diff --git a/codex/codex.py b/codex/codex.py index 9fada7c..7f95ae2 100644 --- a/codex/codex.py +++ b/codex/codex.py @@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ def __init__(self, code="en", size="s"): ) self.entities_ = {} + self.entity_extracts_ = {} self.relations_ = {} self.entity_types_ = {} self.type_labels_ = {} @@ -74,13 +75,20 @@ def entity_wikipedia_url(self, eid): def entity_extract(self, eid): """Get the Wikipedia intro extract for this entity""" - fname = os.path.join( - self.data_dir_base, "entities", self.code, "extracts", f"{eid}.txt" - ) - if os.path.exists(fname): - with open(fname) as f: - return "".join(f.readlines()) - return "" + entity_extracts = self._load_entity_extracts() + if entity_extracts != {}: + if eid in entity_extracts: + return entity_extracts[eid] + else: + return "" + else: # if json doesn't exist, go back to previous implementation + fname = os.path.join( + self.data_dir_base, "entities", self.code, "extracts", f"{eid}.txt" + ) + if os.path.exists(fname): + with open(fname) as f: + return "".join(f.readlines()) + return "" def relation_label(self, rid): """Get the label of this relation""" @@ -162,6 +170,21 @@ def _load_entities(self): ) return self.entities_ + def _load_entity_extracts(self): + # if json doesn't exist, return {} so as to go back to previous implementation + try: + if not len(self.entity_extracts_): + self.entity_extracts_ = json.load( + open( + os.path.join( + self.data_dir_base, "entities", self.code, "entity_extracts.json" + ) + ) + ) + except OSError as e: + self.entity_extracts_ = {} + return self.entity_extracts_ + def _load_relations(self): if not len(self.relations_): self.relations_ = json.load( diff --git a/data/entities/en/entity_extracts.json b/data/entities/en/entity_extracts.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e92754 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/entities/en/entity_extracts.json @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +{"Q2137237": "Regal Zonophone Records was a British record label formed in 1932, through a merger of the Regal and Zonophone labels. This followed the merger of those labels' respective parent companies \u2013 the Columbia Graphophone Company and the Gramophone Company \u2013 to form EMI. At the merger, those records from the Regal Records catalogue were prefixed 'MR' and those from the Zonophone Records catalogue were prefixed 'T'. Record releases after the merger continued using only the 'MR' prefix.Originally Regal Zonophone handled American releases from Okeh Records, Victor Records and Columbia Records, as well as offering home-grown recordings by artists such as Gracie Fields and George Formby. The label is also known for its releases of Salvation Army (particularly brass band) music.In the 1950s the Australian division of Regal Zonophone played an important role in the emerging Australian country music genre, signing several emerging country stars including Slim Dusty, Smoky Dawson, Reg Lindsay and Chad Morgan. Slim Dusty's 1957 Regal Zonophone hit \"A Pub with No Beer\" became the biggest-selling Australian recording ever released up to that time.\nEMI revived the Regal Zonophone imprint in 1967 to handle the Essex Music/Straight Ahead producing account that had moved from Deram (after one Procol Harum single and two singles by The Move) and continued well into the early 1970s, with successful producers Denny Cordell and Tony Visconti both having production companies releasing records through the label. During this period the label had both album and single success with artists such as The Move, Procol Harum, Joe Cocker, and Tyrannosaurus Rex. During the mid-1970s, many of these production deals ended and, despite a few sporadic releases by Blue Mink, Geordie, Dave Edmunds, and Grunt Futtock (a one-off project featuring Roy Wood, Steve Marriott, Peter Frampton and Andy Bown), EMI stopped using the imprint as a major pop label. Many of the label's artists moved to Fly Records or to the EMI imprint.\nRegal Zonophone was revived at the end of the 1990s as a reissue label curated by the UK band Saint Etienne. This incarnation of the label is no longer active, as EMI relaunched Regal and Zonophone as separate imprints of Parlophone. In 2013, both Regal and Zonophone were taken over by Warner Music Group after Universal Music Group spun off Parlophone from EMI, at the request of international regulators.", "Q539974": "Alf Ivar Hildrum (born 18 April 1948) is a Norwegian media executive and politician for the Labour Party.\nHe was born in Overhalla. A siv.\u00f8k. by education, he worked as an information secretary in the Norwegian Ministry of Trade and Shipping from 1977 to 1978. He was then promoted to private secretary (today known as political advisor) in the same ministry, succeeding Tove Strand Gerhardsen. He was a journalist in Arbeidernes Pressekontor from 1979 to 1981, editor-in-chief of Bergens Arbeiderblad from 1981 to 1984, subeditor in Arbeidernes Pressekontor from 1984 to 1988, chief executive officer of A-pressen from 1988 to 2007 and then chief executive officer of TV 2.", "Q266959": "Mary Margaret Truman Daniel (February 17, 1924 \u2013 January 29, 2008) was an American classical soprano, actress, journalist, radio and television personality, writer, and New York socialite. She was the only child of President Harry S. Truman and First Lady Bess Truman. While her father was president, during the years 1945 to 1953, Margaret regularly accompanied him on campaign trips, most notably the 1948 extensive countrywide train-borne 'Whistle-stop' campaign trip, which lasted several weeks; she also appeared often at important White House and political events during those years. She was a favorite with the media.After graduating from George Washington University in 1946, she embarked on a career as a coloratura soprano, beginning with a concert appearance with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra in 1947. She appeared in concerts with orchestras throughout the United States and in recitals throughout the U.S. through 1956. She made recordings with R.C.A. Victor, and made television appearances on programs like What's My Line? and The Bell Telephone Hour.In 1957 Truman abandoned her singing career to pursue a career as a journalist and radio personality, when she became the co-host of the program Weekday with Mike Wallace. She also wrote articles as an independent journalist, for a variety of publications in the 1960s and 1970s. She later became the successful author of a series of murder mysteries, and a number of works on U.S. First Ladies and First Families, including well-received biographies of her father, President Harry S. Truman and mother Bess Truman. \nShe was married to journalist Clifton Daniel, managing editor of The New York Times. The couple had four children, and were prominent New York socialites who often hosted events for the New York elite.", "Q4061": "Woodrow Wilson Guthrie (; July 14, 1912 \u2013 October 3, 1967) was an American singer-songwriter, who is considered one of the most significant figures in American western folk music. His music, including songs, such as \"This Land Is Your Land\", has inspired several generations both politically and musically.Guthrie wrote hundreds of country, folk, and children's songs, along with ballads and improvised works. His album of songs about the Dust Bowl period, Dust Bowl Ballads, was included on Mojo magazine's list of 100 Records That Changed The World, and many of his recorded songs are archived in the Library of Congress. Songwriters such as Bob Dylan, Phil Ochs, Johnny Cash, Bruce Springsteen, Robert Hunter, Harry Chapin, John Mellencamp, Pete Seeger, Andy Irvine, Joe Strummer, Billy Bragg, Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Jeff Tweedy, Tom Paxton, Brian Fallon, and Sixto Rodr\u00edguez have acknowledged Guthrie as a major influence on their work. He frequently performed with the slogan \"This machine kills fascists\" displayed on his guitar.\nGuthrie was brought up by middle-class parents in Okemah, Oklahoma, until he was 14, when his mother Nora was hospitalized as a consequence of Huntington's disease, a fatal hereditary neurological disorder. His father moved to Pampa, Texas, to repay debts from unsuccessful real estate deals. During his early teens, Guthrie learned folk and blues songs from his parents' friends. He married at 19, but with the advent of the dust storms that marked the Dust Bowl period, he left his wife and three children to join the thousands of Okies who were migrating to California looking for employment. He worked at Los Angeles radio station KFVD, achieving some fame from playing hillbilly music; made friends with Will Geer and John Steinbeck; and wrote a column for the communist newspaper People's World from May 1939 to January 1940.\nThroughout his life, Guthrie was associated with United States communist groups, although he did not appear to belong to any. With the outbreak of World War II and the non-aggression pact the Soviet Union had signed with Germany in 1939, the owners of KFVD radio were not comfortable with Guthrie's political leanings. He left the station, ending up in New York where he wrote and recorded his 1940 album Dust Bowl Ballads, based on his experiences during the 1930s, which earned him the nickname the \"Dust Bowl Troubadour\". In February 1940 he wrote his most famous song, \"This Land Is Your Land\". He said it was a response to what he felt was the overplaying of Irving Berlin's \"God Bless America\" on the radio.Guthrie was married three times and fathered eight children. His son Arlo Guthrie became nationally known as a musician. Guthrie died in 1967 from complications of Huntington's disease. His first two daughters also died of the disease. During his later years, in spite of his illness, Guthrie served as a figurehead in the folk movement, providing inspiration to a generation of new folk and country musicians, including mentoring Ramblin' Jack Elliott and Bob Dylan.", "Q219155": "Dawn of the Dead (also known internationally as Zombi or Zombie) is a 1978 independent horror film directed and edited by George A. Romero. An international co-production of the United States and Italy, it was written by Romero in collaboration with Italian filmmaker Dario Argento, and produced by Richard P. Rubinstein, Claudio Argento and Alfredo Cuomo. It is the second film in Romero's Night of the Living Dead series of zombie films, and though it contains no characters or settings from the preceding film Night of the Living Dead (1968), it shows in a larger scale the effects of a zombie apocalypse on society. In the film, a phenomenon of unidentified origin has caused the reanimation of the dead, who prey on human flesh. David Emge, Ken Foree, Scott Reiniger, and Gaylen Ross star as survivors of the outbreak who barricade themselves inside a suburban shopping mall amid mass hysteria.\nDawn of the Dead was filmed over approximately four months, from late 1977 to early 1978, in the Pennsylvania cities of Pittsburgh and Monroeville. Its primary filming location was the Monroeville Mall. The film was made on a budget estimated at $1.5 million and grossed approximately $55 million worldwide. The film has a 93% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, which calls it \"one of the most compelling and entertaining zombie films ever made\" in its critical consensus.In addition to four official sequels, the film has spawned numerous parodies and pop culture references. A remake was released in 2004.\nIn 2008, Dawn of the Dead was chosen by Empire magazine as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time, along with Night of the Living Dead.", "Q188838": "Roberto Arlt (Buenos Aires, April 26, 1900 - Buenos Aires, July 26, 1942) was an Argentine novelist, storyteller, playwright, journalist and inventor.", "Q4403799": "Vitaly Gennadyevich Savelyev (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432; born January 18, 1954) is a Russian businessman. He has been the chairman and CEO of Aeroflot, Russia's largest airline, since 2009.", "Q216266": "Alain Robbe-Grillet (French: [a.l\u025b\u0303 \u0281\u0254b \u0261\u0281i.j\u025b]; 18 August 1922 \u2013 18 February 2008) was a French writer and filmmaker. He was one of the figures most associated with the Nouveau Roman (new novel) trend of the 1960s, along with Nathalie Sarraute, Michel Butor and Claude Simon. Alain Robbe-Grillet was elected a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise on 25 March 2004, succeeding Maurice Rheims at seat No. 32. He was married to Catherine Robbe-Grillet (n\u00e9e Rstakian).", "Q944494": "Dino Cazares, (born in El Centro, California) is an American musician, known for being a co-founder and guitarist for industrial metal group Fear Factory. He is also the co-founder of the metal bands Divine Heresy and Asesino. He also popularized the use of digital amp modelling processors for seven and eight string guitars in metal music. Cazares was a co-founding member of super-group Brujeria.", "Q1371946": "Thor Pedersen (born 14 June 1945) is former member of Folketinget. He was representing the Liberal party, Venstre. He was Finance Minister from 27 November 2001 to 23 November 2007 as part of the Cabinets of Anders Fogh Rasmussen I and II. He was a Member of Parliament (Folketinget) from 1985 to 2011 and served as Speaker from 28 November 2007 until 15 September 2011.\nHe was Minister of Housing from 12 March 1986 to 9 September 1987, Minister of the Interior from 10 September 1987 to 25 January 1993, Minister for Nordic Cooperation from 3 June 1988 to 18 November 1992 and Minister of Economic Affairs from 19 November 1992 to 25 January 1993.\nHe was a member of Helsinge Municipal Council from 1974 to 1986, where he was also mayor from 1978 to 1986.", "Q49734": "Cass Elliot (born Ellen Naomi Cohen; September 19, 1941 \u2013 July 29, 1974), also known as Mama Cass, was an American singer and actress who is best known for having been a member of the Mamas and the Papas. After the group broke up, she released five solo albums. In 1998, she was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for her work with the Mamas and the Papas.", "Q1451167": "Fran\u00e7ois Pinault (born 21 August 1936) is a French billionaire businessman, founder of the luxury group Kering and the investment company Art\u00e9mis.\nPinault started his business in the timber industry in the early 1960s. Taken public in 1988, the company invested in specialized retail business and changed its name to PPR. By the end of 1999, PPR shifted towards luxury and fashion. In 2003, he passed on the management of his companies to his elder son Fran\u00e7ois-Henri to follow his passion for contemporary art.\nPinault is one of the world's leading contemporary art collectors.", "Q247997": "Pyotr Anatolyevich Krasilov (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432; born 3 June 1977) is a Russian film and theater actor.", "Q932502": "Chris Sharrock (born 30 May 1964) is an English drummer, hailing from Bebington, Merseyside, England. He has been a member of the Icicle Works, the La's, the Wild Swans, World Party, the Lightning Seeds, Robbie Williams Live, Oasis, Beady Eye and currently in Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds.", "Q259571": "Barbara Hale (April 18, 1922 \u2013 January 26, 2017) was an American actress best known for her role as legal secretary Della Street in the television series Perry Mason (1957\u20131966), earning her a 1959 Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. She reprised the role in 30 Perry Mason movies for television (1985\u20131995). Her film roles included The Window (1949), in which she starred as the mother of a boy who witnesses a murder.", "Q92130": "Otto Ludwig Bettmann (October 15, 1903, Leipzig, Germany \u2013 May 3, 1998), known as \"The Picture Man,\" was the founder of the Bettmann Archive. Bettmann is considered to have \"virtually invented the image resource business.\"", "Q346323": "Sir Emery Walker (2 April 1851 \u2013 22 July 1933) was an English engraver, photographer and printer. Walker took an active role in many organisations that were at the heart of the Arts and Crafts movement, including the Art Workers Guild, the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings and the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society.", "Q430944": "Sebastian Kneipp is a 1958 Austrian historical film directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner and starring Carl Wery, Paul H\u00f6rbiger, and Gerlinde Locker. It is also sometimes known as Wasserdoktor. The film is a biopic of the Bavarian Sebastian Kneipp, one of the pioneers of naturopathic medicine.", "Q1057939": "Evan Olav N\u00e6ss (born August 26, 1988), known professionally as Evan Ross, is an American actor and musician. He made his acting debut in the comedy-drama film ATL (2006), and has since starred in the films Pride (2007), According to Greta (2009), Mooz-lum (2010), 96 Minutes (2011), Supremacy (2014), The Hunger Games: Mockingjay \u2013 Part 1 (2014) and Part 2 (2015).\nOn television, Ross had a recurring role as Charlie Selby in the season 3 of The CW's teen drama series 90210 and a regular role as Angel Rivera in the season 2 of Fox's musical drama series Star. Ross also starred on ABC's procedural drama series Wicked City as Diver Hawkes. As a musician, he released his first single \"Yes Me\" on February 2011, and his second single \"How To Live Alone\" in May 2015.\nRoss is the son of the late mountaineer Arne N\u00e6ss Jr. and the Supremes lead singer Diana Ross. He has been married since 2014 to singer-songwriter Ashlee Simpson, with whom he has a daughter.", "Q9545": "Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. After his resignation, he was appointed Special Envoy of the Quartet on the Middle East, an office which he held until 2015. He currently runs the Tony Blair Institute for Global Change. \nBorn in Edinburgh, Blair's father was a barrister and academic. After attending the private Fettes College, he studied law at St John's College, Oxford and became a barrister. He became involved in Labour politics and was elected Member of Parliament for Sedgefield in 1983. He supported moving the party to the centre of British politics in an attempt to help it win power (it had been out of government since 1979). He was appointed to the party's frontbench in 1988 and became Shadow Home Secretary in 1992. He became Leader of the Opposition on his election as Labour Party leader in 1994, following the sudden death of his predecessor, John Smith. Under Blair, the party used the phrase \"New Labour\" to distance itself from previous Labour politics and the traditional idea of socialism. He declared support for the Third Way\u2014politics that recognised individuals as socially interdependent, advocating social justice, cohesion, the equal worth of each citizen, and equal opportunity. Despite opposition from Labour's hard left, he removed the party's formal commitment to the nationalisation of the economy, weakened trade union influence in the party, and committed to the free market and the European Union. In 1997, the Labour Party won its largest landslide general election victory in its history. Blair became the country's youngest leader since 1812 and remains the party's longest-serving occupant of the office. Labour won two more general elections under his leadership\u2014in 2001, in which it won another landslide victory (albeit with the lowest turnout since 1918), and in 2005, with a greatly reduced majority. He resigned as Prime Minister and Leader of the Labour Party in 2007 and was succeeded by Gordon Brown, who had been his Chancellor of the Exchequer since 1997. \nBlair's governments enacted constitutional reforms, removing most hereditary peers from the House of Lords, while also establishing the UK's Supreme Court and reforming the office of Lord Chancellor (thereby separating judicial powers from the legislative and executive branches). His government held referendums in which Scottish and Welsh electorates voted in favour of devolved administration, paving the way for the establishment of the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly (both in 1999). He was also involved in negotiating the Good Friday Agreement. His time in office occurred during a period of continued economic growth, but this became increasingly dependent on mounting debt. In 1997, his government gave the Bank of England powers to set interest rates autonomously and he later oversaw a large increase in public spending, especially in healthcare and education. He championed multiculturalism and, between 1997 and 2007, immigration rose considerably, especially after his government welcomed immigration from the new EU member states in 2004. This provided a cheap and flexible labour supply but also fuelled Euroscepticism, especially among some of his party's core voters. His other social policies were generally progressive; he introduced the National Minimum Wage Act 1998, the Human Rights Act 1998 and the Freedom of Information Act 2000, and in 2004 allowed gay couples to enter into civil partnerships. However, he declared himself \"tough on crime, tough on the causes of crime\" and oversaw increasing incarceration rates and new anti-social behaviour legislation, despite contradictory evidence about the change in crime rates.\nBlair oversaw British interventions in Kosovo (1999) and Sierra Leone (2000) which were generally perceived as successful. During the War on Terror, he supported the foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration and ensured that the British Armed Forces participated in the War in Afghanistan from 2001 and, more controversially, the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The latter became increasingly unpopular among the British public, and he was criticised by opponents and (in 2016) the Iraq Inquiry for waging an unjustified and unnecessary invasion. He was in office when the 7/7 bombings took place (2005) and introduced a range of anti-terror legislation. His legacy remains controversial, not least because of his interventions in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars. Despite his electoral successes and reforms, he has also been criticised for his relationship with the media, centralisation of executive powers, and aspects of his social and economic policies.", "Q286113": "Hans Leutenegger (born 16 January 1940 in Bichelsee-Balterswil) is a Swiss bobsledder who competed in the early 1970s. He won the gold medal in the four-man event at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo.\nLeutenegger also founded his own construction firm in Switzerland in 1965, Hans Leutenegger AG, a business that continues as of 2012. The company has expanded into employment search and a temporary staffing for engineering positions. He also did some acting, working with Klaus Kinski in the 1985 film Kommando Leopard (Commando Leopard).\n\n", "Q157282": "Professor Bronis\u0142aw Geremek (Polish pronunciation: [br\u0254\u02c8\u0272iswav \u0261\u025b\u02c8r\u025bm\u025bk] (listen); born Benjamin Lewertow; 6 March 1932 \u2013 13 July 2008) was a Polish social historian and politician. He served as Member of Parliament (1991\u20132001), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1997\u20132000), leader of the Freedom Union (2000\u20132001) as well as Member of the European Parliament (2004\u20132008).", "Q983861": "Jamestown is a city in southern Chautauqua County, New York, United States. The population was 31,146 at the 2010 census and was estimated at 29,315 in 2018. Situated between Lake Erie to the north and the Allegheny National Forest to the south, Jamestown is the largest population center in the county. Nearby Chautauqua Lake is a freshwater resource used by fishermen, boaters and naturalists.\nNotable people from Jamestown include comedian Lucille Ball, U.S. Supreme Court justice and Nuremberg chief prosecutor Robert H. Jackson, naturalist Roger Tory Peterson, singer Natalie Merchant, and NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell. Products developed in Jamestown include the crescent wrench and automatic voting machines.\nJamestown was once called the \"Furniture Capital of the World\" where people visited from all over the country to attend furniture expositions at the Furniture Mart, a building that still stands in the city and houses offices for a variety of companies.", "Q1355628": "Erling Kagge (born January 15, 1963) is a Norwegian explorer, lawyer, art collector, entrepreneur, politician, author and publisher.", "Q7568": "Yogyakarta (; also Jogjakarta or Jogja; Javanese: \ua994\ua9aa\ua9ba\ua9b4\ua992\ua9be\ua98f\ua982\ua9a0, Ngayogyakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, Yogyakarta is regarded as an important centre for classical Javanese fine arts and culture such as ballet, batik textiles, drama, literature, music, poetry, silversmithing, visual arts, and wayang puppetry. Renowned as a centre of Indonesian education, Yogyakarta is home to a large student population and dozens of schools and universities, including Gadjah Mada University, the country's largest institute of higher education and one of its most prestigious.Yogyakarta is the capital of the Yogyakarta Sultanate and served as the Indonesian capital from 1946 to 1948 during the Indonesian National Revolution, with Gedung Agung as the president's office. One of the districts in southeastern Yogyakarta, Kotagede, was the capital of the Mataram Sultanate between 1587 and 1613.\nThe city's population was 422,732 inhabitants at the 2017 census. Its built-up area was home to 4,010,436 inhabitants, which includes Magelang and 65 districts across Sleman, Klaten, Bantul, Kulon Progo, and Magelang regencies. At 0.837, Yogyakarta has one of the highest HDI within Indonesia, with which it is considered a \"developed\" city. The plan for second phase Indonesia high speed train is currently being developed from Bandung to Yogyakarta & Solo.\n\n", "Q938749": "Koshi Inaba (\u7a32\u8449\u6d69\u5fd7, Inaba K\u014dshi) (born September 23, 1964 in Tsuyama, Okayama) is a Japanese vocalist, multi-instrumentalist and songwriter. He is best known as the singer and lyricist of the rock duo B'z, the best-selling music act in their native Japan. He has also had a successful solo career, with five studio albums and five singles topping the Japanese music charts. He collaborated with Slash on single \"Sahara\" which was released in 2009. In 2017, he released a collaborative album, Chubby Groove, with Stevie Salas under the name \"Inaba/Salas\".", "Q108786": "Heinz Hohner (1907\u20131967) was the mayor of Augsburg, Germany, between 1946 and 1947. He was a member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. His father was a prosecutor. He studied legal science in Munich, Kiel, Berlin, Freiburg and W\u00fcrzburg, where he was promoted.", "Q441165": "Lotte Verbeek (born 24 June 1982) is a Dutch actress, dancer and model. She is best known for her role as Giulia Farnese in The Borgias television series created by Neil Jordan, and as Geillis Duncan in the Starz series Outlander.", "Q503424": "The University of Leeds is a public research university in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It was established in 1874 as the Yorkshire College of Science. In 1884 it merged with the Leeds School of Medicine (established 1831) and was renamed Yorkshire College. It became part of the federal Victoria University in 1887, joining Owens College (which became the University of Manchester) and University College Liverpool (which became the University of Liverpool). In 1904 a royal charter was granted to the University of Leeds by King Edward VII.For 2017-18 Leeds is ranked nationally between 10th (Times and Sunday Times) and 14th (The Guardian; The Complete University Guide). The university is ranked as the 31st best in Europe and was ranked 93rd in the QS World University Rankings for 2019. Leeds was ranked in the top three in the UK and the top 20 in the world for graduate employability (QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2016), and it was also ranked as the fifth most targeted British university by the UK's top graduate employers in 2016-17. Leeds was ranked 10th in the UK for research power in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework, the best result in the Yorkshire and the Humber region. The university was named the 2017 Sunday Times University of the Year, having been runner-up in 2016.The university has 36,250 students, the fifth largest university in the UK (out of 169). From 2006 to present, the university has consistently been ranked within the top 5 (alongside the University of Manchester, Manchester Metropolitan University, the University of Nottingham and the University of Edinburgh) in the United Kingdom for the number of applications received. Leeds had an income of \u00a3706.2 million in 2017/18, of which \u00a3137.1 million was from research grants and contracts. The university has financial endowments of \u00a377.2 million (2017\u201318), ranking outside the top ten British universities by financial endowment.Notable alumni include former Secretary of State Jack Straw, former co-chairman of the Conservative Party Sayeeda Warsi, Piers Sellers (NASA astronaut) and six Nobel laureates.", "Q44210": "C\u00f3rdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8ko\u027e\u00f0o\u03b2a]) is a city in central Argentina, in the foothills of the Sierras Chicas on the Suqu\u00eda River, about 700 km (435 mi) northwest of the Buenos Aires. It is the capital of C\u00f3rdoba Province and the second most populous city in Argentina after Buenos Aires, with about 1.3 million inhabitants according to the 2010 census. It was founded on 6 July 1573 by Jer\u00f3nimo Luis de Cabrera, who named it after C\u00f3rdoba, Spain. It was one of the first Spanish colonial capitals of the region that is now Argentina (the oldest city is Santiago del Estero, founded in 1553). The National University of C\u00f3rdoba is the oldest university of the country and the seventh to be inaugurated in Spanish America. It was founded in 1613 by the Jesuit Order. Because of this, C\u00f3rdoba earned the nickname La Docta (\"the learned\").\nC\u00f3rdoba has many historical monuments preserved from Spanish colonial rule, especially buildings of the Roman Catholic Church. The most recognizable is perhaps the Jesuit Block (Spanish: Manzana Jesu\u00edtica), declared in 2000 as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO which consists of a group of buildings dating from the 17th century, including the Colegio Nacional de Monserrat and the colonial university campus. The campus belongs today to the historical museum of the National University of C\u00f3rdoba, which has been the second-largest university in the country since the early 20th century (after the University of Buenos Aires), in number of students, faculty, and academic programs. C\u00f3rdoba is also known for its historical movements, such as Cordobazo and La Reforma del '18 (known as University Revolution in English).", "Q350541": "Gregg Giuffria (born July 28, 1951) is an American rock musician and businessman. He was the keyboardist for AOR bands Angel, House of Lords, and Giuffria.", "Q90041": "Ralf Richter (born 17 August 1957 in Essen) is a German actor. He debuted as the crude sailor \"Frenssen\" in the Academy Award-nominated 1981 film Das Boot and frequently appeared in German TV series. He played main roles in German films such as Bang Boom Bang (1999), Fu\u00dfball ist unser Leben (1999) or If It Don't Fit, Use a Bigger Hammer (2002).\nHis younger brother Frank is known as musician FM Einheit (ex-Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten).", "Q138123": "Abdul Ali Mazari (Dari: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200e\u200e) (1946 \u2013 13 March 1995) was the political leader of the Hezb-e Wahdat party during and following the Soviet\u2013Afghan War. Mazari was an ethnic Hazara, and believed the solution to the internal divisions in Afghanistan was in a federal system of governance, with each ethnic group having specific constitutional rights and able to govern their own land and people. He was murdered by the Taliban in 1995, and posthumously given the title \u2018Martyr Of National Unity\u2019 in 2016. He supported equal representation of all ethnic groups of Afghanistan, especially Hazaras.who are still being persecuted by Afghan State.", "Q348468": "Manina, la fille sans voiles, released in the US as Manina, the Girl in the Bikini, and in the UK as Manina, the Lighthouse Keeper's Daughter, is a 1952 French film directed by Willy Rozier and starring Brigitte Bardot, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Calv\u00e9 and Howard Vernon. The film is one of Bardot's first film roles, at the age of 17, and was controversial for the scanty bikinis worn by the young Bardot in the film, one of the first occasions when a bikini had appeared in film and when the bikini was still widely considered immodest.\nThough released in France in 1953 as Manina, la fille sans voiles, the film was not released in the United States until 1958 as Manina, the Girl in the Bikini and in the United Kingdom until 1959 as The Lighthouse-Keeper's Daughter. In other countries it was released under other names. The film was able to be screened in the United States notwithstanding the Hays Code prohibition of exposure of the midriff as a foreign film.\nThe film was shot in Cannes, Nice and Paris in the summer of 1952. Brigitte Bardot's father had signed a contract, on behalf of his minor daughter, specifying that the film was not to show indecent images. When in the course of filming, a series of \"highly suggestive\" photographs of his daughter was released, he accused the producing company of not respecting the contract and demanded that the film not be projected without the permission of a court. He lost the suit.\n\n", "Q43219": "The Grassen is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located east of the Titlis in Central Switzerland. The summit is the tripoint between the cantons of Berne, Obwalden and Uri.", "Q1720726": "Michael Craig Nelms (born April 8, 1955) is a former American football defensive back and kick returner in the National Football League (NFL) who played five seasons with the Washington Redskins from 1980 to 1984. Before his NFL career, Nelms played in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football at Baylor University.", "Q10327963": "Louis Mead Treadwell II (born March 21, 1956) is an American businessman and politician who served as lieutenant governor of Alaska from 2010 to 2014. Treadwell is the former Chair of the U.S. Arctic Research Commission serving from 2006 to 2010. He is a member of the Republican Party and was a candidate for the 2014 U.S. Senate election in Alaska.\n\n", "Q1380767": "Jack Joseph Valenti (September 5, 1921 \u2013 April 26, 2007) was a Special Assistant to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and the longtime president of the Motion Picture Association of America. During his 38-year tenure in the MPAA, he created the MPAA film rating system, and he was generally regarded as one of the most influential pro-copyright lobbyists in the world.", "Q272092": "Ethel Ruby Keeler (August 25, 1909 \u2013 February 28, 1993) was a Canadian-American actress, dancer and singer most famous for her on-screen pairing with Dick Powell in a string of successful early musicals at Warner Brothers, particularly 42nd Street (1933). From 1928 to 1940, she was married to actor and singer Al Jolson. She retired from show business in the 1940s, but made a widely publicized comeback on Broadway in 1971.", "Q1374180": "Sergei Nikitich Khrushchev (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u0440\u0443\u0449\u0451\u0432, born July 2, 1935) Russian retired engineer and the son of former Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. He now resides in the United States, currently holding the American citizenship.", "Q1038440": "Jeff VanderMeer (born July 7, 1968) is an American author, editor, and literary critic. Initially associated with the New Weird literary genre, VanderMeer crossed over into mainstream success with his bestselling Southern Reach Trilogy. The trilogy's first novel, Annihilation, won the Nebula and Shirley Jackson Awards, and was adapted into a Hollywood film by director Alex Garland. Among VanderMeer's other novels are Shriek: An Afterword and Borne. He has also edited with his wife Ann VanderMeer such influential and award-winning anthologies as The New Weird, The Weird, and The Big Book of Science Fiction.VanderMeer has been called \"one of the most remarkable practitioners of the literary fantastic in America today,\" with The New Yorker naming him the \"King of Weird Fiction\". VanderMeer's fiction is noted for eluding genre classifications even as his works bring in themes and elements from genres such as postmodernism, ecofiction, the New Weird and post-apocalyptic fiction.VanderMeer's writing has been described as \"evocative\" and containing \"intellectual observations both profound and disturbing,\" and has been compared with the works of Jorge Luis Borges, Franz Kafka, and Henry David Thoreau.", "Q291309": "Dame Cleo Laine (born 28 October 1927) is an English jazz and pop singer and an actress, known for her scat singing and for her vocal range. Though her natural range is that of a contralto, she is able to produce a G above high C, giving her an overall compass of well over three octaves. Laine is the only female performer to have received Grammy nominations in the jazz, popular and classical music categories. She is the widow of jazz composer and musician Sir John Dankworth.", "Q34091": "Mae Carol Jemison (born October 17, 1956) is an American engineer, physician, and former NASA astronaut. She became the first black woman to travel into space when she served as a mission specialist aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Jemison joined NASA's astronaut corps in 1987 and was selected to serve for the STS-47 mission, during which she orbited the Earth for nearly eight days on September 12\u201320, 1992.\nBorn in Alabama and raised in Chicago, Jemison graduated from Stanford University with degrees in chemical engineering as well as African and African-American studies. She then earned her medical degree from Cornell University. Jemison was a doctor for the Peace Corps in Liberia and Sierra Leone from 1983 until 1985 and worked as a general practitioner. In pursuit of becoming an astronaut, she applied to NASA.\nJemison left NASA in 1993 and founded a technology research company. She later formed a non-profit educational foundation and through the foundation is the principal of the 100 Year Starship project funded by DARPA. Jemison also wrote several books for children and appeared on television several times, including in an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation. She holds several honorary doctorates and has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame and the International Space Hall of Fame.", "Q1209631": "Richard \"Dick\" Chrysler (born April 29, 1942) is a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.\nChrysler was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, and graduated from Brighton High School in Brighton, Michigan. He became vice-president of Hurst Performance and the founder and president of Cars and Concepts (which bought out Hurst), and RCI.\nIn 1986, he campaigned for governor of Michigan as a Republican, but lost a hard fought primary to Wayne County Executive, William Lucas.\nChrysler lost in his first campaign for the United States House of Representatives in 1992 to Bob Carr. He was elected in 1994 as a Republican from Michigan's 8th congressional district to the 104th Congress, serving from January 3, 1995 to January 3, 1997. While in Congress, he worked on the issue of changing the income tax to a flat tax, but was unsuccessful. He was defeated by Democrat Debbie Stabenow in the 1996 election for the 105th Congress.", "Q1254522": "Drag City is an American independent record label based in Chicago, Illinois. It was established with a Royal Trux single release (\"Hero Zero\" - DC1) in Chicago in 1990 in by Dan Koretzky and Dan Osborn. It specializes in indie rock, experimental rock, psychedelic rock, folk rock, and alternative country.", "Q173452": "Allen Bernard Berg (born August 1, 1961) is a Canadian former racing driver who raced for the Osella team in Formula One.\n\n", "Q1138332": "Ren Osugi (\u5927\u6749 \u6f23, \u014csugi Ren), born Takashi Osugi (\u5927\u6749 \u5b5d, \u014csugi Takashi, in Komatsushima, Tokushima, Japan) (September 27, 1951 \u2013 February 21, 2018) was a Japanese actor. For his work in Cure, Hana-bi and other films, Osugi was given the Best Supporting Actor award at the 1999 Yokohama Film Festival. He often worked alongside Takeshi Kitano and Susumu Terajima. In the DVD commentary to the mpd.psycho (TV Miniseries) series, director Takashi Miike said that he admired Osugi's experience to shift quickly from comic and imbecilic to authoritative and earnest. He died of heart failure at the age of 66 on February 21, 2018.", "Q92656": "Walter John Savitch (born February 21, 1943) is best known for defining the complexity class NL (nondeterministic logarithmic space), and for Savitch's theorem, which defines a relationship between the NSPACE and DSPACE complexity classes. His work in establishing complexity classes has helped to create the background against which non-deterministic and probabilistic reasoning can be performed. \nHe has also done extensive work in the field of natural language processing and mathematical linguistics. He has been focused on computational complexity as it applies to genetics and biology for over 10 years.\nAside from his work in theoretical computer science, Savitch has written a number of textbooks for learning to program in C/C++, Java, Ada, Pascal and others.\nSavitch received his PhD in mathematics from University of California, Berkeley in 1969 under the supervision of Stephen Cook.\nSince then he has been a professor at University of California, San Diego where he is currently a professor emeritus in the computer science department.\n\n", "Q46361": "Lettere di una novizia (internationally released as Letters by a Novice and Rita) is a 1960 Italian drama film directed by Alberto Lattuada. It is loosely based on the novel with the same title by Guido Piovene. The film was coproduced by France, where it was released with the title La novice.", "Q531496": "Sallie L. Krawcheck (born November 28, 1964) is the CEO and Co-Founder of Ellevest, a digital financial advisor for women launched in 2016. She is owner and Chair of Ellevate Network. Prior to this she was the president of the Global Wealth & Investment Management division of Bank of America. She has been known as one of the most senior women on Wall Street. Most recently she has been widely published in both social and more traditional media, focusing on Wall Street regulatory reform; she is also advising a number of start-ups.", "Q104802": "Wilhelm Ehmer (August 1, 1896 \u2013 June 16, 1976) was a German poet.\nHe was born in Hong Kong and died in L\u00fcdenscheid.\nIn 1936 he won a silver medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his \"Um den Gipfel der Welt\" (\"Around the Peak of the World\").", "Q69382": "Gustav Knuth (7 July 1901 \u2013 1 February 1987) was a German film actor. He appeared in 128 films between 1935 and 1982 and starred in the TV series Alle meine Tiere. He was married to the actress Elisabeth Lennartz.\n\n", "Q826563": "Nica Noelle is an American entrepreneur, pornographic film actress and director, as well as a writer whose essays have appeared in Salon, The Huffington Post and Hustler. She is the co-founder of adult film studios Sweetheart Video, Sweet Sinner, Sweet Sinema, Girl Candy Films, Rock Candy films, Hot Candy Films, and TransRomantic Films.", "Q56172": "Hugh Sykes Davies (1909 \u2013 1984) was an English poet, novelist and communist who was one of a small group of 1930s British surrealists.\nDavies was born in Yorkshire to a Methodist minister and his wife. He went to Kingswood School, Bath and studied at Cambridge, where he co-edited a student magazine called Experiment with William Empson. He spent some time in Paris during the 1930s. He was to stand as a communist candidate in the 1940 general election, but the vote was cancelled because of World War II. He was one of the organisers of the London International Surrealist Exhibition in 1936.\nHe had a talent for friendship, and as well as Empson, he numbered T. S. Eliot, I. A. Richards, Anthony Blunt, Wittgenstein and Salvador Dal\u00ed amongst his circle. At one stage he had Malcolm Lowry declared his ward in an attempt to stop Lowry's drinking.\nDavies' poems were mostly published in avant garde magazines and were not collected during his lifetime. His novels include Full Fathom Five (1956) and The Papers of Andrew Melmoth (1960). He also wrote Petron (1935).\nHe appears in the Canadian National Film Board's feature-length documentary \"Volcano: An Inquiry into the Life and Death of Malcolm Lowry\" talking about Lowry and their friendship.\nHe was a University Lecturer and Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge.", "Q79191": "Jelena Karleu\u0161a To\u0161i\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0408\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0443\u0448\u0430; born 17 August 1978) is a Serbian singer and media personality. She rose to prominence in the mid-1990s as a turbo-folk singer, upon her debut album Ogledalce, but as her career progressed she tried escape that image. During the following decades she saw commercial success with her pop crossover attempts JK Revolution (2008) and Diva (2012). These releases were followed by two Belgrade concerts: All About Diva (2010) and Viva la Diva Show (2013); before 15,000 and 40,000 people, respectively. She has also served as a judge and mentor on the televised singing contest Zvezde Granda since 2015. German magazine Focus referred to her as the \"Madonna of the Balkans\", while W magazine compared her to Lady Gaga. Having sold over million records, while also being one of the highest payed regional performers, Karleu\u0161a is regarded as one of the most popular Serbian musicians.In addition, Karleu\u0161a has developed a strong social media presence through her fashion style, while gaining international media recognition by drawing comparisons to Kim Kardashian and Beyonc\u00e9 in 2015. The following year, she was the first Serbian woman, and second person overall after Novak Djokovic, to reach one million followers on Instagram.Since 2008, Karleu\u0161a has been married to footballer Du\u0161ko To\u0161i\u0107, with whom she has two daughters. Outside of her music career, she is noted for her comments on politics, specially regarding LGBT rights and social equality. Her private life alongside her outspoken views, have also received significant media coverage and have sparked occasional controversy.", "Q454568": "Josef \u010capek (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8joz\u025bf \u02c8t\u0283ap\u025bk]; 23 March 1887 \u2013 April 1945) was a Czech artist who was best known as a painter, but who was also noted as a writer and a poet. He invented the word robot, which was introduced into literature by his brother, Karel \u010capek.", "Q38873": "Lou Andreas-Salom\u00e9 (born either Louise von Salom\u00e9 or Lu\u00edza Gustavovna Salom\u00e9 or Lioulia von Salom\u00e9, Russian: \u041b\u0443\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0413\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435; 12 February 1861 \u2013 5 February 1937) was a Russian-born psychoanalyst and a well-traveled author, narrator, and essayist from a Russian-German family. Her diverse intellectual interests led to friendships with a broad array of distinguished Western thinkers, including Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, Paul R\u00e9e, and Rainer Maria Rilke.", "Q1252153": "Dragan Markovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; born 2 May 1960), and commonly known as Palma (\"palm tree\"), is a Serbian businessman, politician and entrepreneur. He currently serves as a member of the National Assembly of Serbia and is a founder and the party leader of United Serbia (Jedinstvena Srbija).\nHe was the mayor of Jagodina from 2004 until 2012. In February 2001, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management in the first post-Milo\u0161evi\u0107 government of Serbia.", "Q11239": "David Rockefeller (June 12, 1915 \u2013 March 20, 2017) was an American banker who served as chairman and chief executive of Chase Manhattan Corporation. He was the oldest living member of the third generation of the Rockefeller family, and family patriarch from August 2004 until his death in March 2017. Rockefeller was the youngest child of John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, and a grandson of John D. Rockefeller and Laura Spelman Rockefeller.\nHe was noted for his wide-ranging political connections and foreign travel, in which he met with many foreign leaders. His fortune was estimated at $3.3 billion at the time of his death in March 2017.", "Q508217": "Robert Escarpit, born on 24 April 1918 in Saint-Macaire (Gironde, France) - 19 November 2000 in Langon (Gironde), was a French academic, writer and journalist. He is most known to the public for his satiric articles in newspapers such as Le Monde in which he wrote around twenty columns per month from 1949 to 1979.", "Q163899": "10,000 BC is a 2008 American epic action-adventure film directed by Roland Emmerich, starring Steven Strait and Camilla Belle. The film is set in the prehistoric era and depicts the journeys of a prehistoric tribe of mammoth hunters. The world premiere was held on February 10, 2008 at Sony Center on Potsdamer Platz in Berlin.The film was a box office hit, but consistently regarded by professional critics as Emmerich's worst film, as well as one of the worst films of the year.", "Q84034": "William Haldimand (9 September 1784 \u2013 20 September 1862) was an English philanthropist, director of the Bank of England, and Member of Parliament. He was the brother of Jane Marcet, a popular writer on science and economics.", "Q16556": "Phoenix () is the capital and most populous city in Arizona, with 1,660,272 people (as of 2018). It is also the fifth most populous city in the United States, and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents.Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, which in turn is part of the Salt River Valley. The metropolitan area is the 11th largest by population in the United States, with approximately 4.73 million people as of 2017. Phoenix is the seat of Maricopa County and the largest city in the state at 517.9 square miles (1,341 km2), more than twice the size of Tucson and one of the largest cities in the United States.Phoenix was settled in 1867 as an agricultural community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers and was incorporated as a city in 1881. It became the capital of Arizona Territory in 1889. It is in the northeastern reaches of the Sonoran Desert and has a hot desert climate. Despite this, its canal system led to a thriving farming community with the original settler's crops remaining important parts of the Phoenix economy for decades, such as alfalfa, cotton, citrus, and hay. Cotton, cattle, citrus, climate, and copper were known locally as the \"Five C's\" anchoring Phoenix's economy. These remained the driving forces of the city until after World War II, when high-tech companies began to move into the valley and air conditioning made Phoenix's hot summers more bearable.The city averaged a four percent annual population growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s. This growth rate slowed during the Great Recession of 2007\u201309, and has rebounded slowly. Phoenix is the cultural center of the state of Arizona.", "Q386113": "Gustav Renker (October 12, 1889 \u2013 July 23, 1967) was an Austrian and Swiss journalist and writer known for his literary regionalism.\nRenker has published over sixty novels, some of which have been made into a film. His work is mostly attributable to the anti-modern province literature of the interwar period.He was the father in law of Heinrich Sutermeister. Part of his literary estate is archived in the Carinthian literary archives in Klagenfurt.\n\n", "Q104816": "Wolfgang Pepper (14 October 1910, Kiel \u2013 12 October 1997, Berlin) was the mayor of Augsburg, Germany between 1964 and 1972. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.", "Q172980": "Western is a genre of fiction which tells stories set primarily in the latter half of the 19th century in the American Old West, often centering on the life of a nomadic cowboy or gunfighter armed with a revolver and a rifle who rides a horse. Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats, neckerchief bandannas, vests, spurs, cowboy boots, and buckskins (alternatively dusters). Recurring characters include the aforementioned cowboys, Native Americans, Spaniards, Mexicans, bandits, lawmen, bounty hunters, outlaws, gamblers, soldiers (especially mounted cavalry, such as buffalo soldiers), and settlers (farmers, ranchers, and townsfolk). The ambience is usually punctuated with a Western music score, including American and Spanish/Mexican folk music such as country, Native American music, New Mexico music, and rancheras.\nWesterns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape of deserts and mountains. Often, the vast landscape plays an important role, presenting a \"mythic vision of the plains and deserts of the American West.\" Specific settings include ranches, small frontier towns, saloons, railways, wilderness, and isolated military forts of the Wild West.\nCommon plots include:\n\nThe construction of a railroad or a telegraph line on the wild frontier.\nRanchers protecting their family ranch from rustlers or large landowners, or who build a ranch empire.\nRevenge stories, which hinge on the chase and pursuit by someone who has been wronged.\nStories about cavalry fighting Native Americans.\nOutlaw gang plots.\nStories about a lawman or bounty hunter tracking down his quarry.Many Westerns use a stock plot of depicting a crime, then showing the pursuit of the wrongdoer, ending in revenge and retribution, which is often dispensed through a shootout or quick-draw duel.The Western has been recognized as the most popular Hollywood film genre of the early 20th century through the 1960s. Western films first became well-attended in the 1930s. John Ford's landmark Western film Stagecoach (1939) became one of the biggest hits of that year, and made John Wayne a mainstream movie star. The popularity of Westerns continued to grow in the 1940s, with the release of films such as The Ox-Bow Incident (1943), My Darling Clementine (1946), Fort Apache (1948), and Red River (1948). The 1950s have been described as the \"Golden Age of the Western,\" and saw the release of films such as Broken Arrow (1950), High Noon (1952), Shane (1953), Wichita (1955), The Searchers (1956), and Rio Bravo (1959). Notable Western films released in the 1960s include Cat Ballou (1965), The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), The Wild Bunch (1969), and Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969).Classic Westerns such as these have been the inspiration for various films about Western-type characters in contemporary settings, such as Junior Bonner (1972), set in the 1970s, and The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada (2005), set in the 21st century.", "Q10133": "Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (Classical Latin: [\u02c8\u0261a\u02d0\u026a.\u028as swe\u02d0\u02c8to\u02d0n\u026a.\u028as tra\u014b\u02c8k\u1da3\u026all\u028as]), commonly known as Suetonius (; c. 69 \u2013 after 122 AD), was a Roman historian who wrote during the early Imperial era of the Roman Empire.\nHis most important surviving work is a set of biographies of twelve successive Roman rulers, from Julius Caesar to Domitian, entitled De Vita Caesarum. Other works by Suetonius concern the daily life of Rome, politics, oratory, and the lives of famous writers, including poets, historians, and grammarians. A few of these books have partially survived, but many have been lost.", "Q82451": "Peter Sharpe (December 10, 1777 in New York City \u2013 August 3, 1842 in Brooklyn, New York) was an American politician who served as a United States Representative from New York.", "Q2281897": "Sidney Michael Dancoff (September 27, 1913 in Philadelphia \u2013 August 15, 1951 in Urbana, Illinois) was an American theoretical physicist best known for the Tamm\u2013Dancoff approximation method and for nearly developing a renormalization method for solving quantum electrodynamics (QED).\nDancoff was raised in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh. He attended Carnegie Tech on a private scholarship and received his B.S. in physics in 1934, followed by a master's degree from the University of Pittsburgh in 1936. He then went to the University of California at Berkeley where he earned his PhD in 1939 under Robert Oppenheimer.While Dancoff was at Berkeley, Oppenheimer suggested that he work on the calculation of the scattering of a relativistic electron by an electric field. Such QED calculations typically gave infinite answers. Following earlier perturbation-theory work by Oppenheimer and Felix Bloch, he found that he could deal in various ways with the infinities that arose, sometimes by canceling a positive infinity with a negative one. However, some infinities remained uncanceled and the method (later called renormalization) did not give finite results. He published a general description of this work in 1939.In 1948, Sin-Itiro Tomonaga and his students revisited this paper. Using improved calculational methods, they found that Dancoff had omitted one term or two terms. Once they repaired this omission, Dancoff's method worked, and they built on it to produce a theory of QED, for which Tomonaga shared the Nobel Prize in 1965. (At the same time, American physicists discovered Dancoff's error and solved QED, relying less directly on Dancoff.)During the Second World War, Dancoff worked on the theory of the newly invented nuclear reactors. To take into account how fuel rods could \"shadow\" other rods by absorbing neutrons headed toward the other rods, he and M. Ginsburg developed the Dancoff factor, still used in reactor calculations.After the war, Dancoff was on the faculty of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In 1950 he published an approximation method for many-body theory that has been used in nuclear and solid-state physics. Igor Tamm had found it in 1945, and the method is now named after both.\nIn the late 1940s, Dancoff began a collaboration with the Viennese-refugee physician and radiologist Henry Quastler in the new field of cybernetics and information theory. Their work led to the publication of what is now commonly called Dancoff's Law. A non-mathematical statement of this law is, \"the greatest growth occurs when the greatest number of mistakes are made consistent with survival\".Dancoff died of lymphoma in 1951.", "Q270691": "Sridevi (born Shree Amma Yanger Ayyapan; 13 August 1963 \u2013 24 February 2018) was an Indian actress and producer, who worked in Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, Kannada and Malayalam. Regarded as the \"First female Superstar\" of Indian cinema, she was the recipient of various accolades, including a National Film Award, a Nandi Award, the Tamil Nadu State Film Award, the Kerala State Film Award, three Filmfare Awards and three Filmfare Awards South. In 2013, the Government of India awarded her with Padma Shri, the country's fourth highest civilian honor. In a career that spanned five decades, she was known for her portrayals of women in challenging situations, and appeared in a range of genres, from slapstick comedy to epic dramas. Sridevi ranked as the highest-paid woman in the Indian entertainment industry in the 1980s and is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential actresses in the history of Indian cinema.Sridevi made her debut as child artist with the 1967 Tamil film Kandhan Karunai at the age of 4, and started her acting career in lead role as a child with M. A. Thirumugam\u2019s 1969 mythological Tamil film Thunaivan. She continued to act as a child artist in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada films and made her Hindi film debut at age 9 with Rani Mera Naam (1972). Her first adult role came at age 13 with the Tamil film Moondru Mudichu (1976) and she established herself as one of the leading actresses of South Indian Cinema, with roles in 16 Vayathinile (1977), Thulavarsham (1976), Angeekaram (1977), Sigappu Rojakkal (1978), Padaharella Vayasu (1978), Vetagadu (1979), Varumayin Niram Sivappu (1980), Meendum Kokila (1981), Premabhishekam (1981), Moondram Pirai (1982), Aakhari Poratam (1988), Jagadeka Veerudu Atiloka Sundari (1990) and Kshana Kshanam (1991).\nFollowing a notable appearance in romantic drama Julie (1975), Sridevi's first starring role in Hindi cinema came with the 1979 drama film Solva Sawan, and she received wider recognition with the 1983 film Himmatwala. She established herself in the industry with a string of successful films, including Mawaali (1983), Tohfa (1984), Naya Kadam (1984), Maqsad (1984), Masterji (1985), Karma (1986), Nazrana (1987), Mr. India (1987), Waqt Ki Awaz (1988) and Chandni (1989). She received praise for her performances in films, including Sadma (1983), Nagina (1986), ChaalBaaz (1989), Lamhe (1991), Khuda Gawah (1992), Gumrah (1993), Laadla (1994), and Judaai (1997). Following the role of the titular protagonist in the television sitcom Malini Iyer (2004\u20132005), Sridevi returned to film acting in 2012 with the successful comedy-drama English Vinglish, and then starred in her 300th film role in the 2017 thriller Mom. She earned critical acclaim for her performances in both films, and for the latter was posthumously awarded the National Film Award for Best Actress.\nHonorary awards were also conferred on her by the state governments of Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. Sridevi was voted 'India's Greatest Actress in 100 Years' in a CNN-IBN national poll conducted in 2013 on the occasion of the centenary of Indian cinema. On 24 February 2018, Sridevi was found dead in her guest room at the Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel, in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The official coroner's report showed that she had accidentally drowned in the bathtub, with unconsciousness cited as a contributing factor. News of her death featured prominently in Indian and international media. She was married to film producer Boney Kapoor, with whom she had two children including actress Janhvi Kapoor.", "Q261944": "Uffa Fox, CBE (15 January 1898 \u2013 26 October 1972) was an English boat designer and sailing enthusiast.", "Q57278": "The Newcastle ( NEW-kah-s\u0259l) metropolitan area is the second most populated area in the Australian state of New South Wales and includes the Newcastle and Lake Macquarie local government areas. It is the hub of the Greater Newcastle area which includes most parts of the local government areas of City of Newcastle, City of Lake Macquarie, City of Cessnock, City of Maitland and Port Stephens Council.Located at the mouth of the Hunter River, it is the predominant city within the Hunter Region. Famous for its coal, Newcastle is the largest coal exporting harbour in the world, exporting 159.9 million tonnes of coal in 2017. Beyond the city, the Hunter Region possesses large coal deposits. Geologically, the area is located in the central-eastern part of the Sydney basin.", "Q2886080": "Bartolomeo Biscaino (1632\u20131657) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active in his native Genoa.", "Q61912": "Wertheim is a town in southwestern Germany, in the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg with a population of around 23,400. It is located on the confluence of the rivers Tauber and Main. Wertheim is best known for its landmark castle and medieval town centre.", "Q521849": "Alicia Dujovne Ortiz (born in 1940) is an Argentine journalist and author.\n\n", "Q240752": "Chatou (French: [\u0283atu]) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the \u00cele-de-France region in north-central France. Chatou is a part of the affluent suburbs of western Paris and is on the northwest side of the Seine river about 14 km (9 mi) from the city's center.\n\n", "Q1623549": "Paul Mansour Naghdi (March 29, 1924 \u2013 July 9, 1994) was a professor of mechanical engineering at University of California, Berkeley.", "Q90055": "Wilhelm Michel (9 August 1877, Metz \u2013 16 April 1942, Darmstadt) was a German writer who won the 1925 Georg B\u00fcchner Prize.", "Q2010688": "Frank Leslie (March 29, 1821 \u2013 January 10, 1880) was an English-born American engraver, illustrator, and publisher of family periodicals.\n\n", "Q418762": "Akira Kamiya (\u795e\u8c37 \u660e, Kamiya Akira, born September 18, 1946) is a Japanese actor, voice actor, singer, and narrator. He played several notable roles in Japanese manga and anime television series, including Kenshiro. In super robot anime, he voiced Ryoma Nagare in Getter Robo, Akira Hibiki in Brave Raideen, Sanshir\u014d Tsuwabuki in Gaiking, Roy Focker in The Super Dimension Fortress Macross, and Sincline in Beast King GoLion. Kamiya is also known for voicing Ryo Saeba in action detective anime City Hunter.", "Q417451": "Akercocke are an English extreme metal band from London, formed in 1997 by Jason Mendonca and David Gray. The band also features Paul Scanlan and Nathanael Underwood.", "Q212772": "Cheryl Ann Tweedy (born 30 June 1983) is an English singer, dancer and television personality. Born and raised in Newcastle upon Tyne, she rose to fame in late 2002 upon winning a place in Girls Aloud, a girl group created through ITV's Popstars: The Rivals. While still in the group, she began a solo career in April 2009, and between then and 2014, she released four studio albums \u2013 3 Words (2009), Messy Little Raindrops (2010), A Million Lights (2012) and Only Human (2014). Collectively, the albums included ten singles, five of which \u2013 \"Fight for This Love, \"Promise This\", \"Call My Name\", \"Crazy Stupid Love\" and \"I Don't Care\" \u2013 reached the top position on the UK Singles Chart. Cheryl was the first British female solo artist to have five number-one singles in the UK, and she held the record for the British female solo artist with the most UK number-one singles until Jess Glynne overtook her in 2018.\nCheryl became a judge on the UK version of The X Factor in 2008. She mentored two of the eventual winners of the competition (Alexandra Burke in series five and Joe McElderry in series six), before resigning in 2011 and joining the panel of the American version, which she left during the auditions stage. She returned to judge series 11 and 12 of the UK version.\nCheryl has become a recognised and photographed style icon, being referred to as a \"fashionista\" by the press. She has been photographed for the covers of British Vogue, Elle and Harper's Bazaar, and fronted cosmetic company L'Or\u00e9al from 2009 to 2018. Her net worth was estimated at \u00a320 million in October 2014. Cheryl was married to England footballer Ashley Cole from July 2006 to September 2010. She married Jean-Bernard Fernandez-Versini in July 2014, and was granted a decree nisi from him in October 2016. From 2016 to 2018, she was in a relationship with One Direction singer Liam Payne, with whom she has a son born in March 2017.", "Q98409": "Marie Luise Auguste Petersen (31 July 1816 \u2013 30 June 1859) was a German author famous for her fairy tale Princess Ilse.\nPetersen came from a well off family of pharmacists in Frankfurt (Oder). Her grandfather, the \"university pharmacist\" Friedrich Petersen had since 1780 worked at the apothecary \"Zur Goldenen Kugel.\" His second son, Karl later took over the business, marrying Wilhelmine (n\u00e9e Dionysius), and Marie Petersen was the first child of this union.\nShortly after her birth, Petersen developed a chronically deformed spinal curvature, and orthopedic institutions in Berlin were unable to correct the condition. Upon the death of Petersen's mother in 1834, her father sold his pharmacy in order to devote himself to the care and upbringing of his children. He remarried, and his second wife, Amalie, transformed the household into one of the most musical in Frankfurt. Marie lived modestly and withdrawn and received a well-rounded education, earning her the esteem of her contemporaries.\nBecause of her illness, Marie rarely left her hometown. In 1851 she made one journey in the Harz mountains, the catalyst for her literary activity. A travel letter she had sent to a relative under the title Prinzessin Ilse was published anonymously in 1852 as A Fairy Tale from the Harz Mountains. The story was widely successful, but Petersen's identity as the author only appeared in the twelfth edition, this time published with an additional tale. It was also translated into both English and French.\nMarie did not live to see the great success of her two stories. She died in 1859 after a slight inflammation took proved too much for her weak body.", "Q1399222": "Raymond Michael Pizzi, nicknamed \"Pizza Man\" (born January 19, 1943, Everett, Massachusetts) is an American jazz saxophonist, bassoonist, and flautist.\nPizzi's first instrument was clarinet. He attended the Boston Conservatory and Berklee College of Music in the 1960s, and taught in Randolph, Massachusetts public schools from 1964 to 1969. He relocated to California in 1969, and in the 1970s worked with Thad Jones and Mel Lewis, Frank Zappa, Shelly Manne, Willie Bobo, Moacir Santos, Mark Levine, and Dizzy Gillespie. In the 1980s he accompanied Nancy Wilson and was a sideman for Milcho Leviev and Bob Florence, and worked with the American Jazz Orchestra into the early 1990s. He has recorded as a leader, including in a quartet setting under the ensemble name Windrider. He joined the faculty at the Mancini Institute in 1997.", "Q12724": "The canton of Ticino (), formally the Republic and Canton of Ticino, is the southernmost canton of Switzerland. Ticino borders the canton of Uri to the north, the canton of Valais to the west (through the Novena Pass), the canton of Graub\u00fcnden to the northeast, Italy's regions of Piedmont and Lombardy to the south and it surrounds the small Italian enclave of Campione d'Italia.\nNamed after the river Ticino, it is the only canton where Italian is the sole official language and represents the bulk of the Italian-speaking area of Switzerland along with the southern parts of Graub\u00fcnden.\nThe land now occupied by the canton was annexed from Italian cities in the 15th century by various Swiss forces in the last transalpine campaigns of the Old Swiss Confederacy. In the Helvetic Republic, established 1798, it was divided between the two new cantons of Bellinzona and Lugano. The creation of the Swiss Confederation in 1803 saw these two cantons combine to form the modern canton of Ticino.", "Q523086": "Robert Nye FRSL (15 March 1939 \u2013 2 July 2016) was an English poet and author. His bestselling novel Falstaff, published in 1976, was described by Michael Ratcliffe (writing in The Times) as \"one of the most ambitious and seductive novels of the decade\", and went on to win both The Hawthornden Prize and Guardian Fiction Prize. The novel was also included in Anthony Burgess's 99 Novels: The Best in English Since 1939 (1984).", "Q25188": "Inception is a 2010 science fiction action film written and directed by Christopher Nolan, who also produced the film with his wife, Emma Thomas. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio as a professional thief who steals information by infiltrating the subconscious of his targets. He is offered a chance to have his criminal history erased as payment for the implantation of another person's idea into a target's subconscious. The ensemble cast includes Ken Watanabe, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Marion Cotillard, Ellen Page, Tom Hardy, Dileep Rao, Cillian Murphy, Tom Berenger, and Michael Caine.\nAfter the 2002 completion of Insomnia, Nolan presented to Warner Bros. a written 80-page treatment for a horror film envisioning \"dream stealers,\" based on lucid dreaming. Deciding he needed more experience before tackling a production of this magnitude and complexity, Nolan retired the project and instead worked on 2005's Batman Begins, 2006's The Prestige, and The Dark Knight in 2008. The treatment was revised over 6 months and was purchased by Warner in February 2009. Inception was filmed in six countries, beginning in Tokyo on June 19 and ending in Canada on November 22. Its official budget was US$160 million, split between Warner Bros and Legendary. Nolan's reputation and success with The Dark Knight helped secure the film's US$100 million in advertising expenditure.\nInception's premiere was held in London on July 8, 2010; it was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters beginning on July 16, 2010. Inception grossed over US$829 million worldwide, becoming the fourth highest-grossing film of 2010. Considered one of the best films of the 2010s, Inception received critical praise for its screenplay, direction, themes, visual effects, musical score, and ensemble cast. It won four Academy Awards (Best Cinematography, Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects) and was nominated for four more: Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, Best Art Direction, and Best Original Score.", "Q127017": "Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0301\u0433\u0438\u043d, October 26, 1842 \u2013 April 13, 1904), was one of the most famous Russian war artists and one of the first Russian artists to be widely recognised abroad. The graphic nature of his realist scenes led to many of them never being printed or exhibited.", "Q441617": "Gabrielle Sunshine Miller (born November 9, 1973) is a Canadian actress who, since the start of her career in 1993, has appeared in hundreds of television films and series episodes, including leading roles in two of Canada's most popular concurrently-running series, the sitcom Corner Gas (2004\u201309) and the comedy-drama Robson Arms (2005\u201308). She was also a regular or semi-regular on the TV series Pasadena (2002), Alienated (2003\u201304), Call Me Fitz (2012\u201313), Mother Up! (2013) and Good Witch (2015\u201316).", "Q9237": "Malay (; Malay: Bahasa Melayu, \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u200e) is an Austronesian language spoken in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, as well as parts of Thailand. A language of the Malays, it is spoken by 290 million people across the Strait of Malacca, including the coasts of the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia and the eastern coast of Sumatra in Indonesia and has been established as a native language of part of western coastal Sarawak and West Kalimantan in Borneo. It is also used as a trading language in the southern Philippines, including the southern parts of the Zamboanga Peninsula, the Sulu Archipelago and the southern predominantly Muslim-inhabited municipalities of Bataraza and Balabac in Palawan.\nAs the Bahasa Kebangsaan or Bahasa Nasional (\"national language\") of several states, Standard Malay has various official names. In Malaysia, it is designated as either Bahasa Malaysia (\"Malaysian language\") or Bahasa Melayu (\"Malay language\"). In Singapore and Brunei, it is called Bahasa Melayu (\"Malay language\") and in Indonesia, an autonomous normative variety called Bahasa Indonesia (\"Indonesian language\") is designated the Bahasa Persatuan/Pemersatu (\"unifying language\"/lingua franca). However, in areas of central to southern Sumatra where vernacular varieties of Malay are indigenous, Indonesians refer to it as Bahasa Melayu and consider it one of their regional languages.\nStandard Malay, also called Court Malay, was the literary standard of the pre-colonial Malacca and Johor Sultanates, and so the language is sometimes called Malacca, Johor or Riau Malay (or various combinations of those names) to distinguish it from the various other Malayan languages. According to Ethnologue 16, several of the Malayan varieties they currently list as separate languages, including the Orang Asli varieties of Peninsular Malay, are so closely related to standard Malay that they may prove to be dialects. There are also several Malay trade and creole languages which are based on a lingua franca derived from Classical Malay as well as Macassar Malay, which appears to be a mixed language.", "Q440509": "Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf (Arabic: \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0638\u0641\u200e) (born 1957) served as the Prime Minister of Mauritania from August 2008 until August 2014.", "Q1507321": "George F. Cahill Jr. (born July 7, 1927 in New York City; died July 30, 2012 in Peterborough, New Hampshire) was an American scientist who significantly advanced the diabetes mellitus research of the 20th century.", "Q167433": "Caroline of Brunswick (Caroline Amelia Elizabeth; German: Caroline Amalie Elisabeth von Braunschweig-Wolfenb\u00fcttel; 17 May 1768 \u2013 7 August 1821) was Queen consort of the United Kingdom as the wife of King George IV from 29 January 1820 until her death in 1821. She was the Princess of Wales from 1795 to 1820.\nThe daughter of Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, and Princess Augusta of Great Britain, Caroline was engaged to her first cousin, George, in 1794 despite the two of them never having met. He was already illegally married to Maria Fitzherbert. George and Caroline married the following year but separated shortly after the birth of their only child, Princess Charlotte of Wales, in 1796. By 1806, rumours that Caroline had taken lovers and had an illegitimate child led to an investigation into her private life. The dignitaries who led the investigation concluded that there was \"no foundation\" to the rumours, but Caroline's access to her daughter was nonetheless restricted. In 1814, Caroline moved to Italy, where she employed Bartolomeo Pergami as a servant. Pergami soon became Caroline's closest companion, and it was widely assumed that they were lovers. In 1817, Caroline was devastated when Charlotte died in childbirth. She heard the news from a passing courier as George had refused to write and tell her. He was determined to divorce Caroline, and set up a second investigation to collect evidence of her adultery.\nIn 1820, George became King of the United Kingdom and Hanover. He hated his wife, vowed she would never be the queen, and insisted on a divorce, which she refused. A legal divorce was possible but difficult to obtain. Caroline returned to Britain to assert her position as queen. She was wildly popular with the British populace, who sympathised with her and despised the new king for his immoral behaviour. On the basis of the loose evidence collected against her, George attempted to divorce her by introducing the Pains and Penalties Bill to Parliament, but he and the bill were so unpopular, and Caroline so popular with the masses, that it was withdrawn by the Liverpool government. In July 1821, Caroline was barred from the coronation on the orders of her husband. She fell ill in London and died three weeks later. Her funeral procession passed through London on its way to her native Brunswick, where she was buried.", "Q3710088": "Morton E. Gurtin is a mechanical engineer who became a mathematician and mathematical physicist. He is an emeritus professor of mathematical sciences at Carnegie-Mellon University, where for many years he held an endowed chair as the Alumni Professor of Mathematical Science. His main work is in materials science, in the form of the mathematical, rational mechanics of non-linear continuum mechanics and thermodynamics, in the style of Clifford Truesdell and Walter Noll, a field also known under the combined name of continuum thermomechanics. He has published over 250 papers, many among them in Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, as well as a number of books.", "Q6694542": "Loyola College, Chennai is an autonomous Jesuit college of the University of Madras, Chennai, India. It consistently ranks among the top ten institutions in India for degree programmes in commerce, arts, natural sciences and social sciences.", "Q242623": "Rena Sherel Sofer (born December 2, 1968) is an American actress, known for her appearances in daytime television, episodic guest appearances, and made-for-television movies. In 1995, Sofer received a Daytime Emmy Award for her portrayal of Lois Cerullo in the soap opera General Hospital. Since 2013, she has played Quinn Fuller on the CBS soap opera The Bold and The Beautiful.", "Q692385": "Monte Br\u00e8 (925 m) is a small mountain east of Lugano on the flank of Monte Boglia (1,516 m) with a view of the bay of Lugano and the Pennine Alps and the Bernese Alps. It is considered one of the sunniest points in Switzerland.\nSince 1912, the Monte Br\u00e8 funicular has led from Lugano Cassarate to Monte Br\u00e8.", "Q469825": "Patricia Ann Cole (born October 3, 1946), known professionally as P. P. Arnold, is an American soul singer who enjoyed considerable success in the United Kingdom from the 1960s onwards.\n\n", "Q1442669": "Franco Tosi (21 April 1850 \u2013 25 November 1898) was an Italian engineer, known for his contributions to the steam engine technology.\nA native of Villa Cortese, near Milan, he was the son of Eugenio Tosi (1815-1896), and moved to Legnano in 1876, to become the manager of Cantoni-Krumm & C., where he led the development of the famous 3 hp (1877) and 40\u201350 hp Ryder steam engines (1881), the year which the company changed name to its current, Franco Tosi Meccanica. It employed six hundred people in the mid-1890s.\nFranco Tosi was killed by one of his employees in 1898.\nThe company persisted. Other milestones were the first 6,000 kW engine (1904) and becoming the first Italian diesel engine maker (1907). Tosi also cooperated with Emilio Bozzi on his motorcycle development, and supervised building of the first submarine diving at 75 meters (1920). After his withdrawal, the company has entered other engine technologies, and has about 6000 employees.Tosi died at Legnano in 1898.", "Q178275": "The Spanish flu, also known as the 1918 flu pandemic, was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic. Lasting from January 1918 to December 1920, it infected 500 million people \u2013 about a third of the world's population at the time. The death toll is estimated to have been anywhere from 17 million to 50 million, and possibly as high as 100 million, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in human history.To maintain morale, World War I censors minimized early reports of illness and mortality in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and the United States. Newspapers were free to report the epidemic's effects in neutral Spain, such as the grave illness of King Alfonso XIII, and these stories created a false impression of Spain as especially hard hit. This gave rise to the name Spanish flu. Historical and epidemiological data are inadequate to identify with certainty the pandemic's geographic origin, with varying views as to its location.\nMost influenza outbreaks disproportionately kill the very young and the very old, with a higher survival rate for those in between, but the Spanish flu pandemic resulted in a higher than expected mortality rate for young adults. Scientists offer several possible explanations for the high mortality rate of the 1918 influenza pandemic. Some analyses have shown the virus to be particularly deadly because it triggers a cytokine storm, which ravages the stronger immune system of young adults. In contrast, a 2007 analysis of medical journals from the period of the pandemic found that the viral infection was no more aggressive than previous influenza strains. Instead, malnourishment, overcrowded medical camps and hospitals, and poor hygiene promoted bacterial superinfection. This superinfection killed most of the victims, typically after a somewhat prolonged death bed.The Spanish flu was the first of two pandemics caused by the H1N1 influenza virus; the second was the swine flu in 2009.\n\n", "Q6662": "Cesena (Italian pronunciation: [t\u0283e\u02c8z\u025b\u02d0na]; Romagnol: Cis\u00eana) is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region, served by Autostrada A14, and located near the Apennine Mountains, about 15 kilometres (9 miles) from the Adriatic Sea. The total population is 97,137.", "Q431496": "David Paden Marchand (born November 20, 1975), known professionally as Davey Havok, is the lead vocalist of the alternative rock band AFI, the synthpop band Blaqk Audio, the hardcore punk band XTRMST, the new wave band Dreamcar, and in a fictional rock band My Purple Agony from Harvey Girls Forever!.\nHavok is an outspoken advocate of the straight edge lifestyle and veganism.", "Q1399544": "William Delbert Gann (June 6, 1878 \u2013 June 18, 1955) or WD Gann, was a finance trader who developed the technical analysis methods like the Gann angles and the Master Charts, where the latter is a collective name for his various tools like the Spiral Chart( also called the Square of Nine), the Hexagon Chart, and the Circle of 360. Gann market forecasting methods are based on geometry, astronomy and astrology, and ancient mathematics. Opinions are sharply divided on the value and relevance of his work. Gann authored a number of books and courses on shares and commodities trading.", "Q815803": "Bellaphon Records is an independent German record label of Bellaphon records GmbH. The label produces its own artists and distributes those of other labels.", "Q3124610": "G\u00fcven Sazak (1935 in Ankara, Turkey \u2013 25 April 2011) was the 40th President of T\u00fcrkiye S\u00fcper Ligi club Fenerbah\u00e7e SK between 1993 and 1994. He has been a member of the club since 1958.He was also a member of the Fenerbah\u00e7e SK Board in 1974\u201375, 1978\u201380 and 1982\u201383 Boards.G\u00fcven Sazak is the brother of G\u00fcn Sazak (1932\u20131980), a nationalist politician and former Minister of Customs and Monopolies, who was assassinated by leftist militants. His other brother, Y\u0131lmaz Sazak, served as the President of the Turkey Athletic Federation.", "Q108792": "Claudia Neidig (born 17 December 1960) is a German stage and film actress.\nNeidig studied acting in Karlsruhe from 1977 to 1980. She has appeared in numerous film and television roles. She has a short role in European Vacation in 1985.\nShe lives in Bonn, Germany and has a son Claudius.", "Q171537": "Pope Conon (died 21 September 687) was the bishop of Rome from 21 October 686 to his death. He had been put forward as a compromise candidate, there being a conflict between the two factions resident in Rome\u2014 the military and the clerical. He consecrated the Irish missionary Kilian and commissioned him to preach in Franconia.", "Q254041": "Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (February 15, 1811 \u2013 September 11, 1888) was an Argentine activist, intellectual, writer, statesman and the seventh President of Argentina. His writing spanned a wide range of genres and topics, from journalism to autobiography, to political philosophy and history. He was a member of a group of intellectuals, known as the Generation of 1837, who had a great influence on nineteenth-century Argentina. He was particularly concerned with educational issues and was also an important influence on the region's literature.\nSarmiento grew up in a poor but politically active family that paved the way for much of his future accomplishments. Between 1843 and 1850 he was frequently in exile, and wrote in both Chile and in Argentina. His greatest literary achievement was Facundo, a critique of Juan Manuel de Rosas, that Sarmiento wrote while working for the newspaper El Progreso during his exile in Chile. The book brought him far more than just literary recognition; he expended his efforts and energy on the war against dictatorships, specifically that of Rosas, and contrasted enlightened Europe\u2014a world where, in his eyes, democracy, social services, and intelligent thought were valued\u2014with the barbarism of the gaucho and especially the caudillo, the ruthless strongmen of nineteenth-century Argentina.\nWhile president of Argentina from 1868 to 1874, Sarmiento championed intelligent thought\u2014including education for children and women\u2014and democracy for Latin America. He also took advantage of the opportunity to modernize and develop train systems, a postal system, and a comprehensive education system. He spent many years in ministerial roles on the federal and state levels where he travelled abroad and examined other education systems.\nSarmiento died in Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay, at the age of 77 from a heart attack. He was buried in Buenos Aires. Today, he is respected as a political innovator and writer. Miguel de Unamuno considered him among the greatest writers of Castilian prose.", "Q95893": "Julius Lippert (9 July 1895 \u2013 30 June 1956) was a German politician in the Nazi Party.", "Q229082": "Tiffany Dawn Thornton (born February 14, 1986) is a retired American actress, radio personality and singer best known for her co-starring role as Tawni Hart on the Disney Channel Original Series, Sonny with a Chance and the spinoff, So Random!.", "Q1296105": "Joel Walker Sweeney (1810 \u2013 October 29, 1860), also known as Joe Sweeney, was a musician and early blackface minstrel performer. He is known for popularizing the playing of the banjo and has often been credited with advancing the physical development of the modern five-string banjo.", "Q445317": "Alphonse Toussenel (March 17, 1803 - April 30, 1885) was a French naturalist, writer and journalist born in Montreuil-Bellay, a small meadows commune of Angers; he died in Paris on April 30, 1885.\nA utopian socialist and a disciple of Charles Fourier, he was anglophobic and anti-semitic. He was at one time editor-in-chief of the newspaper La Paix, and his studies of natural history served as a vehicle for his political ideas. He was also the brother of teacher and translator Th\u00e9odore Toussenel. An avowed antisemite, Toussenel's Les juifs rois de l'\u00e9poque, histoire de la f\u00e9odalit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re (1845) argued that French finance and commerce was controlled by an 'alien' Jewish presence, typified in the malign influence of the 'Rothschild railroad'. In this, he drew upon a tradition of French socialist antisemitism (as seen in the earlier work of his inspiration Fourier, and Proudhon).", "Q123517": "Elke Twesten (born July 7, 1963 in Schee\u00dfel) is a German politician for the CDU in Lower Saxony who switched parties from the Alliance '90/The Greens in 2017.\n\n", "Q1346126": "John Shirley (born February 10, 1953) is an American writer, primarily of fantasy, science fiction, dark street fiction, and songwriting. He has also written one historical novel, a western about Wyatt Earp, Wyatt in Wichita, and one non-fiction book, Gurdjieff: An Introduction to His Life and Ideas. Shirley has written novels, short stories, TV scripts and screenplays\u2014including The Crow and has published over 40 books and 8 short-story collections. As a musician, Shirley has fronted his own bands and written lyrics for Blue \u00d6yster Cult and others. An extensive compilation of songs by Shirley, Broken Mirror Glass was released by Black October Records. His most recent album is Spaceship Landing in a Cemetery, a collaboration with prog rocker Jerry King, aided by a host of musicians. He has written about spirituality for Parabola Magazine and Quest Magazine.", "Q220918": "Emilio Estevez (; born May 12, 1962) is an American actor. He is a brother of actor Charlie Sheen and son of actor Martin Sheen. Estevez started his career as an actor and is known for being a member of the acting Brat Pack of the 1980s, appearing in The Breakfast Club, St. Elmo's Fire, and The Outsiders. He is also known for Repo Man, The Mighty Ducks and its sequels, Stakeout and Another Stakeout, Maximum Overdrive, Bobby (which he also wrote and directed), and his performances in Western films such as Young Guns and its sequel.", "Q94555": "Noreena Hertz (born 24 September 1967) is an English academic, economist, author and has hosted her show, \"MegaHertz: London Calling,\" on SiriusXM's Insight channel since August 28, 2017. She has been Honorary Professor at the Institute for Global Prosperity at University College London since 2014. She also acts as SiriusXM's chief Europe correspondent. In 2001 The Observer newspaper dubbed her \"one of the world's leading young thinkers\" and Vogue magazine described her as \"one of the most inspiring women in the world.\". In September 2013 Hertz was featured on the cover of Newsweek Magazine. Describing herself as \"a campaigning academic\", critics have called her \"a do-gooder who moves like a grasshopper from one high-profile good cause to another.\" She has been called the \"Nigella Lawson of economics\" by the UK media,\"because she combines striking beauty with a formidable mind.\" Fast Company magazine has named her \"one of the most influential economists on the international stage\" and observed: \"For more than two decades [her] economic predictions have been accurate and ahead of the curve.\" Vivienne Westwood has said of her writing: \"That is what punk was all about\".Hertz's books are published in 22 languages.", "Q691854": "Gobba di Rollin (Italian, French: Bosse de Rollin; 3,899 m) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, straddling the border between Switzerland and Italy. It is located south of the Breithorn and it is largely covered by ice, the summit area being particularly flat. On the north side is the Breithorn Plateau of the Theodul Glacier, on the east side is the Verraz Glacier and on the south is the Glacier d'Aventine.\nGobba di Rollin is notable as having the highest ski lift in Europe on its top, since it is the highest point of the ski area Matterhorn Glacier Paradise on the Theodul Glacier, between Zermatt and Breuil-Cervinia. It is connected to both the Klein Matterhorn and Testa Grigia by ski lifts. The shortest access is from the Klein Matterhorn station (3,820 m), less than two kilometres away, from where it can be easily reached by a piste on the glacier. The summit has even been reached via the Theodul Pass by 4x4 vehicles.", "Q155481": "Theodor Kober (born February 13, 1865 in Stuttgart; died December 20, 1930 in Friedrichshafen) was a twentieth-century German aviation engineer who contributed to the building of the first Zeppelin.", "Q443766": "Lya de Putti (born Am\u00e1lia Putti; Hungarian: Putti Am\u00e1lia, 10 January 1897 \u2013 27 November 1931) was a Hungarian film actress during the silent era. She was noted for her portrayals of vamp characters.", "Q30585": "Bailey Jay (born November 5, 1988) is an American pornographic actress, adult model, and podcaster.", "Q547272": "Animal Collective is an American experimental pop band formed in Baltimore, Maryland in 2003. Its members and founders are Avey Tare (David Portner), Panda Bear (Noah Lennox), Deakin (Josh Dibb), and Geologist (Brian Weitz). The band's music is characterized by studio experimentation, vocal harmonies, and an exploration of various genres which include freak folk, noise rock, ambient drone, and psychedelia. Records released under the name \"Animal Collective\" may include contributions from any or all of its members. In the case of Dibb, who often takes breaks from recording and performing with the band, his time off does not constitute full leave.The band members met in school and started recording together in various forms of collaboration from a young age. Originally a duo comprising Lennox and Portner, the collective was not officially established until all four members came together for the album Here Comes the Indian (2003). Most prior collaborations between the band members were then retroactively classified under Animal Collective's discography. In 1999, they established the record label Paw Tracks, issuing what is now considered their debut album, Spirit They're Gone, Spirit They've Vanished (2000), as well as work by other artists. In 2009, the band released their most commercially successful album, Merriweather Post Pavilion. Its rich, reverb-heavy sound proved influential to much subsequent popular music.", "Q266795": "Jennifer Jean \"Jenna\" von O\u00ff (born May 2, 1977) is an American actress. She played the role of Six LeMeure on the NBC sitcom Blossom and Stevie Van Lowe on the UPN sitcom The Parkers, which is the spin-off series of Moesha.", "Q231815": "Pauley Perrette (born March 27, 1969) is an American actress, writer, singer, and civil rights advocate. She is best known for playing Abby Sciuto in the television series NCIS from 2003 to 2018.", "Q1451173": "Fran\u00e7ois P\u00e9rier (born Fran\u00e7ois Pillu; 10 November 1919 \u2013 29 June 2002), was a French actor renowned for his expressiveness and diversity of roles.\nHe made over 110 film and TV appearances between 1938 and 1996, with notable excursion into the French avant-garde. He was also prominent in the theatre. Among his best-known parts was that of Hugo in the first production of Jean-Paul Sartre's Les Mains Sales in 1948. He was the narrator of the French-language version of Fantasia, and made several commercial audio recordings (with commentary) popularizing classical music in France.", "Q256656": "Susan Flannery (born July 31, 1939) is an American actress and director known for her roles in the daytime dramas The Bold and the Beautiful and Days of Our Lives.", "Q444009": "Peretz Hirshbein (7 November 1880, Melnik, Kleszczele, Grodno Governorate \u2013 16 August 1948, Los Angeles) was a Yiddish-language playwright, novelist, journalist, travel writer, and theater director. Because his work focused more on mood than plot, he became known as \"the Yiddish Maeterlinck\". His work as a playwright and through his own short-lived but influential troupe, laid much of the groundwork for the second golden age of Yiddish theater that began shortly after the end of World War I. The dialogue of his plays is consistently vivid, terse, and naturalistic. Unusually for a Yiddish playwright, most of his works have pastoral settings: he had grown up the son of a miller, and made several attempts at farming.", "Q86179": "Ernst Lothar (German: [\u02c8lo\u02d0tar]; 25 October 1890 \u2013 30 October 1974) was a Moravian-Austrian writer, theatre director/manager and producer.\nHe was born Ernst Lothar M\u00fcller, and as M\u00fcller is a very common German surname, he dropped it. His brother, Hans M\u00fcller-Einigen, by contrast, added a surname.", "Q329900": "Abraham Cykiert (26 April 1926 \u2013 6 March 2009) was an Australian Holocaust survivor and Melburnian playwright and Zionist activist of the 1970s.", "Q608293": "Woodstock is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 5,884 at the 2010 census, down from 6,241 at the 2000 census. Woodstock is in the northern part of the county, northwest of Kingston, and lies within the borders of the Catskill Park.", "Q99059": "Manfred Osten (born January 19, 1938) is a German poet and cultural historian. He was born in Ludwigslust in the region of Mecklenburg, which became part of the German Democratic Republic after World War II.\nHe escaped to the Federal Republic of Germany in 1952. He received his higher education in Hamburg and Munich, where he studied law, philosophy, musicology, and literature. He earned a doctorate upon the completion of a thesis concerning the concept of natural law in the early writings of Schelling. At the conclusion of his studies, he joined the diplomatic service of the Federal Republic of Germany. His career as a diplomat included postings in France, Cameroon, Chad, Australia, Japan, and Hungary. From 1995 to 2004, he was the Secretary-General of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.He is an honorary Doctor of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the University of P\u00e9cs, the University of Bucharest, and the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Ia\u015fi. In 1993 he received the Order of the Rising Sun from the Japanese government. He is in addition a member of the Academy of Sciences and Literature in Mainz. In 2008 he was admitted to the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.Among his many works are Die Erotik Pfirsichs \"The Eroticism of the Peach\" (about Japanese writers); Das Geraubte Ged\u00e4chtnis \"Stolen Memory\" (about the relation between digital systems and the decline of cultural memory); Goethes Entdeckung der Langsamkeit \"Goethe's Discovery of Slowness\"; Die Kunst, Fehler zu Machen \"The Art of Making Mistakes\"; and his collection of poems Im Kerngeh\u00e4use.He is a noted player of the viola and has a particular interest in the music of Robert Schumann.", "Q129774": "Michel Delebarre (born 27 April 1946) is a member of the Senate of France. He represents the Nord department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche. He is also mayor of Dunkirk.Michel Delebarre graduated with a degree in Geography. In 1982, he was appointed Head of Private Office for Prime Minister Pierre Mauroy. During Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand's Presidency he held several ministerial posts between 1984 and 1986 and between 1988 and 1993. His portfolios included: Labour, Social Affairs, Transport, and the Public Service. He was also appointed the first Minister for urban planning.\nIn 1989, Michel Delebarre was elected Mayor of Dunkirk (re-elected in 1995, 2001, 2008) and in 2002 he was elected as a member of the French National Assembly on behalf of the Parti Socialiste (re-elected in 2007). From 1998 to 2001 he was President of the Regional Council of \"Nord-Pas-de Calais\". From 1999 until 2008, Michel Delebarre chaired the largest French Association of Social Housing (Union Sociale pour l'Habitat) representing 820 local branches with a 5 mln rental housing stock.\nInvolved in the wiretap scandal (President Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand and Jean-Edern Hallier), he was condemned by justice in 2005.In February 2006 he was elected President of the Committee of the Regions of the European Union (CoR). Between February 2008 and 2010, he was First Vice-President of the CoR.", "Q97074": "Friedrich Wilhelm Hermann Wagener (March 8, 1815 in Segeletz (now Wusterhausen) \u2013 April 22, 1889 in Friedenau (now part of Berlin)) was a Prussian jurist, chief editor of the Kreuzzeitung (The \"New Prussian Newspaper\") and was a politician and minister from the Prussian Conservative Party.", "Q127759": "Issei Nishikawa (\u897f\u5ddd \u4e00\u8aa0, Nishikawa Issei, born 2 January 1945) is a Japanese politician and the incumbent governor of Fukui Prefecture in Japan. He was elected first in 2003. A native of Asahi, Fukui and graduate of Kyoto University with the B.L. degree in 1968, he joined the Ministry of Home Affairs in 1968.\n\n", "Q107489": "Uwe H\u00fcser (born 21 August 1958) was elected to the Bundestag from Rhineland-Palatinate for the German Green Party in 1987. His term of office ended in 1990.\nIn 1993 he became administrator for NABU, an environmental lobby organization.\nIn 2003 he became Head of Department Internal Services for Federation of German Consumer Organisations [1].", "Q5286811": "Dobroniega Ludgarda of Poland (b. before 1136, d. around 1160 or later) was a Polish princess, Margravine of Lusatia by marriage to Theodoric I, Margrave of Lusatia.\nShe was the daughter of Boles\u0142aw III Wrymouth, Duke of Poland, and Salomea of Berg, daughter of Henry, Count of Berg, and as such a member of the House of Piast. Around 1147 (according to older historiography around 1142) she married Theodoric, second surviving son of Conrad, Margrave of Meissen and Lusatia. After bearing two children she was abandoned by her husband.", "Q1645182": "Michael Omartian (born November 26, 1945) is an American singer-songwriter, keyboardist, and music producer. He has been a participant in numerous albums during a career that has spanned more than four decades. As a producer, he has had number-one records in three consecutive decades. He is a multiple Grammy Award winner, including for Keyboardist of the Year and Producer of the Year. He spent five years on the A&R staff of ABC/Dunhill Records as a producer, artist, and arranger. He was subsequently hired by Warner Bros. Records as an in-house producer and A&R staff member. Omartian moved from Los Angeles to Nashville in 1993, where he served on the Board of Governors of the Recording Academy, and has helped to shape the curriculum for the first master's-degree program in the field of Music Business at Belmont University.\nOmartian has produced albums for a number of artists including Clint Black, Michael Bolton, Dolly Parton, Debby Boone, Steve Camp, Peter Cetera, Christopher Cross, Joe \"Bean\" Esposito, Amy Grant, Benny Hester, Whitney Houston, The Imperials, The Jacksons, Cliff Richard, Rod Stewart, Donna Summer, Wayne Watson, and Trisha Yearwood.", "Q316528": "Blixa Bargeld (born Christian Emmerich on 12 January 1959) is a German musician who has been a member of the groups Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds and ANBB.", "Q581369": "Bonkers is an American animated television series and a spinoff of the earlier series Raw Toonage. It aired from February 28, 1993, to February 23, 1994, in first-run syndication (after a \"preview airing\" on The Disney Channel in early 1993). The syndicated run was available both separately, and as part of The Disney Afternoon. Reruns of the show continued in syndication until 1995 and were later shown on Toon Disney until late 2004.", "Q449505": "Tacita Charlotte Dean CBE, RA (born 1965) is a British visual artist who works primarily in film. She was a nominee for the Turner Prize in 1998, won the Hugo Boss Prize in 2006, and was elected to the Royal Academy of Arts in 2008. She lives and works in Berlin, Germany, and Los Angeles, California.", "Q57536": "Charlotte, Princess Royal (Charlotte Augusta Matilda; 29 September 1766 \u2013 5 October 1828), was Queen of W\u00fcrttemberg as the wife of King Frederick I. She was the first daughter and fourth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and his wife, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.", "Q104180": "Demetrius Hans (Ritter von) Hopfen (3 January 1835 \u2013 19 November 1904) was a Bavarian poet and novelist.\nHans Hopfen (originally Mayer), the son of Angelotta Mayer (1807-1880), was born in Munich. At the age of 10 he was acknowledged by his father Simon Hopfen. Hans studied law and history from 1853 to 1858 in Munich, where he was a member of the Corps Franconia. He retired from the Bavarian civil service soon after the referendary and began publishing his songs and ballads (Lieder und Balladen) in Emanuel Geibel's M\u00fcnchener Dichterbuch (1862); he was soon inducted into the Munich circle of writers known as Die Krokodile. By the age of 25 he had earned a reputation as a gifted romantic with his lyrical poems (especially the powerful ballad of the Sendlinger Bauernschlacht, one of the highlights of his career) and the humorous peasant novel Der alte Praktikant. Efforts to further his education led him to Venice in 1862, Paris in 1863, and Vienna in 1864, where he was in close contact with Franz Grillparzer. From 1865-66 he was Secretary General of the German Schiller Foundation (Deutsche Schillerstiftung) in Vienna under the presidency of Paul Heyse. After 1866, he worked as a freelance writer in Berlin. In 1888 he was ennobled by the Prince Regent Luitpold.\nHe also gained importance as a leading figure of the Verband Alter Corpsstudenten (VAC), founded in 1888 and chaired by Hopfen from 1895 until his death. Soon after taking office, he submitted the plan for a monument dedicated to the German Student Corps at the Rudelsburg to Prince Otto von Bismarck. On 25 June he helped to lay the groundwork for this monument.\nHe died in Lichterfelde, the suburb of Berlin, on 19 November 1904.\nOf Hopfen's lyric poems, Gedichte (4th ed., Berlin, 1883), many are of considerable talent and originality; but it is as a novelist that he is best known. The novels Peregre/ta (1864); Verdorben zu Paris (1868, new ed. 1892); Arge Si/ten (1869); Der graue Freund (1874, 2nd ed., 1876); and Verfehite Liebe (1876, 2nd ed., 1879) are attractive, while of his shorter stories Tiroler Geschichten (1884\u20131885) command most favour.\nAn autobiographical sketch of Hopfen is contained in KE Franzos', Geschichte des Erstlingswerkes (1904).", "Q1072575": "Diebuster, also known as Aim for the Top 2! (\u30c8\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u306d\u3089\u3048 2!, Toppu o Nerae Ts\u016b!) and Gunbuster 2, is a six-episode original video animation series directed by Kazuya Tsurumaki, written by Y\u014dji Enokido and animated by Gainax. It was created to commemorate the studio's 20th anniversary in 2004, and it is a sequel to their 1988 OVA Gunbuster.\nA compilation movie, titled Aim for the Top! & Aim for the Top 2! The Gattai Movie!! (\u30c8\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u306d\u3089\u3048!&\u30c8\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u306d\u3089\u30482! \u5408\u4f53\u5287\u5834\u7248!!, Toppu o Nerae! & Toppu o Nerae 2! Gattai Gekij\u014dban!!), that condenses Gunbuster and Diebuster into two feature-length movies, was released on October 1, 2006.\nIt was licensed for American release by Bandai Visual USA as Gunbuster 2. Discotek Media has since re-licensed Diebuster as Gunbuster 2: Diebuster and it was released on May 21, 2013. A manga adaptation of the series is available in Japan.", "Q95663": "Walter Haeussermann (also spelled H\u00e4ussermann; March 2, 1914 \u2013 December 8, 2010) was a German-American aerospace engineer and member of the \"von Braun rocket group\", both at Peenem\u00fcnde and later at Marshall Space Flight Center, where he was the director of the guidance and control laboratory. He was awarded the Department of the Army Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service in 1959 for his contributions to the US rocket program.", "Q180280": "Halil Turgut \u00d6zal (Turkish pronunciation: [tu\u027e\u02c8\u0261ut \u0153\u02c8za\u026b]; 13 October 1927 \u2013 17 April 1993) was a Turkish politician who served as the 8th President of Turkey from 1989 to 1993. He previously served as the 26th Prime Minister of Turkey from 1983 to 1989 as the leader of the Motherland Party. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey in the military government of B\u00fclend Ulusu between 1980 and 1982.\nAfter working briefly at the World Bank in the United States and as a university lecturer, \u00d6zal became the general secretary and later the leader of the main miners' trade union of Turkey in 1979, serving as a chief negotiator during large-scale industrial action in 1977. He unsuccessfully stood for Parliament in the 1977 general election as a National Salvation Party (MSP) candidate from \u0130zmir. In 1979, he became an undersecretary to Prime Minister S\u00fcleyman Demirel's minority government until the 1980 military coup. As an undersecretary, he played a major role in developing economic reforms, known as the '24 January decisions,' which paved the way for greater economic liberalism of the Turkish economy. After the coup, he was appointed as the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey responsible for the economy in B\u00fclend Ulusu's government and continued to implement economic reforms. He resigned in 1982 following disagreements over economic policy.\u00d6zal formed the Motherland Party (ANAP) in 1983 after the ban on political parties was lifted by the military government. ANAP won a parliamentary majority in the 1983 general election and \u00d6zal subsequently became the Prime Minister of Turkey. While implementing several economic reforms concerning the exchange rate and deregulation, a rise in inflation and the growing conflict with Kurdish separatists led to ANAP winning reduced pluralities in the 1984 local elections. Despite a referendum in 1987 allowing politicians banned during the 1980 coup to resume political activities, ANAP was re-elected with a parliamentary majority in the 1987 general election, albeit with a reduced share of the vote. He survived an assassination attempt during a party congress in 1988. \u00d6zal's foreign policy focused on averting war with Greece following the \u015eim\u015fek Incident and temporarily allowed Turks in Bulgaria to return to Turkey.\n\u00d6zal was elected President of the Turkish Republic in the 1989 presidential election, while Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Akbulut replaced him as Prime Minister. Despite assuming a ceremonial role with minimal political duties, \u00d6zal remained occupied with government activities, such as intervening in the 1990 Zonguldak miners' strikes. While Akbulut took a docile approach as Prime Minister, disputes over the President's and Prime Minister's duties were dominant when S\u00fcleyman Demirel became Prime Minister after the 1991 general election. The Southeastern Anatolia development project began with the construction of the Atat\u00fcrk Dam in \u015eanl\u0131urfa, while \u00d6zal participated in the first ever summit of Turkic Republics in 1992 held in Ankara. He maintained close relations with the President of the United States George H. W. Bush during the Gulf War and the end of the Cold War. \u00d6zal died unexpectedly while in office in 1993, with an exhumation in 2012 leading to evidence of poisoning but the cause of death was unclear.", "Q444021": "Richard Fortus (born November 17, 1966) is an American guitarist. He is best known as a member of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he has been a member since 2002, and with whom he has recorded one studio album. Fortus has also collaborated extensively with The Psychedelic Furs frontman Richard Butler and fellow Guns N' Roses bandmate Frank Ferrer. Aside from lead singer Axl Rose, and keyboardist Dizzy Reed, Fortus is the longest tenured member of Guns N' Roses, having been with the band continuously since 2002.\nAlongside his work in Guns N' Roses, Fortus is a former member of Love Spit Love, Thin Lizzy and The Dead Daisies.", "Q164674": "Stephen Poliakoff (born 1 December 1952) is a British playwright, director and scriptwriter.", "Q645393": "Willie Lee \"Big Eyes\" Smith (January 19, 1936 \u2013 September 16, 2011) was a Grammy Award-winning American electric blues vocalist, harmonica player, and drummer. He was best known for several stints with the Muddy Waters band beginning in the early 1960s.", "Q680971": "The Centro sperimentale di cinematografia (Experimental film centre or Italian National film school) was established in 1935 in Italy and aims to promote the art and technique of cinematography and film.\nIt is the oldest film school in Western Europe, founded in the city of Rome in 1935 during the Benito Mussolini era by his head of cinema Luigi Freddi, was and is still financed by the Italian government and focuses on education, research, publication and theory.\nThe center is the most important Italian institution for training, research and experimentation in the field of cinema, intended in its widest sense, of films, documentaries, fiction and animation.", "Q199909": "Karbala or Kerbala (Arabic: \u0643\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0621\u200e, romanized: Karbal\u0101\u02be [karba\u02c8la\u02d0\u0294], KAR-b\u0259-l\u0259, also US: KAR-b\u0259-LAH;) is a city in central Iraq, located about 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Baghdad, and a few dozen miles east of Lake Milh. Karbala is the capital of Karbala Governorate, and has an estimated population of 700,000 people (2015).\nThe city, best known as the location of the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE, or the shrines of Imam Husayn and Abbas, is considered a holy city for Shi'ite Muslims, in the same way as Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem. Tens of millions of Shi'ite Muslims visit the site twice a year, rivalling Mecca as a place of pilgrimage. The martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali is commemorated annually by millions of Shi'ites. Up to 8 million pilgrims visit the city to observe \u02bf\u0100sh\u016br\u0101\u02be (the tenth day of the month of Muharram), which marks the anniversary of Husayn's death, but the main event is the Arba\u02bf\u012bn (the 40th day after 'Ashura'), where up to 30 million visit the graves. Most of the pilgrims travel on foot from all around Iraq and more than 56 countries.", "Q164112": "Maruschka Detmers (born 16 December 1962, Schoonebeek) is a Dutch actress. She moved to France as a teenager, where she captured the attention of director Jean-Luc Godard. In 1983, she made her dramatic debut under Godard's direction in Pr\u00e9nom Carmen. Other noteworthy films include Hanna's War (1988) and The Mambo Kings (1992), but she is best known for her role in Devil in the Flesh (1986).", "Q295153": "Richard Stephen Sambora (born July 11, 1959) is an American rock guitarist, singer, songwriter and producer, best known as the lead guitarist of the rock band Bon Jovi for 30 years. Sambora and lead singer Jon Bon Jovi formed the main songwriting unit for the band. He has also released three solo albums: Stranger in This Town in 1991, Undiscovered Soul in 1998, and Aftermath of the Lowdown released in September 2012.In 2018, Sambora was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Bon Jovi, and reunited with his former bandmates for a performance at the induction ceremony.Sambora recently formed the duo RSO alongside Orianthi. Having released two EPs, the pair released their debut album Radio Free America in May 2018.", "Q363809": "Robert Carroll Nye (October 4, 1901 \u2013 March 17, 1974) was an American film actor. He appeared in 58 films between 1925 and 1944.", "Q102297": "Christoph Joseph Rudolf Dulon (April 30, 1807 \u2013 April 13, 1870) was a pastor of the Reformed Church (Calvinist) and a socialist agitator in Bremen; later he was an educator in the United States.", "Q229914": "Lyndsy Marie Fonseca (born January 7, 1987) is an American actress. She began her career by appearing as Colleen Carlton on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless, on which she starred between 2001 and 2005. Thereafter, she had a series of other recurring roles, including Penny Mosby on the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother, Donna on HBO's Big Love, and Dylan Mayfair on the fourth season of the ABC television series Desperate Housewives.\nFrom 2010 to 2013, Fonseca starred as Alex Udinov on The CW's Nikita and Angie Martinelli on ABC's Marvel's Agent Carter from 2015 to 2016. Fonseca has also appeared in a variety of film roles, including Jenny in Hot Tub Time Machine (2010) and Katie Deauxma in Kick-Ass (2010) and its 2013 sequel.", "Q83767": "The Blue Lagoon is a 1980 American adventure romantic survival drama film directed by Randal Kleiser from a screenplay written by Douglas Day Stewart based on the 1908 novel of the same name by Henry De Vere Stacpoole. The film stars Brooke Shields and Christopher Atkins. The music score was composed by Basil Poledouris and the cinematography was by N\u00e9stor Almendros.\nThe film tells the story of two young children marooned on a tropical island paradise in the South Pacific. With neither the guidance nor the restrictions of society, emotional and physical changes arise as they reach puberty and fall in love. The film contained substantial sexual content.\nThe Blue Lagoon was theatrically released on June 20, 1980 by Columbia Pictures. The film was panned by the critics, who disparaged its screenplay and execution and Shields's performance; however, Almendros's cinematography received praise. In spite of the criticism, the film was a commercial success, grossing over $58 million on a $4.5 million budget and becoming the ninth-highest-grossing film of 1980 in North America. The film was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film, Almendros received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography, and Atkins was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year \u2013 Actor. Shields won the inaugural Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress for her work in the film.", "Q3182799": "John Young (11 March 1811 \u2013 12 April 1878) was a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and a member of Parliament of the House of Commons of Canada.", "Q390759": "Comedown is a 2012 British urban horror film directed by Menhaj Huda, and written by Steven Kendall. Dubbed \"Kidulthood meets Saw\", the film stars Jacob Anderson, Adam Deacon and Geoff Bell in the lead roles.", "Q238819": "Jay Chou (born 18 January 1979) is a Taiwanese musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, film producer, actor, and director.\nIn 2000, Chou released his debut album, titled Jay (2000), under the record company Alfa Music. In 2001, Chou released his second album, titled Fantasy (2001), which combined western and eastern music style. Since then his music has gained recognition throughout Asia, most notably in regions such as Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Southeast Asia, Korea, Japan and in the Asian communities of Western countries such as the United States and Australia. He has sold more than 30 million albums and has received numerous awards for his musical works. Chou has also written songs for other artists whilst working on his albums. In 2003, he was the cover story of Time magazine (Asia version), titled New King of Asian Pop, acknowledging his influence on popular culture. He has since held six world tours, performing in cities around the world to more than 10 million people.Chou debuted his acting career in the film Initial D (2005); followed shortly by a starring role in the epic Curse of the Golden Flower (2006). He has since starred in a number of films, becoming known to western audiences when he made his Hollywood debut in 2011 with The Green Hornet, starring alongside Seth Rogen and Christoph Waltz. Chou also manages his own record and management company JVR Music. In 2016, he made an appearance in the Hollywood film Now You See Me 2.", "Q123259": "Abraham's Valley (Portuguese: Vale Abra\u00e3o) is a 1993 Portuguese-language drama film directed by Manoel de Oliveira, based on a novel by Agustina Bessa-Lu\u00eds. The film was selected as the Portuguese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 66th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.", "Q100480": "Peter Gloystein (born 25 November 1945 in Bremen, Germany) is a German banker and Christian Democratic Union party politician. His banking career was mainly with Commerzbank and BHF-Bank in Frankfurt. From September 2004 until May 2005 he was the Lord Mayor and Senator for Economics and Harbours, as well as Senator for Culture in the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, but he resigned following an incident in which he poured champagne over a homeless person. At present he works as a business consultant.", "Q87501": "Otto Gl\u00f6ckel (8 February 1874 in Pottendorf, Lower Austria \u2013 23 July 1935 in Vienna) social-democratic politician and school-reformer during the First Austrian Republic. First Minister of Education during the First Austrian Republic from April 1919 to October 1920.After training as a teacher, Gl\u00f6ckel started work as a teacher in Schmelz, Vienna. In 1894 he joined the Austrian Social Democratic Party.Otto Gl\u00f6ckel's Achievements:\n\nWomen were granted the right to enter university.\nReligious education was no longer compulsory (\"Gl\u00f6ckel Erlass\", 10th of April 1919)\nSchools started to be organized in a democratic way (introduction of form and school representatives (??))\nThe first comprehensive schools were established in AustriaGl\u00f6ckel developed a collaborative relationship with the Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum.", "Q347767": "Jerzy Andrzejewski (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u025b\u0290\u0268 and\u0290\u025b\u02c8j\u025bfsk\u02b2i]; 19 August 1909 \u2013 19 April 1983) was a prolific Polish author. His works confront controversial moral issues such as betrayal, the Jews and Auschwitz in the wartime. His novels, Ashes and Diamonds (about the immediate post-war situation in Poland), and Holy Week (treating the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising), have been made into film adaptations by the Oscar-winning Polish director Andrzej Wajda. Holy Week and Ashes and Diamonds have both been translated into English. His novel The Gates of Paradise was translated into English by James Kirkup and published by Panther Books with the anglicised spelling \"George Andrzeyevski\".\n\n", "Q3283359": "The Lake is a short 1954 novel by the Japanese writer Yasunari Kawabata. This book tells the story of a former schoolteacher named Gimpei Momoi.", "Q492467": "The University of Auckland (M\u0101ori: Te Whare W\u0101nanga o T\u0101maki Makaurau) is a public research university in Auckland, New Zealand. Established in 1883 as a constituent college of the University of New Zealand, the university is perennially ranked as the top academic institution in the country. Today, the University of Auckland is the largest university in New Zealand, hosting over 40,000 students on five Auckland campuses.\n\n", "Q297744": "Christopher Shannon \"Chris\" Penn (October 10, 1965 \u2013 January 24, 2006), was an American actor. He was typically cast as a tough character, featured as a villain or a working-class thug, or in a comic role and was known for his roles in such films as The Wild Life, Reservoir Dogs, The Funeral, Footloose, Rush Hour, Corky Romano, True Romance, Beethoven's 2nd, Short Cuts, The Boys Club, All the Right Moves, At Close Range, Pale Rider, and as ruthless corrupt cop Edward \"Eddie\" Pulaski in the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas.\nPenn was found dead in his condominium on January 24, 2006, at the age of 40. An autopsy revealed the primary cause for his death was \"nonspecific cardiomyopathy\" (heart disease).", "Q985592": "Perth Amboy is a city in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. The City of Perth Amboy is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 50,814, reflecting an increase of 3,511 (+7.4%) from the 47,303 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 5,336 (+12.7%) from the 41,967 counted in the 1990 Census. Perth Amboy has a Hispanic majority population. In the 2010 census, persons of \"Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin\" made up 78.1% of the population, the second-highest in the state, behind Union City at 84.7%. Perth Amboy is known as the \"City by the Bay\", referring to its location adjoining Raritan Bay.The earliest residents of the area were the Lenape Native Americans, who called the point on which the city lies \"Ompoge\". Perth Amboy was settled in 1683 by Scottish colonists and was called \"New Perth\" after James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth; the native name was eventually corrupted and the two names were merged. Perth Amboy was formed by Royal charter in 1718, and the New Jersey Legislature reaffirmed its status in 1784, after independence. The city was a capital of the Province of New Jersey from 1686 to 1776. During the mid-1800s, the Industrial Revolution and immigration grew the city, developing a variety of neighborhoods which residents from a diverse range of ethnicities lived in. The city developed into a resort town for the Raritan Bayshore near it, but the city has grown in other industries since its redevelopment starting from the 1990s.\nPerth Amboy borders the Arthur Kill and features a historic waterfront. The Perth Amboy Ferry Slip was once an important ferry slip in the area, and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The Raritan Yacht Club, one of the oldest yacht clubs in the United States, is located in the city. Perth Amboy is connected to the Staten Island borough of New York City via the Outerbridge Crossing.", "Q7232": "Emperor Yuan of Han (75 BC \u2013 8 July 33 BC) was an emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty. He reigned from 48 BC to 33 BC. Emperor Yuan promoted Confucianism as the official creed of the Chinese government. He appointed Confucius adherents to important government posts.\nHowever, at the same time that he was solidifying Confucianism's position as the official ideology, the empire's condition slowly deteriorated due to his indecisiveness, his inability to stop factional infighting between officials in his administration, and the trust he held in certain corrupt officials.", "Q1251466": "Dino Jelusi\u0107 (or Jelusick; born 4 June 1992) is a Croatian rock singer, musician, and songwriter. He is the founder, principal songwriter and lead singer of the progressive hard rock band Animal Drive which was formed in 2012 and since 2017 is signed by Frontiers Records. Besides working on several hard rock and metal band projects, since 2016 is a touring member of the acclaimed American rock band Trans-Siberian Orchestra. Jelusi\u0107 has also worked with Gus G., Mike Mangini, George Lynch, Will Hunt, Jeff Scott Soto, Steve Smyth, Jon Oliva, Kip Winger, John Macaluso, Deen Castronovo, Phil Demmel and others. He was the first winner of Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2003.", "Q126321": "Eisenstadt (German pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u026a\u032fzn\u0329\u0283tat]; Hungarian: Kismarton, Croatian: \u017deljezni grad, \u017deljezno, Slovene: \u017delezno) is a city in Austria, the state capital of Burgenland. It had a recorded population on 1 January 2018 of 14,476.\nIn the Habsburg Empire's Kingdom of Hungary, Kismarton (Eisenstadt) was the seat of the Eszterh\u00e1zy Hungarian noble family. The composer Joseph Haydn lived there as Hofkapellmeister under Esterh\u00e1zy patronage.", "Q75797": "Michael Maestlin (also M\u00e4stlin, M\u00f6stlin, or Moestlin) (30 September 1550 \u2013 26 October 1631) was a German astronomer and mathematician, known for being the mentor of Johannes Kepler. He was a student of Petrus Apianus and was known as the teacher who most influenced Kepler. Maestlin was considered to be one of the most significant astronomers between the time of Copernicus and Kepler.", "Q160374": "Saint Norbert of Xanten (c. 1075 \u2013 6 June 1134) (Xanten-Magdeburg), also known as Norbert Gennep, was a bishop of the Catholic Church, founder of the Premonstratensian order of canons regular, and is venerated as a saint.\n\n", "Q921542": "Michael Joseph Porcaro (May 29, 1955 \u2013 March 15, 2015) was an American bass player known for his work with Toto. He retired from touring in 2007 as a result of being diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).\nHe was the middle brother of Toto members Jeff Porcaro and Steve Porcaro. Their father is jazz drummer-percussionist Joe Porcaro.", "Q2070154": "Venus 5 (\u30bb\u30fc\u30e9\u30fc\u6226\u58eb\u00b7\u30d3\u30fc\u30ca\u30b9\u00b7\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30d6, Sailor Senshi Venus Five) is a hentai anime two-part series about five schoolgirls with supernatural powers who must defend the Earth from the Evil Inma Empire and their leader, Necros. It is a pornographic parody or rip-off of the Sailor Moon series, mostly in regards to the heroines and heroes.\nThe title was created and produced in Japan in 1994 and released in North America by Central Park Media's Anime 18 imprint. It is directed by Osamu Inoue and written by Wataru Amano (screenplay) and Jin Ara (creator). There are only two parts to the series: The first is \"The Inma Ball\" and the sequel is \"Labyrinth of the Inma\".", "Q194593": "Erin Sanders (born January 19, 1991) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Quinn Pensky on Zoey 101, Camille Roberts on Big Time Rush, and for portraying Eden Baldwin on The Young and the Restless in 2008. She appeared as Chris on ABC Family's Melissa and Joey and starred in the film Guilty at 17, which premiered on Lifetime.", "Q81170": "Oriel College () is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England. Located in Oriel Square, the college has the distinction of being the oldest royal foundation in Oxford (a title formerly claimed by University College, whose claim of being founded by King Alfred is no longer promoted). In recognition of this royal connection, the college has also been known as King's College and King's Hall. The reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (since 1952, Elizabeth II) is the official visitor of the college.The original medieval foundation set up in 1324 by Adam de Brome, under the patronage of Edward II, was called the House or Hall of the Blessed Mary at Oxford. The first design allowed for a provost and ten fellows, called \"scholars\", and the college remained a small body of graduate fellows until the 16th century, when it started to admit undergraduates. During the English Civil War, Oriel played host to high-ranking members of the King's Oxford Parliament.The main site of the college incorporates four medieval halls: Bedel Hall, St Mary Hall, St Martin Hall and Tackley's Inn, the last being the earliest property acquired by the college and the oldest standing medieval hall in Oxford. The college has nearly 40 fellows, about 300 undergraduates and some 250 graduates. Oriel was the last of Oxford's men's colleges to admit women in 1985, after more than six centuries as an all-male institution. Today, however, the student body has almost equal numbers of men and women.Oriel's notable alumni include two Nobel laureates; prominent fellows have included founders of the Oxford Movement. Among Oriel's more notable possessions are a painting by Bernard van Orley and three pieces of medieval silver plate.\nAs of 2019, the college's estimated financial endowment was \u00a388.3 million.\n\n", "Q223587": "Mansoura (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u200e Al Man\u1e63\u016bra, IPA: [el.m\u0251n\u02c8s\u02e4u\u02d0\u027e\u0251], rural: [el.m\u00e6n\u02c8s\u02e4u\u02d0\u027ee]) is a city in Egypt, with a population of 960,423. It is the capital of the Dakahlia Governorate.", "Q1452334": "For the New York politician, see Fred W. Hammond.Frederick William Hammond (born December 27, 1960) is a gospel singer, bass guitar player, and record producer.", "Q439784": "Natasha Maria Hamilton (born 17 July 1982) is an English singer-songwriter, dancer and occasional stage actress. She is a member of girl group Atomic Kitten. Hamilton has so far released 19 singles and three studio albums with the band including three number one singles, their biggest being the 2001 single \"Whole Again\". In 2004, Atomic Kitten announced they would be splitting to pursue solo careers; they reformed in 2005 and again in 2008. On 4 March 2012, Hamilton confirmed the trio would reform officially for the first time since 2004 to tour.", "Q168728": "Robert Lee Frost (March 26, 1874 \u2013 January 29, 1963) was an American poet. His work was initially published in England before it was published in America. Known for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American colloquial speech, Frost frequently wrote about settings from rural life in New England in the early twentieth century, using them to examine complex social and philosophical themes.\nFrost was honored frequently during his lifetime and is the only poet to receive four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry. He became one of America's rare \"public literary figures, almost an artistic institution.\" He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 1960 for his poetic works. On July 22, 1961, Frost was named poet laureate of Vermont.", "Q318263": "Sir Michael Scudamore Redgrave CBE (20 March 1908 \u2013 21 March 1985) was an English stage and film actor, director, manager, and author. He received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in Mourning Becomes Electra (1947), as well as two BAFTA Award for Best British Actor nominations for his performances in The Night My Number Came Up (1955) and Time Without Pity (1957).\nAt the 4th Cannes Film Festival, he won Best Actor for his performance in The Browning Version (1951).", "Q449277": "Clara Smith (c. 1894 \u2013 February 2, 1935) was an American classic female blues singer. She was billed as the \"Queen of the Moaners\", even though she had a lighter and sweeter voice than many of her contemporaries. She was not related to the singers Bessie Smith and Mamie Smith.", "Q100494": "Wilhelm Friedrich Loeper (13 October 1883 in Schwerin \u2013 23 October 1935 in Dessau) was a German Nazi politician and Gauleiter in the Gau of Magdeburg-Anhalt.", "Q384738": "\u014cban Star-Racers (\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30f3\u30fb\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30ec\u30fc\u30b5\u30fc\u30ba, \u014cban Sut\u0101 R\u0113s\u0101zu) is a French-Japanese anime series created by Savin Yeatman-Eiffel of Sav! The World Productions in association with multiple international companies. Originally produced as a short movie titled Molly Star Racer, a television series was developed in cooperation with Jetix Europe, with animation production by HAL Film Maker and Pumpkin 3D, a large portion of which was done in Tokyo, Japan. It aired in more than 100 countries including Japan. In the US, the series aired on ABC Family and Jetix/Toon Disney between June and December 2006.\nA potential sequel or spinoff is currently in development.", "Q243267": "Juliusz S\u0142owacki (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8julju\u0282 sw\u0254\u02c8vat\u0361ski]; French: Jules Slowacki; 4 September 1809 \u2013 3 April 1849) was a Polish Romantic poet. He is considered one of the \"Three Bards\" of Polish literature \u2014 a major figure in the Polish Romantic period, and the father of modern Polish drama. His works often feature elements of Slavic pagan traditions, Polish history, mysticism and orientalism. His style includes the employment of neologisms and irony. His primary genre was the drama, but he also wrote lyric poetry. His most popular works include the dramas Kordian and Balladyna and the poems Beniowski and Testament m\u00f3j.\nS\u0142owacki spent his youth in the \"Stolen Lands\", in Kremenets (Polish: Krzemieniec; now in Ukraine) and Vilnius (Polish: Wilno, in Lithuania). He briefly worked for the government of the Kingdom of Poland. During the November 1830 Uprising, he was a courier for the Polish revolutionary government. When the uprising ended in defeat, he found himself abroad and thereafter, like many compatriots, lived the life of an \u00e9migr\u00e9. He settled briefly in Paris, France, and later in Geneva, Switzerland. He also traveled through Italy, Greece and the Middle East. Eventually he returned to Paris, where he spent the last decade of his life. He briefly returned to Poland when another uprising broke out during the Spring of Nations (1848).", "Q166711": "Elephant Walk is a 1954 American drama film produced by Paramount Pictures, directed by William Dieterle, and starring Elizabeth Taylor, Dana Andrews, Peter Finch and Abraham Sofaer.\nIt is based upon the novel Elephant Walk by \"Robert Standish\", the pseudonym of the English novelist Digby George Gerahty (1898\u20131981).\nWith many sections filmed on location it features several true life insights into the operation of tea plantations and the tea-making process within factories. It also looks at native ceremonies and beliefs. Most of the story centres upon the Elephant Walk Bungalow and the production of Elephant Walk Tea.", "Q90069": "Axel Eugen Alexander von Oesterreich (22 June 1910 \u2013 6 September 1988), better known as Axel von Ambesser, was a German actor and film director.Ambesser's father was Alexander Constantin von Oesterreich. Ambesser was born in Hamburg and attended Wilhelm-Gymnasium. He appeared as a stage actor in the Hamburg Kammerspiele, and went on to play in the Stadttheater Augsburg, the M\u00fcnchner Kammerspiele, from 1937 the Deutsche Theater Berlin, from 1942 the Staatstheater Berlin, and the Theater in der Josefstadt in Vienna.", "Q961172": "Anthony \"Rebop\" Kwaku Baah (13 February 1944 \u2013 12 January 1983) was a Ghanaian percussionist who worked with the 1970s rock groups Traffic and Can.", "Q459064": "Madina Salamova, better known by the pseudonym Maria Amelie, is a Russian-born writer and blogger who lived as an illegal immigrant in Norway between 2002 and 2011. She was deported from Norway to Russia on 24 January 2011.She arrived in Finland together with her family in 2000 as asylum seekers. After being turned down for asylum there, they travelled to Norway and filed an application for asylum there in 2002. The application was turned down by Norwegian immigration authorities, and the appeal was turned down by the Norwegian Immigration Appeals Board in 2003. She and her family then filed a lawsuit, but the Oslo District Court found in favor of the decision of March 2004. After the verdict Maria Amelie and her family went into hiding.After writing the controversial book Ulovlig norsk (Illegally Norwegian) she was in 2010 named \"Norwegian of the year\" by the Norwegian news magazine Ny Tid, because of her contributions to the public debate on the political and social rights of undocumented immigrants in Norway. In 2011, she became the center of a political controversy when she was arrested outside the Nansen Academy after a speaking engagement, and denied asylum or residency on humanitarian grounds in Norway. The Oslo District Court originally remanded her into custody until her deportation, but she was released after appealing to Borgarting Appeals Court. The police appealed further to Supreme Court, but the Court rejected the appeal.The interest from the media after her arrest was extensive. In the first five days after she was arrested, more than 550 articles were written about her in print newspapers, and her name has been frequently mentioned in Norwegian television news broadcasts. Her Facebook support page has gained more than 88,000 supporters and the Norwegian Amnesty International has its own signature campaign for Maria Amelie that by 23 January 2011 had over 28,000 signatures.On 24 January 2011, Maria Amelie was deported from Norway to Russia.Two Icelandic politicians submitted a proposal to Al\u00feingi to give her Icelandic citizenship because of Norway's 'inhumane treatment' of her, an offer she has expressed great thankfulness for and which she has describes as a \"miracle\" and an act which \"warms her heart\".On 16 April 2011, Maria Amelie returned to Norway after having been granted a work permit.", "Q110687": "Aribert W\u00e4scher (1 December 1895 \u2013 14 December 1961) was a German film actor.", "Q1877273": "Lumnezia (Romansh, German: Lugnez) is a valley region and a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss of canton of Graub\u00fcnden. The former municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia. It covers the (Val) Lumnezia, a Swiss high alpine valley. Its upper regions are among the most remote areas in the Swiss Alps. The official language is Romansh Sursilvan.\nIn 1998, the village of Vrin was awarded the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage.", "Q22803": "Park Won-soon (Korean: \ubc15\uc6d0\uc21c; born 26 March 1956) is a South Korean lawyer who currently serves as the Mayor of Seoul. His nickname is Park Won-soong (Monkey Park). He received the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 2006.", "Q96418": "Hagen von Ortloff (born May 1949 in Zwickau) is a German TV presenter.", "Q203643": "James Abbott McNeill Whistler (; July 11, 1834 \u2013 July 17, 1903) was an American artist active during the American Gilded Age and based primarily in the United Kingdom. He was averse to sentimentality and moral allusion in painting, and a leading proponent of the credo \"art for art's sake\". His signature for his paintings took the shape of a stylized butterfly possessing a long stinger for a tail. The symbol combined both aspects of his personality: his art is marked by a subtle delicacy, while his public persona was combative. He found a parallel between painting and music and entitled many of his paintings \"arrangements\", \"harmonies\", and \"nocturnes\", emphasizing the primacy of tonal harmony. His most famous painting Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1 (1871), commonly known as Whistler's Mother, is a revered and often parodied portrait of motherhood. Whistler influenced the art world and the broader culture of his time with his theories and his friendships with leading artists and writers.", "Q64856": "Martin Sigismund Eduard von Simson (10 November 1810 \u2013 2 May 1899) was a German jurist and distinguished liberal politician of the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire, who served as President of the Frankfurt Parliament as well as the first President of the German Parliament and of the Imperial Court. He was ennobled by Frederick III in 1888.", "Q17279884": "Carlo Biotti (1901 \u2013 10 December 1977) was an Italian judge, the President of the Court of Milan and a Magistrate of the Supreme Court of Cassation. His forced recusal from the case brought by the widow of Giuseppe Pinelli against the police commissioner Luigi Calabresi in 1971 became a cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre.\nBiotti was the presiding judge in the case brought by the widow of Giuseppe Pinelli against the police commissioner Luigi Calabresi. Calabresi had led the investigation into the Piazza Fontana bombing. Pinelli died in mysterious circumstances during a police interrogation following the bombing. On 27 May 1971, Biotti was recused at the request of Calabresi's lawyer, who claimed that in a private conversation Biotti had admitted that for career reasons he had already formed an opinion on the case. It was a claim that Biotti vehemently denied. Calabresi's attorney sought the recusal when Biotti ordered that Pinelli's body be exhumed. Neither Biotti nor his two fellow judges were convinced that Pinelli had died from falling from the police station window. His forced recusal not only prevented the exhumation of Pinelli's body, but delayed the investigation for two years.Biotti fought for years to clear his name and in November 1974 was completely exonerated by the Court of Florence. He died three years later at the age of 76. In the 2012 film Piazza Fontana: The Italian Conspiracy, the character of Carlo Biotti is played by Bob Marchese.From 1964 Biotti was also a director of A.C. Milan.\n\n", "Q129006": "Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, (3 January 1883 \u2013 8 October 1967) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955. He was thrice Leader of the Opposition (1935\u20131940, 1945, 1951\u20131955).\nThe son of a London solicitor, Attlee was born into a middle-class family. After attending private schools and the University of Oxford, he practised as a barrister. The volunteer work he carried out in London's East End exposed him to poverty and his political views shifted leftwards thereafter. He joined the Independent Labour Party, gave up his legal career, and began lecturing at the London School of Economics. His work was interrupted by service as an officer in the First World War. In 1919, he became mayor of Stepney and in 1922 was elected Member of Parliament for Limehouse. Attlee served in the first Labour minority government led by Ramsay MacDonald in 1924, and then joined the Cabinet during MacDonald's second minority (1929\u20131931). After retaining his seat in Labour's landslide defeat of 1931, he became the party's Deputy Leader. Elected Leader of the Labour Party in 1935, and at first advocating pacificism and opposing re-armament, he became a critic of Neville Chamberlain's appeasement of Hitler and Mussolini in the lead-up to the Second World War. Attlee took Labour into the wartime coalition government in 1940 and served under Winston Churchill, initially as Lord Privy Seal and then as Deputy Prime Minister from 1942.After the end of the war, the coalition was dissolved and Attlee led Labour to a landslide victory at the 1945 general election, forming the first Labour majority government. His government's Keynesian approach to economic management aimed to maintain full employment, a mixed economy and a greatly enlarged system of social services provided by the state. To this end, it undertook the nationalisation of public utilities and major industries, and implemented wide-ranging social reforms, including the passing of the National Insurance Act 1946 and National Assistance Act, the foundation of the National Health Service (1948) and the enlargement of public subsidies for council house building. His government also reformed trade union legislation, working practices and children's services; it created the National Parks system, passed the New Towns Act 1946 and established the town and country planning system. \nIn foreign policy, Attlee delegated to Ernest Bevin, but oversaw the partition of India (1947), the independence of Burma and Ceylon, and the dissolution of the British mandates of Palestine and Transjordan. He and Bevin encouraged the United States to take a vigorous role in the Cold War; unable to afford military intervention in Greece, he called on Washington to counter Communists there, establishing the Truman Doctrine. He supported the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe with American money and, in 1949, promoted the NATO military alliance against the Soviet bloc. After leading Labour to a narrow victory at the 1950 general election, he sent British troops to fight in the Korean War.Attlee had inherited a country close to bankruptcy after the Second World War and beset by food, housing and resource shortages; despite his social reforms and economic programme, these problems persisted throughout his premiership, alongside recurrent currency crises and dependence on US aid. His party was narrowly defeated by the Conservatives in the 1951 general election, despite winning the most votes. He continued as Labour leader but retired after losing the 1955 election and was elevated to the House of Lords; he died in 1967. In public, he was modest and unassuming, but behind the scenes his depth of knowledge, quiet demeanour, objectivity and pragmatism proved decisive. Often rated as one of the greatest British prime ministers, Attlee's reputation among scholars has grown, thanks to his creation of the modern welfare state and involvement in building the coalition against Stalin in the Cold War. He remains the longest-serving Labour leader in British history.", "Q515508": "Frances-Marie Uitti (born 1948) is an American cellist and composer known for her use of extended techniques and performance of contemporary classical music. Tom Service, music critic for the Guardian newspaper, has called her \"arguably the world's most influentially experimental cellist.\"Stephen Brookes wrote in the Washington Post, \"The spectacularly gifted cellist Frances-Marie Uitti has made a career out of demolishing musical boundaries. She has developed new techniques (most famously, playing with two bows simultaneously), collaborated with a who's who of contemporary composers, and pushed the cello into realms of unexpected beauty and expression... Uitti showed why she might be the most interesting cellist on the planet.\"", "Q3665359": "Cesare Bortolotti (1950\u20131990) was an Italian entrepeuner that was president of Atalanta B.C from 1980 to 1990.", "Q450726": "Alzey (German pronunciation: [\u02c8altsa\u026a] (listen)) is a Verband-free town \u2013 one belonging to no Verbandsgemeinde \u2013 in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the fourth-largest town in Rhenish Hesse, after Mainz, Worms, and Bingen.\nAlzey is one of the Nibelungenst\u00e4dte \u2013 towns associated with the Nibelungenlied \u2013 because it is represented in this work by the character Volker von Alzey. Hence, Alzey is also known as Volkerstadt.", "Q873204": "The Lenkstein is a mountain in the Rieserferner group on the border between Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy.", "Q89538": "Otto Hans Adolf Gross (17 March 1877 \u2013 13 February 1920) was an Austrian psychoanalyst. A maverick early disciple of Sigmund Freud, he later became an anarchist and joined the utopian Ascona community. \nHis father Hans Gross was a judge turned pioneering criminologist. Otto initially collaborated with him, and then turned against his determinist ideas on character.A champion of an early form of anti-psychiatry and sexual liberation, he also developed an anarchist form of depth psychology (which rejected the civilising necessity of psychological repression proposed by Freud). He adopted a modified form of the proto-feminist and neo-pagan theories of Johann Jakob Bachofen, with which he attempted to return civilization to a 'golden age' of non-hierarchy. Gross was ostracized from the larger psychoanalytic movement, and was not included in histories of the psychoanalytic and psychiatric establishments. He died in poverty.\nGreatly influenced by the philosophy of Max Stirner and Friedrich Nietzsche and the political theories of Peter Kropotkin, he in turn influenced D. H. Lawrence (through Gross's affair with Frieda von Richthofen), Franz Kafka and other artists, including Franz Jung and other founders of Berlin Dada. His influence on psychology was more limited. Carl Jung claimed his entire worldview changed when he attempted to analyse Gross and partially had the tables turned on him.He became addicted to drugs in South America where he served as a naval doctor. He was hospitalized several times for drug addiction, sometimes losing his guardianship of himself to his father in the process. As a Bohemian drug user from youth, as well as an advocate of free love, he is sometimes credited as a founding grandfather of 20th-century counterculture.", "Q230289": "Maria Pilar Canals-Barrera (n\u00e9e Canals; born September 28, 1966) is an American actress. Canals-Barrera co-starred in a number of short-lived sitcoms and has appeared in several films. \nShe is best known for her role as Theresa Russo in the Disney Channel family sitcom Wizards of Waverly Place (2007\u20132013). She also played the role of Connie Torres in Camp Rock (2008) and Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam (2010) and co-starred as Lala Pinedo in Larry Crowne (2011). From 2014-15, Canals-Barrera starred as Daniela in the ABC comedy series Cristela.\nShe is known as Shayera Hol/Hawkgirl in Justice League and Justice League Unlimited. She also voiced Sunset Boulevardez in the Disney Channel show The Proud Family and Paulina in the Nickelodeon show Danny Phantom.", "Q241470": "C\u00e9cile Tormay (October 8, 1876 in Budapest \u2013 April 2, 1937 in M\u00e1trah\u00e1za) was a Hungarian writer, intellectual, right-wing political activist, feminist, literary translator, and social theorist.\nShe was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature two times, in 1936 and 1937, by 5 different nominators.", "Q18553": "Axelle Lemaire (born 18 October 1974) is a French former Socialist politician who served as a Deputy for the Third constituency for French overseas residents in the National Assembly of the French Parliament, for which she was elected in 2012.In May 2014, Prime Minister Manuel Valls appointed her to the French Finance Ministry as minister responsible for Digital Affairs.\nIn February 2017, she resigned from her ministry to run unsuccessfully for a second deputy mandate.", "Q164106": "P\u00e9ter Esterh\u00e1zy (14 April 1950 \u2013 14 July 2016) was a Hungarian writer. He was one of the best known Hungarian and Central European writers of his era. He has been called a \"leading figure of 20th century Hungarian literature\", his books being considered to be significant contributions to postwar literature.\n\n", "Q174315": "Aisling O'Sullivan Tralee, County Kerry) is an Irish actress.", "Q95111": "Norman Rae Taurog (February 23, 1899 \u2013 April 7, 1981) was an American film director and screenwriter. From 1920 to 1968, Taurog directed 180 films. At the age of 32, he received the Academy Award for Best Director for Skippy (1931). He is the second youngest person ever to win the award after Damien Chazelle, who won for La La Land in 2017. He was later nominated for Best Director for the film Boys Town (1938). He directed some of the best-known actors of the twentieth century, including his nephew Jackie Cooper, Spencer Tracy, Mickey Rooney, Judy Garland, Deanna Durbin, Fred Astaire, Gene Kelly, Deborah Kerr, Peter Lawford, Dean Martin, Jerry Lewis, and Elvis Presley. Taurog directed six Martin and Lewis films, and nine Elvis Presley films, more than any other director. For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Norman Taurog has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1600 Vine Street.", "Q112090": "August Becker (c. 1810\u20131875) was a German political activist, politician, and journalist. Becker was a member of the legislature of the German state of Hesse. In his later years he emigrated to the United States of America, where he worked as a journalist until the time of his death.", "Q57244": "Paul Hindemith (; 16 November 1895 \u2013 28 December 1963) was a prolific German composer, violist, violinist, teacher and conductor. In the 1920s, he became a major advocate of the Neue Sachlichkeit (new objectivity) style of music. Notable compositions include his song cycle Das Marienleben (1923), Der Schwanendreher for viola and orchestra (1935), and opera Mathis der Maler (1938). Hindemith's most popular work, both on record and in the concert hall, is likely the Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber, written in 1943.", "Q221384": "Black Hawk Down is a 2001 war film produced and directed by Ridley Scott, from a screenplay by Ken Nolan. It is based on the 1999 non-fiction book of the same name by journalist Mark Bowden, about the U.S. military's 1993 raid in Mogadishu. The film features a large ensemble cast, including Josh Hartnett, Ewan McGregor, Eric Bana, Tom Sizemore, William Fichtner, Sam Shepard, and Tom Hardy in his first film role.\nBlack Hawk Down won two Academy Awards for Best Film Editing and Best Sound Mixing at the 74th Academy Awards. In 2006, an extended cut of the film was released on DVD. The cut contains an additional eight minutes of footage, increasing the running time to 152 minutes. This extended cut was released on Blu-ray and in 4K on May 7, 2019.", "Q549505": "Walter Spies (15 September 1895 \u2013 19 January 1942) was a Russian-born German primitivist painter, composer, musicologist, and curator. In 1923 he moved to Java, Indonesia. He lived in Yogyakarta and then in Ubud, Bali starting from 1927. He is often credited with attracting the attention of Western cultural figures to Balinese culture and art in the 1930s and he influenced the direction of Balinese art and Balinese drama.\nMexican artist and anthropologist Miguel Covarrubias, who lived and researched in Bali with his wife Rose at that time, wrote: \"Walter Spies, Bali's most famous resident, was the son of a German diplomat in Moskow at the outbreak of the World War. Spies was already well known in Europe as a painter in 1923. (...). As fine a musician as he was a painter (...), after the war he ran away from disorganized Europe to the East until he reached Java, where he was called by the Sultan of Djokjakarta to organize and lead a Western orchestra. He lived for years in the Sultan's court learning their music. Then one day he went to Bali on a visit and has remained there ever since\".Covarrubias and Spies became very close. Covarrubias wrote about his friend: \"The months went by as Rose and I roamed all over the island with Spies, watching strange ceremonies, enjoying their music, listening to fantastic tales, camping in the wilds of West Bali or on the coral reefs of Sanur. Walter loved to collect velvety dragonflies, strange spiders and sea-slugs, not in a naturalist's box, but in minutely accurate drawings. For days at a time he would be in his tent drawing them, because once dead, their beautiful colors disappeared. He was temperamental when he went into seclusion to paint, he would work incessantly for months on one of his rare canvases. (...). He also painted dreamlike landscapes in which every branch and every leaf is carefully painted, done with the love of a Persian miniaturist, a Cranach, a Breughel or a Douanier Rousseau\".\nThe knowledge of every aspect of Balinese culture that Spies provided for Covarrubias' research was well-acknowledged by the latter. \"In his charming devil-may-care way, Spies was familiar with every phase of Balinese life and was the constant source of disinterested information to every archaeologist, anthropologist, musician or artist who has come to Bali. His assistance was given generously and without expecting even the reward of credit\". \"Spies was the first to appreciate and record Balinese music, he collected every pattern of Balinese art, contributed to Dutch scientific journals -the Dutch were the colonial power in Bali since 30 years earlier-, he created the Bali Museum of which he was the curator, and built a splendid aquarium\".\nIn 1937, Spies built what he described as a \"mountain hut\" at Iseh in Karangasem. Spies was the co-founder of the Pita Maha artists cooperative, through which he shaped the development of modern Balinese art and established the Westerner's image of Bali that still exists today.\nAfter living for nine years at the confluence of two rivers in Campuan (Ubud), Spies grew weary of his increasingly hectic social life, and retired to the tranquil mountain retreat that was to become the setting of some of his most beautiful and atmospheric paintings, including \"Iseh im Morgenlicht 1938\" Despite his desire to escape from a constant stream of visitors, Spies still used to receive guests at Iseh, including the musician Colin McPhee and his wife, anthropologist Jane Belo, the Swiss artist Theo Meier and the Austrian novelist Vicki Baum. Vicki Baum accredits Walter Spies with providing her the factual historical information and details on Balinese culture for her historical fiction novel \"Love and Death in Bali\" - dealing with the Dutch intervention in Bali (1906), and first published in German in 1937.\nIn December 1938, Spies was arrested as part of a crackdown on homosexuals. With the influence of people such as Margaret Mead, he was released in September 1939.\nSpies was a paedophile, according to Australian documentary maker Kerry Negara. A reviewer of the novel Island of Demons, which is loosely based on Spies' life, has suggested that Spies' portrayal of an artistic paradise concealed predatory and exploitative relationships with young Balinese men. As a German national in the Dutch East Indies during World War II, Spies was arrested and deported. However, a Japanese bomb hit the ship that was carrying him to Ceylon, and because the crew had the order not to evacuate the Germans, most of the prisoners on the ship, including Spies, drowned.\nThe novel \"All the Lives We Never Lived\" by Anuradha Roy (2018, ATRIA Books of Simon & Schuster) weaves Walter Spies into the plot by name and historic persona. Spies interacts with the plot's fabricated heroine, Gayatri, in fictional episodes. There are also recognizable real events in the novel, including his imprisonment and death at sea. Roy gives him a sympathetic portrayal.\n\n", "Q40738": "Bursa is a large city in Turkey, located in northwestern Anatolia, within the Marmara Region. The fourth most populous city in Turkey and second most populous in Marmara Region, Bursa functions as one of the industrial and trade centres of Turkey (especially in regard to the automotive industry). The city is also the capital of Bursa Province.\nBursa (Ottoman Turkish: \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u200e) was the first major and second overall capital of the Ottoman State between 1335 and 1363. The city was referred to as H\u00fcdavendigar (\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631, from the Persian name translated as \"God's gift\") during the Ottoman period, while a more recent nickname is Ye\u015fil Bursa (\"Green Bursa\") in reference to the parks and gardens located across its urban fabric, as well as to the vast and richly varied forests of the surrounding region. Mount Uluda\u011f, the ancient Mysian Olympus, towers over it, and has a well-known ski resort. Bursa has rather orderly urban growth and borders a fertile plain. The mausoleums of the early Ottoman sultans are located in Bursa, and the city's main landmarks include numerous edifices built throughout the Ottoman period. Bursa also has thermal baths, old Ottoman mansions, palaces, and several museums.\nThe shadow-play characters Karag\u00f6z and Hacivat are based on historic personalities who lived and died in Bursa (in the 14th century). The city is also known for \u0130skender kebap, pideli k\u00f6fte, cant\u0131k, marron glac\u00e9 and Bursa peaches. Bursa houses the Uluda\u011f University, and its population can claim one of the highest overall levels of education in Turkey. The historic towns of \u0130znik (Nicaea), Zeytinba\u011f\u0131 (Tirilye) are near the centrum.\nAs of 2015 Bursa had a population of 1,854,285, and Bursa Province had 2,842,000 inhabitants.", "Q1825253": "Lillyn Brown (born Lillian Thomas; April 24, 1885 \u2013 June 8, 1969), sometimes credited as Lillyan Brown, was an American singer, vaudeville entertainer and teacher who claimed to have been \"the first professional vocalist to sing the blues in front of the public\", in 1908. She was billed as \"The Kate Smith of Harlem\" and \"The Original Gay 90's Gal\".", "Q1494213": "Henry Frederick Lippitt (October 12, 1856 \u2013 December 28, 1933) was a member of the prominent Lippitt family, which made its fortune in the textile business, and served as United States Senator from Rhode Island.", "Q77194": "Jakub Bart-\u0106i\u0161inski (20 August 1856 in Kuckau \u2013 16 October 1909 in Panschwitz), also known as \u0141u\u017ei\u010dan, Jakub Bart Kukowski, was Sorbian poet, writer and playwright, translator of Czech, Polish, Italian and German literature. He produced his works in Upper Sorbian. He is also an inventor of modern Upper Sorbian poetic language. He has been described as \"the classical writer of Sorbian literature.\"As a Sorbian writer, he felt that writing the Sorbian language and using it for literature and for education would be important for preserving the vitality and distinctiveness of Sorbian culture. But he also realized that it was a double-edged sword, in that education would reduce the isolation of Sorbian culture, making it more vulnerable to outside (mostly German) influence.", "Q201054": "The International Maritime Organization (IMO) (French: Organisation Maritime Internationale (OMI)), known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) until 1982, is a specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shipping. The IMO was established following agreement at a UN conference held in Geneva in 1948 and the IMO came into existence ten years later, meeting for the first time in 1959. Headquartered in London, United Kingdom, the IMO currently has 174 member states and three associate members.The IMO's primary purpose is to develop and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping and its remit today includes safety, environmental concerns, legal matters, technical co-operation, maritime security and the efficiency of shipping. IMO is governed by an assembly of members and is financially administered by a council of members elected from the assembly. The work of IMO is conducted through five committees and these are supported by technical subcommittees. Other UN organisations may observe the proceedings of the IMO. Observer status is granted to qualified non-governmental organisations.\nIMO is supported by a permanent secretariat of employees who are representative of the organisation's members. The secretariat is composed of a Secretary-General who is periodically elected by the assembly, and various divisions such as those for marine safety, environmental protection and a conference section.", "Q58177": "Fawzi Salloukh (born 1931) is a Lebanese politician, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 19 July 2005 to 2009.", "Q700817": "Ash Ra Tempel was a German krautrock group active from 1970 to 1976, Manuel G\u00f6ttsching's first prominent musical output. Ash Ra Tempel featured revolving members. G\u00f6ttsching retired the use of the Ash Ra Tempel name after he became the sole remaining member. His first solo album Inventions for Electric Guitar was the last album to bear the Ash Ra Tempel name. G\u00f6ttsching later used the name Ashra for his solo output as an homage to his former group. Ashra eventually evolved into a full band and continued along with G\u00f6ttsching until 1998.", "Q347": "Liechtenstein ( (listen) LIK-t\u0259n-styne; German: [\u02c8l\u026a\u00e7tn\u0329\u0283ta\u026an]), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (German: F\u00fcrstentum Liechtenstein), is a German-speaking microstate situated in the Alps and in the southwest of Central Europe. The principality is a semi-constitutional monarchy headed by the Prince of Liechtenstein; the Prince's extensive powers are equivalent to those of a President in a semi-presidential system.\nLiechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north. It is Europe's fourth-smallest country, with an area of just over 160 square kilometres (62 square miles) and a population of 38,557. Divided into 11 municipalities, its capital is Vaduz, and its largest municipality is Schaan. It is also the smallest country to border two countries. Liechtenstein is one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world, along with Uzbekistan.\nEconomically, Liechtenstein has one of the highest gross domestic products per person in the world when adjusted for purchasing power parity. It was once known as a billionaire tax haven, but is no longer on any blacklists of uncooperative tax haven countries.\nAn Alpine country, Liechtenstein is mountainous, making it a winter sport destination. The country has a strong financial sector centered in Vaduz. Liechtenstein is a member of the United Nations, the European Free Trade Association, and the Council of Europe, and although not a member of the European Union, it participates in both the Schengen Area and the European Economic Area. It also has a customs union and a monetary union with Switzerland.", "Q231197": "Jaime Elizabeth Pressly (born July 30, 1977) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Joy Turner on the NBC sitcom My Name Is Earl, for which she was nominated for two Emmy Awards (winning one) as well as a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award. She has also appeared in films such as Poison Ivy: The New Seduction (1997), Joe Dirt (2001), DOA: Dead or Alive (2006), and I Love You, Man (2009). She currently portrays Jill Kendall in the television series Mom.", "Q48364": "Tatyana Nikolayevna Savicheva (Russian: \u0422\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430), commonly referred to as Tanya Savicheva (23 January 1930 \u2013 1 July 1944) was a Russian child diarist who endured the Siege of Leningrad during World War II. During the siege, Savicheva recorded the successive deaths of each member of her family in her diary, with her final entry indicating her belief to be the sole living family member. Although Savicheva was rescued and transferred to a hospital, she succumbed to intestinal tuberculosis in July 1944 at age 14.\nSavicheva's image and the pages from her diary became symbolic of the human cost of the Siege of Leningrad and she is remembered in St. Petersburg with a memorial complex on the Green Belt of Glory along the Road of Life. Her diary was used during the Nuremberg Trials as the evidence of the Nazis\u2019 crimes.", "Q258647": "Il Postino: The Postman (Italian: Il postino, lit. ''The Postman''; the title used for the original US release) is a 1994 comedy-drama film co-written by and starring Massimo Troisi and directed by English filmmaker Michael Radford. Based on the novel Ardiente paciencia (English translation: \"Burning Patience\") by Antonio Sk\u00e1rmeta, itself adapted from a 1983 film written and directed by Sk\u00e1rmeta, the film tells a fictional story in which the real life Chilean poet Pablo Neruda forms a relationship with a simple Procida postman (Troisi) who learns to love poetry. The cast includes Troisi, Philippe Noiret, and Maria Grazia Cucinotta. The screenplay was adapted by Radford, Troisi, Anna Pavignano, Furio Scarpelli, and Giacomo Scarpelli.\nWriter/star Troisi was severely ill during filming, postponing heart surgery so it could be completed. The day after principal photography ended, he suffered a fatal heart attack, and the film was completed and released posthumously. The film was critically acclaimed, earning numerous accolades including BAFTA Awards for Best Film Not in the English Language, Best Direction, and Best Film Music. Composer Luis Bacalov won the Academy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score, and the film was nominated for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Adapted Screenplay.", "Q443982": "Inga Swenson (born December 29, 1932; Omaha, Nebraska) is an American actress.", "Q837320": "The University of Havana or UH (in Spanish, Universidad de La Habana) is a university located in the Vedado district of Havana, the capital of the Republic of Cuba. Founded on January 5, 1728, the university is the oldest in Cuba, but not one of the first to be founded in the Americas (the National University of San Marcos in Lima was founded in 1551). Originally a religious institution, today the University of Havana has 15 faculties (colleges) at its Havana campus and distance learning centers throughout Cuba.", "Q201732": "Robert von Ranke Graves (24 July 1895 \u2013 7 December 1985) was a British poet, historical novelist, critic, and classicist. His father was Alfred Perceval Graves, a celebrated Irish poet and figure in the Gaelic revival; they were both Celticists and students of Irish mythology. Graves produced more than 140 works. Graves's poems\u2014together with his translations and innovative analysis and interpretations of the Greek myths; his memoir of his early life, including his role in World War I, Good-Bye to All That; and his speculative study of poetic inspiration, The White Goddess\u2014have never been out of print.He earned his living from writing, particularly popular historical novels such as I, Claudius; King Jesus; The Golden Fleece; and Count Belisarius. He also was a prominent translator of Classical Latin and Ancient Greek texts; his versions of The Twelve Caesars and The Golden Ass remain popular for their clarity and entertaining style. Graves was awarded the 1934 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for both I, Claudius and Claudius the God.", "Q355411": "Luca Turilli (born 5 March 1972) is an Italian musician (primarily a guitarist) and songwriter. He is one of the founders of the symphonic power metal band Rhapsody of Fire. He also worked on a trilogy of solo albums as Luca Turilli, and released one album under the name of Luca Turilli's Dreamquest, a project he worked on alongside Dominique Leurquin. In 2008, Luca began an online guitar course titled Luca Turilli's Neoclassical Revelation. The course takes its name from his neoclassical playing style.On every Rhapsody of Fire album, Luca is the only lyricist and composes all the music with the keyboardist, Alex Staropoli (except for Il Canto del Vento written, lyrics and music, by the vocalist, Fabio Lione) and plays most of the lead guitars. He composes all the music for both his solo projects. He plays guitars on his solo trilogy and keyboards with Luca Turilli's Dreamquest featuring Dominique Leurquin as the guitarist.\nOn August 2011, Turilli and Staropoli proceeded to a friendly split. Alex agreed to go on as Rhapsody of Fire, while Luca decided to move on as Luca Turilli's Rhapsody, adding his name on top of the logo because of trademark reasons and old legal settlements and stopping definitely the Luca Turilli band.\nFrom November 2016 to March 2018, Turilli with his former bandmates Fabio Lione and Alex Holzwarth after their departures from Rhapsody of Fire, celebrated the 20th anniversary of Rhapsody's Symphony of Enchanted Lands album for the 20th Anniversary Farewell Tour.\nIn December 2018, it was announced that Turilli, Lione and former members of Rhapsody of Fire would be re-joining to record new material under the name \"Turilli / Lione Rhapsody\".", "Q180294": "Jaffa, in Hebrew Yafo (Hebrew: \u200e\u05d9\u05b8\u05e4\u05d5\u05b9\u200e\u200e, Y\u0101f\u014d ) and in Arabic Yafa (Arabic: \u064a\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064e\u0627\u200e) and also called Japho or Joppa, the southern and oldest part of Tel Aviv\u2013Yafo, is an ancient port city in Israel. Jaffa is famous for its association with the biblical stories of Jonah, Solomon and Saint Peter as well as the mythological story of Andromeda and Perseus, and later for its oranges.", "Q41340": "Katherine LaNasa (born December 1, 1966) is an American actress, former ballet dancer and choreographer. She starred in films Jayne Mansfield's Car, The Campaign and The Frozen Ground. On television, LaNasa had a leading role in the NBC sitcom Three Sisters (2001\u20132002), appeared in recurring roles on Judging Amy, Two and a Half Men, Big Love and Longmire, and also starred in the short-lived dramas Love Monkey (2006), Deception (2013), Satisfaction (2014-15) and Imposters (2017-18). Since 2020, LaNasa portrays Gloria Grandbilt in the musical dramedy series Katy Keene.", "Q540521": "Duncan Duane Hunter (born December 7, 1976) is an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative for California's 50th congressional district from 2013 to 2020. He is a member of the Republican Party, and was first elected to the House in 2008. This district, numbered as the 52nd from 2009 to 2013, covers much of northern and inland San Diego County and a sliver of Riverside County, including the cities of El Cajon, Escondido, San Marcos, Santee and Temecula. He served in the U.S. Marines from 2001 through 2005 and succeeded his father, Republican Duncan Lee Hunter, a member of Congress from 1981 to 2009.\nIn 2017, the Department of Justice began a criminal investigation of Hunter for alleged campaign finance violations. In August 2018, Hunter and his wife, Margaret Jankowski, were indicted on charges including conspiracy, wire fraud, and violating campaign finance laws. In June 2019, Jankowski pleaded guilty to corruption and named him as a co-conspirator in using campaign funds for personal expenses. Also in June 2019, federal prosecutors showed that from 2009 to 2016, Hunter had spent campaign funds on extramarital affairs with five women, including lobbyists and congressional staff. In December 2019, Hunter changed his plea to guilty on one count of misusing campaign funds. On January 7, 2020, he submitted letters of resignation to House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and California Governor Gavin Newsom, that took effect on January 13, 2020. On March 17, 2020, Hunter was sentenced to 11 months in prison.", "Q241316": "Enjott Schneider (born Norbert J\u00fcrgen Schneider 25 May 1950 in Weil am Rhein) is a German businessman, composer, musicologist, and music educator. He is best known as the chairman of the board of the German collecting society GEMA.\nAs a composer he is known for his film work, having won the Bavarian Film Award for Best Film Score in 1990, the Filmband in Gold in 1991, and the Deutscher Fernsehpreis in 2007, the latter for his work on March of Millions. \nHe composed the soundtrack for the German language movie Stalingrad.\n\nHe has also composed a good deal of concert music, and occasional pieces as well.", "Q963003": "Robert Thurston (\"Bob\") Dart (3 September 1921 \u2013 6 March 1971), was an English musicologist, conductor and keyboard player. From 1964 until his death he was Professor of Music at King's College London.", "Q259559": "Susan Saint James (born Susan Jane Miller; August 14, 1946) is an American actress and activist, most widely known for her work in television during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, especially the detective series McMillan & Wife (1971\u20131976) and the sitcom Kate & Allie (1984\u20131989).", "Q85464": "Hermann Simon (born 10 February 1947) is a German author and business leader. He is chairman of Simon-Kucher & Partners, Strategy & Marketing Consultants. He is an expert in strategy, marketing and pricing. An ongoing online survey (in German language countries) voted him the most influential management thinker after Peter Drucker. Simon has authored numerous books and writes articles for international newspapers and business magazines.\n\n", "Q255363": "Starship Entertainment (Korean: \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc27d \uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8) is a South Korean entertainment company established in 2008 by founder Kim Shi Dae.\nThe label is home to K-Pop artists such as K.Will, Soyou, OG School Project, Jooyoung, Monsta X, Cravity, Wonho, Yoo Seung-woo, Brother Su, Cosmic Girls, #Gun, Mind U, Duetto, Jeong Se-woon, and formerly to Sistar, Boyfriend, Junggigo, and Mad Clown. It also manages the actors Choi Won-myeong, Dasom and Kang Eun-ah. It operates in three main locations and is staffed with approximately 200 employees, funded by both commercial investors and its parent company, Kakao M.", "Q329914": "Mark Atkins is an Australian Aboriginal musician known for his skill on the didgeridoo, a traditional instrument.\nMark Atkins is also a storyteller, songwriter, composer and painter. He descends from the Yamatji people of Western Australia. He was the 1990 winner of the Golden Didjeridu competition. He has worked with Robert Plant and Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin, Hothouse Flowers, Marlene Cummins, Philip Glass, The Black Arm Band and the London Philharmonic Orchestra, among others.\nIn 2001 he collaborated with Wurundjeri elder Joy Murphy Wandin and composer Philip Glass in the concert work Voices, performed at the Melbourne Town Hall and New York's Lincoln Center. The composition was commissioned by the City of Melbourne to relaunch the Melbourne Town Hall Organ.Mark was profiled in the television documentary \"Yamatji Man\" in 2003.\n\n", "Q296328": "David Wenham (born 21 September 1965) is an Australian actor who has appeared in movies, television series and theatre productions. He is known in Hollywood for his roles as Faramir in The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, Carl in Van Helsing, Dilios in 300 and its sequel 300: Rise of an Empire, Al Parker in Top of the Lake, and Lieutenant John Scarfield in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales. He is known in his native Australia for his role as Diver Dan in SeaChange.", "Q234789": "44 Inch Chest is a 2009 British crime comedy-drama film directed by Malcolm Venville in his directorial debut. The film stars Ray Winstone, Ian McShane, John Hurt, Tom Wilkinson, Stephen Dillane and Joanne Whalley. The film was released on 19 October 2009.\nIt was originally written for the stage in 1996 by Louis Mellis and David Scinto, who went on to write Sexy Beast before the script was adapted for film in 2009. The film was produced by Richard Brown and Steve Golin (Babel, Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind), and featured cinematography by Daniel Landin. The score is a collaboration between Angelo Badalamenti and Massive Attack.\n\n", "Q723770": "Tracy G (born Tracy Grijalva on January 3, 1959 in Whittier, California) is an American heavy metal guitarist best known for his time with Dio from 1993 to 1999.", "Q126453": "Montju\u00efc Cemetery, known in Catalan as Cementiri del Sud-oest or Cementiri de Montju\u00efc, is located on one of the rocky slopes of Montju\u00efc hill in Barcelona.", "Q13360": "Reggio nell'Emilia (US: , Italian: [\u02c8redd\u0292o nelle\u02c8mi\u02d0lja; \u02c8r\u025bdd\u0292o -] (listen); Emilian: R\u00e8z; Latin: Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia or colloquially Reggio by its inhabitants, is a city in northern Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region. It has about 171,944 inhabitants and is the main comune (municipality) of the Province of Reggio Emilia.\nThe inhabitants of Reggio nell'Emilia are called Reggiani, while the inhabitants of Reggio di Calabria, in the southwest of the country, are called Reggini.\nThe old town has a hexagonal form, which derives from the ancient walls, and the main buildings are from the 16th\u201317th centuries. The commune's territory lies entirely on a plain, crossed by the Crostolo stream.", "Q21284874": "Njideka Akunyili Crosby (born 1983) is a Nigerian-born visual artist working in Los Angeles, California. Akunyili Crosby's art \"negotiates the cultural terrain between her adopted home in America and her native Nigeria, creating collage and photo transfer-based paintings that expose the challenges of occupying these two worlds\". In 2017, Akunyili Crosby was awarded the prestigious Genius Grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.", "Q8673": "Lagos (; Yoruba: \u00c8k\u00f3) is the largest city in the Nigerian state of the same name and in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa. It is one of the fastest growing cities in the world and one of the most populous urban areas. Lagos is a major financial centre in Africa; the megacity has the fourth-highest GDP in Africa and houses one of the largest and busiest seaports on the continent.Lagos initially emerged as a port city that originated on a collection of islands, which are contained in the present day Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Lagos Island, Eti-Osa, Amuwo-Odofin and Apapa. The islands are separated by creeks, fringing the southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon, while being protected from the Atlantic Ocean by barrier islands and long sand spits such as Bar Beach, which stretch up to 100 km (62 mi) east and west of the mouth. Due to rapid urbanization, the city expanded to the west of the lagoon to include areas in the present day Lagos Mainland, Ajeromi-Ifelodun and Surulere. This led to the classification of Lagos into two main areas: the Island, which was the initial city of Lagos, before it expanded into the area known as the Mainland. This city area was governed directly by the Federal Government through the Lagos City Council, until the creation of Lagos State in 1967, which led to the splitting of Lagos city into the present day seven Local Government Areas (LGAs), and an addition of other towns (which now make up 13 LGAs) from the then Western Region to form the state.Lagos, the capital of Nigeria since its amalgamation in 1914, went on to become the capital of Lagos State after its creation. However, the state capital was later moved to Ikeja in 1976, and the federal capital moved to Abuja in 1991. Even though Lagos is still widely referred to as a city, the present day Lagos, also known as \"Metropolitan Lagos\", and officially as \"Lagos Metropolitan Area\" is an urban agglomeration or conurbation, consisting of 16 LGAs including Ikeja, the state capital of Lagos State. This conurbation makes up 37% of Lagos State's total land area, but houses about 85% of the state's total population.The exact population of Metropolitan Lagos is disputed. In the 2006 federal census data, the conurbation had a population of about 8 million people. However, the figure was disputed by the Lagos State Government, which later released its own population data, putting the population of Lagos Metropolitan Area at approximately 16 million. As of 2015, unofficial figures put the population of \"Greater Metropolitan Lagos\", which includes Lagos and its surrounding metro area, extending as far as into Ogun State, at approximately 21 million.", "Q311253": "Harlan Jay Ellison (May 27, 1934 \u2013 June 28, 2018) was an American writer, known for his prolific and influential work in New Wave speculative fiction, and for his outspoken, combative personality. Robert Bloch, the author of Psycho, described Ellison as \"the only living organism I know whose natural habitat is hot water\".His published works include more than 1,700 short stories, novellas, screenplays, comic book scripts, teleplays, essays, and a wide range of criticism covering literature, film, television, and print media. Some of his best-known work includes the Star Trek episode \"The City on the Edge of Forever\", his A Boy and His Dog cycle, and his short stories \"I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream\" and \"'Repent, Harlequin!' Said the Ticktockman\". He was also editor and anthologist for Dangerous Visions (1967) and Again, Dangerous Visions (1972). Ellison won numerous awards, including multiple Hugos, Nebulas, and Edgars.", "Q183945": "A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performer's music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many, varying roles during the recording process. They may gather musical ideas for the project, collaborate with the artists to select cover tunes or original songs by the artist/group, work with artists and help them to improve their songs, lyrics or arrangements.\nA producer may also:\n\nSelect session musicians to play rhythm section accompaniment parts or solos\nCo-write\nPropose changes to the song arrangements\nCoach the singers and musicians in the studioThe producer typically supervises the entire process from preproduction, through to the sound recording and mixing stages, and, in some cases, all the way to the audio mastering stage. The producer may perform these roles themselves, or help select the engineer, and provide suggestions to the engineer. The producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record label's budget.", "Q1989813": "Nightmares & Dreamscapes: From the Stories of Stephen King is an eight-episode anthology series on TNT based on short stories written by Stephen King. It debuted on July 12, 2006, and ended its run on August 2, 2006. Although most of them are from the collection of the same name, there are some stories from different collections by King. A trailer confirming a DVD release of the series was made available in October 2006. The series was filmed entirely in Melbourne, Australia.", "Q798680": "Matt Fink, better known as Dr. Fink from Prince and the Revolution, is a keyboardist, producer, and songwriter. He has worked with artists, songwriters and producers, including The Time, Lipps Inc., The Jets, Vanity 6, David Z. Bobby Z. P. Diddy, The Rembrandts, Phil Solem, PC Munoz, 7 Aurelius, Steve Nathan, Shock G, Kris Vanderheyden and Marc Mozart. Fink has won 3 Grammys and 2 American Music Awards for his work.\n\n", "Q88140": "Rudolf Walther-Fein (1875\u20131933) was an Austrian film director of the Silent and early sound era. He directed the first full sound film to be released in Germany It's You I Have Loved in 1929.", "Q1295430": "Se\u00e1n Desmond Potts (5 October 1930 \u2013 11 February 2014) was an Irish musician. Born in The Liberties, Dublin, he was best known for his tin whistle playing and his long history with The Chieftains (from 1962 to 1979).", "Q3173947": "Jean Peyrelevade (born 24 October 1939) is a senior French center-left politician and business leader.", "Q136873": "The Dent de Ruth is a mountain in the Bernese Alps in Switzerland. The summit is the tripoint between the cantons of Vaud, Berne and Fribourg.", "Q170826": "The Irish (Irish: Muintir na h\u00c9ireann or Na h\u00c9ireannaigh) are a nation and ethnic group native to the island of Ireland, who share a common Irish ancestry, identity and culture. Ireland has been inhabited for about 12,500 years according to archaeological studies (see Prehistoric Ireland). For most of Ireland's recorded history, the Irish have been primarily a Gaelic people (see Gaelic Ireland). From the 9th century, small numbers of Vikings settled in Ireland, becoming the Norse-Gaels. Anglo-Normans conquered parts of Ireland in the 12th century, while England's 16th/17th-century (re)conquest and colonisation of Ireland brought many English and Lowland Scots people to parts of the island, especially the north. Today, Ireland is made up of the Republic of Ireland (an independent state) and the smaller Northern Ireland (a part of the United Kingdom). The people of Northern Ireland hold various national identities including British, Irish, Northern Irish or some combination thereof.\nThe Irish have their own customs, language, music, dance, sports, cuisine and mythology. Although Irish (Gaeilge) was their main language in the past, today most Irish people speak English as their first language. Historically, the Irish nation was made up of kin groups or clans, and the Irish also had their own religion, law code, alphabet and style of dress.There have been many notable Irish people throughout history. After Ireland's conversion to Christianity, Irish missionaries and scholars exerted great influence on Western Europe, and the Irish came to be seen as a nation of \"saints and scholars\". The 6th-century Irish monk and missionary Columbanus is regarded as one of the \"fathers of Europe\", followed by saints Cillian and Fergal. The scientist Robert Boyle is considered the \"father of chemistry\", and Robert Mallet one of the \"fathers of seismology\". Famous Irish writers include Oscar Wilde, W. B. Yeats, Samuel Beckett, George Bernard Shaw, Bram Stoker, James Joyce, C.S. Lewis and Seamus Heaney. Notable Irish explorers include Brendan the Navigator, Sir Robert McClure, Sir Alexander Armstrong, Sir Ernest Shackleton and Tom Crean. By some accounts, the first European child born in North America had Irish descent on both sides. Many presidents of the United States have had some Irish ancestry.\nThe population of Ireland is about 6.3 million, but it is estimated that 50 to 80 million people around the world have Irish forebears, making the Irish diaspora one of the largest of any nation. Historically, emigration from Ireland has been the result of conflict, famine and economic issues. People of Irish descent are found mainly in English-speaking countries, especially Great Britain, the United States, Canada and Australia. There are also significant numbers in Argentina, Mexico, New Zealand and Brazil. The United States has the most people of Irish descent, while in Australia those of Irish descent are a higher percentage of the population than in any other country outside Ireland. Many Icelanders have Irish and Scottish Gaelic forebears.", "Q1634784": "Craig Michael Jones (born February 11, 1972), also known by his nickname \"133\", is an American heavy metal musician. Born in Des Moines, Iowa, he is best known as the sampler and keyboardist in Slipknot, in which he chose #5. Jones joined the band in 1996 shortly after the recording of Mate. Feed. Kill. Repeat., replacing Donnie Steele on guitar, although he quickly moved onto the role of sampler. Following the departure of Joey Jordison in 2013, Jones is now the second-longest-serving member of Slipknot.", "Q87298": "Ernst Wilhelm Julius Bornemann (April 12, 1915 \u2013 June 4, 1995), also known by his self-chosen anglicisation Ernest Borneman, was a German crime writer, filmmaker, anthropologist, ethnomusicologist, psychoanalyst, sexologist, communist agitator, jazz musician and critic. All these diverse interests, he claimed, had a common root in his lifelong insatiable curiosity. From 1982 to 1986 he was president of the German Society for Social-Scientific Sexuality Research. In 1990 he was awarded the Magnus Hirschfeld Medal for sexual science. From the 1990s onwards, he has been criticized for having made a contribution to the sexualisation of children through passages in his work advocating for sexual intercourse between children and adults.", "Q350582": "Adam Osborne (March 6, 1939 \u2013 March 18, 2003) was a Thailand-born British-American author, book and software publisher, and computer designer who founded several companies in the United States and elsewhere. He introduced the Osborne 1, the first commercially successful portable computer.", "Q502921": "Bad Wiessee is a municipality in the district of Miesbach in Upper Bavaria in Germany. Since 1922, it has been a spa town and located on the western shore of the Tegernsee Lake. It had a population of around 4800 inhabitants in 2014. The word \"Bad\" means \"spa\" or \"baths\", while \"Wiessee\" derives from \"Westsee\", meaning \"western part of the lake\". Bad Wiessee was first documented in 1017 in the tax book of the Tegernsee Abbey, encouraged to pay goods to the abbey.\n\nBad Wiessee is known for its healing sulfur-fountain, discovered by the Dutch oil explorer Adriaan Stoop in 1909 while he was drilling for oil. He built the first iodine sulfur bath in 1912 after oil production had been exhausted. People spend their holidays in Bad Wiessee because of its quiet atmosphere and its location at the north side of the Alps.Tourism is one of the main sources of income for the population of Bad Wiessee. Although spa tourism has declined in the last decades, Bad Wiessee is still very popular for its casino and with wealthy people, many of them buying a second home or condo to spend their holidays or retirement there. The hotels, shops and restaurants cater for the medium-price-category traveller but traditional B&B and reasonable priced accommodations are still available all year round.\nBad Wiessee became notorious as the scene of the key events linked to the Night of the Long Knives, 30 June 1934, when Adolf Hitler and the Schutzstaffel (SS) purged the leadership of the Sturmabteilung (SA), many of whom were staying at the resort, in the Hotel Hanselbauer. The key leaders Ernst R\u00f6hm, Anton von Hohberg und Buchwald, Karl Ernst, Edmund Heines and Peter von Heydebreck were arrested and taken to Stadelheim Prison where they were later executed.\nBad Wiessee was also the retirement home, in 1939\u20131945, of Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, author of \"The Hitler oath\". Field Marshal Kesselring is interred in the Bergfriedhof Cemetery in Bad Wiessee.", "Q713658": "Louis Adamic (Slovene: Alojz Adami\u010d) (23 March 1898 \u2013 4 September 1951) was a Slovene-American author and translator, mostly known for writing about and advocating for ethnic diversity of America.\n\n", "Q253921": "An export in international trade is a good or service produced in one country that is sold into another country. The seller of such goods and services is an exporter; the foreign buyer is an importer.Export of goods often requires the involvement of customs authorities. From the buyer's point of view an export is an import.", "Q262524": "Janine Turner (born Janine Loraine Gauntt; December 6, 1962) is an American actress best known for her roles as Maggie O'Connell in the television series Northern Exposure, as Jessie Deighan in the feature film Cliffhanger, and as Katie McCoy in Friday Night Lights. She is an author, public speaker and founder and co-chair of Constituting America 2010.", "Q984115": "Alain Johannes Mociulski (born May 2, 1962) is a Chilean-American multi-instrumentalist and vocalist, whose primary instruments are guitar and bass. He is a founding member of several bands, including the alternative rock group Eleven, and has been involved with acts such as hard rock band Queens of the Stone Age, Them Crooked Vultures, PJ Harvey, Chris Cornell, Arctic Monkeys, Mark Lanegan and The Desert Sessions, both as a musician and as a producer.\nAlain Johannes is nephew of Chilean nueva ola musician Peter Rock.He was born in Santiago de Chile.", "Q183776": "Leo I (Latin: Flavius Valerius Leo Augustus; 401 \u2013 18 January 474) was Eastern Roman Emperor from 457 to 474. A native of Dacia Aureliana near historic Thrace, he was known as Leo the Thracian (Greek: \u039b\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u0391' \u1f41 \u0398\u03c1\u1fb7\u03be Le\u014dn ho Thrax).\nRuling the Eastern Empire for nearly 20 years, Leo proved to be a capable ruler. He oversaw many ambitious political and military plans, aimed mostly at aiding the faltering Western Roman Empire and recovering its former territories. He is notable for being the first Eastern Emperor to legislate in Koine Greek rather than Late Latin.He is commemorated as a Saint in the Orthodox Church, with his feast day on 20 January.", "Q568246": "Shady Records is an American record label founded in 1999 by rapper Eminem and his manager Paul Rosenberg, after the highly successful release of Eminem's The Slim Shady LP. Both serve as the label's presidents.\nSince its formation, Shady has signed twelve acts and is currently home to four. It has also been part of the business venture in Shade 45 radio station via Sirius Satellite Radio, and had its own dedicated special edition magazine via XXL magazine. Tough times were seen when Eminem, along with the artists were involved in very public feuds with one-time former affiliate Royce da 5'9\", Murder Inc. and The Source magazine.\nShady has also seen positive times when being part of the successful international Anger Management tours and, in 2006, released an album showcasing its then-roster on Eminem Presents: The Re-Up. It was also Shady to be contracted for putting together the soundtrack to the Eminem-starring film 8 Mile, which had the lead single \"Lose Yourself\". The song went on to be the first ever song in the hip hop genre to receive an Academy Award for Best Original Song.\nShady's acts over the years have earned RIAA certifications of gold or higher on 12 of its 21 released albums (excluding Eminem's solo releases). Signed acts include Eminem, Bad Meets Evil, Griselda and Boogie, while former acts include D12, Obie Trice, 50 Cent, Stat Quo, Bobby Creekwater, Cashis, Slaughterhouse and Yelawolf.", "Q806116": "Banaras Hindu University (Hindi: [ka\u0283i hind\u032au vi\u0283v\u0259vid\u032ayal\u0259y], BHU), formerly Central Hindu College, is a public central university located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. It was established in 1916 by Madan Mohan Malaviya, with co-operation from Annie Besant. With over 30,000 students residing in campus, it is the largest residential university in Asia.The university's main campus spread over 1,300 acres (5.3 km2) was built on land donated by the Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh, the hereditary ruler of Banaras (\"Kashi\" being an alternative name for Banaras or Varanasi). The south campus, spread over 2,700 acres (11 km2), hosts the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Agriculture Science Centre) and is located in Barkachha in Mirzapur district, about 60 km (37 mi) from Banaras.BHU is organised into 6 institutes and 14 faculties (streams) and about 140 departments. As of 2017, the total student enrolment at the university is 27,359 coming from 48 countries. It has over 75 hostels for resident students. Several of its faculties and institutes include arts (FA - BHU), commerce (Faculty of Commerce, Banaras Hindu University), management studies (Institute of Management Studies Banaras Hindu University|I.M.St. - BHU), science (I.Sc. - BHU), performing arts (FPA-BHU), law (FL-BHU), agricultural science (Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University|I.A.S. - BHU), medical science (Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University|I.M.S. - BHU) and environment and sustainable development (Institute of Environment And Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University|I.E.S.D. - BHU) along with departments of linguistics, journalism & mass communication, among others. The university's engineering institute was designated as an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT BHU) in June 2012.\nBHU celebrated its centenary year in 2015-2016. The Centenary Year Celebration Cell organised various programs including cultural programs, feasts, competitions and Mahamana Madan Mohan Malviya Birth Anniversary on 25 December 2015.", "Q66714": "Niederhelfenschwil is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q58822": "Friedrich Gustav Maximilian Schreck (6 September 1879 \u2013 20 February 1936), known professionally as Max Schreck, was a German actor, best known for his lead role as the vampire Count Orlok in the film Nosferatu (1922).", "Q312969": "Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; 7 February 1906 \u2013 4 April 1984) was a prominent Soviet aircraft designer, and the first chief of Antonov - a world-famous aircraft company in Ukraine, later named in his honour.\nAntonov was personally responsible for designing a number of very successful Soviet airplanes (such as the Antonov An-12) and gliders for both civilian and military use.", "Q230504": "Rhona Natasha Mitra is an English actress, model and singer.\nMitra began her career as a model. She came to prominence as the Lara Croft model between 1997 and 1998. After completing her stint as Lara Croft, she concentrated on acting and is known for her roles as Holly Marie Begins on the sixth season of Party of Five (1999\u20132000); as Tara Wilson on the final season of The Practice (2003\u20132004) and the first and second seasons of Boston Legal (2004\u20132005); as Detective Kit McGraw on the third season of Nip/Tuck (2005); in the lead role of the science fiction/action film Doomsday as Major Eden Sinclair (2008); as Sonja in Underworld: Rise of the Lycans (2009); as Major Rachel Dalton on the second and third seasons of Strike Back (2012\u20132013); as Dr. Rachel Scott in the first two seasons of The Last Ship (2014\u20132015); as an assassin in the Netflix film Game Over, Man! (2018); and as Mercy Graves in The CW series Supergirl (2018). She also had a major role in Ali G Indahouse (2002).", "Q372045": "Sunny Lane (born March 2, 1980) is an American pornographic actress and nude model.", "Q115072": "Alfr\u00e9d Meissner (April 10, 1871 \u2013 September 29, 1950), was a Czechoslovak politician and member of the Social Democratic Party in the First Czechoslovak Republic. He was elected to the National Assembly and served twice as Minister of Justice and twice as Minister of Social Welfare of the republic. Following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia during the Second World War, he was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp. He survived the Holocaust, and after the war he returned to Prague where he died at the age of 79.", "Q1360888": "Jean Richard (18 April 1921 \u2013 12 December 2001) was a French actor, comedian, and circus entrepreneur. He is best remembered for his role as Georges Simenon's Maigret in the eponymous French television series, which he played for more than twenty years, and for his circus activities.Richard was born in Bessines, Deux-Sevres. In the 1970s\u20131980s, he owned and managed three major circuses, two theme parks near Paris, La Mer de Sable and La Vall\u00e9e des Peaux-Rouges, and a private zoo in his property of Ermenonville, Oise. He died in Senlis, aged", "Q1631824": "Howard Hollis \"Bo\" Callaway Sr. (April 2, 1927 \u2013 March 15, 2014) was an American politician and businessman from the state of Georgia. He worked with his family to develop what is now Callaway Gardens in Pine Mountain, Georgia and owned Crested Butte ski resort in Colorado.", "Q374434": "The Glass Menagerie is a 1950 American drama film directed by Irving Rapper. The screenplay by Tennessee Williams and Peter Berneis is based on the 1944 Williams play of the same title. It was the first of his plays to be adapted for the screen.", "Q29003": "Jiamusi (Chinese: \u4f73\u6728\u65af [\u02cct\u0255i\u00e1.m\u00fb.s\u00ed]; formerly Kiamusze) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. Located along the middle and lower reaches of the Songhua River, it faces Russia's Khabarovsk Krai across the Ussuri River and the Heilongjiang. In 2018, Jiamusi had a GDP of RMB 101.2 billion with a 4.3% growth rate.\nJiamusi had a total population of 2.333 million at the 2018 census, of which 1.24 million lived in the urban area and 1.09 million lived in the rural area.", "Q719413": "David Heinemeier Hansson (born 15 October 1979) is a Danish programmer, racing driver and the creator of the popular Ruby on Rails web development framework and the Instiki wiki. He is also a partner at the web-based software development firm Basecamp. \nHansson co-wrote Agile Web Development with Rails with Dave Thomas in 2005 as part of The Facets of Ruby Series. He also co-wrote Getting Real, Rework, Remote, and It Doesn't Have to Be Crazy at Work with Jason Fried.", "Q122806": "Hartmut Becker (born 6 May 1948 in Berlin) is a German actor. He played Sgt. Gustav Wagner (1911\u20131980) in Escape From Sobibor in 1987. He also starred in the 1970 film o.k, which was also entered into the 20th Berlin International Film Festival. However, the competition was cancelled and no prizes were awarded, over controversy surrounding the film. After O.K. Hartmut Becker was one of Germany\u2019s busiest actors in film and theatre (at the State Theatres of Munich and Berlin he performed leading characters in plays from Shakespeare to Tennessee Williams). More important main parts in films followed like in Verhoeven's He Who Loves in a Glass House (International Film Festival Berlin 1971), When Mother Went on Strike, John Ralling (TV), Mitgift, Audienz (TV), Sonntagskinder.\nHis first leading part in an English language production Mr. Becker performed in the BBC-film Forgive our foolish ways, where he played the role of a German prisoner of war next to Kate Nelligan. The television film became a very big success all over the world. Hartmut's following international film was the American-English production Jenny's War (Columbia Pictures) where he portrayed the main part of Karl Koenig, a character in the crucial test between love and war. His partners in this film where Dyan Cannon, Elke Sommer and Trevor Howard. For his widely praised performance in the following American production Escape from Sobibor (director: Jack Gold, also starring Alan Arkin and Rutger Hauer) Hartmut had been nominated for an Emmy Award 1988. In his next \"Festival-Film\" The Tenth One in Hiding (Festival International du Film Cannes 1989) Hartmut Becker worked together with director Lina Wertm\u00fcller. His female partner in this feature film was Dominique Sanda.\nSeveral dream parts followed after the success of The Tenth One in Hiding, for example the characters Niels Jost in A Quiet Conspiracy (Channel 4; director: John Gorrie; also starring Joss Ackland), Rauscher in the American Film Triumph of the Spirit (director: Robert M. Young; with Willem Dafoe, Robert Loggia), Lutz in the English-French Television Film Free Frenchmen (also starring Derek de Lint, Agnes Soral, directed by Jim Goddard), Moritz in the English-Austrian feature film Gavre Princip by Peter Patzak, King Christian in Young Catherine (American TV; with a.o. Venessa Redgrave, Julia Ormond, Marthe Keller, Maximilian Schell; director: Michael Anderson), Rusty in the Italian TV-film Requiem per Voce e Pianoforte (RAI DUE), and last not least Dieter Krause in the English TV-thriller The Waiting Time (ITV 1999; director: Stuart Orme). His last leading in a German feature films of the last years were The Unforgotten, Montag kommen die Fenster/Windows will drive on Monday (International Filmfestival Berlin), The Gift and Amatores Meae Matris.\nBetween 2007 and 2012 Hartmut Becker was a member in the committee of the German Academy of Film (Deutsche Filmakademie). \nAs a songwriter and singer his first single was produced in 2013.", "Q236613": "Martha Wainwright (born May 8, 1976) is a Canadian-American folk-rock singer-songwriter. She is the daughter of American folk singer and actor Loudon Wainwright III and Canadian folk singer-songwriter Kate McGarrigle. She was raised in a musical family along with her older brother, Rufus Wainwright, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.", "Q433530": "Miriam Seegar Whelan (September 1, 1907 \u2013 January 2, 2011) was an American actress in silent film and early sound films.", "Q260455": "Clare Elizabeth Kramer (born September 3, 1974) is an American actress best known for her starring role as the big bad Glory in the 2000-2001 season of Buffy the Vampire Slayer and for her role as Courtney in Bring It On. She is a co-founder of GeekNation and hosts the podcast Take Five with Clare Kramer.", "Q1320512": "Frederic Wilhelm C.J. Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m (born 8 January 1987), known professionally as Freddie Stroma, is a British actor and model, best known for playing Cormac McLaggen in the Harry Potter film series and Luke in the 2011 musical comedy film A Cinderella Story: Once Upon a Song. He starred as Adam Cromwell on the dramedy series Unreal, which premiered on Lifetime in June 2015. He starred as Brit Vayner in the 2016 Michael Bay war film, 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi. In 2016, he played H.G. Wells in the ABC series Time After Time.\nHe has been married to his Unreal co-star Johanna Braddy since 2016.", "Q709166": "Sir Arthur Dudley Dobson (9 September 1841 \u2013 5 March 1934) was a pioneer surveyor, engineer and explorer. Born in London, he came to Lyttelton, New Zealand in 1850 on one of the First Four Ships. He is best known for taking the first party of Europeans over Arthur's Pass.", "Q173491": "The Tamil people, also known as Tamilar, Thamizhar (Tamil: \u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bb0\u0bcd, tami\u1e93har (singular) ? [t\u032aami\u027ba\u027e], or Tamil: \u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, tami\u1e93arka\u1e37 (plural) ? [t\u032aami\u027ba\u027exa\u026d]), or simply Tamils (), are a Dravidian group which speaks natively the Tamil language and trace their ancestry to Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka. Tamils constitute 5.9% of the population in India (concentrated mainly in Tamil Nadu), 15% in Sri Lanka, 6% in Mauritius, 7% in Malaysia and 5% in Singapore. Tamils, with a population of around 76 million and with a documented history stretching back over 2,000 years, are one of the largest and oldest extant ethnolinguistic groups in the modern world.From the 4th century BC onwards, urbanisation and mercantile activity along the western and eastern coasts of what is today Kerala and Tamil Nadu led to the development of four large Tamil political states, the Cheras, Cholas, Pandyas and Pallavas and a number of smaller states, all of whom were warring amongst themselves for dominance. The Jaffna Kingdom, inhabited by Sri Lankan Tamils, was once one of the strongest kingdoms of Sri Lanka, and controlled much of the north of the island.Tamils were noted for their influence on regional trade throughout the Indian Ocean. Artifacts marking the presence of Roman traders show direct trade was active between Rome and southern India, and the Pandyas were recorded as having sent at least two embassies directly to Emperor Augustus in Rome. The Pandyas and Cholas were historically active in Sri Lanka. The Chola dynasty successfully invaded several areas in southeast Asia, including the powerful Srivijaya and the Malay city-state of Kedah. Medieval Tamil guilds and trading organizations like the Ayyavole and Manigramam played an important role in Southeast Asian trading networks. Pallava traders and religious leaders travelled to Southeast Asia and played an important role in the cultural Indianisation of the region. Scripts brought by Tamil traders to Southeast Asia, like the Grantha and Pallava scripts, induced the development of many Southeast Asian scripts such as Khmer, Javanese Kawi script, Baybayin and Thai.\nThe Tamil language is one of the world's longest-surviving classical languages, with a history dating back to 300 BCE. Tamil literature is dominated by poetry, especially Sangam literature, which is composed of poems composed between 300 BCE and 300 CE. The most important Tamil author was the poet and philosopher Thiruvalluvar, who wrote the Tirukku\u1e5ba\u1e37, a group of treatises on ethics, politics, love and morality widely considered the greatest work of Tamil literature. Tamil visual art is dominated by stylised Temple architecture in major centres and the productions of images of deities in stone and bronze. Chola bronzes, especially the Nataraja sculptures of the Chola period, have become notable symbols of Hinduism. A major part of Tamil performing arts is its classical form of dance, the Bharatanatyam, whereas the popular forms are known as Koothu. Classical Tamil music is dominated by the Carnatic genre, while gaana and dappan koothu are also popular genres.\nAlthough most Tamil people are Hindus, many (especially those in the rural areas) practice what is considered to be Dravidian folk religion, venerating a plethora of village deities, while a sizeable number are Muslims and Christians. A small Jain community survives from the classical period as well. Tamil cuisine is informed by varied vegetarian and non-vegetarian items usually spiced with locally available spices. The music, the temple architecture and the stylised sculptures favoured by the Tamil people as in their ancient nation are still being learnt and practised. English historian and broadcaster Michael Wood called the Tamils the last surviving classical civilisation on Earth, because the Tamils have preserved substantial elements of their past regarding belief, culture, music and literature despite the influence of globalization.", "Q92695": "Philippe Flajolet (French: [fla\u0292\u0254l\u025b]; 1 December 1948 \u2013 22 March 2011) was a French computer scientist.", "Q69341": "Volker Bouffier (born 18 December 1951) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Since 31 August 2010 he has been Minister President of the German state of Hesse. From 1 November 2014 until 31 October 2015 he was President of the Bundesrat and ex officio deputy to the President of Germany. He has been chairman of CDU in Hesse since July 2010. From 1999 to 2010, he was minister of interior and sports in the state of Hesse. Bouffier is a lawyer by profession. Because of his participation in state government, he is the longest serving Member of the Bundesrat, representing Hesse since 1999.", "Q187276": "Au revoir les enfants (French pronunciation: \u200b[o \u0281\u0259.vwa\u0281 le z\u0251\u0303.f\u0251\u0303], meaning \"Goodbye, Children\") is an autobiographical 1987 film written, produced and directed by Louis Malle. The film won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival.", "Q134902": "Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England, with an area of 36 square miles (93 km2). Together with the neighbouring boroughs of Newcastle-under-Lyme and Staffordshire Moorlands, it is part of North Staffordshire. In 2016, the city had a population of 261,302. It is the largest settlement in all of Staffordshire.\nStoke is polycentric, having been formed by the federation of six towns in 1910. It took its name from Stoke-upon-Trent where the main centre of government and the principal railway station in the district were located. Hanley is the primary commercial centre. The other four towns are Burslem, Tunstall, Longton, and Fenton.\nStoke-on-Trent is the home of the pottery industry in England and is commonly known as the Potteries, with the local residents known as Potters. Formerly a primarily industrial conurbation, it is now a centre for service industries and distribution centres.", "Q353935": "Edward Roscoe Murrow (born Egbert Roscoe Murrow; April 25, 1908 \u2013 April 27, 1965) was an American broadcast journalist and war correspondent. He first gained prominence during World War II with a series of live radio broadcasts from Europe for the news division of CBS. During the war he recruited and worked closely with a team of war correspondents who came to be known as the Murrow Boys.\nA pioneer of radio and television news broadcasting, Murrow produced a series of reports on his television program See It Now which helped lead to the censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy. Fellow journalists Eric Sevareid, Ed Bliss, Bill Downs, Dan Rather, and Alexander Kendrick consider Murrow one of journalism's greatest figures, noting his honesty and integrity in delivering the news.", "Q271558": "Linda Caroline Sundblad (born 5 July 1981, in Lidk\u00f6ping) is a Swedish female singer, actress and model.\n\n", "Q166922": "Michael Gerard Bauer (born 1955 in Brisbane) was an Australian English teacher but is now a full-time children's and young adult author.\n\n", "Q88815": "Ady Berber (4 February 1913 \u2013 3 January 1966) was an Austrian film actor, professional wrestler and caf\u00e9 owner. He appeared in 38 films between 1936 and 1966. He was born and died in Vienna, Austria.", "Q120977": "Guerino Mazzola (born 1947) is a Swiss mathematician, musicologist, jazz pianist as well as book writer.", "Q62214": "Gerhard Stoltenberg (September 29, 1928 \u2013 November 23, 2001) was a German politician (CDU) and minister in the cabinets of Ludwig Erhard, Kurt Georg Kiesinger and Helmut Kohl. He served as minister-president of the German state (Land) of Schleswig-Holstein from 1971 to 1982 and as such as President of the Bundesrat in 1977/78.", "Q72007": "Lennart Poettering (born October 15, 1980) is a German software engineer who created PulseAudio, Avahi, and systemd.", "Q97935": "Ludwig Scharf (2 February 1864, at Meckenheim (Pfalz), then Kingdom of Bavaria - August 21, 1939, near Kaposv\u00e1r, then Kingdom of Hungary) was a German lyricist and translator.\nScharf grew up and went to school in Blieskastel, later in Zweibr\u00fccken. After his Abitur in 1884, he went to Munich to study natural sciences, philology and law, but never graduated. However, he became one of the most famous figures of Munich and German language modern literature, publishing his poems in magazines such as Jugend, Pan, and Simplicissimus.\nWriting in the style of naturalism, his most famous collection of poems is \"Lieder eines Menschen\", published in 1892.\nIn the 1910s, he moved to Patosfa Castle near Kaposv\u00e1r, in Somogy County, Southwest Hungary, owned by his wife, painter and writer Ella Somsich. He died there on the eve of the outbreak of the Second World War, in the summer of 1939.", "Q64665": "Birsfelden (Swiss German: Birsf\u00e4lde) is a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q108023": "Elfriede Paul (* 14 January 1900 in Cologne; \u2020 30 August 1981 in Ahrenshoop) was a German physician. Paul, a small and energetic women, was most notable for being a communist member of the anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Gestapo. Paul was one of the few members of the Red Orchestra Group to survive imprisonment or execution at the hands of the Gestapo. After the war she became an important person in drawing up health policy for the peoples of the German Democratic Republic.", "Q5171560": "The New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS or Ag School) is a statutory college located on the Cornell University campus in Ithaca, New York. With enrollment of approximately 3,100 undergraduate and 1,000 graduate students, CALS is the third-largest college of its kind in the United States and the second-largest undergraduate college on the Cornell campus.\nEstablished as a Land-grant college, CALS administrates New York's cooperative extension program jointly with the College of Human Ecology. CALS runs the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, New York, and the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, as well as other research facilities in New York.In 2007-08, CALS total budget (excluding the Geneva Station) is $283 million, with $96 million coming from tuition and $52 million coming from state appropriations. The Geneva Station budget was an additional $25 million.", "Q2537765": "Wadham College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. It is located in the centre of Oxford, at the intersection of Broad Street and Parks Road.\nWadham College was founded in 1610 by Dorothy Wadham, according to the will of her late husband Nicholas Wadham (1531\u20131609), a member of an ancient Devon and Somerset family.\nThe central buildings, a notable example of Jacobean architecture, were designed by the architect William Arnold and erected between 1610 and 1613. They include a large and ornate Hall. Adjacent to the central buildings are the Wadham Gardens.\nAmongst Wadham's most famous alumni is Sir Christopher Wren. Wren was one of a brilliant group of experimental scientists at Oxford in the 1650s, the Oxford Philosophical Club, which included Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke. This group held regular meetings at Wadham College under the guidance of the warden, John Wilkins, and the group formed the nucleus which went on to found the Royal Society.\nWadham is a liberal and progressive college which aims to maintain the diversity of its student body and a friendly atmosphere. Founded as a men's college, in 1974 it was among the first become coeducational, and the college has a strong reputation as a promoter of gay rights. In 2011 it became the first Oxford college to fly the rainbow flag as part of queer week, a celebration of sexual diversity and individuality.Wadham is one of the largest colleges of the University of Oxford, with about 460 undergraduates, 180 graduate students, and 65 fellows.As of 2018, it had an estimated financial endowment of \u00a3107 million, and in 2014/2015 ranked 3rd in the Norrington Table, a measure which ranks Oxford colleges by academic performance.", "Q3142224": "Sir Hugh Eyre Campbell Beaver, KBE (4 May 1890 \u2013 16 January 1967) was an English-South African engineer, industrialist, and founder of the Guinness World Records (then known as Guinness Book of Records).", "Q379662": "Chang Taek-sang or Jang Taek-sang (October 22, 1893 \u2013 August 1, 1969) was a Korean Independence activist and South Korean policeman and politician. He was the third prime minister of South Korea and 1st Minister of Foreign Affairs. His nickname was Changrang.\n\n", "Q950350": "Robert Siers Cavallo (born March 21, 1963) is an American record producer, musician, and record industry executive. Primarily known for his production work with Green Day, he has also worked with Linkin Park, My Chemical Romance, Eric Clapton, the Goo Goo Dolls, the Dave Matthews Band, Kid Rock, Jawbreaker, Alanis Morissette, Black Sabbath, Phil Collins, Paramore, Sixpence None the Richer, Lil Peep, Shinedown, and Meat Loaf. He is also a multiple Grammy Award winner.Cavallo plays multiple instruments and has professional credits for his bass, keyboard, organ, piano, guitar and percussion work.", "Q97921": "Carola Toelle (2 April 1893 \u2013 28 January 1958) was a German stage and film actress.", "Q358874": "Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale (Punjabi: [d\u0292\u0259\u027en\u025b\u02d0l s\u026a\u0301\u014b\u0261 p\u026a\u0300\u0273\u0256\u027e\u00e3\u02d0\u028ba\u02d0\u026de]; born Jarnail Singh Brar; 2 June 1947 \u2013 6 June 1984) was a militant leader of the Sikh organization Damdami Taksal. He gained prominence due to his involvement in the 1978 Sikh-Nirankari clash. He symbolized the revivalist, extremist and terrorist movement in Punjab. In 1983, to escape arrest, he along with his militant cadre occupied and fortified the Sikh shrine Akal Takht. Operation Blue Star was launched to remove him and the armed militants from the Golden Temple complex.\nBhindranwale was the head of the orthodox Sikh religious school Damdami Taksal and held the title of missionary \"Sant\", a common religious title in Punjab. Over the period Bhindranwale grew up as a leader of Sikh militancy. There was dissatisfaction in some sections of the Sikh community with prevailing economic, social, and political conditions. Bhindranwale articulated these grievances as discrimination against Sikhs and the undermining of Sikh identity. The growth of Bhindranwale was not solely by his own efforts. In the late 1970s Indira Gandhi's Congress party supported Bhindranwale in a bid to split the Sikh votes and weaken the Akali Dal, its chief rival in Punjab. Congress supported the candidates backed by Bhindranwale in the 1978 SGPC elections. The Congress leader Giani Zail Singh allegedly financed the initial meetings of the separatist organisation Dal Khalsa. In the 1980 election, Bhindranwale supported Congress candidates. Bhindranwale was originally not very influential, but the activities of Congress elevated him to the status of a major leader by the early 1980s. This later turned out to be a miscalculation as Bhindranwale's separatist political objectives became popular among the agricultural Jat Sikhs in the region.In the summer of 1982, Bhindranwale and the Akali Dal launched the Dharam Yudh Morcha (battle for righteousness), with its stated aim being the fulfilment of a list of demands based on the Anandpur Sahib Resolution to create an autonomous state for Sikhs. Thousands of people joined the movement in the hope of acquiring a larger share of irrigation water and the return of Chandigarh to Punjab. Bhindranwale was responsible for launching Sikh militancy during the 1980s. Bhindranwale also increased the level of rhetoric on the perceived \"assault\" on Sikh values by the Hindu community.In 1982 Bhindranwale and his armed group moved to the Golden Temple complex and made it his headquarters. From inside the complex, Bhindranwale led the Punjab insurgency campaign in Punjab. In June 1984 Operation Blue Star was carried out by the Indian Army to remove Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his armed militants from the buildings of the Harmandir Sahib in the Golden Temple Complex. Bhindranwale died and the temple complex was cleared of militants.\nBhindranwale has remained a controversial figure in Indian history. While the Sikhs' highest temporal authority Akal Takht describe him a 'martyr', he is widely regarded in India as a terrorist.", "Q35358": "Richard Norton (born 6 January 1950) is an Australian martial artist, action film star, stuntman, stunt/fight coordinator or fight choreographer, and martial arts trainer. After high school, Norton worked as a bodyguard in the entertainment business before pursuing an acting career. He has attained a 9th Degree in Zen Do Kai, Australia.\nHis first screen appearance was in the 1980 Chuck Norris film The Octagon, and he has worked on over 80 feature films and television programs.", "Q15088": "Tarragona (English: TARR-\u0259-goh-n\u0259, also US: TAR-, Catalan: [t\u0259r\u0259\u02c8\u0263on\u0259], Spanish: [tara\u02c8\u0263ona]; Phoenician: Tarqon; Latin: Tarraco) is a port city located in northeast Spain on the Costa Daurada by the Mediterranean Sea. Founded before the 5th century BC, it is the capital of the Province of Tarragona, and part of Tarragon\u00e8s and Catalonia. Geographically, it is bordered on the north by the Province of Barcelona and the Province of Lleida. The city has a population of 201,199 (2014).", "Q705748": "Cuba Gooding Sr. (April 27, 1944 \u2013 April 20, 2017) was an American singer. He was the most successful lead singer of the soul group The Main Ingredient, replacing former lead singer Donald McPherson who was diagnosed with leukemia in 1971. According to Billboard, as the lead vocalist he scored five top 10 hits, most notably, \"Everybody Plays the Fool\" (1972), peaking at No. 2 for three weeks, and peaking at No. 3 on Billboard\u2032s all-genre Hot-100 list. \"Just Don't Want to Be Lonely\" (1974), \"Happiness Is Just Around the Bend\" and \"Rolling Down a Mountainside\" were also top 10 hits on Billboard charts. He also recorded as a solo artist with hits of his own.\n\n", "Q171292": "Pierre Petit (French: [p\u0259ti]; 1617\u20131687) was a French scholar, physician, poet and Latin writer.\nBorn at Paris, Petit studied medicine at Montpellier, where he took the degree of MD, though he did not practice medicine afterwards. Returning to Paris, he resided for some time with the president Lamoignon, as tutor to his sons, and afterwards as a literary companion with Aymar de Nicolai, first president of the chamber of accounts. He died shortly after taking a wife.", "Q1058363": "Yukihiro Fujimura (\u85e4\u6751\u5e78\u5b8f, Yukihiro Fujimura, born March 3, 1960 in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan), is a Japanese guitarist, singer-songwriter, arranger and producer. Usually referred to by his stage name \"Chachamaru\", little is known about his early years and personal life. Besides being a member and collaborator with various bands and musical acts in the 80s and 90s, he is most known as being the lead guitarist and associate music producer for Gackt.\n\n", "Q80285": "Ann Hampton Callaway (born May 30, 1958) is an American jazz singer, songwriter, and actress. She wrote and sang the theme song for the TV series The Nanny.", "Q1633799": "Baku State University (BSU); (Azerbaijani: Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universiteti (BDU)) is a public university located in Baku, Azerbaijan. Established in 1919 by the Parliament of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the University started with faculties of history and philology, physics and mathematics, and law and medicine, with an initial enrollment of 1094. The first rector of BSU was V.I.Razumovsky, a former professor of surgery at Kazan University.\nIn 1930, the government ordered the University shut down in accordance with a reorganization of higher education, and the University was replaced with the Supreme Pedagogical Institute. However, in 1934 the University was reestablished again, and continued to work through the difficult years of World War II experiencing a shortage of faculty members.\nBy its 40th anniversary in 1959, the University already had 13 faculties. The Azerbaijan Medical University and Azerbaijan State Economic University were both spun-offs of the original respective faculties at BSU.\nAmong the graduates of BSU were two former presidents of Azerbaijan, Abulfaz Elchibey and Heydar Aliyev. The former graduated from the Faculty of Arabic Language and Literature, while the latter, who dominated Azerbaijan's political life for over 30 years, from the Faculty of History. Nobel Prize-winning physicist Lev Landau studied at BSU between 1922 and 1924.\nBSU is the only university from Azerbaijan Republic ranked by international ranking organizations, such as University Ranking by Academic Performance and currently ranks at 1872 in the University Ranking by Academic Performance.\n\n", "Q534539": "Eriko Yamatani (\u5c71\u8c37 \u3048\u308a\u5b50, Yamatani Eriko, born September 19, 1950) is a Japanese politician. Her name in official documents is Eriko Ogawa (\u5c0f\u5ddd\u6075\u91cc\u5b50, Ogawa Eriko).", "Q270652": "Mika Nakashima (\u4e2d\u5cf6 \u7f8e\u5609, Nakashima Mika, born February 19, 1983) is a Japanese singer and actress. Five of her studio albums, one of her mini-albums and one of her compilation albums have reached number one in Japan's Oricon album chart. She also embarked on an acting career, most notably as Nana Osaki in the live action film adaptations of Nana. She sold 10 million records in Japan.", "Q374346": "John M. Slattery Jr. (born August 13, 1962) is an American actor and director, best known for his role as Roger Sterling in the AMC drama series Mad Men. \nSlattery's other acting credits include a starring role as Ben Bradlee, Jr., in the Best Picture-winning film Spotlight, and the role of Howard Stark in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Iron Man 2, Ant-Man, Captain America: Civil War, and Avengers: Endgame. He has received four Primetime Emmy Awards nominations and two Critics' Choice Television Awards for Mad Men and was part of the Mad Men ensemble cast that won two SAG Awards.\nIn 2013, Slattery directed his first feature film, God's Pocket (2014), which he co-wrote with Alex Metcalf. The film, based on a 1983 novel of same name by Pete Dexter, premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was picked up for distribution by IFC Films.", "Q92859": "Eric J. Bina (born October 1964) is an American software programmer who is the co-creator of Mosaic and the co-founder of Netscape. In 1993, Bina along with Marc Andreessen authored the first version of Mosaic while working as a programmer at National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.\nBina attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, graduating from there with a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science in 1986 and a master's degree in 1988. He joined NCSA in 1991 as a programmer. There, Bina and Andreessen started working on Mosaic in December 1992 and had a working version by March 1993. Mosaic was posted to the Internet and is famed as the first killer application that popularized the Internet. He is one of the five inaugural inductees to the World Wide Web Hall of Fame announced at the first international conference on the World Wide Web in 1994.In 1995, Bina and Andreessen were awarded the ACM Software System Award.In 2010, Bina and Andreessen were inducted into the University of Illinois Engineering Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q16581": "Josef Stefan (Slovene: Jo\u017eef \u0160tefan; 24 March 1835 \u2013 7 January 1893) was an ethnic Carinthian Slovene physicist, mathematician, and poet of the Austrian Empire.", "Q4549135": "Mashhur bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (born 1942) is a senior prince in the House of Saud and a member of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Allegiance Council. His daughter Sara is married to Saudi Arabia's crown prince and defense minister Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud.", "Q66066": "Wolfwil is a municipality in the district of G\u00e4u in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q49085": "African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa. The phrase generally refers to descendants of enslaved black people who are from the United States.African Americans constitute the third largest ethnic group and the second largest racial group in the US, after White Americans and Hispanic and Latino Americans. Most African Americans are descendants of enslaved peoples within the boundaries of the present United States. On average, African Americans are of West/Central African and European descent, and some also have Native American ancestry. According to U.S. Census Bureau data, African immigrants generally do not self-identify as African American. The overwhelming majority of African immigrants identify instead with their own respective ethnicities (\u224895%). Immigrants from some Caribbean, Central American, and South American nations and their descendants may or may not also self-identify with the term.African-American history starts in the 16th century, with peoples from West Africa forcibly taken as slaves to Latin America, and in the 17th century with West African slaves taken to English colonies in North America. After the founding of the United States, black people continued to be enslaved, and the last four million black slaves were only liberated after the Civil War in 1865. Due to notions of white supremacy, they were treated as second-class citizens. The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited U.S. citizenship to whites only, and only white men who owned property could vote. These circumstances were changed by Reconstruction, development of the black community, participation in the great military conflicts of the United States, the elimination of racial segregation, and the civil rights movement which sought political and social freedom. In 2008, Barack Obama became the first African American to be elected President of the United States.", "Q69355": "Reiner Haseloff (born 19 February 1954 in B\u00fclzig, Kreis Wittenberg, Bezirk Halle) is a German politician who serves as the Minister President of the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt. A scientist like Chancellor Angela Merkel, he was widely considered as one of her closest party allies, but distanced himself from her during the European migrant crisis.", "Q92681": "R\u00e9my Card is a French software developer who is credited as one of the primary developers of the Extended file system (ext) and Second Extended file system (ext2) for Linux.", "Q1074851": "Giza Studio (\u30ae\u30b6 \u30b9\u30c6\u30e5\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30aa, Giza Suteyudio) is a Japanese record label.\nThe Giza Studio started as an indie label in the early 1990s under the name Garage Indies Zapping Association, but soon Being Inc. bought it as their sister label company. Giza Studio is located in Osaka, Japan and has been producing successful artists such as Mai Kuraki, Garnet Crow, Rina Aiuchi, etc. since their commercial service on September 1, 1998. Along with other Being Group's sister labels (Zain Records, Rooms Records, B-Gram Records, BMFC, Vermillion Records and Northern Music), the studio's main task is to create music productivity by hiring talented artists, composers and engineers. The label's creative design (such as CD-jacket, photography, cinematography) is handled by Mod's House, while J-Disc is in charge of all the distribution and promotion of the sales.Giza's artists have had provided numerous opening and ending themes for Anime television series such as Meitantei Conan, Project ARMS, M\u00c4R and Tantei Gakuen Q.", "Q463313": "William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (often shortened to Romeo + Juliet) is a 1996 American romantic crime tragedy film directed, co-produced, and co-written by Baz Luhrmann, co-produced by Gabriella Martinelli, and co-written by Craig Pearce. It is an adaptation and modernization of William Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes in the title roles. They instantly fall in love when Romeo crashes a party and meets Juliet, despite their being members of feuding families. Brian Dennehy, John Leguizamo, Pete Postlethwaite, Paul Sorvino and Diane Venora also star in supporting roles.\nThe film was released on November 1, 1996, by 20th Century Fox to commercial success, and was met with generally positive reviews. The film grossed over $147.5 million over a $14.5 million budget. At the 47th Berlin International Film Festival in 1997, DiCaprio won the Silver Bear for Best Actor and Luhrmann won the Alfred Bauer Prize. Luhrmann was also nominated for the Golden Bear Award for Best Picture. At the 69th Academy Awards, Catherine Martin and Brigitte Broch were nominated for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration. In 2005, the film was included on the BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14.The film was also re-released in Luhrmann's Red Curtain Trilogy DVD box set in 2002 together with Strictly Ballroom (1992) and Moulin Rouge! (2001).", "Q240949": "Elena Anaya Guti\u00e9rrez (born 17 July 1975) is a Spanish actress whose career started in 1995. She starred alongside Antonio Banderas in Pedro Almod\u00f3var's The Skin I Live In, for which she won the Goya award for Best Actress. She is also known for her roles in Van Helsing, Habitaci\u00f3n en Roma (Room in Rome) and Doctor Poison in Wonder Woman.", "Q105513": "Bebop or bop is a style of jazz developed in the early to mid-1940s in the United States, which features songs characterized by a fast tempo, complex chord progressions with rapid chord changes and numerous changes of key, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation based on a combination of harmonic structure, the use of scales and occasional references to the melody.\nBebop developed as the younger generation of jazz musicians expanded the creative possibilities of jazz beyond the popular, dance-oriented swing style with a new \"musician's music\" that was not as danceable and demanded close listening. As bebop was not intended for dancing, it enabled the musicians to play at faster tempos. Bebop musicians explored advanced harmonies, complex syncopation, altered chords, extended chords, chord substitutions, asymmetrical phrasing, and intricate melodies. Bebop groups used rhythm sections in a way that expanded their role. Whereas the key ensemble of the swing era was the big band of up to fourteen pieces playing in an ensemble-based style, the classic bebop group was a small combo that consisted of saxophone (alto or tenor), trumpet, piano, guitar, double bass, and drums playing music in which the ensemble played a supportive role for soloists. Rather than play heavily arranged music, bebop musicians typically played the melody of a song (called the \"head\") with the accompaniment of the rhythm section, followed by a section in which each of the performers improvised a solo, then returned to the melody at the end of the song.\nSome of the most influential bebop artists, who were typically composer-performers, are: tenor sax players Dexter Gordon, Sonny Rollins, and James Moody; alto sax player Charlie Parker; clarinet player Buddy DeFranco; trumpeters Fats Navarro, Clifford Brown, and Dizzy Gillespie; pianists Bud Powell, Mary Lou Williams, and Thelonious Monk; electric guitarist Charlie Christian, Joe Pass and drummers Kenny Clarke, Max Roach, and Art Blakey.", "Q76513": "Karl Christoph Vogt (German: [fo\u02d0kt]; originally Carl; 5 July 1817 \u2013 5 May 1895) was a German scientist, philosopher and politician who emigrated to Switzerland. Vogt published a number of notable works on zoology, geology and physiology. All his life he was engaged in politics, in the German Frankfurt Parliament of 1848\u20139 and later in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q452870": "Rashawnna Guy (born January 3, 1978), better known by her stage name Shawnna, is an American rapper. She was the first female artist signed to Def Jam South through Ludacris' Disturbing tha Peace Records. She is a former member of the female Chicago rap duo Infamous Syndicate and she is also the daughter of the blues musician Buddy Guy.\nShe is known for her rapid-fire delivery and her sexually explicit image and lyrics. She is one of only eight female rappers (others being Queen Pen, Lauryn Hill, Lil' Kim, Remy Ma, Iggy Azalea, Cardi B, and Lizzo) to ever have a number-one song on the US Billboard Hot 100, with 2003's \"Stand Up\" with Ludacris.", "Q388843": "Ellen Wong (born 1984 or 1985) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her roles as Knives Chau in the 2010 film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World, Jill \"Mouse\" Chen in The CW's series The Carrie Diaries, and Jenny Chey in the Netflix series GLOW.", "Q47916": "Lucknow ( (listen), Hindi: [\u02c8l\u0259k\u02b0n\u0259u\u02d0] Lakhna'\u016b) is the capital city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, and is also the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and division. It is the fourteenth-most populous city and the twelfth-most populous urban agglomeration of India. Lucknow has always been a multicultural city that flourished as a North Indian cultural and artistic hub, and the seat of power of Nawabs in the 18th and 19th centuries. It continues to be an important centre of governance, administration, education, commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, culture, tourism, music and poetry.The city stands at an elevation of approximately 123 metres (404 ft) above sea level. Lucknow district covers an area of 2,528 square kilometres (976 sq mi). Bounded on the east by Barabanki, on the west by Unnao, on the south by Raebareli and in the north by Sitapur and Hardoi, Lucknow sits on the northwestern shore of the Gomti River.\nHistorically, Lucknow was the capital of the Awadh region, controlled by the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire. It was transferred to the Nawabs of Awadh. In 1856, the British East India Company abolished local rule and took complete control of the city along with the rest of Awadh and, in 1857, transferred it to the British Raj. Along with the rest of India, Lucknow became independent from Britain on 15 August 1947. It has been listed as the 17th-fastest growing city in India and 74th in the world.Lucknow, along with Agra and Varanasi, is in the Uttar Pradesh Heritage Arc, a chain of survey triangulations created by the Government of Uttar Pradesh to boost tourism in the state.", "Q105275": "Claus Richer (born 4 November 1948 in Straubing) is a German journalist.", "Q58836": "Emil Ludwig (25 January 1881 \u2013 17 September 1948) was a German-Swiss author, known for his biographies and study of historical \"greats.\"", "Q66700": "Schangnau is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q69433": "Lenzburg is a town in the central region of the Swiss canton Aargau and is the capital of the Lenzburg District. The town, founded in the Middle Ages, lies in the Seetal valley, about 3 kilometres south of the Aare river. Lenzburg and the neighbouring municipalities of Niederlenz and Staufen have grown together in an agglomeration.", "Q230510": "Mary Lynn Rajskub (; born June 22, 1971) is an American actress and comedian, best known for portraying Chloe O'Brian in the Fox action thriller series 24. She appeared on HBO's Mr. Show, and in the films Dude, Where's My Car?, Sweet Home Alabama, Punch-Drunk Love, Safety Not Guaranteed, The Kings of Summer and Night School, among others.", "Q95850": "Carl-Dieter \"Assl\u00f6ch\" Spranger (born 28 March 1939 in Leipzig) is a German politician belonging to the CSU.\nHe was Minister 1991-1993 (Bundesminister f\u00fcr wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit) and then 1993-1998 (Bundesminister f\u00fcr wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung). He is married and has three children.", "Q602033": "Antonio Font\u00e1n P\u00e9rez (15 October 1923 \u2013 14 January 2010) was a Spanish journalist recognized for his work in promoting press freedom in his country. He was also a well-known Roman Catholic member of Opus Dei.Antonio Font\u00e1n was the editor of the independent newspaper Madrid from 1967 to 1971. The periodical openly criticized Francisco Franco's authoritarian rule. In 1968, the government began a campaign against the newspaper, in which Font\u00e1n was prosecuted 19 times and fined 10 times in the span of four months. In October 1971, the authorities demanded Font\u00e1n's resignation, closing down the paper a few weeks later. Font\u00e1n's staunch defense of the principles of free expression during those five years as editor earned him and his staff a unique place in the annals of Spanish journalism.\nIn 1977, Font\u00e1n was elected to the Spanish Senate as a member of the Uni\u00f3n de Centro Democr\u00e1tico, in the first democratic general elections after the end of Francoist Spain. During his career, Font\u00e1n co-authored Spain's Constitution of 1978, which recognized freedom of expression and freedom of information as fundamental rights. He also served as a minister from 1979 to 1982.\nAt the time of his death, Font\u00e1n was the president and publisher of Nueva Revista de Pol\u00edtica, Cultura y Arte, a bimonthly news magazine, which he founded in 1990. The International Press Institute (IPI) has named him one of the \"Heroes of Press Freedom.\"", "Q1063493": "Robert Porter \u201cBob\u201d McKimson Sr. (October 13, 1910 \u2013 September 29, 1977) was an American animator and illustrator, best known for his work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons from Warner Bros. Cartoons and later DePatie\u2013Freleng Enterprises. He wrote and directed many animated cartoon shorts starring Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Foghorn Leghorn, Hippety Hopper, The Tasmanian Devil and among other characters. He was also well known for defining Bugs Bunny's look in the 1943 short Tortoise Wins by a Hare.", "Q113417": "Terpander (Greek: \u03a4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 Terpandros), of Antissa in Lesbos, was a Greek poet and citharede who lived about the first half of the 7th century BC. He was the father of Greek music and through it, of lyric poetry, although his own poetical compositions were few and in extremely simple rhythms. He simplified rules of the modes of singing of other neighboring countries and islands and formed, out of these syncopated variants, a conceptual system. Though endowed with an inventive mind, and the commencer of a new era of music, he attempted no more than to systematize the musical styles that existed in the music of Greece and Anatolia.", "Q236161": "Henriette Theodora Markovitch (22 November 1907 \u2013 16 July 1997), known as Dora Maar, was a French photographer, painter, and poet.", "Q11588": "Thelma Estrin (February 21, 1924 \u2013 February 15, 2014) was an American computer scientist and engineer who did pioneering work in the fields of expert systems and biomedical engineering. She was one of the first to apply computer technology to healthcare and medical research. She was professor emerita in the Department of Computer Science, University of California at Los Angeles.", "Q175792": "Efraim \"Effi\" (Fine) Eitam (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \"\u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\" \u05d0\u05d9\u05ea\u05dd\u200e, born 25 July 1952) is an Israeli politician and former military commander. A former leader of the National Religious Party, he later led a breakaway faction, Ahi, which merged into Likud in 2009. He served as a member of the Knesset between 2003 and 2009.", "Q7329874": "Richard Weiszmann (born April 8, 1972) is a retired Czechoslovakian-American soccer defender who played for the New England Revolution in 1996. He also spent five seasons in the USISL. He is currently the Director of Boys Coaching with the Diablo Futbol Club (DFC) and is a research scientist at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.\nWeiszmann attended the University of California, Berkeley where he played on the men\u2019s soccer team from 1991 to 1994. He was an All Far West player in 1993 and 1994. During the 1994 collegiate off season, Weiszmann played for the Santa Cruz Surf of the USISL. In 1995, he played for the North Bay Breakers. In February 1996, the New England Revolution selected Weiszmann in the 10th round of 1996 MLS Inaugural Player Draft. He played ten games for the Revs before being waived on June 30, 1996. He returned to Northern California and signed with the San Jose Clash, but never had a first team game. In 1997, he joined the Chico Rooks of the USISL, playing with the team through the 1999 season.\nWeiszmann has coached for several years with Diablo Futbol Club (DFC). He is currently the club\u2019s Director of Boys Coaching. He also works at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.", "Q2739096": "Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were American citizens who were convicted of spying on behalf of the Soviet Union. The couple were accused of providing top-secret information about radar, sonar, jet propulsion engines, and valuable nuclear weapon designs; at that time the United States was the only country in the world with nuclear weapons. Convicted of espionage in 1951, they were executed by the federal government of the United States in 1953 in the Sing Sing correctional facility in Ossining, New York.Other convicted co-conspirators were sentenced to prison, including Ethel's brother, David Greenglass (who had made a plea agreement), Harry Gold, and Morton Sobell. Klaus Fuchs, a German scientist working in Los Alamos, was convicted in the United Kingdom.For decades, the Rosenbergs' sons, Michael and Robert Meeropol and many other defenders maintained that Julius and Ethel were innocent of spying on their country and were victims of Cold War paranoia. After the fall of the Soviet Union, much information concerning them was declassified, including a trove of decoded Soviet cables, code-named VENONA, which detailed Julius's role as a courier and recruiter for the Soviets and Ethel's role as an accessory. In 2008 the National Archives of the United States published most of the grand jury testimony related to the prosecution of the Rosenbergs; it revealed that Ethel had not been directly involved in activities, though still acted as an accessory, and had full knowledge of Julius's espionage activity and played the main role in the recruitment of her brother for atomic espionage.\nIn 2014, five historians who had published works based on the Rosenberg case wrote that newly available Soviet documents show that Ethel Rosenberg hid money and espionage paraphernalia for Julius, served as an intermediary for communications with his Soviet intelligence contacts, relayed her personal evaluation of individuals whom Julius considered recruiting, and was present at meetings with his sources.\nThey support the assertion that Ethel persuaded her sister-in-law Ruth Greenglass to travel to New Mexico to recruit her husband David Greenglass as a spy. Other historians, though, argue that this evidence demonstrates only that Ethel knew of her husband's activities and chose to keep quiet.", "Q966184": "Mauricio Sotelo (born 2 October 1961 in Madrid), is a Spanish composer and conductor.\nSotelo began his musical studies as a self-taught player of the guitar, and later at the Real Conservatorio de M\u00fasica de Madrid. In 1979 he moved to Vienna to study at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna. Four years later, after finishing his course with Dieter Kaufmann, among others, he was admitted in the Chair of Composition commanded by Francis Burt \u2013 Sotelo dedicated to him the piece De Vinculis: Ge-Burt. A Francis Burt (2001) for violin \u2013 and, decisively for him, in Roman Haubenstock-Ramati's seminars, to conclude this academic period in 1987, being awarded the Prize of Honour for graduate studies. During his time in Wien (1979\u20131992) Sotelo works, created (\u2026et l'avare silence (1988), among others) and participates, together with Beat Furrer, in the creation of the Societ\u00e9 de l'Art acoustique, later known as Klangforum Wien. This group has to be considered a sort of \"fetish\" ensemble to Sotelo for two reasons: first, the personal relationship with Furrer and the musicians; second, the close and continuous work with them to create many pieces, from the Trio Basso \u2013 a R.H.R. (1988\u201389) to Klangmuro... I (2009) for flute, double bass and ensemble. In Vienna he also studied electroacoustic music with Dieter Kaufmann and conducting with Karl \u00d6sterreicher. Also at this time, Sotelo came into contact with Luigi Nono, a composer who excercised a lively influence in his musical thought, today even stronger than in those years. He also met the poet Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel Valente (Orense 1929 \u2013 Geneva 2000) \u2013 an unavoidable figure to comprehend Sotelo's catalogue between 1994 and 2000\u2014at the end of the eighties.Already in Spain, after the successful premi\u00e8re of Tenebr\u00e6 Responsoria in the XXXII Semana de M\u00fasica Religiosa de Cuenca (1993) with the cantaor Enrique Morente, Sotelo began an important teaching activity. As invited professor, he participated in the Aula de M\u00fasica at the University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares (1993\u20131995), in the composition seminar at Columbia University in New York (1996), in the Summer Courses of Composition at the International Festival \u00d3rgano de Le\u00f3n \u2013 widely known as Cursos in Villafranca del Bierzo \u2013 and, more recently, in the Seminar of Composition Casa da Musica in Oporto (2002), the Chair Manuel de Falla in C\u00e1diz (2007) and the Course of Composition at the Conservatorio Superior de M\u00fasica in C\u00f3rdoba (2009).\nFrom the turn to the 21st century, Sotelo consolidated his career in contemporary music, being institutionally recognized and finishing many main pieces like the cicle Wall of Light (2003\u20132007) \u2013 devoted to the figure of Sean Scully \u2013 Sonetos del amor oscuro. Cripta sonora para Luigi Nono (2003\u20132005) and Muerte sin fin (2010), among others.\nMauricio Sotelo has been awarded numerous prizes including the Composition Prize by the Joven Orquesta Nacional de Espa\u00f1a (1986), by the Sociedad General de Autores y Editores (1989) and by the WDR Forum Junger Komponisten (1992), the Ernst von Siemens Composer's Prize (1997), the Queen Sofia Prize of Composition (2000) and the Spanish National Music Prize (2001). He was composer in residence at the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin (2011\u20132012) \u2013 where he had met the composer Luigi Nono at the end of the eighties. He lives in Berlin and works today as a Professor of Composition at the Escola Superior de M\u00fasica de Catalunya in Barcelona.", "Q151624": "The German Confederation (German: Deutscher Bund) was an association of 39 German-speaking states in Central Europe (adding the mainly non-German speaking Kingdom of Bohemia and Duchy of Carniola), created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries and to replace the former Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved in 1806. The German Confederation excluded German-speaking lands in the eastern portion of the Kingdom of Prussia (East Prussia, West Prussia and Posen), the German cantons of Switzerland, and the French region of Alsace, which was predominantly German speaking. \nThe Confederation was weakened by rivalry between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire, the German revolutions of 1848\u201349, and the inability of its multiple members to compromise. In 1848, revolutions by liberals and nationalists attempted to establish a unified German state with a progressive liberal constitution under the Frankfurt Convention. The ruling body, the Confederate Diet, was dissolved on 12 July 1848, but was re-established in 1850 after failed efforts to replace it.The Confederation was finally dissolved after the victory of the Kingdom of Prussia in the Seven Weeks' War over the Austrian Empire in 1866. The dispute over which had the inherent right to rule German lands ended in favour of Prussia, leading to the creation of the North German Confederation under Prussian leadership in 1867, to which the eastern portions of the Kingdom of Prussia were added. A number of South German states remained independent until they joined the North German Confederation, which was renamed and proclaimed as the \"German Empire\" in 1871 for the now unified Germany (aside from Austria) with the Prussian king as emperor (Kaiser) after the victory over French Emperor Napoleon III in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.\nMost historians have judged the Confederation to have been weak and ineffective, as well as an obstacle to the creation of a German nation-state. However, the Confederation was designed to be weak, as it served the interests of the European Great Powers, especially member states Austria and Prussia.", "Q1057736": "Theo Nathaniel Epstein (born December 29, 1973) is an American baseball executive who is currently the President of Baseball Operations for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (MLB).\nEpstein became the youngest general manager (GM) in the history of MLB, when the Boston Red Sox hired him at the age of 28 on November 25, 2002. In 2004, the Red Sox won their first World Series championship in 86 years and won another championship in 2007.\nOn October 21, 2011, he resigned from his job in Boston to become President of Baseball Operations for the Chicago Cubs; in 2016, the Cubs won their first World Series championship in 108 years.", "Q919988": "Carlos Cavazo (born July 8, 1957) is an American born guitarist best known as the guitarist for Quiet Riot during their commercial peak. He has also played with Snow, 3 Legged Dogg, Hollywood Allstarz, and Ratt.", "Q232307": "Mae Margaret Whitman (born June 9, 1988) is an American actress and singer. Born and raised in Los Angeles, Whitman began acting in commercials as a child, making her film debut at the age of six in the romantic drama When a Man Loves a Woman (1994). She achieved recognition as a child actress for her supporting roles in One Fine Day (1996), Independence Day (1996), and Hope Floats (1998), and her television roles on Jag (1998\u20132001), and her voice role as Little Suzy on Johnny Bravo (1997\u20132004).\nWhitman gained mainstream attention for her recurring role as Ann Veal on the Fox sitcom Arrested Development (2004\u20132013), Katara on the animated series Avatar: The Last Airbender (2005\u20132008), Rose/Huntsgirl on American Dragon: Jake Long (2005\u20132007), and Amber Holt on the NBC drama Parenthood (2010\u20132015), receiving a nomination for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for the latter. She established herself as a prominent voice actor in children's films for her voice performances as Shanti in The Jungle Book 2 (2003) and Tinker Bell in the Disney Fairies film franchise (2008\u20132014). She ventured into mature film roles with Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010) and The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2012), and made her leading role film debut in The DUFF (2015), for which she received critical praise and a Teen Choice Award nomination. Since 2018, she has starred as Annie Marks on the NBC drama Good Girls.", "Q438317": "Rafael Larco Hoyle (18 May 1901 in Chicama Valley, Peru \u2013 23 October 1966, Lima), raised at Chiclin, his family's estate, was sent to school in Maryland, United States, at the age of twelve. He later entered Cornell University to study agricultural engineering and by 1923 returned to Peru to work on the family's sugar cane plantation. After spending most of his youth abroad, Larco Hoyle arrived to Peru with the eyes of an outsider. With this foreigner's curiosity he explored the country and discovered an ancient cultural patrimony in the north coast. Larco Hoyle recognized the need to house these objects in a safe place. It was at that point, Larco Hoyle dreamt of a museum, one like he had seen in the United States.\nIn 1925, Larco Hoyle's father, Rafael Larco Herrera acquired a collection of vases and other archaeological pieces from Alfredo Hoyle, his brother-in-law. There were approximately 600 ceramic pieces in all. The arrival of these objects ignited a collector's enthusiasm in Larco Hoyle. Soon after, Larco Herrera left his son in charge of the collection and those pieces completed the first collection of what would become the Rafael Larco Herrera Museum.\nDuring that same year, Larco Hoyle received some advice from his uncle, Victor Larco Herrera, a founder of the first museum in Lima. He urged Larco Hoyle to form a new museum in Lima, one that could guard all the archaeological relics that were continually being extracted by clandestine excavators.\nLarco Hoyle agreed with his uncle. He yearned to erect a living monument in honor of his father whom he admired so much for his patriotism and love for Peru. He got to work creating a museum that would carry on his father's legacy. Larco Hoyle purchased two large collections: 8000 pieces from Roa and 6000 pieces from Carranza. He also purchased several small collections in Chicama Valley, Trujillo, Vir\u00fa, and Chimbote. Within a year, the collection had grown significantly and display cases were installed in a small house on the Chicl\u00edn estate. On July 28, 1926, Independence Day, the Rafael Larco Herrera Museum opened its doors to the public.\nWith the museum up and running and a collection of approximately 30,000 pieces, Larco Hoyle began classifying the collection. Peruvian archaeology was in its infancy and Larco Hoyle realized many typologies were yet to be recognized. He set out to correct that and approached archaeological research academically. During the 1930s, he discovered many distinct Peruvian cultures such as Viru, Salinar, Cupisnique, and Lambayeque. The focus of his research became the Mochica culture. In 1946, Larco Hoyle, director of the Larco Museum, developed the first Peruvian chronology of ancient cultures, one that has remained current.", "Q1507484": "George H. Ross (born January 6, 1928) is a former executive vice president and senior counsel of the Trump Organization. He is perhaps best known as one of Donald Trump's two advisors on the NBC reality television program The Apprentice; Carolyn Kepcher was the other. On the program, he monitored the progress of the contestants and assisted Trump in determining who should be \"fired.\"", "Q72775": "Theodor Hoffmann (27 February 1935 \u2013 1 November 2018) was an East German Admiral who served as the head of the People's Navy (Volksmarine) and as the last Minister of National Defense of the German Democratic Republic and head of the National People's Army.", "Q86192": "Eduard-Maria Joseph Ritter von Schleich (9 August 1888 \u2013 15 November 1947), born Schleich, was a high scoring Bavarian flying ace of the First World War. He was credited with 35 aerial victories at the end of the war. During the Second World War he served in the Luftwaffe as a general.", "Q888049": "Bob Lanese (born August 2, 1941) is an American trumpet player who has spent most of his career as a professional musician in Germany.", "Q262530": "Artery Recordings is an American record label based in Sacramento, California, United States, founded in 2010 as an imprint of Razor & Tie by Eric Rushing, owner of The Artery Foundation.On August 31, 2017, it was announced that Artery was acquired by Warner Music Group.\n\n", "Q484588": "Girls' Generation-TTS (Korean: \uc18c\ub140\uc2dc\ub300-\ud0dc\ud2f0\uc11c, also known as TTS, TaeTiSeo, or Girls' Generation-TaeTiSeo) is the first sub-unit of South Korean girl group Girls' Generation, formed by SM Entertainment in 2012. It is composed of three Girls' Generation members: Taeyeon, Tiffany, and Seohyun. The sub-group has released three extended plays: Twinkle, Holler, and Dear Santa.", "Q9592": "The Catholic Church, sometimes referred to as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with approximately 1.3 billion baptised Catholics worldwide as of 2018. As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church is headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the pope. Its central administration is the Holy See.\nThe Christian beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith, reserving infallibility, passed down by sacred tradition. The Latin Church, the twenty-three Eastern Catholic Churches, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.Of its seven sacraments the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Mother of God and Queen of Heaven, honoured in dogmas and devotions. Its teaching includes Divine Mercy, sanctification through faith and evangelization of the Gospel as well as Catholic social teaching, which emphasises voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world.The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century the majority reside in the southern hemisphere due to secularization in Europe, and increased persecution in the Middle East.\nThe Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East\u2013West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431 the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, all separating primarily over differences in Christology. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to Protestantism also breaking away.\nFrom the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has received criticism from some for its teaching on sexuality, its inability to ordain women, as well as the handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.", "Q157255": "Merton Howard Miller (May 16, 1923 \u2013 June 3, 2000) was an American economist, and the co-author of the Modigliani\u2013Miller theorem (1958), which proposed the irrelevance of debt-equity structure. He shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1990, along with Harry Markowitz and William F. Sharpe. Miller spent most of his academic career at the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business.", "Q1247589": "Newnham College is a women's constituent college of the University of Cambridge.\nThe college was founded in 1871 by a group organising Lectures for Ladies, members of which included philosopher Henry Sidgwick and suffragist campaigner Millicent Garrett Fawcett. It was the second women's college to be founded at Cambridge, following Girton College.\n\n", "Q3929": "Port Louis (French: Port-Louis, Mauritian Creole: Porlwi, [po\u02d0lwi]) is the capital city of Mauritius. It is mainly located in the Port Louis District, with a small western part in the Black River District. Port Louis is the country's economic, cultural and political centre, and most populous city. It is administered by the Municipal City Council of Port Louis. According to the 2012 census conducted by Statistics Mauritius, the population was 149,194.", "Q675293": "Schneibstein is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany.", "Q13850128": "The Free Democratic Party or Radical Democratic Party (German: Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei, FDP; French: Parti radical-d\u00e9mocratique, PRD; Italian: Partito liberale-radicale svizzero, PLR; Romansh: Partida liberaldemocrata svizra, PLD) was a liberal political party in Switzerland. Formerly one of the major parties in Switzerland, on 1 January 2009 it merged with the Liberal Party of Switzerland to form FDP.The Liberals.\nThe FDP was formed in 1894 from the Radicals, who had dominated Swiss politics since \nthe 1830s, standing in opposition to the Catholic conservatives, and who from the creation of the federal state in 1848 until 1891 formed the federal government.\nThe FDP remained dominant until the introduction of proportional representation in 1919. From 1945 to 1987, it alternated with the Social Democratic Party to be the largest party. In 1959, the party took two seats in the magic formula. The party declined in the 1990s and 2000s (decade), as it was put under pressure by the Swiss People's Party. In response, the party formed closer relations with the smaller Liberal Party, leading to their formal merger in 2009.", "Q1086351": "East Brunswick is a township in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. The suburban community is part of the New York City metropolitan area and is located on the southern shore of the Raritan River, directly adjacent to the city of New Brunswick. According to the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 47,512, reflecting an increase of 756 (+1.6%) from the 46,756 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 3,208 (+7.4%) from the 43,548 counted in the 1990 Census.East Brunswick was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 28, 1860, from portions of both Monroe Township and North Brunswick Township. Portions of the township were taken to form Washington town within the township (February 23, 1870; became independent as South River on February 28, 1898), Helmetta (March 20, 1888), Milltown (January 29, 1889) and Spotswood (April 15, 1908).As of the 2010 Census, the United States Census Bureau calculated that New Jersey's center of population was located a few hundred feet east of Nenninger Lane, near the New Jersey Turnpike. Based on the results of the 2000 Census, the state's center of population was located on Milltown Road in East Brunswick.", "Q953117": "Olga Guillot (October 9, 1922 \u2013 July 12, 2010) was a Cuban singer who was known as the \"queen of bolero.\" She was a native of the Cuban city of Santiago de Cuba.", "Q303680": "Stanley Eugene Fish (born April 19, 1938) is an American literary theorist, legal scholar, author and public intellectual. He is currently the Floersheimer Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law at Yeshiva University's Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law in New York City, although Fish has no educational degrees or training in law. Fish has previously served as the Davidson-Kahn Distinguished University Professor of Humanities and a professor of law at Florida International University and is dean emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago.\nFish is associated with postmodernism, at times to his irritation. Instead he views himself as an advocate of anti-foundationalism. He is also viewed as being an influence in the rise and development of reader-response theory.\nDuring his career he has also taught at the Cardozo School of Law, University of California, Berkeley, Johns Hopkins University, The University of Pennsylvania, Yale Law School, Columbia University, The John Marshall Law School, and Duke University.", "Q190050": "Fight Club is a 1999 American film directed by David Fincher and starring Brad Pitt, Edward Norton, and Helena Bonham Carter. It is based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk. Norton plays the unnamed narrator, who is discontented with his white-collar job. He forms a \"fight club\" with soap salesman Tyler Durden (Pitt), and becomes embroiled in a relationship with him and a destitute woman, Marla Singer (Bonham Carter).\nPalahniuk's novel was optioned by Fox 2000 Pictures producer Laura Ziskin, who hired Jim Uhls to write the film adaptation. Fincher was selected because of his enthusiasm for the story. He developed the script with Uhls and sought screenwriting advice from the cast and others in the film industry. He and the cast compared the film to Rebel Without a Cause (1955) and The Graduate (1967), with a theme of conflict between Generation X and the value system of advertising.Studio executives did not like the film, and they restructured Fincher's intended marketing campaign to try to reduce anticipated losses. Fight Club failed to meet the studio's expectations at the box office, and received polarized reactions from critics. It was cited as one of the most controversial and talked-about films of 1999. The Guardian saw it as an omen for change in American political life, and described its visual style as ground-breaking. The film later found commercial success with its DVD release, establishing Fight Club as a cult classic and causing media to revisit the film. On the tenth anniversary of the film's release, The New York Times dubbed it the \"defining cult movie of our time.\"\n\n", "Q229069": "Jennifer Lindsay Stone (born February 12, 1993) is an American actress and nurse, who is known for playing Harper Finkle on the Disney Channel series Wizards of Waverly Place, and for her work in various television films, including playing the main character in Harriet the Spy: Blog Wars.", "Q231626": "Danna Maria Garc\u00eda Osuna (born February 4, 1978) is a Colombian actress and model best known for her roles in telenovelas.\n\n", "Q67436": "Michael Hamburger (22 March 1924 \u2013 7 June 2007) was a noted German-British translator, poet, critic, memoirist and academic. He was known in particular for his translations of Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, Paul Celan, Gottfried Benn and W. G. Sebald from German, and his work in literary criticism. The publisher Paul Hamlyn (1926\u20132001) was his younger brother.", "Q283094": "Josiah Gilbert Holland (July 24, 1819 \u2013 October 12, 1881) was an American novelist and poet who also wrote under the pseudonym Timothy Titcomb. He helped to found and edit Scribner's Monthly (afterwards the Century Magazine), in which appeared his novels, Arthur Bonnicastle, The Story of Sevenoaks, Nicholas Minturn. In poetry he wrote \"Bitter Sweet\" (1858), \"Kathrina\", the lyrics to the Methodist hymn \"There's a Song in the Air\", and many others.", "Q78516": "Anna Yuryevna Netrebko (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043a\u043e; born 18 September 1971) is a Russian-Austrian operatic soprano. She became known for her rendition of lyric and coloratura soprano roles, most notably Donna Anna in Mozart's Don Giovanni and Violetta in Verdi's La traviata, and proceeded into heavier 19th-century romantic roles, such as Leonora in Il trovatore and the role of Lady Macbeth in Macbeth. Since 2016, she has turned her focus to Verismo repertoire. She was noticed globally after playing Donna Anna at the 2002 Salzburg Festival and then appeared on leading stages, including the Mariinsky Theatre, where she began her career.\nShe has received multiple awards and honors and has substantial discography made primarily under Deutsche Grammophon.\nShe holds dual Russian and Austrian citizenship and resides in Vienna and New York City.\n\n", "Q199712": "\u00c7anakkale (pronounced [t\u0283a\u02c8nakkale]) is a city and seaport in Turkey, in \u00c7anakkale Province, on the southern coast of the Dardanelles at their narrowest point. The population of the town is 186,116 (2014 estimate).\u00c7anakkale is the finishing point every year for an organised swim across the Dardanelles from Eceabat. This event emulates the swim in 1810 by Lord Byron, who was himself emulating the legendary swim by Leander in the story of Hero and Leander.\nThe city is the nearest major town to the site of ancient Troy. The wooden horse from the 2004 movie Troy is exhibited on the seafront.", "Q748106": "The Glasgow School of Art (GSA) is a higher education art school offering undergraduate degrees; post-graduate awards (both taught and research-led) and PhDs in architecture, fine art and design based in Glasgow, Scotland.\nThe school is housed in a number of buildings in the centre of Glasgow, upon Garnethill, an area first developed by William Harley of Blythswood Hill in the early 1800s. The most famous of its buildings was designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh in phases between 1896\u20131909. The eponymous Mackintosh Building soon became one of the city's iconic landmarks and stood for over 100 years. The building was severely damaged by fire in May 2014 and destroyed by a second fire in June 2018, with only the burnt-out shell remaining.In 2019, GSA was placed 8th in the 2019 QS World Rankings for Art and Design, and the school maintained its 8th place ranking in 2020.", "Q182454": "William Lyon Mackenzie (March 12, 1795 \u2013 August 28, 1861) was a Scottish-born Canadian-American journalist and politician. His strong views on political equality and clean government drove him to outright rebellion in 1837 after a career as mayor of Toronto and in the colonial legislative assembly of Upper Canada (Ontario). He led the 1837 Upper Canada Rebellion and during its bitter end he set up a small rebel enclave named \"Republic of Canada,\" where he served as president December 13, 1837 to January 14, 1838. After a period of exile in the U.S., he returned to Canada and served as elected member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1851 to 1858.", "Q110136": "Christiane Kr\u00fcger (born 8 September 1945 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German actress. She is the daughter of actor Hardy Kr\u00fcger.", "Q326428": "Paradise, Hawaiian Style is a 1966 musical comedy film starring Elvis Presley. It was the third and final motion picture that Presley filmed in Hawaii. The film reached #40 on the Variety weekly box office chart, earning $2.5 million in theaters. In agreeing to do this film, Elvis' manager Colonel Tom Parker was hoping to replicate the success of Presley's 1961 film, Blue Hawaii. However, it was not a hit, and Presley's career continued its downward spiral.", "Q159250": "Daniel Landa (born 4 November 1968) is a Czech musician, actor, car racer, and amateur muay thai fighter. Born in Prague, Landa graduated with honours from Prague Conservatory, having studied music and drama. He began his musical career in 1988 when he, along with David Mat\u00e1sek, founded the oi! band Orl\u00edk, with whom he released two albums. Orl\u00edk has been criticized for its racial overtones, targeting specifically the Gypsy minority in the Czech Republic. In 1993, he began recording as a solo artist, and has since released numerous albums. He has also composed music for films and written several musicals. His material often deals with patriotic and political themes.\n\n", "Q2498810": "Naina Iosifovna Yeltsina (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0430, n\u00e9e Girina, \u0413\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430; born 14 March 1932) is the widow of the first President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin.", "Q193559": "Valve Corporation, also known as Valve Software, is an American video game developer, publisher, and digital distribution company headquartered in Bellevue, Washington. It is the developer of the software distribution platform Steam and the Half-Life, Counter-Strike, Portal, Day of Defeat, Team Fortress, Left 4 Dead, and Dota series.\nValve was founded in 1996 by former Microsoft employees Gabe Newell and Mike Harrington. Their debut product, the PC first-person shooter Half-Life, was released in 1998 to critical acclaim and commercial success, after which Harrington left the company. In 2003, Valve launched Steam, which accounted for around half of digital PC game sales by 2011. By 2012, Valve employed around 250 people and was reportedly worth over US$3 billion, making it the most profitable company per employee in the United States. In the 2010s, Valve began developing hardware, such as the Steam Machine, a brand of gaming PCs, as well as the HTC Vive and Valve Index virtual reality headsets.", "Q337525": "Admiral of the Red George Keith Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith GCB (7 January 1746 \u2013 10 March 1823) was a British admiral active throughout the Napoleonic Wars.\n\n", "Q150512": "Otto II (955 \u2013 December 7, 983), called the Red (Rufus), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy.\nOtto II was made joint-ruler of Germany in 961, at an early age, and his father named him co-Emperor in 967 to secure his succession to the throne. His father also arranged for Otto II to marry the Byzantine Princess Theophanu, who would be his wife until his death. When his father died after a 37-year reign, the eighteen-year-old Otto II became absolute ruler of the Holy Roman Empire in a peaceful succession. Otto II spent his reign continuing his father's policy of strengthening Imperial rule in Germany and extending the borders of the Empire deeper into southern Italy. Otto II also continued the work of Otto I in subordinating the Catholic Church to Imperial control.\nEarly in his reign, Otto II defeated a major revolt against his rule from other members of the Ottonian dynasty who claimed the throne for themselves. His victory allowed him to exclude the Bavarian line of the Ottonians from the line of Imperial succession. This strengthened his authority as Emperor and secured the succession of his own son to the Imperial throne.\nWith domestic affairs settled, Otto II would focus his attention from 980 onward to annexing the whole of Italy into the Empire. His conquests brought him into conflict with the Byzantine Empire and with the Muslims of the Fatimid Caliphate, who both held territories in southern Italy. After initial successes in unifying the southern Lombard principalities under his authority and in conquering Byzantine-controlled territory, Otto II's campaigns in southern Italy ended in 982 following a disastrous defeat by the Muslims. While he was preparing to counterattack Muslim forces, a major uprising by the Slavs broke out in 983, forcing the Empire to abandon its major territorial holdings east of the Elbe river.\nOtto II died suddenly in 983 at the age of 28 after a ten-year reign. He was succeeded as Emperor by his three-year-old son Otto III, plunging the Empire into a political crisis.", "Q63888": "Friedrich Flick (born 10 July 1883 in Ernsdorf, Siegerland; died 20 July 1972 in Constance) was a German industrialist and convicted Nazi war criminal. After the war, he reconstituted his businesses, becoming the richest person in West Germany, and one of the richest people in the world, at the time of his death in 1972.\nHe initially built a fortune during World War I and became extremely wealthy during the Weimar Republic, establishing a major industrial conglomerate in the coal and steel industries.", "Q90900": "Karl Friedrich Ludwig Kannegiesser (1781-1861) was a German author, translator, and critic.", "Q88829": "Eva Marks (born 1932 in Vienna) is a survivor of the Holocaust and the wife of Stan Marks.", "Q65547": "Mettmenstetten (Swiss German: M\u00e4pmischtette) is a village in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q958724": "Juan Jos\u00e9 Mosalini (born November 29, 1943) is an Argentinian bandoneon player. He specializes in tango nuevo and currently resides in France.\n\n", "Q514819": "Christopher Miles Boardman, (born 26 August 1968) is a British former racing cyclist who won an individual pursuit gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics, broke the world hour record three times, and won three stages and wore the yellow jersey on three separate occasions at the Tour de France. In 1992, he was awarded an MBE for services to cycling.Boardman's nickname is \"The Professor\", for his meticulous attention to detail in preparation and training, and his technical know-how. He had an altitude tent built in his house to help him prepare for the hour record attempt, although in an interview he claimed that all it did was help him focus. Boardman focused on interval training. He was a keen user of power measuring devices. For his winning ways in time trials and prologues of stage races, he was also nicknamed \"Mr. Prologue\".\nBoardman is also notable for having used the Lotus 108 time trial bicycle designed by Mike Burrows and made by the sports car manufacturer Lotus. Later he worked with the UK carbon fibre bike specialist Hotta, to produce other time-trial frame designs, which he raced in various events including world championships, and Olympic games. He is now involved in producing commercial and competition bikes with the Boardman Bikes and Boardman Elite ventures.", "Q348497": "Ilya Grigoryevich Ehrenburg (Russian: \u0418\u043b\u044c\u044f\u0301 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042d\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0443\u0301\u0440\u0433, pronounced [\u026a\u02c8l\u02b2ja \u0261r\u02b2\u026a\u02c8\u0261or\u02b2j\u026av\u026at\u0255 \u026ar\u02b2\u026an\u02c8burk] (listen); 26 January [O.S. 14 January] 1891 \u2013 31 August 1967) was a Soviet writer, Bolshevik revolutionary, journalist and historian.\nEhrenburg is among the most prolific and notable authors of the Soviet Union; he published around one hundred titles. He became known first and foremost as a novelist and a journalist \u2013 in particular, as a reporter in three wars (First World War, Spanish Civil War and the Second World War). His articles on the Second World War have provoked intense controversies in West Germany, especially during the sixties.\nThe novel The Thaw gave its name to an entire era of Soviet politics, namely, the liberalization after the death of Joseph Stalin. Ehrenburg's travel writing also had great resonance, as did to an arguably greater extent his memoir People, Years, Life, which may be his best known and most discussed work. The Black Book, edited by him and Vassily Grossman, has special historical significance; detailing the genocide on Soviet citizens of Jewish ancestry by the Nazis, it is the first documentary work on the Holocaust. In addition, Ehrenburg wrote a succession of works of poetry.", "Q100443": "Martin Sch\u00e4uble (born December 1978) is a German novelist, journalist and writer of non-fiction books. His pen name is Robert M. Sonntag. His works have been translated into several languages.", "Q1475990": "Jermaine Denny (born September 19, 1976), better known by his stage name Red Caf\u00e9, is an American rapper. At various points in his career, he was signed to Fabolous' Street Family Records, Puff Daddy's Bad Boy Records, Akon's Konvict Muzik and Mack 10's Hoo-Bangin Records. He has also ghostwritten for many popular rappers over the years.\n\n", "Q1227533": "The Directors Guild of America (DGA) is an entertainment guild that represents the interests of film and television directors in the United States motion picture industry and abroad. Founded as the Screen Directors Guild in 1936, the group merged with the Radio and Television Directors Guild in 1960 to become the modern Directors Guild of America.", "Q64659": "Rodels (Romansh: Roten) is a former municipality in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland, located in the district of Hinterrhein. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged to form the new municipality of Domleschg.", "Q370108": "Angelo Salvatore Rossitto (February 18, 1908 \u2013 September 21, 1991) was an American actor and voice artist. He had dwarfism and was 2'11\" (89 cm) tall, and was often billed as Little Angie or Moe. Angelo first appeared in silent films opposite Lon Chaney and John Barrymore. On screen he portrayed everything from dwarfs, midgets, gnomes and pygmies as well as monsters, villains and aliens, with appearances in more than 70 films.\n\nRossitto was born in Omaha, Nebraska and discovered by John Barrymore and made his screen debut opposite Barrymore in The Beloved Rogue (1927). That same year he appeared in Warner Brother's Old San Francisco. He appeared in the controversial 1932 film Freaks directed by Tod Browning, and another controversial film, 1938's Child Bride. During the 1940s, he appeared in several poverty row movies starring Bela Lugosi. He appeared frequently in television series and mini-series, particularly best known for the police drama Baretta, and his later film roles included appearances in Alex in Wonderland (1970), Brain of Blood (1971), Dracula vs. Frankenstein (1971), Little Cigars (1973), and Fairy Tales (1978). His last major role was as \"Master\" opposite Mel Gibson in Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (1985).", "Q232449": "Kwon Bo-ah (Korean: \uad8c\ubcf4\uc544, born November 5, 1986), known professionally as BoA, is a South Korean singer, songwriter, record producer and actress active in South Korea and Japan. Dubbed the \"Queen of K-pop\", BoA has been recognized as one of the most successful and influential Korean entertainers throughout her career.Born and raised in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, she was discovered by SM Entertainment talent agents when she accompanied her older brother to a talent search in 1998 and was trained for two years. Since her debut in August 2000, BoA has released nineteen studio albums, including nine in Korean, nine in Japanese, and one in English. On television, she appeared as a judge on the reality competition show K-pop Star (2011\u20132013), as an actress on the television drama Listen to Love (2016), and as a host for the second season of Produce 101 (2017).\nBoA's multilingual skills (she speaks Japanese and English along with native Korean and has recorded songs in Mandarin) have contributed to her commercial success throughout East Asia. With the release of her debut Japanese studio album, Listen to My Heart (2002), BoA became the first Korean pop star to break through in Japan following the fall of barriers that had restricted the import and export of entertainment between the countries since the end of World War II. She is the only foreign artist to have three albums sell more than one million copies in Japan and is one of only three artists to have six consecutive number-one studio albums on the Oricon charts since her debut, the others being Ayumi Hamasaki and Koda Kumi.", "Q120793": "Douglas Gerald Hurley (born October 21, 1966) is an American engineer and NASA astronaut. He piloted Space Shuttle mission STS-127, which launched July 15, 2009. He was assigned and flew as pilot for STS-135, the final flight of the Space Shuttle program, in July 2011. He was also the first Marine to fly the F/A-18 E/F Super Hornet. His call sign is \"Chunky\" and was sometimes referred to by this name on the communication loops.", "Q99924": "Jutta Koether (born 1958) is a German artist, musician and critic based in New York City and Berlin since the early 1990s.", "Q1333234": "Justin Cole Moore (born March 30, 1984) is an American country music singer and songwriter, signed to Big Machine Records imprint Valory Music Group. For that label, he has released five studio albums: his self titled debut in 2009, Outlaws Like Me in 2011, Off the Beaten Path in 2013, Kinda Don't Care in 2016, and Late Nights and Longnecks in 2019. He has also charted sixteen times on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts, including with the number 1 singles \"Small Town USA\", \"If Heaven Wasn't So Far Away\", \"Til My Last Day\", \"Lettin' the Night Roll\", \"You Look Like I Need a Drink\", \"Somebody Else Will\", and \"The Ones That Didn't Make It Back Home\"; and the top 10 hits \"Backwoods\" and \"Point at You\".", "Q1858": "Hanoi (UK: ha-, h\u0259-NOY or US: hah-NOY; Vietnamese: H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i [h\u00e0\u02d0 n\u00f4j\u02c0] (listen)) is the capital of Vietnam. It covers an area of 3,328.9 square kilometres (1,285 sq mi). With an estimated population of 8.1 million as of 2019, it is the second largest city in Vietnam. The metropolitan area, encompassing nine additional neighbouring provinces, has an estimated population of 16 million. Located in the central area of the Red River Delta, Hanoi is the commercial, cultural, and educational centre of Northern Vietnam. Having an estimated nominal GDP of US$32.8 billion, it is the second most productive economic centre of Vietnam, following Ho Chi Minh City.\nOriginally a small settlement along the banks of the Red River, the city was founded as Th\u0103ng Long, the capital of Imperial Vietnam, in 1010 by monarch L\u00fd Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5. Th\u0103ng Long would remain the most important political and cultural centre of Vietnam until 1802, when the Nguy\u1ec5n dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of Vietnam, moved the capital to Hu\u1ebf. Th\u0103ng Long renamed to its current name Hanoi in 1831. In 1873, Hanoi was conquered by the French, and from 1883 to 1945, the city was the administrative centre of French Indochina. The French colonisation left a lasting impact on the city's architecture that is visible today, as showcased through the juxtaposition of French-styled avenues, bridges, buildings, and traditional Vietnamese architecture.\nFrom 1940 to 1945, Hanoi was occupied by the Japanese forces. On 6 January 1946, the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam designated Hanoi as the capital of the newly-independent country, which would last during the First Indochina War (1946\u20131954) and the Vietnam War (1955\u20131975). Following North Vietnamese victory in 1975, Hanoi has been the capital of a reunified Vietnam since 1976. It hosts various venerable educational institutions and cultural venues of national significance, including the National University, the M\u1ef9 \u0110\u00ecnh National Stadium, and the National Museum of Fine Arts. On 16 July 1999, the UNESCO presented the title \"City for Peace\" to Hanoi. Hanoi joined UNESCO's Network of Creative Cities as a Design City on October 31, 2019 on the occasion of World Cities\u2019 Day.\n\n", "Q2697231": "Leo Burmester (February 1, 1944 \u2013 June 28, 2007) was an American actor. Burmester worked for director John Sayles several times, including in Passion Fish (1992) and Lone Star (1996), and also for directors such as John Schlesinger and Sidney Lumet, and as the Apostle Nathaniel in Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ (1988). He also starred in the CBS sitcom Flo as Randy Stumphill, the mechanic who frequented the bar.\n\n", "Q25163": "Roberto Saviano (Italian: [ro\u02c8b\u025brto sa\u02c8vja\u02d0no]; born September 22, 1979) is an Italian writer, essayist and screenwriter. In his writings, including articles and his book Gomorrah (his debut that brought him fame), he uses literature and investigative reporting to tell of the economic reality of the territory and business of the Camorra crime syndicate and of organized crime more generally.\nAfter the first death threats of 2006 made by the Casalesi clan of the Camorra, a clan which he had denounced in his expos\u00e9 and in the piazza of Casal di Principe during a demonstration in defense of legality, Roberto Saviano was put under a strict security protocol. Since October 13, 2006, he has lived under police protection.He has collaborated with numerous important Italian and international newspapers. Currently he writes for the Italian publications l'Espresso, la Repubblica and The Post Internazionale. Internationally, he collaborates in the United States with The Washington Post, The New York Times, and Time; in Spain with El Pais; in Germany with Die Zeit and Der Spiegel; in Sweden with Expressen; and in the United Kingdom with The Times and The Guardian.His courageous positions have drawn praise from many important writers and other cultural figures, such as Umberto Eco.\n\n", "Q104625": "Far East Movement (abbreviated FM) is an American hip hop and electronic music group based in Los Angeles. The group formed in 2003 and as of August 2018 consists of Kev Nish (Kevin Nishimura), Prohgress (James Roh) and DJ Virman (Virman Coquia). Their 2010 single, \"Like a G6\", featuring pop-rap duo The Cataracs and singer Dev hit number one on both the Billboard Hot 100 chart and on the iTunes chart in late October 2010, making them the first Asian-American group to earn a number one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Among their other chart toppers are: \"Rocketeer\" featuring Ryan Tedder of One Republic (peaked at number seven on Billboard), \"Turn Up the Love\" (number two on the UK charts), and their 2012 remix to the song \"Get Up (Rattle)\" by the Bingo Players, also hit number one on the UK charts.\nThe group's latest album, Identity, is the first release under their own record label Transparent Music. Identity focuses on bridging Eastern artists with FM's Western dance music roots. The album received a positive review in Billboard magazine; the single \"Freal Luv\" with Marshmello featuring Tinashe and Chanyeol from the chart topping K-pop group EXO, received 31 million plays on YouTube. Far East Movement has also branched out with a number of collaborations on labels Ministry of Sound, Dim Mak, and Ultra.\nIn 2016, Far East Movement's company, Transparent Arts (TA), moved into artist management. TA manages seven artists of various genres, including Korean-American K-pop superstar Tiffany Young, rappers Dumbfoundead and Year of the Ox, DJ producers Yultron, Autolaser, and singer Satica. The artists have garnered millions of social media plays, sold out national tours, and have released tracks through labels Owsla, Spinnin', Armada, and Universal.\nFM also has a joint label, BredNButter, with Trap City, a large YouTube dance music channel with more than ten million subscribers. BredNButter's many releases have amassed millions of plays in total in a little over a year of existence.\nThey also founded Identity Festival, a festival celebrating Asian American Heritage with the City of Los Angeles on the steps of City Hall that gathered over 10,000 attendees in 2018 with headliners Mike Shinoda of Linkin Park and K-pop star Jay Park.\nFar East Movement is in the process of recording their next full-length release.", "Q92871": "Cleve Barry Moler is an American mathematician and computer programmer specializing in numerical analysis. In the mid to late 1970s, he was one of the authors of LINPACK and EISPACK, Fortran libraries for numerical computing. He invented MATLAB, a numerical computing package, to give his students at the University of New Mexico easy access to these libraries without writing Fortran. In 1984, he co-founded MathWorks with Jack Little to commercialize this program.", "Q78270": "Johann Ernst Otto Stobbe (June 28, 1831 \u2013 May 19, 1887) was a German historian and law professor born in K\u00f6nigsberg.\nHe studied history, philology and jurisprudence at the University of K\u00f6nigsberg, earning his law degree in 1853. He continued his education in Leipsic and G\u00f6ttingen, and in 1856 received his habilitation. Soon afterwards he became a professor of German law at K\u00f6nigsberg, later holding similar positions at the Universities of Breslau (from 1859) and Leipzig (from 1872).", "Q267306": "Shanice Lorraine Wilson-Knox (n\u00e9e Wilson; born May 14, 1973), better known simply as Shanice, is an American singer\u2013songwriter, actress and dancer. Wilson had the Billboard hit singles \"I Love Your Smile\" and \"Silent Prayer\" in 1991 and \"Saving Forever for You\" in 1993. In 1999, Wilson scored another hit song, \"When I Close My Eyes\", which peaked at No. 12 on Billboard's Hot 100 chart. Wilson is recognized for her coloratura soprano voice and her ability to sing in the whistle register.", "Q113359": "Tulsi Chakraborty or Tulsi Chakrabarti (Bengali: \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09b8\u09c0 \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0; 3 March 1899 \u2013 11 December 1961) was an Indian actor and comedian who worked in Bengali cinema in the 1940s and 1950s. His most notable role could be the lead role in Parash Pathar, directed by Satyajit Ray.", "Q77143": "Bernd Weidung (born 1 March 1963 in Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate), better known by his stage name Thomas Anders, is a German singer, best known as the lead singer of German duo Modern Talking.Starting his singing career while still in school, Anders unsuccessfully attempted to establish himself as a schlager artist for several years. After forming the Eurodisco duo Modern Talking with Dieter Bohlen in 1984, they became a worldwide sensation with their hit \"You're My Heart, You're My Soul\". They followed up with a string of other worldwide hits, namely \"You Can Win If You Want\", \"Cheri, Cheri Lady\", \"Brother Louie\", \"Atlantis Is Calling (S.O.S. for Love)\", \"Geronimo's Cadillac\", and \"Jet Airliner\", before dissolving in 1987. In 1998, they reunited and produced several new worldwide hits, such as \"You're My Heart, You're My Soul '98\", \"Brother Louie '98\", \"You Are Not Alone\", \"Sexy, Sexy Lover\", \"China in Her Eyes\", \"No Face, No Name, No Number\", \"Win the Race\", \"Ready for the Victory\", and \"TV Makes the Superstar\", before dissolving again in 2003. Their controversial break-ups led to several lawsuits and heavy coverage from the German tabloid press. During their two stints together, the duo sold 120 million records worldwide and received numerous sales certifications around the globe.After the break-ups of Modern Talking, Anders performed as a solo artist during the 1990s and after 2003. During the first Modern Talking split, he released six studio albums, none of which managed to chart, whereas some singles such as \"Love of My Own\" achieved mediocre success. Only his Spanish language album Barcos de Cristal (1994) proved successful in Argentina, where its eponymous title track climbed to number 1. Following the second break-up, he started a more successful solo career, with his album This Time (2004) reaching number 14 in Germany and producing number 1 hits in Russia and Turkey. His 2010 album Strong reached Platinum status in Russia for sales of more than 650,000 copies. Two (2010), a collaboration album with J\u00f6rn-Uwe Fahrenkrog-Petersen reached number 11 in Germany, while his first German language album Pures Leben (2017) climbed at number 14.\nWhile being unable to match his success with Modern Talking with his solo career, Anders is considered a musical icon in Eastern Europe, where he is more revered than in his native country and regularly performs stadium tours. In 2006, the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv made him an honorary professor for \"shaping the musical taste of a generation\", and he holds the distinction for being the best-selling foreign artist of all time in Russia.", "Q152463": "Louis the German (c. 806/810 \u2013 28 August 876), also known as Louis II, was the first king of East Francia, and ruled from 843\u2013876 AD. Grandson of emperor Charlemagne and the third son of Louis the Pious, emperor of Francia, and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye, he received the appellation Germanicus shortly after his death in recognition of Magna Germania of the Roman Empire, reflecting the Carolingians' assertions that they were the rightful descendants of the Roman Empire. \n\nAfter protracted clashes with his father and his brothers, Louis received the East Frankish kingdom in the 843 Treaty of Verdun. His attempts to conquer his half-brother Charles the Bald's West Frankish kingdom in 858\u201359 were unsuccessful. The 860s were marked by a severe crisis, with the East Frankish rebellions of the sons, as well as struggles to maintain supremacy over his realm. In the Treaty of Meerssen he acquired Lotharingia for the East Frankish kingdom in 870. On the other hand, he tried and failed to claim both the title of Emperor and Italy. In the East, Louis was able to reach a longer-term peace agreement in 874 after decades of conflict with the Moravians. Due to a decline in the written form in administration and government, Louis' reign predates Ottonian times.", "Q3097": "Remscheid (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281\u025bm\u0283a\u026at] (listen)) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is, after Wuppertal and Solingen, the third largest municipality in Bergisches Land, being located on the northern edge of the region, on the south side of the Ruhr area.\nRemscheid had around 109,000 inhabitants in 2015.\nIts highest point is the Brodtberg (378 m).", "Q68063": "Saint-Prex is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Morges.\nIn 1973, St-Prex was awarded the Wakker Prize for the development and preservation of its architectural heritage.", "Q315784": "Jos\u00e9 Monserrate Feliciano Garc\u00eda (born September 10, 1945), better known simply as Jos\u00e9 Feliciano [xo\u02c8se feli\u02c8sjano], is a Puerto Rican-American musician, singer and composer, best known for many international hits, including his rendition of The Doors' \"Light My Fire\" and the best-selling Christmas single, \"Feliz Navidad\". His music is known for its fusion of styles: Latin, jazz, blues, soul and even rock, created primarily with his unique, signature acoustic guitar sound. His oftentimes mellow easy listening influences are easily recognizable in many songs heard around the world.In the United States, he first received widespread popularity in the 1960s, particularly after his 1968 album Feliciano! reached number two on the music charts. Thus far, he has released over fifty albums, worldwide, in both English and Spanish.", "Q188179": "Kuressaare (Estonian pronunciation: [\u02c8kure\u02c8s\u02d1\u0251\u02d0re]) is a town on Saaremaa island in Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Saaremaa Parish and the capital of Saare County. Kuressaare is the westernmost town in Estonia. The recorded population on 1 January 2018 was 13,276.The town is situated on the southern coast of Saaremaa island, facing the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea, and is served by the Kuressaare Airport, Roomassaare harbour, and Kuressaare yacht harbour.", "Q323236": "Danny Quinn (born Daniele Anthony Quinn; 16 April 1964) is a Mexican-Italian actor. He is the son of Anthony Quinn. Since 1986 he has appeared in more than twenty films, including his role as Carlos in the cult film Band of the Hand.\nFrom 1991 to 1993 he was married to the actress Lauren Holly.\nDanny Quinns most famous movies are Maria Magdalena, Judas and Thomas, all from 2001. In all of the three movies he plays Jesus of Nazareth.\nHe received the America Award of the Italy-USA Foundation in 2019.", "Q197059": "Dejazmatch Zewde Gebre-Sellassie (12 October 1926 \u2013 15 December 2008) was a prominent nobleman, historian and former deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia. He was born in the village of Galdu in the subdistrict of Mecca, to the north-west of Addis Ababa where his father was relegated.", "Q304689": "Jaden Jeremy Shada () (born January 21, 1997) is an American actor, voice actor, singer and musician who is best known for his work as the voice of Finn the Human from the American animated television series Adventure Time and Lance in Voltron: Legendary Defender. He is also known for starring as various characters in the sketch-comedy series Incredible Crew. Shada is also known as the bass player and secondary vocalist in the rock band Make Out Monday.", "Q239508": "Alek Wek (born 16 April 1977) is a South Sudanese-British model and designer who began her fashion career at the age of 18 in 1995. She has been hailed for her influence on the perception of beauty in the fashion industry. She is from the Dinka ethnic group in South Sudan, but fled to Britain in 1991 to escape the civil war in Sudan. In 2015, she was listed as one of BBC's 100 Women.", "Q57287": "Harald V (Norwegian: [\u02c8h\u0251\u0300r\u0251l]; born 21 February 1937) is the King of Norway, having ascended the throne upon the death of his father King Olav V on 17 January 1991.\nHarald was the third child and only son of King Olav V and Princess M\u00e4rtha of Sweden. He was second in the line of succession at the time of his birth, behind his father. In 1940, as a result of the German occupation during World War II, the royal family went into exile. Harald spent part of his childhood in Sweden and the United States. He returned to Norway in 1945, and subsequently studied for periods at the University of Oslo, the Norwegian Military Academy and Balliol College, Oxford.\nIn 1957, following the death of his grandfather Haakon VII, Harald became crown prince as his father became king. A keen sportsman, he represented Norway in sailing at the 1964, 1968, and 1972 Olympic Games, and later became patron of World Sailing. Harald married Sonja Haraldsen in 1968, their relationship having initially being controversial due to her status as a commoner. The couple had two children, M\u00e4rtha Louise and Haakon. Harald succeeded his father as king in 1991, with Haakon becoming his heir apparent.", "Q15065463": "Dr Sergey Vasilyevich Goldin (28 January 1936 \u2013 18 May 2007) was a Soviet and Russian geophysicist, Academician of RAS, member of European Academy of Science and American Geophysical Union, director of Institute of Geophysics in Sibiria Branch of RAS (1996- 2004).", "Q251878": "Muhammad Abdel Hamid Baydoun (born 5 February 1952) is a moderate Lebanese politician and served as a member of the Lebanese parliament from 1992 until 2005. He also served as minister of power and energy as recently as 2005. He participated in many rallies organized by the 14 March coalition.", "Q384": "Skopje (, US also ; Macedonian: \u0421\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0458\u0435 [\u02c8sk\u0254pj\u025b] (listen), Albanian: Shkup) is the capital and largest city of North Macedonia. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre.\nThe territory of Skopje has been inhabited since at least 4000 BC; remains of Neolithic settlements have been found within the old Kale Fortress that overlooks the modern city centre. Originally a Paeonian city, Scupi became the capital of Dardania in the second century BC. On the eve of the 1st century AD, the settlement was seized by the Romans and became a military camp. When the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western halves in 395 AD, Scupi came under Byzantine rule from Constantinople. During much of the early medieval period, the town was contested between the Byzantines and the Bulgarian Empire, whose capital it was between 972 and 992.\nFrom 1282, the town was part of the Serbian Empire and acted as its capital city from 1346 to 1371. In 1392, Skopje was conquered by the Ottoman Turks who called it \u00dcsk\u00fcb, with this name also being in use in English for a time. The town stayed under Ottoman control for over 500 years, serving as the capital of pashasanjak of \u00dcsk\u00fcp and later the Vilayet of Kosovo. At that time the city was famous for its oriental architecture. In 1912, it was annexed by the Kingdom of Serbia during the Balkan Wars. During the First World War the city was seized by the Kingdom of Bulgaria, and after this war, it became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Yugoslavia becoming the capital of the Vardarska banovina. In the Second World War the city was again captured by Bulgaria and in 1944 became the capital of SR Macedonia, then a federated state of Yugoslavia. The city developed rapidly, but this trend was interrupted in 1963 when it was hit by a disastrous earthquake.\nSkopje is located on the upper course of the Vardar River, and is located on a major north-south Balkan route between Belgrade and Athens. It is a center for metal-processing, chemical, timber, textile, leather, and printing industries. Industrial development of the city has been accompanied by development of the trade, logistics, and banking sectors, as well as an emphasis on the fields of transportation, culture and sport. According to the last official count from 2002, Skopje had a population of 506,926 inhabitants; according to official estimates, the city had a population of 544,086 inhabitants, as of 30 June 2015, meaning slightly more than a quarter of all North Macedonia's population lives in the city and its immediate surrounding area.", "Q434277": "Carmen Giannattasio (born 24 April 1975 Avellino) is an Italian operatic soprano. She studied at the Conservatoire Domenico Cimarosa of Avellino and simultaneously at the University of Salerno (degree in Russian and English Literatures). From 1999-2001 she attended the school for young opera singers (L\u2019Accademia di Perfezionamento) at La Scala, Milan. In 2002 she won first and audience prize at Operalia competition in Paris.\n\n", "Q70638": "Ulrich Heinrich Emil Richard Greifelt (8 December 1896 in Berlin \u2013 6 February 1949 in Landsberg Prison) was a German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. He was convicted at the RuSHA trial at Nuremberg, sentenced to life imprisonment, and died in Landsberg Prison.\n\n", "Q163872": "The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed, co-produced, and co-written by Christopher Nolan. Based on the DC Comics character Batman, the film is the second installment of Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005's Batman Begins, starring Christian Bale and supported by Michael Caine, Heath Ledger, Gary Oldman, Aaron Eckhart, Maggie Gyllenhaal, and Morgan Freeman. In the film, Bruce Wayne / Batman (Bale), Police Lieutenant James Gordon (Oldman) and District Attorney Harvey Dent (Eckhart) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City, but are menaced by an anarchistic mastermind known as the Joker (Ledger), who seeks to undermine Batman's influence and turn the city to chaos.\nNolan's inspiration for the film was the Joker's comic book debut in 1940, the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke, and the 1996 series The Long Halloween, which retold Harvey Dent's origin. The \"Dark Knight\" nickname was first applied to Batman in Batman #1 (1940), in a story written by Bill Finger. The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago, as well as in several other locations in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Hong Kong. The film was the first mainstream feature to partially utilize IMAX 70 mm cameras, with Nolan using them for 28 minutes of the film, including the Joker's first appearance. Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight, developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker. Ledger died on January 22, 2008, some months after he completed filming and six months before the film's release from a toxic combination of prescription drugs, leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public.\nUpon its release on July 18, 2008, The Dark Knight achieved significant critical and commercial success. With over $1 billion in revenue worldwide, it became the highest-grossing film of 2008 and is the 46th-highest-grossing film of all time, unadjusted for inflation (4th at the time of release); it also set the record for highest-grossing domestic opening with $158 million, a record it held for three years. The film received eight Academy Award nominations; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor. The Dark Knight is considered one of the best films of its decade and one of the best superhero films ever made. The Dark Knight Rises, the final film in the trilogy, was released on July 20, 2012.", "Q125827": "Matthew Scully (born March 30, 1959) is an American author, journalist, and speechwriter.", "Q71526": "Cl\u00e9ment Janequin (c. 1485 \u2013 1558) was a French composer of the Renaissance. He was one of the most famous composers of popular chansons of the entire Renaissance, and along with Claudin de Sermisy, was hugely influential in the development of the Parisian chanson, especially the programmatic type. The wide spread of his fame was made possible by the concurrent development of music printing.", "Q435169": "John Abineri (18 May 1928 \u2013 29 June 2000) was an English actor.\nBorn in London, he attended the Old Vic drama school and described himself as \"Well educated from the age of five to eighteen\". He spoke a number of languages (including German, Russian and French) fluently, which led to him being cast as a number of different nationalities.\nHis extensive television performances included numerous roles in Cult TV drama series, for which he is now probably best remembered. He had regular roles in Survivors as Hubert Goss, and in HTV's Robin of Sherwood as Herne the Hunter. He appeared on four occasions in Doctor Who and also in the Blake's 7 episode Hostage, taking over the role of Ushton after the sudden death of the actor Duncan Lamont, with whom he had co-starred in the Doctor Who serial Death to the Daleks. He also appeared as Sir George Mortenhurze in the BBC's The Moon Stallion, as Arnold Rimmer's father in Red Dwarf, and as Father Gruber in the 1989 TV adaptation of Around the World in 80 Days.He received an Emmy nomination for his performance as Chingachgook in the TV adaptation of Last Of The Mohicans (1971) and Hawkeye, The Pathfinder (1973). He also played the butler in the original Ferrero Rocher Ambassador's reception advert.His film credits include roles in Funeral in Berlin (1966), The McKenzie Break (1970), Pope Joan (1972), The Godfather Part III (1990) and Giorgino (1994).He was the father of actors Sebastian Abineri, Daniel Abineri and Jaz Abineri.", "Q153769": "The Ambassador is a 1984 American thriller film directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Robert Mitchum, Ellen Burstyn and Rock Hudson. It was the last theatrical release starring Rock Hudson before his death in October 1985.", "Q4934": "Lawrence Edward Page (born March 26, 1973) is an American computer scientist and Internet entrepreneur. He is best known as one of the co-founders of Google along with Sergey Brin.Page was the chief executive officer of Alphabet Inc. (Google's parent company) until stepping down on December 3, 2019. After stepping aside as Google CEO in August 2001 in favor of Eric Schmidt, he re-assumed the role in April 2011. He announced his intention to step aside a second time in July 2015 to become CEO of Alphabet, under which Google's assets would be reorganized. Under Page, Alphabet sought to deliver major advancements in a variety of industries. On December 4, 2019, Page stepped down from his CEO position from Alphabet. Both Page and Sergey Brin remain at Alphabet as co-founders, board members, employees, and controlling shareholders.Forbes placed him 10th in the list \"Billionaires 2019\". As of March 2020, Page is the 11th-richest person in the world, with a net worth of $53.6 billion, according to Forbes.Page is the co-inventor of PageRank, a well-known search ranking algorithm for Google, which he wrote with Brin. Page received the Marconi Prize in 2004 with Brin.", "Q728180": "Ron McClure (born November 22, 1941) is a jazz bassist.", "Q375064": "Laura Carmine (born Laura Yliana Carmine Miranda; April 2, 1983) is a Puerto Rican-born actress who currently resides in Mexico.\n\n", "Q1476255": "S\u00f8ren Gade Jensen (born 27 January 1963) is a Danish politician who has been a Member of the European Parliament since 2019, representing the Liberal party, Venstre. He has been a Liberal member of the Danish Parliament from 2001. Before entering politics, he was a military officer and businessman. \n\n", "Q272079": "Corinne Griffith (n\u00e9 Griffin; November 21, 1894 \u2013 July 13, 1979) was an American film actress, producer, author and businesswoman. Dubbed \"The Orchid Lady of the Screen,\" she was widely regarded as one of the most beautiful actresses of the silent film era. In addition to her beauty, Griffith achieved critical recognition for her performance in Frank Lloyd's The Divine Lady (1929), which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress.\nA native of Texas, Griffith pursued a film career after winning a beauty contest in Southern California. In 1916, she signed a contract with Vitagraph Studios, appearing in numerous films for the studio through the remainder of the decade. In 1920, she began making films for First National Pictures, and became one of the studio's bigger stars. In the mid-1920s, she began executive-producing features, and served as a producer on 1925's D\u00e9class\u00e9e and Classified, in both of which she starred.\nIn the latter part of the 1920s, Griffith's film career slowed, though she had lead performances in Outcast (1928) and the drama The Garden of Eden (also 1928). The following year, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Divine Lady. She starred in Lilies of the Field, a remake of the 1924 film in which she had also starred. Her following film, Back Pay (1930), was promoted as Griffith's final screen appearance before her retirement. She did, however, appear as the lead in Lily Christine, her first sound film, two years later.\nAfter 1932, Griffith retired from acting and became a successful author and businesswoman, writing numerous fiction and non-fiction books, as well as venturing into real estate, in which she had begun investing in the 1920s. She married her third husband, Washington Redskins owner George Preston Marshall, in 1936, and remained married to him until 1958. She made her final film appearance with a minor role in Paradise Alley (1962), which marked her first screen appearance in 28 years. A biographical film about Griffith's life was released in 1963 titled Papa's Delicate Condition, based on her 1952 memoir and focusing on the relationship between her and her father. After suffering a stroke in July 1979, Griffith was hospitalized in Santa Monica, California, where she died shortly after of a heart attack. She left behind a reported estate of $150 million, making her one of the wealthier women in the world at that time.", "Q64895": "Paspels (Romansh: Pasqual) is a former municipality in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged to form the new municipality of Domleschg.", "Q888713": "Robert Stanley Whitlock (born March 18, 1948, in Memphis, Tennessee) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. He is best known as a member of the blues-rock band Derek and the Dominos, with Eric Clapton, in 1970\u201371. Whitlock's musical career began with Memphis soul acts such as Sam & Dave and Booker T. & the M.G.'s before he joined Delaney & Bonnie and Friends in 1968. His association with Delaney & Bonnie bandmate Clapton led to Whitlock's participation in sessions for George Harrison's 1970 triple album All Things Must Pass, in London, and the formation of Derek and the Dominos that year. On the band's sole studio album, the critically acclaimed Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs, Whitlock wrote or co-wrote eight of the album's fourteen tracks, including \"Tell the Truth\", \"Bell Bottom Blues\" and \"Why Does Love Got to Be So Sad?\"\nWhitlock recorded four solo albums during the 1970s, among them Bobby Whitlock and Raw Velvet, and contributed to albums by Clapton, John Lennon, Dr John and the Rolling Stones. He then withdrew from music until releasing It's About Time in 1999. Following his return, Whitlock has recorded and performed with his wife, CoCo Carmel, and since 2006 with other musicians based in Austin, Texas. Among his and Carmel's projects, Other Assorted Love Songs, Live from Whitney Chapel contains acoustic interpretations of songs originally recorded by Derek and the Dominos.", "Q17486376": "Shooting sports is a collective group of competitive and recreational sporting activities involving proficiency tests of accuracy, precision and speed in shooting \u2014 the art of using various types of ranged weapons, mainly referring to man-portable guns (firearms and airguns, in forms such as handguns, rifles and shotguns) and bows/crossbows.Different disciplines of shooting sports can be categorized by equipment, shooting distances, targets, time limits and degrees of athleticism involved. Shooting sports may involve both team and individual competition, and team performance is usually assessed by summing the scores of the individual team members. Due to the noise of shooting and the high (and often lethal) impact energy of the projectiles, shooting sports are typically conducted at either designated permanent shooting ranges or temporary shooting fields in the area away from settlements.", "Q2422354": "Pagan Min (Burmese: \u1015\u102f\u1002\u1036\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038, pronounced [b\u0259\u0261\u00e0\u0270\u0303 m\u026a\u0301\u0270\u0303]; 21 June 1811 \u2013 14 March 1880), was the ninth king of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. Born Maung Biddhu Khyit, he was granted the title of Prince of Pagan by his father Tharrawaddy in August 1842. Pagan Min became king when Tharrawaddy died on 17 November 1846, with the formal title of His Majesty \"Sri Pawara Vijaya Nanda Jatha Maha Dharma Rajadhiraja Pagan Min Taya-gyi\". He married 18 times.Pagan Min won the power struggle to succeed his father by having his rival brothers killed. His chief ministers Maung Baing Zat and Maung Bhein enriched themselves by executing rich subjects.The Second Anglo-Burmese War broke out during the reign of Pagan Min. In 1851 the governor of Pegu, Maung Ok, charged the captains of two British merchant ships with murder, embezzlement, and evasion of custom duties. He fined them 500 rupees, and required their debts be paid before being authorized to return to Kolkata. After receiving their complaints, Lord Dalhousie, the governor-general of British India, sent Commodore George Lambert to the king requesting a compensation of \u00a3920 and the dismissal of Maung Ok. Pagan complied by replacing Maung Ok. But on 6 January 1852, when the new governor declined to meet with a British delegation because Lambert had seized the Burmese Royal ship, all British subjects were evacuated and the coast of Rangoon was blockaded. Within days, British warships were bombarding Yangon. On 7 February, Pagan wrote Dalhousie to protest against the acts of aggression. On 13 February, Dalhousie sent an ultimatum to the king, demanding an equivalent of \u00a3100,000 as compensation for \"having had to prepare for war\", to be paid by 1 April. The ultimatum expired with no reply, and a few days later, British troops invaded the Burmese territory. Britain annexed the province of Pegu in December.Pagan Min\u2019s half brother Mindon opposed the war; he fled with his brother Kanaung to Shwebo and raised the standard of rebellion. After a few weeks of fighting, Pagan\u2019s chief minister Magwe Mingyi went over to Mindon\u2019s side and Pagan Min abdicated on 18 February 1853, in favour of Mindon. Mindon allowed Pagan to live, and released all the European prisoners. Mindon sued for peace with the British but refused to sign a treaty ceding Burmese territory.", "Q371202": "Antwan Andr\u00e9 Patton (born February 1, 1975), better known by his stage name Big Boi, is an American rapper, songwriter, actor and record producer, best known for being a member of American hip hop duo Outkast, alongside Andr\u00e9 3000. Outkast released six studio albums; Big Boi's solo debut Sir Lucious Left Foot: The Son of Chico Dusty was released in July 2010 to critical acclaim. He released his second studio album, Vicious Lies and Dangerous Rumors in 2012. Boomiverse, his third studio album, was released in June 2017.", "Q532174": "Jan \u0160verma (March 23, 1901, Mnichovo Hradi\u0161t\u011b, Austria-Hungary \u2013 November 10, 1944, Chabenec, Low Tatras, Slovakia) was a Czechoslovak journalist, communist activist and resistance fighter against the Nazi-backed Slovak State, considered a national hero in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.\n\u0160verma joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KS\u010c) in 1921. He contributed to Rud\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, the official publication of the KS\u010c and was its editor-in-chief from 1936 to 1938. From 1929 he was a member of the KS\u010c Central Committee and Politburo. \u0160verma spent time in exile in Paris and Moscow during the existence of the Nazi-backed Slovak State and was close to Klement Gottwald, the Chairman of the KS\u010c, who later would become the first Communist president of Czechoslovakia.\n\u0160verma assumed the political leadership of Czechoslovak military units formed in the Soviet Union during the Nazi invasion of the USSR. He died of exhaustion on the mountain Chabenec in the Low Tatras mountain range during a snowstorm on November 10, 1944, while leading an insurrection of Slovak communists against the Slovak State.\nA bridge in Prague at the former location of the Franz Joseph Bridge was named after \u0160verma in 1951. The village Telg\u00e1rt in Slovakia was called \u0160vermovo from 1948 to 1990. The metro station in Prague presently named Jinonice was formerly called \u0160vermova. Many places named after communist-era heroes were renamed after the Velvet Revolution.", "Q12903": "Inoue Hisashi (\u4e95\u4e0a \u3072\u3055\u3057, Inoue Hisashi, 16 November 1934 \u2013 9 April 2010) was a leading Japanese playwright and writer of comic fiction. From 1961 to 1986, he used the pen name of Uchiyama Hisashi.", "Q118218": "Fritz Honegger (25 July 1917 \u2013 4 March 1999) was a Swiss politician.\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 7 December 1977 and handed over office on 31 December 1982. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party. \nDuring his time in office he held the Federal Department of Economic Affairs and was President of the Confederation in 1982.", "Q100457": "Michael Ranft (or Ranfft; also Rauff), in Latin Michael Ranfftius (born December 9, 1700 to G\u00fcldengossa and died April 18 1774 to L\u00f6bichau ) was a Protestant Lutheran pastor, writer, historian and expert on vampires of the Enlightenment in Germany.", "Q469164": "Cesare Zavattini (20 September 1902 \u2013 13 October 1989) was an Italian screenwriter and one of the first theorists and proponents of the Neorealist movement in Italian cinema.", "Q724962": "Giovanni Lilliu (born in Barumini, Italy on 13 March 1914 \u2013 died in Cagliari, 19 February 2012), was a renowned archeologist, academician, publicist and politician and public figure and an expert of the Nuragic civilization. Largely due to his scientific and archeologic work in the Su Nuraxi di Barumini in Sardinia, Italy, the site was inscribed on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1997.", "Q287580": "Little Malcolm is a 1974 British comedy drama film directed by Stuart Cooper. It was entered into the 24th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Silver Bear.The film is based on the stage play Little Malcolm and His Struggle Against the Eunuchs by David Halliwell. The full name of the play is used as the film title on the BFI Flipside 2011 DVD release.An Apple Films project, Little Malcolm was the first feature film produced by former Beatle George Harrison. The film was shot primarily in Lancashire, in the north of England, during February and March 1973. Harrison supplied incidental music for the soundtrack and, after being introduced to the duo Splinter by their manager Mal Evans, produced their song \"Lonely Man\" for inclusion in a pivotal scene.Like many of Apple's film and recording projects, production on Little Malcolm was then jeopardised by lawsuits pertaining to Harrison, John Lennon and Ringo Starr's severing of ties with manager Allen Klein. Speaking in 2011, Cooper said that Harrison \"fought for a very long time to extract Little Malcolm from the official receivers\", adding that its entry in the Berlin festival was only possible because the festival was an artistic forum and not finance-related. After what Cooper described as an \"incredible\" reception at Berlin for \"this very British film\", Little Malcolm went on to win a gold medal at the Atlanta Film Festival in August 1974.Once the Beatles' partnership had been formally dissolved, in January 1975, the film received a brief run in London's West End. In February 1983, Harrison donated his personal copy of Little Malcolm to a New York-based company for screening at a local film festival.\n\n", "Q25177": "Rammstein (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281am\u0283ta\u026an]) is a German Neue Deutsche H\u00e4rte band formed in Berlin in 1994. Their lineup has remained unchanged throughout their history, composed of lead vocalist Till Lindemann, lead guitarist Richard Z. Kruspe, rhythm guitarist Paul Landers, bassist Oliver Riedel, drummer Christoph Schneider, and keyboardist Christian \"Flake\" Lorenz. Prior to their formation, some members were associated with East German punk rock acts Feeling B and First Arsch.\nAfter winning a local contest, Rammstein were able to record demos and send them to different record labels, eventually signing with Motor Music. Working with producer Jacob Hellner, they released their debut album Herzeleid in 1995. Though the album sold poorly at first, the band gained popularity through their live performances and the album eventually reached No. 6 in Germany. Their second album, Sehnsucht, was released in 1997 and debuted at No. 1 in Germany, resulting in a worldwide tour lasting nearly four years and spawning the successful singles \"Engel\" and \"Du hast\" and the live album Live aus Berlin (1999).\nFollowing the tour, Rammstein signed with major label Universal Music and released Mutter in 2001. Six singles were released from the album, all charting in countries throughout Europe. The lead single, \"Sonne\", reached No. 2 in Germany. Rammstein released Reise, Reise in 2004 and had two more singles reach No. 2 in Germany; \"Mein Teil\" and \"Amerika\". Their fifth album, Rosenrot, was released in 2005, and the lead single, \"Benzin\", reached No. 1 in Finland, becoming their first ever No. 1 single. Their second live album, V\u00f6lkerball, was released in 2006.\nThe band released their sixth album, Liebe ist f\u00fcr alle da, in 2009, with its lead single, \"Pussy\", becoming their first No. 1 hit in Germany despite having a controversial music video that featured hardcore pornography. The band then entered a recording hiatus and toured for several years, releasing the Made in Germany greatest hits album as well as the Rammstein in Amerika and Paris live albums. After a decade without new music, Rammstein returned in 2019 with the song \"Deutschland\", which became their second No. 1 hit in Germany. Their untitled seventh studio album was released in May 2019 and reached No. 1 in 14 countries.\nRammstein were one of the first bands to emerge within the Neue Deutsche H\u00e4rte genre, with their debut album leading the music press to coin the term, and their style of music has generally had a positive reception from music critics. Commercially, the band have been very successful, earning many No. 1 albums as well as gold and platinum certifications in countries around the world. Their grand live performances, which often feature pyrotechnics, have played a part in their popularity growth. Despite success, the band have been subject to some controversies, with their overall image having been subject to criticism; for instance, the song \"Ich tu dir weh\" forced its parent album Liebe ist f\u00fcr alle da to be re-released in Germany with the song removed due to its graphic lyrics about sex.", "Q74338": "General Sir Charles Warren, (7 February 1840 \u2013 21 January 1927) was an officer in the British Royal Engineers. He was one of the earliest European archaeologists of the Biblical Holy Land, and particularly of the Temple Mount. Much of his military service was spent in British South Africa. Previously he was police chief, the head of the London Metropolitan Police, from 1886 to 1888 during the Jack the Ripper murders. His command in combat during the Second Boer War was criticised, but he achieved considerable success during his long life in his military and civil posts.", "Q360469": "Charles III (Italian: Carlo III di Borbone, Duca di Parma e Piacenza; 14 January 1823 \u2013 27 March 1854) was Duke of Parma from 1849 to 1854.\nHe was the only son of Charles II Duke of Parma and was educated in Saxony and Vienna. He grew up as a restless young man and traveled extensively while he was hereditary Prince of Lucca. For a time he served in the Piedmontese army with the rank of Captain. In 1845, his father arranged his marriage with Princess Louise Marie of France, a wealthy heiress who gave him four children. In December 1847, at the death of Empress Marie Louise, his father Charles II became the reigning Duke of Parma, but abdicated on 24 March 1849. Charles III became the Duke of Parma, Piacenza and the Annexed States.\nCharles III owed his throne to the support of Austrian troops. He placed Parma under martial law, inflicted heavy penalties on the members of the late provisional government, closed the university, and instituted a regular policy of persecution. His authoritarian policies made him unpopular. After reigning only five years, he was assassinated in March 1854.", "Q6845": "Elmshorn (German pronunciation: [\u025blms\u02c8h\u0254\u0281n]) is a town in the district of Pinneberg in Schleswig-Holstein in Germany. It is 30 km north of Hamburg on the small river Kr\u00fcckau, a tributary of the Elbe, and with 49,000 inhabitants is the sixth-largest town in the state of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the birthplace of writer and editor Hermann Schl\u00fcter (1851\u20131919), the mathematician Hermann Weyl (1885\u20131955) and the medievalist Heinz Woehlk (1944- ).", "Q192653": "Czech Airlines j.s.c. (abbreviation: \u010cSA, Czech: \u010cesk\u00e9 Aerolinie, a.s.) is the flag carrier of the Czech Republic. Its head office is on the grounds of 6th district Prague, Vokovice. The airline's hub is at V\u00e1clav Havel Airport Prague. The company operates mainly scheduled flights.When, in 2018, 97.74% of Czech Airlines was bought by the privately-owned Smartwings, CSA became a part of the Smartwings Group. The airline runs a frequent flyer programme called \"OK Plus\" in reference to the airline's International Air Transport Association designation, as well as the term of approval; OK also featured prominently in its previous livery, and is the prefix of Czech Republic aircraft registrations. It is a member of the SkyTeam alliance. The remaining 2.26% of CSA is owned by insurance company \u010cesk\u00e1 Poji\u0161\u0165ovna.In the summer season, CSA flies to 50 destinations in Asia and Europe. Czech Airlines carried 2.26 million passengers in 2016, which was a 13% increase compared to 2015. Czech Airlines Technics is responsible for aircraft maintenance.\nCSA is the fifth oldest still operating airline in the world, after Dutch KLM (1919), Colombian Avianca (1919), Australian Qantas (1920), and Soviet/Russian Aeroflot (1923). It was the first airline in the world to fly regular jet-only routes (between Prague and Moscow).", "Q234992": "Lynne Ann Cheney (; n\u00e9e Vincent; born August 14, 1941) is an American author, scholar, and former talk-show host. She is married to the 46th vice president of the United States, Dick Cheney, and served as the second lady of the United States from 2001 to 2009.", "Q100331": "Josef Bergenthal (November 1, 1900 in Oberschledorn, Province of Westphalia \u2013 August 24, 1982) was a German writer and during the period of National Socialism was one of the intellectual supporters of the regime and Nazism.\nBergenthal attended high school in Paderborn. Later he studied law and political sciences and philosophy, history, and drama. After graduation, he spent a year working for a theater magazine in Berlin. He then lived in Munster as a freelance writer and editor. He was often served as editor and also wrote for radio.\nIn the era of National Socialism, he was active propaganda. He worked in the Reich Propaganda Office and he was chairman for North-Rhine Westphalia and Friesland in the National Union of German Writers. He joined the SA in 1933 and the Nazi Party in 1937.\nAfter the end of World War II, he was more active as an author. He then wrote mainly on Westphalian topics. His most successful book was \"M\u00fcnster is full of oddities.\" This reached a circulation of 100,000 copies.", "Q42852": "Abdullah G\u00fcl ( (listen); Turkish: [abdu\u026b\u02c8\u026bah \u02c8\u025fyl]; born 29 October 1950) is a Turkish politician who served as the 11th President of Turkey, in office from 2007 to 2014. He previously served for four months as Prime Minister from 2002 to 2003, and concurrently served as both Deputy Prime Minister and as Foreign Minister between 2003 and 2007. He is currently a member of the Advisory Panel for the President of the Islamic Development Bank.Advocating staunch Islamist political views during his university years, G\u00fcl became a Member of Parliament for Kayseri in 1991 and was re-elected in 1995, 1999, 2002 and 2007. Initially a member of the Islamist Welfare Party, G\u00fcl joined the Virtue Party in 1998 after the former was banned for anti-secular activities. When the party split into hardline Islamist and modernist factions in 2000, G\u00fcl joined fellow party member Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan in advocating the need for reform and moderation. He ran against serving leader Recai Kutan for the Virtue Party leadership at a time when Erdo\u011fan was banned from holding political office. As the candidate for the modernist camp, he came second with 521 votes while Kutan won 633. He co-founded the moderate Justice and Development Party (AKP) with Erdo\u011fan in 2001 after the Virtue Party was shut down in the same year, while hardline conservative members founded the Felicity Party instead.\nG\u00fcl became Prime Minister after the AKP won a landslide victory in the 2002 general election while Erdo\u011fan was still banned from office. His government removed Erdo\u011fan's political ban by March 2003, after which Erdo\u011fan became an MP for Siirt in a by-election and took over as Prime Minister. G\u00fcl subsequently served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister until 2007. His subsequent bid for the Presidency drew strong and highly vocal opposition from ardent supporters of secularism in Turkey and was initially blocked by the Constitutional Court due to concerns over his Islamist political background. He was eventually elected Turkey's first President with a background in Islamic politics after the 2007 snap general election.As President, G\u00fcl came under criticism for giving assent to controversial laws which have been regarded by the political opposition as unconstitutional. In June 2013, he signed a bill restricting alcohol consumption into law despite initially indicating a possible veto, which was seen as a contributing factor to sparking the 2013\u201314 anti-government protests. Other controversies included a law tightening internet regulation in 2013, a law increasing political control over the judiciary in 2014 designed to protect then Prime Minister Erdo\u011fan and others from corruption charges and a law giving the National Intelligence Organisation (M\u0130T) controversial new powers also in 2014. G\u00fcl took a mediating approach during the Gezi Park anti-government protests and government corruption scandals", "Q88183": "Lukas Resetarits (born 14 October 1947, in Stinatz) is an Austrian cabaret artist and actor, best known for playing police inspector Kottan in the Austrian TV series Kottan ermittelt.\nResetarits was born in the Austrian state Burgenland, but his family moved to Vienna when he was at the age of four. Resetarits attended Austrian gymnasium which he finished in 1965. He studied psychology and philosophy at the University of Vienna, at the same time jobbing as rock singer, construction worker and traffic officer at the Vienna International Airport.\nIn 1975 he joined the cabaret group \"KEIF\", which consisted of Wolfgang Teuschl, Erwin Steinhauer, Alfred Rubatschek and Erich Demmer. In 1977 together with Teuschl and Steinhauer he performed the TV cabaret \"Tu felix Austria\".\nOn 26 October 1977 he premiered his first solo program \"Rechts Mitte Links\" in the Konzerthauskeller. In May 1978 he presented his second solo program \"A Krise mua\u00df her\", and performed a second TV cabaret with Teuschl and Steinhauer, \"Man wird ja noch fragen d\u00fcrfen\". He released his first LP vinyl record \"Ein Abend mit Lukas Resetarits\" (\"An Evening with Lukas Resetarits\") in 1979.\nFrom 1980 to 1983 he was main actor in the Austrian TV series Kottan ermittelt, written by Helmut Zenker and directed by Peter Patzak.\nResetarits has been married since 1968 and has two daughters. Willi Resetarits (musician known as Dr. Kurt Ostbahn), Peter Resetarits (TV host at ORF) and Lukas Resetarits are brothers. Karin Resetarits, a present member of the European Parliament, is his divorced sister in law.\n\n", "Q667683": "Joseph Henry Maclagan Wedderburn FRSE FRS (2 February 1882, in Forfar, Angus, Scotland \u2013 9 October 1948, in Princeton, New Jersey) was a Scottish mathematician, who taught at Princeton University for most of his career. A significant algebraist, he proved that a finite division algebra is a field, and part of the Artin\u2013Wedderburn theorem on simple algebras. He also worked on group theory and matrix algebra.His younger brother was the lawyer Ernest Wedderburn.", "Q301083": "Homegrown is a 1998 American comedy-drama thriller film directed by Stephen Gyllenhaal and starring Billy Bob Thornton, John Lithgow and Hank Azaria.", "Q81819": "Monica Anna Maria Bellucci (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8m\u0254\u02d0nika bel\u02c8lutt\u0283i]; born 30 September 1964) is an Italian actress and model. Bellucci began her career as a fashion model, modelling for Dolce & Gabbana and Dior, before making a transition to Italian films and later American films and French films.\nShe is perhaps best known to American audiences for her role as Persephone in the 2003 science-fiction films The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions. She also played a Bride of Dracula in Francis Ford Coppola's gothic romance film Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992) and Mal\u00e8na Scordia in the Italian-language romantic drama Mal\u00e8na (2000), and was in the controversial Gaspar No\u00e9 arthouse horror film Irr\u00e9versible (2002), and Mel Gibson's biblical drama The Passion of the Christ (2004), in which she portrayed Mary Magdalene. She later played a Bond girl in the 2015 James Bond film Spectre.\n\n", "Q168099": "Zbigniew Ryszard Kozak (born 3 April 1961 in Gdynia) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 7,901 votes in 26 Gdynia district as a candidate from the Law and Justice list.", "Q116553": "Jean Felix Piccard (January 28, 1884 in Basel, Switzerland \u2013 January 28, 1963 in Minneapolis, Minnesota), also known as Jean Piccard, was a Swiss-born American chemist, engineer, professor and high-altitude balloonist. He invented clustered high-altitude balloons, and with his wife Jeannette, the plastic balloon. Piccard's inventions and co-inventions are used in balloon flight, aircraft and spacecraft.\n\n", "Q148349": "Lambeth () is a district in South London, England, in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Charing Cross. The population of the London Borough of Lambeth was 303,086 in 2011. The area experienced some slight growth in the medieval period as part of the manor of Lambeth Palace. By the Victorian era the area had seen significant development as London expanded, with dense industrial, commercial and residential buildings located adjacent to one another. The changes brought by World War II altered much of the fabric of Lambeth. Subsequent development in the late 20th and early 21st centuries has seen an increase in the number of high-rise buildings. The area is home to the International Maritime Organization.", "Q72749": "Marin Yvonne Ireland (born August 30, 1979) is an American stage, film, and television actress. In 2009, she won the Theatre World Award and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for reasons to be pretty. From 2015-2019 she starred on the Amazon Studios original series Sneaky Pete.", "Q337531": "The Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts (French pronunciation: \u200b[akademi de boz\u203fa\u0281], Academy of Fine Arts) is a French learned society. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France. The current President of the Academy (2016) is \u00c9rik Desmazi\u00e8res, a noted engraver and watercolorist.", "Q573128": "Anthony Douglas Gillon Dawson (18 October 1916 \u2013 8 January 1992) was a Scottish actor, best known for his supporting roles as villains in British films such as Alfred Hitchcock's Dial M for Murder (1954) and Midnight Lace (1960), as well as playing Professor Dent in the James Bond film Dr. No (1962). He also appeared as Ernst Stavro Blofeld in From Russia with Love (1963) and Thunderball (1965).", "Q3445958": "The Royal Historical Society, founded 1868, is a learned society of the United Kingdom which advances scholarly studies of history.", "Q446839": "Henry Edward \"Ed\" Roberts (September 13, 1941 \u2013 April 1, 2010) was an American engineer, entrepreneur and medical doctor who invented the first commercially successful personal computer in 1975. He is most often known as \"the father of the personal computer.\" He founded Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) in 1970 to sell electronics kits to model rocketry hobbyists, but the first successful product was an electronic calculator kit that was featured on the cover of the November 1971 issue of Popular Electronics. The calculators were very successful and sales topped one million dollars in 1973. \nA brutal calculator price war left the company deeply in debt by 1974. Roberts then developed the Altair 8800 personal computer that used the new Intel 8080 microprocessor. This was featured on the cover of the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics, and hobbyists flooded MITS with orders for this $397 computer kit.\nBill Gates and Paul Allen joined MITS to develop software and Altair BASIC was Microsoft's first product. Roberts sold MITS in 1977 and retired to Georgia where he farmed, studied medicine and eventually became a small-town doctor living in Cochran, Georgia.", "Q106740": "Dorothy Leigh Sayers (; 13 June 1893 \u2013 17 December 1957) was an English crime writer and poet. She was also a student of classical and modern languages.\nShe is best known for her mysteries, a series of novels and short stories set between the First and Second World Wars that feature English aristocrat and amateur sleuth Lord Peter Wimsey, which remain popular to this day. However, Sayers herself considered her translation of Dante's Divine Comedy to be her best work. She is also known for her plays, literary criticism, and essays.", "Q3573540": "Yves Carcelle (18 May 1948 \u2013 31 August 2014) was a French businessman. He was the chairman and CEO of the LVMH subsidiary Louis Vuitton. He served from 1990 until 2012. He first joined Louis Vuitton in 1989 as a strategic director. Until his death, he was a LVMH executive committee member.Carcelle was born in Paris. He graduated from both the \u00c9cole Polytechnique and INSEAD. He was an Officer of the Legion of Honour, and later became a knight. In the 2010 New Zealand Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed an honorary Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to yachting. He was married to Rebecca and had five children.Carcelle died from kidney cancer on 31 August 2014 in Paris. He was 66.", "Q61053": "Olaf Scholz (German pronunciation: [\u02c8o\u02d0laf \u02c8\u0283\u0254lts]; born (1958-06-14)14 June 1958) is a German politician serving as Federal Minister of Finance and Vice Chancellor under Chancellor Angela Merkel from the CDU since 14 March 2018. He served as First Mayor of Hamburg from 7 March 2011 to 13 March 2018 and Acting Leader of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) from 13 February to 22 April 2018.\nA member of the Bundestag from 1998 to 2001 and again from 2002 to 2011, Scholz was Minister of the Interior of Hamburg under First Mayor Ortwin Runde from May to October 2001 and general secretary of his party under chairman and chancellor Gerhard Schr\u00f6der from 2002 to 2004. He served as Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs in Merkel's first Grand Coalition from 2007 to 2009 and leader of the SPD in Hamburg from 2000 to 2004 and again from 2009 to 2018.\nIn a team with the former state representative Klara Geywitz, he received most votes in the first round of the 2019 SPD leader election, but lost in the ensuing run-off to the winners Norbert Walter-Borjans and Saskia Esken.\n\n", "Q207380": "Isambard Kingdom Brunel (; 9 April 1806 \u2013 15 September 1859) was a British civil engineer who is considered \"one of the most ingenious and prolific figures in engineering history\", \"one of the 19th-century engineering giants\", and \"one of the greatest figures of the Industrial Revolution, [who] changed the face of the English landscape with his groundbreaking designs and ingenious constructions\". Brunel built dockyards, the Great Western Railway (GWR), a series of steamships including the first propeller-driven transatlantic steamship, and numerous important bridges and tunnels. His designs revolutionised public transport and modern engineering.\nThough Brunel's projects were not always successful, they often contained innovative solutions to long-standing engineering problems. During his career, Brunel achieved many engineering firsts, including assisting in the building of the first tunnel under a navigable river and the development of the SS Great Britain, the first propeller-driven, ocean-going, iron ship, which, when launched in 1843, was the largest ship ever built.On the GWR, Brunel set standards for a well-built railway, using careful surveys to minimise gradients and curves. This necessitated expensive construction techniques, new bridges, new viaducts, and the two-mile (3.2 km) long Box Tunnel. One controversial feature was the wide gauge, a \"broad gauge\" of 7 ft 1\u20444 in (2,140 mm), instead of what was later to be known as \"standard gauge\" of 4 ft 8 1\u20442 in (1,435 mm). He astonished Britain by proposing to extend the GWR westward to North America by building steam-powered, iron-hulled ships. He designed and built three ships that revolutionised naval engineering: the SS Great Western (1838), the SS Great Britain (1843), and the SS Great Eastern (1859).\nIn 2002, Brunel was placed second in a BBC public poll to determine the \"100 Greatest Britons\". In 2006, the bicentenary of his birth, a major programme of events celebrated his life and work under the name Brunel 200.", "Q529554": "Anne-Marie Idrac (born 27 July 1951 in Saint-Brieuc, C\u00f4tes-d'Armor) is a French politician, member of the Nouveau Centre political party, was French Minister of State for foreign trade.", "Q1280798": "Halid Be\u0161li\u0107 (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: \u0425\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434 \u0411\u0435\u0448\u043b\u0438\u045b, pronounced [x\u01ce\u02d0lid b\u025b\u0302\u0283lit\u0255]; born 20 November 1953) is a Bosnian folk singer and musician who has been performing professionally since 1979. Halid's singing career was one of the most successful in Yugoslavia, and continues today throughout the entire Balkan region.", "Q102526": "Heinrich Drake (December 20, 1881 \u2013 June 12, 1970) was a German politician (SPD). He was President of the Free State of Lippe from 1925-1933 and again from 1945\u20131947, until Lippe was incorporated into the new state of North Rhine-Westphalia. For a short period in 1945/46, he also served as President of the neighbouring state of Schaumburg-Lippe, which later became part of Lower Saxony. He was born in Lemgo and died in Detmold.", "Q4795970": "Arriba (Spanish for \"up\") was a Spanish daily newspaper published in Madrid between 1935 and 1979. It was the official organ of Falange and also, of the regime during the Franco rule in the country.", "Q68711": "Pr\u00e9verenges is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Morges. It is a Suburb of the city of Lausanne.", "Q981045": "Jonah Richard Lehrer (born June 25, 1981) is an American author who fabricated and misused quotations and facts. Lehrer studied neuroscience at Columbia University and was a Rhodes Scholar. Thereafter, he built a media career that integrated science and humanities content to address broad aspects of human behaviour. Between 2007 and 2012 Lehrer published three non-fiction books that became best-sellers, and also wrote regularly for The New Yorker and Wired.com.\nStarting in 2012, Lehrer was discovered to have routinely recycled his earlier work, plagiarised widely from colleagues, and fabricated or misused quotations and facts. Scrutiny began when freelance journalist Michael Moynihan identified multiple fabrications in Lehrer's third book, Imagine: How Creativity Works (2012), including six quotations attributed to musician Bob Dylan. Imagine and Lehrer's earlier book How We Decide (2009) were recalled after a publisher's internal review found significant problems in that material. He was also fired from The New Yorker and Wired. In 2016, Lehrer published A Book About Love, to negative reviews.", "Q1887157": "Paul Burgess (born 28 September 1950 in Manchester, England) is an English rock drummer, notable for his association with a wide range of British rock and folk-rock bands. In addition to extensive session work, he has been an official member of 10cc, Jethro Tull, Camel, Magna Carta, and The Icicle Works.", "Q579363": "Eirik Hundvin (born on 8 February 1950), also known as Pytten, is a producer and recording engineer for many classic black metal albums, mainly by Norwegian bands, nearly all of which were recorded in the Grieg Hall in Bergen.\nHundvin is the father of Mia Terese Hundvin (born 7 March 1977 in Bergen, Norway), one of Norway's most successful professional team handball players.", "Q26318": "Robert Arthur Kardashian (born March 17, 1987) is an American television personality and businessman. He is known for appearing on Keeping Up with the Kardashians, a reality television series that centers upon his family, as well as its spin-offs. In 2011, Kardashian also competed in the thirteenth season of ABC's Dancing with the Stars, during which he placed second.Rob and his siblings derive most of their revenue by endorsing products such as Coca-Cola, for which they are paid (as of 2016) between $75,000 and $300,000 per post on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter, as per CBC Marketplace and The Telegraph.\n\n", "Q124287": "Aglaja Veteranyi (1962\u20132002) was a Swiss writer of Romanian origin, from a family of Romanian and Hungarian descent. She was born in Bucharest but eventually settled in Switzerland with her family of touring circus performers. She is best known for her novel Why the Child Is Cooking in the Polenta. \nShe ended her life in 2002 by drowning herself in Lake Zurich.", "Q123067": "Americus is the county seat of Sumter County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 17,041. It is the principal city of the Americus Micropolitan Statistical Area, a micropolitan area that covers Schley and Sumter counties and had a combined population of 36,966 at the 2000 census.Americus is the home of Habitat for Humanity's international headquarters, Georgia Southwestern State University, the Windsor Hotel, The Fuller Center for Housing's international headquarters, The Rosalynn Carter Institute for Caregiving, Cafe Campesino, and many other organizations. The city is notable for its rich history, including a large business and residential historic district, and its close proximity to Jimmy Carter National Historic Site, Andersonville National Historic Site, and Koinonia Partners farm.", "Q491350": "Orange is a city located in Orange County, California. It is approximately 3 miles (4.8 kilometers) north of the county seat, Santa Ana. Orange is unusual in this region because many of the homes in its Old Town District were built before 1920. While many other cities in the region demolished such houses in the 1960s, Orange decided to preserve them. The small city of Villa Park is surrounded by the city of Orange. The population was 139,484 as of 2018.", "Q388328": "Carlos Reygadas Castillo (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8ka\u027elos rei\u02c8\u0263a\u00f0as]; born October 10, 1971) is a Mexican filmmaker. Influenced by existentialist art and philosophy, Reygadas' movies feature spiritual journeys into the inner worlds of his main characters, through which themes of love, suffering, death, and life's meaning are explored.\nReygadas has been described as \"the one-man third wave of Mexican cinema\"; his works are generally considered art films, and are known for their expressionistic cinematography, long takes, and emotionally charged stories. His first and third films, Jap\u00f3n (2002) and Silent Light (2007), made him one of Latin America's most prominent writer-directors, with various critics having named Silent Light as one of the best films of its decade. His films Battle in Heaven (2005) and Post Tenebras Lux (2012) divided critics.\nHe has co-produced other directors such as Amat Escalante (Sangre, Los Bastardos, Heli), Carlos Serrano Azcona (The Tree) or Pedro Aguilera (The Influence).", "Q28862": "Musa Anter (1920 \u2013 September 20, 1992), also known as \"Ap\u00ea Musa\" (Kurdish: Ap\u00ea Musa\u200e, literally \"Uncle Musa\"), was a Kurdish dissident writer and activist. He was a prominent Kurdish writer, journalist and intellectual and was assassinated by Turkish JITEM in September 1992.", "Q237914": "Juana Fern\u00e1ndez Morales de Ibarbourou, also known as Juana de Am\u00e9rica, (1892\u20131979) was a Uruguayan poet and one of the most popular poets of Spanish America. Her poetry, the earliest of which is often highly erotic, is notable for her identification of her feelings with nature around her. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times.", "Q40512": "DYTM Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan Sir Muda Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien III (full name: Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam II, GCVO, KCMG; 23 September 1914 \u2013 7 September 1986) was the 28th Sultan of Brunei who ruled from 4 June 1950 until his voluntary abdication from the throne on 5 October 1967. He was also Brunei's Minister of Defence after the country's independence. He was known as \"The Architect of Modern Brunei\", \"The Royal Poet\", and \"The Father of Independence\".", "Q94025": "Sidney Perham (March 27, 1819 \u2013 April 10, 1907) was a U.S. Representative and the 33rd Governor of Maine and was an activist in the temperance movement.", "Q422824": "Kristina Carlson (born 31 July 1949 in Helsinki), also known by her pen name Mari Lampinen, is a Finnish novelist, poet and writer.Her novels include Maan \u00e4\u00e4reen, Herra Darwinin puutarhuri and William N. P\u00e4iv\u00e4kirja. She has also written several books for young adults. Carlson lives in Helsinki.", "Q905812": "Albert Mauritz Atterberg (19 March 1846 \u2013 4 April 1916) was a Swedish chemist and agricultural scientist who created the Atterberg limits, which are commonly referred to by geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists today. In Sweden he is equally known for creating the Atterberg grainsize scale, which remains the one in use.\nAtterberg received his Ph.D. in chemistry from Uppsala University in 1872 and then stayed there as a lecturer in analytical chemistry until 1877, during which time he traveled across Sweden and abroad to study the latest developments in organic chemistry. He then went on to become the principal of the Chemical Station and Seed Control Institute at Kalmar, publishing numerous papers on agricultural research dealing with the classification of varieties of oats and corn between 1891 and 1900.\nIt was towards the age of fifty-four that Atterberg, while continuing his work on chemistry, began to focus his efforts on the classification and plasticity of soils, for which he is most remembered. Atterberg was apparently the first to suggest the limit <0.002 mm as a classification for clay particles. He found that plasticity to be a particular characteristic of clay and as a result of his investigations arrived at the consistency limits which bear his name today. He also conducted studies aiming to identify the specific minerals that give a clayey soil its plastic nature.\nAtterberg\u2019s work on soil classification gained formal recognition from the International Society of Soil Science in a Berlin Conference in 1913. Two year later a U.S. Bureau of Standards report stated that Atterberg's method was \"as simple a one as could be devised, and...it is well that we should become familiar with it.\" The U.S. Bureau of Chemistry and Soils adopted it in 1937.\nThe importance of Atterberg\u2019s work has never been fully realized in his own field of agricultural science, nor in other subjects concerned with clays, such as ceramics. Its introduction to the field of geotechnical engineering was due to Karl Terzaghi, who came to realise its importance at a relatively early stage of his research. Terzaghi\u2019s assistant, Arthur Casagrande, standardized the tests in his paper in 1932 and the procedures have been followed worldwide ever since.\nHe was the uncle of the composer Kurt Atterberg.", "Q373824": "Achern (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ax\u0250n] (listen)) is a city in Western Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is located approximately 18 km southwest of Baden-Baden and 19 km northeast of Offenburg. Achern is the fourth largest city in the county of Ortenau (Ortenaukreis), after Offenburg, Lahr / Black Forest and Kehl.\nAs subsequent to the district reform in the 1970s the population passed the 20,000 mark, Achern requested to be awarded the status of Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt. The status was granted by the State government effective January 1, 1974. Achern collaborates with the communities of Lauf, Sasbach, and Sasbachwalden in administrative matters.\nBesides Achern itself, the municipality includes the boroughs of Fautenbach, Gamshurst, Gro\u00dfweier, M\u00f6sbach, Oberachern, \u00d6nsbach, Sasbachried and Wagshurst.", "Q69180": "Stetten is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.", "Q188384": "Orlando is a 1992 British period drama film loosely based on Virginia Woolf's 1928 novel Orlando: A Biography, starring Tilda Swinton as Orlando, Billy Zane as Marmaduke Bonthrop Shelmerdine, and Quentin Crisp as Queen Elizabeth I. It was written and directed by Sally Potter, who also co-wrote the music for the film (with David Motion).Potter chose to film much of the Constantinople portion of the book in the isolated city of Khiva in Uzbekistan, and made use of the forest of carved columns in the city's 18th century Djuma Mosque. Critics praised the film, and particularly applauded its visual treatment of the settings of Woolf's novel.\nThe film premiered in competition at the 49th Venice International Film Festival, and was re-released in select US cinemas in August 2010.", "Q299557": "Heather Lee Mitchell (born 1958) is an Australian actress, appearing in Australian productions of Stage, television and film. She is a graduate of NIDA (National Institute of Dramatic Art). She is best known as the lead-actress in the 1990s television show \u2013 Spellbinder.", "Q704683": "Rodney Crowell (born August 7, 1950) is an American musician, known primarily for his work as a singer and songwriter in country music. Crowell has had five number one singles on Hot Country Songs, all from his 1988 album Diamonds & Dirt. He has also written songs and produced for other artists.\nHe was influenced by songwriters Guy Clark and Townes Van Zandt. Crowell played guitar and sang for three years in Emmylou Harris' \"Hot Band\".\nHe has won two Grammy Awards in his career, one in 1990 for Best Country Song for the song \"After All This Time\" and one in 2014 Best Americana Album for his album Old Yellow Moon.", "Q554018": "Louis Leprince-Ringuet (27 March 1901, in Al\u00e8s \u2013 23 December 2000, in Paris) was a French physicist, telecommunications engineer, essayist and historian of science.Leprince-Ringuet advocated strongly for the creation of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and remained its indefatigable supporter. He was vice chair (1956\u201369) and chair (1964\u201366) of CERN\u2019s scientific policy committee.", "Q447070": "Stan Lauryssens (born 14 October 1946 in Antwerp) is a Belgian writer. He lives in Antwerp and London.\nAs a journalist in the 1970s and 1980s, Lauryssens travelled the world and claims he interviewed Jack Higgins Harold Robbins, Catherine Cookson, Konsalik, Thor Heyerdahl, Charles de Gaulle and Andy Warhol. He allegedly had prolonged meetings with Hitler\u2019s henchmen: Karl D\u00f6nitz, Sir Oswald Mosley, Leni Riefenstahl, Adolf Eichmann\u2019s family, and Otto G\u00fcnsche and has written five books about the Nazis.\nLauryssens wrote the book Dal\u00ed and I about his experiences with the surrealist painter. Room 9 Entertainment in Hollywood bought film rights. Academy Award nominee Andrew Niccol rewrote the screenplay and will direct the film, entitled Dali & I: The Surreal Story. Lauryssens will be played by Cillian Murphy, with Al Pacino as Dal\u00ed.His non-fiction books were serialised in The Mail on Sunday and are published in English, French, Italian and Polish and have gained cult status in Japan. His first thriller, Black Snow, won him the Hercule Poirot Award 2002 for best crime fiction of the year, and was followed by Dead Corpses (2003) and Red Roses (2004), Deader Than Dead Too (2005), More than Naked (2005), No Time for Tears (2006) and \"The Sooner You Die\". Translation rights for \"Dal\u00ed & I: The Surreal Story\" have been sold in some 30 languages. The book is also out as an Amazon Kindle Edition and on CD, from Tantor Media.\nLauryssens is currently working on a memoir tentatively titled A Curry at Night and Sex on Sunday. This story will recount his seven years as an outcast in an Indian family in the London suburbs that ended with him living for a couple of days in \"cardboard city\" under Waterloo Bridge.", "Q392370": "Jonathan Joseph Heder (; born October 26, 1977) is an American actor and producer. His feature film debut came in 2004 best known as the title character of the comedy film Napoleon Dynamite. He has also acted in the films The Benchwarmers, School for Scoundrels, Blades of Glory, Mama's Boy, When in Rome, and Walt Before Mickey as Roy Disney, and provided voice talents in the animated films Monster House, Surf's Up, and Pinocchio, as well as the Napoleon Dynamite animated series.", "Q159913": "Klaus Kinkel (17 December 1936 \u2013 4 March 2019) was a German statesman, civil servant, diplomat and lawyer, who served as Foreign Minister (1992\u20131998) and Vice Chancellor of Germany (1993\u20131998) in the government of Helmut Kohl.\nKinkel was a career civil servant and a longtime aide to Hans-Dietrich Genscher, and served as his personal secretary in the Federal Ministry of the Interior from 1970 and in senior roles in the Foreign Office from 1974. He was President of Federal Intelligence Service from 1979 to 1982 and a state secretary in the Federal Ministry of Justice from 1982 to 1991. In 1991 he was appointed as the Federal Minister of Justice and joined the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP) shortly after. In 1992 he became Foreign Minister, and in 1993 he also became the Vice Chancellor of Germany and the leader of the Free Democratic Party. He left the government in 1998 following its electoral defeat. Kinkel was a member of the Bundestag from 1994 to 2002, and was later active as a lawyer and philanthropist.\nDuring his brief tenure as Minister of Justice he pressed for the extradition and criminal prosecution of deposed East German dictator Erich Honecker and sought to end the left-wing terrorism of the Red Army Faction. As Foreign Minister he is regarded as one of the most influential European politicians of the 1990s. He personified an \"assertive foreign policy\", increased Germany's peacekeeping engagements overseas, was at the forefront among Western leaders of building a relationship with Boris Yeltsin's newly democratic Russian Federation and pressed for Germany to be given a permanent seat on the UN Security Council. He also championed the Maastricht Treaty, the merging of the Western European Union with the EU to give the EU an independent military capability and the expansion of the EU. Kinkel played a central role in the efforts to resolve the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, and proposed the creation of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.", "Q42305": "Richard I (8 September 1157 \u2013 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine and seemed unlikely to become king, but all of his brothers except the youngest, John, predeceased their father. Richard is known as Richard C\u0153ur de Lion (Norman French: le quor de lion) or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. The troubador Bertran de Born also called him in Richard Oc-e-Non (Occitan for Yes and No), possibly from a reputation for terseness.By the age of 16, Richard had taken command of his own army, putting down rebellions in Poitou against his father. Richard was a central Christian commander during the Third Crusade, leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France and achieving considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin, although he did not retake Jerusalem from Saladin.Richard probably spoke both French and Occitan. He was born in England, where he spent his childhood; before becoming king, however, he lived most of his adult life in the Duchy of Aquitaine, in the southwest of France. Following his accession, he spent very little time, perhaps as little as six months, in England. Most of his life as king was spent on Crusade, in captivity, or actively defending his lands in France. Rather than regarding his kingdom as a responsibility requiring his presence as ruler, he has been perceived as preferring to use it merely as a source of revenue to support his armies. Nevertheless, he was seen as a pious hero by his subjects. He remains one of the few kings of England remembered more commonly by his epithet than his regnal number, and is an enduring iconic figure both in England and in France.", "Q214115": "Lorenzo Valla (Italian pronunciation: [lo\u02c8r\u025bntso \u02c8val\u02d0a]; also Latinized as Laurentius; c. 1407 \u2013 1 August 1457) was an Italian humanist, rhetorician, educator and Catholic priest. He is best known for his textual analysis that proved that the Donation of Constantine was a forgery.\n\n", "Q1246324": "Sir John Evans (17 November 1823 \u2013 31 May 1908) was an English archaeologist and geologist.", "Q4347196": "Frederik Paulsen OBE (born in 1950) is a Swedish billionaire and businessman, and chair of Ferring Pharmaceuticals.", "Q23937": "Ethel Grey Terry Gerard (October 2, 1882 \u2013 January 6, 1931) was an American actress of the silent era. She is best remembered for her role in The Penalty with Lon Chaney.\nEthel Grey Terry was born in Oakland, California, the daughter of actress Lillian Lawrence. Terry appeared in 52 films between 1914 and 1928, sometimes as a leading lady but often in supporting roles.\nShe married Danish actor Carl Gerard in 1910, who she remained with until her death. Terry died on January 6, 1931 in Los Angeles and her ashes were interred in her mother's crypt at Hollywood Forever Cemetery.", "Q1453214": "Fredi (born Matti Kalevi Siitonen; 23 July 1942 in Mikkeli, Finland), is a Finnish comedic actor, musician, singer/songwriter and television presenter. Domestically he is best known as a founding member of the comedic variety ensemble Kivikasvot. Siitonen chose his stage name, Fredi, after a TV cartoon character, Fred Flintstone from \"The Flintstones\". In 1965 he recorded his first song, \"Roskisdyykkarin Balladi\" as Folk Fredi. A year later he dropped the Folk name and was simply known as Fredi. Internationally he represented his country at the Eurovision Song Contest 1967 in Vienna, Austria with the song \"Varjoon - suojaan\" (\"To the Shadow \u2013 To the Safety\"), which received three points and finished 12th of 17 entries. He is also the husband of the former mayor of Helsinki, Eva-Riitta Siitonen. They were married in 1969 and on November 13, 1970, Eva-Riitta gave birth to the late Hanna-Riikka Siitonen, who was a singer and actress. Fredi is also the stepfather of Petri, Eva-Riitta's son from a previous relationship.\nFredi returned to Eurovision in 1976 in The Hague, Netherlands, with the group Fredi & The Friends. Their song \"Pump-Pump\" received 44 points, finishing 11th out of 18. Coincidentally, both contests in which Fredi took part were won by the United Kingdom representatives - Sandie Shaw in 1967 and Brotherhood of Man in 1976.\nIn Finland Fredi has had more than 20 Top-10 Hit singles, and achieved Diamond status with many studio albums like Avaa syd\u00e4mesi mulle (Open Your Heart to Me) and Rakkauslauluja (Lovesongs). In 1968, he did a Finnish cover of Tom Jones's \"Delilah\" as well as a beautiful cover of Procol Harum's \"Whiter Shade of Pale\", and 5 years later, did a cover of David Bowie's \"Starman\" and Elton John's \"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road\". In 1977, he released his first Christmas album, which contains covers of \"Silent Night\" and \"White Christmas\". In 1978 he released one of his most critically acclaimed albums T\u00e4n\u00e4\u00e4n Fredi (Today Fredi). It contained hit singles \"Syntinen y\u00f6\" (\"Night of Sin\"), \"El\u00e4\u00e4 m\u00e4 sain\" (\"Stayin' Alive\") a Finnish version of the Bee Gees song and Space cover \"Magic Fly\" with the Finnish title \"Se outoa on\" (\"It's Weird\"). The album reached over Gold status peaking # 5 in the Finnish Albums Chart. Fredi has sold over 177,000 certified records, which places him among the 50 best-selling male soloists in Finland.In 2010, Fredi started presenting his own talk show, \"Fredin Vieraana\" or Fredi Visits. His shows included songs at the opening and closing of each episode, as well as Fredi interviewing Finnish musicians and singers such as Katri Helena and Titta Jokinen. Today he is still presenting his shows live in Finland.", "Q280006": "The Grand is an improv comedy film directed by Zak Penn. The film has an ensemble cast including Ray Romano, Woody Harrelson, Chris Parnell, Werner Herzog, Jason Alexander, Dennis Farina, David Cross, Gabe Kaplan, Michael Karnow and Cheryl Hines along with several real Las Vegas poker stars.According to Penn, the film is styled after those of Christopher Guest, where each actor is given direction concerning their character, and the actors are left to improvise each individual scene. The plot of The Grand was somewhat more open-ended than Guest's work, however. The focus of the film is a poker tournament played at the Golden Nugget in Las Vegas between the characters in which real poker matches were played by the actors as the scenes were filmed. The film's script did not specify the winner of the tournament, and the ending of the film was determined by the actual game played on set.The film debuted at the Tribeca Film Festival, and was distributed by Anchor Bay Entertainment.The film opened in limited release in the United States on March 21, 2008, opened in wider release on April 4, 2008, and is now on DVD.\n\n", "Q339093": "Benjamin \"BeBe\" Winans (born September 17, 1962) is an American gospel and R&B singer. He is a member of the noted Winans family, most members of which are also gospel artists. Winans has released nine albums, seven with BeBe & CeCe Winans with his sister CeCe and one with 3 Winans Brothers.", "Q1173441": "Davey von Bohlen (born August 11, 1975) is an American musician and songwriter, best known for his roles as guitarist and vocalist in Cap'n Jazz, The Promise Ring, Vermont, and currently, Maritime.", "Q2904295": "Zvi Dinstein (Hebrew: \u05e6\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05e9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05df; 24 July 1926 \u2013 10 April 2012) was a former Israeli civil servant and politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment and Labor Party between 1965 and 1974.", "Q492659": "Ha\u00dffurt (English: Hassfurt) is a town in Bavaria, Germany, capital of the Ha\u00dfberge district. It is situated on the river Main, 20 km east of Schweinfurt and 30 km northwest of Bamberg. In 1852, Ludwig's Western Railway reached the town and between 1892 and 1995, which also had a branch line to Hofheim. The 1867 Hassfurt Bridge, thought to be the first Cantilever bridge built, was also there.", "Q668759": "Eduardo Mart\u00ednez Fajardo (14 August 1924 \u2013 4 July 2019) was a Spanish film actor born in Meis (Pontevedra), Spain. He appeared in 183 films, 75 plays and made 2,000 television appearances between 1947 and 2002.", "Q109842": "Carol Campbell (born 27 May 1966 in Munich, Germany) is an Afro-German actress, model, presenter and yoga coach.\n\n", "Q274187": "Golden Ameda Brooks (born December 1, 1970) is an American actress. She began her career with starring role in the Showtime comedy series, Linc's (1998\u20132000), and later has appeared in films Timecode (2000) and Impostor (2001).\nFrom 2000 to 2008, Brooks starred as Maya Wilkes in the UPN/The CW comedy series, Girlfriends for which she received two NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series nominations. She also has appeared in films Motives (2004), Beauty Shop (2005), Something New (2006) and The Darkest Minds (2018). In 2019, Brooks received critical acclaim for her performance in the TNT limited drama series I Am the Night.", "Q306505": "Esther \"Abbie\" Neal (April 4, 1918-February 15, 2004) was an American musician whose career in country music lasted more than 50 years.", "Q96154": "Ferdinand Friedrich Zimmermann (August 14, 1898 \u2013 July 11, 1967) was a German author. He used his pseudonym of Ferdinand Fried to publish.\nZimmermann was born in Bad Freienwalde, studied economics and philosophy at Berlin, and worked for the newspapers Vossische Zeitung and Berliner Morgenpost before joining the magazine Die Tat in 1931. A supporter of Nazism he joined the Schutzstaffel in 1934 and the Nazi Party itself in 1936. During the War, he worked at the German Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague. After the War, he found work at the Sonntagsblatt and Die Welt newspapers.\nIn 1931 he published the book Das Ende des Kapitalismus (The End of Capitalism), in which he offered the view that laissez-faire capitalism was dead, and that German autarky was the future.", "Q178063": "Francisco Gomes de Amorim (13 August 1827 in P\u00f3voa de Varzim, Portugal \u2013 4 November 1891 in Lisbon) was a Portuguese poet and dramatist who was a friend of Almeida Garrett.", "Q310367": "Jonathan Niven Cryer (born April 16, 1965) is an American actor, comedian and television director. Born into a show business family, Cryer made his motion picture debut as a teenaged photographer in the 1984 romantic comedy No Small Affair; his breakout role came in 1986, playing \"Duckie\" in the John Hughes-written film Pretty in Pink. In 1998, he wrote and produced the independent film Went to Coney Island on a Mission from God... Be Back by Five.\nAlthough Cryer gained fame with his early film roles, it took several years to find success on television as none of his star vehicles, including The Famous Teddy Z, Partners, and The Trouble with Normal, lasted more than 22 episodes. In 2003, Cryer was cast in a co-leading role as Alan Harper on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men, a major hit for twelve seasons for which he won two Primetime Emmy Awards (2009 and 2012). Cryer received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Television in 2011.\nCryer's other film appearances include Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987), Hiding Out (1987), Hot Shots (1991), Holy Man (1998), Tortured (2008), Shorts (2009), and Hit by Lightning (2014). He also has a recurring role in the CBS drama series NCIS, playing Dr. Cyril Taft.\nAfter appearing on the podcast Crime Writers On... it was announced Cryer is joining the team at the Undisclosed podcast for their second season.", "Q177350": "Jacob Dolson Cox, (Jr.) (October 27, 1828 \u2013 August 4, 1900) was a statesman, lawyer, Union Army general during the American Civil War, Republican politician from Ohio, Liberal Republican Party founder, author, and recognized microbiologist. He served as the 28th Governor of Ohio and as United States Secretary of the Interior. As Governor of Ohio, Cox sided for a time with President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan and was against African American suffrage in the South, though he supported it in Ohio. Seeing himself caught between Johnson and the Radical Republicans, Cox decided not to run for reelection. He stayed out of politics for a year, though both Sherman and Grant advocated that Cox replace Stanton as Secretary of War as a means of stemming the demands for Johnson's impeachment. But Johnson declined. When Ulysses S. Grant became president, he nominated Cox Secretary of Interior and Cox immediately accepted.\nSecretary of Interior Cox implemented the first civil service reform in a federal government department, including examinations for most clerks. Grant initially supported Cox and civil service reform, creating America's first Civil Service Commission. However, Cox was opposed by Republican Party managers, who ultimately convinced Grant to cease civil service reforms in the Interior, a large department coveted for its vast Congressional patronage. President Grant and Secretary Cox were at odds over the fraudulent McGarahan Claims and the Dominican Republic annexation treaty. Secretary Cox advocated a lasting, honest, and comprehensive Indian policy legislated by Congress after the Piegan Indian massacre. Cox resigned as Secretary of Interior having been unable to gain Grant's support over civil service reform. Although Cox was a reformer, Grant had believed Cox had overstepped his authority as Secretary of Interior, and had undermined his authority as President. In 1871 Cox founded the Liberal Republicans in opposition to Grant's renomination. In 1876, Cox returned to politics and served one term as a United States Congressman from Ohio. Congressman Cox supported President Hayes's reform efforts, but his term as Congressman was unsuccessful at establishing permanent Civil Service reform.Cox was elected U.S. Representative (Ohio) and served in Congress from 1877 to 1879. Afterwards, Cox never returned to active politics. Cox served as president and receiver of a railroad, Dean of Cincinnati Law School, and as President of the University of Cincinnati. Cox also studied microscopy and made hundreds of photo-micrographs, and in 1881 he was elected fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society. In 1882, Cox started a series of books he authored on Civil War campaigns, which remain today respected histories and memoirs. After Cox retired in 1897, he died in Massachusetts in 1900. Throughout the 20th century, Cox's life was mostly forgotten by historians, however, there has been renewed interest during the 21st century in Cox's military career as Union general during the Civil War, and his implementation of civil service while Secretary of Interior under President Grant, the first cabinet officer to do so in U.S. history.", "Q2511563": "Shunji Fujimura (\u85e4\u6751 \u4fca\u4e8c, Fujimura Shunji, December 8, 1934 \u2013 January 25, 2017) was a Japanese actor from Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan. He appeared in the second series of Monkey as the horse. He appeared in the Death Note live-action movie as Quillsh Wammy A.K.A. Watari.", "Q273830": "Joanna Gleason (n\u00e9e Hall; born June 2, 1950) is a Canadian actress and singer. She is a Tony Award\u2013winning musical theatre actress and has also had a number of notable film and TV roles.", "Q2558605": "Rolie Polie Olie is a 1998-2004 French-Canadian computer-animated children's television series produced by Nelvana and Sparx* in association with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and Disney Channel, and created by William Joyce, Maggie Swanson, and Anne Wood. The show focuses on a little robot who is composed of several spheres and other three-dimensional geometric shapes. The show was one of the earliest series that was fully animated in CG, and the first CG-animated preschool series. Rolie Polie Olie aired reruns on Disney Junior from March 23, 2012 \u2013 September 28, 2014.\nRolie Polie Olie won a Gemini Award in Canada for \"Best Animated Program\" in 1999. The show also won a Daytime Emmy Award for \"Outstanding Special Class Animated Program\" in 2000 and 2005. William Joyce won a 1999 Daytime Emmy for Best Production Design for this series. The show has a vintage atmosphere reminiscent of the 1950s to mid-1960s, with futuristic elements.", "Q538868": "Joseph Manchin III (born August 24, 1947) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from West Virginia, a seat he has held since 2010. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the 34th governor of West Virginia from 2005 to 2010 and the 27th secretary of state of West Virginia from 2001 to 2005.\nManchin is a conservative Democrat who has continued to win elections in West Virginia even though the state now leans heavily Republican. He won the 2004 gubernatorial election by a large margin and was reelected by an even larger margin in 2008; in both years, Republican presidential candidates won West Virginia. Manchin won the special election with 54% of the vote in 2010 to fill the Senate seat vacated by incumbent Democrat Robert Byrd when he died in office. Manchin was elected to a full-term in 2012 with 61% of the vote and reelected with 50% of the vote in 2018. He became the state's senior U.S. Senator when fellow Democrat Jay Rockefeller retired in 2015.\nAs a member of Congress, Manchin is known for his bipartisanship, voting or working with Republicans on issues such as abortion and gun ownership. He opposed the energy policies of President Barack Obama, voted against cloture for the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 (he did not vote on the bill itself), voted to remove federal funding for Planned Parenthood in 2015, and voted to confirm most of President Donald Trump's cabinet and judicial appointees, including Associate Justice Brett Kavanaugh. However, Manchin repeatedly voted against attempts to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (also known as Obamacare), voted to preserve funding for Planned Parenthood in 2017, and voted against the 2017 Republican tax plan. He has complained about the \"toxic\" lack of bipartisanship in Congress. In foreign policy, Manchin has repeatedly called for the withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan and opposed most military intervention in Syria.\n\n", "Q314101": "Alessandro Pasqualini (5 May 1493 \u2013 1559) was an Italian Renaissance architect and engineer, born in Bologna, who helped bring Renaissance architecture to the Low Countries.\nHe was hired by Floris van Egmond, the count of Buren and lord of IJsselstein and Grave, and worked in the Netherlands for 18 years. His most important works from this period are the tower of the church of IJsselstein and the castle of Buren. Other works include an octagonal storey of the church tower of Buren, the facade of the south transept of the Sint-Elisabethkerk (St. Elisabeth church) of Grave and fortifications in Leerdam and Kampen.\nIn 1549, after the death of Maximiliaan van Egmond, Floris' son, Pasqualini was hired by Wilhelm V, duke of J\u00fclich, Kleve and Berg. After the German city of J\u00fclich was destroyed by fire in 1547, Pasqualini designed the reconstruction, based within bastioned fortifications and a square citadel around the castle. He also designed a palace and a town hall in the same town. He died in Bielefeld in 1559.", "Q592895": "K\u014dshun Takami (\u9ad8\u898b \u5e83\u6625, Takami K\u014dshun, born 10 January 1969) is a Japanese author and journalist. He is best known for his 1999 novel Battle Royale, which was later adapted into two live-action films, directed by Kinji Fukasaku, and three manga series.\nTakami was born Hiroharu Takami (\u9ad8\u898b\u5b8f\u6cbb, Takami Hiroharu) on 10 January 1969 in Amagasaki, Hy\u014dgo Prefecture near Osaka and grew up in the Kagawa Prefecture of Shikoku. After graduating from Osaka University with a degree in literature, he dropped out of Nihon University's liberal arts correspondence course program. From 1991 to 1996, he worked for the news company Shikoku Shimbun, reporting on various fields including politics, police reports, and economics.\nBattle Royale was completed after Takami left the news company. It was rejected in the final round of the 1997 literary competition Japan Grand Prix Horror Novel, due to its controversial content depicting Junior High School children forced to kill one another. When finally published in April 1999, it went on to become a bestseller, and only a year later was made into both a manga and a feature film.\nThe novel was translated into English by Yuji Oniki and published by Viz Media in 2003. An expanded English edition was later published by Haika Soru, a division of Viz Media, in 2009. The first manga also began being released in English in 2003, by Tokyopop, with the last volume published in 2006. As well as being critically acclaimed, the Battle Royale series has become infamous not only in Japan, but around the world and has earned cult status.Since Battle Royale, Takami has not released any work.", "Q285618": "The Singing Fool is a 1928 American musical drama Part-Talkie motion picture directed by Lloyd Bacon which was released by Warner Bros. The film stars Al Jolson and is a follow-up to his previous film, The Jazz Singer. It is credited with helping to cement the popularity of American films of both sound and the musical genre.\n\n", "Q497047": "Hans Olov Lindgren (6 January 1932 - 2 November 2012) was a Swedish actor, screenwriter and film producer.\nLindgren was born in 1932 in \u00d6ster\u00e5ker, north of Stockholm, Sweden. He had his acting debut as a 10-year-old in 1942 in V\u00e5rat g\u00e4ng by Gunnar Skoglund and starred in more than 40 film and television productions including R\u00e4nnstensungar (1944), Barnen fr\u00e5n Frostmofj\u00e4llet (1945) (where he starred Ante), Svenska Floyd (1961), and Bombi Bitt och jag (1968). In later years, Lindgren worked for the Riksteatern. He was married to Harriet Anna-Lisa Lindgren (1939\u20132007).", "Q59725": "Remigijus \u017demaitaitis (born 30 May 1982) is a Lithuanian politician and member of the Seimas.", "Q67813": "Gudrun Wagner (n\u00e9e Armann; 15 June 1944 \u2013 28 November 2007) was the second wife of Wolfgang Wagner, sole director of the Bayreuth Festival since 1967. Her behind-the-scenes influence led her to be considered virtual co-director.\n\n", "Q312570": "Levardis Robert Martyn Burton Jr. (born February 16, 1957) is an American actor, presenter, director, and author. His first major part was the role of a young Kunta Kinte in the 1977 ABC television miniseries Roots, a role he reprised in the 1988 television film Roots: The Gift. In 1983 he became the host of the long-running PBS children's series Reading Rainbow, and again performed a lead role as Lt. Commander Geordi La Forge in Star Trek: The Next Generation. He has also directed a number of television episodes for various iterations of Star Trek, among other programs.", "Q284506": "The Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijani: \u041d\u0430\u0445\u0447\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0441\u044b; Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430), abbreviated as Nakhichevan ASSR (Azerbaijani: \u041d\u0430\u0445\u0447\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0421\u0421\u0420; Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0410\u0421\u0421\u0420), was an autonomous republic within the Azerbaijan SSR, itself a republic within the Soviet Union. It was formed on 16 March 1921 and became a part of the Azerbaijan SSR proper on 9 February 1924.\nIn the 1940s, when the Azerbaijani Latin alphabet was being replaced by Cyrillic, the previous flag was replaced by a Soviet flag with \"\u041d\u0430\u0445\u0447\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0421\u0421\u0420\" in gold and a dark blue bar along the fess.", "Q354525": "Dinner for Adele (Czech: Ad\u00e9la je\u0161t\u011b neve\u010de\u0159ela) is a 1977 Czechoslovak comedy detective film directed by Old\u0159ich Lipsk\u00fd. Alternative titles were Adele Hasn't Had Her Dinner Yet, Nick Carter in Prague and Adele Hasn't Had Her Supper Yet.", "Q216064": "Lenka Reinerov\u00e1 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8l\u025b\u014bka \u02c8rajn\u025brova\u02d0]) (May 17, 1916 \u2013 June 27, 2008) was an author from the Czech Republic who wrote exclusively in German. She was born in Prague.", "Q343059": "Jeffrey Wright (born December 7, 1965) is an American actor. He is best known for his Tony, Golden Globe and Emmy winning role as Belize in the Broadway production and acclaimed HBO miniseries Angels in America. He starred as Jean-Michel Basquiat in Basquiat, Felix Leiter in the James Bond films Casino Royale, Quantum of Solace and No Time to Die, Valentin Narcisse in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire, and Beetee in The Hunger Games films.\nSince 2016, Wright has starred as Bernard Lowe and Arnold Weber in the HBO series Westworld.", "Q3875751": "Ne\u015fe Erberk (born October 14, 1964) is a Turkish businesswoman, a former fashion model, beauty contestant and Miss Europe 1984.", "Q206277": "Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup (Danish: K\u00f8benhavns Lufthavn, Kastrup, pronounced [k\u02b0\u00f8pm\u0329\u02c8h\u0251wns \u02c8l\u0254ft\u02cch\u0251w\u02c0n \u02c8k\u02b0\u00e6\u02ccst\u0281\u0254p]; IATA: CPH, ICAO: EKCH) is the main international airport serving Copenhagen, Denmark, the rest of Zealand, the \u00d8resund Region, and a large part of southern Sweden including Scania. It is the largest airport in the Nordic countries with 30 million passengers in 2018 and one of the oldest international airports in Europe. It is the third-busiest airport in Northern Europe, and the busiest for international travel in Scandinavia.The airport is located on the island of Amager, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of Copenhagen city centre, and 24 kilometres (15 mi) west of Malm\u00f6 city centre, which is connected to Copenhagen via the \u00d8resund Bridge. The airport covers an area of 11.8 square kilometres (4.6 sq mi). Most of the airport is situated in the municipality of T\u00e5rnby, with a small portion in the city of Drag\u00f8r.\nThe airport is the main hub out of three used by Scandinavian Airlines and is also an operating base for Sunclass Airlines and Norwegian Air Shuttle. Copenhagen Airport handles around 60 scheduled airlines, and has a maximum operation capability of 83 operations/hour, and a total of 108 jet bridges and remote parking stands. Unlike other Scandinavian airports, most of the airport's passengers are international. In 2015, 6.1% of passengers travelled to and from other Danish airports, 83.5% to/from other European airports, and 10.4% were intercontinental passengers. The airport is owned by K\u00f8benhavns Lufthavne, which also operates Roskilde Airport. The airport employs 1,700 people (not including employees in shops, restaurants, etc.).Copenhagen Airport was originally called Kastrup Airport, since it is located in the small town of Kastrup, now a part of the T\u00e5rnby municipality. The formal name of the airport is still Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup, to distinguish it from Roskilde Airport, whose formal name is Copenhagen Airport, Roskilde.", "Q240222": "Melissa Morrison Higgins (born 19 August 1983) is an Australian singer\u2013songwriter. Her Australian number-one albums are The Sound of White (2004), On a Clear Night (2007) and The Ol' Razzle Dazzle (2012), and her singles include \"Scar\", \"Steer\" and \"Where I Stood\". Higgins was nominated for five ARIA Music Awards in 2004 and won 'Best Pop Release' for \"Scar\". In 2005, she was nominated for seven more awards and won five. Higgins won her seventh ARIA in 2007. Her third album, The Ol' Razzle Dazzle, was released in Australia in June 2012 (July 2012 in the US). As of August 2014, Higgins' first three studio albums had sold over one million units.Higgins' fourth studio album, OZ, was released in September 2014 and consists of cover versions of Australian composers, as well as a book of related essays.\nAlongside her music career, Higgins pursues interests in animal rights and the environment, endeavouring to make her tours carbon neutral. In 2010 she made her acting debut in the feature film Bran Nue Dae and also performed on its soundtrack.", "Q924162": "Peter Joshua Sculthorpe (29 April 1929 \u2013 8 August 2014) was an Australian composer. Much of his music resulted from an interest in the music of Australia's neighbours as well as from the impulse to bring together aspects of native Australian music with that of the heritage of the West. He was known primarily for his orchestral and chamber music, such as Kakadu (1988) and Earth Cry (1986), which evoke the sounds and feeling of the Australian bushland and outback. He also wrote 18 string quartets, using unusual timbral effects, works for piano, and two operas. He stated that he wanted his music to make people feel better and happier for having listened to it. He typically avoided the dense, atonal techniques of many of his contemporary composers. His work was often distinguished by its distinctive use of percussion.", "Q1929657": "Michael Volle (German: ['f\u0254l.l\u025b]; born 1960) is a German operatic baritone. After engagements at several German and Swiss opera houses, he has worked freelance since 2011. While he first appeared in Mozart roles such as Guglielmo, Papageno and Don Giovanni, he moved on to title roles such as Verdi's Falstaff, Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin and Alban Berg's Wozzeck. He has performed at major opera houses in Europe and the Metropolitan Opera, in roles including Mandryka in Arabella and Hans Sachs in Die Meistersinger von N\u00fcrnberg. His awards include Singer of the Year by Opernwelt and Der Faust.", "Q4717224": "Alex J. Mandl (born 1943 in Austria) is a notable Austrian-American businessman, and currently Executive Chairman of smart card giant Gemalto. He has been named \"One of America's Most Powerful Businessmen\" by Forbes magazine.", "Q974741": "Tomasz Adam Merta (7 November 1965, Legnica \u2013 10 April 2010, Smolensk) was a Polish historian and Polish Undersecretary of State from 2005-2010. He served as the Polish Deputy Minister of Culture and National Heritage.Merta was listed on the flight manifest of the Tupolev Tu-154 of the 36th Special Aviation Regiment, which was carrying the President of Poland Lech Kaczy\u0144ski, and crashed near Smolensk-North airport near Smolensk, Russia, on 10 April 2010, killing all aboard. On April 16, 2010 he was posthumously decorated with the Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta, and also posthumously with the Gloria Artis Gold Medal of the National Education Commission. On the same day the Parliament of the Province of Lower Silesia gave him the title of Honorary Citizen of Lower Silesia. He was buried in the cemetery at St. Sophie Barat in Warsaw", "Q1351880": "The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a Christian denomination based in the United States. It is the world's largest Baptist denomination, the largest Protestant denomination in the United States, and the second-largest Christian denomination in the United States, smaller only than the Catholic Church according to self-reported membership statistics (see Christianity in the United States).\nThe word Southern in Southern Baptist Convention stems from it having been organized in 1845 at Augusta, Georgia, by Baptists in the Southern United States who split with northern Baptists over the issue of slavery, with Southern Baptists strongly opposed to abolition and black civil rights. After the American Civil War, another split occurred when most freedmen set up independent black congregations, regional associations, and state and national conventions, such as the National Baptist Convention, which became the second-largest Baptist convention by the end of the 19th century. \nSince the 1940s, the Southern Baptist Convention has shifted from some of its regional and historical identification. Especially since the late 20th century, the SBC has sought new members among minority groups and to become much more diverse. In addition, while still heavily concentrated in the Southern United States, the Southern Baptist Convention has member churches across the United States and 41 affiliated state conventions. Southern Baptist churches are evangelical in doctrine and practice. As they emphasize the significance of the individual conversion experience, which is affirmed by the person having complete immersion in water for a believer's baptism, they reject the practice of infant baptism. Other specific beliefs based on biblical interpretation can vary somewhat due to their congregational polity, which allows local autonomy.The average weekly attendance was 5,297,788 in 2018.", "Q1394262": "Paris Nanterre University (French: Universit\u00e9 Paris Nanterre), formerly called \"Paris X Nanterre\" and more recently \"Universit\u00e9 Paris Ouest Nanterre La D\u00e9fense\", is a French university in the Academy of Versailles. It is one of the most prestigious French universities, mainly in the areas of law, humanities, political science, social and natural sciences and economics. It is one of the thirteen successor universities of the University of Paris. It is located in the western suburb of Nanterre, in the La D\u00e9fense area, the business district of Paris. The university is commonly referred to as Nanterre.", "Q216070": "Arnold Genthe (8 January 1869 \u2013 9 August 1942) was a German-American photographer, best known for his photographs of San Francisco's Chinatown, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, and his portraits of noted people, from politicians and socialites to literary figures and entertainment celebrities.", "Q239093": "Annie Wersching (born March 28, 1977) is an American actress known for her role as Renee Walker in the American television series 24.", "Q1073441": "The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (known as the Fletcher School) is the graduate school of international affairs of Tufts University, in Medford, Massachusetts. Fletcher is well-ranked in its masters and doctoral international affairs programs. As of 2017, the student body numbered around 230, of whom 36 percent were international students from 70 countries, and around a quarter were U.S. minorities. The school's alumni network numbers over 9,500 in 160 countries, and includes ambassadors, diplomats, high ranking military officers, heads of nonprofit organizations, and corporate executives.", "Q85882": "Heinrich Steinfest (born 10 April 1961 in Albury, Australia) is a multiple award-winning Austrian writer of crime novels. Two years after his birth, his emigrant parents moved back to their native Vienna, where he lived until the late 1990s. He then moved to Stuttgart, where he lives today.His novels contain bizarre examples of events that seemingly confound analysis. His most formidable character is Cheng, a Viennese detective with no clear ties to China, born in Vienna to Chinese parents driven there by their enthusiasm for the Viennese waltz.\nAwards he has won include the Deutscher Krimi Preis in 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2009. His novel Der Allesforscher was shortlisted for the German Book Prize in 2014. Steinfest dedicated this novel to his brother who, like the sister of the novel's protagonist, was killed in a mountaineering accident.", "Q445115": "Heather Burns (born April 7, 1975) is an American actress, known for her role as Miss Rhode Island in the 2000 film Miss Congeniality and its sequel. Her other film appearances include You've Got Mail (1998), Two Weeks Notice (2002) and Bewitched (2005).\n\n", "Q2670643": "Cynan Dindaethwy (English: \"Cynan of Dindaethwy\") or Cynan ap Rhodri (\"Cynan son of Rhodri\") was a king of Gwynedd (reigned c. 798 \u2013 c. 816) in Wales of the Early Middle Ages. Cynan was the son of Rhodri Molwynog and ascended to the throne of Gwynedd upon the death of King Caradog ap Meirion in 798. His epithet refers to the commote of Dindaethwy in the cantref Rhosyr. Unlike later kings of Gwynedd, usually resident at Aberffraw in western Anglesey, Cynan maintained his court at Llanfaes on the southeastern coast. Cynan's reign was marked by a destructive dynastic power struggle with a rival named Hywel, usually supposed to be his brother.\nThere is no historical record of Cynan's early years as king, but his reign ended in a combination of natural disasters and military reverses. In 810, there was a bovine plague that killed many cattle throughout Wales. The next year Deganwy, the ancient wooden court of Maelgwn Gwynedd, was struck by lightning.\nA destructive war between Cynan and Hywel raged on Anglesey between 812 and 816, ultimately ending with Cynan's defeat and banishment. Cynan and Hywel are said to be brothers in historical works such as Lloyd's History of Wales, although Lloyd does not cite its source. The Annals of Wales mention the pair only by name, without any title, relation, or patronym. (In comparison, it takes care to point out the brotherly nature of Elisedd's slaughter of Gruffydd ap Cyngen in Powys around the same time.) The genealogies from Jesus College MS 20 deny Cynan and Hywel were brothers at all, instead making Hywel the son of Caradog ap Meirion and a distant cousin of Cynan Dindaethwy son of Rhodri Molwynog. The Harleian genealogies agree with this. Cynan died within a year of his exile according to the Annals of Wales and the Irish Annals.\n\nAfter Cynan's death, there was a battle at his former court at Llanfaes on Anglesey noted by the chronicles, but the combatants are not identified.Cynan's daughter Esyllt became the mother of Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad, the first King of Gwynedd (825-844) known not to have descended from the male line of Cunedda.", "Q16026": "Limburg an der Lahn (officially abbreviated Limburg a. d. Lahn) is the district seat of Limburg-Weilburg in Hesse, Germany.", "Q212216": "Venceslaus Ulricus Hammershaimb (March 25, 1819 \u2013 April 8, 1909) was a Faroese Lutheran minister who established the modern orthography of Faroese, the language of the Faroe Islands, based on the Icelandic language, which like Faroese, derives from Old Norse.\n\n", "Q171735": "Roman Vatslavovich Malinovsky (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0412\u0430\u0301\u0446\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, 1876\u20131918) was a prominent Bolshevik politician before the revolution, while at the same time working as the best paid agent for the Okhrana. They codenamed him 'Portnoi' (the tailor).\nHe was a brilliant orator, tall, red-haired, yellow-eyed and pockmarked.", "Q166249": "The Second Time (Italian: La seconda volta) is a 1995 Italian drama film directed by Mimmo Calopresti. It was entered into the 1996 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q32190": "Beijing Capital International Airport (IATA: PEK, ICAO: ZBAA) is the main international airport serving Beijing. It is located 32 km (20 mi) northeast of Beijing's city centre, in an enclave of Chaoyang District and the surroundings of that enclave in suburban Shunyi District. The airport is owned and operated by the Beijing Capital International Airport Company Limited, a state-controlled company. The airport's IATA Airport code, PEK, is based on the city's former romanized name, Peking.\nBeijing Capital has rapidly ascended in rankings of the world's busiest airports in the past decade. It had become the busiest airport in Asia in terms of passenger traffic and total traffic movements by 2009. It has been the world's second busiest airport in terms of passenger traffic since 2010. The airport registered 557,167 aircraft movements (take-offs and landings), ranking 6th in the world in 2012. In terms of cargo traffic, Beijing airport has also witnessed rapid growth. By 2012, the airport had become the 13th busiest airport in the world by cargo traffic, registering 1,787,027 tons.From September 2019, all oneworld & Skyteam flights from Beijing Capital International Airport were transferred to the new Beijing Daxing International Airport except Cathay Pacific and Cathay Dragon.", "Q43769": "Ottfried Fischer (born 7 November 1953 in Ornats\u00f6d, Lower Bavaria) is a German actor and Kabarett artist best known for his role as Benno Berghammer in the popular German TV series Der Bulle von T\u00f6lz. He is a supporter of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.\n\n", "Q108590": "Kira-Theresa Underberg (born May 6, 1985 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German actress and radio play talker.\nSince 1994, she speaks for some popular radio plays. In 1999, she took over the voice of Anne in the German radio play version of Enid Blyton's The Famous Five (German title: F\u00fcnf Freunde). She continues her work on this series until today. On January 16, 2008 she joined the daytime soap opera Verbotene Liebe in the contract role as Lydia Brandner. Theresa played the role for three years and left the series when she decided to move back to her hometown Hamburg.\nHowever Theresa continued her work as an actress and made her big screen debut with a role in the comedy What a Man, starring next to actor Matthias Schweigh\u00f6fer. Followed by this was the pilot of the new hour long comedy series Es kommt noch Dicker for Sat.1. After a guest appearance in SOKO K\u00f6ln, Sat.1 gave Es kommt noch Dicker a series order. The series premiered on September 10, 2012. Since 2015 she plays the nurse Lizzy Riedm\u00fcller in \"Bettys Diagnose\".", "Q3372820": "Lake View Cemetery is a privately owned, nonprofit garden cemetery located in the cities of Cleveland, Cleveland Heights, and East Cleveland in the U.S. state of Ohio. Founded in 1869, the cemetery was favored by wealthy families during the Gilded Age, and today the cemetery is known for its numerous lavish funerary monuments and mausoleums. The extensive early monument building at Lake View helped give rise to the Little Italy neighborhood, but over-expansion nearly bankrupted the burial ground in 1888. Financial recovery only began in 1893, and took several years. Lake View grew and modernized significantly from 1896 to 1915 under the leadership of president Henry R. Hatch. The cemetery's cautious management allowed it to avoid retrenchment and financial problems during the Great Depression.\nTwo sites within the cemetery are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The first is the James A. Garfield Memorial, erected in 1890 as the tomb of assassinated President James A. Garfield. The second is Wade Memorial Chapel, which began construction in 1898 and was completed in 1901. It honors the memory of Jeptha Wade, one of the cemetery's co-founders, and was donated by his grandson.", "Q54215": "Marian Vayreda i Vila (1853-1903) was a Carlist soldier and activist, a painter and a Catalan writer. He is recognized as key representative of Catalan cultural renaissance of the late 19th century. He is particularly acknowledged for his 1904 novel, La Punyalada, declared one of the best Catalan literary works of all time. Politically Vayreda is considered a typical case of an identity located in-between Carlism and emerging Spain's peripheral nationalisms.", "Q2818864": "A-Lad-In His Lamp is a 1948 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon starring Bugs Bunny, featuring the Genie and Caliph Hassan Pfeffer, who is after Bugs and the genie in his lamp. The voices of Bugs Bunny and Caliph Hassan Pfeffer are voiced by Mel Blanc, and the voice of the genie is played by Jim Backus. The cartoon is a takeoff of the story of Aladdin's Lamp. Elements of this short would later be re-used for the Arabian era in Bugs Bunny & Taz: Time Busters.", "Q4651503": "The AFI Conservatory is a private not-for-profit graduate film school in the Hollywood Hills district of Los Angeles. Students (called \"Fellows\") learn from the masters in a collaborative, hands-on production environment with an emphasis on storytelling. The Conservatory is a program of the American Film Institute founded in 1969.", "Q131311": "The Smolensk air disaster occurred on 10 April 2010, when a Tupolev Tu-154 aircraft of the Polish Air Force crashed near the Russian city of Smolensk, killing all 96 people on board. Among the victims were the President of Poland Lech Kaczy\u0144ski and his wife Maria, the former President of Poland in exile Ryszard Kaczorowski, the chief of the Polish General Staff and other senior Polish military officers, the president of the National Bank of Poland, Polish Government officials, 18 members of the Polish Parliament, senior members of the Polish clergy and relatives of victims of the Katyn massacre. The group was arriving from Warsaw to attend an event commemorating the 70th anniversary of the massacre, which took place not far from Smolensk.\nThe pilots were attempting to land at Smolensk North Airport\u2014a former military airbase\u2014in thick fog, with visibility reduced to about 500 metres (1,600 ft). The aircraft descended far below the normal approach path until it struck trees, rolled inverted and crashed into the ground, coming to rest in a wooded area a short distance from the runway.Both the Russian and Polish official investigations found no technical faults with the aircraft, and concluded that the crew failed to conduct the approach in a safe manner in the given weather conditions. The Polish authorities found serious deficiencies in the organization and training of the Air Force unit involved, which was subsequently disbanded. Several high-ranking members of the Polish military resigned, under pressure from politicians and the media.\nVarious conspiracy theories about the crash have since been in circulation, and are promoted by Law and Justice's leaders Jaros\u0142aw Kaczy\u0144ski (twin brother to Polish President Lech Kaczy\u0144ski) and his deputy, Antoni Macierewicz, who claim the crash was a political assassination. Polish and international investigations did not find any evidence supporting this claim.", "Q213108": "Barking at the Stars (Serbian: \u041b\u0430\u0458\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435 / Lajanje na zvezde) is a 1998 Yugoslav film directed by Zdravko \u0160otra.\nPlot: \nIt was the year 1963. The class is IV2. It's their last year of high school. A boy they call the Philosopher is catching feelings for his classmate, Danica. He's a lot smarter than other students, sometimes even than other professors. There's also his best friend, who is trying to practise boxing for his big match in the capital. His PE teacher prepares him for it passionately. In this story, everyone finds his/her soulmate, even the professors. The Philosopher wants to win over Danica's heart, but he has a rival, his own older brother who appears to be cooler because he has a motorbike and earns money on his own. \nDanica tries hard to resist all the flirting and everything the Philosopher says to her, the way he's trying to win her heart. But eventually, she can't fight back anymore. They go to excursion, with their main professor and along the way, they have their first kiss. This story is all a memory of this couple, long after the high school finished. They're now married and have a son who is going to the prom, using dad's old pick up lines to win a girl over. The movie ends with the legendary quote from the Philosopher where he confessed his feelings to Danica for the first time \"Kako Tanjug javlja, ja te volim\" going out and barking at the stars.", "Q45318": "The Angels' Share is a comedy-drama film directed by Ken Loach and starring Paul Brannigan, John Henshaw, and William Ruane. Set in Glasgow, Scotland, it tells the story of a young father who narrowly avoids a prison sentence. He is determined to turn over a new leaf and when he and his friends from the same community payback group visit a whisky distillery, a route to a new life becomes apparent. The title is from \"the angels' share\", a term for the portion (share) of a whisky's volume that is lost to evaporation during aging in oak barrels.", "Q204474": "id Software LLC () is an American video game developer based in Dallas, Texas. The company was founded on February 1, 1991, by four members of the computer company Softdisk, programmers John Carmack and John Romero, game designer Tom Hall, and artist Adrian Carmack (no relation to John Carmack). Business manager Jay Wilbur was also involved. id Software made important technological developments in video game technologies for the PC (running MS-DOS and Windows), including work done for the Wolfenstein, Doom, and Quake franchises. id's work was particularly important in 3D computer graphics technology and in game engines that are used throughout the video game industry. The company was involved in the creation of the first-person shooter (FPS) genre. Wolfenstein 3D is often considered to be the first true FPS, Doom is a game that popularized the genre and PC gaming in general, and Quake was id's first true 3D FPS.\nOn June 24, 2009, ZeniMax Media acquired the company. In 2015, they opened a second studio in Frankfurt, Germany.", "Q326819": "\u015eerif C\u0131r\u0131k (17 November 1939 \u2013 17 May 2002), also known as A\u015f\u0131k Mahzuni \u015eerif, was a folk musician, ashik, composer, poet, and author from Turkey.Mahzuni \u015eerif was born in Ber\u00e7enek village of Af\u015fin, Kahramanmara\u015f, Turkey in 1940. The word A\u015f\u0131k preceding his name is a title used to indicate his position as a respected musician, but also indicates his affiliation with Alevism, a variety of Shi'a Islam.\nHe became one of Turkey's best-known musical interpreters, and brought strong intellectual and social elements into Turkish folk music and folk poetry. He died on 17 May 2002 in Porz, K\u00f6ln, Germany, four days after his arrival for medical care for his heart problems.", "Q534920": "Dame Marjorie Morris Scardino, , FRSA (born 25 January 1947) is an American-born British business executive. She is the former CEO of Pearson PLC. Scardino became a trustee of Oxfam during her tenure at Pearson. She has been criticized by Private Eye magazine because, while Oxfam campaigns against corporate tax avoidance as part of the IF Coalition, Pearson was \"a prolific tax haven user...routing hundreds of millions of pounds through an elaborate series of Luxembourg companies (and a Luxembourg branch of a UK company) to avoid tax\". She became the first female Chief Executive of a FTSE 100 company when she was appointed CEO of Pearson in 1997. She is also a non-executive director of Nokia and former CEO of the Economist Group. During her time at Pearson, Pearson's profits tripled, to a record \u00a3942m. In December 2013, she joined the board of Twitter as its first female director, after a controversy involving a lack of diversity on the Twitter board.", "Q704697": "John Christopher \"Chris\" Ethridge (February 10, 1947 \u2013 April 23, 2012) was an American country rock bass guitarist. He was a member of the International Submarine Band (ISB) and The Flying Burrito Brothers, and co-wrote several songs with Gram Parsons. Ethridge worked with Nancy Sinatra, Judy Collins, Leon Russell, Delaney Bramlett, Johnny Winter, Randy Newman, Ry Cooder, Linda Ronstadt, The Byrds, Jackson Browne, and Willie Nelson.", "Q385618": "The Melvins are an American rock band formed in 1983, in Montesano, Washington. Their early work was key to the development of both grunge and sludge metal. They have mostly performed as a trio, as well as a quartet with either two drummers/bassists in recent years. Since 1984, vocalist and guitarist Buzz Osborne and drummer Dale Crover have been constant members. The band was named after a supervisor at a Thriftway in Montesano, where Osborne also worked as a clerk; \"Melvin\" was disliked by other employees, and the band's members felt it to be an appropriately ridiculous name.\n\n", "Q715942": "Alexander Eric (\"Alex\") Moulton CBE, FREng (9 April 1920 \u2013 9 December 2012) was an English engineer and inventor, specialising in suspension design.", "Q723228": "Andrzej Saramonowicz (born 23 February 1965 in Warsaw) is a Polish director, actor, journalist and scenarist. Saramonowicz studied history at University of Warsaw before turning to journalism. He collaborated with some of the main Polish mainstream magazines, such as Gazeta Wyborcza, Viva and Przekr\u00f3j. In 2000, his first screenplay and movie P\u00f3\u0142 serio (\"Half seriously\") won him the main award at the 2000 edition of the Festival of Polish Fiction Movies in Gdynia and kickstarted his career as a filmmaker. He then went on to write, produce and direct some of the biggest commercial successes of Polish cinema in the last decade. His comedies Testosteron, Lejdis and Idealny facet dla mojej dziewczyny alone totaled 4.6 million viewers, approximately a quarter of all tickets sold in that period.", "Q9035": "Danish ( (listen); dansk pronounced [\u02c8t\u00e6n\u02c0sk] (listen), dansk sprog [\u02c8t\u00e6n\u02c0sk \u02c8sp\u0281\u0254w\u02c0]) is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people, principally in Denmark, Greenland and in the region of Southern Schleswig in northern Germany, where it has minority language status. Also, minor Danish-speaking communities are found in Norway, Sweden, Spain, the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina. Due to immigration and language shift in urban areas, around 15\u201320% of the population of Greenland speak Danish as their first language.\nAlong with the other North Germanic languages, Danish is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples who lived in Scandinavia during the Viking Era. Danish, together with Swedish, derives from the East Norse dialect group, while the Middle Norwegian language before the influence of Danish and Norwegian Bokm\u00e5l are classified as West Norse along with Faroese and Icelandic. A more recent classification based on mutual intelligibility separates modern spoken Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish as \"mainland Scandinavian\", while Icelandic and Faroese are classified as \"insular Scandinavian\".\nUntil the 16th century, Danish was a continuum of dialects spoken from Schleswig to Scania with no standard variety or spelling conventions. With the Protestant Reformation and the introduction of printing, a standard language was developed which was based on the educated Copenhagen dialect. It spread through use in the education system and administration, though German and Latin continued to be the most important written languages well into the 17th century. Following the loss of territory to Germany and Sweden, a nationalist movement adopted the language as a token of Danish identity, and the language experienced a strong surge in use and popularity, with major works of literature produced in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, traditional Danish dialects have all but disappeared, though regional variants of the standard language exist. The main differences in language are between generations, with youth language being particularly innovative.\nDanish has a very large vowel inventory comprising 27 phonemically distinctive vowels, and its prosody is characterized by the distinctive phenomenon st\u00f8d, a kind of laryngeal phonation type. Due to the many pronunciation differences that set apart Danish from its neighboring languages, particularly the vowels, difficult prosody and \"weakly\" pronounced consonants, it is sometimes considered to be a \"difficult language to learn, acquire and understand\", and some evidence shows that children are slower to acquire the phonological distinctions of Danish compared to other languages. The grammar is moderately inflective with strong (irregular) and weak (regular) conjugations and inflections. Nouns and demonstrative pronouns distinguish common and neutral gender. Like English, Danish only has remnants of a former case system, particularly in the pronouns. Unlike English, it has lost all person marking on verbs. Its syntax is V2 word order, with the finite verb always occupying the second slot in the sentence.", "Q128126": "Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss (; French: [klod levi st\u0281os]; 28 November 1908 \u2013 30 October 2009) was a Belgian-born French anthropologist and ethnologist whose work was key in the development of the theory of structuralism and structural anthropology. He held the chair of Social Anthropology at the Coll\u00e8ge de France between 1959 and 1982 and was elected a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1973. He received numerous honors from universities and institutions throughout the world and has been called, alongside James George Frazer and Franz Boas, the \"father of modern anthropology\".L\u00e9vi-Strauss argued that the \"savage\" mind had the same structures as the \"civilized\" mind and that human characteristics are the same everywhere. These observations culminated in his famous book Tristes Tropiques that established his position as one of the central figures in the structuralist school of thought. As well as sociology, his ideas reached into many fields in the humanities, including philosophy. Structuralism has been defined as \"the search for the underlying patterns of thought in all forms of human activity.\"", "Q130769": "San Francisco is a 1936 musical-drama disaster film directed by Woody Van Dyke, based on the April 18, 1906, San Francisco earthquake. The film, which was the top-grossing movie of that year, stars Clark Gable, Jeanette MacDonald, and Spencer Tracy. The then very popular singing of MacDonald helped make this film a hit, coming on the heels of her other 1936 blockbuster, Rose Marie. Famous silent film directors D. W. Griffith and Erich von Stroheim worked on the film without credit. Griffith directed some of the mob scenes while von Stroheim contributed to the screenplay.\n\n", "Q263389": "Ingunde, Ingund, Ingundis or Ingunda, (born in 567/568), was the eldest child of Sigebert I, king of Austrasia, and his wife Brunhilda, daughter of King Athanagild of the Visigoths. She married Hermenegild and became the first Catholic queen of the Visigoths.\nFollowing the tradition of the time, it would follow that Ingund was named after her father's mother. Her siblings included a sister, Chlodosind (born about 569) and a brother Childebert (born 570). Sigebert became ruler of the Frankish kingdom of Austrasia in 561 on the death of his father Chlothar I.\nIn 575, Sigebert was embroiled in a civil war with his half brother, Chilperic I, king of Neustria. On the verge of victory, Sigebert was assassinated. With the death of Sigebert, Brunhilda and the children were in great fear for their safety. Childebert, only five years old, faced almost certain death from Chilperic. Duke Gundovald immediately came to Paris, where Brunhilda and the children were living, took possession of Childebert and secured his safety among the Austrasian nobility. When Chilperic came to Paris, he seized Brunhilda and ordered Ingund and Chlodosind to be held in custody in the monastery of Meaux. Ingund would have been only seven or eight during this traumatic time.", "Q15249": "The Wildhorn is a mountain of the Alps, straddling the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. At 3,248 metres (10,656 ft) above sea level, it is the highest summit of the Bernese Alps west of the Gemmi Pass. It forms a large glaciated massif, about 10 km wide, extending between the Sanetsch Pass and the Rawil Pass. Along with the Muverans, the Diablerets and the Wildstrubel, the Wildhorn is one the four distinct mountain massifs of the Bernese Alps that lie west of the Gemmi Pass. The massif of the Wildhorn is at the centre between the valleys of the Saane, Simme (both canton of Bern) and the Rhone (Valais). It comprises several distinct summits, including (from west to east) the Arpelistock, Le S\u00e9rac, the Geltenhorn, the Sex Noir, the Sex Rouge, the Schnidehorn and the Six des Eaux Froides. The main crest is between the glaciers named Tungelgletscher and Glacier du Wildhorn. South of the main summit is the almost equally high summit of Mont Pucel (3,177 m). The Wildhorn is surrounded by several large mountain lakes: the Lac de S\u00e9nin, the Lauenensee, the Iffigsee, the Lac de Tseuzier and the Lac des Audannes. The Tungelgletscher, on the north-east face, was measured as 1.9 km in length in 1973.\n\nThe Wildhorn lies approximately halfway between Gstaad (BE; 14 km away), Sion (VS; 14 km) and Lenk (BE; 13 km), its summit being in the municipalities of Lauenen (BE), Savi\u00e8se (VS) and Ayent (VS). The nearest settlements are Lauenen, Anz\u00e8re (Ayent) and Gsteig bei Gstaad. The highest place in the massif that can be easily reached is the Pas de Maimbr\u00e9 station (2,362 m), which is connected to Anz\u00e8re by a gondola lift.\nAs for the other mountains on the crest of the Bernese Alps, the slopes of the Wildhorn experience different types of climate depending on their location: the northern slopes are cooler and wetter while the southern slopes are drier and warmer. Forests are found up to 1,800 metres on the north side and up to 2,100 metres on the south side. Glaciers also reach significantly lower locations on the north side. Vineyards are also very common on the Valais side, especially below 1000 metres, but completely absent on the Bernese side, where alpine pastures dominate the landscape, as in many other areas of the Bernese Oberland.\nThe ascent of the Wildhorn involves either glacier crossings or technical climbs. The Swiss Alpine Club maintains the Wildhornh\u00fctte shelter (2,303 m) in the Iffigtal, above the Iffigsee, on the northern slopes of the mountain. The easiest ascent (a glacier tour) starts from there. Another hut, the Cabane des Audannes (2,505 m) is located near the Lac des Audannes on the south side. More challenging ascents commence from the Geltenh\u00fctte (2,759 m), above the Col du Brochet. The first ascent was made by Gottlieb Samuel Studer in September 1843.", "Q1386100": "Mohamed Ezzat Ahmed Shafiq Abou Aouf (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0641\u200e; 21 August 1948 \u2013 1 July 2019) was an Egyptian actor and composer. Abou Aouf obtained his bachelor degree in medicine. His acting debut was in 1992 in Ice Cream in Gleam (Ays Krim fi Glym) with the Egyptian singer Amr Diab.", "Q339087": "The Big Picture (French original title L'Homme qui voulait vivre sa vie - \"The man who wanted to live his life\") is a 2010 French psychological thriller directed by \u00c9ric Lartigau, and starring Romain Duris, Marina Fo\u00efs, Niels Arestrup and Catherine Deneuve. The story is adapted from the 1997 novel The Big Picture by Douglas Kennedy.\n\n", "Q316064": "John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. (November 25, 1960 \u2013 July 16, 1999), often referred to as John-John or JFK Jr., was an American lawyer, journalist, and magazine publisher. He was a son of President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, and a younger brother of Caroline Kennedy. Three days after his father was assassinated, he rendered a final salute during the funeral procession on his third birthday.\nFrom his childhood years at the White House, Kennedy was the subject of much media scrutiny, and later became a popular social figure in Manhattan as a young adult. Trained as a lawyer, he worked as a New York City assistant district attorney for almost four years. In 1995, he launched George magazine, using his political and celebrity status to publicize it. He died in a plane crash in 1999 at the age of 38.", "Q243059": "Anja Garbarek (born 24 July 1970 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter of mixed Norwegian and Polish descent. She was raised in Oslo, Norway.", "Q725659": "Aleksandr Nikolayevich Balandin (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043d) (born July 30, 1953) is a Russian cosmonaut. He is married with two children. He was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978, and retired on October 17, 1994.\nHe flew as a flight engineer on Soyuz TM-9.He worked at NPO Energia until 1994, and was then President of Lendint-Association until 2000.He was awarded:\n\nHero of the Soviet Union\nPilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR\nOrder of Lenin\nMedal \"For Merit in Space Exploration\"\nOrder of Bernardo O'Higgins", "Q19473": "Huddersfield Town Association Football Club is a professional football club in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England, which competes in the Championship.\nHuddersfield became the first English club to win three successive English League titles in 1926, a feat which only three other clubs have matched. The first two league titles were won under legendary manager and pioneer Herbert Chapman, who also led the club to an FA Cup win in 1922. In the late 1950s the club was managed by Bill Shankly and featured Denis Law and Ray Wilson. Following relegation from the First Division in 1972, Huddersfield spent 45 years in the second, third and fourth tiers of English football, before returning to the top flight in 2017. They were relegated back to the Championship at the end of the 2018\u201319 season.", "Q206505": "Adolfo P\u00e9rez Esquivel (born November 26, 1931) is an Argentine activist, community organizer, painter, writer and sculptor. He was the recipient of the 1980 Nobel Peace Prize for his opposition to Argentina's last civil-military dictatorship (1976\u20131983), during which he was detained, tortured, and held without trial for 14 months; during that period he also received, among other distinctions, the Pope John XXIII Peace Memorial.", "Q271955": "Vahina Giocante (born 30 June 1981) is a French actress.", "Q180914": "John Wilkes Booth (May 10, 1838 \u2013 April 26, 1865) was an American actor who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865. A member of the prominent 19th-century Booth theatrical family from Maryland, and a noted actor, Booth was also a Confederate sympathizer who, denouncing President Lincoln, lamented the recent abolition of slavery in the United States.Originally, Booth and his small group of conspirators had plotted to kidnap Lincoln, but they later agreed to murder him as well as Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Seward, likewise to aid the Confederate cause. Although its Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General Robert E. Lee, had surrendered to the Union Army four days earlier, Booth believed that the Civil War remained unresolved because the Confederate army of General Joseph E. Johnston continued fighting.\nBooth shot President Lincoln once in the back of the head. Lincoln's death the next morning completed Booth's piece of the plot. Seward, severely wounded, recovered, whereas Vice President Johnson was never attacked. Booth fled on horseback to southern Maryland and, 12 days later, at a farm in rural northern Virginia, was tracked down sheltered in a barn. Booth's companion there surrendered, but Booth maintained a standoff. After the authorities set the barn ablaze, Union soldier Boston Corbett fatally shot him in the neck. Paralyzed, he died a few hours later. Of the eight conspirators later convicted, four were soon hanged.\n\n", "Q71903": "Otto Brahm (born Otto Abrahamson on 5 February 1856 in Hamburg; died 28 November 1912 in Berlin) was a German drama and literary critic, theatre manager and director. His productions were noted for being accurate and realistic. He was involved in the foundation of the progressive Die Freie B\u00fchne (English: Free Stage) company, of which he became president and producer. He also edited the company's weekly magazine of the same name, but later changed its name to Die neue Rundschau.\nBrahm also managed the Deutsches Theater in Berlin, and was responsible for modernising its output.\nFrom Heinz Herald's memoir of Max Reinhardt entitled Bildnis Eines Theater-Mannes, regarding the birth of modern theatre: \n\nIn Germany, the explosion came in 1889, embodied by Otto Brahm. Her place was the newly grounded vacant stage, her occasion is the premiere of a young unknown poet. His name was Gerhart Hauptmann, his play Before Sunrise. Opinions collapsed, as the representatives of a tradition-bound art calcified with the glowing, indomitable, new style. A well-known Berlin doctor swung a symbolic and a little rude noose after the curtain had fallen. A battle raged, but soon it became clear as day that naturalism had triumphed here on the whole line.\nThe confirmation of this victory occurred when Brahm shortly afterwards took over the direction of the Deutsches Theater, which at that time was still considered to be the leader in Berlin and the Reich. But even Otto Brahm could not fulfill the theoretical ideal of consistent naturalism because it was and is unfulfillable. . . . Art, even naturalistic art, is a choice, omission. The verdict that was literally painted on Brahm\u2019s stage, \"art and nature are one only,\" could not be realized.\nBrahm saw this too soon. His house-poets, led by Ibsen and Hauptmann, supplied him with pieces that one could by no means call naturalistic. They used more naturalistic means, but they also omitted and increased. . . . . [However] there was no longer a stilted language, no idealized decoration, no off-the-ground stage style. The Brahms theater was true, honest, decent, manly. One did not pretend in Brahm\u2019s theatre, one played as lifelike as possible. A great ensemble helped Otto Brahm with this effort. Every time an elementary new stage personality appears, a keen actor seems to form itself around this center. Here were the best Rittner, Sauer, Hermann Muller, Bassermann and Else Lehmann: performers who met exactly the Brahmian style of the naturalness, truthfulness, sober behavior. Through hotly controversial Hauptmann's first performances and many pieces of the naturalistic period, Brahm and his cast rose to what they undoubtedly considered to be the pinnacle of their achievement: the peculiar and pompous cycle of Ibsen.\n[However], Brahm was not a director. This position, which is unknown in our current sense, was more the role of a subaltern. Brahm sat in on the rehearsals in the dark auditorium and tried to bring his actors to where he wanted them by talking after rehearsing. He was a brilliant dramaturg. He was in close contact with his authors, selected the pieces for his playing schedule, occupied them, found and hired new ensemble members. A young actor of his theater, who had noticed him on a short visit to Salzburg and stayed with him for almost a decade, was called Max Reinhardt.\u201d 12-14\n\n", "Q1956929": "Piolo Jose Nonato Pascual (born January 12, 1977) is a Filipino film and television actor, singer, model, and producer.", "Q1347984": "Sanctuary Records Group Limited was a record label based in the United Kingdom and a subsidiary of BMG Rights Management. Until June 2007, it was the largest independent record label in the UK and the largest independent music management company in the world. It was also the world's largest independent owners of music intellectual property rights, with over 160,000 songs.", "Q736143": "James Sallis (born December 21, 1944 in Helena, Arkansas, United States) is an American crime writer, poet, critic, musicologist and musician, best known for his series of novels featuring the detective character Lew Griffin and set in New Orleans, and for his 2005 novel Drive, which was adapted into a 2011 film of the same name.\nSallis began writing science fiction for magazines in the late 1960s. Having sold several stories to Damon Knight for his Orbit series of anthologies, and a story to Michael Moorcock by the time he was in his mid-twenties, Sallis was then invited to go to London to help edit New Worlds just as it changed to its large format during its Michael Moorcock-directed New Wave SF phase; Sallis published his first sf story, \"Kazoo\" there in 1967 and was co-editor from April 1968 through Feb 1969. His clearly acknowledged models in the French avant-garde and the gnomic brevity of much of his work limited his appeal in the science fiction world, though he received some critical acclaim for A Few Last Words (collection, 1970). Sallis has been influenced by French New Novelists including Michel Butor and Robbe-Grillet. Camus\u2019 L'Etranger is mentioned in each of Sallis's novels.Later short work (uncollected until Time's Hammers) appeared in the USA through the 1970s and 1980s.\nHe is the brother of philosopher John Sallis.\n\n", "Q716293": "Mosh\u00e9 Pinchas Feldenkrais (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e0\u05d7\u05e1 \u05e4\u05dc\u05d3\u05e0\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05d6\u200e, May 6, 1904 \u2013 July 1, 1984) was a Ukrainian-Israeli engineer and physicist, known as the founder of the Feldenkrais Method, a system of physical exercise that aims to improve human functioning by increasing self-awareness through movement.\nOne study has found the technique to be effective but another has found no evidence of health benefits. Feldenkrais' theory is that \"thought, feeling, perception and movement are closely interrelated and influence each other.\"", "Q94031": "Rudolf Kompfner (May 16, 1909 \u2013 December 3, 1977) was an Austrian-born engineer and physicist, best known as the inventor of the traveling-wave tube (TWT).\nKompfner was born in Vienna to Jewish parents. He was originally trained as an architect and after receiving his university degree in 1933 he moved to England (due to the rise of anti-Semitism), where he worked as an architect until 1941. However, he had a strong interest in physics and electronics, and after being briefly detained by the British as an enemy alien at the start of World War II he was recruited to work in a secret microwave vacuum tube research program at the University of Birmingham. While there, Kompfner invented the TWT in 1943. After the war he became a British citizen, continued working for the Admiralty as a scientist, and also studied physics at the University of Oxford, receiving his PhD in 1951.Late that year Kompfner was recruited to Bell Labs in the United States by John R. Pierce, where they together developed the TWT into an important element of the communications age. He received the IEEE Medal of Honor for his invention, and in 1974 received the National Medal of Science.\nKompfner died on December 3, 1977, in Stanford, California.\n\n", "Q1289541": "Michael Bennett (April 8, 1943 \u2013 July 2, 1987) was an American musical theatre director, writer, choreographer, and dancer. He won seven Tony Awards for his choreography and direction of Broadway shows and was nominated for an additional eleven.\nBennett choreographed Promises, Promises, Follies and Company. In 1976, he won the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical and the Tony Award for Best Choreography for the musical A Chorus Line. Bennett, under the aegis of producer Joseph Papp, created A Chorus Line based on a workshop process which he pioneered. He also directed and co-choreographed Dreamgirls with Michael Peters.", "Q40506": "Maccagno was a comune (municipality) of 2,000 inhabitants located in the province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located in the Val Veddasca about 70 km northwest of Milan and about 25 km northwest of Varese.\nOn 1 January 2014 the municipalities of Maccagno, Pino sulla Sponda del Lago Maggiore and Veddasca merged into the municipality of Maccagno con Pino e Veddasca.", "Q163457": "Rita Fan Hsu Lai-tai, GBM, GBS, CBE, JP (Chinese: \u8303\u5f90\u9e97\u6cf0; born 20 September 1945) is a senior Hong Kong politician. She was the first President of the Hong Kong SAR Legislative Council from 1998 to 2008 and the member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC).\nFirst Stepping into politics when she was appointed to the colonial Legislative Council in 1983, she rose to the Executive Council in 1989 until she resigned from the colonial services in 1992. She developed a close relationship with the Beijing authorities subsequently, assuming the office of the President of the Beijing-installed Provisional Legislative Council on the eve of the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong. She continued her position as the President of the SAR Legislative Council and first contested in the geographical constituency direct election in Hong Kong Island in 2004.\nShortly before retiring from the Legislative Council in 2008, Fan became the member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) in 2008, where she had been the Hong Kong deputy of the national legislature from 1997. She served in the Standing Committee until her retirement in 2018.", "Q191819": "Sir George Henry Martin, (3 January 1926 \u2013 8 March 2016) was an English record producer, arranger, composer, conductor, audio engineer, and musician. He was referred to as the \"Fifth Beatle\" in reference to his extensive involvement on each of the Beatles' original albums. Paul McCartney said upon Martin's death, \"If anyone earned the title of the fifth Beatle, it was George\".Martin's career spanned more than six decades of work in music, film, television and live performance. Before working with the Beatles and other pop musicians, he produced comedy and novelty records in the early 1950s, working with Peter Sellers, Spike Milligan and Bernard Cribbins, among others. In his career he produced 30 number-one hit singles in the United Kingdom and 23 number-one hits in the United States. He also held a number of senior executive roles at media companies and contributed to a wide range of charitable causes, including his work for The Prince's Trust and the Caribbean island of Montserrat. In recognition of his services to the music industry and popular culture, he was made a Knight Bachelor in 1996.", "Q1418771": "Culturology or science of culture is a branch of social sciences concerned with the scientific understanding, description, analysis, and prediction of cultures as a whole. While different cultural practices were studied by ethnology and anthropology, these studies included diverse aspects: sociological, psychological, etc. and the need was recognized in a discipline focused exclusively on cultural aspects.", "Q453011": "Jacques Werup (14 January 1945 \u2013 12 November 2016) was a Swedish musician, author, poet, stage artist and screenwriter, born in Malm\u00f6. Werup's poetry is often associated to jazz. He was a childhood friend of Mikael Wiehe and G\u00f6ran Skytte and had his first novel published in 1971. He has co-written many songs with long-time collaborator and composer Michael Saxell for various projects including G\u00f6r mig lite levande which is a CD and nationwide stage show with Swedish singer Lill Lindfors and En k\u00e4nsla av ljus, which is a concert Werup and Saxell wrote and performed with Mats Ronander and Benneth Fagerlund. Werup lived in Ystad.\nIn 1997 Werup got the Ferlinpriset together with Ola Magnell, and was 2003 awarded a scholarship by the Swedish Royal Academy. Was also awarded Litteraturfr\u00e4mjandets stora romanpris in 1980.\n\n", "Q49244": "Santa Ana (Spanish for '\"Saint Anne\"') is a city in and the county seat of Orange County, California in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The city is the second most populous in the county. The United States Census Bureau estimated its 2018 population at 332,725, making Santa Ana the 57th most-populous city in the United States.Santa Ana is in Southern California, adjacent to the Santa Ana River, about 10 miles (16 km) from the coast. Founded in 1869, the city is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area, the second largest metropolitan area in the United States, with almost 18 million residents in 2010. Santa Ana is a very densely populated city, ranking fourth nationally in that regard among cities of over 300,000 residents (trailing only New York City, San Francisco, and Boston). In 2011, Forbes ranked Santa Ana the fourth-safest city of over 250,000 residents in the United States. Santa Ana's northwestern and southern edges are part of the two largest commercial clusters in Orange County: the Anaheim\u2013Santa Ana edge city and the South Coast Plaza\u2013John Wayne Airport edge city.\nSanta Ana lends its name to the Santa Ana Freeway (I-5), which runs through the city. It also shares its name with the nearby Santa Ana Mountains, and the Santa Ana winds, which have historically fueled seasonal wildfires throughout Southern California. The current Office of Management and Budget (OMB) metropolitan designation for the Orange County Area is Santa Ana\u2013Anaheim\u2013Irvine, California.\nApproximately four-fifths Latino, the New York Times characterizes Santa Ana as the \"face of a new California, a state where Latinos have more influence in everyday life \u2014 electorally, culturally and demographically \u2014 than almost anywhere else in the country.\"", "Q314673": "Scott Andrew Caan (born August 23, 1976) is an American actor. He stars as Detective Sergeant Danny \"Danno\" Williams in the CBS television series Hawaii Five-0 (2010\u20133rd April 2020), for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. Caan had a recurring role as manager Scott Lavin in the HBO television series Entourage (2009\u20132011). In the 1990s, he was a part of hip hop group The Whooliganz with The Alchemist. The duo went by the names Mad Skillz and Mudfoot, respectively.", "Q4056989": "Agnes of Poland (Polish: Agnieszka Boles\u0142aw\u00f3wna, Russian: \u0410\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430; b. 1137 - d. aft. 1182), was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast and by marriage Princess of Pereyaslavl and Volynia and Grand Princess of Kiev since 1168.\nShe was the daughter of Boles\u0142aw III Wrymouth, Duke of Poland, by his second wife Salomea, daughter of Henry, Count of Berg.", "Q91161": "Wilhelm Ritter von Hertz (24 September 1835 \u2013 7 January 1902) was a German writer. He was born in Stuttgart.", "Q185844": "Quintillus (Latin: Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus Augustus; Died April 270) was Roman Emperor for a few months in 270. He was a brother of Claudius Gothicus.", "Q274805": "Jud Tylor (born March 24, 1979) is a Canadian television and film actress. She has had recurring roles in a number of television programs including That '70s Show and Edgemont.", "Q357776": "Jim Lee (Korean \uc774\uc6a9\ucca0; born August 11, 1964) is a Korean American comic-book artist, writer, editor, and publisher. He is currently the Publisher and Chief Creative Officer of DC Comics. In recognition of his work, Lee has received a Harvey Award, Inkpot Award and three Wizard Fan Awards.\nHe entered the industry in 1987 as an artist for Marvel Comics, illustrating titles such as Alpha Flight and The Punisher War Journal, before gaining popularity on The Uncanny X-Men. X-Men #1, the 1991 spin-off series premiere that Lee penciled and co-wrote with Chris Claremont, remains the best-selling comic book of all time, according to Guinness World Records. His style was later used for the designs of X-Men: The Animated Series.In 1992, Lee and several other artists formed their own publishing company, Image Comics, to publish their creator-owned titles, with Lee publishing titles such as WildC.A.T.s and Gen\u00b9\u00b3 through his studio WildStorm Productions.\nFinding that the role of publisher reduced the amount of time he was able to devote to illustration, Lee sold WildStorm in 1998 to DC Comics, where he continued to run it as a DC imprint until 2010, as well as illustrating successful titles set in DC's main fictional universe, such as the year-long \"Batman: Hush\" and \"Superman: For Tomorrow\" storylines, and books including Superman Unchained and the New 52 run of Justice League. On February 18, 2010, Lee was announced as the new Co-Publisher of DC Comics with Dan DiDio, both replacing Paul Levitz. Upon DiDio's departure from the company in February 2020, Lee became the sole Publisher of DC Comics. \nAside from illustrating comics, he has done work as a designer or creative director on other DC products, such as action figures, video games, branded automobiles and backpacks. Outside of the comics industry, Lee has also designed album covers, and one of General Mills' monster-themed cereals for its 2014 Halloween edition.", "Q1070606": "Momoiro Clover Z (\u3082\u3082\u3044\u308d\u30af\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30fcZ, Momoiro Kur\u014db\u0101 Zetto) is a Japanese idol group, commonly abbreviated as MCZ or Momoclo (\u3082\u3082\u30af\u30ed, Momokuro).\nThe four members of MCZ are known for energetic performances, incorporating elements of ballet, gymnastics, and action movies.MCZ is the first female group to hold a solo concert at National Olympic Stadium in Japan. They are the only group to provide theme music for three major Japanese anime television series with worldwide distribution: Sailor Moon, Dragon Ball Z, and Pok\u00e9mon.In 2013, MCZ grossed the fourth highest total sales revenue by a music artist in Japan, with over \u00a55.2 billion. During 2016, about 636,000 people attended their live concerts, the most ever for a Japanese female group. MCZ has been ranked as the most popular female Japanese idol group from 2013 to 2018.MCZ has collaborated with other performers, including a 2015 recording with American hard rock band KISS, marking KISS's first ever collaborative recording. In 2016, their first overseas tour titled Trans America Ultra Live was held in Hawaii, Los Angeles, and New York.", "Q311723": "Donnie Yen Ji-dan (Chinese: \u7504\u5b50\u4e39; born 27 July 1963) is a Hong Kong actor, martial artist, film director, producer, action choreographer, stuntman and multiple-time world wushu tournament champion.Yen is one of Hong Kong's top action stars. Yen has displayed skill in an array of martial arts, being well-versed in Tai Chi, Boxing, Kickboxing, Jeet Kune Do, Hapkido, Taekwondo, Karate, Muay Thai, Wrestling, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Judo, Wing Chun, and Wushu. One of the most popular film stars in Asia of the early 2000s, Yen is consistently one of the highest paid actors in Asia. Yen earned HK$220 million (US$28.4 million) from four films and six advertisements in 2013.Yen is credited by many for contributing to the popularisation of Wing Chun in China. He played Wing Chun grandmaster Ip Man in the 2008 film Ip Man, which was a box office success. This has led to an increase in the number of people taking up Wing Chun, leading to hundreds of new Wing Chun schools being opened up in mainland China and other parts of Asia. Ip Chun, the eldest son of Ip Man, even mentioned that he is grateful to Yen for making his family's art popular and allowing his father's legacy to be remembered. He has also gained international recognition for playing Chirrut \u00cemwe in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016) and Xiang in xXx: Return of Xander Cage (2017).", "Q7030": "Wismar (German pronunciation: [\u02c8v\u026asma\u0281]) is a port and Hanseatic city in Northern Germany on the Baltic Sea, in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It is located about 45 kilometres (28 miles) east of L\u00fcbeck and 30 kilometres (19 miles) north of Schwerin, and is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Its natural harbour, located in the Bay of Wismar, is protected by a promontory. The population was 42,219 in 2013. It is the capital of the district of Nordwestmecklenburg.\nWith its origins as a Slavic settlement, Wismar's recorded history began in the 12th century. At various times, Wismar has been part of Mecklenburg, Sweden or Germany, including East Germany. It became part of Germany in 1871, though Sweden officially renounced its claims to the city only much later, in 1903. A unique representative of the Hanseatic League city type, with its Brick Gothic constructions and many patrician gable houses, Wismar has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites since 2002, together with the historical core of Stralsund.\n\n", "Q14688472": "The Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law (IU McKinney) is located on the campus of Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) in Indianapolis, Indiana, the urban campus of Indiana University. In the summer of 2001, the school moved to its new building, Lawrence W. Inlow Hall. IU McKinney is one of two law schools operated by Indiana University, the other being the Indiana University Maurer School of Law (IU Maurer) in Bloomington. Although both law schools are part of Indiana University, each law school is wholly independent of the other. According to IU McKinney's 2019 ABA-required disclosures, 59% of the Class of 2018 obtained full-time, long-term, J.D. required within ten months after graduation.Several of IU McKinney's programs have drawn national attention and honors. U.S. News & World Report ranks the school 11th in the nation for its health care law program, 23rd for legal writing, and 23rd for the part-time law program. Additionally, IU McKinney counts among its alumni many distinguished leaders in politics, public service, and the judiciary, including two United States Vice Presidents (Dan Quayle and Mike Pence) and numerous senators, representatives, governors, and ambassadors. In a listing of \"The 50 Most Impressive Law School Buildings in the World,\" IU McKinney's building, Lawrence W. Inlow Hall, ranked 13th.\n\n", "Q15261": "Tambohorn or Pizzo Tambo [\u02c8pittso \u02c8tambo] (Swiss names) or Pizzo Tamb\u00f2 [\u02c8pittso tam\u02c8b\u0254] (used in Italy) is a mountain located at the eastern extremity of the Lepontine Alps on the Swiss-Italian border. The mountain lies on the German-Italian language border, west of the Spl\u00fcgen Pass which divides the Western Alps from the Eastern Alps.\n\nReaching a height of 3,279 metres, it is the highest peak in the Mesolcina sub-chain which, starting from the Lugano Prealps northwards, ends near the Spl\u00fcgen Pass on the boundary between Lombardy (northern Italy) and the Graub\u00fcnden canton of Switzerland.\nThe Tambo is composed mostly of metamorphic rock such as gneiss, mica-schist and phyllite, with a small layer of dolomite just under the peak. It includes three small glaciers, the severally shrunk Tambogletscher on the northeast flank and the Ghiacciaio del Tambo on the west flank, both on the Swiss side, and the by now larger Vedretta della Spianata (3,000-2,740 m) on the southeast side in Italy. Southwards the massif continues with a series of smaller peaks (the highest being the Pizzo Zoccone) before joining the Pizzo Ferr\u00e9.\nPizzo Tamborello (2,669 m) is the name of the eastern shoulder overlooking the Spl\u00fcgen Pass.", "Q562596": "David Alan Grier (born June 30, 1956) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his work on the sketch comedy television show In Living Color.", "Q67191": "Steinen is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.", "Q1317143": "The University of Louisville (UofL) is a public research university in Louisville, Kentucky. It is part of the Kentucky state university system. When founded in 1798, it was the first city-owned public university in the United States and one of the first universities chartered west of the Allegheny Mountains. The university is mandated by the Kentucky General Assembly to be a \"Preeminent Metropolitan Research University\". The university enrolls students from 118 of 120 Kentucky counties, all 50 U.S. states, and 116 countries around the world.The University of Louisville School of Medicine is touted for the first fully self-contained artificial heart transplant surgery as well as the first successful hand transplantation in the United States. The University Hospital is also credited with the first civilian ambulance, the nation's first accident services, now known as an emergency department (ED), and one of the first blood banks in the US.Louisville is also known for its Louisville Cardinals athletics programs. Since 2005, the Cardinals have made appearances in the NCAA Division I men's basketball Final Four in 2005, 2012, and 2013 (vacated), football Bowl Championship Series Orange Bowl in 2007 (champions) and Sugar Bowl in 2013 (champions), the College Baseball World Series 2007, 2013, 2014, 2017 and 2019, the women's basketball Final Four in 2009 (runner-up), 2013 (runner-up), and 2018, and the men's soccer national championship game in 2010. The Louisville Cardinals Women's Volleyball program has three-peated as champions of the Big East Tournament (2008, 2009, 2010), and were Atlantic Coast Conference Champions in 2015 and 2017. Women's track and field program has won Outdoor Big East titles in 2008, 2009 and 2010 and an Indoor Big East title in 2011.", "Q105922": "Kurt Emmerich (31 January 1930 in Hamburg - 3 February 2006 in Hamburg) was a German radio reporter. After the 1982 Soccer World Cup in Spain he was elected the best reporter of the event.", "Q77382": "Martin Emil Ferdinand Haller (1835\u20131925) was a German architect, who designed the Hamburg Rathaus and the building of the Consulate General of the United States in Hamburg, and a member of the Hamburg Parliament.", "Q5627": "Ulyanovsk is a city and the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River 705 kilometers (438 mi) east of Moscow. 613,786\u2009(2010 Census); 635,947\u2009(2002 Census); 625,155\u2009(1989 Census).The city, founded as Simbirsk (\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0431\u0438\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a), is the birthplace of Alexander Kerensky and Vladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov), for whom it was renamed in 1924. It is also famous for its writers such as Ivan Goncharov, Nikolay Yazykov and Nikolay Karamzin and painters (Arkady Plastov and Nikas Safronov). Ulyanovsk has been designated a UNESCO City of Literature since 2015.", "Q41630": "Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques related to the study of the unconscious mind, which together form a method of treatment for mental-health disorders. The discipline was established in the early 1890s by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud and stemmed partly from the clinical work of Josef Breuer and others. Psychoanalysis was later developed in different directions, mostly by students of Freud such as Alfred Adler and his collaborator, Carl Gustav Jung, and by neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm, Karen Horney and Harry Stack Sullivan. Freud retained the term psychoanalysis for his own school of thought.Psychoanalysis is a controversial discipline and its validity as a science is contested. Nonetheless, it remains a strong influence within psychiatry, more so in some quarters than others. Psychoanalytic concepts are also widely used outside the therapeutic arena, in areas such as psychoanalytic literary criticism, as well as in the analysis of film, fairy tales and other cultural phenomena.", "Q973760": "Skindred is a Welsh heavy metal band formed in Newport, Wales, in 1998. Their musical style mixes heavy metal, alternative rock, and ragga. The band also integrate elements of punk rock, hardcore punk, dancehall, jungle, ska, hip hop, drum and bass, dubstep, and various other influences into their music. They are well known for their energetic and involving live performances, and have won several awards including \"Best Live Band\" at the 2011 UK Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards and the \"Devotion Award\" at the 2011 Kerrang! Awards.", "Q85114": "Peter Keglevic (born 1950) is an Austrian film director and screenwriter. He has directed 30 films since 1976. His film Bella Donna was screened at the 1983 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q727066": "Jet Airways (India) Ltd. is a bankrupt and grounded Indian international airline based in Mumbai, India which, on 17 April 2019, ceased all flight operations with its last revenue flight operated by a Jet Konnect Boeing 737 arriving into Mumbai on 17 April 2019. From the third quarter of 2010 onward, Jet Airways was the largest commercial passenger airline in India with a passenger market share of 22.6%. With its competitors, mainly SpiceJet and IndiGo, lowering ticket fares in the following years, it was forced to follow suit, hurting overall performance resulting in steep financial losses. It dropped to second place behind IndiGo in October 2017, with a passenger market share of 17.8%. The downward slide continued and resulted in bankruptcy.", "Q26873": "Milton A. Rothman (November 30, 1919 \u2013 October 6, 2001) was a United States nuclear physicist and college professor.\nHe was also an active science fiction fan and a co-founder of the Philadelphia Science Fiction Society. An occasional author as well, he published stories usually with the pseudonym \"Lee Gregor\".", "Q122345": "Ombretta Colli (born Ombretta Comelli on 21 September 1945) is an Italian singer, actress and politician. She was president of the Province of Milan from June 1999 to June 2004.\n\n", "Q444545": "Marie Rivi\u00e8re (French pronunciation: \u200b[ma\u0281i \u0281ivj\u025b\u0281]; born 22 December 1956) is a French actress and filmmaker. She is known for her collaborations with director \u00c9ric Rohmer.\nFrom a working-class background, Marie Rivi\u00e8re grew up on a housing estate/project in Montreuil before working as a schoolteacher, then as a shop assistant. At 21, having seen L'Amour l'apr\u00e8s-midi, she sent a letter and photo to \u00c9ric Rohmer. He saw her in his office at Les films du losange, in the presence of Arielle Dombasle and Thierry Lhermitte, and offered her a small role in Perceval le Gallois. Two years later she appeared in Rohmer's The Aviator's Wife, the first in the Com\u00e9dies et Proverbes series. The Green Ray, in which she played the fragile dreamer Delphine, was a critical and popular success, and won the Golden Lion at Venice. In 1998 she appeared again for Rohmer in Conte d'automne (Autumn Tale), alongside another Rohmer muse, B\u00e9atrice Romand.\nShe co-directed her first film in 1993, with Marc Rivi\u00e8re, La R\u00e8gle du Silence.", "Q208266": "Out of Africa is a 1985 American epic romantic drama film directed and produced by Sydney Pollack, and starring Robert Redford and Meryl Streep. The film is based loosely on the autobiographical book Out of Africa written by Isak Dinesen (the pseudonym of Danish author Karen Blixen), which was published in 1937, with additional material from Dinesen's book Shadows on the Grass and other sources.\nThe book was adapted into a screenplay by the writer Kurt Luedtke, and filmed in 1984. Streep played Karen Blixen, Redford played Denys Finch Hatton, and Klaus Maria Brandauer played Baron Bror Blixen. Others in the film included Michael Kitchen as Berkeley Cole, Malick Bowens as Farah, Stephen Kinyanjui as the Chief, Michael Gough as Lord Delamere, Suzanna Hamilton as Felicity, and the model and actress Iman as Mariammo. Despite mixed reviews from critics, Out of Africa won seven Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Director for Pollack.", "Q925240": "Webster Griffin Tarpley (born September 1946) is an American author, historian, journalist, lecturer and critic of U.S. foreign and domestic policy. Tarpley is a founder of the Tax Wall Street Party.", "Q490714": "Indian Wells is a city in Riverside County, California, in the Coachella Valley. Incorporated in 1967, it lies in between the cities of Palm Desert and La Quinta. As of the 2010 Census, the city population was 4,958.\n\nThe city hosts the sixth-largest tennis tournament in the world, the Indian Wells Masters tennis tournament, presently known as the BNP Paribas Open. The Indian Wells Masters is one of nine ATP World Tour Masters 1000 high-level events operated by the Association of Tennis Professionals, and one of the four WTA Premier Mandatory tournaments of the Women's Tennis Association. It is held at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden, which contains the second-largest tennis-specific stadium in the world.\n\n", "Q3358993": "Owen Finlay Maclaren, MBE (26 May 1906 \u2013 13 April 1978) was the inventor of the lightweight baby buggy with a collapsible support assembly and founder of the Maclaren company.", "Q561921": "Daniel Paul Federici (January 23, 1950 \u2013 April 17, 2008) was an American musician, best known as the organ, glockenspiel, and accordion player and a founding member for Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band. In 2014, Federici was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band.", "Q217346": "Ithaca is a city in the Finger Lakes region of New York. It is the seat of Tompkins County, as well as the largest community in the Ithaca\u2013Tompkins County metropolitan area. This area contains the municipalities of the Town of Ithaca, the village of Cayuga Heights, and other towns and villages in Tompkins County. The city of Ithaca is located on the southern shore of Cayuga Lake, in Central New York, about 45 miles (72 km) south-west of Syracuse. It is named after the Greek island of Ithaca. Additionally, Ithaca is located 247 miles (398 km) southeast of Toronto, and 223 miles (359 km) northwest of New York City.\nIthaca is home to Cornell University, an Ivy League school of over 20,000 students, most of whom study at its local campus. In addition, Ithaca College is a private, nonsectarian, liberal arts college of over 7,000 students, located just south of the city in the Town of Ithaca, adding to the area's \"college town\" atmosphere. Nearby is Tompkins Cortland Community College (TC3). These three colleges bring tens of thousands of students, who increase Ithaca's seasonal population during the school year. The city's voters are notably more liberal than those in the remainder of Tompkins County or in upstate New York, generally voting for Democratic Party candidates.\nAs of 2010, the city's population was 30,014. A 2018 census estimate stated the population was 30,999.\nNamgyal Monastery in Ithaca is the North American seat of Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama.", "Q877512": "Hot Chip are an English synth-pop band formed in London in 2000. The group consists of multi-instrumentalists Alexis Taylor, Joe Goddard, Al Doyle, Owen Clarke, and Felix Martin. They are occasionally supplemented by Rob Smoughton and Sarah Jones for live performances and studio recordings. The group primarily produces music in the synth-pop and alternative dance genres, drawing influences from house and disco.\nHot Chip began as a bedroom recording project for Taylor and Goddard, who met while students at Elliott School, Putney; their earliest lineup included Smoughton as their drummer. After completing two EPs, Mexico (2001) and San Frandisco (2002), the group released their debut album, Coming on Strong (2004) and added Doyle, Clarke, and Martin to their lineup. The band's second album, The Warning (2006), was nominated for the Mercury Prize. Their follow-up, Made in the Dark (2008), included the single \"Ready for the Floor\", which was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording. The band have subsequently released the albums One Life Stand (2010), In Our Heads (2012), Why Make Sense? (2015), and A Bath Full of Ecstasy (2019).\nOutside of Hot Chip, the band members, individually and in partnership with each other, are active in other musical acts and occasionally perform DJ sets.", "Q313652": "Eric Harry Timothy Mabius (born April 22, 1971) is an American actor. Born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, he graduated from Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville, New York, with a degree in cinema studies. After working in theater productions, Mabius made his film debut in the 1995 independent dark comedy Welcome to the Dollhouse.\nMabius gained widespread recognition for his role as Daniel Meade on the ABC comedy-drama series Ugly Betty. He also appeared on the Showtime series The L Word and in the films Cruel Intentions, The Crow: Salvation, and Resident Evil.", "Q40248": "Julie Bowen Luetkemeyer (born March 3, 1970) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Aunt Gwen on Dawson's Creek (2000), Carol Vessey on Ed (2000\u201304), Denise Bauer on Boston Legal (2005\u201307), Sarah Shephard on Lost (2005\u201307), and Claire Dunphy on the comedy Modern Family (2009\u20132020). The last earned her six nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series (2010\u20132015), winning in 2011 and 2012.\nBowen has also appeared in films such as Happy Gilmore (1996), Multiplicity (1996), Venus and Mars (2001), Joe Somebody (2001), Kids in America (2005), Sex and Death 101 (2007), Crazy on the Outside (2010), Jumping the Broom (2011), and Horrible Bosses (2011).", "Q442652": "Marie Osborne Yeats (November 5, 1911 \u2013 November 11, 2010), credited as Baby Marie between 1914 and 1919, was the first major child star of American silent films. As an adult, from 1934 until 1950, and now billed as Marie Osborne, she continued in film productions, although she appeared only in uncredited roles. In the 1950s, after retiring from the acting profession, she carved out a second career as costume designer for Hollywood film\n\n", "Q453987": "Desmond Child (born John Charles Barrett; October 28, 1953) is an American songwriter and producer. He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2008. He is the son of Joseph Marfy and of songwriter Elena Casals.\nHis hits as a songwriter include Kiss's \"I Was Made for Lovin' You\"; Joan Jett & the Blackhearts' \"I Hate Myself for Loving You\"; Bon Jovi's \"You Give Love a Bad Name\", \"Livin' on a Prayer\", and \"Bad Medicine\"; Aerosmith's \"Dude (Looks Like a Lady), \"Angel\", \"What It Takes\" and \"Crazy\"; Alice Cooper's \"Poison\"; Michael Bolton's \"How Can We Be Lovers?\"; and Ricky Martin's \"The Cup of Life\" and \"Livin' la Vida Loca\".", "Q69802": "Camorino is a former municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.", "Q57734": "Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber bin Mohammed bin Thani Al Thani (born 11 January 1959 or 30 August 1959) (Arabic: \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a) is a Qatari politician. He was the Prime Minister of Qatar from 3 April 2007 to 26 June 2013, and foreign minister from 11 January 1992 to 26 June 2013.", "Q187935": "John Breathitt (September 9, 1786 \u2013 February 21, 1834) was the 11th Governor of Kentucky. He was the first Democrat to hold this office and was the second Kentucky governor to die in office. Shortly after his death, Breathitt County, Kentucky was created and named in his honor.\nEarly in life, Breathitt was appointed a deputy surveyor in Illinois Territory. On his return to Kentucky, he taught at a country school, and through wise investments, amassed enough wealth to sustain him while he studied law with Judge Caleb Wallace. In 1811, he was elected to the first of several terms in the Kentucky House of Representatives. He was the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor in 1828. Although his running mate William T. Barry lost the office of governor to Thomas Metcalfe, Breathitt defeated his opponent for lieutenant governor.\nDuring his term as lieutenant governor, Breathitt was one of several proposed candidates to succeed John Rowan in the United States Senate, but the General Assembly deadlocked over the appointment and the seat went unfilled until the Assembly's next term. In the next gubernatorial election in 1832, Breathitt was the Democratic nominee for governor. Again, Breathitt won, but James Turner Morehead, the Whig candidate for lieutenant governor, defeated Breathitt's running mate. Initially, Breathitt enjoyed popularity for his public condemnation of John C. Calhoun's doctrine of nullification, but he did not fare well in state politics because the Whigs controlled the legislature. He died in office of tuberculosis on February 21, 1834.", "Q354519": "Charley Patton (died April 28, 1934), also known as Charlie Patton, was an American Delta blues musician. Considered by many to be the \"Father of the Delta Blues\", he created an enduring body of American music and inspired most Delta blues musicians. The musicologist Robert Palmer considered him one of the most important American musicians of the twentieth century.\nPatton (who was well educated by the standards of his time) spelled his name Charlie, but many sources, including record labels and his gravestone, use the spelling Charley.", "Q114191": "Willem Jozef Andreas Jonckbloet (6 July 1817, The Hague \u2013 19 October 1885, Wiesbaden) was a Dutch historian, best known for work on medieval poetry.\nFrom 1835 he was a student at the University of Leiden. After pursuing medicine and law, he turned to Low German literature. From 1847 at Deventer, he became a professor at Leiden in 1878.\nIn 1855 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.", "Q2076041": "Sir Peter James Denton Job (born 13 July 1941) is a British journalist and businessman who was CEO of Reuters from 1991 to 2001.Peter Job was born in Exeter, Devon, to Frederick Job and Marion Pickard Tanner. He was educated at Clifton College and Exeter College, Oxford. He began his career as a journalist with Reuters, first as a reporter than a manager, from 1963\u20131970, working in Paris, New Delhi, Kuala Lumpur, Jakarta, and Buenos Aires. He was managing director of Reuters Asia 1978\u20131990, director of Reuters Group 1989\u20132001, and CEO of Reuters Group from 1991\u20132001.He was knighted in the 2001 Birthday Honours for services to the Information and Media Industry.He married Christine Cobley in 1966, and has a daughter, Laura, and son, Luke.", "Q128668": "Jo\u00e3o Carlos Greg\u00f3rio Domingos Vicente Francisco de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, 1st Duke of Saldanha, (17 November 1790 \u2013 20 November 1876; Portuguese pronunciation: [sa\u026b\u02c8d\u0250\u0272\u0250]) was a Portuguese marshal and statesman.", "Q1327": "Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn P\u00e9rez Mascayano (American Spanish: [xo\u02c8se xo.a\u02c8kim \u02c8pe\u027ees]; 6 May 1801 \u2013 1 July 1889) was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile between 1861 and 1871.", "Q45330": "Anselm Gr\u00fcn (in English also: Anselm Gruen), OSB (born January 14, 1945 in Junkershausen, Germany) is a German Benedictine padre. He is in charge of M\u00fcnsterschwarzach Abbey's financial matters, being its Cellarer. Anselm Gr\u00fcn is the author of approximately 300 books with focus on spirituality. Of his books more than 15 million copies have been sold in 30 languages. Furthermore, Anselm Gr\u00fcn holds courses and lectures. He also counsels managers spiritually.", "Q926749": "The Lyc\u00e9e Condorcet (French: [lise k\u0254\u0303d\u0254\u0281s\u025b]) is a school founded in 1803 in Paris, France, located at 8, rue du Havre, in the city's 9th arrondissement. Since its inception, various political eras have seen it given a number of different names, but its identity today honors the memory of the Marquis de Condorcet. The school provides secondary education as part of the French education system. Henri Bergson, Horace Finaly, Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss, Marcel Proust, and Paul Verlaine were educated at the Lyc\u00e9e Condorcet.\nSome of the school's famous teachers include Jean Beaufret, Paul B\u00e9nichou, Jean-Marie Guyau, Jean-Paul Sartre, and St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9.", "Q139765": "Richard Romanus (born Richard Joseph Romanos; February 8, 1943) is an American actor. Among other roles, he has appeared in Martin Scorsese's Mean Streets and provided voices for Ralph Bakshi's animated films Wizards and Hey Good Lookin'. He played Richard La Penna, Jennifer Melfi's ex-husband, later husband again, in four episodes of The Sopranos from 1999 to 2002. In 1999, he co-wrote the Christmas film If You Believe along with his wife Anthea Sylbert, which was nominated for a Best Original Screenplay award by the Writers Guild of America.", "Q484761": "In analytic philosophy, philosophy of language investigates the nature of language, the relations between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.\nGottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's \"linguistic turn\". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle as well as the logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.In continental philosophy, language is not studied as a separate discipline. Rather, it is an inextricable part of many other areas of thought, such as phenomenology, structural semiotics, hermeneutics, existentialism, deconstruction and critical theory.", "Q255175": "Eferding is the capital of the Eferding district in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.", "Q62943": "The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power based in Magadha and founded by Chandragupta Maurya which dominated the Indian subcontinent between 322 and 185 BCE. Comprising the majority of South Asia, the Maurya Empire was centralized by the conquest of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and its capital city was located at Pataliputra (modern Patna). The empire was the largest political entity that has existed in the Indian subcontinent, extending over 5 million square kilometres (1.9 million square miles) at its zenith under Ashoka.Chandragupta Maurya raised an army, with the assistance of Chanakya, author of Arthasastra and overthrew the Nanda Empire in c.\u2009322 BCE. Chandragupta rapidly expanded his power westwards across central and western India by conquering the satraps left by Alexander the Great, and by 317 BCE the empire had fully occupied northwestern India. The Mauryan Empire then defeated Seleucus I, a diadochus and founder of the Seleucid Empire during the Seleucid\u2013Mauryan war, thus acquiring territory west of the Indus River.At its greatest extent, the empire stretched along the natural boundary of the Himalayas, to the east into Assam, to the west into what is present-day Balochistan, Pakistan and the Hindu Kush mountains of what is now eastern Afghanistan. The dynasty expanded into India's southern regions by the reign of the emperor Bindusara, but it excluded Kalinga (modern Odisha), until it was conquered by Ashoka. It declined for about 50 years after Ashoka's rule, and dissolved in 185 BCE with the foundation of the Shunga dynasty in Magadha.\nUnder Chandragupta Maurya and his successors, internal and external trade, agriculture, and economic activities thrived and expanded across South Asia due to the creation of a single and efficient system of finance, administration, and security. The Maurya dynasty built the Grand Trunk Road, one of Asia's oldest and longest trade networks, connecting the Indian subcontinent with Central Asia. After the Kalinga War, the Empire experienced nearly half a century of centralized rule under Ashoka. Chandragupta Maurya's embrace of Jainism increased socio-religious reform across South Asia, while Ashoka's embrace of Buddhism and sponsorship of Buddhist missionaries allowed for the expansion of that faith into Sri Lanka, northwest India, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, Egypt, and Hellenistic Europe.The population of the empire has been estimated to be about 50\u201360 million, making the Mauryan Empire one of the most populous empires of antiquity. Archaeologically, the period of Mauryan rule in South Asia falls into the era of Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW). The Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka are the primary sources of written records of Mauryan times. The Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath is the national emblem of the modern Republic of India.", "Q347217": "Nikolay Ivanovich Bogolyubov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0301\u0431\u043e\u0432; October 22, 1899 \u2013 March 9, 1980) was a Soviet actor born in Ivanovskoye, Russia and a People's Artist of the RSFSR (1945). In 1933 he played in Boris Barnet's Okraina; in 1941, he was awarded the Stalin Prize.\n\n", "Q120220": "Christoph Matschie (born 15 July 1961 in M\u00fchlhausen) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He served as Deputy Minister-President of Thuringia between 2009 and 2014.\n\n", "Q214883": "Johann Joachim Bellermann (23 September 1754 \u2013 25 October 1842) was a German Hebraist and professor of theology at Berlin University. He was one of the earliest students of Hebrew epigraphy.", "Q1345611": "Alex Faickney Osborn (May 24, 1888 \u2013 May 5, 1966) was an American advertising executive and the author of the creativity technique named brainstorming.\n\n", "Q5014111": "Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama (Brazilian Portuguese: [\u02c8klubi d\u0292i \u0281\u025b\u02c8gata\u0283 \u02c8va\u0283ku d\u0250 \u02c8g\u0250\u0303m\u0250]) is a Brazilian sports club that was founded on August 21, 1898 (although the professional football department started on November 5, 1915), by Portuguese immigrants, and still has a strong fanbase among the Portuguese community of Rio de Janeiro. It is one of the most popular clubs in Brazil, with more than 30 million supporters. Although they compete in a number of different sports, Vasco is mostly known for its football team. It plays in the Campeonato Carioca, the state of Rio de Janeiro's premier state league and in the Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A, the first tier of Brazilian football league system.\nIts statute defines the club as a \"sportive, recreative, educational, assistant and philanthropic non-profit organization of public utility\".Their home stadium is S\u00e3o Janu\u00e1rio, with a capacity of 21,880, the third biggest in Rio de Janeiro (after Maracan\u00e3 and Engenh\u00e3o), but some matches (especially the city derbies) are played at the Maracan\u00e3 (capacity of about 80,000). They play in black shirts with a white diagonal sash that contains a Portuguese Cross, black shorts and black socks.\nThe club is named after the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama.", "Q8471": "Reggio di Calabria (UK: , US: , Italian: [\u02c8redd\u0292o di ka\u02c8la\u02d0brja; \u02c8r\u025bdd\u0292o -]; Reggino: R\u00ecggiu; Bovesia Calabrian Greek: Righi; Ancient Greek: \u1fec\u03ae\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, romanized: Rh\u1e17gion; Latin: Rh\u0113gium), commonly known as Reggio Calabria (listen) or simply Reggio in Southern Italy, is the largest city and the most populated comune of Calabria, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria and the seat of the Regional Council of Calabria.\nReggio is located on the \"toe\" of the Italian Peninsula and is separated from the island of Sicily by the Strait of Messina. It is situated on the slopes of the Aspromonte, a long, craggy mountain range that runs up through the centre of the region. The third economic centre of mainland Southern Italy, the city proper has a population of more than 200,000 inhabitants spread over 236 square kilometres (91 sq mi), while the fast-growing urban area numbers 260,000 inhabitants. About 560,000 people live in the metropolitan area, recognised in 2015 by Italian Republic as a metropolitan city.As a major functional pole in the region, it has strong historical, cultural and economic ties with the city of Messina, which lies across the strait in Sicily, forming a metro city of less than 1 million people.Reggio is the oldest city in the region, and despite its ancient foundation\u2014Rhegion was an important and flourishing colony of Magna Graecia\u2014it has a modern urban system, set up after the catastrophic earthquake of 1908, which destroyed most of the city. The region has been subject to earthquakes.It is a major economic centre for regional services and transport on the southern shores of the Mediterranean. Reggio, with Naples and Taranto, is home to one of the most important archaeological museums, the prestigious National Archaeological Museum of Magna Gr\u00e6cia, dedicated to Ancient Greece (which houses the Bronzes of Riace, rare example of Greek bronze sculpture, which became one of the symbols of the city). Reggio is the seat, since 1907, of the Archeological Superintendence of Bruttium and Lucania. \nThe city centre, consisting primarily of Liberty buildings, has a linear development along the coast with parallel streets, and the promenade is dotted with rare magnolias and exotic palms. Reggio has commonly used popular nicknames: The \"city of Bronzes\", after the Bronzes of Riace that are testimonials of its Greek origins; the \"city of bergamot\", which is exclusively cultivated in the region; and the \"city of Fatamorgana\", an optical phenomenon visible in Italy only from the Reggio seaside.", "Q287027": "Sola Aoi (Japanese: \u84bc\u4e95 \u305d\u3089, Hepburn: Aoi Sora, literally Blue Sky) is a Japanese former AV idol, nude model, and film and television actress. Starring in more than 600 adult films between 2002 and 2011, Aoi is widely considered one of the most famous AV idols of the 2000s, with her popularity as an adult video actress leading to celebrity status as a media personality both in Japan and abroad.", "Q456633": "Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar (August 16, 1798 \u2013 December 25, 1859) was an attorney born in Georgia, who became a Texas politician, poet, diplomat, and soldier. He was a leading Texas political figure during the Texas Republic era. He was elected as the second President of the Republic of Texas after Sam Houston. He was known for waging war against bands of Cherokee and Comanche peoples to push them out of Texas, and for establishing a fund to support public education.", "Q97262": "Hansel Mieth (1909\u20131998) was a German-born photojournalist who worked on the staff of LIFE Magazine. She was best known for her social commentary photography which recorded the lives of working class Americans in the 1930s and 1940s.\n\n", "Q966379": "Ann Curry (born November 19, 1956) is an American journalist and photojournalist, who has been a reporter for more than 30 years, focused on human suffering in war zones and natural disasters. Curry has reported from the wars in Kosovo, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Afghanistan, Darfur, Congo and the Central African Republic. Curry has covered numerous disasters, including the tsunamis in Southeast Asia and the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, where her appeal via Twitter topped Twitter's 'most powerful' list, credited for helping speed the arrival of humanitarian planes.In June 2012, she became the national and international correspondent-anchor for NBC News and the anchor at large for the Today show. She was co-anchor of Today from June 9, 2011, to June 28, 2012 and the program's news anchor from March 1997 until becoming co-anchor. She was also the anchor of Dateline NBC from 2005 to 2011.On January 13, 2015, it was announced that Curry would be leaving NBC News after nearly 25 years. In January 2015, Curry founded her own multi-platform media startup. She continues to conduct major news interviews on network television, most recently securing an exclusive interview with Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif about the Iran nuclear talks.", "Q7742": "Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonn\u00e9; 5 September 1638 \u2013 1 September 1715), known as Louis the Great (Louis le Grand) or the Sun King (le Roi Soleil), was King of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest recorded of any monarch of a sovereign country in European history. In the age of absolutism in Europe, Louis XIV's France was a leader in the growing centralisation of power.Louis began his personal rule of France in 1661, after the death of his chief minister, the Italian Cardinal Mazarin. An adherent of the concept of the divine right of kings, Louis continued his predecessors' work of creating a centralised state governed from the capital. He sought to eliminate the remnants of feudalism persisting in parts of France and, by compelling many members of the nobility to inhabit his lavish Palace of Versailles, succeeded in pacifying the aristocracy, many members of which had participated in the Fronde rebellion during Louis' minority. By these means he became one of the most powerful French monarchs and consolidated a system of absolute monarchical rule in France that endured until the French Revolution. He also enforced uniformity of religion under the Gallican Catholic Church. His revocation of the Edict of Nantes abolished the rights of the Huguenot Protestant minority and subjected them to a wave of dragonnades, effectively forcing Huguenots to emigrate or convert, and virtually destroying the French Protestant community.\nDuring Louis' long reign, France was the leading European power, and it fought three major wars: the Franco-Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg, and the War of the Spanish Succession. There were also two lesser conflicts: the War of Devolution and the War of the Reunions. Warfare defined the foreign policy of Louis XIV, and his personality shaped his approach. Impelled \"by a mix of commerce, revenge, and pique\", Louis sensed that warfare was the ideal way to enhance his glory. In peacetime he concentrated on preparing for the next war. He taught his diplomats that their job was to create tactical and strategic advantages for the French military.", "Q286339": "Yvonne De Carlo (born Margaret Yvonne Middleton; September 1, 1922 \u2013 January 8, 2007) was a Canadian-American actress, dancer, and singer. A brunette with blue-grey eyes, she became an internationally famous Hollywood film star in the 1940s and 1950s, made several recordings, and later acted on television and stage.\nBorn in Vancouver, British Columbia, De Carlo was raised in the home of her Presbyterian maternal grandparents. Her mother enrolled her in a local dance school when she was three. By the early 1940s, she and her mother had moved to Los Angeles, where De Carlo participated in beauty contests and worked as a dancer in nightclubs.\nShe began working in motion pictures in 1941, in short subjects. She sang \"The Lamp of Memory\" in a three-minute Soundies musical, and worked briefly at Columbia Pictures. In 1942, she signed a three-year contract with Paramount Pictures, where she was given uncredited bit parts in important films and was intended to replace Dorothy Lamour. Her first lead was for independent producer E. B. Derr in the James Fenimore Cooper adventure Deerslayer (1943, ultimately released by Republic Pictures).\nShe obtained her breakthrough role in Salome, Where She Danced (1945), a Universal Pictures release produced by Walter Wanger, who described her as \"the most beautiful girl in the world.\" The film's publicity and success turned her into a star, and she signed a five-year contract with Universal. From then on, Universal starred her in its lavish Technicolor productions, such as Frontier Gal (1945), Song of Scheherazade (1947), and Slave Girl (1947). Cameramen voted her \"Queen of Technicolor\" three years in a row. Tired of being typecast as exotic women, she made her first serious dramatic performances in two films noir, Brute Force (1947) and Criss Cross (1949).\nThe first American film star to visit Israel, De Carlo received further recognition as an actress for her work in the British comedies Hotel Sahara (1951) and The Captain's Paradise (1953). Her career reached its peak when eminent producer-director Cecil B. DeMille cast her as Moses' Midianite wife, Sephora, her most prominent role, in his biblical epic The Ten Commandments (1956), which was immensely successful at the box office and remains an annual tradition on television. Her success continued with starring roles in Flame of the Islands (1956), Death of a Scoundrel (1956), Band of Angels (1957), and The Sword and the Cross (1958), in which she portrayed Mary Magdalene. She also accepted supporting roles in McLintock! (1963) and A Global Affair (1964).\nShe gained a new generation of fans as a star of the CBS sitcom The Munsters (1964\u20131966), playing Herman Munster's glamorous vampire wife, Lily, a role she reprised in the feature film Munster, Go Home! (1966) and the television film The Munsters' Revenge (1981). In 1971, she played Carlotta Campion and introduced the popular song \"I'm Still Here\" in the Broadway production of the Stephen Sondheim musical Follies. Yvonne, her best-selling autobiography, was published in 1987. A stroke survivor, De Carlo died of heart failure in 2007. She was awarded two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions to motion pictures and television.", "Q118967": "Established in 1869 on the grounds of Vy\u0161ehrad Castle in Prague, Czech Republic, the Vy\u0161ehrad cemetery (Czech: Vy\u0161ehradsk\u00fd h\u0159bitov) is the final resting place of many composers, artists, sculptors, writers, and those from the world of science and politics. The centerpiece of the cemetery is the Slav\u00edn tomb designed by Anton\u00edn Wiehl, a large and notable tomb located within Vy\u0161ehrad cemetery.\n\n", "Q2271796": "Roger Stokoe Goodell (born February 19, 1959) is an American businessman who is currently the Commissioner of the National Football League (NFL). On August 8, 2006, Goodell was chosen to succeed retiring commissioner Paul Tagliabue. He was chosen for the position over four finalists; he won a close vote on the fifth ballot before being unanimously approved by acclamation of the owners. He officially began his tenure on September 1, 2006, just prior to the beginning of the 2006 NFL season. On December 6, 2017, the NFL announced that Goodell signed a new contract that will start in 2019. Commentators have described him as \"the most powerful man in sports.\"", "Q137984": "Goemon (\u4e94\u53f3\u885b\u9580, Goemon) is a 2009 Japanese historical fantasy film written and directed by Kazuaki Kiriya. It is loosely based on the story of Ishikawa Goemon, a legendary outlaw hero who stole valuables from the rich and gave them to the poor. The film is a fictional account of Goemon's exploits and his role during the final phase of Sengoku period, particularly the period leading up to the decisive Battle of Sekigahara. Like Kiriya's previous film, Casshern, Goemon was filmed on a digital backlot, and made use of over 2,500 visual effects.\nGoemon was released in North America on DVD and Blu-ray Disc by Funimation on April 19, 2011, and features an English dubbed audio track.", "Q126651": "Paula Schramm (born 11 October 1989) is a German actress. She appeared in more than forty films since 1997.", "Q937888": "Ryan Wayne Donowho (born September 20, 1980) is an American actor and musician.", "Q1333": "Francisco Antonio Pinto y D\u00edaz de la Puente (American Spanish: [f\u027ean\u02c8sisko an\u02c8tonjo \u02c8pinto]; July 23, 1785 \u2013 July 18, 1858) was a Chilean politician who served as President of Chile between 1827 and 1829.", "Q23725822": "NCT (Hangul: \uc5d4\uc2dc\ud2f0) is a K-pop boy group formed by SM Entertainment. Their name stands for the Hallyu localization project Neo Culture Technology, a term coined by their producer and SM founder Lee Soo-man to describe the group's concept of having an unlimited number of members divided into multiple sub-units based in various cities worldwide. The group consists of 21 members as of January 2019, aged from their late teens to mid-twenties. \nThe group's first unit NCT U made their debut on April 9, 2016 with the digital singles \"The 7th Sense\" and \"Without You.\" The second unit NCT 127, based in Seoul, debuted on July 7, 2016, with the EP NCT #127. The third unit NCT Dream made their debut on August 24, 2016 with the digital single \"Chewing Gum.\" The fourth unit WayV, based in China, debuted on January 17, 2019 with the single album The Vision.", "Q4894252": "Bernhardt Otto Holtermann (29 April 1838 \u2013 29 April 1885) was a successful gold miner, businessman, and politician in Australia. Perhaps his greatest claim to fame is his association with the Holtermann Nugget, the largest gold specimen ever found, 59 inches (1.5 m) long, weighing 630 pounds (290 kg), in Hill End, near Bathurst, and with an estimated gold content of 3,000 troy ounces (93 kg).", "Q444237": "Honor\u00e9 Th\u00e9odore Paul Joseph d'Albert, duc de Luynes (Paris, 15 December 1802 \u2013 Rome, 15 December 1867), inheritor of several French titles as duc de Luynes, de Chevreuse et de Chaulnes and an immense fortune, who cut a figure of grand seigneur and supported the exiled comte de Chambord's claim to the throne of France, is remembered most for the collection he gave to the Cabinet des M\u00e9dailles in 1862.", "Q41142": "Jane Seymour Fonda (born December 21, 1937) is an American actress, political activist, and former fashion model. She is the recipient of various accolades including two Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards, seven Golden Globe Awards, a Primetime Emmy Award, the AFI Life Achievement Award, and the Honorary Golden Lion.Born to actor Henry Fonda and socialite Frances Ford Seymour, Fonda made her acting debut with the 1960 Broadway play There Was a Little Girl, for which she received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play, and made her screen debut later the same year with the romantic comedy Tall Story. She rose to prominence in the 1960s with such films as Period of Adjustment (1962), Sunday in New York (1963), Cat Ballou (1965), Barefoot in the Park (1967), and Barbarella (1968). Her first husband was Barbarella director Roger Vadim. A seven-time Academy Award nominee, she received her first nomination for They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969), and went on to win the Academy Award for Best Actress twice in the 1970s for Klute (1971) and Coming Home (1978). Her other nominations were for Julia (1977), The China Syndrome (1979), On Golden Pond (1981), and The Morning After (1986). Consecutive hits Fun with Dick and Jane (1977), California Suite (1978), The Electric Horseman (1979), and 9 to 5 (1980) sustained Fonda's box-office drawing power, and she won a Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in the TV film The Dollmaker (1984).\nIn 1982, she released her first exercise video, Jane Fonda's Workout, which became the highest-selling VHS of all time. It would be the first of 22 such videos over the next 13 years, which would collectively sell over 17 million copies. Divorced from her second husband Tom Hayden, she married billionaire media mogul Ted Turner in 1991 and retired from acting, following a row of commercially unsuccessful films concluded by Stanley & Iris (1990). Fonda divorced Turner in 2001 and returned to the screen with the hit Monster-in-Law (2005). Although Georgia Rule (2007) was the star's only other movie during the 2000s, in the early 2010s she fully re-launched her career. Subsequent films have included The Butler (2013), This Is Where I Leave You (2014), Youth (2015), Our Souls at Night (2017), and Book Club (2018). In 2009, she returned to Broadway after a 49-year absence from the stage, in the play 33 Variations which earned her a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play, while her major recurring role in the HBO drama series The Newsroom (2012\u201314) earned her two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. She also released another five exercise videos between 2009 and 2012. Fonda currently stars as Grace Hanson in the Netflix comedy series Grace and Frankie, which debuted in 2015 and has earned her nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards.\nFonda was a visible political activist in the counterculture era during the Vietnam War. She was photographed sitting on a North Vietnamese anti-aircraft gun on a 1972 visit to Hanoi, during which she gained the nickname \"Hanoi Jane\". During this time, she was effectively blacklisted in Hollywood. She has also protested the Iraq War and violence against women, and describes herself as a feminist and environmental activist. In 2005, along with Robin Morgan and Gloria Steinem, she co-founded the Women's Media Center, an organization that works to amplify the voices of women in the media through advocacy, media and leadership training, and the creation of original content. Fonda serves on the board of the organization.", "Q269698": "Marilyn Burns (born Mary Lynn Ann Burns; May 7, 1949 \u2013 August 5, 2014) was an American actress. While in high school, Burns made her film debut as a tour guide in Robert Altman's experimental comedy film Brewster McCloud (1970), followed by minor appearances in low-budget independent films where her scenes were ultimately deleted such as Sidney Lumet's drama film Lovin' Molly (1974).\nBurns was known for her collaborations with filmmaker Tobe Hooper, having appeared in two of his films. In 1974, she found box-office success with her leading role as Sally Hardesty in Hooper's exploitation horror film The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974), a role she later reprised in Kim Henkel's sequel Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1994).\nHer other film roles include Faye in another Hooper film entitled Eaten Alive (1977), Dorothy Grim in Future-Kill (1985), and Verna Carson in Texas Chainsaw 3D (2013). She is also known for portraying Linda Kasabian in the television miniseries Helter Skelter (1976) which garnered three Primetime Emmy Award nominations.", "Q690974": "Brandy Rayana Norwood (born February 11, 1979), known professionally by her mononym Brandy, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Born into a musical family in McComb, Mississippi and raised in Carson, California, she began her career as a child and performed as a backing vocalist for teen groups. In 1993, Norwood signed with Atlantic Records. The following year, she released her self-titled debut album, which was certified quadruple Platinum in the US, selling six million copies worldwide. Norwood starred in the UPN sitcom Moesha as the title character, which lasted six seasons and resulted in numerous other roles. She resumed her music career in 1998 with the wildly successful duet with fellow R&B contemporary Monica, \"The Boy Is Mine\", which went on to become the best selling female duet of all time, and one of the longest running number one singles in history. Her second album, Never Say Never, sold 16 million copies worldwide, featured two number one singles, and earned Norwood her first Grammy Award. This launched her into international stardom, with films, endorsements, sold out concert tours, and her own line of Barbie dolls.\nThroughout the 2000s, Norwood held a precarious position in the pop industry. In 2002, she starred in the reality series Brandy: Special Delivery, documenting the birth of her daughter. Her third and fourth albums, Full Moon (2002) and Afrodisiac (2004), were released to critical and commercial success. She served as a judge on the first season of America's Got Talent before being involved in a widely publicized car accident in 2006. After several lawsuits stemming from the accident, Norwood's fifth album, Human (2008), was released to commercial failure.\nIn the 2010s, Norwood received a critical and commercial resurgence. In 2010, she returned to television as a contestant on the eleventh season of Dancing with the Stars and starred in the reality series Brandy & Ray J: A Family Business. In 2012 she became a series regular in the BET series The Game, and released her sixth album Two Eleven to critical praise. In April 2015, Norwood made her Broadway debut in the musical Chicago. She starred in and executive produced a sitcom titled Zoe Ever After on BET which premiered in January 2016.\nAs of July 2018, she has sold over 40 million records worldwide, with over 8.62 million albums sold in the U.S., making her one of the best selling female artists of all time. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) lists Norwood as one of the top-selling artists in the United States, with 10.5 million certified units in album sales. Her work has earned her numerous awards and accolades, including a Grammy Award, an American Music Award, and seven Billboard Music Awards. She has become known for her distinctive sound, characterized by her peculiar timbre, voice-layering, and intricate riffs, which has earned her the nickname \"The Vocal Bible\" from industry peers and critics.", "Q878635": "Luis Giannattasio Finocchietti (19 November 1894 \u2013 7 February 1965) was a Uruguayan political figure.", "Q877506": "Jakob Julius David (6 February 1859 \u2013 20 November 1906) was an Austrian novelist and journalist, born in M\u00e4hrisch Wei\u00dfkirchen.", "Q61292": "The Far Eastern Republic (Russian: \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0414\u0412\u0420, tr. Dalnevostochnaya Respublika, DVR, IPA: [d\u0259l\u02b2n\u02b2\u026av\u0250\u02c8stot\u0255n\u0259j\u0259 r\u02b2\u026as\u02c8publ\u02b2\u026ak\u0259]), sometimes called the Chita Republic, was a nominally independent state that existed from April 1920 to November 1922 in the easternmost part of the Russian Far East. Although theoretically independent, it largely came under the control of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), which envisaged it as a buffer state between the RSFSR and the territories occupied by Japan during the Russian Civil War of 1917-1922. Its first president was Alexander Krasnoshchyokov.\nThe Far Eastern Republic occupied the territory of modern Zabaykalsky Krai, Amur Oblast, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai, and Primorsky Krai of Russia (the former Transbaikal and Amur oblasts and Primorsky krai). Its capital was established at Verkhneudinsk (now Ulan-Ude), but in October 1920 it moved to Chita.\nThe Red Army occupied Vladivostok on 25 October 1922. Three weeks later, on 15 November 1922, the Far Eastern Republic merged with the RSFSR.", "Q332688": "Norosbaldo Morales (January 4, 1912 \u2013 January 15, 1964) was a Puerto Rican pianist and bandleader.", "Q3309276": "Michel Chr\u00e9tien, (born March 26, 1936) is a Canadian medical researcher specializing in neuroendocrinology research.\n\n", "Q11775": "Ming C. Lin is an American computer scientist and the chair of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Maryland, College Park, where she also holds an endowed faculty position as the Elizabeth Stevinson Iribe Chair of Computer Science. Prior to moving to Maryland in 2018, Lin was the John R. & Louise S. Parker Distinguished Professor of Computer Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.", "Q510114": "Francis Carco (born Fran\u00e7ois Carcopino-Tusoli) (1886\u20131958) was a French author, born at Noum\u00e9a, New Caledonia. He was a poet, belonging to the Fantaisiste school, a novelist, a dramatist, and art critic for L'Homme libre and Gil Blas. During World War I he became an aviation pilot at \u00c9tampes, after studying at the aviation school there. His works are picturesque, painting as they do the street life of Montmartre, and often being written in the argot of Paris. He has been called the \"romancier des apaches.\" His memoir, The Last Bohemia: From Montmartre to the Latin Quarter, contains reminiscences of Bohemian life in Paris during the early years of the 20th century.\nHe had an affair with the short story writer Katherine Mansfield in February 1915. The narrator Raoul Duquette of her story Je ne parle pas fran\u00e7ais (who has a cynical attitude to love and sex) is partly based on him, and her story An Indiscreet Journey is based on her journey through the war zone to spend four nights with Corporal Francis Carco near Gray. She saved as a memento of him a fake letter from \"Julie Boiffard\" asking her to visit (which is now held in the Turnbull Library). She also wrote a letter to her husband from Carco's Paris flat on 8/9 May 1915.Carco held the ninth seat at Acad\u00e9mie Goncourt from 1937\u20131958. He is buried in the Cimeti\u00e8re de Bagneux. He was the author of:\n\nInstincts (1911)\nJ\u00e9sus-la-Caille (novel, 1914)\nLes Innocents (1917)\nAu coin des rues (tales, 1918, 1922)\nLes Malheurs de Fernande (sequel to J\u00e9sus-la-Caille, 1918)\nLes Myst\u00e8res de la Morgue ou les Fianc\u00e9s du IV\u00ba arrondissement. Roman gai (1918)\nL'Equipe (1919)\nLa Po\u00e9sie (1919)\nMaman Petitdoigt (1920)\nFrancis Carco, racont\u00e9 par lui-meme (1921; in the collection Ceux dont on parle, edited by Marc Saunier)\nPromenades pittoresques \u00e0 Montmartre (1922)\nL'homme traqu\u00e9 (1922; Grand Prix du roman de l'Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise)\nV\u00e9rotchka l'\u00c9trang\u00e8re ou le Gout du malheur (1923)\nLe Roman de Fran\u00e7ois Villon (1926), a heavily fictionalised biography of the 15th-century poet\nBrumes (1935)\nPanam, prose-poem of Paris Madam, (1922; Librairie Stock): \"Of all the pleasures, it is those of the night that I prefer, when the street glitters in the fog and around the corner in a cul-de-sac glows the red light with the three letters of that magnetic word: Bal.\"", "Q211723": "Speed metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music that originated in the late 1970s from new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM) roots. It is described by AllMusic as \"extremely fast, abrasive, and technically demanding\" music.\"It is usually considered less abrasive and more melodic than thrash metal, showing less influence from hardcore punk. However, speed metal is usually faster and more aggressive than traditional heavy metal, also showing more inclination to virtuoso soloing and featuring short instrumental passages between couplets. Speed metal songs frequently make use of highly expressive vocals, but are usually less likely to employ 'harsh' vocals than thrash metal songs.\"", "Q123729": "Iris Radisch (born 2 July 1959) is a German literature-journalist. Since 1990 she has written for the mass-circulation weekly newspaper, Die Zeit. More recently she has come to wider prominence through her television work.\n\n", "Q172566": "Danny Kladis (10 February 1917 \u2013 26 April 2009) was an American racecar driver. He was born in Crystal City, Missouri and died at Joliet, Illinois. 92-year-old Kladis was the oldest living Indy 500 starter at the time of his death.", "Q699950": "Aleksandar Ti\u0161ma (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0422\u0438\u0448\u043c\u0430; 16 January 1924 \u2013 15 February 2003) was a Serbian novelist.", "Q145": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK or U.K.) or Britain, is a sovereign country located off the north\u00adwestern coast of the European mainland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north\u00adeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland. Otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east, the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland. The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles (240,000 km2).\nThe United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy. The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 1952, making her the world's longest-serving current head of state. The United Kingdom's capital is London, a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million. Other major cities include Birmingham, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, and Manchester.\nThe United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. Apart from England, the countries have their own devolved governments, each with varying powers, but such power is delegated by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which may enact laws unilaterally altering or abolishing devolution. The nearby Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Guernsey and Bailiwick of Jersey are not part of the UK, being Crown dependencies with the British Government responsible for defence and international representation. The medieval conquest and subsequent annexation of Wales by the Kingdom of England, followed by the union between England and Scotland in 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the union in 1801 of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK's current name was adopted in 1927 to reflect the change. There are fourteen British Overseas Territories, the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's landmass and was the largest empire in history. British influence can be observed in the language, culture and political systems of many of its former colonies.The United Kingdom has the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), and the ninth-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). It has a high-income economy and a very high human development index rating, ranking 14th in the world. It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The UK remains a great power, with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and is sixth in military expenditure in the world. It has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946.\nThe United Kingdom is a leading member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Council of Europe, the G7, the G20, NATO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Interpol and the World Trade Organization (WTO). It was a member of the European Union (EU) and its predecessor, the European Economic Community (EEC) for 47 years, between 1 January 1973 and withdrawal on 31 January 2020.", "Q559514": "The town of Wittlich is the seat of the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its historic town centre and the beauty of the surrounding countryside make the town a centre for tourism in southwest Germany. \nWittlich is the middle centre for a feeder area of 56 municipalities in the Eifel and Moselle area with a population of roughly 64,000. With some 18,000 inhabitants, Wittlich is the biggest town between Trier and Koblenz and the fourth biggest between Mainz and the Belgian border.", "Q3242": "A Fantastic Fear of Everything is a 2012 British horror comedy film starring Simon Pegg, written and directed by Crispian Mills with Chris Hopewell as co-director. It is based on the novella Paranoia in the Launderette by Bruce Robinson, writer and director of Withnail and I. It has been described as a low-budget \"semicomedy\" about a children's author-turned-crime-novelist who has become obsessed with murder and murdering. It was released on 8 June 2012 in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and received a limited U.S. theatrical release on 7 February 2014. The BBFC classified the film a 15 certificate in the UK, while the MPAA rated the film R in America.\nPrincipal photography began on 6 July 2011. Filmed at Shepperton Studios, the film was the first to be backed by Pinewood Studios' initiative to support low-budget British films. It was released by Universal Pictures in the UK and Indomina Releasing in the US.", "Q577831": "Kenneth William Bates (born 4 December 1931) is a British businessman, football executive and hotelier. He was involved in forming the Premier League, the development of Wembley Stadium and is the former owner and chairman of football clubs Chelsea and Leeds United.\nBates spent five years as chairman of Oldham Athletic during the 1960s and also had a spell at Wigan Athletic. In 1982, he purchased Chelsea for \u00a31. During his tenure, he helped the club win a long-running battle with property developers who were attempting to evict them from their Stamford Bridge home. By the end of his reign, Chelsea were regularly finishing in the top six of the Premier League and had won their first major trophies since the 1970s, although they had a debt burden of around \u00a380 million. In July 2003, he sold the club to Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich from whom he received approximately \u00a318 million.In January 2005, Bates bought a 50% stake in Leeds United, another club struggling under a heavy debt burden. In May 2007, Leeds entered administration, and were relegated to League One. The Club regained Championship status in 2010 and, in May 2011, it was confirmed that Bates had become the sole owner. In November 2012, Bates sold his holdings in Leeds United to GFH Capital.\n\n", "Q1745380": "Alvin Ray \"Pete\" Rozelle (; March 1, 1926 \u2013 December 6, 1996) was an American businessman and executive. Rozelle served as the commissioner of the National Football League (NFL) for nearly thirty years, from January 1960 until his retirement in November 1989. He is credited with making the NFL into one of the most successful sports leagues in the world.During his tenure, Rozelle saw the NFL grow from 12 teams to 28, oversaw the creation of large television-rights deals and the creation of Monday Night Football in 1970, oversaw the 1970 NFL-AFL merger and the creation of the Super Bowl, and helped the NFL move from a twelve-game schedule to its current sixteen-game schedule. By the time of his retirement, many people considered him the most powerful commissioner in sports. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985.", "Q18989": "Ryan Whitney Newman (born April 24, 1998) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her roles as Ginger Falcone in Disney XD's Zeke and Luther, Allison in The Thundermans, Cindy Collins in Zoom and Emily Hobbs in See Dad Run.", "Q807787": "Robert Hicks, better known as Barbecue Bob (September 11, 1902 \u2013 October 21, 1931), was an early American Piedmont blues musician. His nickname was derived from his working as a cook in a barbecue restaurant. One of the two extant photographs of him show him playing a guitar and wearing a full-length white apron and cook's hat.", "Q41624": "Dr. Erna Schneider Hoover (born June 19, 1926) is an American mathematician notable for inventing a computerized telephone switching method which \"revolutionized modern communication\" according to several reports. It prevented system overloads by monitoring call center traffic and prioritizing tasks on phone switching systems to enable more robust service during peak calling times. At Bell Laboratories where she worked for over 32 years, Hoover was described as an important pioneer for women in the field of computer technology.", "Q76088": "Michael Sommer (born 15 January 1952) is a German trade unionist leader. He served for 12 years as the chairman of the German Confederation of Trade Unions (DGB).\nBorn in B\u00fcderich, now part of Meerbusch, North Rhine-Westphalia, Sommer studied political sciences at Free University of Berlin from 1971 to 1980. He has been a member of the German Post Trade Union, which became part of ver.di in 2001, since 1971. After his final degree, Sommer worked for the trade union. He climbed the ladder in the trade union becoming chairman of ver.di on 18 March 2001. A year later, on 28 May 2002, he was elected chairman of the DGB. He served for twelve years, retiring in 2014.", "Q1357573": "The Medici Chapels (Cappelle medicee) are two structures at the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, Italy, dating from the 16th and 17th centuries, and built as extensions to Brunelleschi's 15th-century church, with the purpose of celebrating the Medici family, patrons of the church and Grand Dukes of Tuscany. The Sagrestia Nuova (\"New Sacristy\") was designed by Michelangelo. The larger Cappella dei Principi (\"Chapel of the Princes\"), though proposed in the 16th century, was not begun until the early 17th century, its design being a collaboration between the family and architects.", "Q132142": "Henri-Alexis Brialmont (Venlo, 25 May 1821 \u2013 Brussels, 21 July 1903), nicknamed The Belgian Vauban after the French military architect, was a Belgian army officer, politician and writer of the 19th century, best known as a military architect and designer of fortifications. Brialmont qualified as an officer in the Belgian army engineers in 1843 and quickly rose up the ranks. He served as a staff officer, and later was given command of the district of the key port of Antwerp. He finished his careers as Inspector-General of the Army. Brialmont was also an active pamphleteer and political campaigner and lobbied through his career for reform and expansion of the Belgian military and was also involved in the foundation of the Congo Free State.\nToday, Brialmont is best known for the fortifications which he designed in Belgium and Romania and would influence another in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The fortifications he designed in Belgium at the end of the 1880s around the towns of Li\u00e8ge, Namur and Antwerp would play an important role during the early stages of the German invasion of Belgium during World War I.", "Q355175": "Adeline Records was an American record label that was formed in Oakland, California in late 1997 and closed in August 2017.", "Q239911": "Val McDermid, (born 4 June 1955) is a Scottish crime writer, best known for a series of suspense novels featuring Dr. Tony Hill.\n\n", "Q490066": "Angerm\u00fcnde (German pronunciation: [a\u014b\u0250\u02c8m\u028fnd\u0259] (listen)) is a town in the district of Uckermark in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. It is about 43 miles (69 km) northeast of Berlin, the capital of Germany.\nThe population is about 10,000, but the population has been rapidly falling as its traditional industrial base (enamel-working) has declined. An administrative sub-centre of its district, it has several Protestant churches, a former Franciscan church, a number of schools of higher learning and a recently refurbished historic marketplace with an old town hall. Located in the game-filled forests of the Uckermark, with its many lakes, it now relies heavily on tourism and the sources of revenue linked to it.", "Q1393257": "Kazuhiko \"Kay\" Nishi (\u897f \u548c\u5f66, Nishi Kazuhiko, born February 10, 1956 in Kobe, Japan) is a Japanese businessman and personal computer pioneer.\nNishi's father ran a private school. Nishi attended Waseda University but dropped out to help found the first Japanese computer magazine, I/O. Shortly thereafter he launched ASCII magazine (a Japanese equivalent of Byte or Creative Computing) and, in 1978, ASCII Corporation, which began by making a rough translation from English to Japanese of the game Wizardry. Around the same time he met and became friends with Microsoft founder Bill Gates.In Japan, Nishi worked with NEC on developing the PC-8001, an early consumer-ready personal computer not requiring assembly, which became a standard in Japan, and was involved in the design of the Kyotronic 85 which, sold to Radio Shack, became the TRS-80 Model 100, an early laptop computer.Nishi's relationship with Bill Gates helped ASCII Corporation to grow. MSX, a new personal computer format, was jointly developed by Microsoft and ASCII Corporation for the Japanese market. But Nishi and Gates fell out, the partnership was dissolved in 1986, and Microsoft set up its own Japanese software subsidiary. But ASCII Corporation continued to thrive.Under Nishi's direction, ASCII Corporation invested heavily in American startups in the electronics industry. By 1992 ASCII Corporation was heavily in debt and its stock price collapsed. At the direction of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, the Industrial Bank of Japan and other banks bailed out the company, which rebounded.ASCII Corporation became a subsidiary of Kadokawa Group Holdings in 2004, and merged with another Kadokawa subsidiary MediaWorks on April 1, 2008, and became ASCII Media Works.After 1986, Nishi wrote for newspapers and authored a number of books. He sat in several committees on behalf of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, and he is a member of the Committee for World Economy in the 21st Century. Nishi is the president of MSX Association, a private organization originating from an assembly of people with affinity with the MSX standard, and the president of Digital do MaiN, audio engineering company.In 2005, Nishi ran unsuccessfully for president of a small university in rural Japan.", "Q839669": "The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 Rossiysky universitet druzhby narodov), also known as RUDN University, is an educational and research institution located in Moscow. It was established in 1960 to provide higher education to Third World students. It became an integral part of the Soviet cultural offensive in nonaligned countries.", "Q91175": "Oskar Freiherr von Redwitz (28 June 1823 \u2013 6 July 1891) was a German poet from Lichtenau, Bavaria. Having studied at the universities of Munich and Erlangen, he was apprenticed to the law in the Bavarian State service (1846\u201349).\nHe next (1849\u201350) studied languages and literature at Bonn, and in 1851 was appointed professor of aesthetics and of the history of literature at Vienna. In 1852, however, he gave up this post and retired to his estate of Schellenberg, near Kaiserslautern.\nThe pious sentimentality of his romantic epic Amaranth (1849; 42nd ed., 1898) had already gained him enthusiastic admirers, and this work was followed, in 1850, by M\u00e4rchen and by Gedichte (1852) and the tragedy Sieglinde (1854). He next settled on his estates near Kronach, and here wrote the tragedy Thomas Morus (1856), the historical dramas Philippine Welser (1859) and Der Zunftmeister von N\u00fcrnberg (1860), of which the first two met with great success.\nElected member of the Bavarian Second Chamber for the district in which he lived, he removed to Munich in 1862. In 1868 he published the novel Hermann Stark, deutsches Leben, and in 1871 Das Lied vom neuen deutschen Reich (\"Song of the New German Reich\", which contains several hundred patriotic sonnets). In 1872 he took up his residence at Meran, but passed the last years of his life at a sanatorium for nervous disorders near Bayreuth, where he died on 6 July 1891.", "Q1455": "Field hockey is a widely played team sport of the hockey family. The game can be played on grass, watered turf, artificial turf or synthetic field, as well as an indoor boarded surface. Each team plays with ten field players and a goalkeeper. Players commonly use sticks made out of wood, carbon fibre, fibre glass or a combination of carbon fibre and fibre glass in different quantities (with the higher carbon fibre stick being more expensive and less likely to break) to hit a round, hard, plastic hockey ball. The length of the hockey stick is based on the player's individual height: the top of the stick usually comes to the players hip, and taller players typically have taller sticks. The sticks have a round side and a flat side only the flat face of the stick is allowed to be used; if the other side is used it results in a foul. Goalies often have a different kind of stick; however, they can also use an ordinary field hockey stick. The specific goal-keeping sticks have another curve at the end of the stick, this is to give them more surface area to save the ball. The uniform consists of shin guards, shoes, shorts or a skirt, a mouthguard and a jersey.\nToday, the game is played globally, mainly in parts of Western Europe, South Asia, Southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, and parts of the United States (primarily New England and the Mid-Atlantic states).Known simply as \"hockey\" in many territories, the term \"field hockey\" is used primarily in Canada and the United States where ice hockey is more popular. In Sweden, the term landhockey is used and to some degree also in Norway where it is governed by Norway's Bandy Association.During play, goal keepers are the only players who are allowed to touch the ball with any part of their body (the player's hand is considered part of the stick if on the stick), while field players play the ball with the flat side of their stick. If the ball is touched with the rounded part of the stick, it will result in a penalty. Goal keepers also cannot play the ball with the back of their stick.\nWhoever scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is tied at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout, depending on the competition's format. There are many variations to overtime play that depend on the league and tournament play. In college play, a seven-aside overtime period consists of a 10-minute golden goal period with seven players for each team. If a tie still remains, the game enters a one-on-one competition where each team chooses 5 players to dribble from the 25-yard line down to the circle against the opposing goalie. The player has 8 seconds to score on the goalie keeping it in bounds. The play ends after a goal is scored, the ball goes out of bounds, a foul is committed (ending in either a penalty stroke or flick or the end of the one on one) or time expires. If the tie still persists more rounds are played until one team has scored.\nThe governing body of field hockey is the International Hockey Federation (FIH), which is called the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Hockey in French, with men and women being represented internationally in competitions including the Olympic Games, World Cup, World League, Champions Trophy and Junior World Cup, with many countries running extensive junior, senior, and masters club competitions. The FIH is also responsible for organizing the Hockey Rules Board and developing the rules for the game.\nA popular variant of field hockey is indoor field hockey, which differs in a number of respects while embodying the primary principles of hockey. Indoor hockey is a 5-a-side variant, with a field which is reduced to approximately 40 m \u00d7 20 m (131 ft \u00d7 66 ft). With many of the rules remaining the same, including obstruction and feet, there are several key variations: Players may not raise the ball unless shooting on goal, players may not hit the ball (instead using pushes to transfer the ball), and the sidelines are replaced with solid barriers which the ball will rebound off. In addition, the regulation guidelines for the indoor field hockey stick require a slightly thinner, lighter stick than an outdoor stick.", "Q170371": "Aurora Matilde G\u00f3mez Camus (26 September 1919 \u2013 28 April 2012) was a Spanish poet from Cantabria who also wrote non-fiction.", "Q32812": "Jens Tryggve Herman Gran (20 January 1888 \u2013 8 January 1980) was a Norwegian aviator, explorer and author. He was the skiing expert on the 1910\u201313 Scott Antarctic Expedition and was the first person to fly across the North Sea in a heavier-than-air aircraft.\n\n", "Q65792": "Hofstetten is a former municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018 the former municipality of Hofstetten merged into the municipality of Elgg.", "Q99529": "Siegfried Sch\u00fcrenberg (12 January 1900 \u2013 31 August 1993) was a German film actor. He appeared in 83 films between 1933 and 1974. He was born in Detmold, Germany and died in Berlin, Germany. Although he never played leading roles, he was a well-known supporting actor who played the role of Sir John in numerous Edgar Wallace films during the 1960s. He was also a busy dubbing actor, for example as the German voice for Clark Gable in most of his films, including Rhett Butler in Gone with the Wind.", "Q310429": "Mois\u00e9s Arias (born April 18, 1994) is an American actor who is best known for his roles as Rico in the Disney Channel series Hannah Montana, Biaggio in the 2013 Sundance film The Kings of Summer, Cokestraw in the 2019 SXSW comedy-drama The Wall of Mexico, and Bigfoot in the Colombian war drama Monos. He has also appeared in Pitch Perfect 3, Five Feet Apart, Ender\u2019s Game, and The Stanford Prison Experiment.", "Q9009": "Schaffhausen (German: [\u0283af\u02c8ha\u028azn\u0329] (listen); Alemannic German: Schafuuse; French: Schaffhouse; Italian: Sciaffusa; Romansh: Schaffusa; English: Shaffhouse) is a town with historic roots, a municipality in northern Switzerland, and the capital of the canton of the same name; it has an estimated population of 36,000 as of December 2016. It is located right next to the shore of the High Rhine; it is one of four Swiss towns located on the northern side of the Rhine, along with Neuhausen a. Rhf., the historic Neunkirch, and Stein a. Rh..\nThe old portion of the town has many fine Renaissance era buildings decorated with exterior frescos and sculpture, as well as the old canton fortress, the Munot. Schaffhausen is also a railway junction of Swiss and German rail networks. One of the lines connects the town with the nearby Rhine Falls in Neuhausen am Rheinfall, Europe's largest waterfall, a tourist attraction.\nThe official language of Schaffhausen is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q311737": "Samuel Herman Reshevsky (born Szmul Rzeszewski; November 26, 1911 \u2013 April 4, 1992) was a Polish chess prodigy and later a leading American chess grandmaster. He was never a full-time chess professional. He was a strong contender for the World Chess Championship from the mid-1930s to the mid-1960s: he tied for third place in the 1948 World Chess Championship tournament, and tied for second in the 1953 Candidates Tournament. He was an eight-time winner of the US Chess Championship, tying him with Bobby Fischer for the all-time record. An outstanding match player throughout his career, Reshevsky excelled at positional play, and could be a brilliant tactician when required. He took a long time over his opening moves, and often found himself in time pressure, but this sometimes unsettled his opponent more than it did Reshevsky.\nHe was an accountant by profession, and a well-regarded chess writer.", "Q357762": "Daniel Sallis Huston (born May 14, 1962) is an American actor, writer, and director. Huston got his start directing Mr. North, starring Anthony Edwards, Robert Mitchum, and Huston's half-sister, Anjelica Huston. Later, Huston gave his breakthrough acting performance in the independent film Ivans Xtc and was nominated for Best Male Performance at the Independent Spirit Awards in 2003.\nHis film credits include Birth opposite Nicole Kidman, Martin Scorsese's The Aviator, for which the ensemble cast was nominated for a 2004 Screen Actors Guild Award, The Constant Gardener, for which he received the Golden Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance; Sofia Coppola's Marie Antoinette, Peter Berg's The Kingdom, Ridley Scott's Robin Hood and Sacha Gervasi's Hitchcock. Huston's film The Congress opened the 45th Director's Fortnight sidebar at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. Huston co-starred in Tim Burton's film Big Eyes, alongside Christoph Waltz, Amy Adams, Krysten Ritter and Jason Schwartzman. He has appeared in the FX thriller series American Horror Story, portraying The Axeman in American Horror Story: Coven and Massimo Dolcefino in American Horror Story: Freak Show. He also starred as General Erich Ludendorff in the 2017 film Wonder Woman and as renegade ex-Army Ranger turned head of private military company Wade Jennings in Angel Has Fallen.\nHuston is a graduate of London Film School.", "Q97504": "Tobias Nath (born 1979 in Bochum, Germany) is a German television actor and voice actor. He is married to Rubina Kuraoka.", "Q7024": "Lugano (, also UK: , Italian: [lu\u02c8\u0261a\u02d0no]; Ticinese: Lugan [ly\u02c8\u0261\u00e3\u02d0]) is a town and a municipality in southern Switzerland in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino bordering Italy. It has a population (as of December 2018) of 63,185, and an urban agglomeration of over 150,000. The ninth largest Swiss town, it is the largest in Ticino and largest with an Italian speaking majority outside of Italy. The town lies on Lake Lugano, surrounded by the mountains of the Lugano Prealps.\nThe eastern part of the municipality shares a border with Italy.", "Q336388": "James Lawrence Levine (; born June 23, 1943) is an American conductor and pianist. He is primarily known for his tenure as Music Director of the Metropolitan Opera (the \"Met\"), a position he held for 40 years (1976\u20132016). He was formally terminated by the Met from all his positions and affiliations with the company on March 12, 2018 over sexual misconduct allegations that he denies.Levine has made numerous recordings, as well as television and radio broadcasts, with the Met. Levine has also held leadership positions with the Ravinia Festival, the Munich Philharmonic, and the Boston Symphony Orchestra. In 1980 he started the Lindemann Young Artists Development Program, and he has often trained promising singers, conductors, and musicians for professional careers.\nAfter taking an almost two-year health-related hiatus from conducting from 2011 to 2013, Levine retired as the Met's full-time Music Director following the 2015/16 season to become Music Director Emeritus.\nOn December 2, 2017, The New York Times published a front-page story containing detailed accounts of four men in their 40s to 60s alleging their long-term sexual abuse by Levine occurring decades earlier, while each was a music student of his in his teens or early 20s. The following day, the Met suspended Levine and cancelled his future scheduled engagements. The Ravinia Festival also promptly severed all ties with Levine, as did the Boston Symphony Orchestra, which announced that Levine would never again \"be employed or contracted by the BSO at any time in the future.\" Following an investigation that ended in March 2018, having \"found credible evidence\", the Met terminated its relationship with Levine, for \"sexually abusive and harassing conduct\".", "Q223949": "Maurice Druon, KBE (23 April 1918 \u2013 14 April 2009) was a French novelist and a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise, of which he served as \"Perpetual Secretary\" (chairman) between 1985 and 1999.", "Q297552": "Thomas Baptiste Morello (born May 30, 1964) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, actor, and political activist. He is best known for his tenure with the band Rage Against the Machine and then with Audioslave. Between 2016 and 2019, Morello was a member of the supergroup Prophets of Rage. Morello was also a touring musician with Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. He is also known for his acoustic solo act, the Nightwatchman, and Street Sweeper Social Club. Morello also co-founded Axis of Justice, which airs a monthly program on Pacifica Radio station KPFK (90.7 FM) in Los Angeles.\nBorn in Harlem, New York, and raised in Libertyville, Illinois, Morello became interested in music and politics while in high school. He attended Harvard University and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Committee on Degrees in Social Studies. After his previous band Lock Up disbanded, Morello met Zack de la Rocha. The two founded Rage Against the Machine together, going on to become one of the most popular and influential rock acts of the 1990s.\nHe is best known for his unique and creative guitar playing style, which incorporates feedback noise, unconventional picking, and tapping, as well as heavy use of guitar effects. Morello is also known for his leftist political views and activism; creating the Nightwatchman offered an outlet for his views while playing apolitical music with Audioslave. He was ranked number 40 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\".", "Q87717": "Thomas Szczeponik (born 4 December 1860 in Peiskretscham, Province of Silesia (now Poland), died 30 January 1927 in Katowice (Kattowitz)) was a German-Polish Catholic politician.\nHe was educated as a teacher at a Catholic seminary in Peiskretscham between 1874 and 1881, and worked as a teacher. He was elected to the Weimar National Assembly in 1919 as a representative of the Catholic Centre Party, and was a member of the German Reichstag until 31 August 1922. In 1920, he voted against the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles. After his hometown became Polish, and he became a Polish citizen, he left the Parliament of Germany in 1922.\nAfter becoming a Polish citizen, he founded the Katholische Volkspartei, a Catholic party that promoted the interests of the German minority in Upper Silesia. He was a Senator of the Republic of Poland and a member of the Silesian Parliament from 1922 until his death. He was also a member of the city council of Katowice. After his death, Arthur Gabrisch succeeded him as Senator and Conrad Kunsdorf as Member of the Silesian Parliament. Eduard Pant was elected new chairman of the party.\nA school in Hindenburg in the German part of Silesia was named in his honour from 1929 to 1935. He received the Order of St. Gregory the Great.", "Q111943": "Kurt L\u00f6wenstein (18 May 1885 in Bleckede \u2013 8 May 1939 in Paris) was a German USPD/SPD politician, Socialist reform pedagogue and one of the founders of Socialist Youth of Germany - Falcons.", "Q74674": "Yokoyama Matsusabur\u014d (\u6a2a\u5c71 \u677e\u4e09\u90ce, 1838\u20131884) was a pioneering Japanese photographer, artist, lithographer and teacher.\nYokoyama was born Yokoyama Bunroku (\u6a2a\u5c71 \u6587\u516d) in Iturup (then under Japanese control) on 10 October 1838. Early in his life, Yokoyama and his family moved to Hakodate, where in 1854 he was first exposed to photography on seeing daguerreotypes by Eliphalet Brown, Jr. and A. F. Mozhaiskii. At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to a kimono dealer, and during this time developed an interest in painting. A few years later, as an assistant to the Russian painter Lehman, he was exposed to Western painting styles and helped sketch the surroundings of the Russian Consulate in Hakodate. With a view to improving his landscape painting, Yokoyama started to learn photography. He travelled to Yokohama and studied photography under Shimooka Renj\u014d, then returned to Hakodate and studied under the Russian consul, I. A. Goshkevich. In 1868 Yokoyama opened his own commercial photographic studio in Yokohama. That same year he moved his studio to Ry\u014dgoku (in Tokyo), naming it Ts\u016bten-r\u014d (\u901a\u5929\u697c); some time later, he moved Ts\u016bten-r\u014d a short distance to Ueno Ikenohata).In 1868, Yokoyama met Ninagawa Noritane, an official in the Meiji government, who commissioned him to photograph Edo Castle, before its imminent reconstruction, and the Imperial treasures housed in the Sh\u014ds\u014din. The project was completed between 1871 and 1872 and some of the resulting work was published in 1872 as an album of 64 photographs titled Ky\u016b-Edo-j\u014d Shashin-ch\u014d (\u65e7\u6c5f\u6238\u57ce\u5199\u771f\u5e33, Photograph Album of the former Edo Castle) and republished as an album of 73 photographs in 1878 under the title Kanko Zusetsu, Jokakau-no-bu (History and description of Japanese arts and industries, part one, the castle). Some of Yokoyama's photographs of Japanese art works were presented at the 1873 Vienna Exposition.Yokoyama was the first Japanese photographer to seriously pursue stereographic photography. An early photograph of his studio equipment shows seven cameras, of which two are stereographic. By 1869 Yokoyama, accompanied by friends and students, was travelling throughout Japan to make stereoviews. He produced at least three series of views that were published at the time, but that are now very hard to find. According to photography historian Rob Oechsle, Yokoyama's are the only notable Japanese-made stereographic series from the early Meiji period; they were taken from 1869 through the 1870s.In 1870, Shimooka Renj\u014d invited Yokoyama to join him in photographing Mount Nikk\u014d-Shirane. The resulting photographs, under both their names, were subsequently presented to the Tokugawa clan.Yokoyama opened an art school in 1873 whose students included such painters as Kamei Shiichi, Kamei Takejiro and Yamada Nariaki, and such photographers as Azusawa Ry\u014dichi, Kikuchi Shingaku, Nakajima Matsuchi, and Suzuki Shin'ichi.In 1876, he gave the rights to his studio to his assistant Oda Nobumasa and became a lecturer at the Japanese Military Academy, lecturing on photography and lithography.In 1881, a recurrence of his tuberculosis, first caught around the age of fifteen, forced him to leave his post at the Military Academy. Nevertheless, he then founded the Shashin Sekiban-sha (Photolithography Company), he continued to paint, and about this time he created what he called shashin abura-e (\u5beb\u771e\u6cb9\u7e6a in the orthography of the time, \u5199\u771f\u6cb9\u7d75 now) or \"photographic oil-paintings\", in which the paper support of a photograph was cut away and oil paints then applied to the remaining emulsion. Yokoyama produced a number of works using this technique.Yokoyama died in Tokyo on 15 October 1884.\nIn addition to his landscapes and portraits, Yokoyama is noted for his self-portraits, and his works include paintings, large format albumen prints (monochrome and hand-coloured), and shashin abura-e. He produced studio souvenir albums, some of which have survived to this day. A biography of Yokoyama was written in 1887.", "Q63308": "Elizabeth Key \"Bess\" Armstrong (born December 11, 1953) is an American film, stage and television actress. She is best known for her roles in films The Four Seasons (1981), High Road to China (1983), Jaws 3-D (1983), and Nothing in Common (1986). Armstrong also starred in the ABC drama series My So-Called Life and had lead roles in a number of made-for-television films.\n\n", "Q64467": "Theodor Oberl\u00e4nder (1 May 1905 \u2013 4 May 1998) was a Nazi German politician who after the Second World War served as Federal Minister for Displaced Persons, Refugees and Victims of War in West Germany from 1953 to 1960, and as a Member of the Bundestag from 1953 to 1961 and from 1963 to 1965.\nOberl\u00e4nder earned a doctorate in agriculture in 1929 and a second doctorate in economics in 1930. He spent time in the Soviet Union during the 1920s and early 1930s, including as an employee of DRUSAG, a German company involved in developing Soviet agriculture in cooperation with the Soviet government. Subsequently, he became active in Ostforschung, area studies of the Soviet Union, the Baltic states, Poland and other countries of Eastern and Central Europe, advocating elimination of Jews and subjugation of Polish people in Poland which in his writings he described as having \"eight million inhabitants too many\". In 1933, he became Director of the Institute for East German Economy in K\u00f6nigsberg, and in 1938 he became Professor of Agriculture at the University of Greifswald. He served as a lieutenant in the German military intelligence service in the Soviet Union during the Second World War and was promoted to captain of the reserve before his discharge in 1943; in the same year he became Director of the Institute for Economic Sciences. From 1944, he was affiliated with the staff of Andrey Vlasov's anti-Stalinist Russian Liberation Army. He became a member of the Nazi Party in 1933. However, from 1937 until the end of Nazi rule, he was under surveillance by the Sicherheitsdienst, as he was suspected of being disloyal to the Nazi cause. In 1940, he endorsed ethnic cleansing of Poland. He later became the leader of the mixed German and Caucasian Bergmann Battalion, which was active in anti-partisan warfare. Both groups were later claimed to have participated in war crimes.\nAfter the war, he worked for American intelligence as an expert on Eastern Europe until 1949. He entered politics for the liberal Free Democratic Party from 1948. In 1950, he was a co-founder of the All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights and served as its chairman from 1954 to 1955. He served as a member of the Parliament of Bavaria from 1950 to 1953 and as Secretary of State for Refugee Affairs in the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior from 1951 to 1953. He then served as Federal Minister for Displaced Persons, Refugees and Victims of War in the Second and Third Cabinets of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer from 1953 to 1960, and as a Member of the Bundestag from 1953 to 1961 and from 1963 to 1965, during which time he represented Hildesheim from 1957 to 1961. In 1956, Oberl\u00e4nder became a member of the Christian Democratic Union. Oberl\u00e4nder was one of the most staunch anti-communists in the German government. He received the Grand Cross of Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Bavarian Order of Merit and the Legion of Honour.", "Q22432": "Signs is a 2002 American science fiction horror film written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan and executive produced by Shyamalan, Frank Marshall, Kathleen Kennedy and Sam Mercer. A joint collective effort to commit to the film's production was made by Blinding Edge Pictures and The Kennedy/Marshall Company. It was commercially distributed by Touchstone Pictures theatrically, and by Touchstone Home Entertainment in home media format. Its story focuses on a former Episcopal priest named Graham Hess, played by Mel Gibson, who discovers a series of crop circles in his cornfield. Hess slowly discovers that the phenomenon is a result of extraterrestrial life. It also stars Joaquin Phoenix, Rory Culkin, and Abigail Breslin. Signs explores the themes of faith, kinship, and extraterrestrials.Following its premiere in theatres nationwide on August 2, 2002, the film grossed $227,966,634 in domestic ticket receipts screening at 3,453 theatres during its widest release. It earned an additional $180,281,283 in business through international release, to top out at a combined $408,247,917 in gross revenue. The film was nominated for multiple awards, including those from the Online Film Critics Society and the Empire Awards. The film also won an award from the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. Considering its $72 million budget costs, the film was considered a strong financial success after its theatrical run, and was met with positive reviews from critics, with some praising its atmosphere and story but others criticizing aspects of the script. The high-definition Blu-ray Disc edition of the film featuring the director's audio commentary, the making of the film, and deleted scenes was released in the United States on June 3, 2008. The original motion picture soundtrack, which was composed by James Newton Howard, was released on the opening day by the Hollywood Records label.\n\n", "Q438667": "Henrik Fisker (born 10 August 1963) is a Danish-American automotive designer and entrepreneur residing in Los Angeles, California. He is best known for designing luxury cars including the BMW Z8, Aston Martin DB9, Aston Martin V8 Vantage, Fisker Karma, Galpin-Fisker Mustang Rocket, VLF Force 1 V10, VLF Destino V8, Fisker EMotion, Fisker Ocean, and Fisker Orbit. He also designed the Viking motorcycle and Benetti Fisker 50 superyacht, and is involved in the design of flexible solid-state battery technology. He is the founder of HF Design, co-founded VLF Automotive, founder and former CEO of Fisker Coachbuild, founder of Fisker Automotive, where he served as chairman and CEO until March 2013, and currently is the founder, chairman and CEO of Fisker Inc.\nFisker's creation of the Fisker Karma was the world's first premium plug-in hybrid, and received a handful of accolades, including the International Design Awards Product Design of the Year, Silver Edison Award, Automobile magazine's Design of the Year Award, Top Gear Car of the Year, Fast Company's Innovation By Design Award, and was named one of Time magazine's 50 Best Inventions of 2011. Fisker was named one of the 10 Most Interesting People of 2015 by The Drive. Goliath.com named him one of the 10 greatest car designers in automotive history, writing that he has created \"some of the modern masterpieces in the automobile industry.\"", "Q7723360": "The Cleopatras was a 1983 BBC Television eight-part historical drama serial. Written by Philip Mackie, it is set in Ancient Egypt during the latter part of the Ptolemaic Dynasty with an emphasis on the Cleopatras. Intended to be the I, Claudius of the 1980s, The Cleopatras met with a decidedly mixed critical reaction. It was regarded and portrayed as a gaudy farce.The series was generally poorly received despite the impressive cast. The series also managed to produce a number of complaints due to the instances of nudity in the series.The Cleopatras was novelised by Mackie in 1983 as a tie in with the series.\nThe title and incidental music was written and composed by Nick Bic\u00e2t. In January 1983 a 7\" vinyl was released to tie in with the original broadcast.Although the show has never been rebroadcast or released on DVD, clips from The Cleopatras were featured in a 2015 BBC documentary about how Cleopatra VII has been portrayed and presented in film and on television.", "Q117301": "Vera Jordanova (Bulgarian \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0419\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430) (born 28 August 1975) is a Bulgarian-Finnish cookbook author, actress and model.", "Q65779": "Kyburg is a settlement and former municipality in the district of Pf\u00e4ffikon in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland, since 2016 part of the municipality of Illnau-Effretikon.", "Q193001": "Sighi\u0219oara (Romanian pronunciation: [si\u0261i\u02c8\u0283o\u032fara]; German: Sch\u00e4\u00dfburg pronounced [\u02c8\u0283\u025bsb\u028a\u0250\u032fk]; Transylvanian Saxon: Sch\u00e4sbrich; Hungarian: Segesv\u00e1r, pronounced [\u02c8\u0283\u025b\u0261\u025b\u0283va\u02d0r] (listen); Yiddish: \u05e9\u05e2\u05e1\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d2\u200e, Shesburg; Latin: Castrum Sex) is a city on the T\u00e2rnava Mare River in Mure\u0219 County, Romania. Located in the historic region of Transylvania, Sighi\u0219oara has a population of 28,102 according to the 2011 census. It is a popular tourist destination for its well-preserved walled old town, which is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.\nThe city administers seven villages: Angofa, Aurel Vlaicu, Hetiur, Rora, \u0218oromiclea, Venchi and Viilor.", "Q98804": "Alexander Bonde (born 12 January 1975 in Freiburg im Breisgau) is a German politician for Alliance '90/The Greens.", "Q24043": "Patrick Alan Nunnelee (October 9, 1958 \u2013 February 6, 2015) was an American businessman and politician who served as the U.S. Representative for Mississippi's 1st congressional district from 2011 until his death in 2015. Previously he served in the Mississippi State Senate, representing the 6th district, from 1995 to 2011. He was a member of the Republican Party.", "Q209839": "The Saint in Palm Springs is a crime melodrama released by RKO Pictures in early 1941. The film continued the screen adventures of the Robin Hood-inspired anti-hero, Simon Templar, alias \"The Saint\", created by Leslie Charteris.\nThis sequel was based upon a story by Charteris; however, many changes to his concept were made. Charteris later novelised his version of the film story as the novella \"Palm Springs\", contained within the collection The Saint Goes West. This was the sixth of eight in RKO's film series about The Saint.\nThe central cast was identical to the previous entry, The Saint Takes Over. George Sanders returned as Templar (his final performance in the role), with Jonathan Hale making his own final appearance as Inspector Farnack. (The character would next be seen in The Saint in Manhattan, a 1980s television pilot.) Wendy Barrie makes her third and final appearance, once again playing a different character, as does Paul Guilfoyle, reprising the role of Clarence \"Pearly\" Gates from the previous film.\nThe storyline involves The Saint pursuing rare stamps at a Palm Springs, California hotel.", "Q727099": "Alfonso L\u00f3pez Pumarejo (31 January 1886 \u2013 20 November 1959) was a Colombian political figure, who twice served as President of Colombia, as a member of the Colombian Liberal Party. He served as President of Colombia for the first time between 1934 and 1938 and again between 1942 and 1945.", "Q69143": "Derendingen is a municipality in the district of Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q92497": "Paul Adolf Franz Lejeune-Jung, (actually Lejeune genannt Jung, meaning called Jung) (16 March 1882 in Cologne \u2013 8 September 1944 in Berlin, executed) was a German economist, politician, syndic in the pulp industry, and resistance fighter against Adolf Hitler's Third Reich.", "Q1420239": "Temple University (sometimes referred to as Temple or TU) is a public research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1884 by the Baptist minister Russell Conwell. On May 12, 1888, it was renamed the Temple College of Philadelphia. By 1907, the institution revised its institutional status and was incorporated as a university.\nAs of 2019, about 40,000 undergraduate, graduate and professional students were enrolled at the university. Temple is among the world's largest providers of professional education (law, medicine, podiatry, pharmacy, dentistry, engineering and architecture), preparing the largest body of professional practitioners in Pennsylvania.", "Q173693": "Bruce Johnstone (born William Bruce Gordon Johnstone on 30 January 1937 in Durban) is a former racing driver from South Africa. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 29 December 1962. He scored no championship points.\n\n", "Q973947": "Daniel Stephen Sugerman (October 11, 1954 \u2013 January 5, 2005) was the second manager of the Los Angeles-based rock band the Doors, and wrote several books about Jim Morrison and the Doors, including No One Here Gets Out Alive (co-authored with Jerry Hopkins), and the autobiography Wonderland Avenue.", "Q103374": "Herbert B\u00f6hme was a German poet who wrote poems and battle hymns for the Nazi Party. In 1930 he became one of the newly formed Junge Mannschaft, a group of semi-official Nazi poets that also included Heinrich Anacker, Gerhard Schumann and Hitler Youth leader Baldur von Schirach. B\u00f6hme joined the Nazi Party on 1 May 1933 and its original paramilitary wing, the Brownshirts, on 1 September 1933. After the Second World War he became involved with neo-fascism.", "Q267138": "Yahoo Serious (born Greg Gomez Pead; 27 July 1953) is an Australian film actor, director, and score composer. His films include the 1988 comedy Young Einstein, Reckless Kelly (1993), and Mr. Accident (2000). Serious writes, directs, produces, stars in, and has composed the scores for his movies.", "Q1630086": "Edmundo Jaime P\u00e9rez Yoma (born 10 January 1939 Antofagasta) is a Chilean politician from the Christian Democrat Party of Chile. He was twice the Minister of Defense during the administration of President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, and he served as the Minister of the Interior for President Michelle Bachelet's administration.\nP\u00e9rez Yoma is the son of Edmundo P\u00e9rez Zujovic, the assassinated minister under President Eduardo Frei Montalva, father of President Frei Ruiz-Tagle. As a boy, he came to Santiago, the capital, with his family, enrolling in Saint George's College and then the University of Chile, where for two years he studied engineering. Later, he moved to Seattle to attend the University of Washington, from which he earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1962. P\u00e9rez Yoma then returned to Chile, marrying Paz Vergara Larra\u00edn in 1965, with whom he has had six children.In the following years, while working in business, P\u00e9rez Yoma was critical of Popular Unity, the coalition of parties that brought the socialist Salvador Allende to power in 1970. In 1988, he served as national advisor for the Christian Democrat Party (PDC) and in 1989, he managed the senatorial campaign of Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle. In 1991, he was named president of the Defense Commission of his party. In the 1990s, he was president on the board of Petrox and Chilectra Metropolitana, oil and electricity companies, respectively. In 1993, he was executive secretary of Frei's presidential campaign.", "Q241841": "Jordan Elizabeth Ladd (born January 14, 1975) is an American actress. The daughter of actress Cheryl Ladd and producer David Ladd, she initially worked with her mother in several made-for-television films, before making her big screen debut at 19, in the vampire film Embrace of the Vampire (1994). She subsequently appeared in the drama Nowhere (1997) and the comedy Never Been Kissed (1999). Ladd became known as a scream queen, having appeared in several successful horror films, including Cabin Fever (2002), Club Dread (2004), Death Proof (2007), and Grace (2009).", "Q952751": "Jacques Antoine Charles Bresse (9 October 1822, Vienne, Is\u00e8re \u2013 22 May 1883) was a French civil engineer who specialized in the design and use of hydraulic motors.\nBresse graduated from the \u00c9cole Polytechnique in 1843 and received his formal education in engineering at the \u00c9cole des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es. He returned to the \u00c9cole des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es in 1848 as an instructor for applied mechanics courses and in 1853 gained his professorship in applied mechanics, after which he taught at the school until his death in 1883.His name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower.", "Q142328": "Chirikure Chirikure (born 1962 in Gutu, Zimbabwe) is a Zimbabwean poet, songwriter, and writer. He is a graduate of the University of Zimbabwe and an Honorary Fellow of University of Iowa, US. He worked with one of Zimbabwe's leading publishing houses as an editor/publisher for 17 years, until 2002. He now runs a literary agency and also works as a performance poet, cultural consultant and translator.", "Q332663": "Sabino Policarpo Arana Goiri, self-styled as Arana ta Goiri'ta\u0155 Sabin (26 January 1865 \u2013 25 November 1903), was a [|Basque]] writer. He was the founder of the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) and father of Basque nationalism.\nHe died in Sukarrieta at the age of 38 after falling ill with Addison's disease during time spent in prison. He had been charged with treason for attempting to send a telegram to President Theodore Roosevelt, in which he praised the United States for helping Cuba gain independence from Spain.", "Q313875": "Michael Shawn Crahan (born September 24, 1969), more commonly known by his stage persona \"Clown\", is an American musician who is one of the two percussionists/background vocalists and co-founder of the Grammy Award-winning heavy metal band Slipknot. When performing with Slipknot, he is also known as #6. As of 2013, Crahan is the last remaining original member in Slipknot.\nCrahan is the oldest member of Slipknot, with extensive involvement in Slipknot's media production, directing Slipknot's music videos. Outside Slipknot, Crahan had two side project bands called To My Surprise and Dirty Little Rabbits. He also directed the 2016 film, Officer Downe.", "Q57913": "Princess Margaretha of Saxony, Duchess of Saxony (German: Prinzessin Margaretha Karoline Friederike Cecilie Auguste Amalie Josephine Elisabeth Maria Johanna von Sachsen, Herzogin zu Sachsen) (24 May 1840 \u2013 15 September 1858) was the eighth child and fifth eldest daughter of John of Saxony and his wife Amalie Auguste of Bavaria and a younger sister of Albert of Saxony and George of Saxony. She was born in Dresden, then in the Kingdom of Saxony. Through her marriage to Archduke Charles Louis of Austria, Margaretha was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and an Archduchess and Princess of Austria and Princess of Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, and Tuscany.", "Q69625": "Altendorf is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.", "Q220515": "The Pursuit of Happyness is a 2006 American biographical drama film directed by Gabriele Muccino and starring Will Smith as Chris Gardner, a homeless salesman. Smith's son Jaden Smith co-stars, making his film debut as Gardner's son, Christopher Jr. The screenplay by Steven Conrad is based on the best-selling memoir of the same name written by Gardner with Quincy Troupe. It is based on Gardner's nearly one-year struggle being homeless. The unusual spelling of the film's title comes from a mural that Gardner sees on the wall outside the daycare facility his son attends. \nThe film was released on December 25, 2006 by Columbia Pictures. Smith received acclaim for his performance and was nominated for an Oscar and a Golden Globe for Best Actor.", "Q810": "Jordan (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u200e; tr. Al-\u02beUrdunn [al.\u0294ur.dun\u02d0]), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629\u200e; tr. Al-Mamlakah al-\u2019Urdunniyyah Al-H\u0101shimiyyah), is an Arab country in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and the east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and Israel and the Palestinian West Bank to the west. The Dead Sea is located along its western borders and the country has a 26-kilometre (16 mi) coastline on the Red Sea in its extreme south-west. Jordan is strategically located at the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe. The capital, Amman, is Jordan's most populous city as well as the country's economic, political and cultural centre.What is now Jordan has been inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic period. Three stable kingdoms emerged there at the end of the Bronze Age: Ammon, Moab and Edom. Later rulers include the Nabataean Kingdom, the Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. After the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans in 1916 during World War I, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned by Britain and France. The Emirate of Transjordan was established in 1921 by the Hashemite, then Emir, Abdullah I, and the emirate became a British protectorate. In 1946, Jordan became an independent state officially known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan, but was renamed in 1949 to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan after the country captured the West Bank during the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War and annexed it until it was lost to Israel in 1967. Jordan renounced its claim to the territory in 1988, and became one of two Arab states to sign a peace treaty with Israel in 1994. Jordan is a founding member of the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Co-operation. The sovereign state is a constitutional monarchy, but the king holds wide executive and legislative powers.\nJordan is a relatively small, semi-arid, almost landlocked country with an area of 89,342 km2 (34,495 sq mi) and a population numbering 10 million, making it the 11th-most populous Arab country. Sunni Islam, practiced by around 95% of the population, is the dominant religion and coexists with an indigenous Christian minority. Jordan has been repeatedly referred to as an \"oasis of stability\" in a turbulent region. It has been mostly unscathed by the violence that swept the region following the Arab Spring in 2010. From as early as 1948, Jordan has accepted refugees from multiple neighbouring countries in conflict. An estimated 2.1 million Palestinian and 1.4 million Syrian refugees are present in Jordan as of a 2015 census. The kingdom is also a refuge to thousands of Iraqi Christians fleeing persecution by ISIL. While Jordan continues to accept refugees, the recent large influx from Syria placed substantial strain on national resources and infrastructure.Jordan is classified as a country of \"high human development\" with an \"upper middle income\" economy. The Jordanian economy, one of the smallest economies in the region, is attractive to foreign investors based upon a skilled workforce. The country is a major tourist destination, also attracting medical tourism due to its well developed health sector. Nonetheless, a lack of natural resources, large flow of refugees and regional turmoil have hampered economic growth.", "Q269673": "Rachel Louise Blanchard (born March 19, 1976) is a Canadian television actress, best known for playing the lead role of Cher Horowitz in the US television series Clueless (1996-1999). Blanchard took over the role from Alicia Silverstone, who portrayed the character in the original film.", "Q342384": "Maxim Alexander Baldry (born 5 January 1996) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Viktor Goraya in Years and Years, Liam Donovan in Hollyoaks, Stepan in Mr. Bean's Holiday alongside Rowan Atkinson, and Ed in Last Christmas. He has also starred in Kleine Eisb\u00e4r 2, and appeared as Ancient Egyptian child Caesarion, a son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra, with three episodes in the television series Rome.and in 2020, Baldry had a guest role in the Doctor Who episode The Haunting of Villa Diodati as John Polidori. He is rumored to star in \u201ca lead role\u201d in the Amazon Prime Video adaptation of The Lord Of The Rings.Baldry's mother is Russian, and he grew up speaking Russian.\n\n", "Q157043": "Joseph Henry (December 17, 1797 \u2013 May 13, 1878) was an American scientist who served as the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. He was the secretary for the National Institute for the Promotion of Science, a precursor of the Smithsonian Institution. He was highly regarded during his lifetime. While building electromagnets, Henry discovered the electromagnetic phenomenon of self-inductance. He also discovered mutual inductance independently of Michael Faraday, though Faraday was the first to make the discovery and publish his results. Henry developed the electromagnet into a practical device. He invented a precursor to the electric doorbell (specifically a bell that could be rung at a distance via an electric wire, 1831) and electric relay (1835). The SI unit of inductance, the Henry, is named in his honor. Henry's work on the electromagnetic relay was the basis of the practical electrical telegraph, invented by Samuel F. B. Morse and Sir Charles Wheatstone, separately.", "Q599903": "The Ireland national rugby union team is the representative national team in the sport of rugby union for the island of Ireland. The team competes annually in the Six Nations Championship and every four years in the Rugby World Cup. Ireland is also one of the four unions that make up the British and Irish Lions \u2013 players eligible to play for Ireland are also eligible for the Lions.\nThe Ireland national team dates to 1875, when it played its first international match against England. Ireland reached number 1 in the World Rugby Rankings for the first time in 2019.Eleven former Ireland players have earned their induction into the World Rugby Hall of Fame.", "Q1122815": "Vocalion Records is an American record company and label active for many years in the US and the UK.", "Q148163": "Zarzuela (Spanish pronunciation: [\u03b8a\u027e\u02c8\u03b8wela]) is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates between spoken and sung scenes, the latter incorporating operatic and popular songs, as well as dance. The etymology of the name is uncertain, but some propose it may derive from the name of a Royal hunting lodge, the Palacio de la Zarzuela near Madrid, where, allegedly, this type of entertainment was first presented to the court. The palace was named after the place called \"La Zarzuela\" because of the profusion of brambles (zarzas) that grew there, and so the festivities held within the walls became known as \"Zarzuelas\".\nThere are two main forms of zarzuela: Baroque zarzuela (c. 1630\u20131750), the earliest style, and Romantic zarzuela (c. 1850\u20131950), which can be further divided into two. Main subgenres are g\u00e9nero grande and g\u00e9nero chico, although other sub-divisions exist.\nZarzuela spread to the Spanish dominions, and many Hispanic countries \u2013 notably Cuba \u2013 developed their own traditions. There is also a strong tradition in the Philippines where it is also known as sarswela/sarsuela. Other regional and linguistic variants in Spain include the Basque zartzuela and the Catalan sarsuela.\nA masque-like musical theatre had existed in Spain since the time of Juan del Encina. The zarzuela genre was innovative in giving a dramatic function to the musical numbers, which were integrated into the argument of the work. Dances and choruses were incorporated as well as solo and ensemble numbers, all to orchestral accompaniment.", "Q116779": "D. Ant\u00f3nio Jos\u00e9 Severim de Noronha, 1st Duke of Terceira, 1st Marquis of Vila Flor (18 March 1792, in Lisbon \u2013 26 April 1860) was a Portuguese military officer, statesman and a leader of the Constitutionalist side in the Liberal Wars, as well as a Prime Minister of Portugal.", "Q167180": "Blanche of Anjou (1280 \u2013 14 October 1310) was Queen of Aragon as the second spouse of King James II. She was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou, she is also known as Blanche of Naples. She served as Regent or \"Queen-Lieutenant\" of Aragon during the absence of her spouse in 1310.\n\n", "Q3472306": "Sanjiv Ahuja is a telecommunications executive, the chairman and CEO of Tillman Global Holdings.On 15 June 2016 his company, Apollo Towers Myanmar, began drawdowns on a $250 million loan from the United States Overseas Private Investment Corp. to build cell towers in Myanmar. The firm hopes to build 2,000 additional towers in the country; it has already worked with Telenor, an international provider of mobile connectivity, to construct 1,700 towers in Myanmar in 2014 and 2015.", "Q64301": "Schlatt-Haslen District is a district of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in Switzerland. It was formally established in 1872 from the rhode Schlatt and the village Haslen.", "Q22354": "Kelly Ann Ayotte (; born June 27, 1968) is an American attorney and politician who served as a United States Senator from 2011 to 2017 and Attorney General for New Hampshire from 2004 to 2009. She is a Republican.\nBorn and raised in Nashua, New Hampshire, Ayotte is a graduate of Nashua High School, Pennsylvania State University and Villanova University School of Law. She worked as a law clerk for the New Hampshire Supreme Court before entering private practice. She also worked as a prosecutor for the New Hampshire Department of Justice, and briefly served as the legal counsel to New Hampshire Governor Craig Benson, before returning to the Department of Justice to serve as Deputy Attorney General of New Hampshire.\nIn June 2004, Governor Benson appointed Ayotte as Attorney General of New Hampshire, after the resignation of Peter Heed. She became the first and only woman to serve as New Hampshire's Attorney General, serving from 2004 to 2009, after she was twice reappointed by Democratic governor John Lynch. In July 2009, Ayotte resigned as Attorney General to pursue a bid for the U.S. Senate, after three-term incumbent Judd Gregg announced his retirement from the Senate.\nIn September 2010, Ayotte won a close victory over lawyer Ovide M. Lamontagne in the Republican primary for the U.S. Senate. She then defeated Democratic congressman Paul Hodes in the general election with 60% of the vote and was sworn into the U.S. Senate as a member of the 112th Congress on January 3, 2011. Ayotte was mentioned as a possible running mate for Republican nominee Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential election. An August 2013 Newsmax magazine cover story named Ayotte No. 1 among the 25 most influential women in the GOP, calling her \"an emerging force in Congress.\"In 2016, Ayotte was defeated in her bid for reelection by Democratic Governor Maggie Hassan by a very narrow margin of 1,017 votes (0.14%). After President Trump nominated Judge Neil Gorsuch to the United States Supreme Court, the administration chose Ayotte to lead the White House team escorting the nominee to meetings and hearings on Capitol Hill.\nAyotte was chosen by Senator John McCain to deliver a Bible reading at his memorial service in Washington D.C. on September 1, 2018.\n\n", "Q274144": "Kathrine Kressmann Taylor or Kressmann Taylor (born 1903 in Portland, Oregon \u2013 July 1996) was an American author, known mostly for her Address Unknown (1938), a short story written as a series of letters between a Jewish art dealer, living in San Francisco, and his business partner, who had returned to Germany in 1932. It is credited with exposing, early on, the dangers of Nazism to the American public.", "Q117467": "The Royal Society of Edinburgh is Scotland's national academy of science and letters. It is a registered charity, operating on a wholly independent and non-party-political basis and providing public benefit throughout Scotland. It was established in 1783. As of 2017, it has more than 1,660 Fellows.The Society covers a broader selection of fields than the Royal Society of London including literature and history. Fellowship includes people from a wide range of disciplines \u2013 science & technology, arts, humanities, medicine, social science, business, and public service.\n\n", "Q97289": "Erik Schumann (15 February 1925 \u2013 9 February 2007) was a German actor. He appeared in 100 films and television shows between 1942 and 1997. He was most successful during the 1950s and 1960s, when he played leading roles in several German films. He starred in the 1964 film Time of the Innocent, which was entered into the 14th Berlin International Film Festival. Schumann also worked as a stage and dubbing-voice actor in German synchronisations. Among his dubbing roles were Tony Curtis in Some Like It Hot, Cary Grant in Bringing Up Baby and Jack Nicholson in Prizzi's Honor. He also performed the German voice of Stinky Pete in Pixar's third feature film Toy Story 2, originally perfomed by Kelsey Grammer.", "Q107674": "Eugen Siebecke was a German politician and member of the SPD. He was the mayor of Marburg from 6 April 1945 until 5 February 1946.", "Q1700151": "John Graver Johnson (1841, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania \u2013 April 13, 1917, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was an American corporate lawyer and art collector. The Philadelphia law firm that he founded in 1863 continues under the name Saul Ewing. His collection of nearly 1,300 paintings forms the core of early European works at the Philadelphia Museum of Art.", "Q1806105": "Larry Prentis Rice (April 24, 1949 \u2013 May 13, 2006) was an American mandolinist, singer, songwriter, and band leader in the bluegrass tradition. He is known for his solo albums and for his unique syncopated mandolin picking style.", "Q234574": "Ry\u014dko Hirosue (\u5e83\u672b \u6dbc\u5b50, Hirosue Ry\u014dko, born 18 July 1980) is a Japanese actress and singer, best known to international audiences for her roles in the Luc Besson-produced Wasabi and the Academy Award-winning Japanese film Departures. She also starred in the 2008 comedy series Yasuko to Kenji.", "Q96183": "Carl also Karl Romanus von Weishaupt (11 August 1787 \u2013 18 December 1853) was a Bavarian lieutenant general and War Minister under Maximilian II of Bavaria from 5 April to 21 November 1848.", "Q376035": "American Hi-Fi is an American rock band formed in Boston in 1998. The band consists of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Stacy Jones, lead guitarist Jamie Arentzen, bassist and backing vocalist Drew Parsons, and drummer Brian Nolan. Prior to the group's formation, Stacy Jones was well known for being a drummer in the successful alternative rock bands Veruca Salt and Letters to Cleo. American Hi-Fi has a close relationship with Miley Cyrus, whose band shares two members with American Hi-Fi. The group has a mixed musical style that includes influences from pop punk, alternative rock, and power pop.The group released its eponymous debut album in 2001, and this led to their hit single \"Flavor of the Weak\" and the band was awarded as the \"Rising Star\" from the Boston Music Awards, 2001. The Art of Losing followed in 2003 with the singles \"The Art of Losing\" and \"The Breakup Song\". After this, the group was dropped from their label, Island Records, and moved to Los Angeles to remake their production and sound. Working with veteran music producer Butch Walker, they released Hearts on Parade in 2005. The band then toured to a widespread fan-base in Japan and in the United States. Finally the band came back after five years of interval, releasing their fourth studio album Fight the Frequency in August 2010. The band released their fifth album Blood & Lemonade on September 9, 2014 worldwide via the independent label Rude Records.\n\n", "Q478531": "Alok Sharma (born 7 September 1967) is a British politician, serving as the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy from February 2020. He was previously the Secretary of State for International Development from July 2019 to February 2020. He was elected in 2010 as the Conservative Member of Parliament for Reading West.\nSharma previously served as Housing Minister between 2017 and 2018, and as Employment Minister from 2018 to 2019.\n\n", "Q167194": "Shmuel Mikunis (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05de\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05e1, 10 August 1903 \u2013 20 May 1982) was a communist Israeli politician and member of the Knesset from 1949 until 1974.", "Q677876": "Lewis Ferry Moody (5 January 1880 \u2013 21 February 1953) was an American engineer and professor, best known for the Moody chart, a diagram capturing relationships between several variables used in calculating fluid flow through a pipe. He has 23 patents for his inventions. He was the first Professor of Hydraulics in the School of Engineering at Princeton.", "Q732480": "Paul Mark Gardiner (1 May 1958 \u2013 4 February 1984) was a British musician who played bass guitar with Gary Numan and Tubeway Army, as well as creating material under his own name.", "Q108553": "Fritz Bamberger (7 January 1902 \u2013 24 September 1984) was a German Jewish Scholar, educator and magazine editor who directed the school system for the education of Jews in pre- World War II, was the editor-in-chief of Coronet starting in 1942, and taught and wrote in the areas of philosophy and intellectual history.", "Q156349": "Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan listen (5 September 1888 \u2013 17 April 1975) was an Indian philosopher, academic, and statesman who served as the first Vice President of India (1952\u20131962) and the second President of India (1962\u20131967).One of India's most distinguished twentieth-century scholars of comparative religion and philosophy, after completing his education at Madras Christian College in 1911, he became Assistant Professor and later Professor of Philosophy at Madras Presidency College then subsequently Professor of Philosophy at the University of Mysore (1918-1921); the King George V Chair of Mental and Moral Science at the University of Calcutta (1921\u20131932) and Spalding Professor of Eastern Religion and Ethics at University of Oxford (1936\u20131952) by which he became the first Indian to hold a professorial chair at the University of Oxford. He was Upton Lecturer at Manchester College, Oxford in 1926, 1929, and 1930. In 1930 he was appointed Haskell lecturer in Comparative Religion at the University of Chicago.His philosophy was grounded in Advaita Vedanta, reinterpreting this tradition for a contemporary understanding. He defended Hinduism against what he called \"uninformed Western criticism\", contributing to the formation of contemporary Hindu identity. He has been influential in shaping the understanding of Hinduism, in both India and the west, and earned a reputation as a bridge-builder between India and the West.Radhakrishnan was awarded several high awards during his life, including a knighthood in 1931, the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India, in 1954, and honorary membership of the British Royal Order of Merit in 1963. He was also one of the founders of Helpage India, a non profit organisation for elderly underprivileged in India. Radhakrishnan believed that \"teachers should be the best minds in the country\". Since 1962, his birthday has been celebrated in India as Teachers' Day on 5 September every year.He is the only President of India who could not attend the Delhi Republic Day parade due to his ill health", "Q554971": "Johnny Dorelli (real name Giorgio Guidi; born 20 February 1937, in Meda) is an Italian actor, singer and Television host.\nDorelli was born in Italy. In 1946 he moved to New York with his family, where his father, Nino D'Aurelio (born Aurelio Guidi), found work as opera singer. Dorelli studied double bass and piano at the High School of Music and Art in New York. He returned in Italy in 1955.\nHe debuted as singer in the late 1950s for CGD label. In 1958 he won the Sanremo Festival in duo with Domenico Modugno, with the songs \"Nel blu dipinto di blu\" (also known as \"Volare\") and \"Piove (Ciao ciao bambina)\". \"L'immensit\u00e0\" earned Dorelli a ninth place at the 1967 edition of the Sanremo Song Festival.His greatest success was the musical Aggiungi un posto a tavola, which was also performed at the Adelphi Theatre in London's West End in an English version entitled Beyond the Rainbow in 1978.\nAfter a period of absence, he returned to success in the 1980s. In 1983, he played St. Philip Neri in Luigi Magni's TV film State buoni se potete. \nDorelli's latest feature film role is in Pupi Avati's Ma quando arrivano le ragazze (2004).\nHis Most Famous Songs are : Calypso Melody (1957), Julia (1958), Boccuccia Di Rosa (Pink Lips) (1958), Love In Portofino (1959), Lettera A Pinocchio (1959), Montecarlo (1961), Speedy Gonzales (1962), Era Settembre (1964), Probabilmente (1965), Al Buio Sto Sognando (1966), Solo Pi\u00f9 Che Mai (Strangers In The Night) (1966), L'Immensit\u00e0 (1967), Arriva La Bomba (1967), E Penso A Te (1971), Aggiungi Un Posto A Tavola (1975).\nAs a (popular and jazz) crooner, he sang numerous songs live on television shows (mainly in the 60's), in Italian and in English. \nIn 2007 he returned after 38 years to the stage of Sanremo as a participant with the song Meglio cos\u00ec, written by big names as Gianni Ferrio and Giorgio Calabrese, and accompanied by jazz pianist Stefano Bollani and the orchestra conducted by Ferrio.\nFor his typical singing style, Dorelli has often been imitated by musical comedians and impersonators.\nAfter marriages to actresses Lauretta Masiero and Catherine Spaak (1972\u20131978), in 1981 he married Gloria Guida, a former model and actress in Italian comedy movies of the 1970s.\n\n", "Q239050": "Marisol Nichols (born November 2, 1973) is an American actress, known for her roles as Nadia Yassir on the Fox series 24 and Hermione Lodge on the CW drama series Riverdale.", "Q1786452": "Merlin's Apprentice (sometimes called Merlin's Apprentice: The Search for the Holy Grail) is a 2006 miniseries. It is a sequel to the hit 1998 television miniseries Merlin with Sam Neill and Miranda Richardson reprising their roles as Merlin and the Lady of the Lake, albeit slightly different versions of their characters.\nWhile being vaguely based on Arthurian legend, its plot is set after the death of King Arthur and completely different from the traditional legends.", "Q70360": "Arthur Louis Hugo Rudolph (November 9, 1906 \u2013 January 1, 1996) was a German rocket engineer who was a leader of the effort to develop the V-2 rocket for Nazi Germany. After World War II, the United States Government's Office of Strategic Services (OSS) brought him to the U.S. as part of the clandestine Operation Paperclip, where he became one of the main developers of the U.S. space program. He worked within the U.S. Army and NASA, where he managed the development of several systems, including the Pershing missile and the Saturn V Moon rocket. In 1984, the U.S. Government investigated him for war crimes, and he agreed to renounce his United States citizenship and leave the U.S. in return for not being prosecuted.", "Q536892": "Jennifer Carole Ledger (born 8 December 1989) is an English drummer and co-vocalist for the American Christian rock / hard rock band Skillet. At the age of 18 she became Skillet's drummer, when their former drummer Lori Peters retired.Ledger released a solo EP in 2018 under the name Ledger. Several songs hit the Christian Rock chart and several other songs hit the Contemporary Christian music chart.", "Q1421655": "Orlandito \"Dito\" Montiel (born July 26, 1965) is an American author, filmmaker, and musician.", "Q69631": "Harald Weinrich (born 24 September 1927, in Wismar) is a German classical scholar, scholar of Romance philology and philosopher, known for the breadth of his writings. He is emeritus professor of the Coll\u00e8ge de France, and held the chair of Romance literature from 1992 to 1998.His doctorate and habilitation were from the University of M\u00fcnster. He took a founding chair at the new University of Bielefeld in 1968. From 1978 to 1992 he was at the University of Munich in a chair of German as Foreign Language. He was founder of the Adelbert von Chamisso Prize, a prize for German literature of non-native speakers.Weinrich has won many literary prizes, including the 1992 Karl-Vossler-Preis and the 1997 Hansischer Goethe-Preis. His books are widely translated in European languages.", "Q11952": "Agust\u00edn Edwards Mac-Clure (June 17, 1878 \u2013 June 18, 1941) was a Chilean lawyer, diplomat and businessman, and founder of the Santiago edition of El Mercurio newspaper.\nAgust\u00edn Edwards was born in Santiago, the son of Agust\u00edn Edwards Ross and of Luisa McClure Ossand\u00f3n. In 1900 he founded the Santiago edition of El Mercurio newspaper, using the same name of the newspaper he inherited from his father and that was published in Valpara\u00edso. He also wrote and published some history books: My Native Land, published in English; El Alba and Cuatro Presidentes de Chile, that refer to the administrations of presidents Prieto, Bulnes, Montt and P\u00e9rez. In May 1941, shortly before his death, he authored the foreword of Trout Fishing in Chilean Rivers.\nHe was a member of the lower house of the Chilean National Congress for four consecutive periods, between 1900 and 1910, representing the Partido Nacional. He was also Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cult and Colonization during the presidency of Germ\u00e1n Riesco, and again during the presidency of Pedro Montt, under whom was also named Interior Minister. In 1910 he was named a Plenipotentiary to Great Britain, and had a very important participation in the negotiations with Peru, with respect to the plesbicite that was to solve the question of the property of Tacna and Arica.\nHe was elected President of the General Assembly of the League of Nations from 1922 until 1923.As executor of the will of businessman and philanthropist Federico Santa Mar\u00eda Carrera, he founded the University that still bears his name.", "Q66502": "Lina Morgenstern (25 November 1830 in Wroc\u0142aw (German Breslau) \u2013 16 December 1909 in Berlin) was a German writer, educator, feminist and pacifist.\nShe was born to a Jewish family committed to social causes. In 1854 she married Theodor Morgenstern (1827-1910), and they moved to Berlin. The couple had five children \u2013 three daughters (Clara, Olga, and Martha) and two sons (Michael and Alfred).Morgenstern first started writing articles about education and children's care in order to contribute to the family's income, when her husband had financial problems. In 1859, the same year that her third child, Olga, was born, she and Adolf Lette founded the Berliner Frauen-Verein zur Bef\u00f6rderung der Fr\u00f6bel\u2019schen Kinderg\u00e4rten (Berlin women's association for the advancement of Fr\u00f6belian kindergartens), which advocated for the establishment in Berlin of kindergartens, a form of preschool education conceived of by the pedagogue Friedrich Fr\u00f6bel. Morgenstern served as chair from 1862 to 1866, by which time the society had established eight kindergartens in the city, as well as a school for the education of kindergarten teachers.\nIn 1866, during the Austro-Prussian War, she founded Berlin's first Volksk\u00fcche ('public kitchen,' or soup kitchen), an organization that offered nutritional meals at very low prices (reflecting at most the cost of preparation), based on a philosophy of helping needy people without putting them in the position of accepting outright charity.In 1896, she organised the Internationaler Kongress f\u00fcr Frauenwerke und Frauenbestrebungen in Berlin and she entered in the directive committee of the German Peace Society (DFG) in 1897.", "Q324015": "Rosco N. Gordon III (April 10, 1928 \u2013 July 11, 2002) was an American blues singer, pianist, and songwriter. He is best known for his hit songs \"Booted,\" (1952), \"No More Doggin'\" (1952), and \"Just a Little Bit\" (1960). Gordon was a pioneer of the Memphis blues style. He played piano in a style known as the \"Rosco rhythm,\" with the emphasis on the off-beat. This rhythm was an influence on the Jamaican pianist Theophilus Beckford and hence on reggae music as a whole.", "Q4569959": "Torvild Aakvaag (27 January 1927 \u2013 9 April 2020) was a Norwegian businessperson.He was born in B\u00e6rum, and was a cand.jur. by education. He was employed in the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1951 to 1956, but left for a career in Norsk Hydro. He was promoted to head of the judicial department in 1967, and head of the petroleum department in 1970. He advanced to become assisting director-general in 1977, and director-general (CEO) in 1984. He succeeded Odd Narud. He stayed in this position until 1991; after this he was chairman of the board from 1992 to 1997. He has also been a board member of Orkla Borregaard, Storebrand and Nobel Industrier, and chaired Hydro Aluminium and Korn- og Foderstof Kompagniet.He was decorated as a Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1989.", "Q804": "Panama ( (listen) PAN-\u0259-mah, pan-\u0259-MAH; Spanish: Panam\u00e1 IPA: [pana\u02c8ma] (listen)), officially the Republic of Panama (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de Panam\u00e1), is a transcontinental country in Central America and South America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The capital and largest city is Panama City, whose metropolitan area is home to nearly half the country's 4 million people.Panama was inhabited by indigenous tribes before Spanish colonists arrived in the 16th century. It broke away from Spain in 1821 and joined the Republic of Gran Colombia, a union of Nueva Granada, Ecuador, and Venezuela. After Gran Colombia dissolved in 1831, Panama and Nueva Granada eventually became the Republic of Colombia. With the backing of the United States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the construction of the Panama Canal to be completed by the US Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914. The 1977 Torrijos\u2013Carter Treaties led to the transfer of the Canal from the United States to Panama on December 31, 1999.Revenue from canal tolls continues to represent a significant portion of Panama's GDP, although commerce, banking, and tourism are major and growing sectors. It is regarded as a high-income country. In 2018 Panama ranked 66th in the world in terms of the Human Development Index. In 2018, Panama was ranked seventh-most competitive economy in Latin America, according to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index. Covering around 40 percent of its land area, Panama's jungles are home to an abundance of tropical plants and animals \u2013 some of them found nowhere else on earth. Panama is a founding member of the United Nations and other international organizations such as OAS, LAIA, G77, WHO, and NAM.", "Q615995": "Jorge Reyes (September 24, 1952 \u2013 February 7, 2009) was a Mexican ambient electronic musician who incorporated elements of his native Mexican culture into his music. He performed as the member of several groups (mostly known for his time with Chac Mool ) and collaborations (most notably with Steve Roach as well as Suso Saiz) and as a solo artist.\nThe Mexican Reyes should not be confused with the Cuban bassist Jorge Reyes, the Cuban author Jorge Ivan Reyes, the Brooklyn television writer Jorge A. Reyes, or the Oregon baseball player Jorge Reyes.", "Q1317816": "Indie folk is a music genre that arose in the 1990s among musicians from indie rock scenes influenced by folk music. Indie folk hybridizes the acoustic guitar melodies of traditional folk music with contemporary instrumentation. The genre has its earliest origins in 1990s folk artists who displayed alternative rock influences in their music, such as Ani DiFranco and Dan Bern, and acoustic artists such as Elliott Smith and Will Oldham. In the following decade, labels such as Saddle Creek, Barsuk, Ramseur, and Sub Pop helped to provide support to indie folk. Artists of note include the Decemberists, Fleet Foxes, the Cave Singers, Loch Lomond, Bon Iver, Or, The Whale, Great Lake Swimmers, and Blind Pilot.", "Q76711": "Nastassja Aglaia Kinski (n\u00e9e Nakszynski; born 24 January 1961) is a German actress and former model who has appeared in more than 60 films in Europe and the United States. Her worldwide breakthrough was with Stay as You Are (1978). She then came to global prominence with her Golden Globe Award-winning performance as the title character in the Roman Polanski-directed film Tess (1979). Other notable films in which she acted include the erotic horror film Cat People (1982), the Wim Wenders dramas Paris, Texas (1984) and Faraway, So Close! (1993), and the biographical drama film, An American Rhapsody (2001). Kinski is fluent in four languages: German, English, French and Italian.", "Q269667": "Rheinfelden (Alemannic German: Rhyf\u00e4lde, [\u02c8ri\u02d0f\u00e6ld\u0325\u0259]) is a municipality in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, seat of the district of Rheinfelden. It is located 15 kilometres east of Basel. The name means the fields of the Rhine, as the town is located on the High Rhine. It is home to Feldschl\u00f6sschen, the most popular beer in Switzerland. The city is across the river from Rheinfelden in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg; the two cities were joined until Napoleon Bonaparte fixed the Germany\u2013Switzerland border on the Rhine in 1802 and are still socially and economically tied.", "Q1946521": "Monument Records is an American record label in Washington, D.C. named for the Washington Monument, founded in 1958 by Fred Foster, Buddy Deane (a prominent Baltimore disc jockey at WTTG), and business manager Jack Kirby. Buddy Deane soon left the company, and in the early '60s bought KOTN in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, where he retired until his death. Foster and Kirby relocated to the Nashville suburb of Hendersonville, Tennessee. Monument's releases include a variety of genres, including rock and roll, country, jazz, and rhythm and blues.\nSony Music revived the Monument label in 2017 in a joint venture with manager Jason Owen and songwriter/producer Shane McAnally, both serving as co-presidents.", "Q82690": "Horb am Neckar is a town in the southwest of the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. It is located on the Neckar river, between Offenburg to the west (about 56 kilometres (35 mi) away) and T\u00fcbingen to the east (about 29 kilometres (18 mi) away). It has around 25,000 inhabitants, of whom about 6,000 live in the main town of Horb, and the remainder in 18 associated villages and districts which form part of the same municipality. If the entire municipality is counted, it is the largest town in the District of Freudenstadt.\nSince 1 January 1981 Horb am Neckar has had the status of a Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt, serving as a mid-sized center within the Northern Black Forest Region of the Karlsruhe Administrative Region. It also belongs to the \"Cooperative Zone\" of the Stuttgart Metropolitan Region. Horb am Neckar operates a combined administration with the neighbouring communities of Empfingen and Eutingen im G\u00e4u.", "Q4821416": "Augustus Frederick Goodridge (1839 \u2013 February 16, 1920) was a Newfoundland merchant and politician. He was premier of Newfoundland in 1894.", "Q1450912": "Fran\u00e7ois Blanc (French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa bl\u0251\u0303]; 12 December 1806 \u2013 27 July 1877), nicknamed \"The Magician of Homburg\" and \"The Magician of Monte Carlo\", was a French entrepreneur and operator of casinos, including the Monte Carlo Casino in Monaco. His daughter, Marie-F\u00e9lix, married Prince Roland Bonaparte and had issue.", "Q372535": "Jurica Pavi\u010di\u0107 (born 2 November 1965 in Split) is a Croatian writer, columnist and film critic.\nPavi\u010di\u0107's screenplay for Witnesses (Svjedoci), Vinko Bre\u0161an's 2003 film, won the Golden Arena for Best Screenplay in the 2003 Pula Film Festival. The screenplay, co-written with \u017divko Zalar, is based on Pavi\u010di\u0107's debut novel Alabaster Sheep (Ovce od gipsa).\nPavi\u010di\u0107 was, with Nenad Polimac, one of two Croatian film critics who participated in the British Film Institute's Sight & Sound Greatest Films of All Time poll in 2012.In 2014, Pavi\u010di\u0107 received the Croatian Journalists' Association's Journalist of the Year Award.In 2017, Pavi\u010di\u0107 has signed the Declaration on the Common Language of the Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks and Montenegrins.", "Q69157": "Peter Schreyer (born 1953) is a German automobile designer widely known for his design contributions to the Audi TT. He has been the chief design officer at Kia Motors since 2006 and on 28 December 2012, was named one of three presidents of the company.In 2006, Car Design News called the Audi TT one of \"the most influential automotive designs in recent time\".", "Q435357": "Anna Catharina Materna (n\u00e9e von der L\u00fche) (1731\u20131757) was a Danish actor and playwright. She belonged to the first pioneer-troupe of actors at the Royal Danish Theatre, and later became one of the first female playwrights to have her plays performed there.", "Q173687": "Bill Homeier (August 31, 1918 Rock Island, Texas \u2013 May 5, 2001 Houston, Texas) was an American racecar driver.\nHe drove in the AAA and USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1953\u20131955 and 1958\u20131960 seasons with 14 starts, including the 1954 and 1960 Indianapolis 500 races. He was a relief driver for Walt Faulkner in the 1955 Indianapolis 500 He finished in the top ten 5 times, with his best finish in 5th position, in 1959 at Sacramento. He holds a unique record from the 1954 Indianapolis 500; he finished in last place, but completed 74 laps, the most for a last place finisher.", "Q188353": "The Welsh (Welsh: Cymry) are a Celtic nation and ethnic group native to Wales. The term \"Welsh people\" applies to people from Wales (Welsh: Cymru) and people of Welsh ancestry perceiving themselves or being perceived as sharing a cultural heritage and shared ancestral origins. Wales is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. The majority of people living in Wales are British citizens.The Welsh language is taught in schools and protected in law. It remains the predominant language in parts of Wales, particularly in North Wales and parts of West Wales. English is the predominant language in South Wales and many Welsh people do not speak the language, although even in predominately English-speaking areas of Wales, many are fluent or semi-fluent in Welsh or, to varying degrees, capable of speaking or understanding Welsh at limited or conversational proficiency levels. Although the Welsh language and its ancestors have been spoken in what is now Wales since well before the Roman incursions into Britain, historian John Davies argues that the origin of the \"Welsh nation\" can be traced to the late 4th and early 5th centuries, following the end of Roman rule in Britain.In 2016, an analysis of the geography of Welsh surnames commissioned by the Welsh Government found that 718,000 people (nearly 35% of the Welsh population) have a family name of Welsh origin, compared with 5.3% in the rest of the United Kingdom, 4.7% in New Zealand, 4.1% in Australia, and 3.8% in the United States, with an estimated 16.3 million people in the countries studied having at least partial Welsh ancestry. Over 300,000 Welsh people live in London.", "Q3532722": "Ajit Jain (born 1951 in Orissa, India) is an Indian American executive who is the Vice Chairman of Insurance Operations for Berkshire Hathaway as of January 10, 2018. He was raised in India's coastal state of Orissa. Ajit Jain is an older cousin of Anshu Jain, who was the former Co-CEO of Deutsche Bank.", "Q66264": "Henryk Marcin Broder (born 20 August 1946, self-designation Henryk Modest Broder) is a Polish-born German journalist, author, and TV personality.\nBroder is known for polemics, columns, and comments in written and audiovisual media. He wrote for the magazine Der Spiegel, as well as its online version and the daily Berlin newspaper Der Tagesspiegel. Since 2010, he has been writing for Die Welt. He is co-editor of Der J\u00fcdische Kalender (The Jewish calendar), a compilation of quotes and texts relating to German Jewish culture, published annually. Besides his numerous publications, he appears as a frequent guest on German TV talk shows. In 2010 and 2011, he produced and starred, alongside Egyptian-German writer and political scientist Hamed Abdel-Samad, in the satirical TV series Entweder Broder \u2013 Die Deutschland-Safari (a wordplay on \"entweder/oder\", German for \"either/or\", \"Either Broder \u2013 The Germany Safari\") on ARD.\nBroder is especially interested in Vergangenheitsbew\u00e4ltigung, Islam, Israel, and the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict. He sees a close relationship between German criticism of Israel's policies and Antisemitism, a view criticized by, among others, the French-German columnist Alfred Grosser.\n\n", "Q838588": "The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (sometimes shortened to Jimmy Neutron or Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius) is an American computer animated television series created by Keith Alcorn and John A. Davis. It originally aired on Nickelodeon for three seasons beginning July 20, 2002, and the final episode aired on November 25, 2006. Following the 2001 film Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, the show follows a genius 11-year-old from Retroville, James Isaac \"Jimmy\" Neutron, as he goes on adventures with his best friends Carl Wheezer and Sheen Estevez. Throughout the show, various mishaps and conflicts occur on these adventures, as Jimmy's various inventions go awry. The series features voices of Debi Derryberry (Jimmy), Jeffrey Garcia (Sheen), and Rob Paulsen (Carl) for the three main characters.The series has been the recipient of various nominations such as Kid's Choice \"Favorite Cartoon\" in 2006 and 2007, and has won an Annie award for \"outstanding achievement in animated television production produced for children\" as well as a Motion Picture Sound Editors \"Golden Reel award\". A spin-off, Planet Sheen, aired from 2010 to 2013.", "Q39760": "The Gaza Strip (; Arabic: \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u200e Qi\u1e6d\u0101\u02bf \u0120azzah [q\u026a\u02c8t\u02e4\u0251\u02d0\u0295 \u02c8\u0263azza]), or simply Gaza, is a self-governing Palestinian territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, that borders Egypt on the southwest for 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) and Israel on the east and north along a 51 km (32 mi) border. Gaza and the West Bank are claimed by the de jure sovereign State of Palestine.\nThe territories of Gaza and the West Bank are separated from each other by Israeli territory. Both fell under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, but Gaza has since June 2007 been governed by Hamas, a Palestinian fundamentalist militant Islamic organization which came to power in free elections in 2006. It has been placed under an Israeli and U.S.-led international economic and political boycott from that time onwards.The territory is 41 kilometers (25 mi) long, and from 6 to 12 kilometers (3.7 to 7.5 mi) wide, with a total area of 365 square kilometers (141 sq mi). With around 1.85 million Palestinians on some 362 square kilometers, Gaza ranks as the 3rd most densely populated polity in the world. An extensive Israeli buffer zone within the Strip renders much land off-limits to Gaza's Palestinians. Gaza has an annual population growth rate of 2.91% (2014 est.), the 13th highest in the world, and is often referred to as overcrowded. The population is expected to increase to 2.1 million in 2020. By that time, Gaza may be rendered unliveable, if present trends continue. Due to the Israeli and Egyptian border closures and the Israeli sea and air blockade, the population is not free to leave or enter the Gaza Strip, nor allowed to freely import or export goods. Sunni Muslims make up the predominant part of the Palestinian population in the Gaza Strip.\nDespite the 2005 Israeli disengagement from Gaza, the United Nations, international human rights organisations, and the majority of governments and legal commentators consider the territory to be still occupied by Israel, supported by additional restrictions placed on Gaza by Egypt. Israel maintains direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza: it controls Gaza's air and maritime space, and six of Gaza's seven land crossings. It reserves the right to enter Gaza at will with its military and maintains a no-go buffer zone within the Gaza territory. Gaza is dependent on Israel for its water, electricity, telecommunications, and other utilities. The system of control imposed by Israel is described as an \"indirect occupation\". Some other legal scholars have disputed the idea that Israel still occupies Gaza. In addition, the extent of self-rule exercised in the Gaza Strip has led some to describe the territory as a de facto independent state.\nWhen Hamas won a majority in the 2006 Palestinian legislative election, the opposing political party Fatah refused to join the proposed coalition, until a short-lived unity government agreement was brokered by Saudi Arabia. When this collapsed under joint Israeli and United States pressure, the Palestinian Authority instituted a non-Hamas government in the West Bank while Hamas formed a government on its own in Gaza. Further economic sanctions were imposed by Israel and the European Quartet against Hamas. A brief civil war between the two Palestinian groups had broken out in Gaza when, apparently under a U.S.-backed plan, Fatah contested Hamas's administration. Hamas emerged the victor and expelled Fatah-allied officials and members of the PA's security apparatus from the Strip, and has remained the sole governing power in Gaza since that date.\n\n", "Q48199": "The S\u00e1mi people (; also spelled Sami or Saami) are an indigenous Finno-Ugric people inhabiting S\u00e1pmi, which today encompasses large northern parts of Norway, Sweden , Finland, and the Kola Peninsula within the Murmansk Oblast of Russia. The S\u00e1mi have historically been known in English as Lapps or Laplanders. S\u00e1mi ancestral lands are not well-defined. Their traditional languages are the S\u00e1mi languages which are classified as a branch of the Uralic language family. The terms \"Lapp\" and \"Lapland\" are regarded as offensive by some Sami people, who prefer the area's name in their own language, \"S\u00e1pmi\".Traditionally, the S\u00e1mi have pursued a variety of livelihoods, including coastal fishing, fur trapping, and sheep herding. Their best-known means of livelihood is semi-nomadic reindeer herding. Currently about 10% of the S\u00e1mi are connected to reindeer herding, providing them with meat, fur, and transportation. 2,800 S\u00e1mi people are actively involved in reindeer herding on a full-time basis in Norway. For traditional, environmental, cultural, and political reasons, reindeer herding is legally reserved for only S\u00e1mi people in some regions of the Nordic countries.", "Q172599": "Giacomo Taldegardo Francesco di Sales Saverio Pietro Leopardi (US: , Italian: [\u02c8d\u0292a\u02d0komo leo\u02c8pardi]; 29 June 1798 \u2013 14 June 1837) was an Italian philosopher, poet, essayist, and philologist. He is considered the greatest Italian poet of the nineteenth century and one of the most important figures in the literature of the world, as well as one of the principal of literary romanticism; his constant reflection on existence and on the human condition\u2014of sensuous and materialist inspiration\u2014has also earned him a reputation as a deep philosopher. He is widely seen as one of the most radical and challenging thinkers of the 19th century. Although he lived in a secluded town in the conservative Papal States, he came into contact with the main ideas of the Enlightenment, and through his own literary evolution, created a remarkable and renowned poetic work, related to the Romantic era. The strongly lyrical quality of his poetry made him a central figure on the European and international literary and cultural landscape.", "Q37995": "Yangon (pronunciation [j\u00e0\u0270\u0303\u0261\u00f2\u028a\u0270\u0303 mjo\u0330], lit. 'End of Strife'), also known as Rangoon, is the capital of the Yangon Region and the largest city of Myanmar (also known as Burma). Yangon served as the capital of Myanmar until 2006, when the military government relocated the administrative functions to the purpose-built city of Naypyidaw [n\u00e8pj\u00ecd\u0254\u0300] in central Myanmar. With over 7 million people, Yangon is Myanmar's most populous city and its most important commercial centre.\nYangon boasts the largest number of colonial-era buildings in Southeast Asia, and has a unique colonial-era urban core that is remarkably intact. The colonial-era commercial core is centered around the Sule Pagoda, which is reputed to be over 2,000 years old. The city is also home to the gilded Shwedagon Pagoda \u2013 Myanmar's most sacred Buddhist pagoda. The mausoleum of Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal Emperor is located in Yangon, where he had been exiled following the Indian Mutiny of 1857. \nYangon suffers from deeply inadequate infrastructure, especially compared to other major cities in Southeast Asia. Though many historic residential and commercial buildings have been renovated throughout central Yangon, most satellite towns that ring the city continue to be profoundly impoverished and lack basic infrastructure.", "Q113173": "Gennady Ivanovich Yanayev (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432; 26 August 1937 \u2013 24 September 2010) was a Soviet politician who served as the first and only Vice President of the Soviet Union. Yanayev's political career spanned the rules of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov and Chernenko, and culminated during the Gorbachev years. Yanayev was born in Perevoz, Gorky Oblast. After years in local politics, he rose to prominence as Chairman of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, but he also held other lesser posts such as deputy of the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries.\nDue to his chairmanship of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, in 1990 he gained a seat in the 28th Politburo and Secretary of the Central Committee. Later that year, on December 27, with the help of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yanayev was elected the first, and only, Vice President of the Soviet Union. Having growing doubts about where Gorbachev's reforms were leading, Yanayev started working with, and eventually formally leading, the Gang of Eight, the group which deposed Gorbachev during the August 1991 coup d'\u00e9tat attempt. After three days, the coup collapsed, in part due to Western backing of Boris Yeltsin, but during its brief grip of power Yanayev was made Acting President of the Soviet Union. He was then arrested for his role in the coup, but in 1994 he was pardoned by the State Duma. He spent the rest of his life working in the Russian tourism administration until his death on 24 September 2010.", "Q433726": "Michael Angelo Batio (; born February 23, 1956), also known as Mike Batio or MAB, is an American heavy metal guitarist and columnist from Chicago, Illinois. He was the lead guitarist for the Los Angeles-based glam metal band Nitro in the late 1980s and early 1990s.\nBatio's work has encompassed many genres, but he is best known for playing heavy metal and its subgenres such as neoclassical metal, and speed metal. Batio has an advanced knowledge of music theory, having a deep understanding of complex scale combinations and time signatures which assist him in his compositions. He is widely known for his technical mastery of the fretboard and his extremely fast picking and sweep picked arpeggios. He is also known for his showmanship during performances, particularly his use of the \"Over-Under\" technique, and for his ability to play a double and quad guitar, using both hands to play. Batio is also noted for his guitar instruction DVDs in the \"Speed Kills\" series which teach shred guitar techniques and how to \"master the art of playing lightning fast\". \nBatio was voted the \"No. 1 Fastest Guitar Shredder of All Time\" by Guitar One Magazine in 2003.", "Q29573": "Mildred Dresselhaus (n\u00e9e Spiewak; November 11, 1930 \u2013 February 20, 2017), known as the \"queen of carbon science\", was an American nanotechnologist. She was an Institute Professor and Professor Emerita of physics and electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dresselhaus won numerous awards including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the National Medal of Science, the Enrico Fermi Award and the Vannevar Bush Award.", "Q77369": "Karl Harrer (8 October 1890 \u2013 5 September 1926) was a German journalist and politician, one of the founding members of the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (German Workers' Party, DAP) in January 1919, the predecessor to the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party \u2013 NSDAP), more commonly known as the Nazi Party.", "Q1163685": "Robert Post (born Robert \u00d8ien Fylling, 1979 in Langev\u00e5g, Norway) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter. Post won two awards, Best Male Artist and Best Video, at Norway's equivalent of the Grammys, Spellemannprisen, in 2005 for his debut album. He has also toured with Aimee Mann, Rufus Wainwright, Ray Lamontagne, Texas, Natalie Imbruglia and Jason Mraz.\nPost debuted with a worldwide release of his eponymous debut album in August 2005. Record producer Mike Hedges oversaw the album, and they recorded it through the original EMI mixing desk used for Pink Floyd's The Dark Side Of The Moon. The album was \"Record of the Week\" on BBC Radio 2, while both singles, \"Got None\" and \"There's One Thing\", were A-listed. The album has sold 80,000 copies around the world.He was on the bill at Robert Redford's 'Sundance Film Festival 2006' in Park City, sharing the stage with Rufus Wainwright, Imogen Heap and The Weepies. Post has performed on the biggest music shows and talk shows on television in Italy, France and the United Kingdom, such as Taratata, Top of the Pops, Pimp My TV and BBC Breakfast TV.", "Q74660": "Peter Hussing (15 May 1948 \u2013 8 September 2012) was a West German heavyweight boxer. He won a bronze medal at the 1972 Olympics and placed fifth in 1976 and 1984; he missed the 1980 Moscow Games due to their boycott by West Germany.Hussing won four medals at the European championships in 1969\u20131979, missing the 1977 tournament again due to a boycott. Domestically he won a record of 16 titles in 1969\u201383 and 1985. He held a degree in architecture from the University of Siegen, and in retirement worked as a construction manager in his hometown of Brachbach.", "Q182118": "National Research University of Electronic Technology (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \"\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\" / \u041c\u0418\u042d\u0422, lit. National Research University \"Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology\") \u2013 is a Russian technical university in the field of microelectronics, information and computer technologies and one of 29 National Research Universities. University is founded in 1965 and located in Zelenograd, Moscow (the Soviet Union's center of electronic and microelectronic engineering). The university was often considered the center of the Soviet Silicon Valley.", "Q255820": "Draginja \"Draga\" Obrenovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u045a\u0430 \"\u0414\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\" \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; 11 September 1866 \u2013 11 June [O.S. 30 May] 1903), formerly Ma\u0161in (\u041c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d), was the Queen consort of King Aleksandar Obrenovi\u0107 of the Kingdom of Serbia. She was formerly a lady-in-waiting to Aleksandar's mother, Queen Natalija.", "Q64473": "Bonaduz (Romansh: Panaduz) is a municipality in the Imboden Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q440910": "Kendrick Kang-Joh Jeong (Korean: \uc815\uac15\uc870, Hanja: \u912d\u5eb7\u7956) (born July 13, 1969) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and physician. He is best known for playing Ben Chang on the sitcom Community and the drug lord Leslie Chow in The Hangover film series. He was the lead in the ABC sitcom Dr. Ken, of which he is also the creator and for which he was a writer and executive producer. Jeong is a licensed physician but has stopped practicing in favor of his acting career. He currently appears as a panelist on both the American and British versions of the singing competition show The Masked Singer.", "Q117315": "The Piano is a 1993 New Zealand period drama film about a psychologically mute young woman and her pre-adolescent daughter, set during the mid-19th century in a rainy, muddy frontier backwater town on the west coast of New Zealand. It also involves the woman's failing arranged marriage to a frontiersman. The Piano was written and directed by Jane Campion and stars Holly Hunter, Harvey Keitel, Sam Neill, and Anna Paquin in her first acting role. The film's score by Michael Nyman became a best-selling soundtrack album, and Hunter played her own piano pieces for the film. She also served as sign language teacher for Paquin, earning three screen credits. The film is an international co-production by Australian producer Jan Chapman with the French company Ciby 2000.\nThe Piano was a critical and commercial success, grossing US$140 million worldwide against its US$7 million budget. Hunter and Paquin both received high praise for their respective roles as Ada and Flora McGrath. In 1993, the film won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, making Jane Campion the first and only female director to ever receive this award. It won three Academy Awards out of eight total nominations in March 1994: Best Actress for Hunter, Best Supporting Actress for Paquin, and Best Original Screenplay for Campion. Paquin was 11 years old at the time and is the second youngest actor to win an Oscar in a competitive category.", "Q5371902": "A harpsichordist is a person who plays the harpsichord. Harpsichordists may play as soloists, as accompanists, as chamber musicians, or as members of an orchestra, or some combination of these roles. Solo harpsichordists may play unaccompanied sonatas for harpsichord or concertos accompanied by orchestra. Accompanist harpsichordists might accompany singers or instrumentalists (e.g., a violinist or Baroque flute player), either playing works written for a voice (or an instrument) and harpsichord or an orchestral reduction of the orchestra parts. Chamber musician harpsichordists could play in small groups of instrumentalists, such as a quartet or quintet. Baroque-style orchestras and opera pit orchestras typically have a harpsichordist to play the chords in the basso continuo part.", "Q234212": "Sarah Ellen Polley (born January 8, 1979) is a Canadian actress, writer, director, producer and political activist. Polley first garnered attention as a child actress for her role as Ramona Quimby in the television series Ramona, based on Beverly Cleary's books. Subsequently this led to her role as Sara Stanley in the Canadian television series Road to Avonlea (1990\u20131996). She has starred in many feature films, including Exotica (1994), The Sweet Hereafter (1997), Guinevere (1999), Go (1999), The Weight of Water (2000), My Life Without Me (2003), Dawn of the Dead (2004), Splice (2009), and Mr. Nobody (2009).\nPolley made her feature film directorial debut with Away from Her (2006), for which she won a Genie Award for Best Achievement in Direction and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Polley's second film, Take This Waltz (2011), premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival.Her first documentary film, Stories We Tell (2012), was awarded the $100,000 prize for best Canadian film of the year by the Toronto Film Critics Association. In 2017, Polley executive produced the film A Better Man (2017), and wrote the miniseries Alias Grace, based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Margaret Atwood, which Polley began adapting in 2012.", "Q993119": "Edward \"Bruno\" Carr (February 9, 1928 \u2013 October 25, 1993) was an American jazz drummer. Carr was a frequent collaborator with Ray Charles, and he recorded with Aretha Franklin. He was Herbie Mann's drummer from 1965 through 1969.Carr died of lung cancer in Denver, Colorado, at the age of 65.", "Q379460": "The Bear is a 1988 French adventure drama family film directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud and released by TriStar Pictures. Adapted from the novel The Grizzly King (1916) by American author James Oliver Curwood, the screenplay was written by G\u00e9rard Brach. Set in British Columbia, Canada, the film tells the story of a young orphaned bear cub who befriends an adult male grizzly as two trophy hunters pursue them through the wild.\nSeveral of the themes explored in the story include orphanhood, peril and protection, and mercy toward and on the behalf of a reformed hunter. Annaud and Brach began planning the story and production in 1981, although filming did not begin until six years later, due to the director's commitment to another project. The Bear was filmed almost entirely in the Italian and Austrian areas of the Dolomites, with live animals\u2014including Bart the Bear, a trained 9-foot tall Kodiak bear\u2014present on location. Notable for its almost complete lack of dialogue and its minimal score, the film was nominated for and won numerous international film awards.", "Q50926": "Zita of Bourbon-Parma (Zita Maria delle Grazie Adelgonda Micaela Raffaela Gabriella Giuseppina Antonia Luisa Agnese; 9 May 1892 \u2013 14 March 1989) was the wife of Charles, the last monarch of Austria-Hungary. As such, she was the last Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary, in addition to other titles.\nBorn as the seventeenth child of the dispossessed Robert I, Duke of Parma, and his second wife, Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal, Zita married the then Archduke Charles of Austria in 1911. Charles became heir presumptive to the Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria in 1914 after the assassination of his uncle Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, and acceded to the throne in 1916 after the old emperor's death.\nAfter the end of World War I in 1918, the Habsburgs were deposed and the empire became four independent countries, Austria, Hungary, and the newly formed Czechoslovakia and State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. Charles and Zita left for exile in Switzerland and were subsequently removed from Hungary by the Allies to Madeira, where Charles died in 1922. After her husband's death, Zita and her son Otto served as symbols of unity for the exiled dynasty. A devout Catholic, she raised a large family after being widowed at the age of 29, and never remarried.", "Q785404": "Torben Ulrich (born October 4, 1928) is a Danish writer, musician, filmmaker, painter, director, performer and former professional tennis player. He is the father of Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich.", "Q751133": "Dynasty: The Reunion is a 1991 American television miniseries that served as a reunion of the 1981\u20131989 prime time soap opera Dynasty which continues the story of the Carringtons, a wealthy family living in Denver, Colorado. Directed by Irving J. Moore, the four-hour miniseries was originally broadcast in two parts on ABC on October 20 and 22, 1991.", "Q39990": "Michael McMillian (born October 21, 1978) is an American actor and writer, known for his roles as Henry Gibson on What I Like About You, Steve Newlin on the HBO series True Blood, Owen on Hot in Cleveland and Tim in Crazy Ex-Girlfriend. McMillian is also the creator and writer of a comic book, Lucid.", "Q1753535": "The Royal College of Art (RCA) is a public research university in London, United Kingdom, with campuses in South Kensington, Battersea and White City. The only entirely postgraduate art and design university in the world,:118 it offers postgraduate degrees in art and design to students from over 60 countries. As of 2020, the RCA has placed first in the QS World University Rankings in the Art and Design subject area for six consecutive years, since the introduction of subject area rankings in 2014.", "Q180727": "John Milton Cage Jr. (September 5, 1912 \u2013 August 12, 1992) was an American composer, music theorist, artist, and philosopher. A pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde. Critics have lauded him as one of the most influential composers of the 20th century. He was also instrumental in the development of modern dance, mostly through his association with choreographer Merce Cunningham, who was also Cage's romantic partner for most of their lives.Cage is perhaps best known for his 1952 composition 4\u203233\u2033, which is performed in the absence of deliberate sound; musicians who present the work do nothing aside from being present for the duration specified by the title. The content of the composition is not \"four minutes and 33 seconds of silence,\" as is often assumed, but rather the sounds of the environment heard by the audience during performance. The work's challenge to assumed definitions about musicianship and musical experience made it a popular and controversial topic both in musicology and the broader aesthetics of art and performance. Cage was also a pioneer of the prepared piano (a piano with its sound altered by objects placed between or on its strings or hammers), for which he wrote numerous dance-related works and a few concert pieces. The best known of these is Sonatas and Interludes (1946\u201348).His teachers included Henry Cowell (1933) and Arnold Schoenberg (1933\u201335), both known for their radical innovations in music, but Cage's major influences lay in various East and South Asian cultures. Through his studies of Indian philosophy and Zen Buddhism in the late 1940s, Cage came to the idea of aleatoric or chance-controlled music, which he started composing in 1951. The I Ching, an ancient Chinese classic text decision-making tool, which uses chance operations to suggest answers to questions one may pose, became Cage's standard composition tool for the rest of his life. In a 1957 lecture, Experimental Music, he described music as \"a purposeless play\" which is \"an affirmation of life \u2013 not an attempt to bring order out of chaos nor to suggest improvements in creation, but simply a way of waking up to the very life we're living\".", "Q550281": "Alexei Andreyevich Polivanov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432) (March 16, 1855 \u2013 September 25, 1920) was a Russian military figure, infantry general (1915). He served as Russia's Minister of War from June 1915 until his Tsarina Alexandra forced his removal from office in March 1916.", "Q27576": "Wettingen is a residential community in the district of Baden in the Swiss canton of Aargau. With a population about 20,000, Wettingen is the second-largest municipality in the canton.", "Q227520": "36 China Town is a 2006 Indian Hindi-language mystery comedy film directed by Abbas-Mustan and produced by Subhash Ghai. It is an official adaption of the 1992 American film Once Upon a Crime (which in turn is a remake of the 1960 Italian film Crimen).\nThe film stars an ensemble cast of Akshaye Khanna, Shahid Kapoor, Kareena Kapoor, Vivek Shauq, Isha Koppikar, Upen Patel (in his film debut), Paresh Rawal, Payal Rohatgi, Johnny Lever and Tanaaz Currim (credited as Tanaaz Lal), while Priyanka Chopra and Tanushree Dutta make special appearances. The film follows the investigation of a police officer trying to find the killer of a wealthy casino owner, Sonia Chang.", "Q688652": "Littau is a former municipality, and now part of the city of Lucerne, in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010 the municipality of Littau merged into the municipality of Lucerne.", "Q278024": "Andy Vivian Palacio (2 December 1960 \u2013 19 January 2008) was a Belizean Punta musician and government official. He was also a leading activist for the Garifuna people and their culture.", "Q82860": "I briganti italiani (internationally released as The Italian Brigands and Seduction of the South) is a 1962 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Mario Camerini. It was shot in Cerreto Sannita.", "Q192": "David William Donald Cameron (born 9 October 1966) is a British Conservative Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Witney from 2001 to 2016 and leader of the Conservative Party from 2005 to 2016. He identifies as a one-nation conservative, and has been associated with both economically liberal and socially liberal policies.\nBorn in London to an upper-middle-class family, Cameron was educated at Heatherdown School, Eton College, and Brasenose College, Oxford. From 1988 to 1993 he worked at the Conservative Research Department, latterly assisting the Conservative Prime Minister John Major, before leaving politics to work for Carlton Communications in 1994. Becoming an MP in 2001, he served in the opposition shadow cabinet under Conservative leader Michael Howard, and succeeded Howard in 2005. Cameron sought to rebrand the Conservatives, embracing an increasingly socially liberal position. Following the 2010 general election, negotiations led to Cameron becoming Prime Minister as the head of a coalition government with the Liberal Democrats \u2013 the youngest holder of the office since the 1810s. His premiership was marked by the ongoing effects of the late-2000s financial crisis; these involved a large deficit in government finances that his government sought to reduce through austerity measures. His administration introduced large-scale changes to welfare, immigration policy, education, and healthcare. It privatised the Royal Mail and some other state assets, and legalised same-sex marriage in England and Wales.\nInternationally, his government intervened militarily in the Libyan Civil War and later authorised the bombing of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant; domestically, his government oversaw the referendum on voting reform and Scottish independence referendum, both of which confirmed Cameron's favoured outcome. When the Conservatives secured an unexpected majority in the 2015 general election he remained as Prime Minister, this time leading a Conservative-only government. To fulfil a manifesto pledge, he introduced a referendum on the UK's continuing membership of the EU. Cameron supported continued membership; following the success of the Leave vote, he resigned to make way for a new Prime Minister and was succeeded by Theresa May.Cameron has been praised for modernising the Conservative Party and for decreasing the United Kingdom's national deficit. However, he has been the target of criticism surrounding his decision to hold the referendum on Britain's membership of the EU which led to a period of political instability in the UK during the late 2010s. He has also been criticised by figures on both the left and right, and has been accused of elitism and political opportunism.", "Q68261": "Meilen is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q77341": "Hans Josef Maria Globke (10 September 1898 \u2013 13 February 1973) was a German lawyer, high-ranking civil servant and politician who was Under-Secretary of State and Chief of Staff of the German Chancellery in West Germany from 28 October 1953 to 15 October 1963. During World War II, Globke, a Ministerialdirigent in the Office for Jewish Affairs in the Ministry of the Interior, wrote a legal annotation on the anti-semitic Nuremberg Race Laws that did not express any objection to the discrimination against Jews, and placed the Nazi Party on a firmer legal ground, setting the path to The Holocaust. Globke later had a controversial career as Secretary of State and Chief of Staff of the West German Chancellery. In this role he was responsible for running the Chancellery, recommending the people who were appointed to roles in the government, coordinating the government's work, and for the establishment and oversight of the West German intelligence service and for all matters of national security.Globke became a powerful \u00e9minence grise of the West German government, and was widely regarded as one of most influential public officials in the government of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer. Globke had a major role in shaping the course and structure of the state and West Germany's alignment with the United States. He was also instrumental in West Germany's anti-communist policies at the domestic and international level and in the western intelligence community, and was the German government's main liaison with NATO and other western intelligence services, especially the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). During his lifetime, his role in the Nazi state was only partially known.", "Q716278": "Henrik Ruse, Baron of Rysensteen (n\u00e9 Henrik Ruse 9 April 1624 \u2013 22 February 1679) was a Dutch officer and fortification engineer. Following a period when he served in various armies in Germany and Italy, he wrote a well-researched book documenting the latest trends in fortification systems across Europe. As a result, he was entrusted with commissions for improving defences in his native Amsterdam, in Germany, and finally in Denmark and Norway where, benefitting from the support of the monarchy, he first became a general and later a baron. Ruse died in Sauwerd near Groningen in the Netherlands.", "Q2985012": "Eva Louise Rausing (7 March 1964 \u2013 c. 7 May 2012) was a businesswoman and philanthropist, and a member of the Rausing family, which owns the food packaging business Tetra Pak. She was the wife of Hans Kristian Rausing, whom she met in a rehab clinic in her native U.S., and with whom she had four children.\n\n", "Q57091": "Coinsins is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q296843": "Andrew James Clutterbuck (born 14 September 1973), better known by his stage name Andrew Lincoln, is an English actor. His first major role was as the character Egg in the BBC drama This Life (1996\u20131997). Lincoln later portrayed Simon Casey in the Channel 4 sitcom Teachers (2001\u20132003) and Mark in the Christmas-themed romantic comedy film Love Actually (2003). \nBeginning in 2010, Lincoln gained international fame for his portrayal of Rick Grimes, the lead character on the hit AMC post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead. For his portrayal of Rick Grimes, Lincoln won the Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television in 2015 and 2017, respectively. He departed the cast of The Walking Dead in 2018, but is set to reprise his role as Rick in a trilogy of The Walking Dead films that will be distributed by Universal Pictures.", "Q255808": "Maria Alekseyevna Ouspenskaya (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0423\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f; July 29, 1876 \u2013 December 3, 1949) was a Russian actress and acting teacher. She achieved success as a stage actress as a young woman in Russia, and as an elderly woman in Hollywood films.", "Q273171": "Emerson, Lake & Palmer (ELP) were an English progressive rock supergroup formed in London in 1970. The band consisted of keyboardist Keith Emerson; singer, bassist, guitarist and producer Greg Lake; and drummer and percussionist Carl Palmer. With nine RIAA-certified gold record albums in the US, and an estimated 48 million records sold worldwide, they were one of the most popular and commercially successful progressive rock bands in the 1970s, with a musical sound including adaptations of classical music with jazz and symphonic rock elements, dominated by Emerson's flamboyant use of the Hammond organ, Moog synthesizer, and piano (although Lake wrote several acoustic songs for the group).The band came to prominence following their performance at the Isle of Wight Festival in August 1970. In their first year, the group signed with E.G. Records (who distributed the band's records through Island Records in the United Kingdom, and Atlantic Records in North America), and released Emerson, Lake & Palmer (1970) and Tarkus (1971), both of which reached the UK top five. The band's success continued with Pictures at an Exhibition (1971), Trilogy (1972), and Brain Salad Surgery (1973, released on ELP's own Manticore Records label). After a three-year break, Emerson, Lake & Palmer released Works Volume 1 (1977) and Works Volume 2 (1977). After Love Beach (1978), the group disbanded in 1979.\nThe band reformed partially in the 1980s as Emerson, Lake & Powell featuring Cozy Powell in place of Palmer. Robert Berry then replaced Lake while Palmer returned, forming 3. In 1991, the original trio reformed and released two more albums, Black Moon (1992) and In the Hot Seat (1994), and toured at various times between 1992 and 1998. Their final performance took place in 2010 at the High Voltage Festival in London to commemorate the band's 40th anniversary. Both Emerson and Lake died in 2016, leaving Palmer as the only surviving member of the band.", "Q73127": "Dr. Mohamad Khir Bin Toyo (born 6 August 1965) was the former Dato' Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of the state of Selangor in Malaysia from 2000 to 2008. His Barisan Nasional (BN) government was defeated in the 2008 general election, following which he served as the state's Opposition Leader until December 2010. He has been a member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly since 1999, for the seat of Sungai Panjang. He faced charges of corruption after stepping down as Chief Minister, and was convicted of graft in the High Court on 23 December 2011.\n\n", "Q368545": "Luigi Romersa (Boretto, July 5, 1917 - died Rome, March 19, 2007) was an Italian journalist and writer who worked as a war correspondent during the Second World War. He probably was the only Italian to enter USA Army missile bases during the Cold War. He was a friend of Wernher von Braun. He was best known for his essays about World War II. He was married to Mary Kisselov.", "Q705562": "Raleb Majadele (Arabic: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u200e, Levantine Arabic: [\u02c8\u0263a\u02d0leb ma\u02c8\u0292a\u02d0dele]; Hebrew: \u05e8\u05d0\u05dc\u05d1 \u05de\u05d2'\u05d0\u05d3\u05dc\u05d4, [\u02c8\u0281\u00e4leb m\u00e4\u02c8d\u0361\u0292\u00e4dele]; also spelt Ghaleb Majadele, born 5 April 1953) is an Israeli Arab politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party in three spells between 2004 and 2015, and became the country's first Muslim minister when appointed Minister without Portfolio on 28 January 2007.", "Q96815": "Georg Baron von Manteuffel-Szoege (7 March 1889 \u2013 8 June 1962) was a German politician.", "Q224029": "Andr\u00e9 Maurois (French: [m\u0254\u0281wa]; born \u00c9mile Salomon Wilhelm Herzog; 26 July 1885 \u2013 9 October 1967) was a French author.", "Q265713": "Volkan Konak (born 27 February 1967) is a Turkish folk singer. His song \"Cerrahpa\u015fa\" was a great success and his album, Mora, released in 2006, was awarded a gold plaque by the Turkish recording producers association, M\u00dc-YAP.", "Q2294915": "Christopher Beeston (c. 1579 \u2013 c. 15 October 1638) was a successful actor and a powerful theatrical impresario in early 17th century London. He was associated with a number of playwrights, particularly Thomas Heywood.", "Q438883": "Viveca Sten (n\u00e9e Bergstedt, 18 June 1959, Stockholm) is a Swedish writer and lawyer. She has a law degree from Stockholm University and has an MBA from the Stockholm School of Economics. Previously, she worked at Scandinavian Airlines.", "Q815432": "Keio University (\u6176\u61c9\u7fa9\u587e\u5927\u5b66, Kei\u014d Gijuku Daigaku), abbreviated as Keio (\u6176\u61c9) or Keidai (\u6176\u5927), is a private university located in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It is known as the oldest institute of modern higher education in Japan. Founder Fukuzawa Yukichi originally established it as a school for Western studies in 1858 in Edo (now Tokyo). It has eleven campuses in Tokyo and Kanagawa. It has ten faculties: Letters, Economics, Law, Business and Commerce, Medicine, Science and Technology, Policy Management, Environment and Information Studies, Nursing and Medical Care, and Pharmacy.\nThe university has more than 350 student exchange programs with prestigious Institutions such as University of California, Brown University, University of Pennsylvania, Carnegie Mellon University, Dartmouth College, \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure (Paris) and Ecole Polytechnique. Moreover, Keio has 29 double degree programs with leading institutions such as Sciences Po, HEC Paris (both with the department of economics), University of Washington (Law School), and Mines ParisTech (Master, Sci.and Tech.)The university is one of the members of Top Global University Project, funded by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology . Besides, Keio University is one of the member universities of RU11 and APRU, and it is one of only two Japanese universities (alongside the University of Tokyo) to be a member of the World Economic Forum's Global University Leaders Forum.Its list of alumni and faculties includes three former prime ministers, two astronauts, six international honorary members of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a Wolf Prize winner. Meanwhile, Keio University produces the largest number of CEOs of companies listed with the first section of Tokyo Stock Exchange and ranks 9th (in the world) in top 100 Global Executives, according to Times Higher Education's \"Alma Master Index\".", "Q1387593": "Ernst Hjalmar Waloddi Weibull (18 June 1887 \u2013 12 October 1979) was a Swedish engineer, scientist, and mathematician.\nWeibull came from a family that had strong ties to Scania. He was a cousin of the historian brothers Lauritz, Carl Gustaf and Curt Weibull.\nHe joined the Swedish Coast Guard in 1904 as a midshipman. Weibull moved up the ranks with promotion to sublieutenant in 1907, Captain in 1916 and Major in 1940. While in the coast guard he took courses at the Royal Institute of Technology. In 1924 he graduated and became a full professor. Weibull obtained his doctorate from the University of Uppsala in 1932. He was employed in Swedish and German industry as a consulting engineer.\nIn 1914, while on expeditions to the Mediterranean, the Caribbean and the Pacific Ocean on the research ship Albatross, Weibull wrote his first paper on the propagation of explosive waves. He developed the technique of using explosive charges to determine the type of ocean bottom sediments and their thickness. The same technique is still used today in offshore oil exploration.\nIn 1939 he published his paper on the Weibull distribution in probability theory and statistics. In 1941 he received a personal research professorship in Technical Physics at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm from the arms producer Bofors.Weibull published many papers on strength of materials, fatigue, rupture in solids, bearings, and of course, the Weibull distribution, as well as one book on fatigue analysis in 1961. 27 of these papers were reports to the US Air Force at Wilbur Wright Field on Weibull analysis.\nIn 1951 he presented his paper on the Weibull distribution to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), using seven case studies.\nThe American Society of Mechanical Engineers awarded Weibull their gold medal in 1972. The Great Gold Medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences was personally presented to him by King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden in 1978.Weibull died on 12 October 1979 in Annecy, France.", "Q65023": "Tatjana Patitz (born 25 May 1966) is a German model and actress who achieved international prominence in the 1980s and 1990s representing fashion designers on runways and in magazines such as Elle, Harper's Bazaar, and Vogue. Patitz is one of the \"big five\" supermodels who appeared in the 1990 music video \"Freedom! '90\" by George Michael, and is associated with the editorial, advertising, and fine-art works of photographers Herb Ritts and Peter Lindbergh.In his 2015 book Models of Influence: 50 Women Who Reset The Course of Fashion, Nigel Barker reflected on Patitz's modeling career during the height of the supermodel era in the 1980s and 1990s, writing that Patitz possessed an exoticism and broad emotional range that set her apart from her peers. In her 2012 memoir, creative director of Vogue Grace Coddington regarded Patitz as one of the original supermodels and a must in photographs and on the catwalk. Harper's Bazaar wrote, \"Indeed, Patitz's features almost confuse. Like Garbo or the Mona Lisa, the inexplicable gifts of line and luminescence defy definition.\" Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour stated that Patitz had always been one of her favorite models. Patitz's work bridged the eras of the exhibitionist 1980s and the minimalist 1990s in an enduring way, as Barker concluded, \"The most lasting images of her are when she was really looking like herself.\"Today, Patitz is an avid horsewoman who continues her lifelong passion for animals and the environment by campaigning for ecological causes and animal rights. Her self-described eclectic and bohemian design aesthetic for residential architecture and home design in her adoptive home state of California has been recognized internationally.", "Q2622688": "Mikhail Nikolayevich Zadornov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432, Miha\u00edl Nikol\u00e1jevi\u010d Zad\u00f3rnov; July 21, 1948 in J\u016brmala, Latvian SSR, USSR \u2013 November 10, 2017 in Moscow, Russia) was a Soviet and Russian stand-up comedian and writer. Zadornov was born into an artistic family, his father Nikolai Zadornov being a notable writer from Riga. Zadornov\u2019s mother, Elena Matusevich (1909-1992), came from an old noble family, which can trace its roots to the Polish king Stephen Bathory.As a child, Zadornov listened to his father reading him works of literature before he went to sleep, such as classic writings of adventure and suspense, and poems. Zadornov's parents wanted their son to become an engineer, so he went to an engineering institute. Mikhail Zadornov graduated from Moscow Aviation Institute. However, in the early 1980s he started a career as a humorist, and later mockingly remembered his engineering days.", "Q667495": "Thomas Blake Glover (6 June 1838 \u2013 16 December 1911) was a Scottish merchant in the Bakumatsu and Meiji period in Japan.\n\n", "Q9960": "Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911 \u2013 June 5, 2004) was an American politician who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989 and became a highly influential voice of modern conservatism. Prior to his presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and union leader before serving as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 to 1975.\nReagan was raised in a low-income family in small towns of northern Illinois. He graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and worked as a sports commentator on several regional radio stations. After moving to California in 1937, he found work as an actor and starred in a few major productions. Reagan was twice elected president of the Screen Actors Guild\u2014the labor union for actors\u2014where he worked to root out communist influence. In the 1950s, he moved into television and was a motivational speaker at General Electric factories, during which time he became a conservative. Reagan was a Democrat until 1962 when he switched to the Republican Party. In 1964, Reagan's speech \"A Time for Choosing\" supported Barry Goldwater's foundering presidential campaign and earned him national attention as a new conservative spokesman. Building a network of supporters, Reagan was elected governor of California in 1966. As governor, Reagan raised taxes, turned a state budget deficit to a surplus, challenged the protesters at the University of California, ordered in National Guard troops during a period of protest movements in 1969, and was re-elected in 1970. He twice ran unsuccessfully for the Republican presidential nomination, in 1968 and 1976.\nIn 1980, Reagan won the Republican presidential nomination and defeated the incumbent president, Jimmy Carter. At 69 years, 349 days of age at the time of his first inauguration, Reagan was the oldest person to assume the U.S. presidency, a distinction he held until 2017, when Donald Trump was inaugurated at age 70 years, 220 days. Reagan faced former vice president Walter Mondale when he ran for re-election in 1984 and defeated him, winning the most electoral votes of any U.S. president, 525, or 97.6% of the 538 votes in the Electoral College. It was the second-most lopsided presidential election in modern U.S. history after Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1936 victory over Alfred M. Landon, in which he won 98.5%, or 523, of the (then-total) 531 electoral votes.Soon after taking office as president, Reagan began implementing sweeping new political and economic initiatives. His supply-side economic policies, dubbed \"Reaganomics\", advocated tax rate reduction to spur economic growth, economic deregulation, and reduction in government spending. In his first term, he survived an assassination attempt, spurred the War on Drugs, invaded Grenada, and fought public sector labor unions. Over his two terms, the economy saw a reduction of inflation from 12.5% to 4.4% and an average real GDP annual growth of 3.4%. Reagan enacted cuts in domestic discretionary spending, cut taxes, and increased military spending, which contributed to increased federal debt overall. Foreign affairs dominated his second term, including the bombing of Libya, the Iran\u2013Iraq War, the Iran\u2013Contra affair, and the ongoing Cold War. In June 1987, four years after he publicly described the Soviet Union as an \"evil empire\", Reagan challenged Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev to \"tear down this wall!\", during a speech at the Brandenburg Gate. He transitioned Cold War policy from d\u00e9tente to rollback by escalating an arms race with the USSR while engaging in talks with Gorbachev. The talks culminated in the INF Treaty, which shrank both countries' nuclear arsenals. Reagan began his presidency during the decline of the Soviet Union, which ultimately collapsed nearly three years after he left office.\nWhen Reagan left office in 1989, he held an approval rating of 68%, matching those of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and later Bill Clinton, as the highest ratings for departing presidents in the modern era. He was the first president since Dwight D. Eisenhower to serve two full terms after the five prior presidents did not. Although he had planned an active post-presidency, Reagan disclosed in November 1994 that he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease earlier that year. Afterward, his informal public appearances became more infrequent as the disease progressed. He died at home on June 5, 2004. His tenure constituted a realignment toward conservative policies in the United States, and he is an icon among conservatives. Evaluations of his presidency among historians and the general public place him among the upper tier of American presidents.", "Q4408431": "Saratov State Academy of Law (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f) - one of the largest legal scientific and educational institutions of Russia.", "Q22368": "Chen Shui-bian (Chinese: \u9673\u6c34\u6241; pinyin: Ch\u00e9n Shu\u01d0bi\u01cen; Pe\u030dh-\u014de-j\u012b: T\u00e2n Ch\u00fai-p\u00ed\u207f; born October 12, 1950) is a retired Taiwanese politician and lawyer who served as President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) from 2000 to 2008. Chen is the first president from the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) which ended the Kuomintang's (KMT) 55 years of continuous rule in Taiwan. He is colloquially referred to as A-Bian (\u963f\u6241, \u963f\u6241\u4ed4; \u0100bi\u01cen; A-p\u00ed\u207f-\u00e0).\nA lawyer, Chen entered politics in 1980 during the Kaohsiung Incident as a member of the Tangwai movement and was elected to the Taipei City Council in 1981. He was jailed in 1985 for libel as the editor of the weekly pro-democracy magazine Neo-Formosa, following publication of an article critical of Elmer Fung, a college philosophy professor who was later elected a Kuomintang legislator. After being released, Chen helped found the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in 1986 and was elected a member of the Legislative Yuan in 1989, and Mayor of Taipei in 1994.\nChen won the 2000 presidential election on March 18 with 39% of the vote as a result of a split of factions within the Kuomintang, when James Soong ran for the presidency as an independent against the party nominee Lien Chan, becoming the first non-member of the Kuomintang to hold the office of president. Although Chen received high approval ratings during the first few weeks of his term, his popularity sharply dropped due to alleged corruption within his administration and the inability to pass legislation against the opposition KMT, who controlled the Legislative Yuan. In 2004, he won reelection by a narrow margin after surviving a shooting while campaigning the day before the election. Opponents suspected him of staging the incident for political purposes. However, the case was officially closed in 2005 with all evidence pointing to a single deceased suspect, Chen Yi-hsiung.\nIn 2009, Chen and his wife Wu Shu-chen were convicted on two bribery charges. Chen was sentenced to 19 years in Taipei Prison, reduced from a life sentence on appeal, but was granted medical parole on January 5, 2015. Since then, Chen has been de facto released, but he is still prohibited from public speaking under the guise of \"undergoing medical treatment.\" Chen's supporters have insisted that his trial and sentencing was politically-motivated retribution by the Kuomintang for his years in power.", "Q107648": "Dr. Fritz Wittmann (21 March 1933 \u2013 17 October 2018) was a German politician (CSU) and lawyer.\nWittmann was born in Plan bei Marienbad (Czech: Plan\u00e1 u Mari\u00e1nsk\u00fdch L\u00e1zn\u00ed) in Czechoslovakia's Egerland. He was a member of the German Parliament (first elected in 1971), where he represented Munich North, and president of the Federation of Expellees (Bund der Vertriebenen) from 1994\u20131998. He was succeeded as president of the federation by Erika Steinbach (CDU).\nHe was a colonel in the reserve and recipient of the Badge of Honour of the Bundeswehr in Gold.", "Q2065798": "Peacock Records was an American record label, started in 1949 by Don Robey in Houston, Texas, United States.", "Q78714": "Baron Carl von Rokitansky (German: Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky, Czech: Karel Rokytansk\u00fd) (19 February 1804 \u2013 23 July 1878), was a Bohemian physician, pathologist, humanist philosopher and liberal politician.\n\n", "Q313849": "Benjamin Robert \"Ben\" Moody (born January 22, 1981) is an American musician, singer, composer, record producer, and actor. He is best known as co-founder, lead guitarist, and co-songwriter of rock band Evanescence from its inception in 1995 to his departure in October 2003. Since leaving Evanescence, Moody has collaborated with an array of performers vocally, instrumentally, and as a writer. He is currently a member of The Halo Method and We Are the Fallen.", "Q231424": "Elizabeth M. Gilbert (born July 18, 1969) is an American author. She is best known for her 2006 memoir, Eat, Pray, Love, which as of December 2010 had spent 199 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list, and which was also made into a film by the same name in 2010.", "Q955764": "The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) is a public research university in Chicago, Illinois. Its campus is in the Near West Side community area, adjacent to the Chicago Loop. The second campus established under the University of Illinois system, UIC is also the largest university in the Chicago area, having more than 33,000 students enrolled in 16 colleges.\nUIC competes in NCAA Division I Horizon League as the UIC Flames in sports. The Credit Union 1 Arena (formerly UIC Pavilion) is the Flames' venue for home games.", "Q114152": "Christopher Buchholz (born 4 February 1962) is a German actor. He has appeared in more than fifty films since 1986. He is the son of actors Horst Buchholz and Myriam Bru. Buchholz created a documentary about his father's life, titled Horst Buchholz \u2026 mein Papa.", "Q332887": "Brendan Rendall Bracken, 1st Viscount Bracken, PC (15 February 1901 \u2013 8 August 1958) was an Irish-born businessman and a minister in the British Conservative cabinet. He is best remembered for opposing the Bank of England's co-operation with Adolf Hitler, and for subsequently supporting Winston Churchill during the Second World War. He was also the founder of the modern version of the Financial Times. He was Minister of Information from 1941 to 1945.", "Q69619": "Huttwil is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the Swiss canton of Bern.", "Q4730670": "Allan Haines Lockheed (January 20, 1889 \u2013 May 26, 1969), born Allan Haines Loughead, was an American aviation pioneer and engineer. He formed the Alco Hydro-Aeroplane Company along with his brother, Malcolm Loughead, that became Lockheed Corporation.Loughead legally changed his name to Allan Lockheed in 1934. He went on to form two other aircraft manufacturing companies in the 1930s. Both were unsuccessful. After World War II, he continued his career as a real estate salesman while occasionally serving as an aviation consultant. Allan Lockheed kept an informal relationship with the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation until his death in 1969 in Tucson, Arizona.", "Q935090": "London Records (or London Recordings) is a British record label that marketed records in the United States, Canada, and Latin America for Decca Records from 1947 to 1979 before becoming semi-independent.", "Q1948256": "Le Mormont is a hill in the Swiss canton of Vaud, rising to an elevation of 605 metres, with a prominence of about 115 metres. It is part of the \u00c9cl\u00e9pens municipality. The name is first recorded in AD 814, as Mauromonte. It is derived from the Roman-era personal name Maurus.Le Mormont is about halfway between lakes Neuchatel and Geneva, forming a watershed between the Rhine and the Rhone basins, separating the Venoge and the Orbe valleys to the south and north, respectively. The mountain is topographically connected to the Jura Mountains to the west. East of Le Mormont runs the Entreroches gorge (460 m), through which the Canal d\u2019Entreroches was dug in the 17th century, enabling water transportation between the Rhone and the Rhine rivers. The canal ceased to be profitable in the 18th century, and when a bridge across the canal collapsed in 1829, it was shut down altogether.\nThe course of the historical canal is now traversed by a railway tunnel of the Lausanne-Yverdon line.\nLe Mormont has been substantially mined for chalk used in cement production.\nIt was planned to extend the mining pit to the hill's summit in 2006 to 2009; because of this, the cantonal archaeological office of Vaud performed a watching brief excavation, which led to the discovery of a late La T\u00e8ne period (c. 100 BC) Helvetic cult site.\nThe site was reported as being of unprecedented size and richness for the period. A total of 250 pits containing sacrificial deposits were recorded. Among the deposited goods were ceramic and bronze vessels, iron tools, jewelry, grinding stones, coins, and both animal and human remains.\nIt is unclear whether the human remains represent a cemetery or evidence of human sacrifice.\nThe site is of primary importance for Gaulish religion on the eve of the Roman conquest.\nBecause of the importance of the archaeological site, the mining operation has been put on hold until a more detailed archaeological excavation scheduled for 2014/15.", "Q293091": "Magda Konopka (born 1943) is a Polish model and actress. She was born in Warsaw.In December 1967 she married Franco-Canadian billionaire Jean-Louis Dessy in Chelsea, London. Separated after three months of marriage.", "Q124085": "Johann Heinrich M\u00fcntz (1727\u20131798) was an Alsatian-Swiss painter and architect, known when working in England as John Henry Muntz. He was in England for seven years, and at the heart of a group trying to adapt the rococo to architecture and interior design. He has been seen as a pioneer of the Gothic Revival.", "Q267676": "Audra Ann McDonald (born July 3, 1970) is an American actress and singer. Primarily known for her work on the Broadway stage, she has won six Tony Awards, more performance wins than any other actor, and is the only person to win all four acting categories. She has performed in musicals, operas, and dramas such as A Moon for the Misbegotten, 110 in the Shade, Carousel, Ragtime, Master Class and Porgy and Bess.\nAs a classical soprano, she has performed in staged operas with the Houston Grand Opera and the Los Angeles Opera and in concerts with symphony orchestras like the Berlin Philharmonic and New York Philharmonic. In 2008 her recording of Kurt Weill's Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny with the Los Angeles Opera won the Grammy Award for Best Classical Album and the Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording. She has a close working relationship with composer Michael John LaChiusa who has written several works for her, including the Broadway musical Marie Christine, the opera Send (who are you? i love you), and The Seven Deadly Sins: A Song Cycle. With her full lyric soprano voice, she maintains an active concert and recording career throughout the United States performing a wide repertoire from classical to musical theater to jazz and popular songs. In 2016, McDonald was awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Barack Obama. In 2017 she was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.On television, McDonald portrayed Dr. Naomi Bennett as a main cast member of Shonda Rhimes's ABC television drama Private Practice from 2007\u20132011. She also portrayed the character of Liz Lawrence in Season 4 of The Good Wife, a role that she reprises as a main cast member in the spinoff series The Good Fight. In 2013 she performed the role of Mother Superior in The Sound of Music Live! opposite Carrie Underwood as Maria. She has twice been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her portrayals of Susie Monahan in Wit opposite Emma Thompson in 2001 and for her performance of Ruth Younger in A Raisin in the Sun in 2008. In 2016 she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance in Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill for HBO in which McDonald portrayed jazz legend Billie Holiday. She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program in 2015 for her work hosting the program Live from Lincoln Center.\nOn film she is best known for her portrayals of Maureen in Ricki and the Flash (2015) opposite Meryl Streep and Madame de Garderobe in the 2017 film version of Disney's Beauty and the Beast. She has been nominated five times for the NAACP Image Awards for her work in television and film.", "Q259940": "Val\u00e9rie Lemercier (French pronunciation: \u200b[vale\u0281i l\u0259m\u025b\u0281sje]; born 9 March 1964) is a French actress, screenwriter, director and singer.", "Q903536": "Bread was an American soft rock band from Los Angeles, California. They had 13 songs chart on the Billboard Hot 100 between 1970 and 1977.\nThe band consisted of David Gates (vocals, bass guitar, guitar, keyboards, violin, viola, percussion), Jimmy Griffin (vocals, guitar, keyboards, percussion) and Robb Royer (bass guitar, guitar, flute, keyboards, percussion, recorder, backing vocals). On their first album session musicians Ron Edgar played drums and Jim Gordon played drums, percussion, and piano. Mike Botts became their permanent drummer when he joined in the summer of 1969, and Larry Knechtel replaced Royer in 1971, playing keyboards, bass guitar, guitar, and harmonica.", "Q2096604": "Sharif University of Technology (SUT), Persian: D\u0101ne\u015dg\u0101he Sannatiye \u015carif\u200e is a public research university in Tehran, Iran and is widely considered to be the nation's leading institution for engineering and physical science disciplines. The international campus of the university is located in Kish Island, Persian Gulf.\nEstablished in 1966 under the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, it was formerly named the Aryamehr University of Technology (Persian: \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0631\u200e, romanized: D\u0101ne\u015dg\u0101he Sannatiye \u0100ry\u0101mehr) and for a short period after the 1979 revolution, the university was called Tehran University of Technology. Following the revolution, the university was named after Majid Sharif Vaghefi, who was one of the People's Mujahedin of Iran group's leaders who was killed by the members of a splinter group (later renamed to Peykar Organization) who had recently converted from Islam to Marxism and were adamant to forcefully change the Mujahedin's organization's ideology to Marxism.\nToday, the university provides both undergraduate and graduate programs in 15 main departments. The student body consists of about 6,000 undergraduate students and 4,700 graduate students from all the 30 provinces of Iran. Funding for Sharif University is provided by the government and through private funding. Undergraduate admission to Sharif is limited to the top 800 of the 500,000 students who pass the national entrance examination administered annually by the Iranian Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.In the 2013 Academic Ranking of World Universities Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences rankings, SUT is ranked 5th in the Middle East. It is in the top 251\u2013275 universities in the world and 37th in Asia in the 2014 Times Higher Education World University Rankings. In the 2014 Times Higher Education top 100 for newer universities (less than 50 years old), SUT ranked 1st in the Middle East, 6th in Asia, and 27th in the world.Founded in 1966, SUT was established to train and supply part of the required expert human resources of the country on an equal level to credible universities of the world. Compared with other worldwide universities, it is a young and growing pioneer in both basic and applied sciences. The main aims of SUT are: (1) to create an organization where students can be instructed in both theoretical and applied sciences, with special emphasis on the particular needs of Islamic society; (2) to teach students the advanced knowledge and techniques required to participate in the fields of engineering and technology and to cultivate them into creative engineers, good scientists, and innovative technologists; and (3) to educate engineers who are ready to be employed, who contribute significantly to their jobs, and who have a strong sense of public responsibility and a desire to continue to learn. The emphasis is placed on the promotion of multidisciplinary research at the graduate and doctoral levels. Based on that, SUT provides a scientific and dynamic environment for those who are trying to gain knowledge. In other words, SUT is a place for those who are trying to understand and comprehend scientific realities and facts, and are trying to convey those to others.", "Q152113": "Prosper Montagn\u00e9 (pronounced [p\u0281\u0254sp\u025b\u0281 m\u0254\u0303ta\u0272e]; 14 November 1865 \u2013 22 April 1948) was a French chef and author of many books and articles on food, cooking, and gastronomy, notably the Larousse Gastronomique.\nMontagn\u00e9 was born in Carcassonne, Aude. Upon leaving the Lyc\u00e9e de Carcassonne, he wished to become an architect, but this proved impossible. His father acquired l'Hotel des Quatre-Saisons in Toulouse, with his son as a chef \u2013 the beginning of an illustrious career.\nHe apprenticed at the Grand H\u00f4tel of Paris and the Hotel d'Angleterre of Cauterets, then worked at various restaurants in Paris and San Remo, and the H\u00f4tel de Paris of Monte Carlo. In 1900, he returned to Paris and was chef of the Pavillon d'Armenonville, the Pavillon Ledoyen, and finally the Grand Hotel where he stayed for 10 years. Later, he had his own restaurant, the Montagn\u00e9, and was a consultant to La Reine P\u00e9dauque.\nHe wrote many books on cooking, including Le grand livre de cuisine\u2014considered his masterpiece, La grande cuisine illustr\u00e9e, and Larousse Gastronomique with Prosper Salles; Bonne ch\u00e8re, pas ch\u00e8re, La cuisine di\u00e9tique, Les d\u00e9lices de la table, Le livres des cuisines militaires, Mon menu, and Le festin occitan. He also contributed to many newspapers and magazines, and was editor in chief of the Revue culinaire.\n\nThe Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica writes of him:After Car\u00eame, the two men who probably had the greatest impact on French gastronomy and that of the world at large were Prosper Montagn\u00e9 and Georges-Auguste Escoffier. Montagn\u00e9 was one of the great French chefs of all time, and he achieved a secure place in gastronomic history by creating Larousse Gastronomique (1938), the basic encyclopaedia of French gastronomy. As a young man..., he came to the conclusion that all pi\u00e8ces mont\u00e9es, as well as superfluous garnitures and decorations, should be discarded.\nHe lends his name to the Club Prosper Montagn\u00e9, a trade association of French food professionals.\nMontagn\u00e9 was a Knight of the L\u00e9gion d'Honneur.", "Q2832900": "Alex Berger (born (1962-03-22)March 22, 1962) is a producer, creator, consultant and entrepreneur in the media field. During his professional life, he created or participated in numerous, films Ast\u00e9rix: Mission Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre, TV shows (Rapido, Burger Quiz...), digital (invented the multi-access portal for Vivendi-Vodafone) and founded or accelerated the growth of several companies (NBdC, Chez Wam, Canal+, TOP-The Oligarchs Productions...) by holding various key positions such as senior Vice President and head of strategy to Pierre Lescure at Canal+ , CEO of CanalNumedia, co-CEO at VivendiNet (Groupe Vivendi-Universal), President of MM&I (consulting) as co-founder, President and CEO of TOG-The Oligarchs Group and TOP-The Oligarchs Productions.", "Q186424": "Detective fiction is a subgenre of crime fiction and mystery fiction in which an investigator or a detective\u2014either professional, amateur or retired\u2014investigates a crime, often murder. The detective genre began around the same time as speculative fiction and other genre fiction in the mid-nineteenth century and has remained extremely popular, particularly in novels. Some of the most famous heroes of detective fiction include C. Auguste Dupin, Sherlock Holmes, and Hercule Poirot. Juvenile stories featuring The Hardy Boys, Nancy Drew, and The Boxcar Children have also remained in print for several decades.", "Q2553963": "Benjamin Huntsman (4 June 1704 \u2013 20 June 1776) was an English inventor and manufacturer of cast or crucible steel.", "Q188409": "Yevgeny Vasilyevich Shevchuk (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0435\u0432\u0447\u0443\u0301\u043a, tr. Yevgeniy Vasilyevich Shevchuk, Ukrainian: \u0404\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0435\u0432\u0447\u0443\u0301\u043a, tr. Yevhen Vasylovych Shevchuk, Moldovan Cyrillic: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u0428\u0435\u0432\u0447\u0443\u043a, Romanian: Evgheni Vasilievici \u0218evciuk; born 19 June 1968) was the 2nd President of the internationally unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic, better known as Transnistria. He was a deputy to the Supreme Soviet of Transnistria from 2000 until his election as president in 2011. Furthermore, he was speaker of Pridnestrovian Supreme Soviet from 2005 to 2009, and the leader of the opposition party Renewal until 2010. Shevchuk is an ethnic Ukrainian and a citizen of both Transnistria and Russia.", "Q261207": "Elia Maria Gonz\u00e1lez-\u00c1lvarez y L\u00f3pez-Chicheri, also known as Lil\u00ed \u00c1lvarez (Spanish pronunciation: [li\u02c8li \u02c8al\u03b2a\u027ee\u03b8]; 9 May 1905 \u2013 8 July 1998), was a Spanish multi-sport competitor, an international tennis champion, an author, feminist and a journalist.\n\n", "Q691471": "Dmytro Pavlychko (Ukrainian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e; born September 28, 1929) is a Ukrainian poet, translator, scriptwriter, culturologist, political and public figure.", "Q3470539": "Samuel B. Register (born June 16, 1969) is an American television producer and businessman. He is the president of Warner Bros. Animation and Warner Digital Series.\nFormerly Vice President of Cartoon Network, Register was the brain behind CartoonNetwork.com, which was started in 1998. After creating CartoonNetwork.com, Register came up with the idea of Cartoon Orbit in 2000. He was the creative director of Cartoon Orbit during 2000 and 2001. Register had his head start at directing toy commercials, before he moved over to Cartoon Network.\nHe was the creator of Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi and The Looney Tunes Show, and served as executive producer of Teen Titans and Ben 10. He also served as executive producer for Transformers: Animated, based on the popular Transformers franchise, and Ben 10: Alien Force. He is also a co-producer on the anime version of The Powerpuff Girls, entitled Demashita! Powerpuff Girls Z. He then became the executive producer of Teen Titans Go! Mike Tyson Mysteries and Unikitty!.\nThe fictional character Dr. Samuel Register (from the Teen Titans comics) was named after Sam Register.", "Q551835": "Physician writers are physicians who write creatively in fields outside their practice of medicine.\nThe following is a partial list of physician-writers by historic epoch or century in which the author was born, arranged in alphabetical order.", "Q71042": "Jesko Albert Eugen von Puttkamer (2 July 1855 in Berlin \u2013 23 January 1917 in Berlin) was a German colonial military chief, and nine times governor of Kamerun:\n\n13 May 1887 \u2013 4 October 1887\n14 August 1890 \u2013 2 December 1890\n31 December 1894 \u2013 27 March 1895\n5 May 1895 \u2013 26 October 1895\n11 September 1897 \u2013 12 January 1898\n14 October 1898 \u2013 17 January 1900\n16 November 1900 \u2013 3 February 1902\n2 October 1902 \u2013 9 May 1904\n31 January 1905 \u2013 January 1906.He has left a splendid residential manor in Buea, Cameroon.", "Q259798": "Nicole Frances Parker (born February 21, 1978) is an American actress, comedian, writer, and singer. She is best known for her work on Fox's sketch comedy show Mad TV (2003\u20132009, 2016). In July 2009, she concluded her run as Elphaba in the Broadway production of Wicked, a role that she reprised on tour across North America. Since 2017, Parker has voiced Penelope Pitstop in the Wacky Races animated series. She has also appeared in the parody films Meet the Spartans (2008) and Disaster Movie (2008).", "Q5196": "Grozny (Russian: \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439, IPA: [\u02c8grozn\u0268j]; Chechen: \u0421\u043e\u044c\u043b\u0436\u0430-\u0413\u04c0\u0430\u043b\u0430, romanized: S\u00f6l\u01b6a-\u0120ala) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2010 Census, it had a population of 271,573; up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 Census, but still only about two-thirds of 399,688 recorded in the 1989 Census. It was previously known as Groznaya (until 1870).", "Q266568": "Heather Anne Mills (born 12 January 1968) is an English former model, media personality, businesswoman and activist.\nMills came to public attention when she was a model in 1993 and was involved in a traffic collision with a police motorcycle in London. The accident resulted in the amputation of her left leg below the knee, but she continued to model by using a prosthetic limb and later sold her story to the tabloid News of the World.\nHer relationship with Sir Paul McCartney brought further public attention in 2000. They married in June 2002 and Mills gave birth to Beatrice Milly McCartney on 28 October 2003. The couple separated in 2006 and finalised their divorce in 2008.\nAfter her marriage to McCartney, Mills became involved in animal rights advocacy and as of 2012 is a patron of Viva! (Vegetarians' International Voice for Animals) and the Vegetarian and Vegan Foundation. She is also vice-president of the Limbless Association.", "Q61251": "Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart (24 March 1739 \u2013 10 October 1791), was a German poet, organist, composer, and journalist. He was repeatedly punished for his social-critical writing and spent ten years in severe conditions in jail.", "Q27204": "Live and Let Die is a 1973 spy film; it is the eighth film in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions and the first to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It was directed by Guy Hamilton and produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman. Although the producers had wanted Sean Connery to return after his role in the previous Bond film Diamonds Are Forever, he declined, sparking a search for a new actor to play Bond; Moore was signed for the lead role.\nThe film is based on Ian Fleming's novel of the same name. The storyline involves a Harlem drug lord known as Mr. Big who plans to distribute two tons of heroin for free to put rival drug barons out of business and then become a monopoly supplier. Mr. Big is revealed to be the alter ego of Dr. Kananga, a corrupt Caribbean dictator, who rules San Monique, a fictional island where opium poppies are secretly farmed. Bond is investigating the deaths of three British agents, leading him to Kananga, and he is soon trapped in a world of gangsters and voodoo as he fights to put a stop to the drug baron's scheme.\nLive and Let Die was released during the height of the blaxploitation era, and many blaxploitation archetypes and clich\u00e9s are depicted in the film, including derogatory racial epithets (\"honky\"), black gangsters, and pimpmobiles. It departs from the former plots of the James Bond films about megalomaniac super-villains, and instead focuses on drug trafficking, a common theme of blaxploitation films of the period. It is set in African American cultural centres such as Harlem and New Orleans, as well as the Caribbean Islands. It was also the first James Bond film featuring an African American Bond girl romantically involved with 007, Rosie Carver, who was played by Gloria Hendry. The film was a box office success and received generally positive reviews from critics. It was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Live and Let Die\", written by Paul and Linda McCartney and performed by their band Wings.", "Q7109936": "The Ottoman Military College or Imperial Military Staff College or Ottoman Army War College (Ottoman Turkish: Mekteb-i Erk\u00e2n-\u0131 Harbiyye-i \u015e\u00e2h\u00e2ne or Erk\u00e2n-\u0131 Harbiye Mektebi), was a two-year military staff college of the Ottoman Empire. It was located in Istanbul. Its mission was to educate staff officers for the Ottoman Army.", "Q449908": "Elmer Figueroa Arce (born June 28, 1968), better known under the stage name Chayanne, is a Puerto Rican Latin pop singer and actor. As a solo artist, Chayanne has released 21 solo albums and sold over 15 million albums worldwide.Chayanne participated in two Puerto Rican telenovelas broadcast by the well-known WAPA-TV television station as for the 80s. These were Sombras del Pasado with Daniel Lugo and Alba Nydia D\u00edaz and Tormento with Daniel Lugo and Yazmin Pereira.", "Q316925": "Francis Fulton-Smith (born 25 April 1966) is a British-German television actor.", "Q429024": "Pamela Bach (born Pamela Ann Weissenbach; October 16, 1963), also known as Pamela Bach-Hasselhoff, is an American actress.", "Q350970": "Jeff Burr (born 1963, in Aurora, Ohio) is an American film director, writer, and producer best known for his work in horror sequels, such as Stepfather II, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III, Puppet Master 4 and 5, and Pumpkinhead II.", "Q651133": "National University of Uzbekistan (NUUz) (Uzbek: Mirzo Ulugbek nomidagi O'zbekiston Milliy Universiteti, O'zMU) is a public university located in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. NUUz is the oldest and largest university in Uzbekistan.National University of Uzbekistan is named after Mirzo Ulugbek. NUUz professors and teaching staff work with modern materials and science and have relationships with the world's distinguished scientific schools.", "Q116751": "George David Aiken (August 20, 1892 \u2013 November 19, 1984) was an American politician and horticulturist. A member of the Republican Party, he was the 64th Governor of Vermont (1937\u20131941) before serving in the United States Senate for 34 years, from 1941 to 1975. At the time of his retirement, he was the senior member of the Senate.\nAs Governor, Aiken battled the New Deal over its programs for hydroelectric power and flood control in Vermont. As a Northeastern Republican in the Senate, he was one of four Republican cosponsors of the Full Employment Act of 1946. Aiken sponsored the food allotment bill of 1945, which was a forerunner of the food stamp program. He promoted federal aid to education, and sought to establish a minimum wage of 65 cents in 1947. Aiken was an isolationist in 1941 but supported the Truman Doctrine in 1947 and the Marshall Plan in 1948. \nIn the 1960s and 1970s, he steered a middle course on the Vietnam War, opposing Lyndon Johnson's escalation and supporting Richard Nixon's slow withdrawal policies. Aiken was a strong supporter of the small farmer. As acting chairman of the Senate agriculture committee in 1947, he opposed high rigid price supports. He had to compromise, however, and the Hope-Aiken act of 1948 introduced a sliding scale of price supports. In 1950, Aiken was one of seven Republican senators who denounced in writing the tactics of Senator Joseph McCarthy, warning against those who sought \"victory through the selfish political exploitation of fear, bigotry, ignorance and intolerance.\"", "Q978184": "James Richard Gammon (April 20, 1940 \u2013 July 16, 2010) was an American actor, known for playing grizzled \"good ol' boy\" types in numerous films and television series.\nGammon is best known as Lou Brown, the manager in the movies Major League and Major League II, which portrayed a fictitious version of the Cleveland Indians.", "Q983450": "Siddhartha Mukherjee (born 21 July 1970) is an Indian-American physician, biologist, oncologist, and author. He is best known for his 2010 book, The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer that won notable literary prizes including the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction, and Guardian First Book Award, among others. The book was listed in the \"All-Time 100 Nonfiction Books\" (the 100 most influential books of the last century) by Time magazine in 2011. His 2016 book The Gene: An Intimate History made it to #1 on The New York Times Best Seller list, and was among The New York Times 100 best books of 2016, and a finalist for the Wellcome Trust Prize and the Royal Society Prize for Science Books.\nAfter completing school education in India, Mukherjee studied biology at Stanford University, obtained a D.Phil. from University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, and an M.D. from Harvard University. He joined NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital / Columbia University Medical Center in New York City in 2009. As of 2018, he is an Associate Professor of Medicine in the Division of Hematology and Oncology.Featured in the Time 100 list of most influential people, Mukherjee writes for The New Yorker and is a columnist in The New York Times. He is described as part of a select group of doctor-writers (such as Oliver Sacks and Atul Gawande) who have \"transformed the public discourse on human health\", and allowed a generation of readers a rare and intimate glimpse into the life of science and medicine. His research concerns the physiology of cancer cells, immunological therapy for blood cancers, and the discovery of bone- and cartilage-forming stem cells in the vertebrate skeleton.The Government of India conferred him its fourth highest civilian award, the Padma Shri, in 2014.", "Q421478": "Aksel Ivanovich Berg (Russian: \u0410\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0433; 10 November [O.S. 29 October] 1893 \u2013 9 July 1979) was a Soviet scientist and Navy Admiral (in Engineering). He was a key figure in the introduction of cybernetics to the Soviet Union.\n\n", "Q888277": "Robert Alexander Baron Schutzmann von Schutzmansdorff (6 May 1924 \u2013 19 January 2015) was an Austrian-born British inventor and television presenter. He was known as Bob Symes, and sometimes credited-as Robert Symes-Shutzmann or Bob Symes-Shutzmann.", "Q705210": "Ars\u00e8ne Houssaye (28 March 1815 \u2013 26 February 1896) was a French novelist, poet and man of letters.", "Q215586": "Emil Moritz Rathenau (11 December 1838 \u2013 20 June 1915) was a German entrepreneur, industrialist, mechanical engineer. He was a leading figure in the early European electrical industry.", "Q629088": "Calabasas () is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located in the hills west of the San Fernando Valley and in the northwest Santa Monica Mountains between Woodland Hills, Agoura Hills, West Hills, Hidden Hills, and Malibu, California. The Leonis Adobe, an adobe structure in Old Town Calabasas, dates from 1844 and is one of the oldest surviving buildings in greater Los Angeles. The city was formally incorporated in 1991. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 23,058, up from 20,033 at the 2000 census.", "Q25413": "Link\u00f6ping (Swedish: [\u02c8l\u026a\u0302n\u02d0\u02cc\u0255\u00f8\u02d0p\u026a\u014b] (listen)) is a city in southern Sweden, with 161,499 inhabitants as of 2019. It is the 5th largest city in Sweden. It is the seat of Link\u00f6ping Municipality and the capital of \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland County. Link\u00f6ping is also the episcopal see of the Diocese of Link\u00f6ping (Church of Sweden) and is well known for its cathedral. \nLink\u00f6ping is the center of an old cultural region and celebrated its 700th anniversary in 1987. Dominating the city's skyline from afar is the steeple of the cathedral, Domkyrka.\nNowadays, Link\u00f6ping is known for its university and its high-technology industry. Link\u00f6ping wants to create a sustainable development of the city and therefore plans to become a carbon-neutral community by 2025. Located on the \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland Plain, Link\u00f6ping is closely linked to Norrk\u00f6ping, roughly 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the east, near the sea.\n\n", "Q182642": "John Herschel Glenn Jr. (July 18, 1921 \u2013 December 8, 2016) was a United States Marine Corps aviator, engineer, astronaut, businessman, and politician. He was the first American to orbit the Earth, circling it three times in 1962. Following his retirement from NASA, he served from 1974 to 1999 as a Democratic United States senator from Ohio, and, in 1998, flew into space again at age 77.\nBefore joining NASA, Glenn was a distinguished fighter pilot in World War II, China and Korea. He shot down three MiG-15s, and was awarded six Distinguished Flying Crosses and eighteen Air Medals. In 1957, he made the first supersonic transcontinental flight across the United States. His on-board camera took the first continuous, panoramic photograph of the United States.\nHe was one of the Mercury Seven, military test pilots selected in 1959 by NASA as the nation's first astronauts. On February 20, 1962, Glenn flew the Friendship 7 mission, becoming the first American to orbit the Earth, and the fifth person and third American in space. He received the NASA Distinguished Service Medal in 1962, the Congressional Space Medal of Honor in 1978, was inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1990, and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2012.\nGlenn resigned from NASA in January 1964. A member of the Democratic Party, Glenn was first elected to the Senate in 1974 and served for 24 years, until January 1999. In 1998, while still a sitting senator, Glenn flew on Space Shuttle Discovery's STS-95 mission, making him, at age 77, the oldest person to fly in space and the only person to fly in both the Mercury and the Space Shuttle programs. Glenn, both the oldest and the last surviving member of the Mercury Seven, died at the age of 95 in 2016. He is survived by his wife Annie Glenn, an advocate for people with disabilities and communication disorders.\n\n", "Q2000666": "Woodlawn Cemetery is one of the largest cemeteries in New York City and a designated National Historic Landmark. Located in Woodlawn, Bronx, New York City, it has the character of a rural cemetery. Woodlawn Cemetery opened during the Civil War in 1863, in what was then southern Westchester County, in an area that was annexed to New York City in 1874. It is notable in part as the final resting place of some great American figures, such as authors Countee Cullen, Nellie Bly, and Herman Melville, musicians Irving Berlin, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington, W. C. Handy, and Max Roach, husband and wife magicians Alexander Herrmann and Adelaide Herrmann, along with businessmen such as shipping magnate Archibald Gracie and department store founder, Rowland Hussey Macy.", "Q159720": "Thomas Gerard Tancredo (; born December 20, 1945) is an American politician from Colorado, who represented the state's sixth congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2009 as a Republican. He ran for President of the United States during the 2008 election, and was the Constitution Party's unsuccessful nominee for Governor of Colorado in 2010.\nTancredo was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 1976 and served two terms. After working in the United States Department of Education during the Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush administrations, he was elected to the United States Congress, and served five terms. He decided to not seek re-election in 2008, instead running a presidential campaign, centered on the issues of illegal immigration and terrorism. He dropped out of the race in December 2007 to assist former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney in his campaign for the nomination.\nTancredo announced on July 26, 2010, that he planned to change parties and run for Governor of Colorado on the American Constitution Party ticket. He received 617,030 votes (36.7%), coming in second place, well ahead of the Republican Party nominee, who got about 11% of the vote.\nTancredo ran for governor in 2014, this time as a Republican, because of his opposition to Colorado governor John Hickenlooper's refusal to execute convicted murderer Nathan Dunlap, and because of Hickenlooper's attempts to pass gun control legislation. Tancredo competed for the Republican Party's nomination with Bob Beauprez, Steve House, Greg Brophy, Mike Kopp, and Scott Gessler. Tancredo lost the primary to Beauprez. He once again left the Republican Party in 2015, becoming an independent. Tancredo again ran as a Republican for governor in 2018, but withdrew from the race.\n\n", "Q235130": "Kita (\u5317\u533a, Kita-ku) is a special ward located in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. The English translation of its Japanese self-designation is City of Kita. The ward was founded on March 15, 1947.\nAs of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 340,287, and a population density of 16,510 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 20.61 km\u00b2.", "Q3508496": "Kiyoshi Ijichi (\u4f0a\u5730\u77e5 \u6f54, Ijichi Kiyoshi) (born September 25, 1977) is the drummer of the Japanese rock band Asian Kung-Fu Generation. Ijichi credits the origin of his drumming ability to playing in marching bands in junior high.\nHe met fellow band members Masafumi Got\u014d, Kensuke Kita, and Takahiro Yamada while attending Kanto Gakuin University in 1996. Unlike the others, Ijichi had prior band experience and was a member of another college band when approached by the three. After parting ways with his old band, Ijichi joined Got\u014d, Kita, and Yamada to form Asian Kung-Fu Generation and the four have been together ever since.Aside from drumming, Ijichi is a skilled pianist and can be heard playing an excerpt of \"Claire de Lune\" from Debussy's Suite bergamasque for the intro of \"Moonlight.\" He has a degree in engineering and his favourite bands are Brian Setzer, Link, King Bee and Hi-Standard. In comparison to his bandmates, Ijichi is fairly indifferent towards British alternative rock, instead preferring American and Japanese punk rock. He is the only member of the group who listens to heavy metal. Kiyoshi is a part of a small number of Japanese Christians.\nHe also plays drums in the band Phono Tones.", "Q111980": "Banharn Silpa-archa (also spelled Banhan, Silapa-, Sinlapa-, -acha; Thai: \u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e28\u0e34\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e32, RTGS: Banhan Sinlapa-a-cha, Thai pronunciation: [ban.h\u01ce\u02d0n s\u01d0n.l\u00e1.p\u00e0.\u0294a\u02d0.t\u0361\u0255\u02b0a\u02d0]; 19 August 1932 \u2013 23 April 2016) was a Thai politician. He was the Prime Minister of Thailand from 1995 to 1996. Banharn made a fortune in the construction business before he became a Member of Parliament representing his home province of Suphan Buri. He held different cabinet posts in several governments. In 1994, he became the leader of the Thai Nation Party. In 2008, the party was dissolved by the Constitutional Court and Banharn was banned from politics for five years.", "Q2975487": "Clara Gaymard n\u00e9e Lejeune (born 27 January 1960 in Paris) is a French businesswoman, official and author. She co-founded RAISE, an investment fund and philanthropic group which promotes entrepreneurial growth. She was the president of GE France from 2006 to 2016 and vice-president of GE International from 2009 to 2016.", "Q146600": "The Arab Kingdom of Syria (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u200e, al-Mamlakah al-\u2018Arab\u012byah as-S\u016br\u012byah) was a self-proclaimed, unrecognized state that began as a \"fully and absolutely independent... Arab constitutional government\" announced on 5 October 1918 with the permission of the British military, gained de facto independence as an \"Emirate\" after the withdrawal of the British forces from OETA East on 26 November 1919, and was proclaimed as a Kingdom on 8 March 1920.\nAs a \"Kingdom\" it existed only a little over four months, from 8 March to 25 July 1920. During its brief existence, the kingdom was led by Sharif Hussein bin Ali's son Faisal bin Hussein. Despite its claims to the territory of Greater Syria, Faisal's government controlled a limited area and was dependent on Britain which, along with France, generally opposed the idea of a Greater Syria and refused to recognize the kingdom. The kingdom surrendered to French forces on 25 July 1920.", "Q562541": "Ola Brunkert (15 September 1946 \u2013 16 March 2008) was a Swedish drummer who was one of the main session drummers for the pop group ABBA. Brunkert and bassist Rutger Gunnarsson are the only two side musicians to appear on every ABBA album.\nBorn in \u00d6rebro, Sweden, Brunkert played with Slim's Blues Gang, before joining the pop group Science Poption. He then formed the jazz-rock combo Opus III with the guitarist Janne Schaffer and by 1970 had become one of the most sought after session drummers in Stockholm.\nHe was not among the four members of ABBA whose faces adorned the album covers, but was a key supporting musician for the group as it achieved stardom. Brunkert played on the group's first single \"People Need Love\", their Eurovision hit \"Waterloo\", and consistently on a great many of their recordings throughout the 1970s. ABBA promised that \"one day we\u2019re gonna let you hear him sing\" in the liner notes for the album Arrival in 1976. His last recording session with the group was in October 1981, recording their hit single \"One of Us\".\nHe appeared on stage with ABBA at the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 and played with them on their concert tours of Europe and Australia in 1977, North America and Europe in 1979 and Japan in 1980.\nAs reported in The Times of 18 March 2008, he bought a property in the Betlem housing complex in Art\u00e0, Majorca, Spain, in the 1980s and lived there for the remainder of his life. It was at his home that he died, less than a year after the death of his wife, Inger, in 2007.\nBrunkert died after an accidental fall at the age of 61. He was found with cuts on his neck, causing initial suspicion as to his death. Brunkert had hit his head against a glass door in his dining room, shattering the glass and cutting himself in the neck. He had managed to wrap a towel around his neck and leave the house to seek help, but collapsed in the garden.", "Q233541": "Lisa Nicole Lopes (May 27, 1971 \u2013 April 25, 2002), better known by her stage name Left Eye, was an American rapper, singer, music producer, and dancer. Lopes was a member of the R&B girl group TLC, alongside Tionne \"T-Boz\" Watkins and Rozonda \"Chilli\" Thomas. Besides rapping and singing background vocals on TLC recordings, Lopes was one of the creative forces behind the group. She received more co-writing credits than the other members. She also designed the outfits and staging for the group and contributed to the group's image, album titles, artworks, and music videos. Through her work with TLC, Lopes won four Grammy Awards.During her brief solo career, Lopes scored two US top 10 singles with \"Not Tonight\" and \"U Know What's Up\", as well as one UK number-one single with \"Never Be the Same Again\", the latter a collaboration with Melanie C of the British girl group Spice Girls. She also produced another girl group, Blaque, who scored a platinum album and two US top 10 hits. Lopes remains the only member of TLC to have released a solo album.\nOn April 25, 2002, Lopes was killed in a car crash while organizing charity work in Honduras. She swerved off the road to avoid hitting another vehicle, and was thrown from her car. She was working on a documentary at the time of her death, which was released as The Last Days of Left Eye and aired on VH1 in May 2007.\n\n", "Q983336": "Sir Howard Stringer (born 19 February 1942) is a British-American businessman. He served as chairman of the board, chairman, president and CEO of Sony Corporation. He is also the head of the board of trustees of the American Film Institute and now serves as a non-executive director of the BBC.", "Q1152464": "Joe English (born February 7, 1949) is an American musician, vocalist and songwriter who, during the 1970s, played drums in Paul McCartney's band Wings and in the Southern progressive rock/jazz group Sea Level, among others.", "Q1758474": "The University of Parma (Italian: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Parma, UNIPR) is a university in Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is organised in nine departments. As of 2016 the University of Parma has about 26,000 students.", "Q382188": "Paul Heyman (born September 11, 1965) is an American entertainment producer, writer, performer, marketer, promoter, professional wrestling manager, and commentator. He is currently signed to WWE, appearing on the Raw brand, and has a backstage role as the executive director of Monday Night Raw. He has shunned the label of \"manager\" for decades, preferring the term \"advocate\" or \"agent\".Heyman owned and was the creative force behind the Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) promotion from 1993 until its closure in 2001. Before running and owning ECW, he was a manager under the ring name Paul E. Dangerously in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and other promotions. He is the co-owner of the Looking4Larry Agency in New York City, and was personally named one of Advertising Age's Top 100 Global Marketers.\nIn WWE, Heyman has advocated for five WWE Champions: Brock Lesnar, Big Show, Kurt Angle, Rob Van Dam, and CM Punk. Critics have praised his abilities at advocating and on the microphone. Heyman has also competed sporadically in matches, including the WWE Championship main event of the 2002 Rebellion pay-per-view.", "Q670843": "Harriet Chalmers Adams (October 22, 1875 \u2013 July 17, 1937) was an American explorer, writer and photographer. She traveled extensively in South America, Asia and the South Pacific in the early 20th century, and published accounts of her journeys in the National Geographic magazine. She lectured frequently on her travels and illustrated her talks with color slides and movies.", "Q271772": "Monica Maria Raymund (born July 26, 1986) is an American actress known for her roles as Maria \"Ria\" Torres in the Fox crime drama Lie to Me (2009\u20132011), Dana Lodge in the CBS legal drama The Good Wife (2011\u20132012) and Gabriela Dawson in the NBC drama Chicago Fire (2012\u20132019).", "Q180733": "A lute ( or ) is any plucked string instrument with a neck (either fretted or unfretted) and a deep round back enclosing a hollow cavity, usually with a sound hole or opening in the body. More specifically, the term \"lute\" can refer to an instrument from the family of European lutes. The term also refers generally to any string instrument having the strings running in a plane parallel to the sound table (in the Hornbostel\u2013Sachs system). The strings are attached to pegs or posts at the end of the neck, which have some type of turning mechanism to enable the player to tighten the tension on the string or loosen the tension before playing (which respectively raise or lower the pitch of a string), so that each string is tuned to a specific pitch (or note). The lute is plucked or strummed with one hand while the other hand \"frets\" (presses down) the strings on the neck's fingerboard. By pressing the strings on different places of the fingerboard, the player can shorten or lengthen the part of the string that is vibrating, thus producing higher or lower pitches (notes).\nThe European lute and the modern Near-Eastern oud descend from a common ancestor via diverging evolutionary paths. The lute is used in a great variety of instrumental music from the Medieval to the late Baroque eras and was the most important instrument for secular music in the Renaissance. During the Baroque music era, the lute was used as one of the instruments which played the basso continuo accompaniment parts. It is also an accompanying instrument in vocal works. The lute player either improvises (\"realizes\") a chordal accompaniment based on the figured bass part, or plays a written-out accompaniment (both music notation and tablature (\"tab\") are used for lute). As a small instrument, the lute produces a relatively quiet sound. The player of a lute is called a lutenist, lutanist or lutist, and a maker of lutes (or any similar string instrument, or violin family instruments) is referred to as a luthier.", "Q16967": "Zhejiang (\u6d59\u6c5f, alternately romanized as Chekiang), is an eastern, coastal province of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Hangzhou. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu and Shanghai to the north, Anhui to the northwest, Jiangxi to the west, and Fujian to the south. To the east is the East China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. The population of Zhejiang stands at 57 million, the 10th highest among China. Other notable cities include Ningbo and Wenzhou. It has been called 'the backbone of China' due to being a major driving force in the Chinese economy and being the birthplace of several notable persons, including the Chinese Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek and entrepreneur Jack Ma.\nThe area of Zhejiang was controlled by the Kingdom of Yue during the Spring and Autumn period. The Qin Empire later annexed it in 222 BC. Under the late Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty that followed it, Zhejiang's ports became important centers of international trade. It was occupied by the Empire of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese war and placed under the control of the Japanese puppet state known as the Reorganized National Government of China. After Japan's defeat, Zhejiang's economy became stagnant under Mao Zedong's policies.Nevertheless, after China's economic reform, Zhejiang has grown to be considered one of China's wealthiest provinces, ranking fourth in GDP nationally and fifth by GDP per capita, with a nominal GDP of CN\uffe55.62 trilion (US$849 billion) as of 2018. Zhejiang's economy is based on electromechanical industries, textiles, chemical industries, food, and construction materials.\nZhejiang consists mostly of hills, which account for about 70% of its total area, with higher altitudes towards the south and the west. Zhejiang has China's longest coastline. The Qiantang River runs through the province, from which it derives its name. Included in the province are three thousand islands, the most in China. The capital Hangzhou marks the end of the Grand Canal, and lies on Hangzhou Bay on the north of Zhejiang, which separates Shanghai and Ningbo. The bay contains many small islands collectively called the Zhoushan Islands.\nHangzhou is a historically important city of China, and is considered a World City with a \"Beta+\" classification according to GaWC. It includes the notable West Lake. Various varieties of Chinese are spoken in Zhejiang, the most prominent being Wu Chinese.", "Q1985556": "Robert James Byrd (July 1, 1930 \u2013 July 27, 1990), known by the stage name Bobby Day, was an American rock and roll and R&B singer, multi instrumentalist, music producer and songwriter. He is best known for his hit record \"Rockin' Robin\", written by Jimmie Thomas.", "Q39984": "Cannes (; French: [kan]; Occitan: Canas) is a city located on the French Riviera. It is a commune located in the Alpes-Maritimes department, and host city of the annual Cannes Film Festival, Midem, and Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. The city is known for its association with the rich and famous, its luxury hotels and restaurants, and for several conferences. On 3 November 2011 it hosted the 2011 G20 summit.", "Q2627082": "Bombay State was a large Indian state created at the time of India's Independence, with other regions being added to it in the succeeding years. Bombay Presidency (roughly equating to the present-day Indian state of Maharashtra, excluding South Maharashtra and Vidarbha) was merged with the princely states of the Baroda, Western India, and Gujarat (the present-day Indian state of Gujarat) and Deccan States (which included parts of the present-day Indian states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. \nOn 1 November 1956, Bombay State was re-organized under the States Reorganisation Act on linguistic lines, absorbing various territories including the Saurashtra and Kutch States, which ceased to exist. On 1 May 1960, Bombay State was dissolved and split on linguistic lines into the two states of Gujarat, with Gujarati speaking population and Maharashtra, with Marathi speaking population.", "Q112251": "Alfred Gr\u00fcnwald (16 February 1884 in Vienna \u2013 24 February 1951 in New York City) was an Austrian author, librettist, and lyricist. Some of his better-known works were written in conjunction with the composers Franz Leh\u00e1r, Emmerich K\u00e1lm\u00e1n, Oscar Straus, Paul Abraham, and Robert Stolz.\nAfter the Anschluss the family emigrated to the United States in 1940 via France. During World War II he was employed for a time with the Office of War Information translating American songs for transmission by radio to Germany.\nAlfred Gr\u00fcnwald worked for a theatrical agency before turning to libretto writing. A number of Gr\u00fcnwald's librettos were produced on Broadway. These included Countess Maritza (1926), The Yankee Princess (1922), The Circus Princess (1927), and The Duchess of Chicago (1929). He also wrote a number of comedies, including Dancing Partner (1930), written in collaboration with Alexander Engel and produced on Broadway by David Belasco. Besides writing over 40 operetta librettos, Alfred Gr\u00fcnwald also wrote non-musical plays, short stories, and newspaper articles, and was the theater critic for the Neue Wiener Journal. He was a member of the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers.\nHis son Henry Grunwald was a journalist and diplomat (US ambassador to Austria from 1988 to 1990).\n\n", "Q550295": "The Alliance of Independents, Ring of Independents, or National Ring of Independents, (German: Landesring der Unabh\u00e4ngigen (LdU), French: Alliance des Ind\u00e9pendants (AdI), Italian: Anello degli Indipendenti) was a social liberal political party in Switzerland that existed between 1936 and 1999.", "Q4068640": "Dr. Alexei Georgievich Arbatov, PhD (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, born January 17, 1951) is a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Head of the Center for International Security at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), and a scholar in residence at the Carnegie Moscow Center. He is a Russian political scientist, academic, author, and former politician.\nBorn in Russia, Arbatov graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), and completed graduate and post-graduate studies at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) and MGIMO. He has spent nearly 40 years in the academic and scientific communities, and also served for over a decade in Russia's parliament. He is one of Russia's foremost experts in the fields of international relations, foreign and military policy, international security, and arms control and disarmament.", "Q228607": "Nicole Fran\u00e7oise Florence Dreyfus (born 27 April 1932), known professionally as Anouk Aim\u00e9e (French pronunciation: \u200b[anuk \u025bme]) or Anouk, is a French film actress, who has appeared in 70 films since 1947, having begun her film career at age 14. In her early years she studied acting and dance besides her regular education. Although the majority of her films were French, she also made a number of films in Spain, Great Britain, Italy and Germany, along with some American productions.\nAmong her films are Federico Fellini's La Dolce Vita (1960), after which she was considered a \"rising star who exploded\" onto the film world. She subsequently acted in Fellini's 8\u00bd (1963), Jacques Demy's Lola (1961), George Cukor's Justine (1969), Bernardo Bertolucci's Tragedy of a Ridiculous Man (1981) and Robert Altman's Pr\u00eat \u00e0 Porter (1994). She won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her acting in A Man and a Woman (1966). The film \"virtually reignited the lush on-screen romance in an era of skeptical modernism,\" and brought her international fame.She won the Award for Best Actress at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival for Marco Bellocchio's film A Leap in the Dark. In 2002 she received an honorary C\u00e9sar Award, France's national film award.\nAim\u00e9e was noted for her \"striking features\" and beauty, and considered \"one of the hundred sexiest stars in film history,\" according to a 1995 poll conducted by Empire Magazine. She has often portrayed a femme fatale with a melancholy aura. In the 1960s, Life magazine wrote that \"after each picture her enigmatic beauty lingered\" in the memories of her audience, and called her \"the Left Bank's most beautiful resident.\"", "Q71724": "Lorient (French pronunciation: \u200b[l\u0254\u0281j\u0251\u0303]; Breton: An Oriant) is a town (French \"commune\") and seaport in the Morbihan \"department\" of Brittany in North-Western France.", "Q4481567": "Rizaeddin bin Fakhreddin (Kichuchat, Samara, 12 January 1858 \u2013 1936) was a Bashkir and Tatar scholar and publicist who lived in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. His numerous works on religious, political and pedagogical subjects were a part of the Jadidist movement, and the newspaper Shura, which he created and published, was an important way of political discussion for Muslims in the late Empire.", "Q67146": "Gottfried Arnold (5 September 1666 in Annaberg, Erzgebirge \u2013 30 May 1714 in Perleberg) was a German Lutheran theologian and historian.", "Q315592": "Four Christmases (known as Four Holidays or Anywhere But Home in some territories) is a 2008 Christmas comedy-drama film about a couple visiting all four of their divorced parents' homes on Christmas Day. It stars Vince Vaughn and Reese Witherspoon, with Sissy Spacek, Mary Steenburgen, Robert Duvall, Jon Voight, Jon Favreau, Tim McGraw, Dwight Yoakam, and Kristin Chenoweth as supporting cast. The film is director Seth Gordon's first studio feature film. The film is produced by New Line Cinema and Spyglass Entertainment and was on November 26, 2008, the day before Thanksgiving. It received generally negative reviews from critics and grossed $163 million worldwide.", "Q454959": "May Jamileh Hashimoto (\u6a4b\u672c \u82bd\u751f, Hashimoto Mei), better known by her stage name May J., is a Japanese pop and R&B singer who made her major label debut under Sony Music Japan on July 12, 2006, with her first mini-album All My Girls. She was born to an Iranian mother and Japanese father.", "Q3281": "Marit Eli Paulsen, n\u00e9e Bj\u00f6rnerud, (born 24 November 1939 in Oslo) is a Norwegian-born Swedish politician of the Liberals. She was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1999 to 2004 and from 2009 to 2015. She is a well-known figure in the Swedish public debate on environmental and food quality issues, initially as a non-partisan, and was an avid proponent of Swedish membership in the European Union during the EU membership referendum campaign in 1994.\nIn 1998 she joined the Liberal People's Party, and served as 2nd Vice President of the party 1999\u20132007. In the 2009 European Parliament elections, she was elected to the European Parliament as top candidate of the list. She gained more personal votes than any other Swedish candidate.", "Q1054767": "Naoko is a novel by Keigo Higashino. The original title is Himitsu (\u79d8\u5bc6, Secret). The novel won the 52nd Mystery Writers of Japan Award for Best Novel. The story centers on a man whose wife and daughter are in a terrible accident; the wife dies, but when the daughter wakes up, he discovers his wife's mind inside.\nIt was made into a 1999 Japanese film, Himitsu, directed by Y\u014djir\u014d Takita. The 2007 film The Secret is based on the Japanese film.", "Q231356": "Nora Roberts (born Eleanor Marie Robertson on October 10, 1950) is an American author of more than 225 romance novels. She writes as J. D. Robb for the in Death series and has also written under the pseudonyms Jill March and for publications in the U.K. as Sarah Hardesty.\nNora Roberts was the first author to be inducted into the Romance Writers of America Hall of Fame. As of 2011, her novels had spent a combined 861 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list, including 176 weeks in the number-one spot.", "Q68275": "Johann Gramann or Graumann (5 July 1487 \u2013 29 April 1541), also known by his pen name Johannes Poliander, was a German pastor, theologian, teacher, humanist, reformer, and Lutheran leader.", "Q47296": "Family Plot is a 1976 American Technicolor comedy thriller that was the final film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It was based on Victor Canning's novel The Rainbird Pattern, which Ernest Lehman adapted for the screen. The film stars Karen Black, Bruce Dern, Barbara Harris and William Devane; it was screened at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival, but was not entered into the main competition.The story involves two couples: one a \"fake\" psychic and her cab-driving boyfriend, the other a pair of professional thieves and kidnappers. Their lives come into conflict because of a search for a missing heir. The film's title is a pun: \"family plot\" can refer to an area in a cemetery that has been bought by one family for the burial of its various relatives; in this case it also means a dramatic plot line involving various family members.\n\n", "Q808477": "Barnett Jerome \"Barney\" Danson, (February 8, 1921 \u2013 October 17, 2011) was a Canadian politician and Cabinet minister.", "Q57085": "Erich Seligmann Fromm (; German: [f\u0281\u0254m]; March 23, 1900 \u2013 March 18, 1980) was a German Jew who fled the Nazi regime and settled in the US. He was a social psychologist, psychoanalyst, sociologist, humanistic philosopher, and democratic socialist. He was one of the Founders of The William Alanson White Institute of Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis and Psychology in New York City and was associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory.", "Q325451": "John T. Diebold (June 8, 1926 \u2013 December 26, 2005). An American businessman who was a pioneer in the field of automation, founding The Diebold Group, Inc. to advise corporations around the world as well as governments in the U.S and abroad in the potential of information technology.", "Q228798": "Zuleyka Jerr\u00eds Rivera Mendoza (born October 3, 1987) is a Puerto Rican actress, TV host, dancer, model and beauty queen who won Miss Universe 2006 in Los Angeles. she previously crowned Miss Puerto Rico Universe 2006. She made her debut as a telenovela actress in Mexico's Telemundo's soap opera Dame Chocolate in 2007, which was followed by several other soap opera roles. In 2017 she appeared in the music video for \"Despacito\" by Luis Fonsi.", "Q276182": "Anna Maxwell Martin (born Anna Charlotte Martin; 10 May 1977), sometimes credited as Anna Maxwell-Martin, is an English actress.\nTheatre work includes the role of Lyra Belacqua in His Dark Materials at the Royal National Theatre.\nShe has won two British Academy Television Awards, for her portrayals of Esther Summerson in the BBC's 2005 adaptation of Bleak House and \"N\" in Channel 4's 2008 adaptation of Poppy Shakespeare. From 2017 Martin has played the lead role in BBC TV comedy Motherland for which she was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Female Comedy Performance.", "Q540119": "Tommy Ingebrigtsen (born 8 August 1977) is a Norwegian former ski jumper who competed from 1993 to 2007, representing By\u00e5sen IL in Trondheim. He won the large hill competition at the 1995 Nordic World Ski Championships in Thunder Bay, at the age of seventeen. Ingebrigtsen also competed in two Winter Olympics, earning a bronze in the team large hill event at Turin in 2006. He twice held the world distance record, both set in Planica, with a jump of 219.5 metres on 20 March 1999 and 231 m on 20 March 2005.\nTommy, himself a rock guitarist, is the son of musician Dag Ingebrigtsen.\n\n", "Q974147": "Enthroned is a black metal band formed in Charleroi, Belgium. It is one of the premier acts of the Belgian Black metal scene.", "Q343893": "Avi Mograbi (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9 \u05de\u05d5\u05d2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u200e; born 1956) is an Israeli documentary filmmaker.\nMograbi\u2019s distant relative founded The Mograbi Cinema (Kolnoa Mograbi), an Art Deco movie theatre in downtown Tel Aviv. It was probably Israel\u2019s most famous movie palace, having opened in 1930. It was the site of one of the largest celebrations following the 1948 partition, and remained a vital national landmark until its demolition in the 1990s.", "Q557465": "Fast Eddie (born Edwin A. Smith; January 20, 1969) is an American house producer from Chicago, Illinois.", "Q266391": "Sally Clare Kellerman (born June 2, 1937) is an American actress, activist, author, producer, singer, and voice artist.\nKellerman's acting career spans over 60 years. Her role as Major Margaret \"Hot Lips\" Houlihan in Robert Altman's film M*A*S*H (1970) earned her an Oscar nomination for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. After M*A*S*H, she appeared in a number of the director's projects: the films Brewster McCloud (1970), Welcome to L.A. (1976) (produced by Altman, directed by his protege, Alan Rudolph), The Player (1992) and Pr\u00eat-\u00e0-Porter (1994), and the short-lived anthology TV series Gun (1997). In addition to her work with Altman, Kellerman has appeared in films such as Last of the Red Hot Lovers (1972), Back to School (1986), plus many television series such as The Twilight Zone (1963), The Outer Limits (1965), Star Trek (1966), Bonanza (1966, 1970) The Minor Accomplishments of Jackie Woodman (2006), 90210 (2008), Chemistry (2011), and Maron (2013).\nAt age 18, Kellerman signed a recording contract with Verve Records, but her first album (Roll with the Feelin') was not recorded until 1972. A second album, Sally, was released in 2009. Kellerman also contributed songs to the soundtracks for Brewster McCloud (1970), Lost Horizon (1973), Rafferty and the Gold Dust Twins (1975), and Boris and Natasha: The Movie (1992).\nShe has done commercial voiceover work for Hidden Valley Ranch salad dressing, Mercedes-Benz and Revlon. Kellerman's animation work includes The Mouse and His Child (1977), Sesame Street Presents Follow That Bird (1985), Happily Ever After (1990), Dinosaurs (1992), Unsupervised (2012), and The High Fructose Adventures of Annoying Orange (2013). \nIn April 2013, she released her memoir Read My Lips: Stories of a Hollywood Life, describing her trials and tribulations in the entertainment business.", "Q443362": "Victoriano Cr\u00e9mer (18 December 1906 \u2013 27 June 2009) was a Spanish poet, journalist and \"official chronicler of the city of Le\u00f3n, Spain.\" The Latin American Herald Tribune described Cremer as Spain's \"longest lived poet\" in 2009.Cr\u00e9mer, born in Burgos, co-founded the literary magazine Espada\u00f1a (Bell Tower) with Gonzalez de Lama and Eugenio de Nora during the height of the Spanish Civil War. The magazine published work by poets including Blas de Otero, C\u00e9sar Vallejo and Pablo Neruda.Some of Cr\u00e9mer's best known works include Tiempo de Soledad (Time of Solitude), Nuevos Cantos de Vida y Esperanza (New Songs of Life and Hope), and Libro de Cain (The Book of Cain). Cr\u00e9mer won a Jaime Gil de Biedma Poetry Prize in 2008 for his writing, El Ultimo Jinete (The Last Horseman).Cr\u00e9mer was admitted to a hospital in Le\u00f3n in June 2009. He died in Le\u00f3n, Spain, on 27 June 2009, due to complications of old age at the age of 102.Spanish Prime Minister Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero, himself a resident of Le\u00f3n, issued a condolence message in which he expressed \"deep sorrow\" and applauded Cremer whose literature guided Spain during \"some very tough times in our history.\" Zapatero called Cr\u00e9mer a \"cultural activist.\"", "Q71863": "John Sumners Tanner (born September 22, 1944) is a former American politician who served as the U.S. Representative for Tennessee's 8th congressional district, serving from 1989 until 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Since his retirement, Tanner has served as the Vice Chairman of Prime Policy Group.", "Q37836": "Milwaukee (, locally ) is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States. The seat of the eponymous county, it is on Lake Michigan's western shore. Ranked by its estimated 2018 population, Milwaukee was the 31st largest city in the United States. The city's estimated population in 2018 was 594,511. Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee metropolitan area which had a population of 2,043,904 in the 2014 census estimate. It is the fourth -most densely populated metropolitan area in The Midwest, surpassed only by Chicago, Minneapolis-St. Paul and Detroit, respectively. Milwaukee is considered a Gamma global city as categorized by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network with a regional GDP of over $105 billion.\nThe first Europeans to pass through the area were French Catholic Jesuit missionaries, who were ministering to Native Americans, and fur traders. In 1818, the French Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, and in 1846, Juneau's town combined with two neighboring towns to incorporate as the city of Milwaukee. Large numbers of German immigrants arrived during the late 1840s, after the German revolutions, with Poles and other eastern European immigrants arriving in the following decades. Milwaukee is known for its brewing traditions, begun with the German immigrants.\nBeginning in the early 21st century, the city has been undergoing its largest construction boom since the 1960s. Major new additions to the city in the past two decades include the Milwaukee Riverwalk, the Wisconsin Center, Miller Park, The Hop (streetcar system), an expansion to the Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee Repertory Theater, and Pier Wisconsin, as well as major renovations to the UW\u2013Milwaukee Panther Arena. The Fiserv Forum opened in late 2018 and hosts sporting events and concerts. Summerfest, the largest music festival in the world, is also a large economic engine and cultural attraction for the city. In 2018, Milwaukee was named \"The Coolest City in the Midwest\" by Vogue.", "Q38": "Italy (Italian: Italia [i\u02c8ta\u02d0lja] (listen)), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Italiana [re\u02c8pubblika ita\u02c8lja\u02d0na]), is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands. Italy is located in south-central Europe, and it is also considered a part of western Europe. A unitary parliamentary republic with its capital in Rome, the country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi) and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland (Campione) and a maritime exclave in Tunisian waters (Lampedusa). With around 60 million inhabitants, Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union.\nDue to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures. In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy, the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name, beginning from the classical era, Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy, Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy, while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively. An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC, which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People. The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula, eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe, North Africa and Asia. By the first century BC, the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural, political and religious centre, inaugurating the Pax Romana, a period of more than 200 years during which Italy's law, technology, economy, art, and literature developed. Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire, whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture, governments, Christianity and the Latin script.\nDuring the Early Middle Ages, Italy endured the fall of the Western Roman Empire and barbarian invasions, but by the 11th century numerous rival city-states and maritime republics, mainly in the northern and central regions of Italy, rose to great prosperity through trade, commerce and banking, laying the groundwork for modern capitalism. These mostly independent statelets served as Europe's main trading hubs with Asia and the Near East, often enjoying a greater degree of democracy than the larger feudal monarchies that were consolidating throughout Europe; however, part of central Italy was under the control of the theocratic Papal States, while Southern Italy remained largely feudal until the 19th century, partially as a result of a succession of Byzantine, Arab, Norman, Angevin, Aragonese and other foreign conquests of the region. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration and art. Italian culture flourished, producing famous scholars, artists and polymaths. During the Middle Ages, Italian explorers discovered new routes to the Far East and the New World, helping to usher in the European Age of Discovery. Nevertheless, Italy's commercial and political power significantly waned with the opening of trade routes that bypassed the Mediterranean. Centuries of rivalry and infighting between the Italian city-states, such as the Italian Wars of the 15th and 16th centuries, left Italy fragmented and several Italian states were conquered and further divided by multiple European powers over the centuries.\nBy the mid-19th century, rising Italian nationalism and calls for independence from foreign control led to a period of revolutionary political upheaval. After centuries of foreign domination and political division, Italy was almost entirely unified in 1861, establishing the Kingdom of Italy as a great power. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Italy rapidly industrialised, namely in the north, and acquired a colonial empire, while the south remained largely impoverished and excluded from industrialisation, fuelling a large and influential diaspora. Despite being one of the four main allied powers in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil, leading to the rise of the Italian fascist dictatorship in 1922. Participation in World War II on the Axis side ended in military defeat, economic destruction and the Italian Civil War. Following the liberation of Italy the country abolished their monarchy, established a democratic Republic and enjoyed a prolonged economic boom, becoming a highly developed country.Today, Italy is considered to be one of the world's most culturally and economically advanced countries, with the world's eighth-largest economy by nominal GDP (third in the Eurozone), sixth-largest national wealth and third-largest central bank gold reserve. It ranks very highly in life expectancy, quality of life, healthcare, and education. The country plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural and diplomatic affairs; it is both a regional power and a great power, and is ranked the world's eighth most-powerful military. Italy is a founding and leading member of the European Union and a member of numerous international institutions, including the UN, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the WTO, the G7, the G20, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Council of Europe, Uniting for Consensus, the Schengen Area and many more. The country has long been a global centre of art, music, literature, philosophy, science and technology, and fashion, and has greatly influenced and contributed to diverse fields including cinema, cuisine, sports, jurisprudence, banking and business. As a reflection of its cultural wealth, Italy is home to the world's largest number of World Heritage Sites (55), and is the fifth-most visited country.", "Q4471": "Delirious is a 2006 film directed by Tom DiCillo. It stars Steve Buscemi, Michael Pitt and Alison Lohman.\nIt is the story of twenty-year-old Toby Grace (Michael Pitt) who progresses from a homeless scavenger in New York City to the assistant of a neurotic paparazzo, Les Galantine (Steve Buscemi), then falls in love with a famous singer, K'harma. \n\n", "Q162629": "Simon Phillip Cowell (; born 7 October 1959) is an English television personality, businessman, producer, and record executive. He has judged on the British television talent competition series Pop Idol (2001\u20132003), The X Factor (2004\u20132010, 2014\u2013present) and Britain's Got Talent (2007\u2013present), and the American television talent competition series American Idol (2002\u20132010), The X Factor (2011\u20132013) and America's Got Talent (2016\u2013present). He is the principal, founder and chief executive of the British entertainment company Syco.After some success in the 1980s and 1990s as a record producer, talent scout and a consultant in the UK music industry, Cowell came to public prominence in 2001 as a judge on Pop Idol, a show which he and its creator Simon Fuller successfully pitched to ITV Controller of Entertainment Claudia Rosencrantz. Cowell subsequently created The X Factor (in 2004) and Got Talent (in 2006), shows which have been sold around the world. In 2004 and 2010, Time named Cowell one of the 100 most influential people in the world. In 2008, The Daily Telegraph ranked him sixth in their list of the \"100 most powerful people in British culture\". The same year he received the Special Recognition Award at the National Television Awards. At the 2010 British Academy Television Awards he received the BAFTA Special Award for his \"outstanding contribution to the entertainment industry and for his development of new talent.\" In 2018, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the television category.Cowell often makes blunt and controversial comments as a television music and talent show judge, including insults and wisecracks about contestants and their singing abilities. He combines activities in both the television and music industries. Cowell has produced and promoted successful singles and albums for various recording acts whom he has signed and taken under his wing, including Little Mix, James Arthur, Labrinth, Leona Lewis, Fifth Harmony, Il Divo, Olly Murs, Noah Cyrus, Cher Lloyd, Fleur East and Susan Boyle. He has also signed successful boybands such as Westlife, One Direction and CNCO.", "Q546568": "Kl\u00e1ra Le\u00f6vey (1821\u20131897), was a Hungarian pioneer educator and women's rights activist. She was the manager of the Blanka Teleki School in Budapest from 1846 to 1848 after being recommended by Ter\u00e9z Karacs. She participated in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and because of this she was imprisoned by the Austrians. After her release, she lived in exile in Paris from 1856 to 1862.In 2018, the asteroid 334756 Le\u00f6vey, discovered by Kriszti\u00e1n S\u00e1rneczky and Brigitta Sip\u0151cz at the Piszk\u00e9stet\u0151 Station in 2003, was named after her.", "Q240430": "Magdalena Ko\u017een\u00e1 (also Lady Rattle; Czech: [\u02c8ma\u0261dal\u025bna \u02c8ko\u0292\u025bna\u02d0]; born 26 May 1973) is a Czech mezzo-soprano.", "Q50675": "Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians have studied that topic using particular sources, techniques, and theoretical approaches. Scholars discuss historiography by topic\u2014such as the historiography of the United Kingdom, that of WWII, the British Empire, early Islam, and China\u2014and different approaches and genres, such as political history and social history. Beginning in the nineteenth century, with the development of academic history, there developed a body of historiographic literature. The extent to which historians are influenced by their own groups and loyalties\u2014such as to their nation state\u2014remains a debated question.In the ancient world, chronological annals were produced in civilizations such as ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. However, the discipline of historiography was first established in the 5th century BC with the Histories of Herodotus, the founder of Greek historiography. The Roman statesman Cato the Elder produced the first history in Latin, the Origines, in the 2nd century BC. His near contemporaries Sima Tan and Sima Qian in the Han Empire of China established Chinese historiography with the compiling of the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian). During the Middle Ages, medieval historiography included the works of chronicles in medieval Europe, Islamic histories by Muslim historians, and the Korean and Japanese historical writings based on the existing Chinese model. During the 18th century Age of Enlightenment, historiography in the Western world was shaped and developed by figures such as Voltaire, David Hume, and Edward Gibbon, who among others set the foundations for the modern discipline.\nThe research interests of historians change over time, and there has been a shift away from traditional diplomatic, economic, and political history toward newer approaches, especially social and cultural studies. From 1975 to 1995 the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history increased from 31 to 41 percent, while the proportion of political historians decreased from 40 to 30 percent. In 2007, of 5,723 faculty in the departments of history at British universities, 1,644 (29%) identified themselves with social history and 1,425 (25%) identified themselves with political history. Since the 1980s there has been a special interest in the memories and commemoration of past events\u2014the histories as remembered and presented for popular celebration.", "Q1077021": "Christopher Robert Broach (born September 5, 1976 in Madison, Wisconsin) is one of the guitarists/vocalists in the 1990s emo band Braid. Broach joined Braid in 1994, recording his guitar parts on the band's first 7-inch release a week later.", "Q449129": "Alvin Saunders Johnson (December 18, 1874 \u2013 June 7, 1971) was an American economist and a co-founder and first director of The New School.", "Q194801": "Mr. Robinson Crusoe is a 1932 Pre-Code American film. It is one of the few \"talkie\" films starring Douglas Fairbanks, Sr., in his penultimate film role; Fairbanks also produced the film and provided the story. The film was directed by A. Edward Sutherland, a veteran silent film director, for Fairbanks's Elton Productions, and released by United Artists. Steve Drexel (played by Fairbanks) shows a fiery optimism and can-do spirit that matches the Fairbanks screen persona that appears in his most popular films.\nThe South Seas comedy adventure featured location filming on Tahiti with working titles being Tropical Knight, A Modern Robinson Crusoe and Robinson Crusoe of the South Seas.\n\n", "Q65816": "Jonschwil is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q7178": "The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering.\nThe movement consists of several distinct organizations that are legally independent from each other, but are united within the movement through common basic principles, objectives, symbols, statutes and governing organisations. The movement's parts are:\n\nThe International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a private humanitarian institution founded in 1863 in Geneva, Switzerland, in particular by Henry Dunant and Gustave Moynier. Its 25-member committee has a unique authority under international humanitarian law to protect the life and dignity of the victims of international and internal armed conflicts. The ICRC was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on three occasions (in 1917, 1944 and 1963).\nThe International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) was founded in 1919 and today it coordinates activities between the 190 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies within the Movement. On an international level, the Federation leads and organizes, in close cooperation with the National Societies, relief assistance missions responding to large-scale emergencies. The International Federation Secretariat is based in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1963, the Federation (then known as the League of Red Cross Societies) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize jointly with the ICRC.\nNational Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies exist in nearly every country in the world. Currently 190 National Societies are recognized by the ICRC and admitted as full members of the Federation. Each entity works in its home country according to the principles of international humanitarian law and the statutes of the international Movement. Depending on their specific circumstances and capacities, National Societies can take on additional humanitarian tasks that are not directly defined by international humanitarian law or the mandates of the international Movement. In many countries, they are tightly linked to the respective national health care system by providing emergency medical services.", "Q957946": "Gino John Marchetti (January 2, 1926 \u2013 April 29, 2019) was an American professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played in 1952 for the Dallas Texans and from 1953 to 1966 for the Baltimore Colts.", "Q360092": "Charles Bruce Catton (October 9, 1899 \u2013 August 28, 1978) was an American historian and journalist, known best for his books concerning the American Civil War. Known as a narrative historian, Catton specialized in popular history, featuring interesting characters and historical vignettes, in addition to the basic facts, dates, and analyses. Although his books were researched well and included footnotes, they were not generally presented in a rigorous academic style. He won a Pulitzer Prize during 1954 for A Stillness at Appomattox, his study of the final campaign of the war in Virginia.", "Q438908": "Cara Seymour (born 6 January 1964) is an English actress from Essex, England. She has appeared in films such as American Psycho, Adaptation, Dancer in the Dark, Gangs of New York, Hotel Rwanda, The Savages, and An Education. She appeared on stage in the New York Shakespeare Festival production of Caryl Churchill's The Skriker.", "Q676375": "Alan Clark (born 5 March 1952 in Durham) is an English musician who was the first permanent keyboardist and co-producer of the rock band Dire Straits. In 2018, Clark was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a significant member of Dire Straits.\n\n", "Q86555": "Leopold Andreas Ignaz Sonnleithner, (from 1828 Leopold Edler von Sonnleithner, born 15 November 1797 in Wien; died 3 March 1873) in Vienna, was an Austrian lawyer and a well-known personality of the Viennese Classical music scene. He was a friend and patron of Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, Franz Grillparzer, and Carl Czerny.", "Q896868": "The Evangelical-Lutheran Church in W\u00fcrttemberg (German: Evangelische Landeskirche in W\u00fcrttemberg; analogous translation in English: Evangelical State Church in W\u00fcrttemberg) is a Lutheran member church of the Evangelical Church in Germany in the German former state of W\u00fcrttemberg, now part of the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.\n\nThe seat of the church is in Stuttgart. It is a full member of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD), and is a Lutheran Church. The presiding bishop (Landesbischof) of the church is Frank Otfried July (2005). There are four regional bishops (Regionalbisch\u00f6fe). The regional bishops are located at Heilbronn, Stuttgart, Ulm, and Reutlingen.The Evangelical Lutheran Church of W\u00fcrttemberg is one of 20 Lutheran, united and reformed churches of the EKD. The church has 1,993,460 members (2018) in about 1,300 parishes. It is the most important Protestant denomination in eastern Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. The Evangelical Lutheran Church of W\u00fcrttemberg is a member church of the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe. It is a member of the Lutheran World Federation and a guest member of the United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany. The Church runs a minister training house in T\u00fcbingen called T\u00fcbinger Stift. The most prominent churches of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of W\u00fcrttemberg are the Stiftskirche in Stuttgart, the Minster in Ulm, the Kilians church in Heilbronn, the St. Mary's Church, Reutlingen, the city church St. Dionysius in Esslingen, as well as the church St. Michael in Schw\u00e4bisch Hall. The ordination of women like in all other EKD churches has been allowed. In March 2019, the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in W\u00fcrttemberg allowed blessing of same-sex unions.", "Q1509": "Tennessee ( (listen), locally ; Cherokee: \u13d4\u13be\u13cf, romanized: Tanasi) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is only the 36th largest but the 16th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by eight states, with Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the west, and Missouri to the northwest. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Nashville is the state's capital and largest city, with a 2017 population of 667,560 and a 2017 metro population of 1,903,045. Tennessee's second largest city is Memphis, which had a population of 652,236 in 2017.The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. Occupied by Union forces from 1862, it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war.Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia, and more soldiers for the Union Army than the rest of the Confederacy combined. Beginning during Reconstruction, it had competitive party politics, but a Democratic takeover in the late 1880s resulted in passage of disenfranchisement laws that excluded most blacks and many poor whites from voting. This sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century. In the 20th century, Tennessee transitioned from an agrarian economy to a more diversified economy, aided by massive federal investment in the Tennessee Valley Authority and, in the early 1940s, the city of Oak Ridge. This city was established to house the Manhattan Project's uranium enrichment facilities, helping to build the world's first atomic bombs, two of which were dropped on Imperial Japan near the end of World War II. After the war, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory became a key center for nuclear research. In 2016, the element tennessine was named for the state.Tennessee's major industries include agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Poultry, soybeans, and cattle are the state's primary agricultural products, and major manufacturing exports include chemicals, transportation equipment, and electrical equipment. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is located in the eastern part of the state, and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee\u2013North Carolina border. Other major tourist attractions include the Tennessee Aquarium and Chattanooga Choo-Choo Hotel in Chattanooga; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge; Ripley's Aquarium of the Smokies and Ober Gatlinburg in Gatlinburg; the Parthenon, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, and Ryman Auditorium in Nashville; the Jack Daniel's Distillery in Lynchburg; Elvis Presley's Graceland residence and tomb, the Memphis Zoo, the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis; and Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol.", "Q52704": "Chavannes-le-Ch\u00eane is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q182905": "Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov (; Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043b\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432, IPA: [\u0261\u02b2\u026a\u02c8or\u0261\u02b2\u026aj v\u0259l\u02b2\u026an\u02c8t\u02b2in\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 pl\u02b2\u026a\u02c8xan\u0259f] (listen); 29 November 1856 \u2013 30 May 1918) was a Russian revolutionary, philosopher and a Marxist theoretician. He was a founder of the social-democratic movement in Russia and was one of the first Russians to identify himself as \"Marxist\". Facing political persecution, Plekhanov emigrated to Switzerland in 1880, where he continued in his political activity attempting to overthrow the Tsarist regime in Russia.\nAlthough he supported the Bolshevik faction at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1903, Plekhanov soon rejected the idea of democratic centralism, and became one of Lenin and Trotsky's principal antagonists in the 1905 St. Petersburg Soviet.\nDuring World War I Plekhanov rallied to the cause of the Entente powers against Germany and he returned home to Russia following the 1917 February Revolution. Plekhanov was an opponent of the Soviet state which came to power in the autumn of 1917. He died the following year. Despite his vigorous and outspoken opposition to Lenin's political party in 1917, Plekhanov was held in high esteem by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union following his death as a founding father of Russian Marxism and a philosophical thinker.", "Q273944": "Louise Platt (August 3, 1915 \u2013 September 6, 2003) was an American theater, film, and TV actress.", "Q45278": "Johann Michael Sailer (Aresing, 17 October 1751 \u2013 Regensburg, 20 May 1832) was a German Jesuit theologian and philosopher, and Bishop of Regensburg. Sailer was a major contributor to the Catholic Enlightenment.", "Q204514": "Juggernaut is a 1974 British crime suspense film starring Richard Harris, Omar Sharif, and Anthony Hopkins. The film, which was directed by Richard Lester, was largely shot on location aboard the TS Hamburg in the North Sea. It was inspired by real events aboard QE2 in May 1972 when Royal Marines from the Special Boat Service were parachuted onto the ship because of a bomb hoax.In the film, Richard Harris leads a team of Naval bomb disposal experts sent to disarm several large barrel bombs that have been placed aboard an ocean liner crossing the North Atlantic. Meanwhile, ashore, the police race against time to track down the mysterious bomb maker, who calls himself \"Juggernaut\" who will for a ransom reveal the information that will disarm the bombs.", "Q376196": "Eugene Polley (November 29, 1915 \u2013 May 20, 2012) was an engineer and engineering manager for Zenith Electronics and most widely known for inventing the first wireless remote control for television.", "Q214707": "Alfred Wagenknecht (August 15, 1881 \u2013 August 26, 1956) was an American Marxist activist and political functionary. He is best remembered for having played a critical role in the establishment of the American Communist Party in 1919 as a leader of the Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party. Wagenknecht served as Executive Secretary of the Communist Labor Party of America and the United Communist Party of America in 1919 and 1920, respectively.", "Q630446": "John Michael Green (born August 24, 1977) is an American author and YouTube content creator. He won the 2006 Printz Award for his debut novel, Looking for Alaska, and his fourth solo novel, The Fault in Our Stars, debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list in January 2012. The 2014 film adaptation opened at number one at the box office. In 2014, Green was included in Time magazine's list of The 100 Most Influential People in the World. Another film based on a Green novel, Paper Towns, was released on July 24, 2015.\nAside from being a novelist, Green is also well known for his YouTube ventures. In 2007, he launched the Vlogbrothers channel with his brother, Hank Green. Since then, John and Hank have launched events such as Project for Awesome and VidCon and created a total of 11 online series, including Crash Course, an educational channel teaching Literature, History, and Science, later joined by fourteen other courses as of 2018.", "Q24692": "Almazbek Sharshenovich Atambayev (Kyrgyz: \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a \u0428\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0428\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d \u0443\u0443\u043b\u0443) \u0410\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432, Almazbek \u015ear\u015fenovi\u00e7 (\u015ear\u015fen uulu) Atambayev; born 17 September 1956) is a Kyrgyz politician who served as the President of Kyrgyzstan from 1 December 2011 to 24 November 2017. He was Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 17 December 2010 to 1 December 2011, and from 29 March 2007 to 28 November 2007. He served as Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDPK) from 30 July 1999 to 23 September 2011.", "Q2305639": "Bradley M. Kuhn (born 1973) is a free software activist from the United States.\nKuhn is currently Policy Fellow and Hacker-in-Residence of the Software Freedom Conservancy, having previously been Executive Director. Until 2010 he was the FLOSS Community Liaison and Technology Director of the Software Freedom Law Center (SFLC). He previously served as the Executive Director of Free Software Foundation (FSF) from 2001 until March 2005. He was elected to the FSF's board of directors in March 2010.He is best known for his efforts in GPL enforcement, both at FSF and SFLC, as the creator of FSF's license list, and as original author of the Affero General Public License. He has long been a proponent for non-profit structures for FLOSS development, and leads efforts in this direction through the Software Freedom Conservancy. He is a recipient of the 2012 O'Reilly Open Source Award.", "Q14989": "L\u00e9on Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Gustave Delacroix (27 December 1867 \u2013 15 October 1929) was a Belgian statesman. Before entering politics, he was a renowned lawyer, and served as president of the Belgian Court of Cassation from 1917 to 1918. In the context of reconstruction after World War I, he was appointed the 22nd Prime Minister and served from 1918 to 1920. During his term, universal suffrage for men was enacted.", "Q91997": "J\u00fcrgen Flimm (born 17 July 1941 in Gie\u00dfen) is a German theater and opera director, and theater manager. After establishing himself as one of the exponents of Regietheater, Flimm was called to manage renowned theaters and festivals. His operatic productions in Germany led to an international career, with operas staged in the Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland, England, Italy, and the United States.", "Q12320": "Pedro Gerardo Mar\u00eda Beltr\u00e1n Espantoso (17 February 1897\u201316 February 1979), was a Peruvian journalist, economist and politician. From 1959 to 1961, he was the Prime Minister and Minister of Finance under Manuel Prado Ugarteche.\nBeltr\u00e1n was a longtime owner and publisher of La Prensa.Beltr\u00e1n was the Peruvian Ambassador to the United States from 1944 to 1945.", "Q109936": "Andreas Pinkwart (born 1960 in Neunkirchen-Seelscheid, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German politician and academic who currently serves as State Minister for Economic Affairs, Digitization, Innovation and Energy in the government of Minister-President Armin Laschet. He previously was the Dean of HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management and holder of the Stiftungsfonds Deutsche Bank Chair of Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship.", "Q1031712": "Danielle Michelle \"Diem\" Brown (June 12, 1980 \u2013 November 14, 2014) was an American television personality, philanthropist, and entertainment reporter. She was best known as a recurring cast member on the MTV reality television series The Challenge. Brown founded MedGift, a website that provides a gift registry for patients and support pages to both people experiencing illnesses and their caregivers. She was an army brat in Baumholder, Germany before her family settled in the United States. She attended high school in Roswell, Georgia and obtained her bachelor's degree in communications from Florida State University. She was a member of Delta Gamma sorority.Since debuting on Real World/Road Rules Challenge: Fresh Meat in 2006, Brown competed in seven additional Challenges. In her debut challenge, filmed in November 2005, she revealed that she had been diagnosed with ovarian cancer, to the surprise of both the cast and the production company. Her final season of The Challenge, Battle of the Exes II, aired in early 2015.", "Q254323": "Christine Jorgensen (May 30, 1926 \u2013 May 3, 1989) was an American transgender woman who was the first person to become widely known in the United States for having sex reassignment surgery. Jorgensen grew up in the Bronx, New York City. Shortly after graduating from high school in 1945, she was drafted into the U.S. Army during World War II. After her military service, she attended several schools and worked; it is during this time she learned about sex reassignment surgery. Jorgensen traveled to Europe, and in Copenhagen, Denmark, obtained special permission to undergo a series of operations beginning in 1952.She returned to the United States in the early 1950s and her transition was the subject of a New York Daily News front-page story. She became an instant celebrity, known for her directness and polished wit, and used the platform to advocate for transgender people. She also worked as an actress and nightclub entertainer and recorded several songs.", "Q491542": "S.E.S. (Hangul: \uc5d0\uc2a4\uc774\uc5d0\uc2a4; acronym for Sea, Eugene, Shoo) was a South Korean girl group formed in 1997 by SM Entertainment, with the three members: Bada, Eugene, and Shoo. Their debut album I'm Your Girl sold 650,000 copies, becoming the best-selling album by a female group in South Korea. Their follow-up album, Sea & Eugene & Shoo in 1998, Love in 1999 and A Letter from Greenland in 2000 also became best-sellers.In their early career, they were dubbed as the female counterpart of H.O.T., which were also their labelmates. S.E.S. were challenged by groups like Fin.K.L, and Baby V.O.X, which debuted around the same time and also enjoyed success.\nThe group officially disbanded in December 2002, after unsuccessful contract renewal negotiations with Bada and Eugene while Shoo maintained her career with SM until 2006. They released the compilation album Beautiful Songs in mid-2003 as their final release.\nIn October 2016, the group's members were confirmed to return to celebrate their debut's 20th anniversary. SM later confirmed that the group would return with an album and a concert. In November 2016, the group's released the buzz single \"Love [story]\" under SM's music project SM Station as a part of their 20th anniversary project, which would later include a concert, an album and a reality program. Their 20th anniversary special album Remember was released on January 2, 2017, with double title tracks \"Remember\" and \"Paradise\".", "Q4808641": "Reza Beyk Imanverdi (Persian: \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u200e, 15 June 1936 \u2013 13 September 2003) was an Iranian actor and director.\n\n", "Q1430823": "The Colorado Party (Spanish: Partido Colorado, lit. \"The Red Party\") is a political party in Uruguay.", "Q134309": "Charles IX (27 June 1550 \u2013 30 May 1574) was King of France from 1560 until his death in 1574 from tuberculosis. He ascended the throne of France upon the death of his brother Francis II in 1560. \nAfter decades of tension, war broke out between Protestants and Catholics after the massacre of Vassy in 1562. In 1572, after several unsuccessful peace attempts, Charles ordered the marriage of his sister Margaret of Valois to Henry of Navarre (the future King Henry IV of France), a major Protestant nobleman who was in the line of succession to the French throne, in a last desperate bid to reconcile his people. Facing popular hostility against this policy of appeasement, Charles allowed the massacre of all Huguenot leaders who gathered in Paris for the royal wedding at the instigation of his mother Catherine de' Medici. This event, known as the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, was a significant blow to the Huguenot movement, though religious civil warfare soon began anew. Charles sought to take advantage of the disarray of the Huguenots by ordering the Siege of La Rochelle, but was unable to take the Protestant stronghold.\nAll of his decision-making was influenced by his mother Catherine de' Medici, a fervent Roman Catholic who initially sought peace between Catholics and Protestants, but after the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre supported the persecution of Huguenots.\nCharles died of tuberculosis in 1574, without legitimate male issue, and was succeeded by his brother Henry III.", "Q11629": "Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the \"matrix\" or \"support\"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and airbrushes, can be used. The final work is also called a painting.\nPainting is an important form in the visual arts, bringing in elements such as drawing, gesture (as in gestural painting), composition, narration (as in narrative art), or abstraction (as in abstract art). Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (as in a still life or landscape painting), photographic, abstract, narrative, symbolistic (as in Symbolist art), emotive (as in Expressionism), or political in nature (as in Artivism).\nA portion of the history of painting in both Eastern and Western art is dominated by religious art. Examples of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery, to Biblical scenes Sistine Chapel ceiling, to scenes from the life of Buddha or other images of Eastern religious origin.\nIn art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. The support for paintings includes such surfaces as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, pottery, leaf, copper and concrete, and the painting may incorporate multiple other materials including sand, clay, paper, plaster, gold leaf, as well as objects.", "Q133466": "A Canterbury Tale is a 1944 British film by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger starring Eric Portman, Sheila Sim, Dennis Price and Sgt. John Sweet; Esmond Knight provided narration and played several small roles. For the postwar American release, Raymond Massey narrated and Kim Hunter was added to the film. The film was made in black and white, and was the first of two collaborations between Powell and Pressburger and cinematographer Erwin Hillier.\nMuch of the film's visual style is a mixture of British realism and Hillier's German Expressionist style that is harnessed through a neo-romantic sense of the English landscape. The concept that 'the past always haunts the present' in the English landscape would became a notable trope for British novelists and film-makers from the 1960s onwards. A Canterbury Tale takes its title from The Canterbury Tales of Geoffrey Chaucer, and loosely uses Chaucer's theme of \"eccentric characters on a religious pilgrimage\" to highlight the wartime experiences of the citizens of Kent, and encourage wartime Anglo-American friendship and understanding. \nAnglo-American relations were also explored in Powell and Pressburger's previous film The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp and in more detail in their subsequent film A Matter of Life and Death.", "Q1022008": "Tsutomu Aragaki (\u65b0\u57a3 \u52c9, Aragaki Tsutomu, born 1952 in Yomitan, Okinawa Prefecture) is a Japanese tenor.\nHe was born in Yomitan, Okinawa Prefecture. He was blinded shortly after birth when a midwife put overly-strong drops in his eyes. When he was a year old, his parents divorced and his Mexican-American father went back to the United States. His mother, who was Okinawan, remarried when he was still a child, and Tsutomu was sent to live with his maternal grandmother. His grandmother raised him until he was 14, when she died, leaving him without relatives in Japan. One day Tsutomu heard a hymn on the radio. This led him to visit a church, where he told the minister about his life. Sympathetic to Tsutomu's loss, the minister took him in and raised him as family. It was this meeting that led Tsutomu both to sing and to become a Baptist minister. The song, \"Sugar Cane Field\" , was top three in classical CD sales in Japan in 2002.\nThe Fuji TV movie Mada Minu Chichi e, Haha e [\u307e\u3060\u898b\u306c\u7236\u3078\u6bcd\u3078] (To the Father and Mother I Still Haven't Seen) is a dramatization of his life.", "Q2966564": "Christopher James Chaplin (born 8 July 1962) is a Swiss-born English composer and actor. He is the youngest son of film comedian Charlie Chaplin and his fourth wife, Oona O'Neill.", "Q615836": "Zhenli Ye Gon (born January 31, 1963 in Shanghai) is a Chinese-Mexican businessman currently under suspicion of trafficking pseudoephedrine or ephedrine precursor chemicals into Mexico from Asia. He is the owner and legal representative of Unimed Pharm Chem M\u00e9xico, as well as various other Mexican corporations. From 2002-2004, Unimed had been legally authorized by the Mexican government to import thousands of metric tons of pseudoephedrine and ephedrine products into Mexico, as a part of its vast importation business. Pseudoephedrine and ephedrine products at the time were widely used in over-the-counter cold medications such as Sudafed, but could also be used by manufacturers of methamphetamine. \nAudits conducted by Mexican officials between 2002-06 at Unimed showed no improprieties such as improper diversion of any such chemicals. Nevertheless, after Unimed's license to import pseudoephedrine and ephedrine products ended on July 1, 2005, it was alleged that Ye Gon and certain employees of his violated the law by continuing to import four unauthorized containers of pseudoephedrine or ephedrine precursor chemicals into Mexico in late 2005 and 2006. Only 4 of Unimed's 291 imported shipments (from Canada, China, England, Germany, Israel, Hong Kong and the United States) into Mexico have ever been questioned. In July 2007, the U.S. government filed an indictment charging that the importation of these four shipments into Mexico was part of a conspiracy to aid and abet the importation of methamphetamine into the United States. Two years later, the U.S. case was dismissed with prejudice by The United States District Court for the District of Columbia, in August 2009.\nHe is claimed to be a member of the Sinaloa Cartel, a charge that Ye Gon, who has no previous criminal record, has denied. He became a citizen of Mexico in 2002 and was recognized as a wealthy business owner in Mexico before these allegations of wrongdoing arose.Ye Gon was extradited to Mexico in October, 2016, after fighting extradition to Mexico for nine years while incarcerated in the United States.\n\n", "Q1969307": "Simon John Breckenridge Nicol (born 13 October 1950) is an English guitarist, singer, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. He was a founding member of British folk rock group Fairport Convention and is the only founding member still in the band. He has also been involved with the Albion Band and a wide range of musical projects, both as a collaborator, producer and as a solo artist. He has received several awards for his work and career.", "Q278811": "A.J. Mogis is a musician from North Platte, Nebraska. He currently plays bass guitar in the indie-rock band Criteria. His brother is Mike Mogis. Together, they founded Presto! Recording Studios and have recorded almost all the albums released by Saddle Creek Records as well as albums by friends' bands. They were also members of Lullaby for the Working Class. Criteria has so far released two albums.", "Q922467": "Manuel Ant\u00f4nio de Almeida (November 17, 1831 \u2013 November 28, 1861) was a Brazilian satirical writer, medician and teacher. He is famous for the book Memoirs of a Police Sergeant, written under the pen name Um Brasileiro (English: A Brazilian). He is the patron of the 28th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.", "Q3409603": "John I. Bitove Jr. (born 1960 in Toronto, Ontario) is a noted Canadian businessman and sportsman. He is the Founder of the Toronto Raptors of the NBA. Through his holding company, Obelysk, he is involved in several entities including; Sirius XM Canada, Canada's largest subscriber radio service. He is the founder of Mobilicity, a mobile wireless service, which was sold to Rogers Communications in July, 2015. He was also the major shareholder of KEYreit, Canada's largest \"small box\" real estate investment trust that was sold in 2013. In 2015 Bitove co-founded an alternative asset manager, PointNorth Capital.[1]\nOn September 30, 1993 the National Basketball Association invited a group led by Bitove to be the 29th team to join the league. In addition to being the Founder of the Toronto Raptors basketball team, he led the creation of the Air Canada Centre the new home of sports and entertainment in Toronto, including some new, state-of-art stadium features.\nIn 2005, he established the S'Cool Life Fund, which has raised over $2.8 million to fund extracurricular activities in Canadian public schools. To date S'Cool Life Fund has provided grants to over 1,000 schools for D.R.E.A.M.S. (Drama, Recreation, Extra-Curricular, Arts, Music, or Sports) projects across Canada helping to make school life more enjoyable for thousands of public elementary children in grades K-8.\nBitove was the volunteer president of the City of Toronto bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.He has also been the volunteer organizer for the 1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics (track and field) and the 1994 FIBA World Championship of Basketball. In 2005, he received the first James Naismith Award of Excellence by Canada Basketball.Bitove earned an undergraduate Bachelor of Science degree in Business (marketing) from Indiana University Bloomington in 1983. He is a member of the Beta Eta chapter of Sigma Nu fraternity. He also received a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Windsor in 1984 and was called to the bar and admitted to the Law Society of Upper Canada (Ontario) in 1986. Since 2007 he has served on the board of trustees of Wake Forest University in North Carolina. He is the son of John Bitove, Sr. and is of Macedonian heritage.", "Q125204": "Graeme Milbourne Clark AC (born 16 August 1935 in Camden, New South Wales) is an Australian Professor of Otolaryngology at the University of Melbourne. He invented a multiple-channel cochlear implant.", "Q48984": "Married to the Mob is a 1988 American comedy film directed by Jonathan Demme, starring Michelle Pfeiffer and Matthew Modine.Pfeiffer plays a gangster's widow from Brooklyn, opposite Modine as the undercover FBI agent assigned the task of investigating her mafia connections. As a sneaky mob boss romantically pursuing Angela, Dean Stockwell was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q59651": "Ruth Roman (December 22, 1922 \u2013 September 9, 1999) was an American actress of film, stage, and television.\nAfter playing stage roles in the East Coast, she relocated to Hollywood to pursue a career in films. She appeared in several uncredited bit parts before she was cast in the western Harmony Trail (1944) and the serial Jungle Queen (1945), her first credited film performances.\nShe achieved her first notable success with a role in The Window (1949) and a year later was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year \u2013 Actress for her performance in Champion (1949). In the early 1950s, she was under contract to Warner Bros., where she starred in a variety of films, including the Alfred Hitchcock thriller Strangers on a Train (1951).\nIn the mid-1950s, she continued starring in films and also began playing guest roles in television series. Her television appearances earned her a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q766172": "Sigurd Lunde (27 April 1916\u201321 January 2006) was a Norwegian theologian, teacher, author, broadcaster, and Bishop of the Diocese of Stavanger. Lunde also wrote music and lyrics to hymns and psalms. He was the father of news anchor Einar Lunde.", "Q2822454": "The Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry (in Swedish Kungl. Skogs- och Lantbruksakademien), formerly the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture (Kungl. Lantbruksakademien), founded in 1813 at the initiative of Crown Prince Charles, is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden. Initially the Academy had a function of being auxiliary to the central administrative authorities. The Academy now acts an independent organization, promoting agriculture, forestry and related fields with the support of science and practical experience, in the interest of Swedish society.", "Q69792": "Gunther Pl\u00fcschow (February 8, 1886 \u2013 January 28, 1931) was a German aviator, aerial explorer and author from Munich, Bavaria. His feats include the only escape by a German prisoner of war in World War I from Britain back to Germany; he was the first man to explore and film Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia from the air. He was killed on a second aerial expedition to Patagonia in 1931. As an aviator and explorer, he is honored as a hero by the Argentine Air Force to this day.\n\n", "Q92246": "Sophie Charlotte Ackermann (n\u00e9e Bierreichel) (10 May 1714 \u2013 14 October 1792) was a German actress from Berlin.", "Q634620": "Piero Marrazzo (born 29 July 1958) is an Italian journalist and politician. He served as the President of Lazio, the region of Italy containing Rome, from 2005 to 2009.\nPiero Marrazzo is the son of Giuseppe Marrazzo (a field journalist noted for his investigations on the Mafia) and Italian-American Luigia Spina. He was a political activist during his youth, leading towards reformist socialism, and obtained a degree in jurisprudence. He went on to become a prominent TV journalist, working for twenty years for RAI, on programmes such as TG2 and TG3, heading the Tuscany journalistic department of RAI, working with Giovanni Minoli (on programmes such as \"Cronaca in Diretta\", \"Drugstories\", and \"Format\"), and finally becoming the anchorman for eight consecutive years of \"Mi Manda Rai Tre\", for which he is most remembered. In November 2004 he left his job to run for presidency of Lazio as the candidate of centre-left coalition L'Unione; he won the April 2005 regional elections attracting 50.7% of votes.\nHe suspended himself from his role on Saturday 24 October 2009, after 4 carabinieri officers allegedly tried to blackmail him with video footage, purporting to reveal him in a bedroom with a transsexual prostitute, where a limited quantity of cocaine was also present. Marrazzo admitted the meeting and said that the move paved the way for his resignation. In 2018 the four carabineri officers were found guilty of conspiracy and blackmailing.", "Q206317": "Kraljevo (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0459\u0435\u0432\u043e; [kr\u01ce\u02d0\u028e\u025b\u028b\u0254] (listen)) is a city in central Serbia and the administrative center of the Ra\u0161ka District in central Serbia. It is situated on the confluence of West Morava and Ibar, in the geographical region of \u0160umadija, between the mountains of Kotlenik in the north, and Stolovi in the south.\nIn 2011 the city urban area has a population of 68,749 inhabitants, while the city administrative area has 125,488 inhabitants. With an area of 1530 km\u00b2, it is the largest municipality (after Belgrade) in Serbia by area.", "Q123661": "Daisy Earles (April 29, 1907 \u2013 March 15, 1980) was a German dwarf who migrated to the United States in the early 1920s. She worked in Hollywood films in California and later toured with circus companies. Daisy Earles was blonde, pretty, and tall compared to her other sisters, and had a very well proportioned figure, for which she earned the epithet of a \"miniature Mae West\". Her circus acts with her siblings were as \"parade performers\".", "Q463918": "Mariza (Portuguese pronunciation: [m\u0250\u02c8\u027eiz\u0250]), ComIH, born Marisa dos Reis Nunes (born 16 December 1973), is a popular Portuguese fado singer.\nMariza was born in Louren\u00e7o Marques, Portuguese Mozambique, to a Portuguese father, Jos\u00e9 Brand\u00e3o Nunes, and a Mozambican mother, Isabel Nunes. When she was three years old, her family moved to Metropolitan Portugal, and she was raised in Lisbon's historic quarters of Mouraria and Alfama. While very young she began singing in a wide variety of musical styles, including gospel, soul and jazz. Her father strongly encouraged her to adopt fado; he felt that participating in the traditional music would grant her greater acceptance in the Portuguese community. Mariza has sold over 1,000,000 records worldwide.", "Q68498": "Rebeuvelier is a former municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Rebeuvelier and Vellerat merged into the municipality of Courrendlin.", "Q681931": "The Bavarian State Opera (German: Bayerische Staatsoper) is an opera company based in Munich, Germany. Its orchestra is the Bavarian State Orchestra. The company's home base is the National Theatre Munich.", "Q717947": "G\u0142ubczyce [\u0261wup\u02c8t\u0361\u0282\u0268t\u0361s\u025b] (Czech: Hlub\u010dice or sparsely Glub\u010dice, German: Leobsch\u00fctz, Silesian German: Lischwitz) is a town in Opole Voivodeship in southern Poland, near the border with the Czech Republic. It is the administrative seat of G\u0142ubczyce County and Gmina G\u0142ubczyce.", "Q26091": "Kevin Gerard Schmidt (born August 16, 1988) is an American actor, known best for his role as Henry in Cheaper by the Dozen and its sequel and as Noah Newman in The Young and the Restless. Schmidt also starred on Cartoon Network's first live-action scripted television series, Unnatural History. Schmidt also co-created, starred in, produced, and directed a cult web-series, Poor Paul. Schmidt continues to write, direct, and act, and has also participated in humanitarian organizations. Schmidt is president of the Conscious Human Initiative, a non-profit entity that intends to alleviate malnutrition worldwide. He played Ryan in Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel.", "Q219237": "Richard Paul Astley (born 6 February 1966) is an English singer, songwriter and radio personality. He rose to fame through his association with the production trio Stock Aitken Waterman; his 1987 recording of their song \"Never Gonna Give You Up\" was a number 1 hit single in 25 countries, winning the 1988 Brit Award for Best British Single. By the time of his retirement in 1993, Astley had sold approximately 40 million records worldwide.Astley made a comeback in 2007, becoming an Internet phenomenon when the music video for \"Never Gonna Give You Up\" became integral to the meme known as \"rickrolling\". Astley was voted \"Best Act Ever\" by Internet users at the MTV Europe Music Awards 2008, and his 2016 album 50 debuted in the UK at No. 1.", "Q548237": "Joan Louise Barfoot (born May 17, 1946) is a Canadian novelist. She has published 11 novels, including Luck (2005), which was a nominee for the 2005 Scotiabank Giller Prize, and Critical Injuries (2001), which was longlisted for the 2002 Man Booker Prize. Her latest novel, Exit Lines, was published in 2009.", "Q48990": "Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov (or Sem\u00ebnov), (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432; 15 April [O.S. 3 April] 1896 \u2013 25 September 1986) was a Russian/Soviet physicist and chemist. Semyonov was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the mechanism of chemical transformation.", "Q623348": "Tomaz Aquino Messias de Bragan\u00e7a (born April 6, 1924 in Bardez (then Portuguese India), died October 19, 1986, Lebombo Mountains, on the South African side) was a Goan physicist, journalist, diplomat and Mozambican social scientist at the Eduardo Mondlane University. He played a leading intellectual and political role in the campaign for the decolonialisation of Mozambique from its colonial power Portugal.", "Q207009": "Ziya Pasha, the pseudonym of Abdul Hamid Ziyaeddin (1825 or 1829, Constantinople \u2013 17 May 1880, Adana), was an Ottoman writer, translator and administrator. He was, along with \u0130brahim \u015einasi and Nam\u0131k Kemal, one of the most important authors during the Tanzimat period of the Ottoman Empire.\nHe held several offices in the state. From 1865, he was a leading member of the reformist secret society known as the Young Ottomans. In 1867, he went with Nam\u0131k Kemal to Paris and London, where he published a newspaper called H\u00fcrriyet (Freedom).\nHis return to the Ottoman Empire was followed by tenures as governor of Cyprus, Amasya, Konya, Aleppo, and Adana, where he died in 1880.\n\n", "Q557317": "German Borisovich Khan (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u0430\u043d; born 24 October 1961) is a Ukrainian-Russian billionaire businessman. After graduating from university in 1988 he worked in a wholesale business selling consumer items, before setting up his own cooperative. He was then appointed the head of the wholesale trade business Alfa Eco as part of the Alfa Group Consortium, by Mikhail Fridman. He became president of Alfa Eco in 1996 and was instrumental in directing the company to focus on export and the oil trade. When Alfa bought Tyumen Oil (TNK) in 1997, he joined the board of directors. He was deputy chairman of TNK Oil Company from 1997 until 2003. In 2003, Khan worked with the other TNK owners to form a 50\u201350 joint venture with British Petroleum (BP), in what was the largest foreign investment in Russia to date, at US$8 billion.TNK-BP became Russia's third largest oil company. In 2013 TNK-BP was sold to Rosneft for US$56 billion, a sale described by Reuters as \"one of the biggest energy takeovers in history.\" Khan joined Mikhail Fridman in establishing LetterOne, based in Luxembourg, for the purpose of investing some of the proceeds from the TNK-BP sale in international projects. LetterOne's L1 Energy fund was founded in 2013. Khan has donated funds to non-profits such as the European Jewish Fund, and co-founded and supports the Genesis Philanthropy Group.", "Q235905": "Melanie Jayne Lynskey (born 16 May 1977) is a New Zealand actress and voice actress. She is the recipient of several accolades, including a New Zealand Film Award, a Hollywood Film Award, and a Sundance Special Jury Award, as well as Critics' Choice Award, Gotham Award and Golden Nymph Award nominations.\nLynskey made her film debut at age 17, starring as a teenage murderer in Heavenly Creatures (1994). After moving to the United States, she built a career playing supporting parts in films such as Ever After (1998), Detroit Rock City, But I'm a Cheerleader (both 1999), Coyote Ugly (2000), Abandon, Sweet Home Alabama (both 2002), Shattered Glass (2003), Flags of Our Fathers (2006), Away We Go, Up in the Air, The Informant!, Leaves of Grass (all 2009), Win Win (2011), Seeking a Friend for the End of the World and The Perks of Being a Wallflower (both 2012).\nLynskey received critical praise for her performance in Hello I Must Be Going (2012), which proved to be a turning point in her career. Subsequent lead roles in Happy Christmas, We'll Never Have Paris (both 2014), The Intervention, Rainbow Time, Little Boxes (all 2016), I Don't Feel at Home in This World Anymore, And Then I Go (both 2017) and Sadie (2018) have established her as a prominent figure in the American independent film community.Outside of film, Lynskey achieved fame with her portrayal of Rose on the sitcom Two and a Half Men (2003\u20132015). From 2015 to 2016, she starred as Michelle Pierson on the HBO series Togetherness, for which she earned a nomination for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She provided the voices of Beatrice for Cartoon Network's Over the Garden Wall (2014) and Megan for Disney XD's Future-Worm! (2016\u20132018). In 2018, she starred as Molly Strand on the Hulu series Castle Rock. Lynskey is engaged to actor Jason Ritter; they have one child.", "Q960640": "Eug\u00e8ne Brieux (French: [b\u0281j\u00f8]; 19 January 1858 \u2013 6 December 1932), French dramatist, was born in Paris of poor parents.", "Q242555": "Mary Willa \"Mamie\" Gummer (born August 3, 1983) is an American actress. She starred in the title role of The CW series Emily Owens, M.D. (2012\u201313), and played the recurring role of Nancy Crozier on The Good Wife (2010\u201315) and its spin-off, The Good Fight (2018). She has also appeared in the films Evening (2007), Side Effects (2013), Cake (2014), and Ricki and the Flash (2015). She was nominated for the 2016 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play for the original production of Ugly Lies the Bone.", "Q167023": "Karel Reisz (21 July 1926 \u2013 25 November 2002) was a Czech-born British filmmaker who was active in post\u2013World War II Britain, and one of the pioneers of the new realist strain in British cinema during the 1950s and 1960s.", "Q376182": "Gerald Dwight \"Wings\" Hauser (born December 12, 1947) is an American actor and occasional director. He received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for his supporting role in Tough Guys Don't Dance (1987).", "Q440119": "Juliette Drouet, born Julienne Josephine Gauvain (10 April 1806 \u2013 11 May 1883), was a French actress. She abandoned her career on the stage after becoming the mistress of Victor Hugo, to whom she acted as a secretary and travelling companion. Juliette accompanied Hugo in his exile to the Channel Islands, and wrote thousands of letters to him throughout her life.", "Q272496": "Julee A. Cruise (born December 1, 1956, Creston, Iowa) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and musician best known for her collaborations with composer Angelo Badalamenti and film director David Lynch in the late 1980s and early 1990s. She has released four albums and collaborated with a variety of other artists. She is best known for her song \"Falling\", the theme song for the television series Twin Peaks. She is married to author and editor Edward Grinnan.", "Q273788": "\u00c9dgar Filiberto Ram\u00edrez Arellano (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8e\u00f0\u0263a\u027e ra\u02c8mi\u027ees], born March 25, 1977) is a Venezuelan actor and former journalist. He played Carlos the Jackal in the 2010 French-German biopic series Carlos, a role for which he won the C\u00e9sar Award for Most Promising Actor at the C\u00e9sar Awards 2011, and was nominated for a Golden Globe and Emmy Award for best actor. He also played Larry, a CIA operative in the film Zero Dark Thirty, Paz\u2014a CIA assassin\u2014in The Bourne Ultimatum, and Roberto Dur\u00e1n, a four-time world-champion boxer and member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, in Hands of Stone. Ram\u00edrez won at the 2012 ALMA Awards for Ares in Wrath of the Titans. He received several award nominations for his portrayal of Gianni Versace in the 2018 miniseries The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story.\nRam\u00edrez studied communications at the Andr\u00e9s Bello Catholic University. He then worked in media and considered becoming a diplomat. When Guillermo Arriaga praised a short film he had done, he decided to pursue his performing hobby as a career.", "Q441207": "Nan Martin (July 15, 1927 \u2013 March 4, 2010) was an American actress who starred in movies and on television.", "Q98019": "Clemens Binninger (born 24 April 1962) is a German politician of the CDU (conservative party). Binninger was a member of the Bundestag from 2002 until 2017.\n\n", "Q2972505": "Central Cemetery of Bogot\u00e1 (Spanish: Cementerio Central de Bogot\u00e1) is one of the main and most famous cemeteries in Colombia located in Bogot\u00e1. Houses several national heroes, poets and former Colombian presidents. It was opened in 1836 and was declared National Monument in 1984. Some of the sculptors of the mausoleums are Tenerani and Sighinolfi.", "Q309756": "Frederick James Prinze Jr. (born March 8, 1976) is an American actor. He has starred in films such as I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997), I Still Know What You Did Last Summer (1998), She's All That (1999), Summer Catch (2001), Scooby-Doo (2002), and its sequel Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004). Prinze has also had recurring and starring roles in television shows, including Friends (2002), Boston Legal (2004), Freddie (2005\u201306) and 24 (2010), and voiced Kanan Jarrus in the Disney XD series Star Wars Rebels.", "Q25598": "Emil and the Detectives (German: Emil und die Detektive) is a 1931 German adventure film directed by Gerhard Lamprecht and starring Rolf Wenkhaus. It is based on the 1929 novel by Erich K\u00e4stner, who also contributed to the film's script. The film script was written by Billy Wilder. It is generally considered to be the best film adaption of Emil and the Detectives.", "Q116802": "Eugen Sutermeister (1862\u20131931) was a Swiss graveur and writer. In 1911, he founded the Sonos Society for people with hearing losses. Since 1912 he was member of the French Academy.", "Q976022": "James Dornan (born 1 May 1982) is an actor, model, and musician from Northern Ireland.\nInitially beginning his career as a model in 2001, he appeared in campaigns for Hugo Boss, Dior Homme, and Calvin Klein. Dubbed \"the Golden Torso\" by The New York Times, he was ranked one of the \"25 Biggest Male Models of All Time\" by Vogue in 2015. In addition, he performed in folk band Sons of Jim until 2008.\nHe began acting in 2006, and earned international recognition for playing Sheriff Graham Humbert in the series Once Upon a Time (2011\u20132013) and serial killer Paul Spector in the crime drama series The Fall (2013\u20132016). He won the Irish Film and Television Award for Best Actor in Television and was nominated for a British Academy Television Award for Best Actor for the latter. In film, he has portrayed Axel von Fersen in Sofia Coppola's Marie Antoinette (2006), Christian Grey in the Fifty Shades franchise (2015\u20132018), and Jan Kubi\u0161 in Anthropoid (2016).", "Q384314": "Ida Dwinger (born 6 March 1957) is a Danish actress.\nShe graduated from Odense Theater School in 1984.\n\n", "Q745967": "Christ Church (Latin: \u00c6des Christi, the temple or house, \u00e6d\u0113s, of Christ, and thus sometimes known as \"The House\") is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Christ Church is a joint foundation of the college and the cathedral of the Oxford diocese (Christ Church Cathedral and its cathedral school), which serves as the college chapel and whose dean is ex officio the college head.Founded in 1546 by King Henry VIII, it is one of the larger colleges of the University of Oxford with 629 students in 2016. It is also the second wealthiest college (after St John's) with an endowment of \u00a3550.3m as of 2018. Christ Church has a number of architecturally significant buildings including Tom Tower (designed by Sir Christopher Wren), Tom Quad (the largest quadrangle in Oxford), and the Great Dining Hall which was also the seat of the parliament assembled by King Charles I during the English Civil War. The buildings have inspired replicas throughout the world in addition to being featured in films such as Harry Potter and The Golden Compass. This has helped Christ Church become the most popular Oxford college for tourists with almost half a million visitors annually.Christ Church has many notable alumni including thirteen British prime ministers (more than any other Oxbridge college), King Edward VII, King William II of the Netherlands, seventeen Archbishops, writers Lewis Carroll (Alice in Wonderland) and W. H. Auden, philosopher John Locke, and scientist Robert Hooke. Christ Church is also partly responsible for the creation of University College Reading, which later gained its own Royal Charter and became the University of Reading. The first female undergraduates matriculated at Christ Church in 1980.", "Q437391": "Carlos Rico Walker (March 31, 1976 \u2013 September 21, 2016), better known as Shawty Lo, was an American rapper, record producer, and executive from Atlanta, Georgia.\nHe initially came to prominence as a founding member of the Southern hip hop group D4L, and in 2000 founded D4L Records. The group reached national status in 2005 when their single \"Laffy Taffy\" topped the Billboard Hot 100 and went on to be certified 3x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).\nIn 2007, he began pursuing a solo career, releasing his debut single \"Dey Know\", which was included on his solo debut album Units in the City, released in February 2008. His second studio album, R.I.C.O., was released posthumously in March 2017.\nWalker died in a car accident on September 21, 2016.", "Q1531283": "Otto Moritz (I) Ludwig von Engelhardt (December 9 [O.S. November 28] 1779 - February 10 [O.S. January 29] 1842) was a Baltic German mineralogist. He was a member of the Engelhardt family.", "Q1444608": "George Melville Cooper (15 October 1896 \u2013 13 March 1973) was an English stage, film and television actor. His many notable screen roles include the High Sheriff of Nottingham in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), Mr. Collins in Pride and Prejudice (1940) and the wedding-rehearsal supervisor Mr. Tringle in Father of the Bride (1950).", "Q90323": "Hans Grimm (22 March 1875 \u2013 29 September 1959) was a German writer. The title of his 1926 novel Volk ohne Raum became a political slogan of the expansionist Nazi Lebensraum concept.", "Q1142924": "The University of Malaya (UM) (Malay: Universiti Malaya) is a public research university located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is one of the top 100 universities in the world. It is also the oldest university in Malaysia and is the highest ranking Malaysian institution of higher education according to several international ranking agencies. The university has graduated three prime ministers of Malaysia, and other political, business, and cultural figures of national prominence.\nThe predecessor of the university, King Edward VII College of Medicine, was established on 28 September 1905 in Singapore, then a territory of the British Empire. In October 1949, the merger of the King Edward VII College of Medicine and Raffles College created the university. Rapid growth during its first decade caused the university to organize as two autonomous divisions on 15 January 1959, one located in Singapore and the other in Kuala Lumpur. In 1960, the government of Malaysia indicated that these two divisions should become autonomous and separate national universities. One branch was located in Singapore, later becoming the National University of Singapore after the independence of Singapore from Malaysia, and the other branch was located in Kuala Lumpur, retaining the name University of Malaya. Legislation was passed in 1961 and the University of Malaya was established on 1 January 1962. In 2012, UM was granted autonomy by the Ministry of Higher Education.Today, UM has more than 2,500 faculty members and is divided into 12 faculties, two academies and three academic centres. \nIn QS World University Rankings 2020, UM ranked 70th in the world, 13th in Asia, 3rd in Southeast Asia and the highest ranked learning institution in Malaysia.", "Q2962070": "In film and television, a production designer (PD) is the person responsible for the overall visual look of the story. The production design gives the viewers a sense of the time period, the location where the protagonist is existing, what the characters are doing or feeling and why. Working directly with the director, cinematographer, and producer, they have a key creative role in the creation of motion pictures and television. The term production designer was coined by William Cameron Menzies while he was working on the film Gone with the Wind. Previously (and often subsequently) the people with the same responsibilities were called art directors; however, accurately, production designers decide the visual concept and manage the budget to create it while the art directors manage the process of making the visuals, which is done by graphic designers, set designers, costume designers, lighting designers, etc.", "Q65802": "H\u00fcttlingen is a municipality in the district of Frauenfeld, in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q156598": "Leiden University (commonly abbreviated as LEI; Dutch: Universiteit Leiden) is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. Founded in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange as a reward to the town of Leiden for its defense against Spanish attacks during the Eighty Years' War, it is the oldest institution of higher education in the Netherlands.Known for its historic foundations and emphasis on the social sciences, the university came into particular prominence during the Dutch Golden Age, when scholars from around Europe were attracted to the Dutch Republic due to its climate of intellectual tolerance and Leiden's international reputation. During this time, Leiden became the home to individuals such as Ren\u00e9 Descartes, Rembrandt, Christiaan Huygens, Hugo Grotius, Baruch Spinoza and Baron d'Holbach.\nThe university has seven academic faculties and over fifty subject departments while housing more than 40 national and international research institutes. Its historical primary campus consists of buildings scattered across the college town of Leiden, while a second campus located in The Hague houses a liberal arts college and several of its faculties. It is a member of the Coimbra Group, the Europaeum, and a founding member of the League of European Research Universities.\nLeiden University has been placed in the top 100 universities in the world by three major ranking tables. It was placed top 50 worldwide in thirteen fields of study in the 2020 QS World University Rankings: classics & ancient history, politics, archaeology, anthropology, history, pharmacology, law, public policy, religious studies, arts & humanities, linguistics, modern languages and sociology.The school has produced twenty-one Spinoza Prize Laureates and sixteen Nobel Laureates, including Enrico Fermi and Albert Einstein. It is closely associated with the Dutch Royal Family, with Queen Juliana, Queen Beatrix and King Willem-Alexander being former alumni. Ten prime ministers of the Netherlands were also Leiden University alumnus, including incumbent Prime Minister Mark Rutte. Internationally, it is associated with nine foreign leaders, among them John Quincy Adams (the 6th President of the United States), a NATO Secretary General, a President of the International Court of Justice, and a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.", "Q722042": "Percy Robert Miller (born April 29, 1969), also known by his stage name Master P, is an American rapper, actor, record producer, philanthropist, and former basketball player. He is the founder of the record label No Limit Records, which was relaunched as New No Limit Records through Universal Records and Koch Records, then again as Guttar Music Entertainment, and currently, No Limit Forever Records. He is the founder and CEO of P. Miller Enterprises and Better Black Television, which was a short-lived online television network. \nMiller initially gained fame in the mid-1990s with the success of his hip hop music group TRU as well as his fifth solo rap album Ice Cream Man, which contained his first single \"Mr. Ice Cream Man\". Miller gained further popularity in 1997 after the success of his platinum single \"Make 'Em Say Uhh!\". In total, Miller has gone on to release 15 studio albums.\nAside from music, Miller has embarked on a career in acting, starring in films, including I Got the Hook Up, Soccer Mom, Gone in 60 Seconds, Toxic, and Foolish. Miller has worked in television, starring in the sitcom Romeo! alongside his son Romeo Miller from 2003 to 2006.\nMiller was signed to two separate NBA contracts in the late 1990s, playing for both the Charlotte Hornets and Toronto Raptors during the 1998 and 1999 pre-season respectively. Miller owns his own basketball league, Global Mixed Gender Basketball (GMGB).", "Q99461": "Max Wilhelm August Heldt was a German politician who served as the Minister-President of Saxony from 1924 to 1929.", "Q3173358": "Jean Mantelet (1900\u201319 January 1991) was a French inventor and industrialist who founded the kitchen appliance company Moulinex.", "Q89672": "Laura Tonke (born 14 April 1974 in Berlin) is a German actress.\n\n", "Q204266": "Toyama (\u5bcc\u5c71\u5e02, Toyama-shi, Japanese: [to\ua71cjama]) is the capital city of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, located on the coast of the Sea of Japan in the Ch\u016bbu region on central Honsh\u016b, about 200 km (120 mi) north of the city of Nagoya and 300 km (190 mi) northwest of Tokyo. As of 1 June 2019, the city had an estimated population of 415,844 in 176,643 households, and a population density of 335 persons per km\u00b2. Its total area was 1,241.77 square kilometres (479.45 sq mi).\nThe city has been designated an environmental model city by the national government for its efforts to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.", "Q256246": "Jeong Yakyong / Jung Yak-Yong (5 August 1762 \u2013 7 April 1836), often simply known as \u2018Dasan\u2019 (\u8336\u5c71, one of his \u2018ho\u2019 / pen-names meaning \u2018the mountain of tea\u2019), was born on the 16th day of the 6th lunar month, 1762, in Gwangju county, Gyeonggi province, and died there on the 22nd day of the 2nd lunar month, 1836. He was one of the greatest thinkers of the later Joseon period, wrote highly influential books about philosophy, science and theories of government, held significant administrative positions, was a close confidant of King Jeongjo (ruled 1776-1800), and was noted as a poet. His philosophical position is often identified with the Silhak (practical learning) school, and his concerns are better seen as explorations of Neo-Confucian themes. He spent 18 years in exile in Gangjin, South Jeolla province, from 1801 until 1818, on account of his membership of the Southerners (Nam-in) faction, and also because of the Catholic faith of his elder brother. His clan originated in Naju, South Jeolla Province. At birth he was given the courtesy title (\u521d\u5b57 choja) Gwi\u2019nong (\u6b78\u8fb2), and later he was also known by the ja Miyong (\u7f8e\u93de) and Songbu (\u980c\u752b)\u7f8e\u5eb8); among his ho (\u865f, pen-names) were Saam (\u4fdf\u83f4), Tagong (\u7c5c\u7fc1), Taesu (\u82d4\u53df), Jahadoin (\u7d2b\u971e\u9053\u4eba), Cheolmasanin (\u9435\u99ac\u5c71\u4eba), Dasan (\u8336\u5c71), Yeoyudang (\u8207\u7336\u5802, the name of his house), and Mundo (\u6587\u5ea6, his name as a poet). Korean Catholics sometimes claim that he was baptized with the name John Baptist, but there is no documentary proof of this.", "Q5729829": "Henry Warburton (12 November 1784 \u2013 16 September 1858) was an English merchant and politician, and also an enthusiastic amateur scientist.\nElected as Member of Parliament for Bridport, Dorset, in the 1826 general election, he held the seat for 15 years until his resignation from the House of Commons in 1841. He was returned to the Commons at a by-election in November 1843, for Kendal, but did not seek re-election in 1847.On Parliament he was active in the reform of bankruptcy, the repeal of stamp duty on newspapers, introduction of the penny post and in the campaigns of the Anti-Corn Law League.", "Q579954": "Chothsind was a daughter of Ingund and King Chlothar I, who was himself one of four sons of King Clovis I. She was the first wife of Alboin King of the Lombards. According to Paul the Deacon, she had one child by Alboin, Albsuinda.", "Q770062": "Suad Amiry (Arabic: \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u200e) (born 1951) is an author and architect living in the West Bank city of Ramallah. She studied architecture at the American University of Beirut, the University of Michigan, and the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. Her parents went from Palestine to Amman, Jordan. She was brought up there and went to Lebanon's capital of Beirut to study architecture. When she returned to Ramallah as a tourist in 1981, she met Salim Tamari, whom she married later, and stayed.\nHer book Sharon and My Mother-in-Law has been translated into 19 languages, the last one in Arabic, which was a bestseller in France, and was awarded in 2004 the prestigious Viareggio Prize in Italy together with Italo-Israeli Manuela Dviri, a journalist, playwright, and writer whose son was killed by a Hezbollah rocket.\nFrom 1991 to 1993 Amiry was a member of a Palestinian peace delegation in Washington, D.C.. She is engaged in some major peace initiatives of Palestinian and Israeli women.\nShe is Director and founder of the Riwaq Centre for Architectural Conservation, the center was founded in 1991; the first of its kind to work on the rehabilitation and protection of architectural heritage in Palestine.\nAmiry was a member of staff at Birzeit University until 1991 [1], since then she has worked for Riwaq where she is the director [2]. She was appointed as a vice-chairperson of the Board of Trustees of Birzeit University [3] in 2006.", "Q219551": "Ferruccio Busoni (1 April 1866 \u2013 27 July 1924) was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor, editor, writer, and teacher. His international career and reputation led him to work closely with many of the leading musicians, artists and literary figures of his time, and he was a sought-after keyboard instructor and a teacher of composition.\nFrom an early age, Busoni was an outstanding if sometimes controversial pianist. He studied at the Vienna Conservatory and then with Wilhelm Mayer and Carl Reinecke. After brief periods teaching in Helsinki, Boston, and Moscow, he devoted himself to composing, teaching, and touring as a virtuoso pianist in Europe and the United States. His writings on music were influential, and covered not only aesthetics but considerations of microtones and other innovative topics. He was based in Berlin from 1894 but spent much of World War I in Switzerland.\nHe began composing in his early years in a late romantic style, but after 1907, when he published his Sketch of a New Esthetic of Music, he developed a more individual style, often with elements of atonality. His visits to America led to interest in North American indigenous tribal melodies which were reflected in some of his works. His compositions include works for piano, among them a monumental Piano Concerto, and transcriptions of the works of others, notably Johann Sebastian Bach (published as the Bach-Busoni Editions). He also wrote chamber music, vocal and orchestral works, and operas\u2014one of which, Doktor Faust, he left unfinished when he died, in Berlin, at the age of 58.", "Q4465": "Sir Peter Robert Jackson (born 31 October 1961) is a New Zealand film director, screenwriter, and film producer. He is best known as the director, writer, and producer of the Lord of the Rings trilogy (2001\u201303) and the Hobbit trilogy (2012\u201314), both of which are adapted from the novels of the same name by J. R. R. Tolkien. Other films include the critically lauded drama Heavenly Creatures (1994), the mockumentary film Forgotten Silver (1995), the horror comedy The Frighteners (1996), the epic monster remake film King Kong (2005), the supernatural drama film The Lovely Bones (2009), and the World War I documentary film They Shall Not Grow Old (2018). He produced District 9 (2009), The Adventures of Tintin (2011), West of Memphis (2012), and Mortal Engines (2018). He is the third-highest-grossing film director of all-time, his films having made over $6.5 billion worldwide.Jackson began his career with the \"splatstick\" horror comedy Bad Taste (1987) and the black comedy Meet the Feebles (1989) before filming the zombie comedy Braindead (1992). He shared a nomination for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay with his partner Fran Walsh for Heavenly Creatures, which brought him to mainstream prominence in the film industry. Jackson has been awarded three Academy Awards for The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), including the award for Best Director. His other awards include a Golden Globe, four Saturn Awards and three BAFTAs among others.\nHis production company is WingNut Films, and his most regular collaborators are co-writers and producers Walsh and Philippa Boyens. Jackson was made a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit in 2002. He was later knighted (as a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit) by Anand Satyanand, the Governor-General of New Zealand, at a ceremony in Wellington in April 2010. In December 2014, Jackson was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.\n\n", "Q729117": "Edmund Valentine White III (born January 13, 1940) is an American novelist, memoirist, and an essayist on literary and social topics. Much of his writing is on the theme of same-sex love. His books include The Joy of Gay Sex (1977) (written with Charles Silverstein), his trio of autobiographic novels, A Boy's Own Story (1982), The Beautiful Room Is Empty (1988) and The Farewell Symphony (1997), and his biography of Jean Genet.", "Q50661": "Kaya Yanar (born 20 May 1973 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany) is a German comedian, best known for his comedy show Was guckst du?! (Whaddaya lookin' at?!).", "Q120426": "Bernd Herzsprung (born March 22, 1942 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German television actor.\nHerzsprung completed his acting training with Joseph Offenbach and then played in theaters in Hamburg (including the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in The Captain of K\u00f6penick with Werner Hinz, the Ernst Deutsch Theater in Tom Stoppard's Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead) and other cities. On stage, his domain is the Boulevard theatre (Charley's Aunt).\nIn 1967 he gave his film debut in Wilder Reiter GmbH, directed by Franz-Josef Spieker. Other movies followed, like The Flying Classroom in 1973 and Deutschlandlied (Ernst Witzel, 1984).\nBut Herzsprung was best known for his television roles. Since the late 1960s he played primarily in crime series such as Dem T\u00e4ter auf der Spur, Der Kommissar, Derrick, Der Alte, Sonderdezernat K1, Ein Fall f\u00fcr zwei or Tatort. Since 1978 he played in the ZDF - TV series SOKO 5113 and 1994 he changed to the series Freunde f\u00fcrs Leben (until 2000). In the ARD television series Familie Dr. Kleist, he played the role of the mayor of Eisenach. In the comedy Hengstparade he played alongside Christiane H\u00f6rbiger and Michael Mendl.\nHerzsprung was married from 1979 until 2008. Of his two daughters with Barbara Engel, Hannah Herzsprung is also an actress.\nIn 2011 he was a candidate in the RTL format Let's Dance. On 20 April 2011, he was eliminated after a samba in sixth position.", "Q88544": "G\u00e9rard Herter, also known as Gerhard Haerter, Gerard Haerther, Gerald Herter, Gerard Herter, and Gerhard Herter (born 12 April 1920 in Stuttgart, died 6 February 2007 in Munich) was a German actor of the 1950s and 1960 who played many villains, especially Prussian types, in spaghetti westerns. He made his film debut in Caltiki - il mostro immortale in 1959. His last credited appearance was in Ludwig in 1972.", "Q205150": "The National Rally (French: Rassemblement national, pronounced [\u0281as\u0251\u0303bl\u0259m\u0251\u0303 nasj\u0254nal]; RN), until June 2018 known as the National Front (French: Front national, pronounced [f\u0281\u0254\u0303 nasj\u0254nal]; FN), is a right-wing populist and nationalist political party in France. Although most political commentators place the RN on the far-right, other sources suggest that the party's position on the political spectrum has become more difficult to define clearly. Owing to the French electoral system, the party's representation in public office has been limited despite its significant share of the vote. Its major policies include opposition to French membership in NATO, European Union, the Schengen Area, and the Eurozone. As an anti-European Union party, the National Rally has opposed the European Union since its creation. The party also supports greater government intervention in the economy, protectionism, a zero tolerance approach to law and order, and significant cuts to legal immigration.The party was founded in 1972 to unify a variety of French nationalist movements of the time. Jean-Marie Le Pen was the party's first leader and the undisputed centre of the party from its start until his resignation in 2011. While the party struggled as a marginal force for its first ten years, since 1984 it has been the major force of French nationalism. The 2002 presidential election was not the first in France to include a National Front candidate. In 1988, Jean-Marie Le Pen attracted 14.39% of the votes while seven years later he received 15 percent of the votes. However, in 2002, the Front National leader came second in the first round and in the run-off, he finished a distant second to Jacques Chirac. His daughter Marine Le Pen was elected to succeed him. In April 2017, she temporarily stepped down in order to concentrate on being the presidential candidate and to unite voters.While her father was nicknamed the \"Devil of the Republic\" by mainstream media and sparked outrage for hate speech, including Holocaust revisionism, Islamophobia, Marine Le Pen pursued a policy of \"de-demonisation\" of the party by softening its image. She endeavoured to extract it from its far-right cultural roots, and to normalise it by giving it a culture of government, and censuring controversial members like her father, who was suspended, and then expelled from the party in 2015. Since her election as the leader of the party in 2011, the popularity of the FN continued to grow apace as the party won several municipalities at the 2014 municipal elections; it topped the poll in France at the 2014 European elections with 25% of the vote; and again won more votes than any other party in the 2015 departmental elections. The party once again came in first place in the 2015 regional elections with a historic result of just under 28% of the vote. By 2015, the FN had established itself as one of the largest political forces in France, unusually being both most popular and most controversial political party.At the party congress on 11 March 2018, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party to Rassemblement national (National Rally), pending approval by a vote of party members. On 1 June 2018, she announced the renaming of the party after its approval by 80.81% of the party's adherents.", "Q316138": "Michael John Moorcock (born 18 December 1939) is an English writer and musician, primarily of science fiction and fantasy, who has also published literary novels. He is best known for his novels about the character Elric of Melnibon\u00e9, a seminal influence on the field of fantasy since the 1960s and '70s.\nAs editor of the British science fiction magazine New Worlds, from May 1964 until March 1971 and then again from 1976 to 1996, Moorcock fostered the development of the science fiction \"New Wave\" in the UK and indirectly in the United States, leading to the advent of cyberpunk. His publication of Bug Jack Barron (1969) by Norman Spinrad as a serial novel was notorious; in Parliament some British MPs condemned the Arts Council for funding the magazine. He is also a successful recording musician, contributing to the bands Hawkwind, Blue \u00d6yster Cult and his own project.\nIn 2008, The Times named Moorcock in its list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\".", "Q8277": "Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to transmit signals, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems. Specific symptoms can include double vision, blindness in one eye, muscle weakness and trouble with sensation or coordination. MS takes several forms, with new symptoms either occurring in isolated attacks (relapsing forms) or building up over time (progressive forms). Between attacks, symptoms may disappear completely; however, permanent neurological problems often remain, especially with the advancement of the disease.While the cause is unclear, the underlying mechanism is thought to be either destruction by the immune system or failure of the myelin-producing cells. Proposed causes for this include genetics and environmental factors such as being triggered by a viral infection. MS is usually diagnosed based on the presenting signs and symptoms and the results of supporting medical tests.There is no known cure for multiple sclerosis. Treatments attempt to improve function after an attack and prevent new attacks. Medications used to treat MS, while modestly effective, can have side effects and be poorly tolerated. Physical therapy can help with people's ability to function. Many people pursue alternative treatments, despite a lack of evidence of benefit. The long-term outcome is difficult to predict, with good outcomes more often seen in women, those who develop the disease early in life, those with a relapsing course and those who initially experienced few attacks. Life expectancy is on average 5 to 10 years lower than that of the unaffected population.Multiple sclerosis is the most common immune-mediated disorder affecting the central nervous system. In 2015, about 2.3 million people were affected globally, with rates varying widely in different regions and among different populations. In that year, about 18,900 people died from MS, up from 12,000 in 1990. The disease usually begins between the ages of 20 and 50 and is twice as common in women as in men. MS was first described in 1868 by French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot. The name multiple sclerosis refers to the numerous glial scars (or sclerae \u2013 essentially plaques or lesions) that develop on the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. A number of new treatments and diagnostic methods are under development.", "Q1539191": "Gottfried Grote (15 May 1903 \u2013 July 1976) was a German church musician.\nBorn in Oberfrohna, Grote was from 1926 to 1935 organist and choir director of the Bach-Verein (Bach association) in Wuppertal, which later was named Wupperfelder Kantorei (Wupperfeld chorale). From 1935 he was director of the Spandauer Kirchenmusikschule (Spandau school of church music. Grote also became a professor at the Berlin Conservatory. From 1955 he was the conductor of the Staats- und Domchor Berlin (State and cathedral choir Berlin). He is best known as editor of the collection of hymns Das Geistliche Chorlied (The sacred choral song), nicknamed after him \"Der Grote\".\nGrote was a particular admirer of Heinrich Sch\u00fctz. He arranged in Wupperfeld the third festival Heinrich-Sch\u00fctz-Fest. He died in Berlin. Pupils of Gottfried Grote have included Ewald Dorfm\u00fcller and Erhard Egidi.", "Q176660": "36 Fillette (known as Virgin or Junior Size 36 in English) is a 1988 French film starring Delphine Zentout and Oliver Parniere, directed by Catherine Breillat. It is the story of a sexually curious and rebellious 14-year-old (played by 16-year-old Zentout) who has an emotionally charged and dually manipulative relationship with an aging playboy.\nBreillat is known for films focusing on sexuality, intimacy, gender conflict and sibling rivalry. Breillat has been the subject of controversy for her explicit depictions of sexuality. Zentout had many topless, nude and explicit scenes in the movie.", "Q98757": "Wolfgang Freiherr von Stetten (born 22 January 1941 in Niederwartha) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU). He served as Member of Parliament (the Bundestag) from 1990 to 2002. He represented the constituency of Schw\u00e4bisch Hall \u2013 Hohenlohe, and was succeeded by his son Christian von Stetten.Wolfgang von Stetten earned a doctorate in law in 1972, with the dissertation Die Rechtsstellung der freien unmittelbaren Reichsritterschaft, ihre Mediatisierung und ihre Stellung in den neuen Landen. From 1974 to 1984, he was a judge, and from 1984 to 1991, he served as Professor of Law at Heilbronn College. He is a member of the noble Franconian Stetten family, and owns his family seat, Schloss Stetten.\nAs a member of parliament, he served on the justice committee and as CDU/CSU spokesman for several years. He founded the German-Baltic Parliamentary Association in 1991 and served as its chair to 2002. The association supported the independence of the Baltic countries from the Soviet Union, and their membership in NATO and the European Union. From 1997 to 2001, he served as President of Studienzentrum Weikersheim. He has been the Lithuanian Consul in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg since 2004. He is also an active member of several charitable societies.\n\n", "Q97464": "Georg Pictorius of Villingen (c. 1500 \u2013 1569) was a physician and an author of the German Renaissance.\nHe became active as a physician from 1540 in Ensisheim. In his book on magic, he condemns witchcraft, endorsing the witch-trials of his time: \"if the witches are not burned, the number of these furies swells up in such an immense sea that no one could live safe from their spells and charms.\" (Midelfort p. 59) \nHis gynecological Frauenzimmer gives cosmetic advice for women, from the suppression of unpleasant scents to the shaping of their bosom (Walter, p. 372f.)\nworks:\n\n1532 Theologia mythologica\nIsagoge, the fourth book in the collection published as the Fourth Book of Occult Philosophy by Henry Cornelius Agrippa\n1555 Lasz B\u00fcchlin, on bloodletting\n1560 Baderb\u00fcchlin, on balneotherapy\nVon den Gattungen der Ceremonialmagie (Goetie) (Eng. Of the Kinds of Ceremonial Magic (Goetia)), ed. Das Kloster (1846)", "Q182087": "William Ross (Bill) Cotter (July 18, 1926 \u2013 September 8, 1981) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Connecticut.\nHe was born in Hartford, Connecticut and graduated from Trinity College in 1949.\nIn 1953, he was elected to the city's court of common council and from 1955\u20131957 served as an aide to Governor Abraham Ribicoff.\nHe then served as Connecticut's deputy insurance commissioner from 1957 to 1964 and as insurance commissioner from 1964 through 1970.\nHe was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-second and to the five succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1971, until his death from pancreatic cancer in East Lyme, Connecticut on September 8, 1981. In 1982, the William R. Cotter Federal Building at Hartford was named in his honor.", "Q394649": "Agnes Smedley (February 23, 1892 \u2013 May 6, 1950) was an American journalist and writer, well known for her semi-autobiographical novel Daughter of Earth as well as for her sympathetic chronicling of the Communist forces in the Chinese Civil War. During World War I, she worked in the United States for the independence of India from the United Kingdom, receiving financial support from the government of Germany. Subsequently, she went to China, where she is suspected of acting as a spy for the Comintern. As the lover of Soviet spy Richard Sorge in Shanghai in the early 1930s, she helped get him established for his final and greatest work as spymaster in Tokyo. She also worked on behalf of various causes including women's rights, birth control, and children's welfare. Smedley wrote six books, including a novel, reportage, and a biography of the Chinese general Zhu De, reported for newspapers such as New York Call, Frankfurter Zeitung and Manchester Guardian, and wrote for periodicals such as the Modern Review, New Masses, Asia, New Republic, and Nation.", "Q331587": "Richard Philip Lewis (born June 29, 1947) is an American stand-up comedian and actor.\nHe came to prominence in the 1980s as a comedian specializing in self-deprecating humor before turning to acting. He is known for co-starring in the comedy series Anything but Love (1989\u201392) and for his recurring and semi-autobiographical role in Curb Your Enthusiasm (2000\u2013present).", "Q127349": "Jos\u00e9 Echegaray y Eizaguirre (19 April 1832 \u2013 4 September 1916) was a Spanish civil engineer, mathematician, statesman, and one of the leading Spanish dramatists of the last quarter of the 19th century. He was awarded the 1904 Nobel Prize for Literature \"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama\".", "Q129364": "Peter H. Wyden (October 2, 1923 \u2013 June 27, 1998) was an American journalist and writer.", "Q968552": "Richard \"Rick\" William Wills (born 5 December 1947) is a British bass guitarist. He is best known for his work with the rock band Foreigner and his associations with the Small Faces, Peter Frampton and Bad Company.", "Q116194": "Yossi Peled (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9 \u05e4\u05dc\u05d3, born 18 January 1941) is an Israeli general and politician, the former Aluf of the Northern Command in the Israel Defense Forces.\n\n", "Q554150": "Saint Alberto Hurtado Cruchaga, S.J. (American Spanish: [al\u02c8\u03b2e\u027eto u\u027e\u02c8ta\u00f0o]; born Luis Alberto Hurtado Cruchaga on January 22, 1901 in Vi\u00f1a del Mar, Chile \u2013 August 18, 1952 in Santiago, Chile), popularly known in Chile as Padre Hurtado (Spanish: Father Hurtado), was a Chilean Jesuit priest, lawyer, social worker, and writer, of Basque ancestry. He founded the Hogar de Cristo foundation in 1944. He was canonized on October 23, 2005, by Pope Benedict XVI, becoming his country's second saint.\n\n", "Q86569": "Lilian Faschinger (born 29 April 1950 in Tsch\u00f6ran, Carinthia) is an Austrian novelist, short story writer, poet, and literary translator.\nFaschinger studied literature, history, and English at the University of Graz, earning a doctorate in English literature.\nFaschinger's first novel Die neue Scheherazade (The New Scheherazade) attracted considerable critical recognition when it appeared in 1986. Her second novel, Lustspiel, appeared in 1989, followed by two collections of short stories (Frau mit drei Flugzeugen (Woman with Three Airplanes) in 1993 and Spr\u00fcnge in 1994). Her most recent novels are Magdalena S\u00fcnderin (Magdalena the Sinner, 1995) and Wiener Passion (Viennese Passion, 1999). She won international recognition with her novel Magdalena S\u00fcnderin (1995), which was translated into 17 languages. Her fiction includes a feminist critique of Austrian society and customs. Faschinger asserts the importance of writing as a means of empowering women.In addition to fiction, Faschinger has written and published poetry. Her translations of Gertrude Stein, Paul Bowles, and others have also earned critical acclaim.Faschinger lives in Vienna.", "Q4919764": "Bj\u00f6rn Gustaf Prytz (2 April 1887 \u2013 22 June 1976) was a Swedish industrialist in the early 1900s and from 1938 to 1946 Minister Plenipotentiary in London for the Swedish government.\nPrytz, whose mother was British, spent much of his youth in London and attended Dulwich College from 1898\u20131902.He was employed 1913 at S.K.F. as marketing manager. He became managing director for S.K.F. around 1921\u201322. Bj\u00f6rn Prytz was the man behind the name Volvo during the time he was the managing director for SKF sales company in America 1914\u201318. Volvo was registered as a trademark, as well as a subsidiary company to SKF, in May 1915 (the application for Volvo as a trademark was sent to PRV on May 11), with the intention to use it for a new developed low-price ball bearing for the automobile industry in the America. However, these plans were never realized and the SKF name and logotype (as it looks today) was used instead for all type of bearings produced by SKF. The name and company Volvo was almost forgotten but came into use when the SKF employee Assar Gabrielsson (SKF sales manager) and engineer Gustav Larson finally had succeeded to convince SKF that they should start to manufacture automobiles within SKF. AB Volvo, as an automobile company, was founded 10 August 1926 at a board meeting held in Hofors when SKF decided to invest in the company and use it as a subsidiary company within the SKF-group.\nOn 17 June 1940 he had a meeting with the British Foreign Office Minister Rab Butler, at which the possibility of Britain making a compromise peace was discussed. The details of this meeting were reported in a telegram sent to the Swedish government the same day. This exposure of the defeatist tendencies of some members of the Cabinet deeply embarrassed the British government. Butler and Lord Halifax claimed that Prytz had misconstrued their position, but this does not appear to have been the case.", "Q598228": "Froyl\u00e1n Turcios (July 7, 1875 \u2013 November 19, 1943) was a Honduran writer, journalist and politician. He is considered one of the most important Honduran intellectuals of the early 20th century.", "Q74927": "Margit N\u00fcnke (15 November 1930, in Stettin \u2013 10 January 2015, in Munich) was a German beauty pageant winner, model and actress.", "Q784875": "James Alfred Smith Preston (August 18, 1913 \u2013 December 17, 1984), known as Jimmy Preston, was an American R&B bandleader, alto saxophonist, drummer and singer who made an important contribution to early rock and roll.", "Q60952": "Albert of Riga or Albert of Livonia or Albrecht (Latvian: Alberts fon Buksth\u0113vdens; German: Albert von Buxthoeven; c.1165 \u2013 17 January 1229) was the third Bishop of Riga in Livonia. In 1201 he allegedly founded Riga, the modern capital of Latvia, and built the city's cathedral in 1221.\nAlbert headed the armed forces that forcibly converted the eastern Baltic region to Catholic faith, in the nature of a crusade that was undertaken while the Fourth Crusade was sacking the Christian Byzantine capitol of Constantinople.\nAlbert was born in Bexh\u00f6vede, a part of Loxstedt. He and his brother Hermann were members of the powerful Buxhoeveden family from Bexh\u00f6vede, now a part of Loxstedt, Lower Saxony. Because of this he has also been known as Albert of Buxhoeveden (or Bexh\u00f6vede, Buxh\u00f6vden, Buxh\u00f6wde, Buxthoeven, Appeldern).\nAlbert was a canon in Bremen when his uncle Hartwig, Archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg, named him Bishop of Livonia, provided that he could conquer and hold it, and convince the pagan inhabitants to become Christians. The patent was granted 28 March 1199, and by the beginning of spring 1200 he embarked with a Baltic fleet of 23 vessels and more than 1,500 armed crusaders. He had the support of the Hohenstaufen German King, Philip of Swabia, and the more distant blessing of Pope Innocent III.\nTogether with merchants from the Baltic Sea island of Gotland, Albert founded Riga in 1201, where a small community of Hanseatic traders from L\u00fcbeck held a tentative trading encampment. He successfully converted many Livs under their leader Caupo, offering them protection against neighboring Lithuanian and Estonian tribes; Albert also subjugated Latvian principalities of Koknese, Jersika and T\u0101lava later on. The conquest of Livonia in full occupied almost three decades of his life.\nAlbert created a military order, the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, and began to build his cathedral in 1215. King Philip made him a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, with Livonia for a fief, and thus Albert became a \"Prince-Bishop\". In 1225 King Henry (VII) of Germany confirmed the title of Prince for Albert and his brother, Hermann. Albert declared his diocese independent of Bremen, and later Riga was raised to an archbishopric.\nA first-hand account of Albert is in the contemporary Livonian Chronicle of Henry by Henry of Latvia.\nAlbert died in Riga in 1229, but, as a Catholic Bishop, left no descendants. He was venerated as a Catholic saint until the Protestant Reformation. The present-day \"von Buxhoeveden\" are descendants of his cousin Johannes von Buxhoeveden. Albert's brother Theodoricus is the progenitor of the family de Raupena (de Ropa, known today as \"von der Ropp\") that founded manors in Livonia and Courland.\nAlbert Street in Riga is named after Bishop Albert. It is known for its Art Nouveau apartment buildings, many of them designed by the architect Mikhail Eisenstein.", "Q237684": "Nancy Louise Huston, OC (born September 16, 1953) is a Canadian-born novelist and essayist who writes primarily in French and translates her own works into English.", "Q95273": "Juliane Koepcke (born October 10, 1954), also known by her married name Juliane Diller, is a German Peruvian mammalogist. As a teenager in 1971, Koepcke was the lone survivor of the LANSA Flight 508 plane crash, then survived eleven days alone in the Amazon rainforest.", "Q5753": "Samarkand (; Uzbek: Samarqand; Persian: \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f\u200e; Russian: \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434), alternatively Samarqand, is a city in south-eastern Uzbekistan and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia. There is evidence of human activity in the area of the city from the late Paleolithic era, though there is no direct evidence of when Samarkand was founded; some theories propose that it was founded between the 8th and 7th centuries B.C. Prospering from its location on the Silk Road between China and the Mediterranean, at times Samarkand was one of the greatest cities of Central Asia.By the time of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia, it was the capital of the Sogdian satrapy. The city was taken by Alexander the Great in 329 BC, when it was known by its Greek name of Marakanda (\u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b1). The city was ruled by a succession of Iranian and Turkic rulers until the Mongols under Genghis Khan conquered Samarkand in 1220. Today, Samarkand is the capital of Samarqand Region and one of the largest cities of Uzbekistan.The city is noted for being an Islamic center for scholarly study and the birthplace of the Timurid Renaissance. In the 14th century it became the capital of the empire of Timur (Tamerlane) and is the site of his mausoleum (the Gur-e Amir). The Bibi-Khanym Mosque, rebuilt during the Soviet era, remains one of the city's most notable landmarks. Samarkand's Registan square was the ancient centre of the city, and is bound by three monumental religious buildings. The city has carefully preserved the traditions of ancient crafts: embroidery, gold embroidery, silk weaving, engraving on copper, ceramics, carving and painting on wood. In 2001, UNESCO added the city to its World Heritage List as Samarkand \u2013 Crossroads of Cultures.\nModern Samarkand is divided into two parts: the old city, and the new city developed during the days of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. The old city includes historical monuments, shops and old private houses, while the new city includes administrative buildings along with cultural centres and educational institutions.", "Q1822886": "The Imperial Liberal Party (German: Liberale Reichspartei) was a political party in Germany during the 1870s.", "Q313040": "James Allen Whitmore Jr. (October 1, 1921 \u2013 February 6, 2009) was an American film, theatre, and television actor. During his career, Whitmore won three of the four EGOT honors: a Tony, a Grammy, and an Emmy. Whitmore also won a Golden Globe and was nominated for two Academy Awards.", "Q548579": "Raymond Bourgine (1925-1990) was a French journalist and politician. He served as editor-in-chief of Valeurs Actuelles from 1966 to 1990 and as French Senator from 1977 to 1990.", "Q162615": "Cartagena (Spanish pronunciation: [ka\u027eta\u02c8xena]; Latin: Carthago Nova) is a Spanish city and a major naval station located in the Region of Murcia, by the Mediterranean coast, south-eastern Spain. As of January 2018, it has a population of 213,943 inhabitants, being the Region's second-largest municipality and the country's sixth-largest non-provincial-capital city. The metropolitan area of Cartagena, known as Campo de Cartagena, has a population of 409,586 inhabitants.\nCartagena has been inhabited for over two millennia, being founded around 227 BC by the Carthaginian Hasdrubal the Fair as Qart Hadasht (Phoenician, meaning 'New Town'), the same name as the original city of Carthage. The city had its heyday during the Roman Empire, when it was known as Carthago Nova (the New Carthage) and Carthago Spartaria, capital of the province of Carthaginensis. It was one of the important cities during the Umayyad invasion of Hispania, under its Arabic name of Qartayannat al-Halfa.Much of the historical weight of Cartagena in the past goes to its coveted defensive port, one of the most important in the western Mediterranean. Cartagena has been the capital of the Spanish Navy's Maritime Department of the Mediterranean since the arrival of the Spanish Bourbons in the 18th century. As far back as the 16th century it was one of the most important naval ports in Spain, together with Ferrol in the North. It is still an important naval seaport, the main military haven of Spain, and is home to a large naval shipyard.The confluence of civilizations as well as its strategic harbour, together with the rise of the local mining industry is manifested by a unique artistic heritage, with a number of landmarks such as the Roman Theatre, the second largest of the Iberian Peninsula after the one in M\u00e9rida, an abundance of Phoenician, Roman, Byzantine and Moorish remains, and a plethora of Art Nouveau buildings, a result of the bourgeoisie from the early 20th century. Cartagena is now established as a major cruise ship destination in the Mediterranean and an emerging cultural focus.\nIt was the first of a number of cities that have been named Cartagena, most notably Cartagena, Colombia.", "Q1064707": "Charles Herman Weisse (October 24, 1866 \u2013 October 8, 1919) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.Born near Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin, Weisse attended the public schools and St. Paul Lutheran School.\nIn 1880, he started to work in a tannery and later became a partner in 1888.\nHe served as president of the city council of Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin from 1893 to 1896.\nHe was treasurer of the school board from 1897 till 1900.\nHe served as delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1904 and 1908.\nHe was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election in 1900 to the Fifty-seventh Congress.\nWeisse was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1903 \u2013 March 3, 1911). He represented Wisconsin's 6th congressional district. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1910 to the Sixty-second Congress.\nHe engaged in the manufacture of leather and in various other business enterprises in his native city.\nWeisse was accidentally killed in Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin, on October 8, 1919.\nHe was interred in Falls Cemetery.", "Q462390": "Docent is a title at some European universities to denote a specific academic appointment within a set structure of academic ranks at or below the full professor rank, similar to a British readership and equal or above the title of \"associate professor\".", "Q499644": "Julian Wyatt Glover (born 27 March 1935) is an English classical actor, with many stage, television and film roles since commencing his career in the 1950s. He is a recipient of the Laurence Olivier Award and has performed many times for the Royal Shakespeare Company. \nGlover is known for portraying major characters in many popular movie and television franchises. His film roles have included General Maximilian Veers in The Empire Strikes Back, Aristotle Kristatos in the James Bond film For Your Eyes Only, Walter Donovan in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, and Brian Harcourt-Smith in The Fourth Protocol. He also voiced the giant spider Aragog in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. \nGlover has also appeared frequently on television, especially in Britain, including guest appearances in cult series such as The Avengers, The Saint, Doctor Who, Blake's 7 and Remington Steele. From 2011 to 2016, he played the recurring supporting role of Grand Maester Pycelle in HBO's Game of Thrones, and in January 2013, appeared as General Beauvilliers in the BBC drama Spies of Warsaw.", "Q278193": "A.D. (1985) is an American/Italian miniseries in six parts which adapts the narrative in the Acts of the Apostles. Considered as the third and final installment in a TV miniseries trilogy which began with Moses the Lawgiver (1974) and Franco Zeffirelli's Jesus of Nazareth (1977), it was adapted from Anthony Burgess's novel The Kingdom of the Wicked, which was itself a sequel to Burgess's book Man of Nazareth, on which was based Zeffirelli's movie. The title is the abbreviation for Anno Domini (Medieval Latin, \"In the year of the Lord\"), as the events occur in the first years of the Christian Era.", "Q388506": "Hollywood-Monster (working title - released as Ghost Chase in the United States) is a 1987 horror comedy film directed by Roland Emmerich, about a film crew working in a haunted mansion. Emmerich's third film, it starred Jason Lively, Jill Whitlow, Paul Gleason and Tim McDaniel.A co-production between West Germany and the United States, the film was released theatrically in Germany on June 25, 1987. It would eventually be released on video cassette in the United States on February 7, 1990, by M.C.E.G. Virgin Home Entertainment. In 2001, the film was released on DVD by Image Entertainment.", "Q335087": "Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton, (15 January 1914 \u2013 26 January 2003), was a British historian of early modern Britain and Nazi Germany. He was Regius Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford.\nTrevor-Roper was a polemicist and essayist on a range of historical topics, but particularly England in the 16th and 17th centuries and Nazi Germany. In the view of John Kenyon, \"some of [Trevor-Roper's] short essays have affected the way we think about the past more than other men's books\". This is echoed by Richard Davenport-Hines and Adam Sisman in the introduction to One Hundred Letters from Hugh Trevor-Roper (2014): \"The bulk of his publications is formidable... Some of his essays are of Victorian length. All of them reduce large subjects to their essence. Many of them [...] have lastingly transformed their fields.\" On the other hand, his biographer Adam Sisman also writes that \"the mark of a great historian is that he writes great books, on the subject which he has made his own. By this exacting standard Hugh failed.\"Trevor-Roper's most widely read and financially rewarding book was titled The Last Days of Hitler (1947). It emerged from his assignment as a British intelligence officer in 1945 to discover what happened in the last days of Hitler's bunker. From his interviews with a range of witnesses and study of surviving documents he demonstrated that Hitler was dead and had not escaped from Berlin. He also showed that Hitler's dictatorship was not an efficient unified machine but a hodge-podge of overlapping rivalries. \nTrevor-Roper's reputation was \"severely damaged\" in 1983 when he authenticated the Hitler Diaries shortly before they were shown to be forgeries.", "Q186587": "Troy is a 2004 epic historical war drama film directed by Wolfgang Petersen and written by David Benioff. Produced by units in Malta, Mexico and Britain's Shepperton Studios, the film features an ensemble cast led by Brad Pitt, Eric Bana, and Orlando Bloom. It is loosely based on Homer's Iliad in its narration of the entire story of the decade-long Trojan War\u2014condensed into little more than a couple of weeks, rather than just the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon in the ninth year. Achilles leads his Myrmidons along with the rest of the Greek army invading the historical city of Troy, defended by Hector's Trojan army. The end of the film (the sack of Troy) is not taken from the Iliad, but rather from Quintus Smyrnaeus's Posthomerica as the Iliad concludes with Hector's death and funeral.\nTroy made over $497 million worldwide, temporarily placing it in the #60 spot of top box office hits of all time. It received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design and was the 8th highest-grossing film of 2004.", "Q77590": "Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways.Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines. It is considered the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering. Civil engineering takes place in the public sector from municipal through to national governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.\n\n", "Q58573": "Pope Clement II (Latin: Clemens II; born Suidger von Morsleben; died 9 October 1047), was bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 25 December 1046 until his death in 1047. He was the first in a series of reform-minded popes from Germany. Suidger was the bishop of Bamberg. In 1046, he accompanied King Henry III of Germany, when at the request of laity and clergy of Rome, Henry went to Italy and summoned the Council of Sutri, which deposed Benedict IX and Sylvester III, and accepted the resignation of Gregory VI. Henry suggested Suidger for pope, and he was then elected, taking the name of Clement II. Clement then proceeded to crown Henry as emperor. Clement's brief tenure as pope saw the enactment of more stringent prohibitions against simony.", "Q57640": "Andrus Ansip (Estonian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0251ndrus \u02c8\u0251n\u02b2\u02d1s\u02b2ip]; born 1 October 1956) is an Estonian politician, a member of the European Parliament, the former European Commissioner for Digital Single Market and Vice President of the European Commission, in office since 2014. Previously, he was Prime Minister of Estonia from 2005 to 2014 and chairman of the liberal Estonian Reform Party (Estonian: Reformierakond) from 2004 to 2014.\nBefore his entry into politics Ansip trained as a chemist, before working in banking and business. He entered Parliament in 2004, quickly becoming Minister of Economic Affairs, and subsequently Prime Minister in April 2005. On 1 November 2014, he was appointed to the European Commission.\n\n", "Q876778": "Micha\u0142 Klepfisz (Warsaw, 17 April 1913 \u2013 20 April 1943, Warsaw) was a chemical engineer, activist for the Bund, and member of the Jewish Morgenstern sports organization. During World War II he belonged to the Jewish Combat Organization, fighting the Nazi German forces in Poland. He was killed in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and was posthumously decorated by the Polish government in exile with a Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari.", "Q95515": "Klaus Barthel (born 28 December 1955 in Munich) is a German politician of the SPD who served as a member of the Bundestag from 1994 until 2017.", "Q1014586": "Benjamin Henry Day (April 10, 1810 \u2013 December 21, 1889) was an American newspaper publisher best known for founding the New York Sun, the first penny press newspaper in the United States, in 1833.\n\n", "Q112494": "Johanna Dohnal (14 February 1939 - 20 February 2010) was an Austrian politician and the first Austrian Minister for Women.", "Q1378396": "Giuseppe Bertone, also called \"Nuccio\", (4 July 1914, in Turin \u2013 26 February 1997, in Turin) was an automobile designer and constructor. He took over Carrozzeria Bertone from his father, Giovanni after World War II, growing the small business to a car building and designing powerhouse.\nAfter racing Fiat, O.S.C.A., Maserati, and Ferrari, Bertone moved to construction, agreeing to build his first car, a series of 200 MGs, at the 1952 Turin Motor Show. He drew attention at the Paris Motor Show that year with an Abarth concept, and was chosen to design the replacement for the Alfa Romeo Disco Volante. These so-called BAT (Berlina Aerodinamica Tecnica) cars used the Alfa Romeo 1900 Sprint chassis. Bertone is also responsible in designing the famous Lambretta GP/DL range of scooters and the J series.\nTwo years later at Turin, Bertone introduced the Storm Z concept based on a Dodge chassis alongside his latest BAT concept and a prototype of the Alfa Romeo Giulietta Sprint, which would become the company's main product for the coming years. Bertone built more than 31,000 bodies in 1960, including Fiat 850 Spiders, Fiat Dinos, Simca 1200S coupes, the Alfa Romeo Montreal, and Lamborghinis. His 100th design was a special Ford Mustang, introduced at the 1965 New York Auto Show and commissioned by Automobile Quarterly. From 1972 to 1989 built the Fiat X1/9.\nBertone summed up his philosophy when introducing the Fiat 850:\n\n\"Our role is the production of car bodywork on which we impose the styling trends, build prototypes, develop the design, the production methods, and the tooling. Naturally, we produce them in quantity.\"Bertone's Ferrari designs were a radical departure for that company and drew the ire of rival Pininfarina. His two 250GT coupes were only a foreshadow to the controversial 308GT4 of the 1970s.\nHe was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 2006. and the European Automotive Hall of Fame.\nHe was married to Lilli and had two daughters.", "Q718484": "Dimitris Sgouros (Greek: \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2; born 30 August 1969) is a Greek classical pianist. He began playing the piano at a young age, and received formal training in Athens, London, and New York. Widely acclaimed for his prodigious musical talent as a boy, Sgouros is one of the world's leading concert pianists. Arthur Rubinstein remarked that he had produced \"the best playing I have ever heard;\" However, the accuracy of this information has been challenged.", "Q2274956": "Dani\u00ebl George van Beuningen (4 March 1877, Utrecht, \u2013 29 May 1955, Arlesheim) was a Dutch businessman who became iconic for the city of Rotterdam.\nDG (as he was generally known) was born in Utrecht. He was the son of Hendrik Adriaan van Beuningen, and an English woman, Anna Lavenia Brain of Kelmscott. However he made his reputation in Rotterdam where he focused on the economic transformation of the port of that city, which became one of the largest port in the world in those days. He was a well known celebrity not only in the city itself, but also across the Netherlands and further afield..\nHis father was co-founder of the Steenkolen Handels Vereniging, which became big during the World War I supplying both the English and German armies with coal. Dani\u00ebl was involved as a prominent member of the Dutch Coal Trade Union, an organisation which represented the Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate in the Netherlands. He started shipping German coal to Rotterdam to compete with coal imported from England. This involved the choice of barges rather than railway wagons to ship coal and led to major advances in the mechanical handling of coal. Van Beuningen went on to lead a large number of companies in the port of Rotterdam and after the war he owned most of these companies and he became also active in the society. In 1937 he was one of the co-financial partners of the newly built Stadion Feijenoord, buying the ground where the stadium was built and was one of the founders for the Harbour Hospital in the city. During the World War II in 1941 he resigned. In 1954, several months before his death in Arlesheim, Switzerland the Van Beuningen family was forced to withdraw completely out of the SHV Holdings as there was no replaceable family member to become director.\n\nVan Beuningen was a collector of art from the 15th and 16th century out of the northern and southern parts of the Netherlands. During his life he gave several of his collections away to the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen. During his life he married a total of three times. His first marriage was with Mies Schout Velthuys, but due to his hard work they hardly saw each other. She died in 1926 aged 43. A short second marriage to Odette Paule Fernande Ragoulleau ended up in a divorce. In 1938 he married for the third time, this time to Bep Charlouis.\nHis great nephew Baron Willem van Dedem (1929-2015) was also a noted art collector.", "Q516405": "Reinbek (probably from \"Rainbek\" = brook at the field margin; Northern Low Saxon: Reinbeek) is a town located in Stormarn district in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein within the metropolitan region of Hamburg. It is accessed by the A1 and the A24 autobahn and federal highway 5.\nReinbek was first mentioned in 1226, the city rights were given in 1952.\nThe town is located at the river Bille which was dammed up here to form a mill pond.", "Q155907": "Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet, (; 13 August 1819 \u2013 1 February 1903) was an Anglo-Irish physicist and mathematician. Born in County Sligo, Ireland, Stokes spent all of his career at the University of Cambridge, where he was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics from 1849 until his death in 1903. As a physicist, Stokes made seminal contributions to fluid mechanics, including the Navier\u2013Stokes equations, and to physical optics, with notable works on polarization and fluorescence. As a mathematician, he popularised \"Stokes' theorem\" in vector calculus and contributed to the theory of asymptotic expansions. Stokes, along with Felix Hoppe-Seyler, first demonstrated the oxygen transport function of hemoglobin and showed color changes produced by aeration of hemoglobin solutions.\nStokes was made a baronet (hereditary knight) by the British monarch in 1889. In 1893 he received the Royal Society's Copley Medal, then the most prestigious scientific prize in the world, \"for his researches and discoveries in physical science\". He represented Cambridge University in the British House of Commons from 1887 to 1892, sitting as a Tory. Stokes also served as president of the Royal Society from 1885 to 1890 and was briefly the Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge.\n\n", "Q3242115": "A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates revolution. Also, when used as an adjective, the term revolutionary refers to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor.", "Q3447236": "Ingrid Antonijevic Hahn (born 22 July 1952) is a Chilean economist, entrepreneur, academic and former Minister of Economy, Development and Reconstruction (2006) for only two months, in the first cabinet of socialist president Michelle Bachelet. In her youth, she was a militant in the MAPU organisation, and after the end of the Pinochet regime she was one of the founders of the Party for Democracy (Partido Por la Democracia a.k.a. PPD) that has led the transition towards democracy in Chile. She is a progressive entrepreneur who promotes corporate social responsibility and the involvement of the private sector in projects initiated by the government that aim to benefit the whole country. She has acquired notoriety in her country for holding positions in organisations that have traditionally been held by men.", "Q506616": "Drowning is defined as respiratory impairment as a result of being in or under a liquid. Drowning typically occurs silently, with only a few people able to wave their hands or call for help. Symptoms following rescue may include breathing problems, vomiting, confusion, or unconsciousness. Occasionally symptoms may not appear until up to six hours afterwards. Drowning may be complicated by low body temperature, aspiration of vomit, or acute respiratory distress syndrome.Drowning is more common when the weather is warm and among those with frequent access to water. Risk factors include alcohol use, epilepsy, and low socioeconomic status. Common locations of drowning include swimming pools, bathtubs, natural bodies of water, and buckets. Initially the person holds their breath, which is followed by laryngospasm, and then low oxygen levels. Significant amounts of water usually only enter the lungs later in the process. It may be classified into three types: drowning with death, drowning with ongoing health problems, and drowning with no ongoing health problems.Efforts to prevent drowning include teaching children to swim, safe boating practices, and limiting or removing access to water such as by fencing pools. Treatment of those whose who are not breathing should begin with opening the airway and providing five breaths. In those whose heart is not beating and who have been underwater for less than an hour CPR is recommended. Survival rates are better among those with a shorter time under the water. Among children who survive poor outcomes occur in about 7.5% of cases.In 2015, there were an estimated 4.5 million cases of unintentional drowning worldwide. That year, there were 324,000 drowning deaths, making it the third leading cause from unintentional injuries after falls and motor vehicle collisions. Of these deaths, 56,000 occurred in children less than five years old. Drowning accounts for 7% of all injury related deaths, with more than 90% of these deaths occurring in developing countries. Drowning occurs more frequently in males and the young.", "Q1368185": "John Paul Hammond (born November 13, 1942 in New York City) is an American singer and musician. The son of record producer John H. Hammond, he is sometimes referred to as John Hammond Jr.\n\n", "Q665335": "The Italian Democratic Socialist Party (Italian: Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano, PSDI) was a minor social-democratic political party in Italy. The PSDI, before the 1990s decline in votes and members, had been an important force in Italian politics, being the longest serving partner in government for Christian Democracy. The party's founder and longstanding leader was Giuseppe Saragat, who served as President of the Italian Republic from 1964 to 1971.", "Q139611": "Zachary Adam Gordon (born February 15, 1998) is an American actor. Gordon began his professional acting career at the age of eight and as a child came to prominence playing Greg Heffley in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series. Transitioning into acting roles as an adult, he has played Tate Wilson in Good Trouble and Jason Cohen in Dead of Summer.", "Q1253": "Ban Ki-moon (; Korean: \ubc18\uae30\ubb38; Hanja: \u6f58\u57fa\u6587; Korean pronunciation: [pan.\u0261i.mun]; born 13 June 1944) is a South Korean politician and diplomat who served as the eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 2007 to December 2016. Before becoming Secretary-General, Ban was a career diplomat in South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in the United Nations. He entered diplomatic service the year he graduated from university, accepting his first post in New Delhi, India.\nBan was the foreign minister of South Korea from January 2004 to November 2006. In February 2006 he began to campaign for the office of Secretary-General. Ban was initially considered to be a long shot for the office. As foreign minister of South Korea, however, he was able to travel to all the countries on the United Nations Security Council, a maneuver that turned him into the campaign's front runner.\nOn 13 October 2006, he was elected to be the eighth Secretary-General by the United Nations General Assembly. On 1 January 2007, he succeeded Kofi Annan. As Secretary-General, he was responsible for several major reforms on peacekeeping and UN employment practices. Diplomatically, Ban has taken particularly strong views on global warming, pressing the issue repeatedly with U.S. President George W. Bush, and on the Darfur conflict, where he helped persuade Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir to allow peacekeeping troops to enter Sudan.Ban was named the world's 32nd most powerful person by the Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People in 2013, the highest among South Koreans. In 2014, he was named the third most powerful South Korean after Lee Kun-hee and Lee Jae-yong. In 2016, Foreign Policy named Ban one of the Top 100 Global Thinkers for his achievement of making the Paris Agreement being ratified and entering into force in less than a year after it was adopted.Ant\u00f3nio Guterres was appointed by the General Assembly on 13 October 2016 to be the successor of Ban Ki-moon as he stepped down on 31 December 2016. He was widely considered to be a potential candidate for the 2017 South Korean presidential election, before announcing, on 1 February, that he would not be running.On 14 September 2017, Ban was elected chair of the International Olympic Committee's Ethics Commission. Also in 2017, Ban co-founded the nonprofit Ban Ki-moon Centre for Global Citizens. He also currently serves as Distinguished Chair Professor at Yonsei University's Institute for Global Engagement and Empowerment.He became the first major international diplomat to throw his weight behind the Green New Deal, a nascent effort by members of the Democratic Party in the United States to zero out planet-warming emissions and end poverty over the next decade.", "Q439394": "Timothy Alistair Telemachus Hetherington (5 December 1970 \u2013 20 April 2011) was a British photojournalist. He produced books, films and other work that \"ranged from multi-screen installations, to fly-poster exhibitions, to handheld device downloads\" and was a regular contributor to Vanity Fair.He was best known for the documentary film Restrepo (2010), which he co-directed with Sebastian Junger. Restrepo won the Grand Jury Prize for best documentary at Sundance Film Festival 2010 and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2011. Hetherington won various awards including the 2007 World Press Photo of the Year.He was killed by shrapnel from either a mortar shell or an RPG fired by Libyan forces while covering the 2011 Libyan civil war.", "Q273978": "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (simplified Chinese: \u5367\u864e\u85cf\u9f99; traditional Chinese: \u81e5\u864e\u85cf\u9f8d; pinyin: W\u00f2 h\u01d4 c\u00e1ng l\u00f3ng) is a 2000 wuxia film directed by Ang Lee and written by Wang Hui-ling, James Schamus and Tsai Kuo Jung, based on the Chinese novel by Wang Dulu. The film features an international cast of Chinese actors, including Chow Yun-fat, Michelle Yeoh, Zhang Ziyi and Chang Chen.\nA multinational venture, the film was made on a US$17 million budget, and was produced by Asian Union Film & Entertainment, China Film Co-Productions Corporation, Columbia Pictures Film Production Asia, Edko Films, Good Machine International, and Zoom Hunt Productions. With dialogue in Mandarin, subtitled for various markets, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon became a surprise international success, grossing $213.5 million worldwide. It grossed US$128 million in the United States, becoming the highest-grossing foreign-language film produced overseas in American history.Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon has won over 40 awards, and was nominated for 10 Academy Awards, including Best Picture, and won Best Foreign Language Film, Best Art Direction, Best Original Score and Best Cinematography, receiving the most nominations ever for a non-English language film at the time, until 2018's Roma tied this record. The film also won four BAFTAs and two Golden Globe Awards, one for Best Foreign Film. Along with its awards success, Crouching Tiger continues to be hailed as one of the greatest and most influential films. The film has been praised for its story, direction, and cinematography, and for its martial arts sequences.", "Q484615": "Ethan Green Hawke (born November 6, 1970) is an American actor, writer, and director. He has been nominated for four Academy Awards and a Tony Award. Hawke has directed three feature films, three Off-Broadway plays, and a documentary. He has also written three novels and one graphic novel. He made his film debut with the 1985 science fiction feature Explorers, before making a breakthrough appearance in the 1989 drama Dead Poets Society. He appeared in various films before taking a role in the 1994 Generation X drama Reality Bites, for which he received critical praise. Hawke starred alongside Julie Delpy in Richard Linklater's Before trilogy: Before Sunrise (1995), Before Sunset (2004) and Before Midnight (2013), all of which received critical acclaim.\nHawke has been nominated twice for both the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor; his writing contributions to Before Sunset and Before Midnight were recognized, as were his performances in Training Day (2001) and Boyhood (2014). Hawke was further honored with SAG Award nominations for both films, as well as BAFTA Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for the latter. His other films include the science fiction drama Gattaca (1997), the contemporary adaptation of Hamlet (2000), the action thriller Assault on Precinct 13 (2005), the crime drama Before the Devil Knows You're Dead (2007), and the horror film Sinister (2012). In 2018, he garnered critical acclaim for his performance as a Protestant minister in Paul Schrader's drama First Reformed (2017), receiving numerous accolades, including the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor, the Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead, and a nomination for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor.\nIn addition to his film work, Hawke has appeared in many theater productions. He made his Broadway debut in 1992 in Anton Chekhov's The Seagull, and was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play in 2007 for his performance in Tom Stoppard's The Coast of Utopia. In 2010, Hawke directed Sam Shepard's A Lie of the Mind, for which he received a Drama Desk Award nomination for Outstanding Director of a Play. In 2018, he starred in the Roundabout Theater Company's revival of Sam Shepard's play True West alongside Paul Dano.", "Q4799233": "Arthur James Nesbitt (August 19, 1880 \u2013 October 24, 1954) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist. He was a cofounder of Nesbitt, Thomson and Company stockbrokerage and the Power Corporation of Canada.", "Q2260923": "Scott L. Klug (born January 16, 1953) is an American politician who was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin, representing Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district. Klug was elected to the 102nd Congress in 1990, defeating incumbent Robert Kastenmeier, and served from January 3, 1991 until January 3, 1999, the end of the 105th Congress.", "Q339865": "Hubert Cecil Booth (4 July 1871 \u2013 14 January 1955) was an English engineer best known today for having invented one of the first powered vacuum cleaners.He also designed Ferris wheels, suspension bridges and factories. Later he became Chairman and Managing Director of the British Vacuum Cleaner and Engineering Co.", "Q176106": "25 Degrees in Winter is a 2004 international comedy-drama film directed by St\u00e9phane Vuillet.", "Q1285541": "Mick Weaver (born 16 June 1944, Bolton, Lancashire, England) is an English session musician, best known for his playing of the Hammond B3 organ, and as an exponent of the blues and funk.", "Q468865": "The American Legion, commonly known as the Legion, is an organization of U.S. war veterans headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is made up of state, U.S. territory, and overseas departments, and these are in turn made up of local posts. The organization was formed on March 15, 1919, in Paris, France, by a thousand officers and men of the American Expeditionary Forces (A. E. F.) , and it was chartered on September 16, 1919, by the United States Congress.The Legion played the leading role in the drafting and passing of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the \"G.I. Bill.\" In addition to organizing commemorative events, members provide assistance at Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals and clinics. It is active in issue-oriented U.S. politics. Its primary political activity is lobbying on behalf of interests of veterans and service members, including support for benefits such as pensions and the Veterans Health Administration. It has also historically promoted Americanism, individual obligation to the community, state, and nation; peace and good will.", "Q823037": "Bernardo Segall (August 4, 1911 \u2013 November 26, 1993) was a Brazilian-born American composer and concert pianist.", "Q62823": "Barranquilla (American Spanish: [bara\u014b\u02c8ki\u029da] (listen)) is the capital district of Atl\u00e1ntico Department in Colombia. It is located near the Caribbean Sea and is the largest city and second port in the northern Caribbean Coast region; as of 2018 it had a population of 1,206,319 making it Colombia's fourth-most populous city after Bogot\u00e1, Medell\u00edn and Cali.\nBarranquilla lies strategically next to the delta of the Magdalena River, 7.5 kilometres (4.7 miles) (originally 25 kilometres (16 miles) before rapid urban growth) from its mouth at the Caribbean Sea, serving as a port for river and maritime transportation within Colombia. It is also the main industrial, shopping, educational and cultural center of the Caribbean Region of Colombia. The city is the core of the Metropolitan Area of Barranquilla, with a population close to 2.4 million inhabitants, which also includes the municipalities of Soledad, Galapa, Malambo, and Puerto Colombia.\nBarranquilla was legally established as a town on April 7, 1813, although it dates from at least 1629. It grew into an important port, serving as a haven for immigrants from Europe, especially during and immediately following World War I and World War II, when waves of additional immigrants from the Middle East and Asia arrived. Barranquilla became Colombia's principal port, and with its level of industrialization and modernity earned the city the nickname \"Colombia's Golden Gate\" (Spanish: La Puerta de Oro de Colombia). In the 1940s, Barranquilla was the second-largest city in Colombia and one of the most modern cities in the Caribbean and in South America; later local administrations, due to widespread corruption in their ranks, brought about a decline in the standard of living. As government investment increased in other Colombian cities, Barranquilla's national position was eclipsed.\nThe city is home to one of the most important folk and cultural festivals of Colombia, the Carnival of Barranquilla, which was declared a National Cultural Heritage by the Congress of Colombia in 2001 and recognized by UNESCO in 2003.Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport, built in Barranquilla in 1919, was the first airport in South America. The city is served by domestic and international flights.\n\n", "Q24876": "Bukichi Miki (\u4e09\u6728 \u6b66\u5409, Miki Bukichi, 15 August 1884 \u2013 4 July 1956) was a Japanese politician. He was a close friend and ally of Ichiro Hatoyama, and was the key figure in carrying out the \"conservative merger\" that resulted in the formation of the Liberal Democratic Party.\nDespite being a powerful conservative politician in the Taish\u014d and Sh\u014dwa eras, Miki remarkably never held any cabinet post. He still has a high reputation as the archetype of a behind-the-scenes power broker, and at the zenith of their power there were times when both Kanemaru Shin and Hiromu Nonaka were openly complimented by Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone for having \"surpassed Bukichi Miki\".\nMiki's nicknames included \"the heckling general\", \"the wily schemer\", and \"the great tanuki of Japanese politics\".", "Q328968": "Robert Clifford Brown (July 15, 1910 \u2013 November 6, 1966), known professionally as Washboard Sam, was an American blues musician and singer.", "Q171669": "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a 1975 American comedy-drama film directed by Milo\u0161 Forman, based on the 1962 novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey. The film stars Jack Nicholson as Randle McMurphy, a new patient at a mental institution, and features a supporting cast of Louise Fletcher, William Redfield, Will Sampson, Sydney Lassick, Brad Dourif, Danny DeVito and Christopher Lloyd in his film debut.\nFilming began in January 1975 and lasted three months, taking place on location in Salem, Oregon, and the surrounding area, as well as on the Oregon coast. The producers decided to shoot the film in the Oregon State Hospital, an actual mental hospital, as this was also the setting of the novel.\nConsidered by some to be one of the greatest films ever made, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is No. 33 on the American Film Institute's 100 Years... 100 Movies list. The film was the second to win all five major Academy Awards (Best Picture, Actor in Lead Role, Actress in Lead Role, Director and Screenplay) following It Happened One Night in 1934, an accomplishment not repeated until 1991 with The Silence of the Lambs. It also won numerous Golden Globe and BAFTA Awards. In 1993, the film was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress, and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.", "Q107933": "James Adam Belushi (; born June 15, 1954) is an American actor, comedian, singer and musician. He played the role of Jim on the sitcom According to Jim (2001\u20132009). His other television roles include Saturday Night Live (1983\u20131985), Wild Palms (1993), Aaahh!!! Real Monsters (1994\u20131997), Show Me a Hero (2015) and Twin Peaks (2017).\nBelushi has appeared in films such as Thief (1981), Trading Places (1983), About Last Night (1986), Salvador (1986), The Principal (1987), Red Heat (1988), K-9 (1989), Mr. Destiny (1990), Curly Sue (1991), Jingle All the Way (1996), Gang Related (1997), Underdog (2007) The Ghost Writer (2010) and Katie Says Goodbye (2019).\nHe is the younger brother of comic actor John Belushi and the father of actor Robert Belushi.", "Q45250": "Hans Carl Artmann (12 June 1921 in Vienna \u2013 4 December 2000 in Vienna), also known as Ib Hansen, was (amongst other things) an Austrian-born poet and writer, most popular for his early poems written in Viennese (med ana schwoazzn dintn, 1958), which however, never after were to be the focus of his oeuvre.", "Q91767": "Georg von Siemens (21 October 1839 \u2013 23 October 1901) was a German banker and liberal politician.\nGeorg von Siemens was on the board of directors of the Deutsche Bank from 1870 to 1900. One of his top priorities was the financing of international railway projects, including the Northern Pacific, and the Baghdad Railway.\nFrom 1874 until his death, he was voted several times to both the Prussian House of Representatives and the German Reichstag. Until 1880, he represented the National Liberal Party, then the Secession, from 1884 to 1893 the German Free-minded Party, and for the last years the Free-minded Union.", "Q385036": "The Double is a 2011 American spy film, directed by Michael Brandt and starring Richard Gere and Topher Grace. It was released on October 28, 2011. The film garnered a negative reception from critics.", "Q1387430": "Philip Dean Torrens (born 2 June 1960) is an English actor. He is known for his role as Tommy Lascelles in the Netflix drama The Crown, and for leading roles in Poldark and Versailles. His film appearances include The Danish Girl, The Iron Lady, War Horse and Star Wars: The Force Awakens. In 2017, he joined the main cast of AMC's Preacher, portraying the antagonist Herr Starr.\nHe has provided his voice to Lofty Thaddeus Worthington in the 2005 film Valiant.", "Q129416": "Loda Halama (20 July 1911 \u2013 13 July 1996) was a Polish dancer and actress. Principal dancer of Grand Theatre, Warsaw (1934\u20131936). She appeared in eleven films between 1927 and 1950.\n\n", "Q131259": "Alexander Igoryevich Rybak (Belarusian: \u0410\u043b\u044f\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0406\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u0420\u044b\u0431\u0430\u043a), or Alyaxandr Iharavich Rybak (born 13 May 1986), is a Belarusian-Norwegian singer-composer, violinist, pianist and actor. Representing Norway in the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest in Moscow, Russia, Rybak won the contest with 387 points\u2014the highest tally any country has achieved in the history of Eurovision under the old voting system\u2014with \"Fairytale\", a song he wrote and composed. His debut album, Fairytales, charted in the top 20 in nine European countries, including a No. 1 position in Norway and Russia. Rybak made a return to Eurovision in 2012 and 2016, playing the violin during both interval acts. He represented Norway again in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 in Lisbon, Portugal, with the song \"That's How You Write a Song\" winning the second semi-final and finishing in 15th place in the Grand Final.", "Q96008": "Cornelius Loos (1546 \u2013 February 3, 1595), also known as Cornelius Losaeus Callidius, was a Roman Catholic priest, theologian, and professor of theology. He was the first Catholic official to write publicly against the witch trials raging throughout Europe from the 1580s to the 1590s. For this, he was imprisoned and forced to recant; his work was confiscated and suppressed by church officials. His manuscript was lost for almost 300 years. It was discovered in the Jesuit Library of Trier in 1886 by an American historian, George Lincoln Burr.", "Q3894381": "Paolo Pininfarina (28 August 1958) is an Italian engineer, designer and businessman, known as the manager, since 2008, of the Pininfarina design company.He studied mechanical engineering at Politecnico di Torino before joining his father Sergio Pininfarina's firm in 1982, as a trainee stationed abroad with Cadillac and Honda (1983), and then as quality manager of the Cadillac Allant\u00e9 project (1984\u201386) and program manager of the Engineering GM 200 at General Motors (1987\u201389) which led to Chevrolet Lumina APV, Oldsmobile Silhouette and Pontiac Trans Sport. Paolo Pininfarina became the first manager of the new Pininfarina Extra S.r.l. (1987) which does design for non-automotive industries (furniture, appliances, maritime), while being in the upper management of the automobile firm as well (board member 1988, deputy chairman 2006) where he now is chairman (2008), succeeding his brother Andrea Pininfarina (1957-2008).\nHe has been member in the board of Turin's Istituto Europeo di Design (1996-2004) and is emeritus participating founder of the Associazione per il Disegno Industriale of Milan.\n\n", "Q111189": "Steffen Seibert (born June 7, 1960 in Munich) is head of the German Federal Government's Press and Information Office and is the German government's spokesperson. The German Federal Government's Press and Information Office resembles the British Central Office of Information. He is officially ranked as an undersecretary of state.\nSince late 2016, Seibert has been a member of the German government's cabinet committee on Brexit at which ministers discuss organizational and structural issues related to the United Kingdom's departure from the European Union.Previously he worked for the German television station ZDF as a journalist and presenter of the popular Heute Journal (until 2010).\n\n", "Q291731": "Anne Sinclair (French pronunciation: \u200b[an s\u025b\u0303\u02c8kl\u025b\u0281]; born Anne-\u00c9lise Schwartz, 15 July 1948) is an American-born French television and radio interviewer. She hosted one of the most popular political shows for more than thirteen years on TF1, the largest European private TV channel. She is heiress to much of the fortune of her maternal grandfather, Paul Rosenberg. She covered the 2008 US presidential campaign for the French Sunday newspaper Le Journal du Dimanche and the French TV channel Canal+. She married French politician Dominique Strauss-Kahn in 1991 and divorced him in 2013 in the aftermath of the New York v. Strauss-Kahn case. She was portrayed in the 2014 feature film Welcome to New York.", "Q494412": "Lee Kun-hee (Korean: \uc774\uac74\ud76c; Hanja: \u674e\u5065\u7199; Korean pronunciation: [i\u02d0\u0261\u028cnhi]; born January 9, 1942) is a South Korean business magnate and the chairman of Samsung Group. In 1996, Lee became a member of the International Olympic Committee. With an estimated family net worth of US$40.8 billion, he and his family rank among the Forbes richest people in the world. He is the third son of Samsung founder Lee Byung-chul.He resigned in April 2008, owing to a Samsung slush funds scandal, but returned on March 24, 2010. In May 2014, he was hospitalized for a heart attack. In 2014, Lee was named the world's 35th most powerful person and the most powerful Korean by Forbes Magazine's List of The World's Most Powerful People along with his son Lee Jae-yong.", "Q326789": "Naked Among Wolves (German: Nackt unter W\u00f6lfen) is a 1963 East German film directed by Frank Beyer and starring Erwin Geschonneck and Armin Mueller-Stahl. The film is based on author Bruno Apitz's 1958 novel by the same name. The film was remade in 2015 under the direction of Philipp Kadelbach.", "Q128708": "Alexander Mackenzie, (January 28, 1822 \u2013 April 17, 1892) was a Scottish-Canadian politician who served as the second prime minister of Canada, in office from 1873 to 1878.\nMackenzie was born in Logierait, Perthshire, Scotland. He left school at the age of 13, following his father's death to help his widowed mother, and trained as a stonemason. Mackenzie immigrated to Canada when he was 19, settling in what became Ontario. His masonry business prospered, allowing him to pursue other interests \u2013 such as the editorship of a pro-Reformist of a newspaper called the Lambton Shield. Mackenzie was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada in 1861, as a supporter of George Brown.\nIn 1867, Mackenzie was elected to the new House of Commons of Canada for the Liberal Party. He became leader of the party (thus Leader of the Opposition) in mid-1873, and a few months later succeeded John A. Macdonald as prime minister, following Macdonald's resignation in the aftermath of the Pacific Scandal. Mackenzie and the Liberals won a clear majority at the 1874 election. He was popular among the general public for his humble background and apparent democratic tendencies.\nAs prime minister, Mackenzie continued the nation-building programme that had been begun by his predecessor. His government established the Supreme Court of Canada and Royal Military College of Canada, and created the District of Keewatin to better administer Canada's newly acquired western territories. However, it made little progress on the transcontinental railway, and struggled to deal with the aftermath of the Panic of 1873. At the 1878 election, Mackenzie's government suffered a landslide defeat. He remained leader of the Liberal Party for another two years, and continued on as a Member of Parliament until his death, due to a stroke.", "Q262861": "Robert Dennis \"Danny\" Blanchflower (10 February 1926 \u2013 9 December 1993) was a Northern Ireland international footballer who played for and captained Tottenham Hotspur, most notably during its double-winning season of 1960\u201361. He played as a defensive midfielder at right half and was known particularly for his accurate passing, his ability to dictate the tempo of the game and his inspiring leadership.. After a lengthy playing career, he retired at the age of 38 and became a respected football journalist, and later a football manager. \nHe was ranked as the greatest player ever in Spurs history by The Times in 2009.He made one of the best known quotes on football: \"The great fallacy is that the game is first and last about winning. It is nothing of the kind. The game is about glory, it is about doing things in style and with a flourish, about going out and beating the lot, not waiting for them to die of boredom.\"\n\n", "Q224834": "Fl\u00e1vio Migliaccio (born 15 October 1934) is a Brazilian actor, film director and screenwriter. He has appeared in more than 80 films and television shows since 1958. His 1962 film The Beggars was entered into the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival. His elder sister Dirce Migliaccio was also an actress.\n\n", "Q358243": "Uki Go\u00f1i (born 1953) is an Argentine author. His research focuses on the role of the Vatican, Swiss authorities and the government of Argentina in organizing 'ratlines', escape routes for Nazi criminals and collaborators.", "Q88236": "Daniel Steiner (born 1973) is an Austrian actor and film director.\n\n", "Q15467": "William McLean Hamilton, (February 23, 1919 \u2013 June 7, 1989) was a Canadian politician.\nHe was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. His father, Ernest Hamilton, was a lacrosse player who won a gold medal at the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was a student at the Montreal High School and he took a B.Sc from Sir George Williams University in business administration.\nHe sat on Montreal City Council and the Executive Council of Montreal.\nHe was elected to parliament in the 1953 election as a Progressive Conservative for the riding of Notre-Dame-de-Gr\u00e2ce. In his maiden speech to Parliament in November he accused the very conservative Liberal government led by Louis St. Laurent of being socialists. His criticisms were based on the government being corporatistic and taking an interest in private business activities.\nFollowing the 1957 election, he was appointed Postmaster General of Canada by John Diefenbaker. In that office he annoyed many of his colleagues by not permitting the post office to be used a reward for party supporters. He also drew ire by attempting to close many small and inefficient post offices.\nDespite his staunch fiscal conservatism and anti-communism, he was a supporter of the Quebec Liberal Party over the Union Nationale. Hamilton disliked the corruption of the Union Nationale and their infusion of strict Catholicism into Quebec politics. Hamilton was an Anglican.\nHe resigned as Postmaster General on July 12, 1962 after he was defeated in the 1962 election by Edmund Tobin Asselin. Hamilton could not speak French, and it was a more important issue in 1962 than it had been previously.\nAfter his defeat Hamilton left Montreal for Vancouver where he ran a business.\nIn 1978 he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.", "Q384328": "Solomon & Gaenor (Welsh: Solomon a Gaenor) is a 1999 Welsh film written and directed by Paul Morrison. It stars Ioan Gruffudd as an Orthodox Jewish man named Solomon Levinsky who falls in love with a gentile woman named Gaenor Rees, played by Nia Roberts. They enter into a forbidden love affair, which has tragic consequences.\nIt was filmed twice, once with principal dialogue in English and once with it in Welsh. In the English-language version there are scenes in Welsh and in both versions there are scenes in Yiddish. Its Welsh-language version was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 72nd Academy Awards.", "Q283335": "Rhonda Fleming (born Marilyn Louis; August 10, 1923) is a retired American film/television actress and singer. She acted in more than 40 films, mostly in the 1940s and 1950s, and became renowned as one of the most glamorous actresses of her day, nicknamed the \"Queen of Technicolor\" because she photographed so well in that medium.", "Q172374": "Frederick G. Wacker Jr. (July 10, 1918 Chicago \u2013 June 16, 1998) was an engineer and former president of two large Chicago companies. He was also a prominent Chicago socialite, a jazz musician, and a racing driver. He participated in five Formula One World Championship races, debuting on June 21, 1953. He scored no championship points. He also participated in several non-Championship Formula One races.\nWacker was the grandson of Charles H. Wacker, the first chairman of the Chicago Plan Commission and the man for whom Wacker Drive in Chicago is named. He attended The Hotchkiss School and Yale University. He worked with AC Spark Plug before enlisting in the United States Navy.Wacker was involved in a fatal accident during the second lap of the 1952 Watkins Glen Grand Prix, which at the time was a street course. While preparing for a right hand turn, his Allard J2 came dangerously close to a Cunningham driven by John Fitch, and both drivers swerved to avoid a collision. The back end of the Allard came out slightly to the left and closer to a throng of spectators sitting on the curb along the side of the course. Ten people were injured and a 7-year-old boy was killed. The tragedy caused the end of street racing at the Glen and elsewhere in the United States.", "Q315343": "Erich Wolf Segal (June 16, 1937 \u2013 January 17, 2010) was an American author, screenwriter, educator and classicist. He was best known for writing the bestselling novel Love Story (1970) and the hit motion picture of the same name.\n\n", "Q414574": "Wilmer C. \"Bill\" Butler, ASC (born April 7, 1921) is an American cinematographer. He shot The Conversation (1974), Jaws (1975), and three Rocky sequels. He completed 1975's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest after Haskell Wexler was fired from the production, and was subsequently nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography.", "Q653693": "Sylvia Young Theatre School is an independent school in Marble Arch, London, England. It is a specialist performing arts school named after its founder and principal, Sylvia Young OBE.", "Q757": "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ( (listen)), also frequently known simply as Saint Vincent, is an Anglo-Caribbean country of several islands in the Lesser Antilles island arc, in the southeast Windward Islands, which lies in the West Indies at the southern end of the eastern border of the Caribbean Sea where the latter meets the Atlantic Ocean.\nIts 389 km2 (150 sq mi) territory consists of the main island of Saint Vincent and the northern two-thirds of the Grenadines, a chain of 32 smaller islands. Some of the Grenadines are inhabited \u2014 Bequia, Mustique, Union Island, Canouan, Palm Island, Mayreau, Young Island \u2014 while others are not: Tobago Cays, Petit Saint Vincent, Baliceaux, Bettowia, Quatre, Petite Mustique, Savan and Petit Nevis. Most of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines lies within the Hurricane Alley.\nTo the north of Saint Vincent lies Saint Lucia, to the east is Barbados, and Grenada lies to the south. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a densely populated country for its size (over 300 inhabitants/km2) with approximately 110,211 inhabitants.Kingstown is the capital and main port. Saint Vincent has a British colonial history, and is now part of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, CARICOM, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC).", "Q47447": "Edward Christopher Sheeran, (; born 17 February 1991) is an English singer, songwriter, record producer, and actor. In early 2011, Sheeran independently released the extended play, No. 5 Collaborations Project. After signing with Asylum Records, his debut album, + (pronounced \"plus\"), was released in September 2011 and topped the UK Albums Chart. It contained his first hit single \"The A Team\". In 2012, Sheeran won the Brit Awards for Best British Male Solo Artist and British Breakthrough Act. \nSheeran's second studio album, x (pronounced \"multiply\"), was released in June 2014. It was named the second-best-selling album worldwide of 2015. In the same year, x won Album of the Year at the 2015 Brit Awards, and he received the Ivor Novello Award for Songwriter of the Year from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors. A single from x, \"Thinking Out Loud\", earned him the 2016 Grammy Awards for Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance. Sheeran's third album, \u00f7 (pronounced \"divide\"), was released in March 2017, and was the best-selling album worldwide of 2017. The first two singles from the album, \"Shape of You\" and \"Castle on the Hill\", broke records in a number of countries by debuting in the top two positions of the charts. He also became the first artist to have two songs debut in the US top 10 in the same week. By March 2017, Sheeran had accumulated ten top 10 singles from \u00f7 on the UK Singles Chart, breaking the record for most top 10 UK singles from one album. His fourth single from \u00f7, \"Perfect\", reached number one in the US, Australia and the UK, where it became the Christmas number one in 2017. The world\u2019s best-selling artist of 2017, he was named the Global Recording Artist of the Year. Released in 2019, his fourth studio album No.6 Collaborations Project debuted at number one in most major markets, and spawned three UK number one singles, \"I Don't Care\", \"Beautiful People\" and \"Take Me Back to London\".\nSheeran has sold more than 150 million records worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling music artists. Two of his albums are in the list of the best-selling albums in UK chart history: x at number 20, and \u00f7 at number 34. In December 2019, the Official Charts Company named him artist of the decade, with the most combined success in the UK album and singles charts in the 2010s. Globally, Spotify named him the second most streamed artist of the decade. Beginning in March 2017, his \u00f7 Tour became the highest-grossing of all time in August 2019. An alumnus of the National Youth Theatre in London, as an actor Sheeran has portrayed a recurring role on The Bastard Executioner, and in 2019, he appeared in the film Yesterday.", "Q932884": "Mika Tapio Vainio (May 15, 1963 in Helsinki \u2013 April 12, 2017 in Trouville-sur-Mer) was a Finnish electronic musician. He was best known as a member of Pan Sonic. In addition to his real name, he recorded under the aliases \u00d8, Kentolevi, Philus, and Tekonivel.He collaborated with people like Alan Vega, Barry Adamson, Charlemagne Palestine, Alva Noto, Stephen O'Malley.", "Q3161006": "James Dougan Norris (November 6, 1906 \u2013 February 25, 1966) was an American sports businessman, with interests in boxing, ice hockey, and horse racing. He was the son of James E. Norris (whom the James Norris Memorial Trophy is named after) and half-brother of Bruce Norris and is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame.\nBorn in Chicago, Norris served as a lieutenant with the United States Navy during World War II. In business, he was a partner in the commodity brokerage firm, Norris and Kenly, and became involved in hockey by working for his father, who bought the Detroit Red Wings in 1932. In 1946, James D. Norris was one of a group that purchased the Chicago Blackhawks along with Bill Tobin (left Chicago Blackhawks in 1954) and Arthur M. Wirtz Sr. However, he remained a Vice President with the Detroit Red Wings until the summer of 1952. That summer He left to help Arthur M. Wirtz Sr. run the Chicago Black Hawks. In 1957, James Norris along with his half brother Bruce Norris and other NHL owners of the time, were accused of union busting activities related to the attempt by Ted Lindsay and a group of NHL players to form an NHL Players Association. Mr. Norris's role in those affairs are dramatized in the movie, Net Worth.\nThe Blackhawks won the Stanley Cup in 1961, with Norris as chairman. Norris was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1962.\nNorris's father passed along several of the family's businesses to him in the late 1940s, including a significant ownership position in Norris Grain Company and Madison Square Garden.\nNorris was president of the International Boxing Club of New York from 1949 to 1958. The IBC dominated boxing in the U.S. in the 1950s, but was dissolved by the courts, which ruled it to be a monopoly. As president of the IBC, Norris was involved with organized crime figures. Norris was responsible for fixing numerous bouts. Besides match fixing, he was also unofficially managing many boxers (usually against their will) and persuading them to hire his associates as advisors.Among his investments, James Norris held interests in the Rock Island Railroad, the Chicago Furniture Mart, and Chicago's Bismarck Hotel. Norris owned thoroughbred racehorses as well as Spring Hill Farm in Paris, Kentucky. His horses raced in the United States and in Canada where his colt, Rocky Royale, won the 1960 Canadian International Stakes. In 1938 his horse Danger Point, ridden by Eddie Arcaro, won the Metropolitan Handicap.\nLike his father, Norris suffered from heart problems and had two heart attacks. He died in Chicago in 1966 at age 59, with a reported net worth of $250 million. Shortly before his death, Norris had arranged for an NHL franchise to be awarded to St. Louis, Missouri, even though no one from St. Louis applied for a franchise. Norris owned the St. Louis Arena.", "Q2702389": "Elie Carafoli (September 15, 1901, Veria, Salonica Vilayet, Ottoman Empire\u2013October 24, 1983, Bucharest, Romania) was an accomplished Romanian engineer and aircraft designer. He is considered a pioneering contributor to the field of Aerodynamics.", "Q123885": "The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. Founded on 28 November 1660, it was granted a royal charter by King Charles II as \"The Royal Society\". It is the oldest national scientific institution in the world. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, recognising excellence in science, supporting outstanding science, providing scientific advice for policy, fostering international and global co-operation, education and public engagement. \nThe society is governed by its Council, which is chaired by the Society's President, according to a set of statutes and standing orders. The members of Council and the President are elected from and by its Fellows, the basic members of the society, who are themselves elected by existing Fellows. As of 2016, there are about 1,600 fellows, allowed to use the postnominal title FRS (Fellow of the Royal Society), with up to 52 new fellows appointed each year. There are also royal fellows, honorary fellows and foreign members, the last of which are allowed to use the postnominal title ForMemRS (Foreign Member of the Royal Society). The Royal Society President is Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, who took up the post on 30 November 2015.Since 1967, the society has been based at 6\u20139 Carlton House Terrace, a Grade I listed building in central London which was previously used by the Embassy of Germany, London.", "Q18143": "Gao Xingjian (born January 4, 1940) is a Chinese \u00e9migr\u00e9 novelist, playwright, and critic who in 2000 was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature \"for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity.\" He is also a noted translator (particularly of Samuel Beckett and Eug\u00e8ne Ionesco), screenwriter, stage director, and a celebrated painter. In 1998, Gao was granted French citizenship.\nGao's drama is considered to be fundamentally absurdist in nature and avant-garde in his native China. His prose works tend to be less celebrated in China but are highly regarded elsewhere in Europe and the West.", "Q952816": "Jean Am\u00e9d\u00e9e Hoerni (September 26, 1924 \u2013 January 12, 1997) was a Swiss-American engineer. He was a silicon transistor pioneer, and a member of the \"traitorous eight\". He developed the planar process, an important technology for reliably fabricating and manufacturing semiconductor devices, such as transistors and integrated circuits.", "Q323197": "Michel Strogoff is a 1976 French / Italian / German miniseries directed by Jean-Pierre Decourt.", "Q1393323": "Fairman Rogers (November 15, 1833 \u2013 August 22, 1900) was an American civil engineer, educator, and philanthropist, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Q345212": "Robert Dean Stockwell (born March 5, 1936) is an American retired actor of film and television, with a career spanning over 70 years. As a child actor under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, he first came to the public's attention in films such as Anchors Aweigh (1945), The Green Years (1946), Gentleman's Agreement (1947), and Kim (1950). \nAs a young adult, he played a lead role in the 1957 Broadway and 1959 screen adaptations of Compulsion and in 1962, Stockwell played Edmund Tyrone in the film version of Long Day's Journey into Night, for which he won a Best Actor award at the Cannes Film Festival. He appeared in supporting roles in such films as Paris, Texas (1984), To Live and Die in L.A. (1985), Blue Velvet (1986), and Beverly Hills Cop II (1987). He received further critical acclaim for his performance in Married to the Mob (1988), for which he earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. He subsequently had roles in The Player (1992), and Air Force One (1997).\nHis television roles include playing Rear Admiral Albert \"Al\" Calavicci in Quantum Leap (1989\u20131993) and Brother Cavil in the Sci Fi Channel revival of Battlestar Galactica (2004\u20132009). Following his roles on Quantum Leap and Battlestar Galactica, Stockwell appeared at numerous science fiction conventions.", "Q444425": "Liu Xuan (simplified Chinese: \u5218\u7487; traditional Chinese: \u5289\u7487; pinyin: Li\u00fa Xu\u00e1n; born August 12, 1979) is a former artistic gymnast from China. She competed in the 1996 and 2000 Olympic Games and won two Olympic medals, including gold on the balance beam in 2000. She was born in Changsha, Hunan.", "Q60946": "Martin Opitz von Boberfeld (23 December 1597 \u2013 20 August 1639) was a German poet, regarded as the greatest of that nation during his lifetime.", "Q2028": "Verona ( v\u0259-ROH-n\u0259, Italian: [ve\u02c8ro\u02d0na] (listen); Venetian: Verona or Ver\u00f2na is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Italy, with 258,108 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the second largest city municipality in the region and the third largest in northeast Italy. The metropolitan area of Verona covers an area of 1,426 km2 (550.58 sq mi) and has a population of 714,274 inhabitants. It is one of the main tourist destinations in northern Italy because of its artistic heritage and several annual fairs, shows, and operas, such as the lyrical season in the Arena, an ancient Roman amphitheater.\nBetween the 13th and 14th century the city was ruled by the Della Scala Family. Under the rule of the family, in particular of Cangrande I della Scala, the city experienced great prosperity, becoming powerful, rich and being surrounded with new walls. The Della Scala era is survived in numerous monuments around Verona.\nTwo of William Shakespeare's plays are set in Verona: Romeo and Juliet and The Two Gentlemen of Verona. It is unknown if Shakespeare ever visited Verona or Italy, but his plays have lured many visitors to Verona and surrounding cities. The city has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO because of its urban structure and architecture.\n\n", "Q579968": "The University of Missouri (Mizzou, MU, or Missouri) is a public research university in Columbia, Missouri. It is Missouri's largest university and the flagship of the four campus University of Missouri System. Founded in 1839, it was the first public university west of the Mississippi River. It is a member of the Association of American Universities as well as a land-grant and space-grant institution.\nEnrolling 30,046 students in 2019, it offers over 300 degree programs in thirteen major academic divisions. Its well-known Missouri School of Journalism was founded by Walter Williams in 1908 as the world's first journalism school; It publishes a daily newspaper, the Columbia Missourian, and operates an NBC affiliate KOMU. The University of Missouri Research Reactor Center is the world's most powerful university research reactor and is the United States sole source of isotopes used in nuclear medicine. The university operates University of Missouri Health Care, running a number of hospitals and clinics in Mid-Missouri. Its NCAA Division I athletic teams are known as the Missouri Tigers, and compete in the Southeastern Conference. The American tradition of homecoming is claimed to have originated at Missouri.The campus is home to the State Historical Society of Missouri, and the Museum of Art and Archaeology. Its historic center, Francis Quadrangle, is a National Historic District. Jesse Hall and the Missouri Theatre are large performance venues and utilized by the University of Missouri School of Music.", "Q237690": "Alexa Davalos (born May 28, 1982) is an American actress. Her early role as Gwen Raiden on the fourth season of the TV series Angel (2002\u201303) was followed by several Hollywood films, including The Chronicles of Riddick (2004), Feast of Love (2007), The Mist (2007), Defiance (2008) and Clash of the Titans (2010). She has also appeared on the television series Reunion (2005\u201306) and in Frank Darabont's Mob City (2013). She starred as Juliana Crain, the main character in the Amazon Studios series The Man in the High Castle (2015\u20132019).", "Q285022": "Dar\u00edo Grandinetti (born March 5, 1959 in Rosario) is an Argentine Emmy-winning actor. He is known for his numerous roles in television, theater and film, where he participated in films by renowned directors such as Alejandro Doria, Pedro Almod\u00f3var and Dami\u00e1n Szifron.", "Q58201": "Audronius A\u017eubalis (born 17 January 1958 Vilnius, Lithuania) is a Lithuanian journalist and politician, serving as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania from 2010 - 2012. He was a member of the Seimas 1996\u20132000, and was elected again in 2004. He has chaired the foreign affairs committee of the Seimas. A\u017eubalis represents the Homeland Union \u2013 Lithuanian Christian Democrats, Lithuania's conservative party and part of the European People's Party.", "Q1921431": "Merchant Taylors' School (MTS) is a British independent public day school for boys. Since 1933 it has been on 285 acres (115 ha) of grounds at Sandy Lodge in the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire.Founded in 1561 by Sir Thomas White, Sir Richard Hilles, Emanuel Lucar and Stephen Hales, it was one of the nine English public schools investigated by the Clarendon Commission set up in 1861, but successfully argued that it should be omitted from the Public Schools Act 1868, as did St Paul's School, London, the other day school investigated by the Clarendon Commission.The school caters for 1100 students between the ages of 11 and 18. The school is now an all-through school from age 3 to 18 after merger with Northwood Prep School in 2015.The school's old boys, called OMTs, include naturalists, poets, academics, politicians, authors, sportsmen, actors, and military figures, including three winners of the Victoria Cross award. OMTs include Lancelot Andrewes, the translator of the King James\u2019 Bible; John Walter, founding editor of The Times; John Sulston, Nobel laureate in Physiology and Medicine; E. H. Carr, the historian, Boris Karloff, the actor, Sir James Jeans the Astronomer Royal; Lord Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury, and more. There is also a strong OMT presence in both Houses of Parliament.", "Q1780816": "The State University of New York at Albany, commonly referred to as University at Albany, SUNY Albany or UAlbany, is a public research university with campuses in the New York cities of Albany and Rensselaer and the Town of Guilderland, United States. Founded in 1844, it is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system.The university has three campuses: the Uptown Campus in Albany and Guilderland, the Downtown Campus in Albany, and the Health Sciences Campus in the City of Rensselaer, just across the Hudson River. The university enrolls 17,944 students in nine schools and colleges, which offer 50 undergraduate majors and 125 graduate degree programs. The university's academic choices include new and emerging fields in public policy, homeland security, globalization, documentary studies, biotechnology, bio-instrumentation, and informatics.\nThrough the UAlbany and SUNY-wide exchange programs, students have more than 600 study-abroad programs to choose from, as well as government and business internship opportunities in New York's capital and surrounding region. The UAlbany faculty had $103.0 million in research expenditures in 2016\u201317. for work advancing discovery in a wide range of fields. The research enterprise is in four areas: social science, public policy, life sciences and atmospheric sciences.\nSUNY Albany offers many cultural benefits, such as a contemporary art museum and the New York State Writers Institute. UAlbany plays a major role in the economic development of the Capital District and New York State. An economic impact study in 2004 estimated UAlbany's economic impact to be $1.1 billion annually in New York State \u2014 $1 billion of that in the Capital Region.", "Q228968": "Fiona Apple McAfee-Maggart (born September 13, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. Her accolades include one Grammy Award, and an additional seven Grammy Award nominations in various categories.\nThe daughter of actor Brandon Maggart, Apple was born in New York City but was raised alternating between New York and her father's home in Los Angeles. Classically trained on piano as a child, she began composing her own songs when she was eight years old. Her debut album, Tidal, containing songs written when she was 17, was released in 1996 and received a Grammy Award for Best Female Vocal Rock Performance for the single \"Criminal\". She followed with When the Pawn... (1999), produced by Jon Brion, which was also critically and commercially successful and was certified platinum.\nFor her third album, Extraordinary Machine (2005), Apple again collaborated with Brion, and began recording the album in 2002. However, Apple was reportedly unhappy with the production and opted not to release the record, leading fans to protest Epic Records, erroneously believing that the label was withholding its release. The album was eventually re-produced without Brion and released in October 2005. The album was certified gold, and nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album. In 2012, she released her fourth studio album, The Idler Wheel..., which received critical praise and was followed by a tour of the United States and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album in 2013. Apple's fifth studio album, Fetch the Bolt Cutters, was released in 2020 to widespread acclaim.\nShe has sold over 10 million albums worldwide and has received numerous awards and nominations, including a Grammy Award, 2 MTV Video Music Awards and a Billboard Music Award.", "Q3161760": "Jan Hugo Robert Arne Stenbeck (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u0251\u02d0n \u02c8st\u00ea\u02d0nb\u025bk]; 14 November 1942 \u2013 19 August 2002) was a Swedish business leader, media pioneer, sailor and financier. He was head of Kinnevik Group from 1976 and founded among other things the companies Comviq, Invik & Co AB, Tele2, Banque Invik, Millicom, Modern Times Group and NetCom Systems. Stenbeck was one of Sweden's wealthiest people, worth some $800 million.\n\n", "Q1349639": "Francis Wayne Sinatra (; January 10, 1944 \u2013 March 16, 2016), professionally known as Frank Sinatra Jr., was an American singer, songwriter, and conductor.\nHe was the son of singer and actor Frank Sinatra and his first wife, Nancy Barbato Sinatra; the younger brother of singer and actress Nancy Sinatra; and the older brother of television producer Tina Sinatra.", "Q191789": "Martha Washington (n\u00e9e Dandridge; June 13 [O.S. June 2] 1731 \u2013 May 22, 1802) was the wife of George Washington, the first President of the United States. Although the title was not coined until after her death, Martha Washington served as the inaugural First Lady of the United States. During her lifetime she was often referred to as \"Lady Washington\".She had first married Daniel Parke Custis, with whom she had four children, and was widowed by the age of 25. Two of her children by Custis survived to young adulthood. She brought her vast wealth to her marriage to Washington, which enabled him to buy land to add to his personal estate. She also brought nearly 1000 dower slaves for her use during her lifetime. They and their descendants reverted to her first husband's estate at her death and were inherited by his heirs. She and Washington did not have children together but they did rear her two surviving children by Daniel Parke Custis, including son John \"Jacky\" Parke Custis. They also helped both of their extended families.", "Q237848": "Jasmine Marie Villegas (born December 7, 1993) is an American pop and R&B singer. She was signed to Sony Music at the age of 16.\n\n", "Q143817": "Djordje \"Djoko\" Popovi\u0107-Dani\u010dar (Bukovac, Austrian Empire, 1 November 1832 - Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia, 7 April 1914) was a Serbian journalist who as editor of Sedmica (Weekly),. Srpski Dnevnik (Serbian Daily), Danica (Morningstar) and Napredak (Progress) established its reputation and founded a tradition of independent journalism. He is credited for being the first Serbian to translate the works of Miguel de Cervantes.\nThe son of a jurist, Djordje Popovi\u0107 was educated at Belgrade Lyceum (precursor to Grandes \u00e9coles). Upon graduation, abandoning the idea of being called to the bar, he began writing on literature, theatre, and politics in Srpski dnevnik (Serbian Daily), to which he contributed literary portraits under the pseudonym \"Dani\u010dar,\" after the name of the paper he founded.The turning point in Djordje Popovi\u0107-Dani\u010dar's career came on 10 March 1860 when he first started to publish Danica (Morning Star) in Novi Sad, then part of Hungary. The first issue of \"Danica\" came out on 20 February 1860, and the last 20 August 1872. Issues of the magazine were coming out every ten days, with an interruption from August 1871 to May 1872. \u0110or\u0111e Popovi\u0107 initiated and edited this magazine from the first issue until August 1871. The third paper of those times was \"Napredak\" (Progress, 1863-1869) supported by the pen and intellectual strength of Djordje Popovi\u0107-Dani\u010dar and his colleagues, Danilo Medakovi\u0107, Mihailo Polit-Desan\u010di\u0107 and Jovan Jovanovi\u0107 Zmaj. The conception of the paper was not a firm one, it often vacillated and shared the fate of the differing views of its editors, who edited the paper and its trend.\nDani\u010dar's influence on the Serbian language at the time, while it was undergoing reforms, has been significant enough to warrant a study a century later.It wasn't until forty years later that Dani\u010dar's work was completed and published. In 1864, eight chapters from Part I of Miguel de Cervantes's \"Don Quixote\" were rendered into Serbian. (Miguel de Cervantes who wrote \"Don Quixote\", a classic of Western literature, is sometimes considered both the first modern novel.) \nA contemporary of events, Djordje Popovi\u0107-Dani\u010dar once described the spirit prevailing in Serbia in one of the newspapers he was writing:\n\"When it was learned in Belgrade how Serbia had fared at the Treaty of San Stefano (1878) everyone was dismayed....\"\nHe was a corresponding member of the Society of Serbian Letters, elected on 21 January 1862. Also, a member of the Serbian Learned Society, appointed on the date of its foundation 29 May 1864. He was elected full member on January 30, 1885, at the Committee for Philosophical and Philological Sciences. He became a member of the Serbian Royal Academy on 15 November 1892.\nIt was Djordje Popovi\u0107-Dani\u010dar who discovered the poetic talents of Laza Kosti\u0107.", "Q324820": "Fran\u00e7ois Cavanna (22 February 1923 \u2013 29 January 2014) was a French author and satirical newspaper editor.\nHe contributed to the creation and success of Hara-Kiri and Charlie Hebdo. He wrote in a variety of genres including reportage, satire, essays, novels, autobiography and humor. He also translated six books about famous cartoonists.\nCavanna was born in Nogent-sur-Marne. Although raised in France, he grew up surrounded by Italian immigrants due to his father being from Bettola, Italy. He treated this life in his books Les Ritals and L'\u0153il du lapin. At the age of 16, he took up various part-time jobs. He delivered letters for the postal service, sold fruits and vegetables, and was a mason's apprentice. His journalistic d\u00e9but came in 1945 when he began to work for the daily Lib\u00e9ration.\nIn November 1969, Hara-Kiri''s sister weekly magazine was banned . Cavanna came up with the idea of renaming the magazine for the next week's issue, and thus, Charlie Hebdo was born.Later, he turned to autobiographical writing. Les Ritals, dealt with his childhood, while Les Russkoffs (and later Maria) treated his experience in World War II. Les Russkoffs was the novel for which he won the Prix Interalli\u00e9 in 1979. In B\u00eate et m\u00e9chant and Les yeux plus grands que le ventre he tells his hilarious experiences in Hara-Kiri and Charlie Hebdo. The final book of his published while he was still living, Lune de miel, deals with Cavanna's Parkinson disease.", "Q44628": "Rob Szatkowski (born December 18, 1970), better known by his ring name Rob Van Dam(frequently abbreviated to RVD), is an American professional wrestler and actor currently signed to Impact Wrestling. He has won 21 total championships, and is the only wrestler in history to have held the WWE Championship, the ECW World Heavyweight Championship, and the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. He headlined many pay-per-view events throughout three decades between the 1990s and 2010s, including the 1998 edition of November to Remember (ECW flagship event) and 2011 edition of TripleMania (AAA flagship event). In 2002, Van Dam was ranked the number one pro wrestler in the world by Pro Wrestling Illustrated. He was voted \"Most Popular Wrestler\" by readers of the magazine in 2001 and again in 2002. WWE named him the greatest star in ECW history in 2014.Van Dam gained mainstream popularity in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), where he became one of the most famous wrestlers of the promotion. During his time in ECW, he was managed by Bill Alfonso and have feuds with Jerry Lynn and Sabu, forming a tag team with the latter. The would won the ECW Tag Team Championship twice with Sabu. On April 4, 1998, Van Dam defeated Bam Bam Bigelow to win the ECW Television Championship, a title he held for 700 days until he vacated the championship due to an injury on March 4, 2000. While Van Dam worked as a heel, he became very popular with fans, winning the Pro Wrestling Illustrated's Most Popular Wrestler award in 1998, being the only heel wrestler to win the award.\nWhen the ECW closed, Van Dam signed a contract with World Wrestling Federation and was involved in The Invasion storyline, where several WCW and ECW joined forces against WWF wrestlers. When the Invasion ended, Van Dam wrestled the following years as singles and tag team wrestler, winning the Hardcore, Intercontinental, Tag Team and World Tag Team Championships. At WrestleMania 22, Rob Van Dam won the Money in the Bank Ladder match. After this victory, he received a big push and challenged the WWE Champion John Cena to a title match at One Night Stand, an ECW-themed PPV. At the event, Van Dam defeated Cena and won his first World Championship. Two days later, Paul Heyman awarded Van Dam with the reactivated ECW World Heavyweight Championship.\nAfter leaving WWE in 2006, Van Dam worked on the independent circuit until he signed a contract with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) in 2010. A few months after his debut, he defeated AJ Styles to win the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. He would remain under contract with TNA until 2013. \nVan Dam has performed as an actor in a number of TV shows, including an episode of The X-Files. He also performed in the 2010 movie Wrong Side of Town.\n\n", "Q88550": "Wilhelm Meisl (26 December 1895 in Vienna \u2013 12 June 1968 in Locarno) was an Austrian-Jewish sports journalist in the 20th century. He was the brother of the Austrian national football manager, Hugo Meisl.\nMeisl's writings did much to transform the way football was perceived and played throughout continental Europe. In 1955, he coined the phrase 'The Whirl' to describe the play of his brother's Austrian 'Wunderteam' of the 1930s. He wrote: \"We must free our soccer youth from the shackles of playing to order, along rails as it were. We must give them ideas and encourage them to develop their own\".Meisl's early career showed an inclination toward sports and participation. He played amateur football as a goalkeeper in Vienna, and was even selected for the national side by his brother. He played tennis, boxing, swam, played water polo and later coached the Swedish side Hammarby Fotboll for two seasons from 1923. He completed legal studies in the early 1920s but his career was in print, working for a Berlin newspaper (Vossische Zeitung) from 1924 to 1933 before establishing himself as an astute author and editor.He emigrated to the United Kingdom in January, 1934 following the Nazis' seizure of power in Germany and continued as a journalist. He assisted the British Olympic Committee in working in their press department in preparation for the 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin, joined the British Army, and was a staff member of the Foreign Office.", "Q120432": "Jane Bowles (; born Jane Sydney Auer; February 22, 1917 \u2013 May 4, 1973) was an American writer and playwright.", "Q178881": "George Rockingham Gilmer (April 11, 1790 \u2013 November 16, 1859) was an American politician. He served two non-consecutive terms as the 34th Governor of Georgia, the first from 1829 to 1831 and the second from 1837 to 1839. He also served multiple terms in the United States House of Representatives.", "Q552535": "Ahmet \u00c7akar (born August 3, 1962) is a Turkish sportscaster and a former football referee.", "Q7150": "Ecology (from Greek: \u03bf\u1f36\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2, \"house\", or \"environment\"; -\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \"study of\") is a branch of biology concerning interactions among organisms and their biophysical environment, which includes both biotic and abiotic components. Topics of interest include the biodiversity, distribution, biomass, and populations of organisms, as well as cooperation and competition within and between species. Ecosystems are dynamically interacting systems of organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and niche construction, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits.\nEcology is not synonymous with environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It overlaps with the closely related sciences of evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain:\n\nLife processes, interactions, and adaptations\nThe movement of materials and energy through living communities\nThe successional development of ecosystems\nThe abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology has practical applications in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber, and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection, and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.\nThe word \"ecology\" (\"\u00d6kologie\") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel. Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.", "Q742952": "William Dickson Boyce (June 16, 1858 \u2013 June 11, 1929) was an American newspaper man, entrepreneur, magazine publisher, and explorer. He was the founder of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and the short-lived Lone Scouts of America (LSA). Born in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, he acquired a love for the outdoors early in his life. After working as a schoolteacher and a coal miner, Boyce attended Wooster Academy in Ohio before moving to the Midwest and Canada. An astute businessman, Boyce successfully established several newspapers, such as The Commercial in Winnipeg, Manitoba and the Lisbon Clipper in Lisbon, North Dakota. With his first wife, Mary Jane Beacom, he moved to Chicago to pursue his entrepreneurial ambitions. There he established the Mutual Newspaper Publishing Company and the weekly Saturday Blade, which catered to a rural audience and was distributed by thousands of newspaper boys. With his novel employment of newsboys to boost newspaper sales, Boyce's namesake publishing company maintained a circulation of 500,000 copies per week by 1894. Boyce strongly supported worker rights, as demonstrated by his businesses' support of labor unions and his concern for his newsboys' well-being.\nBy the early years of the 20th century, Boyce had become a multi-millionaire and had taken a step back from his businesses to pursue his interests in civic affairs, devoting more time to traveling and participating in expeditions. In 1909, he embarked on a two-month trip to Europe and a large photographic expedition to Africa with photographer George R. Lawrence and cartoonist John T. McCutcheon. Over the next two decades, Boyce led expeditions to South America, Europe, and North Africa, where he visited the newly discovered tomb of King Tutankhamun.\nBoyce learned about Scouting while passing through London during his first expedition to Africa in 1909. According to somewhat fictionalized legend, Boyce had become lost in the dense London fog, but was guided back to his destination by a young boy, who told him that he was merely doing his duty as a Boy Scout. Boyce then read printed material on Scouting, and on his return to the United States, he formed the B.S.A.\nFrom its start, Boyce focused the Scouting program on teaching self-reliance, citizenship, resourcefulness, patriotism, obedience, cheerfulness, courage, and courtesy in order \"to make men\". After clashing over the Scouting program with the first Chief Scout Executive James E. West, he left the B.S.A. and founded the L.S.A. in January 1915, which catered to rural boys who had limited opportunities to form a troop or a patrol.\nIn June 1924, five years before Boyce's death, a merger was completed between the B.S.A. and the struggling L.S.A. Boyce received many awards and memorials for his efforts in the U.S. Scouting movement, including the famed \"Silver Buffalo Award\".", "Q358525": "Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0446\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432; 19 June 1933 \u2013 30 June 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 11 mission and was part of the second space crew to die during a space flight. On board the space station Salyut 1 he operated the Orion 1 Space Observatory (see Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories), he became the first man to operate a telescope outside the Earth's atmosphere.\nAfter a normal re-entry, the capsule was opened and the crew was found dead. It was discovered that a valve had opened just prior to leaving orbit that had allowed the capsule's atmosphere to vent away into space, suffocating the crew. One of Patsayev's hands was found to be bruised, and he may have been trying to shut the valve manually at the time he lost consciousness.\nPatsayev's ashes were interned in the Kremlin Wall on Red Square in Moscow. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the Order of Lenin and the title of Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR. The lunar crater Patsaev and the minor planet 1791 Patsayev are named for him.", "Q97470": "Rosa Maria Antonetta Paulina Assing (n\u00e9e Varnhagen; 28 May 1783, D\u00fcsseldorf \u2013 22 January 1840, Hamburg) was a German lyric poet, prose-writer, educator, translator and silhouette artist. She was the elder sister of Karl August Varnhagen, the sister-in-law of Rahel Levin, and the mother of Ottilie and Ludmilla Assing. Her friends included Amalie Schoppe, David Veit and Fanny Tarnow.", "Q106393": "Liesl Karlstadt (12 December 1892 \u2013 27 June 1960) was a German actress and cabaret performer. Alongside Karl Valentin, she set the tone for a generation of popular culture in Munich. She appeared in more than 75 films between 1913 and 1960.", "Q81212": "Pepin the Short (German: Pippin der Kurze, French: P\u00e9pin le Bref, c. 714 \u2013 24 September 768) was the King of the Franks from 751 until his death in 768. He was the first of the Carolingians to become king.The younger son of the Frankish prince Charles Martel and his wife Rotrude, Pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the monks of St. Denis. Succeeding his father as the Mayor of the Palace in 741, Pepin reigned over Francia jointly with his elder brother Carloman. Pepin ruled in Neustria, Burgundy and Provence, while his older brother Carloman established himself in Austrasia, Alemannia and Thuringia. The brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the Bavarians, Aquitanians, Saxons and the Alemanni in the early years of their reign. In 743, they ended the Frankish interregnum by choosing Childeric III, who was to be the last Merovingian monarch, as figurehead king of the Franks.\nBeing well disposed towards the church and papacy on account of their ecclesiastical upbringing, Pepin and Carloman continued their father's work in supporting Saint Boniface in reforming the Frankish church, and evangelising the Saxons. After Carloman, who was an intensely pious man, retired to religious life in 747, Pepin became the sole ruler of the Franks. He suppressed a revolt led by his half-brother Grifo, and succeeded in becoming the undisputed master of all Francia. Giving up pretense, Pepin then forced Childeric into a monastery and had himself proclaimed king of the Franks with support of Pope Zachary in 751. The decision was not supported by all members of the Carolingian family and Pepin had to put down a revolt led by Carloman's son, Drogo, and again by Grifo.\nAs king, Pepin embarked on an ambitious program to expand his power. He reformed the legislation of the Franks and continued the ecclesiastical reforms of Boniface. Pepin also intervened in favour of the papacy of Stephen II against the Lombards in Italy. He was able to secure several cities, which he then gave to the Pope as part of the Donation of Pepin. This formed the legal basis for the Papal States in the Middle Ages. The Byzantines, keen to make good relations with the growing power of the Frankish empire, gave Pepin the title of Patricius. In wars of expansion, Pepin conquered Septimania from the Islamic Umayyads, and subjugated the southern realms by repeatedly defeating Waiofar and his Gascon troops, after which the Gascon and Aquitanian lords saw no option but to pledge loyalty to the Franks. Pepin was, however, troubled by the relentless revolts of the Saxons and the Bavarians. He campaigned tirelessly in Germany, but the final subjugation of these tribes was left to his successors.\nPepin died in 768 and was succeeded by his sons Charlemagne and Carloman. Although unquestionably one of the most powerful and successful rulers of his time, Pepin's reign is largely overshadowed by that of his more famous son, Charlemagne.", "Q234399": "Christine Guldbrandsen (born 19 March 1985 in Bergen, Norway) is a singer who is best known internationally for being the Norwegian entrant in the 2006 Eurovision Song Contest. She has released three albums in Scandinavia: Surfing in the Air, Moments, and Christine. A new album, Colors, was released on 8 April 2011. She sings mainly in Norwegian and English.", "Q661621": "Wolfhalden is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q2164531": "Rounder Records is an independent record label founded in 1970 in Somerville, Massachusetts by Marian Leighton Levy, Ken Irwin, and Bill Nowlin. Focused on American roots music, Rounder's catalogue of more than 3000 titles includes records by Alison Krauss and Union Station, George Thorogood, Tony Rice, and B\u00e9la Fleck, in addition to re-releases of seminal albums by artists such as the Carter Family, Jelly Roll Morton, Lead Belly, and Woody Guthrie. \"Championing and preserving the music of artists whose music falls outside of the mainstream,\" Rounder releases have won 54 Grammy Awards representing diverse genres, from bluegrasss, folk, reggae, and gospel to pop, rock, Americana, polka and world music. Acquired by Concord 2010, Rounder is based in Nashville, Tennessee.", "Q394885": "Agnieszka Grochowska (born 31 December 1979) is a Polish film and theatre actress.", "Q11946286": "Rosa M. Mir\u00f3-Roig (born August 6, 1960) is a professor of mathematics at the University of Barcelona, specializing in algebraic geometry and commutative algebra. She did her graduate studies at the University of Barcelona, earning a Ph.D. in 1985 under the supervision of Sebasti\u00e0 Xamb\u00f3-Descamps with a thesis entitled Haces reflexivos sobre espacios proyectivos.", "Q580473": "James King (May 22, 1925 \u2013 November 20, 2005) was an American operatic tenor who had an active international singing career in operas and concerts from the 1950s through 2000. Widely regarded as one of the finest American heldentenors of the post-war period, he excelled in performances of the works of Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss.\nKing made several recording during his career, most notably singing the role of Siegmund in Die Walkure for Sir Georg Solti's famous recording of Wagner's Ring Cycle. He was a member of the voice faculties at the University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City and the Jacobs School of Music of Indiana University.", "Q87850": "Adam Kuckhoff (30 August 1887 in Aachen \u2013 5 August 1943) was a German writer, journalist, and German resistance member of the anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Gestapo.", "Q1343499": "Enoch Henry Light (18 August 1905, in Canton, Ohio \u2013 31 July 1978, in Redding, Connecticut) was an American classically trained violinist, danceband leader, and recording engineer. As the leader of various dance bands that recorded as early as March 1927 and continuing through at least 1940, Light and his band primarily worked in various hotels in New York. For a time in 1928 he also led a band in Paris. In the 1930s Light also studied conducting with the French conductor Maurice Frigara in Paris.Throughout the 1930s, Light and his outfits were steadily employed in the generally more upscale hotel restaurants and ballrooms in New York that catered to providing polite ambiance for dining and functional dance music of current popular songs rather than out-and-out jazz.\nAt some point his band was tagged \"The Light Brigade\" and they often broadcast over radio live from the Hotel Taft in New York where they had a long residency. Through 1940, Light and his band recorded for various labels including Brunswick, ARC, Vocalion and Bluebird. Later on, as A&R (Artists and Repertoire) chief and vice-president of Grand Award Records, he founded his own label, Command Records, in 1959. Light's name was prominent on many albums both as musician and producer.", "Q812573": "Baylor University, or simply Baylor, is a private Baptist Christian university in Waco, Texas. Chartered in 1845 by the last Congress of the Republic of Texas, it is the oldest continuously operating university in Texas and one of the first educational institutions west of the Mississippi River in the United States. Located on the banks of the Brazos River next to I-35, between the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex and Austin, the university's 1,000-acre campus is the largest Baptist university campus in the world. Baylor University's athletic teams, known as the Bears, participate in 19 intercollegiate sports. The university is a member of the Big 12 Conference in the NCAA Division I.", "Q157651": "Gust\u00e1v Hus\u00e1k (UK: , US: , Slovak: [\u02c8\u0261usta\u02d0\u028a\u032f \u02c8\u0266usa\u02d0k]; 10 January 1913 \u2013 18 November 1991) was a Slovak communist politician, who served as the long-term First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1969 to 1987 and the president of Czechoslovakia from 1975 to 1989. His rule is known as the period of the so-called \"Normalization\" after the Prague Spring.", "Q460578": "Michael Gregg Wilson OBE (born January 21, 1942) is an American-British screenwriter and film producer, best known for his association with the James Bond film series.", "Q119258": "Nicholas Fish (August 28, 1758 \u2013 June 20, 1833) was an American Revolutionary War soldier. He was the first Adjutant General of New York.", "Q101417": "Gerd Ruge (born 9 August 1928) is a German journalist, author and filmmaker.", "Q130812": "Mary II (30 April 1662 \u2013 28 December 1694) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, co-reigning with her husband, King William III & II, from 1689 until her death. Popular histories usually refer to their joint reign as that of William and Mary. \nAlthough their father James, Duke of York, was Roman Catholic, Mary and her younger sister Anne were raised as Anglicans at the wishes of their uncle, King Charles II. Charles lacked legitimate children, making Mary second in the line of succession. She married her Protestant first cousin, William of Orange, in 1677. Charles died in 1685 and James took the throne, making Mary heir presumptive. James's attempts at rule by decree and the birth of his son, James Francis Edward Stuart, led to his deposition in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the adoption of the English Bill of Rights.\nWilliam and Mary became king and queen regnant. Mary mostly deferred to William, a renowned military leader and principal opponent of Louis XIV, when he was in England. She did, however, act alone when William was engaged in military campaigns abroad, proving herself to be a powerful, firm, and effective ruler. Mary's death left William as sole ruler until his own death in 1702, when he was succeeded by Mary's sister, Anne.", "Q967846": "Umberto Agnelli (Italian: [um\u02c8b\u025brto a\u0272\u02c8\u0272\u025blli]; 1 November 1934 \u2013 27 May 2004) was an Italian industrialist and politician. He was the third son of Virginia Agnelli (born Donna Virginia Bourbon del Monte) and of Edoardo Agnelli, and the youngest brother of Gianni Agnelli.\nHe served as a CEO of Italian carmaker Fiat from 1970 to 1976 and, on the death of his brother Gianni, was briefly chairman of the FIAT Group, 2003\u20132004, until his own death, aged 69, the following year. He was also chairman and later honorary chairman of Juventus, the football team long-associated with FIAT and the Agnelli family, and was for a time the president of the Italian Football Association. \nHe was a senator of the Italian Republic, from 1976 to 1979. In 2015, he was posthumously inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame.", "Q74700": "Fritz Kater (12 December 1861 \u2013 20 May 1945) was a German trade unionist active in the Free Association of German Trade Unions (FVdG) and its successor organization, the Free Workers' Union of Germany. He was the editor of the FVdG's organ Einigkeit and\u2014after World War I\u2014owner of the publishing houses Fritz Kater Verlag and Syndikalist.\nThe son of a farmhand, Kater was born in 1861 in Barleben. His mother died when he was two years old. From the age of five, he had to work on the farm or at home in order to support his family. During his final two years in school, he also worked in a local sugar factory during the winter. Even after Kater started an apprenticeship as a mason, he still had to help his father on the farm as the elderly man was frequently ill. Only during the winter did Kater have spare time to read and educate himself. Fritz Reuter, a humorous poet who wrote in Low German, was his favorite writer.\nKater joined the mason's trade union in Magdeburg in 1883 at a time when the Anti-Socialist Laws forbade most union activities. He came into contact with socialists from Berlin and Hamburg soon becoming a socialist himself under their influence. Kater soon began spending much of his spare time reading illegal socialist literature, and became active in the union's clandestine activities.\nIn 1887, Kater joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In the same year he also founded a masons' union in Barleben, becoming the organization's first chairman. His unionist activities, which included trying to organize workers from the sugar factory he had worked in his youth, attracted resentment from the local authorities, especially from the head of the district authority, an extremely conservative Junker. In 1889 he was sentenced to a two-month prison term for holding an illegal meeting and in the following year he served even more time in jail for giving a speech held to be seditious.\nAfter the expiration of the Anti-Socialist Laws in 1890, Kater had close contacts with the opposition political movement Die Jungen, which was influenced by anarchist ideas. Kater was one of the founders of the Magdeburger Volksstimme, a social democratic newspaper started soon after the sunset of the Anti-Socialist Laws. The editors of the newspaper included several adherents of Die Jungen. At the 1891 Social Democratic Party (SPD) congress, Kater voted against the expelling Die Jungen movement from the party. Nevertheless, he remained in the party and did not join the new organization formed by Die Jungen, the Association of Independent Socialists.\nIn 1892, Kater moved to Berlin. There he worked as a mason, was elected a delegate for the city masons' union, and became an agitator. During the debates over the organisational structure of the union, he supported the \"localist\" concept as well as the creation of the Representatives Centralization of Germany in 1897 (which renamed itself the FVdG in 1903). He became the first chairman of the federation's Business Commission.\nIn 1907, after Kater refused a staff job with the centralized trade unions and declined to run as a delegate to the Reichstag delegate, he left the SPD. Though critical toward anarchism and syndicalism at first, Kater soon became a leading anarchosyndicalist figure in Germany. During a speech at the 1908 FVdG congress, Kater openly professed syndicalism for the first time. In 1913, he was a delegate at the First International Syndicalist Congress at Holborn Town Hall, London.\nFritz Kater was instrumental in sustaining the FVdG's structures during World War I and was one of the founders of the Free Workers' Union of Germany (FAUD) after the war. He worked for the FAUD as a speaker and author, representing the trade union at various congresses of the International Workers Association. In 1930, he resigned as chairman of the FAUD because of his age.\nOn May 8, 1945, Kater attempted to defuse a dud bazooka shell. The shell exploded, causing burns to his face and chest. Kater died twelve days later in the hospital.\n\n", "Q108355": "August Schirmer (born 16 June 1905 in Celle; died 30 October 1948 in Celle) was a German architect, engineer, elected member of the Reichstag, Central Office Manager in the Amt Rosenberg. From 1939 until 1943 he was head of an anti-Jewish propaganda publication service and news agency called Welt-Dienst / World-Service / Service Mondial.", "Q23880": "Ana Lila Downs S\u00e1nchez (born September 9, 1968) is a Mexican singer-songwriter and actress. She performs her own compositions and the works of others in multiple genres, as well as tapping into Mexican traditional and popular music. She also incorporates indigenous Mexican influences and has recorded songs in many indigenous languages such as Mixtec, Zapotec, Mayan, Nahuatl and Pur\u00e9pecha. Born and raised in Oaxaca, she primarily studied at the Institute of Arts by Oaxaca and briefly attended University of Minnesota, before withdrawing to focus on her musical career. She soon began performing in the traditional music scene of Oaxaca City.\nHer first album, Ofrenda, was released in 1994. In 1999, Downs came to prominence with her debut studio album, La Sandunga, which was a critical and commercial success. She achieved international success in 2001 with the album Border which emerged in the music scene of Mexico and Latin America in the early 2000s (decade). Downs's seventh album, Pecados y milagros (2011), topped album charts in most major markets and generated chart-topping world music albums. Her eighth album, \"Balas y Chocolate\", was released in 2015. \"Sal\u00f3n L\u00e1grimas y Deseo\", her ninth album, came out in 2017.\nDowns began performing in school, demonstrating her vocal ability with traditional music, Latin and American influences, and with her own original twist on dancing. Downs, a native Spanish speaker, also speaks fluent Mixtec and English. Downs through her activism has gone through great lengths to preserve the Mixtec language as well as many other Indigenous Mexican languages.\nInfluenced by Chavela Vargas, Mercedes Sosa, Lucha Villa, and Amparo Ochoa, Lila Downs is recognized for her flamboyant, diverse and outr\u00e9 contributions to the music industry through her traditional and authentic fashion, the majority of which are based around Mexico's indigenous peoples' styles, cultures and heritages, which show through her performances and music videos. Her achievements include one Grammy Award and three Latin Grammy Awards.\nBesides her musical career, she involves herself with humanitarian causes and political activism, especially dealing with issues of Latin America's indigenous population.", "Q128085": "Sir Georg Solti, (\u02c8\u0283olti; born Gy\u00f6rgy Stern; 21 October 1912 \u2013 5 September 1997) was a Hungarian-born British orchestral and operatic conductor, best known for his appearances with opera companies in Munich, Frankfurt and London, and as a long-serving music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Born in Budapest, he studied there with B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k, Le\u00f3 Weiner and Ern\u0151 Dohn\u00e1nyi. In the 1930s, he was a r\u00e9p\u00e9titeur at the Hungarian State Opera and worked at the Salzburg Festival for Arturo Toscanini. His career was interrupted by the rise of the Nazis' influence on Hungarian politics, and being of Jewish background he fled the increasingly harsh Hungarian anti-Jewish laws in 1938. After conducting a season of Russian ballet in London at the Royal Opera House he found refuge in Switzerland, where he remained during the Second World War. Prohibited from conducting there, he earned a living as a pianist.\nAfter the war, Solti was appointed musical director of the Bavarian State Opera in Munich in 1946. In 1952 he moved to the Oper Frankfurt, where he remained in charge for nine years. He took West German citizenship in 1953. In 1961 he became musical director of the Covent Garden Opera Company, London. During his ten-year tenure, he introduced changes that raised standards to the highest international levels. Under his musical directorship the status of the company was recognised with the grant of the title \"the Royal Opera\". He became a British citizen in 1972.\nIn 1969 Solti became music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, a post he held for 22 years. He relinquished the position in 1991 and became the orchestra's music director laureate, a position he held until his death. During his time as the Chicago Symphony Orchestra's eighth music director, he also served as music director of the Orchestre de Paris from 1972 until 1975 and principal conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra from 1979 until 1983.\nKnown in his early years for the intensity of his music making, Solti was widely considered to have mellowed as a conductor in later years. He recorded many works two or three times at various stages of his career, and was a prolific recording artist, making more than 250 recordings, including 45 complete opera sets. The most famous of his recordings is probably Decca's complete set of Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, made between 1958 and 1965. Solti's Ring has twice been voted the greatest recording ever made, in polls for Gramophone magazine in 1999 and the BBC's Music Magazine in 2012. Solti was repeatedly honoured by the recording industry with awards throughout his career, including a record 31 Grammy Awards as a recording artist.", "Q719003": "Arzu Toker (born 1952) is a German-speaking writer, journalist, publicist and translator of Turkish descent.", "Q60775": "Dieter Baumann (born 9 February 1965) is a former German athlete and winner of 5000 m at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He also won the silver medal in the same event (5000 m) at the 1988 Summer Olympics. In 1999 Baumann tested positive for nandrolone and received a two-year suspension.", "Q239656": "Lee Chang-dong (Korean: \uc774\ucc3d\ub3d9; Hanja: \u674e\u6ec4\u6771; born July 4, 1954) is a South Korean film director, screenwriter, and novelist. He has directed six feature films: Green Fish (1997), Peppermint Candy (2000), Oasis (2002), Secret Sunshine (2007), Poetry (2010), and Burning (2018). Burning became the first Korean film to make it to the 91st Academy Awards' final nine-film shortlist for Best Foreign Language Film. Burning also won the Fipresci International Critics' Prize at the 71st Cannes Film Festival, Best Foreign Language Film in Los Angeles Film Critics Association, and Best Foreign Language Film in Toronto Film Critics Association.\nLee has won Silver Lion for Best Director and Fipresci International Critics' Prize at the 2002 Venice Film Festival and the Best Screenplay Award at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival. He also won the award for Achievement in Directing at the 4th Asia Pacific Screen Awards in 2017, Jury Grand Prize at the 2018 Asia Pacific Screen Awards, Best Director and Lifetime Achievement Award at the 13th Asian Film Awards in 2019, and he has been nominated for the Golden Lion and the Palme d'Or. Lee served as South Korea's Minister of Culture and Tourism from 2003 to 2004.", "Q2842405": "Ambroise Roux (26 June 1921 \u2013 4 April 1999) was a French businessman and political advisor. He was the chief executive officer of Compagnie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 (later known as Alcatel) from 1970 to 1981. He was the founding president of the French Association of Private Enterprises (AFEP). On his death, President Jacques Chirac called him \"one of the great figures of French capitalism.\"", "Q94192": "National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine is a university in Dnipro for the study of metallurgical engineering.", "Q70566": "Hermann Baumann (born 1 August 1934) is a horn player, academic teacher and composer.\nAfter starting his musical career as a singer and jazz drummer he switched to horn at the age of 17. He studied with Fritz Huth at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik W\u00fcrzburg and then played principal horn in various orchestras for 12 years, including the Dortmunder Philharmoniker and the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra.\nHis career as a soloist started in 1964 when he won second prize in the prestigious ARD International Music Competition in Munich. Since then he has played on many solo and chamber albums, including Virtuoso Horn, released in 2094. He has done pioneering work in Baroque music and also in the revival of performance on the natural horn of the classical period. In 1999, the Historic Brass Society honored him with the Christopher Monk Award for his lifelong contribution to music on old instruments.\nBaumann taught at the Folkwang Hochschule in Essen for 30 years and at horn conventions around the world.", "Q1651518": "Johnny Maddox (August 4, 1927 \u2013 November 27, 2018) was an American ragtime pianist, historian, and collector of music memorabilia.", "Q3272997": "Russian Technological University (MIREA) (RTU MIREA) is an institution of higher education in Moscow which was formed in 2015 as a result of the merger of MIREA, MGUPI, M.V. Lomonosov MITHT and a number of educational, scientific, design and production organizations.\nIt was founded in 1947 as All-Union Correspondence Power Institute, and in 1967 the government resolution of June 30, 1967 No. 588 transformed it into Moscow Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation which started day-time students training.\nThe University is the member of the Association of Top Industrial Managers for Europe (T.I.M.E.), the Association of Sino-Russian Technical Universities, the International Association of Universities, the European Association of Research Managers and Administrators and some others. The RTU MIREA academic programs are certified according to the international standards.\nThe RTU MIREA cooperates with more than 50 hi-tech production enterprises on the basis of which the departments of the University function. \nRTU MIREA houses modern scientific laboratories and educational centers, student's design offices as well as academies of leading global manufacturers (Cisco, Microsoft, EMC, VMware, Huawei, Samsung, etc.)", "Q69037": "Collonge-Bellerive is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.", "Q71678": "Karl Alexander, 5th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, full German name: Karl Alexander F\u00fcrst von Thurn und Taxis (22 February 1770 \u2013 15 July 1827) was the fifth Prince of Thurn and Taxis, head of the Thurn-und-Taxis-Post, and Head of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis from 13 November 1805 until his death on 15 July 1827. With the death of his father on 13 November 1805, he became nominal Generalpostmeister of the Imperial Reichspost until the resignation of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor.", "Q365129": "Arthur Coleman Danto (January 1, 1924 \u2013 October 25, 2013) was an American art critic, philosopher, and professor at Columbia University. He is best known for having been a long-time art critic for The Nation and for his work in philosophical aesthetics and philosophy of history, though he contributed significantly to a number of fields, including the philosophy of action. His interests included thought, feeling, philosophy of art, theories of representation, philosophical psychology, Hegel's aesthetics, and the philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche and Jean-Paul Sartre.", "Q227468": "Without Love is a 1945 romantic comedy film directed by Harold S. Bucquet and starring Spencer Tracy, Katharine Hepburn, and Lucille Ball. Based on a 1942 play by Philip Barry, the film's screenplay was written by Donald Ogden Stewart.", "Q3532642": "Toshitada Doi (\u571f\u4e95 \u5229\u5fe0, Doi Toshitada, born February 2, 1943) is a Japanese electrical engineer, who played a significant role in the digital audio revolution. He received a degree in electrical engineering from the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1964, and a PhD from Tohoku University in 1972.\nHe joined Sony Japan in 1964 and started the first digital audio project within Sony. He was the driving force behind the PCM adaptor, and was a prominent member of the Sony/Philips taskforce responsible for the design of the Compact Disc. He created, among others, the CIRC error correction system. He, with Kees Immink, refutes the myth that the Compact Disc's playing time was determined by Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.He was the lead engineer of the DASH multi-track digital audio tape recorder. In the 1990s, he headed Sony's Digital Creatures Laboratory, where he was responsible for the Aibo, Sony's robotic dog. In 2003, Doi created the Qrio, a running humanoid robot.", "Q4716927": "Alex Dorrian (born 1946, Glasgow) is the executive vice-president of Thales Group as of 2006. In 2002, he was awarded a CBE.", "Q105671": "Antonie Pf\u00fclf, generally known in Germany as Toni Pf\u00fclf, (1877\u20131933) was a German politician who represented the Social Democratic Party, SPD. A supporter of equal rights for women, she was an elected member of the Reichstag from 1920 to 1933. After joining her SPD colleagues in fruitlessly opposing the Enabling Act, which established rule by the Nazi regime in March 1933, she was driven to despair and committed suicide the following June.", "Q76117": "Luise M\u00fchlbach was the pen name of Clara Mundt (1814 in Neubrandenburg \u2013 1873), a German writer best known for her works of historical fiction which enjoyed a wide popularity that was short-lived. Frederick the Great and His Court (German: Friedrich der Grosse und sein Hof) and many of her other novels have been translated into English.", "Q218698": "Jerome Klapka Jerome (2 May 1859 \u2013 14 June 1927) was an English writer and humourist, best known for the comic travelogue Three Men in a Boat (1889).\nOther works include the essay collections Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow (1886) and Second Thoughts of an Idle Fellow; Three Men on the Bummel, a sequel to Three Men in a Boat, and several other novels.", "Q696242": "The Wang Jingwei regime is the common name of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (Chinese: \u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c; pinyin: Zh\u014dnghu\u00e1 m\u00edngu\u00f3 gu\u00f3m\u00edn zh\u00e8ngf\u01d4), the government of the puppet state of the Empire of Japan in eastern China called simply the Republic of China. This should not be confused with the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek, which was fighting with the Allies of World War II against Japan. The country was ruled as a one-party republic under Wang Jingwei, a very high-ranking former Kuomintang (KMT) official. The region that it would administer was initially seized by Japan throughout the late 1930s with the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Wang, a rival of Chiang Kai-shek and member of the pro-peace faction of the KMT, defected to the Japanese side and formed a collaborationist government in occupied Nanking (Nanjing) (the traditional capital of China) in 1940. The new state claimed the entirety of China during its existence, portraying itself as the legitimate inheritors of the Xinhai Revolution and Sun Yat-sen's legacy as opposed to Chiang Kai-shek's government in Chunking (Chongqing), but effectively only Japanese-occupied territory was under its direct control. Its international recognition was limited to other members of the Anti-Comintern Pact, of which it was a signatory. The Reorganized National Government existed until the end of World War II and the surrender of Japan in August 1945, at which point the regime was dissolved and many of its leading members were executed for treason.\nThe state was formed by combining the previous Reformed Government (1938\u20131940) and Provisional Government (1937\u20131940) of the Republic of China, puppet regimes which ruled the central and northern regions of China that were under Japanese control, respectively. Unlike Wang Jingwei's government, these regimes were not much more than arms of the Japanese military leadership and received no recognition even from Japan itself or its allies. However, after 1940 the former territory of the Provisional Government remained semi-autonomous from Nanjing's control, under the name: the \"North China Political Council\". The region of Mengjiang (puppet government in Inner Mongolia) was under Wang Jingwei's government only nominally. His regime was also hampered by the fact that the powers granted to it by the Japanese were extremely limited, and this was only partly changed with the signing of a new treaty in 1943 which gave it more sovereignty from Japanese control. The Japanese largely viewed it as not an end in itself but the means to an end, a bridge for negotiations with Chiang Kai-shek, which led them to often treat Wang with indifference.\n\n", "Q105117": "Uwe Karl Beckmeyer (born 26 March 1949 in Bremerhaven) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) who served as a member of the German Bundestag from 2002 until 2017.\nFrom October 2004, he served as the SPD parliamentary group's speaker on traffic, construction and urban development. From 1987 to 1991 he served as State Minister (Senator) for Economic Affairs and from 1991 to 1999 senator for foreign trade of Bremen. Since 2006, he has served as regional chairman of the SPD in Bremen.", "Q76671": "Johann Altfuldisch (born November 11, 1911, Br\u00fcckenau, Germany \u2014 died May 28, 1947, Landsberg am Lech, Bavaria, Germany) was SS-Obersturmf\u00fchrer and a guard at Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp where temporarily he was vice-chief of its central part.\nAltfuldisch was a member of the NSDAP and later on he joined the SS. In 1936 he began working at Sachsenhausen concentration camp. In 1938 he joined the Waffen-SS. Between 1938 and 1945 he held the second highest-ranking position at Mauthausen concentration camp, where he ordered and personally participated in many executions.\n\nHans Altfuldisch, second Schutzhaftlagerf\u00fchrer in Mauthausen, was accused by the witnesses to beat prisoners and that he was present when certain groups, for example allied prisoners of war were killed. \nAfter the end of World War II, he was charged by the U.S. military court at Dachau to have participated in \"executions of special ethnic groups or war prisoners\". On May 13, 1946, he was found guilty of committing the above-mentioned crimes. He was hanged on May 28, 1947 at the prison for war criminals at Landsberg Prison. His last words had been: \"I die for Germany!\"", "Q180109": "Apollonius of Perga (Greek: \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2; Latin: Apollonius Pergaeus; late 3rd \u2013 early 2nd centuries BC) was a Greek geometer and astronomer known for his theories on the topic of conic sections. Beginning from the theories of Euclid and Archimedes on the topic, he brought them to the state they were in just before the invention of analytic geometry. His definitions of the terms ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola are the ones in use today.\nApollonius worked on many other topics, including astronomy. Most of the work has not survived except in fragmentary references in other authors. His hypothesis of eccentric orbits to explain the apparently aberrant motion of the planets, commonly believed until the Middle Ages, was superseded during the Renaissance.", "Q405492": "The Socialist Workers Party (SWP) is a far-left political party in the United Kingdom. Founded as the Socialist Review Group by supporters of Tony Cliff in 1950, it became the International Socialists in 1962 and the SWP in 1977. The party considers itself to be Trotskyist. Cliff and his followers criticised the Soviet Union and its satellites, calling them state capitalist rather than socialist countries.\nThe SWP has founded several front organisations through which they have sought to coordinate and influence leftist action, such as the Anti-Nazi League in the late 1970s and the Stop the War Coalition in 2001. It also formed an alliance with George Galloway and Respect, the dissolution of which in 2007 caused an internal crisis in the SWP. A more serious internal crisis emerged at the beginning of 2013 over allegations of rape and sexual assault made against a leading member of the party. The SWP's handling of these accusations against the individual known as Comrade Delta led to a significant decline in the party's membership.On the international level, the SWP is part of the International Socialist Tendency.\n\n", "Q30624": "James Key (born 14 January 1972) is a British engineer who works in Formula One.\n\n", "Q173081": "Bruce Leslie McLaren (30 August 1937 \u2013 2 June 1970) was a New Zealand race-car designer, driver, engineer and inventor.\nHis name lives on in the McLaren team which has been one of the most successful in Formula One championship history, winning a total of 8 World Constructors' Championships and 12 World Drivers' Championships. McLaren cars dominated CanAm sports car racing with 56 wins, a considerable number of them with him behind the wheel, between 1967 and 1972 (and five constructors' championships), and have won three Indianapolis 500 races, as well as the 24 Hours of Le Mans and 12 Hours of Sebring.", "Q38278": "Thomas Thynne, 1st Viscount Weymouth (1640 \u2013 28 July 1714) was a British peer in the peerage of England.", "Q335078": "Nigel Lawson, Baron Lawson of Blaby, (born 11 March 1932) is a British Conservative politician and journalist. He was a Member of Parliament representing the constituency of Blaby from 1974 to 1992, and served in the cabinet of Margaret Thatcher from 1981 to 1989. Prior to entering the Cabinet, he served as the Financial Secretary to the Treasury from May 1979 until his promotion to Secretary of State for Energy. He was appointed as Chancellor of the Exchequer in June 1983, and served until his resignation in October 1989. In both Cabinet posts, Lawson was a key proponent of Thatcher's policies of privatisation of several key industries. Lawson oversaw the sudden deregulation of financial markets in 1986, commonly referred to as the \u2019Big Bang\u2019, which shifted the center of gravity for the world's financial markets to London from New York City.\nLawson was a backbencher from 1989 until he retired in 1992, and now sits in the House of Lords. He is still active in politics as President of Conservatives for Britain, a campaign for Britain to leave the European Union, and is a prominent critic of the European Union. He is also chairman of the climate change denial Global Warming Policy Foundation think tank. He has been an active supporter of the Eurosceptic pressure group Leave Means Leave.Currently, Lawson resides in France. However his application for French residency was refused and he is now selling his French property. He is the father of six children, including Nigella Lawson, a food writer and celebrity cook, Dominic Lawson, a journalist, and Tom Lawson, headmaster of Eastbourne College.", "Q867852": "Claude Roy (28 August 1915 \u2013 13 December 1997) was a French poet and essayist. He was born and died in Paris.", "Q462409": "The Way of the Dragon (Chinese: \u731b\u9f8d\u904e\u6c5f, originally released in the United States as Return of the Dragon) is a 1972 Hong Kong martial arts action comedy film written, co-produced and directed by Bruce Lee, who also stars in the lead role. This is Lee's only complete directorial film. The film co-stars Nora Miao, Robert Wall, Wei Ping-ou, with Chuck Norris playing his debut screen role. Way of the Dragon was released in Hong Kong on 30 December 1972.", "Q85921": "Dr. Salo Weisselberger (1867\u20131931, also named Salo von Weisselberger), Jewish leader, jurist and judge, was a member of Bukovina's Landtag during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Mayor of Czernowitz in 1912\u20131914, a member of the Senate of Romania, and then a member of its Chamber of Deputies.\nSalo Weisselberger was born in Dracynetz, near Czernowitz and studied law at the University of Czernowitz. Based on school achievements he was appointed judge at the Court of railroads and county in 1892. Later he was elected member of the Regional Parliament (Landtag) of Bukovina from 1911 to 1914 for Benno Straucher's Jewish National People's Party. He became the mayor of Czernowitz in 1913, after having served several years as vice-mayor, and in 1914 he was deported by the Russian occupation troops as a hostage to Siberia, whence he returned to Austria in 1916, after a hostage exchange in November 1915 between Russia and Austria-Hungary. He was ennobled by the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph for his sufferances.After the dissolution of Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bukovina became a part of Romania, and Weisselberger was a member of the Romanian Senate from 1922 to 1926 and of the Chamber of Deputies from 1927 to 1928. When elected to the Senate for Czernowitz, he got 3,800 votes against 1,991 for the Social Democrat candidate, the Bundist Leon Gheller. The seat was beforehand occupied by another Social Democrat, George Grigorovici.He died in March 1931 in a Vienna sanatorium.", "Q91954": "Michael Schindhelm (born 1 October 1960 in Eisenach, Thuringia) is a German-born Swiss author, filmmaker and curator. \n\n", "Q743319": "T\u00f5nis Palts (born 29 March 1953, in Kuressaare) is an Estonian politician and former mayor of Tallinn and Minister of Finance.", "Q3548850": "Marvin Jay Marquez Cuyugan, better known by his stage name, Marvin Agustin, (born January 29, 1979) is a Filipino actor, chef and entrepreneur.", "Q601658": "Jean Emile Humbert (23 July 1771 in The Hague \u2013 20 February 1839 in Livorno) was a Dutch lieutenant-colonel who can be credited with rediscovering ancient Carthage. As an agent for the Dutch government he procured vital parts of the collection of the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden. Humbert was awarded the Order of the Netherlands Lion for his archaeological work.", "Q64275": "Egerkingen is a municipality in the district of G\u00e4u in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q24889": "Ran Masaki (Japanese: \u771f\u54b2 \u4e71, Hepburn: Masaki Ran) (July 26, 1965 - ) is a former Japanese AV idol, pink film actress and gravure model who was active in the 1980s and rose to prominence as Nikkatsu's final \"SM Queen\" (SM\u306e\u5973\u738b, SM no jo\u014d) from 1985 to 1986. Masaki starred in three Roman Porno films (two of them written by Oniroku Dan). She also appeared until 1987 in several adult videos mainly focusing on her full-figured body.\nSome sources, such as the JMDB, erroneously list her as the same person with Ran Mizukami (\u6c34\u4e0a \u4e71, Mizukami Ran), a pink film actress of the same period, also known as the fetish model Sawako (\u4f50\u548c\u5b50).", "Q185071": "Terms of Endearment is a 1983 American comedy-drama film adapted from Larry McMurtry's 1975 novel, directed, written, and produced by James L. Brooks, and starring Shirley MacLaine, Debra Winger, Jack Nicholson, Danny DeVito, Jeff Daniels, and John Lithgow. The film covers 30 years of the relationship between Aurora Greenway (MacLaine) and her daughter Emma (Winger).\nThe film was a major critical and commercial success, grossing $108.4 million at the domestic box office and becoming the second-highest-grossing film of 1983. It received a leading eleven nominations at the 56th Academy Awards, and won five: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actress for MacLaine, and Best Supporting Actor for Nicholson.\n\n", "Q262652": "Azura Dawn Storozynski (born November 8, 1981), known professionally as Azura Skye, is an American actress who first gained recognition for her role as Jane on The WB television sitcom Zoe, Duncan, Jack and Jane. She also had a 2-episode role as Cassie Newton in the seventh season of Buffy the Vampire Slayer.", "Q170588": "The Republic of Texas (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de Tejas) was a sovereign nation in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846. It was bordered by Mexico to the west and southwest, the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast, the two U.S. states of Louisiana and Arkansas to the east and northeast, and United States territories encompassing parts of the current U.S. states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico to the north and west. The citizens of the republic were known as Texians.\nThe region of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas commonly referred to as Mexican Texas declared its independence from Mexico during the Texas Revolution in 1835\u20131836. The Texas war of independence ended on April 21, 1836, but Mexico refused to recognize the independence of the Republic of Texas, and intermittent conflicts between the two states continued into the 1840s. The United States recognized the Republic of Texas in March 1837 but declined to annex the territory.The Republic-claimed borders were based upon the Treaties of Velasco between the newly created Texas Republic and Antonio L\u00f3pez de Santa Anna of Mexico. The eastern boundary had been defined by the Adams\u2013On\u00eds Treaty of 1819 between the United States and Spain, which recognised the Sabine River as the eastern boundary of Spanish Texas and western boundary of the Missouri Territory. Under the Adams\u2013On\u00eds Treaty of 1819 the United States had renounced its claim to Spanish land to the east of the Rocky Mountains and to the north of the Rio Grande, which it claimed to have acquired as part of the Louisiana Purchase of 1803.\nThe republic's southern and western boundary with Mexico was disputed throughout the republic's existence. Texas claimed the Rio Grande as its southern boundary, while Mexico insisted that the Nueces River was the boundary. In practice, much of the disputed territory was occupied by the Comanche and outside the control of either state, but Texian claims included the eastern portions of New Mexico, which was administered by Mexico throughout this period. \nTexas was annexed by the United States on December 29, 1845 and was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on that day, with the transfer of power from the Republic to the new state of Texas formally taking place on February 19, 1846. However, the United States inherited the southern and western border dispute with Mexico, which became a trigger for the Mexican\u2013American War (1846\u20131848).", "Q157137": "Kryvyi Rih (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0439 \u0420\u0456\u0433 [kr\u026a\u02ccw\u026aj \u02c8r\u207d\u02b2\u207ei\u0266], lit. 'Crooked Horn' or 'Curved Cape') or Krivoy Rog (Russian: \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0433 [kr\u02b2\u026a\u02ccvoj \u02c8rok]) is a city in the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast of Ukraine; it is the 7th-most populous city in the country. It lies within a large urban area, administratively incorporated with Kryvyi Rih Municipality as a city of regional significance. It also serves as the administrative center of the district, although it is not part of it. \nLocated at the confluence of the Saksahan and Inhulets rivers, Kryvyi Rih has been a major settlement for most of its history. It was founded as a postal city in 1775 by the Cossacks. Developed as a military settlement until 1860, it formed part of Kherson Governorate. It was incorporated during the 20th century with areas of Yekaterinoslav. The township began to expand \"at an astonishing rate\" at the beginning of the 1880s. Kryvyi Rih's urbanization was unplanned and stimulated by mining exploitation. French and English investment contributed to a boom in metallurgy, iron mining, and investigation of rich deposits of iron ore. The Yekateryninska Railway was built in 1884 to transport iron ore to the Donbas. This catalyzed the growth of Kryvyi Rih into a major industrial town; it gained city status in 1919.\nNationalization and investment spurred by Soviet authorities led to extensive growth. In 1934 Kryvorizhstal was built, the first of more than 500 factories. Kryvyi Rih National University was founded here. Financially, the city's postwar growth after the Nazi occupation increased after 1965 due to economic reforms. Also, investment spurred by Ukrainian Independence, institution of a market economy led to extensive regeneration, particularly in the city centre.\nAs of 2016 Kryvyi Rih is arguably the main steel-industry city of Eastern Europe. It is a large, globally important centre of the iron-ore mining and metallurgy region, known as the Kryvbas. The economy of the oblast is the second-largest in Ukraine (after Kiev).\n\n", "Q32027": "Dost Mohammad Khan (Pashto: \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646\u200e, December 23, 1793 \u2013 June 9, 1863) was the founder of the Barakzai dynasty and one of the prominent rulers of Afghanistan during the First Anglo-Afghan War. With the decline of the Durrani dynasty, he became Emir of Afghanistan from 1826 to 1839 and then from 1843 to 1863. An ethnic Pashtun, he was the 11th son of Sardar Payendah Khan (chief of the Barakzai tribe) who was killed in 1799 by Zaman Shah Durrani. Dost Mohammad's grandfather was Hajji Jamal Khan.\nThe Musahiban family started with his older brother, Sultan Mohammad Khan, nicknamed \"Telai\", meaning \"golden\", a nickname he was given because of his love of fine clothing. This brother was the ruler of Peshawar.", "Q161491": "Reading ( (listen) RED-ing) is a large, historic market town in Berkshire, South East England. It is in the Thames Valley at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, and on both the Great Western Main Line railway and the M4 motorway. Reading is 70 miles (110 km) east of Bristol, 24 miles (39 km) south of Oxford, 40 miles (64 km) west of London, 14 miles (23 km) north of Basingstoke, 12 miles (19 km) south-west of Maidenhead and 15 miles (24 km) east of Newbury.\nThe first evidence for Reading as a town dates from the 8th century. It was an important trading and ecclesiastical centre in the medieval period, as the site of Reading Abbey, one of the largest and richest monasteries of medieval England with strong royal connections, of which the 12th-century abbey gateway and significant ancient ruins remain. By 1525, Reading was the largest town in Berkshire, and tax returns show that Reading was the 10th largest town in England when measured by taxable wealth. The medieval town was seriously affected by the English Civil War, with a major siege and loss of trade, and played a pivotal role in the Revolution of 1688, with that revolution's only significant military action fought on the streets of the town. The 18th century saw the beginning of a major iron works in the town and the growth of the brewing trade for which Reading was to become famous. The 19th century saw the coming of the Great Western Railway and the development of the town's brewing, baking and seed growing businesses. During that period, the town grew rapidly as a manufacturing centre.\nToday, Reading is a major commercial centre, with involvement in information technology and insurance, and despite its proximity to London, has a net inward commuter flow. It is ranked the UK's top economic area for economic success and wellbeing, according to factors such as employment, health, income and skills. Reading is also a major regional retail centre serving a large area of the Thames Valley, and is home to the University of Reading. Every year it hosts the Reading Festival, one of England's biggest music festivals. Sporting teams based in Reading include Reading Football Club, Reading City F.C. and London Irish rugby union team, and over 15,000 runners annually compete in the Reading Half Marathon.\nIn 2018, Reading had a population of 230,046 and the wider urban area had 337,108 inhabitants, while the smaller unitary authority area covered by the Borough of Reading had 163,203 residents. The borough is represented in Parliament by two members, and has been continuously represented there since 1295. For ceremonial purposes, Reading has served as the county town of Berkshire since 1867, previously sharing this status with Abingdon-on-Thames.", "Q108427": "Max Kruse (19 November 1921 \u2013 4 September 2015) was a German writer, mostly known for his children's books Der L\u00f6we ist los (The Lion is on the loose) and Urmel aus dem Eis (Urmel from the Ice Age).", "Q91940": "Ivar Arthur Nicolai Lissner (born April 23, 1909 in Lievenhof, d. September 4, 1967 in Chesi\u00e8res sur Ollon at Montreux, Switzerland) was a German journalist and author, and a Nazi spy during World War II.", "Q658739": "Igis (Romansh: Eigias) is a former municipality in the district of Landquart in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. Far more known than its proper name Igis is its hamlet Landquart, for its Rail Station and motorway exit. The municipalities of Igis and Mastrils merged on 1 January 2012 into the new municipality of Landquart.", "Q150894": "Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Vasilevsky (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) (30 September 1895 \u2013 5 December 1977), a Russian career-officer in the Red Army, attained the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1943. He served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces (1942-1945) and Deputy Minister of Defense during World War II, and as Minister of Defense from 1949 to 1953. As the Chief of the General Staff from 1942 to 1945, Vasilevsky became involved in planning and coordinating almost all the decisive Soviet offensives in World War II, from the Stalingrad counteroffensive of November 1942 to the assaults on East Prussia (January\u2013April 1945), K\u00f6nigsberg (January\u2013April 1945) and Manchuria (August 1945).\nVasilevsky began his military career during World War I, earning the rank of captain by 1917. After the October Revolution of 1917 and the start of the Civil War of 1917\u20131922 he was conscripted into the Red Army, taking part in the Polish-Soviet War of 1919\u20131921. In peacetime he quickly rose through the ranks, becoming a regimental commander by 1930. In this position he showed great skill in organizing and training his troops. Vasilevsky's talent was noticed, and in 1931 he was appointed a member of the Directorate of Military Training. In 1937, following Stalin's Great Purge, he was promoted to become a General Staff officer.\nAt the start of the 1943 Soviet counteroffensive of World War II, Vasilevsky coordinated and executed the Red Army's offensives on the upper Don, in the Donbass, Crimea, Belarus and the Baltic states, ending his war in Europe with the capture of K\u00f6nigsberg in April 1945. In July 1945 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of Soviet forces in the Far East. He executing the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation (August 1945) and subsequently accepted Japan's surrender. After the war he became the Soviet Defense Minister from 1949 to 1953, a position he held until after Stalin's death in 1953. With Nikita Khrushchev's rise to pre-eminence in the mid-1950s, Vasilevsky began losing power and was eventually pensioned off. After his death he was buried in the Kremlin Wall necropolis in recognition of his past service and contributions to his country.", "Q192519": "Jack Leon Ruby (born Jacob Leon Rubenstein; April 25, 1911 \u2013 January 3, 1967) was a Dallas, Texas nightclub owner. He fatally shot Lee Harvey Oswald on November 24, 1963, while Oswald was in police custody after being charged with assassinating United States President John F. Kennedy and murdering Dallas policeman J. D. Tippit about an hour later. A Dallas jury found him guilty of murdering Oswald, and he was sentenced to death. Ruby's conviction was later appealed, and he was granted a new trial. However, as the date for his new trial was being set, Ruby became ill in prison and died of a pulmonary embolism from lung cancer on January 3, 1967.In September 1964, the Warren Commission concluded that Ruby acted alone in killing Oswald. Various groups believed Ruby was involved with major figures in organized crime and that he killed Oswald as part of an overall plot surrounding the assassination of Kennedy.", "Q1173284": "David Wayne McClain (born October 22, 1965) is an American-German drummer, born in Wiesbaden, Germany. He is best known as the former drummer for the American heavy metal band, Machine Head. He joined the band in 1995 and left the band in 2018 after 23 years in the band. He replaced Chris Kontos when the latter left shortly after their first album, Burn My Eyes. He was formerly a member of S.A.Slayer (not to be confused with the California-based Slayer), Riot offshoot Narita, Turbin, Catalepsy, Murdercar (feat. noted producer Ross Robinson), Ministers of Anger (Dave Clemmons). Currently he has rejoined Sacred Reich in 2018, which he originally played for from 1991-1995.\nMcClain has been a vegan since 2017.", "Q610999": "The Dragon School is one school on two sites in Oxford, England. The Prep School (children aged 8\u201313) and Dragon Pre-Prep (ages 4\u20137) are both co-educational schools. The Dragon Prep School was founded in 1877 as the Oxford Preparatory School. It takes day pupils and boarders.\nOriginally established for boys, the Dragon School also accepted a small number of day girls with a close connection to the school, first admitting girls as boarders in 1994. The Dragon School is a feeder school to many independent schools, including Eton College, Shrewsbury School, Cheltenham Ladies' College, Harrow School, Radley College, Rugby School, Marlborough College, Canford School, St Edward's School, Oxford and Abingdon School.\nThe Dragon educates children from aged 4 to 13 in two sites in North Oxford: Bardwell Road and Richards Lane. Boarding starts at 8 and there are 10 boarding houses, including one weekly-boarding house.\n\n", "Q469548": "Lory Bianco (born August 19, 1963) is an Italian-American singer and actress from the United States also working under the name Bonnie Bianco. She may be best known for her role in the 1983 miniseries Cinderella 80.", "Q712624": "Andwele Gardner (born February 14, 1978), better known by his stage name Dwele, is an American soul singer, songwriter and record producer from Detroit, Michigan.", "Q471307": "Karl-August Fagerholm (31 December 1901, Siuntio \u2013 22 May 1984, Helsinki) was Speaker of Parliament and three times Prime Minister of Finland (1948\u201350, 1956\u201357, and 1958\u201359). Fagerholm became one of the leading politicians of the Social Democrats after the armistice in the Continuation War. As a Scandinavia-oriented Swedish-speaking Finn, he was believed to be more to the taste of the Soviet Union's leadership than his predecessor, V\u00e4in\u00f6 Tanner. Fagerholm's postwar career was, however, marked by fierce opposition from both the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of Finland. He narrowly lost the presidential election to Urho Kekkonen in 1956.\n\n", "Q983518": "Milan Nikoli\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u045b; born 2 July 1979 in Jagodina), also known professionally as Milaan, is a Serbian accordionist who was the Serbian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with Marko Kon. The song \"Cipela\" was chosen to represent Serbia in the 2009 national final of the Eurovision Song Contest. It competed in the second semi final but failed to reach the final.", "Q656714": "Meilen District is one of the twelve districts of the German-speaking canton of Zurich, Switzerland. It lies to the south of the canton in the Pfannenstiel region, forming much of the northern shore of Lake Zurich. The district capital is the town of Meilen.\n\n", "Q431723": "Paul Octave H\u00e9bert (December 12, 1818 \u2013 August 29, 1880) was the 14th Governor of Louisiana from 1853 to 1856 and a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army.\n\n", "Q62610": "Herbert Otto Gille (8 March 1897 \u2013 26 December 1966) was a high-ranking German SS commander of the Nazi era. He commanded the SS Division Wiking during World War II. Gille was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds, making him the most highly decorated Waffen-SS member of the war. After the war, Gille became active in HIAG, a lobby group and a revisionist veteran's organisation founded by former high-ranking Waffen-SS personnel in West Germany in 1951.\n\n", "Q4899825": "Bey Soo Khiang is a Singaporean business executive and former air force general. He was the third Chief of Defence Force (CDF) of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) from 1995\u20132000 and held the rank of Lieutenant-General. He was also the first CDF to be from the Air Force. Before he became the CDF, he served as the Chief of Air Force. After retiring from the SAF in 2000, Bey joined Singapore Airlines and held high executive positions in the company before leaving in 2011.", "Q252785": "K\u014dnosuke Matsushita (\u677e\u4e0b \u5e78\u4e4b\u52a9, Matsushita K\u014dnosuke, 27 November 1894 \u2013 27 April 1989) was a Japanese industrialist who founded Panasonic, the largest Japanese consumer electronics company.", "Q970": "The Comoros ( (listen); Arabic: \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u200e, Juzur al-Qumur / Qamar), officially the Union of the Comoros (Comorian: Udzima wa Komori, French: Union des Comores, Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u200e al-Itti\u1e25\u0101d al-Qumur\u012b / Qamar\u012b), is an island country in the Indian Ocean located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel off the eastern coast of Africa between northeastern Mozambique, the French region of Mayotte, and northwestern Madagascar. The capital and largest city in Comoros is Moroni. The religion of the majority of the population is Sunni Islam. As a member of the Arab League, the Comoros is the only country in the Arab world which is entirely in the Southern Hemisphere.\nAt 1,660 km2 (640 sq mi), excluding the contested island of Mayotte, the Comoros is the fourth-smallest African nation by area. The population, excluding Mayotte, is estimated at 832,322. As a nation formed at a crossroads of different civilisations, the archipelago is noted for its diverse culture and history. The archipelago was first inhabited by Bantu speakers who came from East Africa, supplemented by Arab and Austronesian immigration.\nThe sovereign state is an archipelago consisting of three major islands and numerous smaller islands, all in the volcanic Comoro Islands. The major islands are commonly known by their French names: northwestern-most Grande Comore (Ngazidja), Moh\u00e9li (Mwali), and Anjouan (Nzwani). In addition, the country has a claim on a fourth major island, southeastern-most Mayotte (Maore), though Mayotte voted against independence from France in 1974, has never been administered by an independent Comoros government, and continues to be administered by France (currently as an overseas department). France has vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions that would affirm Comorian sovereignty over the island. In addition, Mayotte became an overseas department and a region of France in 2011 following a referendum passed overwhelmingly.\nIt became part of the French colonial empire in the end of 19th century before becoming independent in 1975. Since declaring independence, the country has experienced more than 20 coups d'\u00e9tat or attempted coups, with various heads of state assassinated. Along with this constant political instability, the population of the Comoros lives with the worst income inequality of any nation, with a Gini coefficient over 60%, while also ranking in the worst quartile on the Human Development Index. As of 2008 about half the population lived below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day. The French insular region of Mayotte, which is the most prosperous territory in the Mozambique Channel, is the major destination for Comorian illegal immigrants who flee their country. The Comoros is a member state of the Arab League, the African Union, Francophonie, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the Indian Ocean Commission. Other countries near the Comoros are Tanzania to the northwest and the Seychelles to the northeast. Its capital is Moroni, on Grande Comore. The Union of the Comoros has three official languages\u2014Comorian, French, and Arabic.", "Q61319": "Christian Friedrich Sch\u00f6nbein HFRSE(18 October 1799 \u2013 29 August 1868) was a German-Swiss chemist who is best known for inventing the fuel cell (1838) at the same time as William Robert Grove and his discoveries of guncotton and ozone.", "Q269713": "Angela Margaret Scoular (8 November 1945 \u2013 11 April 2011) was an English actress.", "Q163286": "Hugh John Mungo Grant (born 9 September 1960) is an English actor and film producer. Grant has received a Golden Globe, a BAFTA, and an Honorary C\u00e9sar for his work. As of 2018, his films have grossed a total of nearly US$3 billion worldwide from 29 theatrical releases. He first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in the film Maurice (1987) but achieved international success after appearing in Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994). He used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s, delivering comic performances in films such as Notting Hill (1999) and Mickey Blue Eyes (1999). For Four Weddings and a Funeral, Grant won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role.\nGrant's starring role in Four Weddings and a Funeral, and his high-profile relationship with then-girlfriend Elizabeth Hurley who accompanied him to the Los Angeles premiere, made him one of the best known figures in cinema, and he was seen as a charming, vulnerable, witty romantic lead. By the turn of the 21st century, he had established himself as a leading man, skilled with a satirical comic talent. In the early 2000s he expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones's Diary (2001), About a Boy (2002), Love Actually (2003), and American Dreamz (2006). He later played against type with multiple roles in the epic sci-fi drama film, Cloud Atlas (2012). He is also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day (1993) and Sense and Sensibility (1995). Most recently, he received critical acclaim for his portrayals of St. Clair Bayfield in Florence Foster Jenkins (2016); Phoenix Buchanan, an antagonist in Paddington 2 (2017); and Jeremy Thorpe in the BBC One miniseries A Very English Scandal (2018). He was BAFTA-nominated for all three performances, and received Golden Globe Award nominations for Florence Foster Jenkins and A Very English Scandal.\nWithin the film industry, Grant has been known as a meticulous performer and as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor, working hard to make his acting appear spontaneous. Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms. The entertainment media's coverage of his life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor. He has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting, his disdain towards the culture of celebrity, and his hostility towards the media. He emerged as a prominent critic of the conduct of Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation during the News International phone hacking scandal. In a career spanning more than 35 years, Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling but rather a career that developed by happenstance.", "Q76665": "Nadja Auermann (born 19 March 1971) is a German supermodel and actress. Fashion designer Valentino once commented on her physical resemblance to Marlene Dietrich. A New York Times fashion columnist, Guy Trebay, wrote of her \"ice maiden visage and pole vaulter's legs\". She once held the record for being the model with the longest legs in the world in the Guinness Book of Records.", "Q706889": "\u00c1ngel Ganivet Garc\u00eda (13 December 1865 in Granada, Spain \u2013 29 November 1898 in Riga) was a Spanish writer and diplomat. He was considered a precursor to the Generation of '98.\nOn 29 November 1898, disillusioned in love, Ganivet drowned himself in the Daugava River. Nearly failing in his attempt, he was first rescued but managed to throw himself into the river again. Ganivet had contemplated suicide for several years, and he had suffered from progressive syphilitic paralysis.", "Q211870": "Paisley ( PAYZ-lee; Scots: Paisley, Scottish Gaelic: P\u00e0islig [\u02c8p\u02b0a\u02d0\u0283l\u026ak\u02b2]) is a town situated in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. Located north of the Gleniffer Braes, the town borders the city of Glasgow to the east, and straddles the banks of the White Cart Water, a tributary of the River Clyde.\nIt serves as the administrative centre for the Renfrewshire council area, and is the largest town in the historic county of the same name. Paisley is often cited as \"Scotland's largest town\" and is the fifth largest settlement in the country, although it does not have city status.\nThe town became prominent in the 12th century, with the establishment of Paisley Abbey, an important religious hub which formerly had control over other local churches.\nBy the 19th century, Paisley was a centre of the weaving industry, giving its name to the Paisley shawl and the Paisley Pattern. The town's associations with political Radicalism were highlighted by its involvement in the Radical War of 1820, with striking weavers being instrumental in the protests. By 1993, all of Paisley's mills had closed, although they are memorialised in the town's museums and civic history.", "Q11826": "Abu Rayhan al-Biruni (973 \u2013 after 1050)\nwas an Iranian scholar and polymath during the Islamic Golden Age. He has been variously called as the \"founder of Indology\", \"Father of Comparative Religion\", \"Father of modern geodesy\", and the first anthropologist.Al-Biruni was well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist and linguist. He studied almost all fields of science and was compensated for his research and strenuous work. Royalty and powerful members of society sought out Al-Biruni to conduct research and study to uncover certain findings. In addition to this type of influence, Al-Biruni was also influenced by other nations, such as the Greeks, who he took inspiration from when he turned to studies of philosophy. He was conversant in Khwarezmian, Persian, Arabic, Sanskrit, and also knew Greek, Hebrew and Syriac. He spent much of his life in Ghazni, then capital of the Ghaznavid dynasty, in modern-day central-eastern Afghanistan. In 1017 he travelled to the Indian subcontinent and authored a study of Indian culture T\u0101r\u012bkh al-Hind (History of India) after exploring the Hindu faith practiced in India. He was an impartial writer on customs and creeds of various nations, and was given the title al-Ustadh (\"The Master\") for his remarkable description of early 11th-century India.\n\n", "Q78890": "Baron Otto Gustav von W\u00e4chter (8 July 1901, Vienna, Austria-Hungary \u2013 14 July 1949, Rome, Italy) was an Austrian lawyer, Nazi politician and a high-ranking member of the SS, a paramilitary organisation of the Nazi Party.\nDuring the occupation of Poland in World War II, he was the Governor of the district of Krak\u00f3w in the General Government and then of the District of Galicia (now for the most part in Ukraine). Later, in 1944, he was appointed as head of the German Military Administration in the puppet state of the Republic of Sal\u00f2 in Italy. During the last two months of the war, he was responsible for the non-German forces at the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA) in Berlin.\nIn 1940 68,000 Jews were expelled from Krak\u00f3w and in 1941 the Krak\u00f3w Ghetto was created for the remaining 15,000 Jews by his decrees. On 28 September 1946 the Polish government requested the Military Governor of the United States Zone that W\u00e4chter be delivered to Poland for trial for \"mass murder, shooting and executions. Under his command of District Galicia more than one hundred thousand Polish citizens lost their lives.\"\nHe managed to evade the Allied authorities for 4 years. In 1949, W\u00e4chter was given refuge by pro-Nazi Austrian bishop Alois Hudal in the Vatican where he died the same year, aged 48, reportedly from kidney disease.", "Q57873": "John Patrick Amama Mbabazi, SC (simply known as Amama Mbabazi, born 16 January 1949) is a Ugandan politician who served as the ninth Prime Minister of Uganda from 24 May 2011 to 19 September 2014. He played an instrumental role in Uganda's protracted liberation struggle from several tyrannical governments (1972-1986) and is a founding member of the National Resistance Movement, the ruling political party in Uganda.\nMbabazi served as the member of parliament for the Kinkiizi West constituency in Kanungu District, a position held from 1996 until 2016, when he ran unsuccessfully for the Presidency.", "Q69745": "Renens is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. It is located in the district of Ouest Lausannois, and is a suburb of the city of Lausanne. It is the fourth largest city in the canton. It is considered a very multiethnic town, as more than 50% of the inhabitants are resident foreign nationals from about a hundred different countries.", "Q726581": "Yves Duval (21 March 1934 \u2013 22 May 2009) was a Belgian comics author who mainly worked for Tintin magazine, but also wrote comics, stories, and articles for other magazines.\n\n", "Q313915": "Sergey Vladilenovich Kiriyenko (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e; born 26 July 1962) is a Russian politician. He serves as the First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia since 5 October 2016. Previously he served as the 30th Prime Minister of Russia from 23 March to 23 August 1998 under President Boris Yeltsin. Between 2005 and 2016 he was the head of Rosatom, the state nuclear energy corporation.\nKiriyenko was the youngest Prime Minister of Russia, taking the post at the age of 35 years.", "Q70214": "Rennaz is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Aigle.", "Q561666": "William Windom (September 28, 1923 \u2013 August 16, 2012) was an American actor. He played a wide variety of roles in both film and television during a near 60-year career, but is perhaps best known for his role as cartoonist John Monroe in the short-lived comedy My World and Welcome to It (1969\u20131970) winning him a Primetime Emmy Award, and his recurring role as Dr. Seth Hazlitt starring alongside Angela Lansbury in Murder, She Wrote (1984-1996).\nWindom was also known for his prolific work in television appearing in such shows as Star Trek, The Twilight Zone, Columbo, Gunsmoke, Mission: Impossible, Magnum P.I., Newhart, and L.A. Law.\nWindom also appeared in feature films such as the Academy Award-winning To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), The Detective (1968), and Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971) and in several John Hughes films, Planes, Trains, and Automobiles (1987), She's Having a Baby (1988), and Uncle Buck (1989), and Clint Eastwood's True Crime (1999).", "Q6727429": "Prof. Madhu Sudan Kanungo (1 April 1927 \u2013 26 July 2011) was an eminent Indian scientist in the field of gerontology and neuroscience as well as a teacher of molecular biology and biochemistry. He is known for his theories on how gene expression changes with age and the role of this phenomenon in ageing, which is a widely accepted as \"Gene expression theory of Aging\". In recognition of his contributions, he was awarded India's fourth highest civilian award, Padma Shri in 2005. He held the post of BHU Emeritus professor in zoology at the Banaras Hindu University and was also the Chancellor, Nagaland University till his death.", "Q155734": "For the American privateer named after him, see Prince de Neufchatel.Louis-Alexandre Berthier (20 November 1753 \u2013 1 June 1815), 1st Prince of Wagram, Sovereign Prince of Neuch\u00e2tel, was a French Marshal and Vice-Constable of the Empire, and chief of staff under Napoleon.\n\n", "Q716442": "Vincent Canby (July 27, 1924 \u2013 October 15, 2000) was an American film and theatre critic who served as the chief film critic for The New York Times from 1969 until the early 1990s, then its chief theatre critic from 1994 until his death in 2000. He reviewed more than one thousand films during his tenure there.", "Q236217": "La Vie en Rose (literally Life in pink, French pronunciation: \u200b[la vi \u0251\u0303 \u0281oz]; French: La M\u00f4me) is a 2007 French biographical musical film about the life of French singer \u00c9dith Piaf. The film was co-written and directed by Olivier Dahan, and stars Marion Cotillard as Piaf. The UK and US title La Vie en Rose comes from Piaf's signature song.\nCotillard's performance earned her several accolades including the Academy Award for Best Actress \u2014 marking the first time an Oscar had been given for a French-language role \u2014 the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her performance. The film also won the Academy Award for Best Makeup, the BAFTA Award for Best Makeup, Costume Design, Film Music, four additional C\u00e9sar Awards and grossed $86.3 million worldwide.\n\n", "Q1263991": "Duffy Power (born Raymond Leslie Howard; 9 September 1941 \u2013 19 February 2014) was an English blues and rock and roll singer, who achieved some success in the 1960s and continued to perform and record intermittently later.", "Q113007": "Prince Hubertus of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (born 2 February 1959 in Mexico City as Hubertus Rudolph zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg; Spanish pronunciation: [u\u02c8\u03b2e\u027et\u032aus ru\u02c8\u00f0olf su o\u1ebdn\u02c8loe.l\u00e3\u014bx\u1ebdm\u02c8bu\u027e\u0263]) is a Mexican Alpine skier, photographer, businessman, and a pop singer known as Andy Himalaya and Royal Disaster. He belongs to a family which reigned over a principality in what is now the northeastern of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in Germany until the early 19th century.\n\n", "Q94186": "Robert Schneider (16 June 1961) is an Austrian writer, who published novels including Schlafes Bruder, texts for the theatre, and poetry. His works have been translated to many languages. Schlafes Bruder became the basis of a film, a ballet, an opera and several plays, and received international awards. Schneider withdrew from writing in 2007.", "Q1264998": "Abraham Dumisani Maraire (27 December 1944 \u2013 25 November 1999), known to friends as \"Dumi\", was a master performer of the mbira, a traditional instrument of the Shona ethnic group of Zimbabwe. He specialized in the form of mbira called nyunga nyunga, as well as the Zimbabwean marimba. He introduced Zimbabwean music to North America, initiating a flourishing of Zimbabwean music in the Pacific Northwest that continues into the 21st century.Dumi is credited for his famous 1\u201315 number notation used on the nyunga nyunga mbira and for notating the song \"Chemutengure\" on the nyunga nyunga mbira. The song \"Chemutengure\" is used to teach mbira learners the technique of playing the instrument.", "Q2982621": "Colin Kenny (4 December 1888 \u2013 2 December 1968) was an Irish film actor. He appeared in 260 films between 1918 and 1965. He was born in Dublin, Ireland and died in Los Angeles, California.\nKenny was educated in England and left London to come to the United States in 1917.", "Q1288930": "Nenad \u010canak (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0427\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043a, pronounced [n\u025b\u0302na\u02d0d t\u0283\u01cenak]; born 2 November 1959) is a Serbian politician. He is the co-founder and leader of the centre-left League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina. He was the President of the Assembly of Vojvodina from 2000 to 2004, and has since been a member of the Serbian Parliament.", "Q189139": "Ioannis Metaxas (; Greek: \u0399\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03ac\u03c2; 12 April 1871 \u2013 29 January 1941) was a Greek military officer and politician, serving as Prime Minister of Greece from 1936 until his death in 1941. He governed constitutionally for the first four months of his tenure, and thereafter as the strongman of the 4th of August Regime.\nBorn to an aristocratic family in Ithaca, Metaxas took part in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 and the Balkan Wars (1912\u201313), quickly rising through the ranks of the Hellenic Army. A royalist during the National Schism, Metaxas unsuccessfully opposed Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos and Greece's entry in World War I; as a result, he was exiled to Corsica in 1917. On his return, Metaxas moved into politics and founded the Freethinkers' Party, but had only limited success under the Hellenic Republic. The Greek monarchy was restored in 1935, and Metaxas was appointed Prime Minister in April 1936. On 4 August 1936, with the support of King George II, Metaxas initiated a self-coup and established an authoritarian, nationalist and anti-communist regime.\nMetaxas attempted to maintain Greek neutrality early in the Second World War. On 28 October 1940, Metaxas rejected an ultimatum imposed by the Italians to surrender, committing Greece to the Allies and bringing the country into the war. He died in January 1941 before the German invasion and the subsequent fall of Greece.", "Q1101612": "Clinton Engle Howard (born April 20, 1959) is an American character actor and comedian. He is the younger brother of actor and director Ron Howard. He had roles in the films The Waterboy and Apollo 13, and was a series regular on Gentle Ben when he was a child. He has appeared in many films directed by his brother, Ron, as well as many low-budget cult films.", "Q487491": "Anatole Abragam (December 15, 1914 \u2013 June 8, 2011) was a French physicist who wrote The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism and made significant contributions to the field of nuclear magnetic resonance. Originally from Griva, Courland Governorate, Russian Empire, Abragam and his family emigrated to France in 1925.", "Q105665": "Fred Bertelmann (7 October 1925 \u2013 22 January 2014) was a German singer and actor.", "Q220313": "Georgius Gemistus (Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2; c.\u20091355/1360 \u2013 1452/1454), later called Plethon (; \u03a0\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03bd), was one of the most renowned philosophers of the late Byzantine era. He was a chief pioneer of the revival of Greek scholarship in Western Europe. As revealed in his last literary work, the Nomoi or Book of Laws, which he only circulated among close friends, he rejected Christianity in favour of a return to the worship of the classical Hellenic Gods, mixed with ancient wisdom based on Zoroaster and the Magi.He re-introduced Plato's ideas to Western Europe during the 1438\u20131439 Council of Florence, a failed attempt to reconcile the East\u2013West schism. Here, it was believed until recently, Plethon met and influenced Cosimo de' Medici to found a new Platonic Academy, which, under Marsilio Ficino, would proceed to translate into Latin all of Plato's works, the Enneads of Plotinus, and various other Neoplatonist works.", "Q95298": "Anselm of Havelberg (c. 1100 \u2013 1158) was a German bishop and statesman, and a secular and religious ambassador to Constantinople. He was a Premonstratensian, a defender of his order and a critic of the monastic life of his time, and a theorist of Christian history. According to Friedrich Heer, \"the peculiar course of Anselm's life made this much-travelled man the theologian of development, of progress, of the right of novelty in the Church\".", "Q451969": "Anne Isabella Noel Blunt, 15th Baroness Wentworth (n\u00e9e King-Noel; 22 September 1837 \u2013 15 December 1917), known for most of her life as Lady Anne Blunt, was co-founder, with her husband the poet Wilfrid Blunt, of the Crabbet Arabian Stud. The two married on 8 June 1869. From the late 1870s, Wilfrid and Lady Anne travelled extensively in Arabia and the Middle East, buying Arabian horses from Bedouin tribesmen and the Egyptian Ali Pasha Sherif. Among the great and influential horses they took to England were Azrek, Dajania, Queen of Sheba, Rodania and the famous Ali Pasha Sherif stallion Mesaoud. To this day, the vast majority of purebred Arabian horses trace their lineage to at least one Crabbet ancestor.\n\n", "Q1433443": "Sword-and-sandal, also known as peplum (pepla plural), is a subgenre of largely Italian-made historical or Biblical epics mostly set in the Greco-Roman or medieval period. These films attempted to emulate the big-budget Hollywood historical epics of the time, such as Spartacus, Samson and Delilah and The Ten Commandments. These films dominated the Italian film industry from 1958 to 1965, eventually being replaced in 1965 by the spaghetti Western and Eurospy films.The term \"peplum\" (a Latin word referring to the Ancient Greek garment peplos), was introduced by French film critics in the 1960s. The terms \"peplum\" and \"sword-and-sandal\" were used in a condescending way by film critics. Later, the terms were embraced by fans of the films, similar to the terms \"spaghetti Western\" or \"shoot-'em-ups\". In their English versions, peplum films can be immediately differentiated from their Hollywood counterparts by their use of \"clumsy and inadequate\" English language dubbing. A 100-minute documentary on the history of Italy's peplum genre was produced and directed by Antonio Avati in 1977 entitled Kolossal: i magnifici Maciste (aka Kino Kolossal).Italian epic films set in antiquity that were produced before the 1958 peplum wave proper, such as Fabiola (1949) and Ulysses (1954), have been called proto-peplum. and recent films set in such Greco-Roman times (made after the peplum wave ended in 1965) have been called neo-peplum.", "Q32999": "Vienna International Airport (German: Flughafen Wien-Schwechat, Slovak: Letisko Viede\u0148-Schwechat; IATA: VIE, ICAO: LOWW) is the international airport of Vienna, the capital of Austria, located in Schwechat, 18 km (11 mi) southeast of central Vienna and 57 kilometres (35 mi) west of Bratislava. It is the country's largest airport and serves as the hub for Austrian Airlines and Eurowings Europe as well as a base for low-cost carriers easyJet Europe, Lauda, Level and Wizz Air. It is capable of handling wide-body aircraft up to the Airbus A380. The airport features a dense network of European destinations as well as long-haul flights to Asia, North America and Africa. In 2018, the airport handled 27 million passengers, a 10.8% increase compared to 2017.", "Q888459": "Robert Cleckler Bowden (born November 8, 1929) is a retired American football coach. Bowden is best known for coaching the Florida State Seminoles football team from the 1976 to 2009 seasons.\nDuring his time at Florida State, Bowden led FSU to an Associated Press and Coaches Poll National Title in 1993 and a BCS National Championship in 1999, as well as twelve Atlantic Coast Conference championships since FSU joined the conference in 1991. After a difficult 2009 season and amid questioning fans, Bowden was fired by President T.K. Wetherell, just weeks after his 80th birthday. He was allowed to make his final coaching appearance in the 2010 Gator Bowl game on January 1, 2010, with a 33\u201321 victory over his former program, West Virginia.\nOn March 6, 2009, NCAA ruling required Florida State to \"vacate wins for any games in which an ineligible player participated\", threatening to remove as many as fourteen of Bowden's wins from the 2006 and 2007 seasons in relation to an academic scandal. Florida State appealed the ruling, but the NCAA upheld it on January 5, 2010. Upon final investigation by Florida State University it was determined that Bowden was to vacate 12 wins, bringing his final career record to 377\u2013129\u20134.\n\n", "Q320461": "The Mummy Returns is a 2001 American action-adventure fantasy horror film, written and directed by Stephen Sommers, starring Brendan Fraser, Rachel Weisz, John Hannah, Arnold Vosloo, Oded Fehr, Patricia Vel\u00e1squez, and Dwayne Johnson. The film is a sequel to the 1999 film The Mummy. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.\nThe Mummy Returns inspired the 2002 prequel film The Scorpion King, a spin-off which is set 5,000 years prior and whose eponymous character, played by Dwayne Johnson (The Rock), was introduced in this film. The Mummy Returns was a commercial success despite mixed reviews. It was followed by the 2008 sequel The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor.", "Q2645029": "Panasonic Panthers (\u30d1\u30ca\u30bd\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u30d1\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u30ba, Panasonikku Pans\u0101zu) is a men's volleyball team based in Hirakata city, Osaka, Japan. It plays in V.Premier League. The club was founded in 1952. \nThe owner of the club is Panasonic Corporation.", "Q65619": "Brigitte Hamann (n\u00e9e Deitert; 26 July 1940 \u2013 4 October 2016) was a German-Austrian author and historian based in Vienna.", "Q72365": "Oskar Pastior (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8oskar pas\u02c8tjor]; 20 October 1927 \u2013 4 October 2006) was a Romanian-born German poet and translator. He was the only German member of Oulipo.\nBorn into a Transylvanian Saxon family in Sibiu (Hermannstadt), he was deported in January 1945, along with many other ethnic Germans in Eastern Europe, to the USSR for forced labor. He returned to Romania in 1949, and went on to study German studies at the University of Bucharest in 1955. After graduation, he worked for the German language service of the Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company. In 1964, he published his first collection of poems, \"Offne Worte\".\nAfter having been under surveillance by the Securitate for 4 years, Pastior became an informer for the Securitate in 1961 with the alias \"Otto Stein\". This became known in 2010, years after his death.\nHe was an informer until 1968, when he obtained a scholarship to Vienna and defected from Communist Romania.\nPastior left for Germany, living at first in Munich, then in West Berlin, where he lived the rest of his life. He was known for his translations of Romanian literature into German (among others, the works of Tudor Arghezi, George Co\u015fbuc, Tristan Tzara, Gellu Naum, Marin Sorescu, and Urmuz).\nHe received the highly prestigious Georg-B\u00fcchner-Preis in 2006.\n\nThe 2009 novel of Nobel Prize-winning author Herta M\u00fcller, Everything I Possess I Carry With Me (published in the US as The Hunger Angel) is based partly upon Pastior's experiences as a forced laborer in the USSR. Initially, Pastior and M\u00fcller had planned to write a book about his experiences together, but he died in 2006.", "Q350186": "Christopher II (Danish: Christoffer 2.; 29 September 1276 \u2013 2 August 1332) was king of Denmark from 1320 to 1326 and again from 1329 until his death. He was a younger son of Eric V. His name is connected with national disaster, as his rule ended in an almost total dissolution of the Danish state.", "Q118152": "Meridian is the seventh largest city in the state of Mississippi, United States, with a population of 41,148 at the 2010 census and an estimated population in 2018 of 37,325. It is the county seat of Lauderdale County and the principal city of the Meridian, Mississippi Micropolitan Statistical Area. Along major highways, the city is 93 mi (150 km) east of Jackson, Mississippi; 154 mi (248 km) southwest of Birmingham, Alabama; 202 mi (325 km) northeast of New Orleans, Louisiana; and 231 mi (372 km) southeast of Memphis, Tennessee.\nEstablished in 1860, at the junction of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad and Southern Railway of Mississippi, Meridian built an economy based on the railways and goods transported on them, and it became a strategic trading center. During the American Civil War, General William Tecumseh Sherman burned much of the city to the ground in the Battle of Meridian (February 1864). Rebuilt after the war, the city entered a \"Golden Age\". It became the largest city in Mississippi between 1890 and 1930, and a leading center for manufacturing in the South, with 44 trains arriving and departing daily. Union Station, built in 1906, is now a multi-modal center, with access to Amtrak and Greyhound Buses averaging 242,360 passengers per year. Although the economy slowed with the decline of the railroad industry, the city has diversified, with healthcare, military, and manufacturing employing the most people in 2010. The population within the city limits, according to 2008 census estimates, is 38,232, but a population of 232,900 in a 45-mile (72 km) radius and 526,500 in a 65-mile (105 km) radius, of which 104,600 and 234,200 people respectively are in the labor force, feeds the economy of the city.\nThe area is served by two military facilities, Naval Air Station Meridian and Key Field, which employ over 4,000 people. NAS Meridian is home to the Regional Counter-Drug Training Academy (RCTA) and the first local Department of Homeland Security in the state. Students in Training Air Wing ONE (Strike Flight Training) train in the T-45C Goshawk training jet. Key Field is named after brothers Fred and Al Key, who set a world endurance flight record in 1935. The field is now home to the 186th Air Refueling Wing of the Air National Guard and a support facility for the 185th Aviation Brigade of the Army National Guard. Rush Foundation Hospital is the largest non-military employer in the region, employing 2,610 people. Among the city's many arts organizations and historic buildings are the Riley Center, the Meridian Museum of Art, Meridian Little Theatre, and the Meridian Symphony Orchestra. Meridian was home to two Carnegie libraries, one for whites and one for African Americans. The Carnegie Branch Library, now demolished, was one of a number of Carnegie libraries built for blacks in the Southern United States during the segregation era.\nThe Mississippi Arts and Entertainment Experience (the MAX) is located in downtown Meridian. Jimmie Rodgers, the \"Father of Country Music\", was born in Meridian. Highland Park houses a museum which displays memorabilia of his life and career, as well as railroad equipment from the steam-engine era. The park is also home to the Highland Park Dentzel Carousel, a National Historic Landmark. It is the world's only two-row stationary Dentzel menagerie in existence.\nOther notable natives include Miss America 1986 Susan Akin; James Chaney, an activist who was one of three civil rights workers murdered in 1964; and Hartley Peavey, founder of Peavey Electronics headquartered in Meridian. The federal courthouse was the site of the 1966\u20131967 trial of suspects in the murder of Chaney and two other activists. For the first time, an all-white jury convicted a white official of a civil rights killing.", "Q96949": "Dr. Hermann Louis Brill (9 February 1895 \u2013 22 June 1959) was a German doctor of law and a politician (SPD).", "Q89869": "Fritz Greiner (1879\u20131933) was an Austrian film actor.", "Q546597": "Alain Cayzac, born in \u00c9vreux, Eure on 2 June 1941 is a French advertising agent and was the president of the Paris Saint-Germain Football Club between June 2006 and April 2008.\nA graduate of HEC Paris, Alain Cayzac began his career as an advertising agent in 1969, before co-founding in 1972 the agency RSCG with Bernard Roux, Jacques S\u00e9gu\u00e9la, and Jean-Michel Goudard. He became the president in 1984, a post he retained after the merger with Eurocom in 1992. He later became the vice-president of Havas in 1997. He left Havas in 2005.\nA member of the directors' committee of Paris Saint-Germain since 1986, he became a minority shareholder (2%) from 1991 to 2005, then the president in June 2006. He resigned in April 2008 after the club suffered poor results, escaping relegation on the last day of the 2007-2008 football season.", "Q442083": "Frederique Bangue (born December 31, 1976 in Lyon) is a French sprinter who competed in the 100 metres. Her personal best being 11.16 seconds, she never reached a world-level final individually. However, when competing in the shorter distance of 60 metres (only held indoor) or relay races, she has won medals. She was the silver medallist at the 1997 Mediterranean Games.", "Q77235": "Gerhard M. Sessler (born 15 February 1931 in Rosenfeld, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany) is a German inventor and scientist. He is Professor emeritus at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology of the Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt.\nTogether with James E. West, he co-invented the foil electric microphone at Bell Laboratories in 1962 and together with Dietmar Hohm the silicon microphone in 1983.", "Q241909": "Claudia Ann Christian (born Claudia Ann Coghlan; August 10, 1965) is an American actress and singer, known for her role as Commander Susan Ivanova on the science fiction television series Babylon 5. She has also voiced several characters for the Bethesda Softworks video games Skyrim and Fallout 4. Her main charity work is publicizing The Sinclair Method as a treatment for alcoholism.", "Q267070": "Jazmine Marie Sullivan (born April 9, 1987) is an American singer-songwriter from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her debut album, Fearless, was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success. It is certified gold in the US. The album contains her debut single \"Need U Bad\", produced by Missy Elliott, a reggae-inspired song. A cover version of her second single \"Bust Your Windows\" that was made on Glee in 2009, boosted her career in the popular culture industry. At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009, Sullivan received nominations for Best New Artist, Best Female R&B Vocal Performance, Best Traditional R&B Performance, Best R&B Song and Best Contemporary R&B Album.\nSullivan released her second studio album, Love Me Back, in 2010. The album was critically well received and surpassed the success of her debut, earning her another Grammy nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for the lead single \"Holding You Down (Goin' in Circles) at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards in 2011. The album debuted at number 17 on the Billboard 200 chart. She is one of the female R&B artists to have three albums in the top five of the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and have three singles in the top five of Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, as well as in the history of the Grammy Awards to have three simultaneous Grammy-nominated singles, with \"Need U Bad\", \"Bust Your Windows\", and \"Lions, Tigers & Bears\", all of which also topped the charts. Fearless is the longest-running number one album by a female R&B artist in the history of the US Album Charts.\nAfter taking a three-year break, Sullivan announced her third studio album, Reality Show, in 2014. The album was later released on January 13, 2015. It peaked at number one at the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Reality Show was her first studio album to be released under RCA Records and earned her three Grammy Award nominations, including Best R&B Album, and a NAACP Image Award, which was NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Song. The lead single, \"Let It Burn\", became her first song in the US to sell over one digital copies within a week of its release. Her concert tour, The Reality Show Tour, visited North America and concluded with finale concerts at the House of Blues in March 2015.In 2010, Sullivan was named Rising Star by Billboard. At the 2009 and 2016 NAACP Image Awards, Sullivan was nominated for Outstanding New Artist and Outstanding Female Artist. In 2018, her single \"Bust Your Windows\" was listed at number 140 on National Public Radio's The 200 Greatest Songs By 21st Century Women. Sullivan cites singers Brandy, Changing Faces, Kim Burrell, Lauryn Hill, and Dorinda Clark-Cole as her main influences and inspirations.", "Q67026": "Alexander Beyer (born 24 June 1973) is a German actor.\nHe was born in Erfurt, East Germany. He has appeared in such films as: Volker Schloendorff's The Legend of Rita (Die Stille nach dem Schuss, 1999), Leander Hau\u00dfmann's Sun Alley (Sonnenallee, 2000), Johannes Kiefer's Gregor's Greatest Invention (Gregors groesste Erfindung, 2001), which was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Live Action Short Film in 2002 and Wolfgang Becker's Good Bye Lenin! (2003), among others. \nAlexander Beyer lives and works in Zurich, Switzerland, and Berlin, Germany.", "Q5948": "Wesermarsch is a Kreis (district) in the northwestern part of Lower Saxony, Germany. Neighboring are (from the east clockwise) the districts of Cuxhaven and Osterholz, the city of Bremen in the state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, the urban district of Delmenhorst, the district of Oldenburg and the urban district of Oldenburg, and the districts of Ammerland and Friesland.", "Q186222": "Alpine skiing, or downhill skiing, is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings, unlike other types of skiing (cross-country, Telemark, or ski jumping), which use skis with free-heel bindings. Whether for recreation or for sport, it is typically practised at ski resorts, which provide such services as ski lifts, artificial snow making, snow grooming, restaurants, and ski patrol.\n\"Off-piste\" skiers\u2014those skiing outside ski area boundaries\u2014may employ snowmobiles, helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope. Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode, including 'sticky' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent, then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent.\nAlpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936.\n\n", "Q913123": "Corey Miller (born March 9, 1971), better known by his stage name C-Murder, is an American rapper, songwriter, actor and author. He initially gained fame in the mid-1990s as a part of his brother Master P's label No Limit Records, primarily as a member of the label's supergroup, TRU. Miller went on to release several solo albums of his own through the label including 1998's platinum Life or Death. C-Murder has released nine albums altogether on six different labels, No Limit Records, TRU Records, Koch Records, Asylum Records, RBC Records and Venti Uno.\nIn 2002, Miller was arrested in connection with the murder of 16-year-old Steve Thomas, and was sentenced to life in prison on August 14, 2009. Miller is currently serving his sentence in the Louisiana State Penitentiary.Controversy surrounding witnesses involved in Miller's trial came to light in 2018 when two key witnesses recanted their statements, claiming they had been pressured into testifying against Miller by authorities. Miller maintains his innocence, and both he and his brother have called for a new trial numerous times.", "Q105895": "Johann Heinrich Ernesti (12 March 1652 \u2013 16 October 1729) was a Saxon philosopher, Lutheran theologian, Latin classicist and poet. He was rector of the Thomasschule, and Professor of Poetry at Leipzig University. He gained fame through his writings on Cicero.", "Q68315": "Heiden is a village and a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. Its Biedermeier village around the church square is listed as a heritage site of national significance.", "Q82914": "Veselin Masle\u0161a (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0448\u0430; 20 April 1906 \u2013 14 June 1943) was a Yugoslav writer, activist and Partisan.\nVeselin Masle\u0161a was born to a Serb family in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, then occupied by Austria-Hungary, where he finished grade school and gymnasium. He then studied law at the University of Zagreb, economics in Frankfurt and then political economy and sociology in Paris.\nHis first published work was in the magazine Nova literatura in 1928, and he also published in the magazines Knji\u017eevnik, Sto\u017eer, Danas and Na\u0161a stvarnost. He wrote two large studies called Mlada Bosna and Svetozar Markovi\u0107 which were published later in 1945.\nIn 1927 he was arrested for the first time due to his communist ideas. Between 1928 and 1939 he was arrested and released on several occasions, eventually causing him to go underground. When World War II started in Yugoslavia in 1941, he was in Montenegro where he joined the Partisans. Masle\u0161a died during the attempted breakout through enemy lines during the Axis Case Black offensive in the summer of 1943.\nOn December 20, 1951 he was posthumously awarded the title of People's Hero of Yugoslavia. There was a Sarajevo-based publishing house named after him but the name was later changed to Sarajevo Publishing, and the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina's scientific achievement award was also named after him.", "Q114740": "Johann Philipp Neumann (27 December 1774 \u2013 3 October 1849) was an Austrian physicist, librarian and poet.\nBorn in Trebitsch in Moravia, he completed his studies at the University of Vienna. In 1803, he was appointed as a professor of physics at his local lyceum. He was transferred to the University of Graz in 1806, where he became a rector in 1811.\nIn 1815, he was appointed as a professor at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna (now the Vienna University of Technology). He founded a library here in 1816, which he directed until 1845.\nNeumann was a friend of the composer Franz Schubert. Neumann adapted Georg Forster's translation of Shakuntala as a libretto for an opera, which Schubert commenced in 1820 but never competed. Neumann, a liberal-minded churchman, was interested in simple music designed to appeal to \"the widest possible congregation\". To this end, he wrote the text of 8 hymns and a translation of the Lord's Prayer, and commissioned the Deutsche Messe from his friend in 1826.\nHe retired in 1844, and died in Vienna in 1849.", "Q66338": "Hirzel is a former municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018 the former municipality of Hirzel merged into the municipality of Horgen.", "Q230128": "Katina Paxinou (Greek: \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03a0\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd; 15 December 1900 \u2013 22 February 1973) was a Greek film and stage actress.\nShe started her stage career in Greece in 1928 and was one of the founding members of the National Theatre of Greece in 1932. The outbreak of World War II found her in the United Kingdom and she later moved to the United States, where she made her film debut in For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943) and won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. She appeared in a few more Hollywood films, before returning to Greece in the early 1950s. She became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1951. She then focused on her stage career and appeared in a number of European films. She died in 1973, after a long battle with cancer.", "Q570025": "Screeching Weasel is an American punk rock band consisting of Ben Weasel (vocals), Trevor Jackson (guitar), Mike Hunchback (guitar), Zach \"Poutine\" Brandner (bass) and Pierre Marche (drums). Screeching Weasel is originally from the Chicago suburb of Prospect Heights, Illinois. The band was formed in 1986 by Ben Weasel and John Jughead.\nSince their formation, Screeching Weasel have reformed several times with line-up changes. Ben Weasel has been the only constant member, though Jughead was present in every incarnation of the band until 2009. Other prominent members include guitarist/bassist Dan Vapid and drummer Dan Panic, who have each appeared on six of the band's studio albums, and Green Day bassist Mike Dirnt who was briefly a member of the band.Screeching Weasel recorded 13 studio albums, splitting time between a number of famous independent record labels such as Lookout! Records and Fat Wreck Chords. Despite never achieving mainstream success, a number of largely popular acts cite them as influential.", "Q16807": "Leonard Beck Jordan (May 15, 1899 \u2013 June 30, 1983) was the 23rd Governor of Idaho and a United States Senator for over ten years.", "Q375306": "Liebelei is a 1933 German period drama film directed by Max Oph\u00fcls and starring Magda Schneider, Wolfgang Liebeneiner, and Luise Ullrich.", "Q217597": "Electro (or electro-funk) is a genre of electronic music and early hip hop directly influenced by the use of the Roland TR-808 drum machines, and funk. Records in the genre typically feature drum machines and heavy electronic sounds, usually without vocals, although if vocals are present they are delivered in a deadpan manner, often through electronic distortion such as vocoding and talkboxing. This is the main distinction between electro and previously prominent genres such as disco, in which the electronic sound was only part of the instrumentation. It also palpably deviates from its predecessor boogie for being less vocal-oriented and more focused on electronic beats produced by drum machines.\nFollowing the decline of disco music in the United States, electro emerged as a fusion of funk and New York boogie. Early hip hop and rap combined with German and Japanese electropop influences such as Kraftwerk and Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO) inspired the birth of electro. In 1982, producer Arthur Baker with Afrika Bambaataa released the seminal \"Planet Rock\", which was built using samples from Kraftwerk's Trans-Europe Express (1977) and drum beats supplied by the TR-808. Planet Rock was followed later that year by another breakthrough electro record, Nunk by Warp 9. In 1983, Hashim created an electro funk sound which influenced Herbie Hancock, resulting in his hit single \"Rockit\". The early 1980s were electro's mainstream peak. By the mid 1980s, the genre moved away from its electronic and funk influences, using harder edged beats and rock samples, exemplified by Run DMC. Electro became popular again in the late 1990s with artists such as Anthony Rother and DJs such as Dave Clarke. A third wave of popularity occurred in 2007. Electro has branched out into subgenres, including electrocore and skweee, which developed in Sweden and Finland.", "Q595917": "Paco Ignacio Taibo II (born Francisco Ignacio Taibo Mahojo; on January 11, 1949), also known as Paco Taibo II or informally as PIT is a Spanish-Mexican writer, novelist and political activist based in Mexico City. He is most widely known as the founder of the neopolicial genre of novel in Latin America and is also a prominent member of the international crime writing community. His Spanish language work has won numerous awards including two Latin American Dashiell Hammett Prizes. In 2018, Taibo was appointed as head of the Fondo de Cultura Econ\u00f3mica by President Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador.", "Q1424117": "Marie Georges Humbert (7 January 1859 Paris, France \u2013 22 January 1921 Paris, France) was a French mathematician who worked on Kummer surfaces and the Appell\u2013Humbert theorem and introduced Humbert surfaces. His son was the mathematician Pierre Humbert. He won the Poncelet Prize of the Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences in 1891.\nHe studied at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique. He was the brother-in-law of Charles Mangin.", "Q3066972": "Farnham Maxwell-Lyte FRSC (sometimes Farnham Maxwell Lyte) (10 January 1828 \u2013 4 March 1906) was an English chemist and the pioneer of a number of techniques in photographic processing. As a photographer he is known for his views of the French Pyrenees.", "Q65631": "Hemberg is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q6745284": "Mama Flora's Family is a 1997 historical fiction novel by Alex Haley and David Stevens. The story spans from the 1920s to the 1970s as it follows Flora, a daughter of poor black Mississippi sharecroppers, and her descendants. Haley died before completing the novel, with Stevens finishing the story line.In 1998 the book was adapted into a made for TV miniseries of the same name.", "Q117249": "Jaime Royal \"Robbie\" Robertson, OC (born July 5, 1943), is a Canadian musician, songwriter, film composer, producer, actor, and author. Robertson is best known for his work as lead guitarist and primary songwriter for The Band, and for his career as a solo recording artist.\nRobertson's work with the Band was instrumental in creating the Americana music genre. Robertson has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Canadian Music Hall of Fame as a member of the Band, and has been inducted to Canada's Walk of Fame, both with the Band and on his own. He is ranked 59th in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 greatest guitarists. As a songwriter, Robertson is credited for writing \"The Weight\", \"The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down\", \"Up on Cripple Creek\", \"Broken Arrow\", \"Somewhere Down the Crazy River\", and many others. He has been inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame, and received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Academy of Songwriters.As a film soundtrack producer and composer, Robertson is known for his collaborations with director Martin Scorsese, which began with the rockumentary film The Last Waltz (1978), and continued through a number of dramatic films, including Raging Bull (1980), Casino (1995), The Departed (2006), The Wolf of Wall Street (2013) and The Irishman (2019). He has worked on many other soundtracks for film and television.", "Q96961": "Peter Suhrkamp (full name Johann Heinrich Suhrkamp; 28 March 1891, Hatten \u2013 31 March 1959, Frankfurt) was a German publisher and founder of the Suhrkamp Verlag.", "Q384499": "Francesco Grillo is an Italian economist and manager.", "Q773580": "Giovanni Luigi \"Gianni\" Brera (8 September 1919 \u2013 19 December 1992) was an Italian sports journalist and novelist. This is a description by himself: \"My real name is Giovanni Luigi Brera. I was born on 8 September 1919 in San Zenone Po in the province of Pavia, and grew up like a wild man among woods, river banks and still waters. [...] I am a Padan from the banks and flood plains, the bush and the sandbanks. I soon realized I was a legitimate son of the Po\".", "Q2424447": "Allen Curtis Jenkins (born Alfred McGonegal; April 9, 1900 \u2013 July 20, 1974) was an American character actor and singer who worked on stage, film, and television.", "Q167976": "Lilit Pipoyan (Armenian: \u053c\u056b\u056c\u056b\u0569 \u054a\u056b\u057a\u0578\u0575\u0561\u0576; born June 16, 1955) is an Armenian musician, singer, and architect.\nPipoyan belongs to that narrow circle of modern Armenian musicians whose works present an alternative to the traditional folk, classical, spiritual and pop music. Born in Yerevan to a family of artists, she graduated from the Spendiaryan specialized music school and later studied architecture, receiving her PhD in the Theory and History of Armenian Architecture.\nPipoyan's compositions are based on Armenian poetry and folklore. She is fond of medieval secular songs, for which she creates modern arrangements or new melodies when the originals are lost, with distinctly Armenian character.\nShe also composes music based on modern Armenian poetry. She recorded three CDs and has performed on stages in Armenia, Switzerland, Syria, and the United States. She lives in Yerevan with her husband and two children.", "Q1567748": "Union College is a private liberal arts college in Schenectady, New York. Founded in 1795, it was the first institution of higher learning chartered by the New York State Board of Regents. In the 19th century, it became the \"Mother of Fraternities\", as three of the earliest such organizations were established there. After 175 years as a traditional all-male institution, Union College began enrolling women in 1970.\nThe college offers a liberal arts curriculum across some 21 academic departments, as well as opportunities for interdepartmental majors and self-designed organizing theme majors. In common with most liberal arts colleges, Union offers a wide array of courses in arts, sciences, literature, and foreign languages, but, in common with only a few other liberal arts colleges, Union also offers ABET-accredited undergraduate degrees in computer engineering, bioengineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. By the time they graduate, about 60% of Union students will have engaged in some form of international study or study abroad.", "Q213929": "Otto Schmeil (3 February 1860, Gro\u00dfkugel \u2013 3 February 1943, Heidelberg) was a German zoologist, botanist and educator. He is remembered for his reform efforts in regards to biology education; as a zoologist, he specialized in research of copepods.\nFollowing the death of his parents, he became a student of the Francke Foundations in Halle an der Saale. Beginning in 1880, he worked as schoolteacher in the community of Z\u00f6rbig, then returned to Halle as a teacher in 1883. In 1891 he obtained his doctorate in zoology at Leipzig as a student of Rudolf Leuckart, and three years later was named rector of the Wilhelmst\u00e4dter Volksschule in Magdeburg. In 1904 he left the teaching profession in order to pursue a literary career.During his tenure at Magdeburg, he focused on education reform, in particular, the teaching of biology. In this regard, he strove to move away from the literal approach of instruction, while stressing the need for students to observe nature firsthand and to discover its causal relationships. His \"\u00dcber die Reformbestrebungen auf dem Gebiete des naturgeschichtlichen Unterrichts\" (On reform efforts in the areas of natural history teaching) was published over several editions.", "Q1718656": "The Warsaw University of Technology (Polish: Politechnika Warszawska, literally, \"Warsaw Polytechnic\") is one of the leading institutes of technology in Poland and one of the largest in Central Europe. It employs 2,453 teaching faculty, with 357 professors (including 145 titular professors). The student body numbers 36,156 (as of 2011), mostly full-time. There are 19 faculties (divisions) covering almost all fields of science and technology. They are in Warsaw, except for one in P\u0142ock.\nThe Warsaw University of Technology has about 5,000 graduates per year. According to the 2008 Rzeczpospolita newspaper survey, engineers govern Polish companies. Warsaw Tech alums make up the highest percentage of Polish managers and executives. Every ninth president among the top 500 corporations in Poland is a graduate of the Warsaw University of Technology. Professor Kurnik, the rector, explained that the school provides a solid basis for the performance of managers by equipping its students with an education at the highest level and a preparation with the tools and information, including knowledge of foreign languages.The origins of Warsaw University of Technology date back to 1826 when engineering education was begun in the Warsaw Institute of Technology.\nIn 2018, Times Higher Education ranked the university within the 601-800 band globally.", "Q2325516": "Armenian Americans (Armenian: \u0561\u0574\u0565\u0580\u056b\u056f\u0561\u0570\u0561\u0575\u0565\u0580, amerikahayer) are citizens or residents of the United States who have total or partial Armenian ancestry. They form the second largest community of the Armenian diaspora after Armenians in Russia. The first major wave of Armenian immigration to the United States took place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Thousands of Armenians settled in the United States following the Hamidian massacres of the mid-1890s, the Adana Massacre of 1909, and the Armenian Genocide of 1915 in the Ottoman Empire. Since the 1950s many Armenians from the Middle East (especially from Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Egypt and Turkey) migrated to America as a result of political instability in the region. It accelerated in the late 1980s and has continued after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 due to socio-economic and political reasons.\nThe 2017 American Community Survey estimated that 485,970 Americans held full or partial Armenian ancestry. Various organizations and media criticize these numbers as an underestimate, proposing 800,000 to 1,500,000 Armenian Americans instead. The highest concentration of Americans of Armenian descent is in the Greater Los Angeles area, where 166,498 people have identified themselves as Armenian to the 2000 Census, comprising over 40% of the 385,488 people who identified Armenian origins in the US at the time. The city of Glendale in the Los Angeles metropolitan area is widely thought to be the center of Armenian American life (although many Armenians live in the aptly named \"Little Armenia\" municipality of Los Angeles).\nThe Armenian American community is the most politically influential community of the Armenian diaspora. Organizations such as Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA) and Armenian Assembly of America advocate for the recognition of the Armenian Genocide by the United States government and support stronger Armenia\u2013United States relations. The Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) is known for its financial support and promotion of Armenian culture and Armenian language schools.", "Q1050307": "Catalunya R\u00e0dio (Catalan pronunciation: [k\u0259t\u0259\u02c8lu\u0272\u0259 \u02c8ra\u00f0i.u]) is Catalonia's public radio network. With headquarters in Barcelona, it is part of the Corporaci\u00f3 Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals (CCMA), owned by the Generalitat de Catalunya. Catalunya R\u00e0dio broadcasts exclusively in Catalan and is the major Catalan-language network today, although R\u00e0dio 4 from Radio Nacional de Espa\u00f1a (founded in 1976) was the first post-Franco Era station to broadcast in the language.\nCatalunya R\u00e0dio began broadcasting on 20 June 1983. Over the years, it has expanded to encompass four separate stations:\n\nCatalunya R\u00e0dio - The first station, and the one that gave the network its name. A generalist station that broadcasts 24 hours a day and is the third largest radio station in Catalonia by audience size.\nCatalunya M\u00fasica - Founded on 10 May 1987, Catalunya M\u00fasica concentrates on classical and contemporary music, plus specialized music programmes. It broadcasts 24 hours a day.\nCatalunya Informaci\u00f3 - Created on 11 September 1992, Catalunya Informaci\u00f3 was Spain's first all-news station. It broadcasts 24 hours a day.\niCat fm - Launched on 23 April 2006, this a multi-media radio station closely linked to the Internet and promoting both traditional and contemporary culture.Catalunya R\u00e0dio has grown significantly since its inception, and is currently available in Catalonia, Valencia, the Balearic Islands, Northern Catalonia, La Franja, and Andorra.", "Q377277": "Gl\u00fcckstadt (German pronunciation ) (Danish: Lykstad) is a town in the Steinburg district of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is located on the right bank of the Lower Elbe at the confluence of the small Rhin river, about 45 km (28 mi) northwest of Altona. Gl\u00fcckstadt is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region (Metropolregion Hamburg).", "Q52923": "Janice Elaine Voss (October 8, 1956 \u2013 February 6, 2012) was an American engineer and a NASA astronaut. Voss received her B.S. in engineering science from Purdue University, her M.S. in electrical engineering from MIT, and her PhD in aeronautics and astronautics from MIT. She flew in space five times, jointly holding the record for American women. Voss died in Arizona on February 6, 2012 from breast cancer.", "Q35760": "An essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument \u2014 but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of a paper, an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays have traditionally been sub-classified as formal and informal. Formal essays are characterized by \"serious purpose, dignity, logical organization, length,\" whereas the informal essay is characterized by \"the personal element (self-revelation, individual tastes and experiences, confidential manner), humor, graceful style, rambling structure, unconventionality or novelty of theme,\" etc.Essays are commonly used as literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays (e.g., Alexander Pope's An Essay on Criticism and An Essay on Man). While brevity usually defines an essay, voluminous works like John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Thomas Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population are counterexamples.\nIn some countries (e.g., the United States and Canada), essays have become a major part of formal education. Secondary students are taught structured essay formats to improve their writing skills; admission essays are often used by universities in selecting applicants, and in the humanities and social sciences essays are often used as a way of assessing the performance of students during final exams.\nThe concept of an \"essay\" has been extended to other media beyond writing. A film essay is a movie that often incorporates documentary filmmaking styles and focuses more on the evolution of a theme or idea. A photographic essay covers a topic with a linked series of photographs that may have accompanying text or captions.", "Q321031": "Nicholas Lens (born 1957) is a Belgian composer of contemporary music, particularly known for his operas. His work is published by Schott Music International (Mainz/New York) and Mute Song (London) and distributed by Universal Music Group and Sony BMG International.\nLens lives alternately in Brussels and Venice.", "Q1290": "Blaise Pascal ( pask-AL, also UK: -\u2060AHL, PASK-\u0259l, -\u2060al, US: pah-SKAHL, French: [bl\u025bz paskal]; 19 June 1623 \u2013 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic theologian. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences, where he made important contributions to the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by generalising the work of Evangelista Torricelli. Pascal also wrote in defence of the scientific method.\nIn 1642, while still a teenager, he started some pioneering work on calculating machines. After three years of effort and 50 prototypes, he built 20 finished machines (called Pascal's calculators and later Pascalines) over the following 10 years, establishing him as one of the first two inventors of the mechanical calculator.Pascal was an important mathematician, helping create two major new areas of research: he wrote a significant treatise on the subject of projective geometry at the age of 16, and later corresponded with Pierre de Fermat on probability theory, strongly influencing the development of modern economics and social science. Following Galileo Galilei and Torricelli, in 1647, he rebutted Aristotle's followers who insisted that nature abhors a vacuum. Pascal's results caused many disputes before being accepted.\nIn 1646, he and his sister Jacqueline identified with the religious movement within Catholicism known by its detractors as Jansenism. Following a religious experience in late 1654, he began writing influential works on philosophy and theology. His two most famous works date from this period: the Lettres provinciales and the Pens\u00e9es, the former set in the conflict between Jansenists and Jesuits. In that year, he also wrote an important treatise on the arithmetical triangle. Between 1658 and 1659, he wrote on the cycloid and its use in calculating the volume of solids.\nThroughout his life, Pascal was in frail health, especially after the age of 18; he died just two months after his 39th birthday.", "Q983530": "Donovan Letts (born (1956-01-10)10 January 1956) is a British film director, DJ and musician. Letts first came to prominence as the videographer for The Clash, directing several of their music videos. In 1984, Letts co-founded the band Big Audio Dynamite with Clash guitarist Mick Jones, acting as the group's sampler and videographer before departing the band in 1990.\nLetts also directed music videos for Musical Youth, The Psychedelic Furs, The Pretenders and Elvis Costello as well as the feature documentaries The Punk Rock Movie (1977) and The Clash: Westway to the World (2000).\n\n", "Q233347": "Clea Helen D'Etienne DuVall (born September 25, 1977) is an American actress, writer, producer, and director. She is known for her appearances in the films The Faculty (1998), She's All That; But I'm a Cheerleader; Girl, Interrupted (all 1999), Identity, 21 Grams (both 2003), The Grudge (2004), Zodiac (2007), Conviction (2010), and Argo (2012).\nOn television, she played Sofie in Carniv\u00e0le (2003\u201305), Audrey Hanson in Heroes (2006\u20132007), Wendy Peyser in American Horror Story: Asylum (2012\u20132013), Emma Borden in The Lizzie Borden Chronicles (2015), Marjorie in Veep (2016\u20132019) and Sylvia in The Handmaid's Tale (2018\u20132019).\nIn 2016, DuVall made her feature directorial debut with The Intervention, which she also wrote and co-produced.", "Q45287": "Alfred Polgar (originally: Alfred Polak, pseudonyms: Archibald Douglas, L. A. Terne; 17 October 1873, Vienna \u2013 24 April 1955, Z\u00fcrich) was an Austrian-born journalist, born into an assimilated Jewish family, one of the most renowned intellectuals of the Vienna coffeehouses. \nHe was born in Leopoldstadt. He left Austria in 1938, and later worked in Hollywood.He was known as a drama critic (in Berlin from 1925 to 1933) and as an essayist. He died in Zurich.", "Q65157": "Robert Kurz (24 December 1943 \u2013 18 July 2012) was a German Marxist philosopher, social critic, journalist and editor of the journal Exit! He was one of Germany's most prominent theorists of value criticism.", "Q1719548": "Liu Yongxing (Chinese: \u5218\u6c38\u884c, born June 1948) is a Chinese businessman. He is the founder, chairman and CEO of East Hope Group, a Chinese company active in the agribusiness as well as chemical and non-ferrous metal industries. He is the honorary president of the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce in Sichuan, a part-time professor at China Agricultural University, MBA lecturer, and a member of the Standing Committee of the CPPCC.", "Q234428": "Marit Elisabeth Larsen (born 1 July 1983) is a Norwegian singer and songwriter. She began playing violin at age of 5 and played it until the age of 8. She gained international fame during her teenage years as a member of the pop duo M2M with childhood friend Marion Raven. She then pursued her own music career, releasing her debut solo album Under the Surface in 2006. Her second album, The Chase, was released in Norway in October 2008. Her third album, titled Spark was released in Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Finland on 18 November 2011, and in Germany, Austria and Switzerland on 16 December 2011. Her fourth studio album When the Morning Comes was released on 20 October 2014. Larsen toured in its support within Norway with her own concerts, played songs from the album in Germany and Switzerland at public festivals and was the opening act at two of Johannes Oerding's concerts in November 2015.\n\n", "Q429144": "Sacco & Vanzetti (Italian: Sacco e Vanzetti, French: Sacco et Vanzetti) is a 1971 docudrama film written and directed by Giuliano Montaldo, based on the events surrounding the trial and execution of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, two anarchists of Italian origin, who were sentenced to death for murdering a guard and a paymaster during the April 15, 1920 armed robbery of the Slater and Morrill Shoe Company in Braintree, Massachusetts.\nThe film stars Gian Maria Volont\u00e9 as Sacco, Riccardo Cucciolla as Vanzetti, Cyril Cusack as prosecutor Frederick G. Katzmann, Geoffrey Keen as presiding justice Webster Thayer, Milo O'Shea as defense attorney Fred Moore, with Rosanna Fratello, William Prince, and Sergio Fantoni. The musical score was composed and conducted by Ennio Morricone with the three-part ballad sung by Joan Baez. The film is mainly shot in colour although it both starts and finishes in black and white, and also includes period black and white newsreels. \nThe film was an Italian and French co-production, shot on-location in Dublin, Ireland. It was released in separate Italian and English-language versions.", "Q729842": "Mark Jonathan Pincus (born February 13, 1966) is an American Internet entrepreneur known as the founder of Zynga, a mobile social gaming company. Pincus also founded the startups Freeloader, Inc., Tribe Networks, and Support.com; founded and launched an incubator, SuperLabs, later acquired by Zynga; and co-founded the political movement, Win the Future. Pincus served as the CEO of Zynga until July 2013, then again from 2015 to 2016.Pincus was named 2009 \"CEO of the Year\" at The Crunchies technology awards and a year later was named Founder of the Year at the 2010 ceremony. Zynga is considered to be the pioneer of the social gaming industry. In 2011, Zynga went public with a $1 billion IPO.", "Q432202": "Dirty Deeds is a 2005 American comedy film directed by David Kendall, produced by Bill Civitella and Dan Kaplow; written by Jon Land and Jonathan Thies. It was released on August 25, 2005 in the United States and filmed in Los Angeles, California.\nThe film was given a rating of PG-13 for \"crude humor, sexual content, language, teen partying/sexual references, and some violence\". \n\n", "Q738797": "Joseph Bramah (13 April 1748 \u2013 9 December 1814), born Stainborough Lane Farm, Stainborough, Barnsley Yorkshire, was an English inventor and locksmith. He is best known for having invented the hydraulic press. Along with William George Armstrong, he can be considered one of the two fathers of hydraulic engineering.\n\n", "Q662499": "Busswil bei B\u00fcren is a former municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011 it was merged with the municipality of Lyss.", "Q238212": "Guri Schanke (Norwegian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u0289\u0300\u02d0\u027ei \u02c8sk\u0251\u0300\u014bk\u0259]) (born Guri Annika Schanke December 14, 1961) is a Norwegian actress and singer. She is known in Norway for her acting career, and was part of the 2005 round of the Norwegian version of Dancing with the Stars, where she came in second.", "Q958": "South Sudan (), officially known as the Republic of South Sudan (Dinka: Paguot Thud\u00e4n) is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa. It is bordered to the east by Ethiopia, to the north by Sudan, to the west by the Central African Republic, to the south-west by Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south by Uganda and to the south east by Kenya. \nIt gained independence from the Republic of the Sudan in 2011, making it the most recent sovereign state or country with widespread recognition. Its capital and largest city is Juba. It includes the vast swamp region of the Sudd, formed by the White Nile and known locally as the Bahr al Jabal (Arabic: \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u200e), meaning \"Mountain Sea\". Sudan was occupied by Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty and was governed as an Anglo-Egyptian condominium until Sudanese independence in 1956. Following the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed in 1972 and lasted until 1983. A second Sudanese civil war soon broke out, ending in 2005 with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. Later that year, southern autonomy was restored when an Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan was formed. South Sudan became an independent state on 9 July 2011, following 98.83% support for independence in a January 2011 referendum. It has suffered ethnic violence and endured a civil war from 2013 until February 22, 2020, when South Sudan rivals Salva Kiir and Riek Machar struck a unity deal and formed a coalition government.South Sudan has a population of 12 million, mostly of the Nilotic peoples, and it is demographically among the youngest nations in the world, with roughly half under 18 years old. The majority of inhabitants adhere to Christianity or various traditional faiths. The country is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the East African Community the Intergovernmental Authority on Development. and is a party to the Geneva Conventions. As of 2019, South Sudan ranks lowest in the latest UN World Happiness Report, second lowest on the Global Peace Index, and has the third-highest score on the American Fund for Peace's Fragile States Index.", "Q188569": "William Godwin (3 March 1756 \u2013 7 April 1836) was an English journalist, political philosopher and novelist. He is considered one of the first exponents of utilitarianism and the first modern proponent of anarchism. Godwin is most famous for two books that he published within the space of a year: An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice, an attack on political institutions, and Things as They Are; or, The Adventures of Caleb Williams, an early mystery novel which attacks aristocratic privilege. Based on the success of both, Godwin featured prominently in the radical circles of London in the 1790s. He wrote prolifically in the genres of novels, history and demography throughout his life.\nIn the conservative reaction to British radicalism, Godwin was attacked, in part because of his marriage to the pioneering feminist writer Mary Wollstonecraft in 1797 and his candid biography of her after her death from childbirth. Their daughter, later known as Mary Shelley, would go on to write Frankenstein and marry the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. With his second wife, Mary Jane Clairmont, Godwin set up The Juvenile Library, allowing the family to write their own works for children (sometimes using noms de plume) and translate and publish many other books, some of enduring significance. Godwin has had considerable influence on British literature and literary culture.", "Q391094": "Sir Roger James Gale (born 20 August 1943) is a British Conservative politician. He was first elected in 1983 as the Member of Parliament (MP) for North Thanet in Kent.", "Q76895": "Lamont Waltman Marvin Jr. (February 19, 1924 \u2013 August 29, 1987), better known as Lee Marvin, was an American film and television actor.Known for his distinctive voice and premature white hair, Marvin initially appeared in supporting roles, mostly villains, soldiers, and other hardboiled characters. A prominent television role was that of Detective Lieutenant Frank Ballinger in the NBC crime series M Squad (1957\u20131960). Marvin is best remembered for his lead roles as \u201ctough guy\u201d characters such as Charlie Strom in The Killers (1964), Rico Fardan in The Professionals (1966), Major John Reisman in The Dirty Dozen, Walker in Point Blank (both 1967), and the Sergeant in The Big Red One (1980).\nOne of Marvin's most notable film projects was Cat Ballou (1965), a comedy Western in which he played dual roles. For portraying both gunfighter Kid Shelleen and criminal Tim Strawn, he won the Academy Award for Best Actor, along with a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, an NBR Award, and the Silver Bear for Best Actor.", "Q955610": "Santiago Leyva (born October 19, 1988), known by his stage name Fashawn, is an American hip hop recording artist from Fresno, California. He first gained major attention after releasing his debut album Boy Meets World in 2009, which was produced entirely by Exile. The album received critical acclaim and landed him on the cover of XXL Magazine's Top 10 Freshmen issue in 2010. Since then, Fashawn has collaborated with other artists and producers such as Nas, J. Cole, Wiz Khalifa, Evidence, Murs, Aloe Blacc, Blu, The Alchemist, and 9th Wonder. In 2014, Fashawn performed the entrance theme to WBO welterweight champion Timothy Bradley's rematch against Manny Pacquiao.On June 9, 2014, Fashawn signed to Nas' new label Mass Appeal Records. After years of anticipation, Fashawn released his second studio album The Ecology on February 24, 2015. It ranked among the top 10 most downloaded albums on the iTunes Hip-Hop Chart during its first week of release. Since then, songs from The Ecology have been featured in various forms of popular media.\n\n", "Q375474": "Vartan Pasha (Armenian: \u054e\u0561\u0580\u0564\u0561\u0576 \u0583\u0561\u0577\u0561), (Hovsep Vartanian or Osep Vartanian) (1813 - 1879) was an Ottoman Armenian statesman, author, and journalist of the 19th century, promoted to the rank of \"Pasha\" after three decades in the service of the state. He is also notable for his novel \"Akabi's Story\" (Akabi Hikayesi), published in 1851 in Turkish written in the Armenian script (a not unusual practice in the 19th century), and for having published the bilingual magazine Mecmua-i Havadis, an important reference in the history of the Turkish written press.\nHis novel is, according to the Austrian Turkologist Andreas Tietze who re-edited it and had a transcription published in 1991, the first genuine novel published in Turkey or, according to another viewpoint, \"one of the five early, contemporaneous and intermediate works of fiction that were clearly distinct from earlier prose traditions in both Divan and folk literature, and that approximate novelistic form.\"The question of which was the first Turkish novel is still debated. The first Turkish novel has often been considered to be Sami Frash\u00ebri's \"Love affair between Talat and Fitnat\" (Ta'a\u015f\u015fuk-\u0131 Tal'at ve Fitnat), published in 1872. On the other hand, although written in Turkish, Vartan Pasha's \"Akabi's Story\", because of its fully Armenian context, can also be considered as the first Armenian novel that saw print (Khachatur Abovian's Wounds of Armenia having been published in 1858).", "Q76659": "Frederic Zelnik (born Friedrich Zelnik, 17 May 1885 \u2013 29 November 1950) was a Ukrainian producer, director, and actor. He was one of the most important producers-directors of the German silent cinema. Zelnik achieved success through period operetta films in the 1920s and 1930s.\n\n", "Q61325": "Albrecht Behmel (born 24 March 1971) is a German artist, novelist, historian, non-fiction writer and award-winning playwright.", "Q122580": "Samuel Ellis Cook (September 30, 1860 \u2013 February 22, 1946) was a U.S. Representative from Indiana.\nBorn on a farm in Huntington County, Indiana, Cook attended the common schools in Whitley County and the normal schools at Columbia City, Indiana, and Ada, Ohio.\nHe taught school and engaged in agricultural pursuits.\nHe studied law.\nHe was graduated from the law department of Valparaiso University, Indiana, in 1888.\nHe was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Huntington, Indiana.\nHe served as prosecuting attorney for Huntington County 1892-1894.\nHe served as delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1896.\nEditorial writer for the Huntington News-Democrat 1896-1900.\nHe served as judge of the Huntington circuit court for the fifty-sixth judicial district 1906-1918.\nCook was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1923 \u2013 March 3, 1925).\nHe was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1924 to the Sixty-ninth Congress.\nHe resumed the practice of law in Huntington, Indiana, where he died February 22, 1946.\nHe was interred in Mount Hope Cemetery.", "Q517914": "Dario Jos\u00e9 dos Santos (born 4 March 1946 in Rio de Janeiro), nicknamed Dario, or Dad\u00e1 Maravilha (Wonder Dad\u00e1) is a former Brazilian footballer. He played as a centre-forward.", "Q67754": "Gnosca is a former municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.\n\n", "Q47484": "Andr\u00e9 Paul Guillaume Gide (French: [\u0251\u0303d\u0281e p\u0254l \u0261ijom \u0292id]; 22 November 1869 \u2013 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (in 1947). Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in the symbolist movement, to the advent of anticolonialism between the two World Wars. The author of more than fifty books, at the time of his death his obituary in The New York Times described him as \"France's greatest contemporary man of letters\" and \"judged the greatest French writer of this century by the literary cognoscenti.\"Known for his fiction as well as his autobiographical works, Gide exposes to public view the conflict and eventual reconciliation of the two sides of his personality (characterized by a Protestant austerity and a transgressive sexual adventurousness, respectively), which a strict and moralistic education had helped set at odds. Gide's work can be seen as an investigation of freedom and empowerment in the face of moralistic and puritanical constraints, and centers on his continuous effort to achieve intellectual honesty. His self-exploratory texts reflect his search of how to be fully oneself, including owning one's sexual nature, without at the same time betraying one's values. His political activity is shaped by the same ethos, as indicated by his repudiation of communism after his 1936 voyage to the USSR.", "Q794": "Iran (Persian: \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200e Ir\u0101n [\u0294i\u02d0\u02c8\u027e\u0252\u02d0n] (listen)), also called Persia, and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200e Jomhuri-ye Esl\u0101mi-ye Ir\u0101n (listen) [d\u0292omhu\u02d0\u02cc\u027eije esl\u0252\u02d0\u02ccmije \u0294i\u02d0\u02c8\u027e\u0252n]), is a country in Western Asia. With 83 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th most populous country. Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran, and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area.Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BC, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC under Cyrus the Great, whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, one of the largest empires in history. The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BC, which was succeeded in the third century AD by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries.Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century AD, and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion. Iran's major contributions to art, philosophy, and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age. Over the next two centuries, a series of native Muslim dynasties emerged before the Seljuq Turks and the Ilkhanate Mongols conquered the region. The rise of the native Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history.Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. The Persian Constitutional Revolution in the early 20th century created a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocratic rule under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and growing Western political influence. A far-reaching series of reforms known as the White Revolution was launched by the Shah in 1963, prompting industrial growth, land reforms, and increased women's rights. Nevertheless, widespread dissatisfaction and unrest against the monarchy persisted, leading to the Iranian Revolution, which established the current Islamic Republic. For most of the 1980s, Iran fought a war with Iraq that resulted in millions of casualties and economic devastation for both sides.\nIran's political system has elements of a presidential democracy with a theocracy governed by an autocratic \"Supreme Leader\". It has been described as authoritarian, with significant constraints and abuses against human rights.Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels\u2014including the world's largest natural gas supply and the third largest proven oil reserves\u2014exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third largest number in Asia and 10th largest in the world. Historically a multi-ethnic country, Iran remains a pluralistic society comprising numerous ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups, the largest being Persians, Azeris, Kurds, Mazandaranis and Lurs.\n\n", "Q68467": "Lake Champlain (; French: Lac Champlain; Abenaki: Pitawbagok; Mohawk: Kaniatarakw\u00e0:ronte) is a natural freshwater lake in North America mainly within the borders of the United States (in the states of Vermont and New York) but partially situated across the Canada\u2013U.S. border, in the Canadian province of Quebec.The New York portion of the Champlain Valley includes the eastern portions of Clinton County and Essex County. Most of this area is part of the Adirondack Park. There are recreational facilities in the park and along the relatively undeveloped coastline of Lake Champlain. The cities of Plattsburgh, New York and Burlington, Vermont are on the lake's western and eastern shores, respectively, and the Town of Ticonderoga, New York is in the region's southern part. The Quebec portion is in the regional county municipalities of Le Haut-Richelieu and Brome-Missisquoi. There are a number of islands in the lake; the largest include Grand Isle, Isle La Motte, and North Hero, all part of Grand Isle County, Vermont.", "Q104221": "Kristina D\u00f6rfer, also known by the stage name KR!S or Kris, (born 26 July 1984 in Wurzen, Saxony, East Germany) is a German singer and television actress.", "Q3108073": "Giuiseppe Luraghi (12 June 1905 \u2013 11 December 1991) was an Italian lyricist and engineer, working for Alfa Romeo where he also was president.Luraghi studied economics and trade at Bocconi University\nHe worked 1930\u201350 for the milanese Pirelli tyre manufacturer (established 1875). Before the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 he also led the Barcelona office of Pirelli. In 1950 he was hired by Enrico Marchesano (1894\u20131967), president of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI), to become the director of a hydroelectric powerplant in Piedmont. In 1951 he became director of Finmeccanica, the technical branch of IRI, a position he held til 1956.\nHe continued as vice president of Alfa Romeo, while also being the director of the Lanerossi company 1956\u201360. From 1960 to 1973 he works for the federal Finmeccanica, in particular as the executive director (CEO) of the Alfa Romeo car manufacturer of Milano.\nLuraghi was also a poet and a novelist. He started writing in the 1940s. From 1977 to 1983 he was nominated president of Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, a milanese publishing house that had published his literary works in the 1960s.", "Q57697": "Samuel Archibald Anthony Hinds (born 27 December 1943) is a Guyanese politician who was Prime Minister of Guyana almost continuously from 1992 to 2015. He also briefly served as President of Guyana in 1997. He was awarded Guyana's highest national award, the Order of Excellence (O.E.) in 2011.\nHe first became Prime Minister under Cheddi Jagan in 1992, following the October 1992 election, which was won by an alliance of the People's Progressive Party (PPP) and Hinds' group, Civic. When Jagan died in March 1997, Hinds became President himself, and appointed Jagan's widow Janet as Prime Minister. For the December 1997 General Elections, the PPP/C nominated Hinds as candidate for Prime Minister while Janet Jagan was the candidate for the Presidency. Following the election, Jagan was elected President and re-appointed Hinds as Prime Minister.\nPrior to this Hinds worked for Alcan as head of chemical engineering. By education, Hinds is a licensed and qualified chemical engineer, having graduated from the University of New Brunswick.\nIn August 1999, President Janet Jagan decided to resign, and temporarily replaced Hinds with Bharrat Jagdeo; Jagdeo thus became President upon her resignation, and he reappointed Hinds as Prime Minister. After the re-election of the government in the 28 August 2006 election, Hinds was sworn in as prime minister again in early September.\nHe was re-nominated as the 2011 prime ministerial candidate for the PPP in October 2011, although there were suggestions that he might step aside. After PPP/C candidate Donald Ramotar was elected President, Hinds was sworn in as Prime Minister again on 5 December 2011.Following the opposition's victory in the May 2015 general election, Hinds was succeeded as Prime Minister by Moses Nagamootoo on 20 May 2015.Sam Hinds is honored in the scientific name of a species of lizard, Kaieteurosaurus hindsi.", "Q52937": "Christina (18 December 1626 \u2013 19 April 1689) became Queen of Sweden at the age of almost six. As a member of the House of Vasa, she succeeded her father Gustavus Adolphus upon his death at the Battle of L\u00fctzen, but began ruling the Swedish Empire when she reached the age of 18.Christina is remembered as one of the most learned women of the 17th century. She was fond of books, manuscripts, paintings, and sculptures. With her interest in religion, philosophy, mathematics and alchemy, she attracted many scientists to Stockholm, wanting the city to become the \"Athens of the North\". She caused a scandal when she decided not to marry, and in 1654 when she abdicated her throne and converted to Catholicism. \nChristina's financial extravagance brought the state to the verge of bankruptcy, and the financial difficulties caused public unrest after ten years of ruling. At the age of 28, the \"Minerva of the North\" relinquished the throne to her cousin and moved to Rome. Pope Alexander VII described Christina as \"a queen without a realm, a Christian without faith, and a woman without shame.\" Notwithstanding, she played a leading part in the theatrical and musical community and protected many Baroque artists, composers, and musicians.\nBeing the guest of five consecutive popes, and a symbol of the Counter Reformation, she is one of the few women buried in the Vatican grotto. Her unconventional lifestyle and masculine dressing have been featured in countless novels, plays, operas, and film. In all the biographies about Christina, her gender and cultural identity play an important role.\n\n", "Q156201": "Roman Osipovich Jakobson (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d \u041e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0441\u043e\u0301\u043d; October 11, 1896 \u2013 July 18, 1982) was a Russian-American linguist and literary theorist.\nA pioneer of structural linguistics, Jakobson was one of the most celebrated and influential linguists of the twentieth century. With Nikolai Trubetzkoy, he developed revolutionary new techniques for the analysis of linguistic sound systems, in effect founding the modern discipline of phonology. Jakobson went on to extend similar principles and techniques to the study of other aspects of language such as syntax, morphology and semantics. He made numerous contributions to Slavic linguistics, most notably two studies of Russian case and an analysis of the categories of the Russian verb. Drawing on insights from C. S. Peirce's semiotics, as well as from communication theory and cybernetics, he proposed methods for the investigation of poetry, music, the visual arts, and cinema.\nThrough his decisive influence on Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss and Roland Barthes, among others, Jakobson became a pivotal figure in the adaptation of structural analysis to disciplines beyond linguistics, including philosophy, anthropology, and literary theory; his development of the approach pioneered by Ferdinand de Saussure, known as \"structuralism\", became a major post-war intellectual movement in Europe and the United States. Meanwhile, though the influence of structuralism declined during the 1970s, Jakobson's work has continued to receive attention in linguistic anthropology, especially through the ethnography of communication developed by Dell Hymes and the semiotics of culture developed by Jakobson's former student Michael Silverstein. Jakobson's concept of underlying linguistic universals, particularly his celebrated theory of distinctive features, decisively influenced the early thinking of Noam Chomsky, who became the dominant figure in theoretical linguistics during the second half of the twentieth century.", "Q274018": "Lolita Shant\u00e9 Gooden (born March 8, 1970), better known by her stage name Roxanne Shante, is an American hip hop musician and rapper. Born and raised in the Queensbridge Projects of Queens, New York City, Shante first gained attention through the Roxanne Wars and was part of the Juice Crew. The 2018 film Roxanne Roxanne is a dramatization of Shante's life.", "Q225531": "Olivier Py (French pronunciation: \u200b[pi]; born 24 July 1965 in Grasse, Alpes-Maritimes) is a French stage director, actor and writer.\nIn 1997, Py became director of the \"Centre Dramatique National d'Orl\u00e9ans\". In 2007, he became director of the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de l'Od\u00e9on.Py describes himself as Catholic and homosexual. He is known for his emphasis on Catholic and homoerotic themes.\nSince the early 2000s, Py has increasingly devoted himself to the opera. His productions of La Damnation de Faust, Tannh\u00e4user and Tristan und Isolde, all in Geneva, have generally been well received. In March 2008, he debuted at the Paris Op\u00e9ra. On this occasion he stated to a French magazine (Diapason, March 2008) that he \"would not be done staging operas until [he] did Wagner's Ring and Parsifal\".\n\n", "Q80871": "Lucila Godoy Alcayaga (American Spanish: [lu\u02c8sila \u0263o\u02c8\u00f0oj alka\u02c8\u029da\u0263a]; 7 April 1889 \u2013 10 January 1957), known by her pseudonym Gabriela Mistral (Spanish: [\u0261a\u02c8\u03b2\u027ejela mis\u02c8t\u027eal]), was a Chilean poet-diplomat, educator and humanist. In 1945 she became the first Latin American author to receive a Nobel Prize in Literature, \"for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world\". Some central themes in her poems are nature, betrayal, love, a mother's love, sorrow and recovery, travel, and Latin American identity as formed from a mixture of Native American and European influences. Her portrait also appears on the 5,000 Chilean peso bank note.", "Q171866": "Middlesbrough ( (listen) MID-\u0259lz-br\u0259) is a large post-industrial town in North Yorkshire, England. The local council, a unitary authority, is Middlesbrough Borough Council. The 2011 Census recorded the borough's total resident population as 138,400 and the wider urban settlement with a population of 174,700 making it the largest settlement within the ceremonial County of North Yorkshire. Middlesbrough is part of the larger built-up area of Teesside which had an overall population of 376,333 at the 2011 Census.Middlesbrough became a county borough within the North Riding of Yorkshire in 1889. In 1968 the borough was merged with a number of others to form the County Borough of Teesside, which was absorbed in 1974 by the county of Cleveland. In 1996 Cleveland was abolished, and Middlesbrough Borough Council became a unitary authority within the county of North Yorkshire. Erimus (\"We shall be\" in Latin) was chosen as Middlesbrough's motto in 1830. It recalls Fuimus (\"We have been\") the motto of the Norman/Scottish Bruce family, who were lords of Cleveland in the Middle Ages. The town's coat of arms is an azure lion, from the arms of the Bruce family, a star, from the arms of Captain James Cook, and two ships, representing shipbuilding and maritime trade.", "Q327332": "Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai is a 1999 crime film written and directed by Jim Jarmusch. Forest Whitaker stars as the title character, the mysterious \"Ghost Dog\", a hitman in the employ of the Mafia, who follows the ancient code of the samurai as outlined in the book of Yamamoto Tsunetomo's recorded sayings, Hagakure. Critics have noted similarities between the movie and Jean-Pierre Melville's 1967 film Le Samoura\u00ef.\nThe film opened to largely positive critical reception, and was nominated for both an Independent Spirit Award for Best Feature and a C\u00e9sar Award for Best Foreign Film.", "Q1325734": "Nikolay Ivanovich Merkushkin (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d, Moksha: \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d) (born February 5, 1951 in Novye Verkhissy, Mordovia) is a former Governor of Samara Oblast and a former head of the Republic of Mordovia in Russia. He held the latter office from September 22, 1995 to May 10, 2012. From January 24 to September 22, 1995 he was the Chairman of the State Assembly of Mordovia.\nMerkushkin was an electrical engineer before entering politics. He was reelected president of Mordovia in 1998 and 2003 with 80% of the vote. He has maintained popularity by having a relatively stable economy in the republic and paying salaries and pensions on time. He has prevented opponents from running against him by disqualifying candidates which seem to have more than 3% invalid signatures. Merkushkin is married to Taisiya Merkushina, an ethnic Erzyan and has two sons.\nOn 10 May 2012 Merkushkin resigned to become Acting Governor of Samara Oblast. He was replaced by his PM Vladimir Volkov.\nOn 25 September 2017 he was removed from the position of Governor of the Samara Region.\n\n", "Q44833": "John Weldon \"J. J.\" Cale (December 5, 1938 \u2013 July 26, 2013) was an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Though he avoided the limelight, his influence as a musical artist has been widely acknowledged by figures such as Mark Knopfler, Neil Young and Eric Clapton, who described him as \"one of the most important artists in the history of rock\". He is considered to be one of the originators of the Tulsa Sound, a loose genre drawing on blues, rockabilly, country, and jazz.\nIn 2008, Cale, along with Clapton, received a Grammy Award for their album The Road to Escondido.", "Q109063": "James Chambers, OM (born 1 April 1948), known professionally as Jimmy Cliff, is a Jamaican ska and reggae musician, multi-instrumentalist, singer, and actor. Along with Bunny Wailer he is one of only two living musicians to hold the Order of Merit, the highest honour that can be granted by the Jamaican government for achievements in the arts and sciences.\nCliff is best known among mainstream audiences for songs such as \"Wonderful World, Beautiful People\", \"Many Rivers to Cross\", \"You Can Get It If You Really Want\", \"The Harder They Come\", \"Reggae Night\", and \"Hakuna Matata\", and his covers of Cat Stevens's \"Wild World\" and Johnny Nash's \"I Can See Clearly Now\" from the film Cool Runnings. He starred in the film The Harder They Come, which helped popularize reggae across the world, and Club Paradise. Cliff was one of five performers inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010.", "Q431079": "Loren Dwight Leman (born December 2, 1950) is an American politician who served as lieutenant governor of Alaska, from 2002 to 2006. Before that, he served in both houses of the state legislature, and was elected as the Senate Majority Leader by the end of his term. He served in office in electoral politics from 1989 to 2006. When Leman was elected as lieutenant governor in 2002, he was the first person of Alaska Native ancestry to be elected to statewide office in Alaska. He also has Russian-Polish ancestry.", "Q204299": "Frances Louise McDormand (born Cynthia Ann Smith, June 23, 1957) is an American actress. She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards, two Emmy Awards (Primetime) and a Tony Award, making her one of the few performers to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting.\nMcDormand was educated at Bethany College and Yale University. She has starred in a number of films by the Coen brothers, including Blood Simple (1984), Raising Arizona (1987), Fargo (1996), The Man Who Wasn't There (2001), Burn After Reading (2008) and Hail, Caesar! (2016). For playing Marge Gunderson in Fargo, she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. Her other film roles include Mississippi Burning (1988), Almost Famous (2000), and North Country (2005), all earning her nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 2017, she starred as a hardened woman seeking justice for her daughter's murder in the crime-drama film Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri, which won her a second Academy Award for Best Actress.\nMcDormand made her Broadway debut in a 1984 revival of the drama Awake and Sing!, and received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her acclaimed performance as Stella Kowalski in a 1988 revival of A Streetcar Named Desire. She returned to Broadway in 2008 with a revival of The Country Girl, leading to a Drama Desk Award nomination for Outstanding Actress in a Play. In 2011, she won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for playing a troubled single mother in Good People. On television, McDormand played the titular protagonist in the HBO miniseries Olive Kitteridge (2014), which won her the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie.", "Q244865": "Champion is a 1949 American film noir drama sport film based on a short story by Ring Lardner. It recounts the struggles of boxer \"Midge\" Kelly fighting his own demons while working to achieve success in the boxing ring. The drama was directed by Mark Robson, with cinematography by Franz Planer. The drama features Kirk Douglas, Marilyn Maxwell, and Arthur Kennedy.The film won an Academy Award for Best Film Editing and gained five other nominations as well, including a Best Actor for Douglas.\nSeveral clips from the film were used in Douglas' 1999 film Diamonds to illustrate his character's career as a boxer.", "Q360079": "Eino Leino (birth name Armas Einar Leopold L\u00f6nnbohm) (6 July 1878 \u2013 10 January 1926) was a Finnish poet and journalist who is considered one of the pioneers of Finnish poetry. His poems combine modern and Finnish folk elements. The style of much of his work is like the Kalevala and folk songs. Nature, love, and despair are frequent themes in Leino's work. He is beloved and widely read in Finland today.", "Q1249188": "Nancy-Universit\u00e9 federated the three principal institutes of higher education of Nancy, in Lorraine, France before their merger into the University of Lorraine:\n\nHenri Poincar\u00e9 University (UHP, also known as Nancy 1): natural sciences, wrapping several faculties and engineering schools\n\u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure des Sciences et Technologies de l'Ing\u00e9nieur de Nancy: general engineering\n\u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure d'Informatique et Applications de Lorraine: Computer Science engineering\nNancy 2 University: social sciences\nInstitut national polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL): engineering schools, notably :\nENSEM: electrical and mechanical engineering\nMines de Nancy: general engineering\nENSIC: chemistry\nENSAIA: agricultural engineeringWith over 50 000 students, Nancy has the fifth largest student population in France.", "Q25201": "The F\u00fcrstein is a mountain of the Emmental Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Lucerne and Obwalden.\nThe closest locality is Fl\u00fchli, on the western side.", "Q1061870": "Jeremy Michael Ward (May 5, 1976 \u2013 May 25, 2003) was the sound technician and vocal operator for The Mars Volta and for the dub outfit De Facto. He created many of the soundscapes heard on The Mars Volta's album De-Loused in the Comatorium. Ward, aside from his role in The Mars Volta and De Facto, played guitar, and was a visual artist working mostly in pen and ink.", "Q89855": "Josef Leopold (18 February 1889 \u2013 24 June 1941) was a leading member of the Nazi Party in Austria. He was the Landesleiter of the party from 1935 to 1938 and the head of the Sturmabteilung in Austria. He belonged to the pro-independence tendency within Austrian Nazism and insisted that Adolf Hitler was only a spiritual leader rather than a future Austrian leader.", "Q121937": "Heinrich Carl von Schimmelmann (13 July 1724 \u2013 16 February 1782) was a German merchant, forgerer and banker during the Seven Years' War, speculating heavily on currency debasement in close association with his business partner Abel Seyler. After supporting the Danish king as the head of the Danish bank, he was rewarded, became a nobleman, plantation owner and finance minister. From 1774 he was involved in the project of digging the Eider Canal.", "Q156567": "Henri Cartier-Bresson (French: [ka\u0281tje b\u0281\u025bs\u0254\u0303]; August 22, 1908 \u2013 August 3, 2004) was a French humanist photographer considered a master of candid photography, and an early user of 35 mm film. He pioneered the genre of street photography, and viewed photography as capturing a decisive moment.Cartier-Bresson was one of the founding members of Magnum Photos in 1947. In the 1970s he took up drawing\u2014he had studied painting in the 1920s.", "Q7193": "Microbiology (from Greek \u03bc\u1fd1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, m\u012bkros, \"small\"; \u03b2\u03af\u03bf\u03c2, bios, \"life\"; and -\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, -logia) is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, protistology, mycology, immunology and parasitology.\nEukaryotic microorganisms possess membrane-bound organelles and include fungi and protists, whereas prokaryotic organisms\u2014all of which are microorganisms\u2014are conventionally classified as lacking membrane-bound organelles and include Bacteria and Archaea. Microbiologists traditionally relied on culture, staining, and microscopy. However, less than 1% of the microorganisms present in common environments can be cultured in isolation using current means. Microbiologists often rely on molecular biology tools such as DNA sequence based identification, for example 16s rRNA gene sequence used for bacteria identification.\nViruses have been variably classified as organisms, as they have been considered either as very simple microorganisms or very complex molecules. Prions, never considered as microorganisms, have been investigated by virologists, however, as the clinical effects traced to them were originally presumed due to chronic viral infections, and virologists took search\u2014discovering \"infectious proteins\".\nThe existence of microorganisms was predicted many centuries before they were first observed, for example by the Jains in India and by Marcus Terentius Varro in ancient Rome. The first recorded microscope observation was of the fruiting bodies of moulds, by Robert Hooke in 1666, but the Jesuit priest Athanasius Kircher was likely the first to see microbes, which he mentioned observing in milk and putrid material in 1658. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered a father of microbiology as he observed and experimented with microscopic organisms in 1676, using simple microscopes of his own design. Scientific microbiology developed in the 19th century through the work of Louis Pasteur and in medical microbiology Robert Koch.", "Q179584": "Time of the Innocent (German: Die Zeit der Schuldlosen) is a 1964 West German drama film directed by Thomas Fantl, based on a play by Siegfried Lenz. It was distributed by Columbia-Bavaria Filmgesellschaft in Germany and represented by Export-Film Bischoff worldwide. It was entered into the 14th Berlin International Film Festival. It opened in the presence of President L\u00fcbke and his wife, German Chancellor Erhard, Vice Chancellor Mende, Secretary of State Schr\u00f6der, Minister Westrick, \"Bundespressechef\" von Haase in Berlin's famous Zoo-Palast, which is one of the highest attendances of German politician to a Berlinale premiere.", "Q182050": "Anders Erik Borg (born 11 January 1968) is a Swedish politician who served as Minister for Finance in the Swedish government from 2006 to 2014. He is a member of the Swedish Moderate Party.\n\n", "Q352975": "Tim Krabb\u00e9 (born 13 April 1943) is a Dutch journalist and novelist.\nKrabb\u00e9 was born in Amsterdam. His writing has appeared in most major periodicals in the Netherlands. Once a competitive cyclist, he is known to Dutch readers for his novel De Renner (The Rider), first published in 1978 and translated into English in 2002, of which The Guardian's Matt Seaton wrote: \"Nothing better is ever likely to be written on the subjective experience of cycle-racing\". English readers know him primarily for The Vanishing (Dutch: Spoorloos, literally: \"Traceless\" or \"Without a Trace\"), the translation of his 1984 novel Het Gouden Ei (The Golden Egg), which was made into an acclaimed 1988 Dutch film for which Krabb\u00e9 co-wrote a script. A poorly received American remake was made in 1993. In 1997 he published De grot, translated as The Cave and published in the U.S. in 2000. In 2009, he wrote the \"Boekenweekgeschenk\", called Een Tafel vol Vlinders.\nAlso a former championship chess player, Krabb\u00e9 maintains a chess website, and\nhe is renowned for his writings on the subject,\nin particular on chess problems; for instance, one of his publications is devoted to the Babson task.\nKrabb\u00e9 once authored a chess puzzle which featured a rook castling vertically (see joke chess problem), before this move was specifically disallowed. His FIDE rating is 2274.[1]\nHis father was the painter Maarten Krabb\u00e9 (1908\u20132005) and his mother the Jewish film translator Margreet Reiss. He is the brother of actor Jeroen Krabb\u00e9 and the multimedia artist/designer Mirko Krabb\u00e9, and the uncle of Martijn Krabb\u00e9, a Dutch media personality.", "Q124697": "1900 (Italian: Novecento, \"Twentieth Century\") is a 1976 epic historical drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci and featuring an international ensemble cast including Robert De Niro, G\u00e9rard Depardieu, Dominique Sanda, Francesca Bertini, Laura Betti, Stefania Casini, Ellen Schwiers, Sterling Hayden, Alida Valli, Romolo Valli, Stefania Sandrelli, Donald Sutherland, and Burt Lancaster. Set in Bertolucci's ancestral region of Emilia, the film chronicles the lives and friendship of two men \u2013 the landowning Alfredo Berlinghieri (De Niro) and the peasant Olmo Dalc\u00f2 (Depardieu) \u2013 as they witness and participate in the political conflicts between fascism and communism that took place in Italy in the first half of the 20th century. The film premiered out of competition at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival.With a runtime of 317 minutes in its original version, 1900 is known for being one of the longest commercially released films ever made. Due to its length, the film was presented in two parts when originally released in many countries, including Italy, East and West Germany, Denmark, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Colombia, Pakistan and Japan. In other countries, such as the United States, a single edited-down version of the film was released. 1900 has become widely regarded as a cult classic, and the film received special edition home video releases from Paramount, Fox and other distributors worldwide. The film's restored version premiered out of competition at the 74th Venice International Film Festival in 2017.", "Q78112": "Britta B\u00f6hler (17 July 1960 in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany) is a lawyer in international law and human rights, and a former member of the Dutch Senate for the GreenLeft Party. She was born in West Germany and became a Dutch citizen to run for political office.\n\n", "Q839906": "Flavio Enrique \"Kike\" Santander Lora is a Colombian-American composer, record producer, arranger and entrepreneur. He is considered to be one of the principal Latino composers of the day, having worked with artists such as David Bisbal, Cristian Castro, Thal\u00eda, Chayanne, Diego Torres, Davi Wornel, Alejandro Fern\u00e1ndez, Olga Ta\u00f1\u00f3n, Bacilos, Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez \u00abEl Puma\u00bb and Gloria Estefan among others. Santander has composed more than 710 songs and has sold over 25 million albums worldwide. His work as songwriter and producer includes themes such as Let's Get Loud by Jennifer Lopez, Abriendo puertas by Gloria Estefan, Me Estoy Enamorando by Alejandro Fern\u00e1ndez, Mi Vida Sin Tu Amor by Cristian Castro, and Premonici\u00f3n by David Bisbal, as well as many songs recorded by artists such as Thal\u00eda, Natalia Oreiro, Gisselle, Edith M\u00e1rquez, Luis Miguel, Soledad Pastorutti and the Spanish song for Eurovision Song Contest 2004, amongst others.\nMore than 25 of his songs have been in the coveted Top Ten, as reflected in the Latin Billboard charts since 1999. More than 15 of his songs are featured within the top 100 played songs by the BMI Association of Authors and Composers. His songs and productions have surpassed 25 million albums worldwide and he has won prizes and awards that are given in the music industry on multiple occasions: Grammy Awards, Billboard, Lo Nuestro Awards, Premios TVyNovelas, El Heraldo, and BMI in which he has received the most awards in its Latin division, and many more. His brother is the composer Gustavo Santander.", "Q488946": "Downey is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County, California, United States, 13 mi (21 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles. It is considered part of the Gateway Cities. The city is the birthplace of the Apollo space program. It is also the home of the oldest still operational McDonald's restaurant in the world. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 111,779.", "Q605370": "Billy Don Moyers (born June 5, 1934) is an American journalist and political commentator. He served as the ninth White House Press Secretary under the Johnson administration from 1965 to 1967. He also worked as a network TV news commentator for ten years. Moyers has been extensively involved with public broadcasting, producing documentaries and news journal programs. He has won numerous awards and honorary degrees for his investigative journalism and civic activities. He has become well-known as a trenchant critic of the corporately structured U.S. news media.", "Q465428": "Piero Scaruffi (born 26 April 1955) is an Italian-American freelance software consultant and university lecturer who maintains a music website on which his reviews are published. Scaruffi also reviews many films. He has created his own publishing society called Omnipublishing that exclusively releases his books about music and science.Since 1983, Scaruffi has resided in Silicon Valley, California.\nScaruffi's website, which covers a wide range of topics, was the subject of a 2006 article by Dan Morrell in The New York Times.\n\n", "Q283490": "Enthiran (transl.\u2009Robot) is a 2010 Indian Tamil-language science fiction action film written and directed by S. Shankar. It is the first instalment in the Enthiran franchise. The film stars Rajinikanth and Aishwarya Rai Bachchan in lead roles; Danny Denzongpa, Santhanam and Karunas play supporting roles. The soundtrack album and background score were composed by A. R. Rahman while the dialogues, cinematography, editing and art direction were handled by Madhan Karky, R. Rathnavelu, Anthony and Sabu Cyril respectively.\nThe story revolves around the struggle of a scientist Vaseegaran (played by Rajinikanth) to control his creation, an android named Chitti (also played by Rajinikanth), after Chitti's software is upgraded to give it the ability to comprehend and exhibit human emotions. The project backfires when Chitti falls in love with Vaseegaran's girlfriend, Sana (Rai), and is manipulated by Bohra (Denzongpa), a rival scientist, into becoming homicidal.\nAfter being stalled in the development phase for nearly a decade, the film's principal photography began in 2008 and lasted two years. The film marked the debut of Legacy Effects studio (which was responsible for the film's prosthetic make-up and animatronics) in Indian cinema. Enthiran was released worldwide on 1 October 2010, along with its dubbed versions: Robot in Hindi and Robo in Telugu. Produced by Kalanithi Maran, it was India's most expensive film up to that point.\nThe film received generally positive reviews upon release. Critics were particularly appreciative of Rajinikanth's performance as Chitti, Rathnavelu's cinematography, Cyril's art direction and the visual effects by V. Srinivas Mohan. Enthiran emerged as the top-earning Indian film of 2010 and is among the highest-grossing South Indian films of all time. It won two Indian National Film Awards, three Filmfare Awards, seven Vijay Awards and two Screen Awards. Enthiran was followed up by its standalone sequel, 2.0, which released in 2018.", "Q218868": "The Trilateral Commission is a non-governmental, nonpartisan discussion group founded by David Rockefeller in July 1973 to foster closer cooperation between Japan, Western Europe and North America.", "Q2995361": "The National Council (Consulta Nazionale) was an unelected provisional legislative assembly set up in the Kingdom of Italy after the end of World War II. It fulfilled the roles of parliament until regular elections could be held. It first sat on 25 September 1945 and was dissolved after the national elections on 2 June 1946, which formed the first Constituent Assembly of Italy.", "Q579773": "Francis Bouygues (1922\u20131993) was a French businessman and film producer. He founded the industrial company Bouygues in 1952 and ran it until 1989, when his son Martin Bouygues succeeded him.", "Q67032": "Salouf (until 1943 officially called Salux) is a village and former municipality in the Surs\u00e9s in the district of Albula in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged to form the new municipality of Surses.The population is predominately Romansh-speaking.", "Q105881": "Herbert Wagner (born 1948, Neustrelitz) is a German politician.\nWagner was an engineer in Dresden when he became involved in the dialogue between protesters and the mayor of Dresden, Wolfgang Berghofer, in October 1989. He became one of the organizers of the Monday demonstrations in Dresden.\nAfter the fall of the communist regime, Wagner became a member of the CDU political party, and was elected mayor of Dresden in May 1990. He was re-elected in 1994, but was defeated in the 2001 election.", "Q335736": "Shadow Dancer is a 2012 British-Irish drama film directed by James Marsh and scripted by Tom Bradby, based on his novel of the same name. The film premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and was screened out of competition at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival in February 2012.", "Q261415": "My Mother's Castle (original French title: Le ch\u00e2teau de ma m\u00e8re) is a 1990 French film directed by Yves Robert, based on the book of the same name by Marcel Pagnol. It is a sequel to My Father's Glory, also filmed by Robert in 1990.", "Q71650": "Nicolette Krebitz (born 2 September 1972 in Berlin, (Germany)) is a director, actress, model, and singer. She is often credited as Coco in her creative works.", "Q3131194": "Henri Giscard d'Estaing (born 17 October 1956) is a French businessman and son of former French President Val\u00e9ry Giscard d'Estaing.\n\n", "Q570031": "George Sylvester Viereck (December 31, 1884 \u2013 March 18, 1962) was a German-American poet, writer, and pro-German propagandist.", "Q4453555": "The Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute (Russian: \u0422\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0429\u0443\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430) is a Russian drama college in Moscow, formed in 1914 as part of the Vakhtangov Theatre. In 2002 it was granted the Academy status.", "Q85538": "Prince Aloys Franz de Paula Maria (18 November 1846 \u2013 25 March 1920), known in English as Prince Louis, was the son of Prince Franz de Paula of Liechtenstein (1802\u20131887) and younger brother of Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein. He was the cousin of Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein. He was nicknamed \"The Red Prince\" (der rote Prinz).", "Q31923": "Bahman Ghobadi (Persian: \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u200e; Kurdish: \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc / Behmen Qubad\u00ee) is a Kurdish film director, producer and writer. He was born on February 1, 1969 in Baneh, Kurdistan province. Ghobadi belongs to the \"new wave\" of Iranian cinema.", "Q462810": "Marie Cardinal (born Simone Odette Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Cardinal; 9 March 1929 \u2013 9 May 2001) was a French novelist.", "Q46573": "Lacuna Coil is an Italian gothic metal band from Milan. Since their formation in 1994, the group has had two name changes, being previously known as Sleep of Right and Ethereal.Inspired by the combination of gothic imagery and music, the members have been known, musically, for composing mid-tempo songs consisting of prominent guitar lines and contrasting dual female/male vocal harmonies to help create a melodic, detached sound. Much of the band's recent material, however, sees a heavier and more down-tuned style, featuring a more distinct bass line and a higher mixing of the guitars within the songs.They have toured internationally and were nominated in 2006 for a MTV Europe Music Award. The band's 2012 release, Dark Adrenaline, peaked at number 15 on the Billboard 200. As of March 2012, Lacuna Coil have sold over two million albums worldwide.", "Q435790": "Kimberly Ann Director (born November 13, 1974) is an American actress. She has played the roles of Kim Diamond in Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2 (2000), and Stevie in Inside Man (2006). Beginning in 2017, she has appeared as a recurring guest star on the HBO series The Deuce.", "Q506428": "Mission Viejo () is a commuter city located within Orange County, California, United States in the Saddleback Valley. Mission Viejo is considered one of the largest master-planned communities ever built under a single project in the United States and is rivaled only by Highlands Ranch, Colorado in its size. Its population as of 2018 was estimated at 95,202.Mission Viejo is suburban in nature and culture. The city consists of residential property, although there are a number of offices and businesses within the limits of the city. The city is known for its tree-lined neighborhoods, receiving recognition from the National Arbor Day Foundation. The city's name is a reference to Rancho Mission Viejo, a large Spanish land grant from which the community was founded.", "Q391269": "Agathe Bonitzer (born 24 April 1989) is a French actress. She has appeared in more than twenty films since 1996.", "Q270097": "Michael Kenneth Mann (born February 5, 1943) is an American director, screenwriter, and producer of film and television who is best known for his distinctive brand of stylized crime drama. His most acclaimed works include the crime films Thief (1981), Manhunter (1986), Heat (1995), and Collateral (2004), the historical drama The Last of the Mohicans (1992), and the docudrama The Insider (1999). He is also known for his role as executive producer on the popular TV series Miami Vice (1984\u201389), which he later adapted into a 2006 feature film.\nFor his work, he has received nominations from international organizations and juries, including the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, Cannes, and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Total Film ranked Mann No. 28 on its list of the 100 Greatest Directors Ever, Sight and Sound ranked him No. 5 on their list of the 10 Best Directors of the Last 25 Years, and Entertainment Weekly ranked Mann No. 8 on their 25 Greatest Active Film Directors list.", "Q312606": "Childebert II (c.570\u2013595) was the Merovingian king of Austrasia (which included Provence at the time) from 575 until his death in 595, as the eldest son of Sigebert I, and the king of Burgundy from 592 to his death, as the adopted son of his uncle Guntram.", "Q551570": "Jean-Christophe Grang\u00e9 (born 15 July 1961) is a French mystery writer, journalist, and screenwriter.\nGrang\u00e9 was born in Paris. He was a journalist before setting up his own press agency L & G.", "Q375845": "Johann von V\u00e1s\u00e1ry or J\u00e1nos Vaszary (1899\u20131963) was a Hungarian actor, screenwriter, playwright and film director. Several of his plays were adapted into films including I Entrust My Wife to You in 1943.\n\n", "Q84626": "Karl Eugen Neumann (1865\u20131915) was the first translator of large parts of the Pali Canon of Buddhist scriptures from the original Pali into a European language (German) and one of the pioneers of European Buddhism.", "Q19077": "The Justice and Development Party (Turkish: Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi), abbreviated officially AK Parti in Turkish as an acronym, is a conservative political party in Turkey. The party is considered by some to be Islamist, accusations the party itself strongly denies. Developed from the conservative tradition of Turkey's Ottoman past and its Islamic identity, the party is the largest in Turkey. Founded in 2001 by members of a number of existing conservative parties, the party has won pluralities in the six most recent legislative elections, those of 2002, 2007, 2011, June 2015, November 2015, and 2018. The party held a majority of seats for 13 years, but lost it in June 2015, only to regain it in the snap election of November 2015 but then lose it again in 2018. Its past electoral success has been mirrored in the three local elections held since the party's establishment, coming first in 2004, 2009 and 2014 respectively. However, the party lost most of Turkey's biggest cities including Istanbul and Ankara in 2019 local elections, which has been attributed to the Turkish economic crisis, accusations of authoritarianism, as well as alleged government inaction on the Syrian refugee crisis. The current party leader is Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan, the incumbent President of Turkey.\nShortly after formation, the AKP portrayed itself as a pro-Western, pro-American party in the Turkish political spectrum that advocated a liberal market economy including Turkish membership in the European Union. The party had for a long time been supported by the Cemaat Movement of exiled Islamic cleric Fethullah G\u00fclen, whose influence in the judiciary has helped to weaken the opposition against the AKP. \nThe party was an observer in the center-right European People's Party between 2005 and 2013 and a member of the Eurosceptic Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe (ACRE) from 2013 to 2018.From 2002-2011 the party passed series of reforms to increase accessibility to healthcare and housing, distribute food subsidies, increased funding for students, improved infrastructure in poorer districts, and improved rights for religious and ethnic minorities. AKP is also widely accredited for overcoming the 2001 economic crisis in Turkey by following International Monetary Fund guidelines, as well as successfully weathering the 2008 financial crisis. From 2002-2011 the Turkish economy grew on average by 7.5 percent annually, thanks to lower inflation and interest rates. The government under AKP also backed extensive privatization programs. The average income in Turkey rose from $2,800 U.S. in 2001 to around $10,000 U.S. in 2011, higher than income in some of the new EU member states. Other reforms included increasing civilian representation over military in areas of national security, education and media, and grant broadcasting and increased cultural rights to Kurds. On Cyprus, AKP supported unification of Cyprus, something deeply opposed by the Turkish military, leading almost to a military coup in 2004. Other AKP reforms included lifting bans on religious and conservative dress, such as headscarves, in universities and public institutions. AKP also ended discrimination against students from religious high schools, who previously had to meet additional criteria in areas of education and upon entry to universities. AKP is also accredited for bringing the Turkish military under civilian rule, a paradigm shift for a country that had experienced constant military meddling for almost a century.Controversies over whether the party remains committed to secular principles enshrined in the Turkish constitution have dominated Turkish politics since 2002. Turkey's constitution establishes the country as a secular state and prohibits any political parties that promote Islamism or shariah law. Some activists, commentators, opponents and government officials have accused the party of Islamism, which has resulted in unsuccessful closure cases, such as the one in 2008 brought about by the lifting of a long-standing university ban on headscarves. The party denies allegations of Islamism and affirms that it is committed to secularism. Since coming to power, the party has brought about tighter regulations on abortion and higher taxes on alcohol consumption, leading to allegations that it is covertly undermining Turkish secularism.\nNationwide protests broke out against the alleged authoritarianism of the AKP in 2013, with the party's perceived heavy-handed response receiving western condemnation and stalling the party's once championed EU accession negotiations. In addition to its alleged attempts to promote Islamism, the party is accused by some of restricting some civil liberties and internet use in Turkey, having temporarily blocked access to Twitter and YouTube in March 2014. Especially after the government corruption scandal involving several AKP ministers in 2013, the party has been increasingly accused of crony capitalism. The AKP favours a strong centralized leadership, having long advocated a presidential system of government and significantly reduced the number of elected local government positions in 2013.", "Q90653": "Leni Stern (born April 28, 1952) is an electric guitarist, singer, and ngoni player.\n\n", "Q502896": "John Terry Norum (born 23 February 1964 in Vard\u00f8, Norway) is a Norwegian/Swedish rock guitarist and one of the founders of the Swedish rock band Europe. As an infant, he moved with his parents to Upplands V\u00e4sby (a Stockholm's suburb) in Sweden, where he grew up and has spent most of his life. Concurrent to his role with Europe, he also maintains a career as a solo artist.\n\n", "Q298259": "Dorothy Irene Height (March 24, 1912 \u2013 April 20, 2010) was an American civil rights and women's rights activist. Height specifically focused on the issues of African-American women, including unemployment, illiteracy, and voter awareness. She was the president of the National Council of Negro Women for forty years.", "Q774774": "Haken () are an English progressive metal band formed in 2007 by multi-instrumentalist Richard Henshall, guitarist Matthew Marshall, and vocalist Ross Jennings. While Henshall, Marshall, and Jennings first had the idea of forming Haken in 2004, they opted to pursue their instruments and songwriting first. Upon recruiting other members three years later, they eventually released the demo Enter the 5th Dimension in 2008, signing with Sensory Records and releasing their first album Aquarius in 2010. As of 2019, they have released five studio albums, an EP, and two live albums.", "Q80440": "Anna Andreyevna Gorenko (23 June [O.S. 11 June] 1889 \u2013 5 March 1966), better known by the pen name Anna Akhmatova (; Russian: \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430, IPA: [\u0250x\u02c8mat\u0259v\u0259]), was one of the most significant Soviet Russian poets of the 20th century. She was shortlisted for the Nobel Prize in 1965 and received second-most (three) nominations for the award the following year.\nAkhmatova's work ranges from short lyric poems to intricately structured cycles, such as Requiem (1935\u201340), her tragic masterpiece about the Stalinist terror. Her style, characterised by its economy and emotional restraint, was strikingly original and distinctive to her contemporaries. The strong and clear leading female voice struck a new chord in Russian poetry. Her writing can be said to fall into two periods \u2013 the early work (1912\u201325) and her later work (from around 1936 until her death), divided by a decade of reduced literary output. Her work was condemned and censored by Stalinist authorities, and she is notable for choosing not to emigrate and remaining in the Soviet Union, acting as witness to the events around her. Her perennial themes include meditations on time and memory, and the difficulties of living and writing in the shadow of Stalinism.\nPrimary sources of information about Akhmatova's life are relatively scant, as war, revolution and the Soviet regime caused much of the written record to be destroyed. For long periods she was in official disfavour and many of those who were close to her died in the aftermath of the revolution. Akhmatova's first husband, Nikolay Gumilyov, was executed by the Soviet secret police, and her son Lev Gumilyov and her common-law husband Nikolay Punin spent many years in the Gulag, where Punin died.", "Q467968": "Mary Gordon (born Mary Gilmour; 16 May 1882 \u2013 23 August 1963) was a Scottish actress, long in the United States, who mainly played housekeepers and mothers, most notably the landlady Mrs. Hudson in the Sherlock Holmes series of movies of the 1940s starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce. Her body of work included nearly 300 films between 1925 and 1950.", "Q336968": "Starting its activities in 1813, the Royal Conservatory of Brussels (French: Conservatoire royal de Bruxelles, Dutch: Koninklijk Conservatorium Brussel) received its official name in 1832. Providing performing music and drama courses, the institution became renowned partly because of the international reputation of its successive directors such as Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph F\u00e9tis, Fran\u00e7ois-Auguste Gevaert, Edgar Tinel, Joseph Jongen or Marcel Poot, but more because it has been attended by many of the top musicians, actors and artists in Belgium such as Arthur Grumiaux, Jos\u00e9 Van Dam, Sigiswald Kuijken, Josse De Pauw, Luk van Mello and Luk De Konink. Adolphe Sax, inventor of the saxophone, also studied at the Brussels Conservatory.\nIn 1967, the institution split into two separate entities: the Koninklijk Conservatorium Brussel, which teaches in Dutch and English, and the Conservatoire Royal de Bruxelles, which continued teaching in French. The former entity became a School of Arts of Erasmus University College alongside film school RITCS, and associated with Vrije Universiteit Brussel it also offers Ph.D. degrees in the Arts through Art Platform Brussels. Since 2009, the latter entity has been associated with the Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des Arts Visuels La Cambre and the Institut National Sup\u00e9rieur des Arts du Spectacle (INSAS), forming ARTes, an organisation that embraces the three aforementioned art schools of the French Community of Belgium in Brussels.", "Q382573": "Andr\u00e9 Jules Michelin (16 January 1853 \u2013 4 April 1931) was a French industrialist who, with his brother \u00c9douard (1859\u20131940), founded the Michelin Tyre Company (Compagnie G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des \u00c9tablissements Michelin) in 1888 in the French city of Clermont-Ferrand.\nIn 1900, Andr\u00e9 Michelin published the first Michelin Guide, the purpose of which was to promote tourism by car, thereby supporting his tyre manufacturing operation.\nIn 1886, 33-year-old Andr\u00e9 Michelin abandoned his career as a successful Parisian engineer to take over his grandfather's failing agricultural goods and farm equipment business. Established in 1832,\"Michelin et Cie\" suffered from neglect and was on the verge of insolvency following the founder's death. Michelin's grandfather had started the company that sold farm equipment and an odd assortment of vulcanized rubber products, such as belts, valves and pipes. As soon as Andr\u00e9 took the helm of the company, he recruited his younger brother \u00c9douard to join him at the company. \u00c9douard was named the company's managing director. While duly committed to the success of the business, neither brother had any prior experience selling goods or had the slightest idea where to even begin.\nIn 1889, a cyclist familiar with the Michelin Company approached \u00c9douard with his flat tyre seeking assistance. Getting a flat tyre frequently meant cyclists were left stranded for hours. In the late 1880s, cycling was becoming a popular form of transportation and hobby due in large part to John Dunlop's 1888 patent for the inflatable bicycle tyre. Before Dunlop's invention, bicycle tyres were made out of solid rubber. The solid rubber tyres tended to provide little traction and made for a difficult and uncomfortable ride.\nAfter the hapless cyclist approached the Michelin Company for assistance, \u00c9douard took great interests in the new pneumatic tyres. The Michelins recognized that there would be a great demand for pneumatic tyres if only there was a way to more quickly make repairs. They reasoned that first the wheel must become detachable. \u00c9douard conducted a series of experiments and developed a number of prototypes. In 1891, he was granted a patent for a detachable tire.\nAndr\u00e9 and his brother \u00c9douard were inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in Dearborn, Michigan in 2002.", "Q96222": "Pawe\u0142 Po\u015bpiech (1879 in Kokoszyce \u2013 1922 in Pszczyna) was a Polish priest, activist and journalist.", "Q204716": "The New Zealand National Party (M\u0101ori: R\u014dp\u016b N\u0101hinara o Aotearoa), shortened to National (N\u0101hinara) or the Nats, is a centre-right political party in New Zealand. It is one of two major parties that dominate contemporary New Zealand politics, alongside its traditional rival, the New Zealand Labour Party.\nNational was formed in 1936 through amalgamation of conservative and liberal parties, Reform and United respectively, and is New Zealand's second-oldest extant political party. National's predecessors had previously formed a coalition against the growing labour movement. National governed for five periods during the 20th and 21st centuries, and has spent more time in government than any other party.After the 1949 general election, Sidney Holland became the first prime minister from the National Party, and remained in office until 1957. He was succeeded by Keith Holyoake, who was soon defeated at a general election by the Labour Party in 1957. Holyoake was in office for a second period from 1960 to 1972. The party's platform shifted from moderate economic liberalism to increased emphasis on state interventionism during Robert Muldoon's National government from 1975 to 1984. In 1990, Jim Bolger formed another National government, which continued the radical free-market reforms initiated by the preceding Labour government. The party has since advocated free enterprise, reduction of taxes and limited state regulation. Following the first MMP election in 1996, the National Party governed in a coalition with the populist New Zealand First. National Party leader Jenny Shipley became New Zealand's first female prime minister in 1997; her government was defeated by a Labour-led coalition in 1999.\nThe National Party was most recently in government from 2008 to 2017 under John Key and Bill English; it governed with support from the centrist United Future, the classical-liberal ACT Party and the indigenous-rights-based M\u0101ori Party. At the 2017 general election, the party gained 44.4 percent of the party vote and won 56 seats, making it the largest caucus in the House of Representatives. National was unable to form a government following the election and is currently the Official Opposition. Simon Bridges has been the leader of the National Party and leader of the Opposition since 27 February 2018.", "Q89302": "Oskar Pollak (5 September 1883 \u2013 11 June 1915) was a Czech art historian.\nPollak, born in Prague, was a classmate of Franz Kafka at the Altst\u00e4dter Gymnasium. After graduation fron school, he briefly studied chemistry at the Faculty of Science of the German-language section of Charles University (the Deutsche Karl-Ferdinands-Universit\u00e4t) in Prague, before switching to the Faculty of Arts where he studied philosophy, archeology and art history. In the summer semester 1903, he was appointed as rapporteur of the literary arts section. Kafka took over this function, when in 1903 Pollak accepted a temporary job as a tutor at Schloss Oberstudenetz at Zdiretz.\nPollak received his PhD in 1907 for a treatise about the Baroque sculptors Jan Brokoff and Ferdinand Brokoff. The same year he married Hedwig Eisner in Prague.\nPollak wrote numerous studies of art history, especially on the Renaissance and the Baroque. From 1910 to 1913, he worked first as an assistant lecturer, after his habilitation as a private lecturer in art history at the University of Vienna. When he was offered the position of secretary of art history at the Austrian Institute for Historical Research in Rome, Pollak left Vienna and went with his wife to Italy.\nAt the beginning of the First World War he volunteered. He died on 11 June 1915 on the Austro-Italian front on the Isonzo. Oskar Pollak left an extensive art historical estate, which was published in the late 1920s. Many of his publications are preserved in the library of the Royal Dutch Institute in Rome. Part of his private library was a large collection of topographical descriptions of and guidebooks to Rome, on which Ludwig Schudt based his bibliography Le Guide di Roma, published in 1930.", "Q881870": "The M\u00fcrwik Naval School (German: Marineschule M\u00fcrwik) is the main training establishment for all German Navy officers and replaced the German Imperial Naval Academy in Kiel.\nIt is located at M\u00fcrwik which is a part of Germany's northernmost city, Flensburg. Built on a small hill directly by the coast, it overlooks the Flensburg Fjord.", "Q299621": "Pauline Moran (born 26 August 1947) is an English actress, presenter, and astrologer, best known for her role as Miss Lemon in the British television series Agatha Christie's Poirot.\nShe trained at several schools, including the National Youth Theatre and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. She has also been a professional astrologer since 1987. Although primarily a stage actress, Moran has appeared in films such as The Good Soldier (1981), The Woman in Black (1989), Byron (2003) and A Little Chaos (2014), as well as the 1983 television series The Cleopatras. From 1965 to about 1970, she played bass guitar in the all-female band The She Trinity.", "Q166895": "Fredric John Baur (June 14, 1918 \u2013 May 4, 2008) was an American organic chemist and food storage technician notable for designing and patenting the Pringles packaging. Baur filed for a patent for the tubular Pringles container and for the method of packaging the curved, stacked chips in the container in 1966, and it was granted in 1970. His other accomplishments included development of frying oils and freeze-dried ice cream. Baur was a graduate of the University of Toledo in Toledo, Ohio and received both his Masters and PhD degrees at The Ohio State University. He also served in the U.S. Navy as an aviation physiologist. He was a resident of Cincinnati, Ohio.\nSome of Baur's ashes were buried in a Pringles can at his request. Baur's children said they honored his request to bury him in one of the cans by placing part of his cremated remains in a Pringles container in his grave in suburban Springfield Township. The rest of his remains were placed in an urn buried along with the can, with some placed in another urn and given to one of Baur's grandchildren.", "Q734436": "William Christian Bullitt Jr. (January 25, 1891 \u2013 February 15, 1967) was an American diplomat, journalist, and novelist. He is known for his special mission to negotiate with Lenin on behalf of the Paris Peace Conference, often recalled as a missed opportunity to normalize relations with the Bolsheviks. He was also the first US ambassador to the Soviet Union and the US ambassador to France during World War II. In his youth, he was considered a radical, but he later became an outspoken anticommunist.", "Q772463": "Brooks Wackerman (born February 15, 1977) is an American drummer and percussionist, and the current drummer for Avenged Sevenfold, which he joined in 2015. His first album with Avenged Sevenfold was The Stage (2016). He is most known as the former drummer and longest-standing drummer of American punk rock band Bad Religion (2001 to 2015). He has also performed, either as a member or a session or touring member, with Bad4Good, Infectious Grooves, Glenn Tipton, Mass Mental, Suicidal Tendencies, The Vandals, Avril Lavigne, Korn, The Kidneys (in which he sang and played guitar, releasing two albums), Fear and the Nervous System, Tenacious D, Farmikos, Tom Delonge, and Big Talk. \nHe has two brothers who are also drummers: Chad Wackerman and John Wackerman.", "Q502128": "James Thomas Patrick Walsh (September 28, 1943 \u2013 February 27, 1998) was an American actor. He appeared in many films, notably Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), A Few Good Men (1992), Hoffa (1992), Nixon (1995), Sling Blade (1996), Breakdown (1997) and Pleasantville (1998).", "Q3174621": "Jean Paul Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Serra (born 1940 in Algeria) is a French mathematician and engineer, and known as one of the co-founders (together with Georges Matheron) of mathematical morphology.", "Q126269": "Wolverhampton ( (listen)) is a city, administrative centre and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 249,470. The demonym for people from the city is 'Wulfrunian.'\nHistorically part of Staffordshire, the city grew initially as a market town specialising in the woollen trade. In the Industrial Revolution, it became a major centre for coal mining, steel production, lock making, and the manufacture of cars and motorcycles. The economy of the city is still based on engineering, including a large aerospace industry, as well as the service sector.", "Q184810": "P\u00e1l Schmitt (Hungarian: [\u02c8pa\u02d0l \u02c8\u0283mitt]; born 13 May 1942) is a Hungarian Olympic fencer and politician who served as President of Hungary from 2010 to 2012.\nSchmitt was a successful fencer in his youth, winning two gold medals at the Summer Olympics. Later, he served as an ambassador during the 1990s and was a Vice President of the European Parliament from 2009 to 2010. After briefly serving as Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary in 2010, Schmitt was elected as President of Hungary in a 263 to 59 vote in the Parliament of Hungary. He was sworn in as President on 6 August 2010. On 2 April 2012, Schmitt announced to the Hungarian Parliament his resignation as President, following the outbreak of a controversy surrounding his 1992 doctoral dissertation.\n\n", "Q98569": "Heidi Hassenm\u00fcller is a German author who writes young adult literature. In 1989 she was awarded the Buxtehude Bull award for her book, Gute Nacht, Zuckerp\u00fcppchen.", "Q311469": "Mariana of Austria or Maria Anna (24 December 1634 \u2013 16 May 1696) was Queen of Spain from 1649 until her husband and uncle, Philip IV, died in 1665. She was then appointed regent for their three-year-old son Charles II, and due to his ill health remained an influential figure until her own death in 1696.\nHer regency was overshadowed by the need to manage Spain's post-1648 decline as the dominant global power, internal political divisions and the European economic crisis of the second half of the 17th century. The inability of her son Charles to produce an heir led to constant manoeuvring by other European powers, which ultimately ended in the 1701 to 1714 War of the Spanish Succession.", "Q128244": "Waco ( WAY-koh) is a city in central Texas and is the county seat and largest city of McLennan County, Texas, United States. It is situated along the Brazos River and I-35, halfway between Dallas and Austin. The city had a 2010 population of 124,805, making it the 22nd-most populous city in the state. The 2018 US Census population estimate is 138,183. The Waco Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of McLennan and Falls Counties, which had a 2010 population of 234,906. Falls County was added to the Waco MSA in 2013. The 2019 US Census population estimate for the Waco MSA is 273,920.", "Q1720652": "T. J. Fowler (September 18, 1910, Columbus, Georgia, United States \u2013 May 22, 1982, Ecorse, Michigan) was an American jazz and jump blues musician, chiefly active in the Detroit musical scene.Fowler and his family moved to Detroit, Michigan, when he was six years old, where he learned to play piano. After attending the Detroit Conservatory of Music, he played as the house pianist in his father's pool hall; he also worked at the Ford River Rouge Complex for a time. He worked early in the 1940s in the bands of saxophonist Guy Walters and trumpeter Clarence Dorsey and, in 1947, put together his own ensemble, playing behind Paul \"Hucklebuck\" Williams on recordings for Savoy Records.In 1948, he began recording as a leader, first with local labels Paradise and Sensation, then with Savoy himself and then States Records. Among his sidemen were Walter Cox (1948-1958), Lee Gross (1948-1953), and Calvin Frazier. Vocalists who worked with the ensemble included Freddie Johnson, Alberta Adams, Floyd McVay, and Varetta Dillard. He accompanied T-Bone Walker in the mid-1950s. The group was active in Michigan through the end of the 1950s, by which time Fowler had switched to electronic organ as his primary instrument. He ran his own short-lived label, Bow Records, in the late 1950s; in 1959, he was hired by Berry Gordy to work for the nascent Motown Records as an advisor. Later in life he left music to run a landscaping business in Detroit.", "Q384664": "The Quarrymen (also written as \"the Quarry Men\") were a British skiffle/rock and roll group, formed by John Lennon in Liverpool in 1956, which evolved into the Beatles in 1960. Originally consisting of Lennon and several schoolfriends, the Quarrymen took their name from a line in the school song of their school, the Quarry Bank High School. Lennon's mother, Julia Lennon, taught her son to play the banjo, showed Lennon and Eric Griffiths how to tune their guitars in a similar way to the banjo, and taught them simple chords and songs.\nLennon started a skiffle group that was briefly called the Blackjacks, but changed the name before any public performances. Some accounts credit Lennon with choosing the new name; other accounts credit his close friend Pete Shotton with suggesting the name. The Quarrymen played at parties, school dances, cinemas and amateur skiffle contests before Paul McCartney joined in October 1957. George Harrison joined in early 1958 at McCartney's recommendation, though Lennon initially resisted because he felt Harrison (14 when he was introduced to Lennon) was too young. Both McCartney and Harrison attended the Liverpool Institute.\nThe group made an amateur recording in 1958, performing Buddy Holly's \"That'll Be the Day\" and \"In Spite of All the Danger\", a song written by McCartney and Harrison. The group moved towards rock and roll, causing several of the original members to leave. This left Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison, who performed under several other names, including Johnny and the Moondogs and Japage 3 before returning to the Quarrymen name in 1959. In 1960, the group changed their name to the Beatles (initially booked as the \"Silver Beetles\" by the local clubs who saw it as a more sellable name than \"Beatles\") and went on to have a historically successful musical career.\nIn 1997 the four surviving original members of the Quarrymen reunited to perform at the 40th anniversary celebrations of the garden fete performance at which Lennon and McCartney met for the first time. Since 1998, they have performed in many countries throughout the world, releasing four albums. Three original members still perform as the Quarrymen.", "Q556579": "Walter Richard Evans (January 15, 1920 \u2013 July 10, 1999) was a noted American control theorist and the inventor of the root locus method in 1948. He was the recipient of the 1987 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Rufus Oldenburger Medal and the 1988 AACC's Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award.", "Q4673": "Paul Otto Schlesinger (8 February 1878 \u2013 25 or 30 November 1943) was a German film actor and director. Otto was born as Paul Otto Schlesinger in Berlin. He began a qualification as a retail merchant and made his actor's debut in the age of 17. Otto worked at Theaters in Halle, Wiesbaden and Hanover before he returned to Berlin about 1906.\nHe first appeared in the silent film Ringkampf Konkurrenz in 1910 and in Ars\u00e8ne Lupin contra Sherlock Holmes (1910-11, five episode film serial) next to Viggo Larsen. In 1912 Otto directed his first own film Selbstgerichtet. In the beginning of the 1930s he also appeared in successful Sound movies like Der Hauptmann von K\u00f6penick. After 1933, Otto returned to theaterstages and worked at the Deutsches Theater Berlin and the Kammerspiele Berlin. In 1937 he was awarded a Staatsschauspieler - title and in 1942 Joseph Goebbels promoted him to the head of the stagecouncil at the Reichskulturkammer.\nIn September 1943 his Jewish descent was discovered. To avoid his deportation Otto committed suicide on 30 November 1943, together with his wife Charlotte Klinder-Otto at his home in Berlin.", "Q1286510": "James Edward \"Snooky\" Pryor (September 15, 1919 or 1921 \u2013 October 18, 2006) was an American Chicago blues harmonica player. He claimed to have pioneered the now-common method of playing amplified harmonica by cupping a small microphone in his hands along with the harmonica, although on his earliest records, in the late 1940s, he did not use this method.", "Q59335": "Gaetano Victor \"Guy\" Molinari (November 23, 1928 \u2013 July 25, 2018) was an American lawyer and politician who served as U.S. Representative and borough president of Staten Island, New York.", "Q720443": "Carroll Quigley (; November 9, 1910 \u2013 January 3, 1977) was an American historian and theorist of the evolution of civilizations. He is remembered for his teaching work as a professor at Georgetown University, and for his academic publications.", "Q174249": "Minamoto no Sanetomo (\u6e90 \u5b9f\u671d, September 12, 1192 \u2013 February 12, 1219, r. 1203\u20131219) was the third sh\u014dgun of the Kamakura shogunate. He was the second son of the Kamakura shogunate founder, Minamoto no Yoritomo. His mother was H\u014dj\u014d Masako and his older brother was second Kamakura shogun Minamoto no Yoriie.\nHis childhood name was Senman (\u5343\u4e07). He was the last head of the Minamoto clan of Japan. His Buddhist name was Daijiji tono Sei ni Kurai Gosho Ko Jingi (\u5927\u6148\u5bfa\u6bbf\u6b63\u4e8c\u4f4d\u4e1e\u76f8\u516c\u795e\u5100).\nHe was an accomplished waka poet.", "Q51769": "Frances V. Spence (n\u00e9e Bilas; March 2, 1922 \u2013 July 18, 2012) was one of the original programmers for the ENIAC (the first electronic digital computer). She is considered one of the first computer programmers in history.", "Q861984": "Bill Buford (born 1954) is an American author and journalist. Buford is the author of the books Among the Thugs and Heat: An Amateur's Adventures as Kitchen Slave, Line Cook, Pasta-Maker, and Apprentice to a Dante-Quoting Butcher in Tuscany.\nHe was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and raised in Southern California, attending the University of California, Berkeley, before moving to King's College, University of Cambridge, where he studied as a Marshall Scholar. He remained in England for most of the 1980s.\nBuford was previously the fiction editor for The New Yorker, where he is still on staff. For sixteen years, he was the editor of Granta, which he relaunched in 1979.\nBuford is credited with coining the term \"dirty realism\".", "Q49126": "Harvard Business School (HBS) is the graduate business school of Harvard University. Located in Boston, Massachusetts, it is consistently ranked among the top business schools in the world and offers a large full-time MBA program, management-related doctoral programs, and many executive education programs. It owns Harvard Business Publishing, which publishes business books, leadership articles, case studies, and the monthly Harvard Business Review. It is also home to the Baker Library/Bloomberg Center.", "Q954095": "Mercer Island is a city in King County, Washington, United States, located on an island of the same name in the southern portion of Lake Washington. Mercer Island is in the Seattle Metropolitan Area, with Seattle to its west and Bellevue to its east.\nMercer Island is connected to the mainland on both sides by bridges carrying Interstate 90. The Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge and the parallel Homer M. Hadley Memorial Bridge are floating bridges that span Lake Washington and carry, respectively, eastbound and westbound lanes of Interstate 90 and connect Mercer Island to the northern portion of Seattle's South End. I-90 traverses the northern portion of Mercer Island and is then carried from the island to Bellevue over the East Channel of Lake Washington by the East Channel Bridge. Mercer Island is located closer to Bellevue than it is to Seattle, and is therefore often considered to be part of King County's Eastside.\nThe population was 22,699 at the 2010 census and an estimated 25,976 in 2018. Mercer Island is the most populated island in a lake within the United States. The ZIP code 98040 is unique to Mercer Island. Mercer Island has the fifth highest per-capita income in the state of Washington and is one of the 100 richest ZIP codes in the USA according to the IRS figures for Adjusted Gross Income.", "Q345038": "Edward John \"Ed\" Speleers (born 7 April 1988) is an English actor and producer. He is best known for playing the title role in the 2006 film Eragon, as well as a role in the TV series Downton Abbey. Speleers has been nominated for both the Saturn Awards, as Best Young Actor, and the British Academy Film Awards, for a short film he co-produced.", "Q508377": "Robert Seagren (born October 17, 1946) is a retired American pole vaulter, the 1968 Olympic champion.\nA native of Pomona, California, Seagren was one of the world's top pole vaulters in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He won six National AAU and four NCAA titles indoors and outdoors. Indoors he posted eight world bests between 1966 and 1969. He was also the Pan American Games champion in 1967. He set his first world record 5.32 metres (17 ft 5 in) in Fresno on May 14, 1966, followed by his world records 1967 in San Diego 5.36 metres (17 ft 7 in), 1968 in Echo Summit near South Lake Tahoe 5.41 metres (17 ft 9 in) and 1972 in Eugene 5.63 metres (18 ft 6 in). See the Eugene record jump Video on YouTube @ 19:20.\nIn 1968, Seagren participated in his first Olympic Games in Mexico City. In an exciting contest, he won the gold medal with the top three vaulters, including silver medallist Claus Schiprowski (West Germany) and the bronze medal winner Wolfgang Nordwig (East Germany) reaching the same height 5.40 metres (17 ft 9 in).\nFour years later, in Munich, he remains best remembered for the Olympic gold medal he didn't get. In the 1972 Summer Olympics, a last-minute ruling barred the new banana-Pole from Olympic competition, forcing some vaulters, including Seagren, to compete with unfamiliar poles. East German Wolfgang Nordwig didn't use a Cata-Pole and won the gold medal, with Seagren coming second. It was the first time an American had failed to win the Olympic gold medal in the pole vault. In fact, no American would again win a gold medal in the pole vault until Nick Hysong won in 2000.\nA 1968 University of Southern California graduate, Seagren took a try at professional track and later he started his career in television and movies as a show host and soap opera actor.Seagren won the inaugural American Superstars sports competition in 1973 as well as the first World Superstars in 1977, his lone victories in both events. He was able to enjoy the spoils from these competitions because he had become a professional athlete having signed to join the International Track Association (ITA) tour. On the ITA tour he renewed his very personal antagonistic rivalry with fellow American pole vaulter Steve Smith.Seagren went on to become an actor, appearing in several movies and television shows, including the controversial sitcom Soap in 1977 in which he played Dennis Phillips, a gay football player in a relationship with Billy Crystal's character Jodie Dallas. He appeared as a guest star in an episode of \"Charlie's Angels\" in 1980, called \"Toni's Boys\" as a detective who worked for a friend of Charlie who was also in the detective business. The episode was a back door pilot for a new series but the show wasn't picked up by the network. He was referred to in the episode as an \"Olympic Champion\" although he played a fictional character. He also guest starred on the tv series \"Wonder Woman\" in the episode called \"The Man Who Could Not Die\". Seagren played himself, serving as an LAPD youth camp counselor on the \"Camp Two\" episode of Adam-12.\nToday, he is CEO of International City Racing, which specializes in the development, management, and implementation of road racing, endurance, and fitness events, including the Long Beach International City Marathon. He is also an active supporter of the Commission on Athletics of the California Community Colleges.\nHe was named to the inaugural class of the Mt. SAC Relays Hall of Fame. In 1986 he was inducted into the USATF National Track and Field Hall of Fame.", "Q527394": "Jos\u00e9 Miguel Monz\u00f3n Navarro (15 May 1955, Madrid), better known as El Gran Wyoming (The Great Wyoming) or Guayo, is a Spanish television presenter, actor, musician, director and humorist.\nHe graduated in Medicine and was a doctor in the town of Buitrago del Lozoya for a short period of time.He has hosted several programs such as Silencio se juega (1984), La noche se mueve (1992) and El peor programa de la semana (1993). Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola refused to broadcast the last episode of the latter because of an interview with the writer Quim Monz\u00f3, in which a joke was made about the employment situation of the King's daughter (Elena de Borb\u00f3n). The official reason given was low ratings of the program.In 1995 he returned to TV on the private channel Telecinco. He presented Caiga quien caiga from 1996 to 2002. He was firstly critical of the last Felipe Gonzalez's socialist government and later against the conservative government of Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Aznar (PP).In 2004 he obtained another program in Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola: La azotea de Wyoming. On 4 March 2005 it was moved from Wednesday to Sundays due to the low ratings, and in 14 March it was cancelled.Since 2006 he presents El Intermedio on laSexta, and has been the scourge of PP by systematically reporting all problems of corruption within the ruling party.", "Q1063242": "Charisma Records (also known as The Famous Charisma Label) was a British record label founded in 1969 by former journalist Tony Stratton-Smith. He had previously acted as manager for rock bands such as The Nice, the Bonzo Dog Band and Van der Graaf Generator. Gail Colson was label manager and joint managing director.\nThe label's most successful acts were Genesis, Peter Gabriel, Julian Lennon, and Monty Python. The initial release was the album The Least We Can Do Is Wave to Each Other by Van der Graaf Generator. Stratton-Smith was unable to find a company to release the album, so he became determined to release it himself.\nCharisma's first UK label was a distinctive \"pink scroll\" design. Its second logo (used beginning in 1972) of Sir John Tenniel's drawing of the Mad Hatter (sometimes combined with a montage of other images from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland) made the label instantly recognizable. Much of the early distinctive artwork used by the label was created by Paul Whitehead.\nThe label also released material by The Nice, Lindisfarne and Alan Hull, Hawkwind, The Alan Parsons Project, Clifford T. Ward, String Driven Thing, Jack The Lad, Audience, Vivian Stanshall, Brand X, Sir John Betjeman, Malcolm McLaren and Afraid of Mice. 1970s solo albums of Peter Hammill, Tony Banks and Steve Hackett were also on Charisma.\nGail Colson left Charisma in the late 1970s to form her own management company, Gailforce.\nIn 1983, Charisma Records was acquired by Virgin Records and continued to operate until 1986, when Virgin absorbed the label following its purchase by EMI. A new version of Charisma, with no connection to the original label other than the name, operated between 1990 and 1992, with a street-oriented and independently distributed subsidiary called Cardiac Records. Some Charisma Records recordings were re-issued on the EMI label. In the UK, the label was revived by EMI's Angel Records in 2007.\nWith the EMI purchase by Universal Music Group, Charisma returned to Virgin Records.", "Q40670": "Henryk Ehrlich (sometimes spelled Henryk Erlich; 1882 \u2013 15 May 1942) was an activist of the Bund, member of the Petrograd Soviet, Warsaw City Council and member of the executive committee of the Second International. His father-in-law was noted Jewish historian Simon Dubnow.", "Q354121": "Ulpiano Sergio Reyes (born April 12, 1967), better known as Mellow Man Ace, is a Cuban-American rapper known for bilingual delivery and novelty rhymes. He was born in Cuba and moved to Los Angeles with his family at the age of four.", "Q133116": "Hamilton is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario. An industrialized city in the Golden Horseshoe at the west end of Lake Ontario, Hamilton has a population of 536,917, and its census metropolitan area, which includes Burlington and Grimsby, has a population of 747,545. The city is 58 kilometres (36 mi) southwest of Toronto, with which the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) is formed.\nOn January 1, 2001, the current boundaries of Hamilton were created through the amalgamation of the original city with other municipalities of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton\u2013Wentworth. Residents of the city are known as Hamiltonians. Since 1981, the metropolitan area has been listed as the ninth largest in Canada and the third largest in Ontario.\nHamilton is home to the Royal Botanical Gardens, the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum, the Bruce Trail, McMaster University, Redeemer University College and Mohawk College. McMaster University is ranked 4th in Canada and 77th in the world by Times Higher Education Rankings 2018\u201319.", "Q585735": "Finnish People's Democratic League (Finnish: Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto, SKDL; Swedish: Demokratiska F\u00f6rbundet f\u00f6r Finlands Folk, DFFF) was a Finnish political organisation with the aim of uniting those left of the Finnish Social Democratic Party. It was founded in 1944 as the anti-communist laws in Finland were repealed due to the demands of the Soviet Union, and lasted until 1990, when it merged into the newly formed Left Alliance. At its time, SKDL was one of the largest leftist parties in capitalist Europe, with its main member party, the Communist Party of Finland, being one of the largest communist parties west of the Iron Curtain. The SKDL enjoyed its greatest electoral success in the 1958 parliamentary election, when it gained a support of approximately 23 per cent and a representation of 50 MPs of 200 total, making it the largest party in the Eduskunta.\nSKDL joined several Finnish governments. The first SKDL minister was Yrj\u00f6 Leino who took office in November 1944. After the 1945 parliamentary election SKDL was a major player in the Paasikivi III coalition with social democrats and parties of the centre, and in 1946 SKDL's Mauno Pekkala became the prime minister. The Pekkala government led the state until summer 1948, after which the SKDL didn't participate in any coalitions until 1966. The late 1960s governments, led by social democrats and including centre, were called popular front by the SKDL. The party left the government in spring 1971 but returned in 1975. Kalevi Sorsa's third coalition was the last one SKDL was in, until December 1982.", "Q30397": "Nordend (meaning north end in German) is a northern peak of the Monte Rosa Massif. Nordend is the fourth highest peak of the massif, after the Dufourspitze (4,634 m), the Dunantspitze (4,632 m) and the Grenzgipfel (4,618 m).", "Q516149": "Andr\u00e1s S\u00fct\u0151 (17 June 1927 \u2013 30 September 2006) was an ethnic Hungarian writer and politician in Romania, one of the leading writers in the Hungarian language in the 20th century.", "Q92736": "Anant Agarwal is an Indian computer architecture researcher. He is a professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he led the development of Alewife, an early cache coherent multiprocessor, and also has served as director of the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. He is the founder and CTO of Tilera, a fabless semiconductor company focusing on scalable multicore embedded processor design. He also serves as the CEO of edX, a joint partnership between MIT and Harvard University that offers free online learning.", "Q665679": "Yasujir\u014d Tsutsumi (\u5824 \u5eb7\u6b21\u90ce, Tsutsumi Yasujir\u014d, 7 [1] March 1889-26 April 1964) was a Japanese entrepreneur, politician, and business tycoon who founded a dynasty which became the wealthiest, most influential family of 20th century Japan.\n\n", "Q1294100": "G\u00e1bor Szak\u00e1csi (Gabi Hun, Gabor Hun) is a Hungarian-born American rock guitarist and music producer, best known as the frontman of Seattle punk group Sledgeback. He fronted C.A.F.B., one of the most influential Hungarian punk bands of the 1990s, with whom he released six full-length albums between 1993 and 2017. After leaving Hungary Hun started Sledgeback in 2004 and released several albums with the group.His distinct voice became the trademark of Sledgeback.", "Q110917": "Bernhard Adelung (30 November 1876, Bremen \u2013 24 February 1943, Darmstadt) was social democratic politician and President of the republic in the Peoples State of Hesse from 1928 to 1933.\nAfter completing his apprenticeship as a typesetter and a period of travel he settled in Mainz where he married Johanna Gross the daughter of the owner of the Mainkette shipping company. He became active in the workers movement and was appointed editor of the Mainzer Volkszeitung. The following year he was imprisoned in Butzbach for three months for writing an article critical of Kaiser Wilhelm II.\nHe was elected to the State parliament of the Grand Duchy of Hesse on 1 December 1903.", "Q156942": "Sir Charles Wheatstone FRS HFRSE DCL LLD (6 February 1802 \u2013 19 October 1875), was an English scientist and inventor of many scientific breakthroughs of the Victorian era, including the English concertina, the stereoscope (a device for displaying three-dimensional images), and the Playfair cipher (an encryption technique). However, Wheatstone is best known for his contributions in the development of the Wheatstone bridge, originally invented by Samuel Hunter Christie, which is used to measure an unknown electrical resistance, and as a major figure in the development of telegraphy.\n\n", "Q99663": "J\u00fcrgen Martens (born 3 August 1959) is a German politician. Born in M\u00fcnchen, Bavaria, he represents the Free Democratic Party (FDP). J\u00fcrgen Martens has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Saxony since 2017.", "Q368800": "First Lady is a 1937 film about behind-the-scenes political maneuverings in Washington, D.C. directed by Stanley Logan and starring Kay Francis, Preston Foster, Anita Louise, Walter Connolly and Verree Teasdale. Francis and Teasdale portray bitter rivals in their pursuit of the titular role of First Lady. The picture is based on the play of the same name by George S. Kaufman and Katharine Dayton.", "Q382201": "Romance in Manhattan is a 1935 American comedy/romance film directed by Stephen Roberts, starring Francis Lederer and Ginger Rogers, and released by RKO Radio Pictures.", "Q676163": "B\u00fcmpliz-Oberbottigen is a Stadtteil (district) of the city of Bern, Switzerland. It is situated to the west of the city center and consists of the Quartiere (quarters) B\u00fcmpliz, Oberbottigen, St\u00f6ckacker, Bethlehem and Br\u00fcnnen.\nAs the most recently developed district of Bern, B\u00fcmpliz-Oberbottigen is an amalgamation of B\u00fcmpliz, a formerly independent suburban municipality, with rural hamlets such as Oberbottigen and Riedbach and modern highrise housing developments. The tower blocks of G\u00e4belbach, Tscharnergut and St\u00f6ckacker, a heritage from the 1960s and 70s, are a prominent part of Bethlehem's cityscape. The most recent quarter, Br\u00fcnnen, was formally established in September 2008 as part of an ongoing major urban development programme.", "Q705827": "Houshang Golshiri (Persian: \u0647\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06af \u06af\u0644\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200e ; March 16, 1938 \u2013 June 6, 2000) was an Iranian fiction writer, critic and editor. He was one of the first Iranian writers to use modern literary techniques, and is recognized as one of the most influential writers of Persian prose of the 20th century.", "Q431284": "Kimberly Chambers (born January 11, 1974) is an American retired pornographic actress.", "Q682784": "Industrial Records is a record label established in 1976 by industrial music group and performance artists Throbbing Gristle. The group created the label primarily for self-releases but also signed several other groups and artists. The label gave a name to the industrial music genre.", "Q96550": "Alexander Becht (born 8 January 1986 in Marburg) is a German actor, mostly known for his role as Lenny C\u00f6ster in the popular soap opera Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten.\nBecht was born in Marburg. After he finished high school, Alexander Becht passed a professional acting education. He had his debut in a remake of the war movie Die Br\u00fccke in the role of Ernst Stolten.\nIn the summer of 2007, he was cast in the role of Lenny C\u00f6ster in Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten. The character, which was originally introduced as a smart and emotional young adult, was the last member of the C\u00f6ster family to appear on-screen. Becht began filming in October 2007 and had his first on-screen appearance on 28 December 2007. The role got positive reactions from fans and tackles controversial issues, including abuse, violence and homosexuality, along the way.\nThe actor lives in Potsdam, where GZSZ is also filmed and is said to be friends with co-stars J\u00f6rn Schl\u00f6nvoigt, Sarah Tkotsch, Anne Menden and Felix Isenb\u00fcgel.", "Q80332": "Michael Tien Puk-sun (born 25 August 1950 in Hong Kong) is a former member of Tsuen Wan District Council, having lost his seat in 2019 following a rout of pro-Beijing candidates amidst the 2019 Hong Kong protests.. He founded the G2000 clothing retail chain and is a former chairman of the board of Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC). He was formerly a member of the Liberal Party, which was led by his elder brother, James Tien, and a member of the New People's Party.\n\n", "Q5232230": "The Ambidextrous Universe is a popular science book by Martin Gardner, covering aspects of symmetry and asymmetry in human culture, science and the wider universe.\nOriginally published in 1964, it underwent revisions in 1969, 1979, 1990 and 2005 (the last two are known as the \"Third, revised edition\"). Originally titled The Ambidextrous Universe: Mirror Asymmetry and Time-Reversed Worlds, subsequent editions are known as The New Ambidextrous Universe: Symmetry and Asymmetry from Mirror Reflections to Superstrings.\n\n", "Q862241": "William (Bill) Knox (1928 \u2013 March 1999) was a Scottish author, journalist and broadcaster, best known for his crime novels and for presenting the long-running STV series Crimedesk.\nBorn in Glasgow, Knox became the youngest journalist for a Glasgow newspaper at age 16. He went on to report on crime, on motoring, and to become a news editor.\nHe began writing crime novels in the 1950s. Knox often wrote under pseudonyms, frequently for the American market. These included Michael Kirk, Robert MacLeod and Noah Webster. He published over 50 crime novels, including several series, notably the \"Thane and Moss\" books.\nIn the 1970s, he was approached by Scottish Television to present a series asking for public assistance in solving crimes in the central Scotland area. Knox presented the fifteen-minute slot for over ten years, always signing off with the promise that any calls to the police \"can be in confidence\". At this time he also made a series of short programmes called Tales of Crime, also for STV, in which he recounted famous Scottish criminal cases. \nHis crime novels from the 1960s onwards, and in the 1970s his Crimedesk television series, publicised the Glasgow slang term \"neds\", referring to petty criminals or small-time hoodlums. A 1982 analysis of crime fiction discussing Knox's 1977 novel Pilot Error noted his description of Strathclyde Police as being unconcerned about \"neds\" getting hurt in a fight as long as no-one else was affected.His final novel, The Lazarus Widow, was unfinished at the time of his death, and was completed by Martin Edwards.", "Q439800": "Gillian MacLaren Jacobs (; born October 19, 1982) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Britta Perry on the NBC comedy series Community (2009\u20132015) and Mickey Dobbs on the Netflix romantic comedy series Love (2016\u20132018). She had a recurring role as Mimi-Rose Howard on the fourth season of the HBO comedy-drama series Girls (2012\u20132017) and has appeared in films such as Gardens of the Night (2008), The Lookalike (2014), Life Partners (2014), Hot Tub Time Machine 2 (2015), Don't Think Twice (2016), Brother Nature (2016), Life of the Party (2018), and Ibiza (2018).", "Q400059": "Aharon Megged (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05d2\u05d3\u200e) (10 August 1920 \u2013 23 March 2016) (Hebrew year 5680) was an Israeli author and playwright. In 2003, he was awarded the Israel Prize for literature.", "Q297618": "Adam Whitney Savage (born July 15, 1967) is an American special effects designer and fabricator, actor, educator, and television personality and producer, known as the former co-host (with Jamie Hyneman) of the Discovery Channel television series MythBusters and Unchained Reaction. His model work has appeared in major films, including Star Wars: Episode II \u2013 Attack of the Clones and The Matrix Reloaded. He is the host of a new TV program, Savage Builds, which premiered on the Science Channel on June 14, 2019.", "Q118393": "Leonard Carow (born 26 June 1994) is a German actor. He has appeared in several German television films and series, and in Steven Spielberg's 2011 film, War Horse.", "Q1509278": "Georgia Anne Muldrow (born 1983) is an American musician from Los Angeles, California. AllMusic described her as \"one of the most daring and important artists of her time\". In 2008, she co-founded the SomeOthaShip Connect record label with fellow artist and husband Dudley Perkins.\n\n", "Q348508": "Adam & Steve is a 2005 gay romantic comedy film directed by and starring Craig Chester, who also wrote the screenplay. It deals with the lives of two gay men, played by Craig Chester and Malcolm Gets. The film had its UK premier on November 19, 2005 at the Cardiff Film Festival but was not on general release in the UK.", "Q234819": "Alice Ann Munro (, n\u00e9e Laidlaw ; born 10 July 1931) is a Canadian short story writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013. Munro's work has been described as having revolutionized the architecture of short stories, especially in its tendency to move forward and backward in time. Her stories have been said to \"embed more than announce, reveal more than parade.\"Munro's fiction is most often set in her native Huron County in southwestern Ontario. Her stories explore human complexities in an uncomplicated prose style. Munro's writing has established her as \"one of our greatest contemporary writers of fiction\", or, as Cynthia Ozick put it, \"our Chekhov.\" Munro is the recipient of many literary accolades, including the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature for her work as \"master of the contemporary short story\", and the 2009 Man Booker International Prize for her lifetime body of work. She is also a three-time winner of Canada's Governor General's Award for fiction and was the recipient of the Writers' Trust of Canada's 1996 Marian Engel Award, as well as the 2004 Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize for Runaway.", "Q12136": "A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not due to any immediate external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that are associated with specific symptoms and signs. A disease may be caused by external factors such as pathogens or by internal dysfunctions. For example, internal dysfunctions of the immune system can produce a variety of different diseases, including various forms of immunodeficiency, hypersensitivity, allergies and autoimmune disorders.\nIn humans, disease is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. In this broader sense, it sometimes includes injuries, disabilities, disorders, syndromes, infections, isolated symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function, while in other contexts and for other purposes these may be considered distinguishable categories. Diseases can affect people not only physically, but also mentally, as contracting and living with a disease can alter the affected person's perspective on life.\nDeath due to disease is called death by natural causes. There are four main types of disease: infectious diseases, deficiency diseases, hereditary diseases (including both genetic diseases and non-genetic hereditary diseases), and physiological diseases. Diseases can also be classified in other ways, such as communicable versus non-communicable diseases. The deadliest diseases in humans are coronary artery disease (blood flow obstruction), followed by cerebrovascular disease and lower respiratory infections. In developed countries, the diseases that cause the most sickness overall are neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression and anxiety.\nThe study of disease is called pathology, which includes the study of etiology, or cause.", "Q1706859": "Hampshire College is a private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts. It was opened in 1970 as an experiment in alternative education, in association with four other colleges in the Pioneer Valley: Amherst College, Smith College, Mount Holyoke College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Together they have since been known as the Five Colleges or the Five College Consortium.\nThe college is known for its alternative curriculum, socially liberal politics, focus on portfolios rather than distribution requirements, and its reliance on narrative evaluations instead of grades and GPAs. In some fields, it is among the top undergraduate institutions in percentage of graduates who enroll in graduate school. Sixty-five percent of its alumni have at least one graduate degree and a quarter have founded their own business or organization. It is ranked #39 among U.S. colleges and universities by the percentage of graduates who go on to earn a doctorate degree according to National Science Foundation data.The college announced in January 2019 that it was experiencing severe financial difficulties and seeking a merger with another institution. However, due to backlash and pressure from the college community, Hampshire announced in April 2019 that it would shift focus to a capital campaign and a re-envisioning project to ensure a stable and sustainable independent future. The school had announced in February 2019 that it would only admit students who were already offered early admission or who had previously deferred admission\u2014early admission students were also released from their pledge to only enroll at Hampshire, but as of the April 2019 announcement, the school was planning to begin accepting new students for Spring 2020. In Fall 2019, Hampshire welcomed an incoming class of 13 students. In August 2019, Hampshire hired its tenth President, Edward Wingenbach. The following fall, the College's faculty, staff, students, and alumni embarked on a community-wide effort to revise the curriculum in order to increase interdisciplinarity, collaboration, and access.", "Q253882": "Kyoko Fukada (\u6df1\u7530 \u606d\u5b50, Fukada Ky\u014dko, born November 2, 1982) is a Japanese actress and singer. In Japan, her name is sometimes contracted to the nickname Fukakyon. She won the award for Best Actress at the Yokohama Film Festival for Kamikaze Girls.", "Q1445072": "Frankie \"Half-Pint\" Jaxon, born Frank Devera Jackson (March 3, 1896 or 1897 \u2013 May 15, 1953), was an African American vaudeville singer, stage designer and comedian, popular in the 1920s and 1930s.", "Q89316": "Anton Pelinka (born October 14, 1941) is a professor of political science and nationalism studies at the English-speaking Central European University of Budapest. Prior to this appointment, Pelinka was a professor of political science at the University of Innsbruck, one of Austria's largest universities. During his career he has also served as a dean, with his most recent tenure in this role occurring between the years of 2004 and 2006 when he was dean of the Faculty of Political Science and Sociology at the University of Innsbruck.Anton Pelinka was born in the Austrian capital city of Vienna.\n\n", "Q669725": "Eug\u00e8ne Henri Brisson (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0251\u0303\u0281i b\u0281is\u0254\u0303]; 31 July 1835 \u2013 14 April 1912) was a French statesman, Prime Minister of France for a period in 1885-1886 and again in 1898.", "Q262487": "Blue is a 2009 Indian Hindi-language action-adventure film co-written and directed by Anthony D'Souza, and produced by Dhilin Mehta under Shree Astavinayak Cine Vision Limited. The film stars Sanjay Dutt, Akshay Kumar, Zayed Khan and Lara Dutta in lead roles, whilst Katrina Kaif stars in a cameo appearance. Kylie Minogue appears in a musical number in the film. Blue released on 16 October 2009 and received mixed to positive response from critics. During the time of release, it was the most expensive Indian film at the time of its release, produced with a budget of more than $25 million. Loosely based on the Hollywood film Into the Blue (2005), Blue failed to recover its high budget from the box office.\n\n", "Q2077001": "Strait Jacket (\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u30c8\u30fb\u30b8\u30e3\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8, Sutoreito Jaketto) is a light novel series by Ichir\u014d Sakaki with illustrations by Y\u014d Fujishiro, published by Fujimi Shobo under their Fujimi Fantasia Bunko imprint. It was published in 11 volumes between 2000 and 2010. The series was adapted into a 3-episode original video animation series in 2007. A film version of the OVA aired in the United States on the Syfy channel.\n\n", "Q14547": "Entlebuch is a municipality in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district of Entlebuch. The area has been designated a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 2001.", "Q49654": "Triesen is the third largest of Liechtenstein's municipalities. It contains several historic churches dating from the fifteenth century. It also has a weaving mill from 1863 that is considered a historical monument. The population is around 5,275.", "Q188780": "Rodez (French: [\u0281o.d\u025bs]; Occitan: Rod\u00e9s [ru\u02c8\u00f0es]) is a small city and commune in the South of France, about 150 km northeast of Toulouse. It is the prefecture of the department of Aveyron in the region of Occitanie. Rodez is the seat of the Communaut\u00e9 d'agglom\u00e9ration du Grand Rodez, of the First Constituency of Aveyron as well as of the general Council of Aveyron.\nFormer capital of the Rouergue, the city is seat of the Diocese of Rodez and Vabres. Its inhabitants are called Ruth\u00e9nois, from the name of the Ruteni, a Gallic tribe which once occupied the territory, the former demonym of \"Rodanois\" (from Occitan rodan\u00e9s) having given way to this scholarly form.", "Q488205": "Singer-songwriters are musicians who write, compose, and perform their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies.\nIn the United States, the category is built on the folk-acoustic tradition.\nSinger-songwriters often provide the sole accompaniment to an entire composition or song, typically using a guitar or piano.", "Q92050": "Josef Kollmer (26 February 1901 \u2013 28 January 1948) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era who committed mass murder at Auschwitz. He was prosecuted at the Auschwitz Trial.Born in H\u00e4ndlern, Bavaria, Kollmer was a farmer by trade. He became a member of the SS on January 1, 1935 after having previously spent several years in the German police force. He joined the Nazi party in May 1937. In October 1941 he was drafted into the Waffen-SS and was assigned to Auschwitz, where he commanded various guard companies until October 1943. He then temporarily transferred to Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp, but returned to Auschwitz in May 1944. Initially he commanded the guard company at Auschwitz main camp, then later the one at Monowitz concentration camp from August to October 1944. During his time at Auschwitz, Kollmer participated in the mass murder of Jews in the Birkenau gas chambers, and carried out executions against the shooting wall between blocks 10 and 11 and at the Buna factory.\nKollmer was tried by the Supreme National Tribunal at the Auschwitz Trial in Krak\u00f3w and was sentenced to death. His sentence was carried out by hanging in Montelupich Prison, Krak\u00f3w.", "Q79797": "Armenians (Armenian: \u0570\u0561\u0575\u0565\u0580, hayer [h\u0251\u02c8j\u025b\u027e]) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the de facto independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around 5 million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today exist in Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Germany, Ukraine, Lebanon, Brazil and Syria. With the exceptions of Iran and the former Soviet states, the present-day Armenian diaspora was formed mainly as a result of the Armenian Genocide.Most Armenians adhere to the Armenian Apostolic Church, a non-Chalcedonian church, which is also the world's oldest national church. Christianity began to spread in Armenia soon after Jesus' death, due to the efforts of two of his apostles, St. Thaddeus and St. Bartholomew. In the early 4th century, the Kingdom of Armenia became the first state to adopt Christianity as a state religion.Armenian is an Indo-European language. It has two mutually intelligible and written forms: Eastern Armenian, today spoken mainly in Armenia, Artsakh, Iran, and the former Soviet republics; and Western Armenian, used in the historical Western Armenia and, after the Armenian Genocide, primarily in the Armenian diasporan communities. The unique Armenian alphabet was invented in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots.", "Q3167891": "Jean-Martin Folz (born 11 January 1947) is a French businessman. He was the chairman and CEO of PSA Peugeot Citro\u00ebn from 1997 to 2007.", "Q40116": "Gaspard-F\u00e9lix Tournachon (6 April 1820 \u2013 20 March 1910), known by the mononymous pseudonym Nadar, was a French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist, balloonist, and proponent of manned flight. In 1858 he became the first person to take aerial photographs.\nPhotographic portraits by Nadar are held by many of the great national collections of photographs. His son, Paul Nadar, continued the studio after his death.", "Q674012": "Mont Gel\u00e9 (3,518 m) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Switzerland (canton of Valais) and Italy (region of Aosta Valley). It lies between the valleys of Bagnes and Valpelline, on the main Alpine watershed. It overlooks the Fen\u00eatre de Durand from the east side.\nIt is one of the two mountains named Mont Gel\u00e9 surrounding the valley of Bagnes, the other being located near Verbier.", "Q2732074": "Gustavo Adolfo Madero Gonz\u00e1lez also known as \"Ojo Parado\" (\"staring eye\") since he had one glass eye. (16 January 1875 \u2013 18 February 1913), born in Parras de la Fuente, Coahuila, Mexico, was a participant in the Mexican Revolution against Porfirio D\u00edaz along with other members of his wealthy family.\nMadero's brother, Francisco I. Madero, was president of Mexico from 1911 to 1913. During the coup d'\u00e9tat in Mexico City known as Ten Tragic Days, Gustavo Madero was arrested, released to followers of conspirator F\u00e9lix D\u00edaz, and killed by a mob. \nA borough in Mexico City is named after Gustavo A. Madero\n\n", "Q344454": "Charles Fran\u00e7ois Marie, Comte de R\u00e9musat (13 March 1797 \u2013 6 June 1875), was a French politician and writer.", "Q87313": "Franz Isidor Proschko, pseudonym Franz von Hohenfurth, (2 April 1816 in Hohenfurth, Bohemia - 6 February 1891 in Vienna) was a Nineteenth Century Austrian author.", "Q64088": "Michael Spindler (22 December 1942 \u2013 2017) was a German-American businessman who was president and CEO of Apple from 1993 to 1996.", "Q725261": "Ashford is a town in the county of Kent, England. It lies on the River Great Stour at the south edge of the North Downs, about 61 miles (98 km) southeast of central London and 15.3 miles (24.6 km) northwest of Folkestone by road. In the 2011 census, it had a population of 74,204. The name comes from the Old English \u00e6scet, indicating a ford near a clump of ash trees. It has been a market town since the Middle Ages, and a regular market continues to be held.\nSt Mary's Church in Ashford has been a local landmark since the 13th century, and expanded in the 15th. Today, the church functions in a dual role as a centre for worship and entertainment. Ashford has two grammar schools; the Norton Knatchbull School and Highworth Grammar School. The town has been a communications hub and has stood at the centre of five railway lines since the 19th century. The arrival of the railways became a source of employment and contributed to the town's growth. With the opening of the international passenger station it is now a European communications centre, with new lines running between London and the Channel Tunnel (via High Speed 1). The M20 motorway also links Ashford to those two destinations for road traffic.\nAshford has been marked as a place for expansion since the 1960s and appeared on several Government plans for growth. Changes have included the County Square shopping centre, the redevelopment of the Templer Barracks at Repton Park, the Finberry estate to the southeast, and the award-winning Ashford Designer Outlet. In the 1970s, a controversial ring road scheme and construction of the multi-storey Charter House building destroyed significant parts of the old town, though some areas were spared and preserved.\n\n", "Q232298": "Barbara Eden (born Barbara Jean Morehead, August 23, 1931) is an American film, stage, and television actress, and singer, best known for her starring role of \"Jeannie\" in the sitcom I Dream of Jeannie.", "Q110081": "Oskar Hoffmann (July 4, 1877 \u2013 February 3, 1953) was a German editor and politician. He served in the Landtag in North Rhine-Westphalia and was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. After the war, he became a member of the Communist Party. He was arrested in 1933 and for one month, was held at Kemna concentration camp, where he was tortured physically and psychologically.", "Q161678": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 1 is a 2010 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the first of two cinematic parts based on J. K. Rowling's 2007 novel of the same name and features an ensemble cast. The film, which is the seventh and penultimate instalment in the Harry Potter film series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman, David Barron, and Rowling.\nThe film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint and Emma Watson, respectively, reprising roles as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and is followed by the concluding entry, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2.\nThe story follows Harry Potter, who has been tasked by Dumbledore with finding and destroying Lord Voldemort's secret to immortality \u2013 the Horcruxes. Filming began on 19 February 2009 (2009-02-19) and was completed on 12 June 2010 (2010-06-12). Part 1 was released in 2D cinemas and IMAX formats worldwide on 19 November 2010.In the film's worldwide opening weekend, Part 1 grossed $330 million, the third-highest in the series, and the highest opening of 2010, as well as the eighth-highest of all time. With a worldwide gross of $960 million, Part 1 is the third highest-grossing film of 2010, behind Toy Story 3 and Alice in Wonderland, and the third-highest-grossing Harry Potter film in terms of worldwide totals, behind Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2 and Philosopher's Stone. Additionally, it received two nominations at the 83rd Academy Awards: Best Art Direction and Best Visual Effects.", "Q72832": "Casandra Elizabeth Ventura Fine (born August 26, 1986), known mononymously as Cassie, is an American singer, songwriter, model, actress and dancer. Born in New London, Connecticut, she began her career as a result of meeting record producer Ryan Leslie in late 2004, who later signed her to NextSelection Lifestyle Group. During this time, Diddy heard \"Me & U\" in a club, and Leslie convinced him to partner his Bad Boy Records with Leslie's NextSelection imprint for the release of Cassie's debut album.\nCassie's self titled debut studio album was released in August 2006, peaking at number four on the Billboard 200 chart and features the Billboard Hot 100 top three hit \"Me & U\". In 2008, Cassie released the single \"Official Girl\" featuring Lil Wayne. In 2009, she released the singles \"Must Be Love\" featuring Diddy, and \"Let's Get Crazy\" featuring Akon, and signed a record deal with Interscope Records. In April 2013, Cassie released her debut mixtape RockaByeBaby, which was promoted with the music videos of \"Numb\" featuring Rick Ross and \"Paradise\" featuring Wiz Khalifa.\nApart from music, Cassie is signed to modeling agency Wilhelmina Models and One Management. Cassie has modeled for Calvin Klein one and has been featured in magazines including GQ and Bust and becoming the face of ASOS 2013 spring collection, Cassie has appeared in adverts for Delia's, Adidas, Abercrombie & Fitch, Seventeen, and a commercial for Clean and Clear. Cassie has also ventured into acting; she made her film debut in Step Up 2: The Streets (2008).", "Q1066474": "Charles Wilson (born 18 August 1935) is a Scottish journalist and newspaper executive.\nCharlie Wilson was born in Glasgow, and educated at Eastbank Academy in the east end of the city. Having began his career as a reporter for the News Chronicle and the Daily Mail, he subsequently edited the Glasgow Evening Times, The Glasgow Herald and The Scottish Sunday Standard from 1976 to 1982, before moving to London to work as deputy editor (1982-5) and editor (1985-90) of The Times. From 1992 to 1998 he was managing director of Mirror Group plc (having been editorial director of the Group from 1991 to 1992). He was concurrently managing director and editor-in-chief of The Sporting Life (1990-8), and also edited The Independent for a brief spell (1995-6).\nHe was married to the broadcaster and journalist Anne Robinson and they have a daughter, Emma. He was later married to the journalist Sally O'Sullivan with whom he had a son, Luke, and a daughter, Lily. In 2001 he married amateur jockey Rachel Pitkeathley, daughter of Baroness Pitkeathley, the Life Peer.\nHe was appointed as new Chairman of the Judges at British Press Awards 2006, as part of an effort to promote transparency and fairness in the judging process.\nWilson is the senior non-executive director of Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, where he has made significant steps in assuring corporate governance. He is mentioned in the annual reports at the chelwest.nhs.uk website.\nA former Royal Marines boxing champion, he was feared but respected by many of those who worked for him, among them Matthew Parris, who cites him as an inspiration in the craft of journalism.", "Q2154182": "Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (VP&S) is the graduate medical school of Columbia University, located at the Columbia University Irving Medical Center in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan with its affiliate NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital. Founded in 1767 by Samuel Bard as the medical department of King's College (now Columbia University), VP&S was the first medical school in the Thirteen Colonies to award the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree. Beginning in 1993, VP&S was also the first U.S. medical school to hold a white coat ceremony.According to U.S. News & World Report, VP&S is one of the most selective medical schools in the United States based on average MCAT score, GPA, and acceptance rate. In 2018, 7,537 people applied and 1,007 were interviewed for 140 seats in its entering MD class. The median undergraduate GPA and average MCAT score for successful applicants in 2014 were 3.82 and 36, respectively. Columbia is ranked sixth for research among American medical schools by U.S. News & World Report.In 2018, Columbia became the first medical school in the nation to replace loans with scholarships for all students who qualify for financial aid. The scholarships are funded by an endowment that was established by Dr. P. Roy Vagelos and his wife Diana Vagelos; in December 2017, the 250-year-old medical school was renamed in their honor. The Vageloses committed more than $310 million to Columbia, $150 million of which was directed toward the scholarship fund.Columbia is affiliated with NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, the nation's 5th-ranked hospital according to U.S. News & World Report.", "Q75185": "Professor Maximinus Friedrich Alexander de Crinis (29 May 1889 in Ehrenhausen near Graz \u2013 2 May 1945 in Stahnsdorf near Berlin, Germany) held a Chair in psychiatry in Cologne and at Charit\u00e9 in Berlin, and was a medical expert for the Action T4 Euthanasia Program who wrote the Euthanasia Decree, signed by Adolf Hitler on September 20, 1939.\nAn Austrian, he joined the Nazi Party in 1931. Not only was de Crinis a high-ranking SS member, he was the most outspoken and influential Nazi in German psychiatry, a psychiatric consultant at the highest level of the regime. De Crinis became medical director of the Ministry of Education in 1941. He was also a director of the European League for Mental Hygiene. Furthermore, he politically supported fellow Nazi Max Clara's attempts to obtain professorship at the University of Leipzig.On May 1, 1945, after killing his family with potassium cyanide, de Crinis committed suicide by taking a cyanide tablet.", "Q129600": "Zrubavel Gilad (Hebrew: \u05d6\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d1\u05dc \u05d2\u05dc\u05e2\u05d3, also \u05d6\u05e8\u05d1\u05d1\u05dc \u05d2\u05dc\u05e2\u05d3; b. 9 December 1912, d. 12 August 1988) was a Hebrew poet, editor and translator.", "Q970679": "Pitigrilli was the pseudonym of Dino Segre, (9 May 1893 - 8 May 1975), an Italian writer who made his living as a journalist and novelist. His most noted novel was Cocaine (1921), published under his pseudonym and placed on the list of prohibited books by the Catholic Church because of his treatment of drug use and sex. It has been translated into several languages and re-issued in several editions. Pitigrilli published novels up until 1974, the year before his death.\nHe founded the literary magazine Grandi Firme, which was published in Turin from 1924 to 1938, when it was banned under the anti-Semitic Race Laws of the Fascist government. Although baptized a Catholic, Segre was classified as Jewish at that time. His father was Jewish, and Pitigrilli had married a Jewish woman (although they had long lived apart). He had worked in the 1930s as an informant for OVRA, the Fascist secret service, but was dismissed in 1939 after being exposed in Paris.\nPitigrilli had traveled in Europe in the 1930s while maintaining his house in Turin. His efforts, beginning in 1938, to change his racial status were not successful, and he was interned as a Jew in 1940, after Italy's entrance into the war as an ally of Germany. He was released the same year, and wrote anonymously in Rome to earn money. After Mussolini's government fell in 1943 and the Germans began to occupy Italy, Pitigrilli fled to Switzerland, where his second wife (a Catholic) and their daughter joined him. They lived there until 1947, then moved to Argentina. Segre and his family returned to Europe in 1958 and settled in Paris, occasionally visiting Turin.", "Q327681": "Dogville is a 2003 crime revenge tragedy film written and directed by Lars von Trier, and starring an ensemble cast led by Nicole Kidman, Lauren Bacall, Paul Bettany, Chlo\u00eb Sevigny, Stellan Skarsg\u00e5rd, Udo Kier, Ben Gazzara, Harriet Andersson, and James Caan. It is a parable that uses an extremely minimal, stage-like set to tell the story of Grace Mulligan (Kidman), a woman hiding from mobsters, who arrives in the small mountain town of Dogville, Colorado, and is provided refuge in return for physical labor.\nThe film is the first in von Trier's projected USA \u2013 Land of Opportunities trilogy, which was followed by Manderlay (2005) and is projected to be completed with Washington. The film was in competition for the Palme d'Or at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival but Gus Van Sant's Elephant won the award. It was screened at various film festivals before receiving a limited release in the US on March 26, 2004.\nDogville opened to polarized reviews from critics. Some considered it to be pretentious or exasperating; it was viewed by others as a masterpiece, and has grown in stature since its initial release. It was later included in the 2016 poll of the greatest films since 2000 conducted by BBC.", "Q306897": "Abigail Miriam Dauermann (born February 25, 1989), better known by her stage name Abby Wilde, is an American actress and singer best known for portraying Stacey Dillsen in Zoey 101, iCarly, and Sam & Cat.", "Q1353311": "John Michael Landy, (born 12 April 1930) is a retired Australian middle-distance runner and state governor. He was the second man to break the four-minute mile barrier in the mile run, and held the world records for the 1500-metre run and the mile race. He was also the 26th Governor of Victoria from 2001 to 2006.", "Q317742": "Johnny Marr (born John Martin Maher; 31 October 1963) is an English musician, songwriter, and singer. He first achieved fame as the guitarist and co-songwriter of the Smiths, who were active from 1982 to 1987. He has since performed with numerous other bands and embarked on a solo career.\nBorn in Ardwick, Manchester, to Irish parents, Marr formed his first band at the age of 13. He was part of several bands with Andy Rourke before forming the Smiths with Morrissey in 1982. The Smiths attained commercial success and were critically acclaimed, with Marr's jangle pop guitar style becoming distinctive of the band's sound, but separated in 1987 due to personal differences between Marr and Morrissey. Since then, Marr has been a member of the Pretenders, The The, Electronic, Modest Mouse, and the Cribs, and he has become a prolific session musician, working with names such as Talking Heads and Hans Zimmer.\nHaving released an album titled Boomslang in 2003 under the name Johnny Marr and the Healers, Marr released his first solo album, The Messenger, in 2013. His second solo album, Playland, was released in 2014, followed by a third, Call the Comet, in 2018. Marr's autobiography, Set the Boy Free, was published in 2016.Voted the fourth-best guitarist of the last 30 years in a poll conducted by the BBC in 2010, Phil Alexander, editor-in-chief of Mojo, has described Marr as \"arguably Britain's last great guitar stylist\". In 2013, NME honoured Marr with its \"Godlike Genius\" award, hailing him: \"Not content with rewriting the history of music with one of the world's greatest ever bands, the Smiths, he's continued to push boundaries and evolve throughout his career, working with some of the best and most exciting artists on the planet.\"", "Q2371386": "Sven Thieme (born 8 February 1968) is a Namibian businessman. He is currently a chairman of Ohlthaver & List , the largest private company in Namibia.\n\n", "Q92078": "Sonja Gerhardt (born 2 April 1989) is a German film and television actress. She is best known for her roles in the television series Schmetterlinge im Bauch and Deutschland 83.", "Q208110": "Bansk\u00e1 \u0160tiavnica (Slovak pronunciation: [\u02c8banska\u02d0 \u02c8\u0283c\u026a\u032fa\u028b\u0272itsa] (listen); German: Schemnitz; Hungarian: Selmecb\u00e1nya (Selmec), pronounced [\u02c8\u0283\u025blm\u025bd\u0361zba\u02d0\u0272\u0252]) is a town in central Slovakia, in the middle of an immense caldera created by the collapse of an ancient volcano. For its size, the caldera is known as the \u0160tiavnica Mountains. Bansk\u00e1 \u0160tiavnica has a population of more than 10,000. It is a completely preserved medieval town. Because of their historical value, the town and its surroundings were proclaimed by the UNESCO to be a World Heritage Site on December 11, 1993.", "Q856872": "Rap metal is a subgenre of rap rock and alternative metal music which combines hip hop with heavy metal. It usually consists of heavy metal guitar riffs, funk metal elements, rapped vocals and sometimes turntables.", "Q381046": "George William Bailey (born August 27, 1944) is an American actor. Although he appeared in many dramatic roles, he may be best remembered for his \"crusty\" comedic characters such as Staff Sergeant Luther Rizzo in M*A*S*H (TV series 1979\u20131983); Lieutenant/Captain Thaddeus Harris in the Police Academy films (1984\u20131994) and Captain Felix Maxwell in Mannequin (1987). He played the role of Detective Lieutenant Louie Provenza on TNT's television crime drama The Closer, and its spinoff series Major Crimes, from 2005 to 2018.", "Q197688": "Shi Zhengrong (Chinese: \u65bd\u6b63\u8363; pinyin: Sh\u012b Zh\u00e8ngr\u00f3ng, born on February 10, 1963) is a Chinese-Australian businessman and philanthropist. He is the founder and, up to March 2013, chairman and chief executive officer of Suntech Power.", "Q251065": "Bad Aussee (Central Bavarian: Bod Aussee) is a town in the Austrian state of Styria, located at the confluence of the three sources of the Traun River in the Ausseerland region. Bad Aussee serves as the economic and cultural center of the Styrian part of the Salzkammergut lakes region. With a population of 4,862, the town is said to be the geographical midpoint of Austria, symbolized by a stone monument in the centre of town.\nTogether with other Alpine towns Bad Aussee engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Bad Aussee was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2010.", "Q174513": "One-Eyed Jacks is a 1961 American Technicolor Western film starring and directed by Marlon Brando; it was the only film he directed. It was originally planned to be directed by Stanley Kubrick from a screenplay by Sam Peckinpah, but studio disputes led to their replacement by Brando and Guy Trosper. Brando portrays the lead character Rio, and Karl Malden plays his partner, \"Dad\" Longworth. The supporting cast features Pina Pellicer, Katy Jurado, Ben Johnson and Slim Pickens. \nIn 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress.\n\n", "Q218303": "The Independence Party (Icelandic: Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isflokkurinn) is a liberal-conservative, Eurosceptic political party in Iceland. It is currently the largest party in the Al\u00feingi, with 16 seats. The chairman of the party is Bjarni Benediktsson. The secretary of the party is \u00c1slaug Arna Sigurbj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir.\nIt was formed in 1929 through a merger of the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party. This united the two parties advocating the dissolution of the Union of Denmark and Iceland; dissolution was achieved in 1944, during the German occupation of Denmark. From 1929, the party won the largest share of the vote in every election until the 2009 election, when it fell behind the Social Democratic Alliance. Until Bjarni took the leadership after the 2009 defeat, every Independence Party leader has also held the office of Prime Minister. Since 2013, the Independence Party has joined the coalition government.\nThe Independence Party broadly encompasses all centre-right thought in Iceland. Economically liberal and opposed to interventionism, the party is supported most strongly by fishermen and high-earners, particularly in Reykjav\u00edk. It supports Icelandic membership of NATO but opposes the idea of joining the European Union (EU). It is a member of the International Democrat Union, and it joined the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists (AECR) in November 2011, a centre-right Eurosceptic European political party.", "Q95717": "Matthias Knutzen (also: Knuzen, Knutsen) (1646 \u2013 after 1674) was a German-languaged critic of religion and the author of three atheistic pamphlets. In modern Western history, he may be the first atheist known by name and in person.", "Q57442": "Victor Klemperer (9 October 1881 \u2013 11 February 1960) was a German Romance languages scholar who also became known as a diarist. His journals, published in Germany in 1995, detailed his life under the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich, and the German Democratic Republic. Those covering the period of the Third Reich have since become standard sources and have been extensively quoted by Saul Friedl\u00e4nder, Michael Burleigh, Richard J. Evans, and Max Hastings.", "Q248534": "Canadian football (French: football canadien) is a sport played in Canada in which two teams of 12 players each compete for territorial control of a field of play 110 yards (101 m) long and 65 yards (59 m) wide attempting to advance a pointed oval-shaped ball into the opposing team's scoring area (end zone).\nIn Canada, the term \"football\" may refer to Canadian football and American football collectively, or to either sport specifically, depending on context; outside of Canada, the term Canadian football is used exclusively to describe this sport, even in the United States (the term gridiron football [or, more rarely, North American football] is also used worldwide as well to refer to both sports collectively). The two sports have shared origins and are closely related but have some key differences, and both sports had their modern rules developed independently from each other.\nRugby football in Canada originated in the early 1860s, and over time, the game known as Canadian football developed. Both the Canadian Football League (CFL), the sport's top professional league, and Football Canada, the governing body for amateur play, trace their roots to 1880 and the founding of the Canadian Rugby Football Union.\nThe CFL is the most popular and only major professional Canadian football league. Its championship game, the Grey Cup, is one of Canada's largest sporting events, attracting a broad television audience. In 2009, about 40% of Canada's population watched part of the game; in 2014, it was closer to 33%, peaking at 5.1 million viewers in the fourth quarter.Canadian football is also played at the bantam, high school, junior, collegiate, and semi-professional levels: the Canadian Junior Football League, formed May 8, 1974, and Quebec Junior Football League are leagues for players aged 18\u201322, many post-secondary institutions compete in U Sports football for the Vanier Cup, and senior leagues such as the Alberta Football League have grown in popularity in recent years. Great achievements in Canadian football are enshrined in the Canadian Football Hall of Fame located in Hamilton, Ontario.\nOther organizations across Canada perform senior league Canadian football during the summer.", "Q11417": "Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a number of reasons such as self-defense; military and law enforcement applications; competition; physical, mental and spiritual development; and entertainment or the preservation of a nation's intangible cultural heritage.Although the term martial art has become associated with the fighting arts of East Asia, it originally referred to the combat systems of Europe as early as the 1550s. The term is derived from Latin and means \"arts of Mars\", the Roman god of war. Some authors have argued that fighting arts or fighting systems would be more appropriate on the basis that many martial arts were never \"martial\" in the sense of being used or created by professional warriors.", "Q210987": "Salo (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u0251lo]) is a town and municipality of Finland.\nIt is in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Southwest Finland region. The municipality has a population of 52,312 (January 31, 2019) and covers an area of 2,168.30 square kilometres (837.19 sq mi) of which 181.78 km2 (70.19 sq mi) is water. The population density is 26.33/km2 (68.2/sq mi).\nIn Finnish salo means woodland, backwoods but also a wooded island. It is thought that Salo has meant the island that over thousand years ago existed to the south of the current town but is today (due to the post-glacial rebound typical in the area) a hill, not even very close to the sea.Salo is located between the capital Helsinki and the provincial capital Turku, making it a busy small city. The short distance from these bigger cities keeps the Salo region and its business life growing. Farming also plays a considerable part in the area. Salo's neighbouring municipalities are Koski Tl, Lohja, Kemi\u00f6nsaari, Marttila, Paimio, Raseborg, Sauvo and Somero.\nOnce the town's main claim to fame, Salo had a large consumer electronics and mobile phone industry, with a manufacturing plant operated by Nokia and briefly by Microsoft Mobile in the 2010s until it was shut down. Nokia was once the dominant employer in the town, and the plant's closure in 2015 has led to high unemployment.\nSalo is the birthplace of the president of Finland Sauli Niinist\u00f6.\nThe municipality is unilingually Finnish.", "Q560949": "Gunnar Knudsen (19 September 1848 \u2013 1 December 1928), born Aanon Gunerius Knudsen, was a Norwegian politician from the Liberal Party who had two terms as Prime Minister of Norway from 1908 to 1910 and from 1913 to 1920. He also owned a number of shipping companies, and founded the shipping company, Borgestad ASA.", "Q3646": "Krasnodar (; Russian: \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440, IPA: [kr\u0259sn\u0250\u02c8dar]) is a city and the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Kuban River, approximately 148 kilometers (92 mi) northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 774,234. According to the Federal Statistics Service of Russia, Krasnodar officially reached a population of 1,000,007 on September 22, 2018, thus the city is the 16th most populated city in Russia, and also the country's 16th city with at least a million inhabitants.It was previously known as Yekaterinodar (until December 7, 1920).", "Q47651": "Marco Pannella (born Giacinto Pannella; 2 May 1930 \u2013 19 May 2016) was an Italian politician, journalist and activist. He was well known in his country for his nonviolence and civil rights' campaigns, like the right to divorce, the right to abortion, the legalization of cannabis and the definitive abolition of nuclear power. Internationally, he supported human rights and self-determination causes, like the Tibetan independence and persecution of Christians in Vietnam.\nHe was the historic leader of the Radical Party (the first expression of the Radicals in post-World War II Italy was the Italian Radical Party, founded in 1955). Between 1979 and 2009, he was a Member of the European Parliament, where he sat as a full member in the Committee on Legal Affairs, in the Committee on Budgetary Control and in the Delegation for relations with Israel. He was also President of the Nonviolent Radical Party.\nHe is considered an example of left-libertarian and liberal socialist.", "Q16378": "Vijaygupta Maurya (Gujarati: \u0ab5\u0abf\u0a9c\u0aaf\u0a97\u0ac1\u0aaa\u0acd\u0aa4 \u0aae\u0acc\u0ab0\u0acd\u0aaf) was a pioneer science writer in Gujarati. He wrote thousands of articles popularising science as well as several books.\n\n", "Q375879": "Paulino Masip Roca (May 11, 1899, in La Granadella \u2013 September 21, 1963) a member of the Generation of '27, was a Spanish playwright, screenwriter and novelist. Driven into exile in Mexico in 1939 by the events of the Spanish Civil War, he became involved with the nascent Golden age of Mexican cinema and was the author of over 50 screenplays. Masip is best known for his novel \u00a8El Diario de Hamlet Garcia\u00a8 which takes place during the Spanish Civil War.", "Q283123": "Francesco Giuseppe \"Frank\" Puglia (9 March 1892 \u2013 25 October 1975) was an Italian-American film actor. He had small, but memorable roles in films including Casablanca (a Moroccan rug merchant), Now, Voyager and The Jungle Book.", "Q227": "Azerbaijan (UK: (listen), US: ; Azerbaijani: Az\u0259rbaycan [\u0251\u02d0z\u00e6\u027eb\u0251j\u02c8d\u0361\u0292\u0251n]), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131 [\u0251\u02d0z\u00e6\u027eb\u0251j\u02c8d\u0361\u0292\u0251n \u027eespublik\u0251\u02c8s\u026f]), is a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, and has an 11 km (6.8 mi) long border with Turkey in the northwest.\nThe Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence in 1918 and became the first secular democratic Muslim-majority state. In 1920 the country was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991, shortly before the dissolution of the USSR in the same year. In September 1991, the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to form the Republic of Artsakh. The region and seven adjacent districts outside it became de facto independent with the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994. These regions are internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan pending a solution to the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE.Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic. It is one of six independent Turkic states and an active member of the Turkic Council and the T\u00dcRKSOY community. Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 158 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations, including the United Nations (since 1992), the Council of Europe, the Non-Aligned Movement, the OSCE, and the NATO Partnership for Peace (PfP) program. It is one of the founding members of GUAM, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. Azerbaijan also holds observer status in the World Trade Organization.While more than 89% of the population is Shia Muslim, the Constitution of Azerbaijan does not declare an official religion and all major political forces in the country are secularist. Azerbaijan has a high level of human development according to the Human Development Index. It has a high rate of economic development and literacy, as well as a low rate of unemployment. However, the ruling party, the New Azerbaijan Party, has been accused of authoritarianism and human rights abuses.", "Q981680": "Snorre Serigstad Valen (born 16 September 1984 in Oslo) is a Norwegian musician and politician (SV). He was elected to the Stortinget from S\u00f8r-Tr\u00f8ndelag in 2009, and has been deputy head of the party since November 2015. Valen previously worked as a communications assistant at NTNU Social Research.", "Q125984": "Anastasius Bibliothecarius or Anastasius the Librarian (c. 810 \u2013 c. 878) was bibliothecarius (literally \"librarian\") and chief archivist of the Church of Rome and also briefly an Antipope.", "Q57324": "Blaise Compaor\u00e9 (born 3 February 1951) is a Burkinab\u00e9 politician who was president of Burkina Faso from 1987 to 2014. He was a top associate of President Thomas Sankara during the 1980s, and in October 1987, he led a coup d'\u00e9tat during which Sankara was killed. Subsequently, he introduced a policy of \"rectification\", overturning the leftist and Third Worldist policies pursued by Sankara. He won elections in 1991, 1998, 2005, and 2010 in what were considered unfair circumstances. His attempt to amend the constitution to extend his 27-year term caused the 2014 Burkinab\u00e9 uprising. On 31 October 2014, Compaor\u00e9 resigned, whereupon he fled to the Ivory Coast.", "Q334825": "Pramathesh Chandra Barua(Assamese: \u09aa\u09cd\u09f0\u09ae\u09a5\u09c7\u09b6 \u09ac\u09f0\u09c1\u09f1\u09be) (24 October 1903 \u2013 29 November 1951) was an Indian actor, director, and screenwriter of Indian films in the pre-independence era, born in Gauripur.\n\n", "Q201134": "Jos\u00e9 Manuel Casta\u00f1\u00f3n (February 10, 1920 \u2013 June 6, 2001) was a Spanish writer born in Pola de Lena, Asturias. Although he fought in Francisco Franco\u2019s 1936 military uprising, he later distanced himself from Franco's regime and in 1957 left for a 20-year exile to Venezuela. His best-known novel Moletu-Voleva, published in Madrid in 1956, a story about lust for money.", "Q124442": "Salcia Landmann, born Salcia Passweg (Hebrew: \u05d6\u05dc\u05e6\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e0\u05d3\u05de\u05df\u200e; 18 November 1911 \u2013 16 May 2002), was a Jewish writer. She was born in Zhovkva, Galicia, and died in St. Gallen, Switzerland. She worked on preserving the Yiddish language, and she wrote the important work Der J\u00fcdische Witz (Jewish Humor). She was one of the founders of the International PEN in Liechtenstein. She had one son and was married to philosopher Michael Landmann since 1939.", "Q1677044": "Jack Henry Greene (January 7, 1930 \u2013 March 14, 2013) was an American country musician. Nicknamed the \"Jolly Greene Giant\" due to his height and deep voice, Greene was a long time member of the Grand Ole Opry. A three-time Grammy Award nominee, Greene is best known for his 1966 hit, \"There Goes My Everything\". The song dominated the Country music charts for nearly two months in 1967 and earned Greene \"Male Vocalist of the Year\", \"Single of the Year\", \"Album of the Year\" and \"Song of the Year\" honors from the Country Music Association. Greene had a total of five No. 1 country hits and three others that reached the top ten. Billboard magazine named Greene one of the Top 100 \"Most Played Artists\".", "Q61696": "Midnight Cowboy is a 1969 American buddy drama film, based on the 1965 novel of the same name by James Leo Herlihy. The film was written by Waldo Salt, directed by John Schlesinger, and stars Jon Voight and Dustin Hoffman, with notable smaller roles being filled by Sylvia Miles, John McGiver, Brenda Vaccaro, Bob Balaban, Jennifer Salt, and Barnard Hughes. Set in New York City, Midnight Cowboy depicts the unlikely friendship between two hustlers: naive prostitute Joe Buck (Voight), and ailing con man \"Ratso\" Rizzo (Hoffman).\nAt the 42nd Academy Awards, the film won three awards: Best Picture, Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay. Midnight Cowboy is the only X-rated film ever to win Best Picture. It has since been placed 36th on the American Film Institute's list of the 100 greatest American films of all time, and 43rd on its 2007 updated version.\nIn 1994, Midnight Cowboy was deemed \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.", "Q333192": "Kang Ye-won (born Kim Ji-eun; March 15, 1980) is a South Korean actress best known for her roles in Tidal Wave, Harmony and Quick.\n\n", "Q241510": "Michael Connell Biehn (born July 31, 1956) is an American actor, primarily known for his military roles in science fiction films directed by James Cameron; as Sgt. Kyle Reese in The Terminator (1984), Cpl. Dwayne Hicks in Aliens (1986), and Lt. Coffey in The Abyss (1989). His other films include The Fan (1981), Navy SEALs (1990), Tombstone (1993), The Rock (1996), Megiddo: The Omega Code 2 (2001), and Planet Terror (2007). On television, he has appeared in Hill Street Blues (1984) and Adventure Inc. (2002\u20132003). Biehn received a Best Actor Saturn Award nomination for Aliens, and received The Life Career Award at the 2011 ceremony.", "Q18433": "City of Women (Italian: La citt\u00e0 delle donne) is a 1980 Italian fantasy comedy-drama film written and directed by Federico Fellini. Amid Fellini's characteristic combination of dreamlike, outrageous, and artistic imagery, Marcello Mastroianni plays Sn\u00e0poraz, a man who voyages through male and female spaces toward a confrontation with his own attitudes toward women and his wife.", "Q1668164": "Scott McNealy (born November 13, 1954) is an American businessman. He is most famous for co-founding the computer technology company Sun Microsystems in 1982 along with Vinod Khosla, Bill Joy, and Andy Bechtolsheim. In 2004, while still at Sun, McNealy founded Curriki, a free online education service. In 2011, he co-founded Wayin, a social intelligence and visualization company based in Denver. McNealy stepped down from his position as CEO of Wayin in 2016.", "Q450646": "Edie Adams (born Edith Elizabeth Enke; April 16, 1927 \u2013 October 15, 2008) was an American comedienne, actress, singer and businesswoman. She was an Emmy Award nominee and Tony Award winner.\nAdams was well known for her impersonations of sexy stars on stage and television, especially Marilyn Monroe. She was the wife and frequent television partner of Ernie Kovacs until his death in a 1962 car accident. After Kovacs's death, Adams founded two beauty businesses: Edie Adams Cosmetics and Edie Adams Cut 'n' Curl.", "Q317024": "Michael Anthony Angarano (born December 3, 1987) is an American actor. He became known for his roles in the film Music of the Heart (1999) and the television series Cover Me (2000\u20132001) and I'm Dying Up Here (2017-2018). Since then he has starred in a number of films including Sky High (2005), The Forbidden Kingdom (2008), Haywire (2011), The English Teacher (2013), and Sun Dogs (2017). He has also appeared in television series and earned a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series in 2019.", "Q671624": "Lac des Brenets (Swiss name) or Lac de Chaillexon (French name) is a lake on the Doubs River on the border of Switzerland and France.", "Q89458": "Max Tidof (born 1960 in Polch) is a German actor.", "Q264960": "Tisha Michelle Campbell (born October 13, 1968) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. Born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and raised in New Jersey, she made her screen debut appearing in the 1986 rock musical comedy film Little Shop of Horrors, and later starred on the short-lived NBC musical comedy drama Rags to Riches (1987\u20131988).\nCampbell has appeared in films including School Daze (1988), Rooftops (1989), Another 48 Hrs. (1990), Boomerang (1992), and Sprung (1997). She received Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female nomination for her performance in the 1990 comedy film House Party, and later starred in its two sequels; House Party 2 (1991), and House Party 3 (1994).\nOn television, Campbell starred as Gina Waters-Payne in the Fox comedy series Martin from 1992 to 1997 and as Janet \"Jay\" Marie Johnson-Kyle in the ABC comedy series My Wife and Kids (2001\u20132005), for which she received NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series. She later had regular roles on Rita Rocks (Lifetime, 2008\u20132009), The Protector (Lifetime, 2011), and Dr. Ken (ABC, 2015\u20132017).", "Q1737": "Bregenz (German pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u0281e\u02d0g\u025bnt\u0361s] (listen)) is the capital of Vorarlberg, the westernmost state of Austria. The city is on the eastern shores of Lake Constance, the third-largest freshwater lake in Central Europe, between Switzerland in the west and Germany in the northwest.\nThe city is on a plateau falling in a series of terraces to the lake at the foot of Pf\u00e4nder mountain. It is a junction of the arterial roads from the Rhine valley to the German Alpine foothills, with cruise ship services on Lake Constance.\nIt is famous for the annual summer music festival Bregenzer Festspiele as well as the dance festival Bregenzer Spring.", "Q679278": "Jan H. van Bemmel (born 17 November 1938) is a Dutch former professor of medical informatics at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and the Erasmus University Rotterdam. He was rector magnificus of the Erasmus University Rotterdam between 2000 and 2003.", "Q7346": "John William Coltrane (September 23, 1926 \u2013 July 17, 1967) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. Working in the bebop and hard bop idioms early in his career, Coltrane helped pioneer the use of modes and was at the forefront of free jazz. He led at least fifty recording sessions and appeared on many albums by other musicians, including trumpeter Miles Davis and pianist Thelonious Monk. Over the course of his career, Coltrane's music took on an increasingly spiritual dimension. He remains one of the most influential saxophonists in music history. He received many posthumous awards, including canonization by the African Orthodox Church and a Pulitzer Prize in 2007. His second wife was pianist and harpist Alice Coltrane. Their children Ravi Coltrane, Oran Coltrane and John Coltrane Jr. are all musicians.\n\n", "Q235291": "Jung Chang (simplified Chinese: \u5f20\u620e; traditional Chinese: \u5f35\u620e; pinyin: Zh\u0101ng R\u00f3ng; Wade\u2013Giles: Chang Jung, Mandarin pronunciation: [t\u0282\u0251\u0301\u014b \u027b\u028a\u030c\u014b], born 25 March 1952) is a Chinese-born British writer now living in London, best known for her family autobiography Wild Swans, selling over 10 million copies worldwide but banned in the People's Republic of China.\nHer 832-page biography of Mao Zedong, Mao: The Unknown Story, written with her husband, the Irish historian Jon Halliday, was published in June 2005.", "Q366805": "William Congreve (24 January 1670 \u2013 19 January 1729) was an English playwright and poet of the Restoration period. He is known for his clever, satirical dialogue and influence on the comedy of manners style of that period. He was also a minor political figure in the British Whig Party.", "Q159481": "Johann Adam Weishaupt ([\u02c8jo\u02d0han \u02c8a\u02d0dam \u02c8va\u026a\u032fs.ha\u028a\u032fpt], 6 February 1748 \u2013 18 November 1830) was a German philosopher, professor of civil law and later canon law, and founder of the Order of the Illuminati, a secret society.", "Q743682": "Ken Kalfus (born April 9, 1954 in New York City) is an American author and journalist. Three of his books have been named New York Times Notable Books of the Year.", "Q449317": "Rosie Thomas is an American singer-songwriter and stand-up comedian, originally from Michigan.", "Q87475": "Prof. Eduard Rudolph Rhein (23 August 1900, K\u00f6nigswinter \u2013 15 April 1993, Cannes) was an inventor, publisher, and author.\nHe was the founder of the German magazine \"H\u00f6rzu\", which he directed as its editor-in-chief until 1964. He also founded the largest European foundation for information technology, the Eduard Rhein Foundation (1976).\nIn 1940 he published his book \"Du und die Elektrizit\u00e4t\"\nIn 1990 he received the freedom of the city K\u00f6nigswinter.", "Q714902": "Hajongard cemetery (officially Central Cemetery, in Hungarian H\u00e1zsong\u00e1rdi temet\u0151, from German Hasengarten), on Avram Iancu Street, is one of the oldest cemeteries in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, founded in the sixteenth century. It is one of the most picturesque sights of the city. It covers an area of ca. 14 hectares.", "Q451558": "The Turning Point is a 1977 American drama film centered on the world of ballet in New York City, written by Arthur Laurents and directed by Herbert Ross. The film stars Shirley MacLaine and Anne Bancroft, along with Leslie Browne, Mikhail Baryshnikov, and Tom Skerritt. The film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards, including Best Picture. The script is a fictionalized version of the real-life Brown family and the friendship between ballerinas Isabel Mirrow Brown (whose daughter, Leslie Browne, stars in the film) and Nora Kaye.", "Q298503": "Nicholas James Vujicic ( VOO-itch-itch; born 4 December 1982) is an Australian Christian evangelist and motivational speaker born with tetra-amelia syndrome, a rare disorder (called phocomelia) characterized by the absence of arms and legs.", "Q982389": "S\u0131rr\u0131 S\u00fcreyya \u00d6nder (born 7 July 1962) is a Turkish film director, actor, screenwriter, columnist and politician with Turkmen ancestry. Elected to parliament in 2011 as an independent backed by the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), he later joined the party. He competed in the 2014 municipal elections as the Istanbul mayoral candidate of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), the sister party of the BDP, coming third with 412,875 votes (4.83%). In the general election of 7 June 2015 he was elected as MP for the 1st electoral district of Ankara Province.", "Q99893": "Erika Dannhoff (2 December 1909 \u2013 18 June 1996) was a German actress. She played the female lead in the 1935 mountain film Demon of the Himalayas.", "Q446024": "Andrea Nebel (born Andrea Meyer), known under her artist name of Nebelhex\u00eb, is a German recording artist, writer, actress and model.", "Q281046": "Baron Ignatz von Kolisch (6 April 1837 \u2013 30 April 1889), also Baron Ignaz von Kolisch (German) or b\u00e1r\u00f3 Kolisch Ign\u00e1c (Hungarian), was a merchant, journalist and chess master with Jewish roots.\nKolisch was born into a Jewish family in Pressburg. Both in business and as a chess player he was eminently successful. In his early years he moved to Vienna, then spent a year in Italy. In 1859 he arrived in Paris and in 1860-62 mostly sojourned in London. In summer 1862 he accompanied the Russian Count Kushelev-Bezborodko to St. Petersburg, where he won a match against Ilya Shumov. Later he moved to Paris and in 1869 to Vienna. He became involved in banking and became a millionaire and chess patron, organizing and sponsoring important chess tournaments in the 1870s and 1880s. He founded the Wiener B\u00f6rse-Syndikatskasse in 1869, and in 1873 established a commission house in Paris; and by prudent management he acquired considerable wealth. In 1881 he received the title of baron from Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen.\nAs a chess player, Kolisch soon became known for his brilliant and aggressive style, but he was not a frequent participant in tournaments. In 1860 he won the first prize at the international tournament held at Cambridge, England. In 1861 he lost a match to Adolf Anderssen, the strongest player of the day, by a score of 5\u20134. The same year, he drew a match with Louis Paulsen. In 1867 at the Paris tournament he secured first place, defeating both Szymon Winawer and Wilhelm Steinitz.\nKolisch was the founder and editor-in-chief of the Wiener Allgemeine Zeitung, to which, under the pseudonym \"Ideka\", he contributed many feuilletons. The protagonist in the short story \"The chessbaron\" (A sakkb\u00e1r\u00f3) by Ferenc M\u00f3ra is based on him. He died of kidney failure in 1889.", "Q331949": "The Farewell (German: Abschied - Brechts letzter Sommer) is a 2000 German drama film directed by Jan Sch\u00fctte. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q484365": "David William Duchovny (born August 7, 1960) is an American actor, writer, producer, director, novelist, and singer-songwriter. He is known for playing FBI agent Fox Mulder on the television series The X-Files and writer Hank Moody on the television series Californication, both of which have earned him Golden Globe awards.\nDuchovny appeared in both X-Files films, the 1998 science fiction-thriller of the same name and the supernatural-thriller The X-Files: I Want to Believe (2008). He executive-produced and starred in the historically based cop drama Aquarius (2015\u201316). Duchovny earned a A.B. in English literature from Princeton University, and an M.A. in English literature from Yale University, and has since published three books, Holy Cow: A Modern-Day Dairy Tale (2015), Bucky F*cking Dent (2016) and Miss Subways (2018).", "Q168648": "Sopron (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283opron]; German: \u00d6denburg, Slovene: \u0160opron) is a city in Hungary on the Austrian border, near the Lake Neusiedl/Lake Fert\u0151.\n\n", "Q222921": "Guy Mitchell (born Albert George Cernik; February 22, 1927 \u2013 July 1, 1999) was an American pop singer and actor, successful in his homeland, the UK, and Australia. He sold 44 million records, including six million-selling singles.\nIn the fall of 1957, Mitchell starred in ABC's The Guy Mitchell Show. He appeared as George Romack on the 1961 NBC western detective series Whispering Smith.", "Q887597": "Teodoro Picado Michalski (10 January 1900 \u2013 1 June 1960) was the President of Costa Rica from 1944 to 1948.", "Q106191": "Karl F\u00f6rster (9 March 1784 \u2013 27 November 1841) was a German poet and translator.\n\n", "Q168890": "Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges, 1st Baronet (30 November 1762 \u2013 8 September 1837) was an English bibliographer and genealogist. He was also Member of Parliament for Maidstone from 1812 to 1818.Educated at Maidstone Grammar School and The King's School, Canterbury, Brydges was admitted to Queens' College, Cambridge in 1780, though he did not take a degree. He was called to the bar from the Middle Temple in 1787. He wrote some novels and poems, now forgotten, but rendered valuable service through his bibliographical publications (printed at the Lee Priory Press), Censura Literaria, Titles and Opinions of Old English Books (10 vols. 1805-9), his editions of Edward Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum Anglicanorum (1800), Arthur Collins's Peerage of England (1812), and of many rare Elizabethan authors. He was a founding member of the Roxburghe Club, a publishing club of wealthy bibliophiles. He was elected a Knight Grand Commander of the Equestrian, Secular, and Chapterial Order of St. Joachim in 1807, at a Chapter held in Franconia.In 1789, the Chandos barony became dormant. Egerton Brydges attempted to claim the title, initially on behalf of his older brother Rev. Edward Tymewell Brydges, then later on his own behalf. The litigation continued from 1790 to 1803, before the claims were ultimately rejected, but he continued to style himself per legem terrae Baron Chandos of Sudeley. It seems likely that not only was the claim groundless but that the evidence was forged.He was made a baronet on 27 December 1814. He died in Geneva.\n\n", "Q331791": "Dean Edwards (born July 30, 1970) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, singer, writer, musician and voice artist. His work as a voice actor includes Scottie Pippen and Spike Lee in Celebrity Deathmatch, a robot in Robotomy, and Donkey in Scared Shrekless after Eddie Murphy was unable to reprise the role (Edwards had impersonated Murphy on stage). He also appeared in Saturday Night Live Weekend Update Halftime Special as Savion Glover and Don Cheadle, in Tony N' Tina's Wedding as Father Mark, and The Sopranos.\nEdwards has a YouTube channel, \"deanedwardscomedy\". He was also the host of the critically acclaimed TV show \"Vidiots\" on TVone.", "Q87461": "Johann Albrecht Adelgrief (died 11 October 1636) was an alleged German prophet, born in the environs of Elbl\u0105g (Elbing), Royal Prussia (a fief of the Crown of Poland). He was the son of a Protestant minister, and well skilled in the ancient languages.He asserted that seven angels had come down from heaven and given him the commission to banish evil from the world, and to scourge the monarchs with rods of iron. He was arrested at K\u00f6nigsberg (Kr\u00f3lewiec), accused of witchcraft, and condemned to death with all his writings suppressed.", "Q348534": "3000 Miles to Graceland is a 2001 American crime film directed, co-produced by Demian Lichtenstein. The script was written by Richard Recco and Damien Lichtenstein. It stars Kurt Russell and Kevin Costner with supporting roles Courteney Cox, David Arquette, Bokeem Woodbine, Christian Slater, and Kevin Pollak. It is a story of theft and betrayal, revolving around a plot to rob the Riviera Casino during a convention of Elvis impersonators.\nBefore the film's opening, Warner Bros. released a series of animated prequels, \"The Road to Graceland\", voiced by stars Costner, Slater, Long, and Woodbine. The film was panned by the critics and was a box office bomb making only $18.7 million against its $62 million budget. It received five nominations at the 22nd Golden Raspberry Awards including Worst Picture, Worst Actor (Costner), Worst Supporting Actress (Cox), Worst Screenplay, and Worst Screen Couple (Russell and either Costner or Cox)\n\n", "Q120630": "Olaf Lies (born 8 May 1967 in Wilhelmshaven) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party. He was first elected to the Landtag of Lower Saxony in 2008.", "Q88752": "Ernst Eckstein (6 February 1845, Giessen, Grand Duchy of Hesse \u201318 November 1900) was a German humorist, novelist and poet.", "Q233": "Malta (, (listen); Maltese: [\u02c8m\u0250lt\u0250]), officially known as the Republic of Malta (Maltese: Repubblika ta' Malta), is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. It lies 80 km (50 mi) south of Italy, 284 km (176 mi) east of Tunisia, and 333 km (207 mi) north of Libya. With a population of about 475,000 over an area of 316 km2 (122 sq mi), Malta is the world's tenth smallest country in area and fifth most densely populated sovereign country. Its capital is Valletta, which is the smallest national capital in the European Union by area at 0.8 km2 (0.31 sq mi). The official and national language is Maltese, which is descended from Sicilian Arabic that developed during the Emirate of Sicily, while English serves as the second official language.\nMalta has been inhabited since approximately 5900 BC. Its location in the centre of the Mediterranean has historically given it great strategic importance as a naval base, with a succession of powers having contested and ruled the islands, including the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, Romans, Greeks, Arabs, Normans, Aragonese, Knights of St. John, French, and British. Most of these foreign influences have left some sort of mark on the country's ancient culture.\nMalta became a British colony in 1813, serving as a way station for ships and the headquarters for the British Mediterranean Fleet. It was besieged by the Axis powers during World War II and was an important Allied base for operations in North Africa and the Mediterranean.\nThe British Parliament passed the Malta Independence Act in 1964, giving Malta independence from the United Kingdom as the State of Malta, with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state and queen. The country became a republic in 1974. It has been a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations since independence, and joined the European Union in 2004; it became part of the eurozone monetary union in 2008.\nMalta has had Christians since the time of Early Christianity, though was predominantly Muslim while under Arab rule, who tolerated Christians. Norman rulers expelled all Muslims who did not convert, and Aragonese rulers expelled unconverted Jews. Today, Catholicism is the state religion, but the Constitution of Malta guarantees freedom of conscience and religious worship.Malta is a popular tourist destination with its warm climate, numerous recreational areas, and architectural and historical monuments, including three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Hypogeum of \u0126al Saflieni, Valletta, and seven megalithic temples which are some of the oldest free-standing structures in the world.\n\n", "Q11365": "Grunge (sometimes referred to as the Seattle sound) is a rock music genre and subculture that emerged during the mid-1980s in the Pacific Northwest U.S. state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns. The early grunge movement revolved around Seattle's independent record label Sub Pop and the region's underground music scene. The owners of Sub Pop marketed Northwestern punk rock shrewdly and the media was encouraged to describe it as \"grunge\", which came to mean a punk and metal hybrid style of music. By the early 1990s, its popularity had spread, with grunge bands appearing in California, then emerging in other parts of the United States and in Australia, building strong followings and signing major record deals.\nGrunge was commercially successful in the early to mid-1990s, due to releases such as Nirvana's Nevermind, Pearl Jam's Ten, Soundgarden's Badmotorfinger, Alice in Chains' Dirt and Stone Temple Pilots' Core. The success of these bands boosted the popularity of alternative rock and made grunge the most popular form of rock music at the time. Although most grunge bands had disbanded or faded from view by the late 1990s, they influenced modern rock music, as their lyrics brought socially conscious issues into pop culture and added introspection and an exploration of what it means to be true to oneself. Grunge was also an influence on later genres such as post-grunge (such as Creed and Nickelback) and nu metal (such as Korn and Limp Bizkit).\nGrunge fuses elements of punk rock and heavy metal, featuring the distorted electric guitar sound used in both genres, although some bands performed with more emphasis on one or the other. Like these genres, grunge typically uses electric guitar, bass guitar, drums and vocals. Grunge also incorporates influences from indie rock bands such as Sonic Youth. Lyrics are typically angst-filled and introspective, often addressing themes such as social alienation, self-doubt, abuse, neglect, betrayal, social and emotional isolation, psychological trauma and a desire for freedom.A number of factors contributed to grunge's decline in prominence. During the mid-to-late 1990s, many grunge bands broke up or became less visible. Nirvana's Kurt Cobain, labeled by Time as \"the John Lennon of the swinging Northwest,\" appeared unusually tortured by success and struggled with an addiction to heroin before his death at the age of 27 in 1994.", "Q334831": "Samuel Richard Slavson (December 25, 1890 - August 5, 1981) was an American engineer, journalist and teacher, who began to engage in group analysis in 1919. He is considered one of the pioneers of group psychotherapy for his contributions to its recognition as a scientific discipline. Slavson wrote over 20 books and served as the founding president of the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA). He also established children's group therapy and developed a specific small group model.", "Q104786": "Joseph Martin Reichard (23 September 1803 \u2013 14 May 1872) was a German politician and revolutionary. He was a lawyer by profession and a democrat by philosophy. He was elected as a deputy to the Frankfurt National Assembly in 1848, and served as a member of the Provisional Government in the Palatinate during the uprising of 1849. He died in 1872.", "Q57330": "Johann Rudolf Glauber (10 March 1604 \u2013 16 March 1670) was a German-Dutch alchemist and chemist. Some historians of science have described him as one of the first chemical engineers. His discovery of sodium sulfate in 1625 led to the compound being named after him: \"Glauber's salt\".\n\n", "Q82519": "The Landlord is a 1970 American comedy-drama film directed by Hal Ashby, adapted by Bill Gunn from the 1966 novel by Kristin Hunter. The film stars Beau Bridges in the lead role of a privileged and ignorant white man who selfishly becomes landlord of an inner-city tenement, unaware that the people he is responsible for are low-income, streetwise residents. Also in the cast are Lee Grant, Diana Sands, Pearl Bailey, and Louis Gossett Jr.. The film was Ashby's first as director.", "Q313256": "Robert Louis Fosse (June 23, 1927 \u2013 September 23, 1987) was an American dancer, musical-theatre choreographer, actor and theatre and film director. He directed and choreographed musical works on stage and screen, including the stage musicals The Pajama Game (choreography) in 1954 and Chicago in 1975 and the film Cabaret in 1972.\nFosse's distinctive style of choreography included turned-in knees and \"jazz hands.\" He is the only person ever to have won Oscar, Emmy, and Tony awards in the same year (1973). He was nominated for four Academy Awards, winning Best Director for Cabaret, and won a record eight Tonys for his choreography, as well as one for direction for Pippin.", "Q381734": "Johan Nordahl Brun Grieg (1 November 1902 \u2013 2 December 1943) was a Norwegian poet, novelist, dramatist, journalist and political activist. He was a popular author and a controversial public figure. He served in World War II as a war correspondent and was killed while on a bombing mission to Berlin.", "Q61682": "Sir Nikolaus Bernhard Leon Pevsner (30 January 1902 \u2013 18 August 1983) was a German-British art historian and architectural historian best known for his monumental 46-volume series of county-by-county guides, The Buildings of England (1951\u201374). \n\n", "Q892824": "Cosmos Music, formerly Bonnier Amigo Music Group (BAMG) is an independent record company based in Stockholm, Sweden.\nBonnier Amigo Music Group was formed in 2001 when the record company and distributor Amigo Musik merged with the record company Bonnier Music. BAMG claims to be the biggest independent record company in Scandinavia. \nBAMG signed acts including Helena Paparizou, Sunrise Avenue, Madcon, Amy Diamond and Sofia Karlsson. BAMG was the Scandinavian representative of some of the most influential independent record companies in Europe, including ACT, Dramatico, Cooking Vinyl, Cooperative Music, Epitaph, Roadrunner Records and MNW.\nIn late 2009, Fredik Ekander, Cai Leitner, Kent Isaacs and Christian Drougge bought Bonnier Amigo from Bonnier Group and subsequently renamed the company Cosmos Music.", "Q71491": "Marianne Adelaide Hedwig Dohm (n\u00e9e Schlesinger, later Schleh; 20 September 1831 \u2013 1 June 1919) was a German feminist and author. She was one of the first feminist thinkers to see gender roles as a result of socialization and not biological determinism.", "Q241504": "Rocky III is a 1982 American sports drama film written, directed by, and starring Sylvester Stallone. It is the third installment in the Rocky film series, and the second in the franchise to be directed by Stallone.\nThe movie features returning co-stars Carl Weathers, Burgess Meredith, Talia Shire, Burt Young and Tony Burton. Rocky III also marks the film debuts of Mr. T as James \"Clubber\" Lang, and of professional wrestler Hulk Hogan as the supporting character \"Thunderlips\".\nRocky III is the first installment in the series to be distributed by MGM/UA rather than United Artists alone, after United Artists' amalgamation into MGM in 1981.\nThe film's main theme, \"Eye of the Tiger\", was written by the group Survivor and became a smash hit single, topping the U.S. Billboard charts and receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song.\nReleased on May 28, 1982, the film was followed by Rocky IV in 1985.", "Q540333": "Dorking is a market town in Surrey, south east England, 21 miles (34 km) south of London. The main axis of the town runs east-west along the northern face of an outcrop of Lower Greensand and parallel to the course of the Pipp Brook. The town is between Ranmore Common on the North Downs and Leith Hill in the Greensand Ridge.\nIn the Georgian and Victorian periods six prominent sites in the former parish or on its boundaries became grand country estates: Leith Hill Place, Denbies (today a vineyard/hotel), Norbury Park, Polesden Lacey, Wotton House and Deepdene; five of which along with nearby Box Hill's promontory and chalk grassland slopes belong to the National Trust. Dorking is a commuter and retirement settlement with three railway stations and a few large offices of multinational companies. Similarly, Malden in 1911, noted the place was \"almost entirely residential and agricultural, with some lime works on the chalk, though not so extensive as those in neighbouring parishes, a little brick-making, water-mills (corn) at Pixham Mill, and timber and saw-mills\". Fine sand often in veins of pink colour, used for mortar and in glassmaking was dug, particularly in the 19th century \u2014 the Dorking Caves were accordingly excavated under southern parts of the town centre itself.\nDorking chickens with short five-toed legs are a major local breed. The town has a local government headquarters and hosts repeating loops of the FIA-ranked London-Surrey cycle classic elite category event every year.", "Q17714": "Stephen William Hawking (8 January 1942 \u2013 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death. He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009.\nHawking's scientific works included a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation, often called Hawking radiation. Hawking was the first to set out a theory of cosmology explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. He was a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.Hawking achieved commercial success with several works of popular science in which he discusses his theories and cosmology in general. His book A Brief History of Time appeared on the Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks. Hawking was a Fellow of the Royal Society, a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2002, Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.\nIn 1963, Hawking was diagnosed with an early-onset slow-progressing form of motor neurone disease (also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig's disease) that gradually paralysed him over the decades. After the loss of his speech, he was able to communicate through a speech-generating device \u2013 initially through use of a handheld switch, and eventually by using a single cheek muscle. He died on 14 March 2018 at the age of 76, after living with the disease for more than 50 years.", "Q236954": "Anna Tsuchiya (\u571f\u5c4b \u30a2\u30f3\u30ca, Tsuchiya Anna, born March 11, 1984) is a Japanese singer, actress and semi-retired model of Irish and Polish descent. Since 2005, she is primarily known as a singer.\n\n", "Q51741": "Carol Shaw (born 1955) is one of the first female game designers and programmers in the video game industry. She is best known for creating the Atari 2600 vertically scrolling shooter River Raid (1982) for Activision. She worked for Atari, Inc. from 1978-1980 where she designed multiple games including 3-D Tic-Tac-Toe (1978) and Video Checkers (1980), both for the Atari 2600. She left game development in 1984 and retired in 1990.", "Q2063048": "Rogers McVaugh (May 30, 1909 \u2013 September 24, 2009) was a research professor of botany and the UNC Herbarium's curator of Mexican plants. He was also Adjunct Research Scientist of the Hunt Institute in Carnegie Mellon University and a Professor Emeritus of botany in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. The plant genus Mcvaughia was named in his honor in 1979.", "Q164714": "Danes (Danish: danskere, pronounced [\u02c8t\u00e6nsk\u0250\u0250]) are a North Germanic ethnic group native to Denmark and a modern nation identified with the country of Denmark. This connection may be ancestral, legal, historical, or cultural. \nDanes generally regard themselves as a nationality and reserve the word \"ethnic\" for the description of recent immigrants, sometimes referred to as \"new Danes\". The contemporary Danish ethnic identity is based on the idea of \"Danishness\", which is founded on principles formed through historical cultural connections and is not based on racial heritage.", "Q85510": "Anna Mitgutsch (born October 2, 1948) is an Austrian writer and educator. Her name also appears as Waltraud Anna Mitgutsch.She was born in Linz and studied German and English literature at the University of Salzburg. Originally a Roman Catholic, Mitgutsch converted to Judaism and worked on a kibbutz in Israel. She taught at the Institute for American Studies at the University of Innsbruck and, after going to England, at the University of Hull and University of East Anglia. Next, She taught for a year in Seoul, South Korea and then at colleges and universities in the United States from 1979 until 1985, when Mitgutsch returned to Austria. She lives in Linz and divides her time between that city and Boston.Her first novel was Three Daughters (Die Z\u00fcchtigung) (1985), followed by The Other Face (Das andere Gesicht) in 1986. In 1989, she published Exclusion (Ausgrenzung) and, in 1992, In Foreign Cities (In fremden St\u00e4dten). Her novels deal with individuals facing difficulties in becoming part of a society that is indifferent or antagonistic to them. Her work also explores the connections between the present and the past. Several of her novels have been translated into English. Mitgutsch's novels often make the reader feel uncomfortable.", "Q1130154": "Gwilym Meirion Jenkins (12 August 1932 \u2013 10 July 1982) was a British statistician and systems engineer, born in Gowerton (Welsh: Treg\u0175yr), Swansea, Wales. He is most notable for his pioneering work with George Box on autoregressive moving average models, also called Box\u2013Jenkins models, in time-series analysis.\nHe earned a first class honours degree in Mathematics in 1953 followed by a Ph.D. at University College London in 1956. After graduating, he married Margaret Bellingham and together they raised three children. His first job after university was junior fellow at the Royal Aircraft Establishment. He followed this by a series of visiting lecturer and professor positions at Imperial College London, Stanford University, Princeton University, and the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, before settling in as a professor of Systems Engineering at Lancaster University in 1965. His initial work concerned discrete time domain models for chemical engineering applications.\nWhile at Lancaster, he founded and became managing director of ISCOL (International Systems Corporation of Lancaster). He remained in academia until 1974, when he left to start his own consulting company.\nHe served on the Research Section Committee and Council of the Royal Statistical Society in the 1960s, founded the Journal of Systems Engineering in 1969, and briefly carried out public duties with the Royal Treasury in the mid-1970s. He was elected to the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and the Institute of Statisticians.\nHe was a jazz and blues enthusiast and an accomplished pianist.\nHe succumbed to Hodgkin's lymphoma in 1982.", "Q218317": "Zofia Posmysz-Piasecka (n\u00e9e Posmysz; born 23 August 1923) is a Polish journalist, novelist, and author. She was a resistance fighter in World War II and survived imprisonment at the Auschwitz and Ravensbr\u00fcck concentration camps. Her autobiographical account of the Holocaust in occupied Poland Passenger from Cabin 45 became the basis for her 1962 novel Passenger, subsequently translated into 15 languages. The original radio drama was adapted for an award-winning feature film, while the novel was adapted into an opera by the same title with music by Mieczys\u0142aw Weinberg.", "Q76498": "Michael Andreas Helmuth Ende (12 November 1929 \u2013 28 August 1995) was a German writer of fantasy and children's fiction. He is best known for his epic fantasy The Neverending Story; other famous works include Momo and Jim Button and Luke the Engine Driver. His works have been translated into more than 40 languages, sold more than 35 million copies, and adapted as motion pictures, stage plays, operas and audio books. Ende is one of the most popular and famous German authors of the 20th century, mostly due to the enormous success of his children's fiction. He was not strictly a children's writer, however, as he wrote books for adults too.\nEnde's writing could be described as a surreal mixture of reality and fantasy.", "Q11403": "Samba (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u0250\u0303b\u0250] (listen)) is a Brazilian music genre and dance style, with its roots in Africa via the West African slave trade and African religious traditions, particularly of Angola and the Congo, through the samba de roda genre of the northeastern Brazilian state of Bahia, from which it derived. Although there were various forms of samba in Brazil with popular rhythms originated from African drumming and the African structures of polyrhythm of Beat and Off-Beat, Time-Line-Pattern and the elementary pulse, that are performed by different instruments of the bateria of the samba schools of the famous Samba-Enredo, that has its origins in Rio de Janeiro.\nSamba is recognized around the world as a symbol of Brazil and the Brazilian Carnival. Considered one of the most popular Brazilian cultural expressions, the samba has become an icon of Brazilian national identity.\nThe Bahian Samba de Roda (dance circle), was added to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2005. It is the main root of the samba carioca, the samba that is played and danced in Rio de Janeiro.\n\nThe modern samba that emerged at the beginning of the 20th century is predominantly in a 2/4 time signature varied with the conscious use of a sung chorus to a batucada rhythm, with various stanzas of declaratory verses. Traditionally, the samba is played by strings (cavaquinho and various types of guitar) and various percussion instruments such as tamborim. Influenced by American orchestras in vogue since the Second World War and the cultural impact of US music post-war, samba began to use trombones, trumpets, choros, flutes, and clarinets.In addition to distinct rhythms and meters, samba brings a whole historical culture of food, varied dances (miudinho, coco, samba de roda, and pernada), parties, clothes such as linen shirts, and the Naif painting of established names such as Nelson Sargento, Guilherme de Brito, and Heitor dos Prazeres. Anonymous community artists, including painters, sculptors, designers, and stylists, make the clothes, costumes, carnival floats, and cars, opening the doors of schools of samba. There is also a great tradition of ballroom samba in Brazil, with many styles. Samba de Gafieira is the style more famous in Rio de Janeiro, where common people used to go to the gafieira parties since the 1930s, and where the moves and identity of this dance emerged, getting more and more different from its African, European, and Cuban origins and influences.\nThe National Samba Day is celebrated on December 2. The date was established at the initiative of Luis Monteiro da Costa, an alderman of Salvador, in honor of Ary Barroso. He composed \"Na Baixa do sapateiro\" even though he had never been in Bahia. Thus 2 December marked the first visit of Ary Barroso to Salvador. Initially, this day was celebrated only in Salvador, but eventually it turned into a national holiday.\nSamba is a local style in Southeastern Brazil and Northeast Brazil, especially in Rio de Janeiro, S\u00e3o Paulo, Salvador and Recife. Its importance as Brazil's national music transcends region, however; samba schools, samba musicians, and carnival organizations centered on the performance of samba exist in every region of the country, even though other musical styles prevail in various regions (for instance, in Southern Brazil, Center-West Brazil, and all of the Brazilian countryside, m\u00fasica sertaneja, music of the sert\u00e3o, or Brazilian country music, is the most popular style).", "Q325082": "Charles Adams Claverie (August 28, 1949 \u2013 October 7, 2005), known by stage names Charlie Hamburger, Charlie Kennedy and Charles Rocket, was an American actor, comedian, musician, and television news reporter. He was a cast member on Saturday Night Live, played the villain Nicholas Andre in the film Dumb and Dumber, and Dave Dennison in Disney's Hocus Pocus.", "Q551558": "Callum Keith Rennie (born 14 September 1960) is a British-born Canadian television and film actor. He started his career in Canadian film and television projects, where his portrayal of Stanley Raymond Kowalski on the television series Due South was his first international success. After years acting in over 125 Canadian and international projects, he became widely known for his portrayal of the Cylon model number two Leoben Conoy on Battlestar Galactica, and following that, his role as record producer Lew Ashby on the Showtime series Californication.\nRegularly cast as a bad guy in movies (and even more often in his numerous guest appearances on American television series), Rennie's regular participation in Canadian productions gives him an opportunity to show a broader range of his acting abilities, which have been recognized by several awards.", "Q57456": "Anote Tong (simplified Chinese: \u6c64\u5b89\u8bfa; traditional Chinese: \u6e6f\u5b89\u8afe; pinyin: T\u0101ng \u0100nnu\u00f2; born 11 June 1952 in Tabuaeran, Line Islands) is a Kiribatian politician with Chinese heritage who served as President of Kiribati, a sovereign state of Micronesia, from 2003 to 2016. He won the election in July 2003 with a slim plurality of votes cast (47.4%) against his older brother, Harry Tong (43.5%) and the private lawyer Banuera Berina (9.1%). The elections were contested by the opposition, due to allegations of electoral fraud but the High Court of Tarawa had confirmed that there was no fraud. He was re-elected on 17 October 2007 for a second term (64%). In 2012, Tong was reelected for a third term, although with a significantly smaller percentage than in the previous two elections.Tong is primarily known abroad for his efforts to raise \"global awareness on the threat posed by climate change\", and was dubbed the \"Mahatma Gandhi of the Pacific\" by Grammy Award Winner Ricky Kej.\n\n", "Q827047": "Berovo (Macedonian: \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e [\u02c8b\u025br\u0254v\u0254] (listen)) is a small town near the Male\u0161evo Mountains, 161 km (100 mi) from Skopje, 47 km (29 mi) from Strumica and 52 km (32 mi) from Ko\u010dani, in North Macedonia. It is the seat of Berovo Municipality.", "Q66853": "Manegold of Lautenbach (c. 1030 \u2013 c. 1103) was a religious and polemical writer and Augustinian canon from Alsace, active mostly as a teacher in south-west Germany. William of Champeaux may have been one of his pupils, but this is disputed. He was one of the first magisters, recognised masters of theology.", "Q663552": "Baron Arisaka Nariakira (\u6709\u5742 \u6210\u7ae0, April 5, 1852 \u2013 January 12, 1915) was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army. The inventor of the Arisaka Rifle, he is regarded as one of the leading arms designers in Japanese history, alongside Kijiro Nambu.\n\n", "Q555": "Rachel Anne Maddow ( (listen), MAD-oh; born April 1, 1973) is an American television news program host and liberal political commentator. Maddow hosts The Rachel Maddow Show, a nightly television show on MSNBC, and serves as the cable network's special event co-anchor alongside Brian Williams. Her syndicated talk radio program of the same name aired on Air America Radio from 2005 to 2010.\nMaddow holds a bachelor's degree in public policy from Stanford University and a doctorate in political science from Oxford University and is the first openly lesbian anchor to host a major prime-time news program in the United States. Asked about her political views by the Valley Advocate, Maddow replied, \"I'm undoubtedly a liberal, which means that I'm in almost total agreement with the Eisenhower-era Republican party platform.\"", "Q653491": "The Central Asian musician Ari Babakhanov of Uzbekistan masters the long-necked lutes tanbur, qashqari rubab and dutar. In 1934 he was born in Bukhara into a Jewish family which can look back on an outstanding dynasty of traditional musicians. It was founded by his grandfather Levi Babakhan (1873\u20131926), the legendary court vocalist of Alim Khan, the last emir of Bukhara. Levi Babakhan's son Moshe Babakhanov (1910\u20131983) was also a famous vocalist who accompanied himself on tanbur and doira.\nIn contrary to his grandfather and father Ari Babakhanov became a pure instrumentalist. After his musical studies according to the European curriculum at the Tashkent conservatory he graduated in 1959 with the state examination. Because of the Soviet cultural politics using the customary instruments was still permitted but mainly for a European repertoire. By the discrepancy between the monophonic Uzbek music and the European polyphony this constraints led to an artificial cultural hybrid.\nIn spite of his artistic successes in Tashkent Ari Babakhanov returned to Bukhara, where he taught for the following 40 years at the music college. With the help of his father and musicians like Maarufjon Tashpulov, Najmiddin Nasriddinov und Aminjon Ismatov he gradually found back to the traditional Bukhara music, the Shashmaqam. He made it his life task to develop this art and achieved a unique contribution for keeping it by writing down an enormous number of notes and texts of Persian Poetry as well as popular Uzbek and Tajik poems. Hereby he revived a series of lost creations which had formerly belonged to the Shashmaqam repertoire. This basis inspired him to compose own instrumental pieces and songs in the traditional style of which several became very popular in Uzbekistan.\nIn 1991 he founded at the Bukhara Philharmonic Society the Shashmaqam Ensemble which grew within a few years from initially 10 to 19 members. Shortly afterwards the group under the artistic direction of Ari Babakhanov performed for the Uzbek radio and TV and established itself in the traditional music scene. In 1998 their CD Ari Babakhanov & Ensemble - Shashmaqam: The Tradition of Bukhara was published by New Samarkand Records.\nBecause the Bukharian Jewish community of Central Asia has almost dispersed by migration after Uzbekistan's independence Ari Babakhanov's family searched for new future perspectives and moved to Germany where he collaborates with the musicologist Dr. Angelika Jung in a Shashmaqam research project since 2002.", "Q134123": "Prince Kyril of Bulgaria, Prince of Preslav (Kyril Heinrich Franz Ludwig Anton Karl Philipp; 17 November 1895 \u2013 1 February 1945) was the second son of Ferdinand I of Bulgaria and his first wife Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma. He was a younger brother of Boris III of Bulgaria and a prince regent of the Kingdom of Bulgaria from 1943 to 1944.", "Q467940": "Charly Garc\u00eda (born Carlos Alberto Garc\u00eda, 23 October 1951) is an Argentine singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. With a vast and renowned career, he formed and headlined two of the most popular bands in Argentina's rock history: Sui Generis in the 1970s and Ser\u00fa Gir\u00e1n in the 1980s, plus cult status groups like progressive-rock act La M\u00e1quina de Hacer P\u00e1jaros and folk rock supergroup PorSuiGieco, both also in the 1970s. Since the 1980s Garc\u00eda has worked mostly as a solo musician. His main instrument is the piano, followed by guitar and keyboards.\nGarc\u00eda is widely considered by critics as one of the most influential rock artists in South America, and (together with Luis Alberto Spinetta) as \"The Father of Argentinian Rock\".Garc\u00eda is also well known for his bicolor moustache, with one side white, due to vitiligo.", "Q43423": "Aesop ( EE-sop; c. 620 \u2013 564 BCE) was a Greek fabulist and storyteller credited with a number of fables now collectively known as Aesop's Fables. Although his existence remains unclear and no writings by him survive, numerous tales credited to him were gathered across the centuries and in many languages in a storytelling tradition that continues to this day. Many of the tales are characterized by animals and inanimate objects that speak, solve problems, and generally have human characteristics.\nScattered details of Aesop's life can be found in ancient sources, including Aristotle, Herodotus, and Plutarch. An ancient literary work called The Aesop Romance tells an episodic, probably highly fictional version of his life, including the traditional description of him as a strikingly ugly slave (\u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2) who by his cleverness acquires freedom and becomes an adviser to kings and city-states. Older spellings of his name have included Esop(e) and Isope. Depictions of Aesop in popular culture over the last 2500 years have included many works of art and his appearance as a character in numerous books, films, plays, and television programs.", "Q179023": "The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies, protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward. A distinction is generally made between the \"First French Colonial Empire,\" that existed until 1814, by which time most of it had been lost or sold, and the \"Second French Colonial Empire\", which began with the conquest of Algiers in 1830. At its apex, the Second French colonial empire was one of the largest empires in history. Including metropolitan France, the total amount of land under French sovereignty reached 11,500,000 km2 (4,400,000 sq mi) in 1920, with a population of 110 million people in 1939.\nThe main competition included Spain, Portugal, the Dutch United Provinces and England and later Great Britain. France began to establish colonies in North America, the Caribbean and India in the 17th century but lost most of its conquests following its defeat in the Seven Years' War. The North American holdings were ceded to Britain and Spain but the later retroceded Louisiana (New France) back to France in 1800 . The territory was then sold to the United States in 1803 (Louisiana Purchase). France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1850, concentrating chiefly in Africa as well as Indochina and the South Pacific. Republicans, at first hostile to empire, only became supportive when Germany after 1880 started to build its own colonial empire. As it developed, the new French empire took on roles of trade with the motherland, supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items. Rebuilding an empire rebuilt French prestige, especially regarding international power and spreading the French language and the Catholic religion. It also provided manpower in the World Wars.A major goal was the Mission civilisatrice or \"The Civilizing Mission\". 'Civilizing' the populations of Africa through spreading language and religion, were used as justifications for many of the brutal practices that came with the French colonial project. In 1884, the leading proponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry, declared; \"The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior races.\" Full citizenship rights \u2013 assimilation \u2013 were offered, although in reality \"assimilation was always receding [and] the colonial populations treated like subjects not citizens.\" France sent small numbers of settlers to its empire, with the notable exception of Algeria, where the French settlers took power while being a minority.\nIn World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French took control of the overseas colonies one-by-one and used them as bases from which they prepared to liberate France. Historian Tony Chafer argues: \"In an effort to restore its world-power status after the humiliation of defeat and occupation, France was eager to maintain its overseas empire at the end of the Second World War.\" However, after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge European authority. Major revolts in Indochina and Algeria proved very expensive and France lost both colonies. Then followed a relatively peaceful decolonization elsewhere after 1960. The French constitution of 27 October 1946 (Fourth Republic), established the French Union which endured until 1958. Newer remnants of the colonial empire were integrated into France as overseas departments and territories within the French Republic. These now total altogether 119,394 km\u00b2 (46,098 sq. miles), with 2.7 million people in 2013. By the 1970s, says Robert Aldrich, the last \"vestiges of empire held little interest for the French.\" He argues, \"Except for the traumatic decolonization of Algeria, however, what is remarkable is how few long-lasting effects on France the giving up of empire entailed.\"", "Q80468": "Robert Nance Haskell (August 24, 1903 \u2013 December 3, 1987, Bangor) was a Maine state senator and the 65th Governor of Maine for five days in 1959.\nHaskell graduated from the University of Maine with an engineering degree in 1925. He became a design engineer with the Bangor Hydro-Electric Company, and rose to president of the company in 1958. He was elected as a Republican to the Maine House of Representatives in 1945. After serving one term, he was elected to the Maine Senate in 1947, and served five terms, including two as majority leader and two as president of the Senate. He was nicknamed \"Slide Rule Bob\" for his mathematical abilities.\nOn January 2, 1959, outgoing Governor Edmund Muskie resigned before the end of his term to take his seat in the United States Senate. Haskell was sworn in as Governor to fill the five-day period until the inauguration of Clinton Clauson. With Clauson's death later in the year, Haskell was the second of four governors Maine had in 1959.\nHaskell then left politics, but continued to lead the Bangor Hydro-Electric Company, as well as serving as a bank board chairman and a trustee of the University of Maine. He died in 1987.\nHe was not closely related to Nathaniel M. Haskell, who had served a brief term six years before as Maine's Governor due to being Senate President.", "Q98227": "Alban Isidor Stolz (3 February 1808, B\u00fchl, Grand Duchy of Baden \u2013 16 October 1883) was a German Roman Catholic theologian and popular author.", "Q72826": "Henri Nannen (25 December 1913 in Emden \u2013 13 October 1996 in Hanover) was a German journalist and wartime Nazi propagandist. He became one of the most prominent journalists and magazine publishers in Germany.\nHis father was a police officer in Emden who was removed from his post by the NSDAP. After a one-year book dealer apprenticeship he studied the history of art at the University of Munich. In the 1930s he started working as a journalist. During the war he served in SS-Standarte Kurt Eggers, a propaganda unit in Italy. Being large, well-built and fair haired, he corresponded to the racial ideals of the time in Germany. This made him the speaker of the Olympic Oath during the 1936 event in Berlin - for Riefenstahl's film, but not in reality. Many years after the war, he confessed that \"I knew what was happening ... but I was too cowardly to do something against it.\" He got back to journalism while working for the Hannoverschen Neusten Nachrichten, the daily newspaper Abendpost and the youth newspaper Zickzack.\nHe was the founder of Gruner + Jahr publishing house and the news magazine Der Stern. He led the magazine from 1948 to 1980 to become one of the strongest in Europe. Gruner + Jahr is the largest publisher in Europe as of 2014.\nNannen gained popularity as an art collector and benefactor of the Kunsthalle in Emden, an art museum, that he built in 1983. The annual Henri Nannen Prizes are awarded in his honor by Gruner + Jahr. The Henri-Nannen-Schule (formerly Hamburger Journalistenschule), is the journalist school of Gruner + Jahr and is considered one of the best schools of journalism in Germany, along with the German School of Journalism (Deutsche Journalistenschule) in Munich.He was married to Eske Nannen, (born 1942), a former actress. Henri Nannen has a son Christian Nannen (born 1946), co-owner of Hamburg suitcase-producer Travelite.", "Q1230852": "The native form of this personal name is Pataki \u00c1gi. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.\n\u00c1gi Pataki (born \u00c1gnes Pataki, September 5, 1951) is a Hungarian model and film producer. She was featured in posters for the K\u0151b\u00e1nya Pharmaceuticals' Fabulon product line for about two decades. She also appeared in promotions for brands such as Pepsi, Philip Morris, L'Or\u00e9al Professionnel, and Semperit. In 2019, at age 67, she became the poster face of Helia-D's Cell Concept anti-wrinkle product line.", "Q151977": "Scrooge is a 1935 British Christmas fantasy film directed by Henry Edwards and starring Seymour Hicks, Donald Calthrop and Robert Cochran. Hicks appears as Ebenezer Scrooge, the miser who hates Christmas. It was the first sound version of the Charles Dickens classic A Christmas Carol, not counting a 1928 short subject that now appears to be lost. Hicks had previously played the role of Scrooge on the stage many times beginning in 1901, and again in a 1913 British silent film version.", "Q86019": "Dirk Elbers (born 11 December 1959) German politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union.\nAfter the death of Lord Mayor Joachim Erwin, who died in office, on 2 June 2008 Elbers was a candidate for the CDU to become mayor. The election took place on 31 August 2008. Dirk Elbers won this election on the first ballot with 59.7% of the vote against his candidate against Karin Kortmann from the SPD. The turnout was around 38%.", "Q136734": "The Gendarme and the Extra-Terrestrials (French: Le Gendarme et Les Extra-Terrestres) is a continuation of the Gendarme series starring Louis de Fun\u00e8s. It is also known as The Gendarme and the Creatures from Outer Space and is followed by one more instalment: Le gendarme et les gendarmettes", "Q523870": "Elsie Worthington Clews Parsons (November 27, 1875 \u2013 December 19, 1941) was an American anthropologist, sociologist, folklorist, and feminist who studied Native American tribes\u2014such as the Tewa and Hopi\u2014in Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. She helped found The New School. She was associate editor for The Journal of American Folklore (1918\u20131941), president of the American Folklore Society (1919\u20131920), president of the American Ethnological Society (1923\u20131925), and was elected the first female president of the American Anthropological Association (1941) right before her death.She earned her bachelor's degree from Barnard College in 1896. She received her master\u2019s degree (1897) and Ph.D. (1899) from Columbia University.Every other year, the American Ethnological Society awards the Elsie Clews Parsons Prize for the best graduate student essay, in her honor.", "Q992830": "Santa Clara University is a private Jesuit university in Santa Clara, California, with about 5,400 undergraduate students and about 3,300 postgraduate students. Established in 1851, Santa Clara University is the oldest operating institution of higher learning in California and has remained in its original location for 168 years. The university's campus surrounds the historic Mission Santa Clara de Asis which traces its founding to 1776. The campus mirrors the Mission's architectural style and provides a fine early example of Mission Revival architecture. The university is classified as a \"Doctoral/Professional\" university by Carnegie Classification.The university offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees through its six colleges, the School of Arts and Sciences, School of Education and Counseling Psychology, Leavey School of Business, School of Engineering, Jesuit School of Theology, and School of Law.\nAmong Santa Clara's alumni are governors, congressmen, mayors, senators, and presidential cabinet members. Santa Clara alumni founded Nvidia and Farmer's Insurance, and created JavaScript. Santa Clara's alumni have won a number of honors, including Pulitzer Prizes, the NBA MVP Award, and induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Santa Clara alumni have served as mayors of San Francisco, Los Angeles, Oakland, San Jose, and Washington, DC. The two most recent Governors of California attended Santa Clara.\nSanta Clara's sports teams are called the Broncos. Their colors are red and white. The Broncos compete at the NCAA Division I levels as members of the West Coast Conference in 19 sports. Broncos have won NCAA championships in both men's and women's soccer. Santa Clara's student athletes include current or former 58 MLB, 40 NFL, and 12 NBA players and 13 Olympic gold medalists.", "Q1045": "Somalia ( s\u0259-MAH-lee-\u0259; Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u200e, romanized: a\u1e63-\u1e62\u016bm\u0101l), officially the Federal Republic of Somalia (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Arabic: \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u200e, romanized: Jumh\u016br\u012byat a\u1e63-\u1e62\u016bm\u0101l al-Itihadiya) is a sovereign country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Guardafui Channel and Somali Sea to the east, and Kenya to the southwest. The country claims a border with Djibouti through the disputed territory of Somaliland. Somalia has the longest coastline on Africa's mainland, and its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains, and highlands. Climatically, hot conditions prevail year-round, with periodic monsoon winds and irregular rainfall.Somalia has an estimated population of around 15 million and has been described as the most culturally homogeneous country in Africa. Around 85% of its residents are ethnic Somalis, who have historically inhabited the northern part of the country. Ethnic minorities are largely concentrated in the southern regions. The official languages of Somalia are Somali and Arabic. Most people in the country are Muslims, the majority of whom belong to the Sunni sect of Islam.In antiquity, Somalia was an important commercial centre. It is among the most probable locations of the fabled ancient Land of Punt. During the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade, including the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Warsangali Sultanate, and the Sultanate of the Geledi. The toponym Somalia was coined by the Italian explorer Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti (1855\u20131926).In the late 19th century, Somalia was colonized by European powers, first by Germany, and then later by Britain and Italy when the Germans abandoned their efforts in 1890. The British and Italians established the colonies of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland, respectively. In the interior, Mohammed Abdullah Hassan's Darwiish repelled the British four times, forcing a retreat to the coast, before succumbing in the Somaliland campaign (1920). Italy acquired full control of the northeastern, central, and southern parts of the area after successfully waging the Campaign of the Sultanates against the ruling Majeerteen Sultanate and Sultanate of Hobyo. In 1960, the two regions united to form the independent Somali Republic under a civilian government.The Supreme Revolutionary Council seized power in 1969 and established the Somali Democratic Republic, which collapsed 22 years later, in 1991, with the onset of the Somali Civil War. During this period most regions returned to customary and religious law. In the early 2000s, a number of interim federal administrations were created. The Transitional National Government (TNG) was established in 2000, followed by the formation of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) in 2004, which reestablished the military. In 2006, the TFG assumed control of most of the nation's southern conflict zones from the newly formed Islamic Courts Union (ICU). The ICU subsequently splintered into more radical groups such as Al-Shabaab, which battled the TFG and its AMISOM allies for control of the region.By mid-2012, the insurgents had lost most of the territory that they had seized, and a search for more permanent democratic institutions began. A new provisional constitution was passed in August 2012, which reformed Somalia as a federation. The same month, the Federal Government of Somalia was formed and a period of reconstruction began in Mogadishu. Somalia has maintained an informal economy, mainly based on livestock, remittances from Somalis working abroad, and telecommunications. It is a member of the United Nations, the Arab League, African Union, Non-Aligned Movement, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.", "Q158006": "Jaworzno [ja\u02c8v\u0254\u0290n\u0254] is a city in southern Poland, near Katowice. It lies in the Silesian Highlands, on the Przemsza river (a tributary of the Vistula). Jaworzno belongs to the historic province of Lesser Poland. The city is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999, previously (1975\u20131999) it was in Katowice Voivodeship. Jaworzno is one of the cities of the 2,7 million conurbation \u2013 Katowice urban area and within a greater Silesian metropolitan area populated by about 5,294,000 people. The population of the city is 91,563 (2018).\n\n", "Q984061": "Sam Houser (born 1971) is a British video game producer and voice actor. He is the co-founder and president of Rockstar Games and one of the creative driving forces behind the games in the Grand Theft Auto franchise, being producer since the third game. He is responsible for taking GTA into the 3D-environment era, creating realistic cities under fully 3D-engines and turning the series into huge profits during video gaming's sixth-generation era.", "Q6337803": "A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist who has specialised knowledge in the field of neuroscience, the branch of biology that deals with the physiology, biochemistry, anatomy and molecular biology of neurons and neural circuits and especially their association with behaviour and learning.\n\nNeuroscientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting. In research-oriented careers, neuroscientists typically spend their time designing and carrying out scientific experiments that contribute to the understanding of the nervous system and its function. They can engage in basic or applied research. Basic research seeks to add information to our current understanding of the nervous system, whereas applied research seeks to address a specific problem, such as developing a treatment for a neurological disorder. Biomedically-oriented neuroscientists typically engage in applied research. Neuroscientists also have a number of career opportunities outside the realm of research, including careers in industry, science writing, government program management, science advocacy, and education. These individuals most commonly hold doctorate degrees in the sciences, but may also hold a master's degree.\nThe Neuroscientists day is celebrated on August 13.", "Q101173": "Alexander Raake (born in D\u00fcsseldorf in 1971) is a professor heading the Audiovisual Technology Group at Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau since 2015.", "Q938826": "Tetsuo Hamuro (\u8449\u5ba4 \u9435\u592b, Hamuro Tetsuo, 7 September 1917 \u2013 30 October 2005) was a Japanese breaststroke swimmer. In 1935 he set a world record in the 200 m. Next year he won the gold medal in this event at the 1936 Olympics, setting a new Olympic record at 2:41.5. Hamuro swam the traditional breaststroke, while some of his competitors used the butterfly stroke, which was allowed at the time. Between 1935 and 1940 Hamuro never lost a race and won ten national breaststroke titles. After World War II he worked for the Mainichi newspaper as a sports journalist. In 1990, he was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.Hamuro's wife was also a swimmer and a world champion in the masters category.", "Q65369": "Buseno is a municipality in the Moesa Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q1041034": "Lecrae Devaughn Moore (born October 9, 1979), mononymously known as Lecrae, is an American Christian hip hop recording artist, songwriter, record producer, and actor. He is the president, co-owner and co-founder of the independent record label Reach Records, and was the co-founder and president of the now-defunct non-profit organization ReachLife Ministries. To date, he has released nine studio albums and three mixtapes as a solo artist, and has released three studio albums, a remix album, one EP, and numerous singles as the leader of the hip hop group 116 Clique. He produced much of his earlier material along with other early Reach Records releases. Lecrae, in reference to his label as a Christian rapper, has stated that his music is just hip hop, though it reflects his Christian faith. In May 2016, Lecrae signed to Columbia Records in a joint deal between his label and Columbia.\nLecrae's debut recording, Real Talk, was released in 2004 through Reach Records. His third solo album, Rebel, released in 2008, became the first Christian hip hop album to reach No. 1 on the Billboard Gospel chart. Rehab followed in 2010, and Lecrae began attracting mainstream attention when he performed at the 2011 BET Hip Hop Awards Cypher and appeared on the Statik Selektah song \"Live & Let Live\" from Population Control. On May 10, 2012, Lecrae released his first mixtape, Church Clothes, which was hosted by DJ Don Cannon. Considered his breakthrough into mainstream hip hop, the mixtape was downloaded over 100,000 times in less than 48 hours. His sixth studio album, Gravity, came out on September 4, 2012, and has been called the most important album in Christian hip hop history by Rapzilla and Atlanta Daily World. The album debuted as the best-selling album overall in the iTunes Store, No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and won the Grammy Award for Best Gospel Album at the 2013 Grammy Awards, marking the first time that a hip hop artist received this award. Lecrae released his seventh album, Anomaly, on September 9, 2014. It debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 with 88,587 copies sold through the first week, the first album to top both the Billboard 200 and the Gospel chart simultaneously. He released a third mixtape, Church Clothes 3, on January 15, 2016, an eight studio album, All Things Work Together, on September 22, 2017, and a ninth studio album, Let the Trap Say Amen, a collaborative project with Zaytoven, on June 22, 2018.\nLecrae received nominations for Artist of the Year at the 43rd, 44th, 45th, and 46th GMA Dove Awards, the last of which he won, and for Best Gospel Artist at the 2013 and 2015 BET Awards, the latter of which he won, a first for a rap artist. Lecrae's filmography includes a role in the television film A Cross to Bear (2012) and brief roles in the comedy film Believe Me (2014) and crime film Superfly (2018). In the social sphere, Lecrae has advocated for the preservation of responsibility and fatherhood as a value among men in the United States, and in 2013 partnered with Dwyane Wade and Joshua DuBois in the multimedia initiative This Is Fatherhood as part of the Obama administration's Fatherhood and Mentoring Initiative. He has also presented on and written about racial tension and injustice in the United States.", "Q3731683": "Erik F. Buell (born April 2, 1950, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is the founder, former Chairman and Chief Technical Officer of the Buell Motorcycle Company, which eventually merged with Harley-Davidson Corp. Buell is a pioneer of modern race motorcycle technology. Buell is also the founder of Erik Buell Racing.", "Q90690": "Necla Kelek (pronounced [\u02c8ned\u0292\u026ba \u02c8kelek]; born December 31, 1957) is a Turkish-born German feminist and social scientist, holding a doctorate in this field, originally from Turkey. She gave lectures on migration sociology at the Evangelische Fachhochschule f\u00fcr Sozialp\u00e4dagogik (Protestant Institute for Social Education) in Hamburg from 1999 until 2004.", "Q117711": "Oskar Leimgruber (5 July 1886 in Fribourg, Switzerland \u2013 19 July 1976) was a Swiss Politician from the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP).\nAfter having studied at Fribourg and at Schwytz, he pursued legal studies at the Universities of Fribourg, Bern, and Vienna, obtaining his doctorate in 1911.\nLeimgruber had many different jobs, among them journalist at La Libert\u00e9 and at Freiburger Zeitung, adjunct director of the museum of arts and occupations, and cantonal secretary of arts and occupations, as well as lawyer.\nIn 1912, he became a jurist for Swiss Federal Railways and also at Bern. In 1919, he became simultaneously member of the central committee of the CVP and secretary of the federal department of the postal services and railways, where he worked as general secretary. Named Vice-Chancellor in 1925, he created the Federal printed matter and materials center. Leimgruber represented Switzerland at numerous international conferences.\nIn 1923 he founded the International SME Union as well as the International Management Institute in Brussels, over which he presided. He has written extensively on issues of the economy, administration, sociology and jurisprudence.\nIn 1934 Leimgruber was defeated by Bovet in a close election for a new Federal Chancellor. However, nine years later he was elected to the post. He was the first Chancellor belonging to the Catholic Conservatives. Leimgruber introduced simultaneous translation of speeches in the National Council. For the centenary in 1948, he was the co-editor of the book Emblem, seals and constitutions of the Swiss Confederation and the cantons and Adjusted collection of federal laws and regulations from 1848 to 1947. He resigned in 1951 and died in Bern in 1976.\n\n", "Q118422": "Gaius Julius Priscus (fl. 3rd century) was a Roman soldier and member of the Praetorian Guard in the reign of Gordian III.\nPriscus was born in the Roman province of Syria, possibly in Damascus, son of a Julius Marinus a local Roman citizen, possibly of some importance. The name of his mother is unknown, but his brother was Marcus Julius Philippus, later the Roman Emperor known as \"Philip the Arab\". \nPriscus was probably older than Philip, since the latter's political career was pushed by the former's own influence. According to several inscriptions, Priscus was Praefectus of the province of Mesopotamia a frontier province at the border of Persia, therefore highly militarized. He was the Procurator of Macedonia, second in command to Egypt's governor and held judicial responsibilities in Alexandria. Priscus became a member of the Praetorian Guard around 242 during Gordian III Persian campaign, and, when Timesitheus \u2013 the praetorian prefect \u2013 died in 243, he convinced the young emperor to substitute him with his own brother Philip. For a year, Priscus and Philip served as de facto regents of Gordian III. \nWhen Gordian was killed by mutinous soldiers in 244, Priscus' brother Philippus became the new emperor. As his brother and trusted ally, Priscus remained in the East, while Philip travelled to Rome. Priscus held supreme power in the Eastern provinces and was referred to in inscriptions as Rector Orientis. His rule was severe and oppressive. Following his brother's directives, Priscus collected heavy taxes that eventually led to rebellion and the uprising of Jotapianus, one of the four usurpers reported for Philip's reign. Apparently, Priscus managed to control this rebellion. Nothing is known on Priscus after the outbreak of Jotapianus' revolt and the facts surrounding his death are lost to history.", "Q64077": "Wil is the capital of the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.\nWil is the third largest city in the Canton of St. Gallen, after the city of St. Gallen and Rapperswil-Jona, a twin city that merged in 2006. The municipality of Bronschhofen merged into Wil on 1 January 2013. After the merger the Community Identification Number changed from 3425 to 3427.In 1984, Wil was awarded the Wakker Prize for the development and preservation of its architectural heritage.", "Q1261348": "Phillip Goodhand-Tait (born 3 January 1945, Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England) is an English singer-songwriter, record producer and keyboard player.", "Q339440": "Gary U.S. Bonds (born Gary Levone Anderson, June 6, 1939) is an American rhythm and blues and rock and roll singer, known for his classic hits \"New Orleans\" and \"Quarter to Three\".", "Q141557": "Les Cousins is a 1959 French New Wave drama film directed by Claude Chabrol. It tells the story of two cousins, the decadent Paul and the naive Charles. Charles falls in love with Florence, one of Paul's friends. It won the Golden Bear at the 9th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q338986": "Fred Chase Koch (; September 23, 1900 \u2013 November 17, 1967) was an American chemical engineer and entrepreneur who founded the oil refinery firm that later became Koch Industries, a privately held company which, under the principal ownership and leadership of Koch's sons Charles and David, was listed by Forbes in 2015 as the second-largest privately held company in the United States.\n\n", "Q448948": "Billy Rose (born William Samuel Rosenberg, September 6, 1899 \u2013 February 10, 1966) was an American impresario, theatrical showman and lyricist. For years both before and after World War II, Billy Rose was a major force in entertainment, with shows such as Billy Rose's Crazy Quilt (1931), Jumbo (1935), Billy Rose's Aquacade (1937), and Carmen Jones (1943). As a lyricist, he is credited with many famous songs, notably \"Me and My Shadow\" (1927), \"More Than You Know\" (1929), \"Without a Song\" (1929), \"It Happened in Monterrey\" (1930) and \"It's Only a Paper Moon\" (1933).Despite his accomplishments, Rose may be best known today as the husband of famed comedian and singer Fanny Brice (1891\u20131951).", "Q161687": "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is a 2009 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 2005 novel of the same name. The film, which is the sixth instalment in the Harry Potter film series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman and David Barron. The story follows Harry Potter's sixth year at Hogwarts as he receives a mysterious textbook, falls in love, and attempts to retrieve a memory that holds the key to Lord Voldemort's downfall.\nThe film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix and is followed by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 1. Filming began on 24 September 2007, leading to the film's worldwide cinematic release on 15 July 2009, one day short of the fourth anniversary of the corresponding novel's release. With an estimated budget of $250 million, it is the 15th most expensive film ever made and the most expensive film in the Harry Potter film series. The film was simultaneously released in regular cinemas and IMAX 3D everywhere except North America, where its IMAX release was delayed for two weeks.Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince premiered in London on 7 July 2009 and was released theatrically worldwide on 15 July. The film was a major commercial success, breaking the record for the biggest single-day worldwide gross. In five days the film made $394 million, breaking the record for highest five-day worldwide gross. With a total gross of $934 million, it became the 8th-highest-grossing film of all time and 2009's second-highest-grossing film (behind Avatar). It is the fifth-highest-grossing film in the franchise.\nThe film received positive reviews, with praise for Yates's direction and the performances, Delbonnel's cinematography, musical score, and \"emotionally satisfying\" story. The film was nominated at the 82nd Academy Awards for Best Cinematography and the 63rd British Academy Film Awards for Best Special Visual Effects and Best Production Design.\n\n", "Q74264": "Henning Schwarz (24 October 1928 \u2013 13 April 1993) was a German politician of the German party CDU.", "Q332515": "The Others (Spanish: Los Otros) is a 2001 English-language Spanish gothic supernatural psychological horror film. It was written, directed, and scored by Alejandro Amen\u00e1bar. It stars Nicole Kidman, Fionnula Flanagan, Christopher Eccleston, Elaine Cassidy, Eric Sykes, Alakina Mann and James Bentley.\nThe Others was theatrically released in the United States on August 2, 2001, by Dimension Films and in Spain on September 7, 2001, by Warner Sogefilms. The film was a box-office success, grossing over $209.9 million worldwide and received positive reviews from critics, with many praising Amen\u00e1bar's direction and screenplay, as well as the musical score, atmosphere and Kidman's performance.\nThe film won seven Goya Awards, including awards for Best Film and Best Director. This was the first English-language film ever to receive the Best Film Award at the Goyas (Spain's national film awards), without a single word of Spanish spoken in it. The Others was nominated for six Saturn Awards including Best Director and Best Writing for Amen\u00e1bar and Best Performance by a Younger Actor for Alakina Mann, and won three: Best Horror Film, Best Actress for Kidman and Best Supporting Actress for Fionnula Flanagan. Kidman was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in Drama and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, with Amen\u00e1bar being nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay, a rare occurrence for a horror film.", "Q7303657": "Red Army Military Law Academy (later Soviet Army Military Law Academy) (Russian: \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0438 (\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0438)) (November 5, 1939 \u2013 May 18, 1956) was formed the base of the Military Law Department of the All-Union Law Academy.\nIt was then transformed into the Military Law Department of the Military Political Academy, and was eventually inherited by the Russian Federation Defense Ministry Military University.", "Q509900": "Santiago Segura Silva (born 17 July 1965 in Madrid) is a Spanish actor, screenwriter, director and producer of Spanish cinema, popular for its pentalogy film series Torrente. He also worked to a lesser extent as a TV presenter, voice actor and comic writer, as well as being an original collector.\nAt 12, he began making films with a Super-8 camera, and, after a recommendation from Fernando Trueba, began to make films in 35 mm, funded by his appearances in TV game shows. Fame would come with his first feature, Torrente, el brazo tonto de la ley, to be followed by numerous sequels that would make it the highest grossing Spanish film series.", "Q3072287": "Raimo Ilaskivi (born 26 May 1928 in Ruokolahti) is a Finnish politician. He holds a doctorate degree in political science from the University of Helsinki and has also studied in the United States and in the United Kingdom. He was born as Raimo H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen but changed his surname to Ilaskivi in 1947.Ilaskivi is best known as the Lord Mayor of Helsinki from 1979 to 1991. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland between 1962\u20131975 representing the National Coalition Party, a member of the European Parliament during 1996\u20131999, and a presidential candidate in the 1994 presidential election. Ilaskivi held the position of docent of economics at the University of Helsinki from 1959 to 1979 acting as a senior lecturer. He was the managing director of the Finnish Banker's Association, the Industrial Bank of Finland, and the Helsinki Stock Exchange. In addition, he has held management positions in several Finnish companies.\nBetween 1999\u20132009 Ilaskivi was Chancellor of the Ordo Sancti Constantini Magni and afterwards he has served as Deputy Master. Ilaskivi is also the author of eight books in the field of economics and politics. He has received multiple high awards and decorations both from Finland and foreign countries.", "Q103764": "Jutta Steinruck (born 1 September 1962) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists. From 2009 until 2017, she served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) representing Germany.", "Q145731": "Luckytown is a 2000 film starring Kirsten Dunst, Vincent Kartheiser, Luis Guzm\u00e1n, and James Caan. The film was written by Brendan Beseth, and produced and directed by Paul Nicolas.\n\n", "Q707759": "John Carroll Lynch (born August 1, 1963) is an American character actor and film director. He first gained notice for his role as Norm Gunderson in Fargo. He is also known for his television work on the ABC sitcom The Drew Carey Show as the title character's cross-dressing brother, Steve Carey, as well as on American Horror Story: Freak Show and American Horror Story: Cult as Twisty the Clown. He returned to American Horror Story as a series regular, in American Horror Story: 1984, to portray Benjamin Richter, also known as Mr. Jingles, the main killer of the season.\nHis films include Face/Off, Gran Torino, Shutter Island, Ted 2, The Invitation, and Zodiac. He also portrayed McDonald's co-founder Maurice McDonald in The Founder. He made his directorial debut with the 2017 film Lucky.", "Q49683": "The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that lasted from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and Austria. The state was founded by the Lithuanians, a polytheistic Baltic tribe from Auk\u0161taitija.The Grand Duchy expanded to include large portions of the former Kievan Rus' and other neighbouring states, including what is now Belarus and parts of Ukraine, Latvia, Poland and Russia. At its greatest extent, in the 15th century, it was the largest state in Europe. It was a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional state, with great diversity in languages, religion, and cultural heritage.\nThe consolidation of the Lithuanian lands began in the late 12th century. Mindaugas, the first ruler of the Grand Duchy, was crowned as Catholic King of Lithuania in 1253. The pagan state was targeted in the religious crusade by the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Order. The multi-ethnic and multi-confessional state emerged only at the late reign of Gediminas and continued to expand under his son Algirdas. Algirdas's successor Jogaila signed the Union of Krewo in 1386, bringing two major changes in the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: conversion to Catholicism and establishment of a dynastic union between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.The reign of Vytautas the Great marked both the greatest territorial expansion of the Grand Duchy and the defeat of the Teutonic Knights in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410. It also marked the rise of the Lithuanian nobility. After Vytautas's death, Lithuania's relationship with the Kingdom of Poland greatly deteriorated. Lithuanian noblemen, including the Radvila family (Radziwi\u0142\u0142s), attempted to break the personal union with Poland. However, unsuccessful wars with the Grand Duchy of Moscow forced the union to remain intact.\nEventually, the Union of Lublin of 1569 created a new state, the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth. In the Federation, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania maintained its political distinctiveness and had separate ministries, laws, army, and treasury. The federation was terminated by the passing of the Constitution of 3 May 1791, when there was supposed to be now a single country, the Commonwealth of Poland, under one monarch, one parliament and no Lithuanian autonomy. Shortly afterward, the unitary character of the state was confirmed by adopting the Reciprocal Guarantee of Two Nations.\nHowever, the newly-reformed Commonwealth was invaded by Russia in 1792 and partitioned between neighbouring states. A truncated state (whose principal cities were Krak\u00f3w, Warsaw and Vilnius) remained that was nominally independent. After the Ko\u015bciuszko Uprising, the territory was completely partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and Austria in 1795.\n\n", "Q261159": "Kay Taylor Parker (born 28 August 1944) is a metaphysical counselor and mentor. She is the author of an autobiography Taboo: Sacred, Don't Touch which chronicles her life including her work as an actress in adult films.", "Q173283": "Silvio Moser (24 April 1941 \u2013 26 May 1974) was a racing driver from Switzerland.", "Q689160": "B.T. Express (originally named Brooklyn Transit Express) was an American funk/disco group, that had a number of successful songs during the 1970s.\n\n", "Q153153": "Simone Renant (19 March 1911 \u2013 29 March 2004) was a French film actress. She appeared in 43 films between 1934 and 1983. She was born in Amiens, France and died in Garches, France.", "Q276425": "Billy Boyd (born 28 August 1968) is a Scottish actor and musician. He played Peregrin \"Pippin\" Took in Peter Jackson's epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings (2001\u20132003), Barret Bonden in Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003) and Glen in Seed of Chucky.", "Q92087": "Matthias H\u00f6fs (born 1965 in L\u00fcbeck, Germany) is a German trumpeter.", "Q531247": "Raymond Edwin Mabus Jr. (born October 11, 1948) is an American politician, diplomat, and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 75th United States Secretary of the Navy from 2009 to 2017. Mabus previously served as the State Auditor of Mississippi from 1984 to 1988, as the 60th Governor of Mississippi from 1988 to 1992 and as the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 1996.\n\n", "Q76473": "The University of Southampton (abbreviated as Soton in post-nominal letters) is a research university in Southampton, England. The university's origins date back to the founding of the Hartley Institution in 1862. In 1902, the Institution developed into the Hartley University College, awarding degrees from the University of London. On 29 April 1952, the institution was granted full university status, allowing it to award its own degrees.\nThe university has seven teaching campuses. The main campus is located in the Highfield area of Southampton and is supplemented by four other campuses within the city: Avenue Campus housing the Faculty of Humanities, the National Oceanography Centre housing courses in Ocean and Earth Sciences, Southampton General Hospital offering courses in Medicine and Health Sciences, and Boldrewood Campus housing an engineering and maritime technology campus and Lloyd's Register. In addition, the university operates a School of Art based in nearby Winchester and an international branch in Malaysia offering courses in Engineering. Each campus is equipped with its own library facilities. Southampton is a founding member of the Russell Group of research-intensive universities in Britain, it is also affiliated to the Port-City University League of universities in major port cities and the Worldwide Universities Network.\nIn the 2019/20 international university rankings, Southampton ranked 97th (QS World University Rankings), 122nd (Times Higher Education World University Rankings), 114th (CWTS Leiden Ranking) and 101\u2013150 (Academic Ranking of World Universities). In the 2014 Research Excellence Framework, the university was ranked 18th in the United Kingdom for average quality of research submitted, 11th for research power and 8th for research intensity. The University of Southampton currently has 15,790 undergraduate and 6,925 postgraduate students, making it the largest university by higher education students in the South East region. The University of Southampton Students' Union, provides support, representation and social activities for the students ranging from involvement in the Union's four media outlets, to any of the 200 affiliated societies and 80 sports. The university owns and operates a sports ground for use by students and also operates a sports centre on the main campus.", "Q769080": "Augusto Alguer\u00f3 Dasca (23 February 1934 \u2013 16 January 2011) was a Spanish arranger, composer and music director.Alguer\u00f3 was born in Barcelona, and studied both music and medicine. Among his most famous cover songs are \"Pen\u00e9lope\", which was performed by Joan Manuel Serrat, as well as \"Noelia\" (Nino Bravo), \"T\u00f3mbola\" (Marisol) and \"La chica y\u00e9-y\u00e9\" (Concha Velasco).In 1961, Alguer\u00f3 wrote the debut entry of Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest, \"Estando contigo\" by Conchita Bautista.\nHe was the musical director for the 1969 Eurovision Song Contest, which was held in Madrid. He also conducted \"Catherine\", sung by Romuald Figuier, representing Luxembourg and \"Vivo Cantando\", sung by Salom\u00e9, representing Spain. \"Vivo Cantando\" tied for first place with other three songs with 18 points. This win marked Spain's second win in the contest and the first time a country wins two years in a row.\nIn all, during the course of his career, Alguer\u00f3 wrote more than 500 songs and about 200 musical scores for films and television.Alguer\u00f3 died at his home in Torremolinos, at the age of 76, after suffering a heart attack.", "Q1159109": "Daniel A. Lilker (born October 18, 1964 in Bayside, Queens, New York) is an American semi-retired musician best known as a bass player, but also guitarist, pianist, drummer and vocalist. He is the bassist for the thrash metal band Nuclear Assault and was a founding member of Anthrax with Scott Ian, (Lilker was then playing rhythm guitar) and recorded bass guitar and co-wrote on their first album, Fistful of Metal. He also founded crossover band Stormtroopers of Death with Scott Ian and Charlie Benante (from Anthrax), and Billy Milano (Anthrax roadie, M.O.D. singer). He also plays bass with Brutal Truth, Exit-13, Malformed Earthborn, The Ravenous, Overlord Exterminator, Venomous Concept, Crucifist, Nokturnal Hellstorm and Extra Hot Sauce.\nLilker played on Holy Moses' 1994's No Matter What's the Cause. He is known for his fast, guitar-like riffing through heavy distortion. Lilker has been a columnist with Zero Tolerance Magazine since the publication's inception in 2005. In 2009, it was reported that Chicago journalist Dave Hofer was writing a biography of Lilker.Lilker is currently in United Forces, which features his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Billy Milano as their singer.As of 2003 Lilker has sold nearly 5 million records worldwide according to Nielsen SoundScan.in 2013, the bassist was hired to compose music for a horror short film called Seed to Son directed by Mark A. Zuniga.On January 10, 2014, Lilker announced his plans to retire from being a full-time recording and touring musician. He also announced that Brutal Truth would break up on his 50th birthday (October 18, 2014). However, Lilker is still a member of Nuclear Assault, who currently perform live only occasionally.", "Q258900": "Johnny Neel is an American vocalist, songwriter, and musician based in Nashville, Tennessee. He is best known for his songwriting, stage, and being a member of the Allman Brothers Band and the Dickey Betts Band.\nAs a songwriter, in addition to the material written, or co-written for the Allman Brothers, Gregg Allman, and Dicky Betts, Neel's songs have also been recorded by Gov\u2019t Mule, John Mayall, Delbert McClinton, Montgomery Gentry, Keith Whitley, Travis Tritt, The Oak Ridge Boys, Restless Heart, Ann Peebles, Dorothy Moore, and John Schneider.As a studio musician, Neel has appeared on recordings by The Allman Brothers, Gov't Mule, Warren Haynes, Dickey Betts, Montgomery Gentry, Michael McDonald, Todd Snider, David Allan Coe, Jeff Coffin, Robert Gordon, Chris LeDoux, Tiny Town, Suzy Bogguss, Joe Diffie, Colin Raye, and Pirates of the Mississippi.", "Q30340": "Zhengzhou is the capital and largest city of Henan Province in the central part of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the National Central Cities in China, the centre of Central Plains area, and serves as the political, economic, technological, and educational center of the province. The Zhengzhou metropolitan area (including Zhengzhou and Kaifeng) is the core area of the Central Plains Economic Zone.The city lies on the southern bank of the Yellow River. Zhengzhou is a major hub of China's national transportation network, with railways connecting Zhengzhou to Europe and an international airport. Zhengzhou is a National Civilized City, State-list Famous Historical and Culture City, and the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor. As of 2020, there are two World Cultural Heritage Sites in Zhengzhou. The Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange (ZCE) is China's first futures exchange, Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone is China's first Airport Economy Zone.Zhengzhou has a population of 10,120,000 inhabitants, and had a GDP of 1.014 billion (RMB) in 2018. The city is one of the main built-up areas of Henan region. Greater Zhengzhou was named as one of the 13 emerging mega-cities in China in a July 2012 report by the Economist Intelligence Unit, and officially named as the eighth National Central City in 2017 by the central government in Beijing.", "Q944245": "Robert Lindsay (born 13 December 1949) is an English stage and TV actor. He is mainly known for his work in sitcoms, most notable as Ben Harper in My Family for which he played the role for over a decade. His appearances with the Royal Shakespeare Company and in musical theatre, and his roles as the narrator on the TV adaptations of the children's television series Brambly Hedge. His first major role on TV was playing Wolfie Smith in Citizen Smith. He has won a BAFTA, a Tony Award, and three Olivier Awards for his work.", "Q974386": "Frank Stanley Nugent (May 27, 1908 \u2013 December 29, 1965) was an American screenwriter, journalist, and film reviewer, who wrote 21 film scripts, 11 for director John Ford. He wrote almost a thousand reviews for The New York Times before leaving journalism for Hollywood. He was nominated for an Academy Award in 1953 and twice won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Comedy. The Writers Guild of America, West ranks his screenplay for The Searchers (1956) among the top 101 screenplays of all time.", "Q20153": "Girls' Generation (Korean: \uc18c\ub140\uc2dc\ub300; RR: Sonyeo Sidae), also known as SNSD, is a South Korean girl group formed by SM Entertainment. The group is composed of eight members: Taeyeon, Sunny, Tiffany, Hyoyeon, Yuri, Sooyoung, Yoona, and Seohyun. Originally a nine-piece group, Jessica departed from the group in September 2014. One of the prominent figures of the Korean Wave, the group has earned numerous accolades and the honorific nickname \"The Nation's Girl Group\" in their home country.\nGirls' Generation debuted in August 2007 with their eponymous Korean album and the single \"Into the New World\". The group rose to fame in 2009 with the single \"Gee\", which claimed the top spot on KBS's Music Bank for a record-breaking nine consecutive weeks and was Melon's most popular song of the 2000s decade. Girls' Generation consolidated their popularity in South Korea with follow-up singles \"Genie\", \"Oh!\", and \"Run Devil Run\", which were released between mid-2009 and early 2010. Their second Korean studio album, Oh! (2010), won the Golden Disc award for Album of the Year, making the group the only female act to win the grand prize so far.\nThe group ventured into the Japanese music scene in 2011 with their eponymous Japanese album, which became the first album by a non-Japanese girl group to be certified million by the RIAJ. The group's third Korean studio album, The Boys, was the best-selling album of 2011 in South Korea. An English version of the single \"The Boys\" was released in an attempt to expand the group's endeavor to the global music scene. The group's fourth Korean studio album, I Got a Boy (2013), was supported by the title track, which won Video of the Year at the inaugural YouTube Music Awards. Girls' Generation released their fifth Korean studio album, Lion Heart in 2015, followed by Holiday Night in 2017.\nThe group's signature musical styles are characterized as electropop and bubblegum pop, though their sounds have varied widely, incorporating various genres including hip hop, R&B, and EDM. In 2017, Billboard honoured Girls' Generation as the \"Top K-pop Girl Group of the Past Decade\". They are the first Asian girl group to achieve five music videos with over 100 million views on YouTube with \"Gee\", \"I Got a Boy\", \"The Boys\", \"Mr. Taxi\", and \"Oh!\". In Japan, they became the first non-Japanese girl group to have three number-one albums on the Oricon Albums Chart with their eponymous album, Love & Peace, and The Best, and their three Japanese concert tours attracted a record-breaking 550,000 spectators.", "Q276343": "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (Swedish: M\u00e4n som hatar kvinnor, lit. 'Men who hate women') is a 2009 Swedish crime thriller film based on the novel of the same name by Swedish author/journalist Stieg Larsson. It is the first book in the trilogy known as the Millennium series, published in Sweden in 2005. \nBy August 2009, it had been sold to 25 countries outside Scandinavia and had been seen by more than 6 million people in the countries where it was already released. Directed by Niels Arden Oplev, the film stars Michael Nyqvist and Noomi Rapace.", "Q69235": "Cham is a municipality in the canton of Zug in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q103002": "Markus Maria Profitlich (born March 25, 1960 in Bonn) is a German comedian, actor and voice actor who was a cast member of Die Wochenshow between 1999 and 2001. He now hosts and performs his own show, Mensch Markus.\nHis most famous role on Die Wochenshow was the Erkl\u00e4rb\u00e4r (Explaining Bear). Other roles included the shy reporter Peter Wuttke, Mawegda Gandhi and Baby Markus.\nFurthermore, Profitlich is the producer of the programme Weibsbilder, as well as Deutschland ist sch\u00f6n (Germany is nice).\nThe name Profitlich is not a stage name, but is probably derived from \"a person who acts profitably\" (source: Udolph, J\u00fcrgen: Professor Udolphs Buch der Namen, Munich, 2005, P. 78-81). Profitlich also voiced Bob Parr / Mr. Incredible in the German dub of the Pixar films The Incredibles and Incredibles 2. \n\n", "Q740374": "Joseph Joffo (2 April 1931 \u2013 6 December 2018) was a French author. A noted autobiographer, Joffo was perhaps best known for his memoir Un sac de billes (A Bag of Marbles), which has been translated into eighteen languages.", "Q2263769": "Tiggy (born 1970 as Charlotte Vigel) is a Romanian-Danish bubblegum/Eurodance artist.\nTiggy's style is similar to fellow Danish bubblegum artists Aqua and Toy-Box who are famous for their childlike lyrics and catchy rhythms, although several of her songs have a more Medieval fantasy focus than other bubblegum artists.", "Q403587": "Donatella Rettore, also simply known as Rettore (born 8 July 1953, in Castelfranco Veneto, Province of Treviso) is an Italian singer and songwriter.Rettore started her singing career in 1973. Her early recordings was oriented towards Italian music. She became successful in 1979 when she recorded the album Brivido Divino. Her most popular hits are Splendido Splendente (Splendid Shining), Kobra, Donatella, Lamette (Razor Blades), This Time, Io Ho Te (I've Got You), Amore Stella (Love Star) e Di Notte Specialmente (Especially By Night). The majority of Rettore's albums are a mixture of pop, rock, disco music and ska. In the mid-1980s she experienced a slow decline in popularity, and she had to wait almost a decade before recording a top 10 Italian charts hit. Rettore's most recent album, Stralunata, is an anthological double CD & DVD which entered directly to n. 2 and stayed in top 10 Italian charts for two months.", "Q70764": "Anita Berber (10 June 1899 \u2013 10 November 1928) was a German dancer, actress, and writer who was the subject of an Otto Dix painting. She lived during the time of the Weimar Republic.", "Q4229288": "Igor Anatolyevich Komarov (born May 25, 1964, Engels, Saratov region) is a Russian industrialist, financier and manager. Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Volga Federal District from September 18, 2018 (acting from September 7 to September 18).\nIn March 2014, the government appointed the head of the United Rocket and Space Corporation (ORKK). Director General of the State Corporation for Space Activities \"Roskosmos\" (January 21, 2015 - May 24, 2018).", "Q155244": "Eleanora or Eleanor of Arborea (Sardinian: Elianora de Arbaree, Italian: Eleonora d'Arborea, &c.; 1347\u20141404) was one of the most powerful and important, and one of the last, judges of Sardinia, and Sardinia's most famous heroine.", "Q925877": "Hans G\u00f6sta Gustaf Ekman (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u0153\u0302s\u02d0ta \u02c8\u011b\u02d0kman] (listen); 28 July 1939 \u2013 1 April 2017) was a Swedish actor, comedian, and director.", "Q107264": "Robert Emerson Lucas Jr. (born September 15, 1937) is an American economist at the University of Chicago, where he is currently the John Dewey Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus in Economics and the College. Widely regarded as the central figure in the development of the new classical approach to macroeconomics, he received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1995 \"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy\". He has been characterized by N. Gregory Mankiw as \"the most influential macroeconomist of the last quarter of the 20th century.\"", "Q110718": "Alexander Baumann (15 May 1875 \u2013 23 March 1928) was a German aeronautical engineer and aircraft designer. He is credited with being the first full professor of aeronautical engineering in aviation history as the Chair of Airship Aviation, Flight Technology, and Motor Vehicles at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stuttgart in 1911.", "Q340183": "La Rage au corps (US title: Tempest in the Flesh, UK title: Fire in the Blood) is a 1954 French drama film directed by Ralph Habib, based on story by Jean-Claude Aurel and Jacques Compan\u00e9ez. The film tells the story of a nymphomaniac, who would be saved only by really falling in love. It was filmed on location at the Pyrenees Mountains, Hautes-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, France.", "Q274554": "Emilie Sophie H\u00f6gquist or H\u00f6gqvist (29 April 1812 \u2013 18 December 1846) was a Swedish stage actress. She was a star of the Royal Dramatic Theatre and has been referred to as the first celebrity within Swedish drama and known as the Swedish Aspasia, both for her artistic ability but also for the literary salon she hosted. She is also known in history for her love affair with King Oscar I of Sweden.", "Q437622": "Laura Elizabeth Arabosa Izibor (born 13 May 1987) is an Irish recording artist, musician and producer. She won the RT\u00c9 2fm song contest while still in secondary school. She went on to win an award at the 2006 Meteor Music Awards. She also performed at that year's Electric Picnic music festival and Music Ireland 2007. Izibor has opened for Aretha Franklin, India.Arie, Estelle, Maxwell, and John Legend on tour.\nHer debut album, Let the Truth Be Told, was released in Ireland on 8 May 2009. Izibor has appeared in The CW television show, One Tree Hill, where she plays Erin Macree.", "Q192069": "'Enid Mary Blyton (11 August 1897 \u2013 28 November 1968) was an English children's writer whose books have been among the world's best-sellers since the 1930s, selling more than 600 million copies. Blyton's books are still enormously popular, and have been translated into 90 languages. She wrote on a wide range of topics including education, natural history, fantasy, mystery, and biblical narratives and is best remembered today for her Noddy, Famous Five and Secret Seven series.\nHer first book, Child Whispers, a 24-page collection of poems, was published in 1922. Following the commercial success of her early novels such as Adventures of the Wishing-Chair (1937) and The Enchanted Wood (1939), Blyton went on to build a literary empire, sometimes producing fifty books a year in addition to her prolific magazine and newspaper contributions. Her writing was unplanned and sprang largely from her unconscious mind: she typed her stories as events unfolded before her. The sheer volume of her work and the speed with which it was produced led to rumours that Blyton employed an army of ghost writers, a charge she vigorously denied.\nBlyton's work became increasingly controversial among literary critics, teachers and parents from the 1950s onwards, because of the alleged unchallenging nature of her writing and the themes of her books, particularly the Noddy series. Some libraries and schools banned her works, which the BBC had refused to broadcast from the 1930s until the 1950s because they were perceived to lack literary merit. Her books have been criticised as being elitist, sexist, racist, xenophobic and at odds with the more progressive environment emerging in post-Second World War Britain, but they have continued to be best-sellers since her death in 1968.\nShe felt she had a responsibility to provide her readers with a strong moral framework, so she encouraged them to support worthy causes. In particular, through the clubs she set up or supported, she encouraged and organised them to raise funds for animal and paediatric charities. The story of Blyton's life was dramatised in a BBC film entitled Enid, featuring Helena Bonham Carter in the title role and first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Four in 2009. There have also been several adaptations of her books for stage, screen and television.\n\n", "Q552904": "Niels Michael Aage Treschow (born April 22, 1943) is a Swedish businessman. As chairman of the board of both Unilever since 2007 and the Confederation of Swedish Enterprise, and former chairman of Ericsson, Treschow is one of the most influential people in Swedish business today.", "Q297817": "Dany Dauberson, (16 January 1925 in Le Creusot, Sa\u00f4ne-et-Loire \u2013 16 March 1979) was a French singer and actress.", "Q919156": "Michael Bernard Bloomfield (July 28, 1943 \u2013 February 15, 1981) was an American guitarist and composer, born in Chicago, Illinois, who became one of the first popular music superstars of the 1960s to earn his reputation almost entirely on his instrumental prowess, since he rarely sang before 1969. Respected for his guitar playing, Bloomfield knew and played with many of Chicago's blues musicians before achieving his own fame and was instrumental in popularizing blues music in the mid-1960s. He was ranked No. 22 on Rolling Stone's list of \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" in 2003 and No. 42 by the same magazine in 2011. He was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 2012 and, as a member of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2015.", "Q183164": "Samuel Washington (Wat) Arnold (September 21, 1879 \u2013 December 18, 1961) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri.", "Q863188": "Billy Milano is a Bronx-born heavy metal musician now based in Austin, Texas. He is the singer and - occasionally - guitarist and bassist of crossover thrash band M.O.D., and he was also the singer of its predecessor, Stormtroopers of Death. He was also the singer of United Forces, which also featured his Stormtroopers of Death bandmate Dan Lilker.\n\n", "Q1904": "Ontario is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. Located in Central Canada, it is Canada's most populous province, with 38.3 percent of the country's population, and is the second-largest province in total area. Ontario is fourth-largest jurisdiction in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included. It is home to the nation's capital city, Ottawa, and the nation's most populous city, Toronto, which is also Ontario's provincial capital.\nOntario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west, Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north, and Quebec to the east and northeast, and to the south by the U.S. states of (from west to east) Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Almost all of Ontario's 2,700 km (1,678 mi) border with the United States follows inland waterways: from the westerly Lake of the Woods, eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system. These include Rainy River, Pigeon River, Lake Superior, St. Marys River, Lake Huron, St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, Detroit River, Lake Erie, Niagara River, Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River from Kingston, Ontario, to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall, Ontario. There is only about 1 km (0.6 mi) of land border, made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border.Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontario's population and arable land is in the south. In contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and heavy forestation.", "Q842152": "Madcon is a Norwegian musical duo formed in 1992 by Yosef Wolde-Mariam and Tshawe Baqwa. To date, they have released six albums.", "Q107270": "Lost in Translation is a 2003 comedy-drama film written and directed by Sofia Coppola. It stars Bill Murray as middle-aged actor Bob Harris, who befriends college graduate Charlotte (Scarlett Johansson) in a Tokyo hotel. The movie explores themes of loneliness, insomnia, existential ennui, and culture shock against the backdrop of a modern Japanese city.\nLost in Translation was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor for Bill Murray, and Best Director for Coppola; Coppola won for Best Original Screenplay. Murray and Johansson each won a BAFTA award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and Best Actress in a Leading Role respectively. The film grossed $119 million on a budget of $4 million.\n\n", "Q108143": "San Diego County, officially the County of San Diego, is a county in the southwestern corner of the state of California, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 3,095,313. making it California's second-most populous county and the fifth-most populous in the United States. Its county seat is San Diego, the eighth-most populous city in the United States. It is the southwesternmost county in the 48 contiguous United States.\nSan Diego County comprises the San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.\nSan Diego is also part of the San Diego\u2013Tijuana metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico. Greater San Diego ranks as the 38th largest metropolitan area in the Americas.\nSan Diego County has more than 70 miles (110 km) of coastline. This forms the most densely populated region of the county, which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than average in southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.\nThere are also 16 naval and military installations of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and the U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County. These include the Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, and Naval Air Station North Island.\nFrom north to south, San Diego County extends from the southern borders of Orange and Riverside Counties to the Mexico-U.S. border and the Baja California municipalities of Tijuana and Tecate. From west to east, San Diego County stretches from the Pacific Ocean to its boundary with Imperial County.", "Q73279": "Evil Dead is a 2013 American supernatural horror film directed by Fede Alvarez, in his feature directorial debut, written by Rodo Sayagues and \u00c1lvarez and produced by Robert Tapert, Sam Raimi, and Bruce Campbell. The fourth installment in the Evil Dead franchise, it serves as a soft reboot and continuation of the original 1981 film. The film stars Jane Levy, Shiloh Fernandez, Lou Taylor Pucci, Jessica Lucas, and Elizabeth Blackmore.\nTalks for a fourth Evil Dead film began in 2011, with original film actor Bruce Campbell the possibility for a next film in the franchise. The project was officially announced in July 2011, with Ghost House Pictures producing it, with Diablo Cody in the process of revising the script and Fede Alvarez chosen as the director. Much of the cast joined from January to February 2012. Filming took place in March 2012 and wrapped in May 2012 in New Zealand outside of Auckland, lasting about a month.Evil Dead had its world premiere at the South by Southwest film festival on March 8, 2013 and was theatrically released in the United States on April 5, 2013, by Sony Pictures Releasing and TriStar Pictures. The film had grossed over $97 million worldwide and received mixed reviews from critics.", "Q1343857": "Jonathan Seda (born October 14, 1970) is an American actor. Seda was an amateur boxer who auditioned for and was given a role in the 1992 boxing film Gladiator. \nHe played the role of Chris P\u00e9rez alongside Jennifer Lopez in the movie Selena and Detective Antonio Dawson in NBC\u2019s Chicago PD. He also played the role of Paul Falsone in the show Homicide: Life on the Street. He also played the role of U.S. Marine John Basilone, recipient of the Medal of Honor, in Tom Hanks and Steven Spielberg's follow up to Band of Brothers, The Pacific.", "Q22750": "Maurice Genevoix (French pronunciation: \u200b[m\u0254\u0281is \u0292\u01ddnvwa, mo\u0281-]; 29 November 1890 \u2013 8 September 1980) was a French author.\nBorn on 29 November 1890 at Decize, Ni\u00e8vre as Maurice-Charles-Louis-Genevoix, Genevoix spent his childhood in Ch\u00e2teauneuf-sur-Loire. After attending the local school, he studied at the lyc\u00e9e of Orl\u00e9ans and the Lyc\u00e9e Lakanal. Genevoix was accepted to the Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, being first in his class, but was soon mobilized into World War I in 1914. He was quickly promoted to a lieutenant. He participated in the bloody battles of the Les \u00c9parges hill aswell as along the road of Tranch\u00e9e de Calonne to the south east of Verdun-sur-Meuse in late 1914 and early 1915. On the 25 April 1915 he was severely wounded in action in his left arm and side in the Tranch\u00e9e de Calonne sector and returned to Paris. The battle in the Meuse in which he participated, especially those at Les \u00c9parges left a profound influence on him, and he wrote the tetralogy Ceux de 14 (The Men of 1914), which brought him recognition among the public.\nAround 1919, Genevoix contracted Spanish influenza, causing him to move back to the Loire. He was quite prolific during his time in the Loire area, earning a Prix Blumenthal grant from the Florence Blumenthal Foundation to support him as a professional writer. It was this grant that allowed him to continue with some of his most celebrated works, R\u00e9mi des Rauches and Raboliot, the latter of which earned him the Prix Goncourt.\nIn 1928, his father died, and Genevoix moved to Vernelles in Loiret. At around this time, Genevoix started to travel abroad to Canada, Scandinavia, Mexico, and Africa. Canada and Africa were both admired by the writer, the latter of which he dedicated a 1949 essay to it, Afrique blanche, Afrique noire. He was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise on 24 October 1946 and was formally inducted the following year. In 1950, he returned to Paris and became secretary of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1958. In 1970, Genevoix, who was president of the program committee of French state radio, started a television series on French writers. He was also offered the Grand prix national des Lettres. He died on 8 September 1980.\nGenevoix presided the Friends of the Natural History Museum Paris society for ten years from 1970 to 1980. The Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise literary Prix Maurice Genevoix is named for him.", "Q64705": "Ziefen is a municipality in the district of Liestal in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q1973834": "PIAS Recordings was founded in 1983 in Belgium as Play It Again Sam by Kenny Gates and Michel Lambot. Play It Again Sam expanded along with other European independent labels in the early 1980s. Play It Again Sam's early artists were Front 242, Meat Beat Manifesto and Young Gods. They added artists such as The Sound, Soulwax/2ManyDJ's, Sigur R\u00f3s and Mogwai.\n\n", "Q86780": "Walther Bauersfeld (23 January 1879 \u2013 28 October 1959) was a German engineer.", "Q88975": "Heribert Prantl (born 30 July 1953, in Nittenau) is a German journalist and jurist. He is the head of the domestic policy department of the S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung.\n\n", "Q429408": "The Star Chamber is a 1983 American crime\u2013drama/mystery\u2013thriller film starring Michael Douglas, Hal Holbrook,1 Yaphet Kotto, Sharon Gless, James B. Sikking, and Joe Regalbuto. The film was written by Roderick Taylor and Peter Hyams and directed by Hyams. Its title is taken from the name of the Star Chamber, the notorious 15th\u221217th-century English court.", "Q898448": "The Institut d'optique Graduate School (\"Institute of optics\"), nicknamed \"SupOptique\" or \"IOGS\", is one of the most prestigious French Grandes Ecoles and the leading French grande \u00e9cole in the field of optics and its industrial and scientific applications, and a member of the prestigious University of Paris-Saclay, and ParisTech. The \u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure d'optique was opened in 1920, as part of the Institut d'optique th\u00e9orique et appliqu\u00e9e, aiming to train engineers and cadres for the French optics industry. It is consequently the oldest institution of higher education and research in optics in the world and the most important in term of annual number of graduates.\nThe Institut d'optique Graduate School provides an education of high scientific level, specially for former students from the French Classe pr\u00e9paratoire aux grandes \u00e9coles. It trains engineers to be, in industry and research, the actors of the development of optics in many areas such as telecommunications, biology, energy, materials, nanotechnologies, aerospace engineering. It trains also researchers and teachers in the fields of optics and physics. Through the Institut d'optique th\u00e9orique et appliqu\u00e9e, it participates at the world level to the promotion of knowledges and to the development of new techniques in optics\nSince September 2006, the set constituted by the \u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure d'optique and the Institut d'optique th\u00e9orique et appliqu\u00e9e has been designated by the names \"Institut d'optique Graduate School\" or Institut d'optique.", "Q573706": "William Walter \"Pudge\" Heffelfinger (Hafelfinger) (December 20, 1867 \u2013 April 2, 1954) was an American football player and coach. He is considered the first athlete to play American football professionally, having been paid to play in 1892.", "Q5256761": "The Man Who Turned Into A Stick (\u68d2\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u7537 \u2013 B\u014d ni natta otoko) is a one-act play written in 1957 by K\u014db\u014d Abe. It is the first of three plays written between 1957 and 1969 meant to symbolize the different stages of life, usually shown together. The first, representing birth, is The Suitcase. The second, The Cliff of Time, represents life itself, or The Process and the third, The Man who Turned into a Stick, is death. This play has been considered as a main example of the current of magic realism in Japanese literature.\nHideo Kojima has referred to the play as thematic inspiration for the 2019 video game Death Stranding, alongside Abe's 1950 short story The Stick.", "Q172837": "Bicycle Thieves (Italian: Ladri di biciclette; sometimes known in the United States as The Bicycle Thief) is a 1948 Italian neorealist drama film directed by Vittorio De Sica. It follows the story of a poor father searching post-World War II Rome for his stolen bicycle, without which he will lose the job which was to be the salvation of his young family.\nAdapted for the screen by Cesare Zavattini from a novel by Luigi Bartolini, and starring Lamberto Maggiorani as the desperate father and Enzo Staiola as his plucky young son, Bicycle Thieves received an Academy Honorary Award (most outstanding foreign language film) in 1950 and, in 1952 was deemed the greatest film of all time by Sight & Sound magazine's poll of filmmakers and critics; fifty years later another poll organized by the same magazine ranked it sixth among the greatest-ever films.", "Q10084": "Vlissingen (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8vl\u026as\u026a\u014b\u0259(n)] (listen); Zeelandic: Vlissienge; historical name in English: Flushing) is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the former island of Walcheren. With its strategic location between the Scheldt river and the North Sea, Vlissingen has been an important harbour for centuries. It was granted city rights in 1315. In the 17th century Vlissingen was a main harbour for ships of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). It is also known as the birthplace of Admiral Michiel de Ruyter.\nVlissingen is mainly noted for the yards on the Scheldt where most of the ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy (Koninklijke Marine) are built.", "Q838826": "\u0218tefan Fori\u0219 Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283te\u02c8fan \u02c8fori\u0283] (born Istv\u00e1n F\u00f3ris, also known as Marius; May 9, 1892 \u2013 summer of 1946) was a Romanian communist activist and journalist who served as general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR or PCdR) between 1940 and 1944.", "Q1661815": "Lewis Gompertz (c.\u20091783 \u2013 1861) was an early animal rights advocate, a vegan, and a founding member in June 1824, of the English Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, later the RSPCA.", "Q115674": "Walter Braden \"Jack\" Finney (born John Finney, October 2, 1911 \u2013 November 14, 1995) was an American author. His best-known works are science fiction and thrillers, including The Body Snatchers and Time and Again. The former was the basis for the 1956 film Invasion of the Body Snatchers and its remakes.", "Q558583": "Jazztronik is a Japanese music groups by the Tokyo-based DJ/producer/pianist Ryota Nozaki, that does not have fixed members. Jazztronik has released two albums and two EPs since 1998 on label Flower Records. In 2001 Jazztronik also released the album \"Inner Flight\" on Counterpoint, a UK label.Jazztronik has been growing in popularity and has hit sales of 100,000+. Jazztronik performs to sold-out crowds all across the Japanese club scene, and his growth in America and Europe has helped him reach popularity in the English club scene.", "Q1909140": "Matt Bayles (born October 19, 1972) is a record producer, mixer, engineer, and musician based in Seattle, Washington. Bayles (pronounced Bay-Less) is known for his work with bands such as Isis, Soundgarden, Pearl Jam, Botch, Mastodon, Minus the Bear, Burnt by the Sun, and Norma Jean and as the keyboardist for American indie rock band, Minus the Bear.", "Q70770": "Norbert Erich Kr\u00f6cher (14 July 1950 \u2013 16 September 2016) was a German terrorist and member of J2M. He was also strongly associated with the second generation of the Red Army Faction. He was the husband of Gabriele Kr\u00f6cher-Tiedemann.", "Q335508": "The Curse of the Jade Scorpion is a 2001 American crime comedy film written, directed and starring Woody Allen. The cast also features Helen Hunt, Dan Aykroyd, Elizabeth Berkley, John Schuck, Wallace Shawn, David Ogden Stiers and Charlize Theron. The plot concerns an insurance investigator and an efficiency expert who are both hypnotized by a crooked hypnotist into stealing jewels. The film bears much more in common with Allen's earlier screwball comedy films than with other films made by him around the same time.The Curse of the Jade Scorpion received mixed reviews from critics.\n\n", "Q165393": "Walt Ader (December 15, 1913 in Long Valley, New Jersey \u2013 November 25, 1982 in Califon, New Jersey) was an American racecar driver.\nDuring his racing career, Ader was a resident of Bernardsville, New Jersey.", "Q2281920": "Sidney Farber (September 30, 1903 \u2013 March 30, 1973) was an American pediatric pathologist. He is regarded as the father of modern chemotherapy for his work using folic acid antagonists to combat leukemia, which led to the development of other chemotherapeutic agents against other malignancies. Farber was also active in cancer research advocacy and fundraising, most notably through his establishment of the Jimmy Fund, a foundation dedicated to pediatric research in childhood cancers. The Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute is named after him.", "Q1928830": "Michael \"Mike\" Parker (born October 31, 1949) is an American businessman and politician from the U.S. state of Mississippi. He served in Congress as a member of the Democratic Party and, later, the Republican Party. He later served as Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Army, with authority over the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.", "Q1064288": "Charles Erwin Wilson (July 18, 1890 \u2013 September 26, 1961) was an American engineer and businessman who served as United States Secretary of Defense from 1953 to 1957 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Known as \"Engine Charlie\", he was previously the president and chief executive officer of General Motors. In the wake of the Korean War, he cut the defense budget significantly.", "Q181001": "Erotica is any literary or artistic work that deals substantively with subject matter that is erotically stimulating or sexually arousing but is not pornographic. Erotic art may use any artistic form to depict erotic content, including painting, sculpture, drama, film or music. Erotic literature and erotic photography have become genres in their own right.\nCuriosa is erotica and pornography as discrete, collectable items, usually in published or printed form. In the antiquarian book trade, pornographic works are often listed under \"curiosa\", \"erotica\" or \"facetiae\".", "Q1205816": "The German Institute for Literature (German: Deutsches Literaturinstitut Leipzig, DLL) is a part of Leipzig University. It was founded in 1955 under the name Johannes R. Becher-Institut. Among the noted writers who graduated from the school are Heinz Czechowski, Kurt Drawert, Adolf Endler, Ralph Giordano, Kerstin Hensel, Sarah and Rainer Kirsch, Angela Krau\u00df, Erich Loest, Fred Wander, Clemens Meyer, Juli Zeh, Kristof Magnusson, Anna Kaleri and Volker Altwasser and Werner Bernreuther. Closed in 1990, the institute was refounded in 1995. Currently, Hans-Ulrich Treichel, Josef Haslinger and Michael Lentz are professors.", "Q164933": "London Boulevard is a 2010 British independent crime film released in the United Kingdom on 26 November 2010. It is based on Ken Bruen's novel of 2001 of the same name, with screenplay and direction by William Monahan, marking his directorial debut. The cast features Colin Farrell, Keira Knightley and Ray Winstone.", "Q48589": "Zenta Mauri\u0146a (15 December 1897 \u2013 25 April 1978) was a Latvian writer, essayist and researcher in philology. She was married to the Electronic Voice Phenomena researcher Konstantin Raudive.", "Q172189": "The Hon. John Miles (14 June 1943 \u2013 8 April 2018) was a British racing driver from England. He participated in 15 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, making his debut on 6 July 1969, in the Lotus 63 4-wheel drive F1 car for which he was the official Team Lotus test driver. He scored a total of 2 championship points with a fifth place in the 1970 South African Grand Prix.", "Q188743": "Lisieux (French pronunciation: \u200b[lizj\u00f8]) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It is the capital of the Pays d'Auge area, which is characterised by valleys and hedged farmland.\n\n", "Q199896": "Karl Anthony Malone (born July 24, 1963) is an American retired professional basketball player. Nicknamed \"The Mailman\", Malone played the power forward position and spent his first 18 seasons (1985\u20132003) in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Utah Jazz and formed a formidable duo with his teammate John Stockton. Malone also played one season for the Los Angeles Lakers. Malone was a two-time NBA Most Valuable Player, a 14-time NBA All-Star, and an 11-time member of the All-NBA first team. His 36,928 career points scored rank second all-time in NBA history behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, and he holds the records for most free throws attempted and made, in addition to being tied for the second-most first-team All-NBA selections with Kobe Bryant and behind LeBron James. He is considered one of the greatest power forwards in NBA history.Malone played college basketball at Louisiana Tech University. In his three seasons with Louisiana Tech, he helped the Bulldogs basketball team to its first-ever NCAA tournament in 1984 and to first place in the Southland Conference in 1985. The Utah Jazz drafted Malone in 1985 with the 13th overall pick in the first round. Malone appeared in the playoffs every season in his career, including the NBA Finals in 1997 and 1998 with the Jazz. He played his final season with the Los Angeles Lakers, with whom he played his third Finals in 2004. Malone has the most career postseason losses of any NBA player ever, with 95. Malone also competed with the United States national team in the Summer Olympic Games of 1992 and 1996; in both years he won gold medals. After retiring from the NBA, Malone joined the staff of the Louisiana Tech Bulldogs basketball team in 2007 and was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2010 twice \u2013 for his individual career, and as a member of the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team.", "Q1291905": "Edward Cabot Clark (December 19, 1811 \u2013 October 14, 1882) was an American lawyer, businessman and investor.", "Q69547": "Friedrich Ludewig Bouterwek (15 April 1766 \u2013 9 August 1828) was German philosopher and critic, born to a mining director at Oker, Electorate of Saxony; today a district of Goslar in Lower Saxony.", "Q435747": "Maria Cl\u00e1udia Silva Carneiro (born February 6, 1963), known professionally as Cl\u00e1udia Ohana (after the maternal surname of her mother, Nazareth Ohana Silva), is a Brazilian actress and singer of Portuguese and Jewish origin. In Brazil, she is best known for portraying the vampire Natasha in the 1991's telenovela Vamp, however worldwide she is famous for her portrayal of Er\u00e9ndira in the eponymous 1983 film.", "Q334170": "Giampaolo Morelli (born 25 November 1974 in Naples) is an Italian actor, director, and screenwriter. He is particularly known for his television work; among his roles is as the title character in the L'ispettore Coliandro series.", "Q1804470": "Frederick Septimus Kelly (29 May 1881 \u2013 13 November 1916) was an Australian and British musician and composer and a rower who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was killed in action during the First World War.", "Q463501": "Valeriya Ilyinichna Novodvorskaya (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, 17 May 1950, Baranovichi, Byelorussian SSR \u2013 12 July 2014, Moscow) was a Soviet dissident, writer and liberal politician. She was the founder and the chairwoman of the Democratic Union party and a member of the editorial board of The New Times.", "Q82280": "Julian Ignacy Nowak (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8juljan \u02c8n\u0254vak]; 10 March 1865 \u2013 7 November 1946) was a Polish microbiologist and politician who served as 9th Prime Minister of Poland in 1922.\nNowak studied medicine at the Jagiellonian University in 1886\u20131893, and was a professor there since 1899. In 1921\u20131922 he was a rector of the university. Being a conservative politician, he served as the Prime Minister briefly in 1922. In the same year he also served briefly as the Minister of Religious Affairs. In 1922\u20131927 he was a Senator in the Polish Senate.\nHe was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.\nJulian Ignacy Nowak was buried in Rakowicki Cemetery.\nHe was the father of Olympic fencer Wanda Dubie\u0144ska", "Q1702424": "Juan de Dios Ventura Soriano (born March 8, 1940 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic), better known as Johnny Ventura or \"El Caballo Johnny Ventura\", is a Dominican singer and band leader of merengue and salsa. He also served as vicemayor of Santo Domingo from 1994 to 1998, and as mayor of Santo Domingo from 1998 to 2002.", "Q157321": "Francis Picabia (French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303sis pikabja]: born Francis-Marie Martinez de Picabia; 22 January 1879 \u2013 30 November 1953) was a French avant-garde painter, poet and typographist. After experimenting with Impressionism and Pointillism, Picabia became associated with Cubism. His highly abstract planar compositions were colourful and rich in contrasts. He was one of the early major figures of the Dada movement in the United States and in France. He was later briefly associated with Surrealism, but would soon turn his back on the art establishment.", "Q330316": "Abraham Mateo Chamorro (born 25 August 1998), is a Spanish singer, songwriter and actor. He is known for his soulful and dance-oriented music.Mateo was only seven when he began winning prizes on television shows and at the age of nine, he was awarded the Revelation Prize at Spain's national music contest for kids. For over three years, Mateo starred as a regular on children's TV show Menuda Noche, where he stood out for his strong vocal abilities and stage presence. Around age ten, he signed a recording contract with EMI Music Spain and released a debut self-titled album, Abraham Mateo.He returned four years later with his second album, AM, on Sony Music Spain. The album showcased Mateo's growth as a performer and found him incorporating electronic and dance elements into his sound. With the single \"Se\u00f1orita\", he made his breakthrough in the music scene, achieving a great success in Spain and Latin America. \"Se\u00f1orita\" stayed in the Spain's Top 50 single charts for almost a year and its music video was the most trending music video of 2013 in YouTube Spain. In 2014 Mateo released his third studio album, Who I AM, which peaked at number one in Mexico and Spain. A fourth album, Are You Ready?, followed a year later, showcasing his own songwriting skills and a more mature style. Mateo's albums have received one Platinum and three Gold certifications in Spain. In 2017, he released \"Loco Enamorado\", an urban pop song featuring Farruko that marks Mateo's comeback to the spotlight. \"Loco Enamorado\" entered Billboard charts, Spotify's Global Top 50, and has been multi-Platinum certified in US, Spain and Latin America. Recently, he released \"H\u00e1blame Bajito\" with 50 Cent and Austin Mahone and \"Se Acab\u00f3 El Amor\" with Yandel and Jennifer Lopez.From 2014 onwards, Mateo has embarked on three concert tours across Spain and Latin America, delivering over 80 live shows altogether. Being so young, he sold out countless shows at major venues and arenas such as the National Auditorium in Mexico City, the Luna Park Stadium in Buenos Aires, the Caupolic\u00e1n Theatre in Santiago de Chile, and the Sports Centre in Madrid. He was the opening act for the British boyband One Direction in Peru, Chile and Spain as part of their 2014's Where We Are Tour. Mateo has performed on the European Spanish soundtrack of several computer-animated movies and series including Frozen and Minions. He has appeared in small roles and cameos in TV movies and series broadcast in Spain and Portugal.He has collaborated with numerous other artists, including Farruko, Pitbull, 50 Cent, Austin Mahone, CNCO, Ha*Ash, Lali Esp\u00f3sito, Carlos Rivera, R\u00edo Roma, CD9, Dvicio, Alejandro Sanz and Mal\u00fa. Mateo has co-written many of his own hits with notable musicians such as Damon Sharpe, Poo Bear, Lindy Robbins, Lauren Christy, Eric Sanicola, Jacobo Calder\u00f3n, Descemer Bueno, M\u00f3nica V\u00e9lez, The Jackie Boyz, Mario Domm, J\u00f6rgen Elofsson, Andre Merritt, Aris Archontis, Jos\u00e9 Luis Roma, John Reid and Talay Riley.\nHe has received four nominations for the Premios Juventud awards, presented by the American Spanish-language television network Univisi\u00f3n. In 2015, Billboard named him to their \"21 Under 21s Next Class\" list of \"music's hottest young stars\", and also placed him on their Top 10 young Latin acts list Mateo is the youngest solo male artist to lead the Billboard's Latin Airplay chart.", "Q346280": "Alan Walbridge Ladd (September 3, 1913 \u2013 January 29, 1964) was an American actor and film and television producer. Ladd found success in film in the 1940s and early 1950s, particularly in Westerns such as Shane (1953) and in films noirs. He was often paired with Veronica Lake, in noirish films such as This Gun for Hire (1942), The Glass Key (1942) and The Blue Dahlia (1946).\nHis other notable credits include Two Years Before the Mast (1946), Whispering Smith, his first Western and color film, (1948) and The Great Gatsby (1949). His popularity diminished in the late 1950s, though he continued to appear in popular films until his accidental death due to a lethal combination of alcohol, a barbiturate, and two tranquilizers.", "Q337479": "August Marian Kowalczyk (15 August 1921 \u2013 29 July 2012) was a Polish actor, theatre, television and film director who was the last survivor of a breakout of prisoners from Auschwitz Concentration Camp on 10 June 1942.\nBorn in Tarnawa-G\u00f3ra, he was arrested on 4 December 1940 whilst trying to cross the border with Czechoslovakia to join the Polish Army in France and was then sent to Auschwitz where he laboured for I.G.Farben. After escaping from the camp with 9 other prisoners (13 died and 20 were recaptured), he hid in the forest and was sheltered in the attic of a house for 7 weeks in the village of Bojszowy. He then travelled under false documents to Silesia and Krak\u00f3w, before becoming a soldier in the Armia Krajowa.On 9 November 1945 he made his debut as a stage actor in Krak\u00f3w, performing with the Polish Theatre from Warsaw. He died of cancer, at age 90, on 29 July 2012 in Oswiecim, in a hospice he founded.He was married four times. He has two children, son Marek (born 1950), from his first marriage and son Marcin (born 1957), from his second marriage.", "Q215814": "Friedrich 'Fritz' Anneke (January 3, 1818, Dortmund, Prussia \u2013 December 8, 1872, Chicago, United States) was a German revolutionary, socialist and newspaper editor, owner, and reporter. He immigrated to the United States with his family in 1849 and became an officer in the Union Army, and later an entrepreneur and journalist. He was the husband of Mathilde Franziska Anneke, the older brother of Emil Anneke, the first Republican Michigan Auditor General, and the father of Percy Shelley Anneke, well known in Duluth, Minnesota, as co-founder and owner of the famous Fitger Brewing Company, now registered as a U.S. National Historic Place.\n\n", "Q72601": "Brant Bjork (born March 19, 1973) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and producer from Palm Desert, California. He is perhaps best known as the drummer and founder of the influential Californian stoner rock band Kyuss. Bjork played in Vista Chino, along with former Kyuss vocalist John Garcia, up until October 2014, at which point Nick Oliveri announced that there was a falling out and that Bjork and Garcia would continue working on their solo projects. He is one of the more notable figures in the stoner rock and Palm Desert scenes.", "Q299190": "Sir Dirk Bogarde (born Derek Niven van den Bogaerde; 28 March 1921 \u2013 8 May 1999) was an English actor and writer. Initially a matin\u00e9e idol in films such as Doctor in the House (1954) for the Rank Organisation, he later acted in art-house films. In a second career, he wrote seven best-selling volumes of memoirs, six novels and a volume of collected journalism, mainly from articles in The Daily Telegraph.\nBogarde came to prominence in films including The Blue Lamp in the early 1950s, before starring in the successful Doctor film series (1954\u20131963). He twice won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, for The Servant (1963) and Darling (1965). His other notable film roles included Victim (1961), Accident (1967), The Damned (1969), Death in Venice (1971), The Night Porter (1974), A Bridge Too Far (1977) and Despair (1978). He was appointed a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters in 1990 and a Knight Bachelor in 1992.", "Q563273": "Torgeir Byrknes, better known by his stage name Teebee, is a Norwegian DJ and producer of drum and bass. He also runs the record label Subtitles Recordings. Teebee began DJing in 1990 and released his first record in 1996. He won the Knowledge Magazine award for Best International Producer in 2001.", "Q193405": "Emil Cioran (Romanian: [e\u02c8mil t\u0361\u0283o\u02c8ran] (listen); 8 April 1911 \u2013 20 June 1995) was a Romanian philosopher and essayist, who published works in both Romanian and French. His work has been noted for its pervasive philosophical pessimism, and frequently engages with issues of suffering, decay, and nihilism. Among his best-known works are On the Heights of Despair (1934) and The Trouble with Being Born (1973). Cioran's first French book, A Short History of Decay, was awarded the prestigious Rivarol Prize in 1950. The Latin Quarter of Paris was his permanent residence and he lived much of his life in isolation with his partner Simone Bou\u00e9.", "Q940751": "Jordi Hurtado Torres (Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, 16 June 1957) is a Spanish radio and television presenter and voice actor. He is popular in Spain thanks to Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola shows like Saber y ganar (To Know and To Win).\nAs of 2018 he has been the host of Saber y ganar for 21 years.", "Q232273": "Isabel Coixet Castillo (Catalan pronunciation: [iz\u0259\u02c8\u03b2\u025bl ku\u02c8\u0283\u025bt]; born 9 April 1960) is a Spanish film director. She is one of the most prolific film directors of contemporary Spain, having directed twelve feature-length films since the beginning of her film career in 1988, in addition to documentary films, shorts, and commercials. Her films depart from the traditional national cinema of Spain, and help to \u201cuntangle films from their national context ... clearing the path for thinking about national film from different perspectives.\u201d The recurring themes of \u201cemotions, feelings, and existential conflict\u201d coupled with her distinct visual style secure the \u201cmultifaceted (she directs, writes, produces, and acts)\u201d filmmaker's status as a \u201cCatalan auteur.\u201d", "Q185267": "Henry Mayer Goldfogle (May 23, 1856 \u2013 June 1, 1929) was a United States Representative from New York.", "Q544814": "Ang\u00e9lica Freitas (born April 8, 1973) is a Brazilian poet and translator.", "Q1173086": "David Albert Alvin (born November 11, 1955) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, music producer and poet. He is a former and founding member of the roots rock band the Blasters. Alvin has recorded and performed as a solo artist since the late 1980s and has been involved in various side projects and collaborations. He has had brief stints as a member of the bands X and the Knitters.", "Q64063": "Johann Anton Leisewitz (born 9 May 1752 in Hanover, died 10 September 1806 in Braunschweig) was a German lawyer and dramatic poet, and a central figure of the Sturm und Drang era. He is best known for his play Julius of Tarent (1776), that inspired Friedrich Schiller and is considered the forerunner of Schiller's quintessential Sturm und Drang work The Robbers (1781).", "Q899030": "Brasenose College (BNC), officially The Principal and Scholars of the King\u2019s Hall and College of Brasenose in Oxford, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1509, with the library and chapel added in the mid-17th century and the new quadrangle in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.\nFor the four degree years 2011\u20132014, Brasenose averaged 10th in the Norrington Table (an unofficial measure of performance in undergraduate degree examinations). In a recent Oxford Barometer Survey, Brasenose\u2019s undergraduates registered 98% overall satisfaction.Brasenose is home to one of the oldest rowing clubs in the world, Brasenose College Boat Club.\n\n", "Q652980": "Twann (French: Douanne) was a municipality in the district of Nidau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of T\u00fcscherz-Alferm\u00e9e and Twann merged into the municipality of Twann-T\u00fcscherz.\n\n", "Q747341": "Edwin Binney (November 24, 1866 \u2013 December 17, 1934) was an American entrepreneur and inventor, who created the first dustless white chalk, and along with his cousin C. Harold Smith (born London, 1860 - died, 1931), was the founder of handicrafts company Binney and Smith, which marketed his invention of the Crayola crayon.", "Q270068": "Mar\u00eda Guadalupe \"Lupita\" Jones Garay (Spanish pronunciation: [lu\u02c8pita \u02c8\u029douns], [\u029dons]; born 6 September 1967) is a Mexican actress, television producer, and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe 1991. She was the first Mexican woman to win the crown.\nSince 1994, Jones has been the national director for Mexico at Miss Universe and is the franchise holder of Mexicana Universal.\n\n", "Q77751": "Gert Hofmann (29 January 1931 \u2013 1 July 1993) was a German writer and professor of German literature.", "Q268627": "Tine Thing Helseth (English: TEE-n\u0259 ting HEL-s\u0259t, Norwegian: [\u02c8t\u00ec\u02d0n\u0259 t\u026a\u014b \u02c8h\u025b\u0300ls\u0259t]; born 18 August 1987) is a Norwegian trumpet soloist specializing in classical repertoire.", "Q2166695": "Roscoe Karns (September 7, 1891 \u2013 February 6, 1970) was an American actor who appeared in nearly 150 films between 1915 and 1964. He specialized in cynical, wise-cracking (and often tipsy) characters, and his rapid-fire delivery enlivened many comedies and crime thrillers in the 1930s and 1940s.", "Q277707": "Andre Levins, also known as A+ (born August 29, 1982,Hempstead, New York) is an American rapper. As a teenager he released albums in 1996 and in 1999.", "Q123488": "Gabriele Klein (born 1957) is a sociologist, dance theorist and professor at the University of Hamburg.", "Q276419": "Doris Margaret Kenyon (September 5, 1897 \u2013 September 1, 1979) was an American actress of motion pictures and television.", "Q4699780": "Ajit Gunottam Hutheesing (4 March 1936 \u2013 8 December 2017) was the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of International Capital Partners Inc. (ICP). ICP commenced investment activities in 1992, providing private placement equity to finance the growth of successful smaller companies. After a successful record of investments in small private and public companies, ICP began winding down its activities. Hutheesing was a member of the Greenwich Roundtable, a group of 100 invited members who collectively manage $1 trillion plus.", "Q18396": "Nadia Hordijenko Andrianova (\u041d\u0430\u0434\u0456\u044f \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0457\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430-\u0413\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0456\u0454\u043d\u043a\u043e in Ukrainian; 1921\u20131998) was a Ukrainian writer and translator of the language Esperanto. She studied literature and journalism in Kiev and published articles and translations in Paco and Hungara Vivo. In 1987, the Hungarian Esperanto Association published her autobiography Vagante tra la mondo maltrankvila. She also wrote about Vasili Eroshenko.", "Q464246": "Diana Nicole DeGarmo (born June 16, 1987) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She rose to fame in 2004 as the runner-up of the third season of American Idol, releasing her debut studio album, Blue Skies, later that year. The following year, DeGarmo ventured into a career in musical theatre. She has starred in two Broadway, one off-Broadway and three national tours. She made her television acting debut in a six-month arc as Angelina Veneziano on The Young and the Restless. DeGarmo has since released two extended plays, Unplugged in Nashville (2009) and Live to Love (2012). She is married to fifth season American Idol finalist Ace Young.", "Q103980": "Christian Edward Detmold (2 February 1810 Hanover \u2013 2 July 1887 New York City) was a civil engineer.", "Q269539": "George Fosbery Lyster FRSE (1821\u20131899) succeeded John Hartley as Engineer in Chief to the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board. He is usually referred to as G. F. Lyster.", "Q180337": "The Proposition is a 2005 Australian Western film directed by John Hillcoat and written by screenwriter and musician Nick Cave. It stars Guy Pearce, Ray Winstone, Emily Watson, John Hurt, Danny Huston and David Wenham. The film's production completed in 2004 and was followed by a wide 2005 release in Australia and a 2006 theatrical run in the U.S. through First Look Pictures.\n\n", "Q157309": "Simone Adolphine Weil (; French: [sim\u0254n v\u025bj] (listen); 3 February 1909 \u2013 24 August 1943) was a French philosopher, mystic, and political activist. The mathematician Andr\u00e9 Weil was her brother.After her graduation from formal education, Weil became a teacher. She taught intermittently throughout the 1930s, taking several breaks due to poor health and to devote herself to political activism, work that would see her assisting in the trade union movement, taking the side of the Anarchists known as the Durruti Column in the Spanish Civil War, and spending more than a year working as a labourer, mostly in auto factories, so she could better understand the working class.\nTaking a path that was unusual among twentieth-century left-leaning intellectuals, she became more religious and inclined towards mysticism as her life progressed. Weil wrote throughout her life, though most of her writings did not attract much attention until after her death. In the 1950s and 1960s, her work became famous in continental Europe and throughout the English-speaking world. Her thought has continued to be the subject of extensive scholarship across a wide range of fields. A meta study from the University of Calgary found that between 1995 and 2012 over 2,500 new scholarly works had been published about her.Albert Camus described her as \"the only great spirit of our times\".", "Q109513": "Wolfgang Krege (born 1 February 1939, Berlin; died 13 April 2005, Stuttgart) was a German author and translator.", "Q361617": "Elwyn Brooks White (July 11, 1899 \u2013 October 1, 1985) was an American writer. He was the author of several highly popular books for children, including Stuart Little (1945), Charlotte's Web (1952), and The Trumpet of the Swan (1970). In a 2012 survey of School Library Journal readers, Charlotte's Web came in first in their poll of the top one hundred children's novels. In addition, he was a contributor to The New Yorker magazine, and also a co-author of the English language style guide The Elements of Style. \n\n", "Q106620": "Dieter Weichert (born 5 March 1948) is a German mechanical engineer specialising in solid mechanics and polymer rheology. From 1995 to 2013 he was the Director of the Institute for General Mechanics of RWTH Aachen.", "Q90874": "Norman Rentrop (born 1957 in Bonn) is a German billionaire, publisher, author and investor.\nA self-confessed admirer of Warren Buffett and longstanding shareholder of Berkshire Hathaway, he is owner/shareholder of the German - based \"Rentrop publishing group\", \"Rentrop & Straton\" in Romania, \"Wiedza i Praktyka\" in Poland. His charitable foundation holds 51% of the charitable Bibel TV foundation. Since 2002 he supported the satellite television channel Bibel TV with 6.9 million Euro. In 2004 he sold his minority shares in news channel n-tv to CNN.Norman Rentrop is the first of five children of Friedhelm Rentrop, CPA. In 1975 he founded\nRentrop publishing. He made his A-Levels at the Jesuit boarding school Aloisiuskolleg in Bonn. Having been an exchange student to England he got his business idea: publishing a business magazine called Die Gesch\u00e4ftsidee which still is one of the flagship publications of his publishing company, which focuses on publishing newsletters and looseleaf services.In 2000 he moved from his position as Chief Executive Officer to the non-executive position as Chairman of Supervisory Board of his publishing company and started the charitable Rentrop foundation.\nRentrop is main sponsor of BG Rentrop Bonn 92 e.V. a women's professional basketball team in the German WNBA.\nHis private investment office includes the \"Dr. Els\u00e4sser Beteiligungsgesellschaft Nr II mbH\" which in 2003 bought a major stockholding in one of the top German soccer teams, Borussia Dortmund from Deutsche Bank. The stake was sold in 2004.", "Q888115": "Crossbones is an American action-adventure drama television series that aired on the NBC network from May 30 to August 2, 2014. The series is a fictionalization of the life of the pirate Edward \"Blackbeard\" Teach, who is still alive in 1729 (historically, he died in 1718). The show was created by Neil Cross, James V. Hart, and Amanda Welles.The network announced the series in May 2012 with a straight-to-series commitment. Ten episodes were ordered, and production began in Puerto Rico on October 15, 2013. The show was originally supposed to be a part of NBC's midseason schedule, but it was later pushed to summer. The series premiered on May 30, 2014, at 10:00 pm EDT.Crossbones is based on Colin Woodard's book The Republic of Pirates. Georgeville Television, which had been participating as a production company, dropped out of the project in 2013. On July 24, 2014, NBC announced that Crossbones had been canceled, and the final two episodes were removed from the schedule. However, both episodes were later aired on August 2, 2014.", "Q65355": "Seelisberg is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.", "Q8908": "The Council of Europe (CoE; French: Conseil de l'Europe, CdE; German: Europarat) is an international organisation whose stated aim is to uphold human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe. Founded in 1949, it has 47 member states, with a population of approximately 820 million, and operates with an annual budget of approximately 500 million euros.The organisation is distinct from the 27-nation European Union (EU), although it is sometimes confused with it, partly because the EU has adopted the original European Flag which was created by the Council of Europe in 1955, as well as the European Anthem. No country has ever joined the EU without first belonging to the Council of Europe. The Council of Europe is an official United Nations Observer.Unlike the EU, the Council of Europe cannot make binding laws, but it does have the power to enforce select international agreements reached by European states on various topics. The best known body of the Council of Europe is the European Court of Human Rights, which enforces the European Convention on Human Rights.\nThe Council's two statutory bodies are the Committee of Ministers, comprising the foreign ministers of each member state, and the Parliamentary Assembly, composed of members of the national parliaments of each member state. The Commissioner for Human Rights is an independent institution within the Council of Europe, mandated to promote awareness of and respect for human rights in the member states. The Secretary General heads the secretariat of the organisation. Other major CoE bodies include the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and the European Audiovisual Observatory.\nThe headquarters of the Council of Europe are in Strasbourg, France. English and French are its two official languages. The Committee of Ministers, the Parliamentary Assembly, and the Congress also use German, Italian, and Russian for some of their work.", "Q116433": "Erika Forster-Vannini (born 27 February 1944 in Z\u00fcrich) is a Swiss politician of the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland and former president of the Swiss Council of States (2009/2010).\nShe held many other offices, including President of the Foundation for the Protection of the Swiss Landscape, Member of the Board of the Association of Private Limited Companies, Member of the Board of the Minergie Association, President of the Foundation for Psychiatric Services for Young People in the Canton of St. Gallen, President of the Supervisory Board of the Institute for Management and Human Resources Management at the University of St. Gallen, and President of the Board of Directors of ERSIAN, Z\u00fcrich. She is a citizen of St. Gallen and Neunkirch (Schaffhausen). Her husband is Ueli Forster and she has four children and four grandchildren.Mrs Forster-Vannini's political career began in 1977 when she was elected to the St. Gallen City Council. She served as President of that body in 1982 and remained a member until 1988, when she became a member of the St. Gallen Cantonal Council. She served as President of the Cantonal Council in 1994-5, after which she was elected to the Council of States. She was a member of the Council of States from 1995 to 2011.\nShe has been outspoken about maternity health issues, passive smoking and internet addiction.\n\n", "Q470233": "Marta Verner (n\u00e9e Jandov\u00e1; born 13 April 1974) is a Czech musician and actress, best known for being the lead singer of the German alternative rock band Die Happy. She represented the Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 along with V\u00e1clav Noid B\u00e1rta with the song \"Hope Never Dies\".", "Q1092": "Star Trek is an American media franchise based on the science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry. The first television series, called Star Trek and now known as \"The Original Series\", debuted on September 8, 1966 and aired for three seasons on NBC. It followed the voyages of the starship USS Enterprise on its five-year mission, the purpose of which was \"to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldly go where no man has gone before\". The USS Enterprise was a space exploration vessel built by the United Federation of Planets in the 23rd century. The Star Trek canon includes the Original Series, an animated series, six spin-off television series, the film franchise, and further adaptations in several media.\nIn creating Star Trek, Roddenberry was inspired by C. S. Forester's Horatio Hornblower series of novels, Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, and television westerns such as Wagon Train. These adventures continued in the 22-episode Star Trek: The Animated Series and six feature films. Six new television series were eventually produced: Star Trek: The Next Generation follows the crew of a new starship Enterprise a century after the original series; Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Star Trek: Voyager are set contemporaneously with the Next Generation, and Enterprise, set before the original series in the early days of human interstellar travel. The most recent Star Trek television series, Star Trek: Discovery and Star Trek: Picard, stream exclusively on digital platforms. The adventures of the Next Generation crew continued in four additional feature films. In 2009, the film franchise underwent a reboot called the Kelvin Timeline. Three films were made in this alternate universe. An additional television series is in development, Star Trek: Lower Decks. Appearing on CBS All Access, it is scheduled to debut in 2020.\nStar Trek has been a cult phenomenon for decades. Fans of the franchise are called \"Trekkies\" or \"Trekkers\". The franchise spans a wide range of spin-offs including games, figurines, novels, toys, and comics. Star Trek had a themed attraction in Las Vegas that opened in 1998 and closed in September 2008. At least two museum exhibits of props travel the world. The series has its own full-fledged constructed language, Klingon. Several parodies have been made of Star Trek. In addition, viewers have produced several fan productions. As of July 2016, the franchise had generated $10 billion in revenue, making Star Trek one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time.Star Trek is noted for its cultural influence beyond works of science fiction. The franchise is also noted for its progressive civil rights stances. The Original Series included one of television's first multiracial casts.", "Q263772": "Nancy Lamoureaux Wilson (born March 16, 1954) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, producer, and film composer. She rose to fame alongside her older sister, singer Ann Wilson, as a guitarist and backing vocalist in the rock band Heart, which she joined in 1974.\nRaised near Seattle, Washington in the suburb of Bellevue, Wilson began playing music as a teenager. During college, she joined her sister Ann, who had recently begun a tenure as the singer of Heart. The first hard rock band fronted by women, Heart released numerous albums throughout the late 1970s and 1980s, beginning with Dreamboat Annie (1975), and Little Queen (1977), both of which generated chart singles such as \"Magic Man\", \"Crazy on You\", and \"Barracuda\". The band also had commercial success later on, especially with their eighth, ninth and tenth studio albums, Heart, Bad Animals and Brigade, which were released in 1985, 1987, and 1990. Over the duration of their career, Heart has sold well over 35 million records.Wilson has been lauded for her guitar playing, noted for its blending elements of flamenco and classical guitar styles with hard rock. In 2016, Gibson ranked Wilson the eighth-greatest female guitarist of all time. She is also an accomplished singer in her own right, being the lead vocalist in the song \"These Dreams\", which became Heart's first number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100.", "Q192733": "Sheremetyevo Alexander S. Pushkin International Airport (Russian: \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0428\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0410.\u0421. \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430, IPA: [\u0282\u0268r\u02b2\u026a\u02c8m\u02b2et\u02b2j\u026av\u0259] Mezhdunarodnyy aeroport Sheremet'yevo imeni A.S. Pushkina) (IATA: SVO, ICAO: UUEE) is one of four international airports that serve the city of Moscow. It is the busiest airport in Russia, as well as the eighth-busiest airport in Europe. Originally built as a military airbase, Sheremetyevo was converted into a civilian airport in 1959, and in a 2019 contest, was named after Russian poet Alexander Pushkin.The airport comprises six terminals: four international terminals (one under construction), one domestic terminal, and one private aviation terminal. It is located 29 km (18 mi) northwest of central Moscow, in the city of Khimki, Moscow Oblast.In 2017, the airport handled about 40.1 million passengers and 308,090 aircraft movements. During 2018, the airport reported a 14.3% increase in passengers for a total of 45.8 million. There was also a 15.9% increase in aircraft traffic year over year. Sheremetyevo serves as the main hub for Russian flag carrier Aeroflot and its branch Rossiya Airlines, Nordwind Airlines and its branch Pegas Fly, Royal Flight, and Ural Airlines.", "Q100251": "Peter Vogel (22 March 1937 \u2013 21 September 1978) was a German film actor. He appeared in 66 films between 1954 and 1978. He was born in Munich, Germany and died in Vienna, Austria, after committing suicide. His father was the actor Rudolf Vogel. He was married to the Austrian actress Gertraud Jesserer and is the father of actor-journalist Nikolas Vogel. was interred next to his father at Bogenhausener Friedhof, Germany.", "Q235534": "Traylor Elizabeth Howard (born June 14, 1966) is an American actress. Her roles include Sharon Carter on the television series Two Guys and a Girl, and Natalie Teeger on the USA Network series Monk.", "Q110042": "Anneli Ute Gabanyi (born October 18, 1942) is a German political scientist, literary critic, journalist, and philologist of Romanian background, especially known for her research on the society and culture of the Cold War period in Romania and the Romanian Revolution of 1989. A former main analyst for S\u00fcdost-Institut in Munich, she is an associate researcher for the German Institute for International and Security Issues (Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik) in Berlin.\n\n", "Q74258": "Wotan Wilke M\u00f6hring (born May 23, 1967) is a German actor.", "Q456592": "LaTavia Marie Roberson (born November 1, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Roberson rose to fame in the late 1990s as an original member of the R&B group Destiny's Child, one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time.\nFollowing her departure from the group, Roberson formed Anjel along with former Destiny's Child member LeToya Luckett. After their album was shelved, Roberson went on hiatus and returned to Houston. Roberson has starred in various stage plays including Those Jeans, How to Love, and Not My Family. Roberson also became a main cast-member for R&B Divas: Atlanta alongside singers such as Angie Stone, Keke Wyatt and long-time friend Meelah of 702.Roberson has sold over 25 million records with Destiny's Child. Her work has earned her several awards and nominations, including two Grammy Awards and three Soul Train Music Awards.", "Q130392": "Stanis\u0142awa Angel-Engel\u00f3wna (23 April 1908 \u2013 7 August 1958) was a Polish stage and film actress.", "Q235252": "Patricia Mae Giraldo (n\u00e9e Andrzejewski; born January 10, 1953), known professionally as Pat Benatar, is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and four-time Grammy Award winner. She has two RIAA-certified multi-platinum albums, five platinum albums, three gold albums, and 15 Billboard Top 40 singles, including the Top 10 hits \"Hit Me with Your Best Shot\", \"Love Is a Battlefield\", \"We Belong\", and \"Invincible\". She was nominated for a 2020 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Q168847": "Brittany Anne Murphy-Monjack (n\u00e9e Bertolotti; November 10, 1977 \u2013 December 20, 2009) was an American actress and singer. Born in Atlanta, Murphy moved to Los Angeles as a teenager and pursued a career in acting. Her breakthrough role was as Tai Frasier in Clueless (1995), followed by supporting roles in independent films such as Freeway (1996) and Bongwater (1998). She made her stage debut in a Broadway production of Arthur Miller's A View from the Bridge in 1997, before appearing as Daisy Randone in Girl, Interrupted (1999) and as Lisa Swenson in Drop Dead Gorgeous (1999).\nIn the 2000s Murphy appeared in Don't Say a Word (2001) alongside Michael Douglas, and alongside Eminem in 8 Mile (2002), for which she gained critical recognition. Her later roles included Riding in Cars with Boys (2001), Spun (2002), Just Married (2003), Uptown Girls (2003), Sin City (2005), and Happy Feet (2006). Murphy also voiced Luanne Platter on the animated television series King of the Hill (1997\u20132009). Her final film, Something Wicked, was released in April 2014.\nIn December 2009, Murphy died of pneumonia at the age of 32.", "Q3181327": "John Davidson (December 25, 1886 \u2013 January 16, 1968) was an American stage and film actor. He appeared in 148 films between 1915 and 1963. He was born in New York, New York and died in Los Angeles, California.", "Q118378": "Ernst Christian Wilhelm Ackermann (14 June 1761, Weimar \u2013 4 October 1835, Jena) was a German public servant and writer.\nHe studied in Leipzig and Jena between 1779 and 1782, and was a childhood friend of August von Kotzebue. In the following years, he worked as judiciary auditor under his father in Ilmenau, and later as private lecturer. In 1790, he became adjunct and when his father died in 1792, Ernst Ackermann took his place as judiciary bailiff. Ackerman resigned when Ilmenau was annexed to Weimar and economic conditions became less favourable. Consequently, he was assigned Privy Referendar at the Ministry of Justice where he stayed until 1826, when he retired.\nAckermann made a large number of anonymous contributions to different journals. After the death of Kotzebue, he remained the sole editor of the Literarisches Wochenblatt.", "Q99850": "Hu Yaobang (20 November 1915 \u2013 15 April 1989) was a high-ranking official of the People's Republic of China. He held the top office of the Communist Party of China from 1981 to 1987, first as Chairman from 1981 to 1982, then as General Secretary from 1982 to 1987. Hu joined the Chinese Communist Party in the 1930s, and rose to prominence as a comrade of Deng Xiaoping. During the Cultural Revolution (1966\u20131976), Hu was purged, recalled, and purged again by Mao Zedong.\nAfter Deng rose to power, following the death of Mao Zedong, Hu was promoted to a series of high political positions. Throughout the 1980s Hu pursued a series of economic and political reforms under the direction of Deng. Hu's political and economic reforms made him the enemy of several powerful Party elders, who opposed free market reforms and attempts to make China's government more transparent. When widespread student protests occurred across China in 1987, Hu's political opponents successfully blamed Hu for the disruptions, claiming that Hu's \"laxness\" and \"bourgeois liberalization\" had either led to, or worsened, the protests. Hu was forced to resign as Party general secretary in 1987, but was allowed to retain a seat in the Politburo.\nHu's position as Party general secretary was taken by Zhao Ziyang, who continued many of Hu's economic and political reforms. A day after Hu's death in 1989, a small-scale demonstration commemorated him and demanded that the government reassess his legacy. A week later, the day before Hu's funeral, some 100,000 students marched on Tiananmen Square, leading to the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests which were a part of the Chinese Democracy Movement. Following the government's violent suppression of the 1989 protests, the Chinese government censored the details of Hu's life within mainland China, but it officially rehabilitated his image and lifted its censorship restrictions on the 90th anniversary of Hu's birth, in 2005.", "Q185529": "Pornographic films (pornos), erotic films, or sex films, are films that present sexually explicit subject matter in order to arouse and satisfy the viewer. Pornographic films present sexual fantasies and usually include erotically stimulating material such as nudity (softcore) and sexual intercourse (hardcore). A distinction is sometimes made between \"erotic\" and \"pornographic\" films on the basis that the latter category contains more explicit sexuality, and focuses more on arousal than storytelling, but the distinction is highly subjective.\nPornographic films are produced and distributed on a variety of media, depending on the demand and technology available, including traditional film stock in various formats, video for home viewing, DVDs, Internet download, cable TV, in addition to other media. Today, pornographic films are sold or rented on DVD; shown through Internet streaming, special channels and pay-per-view on cable and satellite; and viewed in rapidly disappearing adult theaters. By law, they are generally not permitted to be shown in mainstream cinemas, or on free-to-air television.\nFilms with risqu\u00e9 content have been produced since the invention of motion picture in the 1880s. Production of such films was profitable, and a number of producers began to specialize in their production. However, various groups within society considered such depictions immoral, labeled them \"pornographic\", and attempted to have them suppressed under obscenity laws, with varying degrees of success. Such films continued to be produced, but could only be distributed by underground channels. Because the viewing of such films carried a social stigma, they were viewed at brothels, adult movie theaters, stag parties, at home, in private clubs, and also at night cinemas.\nOnly in the 1970s, during the Golden Age of Porn, were pornographic films semi-legitimized; and by the 1980s, pornography on home video achieved wider distribution. The rise of the Internet in the late 1990s and early 2000s similarly changed the way pornographic films were distributed, complicating censorship regimes around the world and legal prosecutions of \"obscenity\".", "Q310950": "Thomas Loren Friedman (; born July 20, 1953) is an American political commentator and author. He is a three-time Pulitzer Prize winner who is a weekly columnist for The New York Times. He has written extensively on foreign affairs, global trade, the Middle East, globalization, and environmental issues.\nHe has been criticized for his staunch advocacy of the Iraq War and unregulated trade and his early support of Saudi Royal Prince Mohammed bin Salman.", "Q23466": "Christopher Whitelaw Pine (born August 26, 1980) is an American actor. Pine made his feature film debut as Lord Devereaux in The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (2004), and is known for playing James T. Kirk in the Star Trek reboot film series (2009\u20132016), Will Colson in Unstoppable (2010), Cinderella's Prince in Into the Woods (2014), Jack Ryan in Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014), Toby Howard in Hell or High Water (2016), Bernie Webber in The Finest Hours (2016), Steve Trevor in Wonder Woman (2017), Dr. Alexander Murry in A Wrinkle in Time (2018), and Robert the Bruce in Outlaw King (2018).", "Q958650": "The University of M\u00e1laga (UMA, Universidad de M\u00e1laga) is a public university ranked 23 among all Spanish universities (ref) and 683 in the World (ref). It was established in 1972 and has, as of 2016, 30,203 Bachelor students and 2576 on a Master's program, 1255 tenured and 1056 temporary teachers. The UMA offers 65 degree courses and 6 double degrees, over 21 doctoral programmes, 64 master's Degrees, and 100 courses throughout the academic year. Education takes place in 18 centres by appointed teachers from 81 departments. The great majority of the teaching is organised within the two campuses, although classes also take place in locations spread around the city centre, as well as in Ronda and Antequera.", "Q781514": "Aurel Vlaicu (Romanian pronunciation: [a.u\u02c8rel \u02c8vlajku] (listen); 19 November 1882 \u2013 13 September 1913) was a Romanian engineer, inventor, airplane constructor and early pilot.", "Q1186231": "William Taylor \"Billy\" Bryans (September 15, 1947 \u2013 April 23, 2012) was a Canadian percussionist, songwriter, music producer and DJ, known as one of the founders of The Parachute Club, among other accomplishments in music. As a producer, he worked on projects for artists as diverse as Dutch Mason, Raffi, Lillian Allen and the Downchild Blues Band. He was born in Montreal, but spent most of his adult life in Toronto, and was particularly supportive of world music as both a promoter and publicist, focusing on bringing Caribbean, Cuban and Latin American music to a wider audience.", "Q54836": "Molly My Marianne Sand\u00e9n (born 3 July 1992) is a Swedish pop singer and voice actress. As a teenager, she represented Sweden in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest in 2006 and participated in Melodifestivalen in 2009 and as a young adult in 2012 and 2016. Her sisters Frida and Mimmi are also singers. In 2018 Sand\u00e9n released her third studio album, St\u00f6rre. Her fourth studio album was released in early 2019, called Det b\u00e4sta kanske inte h\u00e4nt \u00e4n.", "Q1711470": "Sr\u0111an \"\u017dika\" Todorovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0421\u0440\u0452\u0430\u043d \"\u0416\u0438\u043a\u0430\" \u0422\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; born 28 March 1965) is a Serbian actor and musician. Todorovi\u0107 has served as a member of numerous bands, including Ekatarina Velika, Disciplina Ki\u010dme, Radni\u010dka Kontrola and Bezobrazno Zeleno.\n\u017dika is the son of Serbian actor Bora Todorovi\u0107 and his first wife Sne\u017eana Mati\u0107.\nHe is married to Ana, with whom he had a son Dejan who died in late 2017 at three years of age.", "Q4392436": "Vladislav Matusovich Reznik (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a; born 17 May 1954) is a Russian businessman and politician. He is the chairman of the insurance company Rus, member of the general council of the United Russia political party, Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Finances, former chairman of Rosgosstrakh.", "Q291282": "Lluvia Rojo Moro (born November 6, 1976 in Madrid) is a Spanish actress and singer.\nShe studied Translation and Interpretation (English and German) in Madrid, New York City and Berlin, and drama at the Jorge E\u00ednes' Atelier. She's also a member of the hard-pop band No Band For Lluvia (Subterfuge Records) along with Kevin Kajetzke, Dar\u00edo Lofish, and Lyndon Parish .", "Q327124": "Ahman Rashad Green (; born February 16, 1977) is a former American football running back who played 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) and currently the head eSports coach at Lakeland University. He was drafted by the Seattle Seahawks in the 3rd round of the 1998 NFL Draft. He played college football at Nebraska. Green also played for the Houston Texans, and was a four-time Pro Bowl selection with the Packers, where he holds the franchise record for rushing yards.", "Q1701663": "John S. Watson (born 1956) is an American businessman. He served as the chief executive officer and chairman of the board of the Chevron Corporation from January 1, 2010 to January 31, 2018.", "Q313281": "Michel Jean Legrand (French pronunciation: \u200b[mi\u0283\u025bl l\u0259\u0261\u0281\u0251\u0303]; 24 February 1932 \u2013 26 January 2019) was a French musical composer, arranger, conductor, and jazz pianist. Legrand was a prolific composer, having written over 200 film and television scores, in addition to many songs. His scores for the films of French New Wave director Jacques Demy, The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964) and The Young Girls of Rochefort (1967), earned Legrand his first Academy Award nominations. Legrand won his first Oscar for the song \"The Windmills of Your Mind\" from The Thomas Crown Affair (1968).", "Q112133": "Franz Tost (born 20 January 1956 in Trins, Austria) is an Austrian former racing driver and current team principal of the Scuderia AlphaTauri Formula One team.", "Q5592": "Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (Italian: [mike\u02c8land\u0292elo di lodo\u02c8vi\u02d0ko \u02ccbw\u0254nar\u02c8r\u0254\u02d0ti si\u02c8mo\u02d0ni]; 6 March 1475 \u2013 18 February 1564), known best as simply Michelangelo (English: ), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. His artistic versatility was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his rival, the fellow Florentine, Leonardo da Vinci. Several scholars have described Michelangelo as the greatest artist of his age and even as the greatest artist of all time.A number of Michelangelo's works of painting, sculpture and architecture rank among the most famous in existence. His output in these fields was prodigious; given the sheer volume of surviving correspondence, sketches and reminiscences, he is the best-documented artist of the 16th century. He sculpted two of his best-known works, the Piet\u00e0 and David, before the age of thirty. Despite holding a low opinion of painting, he also created two of the most influential frescoes in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, and The Last Judgment on its altar wall. His design of the Laurentian Library pioneered Mannerist architecture. At the age of 74, he succeeded Antonio da Sangallo the Younger as the architect of St. Peter's Basilica. He transformed the plan so that the western end was finished to his design, as was the dome, with some modification, after his death.\nMichelangelo was the first Western artist whose biography was published while he was alive. In fact, two biographies were published during his lifetime. One of them, by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that Michelangelo's work transcended that of any artist living or dead, and was \"supreme in not one art alone but in all three\".In his lifetime, Michelangelo was often called Il Divino (\"the divine one\"). His contemporaries often admired his terribilit\u00e0\u2014his ability to instil a sense of awe. Attempts by subsequent artists to imitate Michelangelo's impassioned, highly personal style resulted in Mannerism, the next major movement in Western art after the High Renaissance.", "Q76329": "Jochen Klepper (March 22, 1903 \u2013 December 11, 1942) was a German writer, poet and journalist.", "Q577548": "Jean Pr\u00e9vost (13 June 1901 \u2013 1 August 1944) was a French writer, journalist, and Resistance fighter.\nBorn in Saint-Pierre-l\u00e8s-Nemours, Pr\u00e9vost was educated (from 1907 to 1911) at the primary school in Montivilliers. near Rouen, where his father was principal. In 1911, he moved to the prestidigious Lyc\u00e9e Pierre Corneille in Rouen. In 1918, he transferred to the lyc\u00e9e Henri-IV in Paris, where he studied under the philosopher Alain, to prepare for his entry to the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure, in 1919.In 1926 he married Marcelle Auclair with whom he had three children (Michel, Fran\u00e7oise and Alain). They divorced in 1939.\nIn June 1925, Adrienne Monnier launched a French language review, Le Navire d'Argent, and invited Pr\u00e9vost to be its literary editor. Le Navire d'Argent was international in its scope and published American works in translation as well as devoting an issue (March 1926) to American writers including Walt Whitman, William Carlos Williams and E. E. Cummings. It also first introduced Ernest Hemingway in translation to French audiences. Pr\u00e9vost was the first to commission a work from Antoine de Saint-Exup\u00e9ry, publishing The Aviator in the review's eleventh issue. After twelve issues, the project had to be abandoned as the effort and the cost was more than Monnier could bear.At the beginning of World War II, he was mobilized and assigned to telephone control at Le Havre. After his first marriage ended, he married Claude Van Biema, a doctor. He was evacuated by sea to Casablanca and returned to France later.\nHe joined the underground National Committee of Writers, created by Louis Aragon and his wife, and took part in the creation of the clandestine newspaper Les \u00c9toiles at the end of 1942. He wrote a doctoral thesis: La cr\u00e9ation chez Stendhal, essai sur le m\u00e9tier d'\u00e9crire et la psychologie de l'\u00e9crivain (Creativity in Stendhal, essay on the craft of writing and the psychology of the writer), which won the grand prize for literature of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1943.\nHe was a Resistance fighter under the name of Captaine Goderville (the village where his father was from). Biographer J\u00e9r\u00f4me Garcin writes that Pr\u00e9vost fought with \"a gun in his hand and a knife in his pocket and, in his backpack, the unfinished manuscript of his Beaudelaire together with a portable typewriter\". He was killed in a German ambush at the Pont Charvin, in Sassenage, on 1 August 1944.The lyc\u00e9es (secondary schools) in Villard-de-Lans and Montivilliers are named in his honor.", "Q83808": "Fran\u00e7ois Joseph Lefebvre ( l\u0259-FEV-r\u0259, French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa \u0292\u0254z\u025bf l\u0259f\u025bv\u0281]; 25 October 1755 \u2013 14 September 1820), Duc de Dantzig, was a French military commander during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and one of the original eighteen Marshals of the Empire created by Napoleon.", "Q69209": "Hermann Emil Alfred Max Trapp (November 1, 1887 \u2013 May 31, 1971) was a German composer and teacher. A prestigious figure in the Berlin cultural scene during the 1930s, Trapp, amongst others in the Nazi influenced scene, was regularly invited to contribute to concert programs and competitions.Trapp was born in Berlin and attended the Berlin Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik (now the Berlin University of the Arts) where he studied under Paul Juon and Ern\u0151 Dohn\u00e1nyi. After the completion of his studies, he did not have regular employment and worked as an itinerant pianist. In 1920, however, he obtained a post as lecturer at the Berlin conservatoire, becoming a professor there in 1926. His best-known pupils include Josef Tal, Sabur\u014d Moroi and G\u00fcnter Raphael.\nBetween 1926 and 1930, Trapp offered a master class in composition at the music conservatoire in Dortmund. In 1932 he joined the NSDAP. In June 1933, Trapp joined the National Socialist movement through an \"Appeal to the Creative\" (Appell an die Schaffenden). In 1934, he stepped down from the Berlin conservatoire and became the director of a masterclass in composition at the Berlin Academy of Arts (since merged with the University of the Arts). Here from 1936-9 he taught Sophie Carmen Eckhardt-Gramatt\u00e9.\nIn 1940, Trapp received the national composition prize. From 1950 to 1953, he was a teacher at Berlin's St\u00e4dtischen Konservatorium.He died at the age of 83 in Berlin.", "Q181997": "Gilles Marini (born January 26, 1976) is a French-American actor, known for his roles in the film Sex and the City and in the American television shows Brothers & Sisters, Switched at Birth and Devious Maids. He was also the runner-up in season 8 of Dancing with the Stars, and was one of the returning celebrities in season 15. He was also a French co-host on the Netflix show Ultimate Beastmaster.", "Q323342": "Arthur Ochs \"Punch\" Sulzberger Sr. (February 5, 1926 \u2013 September 29, 2012) was an American publisher and a businessman. Born into a prominent media and publishing family, Sulzberger became publisher of The New York Times in 1963 and chairman of the board of The New York Times Company in 1973. Sulzberger relinquished to his son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., the office of publisher in 1992, and chairman of the board in 1997.", "Q102320": "Franz Matt (September 9, 1860 in Offenbach an der Queich, Palatinate, Germany \u2013 August 4, 1929 in Munich) was a German lawyer, politician and minister, who belonged to the Bavarian People's Party (BVP). Following the revolution, he substantially defined and put through Bavarian cultural and educational policy.", "Q68117": "Charlotte Birch-Pfeiffer (23 June 1800 in Stuttgart \u2013 25 August 1868 in Berlin) was a German actress, writer, director of the Stadttheater in Z\u00fcrich for six years, and author of over 100 plays and libretto.", "Q548960": "David Graham Phillips (October 31, 1867 \u2013 January 24, 1911) was an American novelist and journalist of the muckraker tradition.", "Q556586": "Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (Arabic \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0645) (born 14 November 1982) is the Crown Prince of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. He is popularly known as Fazza (Arabic: \u0641\u0632\u0627\u0639\u200e), the name under which he publishes his poetry, and which means \"the one who helps\" in Arabic.\n\n", "Q67224": "Hans Christoph Ernst Freiherr von Gagern (25 January 1766 \u2013 22 October 1852), German statesman and political writer, was born at Kleinniedesheim, near Worms. After studying law at the universities of Leipzig and G\u00f6ttingen, he entered the service of the Prince of Nassau-Weilburg, whom in 1791 he represented at the imperial diet.He was afterwards appointed the prince's envoy at Paris, where he remained until the decree of Napoleon, forbidding all persons born on the left side of the Rhine to serve any other state than France, compelled him to resign his office (1811).He then retired to Vienna, and in 1812 he took part in the attempt to excite a second insurrection against Napoleon in Tyrol. On the failure of this attempt he left Austria and joined the headquarters of the Prussian army (1813), and became a member of the board of administration for north Germany. In 1814 he was appointed administrator of the Orange principalities; and, when the Prince of Orange became king of the Netherlands, Gagern became his prime minister.In 1815 he represented him at the Congress of Vienna, and succeeded in obtaining for the Netherlands a considerable augmentation of territory. From 1816 to 1818 he was Luxemburg envoy at the German diet, but was recalled, at the instance of Metternich, owing to his too independent advocacy of state constitutions. In 1820 he retired with a pension to his estate at Hornau, near Hochst, in Hesse-Darmstadt; but as a member of the first chamber of the states of the Grand Duchy he continued to take an active share in the promotion of measures for the welfare of his country. He retired from public life in 1848, and died at Hornau.Of his sons, Heinrich von Gagern and Max von Gagern also became politicians, and Friedrich Balduin von Gagern became a soldier.", "Q77037": "Edgar Hilsenrath (April 2, 1926 \u2013 December 30, 2018) was a German-Jewish writer and Holocaust survivor. He wrote several fictional novels that gave an unvarnished view of the Holocaust which were partly based on his own experiences in a Nazi concentration camp. His main works are Night, The Nazi and the Barber, and The Story of the Last Thought. After fleeing Nazi Germany in 1944, he lived in Palestine and France, before settling in New York City in 1951 where he lived for 24 years and published his first novels. Although he was a naturalized United States citizen, he chose to return to Germany in 1975 where he lived until his death in 2018.", "Q4885798": "Benjamin \u201cBen\u201d Harper (1817\u20131887) was an American businessman and politician.", "Q3318964": "Mohammad Taqi Danesh Pajouh (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u200e; born 1911 in Amol and died 1996), was an Iranian scholar and author on Persian and Islamic studies. He served for decades as deputy librarian at Tehran University before joining the Department of History of the Faculty of Theology at that school. In addition to editing and publishing works of others, he authored a number of articles of his own.", "Q539155": "Marius de Vries (born 1961) is an English music producer and composer. He has won a Grammy Award from four nominations, two BAFTA Awards, and an Ivor Novello Award.", "Q717204": "Kim James Newman (born 31 July 1959) is an English journalist, film critic, and fiction writer. Recurring interests visible in his work include film history and horror fiction\u2014both of which he attributes to seeing Tod Browning's Dracula at the age of eleven\u2014and alternate fictional versions of history. He has won the Bram Stoker Award, the International Horror Guild Award, and the BSFA award.", "Q71452": "Mireille Mathieu (French: [mi\u0281\u025bj matj\u00f8]; born 22 July 1946), is a French singer. She has recorded over 1200 songs in eleven languages, with more than 150 million albums sold worldwide.", "Q207592": "Sylvia Maria Kristel (28 September 1952 \u2013 17 October 2012) was a Dutch model and actress who appeared in over 50 films. She is best remembered as the eponymous character in five of the seven Emmanuelle films.", "Q279058": "British Agent is a 1934 American espionage film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Leslie Howard and Kay Francis. It is based on Memoirs of a British Agent, the 1932 autobiography of R. H. Bruce Lockhart, who had spent a number of years working for the British Secret Service during the Russian Revolution. The film was produced by First National, which was then a division of Warner Bros..", "Q188019": "Primeval is a 2007 American action-adventure horror film directed by Michael Katleman and starring Dominic Purcell, Orlando Jones, and Brooke Langton. It is partially inspired by the true story of Gustave, a 20 foot (6.1 m), 2,200 pounds (1,000 kg; 1.00 t) giant, man-eating crocodile in Burundi, and centers on a team of American journalists who travel to Burundi to film and capture him.\nThe film was released on January 12, 2007 worldwidely.", "Q152503": "Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [m\u02b2\u026ax\u0250\u02c8i\u026b x\u0259d\u0250r\u02c8kofsk\u02b2\u026aj]; born 26 June 1963) is an exiled Russian businessman, philanthropist and former oligarch, now residing in London. In 2003, Khodorkovsky was believed to be the wealthiest man in Russia, with a fortune estimated to be worth $15 billion, and was ranked 16th on Forbes list of billionaires. He had worked his way up the Komsomol apparatus, during the Soviet years, and started several businesses during the period of glasnost and perestroika in the late 1980s. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, in the mid-1990s, he accumulated considerable wealth by obtaining control of a number of Siberian oil fields unified under the name Yukos, one of the major companies to emerge from the privatization of state assets during the 1990s (a scheme known as \"Loans for Shares\").\nIn October 2003, he was arrested by Russian authorities and charged with fraud. The government under Russian president Vladimir Putin then froze shares of Yukos shortly thereafter on tax charges. Putin's government took further actions against Yukos, leading to a collapse of the company's share price and the evaporation of much of Khodorkovsky's wealth. In May 2005, he was found guilty and sentenced to nine years in prison. In December 2010, while he was still serving his sentence, Khodorkovsky and his business partner Platon Lebedev were further charged with and found guilty of embezzlement and money laundering; Khodorkovsky's prison sentence was extended to 2014. After Hans-Dietrich Genscher lobbied for his release, President Vladimir Putin pardoned Khodorkovsky, releasing him from jail on 20 December 2013.There was widespread concern internationally that the trials and sentencing were politically motivated. The trial was criticized abroad for the lack of due process. Khodorkovsky lodged several applications with the European Court of Human Rights, seeking redress for alleged violations by Russia of his human rights. In response to his first application, which concerned events from 2003 to 2005, the court found that several violations were committed by the Russian authorities in their treatment of Khodorkovsky. Despite these findings, the court ultimately ruled that the trial was not politically motivated, but rather \"that the charges against him were grounded in 'reasonable suspicion'\". He was considered to be a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International.Upon being pardoned by Putin and released from prison at the end of 2013, Khodorkovsky immediately left Russia and was granted residency in Switzerland. At the end of 2013, his personal estate was believed to be worth, as a rough estimate, $100\u2013250 million. At the end of 2014, he was said to be worth about $500 million. 2015 he moved to London. In December 2016, a court unfroze $100m of Khodorkovsky's assets that had been held in Ireland.In 2014, Khodorkovsky re-launched Open Russia to promote several reforms to Russian civil society, including free and fair elections, political education, protection of journalists and activists, endorsing the rule of law, and ensuring media independence. He has been described by The Economist as \"the Kremlin's leading critic-in-exile\".", "Q1150105": "The University of Tennessee (The University of Tennessee, Knoxville; UT Knoxville; UTK; or UT) is a public research university in Knoxville, Tennessee. Founded in 1794, two years before Tennessee became the 16th state, it is the flagship campus of the University of Tennessee system, with ten undergraduate colleges and eleven graduate colleges. It hosts almost 28,000 students from all 50 states and more than 100 foreign countries. In its 2020 universities ranking, U.S. News & World Report ranked UT 104th among all national universities and 44th among public institutions of higher learning. Seven of its alumni have been selected as Rhodes Scholars. James M. Buchanan, M.S. '41, received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Economics. UT's ties to nearby Oak Ridge National Laboratory, established under UT President Andrew Holt and continued under the UT\u2013Battelle partnership, allow for considerable research opportunities for faculty and students.\nAlso affiliated with the university are the Howard H. Baker Jr. Center for Public Policy, the University of Tennessee Anthropological Research Facility, and the University of Tennessee Arboretum, which occupies 250 acres (100 ha) of nearby Oak Ridge and features hundreds of species of plants indigenous to the region. The university is a direct partner of the University of Tennessee Medical Center, which is one of two Level I trauma centers in East Tennessee.\nThe University of Tennessee is the only university in the nation to have three presidential papers editing projects. The university holds collections of the papers of all three U.S. presidents from Tennessee\u2014Andrew Jackson, James K. Polk, and Andrew Johnson. UT is one of the oldest public universities in the United States and the oldest secular institution west of the Eastern Continental Divide.", "Q68103": "Interlaken (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u026ant\u0259rlakn\u0329]; lit.: between lakes) is a Swiss town and municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern. It is an important and well-known tourist destination in the Bernese Highlands region of the Swiss Alps, and the main transport gateway to the mountains and lakes of that region.\nThe town is located on the flat alluvial land called B\u00f6deli between two lakes, Brienz to the east and Thun to the west, and alongside the river Aare, which flows between them. Transport routes to the east and west alongside the lakes are complemented by a route southwards into the near mountain resorts and high mountains, e.g. the famous high Alpine peaks of Eiger, M\u00f6nch, and Jungfrau, following upwards the L\u00fctschine.\nInterlaken is the central town of a Small Agglomeration with the same name of 23,300 inhabitants.The official language of Interlaken is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q472356": "Viktor Vladimirovich Yerofeyev (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432, also transliterated as Erofeyev; born September 19, 1947 in Moscow) is a Russian writer. As son of a high-ranking Soviet diplomat Vladimir Yerofeyev, he spent some of his childhood in Paris, which accounts for why much of his work has been translated from Russian into French, while comparatively little has been translated into English. His father, who was the interpreter for Molotov in the 1940s, wrote a book of memories; his brother is a curator at the Tretyakov Gallery.", "Q114556": "Maria Chmurkowska (9 January 1901 \u2013 9 June 1979) was a Polish film actress. She appeared in ten films between 1934 and 1967.", "Q260509": "Submarine is a 2010 coming-of-age comedy-drama film written and directed by Richard Ayoade and starring Craig Roberts, Yasmin Paige, Noah Taylor, Paddy Considine and Sally Hawkins. It was adapted from the 2008 novel Submarine by Joe Dunthorne, and is an international co-production between the United Kingdom and the United States. Submarine is Ayoade's directorial debut.", "Q189307": "Reinhold Andreas Messner (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281a\u026a\u032fnh\u0254lt \u02c8m\u025bsn\u0250]) (born 17 September 1944) is an Italian mountaineer, explorer, and author. He made the first solo ascent of Mount Everest, the first ascent of Everest without supplemental oxygen, along with Peter Habeler, and was the first climber to ascend all fourteen peaks over 8,000 metres (26,000 ft) above sea level. He was also the first person to cross Antarctica and Greenland with neither snowmobiles nor dog sleds. Furthermore, he crossed the Gobi Desert alone. Messner also published more than 80 books (only a quarter of which have been translated into English) about his experiences as a climber and explorer. In 2018, he received jointly with Krzysztof Wielicki the Princess of Asturias Award in the category of Sports.", "Q579571": "Daniel Mays (born 31 March 1978) is an English actor.", "Q1385780": "Johan Pitka, VR I/1, (19 February 1872 \u2013 November 22, 1944) was an Estonian entrepreneur, sea captain and a rear admiral (1919). He was the Commander of the Estonian Navy in the Estonian War of Independence.\nJohan Pitka was one of the main characters in organizing the Defence Forces of the newly established Estonian Republic in November 1918, at the end of World War I, when the German occupational forces started to move out of Estonia, and there was a threat of the invasion of the newly established Red Army. Johan Pitka was the creator and main organizer of the Estonian Defence League, Estonian armoured trains, armoured cars and the Estonian Navy. He was appointed the Commander of the Estonian Navy in December 1918 and led it through the victorious Estonian War of Independence without losing a ship.\nDue to his commitment to his country, Johan Pitka is often called \"the Spirit of the Estonian War of Independence\" for this.", "Q104745": "Hugo Erfurt (born 13 February 1834 in Schwelm; died 4 March 1922 in Dahlhausen at Beyenburg) was a German pharmacist and inventor.", "Q92911": "Dietmar Saupe (born 1954) is a fractal researcher and professor of computer science, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, Germany.\nSaupe's book, Chaos and Fractals, won the Association of American Publishers award for Best Mathematics Book of the Year in 1992. His current research interests include computer graphics, scientific visualization, and image processing.", "Q1321988": "Jonathan Frederick Tenney (born December 16, 1961) is an American actor. He played Special Agent Fritz Howard in TNT's The Closer and continued in its spinoff Major Crimes.", "Q268155": "The Crimson Ghost is a 1946 12-chapter Republic film serial directed by Fred C. Brannon and William Witney with Charles Quigley and Linda Stirling playing the leads. This was Witney's last serial, after a career that left him one of the most praised of all serial directors. The serial was re-released as a six-episode television series in the 1950s and as a television film called Cyclotrode \"X\" in 1966. In the 1990s The Crimson Ghost was one of only two Republic serials to be colorized. The villain of the serial, the Crimson Ghost of the title, is one of the most visually striking of the medium. The horror punk band Misfits adapted his visage as their skull logo, and he has appeared in the music video for the song \"The Number of the Beast\" by Iron Maiden.\n\n", "Q124495": "James Christopher Armfield, (21 September 1935 \u2013 22 January 2018) was an English professional football player and manager who latterly worked as a football pundit for BBC Radio Five Live. He played the whole of his Football League career at Blackpool, usually at right back. Between 1954 and 1971 he played 627 games in all competitions, scored six goals, and spent a decade as the club's captain. He also represented the England national team 43 times between 1959 and 1966, and captained them in 15 games. He was a member of England's 1966 World Cup-winning squad. After retiring from playing, Armfield managed Bolton Wanderers and Leeds United.\n\n", "Q168853": "Factotum is a 2005 French-Norwegian drama film co-written and directed by Bent Hamer, adapted from the 1975 novel of the same name by Charles Bukowski. It stars Matt Dillon as Bukowski\u2019s alter ego, Henry Chinaski. Although events in the book take place in Los Angeles in the 1940s, the film has a contemporary setting.", "Q677282": "Kajetan Abgarowicz (pseudonyms: Kajetan Abgar-Soltan, and Soltan Abgar; Armenian: \u053f\u0561\u0575\u057f\u0561\u0576 \u0531\u0562\u0563\u0561\u0580\u0578\u057e\u056b\u0579) (August 7, 1856 in Czerniowie, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria \u2013 July 27, 1909 in Truskavets, Ukraine) was a Polish journalist, novelist and short story writer of Armenian descent.\nBorn into a family of landowners, his parents were Franciszka and Salomei Przysieckich. Abgarowicz attended schools in Stanislawow and Lviv, Ukraine. He made his debut in the press as a novelist in 1889. He was co-founder in 1901 of the Lviv newspaper Przed\u015bwit, and also ran the literary section. He collaborated with other magazines of Lviv, Krakow and Warsaw, such as S\u0142owo Polskie, Gazeta Lwowska (1894), Czas, Nowa Reforma and Tygodnik Ilustrowany.A popular humorist, Abgarowicz wrote in the mainstream genres of Polish popular fiction, romance, and adventure. Many of his short stories and novels were published, most of which centred on the nobility, especially from the Podolia region, featuring young squires leading an active social life. Abgarowicz was also interested in the life of Rusyns and contributed to the popularity of Hutsuls culture in Poland. While his novels, such as Klub nietoperzy (two volumes, the first of which was published in 1892), Polubowna ugoda (1894), and Z wiejskiego dworu (1895), were characterized as being weak, his collections of short stories and sketches, such as Z carskiej imperii (1892), Rusini (1893) and Widziane i odczute (1904), did not receive the same criticism.", "Q149645": "Nawara Negm (Egyptian Arabic:\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0645, IPA: [n\u0251w\u02c8w\u0251\u02d0\u027e\u0251 \u02c8ne\u0261m]) (born in Cairo in 1973) is an Egyptian journalist, blogger and human rights activist based in Cairo, Egypt. Daughter of the Notable leftist Egyptian poet Ahmed Fouad Negm and Islamist Egyptian thinker and journalist Safinaz Kazem, she obtained her BA in English Language from the Faculty of Arts, Ain Shams University and has since worked for the Egyptian Nile Television Network (NTN) as a translator and news editor.", "Q310944": "Frank A. Langella Jr. (; born January 1, 1938) is an American stage and film actor. He has won four Tony Awards: two for Best Leading Actor in a Play for his performance as Richard Nixon in Frost/Nixon and as Andr\u00e9 in The Father, and two for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performances in Edward Albee's Seascape and Ivan Turgenev's Fortune's Fool. His reprisal of the Nixon role in the film production of Frost/Nixon earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor.His other notable film roles include George Prager in Diary of a Mad Housewife (1970), Count Dracula in Dracula (1979), Skeletor in Masters of the Universe (1987), Bob Alexander in Dave (1993), and William S. Paley in Good Night, and Good Luck (2005). He had a recurring role as Gabriel, the KGB handler for the lead characters, in the FX series The Americans between 2013 and 2017, and has played Sebastian Piccirillo in the series Kidding since 2018.", "Q177973": "Joshua Gilman Hall (November 5, 1828 \u2013October 31, 1898) was an American politician and a U.S. Representative from New Hampshire.", "Q1303297": "The Academy of Drama and Film in Budapest is a university founded in 1865 in Budapest, Hungary. The institution became a university in 2000 and the name has changed to University of Theatre and Film Arts.", "Q514979": "Andrzej G\u00f3rak (born February 15, 1951 in Andrych\u00f3w, Poland) is a Polish process engineer and the Head of Laboratory of Fluid Separations at the Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering at the TU Dortmund University.\n\n", "Q328203": "Maria Hellwig (22 February 1920 \u2013 26 November 2010) was a German yodeler, popular performer of volkst\u00fcmliche Musik (Alpine folk music), and television presenter.\n\n", "Q1282945": "Eddie Randle (Born May 27, 1907, Villa Ridge, Illinois \u2013 May 9, 1997 in St. Louis) was an American Jazz trumpeter and band leader. He was leader of the band, Eddie Randle and his Blue Devils.During his career Randle hired a number of young local musicians in St. Louis, who would go on to be famous jazz performers, including Miles Davis, Clark Terry, Jimmy Forrest, Willie Akins.\"Randle was business agent for the St. Louis musicians\u2019 union, Local 197 during the 1940s.\"", "Q948457": "The Rumyantsev Museum (\u0420\u0443\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439) was Moscow's first public museum. It evolved from the personal art collection and library of Count Nikolay Rumyantsev (1754\u20131826), the last of his family.", "Q1026939": "California State University, Northridge (CSUN or Cal State Northridge) is a public university in the Northridge neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. With a total enrollment of 38,391 students (as of Fall 2019), it has the largest undergraduate population as well as the second largest total student body of the 23-campus California State University system, making it one of the largest comprehensive universities in the United States in terms of enrollment size. The size of CSUN also has a major impact on the California economy, with an estimated $1.9 billion in economic output generated by CSUN on a yearly basis. As of Fall 2019, the university had 2,139 faculty, of which 805 (or about 40%) were tenured or on the tenure track.California State University, Northridge was founded first as the Valley satellite campus of California State University, Los Angeles. It then became an independent college in 1958 as San Fernando Valley State College, with major campus master planning and construction. The university adopted its current name of California State University, Northridge in 1972. The 1994 Northridge earthquake caused $400 million in damage to the campus, the heaviest damage ever sustained by an American college campus.The university offers 134 different bachelor's degrees and master's degree programs in 70 different fields, as well as four doctoral degrees (two Doctor of Education degrees, a Doctor of Audiology, and a Doctor of Physical Therapy) and 24 teaching credentials. It is classified among \"Master's Colleges & Universities: Larger Programs\".CSUN is considered to be one of the most diverse universities in the nation and currently has over 350,000 alumni. Additionally, CSUN has been consistently recognized as having one of the best film schools as well as music schools in the U.S. and in the world.\nIt is also home to the National Center on Deafness and the university hosts the annual International Conference on Technology and Persons with Disabilities, more commonly known as the CSUN Conference. Its business school, the David Nazarian College of Business and Economics, is one of largest business schools in the nation.", "Q90860": "Hermann Hagedorn (20 August 1884 in Essen-Gerschede \u2013 7 March 1951 near Fretter, Finnentrop,) was a German writer, lyric poet and teacher. He is the best known representative of Borbecksch, a German dialect.", "Q55282": "Peter Greenaway, (born 5 April 1942 in Newport, Wales) is a British film director, screenwriter, and artist. His films are noted for the distinct influence of Renaissance and Baroque painting, and Flemish painting in particular. Common traits in his film are the scenic composition and illumination and the contrasts of costume and nudity, nature and architecture, furniture and people, sexual pleasure and painful death.", "Q1189670": "Scott Samuel \"Scooter\" Braun (born June 18, 1981) is an American entrepreneur, philanthropist, and record executive. Braun is also co-founder of the comic-film studio Mythos Studios, along with Hollywood producer David Maisel, and co-owner of the esports team 100 Thieves.In 2013, Braun was included on the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. In 2018, Braun co-organized March for Our Lives, the student-led demonstration for stricter gun laws which USA Today measured as the largest single-day protest in Washington, D.C. history.", "Q161877": "Ashanti Shequoiya Douglas (born October 13, 1980) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actress. She was first discovered as a teenager and later signed to Murder Inc. in 2002. That year, she was featured on Fat Joe's \"What's Luv?\" and Ja Rule's \"Always on Time\", both of which became two of the biggest hit songs of 2002; Ashanti became the first female artist to occupy the top two positions on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart simultaneously when \"Foolish\" and \"What's Luv?\" were at numbers one and two, respectively.\nIn 2002, Ashanti released her eponymous debut album, which sold over 505,000 copies throughout the U.S. in its first week of release. The album earned her many awards, including eight Billboard Music Awards, two American Music Awards, and a Grammy Award in 2003 for Best Contemporary R&B Album. The album has since been certified triple platinum in the United States and sold six million copies worldwide. The lead single for the album, \"Foolish\", was a critical and commercial success; it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. With \"Foolish\", she became the second artist (after The Beatles) to have their first three chart entries in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 simultaneously. Ashanti wrote and sang for Jennifer Lopez's \"Ain't It Funny (Murder Remix)\", which also reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100.In 2003, Ashanti released her second album, Chapter II, which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 326,000 copies in the U.S. The album went platinum, selling over 1.5 million copies in U.S. since its release. The album's singles, \"Rock wit U (Awww Baby)\" and \"Rain On Me\", were both commercial successes, peaking at number two and number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, respectively. Chapter II was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album, and \"Rock wit U (Awww Baby)\" and \"Rain on Me\" were each nominated in the categories of Best R&B Song and Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. In November 2003, Ashanti released a Christmas album titled Ashanti's Christmas, which was a modest commercial success.\nIn 2004, Ashanti released her third studio album, Concrete Rose, the title of which took on Tupac Shakur's pseudonym \"The Rose That Grew from Concrete\". The album debuted at number seven in the U.S., with first-week sales of 254,000 copies, and became her third platinum certified album. The first single, \"Only U\", reached number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and became her biggest hit in the United Kingdom, peaking at number two. A second single, the ballad \"Don't Let Them\", garnered little chart success after Def Jam refused to fund a music video due to Irv Gotti's legal troubles during his money laundering trial. Her subsequent albums, including The Declaration (2008) and Braveheart (2014), the latter of which was released independently, were less successful.\nAside from music, Ashanti has also acted in various productions. In 2005, she made her feature film debut in Coach Carter alongside Samuel L. Jackson, as well as starring as Dorothy Gale in the made-for-television film The Muppets' Wizard of Oz, which pulled in nearly 8 million viewers when it premiered. She has since appeared in the films John Tucker Must Die (2006) and Resident Evil: Extinction (2007). Throughout her career, Ashanti has sold over 15 million records worldwide.\n\n", "Q436272": "Joseph Medill McCormick (May 16, 1877 \u2013 February 25, 1925), called Medill, was part of the McCormick family of businessmen and politicians in Chicago. After working for some time and becoming part owner of the Chicago Tribune, which his maternal grandfather had owned, he entered politics.\nAfter serving in the State House, he was elected both as a Representative in the United States Congress and later as a US Senator from Illinois.", "Q275104": "Gertrude Claire (July 16, 1852 \u2013 April 28, 1928) was an actress of the American stage and Hollywood silent motion pictures.", "Q743133": "Scott Yanow (born October 4, 1954) is an American jazz reviewer, historian, and author.", "Q100245": "Johannes Heinrich Carl Christian Gillhoff (May 24, 1861 \u2013 January 16, 1930) was a German teacher and author.\nGillhof was born in Glaisin in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He followed in his father's profession as a teacher. He graduated in 1881 from a teaching school and later passed the teaching examination in Schwerin.\nAfter becoming a teacher Gillhoff would begin collecting colloquial expressions used by locals, starting as early as 1888. Gillhoff collected about 4,000 Low German expressions, speech patterns and proverbs and published them in a report. In 1892 he published a work called Mecklenburgischen Volksr\u00e4tseln (roughly translated \"Mecklenburg folk riddles\"). The book unites 931 riddles, plus variants, that Gillhoff subdivided into subject areas. This work by Gillhoff was overshadowed in 1897 by a similar work by Richard Wossidlo.\nGillhoff's most well-known work, J\u00fcrnjakob Swehn der Amerikafahrer, roughly translated into English as \"J\u00fcrnjakob Swehn, the Traveler to America\", was published in 1917. Gillhoff retired from teaching in 1924, but would go on to publish the work called Mecklenburgischen Monatshefte (\"Mecklenburg monthly notes\"). Gillhoff died in the town of Parchim.\nJ\u00fcrnjakob Swehn der Amerikafahrer is considered his most important work. The book is about a single individual (J\u00fcrnjakob Swehn) who had emigrated to the United States in 1868, and details his experiences there in the form of letters sent back to his old school teacher in Mecklenburg. J\u00fcrnjakob would travel to Iowa and become a farm hand, and would later marry and gain his own farm and a modest amount of wealth. The book also detailed the establishment of a local German speaking church, their acquiring of a pastor, and the preaching of lay preachers before the arrival of the pastor. Gillhoff's book also discussed the beginnings of a German-speaking school in J\u00fcrnjakob Swehn's small community and his homesickness for his \"old Mecklenburg\".\n\nThe style of writing is rough and colloquial, such as would be found in personal correspondence, and the story line contains great degree of spontaneity, with many Mecklenburg proverbs thrown in, mostly in the Low German style. The main character is portrayed as an honest, hard working and modest man with a simple lifestyle. Elements of humor are interspersed throughout the book. The book, which was said to have an earthy charm, enjoyed some success in Germany around the time of its release, with over a million sold. In the year 2000 the book was translated into English and published in the United States, through the help of the University of Iowa. The book was often thought of as fiction, but in actuality it was an amalgam of real letters, detailing real experiences of multiple German (Mecklenburger) immigrants to America. These letters were written by former students of Gillhoff's father, and sent to him over the years. Insights about the experiences these people had, and the life they had lived in Mecklenburg can offer the reader some sharp insights. There are some suggestions that the book was solely or largely based on the experiences of one man named Carl Wiedow who left Glaisin for America in 1868 and died in Iowa in 1913.\nThere is a small museum in Glaisin honoring the work of Gilhoff, and displaying artifacts surrounding the man and the letters that were sent to him.", "Q6931": "B\u00f6blingen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u00f8\u02d0bl\u026a\u014b\u0259n]; Swabian: Beblenga) is a town in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, seat of B\u00f6blingen District. Sindelfingen and B\u00f6blingen are contiguous.", "Q533478": "The Alan Parsons Project were a British rock band active between 1975 and 1990, whose core membership consisted of Alan Parsons and Eric Woolfson. They were accompanied by a varying number of session musicians and some relatively consistent band members such as guitarist Ian Bairnson, arranger Andrew Powell, bassist and vocalist David Paton, drummer Stuart Elliott, and vocalists Lenny Zakatek and Chris Rainbow. Parsons was an audio engineer and producer by profession, but also a musician and a composer. A songwriter by profession, Woolfson was also a composer, a pianist, and a singer. Almost all the songs on the Project's albums are credited to \"Woolfson/Parsons\". \nThe Alan Parsons Project released eleven studio albums in its 15-year career (the twelfth, The Sicilian Defence, was originally recorded in 1979 and released in 2014), including the successful I Robot and Eye in the Sky. Some of their most notable songs are \"The Raven\", \"(The System of) Dr. Tarr and Professor Fether\", \"I Wouldn't Want to Be Like You\", \"Games People Play\", \"Time\", \"Snake Eyes\", \"Sirius\"/\"Eye in the Sky\", \"Old and Wise\" and \"Don't Answer Me\".", "Q982438": "Eugenio Canfari (16 April 1877 \u2013 23 March 1962) was an early Italian sporting director. He was one of the thirteen men who founded Juventus in 1897 and the club's first ever president. His brother Enrico Canfari was also a founding member of Juventus, and was the first ever president, though he never played in the Italian Football Championship with Enrico and Juventus.", "Q457840": "William Penn Adair Rogers (November 4, 1879 \u2013 August 15, 1935) was an American stage and film actor, vaudeville performer, cowboy, humorist, newspaper columnist, and social commentator from Oklahoma. He was a Cherokee citizen born in the Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory.\nKnown as \"Oklahoma's Favorite Son\", Rogers was born to a Cherokee family in Indian Territory (now part of Oklahoma). As an entertainer and humorist, he traveled around the world three times, made 71 films (50 silent films and 21 \"talkies\"), and wrote more than 4,000 nationally syndicated newspaper columns.By the mid-1930s Rogers was hugely popular in the United States, its leading political wit and the highest paid of Hollywood film stars. He died in 1935 with aviator Wiley Post when their small airplane crashed in northern Alaska.Rogers's vaudeville rope act led to success in the Ziegfeld Follies, which in turn led to the first of his many movie contracts. His 1920s syndicated newspaper column and his radio appearances increased his visibility and popularity. Rogers crusaded for aviation expansion and provided Americans with first-hand accounts of his world travels. His earthy anecdotes and folksy style allowed him to poke fun at gangsters, prohibition, politicians, government programs, and a host of other controversial topics in a way that found general acclaim from a national audience with no one offended. His aphorisms, couched in humorous terms, were widely quoted: \"I am not a member of an organized political party. I am a Democrat.\"\nRogers even provided an epigram on his most famous epigram:\n\nWhen I die, my epitaph, or whatever you call those signs on gravestones, is going to read: \"I joked about every prominent man of my time, but I never met a man I dident [sic] like.\" I am so proud of that, I can hardly wait to die so it can be carved.", "Q446795": "Walter Clifford Minnick (born September 20, 1942) is an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative for Idaho's 1st congressional district, serving from 2009 until 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party.\nThe district is in the western part of the state, and includes roughly one-fourth of Boise and most of its suburbs, as well as Meridian and Nampa. It also includes the cities of Lewiston, Moscow and Coeur d'Alene.\nMinnick was defeated by Ra\u00fal Labrador in the November 2010 election. After leaving office, he co-founded the lobbying firm The Majority Group with his former chief-of-staff Rob Ellsworth and Wall Street attorney Chris DiAngelo.", "Q108619": "Hilmar Hoffmann (25 August 1925 \u2013 1 June 2018) was a German stage and film director, cultural politician and academic lecturer. He founded the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen. He was for decades an influential city councillor in Frankfurt, where he initiated the Museumsufer of 15 museums, including the Jewish Museum Frankfurt. He was the president of the Goethe-Institut and taught at universities such as Bochum and Tel Aviv. He wrote the book Kultur f\u00fcr alle (Culture for All), which was a motto of his life and work.", "Q110056": "Eckart Breitschuh (born 16 August 1964 in Karlsruhe) is a German comic-book artist and author.\n\n", "Q32219": "Jan Pellervo Vapaavuori (born 3 April 1965 in Helsinki) is a Finnish politician, the former Minister of Economic Affairs, and mayor of Helsinki as of June 2017. Vapaavuori was Minister of Housing and Minister of Nordic Cooperation in Matti Vanhanen's second cabinet and Mari Kiviniemi's cabinet. He was a candidate for the head of his party (the centre-right National Coalition Party) in the June 2014 election, and as part of that the likeliest interim Prime Minister of Finland. However he eventually failed to make the eventual head-to-head round within the Coalition Party, which saw Alexander Stubb defeat Paula Risikko.Vapaavuori has been a Helsinki City Council member since 1997. He has been a member of the Parliament since 2003, from the constituency of Helsinki, and he represents the National Coalition Party. From 2011 to 2012 he was the chairman of the party's parliamentary group. Vapaavuori was elected Mayor of Helsinki in 2017. His term started on 1 June 2017.Vapaavuori acquired a law degree from University of Helsinki in 1989. He continued his studies in Helsinki, Uppsala, The Hague and Hanken School of Economics as well. He has worked in the National Union of University Students in Finland.\nVapaavuori was born into a bilingual family: his father, Panu, is a Finnish jurist and mother, Gun, was a Swedish teacher. He is married to Outi Laitinen-Vapaavuori, a doctor of veterinary medicine.Vapaavuori has been convicted of assault, theft and driving under the influence of alcohol.\n\n", "Q448960": "Cory Lee (born as Cory Lee Urhahn) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and actress. She is most noted for playing the role of Karma in the television series Instant Star, and Miss Oh on Degrassi: The Next Generation.", "Q63730": "Genelia Deshmukh (n\u00e9e D'Souza; born 5 August 1987) is an Indian film actress and model. She has appeared in Telugu, Hindi, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam films. After gaining wide attention in a Parker Pen commercial with Amitabh Bachchan, Genelia began her acting career with the box-office hit Tujhe Meri Kasam in 2003. She was recognized for her role in Boys the same year, and later established herself in Telugu cinema by acting in several Telugu films during 2003\u20132012.\nGenelia received her first Filmfare Award in 2006 for her performance in the Telugu romantic film, Bommarillu, which earned her critical acclaim. In 2008, she gave critically acclaimed performances in Santosh Subramaniam, a Tamil remake of Bommarillu, and the Bollywood movie Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na. Having acted in several commercially successful movies in Telugu and Tamil, Genelia has established herself as one of the leading actresses of the South Indian film industry. In addition to mainstream acting, Genelia has hosted the television show Big Switch, and has been the brand ambassador of Fanta, Virgin Mobile India, Fastrack, LG Mobiles, Garnier Light, Margo, and Perk in India.", "Q918506": "John Luigi Mica (born January 27, 1943) is an American businessman, consultant and Republican politician who represented Florida's 7th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1993 to 2017. He was defeated by Democrat Stephanie Murphy in the November 8, 2016, general election while serving his 12th term in office.", "Q57495": "Karl-Otto Koch (German: [k\u0254x]; 2 August 1897 \u2013 5 April 1945) was a mid-ranking commander in the Schutzstaffel (SS) of Nazi Germany who was the first commandant of the Nazi concentration camps at Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen. From September 1941 until August 1942, he served as the first commandant of the Majdanek concentration camp in occupied Poland, stealing vast amounts of valuables and money from murdered Jews. His wife, Ilse Koch, also took part in the crimes at Buchenwald and Majdanek.\n\n", "Q78476": "Georg Trakl (3 February 1887 \u2013 3 November 1914) was an Austrian poet and brother of the pianist Grete Trakl. He is considered one of the most important Austrian Expressionists. He is perhaps best known for his poem \"Grodek\", which he wrote shortly before he died of a cocaine overdose.", "Q895636": "Wolfgang Ullmann (18 August 1929 \u2013 30 July 2004) was a German journalist, theologian, politician.", "Q77745": "Franz Josef Degenhardt (3 December 1931 \u2013 14 November 2011) was a German poet, satirist, novelist, and \u2013 first and foremost \u2013 a folksinger/songwriter (Liedermacher) with decidedly left-wing politics. He was also a lawyer, bearing the academic degree of Doctor of Law.Degenhardt was born in Schwelm, Westphalia. After studying law from 1952 to 1956 in Cologne and Freiburg, he passed the first German state bar examination in 1956 and the second in 1960. In 1961, he worked for the Europa-Institut of the University at Saarbr\u00fccken, where he obtained his doctorate in 1966. Degenhardt joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 1961, but was forced out in 1971 because of his support for the German Communist Party (DKP), which he joined in 1978.\nFrom the early 1960s onward, in addition to practicing law, Degenhardt was also performing and releasing recordings. He is perhaps most famous for his song (and the album of the same name) Spiel nicht mit den Schmuddelkindern (\"Don't Play With the Grubby Children,\" 1965), but has released close to 50 albums, starting with Zwischen Null Uhr und Mitternacht (\"Between 00:00 and Midnight,\" 1963), renamed Rumpelstilzchen (original title: Zwischen Null Uhr Null und Mitternacht); his most recent albums Krieg gegen den Krieg (\"War against the War\") and D\u00e4mmerung (\"twilight\") came out in 2003 and 2006. In 1968, Degenhardt was involved in trials of members of the German student movement, principally defending social democrats and communists. At the same time, he was \u2013 in his capacity as a singer-songwriter \u2013 one of the major voices of the 1968 student movement. In 1972 he translated the song \"Here's to You\" under the title Sacco und Vanzetti with five new verses. On his 1977 album Wildledermantelmann he criticized many of his former comrades from that era for what he saw as their betrayal of socialist ideals and shift towards a social-liberal orientation. The album's title (roughly, \"man with velour coat\") mocks the style of clothing they had supposedly adopted.\nNotably, the songs on Degenhardt's 1986 album Junge Paare auf B\u00e4nken (\"Young Couples on the Benches\"), along with the song Vorsicht Gorilla! (\"Beware of Gorilla\") on the 1985 album of the same name, are his translations into German of chansons by the French singer-songwriter Georges Brassens, spiritually perhaps one of his closest musical allies.\nDegenhardt has also written several novels, most in a rather autobiographical vein, among others: Z\u00fcndschn\u00fcre (\"Slow Matches\", 1972), Brandstellen (\"Scenes of Fires\", 1974), Der Liedermacher (1982) and F\u00fcr ewig und drei Tage (\"For Ever and Three Days\", 1999).\nHe was a cousin of the Catholic Archbishop of Paderborn, Johannes Joachim Degenhardt, who died in 2002. He is also the brother-in-law of the American-born illustrator Gertrude Degenhardt, who has designed many of his album covers for him. Degenhardt lived, till his death in 2011, in Quickborn, Kreis Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein.\n\n", "Q3045403": "Hassan Hamdy was the 12th and president of the Egyptian Al Ahly Sporting Club. He was the vice president of the club during Saleh Selim's presidency and the chairman of Al-Ahram advertising agency which is part of the Al-Ahram association and the president of the International Advertising Association (IAA)'s Cairo branch. He also played for Al Ahly football team as a midfielder/defender in 1960 and 1970, and was the 20th captain of the squad.\nHe played for Egypt national football team from early seventies to late seventies of the last century.", "Q201685": "Gunilla Birgitta Nyroos (born 7 October 1945) is a Swedish actress.\n\n", "Q66890": "R\u00fcthi is a municipality in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q152265": "Mohammed Zahir Shah (Pashto: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0647\u200e, Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u200e; 15 October 1914 \u2013 23 July 2007) was the last King of Afghanistan, reigning from 8 November 1933 until he was deposed on 17 July 1973. He expanded Afghanistan's diplomatic relations with many countries, including with both Cold War sides. In the 1950s, Zahir Shah began modernizing the country following the example of Turkey. His long reign was marked by peace and stability that was lost afterwards.\nWhile staying in Italy for medical treatment, Zahir Shah was overthrown in a surprise coup in 1973 by his cousin and former prime minister, Mohammed Daoud Khan, who established a republic. He remained in exile near Rome until 2002, returning to Afghanistan after the end of the Taliban government. He was given the title Father of the Nation, which he held until his death in 2007.", "Q443835": "Pascale Bussi\u00e8res (born June 27, 1968) is a French Canadian actress.", "Q561458": "Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (born September 16, 1950) is an American literary critic, teacher, historian, filmmaker and public intellectual who serves as the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and Director of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University. He discovered what are considered the earliest known literary works of African-American writers, and has published extensively on appreciating African-American literature as part of the Western canon.\nIn addition to producing and hosting previous series on the history and genealogy of prominent American figures, since 2012 Gates has been host for four seasons of the television series Finding Your Roots on PBS. It combines the work of expert researchers in genealogy, history, and genetics historic research to tell guests about their ancestors' lives and histories.", "Q112899": "Fernando Cardenal Mart\u00ednez (26 January 1934 \u2013 20 February 2016) was a Nicaraguan Jesuit and liberation theologian.", "Q1035945": "Carey McWilliams (December 13, 1905 \u2013 June 27, 1980) was an American author, editor, and lawyer. He is best known for his writings about California politics and culture, including the condition of migrant farm workers and the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. From 1955 to 1975, he edited The Nation magazine.\n\n", "Q122782": "Paulus Modestus Sch\u00fccking (Paul Nicolaus Bernhard Joseph Sch\u00fccking, genannt Modestus; 16 June 1787, M\u00fcnster \u2013 16 June 1867, Bremen) was a German lawyer, councillor, philosopher and writer. He was also the husband of Katharina Sibylla Sch\u00fccking and the father of Levin Sch\u00fccking.", "Q578109": "A television producer is a person who oversees one or more aspects of video production on a television program. Some producers take more of an executive role, in that they conceive new programs and pitch them to the television networks, but upon acceptance they focus on business matters, such as budgets and contracts. Other producers are more involved with the day-to-day workings, participating in activities such as screenwriting, set design, casting and directing.\nThere are a variety of different producers on a television show. A traditional producer is one who manages a show's budget and maintains a schedule, but this is no longer the case in modern television.", "Q7768229": "The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) is a long-standing international organisation concerned with cooperation on defence science and technology matters, including national security and civil defence. Its membership comprises Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US).", "Q2695220": "August Lindbergh (12 May 1808 \u2013 14 October 1893) was a Swedish American farmer and politician. He was the father of the U.S. politician Charles August Lindbergh, and the grandfather of aviator Charles Lindbergh.\nAugust Lindbergh was born Ola M\u00e5nsson in Smedstorp, Tomelilla Municipality in Sk\u00e5ne, Sweden. His father, M\u00e5ns J\u00f6nsson (at that time, Swedish peasants used patronymics as family names), married to Sara Carlsdotter, owned a small farm and worked as a parish tailor in Smedstorp. Through his marriage to Ingar J\u00f6nsdotter, who brought in a substantial dowry, and his own hard work, M\u00e5nsson became a well-to-do farmer and in 1847 was elected to the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates, representing the farmers' estate. In the Riksdag, he distinguished himself as a brilliant orator (although he most probably had attended only three classes of primary school) and a champion of liberalism, who fought for equal rights for the Jews, for allowing foreigners to hold professorships at Swedish universities, for land reform (proposing to dismember huge estates belonging to the Church of Sweden) and for extending the railway net. He also worked as a bank director. When accused of bribery and embezzlement, M\u00e5nsson changed his name to August Lindbergh. He left his wife Ingar J\u00f6nsdotter and their seven children, and fled to the United States with his mistress (a Stockholm waitress, Lovisa Jansdotter Carl\u00e9n) and their illegitimate infant son Carl in 1859. Lovisa became Louisa and little Carl became Charles August. They settled in Melrose, Minnesota, where August worked as a farmer and a blacksmith. August became a widower in 1864 at the death of his first wife who had remained in Sweden. August and Louisa had six more children born in Minnesota; the couple married in 1885.Two of August Lindbergh's sons by his first marriage, M\u00e5ns and Per, also changed their surnames to Lindbergh while attending college in Sweden. Around 1862, these two and a third son (August Olsson) emigrated to the United States, answering a request for help from their father who had lost an arm in a sawmill accident in 1861. Per came to live on the family farm in Minnesota, but M\u00e5ns joined an Illinois unit of the Union Army in the American Civil War following which he returned to Sweden. There, M\u00e5ns organized a group of about 200 emigrants whom he brought to Sherburne County, Minnesota. M\u00e5ns then returned to Sweden to stay and died in Lund in 1870.August Lindbergh became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1870, joining the Republican Party. He advocated the use of English language by immigrants. After his naturalization he held several posts in Melrose: he was a postmaster between 1879 and 1887, a village recorder and town clerk between 1888 and 1889. He also acted as a Justice of the Peace.\nAugust Lindbergh died in Little Falls, Minnesota. His wife Louisa, thirty years his junior, died on April 22, 1921. They were buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Melrose together with three of their younger children, who did not live long.\n\n", "Q717562": "Eric Kretz (born June 7, 1966) is an American musician and producer, best known as the drummer for the rock band Stone Temple Pilots. He is of German descent. He has also played for Talk Show and Spiralarms. Eric, who was born in San Jose, California, attended and graduated from Willow Glen High School in San Jose in 1984. He currently owns and operates Bomb Shelter Studios in Los Angeles. While in STP, Kretz has kept somewhat of a low profile but still contributed to the band's songwriting, most notably writing the music to the band's 1996 hit \"Trippin' on a Hole in a Paper Heart.\" Along with lead vocalist Scott Weiland, Kretz also wrote the lyrics to the Grammy Award-winning hit \"Plush\" off STP's 1992 debut Core. Kretz has worked with several notable artists, particularly engineering and mixing the live recordings for The Henry Rollins Show of songs by artists such as Thom Yorke, Ben Harper, Damian Marley, Slayer, Jurassic 5, Death Cab for Cutie, and more. Kretz has cited John Bonham, Bill Bruford and Neil Peart as the drummers who have influenced him the most.", "Q103994": "Uwe Reimer (* 16 February 1948 in Hamburg; \u2020 23 February 2004 in G\u00f6ttingen) was a German writer who wrote numerous books about history and social studies.", "Q158749": "Albert Fran\u00e7ois Lebrun (French: [alb\u025b\u0281 l\u0259b\u0281\u0153\u0303]; 29 August 1871 \u2013 6 March 1950) was a French politician, President of France from 1932 to 1940. He was the last president of the Third Republic. He was a member of the center-right Democratic Republican Alliance (ARD).\n\n", "Q214289": "Michelle Yeoh Choo-Kheng, PSM (; born 6 August 1962) is a Malaysian actress. She rose to fame in 1990s Hong Kong action films, and is best known internationally for her roles in the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies (1997), and martial arts film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), along with recent international English films and series.\nBorn in Ipoh, Malaysia, she won the Miss Malaysia pageant of 1983 at the age of 20. She later achieved fame in the early 1990s after starring in a series of Hong Kong action films in which she performed her own stunts, such as Yes, Madam (1985), Police Story 3: Supercop (1992) and Holy Weapon (1993). She was credited as Michelle Khan in her early Hollywood films. She was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress for her work in Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.\nShe has appeared in many English, Mandarin and Cantonese language films. Her other works include Memoirs of a Geisha (2005), Reign of Assassins (2010), Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny (2016), Star Trek: Discovery (2017) and The Lady (2011), in which she portrayed Aung San Suu Kyi. In 2018, she starred in the American romantic comedy-drama film, Crazy Rich Asians. She has also co-starred in the 2018 film Master Z: The Ip Man Legacy and the 2019 film Last Christmas.\nThe film review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes ranked her the greatest action heroine of all time in 2008. In 1997, she was chosen by People as one of the \"50 Most Beautiful People in the World\", and in 2009 the same magazine listed her as one of the \"35 All-Time Screen Beauties\"\u2014the only Asian actress to make the list.", "Q3567326": "Werner Koch (born July 11, 1961) is a German free software developer. He is best known as the principal author of the GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG or GPG). He was also Head of Office and German Vice-Chancellor of the Free Software Foundation Europe. He is the winner of Award for the Advancement of Free Software in 2015 for founding GnuPG.Journalists and security professionals rely on GnuPG, and Edward Snowden used it to evade monitoring whilst he leaked classified information from the U.S. National Security Agency.\n\n", "Q2050326": "Northridge is a neighborhood of Los Angeles, California in the San Fernando Valley. It is the home of California State University, Northridge, as well as eleven public and eight private schools.\nOriginally named Zelzah, the community was renamed North Los Angeles in 1929 to emphasize its closeness to the booming city. This created confusion with Los Angeles and North Hollywood. At the suggestion of a civic leader, the community was renamed Northridge in 1938. Northridge can trace its history back to the Gabrielino (or Tongva) people and to Spanish explorers. Its territory was later sold by the Mexican governor to Eulogio de Celis, whose heirs divided it for sale.", "Q3143067": "Studio City is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles, California, in the southeast San Fernando Valley, just west of the Cahuenga Pass. It is named after the studio lot that was established in the area by film producer Mack Sennett in 1927, now known as CBS Studio Center.", "Q514978": "Frances Parthenope Verney, Lady Verney (n\u00e9e Nightingale; 19 April 1819 - 12 May 1890), was an English writer and journalist.\n\n", "Q184622": "Jean Genet (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 \u0292\u0259n\u025b]; (1910-12-19)19 December 1910 \u2013 (1986-04-15)15 April 1986) was a French novelist, playwright, poet, essayist, and political activist. Early in his life he was a vagabond and petty criminal, but he later took to writing. His major works include the novels The Thief's Journal and Our Lady of the Flowers, and the plays The Balcony, The Maids and The Screens.", "Q1260719": "The Association of Writers of Serbia (Serbian: \u0423\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u043a\u045a\u0438\u0436\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0435, Udru\u017eenje knji\u017eevnika Srbije) is Serbia's official writing association. Its current president is Milovan Vitezovi\u0107.", "Q888666": "Robert William Scott (January 29, 1937 \u2013 November 5, 1990) was an American musician, record producer, and songwriter.\n\n", "Q439626": "Jennifer Yvette Holliday (born October 19, 1960) is an American singer and actress. She started her career on Broadway in musicals such as Dreamgirls (1981\u201383), Your Arms Too Short to Box with God (1980\u201381) and later became a successful recording artist. She is best known for her debut single, the Dreamgirls number and rhythm-and-blues/pop hit, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", for which she won a Grammy in 1983. She also won a 1982 Tony Award for Dreamgirls.", "Q4936553": "Mack A. \"Bodi\" White, Jr. (born April 7, 1956) is an American politician from Louisiana who has represented District 6 in the Louisiana State Senate since 2012. A Republican, White previously served in the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 64 between 2004 and 2012.", "Q918261": "Bo G\u00f6ran H\u00e4gglund (born 27 January 1959) is a Swedish politician of the Christian Democrats. He was Leader of the Christian Democrats from 2004 to 2015, Member of the Riksdag from 1991 to 2015, and served as Minister for Social Affairs from 2006 to 2014.", "Q2164929": "Romano Puppo ( 25 March 1933 \u2013 11 May 1994) was an Italian stuntman and actor.\n\n", "Q7390": "The human voice consists of sound made by a human being using the vocal tract, such as talking, singing, laughing, crying, screaming, shouting, yelling etc. The human voice frequency is specifically a part of human sound production in which the vocal folds (vocal cords) are the primary sound source. (Other sound production mechanisms produced from the same general area of the body involve the production of unvoiced consonants, clicks, whistling and whispering.)\nGenerally speaking, the mechanism for generating the human voice can be subdivided into three parts; the lungs, the vocal folds within the larynx (voice box), and the articulators. The lungs, the \"pump\" must produce adequate airflow and air pressure to vibrate vocal folds. The vocal folds (vocal cords) then vibrate to use airflow from the lungs to create audible pulses that form the laryngeal sound source. The muscles of the larynx adjust the length and tension of the vocal folds to \u2018fine-tune\u2019 pitch and tone. The articulators (the parts of the vocal tract above the larynx consisting of tongue, palate, cheek, lips, etc.) articulate and filter the sound emanating from the larynx and to some degree can interact with the laryngeal airflow to strengthen or weaken it as a sound source.\nThe vocal folds, in combination with the articulators, are capable of producing highly intricate arrays of sound. The tone of voice may be modulated to suggest emotions such as anger, surprise, fear, happiness or sadness. The human voice is used to express emotion, and can also reveal the age and sex of the speaker. Singers use the human voice as an instrument for creating music.", "Q377706": "Adri\u00e0 Collado (born 3 August 1972) is a Spanish actor. He appeared in more than fifty films since 1994.\n\n", "Q6753829": "MapleMusic is a Canadian independent record label founded by Andy Maize, Jeff Maize, Mike Alkier, Evan Hu, Lorique Mindel and Grant Dexter in 1999 and based in Toronto, Ontario. Other investors include Gary Slaight, Michael Burke and Universal Music. In 2016, MapleMusic changed its name to Cadence Music Group.", "Q43387": "Edirne (US: , Turkish: [e\u02c8di\u027ene]), historically known as Adrianople (; Latin: Hadrianopolis; founded by the Roman emperor Hadrian on the site of a previous Thracian settlement named Uskudama), is a city in the northwestern Turkish province of Edirne in the region of East Thrace, close to Turkey's borders with Greece and Bulgaria. Edirne served as the third capital city of the Ottoman Empire from 1369 to 1453, before Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) became the empire's fourth and final capital between 1453 and 1922. The city's estimated population in 2014 was 165,979.", "Q124494": "Not to be confused with the German classical scholar Matthias Gelzer, who wrote on Julius Caesar and the Late Roman Republic.Heinrich Gelzer (1 July 1847, in Berlin \u2013 11 July 1906, in Jena) was a German classical scholar. He wrote also on Armenian mythology. He was the son of the Swiss historian Johann Heinrich Gelzer (1813\u20131889). He became Professor of classical philology and ancient history at the University of Jena, in 1878. He wrote a still-standard work on Sextus Julius Africanus. He worked out the chronology of Gyges of Lydia, from cuneiform evidence, in an 1875 article.", "Q115891": "Christophe Darbellay (born 7 March 1971) is a Swiss politician. Since 2017, he is a member of the cantonal government of the Canton of Valais.\nFrom 2003\u20132015, he was member of the Swiss National Council, and from 2006\u20132016 he was the president of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC).", "Q78311": "Friedrich Hildebrandt (19 September 1898, Parchim, Mecklenburg-Schwerin \u2013 5 November 1948, Landsberg am Lech) was an SS-Obergruppenf\u00fchrer, a Gauleiter and adjudged and executed for war crimes committed during the time of Nazi Germany.", "Q191549": "Zera Yacob Amha Selassie, Crown Prince of Ethiopia (; Ge'ez \u12d8\u122d\u12a0 \u12eb\u12d5\u1246\u1265 \u12a0\u121d\u1203 \u1225\u120b\u1234) (born 17 August 1953) is the grandson of Emperor Haile Selassie and son of Amha Selassie of Ethiopia. He has been head of the Imperial House of Ethiopia since 17 February 1997 as recognized by the Crown Council of Ethiopia.\nHe was designated as \"acting crown prince\" and heir presumptive in 1974 by the Emperor Haile Selassie I close to the end of his reign.", "Q67231": "Daniel Richter (born 1962) is a German artist based in Berlin and Hamburg.\n\n", "Q664599": "Nykarleby (Finland Swedish: [ny\u02c8k\u0251\u02d0rle\u02ccby\u02d0]; Finnish: Uusikaarlepyy) is a town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the Ostrobothnia region. The municipality is bilingual, with the majority speaking Swedish (89%\n) and the minority Finnish (8%).The largest employers in the town are Prevex (member of KWH Group), a packaging and piping products manufacturer, Westwood, which manufactures wooden staircases, and in the village of Jeppo, KWH Mirka, a coated abrasives manufacturer. A Swedish-speaking art school (Svenska Konstskolan) is located in Nykarleby town.", "Q6829578": "Michael Culkin (born 2 July 1954) is an Irish theatre, film, and television actor probably best known for his role as Judge Buller in the BBC drama Garrow's Law. He appeared as Rab Butler in both seasons of The Crown, in The Iron Lady with Meryl Streep, opposite Johnny Depp in Mortdecai and with Hugh Grant in A Very English Scandal playing the Conservative politician Reginald Maudling. He appeared in two seasons of Poldark as Horace Treneglos and will return in the fourth season. He has extensive BBC and ITV Television credits as well as work at the National Theatre and in the West End where he starred with Maggie Smith in Alan Bennett's The Lady in the Van He is unmarried and lives in Thaxted Essex, London and Norfolk with several dogs and a llama. He is a member of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.", "Q188018": "Nicholas King Nolte (born February 8, 1941) is an American actor, producer, author, and former model. He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Drama and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the 1991 film The Prince of Tides. He went on to receive Academy Award nominations for Affliction (1998) and Warrior (2011).\nHis other film appearances include The Deep (1977), Who'll Stop The Rain (1978), North Dallas Forty (1979), 48 Hrs. (1982), Teachers (1984), Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1986), Another 48 Hrs. (1990), Everybody Wins (1990), Cape Fear (1991), Lorenzo's Oil (1992), The Thin Red Line (1998), The Good Thief (2002), Hulk (2003), Hotel Rwanda (2004), Tropic Thunder (2008), A Walk in the Woods (2015), and Angel Has Fallen (2019).\nHe was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy for his role in the TV series Graves.", "Q236996": "Sofia Vladimirovna Vassilieva (born October 22, 1992) is an American actress. Her most notable roles include the children's book character Eloise in Eloise at the Plaza and Eloise at Christmastime, Ariel DuBois in the Emmy-winning TV series Medium, and teenage cancer patient Kate Fitzgerald in the 2009 film adaptation of My Sister's Keeper by Jodi Picoult.", "Q19609556": "Candida Alvarez, was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1955. She is an American painter and a tenured professor of Painting and Drawing at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago where she has taught since 1998.", "Q632907": "Leland Devon Melvin (born February 15, 1964 in Lynchburg, Virginia) is an American engineer and a retired NASA astronaut. He served on board the Space Shuttle Atlantis as a mission specialist on STS-122, and as mission specialist 1 on STS-129. Melvin was named the NASA Associate Administrator for Education in October 2010.\n\n", "Q455930": "Mieko Kawakami (\u5ddd\u4e0a\u672a\u6620\u5b50, Kawakami Mieko, born August 29, 1976) is a Japanese singer, blogger, and writer from Osaka. Her work has won prestigious Japanese literary awards in several genres, including the 138th Akutagawa Prize for her novella Chichi to ran (\u4e73\u3068\u5375) (Breasts and Eggs), the 2013 Tanizaki Prize for her short story collection Ai no yume to ka (\u611b\u306e\u5922\u3068\u304b) (Dreams of Love, etc.), and the 2008 Nakahara Ch\u016bya Prize for Contemporary Poetry for Sentan de, sasuwa sasareruwa soraeewa (\u5148\u7aef\u3067 \u3055\u3059\u308f \u3055\u3055\u308c\u308b\u308f \u305d\u3089\u3048\u3048\u308f).", "Q259389": "The French Woman (French: Madame Claude) is a 1977 French drama film directed by Just Jaeckin and starring Fran\u00e7oise Fabian. The film is inspired by the life of French brothel madam Madame Claude.", "Q1754139": "Jussi Antero Syd\u00e4nmaa (born 26 June 1972, Espoo) is a Finnish guitarist, better known by his stage name Amen or Finnish nickname Eiska.\nHe is one of the founding members of the Finnish metal band Lordi and is still playing in the band.He graduated as an Information Technology engineer in 2001 and has been making the website of Lordi. Amen plays Schechter guitars (specifically the Solo II Custom and the Hellraiser Solo II). The municipality of M\u00e4nts\u00e4l\u00e4 granted Amen with statue named \"Hard Rock Stone\" on 26 June 2006.\nAmen has been featured as a special guest on Markus Striegls concert in 2011 and Doro Pesch's concert in 2014.\nAmen has also recorded guitar riffs which were used by Ari Pulkkinen to create the soundtrack for PC game Shadowgrounds. His acoustic guitar solos \"Amen's Lament To Ra\" and \"Amen's Lament to Ra ll\" were included in Lordi's albums Babez for Breakfast and Scare Force One.", "Q41590": "Mircea Eliade (Romanian: [\u02c8mirt\u0361\u0283e\u032fa eli\u02c8ade]; March 9 [O.S. February 24] 1907 \u2013 April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago. He was a leading interpreter of religious experience, who established paradigms in religious studies that persist to this day. His theory that hierophanies form the basis of religion, splitting the human experience of reality into sacred and profane space and time, has proved influential. One of his most influential contributions to religious studies was his theory of Eternal Return, which holds that myths and rituals do not simply commemorate hierophanies, but, at least to the minds of the religious, actually participate in them.His literary works belong to the fantastic and autobiographical genres. The best known are the novels Maitreyi (\"La Nuit Bengali\" or \"Bengal Nights\"), Noaptea de S\u00e2nziene (\"The Forbidden Forest\"), Isabel \u0219i apele diavolului (\"Isabel and the Devil's Waters\") and Romanul Adolescentului Miop (\"Novel of the Nearsighted Adolescent\"), the novellas Domni\u0219oara Christina (\"Miss Christina\") and Tinere\u021be f\u0103r\u0103 tinere\u021be (\"Youth Without Youth\"), and the short stories Secretul doctorului Honigberger (\"The Secret of Dr. Honigberger\") and La \u021aig\u0103nci (\"With the Gypsy Girls\").\nEarly in his life, Eliade was a journalist and essayist, a disciple of Romanian far-right philosopher and journalist Nae Ionescu, and a member of the literary society Criterion. In the 1940s, he served as cultural attach\u00e9 to the United Kingdom and Portugal. Several times during the late 1930s, Eliade publicly expressed his support for the Iron Guard, a fascist and antisemitic political organization. His political involvement at the time, as well as his other far right connections, were frequently criticised after World War II.\nNoted for his vast erudition, Eliade had fluent command of five languages (Romanian, French, German, Italian, and English) and a reading knowledge of three others (Hebrew, Persian, and Sanskrit). He was elected a posthumous member of the Romanian Academy.", "Q70995": "Ottomar Ansch\u00fctz (16 May 1846, in Lissa \u2013 30 May 1907, in Berlin) was a German inventor, photographer, and chronophotographer", "Q266179": "Johnathon Schaech ( SHEK; born September 10, 1969) is an American actor, writer and producer.", "Q143369": "Alice Elizabeth Drummond (n\u00e9e Ruyter, May 21, 1928 \u2013 November 30, 2016) was an American actress. A veteran Off-Broadway performer, in 1970, she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her performance as Mrs. Lee in The Chinese by Murray Schisgal. Despite her extensive acting career, she is most well known as Alice, the librarian, in the opening scenes in the 1984 horror-comedy Ghostbusters.", "Q1702419": "Lehman Monroe \"Johnny\" Tyler (February 6, 1918, in Arkansas \u2013 September 25, 1961, in Missouri) was an American country musician.", "Q285584": "Just Visiting is a 2001 French-American comedy film that is an American remake of the French film Les Visiteurs. It stars Jean Reno, Christina Applegate, Christian Clavier, Malcolm McDowell, Tara Reid, and Bridgette Wilson. It is about a medieval knight and his serf who travel to 21st-century Chicago, meeting the knight's descendant.\nUnlike the original film, the remake was not successful in either France or the United States.\nThis was Hollywood Pictures' final production before it folded into the management of its sister company, Touchstone Pictures until Hollywood Pictures released the 2006 horror movie Stay Alive and is one of the very last films to be distributed by it.\n\n", "Q247809": "Trouble at Timpetill (French: Les Enfants de Timpelbach) is a 2008 French fantasy adventure film written and directed by Nicolas Bary, based on the novel of the same name by Henry Winterfeld.\nThe film won the TFO Prize for Best Youth Film at the 2011 edition of the Cin\u00e9franco .", "Q66649": "Marcin Kromer (Latin: Martinus Cromerus; 11 November 1512 \u2013 23 March 1589) was Prince-Bishop of Warmia (Ermland), a Polish cartographer, diplomat and historian in the Kingdom of Poland and later in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was a personal secretary to two Kings of Poland, Sigismund I the Old and Sigismund II Augustus.", "Q210789": "Jens Henrik Beer (11 June 1799 \u2013 22 June 1881) was a Norwegian businessperson, farmer and politician.\nHe was born in Flekkefjord as a son of ship-owner and consul Christopher Beer (1770\u20131839) and Anne Malene Tj\u00f8rsvaag (1772\u20131820). He was an older brother of Anders Beer, and a grandson of Jens Henrik Beer, Sr.. He attended school in Bergen and England, and then worked for a period in Bergen before returning to his hometown in 1821. In 1824 he married Andrea Laurentze M\u00f8lbach (1802\u20131872).He worked as a ship-owner, shipbuilder, sawmill owner and merchant. He was the vice consul for Denmark from 1830 to 1853, the Russian Empire from 1932 to 1863 and the Netherlands from 1853 to 1863. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1836, representing the rural constituency of Lister og Mandals Amt. He sat through only one term. He was mayor of Flekkefjord in 1840, and his brother was mayor in 1843.In 1830 he bought some land at \u00d8ysanden near Fedafjorden in Kvinesdal, establishing a farm. According to Wollert Keilhau, \"he did rational farming, which one then got to see for the first time in those corners of the country\". . He wrote articles on agriculture, and was awarded for one of his articles by the Royal Norwegian Society for Development in 1837 and by the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland in 1851. Following the crisis for herring fishery in Flekkefjord in the 1830s, he added a brewery and a distillery. However, the distillery was unpopular among the local populace, and went defunct after ten years. He finally pulled out of Flekkefjord's ship industry in 1854, and died in June 1881 in Kvinesdal.", "Q46599": "Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (; Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, IPA: [m\u02b2\u026ax\u0250\u02c8il \u02c8jur\u02b2j\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8l\u02b2\u025brm\u0259nt\u0259f]; October 15 [O.S. October 3] 1814 \u2013 July 27 [O.S. July 15] 1841) was a Russian Romantic writer, poet and painter, sometimes called \"the poet of the Caucasus\", the most important Russian poet after Alexander Pushkin's death in 1837 and the greatest figure in Russian Romanticism. His influence on later Russian literature is still felt in modern times, not only through his poetry, but also through his prose, which founded the tradition of the Russian psychological novel.\n\n", "Q18383": "Providence is the capital and most populous city of the state of Rhode Island and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. It was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a Reformed Baptist theologian and religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He named the area in honor of \"God's merciful Providence\" which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him and his followers. The city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River at the head of Narragansett Bay.\nProvidence was one of the first cities in the country to industrialize and became noted for its textile manufacturing and subsequent machine tool, jewelry, and silverware industries. Today, the city of Providence is home to eight hospitals and seven institutions of higher learning which have shifted the city's economy into service industries, though it still retains some manufacturing activity.\nThe city is the third-most-populous city in New England after Boston and Worcester, Massachusetts.", "Q71335": "Levin Goldschmidt (17 May 1828 \u2013 16 July 1897) was a German jurist.\n\n", "Q1035944": "Carey Bell Harrington (November 14, 1936 \u2013 May 6, 2007) was an American blues musician who played harmonica in the Chicago blues style. Bell played harmonica and bass guitar for other blues musicians from the late 1950s to the early 1970s before embarking on a solo career. Besides his own albums, he recorded as an accompanist or duo artist with Earl Hooker, Robert Nighthawk, Lowell Fulson, Eddie Taylor, Louisiana Red and Jimmy Dawkins and was a frequent partner with his son, the guitarist Lurrie Bell. Blues Revue called Bell \"one of Chicago's finest harpists.\" The Chicago Tribune said Bell was \"a terrific talent in the tradition of Sonny Boy Williamson and Little Walter.\"", "Q229108": "Anna Katherine Popplewell (born 16 December 1988) is an English actress. She portrayed Susan Pevensie throughout The Chronicles of Narnia film series, Chyler Silva in Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn (2012), and as Lady Lola in Reign (2013\u20132016).", "Q597": "Lisbon (; Portuguese: Lisboa; [li\u0292\u02c8bo\u0250] (listen)) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 505,526 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits with a population of around 2.8 million people, being the 10th-most populous urban area in the European Union. About 3 million people live in the Lisbon metropolitan area, which represents approximately 27% of the country's population. It is mainland Europe's westernmost capital city and the only one along the Atlantic coast. Lisbon lies in the western Iberian Peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean and the River Tagus. The westernmost portions of its metro area, the Portuguese Riviera, form the westernmost point of Continental Europe, culminating at Cabo da Roca.\nLisbon is recognised as an alpha-level global city because of its importance in finance, commerce, media, entertainment, arts, international trade, education and tourism. Lisbon is one of two Portuguese cities (alongside Porto) to be recognised as a global city. It is one of the major economic centres on the continent, with a growing financial sector and one of the largest container ports on Europe's Atlantic coast. Additionally, Humberto Delgado Airport served 29 million passengers in 2018, being the busiest airport in Portugal, the 3rd busiest in the Iberian Peninsula and the 20th busiest in Europe. The motorway network and the high-speed rail system of Alfa Pendular links the main cities of Portugal to Lisbon. The city is the 9th-most-visited city in Southern Europe, after Rome, Istanbul, Barcelona, Milan, Venice, Madrid, Florence and Athens, with 3,320,300 tourists in 2017. The Lisbon region has a higher GDP PPP per capita than any other region in Portugal. Its GDP amounts to US$96.3 billion and thus $32,434 per capita. The city occupies the 40th place of highest gross earnings in the world. Most of the headquarters of multinational corporations in Portugal are located in the Lisbon area. It is also the political centre of the country, as its seat of government and residence of the head of state.\nLisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world, and the second-oldest European capital city (after Athens), predating other modern European capitals by centuries. Julius Caesar made it a municipium called Felicitas Julia, adding to the name Olissipo. Ruled by a series of Germanic tribes from the 5th century, it was captured by the Moors in the 8th century. In 1147, the Crusaders under Afonso Henriques reconquered the city and since then it has been the political, economic and cultural center of Portugal.", "Q77744": "Stephan Hermlin (13 April 1915 \u2013 6 April 1997), real name Rudolf Leder, was a German author. He wrote, among other things, stories, essays, translations, and lyric poetry and was one of the more well-known authors of former East Germany.", "Q273574": "Kelly Lee Curtis (born June 17, 1956) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in Magic Sticks (1987), and The Devil's Daughter (1991).", "Q430602": "Sayaka Kanda (Japanese: \u795e\u7530 \u6c99\u4e5f\u52a0, Hepburn: Kanda Sayaka, born October 1, 1986) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer. She is the only child of actor Masaki Kanda and pop singer Seiko Matsuda.", "Q951661": "Alberto Lysy (February 11, 1935 \u2013 December 30, 2009) was a prestigious Argentine violinist and conductor\nThe violin gifted to him was a very old Stradivarius. Among his friends were\nCharlie Chaplin and family whose Swiss home M. Lysy visited for extended stays.", "Q533479": "Johnny Hiland (born January 18, 1975) is a legally blind American musician/guitar artist known for mixing chicken pickin' country guitar with rock, blues, and western swing.\"", "Q275105": "The 9th arrondissement of Marseille is one of 16 districts or arrondissement of Marseille. This district is the largest in the city. The 9th district borders the 7th and 8th and the general region is known to be very prestigious.", "Q262479": "Samuel Michael Fuller (August 12, 1912 \u2013 October 30, 1997) was an American screenwriter, novelist, and film director known for low-budget, understated genre movies with controversial themes, often made outside the conventional studio system. Fuller wrote his first screenplay for Hats Off in 1936, and made his directorial debut with the Western I Shot Jesse James (1949). He would continue to direct several other Westerns and war thrillers throughout the 1950s.\nFuller shifted from Westerns and war thrillers in the 1960s with his low-budget thriller Shock Corridor in 1963, followed by the neo-noir The Naked Kiss (1964). He was inactive in filmmaking for most of the 1970s, before writing and directing the war epic The Big Red One (1980), and the experimental White Dog (1982), whose screenplay he co-wrote with Curtis Hanson.", "Q340814": "Eight Men Out is a 1988 sports drama film based on Eliot Asinof's 1963 book Eight Men Out: The Black Sox and the 1919 World Series. It was written and directed by John Sayles. The film is a dramatization of Major League Baseball's Black Sox Scandal, in which eight members of the Chicago White Sox conspired with gamblers to intentionally lose the 1919 World Series. Much of the movie was filmed at the old Bush Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana.", "Q65340": "Konrad Alexander Friedrich Duden (3 January 1829 \u2013 1 August 1911) was a Gymnasium (high school) teacher who became a philologist. He founded the well-known German language dictionary bearing his name Duden, somewhat like Noah Webster in the United States.", "Q138903": "Newby Odell Brantly (April 13, 1905 \u2013 July 19, 1993) was an American inventor, engineer and entrepreneur who founded the Brantly Helicopter Corporation.", "Q140660": "Devadarshini is an Indian actress appearing in Tamil films and television series. She began her career as a television anchor before venturing into acting, first in television and later in films. She mainly appears in supporting roles and often performs comic roles.She has performed in television serials including Marmadesam and Athipookal.\nShe has also participated in Jodi Number One a dance reality show along with her real life partner Chetan. Currently she appears in a comedy show, Sunday Galatta, which airs on sun TV.", "Q457699": "Mar\u00eda Josefina Bayo Jim\u00e9nez (born 28 May 1961 in Fitero) is a Spanish soprano. Bayo studied at the Conservatorio Navarro de M\u00fasica Pablo Sarasate in Pamplona and the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik in Detmold.", "Q382599": "Michael Lynn Hoffman (born November 30, 1956) is an American film director.", "Q2991476": "Nils Arvid Birger Holmberg (10 October 1886 \u2013 11 September 1958) was a Swedish gymnast. He was part of the Swedish team that won the all-around title at the 1908 Summer Olympics. The team included his brothers Carl and Oswald.", "Q5301604": "Douglas Hodge (born 25 February 1960) is an English actor, director, and musician who trained for the stage at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Hodge is a council member of the National Youth Theatre for which, in 1989, he co-wrote Pacha Mama's Blessing about the Amazon rain forests staged at the Almeida Theatre.", "Q63725": "Paul-Otto Schmidt (23 June 1899 - 21 April 1970) was an interpreter in the German foreign ministry from 1923 to 1945. During his career, he served as the translator for Neville Chamberlain's negotiations with Adolf Hitler over the Munich Agreement, the British Declaration of War and the surrender of France.", "Q110043": "The Birds is a 1963 American horror-thriller film directed and produced by Alfred Hitchcock. Loosely based on the 1952 story of the same name by Daphne du Maurier, it focuses on a series of sudden and unexplained violent bird attacks on the people of Bodega Bay, California, over the course of a few days.\nThe film stars Rod Taylor, Tippi Hedren in her screen debut, Jessica Tandy, Suzanne Pleshette and Veronica Cartwright. The screenplay is by Evan Hunter, who was told by Hitchcock to develop new characters and a more elaborate plot while keeping du Maurier's title and concept of unexplained bird attacks.\nIn 2016, The Birds was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress, and selected for preservation in its National Film Registry.", "Q297194": "Valdemar I of Denmark (14 January 1131 \u2013 12 May 1182), also known as Valdemar the Great (Danish: Valdemar den Store), was King of Denmark from 1146 until his death in 1182. The reign of King Valdemar I saw the rise of Denmark, which reached its zenith under his second son, and successor, King Valdemar II of Denmark.", "Q502868": "Aron Lee Ralston (born October 27, 1975) is an American outdoorsman, mechanical engineer and motivational speaker known for surviving a canyoneering accident by cutting off his own arm. During a solo descent of Bluejohn Canyon in southeastern Utah he dislodged a boulder, pinning his right wrist to the side of the canyon wall. After five days he was able to amputate his arm with a dull pocketknife, make his way through the rest of the canyon, rappel down a 65-foot (20 m) drop, and hike 7 miles (11 km) to safety.The incident is documented in Ralston's autobiography Between a Rock and a Hard Place and is the subject of the 2010 film 127 Hours where he is portrayed by James Franco.\nAfter the accident he continued mountaineering and became the first person to ascend all of Colorado's fourteeners solo in winter.", "Q100250": "Wolf Bauer (born 5 March 1939 in Steinach, Thuringia) is a German politician and member of the conservative CDU. A pharmacist by profession, he was a member of the Bundestag from 1987 to 2009, representing Euskirchen \u2013 Rhein-Erft-Kreis II. Wolf Bauer is an honorary citizen of Astrakhan, Russia.", "Q72628": "Alfred von Kiderlen-Waechter (10 July 1852 \u2013 30 December 1912, n\u00e9 Alfred Kiderlen) was a German diplomat and politician, who served as Secretary of State and head of the Foreign Office from 27 June 1910 to 30 December 1912. He is best known for his reckless role in the Agadir Crisis in 1911, when France militarily expanded its control of Morocco. He demanded compensation in an aggressive, saber-rattling fashion, sending a warship to the scene and whipping up nationalist sentiment inside Germany. A compromise was reached with France whereby France took control of Morocco and gave Germany a slice of the French Congo. However, the British were angry at this aggressiveness, and talked of war. The episode, small itself, permanently soured relations between Berlin and London.", "Q366179": "Wayne Gould (\u9ad8\u6a02\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5b98) (born 3 July 1945 in Hawera, New Zealand) is a retired Hong Kong judge, most recently known for helping to popularise sudoku puzzles in the United Kingdom, and thereafter in the United States.\nHe pioneered the global success and popularity of the Sudoku puzzle outside Japan where it had been popular for many years. Gould spent 6 years developing a computer program, known as Pappocom Sudoku that could mass-produce puzzles for the global market. \nHis work led to the publication of sudoku puzzles in many UK newspapers.\nPart of his strategy in the U.S. market was offering newspapers a daily puzzle at no charge, unique to each paper, for publication accompanied by an offer of its solution via the Pappocom website. The website also offered those consulting it a low-cost program that generates and, if desired, assists in solving, unlimited Sudoku puzzles of a difficulty and style specified by the user.\nHe is also editor of several paperback collections of the puzzles called Su Doku: The Utterly Addictive Number-placing Puzzle, published in 2005 by The Times Books (ISBN 0-00-720732-8, ISBN 0-00-721350-6, ISBN 0-00-721426-X).\nHe was named one of the 'World's Most Influential People' of 2006 by Time magazine.\nHe is the brother of the former British politician Bryan Gould.", "Q23301": "Roberto Remigio Benigni (Italian pronunciation: [ro\u02c8b\u025brto be\u02c8ni\u0272\u0272i]; born 27 October 1952) is an Italian actor, comedian, screenwriter and director. He gained International fame for writing, directing and starring in the film Life Is Beautiful (1997), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 71st Oscars Ceremony (the film also won Best Foreign Language Film).\nBenigni made his acting debut in 1977's Berlinguer, I Love You, which he also wrote, and was directed by Giuseppe Bertolucci. Benigni's directorial debut was the 1983 anthology film Tu mi turbi, which was also the acting debut of his wife, Nicoletta Braschi. In 1986, Benigni made his first English-language film, Down by Law, written and directed by Jim Jarmusch, with whom Benigni would make two more films: Night on Earth (1991) and Coffee and Cigarettes (2003).\nIn 1988, Benigni was acclaimed for the film The Little Devil, which he directed, wrote and starred in. Costarring American actor Walter Matthau and Braschi, the film was shot in alternating takes in both Italian and English. Benigni continued to have success and acclaim as a director with Johnny Stecchino (1991) and The Monster, and portrayed Inspector Clouseau's son in Son of the Pink Panther (1993), an American-Italian co-production filmed in English, directed by Blake Edwards.\nHis subsequent directorial efforts, Pinocchio (2002), in which he played the title character, and The Tiger and the Snow (2005), received mixed reviews.\nWhile he has not directed another film since 2005, Benigni has continued to act on stage and film, touring Italy with his one man show TuttoDante, and starred in the films To Rome with Love (2012), directed by Woody Allen, and as Mister Geppetto in Matteo Garrone's 2019 adaptation of Pinocchio.", "Q90875": "T\u00fcrkiz Talay (born April 8, 1974) is a Turkish-German actress.", "Q84800": "Rudolf Eisler (7 January 1873 \u2013 14 December 1926) was an Austrian philosopher.", "Q180336": "Theodor Adrian von Renteln (September 15, 1897 \u2013 1946 (disputed)) was an activist and politician in Nazi Germany. During World War II, he was General Commissioner of Generalbezirk Litauen and was involved in perpetrating the Holocaust in Lithuania.\nOf Baltic German origin, von Renteln studied law and economics in Berlin and Rostock, but became a journalist. In 1928, he joined the NSDAP and the following year, he became the founder and head of the National Socialist Schoolchildren's League (NSS). In 1931, he was appointed the head of the Hitler Youth, but he gave up leadership of the two organizations upon his election to the Reichstag in 1932.\nIn 1932\u20131933 he led the Combat League of the Commercial Middle Class (NS-Kampfbund f\u00fcr den Gewerblichen Mittelstand), an organisation allegedly \"Deflecting Jewish Atrocity and Boycott-Mongering\", participating in the boycott of Jewish businesses and other forms of persecution. In June 1933, he was appointed President of the National Socialist Council of Industry and Trade (Nationalsozialistische Handwerks-, Handels-, und Gewerbeorganisation or NS-HAGO), holding this position until 1935, when this organisation was merged with the German Labor Front (DAF). Von Renteln became a staff leader of the German Labor Front. In 1940, he was appointed the Reich Leader of the Trade and Artisanship Section of the NSDAP (Hauptamtsleiter Handel und Handwerk in der Reichsleitung der NSDAP). He was also the head of the Supreme Court of the Reich Labor Front.\nIn July 1941, he was appointed the Generalkommissar of Generalbezirk Litauen (roughly modern Lithuania), where he took harsh measures against the Jewish population. On August 26, 1941, he ordered that all telephones and lines were to be stripped, postal service be cut off, and bridges to the Kaunas (Kovno) Ghetto be surrounded with barbed wire fences to prevent people from jumping off. This order also forbade the Jews of the Kovno ghetto to use doors, window frames, or houses for fuel. In 1943, he was implicated in the clearing of the Vilna Ghetto, deporting 20,000 Jews to concentration or death camps, as well as in plundering.\nAccording to some accounts, after World War II, he was captured by the Russians, tried, and hanged for war crimes in 1946. According to other sources, after the war he lived under a false identity in South America and died there. His death has never been fully confirmed.", "Q28254": "Vanessa Lynn Branch is an English-born American actress and model. She is best known in the United States as the Orbit Gum girl for its series of television commercials (her catchphrase is \"Fabulous!\").", "Q726972": "Daniel John King (born 28 August 1963) is an English chess grandmaster, writer, coach, journalist and broadcaster.", "Q27167": "Ann Druyan ( DREE-ann; born June 13, 1949) is an Emmy and Peabody Award-winning American writer, producer, and director specializing in the communication of science. She co-wrote the 1980 PBS documentary series Cosmos, hosted by Carl Sagan, whom she married in 1981. She is the creator, producer, and writer of the 2014 sequel, Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey and its sequel series, Cosmos: Possible Worlds, as well as the book of the same name. She is credited with directing episodes of both series as well.\nShe was the Creative Director of NASA's Voyager Interstellar Message Project, the golden discs affixed to both the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft. Druyan's role on the project was discussed on the July 8, 2018 60 Minutes segment \"The Little Spacecraft That Could.\" In the segment, Druyan explained her insistence Chuck Berry's \"Johnny B. Goode\" be included on the Golden Record, saying, \"...Johnny B. Goode, rock and roll, was the music of motion, of moving, getting to someplace you've never been before, and the odds are against you, but you want to go. That was Voyager.\" The segment also discussed Sagan's suggestion, in 1990, that Voyager 1 turns its cameras back towards Earth to take a series of photographs showing the planets of our solar system. The shots, showing Earth from a distance of 3.7 billion miles as a small point of bluish light, became the basis for Sagan's famous \"Pale Blue Dot\" passage, first published in Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space. (1994)\nDruyan and Sagan's working and resulting romantic relationship has been the subject of numerous treatments in popular culture, including the Radiolab episode \"Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan's Ultimate Mix Tape\" and a segment of the Comedy Central program Drunk History's episode, \"Space.\" In 2015, it was announced Warner Brothers was in development on a drama about Sagan and Druyan's relationship, to be produced by producer Lynda Obst and Druyan.The asteroids 2709 Sagan and 4970 Druyan are in perpetual wedding ring orbit around the Sun.", "Q61132": "Wolf-Heinrich Julius Otto Bernhard Fritz Hermann Ferdinand Graf von Helldorff (14 October 1896 \u2013 15 August 1944) was a German police official and politician, who served as a Member of the Prussian Parliament during the Weimar Republic, as a Member of the Reichstag (German federal parliament) for the Nazi Party from 1933, and as president of police in Potsdam and Berlin. From 1938, the Graf became associated with the anti-Nazi resistance, and was executed in 1944 for his role in the 20th July plot to overthrow Hitler's regime.", "Q391297": "Agathe de La Fontaine (born 27 March 1972) is a French actress. Her film roles include Train de vie (1998), which shared the 1999 Sundance World Cinema Audience Award with Run Lola Run, and Love in Paris, the sequel to 9\u00bd Weeks. La Fontaine was married to former football player Emmanuel Petit.", "Q284856": "Thomas Charles Godwin (5 November 1920 \u2013 3 November 2012) was a British track cyclist, active during the 1940s and 1950s. He held national records and raced abroad. He later became a coach, manager and administrator.\nIn 2010 he was selected as an ambassador for the 2012 London Olympics. In 2012, aged 91, he was selected to take part in the Olympic torch relay, carrying it through Solihull.", "Q18397": "The White Sheik (Italian: Lo sceicco bianco) is a 1952 Italian romantic comedy film directed by Federico Fellini and starring Alberto Sordi, Leopoldo Trieste, Brunella Bovo and Giulietta Masina. Written by Fellini, Tullio Pinelli, Ennio Flaiano and Michelangelo Antonioni, the film is about a man who brings his new bride to Rome for their honeymoon, to gain an audience with the Pope, and to present his wife to his family. When the young woman sneaks away to find the hero of her romance novels, the man is forced to spend hour after painful hour making excuses to his eager family who want to meet his missing bride. The White Sheik was filmed on location in Fregene, Rome, Spoleto and Vatican City.", "Q21516": "Ignazio Porro (25 November 1801 \u2013 8 October 1875) was an Italian inventor of optical instruments.\nPorro's name is most closely associated with the prism system which he invented around 1850 and which is used in the construction of Porro prism binoculars.\nHe also developed a strip camera in 1853 for mapping, which was one of the earliest such.", "Q19089": "GoldenEye is a 1995 spy film, the seventeenth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and the first to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It was directed by Martin Campbell and is the first in the series not to utilize any story elements from the works of novelist Ian Fleming. The story was conceived and written by Michael France, with later collaboration by other writers. In the film, Bond fights to prevent an ex-MI6 agent, gone rogue, from using a satellite weapon against London to cause a global financial meltdown.\nThe film was released after a six-year hiatus in the series caused by legal disputes, during which Timothy Dalton resigned from the role of James Bond and was replaced by Pierce Brosnan. M was also recast, with actress Judi Dench becoming the first woman to portray the character, replacing Robert Brown. The role of Miss Moneypenny was also recast, with Caroline Bliss being replaced by Samantha Bond; Desmond Llewelyn was the only actor to reprise his role, as Q. It was the first Bond film made after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, which provided a background for the plot. Principal photography for GoldenEye took place in the UK, Russia, Monte Carlo and Puerto Rico; it was the inaugural film production to be shot at Leavesden Studios. The first Bond film to use computer generated imagery, GoldenEye was also the final film of special effects supervisor Derek Meddings's career, and was dedicated to his memory.\nThe film accumulated a worldwide gross of US$355 million, considerably better than Dalton's films, without taking inflation into account. It received positive reviews, with critics viewing Brosnan as a definite improvement over his predecessor. It also received award nominations for \"Best Achievement in Special Effects\" and \"Best Sound\" from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.The name \"GoldenEye\" pays homage to James Bond's creator, Ian Fleming. While working for British Naval Intelligence as a lieutenant commander, Fleming liaised with the Naval Intelligence Division to monitor developments in Spain after the Spanish Civil War in an operation codenamed Operation Goldeneye. Fleming used the name of this operation for his estate in Oracabessa, Jamaica.", "Q583": "Mont Blanc (French: [m\u0254\u0303 bl\u0251\u0303]; Italian: Monte Bianco [\u02c8monte \u02c8bja\u014bko]; meaning \"White Mountain\") is the highest mountain in the Alps and the highest in Europe west of the Caucasus peaks of Russia and Georgia.\nIt rises 4,808 m (15,774 ft) above sea level and is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence. The mountain stands in a range called the Graian Alps, between the regions of Aosta Valley, Italy, and Savoie and Haute-Savoie, France. The location of the summit is on the watershed line between the valleys of Ferret and Veny in Italy and the valleys of Montjoie, and Arve in France, on the border between the two countries.\nThe Mont Blanc massif is popular for outdoor activities like hiking, climbing, trail running and winter sports like skiing, and snowboarding. The most popular route is the Go\u00fbter Route, which typically takes two days.\nThe three towns and their communes which surround Mont Blanc are Courmayeur in Aosta Valley, Italy; and Saint-Gervais-les-Bains and Chamonix in Haute-Savoie, France. The latter town was the site of the first Winter Olympics. A cable car ascends and crosses the mountain range from Courmayeur to Chamonix, through the Col du G\u00e9ant. The 11.6 km (7 1\u20444-mile) Mont Blanc Tunnel, constructed between 1957 and 1965, runs beneath the mountain and is a major trans-Alpine transport route.", "Q19898118": "Under Fire (stylized as Tom Clancy Under Fire, Tom Clancy: Under Fire, or Tom Clancy's Under Fire in the United Kingdom) is a political thriller novel, written by Grant Blackwood and released on June 16, 2015. It is the first book in the Jack Ryan Jr. series, which is part of the overall Tom Clancy universe, as well as Blackwood's first solo contribution to the franchise. In the novel, Ryan must choose between his country and his mysterious friend Seth Gregory, who is involved in Dagestan's struggle for independence from the Russian Federation. The book debuted at number four on the New York Times bestseller list.", "Q181028": "Peter Steiner, known as Peter \"Cool Man\" Steiner (January 22, 1917 \u2013 November 12, 2007) was a Swiss man who became famous during the 1990s as a music-making advertising character called \"Cool Man\".\nHis first songs \"It's cool man\" and \"Geierwally\" have sold more than a million copies. Steiner was awarded with a \"Golden CD\" in Switzerland as well as in Germany.", "Q332528": "Winston Spencer-Churchill (10 October 1940 \u2013 2 March 2010), generally known as Winston Churchill, was a British Conservative politician and a grandson of former Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill. During the period of his prominence as a public figure, he was normally referred to as Winston Churchill , in order to distinguish him from his grandfather. His father Randolph Churchill was also an MP.", "Q57480": "Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi (\u02bfAbdrabbuh Man\u1e63\u016br H\u0101d\u012b; Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u200e Yemeni pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0295\u00e6bd\u02c8r\u0251b.bu m\u00e6n\u02c8s\u02e4u\u02d0r \u02c8h\u00e6\u02d0di]; born 1 September 1945) is a Yemeni politician and former Field Marshal of the Yemeni Armed Forces. He was Vice President from 1994 to 2012; and the President of Yemen from 27 February 2012 to 22 January 2015 when he was overthrown by Houthi revolutionaries. He has been retaining the title of 'president' after initially resigning, though he lives in exile in Saudi Arabia.Between 4 June and 23 September 2011, Hadi was the acting President of Yemen while Ali Abdullah Saleh was undergoing medical treatment in Saudi Arabia following an attack on the presidential palace during the 2011 Yemeni uprising. On 23 November, he became Acting President again, after Saleh moved into a non-active role pending the presidential election \"in return for immunity from prosecution\". Hadi was \"expected to form a national unity government and also call for early presidential elections within 90 days\" while Saleh continued to serve as President in name only. \nMansour Hadi was chosen as a president for a two-year transitional period on February 21, 2012, in an election in which he was the only candidate. His mandate was extended for another year in January 2014. He remained in power after the expiration of his mandate.On 22 January 2015, he was forced to resign by the Houthis after a mass protest against his decision to raise the fuel subsidies and due to dissatisfaction with the outcome of the 2011 Revolution. Subsequently, the Houthis and the supporters of Saleh seized the presidential palace and placed Hadi under house arrest. A month later, he escaped to his hometown of Aden, rescinded his resignation, and denounced the Houthi takeover. The Houthis named a Revolutionary Committee to assume the powers of the presidency, as well as the General People's Congress, Hadi's own political party. On 25 March 2015, after the beginning of the Yemeni Civil War, Hadi fled Yemen in a boat as Houthi forces advanced on Aden. He arrived in Riyadh the next day, as Saudi Arabia began a bombing campaign in support of his government. He returned to Aden in September 2015, as Saudi-backed government forces recaptured the city. In late 2017, he was reportedly residing in Riyadh under house arrest. On 2 January 2020, the Specialised Criminal Court in Sanaa, Yemen, sentenced Hadi and his Prime Minister Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed to death, after the two were convicted of high treason, abuse of government estates and looting the country\u2019s treasury.", "Q155279": "Dolores Costello (September 17, 1903 \u2013 March 1, 1979) was an American film actress who achieved her greatest success during the era of silent movies. She was nicknamed \"The Goddess of the Silent Screen\". She was stepmother of John Barrymore's daughter Diana, by his second wife Blanche Oelrichs, the mother of John Drew Barrymore and Dolores (Dee Dee) Barrymore, and the grandmother of Antony Fairbanks Barrymore, John Barrymore III, Blyth Dolores Barrymore, Brahma Blyth (Jessica) Barrymore, Hillary Bedell, and Drew Barrymore.", "Q77036": "Armin Theophil Wegner (October 16, 1886 \u2013 May 17, 1978) was a German soldier and medic in World War I, a prolific author, and a human rights activist. Stationed in the Ottoman Empire during World War I, Wegner was a witness to the Armenian Genocide and the photographs he took documenting the plight of the Armenians today \"comprises the core of witness images of the Genocide.\"In the years following World War I, Wegner also voiced his opposition, at great risk to his own life, to the anti-semitic policies of the Nazis. In 1933, he authored an impassioned plea to Adolf Hitler on behalf of the Jews of Germany. He suggested that the persecution of the Jews was not just a question of \"the fate of our Jewish brothers alone, [but also] the fate of Germany.\" Noting that he was writing the letter as a proud German who could himself trace his Prussian familial roots back to the time of the Crusades, Wegner asked Hitler what would become of Germany if it continued its persecution of Jews. Answering his own question, Wegner declared, \"There is no Fatherland without justice!\" He was persecuted by the Nazis and fled after release from concentration camps.\nAfter leaving Germany, he lived the rest of his life in Italy. He was later recognized for his anti-genocide efforts, including recognition by Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations. His story and his pictures have featured in multiple later efforts to document the Armenian genocide.", "Q67225": "Berneck is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q70759": "Peter Kremer (born 18 February 1958 in Brilon, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German theatre and television actor.", "Q190643": "Platoon is a 1987 American war film written and directed by Oliver Stone, starring Tom Berenger, Willem Dafoe, Charlie Sheen, Keith David, Kevin Dillon, John C. McGinley, Forest Whitaker, and Johnny Depp. It is the first film of a trilogy of Vietnam War films directed by Stone, followed by Born on the Fourth of July (1989) and Heaven & Earth (1993). The film, based on Stone's experience from the war, follows a U.S. Army volunteer (Sheen) serving in Vietnam while his Platoon Sergeant and his Squad Leader (Berenger and Dafoe) argue over the morality in the platoon and the conduct of the war.\nStone wrote the screenplay based upon his experiences as a U.S. infantryman in Vietnam, to counter the vision of the war portrayed in John Wayne's The Green Berets. Although having written films such as Midnight Express and Scarface, Stone struggled to get the film developed until Hemdale Film Corporation acquired the project along with Salvador. Filming took place in the Philippines in February 1986 and lasted 54 days. Platoon was the first Hollywood film to be written and directed by a veteran of the Vietnam War.Upon its release, Platoon received critical acclaim for Stone's directing and screenplay, the cinematography, battle sequences\u2019 realism and the performances of Dafoe and Berenger. The film was a box office success upon its release, grossing $138.5 million domestically against its $6 million budget. The film was nominated for eight Academy Awards at the 59th Academy Awards, and won four including Best Picture, Best Director for Stone, Best Sound and Best Film Editing. In 1998, the American Film Institute placed Platoon at #83 in their \"AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies\" poll. In 2019, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q102321": "Karl Riha (born 3 June 1935, \u010cesk\u00fd Krumlov, Czechoslovakia) is a German author and literary scholar.From 1989, he published the series Vergessene Autoren der Moderne (Forgotten Authors of the Modern style), along with Marcel Beyer at the University of Siegen.In 1996, he was awarded the Kassel Literary Prize for Grotesque Humor.\n\n", "Q557699": "Mark Reed Levin (; born September 21, 1957) is an American lawyer, author, and radio personality. He is the host of syndicated radio show The Mark Levin Show, as well as Life, Liberty & Levin on Fox News. Levin worked in the administration of President Ronald Reagan and was a chief of staff for Attorney General Edwin Meese. He is the former president of the Landmark Legal Foundation, a best-selling author of seven books, and contributes commentary to various media outlets such as National Review Online. Since 2015, Levin has been editor-in-chief of the Conservative Review and is known for his incendiary commentary.He has been described as \"right-wing\" and \"conservative\". He is known for his harsh criticisms of Democrats and encouragement of primary challenges to congressional Republicans that he considers to be \"RINO\". He endorsed Ted Cruz in the 2016 Republican presidential primary and declared himself \"Never Trump\", but reluctantly endorsed Donald Trump after Trump won the Republican nomination. Since the start of the Trump presidency, Levin's commentary has turned staunchly pro-Trump.", "Q71447": "Claire Goll (born Clara Aischmann) (29 October 1890 in Nuremberg, Germany \u2013 30 May 1977 in Paris, France) was a German-French writer and journalist; she married the poet Yvan Goll in 1921.\nIn 1911 Goll married the publisher Heinrich Studer (1889\u20131961) and lived with him in Leipzig. In May 1912 she gave birth to their daughter Dorothea Elisabeth, her only child. In 1916 she emigrated in protest of World War I to Switzerland, where she studied at the University of Geneva, became involved in the peace movement, and began to work as a journalist. In 1917 she and Studer divorced, and she met the poet Yvan Goll, to whom she became engaged. At the end 1918, she had an affair with Rainer Maria Rilke and they remained friends until his death. In 1918 she debuted as a writer with the poetry collection Mitwelt and the novella collection Die Frauen erwachen. In 1919, she travelled with Goll to Paris, where they married in 1921. Her short stories, poems, and novels also appeared in French. She wrote her poetry collections Po\u00e8mes d'amour (1925), Po\u00e8mes de la jalousie (1926) and Po\u00e8mes de la vie et de la mort together with her husband as a \"shared song of love\" (\"Wechselgesang der Liebe\").\nThe pair, both of Jewish origin, fled from Europe to New York in 1939, but returned in 1947. Yvan died in 1950. From then on, Goll dedicated her work to her husband. Her autobiographical novels Der gestohlene Himmel (1962) and Traumt\u00e4nzerin (1971) did not receive much attention. However, her battle with Paul Celan over copyright and plagiarism, known as the \"Goll Affair\", caused a significant stir.", "Q69208": "Windisch is a municipality in the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q488589": "The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (German: Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie), abbreviated BMWi, is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was previously known as the \"Ministry of Economy\". It was recreated in 2005 as \"Ministry of Economics and Technology\" after it had previously been merged with other ministries to form the Federal Ministry for Economics and Labour between 2002 and 2005.", "Q5593": "Pablo Ruiz Picasso (UK: , US: , Spanish: [\u02c8pa\u03b2lo pi\u02c8kaso]; 25 October 1881 \u2013 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker and ceramicist who spent most of his adult life in France. Regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by the German and Italian airforces during the Spanish Civil War.\nPicasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. After 1906, the Fauvist work of the slightly older artist Henri Matisse motivated Picasso to explore more radical styles, beginning a fruitful rivalry between the two artists, who subsequently were often paired by critics as the leaders of modern art.Picasso's work is often categorized into periods. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901\u20131904), the Rose Period (1904\u20131906), the African-influenced Period (1907\u20131909), Analytic Cubism (1909\u20131912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912\u20131919), also referred to as the Crystal period. Much of Picasso's work of the late 1910s and early 1920s is in a neoclassical style, and his work in the mid-1920s often has characteristics of Surrealism. His later work often combines elements of his earlier styles.\nExceptionally prolific throughout the course of his long life, Picasso achieved universal renown and immense fortune for his revolutionary artistic accomplishments, and became one of the best-known figures in 20th-century art.", "Q217794": "Abel Pacheco de la Espriella ( (listen) \u0259-BEL p\u0259-CHAY-koh; born 22 December 1933 in San Jos\u00e9) was president of Costa Rica between 2002 and 2006, representing the Social Christian Unity Party (Partido Unidad Social Cristiana \u2013 PUSC). He ran on a platform to continue free market reforms and to institute an austerity program, and was elected, in a second electoral round, with 58% of the vote in April 2002.\n\n", "Q714718": "David W. Bargeron (born September 6, 1942 in Athol, Massachusetts) is an American trombonist and tuba player who was a member of the jazz-rock group Blood, Sweat, and Tears.\nHe was lead trombonist with Clark Terry's Big Band and played bass trombone and tuba with Doc Severinsen's Band between 1968 and 1970. He joined Blood, Sweat, and Tears in 1970 after Jerry Hyman departed and first appeared on the album Blood, Sweat & Tears 4. With this group he recorded the jazz-rock solo on the tuba in \"And When I Die/One Room Country Shack\" on the album Live and Improvised (1975). His recording credits with BS&T include eleven albums. A break in their schedule allowed him to join the Gil Evans Orchestra in 1972.\nBargeron became a freelance musician after leaving Blood, Sweat, and Tears. He has recorded with Billy Joel, Paul Simon, Mick Jagger, James Taylor, Eric Clapton, David Sanborn, Carla Bley, and Pat Metheny. He has performed with the George Gruntz Concert Jazz Band from Switzerland, the George Russell Living Time Orchestra, and was a long-time member of Jaco Pastorius's Word of Mouth Band. He has recorded and toured with Tuba Tuba, a jazz tuba band which includes Michel Godard, Luciano Biondini, and Kenwood Dennard. He is a member of Howard Johnson's Gravity, a six-tuba group that has been together since 1968. Bargeron has released several albums as a soloist and in collaboration.", "Q983055": "Dana Tyrone Rohrabacher (; born June 21, 1947) is a former American politician, who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1989 to 2019. A Republican, he formerly represented California's 48th congressional district for the last three terms of his House tenure. \nFollowing the election of Donald Trump in 2016, Rohrabacher was on the shortlist for Secretary of State along with Mitt Romney and eventual pick Rex Tillerson. Rohrabacher ran for re-election to Congress in 2018, losing to Democrat Harley Rouda. He was the longest-serving House incumbent to lose reelection in 2018. Rohrabacher has expressed strong pro-Russia and pro-Putin opinions, which have raised questions about his relationship with Vladimir Putin and the Russian government.", "Q2884709": "Chipping Barnet or High Barnet is a suburban market town in north London, forming part of the London Borough of Barnet, England. It is a suburban development built around a 12th-century settlement, and is located 10 1\u20442 miles (17 km) north-northwest of Charing Cross, 3 miles (4.8 km) east from Borehamwood, 5.2 miles (8.4 km) west from Enfield and 3.2 miles (5.1 km) south from Potters Bar. Its population, including its localities East Barnet, New Barnet, Hadley Wood, Monken Hadley, Cockfosters and Arkley, was 47,359 as of 2011.\nIts name is very often abbreviated to just Barnet, which is also the name of the borough of which it forms a part. Chipping Barnet is also the name of the Parliamentary constituency covering the local area \u2013 the word \"Chipping\" denotes the presence of a market, one that was established here at the end of the 12th century and persists to this day. Chipping Barnet is one of the highest urban settlements in London, with the town centre having an elevation of about 427 feet (130 m).", "Q12862": "Jorge Camacho Cord\u00f3n (born 18 November 1966, Zafra) is a writer in Esperanto and Spanish.\nCamacho was born in Zafra, Spain and learned Esperanto in 1980. He was a member of the Academy of Esperanto from 1992 until 2001. Since 1995 he has worked in Brussels as an interpreter for the European Union from English and Finnish into Spanish.\nCamacho was elected to the Academy of Esperanto in 1992, but on 15 August 2001 he announced his resignation due to disappointment with the Esperanto movement. However, he remains active in Esperanto and continues to review literary works.", "Q1800159": "Lafayette Leake (June 1, 1919 \u2013 August 14, 1990) was a blues and jazz pianist, organist, vocalist and composer who played for Chess Records as a session musician, and as a member of the Big Three Trio, during the formative years of Chicago blues. He played piano on many of Chuck Berry's recordings.", "Q185528": "Web of Passion (also released as Leda, original French title: \u00c0 double tour) is a 1959 French suspense thriller film directed by Claude Chabrol and based on the novel The Key to Nicholas Street by American writer Stanley Ellin. It was Chabrol's first film in the thriller genre, which would be his genre of choice for the rest of his career. The film had a total of 1,445,587 admissions in France.", "Q356904": "Orin Glenn Troutman (born October 24, 1934), known professionally as Glen Glenn, is an American rockabilly singer, whose career began in the early 1950s and continues to this day.\nHe was born in Joplin, Missouri. In late 1957, he signed with Era Records in Los Angeles, California and in January 1958 his first single was released, \"Everybody's Movin'\" backed with \"I'm Glad My Baby's Gone\".", "Q1124849": "Verve Records, also known as The Verve Music Group, founded in 1956 by Norman Granz, is home to the world's largest jazz catalogue and includes recordings by artists such as Ella Fitzgerald, Nina Simone, Stan Getz, Bill Evans and Billie Holiday, among others. It absorbed the catalogues of Granz's earlier labels, Clef Records, founded in 1946, Norgran Records, founded in 1953, and material previously licensed to Mercury Records.Verve also served as the original home of rock music acts such as The Velvet Underground, Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention. The restructured Verve Records is now part of the Verve Label Group, which is owned by Universal Music Group. This company is also home to historic imprints including Verve Forecast, Impulse and Decca Records.", "Q63043": "G\u00fcnther Quandt (28 July 1881 \u2013 30 December 1954) was a German industrialist who founded an industrial empire that today includes BMW and Altana (chemicals). \nHis descendants were ranked as the wealthiest Germans by Manager Magazin in 2014.", "Q329108": "Vision or The Vision may refer to:", "Q951113": "Elden Henson (born Elden Ryan Ratliff; August 30, 1977) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Fulton Reed in The Mighty Ducks trilogy (1992\u20131996), Foggy Nelson in Daredevil (2015\u20132018), the wider Marvel Cinematic Universe television series, and Pollux in The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 1 (2014) and Part 2 (2015).", "Q273206": "Joseph Louis Barrow (May 13, 1914 \u2013 April 12, 1981), known professionally as Joe Louis, was an American professional boxer who competed from 1934 to 1951. He reigned as the world heavyweight champion from 1937 to 1949, and is considered to be one of the greatest heavyweight boxers of all time. Nicknamed the Brown Bomber, Louis' championship reign lasted 140 consecutive months, during which he participated in 26 championship fights. The 27th fight, against Ezzard Charles in 1950, was a challenge for Charles' heavyweight title and so is not included in Louis' reign. He was victorious in 25 consecutive title defenses. In 2005, Louis was ranked as the best heavyweight of all time by the International Boxing Research Organization, and was ranked number one on The Ring magazine's list of the \"100 greatest punchers of all time\". Louis had the longest single reign as champion of any heavyweight boxer in history.\nLouis' cultural impact was felt well outside the ring. He is widely regarded as the first person of African-American descent to achieve the status of a nationwide hero within the United States, and was also a focal point of anti-Nazi sentiment leading up to and during World War II. He was instrumental in integrating the game of golf, breaking the sport's color barrier in America by appearing under a sponsor's exemption in a PGA event in 1952.Detroit's Joe Louis Greenway and the Forest Preserve District of Cook County's Joe Louis \"The Champ\" Golf Course, situated south of Chicago in Riverdale, Illinois, are named in his honor.", "Q16070339": "OVO Sound is a Toronto-based Canadian record label, founded by hip hop artist Drake, Oliver El-Khatib, and long-time producer Noah \"40\" Shebib, that began operation in 2012. It operates as a subsidiary of, and is distributed through, Warner Music Group's Warner Records.\nThe label has acts including Drake, Popcaan, PARTYNEXTDOOR, Majid Jordan, OB O'Brien, Roy Woods, and dvsn, as well as in-house producers 40, Boi-1da, T-Minus, Mike Zombie, Nineteen85 and Future the Prince.", "Q958889": "Pietro Ichino (born 22 March 1949 in Milan) is an Italian politician and professor of Labor Law at the University of Milan (Universit\u00e0 Statale di Milano). From 1979 to 1983 he was an independent left-wing MP belonging to the ranks of the Italian Communist Party. In 2008 he was elected Senator for the Democratic Party in the district of Lombardy.", "Q881130": "The Rostock University of Music and Theatre (short HMT, Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater Rostock in German) is a college of music in Rostock, Mecklenburg, Germany. It opened in 1994 and is situated in a former abbey called Katharinenkloster in the historical core of the city. The college is a member of the Association of Baltic Academies of Music.", "Q165392": "Gosford Park is a 2001 British satirical black comedy mystery film directed by Robert Altman and written by Julian Fellowes. The film stars an ensemble cast, which includes Eileen Atkins, Bob Balaban, Alan Bates, Charles Dance, Stephen Fry, Michael Gambon, Richard E. Grant, Derek Jacobi, Kelly Macdonald, Helen Mirren, Jeremy Northam, Clive Owen, Ryan Phillippe, Maggie Smith, Kristin Scott Thomas, and Emily Watson. The story follows a party of wealthy Britons plus an American producer, and their servants, who gather for a shooting weekend at Gosford Park, an English country house. A murder occurs after a dinner party, and the film goes on to present the subsequent investigation from the servants' and guests' perspectives.\nDevelopment on Gosford Park began in 1999, when Bob Balaban asked Altman if they could develop a film together. Balaban suggested an Agatha Christie-style whodunit and introduced Altman to Julian Fellowes, with whom Balaban had been working on a different project. The film went into production in March 2001, and began filming at Shepperton Studios with a production budget of $19.8 million. Gosford Park premiered on 7 November 2001 at the London Film Festival. It received a limited release across cinemas in the United States in December 2001, before being widely released in January 2002 by USA Films. It was released in February 2002 in the United Kingdom.\nThe film was successful at the box office, grossing over $87 million in cinemas worldwide, making it Altman's second-most successful film after MASH. Widely acclaimed by critics, it received multiple awards and nominations, including seven Academy Awards nominations and nine British Academy Film Awards nominations.\nThe TV series Downton Abbey \u2013 written and created by Fellowes \u2013 was originally planned as a spin-off of Gosford Park, but instead was developed as a standalone property inspired by the film, set decades earlier.", "Q690342": "Harem (\u30cf\u30fc\u30ec\u30e0\u3082\u306e, h\u0101remumono, \"harem works\") is a subgenre of Japanese light novels, manga, anime, and video games focused on polygynous/polyandrous relationships, where a protagonist is surrounded by three or more love interests or sexual partners. A male-heterosexual or yuri harem series is informally referred to as a female harem or seraglios, while a female-heterosexual or yaoi harem series is informally referred to as a male harem, reverse harem, or gyaku h\u0101remu (\u9006\u30cf\u30fc\u30ec\u30e0).", "Q3621491": "Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. In Europe it is often viewed as either a discipline in its own right or a sub-field of other disciplines, while in North America archaeology is a sub-field of anthropology.Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. Archaeology is distinct from palaeontology, which is the study of fossil remains. It is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for whom there may be no written records to study. Prehistory includes over 99% of the human past, from the Paleolithic until the advent of literacy in societies across the world. Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.The discipline involves surveying, excavation and eventually analysis of data collected to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. It draws upon anthropology, history, art history, classics, ethnology, geography, geology, literary history, linguistics, semiology, sociology, textual criticism, physics, information sciences, chemistry, statistics, paleoecology, paleography, paleontology, paleozoology, and paleobotany.Archaeology developed out of antiquarianism in Europe during the 19th century, and has since become a discipline practiced across the world. Archaeology has been used by nation-states to create particular visions of the past. Since its early development, various specific sub-disciplines of archaeology have developed, including maritime archaeology, feminist archaeology and archaeoastronomy, and numerous different scientific techniques have been developed to aid archaeological investigation. Nonetheless, today, archaeologists face many problems, such as dealing with pseudoarchaeology, the looting of artifacts, a lack of public interest, and opposition to the excavation of human remains.", "Q83821": "The Adil Shahi or Adilshahi, was a Shia Muslim dynasty, founded by Yusuf Adil Shah, that ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur, centred on present-day Bijapur district, Karnataka in India, in the Western area of the Deccan region of Southern India from 1489 to 1686. Bijapur had been a province of the Bahmani Sultanate (1347\u20131518), before its political decline in the last quarter of the 15th century and eventual break-up in 1518. The Bijapur Sultanate was absorbed into the Mughal Empire on 12 September 1686, after its conquest by the Emperor Aurangzeb.The founder of the dynasty, Yusuf Adil Shah (1490\u20131510), was appointed Bahmani governor of the province, before creating a de facto independent Bijapur state. Yusuf and his son, Ismail, generally used the title Adil Khan. 'Khan', meaning 'Chief' in Mongolian and adopted in Persian, conferred a lower status than 'Shah', indicating royal rank. Only with the rule of Yusuf's grandson, Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1534\u20131558), did the title of Adil Shah come into common use.\nThe Bijapur Sultanate's borders changed considerably throughout its history. Its northern boundary remained relatively stable, straddling contemporary Southern Maharashtra and Northern Karnataka. The Sultanate expanded southward, first with the conquest of the Raichur Doab following the defeat of the Vijayanagar Empire at the Battle of Talikota in 1565. Later campaigns, notably during the reign of Mohammed Adil Shah (1627\u20131657), extended Bijapur's formal borders and nominal authority as far south as Bangalore. Bijapur was bounded on the West by the Portuguese state of Goa and on the East by the Sultanate of Golconda, ruled by the Qutb Shahi dynasty.\nThe former Bahmani provincial capital of Bijapur remained the capital of the Sultanate throughout its existence. After modest earlier developments, Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1534\u20131558) and Ali Adil Shah I (1558\u20131579) remodelled Bijapur, providing the citadel and city walls, congregational mosque, core royal palaces and major water supply infrastructure. Their successors, Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580\u20131627), Mohammed Adil Shah (1627\u20131657) and Ali Adil Shah II (1657\u20131672), further adorned Bijapur with palaces, mosques, mausoleum and other structures, considered to be some of the finest examples of Deccan Sultanate and Indo-Islamic Architecture.\nBijapur was caught up in the instability and conflict resulting from the collapse of the Bahmani Empire. Constant warring, both with the Vijayanagar Empire and the other Deccan Sultanates, curtailed the development of state before the Deccan Sultanates allied to achieve victory over Vijayanagar at Talikota in 1565. Bijapur eventually conquered the neighbouring Sultanate of Bidar in 1619. The Portuguese Empire exerted pressure on the major Adil Shahi port of Goa, until it was conquered during the reign of Ibrahim II. The Sultanate was thereafter relatively stable, although it was damaged by the revolt of Shivaji, whose father was Maratha commander in the service of Adil Shah. Shivaji founded an independent Maratha Kingdom which went on to become the Maratha Empire, one of the largest empires in India, just before the British conquered India. The greatest threat to Bijapur's security was, from the late 16th century, the expansion of the Mughal Empire into the Deccan. Although it may be the case that the Mughals destroyed the Adilshahi it was Shivaji's revolt which weakened the Adilshahi control. Various agreements and treaties imposed Mughal suzerainty on the Adil Shahs, by stages, until Bijapur's formal recognition of Mughal authority in 1636. The demands of their Mughal overlords sapped the Adil Shahs of their wealth until the Mughal conquest of Bijapur in 1686.", "Q230303": "Caroline Bouvier Kennedy (born November 27, 1957) is an American author, attorney, and diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Japan from 2013 to 2017. She is a prominent member of the Kennedy family and the only surviving child of President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy.\nKennedy was five days shy of her sixth birthday when her father was assassinated on November 22, 1963. The following year, Caroline, her mother, and brother John F. Kennedy Jr. settled on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, where she attended school. Kennedy graduated from Radcliffe College and worked at Manhattan's Metropolitan Museum of Art, where she met her future husband, exhibit designer Edwin Schlossberg. She went on to receive a J.D. degree from Columbia Law School. Most of Kennedy's professional life has spanned law and politics, as well as education reform and charitable work. She has also acted as a spokesperson for her family's legacy and co-authored two books with Ellen Aldermanon on civil liberties.\nEarly in the primary race for the 2008 presidential election, Kennedy and her uncle Ted endorsed Democratic candidate Barack Obama; she later stumped for him in Florida, Indiana, and Ohio, served as co-chair of his Vice Presidential Search Committee, and addressed the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver.After Obama selected United States Senator Hillary Clinton to serve as Secretary of State, Kennedy expressed interest in being appointed to Clinton's vacant Senate seat from New York, but she later withdrew from consideration, citing \"personal reasons.\" Congresswoman Kirsten Gillibrand ultimately replaced Clinton as the junior New York Senator. In 2013, President Obama appointed Kennedy as the United States Ambassador to Japan.", "Q372642": "Khosrow Shakib\u0101'\u00ed or Khosro Shakibaei (Persian: \u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648 \u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200e; March 27, 1944, Tehran, Iran \u2013 July 18, 2008, Tehran) was an Iranian stage and cinema actor. He ranks amongst the most accomplished actors of his generation.\nKhosrow Shakibai was born to Colonel Ahmad Shakib\u0101i and Ms Farideh Kh\u0101tami. His father, who was an army Colonel, died from cancer when Khosrow (called Mahmoud by family and close friends) was only fourteen. Khosrow studied acting at Faculty of Fine Arts of University of Tehran. He began his stage career in 1963 and branched out his activities into film dubbing in 1968. Shakib\u0101'\u00ed initiated his film acting in 1982 with Khatt-e Ghermez (The Red Line), directed by Masoud Kimiai. He had played in seven feature films when the film director Dariush Mehrjui offered him the title role of Hamoun, a film that over time has achieved a cult status.", "Q506398": "Claremont () is a city on the eastern edge of Los Angeles County, California, United States, 30 miles (48 km) east of downtown Los Angeles. It is in the Pomona Valley, at the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 34,926, and in 2018 the estimated population was 36,478.Claremont is the home of the Claremont Colleges and other educational institutions, and the city is known for its tree-lined streets with numerous historic buildings. In July 2007, it was rated by CNN/Money magazine as the fifth best place to live in the United States, and was the highest rated place in California on the list. It was also named the best suburb in the West by Sunset Magazine in 2016, which described it as a \"small city that blends worldly sophistication with small-town appeal.\" In 2018, Niche rated Claremont as the 17th best place to live in the Los Angeles area out of 658 communities it evaluated, based on crime, cost of living, job opportunities, and local amenities. Due to its large number of trees and residents with doctoral degrees, as well as its proximity to the renowned Claremont Colleges, it is sometimes referred to as \"The City of Trees and Ph.Ds.\"The city is primarily residential, with a significant portion of its commercial activity located in \"The Village,\" a popular collection of street-front small stores, boutiques, art galleries, offices, and restaurants adjacent to and west of the Claremont Colleges. The Village was expanded in 2007, adding a controversial multi-use development that includes a cinema, a boutique hotel, retail space, offices, and a parking structure on the site of an old citrus packing plant west of Indian Hill Boulevard.\nClaremont has been a winner of the National Arbor Day Association's Tree City USA award for 22 consecutive years. When the city incorporated in 1907, local citizens started what has become the city's tree-planting tradition. Claremont is one of the few remaining places in North America with American Elm trees that have not been exposed to Dutch elm disease. The stately trees line Indian Hill Boulevard in the vicinity of the city's Memorial Park.\nThe city hosts several large retirement communities, among them Pilgrim Place, the Claremont Manor and Mt. San Antonio Gardens.", "Q558582": "Ronnie Lee Milsap (born January 16, 1943) is an American country music singer and pianist. He was one of country music's most popular and influential performers of the 1970s and 1980s. He became one of the most successful and versatile country \"crossover\" singers of his time, appealing to both country and pop music markets with hit songs that incorporated pop, R&B, and rock and roll elements. His biggest crossover hits include \"It Was Almost Like a Song\", \"Smoky Mountain Rain\", \"(There's) No Gettin' Over Me\", \"I Wouldn't Have Missed It for the World\", \"Any Day Now\", and \"Stranger in My House\". He is credited with six Grammy Awards and thirty-five No. 1 country hits, third to George Strait and Conway Twitty. He was selected for induction into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2014.", "Q153620": "Am\u0101null\u0101h Kh\u0101n (Pashto: \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u200e) was the sovereign of the Kingdom of Afghanistan from 1919 to 1929, first as Emir and after 1926 as Malik (King). After the third Anglo-Afghan War, Afghanistan was able to pursue an independent foreign policy free from the influence of the United Kingdom. His rule was marked by dramatic political and social change, attempting to modernize Afghanistan on Western designs, which he did not fully succeed in, due to an uprising by Habibullah Kalakani and his followers. On 14 January 1929, Amanullah abdicated and fled to neighbouring British India as the Afghan Civil War began to escalate. From British India he went to Europe where after 30 years in exile died in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland, in 1960.", "Q559844": "Haim Saban (; Hebrew: \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d1\u05df\u200e; born October 15, 1944) is an Israeli-American media proprietor, investor, musician, and producer of records, film, and television. A businessman with interests in financial services, entertainment, and media, and an estimated net worth of $3 billion, he is ranked by Forbes as the 232nd richest person in America. Saban is the founder of Saban Entertainment, producer and distributor of children's television programs in the US such as Power Rangers. He headed up consortiums which purchased the broadcasters ProSiebenSat.1 Media and Univision Communications. He is a major donor to the US Democratic Party and active in pro-Israel political efforts in the US. In March 2017, Saban was honored with the 2,605th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his achievements in television.", "Q567772": "Walid Raad (Ra'ad) (Arabic: \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0639\u062f) (born 1967 in Chbanieh, Lebanon) is a contemporary media artist. The Atlas Group is a fictional collective, the work of which is produced by Walid Raad. He lives and works in New York, where he is currently an Associate Professor at the School of Art at the Cooper Union School of Art.\nHis works to date include film, photography, multimedia installations, and accompanying public performances. All, in one way or another, deal with the contemporary history of Lebanon with particular emphasis on the wars in Lebanon between 1975 and 1991. The work is also often concerned with the representation of traumatic events of collective historical dimensions; and the ways film, video, and photography function as documents of physical and psychological violence. He is also a member of the Arab Image Foundation.", "Q105466": "Bonnie Francesca Wright (born 17 February 1991) is an English actress, film director, screenwriter, model, producer, and activist. She is best known for playing the role of Ginny Weasley in the Harry Potter film series, based on the novel series of the same name by J. K. Rowling.", "Q79033": "Irene Harand (6 September 1900 \u2013 3 February 1975) was an Austrian human rights activist and campaigner against antisemitism.\nHarand was born a Roman Catholic in Vienna and was an early organiser of protests against Nazi Germany's persecutions of Jews. She started the Harand Movement, an organisation Weltbewegung gegen Rassenhass und Menschennot (World Movement Against Racial Hatred and Human Suffering) in 1933 and actively campaigned throughout Europe before World War II.\nThough not opposed to the Austrofascist rule of Engelbert Dollfu\u00df and his Fatherland's Front, Harand fought against antisemitic sentiments and Nazism. To counter Adolf Hitler's book Mein Kampf, she wrote a book named Sein Kampf - Antwort an Hitler von Irene Harand (His Struggle - the Answer to Hitler from Irene Harand).In 1937, Irene Harand published a series of anti-Nazi poster stamps (oversized, unofficial stamps often used at the time in promotions) portraying the contributions made by Jews to civilisation over the centuries.When Nazi Germany invaded Austria in 1938, Harand was in London lecturing; it saved her life as the Nazis had set a price for her capture of 100,000 Reichmarks. She then emigrated to the United States, where she established the Austrian forum, which after the war was the basis for the Austrian Cultural Forum, of which she became the leader.\nIn 1969 she received the honorary title of a Righteous among the Nations from the state of Israel for her resistance against the Nazi anti-semitism. Harand died in New York in 1975 and her ashes are buried at Feuerhalle Simmering in Vienna. In 2008 a square in the Vienna district of Wieden was named in her honour.", "Q477213": "Megaforce Records is an American independent record label founded in 1982 by Jon Zazula and his wife Marsha Zazula to publish the first works of Metallica. It has offices in New York City (where the corporate office is located) and Philadelphia. The label is distributed in the United States by RED Distribution, having previously been distributed by Atlantic Records while Anthrax' recordings from 1985 to 1991 were marketed by Island Records.\nMegaforce artists that have appeared on the Billboard Top 200 chart include Metallica, Blue October, Anthrax, Overkill, Testament, Mushroomhead, Ministry, Bad Brains and Meat Puppets. The Black Crowes and Meat Puppets have both received various RIAA certifications in the US.", "Q272130": "Mika Sue Boorem (born August 18, 1987) is an American actress and director. She began her career as a child actor, appearing on television in small guest roles on Touched by an Angel and Ally McBeal, before earning critical acclaim for her performance in The Education of Little Tree (1997). After being cast in supporting roles in Jack Frost and Mighty Joe Young (both 1998), Boorem had a lead role in the drama Hearts in Atlantis (2001), opposite Anton Yelchin and Anthony Hopkins, which garnered her further critical acclaim.\nBoorem subsequently had supporting roles in the war drama The Patriot (2000) and the thriller Along Came a Spider (2001). She went on to star in numerous teen films in the early-to-mid 2000s, including the surf film Blue Crush (2002), the comedy Sleepover (2004), and the drama Augusta, Gone (2006). She was also a recurring guest star on the network series Dawson's Creek between 2002 and 2003. She had a central role in John Carpenter's horror film The Ward (2010), followed by roles in several independent films.\nIn 2018, Boorem made her feature directorial debut with Hollywood.Con, starring Tom Arnold and Brian Krause.", "Q1199338": "Adam Wakeman (born 11 March 1974) is an English musician and the current keyboardist and rhythm guitarist for Ozzy Osbourne's band; he also played keyboards and guitar off-stage for Black Sabbath. Wakeman has also worked with Annie Lennox, Travis, the Company of Snakes, Strawbs, Will Young, Victoria Beckham, Atomic Kitten, and Martin Barre. \nWakeman has often collaborated with his father, Rick Wakeman, and has released albums with him. He has also released solo albums Soliloquy, 100 Years Overtime, Real World Trilogy and Neurasthenia. In 2006, he created his own band, Headspace, with Damian Wilson.", "Q361158": "Thomas Joseph Thyne (born March 7, 1975) is an American actor, best known for his role in Bones as Dr. Jack Hodgins, an entomologist, mineralogist, and botanist.", "Q9381": "Adam Smith (16 June [O.S. 5 June] 1723 \u2013 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher and author as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment, also known as ''The Father of Economics'' or ''The Father of Capitalism''. Smith wrote two classic works, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). The latter, often abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations, is considered his magnum opus and the first modern work of economics. In his work, Adam Smith introduced his theory of absolute advantage.Smith studied social philosophy at the University of Glasgow and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he was one of the first students to benefit from scholarships set up by fellow Scot John Snell. After graduating, he delivered a successful series of public lectures at the University of Edinburgh, leading him to collaborate with David Hume during the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith obtained a professorship at Glasgow, teaching moral philosophy and during this time, wrote and published The Theory of Moral Sentiments. In his later life, he took a tutoring position that allowed him to travel throughout Europe, where he met other intellectual leaders of his day.\nSmith laid the foundations of classical free market economic theory. The Wealth of Nations was a precursor to the modern academic discipline of economics. In this and other works, he developed the concept of division of labour and expounded upon how rational self-interest and competition can lead to economic prosperity. Smith was controversial in his own day and his general approach and writing style were often satirised by writers such as Horace Walpole.", "Q7735661": "Between 1965 and 1970, The Gambia was an independent sovereign state that shared its head of state with the United Kingdom and other states headed by Queen Elizabeth II. It was a predecessor to the modern-day republic of The Gambia.\nGambia was given independence from Britain in 1965 under the Gambia Independence Act 1964, which unified the British Crown Colony and Protectorate of the Gambia into an independent sovereign state. The British monarch, Elizabeth II, remained head of state of the Gambia, which shared its Sovereign with other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of the Gambia. Governors-general who held office in the Gambia were:\n\nJohn Warburton Paul (18 February 1965 \u2013 9 February 1966)\nFarimang Mamadi Singateh ( 9 February 1966 \u2013 24 April 1970)After two referenda on the issue, the monarchy was abolished on 24 April 1970, when the Gambia became a republic within the Commonwealth. The first referendum in 1965, with 65.85% in favour and 34.15 against, failed to reach the two-thirds majority needed to pass. The second in 1970 with 70.45% percent of the Gambian people voting in favour of a republic and 29.55% against, was successful. The Gambia adopted a new constitution in 1970 which abolished the monarchy. Dawda Jawara, the prime minister (and head of government) from 1965, became the first President of the Gambia.\nQueen Elizabeth II did not visit the Gambia between 1965 and 1970. She visited in 1961 (3\u20135 December).", "Q288922": "Albino Farm is a 2009 horror film written and directed by Joe Anderson and Sean McEwen. It stars Chris Jericho, Richard Christy, Tammin Sursok, and Alex Neustaedter.\n\n", "Q3770812": "Giuseppe Levi (October 14, 1872 \u2013 February 3, 1965) was an Italian anatomist and histologist, professor of human anatomy (since 1916) at the universities of Sassari, Palermo and Turin. He was born on October 14, 1872 in Trieste to Jewish parents, Michele Levi and Emma Perugia. He was married to Lidia Tanzi and had five children: Gino, Mario, Alberto, Paola (who became the wife of Adriano Olivetti), and writer Natalia Ginzburg (wife of Leone Ginzburg and mother of Carlo Ginzburg), who described her father's personality in the successful Italian book Lessico famigliare (1963).\nLevi was a pioneer of in vitro studies of cultured cells. He contributed to the study of the nervous system, especially on the plasticity of sensory ganglion cells.While in Turin, he tutored three students who later won the Nobel prize: Salvador Luria, Renato Dulbecco and Rita Levi-Montalcini.He was admitted as a national member of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in 1926. In 1931 he subscribed to the oath of allegiance to the Fascist regime imposed to University professors. \n\n", "Q552911": "Sean Llewellyn Williams (born in Whyalla, South Australia on 23 May 1967) is a New York Times best selling science fiction author who lives in Adelaide, South Australia. He is the author of over eighty published short stories and thirty-nine novels, including Twinmaker and (with Garth Nix) the Troubletwisters series. He has co-written three books in the Star Wars: New Jedi Order series and is a multiple recipient of both the Ditmar and Aurealis Awards. His novelisation of Star Wars: The Force Unleashed was the first novelisation of a computer game to debut at #1 on the \"New York Times\" bestseller list.\nHe studied sciences and music at Pulteney Grammar School and matriculated third in his year (1984), topping the state for Musical composition. That same year, he won the Young Composer's Award for a theme and three variations for string quartet with flute, oboe and trumpet soloists called \"Release of Anger\". He then went to Adelaide University and studied a Bachelor of Economics and wrote for the student newspaper On Dit. He completed a Master of Arts in Creative Writing at Adelaide University in 2005 and was in 2010 a PhD candidate at the same institution.Sean Williams was Chair of the SA Writers' Centre from 2001-2003, and is one of only three lifetime members of that institution. His publishers include HarperCollins Australia, HarperTeen, Allen & Unwin, Egmont UK, Del Rey, Ace, Pyr, Swift and Ticonderoga Publications. Williams has also tutored for the Clarion South Workshop, was a previous winner of the Writers of the Future contest, and is now a Judge for the same.", "Q1634183": "Hugh Alfred Butler (February 28, 1878 \u2013 July 1, 1954) was a Nebraska Republican politician.\nHugh Butler was born on a farm near Missouri Valley, Iowa on February 28, 1878. He graduated from Doane College at Crete, Nebraska in 1900, where, in 1897, he founded the Alpha Omega Fraternity. Butler toiled as a construction engineer with the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad from 1900 to 1908. He entered politics as a member of the city board of Curtis, Nebraska from 1908 to 1913 and as a member of the board of education of Omaha, Nebraska. Meanwhile, from 1908 to 1940, Butler worked in flour-milling and in the grain business. \nHugh Butler became a member of the Republican National Committee in 1936 and served until 1940 when he was elected to the United States Senate. He was reelected twice, in 1946 and 1952. Butler served as the chairman of the Committee on Public Lands in the Eightieth United States Congress (1947 to 1949) and as the chairman of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs in the Eighty-third United States Congress. A steadfast opponent of statehood for the Alaska Territory during most of his career in the Senate, he changed his mind during the last few months of his life. Butler died in office on the night of July 1, 1954, following a stroke that had occurred earlier in the day.\nButler, along with his colleague Senator Kenneth Wherry, is best known for his intense opposition to international activities by the government, including entry into World War II the Cold War, and Korea. He reflected the isolationism of the large German-American element in Nebraska. He vigorously opposed any loans or aid to Europe, including the Marshall Plan. He did not believe that the Soviet Union threatened Nebraska's interest, and he strongly opposed the Truman Doctrine, and NATO. Whatever the issue, he could be counted on as a strong opponent of the Presidency of Harry Truman. Robert B. Crosby, governor of Nebraska at the time of Butler's death, appointed Samuel Williams Reynolds to fill his seat.", "Q1040459": "Hiromi Sato (\u4f50\u85e4 \u3072\u308d\u7f8e, Sat\u014d Hiromi, born December 10, 1970) is a female Japanese singer and songwriter from Iwate Prefecture. She has performed for songs for games and anime, such as Mizuiro, Please Twins!, Green Green, and the Galaxy Angel games. She has also written songs for other artists. Prior to December 10, 2005, her name was written as \u4f50\u85e4\u88d5\u7f8e. She is affiliated with ARIA Entertainment and their composing group Elements Garden. She runs the company S Inc.", "Q232514": "Belinda Peregr\u00edn Sch\u00fcll (born August 15, 1989), commonly known as Belinda, is a Mexican singer, songwriter and actress. She has lived in Mexico City, Mexico since a young age. She currently serves as coach of La Voz.\nIn 2000, she started her career as a child actor at the age of 10 when she was cast as the lead role in the Mexican children's telenovela Amigos x siempre. She later appeared in Aventuras en el tiempo (2001) and C\u00f3mplices Al Rescate (2002).Her self-titled debut studio album Belinda (2003), was a commercial success, selling over 1,1 million copies worldwide. The album spawned many successful singles, including her debut hit single \"Lo Siento\" and \"Vivir\", the main theme of the 2004 telenovela Corazones al l\u00edmite. Following her departure from Sony BMG and management in 2005, Belinda's second album Utop\u00eda (2006) earned her two Latin Grammy Awards nominations and was certified platinum in Mexico. It contained the top-ten singles \"Ni Freud ni tu mam\u00e1\", \"Bella Traici\u00f3n\" and \"Luz Sin Gravedad\".Belinda has also appeared in motion pictures, including the Disney Channel Original Movie The Cheetah Girls 2 (2006), and has dubbed voice roles for The Tale of Despereaux (2008) and Las aventuras de Tadeo Jones (2012). Her return to Mexican telenovelas in Camaleones (2009) and the TV series Mujeres asesinas 3 (2010), inspired her subsequent third album Carpe Diem (2010), which spawned the hit single \"Ego\u00edsta\". Her fourth album Catarsis (2013), debuted at number-one in her native Mexico, and was preceded by the hit singles \"En El Amor Hay Que Perdonar\" and \"En La Obscuridad\". In 2017, Belinda was an extra on the film Baywatch, starring Dwayne Johnson and Zac Efron.Together, her four studio albums, singles and soundtracks has sold over 3 million copies making her the third best-selling female Mexican act. The international press have named her the \"Princess of Latin Pop\".As 2020, she is one of the coaches of the Mexican singing competition show, La Voz on TV Azteca after being acquired from Televisa after 7 seasons.", "Q340196": "Bobby Rydell (born Robert Louis Ridarelli; April 26, 1942) is an American singer, mainly of rock and roll music. In the early 1960s, he was considered a teen idol. His most well known songs include \"Wild One\" and \"Volare\" (cover), and he appeared in the movie Bye Bye Birdie in 1963.", "Q74517": "Thomas Birdsall Jackson (March 24, 1797 \u2013 April 23, 1881) was a U.S. Representative from New York.\nBorn in Jerusalem, Long Island, New York, Jackson attended the public schools. He engaged in agricultural pursuits. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar and practiced in Jerusalem, Hempstead, and Newtown, New York. Thomas married Marie Coles and had three known children: Samuel, Andrew and William. Thomas descends from the prominent Jackson family of Hempstead, New York.\nJackson was elected county judge in 1832. He served as member of the State assembly 1833\u20131835. He moved to Newtown, Long Island, New York, in 1835. He served as a Justice of the Peace. Jackson was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1837 \u2013 March 3, 1841). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1840. He resumed agricultural pursuits. He died in Newtown (now Elmhurst Station), Flushing, Long Island, New York, April 23, 1881. He was interred in Flushing Cemetery.\n\n", "Q32542": "The Magnetic Fields (named after the Andr\u00e9 Breton/Philippe Soupault novel Les Champs Magn\u00e9tiques) are an American band founded and led by Stephin Merritt. Merritt is the group's primary songwriter, producer, and vocalist, as well as frequent multi-instrumentalist. The Magnetic Fields is essentially a vehicle for Merritt's songwriting, as are various side-projects including The 6ths, Future Bible Heroes, and The Gothic Archies. Merritt's recognizable lyrics are often about love and with atypical or neutral gender roles, and are by turns ironic, tongue-in-cheek, bitter, and humorous.\nThe band released their debut single \"100,000 Fireflies\" in 1991. The single was typical of the band's earlier career, characterized by synthesized instrumentation by Merritt, with lead vocals provided by Susan Anway (and then by Stephin Merritt himself from The House of Tomorrow (EP) onwards). A more traditional band later materialized; it is now composed of Merritt, Claudia Gonson, Sam Davol, and John Woo, with occasional guest vocals by Shirley Simms. The band's best-known work is the 1999 three-volume concept album 69 Love Songs. It was followed in the succeeding years by a \"no-synth\" trilogy: i (2004), Distortion (2008), and Realism (2010). The band's most recent album, 50 Song Memoir, was released in March 2017.", "Q176488": "Halloween: Resurrection (also known as Halloween 8: Resurrection) is a 2002 American horror film directed by Rick Rosenthal, who had also directed Halloween II in 1981. Larry Brand and Sean Hood devised the screenplay. The film stars Busta Rhymes, Bianca Kajlich, Thomas Ian Nicholas, Ryan Merriman, Sean Patrick Thomas, Tyra Banks and Jamie Lee Curtis. The eighth installment in the Halloween franchise and the final installment in the original series, it follows Michael Myers continuing his murderous rampage in his hometown of Haddonfield, when his old, derelict childhood home is used for a live internet horror show.\nHalloween: Resurrection was released on July 12, 2002 to largely negative reviews, with many considering it to be an unnecessary sequel to Halloween H20: 20 Years Later. Despite the film's negative reception, Resurrection was a minor box office success, earning $37.6 million. Although another sequel was planned to follow Resurrection, the next film in the franchise would be Halloween, a 2007 remake directed by Rob Zombie. In 2018, a new Halloween film was released that served as a direct-sequel to the original 1978 film, effectively retconning all other Halloween sequels, including this film.", "Q606446": "Lady Chatterley is a 1993 BBC television serial starring Sean Bean and Joely Richardson. It is an adaptation of D. H. Lawrence's novel Lady Chatterley's Lover, first broadcast on BBC1 in four 55-minute episodes between 6 and 27 June 1993. A young woman's husband returns wounded after the First World War. Facing a life with a husband now incapable of sexual activity she begins an affair with the groundskeeper. The film reflect's Lawrence's focus not only on casting away sexual taboos but also the examination of the class system prevalent in early 20th century Britain.", "Q182509": "Johan Rudolph Thorbecke (14 January 1798 \u2013 4 June 1872) was a Dutch statesman of a liberal bent, one of the most important Dutch politicians of the 19th century. In 1848, he virtually single-handedly drafted the revision of the Constitution of the Netherlands, giving less power to the king and more to the States General, and guaranteeing more religious, personal and political freedom to the people.", "Q329646": "The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a worldwide mainline Protestant denomination based in the United States, and a major part of Methodism. In the 19th century, its main predecessor, the Methodist Episcopal Church, was a leader in evangelicalism. The present denomination was founded in 1968 in Dallas, Texas, by union of the Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church. The UMC traces its roots back to the revival movement of John and Charles Wesley in England, as well as the Great Awakening in the United States. As such, the church's theological orientation is decidedly Wesleyan. It embraces liturgical, holiness, and evangelical elements.The United Methodist Church has a connectional polity, a typical feature of a number of Methodist denominations. It is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference and is the only organization which may speak officially for the UMC. The church is a member of the World Council of Churches, the World Methodist Council, and other religious associations.\nWith at least 12 million members as of 2014, the UMC is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement of approximately 80 million people across the world. In the United States, the UMC ranks as the largest mainline Protestant denomination, the largest Protestant church after the Southern Baptist Convention, and the third largest Christian denomination. In 2014, its worldwide membership was distributed as 7 million in the United States, and 4.4 million in Africa, Asia and Europe. In 2015, Pew Research estimated that 3.6 percent of the US population, or 9 million adult adherents, self-identify with the United Methodist Church, revealing a much larger number of adherents than registered membership.On January 3, 2020, some denominational leaders along with various advocacy groups submitted a plan called, \u201cProtocol of Reconciliation and Grace through Separation,\u201d to split the church over what it described as \"fundamental differences\" over issues pertaining to sexual orientation and gender identity, particularly same-sex marriage. The \u201cProtocol of Reconciliation and Grace through Separation\u201d plan would create a \"traditionalist Methodist\" denomination, with the existing church moving to more acceptance of non-heterosexual and gender-nonconforming identities. The church's General Conference is expected to vote on the plan in May 2020.\n\n", "Q326575": "Kim Hyung-soo (Korean: \uae40\ud615\uc218, born December 30, 1981), better known by his stage name K.Will (Korean: \ucf00\uc774\uc70c), is a South Korean singer. He debuted in 2007 and has since become known for his chart-topping ballads. He has also been dubbed the \"Prince of OST\" for his frequent Korean drama soundtrack appearances.K.Will has released four full-length albums: Left Heart (2007), Missing You (2009), The Third Album (2012\u20132013), and The Fourth Album (2017\u20132018).", "Q1741508": "Roger Joseph McGough CBE, FRSL (; born 9 November 1937) is an English poet, performance poet, broadcaster, children's author and playwright. He presents the BBC Radio 4 programme Poetry Please, as well as performing his own poetry. McGough was one of the leading members of the Liverpool poets, a group of young poets influenced by Beat poetry and the popular music and culture of 1960s Liverpool. He is an honorary fellow of Liverpool John Moores University, fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and President of the Poetry Society.", "Q4887818": "Bengt-\u00c5ke Knud Madsen (born 5 October 1942) is a Swedish former football chairman for the Swedish club Malm\u00f6 FF, a post he held between 1999 and 2009. Madsen is most renowned for leading the club from their first relegation in 65 years in 1999 to their first Swedish championship in 16 years in 2004. He also had a prominent role in Malm\u00f6 FF moving from Malm\u00f6 Stadion to Stadion. Madsen is also famous for being a controversial figure in the sport such as an incident in 2002 when Madsen verbally criticized referee Anders Frisk in half-time in an Allsvenskan match between Malm\u00f6 FF and Hammarby IF.\n\n", "Q3486682": "Slim Chiboub is a Tunisian businessman. He is married to Dorsaf Ben Ali, the oldest daughter of former Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and his first wife, Na\u00efma Kefi. He claims he has not seen Ben Ali since the latter married Le\u00efla Ben Ali.", "Q151751": "Lady Chatterley is a 2006 French drama film by Pascale Ferran. The film is an adaptation of the novel John Thomas and Lady Jane, an earlier version of Lady Chatterley's Lover, by D. H. Lawrence. It was released in France on 1 November 2006, followed by limited release in the U.S. on 22 June 2007 and in the UK on 24 August 2007.The film won the 2007 C\u00e9sar Award for Best Film and stars Jean-Louis Coulloc'h and Marina Hands.", "Q319785": "Guszt\u00e1v Gratz (30 March 1875 in G\u00f6lnicb\u00e1nya \u2013 21 November 1946 in Budapest) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1921. He was a correspondent member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Gratz published in the Huszadik Sz\u00e1zad and the T\u00e1rsadalomtudom\u00e1nyi T\u00e1rsas\u00e1g newspapers. He was a representative in the National Assembly from 1906. He also served as managing director of the National Association of Manufacturers (GYOSZ). In 1917 he was appointed Minister of Finance in M\u00f3ric Esterh\u00e1zy's cabinet. He took part in the peace negotiations' economical parts during the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and Treaty of Bucharest.\nFrom 22 November 1919 he was the Hungarian ambassador to Austria. After he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs until Charles I of Austria's attempts to retake the throne of Hungary. As legitimist politician Gratz participated in the planning of the second coup. That's why he was imprisoned for a short time. Gratz pursued a journalism, historian's and economic activity then.\n\n", "Q274227": "\u00c9douard Baer (born 1 December 1966) is a French actor, director, screenwriter, film producer and radio personality.", "Q600751": "A prosecutor is a legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the common law adversarial system, or the civil law inquisitorial system. The prosecution is the legal party responsible for presenting the case in a criminal trial against an individual accused of breaking the law. Typically, the prosecutor represents the government in the case brought against the accused person.", "Q3365030": "Carl Fredrik Bengt Lagercrantz (12 March 1887 \u2013 22 July 1924) was a Swedish sport shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal in the team running deer, double shots competition. He also placed fourth in the team running deer, single shots event.", "Q468455": "Death by burning is an execution method involving combustion or exposure to extreme heat. It has a long history as a form of capital punishment, and many societies have employed it for criminal activities such as treason, heresy and witchcraft. The best known execution of this type is burning at the stake where the condemned is bound to a large wooden stake and a fire lit beneath them.", "Q346281": "Chuck E. Weiss is an American songwriter and vocalist. A fixture on the Los Angeles scene, Weiss is known for an eclectic mix of blues, beat poetry, and rock and roll. His music includes strains of every rhythmic style from nursery rhymes to zydeco.", "Q376342": "\u00c9tienne Marin M\u00e9lingue (1807\u20131875) was a French actor, sculptor and painter.\nHe was born in Caen, the son of a volunteer of 1792, He early went to Paris and obtained work as a sculptor on the church of the Madeleine, but his passion for the stage soon led him to join a strolling company of comedians. Finally chance gave him an opportunity to show his talents, and at the Porte Saint Martin he became the popular interpreter of romantic drama of the type popularized by Alexandre Dumas, p\u00e8re.One of his greatest successes was as Benvenuto Cellini, in which he displayed his ability both as an actor and as a sculptor, really modelling before the eyes of the audience a statue of Hebe. He sent a number of statuettes to the various exhibitions, notably one of Gilbert Louis Duprez as William Tell. M\u00e9lingue's wife, Th\u00e9odorine Thiesset (1813\u20131886), was the actress selected by Victor Hugo to create the part of Guanhumara in Burgraves at the Com\u00e9die-Fran\u00e7aise, where she remained ten years. He created the part of D'Artagnan in The Youth of The Musketeers and The Musketeer (a dramatization of 20 Years After by Dumas) and also the part of Lagardere in Feval and Anciet-Bourgeois's Hunchback.", "Q502698": "The Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community (German: Bundesministerium des Innern, f\u00fcr Bau und Heimat; Heimat also translates to \"homeland\"), abbreviated BMI, is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Its main office is in Berlin, with a secondary seat in Bonn. The current minister of the Interior, Building and Community is Horst Seehofer. \nIt is comparable to the British Home Office or a combination of the US Department of Homeland Security and the US Department of Justice, because both manage several law enforcement agencies.\nThe BMI is tasked with the internal security of Germany.\nTo fulfill this responsibility it maintains, among other agencies, the two biggest federal law enforcement agencies in Germany, the Federal Police and the Federal Criminal Police Office. It is also responsible for the federal domestic intelligence agency, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution.", "Q106609": "Wilhelm von Opel (15 May 1871 \u2013 2 May 1948), known as Wilhelm Opel before being ennobled in 1917, was one of the founders of the German automobile manufacturer Opel. He introduced the assembly line to the German automobile industry.\nHis father, Adam Opel, had founded the family firm as a manufacturer of sewing machines, and later diversified into bicycle manufacturing. Wilhelm studied engineering at Technische Hochschule Darmstadt and received his doctorate in 1912 from the university. After Adam's death in 1895, control of the company passed to his wife and five sons. In 1898, Wilhelm and his brother Fritz brought Opel into the automobile industry with the purchase of the small Lutzmann automobile factory at Dessau.\nIn 1917, Wilhelm and his brother Heinrich Opel were raised to the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Their brother Carl was raised to the same rank the following year. Wilhelm had one son and one daughter, Fritz von Opel and Eleonore von Opel.\n1933, Opel joined the Nazi Party and soon became an active supporter of it, making financial contributions to the SS and being awarded the title of Patron.\nIn January 1947, he was found guilty by a denazification court and had to pay a large fine. He died the following year.\nOpel is the grandfather of Rikky von Opel and Gunter Sachs.", "Q460009": "Grigor Artsruni (also spelled as Krikor Ardzruni) (Armenian: \u0533\u0580\u056b\u0563\u0578\u0580 \u0531\u0580\u056e\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0576\u056b; 27 February 1845 \u2013 19 December 1892) was an Armenian journalist, critic, writer and public activist, Doctor of Political Economy and Philosophy (degreed by Heidelberg University in 1869). Since 1872 he had been publishing the Mshak magazine being its editor and manager until his death.\nHe studied at Moscow and Saint-Petersburg universities, studied Armenian at Mekhitarists centers in Europe (Vienna and San Lazzaro, Venice). In 1872 he established and edited Mshak (\u0544\u0577\u0561\u056f/Cultivator), the basis of Armenian liberalism. He had been its editor and manager until his death. Artsruni marked the necessity of development of capitalism in Armenia, supported the idea of armed resistance as a solution for the Armenian question. Artsruni was a mentor to the Armenian writer Raffi (1835\u20131888).", "Q81788": "Giza (; sometimes spelled Gizah or Jizah; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629\u200e al-J\u012bzah, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [el \u02c8gi\u02d0ze]) is the third-largest city in Egypt and the capital of the Giza Governorate. It is located on the west bank of the Nile, 4.9 km (3 mi) southwest of central Cairo, and forms a part of the Greater Cairo metropolis.\nGiza lies less than 20 km (12.43 mi) north of Memphis (Men-nefer), which was the capital city of the first unified Egyptian state from the days of the first pharaoh, Narmer.\nGiza is most famous as the location of the Giza Plateau: the site of some of the most impressive ancient monuments in the world, including a complex of ancient Egyptian royal mortuary and sacred structures, including the Great Sphinx, the Great Pyramid of Giza, and a number of other large pyramids and temples. Giza has always been a focal point in Egypt's history due to its location close to Memphis, the ancient pharaonic capital of the Old Kingdom. Its St. George Cathedral is the episcopal see of the Coptic Catholic Eparchy of Giza.", "Q667912": "Russ Conway, DSM (born Trevor Herbert Stanford, 2 September 1925 \u2013 16 November 2000) was an English popular music pianist. Conway had 20 piano instrumentals in the UK Singles Chart between 1957 and 1963, including two number one hits.", "Q3874": "Giessen, spelled Gie\u00dfen in German (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261i\u02d0sn\u0329] (listen)), is a town in the German federal state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 86,000, with roughly 44,000 university students.\nThe name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams. The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly 50 kilometres (31 miles) north of Frankfurt am Main.\nIn 1969, the town hosted the ninth Hessentag state festival.", "Q362337": "Hu\u1ef3nh C\u00f4ng \u00dat, known professionally as Nick Ut (born March 29, 1951) is a Vietnamese American photographer for the Associated Press (AP) who works out of Los Angeles. He won both the 1973 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography and the 1973 World Press Photo of the Year for \"The Terror of War\", depicting children in flight from a napalm bombing during the Vietnam War. His best-known photo, it features a naked 9-year-old girl, Phan Th\u1ecb Kim Ph\u00fac, running toward the camera from a South Vietnamese napalm strike that mistakenly hit Tr\u1ea3ng B\u00e0ng village instead of nearby North Vietnamese troops. On the 40th anniversary of that Pulitzer Prize-winning photo in September 2012, Ut became the third person inducted by the Leica Hall of Fame for his contributions to photojournalism. On March 29, 2017, he retired from AP.", "Q59485": "Otto Gerhard Waalkes (born 22 July 1948) is an East Frisian comedian and actor. He became famous in the 1970s and 1980s in Germany with his shows, books and movies. His perhaps most famous trademark are the 'Ottifanten' ('Ottiphants'), elephant-like comic characters of his own design. They featured on the cover of his first album release.He shares a close friendship with tennis player Steffi Graf, who also makes an appearance (as herself) in the movie Otto \u2013 Der Au\u00dferfriesische. He has one child (\"Benjamin Karl Otto Grigori Waalkes\") with his first wife Manuela Ebelt, and was later married to actress Eva Hassmann until November 2011, who co-starred with him in Otto \u2013 Der Katastrofenfilm.\nHe also works as a voice actor, providing, among others, the German voices of Mushu in Disney's Mulan movies, Sid the Sloth in the Ice Age franchise, and The Grinch in The Grinch\n\n", "Q230465": "Kiele Michelle Sanchez ( KEE-lee; born October 13, 1977) is an American actress who starred in the A&E Network drama The Glades. Previously, she had starred as Anne Sorelli in The WB comedy-drama Related and as Nikki Fernandez on the main cast in the third season of the ABC television drama series Lost. She also starred in the DirecTV drama series Kingdom on the Audience Network.", "Q69546": "Le Lieu is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the Vall\u00e9e de Joux.", "Q71309": "Walter Ernsting (13 June 1920, Koblenz \u2013 15 January 2005, Salzburg, Austria) was a German science fiction and fantasy author who mainly published under the pseudonym Clark Darlton. He grew up in Koblenz and was drafted into the German Wehrmacht shortly after the beginning of World War II. He served in an intelligence unit in Norway and on the Eastern Front where he was captured and spent several years as a prisoner of war in Siberia.\nAfter returning to Germany, Ernsting started to work as a translator for the British authorities in 1952 and came into contact with Anglo-American science fiction magazines. Intrigued with this literary genre, he started working on some science fiction novels of his own, but Germany's cultural climate was apparently not ready for native science fiction authors. Ernsting finally managed to get some of his novels published by inventing a fictitious British author, Clark Darlton, and selling his own works as translations of Darlton's works. His first novel, Ufo am Nachthimmel, was published in 1955 as issue 19 of Utopia Gro\u00dfband.\nErnsting published several novels under the Darlton pseudonym and on August 4, 1955, together with other science fiction authors, founded the Science Fiction Club Deutschland (SFCD). Until the end of the 1960s, Ernsting worked as an editor for the club's magazine, Andromeda, and became an important figure in German science fiction fandom.\nOver the course of his lifetime, Ernsting wrote more than 300 science fiction novels. Asteroid 15265, discovered in 1990, was named after Ernsting in 2003.", "Q229134": "Christine Jane Baranski (born May 2, 1952) is an American actress, singer, and producer. She is a 15-time Emmy Award nominee, winning once in 1995 for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her role as Maryann Thorpe in the sitcom Cybill (1995\u201398). Baranski has received further critical acclaim for her performance as Diane Lockhart in the legal drama series The Good Wife (2009\u20132016) and its spinoff series The Good Fight (2017\u2013present), as well as her recurring role as Dr. Beverly Hofstadter in the sitcom The Big Bang Theory (2009\u20132019) for which she received four Emmy nominations. She is also known for her roles in numerous successful TV films, such as her portrayal of Kate in To Dance with the White Dog (1993), Prunella Stickler in Eloise at the Plaza, and Eloise at Christmastime (both 2003), and Amanda in Who Is Simon Miller? (2011).\nBaranski won two Tony Awards for Best Featured Actress in a Play for the original Broadway productions of The Real Thing in 1984 and Rumors in 1989. Her other major Broadway credits include Hide and Seek (1980), Hurlyburly (1984), The House of Blue Leaves (1986), Nick & Nora (1991), and Boeing Boeing (2008). Baranski has starred in numerous films, including 9\u00bd Weeks (1986), Legal Eagles (1986), Reversal of Fortune (1990), Addams Family Values (1993), Jeffrey (1995), The Birdcage (1996), Bulworth (1998), Cruel Intentions (1999), Bowfinger (1999), Dr. Seuss's How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000), Chicago (2002), Mamma Mia! (2008), The Bounty Hunter (2010), Into the Woods (2014), A Bad Moms Christmas (2017), and Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (2018).", "Q70017": "Susc\u00e9vaz is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q2712366": "Stephen Harriman Long (December 30, 1784 \u2013 September 4, 1864) was a U.S. army explorer, topographical engineer, and railway engineer. As an inventor, he is noted for his developments in the design of steam locomotives. He was also one of the most prolific explorers of the early 1800s, although his career as an explorer was relatively short-lived. He covered over 26,000 miles in five expeditions, including a scientific expedition in the Great Plains area, which he famously confirmed as a \"Great Desert\" (leading to the term \"the Great American Desert\").\n\n", "Q1346090": "Enzo D'Al\u00f2 (born 7 September 1953) is an Italian animator and director.", "Q1101377": "Clifton Chenier (June 25, 1925 \u2013 December 12, 1987), a Louisiana French-speaking native of Opelousas, Louisiana, was an eminent performer and recording artist of Zydeco, which arose from Cajun and Creole music, with R&B, jazz, and blues influences. He played the accordion and won a Grammy Award in 1983. He was a recipient of a 1984 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts. He was inducted posthumously into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1989, and the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame in 2011. In 2014, he was a recipient of the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.He was known as the King of Zydeco, and also billed as the King of the South.\n\n", "Q942147": "Mikl\u00f3s Per\u00e9nyi (born 5 January 1948) is a Hungarian cellist. He was born in Budapest into a musical family and studied at the Ferenc Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest with Ede Banda and Enrico Mainardi. He continued his studies at the Accademia Santa Cecilia, graduating in 1962. In 1963 he won a prize at the Pablo Casals International Violoncello Competition in Budapest.In 1965 and 1966 he studied with Pablo Casals in Zermatt and Puerto Rico and afterward performed at Marlboro Festival for four consecutive years. In 1974 he became a lecturer and in 1980 a professor at the Ferenc Liszt Academy of Music, but while teaching continued to perform internationally. He has been a regular guest of the Theatre de la Ville in Paris for solo works and chamber music performances.\n\n", "Q876590": "Julius Leopold Korngold (December 24, 1860 \u2013 September 25, 1945) was a noted music critic. He was regarded as the top critic in Vienna in the early twentieth century, when that city was viewed as the centre of classical music. He is most notable for championing the works of Gustav Mahler at a time when many did not think much of him. He was the father of composer Erich Wolfgang Korngold. He co-wrote the libretto of the opera Die tote Stadt with his son (under the collective pseudonym Paul Schott).", "Q807369": "Barbara Brecht-Schall (28 October 1930 \u2013 31 August 2015) was a German actress. \nBorn Barbara Marie Brecht in Berlin to Bertolt Brecht and Helene Weigel, she had three siblings, a full brother Stefan, a half\u2013brother Frank Banholzer and a half\u2013sister Hanne Hiob. \nStarting in 1933, her family moved around Europe to avoid the Nazis. They eventually arrived in Los Angeles, but left America in 1947 shortly after Bertolt Brecht testified in front of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Her father established the Berliner Ensemble in 1949, a theatre company in which she also acted. Brecht later married Ekkehard Schall, with whom she had two daughters, Johanna Schall and Jenny Schall-Dizdari.Barbara Brecht-Schall died in Berlin on 31 August 2015, aged 84.", "Q1970482": "Phillip Hagar Smith (April 29, 1905; Lexington, Massachusetts \u2013 August 29, 1987; Berkeley Heights, New Jersey) was an electrical engineer, who became famous for his invention of the Smith chart. Smith graduated from Tufts College in 1928 with a BS degree in electrical engineering. While working for Bell Telephone Laboratories, he invented his eponymous Smith chart.When asked why he invented the chart, Smith explained, \"From the time I could operate a slide rule, I've been interested in graphical representations of mathematical relationships.\" In 1969 he published the book Electronic Applications of the Smith Chart: In Waveguide, Circuit, and Component Analysis, a comprehensive work on the subject. He retired from Bell Labs in 1970. He was elected a fellow of the IRE in 1952.", "Q1460218": "Luc Marie Bernard Oursel, (7 September 1959 \u2013 3 December 2014), was the former chairman of the board of the nuclear company Areva and member of its Executive Committee. He resigned on 20 October 2014 for health reasons. Until June 2013, he was the President of the French Nuclear Energy Corporation. In 2010, he was made a Knight Commander of the French Legion of Honour", "Q3194717": "Keita Got\u014d (\u4e94\u5cf6\u6176\u592a, Got\u014d Keita, 18 April 1882 \u2013 14 August 1959) was a Japanese businessman who built the Tokyu Group into one of the leading corporate groups in Japan.", "Q1417084": "Harold Charles Gatty (5 January 1903 \u2013 30 August 1957) was an Australian navigator and aviation pioneer. Charles Lindbergh called Gatty the \"Prince of Navigators\". In 1931, Gatty served as navigator, along with pilot Wiley Post, on the flight which set the record for aerial circumnavigation of the world, flying a distance of 15,747 miles (24,903 km) in a Lockheed Vega named the Winnie Mae, in 8 days, 15 hours and 51 minutes.", "Q93398": "Cuthbert Powell (March 4, 1775 \u2013 May 8, 1849) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia, and the son of Leven Powell.", "Q114219": "Amir Muhammad (born 5 December 1972) is a Malaysian writer and independent filmmaker.\n\n", "Q472419": "Leopoldo Trieste (3 May 1917, in Reggio Calabria \u2013 25 January 2003, in Rome) was an Italian actor, film director and script writer.\nTrieste was born in Reggio Calabria. He worked with directors such as Pietro Germi, Francis Ford Coppola, Giuseppe Tornatore, Mario Bava, Tinto Brass, Charles Vidor, Ren\u00e9 Cl\u00e9ment and Federico Fellini.\nTrieste died of a heart attack.", "Q1320301": "Richard Bell (March 5, 1946 \u2013 June 15, 2007) was a Canadian musician best known as the pianist for Janis Joplin and her Full Tilt Boogie Band. He was also a keyboardist with the Band during the 1990s.", "Q95931": "Otto Rippert (22 October 1869 \u2013 15 January 1940) was a German film director during the silent film era.", "Q239333": "The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Dutch: Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie, VVD; Dutch pronunciation: [v\u0254l(\u0259)ksp\u0251rt\u025bi vo\u02d0r vr\u025bi\u0266\u025bit \u025bn de\u02d0mo\u02d0kra\u02d0\u02c8tsi]) is a conservative-liberal political party in the Netherlands.\nThe VVD, whose forerunner was the Freedom Party, supports private enterprise and economic liberalism.Mark Rutte has been the party's leader since 31 May 2006 and on 14 October 2010 became Prime Minister of the Netherlands, marking the first time that the VVD led a government. The First Rutte cabinet's parliamentary majority was provided by the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and the Party for Freedom, but this majority became unstable when the latter refused to support austerity measures amid the European debt crisis. Therefore, a general election was held in September 2012. The VVD remained the largest party, with 41 seats. From November 2012 until March 2017, the VVD was the senior partner in the Second Rutte cabinet, a \"purple\" coalition government with the Labour Party. VVD remained the largest party in the March 2017 election (though was reduced to 33 seats); therefore, Rutte was expected to remain as Prime Minister. However, continuing the existing coalition was impossible, as the Labour Party had lost 29 seats, therefore a centre-right coalition was negotiated with the Democrats 66, Christian Union and CDA, which became the Third Rutte Cabinet.", "Q325068": "Thomas Stevenson PRSE MInstCE FRSSA FSAScot (22 July 1818 \u2013 8 May 1887) was a pioneering Scottish lighthouse designer and meteorologist, who designed over thirty lighthouses in and around Scotland, as well as the Stevenson screen used in meteorology. His designs, celebrated as ground breaking, ushered in a new era of lighthouse creation.\nHe served as president of the Royal Scottish Society of Arts (1859\u201360), as president of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1884-86), and was a co-founder of the Scottish Meteorological Society.", "Q270055": "7 Year Bitch was an American punk rock band from Seattle, Washington that was active for 7 years, between 1990 and 1997. Their career yielded three albums, and was impacted by the deaths of their guitarist Stefanie Sargent and close friend Mia Zapata, of fellow Seattle punks The Gits.", "Q813308": "Mar\u00eda Beatriz Pag\u00e9s Llergo Rebollar (born 25 February 1954) is a Mexican journalist and politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. From 2006 to 2009 she served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the Federal District.\n\n", "Q235509": "Florence Nightingale Graham (December 31, 1881 \u2013 October 18, 1966), who went by the business name Elizabeth Arden, was a Canadian American businesswoman who founded what is now Elizabeth Arden, Inc., and built a cosmetics empire in the United States. By 1929, she owned 150 salons in Europe and the United States. Her 1,000 products were being sold in 22 countries. She was the sole owner, and at the peak of her career she was one of the wealthiest women in the world.", "Q108630": "Arthur Wellin (born 31 October 1880, date of death unknown) was a German film director, actor, screenwriter and producer. He directed 18 films between 1916 and 1927. He also appeared in 11 films between 1915 and 1933. He was born in Berlin, Germany.\n\n", "Q107503": "G\u00fcnter Weitling (born 1935) is a Lutheran theologian, historian, and author.\nWeitling was born in Haderslev, Haderslev County, Denmark. After graduating from Haderslev Katedralskole in 1955, he studied Theology and Eastern Studies at the Universities of Bethel/Bielefeld, Mainz, Kiel, and Copenhagen. This was followed by a study of pedagogy in Breklum and stay at the Seminary in Preetz. He then served as a Lutheran pastor from 1962 to 1963 in J\u00f6rl (a district of Schleswig-Flensburg), from 1963 to 1965 in S\u00f8nderborg, and from 1965 to 1970 at the H\u00f8jdevangskirke in Copenhagen. At the same time, he completed a clerkship at the gymnasium of T\u00e5rnby in religion, history and archaeology. In 1970 he received his doctorate from the University of Kiel. From 1970 to 1987, he worked as inspector at the Danish gymnasium in S\u00f8nderborg. 1987 until his retirement in 2000 he served as pastor of the Danish Church of Denmark. At the same time, he worked as a lecturer at the \"Institute for the History of the Church and Ecclesiastical Archaeology\" at the University of Kiel. Weitling founded the Deutsches Museum in Northern Schleswig and from 1986 to 2003 served as its Scientific Director.\nSince 1971, G\u00fcnther Weitling has written and edited a large number of books and treatises, dealing mainly with the history of the Church and the history of the German minority in Northern Schleswig. In 2000 he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesverdienstkreuz) 1st Class, Germany's highest civilian honor.", "Q461303": "The Help is a 2009 novel by American author Kathryn Stockett. The story is about African Americans working in white households in Jackson, Mississippi, during the early 1960s.\nA USA Today article called it one of the \"summer sleeper hits\". An early review in The New York Times notes Stockett's \"affection and intimacy buried beneath even the most seemingly impersonal household connections\" and says the book is a \"button-pushing, soon to be wildly popular novel\". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution said of the book: \"This heartbreaking story is a stunning d\u00e9but from a gifted talent.\"Stockett began writing the novel \u2014 her first \u2014 after the September 11th attacks. It took her five years to complete and was rejected by 60 literary agents, over a period of three years, before agent Susan Ramer agreed to represent Stockett. The Help has since been published in 35 countries and three languages. As of August 2011, it had sold seven million copies in print and audiobook editions, and spent more than 100 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list.The Help's audiobook version is narrated by Jenna Lamia, Bahni Turpin, Octavia Spencer, and Cassandra Campbell. Spencer was Stockett's original inspiration for the character of Minny, and also plays her in the film adaptation.", "Q2594811": "The Vasil Levski National Military University (Bulgarian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \"\u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\", Natsionalen voenen universitet \"Vasil Levski\") is Bulgaria's national military academy.", "Q744675": "Mike Mentzer (November 15, 1951 \u2013 June 10, 2001) was an American IFBB professional bodybuilder, businessman and author.", "Q357398": "Adi\u00f3s gringo is a 1965 Spaghetti Western directed by Giorgio Stegani. It stars Giuliano Gemma and was co produced between Italy, Spain and France. A major success in Italy, it was the 4th highest grossing picture of the year.", "Q562178": "Manuel Ricardo Palma Soriano (February 7, 1833 \u2013 October 6, 1919) was a Peruvian author, scholar, librarian and politician. His magnum opus is the Tradiciones peruanas.", "Q513781": "Frederick Zimmermann (May 18, 1906 - August 3, 1967) was an American double bassist and teacher. He played in the New York Philharmonic from 1930-1966 serving as assistant-principal and principal and taught at the Juilliard School, Mannes College of Music, Columbia University, Manhattan School of Music, and New York University. He was an influential American double bass teacher in the 20th century. In his \"A New History of the Double Bass\", Paul Brun describes Zimmermann as the \"father of bass teaching in the United States\".Zimmermann was born on May 18, 1906 in New York City. He studied the double bass with Herman Reinshagen, principal bass of the New York Philharmonic under Gustav Mahler and Arturo Toscanini. He made numerous transcriptions of music ranging from the 14th to 20th century and edited music for International. In 1966 his book, Contemporary Concept of Bowing Technique for the Double Bass was published. In addition to music, Zimmermann studied painting with George Grosz at the Art Students' League, had three showings, and often lectured on modern German painters. Zimmermann married his wife Dorothy in 1931. They had one son Edwin. Zimmermann died of a brain tumor at age 61 on August 3, 1967, while visiting Ohlstadt, Germany.\nHis students have occupied posts in virtually every major American orchestra. Some of his notable students include classical bassists Joseph Gustafeste, Orin O'Brien, Donald Palma, Robert Gladstone, David Walter, Linda McKnight, Alvin Brehm. Stuart Sankey, Frank Proto, and Lucas Drew\nwww.stfrancismusic.com/bio.htm and jazz bassists Charles Mingus, Henry Grimes, Eddie G\u00f3mez, and Red Mitchell.", "Q64076": "Ulrich-Wilhelm Graf von Schwerin von Schwanenfeld (21 December 1902 \u2013 8 September 1944) was a German landowner, officer, and resistance fighter against the Nazi r\u00e9gime. His name is commonly shortened to Schwerin.", "Q185272": "Brian Bernard Cowen (born 10 January 1960) is an Irish former politician who served as Taoiseach and Leader of Fianna F\u00e1il from 2008 to 2011.\nCowen was elected to D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann in 1984, for the constituency of Laois\u2013Offaly and served in a number of ministerial roles, including Minister for Labour from 1992 to 1993, Minister for Transport, Energy and Communications from 1993 to 1994, Minister for Health and Children from 1997 to 2000, Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2000 to 2004, Minister for Finance from 2004 to 2008 and T\u00e1naiste from 2007 to 2008.Cowen was elected Leader of Fianna F\u00e1il in May 2008, upon the resignation of Bertie Ahern, and was nominated by D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann to replace him as Taoiseach. Weeks after taking office, his administration faced the Irish financial and banking crises. He received substantial criticism for his failure to stem the tide of either crisis, ultimately culminating in the Irish Government's formal request for financial aid from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund, which was widely regarded in Ireland as a national humiliation. His leadership subsequently saw public support for Fianna F\u00e1il plunge to record lows, and Cowen set a record for the lowest approval rating in the history of Irish opinion polling, at one point reaching an approval rating of 8 percent. In January 2011, following a failed attempt at a cabinet reshuffle, and facing growing political pressure, Cowen resigned as Leader of Fianna F\u00e1il, but remained as Taoiseach until the general election held months later; Cowen stood down from politics at that election.The Sunday Times described Cowen's tenure as Taoiseach as \"a dismal failure.\" In 2011, the Irish Independent called Cowen the \"worst Taoiseach in the history of the State.\"", "Q274233": "\u00c9douard Constant Biot (French: [bjo]; July 2, 1803 \u2013 March 12, 1850) was a French engineer and Sinologist. As an engineer, he participated in the construction of the second line of French railway between Lyon and St Etienne, and as a Sinologist, published a large body of work, the result of a \"knowledge rarely combined.\"\n\n", "Q25994": "Bandits in Milan (Italian: Banditi a Milano; also known as The Violent Four) is a 1968 Italian crime film directed by Carlo Lizzani. It was listed to compete at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival, but the festival was cancelled due to the events of May 1968 in France. It is the debut film of Agostina Belli.", "Q2143400": "Serafim Urechean (born 2 February 1950 in Larga village, Briceni rayon) is a Moldovan politician. He held the position of general mayor of Chi\u0219in\u0103u municipality (1994-2005) and interim prime minister of the Republic of Moldova (5 - 17 February 1999). He was the chairman of the party Our Moldova Alliance (2003 - 2011), first deputy chairman of the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova (2009 - 2010) and president of the Court of Accounts of the Republic of Moldova (2011 - 2016).", "Q140648": "Janani Iyer is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Tamil and Malayalam movies.She was born in Kathivakkam in Chennai to a Tamil Brahmin Iyer family. She started her modelling career during her studies and appeared in over 150 television advertisements before getting signed by director Bala to essay the lead female role in the Tamil feature film Avan Ivan (2011). She has since appeared in notable films including the crime thriller Thegidi (2014) and the police drama, 7th Day (2014).", "Q356086": "David Krumholtz (born May 15, 1978) is an American actor. He played Charlie Eppes in the CBS drama series Numb3rs from 2005 to 2010. He also played Seth Goldstein in the Harold & Kumar film trilogy and Bernard the Elf in the Santa Clause film franchise.", "Q90849": "Palina Rojinski (born 21 April 1985) is a Russian-German television presenter, actress, model, and DJ. Her father is Jewish, her mother is Christian.\nFrom 2009 to 2011 she hosted MTV Home on MTV Germany, and since 2011 has hosted various music programmes on VIVA Germany. As of 2012 she models for Otto GmbH and Adidas. Since 2013 she has worked exclusively for TV Channel ProSieben. \nSince 2014 she plays in the German comedy show Was w\u00e4re wenn?", "Q1998880": "The Kastelhorn (also known as Punta del Castel) is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It lies north of the Bas\u00f2dino.", "Q431252": "Jackie Brown is a 1997 American crime film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino and starring Pam Grier in the title role. The film is an adaptation of Elmore Leonard's 1992 novel Rum Punch. It is the only feature-length film that Tarantino has adapted from a previous work. The film pays homage to 1970s blaxploitation films, particularly the films Coffy (1973) and Foxy Brown (1974), both of which also starred Grier in the title roles.\nThe film's supporting cast includes Samuel L. Jackson, Robert Forster, Bridget Fonda, Michael Keaton, and Robert De Niro. It was Tarantino's third film following Reservoir Dogs (1992) and Pulp Fiction (1994).\nGrier and Forster were both veteran actors but neither had performed a leading role in many years; this film revitalized their careers. The film garnered Forster a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and Golden Globe Award nominations for Jackson and Grier.", "Q194419": "Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson (born 18 July 1950) is a British business magnate, investor, author and philanthropist. He founded the Virgin Group in the 1970s, which controls more than 400 companies in various fields.Branson expressed his desire to become an entrepreneur at a young age. His first business venture, at the age of 16, was a magazine called Student. In 1970, he set up a mail-order record business. He opened a chain of record stores, Virgin Records\u2014later known as Virgin Megastores\u2014in 1972. Branson's Virgin brand grew rapidly during the 1980s, as he started Virgin Atlantic airline and expanded the Virgin Records music label. In 2004, he founded spaceflight corporation Virgin Galactic, based at Mojave Air and Space Port, noted for the SpaceShipTwo suborbital spaceplane designed for space tourism.\nIn March 2000, Branson was knighted at Buckingham Palace for \"services to entrepreneurship\". For his work in retail, music and transport (with interests in land, air, sea and space travel), his taste for adventure, and for his humanitarian work, he has become a prominent global figure. In 2007, he was placed in the Time 100 Most Influential People in The World list.\nIn April 2018, Forbes listed Branson's estimated net worth at US$5.1 billion.\n\n", "Q62361": "Jimi Blue Ochsenknecht (born 27 December 1991 in Munich) is a German actor and singer.", "Q24334": "Mykola Khvylovy (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0425\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 [m\u026a\u02c8k\u0254l\u0250 xw\u026al\u02b2o\u02c8w\u026aj]; December 13 [O.S. December 1] 1893 \u2013 May 13, 1933) was a Ukrainian writer and poet of the early Communist era Ukrainian Renaissance (1920\u20131930).", "Q297816": "Samuel George Davis Jr. (December 8, 1925 \u2013 May 16, 1990) was an American singer, musician, dancer, actor, vaudevillian, comedian, and activist known for his impressions of actors, musicians, and other celebrities. At age three, Davis began his career in vaudeville with his father Sammy Davis Sr. and the Will Mastin Trio, which toured nationally. After military service, he returned to the trio and became an overnight sensation following a nightclub performance at Ciro's (in West Hollywood) after the 1951 Academy Awards. With the trio, he became a recording artist. In 1954, at the age of 29, he lost his left eye in a car accident. Several years later, he converted to Judaism, finding commonalities between the oppression experienced by African-American and Jewish communities.After a starring role on Broadway in Mr Wonderful (1956), he returned to the stage in 1964's Golden Boy. Davis's film career began as a child in 1933. In 1960, he appeared in the Rat Pack film Ocean's 11. In 1966, he had his own TV variety show, titled The Sammy Davis Jr. Show. While Davis's career slowed in the late 1960s, his biggest hit, \"The Candy Man\", reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 in June 1972, and he became a star in Las Vegas, earning him the nickname \"Mister Show Business\".Davis had a complex relationship with the black community and drew criticism after publicly supporting President Richard Nixon in 1972. One day on a golf course with Jack Benny, he was asked what his handicap was. \"Handicap?\" he asked. \"Talk about handicap. I'm a one-eyed Negro who's Jewish.\" This was to become a signature comment, recounted in his autobiography and in many articles.After reuniting with Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin in 1987, Davis toured with them and Liza Minnelli internationally, before his death in 1990. He died in debt to the Internal Revenue Service, and his estate was the subject of legal battles. Davis was awarded the Spingarn Medal by the NAACP and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award for his television performances. He was the recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors in 1987, and in 2001, he was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.", "Q64710": "Niederdorf is a municipality in the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.", "Q862297": "William Henry \"Bill\" Mauldin (; October 29, 1921 \u2013 January 22, 2003) was an American editorial cartoonist who won two Pulitzer Prizes for his work. He was most famous for his World War II cartoons depicting American soldiers, as represented by the archetypal characters Willie and Joe, two weary and bedraggled infantry troopers who stoically endure the difficulties and dangers of duty in the field. His cartoons were popular with soldiers throughout Europe, and with civilians in the United States as well.", "Q476119": "Wonder Girls (Korean: \uc6d0\ub354\uac78\uc2a4) was a South Korean girl group formed by JYP Entertainment. The group debuted in February 2007 with the single \"Irony\" and five members: Yeeun, Sunye, Sunmi, Hyuna and Sohee. After Hyuna's departure in July, Yubin was added into the group prior to the release of their debut studio album, The Wonder Years (2007). The album spawned the hit single \"Tell Me\", which topped various South Korea's on and offline music charts.\nWonder Girls further established themselves as one of the top girl groups in the country with the hit singles \"So Hot\" and \"Nobody\", which were released in 2008. After being released as a single in the United States in 2009, \"Nobody\" charted at number seventy-six the chart. The group began their entry into the American market the same year as an opening act for the Jonas Brothers' World Tour, performing the English version of their songs.\nIn 2010, Sunmi left the group to pursue an academic career and was replaced by Hyerim prior to the Korean & US releases of the single \"2 Different Tears\". Their second studio album, Wonder World (2011), yielded the successful single \"Be My Baby\". In 2012, Wonder Girls released their last three singles as a quintet, notably \"Like This\", before going on a three-year long hiatus. In 2015, it was announced that Sunye and Sohee decided to leave the group while Sunmi would resume promotion with the remaining members. The four-piece adapted a band-oriented concept for their acclaimed third and final studio album, Reboot (2015), and the number one 2016 single \"Why So Lonely\".\nWonder Girls are known as \"South Korea's Retro Queens\", as their music has been noted to contain elements from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. In 2017, Billboard ranked Wonder Girls at number three on their \"Top 10 K-pop Girl Groups of the Past Decade\" list. The group officially disbanded on January 26, 2017, after unsuccessful contract renewal negotiation with some of its members. On February 10, 2017, they released their final single \"Draw Me\", which also served as a celebration of their tenth anniversary.", "Q110719": "Oskar Lafontaine (German pronunciation: [\u02c8laf\u0254nt\u025bn]; born 16 September 1943) is a German politician. He served as Minister-President of the state of Saarland from 1985 to 1998, and was federal leader of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) from 1995 to 1999. He was the lead candidate for the SPD in the 1990 German federal election, but lost by a wide margin. He served as Minister of Finance under Chancellor Gerhard Schr\u00f6der after the SPD's victory in the 1998 federal election, but resigned from both the ministry and Bundestag less than six months later, positioning himself as a popular opponent of Schr\u00f6der's policies in the tabloid press.\nIn the lead-up to the 2005 federal election, as a reaction to Schr\u00f6der's Agenda 2010 reforms, Lafontaine joined the newly-founded left-wing party Labour and Social Justice \u2013 The Electoral Alternative. Following a merger with the Party of Democratic Socialism in June 2007, he became co-chairman of The Left. He was the lead candidate for the Saarland branch of the party in the 2009 Saarland state election where it won over 20% of the vote. He announced his resignation from all federal political functions after being diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2009. He retained his position as a member of the Saarland legislature, and since May 2012 has been leader of the opposition in Saarland.\n\n", "Q1871944": "Samuel Insull (November 11, 1859 \u2013 July 16, 1938) was a British-born American business magnate. He was an innovator and investor based in Chicago who greatly contributed to creating an integrated electrical infrastructure in the United States. Insull created holding companies that purchased utilities and railroads. He was also responsible for the building of the Chicago Civic Opera House in 1929. \nIn the Great Depression, his vast Midwest holding company empire collapsed, and he was accused of profiting personally by selling worthless stock to unsuspecting investors who trusted him because of his position and reputation. Following a seven-week trial, he and 16 co-defendants were acquitted of all charges after only two hours of jury deliberation.\n\n", "Q60576": "Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder (13 July 1773 \u2013 13 February 1798) was a German jurist and writer. With Ludwig Tieck, he was a co-founder of German Romanticism.\nWackenroder was born in Berlin. He was a close friend of Tieck from youth until his early death. They collaborated on virtually everything they wrote in this period. Wackenroder probably made substantial contributions to Tieck's novel Franz Sternbalds Wanderungen (Franz Sternbald\u2019s Wanderings, 1798), and Tieck to Wackenroder's influential collection of essays, Herzensergie\u00dfungen eines kunstliebenden Klosterbruders (Outpourings of an Art-Loving Friar, 1797). Outpourings is a tribute to Renaissance and medieval literature and art, attributing to them a sense of emotion Wackenroder and Tieck felt was missing in German Enlightenment thought. It was also the first work to claim for Northern Renaissance art a status equivalent to that of the Italian Renaissance, at least in the case of Albrecht D\u00fcrer. The Outpourings have been accorded a status in Germany akin to that of Lyrical Ballads in England, i.e. as the first work of the Romantic movement.Wackenroder died in Berlin in 1798 at the age of 24 of a case of typhoid fever.", "Q92938": "Gilles Brassard, is a faculty member of the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, where he has been a Full Professor since 1988 and Canada Research Chair since 2001.", "Q22350741": "Donnie Darko: The Director's Cut is a 2004 extended version of Richard Kelly's directorial debut, Donnie Darko. A critical success but a commercial failure when first released in 2001, Donnie Darko grew in popularity through word-of-mouth due to strong DVD sales and regular midnight screenings across the United States. As a result of this growth, Kelly was approached by Bob Berney, president of the distributor Newmarket Films, who suggested that the film be rereleased. Kelly proposed producing a director's cut, and was given $290,000 to create what he called his interpretation of the original film. Donnie Darko was subsequently described as being the first \"flop\" to be given a director's cut.Kelly made various alterations to create the director's cut. Almost all of the deleted scenes that had previously been included as bonus features on the film's DVD were added, which increased the runtime by twenty minutes. Kelly also superimposed text from the in-universe book The Philosophy of Time Travel, providing an explanation for some of the more ambiguous elements of the film's plot. Additionally, the sound quality was improved, digital effects were added, and a new soundtrack was created using songs for which Kelly had previously been unable to obtain the rights \u2013 for the opening scene, \"The Killing Moon\" by Echo & the Bunnymen was replaced with \"Never Tear Us Apart\" by INXS. The new cut premiered on May 29, 2004, at a sold-out screening during the Seattle International Film Festival.\nCritical reception to Donnie Darko: The Director's Cut was initially positive: review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating of 91% based on 43 reviews, while Metacritic awarded a score of 88 out of 100, indicating \"universal acclaim\". Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four, describing it as \"alive, original and exciting\". Retrospective reviews have been more negative, with reviewers criticizing the new soundtrack and the plot's lack of ambiguity. The film was released on DVD on February 15, 2005, and on Blu-ray four years later. Domestically, Donnie Darko: The Director's Cut took a total of $753,147 at the box office and $3.7 million worldwide.", "Q1298934": "Synth-pop (short for synthesizer pop; also called techno-pop) is a subgenre of new wave music that first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in progressive rock, electronic, art rock, disco, and particularly the \"Krautrock\" of bands like Kraftwerk. It arose as a distinct genre in Japan and the United Kingdom in the post-punk era as part of the new wave movement of the late 1970s to the mid-1980s.\nElectronic musical synthesizers that could be used practically in a recording studio became available in the mid-1960s, while the mid-1970s saw the rise of electronic art musicians. After the breakthrough of Gary Numan in the UK Singles Chart in 1979, large numbers of artists began to enjoy success with a synthesizer-based sound in the early 1980s. In Japan, Yellow Magic Orchestra introduced the TR-808 rhythm machine to popular music, and the band would be a major influence on early British synth-pop acts. The development of inexpensive polyphonic synthesizers, the definition of MIDI and the use of dance beats, led to a more commercial and accessible sound for synth-pop. This, its adoption by the style-conscious acts from the New Romantic movement, together with the rise of MTV, led to success for large numbers of British synth-pop acts in the US during the Second British Invasion.\n\"Synth-pop\" is sometimes used interchangeably with \"electropop\", but \"electropop\" may also denote a variant of synth-pop that places more emphasis on a harder, more electronic sound. In the mid to late 1980s, duos such as Erasure and Pet Shop Boys adopted a style that was highly successful on the US dance charts, but by the end of the decade, the 'new wave' synth-pop of bands such as A-ha and Alphaville was giving way to house music and techno. Interest in new wave synth-pop began to revive in the indietronica and electroclash movements in the late 1990s, and in the 2000s synth-pop enjoyed a widespread revival and commercial success.\nThe genre has received criticism for alleged lack of emotion and musicianship; prominent artists have spoken out against detractors who believed that synthesizers themselves composed and played the songs. Synth-pop music has established a place for the synthesizer as a major element of pop and rock music, directly influencing subsequent genres (including house music and Detroit techno) and has indirectly influenced many other genres, as well as individual recordings.", "Q36730": "Ottoman Turkish (; Turkish: Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi) or the Ottoman language (Ottoman Turkish: \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0649\u200e, lis\u00e2n-\u0131 Osm\u00e2n\u00ee, also known as \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062c\u0647\u200e, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e or \u062a\u0631\u0643\u06cc\u200e, T\u00fcrk\u00ee, \"Turkish\"; Turkish: Osmanl\u0131ca), is the variety of the Turkish language used in the Ottoman Empire (14th to 20th centuries). It borrows extensively, in all aspects, from Arabic and Persian and its speakers used the (Perso-Arabic) Ottoman Turkish alphabet for written communications. During the peak of Ottoman power (c. 16th century CE), words of foreign origin in Turkish literature in the Ottoman empire heavily outnumbered native Turkish words, with Arabic and Persian vocabulary accounting for up to 88% of the Ottoman vocabulary in some texts.Consequently, Ottoman Turkish was largely unintelligible to the less-educated lower-class and to rural Turks, who continued to use kaba T\u00fcrk\u00e7e (\"raw/vulgar Turkish\"; compare Vulgar Latin), which used far fewer foreign loanwords and is the basis of the modern Turkish language. The Tanzim\u00e2t era (1839-1876) saw the application of the term \"Ottoman\" when referring to the language (\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e, lis\u00e2n-\u0131 Osm\u00e2n\u00ee or \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0644\u064a\u062c\u0647\u200e, Osmanl\u0131ca); Modern Turkish makes the same distinction (Osmanl\u0131ca and Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi).", "Q165386": "All Saints are an English-Canadian girl group formed in London in 1993. They were founded as All Saints 1.9.7.5 by members Melanie Blatt, Shaznay Lewis and Simone Rainford. The group struggled to find commercial success upon being signed to ZTT Records and were dropped by the label shortly after Rainford left the group. In 1996, the group were joined by sisters Nicole and Natalie Appleton and signed to London Records under their shortened name.Part of the British girl group wave of the 1990s, their debut album, All Saints (1997), peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart and went on to become the UK's third best-selling girl group album of all time. The album contained three UK number one singles: \"Never Ever\", \"Under the Bridge\"/\"Lady Marmalade\" and \"Bootie Call\". \"Never Ever\" is the second best-selling girl group single of all-time in the UK, behind the Spice Girls' \"Wannabe\". It also won two Brit Awards: Best British Single and Best British Video, and the group were nominated for Best British Breakthrough Act. Their second album, Saints & Sinners (2000), became their first UK number-one album and achieved multi-platinum success. It included the UK number one singles \"Pure Shores\" and \"Black Coffee\". Amid in-fighting among the group members, All Saints split the following year.\nThe group later reformed after signing to Parlophone Records to release their third album, Studio 1 (2006). However, the album bowed at number 40 in the United Kingdom and All Saints were dropped by their label shortly afterwards. Following a second split in 2009, the group reunited in 2014 for a series of live performances, prompting the group to release of Red Flag (2016), and Testament (2018). As of January 2016, All Saints have sold 12 million records.", "Q229646": "Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe (; 18 March 1919 \u2013 5 January 2001), usually cited as G. E. M. Anscombe or Elizabeth Anscombe, was a British analytic philosopher. She wrote on the philosophy of mind, philosophy of action, philosophical logic, philosophy of language, and ethics. She was a prominent figure of analytical Thomism.\nAnscombe was a student of Ludwig Wittgenstein and became an authority on his work and edited and translated many books drawn from his writings, above all his Philosophical Investigations. Anscombe's 1958 article \"Modern Moral Philosophy\" introduced the term consequentialism into the language of analytic philosophy, and had a seminal influence on contemporary virtue ethics. Her monograph Intention is generally recognised as her greatest and most influential work, and the continuing philosophical interest in the concepts of intention, action, and practical reasoning can be said to have taken its main impetus from this work.", "Q238993": "S\u00f4nia Maria Campos Braga (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u00f5nj\u0250 \u02c8b\u027ea\u0261\u0250]; born 8 June 1950) is a Brazilian actress. She is known in the English-speaking world for her Golden Globe Award nominated performances in Kiss of the Spider Woman (1985) and Moon over Parador (1988). She also received a BAFTA Award nomination in 1981 for Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands (first released in 1976). For the 1994 television film The Burning Season, she was nominated for an Emmy Award and a third Golden Globe Award. Her other television and film credits include The Cosby Show (1986), Sex and the City (2001), American Family (2002), Alias (2005), Aquarius (2016) and Bacurau (2019).", "Q527342": "Ola Skarholt (30 November 1939 \u2013 18 June 2017), was a Norwegian orienteering competitor. He became Relay World Champion in 1970 as a member of the Norwegian winning team, which also consisted of Stig Berge, Per Fosser and \u00c5ge Hadler. Skarholt placed forth in the individual contest.He also won bronze medals in the relay in the 1966 and 1968 World Orienteering Championships.Skarholt represented the clubs SK Freidig and IL i BUL. His results at the Norwegian Orienteering Championships include an individual gold medal in 1965.Skarholt was educated at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, and worked as engineer in the electric power industry. His last job before retirement was a fourteen-year stint as managing director of Lier Electricity Works. He died in Asker on 18 June 2017, 77 years old.", "Q435034": "Georges Delerue (12 March 1925 \u2013 20 March 1992) was a French composer who composed over 350 scores for cinema and television. Delerue won numerous important film music awards, including an Academy Award for A Little Romance (1980), three C\u00e9sar Awards (1979, 1980, 1981), two ASCAP Awards (1988, 1990), and one Gemini Award for Sword of Gideon (1987). He was also nominated for four additional Academy Awards for Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), The Day of the Dolphin (1973), Julia (1977), and Agnes of God (1985), four additional C\u00e9sar Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and one Genie Award for Black Robe (1991).\nThe French newspaper Le Figaro named him \"the Mozart of cinema.\" Delerue was the first composer to win three consecutive C\u00e9sar Awards for Get Out Your Handkerchiefs (1979), Love on the Run (1980), and The Last Metro (1981). Georges Delerue was named Commander of Arts and Letters, one of France's highest honours.", "Q782020": "Sergio Franchi (April 6, 1926 \u2013 May 1, 1990), born Sergio Franci Galli, was an Italian-American tenor and actor who enjoyed success in the United States and internationally after gaining notice in Britain in the early 1960s. In 1962, RCA Victor signed him to a seven-year contract and in October of that year Franchi appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show and performed at Carnegie Hall. Sol Hurok managed Franchi's initial American concert tour.\nFranchi became a headliner in Las Vegas, and starred in concerts and cabarets on several continents. His earliest ambitions and studies had been directed toward an operatic career, but he instead found his niche in popular and romantic music. Franchi performed musical comedies on stage, appeared on numerous television variety shows, and starred in a major motion picture. He became an American citizen in 1972. After gaining success, Franchi was a benefactor and philanthropist, donating his time and talent to many causes. For his longtime support of Boys' and Girls' Towns of Italy, he was posthumously awarded the title of cavaliere in the Order of Merit (Stella al merito del lavoro) by the Italian Government.", "Q144348": "Zaifeng (12 February 1883 \u2013 3 February 1951), formally known by his title Prince Chun, was a Manchu prince and regent of the late Qing dynasty. He was a son of Prince Chun, the seventh son of the Daoguang Emperor, and the father of Puyi, the Last Emperor. He served as Prince-Regent from 1908\u201311 during the reign of his son until the Qing dynasty was overthrown by the Xinhai Revolution in 1911.", "Q66107": "Henry Alfred Kissinger (; German: [\u02c8k\u026as\u026a\u014b\u0250]; born Heinz Alfred Kissinger; May 27, 1923) is an American politician, diplomat, and geopolitical consultant who served as United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. A Jewish refugee who fled Nazi Germany with his family in 1938, he became National Security Advisor in 1969 and U.S. Secretary of State in 1973. For his actions negotiating a ceasefire in Vietnam, Kissinger received the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize under controversial circumstances, with two members of the committee resigning in protest.A practitioner of Realpolitik, Kissinger played a prominent role in United States foreign policy between 1969 and 1977. During this period, he pioneered the policy of d\u00e9tente with the Soviet Union, orchestrated the opening of relations with the People's Republic of China, engaged in what became known as shuttle diplomacy in the Middle East to end the Yom Kippur War, and negotiated the Paris Peace Accords, ending American involvement in the Vietnam War. Kissinger has also been associated with such controversial policies as U.S. involvement in the 1973 Chilean military coup, a \"green light\" to Argentina's military junta for their Dirty War, and U.S. support for Pakistan during the Bangladesh War despite the genocide being perpetrated by his allies. After leaving government, he formed Kissinger Associates, an international geopolitical consulting firm. Kissinger has written over one dozen books on diplomatic history and international relations.\nKissinger remains a controversial and polarizing figure in American politics, both condemned as an alleged war criminal by many journalists, political activists, and human rights lawyers, as well as venerated as a highly effective U.S. Secretary of State by many prominent international relations scholars.", "Q61668": "Remseck am Neckar is a town in the district of Ludwigsburg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is situated at the confluence of the rivers Rems and Neckar, about 12 km northeast of Stuttgart, and 7 km southeast of Ludwigsburg.", "Q2961975": "A business executive is a person responsible for running an organization, although the exact nature of the role varies depending on the organization.\nExecutives run companies or government agencies. They create plans to help their organizations grow. Becoming an executive usually takes years of promotions and hard work since the qualifications of this role needs hard working individuals with years of experience in multiple facets of the business.\n\n", "Q1626593": "Jeffrey Neal \"Jeff\" Pezzati is the lead singer for the popular Chicago punk band, Naked Raygun. From 1983 to 1985, he was also the bass player for the internationally known band Big Black. In 1980, Jeff Pezzati was a member of a suburban cover band, Condor, when he was asked to audition for Naked Raygun (then known as Negro Commando) by the founders, Santiago Durango and Jeff's brother, Marco Pezzati. Jeff passed the audition and became the band's longest-running member.\nHe has ancestors from North Italy in Lombardy, close to Milan.\nJeff is currently also in the band The Bomb.", "Q5190199": "Crush Music is a New York City and Los Angeles-based musician management company that manages Sia, Green Day, Panic! at the Disco, Lorde, Train, Weezer, and Fall Out Boy amongst others. The company was founded by Jonathan Daniel, formerly of Electric Angels and several other glam rock bands, and Bob McLynn, formerly of The Step Kings.", "Q568455": "Joshua Rifkin (born April 22, 1944 in New York) is an American conductor, keyboard player, and musicologist, and is currently a Professor of Music at Boston University. As a performer he has recorded music by composers from Antoine Busnois to Silvestre Revueltas, and as a scholar has published research on composers from the Renaissance to the 20th century. He is famed among classical musicians and aficionados for his increasingly influential theory that most of Bach's choral works were sung with only one singer per choral line. Rifkin argued: \"So long as we define 'chorus' in the conventional modern sense, then Bach's chorus, with few exceptions, simply did not exist.\" He is best known by the general public, however, for having played a central role in the ragtime revival in the 1970s, with the three albums he recorded of Scott Joplin's works for Nonesuch Records.", "Q2682013": "Swedish death metal is a death metal music scene developed in Sweden. Many Swedish death metal bands are associated with the melodic death metal movement, thus giving Swedish death metal a different sound from other variations of death metal. Unlike American death metal groups, the first Swedish bands were rooted in hardcore punk. Although Norway is known for its quantity of black metal, Gothenburg in Sweden has a large melodic death metal scene, while Stockholm is known for its more raw death metal scene.", "Q2656524": "Francis Kjeldsberg, OBE, MVO (10 February 1869 \u2013 24 May 1948) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party.\nHe was born in Trondhjem as a son of consul Rasmus Flor Kjeldsberg (1828\u20131897) and Harriet Southern (1834\u20131924). In 1899 he married Margrethe Berg, daughter of merchant Claus Nissen Riiber Berg (1832\u20131915). Their daughter Harriet married chief physician Odd Kjeldsberg Stub.He graduated from Kristiania Commerce School in 1887, and studied abroad for one year. He was hired in the family company R. Kjeldsberg in 1890, and was the company owner from 1897 to 1927. From 1897 he was also a vice consul for the United Kingdom, upgrading to consul from 1931 to 1945. He was decorated as a Knight of the Royal Victorian Order and Officer of the Order of the British Empire. From 1927 to 1937 he was the manager of Vinmonopolet's branch in Trondheim.He chaired the board of R. Kjeldsberg from 1923 and the supervisory council of Trondhjems Realkreditbank from 1915 to 1942. He was a board member of Privatbanken i Trondhjem (1918\u20131934) and Nordenfjeldske Dampskibsselskab (1927-1942 and in 1945) and supervisory council member of Trondhjems Sparebank (1905\u20131942).Kjeldsberg was on the electoral college in the 1903 Norwegian parliamentary election. He served as a member of Trondhjem city council from 1911 to 1928; from 1917 to 1922 as a member of the executive committee. He served as deputy mayor from 1920 to 1921 and mayor in 1922. He was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from the Market towns of S\u00f8r-Tr\u00f8ndelag and Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag counties in 1924, and served through one term. He met in parliamentary session in 1926 and 1927.During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was arrested in October 1940 and imprisoned in isolation in Vollan concentration camp. He was released after one week. He died in May 1948.", "Q1157870": "Dale Watson (born October 7, 1962 in Birmingham, Alabama) is an American country/Texas country singer, guitarist, songwriter, and self-published author based in Austin, Texas. He champions \"Ameripolitan\" as a new genre of original music and has positioned himself as a tattooed, stubbornly independent outsider who is interested in recording authentic country music. As a result, he has become a favorite of critics and alt-country fans.", "Q71490": "Ulrich Wickert (born 2 December 1942 in Tokyo) is a German journalist. He is one of the best known broadcasters in Germany.", "Q18426": "The Bronx () is a borough of New York City, coterminous with Bronx County, in the U.S. state of New York, the third-most densely populated county in the United States. It is south of Westchester County; northeast and east of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of Queens, across the East River. The Bronx has a land area of 42 square miles (109 km2) and a population of 1,418,207 in 2019. Of the five boroughs, it has the fourth-largest area, fourth-highest population, and third-highest population density. It is the only borough predominantly on the U.S. mainland. If each borough were its own city, the Bronx would rank as the eighth-most populous in the U.S.\nThe Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a hillier section in the west, and a flatter eastern section. East and west street names are divided by Jerome Avenue. The West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895. Bronx County was separated from New York County in 1914. About a quarter of the Bronx's area is open space, including Woodlawn Cemetery, Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, the New York Botanical Garden, and the Bronx Zoo in the borough's north and center. These open spaces are situated primarily on land deliberately reserved in the late 19th century as urban development progressed north and east from Manhattan.\nThe name \u201cBronx\u201d originated with Swedish-born Jonas Bronck, who established the first settlement in the area as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639. The native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by European settlers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant and migrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community, first from various European countries (particularly Ireland, Germany, Italy and Eastern Europe) and later from the Caribbean region (particularly Puerto Rico, Haiti, Jamaica, and the Dominican Republic), as well as African American migrants from the southern United States. This cultural mix has made the Bronx a wellspring of Latin music, hip hop and rock.\nThe Bronx contains the poorest congressional district in the United States, the 15th. There are, however, some upper-income, as well as middle-income neighborhoods such as Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park, and Country Club. Parts of the Bronx saw a decline in population, livable housing and quality of life in the late 1960s, 1970s and 1980s culminating in a wave of arson. In addition, the South Bronx saw severe urban decay. The Bronx experienced some redevelopment starting in the 1990s.", "Q333187": "Karel Gott (14 July 1939 \u2013 1 October 2019) was a Czech recording artist and amateur painter, considered the most successful male singer in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. He was voted the country's best male singer in the annual \u010cesk\u00fd slav\u00edk (Czech Nightingale) national music award 42 times, most recently in 2017.\nHe achieved considerable success in the German-speaking countries, where he was known as \"the Golden Voice of Prague\", winning the Goldene Stimmgabel award three times (1982, 1984, and 1995).\nOver the course of his career he released over 100 albums and 100 compilation albums, and sold an estimated 50\u2013100 million records worldwide, 23 million of them in the German-speaking market, and about 15 million in Czechoslovakia and its successor states, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.", "Q70956": "Eduard Heinrich Flottwell (23 July 1786 \u2013 28 May 1865; after 1861 von Flottwell) was a Prussian Staatsminister. He served as Oberpr\u00e4sident (governor) of the Grand Duchy of Posen (from 1830) and of the Saxony (from 1841), Westphalia (from 1846) and Brandenburg (from 1850) Provinces. He was also Prussian Minister of Finance (1844-1846) and Minister of Interior (1858-1859).\nFlottwell was born in Insterburg in the Province of East Prussia (present-day Chernyakhovsk in Russian Kaliningrad Oblast), studied law at the University of K\u00f6nigsberg and entered the civil service at the Insterburg court in 1805; from 1812 he was a member of the East Prussian Regierungspr\u00e4sidium of Gumbinnen. After the Napoleonic Wars he together with Oberpr\u00e4sident Theodor von Sch\u00f6n re-organised the administration of the West Prussian province at Danzig. In 1825 he was appointed Regierungspr\u00e4sident of Marienwerder.\nWhen in 1830 the Polish November Uprising led by Micha\u0142 Gedeon Radziwi\u0142\u0142 broke out at Warsaw in Russian Congress Poland, his brother Antoni Radziwi\u0142\u0142 was dismissed as Duke-Governor of the Prussian Grand Duchy of Posen by King Frederick William III and the sole rule passed to Flottwell as the new Oberpr\u00e4sident. He was a strong supporter of Germanisation and standardised schooling policies, which by some was seen as directed against ethnic Polish Prussians in the region. In 1843 in \"Anerkennung der Hilfe nach dem gro\u00dfen Hamburger Brand\" (acknowledgment of the assistance after the great Hamburg fire), he was named an honorary citizen of Hamburg.", "Q355202": "Adelino da Palma Carlos, GCC, GCIH, GOL (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0250d\u0268\u02c8linu d\u0250 \u02c8pa\u026bm\u0250 \u02c8ka\u027elu\u0283]; Faro, 3 May 1905 \u2013 Lisbon, 25 October 1992), was a Portuguese lawyer, scholar, politician and a freemason, one of at least five sons of Manuel Carlos and wife Auta Vaz Velho da Palma. He was an opponent of the fascist regime of the Estado Novo (New State) of Ant\u00f3nio de Oliveira Salazar (and later Marcelo Caetano) since his youth, and, being a liberal, rather than a socialist, was chosen by President Ant\u00f3nio de Sp\u00ednola, as the 103rd and the first prime-minister after the 25 April 1974 revolution. He was also the 11th Bastonary of the Order of the Lawyers of Portugal.\nHis 1st Provisional Government was in power from 15 May to 17 July 1974. As an independent, he chose cabinet members from widely divergent political parties and positions, including members of the then center-left Popular Democratic Party, the Socialist Party and even the Portuguese Communist Party and the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) officers. The ideological diversity of the government seems to be one of the main reasons why the government didn't last, being the other the calling for anticipated presidential elections before Constituent Assembly election, 1975. He was replaced by Colonel Vasco Gon\u00e7alves, a choice that Sp\u00ednola would later regret. After leaving office, Palma Carlos was the national representative (mandat\u00e1rio) of general Ant\u00f3nio Ramalho Eanes for the 1980 Presidential Elections.\nHe was married to Elina J\u00falia Chaves Pereira Guimar\u00e3es (Lisbon, 1904 \u2013 1991).", "Q61683": "Jacob Otto Dietrich (31 August 1897 \u2013 22 November 1952) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era, who served as the Press Chief of Nazi regime and was a confidant of Adolf Hitler.\n\n", "Q181799": "Richard Stephen Dreyfuss (; n\u00e9 Dreyfus; born October 29, 1947) is an American actor best known for starring in popular films between the 1970s and 1990s, including American Graffiti, Jaws, Stand by Me, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Down and Out in Beverly Hills, The Goodbye Girl, Tin Men,\nStakeout, Always, What About Bob? and Mr. Holland's Opus.\nDreyfuss won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1978 for The Goodbye Girl, and was nominated in 1995 for Mr. Holland's Opus. He has also won a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, and was nominated in 2002 for Screen Actors Guild Awards in the Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series and Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries categories.", "Q104787": "Albert Peter Adam Florath (7 December 1888, Bielefeld \u2013 11 March 1957, Gaildorf) was a German stage and film actor.", "Q134644": "Vicente P\u00edo Marcelino Cirilo Aleixandre y Merlo (Spanish pronunciation: [bi\u02c8\u03b8en.te a.lei\u032fk\u02c8san.d\u027ee]; 26 April 1898 \u2013 14 December 1984) was a Spanish poet who was born in Seville. Aleixandre received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1977 \"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars\". He was part of the Generation of '27.\nAleixandre's early poetry, which he wrote mostly in free verse, is highly surrealistic. It also praises the beauty of nature by using symbols that represent the earth and the sea. Many of Aleixandre's early poems are filled with sadness. They reflect his feeling that people have lost the passion and free spirit that he saw in nature. He was one of the greatest poets of Spanish literature alongside Cernuda and Lorca. The melancholia of his poetry was also the melancholy of failed or ephemeral love affairs.Aleixandre's bisexuality was well known to his circle of friends, but he never admitted it publicly. He had a long-term love relationship with the poet Carlos Bouso\u00f1o.He died on 14 December 1984 in Madrid, aged 86.", "Q48211": "Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky ( KERR-\u0259n-skee, k\u0259-REN-skee; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026ak\u02c8sandr \u02c8k\u02b2er\u02b2\u026ansk\u02b2\u026aj]; original spelling: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u044a \u0472\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u044a \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0456\u0439; 4 May [O.S. 22 April] 1881 \u2013 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and revolutionary who was a key political figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917. After the February Revolution of 1917, he joined the newly formed Russian Provisional Government, first as Minister of Justice, then as Minister of War, and after July as the government's second Minister-Chairman. A leader of the moderate-socialist Trudovik faction of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, he was also vice-chairman of the powerful Petrograd Soviet. On 7 November, his government was overthrown by the Lenin-led Bolsheviks in the October Revolution. He spent the remainder of his life in exile, in Paris and New York City, and worked for the Hoover Institution.", "Q47122": "Enrique Miguel Iglesias Preysler (Spanish pronunciation: [en\u02c8rike mi\u02c8\u0263el i\u02c8\u0263lesjas \u02c8p\u027eeizle\u027e]; born 8 May 1975) is a Spanish-Filipino singer, songwriter, actor, and record producer who is regarded as the King of Latin Pop.Iglesias began his career during the mid-1990s on American Spanish-language record label Fonovisa Records under the stage name Enrique Martinez, before switching to his notable surname Iglesias. By the turn of the millennium, after becoming one of the biggest stars in Latin America and the Hispanic market in the United States, he made a successful crossover into the US mainstream market. He signed a multi-album deal with Universal Music Group for US$68 million with Universal Music Latino to release his Spanish albums and Interscope Records to release English albums. In 2010, he parted with Interscope Records and signed with another Universal Music Group label, Republic Records, to release bilingual albums. In 2015, Iglesias parted ways with Universal Music Group after being there for over a decade. He signed with Sony Music and his subsequent albums were to be released by Sony Music Latin in Spanish and RCA Records in English.Enrique is one of the best-selling Latin music artists with sales estimates of over 70 million records. Iglesias has scored over 150 number-one songs across all of the Billboard charts. He has had five Billboard Hot 100 top five singles, including two number-ones, and holds the record for producing 27 number-one Spanish-language singles on the Billboard's Hot Latin Tracks. He also holds the record for most number-one hits on that chart. Iglesias also has 14 number-ones on Billboard's Dance charts, more than any other male artist. In December 2016, Billboard magazine named him the 14th most successful and top male dance club artist of all time.", "Q232": "Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country largely located in Central Asia with the most western parts of it being located in Europe. It is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth-largest country in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). Kazakhstan is the most dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil and gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. It does not border Mongolia, although they are only 37 kilometers apart. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018. Its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). Since 1997 and independence, the capital is Nur-Sultan, formerly known as Astana. It was moved from Almaty, the country's largest city.\nThe territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic groups and empires. In antiquity, the nomadic Scythians inhabited the land and the Persian Achaemenid Empire expanded towards the southern territory of the modern country. Turkic nomads, who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as Turkic Khaganate, etc., have inhabited the country throughout its history. \nIn the 13th century, the territory was subjugated by the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three j\u00fcz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.\nKazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Nursultan Nazarbayev, the first president of Kazakhstan, was characterised as an authoritarian, and his government was accused of numerous human rights violations, including suppression of dissent and censorship of the media. Nazarbayev resigned in March 2019 but was made the Kazakh Security Council's chairman-for-life. He had the capital's name changed to his first name. \nSenate Chairman Kassym-Jomart Tokayev succeeded Nazarbayev as president. In the 21st century, Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy, especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry. Human Rights Watch says that \"Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly, speech, and religion.\" Other human rights organisations regularly describe Kazakhstan's human rights situation as poor.\nKazakhstan's 131 ethnicities include Kazakhs (65.5% of the population), Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Germans, Tatars, and Uyghurs. Islam is the religion of about 70% of the population, with Christianity practised by 26%. Kazakhstan officially allows freedom of religion, but religious leaders who oppose the government are suppressed.The Kazakh language is the state language, and Russian has equal official status for all levels of administrative and institutional purposes. Kazakhstan is a member of the United Nations (UN), WTO, CIS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Eurasian Economic Union, CSTO, OSCE, OIC, and TURKSOY.", "Q1433867": "The Kazakh Khanate, (Kazakh: \u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0425\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0493\u044b, Qazaq Handy\u01f5y, \u0642\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0649\u0639\u0649\u200e) was a successor of the Golden Horde existing from the 15th to 19th century, located roughly on the territory of the present-day Republic of Kazakhstan. At its height, the khanate ruled from eastern Cumania (modern-day West Kazakhstan) to most of Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan and the Syr Darya river with military confrontation as far as Astrakhan and Khorasan Province, which are now in Russia and Iran, respectively. The Khanate also engaged in slavery and raids in its neighboring countries of Russia and Central Asia, and was later weakened by a series of Oirat and Dzungar invasions. These resulted in a decline and further disintegration into three J\u00fcz-es, which gradually lost their sovereignty and were incorporated to the expanding Russian Empire. Its establishment marked the beginning of Kazakh statehood whose 550th anniversary was celebrated in 2015.", "Q8060": "The Romani (also spelled Romany , ), colloquially known as Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, traditionally itinerant, living mostly in Europe and the Americas. The Romani originate from the northern Indian subcontinent, from the Rajasthan, Haryana, and Punjab regions of modern-day India.Genetic findings appear to confirm that the Romani \"came from a single group that left northwestern India\" in about 512 CE. Genetic research published in the European Journal of Human Genetics \"revealed that over 70% of males belong to a single lineage that appears unique to the Roma\". They are dispersed, but their most concentrated populations are located in Europe, especially Central, Eastern and Southern Europe (including Turkey, Spain and Southern France). The Romani arrived in Mid-West Asia and Europe around 1007. They have been associated with another Indo-Aryan group, the Dom people: the two groups have been said to have separated from each other or, at least, to share a similar history. Specifically, the ancestors of both the Romani and the Dom left North India sometime between the 6th and 11th century.The Romani are widely known in English by the exonym Gypsies (or Gipsies), which is considered by some Roma people to be pejorative due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity. Beginning in 1888, the Gypsy Lore Society started to publish a journal that was meant to dispel rumors about their lifestyle.Since the 19th century, some Romani have also migrated to the Americas. There are an estimated one million Roma in the United States; and 800,000 in Brazil, most of whose ancestors emigrated in the 19th century from Eastern Europe. Brazil also includes a notable Romani community descended from people deported by the Portuguese Empire during the Portuguese Inquisition. In migrations since the late 19th century, Romani have also moved to other countries in South America and to Canada.In February 2016, during the International Roma Conference, the Indian Minister of External Affairs stated that the people of the Roma community were children of India. The conference ended with a recommendation to the government of India to recognize the Roma community spread across 30 countries as a part of the Indian diaspora.The Romani language is divided into several dialects which together have an estimated number of speakers of more than two million. The total number of Romani people is at least twice as high (several times as high according to high estimates). Many Romani are native speakers of the dominant language in their country of residence or of mixed languages combining the dominant language with a dialect of Romani; those varieties are sometimes called Para-Romani.\n\n", "Q235284": "Catherine Oxenberg (born September 22, 1961) is an American actress. Best known for her performance as Amanda Carrington on the 1980s prime time soap opera Dynasty, she is the daughter of Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia and Howard Oxenberg.", "Q331790": "Interpol is an American rock band from Manhattan, New York. Formed in 1997, their original line-up consisted of Paul Banks (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Daniel Kessler (lead guitar, backing vocals), Carlos Dengler (bass guitar, keyboards), and Greg Drudy (drums). Drudy left the band in 2000 and was replaced by Sam Fogarino. Dengler left to pursue other projects in 2010, with Banks taking on the additional role of bassist instead of hiring a new one.\nHaving first performed at Luna Lounge alongside peers such as the Strokes, Longwave, the National, and Stellastarr, Interpol is one of the bands associated with the New York indie music scene and one of several groups that emerged from the post-punk revival of the 2000s. The band's sound is generally a mix of staccato bass and rhythmic, harmonized guitar with a snare-heavy mix, drawing comparisons to post-punk bands such as Joy Division, Television, and the Chameleons. The band has no primary lyricist, with each member contributing to songwriting.Interpol's debut album Turn On the Bright Lights (2002) was critically acclaimed, making it to No. 10 on NME's list of the top albums of the year and No. 1 on Pitchfork Media's list of the top 50 albums of the year. Subsequent records Antics (2004) and Our Love to Admire (2007) brought greater critical and commercial success. The band released its self-titled fourth album in September 2010, then went on hiatus while they focused on other projects. Their fifth studio album, El Pintor, was released in September 2014. The band embarked on an anniversary tour for Turn On the Bright Lights in 2017, performing the album live in its entirety. The band's sixth studio album, Marauder, was released in August 2018.", "Q3497016": "Agust\u00ed Montal i Costa (5 April 1934 in Barcelona, \u2013 22 March 2017 in Barcelona) was a Spanish economist and businessman who was born in Barcelona, son of Agust\u00ed Montal Galobart. He was a member of an important family of Catalan cotton textile manufacturers. In 1969 he was elected president of FC Barcelona, a post he held until 1977.\nDuring his tenure he promoted the slogan Mes que un club (More than a club). He introduced after the Spanish Civil War the Catalan club's newsletter, the membership card, and the stadium PA system. He often protested against the Spanish Football Federation for the discrimination suffered by the club by the arbitrators often to your detriment (as the case of Emilio Guruceta)\nNetherlands striker joined Johann Cruyff and other famous international players such as Johan Neeskens or Hugo Sotil, which reached to win the league in 1973-1974, after fourteen years of not winning anything.\nAlso adopted the current club anthem, written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espin\u00e0s.\nIn 1977 he resigned after his vice interinatge Raimon Carrasco, in the elections of 1978 he was elected club president Josep Lluis Nunez.\nHe was also President of the Association of cotton textile manufacturers between 1979 and 1985. In 2003 he was elected President of the Catalan Encyclopedia Group.\nIn 2004 the Catalan government gave him the George Cross.", "Q553428": "Leroy Warriner (March 1, 1919 \u2013 January 2, 2003) was an American racing driver from Indianapolis who attempted to qualify for the Indianapolis 500 every year from 1951 to 1958 without succeeding. Warriner only managed to qualify for a single Championship Car race, the September 1953 race at the Indiana State Fairgrounds where he started and finished 18th. He retired from racing in 1962 then owned the Indianapolis Speedrome with Gene Hartley until 1977. An accomplished midget car racer, he was inducted into the National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q129173": "Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam (6 July 1859 \u2013 20 May 1940) was a Swedish poet, novelist and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1916. He was a member of the Swedish Academy from 1912. His poems and prose work are filled with a great joy of life, sometimes imbued with a love of Swedish history and scenery, particularly its physical aspects.", "Q502101": "Andrei Ivanovich Borisenko (\u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e - born April 17, 1964) is a Russian cosmonaut. He was selected as a cosmonaut in May 2003, and is a veteran of two long duration missions to the International Space Station.\nBorisenko served as a flight engineer onboard Soyuz TMA-21 for Expedition 27, the 27th long-duration mission to the International Space Station (ISS). He also served as the commander of the International Space Station for Expedition 28. He launched for the second time in October 2016 onboard Soyuz MS-02 as a flight engineer of Expedition 49 and Expedition 50. He returned to Earth in April 2017.", "Q160215": "King Kong is a 2005 epic monster adventure film co-written, produced, and directed by Peter Jackson. A second remake of the 1933 film of the same title, the film stars Naomi Watts, Jack Black, Adrien Brody, and, through motion capture, Andy Serkis as the title character. Set in 1933, it follows the story of an ambitious filmmaker who coerces his cast and hired ship crew to travel to the mysterious Skull Island. There, they encounter bizarre creatures living on the island as well as a legendary giant gorilla known as Kong, whom they capture and take to New York City.\nFilming for King Kong took place in New Zealand from September 2004 to March 2005. The project's budget climbed from an initial $150 million to a then-record-breaking $207 million. It was released on December 14, 2005 in Germany and the United States, and made an opening of $50.1 million. While it performed lower than expected, King Kong made domestic and worldwide grosses that eventually added up to $562 million, becoming the fourth-highest-grossing film in Universal Pictures history at the time and the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2005. It also generated $100 million in DVD sales upon its home video release.The film garnered positive reviews from critics and appeared on several top ten lists for 2005. It was praised for its special effects, performances, sense of spectacle and comparison to the 1933 original, while some criticised its 3-hour run time. It won three Academy Awards: Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing and Best Visual Effects. A tie-in video game was released alongside the film, which also became a commercial success.\n\n", "Q91202": "Rudolf Uhlenhaut (15 July 1906 - 8 May 1989) was an Anglo-German engineer and executive for Mercedes-Benz. He had a long association with the Mercedes-Benz racing programme of the 1930s and 1950s, and is best known for his road legal Uhlenhaut Coup\u00e9 version of the 1955 Mercedes-Benz 300SLR race car.", "Q1445729": "Franti\u0161ek \"Franta\" \u0160torm (born 3 July 1966) is a Czech musician, photographer, typographer, writer, teacher, artist, illustrator and record producer, famous for being the vocalist and a founding member of the black metal band Master's Hammer.\n\n", "Q960319": "Greg Cohen (born July 13, 1953) is an American jazz bassist who has been a member of John Zorn's Masada quartet and worked with numerous other noted musicians for over four decades.", "Q318302": "Paul Schiemann (Latvian: Pauls \u0160\u012bmanis; 17 March 1876 \u2013 23 June 1944) was a Baltic German journalist, editor and politician who was known for his commitment to minority rights.", "Q1722": "Dubrovnik (Croatian: [d\u01d4bro\u02d0\u028bni\u02d0k] (listen); historically Ragusa) is a city on the Adriatic Sea in southern Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranean Sea, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva County. Its total population is 42,615 (census 2011). In 1979, the city of Dubrovnik joined the UNESCO list of World Heritage sites.\nThe prosperity of the city was historically based on maritime trade; as the capital of the maritime Republic of Ragusa, it achieved a high level of development, particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries, as it became notable for its wealth and skilled diplomacy.\nIn 1991, after the break-up of Yugoslavia, Dubrovnik was besieged by Serbian and Montenegrin soldiers of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) for seven months and suffered significant damage from shelling. After repair and restoration works in the 1990s and early 2000s, Dubrovnik re-emerged as one of the top tourist destinations in the Mediterranean.", "Q255570": "Mar\u00eda Laura Espido Freire (her pen name is just her surnames Espido Freire) is a writer born in Bilbao, Spain on 16 July 1974. She is a recipient of the Premio Planeta de Novela.", "Q52249": "Colette Audry (6 July 1906 \u2013 20 October 1990) was a French novelist, screenwriter, and critic.\nAudry was born in Orange, Vaucluse. She won the Prix M\u00e9dicis for the autobiographical novel Derri\u00e8re la baignoire (Behind the Bathtub). As a screenwriter she first gained acclaim for The Battle for the Railway and also wrote for her sister Jacqueline. In politics she was a member of the Anti-Stalinist left (she was a member of the Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party) and an associate to Simone de Beauvoir. She died at Issy-les-Moulineaux, aged 84.", "Q1257176": "The Drei T\u00fcrme (also Dri T\u00fcrm or Drei Drusent\u00fcrme; \"three towers\") are a group of peaks in the R\u00e4tikon range of the Alps, located on the border between Austria and Switzerland. The highest of the three, the Grosser Turm, lies on the Austrian side of the border, in the state of Vorarlberg. It is the highest point of the Drusenfluh group.", "Q1044": "Sierra Leone ( (listen), also UK: , US: ), officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, informally Salone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea to the northeast. Sierra Leone has a tropical climate with a diverse environment ranging from savanna to rainforests, a total area of 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mi) and a population of 7,092,113 as of the 2015 census. The capital and largest city is Freetown. The country is divided into five administrative regions which are subdivided into sixteen districts.In February 1898, the Sierra Leonean people led an armed rebellion against British rule that is known today as the Hut Tax War of 1898. The nation achieved independence from Britain on 27 April 1961, and Milton Margai became the first Prime Minister. Margai's political party was the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), under the leadership of Albert Margai, and it narrowly lost the 1967 Sierra Leone parliamentary elections to the main opposition party of the All People's Congress (APC) led by Siaka Stevens. \nStevens was a political strongman who ruled Sierra Leone from 1967 to 1985 when he retired from politics due to poor health. On 19 April 1971, Stevens' government abolished Sierra Leone's parliamentary system and declared Sierra Leone a presidential republic. From 1978 to 1985, president Stevens\" APC party was the only legal political party in Sierra Leone. The multiparty democratic constitution of Sierra Leone was adopted in 1991 by the government of President Joseph Saidu Momoh, Stevens' hand-picked successor, just as the rebel group Revolutionary United Front led by Foday Sankoh launched a brutal civil war in the country.\nOn 29 April 1992, a group of Junior soldiers in the Sierra Leone Army led by Captain Valentine Strasser overthrew President Momoh, and Sierra Leone was under Military rule from 1992 to 1996 during the civil war. The country returned to a democratically elected government when the military Junta under Brigadier General Julius Maada Bio handed the presidency to Ahmad Tejan Kabbah of the SLPP after his victory in the 1996 election. However, the Sierra Leone military overthrew President Kabbah in a coup on 25 May 1997, and Major General Johnny Paul Koroma became the country's head of state. A coalition of West African Ecowas armed forces led by Nigeria then reinstated President Kabbah by military force in February 1998, and the leaders of the coup were executed after they were sentenced to death by a Sierra Leone military court. In January 2002, President Kabbah announced the end of the civil war with the help of Ecowas, the British government, the African Union, and the United Nations. Sierra Leone has had an uninterrupted democratic government from 1998 to present.\nSixteen ethnic groups inhabit Sierra Leone, each with its own language and customs. The two largest and most influential are the Temne and Mende people. The Temne are predominantly found in the northwest and the Mende in the southeast. About two percent of the population are the Krio people, who are descendants of freed American and West Indian slaves. English is the official language used in schools and government administration, but Krio is the most widely spoken language, an English-based creole used by 98 percent of the population. Krio unites all the ethnic groups in the country, especially in their trade and social interaction.\nSierra Leone is 77 percent Muslim, with an influential Christian minority of 22 percent. The country is regarded as one of the most religiously tolerant countries in the world. Muslims and Christians collaborate and interact with each other very peacefully, and religious violence is very rare. The major Christian and Muslim holidays are official public holidays, including Christmas, Easter, Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha.Sierra Leone has relied on mining for its economic base, especially of diamonds. It is also among the largest producers of titanium and bauxite and a major producer of gold, and it has one of the world's largest deposits of rutile. The nation is home to the third-largest natural harbour in the world. Despite this natural wealth, 53 percent of its population lived in poverty in 2011. Sierra Leone is a member of many international organisations, including the United Nations, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Mano River Union, the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Development Bank, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.", "Q151976": "Michael \"Mikis\" Theodorakis (Greek: \u039c\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1\u03ae\u03bb (\u039c\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2) \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 [\u02c8micis \u03b8eo\u00f0o\u02c8\u027eacis]; born 29 July 1925) is a Greek composer and lyricist who has contributed to contemporary Greek music with over 1000 works.He scored for the films Zorba the Greek (1964), Z (1969), and Serpico (1973). He composed the \"Mauthausen Trilogy\" also known as \"The Ballad of Mauthausen\", which has been described as the \"most beautiful musical work ever written about the Holocaust\" and possibly his best work. He is viewed as Greece's best-known living composer. He was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize.Politically, he is associated with the left because of his long-standing ties to the Communist Party of Greece. He was an MP for the KKE from 1981-90. Nevertheless, in 1989 he ran as an independent candidate within the centre-right New Democracy party, in order for the country to emerge from the political crisis that had been created due to the numerous scandals of the government of Andreas Papandreou, and helped establish a large coalition between conservatives, socialists and leftists. In 1990 he was elected to the parliament (as in 1964 and 1981), became a government minister under Constantine Mitsotakis, and fought against drugs and terrorism and for culture, education and better relations between Greece and Turkey. He continued to speak out in favor of left-liberal causes, Greek\u2013Turkish\u2013Cypriot relations, and against the War in Iraq. He has consistently opposed oppressive regimes and was a key voice against the 1967\u201374 Greek junta, which imprisoned him and banned his songs.\n\n", "Q129615": "Mar\u00eda Emilia Attias Pompei (born March 20, 1987), better known as Emilia Attias is an Argentine actress, model, singer, DJ and television host.", "Q9418": "Psychology is the science of behavior and mind. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought. It is an academic discipline of immense scope. Psychologists seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, and all the variety of phenomena linked to those emergent properties, joining this way the broader neuroscientific group of researchers. As a social science it aims to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases.In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.\nPsychologists explore behavior and mental processes, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion, intelligence, subjective experiences, motivation, brain functioning, and personality. This extends to interaction between people, such as interpersonal relationships, including psychological resilience, family resilience, and other areas. Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind. Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to employing empirical and deductive methods, some\u2014especially clinical and counseling psychologists\u2014at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques. Psychology has been described as a \"hub science\" in that medicine tends to draw psychological research via neurology and psychiatry, whereas social sciences most commonly draws directly from sub-disciplines within psychology.While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity. By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society. The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role, practicing in clinical, counseling, or school settings. Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior, and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings (e.g., medical schools, hospitals). Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings, or in other areas such as human development and aging, sports, health, and the media, as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law.", "Q2066131": "An athlete (also sportswoman or sportsman) is a person who competes in one or more sports that involve physical strength, speed or endurance. The use of the term in sports such as golf or auto racing is somewhat controversial.\nAthletes may be professionals or amateurs. Most professional athletes have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise accompanied by a strict dietary regimen.", "Q336799": "George Lennox (\"Len\") Fyfe, Baron Fyfe of Fairfield (10 April 1941 \u2013 1 February 2011) was a British politician and life peer who sat as a Labour member of the House of Lords. \nFyfe was born at Sauchie, Clackmannanshire, the son of George Lennox Fyfe and Elizabeth Struthers Fyfe. He was educated at Alloa Academy and Co-operative College, Loughborough. \nFyfe made his career in the Co-operative movement, initially in Scotland; he was general manager of the Kirriemuir Co-operative Society from 1966 to 1968, and regional manager of the Scottish Co-operative Society from 1968 to 1972. He was group general manager of the Co-operative Wholesale Society from 1972 to 1975. He served as Chief Executive of the Leicestershire Co-operative Society from 1975 to 1995, and, following a merger, held the same position at the Midlands Co-operative Society until 2000. He was a member of the East Midlands Economic Planning Council from 1976 to 1979. \nFyfe served variously as director, deputy chairman or chairman of many co-operative businesses from the early 1980s onwards, including Shoefayre, Co-operative Wholesale Society, Co-operative Insurance Society, The Co-operative Bank and Unity Trust Bank. He was also a member of the central committee of the International Co-operative Alliance and served as president of the Co-operative Congress in 2001. \nHe was created a life peer on 16 May 2000 as Baron Fyfe of Fairfield, of Sauchie in Clackmannanshire. In the House of Lords he was a member of the European Union Committee, sitting on sub-committees on Environment, Agriculture, Public Health and Consumer Protection until 2003, and on the Internal Market from 2005 until his death. \nFyfe served as a Justice of the Peace for Perthshire from 1972 to 1975. He was also director of Central Television from 1983 to 1992, and a member of the court of Leicester University.\nLennox Fyfe married Ann Clark in 1965; she died in 1999. The couple had a son (deceased) and a daughter.", "Q562193": "Fred Arthur Leuchter Jr. (born February 7, 1943) is an American manufacturer of execution equipment and Holocaust denier who is best known as the author of the Leuchter report, a pseudoscientific document that alleges there were no gas chambers at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Prior to this, he had been contracted by the authorities of several states in the U.S. to improve the design of instruments for capital punishment. Leuchter was charged in Massachusetts with having misrepresented himself to penitentiaries as an engineer, despite having no relevant qualifications; Leuchter plea bargained with state prosecutors, and received two years probation. He has also been accused of running a \"death row shakedown\", in which Leuchter threatened to testify for the defense in capital cases if he was not given contracts for his services by that state.Leuchter became internationally known for his testimony in defense of Holocaust denier Ernst Z\u00fcndel in 1988. His study for Z\u00fcndel's trial has been referred to as the Leuchter Report since it was published by Z\u00fcndel with that title. \nLeuchter's work is often presented by Holocaust deniers as scientifically-based evidence for Holocaust denial, despite his research methods and findings having been widely discredited on both scientific and historical grounds. Leuchter, and his report, are the subject of Mr. Death: The Rise and Fall of Fred A. Leuchter, Jr., a 1999 feature-length documentary film by Errol Morris.", "Q87306": "Friedrich Christian Carl von Bodelschwingh (* 6 March 1831 in Tecklenburg; \u2020 2 April 1910 in Bielefeld-Bethel), better known as Friedrich von Bodelschwingh the Elder, was a German theologian and politician. He is remembered as the founder of the v. Bodelschwinghsche Anstalten Bethel charitable foundations.", "Q254108": "Mar\u00eda Julia \u201cMaju\u201d Mantilla Garc\u00eda (born July 10, 1984) is a Peruvian actress, dancer, model, teacher and beauty queen who won Miss World 2004 in China.", "Q838166": "The Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery (Chinese: \u516b\u5b9d\u5c71\u9769\u547d\u516c\u5893) is Beijing's main resting place for the highest-ranking revolutionary heroes, high government officials and, in recent years, individuals deemed of major importance due to their contributions to society. In Chinese, Babaoshan literally means \"The Eight-Treasure Mountains\". The cemetery is located in the Shijingshan District, a municipality located in western Beijing.", "Q2158975": "Robert Ten Broeck Stevens (July 31, 1899 \u2013 January 31, 1983) was a US businessman and former chairman of J.P. Stevens and Company, which was one of the most established textile manufacturing plants in the US. He served as the Secretary of the Army between February 4, 1953 until July 21, 1955.", "Q79972": "James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 \u2013 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625. The kingdoms of Scotland and England were individual sovereign states, with their own parliaments, judiciaries, and laws, though both were ruled by James in personal union.\nJames was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and a great-great-grandson of Henry VII, King of England and Lord of Ireland, and thus a potential successor to all three thrones. James succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother was compelled to abdicate in his favour. Four different regents governed during his minority, which ended officially in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government until 1583. In 1603, he succeeded the last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland, Elizabeth I, who died childless. He continued to reign in all three kingdoms for 22 years, a period known after him as the Jacobean era, until his death. After the Union of the Crowns, he based himself in England (the largest of the three realms) from 1603, returning to Scotland only once, in 1617, and styled himself \"King of Great Britain and Ireland\". He was a major advocate of a single parliament for England and Scotland. In his reign, the Plantation of Ulster and British colonisation of the Americas began.\nAt 57 years and 246 days, James's reign in Scotland was the longest of any Scottish monarch. He achieved most of his aims in Scotland but faced great difficulties in England, including the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 and repeated conflicts with the English Parliament. Under James, the \"Golden Age\" of Elizabethan literature and drama continued, with writers such as William Shakespeare, John Donne, Ben Jonson, and Sir Francis Bacon contributing to a flourishing literary culture. James himself was a talented scholar, the author of works such as Daemonologie (1597), The True Law of Free Monarchies (1598), and Basilikon Doron (1599). He sponsored the translation of the Bible into English that would later be named after him: the Authorized King James Version. Sir Anthony Weldon claimed that James had been termed \"the wisest fool in Christendom\", an epithet associated with his character ever since. Since the latter half of the 20th century, historians have tended to revise James's reputation and treat him as a serious and thoughtful monarch. He was strongly committed to a peace policy, and tried to avoid involvement in religious wars, especially the Thirty Years' War (1618\u20131648) that devastated much of Central Europe. He tried but failed to prevent the rise of hawkish elements in the English Parliament who wanted war with Spain.", "Q66852": "Vechigen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Until the administrative centralization of 1966 it was made up of four semi-autonomous communities; Vechigen, Sinneringen with Boll and Dentenberg, Utzigen with Lindental and Berg with Littewil and Radelfingen.", "Q442531": "Irene Escolar Navarro (born October 19, 1988) is a Spanish actress.\nShe received a Goya Award for Best New Actress in 2016, and was nominated for the Max and Valle Incl\u00e1n Awards for Theater for Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca's \"The Public\".", "Q188965": "Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise of Pompadour (, French: [p\u0254\u0303padu\u0281] (listen); 29 December 1721 \u2013 15 April 1764), commonly known as Madame de Pompadour, was a member of the French court. She was the official chief mistress of Louis XV from 1745 to 1751, and remained influential as court favourite until her death.Pompadour took charge of the king's schedule and was a valued aide and advisor, despite her frail health and many political enemies. She secured titles of nobility for herself and her relatives, and built a network of clients and supporters. She was particularly careful not to alienate the Queen, Marie Leszczy\u0144ska. On 8 February 1756, the Marquise de Pompadour was named as the thirteenth lady in waiting to the queen, a position considered the most prestigious at the court, which accorded her with honors.Pompadour was a major patroness of architecture and decorative arts, especially porcelain. She was a patroness of the philosophes of the Enlightenment, including Voltaire.\nHostile critics at the time generally tarred her as a malevolent political influence, but historians are more favorable, emphasizing her successes as a patroness of the arts and a champion of French pride. Art historian Melissa Hyde argues that the critiques of Pompadour were driven by fears over the overturning of social and gender hierarchies that Pompadour's power and influence, as a woman who was not born into the aristocracy, represented.", "Q122998": "Pauline Viardot (pronounced [po.lin vja\u0281.do]; 18 July 1821 \u2013 18 May 1910) was a leading nineteenth-century French mezzo-soprano, pedagogue, and composer of Spanish descent.\nBorn Michelle Ferdinande Pauline Garc\u00eda, her name appears in various forms. When it is not simply \"Pauline Viardot\", it most commonly appears in association with her maiden name Garc\u00eda or the unaccented form, Garcia. This name sometimes precedes Viardot and sometimes follows it. Sometimes the words are hyphenated; sometimes they are not. She achieved initial fame as \"Pauline Garc\u00eda\"; the accent was dropped at some point, but exactly when is not clear. After her marriage, she referred to herself simply as \"Mme Viardot\".She came from a musical family and took up music at a young age. She began performing as a teenager and had a long and illustrious career as a star performer.", "Q76499": "Johann Georg Hamann (; German: [\u02c8ha\u02d0man]; August 27, 1730 \u2013 June 21, 1788) was a German Lutheran philosopher from K\u00f6nigsberg known as \u201cthe Wizard of the North\u201d who was one of the leader figures of post Kantian philosophy. His work was used by his student J. G. Herder as the main support of the Sturm und Drang movement, and is associated with the Counter-Enlightenment and Romanticism.He introduced Kant, also from K\u00f6nigsberg, to both Hume \u2013 waking him from his \"dogmatic slumber\" \u2013 and Rousseau. Hamann was influenced by Hume, but he used his views to argue for rather than against Christianity.Goethe and Kierkegaard were among those who considered him to be the finest mind of his time. He was also a key influence on Hegel and Jacobi. Long before the linguistic turn, Hamann believed epistemology should be replaced by the philosophy of language.", "Q716866": "Miller Smith Puckette (born 1959) is the associate director of the Center for Research in Computing and the Arts as well as a professor of music at the University of California, San Diego, where he has been since 1994.\nPuckette is known for authoring Max, a graphical development environment for music and multimedia synthesis, which he developed while working at IRCAM in the late 1980s. He is also the author of Pure Data (Pd), a real-time performing platform for audio, video and graphical programming language for the creation of interactive computer music and multimedia works, written in the 1990s with input from many others in the computer music and free software communities.", "Q345777": "Rapha\u00ebl Mussard (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0281afa\u025bl mysa\u0281]; born 6 March 1971 in Marseille), better known by his stage name Faf Larage ([faf la\u0281a\u0292]), is a French rapper of Malagasy and Reunionese origins.", "Q444140": "Hala Misrati (Arabic: \u0647\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u200e) is a Libyan writer, television anchor and journalist. She came to wide prominence around the Arab world during the Libyan Civil War, during which she was considered to be acting as the mouthpiece for the Gaddafi government.", "Q925123": "John McEntire (born April 9, 1970 in Portland, Oregon) is an American recording engineer, producer, drummer and multi-instrumentalist based in Chicago. He is a member of both Tortoise and the Sea and Cake.\nMcEntire started playing drums at age 10. Throughout high school, he performed in marching bands and studied privately for seven years. He went on to attend Oberlin Conservatory initially as a percussion major, but eventually switched to study in the school's then newly created program for Technology in Music and Related Arts.", "Q241263": "Kathleen Deanna Battle (born August 13, 1948) is an American operatic soprano known for her distinctive vocal range and tone. Born in Portsmouth, Ohio, Battle initially became known for her work within the concert repertoire through performances with major orchestras during the early and mid-1970s. She made her opera debut in 1975. Battle expanded her repertoire into lyric soprano and coloratura soprano roles during the 1980s and early 1990s, until her eventual dismissal from the Metropolitan Opera in 1994. After a 22-year absence from the Met, Battle performed a concert of spirituals at the Metropolitan Opera House in November 2016.", "Q67580": "Max Moritz Warburg (5 June 1867 \u2013 26 December 1946) was a German-Jewish banker and scion of the wealthy Warburg family based in Hamburg, Germany.", "Q16379": "Sabyasach Chakrabarty) is an Indian actor of theater, films and television. He is considered to be one of the most prolific actors of West Bengal, and is best known for portraying iconic Bengali detective characters, Feluda and Kakababu.\n\n", "Q220845": "Margaret of Valois (French: Marguerite, 14 May 1553 \u2013 27 March 1615) was a French princess of the Valois dynasty who became queen consort of Navarre and later also of France. By her marriage to Henry III of Navarre (later Henry IV of France), she was queen of Navarre and then France at her husband's 1589 accession to the latter throne. \nShe was the daughter of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici and the sister of kings Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III. Her union with the king of Navarre, which had been intended to contribute to the reconciliation of Roman Catholics and Protestant Huguenots in France, was tarnished six days after the marriage ceremony by the St Bartholomew's Day massacre and the resumption of the French Wars of Religion. In the conflict between Henry III and the Malcontents, she took the side of Francis, Duke of Anjou, her younger brother, and this caused the king to have a deep aversion towards her.\nAs Queen of Navarre, she also played a pacifying role in the stormy relations between her husband and the French monarchy. Shuttled back and forth between the two courts, she endeavored to lead a happy conjugal life, but her sterility and the political tensions inherent in the civil conflict led to the end of her marriage. Mistreated by a brother quick to take offence and rejected by a fickle and opportunistic husband, she chose the path of opposition in 1585. She took the side of the Catholic League and was forced to live in Auvergne in an exile which lasted twenty years. In 1599, she consented to a \"royal divorce\" \u2013 i.e. the annulment of the marriage \u2013 but only after the payment of a generous compensation.A well-known woman of letters and an enlightened mind as well as an extremely generous patron, she played a considerable part in the cultural life of the court, especially after her return from exile in 1605. She was a vector of Neoplatonism, which preached the supremacy of platonic love over physical love. While imprisoned, she took advantage of the time to write her Memoirs. She was the first woman to have done so. She was one of the most fashionable women of her time, and influenced many of Europe's royal courts with her clothing.\nAfter her death the anecdotes and slanders circulated about her created a legend, which was consolidated around the nickname La Reine Margot invented by Alexandre Dumas p\u00e8re, handed down through the centuries the myth of a nymphomaniac and incestuous woman. At the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, historians have reviewed the extensive chronicles of her life, concluding that many elements of her scandalous reputation stemmed from anti-Valois propaganda and from a factionalism capable of denigrating the participation of women in politics, created by Bourbon dynasty court historians in the 17th century.", "Q924229": "Evgeny Markovich Shvidler (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0440, born 23 March 1964), also Eugene Shvidler, is a Russian-American billionaire oil businessman. Although not often referred to as one of that country's prominent business oligarchs, as he became a US citizen in 1994, he nevertheless made his fortune during the privatization of Russian industry, and maintains a close connection to fellow oligarch Roman Abramovich and his circle. In 2008 Shvidler and Ambramovich purchased three houses in Snowmass Village, Colorado totaling over $62 million dollars in real estate.", "Q188971": "Jean-Baptiste Colbert (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303.ba.tist k\u0254l.b\u025b\u0281]; 29 August 1619 \u2013 6 September 1683) was a French politician who served as the Minister of Finances of France from 1661 to 1683 under the rule of King Louis XIV. \nColbert worked to develop the domestic economy by raising tariffs and by encouraging major public works projects, and to ensure that the French East India Company had access to foreign markets, so that they could always obtain coffee, cotton, dyewoods, fur, pepper and sugar. Colbert worked to create a favourable balance of trade and increase France's colonial holdings. As there was slavery in the colonies, Colbert also drafted the Code Noir which was to be promulgated two years after his death. In addition, Colbert founded the French merchant marine.\nColbert's market reforms included the foundation of the Manufacture royale de glaces de miroirs in 1665 to supplant the importation of Venetian glass (forbidden in 1672, as soon as the French glass manufacturing industry was on sound footing) and to encourage the technical expertise of Flemish cloth manufacturing in France. He also founded royal tapestry works at Gobelins and supported those at Beauvais. \nColbert issued more than 150 edicts to regulate the guilds. (One such law had the intention of improving the quality of cloth. The edict declared that if the authorities found a merchant's cloth unsatisfactory on three separate occasions, they were to tie him to a post with the cloth attached to him.)\n\n", "Q442525": "M\u00f3nica Randall (born 1942) is a Spanish film actress.Randall has made some 110 appearances in film and TV since 1963. She appeared in numerous Spaghetti Westerns in the 1960s in films such as One Hundred Thousand Dollars for Ringo and has made regular TV appearances since the 1970s.", "Q4128": "Louis Aragon (French: [lwi a\u0281a\u0261\u0254\u0303], pronunciation , 3 October 1897 \u2013 24 December 1982) was a French poet who was one of the leading voices of the surrealist movement in France. He co-founded with Andr\u00e9 Breton and Philippe Soupault the surrealist review Litt\u00e9rature. He was also a novelist and editor, a long-time member of the Communist Party and a member of the Acad\u00e9mie Goncourt.", "Q83174": "Eugenio Montale (Italian: [eu\u02c8d\u0292\u025b\u02d0njo mon\u02c8ta\u02d0le]; 12 October 1896 \u2013 12 September 1981) was an Italian poet, prose writer, editor and translator, and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature..", "Q7247941": "Professional Children's School is a not-for-profit, college preparatory school enrolling 200 students (mostly working or aspiring child actors or dancers) in grades 6-12. The school was founded in New York City in 1914 to provide an academic education to young people working on the New York stage, in Vaudeville, or \"on the road\".\n\n", "Q883082": "Cyanide poisoning is poisoning that results from exposure to a number of forms of cyanide. Early symptoms include headache, dizziness, fast heart rate, shortness of breath, and vomiting. This may then be followed by seizures, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, loss of consciousness, and cardiac arrest. Onset of symptoms is usually within a few minutes. If a person survives, there may be long-term neurological problems.Toxic cyanide-containing compounds include hydrogen cyanide gas and a number of cyanide salts. Poisoning is relatively common following breathing in smoke from a house fire. Other potential routes of exposure include workplaces involved in metal polishing, certain insecticides, the medication nitroprusside, and certain seeds such as those of apples and apricots. Liquid forms of cyanide can be absorbed through the skin. Cyanide ions interfere with cellular respiration, resulting in the body's tissues being unable to use oxygen.Diagnosis is often difficult. It may be suspected in a person following a house fire who has a decreased level of consciousness, low blood pressure, or high blood lactate. Blood levels of cyanide can be measured but take time. Levels of 0.5\u20131 mg/L are mild, 1\u20132 mg/L are moderate, 2\u20133 mg/L are severe, and greater than 3 mg/L generally result in death.If exposure is suspected, the person should be removed from the source of exposure and decontaminated. Treatment involves supportive care and giving the person 100% oxygen. Hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12a) appears to be useful as an antidote and is generally first-line. Sodium thiosulphate may also be given. Historically cyanide has been used for mass suicide and by Nazi Germany for genocide.\n\n", "Q246518": "Bruno Lopes (French pronunciation: \u200b[b\u0281yno l\u0254p\u025bz], Portuguese: [l\u0254p\u0268\u0283]; born 9 February 1966), better known as Kool Shen, is a French rapper, actor and producer, with Portuguese and Breton origins. He is also a break dancer and a graffiti artist. He is a co-founder of Supr\u00eame NTM and one of the major figures of French rap. He was featured on Enhancer's album Electrochoc in the song \"Hot\". On 8 November 2009 it was announced that he was the first ever rapper to have an album featured on a football shirt, when Lyon accepted the deal with BetClic. Lyon will wear the shirt once, against Marseille.", "Q860319": "Bilal Xhaferri (1935 \u2013 1986) was an Albanian writer and political dissident against the Albanian communist regime. He is seen as the representative poet of the Albanian Chameria.", "Q454347": "Anne Josephine Robinson (born 26 September 1944) is an English television presenter and journalist. She is known for her acerbic style of presenting and reality television shows. She presented the long-running British programme Points of View from (1987-1997) and was one of the presenters on the consumer affairs show Watchdog (1993-2001, 2009-2015). Robinson gained her highest profile as the host of the BBC game show The Weakest Link (2000-2012), a role she reprised on the American version of the show (2001 to 2002). She also presented a celebrity edition of the programme in aid of Children in Need in November 2017.", "Q10708": "Red Hot Chili Peppers (commonly abbreviated as RHCP) are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983. Their music incorporates elements of alternative rock, funk, punk rock and psychedelic rock. The band consists of vocalist Anthony Kiedis, guitarist John Frusciante, bassist Flea, and drummer Chad Smith. With over 80 million records sold worldwide, Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time. They are the most successful band in the history of alternative rock radio, with the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart. They have won six Grammy Awards, and in 2012 were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.\nRed Hot Chili Peppers were formed in Los Angeles by Kiedis, Flea, guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons. Because of commitments to other bands, Slovak and Irons did not play on the band's 1984 self-titled debut album; instead, the album featured Jack Sherman on guitar and Cliff Martinez on drums. However, Slovak rejoined shortly after its release and performed on the albums Freaky Styley (1985) and The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (1987), the latter of which saw a reunion of the original lineup. Slovak died of a drug overdose on June 25, 1988; Irons, devastated, left the band shortly afterwards.\nWith new recruits Frusciante and Smith, Red Hot Chili Peppers recorded Mother's Milk (1989) and their first major commercial success, Blood Sugar Sex Magik (1991). Frusciante was uncomfortable with their newfound popularity and left abruptly during the 1992 Blood Sugar Sex Magik tour. His replacement, Dave Navarro, played on the sixth Red Hot Chili Peppers album, One Hot Minute (1995). Although commercially successful, the album failed to match the critical or popular acclaim of Blood Sugar Sex Magik, selling less than half as many copies.\nIn 1998, following Navarro's dismissal, Frusciante returned to Red Hot Chili Peppers. The band's seventh album, Californication (1999), became their biggest commercial success, with 16 million copies sold worldwide. Their next albums, By the Way (2002) and Stadium Arcadium (2006), were also successful. After the Stadium Arcadium tour, Red Hot Chili Peppers went on an extended hiatus. Frusciante left again in 2009 to focus on his solo career; he was replaced by Josh Klinghoffer, who appeared on the albums I'm with You (2011) and The Getaway (2016) before Frusciante rejoined in 2019.", "Q313525": "Lionel Leo Hampton (April 20, 1908 \u2013 August 31, 2002) was an American jazz vibraphonist, pianist, percussionist, and bandleader. Hampton worked with jazz musicians from Teddy Wilson, Benny Goodman, and Buddy Rich to Charlie Parker, Charles Mingus, and Quincy Jones. In 1992, he was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame, and was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1996.", "Q231948": "Magda Szab\u00f3 (October 5, 1917 \u2013 November 19, 2007) was a Hungarian novelist. She also wrote dramas, essays, studies, memoirs, and poetry. She is the most translated Hungarian author, with publications in 42 countries and over 30 languages.", "Q737664": "Carlos Pe\u00f1a Romulo, (14 January 1898 \u2013 15 December 1985) was a Filipino diplomat, statesman, soldier, journalist and author. He was a reporter at 16, a newspaper editor by the age of 20, and a publisher at 32. He was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines, a general in the US Army and the Philippine Army, university president, President of the UN General Assembly, was eventually named one of the Philippines' National Artists in Literature, and was the recipient of many other honors and honorary degrees. He was born in Camiling, Tarlac and he studied at the Camiling Central Elementary School during his basic education.", "Q102484": "Reinhard Karl (3 November 1946 \u2013 19 May 1982) was a German mountaineer, photographer and writer.", "Q85505": "Edmund Germer (August 24, 1901 in Berlin \u2013 August 10, 1987) was a German inventor recognized as the father of the fluorescent lamp. He applied for a patent with Friedrich Meyer and Hans J. Spanner on December 10, 1926, which led to U.S. Patent 2,182,732. The patent was later purchased by the General Electric Company, which also licensed his patent on the high-pressure mercury-vapor lamp.\nThe idea of coating the tube of an arc lamp emitting in the ultraviolet with fluorescing powder to transform UV into visible light led to the realization of arc discharge emitters with spectral quality competing with incandescent emitters. Prior to that, the unpleasant color of the emitted light made these lamps unfit for daily use, despite their much higher efficiency.Germer was born in Berlin. His father was an accountant. He obtained a doctorate from the University of Berlin in lighting technology. He co-founded a company that worked on developing inert gas-glowin cathode rectifiers, and subsequently in the 1930s worked as an independent inventor for companies such as Osram and Philips. After World War II, He was invited by Engelhard Industries, Newark to continue his research.He and Hans Spanner were each awarded the Franklin Institute's Frank P. Brown Medal in 1954.", "Q2213516": "Wendi Deng Murdoch (simplified Chinese: \u9093\u6587\u8fea; traditional Chinese: \u9127\u6587\u8fea; pinyin: D\u00e8ng W\u00e9nd\u00ed) is a Chinese-born entrepreneur, investor, movie producer and collector of Chinese contemporary art. She was the third wife of News Corporation chairman and CEO Rupert Murdoch.\n\n", "Q1050": "Eswatini ( ESS-wah-TEE-nee; Swazi: eSwatini [\u025bsw\u00e1\u02c8t\u02bci\u02d0ni]), officially the Kingdom of Eswatini (Swazi: Umbuso weSwatini) and also known as Swaziland ( SWAH-zee-land; officially renamed in 2018), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Mozambique to its northeast and South Africa to its north, west, and south. At no more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) north to south and 130 kilometres (81 mi) east to west, Eswatini is one of the smallest countries in Africa; despite this, its climate and topography are diverse, ranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld.\nThe population is composed primarily of ethnic Swazis. The language is Swazi (siSwati in native form). The Swazis established their kingdom in the mid-18th century under the leadership of Ngwane III. The country and the Swazi take their names from Mswati II, the 19th-century king under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and unified; the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881 in the midst of the Scramble for Africa. After the Second Boer War, the kingdom, under the name of Swaziland, was a British protectorate from 1903 until it regained its independence on 6 September 1968. In April 2018, the official name was changed from Kingdom of Swaziland to Kingdom of Eswatini, mirroring the name commonly used in Swazi.The government is an absolute monarchy, ruled by King Mswati III since 1986. Elections are held every five years to determine the House of Assembly and the Senate majority. The current constitution was adopted in 2005. Umhlanga, the reed dance held in August/September, and incwala, the kingship dance held in December/January, are the nation's most important events.Eswatini is a developing country with a small economy. With a GDP per capita of $4,145.97, it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income. As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa; in order to ensure economic stability, Eswatini's currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand. Eswatini's major overseas trading partners are the United States and the European Union. The majority of the country's employment is provided by its agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Eswatini is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations.\nThe Swazi population faces major health issues: HIV/AIDS and (to a lesser extent) tuberculosis are widespread. It is estimated that 26% of the adult population is HIV-positive. As of 2018, Eswatini has the 12th-lowest life expectancy in the world, at 58 years. The population of Eswatini is young, with a median age of 20.5 years and people aged 14 years or younger constituting 37.5% of the country's total population. The present population growth rate is 1.2%.", "Q337493": "Richard Whittington (c. 1354\u20131423) of the parish of St Michael Paternoster Royal, City of London, was an English merchant and a politician of the late medieval period. He is also the real-life inspiration for the English folk tale Dick Whittington and His Cat. He was four times Lord Mayor of London, a member of parliament and a sheriff of London. In his lifetime he financed a number of public projects, such as drainage systems in poor areas of medieval London, and a hospital ward for unmarried mothers. He bequeathed his fortune to form the Charity of Sir Richard Whittington which, nearly 600 years later, continues to assist people in need.", "Q139412": "Zachariah Keodirelang \"ZK\" Matthews (20 October 1901 \u2013 11 May 1968) was a prominent black academic in South Africa, lecturing at South African Native College (renamed University of Fort Hare in 1955), where many future leaders of the African continent were among his students.", "Q136721": "Zabdiel Sampson (August 22, 1781 \u2013 July 19, 1828) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.", "Q213257": "Emilia Rose Elizabeth Fox (born 31 July 1974) is an English actress and presenter whose film debut was in Roman Polanski's film The Pianist. Her other notable films include the Italian\u2013French\u2013British romance-drama film The Soul Keeper (2002), for which she won the Flaiano Film Award for Best Actress; the drama film The Republic of Love (2003); the comedy-drama film Things to Do Before You're 30 (2005); the black comedy Keeping Mum (2005); the romantic comedy-drama film Cashback (2006); the drama Flashbacks of a Fool (2008); the drama film Ways to live Forever (2010); the drama-thriller A Thousand Kisses Deep (2011); and the fantasy-horror drama film Dorian Gray (2009).\nFox's television roles include the BBC drama Pride and Prejudice (1995), the PBS British/German television serial Rebecca (1997), ITV Granada's Henry VIII (2003), BBC's Gunpowder, Treason & Plot (2004), the 2005 BBC miniseries The Virgin Queen (2005) and the ITV crime drama series Fallen Angel (2007). She also appeared as Morgause in the BBC's Merlin, beginning in the programme's second series. Fox also starred in Delicious (2016). She stars as Dr. Nikki Alexander on BBC crime drama Silent Witness, having joined the cast in 2004 following the departure of Amanda Burton. Fox is the longest serving cast member since the departures of Tom Ward in 2012 and William Gaminara in 2013. Fox has currently played the role of Nikki for 16 years. \nIn Britain, Fox has performed in plays with high-profile actors such as Les Liaisons Dangereuses with Jared Harris and Coriolanus with Ralph Fiennes.", "Q65397": "Elisabeth Schwarzhaupt (7 January 1901, Frankfurt am Main \u2013 30 October 1986) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union. She was Federal Minister of Health in the German Cabinet from 1961 to 1966, the first woman to hold a Ministerial position in Germany.", "Q129601": "An American Carol (released as Big Fat Important Movie in other territories) is a 2008 American satirical comedy film directed by David Zucker, written by Zucker, Myrna Sokoloff and Lewis Friedman, and starring Kevin Farley alongside an Conservative ensemble supporting cast, including Kelsey Grammer, Jon Voight, Robert Davi, Trace Adkins, Jillian Murray, Dennis Hopper and Leslie Nielsen.Presented from a conservative-leaning perspective, the film is a parody of liberal filmmaker Michael Moore as well as his editorial documentaries that satirises Hollywood and American culture. It uses the framework of Charles Dickens' 1843 novella A Christmas Carol, but moves the setting of the story from Christmas to Independence Day. The film was theatrically released on October 3, 2008, by Vivendi Entertainment, to commercial and critical failure.", "Q336955": "Francesco Carotta (born 1946 in Veneto, Italy) is an Italian writer who developed a theory that the historical Jesus was based on the life of Julius Caesar, that the Gospels were a rewriting of Roman historical sources, and that Christianity developed from the cult of the deified Caesar. This theory is generally ignored in academic circles.", "Q483379": "Gwen Ren\u00e9e Stefani (; born October 3, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer. She is a co-founder and the lead vocalist of the band No Doubt, whose singles include \"Just a Girl\", \"Spiderwebs\", and \"Don't Speak\", from their 1995 breakthrough studio album Tragic Kingdom, as well as \"Hey Baby\" and \"It's My Life\" from later albums.\nDuring the band's hiatus, Stefani embarked on a solo pop career in 2004 by releasing her debut studio album Love. Angel. Music. Baby. Inspired by pop music from the 1980s, the album was a critical and commercial success. It spawned six singles, including \"What You Waiting For?\", \"Rich Girl\", \"Hollaback Girl\", and \"Cool\". \"Hollaback Girl\" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart while also becoming the first US download to sell one million copies. In 2006, Stefani released her second studio album, The Sweet Escape. Among the singles were \"Wind It Up\" and \"The Sweet Escape\", the latter of which was number three on the Billboard Hot 100 year-end chart of 2007. Her third solo album, This Is What the Truth Feels Like (2016), was her first solo album to reach number one on the Billboard 200 chart.\nStefani has won three Grammy Awards. As a solo artist, she has received an American Music Award, Brit Award, World Music Award, and two Billboard Music Awards. In 2003, she debuted her clothing line L.A.M.B. and expanded her collection with the 2005 Harajuku Lovers line, inspired by Japanese culture and fashion. During this time Stefani performed and made public appearances with four back-up dancers known as the Harajuku Girls. She was married to British musician Gavin Rossdale from 2002 to 2016 and they have three sons. Billboard magazine ranked Stefani the 54th most successful artist and 37th most successful Hot 100 artist of the 2000\u20132009 decade. VH1 ranked her 13th on their \"100 Greatest Women in Music\" list in 2012. Including her work with No Doubt, Stefani has sold more than 30 million albums worldwide.", "Q72833": "Friedrich Christian Delius (born 13 February 1943) is an acclaimed German writer.He was born in Rome and grew up in Wehrda (since 1971 among the constituent communities of Haunetal) and Korbach in the state of Hesse. He studied German literature at the Free University and the Technical University in Berlin. He graduated in 1970 and went to work in publishing. Between 1970 and 1978, he worked at the publishing firms Klaus Wagenbach and Rotbuch.\nHe has published more than a dozen novels and a number of poetry collections. His work has been translated into seventeen languages. He has won numerous German literary prizes including the Joseph Breitbach Prize, the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize, and the Critics Prize. He is a member of the Freie Akademie der K\u00fcnste Hamburg, the Deutsche Akademie f\u00fcr Sprache und Dichtung and the Academy of Arts, Berlin.\nSince the late 1970s, he has divided his time between Berlin and Rome.", "Q8712": "London Luton Airport (IATA: LTN, ICAO: EGGW), previously called Luton International Airport, is an international airport located 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Luton town centre in the county of Bedfordshire, England, and is 28 miles (45 km) north of Central London. The airport is owned by London Luton Airport Ltd (LLAL), a company wholly owned by Luton Borough Council, and operated by London Luton Airport Operations Ltd (LLAOL).An airport was opened on the site on 16 July 1938. During the Second World War, the airport was used by fighters of Royal Air Force. Commercial activity and general aviation flight training at Luton resumed during 1952. By the 1960s, Luton Airport was playing a key role in the development of the package holiday business; by 1969, a fifth of all holiday flights from the UK departed from Luton Airport. From the mid-1960s, executive aircraft have been based at the airport. During the late 1970s, an expansion plan was initiated at Luton to accommodate as many as 5 million passengers per year, although the airport experienced a reduction in passenger numbers in the 1980s. In 1990, the airport was renamed London Luton Airport to re-emphasise the airport's proximity to the capital. \nThe arrival of new operators at Luton during 1990s, such as charter operator MyTravel Group and new low-cost scheduled flights from Debonair and EasyJet, contributed to a rapid increase in passenger numbers that made it the fastest growing major airport in the UK. In August 1997, to fund an \u00a380 million extension of the airport, a 30-year concession contract was issued to a public-private partnership consortium, London Luton Airport Operations Limited. Throughout the 1990s, \u00a330 million was invested in Luton's infrastructure and facilities. In November 1999, a new \u00a340 million terminal was opened by Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip; the new building houses 60 check-in desks, baggage and flight information systems and a range of commercial outlets. During 2004/5, the departure and arrivals lounges and other facilities were redeveloped at a cost of \u00a338 million.\nIn 2018, over 16.5 million passengers passed through the airport, a record total for Luton making it the fifth \nbusiest airport in the UK. It is the fourth-largest airport serving the London area after Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted, and is one of London's six international airports along with London City and Southend. The airport serves as a base for EasyJet, TUI Airways, Ryanair and Wizz Air and previously served as a base for Monarch Airlines until it ceased operations in October 2017. The vast majority of the routes served are within Europe, although there are some charter and scheduled routes to destinations in Northern Africa and Asia. \nThe airport is two miles from Junction 10 of the M1 motorway. Trains between St Pancras station in Central London and Luton Airport Parkway railway station take 24 minutes on the fastest train and an average of 40 minutes. There is a 10-minute shuttle-bus between the railway station and the airport terminal; it is scheduled to be replaced by the Luton DART automated people mover by 2021.", "Q7421": "Kathryn Uhrich (born 1965) is Dean of the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, at The University of California, Riverside, and founder of Polymerix Corporation.", "Q179036": "The Catholic University of America (CUA) is a private Catholic university in Washington, D.C. It is a pontifical university of the Catholic Church in the United States and the only institution of higher education founded by the U.S. Catholic bishops. Established in 1887 as a graduate and research center following approval by Pope Leo XIII on Easter Sunday, the university began offering undergraduate education in 1904. The university's campus lies within the Brookland neighborhood, known as \"Little Rome\", which contains 60 Catholic institutions, including Trinity Washington University, the Dominican House of Studies, and Archbishop Carroll High School, as well as the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception.\nIt has been ranked as one of the nation's best colleges by the Princeton Review, one of the best values of any private school in the country by Kiplinger's, \"one of the most eco-friendly universities in the country\", and was awarded the \"highest federal recognition an institution can receive\" for community service. In addition, it was ranked in the top 10 of the best Catholic colleges in the country, and has been recommended by the Cardinal Newman Society in The Newman Guide to Choosing a Catholic College. It was described as one of the 25 most underrated colleges in the United States.CUA's programs emphasize the liberal arts, professional education, and personal development. The school stays closely connected with the Catholic Church and Catholic organizations. The American Cardinals Dinner is put on by the residential U.S. cardinals each year to raise scholarship funds for CUA. The university has a long history of working with the Knights of Columbus; the university's law school and basilica have dedications to the involvement and support of the Knights.", "Q940963": "Eug\u00e8ne Jules Houdry (Domont, France, April 18, 1892 \u2013 Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, July 18, 1962) was a mechanical engineer who graduated from \u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure d'Arts et M\u00e9tiers in 1911. \nHoudry served as a lieutenant in a tank company in the French Army during World War One, receiving the French Legion of Honour. \nHe invented catalytic cracking of petroleum feed stocks, for which he \nreceived the Perkin Medal among others.", "Q205435": "William George Zane Jr. (born February 24, 1966) is an American actor. He played antagonist Caledon Hockley in the epic romantic disaster film Titanic (1997). His other films include Back to the Future (1985) and its sequel Back to the Future Part II (1989), Dead Calm (1989), the television series Twin Peaks (1991), Tombstone (1993), Demon Knight (1995), The Phantom (1996) and the video game Kingdom Hearts (2002).", "Q446743": "Julian Klaczko (6 November 1825, Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius) \u2013 26 November 1906, Krak\u00f3w) was a Polish author, proficient in Hebrew, Polish, French, and German.He was born Jehuda Lejb into a wealthy Jewish family. At the age of 17 he published a book of Hebrew poetry called \"Duda'im\"(\u05d3\u05d5\u05d3\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd), as well as translating Polish literary works into Hebrew.\nHe studied in Wilno and K\u00f6nigsberg (Kr\u00f3lewiec), his interests including Philosophy, History and Literature. In 1847, he earned a PhD (doctorate work De rebus Franco-Gallicis saeculi XV). He then moved to Heidelberg, and published in the liberal Deutsche Zeitung.\nAfter the failure of the Pozna\u0144 uprising (1848) he emigrated to France where he lived for the following 20 years. In Paris he changed his name and converted to Roman Catholic Christianity (1856), after his father's death. He was a co-editor of Wiadomo\u015bci Polskie, and published in Revue de Paris, Revue Contemporaine, and Revue des Deux Mondes (since 1862).\nKlaczko was a politician who co-operated with the liberal-aristocratic Hotel Lambert faction of Polish exiles (leader \u2013 prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski). As a Polish Nationalist, he expressed an outspoken resentment and hatred of Russia and Prussia for their share in the Partition of Poland, but had a more positive attitude towards Austro-Hungaria, with its relatively more tolerant policies towards the Poles under its rule.\nIn 1869 he moved to Vienna, and was in 1870 elected Privy Cancillor (\"Hofrat\") at the Foreign Affairs Ministry of Austria\u2013Hungary. He was also a member of the Galician Parliament (1870\u201371) and later of the Imperial Parliament, the Reichsrat. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 he agitated intensely for an Austro-Hungarian intervention on the French side. For these (unsuccessful) efforts, Bismark called him \"A Jewish agent of France\".\nIn the 1870s he lived for some years in Italy. Also when moving to Krak\u00f3w, where he spent his last years, he was involved in researching on Italian literature and art. He is buried at Rakowicki Cemetery in Krak\u00f3w.", "Q1848684": "Xabier Iriondo (Milan, February 1971) is an Italian guitarist.\nHe was born in Isola neighborhood in Milan in 1971, Basque father and Italian mother. At the age of 17 he started to play the guitar. This passion for the strings still accompanies him. Between 1992 and 2001 he collaborated on five albums and hundreds of concerts with the alternative rock band Afterhours, 3 albums with the indie rock band Six Minute War Madness and 3 albums + 2 miniCD with the project A Short Apnea.\nFrom 2005 to 2010 opens in Milan \"Soundmetak\", a shop / lab where he sells musical instruments and organizes special musical performances. Since 2010 he restarted to collaborate with the group Afterhours.", "Q100293": "Peer Eugen Georg Schmidt (11 March 1926; Erfurt, Weimar Germany \u2013 8 May 2010; Berlin) was a German actor and voice actor. He is best known as the German voice of G\u00e9rard Philipe, Marlon Brando and Jean-Paul Belmondo.", "Q87312": "Philipp Moog (born August 29, 1961 in Munich, Germany) is a German television actor, author and voice actor. He is the German voice of Neil Patrick Harris, Ewan McGregor and Owen Wilson.", "Q1332922": "Elmer Gill (February 17, 1926, Indianapolis - May 28, 2004, Vancouver, BC) was an American jazz pianist, vibraphonist, and singer.\nGill was stationed in France during World War II and studied there at the Dijon Conservatory. After the war he studied at the University of Washington and led his own group called the Question Marks in Seattle. He toured North America with Lionel Hampton in 1952-1953 and continued playing with his own groups for decades. Among those he worked with were David Friesen, Frank Rosolino, Carl Fontana, and Eddie \"Lockjaw\" Davis. By the 1980s Gill was based in Vancouver, British Columbia, though he still regularly played in the Pacific Northwest of the United States; he also toured Europe and Japan several times. In the late 1980s his touring trio included his son Donald on drums and Kohji Yohyama on bass.", "Q485708": "Duluth (listen) is a port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Saint Louis County. Duluth has a population of 85,884 and is Minnesota's fourth-largest city. It is the second-largest city on Lake Superior, after Thunder Bay, Ontario. It has the largest metropolitan area on the lake, with a population of 279,771 in 2010, the second-largest in the state.\nSituated on the north shore of Lake Superior at the westernmost point of the Great Lakes, Duluth is accessible to oceangoing vessels from the Atlantic Ocean 2,300 miles (3,700 km) away via the Great Lakes Waterway and the Saint Lawrence Seaway.Duluth forms a metropolitan area with neighboring Superior, Wisconsin; together they are called the Twin Ports. The cities share the Duluth\u2013Superior harbor and together are the Great Lakes' largest port, transporting coal, iron ore (taconite), and grain.\nA tourist destination for the Midwest, Duluth features the United States' only all-freshwater aquarium, the Great Lakes Aquarium; the Aerial Lift Bridge, which sits adjacent to Canal Park and spans the Duluth Ship Canal into the Duluth\u2013Superior harbor; and Minnesota Point (known locally as Park Point), the world's longest freshwater baymouth bar, spanning 6 miles (10 km). The city is also the starting point for vehicle trips along Minnesota's North Shore.\nThe city is named for Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, the first known European explorer of the area.", "Q1391723": "Naguib Onsi Sawiris (or Sawires; Coptic: \u2c9b\u2c81\u2c85\u2c8f\u2c83 \u2c9f\u2c9b\u2ca5\u2c93 \u2ca5\u2c89\u2ca9\u2c8f\u2ca3\u2c9f\u2ca5; Egyptian Arabic: \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u064f\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633\u200e, IPA: [n\u00e6\u02c8\u0261i\u02d0b \u02c8\u0294onsi s\u00e6\u02c8wi\u02d0\u027e\u026as, -i\u02d0\u027ees]; born 17 June 1954) is an Egyptian billionaire businessman. Sawiris is chairman of Weather Investments's parent company, and chairman of Orascom Telecom Media and Technology Holding S.A.E.", "Q87474": "Anton Reinthaller (14 April 1895 \u2013 6 March 1958) was an Austrian right-wing politician active before and after the Second World War. After a career in Nazi Germany as an SS-Brigadef\u00fchrer and member of the Nazi Reichstag, he was the inaugural leader of the Freedom Party of Austria (FP\u00d6).\n\n", "Q1323191": "A costume designer is a person who designs costumes for a film, stage production or television show. The role of the costume designer is to create the characters' outfits/costumes and balance the scenes with texture and colour, etc. The costume designer works alongside the director, scenic, lighting designer, sound designer, and other creative personnel. The costume designer may also collaborate with hair stylist, wig master, or makeup artist. In European theatre, the role is different, as the theatre designer usually designs both costume and scenic elements.\nDesigners typically seek to enhance a character's personality, and to create an evolving plot of color, changing social status, or period through the visual design of garments and accessories. They may distort or enhance the body\u2014within the boundaries of the director's vision. The designer must ensure that the designs let the actor move as the role requires. The actor must execute the director's blocking of the production without damaging the garments. Garments must be durable and washable, especially for plays with extended runs or films with near-real time pacing (meaning that most costumes will not change between scenes) but whose principal photography phase may stretch across several weeks. The designer must consult not only with the director, but the set and lighting designers to ensure that all elements of the overall production design work together. The designer must possess strong artistic capabilities and a thorough knowledge of pattern development, draping, drafting, textiles and fashion history. The designer must understand historical costuming, and the movement style and poise that period dress may require.", "Q130436": "The history of Japan covers Japan and its relation to the world. It is characterized by isolationistic, semi-open and expansionistic periods.\nThe very first human habitation in the Japanese archipelago has been traced to prehistoric times around 30,000 BC. The J\u014dmon period, named after its cord-marked pottery, was followed by the Yayoi in the first millennium BC when new technologies were introduced from continental Asia. During this period, the first known written reference to Japan was recorded in the Chinese Book of Han in the first century AD.\nBetween the fourth century and the ninth century, Japan's many kingdoms and tribes gradually came to be unified under a centralized government, nominally controlled by the Emperor (sometimes Empress). This imperial dynasty continues to reign over Japan. In 794, a new imperial capital was established at Heian-ky\u014d (modern Kyoto), marking the beginning of the Heian period, which lasted until 1185. The Heian period is considered a golden age of classical Japanese culture. Japanese religious life from this time and onwards was a mix of native Shinto practices and Buddhism.\nOver the following centuries, the power of the Emperor and the imperial court gradually declined, passing first to great clans of civilian aristocrats \u2013 most notably the Fujiwara \u2013 and then to the military clans and their armies of samurai. The Minamoto clan under Minamoto no Yoritomo emerged victorious from the Genpei War of 1180\u201385, defeating their rival military clan, the Taira. After seizing power, Yoritomo set up his capital in Kamakura and took the title of sh\u014dgun. In 1274 and 1281, the Kamakura shogunate withstood two Mongol invasions, but in 1333 it was toppled by a rival claimant to the shogunate, ushering in the Muromachi period. During the Muromachi period regional warlords called daimy\u014ds grew in power at the expense of the sh\u014dgun. Eventually, Japan descended into a period of civil war. Over the course of the late sixteenth century, Japan was reunified under the leadership of the prominent daimy\u014d Oda Nobunaga and his successor Toyotomi Hideyoshi. After Hideyoshi's death in 1598, Tokugawa Ieyasu came to power and was appointed sh\u014dgun by the Emperor. The Tokugawa shogunate, which governed from Edo (modern Tokyo), presided over a prosperous and peaceful era known as the Edo period (1600\u20131868). The Tokugawa shogunate imposed a strict class system on Japanese society and cut off almost all contact with the outside world. Under Emperor K\u014dkaku and the retired Empress Go-Sakuramachi, in late 18th and early 19th centuries, the shogunate started to lose its previous positions of power.\nPortugal and Japan started their first affiliation in 1543, when the Portuguese became the first Europeans to reach Japan by landing in the southern archipelago. They had a significant impact on Japan, even in this initial limited interaction, introducing firearms to Japanese warfare. The Netherlands was the first to establish trade relations with Japan, Japanese and Dutch relations are dating back to 1609. The American Perry Expedition in 1853\u201354 more completely ended Japan's seclusion; this contributed to the fall of the shogunate and the return of power to the Emperor during the Boshin War in 1868. The new national leadership of the following Meiji period transformed the isolated feudal island country into an empire that closely followed Western models and became a great power. Although democracy developed and modern civilian culture prospered during the Taish\u014d period (1912\u201326), Japan's powerful military had great autonomy and overruled Japan's civilian leaders in the 1920s and 1930s. The military invaded Manchuria in 1931, and from 1937 the conflict escalated into a prolonged war with China. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 led to war with the United States and its allies. Japan's forces soon became overextended, but the military held out in spite of Allied air attacks that inflicted severe damage on population centers. Emperor Hirohito announced Japan's unconditional surrender on August 15, 1945, following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria.\nThe Allies occupied Japan until 1952, during which a new constitution was enacted in 1947 that transformed Japan into a constitutional monarchy. After 1955, Japan enjoyed very high economic growth, and became a world economic powerhouse. Since the 1990s, the Lost Decade had been a major issue, such as the 1995 Great Kobe-Osaka earthquake and Tokyo subway sarin attack. In 2004, Japan sent a military force as part of the international coalition forces during the Iraq War.\nOn Friday, March 11, 2011, at 2:46 p.m. (UTC+9), Japan suffered from a powerful magnitude 9.0 earthquake and tsunami, one of the most powerful earthquakes recorded. The earthquake killed almost 20,000 people, affected places in the three regions of Tohoku, Chubu, and Kanto in the northeast of Honshu, including the Tokyo area, had massive economic ramifications, and caused the serious Fukushima nuclear power disaster.", "Q320851": "John Charles Walsham Reith, 1st Baron Reith, (; 20 July 1889 \u2013 16 June 1971) was a Scottish broadcasting executive who established the tradition of independent public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom. In 1922 he was employed by the BBC (British Broadcasting Company Ltd.) as its general manager; in 1923 he became its managing director and in 1927 he was employed as the Director-General of the British Broadcasting Corporation created under a Royal Charter. His concept of broadcasting as a way of educating the masses marked for a long time the BBC and similar organisations around the world. An engineer by trade, and standing at 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 m) tall, he was a larger than life figure who was a pioneer in his field.", "Q7347": "The Great Lakes (French: les Grands Lacs), or the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes in the upper mid-east part of North America, on the Canada\u2013United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. They comprise Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. Hydrologically, there are only four lakes, because Lakes Michigan and Huron join at the Straits of Mackinac. The lakes form the Great Lakes Waterway.\nThe Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second-largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km2), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km3), slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal (5,666 cu mi or 23,615 km3, 22\u201323% of the world's surface fresh water). Due to their sea-like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as inland seas. Lake Superior is the second-largest lake in the world by area, and the largest freshwater lake by surface area. Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country.The Great Lakes began to form at the end of the last glacial period around 14,000 years ago, as retreating ice sheets exposed the basins they had carved into the land which then filled with meltwater. The lakes have been a major source for transportation, migration, trade, and fishing, serving as a habitat to many aquatic species in a region with much biodiversity.\nThe surrounding region is called the Great Lakes region, which includes the Great Lakes Megalopolis.", "Q358732": "Doug Aldrich (born February 19, 1964) is a Los Angeles-based hard rock guitarist. He founded the band Burning Rain with Keith St. John in 1998 and has played previously with the bands Whitesnake, Dio, Lion, Hurricane, House of Lords, Bad Moon Rising and Revolution Saints. He is currently in the band The Dead Daisies. He has also released several solo albums. In 2015, Doug was touring as guitar player of former Deep Purple bassist and vocalist Glenn Hughes band. In early 2016 it was announced that he would be replacing Richard Fortus as guitarist of The Dead Daisies, as Fortus is leaving that band to perform with the Guns N' Roses reunion.", "Q471851": "James Rupert Jacob Murdoch (born 13 December 1972) is a British-American businessman, the younger son of media mogul Rupert Murdoch, and was the chief executive officer (CEO) of 21st Century Fox from 2015 to 2019.He was the chairman and CEO for Europe and Asia of News Corporation until 2013 when it was split into News Corp and 21st Century Fox. He sits on the News Corp board of directors and is a member of the office of the chairman.Until April 2012, he was the chairman and CEO of Sky plc, Europe and Asia, where he oversaw assets such as News International (British newspapers; publisher of The News of the World newspaper), Sky Italia (satellite television in Italy), Sky Deutschland, and STAR TV (satellite television in Asia).\nHe was executive chairman of News International from 2007 until February 2012. He previously held a non-executive chair at British Sky Broadcasting, in which News Corp has a controlling minority stake. In April 2012, he was forced to resign as chairman of BSkyB in the wake of the ongoing phone hacking scandal, in which he was implicated. He was reappointed chairman of the company following its merger with its Italian and German sister companies to form Sky plc.\nHe was formerly an executive vice-president of News Corporation (the controlling shareholder of BSkyB) and served on the board of directors of News Datacom and of News Corporation.In May 2012, a highly critical UK Parliamentary report said that Murdoch \"showed wilful ignorance of the extent of phone-hacking\" and found him \"guilty of an astonishing lack of curiosity\" over the issue. It went on to say that both Murdoch and his father, Rupert, \"should ultimately be prepared to take responsibility\" for wrongdoing at the News of the World and News International.Murdoch is a British citizen by birth and a naturalised US citizen. He lost Australian citizenship when his father became a US citizen, but he is eligible to reclaim it.", "Q956867": "Sir Michael Murray Hordern, CBE (3 October 1911 \u2013 2 May 1995) was an English stage and film actor whose career spanned nearly 60 years. He is best known for his Shakespearean roles, especially that of King Lear, which he played to much acclaim on stage in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1969 and London in 1970. He then successfully assumed the role on television five years later. He often appeared in film, rising from a bit part actor in the late 1930s to a member of the main cast; by the time of his death he had appeared in nearly 140 cinema roles. His later work was predominantly in television and radio.\nBorn in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, into a family with no theatrical connections, Hordern was educated at Windlesham House School where he became interested in drama. He went on to Brighton College where his interest in the theatre developed. After leaving the college he joined an amateur dramatics company, and came to the notice of several influential Shakespearean directors who cast him in minor roles in Othello and Macbeth. During the Second World War he served on HMS Illustrious where he reached the rank of lieutenant commander. Upon his demobilisation he resumed his acting career and made his television debut, becoming a reliable bit-part actor in many films, particularly in the war film genre.\nHordern came to prominence in the early 1950s when he took part in a theatrical competition at the Arts Theatre in London. There, he impressed Glen Byam Shaw who secured the actor a season-long contract at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre where he played major parts, including Caliban in The Tempest, Jaques in As You Like It, and Sir Politick Would-Be in Ben Jonson's comedy Volpone. The following season Hordern joined Michael Benthall's company at the Old Vic where, among other parts, he played Polonius in Hamlet, and the title role in King John. In 1957 he won a best actor award at that year's British Academy Television Awards for his role as the barrister in John Mortimer's courtroom drama The Dock Brief. Along with his theatrical responsibilities Hordern had regular supporting roles in various films including Cleopatra (1963), and A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1966).\nIn the late 1960s Hordern met the British theatre director Jonathan Miller, who cast him in Whistle and I'll Come to You, which was recorded for television and received wide praise. Hordern's next major play was Jumpers which appeared at the Royal National Theatre at the start of 1972. His performance was praised by critics and he reprised the role four years later. His television commitments increased towards the end of his life. His credits include Paradise Postponed, the BAFTA award-winning Memento Mori, and the BBC adaptation of Middlemarch. He was appointed a CBE in 1972 and was knighted eleven years later. Hordern suffered from kidney disease during the 1990s and died from it in 1995 at the age of 83.\n\n", "Q131728": "Impact Wrestling (stylized as IMPACT! Wrestling) is an American professional wrestling promotion founded in Nashville, Tennessee. The promotion operates via its parent company Anthem Wrestling Exhibitions, LLC, a subsidiary of Anthem Sports & Entertainment.Founded by Jeff and Jerry Jarrett in 2002, the promotion was initially known as NWA: Total Nonstop Action (NWA-TNA) and was associated with the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), though not actually a member of that governing body. In 2004, the promotion became known as Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), but it continued to use the NWA World Heavyweight and Tag Team championships as part of its agreement with the NWA. After the agreement ended in 2007, the company created its own TNA World Heavyweight and TNA World Tag Team championships. The promotion was purchased by Anthem at the beginning of 2017 and, in March of that year, was fully rebranded under its current name after its main television series.\nFrom its inception, the promotion had been considered the second-largest in the United States behind WWE. Impact was viewed by some to have fallen behind longtime rival Ring of Honor in 2017, with the loss of their U.S. television contract with Spike in 2014, as well as monetary and personnel issues, being noted as factors to their decline. Since 2019, however, Impact has been thought by many to have recovered, through its sustained international television distribution, and the purchase by its parent company of AXS TV, which subsequently began carrying Impact programming. Though, with the formation of All Elite Wrestling (AEW) that year, and that promotion's high-profile U.S television deal with TNT (which is seen in more households than AXS), Impact is still viewed as a smaller promotion by comparison.", "Q64937": "Leggia is a former municipality in the district of Moesa in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Leggia and Verdabbio merged into the municipality of Grono.", "Q89459": "Kurt Landau (January 29, 1903 \u2013 on or shortly after September 23, 1937. Pseudonyms Agricola, Wolf Bertram, Spectator) was an Austrian communist, member of the International Left Opposition, author, and Trotskyist. He was murdered by agents of Stalin's NKVD during the Spanish Civil War.", "Q300559": "A Single Man is a 2009 American drama film based on the novel of the same name by Christopher Isherwood. The directorial debut of fashion designer Tom Ford, the film stars Colin Firth, who was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of George Falconer, a depressed, homosexual British university professor living in Southern California in 1962.\nThe film premiered on September 11, 2009 at the 66th Venice International Film Festival, and went on the film festival circuit. After it screened at the 34th Toronto International Film Festival, The Weinstein Company picked it up for distribution in the United States and Germany. An initial limited run in the United States commenced on December 11, 2009, to qualify it for the 82nd Academy Awards with a wider release in early 2010.\n\n", "Q116397": "Paul Burkhard (21 December 1911, Z\u00fcrich \u2013 6 September 1977, Zell) was a Swiss composer. He primarily wrote oratorios, musicals and operettas. The contemporaneous and similarly named Swiss composer Willy Burkhard was no relation to him.\nProbably his most famous artistic creation was the song \"O mein Papa\" (\"Oh! My Pa-Pa\") about the death of a beloved clown-father, written for the musical Der schwarze Hecht (re-issued in 1950 as Das Feuerwerk) that premiered in April 1939. The song rose to #1 on the Sheet Music Chart and stayed in the chart for 26 weeks. The song has been performed and recorded by numerous artists since then, including Alan Breeze, Billy Cotton, Billy Vaughn, Connie Francis, Diana Decker, Eddie Calvert, Eddie Fisher, The Everly Brothers, Harry James, Lys Assia, Ray Anthony & his Orchestra, Russ Morgan & his Orchestra, and many others.", "Q179988": "Nicole Sinclaire (born 26 July 1968) is a British politician and former leader of the We Demand a Referendum Party who served as a Member of the European Parliament for the West Midlands from 2009 to 2014.She was elected MEP in June 2009, as a UK Independence Party candidate but later resigned from the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group in which UKIP sat as a part in the European Parliament, citing the alleged extreme right-wing views of some of the group's members, including outspoken views condemning homosexuals and migrants. Subsequently, Sinclaire sat as an Independent MEP from January 2010 until September 2012, during which time she set up the We Demand a Referendum party. She was defeated in the 2014 elections, saying in a statement on her website: \"my employers have spoken, and it would seem I have been unsuccessful in my attempt to be re-elected as an MEP for the West Midlands region.\"Sinclaire was the first ever trans British parliamentarian.\n\n", "Q40881": "Carson City, officially the Consolidated Municipality of Carson City, is an independent city in and the capital of the U.S. state of Nevada, named after the mountain man Kit Carson. As of the 2010 census, the population was 55,274, making it the sixth largest city in Nevada. The majority of the town's population lives in Eagle Valley, on the eastern edge of the Carson Range, a branch of the Sierra Nevada, about 30 miles (50 km) south of Reno.\nThe town began as a stopover for California-bound emigrants, but developed into a city with the Comstock Lode, a silver strike in the mountains to the northeast. The city has served as Nevada's capital since statehood in 1864; for much of its history it was a hub for the Virginia and Truckee Railroad, although the tracks were removed in 1950. Before 1969, Carson City was the county seat of Ormsby County. The county was abolished that year, and its territory merged with Carson City. With the consolidation, the city limits extend west across the Sierra Nevada to the California state line in the middle of Lake Tahoe. Like other independent cities in the United States, it is treated as a county-equivalent for census purposes.", "Q51754": "Elias Boudinot (born Gallegina Uwati [\u13a6\u13b4\u13a9\u13be \u13a4\u13e9\u13d8], also known as Buck Watie) (1802 \u2013 June 22, 1839) was a writer, newspaper editor, and leader of the Cherokee Nation. He was a member of a prominent family, and was born and grew up in present-day Georgia. His Cherokee name reportedly means either 'male deer' or 'turkey.' Born to parents of mixed Cherokee and European ancestry and educated at a missionary school in Connecticut, he became one of several leaders who believed that acculturation was critical to Cherokee survival; he was influential in the period of removal to Indian Territory.\nIn 1826, Boudinot had married Harriet R. Gold, the daughter of a prominent New England family in Cornwall, Connecticut. He met her while a student at the Foreign Mission School in town. Following his cousin John Ridge's marriage to a local woman there in 1825, Boudinot's marriage was controversial and opposed by many townspeople. The Cherokee National Council had passed a law in 1825 enabling the descendants of Cherokee fathers and white mothers to be full citizens of the Cherokee. (Formerly they had no official place in the matrilineal tribe, as children belong to their mother's clan and people.) The Boudinots returned to Georgia to live at New Echota. They reared their six children as Cherokee.\nBoudinot believed that removal was inevitable. He and other treaty supporters signed the Treaty of New Echota in 1835, but it was not signed by John Ross, the Principal Chief, and was opposed by most of the tribe. The following year the tribe was forced to cede most of its lands in the Southeast, and remove to west of the Mississippi River. \nAfter Harriet died in 1836, Boudinot moved with his children to Indian Territory. He and three other Treaty Party leaders were assassinated in June 1839 by members of the Ross faction, known as the National Party. The orphaned children were sent to his parents-in-law in Connecticut and went to school there. His son Elias Cornelius Boudinot was educated there and then returned west, settling in Fayetteville, Arkansas. He became an attorney and active in tribal and Democratic Party politics.", "Q181955": "Aix-les-Bains (US: , French: [\u025bks le b\u025b\u0303] (listen); Arpitan: \u00c8x-los-Bens; Latin: Aquae Gratianae), locally simply Aix, is a commune in the department of Savoie, in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes.\nSituated on the shore of the largest natural lake of glacial origin in France, the Lac du Bourget, this resort is a major French spa town, and has the largest freshwater marina in France. It is the second-largest Savoy town in terms of population, having 28,585 inhabitants at the last census, and is part of its own urban area: The urban area of Aix-les-Bains.\nA leading town of the Belle \u00c9poque, of international renown, Aix-les-Bains was a vacation destination for nobility and the wealthy. Although the thermal baths are no longer the main attraction in Aix, the area continues to be draw visitors for water sports and activities. The town has partially compensated for the loss of visitors coming for spa treatments by developing tourism. It hosts up to 200,000 general visitors annually, between tourists and people seeking mineral bath therapy.In addition to thermal baths and tourism, Aix-les-Bains is known for its national Musilac festival. Also, with several labels including Touristic Resort, Flowery City with Four Flowers and a Golden Flower (exceptional), City of Art and History, a 5@ (five-star or top-grade equivalent) Internet City, and Nautical Resort. However, Aix is also an industrial town, with a few large companies such as Alstom, the headquarters of the L\u00e9on Grosse companies, ABB Cellier, Aixam, and a high-quality leather goods factory.", "Q4896": "William Douglas-Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton, KG, PC (24 December 1634 \u2013 18 April 1694), also known as Lord William Douglas and the Earl of Selkirk, was a Scottish nobleman and politician. He was the eldest son of William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas by his second wife Lady Mary Gordon, a daughter of George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly.Subsequent to marrying Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton, he was created Duke of Hamilton in the Peerage of Scotland, which also allowed him to use his wife's subsidiary titles during his lifetime and to take the name Hamilton for their descendants.\n\n", "Q18432": "Staten Island () is a borough of New York City, coterminous with Richmond County, in the U.S. state of New York. Located in the southwest portion of the city, the borough is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull and from the rest of New York by New York Bay. With an estimated population of 476,143 in 2019, Staten Island is the least populated of the boroughs but is the third-largest in land area at 58.5 sq mi (152 km2). The borough also contains the southern-most point in the state, South Point. If each borough were ranked as a city, Staten Island would rank as the 39th most populous in the U.S.\nStaten Island joined New York City in 1898, and was referred to as the Borough of Richmond until 1975. Staten Island has sometimes been called \"the forgotten borough\" by inhabitants who feel neglected by the city government.The North Shore\u2014especially the neighborhoods of St. George, Tompkinsville, Clifton, and Stapleton\u2014is the most urban part of the island; it contains the designated St. George Historic District and the St. Paul's Avenue-Stapleton Heights Historic District, which feature large Victorian houses. The East Shore is home to the 2.5-mile (4 km) F.D.R. Boardwalk, the fourth-longest boardwalk in the world. The South Shore, site of the 17th-century Dutch and French Huguenot settlement, developed rapidly beginning in the 1960s and 1970s and is now mostly suburban in character. The West Shore is the least populated and most industrial part of the island.\nMotor traffic can reach the borough from Brooklyn via the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge and from New Jersey via the Outerbridge Crossing, Goethals Bridge and Bayonne Bridge. Staten Island has Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) bus lines and an MTA rapid transit line, the Staten Island Railway, which runs from the ferry terminal at St. George to Tottenville. Staten Island is the only borough that is not connected to the New York City Subway system. The free Staten Island Ferry connects the borough across New York Harbor to Manhattan and is a tourist attraction that provides views of the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island and Lower Manhattan.\nStaten Island had the Fresh Kills Landfill, which was the world's largest landfill before closing in 2001, although it was temporarily reopened that year to receive debris from the September 11 attacks. The landfill is being redeveloped as Freshkills Park, an area devoted to restoring habitat; the park will become New York City's second largest public park when completed.", "Q207544": "Lyman Frank Baum (; May 15, 1856 \u2013 May 6, 1919) was an American author chiefly famous for his children's books, particularly The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and its sequels. He wrote 14 novels in the Oz series, plus 41 other novels, 83 short stories, over 200 poems, and at least 42 scripts. He made numerous attempts to bring his works to the stage and the nascent medium of film; the 1939 adaptation of the first Oz book would become a landmark of 20th-century cinema. His works anticipated such century-later commonplaces as television, augmented reality, laptop computers (The Master Key), wireless telephones (Tik-Tok of Oz), women in high-risk and action-heavy occupations (Mary Louise in the Country), and the ubiquity of advertising on clothing (Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work).\n\n", "Q71484": "Ludwig Gotthard Kosegarten (1 February 1758 \u2013 26 October 1818), also known as Ludwig Theobul or Ludwig Theoboul, was a German poet and Lutheran preacher.\nKosegarten was born in Grevesm\u00fchlen, in the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. After studying theology at the University of Greifswald, he served as the pastor of Altenkirchen on the island of R\u00fcgen, then part of Swedish Pomerania.\nAfter his ordination in 1792 he was given the rectorate in the parish church of Altenkirchen on R\u00fcgen. In this capacity he gave the famous shore sermons on the cliffs near Vitt. He went there to the herring fishermen, who during the time of herring fishing could not go to the church in Altenkirchen due to their work. These sermons were a great success, which is why the Vitt Chapel was erected in 1806. During his stay on R\u00fcgen he wrote many reports about the island, that made both R\u00fcgen and Kosegarten famous.\nKosegarten's books were burned at the Wartburg festival on 18 October 1817. He influenced the work of Philipp Otto Runge, Caspar David Friedrich, and the music of Franz Schubert.", "Q516160": "The First Hungarian Republic (Hungarian: Els\u0151 Magyar K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g), until 21 March 1919 the Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar N\u00e9pk\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g), was a short-lived unrecognized people's republic that existed \u2013 apart from a 133-day interruption in the form of the Hungarian Soviet Republic \u2013 from 16 November 1918 until 8 August 1919. The republic was established in the wake of the dissolution of Austria-Hungary following World War I. The First Hungarian Republic replaced the Kingdom of Hungary, and was in turn replaced by the Hungarian Republic, another short-lived state from 1919 to 1920. During the rule of Count Mih\u00e1ly K\u00e1rolyi's pacifist cabinet, Hungary lost the control over approximately 75% of its former pre-World War I territories (325,411 km2 (125,642 sq mi)) without armed resistance and was subject to foreign occupation. \nFollowing this period, the Allied Powers of World War I severely pressured the Hungarians into retreating behind post-war demarcation lines as a provision to the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, their attempt to establish new nation states among the former kingdom's non-Hungarian citizens \u2013 the principal beneficiaries of which were the Kingdom of Romania, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, the Austrian Republic, and the Czechoslovak Republic. The subsequent Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Hungary was signed under protest by the latter.", "Q313243": "Konidela Siva Sankara Vara Prasad (born 22 August 1955), better known by his stage name Chiranjeevi, is an Indian film actor and politician. He was the Minister of State with independent charge for the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India from 27 October 2012 to 15 May 2014. Prior to politics, Chiranjeevi had attended the Madras Film Institute and had worked primarily in Telugu cinema in addition to Tamil, Kannada, and Hindi films. He made his acting debut in 1978 with Punadhirallu. However, Pranam Khareedu was released earlier at the box office. Known for his breakdancing skills, Chiranjeevi starred in over 150 feature films. In 1987, he starred in Swayamkrushi which was dubbed into Russian and was screened at the Moscow International Film Festival. Chiranjeevi won the 1988 Indian Express Best Actor Award and the state Nandi Award for Best Actor awards for his performance in the film. In the same year, Chiranjeevi was one of the Indian delegates at the 59th Academy Awards. In 1988, he co-produced Rudraveena which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration.Chiranjeevi's 1992 film Gharana Mogudu, directed by K. Raghavendra Rao, is the first Telugu film to gross over \u20b910 crore at the box office. The film was screened at the 1993 International Film Festival of India in the mainstream section. It made Chiranjeevi the highest-paid actor in India at the time catapulting him to the cover pages of national weekly magazines in India. The entertainment magazines Filmfare and India Today named him \"Bigger than Bachchan\", a reference to Bollywood's Amitabh Bachchan. News magazine The Week hailed him as \"the new money machine\". He was paid a remuneration of \u20b91.25 crore for the 1992 film Aapadbandhavudu. In 2002, Chiranjeevi was given the Samman Award for the Highest Income Tax Payer for the 1999\u20132000 assessment year by the Minister of State for Finance. A poll conducted by CNN-IBN in 2006 named Chiranjeevi the most popular star of the Telugu film industry.In a film career spanning thirty-nine years, he won four state Nandi Awards, including the Raghupathi Venkaiah Award, and ten Filmfare Awards South including the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award \u2013 South. In 2006, Chiranjeevi was honored with the Padma Bhushan, India's third-highest civilian award, for his contributions to Indian cinema and was presented with an honorary doctorate from Andhra University. In 2013, he inaugurated the Incredible India Exhibition, a joint participation of the Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Information and Broadcasting at the 66th Cannes Film Festival. Chiranjeevi represented Incredible India at the 14th International Indian Film Academy Awards ceremony held in Macau. In 2013, IBN LIVE named him as one of \"the men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema\".", "Q689820": "Debar (Macedonian: \u0414\u0435\u0431a\u0440 [\u02c8d\u025b\u02d0bar] (listen); in Albanian; Dib\u00ebr/Dibra or Dibra e Madhe) is a city in the western part of North Macedonia, near the border with Albania, off the road from Struga to Gostivar. It is the seat of Debar Municipality. Debar has an ethnic Albanian majority of 74% and is North Macedonia's only city in which ethnic Macedonians do not rank first or second demographically. The official languages are Macedonian \ufffc\ufffcand Albanian.", "Q442243": "Marika Karin Louise Lagercrantz (born 12 July 1954) is a Swedish actress. Since 2011, she has been Sweden's cultural attach\u00e9 at the Berlin embassy in Germany.Lagercranz was born in Solna. She is the daughter of Olof Lagercrantz, granddaughter of Hans Ruin, sister of David Lagercrantz, and cousin of Lars and Johan L\u00f6nnroth. She participated in season 10 of Stj\u00e4rnorna p\u00e5 slottet which is broadcast on SVT.", "Q58016": "Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony (31 May 1867 \u2013 28 May 1944) was the mother of Emperor Charles I of Austria and the fifth child of George of Saxony and Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal.", "Q104793": "Ruth Weiss (born 26 July 1924) is a writer who focuses on anti-racism in all its forms. She is a well-known anti-apartheid journalist and activist, exiled by South Africa and Rhodesia for her writings. She is based in the United Kingdom and Germany and writes in both English and German. Her young adult, historical fiction reflects her battles against racism in Germany and Africa.", "Q83612": "The Skulls is a 2000 American thriller film directed by Rob Cohen and starring Joshua Jackson, Paul Walker and Leslie Bibb. Its plot is based upon some of the conspiracy theories surrounding Yale University's Skull and Bones student society.\nThe film was critically panned, but successful enough to spawn two direct-to-video sequels, The Skulls II and The Skulls III, released in 2002 and 2004, respectively.", "Q372871": "Adrian-Floru Enescu (31 March 1948 \u2013 19 August 2016) was a Romanian composer of film soundtracks and contemporary music.As an individual musician, he also pioneered the local electronic scene during the 1970s and 1980s. He graduated from the \"Ciprian Porumbescu\" Music Conservatory in Bucharest, following the composition class of Aurel Stroe and Alexandru Pascanu in harmony.\nAmong his list of accomplishments are music for ballet in Italy, China and Australia, music for theater in Romania, Holland, Belgium, Japan, Australia, Canada, Columbia, and Costa Rica. \nOther accomplishments:\n\nIn 1976, Basorelief (symphonic pop)\nIn 1980, Funky Synthesizer vol 1 (electronic music)\nIn 1983, vocal lead Stereo Group (pop music)\nIn 1984, Funky Synthesizer vol 2 (electronic music)\nIn 1988, Buna seara, iubite (vocal lead, Loredana Groza (pop music))\nIn 1989, Un buchet de trandafiri (vocal lead, Loredana Groza) (pop music)\nIn 1999-2000, Jingle for \"Arcadia Jingle Bank\", Germany\nIn 2000, Millennium Angel (produced by PRO TV Romania)\nIn 2001, Diva (vocal lead, Loredana Groza) (pop music)\nIn 2001, November Dreams produced by Axel Springer Company, Germany\nIn 2001, EarthTone records division of Sonic Images Records USA published Invisible Music chapter 2 (electronic music)\nIn 2002, Buddha Bar3 published Invisible Music chapter1 (electronic music)\nIn 2003, he arranged the music for The Christmas Parade of Disneyland Paris, France\nIn 2013, Bird in Space jazz music, produced by A&ARecords\nIn 2014, Invisible Movies music for film, produced by A&ARecords\nSymphonic music : electroacoustic music, music for solo viola, DOMINO - concerto for percussion & orchestra, TABU - concerto for vibraphone & orchestra, Labyrinth music for 8 clarinets, The Journey of Orpheus/opera - new version & variations on C. W. Gluck's themes, Cinematic for chamber orchestra\nIn 2014 Bach in showbiz (Bach variations) for Zoli Toth quartet", "Q153813": "Nazi Germany primarily used six extermination camps (also called death camps or killing centers) in Eastern Europe during the Holocaust in World War II to systematically murder millions of Jews. Others were murdered at the death camps as well, including Poles, homosexuals, Soviet POWs, and Romani. The victims of death camps were primarily killed by gassing, either in permanent installations constructed for this specific purpose, or by means of gas vans. The six extermination camps were Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau. Auschwitz and Majdanek death camps also used extreme work under starvation conditions in order to kill their prisoners.The idea of mass extermination with the use of stationary facilities, to which the victims were taken by train, was the result of earlier Nazi experimentation with chemically manufactured poison gas during the secretive Aktion T4 euthanasia programme against hospital patients with mental and physical disabilities. The technology was adapted, expanded, and applied in wartime to unsuspecting victims of many ethnic and national groups; the Jews were the primary target, accounting for over 90 percent of the extermination camp death toll. The genocide of the Jews of Europe was the Third Reich's \"Final Solution to the Jewish question\". It is now collectively known as the Holocaust, during which 11 million others were murdered.Extermination camps were also set up by the fascist Usta\u0161e regime of the Independent State of Croatia, a puppet state of Germany, which carried out genocide between 1941 and 1945 against Serbs, Jews, Roma and its Croat and Bosniak Muslim political opponents.", "Q556544": "Mark E. Dean (born March 2, 1957) is an inventor and computer engineer. He was part of the team that developed the ISA bus, and he led a design team for making a one-gigahertz computer processor chip. He holds three of nine PC patents for being the co-creator of the IBM personal computer released in 1981. In August 2011, writing in his blog, Dean stated that he now uses a tablet computer instead of a PC.\n\n", "Q388063": "Bob Zmuda (born December 12, 1949) is an American writer, comedian, producer, and director best known for his friendship with cult personality Andy Kaufman.", "Q472380": "Giuseppe \u201cPeppino\u201d Turco (7 March 1846 \u2013 14 October 1903) was an Italian songwriter.\nTurco was born in Naples. Initially he was a renowned journalist and poet, collaborating with the satirical newspaper Capitan Fracassa in Rome and various Neapolitan periodicals. However it is for his verses put to music that he is best known.", "Q746923": "Kamijo is a Japanese singer-songwriter, musician, and music producer. He is best known as lead singer of the visual kei bands Lareine and Versailles. He has also been the head of two independent record labels; the first being Applause Records (formed in 2000), and currently Sherow Artist Society since 2006, being renamed to Chateau Agency since 2016. His music covers many genres, Lareine having mainly a baroque pop style, and Versailles a clear symphonic and neoclassical metal sound. He has an extensive discography with the bands Lareine, New Sodmy and Versailles, consisting of 15 albums, and a large amount of EPs and singles. In 2013, Kamijo began a solo career with his debut single \"Louis ~Enketsu no La Vie en Rose~\".", "Q93401": "Franz Miklosich (also known in Slovene as Franc Miklo\u0161i\u010d) (20 November 1813 \u2013 7 March 1891) was a Slovene philologist.", "Q3350706": "Olivia Giacobetti (born 1966) is a French perfumer. She has an independent line called Iunx and has also created fragrances for Diptyque, L'Artisan Parfumeur, Guerlain, and Herm\u00e8s, among other lines. She is particularly known for a refined style as well as innovation such as her novel use of fig in perfumery, popularizing the note beginning in the mid-1990s. She is among the perfumers who became prominent in a late-20th and early-21st-century turn toward the \"nose\" behind the scent and independent lines that foreground these creators, a shift away from perfumes sold by fashion labels or celebrities in other fields.", "Q75812": "Norbert Elias (German: [e\u02c8li\u02d0as]; 22 June 1897 \u2013 1 August 1990) was a German sociologist who later became a British citizen. He is especially famous for his theory of civilizing/decivilizing processes.", "Q316313": "Lyon Sprague de Camp (; 27 November 1907 \u2013 6 November 2000), better known as L. Sprague de Camp, was an American writer of science fiction, fantasy and non-fiction. In a career spanning 60 years, he wrote over 100 books, including novels and works of non-fiction, including biographies of other fantasy authors. He was a major figure in science fiction in the 1930s and 1940s.", "Q722241": "Fredrik Henrik af Chapman (9 September 1721 in Gothenburg \u2013 19 August 1808) was a Swedish shipbuilder, scientist and officer in the Swedish navy. He was also manager of the Karlskrona shipyard 1782-1793. Chapman is credited as the worlds first person to apply scientific methods to shipbuilding and is considered to be the first naval architect.\nChapman was the author of Architectura Navalis Mercatoria (1768) and several other shipbuilding-related works. His Tractat om Skepps-Byggeriet (\"Treatise on Shipbuilding\") published in 1775 is a pioneering work in modern naval architecture. He was the first shipbuilder in Northern Europe to introduce prefabrication in shipyards and managed to produce several series of ships in record time.\nHe was ennobled as \"af Chapman\" in 1772, after the successful coup of Swedish king Gustav III.", "Q184805": "Thomas Alan Waits (born December 7, 1949) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, composer, and actor. His lyrics often focus on the underbelly of society and are delivered in his trademark deep, gravelly voice. He worked primarily in jazz during the 1970s, but his music since the 1980s has reflected greater influence from blues, rock, vaudeville, and experimental genres.\nWaits was born and raised in a middle-class family in Pomona, California. Inspired by the work of Bob Dylan and the Beat Generation, he began singing on the San Diego folk music circuit as a teenager. He relocated to Los Angeles in 1972, where he worked as a songwriter before signing a recording contract with Asylum Records. His first albums were the jazz-oriented Closing Time (1973) and The Heart of Saturday Night (1974), which reflected his lyrical interest in nightlife, poverty, and criminality. He repeatedly toured the United States, Europe, and Japan, and attracted greater critical recognition and commercial success with Small Change (1976), Blue Valentine (1978), and Heartattack and Vine (1980). He produced the soundtrack for Francis Ford Coppola's film One from the Heart (1981), and subsequently made cameo appearances in several Coppola films.\nIn 1980, Waits married Kathleen Brennan, split from his manager and record label, and moved to New York City. With Brennan's encouragement and frequent collaboration, he pursued a more experimental and eclectic musical aesthetic influenced by the work of Harry Partch and Captain Beefheart. This was reflected in a series of albums released by Island Records, including Swordfishtrombones (1983), Rain Dogs (1985), and Franks Wild Years (1987). He continued appearing in films, notably starring in Jim Jarmusch's Down by Law (1986), and also made theatrical appearances. With theatre director Robert Wilson, he produced the musicals The Black Rider and Alice, first performed in Hamburg. Having returned to California in the 1990s, his albums Bone Machine (1992), The Black Rider (1993), and Mule Variations (1999) earned him increasing critical acclaim and multiple Grammy Awards. In the late 1990s, he switched to the record label ANTI-, which released Blood Money (2002), Alice (2002), Real Gone (2004), and Bad as Me (2011).\nDespite a lack of mainstream commercial success, Waits has influenced many musicians and gained an international cult following. In 2011, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2015, he was ranked at No. 55 on Rolling Stone's \"100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\". Several biographies have also been written about him.\n\n", "Q4647770": "Alexis Felix du Pont Jr. (October 2, 1905 \u2013 December 30, 1996) was an American aviation pioneer, soldier, philanthropist, and a member of the prominent du Pont family.", "Q264791": "Jonathan Bar Giora (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea\u05df \u05d1\u05e8 \u05d2\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d0\u200e; born 8 July 1962) is an Israeli composer and pianist. \nSince 2000, Bar Giora has composed scores and soundtracks for Israeli films such as Bonjour Monsieur Shlomi, Time of Favor and Aviva, My Love. He also worked as a composer with Israeli actors such as Yossi Banai, Rita and Rickie Gal. Bar Giora lectures at the Sapir Academic College and at Maale Film School.", "Q96551": "Johannes Baptist Kerner (born 9 December 1964 in Bonn) is a German TV personality best known as a sportscaster.", "Q471879": "Sidney Edmond Jocelyn \u201cJoss\u201d Ackland, CBE (born 29 February 1928) is an English actor who has appeared in more than 130 film and television roles. He was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for portraying Jock Delves Broughton in White Mischief (1987).", "Q110916": "Hideki Shirakawa (\u767d\u5ddd \u82f1\u6a39 Shirakawa Hideki, born August 20, 1936) is a Japanese chemist, engineer, and Professor Emeritus at the University of Tsukuba and Zhejiang University. He is best known for his discovery of conductive polymers. He was co-recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Alan MacDiarmid and Alan Heeger.", "Q167546": "Lucio Dalla (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8lu\u02d0t\u0283o \u02c8dalla]; 4 March 1943 \u2013 1 March 2012) was an Italian singer-songwriter, musician and actor. He also played clarinet and keyboards.\nDalla was the composer of \"Caruso\" (1986), a song dedicated to Italian opera tenor Enrico Caruso, and \"L'anno che verr\u00e0\" (1979).\n\n", "Q325901": "My Friend from Faro (German: Mein Freund aus Faro) is 2008 German drama film. It marks the directorial debut of Nana Neul and stars Anjorka Strechel and Lucie Hollmann. The film premiered on 16 January 2008 at the Max Oph\u00fcls Festival, and was awarded the Fritz Raff Screenplay Award.", "Q488562": "Angels & Airwaves (stylized and abbreviated as \u039bV\u039b) is an American rock group, featuring Tom DeLonge (lead vocals, guitars, keyboards, bass guitar), David Kennedy (guitars, keyboards), and Ilan Rubin (drums, keyboards, backing vocals). Former members include Ryan Sinn (bass guitar, backing vocals), Adam \"Atom\" Willard (drums), Matt Wachter (bass guitar, keyboards, backing vocals) and Eddie Breckenridge (bass guitar).\nThe band formed after Blink-182 went on hiatus in 2005. They continued to record and tour despite DeLonge reigniting his career with Blink-182 in 2009, and after DeLonge subsequently parted with Blink-182 in 2015, he began to focus on Angels & Airwaves more extensively. To date, the band has released five studio albums: We Don't Need to Whisper (2006), I-Empire (2007), Love (2010), Love: Part Two (2011) and The Dream Walker (2014). The project also resulted in the documentary film Start the Machine (2008). In 2011, accompanying the two Love albums, the group scored and produced the science fiction drama film Love by director William Eubank in 460 theatres nationwide during their multimedia event, Love Live. The band released an animated short named Poet Anderson: The Dream Walker and their fifth album, The Dream Walker, on December 9, 2014. Other related media, such as comic books and a live-action film, followed in 2015.\nThe group has been described by DeLonge as more than a band, but more accurately \"an art project [that approaches] larger human themes and tackles them in different mediums,\" or simply \"a multimedia project.\" This has been seen in the group's films, live events, and novel approach to fan-artist interaction.Of the first two albums, the band says that they were mainly influenced by the music of Radiohead and Pink Floyd, combining them with the grandiosity of U2. Of the first album, Delonge said that it would be \"the best music in generations\".", "Q314504": "James Daniel May (born 16 January 1963) is an English television presenter and journalist. He is best known as a co-presenter of the motoring programme Top Gear alongside Jeremy Clarkson and Richard Hammond from 2003 until 2015. As of 2016 he is a director of the production company W. Chump & Sons (founded July 2015) and is also a co-presenter in the television series The Grand Tour for Amazon Video, alongside his former Top Gear colleagues, Clarkson and Hammond, as well as Top Gear's former producer Andy Wilman.\nMay has presented other programmes on themes including science and technology, toys, wine culture, and the plight of manliness in modern times. He wrote a weekly column for The Daily Telegraph's motoring section from 2003 to 2011.\n\n", "Q1356526": "Ernest Van \"Pop\" Stoneman (May 25, 1893 \u2013 June 14, 1968) was an American musician ranked among the prominent recording artists of country music's first commercial decade.", "Q175142": "Cybill Lynne Shepherd (born February 18, 1950) is an American actress and former model. Shepherd's better-known roles include Jacy in Peter Bogdanovich's The Last Picture Show (1971), Kelly in Elaine May's The Heartbreak Kid (1972), Betsy in Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976), and Nancy in Woody Allen's Alice (1990). She was also known for her roles in television, such as, Maddie Hayes on Moonlighting (1985\u20131989), Cybill Sheridan on Cybill (1995\u20131998), Phyllis Kroll on The L Word (2007\u20132009), Madeleine Spencer on Psych (2008\u20132013), Cassie in the television film The Client List (2010), and Linette Montgomery on The Client List (2012\u20132013).", "Q284103": "Water Drops on Burning Rocks (French: Gouttes d'eau sur pierres br\u00fblantes) is a 2000 French drama film directed by Fran\u00e7ois Ozon. The film is based on a German play by Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Tropfen auf heisse Steine.", "Q518165": "Alexis Lichine (December 3, 1913 \u2013 June 1, 1989) was a Russian wine writer and entrepreneur. He played a key role in promoting varietal labelling of wine, was a masterful salesman of wine, and owned Ch\u00e2teau Prieur\u00e9-Lichine and a share of Ch\u00e2teau Lascombes in the M\u00e9doc. He was married to actress Arlene Dahl from 1964 to 1969.", "Q165351": "Mario Toso SDB (2 July 1950-) has been the Bishop of the Diocese of Faenza-Modigliana since his appointment by Pope Francis on 19 January 2015.\nToso was born in Mogliano Veneto (Province of Treviso). He was professed a member the Salesians of Don Bosco on 16 August 1967. He studied philosophy and theology at the Faculty of Theology in Turin. He obtained a baccalaureate in theology. He was ordained a priest on 22 July 1978.\nHe holds a doctorate in philosophy at the Catholic University of Sacro Cuore in Milan in 1978. He earned a licentiate in philosophy from the Pontifical Salesian University in 1981 and a licentiate in theology at the Pontifical Lateran University in 1982. Since 1980 he has served as Professor of Philosophy at the Pontifical Salesian University from 1991 and is Professor of Theoretical Philosophy, from 1994 to 2000. He was Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy at the same University and from 2003 to 2009, he was Rector. He served as a consultor of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace. Toso was one of the collaborators consulted by Pope Benedict XVI's encyclical Caritas in veritate.\nOn 22 October 2009 he was appointed secretary of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace and Titular Bishop of Bisarcio, the titular see held by Bishop Crepaldi before his transfer to Trieste, and was consecrated on 12 December 2009 by Cardinal Secretary of State Tarcisio Bertone.\nOn 19 January 2015 he was appointed bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Faenza-Modigliana.", "Q19062": "Raed Arafat (Romanian pronunciation: [ra\u02c8ed ara\u02c8fat], first name also spelled Rayed; born May 24, 1964) is a Syrian-born Romanian intensive care physician of Palestinian origin, specialised in anesthesiology. He founded the Mobile Emergency Service for Resuscitation and Extrication (SMURD) with the help from the Romanian Fire Fighting Brigade represented by Lt.-Col Mircea Pintilie. He was also the coordinator of Mure\u0219 County Emergency Services until 23 August 2007, when he was invited to take the position of Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of Health to deal with the development of emergency medical care in Romania. He was also, for a short period. the Minister of Health in 7\u201321 November 2012, serving many years as Under-Secretary of State for Health in the Romanian Government. He accepted the position of Minister of Health just as a temporary position after which he was nominated as State Secretary at the Ministry of Health until 28 January 2014 when he accepted to move as Secretary of State at the Ministry of Internal Affairs to head the newly created Department for Emergency Situations under which all emergency services are coordinated including fire and rescue, civil protection, prehospital medical emergency response, air rescue and emergency departments. He is still serving at the Ministry of Internal Affairs in this position.", "Q302400": "Aaron Joseph Neville (born January 24, 1941) is an American R&B and soul vocalist and musician. He has had four platinum albums and four Top 10 hits in the United States, including three that went to #1 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart. His debut single, from 1966, was #1 on the Soul chart for five weeks.\nHe has also recorded with his brothers Art, Charles and Cyril as The Neville Brothers and is the father of singer/keyboards player Ivan Neville. Neville is of mixed African-American, Caucasian, and Native American (Choctaw) heritage.", "Q486229": "Hennepin County ( HEN-\u0259-pin) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2010 census the population was 1,152,425. It is the most populous county in Minnesota and the 32nd-most populous county in the United States; more than one in five Minnesotans live in Hennepin County. Its county seat is Minneapolis, the state's most populous city. The county is named in honor of the 17th-century explorer Father Louis Hennepin. Hennepin County is included in the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nThe center of population of Minnesota is in Hennepin County, in the city of Minneapolis.", "Q354646": "Juan de la Cierva y Codorn\u00edu, 1st Count of la Cierva (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8xwan de la \u02c8\u03b8je\u027e\u03b2a i ko\u00f0o\u027e\u02c8ni.u]; 21 September 1895 in Murcia, Spain \u2013 9 December 1936 in Croydon, United Kingdom) was a Spanish civil engineer, pilot and aeronautical engineer. His most famous accomplishment was the invention in 1920 of the first helicopter called Autogiro, a single-rotor type of aircraft that came to be called autogyro in the English language. In 1923, after four years of experimentation, De la Cierva developed the articulated rotor, which resulted in the world's first successful flight of a stable rotary-wing aircraft, with his C.4 prototype.\nDe la Cierva was born to a wealthy family. After several successful experiments with aviation as a boy, he eventually earned a civil engineering degree. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1925 where, with the support of Scottish industrialist James G. Weir, he established the Cierva Autogiro Company.\nAt the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, De la Cierva supported the National forces, helping the rebels to obtain the De Havilland DH-89 'Dragon Rapide' which flew General Franco from the Canary Islands to Spanish Morocco. His brother was killed by the Republican army in Paracuellos del Jarama.", "Q481546": "Tom H\u00f8yem (born 10 October 1941) is a Danish and German politician, and former headmaster in the European Schools.", "Q78488": "Alfred Hermann Fried (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0294alf\u0281e\u02d0t \u02c8h\u025b\u0281man \u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0t]; 11 November 1864 \u2013 5 May 1921) was an Austrian Jewish pacifist, publicist, journalist, co-founder of the German peace movement, and winner (with Tobias Asser) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1911.", "Q4100": "Baden-Baden is a spa town in the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the Rhine, the border with France, and forty kilometres (twenty-five miles) north-east of Strasbourg, France.", "Q58758": "Hanns Martin Schleyer (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ha\u02d0ns \u02c8ma\u0250ti\u02d0n \u02c8\u0283la\u026a\u032f\u0250\u032f]; 1 May 1915 \u2013 18 October 1977) was a German member of the SS, business executive, and employer and industry representative, who served as President of two powerful commercial organizations, the Confederation of German Employers' Associations (Bundesvereinigung der Deutschen Arbeitgeberverb\u00e4nde, BDA) and the Federation of German Industries (Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie, BDI). Schleyer's role in those business organisations, his positions in the labour disputes and aggressive appearance on television, his conservative anti-communist views and position as a prominent member of the Christian Democratic Union, and his past as an enthusiastic member of the Nazi student movement made him a target for radical elements of the German student movement in the 1970s.He was kidnapped on 5 September 1977 by the far left Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion, RAF) and subsequently murdered; his driver and police escort of three policemen were also murdered when his car was ambushed. The German government decided to not negotiate with terrorists. The abduction and murder are commonly seen as the climax of the RAF campaign in 1977, known as the German Autumn. After his death Schleyer has been extensively honoured in Germany; the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize, the Hanns Martin Schleyer Foundation and the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle are named in his honour. In 2017 German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier and the German government marked the 40th anniversary of the kidnapping.", "Q68843": "Cugnasco-Gerra is a municipality in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland. It was formed on January 1, 2009, through the merger of Cugnasco and Gerra.", "Q443613": "William \"Billy\" Cox (born October 16, 1939) is an American bassist, best known for performing with Jimi Hendrix. Cox is the only surviving musician to have regularly played with Hendrix: first with the experimental group that backed Hendrix at Woodstock (informally referred to as \"Gypsy Sun and Rainbows\"), followed by the trio with drummer Buddy Miles that recorded the live Band of Gypsys album, and, lastly, The Cry of Love Tour trio with Mitch Mitchell back on drums. Cox continues to perform dates with the Band of Gypsys Experience and the Experience Hendrix Tour.\nIn addition to Hendrix, he has either been a member of the house or touring band or recorded sessions for Sam Cooke, Slim Harpo, Joe Simon, Charlie Daniels, John McLaughlin, Rufus Thomas, Carla Thomas, Lou Rawls, Etta James, Jackie Wilson and Little Richard.", "Q2571": "Walter Scheel (German pronunciation: [\u02c8valt\u0250 \u02c8\u0283e\u02d0l]; 8 July 1919 \u2013 24 August 2016) was a German politician. A member of the Free Democratic Party of Germany (FDP), he first served in government as Federal Minister of Economic Cooperation and Development from 1961\u201366. He led the FDP from 1968\u201374.\nDuring the Chancellorship of Willy Brandt, Scheel was Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs and Vice Chancellor. Scheel became Acting Chancellor of West Germany from 7\u201316 May 1974 following Brandt's resignation after the Guillaume Affair. He was elected shortly after as President, remaining in the role until 1979. Scheel was a member of the Evangelical Church in Germany.", "Q153185": "Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (UK: , US: , French: [\u0292\u0254z\u025bf lwi \u0261\u025blysak]; 6 December 1778 \u2013 9 May 1850) was a French chemist and physicist. He is known mostly for his discovery that water is made of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen (with Alexander von Humboldt), for two laws related to gases, and for his work on alcohol-water mixtures, which led to the degrees Gay-Lussac used to measure alcoholic beverages in many countries.", "Q16149547": "The Eleventh Parliament of Great Britain was the parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain that sat from 31 May 1754 to 20 March 1761. It was assembled following the general elections held in April\u2013May 1754.", "Q129629": "Ignacio Fern\u00e1ndez S\u00e1nchez (7 May 1922 \u2013 24 November 2012) better known as Tony Leblanc was a Spanish actor, director, and comedian.", "Q370928": "Alexandre \"Sacha\" Distel (29 January 1933 \u2013 22 July 2004) was a French singer, guitarist, and actor who had hits with a cover version of \"Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head\", \"Scoubidou\", and \"The Good Life\". He was made Chevalier (Knight) of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur in 1997.", "Q97129": "Wolf-Christian von Ditfurth (born March 14, 1953) is a German author and historian. He was a member of the German Communist Party from 1973 to 1983. In January 1998, he joined the SPD, remaining a member for two years. During the twenty-first century he has not joined a political party.\nAs a journalist, Ditfurth has published numerous articles in Der Spiegel. Since 1999 also been a writer of sensational and detective novels.\nA member of the Ditfurth family, his father Hoimar von Ditfurth was a journalist, doctor, popular television presenter and writer, while his sister, Jutta Ditfurth, is a journalist and politician.", "Q503545": "Norman Mark Reedus (born January 6, 1969) is an American actor, voice actor, television host, and model. Reedus is known for starring in the popular AMC horror drama series The Walking Dead as Daryl Dixon and in the film The Boondock Saints (1999) and its sequel The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day (2009) as Murphy MacManus. He has acted in numerous films and television series, and modeled for various fashion designers (most recognizably Prada in the 1990s). Reedus also provided motion capture and voice acting for the main character Sam in Hideo Kojima's video game, Death Stranding (2019).", "Q309555": "Michael Austin Cera (; Italian: [\u02c8t\u0283e\u02d0ra]; born June 7, 1988) is a Canadian actor, producer, singer, and songwriter. He started his career as a child actor, portraying a young Chuck Barris in Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002). He is known for his role as George Michael Bluth on the sitcom Arrested Development (2003\u20132006, 2013, 2018\u20132019) and for his film roles as Evan in Superbad (2007), as Paulie Bleeker in Juno (2007), as Scott Pilgrim in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010), as a fictional version of himself in This Is the End (2013), and as the voice of Dick Grayson / Robin in The Lego Batman Movie (2017), as well as Sal Viscuso, the voice behind the announcements in Childrens Hospital.\nCera made his Broadway debut in the 2014 production of Kenneth Lonergan's This Is Our Youth. For his performance in the 2018 production of Lonergan's Lobby Hero, Cera was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play. Cera most recently starred in the revival of Lonergan's The Waverly Gallery.\nIn addition to acting, Cera is a musician, having released his debut album True That in 2014. Previously, Cera has also acted as the touring bassist for indie rock supergroup Mister Heavenly.", "Q350420": "Salomon August Andr\u00e9e (18 October 1854, Gr\u00e4nna, Sm\u00e5land \u2013 October 1897, Kvit\u00f8ya, Arctic Norway), during his lifetime most often known as S. A. Andr\u00e9e, was a Swedish engineer, physicist, aeronaut and polar explorer who died while leading an attempt to reach the Geographic North Pole by hydrogen balloon. The balloon expedition was unsuccessful in reaching the Pole and resulted in the deaths of all three of its participants.\n\n", "Q88009": "Isidor Isaak Sadger (29 October 1867 - 21 December 1942), born in Neu Sandez, Galicia, was a forensic doctor and psychoanalyst in Vienna. A leader in the early development of psychoanalysis, he began his career as a neurological specialist and, in 1894, began publishing a series of articles on psychophysiology. He studied with Sigmund Freud from 1895 to 1904 with a concentration in homosexuality and fetishism and coined the term Sadomasochismus (sadomasochism) in 1913. He also coined the term \"Narcissmus\" (narcissism). In September 1942, he was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp, where he died.", "Q151792": "The Science of Sleep (French: La Science des r\u00eaves, literally The Science of Dreams) is a 2006 surrealistic science fantasy comedy film written and directed by Michel Gondry. The film stars Gael Garc\u00eda Bernal, Charlotte Gainsbourg, Miou-Miou, and Alain Chabat. The film stems from a bed-time story that was written by Sam Mounier, then 10 years old.", "Q327870": "Rodger Corser (born 28 February 1973) is an Australian actor. He is best known for his portrayals of Detective Senior Sergeant Steve Owen in the Nine Network crime mini-series Underbelly, based on the Melbourne gangland killings, and Senior Sergeant Lawson Blake in the Network Ten police drama series Rush, and as Dr.Hugh Knight in The Nine Network series Doctor Doctor or as known in places outside of Australia as The Heart Guy. He was part of the main cast of Glitch in the role of John Doe/William Blackburn.", "Q106812": "Ivar Andreas Aasen (Norwegian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u00ec\u02d0v\u0251r \u02c8\u00f2\u02d0sn\u0329]; 5 August 1813 \u2013 23 September 1896) was a Norwegian philologist, lexicographer, playwright, and poet. He is best known for having assembled from dialects one of the two official written versions of the Norwegian language, Nynorsk.", "Q44371": "Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, IPA: [v\u0250l\u02b2\u026an\u02b2\u02c8t\u02b2in\u0259 vl\u0250\u02c8d\u02b2im\u02b2\u026ar\u0259vn\u0259 t\u02b2\u026ar\u02b2\u026a\u0282\u02c8kov\u0259] (listen); born 6 March 1937) is a member of the Russian State Duma, engineer, and former cosmonaut. She is the first and youngest woman to have flown in space with a solo mission on the Vostok 6 on 16 June 1963. She orbited the Earth 48 times, spent almost three days in space, and remains the only woman to have been on a solo space mission.\nBefore her selection for the Soviet space program, Tereshkova was a textile factory worker and an amateur skydiver. She joined the Air Force as part of the Cosmonaut Corps and was commissioned as an officer after completing her training. After the dissolution of the first group of female cosmonauts in 1969, Tereshkova remained in the space program as a cosmonaut instructor. She later graduated from the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy and re-qualified for spaceflight but never went to space again. She retired from the Air Force in 1997 having attained the rank of major general.\nTereshkova was a prominent member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, holding various political offices including being a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1974 to 1989. She remained politically active following the collapse of the Soviet Union but twice lost elections to the national State Duma in 1995 and 2003. Tereshkova was later elected in 2008 to her regional parliament, the Yaroslavl Oblast Duma. In 2011, she was elected to the national State Duma as a member of the United Russia party and re-elected in 2016.\n\n", "Q14552": "Fl\u00fchli is a municipality in the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. The municipality consists of the villages of Fl\u00fchli and S\u00f6renberg, which form independent parishes. Fl\u00fchli is part of the UNESCO Entlebuch Biosphere Reserve since 2001.", "Q86030": "Christa Williams (born: Christa Bojarzin 5 February 1926 \u2013 28 or 29 July 2012) was a German pop singer most popular in the late 1950s and early 1960s.Williams was chosen to represent Switzerland at the Eurovision Song Contest 1959 with the song \"Irgendwoher\" (From Somewhere). The song finished fourth out of 11 songs, and gained a total of 14 points.", "Q329849": "Adolph Green (December 2, 1914 \u2013 October 23, 2002) was an American lyricist and playwright who, with long-time collaborator Betty Comden, penned the screenplays and songs for some of the most beloved movie musicals, particularly as part of Arthur Freed's production unit at Metro Goldwyn Mayer, during the genre's heyday. Many people thought the pair were married, but in fact they were not a romantic couple at all. Nevertheless, they shared a unique comic genius and sophisticated wit that enabled them to forge a six-decade-long partnership that produced some of Hollywood and Broadway's greatest hits.", "Q554409": "Barry Eugene \"Butch\" Wilmore (born December 29, 1962) is a NASA astronaut and United States Navy test pilot. He has had two spaceflights, the first of which was an 11-day Space Shuttle mission in November 2009, to the International Space Station. Wilmore was designated as pilot with five other crew members on Space Shuttle Atlantis for the mission STS-129. He most recently served as part of Expedition 41 to the International Space Station.\nPrior to being selected as a NASA astronaut in July 2000, Wilmore was an experienced Navy test pilot. He also participated in the development of T-45 Goshawk trainer jet.", "Q392761": "Agent Red is a 2000 American action film directed by Damian Lee and Jim Wynorski and starring Dolph Lundgren. Its plot concerns two soldiers stuck on a submarine with a group of terrorists who plan to use a chemical weapon on America.\nAfter the film was completed, producer Andrew Stevens deemed it too inept to be released. Screenwriter Steve Latshaw was brought in to make the film at least half-competent, while Wynorski was hired to direct some new scenes (about 40 minutes of footage in three days) and insert stock footage (mostly from Fred Olen Ray's Counter Measures with Michael Dudikoff from which it became a remake of) where appropriate.", "Q1355985": "Mark Hildreth (born January 24, 1978) is a Canadian actor, musician and voice actor appearing in movie and television roles. A graduate of The National Theatre School of Canada, Mark Hildreth's theater credits include Hamlet (The Shakespeare Project), Bertram in All's Well that Ends Well (Bard on the Beach), Richard of Gloucester in Richard III (NTSC) and Cale Blackwell in Fire (Teatre Lac Brome). He also starred as Pastor Tom Hale in the ABC drama Resurrection.", "Q96223": "Gustav von Struensee (13 December 1803, Greifenberg in Pommern \u2013 29 September 1875. Breslau) was a German writer.", "Q2405113": "Pascale Sourisse (born 7 March 1962) is a French businesswoman.\nBorn in Nantes, Pascale Sourisse graduated from the \u00c9cole Polytechnique (class of 1981) and T\u00e9l\u00e9com ParisTech. She held management positions at the Compagnie G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Eaux (Vivendi) in 1984/85, and Jeumont-Schneider (JS) Telecom in 1985/86. Between 1987 and 1990, Pascale Sourisse worked for France Telecom as head of the enterprise network division for the greater Paris region. She spent four years at the French Ministry of Industry and Foreign Trade as head of the Consumer Electronics and Audiovisual Communication Division.\nShe was president of Eurospace, the Association of European Space Industry, an international non profit organisation which gathers 90% of the European space industrialists, from 2002 to 2008. \nPascale Sourisse joined Alcatel Space in 1995, as director, strategy and planning. In 1997 she was named president and CEO of SkyBridge LP, a company incorporated in Delaware, US, to develop and operate a global broadband satellite based network and deliver broadband services.\nIn July 2005 she was nominated president and CEO of Alcatel Alenia Space (former name of Thales Alenia Space, and previously CEO of Alcatel Space since January 2002). She is a member of Thales's executive committee.\nIn May 2007, she was appointed president and CEO of Thales Alenia Space.\nOn May 1, 2008, she was appointed senior vice president for Land and Joint systems division of Thales Group. Since February 2013, she has been senior executive vice-president, international development.\nPascale Sourisse is an Officer of France's L\u00e9gion d\u2019honneur and a Commander of National Order of Merit. She is a director of Renault, Vinci and Areva, and board chairman of Telecom ParisTech. Pascale Sourisse is also member of the French Academy of Technologies.\n\n", "Q192915": "The Corrs are an Irish band that combine pop rock with traditional Irish themes within their music. The group consists of the Corr siblings, Andrea (lead vocals, tin whistle, ukulele), Sharon (violin, keyboards, vocals), Caroline (drums, percussion, piano, bodhr\u00e1n, vocals) and Jim (guitar, piano, keyboards, vocals). They are from Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland.\nThe Corrs have released seven studio albums and numerous singles, which have reached Platinum in many countries, and have sold 40 million albums worldwide. Talk on Corners, their most successful album to date, reached multi-Platinum status in Australia, and in the UK it was the highest selling album of 1998. The band is one of only a handful of acts who have held the top two positions simultaneously in the UK album charts, with Talk on Corners at number one and Forgiven, Not Forgotten at number two. The latter was the third highest selling album in Australia in 1996. Their third studio album, In Blue, went to number one in seventeen countries.The Corrs have been actively involved in philanthropic activities. They have performed in numerous charity concerts, such as The Prince's Trust event in 2004 and Live 8 alongside Bono of U2 in 2005. The same year, they were awarded honorary MBEs for their contributions to music and charity. The band was inactive for almost 10 years because Jim and Caroline were raising families, while Andrea and Sharon were pursuing solo careers while raising families of their own. According to Sharon, it was uncertain if and when The Corrs would reunite. Rumours of a reunion sparked in early 2015 and in a radio interview with Chris Evans in June 2015, Andrea confirmed that The Corrs were working on a new album and would play the BBC Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park festival. Their sixth studio album, White Light, was released on 27 November 2015, and was accompanied by a European tour. After two years, their seventh studio album, Jupiter Calling, was released on 10 November 2017.", "Q495527": "Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity, and in Western culture traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and Roman literature in their original languages of Ancient Greek and Latin, respectively. It may also include Greco-Roman philosophy, history, and archaeology as secondary subjects. Traditionally in the West, the study of the Greek and Roman classics was considered one of the cornerstones of the humanities and a fundamental element of a rounded education. The study of classics has therefore traditionally been a cornerstone of a typical elite European education.", "Q170990": "Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints. Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness. Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion of the affected joints. In some types of arthritis, other organs are also affected. Onset can be gradual or sudden.There are over 100 types of arthritis. The most common forms are osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis usually occurs with age and affects the fingers, knees, and hips. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that often affects the hands and feet. Other types include gout, lupus, fibromyalgia, and septic arthritis. They are all types of rheumatic disease.Treatment may include resting the joint and alternating between applying ice and heat. Weight loss and exercise may also be useful. Recommended medications may depend on the form of arthritis. These may include pain medications such as ibuprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen). In some circumstances, a joint replacement may be useful.Osteoarthritis affects more than 3.8% of people while rheumatoid arthritis affects about 0.24% of people. Gout affects about 1\u20132% of the Western population at some point in their lives. In Australia about 15% of people are affected, while in the United States more than 20% have a type of arthritis. Overall the disease becomes more common with age. Arthritis is a common reason that people miss work and can result in a decreased quality of life. The term is derived from arthr- (meaning joint) and -itis (meaning inflammation).", "Q244333": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (also known as Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief) is a 2010 action fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus. The film is the first installment in the Percy Jackson film series and is loosely based on the 2005 novel The Lightning Thief, the first novel in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series by Rick Riordan. It stars Logan Lerman as Percy Jackson alongside an ensemble cast that includes Brandon T. Jackson, Alexandra Daddario, Jake Abel, Rosario Dawson, Steve Coogan, Uma Thurman, Catherine Keener, Joe Pantoliano, Kevin McKidd, Sean Bean, Dylan Neal and Pierce Brosnan. The movie was released to theaters on February 12, 2010 in the United States by 20th Century Fox.The film cost $95 million to make. It received mixed reviews from critics, with criticism for the unfaithfulness to its source material and its script, but praise for Lerman's performance and the action sequences. Despite the response, the film grossed $226.4 million worldwide. The film was released on June 29, 2010 on DVD and Blu-ray. A video game based on the film developed by Activision was released for Nintendo DS on February 11, 2010. A sequel, Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters, was released on August 7, 2013.", "Q53619": "Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Swami Rambhadracharya (born Giridhar Mishra on 14 January 1950) is an Indian Hindu spiritual leader, educator, Sanskrit scholar, polyglot, poet, author, textual commentator, philosopher, composer, singer, playwright and Katha artist based in Chitrakoot, India. He is one of four incumbent Jagadguru Ramanandacharya, and has held this title since 1988.Rambhadracharya is the founder and head of Tulsi Peeth, a religious and social service institution in Chitrakoot named after Saint Tulsidas. He is the founder and lifelong chancellor of the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University in Chitrakoot, which offers graduate and postgraduate courses exclusively to four types of disabled students. Rambhadracharya has been blind since the age of two months, had no formal education till the age of seventeen years, and has never used Braille or any other aid to learn or compose.Rambhadracharya can speak 22 languages and is a spontaneous poet and writer in Sanskrit, Hindi, Awadhi, Maithili, and several other languages. He has authored more than 100 books and 50 papers, including four epic poems, Hindi commentaries on Tulsidas' Ramcharitmanas and Hanuman Chalisa, a Sanskrit commentary in verse on the Ashtadhyayi, and Sanskrit commentaries on the Prasthanatrayi scriptures. He is acknowledged for his knowledge in diverse fields including Sanskrit grammar, Nyaya and Vedanta. He is regarded as one of the greatest authorities on Tulsidas in India, and is the editor of a critical edition of the Ramcharitmanas. He is a Katha artist for the Ramayana and the Bhagavata. His Katha programmes are held regularly in different cities in India and other countries, and are telecast on television channels like Shubh TV, Sanskar TV and Sanatan TV. He is also a leader of the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP).", "Q1242553": "Lonnie Liston Smith Jr. (born December 28, 1940) is an American jazz, soul, and funk musician who played with such jazz artists as Pharoah Sanders and Miles Davis before forming Lonnie Liston Smith and the Cosmic Echoes, recording a number of albums widely regarded as classics in the fusion, smooth jazz and acid jazz genres.", "Q123476": "Vincent Perez (born 10 June 1964) is a Swiss actor, director and photographer. He is best known internationally for playing the title character, Ashe Corven, in The Crow: City of Angels, and for starring in Queen of the Damned, playing Marius de Romanus. Some of his notable films in French cinema include Cyrano de Bergerac, Le Bossu, La Reine Margot and Indochine.", "Q3376925": "Peter William Gregory Tom, CBE (born 1940, Cornwall) is a British businessman. He is Chairman of Leicester Tigers.A former group chairman and chief executive of Aggregate Industries, he made 130 appearances for Leicester Tigers as a lock forward between 1963 and 1968. He was awarded the CBE in 2006 for services to business and sport in the Midlands. He is now Executive Chairman of Breedon Aggregates.", "Q16345": "Leonard Simon Nimoy (; March 26, 1931 \u2013 February 27, 2015) was an American actor, film director, photographer, author, singer, and songwriter. He was known for playing Spock in the Star Trek franchise, a character he portrayed in television and film for almost fifty years, from a pilot episode shot in late 1964 to his final film performance in 2013.Nimoy began his career in his early twenties, teaching acting classes in Hollywood and making minor film and television appearances through the 1950s, as well as playing the title role in Kid Monk Baroni. Foreshadowing his fame as a semi-alien, he played Narab, one of three Martian invaders, in the 1952 movie serial Zombies of the Stratosphere. From 1959 to 1962 he appeared in four episodes of Wagon Train.\nIn December 1964, he made his first appearance in the rejected Star Trek television pilot \"The Cage\", and went on to play the character of Spock until the end of the production run in early 1969, followed by eight feature films and guest appearances in the various spin-off series. The character has had a significant cultural impact and earned Nimoy three Emmy Award nominations. TV Guide named Spock one of the 50 greatest TV characters. After the original Star Trek series, Nimoy starred in Mission: Impossible for two seasons, hosted the documentary series In Search of ..., made several well-received stage appearances and played psychiatrist Doctor Kibner, the lead on-screen villain, in the 1978 remake of Invasion Of The Body Snatchers.\nNimoy's public profile as Spock was so strong that both his autobiographies, I Am Not Spock (1975) and I Am Spock (1995), were written from the viewpoint of sharing his existence with the character. In 2015 an asteroid was named 4864 Nimoy in his honor.The documentaries For the Love of Spock and Remembering Leonard Nimoy were produced by his son and daughter respectively; they cover his life, career, and later his illness.", "Q508404": "Caroline Sidney Aaron (n\u00e9e Abady; born August 7, 1952) is an American actress and film producer.", "Q4794528": "Arne Sydney aus den Ruthen Haag is a Mexican politician. He was the borough mayor for Miguel Hidalgo, D.F. from 2000\u20132003 and deputy in the Federal District Legislature from 1997 to 2000. He is a member of the National Action Party.\nHe is the general director of administration for Miguel Hidalgo under borough mayor X\u00f3chitl G\u00e1lvez. With the title of \"city manager\", aus den Ruthen has become popular on social media for posting videos through Periscope of infractions committed by citizens and his and the police officers' response. These videos have been called a form of public shaming, while aus den Ruthen says it is part of his neighborhood watch duties.", "Q2176478": "Jorge Hank Rhon (born January 28, 1956) is a Mexican businessman and owner of Mexico's largest sports betting company, Grupo Caliente. He served from December 2004 to February 2007 as the president of the municipality of Tijuana. He is the son of former Mexico City mayor Carlos Hank Gonz\u00e1lez and Guadalupe Rhon. Hank is the father of professional tennis player Tigre Hank and of Matador Alejandro Amaya.", "Q133665": "Marla Gibbs (born Margaret Theresa Bradley; June 14, 1931) is an American actress, comedian, singer, writer and television producer, whose career spans five decades. Gibbs is known for her role as George Jefferson's maid, Florence Johnston, in the CBS sitcom, The Jeffersons (1975\u201385), for which she received five nominations for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.\nShe also starred in the show's spin-off Checking In (1981) and the NBC sitcom, 227 (1985\u201390); Gibbs co-produced the latter series, played the lead role of Mary Jenkins, and sang the theme song. Gibbs has won seven NAACP Image Awards. In later years, Gibbs played supporting roles in films The Meteor Man (1993), Lost & Found (1999), The Visit (2000), The Brothers (2001), Madea's Witness Protection (2012), Grantham & Rose (2015), and Lemon (2017) and the TV show Station 19 (2018).", "Q40103": "Toby Stephens (born 21 April 1969) is an English stage, television, radio and film actor who has appeared in films in both the UK and US as well as in India. He is known for the roles of Bond villain Gustav Graves in the 2002 James Bond film Die Another Day (for which he was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor), Edward Fairfax Rochester in a BBC television adaptation of Jane Eyre and in his role as Captain Flint in the Starz television series Black Sails. Stephens is a lead in the Netflix science fiction series Lost in Space, which began streaming in 2018.", "Q374582": "Antoine Aimable Elie Elwart (19 September 1808 \u2013 14 October 1877) was a French composer and musicologist.\n\n", "Q1371833": "Sergei Ivanovich Shchukin (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0429\u0443\u0301\u043a\u0438\u043d; 6 July [O.S. 24 June] 1854 \u2013 10 January 1936) was a Russian businessman who became an art collector, mainly of French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist art.", "Q68857": "Ernst Degner (born Ernst Eugen Wotzlawek on 22 September 1931 in Gleiwitz, Upper Silesia, Germany - died 10 September 1983 in Arona, Tenerife, Spain) was a German professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. Degner was noted for defecting to the west in 1961, taking MZ's tuning techniques to Suzuki, and winning Suzuki's first Grand Prix championship in 1962.\n\n", "Q444168": "Mansoura Ez-Eldin (Arabic: \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646) (born 1976) is an Egyptian novelist and journalist. Mansoura Ez Eldin was born in Delta Egypt in 1976.\nShe studied journalism at the Faculty of Media, Cairo University and has since published short stories in various newspapers and magazines: she published her first collection of short stories, Shaken Light, in 2001. \nThis was followed by two novels, Maryam's Maze in 2004 and Beyond Paradise in 2009. Her work has been translated into a number of languages, including an English translation of Maryam's Maze by the American University in Cairo (AUC) Press, which came out in 2007. \nIn 2009, she was selected for the Beirut39, as one of the 39 best Arab authors below the age of 40. She was also a participant of the inaugural nadwa (writers\u2019 workshop) held by the International Prize for Arabic Fiction in Abu Dhabi this November. Her second novel, Beyond Paradise, was shortlisted for the prestigious Arabic Booker, to be awarded in March 2010.A Review of Maryam's Maze from Banipal\nA Profile of Mansoura Ez Eldin on Qantara\nMeet the Arabic Booker Nominees\n\nThe Bookseller", "Q268801": "Manuela Di Centa (born January 31, 1963) is a former Italian cross-country skier and Olympic athlete. She is the sister of former cross-country skier Giorgio Di Centa and cousin of former track and field athlete Venanzio Ortis.", "Q386714": "Count Dracula (German: Nachts, wenn Dracula erwacht, lit. 'At night, when Dracula awakens') is a 1969 Spanish-Italian-German-British horror film (released in 1970), directed by Jes\u00fas Franco and starring Christopher Lee, Herbert Lom and Klaus Kinski. It was based on the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker.\nAlthough Count Dracula stars Christopher Lee in the title role, it is not a Hammer production like his other Dracula films, being produced instead by Harry Alan Towers. Klaus Kinski, who would play Dracula himself nine years later in Nosferatu the Vampyre, is also featured in the film as Renfield. Count Dracula was advertised as the most faithful adaptation of Bram Stoker's novel. Among other details, it was the first film version of the novel in which Dracula begins as an old man and becomes younger as he feeds upon fresh blood.\nThe film was shot at the Tirrenia Studios and on location in Spain. The film's sets were designed by the art director Karl Schneider.", "Q104977": "Franz Egenieff or Marian Eberhard Franz Emil von Kleydorff, (31 May 1874 \u2013 11 June 1949) was a German opera singer and actor.\nEgenieff was born in Niederwalluf, Walluf, Hesse, Germany and died at age 75 in Tegernsee, Bavaria, Germany. He was a son of Prince Emil zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (1824\u20131878) and his second wife Kamila Stefa\u0144ska (1838\u20131902), after the marriage she got the aristocratic title von Kleydorff.\nFranz Egenieff married 1898 Paula Busch (1877\u20131962), a niece of Adolphus Busch. The couple had three children. The oldest daughter Anita von Kleydorff (1899\u20131987) married 1927 the German general Walter Warlimont (1894\u20131976).", "Q490339": "The Climax Blues Band (originally known as The Climax Chicago Blues Band) is a British blues rock band. The band was formed in Stafford, England, in 1967 by vocalist and harmonica player Colin Cooper (1939\u20132008), guitarist and vocalist Pete Haycock (1951\u20132013), guitarist Derek Holt (b. 1949), bassist and keyboardist Richard Jones (b. 1949), drummer George Newsome (b. 1947), and keyboardist Arthur Wood (1929\u20132005).", "Q207578": "Laetitia Marie Laure Casta (French: [l\u025btisja kasta]; born 11 May 1978) is a French actress and model.\nCasta became a \"GUESS? Girl\" in 1993 and gained further recognition as a Victoria's Secret Angel from 1998 to 2000 and as a spokesperson for cosmetics company L'Or\u00e9al. She has appeared on over 100 covers of such popular magazines as Cosmopolitan, Vogue, Rolling Stone, Elle and Glamour, and has modeled for designers such as Yves Saint Laurent, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Chanel, Ralph Lauren, Tommy Hilfiger, J. Crew, Louis Vuitton, Givenchy, Roberto Cavalli, Lolita Lempicka, and Vivienne Westwood.\nCasta became an established actress, appearing in the films Gainsbourg: A Heroic Life (2010), in which she portrayed sex symbol Brigitte Bardot, Face (2009) and The Blue Bicycle (2000), as well as the play Ondine at the theatre Antoine.", "Q135572": "Yegoryevsk (Russian: \u0415\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a) is a town and the administrative center of Yegoryevsk Urban Settlement in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Guslitsa River 114 kilometers (71 mi) southeast of Moscow.", "Q49127": "The John F. Kennedy School of Government (also known as Harvard Kennedy School and HKS) is the public policy school of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The school offers master's degrees in public policy, public administration, and international development, four doctoral degrees, and many executive education programs. It conducts research in subjects relating to politics, government, international affairs, and economics.\nThe School's primary campus is located on John F. Kennedy Street in Cambridge. The main buildings overlook the Charles River and are southwest of Harvard Yard and Harvard Square, on the site of a former MBTA Red Line trainyard. The School is adjacent to the public riverfront John F. Kennedy Memorial Park.\nIn 2015, Douglas Elmendorf, former director of the U.S. Congressional Budget Office, was named Dean of the Harvard Kennedy School and Don K. Price Professor of Public Policy. From 2004 to 2015, the School's Dean was David T. Ellwood, who served in the Department of Health and Human Services in the Clinton administration.A major $120 million expansion and renovation of the campus began in 2015. The project was completed in late 2017. The School is a member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA), a global consortium of schools that seeks to train leaders in international affairs.", "Q769724": "Eli Lotar (born Eliazar Lotar Teodorescu; January 30, 1905 \u2013 May 10, 1969) was a French photographer and cinematographer.Lotar was born in Paris, the son of Tudor Arghezi, a Romanian poet, and Constan\u021ba Zissu, a teacher. He became a French citizen in 1926 and met the German photographer Germaine Krull. He took part in many exhibitions with Krull and photographer Andr\u00e9 Kert\u00e9sz. \nLotar published his photographs in reviews such as Jazz, Vari\u00e9t\u00e9s, Bifur, and Documents. His reportage on the Parisian La Villette's slaughterhouses (1929, issue 6) was a theme very much in line with Georges Bataille's interests in sacrificial rituals and became one of his best-known works.\nLotar also frequented cinematic and theatrical circles, through which he met filmmakers Ren\u00e9 Clair and Luis Bu\u00f1uel, theater director Antonin Artaud and playwright Roger Vitrac. Lotar was the cinematographer on Bu\u00f1uel's Las Hurdes: Tierra Sin Pan. A member of the Groupe Octobre, Lotar worked with filmmakers such as Jacques Brunius, Joris Ivens, Jean Painlev\u00e9, and Jean Renoir, as a set photographer or as a cameraman. He assisted Marc All\u00e9gret and directed three films, one of which, Aubervilliers (1946), was selected for the Cannes Film Festival in 1946. \nDuring his last years, which were particularly somber, he became close friends with Alberto Giacometti and posed for several of his sculptures.", "Q342756": "Sterling Sandmann Knight (born March 5, 1989) is an American actor, singer, and dancer. He is known for his role as Chad Dylan Cooper in the Disney Channel sitcom Sonny with a Chance and its spinoff So Random!, Zander Carlson in Melissa & Joey, and Christopher Wilde in the Disney Channel Original Movie Starstruck.\n\n", "Q125761": "The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO; French: Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale; Chinese: \u56fd\u9645\u6c11\u822a\u7ec4\u7ec7) is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It changes the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. Its headquarters is located in the Quartier International of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.\nThe ICAO Council adopts standards and recommended practices concerning air navigation, its infrastructure, flight inspection, prevention of unlawful interference, and facilitation of border-crossing procedures for international civil aviation. ICAO defines the protocols for air accident investigation that are followed by transport safety authorities in countries signatory to the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation.\nThe Air Navigation Commission (ANC) is the technical body within ICAO. The Commission is composed of 19 Commissioners, nominated by the ICAO's contracting states and appointed by the ICAO Council. Commissioners serve as independent experts, who although nominated by their states, do not serve as state or political representatives. International Standards And Recommended Practices are developed under the direction of the ANC through the formal process of ICAO Panels. Once approved by the Commission, standards are sent to the Council, the political body of ICAO, for consultation and coordination with the Member States before final adoption.\nICAO is distinct from other international air transport organizations, particularly because it alone is vested with international authority (among signatory states): other organizations include the International Air Transport Association (IATA), a trade association representing airlines; the Civil Air Navigation Services Organization (CANSO), an organization for Air navigation service providers (ANSPs); and the Airports Council International, a trade association of airport authorities.", "Q465818": "Snatam Kaur Khalsa (Punjabi: \u0a38\u0a28\u0a3e\u0a24\u0a2e \u0a15\u0a4c\u0a30 \u0a16\u0a3c\u0a3e\u0a32\u0a38\u0a3e, born 1972 in Trinidad, Colorado), is an American singer, songwriter and author. Kaur performs new age Indian devotional music, kirtan, and tours the world as a peace activist. The surname \"Kaur\", meaning \"princess\", is shared by all female Sikhs.", "Q218458": "25th Hour is a 2002 American drama film directed by Spike Lee and starring Edward Norton. Adapted by David Benioff from his own novel The 25th Hour, it tells the story of a man's last 24 hours of freedom as he prepares to go to prison for seven years for dealing drugs.\n25th Hour opened to positive reviews, with several critics since having named it one of the best films of its decade.", "Q57319": "Norodom Sihamoni (Khmer: \u1793\u179a\u17c4\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1798 \u179f\u17b8\u17a0\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u17b8; born 14 May 1953) is the King of Cambodia. He became King on 14 October 2004, a week after the abdication of King Norodom Sihanouk. He is the eldest son of King Sihanouk and Queen Norodom Monineath. He was Cambodia's ambassador to UNESCO and named by a nine-member throne council to become the next king after his father Norodom Sihanouk abdicated in 2004. Before ascending the throne, Sihamoni was educated in Czechoslovakia and was best known for his work as a cultural ambassador in Europe and as a classical dance instructor. He is unmarried.", "Q455703": "Jos\u00e9 Martiniano de Alencar (May 1, 1829 \u2013 December 12, 1877) was a Brazilian lawyer, politician, orator, novelist and dramatist. He is considered to be one of the most famous and influential Brazilian Romantic novelists of the 19th century, and a major exponent of the literary tradition known as \"Indianism\". Sometimes he signed his works with the pen name Erasmo.\nHe was patron of the 23rd chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.\n\n", "Q334818": "Kazi Nazrul Islam (Bengali: \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c0 \u09a8\u099c\u09b0\u09c1\u09b2 \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae, Bengali pronunciation: [kazi nozrul islam] (listen); 25 May 1899 \u2013 29 August 1976) was a Bengali poet, writer and musician who was later recognized as the national poet of Bangladesh. Popularly known as Nazrul, he produced a large body of poetry and music with themes that included religious devotion and rebellion against oppression. Nazrul's activism for political and social justice earned him the title of \"Rebel Poet\" (Bengali: \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b9\u09c0 \u0995\u09ac\u09bf; Bidrohi Kobi). His compositions form the avant-garde genre of Nazrul Geeti (Music of Nazrul).Born in a Bengali Muslim Kazi family, Nazrul Islam received religious education and as a young man worked as a muezzin at a local mosque. He learned about poetry, drama, and literature while working with the rural theatrical group Letor Dal. He joined the British Indian Army in 1917. After serving in the British Indian Army in the Middle East (Mesopotamian campaign) during World War I, Nazrul established himself as a journalist in Calcutta. He criticised the British Raj and called for revolution through his poetic works, such as \"Bidrohi\" (\"\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b9\u09c0\", 'The Rebel') and \"Bhangar Gaan\" (\"\u09ad\u09be\u0999\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09be\u09a8\", 'The Song of Destruction'), as well as in his publication Dhumketu ('The Comet'). His nationalist activism in Indian independence movement led to his frequent imprisonment by the colonial British authorities. While in prison, Nazrul wrote the \"Rajbandir Jabanbandi\" (\"\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0 \u099c\u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\", 'Deposition of a Political Prisoner'). His writings greatly inspired Bengalis of East Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War.\nNazrul's writings explored themes such as freedom, humanity, love, and revolution. He opposed all forms of bigotry and fundamentalism, including religious, caste-based and gender-based. Nazrul wrote short stories, novels, and essays but is best known for his songs and poems. He profusely enriched ghazals in the Bengali language. He is also known to have experimented with Arabic, Persian, and Sanskrit words in his works to produce rhythmic effects.Nazrul wrote and composed music for nearly 4,000 songs (many recorded on HMV and gramophone records), collectively known as Nazrul Geeti. In 1942 at the age of 43, he began to suffer from an unknown disease, losing his voice and memory. A medical team in Vienna diagnosed the disease as Pick's disease, a rare incurable neurodegenerative disease. It caused Nazrul's health to decline steadily and forced him to live in isolation in India. He was also admitted in Ranchi (Jharkhand) psychiatric hospital for many years. At the invitation of the Government of Bangladesh, Nazrul and his family moved to Dhaka in 1972. He died four years later on 29 August 1976 in Bangladesh.", "Q94352": "Tany Youne (born Tatyana Stepanovna Maksimova-Koshkinsky; January 28, 1903; Cherby, Kazan province (now Yadrinsky District of Chuvash Republic) \u2014 October 6, 1977 Cheboksary, Chuvash ASSR) was a soviet actress and writer. She was one of the first Chuvash film actresses and an outstanding figure of the Chuvash national culture. She was a member of the Union of writers of the USSR (1957).", "Q155286": "Jennifer Higgie is an Australian novelist, screenwriter, art critic and editor of the London-based contemporary arts magazine, Frieze.", "Q240633": "James Hall Nasmyth (sometimes spelled Naesmyth, Nasmith, or Nesmyth) (19 August 1808 \u2013 7 May 1890) was a Scottish engineer, philosopher, artist and inventor famous for his development of the steam hammer. He was the co-founder of Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company manufacturers of machine tools. He retired at the age of 48, and moved to Penshurst, Kent where he developed his hobbies of astronomy and photography.", "Q27826": "Zhang Yang (Chinese: \u5f20\u9633; pinyin: Zh\u0101ng Y\u00e1ng; August 1951 \u2013 November 23, 2017) was a general in the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) who served as Director of the Political Work Department. He was previously political commissar of the Guangzhou Military Region. He committed suicide in November 2017 when under disciplinary investigation.", "Q432940": "Daniel Leroy Baldwin (born October 5, 1960) is an American actor, director and producer. He is the second eldest of the four Baldwin brothers, all of whom are actors. Baldwin played the role of Detective Beau Felton in the NBC TV series Homicide: Life on the Street, and has also starred in Ned Blessing: The True Story of My Life (1992), Mulholland Falls (1996), Vampires (1998), The Pandora Project (1998), Stealing Candy (2002), Paparazzi (2004) and Grey Gardens (2009). \nHe hosted The Daniel Baldwin Show on radio station WTLA in Syracuse from 2017 to 2019. He has also been an emcee for the television series truTV Presents: World's Dumbest. In February 2019, he appeared on Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew, admitting to struggling with a cocaine addiction.", "Q1276190": "Pavle \"Paja\" Vuisi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435 \"\u041f\u0430\u0458\u0430\" \u0412\u0443\u0438\u0441\u0438\u045b; 10 July 1926 \u2013 1 October 1988) was a Serbian actor, known as one of the most recognizable faces of former Yugoslav cinema. With many sharing the opinion that he was one of the greatest actors, comedians and people from the Balkans.", "Q648098": "Laten John Adams Jr. (January 5, 1932 \u2013 September 14, 1998), was an American blues, jazz and gospel singer, known as \"The Tan Canary\" for the multi-octave range of his singing voice, his swooping vocal mannerisms and falsetto. His biggest hits were his versions of \"Release Me\" and \"Reconsider Me\" in the late 1960s.", "Q44403": "Christian Johann Heinrich Heine (German: [\u02c8ha\u026an\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8ha\u026an\u0259]; born Harry Heine; 13 December 1797 \u2013 17 February 1856) was a German poet, writer and literary critic. He is best known outside Germany for his early lyric poetry, which was set to music in the form of lieder (art songs) by composers such as Robert Schumann and Franz Schubert. Heine's later verse and prose are distinguished by their satirical wit and irony. He is considered part of the Young Germany movement. His radical political views led to many of his works being banned by German authorities\u2014which, however, only added to his fame. He spent the last 25 years of his life as an expatriate in Paris.", "Q439815": "Catarina Furtado (born 25 August 1972) is a Portuguese television presenter, actress and UNFPA Goodwill Ambassador. Catarina was born in Lisbon and is a daughter of RTP journalist Joaquim Furtado.", "Q32595": "Gabrielle Ann Aplin (born 10 October 1992) is an English singer-songwriter. Aplin came to public attention after she gained a large online following by posting acoustic covers of songs on her YouTube channel.\nIn February 2012, Aplin signed a recording deal with Parlophone and began recording her d\u00e9but album. She gained mainstream attention the following November, when she was selected to record the soundtrack for a John Lewis television commercial with a cover of Frankie Goes to Hollywood's \"The Power of Love\", which charted at number 1 on the UK Singles Chart in December 2012. Her d\u00e9but album English Rain, was released in May 2013 to positive reviews. It debuted and peaked at number two on the UK album chart and led to several more singles: \"Please Don't Say You Love Me\", \"Panic Cord\", \"Home\" and \"Salvation\". English Rain has since been certified Gold in the UK, selling over 100,000 copies.\nAplin's second album, Light Up the Dark, featuring the singles \"Light Up the Dark\" and \"Sweet Nothing\", was released on 18 September 2015.", "Q275850": "Fionnuala Sweeney (born 1965) is an Irish anchorwoman and reporter. She had been based at CNN's headquarters in Atlanta, Sweeney was anchoring CNN Newsroom as well as serving as the primary substitute at the International Desk. She is known around Europe as the host of Eurovision Song Contest 1993 from Millstreet, County Cork.", "Q184811": "Drummer of Vengeance (Italian: Il giorno del giudizio, also known as Day of Judgment, Doomsday and An Eye for an Eye) is a 1971 Italian Spaghetti Western film written and directed by Mario Gariazzo and starring Ty Hardin, Rossano Brazzi and Craig Hill.", "Q128245": "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u200e, pronounced [moh\u00e6m\u02c8m\u00e6d re\u02c8z\u0252\u02d0 \u02c8\u0283\u0252\u02d0h p\u00e6hl\u00e6\u02c8vi\u02d0]; 26 October 1919 \u2013 27 July 1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647), was the last Shah (Emperor) of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow in the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979. Due to his status as the last Shah of Iran, he is often known as simply the Shah.\nMohammad Reza Shah took the title Shahanshah (\"King of Kings\") on 26 October 1967. He was the second and last monarch of the House of Pahlavi. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi held several other titles, including that of Aryamehr (\"Light of the Aryans\") and Bozorg Arteshtaran (\"Commander-in-Chief\"). His dream of what he referred to as a \"Great Civilisation\" (Persian: \u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200e, romanized: tamadon-e bozorg) in Iran led to a rapid industrial and military modernisation, as well as economic and social reforms.Mohammad Reza came to power during World War II after an Anglo-Soviet invasion forced the abdication of his father, Reza Shah Pahlavi. During Mohammad Reza's reign, the British owned oil industry was briefly nationalized by Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh until a UK- and US-backed coup d'\u00e9tat deposed Mosaddegh and brought back foreign oil firms under the Consortium Agreement of 1954.During Mohammad Reza's reign, Iran marked the anniversary of 2,500 years of continuous Persian monarchy since the founding of the Achaemenid Empire by Cyrus the Great. Concurrent with this celebration, Mohammad Reza changed the benchmark of the Iranian calendar from the hegira to the beginning of the First Persian Empire, measured from Cyrus the Great's coronation. Mohammad Reza also introduced the White Revolution, a series of economic, social and political reforms with the proclaimed intention of transforming Iran into a global power and modernizing the nation by nationalizing certain industries and granting women suffrage. During his 38-year rule, Iran spent billions on industry, education, health, and armed forces and enjoyed economic growth rates exceeding the United States, England, and France. The national income also rose 423 times over. By 1977, Iran's armed services spending had made it the world's fifth strongest military. Mohammad Reza lost support from the Shi'a clergy of Iran and the working class due to alleged corruption related to himself and the royal family, suppression of political dissent via Iran's intelligence agency, SAVAK (including the arrest of up to 3,200 political prisoners), banishment of the Tudeh Party, US and UK support for his regime, his modernization policies, more rights for women, la\u00efcit\u00e9 or secularism, conflict with wealthy merchants known as bazaaris, relations with Israel, and clashes with leftists and Islamists.\nBy 1979, this political unrest became a revolution leading to the monarchy's overthrow. The Shah's refusal to order his troops to fire on protesters forced him to leave Iran on 17 January 1979. Soon thereafter, the Iranian monarchy was formally abolished, and Iran was declared an Islamic republic led by Ruhollah Khomeini (known in the West as Ayatollah Khomeini). Facing likely execution should he return to Iran, the Shah died in exile in Egypt, whose president, Anwar Sadat, had granted him asylum.", "Q524850": "Enzo Fiermonte (17 July 1908 \u2013 22 March 1993), sometimes credited as William Bird, was an Italian actor and boxer.", "Q157491": "Marie Louise (Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Franziska Therese Josepha Lucia; Italian: Maria Luisa Leopoldina Francesca Teresa Giuseppa Lucia; 12 December 1791 \u2013 17 December 1847) was an Austrian archduchess who reigned as Duchess of Parma from 1814 until her death. She was Napoleon's second wife and, as such, Empress of the French from 1810 to 1814.\nAs the eldest child of the Habsburg Emperor Francis II of Austria and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily, Marie Louise grew up during a period of continuous conflict between Austria and revolutionary France. A series of military defeats at the hands of Napoleon Bonaparte had inflicted a heavy human toll on Austria and led Francis to dissolve the Holy Roman Empire. The end of the War of the Fifth Coalition resulted in the marriage of Napoleon and Marie Louise in 1810, which ushered in a brief period of peace and friendship between Austria and the French Empire. Marie Louise agreed to the marriage despite being raised to despise France. She was adored by Napoleon, who had been eager to marry a member of one of Europe's leading royal houses to cement his relatively young Empire. With Napoleon, she bore a son, styled the King of Rome at birth, later Duke of Reichstadt, who briefly succeeded him as Napoleon II.\nNapoleon's fortunes changed dramatically in 1812 after his failed invasion of Russia. The European powers, including Austria, resumed hostilities towards France in the War of the Sixth Coalition, which ended with the abdication of Napoleon and his exile to Elba. The 1814 Treaty of Fontainebleau handed over the Duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla to Empress Marie Louise. She ruled the duchies until her death.\nMarie Louise married morganatically twice after Napoleon's death in 1821. Her second husband was Count Adam Albert von Neipperg (married 1821), an equerry she met in 1814. She and Neipperg had three children. After Neipperg's death, she married Count Charles-Ren\u00e9 de Bombelles, her chamberlain, in 1834. Marie Louise died in Parma in 1847.", "Q1481025": "Tarus Mateen, also known as Taurus Mateen and Tarus Dorsey Kinch (born October 21, 1967, Bakersfield, California) is an American double-bass and electric bassist, who works in jazz, pop, and R&B idioms.Mateen was a child prodigy on bass and went on a tour of the Caribbean when he was twelve years old. He received his bachelor's degree from Morehouse College, where he also played on the side, then relocated to New York City in 1988. He worked with Betty Carter, Marlon Jordan, Roy Hargrove, Eddie Harris, Kenny Burrell, Milt Jackson, Mark Whitfield, Tim Warfield, Rodney Kendrick, and Terence Blanchard in the early 1990s. Later in the decade he worked with Kenny Barron, Bobbi Humphrey, Marc Cary, Stefon Harris, and Greg Osby. In the 2000s he worked with Bernard Purdie, Nasheet Waits, Stanley Cowell, Mark Shim, Jacky Terrasson, Michael Marcus, Logan Richardson, and Jason Moran among others.\nMateen has also worked as a session musician and touring bassist for pop, soul, and R&B artists, including Christina Aguilera, OutKast, Toni Braxton, Goodie Mob, Q-Tip, Lauryn Hill, Ghostface Killah, Ice Cube, and The Roots.", "Q166894": "Benjamin Franklin Harding (January 4, 1823 \u2013 June 16, 1899) was an American attorney and politician born in Pennsylvania. He held political offices in the Oregon Territory and later served as a United States Senator from the state of Oregon.", "Q1209744": "Uterine cancer, also known as womb cancer, are two types of cancer that develops from the tissues of the uterus. Endometrial cancer forms from the lining of the uterus and uterine sarcoma forms from the muscles or support tissue of the uterus. Symptoms of endometrial cancer include unusual vaginal bleeding or pain in the pelvis. Symptoms of uterine sarcoma include unusual vaginal bleeding or a mass in the vagina.Risk factors for endometrial cancer include obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and a family history of the condition. Risk factors for uterine sarcoma include prior radiation therapy to the pelvis. Diagnosis of endometrial cancer is typically based on an endometrial biopsy. A diagnosis of uterine sarcoma may be suspected based on symptoms, a pelvic exam, and medical imaging.Endometrial cancer can often be cured while uterine sarcoma typically is harder to treat. Treatment may include a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. Just over 80% of people survive more than 5 years following diagnosis.In 2015 about 3.8 million people were affected globally and it resulted in 90,000 deaths. Endometrial cancer is relatively common while uterine sarcoma is rare. In the United States they represent 3.6% of new cancer cases. They most commonly occur in women between the ages of 55 and 74.", "Q52261": "Bex (German:Beis) is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, located in the district of Aigle. It is a few miles south of its sister town municipality of Aigle.", "Q23498": "Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. In Europe it is often viewed as either a discipline in its own right or a sub-field of other disciplines, while in North America archaeology is a sub-field of anthropology.Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. Archaeology is distinct from palaeontology, which is the study of fossil remains. It is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for whom there may be no written records to study. Prehistory includes over 99% of the human past, from the Paleolithic until the advent of literacy in societies across the world. Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.The discipline involves surveying, excavation and eventually analysis of data collected to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. It draws upon anthropology, history, art history, classics, ethnology, geography, geology, literary history, linguistics, semiology, sociology, textual criticism, physics, information sciences, chemistry, statistics, paleoecology, paleography, paleontology, paleozoology, and paleobotany.Archaeology developed out of antiquarianism in Europe during the 19th century, and has since become a discipline practiced across the world. Archaeology has been used by nation-states to create particular visions of the past. Since its early development, various specific sub-disciplines of archaeology have developed, including maritime archaeology, feminist archaeology and archaeoastronomy, and numerous different scientific techniques have been developed to aid archaeological investigation. Nonetheless, today, archaeologists face many problems, such as dealing with pseudoarchaeology, the looting of artifacts, a lack of public interest, and opposition to the excavation of human remains.", "Q121507": "Alicia Augello-Cook Dean (born January 25, 1981), known professionally as Alicia Keys, is an American musician, singer, composer, actress and pianist. A classically-trained pianist, Keys was composing songs by age 12 and was signed at 15 years old by Columbia Records. After disputes with the label, she signed with Arista Records, and later released her debut album, Songs in A Minor, with J Records in 2001. The album was critically and commercially successful, producing her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one single \"Fallin'\" and selling over 16 million copies worldwide. The album earned Keys five Grammy Awards in 2002. Her second album, The Diary of Alicia Keys (2003), was also a critical and commercial success, spawning successful singles \"You Don't Know My Name\", \"If I Ain't Got You\", and \"Diary\", and selling eight million copies worldwide. The album garnered her an additional four Grammy Awards. Her duet \"My Boo\" with Usher became her second number-one single in 2004. Keys released her first live album, Unplugged (2005), and became the first woman to have an MTV Unplugged album debut at number one. Keys hosted the Grammys two years in a row (2019-2020).\nHer third album, As I Am (2007), produced the Hot 100 number-one single \"No One\", selling 7 million copies worldwide and earning an additional three Grammy Awards. In 2007, Keys made her film debut in the action-thriller film Smokin' Aces. She, along with Jack White, recorded \"Another Way to Die\" (the title song to the 22nd official James Bond film, Quantum of Solace). Her fourth album, The Element of Freedom (2009), became her first chart-topping album in the UK, and sold 4 million copies worldwide. In 2009, Keys also collaborated with Jay Z on \"Empire State of Mind\", which became her fourth number-one single and won the Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration. Girl on Fire (2012) was her fifth Billboard 200 topping album, spawning the successful title track, and won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album. In 2013, VH1 Storytellers was released as her second live album. Her sixth studio album, Here (2016), became her seventh US R&B/Hip-Hop chart topping album. In 2020 announces the seventh studio album Alicia.\nKeys has received numerous accolades in her career, including 15 competitive Grammy Awards, 17 NAACP Image Awards, 12 ASCAP Awards, and an award from the Songwriters Hall of Fame and National Music Publishers Association. She has sold over 65 million records worldwide. Considered a musical icon, Keys was named by Billboard the top R&B artist of the 2000s decade and placed number 10 on their list of Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years. VH1 also included her on their 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and 100 Greatest Women in Music lists, while Time has named her in their 100 list of most influential people in 2005 and 2017. Keys is also acclaimed for her humanitarian work, philanthropy and activism. She co-founded and is the Global Ambassador of the nonprofit HIV/AIDS-fighting organization Keep a Child Alive.", "Q514993": "A\u00edda Bortnik (7 January 1938 \u2013 27 April 2013) was an Argentine screenwriter, nominated for an Academy Award for her work in the film La historia oficial (1985). She has the notable distinction of having written the screenplay for both the first Argentine film nominated for an Academy Award (The Truce, 1974) and the first Argentine film to win an Academy Award (La historia oficial).", "Q137832": "Kira Buckland (born July 16, 1987) is an American voice actress who has provided voices for English dubbed Japanese anime and video games. Some of her major roles are 2B in Nier: Automata, Reimi Sugimoto in JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Diamond Is Unbreakable, Hiyoko Saionji and Kirumi Tojo in the Danganronpa series, Talim and 2B in Soulcalibur VI, Heart Aino in BlazBlue: Cross Tag Battle, Falke in Street Fighter V, Edna in Tales of Zestiria, Mary Saotome in Kakegurui, and Julis-Alexia von Riessfeld in The Asterisk War.", "Q316850": "Robert Alan Ezrin (born March 25, 1949) is a Canadian music producer and keyboardist, best known for his work with Lou Reed, Alice Cooper, Kiss, Pink Floyd, Deep Purple, Peter Gabriel, and Phish. As of 2010, Ezrin's career in music had spanned four decades and his production work continued into the 21st century, with acts such as Deftones and Thirty Seconds to Mars.Since co-founding interactive media company 7th Level in 1993, Ezrin has branched out into philanthropy, activism and being an eco-warrior, supporting several organizations and individuals fighting for the future of our planet. Music has also been introduced into this realm of his life, underpinning projects such as Music Rising and Young Artists for Haiti. Ezrin is also involved in education, co-founding the Nimbus School of Recording Arts in 2009. Ezrin is the winner of three Juno Awards. In 2011, Ezrin was awarded the Special Achievement Award at the 2011 SOCAN Awards held in Toronto.", "Q361400": "William Rankin Patton (born June 14, 1954) is an American actor and audiobook narrator. He starred as Colonel Dan Weaver in the TNT science fiction series Falling Skies. He also appeared in films such as Remember the Titans, Armageddon, Gone in 60 Seconds and The Punisher. He appeared opposite Kevin Costner in two films: No Way Out (1987) and The Postman (1997). Patton's father, Bill Patton, was a playwright and acting/directing instructor. Patton has been in many films, starting in 1981. He has done many television appearances as well, starting in 1982 and he has done a great deal of voice work with audio books. He won two Obie Awards for best actor in Sam Shepard's play Fool for Love and the Public Theater production of What Did He See?.", "Q116624": "Palden Tenpai Nyima (1782\u20131853) was the seventh Panchen Lama of Tibet. \nLobsang Palden Yeshe, the previous Panchen Lama, died from smallpox in Beijing in 1780. The brother of Lobsang Palden Yeshe, Shamarpa, who was acting as Regent, wrote to the British Governor of India, Warren Hastings, in 1782 to say that a new incarnation had been found.Shamarpa had hoped to inherit some of the riches given to his brother in Beijing after his death. When this didn't eventuate, he conspired with the Nepalese who sent a Gurkha army in 1788 which took control of Shigatse. Shamarpa, however, did not keep his side of the bargain and the Gurkha army returned three years later to claim their spoils, but the Chinese sent an army to support the Tibetans and drove them back to Nepal in 1792.In 1810 (or 1811) Palden Tenpai Nyima gave the pre-novice ordination to the 9th Dalai Lama at the Potala Palace, and gave him the name Lungtok Gyatso.After Lungtok Gyatso died in 1815, eight years passed before a new Dalai Lama was chosen. The political events in this period are murky, but finally Palden Tenpai Nyima intervened and used the Golden Urn (from which names of candidates were picked) for the first time as part of the tests for the choice of the new Dalai Lama. In 1822 the 10th Dalai Lama was placed upon the Golden Throne and soon after his enthronement received his pre-novice ordination from Palden Tenpai Nyima, who gave him the name of Tsultrim Gyatso. He administered the Gelong vows (full ordination) to Tsultrin Gyatso in 1831.In 1842, Palden Tenpai Nyima recognised the new Dalai Lama cut his hair and administered the pre-novice vows, giving him the name of Khedrup Gyatso, who was then enthroned as the Eleventh Dalai Lama.In 1844, Palden Tenpai Nyima had a summer palace for the Panchen Lamas built about 1 km south of Tashilhunpo Monastery containing 2 chapels in walled gardens. The 10th Panchen Lama added sumptuous sitting rooms and audience room. It is now a popular picnic spot described in a tourist guide.In 1844 Gyatso left to travel to Eastern Tibet. Monks from Sera Monastery kidnapped three secretaries from the Regent's government to guarantee his welfare, which resulted in the declaration of a national emergency. Palden Tenpai Nyima was invited to return to Lhasa from Tsang Province and, in the 8th month of that year, was placed on the throne as the new regent. However, he only accepted that role for a short period, handing over the regency to Rva-dreng Nga-wang Ye-she Tsul-trim on the 4th month of the following year (1845).In 1846 Palden Tenpai Nyima administered the full novice ordination on Khedrup Gyatso.According to R. A. Stein, Tenpai Nyima \"enjoyed great prestige at the Chinese court.\"Unfortunately, all the tombs from the Fifth to the Ninth Panchen Lamas were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution and have been rebuilt by the 10th Panchen Lama with a huge tomb at Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse, known as the Tashi Langyar.", "Q532565": "Nora Iuga (born 4 January 1931) is a Romanian poet, writer and translator.\nIuga was born in Bucharest, Romania on 4 January 1931. As well as being a writer, Iuga has also worked as a journalist, foreign language assistant, and editor.Her first collection of poems was published in 1968 and was called Vina nu e a mea (It Is Not My Fault). She was censored between 1971 and 1978 by the communist government in Romania after the publication of her second collection off poems, Captivitatea cercului (Trapped in a Circle).The first English translation of her work, a collection of poems called The Hunchbacks\u2019 Bus, was published in 2016. Several of her works have also been translated into German.She was awarded with a grant from the Akademie Schloss Solitude in 2003 and won the Friedrich-Gundolf-Preis in 2007.", "Q35775": "Boise ( (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Idaho, and is the county seat of Ada County. Located on the Boise River in southwestern Idaho, it is 41 miles (66 km) east of the Oregon border, and 110 miles (177 km) north of the Nevada border. The downtown area's elevation is 2,704 feet (824 m) above sea level. Its estimated population in 2018 was 228,790.\n\nThe Boise-Nampa metropolitan area, also known as the Treasure Valley, includes five counties with a combined population of 709,845, the most populous metropolitan area in Idaho. It contains the state's three largest cities: Boise, Nampa, and Meridian. Boise is the 80th most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States.\nDowntown Boise is the cultural center and home to many small businesses and a few mid-rises. The area has a variety of shops and dining choices. Centrally, 8th Street contains a pedestrian zone with sidewalk cafes and restaurants. The neighborhood has many local restaurants, bars and boutiques and supports a vibrant nightlife. The area contains the Basque Block, which showcases Boise's Basque heritage. Downtown Boise's main attractions include the Idaho State Capitol, the classic Egyptian Theatre on the corner of Capitol Boulevard and Main Street, the Boise Art Museum on Capitol in front of Julia Davis Park, and Zoo Boise on the grounds of Julia Davis Park.\nBoise is also the site of the only human rights memorial in the U.S., the Anne Frank Human Rights Memorial, located next to its main library.\n\n", "Q52936": "Charles X Gustav, also Carl Gustav (Swedish: Karl X Gustav; 8 November 1622 \u2013 13 February 1660), was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death. He was the son of John Casimir, Count Palatine of Zweibr\u00fccken-Kleeburg and Catherine of Sweden. After his father's death he also succeeded him as Pfalzgraf. He was married to Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, who bore his son and successor, Charles XI. Charles X Gustav was the second Wittelsbach king of Sweden after the childless king Christopher of Bavaria (1441\u20131448) and he was the first king of the Swedish Caroline era, which had its peak during the end of the reign of his son, Charles XI. He led Sweden during the Second Northern War, enlarging the Swedish Empire. By his predecessor Christina, he was considered de facto Duke of Eyland (\u00d6land) before ascending to the Swedish throne.\nHis numbering as Charles X derives from a 16th-century invention. The Swedish king Charles IX (1604\u20131611) chose his numeral after studying a fictitious history of Sweden. This king was the fourth actual King Charles, but has never been called Charles IV.", "Q284498": "Mirjana Karanovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; born 28 January 1957) is a Serbian actress, film director and screenwriter. Considered one of the best Serbian and Yugoslavian actresses of all time, she is probably the best known for her performance in her debut film Petria's Wreath (Petrijin venac), as well as for her frequent collaborations with film directors Emir Kusturica and Jasmila \u017dbani\u0107. Karanovi\u0107 received international acclaim and a nomination for European Film Award for Best Actress for her role in \u017dbani\u0107's Grbavica.\nKaranovi\u0107's directorial debut, A Good Wife (Dobra \u017eena), had its world premiere at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival.", "Q4924433": "Blake John Miguez (born November 1981) is a Republican member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Iberia and Vermilion parishes. He won a special election on February 21, 2015, to succeed Simone B. Champagne, who resigned to become the chief administrative officer for the city of Youngsville in Lafayette Parish.\nMiguez, the president and CEO of SeaTran Marine, defeated fellow Republican John Robert Bering (born March 1959) of Jeanerette in Iberia Parish, a United States Army veteran who works as a helicopter pilot servicing the Gulf of Mexico.Miguez is a competitive shooter, a grand master of the United States Practical Shooting Association. He has competed in the first season of the History Channel's marksmen competition Top Shot.\n\n", "Q114033": "Marlene Mortler (n\u00e9e Hengelein; born 16 October 1955) is a German politician of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) who has been a Member of the European Parliament since 2019. She was a member of the German Parliament from 2002 until 2019. She also served as Commissioner on Narcotic Drugs at the Federal Ministry of Health in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2014 until 2019.\n\n", "Q68466": "Bellwald is a municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.", "Q817344": "Benito Cabrera Hern\u00e1ndez (born 1982 in Lanzarote) is a Canarian timple composer and virtuoso.\nHe moved to Tenerife to study psychology in University of La Laguna.\nHern\u00e1ndez is the author of the official hymn of the Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands. Benito Cabrera is the author of the song Nube de Hielo \"Ice Cloud\", one of the most deeply rooted songs between canaries.", "Q152066": "Take That are an English pop group formed in Manchester in 1989. The group currently consists of Gary Barlow, Howard Donald and Mark Owen. The original line-up also featured Jason Orange and Robbie Williams. Barlow is the group's lead singer and primary songwriter, with Owen and Williams initially providing backing vocals and Donald and Orange serving primarily as dancers.The group have had 28 top 40 singles and 17 top 5 singles in the UK Singles Chart, 12 of which have reached number one, including \"Back for Good\", \"Never Forget\", \"Patience\" and \"Greatest Day\". They have also had eight number one albums on the UK Albums Chart. Internationally, the band have had 56 number one singles and 39 number one albums. They have received eight Brit Awards\u2014winning for Best British Group and Best British Live Act. In 2012 they received an Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music. According to the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), Take That has been certified for 14 million albums and 10.8 million singles in the UK.Williams left the band in 1995 while the four remaining members completed their world tour and released a final single before splitting up in 1996. After filming a 2005 Take That: For the Record about the group and releasing a new greatest hits album, a four-piece Take That without Williams officially announced a 2006 reunion tour around the UK, entitled The Ultimate Tour. On 9 May 2006, it was announced that the group were set to record new material together once again; their fourth studio album, Beautiful World, was released in 2006 and was followed up with The Circus, in 2008. The group achieved new success as a four-piece, scoring a string of chart hits across the UK and Europe while selling over 45 million records worldwide. Williams rejoined Take That in 2010 for the band's sixth studio album, Progress. Released on 15 November of that year, it was the first album of new material to feature Take That's original line-up since their 1995 album, Nobody Else. It became the fastest-selling album of the 21st century and the second fastest-selling album in British history.In 2014, the band recorded a seventh studio album, this time as a trio without Williams and Orange. The album, titled III, was released in November 2014 and became the band's seventh number one. It was preceded by the single \"These Days\", which became the band's 12th number one single in the UK.In 2011, Take That set the new record for the fastest-selling tour of all time in the UK with Progress Live, beating the previous record set by their Circus Live Tour in 2009. At the 2011 Brit Awards they won Best British Group. In 2012, Forbes named them the fifth highest-earning music stars in the world. The group performed at the London 2012 Olympic Games closing ceremony, playing \"Rule the World\" while the Olympic Flame was extinguished. In the same year, the Official Charts Company revealed the biggest-selling singles artists in British music chart history with Take That currently placed at 15th overall, making them the most successful boy band in UK chart history. Four of their albums are listed in the best-selling albums of the millennium, with three of them among the 60 best-selling albums in UK chart history.", "Q4859382": "Barbara Ann Woodhead Winder (May 9, 1931 \u2013 June 25, 2017) was the eleventh general president of the Relief Society of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1984 to 1990.\n\n", "Q818077": "Beny Steinmetz (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05de\u05e5\u200e; born 1956) is an Israeli businessman, with a portfolio in diamond-mining, and real estate.", "Q848640": "Boyd Blake Rice (born December 16, 1956) is an American experimental sound/noise musician using the name of NON since the mid-1970s, archivist, actor, photographer, author, member of the Partridge Family Temple religious group, co-founder of the UNPOP art movement and current staff writer for Modern Drunkard magazine.\n\n", "Q69778": "Milan Hor\u00e1\u010dek (born 30 October 1946 in Velk\u00e9 Losiny, then in Czechoslovakia), is a Czech-born German politician, a founding member of the German Green Party, a former member of the Bundestag (1983\u20131985) and a former Member of the European Parliament (2004\u20132009).\nFrom 1965 to 1967 his political activism got him into trouble with the Czechoslovak communist regime, and he was arrested several times. After the suppression of the Prague Spring in 1968, he fled from Czechoslovakia and settled in West Germany. There he worked in industry and for a trade union magazine. From 1976 to 1981 he studied political science in Frankfurt, and in 1979 was involved in the establishment of Die Gr\u00fcnen. In the 1980s he was active in Hesse for the party, was a municipal councillor in Frankfurt 1981\u20131983, and was elected to the Bundestag in 1983, serving until 1985, as a member of its Foreign Affairs Committee. His main interests there were foreign affairs and security, Central and Eastern Europe and human rights. From 1985 to 1990, he was a group specialist on foreign and security policy, human rights and Eastern Europe.\nBesides his political work, Hor\u00e1\u010dek engaged in Czechoslovakian exile activities. He was publisher of the Czech exile magazine Listy (\"Sheets\"). In 1990 his Czech citizenship was restored and president V\u00e1clav Havel appointed him to the Council of Advisers. He was director of the Heinrich B\u00f6ll Foundation's office in Prague from 1991 to 2004, and also worked at its Bonn office 1998\u20132000.\nAs a candidate of the Green Party federations of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia he was elected to the European Parliament in June 2004. He also participates in activities of Green Party in the Czech Republic and was not reelected to European Parliament in June 2009.In 2008, he co-organized (with Gisela Kallenbach) a public hearing in the European Parliament on totalitarian regimes in support of the Prague Declaration. He co-sponsored the European Parliament resolution of 2 April 2009 on European conscience and totalitarianism.", "Q38251": "Christophe Bataille, born 1971, is a French writer.", "Q257818": "Throne of Blood (\u8718\u86db\u5de3\u57ce, Kumonosu-j\u014d, \"Spider Web Castle\") is a 1957 Japanese historical drama film co-written and directed by Akira Kurosawa. The film transposes the plot of William Shakespeare's play Macbeth from Medieval Scotland to feudal Japan, with stylistic elements drawn from Noh drama. The film stars Toshiro Mifune and Isuzu Yamada in the lead roles, modelled on the characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth.\nAs with the play, the film tells the story of a warrior who assassinates his sovereign at the urging of his ambitious wife. Kurosawa was a fan of the play and intended to make his own adaptation for several years, delaying it after learning of Orson Welles' Macbeth (1948). Among his changes was the ending, which required archers to fire arrows around Mifune. The film was shot around Mount Fuji and Izu Peninsula.\nDespite the change in setting and language and numerous creative liberties, Throne of Blood often is considered one of the better film adaptations of the play. It won two Mainichi Film Awards, including Best Actor for Mifune.\n\n", "Q237134": "The Lost Weekend is a 1945 American film directed by Billy Wilder starring Ray Milland and Jane Wyman. It was based on Charles R. Jackson's 1944 novel of the same name about an alcoholic writer. The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards and won four: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Adapted Screenplay. It also shared the Grand Prix at the first Cannes Film Festival, making it one of only three films (the other two being Marty (1955) and Parasite (2019) to win both the Academy Award for Best Picture and the highest award at Cannes.\nIn 2011, The Lost Weekend was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 100% based on 33 reviews, with an average rating of 8.32/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Director Billy Wilder's unflinchingly honest look at the effects of alcoholism may have had some of its impact blunted by time, but it remains a powerful and remarkably prescient film.\"", "Q76658": "Frank-Walter Steinmeier OMRI GColIH GCM (German: [\u02c8f\u0281a\u014bk\u02ccvalt\u0250 \u02c8\u0283ta\u026a\u032fn\u02ccma\u026a\u032f.\u0250]; born 5 January 1956) is a German politician serving as President of Germany since 19 March 2017. He was previously Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2005 to 2009 and again from 2013 to 2017, and Vice-Chancellor of Germany from 2007 to 2009. He was chairman-in-office of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in 2016.\nSteinmeier is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), holds a doctorate in law and was formerly a career civil servant. He was a close aide of Gerhard Schr\u00f6der when Schr\u00f6der was Prime Minister of Lower Saxony during most of the 1990s, and served as Schr\u00f6der's chief of staff from 1996. When Schr\u00f6der became Chancellor of Germany in 1998, Steinmeier was appointed Under-Secretary of State in the German Chancellery with the responsibility for the intelligence services. From 1999 to 2005 he served as Chief of Staff of the Chancellery.\nFollowing the 2005 federal election, Steinmeier became Foreign Minister in the first grand coalition government of Angela Merkel, and from 2007 he additionally held the office of vice chancellor. In 2008, he briefly served as acting chairman of his party. He was the SPD's candidate for chancellor in the 2009 federal election, but his party lost the election and he left the federal cabinet to become leader of the opposition. Following the 2013 federal election he again became Minister for Foreign Affairs in Merkel's second grand coalition. In November 2016 he was announced as the candidate of the governing coalition consisting of his own party and the CDU/CSU for President of Germany, and thus became the presumptive elect as the coalition held a large majority in the Federal Convention; he left the cabinet on 27 January 2017. He was elected as president by the Federal Convention on 12 February 2017, winning 74 percent of the vote.\nSteinmeier belongs to the right wing of the SPD, known as reformists and moderates. As chief of staff he was a principal architect of Agenda 2010, the Schr\u00f6der government's controversial reforms of the welfare state. His lenient policies towards countries such as Russia and China have earned him criticism both in Germany and internationally, and he has been criticized for prioritizing German business interests over human rights.", "Q445921": "J\u00f3n Gnarr (Icelandic pronunciation: \u200b[\u02c8jou\u02d0n \u02c8knar\u02d0]; born 2 January 1967) is an Icelandic actor, comedian, and politician who served as the Mayor of Reykjav\u00edk from 2010 to 2014.Born J\u00f3n Gunnar Kristinsson, J\u00f3n legally changed his middle name in 2005 to the way his mother pronounced it when he was a boy. He prefers to be addressed as J\u00f3n Gnarr as he does not wish to carry his father's name. Under national law overseen by the Icelandic Naming Committee, he had not been allowed to legally drop \"Kristinsson\" from his name as seen on his passport until 2015.Gnarr was a well-known comedian and actor starting in the 1990s, including teaming with Sigurj\u00f3n Kjartansson as the duo Tv\u00edh\u00f6f\u00f0i on radio and television. In 2009, he formed the Best Party, a political party that began as political satire but quickly turned into a real political player due to its electoral successes, which were perceived to be a reaction to the 2008\u20132011 Icelandic financial crisis.", "Q23091918": "Marcia Resnick (born 1950) is a photographer, author, and graphic artist. She was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1950 and lives in New York, New York.", "Q60984": "Judith Hermann (born May 15, 1970) is a German author. She has published several books of short stories and her first novel was published in 2014. She is a leading figure of the Fr\u00e4uleinwunder (\"girl wonder\") of women writers.", "Q2853521": "Colonel Antoine-Louis Henri de Polier (1741\u20131795) was a Swiss adventurer, art collector, military engineer and soldier who made his fortune in India in the eighteenth century. He was the father of Count Adolphe de Polier.", "Q71651": "Garrelt Duin (born 2 April 1968 in Leer, Lower Saxony) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).", "Q51581": "Howard Winchester Hawks (May 30, 1896 \u2013 December 26, 1977) was an American film director, producer and screenwriter of the classic Hollywood era. Critic Leonard Maltin called him \"the greatest American director who is not a household name.\"\nA versatile film director, Hawks explored many genres such as comedies, dramas, gangster films, science fiction, film noir, and westerns. His most popular films include Scarface (1932), Bringing Up Baby (1938), Only Angels Have Wings (1939), His Girl Friday (1940), To Have and Have Not (1944), The Big Sleep (1946), Red River (1948), The Thing from Another World (1951), Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), and Rio Bravo (1959). His frequent portrayals of strong, tough-talking female characters came to define the \"Hawksian woman\".\nIn 1942, Hawks was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director for Sergeant York. In 1974, he was awarded an Honorary Academy Award as \"a master American filmmaker whose creative efforts hold a distinguished place in world cinema.\" His work has influenced various popular and respected directors such as Martin Scorsese, Robert Altman, Jean-Luc Godard, John Carpenter, and Quentin Tarantino.", "Q20378": "Alternative metal (also known as alt-metal) is a rock music fusion genre that infuses heavy metal with influences from alternative rock and other genres not normally associated with metal. Alternative metal bands are often characterized by heavily downtuned, mid-paced guitar riffs, a mixture of accessible melodic vocals and harsh vocals and sometimes unconventional sounds within other heavy metal styles. The term has been in use since the 1980s, although it came into prominence in the 1990s.Other genres considered part of the alternative metal movement included rap metal and funk metal, both of which influenced another prominent subgenre, nu metal. Nu metal expands the alternative metal sound, combining its vocal stylings and downtuned riffs with elements of other genres, such as hip hop, funk, thrash metal, hardcore punk and industrial metal.", "Q615162": "Bill Flagg (born 1934) is an American country and rockabilly singer, who was the first to use the term, rockabilly.", "Q186237": "Joensuu (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8joensu\u02d0]; lit. \"river's mouth\"; Karelian: Jovensuu) is a city and municipality in North Karelia. It was founded in 1848. The population of Joensuu is 76,543 (January 31, 2019), and the economic region of Joensuu has a population of 115,000. As is typical of cities in Eastern Finland, Joensuu is monolingually Finnish.\nJoensuu is a lively student city with a subsidiary of the University of Eastern Finland, which has over 15,000 enrolled students, and a further 4,000 students at the Karelia University of Applied Sciences.The largest employers are the municipal City of Joensuu, North Karelian Hospital District Federation of Municipalities, Abloy and Punamusta.\nThe European Forest Institute, the University and many other institutes and export enterprises such as Abloy and John Deere give Joensuu an international flavour.\n\n", "Q688733": "The Lovebugs are a Swiss rock band from Basel, Switzerland founded in 1992.\nThey are one of Switzerland's most successful bands with three number one albums in the Swiss charts.", "Q2619019": "William Sanford Nye (born November 27, 1955), popularly known as Bill Nye the Science Guy, is an American science communicator, television presenter, and mechanical engineer. He is best known as the host of the PBS and syndicated children's science show Bill Nye the Science Guy (1993\u20131998), the Netflix show Bill Nye Saves the World (2017\u20132018), and for his many subsequent appearances in popular media as a science educator.\nBorn in Washington, D.C., Nye began his career as a mechanical engineer for Boeing Corporation in Seattle, where he invented a hydraulic resonance suppressor tube used on 747 airplanes. In 1986, Nye left Boeing to pursue comedy, writing and performing jokes and bits for the local sketch television show Almost Live!, where he regularly conducted wacky science experiments. Nye aspired to become the next Mr. Wizard, and with the help of several producers, successfully pitched the children's television program Bill Nye the Science Guy to KCTS-TV, Seattle's public television station. The show\u2014which proudly proclaimed in its theme song that \"science rules!\"\u2014ran from 1993 to 1998 in national TV syndication. Known for its \"high-energy presentation and MTV-paced segments,\" the program became a hit among kids and adults, was critically acclaimed and was nominated for 23 Emmy Awards, winning 19.\nFollowing the success of his show, Nye continued to advocate for science, becoming the CEO of the Planetary Society and helping develop sundials for the Mars Exploration Rover missions. He has written two bestselling books on science: Undeniable: Evolution and the Science of Creation (2014) and Unstoppable: Harnessing Science to Change the World (2015). He has appeared frequently on other TV shows, including Dancing with the Stars, The Big Bang Theory, and Inside Amy Schumer. He starred in a documentary about his life and science advocacy, Bill Nye: Science Guy, which premiered at the South by Southwest Film Festival in March 2017; and, in October 2017, was named a NYT Critic's Pick. In 2017, he debuted the Netflix series Bill Nye Saves the World.", "Q841664": "Krzysztof Boru\u0144 (November 23, 1923 \u2013 May 22, 2000) was a Polish physicist, journalist and science fiction writer. As an author of a number of essays, articles and novels, he was an important popularizer of science. By his contemporaries, Boru\u0144 was described as the \"visionary of space travel\"", "Q4333951": "Stephen Thayer Olney (February 15, 1812 \u2013 July 27, 1878) was an American manufacturer and botanist with expertise in the genus Carex.The monotypic plant genus Olneya (Olneya tesota, desert ironwood) was named in his honor by his friend and fellow botanist Asa Gray.The standard author abbreviation Olney is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.\n\n", "Q4061077": "Aleksey Ivanovich Aleksandrov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432, born 3 May 1952 in Leningrad, Soviet Union) is a Russian lawyer, businessman, and politician.\nIn 1993\u20132003 he was a deputy of the State Duma first from Our Home \u2013 Russia then from Unity and then United Russia. Since 2004, he has been the representative of the legislative assembly of Kaluga Oblast in the Federation Council of Russia.", "Q4820641": "August Alexander Lev\u00f3n (1820-1875) started Finland's first steam-powered mill which first focused on milling rye for bread producers, in 1849. This mill was the beginning of Vaasan & Vaasan, the biggest bakery business in Finland and the Baltic region, one of the largest crisp bread producers in the world and a significant Nordic producer of bake-off products.\nLev\u00f3n was born in Raahe. The original name of his family was Leinonen. He came to Vaasa at the age of 19 and started to work at a pharmacy. He wanted to start his own pharmacy in the town but did not get the permission to do so. Instead of continuing with the pharmacy he became an industrialist.Lev\u00f3n went on to found a cotton factory and a shipping company. His contribution to the industrial progress of Vaasa and Finland is very significant.", "Q1395790": "Francesco Antonio Vallotti (11 June 1697 \u2013 10 January 1780) was an Italian composer, music theorist, and organist.", "Q268356": "Allegra Versace Beck (Italian pronunciation: [al\u02c8le\u02d0\u0261ra ver\u02c8sa\u02d0t\u0283e \u02c8b\u025bk]; born 30 June 1986), commonly known as Allegra Versace, is an Italian American heiress and socialite. Since 2011 Allegra has been a director of Gianni Versace S.p.A. and has worked in New York City as a theatrical dresser.\n\n", "Q951305": "The University of Cape Town (UCT) is a public research university located in Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. UCT was founded in 1829 as the South African College making it the oldest higher education institute in South Africa. In terms of full university status, it is jointly the oldest university in South Africa and the oldest extant university in Sub-Saharan Africa alongside Stellenbosch University which received full university status on the same day in 1918.\nAlthough UCT was founded by a private act of Parliament in 1918, the Statute of the University of Cape Town issued in 2002 in terms of the Higher Education Act sets out its structure and roles through which it places, the Chancellor currently, Dr Precious Moloi Motsepe, as the ceremonial figurehead and invests real leadership authority in the Vice Chancellor, currently Prof Mamokgethi Phakeng, who is accountable to the University Council. Consisting of 57 departments organised in 6 faculties and the multidisciplinary Centre for Higher Education Development, the university comprises of approximately 29000 to 30000 students in the liberal arts, pure sciences and professional degrees ranging from Bachelor's degree (NQF 7) to Doctoral level (NQF 10). A vibrant student community comprised of over 100 societies and clubs caters to diverse interests such as sport, religion, politics, culture and community outreach, prominently appearing in national leagues such as, but not limited to, the Varsity Cup. The historic (and ongoing) academic, sporting and political rivalry between UCT and Stellenbosch University brought about the nickname \"Ikeys\". Stretching over six campuses in the Cape Town suburbs of Rondebosch, Hiddingh, Observatory, Mowbray and the V&A Waterfront, the medium of instruction is solely in the English language.\nUCT is the highest-ranked African university in the QS World University Rankings, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities, and its Commerce, Law, and Medicine Faculties are consistently placed among the hundred best internationally. It is the only African member of the Global University Leaders Forum (GULF), within the World Economic Forum, which is made up of 26 of the world's top universities.Five alumni, staff members and researchers associated with UCT have won the Nobel Prize. As of March 2020, 35 UCT staff members are A-rated NRF researchers (comprising 30% of the national total) and 88 staff members are members of the Academy of Sciences of South Africa.\n\n", "Q96974": "Ferdinand \"Ferdi\" Gatzweiler (born 2 June 1955) was the mayor of the city of Stolberg, in the Rhineland, from 2004\u20132014. He is a member of the SPD.", "Q368424": "Avan Tudor Jogia (; born February 9, 1992) is a Canadian-British actor, singer, activist, director, and writer. He is best known for his television roles Beck Oliver in Nickelodeon sitcom Victorious, Danny Desai in ABC Family drama Twisted, Roman Mercer in Syfy paranormal action series Ghost Wars, and Ulysses Zane in Starz comedy Now Apocalypse.\nJogia first came to prominence with his portrayal of Danny Araujo in the 2006 biographical television film A Girl Like Me: The Gwen Araujo Story. After moving to the United States in his late teens, he landed various television roles within series such as Caprica (2009\u20132010), and the miniseries Tut (2015). Numerous credits in television and cinema include Spectacular! (2009), Finding Hope Now (2010), Rags (2012), Ten Thousand Saints (2015), I Am Michael (2015) and Zombieland: Double Tap (2019). His directorial debut came in 2011 with the short film Alex, which was followed by the 2016 web series Last Teenagers of the Apocalypse.\nIn 2011, Jogia co-founded the LGBT online organization Straight But Not Narrow, which seeks to shape the viewpoints of teenagers and adults on matters pertaining to the LGBT community. In 2019, he published his first book, Mixed Feelings, a series of short stories and poems about multiracial identity. \n\n", "Q983243": "Stephen Hunter (born March 25, 1946) is an American novelist, essayist, and film critic.", "Q1557846": "Jerry Jerome (19 June 1912, in Brooklyn \u2013 17 November 2001) was an American jazz and Big Band musician, a tenor saxophonist. He played with Glenn Miller and Red Norvo, then Benny Goodman from 1938 to 1940, and Artie Shaw.", "Q930937": "Michael Cudlitz (born December 29, 1964) is an American actor and director, known for portraying John Cooper on the TNT drama series Southland for which he won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2013, Sergeant Denver \"Bull\" Randleman on the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers, and Sergeant Abraham Ford on the AMC horror series The Walking Dead.", "Q504969": "Alessandro Moreschi (11 November 1858 \u2013 21 April 1922) was an Italian castrato singer of the late 19th century and the only castrato to make solo recordings.", "Q901532": "Sir John Bennet Lawes, 1st Baronet, FRS (28 December 1814 \u2013 31 August 1900) was an English entrepreneur and agricultural scientist. He founded an experimental farm at his home at Rothamsted Manor that eventually became the Rothamsted Experimental Station, where he developed a superphosphate that would mark the beginnings of the chemical fertilizer industry.", "Q156572": "Christian VII (29 January 1749 \u2013 13 March 1808) was a monarch of the House of Oldenburg who was King of Denmark\u2013Norway and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein from 1766 until his death. For his motto he chose: \"Gloria ex amore patriae\" (\"glory through love of the fatherland\").Christian VII's reign was marked by mental illness and for most of his reign Christian was only nominally king. His half-brother Frederick was designated as regent of Denmark in 1772. From 1784 until Christian VII's death in 1808, Christian's son, later Frederick VI, acted as unofficial regent.", "Q43191": "The Wendenhorn is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Uri. It is located approximately halfway between the Titlis and the Susten Pass.", "Q89840": "Johann H\u00fcbner (17 March 1668 \u2013 21 May 1731) was a German geographer and scholar, who taught by the question and answer method.", "Q2867848": "The New Brunswick Liberal Association (French: Association lib\u00e9rale du Nouveau-Brunswick), more popularly known as the New Brunswick Liberal Party or Liberal Party of New Brunswick, is one of the two major provincial political parties in New Brunswick, Canada. The party descended from both the Confederation Party and the Anti-Confederation Party whose members split into left-wing and right-wing groups following the creation of Canada as a nation in 1867.\nThe current political organization emerged in the 1880s to serve as an organization housing the supporters of Premier Andrew G. Blair and, later, federal Liberal Party of Canada leader Wilfrid Laurier.\nToday, the New Brunswick Liberal Party follows the centre-left tradition. They compete with the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick to form the government. The People's Alliance Party and the Green Party are the only other major parties that have seats in the legislature. The NDP is not currently represented in the legislature.\nLike its counterparts in the Atlantic Canada provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island, the New Brunswick Liberal Association serves both as the provincial chapter of the federal Liberal Party of Canada and as the provincial party. While its leader acts only in the provincial capacity, the party executive organizes for both provincial and federal election campaigns.", "Q167977": "Skunk Anansie are a British rock band whose members include Skin (lead vocals, guitar), Cass (bass, guitar, backing vocals), Ace (guitar, backing vocals) and Mark Richardson (drums and percussion).\nSkunk Anansie formed in 1994, disbanded in 2001 and reformed in 2009. The name \"Skunk Anansie\" is taken from Akan folk tales of Anansi the spider-man of Ghana, with \"Skunk\" added to \"make the name nastier\".They have released six studio albums: Paranoid & Sunburnt (1995), Stoosh (1996), Post Orgasmic Chill (1999), Wonderlustre (2010), Black Traffic (2012) and Anarchytecture (2016); one compilation album, Smashes and Trashes (2009); and several hit singles, including \"Charity\", \"Hedonism\", \"Selling Jesus\" and \"Weak\".\nThey are often grouped as part of a Britrock movement, running alongside Britpop. The band, in 2004, was named as one of the most successful UK chart acts between 1952 and 2003 by the Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums, with a total of 142 weeks on both the singles and album charts ranking them at No. 491. When the book first published this annual top 500 list in 2000, it only involved weeks spent on the singles chart until 2004's 17th edition.", "Q359835": "Anders Trentem\u00f8ller (Danish: [\u02c8\u0251n\u0250s \u02c8ts\u02b0\u0281\u0251nt\u0259\u02ccm\u00f8\u02c0l\u0250]; born 16 October 1972) is a Danish indie/electronic music composer, producer and multi-instrumentalist based in Copenhagen, Denmark.", "Q96960": "Franz Christoph Ignaz Moufang (17 February 1817 \u2013 27 February 1890) was a German Catholic theologian and diocesan administrator.", "Q743442": "Claude Roy Kirk Jr. (January 7, 1926 \u2013 September 28, 2011) was the 36th Governor of the U.S. state of Florida (1967\u20131971). He was the first Republican Governor of Florida since Reconstruction.\n\n", "Q4764432": "Ania Walwicz (born 1951) is a contemporary Australian poet and prose writer, and visual artist.\nAnia Walwicz was born in Swidnica, Poland where she spent her childhood, before migrating to Australia in 1963. She attended the Victorian College of the Arts (VCA) in Melbourne. Her writing tends toward an impressionistic, stream of consciousness exploration of inner states. It also exploits 'appropriative' or 'sampling' techniques of production. Apart from publication in numerous anthologies, journals and several books, her work has been performed by La Mama Theatre, the Sydney Chamber Choir and more recently set to music by ChamberMade. She has performed her work in France, Japan and Switzerland and currently teaches creative writing at RMIT in Melbourne.\n\n", "Q704709": "Manuel Galb\u00e1n (January 14, 1931 \u2013 July 7, 2011) was a Grammy-winning Cuban guitarist, pianist and arranger, most notable for his work with Los Zafiros, Ry Cooder and the Buena Vista Social Club. One of two surviving members of Los Zafiros, he died on July 7, 2011 of cardiac arrest at his home in Havana, Cuba.", "Q33476": "Maryline Desbiolles (born 21 May 1959 in Ugine, Savoie) is a French writer and winner of the Prix Femina, 1999, for Anchise.", "Q636977": "Graham Fraser (born 1946) is Canada's sixth Commissioner of Official Languages, and a former Canadian journalist and writer. He is the author of several books, both in English and French.\n\n", "Q126095": "Electronic engineering (also called electronics and communications engineering) is an electrical engineering discipline which utilizes nonlinear and active electrical components (such as semiconductor devices, especially transistors, diodes and integrated circuits) to design electronic circuits, devices, VLSI devices and their systems. The discipline typically also designs passive electrical components, usually based on printed circuit boards. \nElectronics is a subfield within the wider electrical engineering academic subject but denotes a broad engineering field that covers subfields such as analog electronics, digital electronics, consumer electronics, embedded systems and power electronics. Electronics engineering deals with implementation of applications, principles and algorithms developed within many related fields, for example solid-state physics, radio engineering, telecommunications, control systems, signal processing, systems engineering, computer engineering, instrumentation engineering, electric power control, robotics, and many others.\nThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is one of the most important and influential organizations for electronics engineers based in the US. On an international level, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) prepares standards for electronic engineering, developed through consensus and thanks to the work of 20,000 experts from 172 countries worldwide.\n\n", "Q522004": "Ben Lucien Burman (December 12, 1896 \u2013 November 12, 1984) was an American author and journalist born in Covington, Kentucky. He also fought in both World War I and World War II, and graduated from Harvard University. He was married to Alice Caddy who illustrated many of his children's books, including his most popular books, the Catfish Bend series, which became popular with both children and adults. The series is set in Catfish Bend, Mississippi, and tells a tale of many animal residents in Catfish Bend. The series was eventually published in eleven different languages.\nBen Burman died from a stroke at the age of 88.", "Q61456": "Felix Dahn (9 February 1834 \u2013 3 January 1912) was a German law professor, German nationalist author, poet and historian.", "Q1724810": "Nat Adderley Jr. (born May 23, 1955) is an American pop and rhythm and blues music arranger and pianist who spent much of his music career arranging as music director for Luther Vandross tours and contributed as co-songwriter on most of Vandross's albums. His father Nat Adderley (1931\u20132000) was a composer and jazz cornet and trumpet player, while his uncle Cannonball Adderley (1928\u20131975) was a jazz alto saxophonist.", "Q28730": "Saul (; Hebrew: \u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05d0\u05d5\u05bc\u05dc \u2013 \u0160\u0101\u02be\u016bl, Greek: \u03a3\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb, meaning \"asked for, prayed for\"), according to the Hebrew Bible, was the first king of the United Kingdom of Israel (Israel and Judah). His reign, traditionally placed in the late 11th century BC, supposedly marked a transition from a tribal society to statehood.Saul's life and reign are described in the Hebrew Bible. He was anointed by the prophet Samuel and reigned from Gibeah. He fell on his sword (committing suicide) to avoid capture in the battle against the Philistines at Mount Gilboa, during which three of his sons were also killed. The succession to his throne was contested by Ish-bosheth, his only surviving son, and his son-in-law David, who eventually prevailed. According to the Hebrew text of the Bible Saul reigned for forty two years, but scholars generally agree that the text is faulty and that a reign of twenty or twenty-two years is more probable.", "Q37610": "David Ben-Gurion ( ben GOOR-ee-\u0259n; Hebrew: \u05d3\u05b8\u05bc\u05d5\u05b4\u05d3 \u05d1\u05b6\u05bc\u05df-\u05d2\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05df [da\u02c8vid ben \u0261u\u0281\u02c8jon] (listen); born David Gr\u00fcn; 16 October 1886 \u2013 1 December 1973) was the primary national founder of the State of Israel and the first Prime Minister of Israel. He was the preeminent leader of the Jewish community in British Mandate Palestine from 1935 until the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, which he led until 1963 with a short break in 1954-55.\nBen-Gurion's passion for Zionism, which began early in life, led him to become a major Zionist leader and executive head of the World Zionist Organization in 1946. As head of the Jewish Agency from 1935, and later president of the Jewish Agency Executive, he was the de facto leader of the Jewish community in Palestine, and largely led its struggle for an independent Jewish state in Mandatory Palestine. On 14 May 1948, he formally proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel, and was the first to sign the Israeli Declaration of Independence, which he had helped to write. Ben-Gurion led Israel during the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War, and united the various Jewish militias into the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Subsequently, he became known as \"Israel's founding father\".Following the war, Ben-Gurion served as Israel's first prime minister and minister of defense. As prime minister, he helped build the state institutions, presiding over national projects aimed at the development of the country. He also oversaw the absorption of vast numbers of Jews from all over the world. A centerpiece of his foreign policy was improving relationships with the West Germans. He worked with Konrad Adenauer's government in Bonn, and West Germany provided large sums (in the Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany) in compensation for Nazi Germany's confiscation of Jewish property during the Holocaust.In 1954 he resigned as prime minister and minister of defense but remained a member of the Knesset. He returned as minister of defense in 1955 after the Lavon Affair and the resignation of Pinhas Lavon. Later that year he became prime minister again, following the 1955 elections. Under his leadership, Israel responded aggressively to Arab guerrilla attacks, and in 1956, invaded Egypt along with British and French forces after Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal during what became known as the Suez Crisis.\nHe stepped down from office in 1963, and retired from political life in 1970. He then moved to Sde Boker, a kibbutz in the Negev desert, where he lived until his death. Posthumously, Ben-Gurion was named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Important People of the 20th century.", "Q1356917": "Ernest Leslie Konnyu (born May 17, 1937) is an American businessman and former Republican U.S. Representative from Silicon Valley, California, 12th congressional district, and a former California State Assembly Member from the 22nd district.", "Q71645": "Elisabeth Axmann (Siret, 19 June 1926 - Cologne, April 2015) was a Romanian writer, art and literature critic. She spent her childhood in Bukovina, Moldavia and Transylvania. Axmann moved to Germany in 1977.", "Q228766": "Patricia Rooney Mara ( MAIR-\u0259; born April 17, 1985) is an American actress. Born into the Rooney and Mara sports business families, she graduated from the Gallatin School of Individualized Study in 2010. She began acting in television and independent films, such as the coming-of-age drama Tanner Hall (2009), and first gained recognition for a supporting role in David Fincher's biographical drama The Social Network (2010).\nMara had a career breakthrough when she starred as Lisbeth Salander in Fincher's thriller The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011), which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Her career progressed with leading roles in the thriller Side Effects (2013), the science fiction romance Her (2013), and the romantic drama Carol (2015). For the lattermost, she won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She has since appeared in the biographical drama Lion (2016), the supernatural drama A Ghost Story (2017), and portrayed Mary Magdalene in the biblical drama Mary Magdalene (2018).\nMara is known for her charity work and oversees the Uweza Foundation, which supports empowerment programs for children and families in the Kibera slum of Nairobi. She is also the founder of the vegan clothing line Hiraeth Collective.", "Q105894": "Wolfgang Peukert (born 9 June 1958 in Karlsruhe) is a German process engineer. He won the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize in 2005.", "Q68314": "Heinrich Sch\u00ebuch (sometimes Sche\u00fcch; 21 June 1864, S\u00e9lestat \u2013 3 September 1946, Bad Kissingen) was a German officer of the Prussian Army, Generalleutnant of the German Army and (from 1918 to 1919) Prussian Minister of War.", "Q231237": "Karen Sheila Gillan (; born 28 November 1987) is a Scottish actress and filmmaker. She first became known for playing Amy Pond, a primary companion to the Eleventh Doctor, in the BBC One series Doctor Who (2010\u20132013). She received international recognition for playing Nebula in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019), and for her starring role in Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017) and Jumanji: The Next Level (2019).\nOn the stage, Gillan appeared in John Osborne's play Inadmissible Evidence (2011) and made her Broadway debut in the play Time to Act (2013). She wrote, directed, and starred in the drama film The Party's Just Beginning (2018).\n\n", "Q67027": "Mels is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Sarganserland in the Seeztal, canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland.", "Q278151": "Spiegel Online (SPON) was one of the most widely read German-language news websites. It was founded in 1994 as the online offshoot of the German news magazine, Der Spiegel, with a staff of journalists working independently of the magazine. Today, Spiegel Online is the most frequently quoted online media product in Germany. Spiegel Online International, a section featuring articles translated into English, was launched in autumn 2004.In 2019 its editorial office was merged with the one of the printed Spiegel and in 2020, the website was renamed accordingly.", "Q78107": "Peter Adolf Thiessen (6 April 1899 \u2013 5 March 1990) was a German physical chemist. He voluntarily went to the Soviet Union at the close of World War II, and he received high Soviet decorations and the Stalin Prize for contributions to the Soviet atomic bomb project.\n\n", "Q104552": "Max Weber (May 31, 1836 \u2013 August 10, 1897) was a German lawyer, municipal official and National Liberal politician. He was the father of the social scientists, Max and Alfred Weber.", "Q1044415": "Edward P. Harris (August 22, 1923 \u2013 October 22, 1953), known as Carolina Slim, was an American Piedmont blues guitarist and singer. His best-known records are \"Black Cat Trail\" and \"I'll Never Walk in Your Door\". He used various pseudonyms during his brief recording career, including Country Paul, Jammin' Jim, Lazy Slim Jim and Paul Howard. He recorded 27 songs. Details of his life outside of his music career are scant, and the reasons for the use of different names are unclear.", "Q314935": "Paul Edward Haggis (born March 10, 1953) is a Canadian screenwriter, film producer, and director of film and television. He is best known as screenwriter and producer for consecutive Best Picture Oscar winners: Million Dollar Baby (2004) and Crash (2005), the latter of which he also directed. Haggis also co-wrote the war film Flags of Our Fathers (2006) and the James Bond films Casino Royale (2006) and Quantum of Solace (2008). He is the creator of the television series Due South (1994\u20131999) and co-creator of Walker, Texas Ranger (1993\u20132001), among others. Haggis is a two-time Academy Award winner, two-time Emmy Award winner, and seven-time Gemini Award winner. He also assisted in the making of the \"We Are the World 25 For Haiti\" music video.\nHaggis remains embroiled in a civil lawsuit related to an alleged sexual assault in New York City in 2013.", "Q293696": "Vonda Shepard (born July 7, 1963) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She appeared as a regular in the television show Ally McBeal, as a resident performer in the bar where the show's characters drank after work. Her version of Kay Starr\u2019s Christmas classic \"(Everybody's Waitin' for) The Man with the Bag,\" after it was featured on a season 4 episode of Ally McBeal, became a popular holiday song. She plays piano, bass, and guitar.", "Q77234": "Michael Stifel or Styfel (1487 \u2013 April 19, 1567) was a German monk, Protestant reformer and mathematician. He was an Augustinian who became an early supporter of Martin Luther. He was later appointed professor of mathematics at Jena University.", "Q57682": "Matthias Platzeck (born 29 December 1953) is a German politician. He was Minister President of Brandenburg from 2002 to 2013 and party chairman of the SPD from November 2005 to April 2006.\nOn 29 July 2013 Platzeck announced his resignation from his office in August for health reasons.", "Q1138904": "The Kingdom of Afghanistan (Pashto: \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0646\u200e, D\u01dd Af\u0121\u0101nist\u0101n w\u0101kman\u0101n; Persian: \u067e\u0627\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200e, P\u0101de\u0161\u0101h\u012b-ye Af\u0121\u0101nist\u0101n) was a constitutional monarchy in southern and central Asia established in 1926 as a successor state to the Emirate of Afghanistan. It was proclaimed by its first king, Amanullah Khan, seven years after his accession to the throne.", "Q932852": "Masters of Reality is an American rock band formed in 1981 by frontman Chris Goss and guitarist Tim Harrington in Syracuse, New York, United States. They took the name for the band from a misprinted label of the third Black Sabbath album. Goss has remained the only constant band member. \nThe band's music has touched on many styles, ranging from hard rock to blues, from progressive rock to Beatlesque pop music. The band is sometimes associated with the \"Palm Desert Scene\", which includes bands like Kyuss, Queens of the Stone Age and many other stoner rock and \"desert rock\" bands.\nFrontman Chris Goss is also a notable producer (Kyuss, Queens of the Stone Age, UNKLE, Soulwax, Melissa Auf der Maur, The Eighties Matchbox B-Line Disaster) and has contributed to many other bands in the Palm Desert Scene and beyond.", "Q201492": "McGill University is a public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1821 by royal charter granted by King George IV, the university bears the name of James McGill, a Scottish merchant whose bequest in 1813 formed the university's precursor, University of McGill College (or simply, McGill College); the name was officially changed to McGill University in 1885.\nMcGill's main campus is on the slope of Mount Royal in downtown Montreal, with a second campus situated in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, also on Montreal Island, 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of the main campus. The university is one of two universities outside the United States which are members of the Association of American Universities, alongside the University of Toronto, and it is the only Canadian member of the Global University Leaders Forum (GULF) within the World Economic Forum.McGill offers degrees and diplomas in over 300 fields of study, with the highest average admission requirements of any Canadian university. Most students are enrolled in the five largest faculties, namely Arts, Science, Medicine, Engineering, and Management.\nWith 30% of students coming to McGill from over 150 countries, its student body is the most internationally diverse of any medical-doctoral research university in the country. McGill has the highest percentage of PhD students of any Canadian research university. In all major university rankings, McGill consistently ranks among the top 3 universities in Canada and has held the top position for the past 15 years in the annual Maclean's Canadian University Rankings for medical-doctoral universities.McGill counts among its alumni 12 Nobel laureates and 145 Rhodes Scholars, both the most of any university in Canada, as well as 10 billionaires, the current prime minister and two former prime ministers of Canada, the current Governor General of Canada, at least eight foreign leaders, 28 foreign ambassadors and more than 100 members of national legislatures. McGill alumni also include nine Academy Award winners, 11 Grammy Award winners, at least 16 Emmy Award winners, four Pulitzer Prize winners, and 121 Olympians with over 35 Olympic medals. The inventors of the game of basketball, modern organized ice hockey, and the pioneers of gridiron football, as well as the founders of several major universities and colleges are also graduates of the university.\nResearch has always played a critical role at McGill. Ernest Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus and conducted his Nobel Prize-winning research on the nature of radioactivity while working as Professor of Experimental Physics at the university. Other notable inventions by McGill researchers or alumni include the world's first artificial cell, web search engine, and charge-couple device, among others.\nMcGill has the largest endowment per student in Canada. In 2019, it was the recipient of the largest single philanthropic gift in Canadian history, a $200 million donation to fund the creation of the McCall MacBain Scholarships programme.\n\n", "Q434672": "Natalie West (born Natalie Neal West; January 23, 1956) is an American television, film and stage actress best known for her role as Crystal Anderson-Conner on the 1988\u20132018 TV series Roseanne.", "Q36268": "Brigitte Anne-Marie Bardot ( (listen) brizh-EET bar-DOH, French: [b\u0281i\u0292it ba\u0281do] (listen); born 28 September 1934), often referred to by the initials B.B., is a French former actress and singer, and animal rights activist. Famous for portraying sexually emancipated personae with hedonistic lifestyles, she was one of the best known sex symbols of the 1950s and 1960s. Although she withdrew from the entertainment industry in 1973, she remains a major popular culture icon.Born and raised in Paris, Bardot was an aspiring ballerina in her early life. She started her acting career in 1952. She achieved international recognition in 1957 for her role in the controversial And God Created Woman, and also caught the attention of French intellectuals. She was the subject of Simone de Beauvoir's 1959 essay The Lolita Syndrome, which described her as a \"locomotive of women's history\" and built upon existentialist themes to declare her the first and most liberated woman of post-war France. Bardot later starred in Jean-Luc Godard's 1963 film Le M\u00e9pris. For her role in Louis Malle's 1965 film Viva Maria! she was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress.\nBardot retired from the entertainment industry in 1973. She had acted in 47 films, performed in several musicals and recorded more than 60 songs. She was awarded the Legion of Honour in 1985 but refused to accept it. After retiring, she became an animal rights activist. During the 2000s she generated controversy by criticizing immigration and Islam in France, and she has been fined five times for inciting racial hatred.", "Q781": "Antigua and Barbuda ( (listen); an-TEE-g(w)\u0259 ... bar-B(Y)OO-d\u0259) is an island sovereign state in the West Indies in the Americas, lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major islands, Antigua and Barbuda (separated by 39 miles), and a number of smaller islands (including Great Bird, Green, Guiana, Long, Maiden, Prickly Pear, York Islands and further south, the island of Redonda). The permanent population numbers about 95,900 (2018 est.), with 97% being resident on Antigua. The capital and largest port and city is St. John's on Antigua, with Codrington being the largest town on Barbuda. Lying near each other (the main Barbuda airport is less than 0.5\u00b0 of latitude, or 56 kilometres (30 nautical miles), north of the main Antigua airport), Antigua and Barbuda are in the middle of the Leeward Islands, part of the Lesser Antilles, roughly at 17\u00b0N of the equator.\nThe island of Antigua was explored by Christopher Columbus in 1493 and named for the Church of Santa Mar\u00eda La Antigua. Antigua was colonized by Britain in 1632; Barbuda island was first colonised in 1678. Antigua and Barbuda joined the West Indies Federation in 1958. With the breakup of the federation, it became one of the West Indies Associated States in 1967. Following by self-governing on its internal affairs, independence was granted from United Kingdom on 1 November 1981.\nAntigua and Barbuda is a member of the Commonwealth and Elizabeth II is the country's queen and head of state.In September 2017, Hurricane Irma damaged or destroyed 95% of Barbuda's buildings and infrastructure and as a result, all the island's inhabitants were evacuated to Antigua, leaving Barbuda empty for the first time in modern history.\n\n", "Q818063": "Benny Meroff (1899-1973) was an American dance bandleader active in the swing jazz era. He also played violin, clarinet, and saxophone.\nMeroff started his career in vaudeville, and put together his own ensemble in the middle of the 1920s. His sidemen included Wild Bill Davison, Al King, Vernon Brown, Frank Teschemacher, and Santo Pecora. He was principally active in Chicago in the late 1920s and early 1930s, and also played in New York into the 1940s. Meroff was noted for his showmanship as a bandleader; big band historian Leo Walker described Meroff as \"a capable emcee, equally at home either conducting the band for dancing or directing a complicated stage show.\" He recorded for Columbia Records, Okeh Records, and Victor Records, especially at the height of his career in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Meroff disbanded his orchestra around the end of World War II and left music as a profession.\nBenny Meroff and His Orchestra recorded songs including \"There's A Trick In Pickin' A Chick-Chick-Chicken,\" \"Smiling Skies,\" \"Me And The Man In The Moon,\" \"Happy Days Are Here Again,\" and \"The Talk of the Town.\"It has been suggested that Okeh Records #40912 was issued with Benny Meroff's name rather than that of the Frank Trumbauer Augmented Orchestra (featuring Bix Beiderbecke, Eddie Lang, Adrian Rollini, and Joe Venuti) for, perhaps, contractual reasons.", "Q191039": "Germanicus (Latin: Germanicus Julius Caesar; 24 May 15 BC \u2013 10 October AD 19) was a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty and a prominent general of the Roman Empire, who was known for his campaigns in Germania. The son of Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia Minor, Germanicus was born into an influential branch of the patrician gens Claudia. The agnomen Germanicus was added to his full name in 9 BC when it was posthumously awarded to his father in honor of his victories in Germania. In AD 4, he was adopted by his paternal uncle, Tiberius, who succeeded Augustus as Roman emperor a decade later. As a result, Germanicus became an official member of the gens Julia, another prominent family which he was related to on his mother's side. His connection to the Julii was further consolidated through a marriage between himself and Agrippina the Elder, a granddaughter of Augustus. He was also the nephew of Tiberius, the older brother of Claudius, the father of Caligula, and the maternal grandfather of Nero.\nDuring the reign of Augustus, Germanicus enjoyed an accelerated political career as the heir of the emperor's heir, entering the office of quaestor five years before the legal age in AD 7. He held that office until AD 11, and was elected consul for the first time in AD 12. The year after, he was made proconsul of Germania Inferior, Germania Superior, and all of Gaul. From there he commanded eight legions, about one-third of the entire Roman army, which he led against the Germanic tribes in his campaigns from AD 14 to 16. He avenged the Roman Empire's defeat in the Teutoburg Forest and retrieved two of the three legionary eagles that had been lost during the battle. In AD 17 he returned to Rome where he received a triumph before leaving to reorganize the provinces of Asia Minor, whereby he incorporated the provinces of Cappadocia and Commagene in AD 18.\nWhile in the eastern provinces, he came into conflict with the governor of Syria, Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso. During their feud, Germanicus became ill in Antioch, where he died on 10 October AD 19. His death has been attributed to poison by ancient sources, but that was never proven. As a famous general, he was widely popular and regarded as the ideal Roman long after his death. To the Roman people, Germanicus was the Roman equivalent of Alexander the Great due to the nature of his death at a young age, his virtuous character, his dashing physique, and his military renown.", "Q706678": "Lloyd Francis Bacon (December 4, 1889 \u2013 November 15, 1955) was an American screen, stage and vaudeville actor and film director. As a director he made films in virtually all genres, including westerns, musicals, comedies, gangster films, and crime dramas. He was one of the directors at Warner Bros. in the 1930s who helped give that studio its reputation for gritty, fast-paced \"torn from the headlines\" action films. And, in directing Warner Bros.' 42nd Street, he joined the movie's song-and-dance-number director, Busby Berkeley, in contributing to \"an instant and enduring classic [that] transformed the musical genre.\"", "Q322539": "Abner Lacock (July 9, 1770 \u2013 April 12, 1837) was an American surveyor, civil engineer, and politician from Rochester, Pennsylvania. He served in both houses in the state legislature and represented Pennsylvania in both the U.S. House and Senate.\n\n", "Q3639792": "Big Beat is an American electronic and dance music record label, owned by Warner Music Group and operates through Atlantic Records. It was founded as an independent record label in 1987 by Craig Kallman with an emphasis on house music, and later hip hop. It was absorbed into Atlantic Records in 1998, and eventually relaunched separately in 2010 as a primarily electronic music label. Its current roster includes Dog Blood, Galantis, Whethan, Cash Cash, Ekali, and Clean Bandit.", "Q278637": "Bayerischer Rundfunk (Bavarian Broadcasting, BR) is a public-service radio and television broadcaster, based in Munich, capital city of the Free State of Bavaria in Germany. BR is a member organization of the ARD consortium of public broadcasters in Germany.", "Q1563249": "Shelly West (born May 23, 1958) is an American country music singer. Her mother was the country music star Dottie West, whose career spanned three decades. The younger West reached her peak in popularity during the 1980s before mostly retiring in the wake of her mother's death.", "Q102645": "Michael Rutschky (25 May 1943 in Berlin \u2013 18 March 2018 in Berlin) was a German author.", "Q4718089": "Alexa von Tobel (born February 23, 1984) is the founder and CEO of LearnVest.com, a personal finance website, and the founder and Managing Partner of Inspired Capital. Von Tobel is the author of the New York Times bestseller Financially Fearless, which debuted on December 31, 2013, and the author of Financially Forward, which debuted on May 14, 2019.In April 2014, von Tobel was selected as an inaugural member of the Presidential Ambassadors for Global Entrepreneurship, alongside Steve Case, Reid Hoffman, Tory Burch and others.Von Tobel is the host of Inc.'s The Founders Project with Alexa von Tobel podcast.", "Q113990": "Otto Schulz-Kampfhenkel (27 August 1910 \u2013 21 August 1989) was a German geographer, explorer, writer and film producer.", "Q959": "Vladivostok (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043a, IPA: [vl\u0259d\u02b2\u026av\u0250\u02c8stok] (listen), literally 'Ruler of the East', 'Rule the East', 'Lord of the East', or 'Conqueror of the East') is a city and the administrative centre of the Far Eastern Federal District and Primorsky Krai, Russia, located around the Golden Horn Bay, not far from Russia's borders with China and North Korea. The population of the city as of 2019 was 605,049 up from 592,034 recorded in the 2010 Russian census. Harbin in China is about 515 kilometres (320 mi) away, while Sapporo in Japan is about 775 kilometres (482 mi) east across the Sea of Japan.\nThe city is the home port of the Russian Pacific Fleet and is the largest Russian port on the Pacific coast.", "Q883243": "William Fisher Packer (April 2, 1807 \u2013 September 27, 1870) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as the 14th Governor of Pennsylvania from 1858 to 1861.", "Q316844": "Ryan Patrick Murphy (born November 9, 1965) is an American screenwriter, director, and producer. Murphy is best known for creating/co-creating/producing a number of successful television series, including Nip/Tuck, Glee, American Horror Story, Scream Queens, Pose, and 9-1-1. He is also known for directing the 2010 film adaptation of Elizabeth Gilbert's best-selling memoir Eat, Pray, Love and the 2014 HBO film adaptation of Larry Kramer's The Normal Heart, which earned a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie.", "Q948126": "Hungarian Americans (Hungarian: amerikai magyarok) are Americans of Hungarian descent. Estimates of the number of Hungarian Americans and their descendants in the United States exceed 4 million, but also include the large number of ethnic Hungarian immigrants most of whom have emigrated from Romania, Czechoslovakia, or the former Yugoslavia.", "Q350811": "Eddie Kaye Thomas (born October 31, 1980) is an American actor who rose to prominence as Paul Finch in the American Pie film series. He is also known for his roles as Andy Rosenberg in the Harold & Kumar series and as Jeff Woodcock in 'Til Death. He also starred in the CBS show Scorpion as Dr. Tobias \"Toby\" M. Curtis.", "Q158239": "Krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017e ([\u02c8krom\u0272\u025br\u031di\u02d0\u0283] (listen); German: Kremsier, Polish: Kromiery\u017c) is a Moravian town in the Zl\u00edn Region of the Czech Republic. The town's main landmark is the Baroque Archbishop's Palace, where some scenes from Amadeus and Immortal Beloved were filmed. It was declared the most beautiful historical city in the Czech Republic in 1997. The Gardens and Castle at Krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017e were added to the list of World Heritage Sites in 1998. The city's National Museum is home to The Flaying of Marsyas, a late painting by Titian.\nThe city has traditionally held an international festival of military brass music and the international festival of sacred music FORFEST On the outskirts of the city there is the Agricultural Research Institute Krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017e (formerly the Research Institute of Grain, etc., founded in 1951), which is engaged in research and breeding of cereals.", "Q106423": "Janina Uhse (born 2 October 1989 in Husum, West Germany) is a German actress.", "Q2019530": "Deborah Vivien Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, (born Deborah Vivien Freeman-Mitford and latterly Deborah, Dowager Duchess of Devonshire; 31 March 1920 \u2013 24 September 2014) was an English aristocrat, writer, memoirist and socialite. She was the youngest and last surviving of the six Mitford sisters, who were prominent members of English society in the 1930s and 1940s.", "Q7838": "Swahili, also known as Kiswahili (translation: language of the Swahili people), is a Bantu language and the first language of the Swahili people. It is a lingua franca of the African Great Lakes region and other parts of eastern and south-eastern Africa, including Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, some parts of Malawi, Somalia, Zambia, Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Comorian, spoken in the Comoros Islands, is sometimes considered to be a dialect of Swahili, though other authorities consider it a distinct language.The exact number of Swahili speakers, be it native or second-language speakers, is unknown and a matter of debate. Various estimates have been put forward and they vary widely, ranging from 100 million to 150 million. Swahili serves as a national language of the DRC, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Shikomor, the official language in Comoros and also spoken in Mayotte (Shimaore), is related to Swahili. Swahili is also one of the working languages of the African Union and officially recognised as a lingua franca of the East African Community. In 2018, South Africa legalized the teaching of Swahili in South African schools as an optional subject to begin in 2020.A significant fraction of Swahili vocabulary derives from Arabic, in part conveyed by Arabic-speaking Muslim inhabitants. For example, the Swahili word for \"book\" is kitabu, traceable back to the Arabic word \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 kit\u0101b (from the root K-T-B \"write\"). However, the Swahili plural form of this word (\"books\") is vitabu, rather than the Arabic plural form \u0643\u062a\u0628 kutub, following the Bantu grammar in which ki- is reanalysed as a nominal class prefix, whose plural is vi-.", "Q23103": "Shropshire (; alternatively Salop; abbreviated, in print only, Shrops; demonym Salopian s\u0259-LOH-pee-\u0259n, is a county in England, bordering Wales to the west, Cheshire to the north, Staffordshire to the east, and Worcestershire \nand Herefordshire to the south. Shropshire Council was created in 2009, a unitary authority taking over from the previous county council and five district councils. The borough of Telford and Wrekin has been a separate unitary authority since 1998 but continues to be included in the ceremonial county.\nThe county's population and economy is centred on five towns: the county town of Shrewsbury, which is culturally and historically important and close to the centre of the county; Telford, a new town in the east which was constructed around a number of older towns, most notably Wellington, Dawley and Madeley, which is today the most populous; and Oswestry in the northwest, Bridgnorth just to the south of Telford, and Ludlow in the south. The county has many market towns, including Whitchurch in the north, Newport northeast of Telford and Market Drayton in the northeast of the county.\nThe Ironbridge Gorge area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, covering Ironbridge, Coalbrookdale and a part of Madeley. There are other historic industrial sites in the county, such as at Shrewsbury, Broseley, Snailbeach and Highley, as well as the Shropshire Union Canal.The Shropshire Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty covers about a quarter of the county, mainly in the south. Shropshire is one of England's most rural and sparsely populated counties, with a population density of 136/km2 (350/sq mi). The Wrekin is one of the most famous natural landmarks in the county, though the highest hills are the Clee Hills, Stiperstones and the Long Mynd. Wenlock Edge is another significant geographical and geological landmark. In the low-lying northwest of the county overlapping the border with Wales is the Fenn's, Whixall and Bettisfield Mosses National Nature Reserve, one of the most important and best preserved bogs in Britain. The River Severn, Great Britain's longest river, runs through the county, exiting into Worcestershire via the Severn Valley. \nThe county flower is the round-leaved sundew.", "Q456949": "Marianne Stone (23 August 1922 \u2013 21 December 2009) was an English character actress. She appeared in many films from the early 1940s to the late 1980s. She usually played working class parts such as barmaids, secretaries and landladies, and is probably best known for her contribution to the Carry On films, of which she appeared in nine, and took part in an episode of the Carry On Laughing television series (\"The Case of the Screaming Winkles\"). She also had supporting roles with comedian Norman Wisdom.", "Q150665": "Charles VI (German: Karl VI.; Latin: Carolus VI; 1 October 1685 \u2013 20 October 1740) succeeded his elder brother, Joseph I, as Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia (as Charles II), King of Hungary and Croatia, Serbia and Archduke of Austria (as Charles III) in 1711. He unsuccessfully claimed the throne of Spain following the death of his relative, Charles II. In 1708, he married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenb\u00fcttel, by whom he had his four children: Leopold Johann (who died in infancy), Maria Theresa (the last direct Habsburg sovereign), Maria Anna (Governess of the Austrian Netherlands), and Maria Amalia (who also died in infancy).\nFour years before the birth of Maria Theresa, faced with his lack of male heirs, Charles provided for a male-line succession failure with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713. The Emperor favoured his own daughters over those of his elder brother and predecessor, Joseph I, in the succession, ignoring the decree he had signed during the reign of his father, Leopold I. Charles sought the other European powers' approval. They exacted harsh terms: Britain demanded that Austria abolish its overseas trading company. In total, Great Britain, France, Saxony-Poland, the Dutch Republic, Spain, Venice, States of the Church, Prussia, Russia, Denmark, Savoy-Sardinia, Bavaria, and the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire recognised the sanction. France, Spain, Saxony-Poland, Bavaria and Prussia later reneged. Charles died in 1740, sparking the War of the Austrian Succession, which plagued his successor, Maria Theresa, for eight years.", "Q128906": "Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u200e, al-\u1e24usayn ibn \u2018Al\u012b al-H\u0101shim\u012b; 1853/1854 \u2013 4 June 1931) was an Arab leader from the Banu Hashim clan who was the Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and, after proclaiming the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire, King of the Hejaz from 1916 to 1924. At the end of his reign he also briefly laid claim to the office of Caliph. He was said to be a 37th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad as he belongs to the Hashemite family.\nA member of the Awn clan of the Qatadid emirs of Mecca, he was perceived to have rebellious inclinations and in 1893 was summoned to Constantinople where he was kept on the Council of State. In 1908, in the aftermath of the Young Turk Revolution, he was appointed Emir of Mecca by Sultan Abdul Hamid II. In 1916, with the promise of British support for Arab independence, he proclaimed the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire, accusing the Committee of Union and Progress of violating tenets of Islam and limiting the power of the sultan-caliph. Shortly after the outbreak of the revolt, Hussein declared himself 'King of the Arab Countries'. However, his pan-Arab aspirations were not accepted by the Allies, who recognised him only as King of the Hejaz.\nAfter World War I Hussein refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, in protest at the Balfour Declaration and the establishment of British and French mandates in Syria, Iraq, and Palestine. He later refused to sign the Anglo-Hashemite Treaty and thus deprived himself of British support when his kingdom was invaded by Ibn Saud. In March 1924, when the Ottoman Caliphate was abolished, Hussein proclaimed himself Caliph of all Muslims. In October 1924, facing defeat by Ibn Saud, he abdicated and was succeeded as king by his eldest son Ali. His sons Faisal and Abdullah were made rulers of Iraq and Transjordan respectively in 1921.", "Q116630": "Francisco Morales-Berm\u00fadez Cerruti (born October 4, 1921) is a Peruvian general who served as the President of Peru (2nd President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces) between 1975 and 1980, after deposing his predecessor, General Juan Velasco. His grandfather and all his original family were from the old Peruvian department of Tarapac\u00e1, which is now part of Chile. Unable to control the political and economic troubles that the nation faced, he was forced to return power to civilian rule, marking the end of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces, installed by a coup d'etat on October 3, 1968. At age 98, he is currently the oldest living former Peruvian president.\n\n", "Q64248": "Wolfgang Arthur Reinhold Koeppen (23 June 1906 \u2013 15 March 1996) was a German novelist and one of the best known German authors of the postwar period.", "Q2059114": "Paul Camille Denis, later von Denis, (28 June 1796 \u2013 3 September 1872) was an engineer, railway pioneer and participant in the Hambach Festival, the German political protest of 1832.\nDenis was at Ch\u00e2teau des Saales in Montier-en-Der, in the D\u00e9partement of Haute-Marne, France. He grew up as a child of the Mainz city councillor, Peter Denis, and attended the Lyceum Louis le Grand in Paris. In 1814 and 1815 he studied at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique in Paris. After the conclusion of his studies he returned to the Palatinate to his father who had since settled at Neustadt.\nInitially employed as a trainee by the Bavarian state - to which the Palatinate then belonged - from 3 March 1816 he worked as a construction overseer (Baukondukteur) in Germersheim. In 1822 he became an engineering inspector at Speyer and, in 1826, was promoted to engineer, first class, at Zweibr\u00fccken.\nHere he came into close contact with the democratic opposition organised by Friedrich Sch\u00fcler, Johann Georg August Wirth, Joseph Savoye and Ferdinand Geib. In a report from the state police to the Bavarian king he was described - incorrectly - as their boyhood friend and fellow student. The German Press and Fatherland Union (Deutscher Pre\u00df- und Vaterlandsverein) of democrats was founded in 1832, in which the wealthy Paul Camille Denis was a major financial contributor. In his personal files for that year his wealth was stated at 300,000 Gulden. When in August 1832 the secretary of the Pre\u00df- und Vaterlandsverein, Georg Eifler, was arrested, Paul Camille Denis put up 10,000 Gulden as bail.\nAs a member of the Palatine state parliament he took part in the Hambach Festival. As a result, the Bavarian General Commissioner, Field Marshal Carl Philipp von Wrede, transferred him to Rosenheim for exceeding his authority. On 1 August 1832 Paul Camille Denis signed the Kaiserslautern Protest against the Federal resolution of 28 June. This led to a charge of \"denigration of the most high state authorities\". Denis reacted to the charge and threatened transfer to the Isar area by taking unpaid leave on 7 November 1832 for a \"technical training trip\" to England and America.\nOn his return he built the first German railway line, the Bavarian Ludwig Railway between Nuremberg and F\u00fcrth which opened in 1835. This was followed by the construction of the Taunus Railway from Frankfurt am Main to Wiesbaden, opened in 1839-1840, and the Palatine Ludwig Railway in 1844\u20131849. Recognised as an expert in railway building he later took responsibility for the construction of the Palatine Maximilian Railway, the Homburg \u2013 Zweibr\u00fccken railway (1857), later part of the Schwarzbachtalbahn (Pfalz) and the Bliestalbahn, as well as the Bavarian Eastern Railway Company from 1856 to 1861.\nNow highly respected, he received the Knight's Cross of Philip the Magnanimous in 1852 from Grand Duke Ludwig III of Hesse and Rhine. In the same year he was raised to the peerage by the Bavarian king, Maximilian II, becoming Paul Camille von Denis.\nIn 1865 Paul Camille von Denis became the head of the planning commission for the Rhine bridge on the Mannheim\u2013Ludwigshafen railway and shortly thereafter, in 1866, went into retirement of his own volition. He died in Bad D\u00fcrkheim and was buried in the family grave at the Helenen cemetery in Strasbourg.", "Q44198": "Brampton ( or ) is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Situated in Southern Ontario, it is a suburban city in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and the seat of Peel Region. The city has a population of 593,638 as of the Canada 2016 Census. Brampton is Canada's ninth-most populous municipality, the seventy-seventh largest city in North America and the third most populous city in the Greater Golden Horseshoe Region, behind Toronto and Mississauga.Brampton was incorporated as a village in 1853, with a population of 50 residents, taking its name from the market town of Brampton, in Cumbria, England. In 1873, with 2,000 residents, Brampton was incorporated as a town. The city was once known as \"The Flower Town of Canada\", a title based on its large greenhouse industry. Today, Brampton's major economic sectors include advanced manufacturing, retail administration, logistics, information, and communication technologies, food and beverage, life sciences, and business services. Mass immigration notably from the Indian subcontinent has greatly increased Brampton's population \u2013 from 10,000 in the 1950s to over 600,000 today.", "Q156214": "Max Jacob (French: [maks \u0292ak\u0254b]; 12 July 1876 \u2013 5 March 1944) was a French poet, painter, writer, and critic.", "Q235737": "Mark\u00e9ta Irglov\u00e1 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8mark\u025b\u02d0ta \u02c8\u026ar\u0261lova\u02d0]; born 28 February 1988) is a Czech singer-songwriter, musician and actress, known for starring in the film Once, which earned her a number of major awards, including the Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Falling Slowly\", with co-writer and co-star Glen Hansard.", "Q52922": "Nils Daniel Carl Bildt (born 15 July 1949) is a Swedish politician and diplomat who was Prime Minister of Sweden from 1991 to 1994. He was the leader of the Moderate Party from 1986 to 1999. Bildt served as Sweden's Minister for Foreign Affairs from October 2006 to October 2014.\nHe had been noted internationally as a mediator in the Yugoslav wars, serving as the European Union's Special Envoy to the Former Yugoslavia from June 1995, co-chairman of the Dayton Peace Conference in November 1995 and High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina from December 1995 to June 1997, immediately after the Bosnian War. From 1999 to 2001, he served as the United Nations Secretary-General's Special Envoy for the Balkans.\n\n", "Q130191": "Norwich ( (listen)) is a city in Norfolk, England, situated on the River Wensum in East Anglia, about 100 miles (160 km) north-east of London. A city since 1094, Norwich is the county town of Norfolk and unofficially seen as East Anglia's capital. From the Middle Ages until the Industrial Revolution, Norwich was the largest city in England after London and one of the most important. The present-day population of the city is about 142,000.", "Q26053": "Carlos Roberto PenaVega (n\u00e9 Pena Jr.; born August 15, 1989) is an American actor and singer. He starred on the Nickelodeon series Big Time Rush as Carlos Garc\u00eda, and was a member of the band Big Time Rush. He was also the host of the network's game show Webheads.\n\n", "Q585293": "Antoine-Fran\u00e7ois Momoro (1756 \u2013 24 March 1794) was a French printer, bookseller and politician during the French Revolution. An important figure in the Cordeliers club and in H\u00e9bertisme, he is the originator of the phrase \u2033Unit\u00e9, Indivisibilit\u00e9 de la R\u00e9publique; Libert\u00e9, \u00e9galit\u00e9, fraternit\u00e9 ou la mort\u2033, one of the mottoes of the French Republic.", "Q540871": "Sisseln is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q519904": "Jack Watson (15 May 1915 \u2013 4 July 1999) was an English actor who appeared in many British films and television dramas from the 1950s onwards.", "Q246929": "Khalil Abdul-Rahman Hazzard, professionally known as DJ Khalil, is an American music producer and DJ from Los Angeles, California. Khalil is the instrumental half of the hip hop duo Self Scientific (along with rapper Chace Infinite) and a member of the group The New Royales, which also includes Liz Rodrigues, Erik Alcock and Pranam Chin Injeti. He produced the albums Recovery and The Marshall Mathers LP 2 by the rapper Eminem, as well as the multi-platinum single \"The Man\" by Aloe Blacc. He is the third born son of former UCLA player and coach and NBA player Walt Hazzard.", "Q364544": "Samuel Medary (February 25, 1801 \u2013 November 7, 1864) was an American newspaper owner and politician.", "Q740605": "Blumentopf (\"Flower pot\") were a German hip hop band from Freising, near Munich.\nIn the early days of the band, the members met irregularly and did not have ambitions to become professional musicians. Each week a new name was chosen. The band was invited to perform at a festival for their first live show. The name at the time was Blumentopf and once it appeared on promotional posters for the festival, it stuck.They released their first album in 1997 on Four Music. They have released five more albums as a group, along with songs released on compilations, and various side projects. Until their dissolution in 2016, they were signed to record label EMI.\nThe band consisted of five members: rappers Cajus Heinzmann (Cajus, Heinemann, Master P), Bernhard Wunderlich (Holunder, Holundermann, Wunder), Florian Schuster (Flo, Kung Schu, Schu), Roger Manglus (Roger, Specht) and Sebastian Weiss (DJ Sepalot).\nIn October 2015, they announced that they would dissolve the group and played their last concert in Munich on October 22, 2016, thanking all fans for their continuous support throughout the band's 24-year history.", "Q962095": "Nicholas Drain Lowe (born 24 March 1949) is an English singer-songwriter, musician and producer. A noted figure in power pop and new wave, Lowe has recorded a string of well-reviewed solo albums. Along with vocals, Lowe plays guitar, bass guitar, piano and harmonica. \nHe is best known for the songs \"Cruel to Be Kind\" (a US Top 40 single) and \"I Love the Sound of Breaking Glass\" (a top 10 UK hit), as well as his production work with Elvis Costello, Graham Parker, and others. Lowe also wrote \"(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding\", a hit for Costello.He lives in Brentford, London, England.", "Q70215": "Wolfgang Leonhard (16 April 1921 \u2013 17 August 2014) was a German political author and historian of the Soviet Union, the German Democratic Republic and Communism. A German Communist whose family had fled Hitler's Germany and who was educated in the Soviet Union, after World War II Leonhard became one of the founders and leaders of the German Democratic Republic until he became disillusioned and fled in 1949, first defecting to Yugoslavia and then moving to West Germany in 1950 and later to the United Kingdom. In 1956 he moved to the United States, where he was a popular and influential professor at Yale University from 1966 to 1987, teaching the history of communism and the Soviet Union, topics about which he wrote several books. After the Cold War ended, he returned to Germany.", "Q66477": "Siegfried Jacobsohn (28 January 1881 \u2013 3 December 1926) was a German writer and influential theatre critic.", "Q3755106": "Marcelino Oreja El\u00f3segui (1894 - 1934) was a Spanish entrepreneur, Catholic activist and Carlist politician.", "Q76664": "Jakob van Hoddis (16 May 1887 \u2013 May/June 1942) was the pen name of a German-Jewish expressionist poet Hans Davidsohn, of which name \"Van Hoddis\" is an anagram. His most famous poem Weltende (End of the world) published on 11 January 1911 in the Der Demokrat magazine, is generally regarded as the preliminary Expressionist poem which inspired many other poets to write in a similarly grotesque style; he is also seen as perhaps the only German predecessor of surrealism (which did not exist as a movement in Germany).", "Q59687": "A Touch of Spice (Greek: \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7 \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03b1/Politiki Kouzina) \nis a 2003 Greek film directed by Tassos Boulmetis and starring Georges Corraface as the character of the adult Fanis Iakovides. The character of Fanis Iakovides as a child is played by Markos Osse and the supporting role of Fanis's grandfather, Vassilis, is played by Tassos Bandis.", "Q82083": "John Keats (; 31 October 1795 \u2013 23 February 1821) was an English Romantic poet. He was one of the main figures of the second generation of Romantic poets, along with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley, despite his works having been in publication for only four years before his death from tuberculosis at the age of 25.Although his poems were not generally well received by critics during his lifetime, his reputation grew after his death, and by the end of the 19th century, he had become one of the most beloved of all English poets. He had a significant influence on a diverse range of poets and writers. Jorge Luis Borges stated that his first encounter with Keats' work was the most significant literary experience of his life.The poetry of Keats is characterised by sensual imagery, most notably in the series of odes. This is typical of romantic poets, as they aimed to accentuate extreme emotion through an emphasis on natural imagery. Today his poems and letters are some of the most popular and most analysed in English literature. Some of the most acclaimed works of Keats are \"Ode to a Nightingale\", \"Sleep and Poetry\", and the famous sonnet \"On First Looking into Chapman's Homer\".\n\n", "Q971": "The Republic of the Congo (pronunciation French: R\u00e9publique du Congo, Kongo: Repubilika ya K\u00f4ngo), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic, RotC, or simply the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to its west; Cameroon to its northwest and the Central African Republic to its northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the southeast and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to its south; and the Atlantic Ocean to its southwest, The official language is French.\nThe region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes at least 3,000 years ago, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. The Republic of the Congo was established on 28 November 1958 and gained independence from France in 1960. It was a Marxist-Leninist state from 1969 to 1992, under the name People's Republic of the Congo. The sovereign state has had multi-party elections since 1992, although a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War, and President Denis Sassou Nguesso, who first came to power in 1979, has ruled for 35 of the past 40 years.\nThe Republic of the Congo has become the fourth-largest oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea, providing the country with a degree of prosperity despite political and economic instability in some areas and unequal distribution of oil revenue nationwide. Congo's economy is heavily dependent on the oil sector, and economic growth has slowed considerably since the post-2015 drop in oil prices.", "Q302819": "Jovan Du\u010di\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0408\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0414\u0443\u0447\u0438\u045b, pronounced [j\u01d2\u028ban d\u00fbt\u0283it\u0255]; 17 February 1871 \u2013 7 April 1943) was a Herzegovinian Serb poet-diplomat.\nHe is one of the most influential Serbian lyricists and modernist poets. Du\u010di\u0107 published his first collection of poetry in Mostar in 1901 and his second in Belgrade in 1908. He also wrote often in prose, writing a number of literary essays, studies on writers, letters by poets from Switzerland, Greece and Spain and the book Blago cara Radovana for which he is most remembered when it comes to his writing.\nDu\u010di\u0107 was also one of the founders of the Narodna Odbrana, a nationalist non-governmental organization in the Kingdom of Serbia and he was a member of the Serbian Royal Academy.", "Q61318": "August Ludwig von Schl\u00f6zer (5 July 1735, Gaggstatt \u2013 9 September 1809, G\u00f6ttingen) was a German historian who laid foundations for the critical study of Russian history. He was a member of the G\u00f6ttingen School of History.", "Q1345943": "Mariusz Zaruski (1867\u20131941) was a Brigadier-General in the Polish Army, a pioneer of Polish sports yachting, an outstanding climber of the winter and caves of Tatra Mountains. He was a photographer, painter, poet and writer, a seamen and traveler, a conspirator, legionnaire and lancer in Polish cavalry.\nDuring his active life, he was a devoted social activist, sportsman and teacher.", "Q183415": "Sleepwalking is a 2007 American drama film starring Nick Stahl, AnnaSophia Robb, and Charlize Theron (who also produces the film). It centers on the bonding of a 30-year-old man and his 12-year-old niece after she is abandoned by her mother. The girl is taken in by the state after he loses his job and apartment. The two then depart on a road trip to his father's farm, a place he and his sister never intended to go back to. 'Sleepwalking' was an original screenplay by Zac Stanford and was the directorial debut of William Maher. Shooting began in October, 2006 in Moose Jaw and Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada under the working title Ferris Wheel. It was filmed on a 29-day shooting schedule often under sub-zero conditions. The film featured the song \"Come On, Come Out\" by A Fine Frenzy. It premiered at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2008.", "Q289180": "Louis Cameron \"L. C.\" Hughes (May 15, 1842 \u2013 November 24, 1915) was an American newspaper editor, lawyer, union organizer, and politician who served as the eleventh Governor of Arizona Territory. A Gilded Age Democrat, he was an active supporter of women's suffrage and the temperance movement.", "Q376140": "Richard Dawson Kiel (September 13, 1939 \u2013 September 10, 2014) was an American actor and voice artist. Standing 7 ft 2 in (218 cm) tall, he was known for his role as Jaws in the James Bond franchise, portraying the character in The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) and Moonraker (1979); he lampooned the role with a tongue-in-cheek cameo in Inspector Gadget (1999). Kiel's next-most recognized role is the tough but eloquent Mr. Larson in Happy Gilmore (1996). Other notable films include The Longest Yard (1974), Silver Streak (1976), Force 10 from Navarone (1978), Cannonball Run II (1984), Pale Rider (1985) and Tangled (2010).", "Q1962284": "Louis Jean Lumi\u00e8re (5 October 1864, Besan\u00e7on \u2013 6 June 1948 Bandol) was a French engineer and industrialist who played a key role in the development of photography and cinema.", "Q72402": "Karl Eberhard Herwarth von Bittenfeld (4 September 1796 \u2013 2 September 1884) was a Prussian field marshal (German: Generalfeldmarschall).", "Q448587": "Anna Thomson (born September 18, 1953) is an American actress known professionally as Anna Levine. She was also credited as Anna Levine Thompson and Anna Thomson.\nThomson was orphaned at an early age and raised by her adoptive parents in New York City and France. She trained as a ballet dancer before becoming an actress.She appeared in supporting roles in films such as Heaven's Gate, Desperately Seeking Susan, The Crow and Unforgiven. She had also been known for her work in several of director Amos Kollek's films, such as Sue Lost in Manhattan and Fast Food Fast Women, which gained her cult figure status in France.In television, she played the role of Anna Rostov on The Colbys, as well as appearing on The Tracey Ullman Show and the HBO comedy sketch show Hardcore TV.", "Q3164180": "Jean-Baptiste Prosper Jollois (4 January 1776 \u2013 24 June 1842) was a French engineer who together with \u00c9douard de Villiers du Terrage journeyed with Napoleon to Egypt, and prepared the Description de l'\u00c9gypte.", "Q185064": "The Legend of Billie Jean is a 1985 American action adventure drama film, directed by Matthew Robbins. It stars Helen Slater, Keith Gordon, Christian Slater and Richard Bradford.", "Q1334162": "James Beck Gordon (born July 14, 1945) is an American musician and songwriter. Gordon was a popular session drummer in the late 1960s and 1970s and was the drummer in the blues rock supergroup Derek and the Dominos. In 1983, in a psychotic episode associated with undiagnosed schizophrenia, Gordon murdered his mother and was sentenced to 16 years to life in prison.\n\n", "Q957990": "Jos\u00e9 Horacio G\u00f3mez (born December 26, 1951) is a Mexican-born American prelate of the Catholic Church. He has been the fifth Archbishop of Los Angeles since 2011. He previously served as Auxiliary Bishop of Denver from 2001\u20132004 and as Archbishop of San Antonio from 2004\u20132010. \nBeginning on November 15, 2016, Gomez served as Vice President of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops; his term as Vice President ended with his election as President on November 12, 2019. He is the first person of Hispanic descent to hold both positions.", "Q753679": "Gangsta rap or gangster rap is a style of hip hop characterized by themes and lyrics that generally emphasize the \"gangsta\" , \"O.G\" and \"Thug-Life\" lifestyle. The genre evolved from hardcore rap into a distinct form, pioneered in the mid-1980s by rappers such as Ice-T and popularized in the later part of the 1980s by rap groups like N.W.A. After the national attention that Ice-T and N.W.A attracted in the late 1980s and early 1990s, gangsta rap, while initially a highly underground and alternative form of hip hop, soon became the most commercially lucrative subgenre of hip hop. Many gangsta rap artists openly boast of their associations with various active street gangs as part of their artistic image, with the Crips and Bloods being the most commonly represented.The subject matter inherent in gangsta rap has caused a great deal of controversy. Criticism has come from both left-wing and right-wing commentators, as well as religious leaders, who have accused the genre of promoting crime (violence, murder, drive-by shootings, serial killing, rape, disorderly conduct, disregarding law enforcement, vandalism, theft, driving under the influence, drug dealing), discrimination (homophobia, misogyny, racism), profanity, promiscuity, sex addiction, street gangs, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, materialism, and narcissism. The White House administrations of both George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton criticized the genre. \"Many black rappers\u2014including Ice-T and Sister Souljah\u2014contend that they are being unfairly singled out because their music reflects deep changes in society not being addressed anywhere else in the public forum. The white politicians, the artists complain, neither understand the music nor desire to hear what's going on in the devastated communities that gave birth to the art form,\" wrote journalist Chuck Philips in a review of the battle between \"the Establishment\" and defenders of rap music. \"The reason why rap is under attack is because it exposes all the contradictions of American culture ... What started out as an underground art form has become a vehicle to expose a lot of critical issues that are not usually discussed in American politics. The problem here is that the White House and wanna-bes like Bill Clinton represent a political system that never intends to deal with inner city urban chaos,\" Sister Souljah told Philips.On the other hand, some commentators (for example, Spike Lee in his satirical film Bamboozled) have criticized gangsta rap as analogous to black minstrel shows and blackface performance, in which performers \u2013 both black and white \u2013 were made to look African American, and acted in a stereotypical uncultured and ignorant manner for entertainment. Gangsta rappers often defend themselves by arguing they are describing the reality of inner-city life, and that they are only adopting a character which behaves in ways they do not necessarily endorse. Gangsta rappers are also famous (or infamous) for appearing more hardcore compared to early concepts and themes of hip-hop artists, and are known for saying things that are often considered taboo; for instance, the gangsta rap group N.W.A produced the famous \"Fuck tha Police\" protest song about police brutality and racial profiling.\nIn high-crime areas, putting on these made up personas is life-threatening, but the fact that gangsta rappers told the stories of others is often seen as having earned them respect for raising awareness of the severity of inner-city crime. Many gangsta rappers argue that in the world of their genre exists the emotions and perspectives of a people whose suffering is too often overlooked and belittled by society. Gangsta rap, some argue, was an effect of the various wrongdoings perpetrated against African-Americans in underprivileged neighborhoods. The various riots sparked by the Rodney King beating and the acquittal of the police officers responsible for the beating sparked anger and outrage in an area that was already at risk. Gangsta rap acted as an outlet to express their anger over the social injustices in society without fear that they were going to be silenced for telling the truth. They often used gangsta rap to tell the stories of their lives, which sometimes included strong violence, hypersexuality, and drug abuse.", "Q377538": "William Felix Browder (born 23 April 1964) is an American-born British financier and political activist. He is the CEO and co-founder of Hermitage Capital Management, the investment advisor to the Hermitage Fund, which at one time was the largest foreign portfolio investor in Russia. The Hermitage Fund was founded in partnership with Republic National Bank, with $25 million in seed capital. The fund, and associated accounts, eventually grew to $4.5 billion of assets under management. In 1997, the Hermitage Fund was the best-performing fund in the world, up 238%. The primary investment strategy of Browder was shareholder rights activism. Browder took on large Russian companies such as Gazprom, Surgutneftegaz, Unified Energy Systems, and Sidanco. In retaliation, on November 13, 2005, Browder was refused entry to Russia, deported to the UK, and declared a threat to Russian national security.Eighteen months after Browder was deported, on June 4, 2007, Hermitage Capital's offices in Moscow were raided by twenty-five officers of Russia's Interior Ministry. Twenty-five more officers raided the Moscow office of Browder's American law firm, Firestone Duncan, seizing the corporate registration documents for Hermitage's investment holding companies. Browder assigned Sergei Magnitsky, head of the tax practice at Firestone Duncan, to investigate the purpose of the raid. He discovered that while those documents were in the custody of the police, they had been used to fraudulently reregister Hermitage's holding companies to the name of an ex-convict.The reregistration of the Hermitage holding companies was an intermediate step before the perpetrators used those companies to apply for a fraudulent $230 million tax refund, awarded on 24 December 2007.In response, in June and October 2008, in testimony to the Russian State Investigative Committee, Magnitsky testified against the perpetrators of the fraud, including the Interior Ministry officials who conducted the raid on Hermitage's offices. Five weeks after his second testimony, on November 24, 2008, Sergei Magnitsky was arrested at his home; among those present at his arrest were officials he had named in his testimony. While he was in custody, Magnitsky was mistreated, and eventually fell gravely ill. The tax auditor began complaining of severe pain in his back in May 2009, and became increasingly ill over the next several months. Medical expert reports that have been carried out in the years since have concluded that for the remainder of his time in pre-trial detention, Magnitsky received inadequate medical care, and may have even been given medication that aggravated his pancreatitis. The court judgement notes that \"domestic authorities unreasonably put his life in danger.\" After Magnitsky's death, Browder lobbied for Congress to pass the Magnitsky Act, a law to punish Russian human rights violators, which was signed into law in 2012 by President Barack Obama. In 2013, both Magnitsky and Browder were tried in absentia in Russia for tax fraud. Both men\u2014Magnitsky had died four years prior\u2014were convicted and sentenced to imprisonment. Interpol rejected Russian requests to arrest Browder, saying the case was political. In 2014, the European Parliament voted for sanctions against 30 Russians believed complicit in the Magnitsky case; this was the first time it had taken such action.\nIn July 2017, Browder testified to the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee on Russia's alleged interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.\nOn October 19, 2017, Canada enacted its own Magnitsky Act, which permits the freezing of assets and the suspension of visas when officials from Russia and other nations are found to be guilty of human rights violations; Canadian firms are prohibited from dealing with foreign nationals who have grossly violated human rights. Other countries including Estonia, Lithuania, and the United Kingdom, have also enacted their own version of the Magnitsky Act.On October 21, 2017, the Russian government attempted to place Browder on Interpol's arrest list of criminal fugitives, which Interpol eventually rejected the fifth such request on October 26, 2017. After the initial request, Browder's visa waiver for the United States was automatically suspended. After a bipartisan protest by U.S. Congressional leaders, his visa waiver was restored the following day. While visiting Spain in May 2018, Browder was arrested by Spanish authorities on a new Russian Interpol warrant and transferred to an undisclosed Spanish police station. He was released two hours later, after Interpol confirmed that this was a political case.", "Q74715": "Ludger Lohmann (born 1954 in Herne) is a highly acknowledged organist, winner of several international organ competitions, namely the ARD International Music Competition (Association of German Broadcasting Corporations) in Munich 1979 and Grand Prix de Chartres in 1982. He performed in concert tours throughout Europe, Northern and Southern America, Japan or Korea.\nSince 1983 he is Professor of Organ at Staatliche Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Darstellende Kunst and organist at St. Eberhard Catholic Cathedral, Stuttgart.\nSince 1989 he is a guest professor at Hartt School of Music, University of Hartford, Conn., USA senior researcher in the G\u00f6teborg Organ Art Center at the University of G\u00f6teborg, Sweden. He is also jury member of many international competitions and teacher in international master classes.", "Q213900": "Friedrich Hollaender (in exile also Frederick Hollander; 18 October 1896 \u2013 18 January 1976) was a German film composer and author.", "Q146749": "Daniel Schneidermann is a French journalist, born in Paris on April 5, 1958, who focuses on the analysis of televised media. He is mainly active in weekly columns\u2014in the past in Le Monde and presently in Lib\u00e9ration and on a video channel: Arr\u00eat sur images (Freeze-frame), formerly broadcast by the public TV channel France 5, but currently financed by subscription. The television show was canceled in 2007 by France 5 direction, an incident that led to the creation of the Arret Sur Images web site.\n\n", "Q96948": "Erdmuthe Dorothea, Countess of Zinzendorf, n\u00e9e Countess of Reuss-Ebersdorf (7 November 1700 in Ebersdorf \u2013 19 June 1756 in Herrnhut) was a German Pietist and hymn writer.", "Q98965": "Note: Often confused with Gertrude H. Hoffman, the American-born dancer.Gertrude W. Hoffmann (born Eliza Gertrude Wesselhoeft; May 17, 1871 \u2013 February 13, 1968) was a German-born American character actress who began her Hollywood career as she was entering her later years.", "Q1530639": "Richard Hanley Jaeckel (October 10, 1926 \u2013 June 14, 1997) was an American actor of film and television. Jaeckel became a well-known character actor in his career, which spanned six decades. He received a Best Supporting Actor Oscar nomination for his role in the 1971 adaptation of Ken Kesey's Sometimes a Great Notion.", "Q692757": "Lucien Fabre (14 February 1889 \u2013 26 November 1952) was a French author who was a novelist, essayist, and poet.", "Q65618": "Riggisberg is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nOn January 1, 2009, the municipality of R\u00fcti bei Riggisberg became part of the municipality of Riggisberg.", "Q158577": "Un ticket pour l'espace is a French comedy film directed by \u00c9ric Lartigau released in 2006.", "Q682544": "Mikulov (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8m\u026akulof]; German: Nikolsburg; Yiddish: \u05e0\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05dc\u05e9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d2\u200e, Nikolshburg) is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.", "Q749621": "Love Battery is an American rock band from Seattle, Washington.", "Q7866378": "The Viterbi School of Engineering (formerly the USC School of Engineering) is located at the University of Southern California in the United States. It was renamed following a $52 million donation by Andrew Viterbi, co-founder of Qualcomm Inc. The USC Viterbi School of Engineering celebrated its 100th birthday in conjunction with the university's 125th birthday.\nWith over $135 million in external funding support, the school is among the nation's highest in volume of research activity. The Viterbi School of Engineering is currently ranked No. 9 in the United States by U.S. News and World Report.The school is headed by Dean Yannis Yortsos. Its research centers have played a major role in development of multiple technologies, including early development of the Internet when USC researcher Jonathan Postel was an editor of communications-protocol for the fledgling internet, also known as ARPANET. The school's faculty includes Irving Reed, Leonard Adleman, Solomon W. Golomb, Barry Boehm, Clifford Newman, Richard Bellman, Lloyd Welch, Alexander Sawchuk, and George V. Chilingar.", "Q10287": "Manuel Carlos Valls Galfetti (French: [man\u0265\u025bl ka\u0281los vals \u0261alf\u025bti], Catalan: [m\u0259nu\u02c8\u025bl ka\u027e\u02c8\u026bos \u02c8\u03b2a\u028es \u02c8\u0261al\u02c8feti], Spanish: [ma\u02c8nwel \u02c8bals]; born 13 August 1962) is a French-Spanish politician who has served as a Barcelona city councillor since June 2019. He served as Prime Minister of France from 2014 until 2016 under president Fran\u00e7ois Hollande.\nBorn in Barcelona to a Spanish father and a Swiss mother, Valls was Mayor of \u00c9vry from 2001 to 2012 and was first elected to the National Assembly of France for Essonne in 2002. He was regarded as belonging to the Socialist Party's social liberal wing, sharing common orientations with Blairism. He was Minister of the Interior from 2012 to 2014 and Prime Minister from 2014 to 2016. He was a member of the Socialist Party, and was a candidate in their primary for the 2017 presidential election, losing the Socialist nomination in the second round to Beno\u00eet Hamon. Following his defeat, he endorsed Emmanuel Macron despite having previously pledged to support the Socialist candidate.\nIn the 2017 legislative election, he was re-elected by a narrow margin as a Member of Parliament. He then left the Socialist Party and joined La R\u00e9publique En Marche group in the National Assembly though not formally joining the party. In October 2018, he resigned from the National Assembly to run for mayor in the 2019 Barcelona Municipal election. He had previously been active in opposing the Catalan independence movement. He was endorsed by anti-independence party Ciudadanos.\n\n", "Q324606": "Daniel Mesguich (born 15 July 1952) is a French actor and director in theater and opera, and professor of stage acting school.", "Q1336013": "Shiritsu Ebisu Chugaku (\u79c1\u7acb\u6075\u6bd4\u5bff\u4e2d\u5b66, Shiritsu Ebisu Ch\u016bgaku, literally \"Ebisu Private Junior High School\") are a Japanese girl idol group. The band's name is officially shortened to Ebichu (\u30a8\u30d3\u4e2d), which can mean \"in a shrimp\". The group was created by 3B Junior, the third section of the talent agency Stardust Promotion. Shiritsu Ebisu Chugaku is a \"little sister\" group to another Stardust Promotion girl group, Momoiro Clover Z.", "Q69022": "Jean Baptista von Schweitzer (July 12, 1833 \u2013 July 28, 1875) was a German politician and dramatic poet.", "Q278179": "Leon Russell Wilkeson (April 2, 1952 \u2013 July 27, 2001) was the bassist of Southern rock Band Lynyrd Skynyrd from 1972 until his death in 2001.", "Q103215": "Wolfgang Bernhard (born 3 September 1960) is a former member of the Board of Management of Daimler AG. He served as the former President and COO of Chrysler from 2000 to 2004.", "Q352948": "Joseph Eggleston Johnston II (born May 13, 1950) is an American film director and former visual effects artist best known for such effects-driven films as Honey, I Shrunk the Kids (1989), Jumanji (1995) and Jurassic Park III (2001). These movies include a number of period films such as The Rocketeer (1991), The Wolfman (2010), and Captain America: The First Avenger (2011). Johnston also directed the biographical drama October Sky (1999).", "Q94187": "You Ho-jeong (born January 24, 1969) is a South Korean actress. She made her acting debut in 1991 and has been starring in television and film since. Roles include a divorcee whose husband lives next door in daily drama Definitely Neighbors (2010), and the grown-up protagonist in box office hit Sunny (2011).In 2013, Yoo became the host of her first ever variety show, the healthy food and lifestyle program Olive Show on cable channel O'live TV.", "Q113006": "Bodie James Olmos (born August 27, 1975) is an American actor. He is the son of Edward James Olmos and Kaija Keel, and grandson of Howard Keel.His older brother is actor Mico Olmos, and his younger sister is Daniela Olmos. His first on screen appearance was on The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez in 1982 when he was 7 years old. His most recent appearance on television is alongside his father in Battlestar Galactica as Lieutenant Junior Grade Brendan \"Hotdog\" Costanza. He also acted in a film directed by his father named Walkout.", "Q31249": "Kansas State University (KSU), commonly shortened to Kansas State or K-State, is a public research university with its main campus in Manhattan, Kansas. It was opened as the state's land-grant college in 1863 and was the first public institution of higher learning in the state of Kansas. It had a record high enrollment of 24,766 students for the Fall 2014 semester.The university is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity.\" Kansas State's academic offerings are administered through nine colleges, including the College of Veterinary Medicine and the College of Technology and Aviation in Salina. Graduate degrees offered include 65 master's degree programs and 45 doctoral degrees.\nBranch campuses are in Salina and Olathe. The Kansas State University Polytechnic Campus in Salina is home to the College of Technology and Aviation. The Olathe Innovation Campus has a focus on graduate work in research bioenergy, animal health, plant science and food safety and security.", "Q964396": "Peter Denis Sutherland (25 April 1946 \u2013 7 January 2018) was an Irish businessman, barrister and politician who served as UN Special Representative for International Migration from 2006 to 2017, Chairman of Goldman Sachs from 1995 to 2015, Director-General of the World Trade Organization from 1993 to 1995, European Commissioner for Competition from 1985 to 1989 and Attorney General of Ireland from 1981 to 1982 and 1982 to 1984.\nHe was a barrister by profession and was a Senior Counsel of the Bar Council of Ireland. He was known for serving in a variety of international organisations, political and business roles.\nSutherland was the United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General for International Migration until March 2017. Appointed in January 2006, he was responsible for the creation of the Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD). He served as President of the International Catholic Migration Commission, as well as member of the Migration Advisory Board of the International Organisation for Migration.\nSutherland previously served as Attorney General of Ireland (1981\u201384), European Commissioner responsible for Competition Policy (1985\u201389); Founding Director-General of The World Trade Organization, formerly GATT (1993\u201395), and former Chairman of Goldman Sachs International (1995\u20132015). He received numerous awards including European Person of the Year Award (1988).", "Q76116": "Johann Helfrich von M\u00fcller (January 16, 1746 \u2013 1830) was an engineer in the Hessian army who conceived the difference engine in 1786 (first written reference to the basic principles of a difference machine is dated to 1784), an idea that later evolved into modern computers. In 1784, he was responsible for an improved adding machine based on principles of Leibniz's stepped reckoner.\nM\u00fcller was demonstrably the first who came up with the idea of calculating mathematical tables automatically by a machine. To achieve this, he planned building a printing differential engine. However, this plan was not realized.", "Q1195714": "Febo Conti (25 December 1926 \u2013 16 December 2012) was an Italian TV and radio presenter and actor.\nBorn in Bresso, Conti started his career as radio-host in Radio Italia Nord, and then in RTSI. He was best known as host of the RAI TV quiz show Chiss\u00e0 chi lo sa? (trad. \"Who knows, who knows?\") that put in front two teams of students from different schools with an encyclopedia as the prize. The show was a huge success and it was broadcast for thirteen years. Conti was also co-founder and, between 1975 and 1980, manager of the theme park Gardaland.", "Q188232": "Didymus the Blind (alternatively spelled Dedimus or Didymous) (c. 313 \u2013 398) was a Christian theologian in the Church of Alexandria, where he taught for about half a century. He was a student of Origen, and, after the Second Counsel in Constantinople condemned Origen, Didymus's works were not copied. Many of his writings are lost, but some of his commentaries and essays survive. He was intelligent and a good teacher, but not especially original.", "Q730490": "Robert Scott Weinrich (born September 29, 1961), known as Wino, is an American rock singer, guitarist and songwriter.\nActive since 1976, when he started his first band War Horse, he is best known for being the frontman and guitarist for The Obsessed. He also performed for Saint Vitus and other projects like The Hidden Hand, Spirit Caravan and Shrinebuilder. Weinrich is also a solo artist, having released three studio albums since 2009.\nHe has been highly influential in helping develop and codify doom metal's trademark sound, and is also considered an influential figure in the stoner rock and punk rock genres.", "Q69036": "Torsten Albig (born 25 May 1963) is a German politician from the Social Democratic Party of Germany. From 2012 until 2017 he served as the 13th Minister President of Schleswig-Holstein.", "Q230115": "Sonya Walger (born 6 June 1974) is a British-American actress. She had starring roles in the short-lived sitcoms The Mind of the Married Man (2001-2002) and Coupling (2003) before landing her role as Penny Widmore in the ABC drama series Lost. Walger later starred on Tell Me You Love Me (2007), FlashForward (2009\u20132010), and Common Law (2012). In 2016, she began starring in the ABC series The Catch.", "Q372454": "Escondido ( ES-k\u0259n-DEE-doh) is a city in San Diego County's North County region, 30 miles (48 km) northeast of downtown San Diego, 15 miles from the ocean, and 40 miles from the Mexican border. The city occupies a shallow valley ringed by rocky hills. Incorporated in 1888, it is one of the oldest cities in San Diego County. It had a population of 143,911 in the 2010 census.", "Q558794": "Sadriddin Ayni (Tajik: \u0421\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0410\u0439\u043d\u04e3, Persian: \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0649, also Sadriddin Aini; 15 April 1878 - 15 July 1954) was a Tajik intellectual who wrote poetry, fiction, journalism, history and lexicography. He is regarded as Tajikistan's national poet and one of the most important writers in the country's history.", "Q435236": "Martha Raye (born Maggie Reed; August 27, 1916 \u2013 October 19, 1994) and nicknamed The Big Mouth, was an American comic actress and singer who performed in movies, and later on television. She also acted in plays, including Broadway.\nShe was honored in 1969 at the Academy Awards as the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award recipient for her volunteer efforts and services to the troops.", "Q84380": "Kurt Sieveking (21 December 1897, Hamburg \u2013 16 March 1986, Hamburg) was a German politician (CDU) and First Mayor of Hamburg. On 7 September 1956 he was elected for a one-year-term as President of the German Bundesrat. Because his successor-elect, Governing Mayor of Berlin Otto Suhr, had died on 30 August 1957, Sieveking was re-elected as President of the Bundesrat in order to avoid a vacancy. He resigned on 1 November 1957, when Willy Brandt became the new Governing Mayor of Berlin and President of the Bundesrat subsequently. Because of that, Sieveking is, as yet, the only President of the Bundesrat to be re-elected to a second consecutive term (seven other persons have held two non-consecutive one-year-terms).\nSieveking was from a well known Hamburg family, his great-granduncle Friedrich Sieveking preceded him in office as First Mayor in the 1860s. Many streets and places in Hamburg were named after them: e.g. Sievekingsallee, Sievekingdamm or Sievekingsplatz (53\u00b033'19\"N 9\u00b058'34\"E).\nIn 1951, Sieveking was appointed as the consul in Stockholm and later ambassador in Sweden. In 1953, Sieveking was the candidate of the conservative parties for the office of the First Mayor. He won the election, in his office term he reformed the school system and initiated the town twinning with Saint Petersburg (then Leningrad) in 1957. After the election defeat he remained member of the Hamburg Parliament.Sieveking is buried at the Ohlsdorf Cemetery (S25 T25 [11\u201319]).\n\n", "Q152728": "Yukiko Kada (\u5609\u7530 \u7531\u7d00\u5b50, Kada Yukiko, born May 18, 1950) is a Japanese politician and member of the National Diet of Japan, serving as member of the House of Councillors from Shiga Prefecture since 2019. She was the prefectural governor of Shiga for two terms from 2006 to 2014. She is from Honj\u014d, Saitama and her father was a member of the city council. She went to Kyoto University and studied environmental sociology. She moved to \u014ctsu, Shiga in 1979. She graduated from the Graduate School of Agriculture of Kyoto University in 1981. She also studied in the United States at the University of Wisconsin as a graduate student in 1973. She became a professor at Kyoto Seika University in 2000.\nShe was first elected in 2006, defeating incumbent governor Yoshitsugu Kunimatsu. She became the first female governor of Shiga and only the fifth female governor in Japanese history. She then enjoyed a landslide re-election victory in 2010. Behind her popular campaign slogan mottainai (translating roughly to \"Don't Waste\"), Gov. Kada captured 420,000 votes, which was the largest total of any in the history of Shiga Prefecture's gubernatorial elections. She was supported by the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and led the Tomorrow Party of Japan (TPJ), which was founded shortly before the 2012 general election. The TPJ performed poorly in the election and all of its diet members except for Tomoko Abe left the party shortly afterwards, leading to the loss of its status as a national party. National party status in Japan requires five sitting diet members.After the Shiga prefectural assembly passed a resolution requesting Kada to stop doubling as governor and the head of the TPJ, she resigned as head of the party on January 4, 2013.In May 2014 Kada published a release on her official website stating her intention not to contest the election scheduled for July of that year. She was succeeded as governor by Taiz\u014d Mikazuki. After his election, she took over sole leadership of Team Shiga (\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u3057\u304c, ch\u012bmu Shiga) from Mikazuki, the prefectural party founded to support Mikazuki's election and as of 2019, the second largest parliamentary group in Shiga's prefectural assembly where it includes local members of the national successors to the Democratic Party (CDP and DPFP).\nIn the 2017 election to the national House of Representatives, Kada stood in Shiga's constituency no. 1 as independent supported by the centre-left opposition (CDP, DPFP, JCP, SDP), but lost narrowly by about 5,000 votes to Liberal Democratic incumbent Toshitaka \u014coka. In the 2019 election to the national House of Councillors, she challenged Liberal Democratic incumbent Takeshi Ninoyu in Shiga and narrowly won by less than 14,000 votes prefecture-wide. Together with Takako Nagae, another opposition-supported independent, she formed the Hekisuikai parliamentary group.\n\n", "Q687428": "Maria Sara Bartiromo (born September 11, 1967) is an American conservative political commentator, magazine columnist, and author. She is host of Mornings with Maria and Maria Bartiromo's Wall Street (the direct successor to the original Wall Street Week on PBS, renamed in early 2018). Bartiromo is global markets editor at Fox Business Network as well as the host of Sunday Morning Futures with Maria Bartiromo on Fox News. She hosts Fox Business Global Power Players segments.She worked at CNN for five years before joining CNBC, where she worked for 20 years. In 2013, she joined Fox Business and Fox News. At CNBC, she was the anchor of Closing Bell and the host and managing editor of On the Money with Maria Bartiromo. She is credited for becoming the first reporter to broadcast live from the floor of the New York Stock Exchange.", "Q2908519": "Joseph Szydlowski (originally J\u00f3zef Szyd\u0142owski; November 21, 1896, Skryhiczyn (in Che\u0142m County, Poland), \u2013 July 16, 1988 in Israel), was a Polish-Israeli aircraft engine designer who founded Turbomeca in France.", "Q2745996": "For the British Member of Parliament, see Sandy Martin (politician).Sandy Martin (born March 3, 1949) is an American actress who has over 60 film credits and has been an actress, producer, director, and writer in professional theater productions. She is known for her roles in Ray Donovan, Napoleon Dynamite, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia and Big Love.", "Q107067": "Jagjit Singh, born Jagmohan Singh Dhiman (8 February 1941 \u2013 10 October 2011), popularly known as \"The Ghazal King\" or \"King of Ghazals\", was an Indian ghazal singer, composer and musician. He sang in numerous languages and is credited for the revival and popularity of ghazal, an Indian classical art form, by choosing poetry that was relevant to the masses and composing them in a way that laid more emphasis on the meaning of words and melody evoked by them. In terms of Indian Classical music, his style of composing and Gayaki (singing) is considered as Bol-pradhan, one that lays emphasis on words. He highlighted this in his music for films such as Prem Geet (1981), Arth (1982) , and Saath Saath (1982), and TV serials Mirza Ghalib (1988) and Kahkashan (1991). Singh is considered to be the most successful ghazal singer and composer of all time in terms of critical acclaim and commercial success. With a career spanning five decades and many albums, the range and breadth of his work has been regarded as genre-defining.\nSingh's 1987 album, Beyond Time, was the first digitally recorded release in India. He was regarded as one of India's most influential artists. With sitar player Ravi Shankar and other leading figures of Indian classical music and literature, Singh voiced his concerns over politicisation of arts and culture in India and lack of support experienced by the practitioners of India's traditional art forms, particularly folk artists and musicians. He lent active support to several philanthropic endeavours such as the library at St. Mary's School, Mumbai, Bombay Hospital, CRY, Save the Children and ALMA.\nSingh was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India in 2003 and in February 2014, the government released a set of two postal stamps in his honour.", "Q74701": "Hidayat Khudush oglu Orujov (Azerbaijani: Hiday\u0259t Orucov Xudu\u015f o\u011flu; born September 5, 1944) is a notable writer and an Azerbaijani politician became the Chairman of State Committee for Work with Religious Organizations of Azerbaijan Republic in 2006 and is currently serving as the Azerbaijani ambassador to Kyrgyzstan.", "Q329336": "Jew Suss: Rise and Fall (German title: Jud S\u00fcss \u2013 Film ohne Gewissen) is a 2010 German historical drama film directed by Oskar Roehler, dramatising the creative process behind the antisemitic Nazi propaganda film Jud S\u00fc\u00df (1940). It was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival.In Germany, the film premiered at the Berlin Film Festival and, mainly because of the controversial subject matter, received mixed reviews. Nevertheless, the German critics lauded the actor Tobias Moretti in his role as Ferdinand Marian. In 2011, cinematograph Carl-Friedrich Koschnick received the Austrian Romy award for cinematography.", "Q1749424": "Snizhne (Ukrainian: \u0421\u043d\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0435; until 1864 \u2014 Vasylivka \u2014 Ukrainian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0456\u0432\u043a\u0430) is a significant regional city in eastern Ukraine within the Donetsk Oblast. Along with cities of Shakhtarsk and Torez, it is surrounded by Shakhtarsk Raion, according to the regional territorial division. The eastern edge of Snizhne is adjacent to administrative border of Luhansk Oblast. Its population is approximately 47,259\u2009(2017 est.).", "Q32754": "Atticus Ronald Shaffer (born June 19, 1998) is an American actor known for playing Brick Heck on the ABC sitcom The Middle (2009\u20132018), as well as for voicing Edgar in the film Frankenweenie (2012) and Ono on the Disney Junior series The Lion Guard (since 2016), and for his brief appearance in Hancock (2008).", "Q3059567": "Eugene Lipinski (born 5 November 1956) is a British-Canadian character actor and screenwriter. He was born in Wansford Camp, Cambridgeshire and raised in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. He began acting at the age of twelve in amateur theatre. After graduating from the University of Regina, he returned to the UK and attended the Royal Academy of Arts as well as the Drama Studio London.He is well-known for his appearances in TV series such as Animorphs as Visser Three, Fringe as December and Da Vinci's City Hall and Da Vinci's Inquest as Lloyd Manning.\nAs a screenwriter, in 1991, he won Genie Awards for Best Screenplay in the 12th Genie Awards on Perfectly Normal.", "Q982175": "Dennis Mark Prager (; born August 2, 1948) is an American conservative radio talk show host and writer. Born into an Orthodox Jewish family, his initial political work concerned Soviet Jews who were unable to emigrate. He gradually began offering more and broader commentary on politics. His views generally align with social conservatism. He founded PragerU, an American non-profit organization that creates videos on various political, economic, and philosophical topics from a conservative perspective.", "Q55917": "Jaros\u0142aw Kaczy\u0144ski (Polish pronunciation: [ja\u02c8r\u0254swaf ka\u02c8t\u0282\u0268j\u0303sk\u02b2i] (listen); born 18 June 1949) is a Polish politician and lawyer, and the current leader of the Law and Justice party (PiS by its Polish acronym), which he co-founded in 2001 with his identical twin brother, the late Polish President Lech Kaczy\u0144ski. Running for PiS, he served as Prime Minister of Poland from July 2006 to November 2007, while his brother was President of Poland. Kaczynski brothers were the first pair of brothers in the world to serve as President and Prime Minister of a country and the only twin brothers to achieve the feat. After PiS's electoral defeat in 2007, Kaczy\u0144ski was the main leader of the Opposition to Civic Platform's governments.\nFollowing the death of his brother in a plane crash, Jaros\u0142aw Kaczy\u0144ski ran against Acting President Bronis\u0142aw Komorowski in the Polish presidential election on 20 June 2010, but lost.\nDespite not being the PiS candidate for either President or Prime Minister, Kaczy\u0144ski is widely considered to have had a considerable influence on the PiS victories in both the 2015 presidential and 2015 parliamentary elections. Even though he does not serve as either prime minister or president, and is formally just a member of the Sejm, he is considered the most influential man in Poland, as well as an influential leader in the European Union.", "Q274757": "Amanda Louise \"Mandy\" Smith (born 17 July 1970) is an English former pop singer and model.", "Q100708": "Heinz Schimmelpfennig (6 April 1919 in Berlin, Germany \u2013 31 December 2010 in Gernsbach, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany) was a German actor and director.\n\nAfter leaving school, Schimmelpfennig trained as a designer until 1939. He then joined as a soldier in World War II, before being wounded in 1942 and leaving the forces.After his recovery, he found a job as a camera assistant at the UFA in Babelsberg. He then realised that he wanted to become an actor himself, so in 1943, he studied two years of studying acting at the Max Reinhardt Seminar in Vienna.", "Q64512": "Buchs is a municipality in the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.\nIt is located near the river Suhre and borders with the municipalities of Aarau, Rohr, Rupperswil and Suhr. The municipality is accessed by the A1 motorway via the Aarau-Ost exit.", "Q1801079": "Nino Vingelli (4 June 1912 \u2013 26 March 2003) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in more than 200 films between 1941 and 2000.", "Q23039102": "The First Toungoo Empire (Burmese: \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1030 \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a, [t\u00e0\u028a\u0274\u014b\u00f9 k\u02b0\u026a\u0294]; also known as the First Toungoo Dynasty, the Second Burmese Empire or simply the Toungoo Empire) was the dominant power in mainland Southeast Asia in the second half of the 16th century. At its peak, Toungoo \"exercised suzerainty from Manipur to the Cambodian marches and from the borders of Arakan to Yunnan\" and was \"probably the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia.\" The \"most adventurous and militarily successful\" dynasty in Burmese history was also the \"shortest-lived.\"The empire grew out of the principality of Toungoo, a minor vassal state of Ava until 1510. The landlocked petty state began its rise in the 1530s under Tabinshwehti who went on to found the largest polity in Myanmar since the Pagan Empire by 1550. His more celebrated successor Bayinnaung then greatly expanded the empire, conquering much of mainland Southeast Asia by 1565. He spent the next decade keeping the empire intact, putting down rebellions in Siam, Lan Xang and the northernmost Shan states. From 1576 onwards, he declared a large sphere of influence in westerly lands\u2014trans-Manipur states, Arakan and Ceylon. The empire, held together by patron-client relationships, declined soon after his death in 1581. His successor Nanda never gained the full support of the vassal rulers, and presided over the empire's precipitous collapse in the next 18 years.\nThe First Toungoo Empire marked the end of the period of petty kingdoms in mainland Southeast Asia. Although the overextended empire proved ephemeral, the forces that underpinned its rise were not. Its two main successor states\u2014Restored Toungoo Burma and Ayutthaya Siam\u2014went on to dominate western and central mainland Southeast Asia, respectively, down to the mid-18th century.", "Q176846": "Timur Ildarovich Yunusov (born August 15, 1983), better known by his stage name Timati (Russian: \u0422\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438), is a Russian hip hop recording artist, record producer, actor and entrepreneur.", "Q193174": "Rhapsody of Fire (formerly known as Rhapsody) is an Italian symphonic power metal band formed by Luca Turilli and Alex Staropoli, widely seen as a pioneer of the symphonic power metal subgenre.Since forming in 1993 as Thundercross, the band has released twelve studio albums, two live albums, two EPs, and a Live DVD. Rhapsody of Fire is known for its conceptual lyrics that constitute a fantasy story throughout all of their albums from 1997 to 2011. After using the moniker of Rhapsody for nearly ten years, the band changed their name to Rhapsody of Fire in 2006 due to trademark issues.In 2011, following the release of their album From Chaos to Eternity which concluded The Dark Secret Saga, and after 18 years as co-leader of the band, Turilli left Rhapsody of Fire (on good terms) to form a new Rhapsody band, Luca Turilli's Rhapsody, along with two other members who left with him, Dominique Leurquin, Patrice Guers. They describe their discography as a parallel continuation of Rhapsody of Fire's discography, with their first album being their own \"Rhapsody's 11th album\" and consider that they didn't leave the band, rather that it amicably split in two.In 2016, other long-term members Fabio Lione and Alex Holzwarth had left the band, and reunited with Turilli, Leurquin and Guers, to play again under the name Rhapsody for their 20th Anniversary Farewell Tour; in December 2018, several months after announcing that Luca Turilli's Rhapsody was now inactive, Turilli announced the creation of a new Rhapsody band named Turilli / Lione Rhapsody, with the lineup of the 20th Anniversary Farewell Tour (recreating, minus Staropoli, the original band's 2002-2011 lineup).", "Q467216": "Amy Elizabeth Fisher (born August 21, 1974) is an American woman who became known as \"the Long Island Lolita\" by the media in 1992, when, at the age of 17, she shot and severely wounded Mary Jo Buttafuoco, the wife of her illicit lover, Joey Buttafuoco. Initially charged with first-degree attempted murder, she eventually pleaded guilty to first-degree aggravated assault and served seven years in prison. Paroled in 1999, Fisher became a writer and a pornographic actress.", "Q366421": "Robert Newman (born June 27, 1958) is an American actor, primarily appearing on television.", "Q62163": "She Done Him Wrong is a 1933 pre-Code American crime/comedy film starring Mae West and Cary Grant. The plot includes melodramatic and musical elements, with a supporting cast featuring Owen Moore, Gilbert Roland, Noah Beery Sr., Rochelle Hudson, and Louise Beavers. It was directed by Lowell Sherman, and produced by William LeBaron. The film is famous for West's many double entendres and quips, including her best-known (and frequently misquoted), \"Why don't you come up sometime and see me?\"\nThe film was adapted from the successful Broadway play Diamond Lil by Mae West. The Hays Code declared the play banned from the screen and repeatedly demanded changes to remove associations with or elements from the play, including suggested titles with the word \"diamond\". The adaption was finally allowed under the condition that the play not be referred to in publicity or advertising.Blonde Venus (with Marlene Dietrich) and Madame Butterfly (with Sylvia Sidney), both predate She Done Him Wrong but West always claimed to have discovered Grant for her film, claiming that until then Grant had only made \"some tests with starlets\".The script was adapted by Harvey F. Thew and John Bright. Original music was composed by Ralph Rainger, John Leipold and Stephan Pasternacki. Charles Lang was responsible for the cinematography, while the costumes were designed by Edith Head.", "Q234373": "Maria Gripe, born Maja Stina Walter (25 July 1923 \u2013 5 April 2007), was a Swedish author of books for children and young adults, which were often written in magical and mystical tone. She has written almost forty books, with many of her characters presented in short series of three or four books (e.g. Hugo and Josephine books, the Shadow series, and the titles about Lotten). For her lasting contribution to children's literature, she received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal for Writing in 1974.", "Q1155256": "Yuki Uchida (\u5185\u7530\u6709\u7d00, Uchida Yuki) (born in Tokyo on November 16, 1975) is a Japanese actress, and a popular 1990s idol, model and singer.\n\n", "Q111605": "Frederick Charles Hicks (originally Frederick Hicks Cocks; March 6, 1872 - December 14, 1925) was a United States Representative from New York.\n\n", "Q272326": "\u00c6thelwulf (; Old English for \"Noble Wolf\"; died 13 January 858) was King of Wessex from 839 to 858. In 825, his father, King Egbert, defeated King Beornwulf of Mercia, ending a long Mercian dominance over Anglo-Saxon England south of the Humber. Egbert sent \u00c6thelwulf with an army to Kent, where he expelled the Mercian sub-king and was himself appointed sub-king. After 830, Egbert maintained good relations with Mercia, and this was continued by \u00c6thelwulf when he became king in 839, the first son to succeed his father as West Saxon king since 641.\nThe Vikings were not a major threat to Wessex during \u00c6thelwulf's reign. In 843, he was defeated in a battle against the Vikings at Carhampton in Somerset, but he achieved a major victory at the Battle of Aclea in 851. In 853 he joined a successful Mercian expedition to Wales to restore the traditional Mercian hegemony, and in the same year his daughter \u00c6thelswith married King Burgred of Mercia. In 855 \u00c6thelwulf went on pilgrimage to Rome. In preparation he gave a \"decimation\", donating a tenth of his personal property to his subjects; he appointed his eldest surviving son \u00c6thelbald to act as King of Wessex in his absence, and his next son \u00c6thelberht to rule Kent and the south-east. \u00c6thelwulf spent a year in Rome, and on his way back he married Judith, the daughter of the West Frankish King Charles the Bald.\nWhen \u00c6thelwulf returned to England, \u00c6thelbald refused to surrender the West Saxon throne, and \u00c6thelwulf agreed to divide the kingdom, taking the east and leaving the west in \u00c6thelbald's hands. On \u00c6thelwulf's death in 858 he left Wessex to \u00c6thelbald and Kent to \u00c6thelberht, but \u00c6thelbald's death only two years later led to the reunification of the kingdom. In the 20th century \u00c6thelwulf's reputation among historians was poor: he was seen as excessively pious and impractical, and his pilgrimage was viewed as a desertion of his duties. Historians in the 21st century see him very differently, as a king who consolidated and extended the power of his dynasty, commanded respect on the continent, and dealt more effectively than most of his contemporaries with Viking attacks. He is regarded as one of the most successful West Saxon kings, who laid the foundations for the success of his son, Alfred the Great.", "Q714526": "Niyazi Zulfigar oglu Tagizade Hajibeyov (Azerbaijani: Niyazi Z\u00fclfiqar o\u011flu Hac\u0131b\u0259yov) (1912\u20131984) was a prominent Soviet Azerbaijani conductor, and composer of the renowned symphonic mugam \"Rast\".", "Q679084": "Helena is the eastern portion of Helena-West Helena, Arkansas, a city in Phillips County, Arkansas. It was founded in 1833 by Nicholas Rightor and is named after the daughter of Sylvanus Phillips, an early settler of Phillips County and the namesake of Phillips County. As of the 2000 census, this portion of the city population was 6,323. Helena was the county seat of Phillips County until January 1, 2006, when it merged its government and city limits with neighboring West Helena.\nHelena is the birthplace of Arkansas' former Senior United States Senator Blanche Lincoln. Helena is home to the longest running daily radio program in the U.S., King Biscuit Time.\nFrom 1906 to 1946, Helena was a terminal point on the former Missouri and North Arkansas Railroad, which provided passenger and freight service to Joplin, Missouri. After, a loss of rail service in early 2015, a successful effort was launched by the Helena-West Helena/Phillips County Port Authority to have freight service restored. The service was restored on October 1, 2015 and two new freight customers were quickly gained.\n\n", "Q880776": "William Warren \"Bill\" Scranton (July 19, 1917 \u2013 July 28, 2013) was an American Republican Party politician and diplomat. Scranton served as the 38th Governor of Pennsylvania from 1963 to 1967, and as United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 1976 to 1977.\nBorn into the prominent Scranton family, he graduated from Yale Law School and served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II. After the war, he practiced law and became active in the Pennsylvania Republican Party. He won election to the United States House of Representatives in 1960 and gained a reputation as an outspoken moderate during his time in Congress. He won the Republican nomination in Pennsylvania's 1962 gubernatorial election, defeating Democrat Richardson Dilworth in the general election.\nAs governor, Scranton presided over sweeping reforms to Pennsylvania's education system, including the creation of the state's community college system. Scranton entered the race for the 1964 Republican presidential nomination after the collapse of Nelson Rockefeller's candidacy, but Barry Goldwater won the nomination. Scranton was term-limited out of office in 1967 but remained active in politics. He chaired the President's Commission on Campus Unrest, served as a member of the transition team for President Gerald Ford, and served as the United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 1976 to 1977. He also served on the boards of several high-profile corporations and was associated with the Trilateral Commission and the Council on Foreign Relations.", "Q1877851": "For the publisher of The Cultivator see Luther Tucker (publisher)\n\nLuther Tucker (January 20, 1936 \u2013 June 18, 1993) was an American blues guitarist.\nWhile soft-spoken and shy, Tucker made his presence known through his unique and clearly recognizable guitar style. Tucker helped to define the music known as Chicago Blues, but played everything from blues to soul, rock, jazz and gospel, when given the chance. While never achieving the fame and notoriety of some of his contemporaries he was considered a great guitarist whether playing his own lead style or playing on the recordings of B.B. King, Mel Brown, Pat Hare, or Elmore James. He is considered one of the most prominent rhythm guitarists of Chicago Blues along with Eddie Taylor, Jody Williams and Freddie Robinson. He variously worked with Little Walter, Otis Rush, Muddy Waters, John Lee Hooker, The James Cotton Blues Band and Elvin Bishop.", "Q72416": "G\u00fcnter F. Wendt (also spelled Guenter Wendt; August 28, 1923 \u2013 May 3, 2010) was a German-American mechanical engineer noted for his work in the U.S. human spaceflight program. An employee of McDonnell Aircraft and later North American Aviation, he was in charge of the spacecraft close-out crews at the launch pads for the entire Mercury and Gemini programs (1961\u20131966), and the manned phase of the Apollo program (1968\u20131975) at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). His official title was Pad Leader.In NASA documentary films, Wendt appears as the bespectacled, thin man in a bow-tie and white cap and coat, usually standing near the hatch, clipboard in hand; or bending over seated crew members, pulling their safety harnesses snug for launch.\n\n", "Q7804": "The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world while periodically depending on the World Bank for its resources. Formed in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system. It now plays a central role in the management of balance of payments difficulties and international financial crises. Countries contribute funds to a pool through a quota system from which countries experiencing balance of payments problems can borrow money. As of 2016, the fund had XDR 477 billion (about US$ 667 billion).Through the fund and other activities such as the gathering of statistics and analysis, surveillance of its members' economies, and the demand for particular policies, the IMF works to improve the economies of its member countries. The organization's objectives stated in the Articles of Agreement are: to promote international monetary co-operation, international trade, high employment, exchange-rate stability, sustainable economic growth, and making resources available to member countries in financial difficulty. IMF funds come from two major sources: quotas and loans. Quotas, which are pooled funds of member nations, generate most IMF funds. The size of a member's quota depends on its economic and financial importance in the world. Nations with larger economic importance have larger quotas. The quotas are increased periodically as a means of boosting the IMF's resources in the form of special drawing rights.The current Managing Director (MD) and Chairwoman of the IMF is Bulgarian Economist Kristalina Georgieva, who has held the post since October 1, 2019.Gita Gopinath was appointed as Chief Economist of IMF from 1 October 2018. She received her PhD in economics from Princeton University. Prior to her IMF appointment she was economic adviser to the Chief Minister of Kerala, India.", "Q704053": "Jules Furthman (March 5, 1888 \u2013 September 22, 1966) was an American magazine and newspaper writer before working as a screenwriter.\n\n", "Q940546": "Don Leroy Smithers (born February 17, 1933) is an American music historian and performer on natural trumpet and cornetto. He is a pioneer for the revival of the authentic, uncompromised natural trumpet.", "Q3498872": "Stephen B. Burke (born August 14, 1958) is an American businessman. He serves as the senior executive vice president of Comcast and chairman of NBCUniversal.", "Q150881": "Cr\u00eda Cuervos (Raise ravens) is a 1976 Spanish drama film directed by Carlos Saura. The film is an allegorical drama about an eight-year-old girl dealing with loss. Highly acclaimed, it received the Special Jury Prize Award at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q433121": "Jennifer Walcott (born May 8, 1977) is an American glamour model and actress best known as Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for August 2001.", "Q104208": "Wera Engels (12 May 1905 \u2013 16 November 1988) was a German actress. After successful leading roles in productions of the well-established German UFA-studios in Babelsberg as well as in France, she was invited to Hollywood. Producers saw her as a cheap alternative to Greta Garbo and Marlene Dietrich.\nShe was contracted with RKO. She and actress Mary Pickford reportedly became good friends. In 1935 she returned to Germany, but left soon thereafter. Back in Hollywood, she dated Gary Cooper for a while but married Russian actor and writer Ivan Lebedeff. After Lebedeff's death in 1953 of angina pectoris, she moved back to Europe, where she stayed with several friends in London and Stockholm before she went back to Germany. She lived the rest of her life with Erna Hoffmann (widow of Heinrich Hoffmann, Hitler's friend and personal photographer) in the Munich area.", "Q26047": "Leonid Kmit (born Alexei Alexandrovich Kmita; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301; 9 March 1908 - 11 March 1982) was a Russian actor. In 1931 he graduated from Saint Petersburg State Theatre Arts Academy (SPbGATI), where he studied in the acting class of Yevgeny Chervyakov. In 1936 he was invited to join the Russian Army Theatre's company. In 1957 he became an actor of the Screen Actors Theater in Moscow.\nKmit performed in more than thirty films between 1929 - 1982. He is best known for his performance as Petka in Chapaev.", "Q2992341": "Vladimir Grigoryevich Fyodorov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432) (3 (15) May, 1874, Saint Petersburg \u2013 19 September 1966, Moscow) was a Russian and Soviet scientist, weapons designer, professor (1940), lieutenant general of a corps of military engineers (1943), founder of the Soviet school of automatic small arms, and a Hero of Labour (1928).\nIn 1900 Vladimir Fyodorov graduated from Mikhailovskaya Artillery Academy and was transferred to the artillery committee of the Chief Artillery Directorate (\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435). He designed a number of automatic rifles: one chambered in 7.62 mm (1912), another in 6.5 mm for a cartridge of his own design (1913), and one of the first prototype assault rifles in the world: the Avtomat Fyodorova (1916), which was originally designed to fire a shortened Arisaka 6.5mm rifle cartridge, but saw service firing the full-sized 6.5 mm Arisaka rifle cartridge due to reliability issues in testing and foresight of logistical problems. Automatic weapons designed by Fyodorov were used during World War I and the Russian Civil War.\nAfter the October Revolution, Fyodorov was appointed head and technical director (1918\u20131931) of the first Soviet weapons plant, which produced submachine guns of his design. In 1921, he organized and headed a design bureau at the automatic small arms factory. In 1922, Fyodorov designed the Fyodorov-Shpagin machine gun. In 1931\u20131933, Fyodorov worked as a standardization consultant at a weapons and machinegun trust. He then published a number of works on automatic weapons and was appointed a small arms consultant at Narkomat and with the Ministry of Arms (1942\u20131946). Between 1946 and 1953, Fyodorov was a member of the Academy of Artillery Sciences. He was a tutor of Vasily Degtyaryov, Georgi Shpagin, Sergei Simonov and others. Vladimir Fyodorov authored a number of scientific works on the history, design, production, and combat use of small firearms.", "Q2640622": "Sir Alec Westley Skempton (4 June 1914 \u2013 9 August 2001) was an English civil engineer internationally recognised, along with Karl Terzaghi, as one of the founding fathers of the engineering discipline of soil mechanics. He established the soil mechanics course at Imperial College London, where the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department's building was renamed after him in 2004, and was knighted in the 2000 New Year Honours for services to engineering. He was also a notable contributor on the history of British civil engineering.", "Q239131": "Evelyn Fox Keller (born March 20, 1936) is an American physicist, author and feminist. She is currently Professor Emerita of History and Philosophy of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Keller's early work concentrated at the intersection of physics and biology. Her subsequent research has focused on the history and philosophy of modern biology and on gender and science.", "Q1678835": "Jacob Brian Dutton (born May 11, 1976), known professionally as Jake One, is an American record producer and songwriter.", "Q186579": "This article is focused on English-language literature rather than the literature of England, so that it includes writers from Scotland, Wales, the Crown dependencies, and the whole of Ireland, as well as literature in English from countries of the former British Empire, including the United States. However, until the early 19th century, it only deals with the literature of the United Kingdom, the Crown dependencies and Ireland. It does not include literature written in the other languages of Britain.\nThe English language has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the fifth century, are called Old English. Beowulf is the most famous work in Old English, and has achieved national epic status in England, despite being set in Scandinavia. However, following the Norman conquest of England in 1066, the written form of the Anglo-Saxon language became less common. Under the influence of the new aristocracy, French became the standard language of courts, parliament, and polite society. The English spoken after the Normans came is known as Middle English. This form of English lasted until the 1470s, when the Chancery Standard (late Middle English), a London-based form of English, became widespread. Geoffrey Chaucer (1343 \u2013 1400), author of The Canterbury Tales, was a significant figure in the development of the legitimacy of vernacular Middle English at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were still French and Latin. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in 1439 also helped to standardise the language, as did the King James Bible (1611), and the Great Vowel Shift.Poet and playwright William Shakespeare (1564 \u2013 1616) is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and one of the world's greatest dramatists. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. In the nineteenth century Sir Walter Scott's historical romances inspired a generation of painters, composers, and writers throughout Europe.The English language spread throughout the world with the development of the British Empire between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, 23% of the world population at the time, During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries these colonies and the USA started to produce their own significant literary traditions in English. And in the last hundred plus years numerous writers from Great Britain, the island of Ireland, the USA, and members of other former British colonies have received the Nobel Prize for works in the English language.", "Q999555": "Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Charles Benjamin Cutler KBE, ED (20 April 1918 \u2013 23 September 2006) was an Australian politician, holding office for 28 years as an elected member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Orange. Cutler was Country Party leader for sixteen years and became Minister for Education and Deputy Premier for ten years under Premiers Robert Askin and Tom Lewis.", "Q66463": "Kirchberg is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q78885": "Template:Sdescription\n\nEttore Sottsass (14 September 1917 \u2013 31 December 2007) was an Italian architect and designer during the 20th century. His body of work included furniture, jewellery, glass, lighting, home objects and office machine design, as well as many buildings and interiors.", "Q230673": "Dorothea Lange (May 26, 1895 \u2013 October 11, 1965) was an American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA). Lange's photographs influenced the development of documentary photography and humanized the consequences of the Great Depression.\n\n", "Q710026": "Luigi Luzzatti (11 March 1841 \u2013 29 March 1927) was an Italian financier, political economist, social philosopher and jurist. He served as the 20th Prime Minister of Italy between 1910 and 1911. He was the first Venetian and second Jewish Prime Minister of Italy after Alessandro Fortis, although his predecessor Sidney Sonnino was of partial Jewish ancestry.\nLuzzatti came from a wealthy and cultured Jewish family and built a reputation as a social reformer dedicated to raise the working classes from ignorance and poverty. He is remembered being the founder of the Italian credit union movement and for his book Dio nella libert\u00e0 (God in Freedom), in which he advocates religious tolerance. This provoked an exchange of correspondence between him and Benedetto Croce.", "Q257830": "Naples is a city in Collier County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 Census, the city's population was 19,539. Naples is a principal city of the Naples-Marco Island, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of about 322,000 as of 2015. Naples is one of the wealthiest cities in the United States, with the sixth-highest per capita income in the country in 2012, and the second-highest proportion of millionaires per capita in the US.", "Q324174": "Cesar Epit\u00e1cio Maia (born June 18, 1945) is a Brazilian politician, notable for having been elected three times for mayor of Rio de Janeiro.\nA native of Rio, born in 1945, Maia was forced to leave Brazil in exile during the 1960s on account of his affiliation with the Brazilian Communist Party. Exiled in Chile, he obtained a degree in economics, but the 1973 coup in the country saw him return to his native land. After becoming Professor of Macroeconomics at the Fluminense Federal University in the neighbouring city of Niter\u00f3i, Maia became active in the Democratic Labour Party (PDT), founded by Leonel Brizola. Maia supported Brizola\u2019s campaign to become Governor of Rio de Janeiro state in 1983, as Brazil was emerging from the military-led regime towards full democracy, and was subsequently appointed Treasury Secretary for the state.\nA trusted personal adviser to Brizola, who was instrumental in uncovering and denouncing the allegedly electoral fraud that threatened Brizola's gubernatorial election in 1982, the so-called Proconsult scheme, Maia was to be elected to the national Chamber of Deputies in 1986, and saw re-election in 1990. Meanwhile, having achieved personal political prominence in the late 1980s, Maia broke with Brizola and the PDT, affiliating with the Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB) in 1991, being elected mayor of the city of Rio de Janeiro for the first time in 1992, defeating the Workers' Party candidate, Afro-Brazilian Benedita da Silva in a run-off election, in a campaign that was regarded by some as being driven by racist ideology. Maia subsequently left the PMDB and joined the Liberal Front Party (PFL).", "Q463716": "The Thief of Bagdad is a 1940 Technicolor Arabian fantasy film, produced by Alexander Korda and directed by Michael Powell, Ludwig Berger and Tim Whelan, with additional contributions by William Cameron Menzies and Korda brothers Vincent and Zolt\u00e1n. The film stars child actor Sabu, Conrad Veidt, John Justin, and June Duprez. It was distributed in the US and the UK by United Artists.\nAlthough produced by Alexander Korda's company London Films in London, the film was completed in California due to the outbreak of World War II.\nThe Thief of Bagdad won the Academy Awards for Cinematography, Art Direction (Vincent Korda) and Special Effects (Lawrence W. Butler, Jack Whitney) and marks the first major use of bluescreening in film. It was also nominated for Original Music Score (Mikl\u00f3s R\u00f3zsa), the first time a British film score had been recognized at the Academy Awards.Although this production is a remake of the 1924 version, the two films have differences: the most significant is that the thief and the prince are separate characters in the 1940 version.\nThe first portion of this version of The Thief of Bagdad is told in flashback, mimicking the style of the Arabian Nights.", "Q965": "Burkina Faso (UK: , US: (listen); French: [bu\u0281kina faso]), officially the Republic of Burkina Faso (Mossi: Repibilik b\u00e1\u00e1ga Burk\u0129na Faso), is a landlocked country in West Africa. It covers an area of around 274,200 square kilometres (105,900 sq mi) and is surrounded by six countries: Mali to the north; Niger to the east; Benin to the southeast; Togo to the southeast; Ghana to the south; and Ivory Coast to the southwest. The July 2019 population estimate by the United Nations was 20,321,378. The country's official language of government and business is French. Roughly 50% of the population speaks the Mossi language natively. Formerly called the Republic of Upper Volta (1958\u20131984), the country was renamed \"Burkina Faso\" on 4 August 1984 by erstwhile President Thomas Sankara. Its citizens are known as Burkinab\u00e9 ( bur-KEE-n\u0259-bay). Its capital is Ouagadougou.\nThe Republic of Upper Volta was established on 11 December 1958 as a self-governing colony within the French Community, and on 5 August 1960 it gained full independence, with Maurice Yam\u00e9ogo as President. After protests by students and labour union members, Yam\u00e9ogo was deposed in the 1966 coup d'\u00e9tat, led by Sangoul\u00e9 Lamizana, who became President. His rule coincided with the Sahel drought and famine, and facing problems from the country's traditionally powerful trade unions he was deposed in the 1980 coup d'\u00e9tat, led by Saye Zerbo. Encountering resistance from trade unions again, Zerbo's government was overthrown in the 1982 coup d'\u00e9tat, led by Jean-Baptiste Ou\u00e9draogo.\nThe leader of the leftist faction of Ou\u00e9draogo's government, Thomas Sankara, was made Prime Minister but was later imprisoned. Efforts to free him led to the popularly-supported 1983 coup d'\u00e9tat, in which he became President. Sankara renamed the country Burkina Faso and launched an ambitious socioeconomic programme which included a nationwide literacy campaign, land redistribution to peasants, railway and road construction and the outlawing of female genital mutilation, forced marriages and polygamy. Sankara was overthrown and killed in the 1987 coup d'\u00e9tat led by Blaise Compaor\u00e9 \u2013 deteriorating relations with former coloniser France and its ally the Ivory Coast were the reason given for the coup.\nIn 1987, Blaise Compaor\u00e9 became president and, after an alleged 1989 coup attempt, was later elected in 1991 and 1998, elections which were boycotted by the opposition and received a considerably low turnout, as well as in 2005. He remained head of state until he was ousted from power by the popular youth upheaval of 31 October 2014, after which he was exiled to the Ivory Coast. Michel Kafando subsequently became the transitional president of the country. On 16 September 2015, a military coup d'\u00e9tat against the Kafando government was carried out by the Regiment of Presidential Security, the former presidential guard of Compaor\u00e9. On 24 September 2015, after pressure from the African Union, ECOWAS and the armed forces, the military junta agreed to step down, and Michel Kafando was reinstated as acting president. In the general election held on 29 November 2015, Roch Marc Christian Kabor\u00e9 won in the first round with 53.5% of the vote and was sworn in as President on 29 December 2015.", "Q816099": "Belmont is a city in San Mateo County in the U.S. state of California. It is in the San Francisco Bay Area, on the San Francisco Peninsula halfway between San Francisco and San Jose. It was originally part of Rancho de las Pulgas, for which one of its main roads, the Alameda de las Pulgas, is named. The city was incorporated in 1926. Its population was 25,835 at the 2010 census.\nRalston Hall is a historic landmark built by Bank of California founder William Chapman Ralston on the campus of Notre Dame de Namur University, and is also home to Notre Dame High School. It was built around a villa formerly owned by Count Cipriani, an Italian aristocrat. The locally famous \"Waterdog Lake\" is also located in the foothills and highlands of Belmont.\nOne of two surviving structures from the Panama-Pacific International Exposition is on Belmont Avenue (the other is the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco). The building was brought to Belmont by E.D. Swift shortly after the exposition closed in 1915. Swift owned a large amount of land in the area.\nBelmont has attracted national attention for a smoking ordinance passed in January 2009 which bans smoking in all businesses and multi-story apartments and condominiums; the ordinance has been described as one of the strictest in the nation.\n\n", "Q46758": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling and the seventh and final novel of the Harry Potter series. It was released on 21 July 2007 in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury Publishing, in the United States by Scholastic, and in Canada by Raincoast Books. The novel chronicles the events directly following Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2005) and the final confrontation between the wizards Harry Potter and Lord Voldemort.\nDeathly Hallows shattered sales records upon release, surpassing marks set by previous titles of the Harry Potter series. It holds the Guinness World Record for most novels sold within 24 hours of release, with 8.3 million sold in the US and 2.65 million in the UK. Generally well received by critics, the book won the 2008 Colorado Blue Spruce Book Award, and the American Library Association named it the \"Best Book for Young Adults\". A film adaptation of the novel was released in two parts: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 1 in November 2010 and Part 2 in July 2011.", "Q1457891": "Christmas Carol: The Movie is a 2001 British live action/animated film based on Charles Dickens's 1843 classic novella A Christmas Carol. Directed by Jimmy T. Murakami, the film features the voices of numerous actors including Simon Callow, Kate Winslet (who also sang the film's theme \"What If\"), Kate's sister Beth Winslet, and Nicolas Cage. This version differs from others, in that Scrooge is given another chance with the love of his life, Belle, who ended their engagement in their youth after he was corrupted by greed; they later meet again after the three spirits have reformed Scrooge and he is now kind and generous, causing Belle to love him again. Both Belle and Old Joe notably have bigger roles in the film. Unlike the book as well as other film adaptations, Belle does not marry and have children with another man. She is a nurse. Old Joe is a henchman of Scrooge who arrests or robs people who owe Scrooge debt but Scrooge fires him after mending his ways. Also in the film Marley's ghost haunts Scrooge before he goes home and Scrooge is notably younger as he has auburn hair and is middle-aged rather than being elderly. He also showns a kindness towards a mouse that appears throughout the film.", "Q207034": "Keith Jarrett (born May 8, 1945) is an American jazz and classical music pianist and composer.Jarrett started his career with Art Blakey, moving on to play with Charles Lloyd and Miles Davis. Since the early 1970s he has enjoyed a great deal of success as a group leader and a solo performer in jazz, jazz fusion, and classical music. His improvisations draw from the traditions of jazz and other genres, especially Western classical music, gospel, blues, and ethnic folk music.\nIn 2003, Jarrett received the Polar Music Prize, the first recipient of both the contemporary and classical musician prizes, and in 2004 he received the L\u00e9onie Sonning Music Prize. His album The K\u00f6ln Concert (1975) became the best-selling piano recording in history.\nIn 2008, he was inducted into the Down Beat Hall of Fame in the magazine's 73rd Annual Readers' Poll.", "Q102692": "Moritz Jahn (27 March 1884 in Lilienthal, Lower Saxony \u2013 19 January 1979 in G\u00f6ttingen) was a Lower German novelist and an educator. He was also a poet, best known for writing poetry as well such as ballad, lyric, and narratives. Jahn was born in Lilienthal, a suburb in Lower Saxony to a Low German family. He was the member for Nazi Party. He has written notable books with narration such as Frangula and Lucifer. He was active from the 1920s to 1950s.", "Q1378383": "Leonard Joseph Rose (July 27, 1918 \u2013 November 16, 1984) was an American cellist and pedagogue.\nRose was born in Washington, D.C.; his parents were immigrants from Kiev, Ukraine. Rose took lessons from Walter Grossman, Frank Miller and Felix Salmond and after completing his studies at Philadelphia's Curtis Institute of Music at age 20, he joined Arturo Toscanini's NBC Symphony Orchestra, and almost immediately became associate principal. At 21 he was principal cellist of the Cleveland Orchestra and at 26 was the principal of the New York Philharmonic.\nHe made many recordings as a soloist after 1951, including concertos with conductors such as Leonard Bernstein, Eugene Ormandy, George Szell and Bruno Walter among others. Rose also joined with Isaac Stern and Eugene Istomin in a celebrated piano trio.\nRose's legacy as a teacher remains to this day: his students from the Juilliard School, Curtis Institute and Ivan Galamian's Meadowmount Summer School fill the sections of many American orchestras, notably those of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Cleveland Orchestra, Philadelphia Orchestra, and the New York Philharmonic. His pupils include Lori Singer, Raymond Davis, Desmond Hoebig, Peter Stumpf, Fred Sherry, Christopher von Baeyer, Myung-wha Chung, Patrick Sohn Thomas Demenga, Stephen Kates, Lynn Harrell, Yehuda Hanani, Hans J\u00f8rgen Jensen, Steven Honigberg, Eric Kim, Roger Drinkall, Robert deMaine, Bruce Uchimura, Donald Whitton, Yo-Yo Ma, Ronald Leonard, Steven Pologe, Sara Sant'Ambrogio, Matt Haimovitz, Mats Lidstr\u00f6m, Richard Hirschl, John Sant\u2019Ambrogio, and Marijane Carr Siegal. See: List of music students by teacher: A to B#Leonard Rose.\nHe played an Amati cello dated 1662, played today by Gary Hoffman.\nRose died in White Plains, New York, of leukemia.\nIn November 2009, a memorial marker was placed for Rose in the Mt. Ararat Cemetery in Farmingdale, New York, next to the grave of his first wife, Minnie Knopow Rose, who died in 1964. Minnie and Leonard met at Curtis, where she studied viola.\nHis second wife was Xenia Petschek, whom he married in January 1965. Xenia Rose died in 2002.", "Q57655": "Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0645\u200e; Mu\u1e25ammad bin R\u0101shid al Makt\u016bm; born 15 July 1949) is the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and ruler of the Emirate of Dubai. Since his accession in 2006, after the death of his brother Sheikh Maktoum, he has undertaken reforms in the UAE's government, starting with the UAE Federal Government Strategy in April 2007.\nHe is responsible for the growth of Dubai into a global city, as well as the launch of a number of major enterprises including Emirates Airline, DP World, and the Jumeirah Group. Many of these are held by Dubai Holding, a company with multi-diversified businesses and investments. Sheikh Mohammed has overseen the development of numerous projects in Dubai including the creation of a technology park and a free economic zone, Dubai Internet City, Dubai Media City, the Dubai International Finance Centre, the Palm Islands and the Burj Al Arab hotel. He also drove the construction of Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world.A keen equestrian, he is the founder of the Maktoum family-owned Godolphin racing stable and the owner of Darley, a thoroughbred breeding operation with operations in six countries. In 2012, he rode the horse Madji Du Pont 160 km to take the FEI World Endurance Championship.He has published poetry in his native Arabic. He shares a close and friendly relationship with Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, who is the Crown Prince of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, and the Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces. On 5 March 2020, a British court ruled that on the balance of probabilities, he had abducted two of his daughters and had threatened his former wife, Princess Haya.", "Q69963": "Oberengstringen is a municipality in the district of Dietikon in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland, located in the Limmat Valley (German: Limmattal).", "Q187854": "Scandinavian Airlines, usually known as SAS, is the flag carrier of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. SAS is an abbreviation of the company's full name, Scandinavian Airlines System or legally Scandinavian Airlines System Denmark-Norway-Sweden. Part of the SAS Group and headquartered at the SAS Fr\u00f6sundavik Office Building in Solna, Sweden, the airline operates 180 aircraft to 90 destinations (as of December 2019). The airline's main hub is at Copenhagen-Kastrup Airport, with connections to 109 destinations around the world. Stockholm-Arlanda Airport (with 106 destinations) is the second largest hub and Oslo Airport, Gardermoen being the third major hub of SAS. Minor hubs also exist at Bergen Airport, Flesland, G\u00f6teborg Landvetter Airport, Stavanger Airport, Sola, and Trondheim Airport, V\u00e6rnes. SAS Cargo is an independent, wholly owned subsidiary of Scandinavian Airlines and its main office is at Copenhagen Airport.In 2017, SAS carried 28.6 million passengers, achieving revenues of 40 billion Swedish kronor. This makes it the eighth-largest airline in Europe and the largest in Denmark and Sweden. The SAS fleet is composed of 180 aircraft consisting of Airbus A319, Airbus A320, Airbus A320neo, Airbus A321, Airbus A330, Airbus A340, Airbus A350, and Boeing 737 Next Generation aircraft. SAS also wet leases Airbus A320neo, ATR 72, and Bombardier CRJ900 aircraft.The airline was founded in 1946 as a consortium to pool the transatlantic operations of Swedish airline Svensk Interkontinental Lufttrafik, Norway's Det Norske Luftfartselskap and Det Danske Luftfartselskab of Denmark. The consortium was extended to cover European and domestic cooperation two years later. In 1951, all the airlines were merged to create SAS. SAS has been described as \"an icon of Norwegian\u2013Swedish\u2013Danish cooperation\". On 27 June 2018, the Norwegian government announced that it had sold all its shares in SAS.In 1997, SAS was a founding member of one of the major airline alliances, Star Alliance.", "Q305151": "Saratoga is a 1937 American romantic comedy film written by Anita Loos and directed by Jack Conway. The film stars Clark Gable and Jean Harlow in their sixth and final film collaboration and features Lionel Barrymore, Frank Morgan, Walter Pidgeon, Hattie McDaniel and Margaret Hamilton.\nJean Harlow died before filming was finished, and it was completed using stand-ins. Saratoga was MGM's biggest moneymaker of 1937.", "Q541548": "The University of Neuch\u00e2tel (UniNE) is a French-speaking university based in Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland. The university has four faculties (schools) and more than a dozen institutes, including arts and human sciences, natural sciences, law and economics. The Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences, with 2,000 students, is the largest school of those that comprise the University of Neuch\u00e2tel.\nThe university has an annual budget of CHF 144 million and an annual research fund of CHF 40 million. Approximately 4,000 students, including 600 PhD students attend the university, and more than 600 diplomas, licences, doctorates and certificates are awarded each year. The university has more than 1,100 employees.\n\n", "Q757386": "Pain of Salvation is a Swedish progressive metal band led by Daniel Gildenl\u00f6w, who is the band's main songwriter, lyricist, guitarist, and vocalist. Pain of Salvation's sound is characterised by riff-oriented guitar work, a broad vocal range, oscillation between heavy and calm passages, complex vocal harmonies and the structures of their albums, syncopation, and polyrhythms. Thus far, every album released by the band has been a concept album. Lyrically, the band tends to address contemporary issues, such as sexuality, war, the environment, and the nature of God, humanity, and existence.\nTheir music is inspired by The Beatles, Faith No More, Jeff Buckley, Jesus Christ Superstar, also other musical genres like jazz, classical music and ethnic music; Sometimes hip hop, soul and funk elements can be heard in their songs. The band have also covered songs by Leonard Cohen, Stevie Wonder, Kiss, Lou Reed, Dio, The Moody Blues, The Beatles, Simon & Garfunkel and Elton John.", "Q48775": "Mordechai Vanunu (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e8\u05d3\u05db\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d0\u05e0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u200e; born 14 October 1952), also known as John Crossman, is an Israeli former nuclear technician and peace activist who, citing his opposition to weapons of mass destruction, revealed details of Israel's nuclear weapons program to the British press in 1986. He was subsequently lured to Italy by the Israeli intelligence agency Mossad, where he was drugged and abducted. He was secretly transported to Israel and ultimately convicted in a trial that was held behind closed doors.Vanunu spent 18 years in prison, including more than 11 in solitary confinement, though no such restriction mentioned in Israel's penal code, neither imposed by his verdict. Released from prison in 2004, he was further subjected to broad array of restrictions on his speech, his movement, and arrested several times for violations of his parole terms, giving interviews to foreign journalists and attempting to leave Israel. He claims having suffered \"cruel and barbaric treatment\" at the hands of prison authorities, and suggests that these would have been different if he had not converted to Christianity.In 2007, Vanunu was sentenced to six months in prison for violating terms of his parole. The sentence was considered unusually severe even by the prosecution, who expected a suspended imprisoning. Yet in May 2010, Vanunu was arrested again and sentenced to three months in jail on a charge that he met foreigners in violation of conditions of his 2004 release from jail. In response, Amnesty International issued a press release on July 2007, stating that \"The organisation considers Mordechai Vanunu to be a prisoner of conscience and calls for his immediate and unconditional release.\"Vanunu has been characterized internationally as a whistleblower and by Israel as a traitor. Daniel Ellsberg has referred to him as \"the preeminent hero of the nuclear era\". In 1987, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for \"his courage and self-sacrifice in revealing the extent of Israel's nuclear weapons programme.\"", "Q15466": "William Thomas Hamilton (September 8, 1820 \u2013 October 26, 1888), a member of the United States Democratic Party, was the 38th Governor of Maryland in the United States from 1880 to 1884. He also served in the United States Senate, representing the State of Maryland, from 1868\u20131874, and in the House of Representatives, representing the second district (1849\u20131853) and fourth district (1853\u20131855) of Maryland.", "Q668604": "The Portjengrat (also known as Pizzo d'Andolla) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It lies south of the Weissmies and the Zwischbergen Pass, where the international border diverges away from the main Alpine watershed. The summit of the Portjengrat has an elevation of 3,654 metres above sea level and is the tripoint between the valleys of Saas, Divedro (both in Valais) and Antrona (in Piedmont). It is the culminating point of the Antrona valley.\nThe east side of the Portjengrat is covered by a glacier named Zwischbergen Gletscher. Smaller glaciers can be found on the west and south side of the mountain.\nThe closest locality is Saas-Almagell, on the west side.", "Q319578": "Chinmoy Kumar Ghose, better known as Sri Chinmoy\n(27 August 1931 \u2013 11 October 2007), was an Indian spiritual leader who taught meditation in the West after moving to New York City in 1964. Chinmoy established his first meditation center in Queens, New York, and eventually had 7,000 students in 60 countries. A prolific author, artist, poet, and musician, he also held public events such as concerts and meditations on the theme of inner peace. Chinmoy advocated a spiritual path to God through prayer and meditation. He advocated athleticism including distance running, swimming, and weightlifting. He organized marathons and other races, and was an active runner and, following a knee injury, weightlifter.", "Q347362": "Fredric Jameson (born April 14, 1934) is an American literary critic, philosopher and Marxist political theorist. He is best known for his analysis of contemporary cultural trends, particularly his analysis of postmodernity and capitalism. Jameson's best-known books include Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1991) and The Political Unconscious (1981).\nJameson is currently Knut Schmidt-Nielsen Professor of Comparative Literature and Romance Studies (French) and the director of the Center for Critical Theory at Duke University. In 2012, the Modern Language Association gave Jameson its sixth Award for Lifetime Scholarly Achievement.", "Q120355": "Julius Michael Johannes Maggi (9 October 1846 \u2013 19 October 1912) was a Swiss entrepreneur, inventor of precooked soups and Maggi sauce. He was the youngest of five children of Michael Maggi, an immigrant from Italy, and his Swiss wife Sophie. He died in 1912 after a stroke. He married twice and had four daughters and two sons. He may also have collaborated with Auguste Escoffier in the late 19th century and thus commercialized the stock cube (see the Maggi company).", "Q97317": "Wilhelm Diegelmann (28 September 1861 \u2013 1 March 1934) was a German actor.", "Q1039367": "Carl Laemmle Jr. (born Julius Laemmle; April 28, 1908 \u2013 September 24, 1979) was an American businessman and heir of Carl Laemmle, who had founded Universal Studios. He was head of production at the studio from 1928 to 1936.", "Q456746": "Franz Eduard Graf von Tottleben (Russian: \u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0434 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0431\u0435\u043d, tr. Edu\u00e1rd Iv\u00e1novich Totl\u00e9ben; 20 May [O.S. 8 May] 1818 \u2013 1 July [O.S. 19 June] 1884), better known as Eduard Totleben in English, was a Baltic German military engineer and Imperial Russian Army general. He was in charge of fortification and sapping work during a number of important Russian military campaigns.", "Q1174515": "David Garfield (September 27, 1956 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American keyboardist, songwriter, and producer. David Garfield performs in the Los Angeles music scene. He has recorded with Smokey Robinson, Cher, Larry Carlton, Steve Lukather, Spinal Tap, George Benson, The Manhattan Transfer, Eros Ramazzotti, and The Rippingtons. He has performed with Freddie Hubbard, Boz Scaggs, Oleta Adams, Brenda Russell, Natalie Cole, and Michael Bolton.\nGarfield is a founding member of \u201cKarizma\u201d and \u201cLos Lobotomys\u201d. David\u2019s production and arrangement of \u201cLet\u2019s Stay Together\u201d featuring Michael McDonald, Don Henley, Richard Marx, Bill Champlin and David Pack from his CD \u201cTribute to Jeff\u201d made the top ten radio worldwide.", "Q1541981": "Graham Wiggins (October 25, 1962 \u2013 September 7, 2016) was an American musician. He played the didgeridoo, keyboards, melodica, sampler, and various percussion instruments with his groups, the Oxford-based Outback and Dr. Didg.\n\n", "Q176113": "Per Jacobsson (5 February 1894 \u2013 5 May 1963) was a Swedish economist, and managing director of the International Monetary Fund from 21 November 1956 until his death in 1963. Born in Tanum, Bohusl\u00e4n, Jacobsson received degrees in law and economics from the Uppsala University. He was employed at the League of Nations from 1920 to 1928, then the Bank of International Settlements from 1931. In December 1956, he became Managing Director of the IMF, a position he held until his death 5 May 1963. He was buried in the Swedish Section of Brookwood Cemetery.\nJacobsson's daughter Moyra, an artist, married Roger Bannister, the British Olympic athlete and medical doctor who was the first person to run the four-minute mile.", "Q245207": "Florentino P\u00e9rez Rodr\u00edguez (Spanish pronunciation: [flo\u027een\u02c8tino \u02c8pe\u027ee\u00f0 ro\u02c8\u00f0\u027ei\u0263e\u03b8]; born 8 March 1947) is a Spanish businessman, civil engineer, former politician, and current president of Real Madrid, as well as Chairman and CEO of Grupo ACS, a civil engineering company.", "Q111188": "Hannah Vogt (3 March 1910, Berlin \u2013 13 February 1994, G\u00f6ttingen) was a German historian who wrote the best-selling book The Burden of Guilt: A Short History of Germany, 1914-1945. It was first published in Germany in 1961 and sold 400,000 copies in the first two years.", "Q1397622": "Vikram Shankar Pandit (born 14 January 1957) is an Indian American banker and investor who was the chief executive officer of Citigroup from December 2007 to 16 October 2012 and is the current chairman and chief executive officer of The Orogen Group.Pandit has been honoured with the Padma Bhushan third highest Indian civilian award for his contributions to the trade and industry in 2008 by the Government of India.", "Q13017": "Szathm\u00e1ri S\u00e1ndor (Hungarian: [\u02c8s\u0252tma\u02d0ri \u02c8\u0283a\u02d0ndor]; 19 June 1897 \u2013 16 July 1974) was a Hungarian writer, mechanical engineer, Esperantist, and one of the leading figures in Esperanto literature.", "Q712802": "Ren Zhengfei (Chinese: \u4efb\u6b63\u975e; pinyin: R\u00e9n Zh\u00e8ngf\u0113i; born 25 October 1944) is a Chinese entrepreneur and engineer. He is the founder and CEO of Shenzhen-based Huawei, the world's largest manufacturer of telecommunications equipment and second largest manufacturer of smartphones. As of February 2019, he had a net worth of US $1.3 billion.", "Q1283125": "Carla Evelyn Giraldo Quintero (born on August 30, 1986 in Medell\u00edn, Colombia) is a Colombian actress, model and singer.\nShe made her debut in television when she was 13 in telenovela Me Llaman Lolita where she portrays young Lolita Rengifo.\n\n", "Q1246": "Kosovo (; Albanian: Kosova, pronounced [k\u0254\u02c8s\u0254va] or Kosov\u00eb, pronounced [k\u0254\u02c8s\u0254v\u0259]; Serbian Cyrillic: \u041a\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e, pronounced [k\u00f4so\u028bo]), officially the Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Republika e Kosov\u00ebs; Serbian: \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e / Republika Kosovo), is a partially-recognized state in Southeast Europe, subject to a territorial dispute with the Republic of Serbia.Defined in an area of 10,887 square kilometres (4,203 sq mi), Kosovo is landlocked in the center of the Balkans and bordered by the uncontested territory of Serbia to the north and east, North Macedonia to the southeast, Albania to the southwest and Montenegro to the west. It possesses varied and diverse landscapes for its size by climate along with geology and hydrology. Most of central Kosovo is dominated by the vast plains and fields of Metohija and Kosovo. The Albanian Alps and \u0160ar Mountains rise in the southwest and southeast respectively.\nThe earliest known human settlements in what is now Kosovo were the Paleolithic Vin\u010da and Star\u010devo cultures. During the Classical period, it was inhabited by Illyrian-Dardanian and Celtic people. In 168 BC, the area was annexed by the Romans. In the Middle Ages, it was conquered by the Byzantine, Bulgarian, and Serbian Empires. The Battle of Kosovo of 1389 is considered to be one of the defining moments in Serbian medieval history. The region was the core of the Serbian medieval state, which has also been the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church from the 14th century, when its status was upgraded to a patriarchate. Kosovo was part of the Ottoman Empire from the 15th to the early 20th century. In the late 19th century, it became the centre of the Albanian National Awakening. Following their defeat in the Balkan Wars, the Ottomans ceded Kosovo to Serbia and Montenegro. Both countries joined Yugoslavia after World War I, and following a period of Yugoslav unitarianism in the Kingdom, the post-World War II Yugoslav constitution established the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija within the Yugoslav constituent republic of Serbia. Tensions between Kosovo's Albanian and Serb communities simmered through the 20th century and occasionally erupted into major violence, culminating in the Kosovo War of 1998 and 1999, which resulted in the withdrawal of the Yugoslav army and the establishment of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo. On 17 February 2008, Kosovo unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia. It has since gained diplomatic recognition as a sovereign state by 112 United Nations member states, 15 of which have since been withdrawn. Serbia does not recognize Kosovo as a sovereign state, although with the Brussels Agreement of 2013, it has accepted its institutions. While Serbia recognizes administration of the territory by Kosovo's elected government, it continues to claim it as the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija.\nKosovo has a lower-middle-income economy and has experienced solid economic growth over the last decade by international financial institutions, and has experienced growth every year since the onset of the financial crisis of 2007\u20132008. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Regional Cooperation Council, and has applied for membership of Interpol and for observer status in the Organization of the Islamic Cooperation.\n\n", "Q18124763": "The Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL) is an agency of the German government that comes under Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL). It contributes towards food safety and grants authorization. It jointly coordinates monitoring programs with federal states. Within the framework of the European rapid alert system, the BVL secures the flow of information between the EU and the Federal States. It is also the German contact point for the inspections of the Food and Veterinary Office of the European Commission. Apart from that, the BVL supports the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture in crisis management.", "Q1278397": "Eat the Document is a documentary of Bob Dylan's 1966 tour of the United Kingdom with the Hawks. It was shot under Dylan's direction by D. A. Pennebaker, whose groundbreaking documentary Dont Look Back [sic] chronicled Dylan's 1965 British tour. The film was originally commissioned for the ABC television series ABC Stage 67.\nThough shooting had completed for the film, Dylan's July 1966 motorcycle accident delayed the editing process. Once well enough to work again, Dylan edited the film himself. ABC rejected the film as incomprehensible for a mainstream audience.\nIt has never been released on home video and prints are rarely screened in theaters. Some footage from Eat the Document was used in Martin Scorsese's 2005 documentary on Bob Dylan, No Direction Home, and 3 song excerpts are Special Features on the DVD.", "Q1521913": "King Solomon Hill is the name assigned to a blues singer and guitarist who recorded a handful of songs in 1932. His unique guitar and voice make them among the most haunting blues recorded. After much speculation and dispute, he has been identified as Joe Holmes (1897, McComb, Mississippi \u2013 1949, Sibley, Louisiana), a self-taught guitarist from Mississippi.", "Q1520": "Nur-Sultan (US: ; Kazakh: Nur-Sultan, \u041d\u04b1\u0440-\u0421\u04b1\u043b\u0442\u0430\u043d; Russian: \u041d\u0443\u0440-\u0421\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u043d), previously named Astana (Kazakh: Astana, Russian: \u0410\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430) from 1998 to 2019, is the capital city of Kazakhstan. In March 2019, it was renamed to Nur-Sultan after the departing Kazakh president, Nursultan Nazarbayev. It stands on the banks of the Ishim River in the northern portion of Kazakhstan, within the Akmola Region, though administered separately from the region as a city with special status. A 2017 official estimate reported a population of 1,029,556 within the city limits, making it the second-largest city in the country, behind Almaty, the capital from 1991 to 1997.Akmola (from 1998 Astana and from 2019 Nur-Sultan) became the capital of Kazakhstan in 1997, and since then has developed economically into one of the most modernized cities in Central Asia. On 23 March 2019, following a unanimous vote in Kazakhstan's parliament, the city was renamed Nur-Sultan, after former Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev.Modern Nur-Sultan is a planned city, much like other planned capitals. After it became the capital of Kazakhstan, the city cardinally changed its shape. The Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa designed the master plan of Astana. As the seat of the Government of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan is the site of the Parliament House, the Supreme Court, the Ak Orda Presidential Palace and numerous government departments and agencies. It is home to many futuristic buildings, hotels and skyscrapers.", "Q969881": "Camillo Berneri (also known as Camillo da Lodi; May 28, 1897, Lodi \u2013 May 5, 1937, Barcelona) was an Italian professor of philosophy, anarchist militant, propagandist and theorist. He was married to Giovanna Berneri, and was father of Marie-Louise Berneri and Giliana Berneri, all of whom were also anarchists.\n\n", "Q438921": "Simen Hestn\u00e6s (born March 4, 1974, in Oslo, Norway), better known by his stage name I.C.S. Vortex or simply Vortex, is a Norwegian musician. He is the vocalist of the similarly named band ICS Vortex, the avant-garde metal band Arcturus, and the doom metal band Lamented Souls. He is also the vocalist and bass guitarist to the progressive black metal band Borknagar, and the former bass guitarist and backing vocalist for the Norwegian symphonic black metal band Dimmu Borgir.", "Q62188": "Johann Heinrich Voss (German: Johann Heinrich Vo\u00df, pronounced [f\u0254s]; 20 February 1751 \u2013 29 March 1826) was a German classicist and poet, known mostly for his translation of Homer's Odyssey (1781) and Iliad (1793) into German.", "Q7151": "Sempach is a municipality in the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q111836": "Georges Weill (September 17, 1882 \u2013 January 10, 1970) was an Alsatian politician who was a Socialist member of parliament for Metz in the German Reichstag from 1912 to 1914. After the outbreak of World War I, he declared his loyalty to France and joined the French Army. In response he was stripped of German citizenship August 5, 1914. After the Allied victory the provinces of Alsace-Lorraine returned to France, he was elected general counsel of the Lower Rhine in 1919 and became a socialist member of the French Parliament for the Bas-Rhin district.", "Q321781": "Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Sr. (October 20, 1877 \u2013 May 7, 1915) was a wealthy American businessman, and a member of the Vanderbilt family. He died on RMS Lusitania.", "Q212439": "The Cossack Hetmanate (Ukrainian: \u0413\u0435\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430, Hetman\u0161\u010dyna), officially known as the Zaporizhian Host (\u0412\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0417\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0435, Vij\u015bko Zaporo\u017ake, Latin: Exercitus Zaporoviensis), was a Cossack state in the region of Central Ukraine between 1648 and 1764 (or until 1782 according to some sources).The Hetmanate was founded by the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Uprising of 1648\u201357. Establishment of vassal relations with the Tsardom of Russia in the Treaty of Pereyaslav of 1654 is considered a benchmark of the Cossack Hetmanate in Soviet, Ukrainian, and Russian historiography. The second Pereyaslav Council in 1659 further restricted the independence of the Hetmanate, and from the Moscow side there were attempts to declare agreements reached with Yuri Khmelnitsky in 1659 as nothing more than the \"former Bohdan's agreements\" of 1654. The 1667 Treaty of Andrusovo \u2013 conducted without any representation from the Cossack Hetmanate \u2013 established borders between the Polish and Russian states, dividing the Hetmanate in half along the Dnieper and putting the Zaporizhian Sich under a formal joint Russian-Polish administration.\nAfter a failed attempt to break the union with Russia by Ivan Mazepa in 1708, the whole area was included into the Government of Kiev and Cossack autonomy was severely restricted. Catherine II of Russia officially abolished the institute of the Hetman in 1764, and in 1764-1781 the Cossack Hetmanate was incorporated as the Little Russia Governorate headed by Pyotr Rumyantsev, with the last remnants of the Hetmanate's administrative system abolished in 1781.", "Q15300": "The Hausstock is a mountain in the Glarus Alps, at an elevation of 3,158 m (10,361 ft) on the border between the cantons of Glarus and Graub\u00fcnden. It overlooks the valleys of Linth and Sernf rivers in Glarus, and the valley of the Vorderrhein river in Graub\u00fcnden. The Hausstock was the site of the 1799 withdrawal of the Russian army under General Alexander Suvorov. A well-known destination already in the nineteenth century with British and American climbers, the mountain remains popular with mountain climbers and skiers.", "Q243110": "Isabel Burton (born Arundell; 20 March 1831 \u2013 22 March 1896), later known as Lady Burton, was an English writer. She was the wife and partner of explorer, adventurer, and writer Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821\u20131890).", "Q88551": "Georges-Arthur Goldschmidt (born 2 May 1928) is a French writer and translator of German origin.", "Q73085": "Gunta St\u00f6lzl (5 March 1897 \u2013 22 April 1983) was a German textile artist who played a fundamental role in the development of the Bauhaus school's weaving workshop. As the Bauhaus' only female master she created enormous change within the weaving department as it transitioned from individual pictorial works to modern industrial designs. Her textile work is thought to typify the distinctive style of Bauhaus textiles. She joined the Bauhaus as a student in 1920, became a junior master in 1927 and a full master the next year. She was dismissed for political reasons in 1931, two years before the Bauhaus closed under pressure from the Nazis.\nThe textile department was a neglected part of the Bauhaus when St\u00f6lzl began her career, and its active masters were weak on the technical aspects of textile production. She soon became a mentor to other students and reopened the Bauhaus dye studios in 1921. After a brief departure, St\u00f6lzl became the school's weaving director in 1925 when it relocated from Weimar to Dessau and expanded the department to increase its weaving and dyeing facilities. She applied ideas from modern art to weaving, experimented with synthetic materials, and improved the department's technical instruction to include courses in mathematics. The Bauhaus weaving workshop became one of its most successful facilities under her direction.", "Q528298": "Barbara Mason (born August 9, 1947, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American soul singer with several R&B and pop hits in the 1960s and 1970s, best known for her self-written 1965 hit song \"Yes, I'm Ready\".", "Q2865050": "Arthur Chevrolet, (April 25, 1884 \u2013 April 16, 1946) was a Swiss racecar driver and automobile manufacturer.", "Q257165": "Ivana Mili\u010devi\u0107 (Croatian pronunciation: [\u01d0\u028bana mil\u01d0\u02d0t\u0361\u0283evit\u0361\u0255]; born 26 April 1974) is a Bosnian-American actress and model. She is best known for playing Anastasia Rabitov/Carrie Hopewell in the Cinemax original series Banshee and for playing Charmaine Diozya on season 5 of The 100 in 2018.", "Q1564297": "The Faculty of Law of the University of Zagreb (Croatian: Pravni fakultet Sveu\u010dili\u0161ta u Zagrebu, Latin: Universitas Studiorum Zagrabiensis, Facultas Iuridica, PFZG) is the law school of the University of Zagreb. Founded in 1776 by Empress Maria Theresa as part of her comprehensive reforms in the system of education in the Habsburg Monarchy, it is the oldest continually-operating law school in Croatia and all of Southeast Europe. Zagreb Faculty of Law offers BA, MA and Ph.D degrees in law, social work, social policy, public administration and taxation.", "Q83404": "Timi\u0219oara (UK: , US: , Romanian: [timi\u02c8\u0283o\u032fara] (listen); German: Temeswar [\u02c8t\u025bm\u025b\u0283va\u02d0\u0250\u032f], also Temeschburg or Temeschwar; Hungarian: Temesv\u00e1r [\u02c8t\u025bm\u025b\u0283va\u02d0r] (listen); Serbian: \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0448\u0432\u0430\u0440; Turkish: Teme\u015fvar) is the capital city of Timi\u0219 County, the 3rd largest city in Romania and the main social, economic and cultural centre in western Romania.\nNicknamed the Little Vienna or the City of Flowers, Timi\u0219oara is considered the informal capital city of the historical Banat. The country's third most populous city is the economic hub of the region, with 319,279 inhabitants as of the 2011 census, home to almost a half-million inhabitants in the metropolitan area, as well as ca. 50,000 students from over 50 countries.In late contemporary times, Timi\u0219oara, like many other large cities in Romania, is a medical tourism service provider especially for dental care. It also offers excellent academic institutions, attracting thousands international students annually mainly at its medical school. As a technology hub, the city has one of the most powerful IT sectors in Romania alongside Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Ia\u0219i, and Bra\u0219ov, becoming a popular tech destination according to Financial Times. In 2013 Timi\u0219oara had the fastest internet download speed in the world.It was the first city in the Habsburg Monarchy with street lighting (1760) and the first European city to be lit by electric street lamps in 1884. It opened the first public lending library with reading room in the Habsburg Empire and built a municipal hospital 24 years before Vienna. Also, it published the first German newspaper in Southeast Europe (Temeswarer Nachrichten). It has been an important centre for music in Europe since the 19th century. The Romanian Revolution began in Timi\u0219oara.The city will be the next European Capital of Culture in 2021.", "Q57133": "Kurt Ferdinand Friedrich Hermann von Schleicher (listen ; 7 April 1882 \u2013 30 June 1934) was a German general and the last Chancellor of Germany during the Weimar Republic. A rival for power with Adolf Hitler, Schleicher was murdered by Hitler's SS during the Night of the Long Knives in 1934.\nSchleicher was born into a military family in Brandenburg an der Havel on 7 April 1882. Entering the Prussian Army as a lieutenant in 1900, he rose to become a General Staff officer in the Railway Department of the German General Staff and served in the General Staff of the Supreme Army Command during World War I. Schleicher served as liaison between the Army and the new Weimar Republic during the German Revolution of 1918\u201319. An important player in the Reichswehr's efforts to avoid the restrictions of the Treaty of Versailles, Schleicher rose to power as head of the Reichswehr's Armed Forces Department and close advisor to President Paul von Hindenburg from 1926 onward. Following the appointment of his mentor Wilhelm Groener as Minister of Defense in 1928, Schleicher became head of the Defense Ministry's Office of Ministerial Affairs (Ministeramt) in 1929. In 1930 he was instrumental in the toppling of Hermann M\u00fcller's government and the appointment of Heinrich Br\u00fcning as Chancellor. He enlisted the services of the SA as an auxiliary force for the Reichswehr from 1931 onward.\nBeginning in 1932 he served as Minister of Defense in the cabinet of Franz von Papen and was the prime mover behind the Preu\u00dfenschlag coup against the Social Democratic government of Prussia. Schleicher organized the downfall of Papen and succeeded him as Chancellor on 3 December. During his brief term, Schleicher negotiated with Gregor Strasser on a possible secession of the latter from the Nazi Party but their scheme failed. Schleicher attempted to \"tame\" Hitler into cooperating with his government by threatening him with an anti-Nazi alliance of parties, the so-called Querfront (\"cross-front\"). Hitler refused to abandon his claim to the chancellorship and Schleicher's plan failed. Schleicher then proposed to President Hindenburg to disperse the Reichstag and rule as a de facto dictator, a course of action Hindenburg rejected.\nOn 28 January 1933, facing a political impasse and deteriorating health, Schleicher resigned and recommended the appointment of Hitler in his stead. Schleicher sought to return to politics by exploiting the divisions between Ernst R\u00f6hm and Hitler but on 30 June 1934 he and his wife Elisabeth were murdered on the orders of Hitler during the Night of the Long Knives.", "Q4892030": "Berkeley High School is a public high school in the Berkeley Unified School District, and the only public high school in the city of Berkeley, California, United States. It is located one long block west of Shattuck Avenue and three short blocks south of University Avenue in Downtown Berkeley, and is recognized as a Berkeley landmark. The school mascot is the Yellowjacket.", "Q710973": "Jan Wong (Chinese: \u9ec3\u660e\u73cd; pinyin: Hu\u00e1ng M\u00edngzh\u0113n; born August 15, 1952) is a Canadian journalist of Taishan, Guangdong ancestry. Wong worked for The Globe and Mail, serving as Beijing correspondent from 1988 to 1994, when she returned to write from Canada. She is the daughter of Montreal businessman Bill Wong, founder of Bill Wong's buffet in 1963, and earlier of the House of Wong which was the city's first Chinese restaurant to open outside Chinatown.\n\n", "Q247376": "Rafa\u0142 D\u0119bski (born 1969) is a Polish writer of fantasy, historic, sensational and criminal novels. He works as a psychologist. Since June 2009 he has been editor in chief of the magazine Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror.\nHe debuted in Nowa Fantastyka in its May 1998 issue with his tale \"Si\u00f3dmy li\u015b\u0107\".\nIn 2005 his first novel \u0141zy Nemezis was published. In the scope of fantasy literature he won the \"Nautilus\" award in 2007 for his novel Czarny Pergamin and in 2008 for Gwiazdozbi\u00f3r kata. He published a series of criminal novels, in which the main character is police officer Micha\u0142 Wro\u0144ski. He also wrote a novel which takes place during the Russo-Chechen conflict.", "Q739339": "Pierre-Emile Martin (18 August 1824, Bourges, Cher \u2013 23 May 1915, Fourchambault) was a French industrial engineer.\n\nHe applied the principle of recovery of the hot gas in an open hearth furnace, a process invented by Carl Wilhelm Siemens.", "Q58200": "Jean Asselborn (pronounced [\u02c8\u0292\u0251\u0303\u02d0 \u02c8\u0251s\u0259lbo\u0281n];born 27 April 1949) is a Luxembourgish politician who has served in the government of Luxembourg as Minister for Foreign Affairs since 2004. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister from 2004 to 2013, under Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker.", "Q201323": "For the hummingbird, see Archilochus (genus).\n\nArchilochus (; Greek: \u1f08\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 Arkhilokhos; c. 680 \u2013 c. 645 BC) was a Greek lyric poet from the island of Paros in the Archaic period. He is celebrated for his versatile and innovative use of poetic meters, and is the earliest known Greek author to compose almost entirely on the theme of his own emotions and experiences.Alexandrian scholars included him in their canonic list of iambic poets, along with Semonides and Hipponax, yet ancient commentators also numbered him with Tyrtaeus and Callinus as the possible inventor of the elegy. Modern critics often characterize him simply as a lyric poet. Although his work now only survives in fragments, he was revered by the ancient Greeks as one of their most brilliant authors, able to be mentioned in the same breath as Homer and Hesiod, yet he was also censured by them as the archetypal poet of blame\u2014his invectives were even said to have driven his former fianc\u00e9e and her father to suicide. He presented himself as a man of few illusions either in war or in love, such as in the following elegy, where discretion is seen to be the better part of valour:\n\nArchilochus was much imitated even up to Roman times and three other distinguished poets later claimed to have thrown away their shields\u2014Alcaeus, Anacreon and Horace.", "Q218672": "Maximus Planudes (Greek: \u039c\u03ac\u03be\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2, M\u00e1ximos Plano\u00fad\u0113s; c.\u20091260 \u2013 c.\u20091305) was a Byzantine Greek monk, scholar, anthologist, translator, mathematician, grammarian and theologian at Constantinople. Through his translations from Latin into Greek and from Greek into Latin he brought the Greek East and the Latin West into closer contact with one another. He is now best known as a compiler of the Greek Anthology.", "Q207752": "Shillong (English: ;) is a hill station in the northeastern part of India and the capital of Meghalaya, which means \"The Abode of Clouds\" . It is the headquarters of the East Khasi Hills district. Shillong is the 330th most populous city in India with a population of 143,229 according to the 2011 census. It is said that the rolling hills around the town reminded the British of Scotland. Hence, they would also refer to it as the \"Scotland of the East\".Shillong has steadily grown in size since it was made the civil station of the Khasi and Jaintia Hills in 1864 by the British. In 1874, on the formation of Assam as the Chief Commissioner's Province, it was chosen as the headquarters of the new administration because of its convenient location between the Brahmaputra and Surma valleys and more so because the climate of Shillong was much cooler than tropical India. Shillong remained the capital of undivided Assam until the creation of the new state of Meghalaya on 21 January 1972, when Shillong became the capital of Meghalaya, and Assam moved its capital to Dispur in Guwahati.", "Q472182": "Charles Henry Dow (; November 6, 1851 \u2013 December 4, 1902) was an American journalist who co-founded Dow Jones & Company with Edward Jones and Charles Bergstresser.\nDow also founded The Wall Street Journal, which has become one of the most respected financial publications in the world. He also invented the Dow Jones Industrial Average as part of his research into market movements. He developed a series of principles for understanding and analyzing market behavior which later became known as Dow theory, the groundwork for technical analysis.", "Q935898": "Los Shakers were a popular rock band in 1960s and was a part of the Uruguayan Invasion in Latin America. They were heavily influenced by the look and sound of the Beatles. In the late 1960s they would broaden and expand their musical direction before breaking up in 1969.", "Q3384033": "Pierre Blayau (born 14 December 1950) is a French business executive. From 2001 to 2013 he was the president of GEODIS Logistics Deutschland GmbH, a subsidiary of SNCF.Originally from Rennes, Brittany, he is an alumnus of the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure of Saint-Cloud, Sciences Po and the \u00c9cole nationale d'administration, finishing his studies in 1978.Blayau worked extensively in French football, first with AS Nancy and later his hometown team Stade Rennais F.C., for whom he was president from 1998 to 2000. He was also treasurer of the Ligue de Football Professionnel from 2003 to 2005, and part of the organising group for the 1998 FIFA World Cup in the country. On 2 May 2005 he was named president of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. by owners Canal+, in place of Francis Graille. He lasted just under a year in the job, as the sale of the club to Colony Capital led to his replacement by Alain Cayzac.\n\n", "Q134452": "Charles VIII, called the Affable (French: l'Affable; 30 June 1470 \u2013 7 April 1498), was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498. He succeeded his father Louis XI at the age of 13. His elder sister Anne acted as regent jointly with her husband Peter II, Duke of Bourbon until 1491 when the young king turned 21 years of age. During Anne's regency, the great lords rebelled against royal centralisation efforts in a conflict known as the Mad War (1485\u20131488), which resulted in a victory for the royal government.\nIn a remarkable stroke of audacity, Charles married Anne of Brittany in 1491 after she had already been married by proxy to the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I in a ceremony of questionable validity. Preoccupied by the problematic succession in the Kingdom of Hungary, Maximilian failed to press his claim. Upon his marriage, Charles became administrator of Brittany and established a personal union that enabled France to avoid total encirclement by Habsburg territories.\nTo secure his rights to the Neapolitan throne that Ren\u00e9 of Anjou had left to his father, Charles made a series of concessions to neighbouring monarchs and conquered the Italian peninsula without much opposition. A coalition formed against the French invasion of 1494\u201398 finally drove out Charles' army, but Italian Wars would dominate Western European politics for over 50 years.\nCharles died in 1498 after accidentally striking his head on the lintel of a door at the Ch\u00e2teau d'Amboise, his place of birth. Since he had no male heir, he was succeeded by his cousin Louis XII from the Orl\u00e9ans cadet branch of the House of Valois.", "Q271808": "Amanda Swisten (born December 20, 1978) is a former American model and actress of Scandinavian/Slavic descent, who has appeared in various films and TV shows.\nSwisten was born in New York City, New York. Her first credited appearance was in the film American Wedding in 2003 while playing Fraulein Brandi. After which she appeared in films such as The Last Run (2004), The Girl Next Door (2004), and Freezer Burn (2005). She has had guest appearances on TV series such as I'm with Her, Two and a Half Men, Quintuplets, and Joey. She has also appeared in a music video for William Hung's She Bangs as the artist's \"new girlfriend\".", "Q452252": "Dorothy Veronica Previn (n\u00e9e Langan; October 22, 1925 \u2013 February 14, 2012) was an American lyricist, singer-songwriter and poet.\nDuring the late 1950s and 1960s she was a lyricist on songs intended for motion pictures and, with her then husband, Andr\u00e9 Previn, received several Academy Award nominations. In the 1970s, after their divorce, she released six albums of original songs and an acclaimed live album. Previn's lyrics from this period are characterized by their originality, irony and honesty in dealing with her troubled personal life as well as more generally about relationships, sexuality, religion and psychology. Until her death, she continued to work as a writer of song lyrics and prose.\n\n", "Q1032540": "Canal+ (Canal Plus, French pronunciation: \u200b[kanal plys], meaning 'Channel Plus'; sometimes abbreviated C+) is a French premium television channel launched in 1984. It is 100% owned by the Canal+ Group, which in turn is owned by Vivendi. The channel broadcasts several kinds of programming, mostly encrypted. Unencrypted programming can be viewed free of charge on Canal+ and on satellite on Canal+ Clair (Clear). The channel does not broadcast advertising, except when broadcasting on free-to-air slots. Almost all foreign films and series are broadcast in their original language with French subtitles on a secondary audio channel and dubbed in French or in French. All the programs of the group's channels are subtitled in French for the deaf and hard of hearing and the visually impaired also have access audio description for some programs.\nCanal+ is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) initiative, which promotes and establishes an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.\nSince November 2017, Canal+ began to expand their catalogue internationally through the international feed, Canal+ International.", "Q11172": "Addys Mercedes (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u00f0is me\u027e\u02c8se\u00f0es], formerly known as Addys D'Mercedes) is a Cuban pop and world music singer living in Germany and Spain.\nShe made her UK debut in 2001 at the Guildford Festival and since then has undertaken two British tours.", "Q104591": "Georg Cracow, Krak\u00f3w, Cracov, Cracau or Cracovius (7 November 1525, Stettin \u2013 17 March 1575, Leipzig) was a German lawyer and statesman.", "Q83410": "Cary Grant (born Archibald Alec Leach; January 18, 1904 \u2013 November 29, 1986) was an English-born American actor, known as one of classic Hollywood's definitive leading men. He was known for his transatlantic accent, debonair demeanor, light-hearted approach to acting, and sense of comic timing. \nGrant was born in Horfield, Bristol. He became attracted to theater at a young age and began performing with a troupe known as \"The Penders\" at age six. At the age of 16, he went as a stage performer with the Pender Troupe for a tour of the US. After a series of successful performances in New York City, he decided to stay there. He established a name for himself in vaudeville in the 1920s and toured the United States before moving to Hollywood in the early 1930s. \nGrant initially appeared in crime films or dramas such as Blonde Venus (1932) with Marlene Dietrich and She Done Him Wrong (1933) with Mae West, but later gained renown for his performances in romantic and screwball comedies such as The Awful Truth (1937) with Irene Dunne, Bringing Up Baby (1938) with Katharine Hepburn, His Girl Friday (1940) and The Philadelphia Story (1940) with Hepburn and James Stewart, often with some of the biggest female stars of the day. These films are frequently cited among the greatest comedy films of all time. Other well-known films in which he starred in this period were the adventure Gunga Din (1939) and the dark comedy Arsenic and Old Lace (1944). He also began to move into dramas such as Only Angels Have Wings (1939), Penny Serenade (1941) and Clifford Odets' None but the Lonely Heart (1944); he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the latter two.\nDuring the 1940s and 1950s, Grant developed a close working relationship with director Alfred Hitchcock, who cast the popular actor in several of his critically acclaimed films, including Suspicion (1941), Notorious (1946), To Catch a Thief (1955), and North by Northwest (1959). The suspense-dramas Suspicion and Notorious both involved Grant showing a darker, more ambiguous nature in his characters. Toward the end of his film career, Grant was praised by critics as a romantic leading man, and he received five nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor, including Indiscreet (1958) with Ingrid Bergman, That Touch of Mink (1962) with Doris Day, and Charade (1963) with Audrey Hepburn. He is remembered by critics for his unusually broad appeal as a handsome, suave actor who did not take himself too seriously, able to play with his own dignity in comedies without sacrificing it entirely.\nGrant was married five times, three of them elopements with actresses Virginia Cherrill (1934\u20131935), Betsy Drake (1949\u20131962), and Dyan Cannon (1965\u20131968). He retired from film acting in 1966 and pursued numerous business interests, representing cosmetics firm Faberg\u00e9 and sitting on the board of MGM. He was presented with an Honorary Oscar by his friend Frank Sinatra at the 42nd Academy Awards in 1970, and he was accorded the Kennedy Center Honors in 1981. He died five years later from a stroke in Davenport, Iowa. In 1999, the American Film Institute named him the second greatest male star of Golden Age Hollywood cinema trailing only Humphrey Bogart.", "Q58214": "Pak Ui-Chun (Korean pronunciation: [pa.\u0261i.ts\u02b0un] or [pak\u031a] [\u0270i.ts\u02b0un]; born 1932) is a North Korean diplomat and politician. He was the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and was replaced by Ri Su-yong following the 2014 North Korean parliamentary election.Pak began his diplomatic career in 1972, and went on to serve as ambassador of North Korea to Algeria, Syria and Lebanon. From 1989 to 2007, he served as ambassador to Russia, before being appointed Foreign Affairs Minister upon the death in office of his predecessor Paek Nam-sun.", "Q1661425": "Alain Plan\u00e8s (Lyon, 20 January 1948) is a French classical pianist. He started playing the instrument when he was 5 years, and was already playing with an orchestra at 8 years old. He studied in Lyon, then in Paris with Jacques F\u00e9vrier and was the soloist of the Ensemble intercontemporain of Pierre Boulez till 1981. His recording of Pr\u00e9ludes (Debussy) was voted classical record of the year at the Victoires de la musique classique in 1986.", "Q251500": "\u00c1ngel Aranda (18 September 1934 \u2013 4 July 2000) was a Spanish film actor. He appeared in 48 films between 1955 and 1980. He was born in Andaluc\u00eda, Spain.", "Q61495": "Wolfgang Seidel (4 July 1926 in Dresden \u2013 1 March 1987 in Munich) was a racing driver from Germany. He participated in 12 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 2 August 1953. He scored no championship points.\nSeidel often entered cars under his own name, or under the Scuderia Colonia banner. After having been refused a start at the 1962 German Grand Prix due to slowness, Seidel got in an argument with officials from the Automobilclub von Deutschland. Combined with some doubts about the level of preparation of his cars, Seidel's competition licence was withdrawn, and he offered his two cars up for sale. In spite of not having a licence, Seidel competed in the non-championship 1962 Mexican Grand Prix a few months later.\nHe died in 1987 of a heart attack.", "Q95272": "Princess Mechtilde Lichnowsky, originally Mechtilde Christiane Marie Gr\u00e4fin von und zu Arco-Zinneberg, later Mechtilde Peto (8 March 1879, in Schloss Sch\u00f6nburg, Pocking now in the Kreis Passau - 4 June 1958, in London) was a German author, married to Karl Max, F\u00fcrst von Lichnowsky, 6th Prince and 8th Count Lichnowsky (1860\u20131928) who succeeded his father in 1901, and served as Imperial German Ambassador to the Court of St. James's, 1912-1914. In 1937 she married Ralph Harding Peto, grandson of Sir Samuel Morton Peto, 1st Baronet.\nShe was originally from the House of Von Arco-Zinneberg, a branch of the Tyrolese House of Arco.", "Q5752": "Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin (; Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0301\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043d; 9 December 1842 \u2013 8 February 1921) was a Russian activist, writer, revolutionary, scientist, economist, sociologist, historian, essayist, researcher, political scientist, biologist, geographer and philosopher who advocated anarcho-communism.\nBorn into an aristocratic land-owning family, he attended a military school and later served as an officer in Siberia, where he participated in several geological expeditions. He was imprisoned for his activism in 1874 and managed to escape two years later. He spent the next 41 years in exile in Switzerland, France (where he was imprisoned for almost four years) and in England. While in exile, Kropotkin gave lectures and published widely on anarchism and geography. He returned to Russia after the Russian Revolution in 1917 but was disappointed by the Bolshevik form of state socialism.\nKropotkin was a proponent of a decentralised communist society free from central government and based on voluntary associations of self-governing communities and worker-run enterprises. He wrote many books, pamphlets, and articles, the most prominent being The Conquest of Bread and Fields, Factories and Workshops; and his principal scientific offering, Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution. He also contributed the article on anarchism to the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Eleventh Edition and left unfinished a work on anarchist ethical philosophy.", "Q207746": "Ben 10 (also later known as Ben 10 Classic) is an American animated series created by Man of Action (a group consisting of Duncan Rouleau, Joe Casey, Joe Kelly, and Steven T. Seagle), and produced by Cartoon Network Studios. The series is about a 10-year-old boy named Ben Tennyson who gets a watch-style alien device called the \"Omnitrix\". Attached to his wrist, it allows him to transform into various alien creatures. He uses these powers to fight evil from Earth and space. The series first aired on Cartoon Network as a sneak peek on December 27, 2005 as part of \"Sneak Peek Week\", airing alongside other shows, including My Gym Partner's a Monkey, Robotboy, and Zixx. The show later began airing on January 14, 2006 and ended on April 15, 2008.\nThe series gradually became popular and was nominated for two Emmy Awards, winning one for \"Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation\". The show would go on to spawn a franchise; Ben 10 was succeeded by Ben 10: Alien Force, Ben 10: Ultimate Alien, Ben 10: Omniverse, and was revived with a 2016\u20132017 version.", "Q239870": "Columbus is a consolidated city-county located on the west-central border of the U.S. state of Georgia. Located on the Chattahoochee River directly across from Phenix City, Alabama, Columbus is the county seat of Muscogee County, with which it officially merged in 1970. Columbus is the third-largest city in Georgia and the fourth-largest metropolitan area. According to the 2018 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau, Columbus has a population of 194,160 residents, with 303,811 in the Columbus metropolitan area. The metro area joins the nearby Alabama cities of Auburn and Opelika to form the Columbus\u2013Auburn\u2013Opelika Combined Statistical Area, which has a 2017 estimated population of 499,128.\nColumbus lies 100 miles (160 km) southwest of Atlanta. Fort Benning, the United States Army's Maneuver Center of Excellence and a major employer, is located south of the city in southern Muscogee and Chattahoochee counties. Columbus is home to museums and tourism sites, including the National Infantry Museum, dedicated to the United States Army's Infantry Branch. It has the longest urban whitewater rafting course in the world constructed on the Chattahoochee River.", "Q60953": "Lilli Palmer (born Lilli Marie Peiser; 24 May 1914 \u2013 27 January 1986) was a German actress and writer. After beginning her career in British films in the 1930s, she would later transition to major Hollywood productions, earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance in But Not for Me (1959).\nOther notable roles include in the comedy The Pleasure of His Company (1961), the Spanish horror film The House That Screamed (1969), and in the miniseries Peter the Great (1986), which earned her another Golden Globe Award nomination. For her career in European films, Palmer won the Volpi Cup, and the Deutscher Filmpreis three times.", "Q18630": "Miko\u0142aj S\u0119p Szarzy\u0144ski (c. 1550 \u2013 c. 1581) was an influential Polish poet of the late Renaissance who wrote in both Polish and Latin. He was a pioneer of the Baroque and the greatest representative of the metaphysical movement of the era in Poland. His love poems are often classed as mannerist. Jan B\u0142o\u0144ski has called S\u0119p Szarzy\u0144ski a \"mystical poet full of abstraction\", and Wiktor Weintraub has called him \"the most outstanding poet of the times of Jan Kochanowski\". The poet's status in the history of Polish literature is controversial.", "Q49319": "Egbert Nathaniel Dawkins III (born January 7, 1979), known professionally as Aloe Blacc (), is an American musician, singer, composer, record producer, and philanthropist. He is best known for his singles \"I Need a Dollar\", \"The Man\", which topped the charts in the United Kingdom, and for writing and performing vocals on Avicii's \"Wake Me Up\", which topped the charts in 22 countries, including Australia and the United Kingdom. Aside from his solo career, Blacc is also a member of hip hop duo Emanon, alongside American record producer Exile.", "Q741296": "Gazeta Wyborcza (Polish pronunciation: [\u0261a\u02c8z\u025bta v\u0268\u02c8b\u0254rt\u0282a]; Electoral Gazette in English) is a daily newspaper published in Warsaw, Poland. Covering the gamut of political, international and general news from a liberal perspective, Gazeta Wyborcza was Poland's first post-communist independent daily newspaper.", "Q173719": "Al Herman (March 15, 1926 \u2013 June 18, 1960) was an American racecar driver.\nBorn in Topton, Pennsylvania, Herman died in West Haven, Connecticut as a result of injuries sustained in a midget car crash at the West Haven Speedway. Herman was involved in a multi-car crash on the first lap of the feature race and his car rolled. He drove in the American Automobile Association (AAA) and United States Automobile Club (USAC) Championship Car series, racing in the 1955-1957 and 1959-1960 seasons with 11 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 races in each of those years. He finished in the top ten 3 times, with his best finish in 7th position, in the 1955 Indianapolis 500, earning him Rookie of the Year.\n\n", "Q45523": "Brisbane Airport (IATA: BNE, ICAO: YBBN) is the primary international airport serving Brisbane and South East Queensland. The airport services 31 airlines flying to 50 domestic and 29 international destinations, in total amounting in more than 22.7 million passengers who travelled through the airport in 2016. In 2016, an OAG report named Brisbane airport as the fifth-best performing large-sized airport in the world for on-time performance with 86.71% of arrivals and departures occurring within 15 minutes of their scheduled times, slipping from 88.31% the year before.Brisbane Airport is a major hub for both Virgin Australia and Qantas, and a secondary hub for Qantas' low cost subsidiary Jetstar. Tigerair Australia also opened a base at Brisbane Airport on 11 March 2014. Brisbane has the third highest number of domestic connections in Australia following Sydney and Melbourne. It is also home to Qantas' A330 and B737 heavy maintenance facilities. Virgin Australia has a smaller maintenance facility at the Airport, where line-maintenance on the Airline's 737 fleet is performed. Other airlines, namely QantasLink, and Alliance Airlines also conduct maintenance at their respective facilities at the Airport. The airport has international and domestic passenger terminals, a cargo terminal, a general aviation terminal and apron as well as two runways. JETGO Australia also operated from Brisbane Airport until its demise in 2018.\nOn March 30, runway 14/32 was decommissioned early as part of Brisbane's new runway 'Operational Readiness & Testing' phase so that the newly decommissioned cross runway could be used for aircraft parking.", "Q440656": "Ashley Hinshaw (born December 11, 1988) is an American actress and model. She is known for her leading role in the 2012 film About Cherry, and for her role in the 2016 Crackle television series StartUp. Since 2017 she has been credited using her married name Ashley Grace.", "Q438935": "Raymond Lee \"Ray\" Luzier (born June 14, 1970) is an American drummer. He is the drummer of the nu metal band Korn, becoming a full-time member of the band in April 2009.", "Q367918": "Francis O'Neill (August 28, 1848\u2013January 28, 1936) was an Irish-born American police officer and collector of Irish traditional music. His biographer Nicholas Carolan referred to him as \"the greatest individual influence on the evolution of Irish traditional dance music in the twentieth century\".", "Q9168": "Persian (), also known by its endonym Farsi (\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc, F\u0101rs\u012b, [f\u0252\u02d0\u027e\u02c8si\u02d0] (listen)), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. It is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan in three mutually intelligible standard varieties, namely Iranian Persian, Dari Persian (officially named Dari since 1958) and Tajiki Persian (officially named Tajik since the Soviet era). It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate history in the cultural sphere of Greater Iran. It is written officially within Iran and Afghanistan in the Persian alphabet, a derivation of the Arabic script, and within Tajikistan in the Tajik alphabet, a derivation of Cyrillic.\nThe Persian language is a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of the Sasanian Empire (224\u2013651 CE), itself a continuation of Old Persian, which was used in the Achaemenid Empire (550\u2013330 BC). It originated in the region of Fars (Persia) in southwestern Iran. Its grammar is similar to that of many European languages.Throughout history, Persian has been a prestigious cultural language used by various empires in Western Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia. Old Persian written works are attested in Old Persian cuneiform on several inscriptions from between the 6th and the 4th centuries BC, and Middle Persian literature is attested in Aramaic-derived scripts (Pahlavi and Manichaean) on inscriptions from the time of the Parthian Empire and in books centered in Zoroastrian and Manichaean scriptures from between the 3rd to the 10th century AD. New Persian literature began to flourish after the Arab invasion of Iran with its earliest records from the 9th century, since then adopting the Arabic script. Persian was the first language to break through the monopoly of Arabic on writing in the Muslim world, with the writing of Persian poetry developed as a court tradition in many eastern courts. Some of the famous works of medieval Persian literature are the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, the works of Rumi, the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, the Panj Ganj of Nizami Ganjavi, the Div\u0101n of Hafez, The Conference of the Birds by Attar of Nishapur, and the miscellanea of Gulistan and Bustan by Saadi Shirazi.\nPersian has left a considerable influence on its neighboring languages, including other Iranian languages, the Turkic languages, Armenian, Georgian and the Indo-Aryan languages (especially Urdu and Dobhashi). It also exerted some influence on Arabic, while borrowing vocabulary from it under medieval Arab rule.There are approximately 110 million Persian speakers worldwide, including Persians, Tajiks, Hazaras, Caucasian Tats and Aimaqs. The term Persophone might also be used to refer to a speaker of Persian.", "Q106386": "Monika Baumgartner (born July 19, 1951 in Munich, Germany) is a German television actress and theatre director. In her roles, she usually plays persons typical for the Bavaria region in Germany. Baumgartner studied at the Otto-Falckenberg-Schule, a theatre academy in Munich, after which she took theatre roles in Mannheim and Hamburg and minor roles in TV shows.\nHer breakthrough came in 1982 when she starred in Die Rumpelhanni, a TV series, where she played the main role by the same name.\nShe is also remembered for playing several roles in Derrick.\nBaumgartner was awarded the Bayerischer Fernsehpreis (a Bavarian TV award) for her appearance in \u201cSau sticht\u201d. In 1998, she directed for the first time in \u201cDie Ehrabschneider\u201d.\nBaumgartner teaches at the Bayerische Theaterakademie August Everding, regularly appears on stage in Munich and runs an interior decoration store with her sister.", "Q1248240": "Thomas Earl Starzl (March 11, 1926 \u2013 March 4, 2017) was an American physician, researcher, and expert on organ transplants. He performed the first human liver transplants, and has often been referred to as \"the father of modern transplantation.\"", "Q129365": "Peter Oskam (born January 5, 1960 in The Hague) is a Dutch politician and former football referee and judge. As a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) he was an MP between September 20, 2012 and January 4, 2016.As a referee he refereed 64 football games in the Eredivisie (Honorary Division) between 1998 and 2004. Oskam also officiated in UEFA Euro 2004 qualification, serving as fourth official for the qualifying match between the Faroe Islands and Germany. As a judge he was vice president of the court of Rotterdam and Amsterdam.\nIn November 2015 it was announced Oskam would leave the House of Representatives to become mayor of Capelle aan den IJssel per January 2016. He was sworn in as mayor on 4 January. He was replaced in the House by Mustafa Amhaouch.Oskam is married, has four children, and lives in Rijswijk.\n\n", "Q179552": "Themistocles (; Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 Greek pronunciation: [t\u02b0emistokl\u025b\u0302\u02d0s] Themistokl\u1ebds; \"Glory of the Law\"; c. 524\u2013459 BC) was an Athenian politician and general. He was one of a new breed of non-aristocratic politicians who rose to prominence in the early years of the Athenian democracy. As a politician, Themistocles was a populist, having the support of lower-class Athenians, and generally being at odds with the Athenian nobility. Elected archon in 493 BC, he convinced the polis to increase the naval power of Athens, a recurring theme in his political career. During the first Persian invasion of Greece he fought at the Battle of Marathon (490 BC) and was possibly one of the ten Athenian strategoi (generals) in that battle.In the years after Marathon, and in the run-up to the second Persian invasion of 480\u2013479 BC, Themistocles became the most prominent politician in Athens. He continued to advocate for a strong Athenian Navy, and in 483 BC he persuaded the Athenians to build a fleet of 200 triremes; these proved crucial in the forthcoming conflict with Persia. During the second invasion, he effectively commanded the Greek allied navy at the battles of Artemisium and Salamis in 480 BC. Due to his subterfuge, the Allies successfully lured the Persian fleet into the Straits of Salamis, and the decisive Greek victory there was the turning point of the war. The invasion was conclusively repulsed the following year after the Persian defeat at the land Battle of Plataea.\nAfter the conflict ended, Themistocles continued his pre-eminence among Athenian politicians. However, he aroused the hostility of Sparta by ordering the re-fortification of Athens, and his perceived arrogance began to alienate him from the Athenians. In 472 or 471 BC, he was ostracised, and went into exile in Argos. The Spartans now saw an opportunity to destroy Themistocles, and implicated him in the alleged treasonous plot of 478 BC of their own general Pausanias. Themistocles thus fled from Greece. Alexander I of Macedon (r. 498\u2013454 BC) temporarily gave him sanctuary at Pydna before he traveled to Asia Minor, where he entered the service of the Persian king Artaxerxes I (reigned 465\u2013424 BC). He was made governor of Magnesia, and lived there for the rest of his life.\nThemistocles died in 459 BC, probably of natural causes. His reputation was posthumously rehabilitated, and he was re-established as a hero of the Athenian (and indeed Greek) cause. Themistocles can still reasonably be thought of as \"the man most instrumental in achieving the salvation of Greece\" from the Persian threat, as Plutarch describes him. His naval policies would have a lasting impact on Athens as well, since maritime power became the cornerstone of the Athenian Empire and golden age. Thucydides assessed Themistocles as \"a man who exhibited the most indubitable signs of genius; indeed, in this particular he has a claim on our admiration quite extraordinary and unparalleled\".", "Q127348": "Henricus Franciscus Caroluszoon (Hendrik) Tollens (24 September 1780 \u2013 21 October 1856) was a Dutch poet best known for Wien Ne\u00earlands Bloed, the national anthem of the Netherlands between 1815 and 1932.\nThe Tollens Prize is named after him.\n\n", "Q300983": "Aaltra is a 2004 Belgian French-language deadpan black comedy film directed and written by Gustave de Kervern and Beno\u00eet Del\u00e9pine. The film won four awards and was nominated for three others.\n\n", "Q357603": "Franklin Pierce Adams (November 15, 1881 \u2013 March 23, 1960) was an American columnist known as Franklin P. Adams and by his initials F.P.A.. Famed for his wit, he is best known for his newspaper column, \"The Conning Tower\", and his appearances as a regular panelist on radio's Information Please. A prolific writer of light verse, he was a member of the Algonquin Round Table of the 1920s and 1930s.\n\n", "Q1251711": "Doug Bragg (April 13, 1928 \u2013 March 13, 1973), born Douglas Clifton Bragg in Gilmer, Texas, was a musician and part of the Big \u201cD\u201d Jamboree. Throughout his music career, he continued his daytime profession as a butcher. He wrote many original songs including You\u2019ll Have to Give (Just a Little), Whirlwind, Calling Me Back, One More Mistake and Remember. In the late 1950s, he formed a six piece band called The Drifters which included Earl Martin and Frank White. He made frequent appearances on the Louisiana Hayride as well.", "Q89883": "Frida Richard (born Friederike Raithel, 1 November 1873 \u2013 12 September 1946) was an Austrian actress.", "Q330840": "Charles Butters (May 10, 1914 \u2013 July 30, 1980), best known by his stage name Charles McGraw, was an American actor.", "Q449114": "Laura Ashley (7 September 1925 \u2013 17 September 1985) was a Welsh fashion designer and businesswoman. She originally made furnishing materials in the 1950s, expanding the business into clothing design and manufacture in the 1960s. The Laura Ashley style is characterised by Romantic English designs \u2014 often with a 19th-century rural feel \u2014 and the use of natural fabrics.", "Q2425943": "Thomas Milburn Davis III (born January 5, 1949) is an American lobbyist and former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives who represented Virginia's 11th congressional district in Northern Virginia. Davis was considering a run for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by five-term incumbent and fellow Republican John Warner in the 2008 election, but decided against it. He announced on January 30, 2008, that he would not seek reelection to an eighth term. Davis resigned from Congress on November 24, 2008.From 2008 to 2018, he was a director of federal government affairs at Deloitte. He is currently the rector (head of the Board of Visitors) of George Mason University and a trustee of its Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study. In January 2019, he began work as a partner in the law firm Holland and Knight.", "Q17026097": "Rose Against the Odds is a 1991 Australian mini series about the life of Lionel Rose.", "Q725704": "Joseph Oller (Josep Oller i Roca in Catalan) (1839\u20131922) was a Catalan (from Catalonia, Spain) entrepreneur who lived in Paris for most of his life. He co-founded the famous cabaret Moulin Rouge with Charles Zidler and was the inventor of the parimutuel betting.\n\n", "Q87110": "Ernst Neubach (3 January 1900, Vienna \u2013 21 May 1968, Munich) was an Austrian screenwriter, producer and director.", "Q88223": "Herbert Feuerstein (born 15 June 1937) is an Austrian and German journalist, comedian and entertainer.\nFeuerstein was born in Zell am See, Austria, and studied music at the Salzburg Mozarteum from 1956 to 1958, majoring in piano, harpsichord and composition. However, he never graduated and in 1960, he followed his first wife to New York. There, he worked for and, from 1968, became editor of the German-language newspaper New Yorker Staats-Zeitung. He also worked as a \"U.S. correspondent\" for the German satire magazine Pardon.\nAfter divorcing his first wife, Feuerstein returned to Europe in 1969. He worked as a publisher of the Pardon magazine and later, from 1968, was the editor of the German version of Mad.Since 1984, he has mainly been working in German TV, being partner to Harald Schmidt in comedy shows such as \"Pssst...\" (1989\u20131995) and \"Schmidteinander\" (1990\u20131994). In 1995 he starred in the TV film Entf\u00fchrung aus der Lindenstra\u00dfe. Twice, in 1997 and 1998, he hosted twelve-hour-long live TV shows, dubbed \"Feuersteins Nacht\" (Feuerstein's Night), for WDR. He also worked as the dub voice of Gilbert Huph - with whom he bears a striking optical resemblance - in the German-language version of Pixar's \"The Incredibles\".\nA native Austrian, he became a German citizen in 1992.\n\n", "Q492076": "Fiestar (Korean: \ud53c\uc5d0\uc2a4\ud0c0) was a South Korean girl group formed by Kakao M. Before the group's debut, they released a duet with label mate IU titled \u201cSea of Moonlight\u201d for LOEN Entertainment's collective label album. The track ended up being a domestic success and entered the top ten of the Gaon Digital Chart, earning the group attention before their debut. The group officially debuted on August 31, 2012 with the single album \u201cVista\u201d and six members Cao Lu, Jei, Linzy, Hyemi, Cheska and Yezi to critical acclaim and commercial success.\nThe group released their second single album \u201cWe Don\u2019t Stop\u201d on November 9, this time to mixed reviews. On March 20, 2014 member Cheska officially left the group. In July of that same year, the group released a song titled \u201cOne More\u201d to backlash and controversy due to its supposedly risqu\u00e9 lyrics, the song ended up being banned from broadcast by MBC, and the group had to change the lyrics for their follow up promotions. The group's first mini album was released in March 2015 titled Black Label. The group's second mini album was released in March 2016 titled A Delicate Sense, two months later the group released the song \u201cApple Pie\u201d which ended up being their last single before the group's official disbandment in May 2018 following their contract expiration.", "Q1501369": "Gene Barge (born August 9, 1926) is an American tenor and alto saxophonist, composer in several bands, and actor.", "Q202158": "H\u00e4meenlinna (Swedish: Tavastehus; Karelian: H\u00e4mienlinna) is a city and municipality of about 68,000 inhabitants in the heart of the historical province of H\u00e4me in the south of Finland. H\u00e4meenlinna is the oldest inland city of Finland and was one of the most important Finnish cities until the 19th century. It still remains an important regional center.\nH\u00e4meenlinna is the birthplace of composer Jean Sibelius. Today, it belongs to the region of Tavastia Proper (Kanta-H\u00e4me), and before 2010 it was the residence city for the Governor of the province of Southern Finland. Nearby cities include the capital Helsinki (98 km or 61 mi), Tampere (73 km or 45 mi) and Lahti (72 km or 45 mi).\nThe medieval H\u00e4me Castle (H\u00e4meen linna) is located in the city.\n\nThe municipalities of Hauho, Kalvola, Lammi, Renko and Tuulos were consolidated with H\u00e4meenlinna on 1 January 2009.\n\n", "Q938402": "Lazar \"Laza\" Kosti\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440 \u041b\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u045b; 12 February 1841 \u2013 27 November 1910) was a Serbian poet, prose writer, lawyer, aesthetician, journalist, publicist, and politician who is considered to be one of the greatest minds of Serbian literature. Kosti\u0107 wrote around 150 lyrics, 20 epic poems, three dramas, one monograph, several essays, short stories, and a number of articles. Kosti\u0107 promoted the study of English literature and together with Jovan Andrejevi\u0107-Joles was one of the first to begin the systematic translation of the works of William Shakespeare into the Serbian language. Kosti\u0107 also wrote an introduction of Shakespeare's works to Serbian culture.", "Q193835": "Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Minnie Driver, and Stellan Skarsg\u00e5rd. Written by Affleck and Damon, the film follows 20-year-old South Boston janitor Will Hunting, an unrecognized genius who, as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer, becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor. Through his therapy sessions, Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend, his girlfriend, and himself, facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future.\nThe film grossed over $225 million during its theatrical run, from a $10 million budget. For the 1998 Oscars it was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including the Academy Award for Best Picture, and won two: Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon.\nIn 2014, it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporter's \"100 Favorite Films\" list.", "Q744488": "Jules Fran\u00e7ois Felix Fleury-Husson (17 September 1821, in Laon, Aisne \u2013 6 December 1889, in S\u00e8vres), who wrote under the name Champfleury, was a French art critic and novelist, a prominent supporter of the Realist movement in painting and fiction.\nIn 1843 Fleury-Husson moved to Paris. He met Charles Baudelaire and the next year started writing art criticism under the pen-name \"Champfleury\" for the journal L'Artiste. He was one of the first to promote the work of Gustave Courbet, in an article appearing in an issue of Le Pamphlet in 1848.\nIn 1850, during a time when the Spanish school was still largely ignored, he advocated the work of El Greco. He wrote about the Le Nain brothers and Maurice Quentin de La Tour. He also had a brief affair in 1851 with Eveline Ha\u0144ska, the widow of his friend Honor\u00e9 de Balzac.He edited the periodical Le r\u00e9alisme in 1856 and 1857.\nHis novels, of which the best-known is Les bourgeois de Molinchart (1854), were among the earliest Realist works.\nIn 1869 his book Les Chats, a series of essays about cats including portrayals of cats by prominent artists of the time, was published by Librairie de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Botanique de France, edited by J. Rothschild.\nFrom 1872 until his death in 1889 he was Chief of Collections at the S\u00e8vres porcelain factory.\nThe character of Marcel in Henri Murger's Sc\u00e8nes de la vie de boh\u00e8me, and thus the corresponding character Marcello in Puccini's opera based on it, was partially based on Champfleury. Champfleury was a friend of Murger and they had roomed together for a time.\n\n", "Q677730": "Armand Marrast (June 5, 1801, Saint-Gaudens\u2013April 12, 1852, Paris) was a French politician and mayor of Paris.", "Q468864": "Lina Ben Mhenni (Arabic: \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a) (22 May 1983 \u2013 27 January 2020) was a Tunisian Internet activist, blogger and lecturer in linguistics at Tunis University. She was internationally recognised for her work during the 2011 Tunisian revolution and in the following years.", "Q126730": "Jan-Ole Gerster (born 1978 in Hagen) is a German film director and screenwriter.", "Q4148426": "Graceland Cemetery is a large historic rural cemetery located in the north side community area of Uptown, in the city of Chicago, Illinois, USA. Established in 1860, its main entrance is at the intersection of Clark Street and Irving Park Road. The Sheridan stop on the Red Line is the nearest CTA \"L\" station. Among the cemetery's 121 acres are the burial sites of several well-known Chicagoans.", "Q339864": "Courtney Henggeler (born December 11, 1978) is an American actress known for her starring role as Amanda LaRusso in the YouTube Premium comedy-drama web television series Cobra Kai.", "Q13003": "Arturo Toscanini (, Italian: [ar\u02c8tu\u02d0ro toska\u02c8ni\u02d0ni]; March 25, 1867 \u2013 January 16, 1957) was an Italian conductor. He was one of the most acclaimed musicians of the late 19th and of the 20th century, renowned for his intensity, his perfectionism, his ear for orchestral detail and sonority, and his eidetic memory. He was at various times the music director of La Scala in Milan, the Metropolitan Opera in New York, and the New York Philharmonic. Later in his career he was appointed the first music director of the NBC Symphony Orchestra (1937\u201354), and this led to his becoming a household name (especially in the United States) through his radio and television broadcasts and many recordings of the operatic and symphonic repertoire.", "Q733600": "The British & Irish Lions is a rugby union team selected from players eligible for any of the Home Nations \u2013 the national teams of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. The Lions are a Test side and generally select international players, but they can pick uncapped players available to any one of the four unions. The team currently tours every four years, with these rotating among Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. The most recent series, the 2017 series against New Zealand, was drawn 1-1 (with one match drawn).\nFrom 1888 onwards, combined rugby sides from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland toured the Southern Hemisphere. The first tour was a commercial venture and was undertaken without official backing. The six subsequent visits enjoyed a growing degree of support from the authorities, before the 1910 South Africa tour, which was the first tour representative of the four Home Unions. In 1949 the four Home Unions formally created a Tours Committee and for the first time, every player of the 1950 Lions squad had played internationally before the tour. The 1950s tours saw high win rates in provincial games, but the Test series were typically lost or drawn. The winning series in 1971 (New Zealand) and 1974 (South Africa) changed this pattern. The last tour of the amateur age took place in 1993. The Lions have also played occasional matches in the Northern Hemisphere either as one-off exhibitions or as part of a Southern Hemisphere tour.", "Q170576": "Milica Bogdanovna Jovovich ( YOH-v\u0259-vitch; born December 17, 1975) is an American actress, model, and musician. Her starring roles in numerous science fiction and action films led the music channel VH1 to deem her the \"reigning queen of kick-butt\" in 2006. In 2004, Forbes determined that she was the highest-paid model in the world.Born in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union, Jovovich emigrated with her parents to London when she was five, and then to Sacramento, California; she finally settled in Los Angeles seven months later. In 1987, at the age of 12, she began modeling when Herb Ritts photographed her for the cover of the Italian magazine Lei. Richard Avedon featured her in Revlon's \"Most Unforgettable Women in the World\" advertisements. In 1988, Jovovich made her screen debut on the television film The Night Train to Kathmandu and appeared in her first feature film Two Moon Junction.\nJovovich gained attention for her role in the 1991 romance film Return to the Blue Lagoon, as she was then only 15. She was considered to have a breakthrough with her role in the 1997 French science-fiction film The Fifth Element, written and directed by Luc Besson. She and Besson married that year, but soon divorced. She starred as the heroine and martyr in Besson's The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc (1999). Between 2002 and 2016, Jovovich portrayed Alice in the science fiction horror film franchise Resident Evil, which became the highest-grossing film series to be based on video games.Jovovich released a debut album, The Divine Comedy, in 1994, and a follow-up, The People Tree Sessions, in 1998. She continues to release demos for other songs on her official website and frequently contributes to film soundtracks. In 2003, she and model Carmen Hawk created the clothing line Jovovich-Hawk, which ran until 2008. Jovovich has her own production company, Creature Entertainment.", "Q65195": "Suhr is a municipality in the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q168339": "Count Hisaichi Terauchi (\u5bfa\u5185 \u5bff\u4e00, Terauchi Hisaichi, 8 August 1879 \u2013 12 June 1946) was a Gensui (or Field Marshal) in the Imperial Japanese Army, commander of the Southern Expeditionary Army Group during World War II, and a war criminal.", "Q233385": "Choi Soo-young (born February 10, 1990), professionally known as Sooyoung, is a South Korean singer, actress and songwriter. She was a member of the short-lived Korean-Japanese singing duo Route 0 during 2002 in Japan. After returning to South Korea in 2004, Sooyoung eventually became a member of girl group Girls' Generation in 2007, which went on to become one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea's most popular girl groups worldwide. Apart from her group's activities, Sooyoung has also starred in various television dramas such as The Third Hospital (2012), Dating Agency: Cyrano (2013), My Spring Days (2014), Squad 38 (2016), and Man in the Kitchen (2017\u20132018).\nIn October 2017, Sooyoung left SM Entertainment although she remains as a member of Girls' Generation. She joined Echo Global Group and released her first solo single \"Winter Breath\" in 2018, before moving to Saram Entertainment in 2019.\n\n", "Q45245": "Joachim Heinrich Campe (29 June 1746 \u2013 22 October 1818) was a German writer, linguist, educator and publisher. He was a major representative of philanthropinism and the German Enlightenment.", "Q91772": "Lisa Martinek (11 February 1972 \u2013 28 June 2019) was a German actress. She appeared in about 80 film and television productions since 1993, mostly in German television. She died in a swimming accident in Italy.", "Q139610": "Zachary Andrew Knighton (born October 25, 1978) is an American actor, most widely known for starring as Dave Rose on the ABC comedy series Happy Endings. Prior to that, he co-starred as Dr. Bryce Varley on ABC's science fiction series FlashForward. He also starred in the FOX sitcom Weird Loners and Orville \"Rick\" Wright in the CBS drama series Magnum P.I..", "Q2960128": "Charles Hammerman Rivkin (born April 6, 1962) is an American media executive and former United States diplomat who is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Motion Picture Association (MPA).Rivkin served as Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs at the U.S. Department of State from 2014 to 2017. Confirmed by the U.S. Senate on February 12, 2014, Rivkin assumed office the following day, and was sworn in publicly by U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry on April 15, 2014. Rivkin's confirmation marked the first time a U.S. ambassador and former CEO ever led the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs at the U.S. State Department.\nPrior to his appointment, Rivkin served for more than four years as the United States Ambassador to France and Monaco where he led America's first and one of its largest diplomatic missions, which has six constituent posts throughout France and represents over 50 U.S. government agencies and sections. In this capacity, Rivkin also served as the U.S. Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe.", "Q57899": "Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke (pronunciation ; Somali: Cumar Sharmaarke, Arabic: \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u200e) (born 18 June 1960), popularly known as Omar Sharmarke, is a Somali diplomat and politician. From 2009 to 2010, he was the Prime Minister of Somalia. He subsequently briefly served as Somalia's Ambassador to the United States in 2014. In December 2014, Sharmarke was reappointed Prime Minister of Somalia. His term ended on 1 March 2017 and was replaced by Hassan Ali Khayre.", "Q295542": "Paul Stanley (born Stanley Bert Eisen; January 20, 1952) is an American singer, songwriter and painter, best known for being the rhythm guitarist and co-lead vocalist of the rock band Kiss. He is the writer or co-writer of many of the band's highest-charting hits. Stanley established The Starchild character for his Kiss persona and is known for his distinctive wide ranging voice.\nHit Parader ranked him 18th on their list of Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time. Gibson.com Readers Poll also named him 13th on their list of Top 25 Frontmen.", "Q113953": "Walter Boehlich (16 September 1921 \u2013 6 April 2006) was a German journalist, literary critic, literary editor and translator.", "Q313727": "Robert Archibald Shaw (9 August 1927 \u2013 28 August 1978) was an English actor, novelist, and playwright. He was nominated for an Oscar and a Golden Globe for his role as Henry VIII in the drama film A Man for All Seasons (1966). He played the conned mobster Doyle Lonnegan in The Sting (1973) and the shark hunter Quint in Jaws (1975).\nShaw's other notable film roles include From Russia with Love (1963), Battle of Britain (1969), Young Winston (1972), The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (1974), Robin and Marian (1976) and Black Sunday (1977).", "Q174710": "The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public research university in Los Angeles. UCLA traces its early origins back to 1882 as the southern branch of the California State Normal School (now San Jose State University). It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919, making it the second-oldest (after UC Berkeley) of the 10-campus University of California system and oldest of the campuses in Southern California. It offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. UCLA enrolls about 31,500 undergraduate and 12,800 graduate students and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016, including transfer applicants, making the school the most applied-to of any American university.The university is organized into six undergraduate colleges, seven professional schools, and four professional health science schools. The undergraduate colleges are the College of Letters and Science; Samueli School of Engineering; School of the Arts and Architecture; Herb Alpert School of Music; School of Theater, Film and Television; and School of Nursing.\nAs of 2017, 24 Nobel laureates, three Fields Medalists, and five Turing Award winners, and two Chief Scientists of the U.S. Air Force have been affiliated with UCLA as faculty, researchers, or alumni. Among the current faculty members, 55 have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, 28 to the National Academy of Engineering, 39 to the Institute of Medicine, and 124 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974.UCLA is considered one of the country's Public Ivy universities, meaning that it is a public university thought to provide a quality of education comparable with that of the Ivy League. US News & World Report named UCLA the best public university in the United States for 2019.UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference. The Bruins have won 129 national championships, including 118 NCAA team championships, more than any other university except Stanford University, whose athletes have won 126. UCLA student-athletes, coaches and staff won 251 Olympic medals: 126 gold, 65 silver, and 60 bronze. UCLA student-athletes competed in every Olympics since 1920 with one exception (1924) and won a gold medal in every Olympics the U.S. participated in since 1932.", "Q885829": "Blue October is an American alternative rock band originally from Houston, Texas. The band was formed in 1995 and currently consists of Justin Furstenfeld (lead vocals, guitar), Jeremy Furstenfeld (drums, percussion), Ryan Delahoussaye (violin/viola, mandolin, piano, backing vocals), Matt Noveskey (bass guitar, backing vocals), and Will Knaak (lead guitar). The band has had eleven top 40 singles over their past seven studio albums and is best known for their platinum singles \"Hate Me\" and \"Into the Ocean\" from their 2006 platinum album Foiled.", "Q434869": "Clive Andrew Mantle (born 3 June 1957) is an English actor. He played general surgeon Mike Barratt in the BBC hospital drama series Casualty and Holby City in the 1990s, and Little John in the cult 1980s fantasy series Robin of Sherwood. He returned to Casualty in 2016 as Mike Barratt for the 30th anniversary.\nMantle was educated at Kimbolton School, Cambridgeshire between 1970 and 1975 and at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) between 1978 and 1980. He appeared in 11 productions of the National Youth Theatre in five seasons between 1974 and 1978, and began carving a successful career as a stage actor in the 1980s, alongside various television roles. In 1984 he was nominated for an Olivier Award and was joint Best Newcomer in the Plays and Players Awards for his performance as Lennie in Of Mice and Men. In 1984 he was also cast as Little John in the cult 1980s fantasy series Robin of Sherwood, a role which he considers the most enjoyable of his career and which has remained one of his best-known roles. He was to appear as the first Nuclear Man in Superman IV: The Quest for Peace in 1987, but his scenes were cut from the film; they were later included with other deleted scenes when the film was released on DVD.\nAfter playing several minor roles in other Hollywood films such as White Hunter Black Heart (1990) and Alien 3 (1992), Mantle was cast as consultant Dr Mike Barratt in the BBC television hospital drama series Casualty. He became one of its most popular characters. He left Casualty in 1996 after appearing in 85 episodes between October 1992 and November 1996, but after struggling with his acting career, he returned to the role in 1999 in Holby City, and appeared in another 32 episodes until 2001.\nOn stage, Mantle has appeared in plays such as Coming Clean, A Streetcar Named Desire, and Educating Rita, and has continued his successful stage career since departing from Holby City. In 2003 he appeared in Rattle of a Simple Man; in 2006 he played the part of The Narrator in The Rocky Horror Show; and over the Christmas and New Year period of 2007\u20132008, he portrayed the villain Abanazer in a pantomime production of Aladdin at the Theatre Royal in Bath. In 2010 he portrayed comedian Tommy Cooper in the stage entertainment show Jus' Like That! A Night Out with Tommy Cooper; it was one of his most challenging roles, due to the various skills the performance required. More recently, Mantle has become known for his roles on television as Lord Greatjon Umber in HBO's Game of Thrones and as Tony Curry, Ollie's (Will Mellor's) father, in the BBC's White Van Man.", "Q729880": "Giancarlo Meo is an Italian record producer and entrepreneur. He started his career very young, becoming one of the architects in the explosion of the Italo disco scene that has found ample evidence abroad.\nHe founded Banana Records yielding successful artists like Easy Going and Vivien Vee. In the same year, he produced the note play jouer by Claudio Cecchetto.\nIn the early '90s, he created the brand Hit Mania, combined with the launch of a series of compilations.\nThe success of Hit Mania is also linked to several famous European artists such as L\u00f9napop, Haiducii (who reached the top of the European charts with \"Dragostea Din Tei\"), the duo Zero, the band Aventura (with their single \"Obsesi\u00f3n\"), as well as Crazy Frog.\nHe is president of a group of companies that include Universe SpA and Global Mania Entertainment Ltd., which have offices in Rome.in 2016 he produced the Vittorio Soleo model (with the pseudonym of Riccardo Primo)\nwith the song \"A me le donne mi lasciano\".", "Q11614": "Diane B. Greene (born June 9, 1955) is an American technology entrepreneur and investor. Greene was a founder and the CEO of VMware from 1998 until 2008. She served as the CEO of Google's cloud businesses from 2015 until early 2019. Between 2012 and 2019, she was an Alphabet board of directors member.", "Q57641": "Viktor Mih\u00e1ly Orb\u00e1n (Hungarian: [\u02c8viktor \u02c8orba\u02d0n] (listen); born 31 May 1963) is a Hungarian politician who has been Prime Minister of Hungary since 2010; he was also Prime Minister from 1998 to 2002. He has also been President of Fidesz, a national conservative political party, since 1993, with a brief break between 2000 and 2003.\nBorn in Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, Orb\u00e1n studied law at E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, graduating in 1987. He briefly studied political science at Pembroke College, Oxford, before returning to Hungary to enter politics in the wake of the Autumn of Nations. He became head of the reformist student movement the Alliance of Young Democrats (Fiatal Demokrat\u00e1k Sz\u00f6vets\u00e9ge), which would eventually become the Fidesz party. Orb\u00e1n became a nationally known politician after giving an address at the 1989 reburial of Imre Nagy and other martyrs of the 1956 revolution, in which he openly demanded that Soviet troops withdraw from the country.\nAfter the transition to democracy in 1990, he was elected to the National Assembly and served as the leader of Fidesz's parliamentary caucus until 1993. Under his leadership, Fidesz shifted away from its original centre-right, classical liberal, pro-European integration platform toward more right-wing national conservatism. After Fidesz won a plurality of seats in the 1998 election, Orb\u00e1n was appointed Prime Minister for the first time.\nFidesz narrowly lost the 2002 and 2006 elections to the Socialist Party, with Orb\u00e1n spending this period as Leader of the Opposition. The fall in popularity of the Socialists, exacerbated by Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcs\u00e1ny's \"\u0150sz\u00f6d speech\", helped Orb\u00e1n lead Fidesz to a landslide victory in 2010. Orb\u00e1n formed a coalition with the Christian Democrats, giving him a supermajority in the National Assembly, which he used to introduce major constitutional and legislative reforms. Fidesz retained its supermajority in the 2014 and 2018 elections. In August 2018, Orb\u00e1n became the second longest-serving Prime Minister after K\u00e1lm\u00e1n Tisza.\nOrb\u00e1n's social conservatism, national conservatism, soft Euroscepticism and advocacy of what he describes as an \"illiberal state\" have attracted significant international attention. During his time in government since 2010, Hungary has experienced democratic backsliding, shifting towards authoritarianism.In March 2020, during the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, the Hungarian parliament passed a law granting the Government the power to rule by decree to the extent it is necessary to diminish the consequences of the pandemic, suspending by-elections and outlawing the \"spreading of misinformation\". The Government's special authorization is in force until the pandemic is declared to have ended.", "Q1341516": "Westminster School is a historic public school in London, England, located within the precincts of Westminster Abbey and immediately beside the Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament). Westminster's origins can be traced to the charity school established by the Benedictine monks of Westminster Abbey before the Norman Conquest in 1066, documented by the Croyland Chronicle and one of the Abbey's treasures, a charter of King Offa. Its continuous existence is certain from the early fourteenth century. Boys are admitted to Under School at the age of seven and by examination to the senior school at the age of thirteen; girls are admitted to the Sixth Form at the age of sixteen. The school has around 750 pupils; around a quarter are boarders, who mostly go home at weekends after Saturday morning school.The school motto, Dat Deus Incrementum, is taken from 1 Corinthians 3:6: \"I planted the seed and Apollos watered it, but God made it grow\" Westminster is one of the original nine great English Public Schools examined by the Clarendon Commission of 1861. and reformed by the Public Schools Acts.\nWestminster was the 13th most expensive HMC day school and 10th most expensive HMC boarding school in the UK in 2014/5 \nIt achieved the highest percentage of students accepted by Oxbridge colleges over the period 2002\u20132006, and was ranked as the best boys' school in the country in terms of the GCSE results in 2017.", "Q1337480": "Emilio Ricardo Lozoya Austin (Chihuahua, Chihuahua, December 9, 1974) is a Mexican economist and politician. He was the CEO of Petr\u00f3leos Mexicanos (PEMEX) from 2012 to 2016.", "Q3022894": "Denis Ranque (born 7 January 1952 in Marseille) is a French businessman who served as CEO and chairman of Thales Group from 1998 until 2009.\nHe recently became a Dutch Citizen.", "Q257617": "Tatoi (Greek: \u03a4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03b9, pronounced [ta.\u02c8to.i]) was the summer palace and 10,000 acre estate of the former Greek Royal Family, and the birthplace of George II of the Hellenes. The area is a densely wooded southeast-facing slope of Mount Parnitha, and its ancient and current official name is Dekeleia. It is located 27 km from the city centre of Athens.", "Q103598": "Luc Antoine Montagnier (US: , US: , French: [m\u0254\u0303ta\u0272e]; born 18 August 1932) is a French virologist and joint recipient with Fran\u00e7oise Barr\u00e9-Sinoussi and Harald zur Hausen of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A long-time researcher at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, he currently works as a full-time professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China.", "Q2280168": "Paisley Park Records was an American record label founded by musician Prince in 1985, which was distributed by and funded in part by Warner Bros. Records. It was started in 1985, following the success of the film and album Purple Rain. The label shares its name with Prince's recording complex Paisley Park Studios and the song \"Paisley Park\" on his 1985 Around the World in a Day album. Paisley Park was opened to the public as a museum and memorial to Prince following his death. October 28, 2016, is officially known as Paisley Park Day in the city of Chanhassen to recognize the opening of the museum.", "Q315356": "Schultze Gets the Blues is a 2003 German comedy-drama film, the first directed and written by Michael Schorr.", "Q2576499": "A nutritionist is a person who advises others on matters of food and nutrition and their impacts on health. Some people specialize in particular areas, such as sports nutrition, public health, or animal nutrition, among other disciplines. In many countries, a person can claim to be a nutritionist even without any training, education, or professional license, in contrast to a dietitian, who has a university degree, professional license, and certification for professional practice.", "Q328941": "Clarksville is the county seat of Montgomery County, Tennessee, United States. It is the fifth-largest city in the state behind Nashville, Memphis, Knoxville, and Chattanooga. The city had a population of 132,929 at the 2010 census, and an estimated population of 156,794 in 2018.It is the principal central city of the Clarksville, TN\u2013KY metropolitan statistical area, which consists of Montgomery and Stewart counties in Tennessee, and Christian and Trigg counties in Kentucky.\nThe city was founded in 1785 and incorporated in 1807, and named for General George Rogers Clark, frontier fighter and Revolutionary War hero, and brother of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.Clarksville is the home of Austin Peay State University; The Leaf-Chronicle, the oldest newspaper in Tennessee; and neighbor to the Fort Campbell, United States Army post. Site of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort Campbell is located about 10 miles (16 km) from downtown Clarksville, and spans the Tennessee-Kentucky state line. While the post office for the post is located on the Kentucky side, the majority of the post\u2019s acreage is on the Tennessee side.", "Q670077": "The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de Santa Isabel de Hungr\u00eda (Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Saint Isabel of Hungary) is located in the Casa-Palacio de los Pinelo in central Seville, Spain. It is divided into six sections: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, Music, Archaeology, Decorative Arts and Performing and Audiovisual Arts.\nIt was founded in 1660. Notable members include; Ana Mar\u00eda Vicent Zaragoza, Jos\u00e9 Hern\u00e1ndez and Pepi S\u00e1nchez.\n\n", "Q318882": "Serebro (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u043e, IPA: [s\u02b2\u026ar\u02b2\u026a\u02c8bro] (listen), lit. 'Silver'; stylized as SEREBRO) is a Russian girl group formed by their manager and producer Maxim Fadeev. Serebro was formed in 2007, consisting of Marina Lizorkina, Olga Seryabkina, and Elena Temnikova as a submitted proposal for consideration by Channel One Russia for the Eurovision Song Contest 2007. Serebro was selected to represent Russia at the 2007 Contest with the song titled \"Song #1\". They subsequently placed third at the contest, scoring a total of 207 points. Serebro was then officially signed to Fadeev's record label Monolit Records, and in 2012, the group had additional releases produced by Sony Music Entertainment and Ego Music. In 2009, Lizorkina announced her departure from the group; she was subsequently replaced by Anastasia Karpova. Karpova left the group in 2013 and was replaced by Dasha Shashina, who left in 2016. Temnikova left the group in 2014 due to health reasons, and Polina Favorskaya, who replaced Temnikova, left the group in 2017. Favorskaya was later replaced by Morgunova. In 2019, the line-up Olga Seryabkina, Katya Kischuk, and Tatiana Morgunova, the last one to include the last original member, has been replaced by Elizaveta Kornilova, Marianna Kochurova and Irina Titova.\nWith Lizorkina at the time, the band recorded their debut studio album OpiumRoz. The album received critical acclaim and spawned other singles in addition to \"Song #1\", but it never became a commercial success. The band's second album, called Mama Lover, proved to be much more successful. It included the massive hit of the same name and went double platinum in Russia. The eponymous \"Mama Lover\" hit single received media attention worldwide, with reviewers commenting on both the raunchy music video and the song itself. The music video for the song received more than 20 million views on YouTube and became the subject of more than 250 parodies. After the success of \"Mama Lover\", the group began to garner commercial attention around the world. The group re-released Mama Lover in Japan (under the name Serebration) after signing a contract with EMI Music. Their first international single under Ego Music and Universal Music Group, \"Mi Mi Mi\", became a success on European music charts.\nAfter their musical and image development, the group became known for a very sexually charged and over the top style. Some of their music videos have led to controversy in the media, including \"Mama Lover\" and \"Mi Mi Mi\".", "Q3124567": "Sir Michael Jonathan Moritz (born 12 September 1954) is a British venture capitalist and former journalist who was born in Wales. Moritz works for Sequoia Capital and is a philanthropist and author of the first history of Apple Inc., The Little Kingdom, and of Going for Broke: Lee Iacocca's Battle to Save Chrysler. Previously, Moritz was a staff writer at Time magazine and a member of the board of directors of Google. He studied at the University of Oxford and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and went on to found Technologic Partners before becoming a venture capitalist in the 1980s. Moritz was named as the No. 1 venture capitalist on the Forbes Midas List in 2006 and 2007.", "Q91982": "Peter Ernst von Lasaulx (German pronunciation: [la\u02c8so\u02d0]; March 16, 1805 \u2013 May 9, 1861) was a German philologist and politician.", "Q3267394": "Francis Lumsden Hare (17 October 1874 \u2013 28 August 1964) was an Irish-born film and theatre actor. He was also a theatre director and theatrical producer.", "Q9626": "The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories or simply the Conservatives, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom. The governing party since 2010, it holds an overall majority in the House of Commons with 365 Members of Parliament. It also has 245 members of the House of Lords, 8 members of the London Assembly, 31 members of the Scottish Parliament, 11 members of the Welsh Assembly and 7,430 local councillors.The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the Tory Party\u2014the Conservatives' colloquial name is Tories\u2014and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century, along with the Liberal Party. Under Benjamin Disraeli, it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the British Empire. In 1912, the Liberal Unionist Party merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party. In the 1920s, the Labour Party surpassed the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rivals. Conservative Prime Ministers, most notably Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher, led governments for 57 years of the 20th century.\nPositioned on the centre-right of British politics, the Conservative Party is ideologically conservative. Different factions have dominated the party at different times, including one nation conservatives, Thatcherites and liberal conservatives, while its views and policies have changed throughout its history. The party has generally adopted liberal economic policies\u2014favouring free market economics, limiting state regulation, and pursuing privatisation\u2014although in the past has also supported protectionism. The party is British unionist, opposing both Irish reunification and Welsh and Scottish independence, and historically supported the continuance and maintenance of the British Empire. The party includes those with differing views on the European Union, with Eurosceptic and pro-European wings. On social policy, it has historically taken a more socially conservative approach, though this has receded over recent decades. In foreign policy, it favours a strong military capability, being supportive of British participation in NATO.\nThe Conservatives are a member of the International Democrat Union and the European Conservatives and Reformists Party. The Scottish, Welsh, Northern Irish and Gibraltarian branches of the party are semi-autonomous. Its support base has consisted primarily of Middle class voters, especially in rural areas of England, and its domination of British politics throughout the twentieth century has led to it being referred to as one of the most successful political parties in the Western world.", "Q1284676": "Flo Mounier (born 29 june 1974 in Tours, France) is the drummer of metal band Cryptopsy.\nHe has toured Canada, Europe, Japan, Australia and the United States as a headlining act over the last 24 years, and combined record sales have reached over 300,000 copies to date.He is highly recognized within the metal scene, not only as a member of Cryptopsy, but also as a professional drummer and clinician. He is sponsored by Pearl Drums, Sabian, Vic Firth, Evans Drumheads, Shure (Canada) and Billdidit.Along with his longtime stint in Cryptopsy, Mounier has contributed to other metal projects, including collaborations with Egyptian-American songwriter Nader Sadek, as well as death metal supergroup VLTIMAS, alongside former Morbid Angel frontman and bassist David Vincent and former Mayhem guitarist Blasphemer.", "Q6515": "Mervyn Laurence Peake (9 July 1911 \u2013 17 November 1968) was an English writer, artist, poet, and illustrator. He is best known for what are usually referred to as the Gormenghast books. The three works were part of what Peake conceived as a lengthy cycle, the completion of which was prevented by his death. They are sometimes compared to the work of his older contemporary J. R. R. Tolkien, but Peake's surreal fiction was influenced by his early love for Charles Dickens and Robert Louis Stevenson rather than Tolkien's studies of mythology and philology.\nPeake also wrote poetry and literary nonsense in verse form, short stories for adults and children (Letters from a Lost Uncle, 1948), stage and radio plays, and Mr Pye (1953), a relatively tightly-structured novel in which God implicitly mocks the evangelical pretensions and cosy world-view of the eponymous hero.\nPeake first made his reputation as a painter and illustrator during the 1930s and 1940s, when he lived in London, and he was commissioned to produce portraits of well-known people. For a short time at the end of World War II he was commissioned by various newspapers to depict war scenes. A collection of his drawings is still in the possession of his family. Although he gained little popular success in his lifetime, his work was highly respected by his peers, and his friends included Dylan Thomas and Graham Greene. His works are now included in the collections of the National Portrait Gallery, the Imperial War Museum and The National Archives.\nIn 2008, The Times named Peake among their list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\".", "Q121077": "Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi \n( (listen); 4 February 1922 \u2013 24 January 2011) was a legendary Indian vocalist from Karnataka, in the Hindustani classical tradition. He is known for the khayal form of singing, as well as for his popular renditions of devotional music (bhajans and abhangs). Bhimsen Joshi belongs to Kirana gharana tradition of Hindustani Classical Music. Pt. Joshi is noted for his concerts, in fact no other singer in India has given so many concerts as Pt. Joshi. It is also worth mentioning that in 1964, King of Afghanistan, Mohammed Zahir Shah, himself invited Pt. Joshi for a concert in Kabul. Between 1964 to 1982 Joshi toured Italy, France, Canada and USA. He was the first musician from India whose concerts were advertised through posters in New York city, United States. Bhimsen Joshi was instrumental in organising the Sawai Gandharva Music Festival annually, as homage to his guru, Pandit Sawai Gandharva.In 1998, he was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, the highest honour conferred by Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama. Subsequently, he received the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, in 2009. He is also known as the 'God of Singing' or 'God of Music'.", "Q392577": "Tan Sri Dato' Sri Utama Sheikh Mohammad Nasimuddin Kamal bin Sheikh Mohamad Amin (27 January 1955 \u2013 1 May 2008) was the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of the Naza Group of Malaysia.\nThe Naza Group, formed in 1974, has 14 business divisions including motor trading, bikes, manufacturing, transport services, machine tools/parts, engineering, plantation, cigarette distribution, credit & leasing, water crafts, properties, hotel operation and insurance agency.\nHowever, Naza is more famous for its automobile business. Naza Group currently holds the Malaysian franchise for South Korea's Kia vehicles, and France's Peugeot vehicles. It also holds the import permits for Mercedes Benz and Mazda vehicles.", "Q971994": "Stewart Brand (born December 14, 1938) is an American writer, best known as editor of the Whole Earth Catalog. He founded a number of organizations, including The WELL, the Global Business Network, and the Long Now Foundation. He is the author of several books, most recently Whole Earth Discipline: An Ecopragmatist Manifesto.", "Q139638": "Zachary Levi Pugh (born September 29, 1980) is an American actor and singer. He received critical acclaim for starring as Chuck Bartowski in the series Chuck, and as the title character in Shazam!, as a part of the DC Extended Universe.\nHe voiced Flynn Rider in the 2010 animated film Tangled, where he performed \"I See the Light\" with Mandy Moore; the song won a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media. He reprised the voice role in the 2012 short film Tangled Ever After and in 2017, Rapunzel's Tangled Adventure, a Disney Channel television series based on the film. He has appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor: The Dark World and Thor: Ragnarok as Fandral. Levi starred as Georg Nowack in the 2016 Broadway revival of She Loves Me opposite Laura Benanti, for which he received a Tony Award nomination.", "Q86226": "Emil Mazuw, formerly Emil Maschuw (born 21 September 1900 - 11 December 1987) was Landeshauptmann (nominal governor) of the Province of Pomerania from 1940 to 1945. He was a member of the SS since 1933. He held the ranks of SS-Obergruppenf\u00fchrer, General of the Waffen-SS (1944), General of Police (1942) and Ostsee Higher SS and Police leader (1939\u20131945). He was engaged in euthanasia during the Second World War. He was convicted after the war of crimes associated with abuses of political prisoners and Jews. He was sentenced to 16 years imprisonment.", "Q255028": "666 \u2013 Traue keinem, mit dem du schl\u00e4fst! (English: 666: In Bed with the Devil) is a 2002 German film directed by Rainer Matsutani. It is very loosely based on a few elements from the play Faust by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.", "Q1137404": "L'Humanit\u00e9 (pronounced [lymani\u02c8te], \"Humanity\"), is a French daily newspaper. It was an organ of the French Communist Party, and maintains links to the party. Its slogan is \"In an ideal world, L'Humanit\u00e9 would not exist.\"", "Q453602": "Jeanne Roques (23 February 1889 \u2013 11 December 1957), known professionally as Musidora, was a French actress, film director, and writer. She is best known for her acting in silent films, and rose to public attention for roles in the Louis Feuillade serials Les Vampires as Irma Vep and in Judex as Marie Verdier.", "Q78852": "Count Manfred von Clary-Aldringen (30 May 1852 Palais Mollard-Clary, Vienna \u2013 12 February 1928 Castle Herrnau, Salzburg) was an Austro-Hungarian nobleman and statesman. He served as the 16th Minister-President of Cisleithania (therefore the 28th Minister-President of Austria overall).", "Q92253": "Albrecht Goes (22 March 1908 \u2013 23 February 2000) was a German writer and Protestant theologian.", "Q2773": "Braunschweig (German pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u0281a\u028an\u0283va\u026ak] (listen); Low German: Brunswiek [\u02c8br\u0254\u02d1nsvi\u02d0k]), also called Brunswick () in English, is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, north of the Harz mountains at the farthest navigable point of the Oker River which connects it to the North Sea via the Aller and Weser Rivers. In 2016, it had a population of 250,704.\nA powerful and influential centre of commerce in medieval Germany, Braunschweig was a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th until the 17th century. It was the capital city of three successive states: the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenb\u00fcttel (1269\u20131432, 1754\u20131807, and 1813\u20131814), the Duchy of Brunswick (1814\u20131918), and the Free State of Brunswick (1918\u20131946).\nToday, Braunschweig is the second-largest city in Lower Saxony and a major centre of scientific research and development.", "Q1459658": "Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych (Ukrainian: \u0412\u0456\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0424\u0435\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u043d\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447, listen ; born 9 July 1950) is a Ukrainian politician who was elected as the fourth President of Ukraine in 2010. He was removed from the office in the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. He currently lives in exile in Russia. \nYanukovych served as the governor of Donetsk Oblast, a province in eastern Ukraine, from 1997 to 2002. He was Prime Minister of Ukraine from 21 November 2002 to 31 December 2004, under President Leonid Kuchma. Yanukovych first ran for president in 2004: he advanced to the runoff election and was initially declared the winner against former Prime Minister Viktor Yushchenko. However, the election was fraught with allegations of electoral fraud and voter intimidation. This caused widespread citizen protests and Kyiv's Independence Square was occupied in what became known as the Orange Revolution. The Ukrainian Supreme Court nullified the runoff election and ordered a second runoff. Yanukovych lost this second election to Yushchenko. He served as Prime Minister for a second time from 4 August 2006 to 18 December 2007, under President Yushchenko.\nYanukovych was elected President in 2010, defeating Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko. The election was judged free and fair by international observers. November 2013 saw the beginning of a series of events that led to his ousting as President. Yanukovych rejected a pending EU association agreement, choosing instead to pursue a Russian loan bailout and closer ties with Russia. This led to protests and the occupation of Kyiv's Independence Square, a series of events dubbed the \"Euromaidan\" by proponents of aligning Ukraine toward the European Union. In January 2014, this developed into deadly clashes in Independence Square and in other areas across Ukraine, as Ukrainian citizens confronted the Berkut and other special police units. In February 2014, Ukraine appeared to be on the brink of civil war, as violent clashes between protesters and special police forces led to many deaths and injuries. On 21 February 2014, Yanukovych claimed that, after lengthy discussions, he had reached an agreement with the opposition. Later that day, however, he left the capital for Kharkiv, saying his car was shot at as he left Kyiv, and travelling next to Crimea, and eventually to exile in southern Russia.On 22 February, the Ukrainian parliament voted to remove him from his post. Parliament set 25 May as the date for the special election to select his replacement, and, two days later, issued a warrant for his arrest, accusing him of \"mass killing of civilians.\" After his departure, Yanukovych conducted several press conferences. In one of these, he declared himself to remain \"the legitimate head of the Ukrainian state elected in a free vote by Ukrainian citizens\". On 18 June 2015, Yanukovych was officially deprived of the title of President of Ukraine by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. On 24 January 2019, he was sentenced in absentia to thirteen years' imprisonment for high treason by a Ukrainian court.", "Q2823987": "Adam Parr (born 26 May 1965) is a British businessman known for his pioneering work in fields from Formula 1 to investment to NGOs. He is the former CEO and chairman of Williams Grand Prix Holdings PLC, from November 2006 until 30 March 2012 Parr began his career working for BZW and moved to Rio Tinto before studying and practising public law. He later returned to Rio Tinto as assistant to the Chief Executive and chairman before being appointed CEO of Williams F1 in 2006. Since leaving Williams in 2012, Parr has completed a PhD in eighteenth-century history and literature at University College London; and been involved in business and not-for-profit activities. He is a director of Cosworth Limited and the River Learning Trust.", "Q612194": "Federico Maria Sardelli (born 1963) is an Italian conductor, historicist, composer, musicologist, and flautist. He founded the medieval ensemble Modo Antiquo in 1984. In 1987, Modo Antiquo also became a baroque orchestra, debuting with the performance of Jean-Baptiste Lully's Ballet des Saisons in front of an audience of about five thousand. \nHe is the main conductor of the Accademia Barocca di S. Cecilia (Rome) and guest conductor of the Orchestra Filarmonica di Torino, Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Orquestra de la Comunitat Valenciana, Gewandhaus Leipzig, Staatskapelle Halle, Kammerakademie Potsdam, Moscow State Chamber Orchestra, etc.\nHe has recorded more than forty Albums as soloist and conductor, published by the labels Na\u00efve, Deutsche Grammophon, Sony, Brilliant, Tactus. A notable protagonist in the Vivaldi renaissance, he performed, recorded and edited a large number of Vivaldi compositions, often in world premiere (Arsilda, regina di Ponto, Orlando Furioso, Tito Manlio, Motezuma, L'Atenaide, etc.). He has been nominated twice for the Grammy Award (1997 and 2000) and on November 28, 2009 the Government of Tuscany awarded Sardelli with the Gonfalone d'Argento, the highest medal of honour of the Regione Toscana.\nHe is a member of the Scientific Board of the Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, at the Fondazione Giorgio Cini in Venice, for which he has published several essays and monographs, among them \"Vivaldi's Music for Flute and Recorder\", Ashgate Publishing, 2007, in the translation of Michael Talbot.In July 2007 Peter Ryom appointed him as his heir to continue his monumental work of cataloging the music of Antonio Vivaldi, and since then Federico Maria has been responsible for the Ryom-Verzeichnis (RV). In December 2014 he and Francisco Javier Lupi\u00e1\u00f1ez Ruiz independently identified the earliest known work of Vivaldi, which he has catalogued as RV 820.\n\nIn 2015 he published his first novel L'affare Vivaldi, (Sellerio), a historical investigation into the disappearance of Vivaldi's manuscripts.\nIn addition to his musical activities, Sardelli is also a painter, engraver and satirical writer. He is married to the violist and musicologist Bettina Hoffmann.", "Q323814": "Paul Speckmann (born September 28, 1963) is an American bassist and singer from Chicago, Illinois. He currently lives in Uhersk\u00e9 Hradi\u0161t\u011b, Czech Republic. His first band was War Cry, founded in 1982. In 1983 he started the band Master as a death metal band. Due to internal problems it was put on hold and Speckmann started another band, called Death Strike for which he recorded one demo. which was later released on Nuclear Blast with additional tracks as an album. After obtaining a deal for Abomination on Nuclear Blast, Master was approached at the same time and Master re-surfaced to record a full-length CD as well. The band subsequently broke up in the original form two days after the recording. They were replaced shortly afterward by Aaron Nickeas on drums, and Jim Martinelli on guitars. This period was followed by the Fleische tour with Master as headliner, Abomination as support, and Pungent Stench in the middle of both acts. Nickeas and Speckmann played in both groups for 26 dates on this tour. Speckmann recorded the self-titled debut album, which was really the Master songs re-recorded with Martinelli and Nickeas. Nuclear Blast turned this down, and decided to remix the original recording with Schmidt and Mittelbrun. The recording with Martinelli and Nickeas was then released as the Speckmann Project. Speckmann also played, and wrote all the songs for a band called, Abomination and recorded two albums with them. Currently he is playing bass guitar in the Czech death metal band Krabathor, as well as keeping Master alive. He also played in the Master-Krabathor side-project Martyr and released one album with them. The band Krabathor split up in 2004 and Master was reformed with guitarist Alex Nejezchleba and drummer Zdenek Pradlovsky. Master has been recording and touring Europe extensively for the last several years.", "Q4302": "Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes (Modern French: [k\u0281etj\u025b\u0303 d\u0259 t\u0281wa]; 1135?\u20131185?, fl. c. 1160\u20131191) was a French poet and trouv\u00e8re known for his writing on Arthurian subjects, and for possibly originating the character of Lancelot. Chr\u00e9tien's works, including Erec and Enide, Lancelot, Perceval, and Yvain, represent some of the best-regarded of medieval literature. His use of structure, particularly in Yvain, has been seen as a step towards the modern novel.", "Q551767": "Pierre Benoit (16 July 1886 \u2013 3 March 1962) was a French novelist, screenwriter and member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise. He is perhaps most known for his second novel L'Atlantide (1919) that has been filmed a variety of times.", "Q2408621": "Thais Russomano (born 25 September 1963) is a Brazilian doctor and scientific researcher specialising in space medicine, space physiology, biomedical engineering, telemedicine and telehealth. She founded the Microgravity Centre (MicroG) at PUCRS university, Porto Alegre, Brazil, in 1999, coordinating it for 18 years until 2017. The MicroG is the first educational and research centre in Space Life Sciences in Latin America. She is a senior lecturer at King's College London, lecturing in Aviation and Space related courses; coordinator of the Space Network (Rede Espa\u00e7o), University of Lisbon; guest lecturer at Aalto University, Finland in Space and Design; guest lecturer at Pfarrkirchen Institute of Technology, European Campus, contributing to the MSc in Medical Informatics; consultant for the Skolkovo Foundation; member of the Mars One Advisory Board; International Relations Director for the UK-based HuSCO, Human Spaceflight Capitalization Office; and director of two private companies linked to space life sciences and telehealth \u2013 InnovaSpace Consultancy (UK) and International Space Medicine Consortium (USA).", "Q355982": "Jean Dast\u00e9, born Jean Georges Gustave Dast\u00e9, (18 September 1904 in Paris, France \u2013 15 October 1994 in Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, Loire, France) was an actor and theatre director.\nAlthough Jean Dast\u00e9 is best known for his career on stage as both an actor and director in a variety of works including those by Shakespeare and Moli\u00e8re, he made his first appearance on screen in a 1932 Jean Renoir film (Boudu sauv\u00e9 des eaux), and 57 years later appeared in his final film at the age of 85. He played also the main character in two Jean Vigo movies, L'Atalante and Z\u00e9ro de conduite. Later, he worked also with Alain Resnais and Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut.\nHe married Danish-born actress Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Copeau (1902\u20131994), the daughter of the influential French writer, editor, and drama critic Jacques Copeau (1879\u20131949) and Agn\u00e8s Thomsen.\nIn 1947, he became the founding director of the Comedie de St.-Etienne stage company in the town of Saint-\u00c9tienne in the Loire d\u00e9partement. The success of his theater was such that there is a college and a theater in Saint-\u00c9tienne named in his honor.", "Q68499": "Friedrich von Hausen (Middle High German: Friderich von H\u00fbsen) was a medieval German poet, one of the earliest of the Minnesingers; born sometime between 1150\u201360; d. 6 May 1190. \n\nHis name is mentioned frequently in legal documents, for the first time in one from Mainz dated 1171 by Christian I, Archbishop of Mainz. He was born in middle Rhenish territory, as is shown by his dialect, especially by his rhymes, but several towns claim to be his birthplace, and the question cannot be definitely decided. In 1175 he was in Italy, and again in 1186 in the suite of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. The next year he was present when Frederick I, Barbarossa and Philip Augustus met between Mouzon and Yvois, and in 1188 he was at Worms in the company of Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut. He accompanied the Emperor Frederick, by whom he was held in high esteem, on the crusade of 1189, and met his death at the battle of Philomelium (the present-day Ak\u015fehir), when he fell with his horse while pursuing the enemy. We are told that the whole army mourned his death.\nFriedrich von Hausen is one of the earliest of the minnesingers who are known to have imitated French models, with which he became acquainted on his travels through Burgundy and Provence. Together with Heinrich von Veldeke he introduced the Romance element into the minnesong. The Proven\u00e7al influence is especially evident in the dactylic rhythm of his verses, which resulted from the adoption into German of a Romance ten-syllable line with four or five stresses. His rhymes are still occasionally imperfect and his songs contain more than one strophe. Hausen's poetry is rather artificial in form and often abstruse in spirit. He is fond of dallying with a word. Like most of the troubadours or minnesingers he sings chiefly of troubled love. He directly influenced Bernger von Horheim.", "Q180861": "George Roger Waters (born 6 September 1943) is an English songwriter, singer, bassist, and composer. In 1965, he co-founded the progressive rock band Pink Floyd. Waters initially served solely as the bassist, but following the departure of singer-songwriter Syd Barrett in 1968, he also became their lyricist, co-lead vocalist, and conceptual leader.\nPink Floyd achieved international success with the concept albums The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), Wish You Were Here (1975), Animals (1977), and The Wall (1979). By the early 1980s, they had become one of the most critically acclaimed and commercially successful groups in popular music; by 2013, they had sold more than 250 million albums worldwide. Amid creative differences, Waters left in 1985 and began a legal dispute with the remaining members over the use of the band's name and material. They settled out of court in 1987.\nWaters' solo work includes the studio albums The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking (1984), Radio K.A.O.S. (1987), Amused to Death (1992), and Is This the Life We Really Want? (2017). In 2005, he released \u00c7a Ira, an opera translated from \u00c9tienne and Nadine Roda-Gils' libretto about the French Revolution.\nIn 1990, Waters staged one of the largest rock concerts in history, The Wall \u2013 Live in Berlin, with an attendance of 450,000. As a member of Pink Floyd, he was inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. Later that year, he reunited with Pink Floyd bandmates Mason, Wright and David Gilmour for the Live 8 global awareness event, the group's first appearance with Waters since 1981. He has toured extensively as a solo act since 1999; he performed The Dark Side of the Moon in its entirety for his world tour of 2006\u20132008, and the Wall Live tour of 2010\u201313 was the highest-grossing tour by a solo artist at the time.", "Q237875": "Naomi R. Wolf (born November 12, 1962) is an American liberal progressive feminist author, journalist, and former political advisor to Al Gore and Bill Clinton.\nVia Wolf's first book The Beauty Myth (1991), she became a leading spokeswoman of what has been described as the third wave of the feminist movement. Such leading feminists as Gloria Steinem and Betty Friedan praised the work; others, including Camille Paglia and Christina Hoff Sommers, criticized it. Her later books include the bestseller The End of America in 2007 and Vagina: A New Biography. Critics have challenged the quality and veracity of the scholarship in her books, including Outrages (2019). In this case, her serious misreading of court records led to its publication in the U.S. being cancelled.Her career in journalism began in 1995 and has included topics such as abortion, the Occupy Wall Street movement, Edward Snowden and ISIS. She has written for media outlets such as The Nation, The New Republic, The Guardian and The Huffington Post.", "Q123106": "Erica Pedretti, n\u00e9e Schefter (born 25 February 1930, in \u0160ternberk, Moravia, Czechoslovakia) is a Swiss author and artist.\nBorn in northern Moravia, Pedretti went to Switzerland in 1945. She studied art and has achieved a career as a writer, painter and sculptor. For a few years she lived in the United States, but in 1952 she returned to Switzerland, where she married the Swiss painter Gian Pedretti. Pedretti has published texts since 1970, and since 1976 she has worked as an artist, especially as a sculptor.\nIn 1984 Pedretti received the Ingeborg Bachmann Prize for her text The modell and his painter and in 1996 the Marie Luise Kaschnitz Prize for her novel Engste Heimat.", "Q40473": "Andrea Lauren Bowen (born March 4, 1990) is an American actress and singer. She began her career appearing on Broadway musicals, include Les Mis\u00e9rables and The Sound of Music. In 2004, she began playing the role of Julie Mayer on the ABC comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives, a role she played on a regular basis until 2008. She later appeared on a recurring basis until the show ended in 2012. Bowen later went on to star in a number of Lifetime television movies.", "Q133315": "Limerick (; Irish: Luimneach [\u02c8l\u032a\u02e0\u026am\u02b2(\u0259)n\u02b2\u0259x]) is a city in County Limerick, Ireland. It is located in the Mid-West Region and is also part of the province of Munster. With a population of 94,192 at the 2016 census, Limerick is the third-most populous urban area in the state, and the fourth-most populous city on the island of Ireland. The city lies on the River Shannon, with the historic core of the city located on King's Island, which is bounded by the Shannon and Abbey Rivers. Limerick is also located at the head of the Shannon Estuary, where the river widens before it flows into the Atlantic Ocean. Limerick City and County Council is the local authority for the city.", "Q125577": "Tilman Spengler (born 1947) is a German sinologist, writer, and journalist. The author of more than a dozen books, including Lenin's Brain (1993), he has received several literary prizes throughout his career, including:\n\n1999 Mainzer Stadtschreiber\n2003 Ernst-Hoferichter-Preis\n2008 Literaturpreis der Stadt M\u00fcnchenHe is the second husband of actress Daphne Wagner, great-granddaughter of German composer Richard Wagner.", "Q5083324": "Charles Walmesley, OSB (best known by the pseudonyms Signor Pastorino or Pastorini; 13 January 1722 \u2013 25 November 1797) was the Roman Catholic Titular Bishop of Rama and Vicar Apostolic of the Western District of England. He was known, especially in Ireland, for predicting the downfall of Protestantism in 1821\u20135 and the triumphant emergence of the Catholic Church.", "Q173731": "Ghazni (Pashto/Persian: \u063a\u0632\u0646\u064a\u202c) historically known as Ghaznin (\u063a\u0632\u0646\u064a\u0646) or Ghazna (\u063a\u0632\u0646\u0647), is a city in central Afghanistan with a population of around 270,000 people. The city is strategically located along Highway 1, which has served as the main road between Kabul and southern Afghanistan for thousands of years. Situated on a plateau at 2,219 metres (7,280 ft) above sea level, the city is 150 km south of Kabul and is the capital of Ghazni Province.\nGhazni (the name meaning jewel) is an ancient city with a rich history. Ghazni Citadel, the Minarets of Ghazni, the Palace of Sultan Mas'ud III and several other cultural heritage sites have brought travellers and archeologists to the city for centuries, and in 2013, ISESCO declared Ghazni the year's Islamic Capital of Culture. During the pre-Islamic period, the area was inhabited by various tribes who practiced different religions including Buddhism and Hinduism. Arab Muslims introduced Islam to Ghazni in the 7th century and were followed in the 9th century by the Saffarids. Sabuktigin made Ghazni the capital of the Ghaznavid Empire in the 10th century. The city was destroyed by one of the Ghurid rulers, but later rebuilt. It fell to a number of regional powers, including the Timurids and the Delhi Sultanate, until it became part of the Hotaki dynasty, which was followed by the Durrani Empire or modern Afghanistan.\nDuring the First Anglo-Afghan War in the 19th century, Ghazni was partially destroyed by British-Indian forces.\nThe city is currently being rebuilt by the Government of Afghanistan in remembrance of the Ghaznavid and Timurid era when it served as a major center of Islamic civilisation. The Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) have established bases and check-points to deal with the Taliban insurgency but in August 2018 the city became of the site of the Battle of Ghazni with the Taliban briefly occupying it and taking control of most of the surrounding area.\nGhazni is a trading and transit hub in central Afghanistan. Agriculture is the dominant land use at 28%. In terms of built-up land area, vacant plots (33%) slightly outweigh residential area (31%). Districts 3 and 4 also have large institutional areas. The city of Ghazni's population surged from 143,379 in 2015 to 270,000 in 2018 as refugees from violent areas fled to the city. The city has four police districts (nahia) and covers a total land area of 3,330 hectares. The total number of dwellings in Ghazni city is 15,931.In 2013, ISESCO declared Ghazni the year's Islamic Capital of Culture.\n\n", "Q526289": "Antonio de Jesus Cortez Espina (born August 31, 1968 in La Havana, Cuba) is an actor in theater, film and television producer and host of controversial television shows. He resides in Miami, Florida.\n\n", "Q864433": "Haloo Helsinki! (English: Hello, Helsinki!) is a pop band from Finland, founded in 2006. They have released five studio albums, all of which have reached the top ten on the Finnish Albums Chart. From 2007 to 2012, the band were signed to EMI Finland and as their principal collaborators switched to a Sony sub-label, Ratas Music Group, the band followed suit. In 2013, Haloo Helsinki! became the first Finnish artist whose four consecutive singles (\"Jos mun pokka pett\u00e4\u00e4\", \"Huuda!\", \"Vapaus k\u00e4teen j\u00e4\u00e4\", \"Maailma on tehty meit\u00e4 varten\") have peaked at number one on the Chart of commercial Finnish radio stations.", "Q176891": "Carapicu\u00edba (Portuguese pronunciation: [k\u0250\u027e\u0250piku\u02c8ib\u0250]) is a municipality in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of S\u00e3o Paulo. The population is 392,294 (2015 est.) in an area of 34.55 square kilometres (13.34 sq mi). It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo.", "Q242232": "Sunrise Adams (born September 14, 1982) is an American author and pornographic actress.", "Q167744": "Gryfice ([\u0261r\u0268\u02c8f\u02b2it\u0361s\u025b] (listen); Kashubian: Gr\u00ebfice, German: Greifenberg) is a town in Pomerania, north-western Poland with 16,632 inhabitants (2008). It is the capital of Gryfice County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Szczecin Voivodeship (1975\u20131998).", "Q715837": "Hu\u00e1ng B\u012bnh\u00f3ng (Chinese: \u9ec3\u8cd3\u8679; 1865\u20131955) was a Chinese literati painter and art historian born in Jinhua, Zhejiang province. His ancestral home was She County, Anhui province. He was the grandson of artist Huang Fengliu. He would later be associated with Shanghai and finally Hangzhou. He is considered one of the last innovators in the literati style of painting and is noted for his freehand landscapes.\nHis early painting style showed the influence of Li Liufang (\u674e\u6d41\u82b3), Cheng Sui, Cheng Zhengkui, Kun Can, Hong Ren and the Yuan and Ming masters. It emphasized on the importance of the unification of positive and negative space; dark and light shades. Each brush line is powerful and precise. The compact touches, the graceful outlines and the elegant styles of Xin\u2019an School of painting (\u65b0\u5b89\u753b\u6d3e) had a profound influence on Huang throughout his life. His style before the age of sixty is called the White-period.After sixty years old, Huang went to Guichi. The scenery of Guichi not only attracted the artist, but also had a great impact on his style. Huang changed from focusing on brush and line to focusing on ink and wash. He started to practice the painting style of Wu Zhen. In 1928, Huang visited Guangxi and Guangdong and created a lot of works by sketching the real landscapes. Huang started to transit from his \u201cWhite style\u201d to \u201cBlack style\u201d.At the age of sixty nine to seventy, Huang visited Sichuan. He was inspired by the atmosphere of Mount Qingcheng in rain and the Qutang Gorge under moonlight. He utilized dripping, staining and layers of dense ink to illustrate the misty wet feeling of rain and the nightly view of mountains. Since then, his \"black, dense, thick, heavy\" style became his significant feature.From 1937 to 1948, Huang lived in Beijing for eleven years and most of his Black period paintings were done during that time. After that, he moved to Hangzhou and started another new horizon in his art. Inspired by Western Impressionism, he integrated the two major Chinese painting systems (Ink and wash painting and color painting) into a unity. Dots of red, green and blue pigment merged with layers of dense ink creating a luxuriant and richly integrated style in which he deftly manipulated solid and void. \nHis varied style and creativity not only won him an honorary title, but also brought light into the modern Chinese art history.He also had significance for creating several societies devoted to painting and calligraphy.", "Q3391370": "\u015ear\u0131k Tara (22 April 1930 \u2013 28 June 2018) was a Turkish billionaire who founded Enka \u0130n\u015faat ve Sanayi A.\u015e., Turkey's largest construction company, with Sadi G\u00fcl\u00e7elik, in 1957. As well as being an international engineer, contractor, industrialist, he was known for his philanthropy.", "Q170238": "A sitcom, clipping for situational comedy (situation comedy in the U.S.), is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode. Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy, where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch, and stand-up comedy, where a comedian tells jokes and stories to an audience. Sitcoms originated in radio, but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms.\nA situational comedy television programme may be recorded in front of a studio audience, depending on the programme's production format. The effect of a live studio audience can be imitated or enhanced by the use of a laugh track. During filming productions, the laugh track is usually pre-recorded.Critics disagree over the utility of the term \"sitcom\" in classifying shows that have come into existence since the turn of the century. Many contemporary American sitcoms use the single-camera setup and do not feature a laugh track, thus often resembling the dramedy shows of the 1980s and 1990s rather than the traditional sitcom. Other topics of debate have included whether or not cartoons, such as The Simpsons or Family Guy, can be classified as sitcoms.", "Q55718": "Krystyna Zofia Feldman (1 March 1916 \u2013 24 January 2007) was a Polish actress.", "Q382002": "Janne Viljami \"Warman\" Wirman (born 26 April 1979) is a Finnish musician; he is the former keyboardist for the Finnish metal band Children of Bodom from 1997\u20132019. and currently collaborating with Warmen.", "Q3313401": "Michael \"Mike\" Lanigan is an entrepreneur and IndyCar Series team owner.\nLanigan founded a division of his father's company, Mi-Jack Construction Equipment in Indianapolis in 1973. In 1989 he returned to his hometown of Chicago to become president of the company. The company produces rubber-tire gantry cranes. In 1992 Mi-Jack began sponsoring cars competing in CART and the Indianapolis 500. Lanigan now heads the Lanco group, a wide-reaching conglomerate involved in cranes, heavy equipment, industrial equipment, entertainment, motorsport interests and is part of a joint venture that operates the Panama Canal Railway.\nLanigan expanded his sponsorship into team ownership in 2001, joining forces with \u00c9ric Bachelart to co-own Conquest Racing which competed in the IndyCar Series in 2001 and 2002, then the Champ Car World Series from 2003 to 2006. Lanigan sold his interest in Conquest following the 2007 season to join the ownership group at Newman / Haas Racing, which became Newman / Haas / Lanigan Racing, a much more successful Champ Car team. N/H/L joined the IndyCar Series following the unification between Champ Car and IndyCar prior to the 2008 season. He was also a partial owner of Carl A. Haas Motorsports in NASCAR in 2007. During the 2010 season, he left the ownership group of Newman/Haas. In December 2010, he joined the ownership team of Rahal Letterman Racing which was renamed Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing. The team has IndyCar operations and races full-time in the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship.Lanigan also took over the promoter position of Champ Car's Grand Prix of Houston in 2006 and Grand Prix of Cleveland in 2007, neither of which survived the merger to appear on the IndyCar Series schedule. Houston returned to the schedule for the 2013 season but the revived race only lasted two years, removed again for the 2015 season.", "Q80131": "Poker is any of a number of card games in which players wager over which hand is best according to that specific game's rules in ways similar to these rankings. Often using a standard deck, poker games vary in deck configuration, the number of cards in play, the number dealt face up or face down, and the number shared by all players, but all have rules which involve one or more rounds of betting.\nIn most modern poker games the first round of betting begins with one or more of the players making some form of a forced bet (the blind or ante). In standard poker, each player bets according to the rank they believe their hand is worth as compared to the other players. The action then proceeds clockwise as each player in turn must either match (or \"call\") the maximum previous bet, or fold, losing the amount bet so far and all further involvement in the hand. A player who matches a bet may also \"raise\" (increase) the bet. The betting round ends when all players have either called the last bet or folded. If all but one player folds on any round, the remaining player collects the pot without being required to reveal their hand. If more than one player remains in contention after the final betting round, a showdown takes place where the hands are revealed, and the player with the winning hand takes the pot.\nWith the exception of initial forced bets, money is only placed into the pot voluntarily by a player who either believes the bet has positive expected value or who is trying to bluff other players for various strategic reasons. Thus, while the outcome of any particular hand significantly involves chance, the long-run expectations of the players are determined by their actions chosen on the basis of probability, psychology, and game theory.\nPoker has increased in popularity since the beginning of the 20th century and has gone from being primarily a recreational activity confined to small groups of enthusiasts to a widely popular activity, both for participants and spectators, including online, with many professional players and multimillion-dollar tournament prizes.\n\n", "Q90322": "Fritz Hakl (January 1, 1932 \u2013 February 28, 2012) was an Austrian actor with the honorary title Kammerschauspieler.", "Q319222": "Lucky Lady is a 1975 American comedy-drama film directed by Stanley Donen and starring Gene Hackman, Liza Minnelli, and Burt Reynolds, with Robby Benson. Its story takes place in 1930 during Prohibition in the United States.\nOn February 1, 2011 Shout! Factory released the film on DVD for the first time.The film is notable for serving as a storefront for George Lucas and Gary Kurtz who were looking for crew to assist with the look of Star Wars. Both visited the set during production and were impressed with what they saw. Several of the mainly British crew were effectively recruited during this visit.\n\n", "Q1413989": "Filippo Sassetti (1540\u20131588) was a traveller and merchant from a long-established Florentine mercantile family, who was born in Florence in 1540. Though his father had sold family interests and he had to commence as a clerk in a merchant business, Sassetti enrolled in 1568 at the University of Pisa and was imbued with a humanist education; he was proficient in botany, geography, astronomy and cosmography and was curious about philology and the classical languages.\nSettling in Lisbon in 1578-82, he travelled to the Indian subcontinent, reaching Cochin in November 1583, and remained in Cochin and Goa and the Malabar coast that joins the two, until his death. He is known to posterity from the thirty-two detailed letters he sent home to members of the Florentine patriciate and the Grand Duke of Tuscany; they were not published until centuries after his death. Sassetti, an attentive observer of people and customs, was among the first European observers to study the ancient Indian language, Sanskrit. Writing privately to fellow Florentine Bernardo Davanzati in 1585, he noted some word similarities between Sanskrit and Italian (e.g. deva/dio 'God', sarpa/serpe 'snake', sapta/sette 'seven', ashta/otto 'eight', nava/nove 'nine'). This unpublished observation is today credited to have foreshadowed the later discovery of the Indo-European language family. Sassetti died in Goa, India in 1588.", "Q3364689": "Sir David Geoffrey Manning, (born 5 December 1949) is a former British diplomat, who was the British Ambassador to the United States from 2003 to 2007. He authored the so-called \"Manning Memo\" summarising the details of a January 2003 meeting between American president George W. Bush and British prime minister Tony Blair during the run-up to the invasion of Iraq. Until 2019 he was appointed to the Household of TRH the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and the Duke and Duchess of Sussex.", "Q265855": "Meir Shalev (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u200e; born 29 July 1948) is an Israeli writer and newspaper columnist for the daily Yedioth Ahronoth . Shalev's books have been translated into 26 languages.", "Q121705": "Edgar Gretener (March 2, 1902 in Lucerne \u2013 October 21, 1958 in Zurich) was a Swiss electrical engineer.\nGretener was the twelfth of 14 siblings. He studied electrical engineering at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), where he received his Ph.D. in 1929. He then became head of development at the Albiswerk factory in Zurich. In 1930, he worked as head of the telegraph laboratory of Siemens & Halske in Berlin. There he got in contact with Fritz Fischer (physicist), another Swiss engineer, working as a manager at the central research labs of Siemens. When Fritz Fischer got the call to become professor at the ETH Zurich in 1932, he made Gretener his chief assistant a few years later. Fischer invented the Eidophor video projection system. Gretener was in charge of its implementation.\n\nWhen World War II started, the Swiss authorities asked Gretener to develop an encryption device for teleprinters. For this purpose the Dr. Edgar Gretener AG was set up as a company in 1943. Gretener got absorbed by this new challenge. As his replacement, Hugo Thiemann continued the development of the Eidophor system at the ETH. When Fischer died unexpectedly in 1947, Thiemann and the Eidophor project were transferred to Gretener's company. It now had two lines of R&D: encryption devices and Eidophor, which still needed development to make it a viable product. Finally, the marketing effort led to first contracts for this new wide-screen video projection system.\nThe untimely death of Gretener in 1958 led to the renaming of his company, which continued under new ownership as GRETAG AG.", "Q1953930": "Crammed Discs is an independent record label whose output blends world music, rock, pop, and electronica. Based in Brussels, Belgium, Crammed was founded in 1980 by Marc Hollander of Aksak Maboul and has since released over 350 albums and 250 singles, working with artists from all over the world (from Western Europe and the US to the Balkans and North & Central Africa, from South America to the Middle East and Japan).\nCrammed Discs is run by Marc Hollander (A&R) with Hanna Gorjaczkowska (marketing, distribution & art direction) and Vincent Kenis (producer, director of the Congotronics Series).\nMarc Hollander and Crammed Discs received the WOMEX award in 2004 at the World Music Expo international music trade fair, for being \"one of the seminal players on the world music field\". However, the label has always systematically worked with electronic music, indie pop and rock artists, and \"doesn't see itself as a world music label: it just happens to enjoy working with artists from around the world, some of whom sing in languages other than English\" (as stated in the label's manifesto). Crammed has been described as \"one of the most boldly eclectic independent labels around\" (Pitchfork), as \"innovative and groundbreaking\" and \"visionary\", a.o. for steadily avoiding to confine its roster \"to one, potentially homogeneous category\" and encouraging artists with plural identities to create new forms of music.In 2011, Crammed Discs celebrated its 30th anniversary by setting up the Congotronics vs Rockers project, a \"superband\" including ten Congolese and ten indie rock musicians (including members of Konono No1, Deerhoof, Wildbirds & Peacedrums, Kasai Allstars, Skeletons, Juana Molina and Vincent Kenis), who collaborated to create a common repertoire and performed at 15 major festivals and venues in ten countries.From 2008 to 2014, the following artists have joined the Crammed Discs roster: Chicago band All\u00e1, indie pop act Lonely Drifter Karen (from Vienna and Barcelona), London-based Moroccan electronic artist U-cef, Congolese band Staff Benda Bilili, musician/composer/producer Mocky, Belgian band Hoquets, Belgo-Congolese rapper Baloji, Belgian-Colombian band La Chiva Gantiva, French-American artist Ma\u00efa Vidal, US bands Skeletons & Megafaun and, more recently, South African/Dutch band SKIP&DIE, Belgian band Amatorski, Lebanese singer Yasmine Hamdan, Argentinian artist Juana Molina and Ghanaian/Swiss band OY.\nThe label's latest signings (2016-2019) are Parisian electronic music collective Acid Arab, Portuguese singer & musician Lula Pena, young French-Welsh band Fauna Twin, French experimental pop band Aquaserge, Matias Aguayo & The Desdemonas, the new rock band founded by the German-Chilean electronic music producer, Berlin-based Spanish experimental musician Don The Tiger, French-Chilean band Nova Materia, Lagos/London project Ekiti Sound, Californian musician Scott Gilmore, renowned producer Pascal Gabriel and his new Stubbleman project, and Palestinian techno duet Zenobia.", "Q1175145": "David Leb\u00f3n (Buenos Aires, October 5, 1952) is an Argentine rock multi-instrumentalist, singer and songwriter, though his primary instrument is the electric guitar.\n\n", "Q457316": "Gualberto Jos\u00e9 Antonio Rodr\u00edguez Larreta Ferreira (14 December 1922 \u2013 19 August 2015), better known as Antonio Larreta or Taco Larreta, was a Uruguayan writer, critic and actor. Born in Montevideo, he was active in Uruguay and Spain.", "Q3878466": "Norman J. Grossfeld (born December 15, 1963 in New York) is an American director, television producer, record producer, screenwriter and media executive. From February 1994 to December 2009, he was the president of 4Kids Productions, a former subsidiary of 4Kids Entertainment and Leisure Concepts. He produced the English adaptations of the first eight seasons of the Pok\u00e9mon TV series and six seasons of Yu-Gi-Oh!. He produced five seasons of the new Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, five Pok\u00e9mon movies, one Yu-Gi-Oh! movie and he also produced the 3 Seasons of Winx Club on 4KidsTV. In addition to producing and executive producing, Grossfeld co-wrote most of the Pok\u00e9mon films, which grossed over $600 million worldwide. Grossfeld is credited with writing the Pok\u00e9mon franchise's tagline, \"Gotta catch 'em all!\"An accomplished lyricist and musician, Grossfeld contributed to several tracks on the Pok\u00e9mon 2.B.A. Master soundtrack album, the first released for the English localization of the Pok\u00e9mon anime. The album was a commercial success, rising to the top of the US Billboard Kids Albums Chart and garnering RIAA Gold certification with over 500,000 units sold. He also wrote both the main and ending theme songs for Sonic X and Kirby: Right Back at Ya!, and the English ending theme song to Pok\u00e9mon: Jirachi Wish Maker.\nGrossfeld also developed and co-wrote the successful stage adaptation of the Pok\u00e9mon series, which premiered at Radio City Music Hall and toured the United States and Canada in late 2000 to early 2001.Before his role as president of 4Kids, Grossfeld was a producer and director at Television Programming Enterprises from 1988 to 1991, worked at NBC Sports from 1991 to 1992 as a coordinating director, and spent 1992 through 1994 as president of the television production company Gold Coast Television Entertainment.Grossfeld broke new ground in reality television with NBC's Emmy Award-winning InSport, a show hosted by Ahmad Rash\u0101d that set the stage for sports magazine series now on the air. Grossfeld has also produced, written and/or directed a variety of programs, including Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous, hosted by Robin Leach.A member of the Directors Guild of America, Grossfeld directed coverage of several Olympic Games for NBC, including the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. In 1996, Grossfeld won the International Olympic Committee's highest honor, the Golden Rings, for his direction of the live sports coverage of the 1996 Olympic Games.", "Q289631": "Norman Selfe (9 December 1839 \u2013 15 October 1911) was an Australian engineer, naval architect, inventor, urban planner and outspoken advocate of technical education. After emigrating to Sydney with his family from England as a boy he became an apprentice engineer, following his father's trade. Selfe designed many bridges, docks, boats, and much precision machinery for the city. He also introduced new refrigeration, hydraulic, electrical and transport systems. For these achievements he received international acclaim during his lifetime. Decades before the Sydney Harbour Bridge was built, the city came close to building a Selfe-designed steel cantilever bridge across the harbour after he won the second public competition for a bridge design.\nSelfe was honoured during his life by the name of the Sydney suburb of Normanhurst, where his grand house Gilligaloola is a local landmark. He was energetically involved in organisations such as the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts and the Australian Historical Society. As president of the Board of Technical Education, he fought consistently for the establishment of an independent system of technical education to serve the needs of a rapidly industrialising society. He was acknowledged upon his death as one of the best-known people in, and greatest individual influences upon, the city of Sydney.\n\n", "Q100913": "Lin Jaldati (13 December 1912 \u2013 31 August 1988) was a Dutch-born, East German-based Yiddish singer. She was a Holocaust survivor, and one of the last people to see Anne Frank. After the war she published an article, \"Memories of Anne Frank,\" in Joachim Hellwig and Gunther Deicke's book, A Diary for Anne Frank. A self-professed socialist, she performed in Yiddish in Russia, China, North Korea and Vietnam from the 1950s to the 1970s.", "Q128047": "The Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, known simply as the School of Foreign Service or SFS, is a school of international relations at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. It is considered to be one of the world's leading international affairs schools, granting degrees at both undergraduate and graduate levels. Notable alumni include U.S. president Bill Clinton, former CIA director George Tenet, and King Felipe VI of Spain, as well as the heads of state or government of many countries. Its faculty has also included many distinguished figures in international affairs, such as former U.S. secretary of state Madeleine Albright, former U.S. secretary of defense Chuck Hagel, and former president of Poland Aleksander Kwa\u015bniewski.Founded in 1919, the School of Foreign Service predates the U.S. Foreign Service by six years and is known for the large number of graduates who end up working in U.S. foreign policy. Despite its reputation for producing prominent American statesmen and diplomats, the SFS is not a diplomatic academy, and its graduates go on to have careers in a diverse set of sectors, including Wall Street.\nThe School of Foreign Service was established by Fr. Edmund A. Walsh, S.J. with the goal of preparing Americans for various international professions in the wake of expanding U.S. involvement in world affairs after the First World War. Today, the school hosts a student body of approximately 2,250 from over 100 nations each year. It offers an undergraduate program based in the liberal arts, which leads to the Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service (BSFS) degree, as well as eight interdisciplinary graduate programs.\n\n", "Q394674": "Agnes and His Brothers (German: Agnes und seine Br\u00fcder) is a 2004 film directed by Oskar Roehler.", "Q88579": "Mario Giordano (born 30 May 1963) is a German writer. His novel Black Box (1999), which is based on a true occurrence (Stanford prison experiment) was adapted to a film under the name Das Experiment directed by Oliver Hirschbiegel.\n The film was acclaimed and Giordano received for it among other prizes the Bavarian Film Award for Best Screenplay.\n\n", "Q44601": "Francesco Guicciardini (Italian: [fran\u02c8t\u0283esko \u0261witt\u0283ar\u02c8di\u02d0ni]; 6 March 1483 \u2013 22 May 1540) was an Italian historian and statesman. A friend and critic of Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli, he is considered one of the major political writers of the Italian Renaissance. In his masterpiece, The History of Italy, Guicciardini paved the way for a new style in historiography with his use of government sources to support arguments and the realistic analysis of the people and events of his time.\n\n", "Q2541547": "Metsakalmistu (Estonian: Forest Cemetery) is a cemetery in the Pirita district of Tallinn.\nMetsakalmistu was originally planned to be an open city medieval cemetery. Eduard Vilde was the first to be buried in 1933. The original area of the cemetery was 24.2 hectares, but since then, it has expanded to be 48.3 hectares.\nMetsakalmistu was officially unveiled in 1939. In the same year, 15 people were buried in the cemetery. In 1939, the nearby Kloostrimetsa Farm cemetery was created, which eventually, through expansion, became part of an expanded Metsakalmistu.\nAt first, the designers of the cemetery were unanimous about the general design requirements of the cemetery, but the area still dominated by the appearance of a wild forest. Initially, the placement of crosses, girders, ranks, and the largest size of the calcareous stone were 80 x 50 cm. Subsequently, the use of natural barriers, such as grass slabs, has been applied and applied to a moss bed cover and the use of flower borders. The monumental gravestones are not recommended for the cemetery, but they still exist to a small extent. At present, the permissible maximum height for a pillar is 1.5 m.\nThe main chapel of Metsakalmistu was built in 1936, with its main architect being Herbert Johanson. The chapel was vandalized by the Soviet Union after the establishment of the Estonian SSR, but in 1996 it was restored with the support of the Tallinn City Government. In 2006, a columbarium was built.\nTombstones in Metsakalmistu are reserved for notable Estonian people involved in theatre, sports, composing, writing, the arts, journalism, medicine, architecture, soldiers in Finnish Infantry Regiment 200, veterans of the Estonian War of Independence, scientists and other people well known in public life.", "Q370280": "Raymond William Hatton (July 7, 1887 \u2013 October 21, 1971) was an American film actor who appeared in almost five hundred motion pictures.", "Q3480998": "Huang Nubo (Chinese: \u9ec4\u6012\u6ce2; born 1956) is a Chinese real estate developer, entrepreneur, poet, and mountaineer who founded and remains Chairman of Beijing Zhongkun Investment Group. According to Hurun Report, his net worth is US$2.3 billion as of 2014, ranking 90th among the 400 richest Chinese.Born in Lanzhou, Gansu province, Huang grew up in Yinchuan, Ningxia. From 1977 to 1981, he studied at Peking University's Chinese Language department, receiving a bachelor's degree. From 1981 to 1990, Huang took up work in the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China. From 1996 to 1998, he studied for his Executive Master of Business Administration, which he received from the China Europe International Business School (CEIBS).\nHuang began writing poetry in 1976, and has released several collections, including \"Do not love me again\" (Chinese: \u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u7231\u6211), \"Refusing melancholy\" (Chinese: \u62d2\u7edd\u5fe7\u90c1) in 1995, and his most recent \"Rabbits and other small creatures\" (Chinese: \u5c0f\u5154\u5b50\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6). He also released in 2005 the short story \"The blue sun\" (Chinese: \u84dd\u592a\u9633).\nAs a mountaineer, Huang has ascended several of the world's highest peaks, including Mount Kilimanjaro in 2005 and Mount Everest in 2008. Huang is also a polar expedition enthusiast.In August 2011, Huang caused a stir in Iceland when he proposed to buy 300 kilometres (190 mi) of the island, encompassing 0.3% of the country, to develop a $200 million property with a \"120-room hotel, airport, golf course and horse-riding facilities.\" The proposal was met with skepticism in Iceland.Currently, he is the chairman of Beijing Zhongkun Investment Group, director of the Chinese Poetry Association (Chinese: \u4e2d\u56fd\u8bd7\u6b4c\u5b66\u4f1a), and vice-president of the Chinese Mountaineers Society (Chinese: \u4e2d\u56fd\u767b\u5c71\u534f\u4f1a).\nHuang has given over 1 billion renminbi to charity.", "Q229487": "Allison Brooks Janney (born November 19, 1959) is an American actress. A prolific character actress, Janney is the recipient of numerous accolades, including an Academy Award and seven Primetime Emmy Awards.\nBorn in Boston, Massachusetts, and raised in Dayton, Ohio Janney won a scholarship to study at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in the summer of 1984, following her graduation from Kenyon College. After years of minor and uncredited film and television appearances, Janney's breakthrough came with the role of C. J. Cregg in the NBC political drama The West Wing (1999\u20132006), for which she received four Primetime Emmy Awards. The character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of the greatest female characters on American television. In 2014, she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her role as Margaret Scully on the Showtime period drama Masters of Sex. Since 2013, she has starred as a cynical recovering addict in the CBS sitcom Mom. Her performance on the show has gained her five consecutive Primetime Emmy Award nominations and won her two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.\nJanney made her professional stage debut with the Off-Broadway production Ladies and followed with numerous bit parts in various similar productions, before making her Broadway debut in the 1996 revival of Present Laughter. She won Drama Desk Awards and received Tony Award nominations for her performances in the 1997 Broadway revival of A View from the Bridge, and the 2009 original Broadway production of the musical 9 to 5.\nHer film roles include Private Parts (1997), Primary Colors (1998), 10 Things I Hate About You (1999), Drop Dead Gorgeous (1999), American Beauty (1999), Nurse Betty (2000), The Hours (2002), Finding Nemo (2003), Over the Hedge (2006), Hairspray (2007), Juno (2007), The Help (2011), The Way, Way Back (2013), Tammy (2014), Minions (2015), Spy (2015), Tallulah (2016), and The Girl on the Train (2016), Bad Education (2019), The Addams Family (2019), and Bombshell (2019). In 2017, for her portrayal of LaVona Golden in the black comedy film I, Tonya, Janney won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.", "Q206464": "Orinda is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. The population was 17,643 at the 2010 census, and was estimated in 2018 to have increased to 19,806. In 2012, Orinda was ranked the second most friendly town in America by Forbes. The city is located just east of the city of Berkeley and is home to many affluent suburban professionals who commute to larger cities in the Bay Area such as Oakland, San Francisco, and Walnut Creek. Its location provides for a more rustic landscape, and Orinda's many parks and trails make it a destination for many Bay Area hikers and naturalists.", "Q491225": "Anders Olsen (1718 on the island of Senja, Norway - 1786 at Igaliko, Greenland) was a Norwegian trader, explorer and colonial administrator, who founded several important towns in Greenland including Qaqortoq (Julianeh\u00e5b) and Maniitsoq (Sukkertoppen) as well as the village of Igaliku.", "Q551015": "Washington Benavides (March 3, 1930 in Tacuaremb\u00f3 \u2013 September 24, 2017 in Montevideo) was a Uruguayan poet and musician.", "Q531939": "Margaret Caroline Anderson (November 24, 1886 \u2013 October 19, 1973) was the American founder, editor and publisher of the art and literary magazine The Little Review, which published a collection of modern American, English and Irish writers between 1914 and 1929. The periodical is most noted for introducing many prominent American and British writers of the 20th century, such as Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot in the United States, and publishing the first thirteen chapters of James Joyce's then-unpublished novel, Ulysses.A large collection of her papers on Gurdjieff's teaching is now preserved at Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.", "Q39": "Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a country situated in the confluence of Western, Central, and Southern Europe. It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities seated in Bern. Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps, and the Jura, spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi), and land area of 39,997 km2 (15,443 sq mi). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are located, among them the two global cities and economic centres of Z\u00fcrich and Geneva.\nThe establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period, resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day. Since the Reformation of the 16th century, Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002. Nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross, one of the world's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations, and is home to numerous international organisations, including the second largest UN office. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association, but notably not part of the European Union, the European Economic Area or the Eurozone. However, it participates in the Schengen Area and the European Single Market through bilateral treaties.\nSwitzerland occupies the crossroads of Germanic and Romance Europe, as reflected in its four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although the majority of the population are German-speaking, Swiss national identity is rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy, and Alpine symbolism. Due to its linguistic diversity, Switzerland is known by a variety of native names: Schweiz [\u02c8\u0283va\u026ats] (German); Suisse [s\u0265is(\u0259)] (French); Svizzera [\u02c8zvittsera] (Italian); and Svizra [\u02c8\u0292vi\u02d0tsr\u0250, \u02c8\u0292vi\u02d0ts\u0281\u0250] (Romansh). On coins and stamps, the Latin name, Confoederatio Helvetica \u2013 frequently shortened to \"Helvetia\" \u2013 is used instead of the four national languages.\nThe sovereign state is one of the most developed countries in the world, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest per capita gross domestic product. It ranks at or near the top in several international metrics, including economic competitiveness and human development. Z\u00fcrich, Geneva and Basel have been ranked among the top ten cities in the world in terms of quality of life, with Z\u00fcrich ranked second globally. In 2019, IMD placed Switzerland first in the world in attracting skilled workers. World Economic Forum ranks it the 5th most competitive country globally.", "Q1483430": "The inner Principality of Kiev (Old East Slavic: \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, Ukrainian: \u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u0456\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e) was a medieval East Slavic state, situated in central regions of modern Ukraine around the city of Kiev. It was formed during the process of political fragmentation of the Kievan Rus' in the early 12th century. As a result of that process, effective rule of Grand Princes of Kiev was gradually reduced to central regions of Kievan Rus' (around its capital city Kiev), thus forming a reduced princely domain, known as the inner Principality of Kiev. It existed as a polity until the middle of the 14th century.", "Q964355": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Pem\u00e1n y Pemart\u00edn (8 May 1897 in Cadiz \u2013 19 July 1981, Ibid.) was a Spanish journalist, poet, playwright, novelist, essayist, and monarchist intellectual.\nOriginally a student of law, he entered the literary world with a series of poetic works inspired by his native Andalucia (De la vida sencilla, A la rueda, rueda, El barrio de Santa Cruz, and Las flores del bien). In the 1930s he became a journalist. In 1935 he joined the Real Academia de la Lengua, of which he was the director from 1939 to 1940 and 1944 to 1947.\nPem\u00e1n often blurred literary genres, and developed a unique style that may be as equidistant between classicism and modernism.\nAs a dramatist, he wrote historical-religious verse (El divino impaciente and Cuando las Cortes de C\u00e1diz y Cisneros), plays based on Andalusian themes (Noche de levante en calma), and comical costume dramas (Julieta y Romeo and El viento sobre la tierra).\nPem\u00e1n adapted many classical works (including Antigone, Hamlet, and Oedipus). He displayed his narrative skill in a series of novels and short stories (including Historia del fantasma y do\u00f1a Juanita, Cuentos sin importancia, and La novela de San Mart\u00edn). He was also a noted essayist.\nIn 1955 he received the Mariano de Cavia prize for journalism. In 1957, he won the March de Literatura prize. He was the personal advisor to the Count of Barcelona from 1969 until the title's dissolution. In 1981, a few months before his death he was named Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.\nPem\u00e1n was one of the few prominent intellectuals to support Francisco Franco and the Falangist movement. This ensured his professional success during and after the Civil War, but damaged his international reputation.\nPem\u00e1n wrote a set of unofficial, although \"officiose\" popular lyrics for the Marcha Real, which Franco reestablished as Spain's national anthem in 1939 in its original and ever official way, musical only, despite some popular unsustained assumptions about Marquina's lyrics officialty . His never published on the BOE (Official State Bulletin) lyrics remained in use by some nostalgics during the Transition period.", "Q1290171": "Allan Stuart Chase (born 1956 in Phoenix, Arizona) is an American jazz saxophonist.", "Q1732055": "Mike Ladd is an American hip hop musician from Boston, Massachusetts. He is based in Paris, France. The Guardian described him as \"the king of the hip-hop concept.\"", "Q453170": "Tatyana Borisovna Yumasheva (Russian: \u0422\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u042e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430; born January 17, 1960; former also Dyachenko, n\u00e9e Yeltsina) is the younger daughter of former Russian President Boris Yeltsin and Naina Yeltsina.\n\n", "Q1158969": "Dan Able Kimball (March 1, 1896 \u2013 July 30, 1970) was the 50th U.S. Secretary of the Navy.\n\n", "Q2001": "Stanley Kubrick (; July 26, 1928 \u2013 March 7, 1999) was an American film director, screenwriter, producer and photographer. He is frequently cited as one of the most influential filmmakers in cinematic history. His films, which are mostly adaptations of novels or short stories, cover a wide range of genres, and are noted for their realism, dark humor, unique cinematography, extensive set designs, and evocative use of music.\nKubrick was raised in the Bronx, New York City, and attended William Howard Taft High School from 1941 to 1945. He received average grades, but displayed a keen interest in literature, photography, and film from a young age, and taught himself all aspects of film production and directing after graduating from high school. After working as a photographer for Look magazine in the late 1940s and early 1950s, he began making short films on a shoestring budget, and made his first major Hollywood film, The Killing, for United Artists in 1956. This was followed by two collaborations with Kirk Douglas, the war picture Paths of Glory (1957) and the historical epic Spartacus (1960). His reputation as a filmmaker in Hollywood grew, and he was approached by Marlon Brando to film what would become One-Eyed Jacks (1961), though Brando eventually decided to direct it himself.\nCreative differences arising from his work with Douglas and the film studios, a dislike of the Hollywood industry, and a growing concern about crime in America prompted Kubrick to move to the United Kingdom in 1961, where he spent most of the remainder of his life and career. His home at Childwickbury Manor in Hertfordshire, which he shared with his wife Christiane, became his workplace, where he did his writing, research, editing, and management of production details. This allowed him to have almost complete artistic control over his films, but with the rare advantage of having financial support from major Hollywood studios. His first productions in Britain were two films with Peter Sellers, Lolita (1962) and Dr. Strangelove (1964).\nA demanding perfectionist, Kubrick assumed control over most aspects of the filmmaking process, from direction and writing to editing, and took painstaking care with researching his films and staging scenes, working in close coordination with his actors and other collaborators. He often asked for several dozen retakes of the same shot in a movie, which resulted in many conflicts with his casts. Despite the resulting notoriety among actors, many of Kubrick's films broke new ground in cinematography. The scientific realism and innovative special effects of 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) were without precedent in the history of cinema, and the film earned him his only personal Oscar, for Best Visual Effects. Steven Spielberg has referred to the film as his generation's \"big bang\", and it is regarded as one of the greatest films ever made. For the 18th-century period film Barry Lyndon (1975), Kubrick obtained lenses developed by Zeiss for NASA, to film scenes under natural candlelight. With The Shining (1980), he became one of the first directors to make use of a Steadicam for stabilized and fluid tracking shots. While many of Kubrick's films were controversial and initially received mixed reviews upon release\u2014particularly A Clockwork Orange (1971), which Kubrick pulled from circulation in the UK following a mass media frenzy\u2014most were nominated for Oscars, Golden Globes, or BAFTA Awards, and underwent critical reevaluations. His last film, Eyes Wide Shut, was completed shortly before his death in 1999 at the age of 70.\n\n", "Q1712385": "Julio Oscar Mechoso (May 31, 1955 \u2013 November 25, 2017) was an American actor.", "Q352021": "Santiago Cabrera (Spanish pronunciation: [san\u02c8tja\u0263o ka\u02c8\u03b2\u027ee\u027ea]; born 5 May 1978) is a Chilean actor who has worked mainly in the UK and United States. Cabrera is best known for his roles as the character Isaac Mendez in the television series Heroes, Lancelot in the BBC drama series Merlin, and Aramis in the BBC series The Musketeers. He was also the lead in the TV show Salvation as Darius Tanz, and plays Captain Crist\u00f3bal \"Chris\" Rios in Star Trek: Picard.", "Q282002": "Michael McDonald (born February 12, 1952) is an American singer-songwriter, keyboardist, and record producer known for his distinctive, soulful voice and as a member of the bands The Doobie Brothers (1975-1982, 1987, 2019-present) and Steely Dan (1974). McDonald wrote and sang several hit singles with The Doobie Brothers, including \"What a Fool Believes\", \"Minute By Minute\", and \"Takin' It to the Streets\". McDonald has also performed as a prominent backing vocalist on numerous recordings by artists including Steely Dan, Christopher Cross, and Kenny Loggins. He is considered an influential figure in the development of the yacht rock genre.\nMcDonald's solo career consists of nine studio albums and a number of singles, including the 1982 hit \"I Keep Forgettin' (Every Time You're Near)\". During his career, McDonald has collaborated with a number of other artists, including James Ingram, David Cassidy, Van Halen, Patti LaBelle, Lee Ritenour, the Winans, Aretha Franklin, Toto, Grizzly Bear, Joni Mitchell, and Thundercat. He has also recorded for television and film soundtracks. McDonald is the recipient of five Grammy Awards, and will be inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Doobie Brothers in 2020.", "Q583635": "Laurent Delahousse (born 30 August 1969) is a French journalist and documentary filmmaker. He is best known for hosting the Journal de 20 heures news bulletin and Un jour, un destin biographical show, both on France 2 at respectively 8:00 p.m. on Fridays and Saturdays and 11:35 p.m. on Thursdays. He also hosts 19h le dimanche between 7 and 9 p.m. on Sundays.", "Q3275784": "Madeline-Ann Aksich, (1956 \u2013 September 25, 2005) was a Canadian businesswoman, philanthropist, artist and founder of the International Children's Institute. On May 1, 2001 she was appointed to the Order of Canada for her humanitarian work. The Madeline-Ann Aksich Visual Arts Studio at Marianopolis College is named in her honour.", "Q2767": "Daniel Morgan (July 6, 1736 \u2013 July 6, 1802) was an American pioneer, soldier, and politician from Virginia. One of the most respected battlefield tacticians of the American Revolutionary War of 1775\u20131783, he later commanded troops during the suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion of 1791\u20131794.\nBorn in New Jersey to Welsh immigrants, Morgan settled in Winchester, Virginia. He became an officer of the Virginia militia and recruited a company of soldiers at the start of the Revolutionary War. Early in the war, Morgan served in Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec and in the Saratoga campaign. He also served in the Philadelphia campaign before resigning from the army in 1779. \nMorgan returned to the army after the Battle of Camden, and led the Continental Army to victory in the Battle of Cowpens. After the war, Morgan retired from the army again and developed a large estate. He was recalled to duty in 1794 to help suppress the Whiskey Rebellion, and commanded a portion of the army that remained in Western Pennsylvania after the rebellion. A member of the Federalist Party, Morgan twice ran for the United States House of Representatives, winning election to the House in 1796. He retired from Congress in 1799 and died in 1802.", "Q78846": "Karl Emil Franzos (October 25, 1848 \u2013 January 28, 1904) was a popular Austrian novelist of the late 19th century. His works, both reportage and fiction, concentrate on the multi-ethnic corner of Galicia, Podolia and Bukovina, now largely in Ukraine, where the Habsburg and Russian empires met. This area became so closely associated with his name that one critic called it \"Franzos country\". A number of his books were translated into English, and Gladstone is said to have been among his admirers.", "Q4867287": "Basil Reginald Vincent Ziani de Ferranti (2 July 1930 \u2013 24 September 1988) was a British businessman and a Conservative Party politician. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, and was the grandson of the electrical engineer and inventor Sebastian de Ferranti.\nHe was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1955 general election in the Labour-held Manchester Exchange constituency.\nIn 1958, he was elected to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament for Morecambe and Lonsdale at a by-election in 1958, following the elevation to the peerage of the constituency's Conservative MP, Ian Fraser.\nHe held the seat at the 1959 general election, but stood down from Parliament at the 1964 election. He had held ministerial office only briefly, as Parliamentary Secretary for Aviation from July to October 1962.He later became a member (1973\u20131979) and chairman (1976\u20131978) of the European Economic and Social Committee. He subsequently became a Member of the European Parliament (MEP), and a Vice President from 1979 to 1982. He represented the Hampshire West constituency from 1979 to 1984, and Hampshire Central from 1984 until his death.", "Q95528": "Helmuth Ludwig Wilhelm Freiherr von Maltzahn (6 January 1840 \u2013 11 February 1923) was a German finance minister and a representative in the Reichstag.\nMaltzahn was born in G\u00fcltz in the Prussian Province of Pomerania. After finishing school he studied law in Erlangen, Heidelberg, and Berlin. He began his career as an assessor, but in 1867 he decided to dedicate himself to the administration of his own estate. In the years 1868 to 1872 he built Schloss G\u00fcltz, a manor house in the classical style.\nMaltzahn participated in the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and the Franco-Prussian War (1870\u201371) as a cavalry officer. In 1871 he became a member of the Reichstag for the constituency of Anklam-Demmin, and was made chairman of the household committee. In 1875, he received the title Freiherr. From 1888 to 1893, he was Finance Minister of the German Empire. In 1900 he took over the task of Oberpr\u00e4sident of Pomerania in Stettin (Szczecin) and held this office until 1911.", "Q79580": "Tuscaloosa ( TUS-k\u0259-LOO-s\u0259) is a city in and the seat of Tuscaloosa County in west central Alabama (in the southeastern United States). Located on the Black Warrior River at the Atlantic Seaboard fall line of the Piedmont, it is the fifth-largest city in Alabama, with an estimated population of 101,113 in 2018. The city was originally known as Tuskaloosa until the early 20th century.Incorporated as a town on December 13, 1819, it was named after Tuskaloosa, the chief of a band of Muskogean-speaking people. They battled and were defeated by forces of Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto in 1540 in the Battle of Mabila, thought to have been located in what is now central Alabama. Tuscaloosa served as Alabama's capital city from 1826 to 1846.\nTuscaloosa is the regional center of industry, commerce, healthcare, and education for the area of west-central Alabama known as West Alabama. It is the principal city of the Tuscaloosa Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Tuscaloosa, Hale and Pickens counties. In 2013 its estimated metro population was 235,628. Tuscaloosa is also the home of The University of Alabama, Stillman College and Shelton State Community College. While the city attracted international attention when Mercedes-Benz announced it would build its first automotive assembly plant in North America in Tuscaloosa County, the University of Alabama remains the dominant economic and cultural engine in the city, making it a college town.\nTuscaloosa has been traditionally known as the \"Druid City\" because of the numerous water oaks planted in its downtown streets since the 1840s. The city has become known nationally for the sports successes of the University of Alabama, particularly in football. City leaders adopted the moniker \"The City of Champions\" after the Alabama Crimson Tide football team won the BCS National Championship in their 2009, 2011, and again in their 2012 seasons. The Tide won the College Football Playoff in the 2015 season and 2017 season.\nIn 2008, the City of Tuscaloosa hosted the USA Olympic Triathlon trials for the Beijing Games.In recent years, Tuscaloosa has been named the \"Most Livable City in America\", one of America's \"100 Best Communities for Young People\", one of the \"50 Best College Towns\", and one of the \"Best Places to Launch a Small Business\".", "Q10536": "John Charles Bryan Barnes MBE (born 7 November 1963) is a Jamaican born, English international former professional footballer and manager. He currently works as a commentator and pundit for ESPN and SuperSport. Initially a quick, skilful left winger, he moved to central midfield later in his career. He won two league titles with Liverpool with whom he also won two cup finals at Wembley. He was also a FA Cup runner-up once each with Watford, Liverpool and Newcastle United. He earned 79 caps for England.\nBarnes was born and initially raised in Jamaica as the son of a military officer from Trinidad and Tobago and a Jamaican mother. He moved to London with his family when he was 12 years old. Barnes joined Watford aged 17 in 1981 before playing 296 competitive games for them scoring 85 goals. He was a Watford 1984 FA Cup Final runner-up. He debuted for England in 1983 and in 1987 joined Liverpool for \u00a3900,000. \nIn his 10 seasons there Liverpool won the then top-flight First Division twice and the FA Cup twice. He scored 106 goals in 403 matches. By the time of his last cap in 1995, he had more caps than any other black England player. After two years at Newcastle United, he ended his playing career at Charlton Athletic in 1999.\nBarnes was the PFA Players' Player of the Year once (in 1987\u201388) and the Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year twice (in 1987\u201388 and 1989\u201390). In the run-up to England's 1990 FIFA World Cup campaign he recorded a rap for the official team song, New Order's \"World in Motion\". In 2005, he was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame. In 2006, in a poll of Liverpool fans' favourite players, Barnes came fifth; a year later, FourFourTwo magazine named him Liverpool's best all time player. In 2016, The Times readers voted him England's greatest ever left-footed player.Barnes had 8 months as Celtic head coach when his former Liverpool manager Kenny Dalglish was director of football. Barnes has since managed the Jamaica national team in 2008\u201309 and English club Tranmere Rovers for four months in 2009.", "Q94636": "Rudolf Prack (2 August 1905 \u2013 2 December 1981) was an Austrian film actor.", "Q972251": "Quinn Sullivan (born March 26, 1999) is an American singer , songwriter and guitarist from New Bedford, Massachusetts, United States.\nHe is known for his accomplishments at an early age, marked by appearances on media such as The Ellen DeGeneres Show from the age of six, performing with artists Buddy Guy and B.B. King, and the release of his first album at the age of twelve.", "Q11628": "Margaret Heafield Hamilton (born August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer and business owner. She was director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for NASA's Apollo program. She later founded two software companies\u2014Higher Order Software in 1976 and Hamilton Technologies in 1986, both in Cambridge, Massachusetts.\nHamilton has published more than 130 papers, proceedings and reports about sixty projects and six major programs. She is one of the people credited with coining the term \"software engineering\".On November 22, 2016, Hamilton received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama for her work leading to the development of on-board flight software for NASA's Apollo Moon missions.\n\n", "Q380167": "Ustad Jalil Zaland (Pashto: \u062c\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0681\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u200e, Persian: \u062c\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0632\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u200e) (also spelled as Jalil Zoland and Ustad Zoland; Persian: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u200e or \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f) is a veteran singer of Afghanistan's golden music era. He is also a poet and music composer.\nHe is the father of Farid Zoland, Shahla Zaland, Soheila Zaland, Wahid Zaland, Mina Zaland, Mirwais Zaland, and Mahmood Zaland. He was one of the early teachers of Ahmad Wali. The Zaland's are Persian speakers, as a result, Jalil Zaland's classic melodies were also highly acclaimed in Iran and Tajikistan. He is also popular for the composition of hit song \"Man Amadeam\" by Googosh.", "Q770711": "Niko Hurme (born 10 November 1974, Karkkila), whose stage name is Nick Gore is a Finnish bass guitarist in the glam metal band Stala & so. He was the bass player for the Finnish hard rock band Lordi between 2002 and 2005, with his stage name Kalma (Finnish, poetic version of word death). He played on the albums The Monsterican Dream and The Arockalypse but was replaced by former bassist OX after his departure from the band for personal reasons. Kalma is known as a so-called \"motorbike zombie\".\nKalma has writing credits for only one Lordi song: 'Kalmageddon', which he co-wrote with Mr. Lordi. The song is the final track on The Monsterican Dream.\nKalma played all bass guitars and performed some backing vocals on The Arockalypse but was not featured on the cover of the album since he left the band before its release. His replacement, OX, is instead featured. Inversely, Kalma appears on the cover of Lordi's debut album, Get Heavy, even though he did not play a note on the record, where all bass was recorded by his predecessor, Magnum.Before the release of Lordi's 4th studio album Deadache, Kalma was the only bass player to be featured on a Lordi album that he had played on, now OX has done the same with the 4th album. Kalma has played some role in the first three albums of Lordi. Since Kalma left the band he has made two surprise guest appearances by joining the current line-up of Lordi on stage playing rhythm guitar at Nosturi and The Forum in 2006 during the last few encores. He later teamed with former Lordi drummer, Sampsa Astala, to form the band Stala & So, they competed to represent Finland in the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest. Niko played in 3 studio albums of Stala & So. Last was released in 2015.", "Q1775478": "William Martin Hunt (born September 5, 1971) is an American drummer, who has played for many bands, including Evanescence, Skrape, Dark New Day, Black Label Society, Device, Crossfade, Rival City Heights, and as a touring member for Staind and Static-X.", "Q16147": "G\u00fcstrow (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u028fst\u0281o], Latin Gustrovium) is a town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is capital of the Rostock district (Rostock itself is a district-free city and regiopolis).\nIt has a population of 28,600 (2012) and is the seventh largest town in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Since 2006 G\u00fcstrow has had the official suffix Barlachstadt.\nThe town is known for its renaissance G\u00fcstrow Palace, the old town and its brick gothic cathedral with Barlach's Floating Angel sculpture.", "Q1702828": "Jonathan Christopher \"Jon\" Porter (born May 16, 1955), an American politician, was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives, the first representative elected from the new 3rd Congressional District of Nevada.\nHe won re-election in the 2006 midterm election against Tessa Hafen by a 48%\u201347% margin. On November 4, 2008, after three consecutive terms, he was defeated by Nevada State Senator Dina Titus, a Democrat and professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.", "Q90450": "Rudolf Sanzin (4 June 1874 \u2013 2 June 1922) was an Austrian engineer and locomotive designer.", "Q1188786": "Kyushu University (\u4e5d\u5dde\u5927\u5b66, Ky\u016bsh\u016b Daigaku), abbreviated to Kyudai (\u4e5d\u5927, Ky\u016bdai), is a Japanese national university located in Fukuoka, in the island of Kyushu. It was the 4th Imperial Universities in Japan, ranked as 4th in 2020 Times Higher Education Japan University Rankings, and selected as a Top Type university of Top Global University Project by the Japanese government. Kyudai is considered as one of the most prestigious research-oriented universities in Japan and is a member of the Alliance of Asian Liberal Arts Universities along with the University of Tokyo, Waseda University, Peking University and others.\nThe history of Kyushu University can be traced back to the medical schools of the Fukuoka Domain (\u798f\u5ca1\u85e9 Fukuoka han) established in 1867. The school was reorganized to Fukuoka Medical College of Kyoto Imperial University in 1903 and became independent as Kyushu Imperial University in 1911. Albert Einstein visited the university on December 25, 1922.There are 2,089 foreign students (As of 2016) enrolled in the University. It was chosen for the Global 30 university program, and has been selected to the top 13 global university project.", "Q99312": "Claudia Akdemir Udenta (born 1965) is a German-Turkish writer and journalist.\nUdenta was born in Hilden, near D\u00fcsseldorf, and grew up in D\u00fcsseldorf. She studied Political Economics in University of Bonn and Humboldt University of Berlin. Since the 90s she works in film business, while travelling back and forth between Istanbul and Berlin.\nUdenta wrote novels as well as crime stories, but also technical books. Apart from that she worked as script editor, storyliner and screenplay writer. She drew up essays and did translations. \nIn the year 2000, she joined the German TV channel RTL as a director to help realizing the project of an experimental online-series named Zwischen den Stunden. In 2008 she produced a short film, which she also directed: Bh\u00e2gan\u00e2 - LENA WEiNT NiCHT \u2013 performed by the actors Deborah Kaufmann, Mathis K\u00fcnzler and Jens Hasselmann \u2013 and shown in the Blow Up Cinema in Berlin on June 6, 2009.", "Q2373976": "Dominique Davray (born Marie-Louise Gournay; 27 January 1919 in Paris \u2013 16 August 1998 in Paris) was a French actress. She performed in more than ninety films from 1942 to 1983.", "Q2114941": "Putney Vale Cemetery and Crematorium in southwest London is located in Putney Vale, surrounded by Putney Heath and Wimbledon Common and Richmond Park. It is located within 47 acres (19 ha) of parkland. The cemetery was opened in 1891 and the crematorium in 1938. The cemetery was originally laid out on land which had belonged to Newlands Farm, which was established in the medieval period.The cemetery has two chapels, one being a traditional Church of England chapel and the other being used for multi-denomination or non-religious services. It has a large Garden of Remembrance.There are 87 Commonwealth war grave burials from the First World War and 97 from the Second World War in the cemetery. Six Victoria Cross recipients have been buried or cremated here. The burials are scattered throughout the grounds of the cemetery and a Screen Wall Memorial has been erected to record the names of those whose graves are not marked by headstones. Those who have been cremated at Putney Vale Crematorium also have their names recorded on these panels.", "Q4574114": "Grappa Musikkforlag AS (established 1983 in Norway) is a Norwegian music company initiated and directed by Helge Westbye. It is one of the oldest and biggest independent record companies in Norway today. The company represents prominent Norwegian artists, and the catalog consists of more than 35 000 tracks in all genres of music. The classic catalog is marketed through Simax Classics. Folk and world music is released on the Heilo label which was taken over by Grappa in 1995. Besides representing the labels Blue Mood (blues and country), Hubro (contemporary jazz) and Barneselskapet (children's music). Grappa is also engaged in several other music companies such as Drabant Music, Curling Legs and Rune Grammofon. Grappa has a close cooperation with the \"Norsk Komponistforening\" for the marketing of their contemporary music published on the Aurora label and with Norsk Jazzforum for the jazz label Odin. Grappa is the Norwegian Music Publishing company with the most nominations for the Norwegian Grammy, Spellemannprisen. The company's DVD releases have also set Norwegian sales records. Grappa is part of FONO.", "Q950796": "Luarsab II the Holy Martyr (Georgian: \u10da\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1 II) (1592 \u2013 21 June (O.S.), 1 July (N.S.), 1622), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king of Kartli (eastern Georgia) from 1606 to 1615. He is known for his martyr\u2019s death at the hands of the Persian shah Abbas I. The Georgian Orthodox Church regards him as saint and marks his memory on the day of his death, July 1.", "Q4755176": "Andrea Lea McCall (born 16 March 1952) is a former Australian politician. She was the Liberal member for Frankston in the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1996 to 2002.\nMcCall was born in Yorkshire, England, and was educated at Harrogate. She received a Bachelor of Arts from the Universite de Lyon in 1972, and a Business Diploma from the French Institute in London in 1973. In 1976 she received a Graduate Diploma from London Polytec. She worked as a marketing advisor from 1977 to 1981, and in 1983 moved to Australia, where she became a personnel consultant; in that year she also joined the Liberal Party. From 1984 to 1990 she was proprietor of the McCall Group, and from 1990 to 1995 was a lecturer at VUT in Footscray.In 1996, McCall was elected as the Liberal member for Frankston in the Victorian Legislative Assembly. She was Chair of the Women's Action Plan Consultative Committee from 1998 to 1999. In 2002, she was defeated by Labor candidate Alistair Harkness.", "Q300001": "Marko Nikoli\u0107 (20 October 1946 \u2013 2 January 2019) was a Serbian actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films from 1967 to 2018.\n\n", "Q86232": "Venetiana \"Veza\" Taubner-Calderon Canetti (Vienna, 1897 \u2013 London, 1963) was an Austrian poet, playwright, and short story writer.", "Q182904": "Margaret Grace Bondfield (17 March 1873 \u2013 16 June 1953) was a British Labour politician, trade unionist and women's rights activist. She became the first female cabinet minister, and the first woman to be a privy counsellor in the UK, when she was appointed Minister of Labour in the Labour government of 1929\u201331. She had earlier become the first woman to chair the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC).\nBondfield was born in humble circumstances and received limited formal education. After serving an apprenticeship to an embroidress she worked as a shop assistant in Brighton and London. She was shocked by the working conditions of shop staff, particularly within the \"living-in\" system, and became an active member of the shopworkers' union. She began to move in socialist circles, and in 1898 was appointed assistant secretary of the National Amalgamated Union of Shop Assistants, Warehousemen and Clerks (NAUSAWC). She was later prominent in several women's socialist movements: she helped to found the Women's Labour League (WLL) in 1906, and was chair of the Adult Suffrage Society. Her standpoint on women's suffrage\u2014she favoured extending the vote to all adults regardless of gender or property, rather than the limited \"on the same terms as men\" agenda pursued by the militant suffragists\u2014divided her from the militant leadership.\nAfter leaving her union post in 1908 Bondfield worked as organising secretary for the WLL and later as women's officer for the National Union of General and Municipal Workers (NUGMW). She was elected to the TUC Council in 1918, and became its chairman in 1923, the year she was first elected to parliament. In the short-lived minority Labour government of 1924 she served as parliamentary secretary in the Ministry of Labour. Her term of cabinet office in 1929\u201331 was marked by the economic crises that beset the second Labour government. Her willingness to contemplate cuts in unemployment benefits alienated her from much of the Labour movement, although she did not follow Ramsay MacDonald into the National Government that assumed office when the Labour government fell in August 1931. Bondfield remained active in NUGMW affairs until 1938, and during the Second World War carried out investigations for the Women's Group on Public Welfare.\nDespite her years of service to party and union, and her successes in breaking through gender boundaries, she has not been greatly honoured within the Labour movement. According to a later female cabinet minister, Barbara Castle, Bondfield's actions in office had brought her close to betrayal of the movement.", "Q14817": "Lemgo (German pronunciation: [\u02c8l\u025bm\u0261o\u02d0]) is a small university town in the Lippe district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, 25km east of Bielefeld and 70 km west of Hannover. The old hanseatic town Lemgo has a population of c. 41,000 (2017) and belongs to the OWL region, which is one of the most important cluster regions for mechanical engineering and industrial electronics in Germany. In 2017 the German Internet portal reisereporter.de placed Lemgo among the most beautiful ten half-timbered towns in Germany. Lemgo is situated between the Teutoburg Forest and the Weser Uplands.", "Q52842": "Kalisz ([\u02c8kal\u02b2i\u0282] (listen); Ancient Greek: \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, Latin: Calisia, Yiddish: \u05e7\u05d0\u05b7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u200e, German: Kalisch) is a city in central Poland with 100,975 inhabitants (December 2018) making it the second-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. It is the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of Greater Poland, the city forms a conurbation with the nearby towns of Ostr\u00f3w Wielkopolski and Nowe Skalmierzyce.\nKalisz is an important regional industrial and commercial centre with many notable factories. The city is also a centre for traditional folk art. The town was also the site of the former 'Calisia' piano factory, until it went out of business in 2007. The building was transformed into the Calisia One Hotel which opened in 2019.\n\n", "Q110321": "Wolfgang Heyl (21 August 1921 in Borna \u2013 14 May 2014) was a German politician.", "Q311093": "Ivan Simon Cary Elwes (; born 26 October 1962) is an English actor and writer. He is best known for his leading film roles as Westley in The Princess Bride (1987), Robin Hood in Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993), and Dr. Lawrence Gordon in the Saw film series. He is also known for leading roles in films like Glory (1989), Hot Shots! (1991), and The Jungle Book (1994), as well as supporting roles in films including Days of Thunder (1990), Twister (1996), Kiss the Girls (1997), Liar Liar (1997), Michael Collins in From the Earth to the Moon (1998), Cradle Will Rock (1999), Shadow of the Vampire (2000), The Cat's Meow (2001), Ella Enchanted (2004), A Christmas Carol (2009), and No Strings Attached (2011). He has had recurring roles in television series including The X-Files, Psych, and Stranger Things. He joined the third season of The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel as Gavin Hawk, a famed Broadway actor.", "Q64328": "Tiefencastel (Romansh: Casti) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Albula in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Alvaschein, Mon, Stierva, Tiefencastel, Alvaneu, Brienz/Brinzauls and Surava merged to form the new municipality of Albula/Alvra.", "Q4660720": "A Woman Called Moses is a 1978 American television miniseries based on the life of Harriet Tubman, the escaped African American slave who helped to organize the Underground Railroad, and who led dozens of African Americans from enslavement in the Southern United States to freedom in the Northern states and Canada.\nNarrated by Orson Welles, the production was broadcast on the NBC television network on December 11 and 12, 1978. Tubman was portrayed by Cicely Tyson.", "Q205794": "Chelsea Kane (born Chelsea Kane Staub; September 15, 1988) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role as Stella Malone in the Disney Channel sitcom television series Jonas and the role of Riley Perrin in the Freeform sitcom, Baby Daddy.", "Q563138": "Carlo Cafiero (September 1, 1846 \u2013 July 17, 1892) was an Italian anarchist, champion of Mikhail Bakunin during the second half of the 19th century and one of the main proponents of insurrectionary anarchism and anarcho-communism during the First International.", "Q722876": "Roy Maurice Mayorga (born April 6, 1970) is an American musician, best known as the drummer for the American heavy metal bands Hellyeah and Stone Sour. He is of Ecuadorian and Cuban descent.", "Q116750": "Gonzague de Reynold (1880\u20131970) was a Swiss writer, historian, and right-wing political activist. \nOver the course of his six-decade career, he wrote more than thirty books outlining his traditionalist Catholic and Swiss nationalist worldview. \nDe Reynold won the Schiller Prize in 1955, and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature six times.\nWith Ren\u00e9 de Weck and L\u00e9on Savary, he formed the troika of Fribourg writers of the early twentieth century.", "Q126693": "Y\u0131lmaz G\u00fcney (born Y\u0131lmaz P\u00fct\u00fcn, 1 April 1937 \u2013 9 September 1984) was a Kurdish film director, scenarist, novelist, and actor, who produced movies in Turkish. He quickly rose to prominence in the Turkish film industry. Many of his works were devoted to the plight of ordinary, working class people in Turkey. G\u00fcney won the Palme d'Or with the film Yol he co-produced with \u015eerif G\u00f6ren at Cannes Film Festival in 1982. He was at constant odds with the Turkish government because of his portrayals of Kurdish culture, people and language in his movies. After being accused of killing a judge, something Y\u0131lmaz claimed to be innocent of, and being convicted in a controversial trial in 1974, he fled the country and later lost his citizenship.", "Q361574": "Masakazu Morita (\u68ee\u7530 \u6210\u4e00, Morita Masakazu, born October 21, 1972) is a Japanese actor, voice actor and singer. He works for Aoni Production. He is also the host of the radio show, Bleach B-Station. He played Ichigo Kurosaki in Bleach, Maeda Keiji in Sengoku Basara, Tidus in Final Fantasy X, Whis in Dragon Ball Super, Auel Neider in Mobile Suit Gundam Seed Destiny, Pegasus Seiya in Saint Seiya \u2013 Hades Chapter, Pod in Pok\u00e9mon and Tenjuro Banno in Kamen Rider Drive. He won the \"Best Rookie Actor\" at the first Seiyu Awards.", "Q1605772": "Paul Fraser Rudolph (born June 14, 1947 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) is a guitarist, bassist, singer, and cyclist. He made his mark in the UK underground music scene, and then as a session musician, before returning to Canada to indulge his passion for cycling. He resided in Gibsons, British Columbia, where he owned and operated a bicycle business, Spin Cycle. He has since retired to Victoria, British Columbia.", "Q3172872": "Jean J\u00e9r\u00f4me (1906\u20131990) was a French communist activist and Resistance member. Born as Micha\u0142 Feintuch (in French Mikha\u00ebl or Michel), he took the pseudonym Jean J\u00e9r\u00f4me in 1940, until his death.", "Q61250": "Martin Bangemann (born 15 November 1934 in Wanzleben) is a German politician and a former leader of the FDP (1985\u20131988). He studied Law in T\u00fcbingen and Munich, earned a Dr. jur. (not equivalent to J.S.D. , but a PhD in Law) in 1962 with a dissertation entitled \"Bilder und Fiktionen in Recht und Rechtswissenschaft\" (\"Imagery and fiction in law and jurisprudence\"). He qualified as an attorney in 1964.", "Q1677482": "Jacob Friedrich Schoellkopf Jr. (February 27, 1858 \u2013 September 9, 1942) was an American business executive, founder of Schoellkopf Aniline and Chemical Works, and member of the Schoellkopf family who were involved in hydroelectric resources at Niagara Falls.", "Q266569": "An animator is an artist who creates multiple images, known as frames, which give an illusion of movement called animation when displayed in rapid sequence. Animators can work in a variety of fields including film, television, and video games. Animation is closely related to filmmaking and like filmmaking is extremely labor-intensive, which means that most significant works require the collaboration of several animators. The methods of creating the images or frames for an animation piece depend on the animators' artistic styles and their field.\nOther artists who contribute to animated cartoons, but who are not animators, include layout artists (who design the backgrounds, lighting, and camera angles), storyboard artists (who draw panels of the action from the script), and background artists (who paint the \"scenery\"). Animated films share some film crew positions with regular live action films, such as director, producer, sound engineer, and editor, but differ radically in that for most of the history of animation, they did not need most of the crew positions seen on a physical set.\nIn hand-drawn Japanese animation productions, such as in Hayao Miyazaki's films, the key animator handles both layout and key animation. Some animators in Japan such as Mitsuo Iso take full responsibility for their scenes, making them become more than just the key animator.", "Q324028": "John Patrick Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute, , KGCHS (12 September 1847 \u2013 9 October 1900), was a landed aristocrat, industrial magnate, antiquarian, scholar, philanthropist, and architectural patron.\nSucceeding to the marquisate at the age of only six months, his vast inheritance reportedly made him the richest man in the world. His conversion to Catholicism from the Church of Scotland at the age of 21 scandalised Victorian society and led Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli to use the Marquess as the basis for the eponymous hero of his novel Lothair, published in 1870. Marrying into one of Britain's most illustrious Catholic families, Bute became one of the leaders of the British Catholic community. His enormous expenditure on building and restoration made him the foremost architectural patron of the 19th century.\nLord Bute died at the age of only 53 in 1900; his heart was buried on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. He was a Knight Grand Cross of the Holy Sepulchre, Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great and Hereditary Keeper of Rothesay Castle.\n\n", "Q294927": "Jerry Lewis (born Joseph Levitch; March 16, 1926 \u2013 August 20, 2017) was an American comedian, actor, singer, filmmaker and humanitarian, dubbed as \"The King of Comedy\" and \"The Total Filmmaker\". He gained his career breakthrough together with singer Dean Martin, becoming Martin & Lewis in 1946 and for ten years, would both perform on stage and in film and television until their acrimonious breakup in 1956.\nLewis pursued a solo career, starring in several theatrical movies, worked behind-the-scenes as director, producer and screenwriter, performed comedy routines on stage, released many albums as a singer and raised awareness for muscular dystrophy, while as national chairman of the Muscular Dystrophy Association, most notably The Jerry Lewis MDA Labor Day Telethon he hosted, which raised $2.6 billion for the cause.", "Q112536": "Joey Lynn King (born July 30, 1999) is an American actress. She first gained recognition for portraying Ramona Quimby in the comedy film Ramona and Beezus (2010), an adaptation of Beverly Cleary's book series Beezus and Ramona. King has also appeared in the films Crazy, Stupid, Love (2011), The Dark Knight Rises (2012), Oz the Great and Powerful (2013), The Conjuring (2013), White House Down (2013), Independence Day: Resurgence (2016), Wish Upon (2017), The Kissing Booth (2018), and Slender Man (2018). King received critical acclaim for her starring role in the true crime drama series The Act (2019) and earned both Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for her performance.", "Q782418": "Oskar Davi\u010do (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0440 \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043e; 18 January 1909 \u2014 30 September 1989) was a Serbian and Yugoslavian novelist and poet. A leading literary figure of his generation, he was one of the most acclaimed Serbian surrealist writers, but also a revolutionary socialist activist and a politician. Davi\u010do was awarded prestigious literary NIN Award a record three times.", "Q1368027": "William \"Bill\" Hope (born March 2, 1955) is a Canadian stage, film, television and voice actor.", "Q3563550": "The Faculty of Arts, Charles University, is one of the original four faculties of Charles University in Prague. When founded, it was named the Faculty of the Liberal Arts or the Artistic Faculty. The faculty provides lectures in the widest range of fields of the humanities in the Czech Republic, and is the only university faculty in Europe which provides studies in all the official languages of the European Union. The faculty has around 1,000 members of staff, over 9,000 students, and a flexible system of more than 700 possible double-subject degree combinations.", "Q188408": "Chen Yi (Chinese: \u9648\u6bc5; pinyin: Ch\u00e9n Y\u00ec; Wade\u2013Giles: Chen I; August 26, 1901 \u2013 January 6, 1972) was a Chinese communist military commander and politician. He served as Mayor of Shanghai from 1949 to 1958 and as Foreign Minister of China from 1958 to 1972.", "Q323747": "Hammie Nixon (January 22, 1908 \u2013 August 17, 1984) was an American harmonica player.", "Q2958514": "Charles Beigbeder is a French businessman.", "Q332892": "John W. Bowman Jr. (born March 20, 1958), better known by his stage name DJ Kool, is an American DJ and rapper who produced several popular rap singles in the late 1980s.\n\n", "Q2889629": "Shmuel \"Samy\" Flatto-Sharon (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05e4\u05dc\u05d0\u05d8\u05d5-\u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05df, 18 January 1930 \u2013 7 December 2018) was a controversial French-Israeli businessman, radio talk-show host and politician. After starting his own political party, he was a member of the Knesset between 1977 and 1981.", "Q4289": "Guibert de Nogent (c. 1055\u20131124) was a Benedictine historian, theologian and author of autobiographical memoirs. Guibert was relatively unknown in his own time, going virtually unmentioned by his contemporaries. He has only recently caught the attention of scholars who have been more interested in his extensive autobiographical memoirs and personality which provide insight into medieval life.", "Q462232": "Walter Andrew Shewhart (pronounced like \"shoe-heart\",\nMarch 18, 1891 \u2013 March 11, 1967) was an American physicist, engineer and statistician, sometimes known as the father of statistical quality control and also related to the Shewhart cycle.\nW. Edwards Deming said of him:\n\nAs a statistician, he was, like so many of the rest of us, self-taught, on a good background of physics and mathematics.\nBorn in New Canton, Illinois to Anton and Esta Barney Shewhart, he attended the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign before being awarded his doctorate in physics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1917. He married Edna Elizabeth Hart, daughter of William Nathaniel and Isabelle \"Ibie\" Lippencott Hart on August 4, 1914 in Pike County, Illinois.", "Q196150": "Ermenegildo De Stefano (born in Naples, Italy) is an Italian journalist, music critic and musicologist.", "Q325450": "Wei\u00dfe W\u00f6lfe is an East German film. It was released in 1969, and sold 4,601,516 tickets.Wei\u00dfe W\u00f6lfe is a sequel of the 1968 film Spur des Falken.", "Q282823": "Tivadar Pusk\u00e1s de Ditr\u00f3 (English: Theodore Pusk\u00e1s b. 17 September 1844, Pest \u2013 d. 16 March 1893, Budapest) was a Hungarian inventor, telephone pioneer, and inventor of the telephone exchange. He was also the founder of Telefon H\u00edrmond\u00f3.\n\n", "Q236438": "C\u00e9cile Louise St\u00e9phanie Chaminade (8 August 1857 \u2013 13 April 1944) was a French composer and pianist. In 1913, she was awarded the L\u00e9gion d'Honneur, a first for a female composer.\nAmbroise Thomas said, \"This is not a woman who composes, but a composer who is a woman.\"", "Q335643": "Benjam\u00edn Rojas Pessi (born April 16, 1985 in La Plata), known as Benjam\u00edn Rojas, is an Argentinian actor, singer, musician and former occasional model. He is perhaps the best known for his roles in Chiquititas, Rebelde Way, Floricienta, Alma Pirata, Casi \u00c1ngeles and Jake & Blake. Rojas also appeared in several films, most notably Chiquititas: Rinc\u00f3n de Luz and Erreway: 4 Caminos. He was the member of Argentine band Erreway from 2002 to 2005, and from 2007 to 2010, along with Luisana Lopilato, Felipe Colombo and Camila Bordonaba. He also made a cameo appearance in Sonny with a Chance-Sonny with a Secret as one of West Appleton's students.", "Q576535": "Joseph Alberto \"Joey\" Santiago (born June 10, 1965) is a Filipino-American guitarist and composer. Active since 1986, Santiago is best known as the lead guitarist for the American alternative rock band the Pixies. After the band's breakup in 1993, Santiago produced musical scores for film and television documentaries, and he formed The Martinis with his ex-wife, Linda Mallari. He also contributed to albums by Charles Douglas and former Pixies band-mate Frank Black. Santiago resumed his role as the Pixies' lead guitarist when they reunited in 2004.\nSantiago has described his guitar technique as \"angular and bent\", and he cites Les Paul, George Harrison, Chet Atkins, Wes Montgomery, Joe Pass and Jimi Hendrix as major influences on his style. His guitar playing, as part of the Pixies' sound, was held in high regard by critics: MTV's Laurel Bowman commented that Santiago's \"sonic plow was the key element in the Pixies' monstrous presence\".", "Q186343": "Andrzej J\u00f3zef Gut-Mostowy (born October 30, 1960) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on September 25, 2005, getting 11282 votes in 14 Nowy S\u0105cz district, candidating from the Civic Platform list. Reelected 2007, 2011 and 2015.From 2017 member of Agreement. In 2019 elected to the Sejm from the lists of Law and Justice.\n\n", "Q615016": "Marco Travaglio (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8marko tra\u02c8va\u028e\u028eo]; born 13 October 1964) is an Italian investigative journalist, writer and opinion leader, director of the independent journal Il Fatto Quotidiano.", "Q68274": "Kehrsatz is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q5829": "Jean-Luc Antoine Pierre M\u00e9lenchon (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0251\u0303 lyk \u0251\u0303twan pj\u025b\u0281 mel\u0251\u0303\u0283\u0254\u0303]; born 19 August 1951), is a French politician serving as the member of the National Assembly for Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne's 4th constituency since 2017.\nAfter joining the Socialist Party in 1976, he was successively elected municipal councillor of Massy (1983), General Council of Essonne (1985) and Senator of the same department (1986, reelected in 1995 and then 2004). He also served as Minister for Vocational Education between 2000 and 2002, under Minister of National Education Jack Lang, in the cohabitation government of Lionel Jospin. He was part of the left wing of the Socialist Party until the Reims Congress of 2008, at the outcome of which he left that party to found the Left Party with Marc Dolez, a member of the National Assembly. He served as the president of the party, and then as its co-president (along with Martine Billard) until August 2014.As leader of the Left Party, he joined the electoral coalition of the Left Front before the 2009 European elections, and was elected as a member of the European Parliament in the South-West constituency (reelected in 2014). He was the candidate of that coalition in the 2012 presidential election, in which he came in fourth, receiving 11.1% of the first-round votes. He founded the movement La France Insoumise (FI, \"France Unbowed\") in February 2016. He stood as a candidate in the 2017 presidential election \"outside the frame of political parties\", again coming in fourth, with 19.58% of the first-round votes. In June 2017 he became a member of the National Assembly for La France Insoumise after the following 2017 French legislative election, receiving 59.85% (in the second round) in the 4th constituency of Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne, entirely located in the city of Marseille.", "Q67147": "Count Georg Ludwig Cancrin (Russian: \u0415\u0433\u043e\u0440 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d; 16 November 1774 \u2013 10 September 1845) was a Russian German aristocrat and as a politician best known for spearheading reforms in the Russian financial system early in the 19th century.", "Q315593": "The Valley of Death or Winnetou and Shatterhand in the Valley of Death (German: Winnetou und Shatterhand im Tal der Toten) is a 1968 western film directed by Harald Reinl and starring Lex Barker, Pierre Brice and Rik Battaglia. It was the last in a series of films based on Karl May novels. These had previously enjoyed major commercial success, although this film's box office returns were disappointing. It was effectively a remake of an earlier film in the series Treasure of the Silver Lake.It was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin and on location in Yugoslavia. The film's sets were designed by the art director Vladimir Tadej.", "Q464643": "A stabbing is penetration with a sharp or pointed object at close range. Stab connotes purposeful action, as by an assassin or murderer, but it is also possible to accidentally stab oneself or others. Stabbing differs from slashing or cutting in that the motion of the object used in a stabbing generally moves perpendicular to and directly into the victim's body, rather than being drawn across it.\nStabbings today are common among gangs and in prisons because knives are cheap, easy to acquire (or manufacture), easily concealable and relatively effective. In 2013, about 8 million stabbings occurred.", "Q238415": "Cynthia Ann Christine Rothrock (born March 8, 1957) is an American martial artist and actress in martial arts films. Rothrock holds black belt rankings in seven styles of martial arts and was a high level competitor in martial arts before becoming an actress.", "Q1052317": "Cecil Kimber (12 April 1888 \u2013 4 February 1945) was a motor car designer, best known for his role in being the driving force behind The M.G. Car Company.\n\n", "Q948720": "The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is a public, deemed, research university for higher education and research in science, engineering, design, and management. It is located in Bangalore city, in the Indian state of Karnataka. The institute was established in 1909 with active support from Jamsetji Tata and Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV and thus is also locally known as the \"Tata Institute\". It was granted the deemed to be university status in 1958 and the Institute of Eminence status in 2018.\nThe Institute places equal emphasis on student learning, with several postgraduate and PhD programmes, and a new dedicated four-year undergraduate programme, aimed at encouraging bright young students to pursue careers in the basic sciences.\nIn 2019, IISc launched its brand statement: \"Discover and Innovate; Transform and Transcend; Serve and Lead\".", "Q109116": "The Great Dictator is a 1940 American political satire comedy-drama film written, directed, produced, scored by, and starring British comedian Charlie Chaplin, following the tradition of many of his other films. Having been the only Hollywood filmmaker to continue to make silent films well into the period of sound films, Chaplin made this his first true sound film.\nChaplin's film advanced a stirring condemnation of Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, fascism, antisemitism, and the Nazis. At the time of its first release, the United States was still formally at peace with Nazi Germany. Chaplin plays both leading roles: a ruthless fascist dictator and a persecuted Jewish barber.\nThe Great Dictator was popular with audiences, becoming Chaplin's most commercially successful film. Modern critics have also praised it as an historically significant film and an important work of satire, and in 1997, it was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". The Great Dictator was nominated for five Academy Awards \u2013 Outstanding Production, Best Actor, Best Writing (Original Screenplay), Best Supporting Actor for Jack Oakie, and Best Music (Original Score).\nIn his 1964 autobiography, Chaplin stated that he could not have made the film if he had known about the true extent of the horrors of the Nazi concentration camps at the time.\n\n", "Q993124": "Ante Bruno Bu\u0161i\u0107 (6 October 1939 \u2013 16 October 1978) was a Croatian writer and critic of the government of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He was one of the best-known victims of UDBA (Yugoslav secret police) killings.", "Q106225": "Jean Yanne (born Jean Roger Gouy\u00e9; 18 July 1933 \u2013 23 May 2003) was a French actor, screenwriter, producer, director and composer. In 1972, he won the Cannes Best Actor Award for his leading role in the film We Won't Grow Old Together.\n\n", "Q460425": "Anita Hale Shreve (October 7, 1946 \u2013 March 29, 2018) was an American writer, chiefly known for her novels. One of her first published stories, Past the Island, Drifting (published in 1975), was awarded an O. Henry Prize in 1976.", "Q265706": "Susan Elizabeth Strasberg (May 22, 1938 \u2013 January 21, 1999) was an American stage, film, and television actress. She was nominated for a Tony Award at the age of 18 for playing the title role in The Diary of Anne Frank. Later in her career, she wrote two best-selling books.", "Q213690": "Gitta Sereny, CBE (13 March 1921 \u2013 14 June 2012) was an Austrian-British biographer, historian, and investigative journalist who came to be known for her interviews and profiles of infamous figures, including Mary Bell, who was convicted in 1968 of killing two children when she herself was a child, and Franz Stangl, the commandant of the Treblinka extermination camp.\nBorn and initially raised in Austria, she was the author of five books, including The Case of Mary Bell: A Portrait of a Child Who Murdered (1972) and Albert Speer: His Battle with Truth (1995).\nSereny was awarded the Duff Cooper Prize and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for her book on Albert Speer in 1995, and the Stig Dagerman Prize in 2002. She was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2004 for services to journalism.", "Q7563919": "Sossina M. Haile (Ge'ez: \u1236\u1235\u1293 \u1203\u12ed\u120c, born July 28, 1966) is an American chemist, known for developing the first solid acid fuel cells. She is a professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University, Illinois, USA.Haile received the NSF National Young Investigator Award (1994\u201399), Humboldt Fellowship (1992\u201393), Fulbright Fellowship (1991\u201392), and AT&T Cooperative Research Fellowship (1986\u201392). The Humboldt and Fulbright fellowships supported her research at the Max Planck Institut f\u00fcr Festk\u00f6rperforschung [Institute for Solid State Research], Stuttgart, Germany (1991\u20131993). She earned the 2001 J.B. Wagner Award of the High Temperature Materials Division of the Electrochemical Society, the 2000 Coble Award from the American Ceramic Society, and the 1997 TMS Robert Lansing Hardy Award. In 2018, Haile was elected a Fellow of the Materials Research Society.", "Q111981": "Mathias Br\u00f6ckers is a writer, journalist and longtime editor of the Berlin newspaper 'taz' (die tageszeitung). He is most widely known for his writings casting doubt on the commonly accepted version of events regarding the destruction of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.\nHe first wrote on the matter in the September 13, 2001, edition of the online magazine Telepolis and has subsequently published two books on 9/11: Verschw\u00f6rungen, Verschw\u00f6rungstheorien und die Geheimnisse des 11.9 was, under the title 'Conspiracies, Conspiracy Theories and the Secrets of 9/11, the only book promoting a 9/11 conspiracy theories to be translated into English from German. Its sequel was entitled Fakten, F\u00e4lschungen und die unterdr\u00fcckten Beweise des 11.9, (Facts, Forgeries and the Suppressed Evidence of 9/11).\nBr\u00f6ckers stated that the unanimous opinion expressed by the media that Bin Laden was responsible made him suspicious: \"Although it was the biggest police investigation of all time... one year after the attacks the amount of evidence gathered against those who allegedly masterminded them, Osama Bin Laden and his terrorist group Al Qaeda, comes to no more than it did only a few hours afterwards: virtually nothing.\" Br\u00f6ckers does not accept that Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden planned and executed the 9/11 attacks.Br\u00f6ckers is a longstanding writer on conspiracy theories who was working on a book on conspiracy theories before the 9/11 attacks. As an admirer and translator of the work of novelist Robert Anton Wilson, co-author of The Illuminatus! Trilogy, Br\u00f6ckers was working a book on a \"new science of conspirology\" in Sept. 2001, which led to his work on 9/11. His proposed scheme of thought would include \"a general theory of conspiracy theories\" as a guide to assessing their validity, instead of \"blindly demonizing\" them. This proposed book does not appear to have been published. He assigns conspiracy a key role in history and biology as a powerful hybrid of the forces of competition and co-operation.Br\u00f6ckers is also a long-time activist and author advocating the legalization of hemp. In 1993 he co-authored the influential Die Wiederentdeckung der Nutzpflanze Hanf (The Rediscovery of the Agricultural Crop Hemp) with Jack Herer. His Albert Hofmann und die Entdeckung des LSD (the Discovery of LSD) was published in Jan. 2006. He has spoken at conferences promoting the use of LSD.", "Q3001888": "Sony BMG Music Entertainment was an American record company owned as a 50\u201350 joint venture between Sony Corporation of America and Bertelsmann Music Group. The venture's successor, the revived Sony Music, is wholly owned by Sony, following their buyout of the remaining 50% held by Bertelsmann. BMG was instead rebuilt as BMG Rights Management on the basis of 200 remaining artists.", "Q321636": "Igor Ozim (born 9 May 1931) is a Slovenian classical violinist and pedagogue, based in Salzburg, Austria.", "Q982029": "Tony Duvert (July 2, 1945 \u2013 August 2008) was a French writer and philosopher. In the 1970s he achieved some renown, winning the Prix Medicis in 1973 for his novel Paysage de Fantaisie. Duvert's writings are notable both for their style and core themes: the celebration and defence of pedophilia, and criticism of modern child-rearing. In the 1970s attitudes to sexual liberation and child sexuality allowed Duvert to express himself publicly. However, when attitudes altered markedly in the 1980s, he was left feeling frustrated and oppressed.", "Q3904156": "Pietro Pensa (Esino Lario, 1906 \u2013 Bellano, 1996) was an Italian civil engineer and historian, who served as mayor of Esino Lario.\nHe contributed scholarly work about the history, culture and environment around Lake Como mainly featuring Valsassina, Lecco and Esino Lario.", "Q73132": "Andrew Kennedy Irvine (born 14 June 1942) is an Irish folk musician, singer-songwriter, and a founding member of Sweeney's Men, Planxty, Patrick Street, Mozaik, LAPD and Usher's Island. He also featured in duos, with D\u00f3nal Lunny, Paul Brady, Mick Hanly, Dick Gaughan, Rens van der Zalm, and Luke Plumb. Irvine plays the mandolin, mandola, bouzouki, harmonica, and hurdy-gurdy.\nHe has been influential in folk music for over five decades, during which he recorded a large repertoire of songs and tunes he assembled from books, old recordings and folk-song collectors rooted in the Irish, English, Scottish, Eastern European, Australian and American old-time and folk traditions.\nImbued with a sense of social justice, Irvine often selects or writes songs that are based on historical events and presented from the victim's perspective. Some of these songs chronicle the abject living and working conditions imposed on groups of people: immigrants, brutalised migrant workers, and exploited textile workers and coalminers. Other songs recall the archetypal experiences of single individuals: the woman seduced by an unfaithful man or disowned by her father; the destitute young man ostracised or murdered on the order of his sweetheart's rich father; the down-on-his-luck farmer or the unemployed worker; the young man inveigled by the army's recruiting sergeant, and political scapegoats. His repertoire includes humorous songs, but also bittersweet ones of unrequited love, or of lovers cruelly separated or dramatically reunited. He also sings about famous racehorses, men or women masquerading in various disguises, a fantastical fox preying on young maidens, and the violent lives of outlaws.\nAs a child actor, Irvine honed his performing talent from an early age and learned the classical guitar. He switched to folk music after discovering Woody Guthrie, also adopting the latter's other instruments: harmonica and mandolin. While extending Guthrie's guitar picking technique to the mandolin, he further developed his playing of this instrument\u2014and, later, of the mandola and the bouzouki\u2014into a decorative, harmonic style, and embraced the modes and rhythms of Bulgarian folk music.\nAlong with Johnny Moynihan and D\u00f3nal Lunny, Irvine is one of the pioneers who adapted the Greek bouzouki\u2014with a new tuning\u2014into an Irish instrument. He contributed to advancing the design of his instruments in co-operation with English luthier Stefan Sobell, and he sometimes plays a hurdy-gurdy made for him in 1972 by Peter Abnett, another English luthier.Although touring mainly as a soloist, Irvine has also enjoyed great success in pursuing collaborations through many projects that have influenced contemporary folk music. He continues to tour and perform extensively in Ireland, Great Britain, Europe, North and South America, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. In October 2018, he received the first Lifetime Achievement Award bestowed at RT\u00c9 Radio 1's inaugural Folk Music Awards.\n\n", "Q430212": "Louis Seigner (23 June 1903 \u2013 20 January 1991) was a French actor.\nHe was born in Saint-Chef, Is\u00e8re, France, the son of Louise (Monin) and Joseph Seigner, and died in Paris. He is the father of actress Fran\u00e7oise Seigner, with Marie Cazeaux, and the grandfather of Emmanuelle Seigner, Mathilde Seigner and Marie-Am\u00e9lie Seigner.", "Q331425": "Agaton Giller (Opat\u00f3wek, Congress Poland, Russian Empire, 1831 \u2013 87, Stanis\u0142aw\u00f3w, Austro-Hungary) was a Polish historian, journalist and politician. He and his brother Stefan Giller played notable roles in the Polish independence movement and in the January 1863 Uprising.\n\n", "Q32608": "Alice Bela\u00efdi (born 18 March 1987) is a French actress. She has appeared in more than 20 films and television shows since 2010.", "Q121842": "French people (French: Fran\u00e7ais) are a Western European ethnic group and nation that shares a common French culture, ancestry, French language and is identified with the country of France.\nThe French people, especially the native speakers of langues d'oil from northern and central France, are primarily the descendants of Gauls and Romans (or Gallo-Romans, western European Celtic and Italic peoples), as well as Germanic peoples such as the Franks, the Visigoths, the Suebi and the Burgundians who settled Gaul from east of the Rhine after the fall of the Roman Empire. The Norse also settled in Normandy in the 10th century and contributed ancestry to the Normans. Furthermore, regional ethnic minorities also exist within France that have distinct lineages, languages and cultures such as Bretons in Brittany, Occitans in Occitania, Basques in the French Basque Country, Catalans in northern Catalonia, Germans in Alsace and Flemings in French Flanders.France has long been a patchwork of local customs and regional differences, and while most French people still speak the French language as their mother tongue, languages like Norman, Picard, Poitevin-Saintongeais, Franco-Provencal, Occitan, Catalan, Auvergnat, Corsican, Basque, French Flemish, Lorraine Franconian, Alsatian, and Breton remain spoken in their respective regions. Arabic is also widely spoken, arguably the largest minority language in France as of the 21st century (a spot previously held by Breton and Occitan).Modern French society is a melting pot. From the middle of the 19th century, it experienced a high rate of inward migration, mainly consisting of Arab-Berbers, Jews, Sub-Saharan Africans, Chinese, and other peoples from Africa, the Middle East and East Asia, and the government, defining France as an inclusive nation with universal values, advocated assimilation through which immigrants were expected to adhere to French values and cultural norms. Nowadays, while the government has let newcomers retain their distinctive cultures since the mid-1980s and requires from them a mere integration, French citizens still equate their nationality with citizenship as does French law.In addition to mainland France, French people and people of French descent can be found internationally, in overseas departments and territories of France such as the French West Indies (French Caribbean), and in foreign countries with significant French-speaking population groups or not, such as Switzerland (French Swiss), the United States (French Americans), Canada (French Canadians), Argentina (French Argentines), Brazil (French Brazilians), Chile (French Chileans) and Uruguay (French Uruguayans).\n\n", "Q264418": "Russi Taylor (May 4, 1944 \u2013 July 26, 2019) was an American voice actress, who was the long-time voice of Minnie Mouse.", "Q106231": "Daniel Webster (January 18, 1782 \u2013 October 24, 1852) was an American statesman who represented New Hampshire and Massachusetts in the United States Congress and served as the United States Secretary of State under Presidents William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, and Millard Fillmore. He was also a prominent attorney, especially during the period of the Marshall Court. Throughout his career, he was a member of the Federalist Party, the National Republican Party, and the Whig Party.\nBorn in New Hampshire in 1782, Webster established a successful legal practice in Portsmouth, New Hampshire after undergoing a legal apprenticeship. He emerged as a prominent opponent of the War of 1812 and won election to the United States House of Representatives, where he served as a leader of the Federalist Party. Webster left office after two terms and relocated to Boston, Massachusetts. He became a leading attorney before the Supreme Court of the United States, winning cases such as Dartmouth College v. Woodward, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden. Webster returned to the House in 1823 and became a key supporter of President John Quincy Adams. He won election to the United States Senate in 1827 and worked with Henry Clay to build the National Republican Party in support of Adams.\nAfter Andrew Jackson defeated Adams in the 1828 presidential election, Webster became a leading opponent of Jackson's domestic policies. He strongly objected to the theory of nullification espoused by John C. Calhoun, and his Second Reply to Hayne speech is widely regarded as one of the greatest speeches ever delivered in Congress. Webster supported Jackson's defiant response to the Nullification Crisis, but broke with the president due to disagreements over the Second Bank of the United States. Webster joined with other Jackson opponents in forming the Whig Party, and unsuccessfully ran in the 1836 presidential election. He supported Harrison in the 1840 presidential election and was appointed secretary of state after Harrison took office. Unlike the other members of Harrison's Cabinet, he continued to serve under President Tyler after Tyler broke with congressional Whigs. As secretary of state, Webster negotiated the Webster\u2013Ashburton Treaty, which settled border disputes with Britain.\nWebster returned to the Senate in 1845 and resumed his status as a leading congressional Whig. During the Mexican\u2013American War, he emerged as a leader of the \"Cotton Whigs,\" a faction of Northern Whigs that emphasized good relations with the South over anti-slavery policies. In 1850, President Fillmore appointed Webster as secretary of state, and Webster contributed to the passage of the Compromise of 1850, which settled several territorial issues and enacted a new fugitive slave law. The Compromise proved unpopular in much of the North and undermined Webster's standing in his home state. Webster sought the Whig nomination in the 1852 presidential election, but a split between supporters of Fillmore and Webster led to the nomination of General Winfield Scott. Webster is widely regarded as an important and talented attorney, orator, and politician, but historians and observers have offered mixed opinions on his moral qualities and ability as a national leader.\n\n", "Q213684": "Hayd\u00e9e Tamara Bunke Bider (November 19, 1937 \u2013 August 31, 1967), better known as Tania or Tania the Guerrilla, was an Argentine-born East German communist revolutionary and spy who played a prominent role in the Cuban government after the Cuban Revolution and in various Latin American revolutionary movements. She fought alongside Marxist guerrillas under Che Guevara during the Bolivian Insurgency (1966\u20131967) where she was killed in an ambush by CIA-assisted Bolivian Army Rangers.", "Q116022": "Jean Le Clerc, also Johannes Clericus (March 19, 1657 in Geneva \u2013 January 8, 1736 in Amsterdam), was a Genevan theologian and biblical scholar. He was famous for promoting exegesis, or critical interpretation of the Bible, and was a radical of his age. He parted with Calvinism over his interpretations and left Geneva for that reason.", "Q713301": "Raymond John Heindorf (August 25, 1908 \u2013 February 3, 1980) was an American songwriter, composer, conductor, and arranger.", "Q96814": "Josip Juratovic (born 15 January 1959) is a German politician. Born in Koprivnica, he represents the SPD. Josip Juratovic has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg since 2005.", "Q437569": "Elena Nathanael (Greek: \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u039d\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ae\u03bb, January 19, 1947 \u2013 March 4, 2008) was a Greek film actress.", "Q515904": "Andrzej \u017bu\u0142awski (Polish: [\u02c8and\u0290\u025bj \u0290u\u02c8wafsk\u02b2i]; 22 November 1940 \u2013 17 February 2016) was a Polish film director and writer. He was born in Lviv, Ukrainian SSR (now Ukraine). \u017bu\u0142awski often went against mainstream commercialism in his films, and enjoyed success mostly with European art-house audiences.\nIn the late 1950s, he studied cinema in France. His second feature, The Devil (1972), was banned in Poland, and \u017bu\u0142awski went to France. After the success of That Most Important Thing: Love in 1975, he returned to Poland where he spent two years making On the Silver Globe (1988). The work on this film was interrupted by the Polish authorities. After that, \u017bu\u0142awski moved to France where he became known for controversial and violent art-house films. \u017bu\u0142awski is also known for his work with actresses including Romy Schneider, Isabelle Adjani and Sophie Marceau.\nHis films have received awards at various international film festivals. \u017bu\u0142awski had also written several novels, for example: Il \u00e9tait Un Verger, Lity B\u00f3r (a.k.a. La For\u00eat Forteresse), W Oczach Tygrysa, and Ogr\u00f3d Mi\u0142o\u015bci.", "Q73126": "Karl Blind (4 September 1826, Mannheim \u2013 31 May 1907, London) was a German revolutionist and writer on politics, history, mythology and German literature.", "Q552497": "Rokas \u017dilinskas (20 July 1972 \u2013 6 June 2017) was a Lithuanian journalist and politician. He was elected to the Seimas in 2008 and was a member of the Lithuanian Parliament until his death. He was the first openly gay member of the parliament.\n\n", "Q167803": "Elio Sgreccia (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025b\u02d0ljo \u02c8z\u0261rett\u0283a]; 6 June 1928 \u2013 5 June 2019) was an Italian bioethicist and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was president of the Pontifical Academy for Life, director of the international medical ethics journal Medicina e Morale, president of the Ut Vitam Habeant Foundation and the Donum Vitae Association of the Diocese of Rome, and honorary president of the International Federation of Bioethics Centers and Institutes of Personalist Inspiration (FIBIP).", "Q2276991": "The Man from St. Petersburg is a thriller novel written by Ken Follett and published in 1982.", "Q221150": "The Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team based in Minneapolis. The Vikings joined the National Football League (NFL) as an expansion team in 1960, and first took the field for the 1961 season. The team competes in the National Football Conference (NFC) North division.During the 1960s, the Vikings' record was typical for an expansion franchise, but improved over the course of the decade, resulting in a Central Division title in 1968. In 1969, their dominant defense led to the Vikings' league championship, the last NFL championship prior to the merger of the NFL with the AFL.\nThe team plays its home games at U.S. Bank Stadium in the Downtown East section of Minneapolis.", "Q78073": "Ernst Hiemer (5 July 1900 in Gro\u00dfweingarten \u2013 29 July 1974 in Alt\u00f6tting) was a German writer, who worked closely with Julius Streicher, the founder of the anti-Semitic newspaper Der St\u00fcrmer. Hiemer's three main books were all published in the Second World War and had anti-Semitic themes.", "Q57090": "Les Cl\u00e9es is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q314841": "Jack Earle Haley (born July 14, 1961) is an American actor. His earliest roles included Moocher in Breaking Away (1979) and Kelly Leak in The Bad News Bears (1976), The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training (1977) and The Bad News Bears Go to Japan (1978). After spending many years as a producer and director of television commercials, he revived his acting career with a supporting role in All the King's Men (2006). This was followed by his performance as pedophile Ronald James McGorvey in Little Children (2006), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.\nSubsequent notable roles include the superhero Rorschach in Watchmen (2009), horror icon Freddy Krueger in the remake of A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010) and Grewishka, a huge cyborg criminal, in Alita: Battle Angel (2019). He played Odin Quincannon in the first season (2016) of Preacher and The Terror in the first season (2016\u201318) of The Tick.", "Q709359": "Lucien Gaulard (16 July 1850 \u2013 26 November 1888) invented devices for the transmission of alternating current electrical energy.", "Q114635": "Max Heinrich Maurenbrecher (17 July 1874 \u2013 30 April 1929) was a German publicist, pastor and politician. He served as a pastor in the Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces until 1907. From 1909 to 1916 he preached for the free religious congregations in Nuremberg and Mannheim. In 1917 he rejoined the evangelical church and became a minister in Dresden.", "Q434060": "Nicole Garcia (born 22 April 1946) is a French actress, film director and screenwriter. Her film Charlie Says was entered into the 2006 Cannes Film Festival. Her film Going Away was screened in the Special Presentation section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival. She was the President of the Jury for the Cam\u00e9ra d'Or section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.Her eldest son, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric B\u00e9lier-Garcia, is a theatre director and writer. From her relationship with Jean Rochefort, she has a second son, the actor Pierre Rochefort.\n\n", "Q315587": "Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (c. 5 January 1928 \u2013 22 October 2011) (Arabic: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e), called Sultan al-Khair (Arabic: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u200e, Sultan the Good) in Saudi Arabia, was a member of the Saudi royal family. A son of King Abdulaziz (Ibn Saud), he was Saudi Defense minister from 1963 to his death in 2011 and the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia from 2005 to 2011.", "Q103349": "Carl Borrom\u00e4us Johann Baptist Muth (also Karl) (31 January 1867, Worms \u2013 15 November 1944, Bad Reichenhall) was a German writer publisher, best known for founding and editing the religious and cultural magazine Hochland.", "Q216924": "Glenn Herbert Gould (; 25 September 1932 \u2013 4 October 1982) was a Canadian pianist who became one of the best-known and most-celebrated classical pianists of the 20th century. He was renowned as an interpreter of the keyboard works of Johann Sebastian Bach. Gould's playing was distinguished by a remarkable technical proficiency and a capacity to articulate the contrapuntal texture of Bach's music.\nGould rejected most of the standard Romantic piano literature by Chopin, Liszt, and others, in favour of Bach and Beethoven mainly, along with some late-Romantic and modernist composers. Although his recordings were dominated by Bach and Beethoven, Gould's repertoire was diverse, including works by Mozart, Haydn, and Brahms; pre-Baroque composers such as Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck and Orlando Gibbons; and 20th-century composers including Paul Hindemith, Arnold Schoenberg, and Richard Strauss. Gould was known for his eccentricities, from his unorthodox musical interpretations and mannerisms at the keyboard to aspects of his lifestyle and behaviour. He stopped giving concerts at the age of 31 to concentrate on studio recording and other projects.\nGould was also a writer, broadcaster, composer and conductor. He was a prolific contributor to musical journals, in which he discussed music theory and outlined his musical philosophy. He performed on television and radio, and produced three musique concr\u00e8te radio documentaries called the Solitude Trilogy, about isolated areas of Canada.", "Q912348": "Brian Hodge is a prolific writer in a number of genres and subgenres, as well as an avid connoisseur of music. He lives in Boulder, Colorado, where he is working on his latest novel.\nBrian Hodge's novels are often dark in nature, containing themes such as self-sacrifice. He often explores unique belief systems in his stories.He has been nominated for numerous awards, and won the International Horror Guild Award for best short fiction.", "Q250971": "Young Goethe in Love (originally titled Goethe!) is a 2010 German historical drama film directed by Philipp St\u00f6lzl and starring Alexander Fehling, Miriam Stein, and Moritz Bleibtreu. It is a fictionalized version of the early years of the poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and the events forming the basis of his novel The Sorrows of Young Werther.", "Q1446181": "Hunter College is one of the constituent colleges of the City University of New York, a public university in New York City. The college offers studies in more than one hundred undergraduate and postgraduate fields across five schools. It also administers Hunter College High School and Hunter College Elementary School.Hunter was founded in 1870 as a women's college; it first admitted male freshmen in 1946. The main campus has been located on Park Avenue since 1873. In 1943, Eleanor Roosevelt dedicated Franklin Delano Roosevelt's and her former townhouse to the college; the building was reopened in 2010 as the Roosevelt House Public Policy Institute at Hunter College.", "Q540093": "Antonio de Torres Jurado (b. 13 June 1817 in Almer\u00eda, Andaluc\u00eda \u2013 d. 19 November 1892) was a Spanish guitarist and luthier, and \"the most important Spanish guitar maker of the 19th century.\"It is with his designs that the first recognisably modern classical guitars are to be seen. Most acoustic guitars in use today are derivatives of his designs.", "Q795616": "Vladimir \"Senjko\" \u0106opi\u0107 (8 March 1891 \u2013 19 April 1939) was a Croatian communist and leader of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia from April 1919 to August 1920. During the Spanish Civil War, in the period from 1937 to mid-1938, he was the commander of the XV International Brigade.Like General \"Gal\", he had been conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian army during World War I, and subsequently captured by the Russians. He was killed in Stalinist purges in 1939 along with many other leading Yugoslav communists. He was rehabilitated on June 10, 1958 by a decision of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union.His brother, Milan \u0106opi\u0107, was in the International Brigades' prison at Camp Luc\u00e1sz.\n\n", "Q595862": "God Forbid was an American heavy metal band formed in 1996 in East Brunswick, New Jersey. After releasing six full-length albums, the band announced its breakup in 2013.", "Q61522": "Markus Zusak (born 23 June 1975) is an Australian writer of German origin. He is best known for The Book Thief and The Messenger (US title: I Am the Messenger), two novels which became international bestsellers. He won the Margaret A. Edwards Award in 2014.", "Q454794": "Savik Shuster (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0438\u043a \u0428\u0443\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440, Ukrainian: \u0421\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0456\u043a \u0428\u0443\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440, born \u0160evelis \u0160usteris; November 22, 1952 in Vilnius) is a journalist and Ukrainian political TV shows anchor. He presented The Freedom By Savik Shuster and starting in 2005 Svoboda slova on ICTV. From December 2015 he produces and lead political talk shows on his independent 3S.tv, after he has been cancelled from several tycoon-owned TVs. In December 2016 3S.tv announced cease of activity and on 1 March 2017 the channel stopped broadcasting. According to official statement the reason thereof is business being no longer viable due to several litigations and corresponding financial constraints. All court cases were subsequently closed due to lack of substance. In 2019 Shuster came back to Ukraine as anchor of \"Svoboda Slova Savika Shustera\" at \"Ukraina\" TV channel.From 2001 till 2004 Shuster presented talk shows on the Russian NTV channel.Shuster holds Canadian and Italian citizenships.", "Q432411": "Sue Foley (born March 29, 1968) is a Canadian blues singer and guitarist.", "Q154211": "Eduard Douwes Dekker (2 March 1820 \u2013 19 February 1887), better known by his pen name Multatuli (from Latin multa tul\u012b, \"I have suffered much\"), was a Dutch writer best known for his satirical novel Max Havelaar (1860), which denounced the abuses of colonialism in the Dutch East Indies (today's Indonesia). He is considered one of the Netherlands' greatest authors.", "Q165972": "Fort Lauderdale () is a city in the U.S. state of Florida, 25 miles (40 km) north of Miami. It is the county seat of Broward County. As of the 2018 census, the city has an estimated population of 182,595. Fort Lauderdale is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,198,782 people in 2018.The city is a popular tourist destination, with an average year-round temperature of 75.5 \u00b0F (24.2 \u00b0C) and 3,000 hours of sunshine per year. Greater Fort Lauderdale, encompassing all of Broward County, hosted 13 million overnight visitors in 2018. There were over 560 hotels, and nearly 36,000 hotel rooms. From that, the county collected nearly $87 million from its 5% hotel development tax it charges. Additionally, 3.89 million cruise passengers passed through its Port Everglades, making it the 3rd largest cruise port in the world. Greater Fort Lauderdale has over 4,000 restaurants, 63 golf courses, 12 shopping malls, 16 museums, 132 nightclubs, 278 parkland campsites, and 100 marinas housing 45,000 resident yachts.Fort Lauderdale is named after a series of forts built by the United States during the Second Seminole War. The forts took their name from Major William Lauderdale (1782\u20131838), younger brother of Lieutenant Colonel James Lauderdale. William Lauderdale was the commander of the detachment of soldiers who built the first fort. Development of the city did not begin until 50 years after the forts were abandoned at the end of the conflict.\nThree forts named \"Fort Lauderdale\" were constructed: the first was at the fork of the New River, the second was at Tarpon Bend on the New River between the present-day Colee Hammock and Rio Vista neighborhoods, and the third was near the site of the Bahia Mar Marina.", "Q61244": "Jasmin Wagner ([jas\u02c8mi\u02d0n \u02c8va\u02d0\u0261n\u0250], now Jasmin Sippel, born 20 April 1980), better known as Bl\u00fcmchen [\u02c8bly\u02d0m\u00e7\u0259n], is a German pop and dance music singer, actress, model, spokeswoman and philanthropist. Although she releases her English albums under the name Blossom, her German stage name \"Bl\u00fcmchen\" actually translates to \"floret\" or \"small flower\".\n\n", "Q76738": "Athanasius Kircher (2 May 1602 \u2013 28 November 1680) was a German Jesuit scholar and polymath who published around 40 major works, most notably in the fields of comparative religion, geology, and medicine. Kircher has been compared to fellow Jesuit Roger Boscovich and to Leonardo da Vinci for his enormous range of interests, and has been honoured with the title \"Master of a Hundred Arts\". He taught for more than 40 years at the Roman College, where he set up a wunderkammer. A resurgence of interest in Kircher has occurred within the scholarly community in recent decades.\nKircher claimed to have deciphered the hieroglyphic writing of the ancient Egyptian language, but most of his assumptions and translations in this field were later found to be incorrect. He did, however, correctly establish the link between the ancient Egyptian and the Coptic languages, and some commentators regard him as the founder of Egyptology. Kircher was also fascinated with Sinology and wrote an encyclopedia of China, in which he noted the early presence there of Nestorian Christians while also attempting to establish links with Egypt and Christianity.\nKircher's work in geology included studies of volcanoes and fossils. One of the first people to observe microbes through a microscope, Kircher was ahead of his time in proposing that the plague was caused by an infectious microorganism and in suggesting effective measures to prevent the spread of the disease. Kircher also displayed a keen interest in technology and mechanical inventions; inventions attributed to him include a magnetic clock, various automatons and the first megaphone. The invention of the magic lantern is often misattributed to Kircher, although he did conduct a study of the principles involved in his Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae.\nA scientific star in his day, towards the end of his life he was eclipsed by the rationalism of Ren\u00e9 Descartes and others. In the late 20th century, however, the aesthetic qualities of his work again began to be appreciated. One modern scholar, Alan Cutler, described Kircher as \"a giant among seventeenth-century scholars\", and \"one of the last thinkers who could rightfully claim all knowledge as his domain\". Another scholar, Edward W. Schmidt, referred to Kircher as \"the last Renaissance man\". In A Man of Misconceptions, his 2012 book about Kircher, John Glassie writes that while \"many of Kircher's actual ideas today seem wildly off-base, if not simply bizarre,\" he was \"a champion of wonder, a man of awe-inspiring erudition and inventiveness,\" whose work was read \"by the smartest minds of the time.\"\n\n", "Q207197": "Gene Klein (born Chaim Witz on August 25, 1949), known professionally as Gene Simmons, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, entrepreneur, actor, author and television personality. Also known by his stage persona The Demon, he is the bassist and co-lead singer of Kiss, the rock band he co-founded with lead singer and rhythm guitarist Paul Stanley in the early 1970s. Simmons has a baritone singing voice which contrasts with Paul Stanley and Peter Criss' tenor voices.", "Q261212": "Cecilia Gabriela Vera Sandoval (Spanish pronunciation: [se\u02c8silja \u0263a\u02c8\u03b2\u027ejela ] born January 9, 1961) is a Mexican actress known best for her work in telenovelas. \nShe was born in Michoac\u00e1n\n\n", "Q943107": "Lowell Thomas Jr. (October 6, 1923 \u2013 October 1, 2016) was an American politician and film producer who collaborated with his father, the accomplished reporter and author Lowell Thomas, on several projects before becoming an Alaskan state senator in the early 1970s, and later the lieutenant governor of Alaska (1974\u20131978).\nIn the 1980s, he owned and operated Talkeetna Air Taxi, an Alaska bush flying service.", "Q67635": "Johannes Janssen (10 April 1829 \u2013 24 December 1891) was a Catholic priest and German historian born in Xanten. After graduating from the Rektoratsschule in Xanten (today's Stiftsgymnasium) he was educated at the universities of M\u00fcnster, Leuven, Bonn and Berlin, afterwards becoming a teacher of history in Frankfurt-am-Main.\nHe was ordained priest in 1860; became a member of the Prussian House of Deputies in 1875; and in 1880 was made domestic prelate to the pope and apostolic pronotary. He died at Frankfurt. Janssen was a stout champion of the Ultramontane party in the Roman Catholic Church.", "Q520001": "Samuel Peter W. Riley (born 8 January 1980) is an English actor and singer. He is best known for his performance in the 2007 biographical film Control about the life of Ian Curtis, as protagonist Sal Paradise in the 2012 adaptation of the Jack Kerouac novel On the Road, and as Diaval in the 2014 film Maleficent.", "Q104340": "Harold Clayton Lloyd Sr. (April 20, 1893 \u2013 March 8, 1971) was an American actor, comedian, and stunt performer who appeared in many silent comedy films.Lloyd is considered alongside Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton as one of the most influential film comedians of the silent film era. Lloyd made nearly 200 comedy films, both silent and \"talkies\", between 1914 and 1947. His bespectacled\n\"Glass\" character was a resourceful, success-seeking go-getter who matched the zeitgeist of the 1920s-era United States.\nHis films frequently contained \"thrill sequences\" of extended chase scenes and daredevil physical feats. Lloyd hanging from the hands of a clock high above the street (in reality a trick shot) in Safety Last! (1923) is considered one of the most enduring images in all of cinema. Lloyd performed the lesser stunts himself, despite having injured himself in August 1919 while doing publicity pictures for the Roach studio. An accident with a bomb mistaken as a prop resulted in the loss of the thumb and index finger of his right hand (the injury was disguised on future films with the use of a special prosthetic glove, and was almost undetectable on the screen).\nAlthough Lloyd's individual films were not as commercially successful as Chaplin's on average, he was far more prolific (releasing 12 feature films in the 1920s while Chaplin released just four), and made more money overall ($15.7 million to Chaplin's $10.5 million).", "Q77426": "Hinrich Lohse (2 September 1896 \u2013 25 February 1964) was a Nazi German politician and a convicted war criminal, best known for his rule of the Baltic states during World War II.", "Q85868": "Friedrich Salomon Krauss (7 October 1859, Po\u017eega, Kingdom of Hungary \u2013 29 May 1938, Vienna) was a Croatian Austrian Jewish sexologist, ethnographer, folklorist, and Slavist.", "Q14803": "Weiden in der Oberpfalz (official name: Weiden i.d.OPf.; Northern Bavarian: Weidn in da Owapfalz) is a district-free city in Bavaria, Germany. It is located 100 km (62 mi) east of Nuremberg and 35 km (22 mi) west of the Czech border. A branch of the German Army is located here.", "Q127599": "Charles Binam\u00e9 (born May 25, 1949) is a Quebec director. He was born in Belgium and came to Montreal with his family at a young age. He joined the National Film Board of Canada as an assistant director in 1971, but soon left for the private sector. During the 1970s, he mostly directed documentaries for Quebec television, and in the 1980s he directed over 200 television commercials, including some in England. When he returned to Canada in the early 1990s, he directed two of Quebec's most popular television series of all time, Blanche (the sequel to the series Les Filles de Caleb) and Marguerite Volant. The former won him seven Prix G\u00e9meaux and the FIPA d'Or at Cannes Film Festival for best drama series. Also in the 1990s Binam\u00e9 wrote and directed a trio of edgy urban dramas \u2013 Eldorado, Streetheart (Le Coeur au poing) and Pandora's Beauty (La Beaut\u00e9 de Pandore). His big-budget S\u00e9raphin: Heart of Stone (a remake of Un Homme et son p\u00e9ch\u00e9) was a huge box-office hit in Quebec in 2002, and in 2005 he directed The Rocket, a biography of hockey legend Maurice Richard, which earned him a Genie Award for best director.", "Q107649": "Christian Becker (born 1972, Krefeld) is a German film producer. He is the co-owner of Rat Pack Filmproduktion together with German major studio Constantin Film.", "Q63453": "Ursula Wyss (born 8 February 1973 in Davos) is a Swiss politician and economist. She represented the Canton of Bern in the Swiss National Council as member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP) from 6 December 1999 to 3 March 2013.", "Q205780": "Tenacious D is an American comedy rock duo, formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1994. It was founded by actors Jack Black and Kyle Gass, who were members of The Actors' Gang theater company at the time. The duo's name is derived from \"tenacious defense\", a phrase used by NBA basketball sportscaster Marv Albert.Prior to the release of Tenacious D's 2001 debut album Tenacious D, the duo had a three-episode TV series released on HBO, with the episodes broadcasting between 1997 and 2000. This series came about after the band had met David Cross on the Los Angeles music scene\u2014and Black featuring in episodes of Mr. Show with Bob and David. The band also befriended former Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl, and this would begin a working relationship between Foo Fighters and Tenacious D. Towards the end of the 1990s, the duo supported large rock acts such as Pearl Jam, Tool and Beck.In 2000 they signed with Epic Records, and the year after released Tenacious D, their debut album featuring a full band, including Grohl on the drums. The first single \"Tribute\" has since achieved cult-status, and made the band popular overseas, this being mainly the United Kingdom, Sweden, Ireland and Australia. In 2003, the band released The Complete Master Works, their first live concert DVD which achieved gold and platinum status by the RIAA.In November 2006, they starred in their own film Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny, released by New Line Cinema, with Epic Records releasing the soundtrack as their second album, The Pick of Destiny. The film cost $20 million to produce, though only grossed $13.9 million at the box office and suffered mixed reviews from critics. Despite the poor reception of the actual film, the band would near sell-out arenas on its respective tour, including Madison Square Garden in New York. Following several years of sporadic festival dates and special appearances, the band released their third album Rize of the Fenix on May 15, 2012 through Columbia Records, the album making light of The Pick of Destiny's commercial failure.In 2013, the band hosted comedy music festival, Festival Supreme in Los Angeles, which would go on to host three more editions. In 2014, the band were invited to feature on Ronnie James Dio \u2013 This Is Your Life, a compilation album where various artists cover Ronnie James Dio songs to raise funds for cancer. Their cover of \"The Last in Line\" won a Grammy for best heavy metal performance at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards. Following teases from Black and Gass regarding a second film, in late 2018, the band began independently releasing an animatic hand-drawn web series titled, Tenacious D in Post-Apocalypto, each of the six episodes uploading exclusively to YouTube every week starting from the 28th of September. Columbia Records released the album Post-Apocalypto on November 2, 2018, just after the release of the sixth episode.Tenacious D's music showcases Black's theatrical vocal delivery and Gass' acoustic guitar playing abilities. Critics have described their fusion of vulgar absurdist comedy with rock music as \"mock rock\". Their songs discuss the duo's purported musical and sexual prowess, as well as their friendship and cannabis usage in a style that music critics have compared with the storyteller-style lyrics of rock opera.", "Q62995": "Jens Lehmann (born 19 December 1967) is a German politician of the CDU and a former professional cyclist and double Olympic champion. Despite his many successes (including being part of the first team pursuit squad to break the 4-minute barrier for the 4,000-metre team pursuit), he will probably be remembered best as the person caught by Chris Boardman riding the revolutionary Lotus Superbike, in the final of the 1992 Olympic individual pursuit in Barcelona. Lehmann was World Champion at that time.\nIn the 2017 German federal election, he was elected as member of the Bundestag for Leipzig I.", "Q469415": "Heo Jeong (Korean: \ud5c8\uc815; Hanja: \u8a31\u653f; April 8, 1896 \u2013 September 18, 1988) was a South Korean politician and Korean independence activist, who served as the sixth Prime Minister of South Korea during the country's Second Republic.In 1960 he was an acting prime minister during the First South Korean Republic. In addition, he headed a caretaker government for a brief time following the 1960 April Revolution which overthrew the First Republic. Heo was also known by the nickname, \"Uyang\" (\uc6b0\uc591; \u53cb\u6d0b; literally \"friend of the seas\"), and an alternative name, Heo Sung-su (\ud5c8\uc131\uc218; \u8a31\u8056\u6d19).", "Q281480": "Lock Up is a 1989 American prison action film directed by John Flynn. It stars Sylvester Stallone, Donald Sutherland, Tom Sizemore, and John Amos. It was released in the United States on August 4, 1989.\nStallone later said it was \"Not a film that was produced and performed with enough maturity to really make a significant impact on the audience or my career. And that\u2019s the truth.\u201d \n\n", "Q23077": "Lancashire ( LANG-k\u0259-sh\u0259r, -\u2060sheer; abbreviated Lancs.) is a ceremonial county in North West England. The administrative centre is Preston. The county has a population of 1,449,300 and an area of 1,189 square miles (3,080 km2). People from Lancashire are known as Lancastrians.\nThe history of Lancashire begins with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book of 1086, some of its lands were treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay between the Ribble and Mersey, Inter Ripam et Mersam, was included in the returns for Cheshire. When its boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire, and Cheshire.\nLancashire emerged as a major commercial and industrial region during the Industrial Revolution. Liverpool and Manchester grew into its largest cities, with economies built around the docks and the cotton mills respectively. These cities dominated global trade and the birth of modern industrial capitalism. The county contained several mill towns and the collieries of the Lancashire Coalfield. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire. Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Burnley, Bury, Chorley, Colne, Darwen, Manchester, Nelson, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale and Wigan were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.\nThe historic county was subject to a significant boundary reform in 1974 which created the current ceremonial county and removed Liverpool and Manchester, and most of their surrounding conurbations to form the metropolitan and ceremonial counties of Merseyside and Greater Manchester. The detached northern part of Lancashire in the Lake District, including the Furness Peninsula and Cartmel, was merged with Cumberland and Westmorland to form Cumbria. Lancashire lost 709 square miles of land to other counties, about two fifths of its original area, although it did gain some land from the West Riding of Yorkshire.\nToday the ceremonial county borders Cumbria to the north, Greater Manchester and Merseyside to the south, and North and West Yorkshire to the east; with a coastline on the Irish Sea to the west. The county palatine boundaries remain the same as those of the pre-1974 county with Lancaster serving as the county town, and the Duke of Lancaster (i.e. the Queen) exercising sovereignty rights, including the appointment of lords lieutenant in Greater Manchester and Merseyside.", "Q119477": "Rudolf Sutermeister (May 7, 1802 \u2013 May 9, 1868) was a Swiss medical doctor for the poor. He was also a businessman, a manufacturer, an early socialist and a socio-political writer. He is considered one of the first native Swiss German socialists, together with Gustav Siegfried, Johann Jakob Treichler, and Karl B\u00fcrkli; however, unlike Siegfried, he is also considered a utopian.\n\n", "Q184226": "Gilles Deleuze (; French: [\u0292il d\u0259l\u00f8z]; 18 January 1925 \u2013 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher who, from the early 1950s until his death in 1995, wrote on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art. His most popular works were the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), both co-written with psychoanalyst F\u00e9lix Guattari. His metaphysical treatise Difference and Repetition (1968) is considered by many scholars to be his magnum opus. An important part of Deleuze's oeuvre is devoted to the reading of other philosophers: the Stoics, Leibniz, Hume, Kant, Nietzsche, and Bergson, with particular influence derived from Spinoza. A. W. Moore, citing Bernard Williams's criteria for a great thinker, ranks Deleuze among the \"greatest philosophers\". Although he once characterized himself as a \"pure metaphysician\", his work has influenced a variety of disciplines across the humanities, including philosophy, art, and literary theory, as well as movements such as post-structuralism and postmodernism.", "Q316930": "Dance music is music composed specifically to facilitate or accompany dancing. It can be either a whole musical piece or part of a larger musical arrangement. In terms of performance, the major categories are live dance music and recorded dance music. While there exist attestations of the combination of dance and music in ancient times (for example Ancient Greek vases sometimes show dancers accompanied by musicians), the earliest Western dance music that we can still reproduce with a degree of certainty are the surviving medieval dances. In the Baroque period, the major dance styles were noble court dances (see Baroque dance). In the classical music era, the minuet was frequently used as a third movement, although in this context it would not accompany any dancing. The waltz also arose later in the classical era. Both remained part of the romantic music period, which also saw the rise of various other nationalistic dance forms like the barcarolle, mazurka, ecossaise, ballade and polonaise.\nModern popular dance music initially emerged from late 19th century's Western ballroom and social dance music. During the early 20th century, ballroom dancing gained popularity among the working class who attended public dance halls. Dance music became enormously popular during the 1920s. In the 1930s, called the Swing era, Swing music was the popular dance music in America. In the 1950s, rock and roll became the popular dance music. The late 1960s saw the rise of soul and R&B music. The rise of disco in the early 1970s led to dance music becoming popular with the public. By the late 1970s, electronic dance music was developing. This music, made using electronics, is a style of popular music commonly played in nightclubs, radio stations, shows and raves. Many subgenres of electronic dance music have evolved.", "Q291693": "Anastasia Griffith (born 23 March 1978) is a British actress known for her roles on the FX legal drama Damages and the NBC medical series Trauma. She has also acted in films and a videogame.", "Q205958": "Simo Tapio Puupponen (23 October 1915 \u2013 11 October 1967), better known by the pen name Aapeli, was a Finnish writer and novelist. \nAapeli was born in Kuopio, and became a journalist for the Pohjois-Savo and Savon Sanomat newspapers. In 1959 Aapeli won the Eino Leino Prize and the State literature prize. He died, aged 51, in Helsinki. His novels were turned into films and plays after his death in the 1970s. In 1977 his historical novels of the Aika hyv\u00e4 ihmiseksi series were made into a feature film.", "Q257950": "Auguste-Jean-Marie Vermorel (21 June 1841 \u2013 20 June 1871) was a French journalist.", "Q805": "Yemen ( (listen); Arabic: \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u200e, romanized: al-Yaman), sometimes spelled Yaman, officially the Republic of Yemen (Arabic: \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0671\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f\u200e, romanized: al-Jumh\u016br\u012byah al-Yaman\u012byah, literally \"Yemeni Republic\"), is a country at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is the second-largest Arab sovereign state in the peninsula, occupying 527,970 square kilometres (203,850 square miles). The coastline stretches for about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 miles). It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Gulf of Aden and Guardafui Channel to the south, and Oman to the east. Yemen's territory encompasses more than 200 islands, including the Socotra islands in the Arabian Sea. Yemen is a member of the Arab League, United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Yemen is characterized as a failed state with high necessity of transformation.Yemen's constitutionally stated capital is the city of Sana'a, but the city has been under Houthi rebel control since February 2015. Yemen is a developing country and in 2019 the United Nations reported that Yemen is the country with the most people in need of humanitarian aid with 24.1 million people in need.In ancient times, Yemen was the home of the Sabaeans, a trading state that flourished for over a thousand years and included parts of modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea. In 275 CE, the region came under the rule of the later Jewish-influenced Himyarite Kingdom. Christianity arrived in the fourth century. Islam spread quickly in the seventh century and Yemenite troops were crucial in the early Islamic conquests. The administration of Yemen has long been notoriously difficult. Several dynasties emerged from the ninth to 16th centuries, the Rasulid dynasty being the strongest and most prosperous. The country was divided between the Ottoman and British empires in the early twentieth century. The Zaydi Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen was established after World War I in North Yemen before the creation of the Yemen Arab Republic in 1962. South Yemen remained a British protectorate known as the Aden Protectorate until 1967 when it became an independent state and later, a Marxist-Leninist state. The two Yemeni states united to form the modern Republic of Yemen (al-Jumh\u016br\u012byah al-Yaman\u012byah) in 1990. President Ali Abdullah Saleh was the first president of the new republic until his resignation in 2012. His rule has been described as a kleptocracy.Since 2011, Yemen has been in a state of political crisis starting with street protests against poverty, unemployment, corruption, and president Saleh's plan to amend Yemen's constitution and eliminate the presidential term limit, in effect making him president for life. President Saleh stepped down and the powers of the presidency were transferred to Vice President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, who was formally elected president on 21 February 2012 in a one-candidate election. The total absence of central government during this transition process exacerbated several clashes on-going in the country, like the armed conflict between the Houthi rebels of Ansar Allah militia and the al-Islah forces, as well as the al-Qaeda insurgency. In September 2014, the Houthis took over Sana'a with the help of the ousted president Saleh, later declaring themselves the national government after a coup d'\u00e9tat; Saleh was shot dead by a sniper in Sana'a in December 2017. This resulted in a new civil war and a Saudi-led military intervention aimed at restoring Hadi's government. At least 56,000 civilians and combatants have been killed in armed violence in Yemen since January 2016.The conflict has resulted in a famine affecting 17 million people. The lack of safe drinking water, caused by depleted aquifers and the destruction of the country's water infrastructure, has also caused the largest, fastest-spreading cholera outbreak in modern history, with the number of suspected cases exceeding 994,751. Over 2,226 people have died since the outbreak began to spread rapidly at the end of April 2017.\n\n", "Q57906": "Yangzhou, postal romanization Yangchow, is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu Province, China. Sitting on the north bank of the Yangtze, it borders the provincial capital Nanjing to the southwest, Huai'an to the north, Yancheng to the northeast, Taizhou to the east, and Zhenjiang across the river to the south. Its population was 4,414,681 at the 2010 census and its urban area is home to 2,146,980 inhabitants, including three urban districts, currently in the agglomeration.\nHistorically, Yangzhou was one of the wealthiest cities in China, known at various periods for its great merchant families, poets, artists, and scholars. Its name (lit. \"Rising Prefecture\") refers to its former position as the capital of the ancient Yangzhou prefecture in imperial China. Yangzhou was one of the first cities to benefit from one of the earliest world bank loans in China, used to construct Yangzhou thermal power station in 1994.\n\n", "Q708709": "S\u00e9bastien \u00c9rard (born Sebastian Erhard, 5 April 1752 \u2013 5 August 1831) was a French instrument maker of German origin who specialised in the production of pianos and harps, developing the capacities of both instruments and pioneering the modern piano.", "Q11953": "Guadalajara (, Spanish: [\u0261wa\u00f0ala\u02c8xa\u027ea] (listen)) is a city and municipality in Spain, located in the autonomous community of Castilla\u2013La Mancha. It is the capital of the Province of Guadalajara.\nLying on the central part of the Iberian Peninsula at roughly 685 meters (2,247 ft) metres above sea level, the city straddles the Henares River. As of 2018 it has a population of 86,222 which makes it the region's second most populated municipality.", "Q322465": "Lowell Fulson (March 31, 1921 \u2013 March 7, 1999) was an American blues guitarist and songwriter, in the West Coast blues tradition. He also recorded for contractual reasons as Lowell Fullsom and Lowell Fulsom. After T-Bone Walker, he was the most important figure in West Coast blues in the 1940s and 1950s.", "Q355835": "Mathieu Amalric (French pronunciation: [ma.tj\u00f8 a.mal.\u0281ik] (listen); born 25 October 1965) is a French actor and filmmaker. He is best known internationally for his performance as the lead villain in the James Bond film Quantum of Solace, his performance in Steven Spielberg's Munich, and for his role in The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, for which he drew critical acclaim. He has also won several C\u00e9sar Awards and the Lumi\u00e8res Award.", "Q7444356": "A gangster film or gangster movie is a film belonging to a genre that focuses on gangs and organized crime. It is a subgenre of crime film, that may involve large criminal organizations, or small gangs formed to perform a certain illegal act. The genre is differentiated from Westerns and the gangs of that genre.", "Q85840": "Peter Wilhelm Danckert (born 8 July 1940 in Berlin) is a German politician and member of the SPD.", "Q1535153": "A superhero film, superhero movie or superhero motion picture is a film that is focused on the actions of one or more superheroes: individuals who usually possess extraordinary - generally superhuman - abilities relative to a normal person and are dedicated to protecting the public. These films typically feature action, adventure, fantasy or science fiction elements, with the first film of a particular character often including a focus on the origin of their special powers and their first confrontation with their most famous supervillain or archenemy.\nMost superhero films are based on superhero comics. By contrast, several films such as the RoboCop series, The Meteor Man, the Unbreakable film series, The Incredibles, Hancock and They Call Me Jeeg are original for the screen, while The Green Hornet is based primarily on the original radio series and its 1960s television adaptation, both Underdog and The Powerpuff Girls are based on animated television series, and Japanese tokusatsu and anime superhero films are based on manga and television shows.\nBeginning in the 2000s, the superhero film has become a dominant form worldwide. The most notable and successful superhero films since the year 2000 are 20th Century Fox's X-Men franchise, Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy, Pixar's The Incredibles series, Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy, the films set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe starting with Iron Man and the films set in the DC Extended Universe starting with Man of Steel. This commercial dominance has largely been accompanied by positive critical notice for many of these films, which includes Academy Award recognition. Superhero films have been commercially successful in a wide variety of genres such as action, horror, fantasy, comedy etc.", "Q181376": "Grodno, or Hrodna (Belarusian: \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 [\u02c8\u0263r\u0254dna]; Russian: \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e, tr. Grodno, IPA: [\u02c8\u0261rodn\u0259]; Polish: Grodno; Yiddish: \u05d2\u05e8\u05d0\u05b8\u05d3\u05e0\u05e2\u200e, romanized: Grodne, see also other names) is a city in western Belarus. It is located on the Neman close to the borders of Poland and Lithuania (about 15 km (9 mi) and 30 km (19 mi) away respectively). It has 373,547 inhabitants (2019 census). It is the capital of Grodno Region and Grodno District.", "Q761967": "Joshua Strickland (born October 23, 1983) is an American singer and actor from Charleston, South Carolina. He graduated from high school at the Charleston County School of the Arts,where he studied vocal with Robin A.Rogers. He attended the College of Charleston, where he studied voice with Deanna McBroom. During 5th grade, Josh was \"discovered\" by teacher and Producer/Founder/CEO of The Charleston Youth Company, Chuck Long. He performed with this company for 8 years receiving drama, voice, and dance instruction. This company has been serving the talented students since 1978.\n\n", "Q195303": "Barfly is a 1987 American comedy drama film directed by Barbet Schroeder and starring Mickey Rourke and Faye Dunaway. The film is a semi-autobiography of poet/author Charles Bukowski during the time he spent drinking heavily in Los Angeles, and it presents Bukowski's alter ego Henry Chinaski. The screenplay, written by Bukowski, was commissioned by the French film director Barbet Schroeder, and it was published (with illustrations by the author) in 1984, when film production was still pending.The Kino Flo light, now a ubiquitous tool in the film industry, was specially created by Robby M\u00fcller's electrical crew for a scene in this film, which would have been difficult to light using the conventional lampheads available at the time.\nThe film was \"presented by\" Francis Ford Coppola, and features a silent cameo appearance by Bukowski himself. It was entered into the 1987 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q1246494": "Knox Chandler is a session guitarist and cellist. In the early to mid-1970s, Chandler attended the Hammonasset School and Bard College in the late 1970s. \nChandler worked with Depeche Mode, Lori Carson, The Golden Palominos, the Psychedelic Furs, Ultra Vivid Scene, Maggie Estep, the Creatures and R.E.M.. He was also the touring guitarist for Siouxsie and the Banshees in 1995 and in 2002 for the Seven Year Itch tour. He also toured with Cyndi Lauper and Lou Reed.Chandler collaborated with Dave Gahan on his solo album Paper Monsters, and played guitar during Gahan's 2003 Paper Monsters Tour in support of the album.He now lives in Berlin and is a teacher.", "Q232104": "Kerry Marisa Washington (born January 31, 1977) is an American actress. She gained wide public recognition for starring as Olivia Pope, a crisis management expert, in the ABC drama series Scandal (2012\u20132018). For her role, she received nominations for two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. Her portrayal of Anita Hill in the HBO television film Confirmation (2016), earned her another Primetime Emmy Award nomination.\nIn film, Washington is known for her roles as Della Bea Robinson in Ray (2004), as Kay in The Last King of Scotland (2006), as Alicia Masters in the live-action Fantastic Four films of 2005 and 2007, and as Broomhilda von Shaft in Quentin Tarantino's Django Unchained (2012). She has also starred in the independent films Our Song (2000), The Dead Girl (2006), Mother and Child (2009) and Night Catches Us (2010). \nTime magazine included Washington in its Time 100 list of 2014. In 2018, Forbes named her the eighth highest-paid television actress.", "Q185110": "Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov (Russian: \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432; 12 January 1903 \u2013 7 February 1960), was a Soviet nuclear physicist who is widely known as the director of the Soviet atomic bomb project. Along with Georgy Flyorov and Andrei Sakharov, Kurchatov is known as the \"father of the Soviet atomic bomb\" and, later, \"the father of the Soviet Nuclear Missile\" for his directorial role in a clandestine Soviet nuclear program formed during World War II in the wake of the USSR's discovery of the Western Allied efforts to develop nuclear weapons. After nine years of covert development, as well as Soviet spies successfully infiltrating the Manhattan Project, the Soviet Union successfully tested its first nuclear weapon, codenamed First Lightning at the Semipalatinsk Test Range in 1949. In 1954 he was awarded the USSR State Prize in physics.\nFrom 1940 onward, Kurchatov worked on and contributed to the advancement of the nuclear weapons program, and later advocated for the peaceful development of nuclear technology. In 1950, Kurchatov contributed in the development of the Hydrogen bomb with Andrei Sakharov who originated this development as Sakharov's Third Idea. Other projects completed under Kurchatov included the installation and development of Soviet Union's first particle accelerator, the Cyclotron; inauguration and establishment in Obninsk of the Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the world's first nuclear power plant; and the completion and launching of the Lenin, the first nuclear-powered surface vessel, under his leadership, in 1959.\n\n", "Q601739": "Johnnie James Wilder Jr. (July 3, 1949 \u2013 May 13, 2006) was the co-founder and lead vocalist of the international R&B/funk group Heatwave, who were popular during the late 1970s with hits such as \"Boogie Nights\", \"Mind Blowing Decisions\" (which Wilder wrote), \"Always and Forever\", and \"The Groove Line\", on which Wilder sang co-lead vocals.", "Q64314": "Obersaxen (Romansh: Sursaissa) is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Obersaxen and Mundaun merged to form the new municipality of Obersaxen Mundaun.", "Q309838": "Layne Thomas Staley (born Layne Rutherford Staley, August 22, 1967 \u2013 April 5, 2002) was an American musician best known as the original lead singer and co-songwriter of the rock band Alice in Chains, which rose to international fame in the early 1990s as part of Seattle's grunge movement, becoming known for Staley's distinct vocal style and tenor voice as well as the harmonized vocals between him and guitarist/vocalist Jerry Cantrell. Staley was also a member of the glam metal bands Sleze and Alice N' Chains, and the supergroups Mad Season and Class of '99.\nFrom mid-1996 onwards, Staley was out of the public spotlight, never to perform live again. He struggled for much of his adult life with depression and drug addiction, which resulted in his death from a speedball overdose at the age of 34 on April 5, 2002.\nStaley was ranked at No. 27 on Hit Parader's list of \"Heavy Metal's All-Time Top 100 Vocalists\" in 2006, and at No. 42 on Complex's magazine list of \"The 50 Best Lead Singers of All Time\" in 2012. The city of Seattle officially declared August 22, 2019, as \"Layne Staley Day.\"", "Q80938": "John Joseph Travolta (born February 18, 1954) is an American actor, singer and dancer. Travolta rose to fame during the 1970s, appearing on the television series Welcome Back, Kotter (1975\u20131979) and starring in the box office successes Saturday Night Fever (1977) and Grease (1978). His acting career declined through the 1980s, but enjoyed a resurgence in the 1990s with his role in Pulp Fiction (1994), and he has since starred in films such as Get Shorty (1995), Broken Arrow (1996), Face/Off (1997), Swordfish (2001), Be Cool (2005), Wild Hogs (2007), Hairspray (2007), Bolt (2008), and The Taking of Pelham 123 (2009).\nTravolta was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for performances in Saturday Night Fever and Pulp Fiction. He won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy for his performance in Get Shorty and has received a total of six nominations, the most recent being in 2011. In 2010, he received the IIFA Award for Outstanding Achievement in International Cinema. In 2016, Travolta received his first Primetime Emmy Award, as a producer of the first season of the anthology series American Crime Story, subtitled The People v. O. J. Simpson. He also received an additional Emmy nomination and a Golden Globe nomination for his portrayal of lawyer Robert Shapiro in the series.", "Q320272": "Don Estelle (22 May 1933 \u2013 2 August 2003) was a British actor and singer, best known as Gunner \"Lofty\" Sugden in It Ain't Half Hot Mum.", "Q366227": "Jean-Jacques Gautier (4 November 1908, Ess\u00f4mes-sur-Marne, Aisne \u2013 20 April 1986) was French theatre critic, novelist and essayist. A Norman via his father (a pharmacist in Dieppe) and a champenois via his mother, he was elected a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1972.", "Q712989": "Stein Eriksen (11 December 1927 \u2013 27 December 2015) was an alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist from Norway. Following his racing career, he was a ski school director and ambassador at various resorts in the United States.", "Q3375155": "Percival Farquhar (York, Pennsylvania, 1864 \u2014 New York City, August 4, 1953) was an American investor with extensive interests in Latin America and Russia.", "Q3568439": "William Blackwood (20 November 1776 \u2013 16 September 1834) was a Scottish publisher who founded the firm of William Blackwood and Sons.", "Q62765": "Georg Moritz Ebers (Berlin, 1 March 1837 \u2013 Tutzing, Bavaria, 7 August 1898) was a German Egyptologist and novelist. He is best known for his discovery of the Ebers Papyrus, one of the oldest medical documents in the world.", "Q679682": "Nagash or Lex Icon (real name Stian Andr\u00e9 Hinderson; born Stian Andr\u00e9 Arnesen, 7 May 1978) is a Norwegian black metal musician. He plays guitar, bass, drums, keyboards and does vocals.", "Q431656": "Hazel Scott (June 11, 1920 \u2013 October 2, 1981) was a Trinidadian-born jazz and classical pianist, singer and actor. She was an active and acclaimed performing artist from the 1930s till her death, and also portrayed herself in several films. As an outspoken critic of racial discrimination and segregation, she used her career and fame in the US to improve the representation of black Americans in film.Born in Port of Spain, Hazel was taken at the age of four by her mother to New York City. Recognized early as a musical prodigy, Scott was given scholarships from the age of eight to study at the Juilliard School. She began performing in a jazz band in her teens and was performing on radio at age 16.\nShe was prominent as a jazz singer throughout the 1930s and 1940s. In 1950, she became the first black American to host her own TV show, The Hazel Scott Show,. Her career in America faltered after she testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee during the McCarthy era. Scott subsequently moved to Paris in the late 1950s and began performing in Europe, not returning to the United States until 1967.", "Q668957": "George XII (Georgian: \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 XII, Giorgi XII), sometimes known as George XIII (November 10, 1746 \u2013 December 28, 1800), of the House of Bagrationi, was the second and last King of the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti (eastern Georgia) from 1798 until his death in 1800. His brief reign in the closing years of the 18th century was marked by significant political instability, which implied the near certainty of a civil strife and a Persian invasion. Weakened by poor health and overwhelmed by problems in his realm, George renewed a request of protection from Tsar Paul I of Russia. After his death, Imperial Russia took advantage of the moment and moved to annex the Georgian kingdoms, while sending the remnants of the Georgian royal family into forced exile in Russia.", "Q81398": "Acapulco de Ju\u00e1rez (Spanish: [aka\u02c8pulko \u00f0e \u02c8xwa\u027ees] (listen)), commonly called Acapulco ( AK-\u0259-PUUL-koh, also US: AHK-), is a city, municipality and major seaport in the state of Guerrero on the Pacific coast of Mexico, 380 kilometres (240 mi) south of Mexico City. Acapulco is located on a deep, semicircular bay and has been a port since the early colonial period of Mexico's history. It is a port of call for shipping and cruise lines running between Panama and San Francisco, California, United States. The city of Acapulco is the largest in the state, far larger than the state capital Chilpancingo. Acapulco is also Mexico's largest beach and balneario resort city.The city is one of Mexico's oldest beach resorts, which came into prominence in the 1940s through the 1960s as a getaway for Hollywood stars and millionaires. Acapulco was once a popular tourist resort, but due to a massive upsurge in gang violence and murder since 2014 it no longer attracts many foreign tourists, and most now only come from Mexico itself. It is both the second deadliest city in Mexico and the second-deadliest city in the world, and the US government has warned its citizens not to travel there. In 2016 there were 918 murders, and the homicide rate was one of the highest in the world: 103 in every 100,000. In September 2018 the city's entire police force was disarmed by the military, due to suspicions that it has been infiltrated by drug gangs.The resort area is divided into three parts: The north end of the bay and beyond is the \"traditional\" area, which encompasses the area from Parque Papagayo through the Z\u00f3calo and onto the beaches of Caleta and Caletilla, the main part of the bay known as \"Zona Dorada\" ('golden zone' in Spanish), where the famous in the mid-20th century vacationed, and the south end, \"Diamante\" ('diamond' in Spanish), which is dominated by newer luxury high-rise hotels and condominiums.\nThe name \"Acapulco\" comes from Nahuatl language Aca-p\u014dl-co, and means \"where the reeds were destroyed or washed away\". The \"de Ju\u00e1rez\" was added to the official name in 1885 to honor Benito Ju\u00e1rez, former President of Mexico (1806\u20131872). The seal for the city shows broken reeds or cane. The island and municipality of Capul, in the Philippines, derives its name from Acapulco; Capul. Acapulco was the eastern end of the trans-Pacific sailing route from Acapulco to Manila, in what was then a Spanish colony.", "Q1538311": "Travancore-Cochin or Thiru-Kochi was a short-lived state of India (1949\u20131956). It was originally called United State of Travancore and Cochin and was created on 1 July 1949 by the merger of two former kingdoms, Travancore and Cochin with Thiruvananthapuram as the capital. It was renamed State of Travancore-Cochin in January 1950.\n\n", "Q379461": "Antonio Sab\u00e0to Jr. (born February 29, 1972) is an Italian-American former model, actor, and politician. Sab\u00e0to first found fame in the 1990s as an underwear model for Calvin Klein and playing Jagger Cates on the soap opera General Hospital from 1992 to 1995. By the early 2000s, most of his acting credits were guest appearances, reality television, and budget films. Sab\u00e0to ran unsuccessfully as the Republican candidate for U.S. Congress against incumbent Democratic Congresswoman Julia Brownley for California's 26th district in the 2018 elections.", "Q87931": "Franz Antel (28 June 1913 \u2013 11 August 2007) was a veteran Austrian filmmaker.\nBorn in Vienna, Antel worked mainly as a film producer in the interwar years. After World War II, he began writing and directing films on a large scale. In the late 1940s, 1950s and 1960s these were mainly comedies (romantic, slapstick, and/or musical) and K.u.k. films all of which, for Austrian and German TV stations alike, have been a staple of weekend afternoon programming ever since. In between there is quite a sober film about the Oberst (Colonel) Redl affair that shook the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy on the eve of World War I. Antel himself later commented on this period, \"I always wanted to provide good entertainment for the people at the cinema. After the screening, people should say: Well now, I am in a good mood, I will go out and have a glass of wine.\" (German original: \"Ich wollte die Leute im Kino immer gut unterhalten. Die Besucher sollten nach der Filmvorf\u00fchrung sagen: So, jetzt bin ich gut aufgelegt, jetzt geh ich auf ein Viertel Wein.\")From the late 1960s, encouraged by the new opportunities in the film industry brought about by the sexual revolution, Antel gradually switched his main interest to soft porn and ribaldry. It was in particular his series of Frau Wirtin (\"hostess\") films, directed under the pseudonym Fran\u00e7ois Legrand, with which he tried to win international recognition. Titles included The Sweet Sins of Sexy Susan (1967), Sexy Susan Sins Again (1968), Wild, Willing & Sexy (1969) and Don't Tell Daddy (aka Naughty Nymphs in the U.S.A.) (1972).\nAntel would recount an anecdote about himself describing how, in order to live up to his reputation as a womanizer, he used to carry a pair of high heels in his luggage which he then would occasionally place in the corridor in front of his hotel room \u2013 especially when he was travelling alone.\nAmong the best known actors Antel had worked with from the 1940s to the 1970s were Hans Moser, Paul H\u00f6rbiger, Oskar Werner, Curd J\u00fcrgens, Tony Curtis, Herbert Fux, Heinrich Schweiger, Arthur Kennedy, Carroll Baker, Edwige Fenech, George Hilton, Marisa Berenson, Britt Ekland, Andr\u00e9a Ferr\u00e9ol.\n1981 was a turning point in Antel's career when he adapted for the big screen a stage play by Ulrich Becher and Peter Preses. Set from the days of the Anschluss of 1938 until after the end of the war, Der Bockerer is about a Viennese butcher named Karl Bockerer (Karl Merkatz) whose common sense rather than intellect tells him to oppose the Nazis and who dares to show resistance just because he is never fully aware of the possible fateful consequences of his actions. While Bockerer and his wife survive the war unscathed, their son joins the SA but, after some internal intrigue, is sent to the front and killed. The film was entered into the 12th Moscow International Film Festival.The film's strong anti-fascist message, the moving dialogue, and performances by the cr\u00e8me de la cr\u00e8me of Austrian actors and actresses (Ida Krottendorf, Alfred B\u00f6hm, Heinz Marecek, Hans Holt, Dolores Schmidinger and many more) made Der Bockerer an unusually successful film and gave new impetus to Antel's career. He made three sequels, which follow the lives of the Bockerers well into the 1960s, each depicting a crucial historical event in Austria or one of its neighbouring countries:\n\nDer Bockerer II (1996) is about the ten-year occupation (1945-1955) of Austria by the allied powers;\nDer Bockerer III \u2014 Die Br\u00fccke von Andau (2000) is set at the time of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution; and, finally,\nDer Bockerer IV \u2014 Der Prager Fr\u00fchling (2003) deals with the historical event of Alexander Dub\u010dek's Prague Spring in 1968.", "Q111765": "Lydia Alfonsi (born 28 April 1928) is a former Italian actress.", "Q458186": "Alberto Gerchunoff (January 1, 1883 \u2013 March 2, 1950), was an Argentine writer born in the Russian Empire, in the city of Proskuriv, now Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine.", "Q3518860": "Terror Squad is a hip hop record label founded by Fat Joe in The Bronx (New York). The label had been distributed by Atlantic, EMI, and Imperial, E1 (formerly Koch). Most recently, Fat Joe was granted distribution for Terror Squad releases through EMPIRE.\n\n", "Q119339": "Vedat Ali Dalokay (November 10, 1927 \u2013 March 21, 1991) was a renowned Turkish architect and a former mayor of Ankara.", "Q320514": "Lancaster ( LANG-k\u0259-st\u0259r) is a city located in South Central Pennsylvania which serves as the seat of Pennsylvania's Lancaster County and one of the oldest inland towns in the United States. With a population of 59,322, it ranks eighth in population among Pennsylvania's cities. The Lancaster metropolitan area population is 507,766, making it the 101st largest metropolitan area in the U.S. and second largest in the South Central Pennsylvania area.The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster hosts more electronic public CCTV outdoor cameras per capita than cities such as Boston or San Francisco, despite controversy among residents. Lancaster was home to James Buchanan, the nation's 15th president, and to congressman and abolitionist Thaddeus Stevens.", "Q370323": "Jan Axel Blomberg (born August 2, 1969) is a Norwegian heavy metal drummer, known professionally as Hellhammer. He is best known as the drummer of Mayhem, which he joined in 1988. In 1987 Blomberg formed the avant-garde black metal band Arcturus (under the name Mortem) with Steinar Sverd Johnsen, which broke up in April 2007 and reunited in 2011. He named himself after the Swiss extreme metal band Hellhammer. Praised as a talented musician, Blomberg is a three-time winner of the Spellemannprisen award.", "Q185676": "Fado (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8fa\u00f0u]; \"destiny, fate\") is a music genre that can be traced to the 1820s in Lisbon, Portugal, but probably has much earlier origins. Fado historian and scholar Rui Vieira Nery states that \"the only reliable information on the history of Fado was orally transmitted and goes back to the 1820s and 1830s at best. But even that information was frequently modified within the generational transmission process that made it reach us today.\"Although the origins are difficult to trace, today fado is commonly regarded as simply a form of song which can be about anything, but must follow a certain traditional structure. In popular belief, fado is a form of music characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor, and infused with a sentiment of resignation, fate and melancholia. This is loosely captured by the Portuguese word saudade, or longing, symbolizing a feeling of loss (a permanent, irreparable loss and its consequent lifelong damage). This is similar to the character of several musical genres in Portuguese ex-colonies such as morna from Cape Verde, which may be historically linked to fado in its earlier form but has retained its rhythmic heritage. This connection to the music of a historic Portuguese urban and maritime proletariat (sailors, bohemians, dock workers, port traders, fishwives and other working-class people, in general) can also be found in Brazilian modinha and Indonesian kroncong, although all these music genres subsequently developed their own independent traditions.\nFamous singers of fado include Am\u00e1lia Rodrigues, Dulce Pontes, Carlos do Carmo, Mariza, Mafalda Arnauth, Ant\u00f3nio Zambujo, Ana Moura, Caman\u00e9, Helder Moutinho, Carminho, M\u00edsia, Cristina Branco, Gisela Jo\u00e3o and Katia Guerreiro. On 27 November 2011, fado was added to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. It is one of two Portuguese music traditions part of the lists, the other being Cante Alentejano.", "Q524529": "Knut Gunnar Johanson (13 November 1909 \u2013 26 May 1986) was a Swedish actor known for his frequent work with writer and director Ingmar Bergman.", "Q339045": "The Big Picture is 1989 American comedy film starring Kevin Bacon and directed by Christopher Guest.\n\n", "Q2465220": "Putney () is a district in southwest London, England in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is centred 6.1 miles (9.8 km) southwest of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.", "Q253288": "Anne C\u00e9cile Desclos (23 September 1907 \u2013 27 April 1998) was a French journalist and novelist who wrote under the pseudonyms Dominique Aury and Pauline R\u00e9age, and is best known for her erotic novel Histoire d'O (Story of O).", "Q1390978": "Kent E. Hovind (born January 15, 1953) is an American Christian fundamentalist evangelist and tax protester. He is a controversial figure in the Young Earth creationist movement whose ministry focuses on denial of scientific theories in the fields of biology (evolution), geophysics, and cosmology in favor of a literalist interpretation of the Genesis creation narrative found in the Bible. Hovind's views, which combine elements of creation science and conspiracy theory, are dismissed by the scientific community as fringe theory and pseudo-scholarship. He is controversial within the Young Earth Creationist movement, and Answers in Genesis openly criticized him for continued use of discredited arguments abandoned by others in the movement.\nHovind established Creation Science Evangelism (CSE) in 1989 and Dinosaur Adventure Land in 2001 in Pensacola, Florida. He frequently spoke on Young Earth creationism in schools, churches, debates, and on radio and television broadcasts. His son Eric Hovind took over operation of CSE after Hovind began serving a ten-year prison sentence in January 2007 for federal convictions for failing to pay taxes, obstructing federal agents, and structuring cash transactions.", "Q943891": "Eric Haydock (born Eric John Haddock; 3 February 1943 \u2013 5 January 2019) was a British musician, best known as the original bass guitarist of The Hollies from December 1962 until July 1966. He was one of the first British musicians to play a Fender Bass VI, a six-string bass. Although considered a great bass guitarist, he was replaced in 1966 by Bernie Calvert, after disputes related to the conduct of the band's managers.", "Q181410": "The Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia (English: National Academy of St Cecilia) is one of the oldest musical institutions in the world, founded by the papal bull Ratione congruit, issued by Sixtus V in 1585, which invoked two saints prominent in Western musical history: Gregory the Great, for whom the Gregorian chant is named, and Saint Cecilia, the patron saint of music. Since 2005 it has been headquartered at the Renzo Piano designed Parco della Musica in Rome.\nIt was founded as a \"congregation\", or \"confraternity\", and over the centuries has grown from a forum for local musicians and composers to an internationally acclaimed academy active in music scholarship (with 100 prominent music scholars forming the body of the Accademia), music education (in its role as a conservatory) and performance (with an active choir and a symphony orchestra, the Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia). The list of alumni of the associated conservatory (which in 1919 succeeded a liceo) includes many noted composers and performers.", "Q155127": "Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna af S\u00f6derm\u00f6re (Swedish: [\u02c8\u01ceks\u025bl \u02c8\u028a\u0302ks\u025bn\u02cc\u0267\u00e6\u02d0\u0273a] (listen); 1583\u20131654), Count of S\u00f6derm\u00f6re, was a Swedish statesman. He became a member of the Swedish Privy Council in 1609 and served as Lord High Chancellor of Sweden from 1612 until his death. He was a confidant of first Gustavus Adolphus and then Queen Christina.Oxenstierna is widely considered one of the most influential people in Swedish history. He played an important role during the Thirty Years' War and was appointed Governor-General of occupied Prussia; he is also credited for having laid the foundations of the modern central administrative structure of the State, including the creation of counties (Swedish: l\u00e4n).\n\n", "Q241854": "Helena Mattsson (born 30 March 1984) is a Swedish actress living and working in Hollywood.", "Q605239": "Veran Mati\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u045b; born in 1962) is a Serbian media manager who is best known for being the CEO of RTV B92 from its establishment in 1989 until 2019.\nHe is also the Chairman of the Commission for investigating killings of journalists established in February 2013 on his initiative and supported by the Government of Serbia.In 1993, he was awarded a CPJ International Press Freedom Award by the US-based Committee to Protect Journalists, and in 2000, the Austria-based International Press Institute named him one of its fifty World Press Freedom Heroes of the last fifty years.", "Q322303": "Kim Maiden Simmonds (born 5 December 1947) is a Welsh guitarist and is the leader and founder member of the blues rock band Savoy Brown.", "Q16782": "Buried is a 2010 English-language Spanish psychological thriller film directed by Rodrigo Cort\u00e9s. It stars Ryan Reynolds and was written by Chris Sparling.\nThe story is about Iraq-based American civilian truck driver Paul Conroy (Ryan Reynolds), who, after being attacked, finds himself buried alive in a wooden coffin, with only a lighter, flask, flashlight, knife, glowsticks, pen, pencil, and a mobile phone. Since its premiere at the Sundance Film Festival, the film has received a positive critical reception.", "Q70407": "Hermann Otto Solms (born Hermann Otto Prinz zu Solms-Hohensolms-Lich, on 24 November 1940) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP).\nBetween 1980 and 2013 he has been member of the Bundestag, from 1991 to 1998 as Chairman of the FDP parliamentary party and from 1998 to 2013 as Vice President of the Bundestag. Since 2017 he has again been member of the Bundestag.", "Q68248": "Grenchen (French: Granges) is a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.\nIt is located at the foot of the Jura mountains between Solothurn and Biel, approximately 25 km (16 mi) north of Bern. With over 16,000 inhabitants, it is one of the larger towns of the canton of Solothurn. The city is well known for its watch industry, that has been present for more than 150 years.\nGrenchen is the 2008 winner of the Wakker Prize for architectural heritage.\nJura-Sternwarte Grenchen is located at Grenchen.", "Q173686": "Jack Turner (February 12, 1920 Seattle, Washington \u2013 September 12, 2004 Renton, Washington) was an American racecar driver. He was nicknamed \"Cactus Jack.\"\n\n", "Q69156": "Bargen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. The northernmost point of the country is situated in the municipality, at Oberbargen.", "Q768943": "Jean-Charles Houzeau de Lehaie (October 7, 1820 \u2013 July 12, 1888) was a Belgian astronomer and journalist. He moved to New Orleans after getting in trouble for his politics in Belgium. In the U.S. he continued his journalistic, astronomical, and political pursuits. He was an abolitionist and joined with unionists before the war in Texas. He worked with Louis Charles Roudanez at a newspaper in New Orleans, before living in Jamaica for a while, receiving reinstatement from an observatory in Brussels and returning to Europe. He came back to Texas for an astronomical event. He published stirring accounts of his adventures and contacts during his travels as well as several works on astronomical subjects.", "Q197272": "Zhang Qingwei (Chinese: \u5f20\u5e86\u4f1f; born 7 November 1961) is a Chinese politician, business executive, and aerospace engineer. He is the Communist Party Secretary of Heilongjiang, former Governor of Hebei, and former chairman of the Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND). Prior to his government career he was president of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) and chairman of Comac, an aerospace manufacturer.Zhang was well known for his work for military contractors, and headed the team that designed and constructed the Xian JH-7 \"flying leopard\" combat aircraft. He was also the deputy leader of the project to send a Chinese man into space, and the leader of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, Chang'e 1. In 2009, Zhang was named one of China's 40 most powerful people by BusinessWeek.\n\n", "Q558838": "Nestor Alexandrovich Kotlyarevsky (\u041d\u0435\u2032\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u2032\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0435\u2032\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 February 2, 1863, Moscow, Russian Empire, - May 12, 1925, Leningrad, USSR) was a Russian author, publicist, literary critic and historian. A high-profile scholar and a Russian academy honorary member (since 1906), Kotlyarevsky taught the history of literature in the Moscow University, a series of his lectures served later as a foundation for one of his best known works, The Nineteenth Century (1921). Kotlyarevsky also went down in history as the first director of the Pushkin House (1910).", "Q241840": "Carry On Cruising is a 1962 British comedy film, the sixth in the series of 31 Carry On films (1958\u20131992). It was based on an original story by Eric Barker. P&O \u2013 Orient Lines were thanked in the credits. Regulars Sid James, Kenneth Williams and Kenneth Connor appear in the movie whereas Joan Sims and Charles Hawtrey do not. Sims took ill shortly before filming began and was replaced by Dilys Laye, making her Carry On debut, at four days' notice. Hawtrey was dropped for demanding star billing, but returned for the next entry, making this the only entry during Hawtrey's 23-film run which he missed. Sims returned two years later in Carry On Cleo. Liz Fraser notches up the second of her four appearances here. Lance Percival makes his only appearance in the series in Carry On Cruising, playing the ship's chef, the role originally designated for Hawtrey. The Australian actor Vincent Ball also makes his first, of two, Carry On appearances.\n\n", "Q364342": "Darryl Francis Zanuck (September 5, 1902 \u2013 December 22, 1979) was an American film producer and studio executive; he earlier contributed stories for films starting in the silent era. He played a major part in the Hollywood studio system as one of its longest survivors (the length of his career was rivaled only by that of Adolph Zukor). He earned three Academy Awards as producer for Best Picture during his tenure, but was responsible for many more.", "Q240586": "Cassidy Freeman (born April 22, 1982) is an American actress and musician. She is known for her role as Tess Mercer in The CW's superhero drama Smallville and Cady Longmire in Longmire.", "Q726386": "Juan Francisco Antonio Hilari\u00f3n Zea D\u00edaz (23 November 1766 \u2013 28 November 1822) was a Colombian journalist, botanist, diplomat, politician, and statesman who served as Vice President of Colombia under then President Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar. He was also Ambassador of Colombia to the United Kingdom where he tried in vain to gain recognition for the nascent nation of Colombia.", "Q454970": "Samantha Jane Power (born September 21, 1970) is an Irish-American academic, and Pulitzer Prize-winning author who served as the 28th United States Ambassador to the United Nations from 2013 to 2017. She is a member of the Democratic Party.\nPower began her career as a war correspondent covering the Yugoslav Wars before embarking on an academic career. In 1998, she became the Founding Executive Director of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School, where she later served first Anna Lindh Professor of Practice of Global Leadership and Public Policy until 2009. She was a senior adviser to Senator Barack Obama until March 2008, when she resigned from his presidential campaign after apologizing for referring to then-Senator Hillary Clinton as \"a monster.\"Power joined the Obama State Department transition team in late November 2008. She served as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Multilateral Affairs and Human Rights on the National Security Council from January 2009 to February 2013. In April 2012, Obama chose her to chair a newly formed Atrocities Prevention Board. As U.N. ambassador, Power's office focused on such issues as United Nations reform, women's rights and LGBT rights, religious freedom and religious minorities, refugees, human trafficking, human rights, and democracy, including in the Middle East and North Africa, Sudan, and Myanmar. She is considered to have been a key figure in the Obama administration in persuading the president to intervene militarily in Libya. In 2016, she was listed as the 41st-most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.Power is a subject of the 2014 documentary Watchers of the Sky, which explains the contribution of several notable people, including Power, to the cause of genocide prevention. She won a Pulitzer Prize in 2003 for her book A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide, a study of the U.S. foreign policy response to genocide. She has also been awarded the 2015 Barnard Medal of Distinction and the 2016 Henry A. Kissinger Prize.", "Q66271": "Eichberg is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q124912": "Dan Zerfa\u00df (born 1968) is a German classical organist, the cantor at the Worms Cathedral and academic teacher.\n\n", "Q779682": "Ausonio Franchi (real name Cristoforo Bonavino) (24 February 1821, at Pegli, province of Genoa \u2013 12 September 1895, at Genoa) was an Italian philosopher and editor.", "Q568723": "MASSIVE (Multiple Agent Simulation System in Virtual Environment) is a high-end computer animation and artificial intelligence software package used for generating crowd-related visual effects for film and television.", "Q486836": "Kim Sung-soo (born May 23, 1973) is a South Korean actor and television host. After beginning his career as a fashion model, Kim made his acting debut in the tokusatsu series Vectorman and the erotic film The Sweet Sex and Love. He has since appeared in the movies The Red Shoes and R2B: Return to Base, and several television series, including Full House, My Precious You, More Charming by the Day and My Lover, Madame Butterfly. In 2009 he made his stage debut in the play Mom, Do You Want to Go on a Trip?More recently, Kim has expanded his career to variety shows. He was a regular on the popular reality show Invincible Baseball Team, and was the host of talk show Win Win in 2010. He also hosted several programs on cable, including fashion program Homme, bowling show Lucky Strike 300 and food show Noodle Myeongga.", "Q3129686": "Uzana (Burmese: \u1025\u1007\u1014\u102c, pronounced [\u0294\u1e75z\u0259n\u00e0]; also known as Sithu III; 1213\u20131256) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1251 to 1256. He assumed the regnal name \"\u015ar\u012b Tribhuvan\u0101ditya Dhammar\u0101jajayas\u016bra\" (\u1050\u103c\u102e\u1010\u103c\u102d\u1018\u102f\u101d\u1014\u102c\u1012\u102d\u1010\u103b\u1013\u1019\u1039\u1019\u101b\u102c\u1007\u1007\u101a\u101e\u1030\u101b).Although his actual reign lasted only five years, Uzana was essentially the power behind the throne during his predecessor Kyaswa's reign, 1235\u20131251. Kyaswa, a devout Buddhist and scholar, had given Uzana full royal authority to govern the kingdom to the business of governing the country. However Uzana reportedly cared more about chasing elephants, and drinking liquor than governing during his father's or his reign. As king, he left the task of governing to his chief minister Yazathingyan. The king was accidentally killed at Dala (modern Twante) in May 1256 while hunting elephants.His death was followed by a brief power struggle for the throne. His eldest son, Thihathu, claimed the throne but was pushed aside by the court led by Yazathingyan, who placed the other son by a concubine, Narathihapate, on the throne by November 1256.", "Q105704": "Count Louis of Stolberg (12 January 1505 in Stolberg \u2013 1 September 1574 in Wertheim) was a German nobleman. He ruled Eppstein-K\u00f6nigstein from 1535 until his death.", "Q542860": "Fearne Wood (born 3 September 1981), known professionally by her maiden name Fearne Cotton, is an English television and radio presenter. She has presented television programmes such as Top of the Pops and the Red Nose Day telethons.\nIn 2007, she became the first regular female presenter of the Radio 1 Chart Show, which she co-hosted with Reggie Yates for two years. She went on to present her own Radio 1 show, airing every weekday morning from 2009 to 2015.\nIn 2007, Cotton presented The Xtra Factor, an ITV2 spin-off from the main show. She hosted the show for one year before being replaced by Holly Willoughby for the following series. From 2008 to 2018, Cotton appeared as a team captain on the ITV2 comedy panel show Celebrity Juice alongside host Keith Lemon and fellow team captain Holly Willoughby. She quit the series in December 2018 to pursue other projects.In 2018, Cotton began presenting Happy Place, a podcast available to online streaming platforms.", "Q3809328": "John Henry Anderson (1814\u20131874) was a Scottish professional magician. Anderson is credited with helping bring the art of magic from street performances into theatres and presenting magic performances to entertain and delight the audience.", "Q7636778": "Sultana bint Abdulaziz (c. 1928 \u2013 7 July 2008) was a member of the House of Saud.", "Q608709": "Harry Joseph Lennix III (born November 16, 1964) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Terrence \"Dresser\" Williams in the Robert Townsend film The Five Heartbeats (1991) and as Boyd Langton in the Joss Whedon television series Dollhouse. Lennix currently co-stars as Harold Cooper, Assistant Director of the FBI Counterterrorism Division, on the NBC drama The Blacklist. Lennix played General and then Secretary of Defense Calvin Swanwick in the DC Extended Universe.", "Q376746": "Joachim Stanis\u0142aw Brudzi\u0144ski (born 4 February 1968 in \u015awierklaniec) is a Polish conservative politician. He was elected (first time) to the Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 14,731 votes in 41 Szczecin district as a candidate from the Prawo i Sprawiedliwo\u015b\u0107 (Law and Justice) list. Brudzi\u0144ski graduated from the political sciences faculty of the University of Szczecin. Sailor, journalist and PhD student of the University of Pozna\u0144. Presently president of executive committee (earlier secretary general) of the ruling party Law and Justice, he is well known for his \"down to earth\" and family oriented perspectives of global politics.In 2018, Brudzi\u0144ski joined the Polish cabinet as the Minister of the Interior after Mariusz B\u0142aszczak, the previous Interior Minister, became the Minister of National Defence. He is a Member of the European Parliament.\nBrudzi\u0144ski is married with two daughters and a son.", "Q87925": "Anna Kim (born September 10, 1977) is an Austrian writer.", "Q234207": "Natasha Bianca Lyonne Braunstein (; born April 4, 1979) is an American actress and television director. She is best known for her portrayal of Nicky Nichols in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black (2013\u20132019), for which she received an Emmy Award nomination in 2014, and for her role as Jessica in the American Pie film series (1999\u20132012). She is also a co-creator, executive producer, and writer for the 2019 Netflix series Russian Doll, on which she plays the lead role of Nadia Vulvokov. Lyonne was nominated for a second Emmy Award for the role in 2019. \nLyonne has appeared in over 50 films, including Everyone Says I Love You (1996), Slums of Beverly Hills (1998), Detroit Rock City, But I'm a Cheerleader (both 1999), Scary Movie 2, The Grey Zone, Kate & Leopold (all 2001), Party Monster, Die Mommie Die! (both 2003), Blade: Trinity (2004), Robots (2005), All About Evil (2010), Sleeping with Other People, Hello My Name Is Doris, Addicted to Fresno (all 2015), Yoga Hosers, Antibirth, The Intervention (all 2016), and Show Dogs (2018).\n\n", "Q130967": "Ricardo Leoncio El\u00edas Arias (12 September 1874 in Pisco, Peru \u2013 20 March 1951 in Lima, Peru) was a Peruvian soldier and politician who briefly served as the Interim President of Peru. officially as the President of the Provisional Government Junta, between March 1 and March 5, 1931.He organized one of the various movements that caused the fall of president Augusto B. Legu\u00eda. After General Luis Miguel S\u00e1nchez Cerro was named provisional president, El\u00edas was not satisfied and soon moved against him. In March 1931, S\u00e1nchez Cerro left the presidency to his vice president Olgu\u00edn, who was soon deposed and El\u00edas occupied the presidency. He himself, however, was deposed by Gustavo Jim\u00e9nez only four days later. He remained in the new government as President of the Supreme Court until 1932.", "Q101562": "Erich Friedrich Michael Lackner (May 13, 1913 in Himmelberg, Austria \u2013 February 2, 1992 in K\u00e4rnten) was a German civil engineer. He is considered to be one of the most important German engineers of the 20th century.", "Q299595": "Vannevar Bush ( van-NEE-var; March 11, 1890 \u2013 June 28, 1974) was an American engineer, inventor and science administrator, who during World War II headed the U.S. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), through which almost all wartime military R&D was carried out, including important developments in radar and the initiation and early administration of the Manhattan Project. He emphasized the importance of scientific research to national security and economic well-being, and was chiefly responsible for the movement that led to the creation of the National Science Foundation.Bush joined the Department of Electrical Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1919, and founded the company now known as Raytheon in 1922. Bush became vice president of MIT and dean of the MIT School of Engineering in 1932, and president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1938.\nDuring his career, Bush patented a string of his own inventions. He is known particularly for his engineering work on analog computers, and for the memex.\nStarting in 1927, Bush constructed a differential analyzer, an analog computer with some digital components that could solve differential equations with as many as 18 independent variables. An offshoot of the work at MIT by Bush and others was the beginning of digital circuit design theory.\nThe memex, which he began developing in the 1930s, was a hypothetical adjustable microfilm viewer with a structure analogous to that of hypertext. The memex and Bush's 1945 essay \"As We May Think\" influenced generations of computer scientists, who drew inspiration from his vision of the future.Bush was appointed to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1938, and soon became its chairman. As chairman of the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), and later director of OSRD, Bush coordinated the activities of some six thousand leading American scientists in the application of science to warfare. Bush was a well-known policymaker and public intellectual during World War II, when he was in effect the first presidential science advisor. As head of NDRC and OSRD, he initiated the Manhattan Project, and ensured that it received top priority from the highest levels of government. In Science, The Endless Frontier, his 1945 report to the President of the United States, Bush called for an expansion of government support for science, and he pressed for the creation of the National Science Foundation.\n\n", "Q1996265": "Antoni Cierplikowski (Polish pronunciation: [an\u02c8t\u0254ni t\u0361\u0255\u025brpli\u02c8k\u0254fski]; 1884 \u2013 1976) was a Polish hairdresser who became the world's first celebrity hairdresser when he opened the salon Antoine de Paris in Paris and became known as Monsieur Antoine. Among his clients were world-famous female personalities like Coco Chanel, Queen Marie of Romania, Sarah Bernhardt, Greta Garbo, U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, and Brigitte Bardot.\n\n", "Q1372731": "Nikolay Vasilyevich Nikitin (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043d; 15 December 1907 \u2013 3 March 1973) was a structural designer and construction engineer of the Soviet Union, best known for his monumental structures.", "Q107113": "Steffen Popp (born in Greifswald, 18 July 1978) is a German poet, novelist and literary translator.\nHe has translated Ben Lerner and other American poets.", "Q63309": "Ilija Trojanow (Bulgarian: \u0418\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0422\u0440\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432, also transliterated as Ilya Troyanov; born 23 August 1965 in Sofia) is a Bulgarian\u2013German writer, translator and publisher.", "Q32620": "Tulsi Gabbard (; born April 12, 1981) is an American politician and Hawaii Army National Guard major who serves as the U.S. Representative for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district. Elected in 2012, she is the first Hindu member of Congress and the first Samoan-American voting member of Congress. She was a candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election.In 2002, Gabbard was elected to the Hawaii House of Representatives. Gabbard served in a field medical unit of the Hawaii Army National Guard in Iraq from 2004 to 2005 and was deployed to Kuwait from 2008 to 2009 as Army Military Police platoon leader. She was a vice chair of the Democratic National Committee from 2013 to 2016, when she resigned to endorse Senator Bernie Sanders for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination.\nGabbard supports a Medicare for All health care plan she calls \"Single Payer Plus\" and strengthening Roe v. Wade by codifying it into federal law. She co-sponsored the Family Act for paid family and medical leave and endorsed universal basic income. Until 2004 she voted and lobbied against same-sex marriage in Hawaii. She publicly apologized for that position in 2012. She apologized again after launching her presidential campaign in 2019. She opposes military interventionism and has called herself a \"hawk\" on terrorism. Her decision to meet Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and her skeptical approach to two claims that he had used chemical weapons were controversial.Gabbard was the first female combat veteran to run for president after running in 2020. On March 19, 2020, Gabbard dropped out of the 2020 race and endorsed former Vice President Joe Biden.", "Q108220": "Fritz Cockerell (1889-1965) was a German pioneer of motorcycle, automotive and engine construction.", "Q128696": "Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott, (March 12, 1821 \u2013 October 30, 1893) was a Canadian lawyer and politician, Freemason, who served as the third prime minister of Canada (and its first native-born one \u2013 both Macdonald and Mackenzie having been born in Scotland), in office from 1891 to 1892. He held office as the leader of the Conservative Party.\nAbbott was born in what is now Saint-Andr\u00e9-d'Argenteuil, Quebec. He studied law at McGill University and became one of Montreal's best-known lawyers, later returning to McGill as a professor of law and earning a Doctor of Civil Law degree. He was perhaps best known for his successful defence of the perpetrators of the St. Albans Raid. Abbott involved himself in politics from a young age, signing the Montreal Annexation Manifesto in 1849 \u2013 which he later regretted \u2013 and winning election to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada in 1860. In the lead-up to Confederation he was a prominent advocate for the rights of English-speaking Quebecers.\nIn the 1867 federal election, Abbott was elected to the new House of Commons of Canada as a member of the Conservative Party. A telegram leaked from his office played a key part in the Pacific Scandal of 1873, which led to the downfall of John A. Macdonald's first government. Abbott was appointed to the Senate in 1887, in order to become Leader of the Government in the Senate. He became prime minister in June 1891 following Macdonald's death in office. Abbott was 70 years old at the time, and served only until November 1892 when he retired due to ill health. He died the following year.", "Q360642": "Kevin Meade Williamson (born March 14, 1965) is an American screenwriter, filmmaker and actor, best known for the creation of the TV series' Dawson's Creek (1998\u20132003), The Vampire Diaries (2009\u20132017), The Following (2013\u20132015), Stalker (2014\u20132015) and more recently, Tell Me a Story (2018\u2013).\nHe is also widely known for developing and writing the screenplay for the slasher film Scream, as well as its sequels Scream 2 and Scream 4. He also wrote the screenplay for the films I Know What You Did Last Summer, The Faculty, Teaching Mrs. Tingle (which he also directed) and Cursed.", "Q326617": "Kazushige Nagashima (\u9577\u5d8b \u4e00\u8302, Nagashima Kazushige, January 26, 1966 -) is a Japanese actor, sports commentator and former professional baseball player. His father is Japanese baseball legend Shigeo Nagashima.", "Q1806104": "Lawrence \"Larry\" Stephen Porter (September 1, 1951 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American jazz musician and composer.", "Q514398": "Carlos Pezoa V\u00e9liz (July 21, 1879 \u2013 April 21, 1908) was a poet, educator and journalist from Chile. His literary work remained largely unpublished until his death at the age of 28. He was posthumously recognized as a major figure in the history of Chilean poetry.", "Q97288": "Mercedes Bunz (born November 16, 1971) is Senior Lecturer in Digital Society at King's College London, and a German art historian, philosopher and journalist.\n\n", "Q484947": "Hwang Sok-yong (born January 4, 1943) is a South Korean novelist.", "Q263439": "Raylene (born Stacey Bernstein; February 12, 1977) is a retired American pornographic actress.", "Q321178": "Sollie Paul \"Tex\" Williams (August 23, 1917 \u2013 October 11, 1985) was an American Western swing musician from Ramsey, Illinois. He is best known for his talking blues style; his biggest hit was the novelty song, \"Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette)\", which held the number one position on the Billboard charts for sixteen weeks in 1947. \"Smoke\" was the No. 5 song on Billboard's Top 100 list for 1947, and was No. 1 on the country chart that year. It can be heard during the opening credits of the 2006 movie Thank You for Smoking.", "Q1144549": "Pierre and Marie Curie University (French: Universit\u00e9 Pierre-et-Marie-Curie), titled as UPMC from 2007\u20132017 and also known as Paris 6, was a public research university in Paris, France from 1971 to 2017. The university was located on the Jussieu Campus in the Latin Quarter of the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France.\nConsidered the best university in France in medicine and health in 2018, UPMC merged with Paris-Sorbonne University into a new combined Sorbonne University.", "Q116778": "Charles Victor de Bonstetten (German: Karl Viktor von Bonstetten; 3 September 1745 \u2013 3 February 1832) was a Swiss liberal writer.\n\n", "Q1231608": "Laurence Naismith (born Lawrence Johnson; 14 December 1908 \u2013 5 June 1992) was an English actor. He made numerous film and television appearances, including starring roles in the musical films Scrooge (1970) and the children's ghost film The Amazing Mr Blunden (1972). He also had memorable roles as Captain Edward Smith of the RMS Titanic in A Night to Remember (1958), the First Sea Lord in Sink the Bismarck! (1960), and Argus in Jason and the Argonauts (1963).", "Q72562": "Franz Wendelin \"Hanns\" Seidel (; German: [\u02c8za\u026ad\u0259l]; 12 October 1901 \u2013 5 August 1961) was a German politician who served as Prime Minister of Bavaria from 1957 to 1960. He was a member, and from 1955 to 1961 chairman, of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.", "Q2944115": "Celluloid Records, a French/American record label, founded by Jean Georgakarakos (sometimes shortened to Jean Karakos) operated from 1976 to 1989 in New York City, and produced a series of eclectic and ground-breaking releases, particularly in the early to late 1980s, largely under the auspices of de facto in-house producer Bill Laswell.\nJean Georgakarakos had previously run a chain of record shops in France, Pop Shop, in cities such as Paris, Lyon, Grenoble and Aix-en-Provence. In 1967, he formed jazz record label BYG Records, which collapsed in the mid-1970s. Karakos also produced albums such as Sonny Sharrock's Monkie-Pockie Boo, and some Art Ensemble Of Chicago, Archie Shepp, Don Cherry Magma and Gong material.", "Q109658": "Gina-Lisa Lohfink (born 23 September 1986) is a German beauty pageant titleholder, model, television and media personality, actress, fashion designer and singer.\n\n", "Q96196": "Paul Schlack (22 December 1897 \u2013 19 August 1987) was a German chemist. He completed his studies at the Technical University of Stuttgart in 1921 and worked as a research chemist in Copenhagen for a year, before returning to Stuttgart. He received his PhD in 1924. Around this time he developed a keen interest in amide chemistry. He synthesized Nylon 6, widely known by its tradename Perlon, on 29 January 1938 whilst working for IG Farben.\n\n", "Q376020": "Jack Cafferty (born December 14, 1942) is a former CNN commentator and occasional host of specials. In the summer of 2005, Cafferty joined The Situation Room. He left CNN after November 15, 2012.", "Q13391399": "A chansonnier (female: chansonni\u00e8re) was a poet songwriter, solitary singer, who sang his or her own songs (chansons) with a guitar, prominent in francophone countries during the 1960s and 1970s. Compared to the popular singer, the chansonnier needs no artifice to sing his/her soul poetry. They performed in \u00abLes Boites \u00e0 Chansons\u00bb. which were flourishing in those years. The themes of their songs varied but included nature, love, simplicity, and a social interest to improve their world.", "Q811": "Nicaragua ( (listen); Spanish: [nika\u02c8\u027ea\u0263wa] (listen)), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de Nicaragua ), is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the northwest, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. Managua is the country's capital and largest city and is also the third-largest city in Central America, behind Tegucigalpa and Guatemala City. The multi-ethnic population of six million includes people of indigenous, European, African, and Asian heritage. The main language is Spanish. Indigenous tribes on the Mosquito Coast speak their own languages and English.\nOriginally inhabited by various indigenous cultures since ancient times, the region was conquered by the Spanish Empire in the 16th century. Nicaragua gained independence from Spain in 1821. The Mosquito Coast followed a different historical path, being colonized by the English in the 17th century and later coming under British rule. It became an autonomous territory of Nicaragua in 1860 and its northernmost part was transferred to Honduras in 1960. Since its independence, Nicaragua has undergone periods of political unrest, dictatorship, occupation and fiscal crisis, including the Nicaraguan Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the Contra War of the 1980s.\nThe mixture of cultural traditions has generated substantial diversity in folklore, cuisine, music, and literature, particularly the latter, given the literary contributions of Nicaraguan poets and writers such as Rub\u00e9n Dar\u00edo. Known as the \"land of lakes and volcanoes\", Nicaragua is also home to the second-largest rainforest of the Americas. The biological diversity, warm tropical climate and active volcanoes make Nicaragua an increasingly popular tourist destination.", "Q187713": "Roberto Roena (born January 16, 1940 in Mayag\u00fcez, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican salsa music percussionist, orchestra leader, and dancer. Roena was one of the original members of El Gran Combo. He later became the leader of his own band, \"Roberto Roena y Su Apollo Sound\", arguably one of the best Latin salsa bands in Puerto Rico. Roena has also been a long-time member of the Fania All Stars, a salsa supergroup that has enjoyed worldwide success since the 1970s.", "Q1185315": "Lawrence Renes (born 1970) is a Dutch-Maltese conductor. \nRenes studied violin at the Conservatorium van Amsterdam and conducting at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague, from which he graduated cum laude in 1993. Renes was the first prize winner at the 1992 Nederlandse Omroep Stichting conducting course NIS. In 1992, he also won the Elisabeth Everts Prize. He made his professional conducting debut with the Orchestra of Gran Canaria. He has served as an assistant conductor to Edo de Waart with the Netherlands Radio Philharmonic. His international prominence increased after his emergency replacement of Riccardo Chailly to conduct a 1995 concert with the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra. In 1996, Renes was named principal guest conductor of the Netherlands Radio Philharmonic. Renes became chief conductor of Het Gelders Orkest (Arnhem, the Netherlands) in 1998 and held the post through 2002.\nOutside of the Netherlands, Renes became principal guest conductor of the Zagreb Philharmonic Orchestra in 1996. He served as Generalmusikdirektor of the Bremer Philharmoniker from 2001 to 2006. In November 2011, Renes was named the next chief conductor of the Royal Swedish Opera (Kungliga Operan), as of the 2012-2013 season, with an initial contract through the 2016-2017 season. Renes concluded his chief conductorship of the Royal Swedish Opera in 2017.In contemporary music, Renes has championed the music of John Adams. He conducted both the first commercial recording of Adams' opera Doctor Atomic, with De Nederlandse Opera, and the UK premiere of the work at English National Opera. He has also conducted commercial recordings on such labels as Erato.", "Q115271": "Vera Int-Veen (born 21 September 1967 in Lank-Latum, Meerbusch) is a German TV producer and television presenter.", "Q372246": "Kan Mikami (\u4e09\u4e0a \u5bdb, Mikami Kan, born March 20, 1950) is a Japanese folk singer-songwriter and actor. His music, heavily influenced by American blues, was popular in Japan in the 1970s. He re-wrote the lyric of the song \"Yume wa Yoru Hiraku\" for his cover version in 1972, which was banned for its negative portrayal of Modern Japanese Culture. Mikami also acted in cinema and is notable for collaborations with Sh\u016bji Terayama and his avant-garde theater Tenj\u014d Sajiki.\nHis autobiography, A Life in Folk, was translated into English and published in 2017 by Public Bath Press of Nara, Japan.", "Q209186": "James Neville Mason (; 15 May 1909 \u2013 27 July 1984) was an English actor. Mason achieved considerable success in British cinema before becoming one of Hollywood's biggest stars. He was the top box office attraction in the UK in 1944 and 1945, with notable films including The Seventh Veil (1945) and The Wicked Lady (1945). He starred in Odd Man Out (1947), the first recipient of the BAFTA Award for Best British Film.\nHe starred in a number of successful British and American films from the 1950s to the early 1980s, including The Desert Fox, A Star Is Born, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, Lolita, North by Northwest, The Prisoner of Zenda, Journey to the Centre of the Earth, A Touch of Larceny, Bigger Than Life, Julius Caesar, Georgy Girl, The Deadly Affair, Age of Consent, Heaven Can Wait, The Boys from Brazil, The Verdict, Mandingo, Murder by Decree and Salem's Lot.\nMason was nominated for three Academy Awards, three Golden Globes (winning the Golden Globe in 1955 for A Star is Born) and two BAFTA Awards throughout his career. Following his death in 1984, his ashes were interred near the tomb of his close friend, fellow English actor Sir Charlie Chaplin.", "Q260130": "Tegernsee is a town in the Miesbach district of Bavaria, Germany, on the shore of Lake Tegernsee 747 m (2,451 ft) above sea level.\nTegernsee is a spa town, surrounded by an alpine landscape in Upper Bavaria, whose economy is mainly based on tourism.", "Q174843": "Jeffrey Leon Bridges (born December 4, 1949) is an American actor, singer, and producer. He comes from a prominent acting family and appeared on the television series Sea Hunt (1958\u201360), with his father, Lloyd Bridges and brother, Beau Bridges. He has won numerous accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Otis \"Bad\" Blake in the 2009 film Crazy Heart, one of seven Academy Award nominations.\n\n", "Q313874": "The Black Dahlia is a 2006 neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Brian De Palma, written by Josh Friedman, and starring Josh Hartnett, Scarlett Johansson, Aaron Eckhart, Hilary Swank, and Mia Kirshner. It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name by James Ellroy, in turn drawn from the widely sensationalized murder of Elizabeth Short.\nThe film was screened at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival on August 30, 2006, and was released in the United States on September 15, 2006. Despite its failure both critically and financially, effectively ousting De Palma from the Hollywood studio system (his subsequent films have been filmed and financed overseas), it was nominated for Best Cinematography at the 79th Academy Awards, losing to Pan's Labyrinth. Mia Kirshner's performance as Short was widely praised, as was that of Scarlett Johansson.", "Q517691": "Kazys Bizauskas pronunciation (1893, P\u0101vilosta, Courland Governorate \u2013 26 June 1941) was a Lithuanian statesman, diplomat, author, and one of the twenty signatories of the Act of Independence of Lithuania.\nBizauskas first emerged as a writer while attending secondary school in Kaunas; he issued a hand-written periodical, Ateitis (The Future). He studied law at Moscow University from 1913 to 1915. After returning, he taught secondary school in Panev\u0117\u017eys. During the Conference of Vilnius he was elected to the Council of Lithuania as its secretary, and signed the Act of Independence in 1918. \nIn 1920 Bizauskas was elected to the Constituent Assembly as a representative of the Christian Democratic Party. During the summer of 1920 he served as secretary-general at the negotiations that led to the formalization of the Soviet-Lithuanian Treaty of 1920. \nHe held a number of diplomatic posts during the 1920s and 1930s, serving as Lithuanian envoy to the Vatican, the United States, the United Kingdom, Latvia, and the Netherlands. He also authored a secondary school textbook, contributed numerous articles to periodicals, and co-founded the Society of Bibliophiles and the publishing house \u017dinija. After the first Soviet occupation of Lithuania in 1940, he returned to his farm near Ukmerg\u0117, where he was arrested and held in prison until Nazi Germany declared war on the USSR on 22 June 1941.\nBizauskas was transported to a Soviet prison in Minsk in June 1941; he was shot by the NKVD along with several thousand other prisoners on 26 June 1941.", "Q2222442": "The Ex-Wives Club was a 2007 American reality television program hosted by Shar Jackson and Marla Maples and Angie Everhart.\nIt focused on the hosts helping regular people as they get over painful and difficult divorces. Self-help author Debbie Ford also appeared on the show as a life coach.It was produced by Glassman Media and premiered on ABC on May 28, 2007. It was cancelled on June 25, 2007.", "Q622": "Ludwigsburg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8l\u028atv\u026a\u00e7s\u02ccb\u028a\u0250\u032fk]) is a city in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of Stuttgart city centre, near the river Neckar. It is the largest and primary city of the Ludwigsburg district with about 88,000 inhabitants. It is situated within the Stuttgart Region, and the district is part of the administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) of Stuttgart.", "Q4952412": "Hanna Hammarstr\u00f6m (Stockholm, 4 November 1829 \u2013 1909), was a Swedish inventor and industrialist. She was the first person in Sweden to produce telephone wires commercially. She manufactured the wires for the first Swedish telephone network. She also exported wire to Finland.Hanna Hammarstr\u00f6m was the daughter of the cotton and silk merchant Per Hammarstr\u00f6m (d. 1868) and Christina Holmberg. Her father wished for all his children to learn a profession, so she learned to manufacture various forms of ornaments. Though telephone wires were invented before her, the way to make them was not known in Sweden, so the Swedish telephone network depended on foreign manufacturers. Hammarstr\u00f6m managed to develop telephone wires by herself with the knowledge she learned by making ornaments out of metal strings. She started her own factory, and in 1883 took over the task of providing telephone wires to the Swedish telephone company. She had a monopoly on the production through the 1880s and 1890s. In her factory in Stockholm, she employed only women, whom she educated herself. In 1886, she was awarded first prize for her invention at a machinery exhibition in Stockholm. She manufactured wires for several telephone factories.", "Q390228": "Margarita Xhepa (born 2 April 1932) is an Albanian stage and film actress. She began her career in Tirana, at the National Theatre (Albanian: Teatri Komb\u00ebtar). There she acted in plays by Anton Chekov, Friedrich Schiller, and Nikolai Gogol, among others. She has presented the first Festivali i K\u00ebng\u00ebs in 1962.\nShe has been named a People's Artist of Albania.", "Q507469": "Guy Takeo Kawasaki (born August 30, 1954) is an American marketing specialist, author, and Silicon Valley venture capitalist. He was one of the Apple employees originally responsible for marketing their Macintosh computer line in 1984. He popularized the word evangelist in marketing the Macintosh as an \"Apple evangelist\" and the concepts of evangelism marketing and technology evangelism/platform evangelism in general.From March 2015 until December 2016, Kawasaki sat on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, the non-profit operating entity of Wikipedia.Kawasaki has also written a number of books including The Macintosh Way (1990), The Art of the Start (2004), and Wise Guy (2019).", "Q425804": "Renqiu (simplified Chinese: \u4efb\u4e18; traditional Chinese: \u4efb\u90b1; pinyin: R\u00e8nqi\u016b) is a county-level city in Hebei province, China. It is located 79 kilometres (49 mi) northwest of the prefecture-level city of Cangzhou, which administers it, and 104 kilometres (65 mi) southwest of Tianjin. It is the location of Huabei oil field.\n\n", "Q123728": "Aur\u00e8le Nicolet (22 January 1926 \u2013 29 January 2016) was a Swiss flautist. He was considered one of the world's best flute players of the late twentieth century. \nHe performed in various international concerts. A number of composers wrote music especially for him, including Josef Tal, Toru Takemitsu, Gy\u00f6rgy Ligeti, Krzysztof Meyer, and Edison Denisov. \nHis pupils include Emmanuel Pahud, Carlos Bruneel, Michael Faust, Pedro Eustache, Thierry Fischer, Irena Grafenauer, Hu\u00e1scar Barradas, Kristiyan Koev, Jadwiga Kotnowska, Robert Langevin, Tom Ottar Andreassen, Marina Piccinini, Kaspar Zehnder and Ariel Zuckermann. \nHe died at the age of 90 in 2016 in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.", "Q84579": "Antoni Rehman aka Anton Rehman (13 May 1840 Krak\u00f3w \u2013 13 January 1917 Lwow, Galicia) was a Polish geographer, geomorphologist, botanist and explorer. He published mostly in German journals in\nAustria and is regarded as an Austrian botanist, as Galicia was at that time part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The standard author abbreviation Rehmann is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.\n\nAnton was the son of master chimney sweeps J\u00f3zef Rehman (1812-1882) and Anna Piotrowski. From 1860 to 1863 he studied science and geography at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow and in 1864 was awarded a PhD. in Botany, after specialising in the bryophytes. In 1865 he explored the steppes of Podolia, the banks of the Dniester and the Tschornohora Mountains in the Ukraine. In 1866-67 he studied the anatomy of plants in Munich with Carl Wilhelm von Naegeli. In 1868 he traveled through southern Russia and a year later was appointed professor of Plant Anatomy at the University of Krakow. \nBetween 1873 and 1874 he traveled to the Caucasus and the Crimea. He traveled through South Africa from 1875\u201377 and again from 1879-80, becoming acquainted with the San, the Khoikhoi, and the Bantu. While in South Africa he collected over 9 000 specimens, and Ignaz von Szyszylowicz made a start in their listing. Two parts of the listing appeared in a Polish journal in 1887-88, but because of friction the specimens were returned to Rehmann who sold them to Schinz in 1889. Dixon and Gepp listed his 680 mosses in a Kew Bulletin of 1923. These included the collections of John Medley Wood and McLea which Rehmann had acquired while in South Africa. His first visit covered the George and Knysna areas from where he moved on to Cape Town, Tulbagh, Ceres, Worcester, Touws River, Matjiesfontein and back to Ceres.\nIn 1882 he became a professor at Lviv University, while from 1884 to 1897 he was botanist and lecturer at the Veterinary College. From 1887 he was Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and in 1888-89 the rector. He was a member of the Scientific Society in Krakow, the physiographic Commission of the Cracow Academy of scholarship and the Natural Science Nicholas Copernicus Society, serving as president in 1888-89. In 1910 he retired.\nDuring his work and travels, he collected enormous amounts of herbarium material. To this day his specimens may be found in herbaria around the world, including those of Krakow and Lemberg. He described several new plant taxa, including a variety of the herb wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L. var calcigena Rehm.) that is considered endemic to the Pieniny mountains and is on the Red list of threatened plants in Poland.", "Q1370873": "Ogden Livingston Mills (August 23, 1884 \u2013 October 11, 1937) was an American lawyer, businessman and politician. He served as United States Secretary of the Treasury in President Herbert Hoover's cabinet, during which time Mills pushed for tax increases, spending cuts and other austerity measures that would deepen the economic crisis. A member of the Republican Party, Mills also represented New York in the United States House of Representatives, served as \nUndersecretary of the Treasury during the administration of President Calvin Coolidge, and was the Republican nominee in the 1926 New York gubernatorial election.", "Q2482444": "Francis Edwin Close, (born 24 July 1945) is a particle physicist who is Emeritus Professor of Physics at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.\n\n", "Q57721": "Hans-Georg von Friedeburg (15 July 1895 \u2013 23 May 1945) was a German admiral, the deputy commander of the U-boat Forces of Nazi Germany and the second-to-last Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine. He was the only representative of the armed forces to be present at the signing of the German instruments of surrender in Luneburg Heath on 4 May 1945, in Reims on 7 May and in Berlin on 8 May 1945. Generaladmiral von Friedeburg committed suicide shortly afterwards, upon the dissolution of the Flensburg Government.", "Q1064100": "Charles Deutsch (1911\u20131980) was a French aerodynamics engineer and automobile maker, founder of the brand \"DB\" with Ren\u00e9 Bonnet, and later of the \"CD\".", "Q268587": "Mar\u00eda Antonia Abad Fern\u00e1ndez MML (10 March 1928 \u2013 8 April 2013), known professionally as Sara Montiel, was a Spanish singer and actress.\nMontiel was born in Campo de Criptana in the region of Castile\u2013La Mancha in 1928. She worked in Europe, Latin America and United States. Her films The Last Torch Song and The Violet Seller netted the highest gross revenues ever recorded for films made in the Spanish-speaking movie industry during the 1950s/60s. Montiel's film Variety was banned in Beijing in 1973. She played the role of Antonia, the niece of Don Quixote, in the 1947 Spanish film version of Cervantes's novel.\nShe was portrayed in the Pedro Almod\u00f3var film Bad Education by a male actor in drag (Gael Garc\u00eda Bernal) as the cross-dressing character Zahara, and a film clip from one of her movies was used, as well.", "Q313647": "Ronald J. McGovney (born November 2, 1962) is a semi-retired American musician, best known as the original bass guitarist in the heavy metal band Metallica from October 1981 to December 1982.\nHaving previously played with guitarist James Hetfield in the garage band Leather Charm, McGovney was a member of Metallica during its first year of gigging and appeared on their early demos before departing late in 1982. After a period of inactivity, he later played in the thrash metal band Phantasm.", "Q164463": "Lawrence Francis O'Brien Jr. (July 7, 1917 \u2013 September 28, 1990) was an American politician and basketball commissioner. He was one of the United States Democratic Party's leading electoral strategists for more than two decades. He served as Postmaster General in the cabinet of President Lyndon Johnson and chair of the Democratic National Committee. He also served as commissioner of the National Basketball Association from 1975 to 1984. The NBA Championship Trophy is named after him.\nO'Brien, son of Irish immigrants, was born in Springfield, Massachusetts. When he was not working in politics, O'Brien managed his family's real estate and worked in public relations.", "Q389779": "Felix A. Pappalardi Jr. (December 30, 1939 \u2013 April 17, 1983) was an American music producer, songwriter, vocalist, and bassist. He is best known to the public as the bassist and vocalist of the band Mountain, whose song \"Mississippi Queen\" peaked at #21 on the Billboard Hot 100 and has become a classic rock radio staple. Originating in the eclectic music scene in New York's Greenwich Village, he became closely attached to the British power trio Cream, writing, arranging, and producing for their second album Disraeli Gears. As a producer for Atlantic Records, he worked on several projects with guitarist Leslie West; in 1969 their partnership evolved into the band Mountain. The band lasted less than five years, but their work influenced the first generation of heavy metal and hard rock music. Pappalardi continued to work as a producer, session musician, and songwriter until he was shot and killed by his wife Gail Collins in 1983.", "Q241115": "Elke Sommer (born 5 November 1940), born Elke Baronesse von Schletz, is a German actress, entertainer and artist who starred in many Hollywood films.", "Q170416": "Koninklijke Philips N.V. (literally Royal Philips, stylized as PHILIPS) is a Dutch multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Amsterdam, formerly one of the largest electronics companies in the world, currently focused in the area of health technology, with other divisions being successfully divested. It was founded in Eindhoven in 1891 by Gerard Philips and his father Frederik, with their first products being light bulbs. It was once one of the largest electronic conglomerates in the world and currently employs around 74,000 people across 100 countries. The company gained its royal honorary title in 1998 and dropped the \"Electronics\" in its name in 2013, due to its refocusing from consumer electronics to healthcare technology.\nPhilips is organized into three main divisions: Philips Consumer Health, Well-being (formerly Philips Consumer Electronics and Philips Domestic Appliances and Personal Care) and Philips Professional Healthcare (formerly Philips Medical Systems). The lighting division was spun off as a separate company, Signify N.V. (formerly Philips Lighting prior to 2018). The company started making electric shavers in 1939 under the Philishave brand, and post-war they developed the Compact Cassette format and co-developed the Compact Disc format with Sony, as well as numerous other technologies. As of 2012, Philips was the largest manufacturer of lighting in the world as measured by applicable revenues.\nPhilips has a primary listing on the Euronext Amsterdam stock exchange and is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Acquisitions include that of Signetics and Magnavox. They also have had a sports club since 1913 called PSV Eindhoven.", "Q45325": "Hans-Josef Becker (8 June 1948 in Belecke, Warstein, Germany) is the Catholic archbishop of Paderborn, Germany.", "Q116793": "Charles Pictet de Rochemont (21 September 1755 \u2013 28 December 1824) was a statesman and diplomat who prepared the declaration of Switzerland's permanent neutrality ratified by the great powers in 1815.", "Q470193": "Boris Evseyevich Chertok (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441 \u0415\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043a; 1 March 1912 \u2013 14 December 2011) was a Russian electrical engineer and the control systems designer in the Soviet Union's space program, and later found employment in the Russian Roscosmos in Russia. \nMajor responsibility under his guidance was primarily based on computerized control system of the Russian missiles and rocketry system, and authored the four-volume book Rockets and People\u2013 the definitive source of information about the history of the Soviet space program.\nFrom 1974, he was the deputy chief designer of the S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, the space aircraft designer bureau which he started working for in 1946. He retired in 1992.", "Q1332": "Ram\u00f3n Freire Serrano (American Spanish: [ra\u02c8m\u00f5\u0271 \u02c8f\u027eei\u032f\u027ee]; November 29, 1787 \u2013 December 9, 1851) was a Chilean political figure. He was head of state on several occasions, and enjoyed a numerous following until the War of the Confederation. Ram\u00f3n Freire was one of the principal leaders of the liberal Pipiolo movement. He has been praised by historian Gabriel Salazar as the most democratic leader of the early republican period in Chile.", "Q318712": "Renny Harlin (born Lauri Mauritz Harjola; 15 March 1959) is a Finnish film director, producer and screenwriter. His films include A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master, Die Hard 2, Cliffhanger, The Long Kiss Goodnight, Deep Blue Sea and Devil's Pass.\nHarlin's movies have earned $525,410,873 in the United States and $1,160,546,146 in the worldwide aggregate box office as of October 2016, making him the 115th highest-grossing director in the global film market. His film Cutthroat Island held the Guinness world record for \"Biggest Box-Office Flop of All Time\".", "Q628354": "Fleurier was a municipality in the district of Val-de-Travers in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Boveresse, Buttes, Couvet, Fleurier, Les Bayards, M\u00f4tiers, Noiraigue, Saint-Sulpice and Travers merged to form the administrative district of Val-de-Travers.The Nobel laureates, physicist Charles \u00c9douard Guillaume and pharmacologist Daniel Bovet, both originated from Fleurier.", "Q235694": "Candace Cameron Bure (; born Candace Helaine Cameron; April 6, 1976) is an American actress, producer, author, and talk show panelist. She is known for her role as D.J. Tanner on Full House, which she reprised as D.J. Tanner-Fuller on Fuller House. She is also known for her work with Hallmark Channel, playing the title character in Hallmark Channel's film adaptation of the Aurora Teagarden novel series, as well having starred in many of their holiday films.\nIn 2014, she was a contestant on season 18 of Dancing with the Stars, finishing in third place. She also starred as Summer van Horne on Make It or Break It. She is the sister of actor Kirk Cameron, known for Growing Pains. From 2015 to 2016, she was a co-host of the daytime television talk show The View.", "Q7620697": "Stowe School is an independent school in Stowe, Buckinghamshire, England. It opened on 11 May 1923, initially with 99 schoolboys, and with J. F. Roxburgh as the first headmaster. The school is a member of the Rugby Group, the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, and the G30 Schools' Group. Originally for boys only, the school is now coeducational, with some 550 boys and 220 girls.\nThe school has been based since its beginnings at Stowe House, formerly the country seat of the Dukes of Buckingham and Chandos. Along with many of the other buildings on the school's estate, the main house is now a Grade I Listed Building and is maintained by the Stowe House Preservation Trust.", "Q97263": "Jacob Gretser (March 27, 1562 \u2013 January 29, 1625) was a celebrated German Jesuit writer.", "Q331380": "Schenectady () is a city in Schenectady County, New York, United States, of which it is the county seat. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 66,135. The name \"Schenectady\" is derived from a Mohawk word, skahn\u00e9htati, meaning \"beyond the pines\". Schenectady was founded on the south side of the Mohawk River by Dutch colonists in the 17th century, many from the Albany area. They were prohibited from the fur trade by the Albany monopoly, which kept its control after the English takeover in 1664. Residents of the new village developed farms on strip plots along the river.\nConnected to the west via the Mohawk River and Erie Canal, Schenectady developed rapidly in the 19th century as part of the Mohawk Valley trade, manufacturing and transportation corridor. By 1824 more people worked in manufacturing than agriculture or trade, and the city had a cotton mill, processing cotton from the Deep South. Numerous mills in New York had such ties with the South. Through the 19th century, nationally influential companies and industries developed in Schenectady, including General Electric and American Locomotive Company (ALCO), which were powers into the mid-20th century. Schenectady was part of emerging technologies, with GE collaborating in the production of nuclear-powered submarines and, in the 21st century, working on other forms of renewable energy.\nSchenectady is in eastern New York, near the confluence of the Mohawk and Hudson rivers. It is in the same metropolitan area as the state capital, Albany, which is about 15 miles (24 km) southeast. In December 2014, the state announced that the city was one of three sites selected for development of off-reservation casino gambling, under terms of a 2013 state constitutional amendment. The project would redevelop an ALCO brownfield site in the city along the waterfront, with hotels, housing and a marina in addition to the casino.", "Q311050": "Darrell Lance Abbott (August 20, 1966 \u2013 December 8, 2004), best known by his stage name Dimebag Darrell, was an American musician and songwriter. He was the guitarist of the heavy metal bands Pantera and Damageplan, both of which he co-founded alongside his brother Vinnie Paul. As one of the driving forces behind the development of groove metal, he is considered among the most influential guitarists in heavy metal history.\nA son of country music producer Jerry Abbott, Abbott began playing guitar at age 12, and Pantera released its debut album, Metal Magic (1983), when he was 16. Originally a glam metal musician, Abbott went by the stage name Diamond Darrell at the time. Two further albums in the glam metal style followed in 1984 and 1985, before original vocalist Terry Glaze was replaced by Phil Anselmo in 1986 and Power Metal (1988) was released. The band's major-label debut, Cowboys from Hell (1990), introduced a groove metal sound to which Abbott's guitar playing was central. This sound was refined on Vulgar Display of Power (1992), and the group's third major-label record, Far Beyond Driven, debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 in 1994. \nTensions within Pantera reduced its output after the release of The Great Southern Trendkill in 1996, and Reinventing the Steel (2000) was the band's final studio album before its acrimonious separation in 2003. Abbott subsequently formed Damageplan with his brother Vinnie Paul and released New Found Power, the band's debut and only album, in 2004. Other works by Abbott included a collaboration with David Allan Coe titled Rebel Meets Rebel (2006) and numerous guest guitar solos for bands such as Anthrax. Abbott was shot and killed by a deranged fan on December 8, 2004, while on stage with Damageplan at the Alrosa Villa nightclub in Columbus, Ohio. Three others were murdered in the shooting before the perpetrator was killed by police. \nAbbott was ranked at No. 92 on Rolling Stone's list of \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" in 2011, and No. 19 on Louder's list of \"The 50 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" in 2018. He placed at No. 5 on Gibson's list of \"The Top 10 Metal Guitarists of All Time\" in 2015, and the same year was ranked as the most influential metal guitarist of the past 25 years by VH1.", "Q63484": "Christian Knorr von Rosenroth (July 15/16, 1636 \u2013 May 4, 1689) was a German Christian Hebraist and Christian Cabalist born at Alt-Raudten (today Stara Rudna) in Silesia. After having completed his studies in the universities of Wittenberg and Leipzig, he traveled through the Netherlands, France, and England. At Amsterdam, he became acquainted with an Armenian prince, with the chief Rabbi, Meier Stern, Dr. John Lightfoot and Henry More. Influenced by them, and others, he studied Oriental languages, chemistry, and the cabalistic sciences. On his return, he settled at Sulzbach where he became the privy counsellor of Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach. He devoted himself to the study of Hebrew. Later he became a student of the Kabbalah, in which he believed to find proofs of the doctrines of Christianity.\nHe also dedicated time to translate Thomas Browne's vast-ranging work of scientific journalism, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, totalling over 200,000 words into German, completing this task in 1680 for publication in Frankfurt and Leipzig.He also composed a number of hymns, including Jesus, Sun of Righteousness, Dayspring of Eternity, and Come, Thou Bright and Morning Star.A longer biography is available in Scholem (1974).", "Q357005": "Twins Seven Seven, born Omoba Taiwo Olaniyi Oyewale-Toyeje Oyelale Osuntoki (3 May 1944 \u2013 16 June 2011) in Ogidi, Kogi State, Nigeria, was a Nigerian painter, sculptor and musician. He was an itinerant singer and dancer before he began his career as an artist, first attending in 1964 an Mbari Mbayo workshop conducted by Ulli Beier and Georgina Beier in Osogbo, a Yoruba town in south-western Nigeria. Twins Seven Seven went on to become one of the best known artists of the Osogbo School.", "Q555449": "Eduardo Acevedo D\u00edaz (Villa de la Uni\u00f3n, Montevideo, 20 April 1851 \u2013 Buenos Aires, Argentina, 18 June 1921a), was an Uruguayan writer, politician and journalist.\n\n", "Q214882": "Friedrich Julius Hammer (June 7, 1810 \u2013 August 23, 1862) was a German poet born in Dresden.\nIn 1831 he went to Leipzig to study law, but devoted himself mainly to philosophy and belles lettres. Returning to Dresden in 1834 a small comedy, Das seltsame Fr\u00fchst\u00fcck, introduced him to the literary society of the capital, notably to Ludwig Tieck, and from this time he devoted himself entirely to writing. In 1837 he returned to Leipzig, and, coming again to Dresden, from 1851 to 1859 edited the feuilleton of S\u00e4chsische konstitutionelle Zeitung, and took the lead in the foundation in 1855 of the Schiller Institute in Dresden. His marriage in 1851 had made him independent, and he bought a small property at Pillnitz, on which, soon after his return from a residence of several years at Nuremberg, he died.\nHammer wrote, besides several comedies, a drama Die Br\u00fcder (1856), a number of unimportant romances, and the novel Einkehr und Umkehr (Leipzig, 1856); but his reputation rests upon his epigrammatic and didactic poems. His Schau um dich, und schau in dich (1851), which made his name, has passed through more than thirty editions. It was followed by In allen guten Stunden (1854), Fester Grund (1857), Auf stillen Wegen (1859), and Lerne, liebe, lebe (1862).\nBesides these he wrote a book of Turkish songs, Unter dem Halbmond (Leipzig, 1860), and rhymed versions of the psalms (1861), and compiled the popular religious anthology Leben und Heimat in Gott, of which a 14th edition was published in 1900.\nHe was a member of the \"Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Isis\" in Dresden.\nEr war Mitglied der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden\nSee CGE Am Ende, Julius Hammer (Nuremberg, 1872).\n This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Hammer, Friedrich Julius\". Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 897.", "Q62942": "Rosa von Praunheim (born 25 November 1942) is a German film director, author, painter and the most famous gay rights activist in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In over 50 years, von Praunheim has made more than 150 films (short and feature-length films). His works influenced the development of LGBTQ rights movements worldwide.\nHe began his career associated to the New German Cinema as a senior member of the Berlin school of underground filmmaking. He took the artistic female name Rosa von Praunheim to remind people of the pink triangle that homosexuals had to wear in Nazi concentration camps. A pioneer of Queer Cinema, von Praunheim has been an activist in the gay rights movement. He was an early advocate of AIDS awareness and safer sex, but has been a controversial figure even within the gay community. His films center on gay related themes and strong female characters. His works are characterized by excess and employ a campy style. His films have featured such personalities as Diamanda Gal\u00e1s, Jayne County, Vaginal Davis, Divine, Jeff Stryker and a row of Warhol superstars.", "Q891082": "Boise State University (BSU) is a public research university in Boise, Idaho. Founded in 1932 by the Episcopal Church, it became an independent junior college in 1934, and has been awarding baccalaureate and master's degrees since 1965.\nBoise State offers more than 100 graduate programs, including the MBA and MAcc programs in the College of Business and Economics; Masters and PhD programs in the Colleges of Engineering, Arts & Sciences, and Education; and the MPA program in the School of Public Service. Boise State has invested in the future over the past decade, including spending over $300 million since 2003 on academic, residential, and athletics facilities across campus.The university's intercollegiate athletic teams, the Broncos, have participated in NCAA Division I since 1978; the football program moved up to FBS in 1996.", "Q359996": "Pedro Armend\u00e1riz (born Pedro Gregorio Armend\u00e1riz Hastings; May 9, 1912 \u2013 June 18, 1963) was a Mexican film actor who made films in both Mexico and the United States. With Dolores del R\u00edo and Mar\u00eda F\u00e9lix, he was one of the best-known Latin American movie stars of the 1940s and 1950s.", "Q572790": "Alexander Ivanovich Dubrovin (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0443\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u043d) (1855, Kungur - unknown) was a Russian right wing politician, a leader of the Union of the Russian People (URP).", "Q937137": "Cesare Rossi (born 21 September 1887 in Pescia \u2013 died 9 August 1967 in Rome) was an Italian fascist leader who later became estranged from the regime.", "Q287740": "Bright Young Things is a 2003 British drama film written and directed by Stephen Fry. The screenplay, based on the 1930 novel Vile Bodies by Evelyn Waugh, provides satirical social commentary about the Bright Young People\u2014young and carefree London aristocrats and bohemians\u2014as well as society in general, in the late 1920s through to the early 1940s.\nThis was the last film in which John Mills appeared before his death in 2005.", "Q215222": "Joseph Buttinger (30 April 1906, Reichersbeuern, Germany \u2013 4 March 1992, Queens, New York) was an Austrian politician and, after his immigration to the United States, an expert on East Asia. He co-founded the American Friends of Vietnam, a Cold War lobbying group.", "Q1040908": "Mario Brega (25 March 1923 \u2013 23 July 1994) was an Italian actor. His heavy build meant that he regularly portrayed a thug in his films, particularly earlier in his career in westerns. Later in his career, however, he featured in numerous Italian comedy films. Brega stood at 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) and well over 250 pounds (110 kg) at his heaviest but after the 1960s slimmed down significantly.", "Q160163": "Norman Gary Finkelstein (; born December 8, 1953) is an American political scientist, activist, professor, and author. His primary fields of research are the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict and the politics of the Holocaust. He is a graduate of Binghamton University and received his Ph.D. in political science at Princeton University. He has held faculty positions at Brooklyn College, Rutgers University, Hunter College, New York University, and DePaul University, where he was an assistant professor from 2001 to 2007.\nIn 2007, after a highly publicized feud between Finkelstein and Alan Dershowitz, an academic opponent, Finkelstein was denied tenure at DePaul. He was placed on administrative leave for the 2007\u201308 academic year, and on September 5, 2007, he announced his resignation after coming to a settlement with the university on largely undisclosed terms. An official statement from DePaul strongly defended the decision to deny Finkelstein tenure and said that outside influence played no role in the decision. In 2008 he was banned from entering Israel for 10 years for criticizing Israeli policies.Finkelstein taught at Sakarya University Middle East Institute in Turkey in 2014\u201315.", "Q99528": "Friedl Hardt (1919\u20131991) was a German actress.", "Q4906725": "Thorolf Beyer Mowinckel (27 August 1884 \u2013 8 April 1963) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party.", "Q185851": "Lacrosse is a team sport played with a lacrosse stick and a lacrosse ball. It is the oldest organized sport in North America, with its origins in a tribal game played by the indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands and by various other indigenous peoples of North America. The game was extensively modified reducing the violence by European colonizers to create its current collegiate and professional form.The modern sport is governed by World Lacrosse and is the only international sport organization to recognize First Nations bands and Native American tribes as sovereign nations. The organization hosts the World Lacrosse Championship for men, the Women's Lacrosse World Cup, the World Indoor Lacrosse Championship for box lacrosse, and the Under-19 World Lacrosse Championships for both men and women. Each is held every four years. Lacrosse at the Summer Olympics has been contested at two editions of the Summer Olympic Games, 1904 and 1908. It was also held as a demonstration event at the 1928, 1932, and 1948 Summer Olympics.Players use the head of the lacrosse stick to carry, pass, catch, and shoot the ball into the goal. The sport has four versions that have different sticks, fields, rules and equipment: field lacrosse, women's lacrosse, box lacrosse and intercrosse. The men's games, field lacrosse (outdoor) and box lacrosse (indoor), are contact sports and all players wear protective gear: helmet, gloves, shoulder pads, and elbow pads. The women's game is played outdoors and does not allow body contact but does allow stick to stick contact. The only protective gear required for women players is eyegear, while goalies wear helmets and protective pads. Intercrosse is a mixed-gender non-contact sport played indoors that uses an all-plastic stick and a softer ball.", "Q223790": "Joseph Alberic Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes (; born 27 May 1970), known as Joseph Fiennes, is an English film and stage actor.\nHe is known for his portrayals of William Shakespeare in Shakespeare in Love (1998), for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role, Sir Robert Dudley in Elizabeth (1998), Commisar Danilov in Enemy at the Gates (2001), and Monsignor Timothy Howard in the second season of the TV series American Horror Story (2012\u20132013). His role in the 2017 TV drama series The Handmaid's Tale was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series.", "Q232845": "Genevi\u00e8ve Bujold (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0259n.vj\u025b\u02d0v by.\u0292o]; born July 1, 1942) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Anne Boleyn in the film Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), for which she won a Golden Globe Award and received an Academy Award nomination. Subsequent film credits include The Trojan Women (1971), Earthquake (1974), Obsession (1976), Coma (1978), Murder by Decree (1979), Tightrope (1984), Dead Ringers (1988), The House of Yes (1997), and Still Mine (2012).", "Q2173138": "Auguste Mimerel (1 June 1786 \u2013 16 April 1871) was a French industrialist and politician.\nHe was owner of a large cotton mill, and was active in industry associations.\nHe supported the use of child labor, and was in favor of high tariffs to protect domestic industry.\nHe became a deputy in the legislature in the short-lived French Second Republic, then a senator during the Second French Empire.\nIn 1867 he was made a Count of the Empire.", "Q91174": "Hermann Greulich (9 April 1842, Breslau - 8 November 1925), was a Swiss socialist politician. Greulich was a pioneer of the international socialist movement. He worked side by side with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the First International, and was later active in the Second International.\nGreulich died 1925 in Z\u00fcrich.", "Q45443": "Alfons Schuhbeck (born on May 2, 1949) is one of Germany's top chefs, as well as being a restaurateur, celebrity chef, author and businessman.", "Q1454": "North Carolina ( (listen)) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States. North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and South Carolina to the south, and Tennessee to the west. Raleigh is the state's capital and Charlotte is its largest city. The Charlotte metropolitan area, with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018, is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina, the 23rd-most populous in the United States, and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City. The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state, with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018, and is home to the largest research park in the United States, Research Triangle Park.\nNorth Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies. North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony, with Carolus being Latin for \"Charles\". On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution. In the run-up to the American Civil War, North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20, 1861, becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States. Following the Civil War, the state was restored to the Union on June 25, 1868. On December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world's first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina's Outer Banks. North Carolina formerly used the slogan \"First in Flight\" on state license plates to commemorate this achievement. New plates use the slogan \"First in Freedom\" in reference to the Mecklenburg Declaration.\nNorth Carolina is defined by a wide range of elevations and landscapes. From west to east, North Carolina's elevation descends from the Appalachian Mountains to the Piedmont and Atlantic coastal plain. North Carolina's Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet (2,037 m) is the highest-point in North America east of the Mississippi River. Most of the state falls in the humid subtropical climate zone; however, the western, mountainous part of the state has a subtropical highland climate.", "Q378958": "The Black Crowes are an American rock band formed in 1984. Their discography includes eight studio albums, four live albums and several charting singles. The band was signed to Def American Recordings in 1989 by producer George Drakoulias and released their debut album, Shake Your Money Maker, the following year. The follow-up, The Southern Harmony and Musical Companion, reached the top of the Billboard 200 in 1992. After a hiatus between 2002 and 2005, the band regrouped and toured for several years before releasing Warpaint in 2008, which hit number 5 on the Billboard chart. After the release of a greatest hits/acoustic double album Croweology in August 2010, the band started a 20th anniversary tour that was followed by a second hiatus. After touring in 2013, the band announced another break-up in 2015. The band reformed in late 2019 to announce a 2020 tour in support of the 30th anniversary of Shake Your Money Maker with no original members except Chris and Rich Robinson.\nThe band sold more than 30 million albums, and is listed at number 92 on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock. They were labeled by Melody Maker as \"The Most Rock 'n' Roll Rock 'n' Roll Band in the World\" and the readers of Rolling Stone voted them 'Best New American Band' in 1990.", "Q380985": "Aleksandras Stulginskis [\u0250l\u02b2\u025bk\u02c8s\u0250\u0302\u02d1ndr\u0250s st\u028al\u02b2\u02c8\u0261\u02b2\u026a\u0302n\u02b2s\u02b2k\u02b2\u026as] (listen) (February 26, 1885 \u2013 September 22, 1969) was the second President of Lithuania (1920\u20131926). Stulginskis was also acting President of Lithuania for a few hours later in 1926, following a military coup that was led by his predecessor, President Antanas Smetona, and which had brought down Stulginskis's successor, Kazys Grinius. The coup returned Smetona to office after Stulginskis's brief formal assumption of the Presidency.\nHe began his theological studies in Kaunas and continued in Innsbruck, Austria. However, he decided not to become a priest and moved to the Institute of Agricultural Sciences in University of Halle. He graduated in 1913 and returned to Lithuania. There he started to work as a farmer. He published many articles on agronomy in Lithuanian press. In 1918 he started to publish journals \u016akininkas (\"Farmer\") and \u016akininko kalendorius (\"Farmer's Calendar\").\nDuring World War I he moved to Vilnius. He was one of the founders of the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party and the head of its Central Committee in 1917. He signed the memorandum for the president Woodrow Wilson, addressing the question of the recognition of the Lithuanian statehood by the United States. Contrary to Smetona's views, Stulginskis was oriented towards the Entente. He was one of co-organizers of the Vilnius Conference. After, he was elected to the Council of Lithuania.\nOn February 16, 1918, he signed the Act of Independence of Lithuania. He was an advocate of the democratic republic as the form of the Lithuanian state. Thus, he strongly opposed the idea of monarchy (actually, Mindaugas II was the King of Lithuania from 11 July to 2 November 1918). In independent Lithuania Stulginskis was in charge of organizing the national army to defend the country against the aggressions of Bolsheviks and Poles.\nMany times served as a minister, May 1920 \u2013 1922 he was Speaker of the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania and thus acting president of the republic. 1922-1926 he was the second President of Lithuania. Stulginskis was Speaker of the Seimas 1926-1927.He withdrew from politics in 1927, and worked on his farm. In 1941 Stulginskis and his wife were arrested by the Soviet NKVD and deported to a gulag in the Krasnoyarsk region, while his wife was deported to the Komi area. After World War II in 1952 he was officially sentenced by the Soviet authorities to 25 years in prison for his anti-socialist and clerical policies in pre-war Lithuania.\nReleased after Joseph Stalin's death in 1956, he was allowed to emigrate, yet he refused and returned to Lithuanian SSR. Stulginskis settled in Kaunas, where he died on September 22, 1969, aged 84, the last of the Signatories of the Act of Independence of Lithuania.", "Q239910": "Shirley Hardie Jackson (December 14, 1916 \u2013 August 8, 1965) was an American writer, known primarily for her works of horror and mystery. Over the duration of her writing career, which spanned over two decades, she composed six novels, two memoirs, and more than 200 short stories.\nBorn in San Francisco, California, Jackson later attended Syracuse University in New York, where she became involved with the university's literary magazine and met her future husband Stanley Edgar Hyman. The couple settled in North Bennington, Vermont in 1940, after which Hyman established a career as a literary critic, and Jackson began writing.\nAfter publishing her debut novel The Road Through the Wall (1948), a semi-autobiographical account of her childhood in California, Jackson gained significant public attention for her short story \"The Lottery\", which details a sinister underside to a bucolic American village. She continued to publish numerous short stories in literary journals and magazines throughout the 1950s, some of which were assembled and reissued in her 1953 memoir Life Among the Savages. In 1959, she published The Haunting of Hill House, a supernatural horror novel widely considered to be one of the best ghost stories ever written.A reclusive woman, Jackson remained in North Bennington for the last years of her life, and was reluctant to discuss her work with the public. By the 1960s, her health began to deteriorate significantly as a result of her increasing weight and cigarette smoking, ultimately leading to her death due to a heart condition in 1965 at the age of 48. Jackson has been cited as an influence on a diverse set of authors, including Neil Gaiman, Stephen King, Sarah Waters, Nigel Kneale, Claire Fuller, Joanne Harris, and Richard Matheson.", "Q1961160": "Moscow State Mining University (\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 in Russian) is a Russian institute of higher education that prepares mining engineers.", "Q1393256": "John Elmer \"Jack\" Carson (October 27, 1910 \u2013 January 2, 1963) was a Canadian-born, American film actor. Though he was primarily used in supporting roles for comic relief, his work in films such as Mildred Pierce (1945) and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958) displayed his mastery of \"straight\" dramatic actor roles as well. He worked for RKO and MGM (cast opposite Myrna Loy and William Powell in Love Crazy, 1941), but most of his memorable work was for Warner Bros. His trademark character was the wisecracking know-it-all, typically and inevitably undone by his own smug cockiness.", "Q49279": "Tam Elizabeth O'Shaughnessy (born January 27, 1952) is an American children's science writer and former professional tennis player who co-founded, with Sally Ride, the science education company Sally Ride Science. The company was relaunched as a nonprofit entity, Sally Ride Science at UC San Diego, on October 1, 2015. O\u2019Shaughnessy serves as executive director.", "Q882940": "The Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund (German: [\u026ant\u0250natsjo\u02c8na\u02d0l\u0250 zotsja\u02c8l\u026ast\u026a\u0283\u0250 \u02c8kampfb\u028ant], \"International Socialist Militant League\") or ISK was a socialist split-off from the SPD during the Weimar Republic and was active in the German Resistance against Nazism.", "Q285157": "Anne Marie Sweeney (born November 4, 1957) is an American business woman. She was formerly the co-chair of Disney Media, President of the Disney\u2013ABC Television Group, and the President of Disney Channel from 1996 to 2014.\nIn March 2014, she announced that she would be leaving her position at the Walt Disney Company to become a television director. She is a member of\nthe George Foster Peabody Awards board of jurors.", "Q1971373": "The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the executive leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, acting between sessions of Congress. According to party statutes, the committee directed all party and governmental activities. Its members were elected by the Party Congress.\nDuring Vladimir Lenin's leadership of the Communist Party, the Central Committee functioned as the highest party authority between Congresses. However, the 8th Party Congress (held in 1919) established the Political Bureau (Politburo) to respond to questions needing immediate responses. Some delegates objected to the establishment of the Politburo, and in response, the Politburo became responsible to the Central Committee, and Central Committee members could participate in Politburo sessions with a consultative voice, but could not vote unless they were members. Following Lenin's death in January 1924, Joseph Stalin gradually increased his power in the Communist Party through the office of General Secretary of the Central Committee, the leading Secretary of the Secretariat. With Stalin's takeover, the role of the Central Committee was eclipsed by the Politburo, which consisted of a small clique of loyal Stalinists.\nBy the time of Stalin's death in 1953, the Central Committee had become largely a symbolic organ that was responsible to the Politburo, and not the other way around. The death of Stalin revitalised the Central Committee, and it became an important institution during the power struggle to succeed Stalin. Following Nikita Khrushchev's accession to power, the Central Committee still played a leading role; it overturned the Politburo's decision to remove Khrushchev from office in 1957. In 1964 the Central Committee ousted Khrushchev from power and elected Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary. The Central Committee was an important organ in the beginning of Brezhnev's rule, but lost effective power to the Politburo. From then on, until the era of Mikhail Gorbachev (General Secretary from 1985 to 1991), the Central Committee played a minor role in the running of the party and state \u2013 the Politburo once again operated as the highest political organ in the Soviet Union.", "Q220299": "Zoom (also known as Zoom: Academy for Superheroes) is a 2006 American family superhero adventure comedy film produced by Columbia Pictures and Revolution Studios and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. based upon the children's book Amazing Adventures from Zoom's Academy by Jason Lethcoe, the film stars Tim Allen, Courteney Cox, Chevy Chase, Ryan Newman, Kate Mara, Spencer Breslin, Michael Cassidy, Kevin Zegers, and Rip Torn. It was written by Adam Rifkin and David Berenbaum. It was theatrically (shivam) released on August 11, 2006 by Columbia Pictures.\nThe film was severely panned by critics and was a box office bomb, earning $12.5 million on a $75 million budget. Zoom was nominated for one Razzie Award, Worst Actor for Tim Allen (also nominated for The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause and The Shaggy Dog), but he lost to the Wayans brothers Marlon and Shawn Wayans for Little Man (which was also produced by Revolution Studios). Zoom was released on DVD on February 13, 2007 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.", "Q5632": "Meschede is a town in the Hochsauerland district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the district Hochsauerlandkreis.", "Q39946": "The Hidden Fortress (\u96a0\u3057\u7826\u306e\u4e09\u60aa\u4eba, Kakushi toride no san akunin, literally, \"The Three Villains of the Hidden Fortress\") is a 1958 jidaigeki adventure film directed by Akira Kurosawa. It narrates the story of two peasants who agree to escort a man and a woman across enemy lines in return for gold without knowing that he is a general and the woman is a princess. The film stars Toshiro Mifune as General Makabe Rokur\u014dta (\u771f\u58c1 \u516d\u90ce\u592a) and Misa Uehara as Princess Yuki while the role of the peasants, Tahei and Matashichi, are portrayed by Minoru Chiaki and Kamatari Fujiwara respectively.", "Q1307345": "The University of Maine (UMaine or Maine or formerly UMO) is a public research university in Orono, Maine. The university was established in 1865 as a land grant college and is the flagship university of the University of Maine System. The University of Maine is one of only a few land, sea and space grant institutions in the nation.\nWith an enrollment of approximately 11,500 students, UMaine is the state's largest college or university. The University of Maine's athletic teams, nicknamed the Black Bears, are Maine's only Division I athletics program. Maine's men's ice hockey team has won two national championships.", "Q77397": "Valentin Weigel (or Weichel; 7 August 1533, in Hayn \u2013 10 June 1588, in Zschopau) was a German theologian, philosopher and mystical writer, from Saxony, and an important precursor of later theosophy. In English he is often called Valentine Weigel.\nHe was born at Hayn, near Dresden, into a Catholic family. He studied at Meissen, Leipzig, and Wittenberg. In 1567 he became a Lutheran pastor at Zschopau, near Chemnitz. There, he lived out a quiet life, engaged in his writings.\nWeigel was best known for his belief that the Virgin Mary was herself the product of a virgin birth. He based his belief on the idea of the immaculate conception, which required that Mary must also be sinless in order to bear God in the flesh. He kept his ideas secret, entrusting them only to personal friends (in contrast to Jakob B\u00f6hme). He carried out his parochial duties and kept a low profile. He left around 6000 pages in printed or manuscript works. His ideas on human nature were only gradually and posthumously published. Johann Arndt, Gottfried Arnold, and Gottfried Leibniz helped to spread Weigel's ideas. His teachings are known as Weigelianism.His mysticism was marked by that of Johannes Tauler and by doctrines of Paracelsus; he was also a follower of Sebastian Franck and Caspar Schwenckfeldt. Like these two latter, he emphasized the inner life. He advocated a \"spiritual church\" in which one could know Christ without books or scripture.", "Q105937": "Wendell Meredith Stanley (16 August 1904 \u2013 15 June 1971) was an American biochemist, virologist and Nobel laureate.\n\n", "Q335680": "James Thomas Fallon (born September 19, 1974) is an American comedian, actor, television host, writer, and producer. He is known for his work in television as a cast member on Saturday Night Live and as the host of late-night talk show The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon and before that Late Night with Jimmy Fallon. He grew up with an interest in comedy and music, moving to Los Angeles at 21 to pursue opportunities in stand-up comedy.\nHe was commissioned to join NBC's Saturday Night Live as a cast member in 1998, fulfilling a lifelong dream. Fallon remained on SNL for six years between 1998 and 2004, co-hosting the program's Weekend Update segment and becoming a celebrity in the process. He left the program for the film industry, starring in films such as Taxi (2004) and Fever Pitch (2005).\nFollowing his film career, Fallon returned to television as the host of Late Night with Jimmy Fallon on NBC studios in 2009, where he became well known for his emphasis on music and video games. He moved from that program to become the sixth permanent host of the long-running The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon in 2014. In addition to his television work, Fallon has released two comedy albums and five books.", "Q387032": "Walled In is a Canadian-made 2009 horror-thriller directed and co-written by Gilles Paquet-Brenner and starring Mischa Barton, Cameron Bright, and Deborah Kara Unger. The film is based on the best-selling French novel Les Emmur\u00e9s by Serge Brussolo. It is Paquet-Brenner's English-language film debut.\n\n", "Q67184": "H\u00e4gendorf is a municipality in the district of Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q7270525": "Sylvia Nagginda (born 9 November 1964) is the current Nnabagereka or Queen of Buganda, a historic kingdom in modern-day Uganda.", "Q935734": "Jared Schutz Polis (; born May 12, 1975) is an American politician, entrepreneur, and philanthropist serving as the 43rd governor of Colorado since January 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, he served one term on the Colorado State Board of Education from 2001 to 2007 and five terms as the United States Representative from Colorado's 2nd congressional district from 2009 to 2019. During his time in Congress, he was the only Democratic member of the libertarian conservative Liberty Caucus. He was elected governor of Colorado in 2018, defeating Republican nominee Walker Stapleton.\nAs an openly gay man, Polis has made history several times through his electoral success. In 2008, he became the first openly LGBT parent elected to the United States Congress. In 2018, he became the first openly gay person and second openly LGBT person (after Kate Brown of Oregon) elected governor of a state in the United States. He is also the first Jewish person elected governor of Colorado. He has also made a name for himself since his election in challenging or outright disregarding U.S. Federal Law, including immigration law, on what many say is partisan grounds alone. \n\n", "Q313135": "Reginald Quincy \"Fieldy\" Arvizu (born November 2, 1969 in Bakersfield, California) is an American musician. He is best known as the bassist for the band Korn, and guitarist for the hard rock band StillWell.", "Q5626": "Eudes of Deuil or Odo, Odon(1110 \u2013 April 18, 1162) was a French historian and participant of the Second Crusade (1147\u20131149).\nBorn at Deuil to a modest family, he became a monk and was a confidant of Suger, abbot of Saint-Denis. He took part in the Second Crusade in 1147, and served as the chaplain of Louis VII on the expedition.His narrative of the Crusade is entitled De profectione Ludovici VII in Orientem (On Louis VII's journey to the East), which relates the progress of the crusade from France to Antioch. It was written so that Suger could compose a history of Louis' life. Eudes explains the failure of the crusade in terms of human action rather than as the will of God, in contrast to the reasoning of Otto of Freising. His aims were to glorify Louis, but also to provide a guide for future crusaders so that the mistakes of the Second Crusade would not be repeated.\nEudes blamed the Byzantine Empire under Manuel Comnenus for the downfall of the crusade. Eudes' prejudice against Byzantium led Runciman to describe Eudes as \"hysterically anti-Greek.\" However, Phillips has recently argued that Eudes' view of Byzantium was possibly rooted in ideological differences which minor skirmishes between the crusaders and Greeks had brought to the fore. His prejudice should also be set against the experience of Conrad III of Germany, who wrote that Manuel treated him as a \"brother.\"\nEudes' account ends with the remnant of the crusade arriving at Antioch, and so does not include a description of the Siege of Damascus.\nHe returned to France and became abbot of Saint-Denis in 1151.", "Q325487": "Myron Leon \"Mike\" Wallace (May 9, 1918 \u2013 April 7, 2012) was an American journalist, game show host, actor, and media personality. He interviewed a wide range of prominent newsmakers during his seven-decade career. He was one of the original correspondents for CBS' 60 Minutes, which debuted in 1968. Wallace retired as a regular full-time correspondent in 2006, but still appeared occasionally on the series until 2008.\nWallace interviewed many politicians, celebrities, and academics, such as Pearl S. Buck, Deng Xiaoping, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Jiang Zemin, Ruhollah Khomeini, Kurt Waldheim, Frank Lloyd Wright, Yasser Arafat, Menachem Begin, Anwar Sadat, Manuel Noriega, John Nash, Gordon B. Hinckley, Vladimir Putin, Maria Callas, Barbra Streisand, Salvador Dal\u00ed, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Mickey Cohen, Jimmy Fratianno, and Ayn Rand.", "Q94018": "Alfred Schutz (; born Alfred Sch\u00fctz, German: [\u0283\u028fts]; 1899\u20131959) was an Austrian philosopher and social phenomenologist whose work bridged sociological and phenomenological traditions. Schutz is gradually being recognized as one of the twentieth century's leading philosophers of social science. He related Edmund Husserl's work to the social sciences, and influenced Max Weber's legacy of philosophical foundations for sociology and economics through Schutz's major work, Phenomenology of the Social World.\n\n", "Q314882": "Shaun Terence Young (20 June 1915 \u2013 7 September 1994) was a British film director and screenwriter best known for directing three James Bond films, including the first two films in the series, Dr. No (1962) and From Russia with Love (1963), as well as Thunderball (1965).", "Q4538": "Jonathan Harshman Winters III (November 11, 1925 \u2013 April 11, 2013) was an American comedian, actor, author, television host, and artist. Beginning in 1960, Winters recorded many classic comedy albums for the Verve Records label. He also had records released every decade for over 50 years, receiving 11 Grammy nominations, including eight for Best Comedy Album, during his career. From these nominations, he won the Grammy Award for Best Album for Children for his contribution to an adaptation of The Little Prince in 1975 and the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Comedy Album for Crank(y) Calls in 1996.\nWith a career spanning more than six decades, Winters also appeared in hundreds of television shows and films, including eccentric characters on The Steve Allen Show, The Garry Moore Show, The Wacky World of Jonathan Winters (1972\u201374), Mork & Mindy, Hee Haw, and It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World. He also voiced Grandpa Smurf on The Smurfs TV series from 1986 to the show's conclusion in 1989. Over twenty years later, Winters was introduced to a new generation through voicing Papa Smurf in The Smurfs (2011) and The Smurfs 2 (2013). Winters died nine days after recording his dialogue for The Smurfs 2; the film was dedicated in his memory.\nIn 1991, Winters won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for playing Gunny Davis in the short-lived sitcom Davis Rules. 1999 saw Winters become the 2nd recipient of the prestigious Mark Twain Prize for American Humor. In 2002, he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for his performance as Q.T. Marlens on Life with Bonnie. Winters was presented with a Pioneer TV Land Award by Robin Williams in 2008.\nWinters also spent time painting and presenting his artwork, including silkscreens and sketches, in many gallery shows. He authored several books, with his book of short stories entitled Winters' Tales (1988) making several bestseller lists.\n\n", "Q124735": "Charles Walter Stansby Williams (20 September 1886 \u2013 15 May 1945) was a British poet, novelist, playwright, theologian, literary critic, and member of the Inklings.", "Q201243": "Slutsk (officially transliterated as Sluck, Belarusian: \u0421\u043b\u0443\u0446\u043a; Russian: \u0421\u043b\u0443\u0446\u043a; Polish: S\u0142uck, Lithuanian: Sluckas, Yiddish/Hebrew: \u05e1\u05dc\u05d5\u05e6\u05e7 Slutsk) is a city in Belarus, located on the Sluch River 105 km (65 mi) south of Minsk. As of 2010 its population is of 61,400. Slutsk is the administrative center of Slutsk District.\n\n", "Q324941": "\u017bnin [\u0290\u0272in] (listen) (German: Znin, 1941-45: Dietfurt) is a small town in Poland with a population of 14,181 (June 2014). It is in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (previously Bydgoszcz Voivodeship) and is the capital of \u017bnin County. The historical town, initially established in the 11th century, is situated in the historic land of Pa\u0142uki and the Gniezno Lake Area on the river G\u0105sawka.\n\n", "Q150": "French (fran\u00e7ais [f\u0281\u0251\u0303s\u025b] or la langue fran\u00e7aise [la l\u0251\u0303\u0261 f\u0281\u0251\u0303s\u025b\u02d0z]) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'o\u00efl\u2014languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French (Francien) largely supplanted. French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the (Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French.\nFrench is an official language in 29 countries across multiple continents, most of which are members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), the community of 84 countries which share the official use or teaching of French. French is also one of six official languages used in the United Nations. It is spoken as a first language (in descending order of the number of speakers) in France, the Canadian provinces of Quebec, Ontario and New Brunswick as well as other Francophone regions, Belgium (Wallonia and the Brussels-Capital Region), western Switzerland (cantons of Bern, Fribourg, Geneva, Jura, Neuch\u00e2tel, Vaud, Valais), Monaco, partly in Luxembourg, the states of Louisiana, Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont in the United States, and in northwestern Italy (region of Aosta Valley), and by various communities elsewhere.In 2015, approximately 40% of the francophone population (including L2 and partial speakers) lived in Europe, 35% in sub-Saharan Africa, 15% in North Africa and the Middle East, 8% in the Americas, and 1% in Asia and Oceania. French is the fourth most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union. Of Europeans who speak other languages natively, approximately one-fifth are able to speak French as a second language. French is the second most taught foreign language in the EU. French is also the 18th most natively spoken language in the world, 6th most spoken language by total number of speakers and the second or third most studied language worldwide (with about 120 million current learners). As a result of French and Belgian colonialism from the 16th century onward, French was introduced to new territories in the Americas, Africa and Asia. Most second-language speakers reside in Francophone Africa, in particular Gabon, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Mauritius, Senegal and Ivory Coast.French is estimated to have about 76 million native speakers and about 235 million daily, fluent speakers and another 77 to 110 million secondary speakers who speak it as a second language to varying degrees of proficiency, mainly in Africa. According to the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), approximately 300 million people worldwide are \"able to speak the language\", without specifying the criteria for this estimation or whom it encompasses. According to a demographic projection led by the Universit\u00e9 Laval and the R\u00e9seau D\u00e9mographie de l'Agence universitaire de la francophonie, the total number of French speakers will reach approximately 500 million in 2025 and 650 million by 2050. OIF estimates 700 million by 2050, 80% of whom will be in Africa.French has a long history as an international language of literature and scientific standards and is a primary or second language of many international organisations including the United Nations, the European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the World Trade Organization, the International Olympic Committee, and the International Committee of the Red Cross. In 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek ranked French the third most useful language for business, after English and Standard Mandarin Chinese.", "Q105923": "Hugo von Trimberg (born circa 1230/1235 in Wern(a), now either Ober- or Niederwerrn near Schweinfurt \u2013 died after 1313 in Bamberg-Theuerstadt) was a German Catholic didactic author of the Middle Ages.\nAround 1260 he came to the religious foundation of St. Gangolf in the Bamberg suburb of Theuerstadt, where surviving documents mention him as a teacher . He later became Rector, which he remained until 1300 or so. He was noted in his own day, and is now remembered for his didactic writing, much of which was primarily aimed at his own students.", "Q726379": "Douglas Arthur \"Doug\" Wimbish (born September 22, 1956) is an American bass player, primarily known for being a member of rock band Living Colour and funk/dub/hip hop collective Tackhead, and as a session musician with artists such as Sugarhill Gang, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, The Rolling Stones, Mick Jagger, Depeche Mode, James Brown, Annie Lennox, and Barrington Levy (as well as his studio work for the rap/hip hop label Sugarhill Records and the experimental dub label On-U Sound).", "Q3445232": "Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences or the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb (Croatian: Filozofski fakultet Sveu\u010dili\u0161ta u Zagrebu) is one of the faculties of the University of Zagreb.", "Q243070": "Juliet Evangeline, Lady Rhys-Williams, (n\u00e9e Glyn; 17 December 1898 \u2013 18 September 1964) was a British writer and a Liberal Party politician who later joined the Conservative Party.", "Q482477": "Blink-182 (often stylized in all lowercase as blink-182) is an American rock band formed in Poway, California in 1992. Since 2015, the lineup of the band has consisted of bass guitarist and vocalist Mark Hoppus, drummer Travis Barker, and guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba. Founded by Hoppus, guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge, and drummer Scott Raynor, the band emerged from the Southern California punk scene of the early 1990s and first gained notoriety for high-energy live shows and irreverent lyrical toilet humor. Bassist Mark Hoppus is the only constant band member.\nIn its early years, Blink-182 toured heavily behind the band's debut, Cheshire Cat (1995). The group signed with major label MCA Records to co-distribute its second album, Dude Ranch (1997). Raynor was fired midway through a 1998 tour and replaced by Barker. The group's next two releases, Enema of the State (1999) and Take Off Your Pants and Jacket (2001), were enormous successes on the strength of radio and MTV airplay. Blink-182 followed in 2003 and marked a stylistic shift for the group. DeLonge quit in 2005, sending the band into what was termed an \"indefinite hiatus\". They reunited in 2009, producing the trio's sixth album, Neighborhoods (2011). In 2015, DeLonge again exited and was replaced by Alkaline Trio frontman Matt Skiba, with their resulting seventh studio album, California, being released on July 1, 2016. Their most recent effort titled Nine, was released on September 20, 2019.\nAccording to Alternative Press magazine, Blink-182 is considered a key group in the development of pop punk; the band's combination of pop music melodies with fast-paced punk rock featured a more radio-friendly accessibility than prior bands. The trio has sold over thirteen million albums in the United States, and over 50 million albums worldwide. In 2011, The New York Times asserted, \"no punk band of the 1990s has been more influential than Blink-182\", and even as the band receded after its 2005 split, \"its sound and style could be heard in the muscular pop punk of Fall Out Boy or in the current wave of high-gloss Warped Tour punk bands, like All Time Low and The Maine.\"", "Q781878": "Saunders Teddell, or Saunders Terrell (or other variants, sources differ) (October 24, 1911 \u2013 March 11, 1986), known as Sonny Terry, was an American Piedmont blues and folk musician, who was known for his energetic blues harmonica style, which frequently included vocal whoops and hollers and occasionally imitations of trains and fox hunts.", "Q1132346": "North Carolina State University (also referred to as NCSU, NC State, or just State) is a public land-grant research university in Raleigh, North Carolina. Founded in 1887 and part of the University of North Carolina system, it is the largest university in the Carolinas. The university forms one of the corners of the Research Triangle together with Duke University in Durham and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.\nThe North Carolina General Assembly established the North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, now NC State, on March 7, 1887, originally as a land-grant college. Today, NC State has an enrollment of more than 35,000 students, making it among the largest in the country. NC State has historical strengths in engineering, statistics, agriculture, life sciences, textiles and design and offers bachelor's degrees in 106 fields of study. The graduate school offers master's degrees in 104 fields, doctoral degrees in 61 fields, and a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.", "Q287754": "Bokuz\u014d Masana (\u6b63\u540d \u50d5\u8535, Masana Bokuz\u014d) is a Japanese actor.\nMasana starred as Asao Konishi in L: Change the WorLd.\n\n", "Q1201052": "The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (Norwegian: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab, DKNVS) is a Norwegian learned society based in Trondheim. It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King Harald V of Norway. Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists.", "Q438841": "Jennifer Elise Cox (born November 29, 1969) is an American actress known for her satirical portrayal of Jan Brady in The Brady Bunch Movie.", "Q178738": "Samuel Whittlesey Dana (February 13, 1760 \u2013 July 21, 1830) was an American lawyer and politician from Middletown, Connecticut. He represented Connecticut in both the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate.", "Q3829007": "Out (\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8) is a 1997 Japanese crime novel written by Japanese author Natsuo Kirino and published in English in 2004. The novel won the 51st Mystery Writers of Japan Award for Best Novel. It is her first novel to be published in the English language. The book is currently published by Vintage, part of Random House, in Britain and has been translated into English by Stephen Snyder. The English translation was nominated for the 2004 Edgar Award for Best Novel.\nA Japanese film adaptation of Out, directed by Hirayama Hideyuki, was released in 2002 to generally tepid reviews. According to Variety (on-line edition), New Line Cinema has purchased the rights for an American version, to be directed by Nakata Hideo (Ring, Ring 2).", "Q232851": "Rebecca De Mornay (born Rebecca Jane Pearch; August 29, 1959) is an American actress and producer. Her breakthrough film role came in 1983, when she starred as Lana in Risky Business. She is known for her role as Debby Huston in the Neil Simon movie The Slugger's Wife. Rebecca is also known for her portrayals of Sara in Runaway Train (1985), Thelma in The Trip to Bountiful (1985), Helen McCaffrey in Backdraft (1991), and Peyton Flanders in The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (1992).\nHer other film credits include The Three Musketeers (1993), Never Talk to Strangers (1995), Identity (2003), Lords of Dogtown, Wedding Crashers (both 2005), and Mother's Day (2010). On television, she starred as Wendy Torrance in the miniseries adaptation of The Shining (1997), and as Dorothy Walker on Marvel's Jessica Jones (2015\u201319).", "Q214128": "Dora Diamant (Dwojra Diament, also Dymant) (4 March 1898 \u2013 15 August 1952) is best remembered as the lover of the writer Franz Kafka and the person who kept some of his last writings in her possession until they were confiscated by the Gestapo in 1933. This retention was against the wishes of Kafka, who had requested shortly before his death that they be destroyed.", "Q65787": "Amlikon-Bissegg is a municipality in the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.\nThe municipality was created on 1 January 1995 by a merger of Amlikon, Bissegg, Griesenberg and Strohwilen.", "Q1990833": "Nikolay Yefimovich Kruchina (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0415\u0444\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430; 14 May 1928, Siberian Krai (now Altai Krai) - 26 August 1991, Moscow), was a top Soviet communist official, the administrator of affairs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) since 1983 and until his death, effectively the party's chief treasurer who was responsible for its enormous assets (popularly dubbed as the party's gold, Russian: \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438), estimated to be worth nearly $9 billion, which have never been located thereafter.", "Q1440": "Didius Julianus (; Latin: Marcus Didius Severus Julianus Augustus; born 30 January 133 or 2 February 137 \u2013 1 June 193) was the emperor of Rome for nine weeks from March to June 193, during the Year of the Five Emperors.\nJulianus had a promising political career, governing several provinces, including Dalmatia and Germania Inferior, and successfully defeating the Chauci and Chatti, two invading Germanic tribes. He was even appointed to the consulship in 175 along with Pertinax as a reward, before being demoted by Commodus. After this demotion, his early, promising political career languished.\nHe ascended the throne after buying it from the Praetorian Guard, who had assassinated his predecessor Pertinax. A civil war ensued in which three rival generals laid claim to the imperial throne. Septimius Severus, commander of the legions in Pannonia and the nearest of the generals to Rome, marched on the capital, gathering support along the way and routing cohorts of the Praetorian Guard Didius Julianus sent to meet him. \nAbandoned by the Senate and the Praetorian Guard, Julianus was killed by a soldier in the palace and succeeded by Severus.", "Q543559": "Kalle Lasn (Estonian pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u0251l\u02d1\u025b \u02c8l\u0251sn\u0325]) (born March 24, 1942) is an Estonian-Canadian film maker, author, magazine editor, and activist. Near the end of World War II, his family fled Estonia and Lasn spent some time in a German refugee camp. At age seven he was resettled in Australia with his family, where he grew up and remained until the late 1960s, attending school in Canberra. In the late 1960's, he founded a market research company in Tokyo, and in 1970, moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Over the course of twenty years, he produced documentaries for PBS and Canada\u2019s National Film Board. He currently resides in Vancouver, British Columbia.He is the co-founder of Adbusters magazine and author of the books Culture Jam and Design Anarchy and is the co-founder of the Adbusters Media Foundation, which owns the magazine. He reportedly started Adbusters after an epiphany that there was something profoundly wrong with consumerism. It happened in a supermarket parking lot. Frustrated that he had to insert a quarter to use a shopping cart, he jammed a bent coin in so that the machine became inoperable. This act of vandalism was his first (quite literal) \"culture jam\"\u2014defined as an act designed to subvert mainstream society.", "Q14618": "Sch\u00f6tz is a municipality in the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Ohmstal merged into the municipality of Sch\u00f6tz.", "Q213121": "New-age music is a genre of music intended to create artistic inspiration, relaxation, and optimism. It is used by listeners for yoga, massage, meditation, reading as a method of stress management to bring about a state of ecstasy rather than trance, or to create a peaceful atmosphere in their home or other environments, and is associated with environmentalism and New Age spirituality.New-age music includes both acoustic forms, featuring instruments such as flutes, piano, acoustic guitar and a wide variety of non-Western acoustic instruments, and electronic forms, frequently relying on sustained synth pads or long sequencer-based runs. Vocal arrangements were initially rare in the genre, but as it has evolved vocals have become more common, especially those featuring Native American-, Sanskrit-, or Tibetan-influenced chants, or lyrics based on mythology such as Celtic legends.There is no exact definition of new-age music. An article in Billboard magazine in 1987 commented that \"New Age music may be the most startling successful non-defined music ever to hit the public consciousness\". Many consider it to be an umbrella term for marketing rather than a musical category, and to be part of a complex cultural trend.New-age music was influenced by a wide range of artists from a variety of genres. Tony Scott's Music for Zen Meditation (1964) is considered to be the first new-age recording. Paul Horn (beginning with 1968's Inside) was one of the important predecessors. Irv Teibel's Environments series (1969\u201379) featured natural soundscapes, tintinnabulation, and \"Om\" chants and were some of the first publicly available psychoacoustic recordings. Steven Halpern's 1975 Spectrum Suite was a key work that began the new-age music movement.", "Q235858": "Folk music includes traditional folk music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th-century folk revival. Some types of folk music may be called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers, or music performed by custom over a long period of time. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. The term originated in the 19th century, but folk music extends beyond that.\nStarting in the mid-20th century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is sometimes called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller, similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times, but the term folk music has typically not been applied to the new music created during those revivals. This type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, and others. While contemporary folk music is a genre generally distinct from traditional folk music, in U.S. English it shares the same name, and it often shares the same performers and venues as traditional folk music.", "Q1326": "Federico Marcos del Rosario Err\u00e1zuriz Za\u00f1artu (American Spanish: [fe\u00f0e\u02c8\u027eico e\u02c8rasu\u027eis sa\u02c8\u0272a\u027etu]; April 25, 1825 \u2013 July 20, 1877) was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile between 1871 and 1876.", "Q126644": "Solomon Porcius Sharp (August 22, 1787 \u2013 November 7, 1825) was an American attorney and politician, serving as attorney general of Kentucky and a member of the United States Congress and the Kentucky General Assembly. His murder by Jereboam O. Beauchamp in 1825 is referred to as the Beauchamp\u2013Sharp Tragedy or \"The Kentucky Tragedy.\"\nSharp began his political career representing Warren County, in the Kentucky House of Representatives. He briefly served in the War of 1812, then returned to Kentucky and was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1813. He was re-elected to a second term, though his support of a controversial bill regarding legislator salaries cost him his seat in 1816. Allied with Kentucky's Debt Relief Party, he returned to the Kentucky House in 1817; in 1821, he accepted Governor John Adair's appointment to the post of Attorney General of Kentucky. Adair's successor, Joseph Desha, re-appointed him to this position. In 1825, Sharp resigned as attorney general to return to the Kentucky House.\nIn 1820, rumors surfaced that Sharp had fathered a stillborn illegitimate child with Anna Cooke, a planter's daughter. Sharp denied the charge, and the immediate political effects were minimal. When the charges were repeated during Sharp's 1825 General Assembly campaign, opponents publicized the allegation that the child was a mulatto. Whether Sharp made such a claim, or whether it was a rumor started by his political enemies, remains in doubt. Jereboam Beauchamp, who had married Cooke in 1824, avenged the honor of his wife by fatally stabbing Sharp at his home early on the morning of November 7, 1825. Sharp's murder inspired fictional works, most notably Edgar Allan Poe's unfinished play Politian and Robert Penn Warren's novel World Enough and Time (1950).\n\n", "Q382638": "Enzo Biagi (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025bntso \u02c8bja\u02d0d\u0292i]; 9 August 1920 \u2013 6 November 2007) was an Italian journalist and writer.", "Q308515": "' of Russia.", "Q288301": "William Thomas Stead (5 July 1849 \u2013 15 April 1912) was a British newspaper editor who, as a pioneer of investigative journalism, became a controversial figure of the Victorian era. Stead published a series of hugely influential campaigns whilst editor of The Pall Mall Gazette, and he is best known for his 1885 series of articles, The Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon. These were written in support of a bill, later dubbed the \"Stead Act\", that raised the age of consent from 13 to 16.Stead's \"new journalism\" paved the way for the modern tabloid in Great Britain. He is considered to have influenced how the press could be used to influence public opinion and government policy, and advocated \"Government by Journalism\". He was known for his reportage on child welfare, social legislation and reformation of England's criminal codes.\nStead died in the sinking of the RMS Titanic.", "Q97277": "Ernst Karl Ferdinand von Prittwitz und Gaffron (20 January 1833 \u2013 24 February 1904) was a Royal Prussian Lieutenant General and Knight of Justice of the Order of Saint John.\n\n", "Q358322": "Donald Siegel (; October 26, 1912 \u2013 April 20, 1991) was an American film director and producer. His name variously appeared in the credits of his films as both Don Siegel and Donald Siegel. He is best known for the original sci-fi film Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956), as well as five films with Clint Eastwood, including the police thriller Dirty Harry (1971) and the prison drama Escape from Alcatraz (1979), and John Wayne's final film, the 1976 Western The Shootist.", "Q3455747": "R\u00e9gis Labeaume (born May 2, 1956) is a Canadian businessman, writer and politician, currently serving as mayor of Quebec City. He was first elected on December 2, 2007 after the death of former mayor Andr\u00e9e Boucher. He was reelected in 2009, 2013, and 2017.", "Q722679": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Andr\u00e9 Clervoy (born 19 November 1958) is a French engineer and a CNES and ESA astronaut. He is a veteran of three NASA Space Shuttle missions.\n\n", "Q971610": "John (Jack) Peters (born 1951) is an American International Master of chess. He currently teaches at University of Southern California, and is known for his weekly Los Angeles Times chess column which ran from September 19, 1982 to November 28, 2010.As of November 2014, his FIDE rating is 2356.", "Q130026": "Robert Patrick Webb (born 29 September 1972) is an English comedian, actor and writer, and one half of the double act Mitchell and Webb, alongside David Mitchell. The two starred in the Channel 4 sitcom Peep Show and the sketch comedy programme That Mitchell and Webb Look, for which they then performed a stage adaption, The Two Faces of Mitchell and Webb. A film, Magicians, was released in 2007. The duo also starred in the short-lived Ambassadors. Webb headed the critically acclaimed sitcom The Smoking Room and was a performer in the sketch show Bruiser. Since 2017 he has starred alongside Mitchell in the Channel 4 comedy-drama Back.\nWebb is also a regular comedy panelist, appearing in shows such as The Bubble, Have I Got News for You, Never Mind the Buzzcocks, QI, Mastermind, Was It Something I Said, and Argumental. He has also hosted and narrated several programmes. His other sitcom appearances include Blessed, The Bleak Old Shop of Stuff and Fresh Meat.", "Q937645": "Michiel Coxie, Coxie also spelled van Coxcie or de Coxien, Latinised name Coxius (1499 \u2013 3 March 1592), was a Flemish painter who studied under Bernard van Orley, who probably induced him to visit the Italian peninsula.", "Q73683": "Peter Lilienthal (born 27 November 1929) is a German film director, writer, actor and producer. His 1979 film David won the Golden Bear at the 29th Berlin International Film Festival. His 1984 film Das Autogramm was entered into the 34th Berlin International Film Festival. In 1996, he was a member of the jury at the 46th Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q62956": "Caroline Link (born 2 June 1964 in Bad Nauheim, West Germany), is a German film director and screenwriter.", "Q3535919": "William Jacobus vanden Heuvel (born April 14, 1930) is an American attorney, businessman and author, as well as a former diplomat. He is the father of Katrina vanden Heuvel, longtime editor of The Nation magazine, and Wendy vanden Heuvel, children from his marriage to author/editor Jean Stein, wealthy daughter of Jules C. Stein, founder of MCA.", "Q1523902": "The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University (Romanian: Universitatea \u201eAlexandru Ioan Cuza\"; acronym: UAIC) is a public university located in Ia\u0219i, Romania. Founded one year after the establishment of the Romanian state, by an 1860 decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza, under whom the former Academia Mih\u0103ilean\u0103 was converted to a university, the University of Ia\u0219i, as it was named at first, is the oldest university of Romania, and one of its advanced research and education institutions. It is one of the five members of the Universitaria Consortium (the group of elite Romanian universities).The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University offers study programmes in Romanian, English, and French. In 2008, for the third year in a row, it was placed first in the national research ranking compiled on the basis of Shanghai criteria. In the 2012 QS World University Rankings, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University was included in the Top 700 universities of the world, on the position 601+ , together with three other Romanian universities.The University is a member of some of the most important university networks and associations: the Coimbra Group (CG), Utrecht Network, European University Association (EUA), International Association of Universities (IAU), University Agency of Francophony (AUF), and the Network of Francophone Universities (RUFAC).", "Q93011": "Simon Tatham (born 3 May 1977) is a British computer programmer. He created and maintains PuTTY, a free software implementation of Secure Shell (SSH) and Telnet for Microsoft Windows and Unix, along with an xterm terminal emulator. He is also the original author of Netwide Assembler (NASM), and maintains a collection of small computer programs which implement one-player puzzle games. All of them run natively on Nintendo DS, Symbian S60, Unix (GTK+; Android, MacOS), and Windows.\nHe attended University of Cambridge, and currently works at ARM Holdings.\n\n", "Q636": "Catherine Bush (born 30 July 1958) is an English singer, songwriter, and record producer. In 1978, aged 19, she topped the UK Singles Chart for four weeks with her debut single \"Wuthering Heights\", becoming the first female artist to achieve a UK number one with a self-written song. She has since released 25 UK Top 40 singles, including the Top 10 hits \"The Man with the Child in His Eyes\", \"Babooshka\", \"Running Up That Hill\", \"Don't Give Up\" (a duet with Peter Gabriel), and \"King of the Mountain\". All 10 of her studio albums reached the UK Top 10, including the UK number-one albums Never for Ever (1980), Hounds of Love (1985), and the compilation The Whole Story (1986). She was the first British solo female artist to top the UK album charts and the first female artist to enter the album chart at number one.Bush began writing songs at 11. She was signed to EMI Records after Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour helped produce a demo tape. Her debut album, The Kick Inside, was released in 1978. Bush slowly gained artistic independence in album production and has produced all her studio albums since The Dreaming (1982). She took a hiatus between her seventh and eighth albums, The Red Shoes (1993) and Aerial (2005). She drew attention again in 2014 with her concert residency Before the Dawn, her first shows since 1979's The Tour of Life.\nBush's eclectic and experimental musical style, unconventional lyrics, and literary themes have influenced a diverse range of artists. She has been nominated for 13 British Phonographic Industry accolades, winning for Best British Female Artist in 1987, and has been nominated for three Grammy Awards. In 2002, she was recognised with an Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music. In October 2017 she was nominated for induction in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2018. Bush was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours for services to music.", "Q3418647": "hi5 is a social networking site based in San Francisco, California. Founded in 2004, it was reported to be the 2nd largest social network after Myspace by 2007. In 2008, comScore reported that hi5 was the third most popular social networking site in monthly unique visitors behind Facebook and MySpace. The social networking site if(we), formerly known as Tagged, purchased hi5 in December 2011, for an undisclosed sum and operates it today.", "Q315222": "\u013dudov\u00edt Velislav \u0160t\u00far (Slovak pronunciation: [\u02c8\u028eud\u0254\u028bi\u02d0t \u02c8\u0283tu\u02d0\u027e]; Hungarian: Stur Lajos; 28 October 1815, Uhrovec (Zayugr\u00f3c), near B\u00e1novce nad Bebravou (B\u00e1n) \u2013 12 January 1856, Modra (Modor)), known in his era as Ludev\u00edt \u0160t\u00far, was the leader of the Slovak national revival in the 19th century, and the author of the Slovak language standard, eventually leading to the contemporary Slovak literary language. \u0160t\u00far was an organizer of the Slovak volunteer campaigns during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. He was also a politician, poet, journalist, publisher, teacher, philosopher, linguist and member of the Hungarian Parliament.", "Q1351671": "Eric Matthew Stefani (born June 17, 1967) is an American musician, composer, writer, and animator best known as the founder and former member of the ska punk band No Doubt. He is the older brother of former bandmate Gwen Stefani, and is also a former animator on the television series The Simpsons and The Ren & Stimpy Show.", "Q57735": "Alexander Dmitriyevich Zhukov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0416\u0443\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432; born 1 June 1956) is a Russian economist and politician. Zhukov was a member of the State Duma from 1994 to 2004. He is the First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly. Previously he was also the President of the Russian Olympic Committee.", "Q104383": "Siegfried Alfred Rudolf Friedrich von Kardorff (4 February 1873 \u2212 12 October 1945) was a German politician.\nHe was born the son of Wilhelm von Kardorff and followed him in adopting a career in politics. Describing himself as a \"left-wing Free Conservative\", Kardorff helped found the German National People's Party. At one of its first public meetings in December 1918, Kardorff was the main speaker. He declared: \"Our new party, in which friendly right-wing parties have united, has no past and rejects any responsibility for the past. We have a present and, if God will, a good future\". Kardorff said that the party would uphold the monarchy, agriculture, the middle class and the church: \"But we are not a party of Lutheran orthodoxy, rather we find recognition wherever living Christianity is found\".Kardorff later joined the German People's Party and was a member of its \"industrial right-wing\" according to the historian Stephen G. Fritz.He also composed political biographies of Otto von Bismarck and his father; the latter was praised by G. P. Gooch, Carlton J. H. Hayes and Sidney B. Fay.", "Q11760": "Marta Zofia Kwiatkowska is a Polish theoretical computer scientist based in the United Kingdom. She is professor of computing in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Oxford, England, and a Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford.\n\n", "Q61287": "Helmut Niedermayr (29 November 1915 in Munich \u2013 3 April 1985 in Christiansted, US Virgin Islands) was a racing driver from Germany. He participated in one World Championship Grand Prix, on 3 August 1952, scoring no championship points.\nNiedermayr finished second with Theo Helfrich at the 1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, but a few weeks later he crashed into the crowd during a race at the Grenzlandring, killing at least 13 spectators and injuring 42.", "Q313653": "Michael Charles Chiklis (born August 30, 1963) is an American actor, television director and television producer.\nHe is perhaps best known for his role as LAPD Detective Vic Mackey on the FX police drama The Shield, for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series. He is also known for playing Commissioner Tony Scali on the ABC police drama The Commish, The Thing in two Fantastic Four films, and Jim Powell on the ABC science-fiction comedy-drama No Ordinary Family. Additionally, he co-starred as Vincent Savino in the CBS crime drama Vegas. In 2014 Chiklis joined the cast of American Horror Story for its fourth season, American Horror Story: Freak Show. The following year he was cast as Nathaniel Barnes, in the second season of Gotham, as a series regular.", "Q180083": "Menton (French pronunciation: \u200b[m\u0251\u0303t\u0254\u0303]; Occitan: [me\u02c8ta], written Menton in classical norm or Mentan in Mistralian norm; Italian: Mentone [men\u02c8to\u02d0ne]) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur region on the French Riviera, close to the Italian border. \nMenton has always been an frontier town. For centuries, it formed the border between Provence and Genoa. It has been French ever since the plebiscite of 1860, when it soon became a fashionable tourist centre with grand mansions and gardens. Its temperate Mediterranean climate is especially favourable to the citrus industry, with which it is strongly identified.", "Q4751258": "Anand Lal Shimpi (born June 26, 1982) is a former tech journalist and American businessman who retired from the publishing industry to join Apple Inc. hardware division. He is mainly known as the founder of the technology website AnandTech.", "Q19574854": "Con Man is an American comedy web series created, written, directed by, and starring Alan Tudyk. The series follows cult science fiction actor Wray Nerely (Tudyk), as he tours the convention circuit. Tudyk, one of the stars of the 2002 science fiction TV show Firefly, based Con Man loosely upon his own experiences. The series is co-produced by PJ Haarsma and by Nathan Fillion, who also co-stars in it. Crowdfunded through Indiegogo, Con Man set records for crowdfunding a web series by raising more than $1 million in 24 hours and more than $3.1 million overall.\nThe series premiered on September 30, 2015, on Vimeo, with the first season consisting of 13 episodes. The second season premiered on December 8, 2016 on Comic-Con HQ, Comic-Con's subscription streaming video service and consisted of 12 episodes. In 2017, the series was acquired by Syfy and had its television debut on September 9, 2017, where the episodes were combined to produce half-hour installments for airing.\n\n", "Q1668575": "Peter Bernhard Feuchtwanger (26 June 1930 \u2013 18 June 2016) was a German pianist, composer, and teacher. He lived for many years in London.", "Q113827": "Franz Adolf Friedrich Schober, since 1801 von Schober (born 17 May 1796, Torup Castle at Malm\u00f6, Sweden; died 13 September 1882 in Dresden), was an Austrian poet, librettist, lithographer, actor in Breslau and Legationsrat in Weimar.\nSchober was born to Austrian parents in Sweden. Educated in the Schnepfenthal Salzmann School, Akademisches Gymnasium (Vienna) and Kremsm\u00fcnster Abbey, he returned to Vienna, where he began to study philosophy and met the composer Franz Schubert, his friends Johann Mayrhofer, Joseph von Spaun and the painters Leopold Kupelwieser and Moritz von Schwind.\nBetween 1823 and 1825, Schober was an actor at the theatre in Breslau under the pseudonym \"Torupson\". In the 1840s, Schober was in close contact with Franz Liszt. In 1856 he married the author Thekla von Gumpert; afterwards he lived in Budapest, Munich and Dresden.\nSchober wrote lyric poetry and in 1821 the libretto for Franz Schubert's opera Alfonso und Estrella and other vocal pieces.", "Q85673": "Christina Plate (b. 21 April 1965 in Berlin, Germany) is a German actress. She has appeared in many German films, TV movies, and TV series.\nPlate won a Bambi in 1988. In 2009, she married German television presenter Oliver Geissen. Together they have one son.\n\n", "Q210428": "Steven Paul \"Elliott\" Smith (August 6, 1969 \u2013 October 21, 2003) was an American singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. Smith was born in Omaha, Nebraska, raised primarily in Texas, and lived much of his life in Portland, Oregon, where he first gained popularity. Smith's primary instrument was the guitar, though he also played piano, clarinet, bass guitar, drums, and harmonica. Smith had a distinctive vocal style, characterized by his \"whispery, spiderweb-thin delivery\", and often used multi-tracking to create vocal layers, textures, and harmonies.\nAfter playing in the rock band Heatmiser for several years, Smith began his solo career in 1994, with releases on the independent record labels Cavity Search and Kill Rock Stars (KRS). In 1997, he signed a contract with DreamWorks Records, for which he recorded two albums. Smith rose to mainstream prominence when his song \"Miss Misery\"\u2014included in the soundtrack for the film Good Will Hunting (1997)\u2014was nominated for an Oscar in the Best Original Song category in 1998.Smith was a drinker and drug user, and was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder. His struggles with drugs and mental illness affected his life and work, and often appeared in his lyrics. In 2003, aged 34, he died in Los Angeles, California, from two stab wounds to the chest. The autopsy evidence was inconclusive as to whether the wounds were self-inflicted or the result of homicide. At the time of his death, Smith was working on his sixth studio album, From a Basement on the Hill, which was posthumously completed and released in 2004.", "Q836229": "Ihab Habib Hassan (October 17, 1925 \u2013 September 10, 2015) was an Egypt-born American literary theorist and writer.", "Q493234": "Andre David Sennwald (August 4, 1907 \u2014 Jan 12, 1936) was a motion picture critic for The New York Times.", "Q3444662": "Johan Edvard Lundstr\u00f6m (1815\u20131888) was a Swedish industrialist and inventor who pioneered the commercial production of safety matches.", "Q448430": "For the American ice hockey player, see Jeff Corey (ice hockey).\n\nJeff Corey (born Arthur Zwerling, August 10, 1914 \u2013 August 16, 2002) was an American stage and screen actor and director who became a well-respected acting teacher after being blacklisted in the 1950s.", "Q235870": "Chlo\u00eb Stevens Sevigny (; born November 18, 1974) is an American actress, model, and fashion designer. She is mostly known for her work in independent films, often appearing in controversial or experimental features. She is the recipient of several accolades, including a Golden Globe, a Satellite Award, and an Independent Spirit Award, as well as Academy Award and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. She also has a career in fashion design concurrent with her acting work. Over the years, her alternative fashion sense has earned her a reputation as a \"style icon\".After graduating from high school, Sevigny found work as a model, and appeared in music videos for Sonic Youth and The Lemonheads, which helped acquire her \"it girl\" status. In 1995, she made her film debut in Kids, which earned her critical acclaim. A string of roles in small-scale features throughout the late 1990s further established her as a prominent performer in the independent film scene. She received particular attention for her portrayal of Lana Tisdel in the drama Boys Don't Cry (1999), which earned her nominations for the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award in the Best Supporting Actress category.\nThroughout the 2000s, Sevigny appeared in supporting parts in numerous independent films, including American Psycho (2000), Demonlover (2002); Party Monster and Dogville (both 2003); and The Brown Bunny (2004). Her participation in the last caused considerable controversy due to its featuring of a graphic unsimulated sex scene. From 2006 to 2011, Sevigny portrayed Nicolette Grant on the HBO series Big Love, for which she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2010. She also appeared in mainstream films such as David Fincher's Zodiac (2007), and the biopic Mr. Nice (2010).\nAfter the conclusion of Big Love, Sevigny went on to appear in numerous television projects, starring in the British series Hit & Miss (2012), and having supporting roles in Portlandia (2013), two seasons of American Horror Story; and in the Netflix series Bloodline (2015\u20132017). Sevigny made her directorial debut in 2016 with the short film Kitty, followed by a second short film titled Carmen. She had several supporting parts in 2017 before obtaining a lead role portraying Lizzie Borden in the independent thriller Lizzie (2018), followed by another lead role in Jim Jarmusch's horror comedy The Dead Don't Die (2019). Her third film as a director, a short titled White Echo, competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q273825": "Bo\u017cena Dykiel (Polish pronunciation: [b\u0254\u02d0\u02c8\u0290\u025bna \u02c8d\u0268k\u02b2el]) (born 26 August 1948 in Grabowo, Poland) is a well-known Polish actress. She also gained large amount of popularity by advertising Pur - very efficient polish detergent for dirty dishes. \"Isn't it fascinating? After all, if you want to grow wings, you have to throw yourself off the cliff\".", "Q351448": "Andrew William Walker (born June 9, 1979) is a Canadian actor and film producer. He made his film debut in Laserhawk (1997), followed by roles in American television series such as Maybe It's Me, Sabrina the Teenage Witch, and Hot Properties. He also starred alongside Academy Award-nominated actor David Strathairn in Steel Toes (2006), which earned him an ACTRA Award for Best Actor in 2008. He subsequently appeared in films such as The Mountie and The Gundown, and had a starring role on the Lifetime cop drama Against the Wall.", "Q99272": "Joannes Susenbrotus (also spelled Susembrotus, also known as Johannes or Hans Susenbrot, 1484/1485\u20131542/1543) was a German humanist, teacher of Latin, and author of textbooks.\n\nSusenbrotus was born in the Imperial Free City of Wangen im Allg\u00e4u and studied at the universities of Vienna and Basel. From 1506, he was a teacher in Leutkirch, and subsequently in Pfullendorf, Schaffhausen, and \u2013 from 1522 \u2013 in Ravensburg.\nHe wrote several books in Latin, amongst them a Latin textbook Grammaticae artis institutio and a collection of Christian poems. His rhetorics textbook Epitome troporum defines 132 tropes and figures and gives examples of their use in ancient literature as well as references in contemporary books on rhetorics.\nLiving in the days of the Protestant Reformation, Susenbrotus distinctly remained a Roman Catholic. Around 1542, Susenbrotus died from injuries sustained when a drunk caskmaker beat him up in Ravensburg.\nSusenbrotus' textbooks spread his name to pupils all over Europe. William Shakespeare seems to have known Epitome troporum, since \u2013 as T. W. Baldwin pointed out \u2013 he uses numerous examples from Susenbrotus' book in his works. He is also a well-known rhetorician to other Elizabethan writers and poets such as Gabriel Harvey, Thomas Nashe and Thomas Watson. On 12 March 1615, students of Trinity College, Cambridge, played the Latin comedy, Susenbrotus, or Fortunia, probably written by John Chappell, in the presence of King James I at Royston. As late as 1660 the English educationalist Charles Hoole recommends Susenbrotus' Epitome as a textbook for grammar schools.", "Q936573": "Crunk is a subgenre of hip hop music that emerged in the early 1990s and gained mainstream success during the mid 2000s. Crunk is often up-tempo and one of Southern hip hop's more dance and club oriented subgenres. An archetypal crunk track frequently uses a main groove consisting of layered keyboard synths, a drum machine clapping rhythm, heavy basslines, and shouting vocals, often in a call and response manner. The term \"crunk\" is also used as a blanket term to denote any style of Southern hip hop, a side effect of the genre's breakthrough to the mainstream. The word derives from its African-American slang past-participle form, \"crunk\", of the verb \"to crank\" (as in the phrase \"crank up\"). It refers to being excited or high on drugs.", "Q359014": "Mithridates II (in Greek M\u03b9\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2; lived 3rd century BC), third king of Pontus and son of Ariobarzanes, whom he succeeded on the throne.\nHe was a minor when his father died, but the date of his accession cannot be determined. It seems probable that it must have taken place well before 240 BC, as Memnon tells us that he was a child at his father's death, and he had a daughter of marriageable age in 222 BC. Shortly after his accession, his kingdom was invaded by the Gauls, who were eventually repulsed.After Mithridates attained manhood, he married Laodice, a sister of Seleucus II Callinicus, with whom he is said to have received the province of Phrygia as a dowry. Despite this alliance, Mithridates II fought against Seleucus during a war between Seleucus and Antiochus Hierax. Eventually, Mithridates defeated Seleucus in a great battle at Ancyra in 235 BC whereby Seleucus lost twenty thousand of his troops and narrowly escaped with his own life. In 222 BC, Mithridates gave his daughter Laodice in marriage to the Seleucid king Antiochus III. Another of his daughters, also named Laodice, was married about the same time to Achaeus, the cousin of Antiochus.In 220 BC, Mithridates declared war upon the wealthy and powerful city of Sinope. However, he was unable to weaken it and the city did not come under the control of the kings of Pontus until 183 BC.Earlier in his rule, Mithridates II vied with the other monarchs of Asia in sending magnificent presents to the Rhodians, after the destruction of their city by an earthquake in 227 BC. The date of his death is unknown. He was succeeded by Mithridates III, his son with Laodice.", "Q128641": "Richard Bedford Bennett, 1st Viscount Bennett (July 3, 1870 \u2013 June 26, 1947), was a Canadian lawyer, businessman and politician. He served as the 11th prime minister of Canada, in office from 1930 to 1935. He led the Conservative Party from 1927 to 1938.\nBennett's premiership was marked primarily by the Great Depression that it overlapped and by an unsuccessful initiative to establish an imperial preference free trade agreement. Still, he left lasting legacies in the form of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (established 1932) and the Bank of Canada (established 1934), and was regarded even by his political opponents as instrumental in mitigating the worst potential effects of the economic depression in Canada.\nBennett was born in Hopewell Hill, New Brunswick, and grew up in nearby Hopewell Cape. He studied law at Dalhousie University, graduating in 1893, and in 1897 moved to Calgary to establish a law firm in partnership with James Lougheed.\nBennett served in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1898 to 1905, and later in the Alberta Legislature from 1909 to 1911. He was the inaugural leader of the Alberta Conservative Party from 1905, resigning upon his election to the House of Commons in 1911. From 1920 to 1921, Bennett was Minister of Justice under Arthur Meighen. He also served briefly as Minister of Finance in Meighen's second government in 1926, which lasted just a month. Meighen resigned the Conservative Party's leadership after its defeat at the 1926 election, with Bennett elected as his replacement (and thus Leader of the Opposition).\nBennett became prime minister after the 1930 election, where the Conservatives won a landslide victory over Mackenzie King's Liberal Party. He was the first prime minister to represent a constituency in Alberta. The main difficulty during Bennett's prime ministership was the Great Depression. He and his party initially tried to combat the crisis with laissez-faire policies, but these were largely ineffective. However, over time Bennett's government became increasingly interventionist, attempting to replicate the popular \"New Deal\" enacted by Franklin Roosevelt to the south. This about-face prompted a split within Conservative ranks, and was regarded by the general public as evidence of incompetence.\nBennett suffered a landslide defeat at the 1935 election, with Mackenzie King returning for a third term. Bennett remained leader of the Conservative Party until 1938, when he retired to England.\nHe was created Viscount Bennett, the only Canadian prime minister to be honoured with elevation to the peerage.", "Q44007": "Paul Klee (German: [pa\u028a\u032fl \u02c8kle\u02d0]; 18 December 1879 \u2013 29 June 1940) was a Swiss-born artist. His highly individual style was influenced by movements in art that included Expressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism. Klee was a natural draftsman who experimented with and eventually deeply explored color theory, writing about it extensively; his lectures Writings on Form and Design Theory (Schriften zur Form und Gestaltungslehre), published in English as the Paul Klee Notebooks, are held to be as important for modern art as Leonardo da Vinci's A Treatise on Painting for the Renaissance. He and his colleague, Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky, both taught at the Bauhaus school of art, design and architecture in Germany. His works reflect his dry humor and his sometimes childlike perspective, his personal moods and beliefs, and his musicality.", "Q171734": "Michael Simon Brindley Bream Beuttler (13 April 1940 \u2013 29 December 1988) was a British Formula One driver who raced privately entered March cars. He was born in Cairo, Egypt.\nHe was a talented Formula Three graduate from the late 1960s, who then graduated to Formula Two and then to Formula One in 1971. The finance for the team came from a group of stockbroker friends from whom the team took its name \u2013 at first Clarke-Mordaunt-Guthrie Racing, and in 1973 it became Clarke-Mordaunt-Guthrie-Durlacher Racing. He raced on one occasion, at the 1971 Canadian Grand Prix, for the works March team. Beuttler's best result was a seventh place in the 1973 Spanish Grand Prix.\nBeuttler retired from racing the following year and eventually moved to the United States, where he died of complications resulting from AIDS in 1988, in Los Angeles, aged 48. Beuttler was also the brother-in-law of politician Alan Clark.", "Q165741": "William H. Cabell (December 16, 1772 \u2013 January 12, 1853) was a Virginia lawyer, politician and judge aligned with the Democratic-Republican party. He served as Member of the Assembly, as Governor of Virginia, and as judge on what later became the Virginia Supreme Court. Cabell adopted his middle initial, which did not stand for anything, in 1795, to distinguish himself from other William Cabells, including his uncle William Cabell Sr. and first cousin William Cabell Jr. (1759-1822)", "Q3519": "Bari ( BAR-ee, Italian: [\u02c8ba\u02d0ri] (listen); Barese: Bare [\u02c8b\u00e6\u02d0r\u0259]; Latin: Barium; Ancient Greek: \u0392\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, romanized: B\u00e1rion) is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Bari and of the Apulia region, on the Adriatic Sea, in southern Italy. It is the second most important economic centre of mainland Southern Italy after Naples (and the third after Palermo, if Insular Italy is included), a port and university city, as well as the city of Saint Nicholas. The city itself has a population of 320,257 inhabitants, over 116 square kilometres (45 sq mi), while the urban area has 750,000 inhabitants. The metropolitan area has 1.3 million inhabitants.\nBari is made up of four different urban sections. To the north is the closely built old town on the peninsula between two modern harbours, with the Basilica of Saint Nicholas, the Cathedral of San Sabino (1035\u20131171) and the Hohenstaufen Castle built for Frederick II, which is now also a major nightlife district. To the south is the Murat quarter (erected by Joachim Murat), the modern heart of the city, which is laid out on a rectangular grid-plan with a promenade on the sea and the major shopping district (the via Sparano and via Argiro).\nModern residential zones surrounding the centre of Bari were built during the 1960s and 1970s replacing the old suburbs that had developed along roads splaying outwards from gates in the city walls. In addition, the outer suburbs developed rapidly during the 1990s. The city has a redeveloped airport, Karol Wojty\u0142a Airport, with connections to several European cities.", "Q1022169": "Primetime was an American news magazine television program that debuted on ABC in 1989 with co-hosts Sam Donaldson and Diane Sawyer and originally had the title Primetime Live. The program's final episode aired May 18, 2012.", "Q102902": "Rainer Kirsch (17 July 1934 \u2013 4 September 2015) was a German writer and poet.", "Q537596": "Salom\u00e9 Haller (born 11 April 1975) is a French opera and oratorio soprano.", "Q312565": "The Night Porter (Italian: Il portiere di notte) is a 1974 Italian erotic psychological drama film. Directed and co-written by Liliana Cavani, the film stars Dirk Bogarde and Charlotte Rampling, and features Philippe Leroy and Gabriele Ferzetti. Its themes of sexual and sadomasochistic obsession have made the film controversial since its initial release, dividing critics over its artistic value.\nThe Night Porter is widely considered to be a Nazisploitation film and a cult classic. In July 2018, it was selected to be screened in the Venice Classics section at the 75th Venice International Film Festival.", "Q674365": "The Ulrichshorn (3,925 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking Saas-Fee in the canton of Valais. It is located north of the Nadelhorn, in the Mischabel range, which lies between the Mattertal and the Saastal.", "Q5168": "Makhachkala (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430, IPA: [m\u0259x\u0259t\u0255k\u0250\u02c8\u026ba]) is the capital city of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located on the western shore of the Caspian Sea and is home to the Makhachkala Grand Mosque, one of Russia's largest. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 572,076, making it the largest in the North Caucasus Federal District. The city has an ethnic plurality, with the Avars and Kumyks being the largest groups.\nFounded as a fortress of the Russian Empire in 1844 and given city status thirteen years later, the city bore the name of the Russian Tsar Peter the Great until 1921. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Makhachkala has been affected by Islamist insurgents as spillover from the Second Chechen War when militants invaded Dagestan leading to a renewed conflict between the Russian Federation and militants in the North Caucasus region.\nIt was previously known as Petrovskoye (until 1857), Petrovsk-Port (until 1921).\n\n", "Q624552": "Yuri Masuda (\u76ca\u7530 \u7950\u91cc, Masuda Yuri, born February 22, 1977), better known by her stage name yuri, is a Japanese singer, best known as a vocalist of the Japanese band m.o.v.e. She began her musical career at 19 years old in 1996, and released her first song as a solo artist in 1997, the Eurobeat song \u201cPARADISE\u201d, which she released before joining m.o.v.e.", "Q266596": "Panic in the Streets is a 1950 film noir directed by Elia Kazan. It was shot exclusively on location in New Orleans, Louisiana, and features numerous New Orleans citizens in speaking and non-speaking roles.The film tells the story of Lieutenant Commander Clinton Reed, an officer of the U.S. Public Health Service (played by Richard Widmark) and a police captain (Paul Douglas) who have only a day or two in which to prevent an epidemic of pneumonic plague after Reed determines a waterfront homicide victim is an index case. Co-stars include Barbara Bel Geddes (as Reed's wife Nancy), Jack Palance (in his film debut) and Zero Mostel \u2013 the latter two play associates of the victim who had prompted the investigation. The film was also the debut of Tommy Rettig, who played the Reeds' son.\nThe film was released on DVD by 20th Century Fox as part of the Fox Film Noir collection, along with Laura and Call Northside 777, on March 15, 2005.\nThe score was composed by Alfred Newman.\nThe film was originally named Port of Entry, subsequently Outbreak, and ultimately Panic in the Streets.", "Q2607": "Erich Ernst Paul Honecker (German: [\u02c8e\u02d0\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8h\u0254n\u025bk\u0250]; 25 August 1912 \u2013 29 May 1994) was a German politician who was the General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). As party leader he worked closely with Moscow (which had a large army stationed in East Germany). He controlled the government of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1971 until he was forced out in the weeks preceding the fall of the Berlin Wall in October 1989. From 1976 onward he was also the country's official head of state as Chairman of the State Council of the German Democratic Republic following Willi Stoph's relinquishment of the post.\nHonecker's political career began in the 1930s when he became an official of the Communist Party of Germany, a position for which he was imprisoned by the Nazi government of Germany. Following World War II, he was freed by the Soviet army and relaunched his political activities, founding the youth organisation the Free German Youth in 1946 and serving as the group's chairman until 1955. As the Security Secretary of the Party's Central Committee in the new East Germany, he was the prime organiser of the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 and, in this function, bore responsibility for the \"order to fire\" along the Inner German border.\nIn 1970, he initiated a political power struggle that led, with support of the Kremlin leader Leonid Brezhnev, to his replacing Walter Ulbricht as First Secretary of the Central Committee and as chairman of the state's National Defense Council. Under his command, the country adopted a programme of \"consumer socialism\" and moved toward the international community by normalising relations with West Germany and also becoming a full member of the UN, in what is considered one of his greatest political successes.\nAs Cold War tensions eased in the late 1980s with the advent of perestroika and glasnost \u2013 the liberal reforms introduced by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev \u2013 Honecker refused all but cosmetic changes to the East German political system. He cited the continual hardliner attitudes of Kim Il-sung and Fidel Castro, whose respective regimes of North Korea and Cuba had been critical of reforms. As anticommunist protests grew, Honecker begged Gorbachev to intervene with the Soviet army to suppress the protests to maintain communist rule in East Germany as Moscow had done with Czechoslovakia in the Prague Spring of 1968 and with the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 but Gorbachev refused. Honecker was forced to resign by his party in October 1989 in a bid to improve the government's image in the eyes of the public. Honecker's eighteen years at the helm of the German Democratic Republic came to an end. The entire regime collapsed in the following weeks.\nFollowing German reunification in 1990, he sought asylum in the Chilean embassy in Moscow in 1991 but was extradited back to Germany a year later to stand trial for his role in the human rights abuses committed by his East German government. However, the proceedings were abandoned due to his illness and he was freed from custody to travel to join his family in exile in Chile, where he died in May 1994 from liver cancer.\n\n", "Q78926": "Viktor Kaplan (27 November 1876 \u2013 23 August 1934) was an Austrian engineer and the inventor of the Kaplan turbine.", "Q49245": "Marlyn Wescoff Meltzer (1922 \u2013 December 4, 2008) was one of the six original programmers of ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer.\nThe other five members were Kathleen McNulty Mauchly Antonelli, Jean Jennings Bartik, Frances Snyder Holberton, Frances Spence and Ruth Lichterman Teitelbaum.", "Q487527": "Wolfsberg [\u02c8v\u0254lfsb\u025b\u0281k] (Slovene: Vol\u0161perk) is a town in Carinthia, Austria, the capital of Wolfsberg District.", "Q173645": "Chester Miller (July 19, 1902 \u2013 May 15, 1953) was an American racecar driver. He was killed in a crash in the south turn of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway during practice for the 1953 Indianapolis 500. During his long Indy career, Miller earned the nickname \"Dean of the Speedway.\"\nHe died at age 50 while driving a Novi-engined Special. He is interred at Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis.", "Q2161": "Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus ( TASS-it-\u0259s, Classical Latin: [\u02c8tak\u026at\u028as]; c.\u2009AD 56 \u2013 c.\u2009120) was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and is known for the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, as well as for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.\nThe surviving portions of his two major works\u2014the Annals and the Histories\u2014examine the reigns of the emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish\u2013Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the Annals that is four books long.\nTacitus' other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see Dialogus de oratoribus), Germania (in De origine et situ Germanorum), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola, the general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae).", "Q3317713": "Moby Dick is a Canadian-German television miniseries based on Herman Melville's 1851 novel of the same name, produced by Tele M\u00fcnchen Gruppe, with Gate Film, In association with RTH/ORF. Starring William Hurt as Captain Ahab, it was directed by Mike Barker with a screenplay by Nigel Williams. The cast also includes Ethan Hawke as Starbuck, Charlie Cox as Ishmael, Eddie Marsan as Stubb, Gillian Anderson as Ahab's wife, Elizabeth and Donald Sutherland as Father Mapple.", "Q662261": "Karol: The Pope, The Man is a 2006 TV miniseries chronicling Pope John Paul II's life as pope in flashbacks from October 22, 1978's papal inauguration to his death in 2005 and was directed by Giacomo Battiato. It is the sequel to the 2005 TV miniseries Karol: A Man Who Became Pope, which portrayed John Paul's life before the papacy and ended on October 16, 1978, the day of his papal election.", "Q41619": "Verena Winifred Holmes (23 June 1889 \u2013 20 February 1964) was an English mechanical engineer and multi-field inventor, the first woman member elected to the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (1924), and a strong supporter of women in engineering. She was one of the early members of the Women's Engineering Society, and its president in 1931. She was the first practising engineer to serve as president of the society.", "Q769446": "Van Nuys is a neighborhood in the central San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California. Home to Van Nuys Airport and the Valley Municipal Building, it is the most populous neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley.", "Q498407": "The University of Latvia (LU) (Latvian: Latvijas Universit\u0101te) is a state-run university located in Riga, Latvia. It was established in 1919.\nThe university is ranked 801st-1000th in the world in 2019 and have had the highest place as 651st\u2013700th in 2017 as well as 7th in the Baltic states after the University of Tartu, Vilnius University, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Tallinn University of Technology, Kaunas University of Technology and Riga Technical University and 50th in EECA (Emerging Europe and Central Asia) rating.", "Q4510": "Bertran de Born (Occitan: [be\u027e\u02c8t\u027ean de \u02c8b\u0254\u027en]; 1140s \u2013 by 1215) was a baron from the Limousin in France, and one of the major Occitan troubadours of the twelfth century.", "Q219424": "Scary Movie is a 2000 American parody slasher film directed by Keenen Ivory Wayans. The film spoofs multiple genres including the horror, slasher, and mystery film genres. Several 1990s films and TV shows are also spoofed, and the script primarily follows the plot of slasher films Scream (1996), and I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997).\nDespite a mixed critical reception, the film has since attracted a large cult following, and was a box office success, grossing $278 million worldwide on a $19 million budget. The first in the Scary Movie film series, it was followed by four sequels.", "Q78098": "Carl Wilhelm Friedrich Launhardt (7 April 1832 \u2013 14 May 1918) was a German mathematician and economist.\nLaunhardt was born in Hannover, the capital of the Kingdom of Hannover. He studied and taught at Hannover's technical school. Following Hannover's annexation by the Kingdom of Prussia, Launhardt served in the Prussian House of Lords.\nIn 1885 he succeeded in calculating the optimal rate of duties in the sense of the effects of the terms of trade.", "Q674403": "The Gletscherhorn (3,983 m) is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It forms the eastern edge of the Lauterbrunnen Wall, south of the Jungfrau.", "Q50714": "Stagecoach is a 1939 American Western film directed by John Ford and starring Claire Trevor and John Wayne in his breakthrough role. The screenplay by Dudley Nichols is an adaptation of \"The Stage to Lordsburg\", a 1937 short story by Ernest Haycox. The film follows a group of strangers riding on a stagecoach through dangerous Apache territory.\nStagecoach was the first of many Westerns that Ford shot using Monument Valley, in the American Southwest on the Arizona\u2013Utah border, as a location, many of which also starred John Wayne. Scenes from Stagecoach, including a sequence introducing John Wayne's character the Ringo Kid, blended shots of Monument Valley with shots filmed on the Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, California, RKO Encino Movie Ranch, and other locations. Similar geographic incongruencies are evident throughout the film, up to the closing scene of Ringo (Wayne) and Dallas (Trevor) departing Lordsburg, in southwestern New Mexico, by way of Monument Valley.\nThe film has long been recognized as an important work that transcends the Western genre. Philosopher Robert B. Pippin has observed that both the collection of characters and their journey \"are archetypal rather than merely individual\" and that the film is a \"mythic representation of the American aspiration toward a form of politically meaningful equality.\" In 1995, the film was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in their National Film Registry. Still, Stagecoach has not avoided controversy. Like most Westerns of the era, its depiction of Native Americans as simplistic savages has been criticized as clear evidence of racism.", "Q180915": "Kathleen Aerts (born 18 June 1978 in Geel, Belgium) is a Belgian singer, actress and host. She was a member of the successful Flemish girl group K3.\n\n", "Q725658": "Mieszko Talarczyk (December 23, 1974, Poland \u2013 December 26, 2004, Thailand) was the lead singer and guitarist of the Swedish grindcore band Nasum, Genocide Superstars, Krigshot and Charles Harfager. Known for his engineering and production abilities, he co-founded Soundlab studios with Millencolin guitarist Mathias F\u00e4rm.\nIn 2004, Mieszko went on holiday to Thailand with his girlfriend during a break in between albums, and died in the tsunami disaster on December 26, 2004. His body was identified on February 16, 2005 and his remains were transported back to his hometown of \u00d6rebro, Sweden where his funeral was held on 30 March. Though badly injured, his girlfriend Emma survived. After Mieszko's death, Nasum and Genocide Superstars disbanded permanently.", "Q254524": "J\u00f3zef Ignacy Kraszewski (28 July 1812 \u2013 19 March 1887) was a Polish writer, publisher, historian, journalist, scholar, painter, and author who produced more than 200 novels and 150 novellas, short stories, and art reviews, which makes him the most prolific writer in the history of Polish literature and the seventh most prolific in the world. He is best known for his epic series on the history of Poland, comprising twenty-nine novels in seventy-nine parts. \nThe son of a nobleman, Kraszewski studied at the University of Vilna between 1829 and 1830. He was imprisoned from 1830 to 1832 for participating in a secret patriotic organization. Banished from Congress Poland in 1863, he settled in Dresden, where he remained until 1884. Throughout his life he was active in publishing and journalism. He began publishing in 1830, gradually evolving from a romantic to a realist writer. His literary legacy consists of about 600 volumes of prose, poetry, drama, literary criticism and works on history and philosophy. A major Polish novelist, Kraszewski is known for his cycle of novels on the history of Poland (29 novels in 78 volumes), written between 1876 and 1887, of which the best from an artistic standpoint are The Countess Cosel (1874), Br\u00fchl (1875), and An Ancient Tale (1876). Kraszewski's \"peasant\" novels, including Ulana (1843) and Ostap Bondarczuk (1847), deal with the painful problems of the serf society and community. Outstanding among his social novels on contemporary themes are The Magic Lantern (1843\u201344) and Morituri (1874\u201375). The classic Polish realist writers regarded Kraszewski as their forerunner and mentor, however as a novelist writing about the history of Poland, Kraszewski is generally regarded as second only to the Nobel Prize winner Henryk Sienkiewicz.Kraszewski was considered a real cultural institution uplifting the Polish spirit during the country's partition.", "Q429964": "Shannon LaRhea Marketic (born January 14, 1971), is an American actress and beauty pageant titleholder who was Miss California USA and Miss USA 1992.", "Q1077140": "Sonata Arctica is a Finnish power metal band from the town of Kemi, Finland. Created as a hard rock band named Tricky Beans, they later changed to Tricky Means and finally to Sonata Arctica, when they shifted to power metal. The current line-up consists of singer, keyboardist and songwriter Tony Kakko, guitarist Elias Viljanen, bass guitarist Pasi Kauppinen, keyboardist and keytarist Henrik Klingenberg, and drummer Tommy Portimo. All the musicians of the band's history except Portimo also acted as backing vocalists.\nAs of 2019, the band has released ten full-length albums (three via Spinefarm Records and seven via Nuclear Blast), their most recent being Talviy\u00f6 on September 6, 2019.", "Q2413375": "The Open University (OU) is a public research university and the largest university in the UK for undergraduate education. The majority of the OU's undergraduate students are based in the United Kingdom and principally study off-campus; many of its courses (both undergraduate and postgraduate) can also be studied anywhere in the world. There are also a number of full-time postgraduate research students based on the 48-hectare university campus in Milton Keynes, where they use the OU facilities for research, as well as more than 1,000 members of academic and research staff and over 2,500 administrative, operational and support staff.The OU was established in 1969 and used the original television studios and editing facilities at Alexandra Palace, in north London, which had been recently vacated by the BBC. The first students enrolled in January 1971. The university administration is based at Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, in Buckinghamshire, but has administration centres in other parts of the United Kingdom. It also has a presence in other European countries. The university awards undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, as well as non-degree qualifications such as diplomas and certificates or continuing education units.\nWith more than 174,000 students enrolled, including around 31% of new undergraduates aged under 25 and more than 7,400 overseas students, it is the largest academic institution in the United Kingdom (and one of the largest in Europe) by student number, and qualifies as one of the world's largest universities. Since it was founded, more than 2 million students have studied its courses. It was rated top university in England and Wales for student satisfaction in the 2005, 2006 and 2012 United Kingdom government national student satisfaction survey, and second in the 2007 survey. Out of 132 universities and colleges, the OU was ranked 43rd (second quartile) in the Times Higher Education Table of Excellence in 2008, between the University of Reading and University of the Arts London; it was rated highly in Design, Art History, English, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Computer Science, Development Studies, Social Policy and Social Work and Sociology. It was ranked 36th in the country and 498th in the world by the Center for World University Rankings in 2018.The Open University is one of only three United Kingdom higher education institutions to gain accreditation in the United States of America by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, an institutional accrediting agency, recognized by the United States Secretary of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation.The BSc (Honours) Computing and IT course is accredited by BCS, the Chartered Institute for IT and quality assured by the European Quality Assurance Network for Informatics Education (EQANIE).The OU won the Teaching Excellence and Digital Innovation categories in The Guardian University Awards 2018.", "Q456168": "Christian Frederik Gotfried Friele (22 May 1821 \u2013 24 January 1899) was a Norwegian newspaper editor. Born in Bergen to a prosperous family, he received a deficient education, but managed nevertheless to find his way into the conservative Morgenbladet newspaper. As its editor-in-chief, he became known for his wit and sharp-tongued remarks; he ruthlessly derided key contemporary political figures as \"clerical lutefisk\" and \"royal stable jacks\". In the 1884 impeachment case against Prime Minister Christian August Selmer, Friele sided with Selmer, and retreated from his position as editor of Morgenbladet following the court's verdict. Firmly believing that orders of merit would compromise his integrity as editor, he twice declined the offer of being rewarded the Order of St. Olav.", "Q7019": "Albstadt (German pronunciation: [\u02c8alp\u0283tat] (listen)) is the largest city in the district of Zollernalbkreis in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is located on the Swabian Alb mountains, about halfway between Stuttgart and Lake of Constance.", "Q441414": "Anita Louise (born Anita Louise Fremault; January 9, 1915 \u2013 April 25, 1970) was an American film and television actress best known for her performances in A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935), The Story of Louis Pasteur (1935), Anthony Adverse (1936), Marie Antoinette (1938) and The Little Princess (1939). She was named as a WAMPAS Baby Star, and frequently described as one of the cinema's more fashionable and stylish women.\nLouise had delicate features and blonde hair, with ageless grace, which saw her through 30 years in film, beginning as a child actress before becoming a featured player during Hollywood's Golden Age.", "Q382176": "Daniel Christopher Burbank (born July 27, 1961) is a retired American astronaut and a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions. Burbank, a Captain in the United States Coast Guard, is the second Coast Guard astronaut after Bruce Melnick.\nBurbank was born in Manchester, Connecticut, and raised in Tolland, Connecticut, where he graduated from Tolland High School. He attended Fairfield University his freshman year before transferring to the United States Coast Guard Academy, where he earned his commission in 1985. In 1987, he went through flight training and became an instructor pilot, serving at various Coast Guard stations at Coast Guard Air Station Elizabeth City, Coast Guard Air Station Cape Cod, and Coast Guard Air Station Sitka.\nBurbank is listed as a member of the astronaut band \"Max Q\", and a former member of The Idlers.\nHe has a master's degree in aeronautical science from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.\nHe is a licensed amateur radio operator (ham) with Technician License KC5ZSX.\nMarried to Rosalin Bowman.\n\n", "Q99514": "Peter Kuiper (Langsa, 30 March 1929 \u2013 Berlin, 28 September 2007) was a German actor of film, theatre and television.\nHe died in Berlin from undisclosed causes in 2007.", "Q232879": "Lila Kedrova (full name in Russian \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u041b\u0438\u043b\u044f) \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0435\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430) (9 October 1909- 16 February 2000) was a Russian-born French actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Zorba the Greek (1964), and the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical for the same role in the musical version of the film.", "Q723229": "James Peter DeRogatis (born September 2, 1964) is an American music critic and co-host of Sound Opinions. DeRogatis has written articles for magazines such as Spin, Guitar World and Modern Drummer, and for fifteen years was the pop music critic for the Chicago Sun-Times.\nHe joined Columbia College Chicago's English Department as a lecturer in 2010 and is currently an associate professor of instruction teaching Music & Media in Chicago, Reviewing the Arts, Cultural Criticism and the Arts, and Journalism as Literature.", "Q3973321": "Steve Clemente (born Esteban Clemento Morro November 22, 1885 \u2013 May 7, 1950) was a Mexican-born American actor known for his many villainous roles. He began acting in his teens, signing up for his first movie, The Secret Man, in 1917. His later roles were usually bit parts.\nIn 1922, he came to Hollywood to put on a knife demonstration for a disbelieving director. He was trusted to throw knives in movies that had to land an inch or two away from a celebrity. He always got right on target, and developed a good reputation for stunts. He was a known scene stealer and was famous for his villainous snarl. He later appeared in such movies as The Most Dangerous Game (1932), playing Tartar, the second henchman of Count Zarrof and played the Witch King in King Kong (1933) and its sequel Son of Kong (1933).\nAfter his last movie, Perils of Nyoka (1942), he retired from the acting scene. On May 7, 1950, he died from a cerebral hemorrhage.", "Q96627": "Maxi Biewer (born 24 May 1964) is a German television presenter and actress.\nBiewer was born in Berlin, the daughter of actor Gerd Biewer and Brigitte Krause. She speaks German, English, Russian and French. Biewer attended a Polytechnic High School in Berlin, K\u00f6penick, where it also passed the Abitur. She graduated from the Academy of Dramatic Arts \"Ernst Busch\" in Berlin.\nBetween 1987 and 1989 she served in an ensemble of actors on East German television in guest roles and worked at the Theater Dessau. In 1989 Biewer moved to West Berlin, and since 1992 she has been the weather presenter at RTL Television. She achieved some notoriety for a televised fit of laughter she suffered while presenting a weather forecast on the RTL Morning Program Punkt 6 and for one of her presentations on the same program which was set to music by Stefan Raab. In 2010 Biewer played herself as an RTL weather expert in the award-winning series Doctor's Diary, which aired in January 2011.\nIn 1996 she was romantically linked with the RTL morning show presenter Wolfram Kons. A year later she married the French-Canadian Jean-Patrice Venn, whom she met on one of her many trips to Montreal. Biewer currently lives with her husband in Hennef. She spends much of her spare time on a sailboat on the Baltic Sea.", "Q159906": "Carolina Eyck (born 26 December 1987) is a German-Sorbian musician specialising in playing the Theremin, an electronic instrument. Her performances around the world have helped to promote the unusual musical instrument.", "Q34286": "Alexander Graham Bell (; March 3, 1847 \u2013 August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born American inventor, scientist, and engineer who is credited with inventing and patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885.Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone, on March 7, 1876. Bell considered his invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils, and aeronautics. Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898, until 1903.Beyond his scientific work, Bell was an advocate of compulsory sterilization, and served as chairman or president of several eugenics organizations.", "Q1468": "Eschwege (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025b\u0283ve\u02d0\u0261\u0259]), the district seat of the Werra-Mei\u00dfner-Kreis, is a town in northeastern Hesse, Germany. In 1971, the town hosted the eleventh Hessentag state festival.", "Q704696": "Sir Edwin Ray Lankester (15 May 1847 \u2013 13 August 1929) was a British zoologist.An invertebrate zoologist and evolutionary biologist, he held chairs at University College London and Oxford University. He was the third Director of the Natural History Museum, and was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society.", "Q1391469": "Valerie Leon (born 12 November 1943) is an English actress who had roles in a number of high-profile British film productions, including the Carry On series.\n\n", "Q44775": "Ernst Jandl (German: [jandl\u0329]; 1 August 1925 \u2013 9 June 2000) was an Austrian writer, poet, and translator. He became known for his experimental lyric, mainly sound poems (Sprechgedichte) in the tradition of concrete and visual poetric forms.", "Q319342": "Arthur Buchwald (October 20, 1925 \u2013 January 17, 2007) was an American humorist best known for his column in The Washington Post. At the height of his popularity, it was published nationwide as a syndicated column in more than 500 newspapers. His column focused on political satire and commentary.\nBuchwald had first started writing as a paid journalist in Paris after World War II, where he wrote a column on restaurants and nightclubs, Paris After Dark, for the Paris Herald Tribune. He was part of a large American expatriate community in those years. After his return to the United States in 1962, he continued to publish his columns and books for the rest of his life. He received the Pulitzer Prize in 1982 for Outstanding Commentary, and in 1991 was elected to the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, in addition to other awards.\n\n", "Q151396": "Antoine V de Gramont (January 1672 \u2013 September 16, 1725), Duke of Guiche, and Marshal of France.", "Q684096": "The Looney Tunes Show is an American animated sitcom produced by Warner Bros. Animation that ran from May 3, 2011 through August 31, 2014 on Cartoon Network. The series consists of two seasons each containing 26 episodes, and features characters from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon shorts updated for the 21st century.On July 29, 2014, it was announced that the series would not be renewed for a third season in favor of Wabbit (2015\u20132020). A direct-to-video spin-off film named Looney Tunes: Rabbits Run was released on August 4, 2015", "Q790791": "Etelka Barsi-Pataky (15 September 1941, Budapest \u2013 4 February 2018) was a Hungarian politician. From 2004 to 2009, she was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) with Fidesz, part of the European People's Party. She sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Transport and Tourism.Barsi-Pataky was a substitute for the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and\na member of the Delegation for relations with South Africa.", "Q128133": "Niagara Falls is a city in Niagara County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 50,193, down from the 55,593 recorded in the 2000 census. It is adjacent to the Niagara River, across from the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario, and named after the famed Niagara Falls which they share. The city is within the Buffalo\u2013Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Western New York region.\nWhile the city was formerly occupied by Native Americans, Europeans who migrated to the Niagara Falls in the mid-17th century began to open businesses and develop infrastructure. Later in the 18th and 19th centuries, scientists and businessmen began harnessing the power of the Niagara River for electricity and the city began to attract manufacturers and other businesses drawn by the promise of inexpensive hydroelectric power. After the 1960s, however, the city and region witnessed an economic decline, following an attempt at urban renewal under then Mayor Lackey. Consistent with the rest of the Rust Belt as industries left the city, old line affluent families relocated to nearby suburbs and out of town.\nDespite the decline in heavy industry, Niagara Falls State Park and the downtown area closest to the falls continue to thrive as a result of tourism. The population, however, has continued to decline from a peak of 102,394 in the 1960s due to the loss of manufacturing jobs in the area.", "Q65963": "Mieczys\u0142aw \"Mietek\" Pemper (24 March 1920 \u2013 7 June 2011) was a Polish-born German Jew and a Holocaust survivor. Pemper helped compile and type Oskar Schindler's now-famous list, which saved 1,200 people from being killed in the Holocaust during World War II.", "Q660462": "Morges District is a district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The seat of the district is the city of Morges.", "Q6313": "Meissen (German: Mei\u00dfen) is a district (Kreis) in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the state of Brandenburg, the district of Bautzen, the urban district Dresden, the districts S\u00e4chsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge, Mittelsachsen and Nordsachsen.", "Q765268": "Polysics (\u30dd\u30ea\u30b7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9, Porishikkusu, typeset POLYSICS) is a Japanese new wave and rock band from Tokyo, who dubs its unique style as \"technicolor pogo punk\". It was named after a brand of synthesizer, the Korg Polysix. The band started in 1997, but got their big break in 1998 at a concert in Tokyo. They create high energy music, fusing conventional guitar music with synthesized and computer generated sound to create a unique mixture of punk and synthpop heavily inspired by the American bands Devo and The Tubes, as well as Japanese bands such as P-Model and Yellow Magic Orchestra. Their song lyrics often consist of Japanese, English, or just downright gibberish. The band has been noted for their extremely energetic live performances and their wild gimmicky outfits, notably their straight-bar sunglasses and trademark orange boiler suits stamped with a simple \"P\".\n\n", "Q468092": "Perihan Ma\u011fden (born 24 August 1960) is a Turkish writer. She was a columnist for the newspaper Taraf. She was tried and acquitted for calling for opening the possibility of conscientious objection to mandatory military service in Turkey.", "Q724552": "James Donald \"Wxb\" Wetherbee (born November 27, 1952) (Capt, USN, Ret.), is an American former naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aerospace engineer, and NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of six Space Shuttle missions and is the only American to have commanded five spaceflight missions.", "Q704682": "Arvydas Juozaitis (born 18 April 1956 in Vilnius) is a Lithuanian writer, philosopher, politician, cultural worker and former swimmer who won a bronze medal in the 100 meter breaststroke at the 1976 Summer Olympics. In 1988, he was a member of the S\u0105j\u016bdis Initiative Group. He was registered as a candidate for 2019 Lithuanian presidential election.", "Q168517": "Ismail Serageldin (; born 1944 in Giza, Egypt), Founding Director of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina (BA), the new Library of Alexandria, inaugurated in 2002, is currently, Emeritus Librarian, and member of the Board of Trustees of the Library of Alexandria. He serves as Chair or Member of a number of advisory committees for academic, research, scientific and international institutions and civil society efforts, including as co-Chair of the Nizami Ganjavi International Center (NGIC), and serves on the Advisory Committee of the World Social Science Report for 2013 and 2016, as well as the UNESCO-supported World Water Scenarios (2013) and the executive council of the Encyclopedia of Life (2010) and Chairs the Executive Council of the World Digital Library (2010). He also co-chaired the African Union's high level panel for Biotechnology (2006) and again for Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) in 2012-2013, and was a member of the ICANN Panel for the review of the internet future (2013).\nBefore that he notably co-chaired the Inter-Academy Panel on Capacity Building for Science in (2003-2004) and was a member of the High Level group for the Alliance of Civilizations convened by the Secretary General of the United Nations (2006-2007). He has held many important international positions, including Vice President of the World Bank (1992-2000), and Chairman Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR, 1994-2000), founder and former Chairman of the Global Water Partnership (GWP, 1996-2000) and the Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP), a micro finance program (1995-2000) and was professor of the International Savoirs Contre Pauvret\u00e9 (Knowledge Against Poverty), at Coll\u00e8ge de France, Paris, and distinguished professor at Wageningen University in the Netherlands. Serageldin is sometimes referred to as the \"most intelligent man in Egypt\".Serageldin has published over 100 books and monographs and over 500 papers on a variety of topics, including biotechnology, rural development, sustainability, and the value of science to society. He has hosted a cultural program on television in Egypt (over 130 episodes) and developed a TV Science Series in Arabic and English. He holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Engineering from Cairo University and a master's degree and a Ph.D. from Harvard University and has received 38 honorary doctorates.In August 2017, an Egyptian judge sentenced Serageldin to three and a half years in prison, for alleged management decisions he made prior to 2011. \nOver 300 eminent persons, including 90 Nobel Prize winners and 20 current and former heads of state, signed a letter supporting Serageldin and objecting to the verdict, and the case was appealed.On the 26th of December, 2017, the Appeals Court delivered its verdict and dismissed all the charges against Ismail Serageldin. The Court found that all the accusations were baseless. Ismail Serageldin is now declared innocent of all the allegations made against him during the previous seven years.", "Q188385": "Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 \u2013 July 27, 1946) was an American novelist, poet, playwright, and art collector. Born in the Allegheny West neighborhood of Pittsburgh and raised in Oakland, California, Stein moved to Paris in 1903, and made France her home for the remainder of her life. She hosted a Paris salon, where the leading figures of modernism in literature and art, such as Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson and Henri Matisse, would meet.In 1933, Stein published a quasi-memoir of her Paris years, The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, written in the voice of Alice B. Toklas, her life partner. The book became a literary bestseller and vaulted Stein from the relative obscurity of the cult-literature scene into the limelight of mainstream attention. Two quotes from her works have become widely known: \"Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose,\" and \"there is no there there\", with the latter often taken to be a reference to her childhood home of Oakland.\nHer books include Q.E.D. (1903), about a lesbian romantic affair involving several of Stein's friends; Fernhurst, a fictional story about a love triangle; Three Lives (1905\u201306); and The Making of Americans (1902\u20131911). In Tender Buttons (1914), Stein commented on lesbian sexuality.Her activities during World War II have been the subject of analysis and commentary. As a Jew living in Nazi-occupied France, Stein may have only been able to sustain her lifestyle as an art collector, and indeed to ensure her physical safety, through the protection of the powerful Vichy government official and Nazi collaborator Bernard Fa\u00ff. After the war ended, Stein expressed admiration for another Nazi collaborator, Vichy leader Marshal P\u00e9tain.", "Q256327": "Wanda Wasilewska (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8vanda va\u0255i\u02c8l\u025bfska]), also known by Russian name Vanda Lvovna Vasilevskaya (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f) (21 January 1905 \u2013 29 July 1964), was a Polish and Ukrainian Soviet novelist and journalist and a left-wing political activist who became a devoted communist. She fled the German attack on Warsaw in September 1939 and took up residence in Soviet-occupied Lviv and eventually in the Soviet Union. She was the founder of the Union of Polish Patriots there and played an important role in the creation of the Polish 1st Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko Infantry Division. The division developed into the Polish People's Army and fought on the Eastern Front during World War II. Wasilewska was a trusted consultant to Joseph Stalin and her influence was essential to the establishment of the Polish Committee of National Liberation in July 1944, and thus to the formation of the Polish People's Republic.", "Q453004": "Espion, l\u00e8ve-toi 1982 is a French spy thriller film directed by Yves Boisset about a sleeper agent in Zurich, based on the thriller Chance Awakening (1977) by George Markstein.\nThis film was first supposed to be directed by Andrzej \u017bu\u0142awski, but in the end it was Yves Boisset who did it. This was the second time that Yves Boisset worked together with Ennio Morricone, after their 1972 film Plot.\n\n", "Q49251": "JoAnn Hardin Morgan (December 4, 1940) is an American aerospace engineer who was a trailblazer in the United States space flight program as the first female engineer at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) John F. Kennedy Space Center and the first woman to serve as a senior executive at Kennedy Space Center. For her work at NASA, Morgan was honored by U.S. President Bill Clinton as a Meritorious Executive in 1995 and 1998. Prior to her retirement in 2003, she held various leadership positions over 40 years in the manned space flight programs at NASA. Morgan served as the director of the External Relations and Business Development during her final years at the space center.\n\n", "Q92455": "Klaus Theweleit (born 7 February 1942) is a German sociologist and writer.", "Q69181": "Carl Friedrich von Siemens (5 September 1872 in Berlin \u2013 9 September 1941 in Heinendorf near Potsdam) was a German Entrepreneur and politician. A member of the Siemens family, he became associated with Siemens & Halske AG in 1899, his family company. He was responsible for the resurrection of the Siemens Group after the First World War. Before his death in 1941, he oversaw state railways for the Reichstag.", "Q531695": "Sir William Ashbee Tritton, JP, (19 June 1875 \u2013 24 September 1946) was a British expert in agricultural machinery, and was directly involved, together with Major Walter Gordon Wilson, in the development of the tank. Early in the First World War he was asked to produce tractors for moving heavy howitzers, the result being eventually the first tanks.", "Q697954": "Atari Teenage Riot (abbreviated ATR) is a German band formed in Berlin in 1992. The name is taken from a Portuguese Joe song entitled \"Teenage Riot\" from the album Teen-age Riot, with the word 'Atari' added as an Atari ST computer was used to create compositions. Highly political, they fuse left-wing, anarchist, anti-fascist views with punk vocals and a techno sound called digital hardcore, which is a term band member Alec Empire used as the name of his record label.", "Q688874": "Samael is a Swiss extreme metal band formed in 1987 in Sion, Switzerland.\nThe current line up of the band include founding members and brothers Vorphalack (Vorph) and Xytraguptor (Xy), guitarist Drop and bassist Zorrac. A few other members have been part of the band throughout the years : Rodolph H. (Keyboards, 1993-1995), Kaos (Guitar 1996-2001), Mas (Bass 1991-2014), and Makro (Guitar 2002-2018).\nSamael is known to incorporate metal, industrial, electronic and symphonic music into their sound and mix it with massive beats, martial rhythms, up-tempo or blast beat. One of the key elements that distinguishes Samael from traditional metal bands is the use of a drum machine in studio and live on stage.", "Q292403": "Lucille Theresa Bliss (March 31, 1916 \u2013 November 8, 2012) was an American actress, known in the Bay Area and in Hollywood as the \"Girl With a Thousand Voices\".A New York City native, Bliss lent her voice to numerous television characters, including the title character of the very first made-for-television cartoon, Crusader Rabbit, Smurfette on the popular 1980s cartoon The Smurfs and Ms. Bitters on the Nickelodeon animated series Invader ZIM. In addition to her television roles, she was known for her work as a voice actress in feature films.", "Q1012900": "Wanda Hazel G\u00e1g (March 11, 1893\u2013June 27, 1946) was an American artist, author, translator, and illustrator. She is best known for writing and illustrating the children's book Millions of Cats, the oldest American picture book still in print. G\u00e1g was also a noted printmaker, receiving international recognition and awards. Growing Pains, excerpts from the diaries of her teen and young adult years, received widespread critical acclaim. Some of her books have been awarded Newbery Honors and Caldecott Honors.", "Q518207": "Jean-Paul Aron (27 May 1925 - 20 August 1988) was a French writer, philosopher and journalist. His most notable work is Les Modernes, which was published in 1984.\nAron was born in Strasbourg. He was a close friend of Michel Foucault in the early 1950s, before a falling out over a lover. He was, like Foucault, an early person of renown in France to die of AIDS, and is widely credited for giving the disease a human face and challenging the public perception of the disease. During his lifetime, he published several historical works that examined middle-class social practices. He is buried at 6, rue du Repos in Paris.", "Q551161": "Christopher Joseph Ward (born October 8, 1965), better known as C. J. Ramone, is an American musician best known for working as the bassist, backing and occasional lead vocalist of the punk rock group the Ramones from 1989 to 1996. He is one of the four surviving members of the Ramones, along with three of their drummers Marky Ramone, Richie Ramone, and Elvis Ramone.", "Q770103": "Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) was a division of German media company Bertelsmann before its completion of sale of the majority of its assets to Sony Corporation of America on 1 October 2008. Although it was established in 1987, the music company was formed as RCA/Ariola International in 1985 as a joint venture to combine the music label activities of RCA Corporation's RCA Records division and Bertelsmann's Ariola Records and its associated labels which include Arista Records. It consisted of the BMG Music Publishing company, the world's third largest music publisher and the world's largest independent music publisher, and (since August 2004) the 50% share of the joint venture with Sony Music, which established the German American Sony BMG from 2004 to 2008.", "Q507327": "The Allman Brothers Band was an American rock band formed in Jacksonville, Florida in 1969 by brothers Duane Allman (founder, slide guitar and lead guitar) and Gregg Allman (vocals, keyboards, songwriting), as well as Dickey Betts (lead guitar, vocals, songwriting), Berry Oakley (bass guitar), Butch Trucks (drums), and Jai Johanny \"Jaimoe\" Johanson (drums). The band incorporated elements of blues, jazz, and country music, and their live shows featured jam band-style improvisation and instrumentals.\nThe group's first two studio releases, The Allman Brothers Band (1969) and Idlewild South (1970) (both released by Capricorn Records), stalled commercially, but their 1971 live release, At Fillmore East, represented an artistic and commercial breakthrough. The album features extended renderings of their songs \"In Memory of Elizabeth Reed\" and \"Whipping Post\", and is considered among the best live albums ever made.\nGroup leader Duane Allman was killed in a motorcycle accident later that year \u2013 on October 29, 1971 \u2013 and the band dedicated Eat a Peach (1972) to his memory, a dual studio/live album that cemented the band's popularity and featured Gregg Allman's \"Melissa\" and Dickey Betts's \"Blue Sky\". Following the motorcycling death of bassist Berry Oakley exactly one year and 13 days later on November 11, 1972, the group recruited keyboardist Chuck Leavell and bassist Lamar Williams for 1973's Brothers and Sisters. This album included Betts's hit single \"Ramblin' Man\" and instrumental \"Jessica\". These tunes went on to become classic rock radio staples, and placed the group at the forefront of 1970s rock music. Internal turmoil overtook them soon after; the group dissolved in 1976, reformed briefly at the end of the decade with additional personnel changes, and dissolved again in 1982.\nThe band reformed once more in 1989, releasing a string of new albums and touring heavily. A series of personnel changes in the late 1990s was capped by the departure of Betts. The group found stability during the 2000s with bassist Oteil Burbridge and guitarists Warren Haynes and Derek Trucks (the nephew of their original drummer) and became renowned for their month-long string of shows at New York City's Beacon Theatre each spring. The band retired for good in October 2014 after their final show at the Beacon Theatre.\nButch Trucks died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound on January 24, 2017, in West Palm Beach, Florida, at the age of 69. Gregg Allman died from complications arising from liver cancer on May 27, 2017, at his home in Savannah, Georgia, also at the age of 69. The band has been awarded seven gold and four platinum albums, and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995. Rolling Stone ranked them 52nd on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time in 2004.", "Q302004": "Frank James Reynolds (November 29, 1923 \u2013 July 20, 1983) was an American television journalist for CBS and ABC News.Reynolds was a New York-based anchor of the ABC Evening News from 1968 to 1970 and later was the Washington, D.C.-based co-anchor of World News Tonight from 1978 until his death in 1983. During the Iran hostage crisis, he began the 30-minute late-night program America Held Hostage, which later was renamed Nightline, and then taken over by Ted Koppel.", "Q16033": "Dietzenbach is the seat of Offenbach district in the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt in Hesse, Germany and lies roughly 12 km southeast of Frankfurt am Main on the waterstream Bieber. Before the Second World War, the current town was a farming village with not quite 4,000 inhabitants. However, after the war, there was a considerable upswing in the population due to refugees settling in the community. From the 1970s onwards, Dietzenbach's population rose rapidly, reaching some 33,000 by 2006. Just under a third of the inhabitants have roots in more than a hundred nations outside Germany. Agricultural buildings are nowadays seldom seen in Dietzenbach.\nIn 2001, Dietzenbach hosted the 41st Hessentag state festival.", "Q172229": "Ricardo H\u00e9ctor Zunino (born 13 April 1949 in San Juan) is a former racing driver from Argentina who participated in Formula One from 1979 to 1981. He competed in 11 World Championship races and two non-Championship Formula One races, the 1980 Spanish Grand Prix and 1981 South African Grand Prix.\nAt the 1979 Canadian Grand Prix, he replaced Niki Lauda at Brabham after the Austrian abruptly quit the team and Formula One. Zunino, attending the race as a spectator on a weekend off from his regular British F1 Championship drive, was chosen to take over the seat, having recently tested for the team. After the 1980 French Grand Prix he was replaced by H\u00e9ctor Rebaque. \nIn Argentina, he was two-time Turismo Nacional champion, with Fiat.", "Q269869": "Gregory Buck Kinnear (born June 17, 1963) is an American actor, producer and television personality. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in As Good as It Gets (1997).\nKinnear has appeared in many popular films, including Sabrina (1995), You've Got Mail (1998), Nurse Betty (2000), Someone like You (2001), We Were Soldiers, Auto Focus (both 2002), Stuck on You (2003), Robots (2005), Little Miss Sunshine, Invincible (both 2006), Green Zone, The Last Song (both 2010), Heaven Is for Real (2014), and television roles, such as Friends, Talk Soup, The Kennedys, Modern Family, House of Cards, and Rake.", "Q84551": "Gisela Hahn (born Gisela Drenkhan; 13 May 1943) is a German film actress. She has appeared in more than 40 films since 1964. She was born in Briesen.", "Q622137": "Lehigh University (LU) is a private research university in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. It was established in 1865 by businessman Asa Packer. Its undergraduate programs have been coeducational since the 1971\u201372 academic year. As of 2019, the university had 5,047 undergraduate students and 1,802 graduate students.Lehigh has four colleges: the P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science, the College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Business and Economics, and the College of Education. The College of Arts and Sciences is the largest, with 35% of the university's students. The university offers a variety of degrees, including Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Arts, Master of Science, Master of Business Administration, Master of Engineering, Master of Education, and Doctor of Philosophy.\nLehigh alumni and faculty include Pulitzer Prize winners, Fulbright Fellows, members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and of the National Academy of Sciences, and National Medal of Science winners.", "Q491437": "Chung Dong-young (born 27 July 1953 in Sunchang County, North Jeolla) is a politician and was the United New Democratic Party nominee for President of South Korea in 2007.\nFrom April 2004 until December 2005, Chung was the South Korean Minister of Unification. Before holding that post, he served two terms in the National Assembly with the National Congress for New Politics and the Millennium Democratic Party, respectively; has twice been chairman of the Uri Party; and was considered a strong contender to succeed Roh Moo-hyun as president. Like Roh, Chung is also a Roman Catholic.He has a bachelor's degree in Korean History from Seoul National University (1979) and master's from the University of Wales, and before entering politics, he was a journalist and anchor at the Politics Section of the Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation. He served as an anchor at MBC Newsdesk from the late 1980s and early 1990s.\nDuring his tenure as Unification Minister, Chung was a strong supporter of the Sunshine Policy. One of his uncontroversial achievements is the foundation of Kaesong Industrial Complex, which is an exclusive industrial zone set up on the southernmost province of North Korea, Keasong. The establishment of the complex, by allowing South Korean small and middle sized companies hiring cheap labors from North Korea brought synergetic effect on the South Korean economy. The complex is now reputed to have promoted peace on the Korean peninsula and to have served as \"the bastion of peace\" whenever the North and South relationship is strained. Some people criticize that he has not taken a tougher stance on North Korea, and that he had rhetorical clashes with the United States that helped weaken relations between the two countries. He was once accused of attempting to distract reporters from a meeting of activists for human rights in North Korea. However, some of the criticisms are biased by the one-sided political perspective from the people who support the hard-line approach to North Korea. The contention that he had impeded on the relationship between South Korea and the United States can be counter proven by the process he had made the Keasong Complex realized. The Keasong Complex could not have made possible unless the then Bush administer had authorized the approve of foreign materials flowing into North Korea. The realization of the complex in the middle of hawk driven period of \"axis of evil\" can only be correctly explained by the quick and wide approach by the then Unification Ministry and the minister Chung to convince the US government and the Korean counterpart.In March 2007, while visiting the North Korean town of Kaesong where South Korean companies are set up, he proposed that an inter-Korean summit be organized there. However, since he had lost the presidential election that year, under the Lee Myung-bak government it never materialized.\nOn October 15, 2007, the United New Democratic Party announced that Chung won about 44 percent of the votes in the party primary, beating two other candidates, to become the party's candidate for the presidential elections that year.Chung, however, lost the elections to the opposition's Grand National Party candidate Lee Myung-bak by the widest margin since direct elections began in 1987. The loss was attributed primarily to the people's disappointment of the economic situation and its dealings and continuous political strife under the Roh Mu-hyun government as well as the unsuccessful campaign strategies that overly relied on criticizing the other candidate, Lee Myung-bak. The issue of the presidential election in 2007 was predominantly about determining truth of the implication of the presidential candidate Lee Myung bak in the allegation of the investment advisory firm BBK ltd. which had then been accused of large scale stock price manipulation that hurt thousands of individual investors. The primary issue was to prove that he was the real owner of the company.\nLee strongly denied the claim even thought there have been plenty of evidence he was at least closely related to the heads of the company and even there was a video tape showing he claiming himself to be the owner of the company. However, any hearings or legal trials of the case had not realized during the presidential election period and obviously after Lee become the president the case lost its force despite the wide public attention to it. Let alone the case, Lee Myung-bak was previously committed fourteen different cases of violations or crimes. However, the widespread perception of the people that the new president has to be the one who can efficiently control the economy has given him the strong edge over the opponent candidate. Evidently, the legitimacy of the president was an issue from the perspective of Chung and Chung's party. He stated that should the turnout for the presidential elections be under 50% that the legitimacy of the result may be an issue. However, the voter turnout was 62.9%.\nEarlier, Chung also criticized opposition leader Park Geun-hye of the Grand National Party that they exploited the event to make an image that she is a victim to emotionally move the voters by immediately campaigning during that party's primaries after her recovery from an attack by a man who slashed her face with a small knife. Later, he attributed the downfall of his party in the poll to the attack.Predictably, the Uri Party suffered a major defeat in the elections in which the opposition Grand National Party took 13 of the 16 provinces and major cities.", "Q229295": "Gigliola Cinquetti (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292i\u028e\u02c8\u028e\u0254\u02d0la t\u0283i\u014b\u02c8kwetti]; born 20 December 1947) is an Italian singer and TV presenter.", "Q302762": "Barry Manilow (born Barry Alan Pincus, June 17, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter, arranger, musician and producer with a career that has spanned more than 50 years. His hit recordings include \"Could It Be Magic\", \"Mandy\", \"I Write the Songs\", \"Can't Smile Without You\" and \"Copacabana (At the Copa)\".\nHe recorded and released 46 Top 40 singles on the Adult Contemporary Chart, including 13 that hit number one and 28 of which appeared within the top ten, and has released many multi-platinum albums. Although not a favorite artist of music critics, Manilow has been praised by entertainers including Frank Sinatra, who was quoted in the 1970s as saying, \"He's next.\" In 1988, Bob Dylan stopped Manilow at a party, hugged him and said, \"Don't stop what you're doing, man. We're all inspired by you.\"As well as producing and arranging albums for himself and other artists, Manilow has written and performed songs for musicals, films, and commercials for corporations such as McDonald's, Pepsi-Cola, and Band-Aid, from the 1960s. He has been nominated for a Grammy Award (winning once) as a producer, arranger and performer a total of fifteen times (and in every decade) from 1973 to 2015. He has also produced Grammy-nominated albums for Bette Midler, Dionne Warwick, Nancy Wilson and Sarah Vaughan. Manilow has sold more than 75 million records as a solo artist worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling artists.", "Q1121306": "Kenneth Albert Arnold (March 29, 1915 \u2013 January 16, 1984) was an American aviator and businessman. He is best known for making what is generally considered the first widely reported modern unidentified flying object sighting in the United States, after claiming to have seen nine unusual objects flying in tandem near Mount Rainier, Washington on June 24, 1947.", "Q174880": "Teresa of \u00c1vila, born Teresa S\u00e1nchez de Cepeda y Ahumada, also called Saint Teresa of Jesus (28 March 1515 \u2013 4 or 15 October 1582), was a Spanish noblewoman who felt called to monastic life in the Catholic Church. A Carmelite nun, prominent Spanish mystic, religious reformer, author, theologian of the contemplative life and mental prayer, she earned the rare distinction of being declared a Doctor of the Church over four centuries after her death. Active during the Catholic Reformation, she reformed the Carmelite Orders of both women and men. The movement she initiated was later joined by the younger Spanish Carmelite friar and mystic, John of the Cross. It led eventually to the establishment of the Discalced Carmelites. A formal papal decree adopting the split was issued in 1580.Teresa, who had been a social celebrity in her home province, was dogged by early family losses and ill health. In her mature years, she became the central figure of a movement of spiritual and monastic renewal borne out of an inner conviction and honed by ascetic practice. She was also at the centre of deep ecclesiastical controversy as she took on the pervasive laxity in her order against the background of the Protestant reformation sweeping over Europe and the Spanish Inquisition asserting church discipline in her home country. The consequences were to last well beyond her life. \nForty years after her death in 1622, Teresa was canonized by Pope Gregory XV. At the time she was considered a candidate for national patron saint of Spain, but lost out to St. James the Apostle. She has since become one of the patron saints of Spain. \nHer written contributions, which include her autobiography, The Life of Teresa of Jesus and her seminal work The Interior Castle, are today an integral part of Spanish Renaissance literature. Together with The Way of Perfection, her works form part of the literary canon of Christian mysticism and Christian meditation practice, and continue to attract interest from people both within and outside the Catholic Church. \nHowever, not until 27 September 1970 did Pope Paul VI proclaim Teresa the first female Doctor of the Church in recognition of her centuries-long spiritual legacy to Catholicism.Other associations with Teresa beyond her writings continue to exert a wide influence. A Santero image of the Immaculate Conception of El Viejo, said to have been sent by her with a brother emigrating to Peru, was canonically crowned by Pope John Paul II on December 28, 1989 at the Shrine of El Viejo in Nicaragua. Another Catholic tradition holds that Saint Teresa is personally associated with devotion to the Infant Jesus of Prague, a statue she may have owned. Since her death, her reputation has grown, leading to multiple portrayals. She continues to be widely noted as an inspiration to philosophers, theologians, historians, neurologists, fiction writers and artists, as well as to countless ordinary people interested in Christian spirituality and mysticism. \nSpeaking to pilgrims from Avila in October 1981, Pope John Paul II said: \"It is necessary for the rich legacy left by Teresa of Jesus to be deeply reconsidered so that it can effect a renewal of the inner life of your nation and thereby influence the renewal of life in the entire church in all its aspects. The giant figure of the Great Teresa should act as a strong encouragement in that direction not only on a local or national scale but also on a universal scale\".", "Q585330": "Tony Stratton-Smith (29 October 1933 \u2013 19 March 1987) was an English rock music manager, and entrepreneur. He founded the London-based record label Charisma Records in 1969 and managed rock groups such as the Nice, Van der Graaf Generator and Genesis.", "Q363388": "Mikko Johannes Leppilampi (born 22 September 1978 in P\u00e4lk\u00e4ne, Finland) is a Finnish actor, musician, and TV host. He is the son of Jukka Leppilampi (born 1954), a Finnish gospel musician. Leppilampi is considered to be one of the most promising stars of Finland's movie industry in the new millennium. He shot to fame as a result of his debut movie Helmi\u00e4 ja sikoja, for which he also won a Jussi award.", "Q200607": "The Brothers Lionheart (Swedish: Br\u00f6derna Lejonhj\u00e4rta) is a Swedish fantasy film which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 23 September 1977, directed by Olle Hellbom and based on the book with the same name, written by Astrid Lindgren. It won Sweden's Guldbagge Award for Best Director in 1978.", "Q1834613": "Luc\u00eda Leticia M\u00e9ndez P\u00e9rez (born January 26, 1955) is a Mexican born telenovela and film actress, top model and singer.", "Q92333": "Alfred Schuler (born 22 November 1865 in Mainz; died 8 April 1923 in Munich) was a religious founder, a gnostic, a mystic and a visionary. Franz Wegener has called Schuler the last of the German Cathars. Schuler saw himself as a reborn Roman of the late imperial era. Also a neopagan, he was the spiritual focus of the \"Munich Cosmic Circle\", and made a broad impact without ever publishing a book during his lifetime. Stefan George and Ludwig Klages were, amongst others, significantly influenced by him.\nSchuler studied Archaeology (and Law) in Munich but came to see archaeologists as \"desecrators of graves ripping out of the earth what has been sanctified by the rite of burial, and confining to the unwholesome air of museums the lustrous force rightly working its mighty influence under the cover of darkness\". After his studies Schuler made his living as an 'independent scholar' in Munich. He held his own \"rebirth into an unpleasant epoch\" to be the responsibility of an evil demon. Schuler died during an operation meant to remove a malignant tumour.\n\n", "Q4497489": "Georgy Stepanovich Khizha (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0301; born 2 May 1938, Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR) was a Russian politician and business manager who was one of the Deputy Chairmen of the Government of the Russian Federation during the early years of President Boris Yeltsin's administration.", "Q447717": "Esther Davis (born 1970) is an Australian actress and singer, best known for her roles as Phryne Fisher in Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries and its film adaptation Miss Fisher & the Crypt of Tears, along with Amelia Vanek in The Babadook. Other major works included a recurring role as Lady Crane in season six of the television series Game of Thrones, Sister Iphigenia in Lambs of God and the role of Ellen Kelly in Justin Kurzel's True History of the Kelly Gang.\n\n", "Q119488": "Ullrich Fichtner (born May 8, 1965 in Hof, Germany) is a senior German journalist and editor-in-chief of Der Spiegel magazine.", "Q182870": "Mario Gianluigi Puzo (; October 15, 1920 \u2013 July 2, 1999) was an American author, screenwriter and journalist. He is known for his crime novels about the Italian-American mafia, most notably The Godfather (1969), which he later co-adapted into a trilogy directed by Francis Ford Coppola. He received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for the first film in 1972 and Part II in 1974. Puzo also wrote the original screenplay for the 1978 Superman film. His final novel, The Family, was released posthumously in 2001.", "Q52671": "Carrouge is a former municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2016 the former municipalities of Carrouge, Ferlens and M\u00e9zi\u00e8res merged into the new municipality of Jorat-M\u00e9zi\u00e8res.", "Q734027": "Samih Onsi Sawiris (Egyptian Arabic: \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633\u200e; born in 1957) is an Egyptian-Montenegrin businessman and billionaire and second of three sons of Onsi Sawiris, the other two being Naguib Sawiris and Nassef Sawiris. He is the executive Chairman of the Board of Directors and CEO of Orascom Development Holding AG. As of 2011 his net worth was estimated at $1.4 billion, making him the 879th richest person in the world.Samih Sawiris received his Engineering Diploma in Engineering management from the Technical University of Berlin in 1980. He founded National Marine Boat Factory, followed by Orascom Projects for Touristic Development in 1996 and Orascom Hotels and Development in 1998; the latter two companies later merged to form Orascom Development Holding AG. He has served as CEO and chairman of Orascom Development Holding AG since its incorporation.He became a Montenegrin citizen in 2011. In 2011 he took a 12.5% stake in Swiss football club FC Luzern.In December 2019, he acquired Thomas Cook Germany through his Raiffeisen Touristik (RT) Group, which he already bought 74.9% of its shares in 2014.", "Q382604": "John Peter Berger (; 5 November 1926 \u2013 2 January 2017) was an English art critic, novelist, painter and poet. His novel G. won the 1972 Booker Prize, and his essay on art criticism Ways of Seeing, written as an accompaniment to the BBC series of the same name, is often used as a university text. He lived in France for over fifty years.", "Q42462": "York is a city and unitary authority area in North Yorkshire, England. The population of the council area which includes nearby villages was 208,200 as of 2017 and the population of the urban area was 153,717 at the 2011 census. Located at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss, it is the county town of the historic county of Yorkshire. The city is known for its famous historical landmarks such as York Minster and the city walls, as well as a variety of cultural and sporting activities, which makes it a popular tourist destination in England. The local authority is the City of York Council, a single tier governing body responsible for providing all local services and facilities throughout the city. The City of York local government district includes rural areas beyond the old city boundaries. It is about 25 miles north-east of Leeds and 34 miles north-west of Kingston upon Hull. York is the largest settlement in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire.\nThe city was founded by the Romans as Eboracum in 71 AD. It became the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, and later of the kingdoms of Deira, Northumbria and J\u00f3rv\u00edk. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained. In the 19th century, York became a major hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre, a status it maintained well into the 20th century. During the Second World War, York was bombed as part of the Baedeker Blitz. Although less affected by bombing than other northern cities, several historic buildings were gutted and restoration efforts continued into the 1960s.The economy of York is dominated by services. The University of York and National Health Service are major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy. In 2016, York became sister cities with the Chinese city of Nanjing, as per an agreement signed by the Lord Mayor of York, focusing on building links in tourism, education, science, technology and culture. Today, the city is a popular tourist attraction, especially for international visitors from America, Germany, France and China. In 2017, York became UK's first human rights city, which formalised the city's aim to use human rights in decision making.", "Q12242559": "Musa'id bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (26 June 1923 \u2013 19 August 2013) was a member of the House of Saud. He was the twelfth son of Ibn Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia. He was the father of Faisal bin Musaid, the assassin of his brother King Faisal.", "Q96155": "Johann Sigismund Elsholtz (August 26, 1623 \u2013 February 28, 1688), (some sources mention his day of birth as August 28, and his death on February 19) was a German naturalist who was a native of Frankfurt an der Oder.", "Q289023": "Robert Dennard (born September 5, 1932) is an American electrical engineer and inventor.\nDennard was born in Terrell, Texas, U.S.. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in 1954 and 1956, respectively. He earned a Ph.D. from Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1958. His professional career was spent as a researcher for International Business Machines.\nIn 1966 he invented dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), for which a patent was issued in 1968. Dennard was also among the first to recognize the tremendous potential of downsizing MOSFETs. The scaling theory he and his colleagues formulated in 1974 postulated that MOSFETs continue to function as voltage-controlled switches while all key figures of merit such as layout density, operating speed, and energy efficiency improve \u2013 provided geometric dimensions, voltages, and doping concentrations are consistently scaled to maintain the same electric field. This property underlies the achievement of Moore's Law and the evolution of microelectronics over the last few decades.", "Q98178": "Berta Lask (17 November 1878 \u2013 28 March 1967) was a German writer, playwright and journalist. She joined the Communist Party in 1923 and much of her published work is strongly polemical.Sources identify her under several different names. Between her marriage to Louis Jacobsohn in 1901 and 1917 she used, for some purposes, the name Berta Jacobsohn. After the death of both her brothers in law, the couple changed their name to Jacobsohn-Lask. She also wrote under the pseudonym \"Gerhard Wieland\".", "Q2830125": "Alain M\u00e9rieux (born 10 July 1938) is a French billionaire businessman, chairman of Institut M\u00e9rieux.\n\n", "Q8458": "Human rights are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law. They are commonly understood as inalienable, fundamental rights \"to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being\" and which are \"inherent in all human beings\", regardless of their age, ethnic origin, location, language, religion, ethnicity, or any other status. They are applicable everywhere and at every time in the sense of being universal, and they are egalitarian in the sense of being the same for everyone. They are regarded as requiring empathy and the rule of law and imposing an obligation on persons to respect the human rights of others, and it is generally considered that they should not be taken away except as a result of due process based on specific circumstances; for example, human rights may include freedom from unlawful imprisonment, torture, and execution.The doctrine of human rights has been highly influential within international law and global and regional institutions. Actions by states and non-governmental organisations form a basis of public policy worldwide. The idea of human rights suggests that \"if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of human rights\". The strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights continue to provoke considerable scepticism and debates about the content, nature and justifications of human rights to this day. The precise meaning of the term right is controversial and is the subject of continued philosophical debate; while there is consensus that human rights encompasses a wide variety of rights such as the right to a fair trial, protection against enslavement, prohibition of genocide, free speech or a right to education, there is disagreement about which of these particular rights should be included within the general framework of human rights; some thinkers suggest that human rights should be a minimum requirement to avoid the worst-case abuses, while others see it as a higher standard.Many of the basic ideas that animated the human rights movement developed in the aftermath of the Second World War and the events of the Holocaust, culminating in the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Paris by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. Ancient peoples did not have the same modern-day conception of universal human rights. The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of natural rights which appeared as part of the medieval natural law tradition that became prominent during the European Enlightenment with such philosophers as John Locke, Francis Hutcheson and Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui and which featured prominently in the political discourse of the American Revolution and the French Revolution. From this foundation, the modern human rights arguments emerged over the latter half of the 20th century, possibly as a reaction to slavery, torture, genocide and war crimes, as a realisation of inherent human vulnerability and as being a precondition for the possibility of a just society.\n\n", "Q128655": "Sir Robert Laird Borden, (June 26, 1854 \u2013 June 10, 1937) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the eighth prime minister of Canada, in office from 1911 to 1920. He is best known for his leadership of Canada during World War I.\nBorden was born in Grand-Pr\u00e9, Nova Scotia. He worked as a schoolteacher for a period and then served his articles of clerkship at a Halifax law firm. He was called to the bar in 1878, and soon became one of Nova Scotia's most prominent barristers. Borden was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1896, representing the Conservative Party. He replaced Charles Tupper as party leader in 1901, and became prime minister after the party's victory at the 1911 federal election.\nAs prime minister, Borden led Canada through World War I and its immediate aftermath. His government passed the War Measures Act, created the Canadian Expeditionary Force, and eventually introduced compulsory military service, which sparked the 1917 conscription crisis. On the home front, it dealt with the consequences of the Halifax Explosion, introduced women's suffrage for federal elections, and used the North-West Mounted Police to break up the 1919 Winnipeg general strike. For the 1917 federal election (the first in six years), Borden created the Unionist Party, an amalgam of Conservatives and pro-conscription Liberals; his government was re-elected with an overwhelming majority.\nBorden retired from politics in 1920, having accepted a knighthood in 1915 \u2013 the last Canadian prime minister to be knighted. He was also the last prime minister born before Confederation, and is the most recent Nova Scotian to hold the office. His portrait has appeared on Canadian one hundred-dollar notes produced since 1976, but in late 2016 the government announced Borden's image would be removed during the next redesign.\n\n", "Q371954": "Up in Central Park is a 1948 American musical comedy film directed by William A. Seiter and starring Deanna Durbin, Dick Haymes and Vincent Price. Based on the play Up in Central Park by Herbert Fields with a screenplay by Karl Tunberg, the film is about a newspaper reporter and the daughter of an immigrant maintenance man who help expose political corruption in New York City in the 1870s.\n\n", "Q139980": "Oszk\u00e1r J\u00e1szi (born Oszk\u00e1r Jakobuvits, 2 March 1875 \u2013 13 February 1957), also known in English as Oscar J\u00e1szi, was a Hungarian social scientist, historian, and politician.", "Q44013": "Vaughan (2016 population 306,233) is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is located in the Regional Municipality of York, just north of Toronto. Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996 and 2006 with its population increasing by 80.2% during this time period and having nearly doubled in population since 1991. It is the fifth-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area, and the 17th-largest city in Canada.\n\n", "Q1077632": "Christian Palko (born May 4, 1973), better known by his stage name Cage, is an American rapper and actor from Middletown, Orange County, New York. He spent most of his career on the labels Definitive Jux and Eastern Conference. He has released four solo albums, from Movies for the Blind (2002) to Kill the Architect (2013), in addition to two compilation albums and two extended plays.\nAside from his solo career, Cage is one of the founders of the underground hip hop supergroup The Weathermen, which was formed in 1999. He also established a group called Smut Peddlers, with hip hop duo The High & Mighty, publishing an album titled Porn Again, in 2001. He is also known for his collaborations with New Jersey rapper Tame One; the two are collectively known as Leak Bros. Cage and Camu Tao made up the duo Nighthawks, who released an eponymous 2002 album.", "Q109843": "Ludwig Franz (30 August 1922 in W\u00f6rth an der Donau - 2 July 1990 in Rottach-Egern) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nHe was a member of the Bundestag from 1953 to 1976, representing Rosenheim.", "Q1173326": "Dave Rempis (born March 24, 1975) is an American free jazz saxophonist. He plays alto, tenor and baritone saxophone.", "Q552681": "Pierre-Louis Le Bris (6 February 1929 \u2013 6 June 2015), known as Pierre Brice, was a French actor, best known as portraying fictional Apache-chief Winnetou in German films based on Karl May novels.", "Q461539": "Alles auf Zucker! (English: Go for Zucker!) is a German comedy film, released internationally in 2004. It can be seen as part of the \"Ossi-Wessi\" confrontation within Germany. Directed by Dani Levy, the cast includes Henry H\u00fcbchen, Hannelore Elsner, Udo Samel, Go\u0142da Tencer and Steffen Groth.\nDirector Dani Levy, himself Jewish, has made an ironic comedy about modern Jewish identity in present-day Germany. Henry H\u00fcbchen stars as Jaecki Zucker.", "Q235333": "Brittany Leanna Robertson (born April 18, 1990) is an American actress. She has played the lead role in Tomorrowland (2015), as well as appearing in the films The Space Between Us, A Dog's Purpose (both 2017) and I Still Believe (2020). Robertson also starred in television series such as Life Unexpected, The Secret Circle, Under the Dome, and For the People.", "Q101990": "Jesko Friedrich (born 2 April 1974 in Gie\u00dfen) is a German comedy television actor and writer.", "Q1681116": "James Smith \"Mac\" McDonnell (April 9, 1899 \u2013 August 22, 1980) was an American aviator, engineer, and businessman. He was an aviation pioneer and founder of McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, later McDonnell Douglas, and the James S. McDonnell Foundation.\n\n", "Q273366": "Saskia Reeves (born 16 August 1961) is an English actress best known for her roles in the films Close My Eyes (1991) and I.D. (1995), and the 2000 miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune.", "Q73330": "J\u00f6rg Asmussen (born 31 October 1966) is a German economist. He previously served as State Secretary at the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, as a member of the executive board of the European Central Bank (ECB) and as Deputy Finance Minister of Germany.\nAsmussen has been a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany since 1987.", "Q648107": "Johan Reinholdz (born 30 June 1980) is a progressive metal artist best known for his work with the Swedish progressive metal band Andromeda, Swedish death metal band NonExist and the melodic death metal band Skyfire. He composed Andromeda's debut album, Extension of the Wish. He has also released four more studio albums with Andromeda and one live-album. In 2004 he joined Skyfire on Esoteric in 2009. Since early 2017 he plays with Dark Tranquillity, going from live member to full time member in 2020, replacing original guitarist Martin Henriksson.", "Q4722705": "Alfred George Gardyne de Chastelain, DSO, OBE (1906\u20131974) was a British-Canadian businessman, soldier, and secret agent, noted for his actions during World War II. He was the father of Canadian General John de Chastelain.", "Q1227526": "St Paul's School is a selective independent school for boys aged 13\u201318, founded in 1509 by John Colet and located on a 43-acre (180,000m2) site by the River Thames, in Barnes, London.\nIt is one of the original nine British \"Clarendon\" public schools as investigated by the 1861 Clarendon Commission. However, The School successfully argued that it should be omitted from the Public Schools Act 1868.Since 1881, St Paul's has had its own preparatory school, St Paul's Juniors (formerly Colet Court), which since 1968 has been located on the same site.\nSt Paul's has been ranked (2001) as the leading boys' school in the country academically, on the merit of its position in the national GCSE and A level examination performance tables combined with one of the highest Oxford and Cambridge acceptance rates of any secondary school or college.The school is currently being rebuilt and expanded as part of a \u00a3150 million project. Beginning in 2011, the work was scheduled to be carried out in phases over a period of thirty years .", "Q705775": "Arthur Dyer Tripp III (born September 10, 1944) is a retired American musician who is best known for his work as a percussionist with Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention and Captain Beefheart and his Magic Band during the 1960s and 1970s. Tripp retired from music in the 1980s and works as a chiropractor in Mississippi.", "Q233742": "Ludivine Sagnier (born 3 July 1979) is a French actress and model, who has appeared in films since 1989. She was nominated for two C\u00e9sar Awards for Best Supporting Actress in Swimming Pool (2003) and Un secret (2007).", "Q371203": "Princess Marie-Esm\u00e9ralda of Belgium, Lady Moncada (Marie-Esm\u00e9ralda Adelaide Lilian Anne L\u00e9opoldine; born 30 September 1956) is a member of the Belgian Royal Family and the aunt of King Philippe of Belgium. Princess Marie-Esm\u00e9ralda is a journalist, author and documentary-maker. She is also an environmental activist and a campaigner for women\u2019s rights and indigenous people\u2019s rights.", "Q4679715": "Adam Samuel Bennion (December 2, 1886 \u2013 February 11, 1958) was a leader in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Born in Taylorsville, Utah Territory, Bennion received degrees from the University of Utah, Columbia University, and the University of California. He also studied at the University of Chicago. He became a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles on April 9, 1953, filling a vacancy created by the death of John A. Widtsoe.\nBennion served less than five years in the Quorum of the Twelve before his death. He was replaced in the Quorum by Hugh B. Brown.", "Q439752": "Jimmy DeGrasso (born March 16, 1963) is an American heavy metal drummer.\nDeGrasso was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and graduated from Liberty High School in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 1981 where he was a member of the Grenadier Band.\nDeGrasso has performed with the Argentine band A.N.I.M.A.L., David Lee Roth, Lita Ford, Ozzy Osbourne, F5, Dokken, White Lion, Suicidal Tendencies, and Y&T. More recently, DeGrasso was a member of Megadeth, and spent five years with Black Star Riders until March 2017.\nHe was Alice Cooper's drummer who played in Wayne's World (at the very end of the 'Hey Stoopid' tour), South America '95, Summer '96 and '97 tours along with filling in for Eric Singer in Summer '08. Prior to his work with Alice Cooper, he also played with Talas (before they recorded).", "Q65552": "S-chanf ([\u0283t\u0255a\u0271f] ; German: Scanfs; Italian: Scanevo) is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.\nLocalities in S-chanf municipality include Susauna, Chapella and Cinuos-chel.", "Q1000135": "Gaocheng (simplified Chinese: \u85c1\u57ce\u533a; traditional Chinese: \u85c1\u57ce\u5340; pinyin: G\u01ceoch\u00e9ng Q\u016b; literally: 'Straw City') is one of eight districts of the prefecture-level city of Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei Province, North China, on the upper reaches of the Hutuo River (\u6ef9\u6cb1\u6cb3). The city has a total area of 836 square kilometres (323 sq mi) and in 2010 had a population of 743,000.", "Q2362258": "Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo (born December 17, 1956) is a Mexican businessman who served as governor of Sonora under the Institutional Revolutionary Party, PRI. He is a member of the Robinson Bours family which immigrated from the United States in the 19th century. Before being elected governor, he served as Senator representing his state in the Mexican Senate. In 2000, he won the primary election with 51% of the votes. Later he was elected Governor of his state in July 2003. His term ended in 2009 without the possibility of reelection.", "Q568509": "Theodore Peter James Kinnaird Taptiklis (born 16 December 1984) is an English actor, director, producer and model, known for portraying the role of Tobias \"Four\" Eaton in The Divergent Series film trilogy. He played Detective Walter William Clark, Jr. in the crime-drama series Golden Boy (2013), and David in the films Underworld: Awakening (2012) and Underworld: Blood Wars (2016). He starred as Will Younger in the Netflix Original film How It Ends (2018).In 2015, he became the brand ambassador for Hugo Boss fragrances for men, appearing in print ads and commercials.James runs a film and TV production company Untapped along with Andrew D. Corkin of Uncorked Productions.\n\n", "Q1930688": "Michel Chevalier (French: [\u0283\u0259.va.lje]; 13 January 1806 \u2013 18 November 1879) was a French engineer, statesman, economist and free market liberal.", "Q529233": "Angela Jean Ahrendts, DBE (born June 7, 1960) is an American businesswoman and was the senior vice president of retail at Apple Inc. She was the CEO of Burberry from 2006 to 2014. Ahrendts left Burberry to join Apple in 2014. Ahrendts was ranked 25th in Forbes' 2015 list of the most powerful women in the world, 9th most powerful woman in the U.K. in the BBC Radio 4 Woman's Hour 100 Power List, and 29th in Fortune's 2014 list of the world's most powerful women in business. She was also a member of the UK's Prime Minister's business advisory council until it was disbanded in 2016.", "Q385": "Gdynia ( g\u0259-DIN-ee-\u0259, Polish: [\u02c8\u0261d\u0268\u0272a] (listen); German: Gdingen; Kashubian: Gdini\u00f4, 1939-1945 Gotenhafen) is a city in northern Poland. Located on Gda\u0144sk Bay on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, it is the second largest city in Pomeranian Voivodeship after Gda\u0144sk and a major seaport. Gdynia has a population of c. 246,000, which makes it the twelfth-largest city in Poland. It is part of a conurbation with the spa town of Sopot, the city of Gda\u0144sk and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the Tricity (Tr\u00f3jmiasto), with a population of over 1,000,000 people.\nHistorically and culturally part of Kashubia in Eastern Pomerania, Gdynia for centuries remained a small farming and fishing village. At the beginning of the 20th-century Gdynia became a seaside resort town and experienced an inflow of tourists. This triggered an increase in local population. After Poland regained its independence in 1918, a decision was made to construct a Polish seaport in Gdynia, between the Free City of Danzig (a semi-autonomous city-state) and German Pomerania, making Gdynia a primary economic hub. In 1926 Gdynia was granted city rights, after which it experienced a rapid demographic and architectural development.\nIt was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II, during which the newly built port and shipyard were completely destroyed. The population of the city suffered heavy losses as most of the inhabitants were evicted and expelled. The locals were either displaced to other regions of occupied Poland or sent to German Nazi concentration camps throughout Europe. After the war, Gdynia was settled with the former inhabitants of Warsaw and lost cities, such as Lviv and Vilnius in the Eastern Borderlands. The city was gradually regenerating, with its shipyard being rebuilt and expanded. In December 1970 the shipyard workers protest against the increase of prices was bloodily repressed. This greatly contributed to the rise of the Solidarity movement in nearby Gda\u0144sk.\nToday the port of Gdynia is a regular stopover on the itinerary of luxurious passenger ships and a new ferry terminal with a civil airport are under realisation. The city won numerous awards for its safety, infrastructure, quality of life and a rich variety of tourist attractions. In 2013 Gdynia was ranked as Poland's best city to live in and topped the rankings in the category of general quality of life.", "Q251879": "Danuta Lato is a Polish glamour model, actress and later singer.", "Q1054564": "Mango, stage name of Giuseppe Mango (6 November 1954 \u2013 7 December 2014), was an Italian singer-songwriter and musician.\nHe was known for his style which fuses pop, rock, folk, world music and for his extensive vocal range. He is best known for the song \"Oro\", from his 1986 breakout album release Odissea. Other hits include \"Lei verr\u00e0\", \"Mediterraneo\", \"Bella d'estate\", \"Amore per te\", \"Come Monnalisa\", \"Nella mia citt\u00e0\" and \"La rondine\".\nMango has been defined by Italian music author Mario Luzzatto Fegiz as an \"authentic innovator of Italian pop music\" and Allmusic considers him an \"Italian rock fusion innovator\".He wrote songs for Italian artists such as Patty Pravo, Loredana Bert\u00e8, Andrea Bocelli, Mietta. Part of his repertoire was performed by Italian and foreign musicians including Mina, Mia Martini, Leo Sayer, H\u00e9l\u00e8ne S\u00e9gara and Eleftheria Arvanitaki.\n\n", "Q77156": "Constantin Fehrenbach, sometimes falsely, Konstantin Fehrenbach (11 January 1852 \u2013 26 March 1926), was a German Catholic politician who was one of the major leaders of the Centre Party or Zentrum. He served as President of the Reichstag in 1918, and then as President of the Weimar National Assembly from 1919 to 1920. In June 1920, Fehrenbach became Chancellor of Germany. He resigned in May 1921 over the issue of war reparation payments to the Allies. Fehrenbach headed the Centre Party's Reichstag fraction from 1923 until his death in 1926.", "Q18119757": "An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition or process. The invention process is a process within an overall engineering and product development process. It may be an improvement upon a machine or product or a new process for creating an object or a result. An invention that achieves a completely unique function or result may be a radical breakthrough. Such works are novel and not obvious to others skilled in the same field. An inventor may be taking a big step toward success or failure.\nSome inventions can be patented. A patent legally protects the intellectual property rights of the inventor and legally recognizes that a claimed invention is actually an invention. The rules and requirements for patenting an invention vary by country and the process of obtaining a patent is often expensive.\nAnother meaning of invention is cultural invention, which is an innovative set of useful social behaviours adopted by people and passed on to others. The Institute for Social Inventions collected many such ideas in magazines and books. Invention is also an important component of artistic and design creativity. Inventions often extend the boundaries of human knowledge, experience or capability.", "Q199707": "The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen: \u0422\u04af\u0440\u043a\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0441\u044b, T\u00fcrkmenistan Sowet Sotsialistik Respublikasy; Russian: \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, Turkmenskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also commonly known as Turkmenistan or Turkmenia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union located in Central Asia existed as a republic from 1925 to 1991. Initially, on 7 August 1921, it was established as the Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR before being made, on 13 May 1925, a separate republic of the USSR as the Turkmen SSR.\nSince then the borders of the Turkmenia were unchanged. On 22 August 1990, Turkmenia declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. On 27 October 1991, it became independent as the Republic of Turkmenistan.\nGeographically, Turkmenia was bordered between Iran, Afghanistan to the south, Caspian Sea to the west, Kazakhstan to the north and Uzbekistan to the east.", "Q697203": "The Odyssey is a 1997 American mythology\u2013adventure television miniseries based on the ancient Greek epic poem by Homer, the Odyssey. Directed by Andrei Konchalovsky, the miniseries aired in two parts beginning on May 18, 1997 on NBC. It was filmed in Malta, Turkey, parts of England, and many other places around the Mediterranean, where the story takes place. The cast includes Armand Assante, Greta Scacchi, Irene Papas, Isabella Rossellini, Bernadette Peters, Eric Roberts, Geraldine Chaplin, Christopher Lee and Vanessa Williams.\nAt the 49th Primetime Emmy Awards the series won the award for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries or Special.", "Q19600406": "Florence Wix (May 16, 1883 \u2013 November 23, 1956) was an English-born American character actress who worked from the 1920s in silent films through sound films of the 1950s.", "Q78503": "Hermann Julius Oberth (German: [\u02c8h\u025brman \u02c8ju\u02d0li\u032f\u028as \u02c8o\u02d0b\u025brt]; 25 June 1894 \u2013 28 December 1989) was an Austro-Hungarian-born German physicist and engineer. He is considered one of the founding fathers of rocketry and astronautics, along with the French Robert Esnault-Pelterie, the Russian Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and the American Robert Goddard.", "Q67423": "Ralf Rothmann (born May 10, 1953 in Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein) is a German novelist, poet, and dramatist. His novels have been translated into several languages with Knife Edge (Messers Schneide) and Young Light (Junges Licht) being translated into English.\nMain subject of his work are both the bourgeois and proletarian reality of life in the Ruhr Metropolitan area (e.g., Stier, W\u00e4ldernacht, Milch und Kohle) as well as Berlin (Flieh mein Freund, Hitze, Feuer brennt nicht) with an autobiographically colored focus on alienation, the attempt to escape these situations, and common solitude. His novel \"Feuer brennt nicht\" \n(2009) is a very moving portrait of an artist-writer torn between two women paying a high price for his infidelity. It is now (2012) available in English translation as \"Fire doesn't burn\" published by Seagull Books.", "Q550928": "Maximilian Josef Sommer (born June 26, 1934) is a German-American stage, television, and film actor.", "Q4943906": "Bootham School is an independent Quaker boarding school in the city of York in North Yorkshire, England. It accepts boys and girls ages 3\u201319, and had an enrolment of 605 pupils in 2016. There is also Bootham Junior School down the road commonly known as BJS.\nThe school was founded by the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) and opened on 6 January 1823 in Lawrence Street, York. Its first headmaster was William Simpson (1823-1828). He was followed by John Ford (1828-c.1865). The school is now on Bootham, near York Minster, in a building originally built in 1804 for Sir Richard Vanden Bempde Johnstone.\nThe school's motto Membra Sumus Corporis Magni means \"We are members of a greater body\", quoting Seneca the Younger (Epistle 95, 52).", "Q10873": "Georg Leo Graf von Caprivi de Caprera de Montecuccoli (English: Count George Leo of Caprivi, Caprera, and Montecuccoli), born Georg Leo von Caprivi, (24 February 1831 \u2013 6 February 1899) was a German general and statesman who succeeded Otto von Bismarck as Chancellor of Germany. Caprivi served as German Chancellor from March 1890 to October 1894. Caprivi promoted industrial and commercial development, and concluded numerous bilateral treaties for reduction of tariff barriers. However, this movement toward free trade angered the conservative agrarian interests, especially the Junkers. He promised the Catholic Center party educational reforms that would increase their influence, but failed to deliver. As part of Kaiser Wilhelm's \"new course\" in foreign policy, Caprivi abandoned Bismarck's military, economic, and ideological cooperation with the Russian Empire, and was unable to forge a close relationship with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. He successfully promoted the reorganization of the German military.", "Q529555": "Anthony Henderson (born June 17, 1973), better known as Krayzie Bone, is an American rapper, singer, producer, and entrepreneur. He is a member of the rap group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony.", "Q84960": "Greta Kuckhoff (December 14, 1902 \u2013 November 11, 1981) was a resistance fighter who was a member of the anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Gestapo during the Nazi era. She was married to Adam Kuckhoff, who was executed by the Third Reich. After the war, she lived in the German Democratic Republic, where she was president of Deutsche Notenbank from 1950 to 1958.", "Q237242": "Dame Beryl Margaret Bainbridge (21 November 1932 \u2013 2 July 2010) was an English writer from Liverpool. She was primarily known for her works of psychological fiction, often macabre tales set among the English working class. Bainbridge won the Whitbread Awards prize for best novel in 1977 and 1996; she was nominated five times for the Booker Prize. She was described in 2007 as \"a national treasure\". In 2008, The Times named Bainbridge on their list of \"The 10 greatest British writers since 1945\".", "Q333756": "Rakuto Tochihara (\u6829\u539f \u697d\u4eba, Tochihara Rakuto, born October 19, 1989) is a Japanese actor from Tokyo, a graduate of Horikoshi High School. His debut role was in Boogiepop Phantom where he voiced the character Poom Poom. He later had a starring role in the 2005 Kamen Rider Series Kamen Rider Hibiki and its film Kamen Rider Hibiki & The Seven Senki as the character Asumu Adachi. His roles have also included the drama RH Plus as Ageha Seto and in the film Aquarian Age: The Movie as Naoya Itsuki.", "Q718724": "Gunnar Edvard Rode Heiberg (18 November 1857 \u2013 22 February 1929) was a Norwegian poet, playwright, journalist and theatre critic.", "Q194223": "The University of Buenos Aires (Spanish: Universidad de Buenos Aires, UBA) is a public research university in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Established in 1821, it is the premier institution of higher learning in the country and one of the most prestigious universities in the region. It has educated 17 Argentine presidents, produced four of the country's five Nobel Prize laureates, and is responsible for approximately 40% of the country's research output. According to the QS World University Rankings, the UBA places number 74 globally.The University of Buenos Aires enrolls more than 328,000 students and is organized into 13 independent faculties. It administers 6 hospitals, 16 museums, 13 scientific institutes, 6 interdisciplinary commissions, 5 high schools, the Ricardo Rojas Cultural Center, the Cosmos Cinema, the University of Buenos Aires Symphony Orchestra, and Eudeba (Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires), the country's largest university press.The UBA's academic strength and regional leadership make it attractive to many international students, especially at the postgraduate level. Just over 4 percent of undergraduates are foreigners, while 15 percent of postgraduate students come from abroad. The Faculty of Economic Sciences has the highest rate of international postgraduate students at 30 percent, in line with its reputation as a \"top business school with significant international influence.\"Undergraduate programs at the University of Buenos Aires are free of charge for everyone, regardless of nationality. Tuition from postgraduate programs helps fund the UBA's social mission to provide free university education for all.", "Q21189494": "Mass Appeal Records is an American independent record label founded in 2014. The label is the music division of the Mass Appeal Media Group. In May 2014, it was announced that American rapper Nas was launching an indie label with Mass Appeal with Peter Bittenbender of company Decon. The label's current roster includes artists such as: Nas, DJ Shadow, Mannie Fresh, Dave East, Fashawn, Black Milk, and Keyon Harrold.\nSince its inception, the label has put out releases including the singles \"Old English\u201d from Young Thug, Freddie Gibbs, and ASAP Ferg and Jay Electronica\u2019s \u201cExhibit C\u201d; albums such as Fashawn\u2019s The Ecology, Pimp C's Long Live the Pimp, and J Dilla's The Diary, and mixtapes such as Dave East's Hate Me Now.", "Q33072": "Graham Bonney (born Graham Arthur Ernest George Bradly, 2 June 1943) is a British pop singer and songwriter who has mainly lived and worked in Germany. Although he only had one UK chart hit, \"Super Girl\" in 1966, his success has continued in Europe.", "Q887347": "Robert Pickering \"Bo\" Burnham (born August 21, 1990) is an American comedian, musician, actor, filmmaker and poet. He began his performance career as a YouTuber in March 2006, and his videos have been viewed over 283 million times as of April 2020.\nBurnham signed a four-year record deal with Comedy Central Records and released his debut EP, Bo fo Sho, in 2008. His first full-length album, Bo Burnham, was released the following year. In 2010, Burnham's second album was released, and Words Words Words, his first live comedy special, aired on Comedy Central. His third album and second comedy special, what., was released in 2013 on his YouTube channel and Netflix. Burnham finished first overall in voting in 2011's Comedy Central Stand-up Showdown. His third stand-up comedy special, Make Happy, was released exclusively on Netflix on June 3, 2016.In addition to his career as a comedian, Burnham co-created and starred in the MTV television series Zach Stone Is Gonna Be Famous and released his first book of poetry, Egghead: Or, You Can't Survive on Ideas Alone, in 2013. His first feature film as writer and director, Eighth Grade, was released in July 2018 to widespread critical acclaim and received numerous accolades, including the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay and the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing \u2013 First-Time Feature Film.", "Q72748": "Heinrich von Brandt (2 August 1789 \u0141\u0105kie near Posen \u2013 23 January 1868 Berlin) was a Prussian general and military author.", "Q23261": "Hideaki Anno (\u5eb5\u91ce \u79c0\u660e, Anno Hideaki, born May 22, 1960) is a Japanese artist, animator, anime creator, director, screenwriter, actor, producer, designer and businessperson. He is best known for creating the popular anime series Neon Genesis Evangelion. His style has become defined by his incorporation of postmodernism and the extensive portrayal of characters' thoughts and emotions, often through unconventional scenes presenting the mental deconstruction of those characters. \nAnno's other directorial efforts include Gunbuster (1988), Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water (1990), Kare Kano (1998), Love & Pop (1998), Shiki-Jitsu (2000), Cutie Honey (2004), Re: Cutie Honey (2004), Rebuild of Evangelion (2007\u2013), and Shin Godzilla (2016).Anime directed by Anno that have won the Animage Anime Grand Prix award have been Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water in 1990, Neon Genesis Evangelion in 1995 and 1996, and The End of Evangelion in 1997.\n\n", "Q1556190": "Gustav Meier (13 August 1929 \u2013 26 May 2016) was a Swiss-born conductor and director of the Orchestra Conducting Program at the Peabody Institute of the Johns Hopkins University. He was also Music Director of the Greater Bridgeport Symphony Orchestra in Connecticut, for more than 40 years (1972\u20132013).", "Q311291": "Yaropolk I Sviatoslavich (952 \u2013 11 June 978) (Old East Slavic: \ua656\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043a\u044a \u0421\u0432\u0467\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0447\u044a, transliterated as Iaropolk Svyatoslavich) was a young and rather enigmatic ruler of Kiev between 972 and 980. He was the oldest son of Svyatoslav. His royal title is traditionally translated as \"Prince\".", "Q25610": "Hampstead ( or ) is an area in north London, England. Lying 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of Charing Cross, it extends from the A5 road (Roman Watling Street) to Hampstead Heath, a large, hilly expanse of parkland. The area forms the north-west part of the London Borough of Camden.\nHampstead is known for its intellectual, liberal, artistic, musical and literary associations. It has some of the most expensive housing in the London area. Hampstead has more millionaires within its boundaries than any other area of the United Kingdom.", "Q235455": "Lily Luahana Cole (born 27 December 1987) is an English model, actress and entrepreneur. Cole pursued a modelling career as a teenager and was listed in 2009 by Vogue Paris as one of the top 30 models of the 2000s. She was booked for her first British Vogue cover at age 16, named \"Model of the Year\" at the 2004 British Fashion Awards, and worked with many well-known brands, including Alexander McQueen, Chanel, Louis Vuitton, Jean Paul Gaultier and Moschino. Her advertising campaigns have included Longchamp, Anna Sui, Rimmel and Cacharel.Cole's first leading role as an actress was as Valentina in the 2009 film The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus. Her other film work includes Passages, a short directed by Shekhar Kapur, and There Be Dragons directed by Roland Joff\u00e9. In 2013 Cole founded impossible.com, an innovation group and incubator (previously a gift economy social network which is now renamed to Impossible People).", "Q430776": "Nazareth (; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0635\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0629\u200e, an-N\u0101\u1e63ira; Hebrew: \u05e0\u05b8\u05e6\u05b0\u05e8\u05b7\u05ea, Natzrat; Aramaic: \u0722\u0728\u072a\u072c\u200e, Na\u1e63rath) is the largest city in the Northern District of Israel. Nazareth is known as \"the Arab capital of Israel\". In 2018 its population was 77,064. The inhabitants are predominantly Arab citizens of Israel, of whom 69% are Muslim and 30.9% Christian. Nof HaGalil (formerly Nazareth Illit (lit. \"Upper Nazareth\"), declared a separate city in June 1974, is built alongside old Nazareth, and had a Jewish population of 40,312 in 2014.In the New Testament, the town is described as the childhood home of Jesus, and as such is a center of Christian pilgrimage, with many shrines commemorating biblical events.", "Q361762": "Terig Tucci (June 23, 1897 \u2013 February 28, 1973) was an Argentine composer, violinist, pianist, and mandolinist.\nTucci was born in Buenos Aires, in 1897. His first composition, Cari\u00f1os de Madre was performed for a zarzuela at the Avenida Theatre, in 1917. Following a career as a violinist in local cinema orchestras, he left in 1923 for New York City, and from 1930 to 1941, performed for NBC Radio. Prominent recording label RCA Victor named Tucci executive producer of their lucrative Latin American music unit in 1932, and in 1934, he performed with fellow countryman Carlos Gardel during the renowned tango vocalist's Paramount Pictures contract.\nRemaining at the helm of RCA Victor's Latin unit, Tucci served as lead music arranger for CBS' Pan American Symphony Orchestra from 1940 to 1949 where he collaborated with the accordionist John Serry Sr. and the conductor Alfredo Antonini on the radio program Viva America. During this tenure at CBS in New York City, he also collaborated with Juan Arvizu (Mexican tenor), Nestor Mesta Chaires (Mexican tenor) and Elsa Miranda (Puerto Rican vocalist).\nHe also performed for General Electric from 1941 to 1947, and for the Voice of America, from 1951 to 1959. Tucci led his tango orchestra in numerous RCA recordings, notably My Buenos Aires, in 1958. He retired from RCA Victor in 1964, and in 1969, wrote a reflection on Gardel's last days, Gardel en Nueva York. Tucci lived out his final years in his Forest Hills, Queens, home. He died during a visit to Buenos Aires in 1973, and was buried in New York.", "Q117880": "Jakob Stutz (1801\u20131877) was a Swiss writer.", "Q90901": "Julius August Isaak Jolly (21 February 1823, Mannheim - 14 October 1891, Karlsruhe) was a German politician. From 1868 to 1876 he was Staatsminister and head of government for the Grand Duchy of Baden. His brother was the physicist Philipp von Jolly.", "Q1046612": "Thomas Oliver Chaplin (born 8 March 1979), is an English singer-songwriter, musician and composer, best known as the lead singer of the British pop rock band Keane.", "Q555844": "Alain Carpentier de Changy (born in Brussels, 5 February 1922 \u2013 died in Etterbeek, 5 August 1994) was a racing driver from Belgium. His single Formula One World Championship Grand Prix attempt was at the 1959 Monaco Grand Prix with a Cooper run by Ecurie Nationale Belge, but he failed to qualify. He was more successful in sports car racing.", "Q1783701": "A Grand Day Out with Wallace and Gromit, later marketed as A Grand Day Out, is a 1989 British stop-motion animated short film starring Wallace and Gromit. It was directed and animated by Nick Park at the National Film and Television School in Beaconsfield and Aardman Animations in Bristol. \nThe short premiered on 4 November 1989, at an animation festival at the Arnolfini Gallery in Bristol. It was first broadcast on 24 December 1990, Christmas Eve, on Channel 4. A Grand Day Out is followed by 1993's The Wrong Trousers, 1995's A Close Shave, 2005's The Curse of the Were-Rabbit, 2008's A Matter of Loaf and Death, and many other productions.\nThe short was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 1991, but it lost to Creature Comforts, another stop motion animated short film made by Nick Park and Aardman Animations, also released in 1989.", "Q215949": "Albert Otto Hirschman (born Otto-Albert Hirschmann; April 7, 1915 \u2013 December 10, 2012) was an economist and the author of several books on political economy and political ideology. His first major contribution was in the area of development economics. Here he emphasized the need for unbalanced growth. He argued that disequilibria should be encouraged to stimulate growth and help mobilize resources, because developing countries are short of decision making skills. Key to this was encouraging industries with many linkages to other firms.\nHis later work was in political economy and there he advanced two schemata. The first describes the three basic possible responses to decline in firms or polities (quitting, speaking up, staying quiet) in Exit, Voice, and Loyalty (1970). The second describes the basic arguments made by conservatives (perversity, futility and jeopardy) in The Rhetoric of Reaction (1991).\nIn World War II, he played a key role in rescuing refugees in occupied France.\n\n", "Q119675": "Karl Konrad \"Carlo\" Sutermeister (15 July 1847 - 12 December 1918) was a Swiss engineer and timber businessman, and co-founder of the Banco Popolare di Intra. In 1890 he constructed Italy's first hydropower plant with AC transmission in Cossogno.", "Q161916": "Owen Cunningham Wilson (born November 18, 1968) is an American actor, producer, and screenwriter. He has had a long association with filmmaker Wes Anderson, with whom he shared writing and acting credits for Bottle Rocket (1996), Rushmore (1998), and The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), the latter of which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. He has appeared in a number of Frat Pack comedies and voiced Lightning McQueen in the Cars franchise. His older brother Andrew and younger brother Luke are also actors.", "Q338617": "Pierre Vernier (born 25 May 1931 as Pierre Louis Rayer) is a French actor.", "Q6850": "Peine is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, capital of the district Peine. It is situated on the river Fuhse and the Mittellandkanal, approximately 25 km west of Braunschweig, and 40 km east of Hanover.", "Q263607": "Pat Proft is an American comedy writer and actor. Born in Minnesota in 1947, Proft began his career at Dudley Riggs' Brave New Workshop in Minneapolis in the mid 1960s. He went on to perform as a one-man comedy act in the late 1960s. In 1972, Proft began working at The Comedy Store in Hollywood which led to work in television and film writing for the Smothers Brothers and Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker.Of the many feature films Proft has written, Wrongfully Accused, is the only one he also directed. It was released in 1998.Proft continued to work with David Zucker, and in 2013 announced he was working on a parody film with Zucker involving the Jason Bourne and Mission: Impossible series.", "Q2342822": "West Pakistan (Urdu: \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200e, Mag\u0331\u1e96rib\u012b P\u0101kist\u0101n IPA: [m\u0259\u0263r\u026abi\u02d0 p\u0251\u02d0k\u026ast\u0251\u02d0n]; Bengali: \u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae \u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8, P\u00f4\u015bchim P\u0101kist\u0101n) was one of the two exclaves created at the formation of the modern State of Pakistan following the 1947 Partition of India.After gaining independence from the British in 1947, the State of Pakistan was physically separated into two exclaves, with the western and eastern wings separated from each other by the Republic of India. The western wing of Pakistan comprised three Governor's provinces (North-West Frontier, West-Punjab and Sindh Province), one Chief Commissioner's province (Baluchistan Province), and the Baluchistan States Union along with several other independent princely states (notably Bahawalpur, Chitral, Dir, Hunza, Khairpur and Swat), the Federal Capital Territory around Karachi, and the tribal areas. The eastern wing of the new country \u2013 East Pakistan \u2013 formed the single province of East Bengal (including the former Assam district of Sylhet).\nWest Pakistan was politically dominant despite East Pakistan having over half of the population and a disproportionately small number of seats in the Constituent Assembly. This inequality of the two wings and the geographical distance between them were believed to be delaying the adoption of a new constitution. To diminish the differences between the two regions, the government decided to reorganise the country into two distinct provinces under the One Unit policy announced by Prime Minister Chaudhry Muhammad Ali on 22 November 1954.\nIn 1970, President General Yahya Khan enacted a series of territorial, constitutional and military reforms. These established the provincial assemblies, state parliament, and the current provisional borders of Pakistan's four provinces. On 1 July 1970, West Pakistan was devolved and renamed \"Pakistan\" under Legal Framework Order No. 1970, which dissolved the \"One Unit\" and removed the term \"West\", simply establishing the country as Pakistan. The order had no effect on East Pakistan, which retained the geographical position established in 1955. The next year's civil war, however, resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.", "Q195129": "Laura Ilene Benanti (born Laura Ilene Vidnovic; July 15, 1979) is an American actress and singer.\nOver the course of her Broadway career, she has received five Tony Award nominations. She played Louise in the 2008 Broadway revival of Gypsy, winning the 2008 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. Benanti then appeared in the stage musical Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown in 2010, winning the Drama Desk Award and Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. She played Baroness Elsa Schr\u00e4der in the 2013 NBC television production of The Sound of Music Live! and in 2015 began playing twin sisters Alura and Astra in the TV series Supergirl. Beginning in 2017, Benanti appeared as Edie Randall in the TBS comedy The Detour. Since 2016, she has had a recurring role as First Lady Melania Trump on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert.", "Q98385": "Heinrich Ernst Wachler (* 18 February 1871 in Breslau; \u2020 September 1945 in Theresienstadt) was a v\u00f6lkisch-neopagan and anti-semitic writer, dramatist and publicist.Wachler's mother had been of Jewish origin, but had converted to Protestantism in her youth.There is some confusion about the death of Ernst Wachler. Neopagan web pages and print-on-demand books make it appear as if he died as the victim of the Nazis in a concentration camp. Neo-v\u00f6lkisch writers allege that he was sent to KZ Auschwitz where he perished. The German historian Uwe Puschner (Free University of Berlin) mentions that there are various speculations about Wachler's death, but that, according to two of Wachler's close relatives, Wachler died in summer 1945, after the war as an imprisoned German civilian, in the Theresienstadt concentration camp from Shigellosis.", "Q72984": "Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby Jr. (; May 3, 1903 \u2013 October 14, 1977) was an American singer, comedian and actor. The first multimedia star, Crosby was a leader in record sales, radio ratings, and motion picture grosses from 1931 to 1954. His early career coincided with recording innovations that allowed him to develop an intimate singing style that influenced many male singers who followed him, including Perry Como, Frank Sinatra, Dick Haymes, and Dean Martin. Yank magazine said that he was \"the person who had done the most for the morale of overseas servicemen\" during World War II. In 1948, American polls declared him the \"most admired man alive\", ahead of Jackie Robinson and Pope Pius XII. Also in 1948, Music Digest estimated that his recordings filled more than half of the 80,000 weekly hours allocated to recorded radio music.Crosby won an Oscar for Best Actor for his role as Father Chuck O'Malley in the 1944 motion picture Going My Way and was nominated for his reprise of the role in The Bells of St. Mary's opposite Ingrid Bergman the next year, becoming the first of six actors to be nominated twice for playing the same character. In 1963, Crosby received the first Grammy Global Achievement Award. He is one of 33 people to have three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in the categories of motion pictures, radio, and audio recording. He was also known for his collaborations with longtime friend Bob Hope, starring in the Road to... films from 1940 to 1962.\nCrosby influenced the development of the postwar recording industry. After seeing a demonstration of a German broadcast quality reel-to-reel tape recorder brought to America by John T. Mullin, he invested $50,000 in a California electronics company called Ampex to build copies. He then convinced ABC to allow him to tape his shows. He became the first performer to pre-record his radio shows and master his commercial recordings onto magnetic tape. Through the medium of recording, he constructed his radio programs with the same directorial tools and craftsmanship (editing, retaking, rehearsal, time shifting) used in motion picture production, a practice that became an industry standard. In addition to his work with early audio tape recording, he helped to finance the development of videotape, bought television stations, bred racehorses, and co-owned the Pittsburgh Pirates baseball team.", "Q273414": "Deborah Mary Peterson (born August 22, 1961) is an American musician and the drummer of the band The Bangles. She sang lead vocals on two of the band's released singles, \"Going Down to Liverpool\" (1984) and \"Be with You\" (1989). She is the younger sister of fellow Bangles member Vicki Peterson.\nShe had already established her first band in high school, and started a solo career after the separation of The Bangles in 1990. In 1992, she formed the short-lived duo Kindred Spirit with Siobhan Maher, formerly of River City People.\nPeterson has been married to English sound engineer Steven Botting since 1989. They have two children.", "Q182455": "Wilton Norman Chamberlain (; August 21, 1936 \u2013 October 12, 1999) was an American basketball player who played as a center and is considered one of the greatest players in history. He played for the Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors, the Philadelphia 76ers, and the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played for the University of Kansas and also for the Harlem Globetrotters before playing in the NBA. Chamberlain stood 7 ft 1 in (2.16 m) tall, and weighed 250 pounds (110 kg) as a rookie before bulking up to 275 and eventually to over 300 pounds (140 kg) with the Lakers.\nChamberlain holds numerous NBA records in scoring, rebounding, and durability categories. He is the only player to score 100 points in a single NBA game or average more than 40 and 50 points in a season. He won seven scoring, eleven rebounding, nine field goal percentage titles and led the league in assists once. Chamberlain is the only player in NBA history to average at least 30 points and 20 rebounds per game in a season, which he accomplished seven times. He is also the only player to average at least 30 points and 20 rebounds per game over the entire course of his NBA career. Although he suffered a long string of losses in the playoffs, Chamberlain had a successful career, winning two NBA championships, earning four regular-season Most Valuable Player awards, the Rookie of the Year award, one NBA Finals MVP award, and was selected to 13 All-Star Games and ten All-NBA First and Second teams. He was subsequently enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1978, elected into the NBA's 35th Anniversary Team of 1980, and in 1996 he was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History.Chamberlain was known by several nicknames during his basketball playing career. He hated the ones that called attention to his height, such as \"Goliath\" and \"Wilt the Stilt\". A Philadelphia sportswriter coined the nicknames during Chamberlain's high school days. He preferred \"The Big Dipper\", which was inspired by his friends who saw him dip his head as he walked through doorways. After his professional basketball career ended, Chamberlain played volleyball in the short-lived International Volleyball Association, was president of that organization, and is enshrined in the IVA Hall of Fame for his contributions. He was a successful businessman, authored several books, and appeared in the movie Conan the Destroyer. He was a lifelong bachelor and became notorious for his claim of having had sexual relations with as many as 20,000 women.", "Q108778": "Albert St\u00f6ckl (M\u00f6hren, Middle Franconia, Kingdom of Bavaria, 15 March 1823 \u2013 Eichst\u00e4dt, 15 November 1895) was a German neo-scholastic philosopher and theologian.", "Q331155": "Shruti Haasan (born 28 January 1986) is an Indian film actress and singer who works predominantly in Tamil, Telugu, and Hindi language films. Born in the Haasan family, she is the daughter of actors Kamal Haasan and Sarika Thakur. She is the recipient of several awards, including three Filmfare Awards South, and has established herself as one of the leading actresses of South Indian cinema.\nAs a child artist, Haasan sang in films and appeared in a guest role in her father's directorial Hey Ram (2000), before making her adult acting debut in the 2009 Bollywood film Luck. She achieved recognition with leading roles in the Telugu romantic comedy Oh My Friend (2011), the Telugu fantasy film Anaganaga O Dheerudu (2011), and the Tamil science fiction thriller 7aum Arivu (2011). Her roles in the latter two earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut \u2013 South. Haasan went on to establish herself in South Indian cinema with several commercially successful films, including Gabbar Singh (2012), Vedalam (2015), Srimanthudu (2015), and Si3 (2017). She won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress \u2013 Telugu for the action comedy Race Gurram (2014). Haasan's Hindi film roles include the critically acclaimed crime film D-Day (2013), Ramaiya Vastavaiya (2013), the action film Gabbar Is Back (2015), and the comedy Welcome Back (2015).\nIn addition to acting, Haasan is also an established playback singer. She has received nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer \u2013 Tamil for singing \"Kannazhaga Kaalazhaga\" in 3 (2012) and \"Yeandi Yeandi\" in Puli (2015); and the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer \u2013 Telugu for \"Junction Lo\" in Aagadu (2014). Haasan began her career as a music director with her father's production Unnaipol Oruvan (2009) and has since formed her own music band.", "Q1350976": "Raymond \"Ray\" Lynch (born July 3, 1943) is an American guitarist, lutenist, keyboardist, and composer. He began his musical career in 1967 by performing in The Renaissance Quartet in New York City before leaving in 1974 and giving up his musical career. During his hiatus, Lynch studied with his spiritual teacher, Adi Da, who would ultimately encourage him to return to music. Lynch released five albums during the 1980s and 1990s, including Deep Breakfast, No Blue Thing, and Nothing Above My Shoulders but the Evening. Initially producing his music independently, Lynch eventually worked with Music West. After Lynch sued and left the company, Lynch joined Windham Hill in 1992 before retiring in 2000. Lynch has won three Billboard awards.", "Q216298": "Nicholai Olivia Rothschild (n\u00e9e Hilton; born October 5, 1983) is an American businesswoman, socialite, model and fashion designer. She is a member of the Hilton family by birth, and a member of the Rothschild family through her marriage to James Rothschild, a grandson of Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild, in 2015.", "Q3754146": "Joan Sales i Vall\u00e8s (Barcelona, November 19, 1912 \u2013 November 12, 1983) was a Catalan writer poet, translator and editor. His best known work is the novel Uncertain glory (recently translated into English).As editor, he founded, with Xavier Benguerel, Club Editor, the publisher house of The Time of the Doves from Merc\u00e8 Rodoreda and Bearn o La sala de les nines from Villalonga, among other important works. He was a promoter of the journal Quaderns de l'exili (\"Exile notebooks\").\nHe was awarded the Creu de Sant Jordi in 1982.\n\nFor 500 years, the Catalans have been fools. Is it, then, stop being Catalans? No, but stop being stupid.", "Q579376": "NASA Astronaut Group 5 was a group of nineteen astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. Of the six Lunar Module Pilots that walked on the Moon, three came from Group 5. The group as a whole is roughly split between the half who flew to the Moon (nine in all), and the half who flew Skylab and Space Shuttle, providing the core of Shuttle commanders early in that program. This group is also distinctive in being the only time when NASA hired a person into the astronaut corps who had already earned astronaut wings, X-15 pilot Joe Engle. John Young labeled the group the \"Original Nineteen\" in parody of the original Mercury Seven astronauts.", "Q68704": "Wolfgang Josef Egger (born 13 February 1963) is a car designer from Germany, a former Audi Group head designer, and currently a BYD Group head designer.", "Q227045": "Zouk is a culture and art movement that was created in the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique popularized by the French Antillean band Kassav' in the 1980s. The music of Kassav is an extension of biguine, Gwo ka and cadence-lypso or compas bands, such as Grammacks, Exile One, Les Aiglons and Experience 7 of the 1970s. Very rapid in tempo, it lost ground in the 1980s due to the strong presence of compas / kompa and kadans, the main music of the French Antilles. Today, zouk is the French Antilles compas (Kompa), also called zouk-love.\nExamples of Zouk singers: Francky Vincent, Edith Lefel, Fanny J, Alan Cav\u00e9, Lynnsha, Patrick Saint-\u00c9loi, Jocelyne B\u00e9roard, Kaysha, Soumia, Elizio, Mario Chicot.", "Q509691": "Francis Tierney Gray (born 27 October 1954 in Glasgow) is a Scottish football manager and former player. He played for Leeds United, Nottingham Forest, Sunderland and Darlington, while he also represented Scotland 32 times.\nGray has managed Darlington, Farnborough Town, Grays Athletic, Woking, Basingstoke Town and Bashley.", "Q4894086": "Berndt August Hjorth (born 1862 in Finland, died 1937 in Stockholm) was a Swedish businessman, the founder of Bahco group.\nBerndt August Hjorth came to Sweden in 1881. In 1889 he opened a tools and machinery shop in Stockholm, BA Hjorth & Co, incorporated as a shareholder company in 1916 and in 1954 renamed Bahco. The following year, he made an exclusive contract with Johan Petter Johansson to market his invention, an adjustable spanner.\nIn 1892, Hjorth acquired sole rights to another Swedish invention, the Primus stove, patented by Frans Wilhelm Lindqvist. In 1918, Hjorth acquired the Primus factory on Lilla Essingen island in western Stockholm.\nIn Stockholm, Hjorth lived at Villagatan 15 in Villastaden, a wealthy part of \u00d6stermalm.\nIn the early 1930s, he built his own \"Villa Hjorth\" in Diplomatstaden also in \u00d6stermalm.", "Q66729": "Theodor von Sickel (18 December 1826 \u2013 21 April 1908) was a German-Austrian historian born in Aken, Province of Saxony, Kingdom of Prussia. He specialized in early European medieval history, and is considered to be the founder of modern diplomatics (critical document research).\nIn 1850 he obtained his doctorate from the University of Halle, then furthered his studies at the \u00c9cole Nationale des Chartes in Paris. In 1857 he was appointed professor at the University of Vienna, and from 1869 to 1891, he was director of the Institut f\u00fcr \u00d6sterreichische Geschichtsforschung (Institute of Austrian Historical Research), specializing in ancillary branches of historical study, that included paleography, chronology and diplomatics.\nFrom 1875 he was a member of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica, of which, he subsequently became head of its diplomata section. In this capacity, he performed meticulous and expert edition of medieval documents, including over 1300 royal documents of the 10th century (Diplomata regum et imperatorum Germaniae).\nIn 1881 he established the \u00d6sterreichisches Historisches Institut (Austrian Historical Institute) in Rome, serving as its director until 1901. From 1897 to 1908, he was president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.", "Q1382830": "Joel McNeely (born March 28, 1959) is an American composer, arranger, musician, lyricist, and record producer. A prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of composer Jerry Goldsmith, he is best known for his film and television scores. He won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series for his work on The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles. He frequently collaborates with Seth MacFarlane and contributes to various projects by The Walt Disney Company.", "Q312954": "Ab\u016b 'Abd All\u0101h Ja'far ibn Mu\u1e25ammad al-R\u016bdhak\u012b (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u06cc\u200e; born c. 859, Rudaki, Khorasan\u2014died 940/941), better known as Rudaki (\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u06cc), and also known as \"Adam of Poets\" (\u0622\u062f\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627), was a Persian poet regarded as the first great literary genius of the Modern Persian language.\nRudaki composed poems in the\u200c modern Persian alphabet and is considered a founder of classical Persian literature. His poetry contains many of the oldest genres of Persian poetry including the quatrain, however, only a small percentage of his extensive poetry has survived. As it seems, Rudaki was the first person to combine different roles that were yet distinguishable entitles in the 9th century royal court: musician, poet and declaimer/reciter, and copyist.\n\n", "Q230539": "Val\u00e9rie Trierweiler (French pronunciation: \u200b[vale\u0281i t\u0281i\u025b\u0281v\u025bl\u025b\u02d0\u0281]; n\u00e9e Massonneau; born 16 February 1965) is a French journalist and author. She has hosted political talk shows and has contributed to Paris Match. She is best known for having been the partner of the President of the French Republic, Fran\u00e7ois Hollande, until January 2014.", "Q41396": "Joshua James Brolin (; born February 12, 1968) is an American actor. Brolin has appeared in films such as The Goonies (1985), Mimic (1997), Hollow Man (2000), Grindhouse (2007), No Country for Old Men (2007), American Gangster (2007), W. (2008), Milk (2008), True Grit (2010), Men in Black 3 (2012), Inherent Vice (2014), Sicario (2015), Hail, Caesar! (2016), and Deadpool 2 (2018).\nBrolin began portraying the role of Marvel Comics supervillain Thanos in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, making his first appearance in Guardians of the Galaxy (2014). He appeared in the mid-credits scene of Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), and reprised the role in both Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019).\nBrolin has been nominated at the Academy Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards, Critics' Choice Movie Awards and Independent Spirit Awards.", "Q292198": "ohGr is an American industrial band formed by Nivek Ogre and Mark Walk of Skinny Puppy. Early ohGr releases incorporated hip hop and synth-pop influences, and in contrast to Skinny Puppy, utilized conventional structures and a lighter tone. Ogre noted that this direction was inspired by the pop bands he enjoyed as a child, such as The Archies. However, in releases such as Devils in my Details, ohGr has taken to a more abrasive, non-linear flavour of electro-industrial, while continuing to release pop albums such as 2018's Tricks.", "Q507864": "Donny Edward Hathaway (October 1, 1945 \u2013 January 13, 1979) was an American soul singer, keyboardist, songwriter, and arranger. Hathaway has been described as a \"soul legend\" by Rolling Stone. His enduring songs include \"The Ghetto\", \"This Christmas\", \"Someday We'll All Be Free\", and \"Little Ghetto Boy.\u201d Hathaway is also renowned for his signature versions of \"A Song for You\", \"For All We Know\", and \"I Love You More Than You'll Ever Know,\u201d along with \"Where Is the Love\" and \"The Closer I Get to You\", two of many collaborations with Roberta Flack. He's been inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame and won one Grammy from four nominations. Hathaway was also posthumously bestowed with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.\nDutch director David Kleijwegt made a documentary: Mister Soul - A story about Donny Hathaway which was premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam on January 28th 2020.", "Q237530": "Teressa Claire MacNeille (n\u00e9e Payne; born June 20, 1951) is an American voice actress, and singer who is best known for voicing Dot in Animaniacs, Babs Bunny in Tiny Toon Adventures and the current voice of Daisy Duck in various Disney media, since 1999. She is also widely known for her work in popular long-running animated series such as The Simpsons, Futurama, and Rugrats.", "Q539034": "Antoine de Ch\u00e9zy (1 September 1718, in Ch\u00e2lons-en-Champagne \u2013 5 October 1798, Paris) was a French hydraulics engineer. He is known for the Ch\u00e9zy formula, which concerned the velocity of pipe flow, and in modified form he used it for open channel flow as well. He died in 1798 after being director of the \u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es for less than a year. His son was the orientalist Antoine-L\u00e9onard de Ch\u00e9zy.", "Q526114": "Konrad VII the White (Polish: Konrad VII Bia\u0142y; aft. 1396 \u2013 14 February 1452) was a Duke of Oels / Ole\u015bnica, Ko\u017ale, half of Bytom and half of \u015acinawa during 1416\u20131427 (with his brothers as co-rulers), sole Duke of Ko\u017ale and half of Bytom during 1427\u20131450, Duke of Ole\u015bnica during 1421\u20131450 (until 1439 with his brother as co-ruler) and sole Duke of half of \u015acinawa during 1447\u20131450.\nHe was the fourth son of Konrad III the Old, Duke of Ole\u015bnica, by his wife Judith. Like his three older and one younger brothers, at the baptism he received the name of Konrad, which was characteristic in this branch of the House of Piast.", "Q279139": "No Blood No Tears (Korean: \ud53c\ub3c4 \ub208\ubb3c\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc774; RR: Pi-do nunmul-do eobsi) is a 2002 South Korean pulp noir film from director Ryoo Seung-wan.", "Q943463": "Richard Tucker (August 28, 1913 \u2013 January 8, 1975) was an American operatic tenor.", "Q71533": "Hans-Christian Str\u00f6bele, German pronunciation: [hans \u02c8k\u0280\u026asti\u032fan \u02c8\u0283t\u0280\u00f8\u02d0b\u0259l\u0259], (born 7 June 1939) is a German politician and lawyer. He is a member of Alliance '90/The Greens, the German green party.", "Q444785": "Milton George Gustavus Sills (January 12, 1882 \u2013 September 15, 1930) was an American stage and film actor of the early twentieth century.", "Q322129": "Michael Berrin (born May 6, 1967), best known by his stage name MC Serch, is an American rapper and music executive. He is a former member of 3rd Bass, and Non Phixion.", "Q125832": "Jonathan Goldberg is a literary theorist; formerly the Sir William Osler Professor of English Literature at Johns Hopkins University, he is Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor Emeritus of English at Emory University where he directed Studies in Sexualities from 2008-12. His work frequently deals with the connections between early modern literature and modern thought, particularly in issues of gender, sexuality, and materiality.\nGoldberg received his B.A., his M.A., and his Ph.D. from Columbia University.", "Q67351": "Tenniken is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q231141": "Sarah Kane (3 February 1971 \u2013 20 February 1999) was an English playwright who is known for her plays that deal with themes of redemptive love, sexual desire, pain, torture\u2014both physical and psychological\u2014and death. They are characterised by a poetic intensity, pared-down language, exploration of theatrical form and, in her earlier work, the use of extreme and violent stage action. Kane herself, as well as scholars of her work, such as Graham Saunders, identify some of her inspirations as expressionist theatre and Jacobean tragedy. The critic Aleks Sierz has seen her work as part of what he has termed In-Yer-Face theatre, a form of drama which broke away from the conventions of naturalist theatre. Kane's published work consists of five plays, one short film (Skin), and two newspaper articles for The Guardian.", "Q201082": "For the mentalist Kreskin (born 1935), see The Amazing Kreskin.Jeron Criswell King (born Jeron Criswell Konig, August 7, 1907 \u2013 October 4, 1982), known by his stage-name The Amazing Criswell , was an American psychic known for wildly inaccurate predictions. In person, he went by Charles Criswell King, and was sometimes credited as Jeron King Criswell.\nCriswell was flamboyant, with spit curled hair, a stentorian style of speaking, and a sequined tuxedo. He owned a coffin in which he claimed to sleep. He grew up in a troubled family in Indiana with relatives who owned a funeral home, and said that he became comfortable with sleeping in caskets in the storeroom. He appeared in two of Ed Wood's films.\n\n", "Q719348": "Joseph Weider (; November 29, 1919 \u2013 March 23, 2013) was a Canadian bodybuilder and entrepreneur who co-founded the International Federation of BodyBuilders (IFBB) alongside his brother Ben Weider. He was also the creator of the Mr. Olympia, the Ms. Olympia and the Masters Olympia bodybuilding contests. He was the publisher of several bodybuilding and fitness-related magazines, most notably Muscle & Fitness, Flex, Men's Fitness and Shape, and the manufacturer of a line of fitness equipment and fitness supplements.", "Q25162": "Fabio Fazio (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8fa\u02d0bjo \u02c8fattsjo]; born 30 November 1964) is an Italian television presenter. After debuting in 1982, he presented many TV programs, including Quelli che... il Calcio, Vieni via con me and Quello che (non) ho. Since 2003, he presents the weekly talk show Che tempo che fa, broadcast by Rai 3 and since September 2017 on Rai 1.\nHe presented the Sanremo Music Festival in 1999 and in 2000. In June 2012, RAI confirmed he will present his third edition of the Italian singing competition in 2013.", "Q572545": "Forst (Lausitz) (Lower Sorbian: Bar\u0161\u0107) is a town in Brandenburg, Germany. It lies east of Cottbus, on the river Lausitzer Nei\u00dfe which is also the German-Polish border, the Oder-Neisse line. It is the capital of the Spree-Nei\u00dfe district. It is known for its rose garden and textile museum. The town's population is 18,651. In Forst, there is a railway bridge across the Nei\u00dfe belonging to the line Cottbus\u2013\u017bary which is serviced by regional trains and a EuroCity train between Hamburg and Krak\u00f3w (2011). There is also a road bridge across the river north of Forst.", "Q73324": "Georg Bachmayer (August 12, 1913 \u2013 May 8, 1945) was an SS-Hauptsturmf\u00fchrer (captain) and member of the SS-Totenkopfverb\u00e4nde who served as the Schutzhaftlagerf\u00fchrer, with responsibility for prisoners while they were inside the Mauthausen concentration camp, he also oversaw granite production in the quarry. In this position he also inspected the satellite camps and supervised the construction of the Ebensee camp. He was considered a brutal sadist.\n\"Bachmayer was clearly a sadist. His speciality was to set two mastiff-like bloodhounds (one in 1944 \"Lord\") on inmates, which would literally tear them to death. This was known in camp jargon as \u2018dying from the dog\u2019s kiss\u2019. The real cause of death from a medical point of view was usually general sepsis, if the inmate didn\u2019t die immediately of heart failure. Of the thousands of inmates that Bachmayer himself killed or tortured, just two cases are mentioned here. One day the evening roll call in block 20 didn\u2019t tally and one inmate was missing. In block 20 the unfortunate victims of Action K were housed under special security measures [...] where they were left to die of hunger. When the missing inmate was noticed, all the other inmates in the entire camp were first required to fall in and remain standing in the roll call area. At the same time a search was initiated and the missing inmate was ultimately found in one of the normal inmate blocks where he had hidden in the hope of avoiding starvation. When Bachmayer received the report that the inmate had been found, he was standing by chance next to the undersigned. He began to tremble with gleeful excitement and said half to himself \u2018I\u2019ll batter this one to death myself\u2019, which he then proceeded to do.\"\nGerhard Kanthack, former German government official and political prisoner at Mauthausen (AMM V/3/20)\nSeveral examples of Bachmayer's brutality are described by Vasily Bunelik. and General Officer Georges Loustaunau-Lacau : \n\"The most appalling scene is in February 1945: massacre with an axe of three hundred deportees driven back from another camp. The most revolting methods of destruction employed by Commander S. S. Bachmayer and his deputies completed the natural work of hunger and cold.\"Bachmayer committed suicide nearby Prihetsberg (Austria) on May 8, 1945 after shooting his wife and two children.\n\n", "Q1293929": "The University of Franeker (1585\u20131811) was a university in Franeker, Friesland, the Netherlands. It was the second oldest university of the Netherlands, founded shortly after Leiden University.\nAlso known as Academiae Franekerensis or the University of Friesland, it was the stopover for many Puritans, such as Peter Stuyvesant, escaping the persecutions of Bishop Laud on their way to, eventually, the American Continent. It consisted of departments of Theology, Law, Medicine, Philosophy, Mathematics and Physics.\nInitially the university had an excellent reputation, attracting students from far and wide, but from 1700 its fortune changed. The university was disbanded by Napoleon in 1811, along with the Universities of Harderwijk and Utrecht. After the end of the French r\u00e9gime, the university was not restored. Instead, an Athenaeum illustre was founded, which did not have the right to issue doctoral degrees. In 1843, the Athenaeum itself was disbanded because of a lack of students.\nToday, Franeker has no institute of higher education, although postgraduate students from the University of Groningen are permitted to defend their thesis in the Franeker Martinikerk, provided they are Frisian or their thesis subject has a connection to Friesland.", "Q441825": "Gabriella Ferri (18 September 1942 \u2013 3 April 2004) was an Italian singer born in Rome.\nFerri's career began in a Milan nightclub in 1963. By 1965, she had broken into the Rome singing scene by singing popular Roman songs. One of her biggest hits was \"Sempre\" (\"Always\"). During her career, she also performed Neapolitan and Latin American pieces. During the 1970s, she starred in several popular TV shows. By the 1990s, however, she had largely left the spotlight.\nShe died in Corchiano, province of Viterbo, after falling from a third-floor balcony in an apparent suicide. Family members dispute this, saying she may have fallen ill after taking anti-depression medication and lost her balance.", "Q97908": "Marta Husemann (born Marta Wolter, 20 August 1913 \u2013 30 June 1960) was a German actress and resistance fighter against the Nazi regime, among others in the Red Orchestra.", "Q361004": "Edmond Fran\u00e7ois Valentin About (14 February 1828 \u2013 16 January 1885) was a French novelist, publicist and journalist.", "Q106033": "Bijan Djir-Sarai (Persian: \u0628\u06cc\u0698\u0646 \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200e) is a German politician and a member of the Bundestag on the Free Democratic Party list.", "Q158629": "David John Cawdell Irving (born 24 March 1938) is an English author and Holocaust denier who has written on the military and political history of World War II, with a focus on Nazi Germany. His works include The Destruction of Dresden (1963), Hitler's War (1977), Churchill's War (1987) and Goebbels: Mastermind of the Third Reich (1996). In his works, he argued that Adolf Hitler did not know of the extermination of Jews or, if he did, opposed it. Though Irving's negationist views of German atrocities in World War II (and Hitler's responsibility for them) were never taken seriously by mainstream historians, he was once recognised for his knowledge of Nazi Germany and his ability to unearth new historical documents.\nIrving marginalised himself in 1988 when, based on his reading of the pseudoscientific Leuchter report, he began to espouse Holocaust denial, specifically denying that Jews were murdered by gassing at the Auschwitz concentration camp.Irving's reputation as a historian was discredited when, in the course of an unsuccessful libel case he filed against the American historian Deborah Lipstadt and Penguin Books, he was shown to have deliberately misrepresented historical evidence to promote Holocaust denial. The English court found that Irving was an active Holocaust denier, antisemite and racist, who \"for his own ideological reasons persistently and deliberately misrepresented and manipulated historical evidence\". In addition, the court found that Irving's books had distorted the history of Hitler's role in the Holocaust to depict Hitler in a favourable light.", "Q1196157": "The Godfather Saga is a 1977 American television miniseries that combines The Godfather and The Godfather Part II into one film. It originally aired on NBC over four consecutive nights (one three-hour segment and three two-hour segments) in November 1977. The Godfather Saga is also known as The Godfather: The Complete Novel for Television, The Godfather: A Novel for Television, The Godfather Novella, The Godfather: 1901-1959 - The Complete Epic, and The Godfather Epic (on HBO). The television version was the basis for a shorter, 1981 video release known as The Godfather 1902\u20131959: The Complete Epic. Following the release of The Godfather Part III in 1990, a third unified version was released to video in 1992 entitled The Godfather Trilogy: 1901\u20131980.", "Q234039": "Indiana Rose Evans (born 27 July 1990) is an Australian actress and singer-songwriter, best known for her roles in Home and Away as Matilda Hunter, H2O: Just Add Water as Bella Hartley, and Blue Lagoon: The Awakening as Emmaline Robinson.\n\n", "Q1893889": "Avraham Marek Klingberg (7 October 1918 \u2013 30 November 2015), known as Marcus A. Klingberg, was an Israeli scientist and the highest ranking Soviet spy ever caught in Israel. The case of Klingberg is regarded as one of the most destructive spy scandals in the history of the State of Israel.", "Q64880": "Corona Elisabeth Wilhelmine Schr\u00f6ter (14 January 1751 \u2013 23 August 1802) was a German musician best known as a singer. She also composed songs, setting texts by Friedrich Schiller and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to music.", "Q61708": "Hugo Preu\u00df (Preuss) (28 October 1860 \u2013 9 October 1925) was a German lawyer and liberal politician. He was the author of the draft version of the constitution that was passed by the Weimar National Assembly and came into force in August 1919. He based it on three principles: all political authority belongs\nto the people; that the state should be organized on a federal basis; and that the Reich should form a democratic Rechtsstaat (state based in law) within the international community.", "Q3087179": "Frederick William Lander (December 17, 1821 \u2013 March 2, 1862) was a transcontinental United States explorer, general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and a prolific poet.", "Q324570": "Scipio Colombo (25 May 1910 \u2013 13 April 2002) was an Italian dramatic baritone, and was known for his abilities as a musician and singing-actor.\nBorn in Vicenza, Italy, Colombo first studied philosophy at the University of Padua, before turning to music. He studied in Milan with Giuseppe Venturini and in Rome with Giuseppe de Luca, and made his debut in Alessandria, as Marcello in La boh\u00e8me, in 1937.\nThroughout World War II, he sang at most of the major opera houses of Italy, including the Teatro alla Scala. In 1947, he sang there in the Milan premiere of Prokofiev's The Love for Three Oranges, and of Britten's Peter Grimes, and later took part in the world premiere of Poulenc's Dialogues des Carm\u00e9lites, as the Marquis de la Force, in 1957. He also sang in Mussorgski's Khovantchina, in 1949. He created roles in contemporary Italian works, notably in Dallapiccola's Il prigioniero (Florence, 1950), and Pizzetti's Cagliostro (La Scala, 1953). He also sang in Dallapiccola's Volo di notte at the Scala (1964).\nHe made guest appearances at the Op\u00e9ra de Monte-Carlo, Vienna State Opera (Il trovatore, Rigoletto, and Tosca, in 1955 and 1956), Arena di Verona, and Covent Garden (Tosca, in 1956 and 1958), as well as the Aix-en-Provence Festival and the Bregenz Festival.\nColombo also sang many of the great baritone roles of the Italian repertory: Rigoletto, Count di Luna, Giorgio Germont, Count Almaviva, Don Giovanni, Guglielmo, Lescaut, Marcello, etc. In 1957, the singing-actor sang the Baron Scarpia to Magda Olivero's first Floria Tosca, for RAI (a performance published on Compact Discs, by Opera Depot).\nIn 1956, the baritone portrayed Ford in a film of Falstaff for RAI, with Giuseppe Taddei in the name part, Tullio Serafin conducting, and Herbert Graf directing. In 2005, VAI published the film on DVD.\nHe was awarded the Order of Merit by the Emperor of Japan.\nBeginning in 1963, he taught at the Musikhochschule in Karlsruhe. He died in Gernsbach, Germany.", "Q973588": "Richard Chappel Parsons (October 10, 1826 \u2013 January 9, 1899) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.\nBorn in New London, Connecticut, Parsons pursued classical studies.\nHe moved to Norwalk, Ohio, in 1845.\nHe studied law.\nHe was admitted to the bar in 1851 and commenced practice at Cleveland, Ohio. He was the law partner of Rufus P. Spalding.\nHe served as member of the city council in 1852 and 1853 and served as president in 1853.\nHe served as member of the State house of representatives 1858-1861 and served one term as speaker.\nHe was appointed consul to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on March 27, 1862, but resigned, effective October 1, 1862.\nHe served as collector of internal revenue at Cleveland 1862-1866.\nPresident Andrew Johnson offered Parsons the offices of Governor of Montana Territory and Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. He declined both.\nMarshal of the Supreme Court of the United States 1867-1872.\nParsons was elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873 \u2013 March 3, 1875).\nHe was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for reelection to the Forty-fourth Congress. He resumed the practice of law in Cleveland, Ohio. He was editor and part owner with William Perry Fogg of the Cleveland Daily Herald in 1877.\nHe died in Cleveland, Ohio, January 9, 1899. He was interred in Lake View Cemetery.\nParsons was the son-in-law of Samuel Starkweather.", "Q315975": "Andr\u00e9s Pastrana Arango (born August 17, 1954) was the 30th President of Colombia from 1998 to 2002, following in the footsteps of his father, Misael Pastrana Borrero, who was president from 1970 to 1974. As of 2017, he is the last president to come from the Conservative Party.", "Q237518": "Olga Fyodorovna Bergholz (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446, IPA: [\u02c8ol\u02b2\u0261\u0259 \u02c8f\u02b2\u0275d\u0259r\u0259vn\u0259 b\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8\u0261ol\u02b2ts] (listen); May 16 [O.S. May 3] 1910 \u2013 November 13, 1975) was a Soviet poet, writer, playwright and journalist. She is most famous for her work on the Leningrad radio during the city's blockade, when she became the symbol of city's strength and determination.", "Q884114": "Blind Alfred Reed (June 15, 1880 \u2013 January 17, 1956) was an American folk, country, and old-time musician and singer-songwriter. He was one of the artists who recorded at the Bristol Sessions in 1927, alongside more famous names such as Jimmie Rodgers and The Carter Family. He played the fiddle along with his son Arville, who played the guitar.", "Q334763": "Side Effects is a 2013 American psychological thriller film directed by Steven Soderbergh and written by Scott Z. Burns. It stars Rooney Mara as a woman who is prescribed experimental drugs by psychiatrists (Jude Law and Catherine Zeta-Jones) after her husband (Channing Tatum) is released from prison. Side Effects was released in the United States on February 8, 2013 by Open Road Films.", "Q115701": "Adolphe Niel (4 October 1802 \u2013 13 August 1869) was a French Army general and statesman, also Marshal of France.\nHe was born at Muret, Haute-Garonne and entered the \u00c9cole Polytechnique in 1821. Niel entered the engineer school at Metz, became lieutenant in the Engineers Corps in 1827, and captain in 1833. At the storming of Constantine, Algeria, Niel led the engineer detachment with one of the storming parties, and his conduct gained for him the rank of chef de bataillon in 1837. Niel was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1840 and to colonel in 1846. His next war service was as Chief of Staff to General Vaillant during the 1849 siege of Rome, after which he was made general of brigade and director of engineer services at headquarters.In 1851, Niel became a member of the Committee of Fortifications. He became a member of the council of state in 1852 and in 1853 was promoted to general of the division. In the first part of the Crimean War, Niel was employed in the expedition to the Baltic Sea and directed engineering operations against Bomarsund. Early in 1855 Niel was sent to the Crimea, where he succeeded General Bizot as chief of engineers. For some years Niel had been the most trusted military adviser of Napoleon III, and he was now empowered to advise the generals on the spot in accordance with the wishes of the sovereign and the home government.Niel managed to carry out this delicate and difficult task with as much success as could be expected, and he directed siege operations at the Battle of Malakoff. His reward was the grand cross of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur. From 1855 to 1859 Niel was employed at headquarters and also served in the French Senate. In the war against the Austrians, Niel commanded the IV Corps and took part in the Battle of Magenta and the Battle of Solferino. Niel was made a marshal of France on the field at Solferino.After he served for some years in a home command, Niel became minister of war and held the position from 1867 to 1869. In this capacity he drafted and began to carry out a far-reaching scheme of army reform, based on universal service and the automatic creation of large reserves which needed only time to mature. Under his system, those men who had purchased exemption from conscription into the army would nonetheless be called up into a new service, the Garde Mobile. He also was able to rearm the whole of the army with the chassepot rifle, but not the Garde Mobile. He did not live to complete the development of his system.Niel died in Paris during an operation for a bladder stone, and a year later the Franco-Prussian War destroyed the old imperial army upon which the new formations were to have been grafted.", "Q69354": "Montreux (UK: , US: , French: [m\u0254\u0303t\u0281\u00f8]) is a municipality and a Swiss town on the shoreline of Lake Geneva at the foot of the Alps. It belongs to the district of Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland and has a population of about 25,000, and about 85,000 in the agglomeration Vevey-Montreux.", "Q49084": "A short story is a piece of prose fiction that typically can be read in one sitting and focuses on a self-contained incident or series of linked incidents, with the intent of evoking a \"single effect\" or mood.\nA dictionary definition is \"an invented prose narrative shorter than a novel usually dealing with a few characters and aiming at unity of effect and often concentrating on the creation of mood rather than plot.\"The short story is a crafted form in its own right. Short stories make use of plot, resonance, and other dynamic components as in a novel, but typically to a lesser degree. While the short story is largely distinct from the novel or novella (a shorter novel), authors generally draw from a common pool of literary techniques.\nShort story writers may define their works as part of the artistic and personal expression of the form. They may also attempt to resist categorization by genre and fixed formation.\nShort stories have deep roots and the power of short fiction has been recognised in modern society for hundreds of years. The short form is, conceivably, more natural to us than longer forms. We are drawn to short stories as the well-told story, and as William Boyd, the award-winning British author and short story writer has said:\n\n[short stories] seem to answer something very deep in our nature as if, for the duration of its telling, something special has been created, some essence of our experience extrapolated, some temporary sense has been made of our common, turbulent journey towards the grave and oblivion.\nIn terms of length, word count is typically anywhere from 1,000 to 4,000 for short stories, however some have 20,000 words and are still classed as short stories. Stories of fewer than 1,000 words are sometimes referred to as \"short short stories\", or \"flash fiction\".", "Q70605": "Vermin Love Supreme (born June 3, 1961) is an American performance artist and activist who has run as a candidate in various local, state, and national elections in the United States. Supreme is known for wearing a boot as a hat and carrying a large toothbrush, and has said that if elected President of the United States, he will pass a law requiring people to brush their teeth. He has campaigned on a platform of zombie apocalypse awareness and time travel research, and promised a free pony for every American.In 2011, he participated in the Occupy Boston protests.\nHe is the subject of the 2014 documentary, Who Is Vermin Supreme? An Outsider Odyssey, which follows his 2012 campaign and explores his life as an activist and political prankster.", "Q304878": "The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent agency of the United States government that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. Its medical counterpart is the National Institutes of Health. With an annual budget of about US$7.8 billion (fiscal year 2018), the NSF funds approximately 24% of all federally supported basic research conducted by the United States' colleges and universities. In some fields, such as mathematics, computer science, economics, and the social sciences, the NSF is the major source of federal backing.\nThe NSF's director and deputy director are appointed by the President of the United States, and confirmed by the United States Senate, whereas the 24 presidentially appointed members of the National Science Board (NSB) do not require Senate confirmation. The director and deputy director are responsible for administration, planning, budgeting and day-to-day operations of the foundation, while the NSB meets six times a year to establish its overall policies. The current NSF director, confirmed in March 2014, is astronomer France A. C\u00f3rdova, former president of Purdue University.", "Q103163": "Abbot (From the Aramaic Abba meaning \"father\") is an ecclesiastical title given to the male head of a monastery in various western religious traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not the head of a monastery. The female equivalent is abbess.", "Q719360": "Alexander Langer (22 February 1946 \u2013 3 July 1995) was an Italian journalist, peace activist, politician, translator, and teacher.", "Q92858": "Daniel Mark Lewin (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05e0\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc \"\u05d3\u05e0\u05d9\" \u05de\u05d0\u05e8\u05e7 \u05dc\u05d5\u05d9\u05df\u200e; May 14, 1970 \u2013 September 11, 2001), sometimes spelled Levin, was an American\u2013Israeli mathematician and entrepreneur who co-founded internet company Akamai Technologies. A passenger onboard American Airlines Flight 11, it is believed that Lewin was stabbed by one of the hijackers of that flight, and was the first person murdered during the course of the attacks.\n\n", "Q78259": "Henning von Berg (born 10 June 1961) is a former German civil engineer who became a portrait photographer. His specialty is character portraits and fine art nudes.\n\n", "Q236606": "Naomi Klein (born May 8, 1970) is a Canadian author, social activist, and filmmaker known for her political analyses and criticism of corporate globalization and of capitalism. On a three-year appointment from September 2018, she is the Gloria Steinem Chair in Media, Culture, and Feminist Studies at Rutgers University.Klein first became known internationally for her book No Logo (1999); The Take (2004), a documentary film about Argentina's occupied factories, written by her, and directed by her husband Avi Lewis; and significantly for The Shock Doctrine (2007), a critical analysis of the history of neoliberal economics that was adapted into a six-minute companion film by Alfonso and Jon\u00e1s Cuar\u00f3n, as well as a feature-length documentary by Michael Winterbottom.Klein's This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate (2014) was a New York Times Best Seller list non-fiction bestseller and the winner of the Hilary Weston Writers' Trust Prize for Nonfiction in its year. In 2016, Klein was awarded the Sydney Peace Prize for her activism on climate justice. Klein frequently appears on global and national lists of top influential thinkers, including the 2014 Thought Leaders ranking compiled by the Gottlieb Duttweiler Institute, Prospect magazine's world thinkers 2014 poll, and Maclean's 2014 Power List. She is a member of the board of directors of the climate activist group 350.org.", "Q1330714": "Elisha Vanslyck Cook Jr. (December 26, 1903 \u2013 May 18, 1995) was an American stage, film and television character actor who often specialized in roles as \"cowardly villains and neurotics\". He is perhaps best remembered for his portrayal of Wilmer in the 1941 version of The Maltese Falcon and the futile efforts made by his character to intimidate Sam Spade (Humphrey Bogart) in the film. Cook's acting career spanned more than 60 years, with roles in productions including The Big Sleep, Shane, The Killing, House on Haunted Hill, and Rosemary's Baby.", "Q110679": "Kaspar Deutschenbaur was the mayor of Augsburg, Germany, between 1919 and 1929. He was a member of the Bavarian People's Party.", "Q80284": "The viola ( vee-OH-l\u0259, also UK: vy-OH-l\u0259, Italian: [\u02c8vj\u0254\u02d0la, vi\u02c8\u0254\u02d0la]) is a string instrument that is bowed or played with varying techniques. It is slightly larger than a violin and has a lower and deeper sound. Since the 18th century, it has been the middle or alto voice of the violin family, between the violin (which is tuned a perfect fifth above) and the cello (which is tuned an octave below). The strings from low to high are typically tuned to C3, G3, D4, and A4.\nIn the past, the viola varied in size and style, as did its names. The word viola originates from the Italian language. The Italians often used the term: viola da braccio meaning literally: 'of the arm'. \"Brazzo\" was another Italian word for the viola, which the Germans adopted as Bratsche. The French had their own names: cinquiesme was a small viola, haute contre was a large viola, and taile was a tenor. Today, the French use the term alto, a reference to its range.\nThe viola was popular in the heyday of five-part harmony, up until the eighteenth century, taking three lines of the harmony and occasionally playing the melody line. Music for the viola differs from most other instruments in that it primarily uses the alto clef. When viola music has substantial sections in a higher register, it switches to the treble clef to make it easier to read.\nThe viola often plays the \"inner voices\" in string quartets and symphonic writing, and it is more likely than the first violin to play accompaniment parts. The viola occasionally plays a major, soloistic role in orchestral music. Examples include the symphonic poem, \"Don Quixote\", by Richard Strauss, and the symphony, \"Harold en Italie\", by Hector Berlioz. In the earlier part of the 20th century, more composers began to write for the viola, encouraged by the emergence of specialized soloists such as Lionel Tertis and William Primrose. English composers Arthur Bliss, York Bowen, Benjamin Dale, Frank Bridge, Benjamin Britten, Rebecca Clarke and Ralph Vaughan Williams all wrote substantial chamber and concert works. Many of these pieces were commissioned by, or written for Lionel Tertis. William Walton, Bohuslav Martin\u016f, Toru Takemitsu, Tibor Serly, Alfred Schnittke, and B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k have written well-known viola concertos. Paul Hindemith, who was a violist, wrote a substantial amount of music for viola, including the concerto, \"Der Schwanendreher\". The concerti by B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k, Paul Hindemith, Carl Stamitz, Georg Philipp Telemann, and William Walton are considered major works of the viola repertoire.", "Q427550": "Amy Spanger (born August 24, 1971) is an American actress, singer and dancer.\n\n", "Q1549932": "The University of Punjab (Urdu: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u06c1 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u200e), also referred to as Punjab University, is a public research university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Punjab University is the oldest public university in Pakistan. With multiple campuses in Gujranwala, Jhelum, and Khanspur, the university was formally established by the British Government after convening the first meeting for establishing higher education institutions in October 1882 at Simla. Punjab University was the fourth university to be established by the British colonial authorities in the Indian subcontinent; the first three universities were established in other parts of British India. There are 45,678 Students (27,907 Morning Students, 16,552 Evening Students and 1,219 Diploma Students) who attend the university, and Punjab University has a total of 13 faculties within which there are 83 academic departments, research centers, and institutes. Punjab University has ranked first among large-sized multiple faculty universities by the HEC in 2012. There are also two Nobel Laureates among the university's alumni and former staff. Additionally, the university is also a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities of the United Kingdom. In the recently issued rankings of Asian universities by QS World Universities Rankings, Punjab University jumped from the 232nd to 193rd position, improving its position by 39 places. Punjab University also ranks 251-300 in the subject of Agriculture and Forestry, 501-550 in the subject of Physics & Astronomy and 501-550 in the subject of Chemistry according to QS World University Rankings by Subject 2019.", "Q97920": "Karl August Joseph Maria, Count of Donat Seinsheim (17 February 1784 in Munich \u2013 26 November 1864 in Munich) was the Bavarian Finance Minister and President of the Bavarian Chamber of Deputies (German: Pr\u00e4sident der Bayerischen Abgeordnetenkammer).", "Q91389": "Mark Welser (1558\u20131614) was a German banker, politician, and astronomer, who engaged in learned correspondence with European intellectuals of his time. Of particular note is his exchange with Galileo Galilei, regarding sunspots.", "Q116208": "Armin Mohler (12 April 1920 \u2013 4 July 2003) was a Swiss-born far right political writer and philosopher, known for his works on the Conservative Revolution and associated with the Neue Rechte movement.", "Q482846": "Ana Isabel Acevedo Avil\u00e9s is a Puerto Rican singer, actress, dancer and entrepreneur. In December 2007, she released her first album, Por El Amor and in 2009, she won Univision's Viva el Sue\u00f1o.", "Q111567": "Hermann Stehr (16 February 1864 \u2013 11 September 1940) was a German novelist, dramatist and poet. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times.\n\n", "Q1241847": "The Judicate of Arborea (Sardinian: Judicadu de Arbaree or Rennu de Arbaree, Italian: Giudicato di Arborea) was one of the four independent judicates into which the island of Sardinia was divided in the Middle Ages. It occupied the central-west portion of the island, wedged between Logudoro to the north and east, Cagliari to the south and east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. To the north east and beyond Logudoro was located Gallura, with which Arborea had far less interaction. Arborea outlasted her neighbours, surviving well into the 15th century. The earliest known judicial seat was Tharros. Kingdom of Arborea at the times of its maximum expansion occupied the whole island's territory, except the cities of Alghero and Cagliari.", "Q96380": "Michael Succow (born 21 April 1941 in L\u00fcdersdorf near Bad Freienwalde) is a German biologist and ecologist. His numerous publications are mostly devoted to the ecology of moorlands and his typology of moorlands is today used as a standard classifications strategy for moorlands.\nIn 1997, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for his work, particularly his efforts to create nature reserves in Germany, Eastern Europe and Asia. In 2015, Succow was awarded the honorary German Environmental Award of the German Federal Environmental Foundation, Europe's highest endowed environmental prize.\n\n", "Q62567": "The Kingdom of Iceland (Icelandic: Konungsr\u00edki\u00f0 \u00cdsland; Danish: Kongeriget Island) was a sovereign and independent country with a constitutional and hereditary monarchy that was established by the Act of Union with Denmark signed on 1 December 1918. It lasted until 17 June 1944 when a national referendum established the Republic of Iceland in its place.Under a personal union, due to the Act of Union, the monarch was simultaneously monarch of Denmark. The Parliament of Iceland asked that Denmark represent Iceland internationally, and day-to-day matters were delegated to a Danish plenipotentiary for Icelandic affairs based in Reykjav\u00edk, and \u2013 after the German invasion of Denmark in 1940 \u2013 a regent was appointed.", "Q90929": "Benjamin Heisenberg (born 9 June 1974) is a German film director and screenwriter. He has directed sixteen films since 1995. His film Schl\u00e4fer was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival. His 2010 film, The Robber, was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival. He is also the grandson of Nobel Prize winning physicist Werner Heisenberg via father Martin Heisenberg. He is co-editor and co-publisher of the German film magazine Revolver.", "Q193570": "Sunset Boulevard (stylized onscreen as SUNSET BLVD.) is a 1950 American film noir directed and co-written by Billy Wilder, and produced and co-written by Charles Brackett. It was named after the thoroughfare with the same name that runs through Los Angeles and Beverly Hills, California.\nThe film stars William Holden as Joe Gillis, a struggling screenwriter, and Gloria Swanson as Norma Desmond, a former silent-film star who draws him into her demented fantasy world, where she dreams of making a triumphant return to the screen. Erich von Stroheim plays Max von Mayerling, her devoted butler, and Nancy Olson, Jack Webb, Lloyd Gough, and Fred Clark appear in supporting roles. Director Cecil B. DeMille and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper play themselves, and the film includes cameo appearances by leading silent-film actors Buster Keaton, H. B. Warner, and Anna Q. Nilsson.\nPraised by many critics when first released, Sunset Boulevard was nominated for 11 Academy Awards (including nominations in all four acting categories) and won three. It is currently ranked among the greatest movies ever made. Deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the U.S. Library of Congress in 1989, Sunset Boulevard was included in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. In 1998, it was ranked number 12 on the American Film Institute's list of the 100 best American films of the 20th century, and in 2007, it was 16th on their 10th Anniversary list.", "Q1507485": "Sonelius Larel Smith (born December 17, 1942, Hillhouse, Mississippi) is an American jazz pianist and composer.His family moved to Memphis in 1948, where he learned to play piano. He got a degree in music education at Arkansas Agricultural, Mechanical, and Normal College in Pine Bluff, Arkansas in 1969. While a student there, he played in a small ensemble for three years and worked with John Stubblefield.\nSmith moved to New York City in 1969 and began playing with Kenny Dorham, Roy Brooks, Charles Mingus, Roland Kirk, Robin Kenyatta, Rashied Ali, Warren Smith, Frank Foster, Harold Vick, Donald Byrd, Elvin Jones, Archie Shepp, Freddie Hubbard, Art Blakey, and Lionel Hampton, among others. He joined Stanley Cowell's ensemble around 1973 and also worked with Shamek Farrah and Flight to Sanity in the mid-1970s.\nIn 1974, he was musical director for Nancy Fales' Ark, directed by Ralph Lee at La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club in the East Village of Manhattan.Toward the end of the 1970s, he played with J.R. Mitchell, Kalaparusha Maurice McIntyre, Warren Smith, and Wilber Morris. In the 1980s, he worked with Andrew Cyrille and David Murray. He also worked as an educator for the New Muse Community Museum (1973-1986) and The Harlem School of the Arts (1990s). He has also taught at the Third Street Music School Settlement.\n\n", "Q72774": "Franz Josef Huber (22 January 1902 \u2013 30 January 1975) was an SS functionary who was a police and security service official in both the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. Huber joined the Nazi Party in 1937 and worked closely with Gestapo chief Heinrich M\u00fcller. After the annexation of Austria in 1938, Huber was posted to Vienna, where he was appointed chief of the Security Police (SiPo) and Gestapo for Vienna, the \"Lower Danube\" and \"Upper Danube\" regions. He was responsible for mass deportations of Jews from the area. After the war ended, Huber never served any prison time and died in Munich in 1975.", "Q1965845": "Ernst Gideon Jansz (born May 24, 1948 in Amsterdam) is one of the founding members and frontmen of Doe Maar. Doe Maar is a Dutch 1980s ska/reggae band, and is considered one of the most successful bands in Dutch pop history.\nHis father, born in Semarang on Java, is an Indo (Dutch-Indonesian), who went to the Netherlands in 1932 after finishing his study at the Batavia HBS to continue his higher education there. Once Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands his father was involved in the Dutch resistance movement, until he was captured and interned in a German concentration camp. After the war he became one of the few Indo advocates for an independent Indonesia. In his view the principle of liberty and independence applied to both situations: Dutch independence from Nazi Germany and Indonesian independence from the colonial Netherlands.Much of the literary work of the author Jansz is based on his Indo identity and his fathers' heritage.\nIn 1997 Jansz married actress Jaloe Maat, the mother of his two youngest children. He has a (step)daughter from a previous marriage. He lives with his family in Neerkant, the Netherlands.", "Q185312": "Giovanni Battista Draghi (Italian: [d\u0292o\u02c8vanni bat\u02c8tista \u02c8dra\u02d0\u0261i]; 4 January 1710 \u2013 16 or 17 March 1736), often referred to as Giovanni Battista Pergolesi (Italian: [per\u0261o\u02c8le\u02d0zi; -e\u02d0si]), was an Italian composer, violinist and organist. His best-known works include his Stabat Mater and the opera La serva padrona (The Maid Turned Mistress). His compositions include operas and sacred music. He died of tuberculosis at the age of 26.", "Q166089": "Abraham Lincoln, also released under the title D. W. Griffith's \"Abraham Lincoln\", is a 1930 pre-Code American biographical film about Abraham Lincoln directed by D. W. Griffith. It stars Walter Huston as Lincoln and Una Merkel, in her second speaking role, as Ann Rutledge. Her first speaking role was in a short film, Love's Old Sweet Song (1923) filmed in the Phonofilm sound-on-film process. The script was co-written by Stephen Vincent Ben\u00e9t, author of the Civil War prose poem John Brown's Body, and Gerrit Lloyd. This was the first of only two sound films made by Griffith.\nThe film entered the public domain in 1958 when the initial copyright expired. The copyright holders did not elect to extend it for a second 28 year term.", "Q3701621": "Michael Levy (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d5\u05d9, born 21 June 1951) is an Israeli politician who currently serves as a member of the Knesset for Yesh Atid. He served as Deputy Minister of Finance between 2013 and 2014. Before entering politics, he was a police officer.", "Q4834218": "Barbara Elaine Smith (August 24, 1949 \u2013 February 22, 2020), professionally known as B. Smith, was an American restaurateur, model, author, businesswoman and television host.", "Q11589": "Jeanne Ferrante is a computer scientist active in the field of compiler technology, where she has made important contributions regarding optimization and parallelization. Jeanne Ferrante is Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at University of California, San Diego. She received her B.A. from New College at Hofstra University in 1969, and her Ph.D. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974. Prior to joining UC San Diego in 1994, she taught at Tufts University from 1974 until 1978, where she worked on computational complexity problems such as the theory of rational order and first order theory of real addition. In 1978, she worked as a research staff at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center until 1994.\nDr. Ferrante's work has included the development of intermediate representations for optimizing and parallelizing compilers, most notably the Program Dependence Graph and Static Single Assignment (SSA) form. She is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Her SSA work (with colleagues from IBM) was recognized in 2006 by the ACM Programming Language Achievement Award as a \"significant and lasting contribution to the field.\"\nAs Associate Dean, she co-founded UCSD Teams In Engineering Service (now Global TIES), which partners multidisciplinary teams of undergraduates with non-profit organizations to provide long-term technical solutions. Dr. Ferrante also co-founded the UCSD Women's Leadership Alliance, whose aim is to advance leadership development, networking, and recognition of women campus leaders at UC San Diego. She was honored as a UCSD Community Champion for Diversity in 2004 and 2012, and received the 2007 Athena Educator Pinnacle Award for her diversity leadership efforts.\nShe is currently a professor at the University of California, San Diego, where she has also held the positions of Associate Vice Chancellor for Faculty Equity, and Associate Dean of the Jacobs School of Engineering. She is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (1996) and the IEEE (2005).", "Q4933205": "Robert Waldorf Loveless (January 2, 1929 \u2013 September 2, 2010), a.k.a. Bob Loveless or RW Loveless, was an American knife maker who designed and popularized the hollowground drop point blade and the use of full tapered tangs and screw-type handle scale fasteners within the art of knifemaking. He is cited by other knifemakers and collectors as one of the most innovative custom knife makers in the world.", "Q103605": "Katharina Schubert (born November 26, 1963) is a German television actress. She was born in Wiesbaden.", "Q95851": "Helene Weber (born 17 March 1881 in Elberfeld (now Wuppertal), Rhine Province, died 25 July 1962 in Bonn) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (\"CDU\"). She had an instrumental role in founding modern German law.", "Q322667": "Lloyd Viel Berkner (February 1, 1905 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin \u2013 June 4, 1967 in Washington, D.C.) was an American physicist and engineer. He was one of the inventors of the measuring device that since has become standard at ionospheric stations because it measures the height and electron density of the ionosphere. The data obtained in the worldwide net of such instruments were important for the developing theory of short wave radio propagation to which Berkner himself gave important contributions.\nLater he investigated the development of the Earth's atmosphere. Since he needed data from the whole world, he proposed the International Geophysical Year in 1950. At that time, the IGY was the largest cooperative study of the Earth ever undertaken.\nBerkner was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1956. The IGY was carried out by the International Council of Scientific Unions while he was president in 1957\u201359. He was also a member of the President's Scientific Advisory Committee in 1958 while he was president of Associated Universities Inc.\nIn 1963, Berkner, with L.C. Marshall, advanced a theory to describe the way in which the atmospheres of the solar system's inner planets had evolved.\nBeginning in 1926, as a naval officer, Berkner assisted in the development of radar and navigation systems, naval aircraft electronics engineering, and studies that led to the construction of the Distant Early Warning system, a chain of radar stations designed to give the United States advance warning in the event of a missile attack across the North Pole.Berkner worked with Dallas community leaders to establish the Graduate Research Center of the Southwest (later renamed the Southwest Center for Advanced Studies, which would eventually become The University of Texas at Dallas).He wrote more than 100 papers and several books, including Rockets and Satellites (1958), Science in Space (1961), and The Scientific Age (1964).\nIn 1961, Berkner was president of the Institute of Radio Engineers.", "Q69432": "Quirinus Kuhlmann (February 25, 1651 \u2013 October 4, 1689) was a German Baroque poet and mystic. Kuhlmann insisted upon the importance of the events of his life as confirmation of his divine mission.Known for his travels throughout Europe, Kuhlmann spent the last years of his life in Russia, where he was executed because he was considered theologically and politically dangerous.", "Q372050": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Boursault called Boursault-Malherbe, (19 January 1750, Paris \u2013 25 April 1842, Paris) was an 18th\u201319th-century French actor, playwright, theatre director, businessman and revolutionary.", "Q3900": "Troisdorf (German pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0281o\u02d0sd\u0254\u0250\u032ff] is a town in the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis (district), in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.", "Q5488455": "Frank Mills (January 26, 1891 \u2013 August 18, 1973) was an American character actor who made over 300 television and film appearances between 1928 and 1961.", "Q76512": "Franz von Baader (27 March 1765 \u2013 23 May 1841), born Benedikt Franz Xaver Baader, was a German Catholic philosopher, theologian, physician and mining engineer. Resisting the empiricism of his day, he denounced most Western philosophy since Descartes as trending into atheism and has been considered a revival of the Scholastic school. He was one of the most influential theologians of his age but his influence on subsequent philosophy has been less marked. Today he is thought to have re-introduced theological engagement with Meister Eckhart into academia and even Christianity and Theosophy more generally.", "Q332460": "James Keir Hardie (15 August 1856 \u2013 26 September 1915) was a Scottish trade unionist and politician. He was a founder of the Labour Party, and served as its first parliamentary leader from 1906 to 1908.\nHardie was born in Newhouse, Lanarkshire. He started working at the age of seven, and from the age of 10 worked in the Lanarkshire coal mines. With a background in preaching, he became known as a talented public speaker and was chosen as a spokesman for his fellow miners. In 1879, Hardie was elected leader of a miners' union in Hamilton and organised a National Conference of Miners in Dunfermline. He subsequently led miners' strikes in Lanarkshire (1880) and Ayrshire (1881). He turned to journalism to make ends meet, and from 1886 was a full-time union organiser as secretary of the Ayrshire Miners' Union.\nHardie initially supported William Gladstone's Liberal Party, but later concluded that the working class needed its own party. He first stood for parliament in 1888 as an independent, and later that year helped form the Scottish Labour Party. Hardie won the English seat of West Ham South as an independent candidate in 1892, and helped to form the Independent Labour Party (ILP) the following year. He lost his seat in 1895, but was re-elected to parliament in 1900 for Merthyr Tydfil in South Wales. In the same year he helped to form the union-based Labour Representation Committee, which was later renamed the Labour Party.\nAfter the 1906 election, Hardie was chosen as the Labour Party's first parliamentary leader. He resigned in 1908 in favour of Arthur Henderson, and spent his remaining years campaigning for specific causes, such as women's suffrage, self-rule for India, and opposition to World War I. He died in 1915 while attempting to organise a pacifist general strike. Hardie is seen as a key figure in the history of the Labour Party and has been the subject of multiple biographies. Kenneth O. Morgan has called him \"Labour's greatest pioneer and its greatest hero\".\n\n", "Q343299": "Francisco Rabal Valera (8 March 1926 \u2013 29 August 2001), better known as Paco Rabal, was a Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter born in \u00c1guilas, a town in the south-western part of the province of Murcia, Spain. Throughout his career, Rabal appeared in around 200 films working with directors including Francesc Rovira-Beleta, Luis Bu\u00f1uel, Jos\u00e9 Luis S\u00e1enz de Heredia, Carlos Saura, Pedro Almod\u00f3var, William Friedkin, Michelangelo Antonioni, Claude Chabrol, Luchino Visconti, and Gillo Pontecorvo. Paco Rabal was recognized both in his native Spain and internationally, winning the Award for Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival for Los Santos Inocentes and a Goya Award for Best Actor for playing Francisco de Goya in Carlos Saura's Goya en Burdeos. One of Spain's most loved actors, Rabal also was known for his commitment to human rights and other social causes.", "Q155457": "Eduard Freiherr von B\u00f6hm-Ermolli (12 February 1856 \u2013 9 December 1941) was an Austrian general during World War I who rose to the rank of field marshal in the Austro-Hungarian Army. He was the head of the Second Army and fought mainly on the front of Galicia during the entire conflict. On 30 October 1940, B\u00f6hm-Ermolli was made a German Generalfeldmarschall.", "Q2331628": "The Art Newspaper is a monthly print publication, with daily updates online, founded in 1990 and based in London and New York City. It is published by Umberto Allemandi & Co. Publishing Ltd and is based on an original concept by the Turin publisher, Umberto Allemandi, who founded the first monthly newspaper, Il Giornale dell'Arte, in 1983. The concept is to cover news of the visual arts as they are affected by international politics and economics, developments in law, tax, the art market, the environment and official cultural policy. The publication is fed by a network of sister editions, with around fifty correspondents in over thirty countries. In addition to London and New York City, the network has editorial offices in Turin, Paris, Moscow, Beijing and Tel-Aviv.\nThe Art Newspaper produces daily papers during the major art fairs, such as Art Basel and Frieze, and weekly podcasts on topical subjects. It is a campaigning newspaper, which has reported regularly on the trade in illicitly excavated antiquities, on damage to the heritage in warfare, and the maladministration and corruption that prevents Venice being protected from sea level rise, excessive tourism and the cruise ships.\nAnna Somers Cocks OBE founded The Art Newspaper for Umberto Allemandi's publishing house in 1990. It was edited by Laura Suffield 1992-94, then by Somers Cocks again until 2002. She was succeeded by Cristina Ruiz 2002\u20132004, Jane Morris 2004\u20132016, then Javier Pes 2016\u201317. Alison Cole is the current editor. Inna Bazhenova, a mathematician, engineer, collector, and the publisher of the Russian edition of the paper, bought The Art Newspaper, with the French, Russian and Chinese editions in 2014.\nReviewers and commentators for the paper include: former Tate director Nicholas Serota, Performa founder-director RoseLee Goldberg; former Pompidou Centre director Jean-Hubert Martin; archaeologist Colin Renfrew; Venice Biennale curator Robert Storr, and artist Grayson Perry. The publication won the National Art Collections Fund prize in 1992.\n\n", "Q1812373": "Andrew Cowan (13 December 1936 \u2013 15 October 2019) was a Scottish rally driver, and the founder and senior director of Mitsubishi Ralliart until his retirement on 30 November 2005.\n\n", "Q229054": "Hilarie Burton Morgan (born July 1, 1982) is an American actress and producer. A former host of MTV's Total Request Live, she portrayed Peyton Sawyer on The WB/CW drama One Tree Hill for six seasons (2003\u20132009). Burton gained wider recognition with leading roles in the films Our Very Own, Solstice, and The List. She starred as Sara Ellis on the USA crime drama White Collar (2010\u20132013); and, in 2013, she had a recurring role as Dr. Lauren Boswell on the ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy. In 2014, she appeared in the short-lived ABC drama series Forever as Molly Dawes, and a recurring role in the short-lived CBS sci-fi drama series Extant as Anna Schaefer in 2015. From 2016 until 2017, Burton recurred as DEA Agent Karen Palmer on the Fox television series Lethal Weapon.", "Q68738": "Heinrich Ludwig Hermann M\u00fcller (23 September 1829 \u2013 25 August 1883) was a German botanist who provided important evidence for Darwin's theory of evolution.", "Q550900": "Conor Mullen Oberst (born February 15, 1980) is an American singer-songwriter best known for his work in Bright Eyes. He has also played in several other bands, including Desaparecidos, The Faint (previously named Norman Bailer), Commander Venus, Park Ave., Conor Oberst and the Mystic Valley Band, Monsters of Folk, and Better Oblivion Community Center. Oberst was named the Best Songwriter of 2008 by Rolling Stone magazine.", "Q95845": "Rainer Offergeld (born 26 December 1937) is a German politician. He was minister of Economic Cooperation from 1978 to 1982. Offergeld was mayor of L\u00f6rrach from 1984 to 1995.", "Q103611": "Brigitte Rau (31 December 1933 \u2013 24 September 1979) was a German actress.", "Q115073": "Andrea Rau (born 1947 in Stuttgart, Germany) is a German actress and producer who has appeared in several German films as well as appearing in the television series Derrick.Her most well-known film appearance was in the 1971 Belgian erotic vampire thriller Daughters of Darkness. She appeared on the cover of a large numbers of magazines such as Mayfair, Penthouse, Wochenend or Neue Revue between 1969 and 1978.", "Q1703883": "Jorge Mas Canosa (21 September 1939 \u2013 23 November 1997) was a Cuban-American immigrant who founded the Cuban American National Foundation and MasTec, a publicly traded company. Regarded within the United States as a powerful lobbyist on Cuban and anti-Castro political positions, he was labeled a \"counterrevolutionary\" by the Cuban Communist Party. He has received criticism for his relationship with Luis Posada Carriles.", "Q1336417": "Eric Breed (June 12, 1971 \u2013 November 22, 2008), better known as MC Breed, was an American rapper best known for his singles \"Ain't No Future in Yo Frontin\", which peaked at #66 on the Billboard Hot 100 and \"Gotta Get Mine\", featuring 2Pac, that made it to #6 on the Hot Rap Singles.", "Q69426": "Gadmen is a former municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nOn 1 January 2014, the former municipality of Gadmen merged into the municipality of Innertkirchen.The name Gadmen comes from the Old High German \"gadum,\" meaning barn or small house, and was first mentioned in 1382.\nThe municipality is in a municipal partnership with Volketswil in the Canton of Z\u00fcrich.", "Q435626": "Hou Hsiao-hsien (Chinese: \u4faf\u5b5d\u8ce2; born 8 April 1947) is a Taiwanese film director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He is a leading figure in world cinema and in Taiwan's New Wave cinema movement. He won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival in 1989 for his film A City of Sadness (1989), and the Best Director award at the Cannes Film Festival in 2015 for The Assassin (2015). Other highly regarded works of his include The Puppetmaster (1993) and Flowers of Shanghai (1998).Hou was voted \"Director of the Decade\" for the 1990s in a poll of American and international critics by The Village Voice and Film Comment. In a 1998 New York Film Festival worldwide critics' poll, Hou was named \"one of the three directors most crucial to the future of cinema.\" A City of Sadness ranked 117th in the British Film Institute's 2012 Sight & Sound critics' poll of the greatest films ever made.", "Q558384": "Th\u00e9ophile Ernest de Donder (French: [d\u0259 d\u0254\u0303d\u025b\u0281]; 19 August 1872 \u2013 11 May 1957) was a Belgian mathematician and physicist famous for his work (published in 1923) in developing correlations between the Newtonian concept of chemical affinity and the Gibbsian concept of free energy.", "Q15139453": "Norwegian Long Haul AS is a division of Norwegian Air Shuttle that operates long-haul flights between Europe, Asia, and the United States with an all-Boeing 787 Dreamliner fleet. Norwegian Long Haul is registered in Dublin, Ireland, and is managed by parent company Norwegian Air Shuttle from its head office at Fornebu, Norway. Its capacity is used to operate some of the Norwegian Group's long-haul flights, using Norwegian Air Shuttle's associated airline codes.", "Q2919004": "Alex Fort Brescia is a Peruvian businessman. He is the co-chairman of Grupo Breca, a family conglomerate, and BBVA Continental, a Peruvian bank.", "Q105260": "David Schirmer (29 May 1623 \u2013 1686) was a German lyric poet and librarian, who also used the pseudonyms Der Bestimmende, Der Beschirmende and DiSander. He is considered one of the most gifted lyric poets of the Baroque era.\nSchirmer was born in Pappendorf into a family of evangelical pastors that already had a literary tradition. Initially educated by his father, in 1640 he studied under Christian Gueintz at the Gymnasium in Halle. In 1641 he enrolled as a student at Leipzig, and from 1645 studied under August Buchner in Wittenberg. In 1647 Philipp von Zesen admitted him into his literary society, the Deutschgesinnte Genossenschaft. From 1649 Schirmer worked as Hofdichter (court poet) at Dresden, and in 1650 his first collection of poetry was published.\nSchirmer obtained musical settings for 68 of his poems from the Dresden court musician Philipp Stolle, and these were published in 1654 as the songbook Singende Rosen Oder Liebes-und Tugend-Lieder. Stolle's settings were for soprano, theorbo or viola da gamba, and basso continuo. Schirmer later included 51 of the songs from Singende Rosen in his 1657 collection Poetische Rosen-Gep\u00fcsche. The latter, a two-part collection of 800 pages, showed him at the height of his poetic creativity. His great skill in lyric love poetry and Lied (German song) verse owed something to the influences of Martin Opitz and Paul Fleming. A later volume, Poetische Rauten-Gep\u00fcsche (1663), provided 700 pages of the kind of occasional poetry and courtly diversions that his position as court poet demanded of him.\nIn 1655 he was appointed as Hofbibliothekar (court librarian), succeeding Christian Brehme. After nearly 30 years of activity, in 1683 he retired due to illness, and died three years later in Dresden. He was buried on 12 August 1686.", "Q84948": "Volker Prechtel (9 August 1941 \u2013 7 August 1997) was a German actor. He appeared in 52 films and television shows between 1974 and 1997.", "Q106769": "Annemarie Bostroem (24 May 1922 \u2013 9 September 2015) was a German poet, playwright, and lyricist. She lived most recently in the Prenzlauer Berg neighborhood of Berlin.", "Q1465200": "Peaceville Records is a British independent heavy metal record label. The label was founded by Paul \"Hammy\" Halmshaw (of the bands Instigators and Civilised Society) in Dewsbury, England in 1987, who was also a one-time drummer of Sore Throat. Originally a tape label releasing anarcho punk, the releases moved towards metal through crust punk and similar forms of metal-influenced English hardcore punk. Halmshaw started running the label full-time in 1988, although the original tape label incarnation was founded in 1981 as a vehicle for releasing Instigators demo cassettes.\nThe label is therefore known for the connection between doom metal and the 1980s English crust punk scene. Sister labels 'Deaf' and 'Dreamtime' concentrated more on thrash metal (Deaf) and psychedelic electronica (Dreamtime).\nHowever, the bands Autopsy, Darkthrone, My Dying Bride, Anathema, Opeth, Katatonia and Paradise Lost - known as the 'Peaceville Stable' - have been the label's most recognizable traits since the 1990s. Peaceville also became known for its anti-major label stance and left wing political outlook.\nIn November 2006, after 25 years at the helm, Halmshaw announced that he and co-manager Lisa Halmshaw would be leaving the label to concentrate on new projects, and that his former assistant, Paul Groundwell, would be taking over general management duties, following the sale of the label to back catalogue specialists Snapper Music, who had distributed Peaceville since 2001.", "Q320064": "Crush is a 2001 film written and directed by John McKay and starring Andie MacDowell, Imelda Staunton, Anna Chancellor, Kenny Doughty, and Bill Paterson.", "Q101006": "Friedrich Eduard Bilz (June 12, 1842 \u2013 January 30, 1922) was a German naturopath who was a native of Arnsdorf in the Kingdom of Saxony. \nAs a merchant of a Kolonialwarenladen (shop offering non-European goods) in Meerane, Bilz became interested in naturopathic medicine. In 1888 he published Das Neue Naturheilverfahren (The New Natural Healing), a book that became very popular and was translated into twelve languages.\nIn 1895 Bilz founded a health spa at Radebeul that was soon expanded into a large sanitarium. In the early part of the 20th century, he constructed a Licht-Luft Bad (a large outdoor swimming pool) at the sanitarium (the \"Bilzbad\"). In 1911 he displayed a Wellenmaschine (wave machine) at the International Hygiene Exhibition in Dresden. It was installed at Bilzbad during the following year.\nIn 1902, Bilz created a soft-drink named Bilz-Brause, a beverage consisting of mineral water and citrus juice that was served to patients at the sanitarium. After forming a partnership with local industrialist Franz Hartmann, the name was changed to Sinalco, and the drink was marketed worldwide.", "Q3645705": "Bruno Corazzari (born 30 December 1940) is an Italian film, television and stage actor.", "Q117664": "Mariella Mehr (born 27 December 1947 in Z\u00fcrich) is a Swiss writer.\nMariella Mehr was born a member of the nomadic Yeniche people. She was a victim of the Hilfswerk f\u00fcr die Kinder der Landstrasse (loosely translated, \"Relief Organisation for Rural Street Children\"), which separated Yeniche children from their parents. Mehr was moved between 16 orphanages and three reformatories as a child. She was committed to a mental institution four times and spent nineteen months in a women's prison.\nMehr published her first work in 1975, and her first novel, Steinzeit, in 1981. She champions the causes of outsiders and oppressed minorities. Her work was recognized in 1998 with an honorary doctorate from the University of Basel.\nIn 2000, she resigned from the authors' club Gruppe Olten, because the group struck from its mission statement the goal of realising a \"democratic socialist society\".\nMariella Mehr currently lives in Tuscany.", "Q119891": "Ludwig Fahrenkrog (20 October 1867 \u2013 27 October 1952) was a German writer, playwright and artist. He was born in Rendsburg, Prussia, in 1867. He started his career as an artist in his youth, and attended the Berlin Royal Art Academy before being appointed a professor in 1913. He taught at the School of Arts and Crafts in Bremen from 1898 to 1931. He was also involved in the founding of a series of modern Pagan religious groups in the early 20th century, as part of a movement to create what its adherents referred to as a \"Germanic religious community\".", "Q722484": "Nikos Vertis (born Nikolaos Vertis Arvanitidis; Greek: \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2; August 21, 1976) is a popular Greek singer. He was born in Gorinchem, Netherlands and his origin is from Galipsos, Kavala. To date, he has released five studio albums along with one CD single, and two special edition CD/DVD albums.\n\n", "Q12094": "The canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden (German: [\u02c8ap\u0259n\u02ccts\u025bl \u02c8\u026an\u0259r\u02ccro\u02d0d\u0259n] (listen); in English sometimes Appenzell Inner-Rhodes) is the smallest canton of Switzerland by population and the second smallest by area, with canton of Basel-City being the smallest. It was the last Swiss canton to grant women the right to vote on local issues, in 1991.", "Q326415": "Jim Knipfel (pronounced Kah-nipfel; born June 2, 1965) is an American novelist, autobiographer, and journalist.\nA native of Wisconsin, Knipfel, who suffers from retinitis pigmentosa, is the author of a series of critically acclaimed memoirs, Slackjaw, Quitting the Nairobi Trio, and Ruining It for Everybody, as well as two novels, The Buzzing and Noogie's Time to Shine. He wrote news stories, film and music reviews, the crime blotter, and feature articles until June 13, 2006 for the weekly alternative newspaper New York Press, where he was the only staff writer.\nHe also wrote the long-running and popular \"Slackjaw\" column for the Press. The first edition of \"Slackjaw\" appeared on October 25, 1987 in the Welcomat, a Philadelphia weekly (now renamed the Philadelphia Weekly), where he also reviewed restaurants and art exhibits. \"Slackjaw\", a cynical, misanthropic look at daily life, has given Knipfel a small but loyal following of readers.", "Q3135913": "Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), formerly University of Pune and University of Poona, is a collegiate public state university located in Pune, Maharashtra. Established in 1949, and spread over a 411 acres (1.66 km2) campus, the university is home to 43 academic departments. The university is named after Savitribai Phule, a 19th-century Indian social reformer who is known for her contribution towards empowerment and emancipation of women through education. The university has affiliated colleges, departments, and research institutes, which are primarily in Pune, Ahmednagar and Nashik Districts.\nIn 2018, the University of Pune was ranked 7th among universities in India by the Times Higher Education.", "Q128494": "Lyubov Isaakovna Axelrod (born Esther Axelrod; Russian: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044c (\u042d\u043c\u0442\u0435\u0440) \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0430\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0434, penname Orthodox Russian: \u041e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0301\u043a\u0441; 1868\u20131946) was a Russian revolutionary, Marxist philosopher and an art theoretician.\nAxelrod was born in the family of a rabbi in Vilenkovichi, a village in the Vilna gubernia of the Russian Empire, now in Pastavy Raion, Belarus. She became involved with the narodnik organization at age 16. She emigrated to Switzerland in 1887, with the assistance of Leo Jogiches (lover of Rosa Luxemburg when the Vitebsk organisation collapsed in the wake of an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Alexander III of Russia organised by Aleksandr Ulyanov, older brother of Vladimir Lenin. In 1900, she received her Ph.D. in philosophy from Bern University.", "Q1777864": "S\u00e9bastien Izambard (French: [sebastj\u025b\u0303 iz\u0251\u0303ba\u0281]; born 7 March 1973) is a French musician, singer, composer, and record producer. His vocal range is classified as popular melody or vox populi to a loud, so it has a tenor tessitura phonic.\nHe has been a member of the classical crossover group Il Divo since 2004, who has sold over 28 million copies worldwide discs.\nIn 2000 he launched the solo titled \"Libre\" pop album, reaching number No. 1 ranking with the single \"Si tu savais\" achieving excellent sales ranking in France, Canada and Belgium. Currently, Izambard writes, produces and composes for pop artists of international stature.He is an active member of the French organization AMTM, Assistance M\u00e9dicale Toit du Monde and global ambassador for the Sanfilippo Children's Foundation.", "Q86839": "Jurij A. Treguboff (1913\u20132000) was a Russian writer.\n\n Media related to Jurij A. Treguboff at Wikimedia Commons", "Q1865": "Kuala Lumpur (Malaysian pronunciation: [\u02c8kual\u0259, -a \u02c8lumpo(r), -\u028a(r)]), officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (Malay: Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur), (Jawi: \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0647 \u06a4\u0631\u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u06a4\u0648\u0631) (Chinese: \u5409\u9686\u5761\u806f\u90a6\u76f4\u8f44\u5340)) and commonly known as KL, is the national capital and largest city in Malaysia. As the global city of Malaysia, it covers an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia, in both population and economic development.\nKuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial and economic centre of Malaysia. It is also home to the Parliament of Malaysia and the official residence of the Malaysian King (Yang di-Pertuan Agong), the Istana Negara. The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, but these were relocated to Putrajaya in early 1999. However, some sections of the political bodies still remain in Kuala Lumpur.\nKuala Lumpur is one of the three federal territories of Malaysia, enclaved within the state of Selangor, on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Since the 1990s, the city has played host to many international sporting, political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 2017 Southeast Asian Games. Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world, the Petronas Towers, which have since become an iconic symbol of Malaysian development.\nKuala Lumpur has a comprehensive road system supported by an extensive range of public transport networks, such as Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Light Metro (LRT), monorail, commuter rail (KTM), public buses, hop on & hop off buses (free of charge) and an airport rail link (ERL). Kuala Lumpur is one of the leading cities in the world for tourism and shopping, being the 10th most-visited city in the world in 2017. The city houses three of the world's 10 largest shopping malls.Kuala Lumpur has been ranked by the Economist Intelligence Unit's Global Liveability Ranking at No. 70 in the world, and No. 2 in Southeast Asia after Singapore. Kuala Lumpur was named as one of the New7Wonders Cities, and has been named as World Book Capital 2020 by UNESCO.", "Q744067": "James Finlayson (29 August 1772? \u2013 1852?) was a Scottish Quaker who, in effect, brought the Industrial Revolution to Tampere, Finland.\nFinlayson was probably born 1772 in Glasgow and became a self-trained engineer. In 1817, he moved to St. Petersburg to found a textile factory with the backing of Tsar Alexander I of Russia.\nIn 1819 Finlayson visited the Grand Duchy of Finland, at the time under Russian rule. During his religious mission to sell bibles he visited Tampere. The next year Finlayson received permission from the Senate of Finland to build a factory in Tampere using water power from the Tammerkoski rapids. He moved to Tampere with his wife Margaret Finlayson.\nAt first Finlayson had to import machinists from England to train new workers. The first factory was completed 1823 with the aid of a state loan, with the stipulation that the technology employed could be freely inspected by the public to further civic technological advancement. Initially he manufactured machinery suitable for the textile industry but in 1828 switched from machine manufacture to cotton mills. He also founded an orphanage.", "Q1077395": "Chris Joris (born 30 November 1952, Mechelen) is a Belgian jazz percussionist, pianist and composer. He is the son of Jan Joris, an opera singer. Joris joined Aksak Maboul in 1977, appeared on their first album but left the group later that year. In the mid 1990s, he formed The Chris Joris Experience, a jazz band with Sam Versweyveld (trumpet), Bart Defoort (saxophone), Ernst Vranckx (piano) and Chris Mentens (acoustic bass). He won the 1998 Belgian Golden Django for best Flemish artist.", "Q1162954": "French pop music is pop music sung in the French language. It is usually performed by singers from France, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, or any of the other francophone areas of the world. The target audience is the francophone market (primarily France), which is considerably smaller than and largely independent from the mainstream anglophone market.", "Q203871": "Rush was a Canadian rock band consisting of Geddy Lee (bass, vocals, keyboards), Alex Lifeson (guitars), and Neil Peart (drums, percussion, lyricist). Formed in 1968, the band went through several configurations until arriving at its longest and classic line-up when Peart replaced original drummer John Rutsey in July 1974, two weeks before the group's first tour of the United States.\nRush is known for its musicianship, complex compositions, and eclectic lyrical motifs drawing heavily on science fiction, fantasy, and philosophy. The band's musical style has changed several times over the years, from a blues-inspired hard rock beginning, later moving into progressive rock, and including a period marked by heavy use of synthesizers. In the early 1990s, Rush returned to a guitar-driven hard rock sound, which continued for the rest of their career. Rush announced plans to cease large-scale touring at the end of 2015, following the conclusion of their R40 Live Tour. After nearly three years of an uncertain future, Lifeson reluctantly announced in January 2018 that the band was not going to continue. Peart died of brain cancer at the age of 67 on January 7, 2020.According to the RIAA, Rush ranks 88th with sales of 25 million units in the U.S. Although total worldwide album sales are not calculated by any single entity, several industry sources estimated Rush's total worldwide album sales at over 40 million units as of 2017. The group has been awarded 24 gold, 14 platinum, and 3 multi-platinum albums.Rush has been nominated for seven Grammy Awards, has won several Juno Awards, and won an International Achievement Award at the 2009 SOCAN Awards. The band was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1994 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2013. Over their careers, the members of Rush have been acknowledged as some of the most proficient players on their respective instruments, with each band member winning numerous awards in magazine readers' polls.", "Q310819": "John William Carson (October 23, 1925 \u2013 January 23, 2005) was an American television host, comedian, writer, and producer. He is best known as the host of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962\u20131992). Carson received six Emmy Awards, the Television Academy's 1980 Governor's Award, and a 1985 Peabody Award. He was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 1987. Carson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1992 and received a Kennedy Center Honor in 1993.During World War II, Carson served in the Navy. After the war, Carson started a career in radio. Although his show was already successful by the end of the 1960s, during the 1970s, Carson became an American icon and remained so even after his retirement in 1992. He adopted a casual, conversational approach with extensive interaction with guests, an approach pioneered by Arthur Godfrey and previous Tonight Show hosts Steve Allen and Jack Paar. Former late-night host and friend David Letterman has cited Carson's influence.", "Q117102": "Robert Christian Cramer (born 7 February 1954 in Amsterdam) is a Swiss politician and member of the Green Party of Switzerland. He was educated as a lawyer at the University of Geneva.\nFrom 1988 to 1990, he was head of the cantonal section Green party of Geneva. Cramer was a member of the municipal council of the city of Geneva from 1995 to 1997 and cantonal council of the Canton of Geneva from 1997 to 2005.\nCramer was elected as a representative of the Canton of Geneva in the Swiss Council of States in the 2007 elections.", "Q910761": "Morris Mac Davis (born January 21, 1942) is an American country music singer, songwriter, and actor, originally from Lubbock, Texas, United States, who has enjoyed much crossover success. His early work writing for Elvis Presley produced the hits \"Memories\", \"In the Ghetto\", \"Don't Cry Daddy\", and \"A Little Less Conversation\". A subsequent solo career in the 1970s produced hits such as \"Baby, Don't Get Hooked on Me\". He also starred in his own variety show, a Broadway musical, and various films and TV shows.", "Q319183": "Jan Smit (born 31 December 1985) is a Dutch singer, television host, actor and football director. Smit mostly sings Dutch songs in a genre known as Volendam music. In addition to his solo career, in 2015 Smit joined the schlager trio KLUBBB3, and in 2017 The Toppers. As a TV presenter, he has worked on programs like the best singers in the Netherlands and Music Festival on the square. Since 1999, Smit has been serving as an ambassador for the SOS Children's Villages, and is member of the board for the football club FC Volendam.", "Q101760": "Karl Schwarz (19 November 1812 \u2013 25 March 1885) was a German Protestant theologian.", "Q97934": "Hella Tornegg was a German stage and film actress.", "Q685149": "Lamar Seeligson Smith (born November 19, 1947) is an American politician of the Republican Party who served in the United States House of Representatives for Texas's 21st congressional district for 16 terms. The district included most of the wealthier sections of San Antonio and Austin, as well as some of the Texas Hill Country. He sponsored the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), and the Protecting Children From Internet Pornographers Act (PCIP). He also co-sponsored the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act.As the head of the House Science Committee, Smith has been criticized for his position on climate change and for receiving funding from oil and gas companies. He was formerly a contributor to Breitbart News.In November 2017, Smith announced that he would retire from Congress at the end of his current term, and not seek re-election in 2018.\n\n", "Q458390": "Henry Brooks Adams (February 16, 1838 \u2013 March 27, 1918) was an American historian and member of the Adams political family, descended from two U.S. Presidents.\nAs a young Harvard graduate, he was secretary to his father, Charles Francis Adams, Abraham Lincoln's ambassador to the United Kingdom. The posting influenced the younger man through the experience of wartime diplomacy, and absorption in English culture, especially the works of John Stuart Mill. After the American Civil War, he became a political journalist who entertained America's foremost intellectuals at his homes in Washington and Boston.\nDuring his lifetime, he was best known for his History of the United States During the Administrations of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, a nine-volume work, praised for its literary style.\nHis posthumously published memoir, The Education of Henry Adams, won the Pulitzer Prize and went on to be named by the Modern Library as the best English-language nonfiction book of the 20th century.", "Q272050": "Noname Jane is an American pornographic actress. In the majority of the pornographic films in which she appeared, she used the stage name Violet Blue. In October 2007, a lawsuit brought by the author of the same name charged that Jane had adopted the author's name and persona, prompting Jane to change her stage name to Violetta Blue, and then to Noname Jane, in response to an injunction in the case.\n\n", "Q289584": "\u00c9tienne, Count Davignon (born 4 October 1932 in Budapest, Hungary) is a Belgian politician, businessman, and former vice-president of the European Commission.", "Q4318652": "Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c. \u0420. \u0415. \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430, NNSTU) is a public technical university in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, founded in 1917. The university was renamed in honour of a famous alumnus, engineer Rostislav Alexeyev, in 1992.", "Q3964488": "Som Livre (Portuguese for \"Free Sound\") is a Brazilian record company that was founded in 1969 by Rede Globo to commercialize its soap opera soundtracks, later expanding to record studio albums.\nToday it is one of the largest Brazilian music record labels and is still a part of Grupo Globo.", "Q362531": "Sigurj\u00f3n Birgir Sigur\u00f0sson (born 27 August 1962), known as Sj\u00f3n ( SYOHN), is an Icelandic poet, novelist, and lyricist. His pen name (meaning \"sight\") is an abbreviation of his given name (Sigurj\u00f3n). Sj\u00f3n frequently collaborates with the singer Bj\u00f6rk and has performed with The Sugarcubes as Johnny Triumph. His works have been translated into 30 languages.", "Q79153": "Charles Sealsfield was the pseudonym of Austrian-American journalist Carl (or Karl) Anton Postl (3 March 1793 \u2013 26 May 1864), an advocate for a German democracy. He lived in the United States from 1822 to 1826, and then again in 1828/1829. During a final stay from 1853 to 1858 he became a US citizen. Sealsfield is best known for his German-language Romantic novels with American backgrounds, and also wrote travelogues. He returned to Europe about 1829, living in Paris and London before settling in Switzerland in 1832, where he resided for most of the rest of his life.", "Q180518": "Pippo Pollina (Palermo, May 18, 1963) born Giuseppe Pollina is an Italian singer-songwriter. He lives in Switzerland (Zurich) and his music is known in German speaking countries (Germany, Austria and Switzerland) as well as in Italy. Even though being Italian, his success in Italy was a delayed success compared to Central Europe.", "Q163683": "Maurice Anthony Biot (May 25, 1905 \u2013 September 12, 1985) was a Belgian-American applied physicist. He made contributions in thermodynamics, aeronautics, geophysics, earthquake engineering, and electromagnetism. Particularly, he was accredited as the founder of the theory of poroelasticity.Born in Antwerp, Belgium, Biot studied at Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium where he received a bachelor's degrees in philosophy (1927), mining engineering (1929) and electrical engineering (1930), and Doctor of Science in 1931. He obtained his Ph.D. in Aeronautical Science from the California Institute of Technology in 1932 under Theodore von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n.\nIn 1930s and 1940s Biot worked at Harvard University, the Catholic University of Leuven, Columbia University and Brown University, and later for a number of companies and government agencies, including NASA during the Space Program in the 1960s. Since 1969, Biot became a private consultant for various companies and agencies, and particularly for Shell Research and Development.\nBiot's early work with von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n and during the World War II working for the US Navy Bureau of Aeronautics led to the development of the three-dimensional theory of aircraft flutter. During the period between 1932 and 1942, he conceived and then fully developed the response spectrum method (RSM) for earthquake engineering. For irreversible thermodynamics, Biot utilized the variational approach and was the first to introduce the dissipation function and the minimum dissipation principle to account for the dissipation phenomenon, which led to the development of thermoelasticity, heat transfer, viscoelasticity, and thermorheology. Biot\u2019s interest in the non-linear effects of initial stress and the inelastic behavior of solids led to his mathematical theory of folding of stratified rocks. In the period between 1935 and 1962 Biot published a number of scientific papers that lay the foundations of the theory of poroelasticity (now known as Biot theory), which describes the mechanical behaviour of fluid-saturated porous media.\nBiot is a recipient of the Timoshenko Medal (1962) and the von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n Medal (1967). He was an Honorary Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America, a member of the US National Academy of Engineering [37, 46], and was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He died in his Brussels apartment aged 80.\nTo honor Biot\u2019s pioneering contributions, a Maurice A. Biot Medal was established by the Engineering Mechanics Institute of American Society of Civil Engineers. A Biot Conference on Poromechanics was established and was held at Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Belgium (1998), Universite Joseph Fourier, France (2002), University of Oklahoma, USA (2005), Columbia University, USA (2009), and Technical University of Vienna, Austria (2013).", "Q602998": "Les Vampires is a 1915\u201316 French silent crime serial film written and directed by Louis Feuillade. Set in Paris, it stars \u00c9douard Math\u00e9, Musidora and Marcel L\u00e9vesque. The main characters are a journalist and his friend who become involved in trying to uncover and stop a bizarre underground Apache gang, known as The Vampires (who are not the mythological beings their name suggests). The serial consists of ten episodes, which vary greatly in length. Being roughly 7 hours long, it is considered one of the longest films ever made. It was produced and distributed by Feuillade's company Gaumont. Due to its stylistic similarities with Feuillade's other crime serials Fant\u00f4mas and Judex, the three are often considered a trilogy.Fresh from the success of Feuillade's previous serial, Fant\u00f4mas, and facing competition from rival company Path\u00e9, Feuillade made the film quickly and inexpensively with very little written script. Upon its initial release Les Vampires was given negative reviews by critics for its dubious morality and its lack of cinematic techniques compared to other films. However, it was a massive success with its wartime audience, making Musidora a star of French cinema. The film has since come under re-evaluation and is considered by many to be Feuillade's magnum opus and a cinematic masterpiece. It is recognised for developing thriller techniques, adopted by Alfred Hitchcock and Fritz Lang, and avant-garde cinema, inspiring Luis Bu\u00f1uel and others. It is included in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die.", "Q269316": "The Republicans (German: Die Republikaner, REP) is a national conservative political party in Germany. The primary plank of the programme is opposition to immigration. The party tends to attract protest voters who think that the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU) are not sufficiently conservative. It was founded in 1983 by former CSU members Franz Handlos and Ekkehard Voigt, and Franz Sch\u00f6nhuber was the party's leader from 1985 to 1994. The party had later been led by Rolf Schlierer, until 2014. The Republicans had seats in the European Parliament between 1989 and 1994, Abgeordnetenhaus of West Berlin in 1989\u20131990 and in the parliament of the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg between 1991 and 2001.\nThe German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution between 1992 and 2006 said that the Republicans were a \"party with partially extreme-right tendencies\" although the Republican leadership did rebuff an electoral alliance with more openly extreme-right parties such as the National Democratic Party of Germany, losing members to these more successful parties. The Republicans' strongholds tended to be in relatively affluent South Germany rather than the more economically depressed Eastern Germany where the more radical right-wing parties tended to do well.\nIn the 2013 federal elections, the Republicans received 0.2 percent of the total national vote.", "Q69340": "Sky du Mont (born Cayetano Neven du Mont; 20 May 1947) is a German actor.", "Q92694": "Andrew Hopper (born 1953) is Treasurer and Vice-President of the Royal Society, Professor of Computer Technology, former Head of the University of Cambridge Department of Computer Science and Technology, an Honorary Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge and serial entrepreneur.", "Q115715": "This is about the racing driver, for the Norwegian geologist with a similarly spelled name go to Hans ReuschHans Ruesch (17 May 1913 \u2013 27 August 2007) was a Swiss racing driver, a novelist, and an internationally prominent activist against animal experiments and vivisection. Ruesch has been described as a pioneer of the anti-vivisection movement.", "Q279105": "Volbeat are a Danish rock band formed in Copenhagen in 2001. They play a fusion of rock and roll, heavy metal and rockabilly. Their current line-up consists of vocalist and guitarist Michael Poulsen, guitarist Rob Caggiano, drummer Jon Larsen and bassist Kaspar Boye Larsen. The band is signed to Dutch label Mascot Records and has released six studio albums and one DVD. All of their studio albums have been certified gold in Denmark. Their second album Rock the Rebel/Metal the Devil received platinum status, and their 2010 release Beyond Hell/Above Heaven was subject to widespread international critical acclaim, receiving double platinum in Denmark, platinum in Finland and Germany, and gold in the United States, Sweden and Austria. Volbeat's seventh album, Rewind, Replay, Rebound, was released on 2 August 2019.", "Q219829": "Zona Gale, also known by her married name, Zona Gale Breese (August 26, 1874 \u2013 December 27, 1938), was an American novelist, short story writer, and playwright. She became the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1921. The close relationship she had with her parents set the tone for her writing and her personal life. Her books based upon her home town were found to be charming and had an intimate sense of realism, in which she capture the underlying feelings and motivations of her characters. All of her works were written under her maiden name, Zona Gale.\nShe became a single parent when she adopted a girl. Her parents died in 1923 and 1929. After her parents died, she became interested in mysticism, which changed her writing style, to the chagrin of the critics that enjoyed her previous work. She was unmarried until she was in her fifties, when she married a childhood friend who was a widower. She supported political and social causes, like women's rights, pacifism, and education.", "Q49090": "Charles McArthur Ghankay Taylor (born 28 January 1948) is a Liberian former politician and convicted war criminal who served as the 22nd President of Liberia from 2 August 1997 until his resignation on 11 August 2003.Born in Arthington, Montserrado County, Liberia, Taylor earned a degree at Bentley College in the United States before returning to Liberia to work in the government of Samuel Doe. After being removed for embezzlement, he eventually arrived in Libya, where he was trained as a guerrilla fighter. He returned to Liberia in 1989 as the head of a Libyan-backed rebel group, the National Patriotic Front of Liberia, to overthrow the Doe government, initiating the First Liberian Civil War (1989\u201396). Following Doe's execution, Taylor gained control of a large portion of the country and became one of the most prominent warlords in Africa. Following a peace deal that ended the war, Taylor was elected president in the 1997 general election.During his term of office, Taylor was accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity as a result of his involvement in the Sierra Leone Civil War (1991\u20132002). Domestically, opposition to his government grew, culminating in the outbreak of the Second Liberian Civil War (1999\u20132003). By 2003, Taylor had lost control of much of the countryside and was formally indicted by the Special Court for Sierra Leone. That year, he resigned, as a result of growing international pressure, and went into exile in Nigeria. In 2006, the newly elected President, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, formally requested his extradition. He was detained by UN authorities in Sierra Leone and then at the Penitentiary Institution Haaglanden in The Hague, awaiting trial by the Special Court. He was found guilty in April 2012 of all eleven charges levied by the Special Court, including terror, murder and rape. In May 2012, Taylor was sentenced to 50 years in prison. Reading the sentencing statement, Presiding Judge Richard Lussick said: \"The accused has been found responsible for aiding and abetting as well as planning some of the most heinous and brutal crimes in recorded human history.\"", "Q70611": "Centovalli (literally: hundred valleys) is a valley and a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It is composed of 19 villages or hamlets \"frazioni\". The municipality was formed on 25 October 2009 through the merger of the municipalities of Borgnone, Intragna and Palagnedra.", "Q191415": "Asni\u00e8res-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: \u200b[a.nj\u025b\u0281 sy\u0281 s\u025bn]) is a commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department and \u00cele-de-France region of north-central France. It lies on the left bank of the River Seine, some eight kilometres from the centre of Paris in the north-western suburbs of the French capital.", "Q103177": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin that surfaced in the early 2000s caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), the first-identified strain of the SARS coronavirus species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV). The syndrome caused the 2002\u20132004 SARS outbreak. In late 2017, Chinese scientists traced the virus through the intermediary of civets to cave-dwelling horseshoe bats in Yunnan province. No cases of the first SARS-CoV have been reported worldwide since 2004.In 2019, a related virus strain, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was discovered. This new strain causes COVID-19, a disease which brought about the ongoing 2019\u201320 coronavirus pandemic.", "Q925902": "Peter William Shorrocks Butterworth (4 February 1915 \u2013 16 January 1979) was an English comedy actor and comedian, best known for his appearances in the Carry On series of films. He was also a regular on children's television and radio, and was known for playing the Meddling Monk in Doctor Who. Butterworth was married to the actress and impressionist Janet Brown.", "Q444961": "Antonia D. Reed (born April 22, 1966), known professionally as Bahamadia, is an American hip hop artist, rapper and singer. She released her debut album Kollage in 1996, and followed up with the independently released EP, BB Queen in 2000, then a full length album, Good Rap Music in 2005. Since, Bahamadia has released singles Dialed Up Vol. 1 in 2013, Here in 2015 and Dialed Up Vol. 2 in 2018.\nThroughout her career, Bahamadia has been a featured artist on tracks with musicians such as The Roots, Jedi Mind Tricks, Erykah Badu, Morcheeba, Guru, Towa Tei, among others.\nIn November 2016 she appeared as a guest client on Project Runway where her son, Mah-Jing Wong, was a contestant.", "Q557909": "Tygert Burton \"Ty\" Pennington (born Gary Tygert Burton; October 19, 1964) is an American television host, artist, carpenter, author, philanthropist, and former model and actor.\nHis rise to prominence began with his role as carpenter on the TLC home improvement reality show Trading Spaces (2000\u20132003), and most notably for his work as host of the critically acclaimed ABC reality series Extreme Makeover: Home Edition (2003\u20132012), for which he earned international recognition as an advocate for volunteerism and helping others.\nFollowing the show's conclusion in 2012, Pennington has focused on numerous other projects, including host of ABC's short lived talk show The Revolution in 2012, TNT's On the Menu opposite Emeril Lagasse in 2014 and The Food Network's American Diner Revival opposite Amanda Freitag from 2015 to 2016. On September 13, 2017, it was announced that Pennington was joining the revival of Trading Spaces, which began airing on April 7, 2018, on TLC.", "Q113364": "Darrell Nulisch (born September 14, 1952, Dallas, Texas) is an American electric blues singer and harmonica player. Prior to his solo career, he was a member of Anson Funderburgh and the Rockets and The Broadcasters. Nulisch's repertoire incorporates soul combined with R&B and Chicago blues, redesigned to complement his distinctive vocals.", "Q181606": "Stylianos Mavromichalis (Greek: \u03a3\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2) (1899 \u2013 29 October 1981) was a Greek politician and Prime Minister.\nBorn in Mani, Stylianos was a descendant of the well-known Petros Mavromichalis that participated in the Greek War of Independence.\nHe studied law and was president of the Areopagus (Court of Cassation; Greek: \u0386\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2), the Supreme Court of Greece. He was prime minister for a very short period, from 29 September to 8 November 1963, of a transitional government. He died in Athens.", "Q452130": "Amado Nervo (August 27, 1870 \u2013 May 24, 1919) also known as Juan Cris\u00f3stomo Ruiz de Nervo, was a Mexican poet, journalist and educator. He also acted as Mexican Ambassador to Argentina and Uruguay. His poetry was known for its use of metaphor and reference to mysticism, presenting both love and religion, as well as Christianity and Hinduism. Nervo is noted as one of the most important Mexican poets of the 19th century.", "Q315752": "John Frederic Daniell FRS (12 March 1790 \u2013 13 March 1845) was an English chemist and physicist.", "Q165219": "Robert John Downey Jr. (born April 4, 1965) is an American actor, producer, and singer. His career has been characterized by critical and popular success in his youth, followed by a period of substance abuse and legal troubles, before a resurgence of commercial success in middle age. In 2008, Downey was named by Time magazine among the 100 most influential people in the world, and from 2013 to 2015, he was listed by Forbes as Hollywood's highest-paid actor. His films have grossed over $14.4 billion worldwide, making him the second highest-grossing box-office star of all time.At the age of five, he made his acting debut in Robert Downey Sr.'s film Pound in 1970. He subsequently worked with the Brat Pack in the teen films Weird Science (1985) and Less Than Zero (1987). In 1992, Downey portrayed the title character in the biopic Chaplin, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and won a BAFTA Award. Following a stint at the Corcoran Substance Abuse Treatment Facility on drug charges, he joined the TV series Ally McBeal, for which he won a Golden Globe Award; however in the wake of two drug charges, one in late 2000 and one in early 2001, he was fired and his character terminated. He stayed in a court-ordered drug treatment program shortly after and has maintained his sobriety since 2003.\nInitially, bond completion companies would not insure Downey, until Mel Gibson paid the insurance bond for the 2003 film The Singing Detective. He subsequently went on to star in the black comedy Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (2005), the thriller Zodiac (2007), and the action comedy Tropic Thunder (2008); for the latter he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Downey gained wider recognition for starring as Tony Stark / Iron Man in ten films within the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with Iron Man (2008). He has also played the title character in Guy Ritchie's Sherlock Holmes (2009), which earned him his second Golden Globe, and its sequel (2011).", "Q3350666": "Oliver Moulton Hyde (March 10, 1804 \u2013 June 28, 1870) was a Detroit businessman, manufacturer, and politician who was elected mayor of Detroit three times, in 1854, 1856, and 1857.", "Q1502264": "William \"Hambone Willie\" Newbern (1901 \u2013 April 15, 1965) was an American guitar-playing country blues musician.", "Q58176": "Tonio Borg (born 12 May 1957) is a Maltese politician who was the European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Policy replacing John Dalli as member of the College of the European Commission in the second Barroso Commission. Borg is a conservative and a Roman Catholic.\n\n", "Q77195": "Petra Pau (born 9 August 1963) is a German politician, as a member of The Left. She has been a member of the Bundestag since 1998. Since 2006, she has also served as a Vice President of the Bundestag, becoming the first member of her party to be a member of the Presidium. Pau belongs to the reform-oriented members of her party, actively supporting parliamentary representative democracy.\n\n", "Q115926": "Peter Bieri (born 21 June 1952) is a Swiss politician, current member and former President of the Swiss Council of States (2006/2007). Member of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), he was elected to the Council of States in 1995.\nBieri was born 1952 in Winterthur. He is married and father of four. From 1987 to 1994, he was member of the council of the municipality of H\u00fcnenberg.", "Q632668": "Coraline is a 2009 American stop-motion animated dark fantasy horror film directed and written for the screen by Henry Selick based on the 2002 novel of the same name by Neil Gaiman. Produced by Laika as its first feature film, Coraline stars the voices of Dakota Fanning, Teri Hatcher, Jennifer Saunders, Dawn French, Keith David, John Hodgman, Robert Bailey Jr., and Ian McShane. The film depicts an adventurous girl named Coraline finding an idealized parallel world behind a secret door in her new home, unaware that the alternative world contains a dark and sinister secret.\nThe film was released in United States theaters on February 6, 2009 by Focus Features after a world premiere at the Portland International Film Festival, and received critical acclaim. The film made $16.85 million during opening weekend, ranking third at the box office, and by the end of its run had grossed over $124 million worldwide. Coraline won Annie Awards for Best Music in an Animated Feature Production, Best Character Design in an Animated Feature Production and Best Production Design in an Animated Feature Production, and received nominations for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and a Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film.", "Q325691": "Passenger 57 is a 1992 American action thriller film directed by Kevin Hooks. The film stars Wesley Snipes and Bruce Payne. Its success made Snipes a popular action hero icon. It also introduced Snipes' famous line: \"Always bet on black.\"\n\n", "Q549504": "Massacration is a Brazilian satirical heavy metal band, self-proclaimed the \"greatest and most classic heavy metal band, the inspiration behind most heavy bands since 1985, whose members' hairdos and posing influenced the whole heavy metal culture\". The classical line-up consists of Detonator (vocal, Bruno Sutter), Blondie Hammet (lead guitar, Fausto Fanti), Metal Avenger (bass guitar, Marco Ant\u00f4nio Alves), Jimmy \"The Hammer\" (drums, Felipe Torres) and Headmaster (rhythm guitar, Adriano Pereira).\nMassacration was created in the sketch comedy show Hermes & Renato along with other fake bands such as the indietronica \"Tamb\u00e9m Sou Hype\" (\"I'm Also Hype\", a parody of CSS), samba school \"Unidos do Caralho a Quatro\" or the ax\u00e9 band \"Cora\u00e7\u00e3o Mel\u00e3o\" (Melon Heart). But, like The Monkees, Massacration became a huge success, and a real band.\n\n", "Q516000": "Jacob \"Jac\" Nellemann (born 19 April 1944, in Copenhagen) is a former racing driver from Denmark. Reaching Formula One in 1976, his single entry was at the 1976 Swedish Grand Prix, driving Brabhams run by the small RAM team. Despite taking part in qualifying sessions in two cars, a BT42 and a BT44B, he failed to qualify. He was on the entry list for the following year's race, but he was not present for qualifying.", "Q70822": "Wolfgang Behrendt (born 14 June 1936) was a bantamweight amateur boxer from East Germany, won the gold medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics for the United Team of Germany. He subsequently became the first Olympic champion for East Germany. He was born in Berlin.", "Q623765": "Rugby is a market town in Warwickshire, England, close to the River Avon. The town has a population of 70,628\n(2011 census) making it the second-largest town in the county. The town is the main settlement within the larger Borough of Rugby which has a population of 100,500 (2011 census).\nRugby is on the eastern edge of Warwickshire, near the borders of Leicestershire and Northamptonshire. It is 83 miles (134 km) north of London, 30 miles (48 km) east of Birmingham and 11 miles (18 km) east of Coventry.\nRugby School, an independent school situated in the town, is the birthplace of Rugby football. In 1845, three Rugby School pupils produced the first written rules of the \"Rugby style of game\".", "Q391452": "Ball of Fire is a 1941 American screwball comedy film directed by Howard Hawks and starring Gary Cooper and Barbara Stanwyck. This Samuel Goldwyn Productions film (originally distributed by RKO) concerns a group of professors laboring to write an encyclopedia and their encounter with a nightclub performer who provides her own unique knowledge.\nThe supporting cast includes Oscar Homolka, S. Z. Sakall, Henry Travers, Richard Haydn, Dana Andrews, and Dan Duryea. In 1948, the plot was recycled for a musical film, A Song Is Born, this time starring Danny Kaye and Virginia Mayo.\nThe film was later remade with Danny Kaye and Virginia Mayo under the title A Song is Born (1948). The film is also known as The Professor and the Burlesque Queen. In 2016, the film was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress, and selected for preservation in its National Film Registry.", "Q300439": "A History of Violence is a 2005 American action thriller film directed by David Cronenberg and written by Josh Olson. It is an adaptation of the 1997 graphic novel of the same title by John Wagner and Vince Locke. The film stars Viggo Mortensen as the owner of a small-town diner who is thrust into the spotlight after confronting two robbers in self-defense, thus changing his life forever.\nThe film was in the main competition for the 2005 Palme d'Or. The film was put into limited release in the United States on September 23, 2005, and wide release on September 30, 2005.\nWilliam Hurt was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, while Olson was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay. The Los Angeles Times has called it the last major Hollywood film to be released on VHS. Mortensen himself praised it as \"one of the best movies [he's] ever been in, if not the best\", also declaring it was a \"perfect film noir\" or \"close to perfect\".", "Q512266": "Thomas Gautier Pesquet (French pronunciation: \u200b[t\u0254ma gotje p\u025bsk\u025b]; born 27 February 1978 in Rouen) is a French aerospace engineer, pilot, and European Space Agency astronaut. Pesquet was selected by ESA as a candidate in May 2009, and he successfully completed his basic training in November 2010. From November 2016 to June 2017, Pesquet was part of Expedition 50 and Expedition 51 as a flight engineer. Pesquet will return to space in late 2021 on board a US Commercial Crew Vehicle for a second six-month stay on the ISS.\n\n", "Q3241019": "Rhinebeck is a village in the town of Rhinebeck in Dutchess County, New York, United States. The population was 2,657 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Poughkeepsie\u2013Newburgh\u2013Middletown, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York\u2013Newark\u2013Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area.\nThe postal ZIP code is 12572. U.S. Route 9 passes through the village.\n\n", "Q170172": "Boris Fyodorovich Godunov (;Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432, IPA: [b\u0250\u02c8r\u02b2is \u0261\u0259d\u028a\u02c8nof]; c. 1551 \u2013 23 April [O.S. 13 April] 1605) ruled the Tsardom of Russia as de facto regent from c. 1585 to 1598 and then as the first non-Rurikid tsar from 1598 to 1605. After the end of his reign Russia descended into the Time of Troubles.", "Q55452": "Vittorio Gassman (Italian pronunciation: [vit\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0rjo \u02c8\u0261azman]; born Gassmann; 1 September 1922 \u2013 29 June 2000), popularly known as Il Mattatore, was an Italian actor, director and screenwriter.He is considered one of the greatest Italian actors and is often remembered as an extremely professional, versatile, and magnetic interpreter, whose long career includes both important productions as well as dozens of divertissements (which made him greatly popular).", "Q64857": "Maur is a municipality in the district of Uster in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q98434": "Judith Schalansky (born 20 September 1980, in Greifswald) is a German writer, book designer and publisher. Her book Atlas of Remote Islands was the winner of the prize for the most beautiful German book of the year in 2009. In 2012, she won the same prize for The Giraffe\u2019s Neck. Schalansky has degrees in both art history and communication design.The asteroid 95247 Schalansky was named after her in 2011.\n\n", "Q233959": "Belinda Jo Carlisle (born August 17, 1958) is an American singer, musician, and author. She gained worldwide fame as the lead singer of the Go-Go's, one of the most successful all-female bands in history, and went on to have a prolific career as a solo artist.\nRaised in Southern California, Carlisle began her music career in 1977 as the drummer of the Los Angeles punk band Germs, and went on to join the Go-Go's as the lead singer after the band's formation in 1978. With their chart-topping debut release Beauty and the Beat in 1981, the group helped popularize new wave music in the United States, and were the first all-female band in history who wrote their own songs and played their own instruments to achieve a No. 1 album. The Go-Go's have sold over 7 million records worldwide.After dissolution of the Go-Go's in 1985, Carlisle went on to have a successful solo career with radio hits such as \"Mad About You\", \"I Get Weak\", \"Circle in the Sand\", \"Leave a Light On\", and \"Heaven Is a Place on Earth\", which were major successes. Her autobiography, Lips Unsealed, published in June 2010, was a New York Times Best Seller and received favorable reviews. On August 11, 2011, as a member of the Go-Go's, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q7227": "Emperor Zhao of Han (94 BC \u2013 5 June 74 BC), born Liu Fuling, was the emperor of the Western Han dynasty from 87 to 74 BC.\nEmperor Zhao was the youngest son of Emperor Wu of Han. By the time he was born, Emperor Wu was already 62. Prince Fuling ascended the throne after the death of Emperor Wu in 87 BC. He was only eight years old. Huo Guang served as regent.\nEmperor Wu's long reign left the Han Dynasty greatly expanded; however constant warfare had depleted the empire's coffers. Emperor Zhao, under the tutelage of Huo, took the initiative and lowered taxes as well as reducing government spending. As a result, citizens prospered and the Han Dynasty enjoyed an era of peace. Emperor Zhao died after reigning for 13 years, at the age of 20. He was succeeded by He, Prince of Changyi.\n\n", "Q53023": "Nanni Loy (born Giovanni Loi; 23 October 1925 \u2013 21 August 1995) was an Italian film, theatre and TV director. Specifically, Nanni Loy was Sardinian, and one of several notable Sardinian film makers, including Franco Solinas. \nLoy was born in Cagliari, Sardinia: his father was Guglielmo Loy-Don\u00e0, a lawyer issue from a distinguished Sardinian-Venetian family, and his mother was the noblewoman Donna Anna Sanjust of the Marquesses of Neoneli. Rosetta Loy, an Italian novelist, is his sister-in-law.He became famous for introducing in Italy the candid camera with his show Specchio segreto (Secret mirror) in 1965.\nHis 1962 film The Four Days of Naples was nominated for two Academy Awards. It also won the FIPRESCI Prize at the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival in 1963.His 1971 film Detenuto in attesa di giudizio was entered into the 22nd Berlin International Film Festival. The star, Alberto Sordi, won the Silver Bear for Best Actor award.He specialized in comedy films such as Padre di famiglia but he also shot film dealing with social themes (Detenuto in attesa di giudizio and Sistemo l'America e torno).\nLoy died at Fregene, near Rome, in 1995.\n\n", "Q513178": "The Andromeda Strain is a 2008 science fiction miniseries, based on the 1969 novel of the same name written by Michael Crichton about a team of scientists who investigate a deadly disease of extraterrestrial origin. The miniseries is a \"reimagining\" of the original novel rather than an adaptation. In addition to updating the setting to the early 21st century, the miniseries makes a great many plot and character changes from its source. The mini-series has two episodes for a total of 169 minutes.", "Q919976": "Edward Turner (24 January 1901 \u2013 15 August 1973) was an English motorcycle designer. He was born in Camberwell in the London Borough of Southwark, on the day King Edward VII was proclaimed King.\nIn 1915, Turner had his first ride on a motorcycle, a Light Tourist New Imperial.", "Q327938": "David Marshall Grant (born June 21, 1955) is an American actor, singer and writer.", "Q204893": "The Twelve Chairs is a 1970 American comedy film directed by Mel Brooks and starring Frank Langella, Ron Moody, and Dom DeLuise. The screenplay was written by Brooks. The film was one of at least 18 film adaptations of the Russian 1928 novel The Twelve Chairs by Ilf and Petrov.\n\n", "Q1132636": "The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Serbian: \u0421\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, romanized: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, abbr. \u0421\u0410\u041d\u0423/SANU) is a national academy and the most prominent academic institution in Serbia, founded in 1841 as Society Of Serbian Letters (Serbian: \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438/Dru\u0161tvo srbske slovesnosti, abbr. \u0414\u0421\u0421/DSS).\nThe Academy's membership has included Nobel laureates Ivo Andri\u0107, Vladimir Prelog, Peter Handke, as well as, Josif Pan\u010di\u0107, Jovan Cviji\u0107, Stojan Novakovi\u0107, Branislav Petronijevi\u0107, Mihajlo Pupin, Nikola Tesla, Milutin Milankovi\u0107, Mihailo Petrovi\u0107-Alas, Bogdan Gavrilovi\u0107, Mehmed Me\u0161a Selimovi\u0107, Danilo Ki\u0161 and many other scientists, scholars and artists of Serbian and foreign origin.", "Q179156": "Charles Delano (June 24, 1820 \u2013 January 23, 1883) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.\nBorn in New Braintree, Massachusetts, Delano moved with his parents to Amherst in 1833.\nHe attended the common schools and graduated from Amherst College in 1840, where he studied law. Delano was admitted to the bar in 1842 and commenced practice in Amherst. He moved to Northampton in 1848 and continued the practice of law. He served as Treasurer of Hampshire County from 1849 to 1858.\nDelano was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1862, and resumed the practice of law.\nIn 1874, Delano was appointed to be an assistant coroner for the inquest into deaths that resulted from a dam break on the Mill River, which caused a flood in Williamsburg, Massachusetts. Later he served as a trustee of the Clarke School for the Education of the Deaf from 1877 to 1883.\nDelano was appointed by Governor Alexander H. Rice in 1878 to act as special counsel for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in matters relating to the Hoosac Tunnel and the Troy and Greenfield Railroad, and served in this capacity until his death in Northampton on January 23, 1883. He was interred in Bridge Street Cemetery.", "Q459703": "Nino Machaidze (Georgian: \u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4; born 8 March 1983) is a Georgian operatic soprano. She gained international attention after being cast as Juliette in Rom\u00e9o et Juliette at the 2008 Salzburg Festival. She is also notable for bel canto roles such as Fiorilla in Il turco in Italia, Adina in L'elisir d'amore, and Violetta in La traviata.", "Q336835": "The Adventures of Pinocchio is a 1996 fantasy family film based on Carlo Collodi's original novel of the same name co-written and directed by Steve Barron. Barron collaborated with Sherry Mills, Tom Bender and Barry Berman on the screenplay. The film was an American, British, French, Czech, and German venture produced by New Line Cinema, The Kushner-Locke Company, Savoy Pictures, Pangaea Holdings and Twin Continental Films. The film stars Martin Landau, Jonathan Taylor Thomas, Rob Schneider, Udo Kier, Bebe Neuwirth, David Doyle and Genevi\u00e8ve Bujold.", "Q234788": "Cecilia Edith Rotenberg Gutkin better known as Cecilia Roth (Spanish pronunciation: [se\u02c8silja rot]; born August 8, 1956) is an Argentine actress. She is the winner of two Goya Awards and a European Film Award. She is known for being an \"Almod\u00f3var girl\" and the \"muse\" of Fito P\u00e1ez during the 1990s.", "Q291446": "Go Ah-sung (born 10 August 1992) is a South Korean actress. She began her career as a child actress, notably in 2006 top-grossing blockbuster The Host. This was followed by major roles in Snowpiercer (2013), Thread of Lies (2014) and Office (2015), as well as the TV dramas Master of Study (2010) and Heard It Through the Grapevine (2015).", "Q126452": "Emma McClarkin (born 9 October 1978), is a British Conservative Party politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for the East Midlands region from 2009 to 2019.\nShe was first elected in 2009, and re-elected in 2014. She was a spokesman for international trade for the Conservative Party.\n\n", "Q1130": "Iserlohn (German pronunciation: [i\u02d0z\u0250\u02c8lo\u02d0n]) is a city in the M\u00e4rkischer Kreis district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the largest city by population and area within the district and the Sauerland region.", "Q744932": "William Henry Barnum (September 17, 1818 \u2013 April 30, 1889) was an American politician, serving as a state representative, U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator, and finally as chairman of the Democratic National Committee. He was also known as Seven Mule Barnum.\n\n", "Q349039": "Adam Clark Curry (born September 3, 1964) is a podcaster, announcer, internet entrepreneur and media personality, known for his stint as VJ on MTV and being one of the first celebrities personally to create and administer Web sites. Now known mostly for co-hosting the No Agenda show, in the 2000s, he first became involved in podcasting, and has been called the 'Podfather' because of his efforts.\n\n", "Q170614": "Ryanair DAC is an Irish budget airline founded in 1984, headquartered in Swords, Dublin, with its primary operational bases at Dublin and London Stansted airports. It forms the largest part of the Ryanair Holdings family of airlines, and has Ryanair UK, Buzz, Malta Air and Lauda as sister airlines. In 2016, Ryanair was the largest European budget airline by scheduled passengers flown, and carried more international passengers than any other airline.Ryanair operates more than 300 Boeing 737-800 aircraft, with a single 737-700 used as a charter aircraft, as a backup, and for pilot training. The airline has been characterised by its rapid expansion, a result of the deregulation of the aviation industry in Europe in 1997 and the success of its low-cost business model. Ryanair's route network serves 40 countries in Europe, North Africa (Morocco), and the Middle East (Israel, Lebanon and Jordan).The company has been criticised over its employee conditions and heavy use of extra charges. It has also been noted for its intentional provocation of controversy as a means to generate free publicity. As of 2019, it has been voted the least-liked short-haul airline six years running in Which? surveys, and came last in a 2019 rating of 100 UK brands' customer service.\n\n", "Q1975471": "Stefan Drzewiecki (Russian: \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0301\u043d \u041a\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447); 26 July 1844, Kunka, Podolia, Russian Empire (today Ukraine) \u2013 23 April 1938, Paris) was a Polish scientist, journalist, engineer, constructor and inventor, working in France and the Russian Empire. He built the first submarine in the world with electric battery-powered propulsion (1884).", "Q190086": "Some Like It Hot is a 1959 American black-and-white romantic comedy film directed and produced by Billy Wilder, starring Marilyn Monroe, Tony Curtis, and Jack Lemmon. The supporting cast includes George Raft, Pat O'Brien, Joe E. Brown, Joan Shawlee, and Nehemiah Persoff. The screenplay by Billy Wilder and I. A. L. Diamond is based on a screenplay by Robert Thoeren and Michael Logan from the French film Fanfare of Love. The film is about two musicians who dress in drag in order to escape from mafia gangsters whom they witnessed committing a crime (inspired by the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre).\nSome Like It Hot opened to critical and commercial success and is considered to be one of the greatest films of all time. The film received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Actor, Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay. It was voted as the top comedy film by the American Film Institute on their list on AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs poll in 2000, and was selected as the best comedy of all time in a poll of 253 film critics from 52 countries conducted by the BBC in 2017. In 2005, the British Film Institute included this film on its list of \"Top fifty films for children up to the age of 14\".The film was produced without approval from the Motion Picture Production Code because it plays with the idea of homosexuality and features cross-dressing. The code had been gradually weakening in its scope since the early 1950s, due to greater social tolerance for previously taboo topics in film, but it was still officially enforced until the mid-1960s. The overwhelming success of Some Like It Hot is considered one of the final nails in the coffin for the Hays Code.", "Q3167700": "Jean-Marie Hullot (February 16, 1954 \u2013 June 17, 2019) was a French computer scientist and programmer who authored important programs for the original Macintosh, NeXTSTEP and Mac OS X platforms. These include the SOS Interface for the Mac, which later became Interface Builder for NeXTSTEP (1985), and later still evolved into an important part of Mac OS X. He also led the iCal and iSync development teams for Mac OS X (2002).In 1981, Jean-Marie Hullot received a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Paris at Orsay, where his adviser was G\u00e9rard Huet. He was a researcher at INRIA from 1979 to 1985, when he joined NeXT. In 1996 he co-founded RealNames, a URL translation service which closed in 2002. He worked as CTO of Application Division at Apple Inc. from 2001 to 2005. He was the President and CEO of Fotopedia, a collaborative photo encyclopedia, and co-founder of The Iris Foundation, a nature conservancy organization.\nHe died on June 17, 2019.", "Q571925": "Gr\u00f6ningen is a town in the B\u00f6rde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It lies approx. 40 km south-west of Magdeburg, and 10 km east of Halberstadt. It has 3.621 inhabitants (December 2015). Gr\u00f6ningen is part of the Verbandsgemeinde Westliche B\u00f6rde.", "Q323586": "James Whitman \"Jim\" McLamore (May 30, 1926 \u2013 August 8, 1996) was creator and first CEO of the Burger King fast food franchise along with David Edgerton. He also created the Whopper sandwich. After selling Burger King to the Pillsbury Company in 1967, he remained CEO for 5 years. After retiring, he served on the board of several large corporations, was Chairman of the University of Miami, chaired the United Way and was a member and Chairman of the Orange Bowl Committee. He invested in the Miami Dolphins for several years and reinvested in the educational institutions that impacted him at Northfield Mount Hermon and Cornell University. He was also a gardener, and Chairman at Fairchild Tropical Gardens.", "Q2543768": "Walter Brun (born 20 October 1942) is a Swiss former racing driver and founder of Brun Motorsport. He also co-founded the Formula One team EuroBrun with Giampaolo Pavanello.", "Q5356": "Gautier de Coincy (1177\u20131236) was a French abbot, poet and musical arranger, chiefly known for his devotion to the Virgin Mary.\nWhile he served as prior of Vic-sur-Aisne he compiled Les Miracles de Nostre-Dame (known in English as The Miracles of Notre Dame or The Miracles of Our Lady) in which he set poems in praise of the Virgin Mary to popular melodies and songs of his day. It is a reverential but humorous work, full of love for the cult of the Virgin Mary, which at that time also received attention from Saint Bernard of Clairvaux who was the leading medieval proponent of veneration of the Virgin as a counterbalance to the more rigorous Christian scholasticism, then the dominating spiritual force.\nUnlike Clairvaux's more sombre tomes, de Coincy's book (whilst sharing much of the same ideological bedrock) tends more towards the indulgent or soft-hearted. Many of the songs de Coincy wrote were set to popular ballads then in vogue at the royal court, or borrowed the tune of pastoral or romantic ditties. The Miracles of Our Lady is one of the most popular works of Marianist literature from the period and it encapsulates a very particular set of Christian values, which saw in the Virgin Mary the most benevolent and humanistic aspect of salvation, intercession and mercy. Many of the songs are concerned with the key elements of the Virgin's earthly life - her conception, her birth, her childhood, her youth in the Temple, the events recorded in the Biblical gospels and her Dormition; the poems and stories are generally more concerned with her modern-day miracles.\nOn the subject of the Virgin's interaction with the contemporary faithful, one modern historian describes de Coincy's view of Mary thus: -\n\"The more raffish the Virgin's suppliant, the better she likes him. The miracles' heroes are liars, thieves, adulterers, and fornicators, footloose students, pregnant nuns, unruly and lazy clerics, and eloping monks. On the single condition that they sing her praises, usually by reciting the Ave Maria, and show due respect for the miracle of the Incarnation wrought in her, they can do no [fundamental] wrong. Her justice is loyalty to her own: whatever his conduct, anyone pledged to her protection is her liegeman and she his responsible suzerain. Through her the whole gay crew of wanton, loving, weak humanity finds its way to Paradise...\" In many ways, de Coincy rejected the strict Pauline morality that would come to characterise later denominations of Christianity, especially counter-Reformation Catholicism and Protestantism, which placed a great effort on self-denial and renunciation. In their immediate context, they were written to please de Coincy's own congregation and to present a softer form of Christianity in reaction to the hardline stance of the nearby cathedral-chapter at Beauvais, which had staged various plays savagely satirising secular pursuits as inherently wrong and damaging to one's spiritual life. This perhaps explain why de Coincy chose to express his own more liberal, Marianist views through the same exploitation of secular forms of presentation - in his case, poems and music.\nMuch of de Coincy's music is still performed and recorded, most recently by The Harp Consort.", "Q103822": "Werner Kern (February 9, 1906 in Tiengen, southern Black Forest \u2013 January 18, 1985 ) was a German chemist.", "Q61091": "Christian Dietrich Grabbe (11 December 1801 \u2013 12 September 1836) was a German dramatist of the Vorm\u00e4rz era. He wrote many historical plays conceiving a disillusioned and pessimistic world view, with some shrill scenes. Heinrich Heine saw him as one of Germany's foremost dramatists, calling him \"a drunken Shakespeare\" and Sigmund Freud described Grabbe as \"an original and rather peculiar poet.\"\n\n", "Q614877": "Fujin (simplified Chinese: \u5bcc\u9526; traditional Chinese: \u5bcc\u9326; pinyin: F\u00f9j\u01d0n) is a county-level city in the east of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Jiamusi.\n\n", "Q2427588": "Robert Kevin Rose (born February 21, 1977) is an American Internet entrepreneur who co-founded Revision3, Digg, Pownce, and Milk. He also served as production assistant and co-host at TechTV's The Screen Savers. From 2012 to 2015, he was a venture partner at GV.", "Q48403": "Amritsar (Punjabi: [\u0259m\u02d0\u02c8\u027e\u026ats\u0259\u027e] (listen)), historically also known as R\u0101md\u0101spur and colloquially as Ambarsar, is a city in northwestern India which is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district and is located in the Majha region of the Indian state of Punjab.\nAccording to the 2011 census, the population of Amritsar was 1,132,761. It is one of the ten Municipal Corporations in the state and Karamjit Singh Rintu is the current mayor of the city. The city is situated 217 km (135 mi) northwest of state capital Chandigarh and 455 km (283 miles) northwest of New Delhi, the national capital. It is near Pakistan, with the Wagah Border being only 28 km (17.4 mi) away.\nAmritsar has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for HRIDAY - Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India. Amritsar is home to Harmandir Sahib, popularly known as \"the Golden Temple,\" one of Sikhism's most spiritually significant and most-visited gurudwaras. The city is also known for its wooden chessboards and chess pieces manufacturing industry.", "Q420": "Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution. Despite the complexity of the science, there are certain unifying concepts that consolidate it into a single, coherent field. Biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the creation and extinction of species. Living organisms are open systems that survive by transforming energy and decreasing their local entropy to maintain a stable and vital condition defined as homeostasis.Sub-disciplines of biology are defined by the research methods employed and the kind of system studied: theoretical biology uses mathematical methods to formulate quantitative models while experimental biology performs empirical experiments to test the validity of proposed theories and understand the mechanisms underlying life and how it appeared and evolved from non-living matter about 4 billion years ago through a gradual increase in the complexity of the system. See branches of biology.", "Q323592": "Little Senegal is a 2001 Algerian film directed by Rachid Bouchareb. It was Algeria's submission to the 73rd Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "Q716906": "Roger Williams (born Louis Jacob Weertz, October 1, 1924 \u2013 October 8, 2011) was an American popular music pianist. Described by the Los Angeles Times as \"one of the most popular instrumentalists of the mid-20th century\", and \"the rare instrumental pop artist to strike a lasting commercial chord,\" Williams had 22 hit singles \u2014 including the chart-topping \"Autumn Leaves\" in 1955 and \"Born Free\" in 1966 \u2014 and 38 hit albums between 1955 and 1972.He was a Navy boxing champion, played for nine U.S. Presidential administrations, and had a gold Steinway & Sons grand piano model named in his honor.\n\n", "Q49709": "Christian Weber (25 August 1883 in Polsingen \u2013 11 May 1945 in the Swabian Jura) was a German Nazi Party (NSDAP) official and member of the Schutzstaffel (SS).\n\n", "Q6923684": "Mount Sinai Memorial Parks and Mortuaries is the largest Jewish cemetery organization in California. The cemeteries are the final resting place for many Jews in the entertainment industry.", "Q1243705": "The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italian: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia), located in Modena and Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, is one of the oldest universities in Italy, founded in 1175, with a population of 20,000 students.\nThe medieval university disappeared by 1338 and was replaced by \"three public lectureships\" which did not award degrees and were suspended in the 1590s \"for lack of money\". The university was not reestablished in Modena until the 1680s and did not receive an imperial charter until 1685.Some famous students who attended the University include Ludovico Antonio Muratori, a noted Italian historian and scholar who graduated in 1694, the playwright Carlo Goldoni in the 17th century and, in the last century, Sandro Pertini, who became President of the Italian Republic.", "Q529582": "Philippa Duke Schuyler (; August 2, 1931 \u2013 May 9, 1967) was an American child prodigy, pianist, author, and journalist who became famous in the 1930s and 1940s as a result of her talent, mixed-race parentage, and the eccentric methods employed by her mother to bring her up.\nSchuyler was the daughter of George Schuyler, a prominent black essayist and journalist Josephine Cogdell, a white Texan and one-time Mack Sennett bathing beauty, from a former slave-owning family. Her parents believed that intermarriage could \"invigorate\" both races and produce extraordinary offspring. They also advocated that mixed-race marriage could help to solve many of the United States's social problems. \n\n", "Q207356": "William Saroyan (; August 31, 1908 \u2013 May 18, 1981) was an Armenian-American novelist, playwright, and short story writer. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1940, and in 1943 won the Academy Award for Best Story for the film adaptation of his novel The Human Comedy.\nSaroyan wrote extensively about the Armenian immigrant life in California. Many of his stories and plays are set in his native Fresno. Some of his best-known works are The Time of Your Life, My Name Is Aram and My Heart's in the Highlands.\nHe has been described in a Dickinson College news release as \"one of the most prominent literary figures of the mid-20th century\" and by Stephen Fry as \"one of the most underrated writers of the [20th] century.\" Fry suggests that \"he takes his place naturally alongside Hemingway, Steinbeck and Faulkner.\"", "Q665042": "Piz Pal\u00fc is a mountain in the Bernina Range of the Alps, located between Switzerland and Italy. It is a large glaciated massif composed of three main summits, on a ridge running from west to east. The main (and central) summit is 3,900 metres high and is located within the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden, although the border with the Italian region of Lombardy runs about 100 metres west of it at almost the same height (3,898 m). The western summit (3,823 m; on the international border) is named Piz Spinas and is the only one not covered by ice. The eastern summit (3,882 m; within Switzerland) is named Piz Pal\u00fc Orientale. The name Pal\u00fc derives from the Latin palus, meaning a swamp, and the mountain is said to be named after the Alpe Pal\u00fc, a high alpine pasture some 4 km to its east.", "Q519441": "Andrew Abraham (born 16 July 1964 in North London, England) is a British singer. He was the runner-up in the second UK series of TV talent show The X Factor in 2005 to Shayne Ward, and also represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008.\nBefore applying for The X Factor, Abraham was a refuse collector. Prior to this, he worked as a bus driver for Arriva London North based at Palmers Green bus garage. Abraham has two children by his wife Denise, a daughter called Tara and a son called Jacob. He is of Grenadian descent.", "Q103836": "Josef Felder (24 August 1900 \u2013 28 October 2000) was a German politician. He was one of the 94 Social Democratic members of the Reichstag who voted against the Nazi Enabling Act of 1933. He was also the last to die of the 94 who voted against this act.\nHe participated in the famous The Nazis: A Warning From History television series which was produced and broadcast by the BBC. Topics of discussion included the imprisonment of the Nazi's political opponents and Dachau, a Nazi concentration camp outside Munich, where he himself was sent.", "Q95662": "Ellen Franz (30 May 1839 \u2013 24 March 1923) was a German pianist and actress.\n\n", "Q322854": "David Ara\u00fajo Antunes (born 30 July 1991), better known by his artistic name David Carreira, is a Portuguese singer, actor and model. His debut album N.1 (2011) reached number 1 in the Portuguese charts and follow-up A for\u00e7a est\u00e1 em n\u00f3s to number 2 in Portugal. Singing in Portuguese, English and French, he has developed an international career and is particularly known in French markets as well with a number of successful singles including \"Obrigado la famille\" and \"Boom\".", "Q3286546": "Respiratory diseases, or lung diseases, are pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals. They include conditions of the respiratory tract including the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleurae, pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles of respiration. Respiratory diseases range from mild and self-limiting, such as the common cold, to life-threatening diseases such as bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, acute asthma and lung cancer.The study of respiratory disease is known as pulmonology. A doctor who specializes in respiratory disease is known as a pulmonologist, a chest medicine specialist, a respiratory medicine specialist, a respirologist or a thoracic medicine specialist.\nRespiratory diseases can be classified in many different ways, including by the organ or tissue involved, by the type and pattern of associated signs and symptoms, or by the cause of the disease.", "Q61085": "Walter Momper (born 21 February 1945) is a German politician and former Governing Mayor of Berlin (West Berlin 1989\u20131990, reunited Berlin 1990\u20131991). Whilst Governing Mayor, he served as President of the Bundesrat in 1989/90. He was at the opening of the Brandenburg Gate on 22 December 1989 and, on 3 October 1990, became the first mayor of a reunited Berlin.\nHe was born in Sulingen (near Bremen), today Lower Saxony, and is a member of the SPD (Social Democrats).\nMomper went to school in Bremen. After leaving school in 1964 he began studying political science, history and economics at the Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, Munich and at the Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, which he left in 1969 as a graduate in political science. He became a research assistant at the Institute of Political Sciences at the FU Berlin. In 1970 he became a research fellow at the Secret Prussian State Archives of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. From 1972 to 1986 he was a research associate and director of the Historical Commission at Berlin. After a time during which Momper was exclusively concerned in politics, from 1992 to 1993 he was the director of the Dr. Elling GmbH. Since August 1993 he has been managing partner of Momper Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH in Berlin. Critics and politicians of other parties have repeatedly criticised him over the links between his political and business activities, for example when he advised the IKEA group about its plans to establish itself in the East of Berlin.\n\n", "Q539791": "William James Perry (born October 11, 1927) is an American mathematician, engineer, businessman, and civil servant who was the United States Secretary of Defense from February 3, 1994, to January 23, 1997, under President Bill Clinton. He also served as Deputy Secretary of Defense (1993\u20131994) and Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (1977\u20131981).\nPerry is the Michael and Barbara Berberian Professor (emeritus) at Stanford University, with a joint appointment at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and the School of Engineering. He is also a senior fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. He serves as director of the Preventive Defense Project. He is an expert in U.S. foreign policy, national security and arms control. In 2013 he founded the William J. Perry Project, a non-profit effort to educate the public on the current dangers of nuclear weapons.Perry also has extensive business experience and serves on the boards of several high-tech companies. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Among Perry's numerous awards are the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1997), Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (1998) and the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (2002), awarded by the Emperor of Japan.", "Q132433": "Yuki Kajiura (\u68b6\u6d66 \u7531\u8a18, Kajiura Yuki, born August 6, 1965, in Tokyo) is a Japanese musician, composer and record producer. She has provided the music for several popular anime series, such as the final Kimagure Orange Road movie, Noir, .hack//Sign, Aquarian Age, Madlax, My-HiME, My-Otome, Pandora Hearts, Puella Magi Madoka Magica, Fate/Zero, Sword Art Online, Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle and the Kara no Kyoukai movies (amongst others). She also assisted Toshihiko Sahashi with Mobile Suit Gundam SEED and Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny. Kajiura has also composed for video games, including the cutscene music for Xenosaga II and the entire Xenosaga III game soundtrack. She composed the music for NHK's April 2014 morning drama (asadora) Hanako to Anne.", "Q66932": "Zuzwil is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q124251": "Albert B\u00e9guin (17 July 1901 \u2013 3 May 1957) was a Swiss academic and translator. He married the French writer Raymonde Vincent (1908\u20131985), winner of the Prix Femina in 1937.\n\n", "Q305233": "Takeshi Aono (\u9752\u91ce \u6b66, Aono Takeshi, June 19, 1936 \u2013 April 9, 2012) was a Japanese actor, voice actor and narrator from Asahikawa, Hokkaid\u014d. He was attached to Aoni Production at the time of his death. He graduated from Hokkaid\u014d Asahikawa Higashi High School.", "Q435801": "Peter Michael Senge (born 1947) is an American systems scientist who is a senior lecturer at the MIT Sloan School of Management, co-faculty at the New England Complex Systems Institute, and the founder of the Society for Organizational Learning. He is known as the author of the book The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization (1990, rev. 2006).", "Q175778": "Monsignor Corrado Balducci (born May 11, 1923, in Italy; died September 20, 2008 in Italy) was a Roman Catholic theologian of the Vatican Curia, a close friend of the pope, a long-time exorcist for the Archdiocese of Rome, and a Prelate of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and the Society for the Propagation of the Faith. He has written several books about the subliminal messages in rock and metal music, diabolic possessions, and extraterrestrials.", "Q387542": "Rent: Filmed Live on Broadway is a 2008 film of the final performance of the original Broadway production of the musical Rent on September 7, 2008, with some footage of the closing night celebration. The film had a limited theatrical release between September 24 and 28, 2008, in more than 500 theaters with high definition digital projection systems in the US and Canada. According to Sony Pictures Releasing President Rory Bruer, it was the first live Broadway show to be available in major North American movie theaters. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on February 3, 2009.\nThe film is assembled from footage shot at the September 7 performance as well as a day of shooting on August 20. It includes a reprise of \"Seasons of Love\" featuring both the final cast and cast members from past productions, including the original Broadway cast following the finale of the show proper.", "Q452642": "Amal Al-Jubouri (born 1967) is an Iraqi writer, poet, translator, journalist and publisher.", "Q353075": "The Fortunes are an English harmony beat group. Formed in Birmingham, the Fortunes first came to prominence and international acclaim in 1965, when \"You've Got Your Troubles\" broke into the US and UK Top 10s. Afterwards, they had a succession of hits including \"Here It Comes Again\" and \"Here Comes That Rainy Day Feeling Again\"; continuing into the 1970s with more globally successful releases such as \"Storm in a Teacup\" and \"Freedom Come, Freedom Go\".\nIn 1966, their manager, Reginald Calvert, was shot dead in a dispute over pirate radio stations.", "Q962308": "Sir John Betjeman (; 28 August 1906 \u2013 19 May 1984) was an English poet, writer, and broadcaster who described himself in Who's Who as a \"poet and hack\". He was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1972 until his death.\nHe was a founding member of the Victorian Society and a passionate defender of Victorian architecture, notably helping to save St Pancras railway station from demolition. He began his career as a journalist and ended it as one of the most popular British Poets Laureate and a much-loved figure on British television.", "Q961601": "Miren Uxue Barkos Berruezo (born 5 July 1964 in Pamplona), simply known as Uxue Barkos, is a Spanish journalist and politician who served as the President of Navarre from 2015 to 2019. She previously represented the Basque coalition Geroa Bai (Basque for Yes to the Future), and before that, Nafarroa Bai (Basque For Yes to Navarre), in the Spanish Congress of Deputies.", "Q763341": "Jacques Heath Futrelle (April 9, 1875 \u2013 April 15, 1912) was an American journalist and mystery writer. He is best known for writing short detective stories featuring Professor Augustus S. F. X. Van Dusen, also known as \"The Thinking Machine\" for his use of logic. He died in the sinking of the RMS Titanic.", "Q2489707": "The Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (Russian: \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043c. \u041c.\u0412.\u041a\u0435\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0448\u0430) is a research institute specializing in computational mathematics. It was established to solve computational tasks related to government programs of nuclear and fusion energy, space research and missile technology. The Institute is a part of the Department of Mathematical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The main direction of activity of the institute is the use of computer technology to solve complex scientific and technical issues of practical importance. Since 2016, development of mathematical and computational methods for biological research, as well as a direct solution to the problems of computational biology with the use of such methods, has also been included in the circle of scientific activities of the institute.\n\n", "Q298310": "David Bisbal Ferre (born 5 June 1979) is a Spanish singer, songwriter, and actor. He gained his initial fame as a runner-up on the interactive reality television show Operaci\u00f3n Triunfo.\nHe has since released five studio albums, all of which topped the Spanish Albums Chart, in addition to recording a number of live albums. He has toured throughout Europe and Latin America and is now considered to be a crossover international artist.\nAs of 2019, David Bisbal has sold more than six million records in Spain and America, getting 69 platinum albums, 20 gold and two diamond. Coraz\u00f3n Latino and Buler\u00eda treasure each one IFPI Platinum Award, official certification for selling over one million copies across Europe.", "Q42884": "Germans (German: Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history. German is the shared mother tongue of a substantial majority of ethnic Germans.\nThe English term Germans has historically referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages. Ever since the outbreak of the Protestant Reformation within the Holy Roman Empire, German society has been characterized by a Catholic-Protestant divide.Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans. There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million. Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).\nToday, people from countries with German-speaking majorities which were earlier part of the Holy Roman Empire, (such as Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and other historically-tied countries like Luxembourg), most often subscribe to their own national identities and may or may not also self-identify as ethnically German.", "Q80509": "Keep 'Em Flying (aka Up in the Air) is a 1941 film starring the comedy team of Abbott and Costello. The film was their third service comedy based on the peacetime draft of 1940. The comedy team had appeared in two previous service comedies in 1941, before the United States entered the war: Buck Privates, released in January, and In the Navy, released in May. Flying Cadets, along with Keep 'Em Flying were both produced by Universal Pictures in 1941.\nThe film's title is taken from the official motto of the U.S. Army Air Corps, some five months after it had been reformed into the USAAF. Keep 'Em Flying reflected the \"spirit of the times\" and encouraged many young men to volunteer for flight training.\"", "Q98346": "Josef Brunner (August 12, 1928 \u2013 January 25, 2012) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. From 1980 to 1987 and also May-October 1990, he was a member of the German Bundestag.", "Q503419": "The University of Arizona (Arizona, U of A, UArizona, or UA) is a public research university in Tucson, Arizona. Founded in 1885, the UofA was the first university in the Arizona Territory. As of 2018, the university enrolls 45,217 students in 19 separate colleges/schools, including the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson and Phoenix and the James E. Rogers College of Law, and is affiliated with two academic medical centers (Banner - University Medical Center Tucson and Banner - University Medical Center Phoenix). The University of Arizona is governed by the Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona is one of the elected members of the Association of American Universities and is the only representative from the state of Arizona to this group.\nKnown as the Arizona Wildcats (often shortened to \"Cats\"), the UA's intercollegiate athletic teams are members of the Pac-12 Conference of the NCAA. UA athletes have won national titles in several sports, most notably men's basketball, baseball, and softball. The official colors of the university and its athletic teams are cardinal red and navy blue.", "Q7555": "Judith [Jude] Milhon (1939 \u2013 July 19, 2003), in Washington D.C., best known by her pseudonym St. Jude, was a hacker and author in the San Francisco Bay Area.\nMilhon coined the term cypherpunk and was a founding member of the cypherpunks. On July 19, 2003, Milhon died of cancer.", "Q13375": "Pisa ( PEE-z\u0259, Italian: [\u02c8pi\u02d0za] (listen) or [\u02c8pi\u02d0sa]) is a city and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower (the bell tower of the city's cathedral), the city of over 91,104 residents (around 200,000 with the metropolitan area) contains more than 20 other historic churches, several medieval palaces, and various bridges across the Arno. Much of the city's architecture was financed from its history as one of the Italian maritime republics.\nThe city is also home of the University of Pisa, which has a history going back to the 12th century and also has the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, founded by Napoleon in 1810, and its offshoot, the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, as the best-sanctioned Superior Graduate Schools in Italy.", "Q460196": "Jane Dieulafoy (29 June 1851 \u2013 25 May 1916) was a French archaeologist, explorer, novelist and journalist. She was the wife of Marcel-Auguste Dieulafoy. Together with her husband, she is known for her excavations at Susa.", "Q1124": "William Jefferson Clinton (n\u00e9 Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to his presidency, he served as governor of Arkansas (1979\u20131981 and 1983\u20131992) and as attorney general of Arkansas (1977\u20131979). A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was known as a New Democrat, and many of his policies reflected a centrist \"Third Way\" political philosophy. He is the husband of former secretary of state and former U.S. senator Hillary Clinton.\nClinton was born and raised in Arkansas and attended Georgetown University, University College, Oxford, and Yale Law School. He met Hillary Rodham at Yale and married her in 1975. After graduating from law school, Clinton returned to Arkansas and won election as the attorney general of Arkansas, serving from 1977 to 1979. He later served as governor of Arkansas. As governor, he overhauled the state's education system and served as chairman of the National Governors Association. Clinton was elected president in 1992, defeating incumbent Republican opponent George H. W. Bush. At age 46, he became the third-youngest president in history.\nClinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history. He signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement, but failed to pass his plan for national health care reform. In the 1994 elections, the Republican Party won unified control of Congress for the first time in 40 years. In 1996, Clinton became the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to be elected to a second full term. He passed welfare reform and the State Children's Health Insurance Program, as well as financial deregulation measures. During the last three years of Clinton's presidency, the Congressional Budget Office reported a budget surplus\u2014the first such surplus since 1969. In foreign policy, Clinton ordered U.S. military intervention in the Bosnian and Kosovo wars, signed the Iraq Liberation Act in opposition to Saddam Hussein, participated in the 2000 Camp David Summit to advance the Israeli\u2013Palestinian peace process, and assisted the Northern Ireland peace process. In 1998, Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives, becoming the second U.S. president to be impeached, after Andrew Johnson. The impeachment was based on accusations that Clinton committed perjury and obstruction of justice for the purpose of concealing his affair with Monica Lewinsky, a 22-year-old White House intern. He was acquitted by the Senate and completed his term in office.\nClinton left office with the highest end-of-office approval rating of any U.S. president since World War II, and has continually received high scores in the historical rankings of U.S. presidents. Since leaving office, he has been involved in public speaking and humanitarian work. He created the William J. Clinton Foundation to address international causes such as the prevention of AIDS and global warming. In 2004, Clinton published his autobiography, My Life. In 2009, he was named the United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti and after the 2010 Haiti earthquake, he teamed up with George W. Bush to form the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund. In addition, he secured the release of two American journalists imprisoned by North Korea, visiting the capital Pyongyang in 2009 and negotiating their release with then-North Korean leader Kim Jong-il.", "Q255376": "The Client is a 1994 American legal thriller film directed by Joel Schumacher, and starring Susan Sarandon, Tommy Lee Jones, Brad Renfro, Mary-Louise Parker, Anthony LaPaglia, Anthony Edwards, and Ossie Davis. It is based on the eponymous novel by John Grisham. The film was released in the United States on July 20, 1994.", "Q108963": "Jens P\u00fchse (born 22 January 1972) is an extreme right-wing German politician from Wilhelmshaven. He is a member of the German National Democratic Party (NPD).\nIn 1987 he became a member of the Junge Nationaldemokraten (JN), but he left the organization in 1990 because he perceived it to be too liberal. Subsequently, he joined the Nationalistische Front (NF) until it was banned by the government in November 1992. In 1994 he came back to JN and he became the leader of NPD Freising in 1997. In the 2004 Landtag election in Saxony he acquired 6.3% of the votes.", "Q3314030": "Mildred Mary Petre (10 November 1895 \u2013 21 May 1990) was a British record-breaking racing motorist, speedboat racer and aviator in the 1920s and 1930s, and later, successful businesswoman. Commonly referred to as Mrs Victor Bruce, she was also known in contemporary references as Mary Petre Bruce, Mildred Bruce, Mildred Mary Bruce and Mary Victor Bruce.\n\n", "Q120989": "Hermann J. Huber (31 October 1954 \u2013 28 July 2009) was a German journalist and writer. He was born in Moosbach.\n\n", "Q437970": "David Ryan Adams (born November 5, 1974) is an American singer-songwriter, record producer, and poet. He has released 16 albums, as well as three studio albums as a former member of rock/alt-country band Whiskeytown.\nIn 2000, Adams left Whiskeytown and released his debut solo album, Heartbreaker, to critical acclaim. The album was nominated for the Shortlist Music Prize. The following year, his profile increased with the release of the UK certified-gold Gold, which included the hit single, \"New York, New York\". During this time, Adams worked on several unreleased albums, which were consolidated into a third solo release, Demolition (2002). Working at a prolific rate, Adams released the classic rock-influenced Rock N Roll (2003), after a planned album, Love Is Hell, was rejected by his label Lost Highway. As a compromise, Love Is Hell was released as two EPs and eventually released in its full-length state in 2004.\nAfter breaking his wrist during a live performance, Adams took a short-lived break, and formed The Cardinals, a backing band that accompanied him on his next four studio albums. In 2009, after the release of Cardinology (2009), Adams disbanded The Cardinals and announced an extended break from music due to complications from M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease. The break-up of Ryan Adams & The Cardinals was also attributed to the death of Ryan's childhood friend and active bass player Chris Feinstein in 2009. Chris was known to his friends and band-mates as \u201cSpacewolf\u201d. The following year, however, Adams resumed performing and released his Glyn Johns-produced thirteenth studio album, Ashes & Fire, in late 2011. The album peaked at No. 7 on the Billboard 200. In September 2014, Adams released his fourteenth album, Ryan Adams, on his own PAX AM label, and formed a new backing band, The Shining, to support the release.\nIn 2015, Adams released 1989, a song-for-song cover of Taylor Swift's album of the same name, and worked on up to eighty songs for an album influenced by his divorce from actress and singer-songwriter Mandy Moore. The album, Prisoner, was released in 2017.\nIn 2019, Adams announced three albums to be released that year. However, the release of these albums was cancelled after several women, including a minor, came forward with sexual misconduct allegations against Adams.\nIn addition to his own material, Adams has also produced albums for Willie Nelson, Jesse Malin, Jenny Lewis, and Fall Out Boy, and has collaborated with Counting Crows, Weezer, Norah Jones, America, Minnie Driver, Cowboy Junkies, Leona Naess, Toots and the Maytals, Beth Orton and Krista Polvere. He has written Infinity Blues, a book of poems, and Hello Sunshine, a collection of poems and short stories.", "Q1250779": "The Maxim Gorky Literature Institute (Russian: \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u043c. \u0410. \u041c. \u0413\u043e\u0440\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e) is an institution of higher education in Moscow. It is located at 25 Tverskoy Boulevard in central Moscow.", "Q745386": "K\u00e1roly Molter (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8ka\u02d0roj \u02c8molt\u025br]; 2 December 1890 \u2013 30 November 1981) was a Hungarian novelist, dramatist, literary critic, journalist and academic. He spent most of his life in the region of Transylvania, being successively a national of Austria-Hungary and Romania.", "Q160375": "Antonia Rados (born 15 June 1953 in Klagenfurt, Carinthia) is an Austrian television journalist working for RTL Television since 1993.\nNowadays a political scientist with a PhD, Rados began her career in 1978 at ORF. Working as a foreign correspondent for Austrian national radio from the late 1970s to the early 1990s, she gained a reputation as a crisis reporter, most notably for her first-hand coverage of the Romanian Revolution of 1989. In 1991 she joined WDR as a special correspondent, and left in 1993 to join RTL Television. Her live coverage from Baghdad during the Iraq War brought her attention on a national level. Antonia Rados' coverage from Baghdad in 2003 was highly praised in the field of TV reporting, and consequently she won several prizes including the Hanns Joachim Friedrichs Media Award for TV journalism. She shifted to ZDF, a public-service TV broadcaster, for a short time in 2008, but returned to RTL within the same year. In March 2011, she interviewed Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi.The veteran war correspondent and Middle East expert made a name for herself mainly with her dedicated reporting and features from war zones. Rados has also won awards for her documentaries: in 2007, she received the Robert Geisend\u00f6rfer Award and the German Camera Award for Feuertod, her moving feature about Afghani women who choose to set themselves on fire rather than go on living. In August 2011, she was nominated for an International Emmy Award in the \"Current Affairs\" category for a documentary about pirate activities in Hobyo, Somalia. Rados lives with her spouse in Paris, France.", "Q176517": "Reunion in Vienna is a 1933 American pre-Code romantic drama produced and distributed by MGM. Sidney Franklin served as director. The film stars John Barrymore in a story taken from a stage play, Reunion in Vienna, by Robert Emmet Sherwood.", "Q7994501": "White British is an ethnicity classification used in the 2011 United Kingdom Census. In the 2011 census, the White British population was 51,736,290, 81.9% of the UK total population (NB: This total includes the population estimate for Northern Ireland, where only the term 'White' is used in ethnic classification. National identity is listed separately in NI, where 40% classified themselves as British, making up a significant portion of the population, along with those specifying their national identity as Irish).", "Q97713": "Bernhard Sinkel (born 19 January 1940) is a German film director and screenwriter. He directed seven films between 1975 and 1993. He co-shared the Special Recognition award at the 28th Berlin International Film Festival for the film Germany in Autumn. His film Put on Ice was entered into the 1980 Cannes Film Festival.Bernhard Sinkel worked together with Alf Brustellin as a director and screenwriter team until Brustellin's death 1981.", "Q202548": "Vertigo is a 1958 American film noir psychological thriller film directed and produced by Alfred Hitchcock. The story was based on the 1954 novel D'entre les morts (From Among the Dead) by Boileau-Narcejac. The screenplay was written by Alec Coppel and Samuel A. Taylor.\nThe film stars James Stewart as former police detective John \"Scottie\" Ferguson. Scottie is forced into early retirement because an incident in the line of duty has caused him to develop acrophobia (an extreme fear of heights) and vertigo (a false sense of rotational movement). Scottie is hired by an acquaintance, Gavin Elster, as a private investigator to follow Gavin's wife Madeleine (Kim Novak), who is behaving strangely.\nThe film was shot on location in San Francisco, California, and at Paramount Studios in Hollywood. It is the first film to use the dolly zoom, an in-camera effect that distorts perspective to create disorientation, to convey Scottie's acrophobia. As a result of its use in this film, the effect is often referred to as \"the Vertigo effect\".\nVertigo received mixed reviews upon initial release, but is now often cited as a classic Hitchcock film and one of the defining works of his career. Attracting significant scholarly criticism, it replaced Citizen Kane (1941) as the greatest film ever made in the 2012 British Film Institute's Sight & Sound critics' poll. In 1996, the film underwent a major restoration to create a new 70 mm print and DTS soundtrack. It has appeared repeatedly in polls of the best films by the American Film Institute, including a 2007 ranking as the ninth-greatest American movie of all time.", "Q74488": "Mirko Lang is a German actor, who has appeared in many different screenplays, television shows, as well as stage productions. Born in October 1978 in Bremen, Germany, he currently lives in Berlin. After doing his Abitur he started studying music and theatre in Hannover, where he also had his first appearances on stage. While still studying, he starred in several motion pictures including Engel and Joe (where he had a leading part) and Das Wunder von Bern, which was a popular German movie. He finished studying in 2002 and won a Talent Award for being the best talented young actor in Germany. Since then, he has been working as an independent actor.", "Q446151": "Anna Kuliscioff (or Anna Kulischov, Kulisciov; Russian: \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0451\u0432\u0430; born Anna Moiseyeva Rosenstein (\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d); 9 January 1857 \u2013 27 December 1925) was a Jewish Russian revolutionary, a prominent feminist, an anarchist influenced by Mikhail Bakunin, and eventually a Marxist socialist militant; she was mainly active in Italy, where she was one of the first women graduated in Medicine.", "Q53037": "Ettore Scola (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025bttore \u02c8sk\u0254\u02d0la]; 10 May 1931 \u2013 19 January 2016) was an Italian screenwriter and film director. He received a Golden Globe for Best Foreign Film in 1978 for his film A Special Day and over the course of his film career was nominated for five Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film.", "Q352": "Adolf Hitler (German: [\u02c8ad\u0254lf \u02c8h\u026atl\u0250] (listen); 20 April 1889 \u2013 30 April 1945) was a German politician and leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP). He rose to power as the chancellor of Germany in 1933 and then as F\u00fchrer in 1934. During his dictatorship from 1933 to 1945, he initiated World War II in Europe by invading Poland on 1 September 1939. He was closely involved in military operations throughout the war and was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust.\nHitler was born in Austria\u2014then part of Austria-Hungary\u2014and was raised near Linz. He moved to Germany in 1913 and was decorated during his service in the German Army in World War I. In 1919, he joined the German Workers' Party (DAP), the precursor of the NSDAP, and was appointed leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923, he attempted to seize power in a failed coup in Munich and was imprisoned. In jail, he dictated the first volume of his autobiography and political manifesto Mein Kampf (\"My Struggle\"). After his release in 1924, Hitler gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism, anti-semitism and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda. He frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as part of a Jewish conspiracy.\nBy November 1932, the Nazi Party had the most seats in the German Reichstag but did not have a majority. As a result, no party was able to form a majority parliamentary coalition in support of a candidate for chancellor. Former chancellor Franz von Papen and other conservative leaders persuaded President Paul von Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as chancellor on 30 January 1933. Shortly after, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act of 1933 which began the process of transforming the Weimar Republic into Nazi Germany, a one-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of National Socialism. Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New Order to counter what he saw as the injustice of the post-World War I international order dominated by Britain and France. His first six years in power resulted in rapid economic recovery from the Great Depression, the abrogation of restrictions imposed on Germany after World War I, and the annexation of territories inhabited by millions of ethnic Germans, which gave him significant popular support.\nHitler sought Lebensraum (\"living space\") for the German people in Eastern Europe, and his aggressive foreign policy is considered the primary cause of World War II in Europe. He directed large-scale rearmament and, on 1 September 1939, invaded Poland, resulting in Britain and France declaring war on Germany. In June 1941, Hitler ordered an invasion of the Soviet Union. By the end of 1941, German forces and the European Axis powers occupied most of Europe and North Africa. These gains were gradually reversed after 1941, and in 1945 the Allied armies defeated the German army. On 29 April 1945, he married his longtime lover Eva Braun. Less than two days later, the couple committed suicide to avoid capture by the Soviet Red Army. Their corpses were burned. \nUnder Hitler's leadership and racially motivated ideology, the Nazi regime was responsible for the genocide of about 6 million Jews and millions of other victims whom he and his followers deemed Untermenschen (subhumans) or socially undesirable. Hitler and the Nazi regime were also responsible for the killing of an estimated 19.3 million civilians and prisoners of war. In addition, 28.7 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European theatre. The number of civilians killed during World War II was unprecedented in warfare, and the casualties constitute the deadliest conflict in history.\nHitler's actions and Nazi ideology are almost universally regarded as gravely immoral. According to Ian Kershaw, \"Never in history has such ruination\u2014physical and moral\u2014been associated with the name of one man.\"", "Q19658": "Cenk Kadir Uygur (; Turkish: [\u02c8d\u0292e\u0272c ka\u02c8di\u027e \u02c8uj\u0261u\u027e]; born March 21, 1970) is a Turkish-American journalist, activist, and political commentator. Uygur is the creator of The Young Turks (TYT), an American progressive sociopolitical news and commentary program. Before beginning his career as a political commentator, he worked briefly as an associate attorney in Washington, D.C. and New York City. As a young man, Uygur supported social conservative positions on abortion, affirmative action, and feminism in the United States. Over time his views changed, ever since identifying as a progressive. Uygur supports Medicare for All, the Green New Deal, and the public financing of elections. He is also the co-founder of Justice Democrats.\nIn addition to hosting The Young Turks, Uygur appeared on MSNBC as a political commentator. From January to June 2011, he hosted a weeknight commentary show on the network; he was replaced by Al Sharpton. After leaving MSNBC, Uygur secured another weeknight commentary show on Current TV, which aired from December 5, 2011, to August 15, 2013. From 2012 to 2013, he was the chief news officer at Current TV, succeeding Keith Olbermann.Uygur was a candidate for California's 25th congressional district in the 2020 special election to succeed former Representative Katie Hill, who resigned in 2019, but was defeated in the Democratic primary.\n\n", "Q231182": "Kelly Michelle Lee Osbourne (born 27 October 1984) is a British media personality, singer-songwriter, actress, author, model and fashion designer. The daughter of Ozzy and Sharon Osbourne (n\u00e9e Levy), she is known for her appearances on The Osbournes with her family, for which they won a 2002 Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality Program, as well as on E!'s Fashion Police, where she was a presenter from 2010 to 2015. She has also appeared on Dancing with the Stars, in which she and her professional dance partner Louis van Amstel took third place. She is the voice of Hildy Gloom in the Disney XD animated series The 7D. She was also a judge on both Australia's Got Talent and Project Runway Junior.", "Q123258": "Fukuoka Prefecture (Japanese: \u798f\u5ca1\u770c, Hepburn: Fukuoka-ken) is a prefecture of Japan on Ky\u016bsh\u016b Island. The capital is the city of Fukuoka. As of 2018, it is the ninth most populated prefecture in Japan.", "Q77181": "Emil Jannings (born Theodor Friedrich Emil Janenz, 23 July 1884 \u2013 2 January 1950) was a German actor, popular in the 1920s in Hollywood. He was the first Oscar recipient, honored with the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 1929 ceremony. Jannings is the only German ever to have won that award.\nJannings is best known for his collaborations with F. W. Murnau and Josef von Sternberg, including 1930's The Blue Angel, with Marlene Dietrich. Der blaue Engel was meant as a vehicle for Jannings to score a place for himself in the new medium of sound film, but Dietrich stole the show. Jannings later starred in a number of Nazi propaganda films, which made him unemployable as an actor after the fall of the Third Reich.", "Q965301": "Scott Ross (March 1, 1951 \u2013 June 13, 1989) was a United States-born harpsichordist who lived in France and Canada for many years. His recordings include the first complete recording by a single performer of the 555 harpsichord sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti.", "Q115932": "Daniel Bernhardt (born 31 August 1965) is a Swiss actor, model, and martial artist.", "Q3308419": "Michael O'Neill (born May 29, 1951) is an American actor.", "Q125629": "Salomon Jacob Cohen (23 December 1771 - 20 February 1845; \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05db\u05d4\u05df; also known as Shalom ben Jacob Cohen, Shalom Jacob Cohen, SJ Cohn, Salomon Hakohen, Shalom HaKohen and other name variants) was a German Jewish Hebrew scholar, teacher, writer and translator of the Bible, and an important representative of the Haskalah in Berlin, Hamburg and Vienna.", "Q904933": "Sir Richard Brook Sykes, HonFREng (born 7 August 1942) is chairman of the Royal Institution and Imperial College Healthcare, and Chancellor of Brunel University. Sykes also chairs the UK Stem Cell Foundation and is Non-executive director of Lonza AG.", "Q285341": "Mark Arm (born Mark Thomas McLaughlin; February 21, 1962) is an American singer and songwriter, best known as the vocalist for the grunge band Mudhoney. His former group, Green River, is one of the first grunge bands, along with Malfunkshun, Soundgarden, Skin Yard, the U-Men, and others. He is also the manager of the Sub Pop warehouse and previously worked at Fantagraphics Books.", "Q82478": "George Clinton (June 6, 1771 \u2013 September 16, 1809) was a Representative from New York and served in the Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Congresses.", "Q217623": "The Daily Mirror is a British national daily tabloid newspaper founded in 1903. It is owned by parent company Reach plc. From 1985 to 1987, and from 1997 to 2002, the title on its masthead was simply The Mirror. It had an average daily print circulation of 716,923 in December 2016, dropping markedly to 587,803 the following year. Its Sunday sister paper is the Sunday Mirror. Unlike other major British tabloids such as The Sun and the Daily Mail, the Mirror has no separate Scottish edition; this function is performed by the Daily Record and Sunday Mail, which incorporate certain stories from the Mirror that are of Scottish significance.\nOriginally pitched to the middle-class reader, it was converted into a working-class newspaper after 1934, in order to reach a larger audience. The Mirror has had a number of owners. It was founded by Alfred Harmsworth, who sold it to his brother Harold Harmsworth (from 1914 Lord Rothermere) in 1913. In 1963 a restructuring of the media interests of the Harmsworth family led to the Mirror becoming a part of International Publishing Corporation. During the mid 1960s, daily sales exceeded 5 million copies, a feat never repeated by it or any other daily (non-Sunday) British newspaper since. The Mirror was owned by Robert Maxwell between 1984 and 1991. The paper went through a protracted period of crisis after his death before merging with the regional newspaper group Trinity in 1999 to form Trinity Mirror.", "Q236835": "Clara Morgane (French pronunciation: \u200b[kla\u0281a m\u0254\u0281\u02c8\u0261an] is a French singer, media personality, TV host and former pornographic actress.", "Q262294": "Keren Ann Zeidel (Hebrew: \u05e7\u05e8\u05df \u05d0\u05df \u05d6\u05d9\u05d9\u05d3\u05dc\u200e born 10 March 1974 ) known professionally as Keren Ann (\u05e7\u05e8\u05df \u05d0\u05df), is an Israeli-born singer, songwriter, composer, producer, and engineer based largely in Paris, Tel Aviv, and New York City. She plays guitar, piano, and clarinet. She also engineers and writes choir and musical arrangements.", "Q2227089": "Imam Saud II al Kabeer bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad Al-Saud (Arabic: \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e) (d. 1814) ruled the First Saudi State from 1803 to 1814. During his rule, Saud annexed Mecca and Medina from the Ottoman Empire.", "Q121467": "Pirmin Adrian Meier (born February 21, 1947) is a Swiss author and teacher (also in the field of adult education). To fellow writer Hansj\u00f6rg Schneider, Meier is \"der eigenst\u00e4ndigste und eigenwilligste Schweizer Geschichtsschreiber seiner Generation\" (\"the most independent-minded and original Swiss writer of history in his generation\").", "Q12406430": "Hed Arzi Music (Hebrew: \u05d4\u05d3 \u05d0\u05e8\u05e6\u05d9\u200e, meaning: The Echo of My Country / My Country's Echo; also spelled Hed Artzi or Hed Artsi), is an Israeli record label founded by Zvi Levin in 1946. Hed Arzi is involved with producing music, importing albums from abroad, and distributing Israeli and international music. Hed Arzi is one of the largest and most veteran companies in Israel, and many major artists work with it.\nBesides its involvement in music, the company also imports and distributes multimedia products, such as computer games and videos.", "Q34084": "Simone Johnson (born 2 July 1970), better known by her stage name Monie Love, is an Grammy\u2013nominated English rapper, actress and radio personality from London, England. Best known for her singles during the late\u20131980s through the 1990s, Monie Love currently serves as a radio personality for urban adult contemporary station KISS 104.1 WALR-FM in Atlanta, Georgia.", "Q167432": "A Simple Life (Chinese: \u6843\u59d0; Jyutping: Tou4 Ze2), also known as Sister Peach, is a 2011 Hong Kong drama film directed by Ann Hui and starring Andy Lau and Deanie Ip. Ip, in the lead role of Sister Peach, won the Best Actress Award at the 68th Venice International Film Festival. Originally, Hui considered retiring after making this film. However, due to the film's success, she changed her mind and is considering other projects.\nLau and Ip had not worked together since 1999's Prince Charming. Production of the film officially began during Chinese New Year. It was filmed in Mei Foo Sun Chuen. Production was wrapped on 6 April 2011 after two months of filming. The film competed in the 68th Venice International Film Festival. It was also selected as the Hong Kong entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist.A Simple Life was an official selection for competition at the 68th Venice International Film Festival, where it won 4 awards. Deanie Ip won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress for her role in this film. She is the first Hong Konger to win this prize. In March, she also became the first Hong Konger to win the Asian Film Award for Best Actress. At the same event, director Ann Hui became the first woman to win the Lifetime Achievement Award. At the 31st Hong Kong Film Awards Ceremony, A Simple Life won 5 major prizes (film, director, screenplay, actor, actress), repeating what happened with Hui's Summer Snow in 1996. Ann Hui has won Best Director (4 times) more than anyone else at the Hong Kong Film Awards. Ip is the oldest Best Actress recipient (64 years old at the time of her win).", "Q300405": "A Film With Me in It is a 2008 Irish film directed by Ian Fitzgibbon and written by Mark Doherty. The film is a black comedy that follows Mark (also Mark Doherty) and Pierce (Dylan Moran), an unsuccessful actor and a failing writer respectively, who find themselves trying to cope after a string of accidents surrounds them in corpses. The film generally received a positive response, and was released on DVD in October 2011.", "Q401232": "Ahmed Ezz (born 1959) is an Egyptian businessman and one-time politician, the owner of Ezz Steel and the former chairman of Egypt's national assembly's budget committee. He was also the secretary-general of the National Democratic Party of Egypt (NDP) .", "Q222868": "It Could Happen to You is a 1994 American romantic comedy-drama film starring Nicolas Cage and Bridget Fonda. It is the story of New York City police officer (Cage) who wins the lottery and splits his winnings with a waitress (Fonda). This basic premise was inspired by a real-life incident.Isaac Hayes has a role as undercover reporter and photographer Angel Dupree, while also being the film's narrator.\nThe film was remade in Hindi as Bade Dilwala, which was released in 1999 and in Telugu as Bahumati in 2007.", "Q1989190": "William Hesketh Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme (; 19 September 1851 \u2013 7 May 1925) was an English industrialist, philanthropist, and politician. Having been educated at a small private school until the age of nine, then at church schools until he was fifteen; a somewhat privileged education for that time, he started work at his father's wholesale grocery business in Bolton. Following an apprenticeship and a series of appointments in the family business, which he successfully expanded, he began manufacturing Sunlight Soap, building a substantial business empire with many well-known brands such as Lux and Lifebuoy. In 1886, together with his brother, James, he established Lever Brothers, which was one of the first companies to manufacture soap from vegetable oils, and which is now part of the Anglo-Dutch transnational business Unilever. In politics, Lever briefly sat as a Liberal MP for Wirral and later, as Lord Leverhulme, in the House of Lords as a Peer. He was an advocate for expansion of the British Empire, particularly in Africa and Asia, which supplied palm oil, a key ingredient in Lever's product line. His firm had become associated with forced labour and atrocities in the Belgian Congo by 1911.An aspiring patron of the arts, Lever began collecting artworks in 1893 when he bought a painting by Edmund Leighton. Lever's rival in the soap industry, A & F Pears, had taken the lead in using art for marketing by buying paintings such as \"Bubbles\" by John Everett Millais to promote its products. Lever's response was to acquire similarly illustrative works, and he later bought 'The New Frock' by William Powell Frith to promote the Sunlight soap brand. In 1922 he founded the Lady Lever Art Gallery at Port Sunlight in Cheshire which he dedicated to his late wife Elizabeth.", "Q131674": "Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0432; born May 23, 1951) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former World Champion. He was the official world champion from 1975 to 1985 when he was defeated by Garry Kasparov. Karpov played five matches against Kasparov for the title from 1984 to 1990 without ever defeating him in a match, later becoming FIDE World Champion once again after Kasparov broke away from FIDE in 1993. He held the title until 1999, when he resigned his title in protest against FIDE's new world championship rules. For his decades-long standing among the world's elite, many consider Karpov one of the greatest players in history.His tournament successes include over 160 first-place finishes. He had a peak Elo rating of 2780, and his 102 total months at world number one is the third longest of all time, behind Magnus Carlsen and Garry Kasparov, since the inception of the FIDE ranking list in 1970.", "Q970042": "Speer und Er (literally \"Speer and He\", released as Speer and Hitler: The Devil's Architect) is a three-part German docudrama starring Sebastian Koch as Albert Speer and Tobias Moretti as Adolf Hitler. It mixes historical film material with reconstructions, as well as interviews with three of Speer's children, Albert Speer, Jr., Arnold Speer and Hilde Schramm.\nThe appended documentary confronts several interviewees including Wolf Jobst Siedler, Joachim Fest and Speer relatives with evidence that Speer knew in detail that some Nazi concentration camps functioned as killing factories, something he consistently maintained he could have found out but never actually knew.", "Q273399": "Syleena Johnson (born Syleena Thompson; September 2, 1976) is an American R&B and soul singer-songwriter, actress and talk show co-host.\n\n", "Q3276851": "Nikolai Alexandrovich Mashkin (9 February 1900, Sokolki \u2013 15 September 1950, Moscow) was a Soviet scholar of Roman history (Doctor of Historical Sciences and Professor from 1942). Mashkin authored The History of Ancient Rome (1947\u201356), which was translated into several languages, and The Principate of Augustus. Its Origin and Social Essence (1949, translated into German, Italian, Hungarian and Romanian languages). In 1950 Mashkin received the State Prize of the USSR.Mashkin was born in the village of Sokolki, present Bugulminsky District in Russia. Having finished a school in Bugulma, he studied at the Faculty of History and Philosophy of the Samara State University (1921/22) and at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Moscow University. In 1938 Mashkin received his doctorate. Mashkin extensively studied the history of Roman provinces, particularly Africa. He also authored several works on circumcellions.", "Q629512": "Leo Masl\u00edah (born 1954) is a Uruguayan musician, humorist and writer.\nBorn in 1954 in Montevideo, he started writing and composing in 1978, usually with a touch of humour.\nAfter a considerable success in the Uruguayan underground movement, he successfully disembarked in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1982. He slowly gained popularity, had concerts in Chile, Peru, Cuba, Brazil, Paraguay and Spain among others.\nHis music resists classification. It results from an original mix of personal experiments, popular music, classical composition - including electroacoustic materials - and jazz. He often bases his pieces on the minimalistic repetition of short elements. His lyrics include frequent puns. Overall, his production adopts a tone both ironic and critical, always intelligent and witty, sometimes nihilistic. He recorded more than 40 albums, most of them released in Uruguay and Argentina. In 2003 his opera \"Maldoror\" was performed in the Teatro Col\u00f3n.\nHe also wrote over 40 books with novels, short stories and plays. 10 of his plays were taken to theater. The Konex Foundation of Argentina awarded him \"Merit for humour in literature\" in 1994.", "Q87528": "Ewald Johann Stadler (born May 21, 1961), is an Austrian right-wing conservative politician. He was a member of the Freedom Party of Austria (FP\u00d6) until 2007, and a member of the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZ\u00d6) from 2007 until 2013.\nHe ran for the European Parliament in 2009 as BZ\u00d6's leading candidate and was a member of the European Parliament from 2011 to 2014. In 2014 he was chosen as the first party leader of The Reform Conservatives (REKOS).", "Q75966": "Siegfried Balke (1 June 1902 \u2013 11 June 1984) was a German politician (CSU).\nHe served as German Federal Minister for Post and Communications from 1953 to 1956 and as German Federal Minister for Nuclear Energy from 1956 to 1962.", "Q513144": "Tom Holliston (born April 21, 1960) is a Canadian punk rock musician. Primarily associated with the bands Nomeansno and The Hanson Brothers, he also leads the side project Showbusiness Giants, and has released four solo records since 2002.Showbusiness Giants, a rotating collective of guest musicians which included Scott Henderson, John Wright, Andy Kerr, Carolyn Mark, Ken Kempster, Keith Rose and Ford Pier, became best known for the single \"I've Got a Crush on Wendy Mesley\", from the album Let's Have a Talk With the Dead, which was a hit on Canada's campus radio charts in 1995.For touring in support of Why Do They Call Me Mr. Happy?, Nomeansno hired Holliston to replace Andy Kerr. Holliston went on to become their full-time guitarist. The first Nomeansno album to feature Holliston was The Worldhood of the World (As Such), released in 1995. Holliston announced his departure from the band in August 2016. One month later, on September 24, John Wright announced the band's official retirement.", "Q151180": "Olive Schreiner (24 March 1855 \u2013 11 December 1920) was a South African author, anti-war campaigner and intellectual. She is best remembered today for her novel The Story of an African Farm (1883), which has been highly acclaimed. It deals boldly with such contemporary issues as agnosticism, existential independence, individualism, the professional aspirations of women, and the elemental nature of life on the colonial frontier. \nSince the late 20th century, scholars have also credited Schreiner as an advocate for the Afrikaners, and other South African groups who were excluded from political power for decades, such as indigenous Blacks, Jews and Indians. Although she showed interest in socialism, pacifism, vegetarianism and feminism amongst other topics, her views escaped restrictive categorisations. Her published works and other surviving writings promote implicit values such as moderation, friendship, and understanding amongst all peoples, and avoid the pitfalls of political radicalism, which she consciously eschewed. Called a lifelong freethinker, she also continued to adhere to the spirit of the Christian Bible and developed a secular version of the worldview of her missionary parents, with mystical elements.\nSchreiner is also known for her later novel, From Man To Man Or Perhaps Only (1926), published posthumously. She had not completed its revisions before her death. The first edition was produced by her husband, Samuel Cronwright-Schreiner. It was re-edited and published by University of Cape Town Press (edited and introduced by Dorothy Driver). This edition corrects previous errors. This edition provides another ending to the novel, in Schreiner's own words, in addition to the one her husband summarised. From Man to Man or Perhaps Only was said by Schreiner to be her favourite among her novels. From exploring white women's confinement to domesticity in late 19th century South Africa and England, the novel expands its gaze to include black women and girls, whose presence gradually informs the central character's struggle to re-create herself and educate her children against the racism and sexism of the time.", "Q2445331": "Mihail Manoilescu (Romanian pronunciation: [miha\u02c8il mano.i\u02c8lesku]; December 9, 1891 \u2013 December 30, 1950) was a Romanian journalist, engineer, economist, politician and memoirist, who served as Foreign Minister of Romania during the summer of 1940. An active promoter of and contributor to fascist ideology and anti-Semitic sentiment, he was a financial backer of the Iron Guard in the late 1930s. His corporatist ideas influenced economic policy in several countries during the 1930s, particularly in Brazil.", "Q726153": "Epitaph Records is an American independent record label owned by Bad Religion guitarist Brett Gurewitz. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, most acts signed to the label were punk and pop punk acts, while there are many post-hardcore and emo bands signed to the label as well. A large portion of the record label, known as Hellcat Records, is owned by Tim Armstrong, frontman of the punk rock band Rancid. Several sister labels also exist, such as ANTI-, Burning Heart Records, Fat Possum Records, Hellcat Records, and Heart & Skull Records that have signed other types of bands.", "Q866152": "Vladislav Badiarov (Russian:\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0434\u044c\u044f\u0440\u043e\u0432, born 1973 in Nalchik, Russia) is a Russian-Mexican violinist. He moved to Mexico at the age of 18 in 1991. His brother is the baroque violist and violon maker Dmitry Badiarov. He appeared at Festival Cervantino, in Guanajuato.\n\n", "Q16543": "The Monte San Salvatore (912 m) is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps above Lake Lugano and the city of Lugano in Switzerland. The Monte San Salvatore funicular links the city with the summit of the mountain. The village on top of its peaks, Carona, is a popular destination to enjoy views over Lake Lugano and to walk through the exotic plants and flowers of Parco San Grato.", "Q84021": "Hubert Beuve-M\u00e9ry (5 January 1902 in Paris \u2013 6 August 1989 in Fontainebleau) was a French journalist and newspaper editor. Before the Second World War, he was associated with the Vichy regime until December 1942, when he joined the Resistance. In 1944, he founded Le Monde at the behest of Charles de Gaulle. Following the liberation of France, Beuve-M\u00e9ry built Le Monde from the ruins of Le Temps by using its offices, printing presses, masthead and those staff members who had not collaborated with the Germans.", "Q57279": "Traian B\u0103sescu (Romanian pronunciation: [tra\u02c8jan b\u0259\u02c8sesku]; born 4 November 1951) is a Romanian politician who served as President of Romania from 2004 to 2014.\n\n", "Q133063": "Pope Gregory VII (Latin: Gregorius VII; c. 1015 \u2013 25 May 1085), born Hildebrand of Sovana (Italian: Ildebrando da Soana), was pope from 22 April 1073 to his death in 1085.\nOne of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor that affirmed the primacy of papal authority and the new canon law governing the election of the pope by the College of Cardinals. He was also at the forefront of developments in the relationship between the emperor and the papacy during the years before he became pope. He was the first pope in several centuries to rigorously enforce the Western Church's ancient policy of celibacy for the clergy and also attacked the practice of simony.\nGregory VII excommunicated Henry IV three times. Consequently, Henry IV would appoint Antipope Clement III to oppose him in the political power struggles between the Catholic Church and his empire. Hailed as one of the greatest of the Roman pontiffs after his reforms proved successful, Gregory VII was, during his own reign, despised by some for his expansive use of papal powers.Because this Pope was such a prominent champion of papal supremacy, his memory was evoked on many occasions in later generations, both positively and negatively, often reflecting later writers' attitude to the Catholic Church and the papacy. Beno of Santi Martino e Silvestro, who opposed Gregory VII in the Investiture Controversy, leveled against him charges such as necromancy, torture of a former friend upon a bed of nails, commissioning an attempted assassination, executions without trials, unjust excommunication, doubting the Real Presence of the Eucharist, and even burning the Eucharist. This was eagerly repeated by later opponents of the Catholic Church, such as the English Protestant John Foxe. Twentieth century British writer Joseph McCabe describes Gregory as a \"rough and violent peasant, enlisting his brute strength in the service of the monastic ideal which he embraced.\" In contrast, the modern historian of the 11th century H. E. J. Cowdrey writes, \"[Gregory VII] was surprisingly flexible, feeling his way and therefore perplexing both rigorous collaborators ... and cautious and steady-minded ones ... His zeal, moral force, and religious conviction, however, ensured that he should retain to a remarkable degree the loyalty and service of a wide variety of men and women.\"\n\n", "Q2310157": "James J. Schmitt (born June 7, 1958) is an American politician and businessman from Wisconsin. A Republican, Schmitt is the former mayor of Green Bay, Wisconsin.", "Q342636": "John Francis Daley (born July 20, 1985) is an American actor, screenwriter, comedian and film director. He is known for playing high school freshman Sam Weir on the NBC comedy-drama Freaks and Geeks and FBI criminal profiler Dr. Lance Sweets on the crime drama series Bones, for which he was nominated for a 2014 PRISM Award. He plays keyboards and sings for the band Dayplayer.In cinema, Daley is known for his collaborative work with Jonathan Goldstein as a film-making duo. The pair have worked on various projects together. Daley and Goldstein's first work together was initially based in comedy where they were co-screenwriters for Horrible Bosses (2011), co-writers for The Incredible Burt Wonderstone (2013), co-story writers for Horrible Bosses 2 (2014), and co-wrote/co-directed the fifth film in the National Lampoon's Vacation film series, Vacation (2015). The duo were co-story writers for Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017) with Jon Watts, Christopher Ford, Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers, and they co-directed the 2018 comedy Game Night.", "Q465978": "Extreme metal is a loosely defined umbrella term for a number of related heavy metal music subgenres that have developed since the early 1980s. It has been defined as a \"cluster of metal subgenres characterized by sonic, verbal, and visual transgression\".The term usually refers to a more abrasive, harsher, underground, non-commercialized style associated with the speed metal, thrash metal, black metal, death metal, and doom metal genres. Hardcore punk has been considered an integral part of the development of extreme metal, in the case of song structure and speed, in every case other than doom metal.", "Q92643": "Arthur John Robin Gorell Milner (13 January 1934 \u2013 20 March 2010), known as Robin Milner or A. J. R. G. Milner, was a British computer scientist, and a Turing Award winner.\n\n", "Q83996": "Oleksandr Rafkatovych Abdullin (Ukrainian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0420\u0430\u0444\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u0301\u043b\u043b\u0456\u043d, born June 29, 1962 in Kiev) is a Ukrainian journalist and politician.", "Q69397": "Christian Graf von Krockow, (May 26, 1927 \u2013 March 17, 2002) was a German writer and political scientist,\nChristian Count of Krockow was the son of a historic Pomeranian noble family. He was born in Rumbske (Rumsko) near the city of Stolp (S\u0142upsk). In 1945, as the Red Army advanced into the Province of Pomerania, he became a refugee and fled to Hamburg.\nKrockow studied sociology, philosophy and law at the University of G\u00f6ttingen in 1947-54, where he earned his doctoral degree, and the University of Durham, England. In 1961-69 he was a professor of political science at the universities of G\u00f6ttingen, Saarbr\u00fccken and Frankfurt. In 1970-73 he served as a founding regent of the University of Oldenburg, which in 1995 named him an honorary professor. He was named professor emeritus by the University of G\u00f6ttingen in 1981. After resigning from his tenured position, he moved to Nikolausberg near G\u00f6ttingen, where he made a name and a living as an independent writer and speaker. He also worked as speechwriter and political advisor to Chancellor Helmut Schmidt and the Dutch royal family. Towards the end of his life, he moved to Hamburg, where he continued to publish books and articles, albeit living in near seclusion.\nKrockow received several German literary prizes. His biographies of Frederick the Great, Kaiser Wilhelm II and the resistance fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg, who attempted to assassinate Hitler on July 20, 1944, won wide readership.\nHis book Stunde der Frauen (Hour of the Women), which he wrote with his sister Libussa Fritz-Krockow, describes her ordeal fleeing Pomerania in 1945. When Germany collapsed, it was the hour of the German women, who rebuilt Germany from its ruins. The book remained a national bestseller for almost a decade and ushered in a period in which Germans began to rethink the immediate post-war period and come to terms with the loss of Pomerania, East Prussia, and Silesia. The book was translated into Polish, French, English, and Japanese.\nKrockow died on March 13, 2002, in Hamburg, aged 74. He was buried at Ohlsdorf cemetery in Ohlsdorf.\nOf his native region, lost to Germany with the border changes of 1945 and the Expulsion of Germans after World War II, Krockow wrote:\n\nWhat broke forth over the people of East Prussia, Silesia and Pomerania and cost them\ntheir homeland, was set in motion long before: It was the result of our own German madness.\n\u2014 Christian Graf von Krockow: Die Reise nach Pommern: Bericht aus einem verschwiegenen Land.\nDeutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich, 1985. ISBN 3-421-06251-X. Page 215.", "Q3318622": "Mohamed Jegham (Tunisian Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u063a\u0627\u0645\u200e), (born August 8, 1943 in Hammam Sousse), is a Tunisian politician and businessman.", "Q3617094": "Angelo Massimino (Catania, 1927 \u2014 Scillato, March 4, 1996) was an Italian entrepreneur and football owner, who served as chairman of Calcio Catania for almost 25 years.\nA Sicilian emigrant who made his fortune in Argentina, returned in Catania during the 1950s and, together with his brothers, founded in 1962 an amateur football club called Massiminiana, leading them up to Serie C, where they played for four consecutive seasons. In 1968, he became the owner of Calcio Catania, and immediately invested in his new club, obtaining a promotion to Serie A only one year later. He then resigned in 1972, following immediate relegation to Serie B followed by two poor seasons in the second-highest national division, but returned to serve as chairman two years later, immediately obtaining a second promotion. During the following years, Catania proved to be a yo-yo team, playing in all of the three highest national division, making a one-year comeback to Serie A in 1983. He left the club in 1987 following relegation to Serie C1 and criticisms by the local supporters. He however returned once again in 1992 to save the club from bankruptcy, but was unable to avoid a controversial cancellation of his club one year later. The club cancellation was later declared invalid by the Italian magistrature, and Catania was readmitted to Italian football, namely into the Eccellenza regional league, and immediately started to rise the football league pyramid with two consecutive promotions, despite Massimino's partial blindness and worsening health caused by diabetes. Angelo Massimino died in 1996, aged 69, in a road accident on the Palermo-Catania highway. His funeral in Catania was attended by over a thousand people.\nMassimino is still remembered by Catania supporters as their most representative chairman, and the local stadium, formerly known as Cibali, was named after him in 2002. He was also nationally known for his poor Italian language skills, heavily influenced by his Sicilian heritage, and several blunders who made him popular among Italian football fans.", "Q77817": "Philip Wiegratz (born 17 February 1993) is a German actor, whose filmography consists of adaptations of English and German children's books. His first film role was playing Augustus Gloop in Tim Burton's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.", "Q163132": "Akron () is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Summit County. It is located on the western edge of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau, about 30 miles (48 km) south of Cleveland. As of the 2018 Census estimate, the city proper had a total population of 198,006, making it the 119th-largest city in the United States. The Greater Akron area, covering Summit and Portage counties, had an estimated population of 703,505.The city was founded in 1825 by Simon Perkins and Paul Williams, along the Little Cuyahoga River at the summit of the developing Ohio and Erie Canal. The name is derived from the Greek word signifying a summit or high point. It was briefly renamed South Akron after Eliakim Crosby founded nearby North Akron in 1833, until both merged into an incorporated village in 1836. In the 1910s, Akron doubled in population, making it the nation's fastest-growing city.\nA long history of rubber and tire manufacturing, carried on today by Goodyear Tire, gave Akron the nickname \"Rubber Capital of the World\". It was once known as a center of airship development. Today, its economy includes manufacturing, education, healthcare, and biomedical research; leading corporations include Gojo Industries, FirstEnergy, Huntington Bank, and Charter Spectrum.\nNotable historic events in Akron include the passage of the Akron School Law of 1847, which created the K\u201312 system; the popularization of the church architectural Akron Plan, the foundation of Alcoholics Anonymous, the Akron Experiment into preventing goiters with iodized salt, the 1983 Supreme Court case City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health; and portions of the 2014 Gay Games.\nA racially diverse city, it has seen noted racial relations speeches by Sojourner Truth in 1851 \u2014 the Ain't I A Woman? speech; W. E. B. Du Bois in 1920; and President Bill Clinton in 1997. In 1914, Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Akron. Episodes of major civil unrest in Akron have included the riot of 1900, rubber strike of 1936, and the Wooster Avenue riots of 1968.", "Q216273": "The University of St Andrews (Scots: University o St Andras; abbreviated as St And, from the Latin Sancti Andreae, in post-nominals) is a public university in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. It is the oldest of the four ancient universities of Scotland and, following Oxford and Cambridge universities, the third-oldest university in the United Kingdom and English-speaking world. St Andrews was founded in 1413 when the Avignon Antipope Benedict XIII issued a papal bull to a small founding group of Augustinian clergy.\nSt Andrews is made up of a variety of institutions, comprising three colleges \u2014 United College (a union of St Salvator's and St Leonard's Colleges), St Mary's College, and St Leonard's College, the last named being a non-statutory revival of St Leonard's as a post-graduate society. There are 18 academic schools organised into four faculties. The university occupies historic and modern buildings located throughout the town. The academic year is divided into two semesters, Martinmas and Candlemas. In term time, over one-third of the town's population are either staff members or students of the university. The student body is notably diverse: over 145 nationalities are represented with 45% of its intake from countries outside the UK; about one-eighth of the students are from the rest of the EU and the remaining third are from overseas\u201415% from North America alone. The university's sport teams compete in BUCS competitions, and the student body is known for preserving ancient traditions such as Raisin Weekend, May Dip, and the wearing of distinctive academic dress.In the latest national league tables, the university is ranked second in the UK by The Guardian and within the top three in others. It has been twice named \"University of the Year\" by The Times and Sunday Times' Good University Guide, one of only two UK universities to achieve this. In 2019, St Andrews had the third-highest entry standard of undergraduate admission in the UK, after Oxford and Cambridge, and attained an average UCAS Entry Tariff of 207 points. The Guardian ranks the Schools of Classics, Economics and Finance, Geography and Sustainable Development, History of Art, International Relations and, Physics and Astronomy first whilst The Times and Sunday Times ranks the Schools of English, Anatomy and Physiology and Middle Eastern and African Studies first and the Complete University Guide ranks Anatomy and Physiology, Management, Middle Eastern and African Studies and, Physics and Astronomy first. The Times Higher Education World Universities Ranking names St Andrews among the world's Top 50 universities for Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities. St Andrews has consistently held the highest student satisfaction scores amongst all multi-faculty universities in the United Kingdom.St Andrews has many notable alumni and affiliated faculty, including eminent mathematicians, scientists, theologians, philosophers, and politicians. Recent alumni include the former First Minister of Scotland Alex Salmond; Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Civil Service Mark Sedwill; Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) Alex Younger; former Secretary of State for Defence Sir Michael Fallon; Olympic cycling gold medalist Chris Hoy; and royals Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. Six Nobel Laureates are among St Andrews' alumni and former staff: two in Chemistry and Physiology or Medicine, and one each in Peace and Literature.", "Q133705": "Gideon Levy (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05d3\u05e2\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05d5\u05d9; born 2 June 1953) is an Israeli journalist and author. Levy writes opinion pieces and a weekly column for the newspaper Haaretz that often focus on the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories. Levy has won prizes for his articles on human rights in the Israeli-occupied territories. His critics characterize him as left-wing and accuse him of being a propagandist for Hamas.", "Q4074": "Euskirchen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0254\u028f\u032fsk\u026a\u0281\u00e7n\u0329]) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the district Euskirchen. While Euskirchen resembles a modern shopping town, it also has a history dating back over 700 years, having been granted town status in 1302. As of December 2007, it had a population of 55,446.", "Q123516": "Eugen Gomringer (born January 20, 1925 in Cachuela Esperanza, Bolivia) is a Bolivian-born German concrete poet. He is head of the Institut f\u00fcr Konstruktive Kunst und Konkrete Poesie (IKKP) in Rehau, Germany. Between 1977 and 1990, he was a professor at the Kunstakademie D\u00fcsseldorf, the Arts Academy of the city of D\u00fcsseldorf. Gomringer writes in German, Spanish, French and English.\n\n", "Q277699": "Ambika is an Indian film and television actress known for her works predominantly in Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada films and serials. She also did a few Telugu and English films. She was one of the top south Indian heroines for a decade from 1978 to 1989. Her younger sister Radha was also an actress. They acted together in a number of south Indian films and during the peak of their careers.\n\n", "Q154946": "Juliana (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02ccjyli\u02c8ja\u02d0na\u02d0]; Juliana Louise Emma Marie Wilhelmina; 30 April 1909 \u2013 20 March 2004) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 until her abdication in 1980.\nJuliana was the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. She received a private education and studied international law at the University of Leiden. In 1937, she married Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld with whom she had four children: Beatrix, Irene, Margriet, and Christina. During the German invasion of the Netherlands in the Second World War, the royal family was evacuated to the United Kingdom. Juliana proceeded to relocate to Canada with her children, while Wilhelmina and Bernhard remained in Britain. The royal family returned to the Netherlands after its liberation in 1945.\nDue to Wilhelmina's failing health, Juliana took over royal duties briefly in 1947 and 1948. In September 1948 Wilhelmina abdicated and Juliana ascended to the Dutch throne. Her reign saw the decolonization and independence of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and Suriname. Despite a series of controversies involving the royal family, Juliana remained a popular figure among the Dutch.\nIn April 1980, Juliana abdicated in favour of her eldest daughter Beatrix. Upon her death in 2004 at the age of 94, she was the longest-lived former reigning monarch in the world.", "Q333971": "First Knight is a 1995 medieval film based on Arthurian legend, directed by Jerry Zucker. It stars Sean Connery as King Arthur, Richard Gere as Lancelot, Julia Ormond as Guinevere and Ben Cross as Malagant.\nThe film follows the rogue Lancelot's romance with Lady Guinevere of Leonesse, who is to marry King Arthur of Camelot, while the land is threatened by the renegade knight Malagant. The film is noteworthy within Arthurian cinema for its absence of magical elements, its drawing on the material of Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes for plot elements and the substantial age difference between Arthur and Guinevere.", "Q84747": "Arthur Victor Hugo Werner (15 April 1877 in Berlin \u2013 27 July 1967) was the first Mayor of Berlin after World War II. \nIn 1907 Werner had graduated as an engineer at the Technical University of Charlottenburg. He ran a private technical college until 1942 when Nazi authorities forced him to retire.\nOn 17 May 1945 he was appointed mayor by the Soviet administration of Berlin under Nikolai Berzarin, confirmed by the western Allies after the division of the city into four sectors in July 1945. After the elections of 20 October 1946 Werner resigned in favour of Otto Ostrowski.\nHe was the oldest former Minister-President of Germany from gaining his office on 17 May 1945 until 28 February 1966 and was succeeded by Wilhelm Kaisen.", "Q112913": "Karl Maria Wiligut (alias Weisthor, Jarl Widar, Lobesam; 10 December 1866 \u2013 3 January 1946) was an Austrian occultist and SS-Brigadef\u00fchrer.", "Q212015": "Jean-Philippe L\u00e9o Smet (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0251\u0303 filip leo sm\u025bt]; 15 June 1943 \u2013 5 December 2017), better known by his stage name Johnny Hallyday, was a French rock and roll and pop singer and actor, credited for having brought rock and roll to France.During a career spanning 57 years, he released 79 albums and sold more than 110 million records worldwide, mainly in the French-speaking world, making him one of the best-selling artists in the world. He won 5 diamond albums, 40 golden albums, 22 platinum albums and 10 Music Victories. He sang an estimated 1,154 songs and performed 540 duets with 187 artists. Credited for his strong voice and his spectacular shows, he sometimes arrived by entering a stadium through the crowd and once by jumping from a helicopter above the Stade de France, where he performed 9 times. Among his 3,257 shows completed in 187 tours, the most memorable were at Parc des Princes in 1993, at the Stade de France in 1998, just after France's win in the 1998 FIFA World Cup, as well as at the Eiffel Tower in 2000, which had record-breaking ticket sales for a French artist. A million spectators gathered to see his performance at the Eiffel Tower, with some 10 million watching on television.\nUsually working with the best French artists and musicians of his time, he collaborated with Charles Aznavour, Michel Berger and Jean-Jacques Goldman, while his shows were produced by Jean-Claude Camus, considered to be one of the greatest producers in France. Hugely popular in France, he was referred to as simply \"Johnny\" and seen as a \"national monument\" (the only singer since Edith Piaf) and a part of the French cultural legacy. He was a symbol of the Trente Glorieuses when he emerged in 1960 and a familiar figure to four generations. More than 2,500 magazine covers and 190 books were dedicated to him during his lifetime, making him one of the persons most widely covered by the media in France. His death from cancer in 2017 was followed by a \"popular tribute\" during which a million people attended the procession and 15 million others watched the ceremony on TV. He remained relatively unknown in the English-speaking world, where he was dubbed \"the biggest rock star you've never heard of\" and introduced as the French version of Elvis Presley.", "Q298338": "Vikash Rao Dhorasoo (born 10 October 1973) is a French former footballer who played at both professional and international levels as a midfielder.", "Q44205": "Helmuth Karl Bernhard Graf von Moltke (German: [\u02c8h\u025blmu\u02d0t f\u0254n \u02c8m\u0254ltk\u0259]; 26 October 1800 \u2013 24 April 1891) was a Prussian field marshal. The chief of staff of the Prussian Army for thirty years, he is regarded as the creator of a new, more modern method of directing armies in the field. He commanded troops in Europe and the Middle East, commanding during the Second Schleswig War, Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War. He is described as embodying \"Prussian military organization and tactical genius.\" He was fascinated with railways and pioneered their military usage. He is often referred to as Moltke the Elder to distinguish him from his nephew Helmuth Johann Ludwig von Moltke, who commanded the German Army at the outbreak of World War I.", "Q138650": "Sigurd Hoel (14 December 1890 \u2013 14 October 1960) was a Norwegian author and publishing consultant, born in Nord-Odal. He debuted with the collection of short stories Veien vi gaar (The Way We Go) in 1922. His breakthrough came with Syndere i sommersol (Sinners in Summertime, 1927), which was made into a film in 1932 and in 2002.", "Q3257121": "Jules-Isa\u00efe Beno\u00eet (October 22, 1830 \u2013 October 11, 1865) was a businessman and photographer from Lower Canada.\nJules-Isa\u00efe Beno\u00eet, who was commonly known by the surname of Livernois, is important to Canadian history for his contributions and development of the photography industry in Quebec. His careful and highly skilled treatment of his craft preserved many aspects of cultural history in 19th century Quebec.", "Q1779120": "Theodore Francis Leo is an American singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. He is the frontman and lead guitarist of rock group Ted Leo and the Pharmacists, and in 2013, he and Aimee Mann formed the indie rock duo the Both.", "Q96343": "Elisabeth Castonier (6 March 1894 - 24 September 1975) was a German writer.\nCastonier was the daughter of the painter Felix Borchardt and spent her early childhood in Dresden until her family moved to Paris. Her grandfather was Jewish. In 1912 she moved to Berlin, and in 1923 married the Danish singer Paul Castonier, from whom she later divorced. She wrote satires in the weekly paper Die Ente, but during the Nazi period she went in exile to Vienna and after the Anschluss in 1938 through Italy and Denmark to London. Here she wrote children's books and also a book about Christian opposition to the Nazis. In London she was also a correspondent for the News Chronicle and the New Statesman and also for emigrant newspapers like the Pariser Tageszeitung and the Wiener Tageblatt. In 1944 she worked as a farmhand in Hampshire. From 1950, she also corresponded regularly with Mary Tucholsky, the widow of writer Kurt Tucholsky.", "Q872899": "Ferenc Csik (12 December 1913 \u2013 29 March 1945) was a Hungarian swimmer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.\nIn the 1936, Olympics he won a gold medal in the 100 m freestyle event and a bronze medal in the 4\u00d7200 m freestyle relay event. Csik went on to become a medical doctor, and died during World War II in an air raid while assisting a wounded man.", "Q263834": "Diana Hayden (born 1 May 1973) is an Indian actress, model, and the winner of Miss World 1997 pageant. She is the third Indian woman to win the title of Miss World. She also won three subtitles during the pageant and is the only Miss World titleholder to do so. In 2008, she was a celebrity contestant in the reality show Bigg Boss.", "Q310170": "Curtis Lee Mayfield (June 3, 1942 \u2013 December 26, 1999) was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer, and one of the most influential musicians behind soul and politically conscious African-American music. He first achieved success and recognition with The Impressions during the civil rights movement of the late 1950s and 1960s, and later worked as a solo artist.\nBorn in Chicago, Illinois, Mayfield started his musical career in a gospel choir. Moving to the North Side, he met Jerry Butler in 1956 at the age of 14, and joined the vocal group The Impressions. As a songwriter, Mayfield became noted as one of the first musicians to bring more prevalent themes of social awareness into soul music. In 1965, he wrote \"People Get Ready\" for the Impressions, which displayed his more politically charged songwriting. Ranked at no. 24 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, the song received numerous other awards, and was included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll, as well as being inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1998.\nAfter leaving the Impressions in 1970 in the pursuit of a solo career, Mayfield released several albums, including the soundtrack for the blaxploitation film Super Fly in 1972. The soundtrack was noted for its socially conscious themes, mostly addressing problems surrounding inner city minorities such as crime, poverty and drug abuse. The album was ranked at no. 72 on Rolling Stone's list of 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.Mayfield was paralyzed from the neck down after lighting equipment fell on him during a live performance at Wingate Field in Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York, on August 13, 1990. Despite this, he continued his career as a recording artist, releasing his final album New World Order in 1996. Mayfield won a Grammy Legend Award in 1994 and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1995. He is a double inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as a member of the Impressions in 1991, and again in 1999 as a solo artist. He was also a two-time Grammy Hall of Fame inductee. He died from complications of type 2 diabetes at the age of 57 on December 26, 1999.", "Q99070": "Gerhard Anton Eickhoff (September 11, 1827 \u2013 November 5, 1901) was a German-American journalist, editor, author, lawyer, Congressman from New York, United States Treasury auditor, and New York City Fire Commissioner.", "Q131112": "Paul Robin Krugman ( (listen) KRUUG-m\u0259n; born February 28, 1953) is an American economist who is the Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and a columnist for The New York Times. In 2008, Krugman was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his contributions to New Trade Theory and New Economic Geography. The Prize Committee cited Krugman's work explaining the patterns of international trade and the geographic distribution of economic activity, by examining the effects of economies of scale and of consumer preferences for diverse goods and services.Krugman was previously a professor of economics at MIT, and later at Princeton University. He retired from Princeton in June 2015, and holds the title of professor emeritus there. He also holds the title of Centenary Professor at the London School of Economics. Krugman was President of the Eastern Economic Association in 2010, and is among the most influential economists in the world. He is known in academia for his work on international economics (including trade theory and international finance), economic geography, liquidity traps, and currency crises.\nKrugman is the author or editor of 27 books, including scholarly works, textbooks, and books for a more general audience, and has published over 200 scholarly articles in professional journals and edited volumes. He has also written several hundred columns on economic and political issues for The New York Times, Fortune and Slate. A 2011 survey of economics professors named him their favorite living economist under the age of 60. As a commentator, Krugman has written on a wide range of economic issues including income distribution, taxation, macroeconomics, and international economics. Krugman considers himself a modern liberal, referring to his books, his blog on The New York Times, and his 2007 book The Conscience of a Liberal. His popular commentary has attracted widespread attention and comments, both positive and negative. According to the Open Syllabus Project, Krugman is the second most frequently cited author on college syllabi for economics courses.", "Q505040": "Charles III (18 February 1543 \u2013 14 May 1608), known as the Great, was Duke of Lorraine from 1545 until his death.\nHe is the direct male ancestor of all rulers of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty, including all Emperors of Austria.", "Q670315": "OPM is an American band based in Los Angeles, California. OPM has a distinctive sound, combining hip hop, rock music, and pop with laid-back reggae.", "Q1026119": "Calvin M. \"Cal\" Dooley (born January 11, 1954), American politician, was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from 1991 to 2005, representing the 17th and 20th districts of California.", "Q3635221": "Barry S. Coe (born Barry Clark Heacock, November 26, 1934 \u2013 July 16, 2019) was an American actor who appeared in film and on television from 1956-1978. Many of his movie parts were minor, but he co-starred in one series, titled Follow the Sun, which aired on ABC during the 1961-1962 season. He also played \"Mr. Goodwrench\" on TV commercials in the 1970s and 1980s.", "Q441164": "Jill Ellen Abramson (born March 19, 1954) is an American author and journalist. She is best known as the former executive editor of The New York Times; Abramson held that position from September 2011 to May 2014. She was the first female executive editor in the paper's 160-year history. Abramson joined the New York Times in 1997, working as the Washington bureau chief and managing editor before being named as executive editor. She previously worked for The Wall Street Journal as an investigative reporter and a deputy bureau chief.In March 2016, she was hired as a political columnist for Guardian US. In 2019, she received widespread criticism from journalists after her book Merchants Of Truth was found to contain plagiarized passages and numerous factual errors, though Abramson's book was praised for its accuracy by Donald Trump.In 2012, she was ranked number five on Forbes list of most powerful women. She was also named as one of the 500 most powerful people in the world by Foreign Policy.", "Q192861": "Venom are an English extreme metal band formed in 1978 in Newcastle upon Tyne. Coming to prominence towards the end of the new wave of British heavy metal, Venom's first two albums\u2014Welcome to Hell (1981) and Black Metal (1982)\u2014are considered a major influence on thrash metal and extreme metal in general. Venom's second album proved influential enough that its title was used as the name of the extreme metal subgenre of black metal.", "Q225875": "Fort Saganne is a 1984 French war film directed by Alain Corneau and starring G\u00e9rard Depardieu, Philippe Noiret, Catherine Deneuve, and Sophie Marceau. Based on the 1980 novel of the same name by Louis Gardel, the film is about a soldier of humble beginnings who volunteers for service in the Sahara in 1911. After falling in love with the beautiful young daughter of the regional administrator, he is ordered to go on missions in the desert, where he engages in several successful campaigns and experiences severe loneliness. Later, while on a diplomatic mission to Paris, he has a brief affair with a journalist. Returning to Africa, he leads a gallant defense against a feared sultan and is awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour. He returns to his home a national hero and marries the young girl he's not forgotten, but their happiness is interrupted by the onset of World War I.\nFort Saganne was screened out of competition at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival. At the time of its production, Fort Saganne was France's biggest-budget film. The film earned 2,157,767 admissions in France. In 1985, the film was nominated for four C\u00e9sar Awards, for Best Actor (G\u00e9rard Depardieu), Best Cinematography (Bruno Nuytten), Best Costume Design (Corinne Jorry, Rosine Delamare), and Best Sound.", "Q611927": "Carlo Alberto Rosselli (Rome, 16 November 1899 \u2013 Bagnoles-de-l'Orne, 9 June 1937) was an Italian Jewish political leader, journalist, historian, philosopher and anti-fascist activist, first in Italy and then abroad. He developed a theory of reformist, non-Marxist socialism inspired by the British Labour movement that he described as \"liberal socialism\". Rosselli founded the anti-fascist militant movement Giustizia e Libert\u00e0. Rosselli personally took part in combat in the Spanish Civil War where he served on the Republican side.", "Q692390": "Friedenau (German pronunciation ) is a locality (Ortsteil) within the borough (Bezirk) of Tempelhof-Sch\u00f6neberg in Berlin, Germany. Relatively small by area, its population density is the highest in the city.", "Q300377": "A Crime (French title: Un crime) is a 2006 thriller film directed by Manuel Pradal, written by Pradal and Tonino Benacquista, and starring Emmanuelle B\u00e9art.\nThe film unfolds the story of Vincent (Norman Reedus) who looks for his wife's killer. In the process, his neighbor Alice (Emmanuelle B\u00e9art) decides to invent a culprit, so that he can find revenge. However, there is no ideal culprit and crime.", "Q167340": "Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel (11 May 1811, Geneva \u2013 6 August 1893) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1864\u20131872).\nChallet was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 12 July 1864 as the first member from the Canton of Geneva. He handed over office on 31 December 1872 after being voted out of office. He was affiliated with the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland. During his time in office he held the following departments:\n\nDepartment of Finance (1864\u20131867)\nDepartment of Posts (1868)\nDepartment of Finance (1869)\nDepartment of Posts (1870\u20131872)", "Q89277": "Erwin Riess (born March 13, 1957), a disabled playwright and dramatist, was born in Vienna, Austria. He attended school in Krems, Austria and later returned to Vienna to study political and theatre science. In 1983 he was relegated to a wheelchair after the discovery of a back tumor. He has since been active in disability campaigns and humanitarian efforts to improve living conditions for disabled persons living in Austria.\nHe is a free-lance writer providing material for many magazines and newspapers and writing theatrical works, many of which have been performed internationally. Based on the life of Stephen Hawking, \"Hawking's Dream\" is arguably his most famous and well-received work.", "Q63876": "Adolf Friedrich, Graf von Schack (2 August 1815 \u2013 14 April 1894) was a German poet, historian of literature and art collector.", "Q92131": "Peter Gert Johannes Kloeppel (born October 14, 1958 in Frankfurt am Main) is a German journalist and former chief editor of RTL Television. He is chief anchor of RTL's flagship daily television news program, RTL Aktuell.", "Q49735": "John Lester Nash, Jr. (born August 19, 1940) is an American reggae and pop music singer-songwriter, best known in the US for his 1972 hit, \"I Can See Clearly Now\". He was one of the first non-Jamaican singers to record reggae music in Kingston, Jamaica.", "Q870042": "Carlos Per\u00f3n (born 9 June 1952) is a Swiss musician. He was a founding member of the band Yello.", "Q944495": "Obadiah the Proselyte (Hebrew: \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8) was an early-12th-century Italian convert to Judaism. He is best known for his memoirs and the oldest surviving notation of Jewish music, both unique survivals.\nHe was born Johannes, son of Dreux, around 1070 in Oppido Lucano, a small town in South Italy. A Catholic priest or a Norman-Italian baronet, he converted to Judaism in 1102. It was common practice for proselytes to choose the name \"Obadiah\" because of the tradition that Obadiah the prophet was an Edomite converted to Judaism.His reasons are not entirely clear. It is believed he had been inspired by the Jewish people during the First Crusade, as well as the story of Andreas, the archbishop of Bari who had converted to Judaism circa 1066\u20131078. Obadiah's understanding of the Bible may have also played a role.He is known for recording medieval Jewish chant in Gregorian notation. There is a dispute whether this Gregorian melody used is of Jewish origin or of non-Jewish origin.\n\nObadiah is known to us exclusively through a variety of documents from the Cairo Geniza, all but one in his own hand. The key piece of evidence for reconstructing his own varied output came from a single colophon leaf, all that remains of a prayer-book, now preserved in the Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati (MS H.U.C. Genizah Collection no. 8). An inscription on the colophon says, in Hebrew, that \"Obadiah the Norman proselyte\" who converted to Judaism \"in the month of Elul\" of 1102 has written the prayer-book \"with his own hand\". So, although in all of his writings he invariably refers to himself in the third person, by directly comparing the handwriting we can be sure that it is indeed he who wrote it.It took scholars over half a century to build a full picture of Obadiah's life and deeds. The name \"Obadiah the Proselyte\" first came up in 1901 in the second volume of Ginzei Yerushalayim (\u05d2\u05e0\u05d6\u05d9 \u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e9\u05dc\u05dd, Treaures of Jerusalem), a collection of scientific and literary works from rare manuscripts, compiled by Jerusalem rabbi Solomon Aaron Wertheimer, an amateur scholar and small-time Cairo Geniza material trader. From a letter of recommendation written for Obadiah by Baruch ben Isaac, the head of a large yeshivah in the city of Aleppo, Syria, Wertheimer published only the more poetic parts, mostly the lament for the plight of the Palestinian Jews in verse from the introduction; from what remained, hardly anything but the names could be deduced: \"This letter was written in his own hand by our mas[ter Baru]kh ... son of ... [Isaac] ... that it might be kept by Obadiah the Proselyte [for use] in all communities of Israel to which he might go.\" It took another 30 years for the letter first to make its way into the Bodleian Library (where it remains to this day) and then to attract the attention of Hebrew Union College professor Jacob Mann, who finally published it in its entirety in 1930.All of the Cairo Geniza documents relevant to the life of Johannes of Oppido = Obadiah the Proselyte are available at a website dedicated to his life and writings.", "Q200405": "Sir John Vincent Hurt (22 January 1940 \u2013 25 January 2017) was an English actor whose career spanned more than 50 years.\nHurt came to prominence for his role as Richard Rich in the film A Man for All Seasons (1966) and gained BAFTA Award nominations for his portrayals of Timothy Evans in 10 Rillington Place (1971) and Quentin Crisp in television film The Naked Civil Servant (1975) \u2013 winning his first BAFTA for the latter. He played Caligula in the BBC TV series I, Claudius (1976). Hurt's performance in the prison drama Midnight Express (1978) brought him international renown and earned Golden Globe and BAFTA Awards, along with an Academy Award nomination. His BAFTA-nominated portrayal of astronaut Kane, in the science-fiction horror film Alien (1979), yielded a scene where an alien creature burst out of his chest. It has been named by several publications as one of the most memorable moments in cinema history.Hurt earned his third competitive BAFTA, along with his second Oscar and Golden Globe nominations, as John Merrick in David Lynch's biopic The Elephant Man (1980). Other significant roles during the 1980s included Bob Champion in biopic Champions (1984), Mr. Braddock in the Stephen Frears drama The Hit (1984), Winston Smith in Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984) and Stephen Ward in the drama depicting the Profumo affair, Scandal (1989). Hurt was again BAFTA-nominated for his work in Irish drama The Field (1990) and played the primary villain, James Graham, in the epic adventure Rob Roy (1995). His later films include the Harry Potter film series (2001\u201311), the Hellboy films (2004 and 2008), supernatural thriller The Skeleton Key (2005), western The Proposition (2005), political thriller V for Vendetta (2005), sci-fi adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) and the Cold War espionage film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011). Hurt reprised his role as Quentin Crisp in An Englishman in New York (2009), which brought his seventh BAFTA nomination. He portrayed the War Doctor in BBC TV series Doctor Who in 2013.Hurt was regarded as one of Britain's finest actors; director David Lynch described him as \"simply the greatest actor in the world\". He possessed what was described as the \"most distinctive voice in Britain\", likened by The Observer to \"nicotine sieved through dirty, moonlit gravel\". His voice acting career encompassed films such as Watership Down (1978), The Lord of the Rings (1978), The Plague Dogs (1982), The Black Cauldron (1985) and Dogville (2003), as well as BBC TV series Merlin (2008\u20132012). In 2012, he was honoured with the Lifetime Achievement BAFTA Award, in recognition of his \"outstanding contribution to cinema\". He was knighted in 2015 for his services to drama.", "Q2573683": "Antti Ahlstr\u00f6m (7 November 1827 \u2013 10 May 1896) founded the Ahlstrom Corporation. He was one of Finland's influential and wealthy 19th-century businessman. In addition, Ahlstr\u00f6m was an industrialist, ship owner, patron, commercial counselor and legislator.\nBetween 1866 and 1874, Antti Ahlstr\u00f6m's big business was shipping; he became the largest shipowner in Pori in 1871. It was in shipping that he earned the starting capital which he subsequently used to build his sawmill empire.\nThe purchase of the manor and iron works in Noormarkku in 1870 was a milestone in Antti Ahlstr\u00f6m's career: the purchase sealed his status as an important businessman and a \u2018lord of the manor\u2019. One month after the deed of sale was signed, his wife Margaretha Ahlstr\u00f6m died of a sudden illness. In the following year, Antti Ahlstr\u00f6m married again, this time to a woman 20 years his junior, Eva Holmstr\u00f6m.Ahlstr\u00f6m's business grew rapidly through major acquisitions, such as the iron works in Kauttua, Leineperi and Str\u00f6mfors and the sawmills in Haminaholma, Suursaari and Tampere.\nAntti Ahlstr\u00f6m was born in Merikarvia, and was a socially active citizen, representing the bourgeoisie of the Town of Pori at the Diet of the Estates in 1877\u20131878 and in 1894. He was awarded the highly distinguished honorary title of Commercial Counsellor in 1881. Ahlstr\u00f6m and his wife made considerable donations to public schools and to public education to further the national interest, and to the arts, for instance to the Finnish National Theatre and the Finnish National Opera. The Ahlstr\u00f6ms were also patrons to several Finnish artists, including Akseli Gallen-Kallela.When Antti Ahlstr\u00f6m died on 10 May 1896, in Helsinki, he left behind a fortune estimated at 11,4 million Finnish marks, which was Finland's largest at the time. Although difficult to estimate, this would likely be the equivalent of billions of Euro today.Antti Ahlstr\u00f6m was a natural talent as a businessman and left an enormous industrial, ethical and secular legacy.", "Q443773": "The Cry of the Owl is a 2009 thriller film based on Patricia Highsmith's book of the same name. The American-British-Canadian-French-German co-production was directed by Jamie Thraves and stars Paddy Considine, Julia Stiles, and Karl Pruner. This is the third filming of the book after the 1987 French film adaptation by Claude Chabrol and a German TV adaptation titled Der Schrei der Eule, also dating from 1987.\nAfter Robert Forrester is caught by Jenny Thierolf, the girl he has been spying on, he in turn becomes the victim of her obtrusive advances. The disappearance of Jenny's fianc\u00e9 Greg after a fight with Robert marks the beginning of a series of dangerous and ultimately fatal incidents.", "Q56760250": "Sony Music Entertainment (commonly referred to as Sony Music) is an American global music conglomerate owned by Sony Corporation of America and incorporated as a general partnership of Sony Music Holdings Inc. through Sony Entertainment, a subsidiary of the Japanese conglomerate Sony.It was originally founded in 1929 as American Record Corporation and renamed as Columbia Recording Corporation in 1938, following its acquisition by the Columbia Broadcasting System. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records, and Sony Corporation bought the company in 1988, renaming it under its current name in 1991. In 2004, Sony and Bertelsmann established a 50-50 joint venture known as Sony BMG, which transferred the businesses of Sony Music and Bertelsmann Music Group into one entity. However, in 2008, Sony acquired Bertelsmann's stake, and the company reverted to the Sony Music name shortly after; the buyout allowed Sony to acquire all of BMG's labels, and led to the dissolution of BMG, which instead relaunched as BMG Rights Management.\nAs of 2020, Sony Music Entertainment is the second largest of the \"Big Three\" record companies, behind Universal Music Group and ahead of Warner Music Group. Its music publishing division Sony/ATV is the largest music publisher in the world. It also owns 50% of SYCO Entertainment, which operates some of the world's most successful reality TV formats, including Got Talent and The X Factor.On July 17, 2019, Sony announced that Sony Music Entertainment and Sony/ATV would merge to become Sony Music Group. The merger was completed on August 1, 2019.\n\n", "Q770467": "The New York University Leonard N. Stern School of Business (commonly referred to as NYU Stern or Stern) is the business school of New York University. Founded in 1900, Stern is one of the oldest business schools in the world. It is located at Gould Plaza next to the Courant Institute of Mathematics and the economics department of the College of Arts and Sciences.Stern is a founding member of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. Established as the School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance in 1900, the school changed its name in 1988 in honor of Leonard N. Stern, an alumnus and benefactor of the school. US News and World Report ranks Stern as having the 5th best undergraduate business school in the nation, and having the 10th best graduate program. The school offers bachelor's degrees in business at the undergraduate level and Master of Business Administration degrees at the postgraduate level.Its alumni include some of the wealthiest in the world, as well as top business leaders and executives, including Henry Kaufman, Robert Greifeld, and Kenneth Langone. In 2018, Stern ranked 1st among US schools for careers in finance on Wall Street, accounting for 3.9% of hires among major investment banks.", "Q741862": "Massimo Bontempelli (12 May 1878 \u2013 21 July 1960) was an Italian poet, playwright, novelist and composer. He was influential in developing and promoting the literary style known as magical realism.\n\n", "Q408": "Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. It is the largest country in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest city is Sydney. The country's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, and Adelaide.\nIndigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century, who named it New Holland. In 1770, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788, a date which became Australia's national day. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the time of an 1850s gold rush, most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established. On 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy, comprising six states and ten territories.\nAustralia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres (2,941,300 sq mi). A megadiverse country, its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes, with deserts in the centre, tropical rainforests in the north-east, and mountain ranges in the south-east. Its population density, 2.8 inhabitants per square kilometre, remains among the lowest in the world. Australia generates its income from various sources including mining-related exports, telecommunications, banking, manufacturing, and international education.Australia is a highly developed country, with the world's 14th-largest economy. It has a high-income economy, with the world's tenth-highest per capita income. It is a regional power and has the world's 13th-highest military expenditure. Australia has the world's eighth-largest immigrant population, with immigrants accounting for 29% of the population. Having the third-highest human development index and the eighth-highest ranked democracy globally, the country ranks highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, civil liberties, and political rights, with all its major cities faring well in global comparative livability surveys. Australia is a member of the United Nations, G20, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Pacific Islands Forum, and the ASEAN Plus Six mechanism.", "Q399998": "Wee Kim Wee (Chinese: \u9ec4\u91d1\u8f89; pinyin: Hu\u00e1ng J\u012bnhu\u012b; 4 November 1915 \u2013 2 May 2005) was a Singaporean politician and the 4th President of Singapore & the commander-in-chief of the Singapore Armed Forces from 1985 to 1993. He was chosen by the Parliament of Singapore to be 4th President of Singapore when former president Devan Nair stepped down from the position and Wee was sworn in on 2 September 1985.\nWee was the Ambassador to the Republic of Korea from 1981 to 1984 , Ambassador to Japan from 1980 to 1984 & the High Commissioner to Malaysia from 1973 to 1980 before he was elected as the President of Singapore by the Parliament of Singapore.\n\n", "Q445302": "Judd Asher Nelson (born November 28, 1959) is an American actor best known for his roles as John Bender in The Breakfast Club, Alec Newbury in St. Elmo's Fire, Hot Rod / Rodimus Prime in The Transformers: The Movie and Transformers: Animated, Ryan Hunt in Billionaire Boys Club, Nick Peretti in New Jack City, Billy Beretti in Empire, and Jack Richmond in the television series Suddenly Susan.", "Q154952": "Willem-Alexander (Dutch: [\u02c8\u028b\u026al\u0259m a\u02d0l\u025bk\u02c8s\u0251nd\u0259r]; Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand; born 27 April 1967) is the reigning King of the Netherlands, having acceded to the throne following his mother's abdication in 2013.\nWillem-Alexander was born in Utrecht as the oldest child of Princess Beatrix and diplomat Claus van Amsberg. He became Prince of Orange as heir apparent upon his mother's accession as Queen on 30 April 1980, and succeeded her following her abdication on 30 April 2013. He went to public primary and secondary schools, served in the Royal Netherlands Navy, and studied history at Leiden University. He married M\u00e1xima Zorreguieta Cerruti in 2002 and they have three daughters: Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange (born 2003), Princess Alexia (born 2005), and Princess Ariane (born 2007).\nWillem-Alexander is interested in sports and international water management issues. Until his accession to the throne, he was a member of the International Olympic Committee (1998\u20132013), chairman of the Advisory Committee on Water to the Dutch Minister of Infrastructure and the Environment (2004\u20132013), and chairman of the Secretary-General of the United Nations' Advisory Board on Water and Sanitation (2006\u20132013).\n\n", "Q353049": "Shou Wan Por (Chinese: \u4ec7\u96f2\u6ce2, born July 17, 1960), known professionally as Robin Shou, is a Hong Kong Chinese actor, martial artist and stuntman. Known for his role as Liu Kang in the Mortal Kombat film series (1995 and 1997), as Gobei in Beverly Hills Ninja (1997 starring Chris Farley), as Gen in Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li (2009), and as 14K in Death Race films (2008-2013), Shou was also a Hong Kong action star in the late 1980s and early 1990s and has appeared in about 40 movies during his Hong Kong career before he entered Hollywood since 1994.\n\n", "Q2297038": "Danae Stratou (Greek: \u0394\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b7 \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5) is a Greek visual and installation artist and former adjunct professor of fine art. She was born in Athens in 1964.", "Q36687": "Victoria (abbreviated as Vic) is a state in south-eastern Australia. Victoria is Australia's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state (after New South Wales), making it the most densely populated state. Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay, which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city, Melbourne, Australia's second-largest city. Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south, New South Wales to the north, the Tasman Sea (a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean) to the east, and South Australia to the west.\nThe area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups, including the Boon wurrung, the Bratauolung, the Djadjawurrung, the Gunai/Kurnai, the Gunditjmara, the Taungurong, the Wathaurong, the Wurundjeri, and the Yorta Yorta. There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia. The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state.With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788, Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales. The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay, and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District, an administrative division of New South Wales. Named in honour of Queen Victoria, who signed the division's separation from New South Wales, the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855.\nThe Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony, and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901, Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia. Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927, with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne.\nPolitically, Victoria has 38 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate. At state level, the Parliament of Victoria consists of the Legislative Assembly (the lower house) and the Legislative Council (the upper house). The Labor Party, led by Daniel Andrews as premier, has governed Victoria since 2014. The personal representative of the Queen of Australia in the state is the Governor of Victoria, currently Linda Dessau (in office since 2015). Victoria is divided into 79 municipal districts, including 33 cities, although a number of unincorporated areas still exist, which the state administers directly.\nThe economy of Victoria is highly diversified, with service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality, and manufacturing constitute the majority of employment. Victoria's total gross state product (GSP) ranks second in Australia, although Victoria ranks sixth in terms of GSP per capita because of its limited mining activity. Culturally, Melbourne hosts a number of museums, art galleries, and theatres, and is also described as the world's sporting capital. The Melbourne Cricket Ground, the largest stadium in Australia and the Southern Hemisphere, hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games. The ground is also considered the \"spiritual home\" of Australian cricket and Australian rules football, and hosts the grand final of the Australian Football League (AFL) each year, drawing crowds of approximately 100,000. Nearby Melbourne Park has hosted the Australian Open, one of tennis' four Grand Slam events, annually since 1988. Victoria has eight public universities, with the oldest, the University of Melbourne, dating from 1853.", "Q726147": "Jerrell C. Jones (born March 28, 1986), better known by his stage name J-Kwon, is an American rapper from St. Louis best known for his 2004 rap single \"Tipsy,\" which rose to number 2 in 2004.", "Q3069": "Bottrop (German pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u0254t\u0281\u0254p] (listen)) is a city in west central Germany, on the Rhine-Herne Canal, in North Rhine-Westphalia. Located in the Ruhr industrial area, Bottrop adjoins Essen, Oberhausen, Gladbeck and Dorsten. The city had been a coal-mining and rail center and contains factories producing coal-tar derivatives, chemicals, textiles, and machinery. Bottrop grew as a mining center beginning in the 1860s, was chartered as a city in 1921, and bombed during the Oil Campaign of World War II. In 1975 it unified with the neighbour communities of Gladbeck and Kirchhellen, but Gladbeck left it in 1976, leading to Kirchhellen becoming a district of Bottrop as Bottrop-Kirchhellen. It is also twinned with Blackpool, England. \n\n", "Q61907": "Georg Ratzinger PA (born 15 January 1924) is a German Catholic priest and musician, known for his work as the conductor of the Regensburger Domspatzen, the cathedral choir of Regensburg, Germany. He is the elder brother of Pope emeritus Benedict XVI (Joseph Ratzinger). His grand-uncle was the German politician Georg Ratzinger.", "Q6246180": "John Macallan Swan (December 9, 1846 - February 14, 1910) was an English painter and sculptor.", "Q16557": "Dallas () is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the largest city and seat of Dallas County, with portions extending into Collin, Denton, Kaufman and Rockwall counties. With an estimated 2018 population of 1,345,076, it is the ninth most-populous city in the U.S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio. Located in North Texas, the city of Dallas is the main core of the largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States and the largest inland metropolitan area in the U.S. that lacks any navigable link to the sea. It is the most populous city in the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth metroplex, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country at 7.5 million people.Dallas and nearby Fort Worth were initially developed due to the construction of major railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton, cattle and later oil in North and East Texas. The construction of the Interstate Highway System reinforced Dallas's prominence as a transportation hub, with four major interstate highways converging in the city and a fifth interstate loop around it. Dallas then developed as a strong industrial and financial center and a major inland port, due to the convergence of major railroad lines, interstate highways and the construction of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, one of the largest and busiest airports in the world. In addition, Dallas has DART (Dallas Area Rapid Transit) with different colored train lines that transport throughout the metroplex.\nDominant sectors of its diverse economy include defense, financial services, information technology, telecommunications, and transportation. Dallas is home to 9 Fortune 500 companies within the city limits. The Dallas\u2013Fort Worth metroplex hosts additional Fortune 500 companies, including American Airlines (Fort Worth) and ExxonMobil (Irving). Over 41 colleges and universities are located within its metropolitan area, which is the most of any metropolitan area in Texas. The city has a population from a myriad of ethnic and religious backgrounds and one of the largest LGBT communities in the U.S. WalletHub named Dallas the fifth most-diverse city in the U.S. in 2018.", "Q972641": "For other people named John Whitehead, see John Whitehead (disambiguation).John Cunningham Whitehead (April 2, 1922 \u2013 February 7, 2015) was an American banker and civil servant, a board member of the World Trade Center Memorial Foundation (WTC Memorial Foundation), and, until his resignation in May 2006, chairman of the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation.", "Q674615": "Erno Paasilinna (14 March 1935, in Petsamo \u2013 30 September 2000, in Tampere) was a Finnish writer and journalist. He received several literary prizes, the most notable being the Finlandia Prize in 1984 for his collection of essays Yksin\u00e4isyys ja uhma (\"Loneliness and Defiance\"). His works have been translated into Estonian, Hungarian, Swedish, Norwegian, Russian and Latvian.\nErno Paasilinna has been titled the \"national cynic laureate\" and \"official state critic\" due to his uncompromising views and lack of admiration for his human fellows. His incisive analysis of power and the powerful shook the fundaments of Finnish society, but were widely recognized to be impartial, swiping those ideologically close to his heart as heavily as those whose ideology was diametrically opposed to his own.\nThe writers Reino, Mauri and Arto Paasilinna are his brothers.", "Q38872": "Prussia (; German: Preu\u00dfen, pronounced [\u02c8p\u0281\u0254\u028fsn\u0329] (listen), Old Prussian: Pr\u016bsa or Pr\u016bsija) was a historically prominent German state that originated in 1525 with a duchy centered on the region of Prussia on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It was de facto dissolved by an emergency decree transferring powers of the Prussian government to German Chancellor Franz von Papen in 1932 and de jure by an Allied decree in 1947. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organised and effective army. Prussia, with its capital first in K\u00f6nigsberg and then, in 1701, in Berlin, decisively shaped the history of Germany.\nIn 1871, most German states (notably excluding Austria and Switzerland) united to create the German Empire under Prussian leadership. In November 1918, the monarchies were abolished and the nobility lost its political power during the German Revolution of 1918\u201319. The Kingdom of Prussia was thus abolished in favour of a republic\u2014the Free State of Prussia, a state of Germany from 1918 until 1933. From 1933, Prussia lost its independence as a result of the Prussian coup, when the Nazi regime was successfully establishing its Gleichschaltung laws in pursuit of a unitary state. With the end of the Nazi regime, in 1945, the division of Germany into Allied occupation zones and the separation of its territories east of the Oder\u2013Neisse line, which were incorporated into Poland and the Soviet Union, the State of Prussia ceased to exist de facto. Prussia existed de jure until its formal abolition by the Allied Control Council Enactment No. 46 of 25 February 1947.The name Prussia derives from the Old Prussians; in the 13th century, the Teutonic Knights\u2014an organized Catholic medieval military order of German crusaders\u2014conquered the lands inhabited by them. In 1308, the Teutonic Knights conquered the region of Pomerelia with Gda\u0144sk (Danzig). Their monastic state was mostly Germanised through immigration from central and western Germany, and, in the south, it was Polonised by settlers from Masovia. The Second Peace of Thorn (1466) split Prussia into the western Royal Prussia, a province of Poland, and the eastern part, from 1525 called the Duchy of Prussia, a fief of the Crown of Poland up to 1657. The union of Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia in 1618 led to the proclamation of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701.\nPrussia entered the ranks of the great powers shortly after becoming a kingdom, and exercised most influence in the 18th and 19th centuries. During the 18th century it had a major say in many international affairs under the reign of Frederick the Great. During the 19th century Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck united the German principalities into a \"Lesser Germany\", which excluded the Austrian Empire.\nAt the Congress of Vienna (1814\u201315), which redrew the map of Europe following Napoleon's defeat, Prussia acquired rich new territories, including the coal-rich Ruhr. The country then grew rapidly in influence economically and politically, and became the core of the North German Confederation in 1867, and then of the German Empire in 1871. The Kingdom of Prussia was now so large and so dominant in the new Germany that Junkers and other Prussian \u00e9lites identified more and more as Germans and less as Prussians.\nThe Kingdom ended in 1918 along with other German monarchies that collapsed as a result of the German Revolution. In the Weimar Republic, the Free State of Prussia lost nearly all of its legal and political importance following the 1932 coup led by Franz von Papen. Subsequently, it was effectively dismantled into Nazi German Gaue in 1935. Nevertheless, some Prussian ministries were kept and Hermann G\u00f6ring remained in his role as Minister President of Prussia until the end of World War II. Former eastern territories of Germany that made up a significant part of Prussia lost the majority of their German population after 1945 as the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union both absorbed these territories and had most of its German inhabitants expelled by 1950. Prussia, deemed a bearer of militarism and reaction by the Allies, was officially abolished by an Allied declaration in 1947. The international status of the former eastern territories of Germany was disputed until the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany in 1990, while its return to Germany remains a topic among far right politicians, the Federation of Expellees and various political revisionists.\nThe term Prussian has often been used, especially outside Germany, to emphasise professionalism, aggressiveness, militarism and conservatism of the Junker class of landed aristocrats in the East who dominated first Prussia and then the German Empire.", "Q923368": "Mark Bitterman (born December 22, 1966) is an American food writer and entrepreneur. He is the owner of The Meadow, a boutique that specializes in finishing salts and other products. The Meadow was founded in Portland, Oregon, in 2006 and expanded to the West Village in New York City in 2010. Bitterman has published two books on the use of boutique salts with food. He consults with restaurateurs and lectures at culinary academies about the use of finishing salts and Himalayan salt blocks.", "Q838984": "Fun (stylized fun.) is an American pop band based in New York City. The band was formed by Nate Ruess (former lead singer of The Format), Andrew Dost (formerly of Anathallo), and Jack Antonoff (of Steel Train and Bleachers). To date, Fun has released two albums: Aim and Ignite in August 2009 and Some Nights in February 2012.\nThe band is best known for three hit singles from Some Nights: Grammy Award-winning \"We Are Young\" featuring Janelle Mon\u00e1e, \"Some Nights\", and \"Carry On\". \"We Are Young\" reached number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and Digital Songs charts. It also peaked at number one in the United Kingdom. \"Some Nights\" was released as the album's second single in June 2012, peaking at number three on the Hot 100 chart and becoming Fun's second Top 10 single, as well as the band's second song to reach platinum status in the United States.\nFun's song \"We Are Young\" won the Grammy awards for Best New Artist and Song of the Year in 2013. Additionally, Fun was a nominee for four other Grammy Awards: Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo or Group Performance (both for \"We Are Young\") along with Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album (both for Some Nights).\n\n", "Q443015": "Ann Bradford Davis (May 3, 1926 \u2013 June 1, 2014) was an American actress. She achieved prominence for her role in the NBC situation comedy The Bob Cummings Show (1955\u20131959), for which she twice won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, but she was best known for playing the part of Alice Nelson, the housekeeper in ABC's The Brady Bunch (1969\u20131974).", "Q59240": "Two Weeks in Another Town is a 1962 American drama film directed by Vincente Minnelli and starring Kirk Douglas, Edward G. Robinson, Cyd Charisse, Claire Trevor, Daliah Lavi, George Hamilton, and Rosanna Schiaffino. It was based on a novel by Irwin Shaw.\nThe film depicts the shooting of a romantic costume drama in Rome by a team of decadent Hollywood stars, during the Hollywood on the Tiber era. It contains several references to The Bad and the Beautiful, a previous successful movie directed by Minnelli, also starring Douglas.\nThe story was seen by some as a depiction of the relationships among Tyrone Power, Linda Christian and Darryl Zanuck. At the time of its release, the film was seen as a box-office failure, with overall losses totaling approximately $3 million.", "Q435183": "Caroline Dhavernas (; born May 15, 1978) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her work with Bryan Fuller on his projects, such as Jaye Tyler in the Fox comedy-drama series Wonderfalls, and Alana Bloom in the NBC psychological horror drama series Hannibal. She also starred as Lily Brenner in the ABC medical drama Off the Map. From 2017 to 2019, she portrayed the titular character in the Canada-produced and Canadian- and American-distributed medical drama-black comedy Mary Kills People.", "Q104803": "Angela Finger-Erben (born 2 February 1980 in Nuremberg) is a German TV presenter and journalist for RTL Television.\nFinger-Erben grew up and went to school in Nuremberg where she received vocational training in advertising before later studying media management at the Hochschule Mittweida. As part of her study abroad programme, she worked on the set of Lost as a director's assistant. Since 2006 she has been working for RTL Television.\nUntil 2012 Finger-Erben's partner was the comedian Simon Gosejohann.", "Q69383": "Hinwil is a municipality in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q867258": "Jayson Sherlock (born 1970) is a Christian metal musician from Australia. He began his career in the Australian death metal band Mortification, which was considered to be a major pioneer in the genre. Sherlock was the founder of the one-man project Unblack metal band Horde, in which he played every instrument. He has also been in other bands such as Paramaecium, inExordium, Altera Enigma, and Soundscape. During 2012, he was the drummer for Deliverance. He is currently the drummer for the death metal band Revulsed.", "Q352431": "Adaptation. is a 2002 American comedy-drama metafilm directed by Spike Jonze and written by Charlie Kaufman. The film stars Nicolas Cage as Kaufman and his fictional twin brother Donald, Meryl Streep as Susan Orlean, and Chris Cooper as John Laroche, with Cara Seymour, Brian Cox, Tilda Swinton, Ron Livingston, and Maggie Gyllenhaal in supporting roles.\nIt is based both on Orlean's nonfiction book The Orchid Thief and Kaufman's experience attempting to adapt the book into a screenplay while suffering from writer's block. Adaptation also adds a number of fictitious elements, including Kaufman's twin brother (also credited as a writer for the film) and a romance between Orlean and Laroche, and culminates in completely invented events including fictional versions of Orlean and Laroche three years after the events related in The Orchid Thief.\nAdaptation received awards at the 75th Academy Awards, 60th Golden Globe Awards, and 56th British Academy Film Awards, with Cooper winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and Kaufman winning the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. A British Film Institute poll ranked it one of the thirty best films of the 2000s.", "Q282412": "Ye Shengtao (28 October 1894 \u2013 16 February 1988) was a Chinese writer, journalist, educator, publisher and politician. He was a founder of the Association for Literary Studies (\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6703), the first literature association during the May Fourth Movement in China. He served as the Vice-Minister of Culture of the People's Republic of China.\nThroughout his life, he was dedicated to publishing and language education. He subscribed to the philosophy that \"Literature is for Life\" (\u6587\u5b78\u70ba\u4eba\u751f).", "Q349777": "Adam Hochschild (; born October 5, 1942) is an American author, journalist, historian and lecturer. His best-known works include King Leopold's Ghost (1998), To End All Wars: A Story of Loyalty and Rebellion, 1914\u20131918 (2011), Bury the Chains (2005), The Mirror at Midnight (1990), The Unquiet Ghost (1994), and Spain in Our Hearts (2016).", "Q1387009": "Hugo Mario Montenegro (September 2, 1925 \u2013 February 6, 1981)) was an American orchestra leader and composer of film soundtracks. His best known work is derived from interpretations of the music from Spaghetti Westerns, especially his cover version of Ennio Morricone's main theme from the 1966 film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. He composed the musical score for the 1969 Western Charro! which starred Elvis Presley.", "Q110876": "Julia Haacke (born 2 September 1971 in Munich) is a German actress and voice actress.", "Q346444": "Howard Dwaine Dorough (born August 22, 1973) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor. He is a member and co-founder of American music group Backstreet Boys.", "Q121473": "Erwin C. Dietrich (4 October 1930 in Glarus \u2013 15 March 2018 in Zurich) was a Swiss film director, producer and actor, often regarded as one of the most influential cinematographers in Switzerland.", "Q2405701": "Terrence B. \"Terry\" Miller (November 10, 1942 \u2013 April 13, 1989) was an American businessman and politician. Miller served as the lieutenant governor of Alaska from 1978 to 1982. His political career, which began while he was in his early 20s, lasted over two decades and was cut short by his death from bone cancer at age 46.", "Q160349": "Charles VI (3 December 1368 \u2013 21 October 1422), called the Beloved (French: le Bien-Aim\u00e9) and the Mad (French: le Fol or le Fou), was King of France for 42 years, from 1380 until his death.", "Q131660": "Dominique Marie Fran\u00e7ois Ren\u00e9 Galouzeau de Villepin (French: [d\u0254minik d\u0259 vilp\u025b\u0303] (listen); born 14 November 1953) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 31 May 2005 to 17 May 2007 under President Jacques Chirac.\nIn his career working at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, De Villepin rose through the ranks of the French right as one of Chirac's prot\u00e9g\u00e9s. He came into the international spotlight as Minister of Foreign Affairs with his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, one year after his appointment to the office, which culminated with a speech to the United Nations. Before his tenure as Prime Minister, he also served as Minister of the Interior (2004\u20132005).\nAfter being replaced by Fran\u00e7ois Fillon as Prime Minister, De Villepin was indicted in connection with the Clearstream affair, but was subsequently cleared of charges of complicity in allowing false accusations to proceed against presidential rival Nicolas Sarkozy regarding bribes paid on a sale of warships to Taiwan. De Villepin enjoyed a modest return to public favour for his public critique of President Sarkozy's style of \"imperial rule.\"He has written poetry, a book about poetry, and several historical and political essays, along with a study of Napoleon. Villepin is an honorary member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation.", "Q140099": "Hahm Eun-jung (born December 12, 1988), known professionally as Eunjung and also Elsie, is a South Korean singer and actress. In 1995, she won Little Miss Korea competition at the age of seven and debuted as a child actress in the same year with the television drama A New Generation of Adults (1995). Since then, she has taken on several minor roles in movies, television series and also being cast in various commercial films. After three years of training, she debuted as a member of South Korean girl group T-ara in July 2009. She debuted as a solo artist by the name Elsie with her EP, I'm Good, on May 7, 2015.", "Q286674": "Em\u00edlia M\u00e1rkus, (married name Pulszky; September 10, 1860 \u2013 December 24, 1949), was a Hungarian aristocrat, politician and the most renowned actress of her time in Hungary, known for her roles in a number of Hungarian theatrical and film productions, including Three Spinsters (1936), A t\u00e1ncz (1901) and Az aranyhaj\u00fa szfinksz (1914).", "Q161057": "The Fraunhofer Society (German: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur F\u00f6rderung der angewandten Forschung e.\u202fV., \"Fraunhofer Society for the Advancement of Applied Research\") is a German research organization with 72 institutes spread throughout Germany, each focusing on different fields of applied science (as opposed to the Max Planck Society, which works primarily on basic science). With some 26,600 employees, mainly scientists and engineers and with an annual research budget of about \u20ac2.6 billion it is the biggest organization for applied research and development services in Europe. \nSome basic funding for the Fraunhofer Society is provided by the state (the German public, through the federal government together with the states or L\u00e4nder, \"owns\" the Fraunhofer Society), but more than 70% of the funding is earned through contract work, either for government-sponsored projects or from industry.It is named after Joseph von Fraunhofer who, as a scientist, an engineer, and an entrepreneur, is said to have superbly exemplified the goals of the society.\nThe organization has seven centers in the United States, under the name \"Fraunhofer USA\", and three in Asia. In October 2010, Fraunhofer announced that it would open its first research center in South America.\nFraunhofer UK Research Ltd was established as a legally independent affiliate along with its Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics, in Glasgow, Scotland, in March 2012.", "Q43218": "Arzier-Le Muids is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q482649": "Seoul Institute of the Arts is a prominent educational institution specializing in the Arts. The school has nurtured many graduates who are actively working in art related fields within Korea as well as internationally. The Namsan campus in the heart of Seoul is used for presentation of arts productions and convergence with industry. The Ansan Campus opened in 2001 and is used for educational training, which aims to tear down barriers between disciplines, genres, and majors. The Institute continues to be a forerunner in globalization of Korean arts and creation of new forms of arts.", "Q350226": "Eric IV, also known as Eric Ploughpenny or Eric Plowpenny (Danish: Erik Plovpenning), (c.\u20091216 \u2013 10 August 1250) was king of Denmark from 1241 until his death in 1250. He was the son of Valdemar II of Denmark by his wife, Berengaria of Portugal, and brother of King Abel of Denmark and King Christopher I of Denmark\n\n", "Q75972": "Berndt Seite (born 22 April 1940 in Hahnswalde, Trebnitz) is a German politician. He was the 2nd minister president of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern from 1992 to 1998 and the 45th president of the German Bundesrat in 1992.\n\n", "Q86152": "Robert Eduard Prutz (30 May 1816 \u2013 21 June 1872) was a German poet and prose writer.\nHe was born at Stettin, modern day Szczecin. He studied philology, philosophy and history at Berlin, Breslau, and Halle, and in the last-named became associated, after taking his degree, with Arnold Ruge in the publication of the Hallesche Jahrb\u00fccher. Subjected on account of his advanced political views to police surveillance, he removed to Jena, where, on the strength of an excellent monograph, Der G\u00f6ttinger Dichterbund (1841), he hoped to obtain an academic appointment. He was, however, expelled from the town for offending against the press laws, and it was not until 1846 that he received permission to lecture in Berlin. From 1849 to 1859 he was extraordinary professor of literature at Halle, but retired in 1859 to Stettin, where he died in 1872.\nPrutz belonged to the group of political poets who dominated German literature between 1841 and 1848; his poems are more conspicuous for their liberal tendency than their poetry. Among them may be mentioned Ein M\u00e4rchen (1841); Gedichte (1841); Aus der Heimat (1858); Neue Gedichte (1860); Herbstrosen (i865); Buch der Liebe (1869). Among his novels are noteworthy, Das Engelchen (1851) and Der Musikantenturm (1855). Much more important are his contributions to literary history and criticism: Vorlesungen \u00fcber die Geschichte des deutschen Theaters (1847); Ludwig Holberg (1857); Die deutsche Literatur der Gegenwart (1859), and Menschen und B\u00fccher (1862). Prutz also wrote some dramas of little merit.\nHis son Hans Prutz was a notable historian.", "Q14430": "Ignacy Ewaryst Daszy\u0144ski (pronounced [i\u0261\u02c8nats\u0268 da\u02c8\u0282\u0268j\u0303sk\u02b2i] (listen); Zbara\u017c, 26 October 1866 \u2013 31 October 1936, Bystra \u015al\u0105ska) was a Polish socialist politician, journalist, and very briefly Prime Minister of the Second Polish Republic's first government, formed in Lublin in 1918.\nIn October 1892 he cofounded the Polish Social Democratic Party (Polish abbreviation: PPSD), a precursor to the Polish Socialist Party (PPS). In 1897 he was elected to the Austrian Parliament and remained there until 1918.\nFrom 1903 he took part in several congresses and gatherings of the International Socialist Party, advocating for the independence and reunification of all Polish territories, as an integral part of the Polish socialist program. In 1912 he began a long collaboration with future Marshal and Chief of State J\u00f3zef Pilsudski. He was appointed editor-in-chief of the Socialist newspaper Naprz\u00f3d (Forward), published in Krak\u00f3w.\nFollowing World War I, Daszy\u0144ski cofounded the Polish National Committee, and for a few days he served as head of the provisional government formed in the city of Lublin on 7 November 1918. On 26 January 1919 he was elected to the Polish Sejm, and was re-elected in 1922, 1928, and 1930. From July 1920 to January 1921 he served as deputy prime minister in a Government of National Unity led by politician and diplomat Wincenty Witos.\nThough he strongly supported J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski during the May 1926 Coup, he later joined the center-left opposition. From 1928 to 1930 he was the third Marshal of the Sejm. When Pi\u0142sudski entered the Sejm chamber, accompanied by a sizable military escort, Daszy\u0144ski refused to open the Sejm session. He ended his political career in 1930 when Pi\u0142sudski dissolved the Sejm.\nIn his journalistic and underground activities, he used the pseudonyms Daszek, \u017begota, and Ignis.", "Q351648": "Adamo Angelo Ruggiero (born June 9, 1986) is a Canadian actor best known for his role as Marco Del Rossi in Degrassi: The Next Generation.", "Q242620": "Inga DeCarlo Fung Marchand (born September 6, 1978), better known by her stage name Foxy Brown, is an American rapper. After signing to Def Jam in 1996, she released her debut album, Ill Na Na, that same year, and was also part of the short-lived rap group the Firm.\nHer second album Chyna Doll, arrived in 1999, and her third, the Grammy-nominated Broken Silence, in 2001. The Firm's sole album arrived in 1997. Since 2001, she has featured on songs, but has not released any albums.\nIn 2003, she left Def Jam and cancelled the release of her Ill Na Na 2 album, but returned in 2005 once Jay-Z, then the label's president and CEO, signed her again to begin work on her new album Black Roses.\nHer mixtape Brooklyn Don Diva was released in May 2008, and her visual album, King Soon Come, was slated for 2019 release.From 2005 to 2006, Brown experienced hearing loss, but had surgery for it. She also has a substantial history of assault and menacing.", "Q1760473": "The Principality of Abkhazia (Georgian: \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd, translit.: apkhazetis samtavro) emerged as a separate feudal entity in the 15th-16th centuries, amid the civil wars in the Kingdom of Georgia that concluded with the dissolution of the unified Georgian monarchy. The principality retained a degree of autonomy under the Ottoman, and then the Russian rule, but was eventually absorbed into the Russian Empire in 1864.", "Q25835": "Cast a Giant Shadow is a 1966 big-budget action film based on the life of Colonel Mickey Marcus, and stars Kirk Douglas, Senta Berger, Yul Brynner, John Wayne, Frank Sinatra and Angie Dickinson. Melville Shavelson adapted, produced and directed. The film is a fictionalized account of the experiences of a real-life Jewish-American military officer, Colonel David \"Mickey\" Marcus, who commanded units of the fledgling Israel Defense Forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.", "Q89261": "Anna Wilhelmine Gmeyner (16 March 1902 \u2013 3 January 1991) was an exiled German and Austrian author, playwright and scriptwriter, who is now best known for her novel Manja (1939). She also wrote under the names Anna Reiner, and Anna Morduch. Her daughter was the children's writer Eva Ibbotson.\n\n", "Q214466": "Nickolas Gene Carter (born January 28, 1980) is an American musician, singer and actor. He is best known as a member of the pop group the Backstreet Boys. As of 2015, Carter has released three solo albums, Now or Never, I'm Taking Off and All American during breaks between Backstreet Boys schedules, and a collaboration with Jordan Knight titled Nick & Knight. He has made occasional television appearances and starred in his own reality shows, House of Carters and I (Heart) Nick Carter. He gained fame in the mid 1990s and early 2000s as a teen idol.", "Q286104": "Jean Negulesco (born Ioan Negulescu; 29 February 1900 (O.S.) \u2013 18 July 1993) was a Romanian-American film director and screenwriter.He was called \"the first real master of CinemaScope\".", "Q177145": "The Old Man and the Sea (\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435) is a 1999 paint-on-glass-animated short film directed by Russian animator Aleksandr Petrov, based on the novel of the same name by Ernest Hemingway. The film won many awards, including the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. Work on the film took place in Montreal over a period of two and a half years and was funded by an assortment of Russian, Canadian and Japanese companies. French and English-language soundtracks to the film were released concurrently.", "Q338826": "Stanislav Kostka Neumann (June 5, 1875, in Prague \u2013 June 28, 1947, in Prague) was Czech writer, poet, and journalist. He has undergone many stages of creative: symbolist (I Am an Apostle of the New Life), anarchist (A Dream About a Crowd of Desperate People, and Other Verses), landscape lyric (The Book of Forests, Hills, and Waters), civilist (New Songs), communist (Red Songs) and others. He was one of the founders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. He was a mentor of Jaroslav Seifert (Seifert dedicated his first book to Neumann).", "Q119844": "Hermann K. Gummel (born 5 July 1923 in Hanover, Germany) is a pioneer in the semiconductor industry.\nGummel received his Diploma in physics (1952) from Philipps University in Marburg, Germany. He received his M.S. (1952) and Ph.D. (1957) degrees in theoretical semiconductor physics from Syracuse University. Gummel joined Bell Laboratories in 1956; his doctoral advisor, Melvin Lax, had moved from Syracuse University to Bell the previous year. At Bell, Gummel made important contributions to the design and simulation of the semiconductor devices used throughout modern electronics.Among the most important of his contributions are the Gummel\u2013Poon model which made accurate simulation of bipolar transistors possible and which was central to the development of the SPICE program; Gummel's method, used to solve the equations for the detailed behavior of individual bipolar transistors,; and the Gummel plot, used to characterize bipolar transistors. Gummel also created one of the first personal workstations, based on HP minicomputers and Tektronix terminals and used for VLSI design and layout, and MOTIS, the first MOS timing simulator and the basis of \"fast SPICE\" programs.\nIn 1983, Gummel received the David Sarnoff Award \"for contributions and leadership in device analysis and development of computer-aided design tools for semiconductor devices and circuits\". In 1985, Gummel was elected to the United States National Academy of Engineering for \"contributions and leadership in the analysis and computer-aided design of semiconductor devices and circuits.\". In 1994, he was the first recipient of Phil Kaufman Award.", "Q215778": "Marie Fran\u00e7ois Sadi Carnot (French: [ma\u0281i f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa sadi ka\u0281no]; 11 August 1837 \u2013 25 June 1894) was a French statesman, who served as the President of France from 1887 until his assassination in 1894.", "Q713854": "Antonio Campos (born March 8, 1973) is an American musician. He is the current bass player for the industrial metal bands Fear Factory, Static-X, and the vocalist and bassist for Asesino. He is a former bassist for metal bands Prong, Soulfly, Ministry and Possessed.", "Q1077426": "Chris Korda (born 1962) is a US antinatalist activist, techno musician, and software developer, and leader of the Church of Euthanasia. Korda is a transgender vegan and the great-niece of Hungarian-born film magnate Sir Alexander Korda. She is a graduate of the Hammonasset School.", "Q274392": "\u00c9douard Michelin (August 13, 1963 \u2013 May 26, 2006) was managing partner and co-chief executive of the Michelin Group. He was the great-grandson of \u00c9douard Michelin (1859\u20141940), a co-founder of the company.", "Q90730": "Fritz Streletz (born 28 September 1926 in Friedrichsgr\u00e4tz, then Weimar Germany) is a former army general of the GDR.In 1991, after the re-unification of Germany, Streletz was arrested. He was charged in February 1992 for the incitement to kill German civilians fleeing East Germany and was found guilty. He was sentenced to five years and six months in prison but was released in October 1997.\nStreletz remained committed to the GDR's ideals after re-unification.", "Q639065": "Stephen Jay Greenblatt (born November 7, 1943) is an American Shakespearean, literary historian, and author. He has served as the John Cogan University Professor of the Humanities at Harvard University since 2000. Greenblatt is the general editor of The Norton Shakespeare (2015) and the general editor and a contributor to The Norton Anthology of English Literature.\nGreenblatt is one of the founders of new historicism, a set of critical practices that he often refers to as \"cultural poetics\"; his works have been influential since the early 1980s when he introduced the term. Greenblatt has written and edited numerous books and articles relevant to New Historicism, the study of culture, Renaissance studies and Shakespeare studies and is considered to be an expert in these fields. He is also co-founder of the literary-cultural journal Representations, which often publishes articles by new historicists. His most popular work is Will in the World, a biography of Shakespeare that was on The New York Times Best Seller list for nine weeks. He won the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction in 2012 and the National Book Award for Nonfiction in 2011 for The Swerve: How the World Became Modern.", "Q129987": "William III (Dutch: Willem; 4 November 1650 \u2013 8 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from the 1670s and King of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until his death. Popular histories usually refer to his joint reign with his wife, Queen Mary II, as that of William and Mary. As King of Scotland, he is known as William II. He is sometimes informally known as \"King Billy\" in Northern Ireland and Scotland, where his victory at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 is still commemorated by Unionists and Ulster loyalists, often showing orange colours in his honour.\nWilliam was the only child of William II, Prince of Orange, who died a week before his birth, and Mary, Princess of Orange, the daughter of King Charles I of England. In 1677, during the reign of his uncle King Charles II of England, he married his cousin Mary, the fifteen-year-old daughter of Charles II's brother James, Duke of York. A Protestant, William participated in several wars against the powerful Catholic King Louis XIV of France, in coalition with Protestant and Catholic powers in Europe. Many Protestants heralded him as a champion of their faith. In 1685, his Catholic uncle and father-in-law, James, became King of England, Scotland and Ireland. James's reign was unpopular with the Protestant majority in Britain, who feared a revival of Catholicism. Supported by a group of influential British political and religious leaders, William invaded England in what became known as the Glorious Revolution. In 1688, he landed at the south-western English port of Brixham. Shortly afterwards, James was deposed.\nWilliam's reputation as a staunch Protestant enabled him and his wife to take power. During the early years of his reign, William was occupied abroad with the Nine Years' War (1688\u201397), leaving Mary to govern the kingdom alone. She died in 1694. In 1696, the Jacobites plotted unsuccessfully to assassinate William and return his father-in-law to the throne. William's lack of children and the death in 1700 of his nephew Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, the son of his sister-in-law Anne, threatened the Protestant succession. The danger was averted by placing distant relatives, the Protestant Hanoverians, in line. Upon his death in 1702, the king was succeeded in Britain by Anne and as titular Prince of Orange by his cousin, John William Friso.", "Q79838": "Accordions (from 19th-century German Akkordeon, from Akkord\u2014\"musical chord, concord of sounds\") are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows-driven free-reed aerophone type, colloquially referred to as a squeezebox. A person who plays the accordion is called an accordionist. The concertina and bandone\u00f3n are related. The harmonium and American reed organ are in the same family, but are typically larger than an accordion and sit on a surface or the floor.\nThe accordion is played by compressing or expanding the bellows while pressing buttons or keys, causing pallets to open, which allow air to flow across strips of brass or steel, called reeds. These vibrate to produce sound inside the body. Valves on opposing reeds of each note are used to make the instrument's reeds sound louder without air leaking from each reed block. The performer normally plays the melody on buttons or keys on the right-hand manual, and the accompaniment, consisting of bass and pre-set chord buttons, on the left-hand manual.\nThe accordion is widely spread across the world. In some countries (for example Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Mexico and Panama) it is used in popular music (for example Gaucho, Forr\u00f3 and Sertanejo in Brazil, Vallenato in Colombia, and norte\u00f1o in Mexico), whereas in other regions (such as Europe, North America and other countries in South America) it tends to be more used for dance-pop and folk music and is often used in folk music in Europe, North America and South America. In Europe and North America, some popular music acts also make use of the instrument. Additionally, the accordion is used in cajun, zydeco, jazz music and in both solo and orchestral performances of classical music.\nThe piano accordion is the official city instrument of San Francisco, California. Many conservatories in Europe have classical accordion departments. The oldest name for this group of instruments is harmonika, from the Greek harmonikos, meaning \"harmonic, musical\". Today, native versions of the name accordion are more common. These names refer to the type of accordion patented by Cyrill Demian, which concerned \"automatically coupled chords on the bass side\".", "Q95890": "David Scheller (born October 12, 1972) is a German actor.\nSince the early 1990s he appeared in many German TV- and film productions and also participated in a few international movies like Fay Grim or Extreme Ops. In series and films David Scheller often plays dubious characters and criminals.In one of his most famous roles, David Scheller stars as Dieter Bockhorn, the former companion of Uschi Obermaier in the German film Das Wilde Leben.\nDavid Scheller lives in Berlin.", "Q510329": "Carol Guzy (born March 7, 1956) is an American news photographer for The Washington Post. She has won the Pulitzer Prize four times\u2014one of five people to do so, and the first journalist with that achievement. Guzy was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1986, 1995, 2000, and 2011.", "Q632130": "The G\u00f6ttingen Seven (German: G\u00f6ttinger Sieben) were a group of seven liberal professors from G\u00f6ttingen. In 1837, they protested against the abolition or alteration of the constitution of the Kingdom of Hanover by its new ruler, King Ernest Augustus, and refused to swear an oath to the king. The company of seven was led by historian Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann, who himself was one of the key advocates of the unadulterated constitution. The other six were the Germanist brothers Wilhelm and Jacob Grimm (famed fairy tale and folk tale writers and storytellers, known together as the Brothers Grimm), jurist Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht, historian Georg Gottfried Gervinus, physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber, and theologian and orientalist Heinrich Georg August Ewald.", "Q1553015": "Carl Lilly Jr. (born March 11, 1983), better known by his stage name Gudda Gudda, is an American rapper from New Orleans. He was originally a member of Sqad Up with Kidd Kidd and Lil Wayne. After forging a long-time friendship with Wayne, he signed to Young Money Entertainment, and later Republic Records.", "Q840197": "Candlemass is a Swedish doom metal band established in Stockholm in 1984 by bassist, songwriter and bandleader Leif Edling and drummer Matz Ekstr\u00f6m. The band had a defining influence on doom metal, and the genre itself is named after their debut album Epicus Doomicus Metallicus. After releasing five full-length albums and touring extensively throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, Candlemass disbanded in 1994, but reunited three years later. After breaking up again in 2002, Candlemass reformed in 2004 and have continued to record and perform since then.", "Q352341": "Joseph Roger \"Joe\" O'Donnell (May 7, 1922 \u2013 August 9, 2007) was an American documentarian, photojournalist and a photographer for the United States Information Agency.", "Q17139": "Akita (\u79cb\u7530\u5e02, Akita-shi, Japanese: [a\ua71cki\u0325ta]) is the capital city of Akita Prefecture, Japan, and has been designated a core city since 1 April 1997.\nAs of 1 January 2020, the city has an estimated population of 305,625 in 136628 households, and a population density of 340 persons per km\u00b2. The total area of the city is 906.07 square kilometres (349.84 sq mi).", "Q314314": "James Friedrich Ludolf Hobrecht (31 December 1825 in Memel \u2013 8 September 1902 in Berlin) was a Prussian director for urban planning. His development plan of 1862 for a million-sized Berlin was soon to be simply called the Hobrecht-Plan. His main focus was on modern sewer systems for which he was well known in the late 19th century.", "Q363822": "Arthur Smith (April 1, 1921 \u2013 April 3, 2014) was an American musician, songwriter, and producer of records, as well as a radio and TV host. Smith produced radio and TV shows; The Arthur Smith Show was the first nationally syndicated country music show on television. After moving to Charlotte, North Carolina, Smith developed and ran the first commercial recording studio in the Southeast.Born in Clinton, South Carolina, Arthur Smith was a textile mill worker who became a celebrated and respected country music instrumental composer, guitarist, fiddler, and banjo player. One of his early hits was the instrumental \"Guitar Boogie,\" which he wrote and recorded in 1945. It sold over three million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA. The song earned him the moniker Arthur \"Guitar Boogie\" Smith (to differentiate him from Tennessee fiddler and 1930s Grand Ole Opry star Fiddlin' Arthur Smith). It was recorded by numerous other musicians, including Tommy Emmanuel, and became known around the world.\nRenamed \"Guitar Boogie Shuffle\", it became a rock and roll hit by Frank Virtue and the Virtues. Virtue served in the Navy with Smith and counted him as a major influence. Other musicians who have been influenced by Smith include Nashville studio ace Hank \"Sugarfoot\" Garland, Roy Clark, and Glen Campbell.Smith was also noted for his \"Feudin' Banjos\" (1955), which was also recorded by Lester Flatt. It was revived as \"Dueling Banjos\" and used as a theme song in the popular film, Deliverance (1972). Released as a single, it became a hit, played on Top 40, AOR, and country stations alike. It reached the Top Ten and hit #1 in the US and Canada. Because he was not credited in the film for the song, Smith sued Warner Brothers, and gained a settlement. Smith asked Warner Bros. to include his name on the official soundtrack listing, but reportedly asked to be omitted from the film credits because he found the film offensive.", "Q104815": "Minna Stern (20 March 1894 \u2013 25 May 1982), known professionally as Hermine Sterler, was a German-American actress whose career spanned both the silent and the talkie film eras on two continents.\n\n", "Q69395": "Karl Wilhelm Rudolf von Bennigsen (10 July 1824, L\u00fcneburg \u2013 7 August 1902, Bennigsen near Springe) was a German politician descended from an old Hanoverian family.", "Q92641": "Robert W \"Bob\" Floyd (June 8, 1936 \u2013 September 25, 2001) was a computer scientist.\nHis contributions include the design of the Floyd\u2013Warshall algorithm (independently of Stephen Warshall), which efficiently finds all shortest paths in a graph, Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm for detecting cycles in a sequence, and his work on parsing. In one isolated paper he introduced the important concept of error diffusion for rendering images, also called Floyd\u2013Steinberg dithering (though he distinguished dithering from diffusion). One achievement was pioneering the field of program verification using logical assertions with the 1967 paper Assigning Meanings to Programs. This was a contribution to what later became Hoare logic.\nFloyd received the Turing Award in 1978.", "Q3139642": "Rajat Kumar Gupta (Bengali pronunciation: [\u027e\u0254d\u0292ot kuma\u027e \u0261upto]; born (1948-12-02)December 2, 1948) is an Indian-American businessman who, as CEO, was the first foreign-born managing director of management consultancy firm McKinsey & Company from 1994 to 2003. In 2012, he was convicted for insider trading and spent two years in jail. Gupta was a board member of corporations including Goldman Sachs, Procter & Gamble and American Airlines, and an advisor to non-profits such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. He is the co-founder of the Indian School of Business, American India Foundation, New Silk Route and Scandent Solutions.\nGupta was convicted in June 2012 on insider trading charges of four criminal felony counts of conspiracy and securities fraud in the Galleon scandal. He was sentenced in October 2012 to two years in prison, an additional year on supervised release and ordered to pay $5 million in fines. His conviction was upheld by a Federal Appeals Court on March 25, 2014. He then lodged an appeal with the U.S. Supreme Court which was subsequently upheld in April 2015. An application to remain free until the court determined whether it would hear the appeal was denied in June 2014 leaving Gupta having to commence his two-year prison term that month. He was released on monitored house arrest in January 2016 and from house arrest in March 2016.\nGupta's memoir, Mind Without Fear, was published by Juggernaut Books and released in March 2019. In a detailed one hour interview subsequently, he described his side of the story, which he said he did not speak of during his trial, based on the advice of his lawyers.", "Q1350021": "The University of Wollongong (abbreviated as UOW) is an Australian public research university located in the coastal city of Wollongong, New South Wales, approximately 80 kilometres south of Sydney. As of 2017, the university had an enrolment of more than 32,000 students (including over 12,800 international students from 134 countries), an alumni base of more than 131,859 and over 2,400 staff members.In 1951, a division of the New South Wales University of Technology (known as the University of New South Wales from 1958) was established in Wollongong for the conduct of diploma courses. In 1961, the Wollongong University College of the University of New South Wales was constituted and the college was officially opened in 1962. In 1975 the University of Wollongong was established as an independent institution. Since its establishment, the university has conferred more than 120,000 degrees, diplomas and certificates. Its students, originally predominantly from the local Illawarra region, are now from over 140 countries, with international students accounting for more than 30 percent of total.The University of Wollongong has developed into a multi-campus institution, both domestically and globally. The Wollongong campus, the university's main campus, is on the original site five kilometres north-west of the city centre, and covers an area of 82.4 hectares with 94 permanent buildings. In addition, there are regional university campuses in Bega, Batemans Bay, Moss Vale and Shoalhaven, as well as three Sydney campuses, including the UOW Sydney Business School, the South Western Sydney campus in Liverpool and Southern Sydney campus in Loftus. Overseas, the university has a presence in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.", "Q1948916": "Michael Barson (born 21 April 1958) is a Scottish-born multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and composer. In a career spanning more than 40 years, Barson came to prominence in the late 1970s as the keyboard player for the band Madness.", "Q1456179": "Fridericus Rex (German: Fridericus Rex - 1. Teil: Sturm und Drang) is a 1922 German silent historical film directed by Arz\u00e9n von Cser\u00e9py and starring Otto Geb\u00fchr, Albert Steinr\u00fcck and Gertrud de Lalsky.\nIt portrays the life of the eighteenth century monarch Frederick the Great. Immensely popular, it was followed by three sequels and launched the Prussian film as a major German genre during the Weimar era.The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hans Dreier and Ern\u00f6 Metzner. The film was shot at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin. Location filming took place at the Charlottenburg Palace and other sites around historic Brandenburg.", "Q292617": "Emily Iris Robins (born 21 May 1989) is a New Zealand actress and singer. She was born to Danny Robins and Susan Robins. She is known for her role in the popular TV2 soap opera Shortland Street as Claire Simone Solomon (2004\u20132007), and for her role in the popular FOX 8 teen drama, SLiDE, where she portrayed Scarlett Carlyle. She was born in London, England but raised in New Zealand. She grew up in Orewa. She was involved with Centre Stage Theatre (an Orewa Theatre company).\nShe gained her place in Shortland Street by auditioning at high school, winning the part of Claire. She left the show in July 2007, when her character was found dead in a skip, by TK Samuels (Benjamin Mitchell) and Mark Weston (Tim Foley).\nIn 2007, she appeared in a stage performance of Arthur Miller's The Crucible, in Auckland City, New Zealand, where she portrayed the character of Susannah.\nIn 2008 Robins was cast as the lead in the Australian children's television program The Elephant Princess, playing protagonist Alexandra Wilson. The show ran for two seasons. The Elephant Princess had its name changed to The Rock Princess in the United Kingdom. In 2011 she was cast as Scarlett Carlyle in the Australian teen drama series SLiDE.\nRobins played the character of Toni in the 2016 TV2 drama series Filthy Rich.", "Q501542": "The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), also known as the Agriculture Department, is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, and food. It aims to meet the needs of farmers and ranchers, promotes agricultural trade and production, works to assure food safety, protects natural resources, fosters rural communities and works to end hunger in the United States and internationally.\nApproximately 80% of the USDA's $141 billion budget goes to the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) program. The largest component of the FNS budget is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly known as the Food Stamp program), which is the cornerstone of USDA's nutrition assistance.The current Secretary of Agriculture is Sonny Perdue.", "Q826574": "Bernard \"Bernie\" Privin (February 12, 1919, New York City - October 8, 1999, New York City) was an American jazz trumpeter.\nPrivin was an autodidact on trumpet and played professionally while in his teens. He became a member of Harry Reser's band in 1937, then worked with Bunny Berigan, Tommy Dorsey, Artie Shaw, Charlie Barnet, Mal Hallett, and Benny Goodman. He was drafted in 1943 and played from 1943 to 1946 with the Glenn Miller Army Air Force Band in Europe. After returning to the United States, he worked with Goodman once more, then became a staff musician for radio and television; he worked with NBC and then CBS, the latter well into the 1960s. Concomitantly he played as a session musician, especially with Goodman throughout the 1950s, as well as for musicians such as Sy Oliver and Al Caiola.\nPrivin played frequently in Europe from the 1960s onward; he played in Sweden multiple times in the 1960s, and was a member of the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra, under the direction of Warren Covington and Pee Wee Erwin, for tours of Europe in the mid-1970s. He was a member of the New York Jazz Repertory Company when it toured the Soviet Union in 1975.", "Q216517": "Fianna F\u00e1il ( fee-AN-\u0259 FALL, Irish: [\u02ccf\u02b2i\u0259n\u032a\u02e0\u0259 \u02c8f\u02e0a\u02d0l\u02b2] (listen); meaning 'Soldiers of Destiny' or 'Warriors of F\u00e1l'), officially Fianna F\u00e1il \u2013 The Republican Party (Irish: Fianna F\u00e1il \u2013 An P\u00e1irt\u00ed Poblacht\u00e1nach), is a political party in Ireland.\nThe party was founded as an Irish republican party on 16 May 1926 by \u00c9amon de Valera and his supporters after they split from the anti-treaty wing of Sinn F\u00e9in on the issue of abstentionism in the aftermath of the Irish Civil War. Since 1927 Fianna F\u00e1il has been one of Ireland's two major parties, along with Fine Gael; both are seen as being centre-right parties, and as being to the right of the Labour Party and Sinn F\u00e9in. The party dominated Irish political life for most of the 20th century, and since its foundation either it or Fine Gael has led every government. Between 1932 and 2011, it was the largest party in D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann. Between 1989 and 2011, it led coalition governments with parties of both the left and the right.\nFianna F\u00e1il was last in government from 1997 to 2011 under Bertie Ahern and Brian Cowen, with a periodic high of 81 seats in 2002, reduced to 77 in 2007. In 2011 (during the post-2008 economic downturn), it was swept from power in the worst defeat of a sitting government in the history of the Irish state, falling to only 20 seats, the lowest in the party's history. At the 2016 general election, Fianna F\u00e1il won 44 seats and became the largest opposition party in both houses (D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann and Seanad \u00c9ireann) of the Oireachtas, with party leader Miche\u00e1l Martin entering into a confidence and supply arrangement with a Fine Gael-led minority government at the beginning of the 32nd D\u00e1il.Fianna F\u00e1il is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe and of Liberal International. Since 9 February 2019, Fianna F\u00e1il has been in partnership with the Social Democratic and Labour Party in Northern Ireland.\n\n", "Q830316": "MC5 was an American rock band from Lincoln Park, Michigan, formed in 1964. The original band line-up consisted of vocalist Rob Tyner, guitarists Wayne Kramer and Fred \"Sonic\" Smith, bassist Michael Davis, and drummer Dennis Thompson. MC5 was often cited as one of the most important American hard rock groups of their era. Their three albums are regarded by many as classics, and their song \"Kick Out the Jams\" is widely covered.\n\"Crystallizing the counterculture movement at its most volatile and threatening\", according to AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine, the MC5's leftist political ties and anti-establishment lyrics and music positioned them as emerging innovators of the punk movement in the United States. Their loud, energetic style of back-to-basics rock and roll included elements of garage rock, hard rock, blues rock, and psychedelic rock.\nMC5 had a promising beginning that earned them a January 1969 cover appearance in Rolling Stone and a story written by Eric Ehrmann before their debut album was released. They developed a reputation for energetic and polemical live performances, one of which was recorded as their 1969 debut album Kick Out the Jams. Their initial run was short-lived, though. In 1972, just three years after their debut record, the band came to an end. MC5 were nominated for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in 2002, 2016, 2018, 2019 and 2020.\nTyner died of a heart attack in late 1991 at the age of 46. Smith also died of a heart attack, in 1994 at the age of 45. The remaining three members of the band reformed in 2003 with The Dictators' singer Handsome Dick Manitoba as its new vocalist, and this reformed line-up occasionally performed live over the next nine years until Davis died of liver failure in February 2012 at the age of 68.", "Q354056": "John Ethan Wayne Jr. (born February 22, 1962) is an American actor. The son of actor John Wayne and his third wife, Pilar Pallete, he grew up in Newport Beach, California, where he shared his father's love of the ocean and outdoors. His name was chosen in direct relation to John Wayne's character in The Searchers (\"Ethan Edwards\").\nHe played Little Jake, the grandson of his father's title character in Big Jake. Ethan started doing stunt work after the death of his father in 1979. His first film was The Blues Brothers. He then went back to work as an actor. His next two major film appearances were both in 1981, in the comedy Longshot, and the slasher film Scream.\nLater works included a role, in the NBC TV movie The Alamo: 13 Days to Glory, as Edward Taylor in 1986, Storm Logan on the CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful (with Robert Mitchum's granddaughter Carrie Mitchum, whom he had met on the Big Jake set), 1987-88 which led to a lot of work overseas, and his role as Officer Matt Doyle on The New Adam-12 (Universal Studios) 1989 through 1991. He appeared as an expert on John Wayne memorabilia on History Channel's Pawn Stars in the episode \"Dog Day Afternoon\" which aired January 14, 2014.", "Q455661": "Luis Antonio Herrera Campins (4 May 1925 \u2013 9 November 2007) was President of Venezuela from 1979 to 1984. He was elected to one five-year term in 1978. He was a member of COPEI, a Christian Democratic party.", "Q92899": "Richard Lawrence Grimsdale (18 September 1929 \u2013 6 December 2005) was a British electrical engineer and computer pioneer who helped to design the world's first transistorised computer.", "Q78298": "Alfred Zeisler (September 26, 1892 \u2013 March 1, 1985) was an American-born German film producer, director, actor and screenwriter. He produced 29 films between 1927 and 1936. He also directed 16 films between 1924 and 1949.\n\n", "Q270692": "Jonathan Howsmon Davis (born January 18, 1971), also known as JD, JDevil, or J Devil, is an American singer, songwriter and musician. Davis is best known as the lead vocalist and frontman of the nu metal band Korn, who are considered as the pioneering act of the nu metal genre. Davis' own distinctive personality and Korn's music influenced a generation of musicians and performers who have come after them.Davis co-founded Korn in Los Angeles, California, in 1993 with the dissolution of two bands, Sexart and L.A.P.D. He had led Sexart during his years as an assistant coroner. Davis rapidly gained notoriety for his intense and powerful live performances with Korn. Anchored by his personal, passionate lyrics and unusual tenor vocals, Davis launched a successful career which has spanned almost three decades, although his popularity declined in the middle of the 2000s. Davis' vocals, which alternate from an angry tone to a high-pitched voice, switching from sounding atmospheric to aggressively screaming, have been the trademark of Korn throughout the band's career.In 2000\u20132001, Davis and Richard Gibbs wrote and produced the score and soundtrack album of Queen of the Damned. He began his side project called Jonathan Davis and the SFA in 2007, and continued to experiment with musical styles. He released his first solo album in 2018. He has collaborated with various artists over the course of his career, ranging from metal to alternative rock, rap, world music and electronic music. Davis is a multi-instrumentalist musician who plays guitar, drums, bagpipes; piano, upright bass, violin, and the clarinet. He is also versatile in many genres, mixing tracks and performs DJ sets. For decades he has been passionate about visual arts, horror movies, comics and video games.Fourteen of his albums reached the top 10 on the Billboard 200, including MTV Unplugged and Greatest Hits, Vol. 1. He won two Grammy Awards out of eight nominations throughout his career. As of 2018, Davis has sold 40 million albums worldwide.", "Q17887": "Jack Clayton (1 March 1921 \u2013 26 February 1995) was a British film director and producer who specialised in bringing literary works to the screen.\nStarting out as a teenage studio \"tea boy\" in 1935, Clayton worked his way up through British film industry in a career that spanned nearly sixty years. He rapidly rose through a series of increasingly important roles in British film production, before shooting to international prominence as a director with his Oscar-winning feature film debut, the drama Room at the Top (1959); this was followed by the much-lauded horror film The Innocents (1961), adapted from Henry James' The Turn of the Screw.\nClayton looked set for a brilliant future, and he was highly regarded by peers and critics alike, but a number of overlapping factors hampered his career. He was a notably 'choosy' director, who by his own admission \"never made a film I didn't want to make\", and he repeatedly turned down films (including Alien) that became huge hits for other directors. But he was also dogged by bad luck and bad timing \u2013 the Hollywood studios labelled him as 'difficult', and studio politics quashed a string of planned films in the 1970s, which were either taken out of his hands, or cancelled in the final stages of preparation. In 1977, he suffered a double blow \u2013 his current film was cancelled just two weeks before shooting was due to begin, and a few months later he suffered a serious stroke which robbed him of the ability to speak, and put his career on hold for five years.\nDespite his relatively small oeuvre, the films of Jack Clayton continue to be appreciated, and both they and their director have been widely admired and praised by leading film critics like Pauline Kael and Roger Ebert, and by film industry peers including Harold Pinter, Martin Scorsese, Guillermo del Toro, Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut, Tennessee Williams and Steven Spielberg.", "Q162548": "Oskemen (Kazakh: \u04e8\u0441\u043a\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d, romanized: \u00d3skemen) or Ust-Kamenogorsk (Russian: \u0423\u0441\u0442\u044c-\u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a) is the administrative center of East Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan. It is served by Oskemen Airport. Population: 303,720 (2009 Census results); 310,950 (1999 Census results).", "Q302210": "The Nacionalista Party (Filipino: Partido Nacionalista) is the oldest political party in the Philippines and in Southeast Asia, responsible for leading the country throughout the majority of the 20th century since its founding in 1907, being the ruling party from 1935 to 1946 (under Presidents Manuel Quezon and Sergio Osme\u00f1a), 1953\u20131961 (under Presidents Ramon Magsaysay and Carlos P. Garcia) and 1965\u20131972 (under President Ferdinand Marcos).\n\n", "Q840829": "Baroque architecture is a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the early 17th century and gradually spread across Europe. It was originally introduced by the Catholic Church, particularly by the Jesuits, as a means to combat the Reformation and the Protestant church with a new architecture that inspired surprise and awe. It reached its peak in the High Baroque (1625\u20131675), when it was used in churches and palaces in Italy, Spain, Portugal and France, and Austria. In the Late Baroque period (1675\u20131750), it reached as far as Russia and the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America, Beginning in about 1730, an even more elaborately decorative variant called Rococo appeared and flourished in Central Europe.Baroque architects took the basic elements of Renaissance architecture, including domes and colonnades, and made them higher, grander, more decorated, and more dramatic. The interior effects were often achieved with the use of quadratura, or trompe-l'oeil painting combined with sculpture; The eye is drawn upward, giving the illusion that one is looking into the heavens. Clusters of sculpted angels and painted figures crowd the ceiling. Light was also used for dramatic effect; it streamed down from cupolas, and was reflected from an abundance of gilding. Twisted columns were also often used, to give an illusion of upwards motion, and cartouches and other decorative elements occupied every available space. In Baroque palaces, grand stairways became a central element.The Early Baroque (1584\u20131625) was largely dominated by the work of Roman architects, notably the Church of the Ges\u00f9 by Giacomo della Porta (consecrated 1584) facade and colonnade of St. Peter's Basilica by Carlo Maderno (completed 1612) and the lavish Barberini Palace interiors by Pietro da Cortona (1633\u20131639). Church of the Ges\u00f9 by Giacomo della Porta (consecrated 1584), interior, and Santa Susanna (1603), by Carlo Maderno. In France, the Luxembourg Palace (1615\u201345) built by Salomon de Brosse for Marie de Medici was an early example of the style.The High Baroque (1625\u20131675) produced major works in Rome by Pietro da Cortona, including the (Church of Santi Luca e Martina) (1635\u201350); by Francesco Borromini (San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (1634\u20131646)) ; and by Gian Lorenzo Bernini (The colonnade of St. Peter's Basilica) (1656\u201357). In Venice, High Baroque works included Santa Maria della Salute by Baldassare Longhena. Examples in France included the Pavillon de l\u2019Horloge of the Louvre Palace by Jacques Lemercier (1624\u20131645), the Chapel of the Sorbonne by Jacques Lemercier (1626\u201335) and the Ch\u00e2teau de Maisons by Fran\u00e7ois Mansart (1630\u20131651)\nThe Late Baroque (1675\u20131750) saw the style spread to all parts of Europe, and to the colonies of Spain and Portugal in the New World. National styles became more varied and distinct. The Late Baroque in France, under Louis XIV, was more ordered and classical; examples included the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles and the dome of Les Invalides. An especially ornate variant, appeared in the early 18th century; it was first called Rocaille in France; then Rococo in Spain and Central Europe. The sculpted and painted decoration covering every space on the walls and ceiling. Its most celebrated architect was Balthasar Neumann, noted for the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers and the Wurzburg Residence (1749\u201351) Another 18th century variant was Lutheran Baroque art, exemplified by Dresden Frauenkirche (1726\u20131743)", "Q953841": "Richard L. Brooks (born December 9, 1962) is an American actor, singer, and director. He is best known for his one-off role as the eccentric bounty hunter Jubal Early in the space-western Firefly, and assistant district attorney Paul Robinette in the NBC drama series Law & Order from 1990 to 1993 and reprising his role as a defense attorney on that same show. In 2013, he began starring as Patrick Patterson in the BET drama series, Being Mary Jane.", "Q211278": "2001 Maniacs is a 2005 American comedy horror film directed by Tim Sullivan and starring Robert Englund, Lin Shaye, Jay Gillespie, Dylan Edrington, and Matthew Carey. It is a remake of the 1964 film Two Thousand Maniacs! written and directed by Herschell Gordon Lewis. The film is distributed by Lions Gate Entertainment. It was filmed in Westville, Georgia.", "Q486439": "Cedar Rapids () is the second-largest city in Iowa and is the county seat of Linn County. The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River, 20 miles (32 km) north of Iowa City and 100 miles (160 km) northeast of Des Moines, the state's capital and largest city. It is a part of the Cedar Rapids/Iowa City Corridor of Linn, Benton, Cedar, Jones, Johnson, and Washington counties.As of the 2010 United States Census, the city population was 126,326. The estimated population of the three-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes the nearby cities of Marion and Hiawatha, was 255,452 in 2008. Cedar Rapids is an economic hub of the state, located at the core of the Interstate 380 corridor.\nThe Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is also a part of a Combined Statistical Area (CSA) with the Iowa City MSA. This CSA plus two additional counties are known as the Iowa City-Cedar Rapids (ICR) Corridor and collectively have a population of over 450,000.\nA flourishing center for arts and culture in Eastern Iowa, the city is home to the Cedar Rapids Museum of Art, the National Czech & Slovak Museum & Library, the Paramount Theatre, Orchestra Iowa, Theatre Cedar Rapids, the African American Museum of Iowa, and the Iowa Cultural Corridor Alliance. In the 1990s and 2000s, several Cedar Rapidians became well-known actors, including Bobby Driscoll, Ashton Kutcher, Elijah Wood, and Ron Livingston. The city is the setting for the musical The Pajama Game and the comedy film Cedar Rapids.\nCedar Rapids is nicknamed the \"City of Five Seasons\", for the so-called \"fifth season,\" which is time to enjoy the other four. The symbol of the five seasons is the Tree of Five Seasons sculpture in downtown along the north river bank. The name \"Five Seasons\" and representations of the sculpture appear throughout the city in many forms.", "Q15048": "Elio Di Rupo (French: [eljo di \u0281upo]; born 18 July 1951) is a Belgian social-democratic politician who served as the 50th Prime Minister of Belgium from 6 December 2011 to 11 October 2014, and headed the Di Rupo Government. Di Rupo was the first francophone to hold the office since Paul Vanden Boeynants in 1979, and the country's first socialist Prime Minister since Edmond Leburton left office in 1974. He was also Belgium's first Prime Minister of non-Belgian descent, and the world's second openly gay person and first openly gay man to be head of government in modern times.", "Q5136827": "Clydau (sometimes Clyda\u00ef or Clydey) is a community and parish in Pembrokeshire, Wales.", "Q44561": "Kevin James (born Kevin George Knipfing; April 26, 1965) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and producer. He is best known for his role as Doug Heffernan on the CBS sitcom The King of Queens (1998-2007), for which he was nominated for a 2006 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series. He starred in another CBS sitcom, Kevin Can Wait (2016\u20132018) for which he was nominated for a 2017 People's Choice Award.\nJames has appeared in the films Hitch (2005), I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry (2007), Paul Blart: Mall Cop (2009), Grown Ups (2010), Zookeeper (2011), Here Comes the Boom (2012), and Pixels (2015). He has also done voice work for Barnyard (2006), Monster House (2006), and the Hotel Transylvania film series (2012\u2013present).", "Q722337": "Serge Marquand was a French actor and film producer (12 March 1930 \u2013 4 September 2004). He died of advanced leukemia.\nHe was the brother of Nadine Trintignant and Christian Marquand.", "Q939326": "Arthur Preuss (1871\u20131934) was a German American journalist, editor and writer. He is noted for editing the Fortnightly Review and opposing Freemasonry and Eugenics. He was a conservative intellectual whose father, Eduard Friedrich Reinhold Preuss, had also edited a Catholic newspaper.Preuss was a layman in St Louis. His Fortnightly Review (in English) was a major conservative voice read closely by church leaders and intellectuals from 1894 until 1934. he also edited a Catholic newspaper in St. Louis. He was intensely loyal to the Vatican. Preuss upheld the German Catholic community, denounced the heresy of Americanism, promoted the Catholic University of America, and anguished over the anti-German America hysteria during World War I. He provided lengthy commentary regarding the National Catholic Welfare Conference, the anti-Catholic factor in the presidential campaign of 1928, the hardships of the Great Depression, and the liberalism of the New Deal.", "Q6107": "Tupac Amaru Shakur ( TOO-pahk sh\u0259-KOOR; born Lesane Parish Crooks, June 16, 1971 \u2013 September 13, 1996), popularly known by his stage name 2Pac, was an American rapper and actor. He is considered by many as one of the most significant rappers of all time. Much of Shakur's work has been noted for addressing contemporary social issues that plagued inner cities, and he is considered a symbol of resistance and activism against inequality.Shakur was born in the Manhattan borough of New York City but relocated to the San Francisco Bay Area in 1988. He later moved to Los Angeles in 1993 to further pursue his music career. By the time he released his debut album 2Pacalypse Now in 1991, he had become a central figure in West Coast hip hop, introducing social issues in the genre at a time when gangsta rap was dominant in the mainstream. Shakur achieved further critical and commercial success with his follow-up albums Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z... (1993) and the critically acclaimed Me Against the World (1995), which has been considered as his magnum opus.In later 1995, after being convicted of molestation and becoming a victim of a robbery and shooting, Shakur became heavily involved in the growing East Coast\u2013West Coast hip hop rivalry. His double-disc album All Eyez on Me (1996) became certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). On September 7, 1996, Shakur was shot four times by an unknown assailant in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas; he died six days later and the gunman was never captured. The Notorious B.I.G., Shakur's friend turned rival, was at first considered a suspect, but was also murdered in another drive-by shooting several months later. Five more albums have been released since his death, all of which have been certified Platinum.\nShakur is one of the best-selling music artists of all time having sold over 75 million records worldwide. In 2002, he was inducted into the Hip-Hop Hall of Fame. In 2017, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility. Rolling Stone named Shakur in its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Outside music, Shakur also gained considerable success as an actor, with his starring roles as Bishop in Juice (1992), Lucky in Poetic Justice (1993) where he starred alongside Janet Jackson, Ezekiel in Gridlock'd (1997), and Jake in Gang Related (1997), all garnering praise from critics.", "Q64869": "F\u00e4llanden is a municipality in the district of Uster in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland, and belongs to the Glatt Valley (German: Glattal).", "Q96427": "Jan-Marco Luczak (born 2 October 1975) is a German lawyer and a politician (CDU). He represents the Tempelhof-Sch\u00f6neberg constituency at the Bundestag.", "Q99714": "Claire Rommer (7 December 1904 \u2013 19 August 1996) was a German stage and film actress.", "Q7321556": "Rhun ab Owain Gwynedd was the eldest child of Owain Gwynedd (the king of Gwynedd between 1137-1170). His mother was an Irish woman Pyfog (sometimes called Ffynnod Wyddeles) who was one of his father's many mistresses. Despite being illegitimate he was his father's favourite child and chosen successor. However, his premature death in 1146 is said to have cast his father into a deep depression which was only cured when he heard his forces had captured Mold Castle from the English.", "Q448156": "Amaya Arzuaga (born in Lerma (Burgos), in 1970), is a Spanish designer.\nShe studied in the UPM and in 1992 she finished Fashion Design and joined her parents' enterprise, Elipse.\nIn 1994, she created her own firm. She sells and shows her collections regularly in international fashion fairs like Atmosph\u00e8re (Paris), Fashion Cotterie (New York), Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana (Milan), Pasarela Cibeles (Madrid), Passarel\u00b7la Gaud\u00ed (Barcelona), and London Fashion Week (London). Amaya Arzuaga has more than 200 boutiques in Spain.", "Q14356": "Park Chung-hee (Korean: \ubc15\uc815\ud76c; Hanja: \u6734\u6b63\u7199; 14 November 1917 \u2013 26 October 1979) was a South Korean politician and general who served as the President of South Korea from 1963 until his assassination in 1979, assuming that office after first ruling the country as head of a military dictatorship installed by the May 16 military coup d'\u00e9tat in 1961. Before his presidency, he was the chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction from 1961 to 1963 after a career as a military leader in the South Korean army.\nPark's coup brought an end to the interim government of the Second Republic and his election and inauguration in 1963 ushered in the Third Republic. Seeking to bring South Korea into the developed world, Park began a series of economic policies that brought rapid economic growth and industrialization to the nation that eventually became known as the Miracle on the Han River. South Korea became one of the fastest growing nations during the 60s and 70s as a result.\nAlthough popular during the 60s, by the 1970s, as growth began to slow, Park's popularity started to wane, resulting in closer than expected victories during the 1971 South Korean presidential election and the subsequent legislative elections. Following this, in 1972, Park declared martial law and amended the constitution into a highly authoritarian document called the Yushin Constitution. Formally, the pretense was that the Yushin Constitution was the seventh Constitutional amendment. In actuality, its effect was tantamount to abolition of the former Constitution \u2013 effectively creating a new one in an effort to legitimize the new Fourth Republic. During this time, political opposition and dissent was constantly repressed and Park had complete control of the media and military.\nPark survived several previous attempts to kill him, including two operations associated with North Korea. Following the student uprising later known as the Bu-Ma Democratic Protests, Park was assassinated on 26 October 1979 by his close friend Kim Jae-gyu, the director of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency, at a safe house in Seoul. Cha Ji-chul, chief of the Presidential Security Service, was also fatally shot by Kim. Kim and his accomplices were tortured, convicted and executed for the assassination as Choi Kyu-hah became Acting President pursuant to Article 48 of the Yushin Constitution. Major General Chun Doo-hwan quickly amassed sweeping powers after his Defense Security Command was charged with investigating the assassination, first taking control of the military and the KCIA before installing another military junta and finally assuming the presidency in 1980. Whether the assassination was spontaneous or premeditated is something that remains unclear today\u2014the motivations of Kim Jae-gyu are still debated.\nEconomic growth continued after Park's death, and after considerable political turmoil in the wake of his assassination and the military Coup d'\u00e9tat of December Twelfth, the country eventually democratized. Later presidents included political activist Kim Dae-jung, who was arrested under Park's regime and later received a death-sentence which was quickly revoked, in part thanks to the urging of United States officials. Park is a controversial figure in modern South Korean political discourse and among the South Korean populace in general for his dictatorship and undemocratic ways. While some credit him for sustaining the Miracle on the Han River, which reshaped and modernized South Korea, others criticize his authoritarian way of ruling the country (especially after 1971) and for prioritizing economic growth and contrived social order at the expense of civil liberties.\nIn 2012 the Park Jung-hee Presidential Library and Museum was opened. On 25 February 2013, his eldest daughter, Park Geun-hye, became the first female president of South Korea. She was impeached and removed from office on 10 March 2017 as a result of an influence-peddling scandal. She was sentenced to 24 years in prison in April 2018.", "Q1237910": "Dominik W\u00f6rner (born 1970) is a German classical bass singer in concert, Lied and opera. He is a specialist in Baroque music, especially works by Bach, but is open to music of other eras including contemporary music.", "Q34086": "Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer, songwriter and actor. Discovered at 13 years old by talent manager Scooter Braun after he had watched his YouTube cover song videos, Bieber was signed to RBMG Records in 2008. With Bieber's debut EP My World, released in late 2009, Bieber became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut record chart on the Billboard Hot 100.Bieber released his debut studio album My World 2.0 in 2010. It debuted at number one in several countries and contained the worldwide hit single \"Baby\", which was certified 12x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Following his debut album and promotional tours, he released his 3D biopic-concert film Justin Bieber: Never Say Never. In years after the releases of the Under the Mistletoe (2011) and Believe (2012), Bieber had several run-ins with the law internationally before his first arrest in 2014, including when he was accused of reckless driving in his neighbourhood in 2012, and charged in Brazil with vandalism in 2013. More than 270,000 people petitioned the White House seeking to have him deported from the United States. Although the number of signatures received was sufficient to require a response under published White House guidelines, the Obama Administration declined substantive comment on the petition.Following the controversies surrounding Bieber, his sound became more mature as he transitioned into EDM and drifted away from teen pop. Released in 2015, his fourth studio album Purpose became his most critically and commercially successful album, spawning three Billboard Hot 100 number one singles: \"What Do You Mean?\", \"Sorry\", and \"Love Yourself\". Since the release of Purpose, Bieber had featured on several successful collaborations, including \"Cold Water\", \"Let Me Love You\", \"Despacito (Remix)\", \"I'm the One\", \"I Don't Care\" and \"10,000 Hours\". \"Yummy\", his first solo single in five years, was released on January 3, 2020, debuting at number two on the Hot 100. His fifth studio album, Changes, was released in 2020.Bieber has sold more than 150 million records, making him one of the world's best-selling music artists. He has won numerous awards throughout his career, including a Grammy Award, 15 American Music Awards, 20 Billboard Music Awards, two Brit Awards, a Latin Grammy Award, a record 21 MTV Europe Music Awards and three MTV Video Music Awards. He was included by Forbes list of the top ten most powerful celebrities in the world, in 2011, 2012 and 2013. In 2016, Bieber became the first artist to surpass 10 billion total video views on Vevo. He has been honoured with a star in front of Avon Theater in Ontario, Canada, and was among the 60,000 Canadians that received the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012.", "Q724746": "Francesco Tatti da Sansovino (1521\u20131586) was a versatile Italian scholar, humanist (one of the most important of his century) and man of letters, also known as a publisher.", "Q89507": "Karin Baal (born 19 September 1940), real name Karin Blauermel, is a German film actress. She has appeared in more than 90 films since 1956.", "Q121465": "Max Sulzbachner (1904\u20131985) was a Swiss painter, graphic artist, illustrator, stage designer and mask maker. He was a proponent of Swiss Expressionism, an offshoot of German Expressionism. He co-founded the artist group Red-Blue II and the Group 33, a 1933 anti-fascist coalition of Basel artists in protest against the conservative tendencies of the Swiss artist and architect scene, and was a lantern painter for the Basler Fasnacht, the biggest carnival in Switzerland.", "Q485124": "Fernando Ara\u00fajo Perdomo (born 27 June 1955 in Cartagena, Bolivar) is a Colombian politician. He was the Minister of Development during the administration of Andr\u00e9s Pastrana. He resigned from this post after the Chambac\u00fa land deal scandal. He was later kidnapped by the FARC-EP guerrillas and held for six years until he eventually escaped. Two months later after his liberation, president \u00c1lvaro Uribe appointed him as Minister of Foreign Affairs.", "Q44575": "Eduardo Hughes Galeano (Spanish pronunciation: [e\u02c8\u00f0wa\u027e\u00f0o \u0263ale\u02c8ano]; 3 September 1940 \u2013 13 April 2015) was an Uruguayan journalist, writer and novelist considered, among other things, \"global soccer's pre-eminent man of letters\" and \"a literary giant of the Latin American left\".Galeano's best-known works are Las venas abiertas de Am\u00e9rica Latina (Open Veins of Latin America, 1971) and Memoria del fuego (Memory of Fire Trilogy, 1982\u20136). \"I'm a writer,\" the author once said of himself, \"obsessed with remembering, with remembering the past of America and above all that of Latin America, intimate land condemned to amnesia.\"Author Isabel Allende, who said her copy of Galeano's book was one of the few items with which she fled Chile in 1973 after the military coup of Augusto Pinochet, called Open Veins of Latin America, \"a mixture of meticulous detail, political conviction, poetic flair, and good storytelling.\"", "Q441600": "Philip \"Spike\" Edney (born 11 December 1951 in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England) is an English musician who, since the early 1970s, has performed with a number of bands, most notably with Queen in their live concerts, where his participation started in 1984. In the earlier phase of his career, during the mid-1970s, he recorded and toured with The Tymes and Ben E. King, playing keyboards, bass, guitar and trombone. Subsequently, in the late 1970s, he was musical director for Edwin Starr and, during the early 1980s, worked with Duran Duran, The Boomtown Rats, Dexys Midnight Runners, Bucks Fizz, Haircut One Hundred and The Rolling Stones. He also appeared with Peter Green on his comeback tour.\nEdney's collaboration with Queen included mostly keyboards (his main instrument), plus rhythm guitar and backing vocals. Accompanying the band on its tours since 1984, he was also part of Roger Taylor's side project The Cross as well as Brian May's band when they toured in 1993 and 1998.\nEdney can be seen on Queen's Live at Wembley Stadium and Hungarian Rhapsody concert films, playing rhythm guitar on \"Hammer to Fall,\" and piano on both \"Crazy Little Thing Called Love\" and \"Tutti Frutti.\" He can also be seen playing in the background during Queen's 1985 Live Aid performance at Wembley Stadium.", "Q340037": "The Stars Fell on Henrietta is a 1995 American drama film from Warner Bros., directed by James Keach and produced by Clint Eastwood. The film is based on a short story, \"Luck,\" written by Winifred Sanford. The script for the film was penned by Philip Railsback, who is Sanford's grandson.", "Q101979": "Rudolf Arnold Nieberding (4 May 1838 \u2013 10 October 1912) was a German jurist and politician.\nNieberding was born in Konitz (modern Chojnice, Poland) to Karl Nieberding, a teacher and later director of the \"Gymnasium Petrinum\" in Recklinghausen.He passed his Abitur in Recklinghausen and studied law at the Universities of Breslau (modern Wroc\u0142aw), Heidelberg and Berlin. Nieberding finished his studies in 1863 and, after a short period at the regional administration of Breslau, started to work at the Prussian ministry of commerce in 1866. Between 1872 and 1889 he worked at the Reich Chancellery in Berlin and became head of the first d\u00e9partement at the Reich office of the Interior in 1889.In 1893 he was appointed Secretary of State of the Reichsjustizamt, and he remained in this position under the changing chancellorship of Leo von Caprivi, Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsf\u00fcrst, Bernhard von B\u00fclow and Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg until 1909. Nieberding coordinated the elaboration of a new German civil code, the B\u00fcrgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB), the associated Commercial law (Handelsgesetzbuch) and the codes of criminal law and criminal and civil procedure; thus he was responsible for the standardisation of German law after the Unification of Germany.\nIn his opening speech to the parliamentary debate on the BGB in 1896 Nieberding described the legal situation in Germany as a \"colorful muddle, .. for so long forgotten, citizens and families have determined their own legal relationships for themselves.\" In a Reichstag debate on 23 November 1907 he publicly stated that the l\u00e8se-majest\u00e9 laws of Imperial Germany resulted in a \"growth of a base and hostile climate of denunciation\" in which \"even members of the same family, indeed the best of friends, denounce each other for l\u00e8se-majest\u00e9 the minute discord between them occurs\", and these laws were \"not entirely reconcilable with the general sense of justice.\"Nieberding retired in 1909 and died in Berlin.", "Q862322": "Joseph William \"Bill\" Mobley (born April 7, 1953) is an American jazz trumpet and flugelhorn player.", "Q1809792": "Le Charivari was an illustrated magazine published in Paris, France, from 1832 to 1937. It published caricatures, political cartoons and reviews. After 1835, when the government banned political caricature, Le Charivari began publishing satires of everyday life. The name refers to the folk practice of holding a charivari, a loud, riotous parade, to shame or punish wrongdoers.", "Q128333": "William John Arthur Charles James Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of Portland, (28 December 1857 \u2013 26 April 1943), known as William Cavendish-Bentinck until 1879, was a British landowner, courtier, and Conservative politician. He notably served as Master of the Horse between 1886 and 1892 and again between 1895 and 1905.", "Q96433": "Ludwig Steeg (22 December 1894 \u2013 6 September 1945), German Nazi politician, was appointed City President (Lord Mayor) of Berlin from 1940 to 1945.", "Q562973": "Oliver Robert Ford Davies (born 12 August 1939) is an English actor and writer, best known for his role as Sio Bibble in Star Wars Episodes I to III. He is also known for his role as Cressen in HBO series Game of Thrones.", "Q289545": "Andrea Louise Riseborough (born 20 November 1981) is an English actress. She made her film debut in Venus (2006), and has subsequently appeared in Happy-Go-Lucky (2008), Never Let Me Go, Brighton Rock, Made in Dagenham (all 2010), W.E. (2011), Shadow Dancer, Disconnect (both 2012), Welcome to the Punch, Oblivion (both 2013), Birdman (2014), Nocturnal Animals (2016), Battle of the Sexes and The Death of Stalin (both 2017) and Mandy (2018).\nOutside of film, Riseborough received a BAFTA nomination for her portrayal of Margaret Thatcher in the television film The Long Walk to Finchley (2008), and won critical acclaim for her performances in the Channel 4 miniseries The Devil's Whore (2008) and National Treasure (2016). Her stage credits include August Strindberg's Miss Julie and Shakespeare's Measure for Measure (Theatre Royal, both 2006), and Anton Chekhov's Ivanov (West End, 2008).", "Q272091": "Diana Wynyard, CBE (born Dorothy Isobel Cox, 16 January 1906 \u2013 13 May 1964) was an English stage and film actress.", "Q14342": "Lee Myung-bak (Korean: \uc774\uba85\ubc15; Hanja: \u674e\u660e\u535a; ; Korean: [i.mj\u028c\u014b.bak\u031a]; born 19 December 1941) is a former South Korean politician and businessman who served as President of South Korea from 2008 to 2013. Before his election as president, he was the CEO of Hyundai Engineering and Construction, as well as the mayor of Seoul from 1 July 2002, to 30 June 2006. He is married to Kim Yoon-ok and has three daughters and one son. His older brother, Lee Sang-deuk, is a South Korean politician. He attends the Somang Presbyterian Church. Lee is a graduate of Korea University and received an honorary degree from Paris Diderot University on 13 May 2011.Lee altered the South Korean government's approach to North Korea, preferring a more hardline strategy in the wake of increased provocation from the North, though he was supportive of regional dialogue with Russia, China and Japan. Under Lee, South Korea increased its visibility and influence in the global scene, resulting in the hosting of the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit. However, significant controversy remains in Korea regarding high-profile government initiatives which have caused some factions to engage in civil opposition and protest against the incumbent government and President Lee's Saenuri Party (formerly the Grand National Party). The reformist faction within the Saenuri Party is at odds against Lee. He ended his five-year term on 24 February 2013, and was succeeded by Park Geun-hye.\nOn 22 March 2018, Lee was arrested on charges of bribery, embezzlement, and tax evasion alleged to have occurred during his presidency. Prosecutors accused Lee of receiving bribes totaling 11 billion won and channeling assets of 35 billion won to an illicit slush fund. Shortly before his arrest, Lee posted a handwritten statement on Facebook denying the charges. Lee's arrest occurred roughly a year after the arrest of former president Park Geun-Hye, who was arrested on charges stemming from the 2016 South Korean political scandal. Lee was convicted on 5 October 2018 and sentenced to 15 years in prison.", "Q1180910": "Joseph Thomas Lee, better known by his stage name Deadlee, is an American rapper and songwriter. He is based in Los Angeles, California, is of Mexican American and African American descent, and launched his career in 2000. In 2002, he released his critically acclaimed first album 7 Deadlee Sins. The follow-up album, Assault With a Deadlee Weapon, was released in late 2006.\nDeadlee is known for his lyrics, which tackle subjects such as race, class, sexuality and police brutality. On July 15, 2013, he changed his name to Joseph Thomas LeMar when he married his partner. The name is the combination of his last name and Martinez, the last name of his partner.", "Q314466": "The University of Helmstedt (German: Universit\u00e4t Helmstedt; official Latin name: Academia Julia, \"Julius University\"), was a university in Helmstedt in the Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenb\u00fcttel that existed from 1576 until 1810.", "Q85329": "la Repubblica (Italian: [la re\u02c8pubblika]; the Republic) is an Italian daily general-interest newspaper. It was founded in 1976 in Rome by Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso (now known as GEDI Gruppo Editoriale) and led by Eugenio Scalfari, Carlo Caracciolo and Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. Born as a radical leftist newspaper, it has since moderated to a milder centre-left political stance.", "Q808845": "Ceftazidime, sold under the brand names Fortaz among others, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Specifically it is used for joint infections, meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, urinary tract infections, malignant otitis externa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, and vibrio infection. It is given by injection into a vein, muscle, or eye.Common side effects include nausea, allergic reactions, and pain at the site of injection. Other side effects may include Clostridium difficile diarrhea. It is not recommended in people who have had previous anaphylaxis to a penicillin. Its use is relatively safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is in the third-generation cephalosporin family of medications and works by interfering with the bacteria's cell wall.Ceftazidime was patented in 1978 and came into commercial use in 1984. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. Ceftazidime is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$2.84\u201316.76 per day. In the United States a course of treatment costs $100\u2013200.", "Q210172": "Paul Kevin Jonas II (born November 5, 1987) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, actor, contractor, dancer, and entrepreneur. He rose to fame as a member of the pop rock band, Jonas Brothers, alongside his younger brothers Joe and Nick. \nThe group released their debut studio album It's About Time through the Columbia label in 2006, which failed to achieve commercial success. \nAfter signing with Hollywood Records, the group released their self-titled second studio album in 2007, which became their breakthrough record. \nThe band became prominent figures on the Disney Channel during this time, gaining a large following through the network: they appeared in the widely successful musical television film, Camp Rock (2008) and its sequel, Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam (2010) as well as two of their own series, Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream (2008\u20132010) and Jonas (2009\u20132010).\nThe band's third studio album, A Little Bit Longer (2008), saw continued commercial success for the group; the album's lead single \"Burnin' Up\" hit the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Their fourth studio album, while still successful on the Billboard 200 chart, saw a decline in record sales. \nAfter the group confirmed a hiatus, Kevin appeared on his own E! reality series in 2012, Married to Jonas, with his wife Danielle. Since the band's break-up in 2013, Jonas has appeared on the seventh season of The Celebrity Apprentice in 2014, founded a real-estate development and construction company called JonasWerner, and is the co-CEO of The Blu Market company, which deals with communications and plans for social media influencers. \nHe appeared on People magazine's list of the Sexiest Men Alive in 2008 at the age of 21, and thus included as part of the 21 Club.After the Jonas Brothers announced their reunion in March 2019, the band released their fifth studio album, Happiness Begins, and released their documentary, Chasing Happiness, in June 2019 on Amazon Prime Video.", "Q70808": "Julia Dietze (born 9 January 1981) is a German actress.\n\n", "Q56171": "Hugh Seymour Davies (23 April 1943 \u2013 1 January 2005) was a musicologist, composer, and inventor of experimental musical instruments.", "Q304675": "Daniel Dumile (born January 9, 1971), better known by several stage names, most notably MF Doom (often stylized MF DOOM), is a British rapper, songwriter, and record producer raised in Long Island, New York. Best known for his \"super villain\" stage persona and rhyme-dense, humorous lyrical style, Dumile has taken on several stage names in his career. \nMF Doom's mask, similar to that of Marvel Comics super-villain Doctor Doom, is depicted rapping on the cover of the 1999 album Operation: Doomsday. MF Doom has appeared in several collaborative projects such as Madvillain (with Madlib), Danger Doom (with Danger Mouse), Doomstarks (with Ghostface Killah), JJ Doom (with Jneiro Jarel), NehruvianDoom (with Bishop Nehru), and Czarface Meets Metal Face (with Czarface).", "Q261953": "Ali Germaine Landry (born July 21, 1973) is an American actress, model, and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss USA 1996. She played Rita Lefleur on the UPN sitcom Eve and was the Doritos Girl in a 1998 Super Bowl commercial. In 1998, she was named by People magazine as one of 50 most beautiful people in the world.", "Q240745": "Anna Lovisa Johnsson (Jonsson), better known by her stage name Ana Johnsson (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u01cen\u02d0a \u02c8j\u01d4\u02d0ns\u0254n]; born October 4, 1977), is a Swedish singer and songwriter, best known for the song \"We Are\" from the Spider-Man 2 soundtrack.\nJohnsson reached the finals of the first Swedish series of Popstars, after which she and others formed the band Excellence. They recorded one album before Johnsson left to start a solo career. Her debut album, Cuz I Can, was released in April 2004 in Sweden, followed several months later by an international release under the name The Way I Am, containing several new songs. Her second album, Little Angel, was released in October 2006. Her musical career has since been on hold.\n\n", "Q16555": "Houston ( (listen) HEW-st\u0259n) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas, fourth most populous city in the United States, most populous city in the Southern United States, as well as the sixth most populous in North America, with an estimated 2018 population of 2,325,502. Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, it is the seat of Harris County and the principal city of the Greater Houston metropolitan area, which is the fifth most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States and the second most populous in Texas after the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, with a population of 6,997,384 in 2018.Comprising a total area of 637.4 square miles (1,651 km2), Houston is the eighth most expansive city in the United States (including consolidated city-counties). It is the largest city in the United States by total area, whose government is not consolidated with that of a county, parish or borough. Though primarily in Harris County, small portions of the city extend into Fort Bend and Montgomery counties, bordering other principal communities of Greater Houston such as Sugar Land and The Woodlands.\nThe city of Houston was founded by land investors on August 30, 1836, at the confluence of Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou (a point now known as Allen's Landing) and incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837. The city is named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had won Texas' independence from Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles (40 km) east of Allen's Landing. After briefly serving as the capital of the Texas Republic in the late 1830s, Houston grew steadily into a regional trading center for the remainder of the 19th century.The arrival of the 20th century saw a convergence of economic factors which fueled rapid growth in Houston, including a burgeoning port and railroad industry, the decline of Galveston as Texas' primary port following a devastating 1900 hurricane, the subsequent construction of the Houston Ship Channel, and the Texas oil boom. In the mid-20th century, Houston's economy diversified as it became home to the Texas Medical Center\u2014the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions\u2014and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.\nHouston's economy since the late 19th century has a broad industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics, and transportation. Leading in healthcare sectors and building oilfield equipment, Houston has the second most Fortune 500 headquarters of any U.S. municipality within its city limits (after New York City). The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled and second in total cargo tonnage handled. Nicknamed the \"Bayou City\" \"Space City\", \"H-Town\", and \"the 713\", Houston has become a global city, with strengths in culture, medicine, and research. The city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse metropolitan area in Texas and has been described as the most racially and ethnically diverse major metropolis in the U.S. It is home to many cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has an active visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District and offers year-round resident companies in all major performing arts.", "Q539977": "Garlieb Helwig Merkel (1 November [O.S. 21 October] 1769 in L\u0113durga, Volmar County \u2013 9 May [O.S. 27 April] 1850 in Riga) was a Baltic German writer and activist and an early Estophile and Lettophile.\nMerkel was born into the family of a rural priest in what is today Latvia. From the age of 17 he worked as a tutor for upper-class German families. In 1790, he joined the circle of Riga intellectuals. Influenced by the ideas he found there, he published the book Die Letten (\"Latvians\", full title: Die Letten vorz\u00fcglich in Liefland am Ende des philosophischen Jahrhunderts, Ein Beytrag zur V\u00f6lker- und Menschenkunde (\"The Admirable Latvians of Livonia at the end of the Century of Philosophy, with an Addendum on Peoples and Anthropology\")) in 1796, which described in the darkest terms the life of the Latvian peasantry and the atrocities of the Baltic German landowners and called upon the Imperial Russian government to intervene and ameliorate the lot of the Latvians. The book gained considerable popularity in the German society and was translated into French, Danish and Russian. In 1800, the original German version of the book was re-published. Finally, in the 20th century it was translated also into Latvian.\nMerkel's book caused a storm of anger among the landowners of Governorate of Livonia, and Merkel was forced into exile. He moved to Weimar, then in 1800 to Berlin, where he was the co-editor with August von Kotzebue of the weekly Der Freimutige (1803-1806).\nIn 1816, Merkel returned to Livonia. He published the book My Ten Years in Germany (1818) and Images and Characters from My Life (two volumes, 1839-1840). He also wrote the pamphlet Free Latvians and Estonians (1820), which was published in Leipzig.\nA street is named in his honor in downtown Riga.\n\n", "Q344537": "Actrices (Actresses) is a French comedy-drama film directed by Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, released in 2007. The film was presented in the official selection at the 60th Cannes Film Festival and won a Prix Sp\u00e9cial du Jury in the Un Certain Regard section.", "Q1853488": "Smartwings, a.s. (formerly Travel Service, a.s.) is a low-cost Czech airline, with its head office on the property of V\u00e1clav Havel Airport Prague in Ruzyn\u011b, 6th district, Prague. It is the biggest airline in the Czech Republic and it operates scheduled and chartered flights, mainly to leisure destinations, and also wet and dry leases its aircraft to other airlines. It also owns 98% of Czech Airlines, and has subsidiaries in Poland, Hungary and Slovakia, but also operates from France, the Canary Islands and Israel.", "Q84751": "Eduard Herbst (9 December 1820 \u2013 25 June 1892) was an Austrian jurist and politician. He served as Minister of Justice in the \"Citizens' Ministry\" of Cisleithania from 1867 to 1870.", "Q95884": "Bernard Chrzanowski (27 July 1861, Wojnowice - 12 December 1944, Konstancin-Jeziorna) was a Polish social and political activist, president of the Union of the Greater Poland Falcons (Zwi\u0105zek Soko\u0142\u00f3w Wielkopolskich) \"Sok\u00f3\u0142\".", "Q57509": "Atifete Jahjaga (Albanian pronunciation: [\u00e4t\u026a\u02c8fe\u02d0t\u025b j\u00e4h\u02c8j\u0251\u02d0\u0261\u00e4]; born 20 April 1975) is a Kosovar politician and stateswoman who served as the third President of Kosovo. She was the first female President of the Republic of Kosovo, the first non-partisan candidate and the youngest female head of state to be elected to the top office. She served as Deputy Director of the Kosovo Police, holding the rank of General Lieutenant Colonel, the most senior among women officers in Southeastern Europe.", "Q625458": "Carmel-by-the-Sea (), often simply called Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, United States, founded in 1902 and incorporated on October 31, 1916. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is known for its natural scenery and rich artistic history. In 1906, the San Francisco Call devoted a full page to the \"artists, writers and poets at Carmel-by-the-Sea\", and in 1910 it reported that 60 percent of Carmel's houses were built by citizens who were \"devoting their lives to work connected to the aesthetic arts.\" Early City Councils were dominated by artists, and several of the city's mayors have been poets or actors, including Herbert Heron, founder of the Forest Theater, bohemian writer and actor Perry Newberry, and actor-director Clint Eastwood.\nThe town is known for being dog-friendly, with numerous hotels, restaurants and retail establishments admitting guests with dogs. Carmel is also known for several unusual laws, including a prohibition on wearing high-heel shoes without a permit, enacted to prevent lawsuits arising from tripping accidents caused by irregular pavement.Carmel-by-the-Sea is located on the Pacific coast, about 330 miles (530 km) north of Los Angeles and 120 miles (190 km) south of San Francisco. Communities near Carmel-by-the-Sea include Carmel Valley and Carmel Highlands. The larger town of Monterey borders Carmel to the north.\nAs of the 2010 census, the town had a total population of 3,722, down from 4,081 at the 2000 census.", "Q4062": "Hamelin ( HAM-(\u0259-)lin; German: Hameln [\u02c8ha\u02d0ml\u0329n] (listen)) is a town on the river Weser in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Hamelin-Pyrmont and has a population of roughly 56,000. Hamelin is best known for the tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin.", "Q186816": "Ferdinand Georg Waldm\u00fcller (15 January 1793 in Vienna \u2013 23 August 1865 in Hinterbr\u00fchl, Austria) was an Austrian painter and writer. Waldm\u00fcller was one of the most important Austrian painters of the Biedermeier period.", "Q1360690": "Princess Jellyfish (Japanese: \u6d77\u6708\u59eb, Hepburn: Kuragehime) is a Japanese josei manga series written and illustrated by Akiko Higashimura. It was serialized in Kodansha's manga magazine Kiss from October 2008 to August 2017. The manga is licensed in North America by Kodansha USA. An 11-episode anime television series based on the manga was produced by Brain's Base and aired on Fuji TV's Noitamina programming block between October and December 2010. The anime has been licensed by Funimation. A live-action film adaptation premiered in Japan on December 27, 2014. A 10-episode live-action drama series aired from January to March 2018.", "Q285419": "Vittoria Marisa Schiaparelli Berenson (born February 15, 1947) is an American actress and model. She appeared on the front covers of Vogue and Time, and won the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Natalia Landauer in the 1972 film Cabaret. The role also earned her Golden Globe and BAFTA Award nominations.\nIn 2001, she made her Broadway debut in the revival of Design for Living. Her other film appearances include Death in Venice (1971), Barry Lyndon (1975), S.O.B. (1981) and I Am Love (2009).", "Q200407": "Steven Strait (born March 23, 1986) is an American actor and singer. He has starred in the adventure film 10,000 BC (2008) and the science fiction series The Expanse (2015\u2013present).", "Q4655570": "Christine Loh Kung-wai, SBS, OBE, JP (born 1 February 1956), is a former Hong Kong Legislative Councillor, founder and CEO of Civic Exchange, founder of the Citizens Party, and founder of Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor. From 2012 to 2017, she was Under Secretary for the Environment in the government of CY Leung.Until her appointment as Undersecretary for the Environment, Loh was CEO of Civic Exchange, the Hong Kong think tank that she co-founded in 2000. She was named \"Woman of the Year for 2006\" by Hong Kong Business. She has worked in many areas, including law, business, politics, media and the non-profit sector, but is best known as a leading voice in public policy in Hong Kong, particularly in promoting democracy and environmental protection. She has long been associated with the campaign to save Hong Kong's Harbour from excessive land reclamation and overdevelopment.In 2017, following the end of her official role, she is an adjunct professor in the Division of Environment and Sustainability at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and is said to be revising her book Underground Front: The Chinese Communist Party in Hong Kong, first published in 2010.", "Q1350753": "Erhard Bauschke (September 27, 1912 in Breslau \u2013 October 7, 1945 in Frankfurt) was a German jazz and light music reedist and bandleader.\nBauschke learned to play violin, piano, and saxophone as a student in Breslau, and played with Jos\u00e9 Wolff in 1931 and James Kok in 1934. Kok departed Germany under duress in 1935, after which Bauschke became the leader of his orchestra; he toured widely in Germany and along the Baltic coast, and was the house band at Moka Efti in Berlin from 1936 to 1939. He recorded copiously for Deutsche Grammophon in the late 1930s; some of the recordings are of hot jazz, which was derided by the Nazis as degenerate music.Most of Bauschke's band was conscripted at the outset of World War II, and he dissolved his group in 1940; he continued recording numbers with studio groups into the following year. During the war he was taken into a prisoner of war camp by occupying American forces, and after being released, led dance bands for clubs servicing United States military personnel. He died in a car crash in October 1945.", "Q1556179": "Gustav Randolph Manning (born December 13, 1873 \u2013 December 1, 1953) was a German-American businessman and sports manager. Manning is best known for being the first ever President of the United States Soccer Federation, which he served from its founding in 1913 until 1915. Prior to his tenue with U.S. Soccer, Manning was involved with soccer club management across southern Germany, particularly with forming state associations.", "Q14424": "Nagykanizsa (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8n\u0252ck\u0252ni\u0292\u0252], or just Kanizsa; Croatian: Velika Kani\u017ea/Velika Kanji\u017ea, or just Kani\u017ea/Kanji\u017ea; German: Gro\u00dfkirchen, Gro\u00df-Kanizsa; Italian: Canissa; Slovene: Velika Kani\u017ea; Turkish: Kanije) is a medium-sized city in Zala County in southwestern Hungary.\nIt lies not far from Lake Balaton at the meeting point of five routes. For centuries the town has been a connecting link. Goods from Slavonia were transported to Graz via Nagykanizsa, and the town played an important role in the trade from the Adriatic Sea to the Alpine region, Vienna, and Budapest.", "Q580048": "Boris Nikolaevich Polevoy (or Polevoi) (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0439; 17 March [O.S. 4 March] 1908 \u2013 12 July 1981) was a Soviet writer. He is the author of the book Story of a Real Man about Soviet World War II fighter pilot Aleksey Maresev.", "Q52471": "Ogden is a city and the county seat of Weber County, Utah, United States, approximately 10 miles (16 km) east of the Great Salt Lake and 40 miles (64 km) north of Salt Lake City. The population was 87,325 in 2018, according to the US Census Bureau, making it Utah's 7th largest city. The city served as a major railway hub through much of its history, and still handles a great deal of freight rail traffic which makes it a convenient location for manufacturing and commerce. Ogden is also known for its many historic buildings, proximity to the Wasatch Mountains, and as the location of Weber State University.\nOgden is a principal city of the Ogden\u2013Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which includes all of Weber, Morgan, Davis, and Box Elder counties. The 2010 Census placed the Metro population at 597,159. In 2010, Forbes rated the Ogden-Clearfield MSA as the 6th best place to raise a family. Ogden has had a sister city relationship to Hof (Germany) since 1954.", "Q310166": "Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III (born June 5, 1979) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, A&R consultant, and record executive. He is best known as the bassist for the American rock band Fall Out Boy, since 2001. Before Fall Out Boy, Wentz was a fixture of the Chicago hardcore scene and was the lead singer and songwriter for Arma Angelus, a metalcore band. During Fall Out Boy's hiatus from 2009 to 2012, Wentz formed the experimental, electropop and dubstep group Black Cards. He owns a record label, DCD2 Records, which has signed bands including Panic! at the Disco and Gym Class Heroes.\nFall Out Boy returned from hiatus in February 2013, and have since released 3 number-one albums; Save Rock and Roll, American Beauty/American Psycho, and Mania.Wentz has also ventured into other non-musical projects, including writing, acting, and fashion; in 2005 he founded a clothing company called Clandestine Industries. He also hosts the TV show Best Ink and runs a film production company called Bartskull Films, as well as a bar called Angels & Kings. His philanthropic activities include collaborations with Invisible Children, Inc. and UNICEF's Tap Project, a fundraising project that helps bring clean drinking water to people worldwide, People magazine states that \"no bassist has upstaged a frontman as well as Pete Wentz of Fall Out Boy.\" He is also a minority owner of the Phoenix Rising FC, a USL Championship team.", "Q108785": "Ursula Helmhold (born 26 April 1966 in Recklinghausen) is a German politician for the Alliance '90/The Greens. She was elected to the Lower Saxon Landtag in 2003, and has been re-elected on one occasion.", "Q351884": "Chris Renaud (born December 1966) is an American illustrator and filmmaker. He was nominated for an Academy Award for the 2006 animated short No Time for Nuts, which featured the character Scrat from the computer animated Ice Age films. His most popular work is the Despicable Me franchise, including Despicable Me and Despicable Me 2, which he co-directed with Pierre Coffin. Along with Coffin, he also co-created and lent his voice to the Minions from Despicable Me.", "Q161733": "Criminology (from Latin cr\u012bmen, \"accusation\", and Ancient Greek -\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, -logy|-logia, from \"logos\" meaning: \"word,\" \"reason,\" or \"plan\") is the scientific study of the nature, extent, management, causes, control, consequences, and prevention of criminal behaviour, both on individual and social levels. Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in both the behavioural and social sciences, which draws primarily upon the research of sociologists, psychologists, philosophers, psychiatrists, biologists, social anthropologists, as well as scholars of law.\nThe term criminology was coined in 1885 by Italian law professor Raffaele Garofalo as Criminologia. Later, French anthropologist Paul Topinard used the analogous French term Criminologie. Paul Topinard's major work appeared in 1879. In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the emphasis of criminology was on the reform of criminal law and not on the causes of crime. Scholars such as Beccaria and Bentham, were more concerned with the humanitarian aspects in dealing with criminals and reforming several criminal laws. Great progress in criminology was made after the first quarter of the twentieth century. The first American textbook on criminology was written in 1920 by sociologist Maurice Parmalee under the title Criminology. Programmes were developed for the specific purpose of training students to be criminologists, but the development was rather slow.\nFrom 1900 through to 2000 the study underwent three significant phases in the United States: (1) Golden Age of Research (1900-1930)-which has been described as a multiple-factor approach, (2) Golden Age of Theory (1930-1960)-which shows that there was no systematic way of connecting criminological research to theory, and (3) a 1960-2000 period-which was seen as a significant turning point for criminology.Criminologists are the people working and researching all of the ins and outs of criminology. Criminologists often look for behavioral patterns of a possible criminal in hopes of finding a particular perpetrator. They also conduct research and investigations, developing theories, and composing results, and often more than not solve crimes.The interests of criminologists include the study of nature of crime and criminals, origins of criminal law, etiology of crime, social reaction to crime, and the functioning of law enforcement agencies and the penal institutions. It can be broadly said that criminology directs its enquiries along three lines: first, it investigates the nature of criminal law and its administration and conditions under which it develops, second, it analyses the causation of crime and the personality of criminals; and third, it studies the control of crime and the rehabilitation of offenders. Thus, criminology includes within its scope the activities of legislative bodies, law-enforcement agencies, judicial institutions, correctional institutions and educational, private and public social agencies.", "Q853841": "Iv\u00e1n B\u00e4cher (25 March 1957 \u2013 2 December 2013) was a Hungarian writer, journalist, playwright and publicist.\nBorn in Budapest, B\u00e4cher wrote as a critic for the Hungarian daily newspaper N\u00e9pszabads\u00e1g. He also published several volumes of short stories and novellas. One of his stories was the inspiration for the television opera Beker\u00edtve of Istv\u00e1n L\u00e1ng in 1990, directed by Gy\u00f6rgy Moln\u00e1r and became a film.\nIv\u00e1n B\u00e4cher died following a serious illness on 2 December 2013, aged 56, at a Budapest hospital.", "Q842794": "The Socialist Republic of Romania (Romanian: Republica Socialist\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia, RSR) refers to Romania under Marxist-Leninist one-party communist rule that existed officially from 1947 to 1989. From 1947 to 1965, the state was known as the Romanian People's Republic (Republica Popular\u0103 Rom\u00een\u0103, RPR). The country was a Soviet-aligned Eastern Bloc state with a dominant role for the Romanian Communist Party enshrined in its constitutions.\nAs World War II ended, Romania, a former Axis member, was occupied by the Soviet Union, the sole representative of the Allies. On 6 March 1945, after mass demonstrations by communist sympathizers and political pressure from the Soviet representative of the Allied Control Commission, a new pro-Soviet government that included members of the previously outlawed Romanian Workers' Party was installed. Gradually, more members of the Workers' Party and communist-aligned parties gained control of the administration and pre-war political leaders were steadily eliminated from political life. In December 1947, King Michael was coerced to abdicate and the People's Republic of Romania was declared.\nAt first, Romania's scarce post-war resources were drained by the \"SovRoms\", new tax-exempt Soviet-Romanian companies that allowed the Soviet Union to control Romania's major sources of income. Another drain was the war reparations paid to the Soviet Union. In the 1950s, however, Romania's communist government began to assert more independence, inducing, for example, the withdrawal of all Soviet troops from Romania by 1958.In the 1960s and 1970s, Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu became General Secretary of the Communist Party (1965), Chairman of the State Council (1967) and assumed the newly established role of President in 1974. Ceau\u0219escu's denunciation of the 1968 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and a brief relaxation in internal repression helped give him a positive image both at home and in the West. However, rapid economic growth fueled in part by foreign credits gradually gave way to an austerity and political repression that led to the fall of his totalitarian government in December 1989.Many people were executed or died in custody during communist Romania's existence, most during the Stalinist era of the 1950s. While judicial executions between 1945 and 1964 numbered 137, deaths in custody are estimated in the tens or hundreds of thousands. Many more were arrested for political, economical or other reasons and suffered imprisonment, torture or death.\nGeographically, Romania bordered the Black Sea to the east; the Soviet Union (via the Ukrainian and Moldavian SSRs) to the north and east; Hungary and Yugoslavia to the west and Bulgaria to the south.", "Q12055": "Eilenburg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u026al\u0259nb\u028a\u0250\u032fk]) is a town in Germany. It lies in the district of Nordsachsen in the Free State of Saxony, approximately 20 km northeast of the city of Leipzig.", "Q5013457": "COP International, also shortened to COP Int'l., is a music label, based in Oakland, California.Initially, the label was founded in 1991 by Christian Petke (a.k.a. Count Zero of Deathline Int'l.) in Frankfurt, Germany. A few months later, Kim X, his girlfriend, opened a branch office in Oakland.The first label full-length release was the California Cyber Crash Compilation. Most of the involved artists, such as Diatribe, Battery, Kode IV, Consolidated, Biohazard PCB (a.k.a. Contagion), Deathline Intl. and Switchblade Symphony, became very popular in the 1990s Electro-industrial scene.\nOther leading label groups were Index, Pulse Legion, Unit:187, Pain Emission and The Razor Skyline.", "Q875138": "Hochschule f\u00fcr Technik und Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences for Engineering and Economics) or HTW Berlin in Berlin, Germany is the largest public University of Applied Sciences in Berlin and Eastern Germany. It has over 13,000 students and 75 programs in areas of engineering, computer science, business, culture and design.", "Q4045538": "Nu-disco is a 21st-century dance music genre associated with a renewed interest in 1970s US disco, as well as synthesizer-heavy 1980s European dance music styles. The genre was especially popular in the mid-2000s, and experienced another small resurgence in the early to mid-2010s.\nCurrently there are several scenes associated with nu-disco term, the first characterized as house music fused with disco (sometimes incorrectly referred to as disco house), and disco-influenced balearic music, also known as balearic beat revival or balearica.", "Q171520": "Pope Urban III (Latin: Urbanus III; died 20 October 1187), born Uberto Crivelli, reigned from 25 November 1185 to his death.", "Q4951333": "Sofia Lovisa Gumaelius (8 December 1840 in \u00d6rebro \u2013 23 January 1915 in Stockholm), was a Swedish businessperson.", "Q504348": "Hildburghausen is a town in Thuringia in central Germany, capital of the district Hildburghausen.", "Q712586": "Blind Willie Johnson (January 25, 1897 \u2013 September 18, 1945) was an American gospel blues singer, guitarist and evangelist. His landmark recordings completed between 1927 and 1930\u2014thirty songs in total\u2014display a combination of powerful \"chest voice\" singing, slide guitar skills, and originality that has influenced later generations of musicians. Even though Johnson's records sold well, as a street performer and preacher, he had little wealth in his lifetime. His life was poorly documented, but over time, music historians such as Samuel Charters have uncovered more about Johnson and his five recording sessions.\nA revival of interest in Johnson's music began in the 1960s, following his inclusion on Harry Smith's Anthology of American Folk Music, and by the efforts of the blues guitarist Reverend Gary Davis. Johnson's work has become more accessible through compilation albums such as American Epic: The Best of Blind Willie Johnson and the Charters compilations. As a result, Johnson is credited as one of the most influential practitioners of the blues, and his slide guitar playing, particularly on his hymn \"Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground\", is highly acclaimed. Other recordings by Johnson include \"Jesus Make Up My Dying Bed\", \"It's Nobody's Fault but Mine\", and \"John the Revelator\".", "Q58612": "Yehuda Amichai (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u200e; born Ludwig Pfeuffer \u200e3 May 1924 \u2013 22 September 2000) was an Israeli poet. Amichai is considered, both in Israel and internationally, as Israel's greatest modern poet, and one of the leading poets worldwide. He also wrote two novels and several short stories. He was one of the first to write in colloquial Hebrew.He was awarded the 1957 Shlonsky Prize, the 1969 Brenner Prize, 1976 Bialik Prize, and 1982 Israel Prize. He also won international poetry prizes and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature on several occasions.", "Q1359039": "Curtis Williams (born January 19, 1979), more commonly known as Spider Loc, is an American rapper and actor. He was formally signed to G-Unit Records. Loc was also the CEO of G-Unit West.", "Q1628345": "O Estado de S. Paulo (Portuguese pronunciation: [u is\u02c8tadu d\u0292i s\u0250\u0303w\u0303 \u02c8pawlu], The State of S\u00e3o Paulo), also known as O Estad\u00e3o (Portuguese pronunciation: [u ista'd\u0250\u0303w\u0303], The Big State), or simply Estad\u00e3o, is a daily newspaper published in the Metropolitan region of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, and distributed mainly nationally. It is owned by Grupo Estado, a holding company which publishes the Jornal da Tarde and owns the radios R\u00e1dio Eldorado AM and FM and the Ag\u00eancia Estado, largest news agency in Brazil.\nIt has the second largest circulation in the City of S\u00e3o Paulo, only behind Folha de S. Paulo, and the fourth largest overall in Brazil. It is nicknamed the Estad\u00e3o (lit. \"Big State\"). The journal was founded relying on republican ideals on January 4, 1875, and was firstly called A Prov\u00edncia de S\u00e3o Paulo (\"The Province of S\u00e3o Paulo\").\nThe newspaper was an active supporter of the military dictatorship in Brazil, which lasted from 1964 to 1985. It is described by observers as having a right-wing or conservative editorial stance.The current publisher is \"O Estado de S. Paulo S.A.\"", "Q57521": "Ali Bongo Ondimba (born Alain Bernard Bongo; 9 February 1959), sometimes known as Ali Bongo, is a Gabonese politician who has been President of Gabon since October 2009.\nAli Bongo is the son of Omar Bongo, who was President of Gabon from 1967 until his death in 2009. During his father's presidency, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1989 to 1991 and represented Bongoville as a Deputy in the National Assembly from 1991 to 1999; subsequently he was Minister of Defense from 1999 to 2009. Following his father's death after 41 years in power, he was first elected in the August 2009 presidential election. He was re-elected in August 2016, in elections marred by numerous irregularities, arrests, human rights violations and post-election violence. Bongo is also President of the Gabonese Democratic Party.", "Q41343": "Post-metal is a style of music that is rooted in heavy metal but explores approaches beyond the genre's conventions. It emerged in the 1990s through the work of bands such as Neurosis and Godflesh who transformed metal texture through experimental composition. Associated with and inspired by post-rock and post-hardcore, the genre employs the darkness and intensity of extreme metal but emphasizes atmosphere, emotion, and even \"revelation\", drawing on a wide range of sources including ambient, noise, psychedelic, progressive, and classical music to develop an expansive but introspective sound. Post-metal songs are typically long, with loose and layered structures that discard the verse\u2013chorus form in favor of crescendos and repeating themes. The sound centres on guitars and drums; any vocals are usually screamed or growled and resemble an additional instrument.\nPost-metal is closely related to avant-garde metal and has also been associated with sludge metal, drone metal, progressive metal, and industrial metal. Alternative names that have been used to describe the genre include art metal and metalgaze, highlighting its connection to art music and shoegazing, respectively. Contemporary post-metal, pioneered by disparate groups such as Isis, Agalloch, Boris, Pelican, Jesu, and Wolves in the Throne Room, often employs the extreme heaviness of doom metal but has also become associated with shoegazing and black metal. In particular, the recent critical acclaim of Deafheaven, whose fusion of these two genres has been nicknamed blackgaze, demonstrates the growing success of the global post-metal underground.\n\n", "Q5354": "Not to be confused with Ernst Mayr (computer scientist), Ernst Mayer, Ernst Meyer, Ernest Mayer or Ernest May.Ernst Walter Mayr (; 5 July 1904 \u2013 3 February 2005) was one of the 20th century's leading evolutionary biologists. He was also a renowned taxonomist, tropical explorer, ornithologist, philosopher of biology, and historian of science. His work contributed to the conceptual revolution that led to the modern evolutionary synthesis of Mendelian genetics, systematics, and Darwinian evolution, and to the development of the biological species concept.\nAlthough Charles Darwin and others posited that multiple species could evolve from a single common ancestor, the mechanism by which this occurred was not understood, creating the species problem. Ernst Mayr approached the problem with a new definition for species. In his book Systematics and the Origin of Species (1942) he wrote that a species is not just a group of morphologically similar individuals, but a group that can breed only among themselves, excluding all others. When populations within a species become isolated by geography, feeding strategy, mate choice, or other means, they may start to differ from other populations through genetic drift and natural selection, and over time may evolve into new species. The most significant and rapid genetic reorganization occurs in extremely small populations that have been isolated (as on islands).\nHis theory of peripatric speciation (a more precise form of allopatric speciation which he advanced), based on his work on birds, is still considered a leading mode of speciation, and was the theoretical underpinning for the theory of punctuated equilibrium, proposed by Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould. Mayr is sometimes credited with inventing modern philosophy of biology, particularly the part related to evolutionary biology, which he distinguished from physics due to its introduction of (natural) history into science.", "Q285431": "Laura Betti (1 May 1927 \u2013 31 July 2004) was an Italian actress known particularly for her work with directors Federico Fellini, Pier Paolo Pasolini and Bernardo Bertolucci. She had a long friendship with Pasolini and made a documentary about him in 2001.\nBetti became famous for portraying bizarre, grotesque, eccentric, unstable or maniacal roles, like Regina in Bernardo Bertolucci's 1900, Anna the medium in Twitch of the Death Nerve, Giovanna la pazza in Woman Buried Alive, hysterical Rita Zigai in Sbatti il mostro in prima pagina, Therese in Private Vices, Public Virtues, Emilia the servant in Pier Paolo Pasolini's Teorema, and Mildred the protagonist's wife in Mario Bava's Hatchet for the Honeymoon.", "Q2910977": "Boris Jordan (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0419\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d, born June 2, 1966) is a Russian-American billionaire businessman who is the chairman of Curaleaf.\n\n", "Q820887": "The University of Florence (Italian: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, UniFI) is an Italian public research university located in Florence, Italy. It comprises 12 schools and has about 60,000 students enrolled.", "Q256669": "Alt\u00f6tting (German pronunciation: [alt\u02c8\u02c0\u0153t\u026a\u014b] (listen), locally [\u0254id\u02c8\u025b\u02d0de\u031d\u014b]) is a town in Bavaria, capital of the district Alt\u00f6tting of Germany. For 500 years it has been the scene of religious pilgrimages by Catholics in honor of Mary including a visit by Pope John Paul II in 1980 and Pope Benedict XVI in 2006.", "Q164663": "The Children of Huang Shi (Chinese: \u9ec4\u77f3\u7684\u5b69\u5b50; working title: The Bitter Sea, also known as Escape from Huang Shi and Children of the Silk Road) is a 2008 historical war drama film starring Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Chow Yun-fat, Radha Mitchell, and Michelle Yeoh, and directed by Roger Spottiswoode. The film centers on the true story of George Hogg and the sixty orphans that he led across China in an effort to save them from conscription during the Second Sino-Japanese war.\n\n", "Q45125": "Kitar\u014d Nishida (\u897f\u7530 \u5e7e\u591a\u90ce, Nishida Kitar\u014d, May 19, 1870 \u2013 June 7, 1945) was a prominent Japanese philosopher, founder of what has been called the Kyoto School of philosophy. He graduated from the University of Tokyo during the Meiji period in 1894 with a degree in philosophy. He was named professor of the Fourth Higher School in Ishikawa Prefecture in 1899 and later became professor of philosophy at Kyoto University. Nishida retired in 1927. In 1940, he was awarded the Order of Culture (\u6587\u5316\u52f2\u7ae0, bunka kunsh\u014d). He participated in establishing the Chiba Institute of Technology (\u5343\u8449\u5de5\u696d\u5927\u5b66) from 1940.\nNishida Kitar\u014d died at the age of 75 of a renal infection. His cremated remains were divided in three and buried at different locations. Part of his remains was buried in the Nishida family grave in his birthplace Unoke, Ishikawa. A second grave can be found at T\u014dkei-ji Temple in Kamakura, where his friend D. T. Suzuki organized Nishida's funeral and was later also buried in the adjacent plot. Nishida's third grave is at Reiun'in (\u970a\u96f2\u9662, Reiun'in), a temple in the My\u014dshin-ji compound in Kyoto.", "Q1132": "Ahlen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u02d0l\u0259n] (listen)) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, 30 km southeast of Munster. Ahlen is part of the District of Warendorf and is economically the most important town in that district. Ahlen is part of the larger M\u00fcnster region, and of the historic M\u00fcnsterland area.\nThe nearby villages of Dolberg, Vorhelm and T\u00f6nnish\u00e4uschen\nare part of Ahlen, as well. The largest neighboring town is the city of Hamm to the southwest.", "Q733560": "Janice Radway (born January 29, 1949) is an American literary and cultural studies scholar.", "Q170616": "Chiba (\u5343\u8449\u5e02, Chiba-shi, Japanese: [t\u0255i\ua71cba]) is the capital city of Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It sits about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of the centre of Tokyo on Tokyo Bay. Chiba City became a government-designated city in 1992. In June 2019, its population was 979,768, with a population density of 3,605 people per km\u00b2. The city has an area of 271.77 square kilometres (104.93 sq mi).\nChiba City is one of the Kant\u014d region's primary seaports, and is home to Chiba Port, which handles one of the highest volumes of cargo in the nation. Much of the city is residential, although there are many factories and warehouses along the coast. There are several major urban centres in the city, including Makuhari, a prime waterfront business district in which Makuhari Messe is located, and Central Chiba, in which the prefectural government office and the city hall are located.\nChiba is famous for the Chiba Urban Monorail, the longest suspended monorail in the world. Some popular destinations in the city include: Kasori Shell Midden, the largest shellmound in the world at 134,000 m2 (160,000 sq yd), Inage Beach, the first artificial beach in the nation which forms part of the longest artificial beach in Japan, and the Chiba City Zoological Park, popular on account of the standing red panda Futa.", "Q127996": "Oded Fehr (Hebrew: \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3\u05d3 \u05e4\u05d4\u05e8\u200e; born November 23, 1970) is an Israeli actor, currently based in the United States. He is known for his appearance as Ardeth Bay in the 1999 remake of The Mummy and its sequel The Mummy Returns, as well as Carlos Oliveira in Resident Evil: Apocalypse and Resident Evil: Extinction and Todd/Clone Carlos in Resident Evil: Retribution, Faris al-Farik in Sleeper Cell, Antoine in Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo, the demon Zankou in the TV series Charmed and Eli Cohn on the TV series V. He also portrayed Eyal Lavin, a Mossad agent on the TV series Covert Affairs, as well as Beau Bronn on the TV series Jane by Design and Mossad Deputy Director Ilan Bodnar on NCIS. Additionally he voiced Osiris in the Destiny 2: Curse of Osiris expansion (2017).\n\n", "Q968155": "Jean-Pierre Dionnet (French: [dj\u0254n\u025b]; born 25 November 1947) is a French comics writer and TV presenter. He has also worked as an editor-in-chief (in 'M\u00e9tal Hurlant), journalist, editor, producer/distributor of films and blogger.\nHe was the co-founder of the comics magazine M\u00e9tal Hurlant in 1974. His works include Exterminateur 17, with art by Enki Bilal.", "Q370862": "The Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) (Arabic: \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u200e Itti\u1e25\u0101d al-Maghrib al-\u2018Arab\u012b) is a trade agreement aiming for economic and future political unity among Arab countries of the Maghreb in North Africa. Its members are the nations of Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia. The Union has been unable to achieve tangible progress on its goals due to deep economic and political disagreements between Morocco and Algeria regarding, among others, the issue of Western Sahara. No high level meetings have taken place since 3 July 2008, and commentators regard the Union as largely dormant.", "Q22905755": "Roots is a 2016 American miniseries and a remake of the 1977 miniseries with the same name, based on Alex Haley's 1976 novel, Roots: The Saga of an American Family. It first aired on May 30, 2016 and stars Malachi Kirby, Forest Whitaker, Anna Paquin, Laurence Fishburne, Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Anika Noni Rose, T.I. and South African actress Nokuthula Ledwaba. It was produced on a budget of $50 million.", "Q130232": "In film and television, drama is a genre of narrative fiction (or semi-fiction) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone. Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular subgenre, such as \"police crime drama\", \"political drama\", \"legal drama\", \"historical drama\", \"domestic drama\", \"teen drama\" or \"comedy-drama\". These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject-matter, or else they qualify the otherwise serious tone of a drama with elements that encourage a broader range of moods.\nAll forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent (mimesis) characters. In this broader sense, drama is a mode distinct from novels, short stories, and narrative poetry or songs. In the modern era before the birth of cinema or television, \"drama\" within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy. It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries, along with film studies, adopted. \"Radio drama\" has been used in both senses\u2014originally transmitted in a live performance, it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio.", "Q1690964": "Bruce Wayne Campbell (December 14, 1946 \u2013 August 3, 1983), known by his stage name Jobriath, was an American rock musician and actor. He was the first openly gay rock musician to be signed to a major record label, and one of the first internationally famous musicians to die of AIDS.", "Q119878": "Hans Nimmerfall (October 25, 1872 \u2013 August 20, 1934) was a Bavarian politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).\nNimmerfall was member of the city council of the former city of Pasing (district of Munich since 1938), as well as a member of the Bavarian parliament from 1912 bis 1918 (representative of Pasing and neighborhood). In 1915, he was founder of Pasings' housing co-op \"Sporer-Block\", and thenceforward president of the association, which aimed for minimize housing shortage. He was chairman of the inaugural meeting of the local SPD associations of Mauth-Finsterau (December 18, 1918) and Aubing-Neuaubing (March 3, 1921). In 1919, he was state council at the Bavarian ministry for military affairs (Germ.: Staatsministerium f\u00fcr milit\u00e4rische Angelegenheiten).After the 1933 Machtergreifung and the seizure of power in the im city hall of Pasing by the Nazis, he and others were deported to the Dachau concentration camp in 1933. He was not in the best of health, and died due to the misusages shortly after his release in Pasing.\nToday, the Nimmerfallstra\u00dfe (before Horst-Wessel-Stra\u00dfe) in Munich-Pasing is named in honor of him.", "Q331180": "Blow Dry is a 2001 British comedy film directed by Paddy Breathnach, written by Simon Beaufoy, and starring Alan Rickman, Natasha Richardson, Rachel Griffiths, and Josh Hartnett. The plot focuses on the takeover of a small English town by the British Hairdressing Championship who is holding their annual competition there.", "Q7543": "Stacy Horn (born June 3, 1956 in Norfolk, Virginia) is an American author, businesswoman and occasional journalist. She grew up on Long Island, New York and received a B.F.A. from Tufts University and the School of the Museum of Fine Arts. She received a graduate degree from New York University's Interactive Telecommunications Program.In 1990, after working as a telecommunications analyst for Mobil Corporation, Horn founded Echo, a New York-based bulletin board system.", "Q120021": "Yves Christen (born 13 July 1941 in Bern, Switzerland) is a Swiss politician who served as President of the National Council (2002\u20132003).Christen studied at ETH Zurich and obtained a diploma in civil engineering. He was first elected to the National Council in 1995, serving until 2006.Christen is married and has two children. A judo practitioner, he was the champion in the under 63 kg category at the 1968 Swiss Championship in Fribourg.\n\n", "Q668570": "Crast' Ag\u00fczza ([\u02cckra\u0283t\u0250\u02c8d\u0291yts\u0250] , known also as Cresta G\u00fczza) (3,869 m) is a mountain in the Bernina Range in Italy and Switzerland.\nThe peak is bounded to the north by the Morteratsch Glacier and to the south by the Upper Scerscen Glacier. To its immediate north-west lies the Fuorcla Crast' Ag\u00fczza (3,601 m); according to Collomb, this is 'the most important glacier pass across the central Bernina Alps; comparable in position with Col du G\u00e9ant in the Mont Blanc range.' The first party to reach the pass (from the north) comprised E. S. Kennedy and J. F. Hardy, with guides Peter and F. Jenny and A. Flury, on 23 July 1861. The first party to traverse the col comprised Francis Fox Tuckett and E. N. Buxton together with guides Peter Jenny, Christian Michel and Franz Biner on 28 July 1864.The usual ascent is made via the rocky east ridge from the Fuorcla da l'Argient. This route was first ascended by Emil Burckhardt with Hans Grass and Peter Egger in August 1874.The mountain is known locally as the Engadin Matterhorn.[1]", "Q171508": "Emanuele Naspetti (born February 24, 1968 in Ancona) is a racing driver and entrepreneur from Italy.\n\n", "Q53747": "Hans G\u00f6ran Persson (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u0153\u0302\u02d0ran \u02c8p\u00e6\u030c\u02d0\u0282\u0254n]; born 20 January 1949) served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1996 to 2006 and was leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1996 to 2007.\nPersson was first elected to the Swedish Parliament in 1979, representing S\u00f6dermanland County but left in 1985 to serve as Municipal Commissioner of Katrineholm, which he did from 1985 to 1989. In 1991, he was re-elected to the Parliament and represented the same constituency. He served as Minister for Schools from 1989 to 1991 in Ingvar Carlsson's first and second cabinets. From 1994 to 1996, Persson served as Minister for Finance in Carlsson's third cabinet.\nAfter that Ingvar Carlsson announced his retirement from the position of Prime Minister, Persson was chosen to become the new Prime Minister. Persson began as Prime Minister where he left office as Minister for Finance \u2013 by continuing to spearhead government efforts to alleviate Sweden's chronic budget deficit. In 1994, the annual shortfall was about 13 per cent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). But after implementing welfare cuts and tax increases, it fell to a projected 2.6 per cent of GDP in 1997, which placed Sweden in a position to qualify for the European Economic and Monetary Union. However, the cost was high: unemployment rose, hovering persistently around 13 per cent, then suddenly fell to about 6.5 per cent the same year. In the 1998 general election, the Social Democrats gained even fewer votes than in the 1991 general election, when they got voted out of office. Persson could remain as Prime Minister with the support of the Green Party and the Left Party.\nIn the 2002 general election the Social Democrats increased their number of seats in the parliament. After the defeat at the general elections of 17 September 2006, Persson immediately filed a request for resignation, and declared his intentions to resign as party leader after the party congress in March 2007.\nSince leaving office, Persson has been a consultant for the Stockholm-based PR firm JKL. He published a book in October 2007, \"Min v\u00e4g, mina val\" (My path, my choices). In 2008 he was appointed Chairman of the Board of Sveaskog by the Swedish Government. He has been a member of the European Council on Tolerance and Reconciliation since 2007, and a member of the board of World Resources Institute since 2010.", "Q1509333": "Georgia State University (Georgia State, State, or GSU) is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1913, it is one of the University System of Georgia's four research universities. It is also the largest institution of higher education by enrollment based in Georgia and is in the top 10 in the nation in number of students with a diverse majority-minority student population of around 53,000 students, including approximately 33,000 undergraduate and graduate students at the main campus downtown as of 2018.The Carnegie Classification framework places Georgia State within its \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity\" category, the framework's classification for universities in the United States that engage in the highest levels of research. The university's over $200 million in research expenditures for the 2018 fiscal year ranked 1st in the nation among universities without an engineering, medical, or agricultural school for the third year in a row. The university is the most comprehensive public institution in Georgia, offering more than 250 degree programs in over 100 fields of study spread across 10 academic colleges and schools. Georgia State has two libraries: University Library, which is split between Library North and Library South on the main campus and also divided among the Perimeter College campuses, and Law Library, which is located on the main campus. Together, both libraries contain over 13 million holdings and serve as federal document depositories. Georgia State has a $2.5 billion economic impact in Georgia.Georgia State University's intercollegiate athletics teams, the Georgia State Panthers, compete in NCAA Division I\u2019s Sun Belt Conference, with the exception of Georgia State's beach volleyball team, which competes in the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association. Georgia State is a founding member of the Sun Belt Conference.", "Q75958": "Curt Walter Jo\u00ebl (18 January 1865 \u2013 15 April 1945) was a German jurist and civil servant. He was the senior civil servant in the Ministry of Justice for much of the 1920s and early 1930s, during the Weimar Republic era. Jo\u00ebl also served as acting Minister of Justice and in 1931/32 was a member of Heinrich Br\u00fcning's second cabinet.", "Q43232": "Aubonne is a municipality in the district of Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q101951": "Pauline Diana Baynes (9 September 1922 \u2013 1 August 2008) was an English illustrator, author and commercial artist. She contributed drawings and paintings to more than two hundred books, mostly in the children's genre. She was the first illustrator of some of J. R. R. Tolkien's minor works and of C. S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia.\n\"The hallmarks of her work were a talent for lively, imaginative designs; the ability to create a sense of energy and animation; a confident fluidity of line; a bold use of vibrant, gem-like colours and the subtle employment of negative space\".", "Q441628": "Mikhail Nikiforovich Katkov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0301\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432; 13 February 1818 \u2013 1 August 1887) was a conservative Russian journalist influential during the reign of tsar Alexander III. He was a proponent of Russian nationalism, an important figure in the creation of a feeling of national identity and purpose. After the Crimean War (1856) and the Polish insurrection of 1863, Katkov abandoned his liberal Anglophile views and rejected the early reforms of tsar Alexander II. Instead he promoted a strong Russian state supported by an enthusiastic Russian people with a unified national outlook. His ideas were based on Western ideas (as opposed to Slavophile ideas). His literary magazine Russkii Vestnik (:The Russian Messenger\") and newspaper Moskovskie Vedomosti (\"Moscow News\") were successful and influential media for promoting his views.", "Q99728": "Navid Kermani (Persian: \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e; Persian pronunciation: [n\u00e6vi\u02d0d c\u025brm\u0251ni\u02d0]; born 27 November 1967 in Siegen, Germany) is a German writer and orientalist. He is the author of several novels as well as books and essays on Islam, the Middle East and Christian-Muslim dialogue. He has won numerous prizes for his literary and academic work, including the Peace Prize of the German Booksellers' Association on 18 June 2015.", "Q55450": "Aldo Fabrizi (born Aldo Fabbrizi; Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8aldo fa\u02c8brittsi]; 1 November 1905 \u2013 2 April 1990) was an Italian actor, director, screenwriter and comedian, best known in United Kingdom for the role of the heroic priest in Roberto Rossellini's Rome, Open City and as partner of Tot\u00f2 in a number of successful comedies.", "Q968633": "H\u00e5kon L\u00f8ken (9 November 1859, in Inder\u00f8y \u2013 10 September 1923) was a Norwegian jurist, journalist, newspaper editor and non-fiction writer. He was a journalist for the newspaper Dagsposten from 1890 to 1902. He founded the newspaper Nidaros in 1902, and was its chief editor from 1902 to 1910. From 1910 to 1918 he served as a public prosecutor.", "Q129005": "\u00d3scar Raymundo Benavides Larrea (March 15, 1876 \u2013 July 2, 1945) was a prominent Peruvian field marshal, diplomat, and politician who served as the 45th (1914 \u2013 1915, by a coup d'etat) and 49th (1933 \u2013 1939) President of Peru.\nHe is also the credited with the quote: \"For my friends everything, for my enemies the law\".", "Q2362299": "Rhett Butler (Born in 1828) is a fictional character based on a historical figure of the same name and a character in Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell.", "Q75780": "Ferdinand Adolf Heinrich August Graf von Zeppelin (8 July 1838 \u2013 8 March 1917) was a German general and later inventor of the Zeppelin rigid airships; he founded the company Luftschiffbau Zeppelin.", "Q49079": "Wolf Isaac Blitzer (born March 22, 1948) is a German-born American journalist, television news anchor and author who has been a CNN reporter since 1990. He is the host of The Situation Room. Blitzer also serves as the network's lead political anchor.\n\n", "Q557738": "Dag Erik Pedersen (born 6 June 1959) is a retired Norwegian road racing cyclist with a long career as professional. He won 3 stages in the Giro d'Italia and he came 4th in the Road race in the 1981 World Championship. He was a member of Birkenes IL, previously for Larvik SK and Grenland SK before he turned professional after the worlds in September 1981.\nPedersen won a total of 43 professional races in his 12 years in Italy and Holland. He won the Norwegian National Road Race Championship in 1992.After he retired as a cyclist he began working for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation where he now works as an anchor. He won best news and sports anchor in Norway in 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2008. He speaks fluent English, German, Italian, French, Dutch and basic Spanish.\nPedersen has also been working with film director Nils Gaup on several occasions. Best known are \"When Dylan came to Langesund\" and \"Deadline Torp\". In 2000, he made a TV documentary about King Harald of Norway. He has also made TV portraits of famous people like Sir Paul McCartney, Andrea Bocelli, B. B. King, Michael Persbrandt, Rod Stewart, Kronprins Haakon of Norway, Nobel Peace Prize winner Rigoberta Mench\u00fa and Bernard Kouchner. In the early 1980s he had a career as a pop singer issuing two singles and the album Gatelangs.\nHe spent 24 days in prison in 1994 for speeding.In an interview with Norwegian media VG/NRK., Dag Erik Pedersen does nok exclude that he might have been drugged, when he in the 80's got injections in which he did not know the content. Already in 2008, Pedersen said that injections with unknown content was a part of the normal daily routines as a bicycle professional. Pedersen tested positive for ephedrine at the 1981 Milk Race (Tour of Britain) and got a one-month suspension.", "Q85301": "Josef Lauff (16 November 1855 - 1933) was a German poet and dramatist.\nHe was born at Cologne, the son of a jurist. He was educated at M\u00fcnster in Westphalia, and entering the army served as a lieutenant of artillery at Thorn and subsequently at Cologne, where he attained the rank of captain in 1890. In 1898 he was summoned by the German emperor, William II, to Wiesbaden, being at the same time promoted to major's rank, in order that he might devote his great dramatic talents to the royal theatre.\nHis literary career began with the epic poems Jan van Calker, ein Malerlied vom Niederrhein (1887, 3rd ed., 1892) and Der Helfensteiner, ein Sang aus dem Bauernkriege (3rd ed., 1896). These were followed by Die Overstolzin (5th ed., 1900), Herodias (2nd ed., 1898) and Die Gei\u00dflerin (4th ed., 1902). He also wrote the novels Die Hexe (6th ed., 1900), Regina coeli (a story of the fall of the Dutch Republic) (7th ed., 1904), Die Hauptmannsfrau (8th ed., 1903) and Marie Verwahnen (1903).\nBut he is best known as a dramatist. Beginning with the tragedy Inez de Castro (1894), he proceeded to dramatize the great monarchs of his country, and, in a Hohenzollern tetralogy, issued Der Burggraf (1897, 6th ed. 1900) and Der Eisenzahn (1900), to be followed by Der grosse Kurfurst (The Great Elector) and Friedrich der Gro\u00dfe (Frederick the Great).\nSee A. Schroeter, Josef Lauff, Em litterarisches Zeitbild (1899), and B. Sturm, Josef Lauff (1903).", "Q102280": "Bobby Todd (22 June 1904 \u2013 7 September 1980) was a German film actor. He appeared in 34 films between 1926 and 1961.", "Q1347561": "Hidetsugu Yagi (\u516b\u6728 \u79c0\u6b21, Yagi Hidetsugu, January 28, 1886 \u2013 January 19, 1976) was a Japanese electrical engineer from Osaka, Japan. When working at Tohoku University, he wrote several articles that introduced a new antenna designed by his colleague Shintaro Uda to the English-speaking world.\nThe Yagi antenna, patented in 1926, allows directional communication using electromagnetic waves, and is now installed on millions of houses throughout the world for radio and television reception. He also tried, unsuccessfully, to introduce a wireless power transmission system. He participated in establishing the Chiba Institute of Technology.He was the fourth president of Osaka University from February 1946 to December 1946.In 1942, he became Director of the Industrial Sciences Faculty of the Tokyo University, in 1944 he became General Director of the Technology Institute, and in 1946 also General Director of the Osaka Imperial University. He was decorated with the Medal of Honor with Blue Ribbon Award in 1951, with the Order of Culture in 1956, and posthumously with the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun in 1976.", "Q295144": "Gustave Caillebotte (French: [\u0261ystav k\u0251jb\u0254t]; 19 August 1848 \u2013 21 February 1894) was a French painter who was a member and patron of the Impressionists, although he painted in a more realistic manner than many others in the group. Caillebotte was noted for his early interest in photography as an art form.", "Q41425": "Ballet (French: [bal\u025b]) is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the fifteenth century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia. It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology. It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres and cultures. Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world, which have historically incorporated their own cultures and as a result, the art has evolved in a number of distinct ways. See glossary of ballet.\nA ballet, a work, consists of the choreography and music for a ballet production. Ballets are choreographed and performed by trained ballet dancers. Traditional classical ballets are usually performed with classical music accompaniment and use elaborate costumes and staging, whereas modern ballets, such as the neoclassical works of American choreographer George Balanchine, are often performed in simple costumes (e.g., leotards and tights) and without the use of elaborate sets or scenery.", "Q218506": "Lund University (Swedish: Lunds universitet) is a prestigious university in Sweden and one of northern Europe\u2019s oldest universities. Lund University is consistently ranked among the world's top 100 universities. The university is located in the city of Lund in the province of Scania, Sweden. It arguably traces its roots back to 1425, when a Franciscan studium generale was founded in Lund next to the Lund Cathedral. After Sweden won Scania from Denmark in the 1658 Treaty of Roskilde, the university was officially founded in 1666 on the location of the old studium generale next to Lund Cathedral.\nLund University has eight faculties, with additional campuses in the cities of Malm\u00f6 and Helsingborg, with 40,000 students in 270 different programmes and 1,300 freestanding courses. The university has some 600 partner universities in nearly 70 countries and it belongs to the League of European Research Universities as well as the global Universitas 21 network.Two major facilities for materials research are in Lund University: MAX IV, a synchrotron radiation laboratory \u2013 inaugurated in June 2016, and European Spallation Source (ESS), a new European facility that will provide up to 100 times brighter neutron beams than existing facilities today, to be opened in 2023.The university centers on the Lundag\u00e5rd park adjacent to the Lund Cathedral, with various departments spread in different locations in town, but mostly concentrated in a belt stretching north from the park connecting to the university hospital area and continuing out to the northeastern periphery of the town, where one finds the large campus of the Faculty of Engineering.", "Q4816044": "The Atlanta College of Art (ACA) was a private four-year art college located in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1905, it was the oldest art college in the Southeast until it was absorbed by Savannah College of Art and Design in 2006.", "Q3177277": "Jeremiah Smith Boies De Veber (November 7, 1829 \u2013 June 18, 1908) was a Canadian politician and businessman.He was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. The son of L.H. De Veber, he was educated in Saint John and entered his father's mercantile firm. De Veber married Elizabeth Isley in 1856. He was a director of the Bank of New Brunswick and the Rivi\u00e8re-du-Loop Railway.He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada on December 1, 1873 as a Member of the Liberal Party of Canada to represent the riding of the City of St. John and re-elected on January 22, 1874 and defeated on September 17, 1878. He was a member of the Liberal Party caucus from December 1, 1873 to August 16, 1878.De Veber was also mayor of Saint John from 1885 to 1887 and served as treasurer for Saint John County from 1887 to 1908.", "Q28493": "Ralph Nathaniel Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes (; born 22 December 1962) is an English actor, film producer, and director. A Shakespeare interpreter, he first achieved success onstage at the Royal National Theatre.\nFiennes's portrayal of Nazi war criminal Amon G\u00f6th in Schindler's List (1993) earned him nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor, and he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. His performance as Count Alm\u00e1sy in The English Patient (1996) garnered him a second Academy Award nomination, for Best Actor, as well as BAFTA and Golden Globe nominations.\nFiennes has appeared in a number of notable films, including Quiz Show (1994), Strange Days (1995), The End of the Affair (1999), Red Dragon (2002), Maid in Manhattan (2002), The Constant Gardener (2005), In Bruges (2008), The Reader (2008), Clash of the Titans (2010), Great Expectations (2012) and The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014). He voiced Rameses in The Prince of Egypt (1998), Lord Victor Quartermaine in Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) and Alfred Pennyworth in The Lego Batman Movie (2017). Fiennes is also known for his roles in major film franchises such as the Harry Potter film series (2005\u20132011), in which he played the franchise's main antagonist, Lord Voldemort. Fiennes also starred in the James Bond series, in which he has played Gareth Mallory / M, starting with the 2012 film Skyfall.\nIn 2011, Fiennes made his directorial debut with his film adaptation of Shakespeare's tragedy Coriolanus, in which he also played the title character. In 1995, he won a Tony Award for playing Prince Hamlet on Broadway. Since 1999, Fiennes has served as an ambassador for UNICEF UK. Fiennes is also an Honorary Associate of London Film School. For his work behind the camera, in 2019 he received the Stanislavsky Award.", "Q76289": "Klaus Uwe Benneter (born 1 March 1947) is a German politician and member of the SPD. He is widowed and has one son.\n\n", "Q3087184": "Frederick Worlock, sometimes credited as Frederic Worlock (December 14, 1886, London \u2013 August 1, 1973, Woodland Hills, California) was a British-American actor.\n\n", "Q355374": "Ian Frank Hill (born 20 January 1952) is an English musician, best known as the bassist of the heavy metal band Judas Priest.", "Q698697": "Matthias Bertsch (born 1966 in Lichtenau) is a German-born Austrian musicologist, musician and professor at the University of Music and Performing Arts in Vienna. He is the President of the Austrian Society for Music and Medicine (Musicians Health Care).", "Q903092": "The University of Debrecen (Hungarian: Debreceni Egyetem) is a university located in Debrecen, Hungary. It is the oldest continuously operating institution of higher education in Hungary (since 1538). The university has a well established programme in the English language for international students, particularly in the Medical field, which first established education in English in 1986. There are nearly 5000 international students studying at the university.\nUntil 2014 technical Academy Awards (Oscars) have been awarded to five former students.\nThe university also operates an associated Basic Medicine campus in Geochang County, South Korea.", "Q172767": "\u00c9ric Ren\u00e9 Boullier (born 9 November 1973) is a French motor racing engineer and manager. He was the racing director of the McLaren F1 Team from 2014 to 2018. During the 2010 to 2013 seasons, he was the team principal of Lotus F1, and was vice chairman of Formula One Teams Association (FOTA) until it was disbanded after six years.\n\n", "Q257211": "Mirjana \"Mira\" Markovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, pronounced [m\u01d0rjana m\u01d0\u02d0ra m\u01ce\u02d0rk\u0254\u028bit\u0361\u0255]; 10 July 1942 \u2013 14 April 2019) was a Serbian politician, academic and the wife of Yugoslav and Serbian president Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107.She was the leader of the Yugoslav United Left (JUL) which governed in coalition with Milo\u0161evi\u0107's Socialist Party of Serbia in the aftermath of the Bosnian War. She was reported to have huge influence over her husband and was increasingly seen as the power behind the throne. Among her opponents, she was known as The Red Witch and the Lady Macbeth of Belgrade.Markovi\u0107 was accused of abuse of office, inciting several associates to allocate a state-owned apartment for her grandson\u2019s nanny in September 2000. She was indicted in December 2002 and fled Belgrade on 23 February 2003. In June 2018, she was declared guilty in absentia by a court in Belgrade, and sentenced to a year's imprisonment, but the verdict was overturned on appeal in March 2019.Markovi\u0107 lived under political asylum in Russia from February 2003 until her death on 14 April 2019 in Moscow.\n\n", "Q67384": "Saicourt is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It comprises the localities of Le Fuet, Bellelay, La Bottiere and Montbautier. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).", "Q2908686": "Boghos Nubar (Armenian: \u054a\u0585\u0572\u0578\u057d \u0546\u0578\u0582\u057a\u0561\u0580), also known as Boghos Nubar Pasha (\u054a\u0585\u0572\u0578\u057d \u0546\u0578\u0582\u057a\u0561\u0580 \u0553\u0561\u0577\u0561) (2 August 1851 \u2013 25 June 1930), was a chairman of the Armenian National Delegation, and the founder, alongside ten other Armenian national movement leaders, of the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) on April 15, 1906, becoming its first ever president, a position he held from 1906 to 1928.\nIn 1912, he was appointed by Catholicos Gevorg V to head the Armenian National Delegation.\n\n", "Q231194": "Reina Tanaka (\u7530\u4e2d \u308c\u3044\u306a, Tanaka Reina, born November 11, 1989) is a Japanese singer, actress, and voice actress. She is one of the vocalists of the Japanese rock band Lovendor. From 2001 to 2013, she was a member of idol group Morning Musume and participated in other music acts under the Hello! Project name.", "Q962478": "Fran\u00e7ois C\u00e9saire de Mahy (22 July 1830, Saint-Pierre, R\u00e9union \u2013 19 November 1906, Paris) was a French politician.", "Q258122": "Patricia J. Tallman (born September 4, 1957) is an American actress, stunt performer, and studio executive best known for her starring roles in Night of the Living Dead and Babylon 5. She is the former CEO and executive producer of Studio JMS.\n\n", "Q164111": "Farah Pahlavi (Persian: \u0641\u0631\u062d \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u200e, n\u00e9e Farah Diba Persian: \u0641\u0631\u062d \u062f\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u200e; born 14 October 1938) is the widow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and was the Shahbanu (empress) of Iran.\nFarah was born into a prosperous family, whose fortunes were diminished after her father's early death. While studying architecture in Paris, she was introduced to the Shah at the Iranian Embassy, and they were married in December 1959. The Shah's first two marriages had not produced a son, necessary for the succession, so there was great rejoicing at the birth of Crown Prince Reza the following October. Farah was then free to pursue interests other than domestic duties, though she was not allowed a political role. She worked for many charities, and founded Iran's first American-style university, enabling more women to become students. She also facilitated the buying-back of Iranian antiquities from museums abroad.\nBy 1978, there were clear signs of impending revolution, and the Imperial couple left the country in January 1979 under a death sentence. For this reason, most countries were reluctant to harbour them, President Sadat\u2019s Egypt being an exception. But the Shah's health was failing, and he died in July 1980. In widowhood, Farah has continued her charity work, dividing her time between Washington, D.C. and Paris.", "Q708284": "Sir Pawe\u0142 Edmund Strzelecki (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8pav\u025bw \u02c8\u025bdmunt st\u0282\u025b\u02c8l\u025bt\u0361sk\u02b2i]; 24 June 1797 \u2013 6 October 1873), also known as Paul Edmund de Strzelecki, was a Polish explorer, geologist and philanthrope who in 1845 also became a British subject. He is noted for his contributions to the exploration of Australia, particularly the Snowy Mountains and Tasmania as well as climbing and naming the highest mountain on the continent \u2013 Mount Kosciuszko (2,228 m).", "Q28487": "B\u00e9r\u00e9nice Bejo (French pronunciation: \u200b[be.\u0281e.nis be.\u0292o]; born 7 July 1976) is a French-Argentine actress best known for playing Christiana in A Knight's Tale (2001) and Peppy Miller in The Artist (2011). Her work in the latter earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won her the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress. For her performance in The Past, she won Best Actress at the Cannes Film Festival in 2013 and was nominated for a C\u00e9sar.", "Q570393": "Editors are an English rock band, formed in 2002 in Birmingham. Previously known as Pilot, The Pride and Snowfield, the band currently consists of Tom Smith (lead vocals, guitar, piano), Russell Leetch (bass guitar, synthesiser, backing vocals), Ed Lay (drums, percussion, backing vocals), Justin Lockey (lead guitar), and Elliott Williams (keys, synthesisers, guitars, and backing vocals).\nEditors have so far released two platinum studio albums, and six in total, with several million combined sales. Their debut album The Back Room was released in 2005. It contained the hits \"Munich\" and \"Blood\" and the following year received a Mercury Prize nomination.\nTheir follow-up album An End Has a Start went to number 1 in the UK Album Chart in June 2007 and earned the band a Brit Awards nomination for best British Band. It also spawned another Top 10 hit single, \"Smokers Outside the Hospital Doors\". The band's third album, In This Light and on This Evening, was released in October 2009 and went straight to number 1 in the UK Album Chart. The band released their fourth studio album, The Weight of Your Love, in July 2013, followed by self-produced In Dream in October 2015. In 2018, the band released their sixth album Violence.\nAlongside their critical acclaim and strong success in the charts, Editors have consistently enjoyed sold-out tours and numerous headlining festival slots. Their brand of dark indie rock is commonly compared to the sound of bands such as Echo & the Bunnymen, Joy Division, Interpol, The Chameleons and U2.", "Q6860967": "Milton Academy (also known as Milton) is a coeducational, independent preparatory, boarding and day school in Milton, Massachusetts consisting of a grade 9\u201312 Upper School and a grade K\u20138 Lower School. Boarding is offered starting in 9th grade.\nMilton is a member of the Independent School League (ISL). Milton's historic athletic rival is Noble and Greenough.", "Q324599": "Christopher Peter Demetral (born November 14, 1976) is an American former actor best known as Jeremy Tupper, the son of newly divorced New York book editor Martin Tupper (played by Brian Benben) on the HBO series Dream On and also Jack in Lois & Clark. He also played the title character in the short-lived series The Secret Adventures of Jules Verne on the Sci Fi Channel. He also played Christopher Ewing in Dallas: J.R. Returns.", "Q70834": "August Friedrich Gfr\u00f6rer (5 March 1803 \u2013 6 July 1861) was a German historian.", "Q77183": "Wilhelm Marx (15 January 1863 \u2013 5 August 1946) was a German lawyer, Catholic politician and a member of the Centre Party. He was Chancellor of Germany twice, from 1923 to 1925 and again from 1926 to 1928, and he also served briefly as Minister President of Prussia in 1925, during the Weimar Republic. With a total of 3 years, 73 days, he was the longest-serving Chancellor during the Weimar Republic (when adding both of his terms; Heinrich Br\u00fcning had the longest continuous tenure with 2 years, 61 days, slightly longer than Marx' first term).\n\n", "Q325687": "Gerald Lee McRaney (born August 19, 1947) is an American television and movie actor. McRaney is best known as one of the stars of the television shows Simon & Simon, Major Dad, Promised Land and House of Cards. He was a series regular in the first season of Jericho and the final season of Deadwood. He appeared in a recurring role as main antagonist Mason Wood in season eight of Castle. Recently, he played Barlow Connally in the A&E series Longmire and has a recurring role in the NBC series This Is Us as Dr. Nathan Katowski, a role which earned him the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series.", "Q11206": "Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizens and, in federal countries such as the United States and Canada, the relationship between the central government and state, provincial, or territorial governments.\nNot all nation states have codified constitutions, though all such states have a jus commune, or law of the land, that may consist of a variety of imperative and consensual rules. These may include customary law, conventions, statutory law, judge-made law, or international rules and norms. Constitutional law deals with the fundamental principles by which the government exercises its authority. In some instances, these principles grant specific powers to the government, such as the power to tax and spend for the welfare of the population. Other times, constitutional principles act to place limits on what the government can do, such as prohibiting the arrest of an individual without sufficient cause.\nIn most nations, such as the United States, India, and Singapore, constitutional law is based on the text of a document ratified at the time the nation came into being. Other constitutions, notably that of the United Kingdom, rely heavily on unwritten rules known as constitutional conventions; their status within constitutional law varies, and the terms of conventions are in some cases strongly contested.", "Q387226": "Michael \"Mick\" Pointer (born 22 July 1956), originally from Brill in Buckinghamshire, is an English drummer. He is known for his work in the neo-progressive rock bands Marillion and Arena. Away from music, he has also worked as a kitchen designer.\nPointer was the original drummer and a founding member of Marillion. He appeared on the band's debut EP Market Square Heroes (1982) and debut LP Script for a Jester's Tear (1983). He was sacked from the band following the album's UK tour and ultimately replaced by Ian Mosley. Lead singer Fish later told Classic Rock that Pointer had been dismissed because he'd \"never liked Mick\u2019s drumming\", \"his timing was awful\" and \"everybody was developing except him\". In another interview, Fish stated: \"Mick was a weekend rock star who got lucky. We just couldn't afford to carry him any further.\"In an interview with Marko's Marillion Museum in July 2019, Mick Pointer gave one of his longest and most detailed conversations on his complete career, including many anecdotes from the pre history of Marillion. Pointer's passion for music grew after hearing his brothers copy of Deep Purple's Machine Head, he set his heart on playing live music, and after playing in a local band Pointer joined Electric Gypsy. The band consisted of Alan King (vocals) Doug Irvine (Bass) Andy Glass (Guitar) and Pointer himself on drums. They were mostly a covers band, but Pointer had bigger ideas and wanted to play a more Progessive style of music, so Electric Gypsy were short lived, but Pointer and Doug Irvine had similar tastes and they decided to form their own band. That band was SilMarillion, the name was Pointer's suggestion after seeing Irvine's copy of the J. R. R. Tolkien book at their home in Long Marston. SilMarillion soon added Brian Jelliman on keyboards and Steve Rothery on guitar. Soon they dropped the \"Sil\" and became just Marillion. This line up wrote songs like \"Alice\" and \"Lady Fantasy\" that still resonate with older fans of the band even today.After his acrimonious departure from Marillion, Pointer did not perform music for another ten years and instead became a kitchen designer, something he had served an apprenticeship in as a teenager. Pointer eventually founded the British progressive band Arena, in which he continues to play with keyboardist Clive Nolan (from Pendragon). He is Nolan's business partner in his record label.\nPointer's view was that he was shocked by the sacking from what was effectively his own band, but after his hiatus he decided to come back to the music business and prove his critics wrong. Pointer has built a long career working with a number of other British musicians. Pointer continues to record and tour extensively with Arena and they are regulars at top festivals around Europe.Pointer later gathered a band for \"Mick Pointer's Script for a Jester's Tear tour\", comprising Brian Cummings (Carpet Crawlers) on vocals, Nick Barrett (Pendragon) on lead guitar, Mike Varty (Credo) on keyboards and Ian Salmon (Arena) on bass guitar, to perform Marillion's debut album for its 25th anniversary. Pointer had originally intended to call it \"Mick Pointer, ex-Marillion\" but the remaining members of the band objected to him using the name and threatened him with legal action.\n\n", "Q1351317": "The University of Damascus (Arabic: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u200e, J\u0101mi\u2018atu Dimashq) is the largest and oldest university in Syria, located in the capital Damascus and has campuses in other Syrian cities. It was founded in 1923 through the merger of the School of Medicine (established 1903) and the Institute of Law (established 1913). Until 1958 it was named the Syrian University, but the name changed after the founding of the University of Aleppo. There are nine public universities and more than ten private ones in Syria. Damascus University was one of the most reputable universities in the Middle East before the war in Syria started in 2011.\nThe University of Damascus consists of several faculties, higher Institutes, intermediate institutes and a school of nursing. One of the institutions specializes in teaching the Arabic language to foreigners, which is the largest institution of its kind in the Arab world.", "Q315744": "Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer (English pronunciation: (listen), French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0283\u025bf\u025b\u0281]; 14 August 1910 \u2013 19 August 1995) was a French composer, writer, broadcaster, engineer, musicologist and acoustician. His innovative work in both the sciences\u2014particularly communications and acoustics\u2014and the various arts of music, literature and radio presentation after the end of World War II, as well as his anti-nuclear activism and cultural criticism garnered him widespread recognition in his lifetime.\nAmongst the vast range of works and projects he undertook, Schaeffer is most widely and currently recognized for his accomplishments in electronic and experimental music, at the core of which stands his role as the chief developer of a unique and early form of avant-garde music known as musique concr\u00e8te. The genre emerged in Europe from the utilization of new music technology developed in the post-war era, following the advance of electroacoustic and acousmatic music.\nSchaeffer's writings (which include written and radio-narrated essays, biographies, short novels, a number of musical treatises and several plays) are often oriented towards his development of the genre, as well as the theoretics and philosophy of music in general.Today, Schaeffer is considered one of the most influential experimental, electroacoustic and subsequently electronic musicians, having been the first composer to utilize a number of contemporary recording and sampling techniques that are now used worldwide by nearly all record production companies. His collaborative endeavors are considered milestones in the histories of electronic and experimental music.", "Q350": "Cambridge ( KAYM-brij) is a university city and the county town of Cambridgeshire, England, on the River Cam approximately 50 miles (80 km) north of London. At the United Kingdom Census 2011, its population was 123,867 including 24,506 students. Cambridge became an important trading centre during the Roman and Viking ages, and there is archaeological evidence of settlement in the area as early as the Bronze Age. The first town charters were granted in the 12th century, although modern city status was not officially conferred until 1951.\nThe University of Cambridge was founded in 1209. The buildings of the university include King's College Chapel, Cavendish Laboratory, and the Cambridge University Library, one of the largest legal deposit libraries in the world. The city's skyline is dominated by several college buildings, along with the spire of the Our Lady and the English Martyrs Church, and the chimney of Addenbrooke's Hospital. Anglia Ruskin University, which evolved from the Cambridge School of Art and the Cambridgeshire College of Arts and Technology, also has its main campus in the city.\nCambridge is at the heart of the high-technology Silicon Fen with industries such as software and bioscience and many start-up companies born out of the university. Over 40 per cent of the workforce have a higher education qualification, more than twice the national average. The Cambridge Biomedical Campus, one of the largest biomedical research clusters in the world, is soon to house premises of AstraZeneca, a hotel, and the relocated Papworth Hospital.The first game of association football took place at Parker's Piece. The Strawberry Fair music and arts festival and Midsummer Fair are held on Midsummer Common, and the annual Cambridge Beer Festival takes place on Jesus Green. The city is adjacent to the M11 and A14 roads. Cambridge station is less than an hour from London King's Cross railway station.\n\n", "Q88631": "Hans Joachim Niemann (born in 1941 in Kiel), is a German philosopher who has developed the methods of critical rationalism for applying them in the fields of metaphysics and ethics.", "Q379852": "Dir En Grey (stylized as DIR EN GREY and previously as Dir en grey) is a Japanese heavy metal band formed in 1997 and currently signed to Firewall Div., a sub-division of Free-Will. With a consistent lineup of guitarists Kaoru and Die, vocalist Kyo, drummer Shinya and bassist Toshiya, they have released ten full-length records. Numerous stylistic changes have made the genre of their music difficult to determine, though it is generally considered to be a form of metal. Originally a visual kei band, the members later opted for more subtle attire, but have continued to maintain a dramatic image on stage.", "Q438499": "Allie Grant (born February 14, 1994) is an American film and television actress. She is best known for her role as Isabelle Hodes on the Showtime television series Weeds appearing in the series from 2005 to 2009. She also co-starred as Lisa Shay on the ABC sitcom Suburgatory. She has a recurring role on The Goldbergs.", "Q53035": "Massimo Troisi (19 February 1953 \u2013 4 June 1994) was an Italian actor, screenwriter, and film director. He began his acting career in a theatre and rose to prominence for his roles in television series. Troisi is best known for his works in the films I'm Starting from Three (1981) and Il Postino: The Postman (1994), and was posthumously nominated for two Oscars for the latter.", "Q215036": "Paul Czinner (30 May 1890 \u2013 22 June 1972) was a Hungarian-born British writer, film director, and producer.", "Q1082849": "Populous is a global architectural and design practice specializing in sports facilities, arenas and convention centers, as well as the planning and design of major special events.\nPopulous was created through a management buyout in January 2009, becoming independently owned and operated. It is reported to be one of the largest architecture firms in the world. Populous formerly operated as HOK Sport Venue Event, which was part of the HOK Group.", "Q7231": "Rosa Luxemburg (German: [\u02c8\u0281o\u02d0za \u02c8l\u028aks\u0259mb\u028a\u0281k] (listen); Polish: R\u00f3\u017ca Luksemburg; also Rozalia Luxenburg; 5 March 1871 \u2013 15 January 1919) was a Polish Marxist, philosopher, economist, anti-war activist and revolutionary socialist who became a naturalized German citizen at the age of 28. Successively, she was a member of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL), the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).\nAfter the SPD supported German involvement in World War I in 1915, Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht co-founded the anti-war Spartacus League (Spartakusbund) which eventually became the KPD. During the November Revolution, she co-founded the newspaper Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag), the central organ of the Spartacist movement. Luxemburg considered the Spartacist uprising of January 1919 a blunder, but supported the attempted overthrow of the government and rejected any attempt at a negotiated solution. Friedrich Ebert's majority SPD government crushed the revolt and the Spartakusbund by sending in the Freikorps, government-sponsored paramilitary groups consisting mostly of World War I veterans. Freikorps troops captured and summarily executed Luxemburg and Liebknecht during the rebellion. Luxemburg's body was thrown in the Landwehr Canal in Berlin.\nDue to her pointed criticism of both the Leninist and the more moderate social democratic schools of socialism, Luxemburg has had a somewhat ambivalent reception among scholars and theorists of the political left. Nonetheless, Luxemburg and Liebknecht were extensively idolized as communist martyrs by the East German communist regime. The German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution asserts that idolization of Luxemburg and Liebknecht is an important tradition of German far-left extremism.", "Q290028": "Duke Special (born Peter Wilson; 4 January 1971) is a songwriter and performer based in Belfast, Northern Ireland. A piano-based songwriter with a romantic style and a warm, distinctly accented voice, he has distinctive long dreadlocks, eyeliner and outfits he describes as \"hobo chic\". His live performances have a theatrical style inspired by Vaudeville and music hall, and often incorporate 78s played on an old-fashioned gramophone, or sound effects from a transistor radio. He is most often accompanied by percussionist \"Temperance Society\" Chip Bailey, who plays cheese graters and egg whisks, a Stumpf fiddle and a Shruti box, as well as the more typical drums and cymbals. Other musicians who perform with Wilson from time to time include Paul Pilot (guitar), R\u00e9a Curran (trumpet, backing vocals, accordion), Ben Castle (clarinet, saxophone), Ben Hales (bass guitar), Gareth Williams, \"Professor\" Ger Eaton (keyboards), Dan Donnelly (mandoline, backing vocals) and Serge Archibald III (saxophone, \"ethereal background sounds\", vibes).\nHis albums include Adventures in Gramophone (2005), Songs from the Deep Forest (2006), both of which were nominated for the Choice Music Prize, I Never Thought This Day Would Come (2008), Little Revolutions (2009), The Silent World of Hector Mann (2010), Mother Courage and Her Children (2010), Under the Dark Cloth (2011), Oh Pioneer (2012), and Look Out Machines! (2015).", "Q81173": "Exeter College (in full: The Rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England and the fourth oldest college of the University.\nThe college is located on Turl Street, where it was founded in 1314 by Devon-born Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter, as a school to educate clergymen. At its foundation Exeter was popular with the sons of the Devonshire gentry, though has since become associated with a much broader range of notable alumni, including William Morris, J. R. R. Tolkien, Richard Burton, Roger Bannister, Alan Bennett, and Philip Pullman.", "Q55444": "Damiano Damiani (23 July 1922 \u2013 7 March 2013) was an Italian screenwriter, film director, actor and writer. Poet and director Pier Paolo Pasolini referred to him as \"a bitter moralist hungry for old purity\", while film critic Paolo Mereghetti said that his style made him \"the most American of Italian directors\".In 1946 Damiano Damiani became part of the so-called Group of Venice with Fernando Carcupino, Hugo Pratt and Dino Battaglia.", "Q483569": "Belarusians (Belarusian: \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u044b, romanized: bie\u0142arusy, Russian: \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u044b, romanized: byelorusy); also Byelorussians (from the Byelorussian SSR), are an East Slavic ethnic group who are native to modern-day Belarus and the immediate region. There are over 9.5 million people who proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide, with the majority residing either in Belarus or the adjacent countries where they are an autochthonous minority.", "Q54982": "Nothing Funny (Polish: Nic \u015bmiesznego) is a 1995 Polish drama film directed by Marek Koterski.", "Q213447": "Edmund John Millington Synge (; 16 April 1871 \u2013 24 March 1909) was an Irish playwright, poet, prose writer, travel writer and collector of folklore. He was a key figure in the Irish Literary Revival and was one of the co-founders of the Abbey Theatre. He is best known for his play The Playboy of the Western World, which caused riots in Dublin during its opening run at the Abbey Theatre.\nAlthough he came from a privileged Anglo-Irish background, Synge's writings are mainly concerned with the world of the Catholic peasants of rural Ireland and with what he saw as the essential paganism of their world view. Synge developed Hodgkin's disease, a metastatic cancer that was then untreatable. He died several weeks short of his 38th birthday as he was trying to complete his last play, Deirdre of the Sorrows.", "Q484206": "The Persians are an Iranian ethnic group that make up over half the population of Iran. They share a common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language, as well as languages closely related to Persian.The ancient Persians were originally an ancient Iranian people who migrated to the region of Persis, corresponding to the modern province of Fars in southwestern Iran, by the ninth century BC. Together with their compatriot allies, they established and ruled some of the world's most powerful empires, well-recognized for their massive cultural, political, and social influence covering much of the territory and population of the ancient world. Throughout history, Persians have contributed greatly to art and science. Persian literature is one of the world's most prominent literary traditions.In contemporary terminology, people of Persian heritage native specifically to present-day Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan are referred to as Tajiks, whereas those in the Caucasus (primarily in the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan and the Russian federal subject of Dagestan), albeit heavily assimilated, are referred to as Tats. However, historically, the terms Tajik and Tat were used as synonymous and interchangeable with Persian. Many influential Persian figures hailed from outside Iran's present-day borders to the northeast in Central Asia and Afghanistan and to a lesser extent to the northwest in the Caucasus proper. In historical contexts, especially in English, \"Persians\" may be defined more loosely to cover all subjects of the ancient Persian polities, regardless of ethnic background.", "Q65587": "Werner Maihofer (20 October 1918 \u2013 6 October 2009) was a German jurist and legal philosopher. He served as Germany's Federal Minister of the Interior from 1974\u20131978 until he resigned after a scandal involving an illegal wiretapping of Klaus Traube.", "Q170164": "Helena, or Saint Helena (Greek: \u1f09\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u1f19\u03bb\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7, Hag\u00eda Hel\u00e9n\u0113, Latin: Flavia Iulia Helena Augusta; c. 246/248 \u2013 c.\u2009330), was an Empress of the Roman Empire, and mother of Emperor Constantine the Great. Born outside of the noble classes, a Greek, possibly in the Greek city of Drepana, Bithynia in Asia Minor, she became the consort of the future Roman Emperor Constantius Chlorus and the mother of the future Emperor Constantine the Great.\nHelena ranks as an important figure in the history of Christianity and of the world due to her influence on her son. In her final years, she made a religious tour of Syria Palaestina and Jerusalem, during which ancient tradition claims that she discovered the True Cross. The Eastern Orthodox Churches, Oriental Orthodox Churches, Roman Catholic Church, and the Anglican Communion revere her as a saint; the Lutheran Church commemorates her.", "Q2490254": "Suntory Sunbirds (\u30b5\u30f3\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30b5\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30ba, Santor\u012b Sanb\u0101zu) is a men's volleyball team based in Osaka city, Osaka, Japan. It plays in V.Premier League. The club was founded in 1973. The owner of the club is Suntory.", "Q300349": "Stephen James Dorrell (born 25 March 1952) is a British Liberal Democrat politician. He served as the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Loughborough between 1979 and 1997 and then for Charnwood from 1997 to 2015.\nDorrell most recently served for four years as Chairman of the House of Commons Health Select Committee from 2010 to 2014. In the 1990s he was a full member of John Major's Cabinet for almost three years, whilst serving as both Secretary of State for National Heritage and then Secretary of State for Health until the 1997 general election. He was also a Patron of the Tory Reform Group.\nSince 2014 he has been a consultant with the health and public service practice of KPMG.\nIn the spring of 2019 he left the Conservative Party to join Change UK and was the lead candidate on the party's list in the West Midlands region at the 2019 European Parliament election. After failing to be elected, he defected to the Liberal Democrats and was the unsuccessful Liberal Democrat candidate for Buckingham in the 2019 general election.", "Q139564": "Atlantic City is a resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States, known for its casinos, boardwalk, and beaches. In 2010, the city had a population of 39,558. It was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. It borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, Egg Harbor Township, and the Atlantic Ocean.\nAtlantic City inspired the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly, especially the street names. Since 1921, Atlantic City has been the home of the Miss America pageant. In 1976, New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City. The first casino opened two years later.", "Q983686": "Leonid Arturovich \"Lavon\" Zeidel-Volsky (Belarusian: \u041b\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0434 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u00ab\u041b\u044f\u0432\u043e\u0301\u043d\u00bb \u0417\u044d\u0439\u0434\u044d\u043b\u044c-\u0412\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0456, pronounced [l\u02b2a\u02c8von \u02c8vol\u02b2sk\u02b2i]; born on 14 September 1965 in Minsk) is a Belarusian musician, writer, painter, and founder of the Belarusian rockgroups Mroja, N.R.M., and Krambambula.", "Q242608": "Kathleen Hanna (born November 12, 1968) is an American singer, musician, artist, feminist activist, pioneer of the feminist punk riot grrrl movement, and punk zine writer. In the early-to-mid-1990s she was the lead singer of feminist punk band Bikini Kill, before fronting Le Tigre in the late 1990s and early 2000s.\nIn 1998, Hanna released a lo-fi solo album under the name Julie Ruin and since 2010, has been working on a project called The Julie Ruin. A documentary film about Hanna was released in 2013 by director Sini Anderson, titled The Punk Singer, detailing Hanna's life and career, as well as revealing her years-long battle with Lyme disease. Hanna is married to Adam Horovitz of the Beastie Boys.", "Q14418": "Lake Lugano (Italian: Lago di Lugano or Ceresio, from Latin: Ceresius lacus; Lombard: Lagh de Lugan; German: Luganersee) is a glacial lake which is situated on the border between southern Switzerland and Northern Italy. The lake, named after the city of Lugano, is situated between Lake Como and Lago Maggiore. It was cited for the first time by Gregory of Tours in 590 with the name Ceresio, a name which is said to have derived from the Latin word cerasus, meaning cherry, and refers to the abundance of cherry trees which at one time adorned the shores of the lake. The lake appears in documents in 804 under the name Laco Luanasco.\n\nWell-known mountains and tourist destinations on the shores of the lake are Monte Br\u00e8 to the east, Monte San Salvatore west of Lugano, and Monte Generoso on the south-east shore. The World Heritage Site Monte San Giorgio is situated south of the lake.", "Q117841": "Marcus Gavius Apicius is believed to have been a Roman gourmet and lover of luxury, who lived sometime in the 1st century AD, during the reign of Tiberius. The Roman cookbook Apicius is often attributed to him, though it is impossible to prove the connection. He was the subject of On the Luxury of Apicius, a famous work, now lost, by the Greek grammarian Apion. M. Gavius Apicius apparently owed his cognomen (his third name) to an earlier Apicius, who lived around 90 BC, whose family name it may have been: if this is true, Apicius had come to mean \"gourmand\" as a result of the fame of this earlier lover of luxury.\nEvidence for the life of M. Gavius Apicius derives partly from contemporary or almost-contemporary sources but is partly filtered through the above-named work by Apion, whose purpose was presumably to explain the names and origins of luxury foods, especially those anecdotally linked to Apicius. From these sources the following anecdotes about M. Gavius Apicius (hereafter called Apicius) survive: to what extent they form a real biography is doubtful.\n\nSejanus (20 BC \u2013 18 October 31), afterwards well known as the minister and confidant of the emperor Tiberius, had in his youth \"sold his body to Apicius\": Tacitus, Annals 4.1.\nApicius dined with Maecenas (70 \u2013 8 BC), Augustus's adviser: Martial, Epigrams 10.73. It is possible that Martial drew this idea from a facile comparison made by Seneca between Maecenas, cultural adviser, and Apicius, gastronomic adviser.\nDrusus (13 BC - 14 September AD 23), son of Tiberius, was persuaded by Apicius not to eat cymae, cabbage tops or cabbage sprouts, because they were a common food: Pliny the Elder, Natural History 19.137.\nThe consuls of AD 28, Junius Blaesus and Lucius Antistius Vetus, dined luxuriously at Apicius' house: Aelian, Letters nos 113-114 Domingo-Forast\u00e9 (Grocock & Grainger 2006, p. 55).\nTiberius saw a big red mullet in the market and wagered that Apicius or Publius Octavius would buy it. Both men began bidding for it and Octavius won: Seneca, Letters to Lucilius 95.42.\nApicius lived at Minturnae (Campania). Having heard of the boasted size and sweetness of the shrimps taken near the Libyan coast, Apicius commandeered a boat and crew, but when he arrived, disappointed by the shrimps he was offered by the local fishermen who came alongside in their boats, and comparing them to the excllent crawfish he was accustomed to at his villa, he turned round and returned to Minturnae \"without going ashore\": Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 1.7a.\nApicius was \"born to enjoy every extravagant luxury that could be contrived\". He advised that red mullet were at their best if, before cooking, they had been drowned in a bath of fish sauce made from red mullet: Pliny, Natural History 9:30.\nApicius advised that flamingo's tongue was of superb flavour: Pliny, Natural History '10:133\nBased on existing methods of producing goose liver (foie gras), Apicius devised a similar method of producing pork liver. He fed his pigs with dried figs and slaughtered them with an overdose of mulsum (honeyed wine): Pliny, Natural History 8.209.\nHaving spent a fortune of 100 million sestertii on his kitchen, spent all the gifts he had received from the Imperial court, and thus swallowed up his income in lavish hospitality, Apicius found that he had only 10 million sestertii left. Afraid of dying in relative poverty, he poisoned himself: Seneca, Consolatio ad Helviam 10.Several recipes were named after Apicius, and probably M. Gavius Apicius is the person intended:\n\nA method of cooking cabbage, marinading in oil and salt and using soda to retain greenness: Pliny, Natural History 19.143.\nA kind of cake: Chrysippus of Tyana quoted by Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 647c.\nSeven recipes in the Apicius cookbook (Dalby 2003, p. 17).Throughout Roman literature Apicius is named in moralizing contexts as the typical gourmet or glutton. Seneca, for example, says that he \"proclaimed the science of the cookshop\" and corrupted the age with his example (Seneca, Consolatio ad Helviam 10). Around the 4th and 5th centuries, Apicius begins to be named as an author: this may be an indication that cookbooks titled Apicius were in circulation by that time. The first such reference may be that in the Scholia on Juvenal (4.22), which assert that Apicius wrote about how to arrange dinners, and about sauces.", "Q11774202": "This is a list of essayists\u2014people notable for their essay-writing.\nNote: Birthplaces (as listed) do not always indicate nationality.", "Q13377": "Prato ( PRAH-toh, Italian: [\u02c8pra\u02d0to] (listen)) is a city and comune in Tuscany, Italy, the capital of the Province of Prato. The city lies 17 kilometres north-west of Florence, at the foot of Monte Retaia, elevation 768 metres (2,520 ft), the last peak in the Calvana chain. With more than 195,000 inhabitants, Prato is Tuscany's second largest city (after Florence) and the third largest in Central Italy (after Rome and Florence).\nHistorically, Prato's economy has been based on the textile industry. The renowned Datini archives are a significant collection of late medieval documents concerning economic and trade history, produced between 1363 and 1410.The city boasts important historical and artistic attractions, with a cultural span that started with the Etruscans and then expanded in the Middle Ages and reached its peak with the Renaissance, when artists such as Donatello, Filippo Lippi and Botticelli left their testimonies in the city.\nThe famous cantucci, a type of biscotti invented in Prato during the Middle Ages, are still produced by local traditional bakers.", "Q151814": "Sarah Brightman (born 14 August 1960) is an English classical crossover soprano, singer, songwriter, actress, dancer and musician.\nBrightman began her career as a member of the dance troupe Hot Gossip and released several disco singles as a solo performer. In 1981, she made her West End musical theatre debut in Cats and met composer Andrew Lloyd Webber, whom she later married. She went on to star in several West End and Broadway musicals, including The Phantom of the Opera, where she originated the role of Christine Daa\u00e9. Her original London cast album of Phantom was released in CD format in 1987 and sold 40 million copies worldwide, making it the biggest-selling cast album ever.After retiring from the stage and divorcing Lloyd Webber, Brightman resumed her music career with former Enigma producer Frank Peterson, this time as a classical crossover artist. She has been credited as the creator and remains among the most prominent performers of this genre, with worldwide sales of more than 35 million albums and two million DVDs, establishing herself as the world's best-selling soprano.Brightman's 1996 duet with the Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli, \"Time to Say Goodbye\", topped the charts all over Europe and became the highest and fastest-selling single of all-time in Germany, where it stayed at the top of the charts for 14 consecutive weeks and sold over three million copies. It subsequently became an international success, selling 12 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling singles of all-time. She has collected over 200 gold and platinum record awards in 38 different countries. In 2010, she was named by Billboard the fifth most influential and best-selling classical artist of the 2000s decade in the US and according to Nielsen SoundScan, she has sold 6.5 million albums in the country.Brightman is the first artist to have been invited twice to perform the theme song at the Olympic Games, first at the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games where she sang \"Amigos Para Siempre\" with the Spanish tenor Jos\u00e9 Carreras with an estimated global audience of a billion people, and 16 years later in 2008 in Beijing, this time with Chinese singer Liu Huan, performing the song \"You and Me\" to an estimated four billion people worldwide.In 2012, Brightman was appointed as the UNESCO Artist for Peace for the period 2012\u20132014, for her \"commitment to humanitarian and charitable causes, her contribution, throughout her artistic career, to the promotion of cultural dialogue and the exchanges among cultures, and her dedication to the ideals and aims of the Organization\". Since 2010, Brightman has been Panasonic's global brand ambassador.In 2014, she began training for a journey to the International Space Station, later postponed until further notice, citing personal reasons. Brightman was awarded the decoration 'Cavaliere' in the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic on 2 June 2016 and an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Hertfordshire in 2018, in recognition of her outstanding contributions to music and theater.", "Q457738": "Coco Montoya (born Henry Montoya, October 2, 1951, Santa Monica, California) is an American blues guitarist and singer and former member of John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers.", "Q544750": "Ernesto Nathan Rogers (March 16, 1909 \u2013 November 7, 1969) was an Italian architect, writer and educator.", "Q291450": "Leonor da Silveira Moreno e Lemos Gomes (born 28 October 1970) is a Portuguese film actress who made her film debut in The Cannibals for director Manoel de Oliveira in 1988. She appeared in most of Oliveira's subsequent films.\nShe is the daughter of Jo\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 de Azevedo e Lemos Gomes and his wifeMaria Ana da Silveira Moreno, and is the older sister of Louren\u00e7o da Silveira Moreno de Lemos Gomes.", "Q1268582": "Chram (or Chramn) (French: Chramn or Chramne, meaning Raven in Old Frankish) (died 561) was a son of Chlothar I and his fifth wife, Chunsina.Chram rose in rebellion against his father Chlothar, a king of the Franks, on several occasions. Following one of these rebellions, he fled with his wife and children to the court of Chanao, the ruler of Brittany, pursued by his father. Chlothar gave battle to the combined forces of Chanao and Chram, and his army was successful; the Breton leader was killed, and Chram, delayed in making his escape by sea because of his concern for his family's safety, was captured. Chlothar gave orders that they should be burned, but Chram was strangled before being placed in a cottage, which was subsequently burned. Chlothar reportedly died of remorse later that year.", "Q311244": "David Darnell Brown (born March 15, 1981), best known by his stage name Young Buck, is an American rapper. As a music executive, he heads his own record label, Cashville Records, and is formerly a member of the hip hop groups G-Unit and UTP Playas.", "Q288101": "Roberta Peters (May 4, 1930 \u2013 January 18, 2017) was an American coloratura soprano.\nOne of the most prominent American singers to achieve lasting fame and success in opera, Peters is noted for her 35-year association with the Metropolitan Opera Company in New York, among the longest such associations between a singer and a company in opera. She was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1998.", "Q97077": "Moritz Carri\u00e8re (5 March 1817 \u2013 19 January 1895) was a German philosopher and historian.Carri\u00e8re was born in Griedel near Darmstadt, Germany. After studying at Giessen, G\u00f6ttingen and Berlin, he spent a few years in Italy studying the fine arts, and established himself in 1842 at Giessen as a teacher of philosophy. In 1853 he was appointed professor at the University of Munich, where he lectured mainly on aesthetics. In the academy in Munich, he lectured on art history.Carri\u00e8re contributed in no small degree to making the idea of German unity more palatable to the South Germans. Carri\u00e8re identified himself with the school of the younger Fichte as one who held the theistic view of the world which aimed at reconciling deism with pantheism, and Christianity with science, art, and history, and who were opposed to ultramontanism. He urged the conversion of the cathedral of Cologne into a free church. Although no obstinate adherent of antiquated forms and prejudices, he firmly upheld the fundamental truths of Christianity.Carri\u00e8re died in Munich on 19 January 1895.", "Q982598": "Robson Caetano da Silva (born September 4, 1964 in Rio de Janeiro) is the most successful Brazilian sprinter to date. He participated in four consecutive Olympic Summer Games (1984, 1988, 1992, 1996) and won the bronze medal over 200 metres in the 1988 Seoul Olympics as well as in the 4\u00d7100 m relay in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.\nPossibly Da Silva's greatest achievement was a series of three victories at World Cup competitions (1985, 1989, and 1992) over 200 m. In his career, da Silva set two South American records over 100 metres and five over 200 m. In 1989, he was ranked No. 1 in the world with a time of 19.96 s over 200 m. His personal best of 10.00 makes him the fastest South American in history.\nRegarding performance-enhancing drugs, Da Silva has stated he decided \"not to take [PED's] and lose because it was a matter of character [and] dignity\".", "Q88157": "Norbert Falk, also credited as Fred Orbing, (5 November 1872, Wei\u00dfkirchen - 16 September 1932, Berlin) was an Austrian journalist and writer, most notable as a screenwriter for German films made under the Weimar Republic, such as Madame Dubarry (1919), Anna Boleyn (1920), Rosita (1923) and Der Kongre\u00df tanzt (1931).\n\n", "Q1026127": "Calvin Grant Shofner (April 7, 1932 \u2013 October 10, 2013), known professionally as Cal Smith, was an American country musician, most famous for his 1974 hits \"Country Bumpkin\" and \"It's Time to Pay the Fiddler\".", "Q928565": "Gobichettipalayam Vasudevan \"G. V.\" Loganathan (April 8, 1954 \u2013 April 16, 2007) was an Indian-born American professor, who, at the time of his death, was a professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental engineering, part of the College of Engineering at Virginia Tech, United States.", "Q272913": "Ellen Muriel Deason (August 30, 1919 \u2013 July 16, 2012), known professionally as Kitty Wells, was an American pioneering female country music singer. She broke down a female barrier in country music with her 1952 hit recording \"It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels\", which also made her the first female country singer to top the U.S. country charts and turned her into the first female country superstar. \u201cIt Wasn\u2019t God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels\u201d would also be her first of several pop crossover hits. Wells is the only female artist to be awarded top female vocalist awards for 14 consecutive years. Her chart-topping hits continued until the mid 1960s, paving the way for and inspiring a long list of female country singers who came to prominence in the 1960s.\nWells ranks as the sixth most successful female vocalist in the history of the Billboard country charts, according to historian Joel Whitburn's book The Top 40 Country Hits. In 1976, she was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. In 1991, she became the third country music artist, after Roy Acuff and Hank Williams, and the eighth woman to receive the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Wells' success and influence on country music garnered her the title \"Queen of Country Music\".", "Q443995": "John Cameron Mitchell (born April 21, 1963) is an American actor, playwright, screenwriter, and director.", "Q112939": "Junius Edgar West (July 12, 1866 \u2013 January 1, 1947) was a Virginia politician and businessman who was born in Sussex County, Virginia, on July 12, 1866, and whose long and distinguished career culminated in two terms as the 22nd Lieutenant Governor of Virginia.", "Q236189": "Judith Therese Evans (born July 20, 1975), known professionally as Judy Greer, is an American actress, voice actress, comedian, and author. She is primarily known as a character actress, who has appeared in supporting roles in a variety of films. She first rose to prominence in the early 2000s, appearing in the romantic comedies What Women Want (2000), 13 Going on 30 (2004), 27 Dresses (2008), and Love & Other Drugs (2010).\nGreer also expanded into other genres, with roles in the films The Descendants (2011), Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014), Jurassic World (2015), Ant-Man (2015), War for the Planet of the Apes (2017), Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018), and Halloween (2018). She made her directorial debut with the comedy-drama film A Happening of Monumental Proportions (2017).\nOn television, Greer is best known for her recurring role in the comedy series Arrested Development (2003\u20132018). She also voices Cheryl Tunt in the FXX animated comedy series Archer (2009\u2013present) and stars as Jill Piccirillo\tin the Showtime comedy-drama series Kidding (2018\u2013present).", "Q442453": "Scarlett Noel Pomers (born November 28, 1988) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. Her most recognizable roles have been as Naomi Wildman on Star Trek: Voyager (1998\u20132001) and Kyra Hart on the television series Reba (2001\u20132007). Her debut EP, titled Insane, was released January 7, 2010.", "Q57535": "Raimund Pretzel (27 December 1907 \u2013 2 January 1999), better known by his pseudonym Sebastian Haffner, was a German journalist and author. He wrote mainly about recent German history. His focus was specifically on the history of the German Reich (1871\u20131945); his books dealt with the origins and course of the First World War, the failure of the Weimar Republic, and the subsequent rise and fall of Nazi Germany under Hitler. His most known work is The Meaning of Hitler (German: Anmerkungen zu Hitler, 1978), a short biography and analysis of Hitler.", "Q104183": "Lillian Diana Gish (October 14, 1893 \u2013 February 27, 1993) was an American pioneering actress of the screen and stage, and a director and writer. Her film acting career spanned 75 years, from 1912, in silent film shorts, to 1987. Gish was called \"The First Lady of American Cinema\", and is credited with pioneering fundamental film performance techniques.Gish was a prominent film star from 1912 into the 1920s, being particularly associated with the films of director D. W. Griffith, including her leading role in the highest-grossing film of the silent era, Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915). At the dawn of the sound era, she returned to the stage and appeared in film infrequently, including well-known roles in the controversial western Duel in the Sun (1946) and the offbeat thriller The Night of the Hunter (1955). She also did considerable television work from the early 1950s into the 1980s, and closed her career playing opposite Bette Davis in the 1987 film The Whales of August. During her later years Gish became a dedicated advocate for the appreciation and preservation of silent film. Despite being better known for her film work, she was also an accomplished stage actress, and was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1972.", "Q216259": "Karl Anselm, 4th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, full German name: Karl Anselm F\u00fcrst von Thurn und Taxis (2 June 1733 \u2013 13 November 1805) was the fourth Prince of Thurn and Taxis, Postmaster General of the Imperial Reichspost, and Head of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis from 17 March 1773 until his death on 13 November 1805. Karl Anselm served as Prinzipalkommissar at the Perpetual Imperial Diet in Regensburg for Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor and Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor from 1773 to 1797.", "Q4706100": "Alan B. Miller (born August 17, 1937) is an American businessman who is the founder of Universal Health Services, and currently serves as the company's chairman and chief executive officer (CEO). Miller founded the company in 1979 and it has grown to become one of the largest providers of hospital and healthcare services in the nation, with annual revenues of more than $11.37 billion.", "Q895796": "The Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts (Hochschule f\u00fcr Schauspielkunst \u201eErnst Busch\u201c, HFS), based in the Niedersch\u00f6neweide district of Berlin, Germany, was founded in 1951 as the National Theatre School in Berlin with the status of college. In 1981 it was granted university status, and a year later was renamed after the singer and East German actor Ernst Busch.", "Q878420": "Armen Gondrachyan (Armenian: \u0531\u0580\u0574\u0565\u0576 \u0533\u0578\u0576\u0564\u0580\u0561\u0579\u0575\u0561\u0576), better known by his stage name Armenchik (Armenian: \u0531\u0580\u0574\u0565\u0576\u0579\u056b\u056f), is an Armenian pop singer based in Los Angeles.", "Q163118": "Marguerite Yourcenar (UK: , US: , French: [ma\u0281\u0261(\u0259)\u0281it ju\u0281s\u0259na\u0281] (listen); 8 June 1903 \u2013 17 December 1987) was a Belgian novelist and essayist born in Brussels, Belgium, who became a US citizen in 1947. Winner of the Prix Femina and the Erasmus Prize, she was the first woman elected to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise, in 1980, and the seventeenth person to occupy seat 3.", "Q31868": "Shah Berunai was the eighth Sultan of Brunei who ruled only a year. He ascended the throne in 1581 on the death of his father Sultan Saiful Rijal. He died in 1582 without any male descendants and was succeeded by his younger brother Pengiran Muda Tengah Muhammad Hassan. During his reign he was concerned with the production of a cannon for the defense of Brunei from the attacks of the Spanish army, that was headquartered in Manila, as a consequence of the Castille War.", "Q487069": "Mikael Salomon (born 24 February 1945) is a Danish-born cinematographer, director and producer of film and television. After a long cinematography career in Danish cinema, he transitioned to the Hollywood film industry in the late 1980s earning two Academy Award nominations. He is also a television director whose credits include dozens of series, films and miniseries including Band of Brothers, Salem's Lot, Rome, and The Andromeda Strain. His awards and nominations include a Primetime Emmy Award and a Directors Guild of America Award.", "Q645390": "Carlo Lucarelli (born 26 October 1960) is an Italian crime-writer, TV presenter, and magazine editor. He was shortlisted for the Gold Dagger in 2003 for the novel Almost Blue.", "Q18222": "Andrea Joy Cook (born July 22, 1978), known professionally as A.J. Cook, is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her role as Supervisory Special Agent Jennifer \"JJ\" Jareau on the CBS crime drama Criminal Minds (2005-2020). She has also appeared in Higher Ground (2000), Ripper (2001), The Virgin Suicides (1999), Out Cold (2001), and Final Destination 2 (2003).", "Q312995": "Michael Bruce Sterling (born April 14, 1954) is an American science fiction author known for his novels and work on the Mirrorshades anthology, which helped to define the cyberpunk genre. Sterling's first ever science fiction story, Man-Made Self, was sold in 1976. He first became famous by hosting annual Christmas event to present digital art. He spent many years after this creating many science fiction novels such as Schismatrix (1985), Islands In The Net (1988), and Heavy Weather (1994). In 1992, he published his first nonfiction novel, The Hacker Crackdown: Law And Disorder On The Electronic Frontier.", "Q3902": "Viersen is the capital of the district of Viersen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.\n\n", "Q143223": "Joanne Froggatt (born 23 August 1980) is an English actress. From 2010 to 2015, she portrayed Anna Bates in the ITV period drama series Downton Abbey. For this role, she received three Emmy nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television in 2014. From 2017, she has starred in the ITV drama series Liar.\nFroggatt's early television appearances include Coronation Street (1997\u20131998), Bad Girls (1999), Dinnerladies (1999) and A Touch of Frost (2003). She went on to star in the television films Danielle Cable: Eyewitness (2003), See No Evil: The Moors Murders (2006) and Murder in the Outback (2007), before winning the British Independent Film Award for Most Promising Newcomer for her leading role in the 2010 film In Our Name.", "Q105276": "Gundekar (1019\u20131075), (also Gundechar, Gundakar, Gunzo) was bishop of Eichst\u00e4tt from 1057 to 1075. He is known for his historical work Vitae Pontificum Eystettensium on his predecessors.He is a Catholic blessed and his feast day is August 2.", "Q180268": "Gospel music is a genre of Christian music. The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of gospel music varies according to culture and social context. Gospel music is composed and performed for many purposes, including aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, and as an entertainment product for the marketplace. Gospel music usually has dominant vocals (often with strong use of harmony) with Christian lyrics. Gospel music can be traced to the early 17th century, with roots in the black oral tradition. Hymns and sacred songs were often repeated in a call and response fashion. Most of the churches relied on hand clapping and foot stomping as rhythmic accompaniment. Most of the singing was done a cappella. The first published use of the term \"gospel song\" probably appeared in 1874. The original gospel songs were written and composed by authors such as George F. Root, Philip Bliss, Charles H. Gabriel, William Howard Doane, and Fanny Crosby. Gospel music publishing houses emerged. The advent of radio in the 1920s greatly increased the audience for gospel music. Following World War II, gospel music moved into major auditoriums, and gospel music concerts became quite elaborate.Gospel blues is a blues-based form of gospel music (a combination of blues guitar and evangelistic lyrics). Southern gospel used all male, tenor-lead-baritone-bass quartet make-up. Progressive Southern gospel is an American music genre that has grown out of Southern gospel over the past couple of decades. Christian country music, sometimes referred to as country gospel music, is a subgenre of gospel music with a country flair. It peaked in popularity in the mid-1990s.\nBluegrass gospel music is rooted in American mountain music. Celtic gospel music infuses gospel music with a Celtic flair, and is quite popular in countries such as Ireland. British black gospel refers to Gospel music of the African diaspora, which has been produced in the UK. Some proponents of \"standard\" hymns generally dislike gospel music of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Today, with historical distance, there is a greater acceptance of such gospel songs into official denominational hymnals.", "Q271229": "\u00c5sa Maria Sandell (born January 24, 1967) is a Swedish journalist and professional female super middleweight boxer.", "Q69430": "Peter Roman Scholl-Latour (9 March 1924 \u2013 16 August 2014) was a German journalist and author.", "Q188634": "Matthias Corvinus, also called Matthias I (Hungarian: Hunyadi M\u00e1ty\u00e1s, Croatian: Matija Korvin, Romanian: Matei Corvin, Slovak: Matej Korv\u00edn, Czech: Maty\u00e1\u0161 Korv\u00edn; 23 February 1443 \u2013 6 April 1490), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 to 1490. After conducting several military campaigns, he was elected King of Bohemia in 1469 and adopted the title Duke of Austria in 1487. He was the son of John Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary, who died in 1456. In 1457, Matthias was imprisoned along with his older brother, Ladislaus Hunyadi, on the orders of King Ladislaus the Posthumous. Ladislaus Hunyadi was executed, causing a rebellion that forced King Ladislaus to flee Hungary. After the King died unexpectedly, Matthias's uncle Michael Szil\u00e1gyi persuaded the Estates to unanimously proclaim Matthias king on 24 January 1458. He began his rule under his uncle's guardianship, but he took effective control of government within two weeks.\nAs king, Matthias waged wars against the Czech mercenaries who dominated Upper Hungary (today parts of Slovakia and Northern Hungary) and against Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, who claimed Hungary for himself. In this period, the Ottoman Empire conquered Serbia and Bosnia, terminating the zone of buffer states along the southern frontiers of the Kingdom of Hungary. Matthias signed a peace treaty with Frederick III in 1463, acknowledging the Emperor's right to style himself King of Hungary. The Emperor returned the Holy Crown of Hungary with which Matthias was crowned on 29 April 1464. In this year, Matthias invaded the territories that had recently been occupied by the Ottomans and seized fortresses in Bosnia. He soon realized he could expect no substantial aid from the Christian powers and gave up his anti-Ottoman policy.\nMatthias introduced new taxes and regularly collected extraordinary taxes. These measures caused a rebellion in Transylvania in 1467, but he subdued the rebels. The next year, Matthias declared war on George of Pod\u011bbrady, the Hussite King of Bohemia, and conquered Moravia, Silesia, and Lausitz, but he could not occupy Bohemia proper. The Catholic Estates proclaimed him King of Bohemia on 3 May 1469, but the Hussite lords refused to yield to him even after the death of their leader George of Pod\u011bbrady in 1471. Instead, they elected Vladislaus Jagiellon, the eldest son of Casimir IV of Poland. A group of Hungarian prelates and lords offered the throne to Vladislaus's younger brother Casimir, but Matthias overcame their rebellion. Having routed the united troops of Casimir IV and Vladislaus at Breslau in Silesia (now Wroc\u0142aw in Poland) in late 1474, Matthias turned against the Ottomans, who had devastated the eastern parts of Hungary. He sent reinforcements to Stephen the Great, Prince of Moldavia, enabling Stephen to repel a series of Ottoman invasions in the late 1470s. In 1476, Matthias besieged and seized \u0160abac, an important Ottoman border fort. He concluded a peace treaty with Vladislaus Jagiellon in 1478, confirming the division of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown between them. Matthias waged a war against Emperor Frederick and occupied Lower Austria between 1482 and 1487.\nMatthias established one of the earliest professional standing armies of medieval Europe (the Black Army of Hungary), reformed the administration of justice, reduced the power of the barons, and promoted the careers of talented individuals chosen for their abilities rather than their social statuses. Matthias patronized art and science; his royal library, the Bibliotheca Corviniana, was one of the largest collections of books in Europe. With his patronage, Hungary became the first country to embrace the Renaissance from Italy. As Matthias the Just, the monarch who wandered among his subjects in disguise, he remains a popular hero of Hungarian folk tales.", "Q66703": "Johannes, 11th Prince of Thurn and Taxis (5 June 1926 \u2013 14 December 1990) was a German businessman and head of the House of Thurn und Taxis from 1982 until his death.\n\n", "Q38119": "Daniel Jacob Radcliffe (born 23 July 1989) is an English actor and producer. He is best known for playing the titular protagonist in the Harry Potter film series during his adolescence and early adulthood.\nBorn and raised in London, Radcliffe made his acting debut at 10 years of age in BBC One's 1999 television film David Copperfield, followed by his cinematic debut in 2001's The Tailor of Panama. At age 11, he was cast as Harry in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. Over the next 10 years, Radcliffe played the lead role in seven more Harry Potter films, culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2 (2011). During this period, Radcliffe became one of the highest-paid actors in the world; earned worldwide fame, popularity, and critical acclaim; and received many accolades for his performances in the series.\nFollowing the success of the Harry Potter films, Radcliffe portrayed lawyer Arthur Kipps in the Edwardian horror film The Woman in Black (2012); famed beat poet Allen Ginsberg in the independent film Kill Your Darlings (2013); Victor Frankenstein's assistant, Igor, in the science fiction fantasy Victor Frankenstein (2015); Manny, a sentient corpse in the comedy-drama Swiss Army Man (2016); technological prodigy Walter Mabry in the heist thriller film Now You See Me 2 (2016); and FBI agent Nate Foster in the critically-acclaimed thriller Imperium (2016). Radcliffe began to branch out to stage acting in 2007, starring in the London and New York productions of Equus and in the 2011 Broadway revival of the musical How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying. Since 2018, Radcliffe has starred in the TBS anthology television series Miracle Workers.\nRadcliffe has contributed to many charities, including Demelza Hospice Care for Children and The Trevor Project; the latter charity gave him its Hero Award in 2011.", "Q229042": "Barbara Hershey (born Barbara Lynn Herzstein; February 5, 1948) is an American actress. In a career spanning more than 50 years, she has played a variety of roles on television and in cinema in several genres, including westerns and comedies. She began acting at age 17 in 1965 but did not achieve much critical acclaim until the latter half of the 1980s. By that time, the Chicago Tribune referred to her as \"one of America's finest actresses\".Hershey won an Emmy and a Golden Globe for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries/TV Film for her role in A Killing in a Small Town (1990). She received Golden Globe nominations for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Mary Magdalene in The Last Temptation of Christ (1988) and for her role in The Portrait of a Lady (1996). For the latter film, she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won the Los Angeles Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress. She has won two Best Actress awards at the Cannes Film Festival for her roles in Shy People (1987) and A World Apart (1988). She was featured in Woody Allen's Hannah and Her Sisters (1986), for which she was nominated for the British Academy Film Award for Best Supporting Actress and Garry Marshall's melodrama Beaches (1988), and she earned a second British Academy Film Award nomination for Darren Aronofsky's Black Swan (2010).\nEstablishing a reputation early in her career as a \"hippie\", Hershey experienced conflict between her personal life and her acting goals. Her career suffered a decline during a six-year relationship with actor David Carradine, with whom she had a child. She experimented with a change in stage name that she later regretted. During this time, her personal life was highly publicized and ridiculed. Her acting career was not well established until she separated from Carradine and changed her stage name back to Hershey. Later in her career, she began to keep her personal life private.", "Q690552": "The Muttenhorn is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Valais and Uri. At 3,099 metres above sea level, it overlooks the south side of Furka Pass. A glacier named Muttgletscher lies over its north-western flanks, above 2,600 metres.\nThe summit is also distinguished by the name Gross Muttenhorn, with other lower summits being named Chli Muttenhorn (3,024 metres) and Stotzig Muttenhorn (3,062 metres). The whole range is referred to as the Muttenh\u00f6rner.", "Q462768": "Antiochus I Theos Dikaios Epiphanes Philorhomaios Philhellen (Ancient Greek: \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u0398\u03b5\u1f78\u03c2 \u0394\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f18\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u1f74\u03c2 \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd, meaning \"Antiochos, the just, eminent god, friend of Romans and friend of Greeks\", c. 86 BC \u2013 31 BC, ruled 70 BC \u2013 31 BC) was king of the Greco-Iranian Kingdom of Commagene and the most famous king of that kingdom.The ruins of the tomb-sanctuary of Antiochus atop Mount Nemrut in Turkey were added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1987. Several sandstone bas reliefs discovered at the site contain some of the oldest known images of two figures shaking hands.", "Q28475847": "Tokyo Trial is a Japanese four-part historical drama miniseries that depicts the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. The series was co-directed by Pieter Verhoeff and Rob W. King, and produced by Japanese public broadcaster NHK in a co-production with FATT Productions of the Netherlands and Don Carmody Television of Canada.The series stars Marcel Hensema, Jonathan Hyde, Paul Freeman, Stephen McHattie, Julian Wadham, Irrfan Khan, and Michael Ironside.Tokyo Trial premiered on NHK in Japan on 12 December 2016. Thereafter, it was made available on the NHK On-Demand VoD service and subsequently by Netflix. Overseas, the series premiered in 190 countries on Netflix in December 2016. The Netflix broadcast of the series includes subtitles in 20 languages.", "Q966187": "John Ardoin, (January 8, 1935 in Alexandria, Louisiana \u2013 March 18, 2001 in San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica), was best known as the music critic of The Dallas Morning News for thirty-two years and especially for his friendship with and encyclopedic knowledge of the work of the famous opera soprano, Maria Callas, about whom he wrote four books. But his influence stretched much further than Dallas, and he knew many of the most important figures in classical music of the postwar era.\nAs a child of twelve, he became interested in listening to the Saturday Met broadcasts and also heard and saw many singers of the day on The Voice of Firestone, and The Bell Telephone Hour. As he notes, \"the radio was my first important link to the whole world\". He also describes his first experiences of seeing opera:\n\nit wasn't until I was about 16 or 17 I saw my first opera \u2013 the old Charles Wagner Company, which used to barnstorm around towns, with Beverly Sills. Wait, I should say, that was my second opera, because I heard my first opera, La boh\u00e8me, and then I saw the next year this neighboring city was doing La traviata. I went, and there was a baby Bev and John Alexander.\nHowever, in the same interview, he recounts a visit to the opera in New Orleans with his parents in 1950 or 1951 to see Ris\u00eb Stevens as Carmen.\nArdoin attended North Texas State College (now the University of North Texas) in Denton and later transferred to the University of Texas at Austin. There he studied music theory and composition and obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree. Later, he received his Master of Arts from the University of Oklahoma at Norman and did postgraduate work at Michigan State University at Lansing, Michigan.\nDuring his army service spent in Stuttgart, (Germany), Ardoin had several important operatic experiences, not the least of which was a Ring cycle and a later Tristan und Isolde with the soprano Martha M\u00f6dl who \"knocked me for a loop. From then on, I was searching for that same sort of incandescence in others\u2026..M\u00f6dl was electricity \u2013 from her toes to the top of her head. Never once a second out of character. I mean, the concentration was so fierce\".Upon returning to the US, he went to New York in the late 1950s and, for seven years, wrote about music. He was editor of Musical America magazine, managing editor of the program books for Philharmonic Hall (now Avery Fisher Hall) at Lincoln Center, a writer for the Saturday Review of Literature, as well as New York critic for The Times of London and Opera.\nIn June 1966 he became the music critic at The Dallas Morning News, only the second person to do so, but his most well-known writings were about Maria Callas, who was considered the godmother of the Dallas Opera after her 1958 appearances there. He became friendly with Callas during the 1960s and his 1977 book, The Callas Legacy, is an overview of her recordings, now in its 4th edition. Callas at Juilliard (1988) focuses on her master classes given in New York in the 1970s and it inspired playwright Terrence McNally to write the Tony Award-winning play Master Class. Ardoin also collaborated with Gerald Fitzgerald, and in 1974, they published Callas, Life and Art, possibly the finest book about Maria Callas.\nFrequently, Ardoin was a commentator on the Metropolitan Opera's weekly radio broadcasts and was a consultant to the PBS Great Performances series for twenty years. He wrote the script for Walter Cronkite's narration of the New Year's Day international telecasts of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra on New Year's Day.\nHe was given an honorary doctorate from the University of North Texas for his work in criticism in 1987, and, after retiring from the Morning News in 1998, Ardoin retired to Costa Rica.", "Q176298": "The Friedhof Heerstra\u00dfe cemetery is located at Trakehnerallee 1 (Trakehner avenue No.1), district of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf in Berlin, Germany, beneath the Olympiastadion. It covers an area of 149,650 square meters.\nThe cemetery was originally named and planned for the local residents of Villenkolonie Heerstra\u00dfe. It was laid out between 1921-24 around the Sausuhlensee (Wild boar's lake). Created by landscape architect Erwin Barth as a forest cemetery, the chapel was designed by Erich Blunck.\nToday's cemetery does not reflect its original design. In 1935/36 the original plans for extending the cemetery were dropped and the land was appropriated for landscaping related to the 1936 Summer Olympics; the fact that the non-denominational cemetery contained a number of Jewish graves bolstered the Nazis' need to keep the cemetery out of sight. Another problem for the Olympic organizers was that the cemetery chapel could be seen from the sports fields; accordingly the roof was lowered and other changes made to its design.\nIn 1948 the war-damaged chapel was rebuilt following the 1936 design alterations.\nFrom the beginning this cemetery was open to all: Christians, Jews, Muslims, and even suicides. Its idyllic location on the lake attracted many prominent people whose graves are located there.\n\n", "Q129944": "Wojciech Roman Ruszkowski (29 May 1897 \u2013 29 December 1976) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in ten films between 1933 and 1967.\n\n", "Q232304": "Conchata Galen Ferrell (born March 28, 1943) is an American actress. Although she has been a regular castmember of five TV sitcom series, she is best known for playing Berta the housekeeper for all twelve seasons of the sitcom Two and a Half Men. For her performance as Berta, she received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series (in 2005 and 2007). These came in addition to an earlier nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her performance in L.A. Law (1992).\n\n", "Q3860834": "Monica Mondardini (Cesena, 26 September 1960) is an Italian emanager, currently Chief Executive Officer of the CIR Group (Compagnie Industriali Riunite) and of its subsidiary Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso.", "Q589905": "Paul Neal \"Red\" Adair (June 18, 1915 \u2013 August 7, 2004) was an American oil well firefighter. He became notable as an innovator in the highly specialized and hazardous profession of extinguishing and capping oil well blowouts, both land-based and offshore.\nAdair was born in Houston, Texas, the son of an Irish blacksmith, and attended Reagan High School. He began fighting oil well fires after returning from serving in an Army bomb disposal unit during World War II. He started his career working for Myron Kinley, the \"original\" blowout/oil firefighting pioneer. They pioneered the technique of using a V-shaped charge of high explosives (the Munroe effect being used during the war and used in bazookas and the atom bomb), the high velocity blast of which would snuff the fire. He founded Red Adair Co. Inc. in 1959, and over the course of his career battled more than 2,000 land and offshore oil well, natural gas well, and similar spectacular fires. Adair gained global attention in 1962 when he tackled a fire at the Gassi Touil gas field in the Algerian Sahara nicknamed the Devil's Cigarette Lighter, a 450-foot (140 m) pillar of flame that burned from 12:00 PM November 13, 1961, to 9:30 AM on April 28, 1962. In December 1968, Adair sealed a large gas leak at an Australian gas and oil platform off Victoria's southeast coast.In 1977, he and his crew (including Asger \"Boots\" Hansen and Manohar \"Man\" Dhumtara-Kejriwal) contributed to the capping of the biggest oil well blowout to have occurred in the North Sea (and at the time the largest offshore blowout worldwide, in terms of volume of crude oil spilled), at the Ekofisk Bravo platform, located in the Norwegian sector and operated by Phillips Petroleum Company (now ConocoPhillips). In 1978, Adair's top lieutenants Hansen and Ed \"Coots\" Matthews left to found competitor Boots & Coots International Well Control Inc. In 1988, Adair was again in the North Sea where he helped to put out the UK sector Piper Alpha oil platform fire. At age 75, Adair took part in extinguishing the oil well fires in Kuwait set by retreating Iraqi troops after the Gulf War in 1991.\nAdair retired in 1993, and sold The Red Adair Service and Marine Company to Global Industries. His top employees (Brian Krause, Raymond Henry, Rich Hatteberg) left in 1994 and formed their own company, International Well Control (IWC).\nAdair died in 2004 at age 89, survived by his wife, a son and a daughter.", "Q890605": "Bogle (22 August 1964 \u2013 20 January 2005), born Gerald Levy, and also known as Bogle Dancer, Mr Bogle, Father Bogle, and Mr Wacky, was a Jamaican dancehall star, dancer and choreographer. Beenie Man called Bogle \"the greatest dancer of all time\" and he is recognised as \"part of the foundation and as an icon inside of dancehall culture.\" Bogle created more dancehall moves than any other figure, he is best known for creating the Bogle dance which is named after him. His stage name, Bogle, is a reference to Paul Bogle a National Hero of Jamaica.\n\n", "Q101010": "Christian Broecking (born 5 June 1957) is a German sociologist and musicologist, music critic, columnist, writer, editor, producer and author known for his jazz criticism and his book The Marsalis-Factor.", "Q940626": "Luis Gonz\u00e1lez Bravo y L\u00f3pez de Arjona (C\u00e1diz, Spain, 8 July 1811 \u2013 Biarritz, France, 1 September 1871) was a Spanish politician, diplomat, intellectual, speaker, author, arts mentor and promoter, and journalist graduated from law school, who served twice as Prime Minister of Spain, or President of the Government of Spain (Spanish terminology for Prime Minister), from 1843 to 1844 and in 1868. He held other important offices, such as once serving as Minister of State and Foreign Affairs, and twice as Minister of Home Affairs (see: List of Ministers of the Interior of Spain). He was appointed Ambassador of Spain to the United Kingdom in Queen Victoria's rule, and Ambassador of Spain to Portugal. He was the Spanish Prime Minister responsible for granting Chile its independence. He was a member of the Moderate Party, and occupied three times the post of Spanish Congressman for C\u00e1diz, Madrid, Ja\u00e9n, M\u00e1laga and the Canary Islands. He was provisional Minister of Justice for five days. He was head of the Spanish civil troops \"Milicia Nacional\". He was Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece and Knight of the Order of Charles III (of King Charles III of Spain, Carlos III). He founded four newspapers in Spain, and was the noted Spanish poet Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer's benefactor and patron.", "Q1059718": "Masashi Sada (\u3055\u3060 \u307e\u3055\u3057, Sada Masashi, born 10 April 1952) is a Japanese singer, lyricist, composer, novelist, actor, and a film producer.\nSada formed the folk duo Grape with Masami Yoshida in 1972, and they made their debut as recording artists a year afterward. The pair rose to fame owing to the hit song \"Shourou Nagashi\" (\u7cbe\u970a\u6d41\u3057) composed by Sada, which peaked at the number-two position on the Japanese Oricon chart in 1974. They broke up in 1976, after producing some hit singles including \"En-kiri Dera\" (\u7e01\u5207\u5bfa) and \"Muen Zaka\" (\u7121\u7e01\u5742).\nSada released his first solo album entitled Kikyorai shortly after Grape's dissolution. Following the commercial success of the number-one hit single \"Amayadori\" (\u96e8\u3084\u3069\u308a, Shelter from the rain) in 1977, he enjoyed a recording career as one of the most popular Japanese male artists during the late 1970s and the first half of the 1980s.\nThroughout his career as a musician, Sada released over 35 solo albums and 70 singles, and multiple live albums or compilations. Since the release of Shourou Nagashi, published in 2001, Sada has also worked as a novelist.", "Q468523": "Ali Smith CBE FRSL (born 24 August 1962) is a Scottish author, playwright, academic and journalist. Sebastian Barry described her in 2016 as \"Scotland's Nobel laureate-in-waiting\".", "Q215963": "Andoni Zubizarreta Urreta (Basque pronunciation: [andoni s\u033bu\u03b2is\u033bareta ureta], Spanish: [an\u02c8doni \u03b8u\u03b2i\u02c8\u03b8areta u\u02c8reta]; born 23 October 1961) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a goalkeeper, and the current director of football of French club Olympique de Marseille.\nThe all-time most capped player for the Spain national team for several years, he played with individual and team success for Athletic Bilbao and Barcelona (eight years with the latter, he would later work with the club in directorial capacities), appearing in more than 950 official professional matches during his club career.Zubizarreta represented Spain in seven major international tournaments, four World Cups and three European Championships, starting in six of those.", "Q4590643": "Rolf Kristian Eckersberg Stenersen (13 February 1899 \u2013 15 October 1978) was a Norwegian businessman, non-fiction writer, essayist, novelist, playwright and biographer. He was also a track and field athlete and art collector.\n\n", "Q234775": "Maria Grazia Cucinotta (Italian pronunciation: [ma\u02c8ri\u02d0a \u02c8\u0261rattsja kut\u0283i\u02c8n\u0254tta]; born 27 July 1968) is an Italian actress who has featured in films and television series since 1990. She has also worked as a film producer, screenwriter and model. Internationally she is best known for her roles in Il Postino and as the Bond girl, credited as a Cigar Girl, in the James Bond film The World Is Not Enough.", "Q15935": "Kanye Omari West (; born June 8, 1977) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, entrepreneur and fashion designer. West is among the most critically acclaimed musicians of the 21st century, with his music having spanned a broad range of styles, incorporating an eclectic range of influences including hip hop, soul, baroque pop, electro, indie rock, synth-pop, industrial, and gospel. Outside of his music career, West's success in the fashion industry has led to him being recognized as one of the most influential pop culture figures of his generation.\nBorn in Atlanta and raised in Chicago, West was first known as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the early 2000s, producing singles for several mainstream artists. Intent on pursuing a solo career as a rapper, West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004 to critical and commercial success, and founded the record label GOOD Music. He experimented with a variety of musical genres on subsequent acclaimed studio albums, including Late Registration (2005), Graduation (2007), and the polarizing but influential 808s & Heartbreak (2008). His fifth album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (2010) became the most acclaimed album of his career and was hailed by several critics as the best album of the decade. He succeeded the album with the experimental and sonically abrasive work Yeezus (2013). He has since released The Life of Pablo (2016), Ye (2018), and Jesus Is King (2019), as well as the full-length collaborations Watch the Throne (2011) and Kids See Ghosts (2018) with Jay-Z and Kid Cudi, respectively.\nWest's outspoken views and life outside of music have received significant media attention. He has been a frequent source of controversy for his conduct at award shows, on social media, and in other public settings, as well as for his comments on the music and fashion industries, U.S. politics, and race. His Christian faith, as well as his marriage to television personality Kim Kardashian, have also been a source of substantial media attention. As a fashion designer, he has collaborated with Nike, Louis Vuitton, and A.P.C. on both clothing and footwear, and have most prominently resulted in the Yeezy collaboration with Adidas beginning in 2013. He is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA.\nWest is one of the world's best-selling music artists with over 140 million records sold worldwide. He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time. Among West's other awards include the Chicago Chapter's Recording Academy Honor, the Billboard Artist Achievement Award, a joint-record three Brit Awards for Best International Male Solo Artist and the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award. Three of his albums have been included and ranked on Rolling Stone's 2012 update of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list, and he is the tied-holder for the most albums topping the annual Pazz & Jop critic poll with four. Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005 and 2015.", "Q2749572": "Manhattan College is a private, Roman Catholic, liberal arts college in the Bronx in New York City. After originally being established in 1853 by the Brothers of the Christian Schools (De La Salle Christian Brothers) as an academy for day students, Manhattan College was officially incorporated as an institution of higher education through a charter granted by the New York State Board of Regents. In 1922, the College moved from Manhattan to the Riverdale section of the Bronx, roughly 6.4 miles (10.3 km) north of its original location on 131st Street in the Manhattanville section of Manhattan.\nManhattan College offers undergraduate programs in the arts, business, education, health, engineering, and science.\nGraduate programs are offered for education, business, and engineering.", "Q1952033": "The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) is a museum and art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1805 and is the first and oldest art museum and art school in the United States. The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training.", "Q1506941": "For the Bengali actor-cum-politician, see George Baker.\n George Morris Baker, MBE (1 April 1931 \u2013 7 October 2011) was an English actor and writer. He was best known for portraying Tiberius in I, Claudius, and Inspector Wexford in The Ruth Rendell Mysteries.", "Q24530": "Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham PC (30 November 1738 \u2013 20 July 1786) was a British statesman. He notably served as Foreign Secretary between 1782 and 1783.", "Q62565": "Ewald Friedrich Graf von Hertzberg (2 September 1725 \u2013 22 May 1795) was a Prussian statesman.\n\n", "Q714646": "William Kristol (; born December 23, 1952) is an American neoconservative political analyst. A frequent commentator on several networks, he was the founder and editor-at-large of the now-defunct political magazine The Weekly Standard.\nA former Republican, he is known for playing the leading role in the defeat of President Bill Clinton's health care plan and advocating for the U.S. invasion of Iraq. Kristol has since become a critic of President Donald Trump.Kristol has been associated with a number of conservative think tanks. He was chairman of the New Citizenship Project from 1997 to 2005. In 1997, he co-founded the Project for the New American Century (PNAC) with Robert Kagan. He is a member of the board of trustees for the free-market Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, a member of the Policy Advisory Board for the Ethics and Public Policy Center, and a director of the Foreign Policy Initiative. He is also one of the three board members of Keep America Safe, a national-security think tank co-founded by Liz Cheney and Debra Burlingame, and serves on the boards of the Emergency Committee for Israel and of the Susan B. Anthony List (as of 2010). He has featured in a web program of the Foundation for Constitutional Government, Conversations with Bill Kristol, since 2014.", "Q183007": "Elizabeth (\"Betje\") Wolff-Bekker (24 July 1738 \u2013 5 November 1804) was a Dutch novelist who, with Agatha \"Aagje\" Deken, wrote several popular epistolary novels such as Sara Burgerhart (1782) and Willem Levend (1784).", "Q431330": "Luigi Facta (16 November 1861 \u2013 5 November 1930) was an Italian politician, journalist and the last Prime Minister of Italy before the leadership of Benito Mussolini.\nFacta was born in Pinerolo, Piedmont, Italy. He studied law and later became a journalist. He entered politics in 1892 when he was elected to the chamber of deputies for Pinerolo, a seat which he held for 30 years. Facta, a member of the Liberal Party, served as undersecretary of the justice and interior departments in the coalition cabinet for much of his time in Parliament. He was also the finance minister from 1910 until 1914 and 1920 until 1921. At the outbreak of World War I, Facta supported neutrality for Italy, but then supported the war when Italy entered it. His son was killed in the war, and he said that he was proud to give a son to his country.\nFacta was appointed Prime Minister in February 1922. At the time, Italy was in political turmoil, and was dealing with Mussolini's fascist insurgency. When Mussolini decided to march on Rome, Facta reacted and wanted to declare the martial law and send the army to stop Mussolini. Such a declaration needed to bear the monarch's signature before it could take effect. Facta always refused to explain the secret reasons that brought the King, Victor Emmanuel III, not to sign the declaration of emergency. The following day Facta and his government resigned to demonstrate they did not approve the King's decision. The King then requested that Mussolini come to Rome to form a new government.\nIn 1924, King Victor Emmanuel III named Facta senator.\nFacta died in Pinerolo, Italy, in 1930 with the general population believing him to have been too feeble and faithful to the King to take a more active role in stopping Mussolini and the rise of Fascism.\n\n", "Q460619": "Carina Christensen (born 8 November 1972, in Fredericia) is a Danish politician representing the Conservative People's Party. She was the Minister of Family and Consumer Affairs in the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen II from 15 December 2006 to 23 November 2007. She replaced Lars Barfoed after he had been criticized for poor official food quality inspections. Such inspections fall under the portfolio of the Family and Consumption Ministry.\nChristensen was the Minister for Transportation from 23 November 2007 to 10 September 2008 and she has since been Culture Minister, both as a member of the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen III.", "Q320714": "Aaron Aleksandrovich Soltz (Russian: \u0410\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043d \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446; 10 March 1872 - 30 April 1945) was an Old Bolshevik and a Soviet politician and lawyer. He was informally known as the \"conscience of the Party\". While partially responsible for the Soviet repressions he was one of very few high-ranking Joseph Stalin loyalists who openly objected to the Great Purge; he died in a psychiatric clinic after years of involuntary commitment.", "Q4695783": "Ahmed Dabbah (Arabic: \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0630\u0628\u0627\u062d\u200e, Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d7\u05de\u05d3 \u05d3\u05d1\u05d0\u05d7\u200e; born 27 January 1955) is an Israeli Arab politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Kadima between 2012 and 2013, the party's first non-Druze Arab MK. He also served as mayor of Deir al-Asad and the now-dissolved city of Shaghur.", "Q179815": "Durham (, locally /\u02c8d\u025cr\u0259m/ listen) is a historic city and the county town of County Durham in North East England. The city lies on the River Wear, to the south-west of Sunderland, south of Newcastle upon Tyne and to the north of Darlington. Founded over the final resting place of St Cuthbert, its Norman cathedral became a centre of pilgrimage in medieval England. The cathedral and adjacent 11th-century castle were designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986. The castle has been the home of Durham University since 1832. HM Prison Durham is also located close to the city centre. City of Durham is the name of the civil parish.", "Q97922": "Julius Erasmus Hilgard (January 7, 1825 \u2013 May 9, 1890) was a German-American engineer.\nJulius Erasmus Hilgard was born at Zweibr\u00fccken, Rhineland-Palatinate, January 7, 1825. His father, Theodore Erasmus Hilgard, was for many years Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals, but on account of his liberal opinions was so dissatisfied with conditions in his native country that in 1835 he emigrated to America. The journey from his native place to Havre was made in wagons. After a voyage of 62 days, the family landed at New Orleans at Christmas, and journeyed up the Mississippi to St. Louis, and thence to a farm at Belleville, Illinois. As the oldest son, Julius gave valuable help by his practical talents. His education was carried on at home. Music, chemistry, ancient and modern languages and mathematics (the higher branches of the latter being studied without outside help), occupied his attention until 1843, when he went to Philadelphia to study engineering and to obtain employment. In that city he made the acquaintance of Professor Bache, and commenced a lifelong friendship with Elisha Kent Kane, the arctic explorer.\nThe first work obtained was in the preliminary surveys of the Bear Mountain Railroad. Soon, however, Professor Bache, recognizing his abilities, procured young Hilgard a position in the Coast Survey, in which service he continued, with short interruptions, until his death. In the field work, in computations and investigations in the office, in the publication of the records and results of the Survey, in his influence on political leaders, Mr. Hilgard rendered highly intelligent and valuable aid to the service. Throughout the American Civil War he served the Union army and navy by the construction of maps and charts and by surveys as well as by tidal and other information. During the failing health of Professor Bache, Hilgard, who was at that time in charge of the Coast Survey office, was obliged to perform the duties of Superintendent, which he did without extra compensation until the appointment of Benjamin Peirce to the position. Though it seems fitting that Hilgard should have become Superintendent upon the death of Bache, he did not receive the appointment until 1881. At that time his health was so impaired that, as he said, \" it came too late.\" He was soon forced to resign. While Assistant Superintendent, his work in the Office of Weights and Measures gained him most favorable notice in Europe and he was invited to the directorship of an International Bureau of Weights and Measures about to be established in Paris. Declining this, but continuing his connection with the International Committee, a beautiful S\u00e8vres vase was presented to him by President Theirs on behalf of the French Government in recognition of his services. He also had great satisfaction in being instrumental in bringing to a successful ending the operations for the telegraphic determination of transatlantic longitudes.\nIn 1872 he was one of the members of the International Metric Commission at Paris and was made a member of the permanent committee. In 1875, he was president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Among his other valuable services, Hilgard delivered in 1876 a course of twenty lectures at Johns Hopkins University on the subject of \"Extended Territorial Surveying.\"\nResigning his position in July, 1885, he lived in retirement for five years, and died at Washington, May 9, 1890.", "Q184768": "The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American epic crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from the screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino, Robert Duvall, Diane Keaton, Robert De Niro, Talia Shire, Morgana King, John Cazale, Mariana Hill, and Lee Strasberg. It is the second installment in The Godfather trilogy. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City.\nFollowing the success of the first film, Paramount Pictures began developing a follow up to the film, with much of the same cast and crew returning. Coppola, who was given more control on the film, had wanted to make both a sequel and a prequel to the film to tell the story of the rise of Vito and the fall of Michael.\nPrincipal photography began in October 1973 and wrapped up in June 1974. The Godfather Part II premiered in New York City on December 12, 1974, and was released in the United States on December 20, 1974, receiving divided reviews from critics but its reputation, however, improved rapidly and it soon became the subject of critical re-evaluation. It grossed between $48\u201388 million worldwide on a $13 million budget. The film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards at the 47th Academy Awards and became the first sequel to win for Best Picture. Its six Oscar wins also included Best Director for Coppola, Best Supporting Actor for De Niro and Best Adapted Screenplay for Coppola and Puzo. Pacino won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.\nSome have deemed it superior to The Godfather. Both Part II and its predecessor remain highly influential films, especially in the gangster genre. In 1997, the American Film Institute ranked it as the 32nd-greatest film in American film history and it retained this position 10 years later. It was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 1993, being deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". The final film in the trilogy, The Godfather Part III, was released in 1990.", "Q242185": "William Felton Russell (born February 12, 1934) is an American former professional basketball player who played center for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1956 to 1969. A five-time NBA Most Valuable Player and a twelve-time All-Star, he was the centerpiece of the Celtics dynasty that won eleven NBA championships during his 13-year career. Russell and Henri Richard of the National Hockey League are tied for the record of the most championships won by an athlete in a North American sports league. Russell led the University of San Francisco to two consecutive NCAA championships in 1955 and 1956, and he captained the gold-medal winning U.S. national basketball team at the 1956 Summer Olympics.Russell is regarded by many as one of the greatest basketball players of all time. He is 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) tall, with a 7 ft 4 in (2.24 m) wingspan. His shot-blocking and man-to-man defense were major reasons for the Celtics' domination of the NBA during his career. Russell was equally notable for his rebounding abilities. He led the NBA in rebounds four times, had a dozen consecutive seasons of 1,000 or more rebounds, and remains second all-time in both total rebounds and rebounds per game. He is one of just two NBA players (the other being prominent rival Wilt Chamberlain) to have grabbed more than 50 rebounds in a game. Russell was never the focal point of the Celtics' offense, but he did score 14,522 career points and provided effective passing.\nRussell played in the wake of black pioneers Earl Lloyd, Chuck Cooper, and Sweetwater Clifton, and he was the first black player to achieve superstar status in the NBA. He also served a three-season (1966\u201369) stint as player-coach for the Celtics, becoming the first black coach in North American professional sports and the first to win a championship. In 2011, Barack Obama awarded Russell the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his accomplishments on the court and in the Civil Rights Movement.Russell is one of seven players in history to win an NCAA Championship, an NBA Championship, and an Olympic gold medal. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame. He was selected into the NBA 25th Anniversary Team in 1971 and the NBA 35th Anniversary Team in 1980, and named as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996, one of only four players to receive all three honors. In 2007, he was enshrined in the FIBA Hall of Fame. In Russell's honor the NBA renamed the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player trophy in 2009: it is now the Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award.", "Q1077383": "Ola Salo (born Rolf Ola Anders Svensson; 19 February 1977) is the Swedish rock vocalist of the Swedish glam rock band The Ark.\nHe lived in Rottne, V\u00e4xj\u00f6 Municipality, in Sweden when he was a child, where, in 1991, he and his friends Jepson and Leari officially started the band The Ark. Salo is openly bisexual.Salo and the other members of the band had an international breakthrough in 2000 with the album We Are The Ark, containing the signature song \"It Takes a Fool to Remain Sane\" (for which Ola won a Grammis for \"Song of the Year\"), a song Salo wrote after watching the Danish film Idioterne (The Idiots).In October 2006 during a party celebrating the new Swedish embassy in Washington, D.C., The Ark was performing on stage. As a plane was flying very low overhead Salo said \"In this country, you don't know where those planes are headed. Well, this one seems to be heading in the right direction anyway...\" meaning the airport, but then suddenly adding \"...to the White House\" which happened to be in the same direction.This caused controversy as many newspapers reported that Salo had \"wished an airplane to crash into the White House\". Salo later said that it was a bad joke, \"totally unserious way of being cheeky toward the White House\" and not a political statement. The band almost ended up cancelling its entire U.S. tour.On 10 March 2007, Salo and the band The Ark won Melodifestivalen 2007 and went on to represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 with the song \"The Worrying Kind\", where, in which they came 18th with 51 points.In 2008, Salo translated Andrew Lloyd Webber's Jesus Christ Superstar into Swedish for a performance in Malm\u00f6 where he played the role of Jesus, and as a result he stated that \"2008 will be a very quiet year\" for The Ark after a hectic 2007 with the Eurovision Song Contest and the release of Prayer for the Weekend. In 2009. Salo featured on the Empire Dogs' album, Come On You Preachers. He will participate in Stj\u00e4rnornas stj\u00e4rna which will be broadcast on TV4.\nIn 2019, Salo opened his headline residency It takes a fool to remain sane in the Rondo, (Gothenburg), directed by Edward af Sill\u00e9n.\n\n", "Q118227": "Ernst Brugger (10 March 1914, Bellinzona \u2013 20 June 1998) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1969\u20131978).\nHe was elected to the Federal Council on 10 December 1969 and handed over office on 31 January 1978. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party. \nDuring his office time he headed up the Federal Department of Economic Affairs and was President of the Confederation in 1974.", "Q232462": "Angela Maria \"Ani\" DiFranco (; born 1970) is an American singer/songwriter. She has released more than 20 albums. DiFranco's music has been classified as folk rock and alternative rock, although it has additional influences from punk, funk, hip hop and jazz. She has released all her albums on her own record label, Righteous Babe, giving her significant creative freedom.\nDiFranco supports many social and political movements by performing benefit concerts, appearing on benefit albums and speaking at rallies. Through the Righteous Babe Foundation DiFranco has backed grassroots cultural and political organizations supporting causes including abortion rights and LGBT visibility. She counts American folk singer and songwriter Pete Seeger among her mentors.DiFranco released a memoir, No Walls and the Recurring Dream, on May 7, 2019, via Viking Books.", "Q117114": "Abdurresid Ibrahim (Tatar: \u0413\u0430\u0431\u0434\u0440\u04d9\u0448\u0438\u0442 \u0418\u0431\u0440\u0430\u04bb\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, Siberian Tatar. \u04d8\u043f\u0442\u0440\u04d9\u0448\u0438\u0442 \u0418\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0493\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 1857 in Tara, Tobolsk Governorate (in today's Omsk oblast) \u2013 1944) was a Russia-born Tatar Muslim Alim (singular of Ulama), journalist, and traveller who initiated a movement in the first decade of the 20th century to unite the Crimean Tatars. He visited Japan in Meiji period and became the first imam of Tokyo Camii (Tokyo Mosque).", "Q185476": "Flavius Aetius ( FLAY-vee-\u0259s ay-EE-shee-\u0259s; Latin: Flavius Aetius [\u02c8fla\u02d0w\u026a.\u028as a\u02c8et\u026a.\u028as]; 391\u2013454), dux et patricius, commonly called simply Aetius or A\u00ebtius, was a Roman general of the closing period of the Western Roman Empire. He was an able military commander and the most influential man in the Western Roman Empire for two decades (433\u2013454). He managed policy in regard to the attacks of barbarian federates settled throughout the Western Roman Empire. Notably, he mustered a large Roman and allied (foederati) army to stop the Huns in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, ending the devastating Hunnic invasion of Attila in 451, though another devastating invasion of the Huns occurred in the year after that.\nHe has often been called \"the last of the Romans\". Edward Gibbon refers to him as \"the man universally celebrated as the terror of Barbarians and the support of the Republic\" for his victory at the Catalaunian Plains.", "Q168918": "Zdena Salivarov\u00e1 (born October 21, 1933) is a Czech-born writer and translator living in Canada.She was born in Prague and studied script-writing at the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague. She came to Toronto in the year 1969 with her husband Josef \u0160kvoreck\u00fd following the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.During the 1960s, she worked as a singer and actress. In 1968, she published a collection of short stories P\u00e1nsk\u00e1 j\u00edzda.With her husband, she founded a publishing house in Toronto, 68 Publishers, which published Czech books that were banned in communist Czechoslovakia. Salivarov\u00e1 and her husband wrote Samo\u017eerbuch (1977) about the history of the publishing house.She received the Egon Hostovsk\u00fd award in 1976. With her husband, she was named to the Order of the White Lion in 1990 for their work in promoting Czech literature.", "Q329056": "Dreamgirls is a 2006 American musical drama film written and directed by Bill Condon and jointly produced and released by DreamWorks Pictures and Paramount Pictures. Adapted from the 1981 Broadway musical of the same name by composer Henry Krieger and lyricist/librettist Tom Eyen, Dreamgirls is a film \u00e0 clef, a work of fiction taking strong inspiration from the history of the Motown record label and one of its acts, The Supremes. The story follows the history and evolution of American R&B music during the 1960s and 1970s through the eyes of a Detroit, Michigan girl group known as the Dreams and their manipulative record executive.\nThe film adaptation of Dreamgirls stars Jamie Foxx, Beyonc\u00e9, Eddie Murphy, and Jennifer Hudson, and also features Danny Glover, Anika Noni Rose and Keith Robinson. Produced by Laurence Mark, the film's screenplay was adapted by director Condon from the original Broadway book by Tom Eyen. In addition to the original Kreiger/Eyen compositions, four new songs, composed by Krieger with various lyricists, were added for this film. Dreamgirls features the acting debut of Hudson, a former American Idol contestant and singer.\nThe film debuted in four special road show engagements starting on December 15, 2006, before its nationwide release on December 25, 2006. With a production cost of $80 million, Dreamgirls is one of the most expensive films to feature a mainly African-American starring cast in American cinema history. Upon its release, the film garnered positive reviews from critics, who particularly praised soundtrack, cast and the performances of Hudson and Murphy. The film also earned $155 million at the international box office. Dreamgirls also received a number of accolades, including three awards at the 64th Golden Globe Awards ceremony, including the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy, and two Oscars at the 79th Academy Awards.", "Q762908": "S\u00e9bastien Lapaque (born 2 February 1971) is a French writer.", "Q694052": "SPV GmbH (also known as Schallplatten Produktion und Vertrieb GmbH) is an independent German record label.\nFounded on 1 January 1984, it has slowly grown to be one of the largest independent distributors and record labels worldwide.It also has several sub-labels that it produces and distributes, including the labels Steamhammer (Heavy Metal, Hard rock), Long Branch Records (Alternative, Indie, Progressive Rock, Progressive Metal, Metalcore), Oblivion (Darkwave, Gothic), SPV Recordings (Pop, Rock) and Cash Machine Records (Hip Hop).", "Q45864": "John David McAfee ( MAK-\u0259-fee; born September 18, 1945) is a British-American computer programmer and businessman. He founded the software company McAfee Associates in 1987 and ran it until 1994, when he resigned from the company. McAfee Associates achieved early success as the creators of McAfee, the first commercial antivirus software, and the business now produces a range of enterprise security software. The company was purchased by Intel in 2011 and spun back out in 2017 with TPG Capital owning a majority stake, though the software has always borne the McAfee brand name. McAfee's wealth peaked in 2007 at $100 million, before his investments plummeted in the financial crisis of 2007\u20132008.\nSince leaving McAfee Associates, he has founded the companies Tribal Voice (makers of the PowWow chat program), QuorumEx and Future Tense Central, among others, and has been involved in leadership positions in the companies Everykey, MGT Capital Investments and Luxcore, among others. His personal and business interests include smartphone apps, cryptocurrency, yoga, and all-natural antibiotics. He resided for a number of years in Belize, but returned to the United States in 2013.\nMcAfee is also a political activist, who sought the 2016 Libertarian Party nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 election, losing to former New Mexico governor Gary Johnson.", "Q859363": "The Paris Institute of Political Studies (French: Institut d'\u00e9tudes politiques de Paris, IPA: [\u025b\u0303stity detyd p\u0254litik d\u0259 pa\u0281i]), commonly referred to as Sciences Po Paris or just Sciences Po (IPA: [sj\u0251\u0303s po]), is a higher education institution located in France, and member of the Conf\u00e9rence des Grandes \u00e9coles. Sciences Po is commonly ranked as one of the best universities for political science and international studies in the world.It was founded in 1872 to promote a new class of French politicians in the aftermath of the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. The school's alumni include many prominent figures of the French and international political elite. Seven recent French presidents, 13 French prime ministers, 12 foreign heads of state or government, and six of the CEOs of France's largest companies have studied at Sciences Po.Sciences Po undertook a substantial reform agenda starting in the mid-1990s, which broadened its focus to prepare students for the private sector, put an emphasis on the internationalization of the school's curriculum and student body, and established a special admission process for underprivileged applicants. Sciences Po also expanded outside Paris by establishing additional campuses in Dijon, Le Havre, Menton, Nancy, Poitiers, and Reims. The Sciences Po curriculum now incorporates core courses in various branches of the social sciences, such as law, economics, history, political science, and sociology. The institution is a member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs and the Global Public Policy Network.\nIn the 2020 World University Rankings, Sciences Po was ranked 2nd worldwide for politics and international studies (behind only Harvard University and tied with Princeton University).", "Q344286": "f(x) (; Korean: \uc5d0\ud504\uc5d1\uc2a4) was a South Korean multinational girl group formed by SM Entertainment. The group's final lineup was composed of four members: Victoria, Amber, Luna, and Krystal. Originally a five-piece group, Sulli officially left the group in August 2015.f(x) officially debuted in September 2009 with the release of the digital single \"La Cha Ta\". Their debut studio album, Pinocchio (2011), and their two extended plays Nu Abo and Electric Shock produced three number one singles on South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart. Their acclaimed second studio album, Pink Tape (2013), was the only K-pop album on US music channel Fuse's \"41 Best Albums of 2013\" and was named \"Greatest K-pop Album of the 2010s\" by Billboard. The group's third and fourth albums, Red Light (2014) and 4 Walls (2015), were commercially successful and well-received by music critics. After releasing the SM Station single \"All Mine\" in 2016, the group halted group promotions and the members have embarked on individual music, acting, and modelling careers. In August 2019, f(x) officially reunited as a three-piece (without Victoria) and performed at the three-night SM Town Live 2019 in Tokyo concert.\nKnown for their experimental style and eclectic, electropop-based sound, f(x) is one of the first few recognized K-pop groups internationally, becoming the first K-pop act to perform at SXSW. In 2017, Billboard ranked f(x) at number seven on their \"Top 10 K-pop Girl Groups of the Past Decade\" list.", "Q39561": "Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of Southern California, United States, 12 miles (19 km) northwest of downtown Los Angeles, in the southeastern end of the San Fernando Valley. The population at the 2010 census was 103,340.Billed as the \"Media Capital of the World\" and only a few miles northeast of Hollywood, numerous media and entertainment companies are headquartered or have significant production facilities in Burbank, including Warner Bros. Entertainment, The Walt Disney Company, Nickelodeon Animation Studios, The Burbank Studios, Cartoon Network Studios with the West Coast branch of Cartoon Network, and Insomniac Games. The Hollywood Burbank Airport was the location of Lockheed's Skunk Works, which produced some of the most secret and technologically advanced airplanes, including the U-2 spy planes that uncovered the Soviet Union missile components in Cuba in October 1962.\nBurbank consists of two distinct areas: a downtown/foothill section, in the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains, and the flatland section. The city was referred to as \"Beautiful Downtown Burbank\" on Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. The city was named after David Burbank, a New Hampshire\u2013born dentist and entrepreneur who established a sheep ranch there in 1867.", "Q1319384": "Vadim Viktorovich Bakatin (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d; born 6 November 1937) is a former Soviet politician who served as the last chairman of the KGB in 1991. He is the last surviving former chairman of this organization. He was appointed to dismantle the KGB, but he was unable to control this organization and to fulfill the task due to political reasons. He was able to fulfill plan of KGB disintegration into separate organizations. He ran for the Russian presidency as an independent candidate in June 1991.\n\n", "Q115703": "Jules T. Anatole Mallet (23 May 1837 \u2013 10 October 1919) was a Swiss mechanical engineer, who was the inventor of the first successful compound system for a railway steam locomotive, patented in 1874.\n\nHe is known for having invented three important forms of compound locomotive.\n\nIn 1876 he introduced a series of small two-cylinder compound 0-4-2T tank locomotives for the Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz Railway in France.\n\nHe subsequently designed an articulated compound system with a rigid chassis at the rear carrying two high-pressure cylinders, and two low-pressure ones mounted on a swivelling front truck. This was patented in 1884 with full rights granted in 1885. This was first used for a series of 600 mm (1 ft 11 5\u20448 in) narrow gauge locomotives specially built by the Decauville Company in 1888 for the Paris Exposition of 1889. This arrangement became known as the Mallet locomotive. The final developments of these in the USA were some of the largest steam locomotives ever built.\n\nA third compound locomotive, less well-known, was a tandem compound developed in 1890 for SACM as a collaboration with Alfred de Glehn and the Russian A. Borodine. The high and low pressure cylinders were mounted on a common axis, with the high pressure ahead. Unlike the US tandem compounds, the high and low pressure cylinders were cross-connected between sides, which also required them to be receiver compounds with an intermediate reservoir as a pair of curved pipes passing through the smokebox. Large numbers of these, mostly a 2-8-0 derivative, were built for Russian and Hungarian railways making them the most-produced type of tandem compound locomotive. Z. Kordina's design for Hungarian State Railways was a similar 4-4-0, although outside-framed and with the low-pressure cylinders ahead of the high pressure.He was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal of The Franklin Institute in 1908.", "Q3157158": "Jack Dangermond (born 1945) is an American billionaire businessman and environmental scientist. In 1969, he co-founded with his wife Laura the Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri), a privately held geographic information systems (GIS) software company.\nDangermond is the company's president and works at its headquarters in Redlands, California. Dangermond founded Esri to perform land use analysis; however, its focus evolved into GIS software development, highlighted by the release of ARC/INFO in the early 1980s; the development and marketing of ARC/INFO positioned Esri with the dominant market share among GIS software developers. Today, Esri is the largest GIS software developer in the world and its flagship product, ArcGIS, traces its heritage to Dangermond's initial efforts in developing ARC/INFO.", "Q220066": "Dodie Stevens (born Geraldine Ann Pasquale, February 17, 1946) is an American rock and pop singer. She is best known for her 1959 song \"Pink Shoe Laces.\" It debuted at #96 on the Billboard Hot 100 when Stevens was one day short of 13 years old, and eventually peaked at #3.", "Q432639": "David Karp (born July 6, 1986) is an American web developer and entrepreneur. He is the founder and former CEO of the short-form blogging platform Tumblr.Karp began his career, without having received a high school diploma, as an intern under Fred Seibert at the animation company Frederator Studios, where he built the studio's first blogging platform and conceived, wrote, and edited their first internet video network, Channel Frederator. Karp went on to work for online parenting forum UrbanBaby until it was sold to CNET in 2006. Karp then started his own software consulting company, Davidville, where he worked with computer engineer Marco Arment on projects for clients. During a gap between contracts in 2006, the two began work on a microblogging website, which was launched as Tumblr in February 2007. As of November 1, 2017, Tumblr hosts over 375.4 million blogs. In August 2009, Karp was named Best Young Tech Entrepreneur 2009 by BusinessWeek and in 2010, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.On May 20, 2013, it was announced that Yahoo! and Tumblr had reached an agreement for Yahoo! to acquire Tumblr for $1.1 billion. Karp remained CEO of the company. Karp announced in November 2017 that he would be leaving Tumblr by the end of the year.", "Q261990": "Lydia Lunch (born Lydia Anne Koch, June 2, 1959) is an American singer, poet, writer, actress and self-empowerment speaker. Her career was spawned by the New York City no wave scene.Her work typically features provocative and confrontational noise music delivery, and has maintained an anti-commercial ethic, operating independently of major labels and distributors. The Boston Phoenix named Lunch one of the ten most influential performers of the 1990s. Her collaboration with Sonic Youth called \"Death Valley '69\" was named one of \"The 50 Most Evil Songs Ever\" by Kerrang!", "Q181604": "Tsugumi (Japanese: \u3064\u3050\u307f, Hepburn: Tsugumi), born Otake Tsuzumi (\u5927\u7af9 \u90fd\u3005\u7f8e, Otake Tsuzumi) on 21 February 1976, is a Japanese award-winning actress, model and adult video performer.", "Q29766": "Jean Venturini (17 September 1919 \u2013 17 June 1940) was a French poet and sailor. He died at the age of 20 during the Second World War when his submarine was lost in the Mediterranean Sea.", "Q236610": "Daria Kinzer (born 29 May 1988) is a Croatian-Austrian singer who represented Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Germany. Kinzer won the national selection on 5 March with her entry \"Celebrate\", and took part in the first semifinal night of the Contest finishing at 15th place. She has also recorded a German version of the \"Celebrate\" song, entitled \"Diese Nacht\". (English lyrics for \"Diese Nacht\" by Daria Kinzer)\nKinzer was born in to a Croatian mother and German father, but she also speaks Croatian. She studies in Vienna.\n\n", "Q240786": "Robert Charles Wilson (born December 15, 1953) is an American-Canadian science fiction author.", "Q70613": "Ernst Torgler (25 April 1893 \u2013 19 January 1963) was the last chairman of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) faction in the German Reichstag before he worked for the Nazis.", "Q344292": "\u0130stanbul High School, (Turkish: \u0130stanbul Lisesi, German: Istanbuler Gymnasium) also commonly known as \u0130stanbul Erkek Lisesi, abbreviated \u0130EL, is one of the oldest and internationally renowned high schools of Turkey. The school is considered elite among Turkish public high schools. Germany recognizes the school as a Deutsche Auslandsschule (German International school).\n\u0130stanbul Lisesi is located in Ca\u011falo\u011flu, \u0130stanbul. The school has changed several buildings throughout its history. Since 1933 the school has used its current building. The building was designed by architects Alexander Vallaury and Raimondo D'Aronco and inaugurated in 1882 as the D\u00fcyun-u Umumiye (Council of Ottoman Revenues and Debts Administration) Building, which overlooks the entrance to the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn. A new building adjacent to the main historical building was inaugurated in 1984, providing new boarding and sports facilities. The primary languages of instruction are Turkish and German. The secondary foreign language of instruction is English.", "Q710434": "Arthur Lloyd Thomas (August 22, 1851 \u2013 September 15, 1924) was Governor of Utah Territory from 1889 to 1893. Born in Chicago, Illinois, Thomas grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Thomas was a staffer for US Representative James S. Negley of Pennsylvania; he came to Utah in 1879, upon his appointment as secretary of Utah Territory by US President Hayes. His nomination for that position was confirmed by the US Senate in April of that year.Thomas ran unsuccessfully in the 1895 election of Utah's first governor, held immediately ahead of the territory achieving statehood in 1896. He was appointed postmaster of Salt Lake City by US President McKinley in 1898, a position he held until 1914.", "Q241498": "Alice Geraldine Farrar (February 28, 1882 \u2013 March 11, 1967) was an American soprano opera singer and film actress, noted for her beauty, acting ability, and \"the intimate timbre of her voice.\" She had a large following among young women, who were nicknamed \"Gerry-flappers\".", "Q261748": "Summer Yasmine Bishil (born July 17, 1988) is an American actress. She first came to prominence for her roles as Jasira in the 2007 film Towelhead and as Taslima in the 2009 film Crossing Over. She is also known for her role as Margo Hanson on the Syfy fantasy drama series The Magicians.", "Q1420038": "Queen's University at Kingston (commonly shortened to Queen's University or Queen's) is a public research university in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Founded on 16 October 1841, via a royal charter issued by Queen Victoria, the university predates Canada's founding by 26 years. Queen's holds more than 1,400 hectares (3,500 acres) of land throughout Ontario and owns Herstmonceux Castle in East Sussex, England. Queen's is organized into ten undergraduate, graduate, and professional faculties and schools.The Church of Scotland established Queen's College in 1841 with a royal charter from Queen Victoria. The first classes, intended to prepare students for the ministry, were held 7 March 1842 with 13 students and two professors. In 1869, Queen's was the first university west of the maritime provinces to admit women. In 1883, a women's college for medical education affiliated with Queen's University was established after male staff and students reacted with hostility to the admission of women to the university's medical classes. In 1912, Queen's ended its affiliation with the Presbyterian Church, and adopted its present name.Queen's is a co-educational university with more than 23,000 students and over 131,000 alumni living worldwide. Notable alumni include government officials, academics, business leaders and 57 Rhodes Scholars.", "Q3350857": "Olivier Bouygues (born 14 September 1950) is deputy CEO of the French company Bouygues, and CEO of the family holding company SCDM.", "Q1606735": "Henry Fiol (born January 16, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter, bandleader and painter. He is known for his traditional approach to son cubano and other Cuban music styles, and he is considered a \"cult favorite\" among Latin music fans.Fiol was born on January 16, 1947, in New York City to an Italian-American mother and a Puerto Rican father. He studied fine arts at Hunter College and became a teacher before starting his career as a musician in the 1969. In 1974, he formed his own conjunto, called Saoco, recording two albums with the group Siempre ser\u00e9 guajiro for Mericana Records and Macho mumba for Salsoul Records. He was the bandleader, singer, songwriter and cover artist in both albums, before being replaced by William Mill\u00e1n in Saoco's next and last two albuns. In 1980, he made his solo debut on SAR Records. He recorded two more albums for the label before forming his own record company, Coraz\u00f3n, along with a new band of the same name. He continued to release albums over the following decades. His latest album, Ciudadano del mundo, was released in 2012.\nHis son, Orlando Fiol, is a pianist and conga drummer.", "Q266027": "BASEketball is a 1998 American sports comedy film co-written and directed by David Zucker and starring South Park creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone, along with Yasmine Bleeth, Jenny McCarthy, Robert Vaughn, Ernest Borgnine, and Dian Bachar. \nThe film follows the history of the sport of the same name (created by Zucker years earlier), from its invention by the lead characters as a game they could win against more athletic types, to its development as a nationwide league sport and a target of corporate sponsorship.\nThis is the only work involving Parker and Stone that was neither written, directed, nor produced by them, although Zucker himself has stated that Parker and Stone contributed innumerable suggestions for the film, most of which were used.", "Q1045443": "Carson Jay Robison ((1890-08-04)August 4, 1890 - (1957-03-24)March 24, 1957) was an American country music singer and songwriter. Although his impact is generally forgotten today, he played a major role in promoting country music in its early years through numerous recordings and radio appearances. He was also known as Charles Robison and sometimes composed under the pseudonym Carlos B. McAfee.", "Q573665": "Anthony Moore (also known as Anthony More) (born 13 August 1948) is a British experimental music composer, performer and producer. He was a founding member of the band Slapp Happy, worked with Henry Cow and has made a number of solo albums, including Flying Doesn't Help (1979) and World Service (1981). \nAs a lyricist, Moore has collaborated with Pink Floyd on two of their albums: A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987) and The Division Bell (1994), and contributed music to the instrumental \"Calling\" from The Endless River (2014). He contributed lyrics to Richard Wright's Broken China (1996), worked with Kevin Ayers on various projects and also contributed lyrics to Trevor Rabin's Can't Look Away (1989) and Julian Lennon's Help Yourself (1991).", "Q62217": "Landgravine Magdalena Sibylla of Hesse-Darmstadt (28 April 1652 \u2013 11 August 1712) was regent of the Duchy of W\u00fcrttemberg from 1677 to 1693, and was a prominent German composer of baroque hymns.\n\n", "Q659020": "Alojz Knafelc (23 June 1859 \u2013 26 April 1937) was a Slovene cartographer, mountaineer and the inventor of the Slovene trail blaze.", "Q2093233": "Alligator Records is an American, Chicago-based independent blues record label founded by Bruce Iglauer in 1971. Iglauer was also one of the founders of the Living Blues magazine in Chicago in 1970.", "Q14381": "Lake Lucerne (German: Vierwaldst\u00e4ttersee, literally \"Lake of the four forested settlements\" (in English usually translated as forest cantons), French: lac des Quatre-Cantons, Italian: lago dei Quattro Cantoni) is a lake in central Switzerland and the fourth largest in the country.\nThe lake has a complicated shape, with several sharp bends and four arms. It starts in the south\u2013north bound Reuss Valley between steep cliffs above the Urnersee from Fl\u00fcelen towards Brunnen to the north before it makes a sharp bend to the west where it continues into the Gersauer Becken. Here is also the deepest point of the lake with 214 m (702 ft). Even more west of it is the Buochser Bucht, but the lake sharply turns north again through the narrow opening between the Unter Nas (lower nose) of the B\u00fcrgenstock to the west and the Ober Nas (upper nose) of the Rigi to the east to reach the Vitznauer Bucht. In front of Vitznau below the Rigi the lake turns sharply west again to reach the center of a four-arm cross, called the Chr\u00fctztrichter (Cross Funnel). Here converge the Vitznauer Bucht with the K\u00fcssnachtersee from the north, the Luzernersee from the west, and the Horwer Bucht and the Stanser Trichter to the south, which is to be found right below the northeast side of the Pilatus and the west side of the B\u00fcrgenstock. At the very narrow pass between the east dropper of the Pilatus (called Lopper) and Stansstad the lake reaches its southwestern arm at Alpnachstad on the steep southern foothills of the Pilatus, the Alpnachersee. The lake drains its water into the Reuss in Lucerne from its arm called Luzernersee (which literally translates as Lake of Lucerne).\nThe entire lake has a total area of 114 km\u00b2 (44 sq mi) at an elevation of 434 m (1,424 ft) a.s.l., and a maximum depth of 214 m (702 ft). Its volume is 11.8 km\u00b3. Much of the shoreline rises steeply into mountains up to 1,500 m above the lake, resulting in many picturesque views including those of the mountains Rigi and Pilatus.\nThe Reuss enters the lake at Fl\u00fcelen, in the part called Urnersee (Lake of Uri, in the canton of Uri) and exits at Lucerne. The lake also receives the Muota at Brunnen, the Engelberger Aa at Buochs, and the Sarner Aa at Alpnachstad.\nIt is possible to circumnavigate the lake by train and road, though the railway route circumvents the lake even on the north side of the Rigi via Arth-Goldau. Since 1980, the A2 motorway leads through the Seelisberg Tunnel in order to reach the route to the Gotthard Pass in just half an hour in Altdorf, Uri right south of the beginning of the lake in Fl\u00fcelen.\nSteamers and other passenger boats ply between the different villages and towns on the lake. It is a popular tourist destination, both for native Swiss and foreigners, and there are many hotels and resorts along the shores. In addition, the meadow of the R\u00fctli, traditional site of the founding of the Swiss Confederation, is on the Urnersee shore. A 35 km commemorative walkway, the Swiss Path, was built around the Lake of Uri to celebrate the country's 700th anniversary in 1991.", "Q179801": "Atiq Rahimi (Persian: \u0639\u062a\u06cc\u0642 \u0631\u062d\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200e) (born 26 February 1962 in Kabul) is a French-Afghan writer and filmmaker.\n\n", "Q12928": "H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Geoffroy (born 4 March 1970) is a French politician who was elected to the French National Assembly on 17 June 2012 representing the department of Rh\u00f4ne.\n\n", "Q118233": "Sergey Anatolyevich Kuryokhin (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0451\u0445\u0438\u043d, also transliterated as Sergei Kuriokhin, Sergei Kurekhin, Sergue\u00ef Kouriokhine, Sergey Kuriokhin, etc.; nicknamed \"The Captain\"; 16 June 1954 \u2013 9 July 1996) was a Russian composer, pianist, music director, experimental artist, film actor and writer, based in St. Petersburg, Russia.", "Q693729": "Athanasios Klaras (Greek: \u0391\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2; August 27, 1905 \u2013 June 16, 1945), better known by the nom de guerre Aris Velouchiotis (Greek: \u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2), was the most prominent leader and chief instigator of the Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS), the military branch of the National Liberation Front (EAM), which was the major resistance organization in occupied Greece from 1942 to 1945.", "Q3231517": "Tales of the City (formally Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City) is a 1993 television miniseries based on the first of the Tales of the City series of novels by Armistead Maupin.\nTo date, the first three books have been adapted into television miniseries; the first, Tales of the City, was produced by the UK's Channel 4 and was first screened in the UK in 1993, then shown on PBS in the US in January 1994. Channel 4 eventually teamed up with the American cable network Showtime to produce the sequel, More Tales of the City, which premiered in the US and UK in 1998. The third installment of the series, Further Tales of the City, was produced by Showtime (without Channel 4) and was originally aired in the US on Showtime in May 2001.\nA fourth installment, Armistead Maupin's Tales of the City, premiered on Netflix on June 7, 2019, with Laura Linney, Olympia Dukakis and Paul Gross reprising their roles.", "Q336162": "Margaret Ann Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington, (n\u00e9e Callaghan; born 18 November 1939), is a British politician for the Labour Party and former BBC television producer and presenter.", "Q2302586": "Aix-Marseille University (AMU; French: Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9; formally incorporated as Universit\u00e9 d'Aix-Marseille) is a public research university located in the region of Provence, southern France. It was founded in 1409 when Louis II of Anjou, Count of Provence, petitioned the Pisan Antipope Alexander V to establish the University of Provence. The university as it is today was formed by the merger of the University of Provence, the University of the Mediterranean and Paul C\u00e9zanne University. The merger became effective on 1 January 2012, resulting in the creation of the largest university in the French-speaking world, with about 80,000 students. AMU has the largest budget of any academic institution in the Francophone world, standing at \u20ac750 million.The university is organized around five main campuses situated in Aix-en-Provence and Marseille. Apart from its major campuses, AMU owns and operates facilities in Arles, Aubagne, Avignon, Digne-les-Bains, Gap, La Ciotat, Lambesc and Salon-de-Provence. The university is headquartered at the Pharo, Marseille.AMU has produced many notable alumni in the fields of law, politics, business, science, academia, and arts. To date, there have been four Nobel Prize laureates amongst its alumni and faculty, as well as a two-time recipient of the Pulitzer Prize, four C\u00e9sar Award winners, multiple heads of state or government, parliamentary speakers, government ministers, ambassadors and members of the constituent academies of the Institut de France.\nAMU has hundreds of research and teaching partnerships, including close collaboration with the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). AMU is a member of numerous academic organisations including the European University Association (EUA) and the Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED).", "Q461513": "B\u0119dzin [\u02c8b\u025bnd\u0361\u0291in] (listen) (also Bendzin; German: Bendzin, Yiddish: \u05d1\u05e2\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05df\u200e Bendin) is a city in Zag\u0142\u0119bie D\u0105browskie, southern Poland. It lies in the Silesian Highlands, on the Czarna Przemsza river (a tributary of the Vistula). Even though part of Silesian Voivodeship, B\u0119dzin belongs to historic Lesser Poland, and it is one of the oldest towns of this province. B\u0119dzin is regarded as the capital of Zag\u0142\u0119bie D\u0105browskie.\nIt has been situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999. Before 1999, it was located in Katowice Voivodeship (1975\u20131999). B\u0119dzin is one of the cities of the 2.7 million person conurbation - Katowice urban area and within a greater Silesian metropolitan area populated by about 5,294,000 people. The population of the city itself is 58,639 (2008).B\u0119dzin is located 12 km (7 mi) from Katowice and 4 km (2 mi) from the center of Sosnowiec. Together with Sosnowiec, D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza, Czelad\u017a, Wojkowice, S\u0142awk\u00f3w and Siewierz it makes Zag\u0142\u0119bie D\u0105browskie, a highly industrialized and densely populated part of western Lesser Poland. B\u0119dzin borders the cities of Sosnowiec, D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza, Czelad\u017a, Siemianowice \u015al\u0105skie, and Wojkowice, as well as the village of Psary. The highest point of the town is St. Dorthy Mountain 382 metres (1,253 feet) above sea level, and the area of B\u0119dzin is 37.08 square kilometres (14.32 square miles).", "Q1867": "Taipei (), officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of Taiwan (officially the Republic of China, \"ROC\"). Located in northern Taiwan, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about 25 km (16 mi) southwest of the northern port city of Keelung. Most of the city lies on the Taipei Basin, an ancient lakebed. The basin is bounded by the relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung and Xindian rivers, which join to form the Tamsui River along the city's western border.The city proper is home to an estimated population of 2,646,204 (2019), it's the biggest population density of Taiwan, and the forth biggest population of Taiwan.forming the core part of the Taipei\u2013Keelung metropolitan area, which includes the nearby cities of New Taipei and Keelung with a population of 7,047,559, the 40th most-populous urban area in the world\u2014roughly one-third of Taiwanese citizens live in the metro district. The name \"Taipei\" can refer either to the whole metropolitan area or the city proper.\nTaipei is the political, economic, educational, and cultural center of Taiwan and one of the major hubs in East Asia. Considered to be a global city and rated as an Alpha City by GaWC, Taipei is part of a major high-tech industrial area. Railways, highways, airports, and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island. The city is served by two airports \u2013 Songshan and Taoyuan. Taipei is home to various world-famous architectural or cultural landmarks, which include Taipei 101, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Dalongdong Baoan Temple, Hsing Tian Kong, Lungshan Temple of Manka, National Palace Museum, Presidential Office Building, Taipei Guest House, Ximending, and several night markets dispersed throughout the city. Natural features such as Maokong, Yangmingshan, and hot springs are also well known to international visitors.\nIn English-language news reports the name Taipei often serves as a synecdoche referring to central government of Taiwan. Due to the ambiguous political status of Taiwan internationally, the term Chinese Taipei is also frequently pressed into service as a synonym for the entire country, as when Taiwan's governmental representatives participate in international organizations or Taiwan's athletes participate in international sporting events.", "Q119893": "Charles-Benjamin de Langes de Montmirail, baron de Lubi\u00e8res, 1714, Berlin \u2013 1 June 1790, was a Genevan mathematician.Charles-de Lubi\u00e8res Benjamin was the son of Fran\u00e7ois de Lange de Montmirail de Lubi\u00e8res (1664\u20131720) and Marie Calandrini (1677\u20131762) from Geneva. In 1703, the father left the Principality of Orange. He first fled to Geneva then to Berlin.\nIn 1732, he became a citizen of Geneva, and later gouverneur de Neuch\u00e2tel and in 1752, a member of the Council of Two Hundred (Republic of Geneva). 22 October 1764, he married Gen\u00e8ve Olympe Camp (1709-1785) in Geneva.\nLubi\u00e8res is the author of \u00c9loge du math\u00e9maticien Gabriel Cramer, Relation de voyage en Italie, extracts from Essai analytique sur les facult\u00e9s de l'\u00e2me, by Charles Bonnet and Consid\u00e9rations sur les corps organis\u00e9s.\nLubi\u00e8res was a member of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Gens de Lettres de Gen\u00e8ve together with the mathematician and philosopher Gabriel Cramer, Jean-Louis Calandrini (1703-1758) and the attorney general Jean-Robert Tronchin (1710-1793).\nHe wrote the articles Probabilit\u00e9, Id\u00e9e, Induction for the Encyclop\u00e9die by Diderot.", "Q350581": "Colby O'Donis Col\u00f3n (born March 14, 1989; ) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He is perhaps best known as the featured artist in the Lady Gaga single \"Just Dance\", which spent more than eleven months on the Billboard Hot 100. He is also well known for his lead single on his debut album Colby O titled \"What You Got\" featuring Akon, which peaked at number 14 on the Hot 100, and being featured on Akon's song \"Beautiful\", which peaked at number 19 on the Hot 100.", "Q321378": "Donald Robert Perry Marquis ( MAR-kwis; July 29, 1878 \u2013 December 29, 1937) was a humorist, journalist, and author. He was variously a novelist, poet, newspaper columnist, and playwright. He is remembered best for creating the characters Archy and Mehitabel, supposed authors of humorous verse. During his lifetime he was equally famous for creating another fictitious character, \"the Old Soak,\" who was the subject of two books, a hit Broadway play (1922\u201323), a silent movie (1926) and a talkie (1937).", "Q2579409": "The Alignment (Hebrew: \u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05da, translit. HaMa'arakh) is the name of two political alliances in Israel, both of which ended their existence by merging into the Israeli Labor Party.\nThe first Alignment was a 1965 alliance of Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda. The two parties continued to exist independently, but submitted joint electoral lists. Often called the Labor Alignment, the alliance lasted three years until a merger with Rafi in 1968 created the unitary Israeli Labor Party.\nThe following year the Labor Party formed an alliance with Mapam, readopting the Alignment name. The two constituent parties remained separate, but with combined electoral campaigns and candidate lists. The second version of the Alignment lasted for more than two decades.\nAt its formation in 1969, the second Alignment had 63 of 120 Knesset seats, the only time a parliamentary group in Israel has ever held a parliamentary majority. Although its majority was lost in the 1969 election, the 56 seats won by the Alignment remains the highest seat total won in an Israeli election.", "Q982567": "Joseph Samuel Girardi, better known as Joe Girard, (November 1, 1928 - February 28, 2019) was an American salesman. Girard sold 13,001 cars at a Chevrolet dealership between 1963 and 1978, and was recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the seller of the most cars in a year (1,425 in 1973). Girard later became a successful motivational speaker, and gave regular presentations for corporate clients including General Motors, Hewlett-Packard, and Kmart. He resided in Grosse Pointe Shores, Michigan.", "Q35429": "Akiho Yoshizawa (Japanese: \u5409\u6ca2\u660e\u6b69, Hepburn: Yoshizawa Akiho), often known simply as Acky (\u3042\u3063\u304d\u30fc), is a Japanese former adult video actress (AV), who also apperared in pink film, mainstream film and television as well. With a career spanning over more than 15 years, Yoshizawa was widely renowned as one of the most famous and recognizable faces in Japanese adult entertainment, with an appeal that managed to cross over into mainstream entertainment as well.\nShe started her AV career in 2003 with the companies Alice Japan and Max-A, and in 2007 she transitioned to studios Maxing and S1 No. 1 Style appearing alongside with other famous AV actresses like Yuma Asami, Mihiro, Sola Aoi or Megu Fujiura. She was also a member of the idol group Ebisu Muscats between 2008 and 2013. Yoshizawa announced her retirement from AV in late 2018, and her final adult films were released in March 2019.", "Q370651": "Andreas Faber-Kaiser (5 April 1944 in Barcelona \u2013 14 March 1994 in Barcelona) was a Spanish writer of German descent. He was editor of the UFO and occult magazine Mundo Desconocido.", "Q669685": "Marie Joseph Robert Anatole, Comte de Montesquiou-F\u00e9zensac (7 March 1855, Paris \u2013 11 December 1921, Menton), was a French aesthete, Symbolist poet, art collector and dandy. He is reputed to have been the inspiration both for Jean des Esseintes in Joris-Karl Huysmans' \u00c0 rebours (1884) and, most famously, for the Baron de Charlus in Marcel Proust's \u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu (1913\u20131927). He also won a bronze medal in the hacks and hunter combined event at the 1900 Summer Olympics.", "Q72762": "(Ludwig Friedrich) Leopold von Gerlach (17 September 1790 \u2013 10 January 1861) was a Prussian army general, adjutant to Frederick William IV of Prussia and a Protestant conservative associate of Otto von Bismarck.", "Q109458": "Johann Kolross (also Johannes Kolrose, Latinized Rhodonthracius, c. 1487 \u2013 c. 1560) was a poet, philologist and educator of the German Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation. He studied in Freiburg, and worked as rector of the boys' school in Basel from 1529. He published his Enchiridion, a textbook on orthography, in 1530.\nHe was known for his popular theatre plays. His Spil von F\u00fcnfferley betrachtnussen was performed in Basel in 1530.\nHe also wrote a number of hymns for the Protestant church service, including an adaptation of Psalm 127 (Wo Gott zum Haus nicht gibt sein Gunst ).", "Q157242": "Alexander Robertus Todd, Baron Todd (2 October 1907 \u2013 10 January 1997) was a Scottish biochemist whose research on the structure and synthesis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleotide coenzymes gained him the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.\n\n", "Q9585": "Shia Islam or Shi'ism is one of the two main branches of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor and the Imam (leader) after him, most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm, but was prevented from the caliphate as a result of the incident of Saqifah. This view primarily contrasts with that of Sunni Islam, whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor and consider Abu Bakr, who was appointed caliph by a group of Muslims at Saqifah, to be the first rightful caliph after Muhammad.Shia Islam is based on Muhammad's hadith (Ghadir Khumm). Shia consider Ali to have been divinely appointed as the successor to Muhammad, and as the first Imam. The Shia also extend this Imammah to Muhammad's family, the Ahl al-Bayt (\"the people/family of the House\"), and some individuals among his descendants, known as Imams, who they believe possess special spiritual and political authority over the community, infallibility and other divinely ordained traits. Although there are many Shia subsects, modern Shia Islam has been divided into two main groupings: Twelvers and Ismailis, with Twelver Shia being the largest and most influential group among Shia.Shia Islam is the second largest branch of Islam: as of the late 2000s, Shia Muslims constituted 10\u201315% of all Muslims. Twelver Shia is the largest branch of Shia Islam, with 2012 estimates saying that 85% of Shias were Twelvers.", "Q220714": "\u00c1gnes Hankiss (orig. \u00c1gnes Erd\u0151s born 7 March 1950 in Budapest)\nis a Hungarian politician and elected\nMember of the European Parliament (MEP) with Fidesz,\na member of the European People's Party.", "Q10681": "Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou on 6 January 1944) is a Breton and Celtic musician and singer, recording artist, and master of the Celtic harp. From the early 1970s, he revived global interest in the Celtic (specifically Breton) harp and Celtic music as part of world music. As a bagpiper and bombard player, he modernized traditional Breton music and singing in the Breton language. He was the precursor of Celtic rock. He is inspired by the union of the Celtic cultures and is a staunch defender of the Breton culture.", "Q61078": "Walter Bendix Sch\u00f6nflies Benjamin (; German: [\u02c8valt\u0250 \u02c8b\u025bnjami\u02d0n]; 15 July 1892 \u2013 26 September 1940) was a German Jewish philosopher, cultural critic and essayist. An eclectic thinker, combining elements of German idealism, Romanticism, Western Marxism, and Jewish mysticism, Benjamin made enduring and influential contributions to aesthetic theory, literary criticism, and historical materialism. He was associated with the Frankfurt School, and also maintained formative friendships with thinkers such as playwright Bertolt Brecht and Kabbalah scholar Gershom Scholem. He was also related to German political theorist and philosopher Hannah Arendt through her first marriage to Benjamin's cousin, G\u00fcnther Anders.\nAmong Benjamin's best known works are the essays \"The Task of the Translator\" (1923), \"The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction\" (1936), and \"Theses on the Philosophy of History\" (1940). His major work as a literary critic included essays on Baudelaire, Goethe, Kafka, Kraus, Leskov, Proust, Walser, and translation theory. He also made major translations into German of the Tableaux Parisiens section of Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal and parts of Proust's \u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu. In 1940, at the age of 48, Benjamin committed suicide at Portbou on the French\u2013Spanish border while attempting to escape from the invading Wehrmacht. Though popular acclaim eluded him during his life, the decades following his death won his work posthumous renown.", "Q69424": "Hasliberg is a Swiss municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern. Hasliberg is situated on a south-west facing terrace above the valley of the river Aare. The four villages spread out along this terrace are, from west to east, Hohfluh, Wasserwendi, Goldern and Reuti.\nHasliberg has become a popular destination for winter sports. An international boarding school, the Ecole d'Humanit\u00e9, is located in Goldern.", "Q1185115": "The City of Cape Town (Afrikaans: Stad Kaapstad; Xhosa: IsiXeko saseKapa) is the metropolitan municipality which governs the city of Cape Town, South Africa and its suburbs and exurbs. As of the 2011 census, it had a population of 3,740,026.\nThe remote Prince Edward Islands are deemed to be part of the City of Cape Town, specifically of ward 55.\n\n", "Q487096": "Reus (Catalan pronunciation: [\u02c8r\u025bws]) is the capital of Baix Camp, in the province of Tarragona, in Catalonia, Spain. The area has always been an important producer of wines and spirits, and gained continental importance at the time of the Phylloxera plague. Nowadays it is known for its commercial activity, for being a centre for rock-climbing and as the birthplace of architect Antoni Gaud\u00ed.", "Q66717": "Andreas Staier (born 13 September 1955 in G\u00f6ttingen) is a German pianist and harpsichordist.", "Q188620": "Rigoberta Mench\u00fa Tum (Spanish: [ri\u0263o\u02c8\u03b2e\u027eta men\u02c8t\u0283u]; born 9 January 1959) is a K'iche' Indigenous feminist and human rights activist from Guatemala. Mench\u00fa has dedicated her life to publicizing the rights of Guatemala's Indigenous peoples during and after the Guatemalan Civil War (1960\u20131996), and to promoting Indigenous rights internationally.She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992 and the Prince of Asturias Award in 1998, in addition to other prestigious awards. She is the subject of the testimonial biography I, Rigoberta Mench\u00fa (1983) and the author of the autobiographical work, Crossing Borders (1998), among other works. Mench\u00fa is a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador. She ran for president of Guatemala in 2007 and 2011, having founded the country's first Indigenous political party, Winaq.", "Q730082": "Issei Noro (\u91ce\u5442\u4e00\u751f, Noro Issei, born January 1, 1957 in Japan) is a Japanese jazz fusion guitarist who is one of the founding members and the main composer of the band Casiopea. He has released 6 solo albums and a compilation. He also works as an instructor of a guitar clinic, and as a producer.\nIn 1983, Yamaha had manufactured a Guitar specifically for Issei Noro, known as the Yamaha SG-IN (I.N. are his initials.)\nIn 1987, he joined forces with The Square (now T-Square) guitarist Masahiro Andoh and Hirokuni Korekata. They released 2 live albums and 1 studio album under the name Ottottrio, as a side project.\nAlso, Issei Noro was a guest musician who performed with the Sega Sound Team in 1989.It was announced on August 1, 2006 that Casiopea would take a hiatus until further announcement, because of Issei's constant exhaustion from touring and recording.\nHowever, the Closest to a Casiopea Reunion, is that Akira Jimbo (Casiopea's 1980-1989 and 1997-2006 drummer) is a member of Issei Noro's new band from 2008, \"Inspirits\". Besides having Noro and Jimbo, the band includes bassist Yuji Yajima, Ohgiya Kento on Electric Piano, and Ryo Hayashi on Keyboards. Inspirits is all musical composition and all arrangement by Noro. The group recorded and released 3 albums until Casiopea reunited in 2012, again, under Noro's leadership. Both Inspirits and Casiopea are now active groups.", "Q537999": "Rosa Reg\u00e0s (born 1933, in Barcelona) is a Catalan writer and novelist. She is a recipient of the Premio Planeta de Novela and the Premio Nadal.", "Q1631827": "Howard Hewett, Jr. (born October 1, 1955) is a Grammy Award winning American singer\u2013songwriter. Hewett rose to fame as the lead vocalist of the Grammy winning R&B/soul vocal group Shalamar.", "Q1918890": "Mel George Gaynor (born 29 May 1959 in Balham, London, England) is an English musician. He is best known as the longtime drummer for the rock band Simple Minds. Gaynor was born to a Jamaican father and an Afro-Brazilian mother.\nAfter leaving Samson (in which he played alongside Bruce Dickinson), Gaynor joined Simple Minds in 1982 as a session drummer for the New Gold Dream album (as a recommendation by record producer Pete Walsh), playing on six of the nine tracks. He later joined the band permanently for the New Gold Dream tour, as a replacement for Mike Ogletree. Except for a period (1992\u201397) away from the band after the Real Life tour of 1991\u201392 and remained the Simple Minds drummer until 2017.\nGaynor began drumming at age 11 and had his first professional engagement at age 14.\nIn addition to drumming, he is active as a songwriter and a record producer.\nGaynor considers The Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, Jimi Hendrix, James Brown, and the Mahavishnu Orchestra to be his main influences.In addition to Simple Minds, he has played alongside other acts such as: Elton John, Lou Reed, Tina Turner, Meat Loaf, Samson, Mango, Kirsty MacColl, The Associates, Orange Juice, Peter Gabriel, The Pretenders, Prljavo kazali\u0161te, Gary Moore, Jackson Browne, Little Steven, Brian May, The Nolans, Goldie, Robert Palmer, Joan Armatrading and Light of the World.\nIn 2007 Gaynor has kicked off his solo project with a version of \"Play That Funky Music\" and his new solo album was released at end of 2016\nGaynor's first single is the re recording of Robert Palmer's Addicted to Love released 12 September 2016.\nGaynor was also a member of Birmingham-based Muscles, a funk-oriented covers band that had minor chart success with \"If It Relaxes Your Mind\" and \"I'm a Girlwatcher\".\nGaynor has played a variety of drum sets over the years, including and currently Natal drums, and uses Remo drumheads. He has played a variety of cymbals as well, including at first Paiste during at the start of his career, but then switched to Zildjian in the early 1980s upon joining Simple Minds, which he played for much of the duration of his career. He has also endorsed Anatolian, UFIP, and also Meinl cymbals at various other stages in his career. In 2011, Paiste announced him as an official endorser again, but at the end of 2018 he became an endorser with Italian company Vulcan Cymbals.\nGaynor plays with his signature sticks called Drum Art, and will also be coming out with a signature snare drum from the same company.", "Q4066322": "Vasily V. Anisimov (born 1951/52) is a Russian billionaire businessman. In the 1990s, he owned banks and aluminium plants, sold everything in 2000, and is now a property developer.\n\n", "Q559098": "J\u00f3nas Hallgr\u00edmsson (16 November 1807 \u2013 26 May 1845) was an Icelandic poet, author and naturalist. He was one of the founders of the Icelandic journal Fj\u00f6lnir, which was first published in Copenhagen in 1835. The magazine was used by J\u00f3nas and his fellow Fj\u00f6lnismenn to promote Icelandic nationalism, in the hope of giving impetus to the Icelandic Independence Movement. J\u00f3nas remains one of Iceland's most beloved poets, penning some of the best-known Icelandic poems about Iceland and its people. Since 1996, J\u00f3nas's birthday has been officially recognised in Iceland as the Day of the Icelandic Language. On 16 November each year, the J\u00f3nas Hallgr\u00edmsson Award is awarded to an individual for their outstanding contribution to the Icelandic Language.", "Q229056": "Amelia Fiona \"Minnie\" Driver (born 31 January 1970) is an English-American actress and singer-songwriter.\nDriver has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her role as Skylar in Gus Van Sant's Good Will Hunting (1997). She was also nominated for both an Emmy Award (2007) and a Golden Globe Award (2008) for her work in the television series The Riches, and for an Emmy Award for her role as Maggie Royal in Return to Zero (2015). She has also been nominated by for the London Film Critics' Circle Award as British Supporting Actress of the Year on five occasions so far; for Big Night and Sleepers (both in 1996), Good Will Hunting (1997) which she won, The Phantom of the Opera (2004), and Barney's Version (2010).\nHer other film work includes Grosse Pointe Blank, Tarzan, Return to Me, Ella Enchanted, Conviction, and Beyond the Lights. On television, she starred as Fiona Bowa on the NBC sitcom About a Boy, has been an ongoing regular guest star on Will & Grace on NBC, and most recently starred as Maya DiMeo on the ABC sitcom Speechless.", "Q67409": "Christian Charles or Karl Josias von Bunsen (25 August 1791 \u2013 28 November 1860), also known as Baron von Bunsen, was a German diplomat and scholar.", "Q154993": "Christian VI (30 November 1699 \u2013 6 August 1746) was King of Denmark and Norway from 1730 to 1746. The eldest surviving son of Frederick IV and Louise of Mecklenburg-G\u00fcstrow, he is considered one of Denmark-Norway's more anonymous kings, but he was a skilled politician, best known for his authoritarian regime. He was the first king of the Oldenburg dynasty to refrain from entering in any war. During his reign both compulsory confirmation (1736) and a public, nationwide school system (1739) were introduced. His chosen motto was \"deo et populo\" (for God and the people).", "Q3476361": "Scottish Americans or Scots Americans (Scottish Gaelic: Ameireaganaich Albannach; Scots: Scots-American) are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in Scotland. Scottish Americans are closely related to Scotch-Irish Americans, descendants of Ulster Scots, and communities emphasize and celebrate a common heritage. The majority of Scotch-Irish Americans originally came from Lowland Scotland and Northern England before migrating to the province of Ulster in Ireland (see Plantation of Ulster) and thence, beginning about five generations later, to North America in large numbers during the eighteenth century.\nLarge-scale emigration from Scotland to America began in the 1700s, accelerating after the Jacobite rising of 1745, the resulting breakup of the clan structures, and the Highland Clearances. Displaced Scots went in search of a better life and settled in the thirteen colonies, initially around South Carolina and Virginia, and then further in successive generations.", "Q270123": "Kiely Alexis Williams (born July 9, 1986) is an American singer, rapper, dancer, actress, and songwriter. She is known for being a former member of girl groups 3LW and The Cheetah Girls.", "Q29000": "Abd al-Rahman I, more fully Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (731\u2013788) (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u200e), was the founder of a Muslim dynasty that ruled the greater part of Iberia for nearly three centuries (including the succeeding Caliphate of C\u00f3rdoba). Abd al-Rahman was a member of the Umayyad dynasty in Damascus, and his establishment of a government in Iberia represented a break with the Abbasids, who had overthrown the Umayyads in 750.\nHe was also known by the surnames al-Dakhil (\"the Entrant\"), Saqr Quraish (\"the Falcon of Quraysh\") and the \"Falcon of Andalus\". Variations of the spelling of his name include Abd ar-Rahman I, Abdul Rahman I, Abdar Rahman I, and Abderraman I.", "Q332462": "Ivan Yakovych Franko (Ukrainian: \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e, pronounced [i\u02c8w\u0251n \u02c8j\u0251kow\u026at\u0283 fr\u0250n\u02c8k\u0254]; August 27 [O.S. August 15] 1856 \u2013 May 28 [O.S. May 15] 1916) was a Ukrainian poet, writer, social and literary critic, journalist, interpreter, economist, political activist, doctor of philosophy, ethnographer, and the author of the first detective novels and modern poetry in the Ukrainian language.\nHe was a political radical, and a founder of the socialist and nationalist movement in western Ukraine. In addition to his own literary work, he also translated the works of such renowned figures as William Shakespeare, Lord Byron, Pedro Calder\u00f3n de la Barca, Dante Alighieri, Victor Hugo, Adam Mickiewicz, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller into Ukrainian. His translations appeared on the stage of the Ruska Besida Theatre. Along with Taras Shevchenko, he has had a tremendous impact on modern literary and political thought in Ukraine.", "Q113400": "Friedrich \"Fritz\" Glatz (July 21, 1943 \u2013 July 14, 2002) was an Austrian racing driver from Vienna. He raced under the pseudonyms Pierre Chauvet and Frederico Careca as well as a number of others.Glatz began his career in 1980 racing in the German Formula Three Championship. The following year he drove in that series as well as the European Formula Three Championship and made his European Formula Two Championship debut. He competed in 10 Formula Two races in 1982 for Bertram Sch\u00e4fer Racing but failed to score points, with a best finish of 8th. In 1983 again made 10 Formula Two starts, this time for Emco Sports but only succeeded in finishing twice and scored no points. In 1984 he returned to Emco Sports and finally broke into the points with a 6th place at Donington Park, with his single point good enough for 15th in the championship. Formula Two gave way to International Formula 3000 in 1985 and \"Chauvet\" only attempted two races with Oreca, failing to finish both races. In 1986 he drove in Formula 3000 nearly full-time for Jordan Racing but had a best finish of just 14th and he failed to qualify once. He also drove in two World Sports-Prototype Championship races for two teams (Roy Baker Racing in Jerez and Martin Schanche Racing in the N\u00fcrburgring, failing to score points on both occasions). Glatz was away from racing in 1987 but in 1988 returned to Formula 3000 at 45 years of age racing full-time for Racetech 3000. However, after 3 failures to qualify in 6 races, he left the team and went to Madgwick International. His best finish on the season was 12th, out of the points. He also made 3 World Sports-Prototype Championship starts. In 1989 he made one start in the inaugural season of British Formula 3000, which was good enough for 13th in points. He made a handful of sports car starts throughout the 1990s, mainly in Interserie.\nIn 2002 he was driving a 1996-vintage Arrows Footwork FA17 Formula One car in a EuroBOSS race at Autodrom Most when his car bounced over a curb and became airborne. Glatz died from his injuries.", "Q378225": "Hagi (\u8429\u5e02, Hagi-shi) is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, which was incorporated on July 1, 1932.\nAs of May 31, 2016, the city has an estimated population of 50,179 and a population density of 71.80 of persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 698.86 km\u00b2.", "Q311293": "John Bowden Connally Jr. (February 27, 1917 \u2013 June 15, 1993) was an American politician. He served as the 39th Governor of Texas and as the 61st United States Secretary of the Treasury. He began his career as a Democrat and later became a Republican in 1973.\nBorn in Floresville, Texas, Connally pursued a legal career after graduating from the University of Texas at Austin. During World War II, he served on the staff of James Forrestal and Dwight D. Eisenhower before transferring to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater. After the war, he became an aide to Senator Lyndon B. Johnson. When Johnson assumed the vice presidency in 1961, he convinced President John F. Kennedy to appoint Connally to the position of United States Secretary of the Navy. Connally left the Kennedy Administration in December 1961 to run for Governor of Texas, and he held that position from 1963 to 1969. In 1963, Connally was riding in the presidential limousine during Kennedy's assassination, and was seriously wounded. During his governorship, he was a conservative Democrat.\nIn 1971, Republican President Richard Nixon appointed Connally as his Treasury Secretary. In this position, Connally presided over the removal of the U.S. dollar from the gold standard, an event known as the Nixon shock. Connally stepped down from the Cabinet in 1972 to lead the Democrats for Nixon organization, which campaigned for Nixon's re-election. He was a candidate to replace Vice President Spiro Agnew after the latter resigned in 1973, but Nixon chose Gerald Ford instead. He sought the Republican nomination for president in the 1980 election, but withdrew from the race after the first set of primaries. Connally did not seek public office again after 1980 and died of pulmonary fibrosis in 1993.", "Q273402": "Georgia Theodora Hale (June 25, 1900 \u2013 June 17, 1985) was an actress of the silent movie era.", "Q667680": "GroenLinks (Dutch pronunciation: [\u0263run\u02c8l\u026a\u014bks]; English: GreenLeft, GL) is a green political party in the Netherlands. It was formed on 1 March 1989 from the merger of four left-wing parties: the Communist Party of the Netherlands, the Pacifist Socialist Party, the Political Party of Radicals and the Evangelical People's Party.\nAfter disappointing results in the 1989 and 1994 general elections, the nascent party fared particularly well in the 1998 and 2002 elections. The party's leader at that time, Paul Rosenm\u00f6ller, was seen as the unofficial Leader of the Opposition against the First Kok cabinet, a purple government.\nGroenLinks describes itself as \"green\", \"social\" and \"tolerant\". The party holds 14 seats in the House of Representatives, 8 in the Senate and 3 in the European Parliament. The current Leader of GroenLinks and chair of the House parliamentary group is Jesse Klaver. The party is in opposition against the governing Third Rutte cabinet. The party has over 100 local councillors and it participates in the government of sixteen of the twenty largest municipalities. The party's voters are concentrated in larger cities, especially those with a university.\nThe party has 21,901 members which are organised in over 250 municipal branches. The party congress is open to all members. GroenLinks is a member of the Global Greens and the European Green Party. The party's number of seats fell from 10 to 4 seats in the 2012 election, before increasing to 14 in the 2017 general election.", "Q129978": "Justin Chatwin (born October 31, 1982) is a Canadian actor. He appeared in both studio feature films like War of the Worlds (2005), The Invisible (2007), and Dragonball Evolution (2009), as well in independent films such as Bang Bang Baby (2014), for which he received a nomination at the Canadian Screen Awards for Best actor in a supporting role, Unleashed (2016), and Summer Night (2019).\nChatwin is also a TV actor, best known for his work in the Showtime comedy-drama Shameless. He starred in the CBS mystery series American Gothic and was the principal guest-star in the 2016 Christmas special of the BBC One series Doctor Who in \"The Return of Doctor Mysterio\".\nIn his most recent role, he stars opposite Katee Sackhoff and Tyler Hoechlin in the new Netflix original show Another Life, which premiered worldwide in 2019.", "Q2056147": "George Washington Vanderbilt II (November 14, 1862 \u2013 March 6, 1914) was an art collector and member of the prominent Vanderbilt family, which amassed a huge fortune through steamboats, railroads, and various business enterprises. He built a 250-room mansion, the largest privately owned home in the United States, which he named Biltmore Estate.", "Q385380": "I Want Candy is a 2007 British sex comedy film directed by Stephen Surjik.", "Q1067812": "Nicholas Menza (July 23, 1964 \u2013 May 21, 2016) was an American musician best known as the former drummer for American thrash metal band Megadeth from 1989-1998 and again in 2004 as well as one final return in 2014. He recorded drums on four of Megadeth's albums: Rust in Peace (1990), Countdown to Extinction (1992), Youthanasia (1994) and Cryptic Writings (1997).", "Q161900": "Mi\u0161ko Kranjec (pronunciation ) (Hungarian: Kr\u00e1nyecz Mih\u00e1ly) (September 15, 1908 \u2013 June 8, 1983), born as Mihael Kranjec, was a Slovene writer.\nKranjec was born in the village of Velika Polana in what was then the Zala County of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as the son of the village tailor Mihalj Kranjec. When he was eleven years old, his native region of Prekmurje was incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and thus into Slovenia.\nKranjec studied Slavic philology at the University of Ljubljana. In the 1930s, he started writing his first short stories, following the emerging trend of social realism. He incorporated themes from his native Prekmurje region, which was a novelty back then. In Ljubljana, he became a journalist and a left-wing political activist. In 1941, just prior to the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, Kranjec became a member of the Yugoslav Communist Party.\nDuring World War II he collaborated with the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People. After the Communist takeover in 1945, he held several positions in the regime's cultural policy. In 1953, he became a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts.\nAmong his many works, the best known are the collections of short stories entitled Povest o dobrih ljudeh (\"A Story about Good People\") and Strici so mi povedali (\"As My Uncles Told Me\").\nHe died in Ljubljana.", "Q106743": "Fernando Casado Arambillet (20 September 1917 \u2013 9 March 1994), best known as Fernando Rey, was a Spanish film, theatre, and television actor, who worked in both Europe and the United States. A suave, international actor best known for his roles in the films of surrealist director Luis Bu\u00f1uel (Tristana, 1970; Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie, 1972; That Obscure Object of Desire, 1977) and as the drug lord Alain Charnier in The French Connection (1971) and French Connection II (1975), he appeared in more than 150 films over half a century.\nThe debonair Rey was described by French Connection producer Philip D'Antoni as \"the last of the Continental guys\". He achieved his greatest fame after he turned 50: \"Perhaps it is a pity that my success came so late in life\", he told the Los Angeles Times. \"It might have been better to have been successful while young, like El Cordob\u00e9s in the bullring. Then your life is all before you to enjoy it.\"", "Q62559": "Richard Wagner (born 10 April 1952) is a Romanian-born German novelist. He has published a number of short stories, novels and essays.\nA member of Romania's German minority, like his former wife, Herta M\u00fcller, he studied German and Romanian literature at Timi\u0219oara University. He then worked as a German language school teacher and as a journalist, and published poetry and short stories in German. He was also a member of Aktionsgruppe Banat, a German-speaking literary society.\nIn 1987, Wagner and M\u00fcller left Romania for West Berlin, to escape communist oppression and censorship in Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu's Romania. He still lives in Berlin.", "Q214499": "Christian August Gottlob Eberhard (12 January 1769 \u2013 13 May 1845) was a German miscellaneous writer.\nHe was born at Belzig, in the Electorate of Saxony. He studied theology at Leipzig; but, having had a story successfully published in a periodical, he began a career in literature. With the exception of Hannchen und die K\u00fcchlein (1822), a narrative poem in ten parts, and an epic on the creation, Der erste Mensch und die Erde (1828), Eberhard's work was ephemeral in character and is now forgotten. He died at Dresden.His collected works (Gesammelte Schriften) appeared in 20 volumes in 1830\u20131831.", "Q1453940": "Jonathan Gooch (born 22 August 1984 in Hertfordshire, England), more commonly known by his stage names Feed Me and Spor, is a British drum and bass, dubstep and electro house producer and DJ. He is currently managed by Three Six Zero Group.", "Q15909": "Jo\u017ee Javor\u0161ek was the pen name of Jo\u017ee Brejc (20 October 1920 \u2013 2 September 1990), a Slovenian playwright, writer, poet, translator and essayist. He is regarded as one of the greatest masters of style and language among Slovene authors. A complex thinker and controversial personality, Javor\u0161ek is frequently considered, together with the writer Vitomil Zupan, as the paradigmatic example of the World War II and postwar generation of Slovene intellectuals.", "Q6134221": "Battle League Horumo (\u9d28\u5ddd\u30db\u30eb\u30e2\u30fc, Kamogawa Horum\u014d) is a Japanese fantasy-action-comedy film directed by Katsuhide Motoki.", "Q3298975": "Capitol Latin (formerly EMI Latin) was a subsidiary of EMI which focused on Latin American music.", "Q102525": "Dietrich Gresemund (1477 \u2013 14 October 1512) was a German humanist writer.", "Q810987": "Gunnm (Japanese: \u9283\u5922, Hepburn: Ganmu, literally \"gun dream\"), also known as Battle Angel Alita in its English translated versions, is a Japanese cyberpunk manga series created by Yukito Kishiro and originally published in Shueisha's Business Jump magazine from 1990 to 1995. The second of the comic's nine volumes was adapted in 1993 into a two-part anime original video animation titled Battle Angel for North American release by ADV Films and the UK and Australian release by Manga Entertainment. Manga Entertainment also dubbed Battle Angel Alita into English. A live-action film adaptation titled Alita: Battle Angel was released on February 14, 2019.\nThe series is set in the post-apocalyptic future and focuses on Alita (\"Gally\" in the original Japanese version, and several other countries), a female cyborg who has lost all memories and is found in a junkyard by a cybernetics doctor who rebuilds and takes care of her. She discovers that there is one thing she remembers, the legendary cyborg martial art Panzer Kunst, which leads to her becoming a Hunter Warrior, or bounty hunter. The story traces Alita's attempts to rediscover her past and the characters whose lives she impacts on her journey. The manga series is continued in Battle Angel Alita: Last Order and Battle Angel Alita: Mars Chronicle.", "Q323547": "Michael Davis Pratt (born March 10, 1957), known professionally as Jim White, is a southern American singer-songwriter and guitarist.", "Q1763185": "Jun Masuo (\u5897\u5c3e \u9075, Masuo Jun, born October 5, 1986) is a Japanese actor best known for his role as Jadeite in Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon. Jun has also worked as a model. Nowadays he plays with the music group \"As a Sign of human\", as guitarist/vocalist.", "Q71243": "William Clark Gable (February 1, 1901 \u2013 November 16, 1960) was an American film actor, often referred to as \"The King of Hollywood\". He had roles in more than 60 motion pictures in a wide variety of genres in a career that lasted 37 years, three decades of which was as a leading man. Gable died of a heart attack; his final on screen appearance was of an aging cowboy in The Misfits, released posthumously in 1961.\nBorn and raised in Ohio, Gable traveled to Hollywood where he began his film career as an extra in Hollywood silent films between 1924 and 1926. He progressed to supporting roles for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and his first leading role in 1931's Dance, Fools, Dance was alongside Joan Crawford, who requested him for the part. His next role, in the romantic drama Red Dust (1932) with reigning sex symbol Jean Harlow, made him MGM's biggest male star. Gable won the Academy Award for Best Actor for Frank Capra's It Happened One Night (1934), co-starring Claudette Colbert. He was nominated for the same award for his roles in Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), and in Gone with the Wind (1939), as Rhett Butler opposite Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara. He found continued commercial and critical success with Manhattan Melodrama (1934), San Francisco (1936), Saratoga (1937), Test Pilot (1938), and Boom Town (1940), three of which co-starred Spencer Tracy.\nGable appeared opposite some of the most popular actresses of their time. Joan Crawford was a favorite actress of his to work with, and he partnered with her in eight films. Myrna Loy worked with him seven times, and he was paired with Jean Harlow in six productions. He also starred with Lana Turner in four features and in three each with Norma Shearer and Ava Gardner.\nGable spent two years as an aerial cameraman and bomber gunner in Europe during World War II. Although his movies following his return were not critically lauded, they did well at the box office. He experienced a critical revival with The Hucksters (1947), Homecoming (1948) and Mogambo (1953), which also featured newcomer Grace Kelly. Later he starred in westerns and war movies, such as Run Silent, Run Deep (1958) with Burt Lancaster, and in comedies that paired him with a new generation of leading ladies such as Doris Day in Teacher's Pet (1958), Sophia Loren in It Started in Naples (1960) and Marilyn Monroe in The Misfits (1961).\nGable was one of the most consistent box-office performers in history, appearing on Quigley Publishing's annual Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll 16 times. He was named the seventh-greatest male star of classic American cinema by the American Film Institute.", "Q706518": "Billy Joe Thomas (born August 7, 1942) is an American singer. He is particularly known for his hit songs of the 1960s and 1970s, which appeared on the pop, country, and Christian music charts. His best-known recordings are the original version of the Mark James song \"Hooked on a Feeling\" (1968), and Burt Bacharach and Hal David song, \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\" (1969).", "Q260318": "Joan Leslie (born Joan Agnes Theresa Sadie Brodel; January 26, 1925 \u2013 October 12, 2015) was an American actress, dancer, and vaudevillian who, during the Hollywood Golden Age, appeared in such films as High Sierra, Sergeant York, and Yankee Doodle Dandy.\n\n", "Q434512": "Crystal Gayle (born Brenda Gail Webb; January 9, 1951) is an American country music singer and songwriter. Originally under the guidance of sister Loretta Lynn, Gayle soon developed her own MOR style. This new musical direction made her one of the most successful crossover artists of the 1970s and 80s. She is also noted for her floor-length hair.Gayle began her career in the 1960s performing in the background of her siblings' bands, most notably Loretta Lynn. Lynn helped her sign a recording contract with Decca Records in 1970. Having minor success, she was encouraged to develop her own musical identity. Under the direction of producer Allen Reynolds at United Artists Records, Gayle shifted towards a country pop style that was more successful. In 1975, \"Wrong Road Again\" became Gayle's first major hit. However, it was in 1977 when Gayle achieved her biggest success with the single \"Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue\". The song topped the Billboard country chart, crossed over to the top five of the Billboard Hot 100, and became a major international hit.\nGayle continued having major country pop success from the late 1970s and through late 1980s. Her biggest hits included \"Ready for the Times to Get Better\" (1977), \"Talking in Your Sleep\" (1978), \"Half the Way\" (1979) and \"You and I\" (1982). In the 1990s, Gayle shifted artistic directions by recording various genres of music. This included an album of inspirational music entitled Someday (1995) and an album of standards called Crystal Gayle Sings the Heart and Soul of Hoagy Carmichael (1999). During the decade she also owned and operated a fine arts shop called \"Crystal's Fine Gifts and Jewelry\". Her most recent studio release appeared in 2019 and Gayle has since continued to tour throughout the world.\nGayle has won one Grammy Award and has been nominated for several others since the 1970s. She has also won five Academy of Country Music awards; those awards include receiving the Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award in 2016. In addition, she has won two Country Music Association awards and three American Music Awards. Rolling Stone ranked her among the 100 greatest country artists of all time and CMT ranked her within their list of the 40 greatest women of country music. Gayle has her own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and was inducted as a member of the Grand Ole Opry in 2017.", "Q113428": "The Profession of Arms (Italian: Il mestiere delle armi) is a 2001 Italian film directed by Ermanno Olmi.\n\n", "Q104154": "Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier FRS (FOR) HFRSE (French: [y\u0281b\u025b\u0303 \u0292\u0251\u0303 \u0292\u0254z\u025bf l\u0259 v\u025b\u0281je]; 11 March 1811 \u2013 23 September 1877) was a French astronomer and mathematician who specialized in celestial mechanics and is best known for predicting the existence and position of Neptune using only mathematics. The calculations were made to explain discrepancies with Uranus's orbit and the laws of Kepler and Newton. Le Verrier sent the coordinates to Johann Gottfried Galle in Berlin, asking him to verify. Galle found Neptune in the same night he received Le Verrier's letter, within 1\u00b0 of the predicted position. The discovery of Neptune is widely regarded as a dramatic validation of celestial mechanics, and is one of the most remarkable moments of 19th-century science.", "Q807545": "Barbara Lynn (born Barbara Lynn Ozen, later Barbara Lynn Cumby, January 16, 1942) is an American rhythm and blues and electric blues guitarist, singer and songwriter. She is best known for her R&B chart-topping hit, \"You'll Lose a Good Thing\" (1962). In 2018, Lynn received the National Heritage Fellowship.", "Q78267": "Max Eyth (6 May 1836 \u2013 25 August 1906) was a German engineer and writer.\n\nThe house where he was born, is now a literature museum (2010).\nHe was born in Kirchheim unter Teck to Edward Eyth (1809\u20131884), a teacher of Greek and history at an evangelical seminar and his wife Julie. He lived from 1841 to 1852 in Sch\u00f6ntal Abbey where his father was Ephorus at the Evangelical Seminary Maulbronn and Blaubeuren. Besides his profession his father wrote books about history and literature history. His mother also was an author. \nYoung Max spent school time in Heilbronn, and also the first years of his teaching at the Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Heilbronn Hahn & G\u00f6bel.\nFrom 1852 till 1856 he studied at the Polytechnikum Stuttgart Mechanical engineering. Since this time he was a member of Corps Stauffia Stuttgart. He collected his first experiences at the steam engine factory Gotthilf Kuhn in Berg near Stuttgart. Although his degree, he had to absolve a training as mechanist before he was allowed to make constructors work. Before this he made technical drawings.\n1862 he went to steam plow factory John Fowler in Leeds and overtook foreign agency for steam plows. There were many travels and stays in foreign countries, for example in Egypt and the United States. During the time of the American Civil War he travelled to Egypt. Egypt tried at this time to become the main producer of cotton for Europe.\nMax Eyth founded the German Agricultural Society (DLG) in 1885.", "Q57284": "\u00d3lafur Ragnar Gr\u00edmsson (Icelandic: [\u02c8ou\u02d0lav\u028fr \u02c8raknar \u02c8krims\u0254n] (listen); born 14 May 1943) is an Icelandic politician who was the fifth President of Iceland from 1996 to 2016. He was first elected in 1996, and was elected unopposed for a second term in 2000. \u00d3lafur was re-elected for a third term in 2004 (with opposition), for a fourth term in 2008 (unopposed), and for a record fifth and final term in 2012 (with opposition).\n\u00d3lafur announced in his New Year's message on 1 January 2016, that he would be stepping down from the presidency at the end of his fifth term on 1 August 2016, after twenty years in office. However, he announced in a press conference on 18 April 2016 that he would be running for re-election, in light of the political instability caused by the release of the Panama Papers two weeks earlier. After Gu\u00f0ni Th. J\u00f3hannesson and Dav\u00ed\u00f0 Oddsson announced their candidacies, he again changed his mind and on 9 May declared he would not run.Since the end of his presidency, \u00d3lafur has been serving as Chairman of the Arctic Circle, a non-profit organization, and as Chairman of the International Renewable Energy Agency's Global Commission on the Geopolitics of Energy Transformation.", "Q5188850": "Crossroads School for Arts & Sciences is a private, K-12, independent, college preparatory school in Santa Monica, California, United States. The school is a former member of the G20 Schools Group.", "Q152474": "Rafael Le\u00f3nidas Trujillo Molina ( troo-HEE-yoh, Spanish: [rafa\u02c8el le\u02c8oni\u00f0as t\u027eu\u02c8xi\u029do]; 24 October 1891 \u2013 30 May 1961), nicknamed El Jefe (Spanish: [el \u02c8xefe], \"The Chief\" or \"The Boss\"), was a Dominican politician and soldier who ruled the Dominican Republic from February 1930 until his assassination in May 1961. He served as president from 1930 to 1938 and again from 1942 to 1952, ruling for the rest of the time as an unelected military strongman under figurehead presidents. His 31 years in power, to Dominicans known as the Trujillo Era (Spanish: El Trujillato), are considered one of the bloodiest eras ever in the Americas, as well as a time of a personality cult, when monuments to Trujillo were in abundance. Trujillo and his regime were responsible for many deaths, including between 20,000 and 30,000 Haitians in the infamous Parsley massacre.During his long rule, the Trujillo government extended its policy of state terrorism beyond national borders. Notorious examples of Trujillo's reach abroad are the unsuccessful assassination attempt in Caracas against Venezuelan President R\u00f3mulo Betancourt (1960), the abduction and subsequent disappearance in New York City of the Spaniard Jes\u00fas Gal\u00edndez (1956), the murder of writer Jos\u00e9 Almoina in Mexico, also a Spaniard, and crimes committed against Cubans, Costa Ricans, Nicaraguans, and Puerto Ricans, as well as United States citizens.The Trujillo era unfolded in a Hispanic Caribbean environment that was particularly fertile for dictatorial regimes. In the countries of the Caribbean Basin alone, his dictatorship was concurrent, in whole or in part, with those in Cuba, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Venezuela, and Haiti. In retrospect, the Trujillo dictatorship has been characterized as more prominent and more brutal than those that rose and fell around it.Trujillo remains a polarizing figure in the Dominican Republic; as is the case with Spain's Francisco Franco, the sheer longevity of his rule makes a detached evaluation difficult. While his supporters credit him for bringing stability and prosperity to the country, others criticize his heavy-handed rule and disregard for civil rights and freedoms.", "Q68074": "Ekkehard I (Latin: Eccehardus; died 14 January 973), called Major or Senex (the Elder), was a monk of the Abbey of Saint Gall. He was of noble birth, of the Jonschwyl family in Toggenburg, and was educated in the monastery of St. Gall; after joining the Benedictine Order, he was appointed director of the inner school there. Later, under Abbot Kralo, who trusted him implicitly, he was elected dean of the monastery, and for a while directed all the affairs of the abbey.\nEkkehard made a pilgrimage to Rome, where he was retained for a time by Pope John XII, who presented him with various relics of St. John the Baptist. After Kralo's death Ekkehard refused the abbatial succession, because of lameness resulting from a fractured leg. However, he directed the choice of Burkard, son of Count Ulrich of Buchhorn, who governed St. Gall with the advice and co-operation of Ekkehard. The latter erected a hospice in front of the monastery for the sick and strangers, and was in many other ways a model of charity.\nHe was also distinguished as a poet, and wrote a Latin epic \"Waltharius\", basing his version on an original German text. He dedicated this poem to Bishop Erkanbald of Strasburg (965-991). It describes the elopement of Walter of Aquitaine with the Burgundian princess Hildegunde, from the land of the Huns, followed by the battle of Wasgenstein between Walter and the followers of Gunther and Hagen (ed. Peiper, Berlin, 1873).\nHe also composed various ecclesiastical hymns and sequences, e. g. in honour of the Blessed Trinity, St. John the Baptist, St. Benedict, St. Columbanus and St. Stephen (Meyer, \"Philologische Bemerkungen zum Waltharius\" in \"Abhandl. der bayr. Akad. d. Wissenschaften\", Munich, 1873; Streeker, \"Ekkehard und Virgil\" in \"Zeitschrift f. deutsches Altertum\", 1898, XLII, 338-366).", "Q721819": "Roy Linwood Clark (April 15, 1933 \u2013 November 15, 2018) was an American singer and musician. He is best known for having hosted Hee Haw, a nationally televised country variety show, from 1969 to 1997. Clark was an important and influential figure in country music, both as a performer and in helping to popularize the genre.\nDuring the 1970s, Clark frequently guest-hosted for Johnny Carson on The Tonight Show and enjoyed a 30-million viewership for Hee Haw. Clark was highly regarded and renowned as a guitarist, banjo player, and fiddler. He was skilled in the traditions of many genres, including classical guitar, country music, Latin music, bluegrass, and pop. He had hit songs as a pop vocalist (e.g., \"Yesterday, When I Was Young\" and \"Thank God and Greyhound\"), and his instrumental skill had an enormous effect on generations of bluegrass and country musicians. He became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in 1987, and, in 2009, was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. He published his autobiography, My Life in Spite of Myself, in 1994.\n\n", "Q18593": "Claudio Paul Sanchez III (born March 12, 1978) is an American writer and musician of Puerto Rican and Italian descent best known for being the lead singer, guitarist and primary lyricist for the alternative/progressive rock group Coheed and Cambria. He is the creator of the comic book series The Amory Wars, as well as Key of Z and Kill Audio, both co-written with wife Chondra Echert. Sanchez co-authored the novel Year of the Black Rainbow with Peter David.", "Q122193": "Konstanze Dahn, born Constanze Le Gaye (12 June 1814 in Kassel, \u2020 26 March 1894 in Munich) was a German actress of French-Huguenot origin.", "Q240976": "Brittany Ann Daniel (born March 17, 1976) is an American television and film actress. She is the twin sister of former actress and photographer Cynthia Daniel. She is best known for her role as Jessica Wakefield in the 1990s syndicated teen drama Sweet Valley High and her portrayal of Kelly Pitts on the CW/BET comedy-drama series The Game.", "Q79179": "Maria Friederike \"Frida\" Cornelia Strindberg (n\u00e9e Uhl (4 April 1872 \u2013 28 June 1943) was an Austrian writer and translator, who was closely associated with many important figures in 20th-century literature.", "Q382389": "Jacques Audiard (French: [\u0292ak odja\u0281]; born 30 April 1952) is a French film director and screenwriter. He is the son of Michel Audiard, also a film director and screenwriter.\nHe has won both the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Film and the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language twice, in 2005 for The Beat That My Heart Skipped and in 2010 for A Prophet, as well as winning the Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival. \nHis 2012 film Rust and Bone, competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language, for a Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and won the BFI London Film Festival Award for Best Film.\nHis 2015 film Dheepan won the Palme d'Or at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q765083": "Julius Nicolai Jacobsen (19 May 1829 \u2013 25 December 1894) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician. He founded J. N. Jacobsen & Co. which became one of the country's larger forest product companies.", "Q608521": "Russell Watson (born 24 November 1966) is an English tenor who has released singles and albums of both operatic-style and pop songs, had been singing since he was a child, and became known after performing at a working men's club. He came to attention in 1999 when he sang \"God Save the Queen\" at the Rugby League Challenge Cup Final at Wembley Stadium, \"Barcelona\" at the last match of the Premiership season between Manchester United and Tottenham Hotspur at Old Trafford and a full set of songs at the 1999 UEFA Champions League Final in Barcelona between Manchester United and Bayern Munich.\nWatson's debut album titled The Voice was released in May 2001; four others followed. However, an album planned for November 2006 was delayed due to the removal of a benign pituitary tumour. This album, titled That's Life, was eventually released on 5 March 2007.\nOn 24 October 2007, it was discovered that there had been a regrowth of his pituitary tumour and bleeding into his brain. He underwent emergency surgery and was discharged from hospital on 31 October. He underwent an extensive rehabilitation programme, including radiotherapy. His sixth studio album, Outside In, was released on 26 November 2007.\nOn 22 November 2010, Watson released La Voce, his first album since overcoming the brain tumour .", "Q1697": "Moscow Oblast (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0301\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c, tr. Moskovskaya oblast, IPA: [m\u0250\u02c8skofsk\u0259j\u0259 \u02c8obl\u0259s\u02b2t\u02b2]), or Podmoskovye (Russian: \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044c\u0435, IPA: [p\u0259dm\u0250\u02c8skov\u02b2j\u0259], literally \"around/near Moscow\"), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). With a population of 7,095,120 (2010 Census) living in an area of 44,300 square kilometers (17,100 sq mi), it is one of the most densely populated regions in the country and is the second most populous federal subject. The oblast has no official administrative center; its public authorities are located in Moscow and Krasnogorsk (Moscow Oblast Duma and government), also across other locations in the oblast.Moscow Oblast borders Tver Oblast in the northwest, Yaroslavl Oblast in the north, Vladimir Oblast in the northeast and east, Ryazan Oblast in the southeast, Tula Oblast in the south, Kaluga Oblast in the southwest, and Smolensk Oblast in the west. In the center stands the federal city of Moscow, which is a separate federal subject in its own right. The oblast is highly industrialized, with its main industrial branches being metallurgy, oil refining, and mechanical engineering, food, energy, and chemical industries.", "Q436463": "Lodewijk 'Lou' Lichtveld (November 7, 1903 \u2013 July 10, 1996) was a Surinamese politician, playwright, poet and resistance fighter who wrote under the pseudonym \"Albert Helman\".\nHe gained notability in 1923 when he published the poetry collection De glorende dag (The Dawning Day), a milestone in immigrant literature in the Netherlands. He followed it three years later with Zuid-Zuid-West (South-South-West).In 1931, he published a play based on the third voyage of Willem Barentsz.\n\n", "Q470436": "Gianfranco Ferr\u00e9 (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292a\u0271\u02c8fra\u014bko fer\u02c8re]; 15 August 1944 \u2013 17 June 2007) was an Italian fashion designer also known as \"the architect of fashion\" for his background and his original attitude toward creating fashion design.", "Q1711513": "Simon Turner (born 21 November 1954) is an English musician, songwriter, composer, producer and actor.\nAfter portraying Ned East in the 1971 BBC TV adaptation of Tom Brown's Schooldays and roles in films such as The Big Sleep (1978), Dover-born Simon Turner quickly rose to fame as a teenage star in Britain thanks to his mentor Jonathan King who released his first album Simon Turner in 1973 on UK Records. Turner was a member of the Gadget and also joined The The for a period of two years. He has used several names as a recording artist, including Simon Fisher Turner, the King of Luxembourg, Deux Filles and Simon Turner. He continues to record albums for Mute Records as Simon Fisher Turner.\nHe was a member of The Portsmouth Sinfonia Orchestra, and plays clarinet on their only live album, recorded at The Albert Hall, London.", "Q1189061": "Dennis Crowley (born June 19, 1976) is an American Internet entrepreneur who co-founded the social networking sites Dodgeball and Foursquare.\n\n", "Q65550": "Katja Woywood (born 10 May 1971 in West Berlin, West Germany) is a German actress and former child star in her native land. Since episode 189 she plays the new chief of the highway police in the German action-series Alarm f\u00fcr Cobra 11 - Die Autobahnpolizei.", "Q23505": "George Herbert Walker Bush (June 12, 1924 \u2013 November 30, 2018) was an American politician and businessman who served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993. A member of the Republican Party, Bush also served in the U.S. House of Representatives, as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, as Director of Central Intelligence, and as the 43rd vice president.\nBush was raised in Greenwich, Connecticut and attended Phillips Academy before serving in the United States Navy during World War II. After the war, he graduated from Yale University and moved to West Texas, where he established a successful oil company. After an unsuccessful run for the United States Senate, he won election to the 7th congressional district of Texas in 1966. President Richard Nixon appointed Bush to the position of Ambassador to the United Nations in 1971 and to the position of chairman of the Republican National Committee in 1973. In 1974, President Gerald Ford appointed him as the Chief of the Liaison Office to the People's Republic of China, and in 1976 Bush became the Director of Central Intelligence. Bush ran for president in 1980, but was defeated in the Republican presidential primaries by Ronald Reagan. He was then elected vice president in 1980 and 1984 as Reagan's running mate.\nIn the 1988 presidential election, Bush defeated Democrat Michael Dukakis, becoming the first incumbent vice president to be elected president in 152 years. Foreign policy drove the Bush presidency, as he navigated the final years of the Cold War and played a key role in the reunification of Germany. Bush presided over the invasion of Panama and the Gulf War, ending the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait in the latter conflict. Though the agreement was not ratified until after he left office, Bush negotiated and signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which created a trade bloc consisting of the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Domestically, Bush reneged on a 1988 campaign promise by signing a bill that increased taxes and helped reduce the federal budget deficit. He also signed the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and appointed David Souter and Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court. Bush lost the 1992 presidential election to Democrat Bill Clinton following an economic recession and the decreased emphasis of foreign policy in a post\u2013Cold War political climate.\nAfter leaving office in 1993, Bush was active in humanitarian activities, often working alongside Clinton, his former opponent. With George W. Bush's victory in the 2000 presidential election, Bush and his son became the second father\u2013son pair to serve as the nation's president, following John Adams and John Quincy Adams. Another son, Jeb Bush, unsuccessfully sought the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 Republican primaries. After a long battle with vascular Parkinson's disease, Bush died at his home on November 30, 2018. Historians generally rank Bush as an above average president.\n\n", "Q968828": "Martin Rushent (11 July 1948 \u2013 4 June 2011) was an English record producer, best known for his work with The Human League, The Stranglers and Buzzcocks.", "Q542490": "Groove Theory is an American duo, with former member, singer-songwriter Amel Larrieux and songwriter/producer/actor, Bryce Wilson. The group is best known for their 1995 hit \"Tell Me\", which reached the top five of Billboard 's Hot 100 and the US Billboard R&B chart.", "Q310833": "Joseph Marie Charles dit (called or nicknamed) Jacquard (French: [\u0292aka\u0281]; 7 July 1752 \u2013 7 August 1834) was a French weaver and merchant. He played an important role in the development of the earliest programmable loom (the \"Jacquard loom\"), which in turn played an important role in the development of other programmable machines, such as an early version of digital compiler used by IBM to develop the modern day computer.\n\n", "Q264618": "Benjamin Peter James Bradshaw (born 30 August 1960) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Exeter since 1997 and was the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport from 2009 to 2010. Before entering politics he worked as a BBC Radio reporter.", "Q1894128": "Viktor Filippovich Rashnikov (born October 13, 1948) is a Russian billionaire businessman. An oligarch, he made his wealth (estimated at $9.1 billion in February 2019) in the iron and steel industry, being the majority owner of Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works (MMK), one of the world's leading steel producers.He owns Ocean Victory, at the time of her construction the 10th largest yacht in the world.", "Q299965": "Ralph Waldo Ellison (March 1, 1913 \u2013 April 16, 1994) was an American novelist, literary critic, and scholar best known for his novel Invisible Man, which won the National Book Award in 1953. He also wrote Shadow and Act (1964), a collection of political, social and critical essays, and Going to the Territory (1986). For The New York Times, the best of these essays in addition to the novel put him \"among the gods of America's literary Parnassus.\" A posthumous novel, Juneteenth, was published after being assembled from voluminous notes he left upon his death.", "Q110647": "Egon Monk (May 18, 1927 \u2013 February 28, 2007) was a German actor, director and author.", "Q106031": "Majid Samii (Persian: \u0645\u062c\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0639\u06cc\u200e, born 19 June 1937) is a distinguished Iranian neurosurgeon and medical scientist.\n\n", "Q3048722": "Edward Willis Scripps (June 18, 1854 \u2013 March 12, 1926), was an American newspaper publisher and, together with his sister Ellen Browning Scripps, founder of The E. W. Scripps Company, a diversified media conglomerate, and United Press news service. It became United Press International (UPI) when International News Service (INS) merged with United Press in 1958. The E. W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University is named for him.", "Q64882": "Greifensee is a municipality in the district of Uster in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q1282826": "Frank Witzel (born 1955) is a German writer, illustrator, radio presenter and musician. He lives in Offenbach am Main, Hesse.", "Q75757": "Heinrich Nissen (born 3 April 1839 in Hadersleben; died 29 February 1912 in Bonn) was a German professor of ancient history.", "Q957414": "Chris Bradford is an award-winning author and black belt martial artist, best known for his children's fictional series, Young Samurai.\nThe first Young Samurai book, The Way of the Warrior, was published by Puffin Books in 2008. Disney bought the rights in the same year and published in early 2009. Seven further books followed, with a ninth - The Return of the Warrior - being published for the series' tenth anniversary in 2018.In 2013, Bradford published the first book in his Bodyguard series, Hostage. The first book involves a young teenage bodyguard Connor Reeves assigned to protect the daughter of the US President. Note: in the US, the series is split into episodes i.e. book 1 HOSTAGE (UK edition) equals book 1 RECRUIT and book 2 HOSTAGE (USA editions).\nThe second book, Ransom, was a Top Ten bestseller in the UK and followed Connor on a mission protecting twin daughters on a super-luxury yacht against Somali pirates. At an event in Abingdon in 2013, Bradford revealed that there are six books planned in the series, with an overarching conspiracy hinted at in the first book.\nBradford has also written a number of books on the music business, including the critically acclaimed Heart & Soul: Revealing the Craft of Songwriting (Sanctuary, 2005).\nHe regularly visits schools promoting literacy and giving martial arts demonstrations to students.", "Q72038": "Louis Aloysius, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein (German: Ludwig Aloysius Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein) (August 18, 1765 \u2013 May 30, 1829) was a German prince and Marshal of France. He commanded a division of Austrian soldiers in the 1809 and 1814 campaigns during the Napoleonic Wars.", "Q4805789": "Ashok Soota (born 12 November 1942) is an Indian IT entrepreneur who served for more than 30 years in the IT industry. He is a serial entrepreneur and the executive chairman and co-founder of Happiest Minds Technologies\n\n", "Q1933397": "Michael \"Mike\" Moran (born 4 March 1948 Leeds, West Yorkshire, England) is a musician, songwriter and record producer.", "Q99927": "Katharina Jacob (March 6, 1907 \u2013 August 23, 1989) was a teacher and member of the German Resistance movement against National Socialism. She was married to Franz Jacob, a German Resistance fighter who was executed by the Nazis.\n\n", "Q573881": "The Basilica di San Lorenzo (Basilica of St Lawrence) is one of the largest churches of Florence, Italy, situated at the centre of the city\u2019s main market district, and the burial place of all the principal members of the Medici family from Cosimo il Vecchio to Cosimo III. It is one of several churches that claim to be the oldest in Florence, having been consecrated in 393, at which time it stood outside the city walls. For three hundred years it was the city's cathedral before the official seat of the bishop was transferred to Santa Reparata. \nSan Lorenzo was the parish church of the Medici family. In 1419, Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici offered to finance a new church to replace the 11th-century Romanesque rebuilding. Filippo Brunelleschi, the leading Renaissance architect of the first half of the 15th century, was commissioned to design it, but the building, with alterations, was not completed until after his death. The church is part of a larger monastic complex that contains other important architectural and artistic works: the Old Sacristy by Brunelleschi, with interior decoration and sculpture by Donatello; the Laurentian Library by Michelangelo; the New Sacristy based on Michelangelo's designs; and the Medici Chapels by Matteo Nigetti.", "Q1672088": "Moses the Lawgiver, transmitted in 1973 and 1974, is a 6-hour Italian / British television miniseries which starred Burt Lancaster as Moses. It was an ITC/RAI co-production, filmed in Rome and on location in Israel and Morocco.\nMany of the writers, cast members, and crew members of Moses the Lawgiver contributed to another Biblical coproduction by ITC/RAI--the ambitious miniseries Jesus of Nazareth, which was transmitted three years later, in 1977.", "Q100440": "Larry Martin Hagman (September 21, 1931 \u2013 November 23, 2012) was an American film and television actor, director and producer best known for playing ruthless oil baron J.R. Ewing in the 1978-91 primetime television soap opera Dallas and befuddled astronaut Major Anthony \"Tony\" Nelson in the 1965-70 sitcom I Dream of Jeannie. Hagman had supporting roles in numerous films, including Fail-Safe, Harry and Tonto, S.O.B., Nixon and Primary Colors. His television appearances also included guest roles on dozens of shows spanning from the late 1950s until his death and a reprise of his signature role on the 2012 revival of Dallas. Hagman also worked as a television producer and director. He was the son of actress Mary Martin. Hagman underwent a life-saving liver transplant in 1995. He died on November 23, 2012, from complications of acute myeloid leukemia.\n\n", "Q184998": "Kaposv\u00e1r (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u0252po\u0283va\u02d0r]; German: Ruppertsburg; see also other alternative names) is a city in the southwestern part of Hungary, south from the Lake Balaton. It is one of the leading cities of Transdanubia and it is the capital of Somogy County as well as the seat of Kaposv\u00e1r District and of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kaposv\u00e1r.", "Q202589": "Cillian Murphy (; born 25 May 1976) is an Irish actor. He began his career performing as a rock musician. After turning down a record deal, he began his acting career in theater, and in short and independent films in the late 1990s. His first notable roles were in films such as 28 Days Later (2002), Cold Mountain (2003), Intermission (2003), Red Eye (2005) and Breakfast on Pluto (2005), for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy and won an Irish Film and Television Award for Best Actor. Murphy played the character of Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow in the Batman films of The Dark Knight Trilogy (2005\u20132012). In the mid-late 2000s, he starred in films such as The Wind That Shakes the Barley (2006), Sunshine (2007), The Edge of Love (2008), Inception (2010), and Peacock (2010).\nIn 2011, Murphy won the Irish Times Theatre Award for Best Actor and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance for Misterman. He also became patron of the UNESCO Child and Family Research Centre at the National University of Ireland Galway. He is closely associated with the work of Professor Pat Dolan, Director UCFRC and UNESCO Chair in Children, Youth and Civic Engagement. In the early 2010s, he appeared in the films In Time (2011), Retreat (2011), and Red Lights (2012).\nSince 2013, Murphy has portrayed Thomas Shelby, the lead of the BBC gangster series Peaky Blinders, for which he has won two Irish Film and Television Awards for Best Actor \u2013 Drama, in 2017 and 2018 respectively. More recently, he has appeared in the films Transcendence (2014), In the Heart of the Sea (2015), Anthropoid (2016), Dunkirk (2017), Delinquent Season (2018), and Anna (2019).", "Q511962": "Marisa Masullo (born 8 May 1959) is a former Italian athlete, who mainly competed in the 100 metres and 200 metres.", "Q487914": "Pop punk (also known as punk-pop, pop punk rock or pop-punk) is an alternative rock genre that combines uptempo punk rock moods with power pop harmonies. Fast tempos, prominent electric guitars with distortion, and power chord changes are typically played under pop-influenced melodies and vocal styles with lighthearted lyrical themes including boredom, rebellion and teenage romance.\nIn the United States, pop punk began to grow in popularity in the mid-to-late 1980s and early 1990s. In the mid-1990s, punk rock broke into the mainstream with the success of Green Day and the Offspring. During this time, these bands sold millions of records and received extensive radio and television airplay. In the 2000s, emo pop, a genre that combines emo with pop punk, became one of the most mainstream genres of rock. Since the 2010s, pop punk's mainstream popularity has declined.", "Q1661792": "Richard Salwitz (born May 13, 1945), known as Magic Dick, is an American musician, noted for playing the harmonica for the J. Geils Band. In addition to the harmonica, Salwitz plays the trumpet (the first instrument he learned) and saxophone.", "Q78273": "Johannes Christoph Andreas Zahn (1 August 1817 in Eschenbach/Pegnitz \u2013 17 February 1895 in Neuendettelsau) was a German theologian and musicologist best known for his opus Die Melodien der deutschen evangelischen Kirchenlieder, a critical anthology of almost 9000 hymn melodies developed and used in German Lutheran churches.", "Q125830": "Stephen Orgel is Professor of English at Stanford University. Best known as a scholar of Shakespeare, Orgel writes primarily about the political and historical context of Renaissance literature.Orgel received his B.A. from Columbia University in 1954 and his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1959. He has taught at Stanford since 1985", "Q849158": "The Green Party of the United States (GPUS) is a federation of Green state political parties in the United States. The party promotes green politics, specifically environmentalism; nonviolence; social justice; participatory, grassroots democracy; gender equality; LGBTQ rights; anti-war; anti-racism and ecosocialism.\nThe GPUS was founded in 2001 as the Association of State Green Parties (ASGP) split from the Greens/Green Party USA (G/GPUSA). After its founding, the GPUS soon became the primary national green organization in the country, eclipsing the G/GPUSA, which was formed in 1991 out of the Green Committees of Correspondence (CoC), a collection of local green groups active since 1984. The ASGP, which formed in 1996, had increasingly distanced itself from the G/GPUSA in the late 1990s.The Greens gained widespread public attention during the 2000 presidential election, when the ticket composed of Ralph Nader and Winona LaDuke won 2.7% of the popular vote. Nader was vilified by many Democrats, who accused him of spoiling the election for Al Gore, the Democratic candidate. Nader maintains that he was not a spoiler in the 2000 election.", "Q393": "Szczecin (UK: SHCHETCH-in, US: -\u2060een, shchet-SEEN, Polish: [\u02c8\u0282t\u0361\u0282\u025bt\u0361\u0255in] (listen); German: Stettin [\u0283t\u025b\u02c8ti\u02d0n] (listen); Swedish: Stettin [st\u025b\u02c8ti\u02d0n]; known also by other alternative names) is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major seaport and Poland's seventh-largest city. As of December 2018, the population was 402,465.Szczecin is located on the Oder, south of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Bay of Pomerania. The city is situated along the southwestern shore of D\u0105bie Lake, on both sides of the Oder and on several large islands between the western and eastern branches of the river. Szczecin is adjacent to the town of Police and is the urban centre of the Szczecin agglomeration, an extended metropolitan area that includes communities in the German states of Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.\nThe city's recorded history began in the 8th century as a Slavic Pomeranian stronghold, built at the site of the Ducal castle. In the 12th century, when Szczecin had become one of Pomerania's main urban centres, it lost its independence to Piast Poland, the Duchy of Saxony, the Holy Roman Empire and Denmark, and became completely German speaking by the 14th century. At the same time, the House of Griffins established themselves as local rulers and the population was Christianized. After the Treaty of Stettin in 1630, the town came under the control of the Swedish Empire and became in 1648 the Capital of Swedish Pomerania until 1720, when it was acquired by the Kingdom of Prussia and then the German Empire. Following World War II Stettin became part of Poland in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, resulting in the almost complete expulsion of the pre-war population.\nSzczecin is the administrative and industrial centre of West Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the site of the University of Szczecin, Pomeranian Medical University, Maritime University, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Art Academy, and the see of the Szczecin-Kamie\u0144 Catholic Archdiocese. From 1999 onwards, Szczecin has served as the site of the headquarters of NATO's Multinational Corps Northeast.\nSzczecin was a candidate for the European Capital of Culture in 2016.", "Q114435": "A Night in the Life of Jimmy Reardon, also known as Aren't You Even Gonna Kiss Me Goodbye?, is a 1988 American coming of age drama film written and directed by William Richert and starring River Phoenix, Ann Magnuson, Meredith Salenger, Matthew Perry, Ione Skye, and Louanne. It is based upon the novel Aren't You Even Gonna Kiss Me Goodbye?, also by William Richert. The story centers on a high school graduate who must decide if he wants to go to business school at the request of his father, or go his own way and find a full-time job, while also deciding on who he wants to be in life and if he should leave his house.\nA Night in the Life of Jimmy Reardon was filmed in 1986 and released in early 1988. The released film deviates considerably from the original director's cut, which is now available under the title Aren't You Even Gonna Kiss Me Goodbye?.", "Q227721": "Pope Marinus I (; died 15 May 884) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 882 until his death. Controversially at the time, he was already a bishop when he became pope, and had served as papal legate to Constantinople.\n\n", "Q122187": "Jacques Feyder (French: [f\u025b.d\u025b\u0281]; 21 July 1885 \u2013 24 May 1948) was a Belgian actor, screenwriter and film director who worked principally in France, but also in the US, Britain and Germany. He was a director of silent films during the 1920s, and in the 1930s he became associated with the style of poetic realism in French cinema. He adopted French nationality in 1928.", "Q540293": "Marcelo Ra\u00fal \u00c1lvarez (born February 27, 1962) is an Argentine lyric tenor who achieved international success starting in the mid-1990s.\n\u00c1lvarez travels widely, performing with top singers in major opera houses and concert halls around the world. Since the beginning of his career in 1994, he has maintained an active touring schedule and debuted in 34 roles. In addition to his opera and solo recordings, he has made an album honoring the popular songs of Latin American tango legend Carlos Gardel, as well as an album of classical duets with Salvatore Licitra. He has won notable awards for vocal performance and is considered one of the top tenors of his generation, receiving high acclaim for his passionate yet refined delivery in bel canto roles, French opera, and as of 2006, more dramatic lirico pieno (full lyric) and spinto roles.\nHe lives with his wife and son near Milan, Italy.", "Q375073": "Maniac is a 1980 American psychological slasher film directed by William Lustig and written by C. A. Rosenberg. It stars Joe Spinell as Frank Zito, an Italian-American serial killer residing in New York City who murders and scalps young women. Spinell was also co-writer of the film.\nWith a minuscule budget, many scenes in the film were shot guerrilla style. Originally considered an exploitation film, Maniac has since attained a cult following despite receiving polarized reviews and being released in limited theaters by Analysis Film Releasing Corp. The film was remade in 2012 by director Franck Khalfoun and produced by Alexandre Aja, starring Elijah Wood in the lead role.\nWhile not prosecuted for obscenity nor officially listed as a video nasty, Maniac was seized by various police forces across Greater Manchester and Lancashire during the video nasty panic, presumably based on the film's notorious reputation overseas.", "Q3431770": "Jens Carl Peter Brandt (20 June 1848 \u2013 10 August 1912) was a Norwegian lawyer, property owner and politician with the Conservative Party.\n\nHe was born on the Froen farm of Frogn parish (Froen g\u00e5rd i Frogn) in Akershus, Norway. He was the son of Captain Ole Peter Brandt (1793-1875) and his second wife Mathilde Kristine Brandt. Members of this family still own this property.He finished his secondary education in 1865 and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1869. He then worked six years as an attorney, before taking over his family manor in 1875. In addition to a farm, the estate had a mill, a sawmill, a planing mill and a brickworks. He was also among the co-founders of the local savings bank, Frogn sparebank, in 1884 and was chairman of the board.Brandt was a member of Frogn municipal council from 1884 to 1912, serving as mayor from 1884 to 1895. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1900 and 1903, representing the constituency of Akershus Amt. Brandt was also a deputy member of the Norwegian Nobel Committee. He died in August 1912.", "Q61722": "Erich M\u00fchsam (6 April 1878 \u2013 10 July 1934) was a German-Jewish antimilitarist anarchist essayist, poet and playwright. He emerged at the end of World War I as one of the leading agitators for a federated Bavarian Soviet Republic, for which he served 5 years in prison.\nAlso a cabaret performer, he achieved international prominence during the years of the Weimar Republic for works which, before Hitler came to power in 1933, condemned Nazism and satirized the future dictator. M\u00fchsam was murdered in the Oranienburg concentration camp in 1934.", "Q5383": "David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 \u2013 10 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie ( BOH-ee), was an English singer-songwriter and actor. He was a leading figure in the music industry and is considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century. He was acclaimed by critics and musicians, particularly for his innovative work during the 1970s. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, with his music and stagecraft having a significant impact on popular music. During his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at over 100 million records worldwide, made him one of the world's best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded ten platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, and released eleven number-one albums. In the US, he received five platinum and nine gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996.\nBorn in Brixton, South London, Bowie developed an interest in music as a child, eventually studying art, music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963. \"Space Oddity\" became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969. After a period of experimentation, he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust. The character was spearheaded by the success of his single \"Starman\" and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, which won him widespread popularity. In 1975, Bowie's style shifted radically towards a sound he characterised as \"plastic soul\", initially alienating many of his UK devotees but garnering him his first major US crossover success with the number-one single \"Fame\" and the album Young Americans. In 1976, Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth, directed by Nicolas Roeg, and released Station to Station. The following year, he further confounded musical expectations with the electronic-inflected album Low (1977), the first of three collaborations with Brian Eno that came to be known as the \"Berlin Trilogy\". \"Heroes\" (1977) and Lodger (1979) followed; each album reached the UK top five and received lasting critical praise.\nAfter uneven commercial success in the late 1970s, Bowie had UK number ones with the 1980 single \"Ashes to Ashes\", its parent album Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps), and \"Under Pressure\", a 1981 collaboration with Queen. He reached his commercial peak in 1983 with Let's Dance; the album's title track topped both UK and US charts. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie continued to experiment with musical styles, including industrial and jungle. He also continued acting; his roles included Major Jack Celliers in Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence (1983), Jareth the Goblin King in Labyrinth (1986), Pontius Pilate in The Last Temptation of Christ (1988), and Nikola Tesla in The Prestige (2006), among other film and television appearances and cameos. He stopped touring after 2004 and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006. In 2013, Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with The Next Day. He remained musically active until he died of liver cancer at his home in New York City, two days after his 69th birthday and the release of his final album, Blackstar (2016).", "Q675290": "David Hill (born 1942) is a New Zealand author, especially well known for his young adult fiction. His young fiction books See Ya, Simon (1992) and Right Where It Hurts (2001) have been shortlisted for numerous awards. He is also a prolific journalist, writing many articles for The New Zealand Herald.", "Q935291": "Peter Cooper (February 12, 1791 \u2013 April 4, 1883) was an American industrialist, inventor, philanthropist, and politician. He designed and built the first American steam locomotive, the Tom Thumb, founded the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, and served as the Greenback Party's candidate in the 1876 presidential election.\nCooper began tinkering at a young age while working in various positions in New York City. He purchased a glue factory in 1821 and used that factory's profits to found the Canton Iron Works, where he earned even larger profits by assembling the Tom Thumb. Cooper's success as a businessman and inventor continued over the ensuing decades, and he became the first mill operator to successfully use anthracite coal to puddle iron. He also developed numerous patents for products such as gelatin and participated in the laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable.\nDuring the Gilded Age, Cooper became an ardent critic of the gold standard and the debt-based monetary system of bank currency, advocating instead for government-issued banknotes. Cooper was nominated for president at the 1876 Greenback National Convention, and the Greenback ticket of Cooper and Samuel Fenton Cary won just under one percent of the popular vote in the 1876 general election. His son, Edward Cooper, and his son-in-law, Abram Hewitt, both served as Mayor of New York City.\n\n", "Q741647": "Philippe Boesmans (born 17 May 1936) is a Belgian composer.", "Q365506": "Henry Justin Allen (September 11, 1868 \u2013 January 17, 1950) was the 21st Governor of Kansas (1919\u20131923) and U.S. Senator from Kansas (1929\u201330).", "Q529543": "James J. Mulva (born 1946) is the former chairman and chief executive officer of ConocoPhillips. As announced on July 14, 2011, Mulva retired upon completion of the separation of ConocoPhillips into two stand-alone publicly traded companies.", "Q153018": "Maximilian Schell (8 December 1930 \u2013 1 February 2014) was an Austrian-born Swiss film and stage actor, who also wrote, directed and produced some of his own films. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for the 1961 American film Judgment at Nuremberg, his second acting role in Hollywood. Born in Austria, his parents were involved in the arts and he grew up surrounded by acting and literature. While he was a child, his family fled to Switzerland in 1938 when Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, and they settled in Zurich. After World War II ended, Schell took up acting or directing full-time. He appeared in numerous German films, often anti-war, before moving on to Hollywood.\nSchell was top billed in a number of Nazi-era themed films, as he could speak both English and German. Among those were two films for which he received Oscar nominations: The Man in the Glass Booth (1975; best actor), where he played a character with two identities, and Julia (1977; best supporting actor), where he helps the underground in Nazi Germany.\nHis range of acting went beyond German characters, however; and during his career, he also played personalities as diverse as Venezuelan leader Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar, Russian emperor Peter the Great, and physicist Albert Einstein. For his role as Vladimir Lenin in the television film Stalin (1992) he won the Golden Globe Award. On stage, Schell acted in a number of plays, and his was considered \"one of the greatest Hamlets ever.\"\nIn Schell's private life, he was an accomplished pianist and conductor, performing with Claudio Abbado and Leonard Bernstein, and with orchestras in Berlin and Vienna. His elder sister, Maria Schell, was also a noted Hollywood actress, about whom he produced the documentary My Sister Maria, in 2002.\n\n", "Q278543": "Alfred Bertram Guthrie Jr. (January 13, 1901 \u2013 April 26, 1991) was an American novelist, screenwriter, historian, and literary historian known for writing western stories. His novel The Way West won the 1950 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and his screenplay for Shane (1953) was nominated for an Academy Award.", "Q68706": "Ligni\u00e8res is a municipality in the district of Neuch\u00e2tel in the Swiss canton of Neuch\u00e2tel.", "Q152306": "Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (Swedish pronunciation: [k\u0251\u02d0\u026d \u02c8\u0261\u0275\u0302s\u02d0tav \u02c8\u011b\u02d0m\u026al \u02c8m\u00e2n\u02d0\u025br\u02cchejm] (listen); 4 June 1867 \u2013 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military leader and statesman. Mannerheim served as the military leader of the Whites in the Finnish Civil War, Regent of Finland (1918\u20131919), commander-in-chief of Finland's defence forces during World War II, Marshal of Finland, and the sixth president of Finland (1944\u20131946).\nMannerheim made a career in the Imperial Russian Army, rising to the rank of lieutenant general. He also had a prominent place in the ceremonies for Tsar Nicholas II's coronation and later had several private meetings with the Tsar. After the Bolshevik revolution, Finland declared its independence but was soon embroiled in civil war between the pro-Bolshevik \"Reds\" and the \"Whites\", who were the troops of the Senate of Finland, supported by troops of the German Empire. Mannerheim was appointed the military chief of the Whites. Twenty years later, when Finland was twice at war with the Soviet Union from November 1939 until September 1944, Mannerheim successfully led the defence of Finland as commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces. In 1944, when the prospect of Germany's defeat in World War II became clear, Mannerheim was elected President of Finland and oversaw peace negotiations with the Soviet Union and the UK. He resigned the presidency in 1946 and died in 1951.\nIn a Finnish survey 53 years after his death, Mannerheim was voted the greatest Finn of all time. Given the broad recognition in Finland and elsewhere of his unparalleled role in establishing and later preserving Finland's independence from the Soviet Union, Mannerheim has long been referred to as the father of modern Finland, and the Finnish capital Helsinki's Mannerheim Museum memorializing the leader's life and times has been called \"the closest thing there is to a [Finnish] national shrine\". In addition, he is the only Finn to have held the rank of field marshal, an honorary rank bestowed upon especially distinguished generals.", "Q249946": "\u00c1g\u00fasta Eva Erlendsd\u00f3ttir (pronounced [\u02c8au\u02d0kusta \u02c8\u025b\u02d0va \u02c8\u025brl\u025bnts\u02cctou\u02b0t\u026ar\u0325]; born 28 July 1982) is an Icelandic singer and actress. She was a member of the bands Kritikal Mazz and Ske, and in 2005 began her solo career. She is best known for her portrayal of the controversial character Silv\u00eda Night. She studied acting in \u00c9cole Philippe Gaulier theatre school, Paris and got the Edda Award 2005 for best TV personality of the year and for the best TV show \"Sj\u00e1umst me\u00f0 Silv\u00edu N\u00f3tt\" or \"See ya with Silvia Night\" in English.\u00c1g\u00fasta Eva was voted the sexiest woman in Iceland as her character Silvia Night by the listeners of the national radio station RUV, and herself wound up in fourth place. She played Eva Lind in the film Jar City (2006), based on the book with the same name by Arnaldur Indri\u00f0ason and directed by Baltasar Korm\u00e1kur, Audur in Country Wedding (2007) directed by Vald\u00eds \u00d3skarsd\u00f3ttir, and the young version of Bjarnfre\u00f0ur in Bjarnfre\u00f0arson (2009) directed by Ragnar Bragason. She was seen in the music video promoting the Best Party.", "Q186631": "Dorothy Adele DeBorba (March 28, 1925 \u2013 June 2, 2010) was an American child actress who was a regular in the Our Gang series of short subjects as the leading lady from 1930 to 1933.", "Q258693": "Laure Pester, professionally known as Lorie, (born May 2, 1982) is a French singer. She has sold over 8 million albums and singles worldwide as of December 2007. Her first studio album Pr\u00e8s de toi was certified triple platinum in France and she followed it with five other certified albums.\nLorie is also an actress, who lent her voice for many French versions of international movies including Stuart Little 2. She stars in the TF1 TV film De feu et de glace, and guest-starred as a Parisian model on the American soap opera The Young and the Restless. She has also launched a clothing line, \"Lorie\", only found in the Z stores in France. Her contract with Z ended in early 2009.", "Q199711": "The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, also commonly known as Soviet Tajikistan and Tajik SSR, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1929 to 1991 located in Central Asia.\nThe Tajik Republic was created on 5 December 1929 as a national entity for the Tajik people within the Soviet Union. It succeeded the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik ASSR), which had been created on 14 October 1924 as a part of the predominantly Turkic Uzbek SSR in the process of national delimitation in Soviet Central Asia. On 24 August 1990, the Tajik SSR declared sovereignty in its borders. The republic was renamed to the Republic of Tajikistan on 31 August 1991 and declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 9 September 1991.\nGeographically, at 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi), it was bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kirghizia to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan was to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor.", "Q78515": "Karl von Habsburg (Karl Thomas Robert Maria Franziskus Georg Bahnam; born 11 January 1961), also known as Karl of Austria and referred to by his ancestral titles as Archduke of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia, is an Austrian politician, the current head of the House of Habsburg respectively House of Habsburg-Lorraine, which used to rule the lands of the Holy Roman Empire, the Habsburg Monarchy, the Empire of Austria, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, and the Kingdom of Hungary as well as the Crown lands of Bohemia and Croatia by hereditary right until the end of World War I. \nKarl von Habsburg is known as such in the English-speaking world, but in Hungary he is known as Habsburg K\u00e1roly, in the Czech Republic as Karel Habsbursko-Lotrinsk\u00fd, in Croatia as Karlo Habsbur\u0161ko-Lotarin\u0161ki, in Italy as Carlo d'Asburgo-Lorena, in Spain as Carlos de Habsburgo-Lorena and in France as Charles de Habsbourg-Lorraine.\nBorn in Starnberg, Germany, in 1961, he is the son of Archduke Otto von Habsburg, Crown Prince of Austria and Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen, and the grandson of the last Austro-Hungarian emperor, Charles I. He is head and sovereign of the Austrian Order of the Golden Fleece. Von Habsburg served as a Member of the European Parliament for the Austrian People's Party 1996\u20131999. He is known as an Pro-European and advocate for the Pan-European movement. \nKarl von Habsburg has long been committed to protecting the world's cultural heritage from threats such as armed conflict and natural disasters. Habsburg vigorously advocates international humanitarian law, the right of peoples to self-determination and the protection of ethnic minorities worldwide. He has been President of the cultural protection organization Blue Shield International since 2008\n\n", "Q242813": "Ellen McLain (born December 1, 1952) is an American soprano and voice actress. She is best known for providing the voice of GLaDOS, the computer antagonist of Portal, the Combine Overwatch in Half-Life 2, and the Administrator, the announcer in Team Fortress 2. Her voice roles also include the Jaeger A.I. in Pacific Rim and The Witch in Left 4 Dead and Left 4 Dead 2.\n\n", "Q461249": "Alessandro Benetton (born 2 March 1964) is an Italian businessman.\nHe served as Chairman of the Benetton Group from April 2012 to May 2014.", "Q1344901": "Holmes Herbert (born Horace Edward Jenner; 30 July 1882 \u2013 26 December 1956) was an English character actor who appeared in Hollywood films from 1915 to 1952.", "Q63653": "Prince Alfons of Bavaria (German: Alfons Maria Franz von Assisi Klemens Max Emanuel Prinz von Bayern; 24 January 1862 \u2013 8 January 1933) was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach and a General of Cavalry.\n\n", "Q274379": "88 Fingers Louie is an American band from Chicago, Illinois, United States, which was formed in 1993.\nThey played a style of hardcore punk, melodic hardcore, and punk rock. After disbanding in 1999, guitarist Dan Wleklinski and bassist Joe Principe formed the well-known punk rock band Rise Against. The band reunited in 2009, and has continued playing shows in Chicago, Canada, Belgium, Las Vegas, and Asbury Park. The band held a 20th anniversary show in 2013. The name comes from a Flintstones gangster who sells dodgy pianos.", "Q457923": "Scott Raymond Adams (born June 8, 1957) is the creator of the Dilbert comic strip, and the author of several nonfiction works of satire, commentary, and business.\nHis Dilbert series came to national prominence through the downsizing period in 1990s America and was then distributed worldwide. Adams worked in various roles at big businesses before he became a full-time cartoonist in 1995. He writes in a satirical, often sarcastic way about the social and psychological landscape of white-collar workers in modern business corporations.", "Q88194": "Karl Ernst M\u00f6ckel (9 January 1901 \u2013 28 January 1948) was an SS-Obersturmbannf\u00fchrer (Lieutenant Colonel) and administrator at Auschwitz concentration camp. He was executed as a war criminal.\n\n", "Q321344": "Erland Josephson (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u00e6\u030c\u02d0\u026dand \u02c8j\u00fb\u02d0s\u025bf\u02ccs\u0254n]; 15 June 1923 \u2013 25 February 2012) was a Swedish actor and author. He was best known by international audiences for his work in films directed by Ingmar Bergman, Andrei Tarkovsky and Theodoros Angelopoulos.", "Q337526": "The Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (French pronunciation: \u200b[akademi dez\u203f\u025b\u0303sk\u0281ipsj\u0254\u0303 e b\u025bl l\u025bt\u0281]) is a French learned society devoted to the humanities, founded in February 1663 as one of the five academies of the Institut de France.", "Q65222": "Boswil is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.\nThe village lies in the B\u00fcnztal valley at the foot of the Lindenberg mountain. The hamlet Wissenbach and Sentenhof (a former estate of the Benedictine Muri Abbey) belong to the municipality.", "Q901134": "Ragnar Sohlman (February 26, 1870 in Stockholm \u2013 July 9, 1948 at the Karolinska hospital, Solna) was a Swedish chemical engineer, manager, civil servant, and creator of the Nobel Foundation.\n\n", "Q89705": "Wendelin Weingartner (born February 7, 1937 in Innsbruck) is an Austrian politician who served as the Governor of Tyrol from 1993 to 2002. He studied law at the University of Innsbruck, and was the Chairman of the Landes-Hypothekenbank Steiermark in 1984.\n\n", "Q52101": "Middelburg (Dutch: [\u02c8m\u026ad\u0259lb\u028frx] (listen)) is a city and municipality in the south-western Netherlands serving as the capital of the province of Zeeland. Situated on the central peninsula of the Zeeland province, Midden-Zeeland (consisting of former islands Walcheren, Noord-Beveland and Zuid-Beveland), it has a population of about 48,000.\nIn terms of technology, Middelburg played a role in the Scientific Revolution at the early modern period. The city was historically a center of lens crafting in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology. The invention of the microscope and telescope is often credited to Middelburg spectacle-makers (including Zacharias Janssen and Hans Lippershey) in the late 16th century and early 17th century.", "Q8328": "Gotcha! is a 1985 American action comedy film, starring Anthony Edwards and Linda Fiorentino and directed by Jeff Kanew, who also directed Edwards in Revenge of the Nerds in 1984.Jonathan Moore (Edwards) is a shy UCLA veterinary student and the reigning champion at \"Gotcha\", a campus-wide paintball game. While on vacation in West Germany, he is seduced by an older woman, the sexy and mysterious Sasha (Fiorentino) who turns out to be an international spy. When he returns home to Los Angeles, there is a strange canister of film in his backpack and a team of KGB agents on his back. Suddenly he is in the middle of a real life-or-death game of \"Gotcha\".", "Q715799": "Robert Thomas Bigelow (born May 12, 1945) is an American businessman. He owns the hotel chain Budget Suites of America and is the founder of Bigelow Aerospace.\n\n", "Q1198391": "Intracranial aneurysm, also known as brain aneurysm, is a cerebrovascular disorder in which weakness in the wall of a cerebral artery or vein causes a localized dilation or ballooning of the blood vessel.\nAneurysms in the posterior circulation (basilar artery, vertebral arteries and posterior communicating artery) have a higher risk of rupture. Basilar artery aneurysms represent only 3\u20135% of all intracranial aneurysms but are the most common aneurysms in the posterior circulation.", "Q722135": "Thomas Peter Shadyac (born December 11, 1958) is an American director, screenwriter, producer, and author. The youngest joke-writer ever for comedian Bob Hope, Shadyac is widely known for writing and directing the comedy films Ace Ventura: Pet Detective, The Nutty Professor, Liar Liar, Patch Adams, and Bruce Almighty. In 2010, Shadyac retired from comedic work to write, direct, and narrate his documentary film I Am, that explores his abandonment of a materialistic lifestyle following his involvement in a bicycle accident three years earlier.\nShadyac is a former professor of communication at Pepperdine University's Seaver College. In 2011, he was a participant in the Conference on World Affairs. In 2015, Shadyac began teaching film at the University of Colorado Boulder, beginning with that year's Spring semester, Shadyac now teaches film at the University of Memphis.", "Q90254": "Siegfried Ludwig (14 February 1926, Vlasatice, Czechoslovakia \u2013 16 April 2013, St. P\u00f6lten, Austria) was an Austrian politician and Governor of Lower Austria from 1981 to 1992.", "Q429966": "Dorothy Revier (born Dorothy Patricia Valerga; April 18, 1904 \u2013 November 19, 1993) was an American actress.", "Q608904": "Kim Hiorth\u00f8y (born March 17, 1973) is a Norwegian electronic musician, graphic designer, illustrator, filmmaker and writer.", "Q271956": "Nikolay Yegorovich Zhukovsky (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0415\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0416\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [\u0290\u028a\u02c8kofsk\u02b2\u026aj]; January 17 [O.S. January 5] 1847 \u2013 March 17, 1921) was a Russian scientist, mathematician and engineer, and a founding father of modern aero- and hydrodynamics. Whereas contemporary scientists scoffed at the idea of human flight, Zhukovsky was the first to undertake the study of airflow. He is often called the Father of Russian Aviation.\nThe Joukowsky transform is named after him, while the fundamental aerodynamical theorem, the Kutta\u2013Joukowski theorem, is named after both him and German mathematician Martin Kutta.", "Q172559": "Bill Whitehouse (1 April 1909 in Plumstead \u2013 14 July 1957 at Reims) was a British racing driver from England.\nBill started racing in a Cooper 500 in 1949 in 500 cc Car Club National races (later Formula 3). Several wins and top placings followed and through this he became friends with fellow car dealer Bernie Ecclestone. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 17 July 1954. He retired from the race with fuel system problems, and scored no World Championship points. He also competed in several non-Championship Formula One races.\nBill was the owner of Westmount Garage in Blendon, Bexley, Kent. This Garage was later the base for the Gemini Formula Junior Team.\nHe was killed in a Formula Two crash at the Reims Circuit driving a works car, loaned after his privately entered Cooper T39 had engine failure. Later in that race the American Herbert MacKay-Fraser was also killed.", "Q206506": "Claudine Georgette Longet (born 29 January 1941) is a French-American singer, actress, dancer, and recording artist who was popular during the 1960s and 1970s.\nBorn in Paris, France, Longet was married to American singer and television entertainer Andy Williams from 1961 until 1975. She has maintained a private profile since 1977, following her conviction for negligent homicide in connection with the death of her boyfriend, former Olympic skier Spider Sabich.", "Q105909": "Hermann Braun (November 1, 1917 \u2013 January 18 or 20, 1945) was an American-born German motion-picture actor, and the son of chamber singer Carl Braun.", "Q241895": "Morgan Griffin (born 4 June 1992) is an Australian actress. She is known for playing the role of Charlie in The Sleepover Club. Her other notable roles include Heidi in September (2007), Alice in Nim's Island (2008), Katrina Post in Accidents Happen (2009) and Jess in Charlie & Boots (2009). In 2015, Griffin appeared in director Brad Peyton's disaster film San Andreas. Griffin's debut was in the role of a young daughter of a father dying from emphysema in an anti-smoking public service announcement filmed when she was ten in 2002.", "Q1329086": "Takahisa Masuda (\u5897\u7530 \u8cb4\u4e45, Masuda Takahisa, born 4 July 1986) is an entertainer from Johnny's Entertainment.\n\n", "Q720722": "Chad Lamont Butler (December 29, 1973 \u2013 December 4, 2007), better known by his stage name Pimp C, was an American rapper and record producer. He was best known for his work with Bun B as a founding member of the Underground Kingz (UGK).\nSigning to Jive Records in 1992, UGK released their major-label debut album Too Hard to Swallow to positive reviews. The group followed this with their second and third major label albums Super Tight in 1994 and Ridin' Dirty in 1996, both of which charted in the Billboard 200 and received critical acclaim. The group received national attention in 2000 after being featured on Jay-Z's hit single \"Big Pimpin'\", which peaked at #18 on Billboard Hot 100 and #1 on the Rhythmic Top 40. The group went on hiatus for the first half of the 2000s after Pimp C was sentenced to eight years in prison for a probation violation, during which time both members pursued solo careers, with Pimp C releasing his solo debut, The Sweet James Jones Stories in 2005, composed of material recorded prior to his sentencing. After being released from prison in December 2005, he released his second solo album, Pimpalation the following year, and released UGK's eponymous fifth studio album in 2007, which spawned the hit single \"International Players Anthem (I Choose You)\" featuring OutKast, which peaked at #70 on the Billboard Hot 100.\nPimp C was found dead in his hotel room on December 4, 2007, with a coroner report attributing his death to complications stemming from heavy consumption of purple drank and his pre-existing condition of sleep apnea.", "Q2158383": "Peter Munk (November 8, 1927 \u2013 March 28, 2018) was a Hungarian-born Canadian businessman, investor, and philanthropist. He was the founder and chief executive officer of a number of high-profile business ventures, including the hi-fi electronics company Clairtone, real estate company Trizec Properties, and Barrick Gold, the world's largest gold-mining corporation. The Munk School of Global Affairs at the University of Toronto and the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at the Toronto General Hospital are named for him.", "Q173647": "Johnny McDowell (January 29, 1915 \u2013 June 8, 1952) was an American racecar driver from Delavan, Illinois. He died in a qualifying crash at the Milwaukee Mile the week after the 1952 Indy 500.", "Q634025": "Willem \"Wim\" Schermerhorn (17 December 1894 \u2013 10 March 1977) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) and later co-founder of the Labour Party (PvdA). He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 25 June 1945 until 3 July 1946. According to Harry W. Laidler, the government under Schermerhorn's premiership \"achieved important results in the fields of labor, finance, housing, old age pensions, and the social services.\"", "Q210364": "Shutter Island is a 2010 American neo-noir psychological thriller film directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Laeta Kalogridis, based on Dennis Lehane's 2003 novel of the same name. Leonardo DiCaprio stars as U.S. Marshal Edward \"Teddy\" Daniels, who is investigating a psychiatric facility on Shutter Island after one of the patients goes missing. Mark Ruffalo plays his partner officer; Ben Kingsley is the facility's lead psychiatrist; Max von Sydow is a German doctor; and Michelle Williams is Daniels's wife. Released on February 19, 2010, the film received mostly positive reviews from critics, was chosen by National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2010, and grossed over $294 million worldwide.\nThe film is also noteworthy for its soundtrack using classical (Gustav Mahler) and mainly modern classical music by composers such as Krzysztof Penderecki, Gy\u00f6rgy Ligeti, John Cage, Ingram Marshall, and Max Richter.\n\n", "Q49247": "Anaheim () is a city in Orange County, California, part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 336,265, making it the most populous city in Orange County and the 10th-most populous city in California. Anaheim is the second-largest city in Orange County in terms of land area, and is known for being the home of the Disneyland Resort, the Anaheim Convention Center, and two major sports teams: the Anaheim Ducks ice hockey club and the Los Angeles Angels baseball team.\nAnaheim was founded by fifty German families in 1857 and incorporated as the second city in Los Angeles County on March 18, 1876; Orange County was split off from Los Angeles County in 1889. Anaheim remained largely an agricultural community until Disneyland opened in 1955. This led to the construction of several hotels and motels around the area, and residential districts in Anaheim soon followed. The city also developed into an industrial center, producing electronics, aircraft parts and canned fruit. Anaheim is a charter city.Anaheim's city limits extend almost the full width of Orange County, from Cypress in the west, twenty miles east to the Riverside County line in the east, encompass a diverse range of neighborhoods. In the west, mid-20th-century tract houses predominate. Downtown Anaheim has three mixed-use historic districts, the largest of which is the Anaheim Colony. South of downtown, a center of commercial activity of regional importance begins, the Anaheim\u2013Santa Ana edge city, which stretches east and south into the cities of Orange, Santa Ana and Garden Grove. This edge city includes the Disneyland Resort, with two theme parks, multiple hotels, and retail district; Disney is part of the larger Anaheim Resort district with numerous other hotels and retail complexes. The Platinum Triangle, a neo-urban redevelopment district surrounding Angel Stadium, which is planned to be populated with mixed-use streets and high-rises. Further east, Anaheim Canyon is an industrial district north of the Riverside Freeway and east of the Orange Freeway. The city's eastern third consists of Anaheim Hills, a community built to a master plan, and open land east of the 241 tollway.", "Q69197": "Georg Dertinger (25 December 1902 \u2013 21 January 1968) was a German politician from the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).\nHe was born in Berlin into a middle-class Protestant family. Dertinger briefly studied law and economics. After his study he became a journalist and later editor for the Magdeburger Volkszeitung and the nationalistic newspaper Der Stahlhelm. He broke with the Stahlhelm because of its rigid right-wing philosophy. He sympathized with the German National People's Party, a right-wing nationalist party.\nDertinger later became a member of the political circle around Chancellor Franz von Papen. He accompanied Papen to Rome as a journalist, a representative for the Hamburger Nachrichten, for the signature of the Concordat between Germany and the Holy See, shortly after Hitler became Chancellor.\nIn 1934 Dertinger returned to Berlin and became publisher of Dienst aus Deutschland, a news agency that provided news to foreign newspapers.\nAfter World War II Dertinger co-founded the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) in the SBZ (Soviet Occupied Zone) of Germany. From 1946 to 1949 he was General Secretary of the East-German CDU and from 1949 to 1953 Vice-Chairman of the party. He supported the official line of co-operation with the Socialist Unity Party and opposed the more independent-minded party chairman Jakob Kaiser, whom he had deposed in December, 1947. \nDertinger also joined the Cultural Association of the DDR (Kulturbund) and was a member of the Cultural Association's Presidential Council.\nOn 11 October 1949 he became East Germany's first Minister of Foreign Affairs in Otto Grotewohl's cabinet and in 1950 he signed the Oder-Neisse Treaty with Poland, that arranged the borderline between East Germany and the Polish People's Republic.\nOn 15 January 1953 Dertinger was arrested and in 1954 he was tried on a show trial for espionage, found guilty and sentenced to hard labor (15 years). In 1964 he was given amnesty. The years before his death he worked for the Roman Catholic St. Benno publishing house.", "Q46174": "Sk\u00e1lm\u00f6ld (pronounced [\u02c8skau\u032flm\u0153lt]) is a Viking / folk metal band from Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland, formed in August 2009. The band's name is literally translated as Age of Swords and also means \"lawlessness\", referring to the Age of the Sturlungs of Icelandic history, when a civil war broke out between the country's family clans.", "Q1607826": "Editing is the process of selecting and preparing writing, photography, visual, audible, and film media used to convey information. The editing process can involve correction, condensation, organization, and many other modifications performed with an intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate and complete work.The editing process often begins with the author's idea for the work itself, continuing as a collaboration between the author and the editor as the work is created. Editing can involve creative skills, human relations and a precise set of methods.\n\nThere are various editorial positions in publishing. Typically, one finds editorial assistants reporting to the senior-level editorial staff and directors who report to senior executive editors. Senior executive editors are responsible for developing a product for its final release. The smaller the publication, the more these roles overlap.\nThe top editor at many publications may be known as the chief editor, executive editor, or simply the editor. A frequent and highly regarded contributor to a magazine may acquire the title of editor-at-large or contributing editor. Mid-level newspaper editors often manage or help to manage sections, such as business, sports and features. In U.S. newspapers, the level below the top editor is usually the managing editor.\nIn the book publishing industry, editors may organize anthologies and other compilations, produce definitive editions of a classic author's works (scholarly editor), and organize and manage contributions to a multi-author book (symposium editor or volume editor). Obtaining manuscripts or recruiting authors is the role of an acquisitions editor or a commissioning editor in a publishing house. Finding marketable ideas and presenting them to appropriate authors are the responsibilities of a sponsoring editor.\nCopy editors correct spelling, grammar and align writings to house style. Changes to the publishing industry since the 1980s have resulted in nearly all copy editing of book manuscripts being outsourced to freelance copy editors.At newspapers and wire services, copy editors write headlines and work on more substantive issues, such as ensuring accuracy, fairness, and taste. In some positions, they design pages and select news stories for inclusion. At U.K. and Australian newspapers, the term is sub-editor. They may choose the layout of the publication and communicate with the printer. These editors may have the title of layout or design editor or (more so in the past) makeup editor.", "Q153597": "Lee Tae-min (born July 18, 1993), better known by the mononym Taemin, is a South Korean singer, actor, dancer and songwriter. He debuted at age 14 as a vocalist with the group Shinee in May 2008, and has since gone on to become one of the best-selling artists in Korea. He began his acting career in 2009 with MBC's comedy Tae-Hee, Hye-Kyo, Ji-Hyun as Junsu. He is also a member of SM Entertainment supergroup, SuperM.\nTaemin began his solo career in 2014 with his first extended play, Ace. It peaked at number one on South Korea's Gaon Album Chart and its title track reached number 5 on the Gaon Weekly Digital Chart. His first studio album, Press It (2016), charted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart. The title track, \"Press Your Number\", was originally written by Bruno Mars but Taemin wrote new lyrics for the song in order to appeal to the Korean market. In July, 2016, Taemin released his second extended play, Solitary Goodbye, and made his solo debut in Japan.\nIn 2017, Taemin released his second full Korean album, Move; the title track gained attention thanks to its distinctive choreography. Move-ing, the repackaged album, followed on December 10, 2017 with the self-written \"Day and Night\" as the title track. In 2018, Taemin released his first full Japanese album, Taemin, which coincided with his first hall tour in Japan. In February 2019, Taemin released his second Korean mini album, Want, with a title track of the same name.", "Q557260": "Walter E. Wellman (November 3, 1858 \u2013 January 31, 1934) was an American journalist, explorer, and a\u00ebronaut.", "Q1581351": "Hans Michael Beuerle (15 June 1941 \u2013 15 January 2015) was a German choir- and orchestra director.", "Q2300622": "The Independent Republicans (French: R\u00e9publicains Ind\u00e9pendants, RI) were a liberal-conservative political group in France founded in 1962, which became a political party in 1966 known as the National Federation of the Independent Republicans (F\u00e9d\u00e9ration nationale des r\u00e9publicains et ind\u00e9pendants, FNRI). Its leader was Val\u00e9ry Giscard d'Estaing.\nIn 1977 it became the Republican Party which joined the Union for French Democracy (UDF) the following year. Eventually, through Liberal Democracy, the Republicans joined the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) in 2002.", "Q78924": "Bernhard Wicki (28 October 1919 \u2013 3 January 2000) was an Austrian actor and film director.", "Q125367": "Carbon monoxide poisoning typically occurs from breathing in carbon monoxide (CO) at excessive levels. Symptoms are often described as \"flu-like\" and commonly include headache, dizziness, weakness, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. Large exposures can result in loss of consciousness, arrhythmias, seizures, or death. The classically described \"cherry red skin\" rarely occurs. Long term complications may include feeling tired, trouble with memory, and movement problems. In those exposed to smoke, cyanide toxicity should also be considered.Carbon monoxide poisoning can occur accidentally, as an attempt to end one's own life, or as an attempt to end another's life. CO is a colorless and odorless gas which is initially non-irritating. It is produced during incomplete burning of organic matter. This can occur from motor vehicles, heaters, or cooking equipment that run on carbon-based fuels. It can also occur from exposure to methylene chloride. Carbon monoxide primarily causes adverse effects by combining with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) preventing the blood from carrying oxygen. Additionally, myoglobin and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase are affected. Diagnosis is based on a HbCO level of more than 3% among nonsmokers and more than 10% among smokers.Efforts to prevent poisoning include carbon monoxide detectors, proper venting of gas appliances, keeping chimneys clean, and keeping exhaust systems of vehicles in good repair. Treatment of poisoning generally consists of giving 100% oxygen along with supportive care. This should generally be carried out until symptoms are no longer present and the HbCO level is less than 10%. While hyperbaric oxygen therapy is used for severe poisonings, the benefit over standard oxygen delivery is unclear. The risk of death among those affected is between 1 and 30%.Carbon monoxide poisoning is relatively common, resulting in more than 20,000 emergency room visits a year in the United States. It is the most common type of fatal poisoning in many countries. In the United States, non-fire related cases result in more than 400 deaths a year. Poisonings occur more often in the winter, particularly from the use of portable generators during power outages. The toxic effects of CO have been known since ancient history. The discovery that hemoglobin is affected by CO was made in 1857.", "Q443567": "Jill Gascoine (born 11 April 1937) is an English actress and novelist. She is best known for her role as Detective Inspector Maggie Forbes in the 1980s television series The Gentle Touch and its spin-off series C.A.T.S. Eyes. In the 1990s, she also became a novelist and published three books.\n\n", "Q200611": "Meredith Hope Eaton (sometimes credited as Meredith Eaton-Gilden; born August 26, 1974) is an American actress. She is 4 feet (1.2 m) tall and refers to herself as a \"short-stature actress\". She is known for portraying the attorney Emily Resnick on the CBS television series Family Law (in which she was the first female dwarf to fill a regular role in an American prime time series), for her recurring role as Bethany Horowitz on the ABC series Boston Legal, and for her lead role as Matilda \"Matty\" Webber on the CBS series MacGyver.", "Q292373": "Barbara Ann Mandrell (born December 25, 1948) is an American country music singer, musician, and actress. She is known for a long series of country hits in the 1970s and 1980s as well as her own prime-time variety TV show on NBC that helped her become one of country's most successful female vocalists of that period. She gave her last concert at the Grand Ole Opry House on October 23, 1997, and subsequently retired from performing music. Mandrell was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2009. Mandrell was also inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2016. Although retired, Mandrell is still a member of the Grand Ole Opry; an honor she has held since 1972.Mandrell has won two Grammy Awards, seven American Music Awards, four Academy of Country Music Awards and four Country Music Association Awards. She was the first performer to win the Country Music Association Award for Entertainer of the Year twice (1980, 1981), having also won the Academy of Country Music Award for Entertainer of the Year in 1980.\nMandrell's first Billboard number-one hit was 1978's \"Sleeping Single in a Double Bed\", immediately followed by \"(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right\" in early 1979. In 1980, \"Years\" also reached number one. She added one more chart topper in each of the next three years. \"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool\" (her signature song), then \"'Till You're Gone\" and \"One of a Kind Pair of Fools\", all hit number one between 1981 and 1983, a period during which Mandrell also received numerous industry awards and accolades.", "Q885977": "Bluebird Records is a record label best known for its low-cost releases, primarily of blues and jazz in the 1930s and 1940s. It was founded in 1932 as a lower-priced RCA Victor subsidiary label. Bluebird became known for what came to be known as the \"Bluebird sound\", which influenced rhythm and blues and early rock and roll.", "Q251338": "Juli\u00e1n Juder\u00edas y Loyot (September 16, 1877 \u2013 June 19, 1918) was a Spanish historian, sociologist, literary critic, journalist, translator and interpreter.", "Q40263": "John G. \"Jay\" Grdina (born October 11, 1967) is an American businessman and former pornographic actor. His family originates from Croatia. He is often credited under the stage name Justin Sterling.", "Q69829": "The French Fourth Republic (French: La Quatri\u00e8me R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise) was the republican government of France between 1946 and 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution. It was in many ways a revival of the Third Republic that was in place from 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War to 1940 during World War II, and suffered many of the same problems. France adopted the constitution of the Fourth Republic on 13 October 1946.\nDespite the political dysfunction, the Fourth Republic saw an era of great economic growth in France and the rebuilding of the nation's social institutions and industry after World War II, through assistance the United States provided through the Marshall Plan. It also saw the beginning of the rapprochement with former longtime enemy Germany, which in turn led to Franco-German co-operation and eventually to the development of the European Union.\nSome attempts were also made to strengthen the executive branch of government to prevent the unstable situation that had existed before the war, but the instability remained and the Fourth Republic saw frequent changes in government \u2013 there were 21 administrations in its 12-year history. Moreover, the government proved unable to make effective decisions regarding decolonization of the numerous remaining French colonies. After a series of crises, most importantly the Algerian crisis of 1958, the Fourth Republic collapsed. Wartime leader Charles de Gaulle returned from retirement to preside over a transitional administration that was empowered to design a new French constitution. The Fourth Republic was dissolved by a public referendum on 5 October 1958 which established the modern-day Fifth Republic with a strengthened presidency.", "Q315208": "Noah Strausser Speer Wyle (; born June 4, 1971) is an American film, television, and theatre actor. He is known for his roles as Dr. John Carter in ER for which he was nominated five times for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and three times for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Series, Miniseries or Television Film and as Tom Mason in Falling Skies. In his film work is he best known for playing Corporal Jeffrey Barnes in A Few Good Men, Steve Jobs in the docudrama Pirates of Silicon Valley (1999), Dr. Kenneth Monnitoff in Donnie Darko (2001), and Flynn Carsen in The Librarian franchise.\nWyle was recently nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Limited Series or Movie Made for Television for The Red Line.", "Q445116": "Vincent Paul Kartheiser (born May 5, 1979) is an American actor. He played Connor on The WB television series Angel and Pete Campbell on the AMC television series Mad Men, for which he received six Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series and won twice along with the cast.", "Q1372082": "Manolo Badrena (born March 17, 1952 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a percussionist most noted for his work with Weather Report from 1976 to 1977. He has made contributions to over 100 recordings that span jazz, world music, pop, and Latin music. Badrena has played with The Zawinul Syndicate, the Rolling Stones, Mezzoforte, Joni Mitchell, Spyro Gyra, Art Blakey, Bill Evans, Steve Khan, Carla Bley, Talking Heads, Blondie, Michael Franks, Ahmad Jamal, Hugo Fattoruso, and others.\nBadrena lives in Fair View, New Jersey. He is the leader (drums, percussion, guitar, vocals) of the Latin jazz band Trio Mundo.", "Q171736": "Robert Selden Duvall (; born January 5, 1931) is an American actor and filmmaker whose career spans more than six decades. He has been nominated for seven Academy Awards (winning for his performance in Tender Mercies) and seven Golden Globe Awards (winning four), and has won a BAFTA, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and an Emmy Award. He received the National Medal of Arts in 2005. Duvall has starred in numerous films and television series, including To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), The Twilight Zone (1963), The Outer Limits (1964), Bullitt (1968), True Grit (1969), MASH (1970), THX 1138 (1971), Joe Kidd (1972), The Godfather (1972), The Godfather Part II (1974), The Conversation (1974), Network (1976), Apocalypse Now (1979), The Great Santini (1979),\nThe Natural (1984), Lonesome Dove (1989), The Handmaid's Tale (1990), Days of Thunder (1990), Rambling Rose (1991), and Falling Down (1993).\nDuvall began appearing in theater during the late 1950s, moving into television and film roles during the early 1960s, playing Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) and appearing in Captain Newman, M.D. (1963). (1970) and the lead role in THX 1138 (1971), as well as Horton Foote's adaptation of William Faulkner's Tomorrow (1972), which was developed at The Actors Studio and is Duvall's personal favorite. This was followed by a series of critically lauded performances in commercially successful films.\nDuvall has continued to act in both film and television with such productions as Tender Mercies (1983), The Natural (1984), Colors (1988), the television miniseries Lonesome Dove (1989), Stalin (1992), Newsies (1992), The Man Who Captured Eichmann (1996), Phenomenon (1996), A Family Thing (1996), The Apostle (1997), A Civil Action (1998), Deep Impact (1998), Gone in 60 Seconds (2000), Open Range (2003), Gods and Generals (2003), Secondhand Lions (2003), Broken Trail (2006), Get Low (2010), Jack Reacher (2012), A Night in Old Mexico (2014), The Judge (2014), and Wild Horses (2015).", "Q109855": "Joachim Bi\u00dfmeier (born 22 November 1936 in Bonn, Germany) is a German television actor.", "Q309621": "The Mask of Zorro is a 1998 American swashbuckler film based on the character of the masked vigilante Zorro created by Johnston McCulley. It was directed by Martin Campbell and stars Antonio Banderas, Anthony Hopkins, Catherine Zeta-Jones, and Stuart Wilson. The film features the original Zorro, Don Diego de la Vega (Hopkins), escaping from prison to find his long-lost daughter (Zeta-Jones) and avenge the death of his wife at the hands of the corrupt governor Rafael Montero (Wilson). He is aided by his successor (Banderas), who is pursuing his own vendetta against the governor's right-hand man while falling in love with de la Vega's daughter.\nProducer Steven Spielberg had initially developed the film for TriStar Pictures with directors Mikael Salomon and Robert Rodriguez, before Campbell signed on in 1996. Salomon cast Sean Connery as Don Diego de la Vega, while Rodriguez brought Banderas in the lead role. Connery dropped out and was replaced with Hopkins, and The Mask of Zorro began filming in January 1997 at Estudios Churubusco in Mexico City, Mexico. \nThe film was released in the United States on July 17, 1998 to critical and commercial success, grossing $250 million on a $95 million budget. The Legend of Zorro, a sequel also starring Banderas and Zeta-Jones and directed by Campbell, was released in 2005, but did not fare as well as its predecessor.", "Q1582880": "Hans Vestberg (born 23 June 1965) is a Swedish businessman and CEO of Verizon Communications, where he has worked as executive vice president of the company's network and technology team, and as chief technology officer. Vestberg was previously the CEO of telecommunications company Ericsson, president of the Swedish Olympic Committee, and is a former chairman of the Swedish Handball Federation.", "Q1364838": "Fredric George Lehne (born February 3, 1959) is an American actor of film, stage, and television.\nActing since 1978, he has appeared in more than 200 films, mini-series, and television episodes, as well as stage productions across the United States, from Broadway to Portland, Oregon. He is best known for his role as the demon Azazel on the long-running television show Supernatural, he also appeared as Marshal Mars on Lost, as Eddie in the original television series Dallas, and as Frank McCann on American Horror Story.\nLehne appeared in such miniseries/television movies as the original Billionaire's Boy's Club, From the Earth to the Moon and Coward Of The County. His film credits include Men in Black, Con Air, Ordinary People, Being There, Zero Dark Thirty, and The Dark Knight Rises.", "Q108593": "Joseph (von) Heine (28 November 1803 \u2013 4 November 1877) was a German physician and a high civil servant in the Bavarian health service in the Rheinkreis.", "Q202006": "Chief Olusegun Matthew Okikiola Aremu Obasanjo, GCFR, (; Yoruba: Ol\u00fa\u1e63\u1eb9\u0301gun \u1eccb\u00e1sanj\u1ecd\u0301 [ol\u00fa\u0283\u025b\u0319\u0301\u0261\u0169 \u0252\u0319b\u00e1sand\u0292\u0252\u0319\u0301]; born 5 March 1937) is a Nigerian military and political leader who served as military head of state from 1976 to 1979 and later as President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007. Ideologically a Nigerian nationalist, he was a member of the People's Democratic Party.\nBorn in the village of Ibogun-Olaogun to a farming family of the Owu branch of the Yoruba, Obasanjo was educated largely in Abeokuta. Joining the Nigerian Army, where his specialism was in engineering, he spent time assigned in the Congo, Britain, and India, rising to the rank of major. In the latter part of the 1960s, he played a major role in combating Biafran separatists in the Nigerian Civil War, accepting their surrender in 1970. In 1975, Murtala Mohammed seized power in a coup and established a military junta. After Mohammed's assassination the following year, the military appointed Obasanjo as the head of the government. Following the 1979 election, Obasanjo handed over control of Nigeria to the newly elected civilian president, Shehu Shagari. In 1993, Sani Abacha seized power in a military coup. Obasanjo became an outspoken critic of the human rights abuses taking place under Abacha's administration. In response, in 1995 Obasanjo was arrested, imprisoned, and tortured; while in prison he became a born again Christian. He was released following Abacha's death in 1998. \nEntering electoral politics, Obasanjo became the People's Democratic Party's candidate for the 1999 presidential election, which he comfortably won. He was re-elected in the 2003 election. Influenced by Pan-Africanist ideas, he was a keen supporter of the formation of the African Union and served as its chair from 2004 to 2006. Attempts to change the constitution to abolish term limits were unsuccessful and brought criticism. In retirement, he earned a PhD in theology from the National Open University of Nigeria.\nObasanjo has been described as one of the great figures of the second generation of post-colonial African leaders. He received praise both for overseeing Nigeria's transition to representative democracy in the 1970s and for his Pan-African efforts to encourage cooperation across the continent. Critics have focused on his avoidance of constitutional norms and their perception that he became too interested in power during his presidency.", "Q1481423": "Brideshead Revisited is a 1981 British television serial starring Jeremy Irons and Anthony Andrews. It was produced by Granada Television for broadcast by the ITV network. Most of the serial was directed by Charles Sturridge; a few sequences were directed by Michael Lindsay-Hogg.\nThe serial is an adaptation of the novel Brideshead Revisited (1945) by Evelyn Waugh. It follows, from the 1920s to the early 1940s, the life and romances of the protagonist Charles Ryder\u2014including his friendship with the Flytes, a family of wealthy English Catholics who live in a palatial mansion called Brideshead Castle.\nThe screenplay was written by Derek Granger (the film's producer) and others. Although the film credits attribute the screenplay to John Mortimer, Mortimer's script was not used.The 11-episode serial premiered on ITV in the UK on 12 October 1981; on CBC Television in Canada on 19 October 1981; and as part of the Great Performances series on PBS in the United States on 18 January 1982.In 2000, the serial was tenth on the list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes compiled by the British Film Institute, based on a poll of industry professionals. In 2007, the serial was listed as one of Time magazine's \"100 Best TV Shows of All-Time\". In 2010, it was second in The Guardian newspaper's list of the top 50 TV dramas of all time. In 2015, The Telegraph listed it at number 1 in its list of the greatest television adaptations, stating that \"Brideshead Revisited is television's greatest literary adaptation, bar none. It's utterly faithful to Evelyn Waugh's novel yet it's somehow more than that, too.\"", "Q177347": "Horacio Paul Picerni (December 1, 1922 \u2013 January 12, 2011) was an American actor in film and television, perhaps best known today in the role of Federal Agent Lee Hobson, second-in-command to Robert Stack's Eliot Ness, in the ABC hit television series, The Untouchables.", "Q772064": "Sir Henry Hamilton Johnston (12 June 1858 \u2013 31 July 1927), frequently known as Harry Johnston, was a British explorer, botanist, artist, colonial administrator and linguist who traveled widely in Africa and spoke many African languages. He published 40 books on African subjects and was one of the key players in the Scramble for Africa that occurred at the end of the 19th century.", "Q1551400": "Jimmy Keegan (born 3 November 1969) is an American drummer and voice actor. He has played with artists such as Santana, as the drummer on the song \"Primavera\" on Santana's hit album Supernatural and with John Waite, He was the drummer for the progressive rock band Spock's Beard, having replaced original drummer Nick D'Virgilio in November 2011. Before joining Spock's Beard, Keegan was their touring drummer since 2003, when D'Virgilio picked up the frontman and main singer role during live performances. Keegan was a member of Spock's Beard for five years, until he left in October 2016.", "Q118958": "Leuven (, Dutch: [\u02c8l\u00f8\u02d0v\u0259(n)] (listen)) or Louvain (, also US: , French: [luv\u025b\u0303]; German: L\u00f6wen [\u02c8l\u00f8\u02d0vn\u0329] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located about 25 kilometres (16 miles) east of Brussels. The municipality itself comprises the historic city and the former neighbouring municipalities of Heverlee, Kessel-Lo, a part of Korbeek-Lo, Wilsele and Wijgmaal. It is the eighth largest city in Belgium and the fourth in Flanders with more than 100,244 inhabitants.KU Leuven, Belgium's largest university, has its flagship campus in Leuven, which has been a university city since 1425. This makes it the oldest university city in the Low Countries. The city is also known for being the headquarters of Anheuser-Busch InBev, the world's largest beer brewer and sixth-largest fast-moving consumer goods company.", "Q121101": "Peter Hess (born 14 May 1948) is a Swiss politician and former President of the National Council (2000\u201301).Hess was embroiled in controversy whilst serving as President of the National Council. A scandal arose when it was revealed that he was concurrently serving as director of several companies which had been accused of money laundering. Hess had garnered criticism for not disclosing his business dealings prior to serving as president. Hess was called to resign, but he refused. Furthermore, Hess had resigned from the board of British-American Tobacco, which had been involved in cigarette smuggling in the 1990s.Hess is a lawyer and notary. He is married and has four children.\n\n", "Q1664365": "Truman Heminway Aldrich (October 17, 1848 \u2013 April 28, 1932) was a civil engineer, a mining company executive, and a paleontologist, and briefly served in the United States House of Representatives and as Postmaster of Birmingham. He is the sole Republican ever to represent Alabama's 9th congressional district, which existed from 1893 to 1963. His brother William F. Aldrich also represented Alabama in Congress, serving three partial terms during 1896\u20131901 from Alabama's 4th congressional district.", "Q170428": "Helena Bonham Carter (born 26 May 1966) is an English actress. She is known for her roles in both low-budget independent art films and large-scale blockbusters. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role as Kate Croy in The Wings of the Dove (1997) and for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Queen Elizabeth in The King's Speech (2010); she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. She also won the 2010 International Emmy Award for Best Actress for her role as author Enid Blyton in the television film Enid (2009).\nBonham Carter began her film career playing Lucy Honeychurch in A Room with a View (1985) and the title character in Lady Jane (1986). Her other films include Hamlet (1990), Howards End (1992), Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994), Woody Allen's Mighty Aphrodite (1995), The Wings of the Dove (1997), Fight Club (1999), Bellatrix Lestrange in the Harry Potter series (2007\u201311), Miss Havisham in Great Expectations (2012), Madame Th\u00e9nardier in Les Mis\u00e9rables (2012), the Fairy Godmother in Cinderella (2015), and Rose Weil in Ocean's 8 (2018). Her frequent collaborations with director Tim Burton include Planet of the Apes (2001), Big Fish (2003), Corpse Bride (2005), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007), Alice in Wonderland (2010) and Dark Shadows (2012). Her television films include A Pattern of Roses (1983), Fatal Deception: Mrs. Lee Harvey Oswald (1993), Live from Baghdad (2002), Toast (2010), and Burton & Taylor (2013). In 2018, she was confirmed to play Princess Margaret on seasons three and four of The Crown.\nBonham Carter was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours list for services to drama, and Prime Minister David Cameron announced that she had been appointed to Britain's new national Holocaust Commission in January 2014.", "Q52667": "Alberto Juantorena (born 3 December 1950) is a Cuban former runner. He is the only athlete to win both the 400 and 800 m Olympic titles, which he achieved in 1976. He was ranked as world's best runner in the 400 m in 1974 and 1976\u20131978, and in the 800 m in 1976\u201377, and was chosen as the Track & Field News Athlete of the Year in 1976 and 1977.", "Q927468": "Francesco Profumo (born 3 May 1953) is an Italian engineer and academic who was Italy's Minister of Education from 16 November 2011 to 28 April 2013. He has been President of the National Research Council (CNR) since August 2011 and had previously served as Chancellor of the Politecnico di Torino from 2005 to 2011.", "Q171722": "John Colum Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute (born 26 April 1958), styled Earl of Dumfries before 1993, is a Scottish peer and a former racing driver, most notably winning the 1988 24 Hours of Le Mans. He does not use his title and prefers to be known solely as John Bute, although he has also been called Johnny Dumfries. The family home is Mount Stuart House on the Isle of Bute. He attended Ampleforth College, as had his father and most male members of the Crichton-Stuart family, but did not finish the normal five years of study.", "Q12581039": "FNC Entertainment (Korean: FNC \uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8; stands for \"fish and cake\") is a South Korean entertainment company established in 2006 by South Korean singer and record producer Han Seong-ho. The label operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. The label previously known as FNC Music, which only managing musicians and later changed its name to FNC Entertainment in 2012 and began to broaden their business field of entertainment. It has since January 2012, been based in its own company offices in Cheongdam-dong.\nThe name is based on the miracle of feeding the multitude using only five loaves and the two fish. This is because Han Sung-ho is a devout Christian, he uses the name to hope for more miracles happen for the company.\nThe label is home to prominent K-pop artists such as F.T. Island, CNBLUE, AOA, N.Flying, SF9, and Cherry Bullet. It also manages a number of entertainers, including Yoo Jae-suk, Jeong Hyeong-don, Lee Guk-joo, and Lee Se-young, and a number of actors, including Jung Hae-in, Jung Jin-young, Lee Dong-gun, Park Gwang-hyun, Sung Hyuk, Kim Won-hee, and Kim Yeon-seo.", "Q97249": "Rainer Wend (born 8 March 1954 in G\u00fctersloh) is a German politician (Social Democratic Party of Germany) and currently lobbyist for Deutsche Post DHL. 2002-2005 he was chairman of the Bundestag-Committee Economics and Labour as well as spokesman of the SPD parliamentary party on Economic Affairs from 2005 till 2009. In July 2012 he has been elected President of European Movement Germany.", "Q356331": "Michael Lorenzo Urie (born August 8, 1980) is an American actor, presenter, director, and producer. He is known for his portrayal of Marc St. James on the ABC dramedy television series Ugly Betty.", "Q2093794": "Vassar College ( VASS-\u0259r) is a private, coeducational, liberal arts college in Poughkeepsie, New York. Founded in 1861 by Matthew Vassar, it was the second degree-granting institution of higher education for women in the United States, closely following Elmira College. It became coeducational in 1969, and now has a gender ratio at the national average. The school is one of the historic Seven Sisters, the first elite women's colleges in the U.S., and has a historic relationship with Yale University, which suggested a merger before they both became coeducational institutions.\nThe college offers B.A. degrees in more than 50 majors and features a flexible curriculum designed to promote a breadth of studies. Student groups at the college include theater and comedy organizations, acappella groups, club sports teams, volunteer and service groups, and a circus troupe. Vassar College's varsity sports teams, known as the Brewers, play in the NCAA's Division III as members of the Liberty League.\nVassar tied for the 14th best liberal arts college in the nation in the 2020 annual ranking of U.S. News & World Report, with admissions described as \"most selective\". The total number of students attending the college is around 2,450.\nThe Vassar campus comprises over 1,000 acres (400 ha) and more than 100 buildings, including two National Historic Landmarks and an additional National Historic Place. A designated arboretum, the campus features more than 200 species of trees, a native plant preserve, and a 530-acre (210 ha) ecological preserve.", "Q6477": "Pirna (Upper Sorbian: P\u011brno) is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, capital of the administrative district S\u00e4chsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge. The town's population is over 37,000. Pirna is located near Dresden and is an important district town as well as a Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt. It is also known for the gassing of about 15,000 disabled people in Sonnenstein Castle between June 1940 and August 1941, killings which ceased after pressure was exerted on the authorities by the local population. Today, a small plaque at the base of Sonnenstein Castle and the Sonnenstein Memorial remembers the dead.", "Q289021": "99 Women (German: Der hei\u00dfe Tod, lit. 'The Hot Death') is a 1969 women in prison film directed by Jes\u00fas Franco and starring Maria Schell, Mercedes McCambridge, Maria Rohm, Rosalba Neri, Luciana Paluzzi and Herbert Lom. One of the earliest and most financially successful examples of the genre, it was produced by Harry Alan Towers as an international co-production.\nThe script was purchased from Robert L. Lippert.", "Q392415": "Kim Yoon-hye (born May 24, 1991) is a South Korean actress. She first appeared on a 2002 magazine cover of Vogue Girl Korea, and also modeled for MTV Asia in 2005 before starring in several music videos. She made her acting debut under the stage name Woori, which means \"us\" in Korean, making it difficult for her name to be searched on internet portals. She reverted to using her real name Kim Yoon-hye during the promotions for horror-comedy film Ghost Sweepers in 2012. Kim next starred in the TV dramas Heartstrings, I Need a Fairy (also known as Sent from Heaven), and My Cute Guys. In 2013, she garnered positive reviews for her portrayal of a cold and aloof high school girl in romantic thriller Steel Cold Winter.", "Q1318": "An\u00edbal Za\u00f1artu Za\u00f1artu (American Spanish: [a\u02c8ni\u03b2al sa\u02c8\u0272a\u027etu]; 12 April 1847 \u2013 1 February 1902) was a Chilean political figure. He served several times as minister and, for a brief time, as Vice President in 1901. He was a member of the Liberal Party.", "Q121115": "Hans Grunder (born 13 June 1956 in R\u00fcderswil; in Vechigen) is a Swiss politician in the Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland (BDP).\n\n", "Q89077": "Johann Baptist Reus or Jo\u00e3o Batista Reus (July 10, 1868 - July 21, 1947) was a Jesuit priest and a German-Brazilian religious leader.", "Q349211": "Leka, Crown Prince of Albania (also known as King Leka I; 5 April 1939 \u2013 30 November 2011), was the only son of King Zog I of the Albanians and his queen consort, born Countess G\u00e9raldine Apponyi de Nagyappony. He was called Crown Prince Skander at birth. Leka was pretender to the Albanian throne and was referred to as King Leka I by Albanian monarchists and some members of the media.", "Q273833": "Rory Elizabeth Katherine Kennedy (born December 12, 1968) is an American documentary filmmaker and youngest child of U.S. Senator Robert Kennedy and Ethel Skakel. Kennedy has made documentary films that center on social issues such as addiction, nuclear radiation, the treatment of prisoners-of-war, and the politics of the Mexican border fence. Her films have been featured on many TV networks.", "Q182872": "Fontainebleau (; French pronunciation: \u200b[f\u0254\u0303t\u025bnblo]) is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located 55.5 kilometres (34.5 mi) south-southeast of the centre of Paris. Fontainebleau is a sub-prefecture of the Seine-et-Marne department, and it is the seat of the arrondissement of Fontainebleau. The commune has the largest land area in the \u00cele-de-France region; it is the only one to cover a larger area than Paris itself.\nFontainebleau, together with the neighbouring commune of Avon and three other smaller communes, form an urban area of 39,713 inhabitants (according to the 2001 census). This urban area is a satellite of Paris.\nFontainebleau is renowned for the large and scenic forest of Fontainebleau, a favourite weekend getaway for Parisians, as well as for the historic Ch\u00e2teau de Fontainebleau, which once belonged to the kings of France. It is also the home of INSEAD, one of the world's most elite business schools.\nInhabitants of Fontainebleau are sometimes called Bellifontains.", "Q94998": "Emilia Krakowska (born 20 February 1940 in Pozna\u0144) is Polish entertainer, film and theater actress.", "Q362094": "Adolf Hepner (November 24, 1846-April 26, 1923) was a German-American writer. His association with the SPD led to him being a co-defendant in the Leipzig high treason trial. He was a journalist for papers in both Germany and in the United States.", "Q162038": "Comte Albert Felix Justin de la Cour de Balleroy (15 August 1828 \u2013 19 August 1872) was a French painter, etcher and parliamentarian.", "Q85895": "Rudolf Gamsj\u00e4ger (23 March 1909 in Vienna, Austria \u2013 28 January 1985 in Vienna, Austria), was an Austrian opera administrator. He served as general director of the Vienna State Opera from 1972 to 1976. \nGamsj\u00e4ger's curriculum vitae includes work as a chemist, music manager, general secretary of Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, president of Musikalischen Jugend \u00d6sterreichs (Musical Youth of Austria) and Jeunesses Musicales International.", "Q579189": "Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes \"San Alejandro\" is the oldest and most prestigious fine arts school in Cuba. It is located in Marianao, a suburb of Havana. It was founded in 1818 at the Convent of San Alejandro by the French painter, Jean Baptiste Vermay, who was its first director. It is located today in a monumental building built in the early 1940s.", "Q1430954": "Saint Joseph University (French: Universit\u00e9 Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, \"USJ\") is a private Catholic research university in Beirut, Lebanon, founded in 1875 by the Jesuits. According to the 2012\u20132013 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, powered by Thomson Reuters, Saint Joseph University ranks as the second best university in Lebanon (after American University of Beirut, which is ranked 87 in Asia), and among the top academic institutions in the Middle East. Its alumni include numerous Lebanese presidents, ministers, philosophers, intellectuals, clerics and beyond. As Lebanon's oldest and main French medium university, while promoting Lebanese culture, admission openly disregards any ethno-religious affiliations, encouraging trilingualism of French, Arabic and English. Additionally, it is known for its university hospital, H\u00f4tel-Dieu de France.\nThe 12,000-student enrollment is served by an academic staff of 1,873 and support staff of 500, distributed over its 12 faculties, 24 institutes and schools across five campuses in Beirut, with regional university centres in Sidon, Tripoli, Lebanon and Zahl\u00e9, as well as one foreign center situated in Dubai.\nUSJ is the only university in the Middle East to adhere to the European ECTS university academic credits system, while also officially recognised by and in accord with the higher education law of Lebanon. It maintains some 150 various international agreements.", "Q955798": "Alfredo S\u00e1nchez Brell (23 February 1931 \u2013 10 July 2010), known as Aldo Sambrell, was a Spanish actor, director, and producer who appeared in over 150 films between 1961 and 1996.", "Q1484229": "Gilliam Banmon Grayson (November 11, 1887 \u2013 August 16, 1930) was an American Old-time fiddle player and singer. Mostly blind from infancy, Grayson is chiefly remembered for a series of sides recorded with guitarist Henry Whitter between 1927 and 1930 that would later influence numerous country, bluegrass, and rock musicians. Grayson wrote much of his own material, but was also instrumental in adapting several traditional Appalachian ballads to fiddle and guitar formats. His music has been recorded or performed by musicians such as Bob Dylan, Doc Watson, Mick Jagger, the Kingston Trio, and dozens of bluegrass artists, including the Stanley Brothers and Mac Wiseman.", "Q180903": "Natsume S\u014dseki (\u590f\u76ee \u6f31\u77f3, 9 February 1867 \u2013 9 December 1916), born Natsume Kin'nosuke (\u590f\u76ee \u91d1\u4e4b\u52a9), was a Japanese novelist. He is best known around the world for his novels Kokoro, Botchan, I Am a Cat and his unfinished work Light and Darkness. He was also a scholar of British literature and composer of haiku, kanshi, and fairy tales. From 1984 until 2004, his portrait appeared on the front of the Japanese 1000 yen note. In Japan, he is often considered the greatest writer in modern Japanese history. He has had a profound effect on almost all important Japanese writers since.", "Q240547": "Janet Evanovich (n\u00e9e Schneider; April 22, 1943) is an American writer. She began her career writing short contemporary romance novels under the pen name Steffie Hall, but gained fame authoring a series of contemporary mysteries featuring Stephanie Plum, a former lingerie buyer from Trenton, New Jersey, who becomes a bounty hunter to make ends meet after losing her job. The novels in this series have been on The New York Times, USA Today, Wall Street Journal and Amazon bestseller lists. Evanovich has had her last seventeen Plums debut at #1 on the NY Times Best Sellers list and eleven of them have hit #1 on USA Today Best-Selling Books list. She has over two hundred million books in print worldwide and is translated into over 40 languages.", "Q2065002": "Pavel Pavlovich Borodin (Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d) (born 25 October 1946) is a Russian official and politician.\nBorodin was born in the town of Shakhunya, near the city of Nizhny (Formerly known as Gorky during Soviet times) in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. \nShortly after his birth, the family moved to the city of Kyzyl in the Tuva Region, which is situated in the far south of Siberia.\nFrom 1993\u20132000, he was Head of the Presidential Property Management Department of the Russian Federation. According to the investigative journalist Jake Bernstein (2019), in that role Borodin signed a contract with a Swiss to renovate the Grand Kremlin Palace. Other contracts followed, as well as around $30 million on kickbacks that Borodin distributed to friends and fellow officials, including to then-president Boris Yeltsin (p. 92).\nFrom 2000\u20132011, he was the State Secretary of the Union of Russia and Belarus.In 2001, he was arrested in New York for money-laundering. Later, he was released on bond of five million Swiss francs. In 2002, his case was closed and the bond was returned while further details are not disclosed.", "Q5103452": "Choate Rosemary Hall (often known as Choate; ) is a private, co-educational, college-preparatory boarding school in Wallingford, Connecticut, United States. It took its present name and began a co-educational system with the merger in 1971 of two single-sex schools: The Choate School for boys (founded in 1896 in Wallingford) and Rosemary Hall for girls (founded in 1890 in Wallingford, moved later to Greenwich). At the merger, the Wallingford campus was enlarged with a complex of modernist buildings on its eastern edge to accommodate the students from Rosemary Hall.\nThe school has educated generations of the upper-class New England establishment and the American political elite, and it has introduced many programs to diversify the student population, including the introduction of a free education for families whose income is $75,000 or less. It is a member of the Eight Schools Association, begun informally in 1973\u201374 and formalized in 2006, when former Choate headmaster Edward Shanahan was appointed its first president. It is also a member of the Ten Schools Admissions Organization.", "Q216701": "Wolfgang Boettcher (30 January 1935) is a German classical cellist.", "Q175222": "What Is the Matter with Willi? (German: Was ist denn blo\u00df mit Willi los) is a 1970 German comedy film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Heinz Erhardt, Ralf Wolter and Ruth Stephan. A tax inspector tries to reform the Ministry of Finance. It was based on a character Heinz Erhardt played on television. It was followed by a loose sequel That Can't Shake Our Willi! and in 1971 a third film Our Willi Is the Best was made with Erhard returning as Willi. The final film Willi Manages The Whole Thing was released in 1972.", "Q816879": "Benedict \"Ben\" Kiely (15 August 1919 \u2013 9 February 2007) was an Irish writer and broadcaster from Omagh, County Tyrone.", "Q95338": "Friedrich Huch (Braunschweig, 19 June 1873 - Munich, 12 May 1913) was a German writer.", "Q1065552": "Charles Morelle Bruce (July 6, 1853 \u2013 June 7, 1938) was an American businessman and politician who served as Secretary of Arizona Territory from 1893 till 1897 and as Assistant Commissioner of the General Land Office from 1913 to 1921.", "Q769450": "Angelo Tasca (Moretta, 19 November 1892 \u2013 Paris, 3 March 1960) was an Italian politician, writer and historian. He was a founding member of the Communist Party of Italy, but was expelled in 1929 due to his opposition to Stalinism. Having experienced persecution by the fascist regime in Italy, he took refuge in France in 1926, gaining citizenship in 1936. After joining the French Section of the Workers' International in 1934, he worked as a writer for the newspaper Le Populaire. He joined the exiled Italian Socialist Party and supported the POUM during the Spanish Civil War. After the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in August 1939 and the consequent resignation of Pietro Nenni, he became one of three joint leaders of the Italian Socialist Party. After the Fall of France, he aligned himself with the pro-German Vichy Government. He held an official position under Paul Marion in the Ministry of Information. He was arrested in September 1944 following the Liberation of France and was charged with collaborationism, being released only a month later after it emerged that he had secretly worked with a Belgian anti-fascist network since 1941. After the war he worked for various newspapers and was a consultant for NATO, maintaining an anti-communist position amidst the Cold War.His daughter, Catherine Tasca, was the French Minister of Culture from 2000\u20132002 and a senator from 2004\u20132017, belonging to the French Socialist Party.", "Q49253": "Irene Nafuna Muloni is a Ugandan electrical engineer, businesswoman and politician. She is a Senior Presidential Advisor to Ugandan President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni. She was the Cabinet Minister for Energy and Minerals in the Ugandan Cabinet until December 2019 after serving from 27th May 2011 . . In the new cabinet list released after the 2016 national elections, she maintained her position. She served as the elected Member of Parliament for Bulambuli District Women's Representative, from 2011 until 2016. In 2016, she lost her seat to Sarah Nambozo Wekomba, an Independent.", "Q583025": "Patricio Manns (born August 3, 1937) is a Chilean composer, author, poet, novelist, essayist, play writer and journalist.", "Q686683": "Richard Lee Rhodes (born July 4, 1937) is an American historian, journalist, and author of both fiction and non-fiction, including the Pulitzer Prize-winning The Making of the Atomic Bomb (1986), and most recently, Energy: A Human History (2018).\nRhodes has been awarded grants from the Ford Foundation, the Guggenheim Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation among others. Rhodes is an affiliate of the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. He also frequently gives lectures and talks on a broad range of subjects, including testimony to the U.S. Senate on nuclear energy.", "Q594559": "Skin Yard was an American grunge band from Seattle, Washington, who were active from 1985 to 1993. The group never gained a mainstream audience, but were an influence on several of their grunge contemporaries, including Soundgarden, Screaming Trees, and Green River.", "Q121673": "Thomas Helbling (born 1961) is a Swiss lawyer and politician. He held the office of Vice-Chancellor of Switzerland between 2008 and 2016, in charge of the Federal Council sector. After leaving office, he became the CEO of the Swiss Insurance Association.A native of Bern, Thomas Helbling studied Law at the University of Bern and holds a Master of Laws from the University of London. After spending his early career as a lawyer in Bern and London, he entered public service in 1998, when he became advisor to Federal Councillor Adolf Ogi and his successor, Samuel Schmid.In 2001, Helbling became the project manager for the joint Austrian-Swiss bid to host the UEFA Euro 2008 football championship, the second such multinational joint bid to succeed so far. After retiring from the organization committee in early 2003, Helbling joined private insurance company Swiss Life as head of public relations, and was appointed board member of the Swiss Football League, where he was in charge of games security and pushed for restrictive legislation against hooliganism in anticipation of the Euro.Thomas Helbling was appointed Vice Chancellor of the Swiss Confederation in February 2008 and took office on 1 June 2008, successor to Corina Casanova who had been named Chancellor in the meantime. Although there had been several rows tied language representation in the Federal Chancellery during the appointment of his predecessors - Swiss French politicians having complained that the chancellery was in purely Swiss-German hands after the nomination of both Corina Casanova and Oswald Sigg. Swiss-German Helbling's appointment, raised no such issues.In his role, Thomas Helbling oversaw the Federal Council sector of the Swiss Chancellery, which looks after planning and managing the Federal Council's meetings, the Legal Section, the Official Publications Center and the Central Language Services.", "Q168515": "The University of Utah (U of U, UofU, or simply The U) is a public research university in Salt Lake City, Utah. As the state's flagship university, it offers more than 100 undergraduate majors and more than 92 graduate degree programs. The university is classified among \"Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very High Research Activity\" with \"selective, higher transfer-in\" admissions. Graduate studies include the S.J. Quinney College of Law and the School of Medicine, Utah's first medical school. As of Fall 2018, there were 24,735 undergraduate students and 8,251 graduate students, for an enrollment total of 32,994.\nThe university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret ( (listen)) by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret, making it Utah's oldest institution of higher education. It received its current name in 1892, four years before Utah attained statehood, and moved to its current location in 1900.The university ranks 61st among U.S. universities by total research expenditures with over $380 million spent in 2017. Twenty-two Rhodes Scholars, four Nobel Prize winners, three Turing Award winners, eight MacArthur Fellows, various Pulitzer Prize winners, two astronauts, Gates Cambridge Scholars, and Churchill Scholars have been affiliated with the university as students, researchers, or faculty members in its history. In addition, the university's Honors College has been reviewed among 100 leading national Honors Colleges in the U.S.The university's athletic teams, the Utes, participate in NCAA Division I athletics (FBS for football) as a member of the Pac-12 Conference. Its football team has received national attention for winning the 2005 Fiesta Bowl and the 2009 Sugar Bowl.The university's health care system includes four hospitals, including the University of Utah Hospital and Huntsman Cancer Institute, along with twelve community clinics and specialty centers such as the Moran Eye Center.", "Q214116": "Nahum Norbert Glatzer (March 25, 1903 \u2013 February 27, 1990) was a Jewish literary scholar, theologian, and editor.", "Q9022": "Guadalajara (, Spanish: [\u0261wa\u00f0ala\u02c8xa\u027ea] (listen)) is a metropolis in western Mexico and the capital of the state of Jalisco. The city has a population of 1,460,148, while the Guadalajara metropolitan area has a population of 5,002,466, making it the second-largest metropolitan area in the country. Guadalajara has the second highest population density in Mexico, with over 10,361 people per square kilometre. Guadalajara is an international center of business, finance, arts, and culture, as well as the economic center of the Baj\u00edo region, one of the most productive and developed regions in Latin America.Guadalajara is the tenth largest metropolitan area in Latin America and a major Latin American tech hub and financial center. It is one of the most productive and globally competitive cities in the world. The city is an important center for science, technology, finance, culture, innovation, education, business, and tourism in Mexico. It is home to numerous landmarks, including Guadalajara Cathedral, the Teatro Degollado, the Templo Expiatorio, the Hospicio Caba\u00f1as, and the San Juan de Dios Market\u2014the largest indoor market in Latin America.Guadalajara was founded on 14 February 1542 by Crist\u00f3bal de O\u00f1ate, a Basque conquistador, as the capital of the Kingdom of Nueva Galicia, part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. After 1572, the Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara, previously subordinate to Mexico City, became the only authority in New Spain with autonomy over Nueva Galicia, owing to rapidly growing wealth in the kingdom following the discovery of silver. By the 18th century, Guadalajara had taken its place as Mexico's second largest city, following mass colonial migrations in the 1720s and 1760s. During the Mexican War of Independence, independence leader Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla established Mexico's first revolutionary government in Guadalajara in 1810. The city flourished during the Porfiriato, with the advent of the industrial revolution, but its growth was hampered significantly during the Mexican Revolution. In 1929, the Cristero War ended within the confines of the city, when President Plutarco El\u00edas Calles proclaimed the Grito de Guadalajara. The city saw continuous growth throughout the rest of the 20th century, attaining a 1 million metro population in the 1960s and passing 3 million in the 1990s.\nGuadalajara is a global city and one of Mexico's most important cultural centers. It is home to numerous mainstays of Mexican culture, including Mariachi, Tequila, and Birria and hosts numerous notable events, including the Guadalajara International Film Festival, the most important film festival in Latin America, and the Guadalajara International Book Fair, the largest book fair in the Americas. The city was the American Capital of Culture in 2005 and has hosted numerous global events, including the 1970 FIFA World Cup, the 1986 FIFA World Cup, the 1st Ibero-American Summit in 1991, and the 2011 Pan American Games. The city is home to numerous universities and research institutions, including the University of Guadalajara and the Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guadalajara, two of the highest-ranked universities in Mexico and Latin America.", "Q146830": "Tanisha Mukerji is an Indian film actress known for her works in Indian movies, Bollywood and Telugu and Tamil films. Part of the Mukherjee-Samarth family, she is the daughter of filmmaker Shomu Mukherjee and actress Tanuja Samarth and the younger sister of Bollywood actress Kajol. She made her debut with the Hindi film Sssshhh... in 2003. She had her first hit with Ram Gopal Varma's Sarkar, appearing alongside Amitabh Bachchan and Abhishek Bachchan. She also was a contestant, and also ended up as the first runner-up on the reality show Bigg Boss 7 in 2012", "Q96631": "Henryk Stroband (1548\u20131609) was a Polish activist.", "Q376787": "Magdal\u00e9na V\u00e1\u0161\u00e1ryov\u00e1 (Slovak pronunciation: [\u02c8ma\u0261dal\u025b\u02d0na \u02c8\u028ba\u02d0\u0283a\u027ej\u0254\u028ba\u02d0]; referred also as Magda V\u00e1\u0161\u00e1ryov\u00e1 [\u02c8ma\u0261da -]; born 26 August 1948) is a Slovak actress and diplomat, prominent for her liberal anti-nationalist stances. In 1971, she completed her studies at Comenius University in Bratislava. Until 1989, she acted in several Slovak theatres, including Slovak National Theatre, and in numerous movies. She was ambassador of Czechoslovakia in Austria (1990-1993) and ambassador of Slovakia in Poland (2000-2005). She was one of the candidates in the 1999 presidential election, but did not advance to the second round of the election. From February 2005 to July 2006, she held the position of State Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovakia. In the 2006 parliamentary elections, she was elected to the National Council of the Slovak Republic for Slovak Democratic and Christian Union - Democratic Party.\nShe was considered for the role of Sophie in Sophie's Choice.\nIn 2016, V\u00e1\u0161\u00e1ryov\u00e1 was awarded by the Prague Society for International Cooperation for fighting communism and corruption during her whole carrier with the Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award.", "Q950186": "Baron Eduard Oleg Alexandrowitsch von Falz-Fein (14 September 1912 \u2013 17 November 2018) was a Russian-born Liechtensteiner businessman, journalist, and sportsman. He served as a \"sports diplomat\" who initiated the Olympic movement in Liechtenstein was vice president of the Liechtenstein Olympic Committee in the mid-1930s. His Father Alexander Eduardovich is an agronomist, brother of the founder of the Askania-Nova biosphere reserve, Friedrich von Falz-Fein, mother Vera Nikolaevna is from a family of generals and admirals of the Russian fleet Yepanchins.", "Q80053": "Tabriz (Persian: \u062a\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u200e [t\u00e6b\u02c8\u027ei\u02d0z] (listen); Azerbaijani: \u062a\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0632, romanized: T\u0259briz) is the most populated city in northwestern Iran, one of the historical capitals of Iran and the present capital of East Azerbaijan province. It is the fourth most populous city in Iran. Located in the Quru River valley, in Iran's historic Azerbaijan region, between long ridges of volcanic cones in the Sahand and Eynali mountains, Tabriz's elevation ranges between 1,350 and 1,600 metres (4,430 and 5,250 ft) above sea level. The valley opens up into a plain that gently slopes down to the eastern shores of Lake Urmia, 60 kilometres (37 miles) to the west. With cold winters and temperate summers, Tabriz is considered a summer resort. It was named World Carpet Weaving City by the World Crafts Council in October 2015 and Exemplary Tourist City of 2018 by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.With a population of over 2 million (2016), Tabriz is the largest economic hub and metropolitan area in Northwest Iran. The population is overwhelmingly Azerbaijani, though Persian is spoken by residents as a second language. Tabriz is a major heavy industries hub for automobiles, machine tools, refineries, petrochemicals, textiles and cement production industries. The city is famous for its handicrafts, including hand-woven rugs and jewellery. Local confectionery, chocolate, dried nuts and traditional Tabrizi food are recognised throughout Iran as some of the best. Tabriz is also an academic hub and a site for some of the most prestigious cultural institutes in Northwest Iran.\nTabriz contains many historical monuments, representing Iran's architectural transition throughout its deep history. Most of Tabriz's preserved historical sites belong to Ilkhanid, Safavid and Qajar. Among these sites is the grand Bazaar of Tabriz, which is designated a World Heritage Site. From the early modern era, Tabriz was pivotal in the development, movement and economy of its three neighboring regions; namely the Caucasus, Eastern Anatolia and Central Iran. In modern era city played a vital role in the history of Iran. As the country's closest hub to Europe, many aspects of early modernisation in Iran began in Tabriz. Prior to forced ceding of Iran's Caucasian territories to Imperial Russia, following two Russo-Persian Wars in the first half of the 19th century, Tabriz was at the forefront of Iranian rule over its Caucasian territories. Until 1925, the city was the traditional residence for the crown princes of the Qajar dynasty.", "Q309153": "Singin' in the Rain is a 1952 American musical romantic comedy film directed and choreographed by Gene Kelly and Stanley Donen, starring Kelly, Donald O'Connor, and Debbie Reynolds. It offers a lighthearted depiction of Hollywood in the late 1920s, with the three stars portraying performers caught up in the transition from silent films to \"talkies\".\nThe film was only a modest hit when it was first released. O'Connor won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, and Betty Comden and Adolph Green won the Writers Guild of America Award for their screenplay, while Jean Hagen was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. However, it has since been accorded legendary status by contemporary critics, and is often regarded as the greatest musical film ever made, and the greatest film ever made in the \"Freed Unit\" at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It topped the AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals list and is ranked as the fifth-greatest American motion picture of all time in its updated list of the greatest American films in 2007. In 1989, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry. In 2005 the British Film Institute included it in its list of the 50 films to be seen by the age of 14. In 2008, Empire Magazine ranked it as the eighth best film of all time. In Sight & Sound magazine's 2012 list of the 50 greatest films of all time, Singin' in the Rain placed 20th.", "Q151394": "Ant\u00f3nio de Oliveira Salazar (; Portuguese: [\u0250\u0303\u02c8t\u0254niu d\u0268 oli\u02c8v\u0250j\u027e\u0250 s\u0250l\u0250\u02c8za\u027e]; 28 April 1889 \u2013 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese statesman who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. He was responsible for the Estado Novo (\"New State\"), the corporatist authoritarian government that ruled Portugal until 1974.\nA trained economist, Salazar entered public life with the support of President \u00d3scar Carmona after the Portuguese coup d'\u00e9tat of 28 May 1926, initially as finance minister and later as prime minister. Opposed to democracy, communism, socialism, anarchism and liberalism, Salazar's rule was conservative and nationalist in nature. Salazar distanced himself from fascism and Nazism, which he criticized as a \"pagan Caesarism\" that recognised neither legal nor moral limits.\nSalazar promoted Catholicism, but argued that the role of the Church was social, not political, and negotiated the Concordat of 1940. One of the mottos of the Salazar regime was \"Deus, P\u00e1tria e Fam\u00edlia\" (meaning \"God, Fatherland and Family\").With the Estado Novo enabling him to exercise vast political powers, Salazar used censorship and a secret police to quell opposition, especially any that related to the Communist movement. He supported Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War and played a key role in keeping Portugal and Spain neutral during World War II while still providing aid and assistance to the Allies. Despite not being a democracy, Portugal under his rule took part in the founding of important international organizations. Portugal was one of the 12 founding members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) in 1949, joined the European Payments Union in 1950, and was one of the founding members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1960, and a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1961. Under his rule Portugal also joined the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1962, and began the Portuguese Colonial War. The doctrine of Pluricontinentalism was the basis of his territorial policy, a conception of the Portuguese Empire as a unified state that spanned multiple continents.\nThe Estado Novo collapsed during the Carnation Revolution of 1974, four years after Salazar's death. Evaluations of his regime have varied, with supporters praising its outcomes and critics denouncing its methods. However, there is a general consensus that Salazar was one of the most influential figures in Portuguese history. In recent decades, \"new sources and methods are being employed by Portuguese historians in an attempt to come to grips with the dictatorship which lasted 48 years.\"", "Q93761": "Verlyn Flieger (born 1933) is an author, editor, and professor in the Department of English at the University of Maryland at College Park. She teaches courses in comparative mythology, medieval literature and the works of J. R. R. Tolkien.\nFlieger holds an M.A. (1972) and Ph.D. (1977) from The Catholic University of America, and has been associated with the University of Maryland since 1976. In 2012, Flieger began teaching Arthurian studies at Signum University.\nHer best-known books are Splintered Light: Logos and Language in Tolkien's World (1983; revised edition, 2002); A Question of Time: J. R. R. Tolkien's Road to Faerie, which won the 1998 Mythopoeic Award for Inklings studies; and Interrupted Music: The Making of Tolkien's Mythology (2005).\nShe won the Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inklings Studies a second time in 2002 for Tolkien's Legendarium: Essays on The History of Middle-earth, which she co-edited with Carl Hostetter.\nShe won the Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inklings Studies a third time in 2013 for Green Suns and Fa\u00ebrie: Essays on J.R.R. Tolkien.\nFlieger has also written a young adult fantasy, Pig Tale, and short stories.\nWith David Bratman and Michael D. C. Drout, she is co-editor of Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review.", "Q83572": "The Sikh Empire (also Sikh Khalsa Raj or Sarkar-i Khalsa) was a state originating in the Indian subcontinent, formed under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who established a secular empire based in the Punjab. The empire existed from 1799, when Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849 and was forged on the foundations of the Khalsa from a collection of autonomous Sikh misls. At its peak in the 19th century, the Empire extended from the Khyber Pass in the west to western Tibet in the east, and from Mithankot in the south to Kashmir in the north. Religiously diverse, with an estimated population of 3.5 million in 1831 (making it the 19th most populous country at the time), it was the last major region of the Indian subcontinent to be annexed by the British.\nThe foundations of the Sikh Empire can be traced to as early as 1707, the year of Aurangzeb's death and the start of the downfall of the Mughal Empire. With the Mughals significantly weakened, the Sikh army, known as the Dal Khalsa, a rearrangement of the Khalsa inaugurated by Guru Gobind Singh, led expeditions against them and the Afghans in the west. This led to a growth of the army which split into different confederacies or semi-independent misls. Each of these component armies controlled different areas and cities. However, in the period from 1762 to 1799, Sikh commanders of the misls appeared to be coming into their own as independent warlords.\nThe formation of the empire began with the capture of Lahore, by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, from its Afghan ruler, Zaman Shah Durrani, and the subsequent and progressive expulsion of Afghans from the Punjab, by defeating them in the Afghan-Sikh Wars, and the unification of the separate Sikh misls. Ranjit Singh was proclaimed as Maharaja of the Punjab on 12 April 1801 (to coincide with Vaisakhi), creating a unified political state. Sahib Singh Bedi, a descendant of Guru Nanak, conducted the coronation. Ranjit Singh rose to power in a very short period, from a leader of a single misl to finally becoming the Maharaja of Punjab. He began to modernise his army, using the latest training as well as weapons and artillery. After the death of Ranjit Singh, the empire was weakened by internal divisions and political mismanagement. Finally, by 1849 the state was dissolved after the defeat in the Anglo-Sikh wars. The Sikh Empire was divided into four provinces: Lahore, in Punjab, which became the Sikh capital, Multan, also in Punjab, Peshawar and Kashmir from 1799 to 1849.\n\n", "Q1502064": "Mason Tyler Musso (born March 17, 1989) is an American musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known for being the lead vocalist in the band Metro Station. Musso is the older brother of actor Mitchel Musso of Hannah Montana fame.", "Q5630": "Fulcher of Chartres (c.1059 in or near Chartres - after 1128) was a priest and participated in the First Crusade. He served Baldwin I of Jerusalem for many years, and wrote a chronicle of the Crusade, writing in Latin.", "Q558609": "Vladimir Mikhailovich Petlyakov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u043b\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432) (15 June 1891 \u2013 12 January 1942) was a Soviet aeronautical engineer.\nPetlyakov was born in 1891 in Sambek (Don Host Oblast, Russian Empire) (currently part of Neklinovsky District, Rostov Oblast), where his father served as a local official. After graduating from the Technical College in Taganrog (today the \"Taganrog Petlyakov Aviation College\", ru:\u0422\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0436 \u0438\u043c. \u0412. \u041c. \u041f\u0435\u0442\u043b\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430) in 1910. he travelled to Moscow, where he was accepted into the Moscow State Technical University; however, due to financial difficulties he was unable to complete his studies. After the 1917 Russian Revolution he continued his education and was hired to work as a technician in the aerodynamics laboratory at Moscow State Technical University under the guidance of Nikolai Zhukovsky, while resuming his studies. He gained experience as a laboratory assistant on wind tunnels and on calculations for aircraft design. In 1922 he graduated from the same university.\n\nFrom 1921 to 1936 Petlyakov worked at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI) (Russian: \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 (\u0426\u0410\u0413\u0418))under the guidance of Andrei Tupolev; there he became involved in wing design and in the development of gliders. In 1936 he became a chief aircraft-designer at an aviation plant. Petlyakov was directly involved in the organization and development of Soviet metal aircraft construction. In particular, Petlyakov (together with the engineer Nikolai Belyaev) elaborated methods of calculating durability of materials and theory on designing metal wings with multiple spars. Petlyakov assisted in designing the first Soviet heavy bombers TB-1, TB-3 (1930\u20131935), and a long-range high-altitude four-engine bomber, the Pe-8 (1935\u20131937).\nHowever, on 21 October 1937, Petlyakov was arrested together with Tupolev and the entire directorate of the TsAGI on trumped-up charges of sabotage, espionage and of aiding the Russian Fascist Party. Many of his colleagues were executed. In 1939 he was moved from a prison to an NKVD sharashka for aircraft designers near Moscow, where many ex-TsAGI people had already been sent to work. Petlyakov was given the task of designing a high-altitude fighter, which he successfully accomplished. However, operational experience in the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-1940 showed that this was not what the Soviet Air Force needed, and Lavrentiy Beria, head of the NKVD and of the sharashka system, ordered that the fighter be redesigned as a dive bomber, with the promise that Petlyakov and his colleagues would be released on its successful completion.\nThe resulting aircraft, the Pe-2, which went into serial production at the Kazan Aviation Plant, proved to be one of the most successful designs of World War II. Petlyakov was released in 1940, and was awarded a Stalin Prize in 1941. However, at Kazan, Petlyakov faced increasing difficulties, with many of his trained technicians and machinists conscripted into the Soviet military and sent to the front lines, which adversely affected the quality of production aircraft. He protested to Soviet senior leadership, and was on his way to Moscow in January 1942 (flying in a Pe-2), when he died in an air crash near Arzamas. His grave is at the Arskoe Cemetery in Kazan.\nVladimir Petlyakov received a State Award of the USSR (1941) and was awarded two Orders of Lenin and an Order of the Red Star.", "Q1927137": "Michael Cashmore is an English composer and musician currently living in Berlin. He has created music under the name of Nature And Organisation since the early '80s and more recently (2006) under his own name.\n\nCashmore has also been a member of the group Current 93 since the late 1980s and composed the majority of the music for the group since joining. He has collaborated with many artists including David Tibet, Antony and the Johnsons, Bill Fay, Marc Almond, Nick Cave, Rose McDowall, and Steven Stapleton.\nAfter moving to Berlin in 2004 Cashmore broke several years of silence by releasing his first solo CD Sleep England in May 2006.\nEarly 2007 saw the release of The Snow Abides, a mini album containing a collection of songs that feature vocals by Antony Hegarty of Antony and the Johnsons.In April 2008 Cashmore released a two-track EP with Marc Almond titled Gabriel and the Lunatic Lover which sets two poems \"Gabriel\" and \"The Lunatic Lover\" by Count Stenbock to music. Marc Almond appeared as a guest of Current 93 at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London on 21 June 2008 and performed these songs with Cashmore on guitar. These two songs later appeared on a collaborative album by Marc Almond and Michael Cashmore in 2011 called Feasting With Panthers.\nIn 2017 Cashmore reissued published and unpublished works by the group Nature And Organisation on a double CD and a series of 4 vinyl records with the German label Trisol Music Group GmbH. In the same year Cashmore released an electronic / experimental white vinyl EP under his own name with artist Shaltmira to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the founding of the label.", "Q689598": "Christian Fennesz (born 25 December 1962) is an Austrian producer and guitarist active in electronic music since the 1990s, often credited simply by his last name. His work utilizes guitar and laptop computers to blend melody with treated samples and glitch production. He lives and works in Vienna, and currently records on the UK label Touch.\nFennesz first received widespread recognition for his 2001 album Endless Summer, released on the Austrian label Mego. He has collaborated with a number of artists, including Ryuichi Sakamoto, Jim O'Rourke, Ulver, David Sylvian, and King Midas Sound.", "Q893697": "Boris Karlov (Bulgarian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432; August 11, 1924 \u2013 December 14, 1964) was a Bulgarian accordionist. He was born in Sofia into a Romani (Gypsy) family. His father Karlo Aliev conducted an orchestra that was often heard on radio Sofia.At an early age Boris was already passionate about folk music, played first on the ocarina and later on the tambura in his father's orchestra. Here he acquired a feeling for the harmonic structure of Bulgarian music. At the age of twelve, Karlov began to play the accordion, beginning with a simple 48-bass Hohner instrument, and progressing to a 120-bass. Eventually he had an Italian Scandalli accordion custom-made for him.\nFrom 1950 to 1960, Karlov was in demand not only in Bulgaria, but also in Yugoslavia and Austria. He had a busy concert schedule and favourable reviews. Karlov developed a style of playing which was new on the accordion. Based on generally short, simple, but fast musical phrases, frequently in the irregular rhythms that were originally played on traditional Bulgarian instruments such as the gaida (bagpipe) and kaval (end-blown flute), he innovated a rondo form where the special character of Bulgarian music nevertheless remained.\nHe died, still on tour, in Kraljevo, of a kidney infection.", "Q728342": "Don Pedro Navarro, Count of Oliveto (c. 1460 \u2013 28 August 1528) was a Navarrese military engineer and general who participated in the War of the League of Cambrai. At the Battle of Ravenna in 1512 he commanded the Spanish and Papal infantry, but was captured by the French. In the service of Francis I of France, he would supervise the French crossing of the Alps before the Battle of Novara in 1513.\n\n", "Q66298": "Walchwil is a village and a municipality in the canton of Zug in Switzerland.", "Q65791": "Daniel Sanders (November 12, 1819, Strelitz \u2013 March 11, 1897, Strelitz) was a German lexicographer of Jewish parentage. He is famous for lexicons and dictionaries (Der Gro\u00dfe Muret Sanders).", "Q1456": "South Carolina ( (listen)) is a state in the Southeastern United States and the easternmost of the Deep South. It is bordered to the north by North Carolina, to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the southwest by Georgia across the Savannah River.\nSouth Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the U.S. Constitution on May 23, 1788. It also became the first state to vote in favor of secession from the Union on December 20, 1860. After the American Civil War, it was readmitted into the United States on June 25, 1868.\nSouth Carolina is the 40th most extensive and 23rd most populous U.S. state. Its GDP as of 2013 was $183.6 billion, with an annual growth rate of 3.13%. South Carolina is composed of 46 counties. The capital is Columbia with a population of 133,451 in 2018; while its largest city is Charleston with a 2018 population of 136,208. The Greenville\u2013Anderson\u2013Mauldin metropolitan area is the largest in the state, with a 2018 population estimate of 906,626.South Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England, who first formed the English colony, with Carolus being Latin for \"Charles\".", "Q1700807": "John Lee (born June 28, 1952 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American bassist, producer and recording engineer.\nAs a bassist, Lee's career, starting in 1970, includes work with Dizzy Gillespie, Max Roach, Sonny Rollins, McCoy Tyner, James Moody, Jimmy Heath, Joe Henderson, Larry Coryell, Paquito D'Rivera, Gregory Hines, Claudio Roditi, Arturo Sandoval, Joachim K\u00fchn and Philip Catherine.\nAs a producer Lee has produced over 50 albums and CDs, and as a recording engineer he has recorded and mixed over 85 albums and CDs.", "Q233581": "Mikhail Dmitrievitch Prokhorov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, IPA: [m\u02b2\u026ax\u0250\u02c8il \u02c8dm\u02b2itr\u02b2\u026aj\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8prox\u0259r\u0259f]; born 3 May 1965) is a Russian billionaire, political activist, and former owner of the Brooklyn Nets. After graduating from the Moscow Finance Institute, he worked in the financial sector and subsequently went on to become one of Russia's leading industrialists, owning major stakes in multinational corporations in the precious metals sector. While he was running Norilsk Nickel, the company became the world's largest producer of nickel and palladium. He is the former chairman of Polyus Gold, Russia's largest gold producer, and the former President of Onexim Group. He resigned both positions to enter politics in June 2011.\nIn December 2011, Prokhorov capped a year of higher-profile political activity in Russia with the December declaration that he would run as an independent candidate in the 2012 Russian presidential election. He was third in the voting, amassing 7.94% of the total vote. In June 2012 he declared the establishment of the new Russian political party called Civic Platform. As of August 2018, Forbes estimates his wealth at $9.2 billion.", "Q75582": "Prof. Dr. Shk\u00eblqim Cani (born 6 May 1956) was Governor of the Bank of Albania, which is the Central Bank of Albania, from August 1997 to October 2004, when Ardian Fullani took over the position. He is also the Minister of Finance-designate in the Rama Government of Prime Minister-designate Edi Rama.\n\n", "Q129207": "Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS) (Azerbaijani: Az\u0259rbaycan Milli Elml\u0259r Akademiyas\u0131 (AMEA)), located in Baku, is the main state research organization and the primary body that conducts research and coordinates activities in the fields of science and social sciences in Azerbaijan. It was established on 23 January 1945. \nThe President of ANAS is Acad. Ramiz Mehdiyev and the vice-president of ANAS is Acad. Rasim Alguliyev.One section of the ANAS is Republican Seismic Survey Center of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences.", "Q1903081": "Martha Denise Munizzi (born Martha Denise Stallings on February 26, 1968) is an American Gospel music singer, songwriter, author, and actress.", "Q274812": "Polly Carey Draper (born June 15, 1955) is an American actress, writer, producer, and director. Draper has received several awards, including a Writers Guild of America Award (WGA), and is noted for speaking in a \"trademark throaty voice.\" She first gained recognition for her starring role in the ABC primetime television drama Thirtysomething (1987\u201391).Draper co-starred in her screenwriting debut The Tic Code (1998) and Off-Broadway in her play Getting into Heaven (2003). In mid-2004, she wrote her directing debut The Naked Brothers Band: The Movie, and created and produced the Nickelodeon musical comedy series The Naked Brothers Band (2007\u201309), which won her a WGA for Children's Script: Long Form or Special. Draper also wrote, directed, and co-starred in Stella's Last Weekend (2018).", "Q382148": "Geir Ivars\u00f8y (June 27, 1957 \u2013 March 9, 2006) was the lead programmer at Opera Software. He and Jon von Tetzchner were part of a research group at the Norwegian state phone company (now known as Telenor) where they developed browsing software called MultiTorg Opera. The project was abandoned by Telenor, but in 1995 Geir and Jon obtained the rights to the software, formed a company of their own, and continued working on it.\nNow known simply as Opera, the browser has become very popular despite the competition. Opera Software has grown to more than 500 employees since it first moved to its present offices in Oslo.\nAt a board meeting in January 2004, Geir Ivars\u00f8y announced his wish to resign as a board member in Opera Software, though he remained active in the company even after that. In June 2005 he was elected as a member of the Nomination Committee of the company.\nIvars\u00f8y died in March 2006 after a long battle with cancer. Opera distributions starting with Version 9 state \"In memory of Geir Ivars\u00f8y\" on their opera:about page.", "Q7027": "Straubing is an independent city in Lower Bavaria, southern Germany. It is seat of the district of Straubing-Bogen. Annually in August the G\u00e4ubodenvolksfest, the second largest fair in Bavaria, is held.\nThe city is located on the Danube forming the centre of the G\u00e4uboden.", "Q65949": "Wimmis is a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q97507": "Aloisia Wagner (born 1906/1907, date of death unknown), better known by her stage name Violetta, was born without legs or arms with a condition known as tetra-amelia syndrome. She was born in Hemelingen, Germany, and had a lengthy career in sideshow performance.\n\nOn March 23, 1924, she left her birth city of Bremen-Hemelingen, Germany, with her stepbrother and manager, Karl Grobecker, aboard the SS George Washington which arrived in New York on April 3, 1924. According to the ship manifest, Aloisia had blonde hair and green eyes, was 3 feet tall, and was allowed into the U.S. for 25 weeks to work for Samuel W. Gompertz in his Dreamland Circus Side Show. She is shown to be the daughter of Elise Wagner, of Hemelingen, Moltkestr. 26 (map). The manifest's \"Held For Special Inquiry\" page shows that both were held (in hospital) for one day before being allowed to enter the U.S. Other pages of the manifest from this ship show many members of the John Robinson Circus, which was later acquired by John Nicholas Ringling, Violetta's later employer.\nFor many years Aloisia performed in several sideshows and Freak shows as a singer and oddity, including Coney Island's Dreamland, the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, and the Mighty Haag Circus. A 1925 photo (shown on page) shows her performing at the World Museum (freak show) in Los Angeles. According to his biography, famed writer Jean Cocteau visited Violetta at Luna Park, Paris in 1927, describing her as \"a stubborn German woman.\" In 1929, the Belgium surrealist journal Vari\u00e9t\u00e9s published a photo of Violetta.\nWallace Stort of the London Life Magazine wrote of her several times. Stort's 1940 article is the last known publication referencing Violetta, describing in detail how she moved herself by hopping from place to place on the bottom of her torso, and was able to manipulate objects with her mouth enough to comb her own hair, dress herself, thread a needle, and sew. Stort also stated that Violetta was married and wore her wedding band on a gold chain around her neck, though no other information about her husband can be found.\n\n", "Q742825": "Daniel Edwin Barker (born June 25, 1949) is an American atheist activist and musician who served as an evangelical Christian preacher and composer for 19 years but left Christianity in 1984. He and his wife Annie Laurie Gaylor are the current co-presidents of the Freedom From Religion Foundation. He has written numerous articles for Freethought Today, an American freethought newspaper. He is the author of several books including Losing Faith in Faith: From Preacher to Atheist.Barker has been an invited speaker at Rock Beyond Belief. He is on the speakers bureau of the Secular Student Alliance.", "Q98634": "Hans Bunge (born Hans-Joachim Bunge; 3 December 1919 in Arnsdorf, Saxony \u2013 27 May 1990 in Berlin) was a German Dramaturg, Director and Author. \nBunge became famous through his conversations with Hanns Eisler about Brecht.", "Q90268": "Josef Herbert Ernst Fiala, born 2 September 1928 in Vienna, is an Austrian automotive engineer.", "Q243066": "Sigrid Comb\u00fcchen (born 16 January 1942) is a Swedish novelist, essayist, literary critic and journalist.", "Q961373": "Stan Kasten (born February 1, 1952, in Lakewood Township, New Jersey) is the former president of the Atlanta Braves and the Washington Nationals, and the current president and part-owner of the Los Angeles Dodgers. Long involved in Atlanta professional sports, he also served as general manager of the NBA's Atlanta Hawks and president of the NHL's Atlanta Thrashers.", "Q88427": "J\u00fcrgen Kuczynski (German pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u028f\u0281\u0261n\u0329 ku\u02c8t\u0283\u026anski\u02d0]; 17 September 1904, Elberfeld \u2013 6 August 1997, Berlin) was a German economist and communist. He worked with the US Army during the Second World War while in exile in England, and at the same time served as a spy for the Soviet Union, passing extensive information to them. After the war, he initially returned to Germany on assignment with the US Army. He settled in East Germany, part of the Soviet Union zone of influence, and became one of its leading intellectuals.", "Q205033": "The Chicago Bears are a professional American football team based in Chicago. The Bears compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. The Bears have won nine NFL Championships, including one Super Bowl, and hold the NFL record for the most enshrinees in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the most retired jersey numbers. The Bears have also recorded more victories than any other NFL franchise.The franchise was founded in Decatur, Illinois, on September 17, 1920, and moved to Chicago in 1921. It is one of only two remaining franchises from the NFL's founding in 1920, along with the Arizona Cardinals, which was originally also in Chicago. The team played home games at Wrigley Field on Chicago's North Side through the 1970 season; they now play at Soldier Field on the Near South Side, adjacent to Lake Michigan. The Bears have a long-standing rivalry with the Green Bay Packers.The team headquarters, Halas Hall, is in the Chicago suburb of Lake Forest, Illinois. The Bears practice at adjoining facilities there during the season, and began hosting Training Camp at Halas Hall in 2020 after major renovations.\n\n", "Q431873": "The Wolf Man is a 1941 American horror film written by Curt Siodmak and produced and directed by George Waggner. The film stars Lon Chaney Jr. in the title role. Claude Rains, Warren William, Ralph Bellamy, Patric Knowles, Bela Lugosi, Evelyn Ankers, and Maria Ouspenskaya star in supporting roles. The title character has had a great deal of influence on Hollywood's depictions of the legend of the werewolf. The film is the second Universal Pictures werewolf film, preceded six years earlier by the less commercially successful Werewolf of London (1935).\nLon Chaney Jr. would reprise his classic role as \"The Wolf Man\" in four sequels, beginning with Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man in 1943.", "Q542137": "Pennie Smith (born in London) is an English photographer, known for her photography of the rock music industry. She specialises in black-and-white photography.\n\n", "Q1164670": "Daniel Kortchmar (born April 6, 1946) is an American guitarist, session musician, producer and songwriter. Kortchmar's work with singer-songwriters such as Linda Ronstadt, James Taylor, David Crosby, Carole King, David Cassidy, Graham Nash, Neil Young, and Carly Simon helped define the signature sound of the singer-songwriter era of the 1970s. Jackson Browne and Don Henley have recorded many songs written or co-written by Kortchmar, and Kortchmar was Henley's songwriting and producing partner in the 1980s.", "Q98152": "Ignaz Auer (19 April 1846 \u2013 10 April 1907) was a Bavarian Social Democratic politician who served as a member of the German Reichstag intermittently between 1877 and 1906. He was born in Dommelstadl in 1846, the son of a butcher, and joined the Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1866. In 1872, he moved to Berlin as a saddler, where he met and became friends with Eduard Bernstein, later an influential Marxist theoretician. He was an active participant in the unity congress of 1875 at Gotha, which founded the Social Democratic Party of Germany, and later became Party Secretary of the SPD. Though on the right of the party, Auer was a pragmatist and viewed attempts to formulate social democratic reformism theoretically as harmful to its real political practice. He remarked to Bernstein during the controversy over the latter's theory of revisionism, \"What you call for, my dear Ede, is something which one neither admits openly nor puts to a formal vote; one simply gets on with it.\" Auer died in Berlin on 10 April 1907.", "Q63486": "Horst Schumann (1 May 1906 \u2013 5 May 1983) was an SS-Sturmbannf\u00fchrer (major) and medical doctor who conducted sterilization and castration experiments at Auschwitz and was particularly interested in the mass sterilization of Jews by means of X-rays.", "Q215546": "Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, fashion designer, author and actress. She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of American Idol in 2005. Her debut single, \"Inside Your Heaven\", made her the only country artist to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and the only solo country artist in the 2000s to have a number-one song on the Hot 100. Her debut album, Some Hearts (2005), was bolstered by the huge crossover success of the singles \"Jesus, Take the Wheel\" and \"Before He Cheats\", becoming the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history, the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history and the best-selling country album of the last 17 years. Underwood won three Grammy Awards for the album, including Best New Artist.\nHer second album, Carnival Ride, followed in 2007. It had one of the biggest opening weeks of all time by a female artist and won two Grammy Awards. Her next album, 2009's Play On, was a commercial success led by the single \"Cowboy Casanova\". Underwood's fourth album, Blown Away (2012), earned her a Grammy Award and was that year's second best-selling release by a female artist. Her first compilation album, Greatest Hits: Decade #1 (2014), was a chart and sales success that spawned the Grammy Award-winning crossover single \"Something in the Water\". Her fifth album, Storyteller (2015), made her the only country artist to have all first five studio albums reach either numbers one or two on the Billboard 200 chart. With her sixth album, Cry Pretty (2018), she became the only woman to top the Billboard 200 with four country albums, and had both the biggest week for any album by a woman in 2018 and the best-selling solo female album of the year.\nUnderwood has sold 70 million records worldwide. She is the fifth highest-certified female artist of all time on the RIAA's Top Artists (Digital Singles) ranking, the highest-certified country album artist to debut in the twenty-first century and the woman with the most number-one singles on the Billboard Country Airplay chart, with 15. Her accolades include seven Grammy Awards, 11 Billboard Music Awards, 15 American Music Awards, a Guinness world record, 14 ACM Awards and nine CMA Awards. Acclaimed by Rolling Stone as \"the female vocalist of her generation of any genre\", she was listed by Time as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2014. Billboard named her the top female country artist of both the 2000s and 2010s, and Some Hearts the top country album of the 2000s. Forbes has declared her the most successful American Idol winner. She has been inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Grand Ole Opry, Oklahoma Hall of Fame and Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame. She has further ventured into fashion\u2014creating a fitness clothing line named CALIA by Carrie in 2015, and into writing\u2014releasing the New York Times best-selling fitness/lifestyle book Find Your Path in 2020.", "Q253513": "Alexandra Elizabeth \"Ally\" Sheedy (born June 13, 1962) is an American actress and author. Following her film debut in 1983's Bad Boys, she became known as one of the Brat Pack group of actors in the films The Breakfast Club (1985) and St. Elmo's Fire (1985). She also acted in WarGames (1983) and Short Circuit (1986). For her performance in Lisa Cholodenko's High Art (1998), Sheedy won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead.", "Q42448": "Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. With some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base. The population of the City of Sheffield is 582,506 (mid-2018 est.) and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the Core Cities Group. Sheffield is the second-largest city in the Yorkshire and the Humber region and the third-largest English district by population. The metropolitan population of Sheffield is 1,569,000.The city is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines, and the valleys of the River Don and its four tributaries, the Loxley, the Porter Brook, the Rivelin and the Sheaf. Sixty-one per cent of Sheffield's entire area is green space, and a third of the city lies within the Peak District national park. There are more than 250 parks, woodlands and gardens in the city, which is estimated to contain around 4.5 million trees.Sheffield played a crucial role in the Industrial Revolution, with many significant inventions and technologies developed in the city. In the 19th century, the city saw a huge expansion of its traditional cutlery trade, when stainless steel and crucible steel were developed locally, fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population. Sheffield received its municipal charter in 1843, becoming the City of Sheffield in 1893. International competition in iron and steel caused a decline in these industries in the 1970s and 1980s, coinciding with the collapse of coal mining in the area.\nThe 21st century has seen extensive redevelopment in Sheffield, along with other British cities. Sheffield's gross value added (GVA) has increased by 60% since 1997, standing at \u00a311.3 billion in 2015. The economy has experienced steady growth averaging around 5% annually, greater than that of the broader region of Yorkshire and the Humber.The city has a long sporting heritage, and is home to the world's oldest football club, Sheffield F.C. Games between the two professional clubs, Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday, are known as the Steel City derby. The city is also home to the World Snooker Championship and the Sheffield Steelers, the UK's first professional ice hockey team.\n\n", "Q126652": "Frantic is a 1988 American-French neo-noir mystery thriller film directed by Roman Polanski and starring Harrison Ford and Emmanuelle Seigner. The film score is by Ennio Morricone.", "Q81403": "Pablo Espinosa Doncel (born March 10, 1992) is a Spanish actor, singer and musician. He is best known for playing Tom\u00e1s in the first season of the Disney Channel television series Violetta.", "Q158398": "Iron Sky is a 2012 Finnish-German-Australian comic-science-fiction action film directed by Timo Vuorensola and written by Johanna Sinisalo and Michael Kalesniko. It tells the story of a group of Nazi Germans who, having been defeated in 1945, fled to the Moon, where they built a space fleet to return in 2018 and conquer Earth.\nIron Sky comes from the creators of Star Wreck: In the Pirkinning and was produced by Tero Kaukomaa of Blind Spot Pictures and Energia Productions, co-produced by New Holland Pictures and 27 Films, and co-financed by numerous individual supporters; Samuli Torssonen was responsible for the computer-generated imagery. It was theatrically released throughout Europe in April 2012. A director's cut of the film with 20 additional minutes was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 11 March 2014.A video-game adaptation titled Iron Sky: Invasion was released in October 2012. \nA sequel, titled Iron Sky: The Coming Race, was crowdfunded through Indiegogo and released in January 2019.", "Q460382": "No\u00e9 Jitrik was born in Argentina in 1928 and is one of Latin America's foremost literary critics. \nHe is director of the Instituto de literatura hispanoamericana at the University of Buenos Aires, and was a notable participant in the cultural journal Contorno in the 1950s in Argentina. \nWhile originally enamored of the work of Jorge Luis Borges he became convinced that Borges had nothing new to write after the publication of El hacedor in 1960 and his unfavorable criticism of Borges slowly became what he could only term \"complex\" in an article in 1981 in Les Temps Modernes.", "Q62798": "The Baroness Gertrud von Le Fort (full name Gertrud Auguste Lina Elsbeth Mathilde Petrea Freiin von Le Fort; 11 October 1876 \u2013 1 November 1971) was a German writer of novels, poems and essays.", "Q958294": "Lucien-Anatole Pr\u00e9vost-Paradol (8 August 1829, Paris \u2013 20 July 1870, Washington, D.C.) was a French journalist and essayist.\n\n", "Q7999": "Llu\u00eds Llach i Grande (Catalan pronunciation: [\u028eu\u02c8iz \u02c8\u028eak]; born 7 May 1948) is a Spanish singer-songwriter from Catalonia. He is one of the main representatives of the nova can\u00e7\u00f3 genre and an outspoken advocate of the right to self-determination of Catalonia. His most famous song, \"L'Estaca\", has become the unofficial anthem of the Catalan independence movement. He was a member of the Catalan Parliament from September 2015 until January 2018.", "Q733762": "Nicolae Tonitza (Romanian pronunciation: [niko\u02c8la.e to\u02c8nit\u0361sa]; April 13, 1886 \u2013 February 27, 1940) was a Romanian painter, engraver, lithographer, journalist and art critic. Drawing inspiration from Post-impressionism and Expressionism, he had a major role in introducing modernist guidelines to local art.", "Q3325947": "Mouna Ayoub (Arabic: \u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u200e) (born on 27 February 1957 in Kuwait) is a well-known French socialite and businesswoman of Lebanese origin. Frequently in the media, she is often a guest of the Cannes film festival and makes headlines in French gossip magazines.", "Q1330": "Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn Prieto Vial (American Spanish: [xo\u02c8se xo.a\u02c8kim \u02c8p\u027ejeto]; August 20, 1786 \u2013 November 22, 1854) was a Chilean military and political figure. He was twice President of Chile between 1831 and 1841. Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn Prieto was of Spanish and Basque descent.\n\n", "Q9088950": "Chou Kung-shin (Chinese: \u5468\u529f\u946b; pinyin: Zh\u014du G\u014dngx\u012bn; born 14 April 1947) is a Taiwanese scholar, writer, historian and archaeologist. She served as President of National Palace Museum from May 2008 till July 2012.", "Q727717": "Ram\u00f3n P\u00e9rez de Ayala y Fern\u00e1ndez del Portal (9 August 1880, in Oviedo \u2013 5 August 1962, in Madrid) was a Spanish writer. He was the Spanish ambassador to England in London (1931-1936) and voluntarily exiled himself to Argentina via France because of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).\nHe was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Q78918": "Clemens Heinrich Krauss (31 March 1893 \u2013 16 May 1954) was an Austrian conductor and opera impresario, particularly associated with the music of Richard Strauss.\nKrauss was born in Vienna to Clementine Krauss, then a 15-year-old dancer in the Vienna Imperial Opera Ballet, later a leading actress and operetta singer, niece of the prominent nineteenth-century operatic soprano Gabrielle Krauss. His natural father, Chevalier Hector Baltazzi (1851-1916), came from a family of wealthy Phanariot bankers resident in Vienna. Baltazzi's older sister Helene was married to Baron Albin Vetsera and was the mother of Baroness Mary Vetsera, who was accordingly Clemens Krauss' first cousin.Krauss sang in the Hofkapelle (Imperial Choir) as a Vienna Choir Boy. He graduated from the Vienna Conservatory in 1912, after studying composition with Hermann Graedener and theory with Richard Heuberger there. He was then appointed chorus master in the Brno Theater (1912-1913), where he made his conducting debut in 1913. The famous Romanian soprano Viorica Ursuleac, who often sang under him, became his second wife.", "Q303456": "Skidoo is an American comedy film directed by Otto Preminger, starring Jackie Gleason and Carol Channing, written by Doran William Cannon and released by Paramount Pictures on December 19, 1968. The screenplay satirizes late 1960s counterculture lifestyle and its creature comforts, technology, anti-technology, hippies, free love and then-topical use of the drug LSD.Along with top-billed Gleason and Channing, Skidoo also stars Frankie Avalon, Fred Clark (who died on December 5, two weeks before the film's release), Michael Constantine, Frank Gorshin, John Phillip Law, Peter Lawford, Burgess Meredith, George Raft, Cesar Romero, Mickey Rooney and Groucho Marx playing \"God\" (making, at age 77, his final film appearance). Singer-songwriter Nilsson, who wrote the score and receives credit as a member of the cast, appears in a few brief scenes with Fred Clark, as both portray prison tower guards swaying to Nilsson's music while under the influence of LSD.", "Q295420": "Mikhail Nikolayevich Baryshnikov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0301\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, IPA: [m\u02b2\u026ax\u0250\u02c8il b\u0250r\u0268\u0282\u02c8n\u02b2\u026ak\u0259f]; Latvian: Mihails Bari\u0161\u0146ikovs; born January 27, 1948), nicknamed \"Misha\" (Russian diminutive of the name \"Mikhail\"), is a Latvian SSR born Russian and American dancer, choreographer, and actor. He is often cited alongside Vaslav Nijinsky, Rudolf Nureyev and Vladimir Vasiliev as one of the greatest male ballet dancers in history.\nBorn in Riga, Latvian SSR, Baryshnikov had a promising start in the Kirov Ballet in Leningrad before defecting to Canada in 1974 for more opportunities in Western dance. After dancing with American Ballet Theater, he joined the New York City Ballet as a principal dancer for one season to learn George Balanchine's neoclassical Russian style of movement. He then returned with the American Ballet Theatre, where he later became artistic director. Baryshnikov has spearheaded many of his own artistic projects and has been associated in particular with promoting modern dance, premiering dozens of new works, including many of his own. His success as a dramatic actor on stage, cinema and television has helped him become probably the most widely recognized contemporary ballet dancer. Since his defection from the Soviet Union in 1974, Baryshnikov has never returned to Russia.In 1977, he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and a Golden Globe nomination for his work as \"Yuri Kopeikine\" in the film The Turning Point. He starred in the movie White Nights with Gregory Hines, Helen Mirren, and Isabella Rossellini, and had a significant role in the last season of the television series Sex and the City.", "Q92319": "Frank Thiess (13 March 1890 \u2013 22 December 1977) was a German writer.", "Q1676985": "Jacques Butler (sometimes Jack Butler) (April 29, 1909 \u2013 2003) was an American jazz trumpeter and vocalist.\nButler was raised in Washington, DC, where he picked up trumpet in his late teens. He played with Cliff Jackson and Horace Henderson in New York City, then joined Marion Hardy's Alabamians in 1931-32. He led his own ensemble in 1934-1935 and made recordings with Willie Bryant before relocating to Europe in 1936. There he played for several years with Willie Lewis, as well as with Frank \"Big Boy\" Goudie and with his own bands. In 1940 he was in New York again, where he played with Mercer Ellington, Art Hodes, Mezz Mezzrow, and Bingie Madison. After a brief stay in Toronto he moved back to Europe in 1950, remaining there until 1968 as a regular at the La Cigale club in Paris. In the 1970s he worked often in New York, as a sideman with Clyde Bernhardt among others.", "Q122434": "Jean Willi (born October 14, 1945) is a Swiss painter and author.", "Q2349578": "The Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs is a professional public policy school at Princeton University. The school provides an array of comprehensive coursework in the fields of international development, foreign policy, science and technology, and economics and finance through its undergraduate (AB) degrees, graduate Master of Public Affairs (MPA), Master of Public Policy (MPP), and PhD degrees. Since 2012, Cecilia Rouse has been dean of the Woodrow Wilson School. The school is consistently ranked as one of the best institutions for the study of international relations and public affairs in the country and in the world. Foreign Policy ranks the Woodrow Wilson School as No. 2 in International Relations at the undergraduate and at the PhD level in the world behind the Harvard Kennedy School.", "Q633010": "Juli\u00e1n G\u00f3mez Garc\u00eda-Ribera, better known as Juli\u00e1n Gorkin (January 1901, Benifair\u00f3 de les Valls - 8 August 1987, Paris) was a Spanish revolutionary socialist, writer and a central leader of the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) during the Spanish Civil War. He was a writer of many books on political and cultural themes, as well as novels and some plays. After the Spanish Civil War, he escaped to Mexico where he became a part of the strong anti-Stalinist socialist community there. He helped obtain visas for Victor Serge and his son Vlady to enter Mexico when they had to escape from the Nazis invading France.\nBy the time he returned to Paris in 1948 he had become an anti-communist. From 1953 to 1963 (with a brief interlude in 1959) he was editor in Paris of the periodical \"Cuadernos\" published by the CIA front group Congress for Cultural Freedom\".", "Q333595": "Ricardo Gonzalo Pedro Montalb\u00e1n y Merino, KSG (; Spanish pronunciation: [montal\u02c8\u03b2an]; 25 November 1920 \u2013 14 January 2009) was a prominent actor in American television and film. Born in Mexico, Montalb\u00e1n's career spanned seven decades, during which he became known for many performances in a variety of genres, from crime and drama to musicals and comedy.\nAmong his notable roles was Armando in the Planet of the Apes film series from the early 1970s, wherein he starred in Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971) and Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972).\nRicardo Montalb\u00e1n played Mr. Roarke on the television series Fantasy Island (1977\u20131984), and Khan Noonien Singh in both the original Star Trek series (1967) and the film Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982). He won an Emmy Award for his role in the miniseries How the West Was Won (1978), and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Screen Actors Guild in 1993. \nMontalb\u00e1n was professionally active into his 80s, when he provided voices for animated films and commercials, and appeared as Grandfather Valentin in the Spy Kids franchise. During the 1970s and '80s he was a spokesman in automobile advertisements for Chrysler, including those in which he extolled the \"rich Corinthian leather\" used for the Cordoba's interior.", "Q3286752": "Manuel Francisco Ayau Cord\u00f3n (December 27, 1925 \u2013 August 4, 2010) was the Founder of the Universidad Francisco Marroqu\u00edn in Guatemala. He was born in Guatemala City, on December 27, 1925. After diverse studies, he obtained a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Louisiana State University in 1950, an L.H.D. from Hillsdale College in 1973, and an honorary degree in law (Legum Doctor) from Northwood University in 1994.", "Q237081": "Karolina Myroslavivna Kuiek (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u0454\u043a, Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u0435\u043a, also transliterated as Kuyek or Kuek; born 27 September 1978), popularly known as Ani Lorak (Ukrainian: \u0410\u043d\u0456 \u041b\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043a), is a Ukrainian singer, songwriter, actress, entrepreneur, and former UN Goodwill Ambassador. Having received Ukraine's most prestigious and honorary title, the People's Artist of Ukraine, Lorak has been cited as one of the most powerful and influential women in her country, as well as ranked one of the most beautiful women from Eastern Europe. Ani Lorak reported the highest income of all singers in Ukraine in 2014 Lorak became known outside of the former Soviet Union after she represented Ukraine at the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with the song \"Shady Lady\", coming in second place behind Dima Bilan from Russia.", "Q57723": "Tuilaepa Lupesoliai Neioti Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi (born 14 April 1945) is a Samoan politician who has been Prime Minister of Samoa since 1998.\n\n", "Q4800342": "Arthur St. Clair Colyar (June 23, 1818 \u2013 December 13, 1907) was an American lawyer, Confederate politician, and newspaper editor.", "Q28954025": "Castle Rock is an American psychological horror anthology web television series, featuring and inspired by characters, settings, and themes from the stories created by Stephen King and his fictional town of Castle Rock, Maine. The series premiered on July 25, 2018 on Hulu. It was created by Sam Shaw and Dustin Thomason, and stars Andr\u00e9 Holland, Melanie Lynskey, Bill Skarsg\u00e5rd, Jane Levy, and Sissy Spacek in its first season. On August 14, 2018, it was announced that the series had been renewed for a second season, which premiered on October 23, 2019.", "Q489252": "Mike Zwerin (May 18, 1930 \u2013 April 2, 2010) was an American cool jazz musician and author. Zwerin as a musician played the trombone and bass trumpet within various jazz ensembles. He was active within the jazz and progressive jazz musical community as a session musician. Zwerin found a way to pursue both his interests as an author living in New York, where he was born, and his passion for music by taking positions as a broadcaster, and other journalistic and media positions while maintaining his musical career as well. Although he gained notoriety for his writing, he may be best known to the public for his work with Miles Davis in 1948 as part of his Birth of the Cool band. Additionally, Zwerin also worked with Maynard Ferguson, Claude Thornhill, Archie Shepp and Bill Russo, among many others.After a period as jazz critic of New York's Village Voice (1964\u201369), he was the publication's European editor (1969\u201371). Zwerin was also the Paris-based jazz critic for the International Herald Tribune for 21 years, then later for Bloomberg News.Mike Zwerin died aged 79 in Paris after a long illness on April 2, 2010.", "Q76935": "Horst Faas (28 April 1933 \u2013 10 May 2012) was a German photo-journalist and two-time Pulitzer Prize winner. He is best known for his images of the Vietnam War.", "Q16019": "Wolfgang Sch\u00e4uble ([\u02c8v\u0254lf\u0261a\u014b \u02c8\u0283\u0254\u028fbl\u0259]; born 18 September 1942) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party whose political career has spanned more than four decades. He is one of the most experienced and longest serving politicians in German history and since 2017 has been the President of the Bundestag.\nBorn in Freiburg Im Breisgau in 1942, Sch\u00e4uble studied at both the University of Freiburg and the University of Hamburg and subsequently began a career in law at the district court of Offenburg in 1978. His political career began in 1969 as a member of the Junge Union, the youth division of the CDU and CSU; in 1972, Sch\u00e4uble was elected to the Bundestag by winning the constituency seat of Offenburg, and he was still a member of the Bundestag in 2017. His ministerial career began in 1984 when he was appointed Minister for Special Affairs by Chancellor Helmut Kohl. In a 1989 reshuffle, Sch\u00e4uble was appointed Minister of the Interior, and he led negotiations for reunification on behalf of the Federal Republic of Germany. During his tenure as Minister of the Interior, Sch\u00e4uble was one of the most popular politicians in Germany and was regularly mentioned as a possible future Chancellor, though he faced occasional criticism from civil rights activists for his law and order policies.After the defeat of the CDU/CSU in the 1998 federal election, Sch\u00e4uble succeeded his mentor Helmut Kohl as Chairman of the CDU, but resigned after less than two years in the aftermath of the 1999 party financing scandal. In 2005, Sch\u00e4uble again became Minister of the Interior in the Cabinet of Chancellor Angela Merkel, and in 2009 Minister of Finance, a position he remained in for almost eight years. Described in this capacity as \"Germany's second most powerful person\" after Merkel, he took a hard line towards Southern European countries during the eurozone crisis and rejected calls from the International Monetary Fund to give Greece more time to rein in deficits. A proponent of austerity policies, Sch\u00e4uble's 2014 budget allowed Germany to take on no new debt for the first time since 1969, which is generally known as Black Zero in CDU election campaigns.\nOn 27 September 2017 the CDU/CSU group in the Bundestag announced Sch\u00e4uble's nomination as President of the Bundestag. He was elected to that position on 24 October 2017.", "Q269843": "Taylor Jane Schilling (born July 27, 1984) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Piper Chapman on the Netflix original comedy-drama series Orange Is the New Black (2013\u20132019), for which she received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy and Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama. She made her film debut in the 2007 drama Dark Matter. Schilling also starred as Nurse Veronica Flanagan Callahan in the short-lived NBC medical drama Mercy (2009\u201310). Her other films include Atlas Shrugged: Part I (2011), the romantic drama The Lucky One (2012), the comedy Take Me (2017) and the science fiction thriller The Titan (2018).", "Q770883": "Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz (13 March 1931 \u2013 17 July 1980) was a noted writer, dramatist, journalist, social commentator, university professor, and socialist political leader from Bolivia. In 1964 Marcelo won the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction for his novel Los Deshabitados. \n\n", "Q49509": "Kondraty Fyodorovich Ryleyev, also spelled Kondraty Feodorovich Ryleev (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u044b\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432, September 29 (September 18 O.S.), 1795 \u2013 July 25 (July 13 O.S.), 1826) was a Russian poet, publisher, and a leader of the Decembrist Revolt, which attempted to overthrow the Russian monarchy in 1825.", "Q85671": "Prof. Dr. Kurt Joachim Lauk (born 19 May 1946, Stuttgart), is a German politician and a former Member of the European Parliament for Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.", "Q374812": "Adriana Altaras (born 6 April 1960, Zagreb) is a German actress, theater director and writer, born in Zagreb.\nAltaras was born in Zagreb, SFR Yugoslavia to Jewish parents, Thea Altaras (n\u00e9e Fuhrmann) and Jakob Altaras. Due to political persecution she escaped Zagreb with her mother to Italy in 1964, in a car driven by her Italian uncle. She stayed with her mother in Italy for a few years, long enough to learn Italian. \nFrom Italy Altaras moved to Konstanz, Germany in 1967. After high school education, Altaras graduated from the Berlin University of the Arts. Altaras completed her academic studies in New York City. She founded the Western Stadthirschen theater in Berlin where she works as an actress, director and writer. In 1982 she made her movie debut, and in 1989 she had a lead role in Der Philosoph, directed by Rudolf Thome. However, the focus of her work remained with the various theater projects. She worked as a theater director at the Berliner Ensemble and Neuk\u00f6llner Oper in Berlin. \nIn 1993, Altaras received the Theater Prize of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia. In 1998 she received the Deutscher Filmpreis Award. In 1999, she received the 2nd Audience Award Friedrich Luft, Berlin. In 2000, she received a Silver Bear for acting.Altaras worked with Steven Spielberg's Shoah Foundation as an interviewer and lecturer. Altaras has two sons with composer Wolfgang B\u00f6hmer; Aaron and Leonard Altaras.", "Q1072774": "Frank Herbert's Children of Dune is a three-part science fiction miniseries written by John Harrison and directed by Greg Yaitanes, based on Frank Herbert's novels Dune Messiah (1969) and Children of Dune (1976). First broadcast in the United States on March 16, 2003, Children of Dune is the sequel to the 2000 miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune (based on Herbert's 1965 novel Dune), and was produced by the Sci Fi Channel. Children of Dune and its predecessor are two of the three highest-rated programs ever to be broadcast on the Sci-Fi Channel.\nIn 2003, Children of Dune won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Visual Effects, and was nominated for three additional Emmys.", "Q61285": "The \u02bbukulele ( YOO-k\u0259-LAY-lee; from Hawaiian: \u02bbukulele [\u02c8\u0294uku\u02c8l\u025bl\u025b], approximately OO-koo-LEH-leh) or ukelele is a member of the lute family of instruments. It generally employs four nylon strings.The \u02bbukulele originated in the 19th century as a Hawaiian adaptation of the Portuguese machete, a small guitar-like instrument, which was introduced to Hawaii by Portuguese immigrants, mainly from Madeira and the Azores. It gained great popularity elsewhere in the United States during the early 20th century and from there spread internationally.\nThe tone and volume of the instrument vary with size and construction. Ukuleles commonly come in four sizes: soprano, concert, tenor, and baritone.", "Q237095": "Madeleine de Scud\u00e9ry (15 November 1607 \u2013 2 June 1701), often known simply as Mademoiselle de Scud\u00e9ry, was a French writer. \nHer works also demonstrate such comprehensive knowledge of ancient history that it is suspected she had received instruction in Greek and Latin. In 1637, following the death of her uncle, Scud\u00e9ry established herself in Paris with her brother. Georges de Scud\u00e9ry became a playwright. Madeleine often used her older brother's name, George, to publish her works. She was at once admitted to the H\u00f4tel de Rambouillet coterie, and afterwards established a salon of her own under the title of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 du samedi (Saturday Society). For the last half of the 17th century, under the pseudonym of Sapho or her own name, she was acknowledged as the first bluestocking of France and of the world. She formed a close romantic relationship with Paul Pellisson which was only ended by his death in 1693. She never married.", "Q41155": "Heraclitus of Ephesus (; Greek: \u1f29\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u1f18\u03c6\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, translit. H\u0113r\u00e1kleitos ho Eph\u00e9sios; c.\u2009535 \u2013 c.\u2009475 BC, fl. 504/3 BC\u2013501/0 BC) son of Bloson, was a pre-Socratic Ionian Greek philosopher, and a native of the city of Ephesus, in modern-day Turkey and then part of the Persian Empire. \nDue to the oracular and paradoxical nature of his philosophy, and his fondness for word play, he was called \"The Obscure\" even in antiquity. He wrote a single work, On Nature, but the obscurity is made worse by its remaining only in fragments. His cryptic utterances have been the subject of numerous interpretations. He has been seen variously as a \"material monist or a process philosopher; a scientific cosmologist, a metaphysician, or mainly a religious thinker; an empiricist, a rationalist, or a mystic; a conventional thinker or a revolutionary; a developer of logic or one who denied the law of non-contradiction; the first genuine philosopher or an anti-intellectual obscurantist.\"He was of distinguished parentage but eschewed his privileged life for a lonely one as a philosopher. Little else is known about his early life and education. He regarded himself as self-taught and a pioneer of wisdom. He was considered a misanthrope given to depression; he was also called \"the weeping philosopher\", in contrast to Democritus, \"the laughing philosopher\". \nHeraclitus believed the world was in accordance with Logos (literally, \"word\", \"reason\", or \"account\"). He also believed the world was ultimately made of fire. He was committed to a unity of opposites and harmony in the world. He was most famous for his insistence on ever-present change, or flux or becoming, as the characteristic feature of the world, as stated in the famous saying, \"No man ever steps in the same river twice\" as well as \"Panta rhei\", everything flows. This aspect of his philosophy is contrasted with that of Parmenides, who believed in being, and that nothing changes. Both had an influence on Plato and thus on all of Western philosophy.", "Q3131752": "Henri Pavin de Lafarge (17 October 1889 \u2013 30 June 1965) was a French businessman and politician. He served as a member of the French Senate from 1930 to 1945, where he represented Ard\u00e8che.", "Q200639": "Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Val\u00e9ry (French: [p\u0254l vale\u0281i]; 30 October 1871 \u2013 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, music, and current events. Val\u00e9ry was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 12 different years.", "Q180081": "Marcus Porcius Cato (; 234\u2013149 BC), also known as Cato the Elder (Latin: Cato Major), the Censor (Censorius), the Wise (Sapiens), and the Ancient (Priscus), was a Roman soldier, senator and historian known for his conservatism and opposition to Hellenization. He was the first to write history in Latin. His epithet \"Elder\" distinguishes him from his equally famous great-grandson Cato the Younger, who opposed Julius Caesar.\nHe came from an ancient Plebeian family who were noted for their military service. Like his forefathers, Cato was devoted to agriculture when not serving in the army. Having attracted the attention of Lucius Valerius Flaccus, he was brought to Rome and began to follow the cursus honorum: he was successively military tribune (214 BC), quaestor (204 BC), aedile (199 BC), praetor (198 BC), junior consul (195 BC) together with Flaccus, and censor (184 BC). As praetor, he expelled usurers from Sardinia. As censor, he tried to save Rome's ancestral customs and combat \"degenerate\" Hellenistic influences.", "Q11762": "J\u00fcrgen Trittin (born 25 July 1954) is a German Green politician. He was Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety from 1998 to 2005 in Germany.", "Q549076": "Joseph Isaac Spadafora Whitaker (19 March 1850 in Palermo \u2013 3 November 1936 in Rome) was a Sicilian-English ornithologist, archaeologist and sportsman. He is mainly known for his work on the birds of Tunisia, and for being involved in the foundation of the Sicilian football club US Citt\u00e0 di Palermo.", "Q57737": "Houston Stewart Chamberlain (; 9 September 1855 \u2013 9 January 1927) was a British-born German philosopher who wrote works about political philosophy and natural science; he is described by Michael D. Biddiss, a contributor to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, as a \"racialist writer\". Chamberlain married Eva von B\u00fclow, the daughter of composer Richard Wagner, in December 1908, twenty-five years after Wagner's death.Chamberlain's best known book is the two-volume Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century), published in 1899, which became highly influential in the pan-Germanic v\u00f6lkisch movements of the early 20th century and later influenced the antisemitism of Nazi racial policy. Indeed, Chamberlain has been referred to as \"Hitler's John the Baptist\".", "Q219368": "Judith Pamela Butler (born February 24, 1956) is an American philosopher and gender theorist whose work has influenced political philosophy, ethics, and the fields of third-wave feminist, queer, and literary theory. In 1993, she began teaching at the University of California, Berkeley, where she has served, beginning in 1998, as the Maxine Elliot Professor in the Department of Comparative Literature and the Program of Critical Theory. She is also the Hannah Arendt Chair at the European Graduate School.Butler is best known for her books Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (1990) and Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex (1993), in which she challenges conventional notions of gender and develops her theory of gender performativity. This theory has had a major influence on feminist and queer scholarship. Her works are often studied in film studies courses emphasizing gender studies and performativity in discourse.\nButler has supported lesbian and gay rights movements and has spoken out on many contemporary political issues. In particular, she is a vocal critic of Zionism, Israeli politics, and its effect on the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict, emphasizing that Israel does not and should not be taken to represent all Jews or Jewish opinion.\n\n", "Q838206": "Little Charlie & the Nightcats was an American four-piece electric blues and swing revival combo, which dissolved in 2008 and re-formed as Rick Estrin & the Nightcats.\n\n", "Q93013": "Fabrice Bellard (French pronunciation: \u200b[fa.b\u0281is b\u025b.la\u0281]) is a computer programmer who created the FFmpeg, QEMU, and Tiny C Compiler software projects. He also developed Bellard's formula for calculating single digits of pi.\n\n", "Q269857": "Pilar Castro Parrilla (born October 12, 1970 in Madrid) is a Spanish actress.\nShe studied drama in Cristina Rota's school and became well-known from Spanish TV series.", "Q30974": "Rouen (UK: , US: , French: [\u0281w\u0251\u0303] (listen) or [\u0281u\u0251\u0303]) is a city on the River Seine in northern France. It is the capital of the region of Normandy. Formerly one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe, the population of the metropolitan area (French: agglom\u00e9ration) is now 111,557. Rouen was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy during the Middle Ages. It was one of the capitals of the Anglo-Norman dynasties, which ruled both England and large parts of modern France from the 11th to the 15th centuries. People from Rouen are known as Rouennais.", "Q519899": "Roberta Kelly (born November 23, 1942 in Los Angeles, California, United States) is an American disco and urban contemporary gospel singer who scored three hits on the US Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart between 1976 and 1978. Her most successful US hit single, \"Trouble-Maker\", spent two weeks at No. 1.\nFrom 1975 until 1983, she also performed as a backing vocalist with Thelma Houston and on a number of Donna Summer albums.", "Q211734": "Athens International Airport Eleftherios Venizelos (Greek: \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u00ab\u0395\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03b6\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb, Diethn\u00eds Aerolim\u00e9nas Athin\u00f3n \"Elefth\u00e9rios Veniz\u00e9los\"), commonly initialised as AIA (IATA: ATH, ICAO: LGAV), is the largest international airport in Greece, serving the city of Athens and region of Attica. It began operation on 28 March 2001 (in time for the 2004 Summer Olympics) and is the main base of Aegean Airlines, as well as other smaller Greek airlines. It is located near the old Ellinikon International Airport. Athens International is currently a member of Group 1 of Airports Council International (over 25 million) as of 2019, it is the 26th-busiest airport in Europe.", "Q446437": "Elena Garro (December 11, 1916? \u2013 August 22, 1998) was a Mexican screenwriter, journalist, dramaturg, short story writer, and novelist. She was commonly affiliated with the Magical Realism movement, though she rejected this affiliation. She is a recipient of the Sor Juana In\u00e9s de la Cruz Prize.\n\n", "Q2622648": "Richard \"Rich\" Skrenta (born 1967 (age 52\u201353) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is a computer programmer and Silicon Valley entrepreneur who created the web search engine blekko.", "Q1207347": "Shibuya-kei (Japanese: \u6e0b\u8c37\u7cfb, lit. \"Shibuya style\") is a microgenre of pop music or a general aesthetic that flourished in the mid to late 1990s. Emerging as Japanese retail music from the Shibuya district of Tokyo, artists purveyed a cut-and-paste style that was inspired by previous genres based on kitsch, fusion, and artifice. Shibuya-kei inherited musical characteristics from earlier 1980s Japanese city pop, while incorporating strong influences from 1960s culture and Western pop music, especially the orchestral domains occupied by producers Burt Bacharach, Brian Wilson, Phil Spector, and singer Serge Gainsbourg.Unlike other Japanese music scenes, Western audiences did not necessarily cross over into anime fandoms, but rather indie pop enthusiasts. This was partly because many of its bands were distributed in the United States through major indie labels like Matador and Grand Royal. Flipper's Guitar, a duo led by Kenji Ozawa and Keigo Oyamada (Cornelius), formed the bedrock of the genre and influenced all of its groups, but the most prominent Shibuya-kei band was Pizzicato Five, who fused mainstream J-pop with a mix of jazz, soul, and lounge influences. Shibuya-kei peaked in the late 1990s and declined after its principal players began moving into other music styles.", "Q166262": "Batman Begins is a 2005 superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan and written by Nolan and David S. Goyer. Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it stars Christian Bale, Michael Caine, Liam Neeson, Katie Holmes, Gary Oldman, Cillian Murphy, Tom Wilkinson, Rutger Hauer, Ken Watanabe, and Morgan Freeman. The film reboots the Batman film series, telling the origin story of Bruce Wayne from the death of his parents to his journey to become Batman and his fight to stop Ra's al Ghul and the Scarecrow from plunging Gotham City into chaos.\nFollowing the poor reception of Batman Forever (1995) and Batman & Robin (1997), a series of unsuccessful attempts were made to resurrect Batman on the big screen which put the Batman film series on hold for nearly eight years. Then, in early 2003, Nolan and Goyer began work on Batman Begins. Aiming for a darker, more realistic tone compared to the previous films, a primary goal for their vision was to engage the audience's emotional investment in both the Batman and Bruce Wayne identities of the lead character. The film, which was principally shot in the United Kingdom, Iceland and Chicago, relied heavily on traditional stunts and miniature effects, with computer-generated imagery being used in a minimal capacity compared to other action films. Comic book storylines such as The Man Who Falls, Batman: Year One and Batman: The Long Halloween served as inspiration.\nBatman Begins opened on June 15, 2005, in the United States and Canada in 3,858 theaters. It grossed over $48 million in its opening weekend in North America, eventually grossing over $371 million worldwide. The film was met with highly positive reviews, with critics praising the tone, Bale's performance, action sequences, score, direction, and the emotional weight compared to previous Batman films. Often cited as one of the most influential films of the 2000s, Batman Begins was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography and three BAFTA awards. It was followed by The Dark Knight (2008) and The Dark Knight Rises (2012), with the three films constituting The Dark Knight Trilogy.", "Q235682": "Madison Lee De La Garza (born December 28, 2001) is an American actress. She is known for playing Juanita Solis on Desperate Housewives. She is the younger half-sister of singer, songwriter and actress Demi Lovato.", "Q3133145": "Sir Henry Solomon Wellcome (August 21, 1853 \u2013 July 25, 1936) was an American-born British pharmaceutical entrepreneur. He founded the pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Company with his colleague Silas Burroughs in 1880, which is one of the four large companies to eventually merge to form GlaxoSmithKline. In addition, he left a large amount of capital for charitable work in his will, which was used to form the Wellcome Trust, one of the world's largest medical charities. He was also a keen collector of medical artifacts which are now displayed at the Wellcome Collection.\n\n", "Q2827467": "To be distinguished from former president of Mali Amadou Toumani Tour\u00e9Ahmadou Tour\u00e9 is the Minister of Commerce, Mines and Industry of Mali since 24 April 2012.", "Q917597": "Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein (born Paul Caiafa on September 15, 1964) is an American guitarist best known for his material with the horror punk band the Misfits and his own band eponymously named Doyle.\n\n", "Q159092": "Angela Gheorghiu (Romanian pronunciation: [an\u02c8d\u0361\u0292ela \u0261e\u032for\u02c8\u0261i.u] (listen); n\u00e9e Burlacu; born 7 September 1965) is a Romanian soprano.Since her professional debut in 1990, she has performed in leading roles of several operas at New York's Metropolitan Opera, London's Royal Opera House, the Vienna State Opera, Milan's La Scala, and many other opera houses in Europe and the United States. She has a substantial discography primarily with EMI Classics and Decca and is especially known for her performances in the operas of Puccini.", "Q1285436": "Raymond Edward Brown (May 22, 1928 \u2013 August 8, 1998) was an American Catholic priest, a member of the Sulpician Fathers and a prominent biblical scholar. He was regarded as a specialist concerning the hypothetical \"Johannine community\", which he speculated contributed to the authorship of the Gospel of John, and he also wrote influential studies on the birth and death of Jesus. Brown was professor emeritus at Union Theological Seminary (UTS) in New York where he taught for 29 years. He was the first Catholic professor to gain tenure there, where he earned a reputation as a superior lecturer.", "Q456624": "Ambala (), \nis a city and a municipal corporation in Ambala district in the state of Haryana, India, located on the border with the Indian state of Punjab and in proximity to both states capital Chandigarh. Politically; Ambala has two sub-areas: Ambala Cantonment also known as (Ambala Cantt) and Ambala City, eight kilometres apart, therefore it is also known as \"Twin City\". It has a large Indian Army and Indian Air Force presence within its cantonment area. Ambala separates the Ganges river network from the Indus river network and is surrounded by two rivers \u2013 Ghaggar and Tangri \u2013 to the north and to the south. Due to its geographical location, the Ambala district plays an important role in local tourism, being located 47 km (28 miles) south of Chandigarh, the state capital, 148 km (93 miles) southwest of Shimla, 198 km (121 miles) north of New Delhi and 260 km (155 miles) southeast of Amritsar", "Q130024": "John Hardy Isakson (born December 28, 1944) is an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Georgia from 2005 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously represented Georgia's 6th Congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2005.\nBorn in Atlanta, Georgia, Isakson served in the Georgia Air National Guard (1966\u20131972) and graduated from the University of Georgia. He opened a real estate branch for Northside Realty and later served 22 years as the company's president. After a failed bid for the Georgia House of Representatives in 1974, he was elected in 1976. He served seven terms, including four as minority leader. Isakson was the Republican candidate for governor of Georgia in 1990, but lost. Two years later, he was elected to the Georgia Senate and served one term. He unsuccessfully ran in the Republican primary in the 1996 U.S. Senate election.\nAfter 6th District Congressman and Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich resigned, Isakson ran in the February 1999 special election to succeed him, winning by a 40-point margin. He ran for the U.S. Senate in 2004 after Democratic incumbent Zell Miller opted not to run for re-election. With the backing of much of Georgia's Republican establishment, he won both the primary and general elections by wide margins. He became the senior Senator from Georgia when Saxby Chambliss retired in 2015. On December 31, 2019, midway through his third Senate term, Isakson resigned from the Senate due to health concerns.", "Q948093": "Juhani Juice Leskinen (formerly Pauli Matti Juhani \"Juice\" Leskinen), better known as just Juice Leskinen (pronounced [\u02c8juise \u02c8leskinen] (listen), (unlike the English word juice); 19 February 1950 \u2013 24 November 2006), was one of the most prominent Finnish singer-songwriters of the late 20th century. From the early 1970s onward he released nearly 30 full-length albums, as well as writing song lyrics for dozens of Finnish artists. Several of Leskinen's songs have reached classic status in Finnish popular music, e.g., \"Viidestoista y\u00f6\", \"Kaksoisel\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4\" and \"Syksyn s\u00e4vel\". His early records are considered staples of the so-called Manserock movement of the mid-'70s. In addition to Leskinen's musical work, he extended his focus to poetry and playwriting with nine collections of verse and seven plays published.\nAfter moving to Tampere to study in 1970, Leskinen began his recording career in 1973 with the eponymous debut album of Juice Leskinen & Coitus Int. One more record, Per Vers, runoilija, was made under the same band name, but from then on he released records with several line-ups, most notably Juice Leskinen Slam and Juice Leskinen Grand Slam from the late\n1970s until the mid 1980s. Although concentrating more on poetry from the early 1990s, Leskinen still released new music every few years despite his failing health caused by years of unhealthy life habits. After the longest hiatus of his recording career, L marked Leskinen's 50th birthday in 2000. His last record, Senaattori ja boheemi (released in 2004), is a collaboration with Mikko Alatalo, a return to their partnership of the early 1970s. He wrote \"Nuku pommiin\" in 1982 for the Eurovision Song Contest.\nJuice Leskinen's most famous songs include \"Viidestoista y\u00f6\" (Fifteenth Night), \"Musta aurinko nousee\", \"Marilyn\", \"Rakkauden ammattilainen\" (Professional of Love) and \"Norjalainen villapaita\" (Norwegian cardigan).\nLeskinen was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome in the early 2000s.He qualified 38th in the poll of the 100 Greatest Finns held during the summer of 2004.\nLeskinen died in 2006 after suffering from chronic kidney disease, cirrhosis and diabetes. He is buried in Kalevankangas cemetery, Tampere, near the main gate.Leskinen has gained a considerable amount of posthumous recognition. A musical about Leskinen, titled Juice \u2013 taiteilijael\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4 (an artist's life) premiered in Tampere on 30 August 2011.\nIn 2015, two film companies announced plans for biography films. One of them was cancelled.\nIn 2014 a biography of Leskinen was published, written by Antti Heikkinen, and named Risainen el\u00e4m\u00e4. Juice Leskinen 1950\u20132006.", "Q73859": "Paul Erich Frielinghaus (born 14 December 1959 in Darmstadt, Germany) is a German television actor. Since 2000 he plays a leading role on the German TV series Ein Fall f\u00fcr Zwei.", "Q99258": "Hartmut Geerken (born 15 January 1939 in Stuttgart, Germany) is a German musician, composer, writer, journalist, playwright, and filmmaker.\n\n", "Q9778": "Electronic music is music that employs electronic musical instruments, digital instruments and circuitry-based music technology. In general, a distinction can be made between sound produced using electromechanical means (electroacoustic music), and that produced using electronics only. Electromechanical instruments include mechanical elements, such as strings, hammers, and so on, and electric elements, such as magnetic pickups, power amplifiers and loudspeakers. Examples of electromechanical sound producing devices include the telharmonium, Hammond organ, and the electric guitar, which are typically made loud enough for performers and audiences to hear with an instrument amplifier and speaker cabinet. Pure electronic instruments do not have vibrating strings, hammers, or other sound-producing mechanisms. Devices such as the theremin, synthesizer, and computer can produce electronic sounds.The first electronic devices for performing music were developed at the end of the 19th century, and shortly afterward Italian futurists explored sounds that had not been considered musical. During the 1920s and 1930s, electronic instruments were introduced and the first compositions for electronic instruments were made. By the 1940s, magnetic audio tape allowed musicians to tape sounds and then modify them by changing the tape speed or direction, leading to the development of electroacoustic tape music in the 1940s, in Egypt and France. Musique concr\u00e8te, created in Paris in 1948, was based on editing together recorded fragments of natural and industrial sounds. Music produced solely from electronic generators was first produced in Germany in 1953. Electronic music was also created in Japan and the United States beginning in the 1950s. An important new development was the advent of computers to compose music. Algorithmic composition with computers was first demonstrated in the 1950s (although algorithmic composition per se without a computer had occurred much earlier, for example Mozart's Musikalisches W\u00fcrfelspiel).\nIn the 1960s, live electronics were pioneered in America and Europe, Japanese electronic musical instruments began influencing the music industry, and Jamaican dub music emerged as a form of popular electronic music. In the early 1970s, the monophonic Minimoog synthesizer and Japanese drum machines helped popularize synthesized electronic music.\nIn the 1970s, electronic music began having a significant influence on popular music, with the adoption of polyphonic synthesizers, electronic drums, drum machines, and turntables, through the emergence of genres such as disco, krautrock, new wave, synth-pop, hip hop and EDM. In the 1980s, electronic music became more dominant in popular music, with a greater reliance on synthesizers, and the adoption of programmable drum machines such as the Roland TR-808 and bass synthesizers such as the TB-303. In the early 1980s, digital technologies for synthesizers including digital synthesizers such as the Yamaha DX7 were popularized, and a group of musicians and music merchants developed the Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI).\nElectronically produced music became prevalent in the popular domain by the 1990s, because of the advent of affordable music technology. Contemporary electronic music includes many varieties and ranges from experimental art music to popular forms such as electronic dance music. Today, pop electronic music is most recognizable in its 4/4 form and more connected with the mainstream culture as opposed to its preceding forms which were specialized to niche markets.", "Q106596": "Michael Neander (originally Neumann) (April 3, 1529 \u2013 October 23, 1581) was a German teacher, mathematician, medical academic, and astronomer.\nHe was born in Joachimsthal, Bohemia, and was educated at the University of Wittenberg, receiving his B.A. in 1549 and M.A. in 1550.\nFrom 1551 until 1561 he taught mathematics and astronomy in Jena, Germany. He became a professor in 1558 when the school where he taught became a university. From 1560 until his death he was a professor of medicine at the University of Jena.\nHe died in Jena, Germany. The crater Neander on the Moon is named after him.", "Q1353064": "Maurice L\u00e9vy (February 28, 1838, Ribeauvill\u00e9 \u2013 September 30, 1910, Paris) was a French engineer and member of the Institut de France.\nL\u00e9vy was born in Ribeauvill\u00e9 in Alsace. Educated at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique, where he was a student of Adh\u00e9mar Jean Claude Barr\u00e9 de Saint-Venant, and the \u00c9cole des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es, he became an engineer in 1863. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870\u20131871), he was entrusted by the Government of National Defense with the control of part of the artillery. During the next decade he held several educational positions, becoming professor at the \u00c9cole Centrale in 1875, member of the commission of the geodetic survey of France in 1879, and professor at the Coll\u00e8ge de France in 1885.\n\n", "Q733776": "Richard Jude Ciccolella (born November 30, 1947) is an American actor and singer. He is perhaps best known for playing Mike Novick in the television series 24 from 2001 to 2006.", "Q1324": "An\u00edbal Pinto Garmendia (American Spanish: [a\u02c8ni\u03b2al \u02c8pinto]; March 15, 1825 \u2013 June 9, 1884) was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile between 1876 and 1881.", "Q439585": "Gillian Zinser is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Ivy Sullivan on The CW teen drama series 90210.", "Q170366": "Ahvaz (Persian: \u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u200e, romanized: Ahv\u0101z), also spelled Ahwaz or Al-Ahwaz (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632\u200e or \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0632), is a city in the southwest of Iran and the capital of Khuzestan province. Ahvaz's population is about 1,300,000 and its built-up area with the nearby town of Sheybani is home to 1,136,989 inhabitants. It is home to Persians, Arabs, Bakhtiaris, Dezfulis, Shushtaris, etc. and different languages are spoken in it, such as Persian, Arabic, the Luri dialects of Luri (Bakhtiari dialect), Dezfuli, Shushtari, etc.Iran's only navigable river, the Karun, passes by the middle of the city. It has a long history dating back to the Achaemenid period. In the ancient times, it had been one of the main centers of the Academy of Gondishapur.", "Q255610": "Reagan Jae Pasternak (born March 8, 1977) is a Canadian actress known for her role as Julianne in the TV series Being Erica.", "Q74850": "Jerome Froese (born 24 November 1970 in Berlin, Germany) is a German musician who, in 1990, officially joined his father Edgar Froese in the band Tangerine Dream. He remained a member until 2006. Prior to his direct involvement in Tangerine Dream, Froese often appeared on the covers of the band's albums as a child, beginning with the 1973 release of Atem, when he was two years four months old at the time the album was released.", "Q65785": "Bronschhofen is a former municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It merged into Wil on 1 January 2013.", "Q1442": "Septimius Severus ( s\u0259-VEER-\u0259s; Latin: Lucius Septimius Severus Augustus; 11 April 145 \u2013 4 February 211), also known as Severus, was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa. As a young man he advanced through the customary succession of offices under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Severus seized power after the death of Emperor Pertinax in 193 during the Year of the Five Emperors.\nAfter deposing and killing the incumbent emperor Didius Julianus, Severus fought his rival claimants, the Roman generals Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus. Niger was defeated in 194 at the Battle of Issus in Cilicia. Later that year Severus waged a short punitive campaign beyond the eastern frontier, annexing the Kingdom of Osroene as a new province. Severus defeated Albinus three years later at the Battle of Lugdunum in Gaul.\nAfter consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged another brief, more successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacking their capital Ctesiphon in 197 and expanding the eastern frontier to the Tigris. He then enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes, capturing their capital Garama and expanding the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern desert frontier of the empire. He proclaimed as Augusti (co-emperors) his elder son Caracalla in 198 and his younger son Geta in 209, both born of his second wife Julia Domna.\nSeverus travelled to Britain in 208, strengthening Hadrian's Wall and reoccupying the Antonine Wall. In AD 209 he invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland) with an army of 50,000 men but his ambitions were cut short when he fell fatally ill of an infectious disease in late 210. He died in early 211 at Eboracum (today York, England), and was succeeded by his sons, thus founding the Severan dynasty. It was the last dynasty of the Roman Empire before the Crisis of the Third Century.", "Q2039033": "The Universidad Nacional de Asunci\u00f3n or Mbo'ehaovusu Tet\u00e3gua Paraguaygua, abbreviated UNA, anglicized as, The National University of Asuncion, is a public university in Paraguay. Founded in 1889, it is the oldest and most traditional university in the country.", "Q440720": "Jeri Lynn Mooney (born January 28, 1944), better known as Susan Howard, is an American actress, writer, and political activist. She is perhaps best known for portraying the character Donna Culver Krebbs on the prime time serial Dallas (1979\u201387), and as a co-star of the series Petrocelli (1974\u201376). She is also a screenwriter and member of the Writers Guild of America.", "Q670897": "Arizona State University (commonly referred to as ASU or Arizona State) is a public metropolitan research university on five campuses across the Phoenix metropolitan area, and four regional learning centers throughout Arizona.\nASU is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the U.S. As of fall 2019, the university had nearly 90,000 students attending classes across its metro campuses, more than 38,000 students attending online, including 83,000-plus undergraduates and more nearly 20,000 postgraduates. The university is organized into 17 colleges, featuring more than 170 cross-discipline centers and institutes. ASU offers 350 degree options for undergraduates students, as well as more than 400 graduate degree and certificate programs.ASU has nearly 600 ASU scholar-athletes across 26 varsity-level sports. The Arizona State Sun Devils compete in the Pac-12 Conference and have won 59 Pac-10/Pac-12 championships dating back to 1979, and have captured 24 NCAA championships dating to its first (baseball) title in 1965. In addition to its athletic program, the university is home to over 1,100 registered student organizations.ASU's charter, approved by the board of regents in 2014, is based on the \"New American University\" model created by ASU President Michael M. Crow upon his appointment as the institution's 16th president in 2002. It defines ASU as \"a comprehensive public research university, measured not by whom it excludes, but rather by whom it includes and how they succeed; advancing research and discovery of public value; and assuming fundamental responsibility for the economic, social, cultural and overall health of the communities it serves.\"\nSince 2005, ASU has been ranked among the top research universities in the U.S., public and private, based on research output, innovation, development, research expenditures, number of awarded patents and awarded research grant proposals. The 2019 university ratings by U.S. News & World Report rank ASU No. 1 among the Most Innovative Schools in America for the fourth year in a row. U.S. News & World Report shows 83% of the student applications get accepted.A diverse faculty of more than 4,700 scholars includes 4 Nobel laureates, 6 Pulitzer Prize winners, 4 MacArthur Fellows Program \"Genius Grant\" members and 19 National Academy of Sciences members. Additionally, among the faculty are 180 Fulbright Program American Scholars, 72 National Endowment for the Humanities fellows, 38 American Council of Learned Societies fellows, 36 members of the Guggenheim Fellowship, 21 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 3 members of National Academy of Inventors, 9 National Academy of Engineering members and 3 National Academy of Medicine members. The National Academies has bestowed \"highly prestigious\" recognition on 227 ASU faculty members.", "Q223786": "January Kristen Jones (born January 5, 1978) is an American actress and model, best known for portraying the role of Betty Draper in Mad Men (2007\u20132015), for which she was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama and a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series.She portrayed Melissa Chartres in Fox's comedy television series The Last Man on Earth (2015\u20132018). She also starred in films American Wedding (2003), We Are Marshall (2006), The Boat That Rocked (2009), Unknown (2011), Seeking Justice (2011) and X-Men: First Class (2011).", "Q678213": "Neal Hirsh Ulevich (born June 18, 1946) is an American photographer. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1977 for \"photographs of disorder and brutality in the streets of Bangkok\".", "Q7033": "Nordhausen is a city in Thuringia, Germany. It is the capital of the Nordhausen district and the urban centre of northern Thuringia and the southern Harz region; its population is 42,000. Nordhausen is located approximately 60 km (37 miles) north of Erfurt, 80 km (50 miles) west of Halle, 85 km (53 miles) south of Braunschweig and 60 km (37 miles) east of G\u00f6ttingen.\nNordhausen was first mentioned in records in the year 927 and became one of the most important cities in central Germany during the later Middle Ages. The city is situated on the Zorge river, a tributary of the Helme within the fertile region of Goldene Aue (golden floodplain) at the southern edge of the Harz mountains. In the early 13th century, it became a free imperial city, so that it was an independent and republican self-ruled member of the Holy Roman Empire. Due to its long-distance trade, Nordhausen was prosperous and influential, with a population of 8,000 around 1500. It was the third-largest city in Thuringia after Erfurt, today's capital, and M\u00fchlhausen, the other free imperial city in the land.\nNordhausen was once known for its tobacco industry and is still known for its distilled spirit, Nordh\u00e4user Doppelkorn. Industrialization accompanied railway construction that linked the cities to major markets in the mid-19th century. In the late 19th century, narrow-gauge railways were constructed in this region through the Harz mountains. In December 1898 the Nordhausen-Wernigerode Railway Company (Nordhausen-Wernigeroder Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft) or NWE added a line, with the full network operating by 1899. The Harz Narrow Gauge Railways are maintained today by local authorities and frequented primarily by tourists.\nIn the early 20th century, this became a centre of the engineering and arms industries. During World War II, the Nazi German government established and operated the nearby KZ Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp, where 60,000 forced labourers had to work in the arms industry. They were prisoners of war and persons from occupied territories. Some 20,000 persons died because of the bad conditions. In April 1945, most of the city was destroyed by Royal Air Force bombings, resulting in 8,800 casualties (more than 20% of the population). Most of the historic buildings in the city were destroyed; it suffered the most damage during the war of any city in Thuringia. A week later the United States troops occupied the city, followed weeks later by the Soviet Red Army. The city was within the Soviet zone of occupation, and later the territory was known as East Germany. Hundreds of German scientists and their families from Nordhausen were among thousands deported to the Soviet Union after the war to work on advanced rocket and other arms engineering projects.\nNordhausen is the birthplace of the famous mathematician Oswald Teichm\u00fcller, known for his groundbreaking work on the Teichm\u00fcller spaces \u2013 which were named after him. It is the site of the Nordhausen University of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschule Nordhausen), founded in 1997 after the reunification of Germany. The university has 2,500 students.", "Q74688": "Theodor Mundt (September 19, 1808 \u2013 November 30, 1861) was a German critic and novelist. He was a member of the Young Germany group of German writers.", "Q296883": "Joseph Peter Pantoliano (born September 12, 1951) is an American film and television character actor. Early roles include that of a wounded soldier in the television series M*A*S*H, and the pimp Guido in 1983's Risky Business. He starred as Caesar in the Wachowskis' directorial debut Bound and played Cypher in their second film The Matrix (1999). Among his television credits are appearances in Hill Street Blues, NYPD Blue, and two seasons as Ralph Cifaretto in The Sopranos.\nPantoliano is a published author and is active in the field of mental health, having documented his mother's and his own issues. He founded the nonprofit No Kidding, Me Too! dedicated to removing the stigma from mental illness.\n\n", "Q130742": "Alanis Nadine Morissette (born June 1, 1974) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Known for her emotive mezzo-soprano voice, Morissette began her career in Canada in the early 1990s with two mildly successful dance-pop albums. Afterwards, as part of a recording deal, she moved to Holmby Hills, Los Angeles and in 1995 released Jagged Little Pill, a more rock-oriented album which sold more than 33 million copies globally and is her most critically acclaimed work. Her follow-up album, Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie, was released in 1998.\nMorissette assumed creative control and producing duties for her subsequent studio albums, including Under Rug Swept (2002), So-Called Chaos (2004), and Flavors of Entanglement (2008). Her eighth studio album and most recent to date, Havoc and Bright Lights, was released in 2012. Morissette has sold more than 75 million records worldwide and has been dubbed the \"Queen of Alt-Rock Angst\" by Rolling Stone.", "Q408758": "Robert Henry Robinson (17 December 1927 \u2013 12 August 2011) was an English radio and television presenter, game show host, journalist and author.", "Q449062": "Dame Barbara Windsor, (born Barbara Ann Deeks; 6 August 1937) is an English actress, known for her appearances in the Carry On films and for playing Peggy Mitchell in the BBC One soap opera EastEnders. She joined the cast of EastEnders in 1994 and won the 1999 British Soap Award for Best Actress, before ultimately leaving the show in 2016 when her character was killed off.\nWindsor began her career on stage in 1950 at the age of 13 and made her film debut as a schoolgirl in The Belles of St Trinian's (1954). She received a BAFTA Award nomination for the film Sparrows Can't Sing (1963), and a Tony Award nomination for the 1964 Broadway production of Oh, What A Lovely War!. In 1972, she starred opposite Vanessa Redgrave in the West End production of The Threepenny Opera. Between 1964 and 1974, she appeared in nine Carry On films, including Carry On Spying (1964), Carry On Doctor (1967), Carry On Camping (1969), Carry On Henry (1971) and Carry On Abroad (1972). She also co-presented the 1977 Carry On compilation That's Carry On!.\nHer other film roles include A Study in Terror (1965), Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968), and as the voice of Mallymkun -The Dormouse in Alice in Wonderland (2010) and Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016).\nShe was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to charity and entertainment.", "Q88433": "Madeleine Petrovic (born 25 June 1956) is an Austrian politician. From 1994 to 1996 she was federal spokesperson of the Austrian Green Party.\nHer maiden name is Demand. She attended Austrian gymnasium which she finished 1974, and studied law at the University of Vienna, finishing in 1978. She then studied management science at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration, finishing in 1982. She received an additional diploma as certified interpreter for English and French.\nAfter working as assistant and lector at the university, she was employed by the Ministry of Social Affairs.During the first mailbomb series of Austrian terrorist Franz Fuchs, on December 5, 1993 a mailbomb targeted at her was discovered and neutralized. The same day Vienna's mayor Helmut Zilk was seriously injured by another mailbomb.", "Q231382": "Kristen Carroll Wiig (; born August 22, 1973) is an American actress, comedian, writer, and producer. She was born in Canandaigua, New York, and raised in both Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and Rochester, New York. She later relocated to Los Angeles, where she broke into comedy as a member of the improvisational comedy troupe The Groundlings, and made her television debut in 2003.\nWiig joined the cast of Saturday Night Live in 2005, and the following year, she appeared in the Christmas comedy film Unaccompanied Minors. After appearing in a series of supporting roles in comedy films such as Knocked Up (2007), Adventureland (2009), Whip It (2009), and Paul (2011), she starred in, and co-wrote the screenplay for the comedy film Bridesmaids (2011), which was both critically and commercially successful. The film earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress \u2013 Musical or Comedy, as well as nominations for the BAFTA and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Cast.Wiig provided her voice for the animated franchises Despicable Me (2010\u201317) and How to Train Your Dragon (2010\u201319), and was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her role as Cynthia Morehouse in the comedy miniseries The Spoils of Babylon (2014). Wiig's other notable films include Girl Most Likely (2012), The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (2013), The Skeleton Twins (2014), Welcome to Me (2014), The Diary of a Teenage Girl (2015), The Martian (2015), Ghostbusters (2016), Downsizing (2017), Mother! (2017), and Where'd You Go, Bernadette (2019).", "Q1233784": "The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, commonly known as the Inner Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court (professional associations for barristers and judges) in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, a person must belong to one of these Inns. It is located in the wider Temple area of the capital, near the Royal Courts of Justice, and within the City of London.\nThe Inn is a professional body that provides legal training, selection, and regulation for members. It is ruled by a governing council called \"Parliament\", made up of the Masters of the Bench (or \"Benchers\"), and led by the Treasurer, who is elected to serve a one-year term. The Temple takes its name from the Knights Templar, who originally (until their abolition in 1312) leased the land to the Temple's inhabitants (Templars). The Inner Temple was a distinct society from at least 1388, although as with all the Inns of Court its precise date of founding is not known. After a disrupted early period (during which the Temple was almost entirely destroyed in the Peasants' Revolt) it flourished, becoming the second-largest Inn during the Elizabethan period (after Gray's Inn).\nThe Inner Temple expanded during the reigns of James I and Charles I, with 1,700 students admitted between 1600 and 1640. The First English Civil War's outbreak led to a complete suspension of legal education, with the Inns close to being shut down for almost four years. Following the English Restoration the Inner Templars welcomed Charles II back to London personally with a lavish banquet.\nAfter a period of slow decline in the 18th century, the following 100 years saw a restoration of the Temple's fortunes, with buildings constructed or restored, such as the Hall and the Library. Much of this work was destroyed during The Blitz, when the Hall, Temple, Temple Church, and many sets of chambers were devastated. Rebuilding was completed in 1959, and today the Temple is a flourishing and active Inn of Court, with over 8,000 members.", "Q258334": "Sheila Kelley (born October 9, 1961) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Gwen Taylor on L.A. Law and as Dr. Charlotte \"Charley\" Bennett Hayes on Sisters.", "Q390558": "Rune Carlsten (1890\u20131970) was a Swedish actor, screenwriter and film director.", "Q809965": "Beecher Ray Kirby (December 26, 1911 \u2013 October 17, 2002), better known as Bashful Brother Oswald, was an American country musician who popularized the use of the resonator guitar and Dobro. He played with Roy Acuff's Smoky Mountain Boys and was a member of the Grand Ole Opry.\nThough he released only a few recordings as a solo artist, he played as a session musician on numerous records, including the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band's 1972 album Will the Circle be Unbroken.", "Q729048": "Olavo Luiz Pimentel de Carvalho (born 29 April 1947) is a Brazilian polemicist, self-promoted philosopher, political pundit, former astrologer and journalist living since 2005 in Richmond, Virginia.While publishing about politics, literature and philosophy since the 1980s, he made himself known to wider Brazilian audiences from the 1990s on, mainly writing columns for some of Brazil's major media outlets, such as the newspaper O Globo. In the 2000s, he began to use personal blogs and social media to convey his strongly conservative and anti-communist ideas. In the late 2010s, he rose to prominence in the Brazilian public debate, being dubbed the \"intellectual father of the new right\" and the ideologue of Jair Bolsonaro, a label that he has rejected.As a polemicist, Carvalho has been praised for not complying with political correctness and criticized for often resorting to obscene ad hominem attacks. His books and articles have spread conspiracy theories and false information, and he has been accused of fomenting hate speech and anti-intellectualism. He positions himself as a critic of modernity. His interests include historical philosophy, the history of revolutionary movements, the Traditionalist School and comparative religion. His views are rejected by many philosophers.", "Q686867": "Guo Jingming (Chinese: \u90ed\u656c\u660e; pinyin: Gu\u014d J\u00ecngm\u00edng; born June 6, 1983) is a Chinese young adult writer. Also known as Edward Guo. In addition to being an author and businessperson, Guo is also a teen pop idol and popular celebrity figure. On the other hand, Guo is a polarizing figure. In 2007, he was voted on Tianya.com, one of the country's biggest online forums, as China's \"most hated male celebrity\" for the third year in a row. Yet three of his four novels have sold over a million copies each, and by 2007, he was one of the best selling authors in China.Guo Jingming is the president of Ke Ai Entertainment Company, which was established in 2004 by himself. Ke Ai mainly produces teen magazines such as \"Top Novel\" and \"Island\". In 2008, Guo Jingming signed a contract with Tian Yu Entertainment Company. Soon after, Guo was hired by Changjiang Publishing House in 2009 as a vice editor. Guo Jingming was the youngest member in China's Writers Association when he was just 23 years old. Guo is also a screenwriter and film director. Guo wrote and directed Tiny Times, Tiny Times 2, Tiny Times 3 and Tiny Times 4, all based on his own novels.", "Q934428": "Isaac Roberts FRS (27 January 1829 \u2013 17 July 1904) was a Welsh engineer and businessman best known for his work as an amateur astronomer, pioneering the field of astrophotography of nebulae. He was a member of the Liverpool Astronomical Society in England and was a fellow of the Royal Geological Society. Roberts was also awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1895.", "Q980833": "Frederick Augustus Conkling (August 22, 1816 \u2013 September 18, 1891) was a United States Representative from New York during the American Civil War. He was also a postbellum banker, insurance company executive, and writer.\n\n", "Q83566": "Isabel Allende (American Spanish: [isa\u02c8\u03b2el a\u02c8\u029dende] (listen); born August 2, 1942) is a Chilean writer. Allende, whose works sometimes contain aspects of the genre magical realism, is known for novels such as The House of the Spirits (La casa de los esp\u00edritus, 1982) and City of the Beasts (La ciudad de las bestias, 2002), which have been commercially successful. Allende has been called \"the world's most widely read Spanish-language author.\" In 2004, Allende was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and in 2010, she received Chile's National Literature Prize. President Barack Obama awarded her the 2014 Presidential Medal of Freedom.Allende's novels are often based upon her personal experience and historical events and pay homage to the lives of women, while weaving together elements of myth and realism. She has lectured and toured many U.S. colleges to teach literature. Fluent in English, Allende was granted United States citizenship in 1993, having lived in California since 1989, first with her U.S. husband (from whom she is now separated).", "Q247214": "Louis-Antoine Beaunier (15 January 1779 in Melun \u2013 20 August 1835 in Paris) was a French engineer.", "Q112285": "Wilfried Haslauer Jr. (born 3 May 1956 in Salzburg) is an Austrian politician (\u00d6VP) and lawyer. Since 19 June 2013 he has been Governor of Salzburg state.\nHis father, Wilfried Haslauer Sr., was Governor of Salzburg state from 1977 to 1989.\nWilfried Haslauer Jr. is married and has four children.\n\n", "Q1678002": "Jacques Herlin (17 August 1927 \u2013 7 June 2014) was a French character actor.\nBorn in Paris as Jacques de Jouette, he appeared in an impressive number of films from the early sixties. He was also active on stage and on television. He died in 2014 at the age of 86.", "Q1938003": "The Phi Beta Kappa Society (\u03a6\u0392\u039a) is the oldest academic honor society in the United States, and is often described as its most prestigious honor society, due to its long history and academic selectivity. Phi Beta Kappa aims to promote and advocate excellence in the liberal arts and sciences, and to induct the most outstanding students of arts and sciences at American colleges and universities. It was founded at the College of William and Mary on December 5, 1776 as the first collegiate Greek-letter fraternity and was among the earliest collegiate fraternal societies.Phi Beta Kappa (\u03a6\u0392\u039a) stands for \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u0392\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (Philosophia Biou Kybern\u0113t\u0113s), which means \"Love of learning [lit. wisdom] is the guide [lit. helmsman] of life\".\n\n", "Q241665": "Rachel Lauren Stevens (born 9 April 1978) is an English singer, television personality, actress and businesswoman. She was a member of the pop group S Club 7 between 1999 and 2003. She released her solo debut studio album Funky Dory in September 2003. The album reached number nine on the UK album chart and the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) awarded it with a gold certification in October 2003. Two singles, \"Sweet Dreams My LA Ex\" and \"Funky Dory\", were initially released from the album: \"Sweet Dreams My LA Ex\" peaked at number two in the UK and received a silver certification from the BPI.\nIn July 2004, Stevens released the single \"Some Girls\" as a charity record for Sport Relief, and the single's success prompted Polydor to re-issue Funky Dory with three new songs. Come and Get It, her second studio album, was released in October 2005. It peaked at No. 28 in the UK, and two of its three singles reached the Top 10.In 2008, she came second in the sixth series of the BBC One series Strictly Come Dancing with her dance partner Vincent Simone. On 16 November 2010, she gave birth to her first child, Amelie. In 2013, she was a mentor assistant on The X Factor New Zealand. In September 2013, Stevens announced she was pregnant with her second child and gave birth to Minnie on 1 April. Also in 2014, she was awarded FHM's sexiest woman of all time. Stevens became one of the coaches in the 4th season of RTE's The Voice of Ireland. Stevens' version of the song \"More, More, More\" has been used in adverts for sofa retailer ScS. In November 2014, S Club 7 announced plans for an arena reunion tour, titled Bring It All Back 2015, touring the UK in May 2015.", "Q1062201": "The Old Capital (translated English title of the Japanese Koto \u53e4\u90fd, which refers to the city Kyoto \u4eac\u90fd) is a novel by Yasunari Kawabata originally published in 1962. It was cited by the Nobel Committee in their decision to award Kawabata the 1968 Prize for Literature. A number of movie adaptations have been made of it, including Twin Sisters of Kyoto, which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1964.It was first translated into English in 1987 by J. Martin Holman. Holman's newly revised edition of his translation was published in February 2006 by Shoemaker and Hoard Press.", "Q256319": "The Gazette (stylized as the GazettE), originally known as Gazette (\u30ac\u30bc\u30c3\u30c8, Gazetto), is a Japanese visual kei rock band from Kanagawa formed in early 2002. The band is currently signed to Sony Music Records.", "Q953458": "John Augustin Daly (July 20, 1838 \u2013 June 7, 1899) was one of the most influential men in American theatre during his lifetime. Drama critic, theatre manager, playwright, and adapter, he became the first recognized stage director in America. He exercised a fierce and tyrannical control over all aspects of his productions. His rules of conduct for actors and actresses imposed heavy fines for late appearances and forgotten lines and earned him the title \"the autocrat of the stage.\" He formed a permanent company in New York and opened Daly's Theatre in New York in 1879 and a second one in London in 1893.", "Q362725": "William Lewis Douglas (August 22, 1845 \u2013 September 17, 1924) was a U.S. businessman and politician from Massachusetts. He served as the 42nd Governor of Massachusetts from 1905 until 1906. He also founded and oversaw the growth of the W. L. Douglas Shoe Company, a highly successful Brockton, Massachusetts business that became one of the world's largest shoe manufacturers. He also opened the first nationwide chain of shoe stores devoted to selling the company's products.\nDouglas received a minimal education, and was apprenticed into the shoe trade. He established his business in 1876, which grew rapidly over the next twenty years. He entered politics as a supporter of labor and an opponent of socialism, and funded his 1905 campaign for governor. In addition to labor causes, he supported reciprocity and tariff reductions in trade with Canada. He refused to run for reelection, and returned to his business.\n\n", "Q124904": "Johann Rudolf Huber (April 21, 1668 \u2013 February 28, 1748) was an eminent Swiss portrait artist. Among his famous subjects were Charles III William, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor and Albrecht von Haller .", "Q49284": "Judith Arlene Resnik (; April 5, 1949 \u2013 January 28, 1986) was an American electrical engineer, software engineer, biomedical engineer, pilot and NASA astronaut who died when the Space Shuttle Challenger was destroyed during the launch of mission STS-51-L. Resnik was the second American woman in space and the fourth woman in space worldwide, logging 145 hours in orbit. She was the first Jewish woman of any nationality in space. The IEEE Judith Resnik Award for space engineering is named in her honor.\nInitially planning to be a concert pianist, Resnik turned down a place at the Juilliard School of Music, choosing instead to study at Carnegie Mellon University after being 1 of only 16 women in the history of the United States to have attained a perfect score on the SAT exam at the time. She went on to graduate with a degree in electrical engineering from Carnegie Mellon before attaining a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland. Recognized while still a child for her \"intellectual brilliance,\" Resnik went on to work for RCA as an engineer on NASA missile and radar projects, was a senior systems engineer for Xerox Corporation and published research on special purpose integrated circuitry before she was recruited by NASA to the astronaut program as a mission specialist at age 28. While training on the astronaut program, she developed software and operating procedures for NASA missions. She was also a pilot and made research contributions to biomedical engineering as a research fellow of biomedical engineering at the National Institutes of Health.", "Q435354": "Raven Shamira Goodwin (born June 24, 1992) is an American actress. In television, she portrayed Tangie Cunningham on the comedy series Just Jordan, (2007\u20132008), Becca on the drama series Huge (2010), Ivy Wentz on the sitcom Good Luck Charlie (2010\u20132014), Niecy Patterson in the drama series Being Mary Jane (2013\u20132019), and Eliza on the comedy series SMILF (2017\u20132019). Her work in film includes starring as Annie Marks in the drama film Lovely & Amazing (2001), Cleo in the comedy film The Station Agent (2003), Young Jazmin Biltmore in the comedy film Phat Girlz (2006), and Lew in the action film Snatched (2017).", "Q228638": "Isla Lang Fisher (; born 1976) is a Scottish Australian actress and author who began her career on Australian television. Born to Scottish parents in Oman, she moved to Australia at age six. After appearing in television commercials at a young age, Fisher came to prominence for her portrayal of Shannon Reed on the soap opera Home and Away from 1994 to 1997, garnering two Logie Award nominations.\nFisher made a successful transition to Hollywood in the live-action film adaptation of Scooby-Doo (2002), and has since achieved fame for her roles in Wedding Crashers (2005), Hot Rod (2007), Confessions of a Shopaholic (2009), The Great Gatsby (2013), and Now You See Me (2013). Her other notable film credits include I Heart Huckabees (2004), The Lookout (2007), Definitely, Maybe (2008), Burke & Hare (2010), Bachelorette (2012), Visions (2015), Grimsby, Nocturnal Animals, Keeping Up with the Joneses (all 2016), and Tag (2018). In addition, she has voiced characters in animated films such as Horton Hears a Who! (2008), Rango (2011), and\nRise of the Guardians (2012). On television, she was cast in a recurring role on the fourth and fifth seasons of Arrested Development (2013, 2018).\nFisher has authored two young adult novels and the Marge in Charge book series.", "Q92480": "Friedrich Wilhelm Bernhard von Berg, also von Berg-Markienen, (20 November 1866 \u2013 9 March 1939) was a German politician and chairman of the Secret Civil Cabinet of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918.", "Q41800": "Raquel Eliana Argando\u00f1a de la Fuente (December 5, 1957 in Santiago de Chile) is a Chilean former beauty pageant contestant, TV presenter, actress mayor of Pelarco. She is best known for her role as the La Quintrala in the 1986 TV mini-series of the same name. Raquel Argando\u00f1a was also the 1975 Miss Universo Chile. Raquel is the mother of the actress-singer Raquel Calder\u00f3n.\n\n", "Q36450": "Catherine II (born Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst; 2 May 1729 \u2013 17 November 1796), most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796\u2014the country's longest-ruling female leader. She came to power following a coup d'\u00e9tat that she organised\u2014resulting in her husband, Peter III, being overthrown. Under her reign, Russia was revitalised; it grew larger and stronger, and was recognised as one of the great powers of Europe.\nIn her accession to power and her rule of the empire, Catherine often relied on her noble favourites, most notably count Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin. Assisted by highly successful generals such as Alexander Suvorov and Pyotr Rumyantsev, and admirals such as Fyodor Ushakov, she governed at a time when the Russian Empire was expanding rapidly by conquest and diplomacy. In the south, the Crimean Khanate was crushed following victories over the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish wars, and Russia colonised the territories of Novorossiya along the coasts of the Black and Azov Seas. In the west, the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, ruled by Catherine's former lover, King Stanis\u0142aw August Poniatowski, was eventually partitioned, with the Russian Empire gaining the largest share. In the east, Russia started to colonise Alaska, establishing Russian America.\nCatherine reformed the administration of Russian guberniyas, and many new cities and towns were founded on her orders. An admirer of Peter the Great, Catherine continued to modernize Russia along Western European lines. However, military conscription and the economy continued to depend on serfdom, and the increasing demands of the state and of private landowners intensified the exploitation of serf labor. This was one of the chief reasons behind several rebellions, including the large-scale Pugachev Rebellion of Cossacks and peasants.\nCatherine decided to have herself inoculated against smallpox by a British doctor, Thomas Dimsdale. While this was considered a controversial method at the time, she succeeded. Her son Pavel was later inoculated as well. Catherine then sought to have inoculations throughout her empire and stated: \"My objective was, through my example, to save from death the multitude of my subjects who, not knowing the value of this technique, and frightened of it, were left in danger\". By 1800, approximately 2 million inoculations (almost 6% of the population) were administered in the Russian Empire.\nThe period of Catherine the Great's rule, the Catherinian Era, is considered the Golden Age of Russia. The Manifesto on Freedom of the Nobility, issued during the short reign of Peter III and confirmed by Catherine, freed Russian nobles from compulsory military or state service. Construction of many mansions of the nobility, in the classical style endorsed by the Empress, changed the face of the country. She enthusiastically supported the ideals of the Enlightenment and is often regarded as an enlightened despot. As a patron of the arts she presided over the age of the Russian Enlightenment, including the establishment of the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens, the first state-financed higher education institution for women in Europe.", "Q155125": "Scott Philip Brown (born September 12, 1959) is an American attorney and politician serving as the United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa. He is a former United States Senator for Massachusetts (2010\u20132013), and also was the 2014 Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate in New Hampshire. Prior to his Senate tenure, Brown served as a member of the Massachusetts General Court, first in the State House of Representatives (1998\u20132004) and then in the State Senate (2004\u20132010).\nIn 2010, Brown faced Democratic candidate Massachusetts Attorney General Martha Coakley in a special election which occurred after the 2009 death of longtime Senator Ted Kennedy. While initially trailing Coakley by a large margin, Brown saw a sudden late surge and posted a come-from-behind win to become the first Republican elected to the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts since Edward Brooke in 1972. Brown ran for a full Senate term in 2012, but lost to Democratic challenger Elizabeth Warren. He subsequently joined the board of directors of Kadant paper company, joined Fox News as a commentator, and joined Nixon Peabody where he provided legal services.After re-establishing residence in New Hampshire, Brown then campaigned for the U.S. Senate from New Hampshire in the 2014 elections. Brown won the Republican nomination by a significant margin, but was defeated by incumbent Democrat Jeanne Shaheen in the general election.On April 20, 2017, it was reported that Brown had been nominated by President Donald Trump to be the next United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa. He was confirmed by the Senate as Ambassador to New Zealand on June 8, 2017 and arrived in New Zealand on June 25. In December 2020, Brown will serve as Dean of New England Law Boston, a private law school located in downtown Boston once his commitment to the State Department ends. Brown will be replacing John T. O\u2019Brien.", "Q946733": "Albert Robida (14 May 1848 \u2013 11 October 1926) was a French illustrator, etcher, lithographer, caricaturist, and novelist. He edited and published La Caricature magazine for 12 years. Through the 1880s he wrote an acclaimed trilogy of futuristic novels. In the 1900s he created 520 illustrations for Pierre Giffard's weekly serial La Guerre Infernale.", "Q108236": "Florentine Lahme (born 21 July 1974) is a German actress.", "Q319397": "K\u0119trzyn [\u02c8k\u025bnt\u0282\u0268n] (listen) (until 1946 Rastembork; German: Rastenburg, [\u02c8\u0281astn\u0329b\u028a\u0281k] (listen)), is a town in northeastern Poland with 27,478 inhabitants (2019). Situated in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (since 1999), K\u0119trzyn was previously in Olsztyn Voivodeship (1975\u20131998). It is the capital of K\u0119trzyn County. The town was named after historian Wojciech K\u0119trzy\u0144ski in 1946, however, both the official K\u0119trzyn and former Polish name Rastembork are still in use.The first settlement was established in 1329 and Rastenburg was granted town rights and privileges in 1357. Over the centuries it was part of the Teutonic State, Poland and East Prussia in Germany. The town is known for the surrounding Masurian Lakeland and numerous monuments of historical value such as the Wolf's Lair in nearby Gier\u0142o\u017c, where an assassination attempt against Hitler was made in 1944.", "Q370321": "Chris Hughes (born November 26, 1983) is an American entrepreneur who co-founded and served as spokesman for the online social directory and networking site Facebook, with Harvard roommates Mark Zuckerberg, Dustin Moskovitz, Eduardo Saverin, and Andrew McCollum. He was the publisher and editor-in-chief of The New Republic from 2012 to 2016. As of 2019 Hughes is a co-chair of the Economic Security Project. In 2018, Hughes published Fair Shot: Rethinking Inequality and How We Earn. In May 2019 Hughes published an op-ed in the New York Times, calling for the \"Break Up of Facebook\" and government regulation of content on it and in June of the same year, he criticized the Facebook decision to launch Libra, saying that the cryptocurrency \"would shift power into the wrong hands if, at least, the coin be modestly successful\".", "Q243099": "Barbara Honigmann (born 12 February 1949 in East Berlin) is a German author, artist and theater director.\nBarbara Honigmann is the daughter of a Jewish emigrant parents, who returned to East Berlin in 1947 after a period of exile in Great Britain. Her mother, Litzi Friedman (1910-1991) also known as Alice nee Kohlmann, and her father, Georg Honigmann, Ph.D (1903\u20131984). Her mother was born in Vienna, Austria and worked in film dubbing in her later years . Her father was born in Wiesbaden, Germany and was the chief editor of the \"Berliner Zeitung\" while also being a filmmaker. The couple divorced in 1954.\nFrom 1967 to 1972, she studied theater at Humboldt University in East Berlin. In the following years she worked as a dramatist and director in Brandenburg and Berlin. She has been a freelance writer since 1975. In 1981, she married Peter Obermann who later took her surname; the two went on to have two children together, Johannes (b. 1976) and Ruben (b. 1983). In 1984, she and Peter left the GDR to move to a German Jewish community in Strasbourg, France. Honigmann began finally to explore her German roots in the end of the 20th century According to Emily Jeremiah from The Institute of Modern Languages Research, \"Honigmann\u2019s texts are also paradigmatic of post-exile writings by German-Jewish authors. In addition, they offer examples of literary reactions to the demise of the GDR by its decamped intellectuals, and represent the articulations of a new generation of women writers\"", "Q118025": "Arthur Hoffmann (29 September 1900 in Neumannswaldau, Silesia \u2013 12 January 1945, executed in Dresden) was a German resistance fighter against the Nazi r\u00e9gime in World War II.", "Q192308": "Kaiser Chiefs are an English indie rock band from Leeds who formed in 2000 as Parva, releasing one studio album, 22, in 2003, before renaming and establishing themselves in their current name that same year. Since their formation the band consists of lead vocalist Ricky Wilson, guitarist Andrew \"Whitey\" White, bassist Simon Rix, keyboardist and occasional drummer Nick \"Peanut\" Baines and since 2013 drummer Vijay Mistry, who replaced founding drummer Nick Hodgson who left the band in late 2012.Primarily inspired by new wave and punk rock music of the late 1970s and 1980s, the band have released seven original studio albums: Employment (2005), Yours Truly, Angry Mob (2007), Off with Their Heads (2008), The Future Is Medieval (2011), Education, Education, Education & War (2014), Stay Together (2016), and Duck (2019), one EP: Lap of Honour (2005), one compilation album: Souvenir: The Singles 2004\u20132012 (2012) and numerous singles, including the number one hit song \"Ruby\".\nTheir album Employment enjoyed critical and commercial success with over three million copies sold. It has won the band three Brit Awards, including the award for Best British Group, a NME award for Best Album, and was shortlisted for the Mercury Prize.Their UK hit singles include 2004 and 2005 number 9 hit \"I Predict a Riot\", 2007 UK number 1 hit \"Ruby\", which has sold over 461,000 copies, from their platinum album Yours Truly, Angry Mob plus a further two Top 20 singles in 2007 with \"The Angry Mob\" and \"Everything Is Average Nowadays\". In 2008, they had a UK number 5 hit with the post-punk revival track \"Never Miss a Beat\". Their 5 singles \"Ruby\", \"I Predict a Riot\", \"Everyday I Love You Less and Less\", \"Never Miss a Beat\" and \"Oh My God\" had sold a combined total of 1.1 million up to August 2012. Their latest top 40 single, \"Coming Home\" hit number 31 in 2014. Their album Education, Education, Education & War hit number one in the albums chart also in 2014.", "Q263349": "Sabine Meyer (born 1959) is a German classical clarinetist.", "Q242387": "Alice Jos\u00e9phine Pons (April 12, 1898 \u2013 February 13, 1976), known professionally as Lily Pons, was a French-American operatic soprano and actress who had an active career from the late 1920s through the early 1970s. As an opera singer she specialized in the coloratura soprano repertoire and was particularly associated with the title roles in Lakm\u00e9 and Lucia di Lammermoor. In addition to appearing as a guest artist with many opera houses internationally, Pons enjoyed a long association with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, where she performed nearly 300 times between 1931 and 1960.\nShe also had a successful and lucrative career as a concert singer which continued until her retirement from performance in 1973. From 1935\u201337 she made three musical films for RKO Pictures. She also made numerous appearances on radio and on television, performing on variety programs like The Ed Sullivan Show, The Colgate Comedy Hour, and The Dave Garroway Show among others. In 1955 she topped the bill for the first broadcast of what became an iconic television series, Sunday Night at the London Palladium. She made dozens of records; recording both classical and popular music. She was awarded the Croix de Lorraine and the L\u00e9gion d'honneur by the Government of France.\nPons was also adept at making herself into a marketable cultural icon. Her opinions on fashion and home decorating were frequently reported in women's magazines, and she appeared as the face for Lockheed airplanes, Knox gelatin and Libby's tomato juice advertisements. A town in Maryland named itself after her, and thereafter the singer contrived to have all her Christmas cards posted from Lilypons, Maryland. Opera News wrote in 2011, \"Pons promoted herself with a kind of marketing savvy that no singer ever had shown before, and very few have since; only Luciano Pavarotti was quite so successful at exploiting the mass media.\"\n\n", "Q704657": "John McKenna - (Irish: Se\u00e1n Mac Cionnaoith; 3 January 1855 \u2013 22 March 1936) was an Irish businessman, professional rugby player, and the first manager of the Liverpool Football Club which has since gone on to become one of the most successful football clubs in England.\n\n", "Q327279": "Georg Arthur Constantin Friedrich Zander (Russian: \u0424\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0445 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0426\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440, tr. Fridrikh Arturovich Tsander; Latvian: Fr\u012bdrihs Canders, 11 August [O.S. 23 August] 1887 \u2013 28 March 1933), was a Baltic German pioneer of rocketry and spaceflight in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. He designed the first liquid-fueled rocket to be launched in the Soviet Union, GIRD-X, and made many important theoretical contributions to the road to space.", "Q714444": "Charlene Choi Tsoek-jin (born 22 November 1982) is a Hong Kong-Canadian actress and singer. She is a member of Cantopop group Twins, along with Gillian Chung.", "Q111767": "Hans Schaidinger (born 1949 in Freilassing), (member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria), has been mayor of the city of Regensburg, Germany from 1996-2014. He studied economics (exam 1977), is married and father of two daughters. Schaidinger entered service for the city of Regensburg in 1978 and was working in the areas of economy support and city development. From 1991 to 1996 he was working for the DIBAG Industriebau AG in Munich. In 1996 he was first elected mayor of Regensburg and reelected in 2002 and 2008.\n\n", "Q33528": "Anselme Ga\u00ebtan Desmarest (March 6, 1784 \u2013 June 4, 1838) was a French zoologist and author. He was the son of Nicolas Desmarest and father of Eug\u00e8ne Anselme S\u00e9bastien L\u00e9on Desmarest. Desmarest was a disciple of Georges Cuvier and Alexandre Brongniart, and in 1815, he succeeded Pierre Andr\u00e9 Latreille to the professorship of zoology at the \u00c9cole nationale v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort. In 1820 he was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie Nationale de M\u00e9decine.\nDesmarest published Histoire Naturelle des Tangaras, des Manakins et des Todiers (1805), Consid\u00e9rations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales sur la classe des crustac\u00e9s (1825), Mammalogie ou description des esp\u00e8ces des Mammif\u00e8res (1820) and Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles (1816\u201330, with Andr\u00e9 Marie Constant Dum\u00e9ril).\nThe brown algae Desmarestia is named in honour of Desmarest, as well as the family (Desmarestiaceae) \u2014 and in turn, the order (Desmarestiales) \u2014 of which the genus is the type species.", "Q535426": "Katrin Saks (born 29 November 1956 in Tallinn) is an Estonian politician and journalist. From 1999 to 2002, she was Minister of Population Affairs in the cabinet of Mart Laar. She was the vice-chairwoman of the Social Democratic Party from 2005 to 2010. In October 2006 she became Member of the European Parliament, replacing Toomas Hendrik Ilves, who had been elected President of Estonia. She lost her seat in the 2009 European election, but shortly regained it, when on 7 April 2014 she replaced Ivari Padar who became Estonian Minister for Agriculture, until in July she was succeeded by Marju Lauristin following the 2014 European election. As of 2011, she is a director of Tallinn University Baltic Film and Media School.\n\n", "Q24732": "The Broken Coin is a 1915 American adventure-mystery film serial directed by Francis Ford. This serial is presumed to be lost.\n\n", "Q854323": "The Punjabis (Punjabi (Shahmukhi): \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u06cc ; Punjabi (Gurmukhi): \u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40\u0a06\u0a02) or Punjabi people are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group associated with the Punjab region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, presently divided between Punjab, India and Punjab, Pakistan. They speak Punjabi, a language from the Indo-Aryan language family. The name Punjab literally means the land of five waters in Persian: panj (\"five\") \u0101b (\"waters\"). The name of the region was introduced by the Turko-Persian conquerors of the Indian subcontinent. The Punjabis are the 7th largest ethnic group in the world by total population. \nThe historical Punjab region (see Partition of Punjab for important historical context) is often referred to as the breadbasket in both India and Pakistan. The coalescence of the various tribes, castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab region into a broader common \"Punjabi\" identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE. Prior to that the sense and perception of a common \"Punjabi\" ethno-cultural identity and community did not exist, even though the majority of the various communities of the Punjab region had long shared linguistic, cultural and racial commonalities.Traditionally, Punjabi identity is primarily linguistic, geographical and cultural. Its identity is independent of historical origin or religion and refers to those who reside in the Punjab region or associate with its population and those who consider the Punjabi language their mother tongue. Integration and assimilation are important parts of Punjabi culture, since Punjabi identity is not based solely on tribal connections. More or less all Punjabis share the same cultural background.Historically, the Punjabi people were a heterogeneous group and were subdivided into a number of clans called biradari (literally meaning \"brotherhood\") or tribes, with each person bound to a clan. However, Punjabi identity also included those who did not belong to any of the historical tribes. With the passage of time, tribal structures are coming to an end and are being replaced with a more cohesive and holistic society, as community building and group cohesiveness form the new pillars of Punjabi society. In relative contemporary terms, Punjabis can be referred to in three most common subgroups; Punjabi Muslims, Punjabi Sikhs and Punjabi Hindus.", "Q939681": "Lucas Hartong (born 24 May 1963) is a Dutch politician. He served as a member of the European Parliament for the Party for Freedom between 22 June 2010 and 1 July 2014. He was leader of the PVV delegation from 24 March to 1 July 2014.", "Q369116": "Carl Zimmer (born 1966) is a popular science writer, blogger, columnist, and journalist who specializes in the topics of evolution, parasites, and heredity. He is the author of many books and contributes science essays to publications such as The New York Times, Discover, and National Geographic. He is a fellow at Yale University's Morse College and adjunct professor of Molecular biophysics and biochemistry at Yale University. Besides his popular science writing, Zimmer also gives frequent lectures, and has appeared on many radio shows, including National Public Radio's Radiolab, Fresh Air and This American Life.Zimmer describes his journalistic beat as \"life\" or \"what it means to be alive.\" He is also the only science writer to have a species of tapeworm named after him (Acanthobothrium zimmeri). Zimmer lives with his wife Grace Farrell Zimmer and their two children, Charlotte and Veronica, in Guilford, Connecticut. Carl Zimmer's father is Dick Zimmer, a Republican politician from New Jersey, who was a member of U.S. House of Representatives from 1991 to 1997.", "Q86393": "Mayer Carl Freiherr von Rothschild (5 August 1820 \u2013 16 October 1886) was a German Jewish banker and politician, as well as scion of the Rothschild family.Born in Frankfurt to Adelheid (n\u00e9e Herz) and Carl Mayer von Rothschild, he studied law at the University of G\u00f6ttingen and the University of Berlin before joining the family banking firm in Frankfurt. Following the deaths of his father and uncle (Amschel Mayer Rothschild), Mayer Carl and his brother Wilhelm Carl von Rothschild became heads of the firm.\nHe married Louise von Rothschild in 1842. The couple had seven daughters:\n\nAd\u00e8le von Rothschild (1843\u20131922), married to Salomon James de Rothschild (1835\u20131864) in 1862\nEmma Louise von Rothschild (1844\u20131935), married to Nathan Mayer Rothschild (1840\u20131915) in 1867\nClementine Henriette von Rothschild (1845\u20131865)\nTh\u00e9r\u00e8se von Rothschild (1847\u20131931), married to James Edouard de Rothschild (1844\u20131881) in 1871\nHannah Luise von Rothschild (1850\u20131892)\nMarguerite de Rothschild (1855\u20131905), married to Antoine Alfred Ag\u00e9nor de Gramont, 11th Duke of Gramont (1851\u20131925) in 1878\nBertha Clara von Rothschild (1862\u20131903), married to Louis Philippe Marie Alexandre Berthier, 3rd Prince of Wagram (1836\u20131911) in 1882In 1871, Rothschild became the first Jewish member of the House of Lords of Prussia.", "Q232106": "'Til There Was You is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by Scott Winant and starring Jeanne Tripplehorn, Dylan McDermott, Sarah Jessica Parker and Jennifer Aniston. The screenplay, written by Winnie Holzman, traces thirty-odd years in the parallel lives of two people whose intertwined paths finally converge when their mutual interest in a community project brings them together.", "Q126875": "Martin Kessel (14 April 1901 \u2013 14 April 1990) was a German writer. In 1954, he was awarded the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize by the Deutsche Akademie f\u00fcr Sprache und Dichtung. He was born in Plauen and died in Berlin. The New York based literary website complete review has labeled Kessel as one of the almost forgotten authors who \"has long bobbed near that surface separating recognition from oblivion, threatening several times to sink from sight\".", "Q461063": "Meghan Marguerite McCain (born October 23, 1984) is an American columnist, author, and television personality. She has worked for ABC News, Fox News, MSNBC, and serves as a co-host of The View since 2017.\nMcCain is the daughter of 2008 presidential candidate and U.S. senator John McCain and Cindy McCain. She has been a public figure for much of her life, first appearing at the 1996 Republican National Convention. McCain received media attention of her own accord in 2007 for her blog, McCain Blogette, on which she documented life on the campaign trail with her father. In 2009, she became a contributing writer for The Daily Beast, before going on to work for numerous major news networks.", "Q91837": "Georg Hirth (13 July 1841 \u2013 28 March 1916) was a German writer, journalist and publisher. He is best known for founding the cultural magazine Jugend in 1896, which was instrumental in popularizing Art Nouveau.", "Q1388853": "John Joseph MacGowran (13 October 1918 \u2013 30 January 1973) was an Irish actor, probably best known for his work with Samuel Beckett. His last film role was as the alcoholic director Burke Dennings in The Exorcist (1973).", "Q63479": "Adolf Stoecker (December 11, 1835 \u2013 February 2, 1909) was a German court chaplain to Kaiser Wilhelm I, a politician, leading antisemite, and a Lutheran theologian who founded the Christian Social Party in order to lure members away from the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany.", "Q108550": "Georg Brauchle (29 August 1915 - April 1968) was a German politician for the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nFrom 1960 until his death in 1968, he was the deputy mayor of Munich under Hans-Jochen Vogel.\nThe city's northern ring road, the Georg-Brauchle-Ring, is named after him, which in turn provides the name for the Georg-Brauchle-Ring subway station.", "Q270335": "Jenifer Ya\u00ebl Juliette Dadouche-Bartoli (born 15 November 1982), known by the mononym Jenifer, is a French singer and actress.\nSince winning the first season of Star Academy France in 2002, she has had a number of hit singles on the French, Belgian and Swiss charts.", "Q29216": "John Campbell (born 1938) is a British engineer and one of the world's leading experts in the casting industry with approximately 150 papers, and 20 patents.\nCampbell holds two Masters degrees from University of Cambridge and University of Sheffield, as well as two doctorates from University of Birmingham.\nHe is a fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, and he was appointed to the chair of casting technology at University of Birmingham.\nThe Institute of Cast Metals Engineers has named the \"John Campbell Medal\" after him.", "Q1376227": "Samuel Prescott Bush (October 4, 1863 \u2013 February 8, 1948) was an American businessman and industrialist. He was the patriarch of the Bush political family. He was the father of U.S. Senator Prescott Bush, grandfather of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and great-grandfather of former U.S. President George W. Bush and Florida Governor Jeb Bush.", "Q325308": "Giani Stuparich (April 4, 1891 \u2013 April 7, 1961) was an Italian author.\nHe was born in Trieste, then in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire.\nIn 1948 he won a gold medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his \"La Grotta\" (\"The Cave\").", "Q46809": "Ra\u00fal Modesto Castro Ruz (American Spanish: [ra\u02c8ul mo\u02c8\u00f0esto \u02c8kast\u027eo \u02c8rus]; born 3 June 1931) is a Cuban politician who is currently serving as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, the most senior position in the communist state, succeeding his brother Fidel Castro in April 2011. He has also been a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Cuba, the highest decision-making body since 1975. In February 2008, he was appointed the President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers. He stepped down as President on 19 April 2018, but remains the first secretary of the Communist Party, still holding considerable influence over government policy.Prior to being appointed acting President of Cuba in July 2006, he served as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces from 1959 to 2008. His ministerial tenure made him the longest serving minister of the armed forces. Because of his predecessor's illness, Castro was designated the President of the Council of State in a temporary transfer of power. Castro was officially made President by the National Assembly on 24 February 2008, after Fidel Castro, who was still ailing, announced on 19 February 2008 that he would not stand for President again.\nCastro was re-elected President on 24 February 2013. Shortly thereafter, Castro announced that his second term would be his final term, and that he would not seek re-election in 2018. He stepped down as Cuban president on 19 April 2018 after his successor was elected by the National Assembly following parliamentary elections. He remained as First Secretary of the Communist Party, Cuba's ruling party, is head of the constitutional reform commission, and also continues to have a seat representing Santiago de Cuba's Segundo Frente municipality in the National Assembly.He is expected to step down as First Secretary at the Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba, which is scheduled to take place 16 to 19 April 2021.", "Q39005": "The Pleasure Garden is a 1925 British-German silent film directed by Alfred Hitchcock in his directorial debut. Based on a novel by Oliver Sandys, the film is about two chorus girls at the Pleasure Garden Theatre in London and their troubled relationships.\n\n", "Q165780": "Martin Luther, Heretic is a 1983 film made to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the birth of Martin Luther. It was released on November 8, 1983 in the United Kingdom, two days before the 500th jubilee on November 10. It starred Jonathan Pryce as Martin Luther. Maurice Denham reprised his role of Johann von Staupitz that he played in the 1973 American Film Theater film Luther. The time frame of the film is 1506-1522: the beginning of Luther's monastic vocation to his return from exile at the Wartburg in 1522. A medieval dramatic troupe's performances of mystery plays provide the unifying motif for a parallel telling of the story of the film. When Luther's carriage en route from the Wartburg to Wittenberg it is shown passing an actor wearing a devil's mask. When this scene is revisited at the end of the film, the actor slips this mask off his face.", "Q114179": "Theodore Scott Glenn (born January 26) is an American actor. His roles have included Wes Hightower in Urban Cowboy (1980), astronaut Alan Shepard in The Right Stuff (1983), Emmett in Silverado (1985), Commander Bart Mancuso in The Hunt for Red October (1990), Jack Crawford in The Silence of the Lambs (1991), John Adcox in Backdraft (1991), Montgomery Wick in Vertical Limit (2000), Roger in Training Day (2001), Ezra Kramer in The Bourne Ultimatum (2007), Kevin Garvey, Sr., in The Leftovers (2014\u20132017), and as Stick in both Daredevil (2015\u20132016) and The Defenders (2017).", "Q1063692": "L\u00e9on Rosenfeld (French: [\u0281\u0254z\u025bnf\u025bld]; 14 August 1904 in Charleroi \u2013 23 March 1974) was a Belgian physicist and Marxist. \nRosenfeld was born into a secular Jewish family. He was a polyglot who knew eight or nine languages and was fluent in at least five of them.Rosenfeld obtained a PhD at the University of Li\u00e8ge in 1926, and he was a close collaborator of the physicist Niels Bohr. He did early work in quantum electrodynamics that predates by two decades the work by Dirac and Bergmann. Rosenfeld contributed to a wide range of physics fields, from statistical physics and quantum field theory to astrophysics. Along with Frederik Belinfante, he derived the Belinfante-Rosenfeld stress-energy tensor. He also founded the journal Nuclear Physics and coined the term lepton.In 1933, Rosenfeld married Dr. Yvonne Cambresier, who was one of the first women to obtain a Physics Ph.D from a European university. They had a daughter, Andr\u00e9e Rosenfeld (1934\u20132008) and a son, Jean Rosenfeld.", "Q70363": "Lax is a municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.", "Q66501": "Zacharias Wagenaer (also known as Wagener, Wagenaar and Wagner) (10 May 1614 \u2013 12 October 1668) was a clerk, illustrator, merchant, member of the Court of Justice, opperhoofd of Deshima and the only German governor of the Dutch Cape Colony. In 35 years he traveled over four continents.", "Q352180": "Bradley Whitford (born October 10, 1959) is an American actor and political activist, and he is noted for his portrayal of White House Deputy Chief of Staff Josh Lyman in the NBC television political drama The West Wing (1999-2006), which was nominated for three consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards from 2001 to 2003, winning in 2001. This role also earned him three consecutive Golden Globe Award nominations.\nIn addition to The West Wing, Whitford also played Danny Tripp in Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip; Dan Stark in the Fox police buddy-comedy The Good Guys; Timothy Carter, a character who was believed to be Red John, in the CBS series The Mentalist; antagonist Eric Gordon in the film Billy Madison; Arthur Parsons in The Post, Dean Armitage in the horror film Get Out; and Roger Peralta in Brooklyn Nine-Nine.\nIn 2015 he won a second Primetime Emmy Award for his role as Marcy in Transparent and later garnered a fifth Primetime Emmy Award nomination for portraying Magnus Hirschfeld in the same series. Since 2018, Whitford has portrayed Commander Joseph Lawrence in Hulu dystopian drama The Handmaid's Tale, for which he won his third Primetime Emmy Award in 2019. He was an occasional columnist for The Huffington Post until November 2009 and is noted for his politically liberal activism.", "Q153232": "Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert (; French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 batist l\u0259 \u0281\u0254\u0303 dal\u0251\u0303b\u025b\u02d0\u0281]; 16 November 1717 \u2013 29 October 1783) was a French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist. Until 1759 he was co-editor with Denis Diderot of the Encyclop\u00e9die. D'Alembert's formula for obtaining solutions to the wave equation is named after him. The wave equation is sometimes referred to as d'Alembert's equation.", "Q334205": "Francesco Maria Piave (18 May 1810 \u2013 5 March 1876) was an Italian opera librettist who was born in Murano in the lagoon of Venice, during the brief Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.", "Q69632": "M\u00fcnster-Geschinen is a former municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It was formed in 2004 from the union of the municipalities of M\u00fcnster and Geschinen. On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of M\u00fcnster-Geschinen, Blitzingen, Grafschaft, Niederwald and Reckingen-Gluringen merged into the new municipality of Goms.", "Q57904": "Mustafa A.G. Abushagur (Arabic: \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0631; born 15 February 1951) is a Libyan politician, professor of electrical engineering, university president and entrepreneur. He served as interim Deputy Prime Minister of Libya from 22 November 2011 to 14 November 2012 in Abdurrahim El-Keib\u2019s cabinet and was briefly elected to succeed El-Keib as Prime Minister in 2012, before failing to receive congressional approval for his cabinet nominees and being removed from office.\n\n", "Q720087": "Petaluma is a city in Sonoma County, part of the North Bay sub-region of the San Francisco Bay Area, located 37 mi (60 km) north of San Francisco. Its population was 57,941 according to the 2010 Census.The Rancho Petaluma Adobe, located in Petaluma, is a National Historic Landmark. Its construction started in 1836 by order of General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, then Commandant of the San Francisco Presidio. It was the center of a 66,000 acre (270-km\u00b2) ranch stretching from Petaluma River to Sonoma Creek. The adobe is considered one of the best preserved buildings of its era in Northern California.\nPetaluma is a transliteration of the Coast Miwok phrase p\u00e9ta l\u00fauma which means hill backside. P\u00e9ta L\u00fauma was originally the name of a Miwok village located near the present day borders of the city of Petaluma.\nPetaluma has a well-preserved, historic city center which includes many buildings that survived the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.", "Q211907": "Slough () is a large town in Berkshire, England, 20 miles (32 km) west of central London and 18 miles (29 km) north-east of Reading, in the Thames Valley at the intersection of the M4, M40 and M25 motorways. Slough had a population of 164,000 in 2018.\nThe A4 and the Great Western Main Line pass through the town, which was historically part of neighbouring Buckinghamshire. Crossrail is expected to allow faster journeys to central London.\nSlough's population is one of the most ethnically diverse in the United Kingdom, attracting people from across the country and the world for labour since the 1920s, which has helped shape it into a major trading centre. In 2017, unemployment stood at 1.4%, one-third the UK average of 4.5%.Slough has the highest concentration of UK HQs of global companies outside London. Slough Trading Estate is the largest industrial estate in single private ownership in Europe with over 17,000 jobs in 400 businesses. Blackberry, McAfee, Burger King, DHL and Lego have head offices in the town.", "Q807": "Lausanne (, also US: , French: [lozan], German: [lo\u02c8zan]; Arpitan: Losena [l\u0254\u02c8z\u0259na] (listen); Italian: Losanna; Romansh: Losanna) is the capital city and biggest town of the canton of Vaud in Romandy, Switzerland. A municipality, it is situated on the shores of Lake L\u00e9man (French: Le/Lac L\u00e9man). It faces the French town of \u00c9vian-les-Bains, with the Jura Mountains to its north-west. Lausanne is located 62 kilometres (38.5 miles) northeast of Geneva.\nThe municipality Lausanne has a population of about 140,000, making it the fourth largest city in Switzerland, with the entire agglomeration area having about 420,000 inhabitants (as of January 2019). The metropolitan area of Lausanne-Geneva (including Vevey-Montreux, Yverdon-les-Bains, and foreign parts) was over 1.2 million inhabitants in 2000.Lausanne is a focus of international sport, hosting the International Olympic Committee (which has recognized the city as the \"Olympic Capital\" since 1994), the Court of Arbitration for Sport and some 55 international sport associations. It lies in a noted wine-growing region. The city has a 28-station metro system, making it the smallest city in the world to have a rapid transit system. Lausanne hosted the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics.", "Q236374": "Parminder Kaur Nagra (born 5 October 1975) is an English film and television actress. She is known for playing Jess Bhamra in the film Bend It Like Beckham (2002), and as Dr. Neela Rasgotra in the NBC medical drama series ER from 2003 to 2009. She has had several other major television roles, including a starring role as Meera Malik in the NBC crime drama series The Blacklist for season one and a recurring role on the ABC/Marvel Television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. as Ellen Nadeer for season four.", "Q77418": "Paul Fleming, also spelt Flemming (October 5, 1609 \u2013 April 2, 1640), was a German physician and poet.\nAs well as writing notable verse and hymns, he spent several years accompanying the Duke of Holstein's embassies to Russia and Persia. He also lived for a year at Reval on the coast of Estonia, where he wrote many love-songs.\n\n", "Q5760351": "Saint Isidore Cemetery is a monumental cemetery in the Spanish capital Madrid. Its first courtyard was erected in 1811 and new expansions were added throughout the 19th Century. Its central courtyard, called \u201cPatio de la Concepci\u00f3n\u201d (Conception courtyard) boasts a notable group of mausolea.", "Q1927862": "Michael Hofstetter (born 6 September 1961) is a German conductor and academic. He was chief conductor of the festival Ludwigsburger Schlossfestspiele from 2005 to 2012, and has been Generalmusikdirektor of Gie\u00dfen since. He has worked internationally at notable opera houses and festivals. He is regarded as an expert of historically informed performance, who has rediscovered and recorded rarely performed operas.", "Q209184": "Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, based in Jerusalem, was established in 1961 by the State of Israel to foster contact between Israeli scholars in the sciences and humanities and create a think tank for advising the government on research projects of national importance. Its members include many of Israel's most distinguished scholars.The offices of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities are located next door to the official residence of the President of Israel and the Council for Higher Education in Israel in Albert Einstein Square in Jerusalem.\nIn the sciences, the Academy funds projects on the geology, flora, and fauna of Israel, and facilitates the participation of Israeli scientists in research at international projects, such as high-energy physics at CERN and synchrotron radiation at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Israel has the highest concentration of scientists and engineers in the world. The academy funds a number of prestigious awards in the sciences including the Alon Prize.\nIn the humanities, research is funded into the study of the Tanakh and Talmud, Jewish history, Jewish philosophy, Jewish art, and the Hebrew language, as well as Hebrew prose and poetry.The Academy administers the Einstein Fellowships fund, which fosters relations between scientists from around the world and the Israeli academic community, the Israel Science Fund, with an annual budget of $53 million, and a number of research funds based on grants from the Adler Fund for Space Research, the Wolf Foundation, and the Fulks Fund for Medical Research. The Academy also runs the Israel Academic Center in Cairo, which assists Israeli scholars with research into Egypt and Egyptian culture, and facilitates cooperation with Egyptian academics.\nThe Academy has observer status at the European Science Foundation, and runs exchange programs with the British Royal Society, the British Academy, the Swedish Academy, and the National Research Council of Singapore.", "Q465211": "Ejigayehu Shibabaw, known by her stage name Gigi (born 1974) is an Ethiopian singer. She has performed the music of Ethiopia in combination with a wide variety of other genres, often in collaboration with her husband Bill Laswell, a bassist and producer.\n\n", "Q229254": "Octavia Lenora Spencer (born May 25, 1972) is an American actress and author. She is the recipient of several accolades, including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award. She is one of two black actresses to have received three Academy Award nominations and the first black actress to receive two consecutive nominations.Spencer made her film debut in the 1996 drama A Time to Kill. Following a decade of brief roles in film and television, her breakthrough came in 2011, when she played a maid in 1960s America in The Help, for which she won several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. For her performance in Ryan Coogler's biopic Fruitvale Station (2013), she won the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress. \nSpencer received further Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress for playing other women in 1960s America, the mathematician Dorothy Vaughan in the biographical drama Hidden Figures (2016), and a cleaning woman in the fantasy drama The Shape of Water (2017). She also appeared in the films Smashed (2012), Snowpiercer (2013), Get on Up (2014), The Divergent Series (2015\u201316), Gifted (2017), Instant Family (2018), and Onward (2020); and had starring roles in The Shack (2017), Luce (2019), and Ma (2019).\nOn television, Spencer had a recurring role in the CBS sitcom Mom (2013\u201315) and a starring role in the Fox teen drama series Red Band Society (2014\u201315). In 2019, she began starring in the Apple TV+ drama series Truth Be Told and in 2020, she portrayed Madam C. J. Walker in the Netflix limited series Self Made. As an author, Spencer has created the children's book series Randi Rhodes, Ninja Detective. She has published two books in the series, titled The Case of the Time-Capsule Bandit (2013) and The Sweetest Heist in History (2015).", "Q36322": "Jane Austen (; 16 December 1775 \u2013 18 July 1817) was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century. Austen's plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage in the pursuit of favourable social standing and economic security. Her works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century literary realism. Her use of biting irony, along with her realism, humour, and social commentary, have long earned her acclaim among critics, scholars, and popular audiences alike.With the publications of Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816), she achieved success as a published writer. She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published posthumously in 1818, and began another, eventually titled Sanditon, but died before its completion. She also left behind three volumes of juvenile writings in manuscript, a short epistolary novel Lady Susan, and another unfinished novel, The Watsons. Her six full-length novels have rarely been out of print, although they were published anonymously and brought her moderate success and little fame during her lifetime.\nA significant transition in her posthumous reputation occurred in 1833, when her novels were republished in Richard Bentley's Standard Novels series, illustrated by Ferdinand Pickering, and sold as a set. They gradually gained wider acclaim and popular readership. In 1869, fifty-two years after her death, her nephew's publication of A Memoir of Jane Austen introduced a compelling version of her writing career and supposedly uneventful life to an eager audience.\nAusten has inspired many critical essays and literary anthologies. Her novels have inspired many films, from 1940's Pride and Prejudice to more recent productions like Sense and Sensibility (1995), Emma (1996), Mansfield Park (1999), Pride & Prejudice (2005), Love & Friendship (2016), and Emma. (2020).", "Q4721742": "Alf Richard Bjercke (30 May 1921 \u2013 9 December 2011) was a Norwegian business magnate, consul and sports official.\n\n", "Q974795": "Keith Edward Elam (July 17, 1961 \u2013 April 19, 2010), better known by his stage name Guru (a backronym for Gifted Unlimited Rhymes Universal), was an American rapper, producer and actor. He was a member of the hip hop duo Gang Starr, along with DJ Premier. He was born in Roxbury, Boston.About.com placed him on their list of the Top 50 MCs of Our Time, while The Source ranked him #30 on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time, saying \"Guru dropped some of the most thoughtful rhymes on wax\".", "Q66515": "Augst (Swiss German: Augscht) is a municipality in the district of Liestal in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland. It was known as Augusta Raurica in Roman times.", "Q57910": "Arthur Zimmermann (5 October 1864 \u2013 6 June 1940) was State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the German Empire from 22 November 1916 until his resignation on 6 August 1917. His name is associated with the Zimmermann Telegram during World War I. However, he was also closely involved in plans to support rebellions in Ireland and in India, and to assist the Bolsheviks to undermine Tsarist Russia.", "Q105060": "Sosnowiec (UK: , US: , Polish: [s\u0254s\u02c8n\u0254vj\u025bts] (listen)) is an industrial city county in the D\u0105browa Basin (Zag\u0142\u0119bie D\u0105browskie) of southern Poland, in the Silesian Voivodeship, which is also part of the Silesian Metropolis municipal association. Located in the eastern part of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region, Sosnowiec is one of the cities of the Katowice urban area, which is a conurbation with the overall population of 2.7 million people; as well as the greater Upper Silesian metropolitan area populated by about 5.3 million people. The population of the city is 202,036 as of December 2018.", "Q174699": "Midnight Express is a 1978 prison neo noir drama film directed by Alan Parker, produced by David Puttnam and written by Oliver Stone, based on Billy Hayes' 1977 non-fiction book Midnight Express. It stars Brad Davis, Irene Miracle, Bo Hopkins, Paolo Bonacelli, Paul L. Smith, Randy Quaid, Norbert Weisser, Peter Jeffrey and John Hurt. \nHayes was a young American student sent to a Turkish prison for trying to smuggle hashish out of Turkey. The film deviates from the book's accounts of the story, especially in its portrayal of the Turkish characters, and some have criticized this version, including Billy Hayes himself. Later, both Stone and Hayes expressed their regret about how Turkish people were portrayed in the film. The film's title is prison slang for an inmate's escape attempt.\nThe film was released on October 6, 1978. Upon release, it received generally positive reviews from critics. Many praised Davis's performance as well as the cast, the writing, the direction, and the musical score by Giorgio Moroder. However, Hayes and others criticized the film for portraying the Turkish prison men as violent and villainous and for deviating too much from the material source.\nThe film was made for $2.3 million and grossed over $35 million worldwide.", "Q813": "Kyrgyzstan ( KUR-gih-STAHN; Kyrgyz: \u041a\u044b\u0440\u0433\u044b\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d K\u0131r\u011f\u0131zstan Kyrgyz pronunciation: [q\u026fr\u0281\u026fs\u02c8st\u0251n]), officially the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz: \u041a\u044b\u0440\u0433\u044b\u0437 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0441\u044b, romanized: K\u0131r\u011f\u0131z Respublikas\u0131; Russian: \u041a\u044b\u0440\u0433\u044b\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, tr. Kyrgyzskaya Respublika), and also known as Kirghizia (Russian: \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0437\u0438\u044f [k\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8\u0261\u02b2iz\u02b2\u026aj\u0259]), is a country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked country with mountainous terrain. It is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west and southwest, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east. Its capital and largest city is Bishkek. \nKyrgyzstan's recorded history spans over 2,000 years, encompassing a variety of cultures and empires. Although geographically isolated by its highly mountainous terrain, which has helped preserve its ancient culture, Kyrgyzstan has been at the crossroads of several great civilizations as part of the Silk Road and other commercial and cultural routes. Though long inhabited by a succession of independent tribes and clans, Kyrgyzstan has periodically fallen under foreign domination and attained sovereignty as a nation-state only after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991.\nSince independence, the sovereign state has officially been a unitary parliamentary republic, although it continues to endure ethnic conflicts, revolts, economic troubles, transitional governments and political conflict. Kyrgyzstan is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Turkic Council, the T\u00fcrksoy community and the United Nations.\nEthnic Kyrgyz make up the majority of the country's six million people, followed by significant minorities of Uzbeks and Russians. Kyrgyz is closely related to other Turkic languages, although Russian remains widely spoken and is an official language, a legacy of a century of Russification. The majority of the population are non-denominational Muslims. In addition to its Turkic origins, Kyrgyz culture bears elements of Persian, Mongolian, and Russian influence.", "Q24726": "Thore Ehrling (December 29, 1912, Stockholm - October 21, 1994, Stockholm) was a Swedish trumpeter, composer, and bandleader, who led jazz and popular music ensembles.\nEhrling played with Frank Vernon's ensemble from 1930 to 1934, and concomitantly studied at the Royal Swedish Academy of Music. From 1935 to 1938 he played under H\u00e5kan von Eichwald and did arrangement and composition work on the side. He founded his own ensemble in 1938, which grew to big band size in the nineteen years it was active. This group played popular music and jazz, recorded frequently, and played often on Swedish radio. The group featured many sidemen who went on to become prominent on the Swedish jazz scene, such as Uffe Baadh and Carl-Henrik Norin, and accompanied popular Swedish singers such as Inger Berggren and Lily Berglund.", "Q280978": "Fabiano Anthony Forte (born February 6, 1943), professionally known as Fabian, is an American singer and actor.\nForte rose to national prominence after performing several times on American Bandstand. He became a teen idol of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Eleven of his songs reached the Billboard Hot 100 listing.", "Q1155446": "Dream (\u30c9\u30ea\u30fc\u30e0, Dor\u012bmu) was a Japanese pop girl group signed to the Avex Trax label since 2000 and Rhythm Zone since 2009. The group was formed as a result of a 1999 talent contest called \"Avex Dream 2000\". Originally a three-piece group consisting of Mai Matsumuro, Kana Tachibana, and Yu Hasebe, the group has undergone many changes since its debut in 2000 on the Avex Trax label, and none of the original trio remain. The original trio sold over 950,700 records, and in total the group has sold over 1,100,000 records over the span of 10 years.\nOn July 7, 2002, the main lyricist Mai Matsumuro left the group to pursue a solo career. After Matsumuro's departure, Avex held another audition to replace Matsumuro. Instead of one, six new members won the audition, resulting in an eight-member (Dream) group with the debut single \"Music is My Thing\". On March 2004, Risa Ai left to pursue a solo career. They became a 7-member group as performed this way until 2007. During this time, the band's name changed from dream to DRM. In August 2008, Yu Hasebe left the group to pursue a solo career, leaving Kana Tachibana behind as the only original member of dream. Afterward, DRM became Dream again. In August 2010, Dream released their official major re-debut single, \"My Way: Ulala\" on the Rhythm Zone label. On November 24, 2010, Dream released their first album as a six-member group, titled Hands Up! on the Rhythm Zone label.\nOn November 23, 2010, Tachibana announced that she would leave the group. This marked the departure of the last member of the original three-member group. She officially left the group on February 20, 2011. On March 30, 2012, Sayaka Yamamoto departed to pursue a solo career.", "Q157040": "Lajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva (Hungarian: [\u02c8l\u0252jo\u0283 \u02c8ko\u0283ut], Slovak: \u013dudov\u00edt Ko\u0161\u00fat, archaically English: Louis Kossuth; 19 September 1802 \u2013 20 March 1894) was a Hungarian nobleman, lawyer, journalist, politician, statesman and Governor-President of the Kingdom of Hungary during the revolution of 1848\u201349.With the help of his talent in oratory in political debates and public speeches, Kossuth emerged from a poor gentry family into regent-president of Kingdom of Hungary. As the influential contemporary American journalist Horace Greeley said of Kossuth: \"Among the orators, patriots, statesmen, exiles, he has, living or dead, no superior.\"Kossuth's powerful English and American speeches so impressed and touched the famous contemporary American orator Daniel Webster, that he wrote a book about Kossuth's life. He was widely honoured during his lifetime, including in Great Britain and the United States, as a freedom fighter and bellwether of democracy in Europe. Kossuth's bronze bust can be found in the United States Capitol with the inscription: Father of Hungarian Democracy, Hungarian Statesman, Freedom Fighter, 1848\u20131849.", "Q183577": "Amos Clark Jr. (November 8, 1828 \u2013 October 31, 1912) was an American Republican Party politician and businessman who represented New Jersey's 3rd congressional district from 1873 to 1875.\nBorn in Brooklyn, New York, Clark engaged in business in New York City while living in Elizabeth, New Jersey, where he was also largely interested in real estate.\nHe was a member of the Elizabeth City Council in 1865 and 1866, served in the New Jersey Senate from 1866 to 1869 and was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives in 1872, serving from 1873 to 1875, being unsuccessful for reelection in 1874. Afterwards, Clark retired to his residence in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, but retained business interests back in Elizabeth. He died in Boston, Massachusetts, on October 31, 1912, and was interred in Evergreen Cemetery in Hillside, New Jersey.\n\n", "Q937860": "This page is for the musician. For the architect, see Tony Garnier.Tony Garnier (born August 18, 1956 in Saint Paul, Minnesota) is an American bassist (both double bass and bass guitar), best known as an accompanist to Bob Dylan, with whom he has played since 1989. He is Dylan's longest-running sideman, and has sometimes been characterized as his \"musical director\" as well.In addition to his work with Dylan, Garnier has recorded with Tom Waits, Loudon Wainwright III, Paul Simon, Marc Ribot, Eric Andersen and Chris O'Connell, former female singer of Asleep at the Wheel, Western swing band with whom he also played and recorded from 1976 to 1978, and The Lounge Lizards. He also played with Robert Gordon in the early 1980s. He was also a long-time sideman for David Johansen in his Buster Poindexter persona, and was also briefly a member of the Saturday Night Live house band.\nHis musical heritage descends from the Camelia Brass Band in New Orleans led by his grandfather, D'Jalma Garnier, (also spelled Ganier while with Camelia Brass Band), a legendary early jazz player noted on the Preservation Hall roster in the New Orleans French Quarter. Garnier is one of numerous grandsons descended from D'Jalma Thomas Garnier the New Orleans bandleader, trumpet player, pianist and violinist said to have taught Louis Armstrong at the New Orleans Boys Home for Colored Waifs. Tony Garnier is the younger brother of D'Jalma Garnier born 1954, the fiddler, composer, guitarist, and \"pedestrian scholar\" of Louisiana Creole fame. The two brothers, along with first cousin Stephen \"Stevo\" Th\u00e9ard, are the only descendants of Papa Garnier to become professional musicians in the legacy of this significant New Orleans musical family. Both of their parents were musicians working with non-profits in California.\nBefore joining Dylan's Never Ending Tour Band in 1989, Tony added bass tracks to films by Jim Jarmusch, most notably Down by Law, filmed in Louisiana. He appeared in Bob Dylan's 2003 film Masked and Anonymous.\nGarnier worked with Michelle Branch on her third studio album, Everything Comes and Goes, released in 2010.In 2019 Garnier co-produced the album \"After the fire After the rain\" of the The lost Brothers.", "Q320264": "Clint Patrick Black (born February 4, 1962) is an American country music singer, songwriter, musician, multi-instrumentalist, record producer and actor. Signed to RCA Records in 1989, Black's debut album Killin' Time produced four straight number one singles on the US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. Although his momentum gradually slowed throughout the 1990s, Black consistently charted hit songs into the 2000s. He has had more than 30 singles on the US Billboard country charts, twenty-two of which have reached number one, in addition to having released twelve studio albums and several compilation albums. In 2003, Black founded his own record label, Equity Music Group. Black has also ventured into acting, having made appearances in a 1993 episode of the TV series Wings and in the 1994 film Maverick, as well as a starring role in 1998's Still Holding On: The Legend of Cadillac Jack.", "Q742170": "Robert Harborough Sherard (3 December 1861 \u2013 30 January 1943) was an anti-semitic English writer and journalist. He was a friend, and the first biographer, of Oscar Wilde, as well as being Wilde's most prolific biographer in the first half of the twentieth century.", "Q366231": "Benjamin Samuel Williams (2 March 1822 \u2013 24 June 1890), English orchidologist and nurseryman in London, known mainly for his horticultural notes on orchids in publications such as The Orchid Grower's Manual (London 1852, 7th ed. 1894), Select Orchidaceous Plants (London 1862 onwards) and The Orchid Album (London 1882-97).\nWilliams' father James was gardener to Robert Warner, the botanist, at Hoddesdon, and Benjamin began working under his father at the age of fourteen. He first gained prominence as an orchid grower when he was hired by the orchid collector C. B. Warner, whose orchids soon began winning prizes at top orchid shows. Williams was a business partner of Robert Parker's in a nursery at Seven Sisters Road in Holloway between 1854 and 1861, and later moved to the nearby Victoria and Paradise Nurseries.This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation B.S.Williams when citing a botanical name.", "Q101206": "Ottmar Schreiner (21 February 1946 \u2013 6 April 2013) was a German lawyer and left-wing politician. He was known as one of the leading leftists in his party SPD.", "Q117464": "The Troops of St. Tropez (French: Le Gendarme de Saint-Tropez; literally The Policeman from Saint-Tropez) is a 1964 French comedy film with Louis de Fun\u00e8s. The film mostly takes place in Saint-Tropez, a fashionable resort on the French Riviera. Louis de Fun\u00e8s plays Ludovic Cruchot, the sergeant of gendarmerie of Saint-Tropez. It is the first film in The gendarme series, and has spawned five sequels.", "Q138487": "Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0301\u043f\u0438\u043d, IPA: [p\u02b2\u0275tr \u0250\u02c8rkad\u02b2j\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 st\u0250\u02c8l\u0268p\u02b2\u026an]; 14 April [O.S. 2 April] 1862 \u2013 18 September [O.S. 5 September] 1911) was a Russian politician. He was the third Prime Minister of Russia, and Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire from 1906 to his assassination in 1911.\nBorn in Dresden, Germany to a prominent Russian aristocratic family, Stolypin became involved in government from his early 20s. His successes in public service led to rapid promotions, culminating in his appointment as Interior Minister under Ivan Goremykin in April 1906. In July, Stolypin succeeded as Prime Minister following Goremykin's resignation.\nAs Prime Minister, Stolypin initiated major agrarian reforms that granted the right of private land ownership to the peasantry. His tenure was also marked by increased revolutionary unrest, to which he responded with a new system of martial law that allowed for the arrest, speedy trial and execution of accused offenders. Subject to numerous assassination attempts, Stolypin was fatally shot in September 1911 by revolutionary Dmitry Bogrov in Kiev.\nStolypin was a monarchist and hoped to strengthen the throne by modernizing the backward Russian rural economy. Modernity and efficiency were his goals, not democracy. He argued that the land question could only be resolved, and revolution averted, when the peasants communal system was abolished and a stable landowning class of peasants created \u2013 the kulaks \u2013 who would have a stake in the status quo. His successes and failures have been subject of heated controversies among scholars. They agree he was one of the last major statesmen of Imperial Russia with clearly defined public policies and with the determination to undertake major reforms.", "Q437231": "Nil\u00fcfer Yumlu (born 31 May 1955), commonly known as Nil\u00fcfer, is a Turkish pop singer.\nIn 1992, one of her biggest hits, \"Show Yapma\", was included in the album Yine Yeni Yeniden. Also \"Kar Taneleri\" (1984, Nil\u00fcfer '84), \"Mor Menek\u015fe\" (1988, Esmer G\u00fcnler), \"Esmer G\u00fcnler\" (1988, Esmer G\u00fcnler), \"E\u011frisi Do\u011frusu\" (1994, Ne Masal Ne R\u00fcya), \"Mavilim\" (1997, Nil\u00fcfer'le) and \"D\u00fcnya D\u00f6n\u00fcyor\" (1998, Yeniden Yetmi\u015fe) are her well-known hits.\nTogether with the band Nazar, she represented Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1978, where she shared the 18th place with Seija Simola from Finland. Since 1997 she has been Turkey's National Ambassador to UNICEF. In 1998, she was awarded the honorary title of State Artist of Turkey. She developed breast cancer, but beat the cancer after a nine-month treatment.\n\n", "Q87099": "Christiana Mariana von Ziegler (28 June 1695 \u2013 1 May 1760) was a German poet and writer. She is best known for the texts of nine cantatas, which Johann Sebastian Bach composed after Easter of 1725.\n\n", "Q91823": "German Bestelmeyer (8 June 1874 \u2013 30 June 1942) was a German architect, university lecturer, and proponent of Nazi architecture. Most of his work was in South Germany.", "Q108544": "Hans G\u00fcnter Helms (8 June 1932 \u2013 11 March 2012) was a German experimental writer, composer, and social and economic analyst and critic.", "Q1570419": "Sonny Emory (born December 23, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, drummer and percussionist. Emory is a former member of the band Earth, Wind & Fire. As well he has worked with artistes such as Steely Dan, Bruce Hornsby, Eric Clapton and the B-52's.", "Q2529982": "The New York Times Company is an American mass media company which publishes its namesake newspaper, The New York Times. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. has served as chairman since 1997. It is headquartered in Manhattan, New York.", "Q232674": "Minka Kelly (born Minka Dumont Dufay; June 24, 1980) is an American actress and model. Her first starring role was in the NBC drama series Friday Night Lights (2006\u20132009) and she has also appeared on the shows Parenthood (2010\u20132011), Charlie's Angels (2011), and Almost Human (2013). Since 2018, Kelly portrays Dawn Granger / Dove in the DC Universe series Titans.", "Q1767877": "Lothar Koenigs (born 1965 in Aachen, Germany) is a German conductor.", "Q130965": "Fordham University () is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1841 and named for the Fordham neighborhood of the Bronx in which its main campus is located, Fordham is the oldest Catholic and Jesuit university in the northeastern United States, and the third-oldest university in New York State.Founded as St. John's College by John Hughes, then a coadjutor bishop of New York, the college was placed in the care of the Society of Jesus shortly thereafter, and has since become a Jesuit-affiliated independent school under a lay board of trustees. The college's first president, John McCloskey, was later the first Catholic cardinal in the United States. While governed independently of the Church since 1969, every president of Fordham University since 1846 has been a Jesuit priest, and the curriculum remains influenced by Jesuit educational principles. Fordham is the only Jesuit tertiary institution in New York City.Fordham's alumni and faculty include U.S. Senators and representatives, four cardinals of the Catholic Church, several U.S. governors and ambassadors, a number of billionaires, two directors of the CIA, Academy Award and Emmy-winning actors, royalty, a foreign head of state, a White House Counsel, a vice chief of staff of the U.S. Army, a U.S. Postmaster General, a U.S. Attorney General, the first female vice presidential candidate of a major political party in the United States, and a president of the United States.Fordham enrolls approximately 15,300 students from more than 65 countries, and is composed of ten constituent colleges, four of which are undergraduate and six of which are postgraduate, across three campuses in southern New York State: the Rose Hill campus in the Bronx, the Lincoln Center campus in Manhattan's Upper West Side, and the Westchester campus in West Harrison, New York. In addition to these locations, the university maintains a study abroad center in London and field offices in Spain and South Africa. The university offers degrees in over 60 disciplines.The university's athletic teams, the Rams, include a football team that boasted a win in the Sugar Bowl, two Pro Football Hall of Famers, two All-Americans, two Canadian Football League All-Stars, and numerous NFL players; the Rams also participated in history's first televised college football game in 1939 and history's first televised college basketball game in 1940. Fordham's baseball team played the first collegiate baseball game under modern rules in 1859, has fielded 56 major league players, and holds the record for most NCAA Division I baseball victories in history.", "Q72206": "Hans Ludwig Raimund von Koester (29 April 1844 \u2013 21 February 1928) was a German naval officer who served in the Prussian Navy and later in the Imperial German Navy. He retired as a Grand Admiral.", "Q361238": "Salvatore \"Robert\" Loggia (January 3, 1930 \u2013 December 4, 2015) was an American actor and director. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Jagged Edge (1985) and won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor for Big (1988).\nIn a career spanning over sixty years, Loggia performed in many films, including The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965), Revenge of the Pink Panther (1978), An Officer and a Gentleman (1982), Scarface (1983), Prizzi's Honor (1985), Oliver & Company (1988), Innocent Blood (1992), Independence Day (1996), Lost Highway (1997), Return to Me (2000), and Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie (2012). He also appeared on television series including \nthe Walt Disney limited series, The Nine Lives of Elfego Baca (starring role-1958), Mancuso, FBI (in which he starred-1989\u20131990), Malcolm in the Middle (2001), The Sopranos (2004), Men of a Certain Age (2011), and was also the star of the groundbreaking 1966\u201367 NBC martial arts / action series, T.H.E. Cat.", "Q62015": "Friedrich Wilhelm Kritzinger (14 April 1890 \u2013 25 April 1947) was a German official and state secretary in the Reich Chancellery during the period of Nazi Germany. He was the deputy head of the Reich Chancellery under Hans Lammers, and was present at the Wannsee Conference as Lammers' representative.", "Q234205": "Vallauris is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur region in southeastern France. It is located in the metropolitan area, and is today effectively an extension of the town of Antibes, bordering it on its west side.", "Q75569": "La nonna Sabella (internationally released as Oh! Sabella) is a 1957 Italian comedy film directed by Dino Risi. It is based on the novel of the same name written by Pasquale Festa Campanile. The film won the Golden Shell at the San Sebasti\u00e1n International Film Festival. It was followed by La nipote Sabella.", "Q854451": "Celtic music is a broad grouping of music genres that evolved out of the folk music traditions of the Celtic people of Western Europe. It refers to both orally-transmitted traditional music and recorded music and the styles vary considerably to include everything from \"trad\" (traditional) music to a wide range of hybrids.", "Q2915358": "Frank William Dux ( ; born April 6, 1956) is a martial artist, fight choreographer and author. According to Dux, a ninjutsu expert named Senzo Tanaka trained him as a ninja when he was a teenager. He established his own school of ninjutsu called Dux Ryu Ninjutsu, and has said he won a secret martial arts tournament called the Kumite in 1975. His alleged victory at the Kumite served as the inspiration for the 1988 film Bloodsport starring Jean-Claude Van Damme. Dux's victory at the Kumite has been disputed, as has the existence of both the Kumite he described and Senzo Tanaka.\nDux served in the United States Marine Corps Reserve from 1975 to 1981, and claims he was sent on covert missions to Southeast Asia and awarded the Medal of Honor. He also asserts he was recruited by Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) director William J. Casey to work as a covert agent. His military records, however, show he was never sent overseas and has not received any awards; Dux states the military sabotaged his records to discredit him. He has been accused of falsifying his military service by authors B. G. Burkett, Ralph Keyes and Nigel West, and his claim to have worked for the CIA has been dismissed by Director of Central Intelligence Robert Gates, General Norman Schwarzkopf Jr., Major General John K. Singlaub and Soldier of Fortune.\nDux worked as a fight choreographer for Bloodsport, Lionheart (1990) and Only the Strong (1993). He detailed his alleged work for the CIA in the book The Secret Man in 1996, and that same year co-authored the film The Quest alongside Jean-Claude Van Damme. He sued Van Damme for breach of contract over the film, but lost the suit in 1998. He also lost a lawsuit against Soldier of Fortune for libel the following year, over their claims he had falsified his military and CIA service.", "Q82687": "G\u00e9za I (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261e\u02d0z\u0252]; Hungarian: I. G\u00e9za; c. 1040 \u2013 25 April 1077) was King of Hungary from 1074 until his death. He was the eldest son of King B\u00e9la I. His baptismal name was Magnus. With German assistance, G\u00e9za's cousin Solomon acquired the crown when his father died in 1063, forcing G\u00e9za to leave Hungary. G\u00e9za returned with Polish reinforcements and signed a treaty with Solomon in early 1064. In the treaty, G\u00e9za and his brother, Ladislaus acknowledged the rule of Solomon, who granted them their father's former duchy, which encompassed one-third of the Kingdom of Hungary.\nG\u00e9za closely cooperated with Solomon, but their relationship became tense from 1071. The king invaded the duchy in February 1074 and defeated G\u00e9za in a battle. However, G\u00e9za was victorious at the decisive battle of Mogyor\u00f3d on 14 March 1074. He soon acquired the throne, although Solomon maintained his rule in the regions of Moson and Pressburg (present-day Bratislava, Slovakia) for years. G\u00e9za initiated peace negotiations with his dethroned cousin in the last months of his life. G\u00e9za's sons were minors when he died and he was succeeded by his brother Ladislaus.", "Q188344": "Geoffrey of Monmouth (Latin: Galfridus Monemutensis, Galfridus Arturus, Welsh: Gruffudd ap Arthur, Sieffre o Fynwy; c. 1095 \u2013 c. 1155) was a British cleric and one of the major figures in the development of British historiography and the popularity of tales of King Arthur. He is best known for his chronicle The History of the Kings of Britain (Latin: De gestis Britonum or Historia Regum Britanniae) which was widely popular in its day, being translated into other languages from its original Latin. It was given historical credence well into the 16th century, but is now considered historically unreliable.", "Q173690": "Gjirokast\u00ebr (Albanian pronunciation: [\u025fi\u027eokast\u0259\u027e]) is a city in southern Albania, in a valley between the Gjer\u00eb mountains and the Drino, at 300 metres above sea level. Its old town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, described as \"a rare example of a well-preserved Ottoman town, built by farmers of large estate\". The city is overlooked by Gjirokast\u00ebr Fortress, where the Gjirokast\u00ebr National Folklore Festival is held every five years. It is the birthplace of former Albanian communist leader Enver Hoxha, and author Ismail Kadare.\nThe city appears in the historical record dating back in 1336 by its Greek name, \u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf - Argyrokastro, as part of the Byzantine Empire. It became part of the Orthodox Christian diocese of Dryinoupolis and Argyrokastro after the destruction of nearby Adrianoupolis. Gjirokast\u00ebr later was contested between the Despotate of Epirus and the Albanian clan of John Zenevisi before falling under Ottoman rule for the next five centuries (1417\u20131913). Throughout the Ottoman era Gjirokast\u00ebr was officially known in Ottoman Turkish as Ergiri and also Ergiri Kasr\u0131. During the Ottoman period conversions to Islam and an influx of Muslim converts from the surrounding countryside made Gjirokast\u00ebr go from being an overwhelmingly Christian city in the 16th century into one with a large Muslim population by the early 19th century. Gjirokast\u00ebr also became a major religious centre for Bektashi Sufism. Taken by the Hellenic Army during the Balkan Wars of 1912\u20133 on account of its large Greek population, it was eventually incorporated into the newly independent state of Albania in 1913. This proved highly unpopular with the local Greek population, who rebelled; after several months of guerrilla warfare, the short-lived Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus was established in 1914 with Gjirokast\u00ebr as its capital. It was definitively awarded to Albania in 1921. In more recent years, the city witnessed anti-government protests that led to the Albanian civil war of 1997.Along with Muslim and Orthodox Albanians, the city is also home to a substantial Greek minority. Together with Sarand\u00eb, the city is considered one of the centers of the Greek community in Albania, and there is a consulate of Greece.", "Q124910": "Karl Aberle (17 September 1901, in G\u00f6ppingen \n \u2013 8 October 1963) was a German publisher and politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. He was associate editor of the Neuen W\u00fcrttembergischen Zeitung.\nAberle began initially working as an industrial worker, but later changed the job and worked until 1933 as an editor, but resumed as an industrial worker until 1945.After the Second World War, he got together with Fritz Harz to publish a newspaper. The first edition of Neuen W\u00fcrttembergischen Zeitung was published on 2 August 1946.\nAberle was a member of the municipal council of G\u00f6ppingen and the County Council of the district. From 1950 to 1952 he was a member of the Landtag of W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden.", "Q69140": "Beckenried is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland.", "Q92494": "Wolfgang Schuster (born 5 September 1949 in Ulm) was the Lord Mayor of Stuttgart, Germany, from January 1997 until January 2013. He was the successor to Manfred Rommel and he is a member of the CDU.", "Q271981": "Gillian Lesley Gilbert (born 27 January 1961) is an English musician and singer, best known as the keyboardist and guitarist of the band New Order.", "Q1242182": "Dont Look Back is a 1967 American documentary film by D. A. Pennebaker that covers Bob Dylan's 1965 concert tour in England.\nIn 1998, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" In a 2014 Sight & Sound poll, film critics voted Dont Look Back the joint ninth best documentary film of all time.", "Q454972": "Raffaele Andreassi (L'Aquila, August 2, 1924 - November 20, 2008) was an Italian film director most known for his movie Flashback from 1969. The movie is about a soldier in World War II and received many awards. It was entered into the 1969 Cannes Film Festival and nominated for the Golden Palm. Andreassi also did many documentaries during his director career.", "Q851529": "Ginette Reno, (born 28 April 1946) is a Canadian author, composer, singer, and actress. She has received nominations for the Genie and Gemini Awards and is a multi-recipient of the Juno Award. She is a gold and platinum selling Canadian musician.", "Q374153": "Paul Morton (May 22, 1857 \u2013 February 19, 1911) was a U.S. businessman, and served as the 36th Secretary of the Navy under Theodore Roosevelt.", "Q270447": "Grethe Kausland (July 3, 1947 \u2013 November 16, 2007) was a Norwegian singer, performer and actress. As a child star she was one of Norway's most popular singers (her debut single \u201cTeddyen min\u201d from 1955, sold more than 100 000 records), and she participated in several films as a child. She represented Norway in the European Song Contest 1972 singing Sm\u00e5ting with Benny Borg. From 1973 she performed regularly with the entertaining group Dizzie Tunes. Awarded \"Spellemannprisen\" 1978 for the album A Taste of Grethe Kausland, and \"Leonardstatuetten\" 1991 for her achievements on the revue scene.\nShe died from lung cancer on November 16, 2007 in Oslo, Norway.\n\n", "Q207817": "Ab'ul Hasan Yam\u012bn ud-D\u012bn Khusrau (1253 \u2013 1325), better known as Am\u012br Khusrau Dehlav\u012b (Also known as 'Amir Khusro') was a Sufi musician, poet and scholar from India. He was an iconic figure in the cultural history of the Indian subcontinent. He was a mystic and a spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi, India. He wrote poetry primarily in Persian, but also in Hindavi. A vocabulary in verse, the \u1e32h\u0101liq B\u0101r\u012b, containing Arabic, Persian, and Hindavi terms is often attributed to him. Khusrau is sometimes referred to as the \"voice of India\" or \"Parrot of India\" (Tuti-e-Hind), and has been called the \"father of Urdu literature.\"Khusrau is regarded as the \"father of qawwali\" (a devotional music form of the Sufis in the Indian subcontinent), and introduced the ghazal style of song into India, both of which still exist widely in India and Pakistan.\nKhusrau was an expert in many styles of Persian poetry which were developed in medieval Persia, from Kh\u0101q\u0101n\u012b's qasidas to Nizami's khamsa. He used 11 metrical schemes with 35 distinct divisions. He wrote in many verse forms including ghazal, masnavi, qata, rubai, do-baiti and tarkib-band. His contribution to the development of the ghazal was significant.", "Q2453974": "The Don Republic (Russian: \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, later known as the Almighty Don Host, or Russian: \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0412\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435, Vsevelikoe Voisko Donskoe), was an independent self-proclaimed anti-Bolshevik republic formed by the Armed Forces of South Russia on the territory of Don Cossacks against another self-proclaimed Don Soviet Republic. The Don Republic existed during the Russian Civil War after the collapse of the Russian Empire from 1918 to 1920.\nThe assembly of the Don Cossacks \u2014 the Krug \u2014 proclaimed the independence of the Don Republic on May 18, 1918. This occurred after the liquidation of the Bolshevik-controlled Don Soviet Republic in the territory of the Don Host Oblast on May 10, 1918.\nThe Don Republic claimed the territory of the Don region with the city of Novocherkassk as its capital. Administratively, the Don Republic was divided into ten okrugs, covering an area located in the Rostov and Volgograd Oblasts of RSFSR and in the Lugansk and Donetsk Oblasts of the neighboring Donetsk\u2013Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic.\nThe Don Republic ceased to exist after the Don Cossacks, who formed an essential part of the White Army, were defeated by the Red Army in the Russian Civil War. Many of the Russian Cossacks on Don were subjected to a genocide via the Decossackization in 1919\u20131921, during the Soviet famine of 1932\u201333 and because of the repatriation of Cossacks after the Second World War by the United Kingdom to the Soviet Union, resulting in the eventual disappearance of the Don Cossacks' movement of resistance to the Soviet Union.", "Q89922": "Robert Neumann (22 May 1897, in Vienna \u2013 3 January 1975, in Munich) was a German and English-speaking writer. He published numerous novels, autobiographical texts, plays and radio plays as well a few scripts. Through his parody collections, Mit fremden Federn (With Strange Feathers) (1927) and Unter falscher Flagge (Under False Flag) (1932), he is considered as the founder of \"parody as a critical genre in the literature of the 1920s.\"", "Q192334": "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC, UNC-Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, or simply Carolina) is a public research university in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The flagship of the University of North Carolina system, it is considered a Public Ivy, or a public institution which offers an academic experience equivalent to an Ivy League university. After being chartered in 1789, the university first began enrolling students in 1795, which also allows it to be one of three schools to claim the title of the oldest public university in the United States. Among the claimants, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is the only one to have held classes and graduated students as a public university in the eighteenth century.The first public institution of higher education in North Carolina, the school opened its doors to students on February 12, 1795. Under the leadership of President Kemp Plummer Battle, in 1877 North Carolina became coeducational and began the process of desegregation in 1951 when African-American graduate students were admitted under Chancellor Robert Burton House. In 1952, North Carolina opened its own hospital, UNC Health Care, for research and treatment, and has since specialized in cancer care. The school's students, alumni, and sports teams are known as \"Tar Heels\".\nThe university offers degrees in over 70 courses of study and is administratively divided into 13 separate professional schools and a primary unit, the College of Arts & Sciences. Five of the schools have been named: the UNC Kenan\u2013Flagler Business School, the UNC Hussman School of Journalism and Media, the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and the UNC Adams School of Dentistry. All undergraduates receive a liberal arts education and have the option to pursue a major within the professional schools of the university or within the College of Arts and Sciences from the time they obtain junior status.\nUNC's faculty and alumni include 9 Nobel Prize laureates, 23 Pulitzer Prize winners, and 49 Rhodes Scholars. Additional notable alumni include a U.S. President, a U.S. Vice President, 38 Governors of U.S. States, 98 members of the United States Congress, 9 Cabinet members, 39 Henry Luce Scholars, 9 World Cup winners and 3 astronauts as well as founders and CEOs of Fortune 500 companies.\nThe campus covers 729 acres (3 km2) of Chapel Hill's downtown area, encompassing the Morehead Planetarium and the many stores and shops located on Franklin Street. Students can participate in over 550 officially recognized student organizations. The student-run newspaper The Daily Tar Heel has won national awards for collegiate media, while the student radio station WXYC provided the world's first internet radio broadcast. In 2018, UNC was ranked amongst the top 30 universities in the United States according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities, Washington Monthly, and U.S. News & World Report. Internationally, UNC is ranked 30th and 32nd in the world by Academic Ranking of World Universities and U.S. News and World Report, respectively. UNC Chapel Hill is one of the charter members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, which was founded on June 14, 1953. Competing athletically as the Tar Heels, UNC has achieved great success in sports, most notably in men's basketball, women's soccer, and women's field hockey.", "Q368552": "Capitaine Achab (in English, Captain Ahab) is a 2004 French short film directed by Philippe Ramos. It is an interpretation of Moby-Dick by Herman Melville. The film follows a young Achab and the events that inspire his eventual journey to the sea. The film was presented at the Cannes Film Festival and Pantin in 2004.In 2007 a full-length (100 min.) version was released.", "Q274609": "Pandora Peaks (born April 12, 1964) is a retired American adult model for magazine and film, actor, and stripper. She posed for more than 100 men's magazines, such as Playboy, Score and Gent.", "Q532375": "Charles Grandison Finney (August 29, 1792 \u2013 August 16, 1875) was an American Presbyterian minister and leader in the Second Great Awakening in the United States. He has been called The Father of Modern Revivalism. Finney was best known as an innovative revivalist during the period 1825\u20131835 in upstate New York and Manhattan, an opponent of Old School Presbyterian theology, an advocate of Christian perfectionism, and a religious writer.\nTogether with several other evangelical leaders, his religious views led him to promote social reforms, such as abolition of slavery and equal education for women and African Americans. From 1835 he taught at Oberlin College of Ohio, which accepted students without regard to race or sex. He served as its second president from 1851 to 1866, during which its faculty and students were activists for abolition, the Underground Railroad, and universal education.\n\n", "Q617603": "The Communist Workers' Party of Germany (German: Kommunistische Arbeiter-Partei Deutschlands; KAPD) was an anti-parliamentarian and left communist party that was active in Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic. It was founded in April 1920 in Heidelberg as a split from the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). Originally the party remained a \"sympathising member of Communist International.\" In 1922 the KAPD split into two factions, both of whom kept the name but are referred to as the KAPD Essen Faction and the KAPD Berlin Faction.\nThe KAPD Essen Faction was linked to the Communist Workers International.\nThe Entschiedene Linke decided unanimously to join the KAPD during its congress of 4\u20136 June 1927.The party published a paper, Kommunistische Arbeiter-Zeitung.", "Q184556": "Serhiy Nazarovych Bubka (Ukrainian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0439 \u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0430, born 4 December 1963) is a Ukrainian former pole vaulter. He represented the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. Bubka was twice named Athlete of the Year by Track & Field News, and in 2012 was one of 24 athletes inducted as inaugural members of the International Association of Athletics Federations Hall of Fame.Bubka won six consecutive IAAF World Championships, an Olympic gold medal and broke the world record for men's pole vault 35 times. He was the first pole vaulter to clear 6.0 metres and 6.10 metres.He held the indoor world record of 6.15 meters, set on 21 February 1993 in Donetsk, Ukraine for almost 21 years until France's Renaud Lavillenie cleared 6.16 metres on 15 February 2014 at the same meet in the same arena.\nHe is the current outdoor world record holder at 6.14 meters, a record he has held since 31 July 1994, though since adopting rule 260.18a in 2000 the IAAF regards Lavillenie's record as the official \"world record.\"Bubka is Senior Vice President of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), serving since 2007, and President of the National Olympic Committee of Ukraine, serving since 2005. He is also an Honorary Member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), having been involved since 1996.", "Q121698": "J Records was an American record label owned and operated by Sony Music Entertainment, and was distributed through the RCA Music Group. The label was founded in 2000 by Clive Davis and was dissolved into RCA Records in 2011.", "Q608723": "The Bristol Old Vic Theatre School is a drama school in Bristol, England that provides training in acting for film, television and theatre.\nThe Old Vic Theatre School is an affiliate of the Conservatoire for Dance and Drama. Its higher education awards are validated by the University of the West of England, and its students graduate alongside members of UWE Bristol's Faculty of Arts, Creative Industries and Education. It is a member of the Federation of Drama Schools.", "Q948722": "Alphonse Rabbe (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, 1784 (?) \u2013 Paris, 31 December 1829) was a French writer, historian, critic, and journalist.", "Q183239": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American fantasy romantic drama film directed by David Fincher. The storyline by Eric Roth and Robin Swicord is loosely based on the 1922 eponymous short story by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The film stars Brad Pitt as a man who ages in reverse and Cate Blanchett as the love interest throughout his life. The film also stars Taraji P. Henson, Julia Ormond, Jason Flemyng, Elias Koteas, and Tilda Swinton. \nProducer Ray Stark bought the film rights to do the short story in the mid-1980s with Universal Pictures backing the film, but struggled to get the project off the ground until he sold the rights to producers Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall in the 1990s. Although it was moved to Paramount Pictures in the 1990s, the film did not enter production until after Fincher and Pitt signed on along with the rest of the cast in 2005. Principal photography began in November 2006 and wrapped up in September 2007. Digital Domain worked on the visual effects of the film, particularly in the process of the metamorphosis of Pitt's character.\nThe Curious Case of Benjamin Button was released in North America on December 25, 2008 to positive reviews from critics, who praised Fincher's directing, Pitt's performance, production values, and visual effects. The film was a box office success, grossing $335.8 million worldwide against its $167 million budget. The film received thirteen Academy Award nominations, the most of the 81st Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director for Fincher, Best Actor for Pitt, and Best Supporting Actress for Taraji P. Henson, and won three, for Best Art Direction, Best Makeup, and Best Visual Effects.", "Q897432": "G\u00e9za Sz\u0151cs (born 21 August 1953, in T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219) is an ethnic Hungarian poet and politician from Transylvania, Romania, who served as Secretary of State for Culture of the Ministry of National Resources in Hungary from 2 June 2010 to 13 June 2012.", "Q641445": "Copenhagen Records is a Danish record label formed on 5 January 2004 by former EMI Recorded Music Denmark staff members to give artists more artistic autonomy. It houses artists spread over a wide range of genres, from rock to rap, and from pop artists to comedians.\nIn September 2011, Universal Music Group acquires Copenhagen Records, along with the rest of MBO Group. The label operates as one of UMG's standalone labels.", "Q55691": "Shirish Pai (Devanagari: \u0936\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0937 \u092a\u0948) (15 November 1929 \u2013 2 September 2017) was a social worker and a writer from Maharashtra, India. She had written in Marathi and English, primarily the former.", "Q746458": "Augustus Owsley Stanley III (January 19, 1935 \u2013 March 12, 2011) was an American audio engineer and clandestine chemist. He was a key figure in the San Francisco Bay Area hippie movement during the 1960s and played a pivotal role in the decade\u2019s counterculture. Under the professional name Bear, he was the soundman for the rock band the Grateful Dead, whom he met when Ken Kesey invited them to an Acid Test party. As their sound engineer, Stanley frequently recorded live tapes behind his mixing board and developed their Wall of Sound sound system, one of the largest mobile public address systems ever constructed. Stanley also designed the band's trademark skull logo.Stanley was the first known private individual to manufacture mass quantities of LSD. By his own account, between 1965 and 1967, Stanley produced no less than 500 grams of LSD, amounting to a little more than five million doses.He died in a car accident in Australia (where he had taken citizenship in 1996) on March 12, 2011.", "Q445857": "Arthur (Usher) Fellig (June 12, 1899 \u2013 December 26, 1968), known by his pseudonym Weegee, was a photographer and photojournalist, known for his stark black and white street photography in New York City.Weegee worked in Manhattan's Lower East Side as a press photographer during the 1930s and 1940s and developed his signature style by following the city's emergency services and documenting their activity. Much of his work depicted unflinchingly realistic scenes of urban life, crime, injury and death. Weegee published photographic books and also worked in cinema, initially making his own short films and later collaborating with film directors such as Jack Donohue and Stanley Kubrick.", "Q39987": "Ann Brashares (born July 30, 1967) is an American young adult novelist. She is best known as the author of The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants series.", "Q435368": "Christina Cox (born July 31, 1971) is a Canadian film and television actress and stuntwoman.", "Q216932": "Feodor Ingvar Kamprad (Swedish: [\u02c8\u026a\u030c\u014b\u02d0var \u02c8k\u01cem\u02d0prad] (listen); 30 March 1926 \u2013 27 January 2018) was a Swedish business magnate best known for founding IKEA, a multinational retail company specialising in furniture. He lived in Switzerland from 1976 to 2014.", "Q444591": "Sir Run Run Shaw (November 1907 \u2013 7 January 2014), also known as Shao Yifu and Siu Yat-fu, was a Hong Kong entertainment mogul and philanthropist. He was one of the most influential figures in the Asian entertainment industry. He founded the Shaw Brothers Studio, one of the largest film production companies in Hong Kong, and TVB, the dominant television company in Hong Kong.\nA well-known philanthropist, Shaw donated billions of Hong Kong dollars to educational institutions in Hong Kong and mainland China. More than 5,000 buildings on Chinese college campuses bear his name, as does Shaw College of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He also established the Shaw Prize for Astronomy, Life Science & Medicine and Mathematical Sciences.", "Q69168": "Niederbipp is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the former municipality of Wolfisberg merged into Niederbipp.", "Q422614": "The Aktionsgruppe Banat was a literary society that fought for freedom of speech, founded by German-speaking authors of the Banat Swabian minority in the Romanian Banat in 1972. The society suffered persecution from the communist authorities and the Securitate secret police, and was eventually dissolved by the communist authorities in 1975.", "Q190523": "Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer (born December 13, 1929) is a Canadian actor whose career has spanned eight decades, beginning with his film debut in Stage Struck (1958).\nHe is known for portraying Captain Georg von Trapp in The Sound of Music (1965), and has portrayed numerous major historical figures, including the Emperor Commodus in The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964), Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington in Waterloo (1970), Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King (1975), Mike Wallace in The Insider (1999), Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station (2009), Kaiser Wilhelm II in The Exception (2016), and J. Paul Getty in All the Money in the World (2017).\nPlummer has received various accolades for his work, including an Academy Award, a Genie Award, two Emmy Awards, two Tony Awards, a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a British Academy Film Award; he is one of the few performers to receive the Triple Crown of Acting, and the only Canadian. He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor at the age of 82 for Beginners (2010), becoming the oldest actor to win an acting award, and he received a nomination at the age of 88 for All the Money in the World, making him the oldest person to be nominated in an acting category.", "Q530562": "Billy Bevan (born William Bevan Harris, 29 September 1887 \u2013 26 November 1957) was an Australian-born vaudevillian, who became an American film actor. He appeared in 254 American films between 1916 and 1950.", "Q185": "Lawrence Mark Sanger (; born July 16, 1968) is an American internet project developer and co-founder of the internet encyclopedia Wikipedia, for which he coined the name and wrote much of its original governing policy. Sanger has worked on other online educational websites such as Nupedia, Citizendium, Everipedia, and the Encyclosphere. \nWhile studying at college, Sanger developed an interest in using the internet for educational purposes and joined the online encyclopedia Nupedia as editor-in-chief in 2000. Disappointed with the slow progress of Nupedia, Sanger proposed using a wiki to solicit and receive articles to put through Nupedia's peer-review process; this change led to the development and launch of Wikipedia in 2001. Sanger served as Wikipedia's community leader in Wikipedia's early stages but became increasingly disillusioned with the project and left it in 2002.\nSince Sanger's departure from Wikipedia, he has been critical of the project, describing it in 2007 as being \"broken beyond repair\". He has argued that despite its merits, Wikipedia lacks credibility due to a lack of respect for expertise and authority. He founded Citizendium in 2006 to compete with Wikipedia. Sanger's status as a co-founder of Wikipedia has been questioned by fellow co-founder Jimmy Wales but is generally accepted.\nBesides the Internet, Sanger's interests have been focused mainly on philosophy\u2014in particular epistemology, early modern philosophy, and ethics. He taught philosophy at his alma mater Ohio State University.", "Q114623": "Barbara Frischmuth (born 5 July 1941 in Altaussee, Salzkammergut) is an Austrian writer of poetry and prose.\nShe is a member of the Grazer Gruppe (the Graz Authors' Assembly), along with Peter Handke.\n\n", "Q277300": "Ashokan is an Indian actor known for his roles in Malayalam films. He made his film debut with Peruvazhiyambalam (1979). He's best known for his roles in Yavanika (1982), Yuvajanotsavam (1986),Thoovanathumbikal (1987), Moonnam Pakkam (1988),In Harihar Nagar (1990), Amaram (1990), and 2 Harihar Nagar (2009).", "Q186341": "The Shining is a 1980 psychological horror film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick and co-written with novelist Diane Johnson. The film is based on Stephen King's 1977 novel of the same name and stars Jack Nicholson, Shelley Duvall, Scatman Crothers, and Danny Lloyd.\nThe central character in The Shining is Jack Torrance (Nicholson), an aspiring writer and recovering alcoholic, who accepts a position as the off-season caretaker of the isolated historic Overlook Hotel in the Colorado Rockies. Wintering over with Jack are his wife, Wendy Torrance (Duvall) and young son, Danny Torrance (Lloyd). Danny possesses \"the shining\", psychic abilities that enable him to see into the hotel's horrific past. The hotel cook, Dick Hallorann (Crothers), also has this ability and is able to communicate with Danny telepathically. The hotel had a previous winter caretaker who went insane and killed his family and himself. After a winter storm leaves the Torrances snowbound, Jack's sanity deteriorates due to the influence of the supernatural forces that inhabit the hotel, placing his wife and son in danger.\nProduction took place almost exclusively at EMI Elstree Studios, with sets based on real locations. Kubrick often worked with a small crew, which allowed him to do many takes, sometimes to the exhaustion of the actors and staff. The new Steadicam mount was used to shoot several scenes, giving the film an innovative and immersive look and feel. There has been much speculation into the meanings and actions in the film because of inconsistencies, ambiguities, symbolism, and differences from the book.\nThe film was released in the United States on May 23, 1980, and in the United Kingdom on October 2, 1980, by Warner Bros. There were several versions for theatrical releases, each of which was cut shorter than the one preceding it; about 27 minutes were cut in total. Reactions to the film at the time of its release were mixed; Stephen King criticized the film due to its deviations from the novel. Critical opinion has become more favorable and it is now widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential horror films ever made and has become a staple of pop culture. In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".A sequel, Doctor Sleep, was released on November 8, 2019, in the United States, and on October 31, 2019, in Europe.", "Q67145": "Bauma is a municipality in the district of Pf\u00e4ffikon in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.", "Q1979936": "Jivani (Armenian: \u054b\u056b\u057e\u0561\u0576\u056b, 1846\u20131909), born Serob Stepani Levonian (\u054d\u0565\u0580\u0578\u0562 \u054d\u057f\u0565\u0583\u0561\u0576\u056b \u053c\u0587\u0578\u0576\u0575\u0561\u0576), was an Armenian ashugh (bard) and poet.", "Q239709": "Janet Rosenberg Jagan OE (October 20, 1920 \u2013 March 28, 2009) was the first female President of Guyana, serving from December 19, 1997, to August 11, 1999. She previously served as the first female Prime Minister of Guyana from March 17, 1997, to December 19, 1997. The wife of Cheddi Jagan, whom she succeeded as president, she was awarded Guyana's highest national award, the Order of Excellence, in 1993, and the UNESCO Mahatma Gandhi Gold Medal for Women's Rights in 1998.", "Q26119": "Pre\u0161ov (Slovak pronunciation: [\u02c8pr\u025b\u0283\u0254\u028a\u032f] (listen), Hungarian: Eperjes, German: Eperies, Preschau, Ukrainian: \u041f\u0440\u044f\u0448\u0456\u0432/Priashiv) is a city in Eastern Slovakia. It is a seat of the administrative Pre\u0161ov Region (Slovak: Pre\u0161ovsk\u00fd kraj) and \u0160ari\u0161 as well as the historic Szepes County of the Kingdom of Hungary. With a population of approximately 89,000, it is the third-largest city in Slovakia. It lends its name to the Eperjes-Tokaj Hill-Chain. There are many tourist attractions in Pre\u0161ov such as castles, pools and the old town.", "Q462556": "Lisbeth Berg-Hansen (born 14 March 1963) is a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Labour Party.\nShe chaired the Norwegian Seafood Federation from 2002 to 2005, and was Vice President of the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise from 2004 to 2008. In politics, she was a political advisor in the Ministry of Fisheries from 1992 to 1996, and State Secretary in the Office of the Prime Minister from 2000 to 2001. On 20 October 2009, she was appointed Minister of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs.She is the deputy chair of the board of the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, and a member of the board of Aker Seafoods, Fosen Trafikklag, Investinor (formerly known as Statens Investeringsselskap), SOS-barnebyer and Bod\u00f8 University College.She lives in Bindal.", "Q569371": "Di Derre is a Norwegian Pop rock band, founded in 1992. They were awarded the Gammleng-prisen in 1996.", "Q189714": "Fran\u00e7ois-No\u00ebl Babeuf (French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa n\u0254\u025bl bab\u0153f]; 23 November 1760 \u2013 27 May 1797), known as Gracchus Babeuf, was a French political agitator and journalist of the French Revolutionary period. His newspaper, Le tribun du peuple (\"the tribune of the people\"), was best known for its advocacy for the poor and calling for a popular revolt against the Directory, the government of France. He was a leading advocate for democracy and the abolition of private property. He angered the authorities who were clamping down hard on their radical enemies. In spite of the efforts of his Jacobin friends to save him, Babeuf was executed for his role in the Conspiracy of the Equals.\nThe \"Gracchus\" nickname likened him to the ancient Roman tribunes of the people. Although the words \"anarchist\" and \"communist\" did not exist in Babeuf's lifetime, they have both been used by later scholars to describe his ideas. The word \"communism\" was first used in English by Goodwyn Barmby in a conversation with those he described as the \"disciples of Babeuf\". He has been called \"The First Revolutionary Communist.\"\n\n", "Q67623": "Schwarzh\u00e4usern is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q276778": "Gambit is a 2012 film directed by Michael Hoffman, starring Colin Firth, Cameron Diaz, Alan Rickman and Stanley Tucci. It is a remake of the 1966 film of the same name starring Shirley MacLaine and Michael Caine. This version is written by Joel and Ethan Coen. The film premiered in Great Britain on 21 November 2012; it never received a theatrical release in the US, despite originally being planned for a 12 October 2012 release, and went straight-to-DVD on 25 April 2014.", "Q334239": "Thomas Wakley (11 July 1795 \u2013 16 May 1862) was an English surgeon. He gained fame as a social reformer who campaigned against incompetence, privilege and nepotism. He was the founding editor of The Lancet, a radical Member of Parliament (MP) and a celebrated coroner.", "Q303495": "Reach for the Sky is a 1956 British biographical film about aviator Douglas Bader, based on the 1954 biography of the same name by Paul Brickhill. The film stars Kenneth More and was directed by Lewis Gilbert. It won the BAFTA Award for Best British Film of 1956. The film's composer John Addison was Bader's brother-in-law.\n\n", "Q332890": "Angus Edmund Upton Maude, Baron Maude of Stratford-upon-Avon, (8 September 1912 \u2013 9 November 1993) was a British Conservative politician and cabinet minister from 1979 to 1981. He is the father of former Conservative MP Francis Maude.", "Q105048": "S\u0142upsk ([swupsk] (listen); German: Stolp; also known by several alternative names) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, with a population of 91,007 inhabitants as of December 2018. It occupies 43.15 square kilometres (16.66 sq mi) and, according to the Central Statistical Office, S\u0142upsk is one of the most densely populated cities in the country. Located near the Baltic Sea and on the S\u0142upia River, the city is the administrative seat of S\u0142upsk County and was until 1999 the capital of S\u0142upsk Voivodeship. The neighbouring administrative districts (gminas) are Kobylnica and Gmina S\u0142upsk.\nS\u0142upsk had its origins as a Pomeranian settlement in the early Middle Ages. In 1265 it was given town rights. By the 14th century, the town had become a centre of local administration and trade and a Hanseatic League associate. Between 1368 and 1478, it was the residence of the Dukes of S\u0142upsk, until 1474 vassals of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1648, according to the peace treaty of Osnabr\u00fcck, Stolp became part of Brandenburg-Prussia. In 1815 it was incorporated into the newly formed Prussian Province of Pomerania. After World War II the city was assigned to Poland as part of the recovered territories.", "Q313686": "William Harrison \"Jack\" Dempsey (June 24, 1895 \u2013 May 31, 1983), nicknamed Kid Blackie, and The Manassa Mauler, was an Irish, \nNative-American professional boxer who competed from 1914 to 1927, and reigned as the world heavyweight champion from 1919 to 1926. A cultural icon of the 1920s, Dempsey's aggressive fighting style and exceptional punching power made him one of the most popular boxers in history. Many of his fights set financial and attendance records, including the first million-dollar gate, and pioneered the live broadcast of sporting events in general, and boxing matches in particular.\nDempsey is ranked tenth on The Ring magazine's list of all-time heavyweights and seventh among its Top 100 Greatest Punchers, while in 1950 the Associated Press voted him as the greatest fighter of the past 50 years. He is a member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, and was in the previous Boxing Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q112534": "Edwin Van Wyck Zschau (; born January 6, 1940) represented California's 12th District in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 1987. In 1986 he ran as the Republican candidate for a seat in the United States Senate. He prevailed in a crowded Republican primary that included, among others, conservative commentator Bruce Herschensohn, Los Angeles County supervisor Michael D. Antonovich and Congresswoman Bobbi Fiedler, but then lost to incumbent Democrat Alan Cranston by a narrow margin.Zschau briefly re-entered the political arena as the vice presidential running mate to former Colorado Governor Dick Lamm, a Democrat, who challenged Ross Perot for the Reform Party presidential nomination in 1996.\nOn May 26, 2019, Dr. Zschau became the Interim President of Sierra Nevada College.", "Q154561": "The University of Jena, officially the Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena (German: Friedrich-Schiller-Universit\u00e4t Jena, abbreviated FSU, shortened form Uni Jena) is a public research university located in Jena, Thuringia, Germany.\nThe university was established in 1558 and is counted among the ten oldest universities in Germany. It is affiliated with six Nobel Prize winners, most recently in 2000 when Jena graduate Herbert Kroemer won the Nobel Prize for physics. It was renamed after the poet Friedrich Schiller who was teaching as professor of philosophy when Jena attracted some of the most influential minds at the turn of the 19th century. With Karl Leonhard Reinhold, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, G. W. F. Hegel, F. W. J. Schelling and Friedrich von Schlegel on its teaching staff, the university was at the centre of the emergence of German idealism and early Romanticism.\nAs of 2014, the university has around 19,000 students enrolled and 375 professors. Its current president, Walter Rosenthal, was elected in 2014 for a six-year term.", "Q717617": "Sondhi Limthongkul (Thai: \u0e2a\u0e19\u0e18\u0e34 \u0e25\u0e34\u0e49\u0e21\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e38\u0e25; RTGS: Sonthi Limthongkun; Chinese: \u6797\u660e\u9054; pinyin: L\u00edn M\u00edngd\u00e1, born 7 November 1947) is a Thai media mogul and leader of the right-wing People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD). He was elected leader of the New Politics Party (NPP).\nStarting his career as a journalist, he later founded Manager Daily newspaper as well as satellite broadcaster ASTV. Originally a strong supporter of former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, he later became a leader of the anti-Thaksin movement. Under his leadership, the PAD was the major player in the 2005\u20132006 Thai political crisis that led to the 2006 military coup that toppled the Thaksin government. When Thaksin-affiliated parties won the 2007 general election, Sondhi became the major player in the 2008\u20132009 Thai political crisis, leading the PAD in violent clashes with security forces and anti-PAD protestors as well as the seizure of Government House, Don Muang Airport, and Suvarnabhumi Airport. Sondhi is more or less a supporter of the Democrat Party and stopped the PAD's protests after Democrat leader Abhisit Vejjajiva was appointed Prime Minister.\nIn April 2009, Abhisit faced massive anti-government protests led by the pro-Thaksin red shirts which caused the Fourth East Asia Summit to be canceled and was followed by riots in Bangkok. Days after the Bangkok unrest was quelled by military force, gunmen ambushed Sondhi's car, a black Toyota Vellfire, at a petrol station. They shot out the tires, and fired over 100 M-16 and AK-47 assault rifle rounds at the car. The attackers escaped from the scene when Sondhi's followers in another car opened fire on them. Sondhi suffered a serious head wound but remained conscious, standing and lucid before being sent to a hospital for emergency surgery. Sondhi survived the surgery, which involved removing several bullet fragments embedded about half a centimetre deep in his skull. It is not certain who was behind the shooting, though Sondhi's son and PAD's spokesmen speculated that a faction of the military or police might have been behind it.On 6 September 2016, the Supreme Court of Thailand ruled that he must serve the 20 years in prison sentence ruled by the Appeals Court in 2012, when he was freed on bail. The sentence, according to the Supreme Court, will not be suspended. He was found guilty of violating the Securities and Exchange Act by falsifying documents in 1997 to secure a loan from Krung Thai Bank amounting to 1.08 billion baht.", "Q75227": "Wolfgang Stock (born July 5, 1959 in Hannover) is a German journalist, author, professor and managing partner of Convincet, a business consultancy for corporate communications.", "Q157068": "Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (born Prince Louis of Battenberg; 25 June 1900 \u2013 27 August 1979), was a British Royal Navy officer and statesman, an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and second cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II. During the Second World War, he was Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia Command (1943\u20131946). He was the last Viceroy of India (1947) and the first governor-general of independent India (1947\u20131948).\nFrom 1954 to 1959, Mountbatten was First Sea Lord, a position that had been held by his father, Prince Louis of Battenberg, some forty years earlier. Thereafter he served as chief of the Defence Staff until 1965, making him the longest-serving professional head of the British Armed Forces to date. During this period Mountbatten also served as chairman of the NATO Military Committee for a year.\nIn August 1979, Mountbatten was assassinated by a bomb that was hidden aboard his fishing boat in Mullaghmore, County Sligo, Ireland, by members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army.", "Q1991246": "Henry Shaw (July 24, 1800 in Sheffield, England \u2013 August 25, 1889 in St. Louis, Missouri) was a major businessman and entrepreneur in St. Louis when it was a gateway city to the West. His businesses supplied residents, pioneers and others. Having made his fortune, he was able to retire at age 40, pursue his interest in botany, and used much of his fortune in philanthropy. He is best known as the founder of the Missouri Botanical Garden, but he also donated the land to the city for Tower Grove Park and oversaw its development. He donated funds to several other city institutions as well.\n\n", "Q450282": "Alyn Shipton (born 24 November 1953) is an English jazz author, presenter, critic, and jazz bassist.", "Q119461": "Princess Nukata (\u984d\u7530\u738b, Nukata no \u014ckimi, c. 630\u2013690 CE) (also known as Princess Nukada) was a Japanese poet of the Asuka period.\nThe daughter of Prince Kagami and supposed younger sister of Princess Kagami, Nukata became Emperor Tenmu's favorite wife and bore him a daughter, Princess T\u014dchi (who would become Emperor K\u014dbun's consort). A legend claims that she later became consort to Emperor Tenji, Emperor Tenmu's elder brother, but there is no evidence to support this claim. \nNukata was one of the great female poets of her time; thirteen of her poems appear in the Man'y\u014dsh\u016b: Nos. 7\u20139, 16\u201318, 20, 112, 113, 151, 155, 488, and 1606. (No. 1606 is a repeat of No. 488.) Two of the poems are reprinted in the later poetry collections Shinchokusen Wakash\u016b and Shinsh\u016bi Wakash\u016b. \nPoem No. 9 is known as one of the most difficult poems within the Man'y\u014dsh\u016b to interpret.\nThe first two lines of the poem has already defeated modern scholarship to date. Some theories include:\n\n\u6728\u7dbf\u53d6\u308a\u3057\u3000\u795d\u93ae\u3080\u308b (Y\u016btori shi, iwaishizumuru...), Kaoru Tani\u7d00\u306e\u56fd\u306e\u3000\u5c71\u8d8a\u3048\u3066\u884c\u3051 (Ki-no-kuni no yama koete yuke...), Kada no Azumamaro\n\u4e09\u5ba4\u306e\u3000\u5c71\u898b\u3064\u3064\u884c\u3051 (Mimuro-no-yama mitsutsu yuke...), Mokichi Sait\u014d\n\u4e09\u8af8\u306e\u3000\u5c71\u898b\u3064\u3064\u884c\u3051 (Mimoro-no-yama mitsutsu yuke...), Kamochi Masazumi\n\u307f\u5409\u91ce\u306e\u3000\u5c71\u898b\u3064\u3064\u884c\u3051 (Miyoshino no yama mitsutsu yuke...), Tokujir\u014d Oyama\u9999\u5177\u5c71\u306e\u3000\u56fd\u898b\u3055\u3084\u3051\u307f (Kaguyama no kuni misayakemi...), Kaneko\n\u5742\u9ce5\u306e\u3000\u63a9\u3075\u306a\u671d\u96ea (Sakatori no \u014duna asayuki...) Teiichi Kumekawa\n\u9759\u307e\u308a\u3057\u3000\u6d66\u6ce2\u3055\u308f\u304f (Shizumarishi uranami sawaku...), Hisataka Omodaka\n\u9759\u307e\u308a\u3057\u3000\u5927\u592b\u3089\u4f47\u3061 (Shizumarishi taburatsumadachi...), Mineko Kawaguchi\n\u9759\u307e\u308a\u3057\u3000\u96f7\u306a\u9cf4\u308a\u305d\u306d (Shizumarishi raina narisone...), Toshihiko Tsuchihashi\n\u548c\u307e\u308a\u3057\u3000\u76f8\u4f1a\u3075\u305d\u3042\u3051 (Nagomarishi aiau soake...)\n\u52fe\u306e\u3000\u7530\u8606\u898b\u3064\u3064\u884c\u3051 (Magari no tabushi mitsutsuyuke...), Bunmei Tsuchiya\n\u307e\u3064\u3061\u5c71\u3000\u898b\u3064\u3064\u3053\u305d\u884c\u3051 (Matsuchi-yama mitsutsu kosoyuke...), Inoue Michiyasu\n\u5915\u6708\u306e\u3000\u5149\u8e0f\u307f\u3066\u7acb\u3066 (Y\u016bzuki no kage fumite tate...), Sueo Itami\n\u5915\u6708\u306e\u3000\u4ef0\u304e\u3066\u554f\u3072\u3057 (Y\u016bzuki no aogite toishi...), Sengaku, Kimura Masakoto\n\u5915\u6708\u3057\u3000\u8986\u3072\u306a\u305b\u305d\u96f2 (Y\u016bzuki shi \u014dinaseso kumo...), Keits\u016bAccording to Alexander Vovin the first two lines should be read in Old Korean, whereby their meaning is similar to the one proposed by Sengaku.", "Q233224": "Empress Genmei (\u5143\u660e\u5929\u7687, Genmei-tenn\u014d, April 20, 660 \u2013 December 29, 721), also known as Empress Genmy\u014d, was the 43rd monarch of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Genmei's reign spanned the years 707 through 715 CE.In the history of Japan, Genmei was the fourth of eight women to take on the role of empress regnant. The three female monarchs before Genmei were Suiko, K\u014dgyoku/Saimei, and Jit\u014d. The four women sovereigns reigning after Genmei were Gensh\u014d, K\u014dken/Sh\u014dtoku, Meish\u014d, and Go-Sakuramachi.", "Q337730": "No Small Affair is a 1984 American comedy-drama film directed by Jerry Schatzberg and starring Jon Cryer and Demi Moore. Cryer, Jennifer Tilly and Tim Robbins make their film debuts.", "Q146165": "The Nordic Council is the official body for formal inter-parliamentary co-operation among the Nordic countries. Formed in 1952, it has 87 representatives from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden as well as from the autonomous areas of the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and the \u00c5land Islands. The representatives are members of parliament in their respective countries or areas and are elected by those parliaments. The Council holds ordinary sessions each year in October/November and usually one extra session per year with a specific theme. The Council's official languages are Danish, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish, though it uses only Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish as its working languages. These three comprise the first language of around 80% of the region's population and are learned as a second or foreign language by the remaining 20%.In 1971, the Nordic Council of Ministers, an intergovernmental forum, was established to complement the Council. The Council and the Council of Ministers are involved in various forms of cooperation with neighbouring areas, amongst them being the Baltic Assembly and the Benelux, as well as Russia and Schleswig-Holstein.\n\n", "Q995231": "Long Branch is a beachside city in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 30,719, reflecting a decline of 621 (-2.0%) from the 31,340 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 2,682 (+9.4%) from the 28,658 counted in the 1990 Census.Long Branch was formed on April 11, 1867, as the Long Branch Commission, from portions of Ocean Township. Long Branch was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8, 1903, based on the results of a referendum, replacing the Long Branch Commission.", "Q377314": "Mika Yamamoto (\u5c71\u672c \u7f8e\u9999, Yamamoto Mika) (26 May 1967 \u2013 20 August 2012) was an award-winning Japanese video and photo journalist for the news agency Japan Press. Yamamoto was killed on 20 August 2012 while covering the ongoing Syrian Civil War in Aleppo, Syria. She was the first Japanese and fourth foreign journalist killed in the Syrian Civil War that began in March 2011. She was also the fifteenth journalist killed in Syria in 2012. Yamamoto was a recipient of the Vaughn-Uyeda Memorial Prize of the Japanese Newspaper Publishers and Editors Association for her reporting of international affairs in 2004.", "Q14815": "Wei\u00dfenfels (IPA: [\u02c8va\u026as\u0259n\u02ccf\u025bls]; often written in English as Weissenfels) is the largest town of the Burgenlandkreis district, in southern Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the river Saale, approximately 30 km (20 mi) south of Halle.", "Q25410": "Aalborg (, also US: , Danish: [\u02c8\u028cl\u02ccp\u0252\u02c0] (listen)), also spelt \u00c5lborg, is Denmark's fourth largest city with an urban population of 139,016.\nThe twin city N\u00f8rresundby is 600 metres (2,000 ft) across the Limfjord. With a population of 215,312 (as of 2019), the Municipality of Aalborg is the third most populous in the country after Copenhagen and Aarhus. By road Aalborg is 64 kilometres (40 mi) southwest of Frederikshavn, and 118 kilometres (73 mi) north of Aarhus. The distance to Copenhagen is 412 kilometres (256 mi) if travelling by road and not using ferries.\nThe earliest settlements date to around AD 700. Aalborg's position at the narrowest point on the Limfjord made it an important harbour during the Middle Ages, and later a large industrial centre. Architecturally, the city is known for its half-timbered mansions built by its prosperous merchants. Budolfi Church, now a cathedral, dates from the end of the 14th century and Aalborghus Castle, a royal residence, was built in 1550. Today, Aalborg is a city in transition from a working-class industrial area to a knowledge-based community. A major exporter of grain, cement, and spirits, its thriving business interests include Siemens Wind Power, Aalborg Industries, and Aalborg Portland. These companies have become global producers of wind turbine rotors, marine boilers and cement.\nWith its theatres, symphony orchestra, opera company, performance venues, and museums such as Aalborg Historical Museum and the Aalborg Museum of Modern Art, Aalborg is an important cultural hub. The Aalborg Carnival, held at the end of May, is one of the largest festivals in Scandinavia, attracting some 100,000 people annually. The major university is the University of Aalborg, founded in 1974, which has more than 20,000 students (as of 2016). The University College of Northern Denmark is one of seven new regional organisations while the Royal School of Library and Information Science (RSLIS) provides higher education in library and information science. Tr\u00e6nregimentet, the Danish regiment for army supply and emergency medical personnel, is also in Aalborg. Aalborg University Hospital, the largest in the north of Jutland, was founded in 1881.\nThe football club Aalborg BK, established in 1885 and based at Nordjyske Arena, won the Danish Superliga in the 1994\u201395 season, the 1998\u201399 season, the 2007\u201308 season and the 2013\u201314 season. Other sports associations include the icehockey club Aalborg Pirates, the men's handball team Aalborg H\u00e5ndbold, the rugby club Aalborg RK, and Aalborg Cricket Club. Aalborg Railway Station, on John F. Kennedys Plads has connected the city to Randers and the south since 1869. Aalborg Airport is just 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) northwest of the city centre, and the E45, a European route from Alta, Norway, to Gela, Italy, passes through Aalborg.\nThe European Commission has concluded that the citizens of Aalborg are the most satisfied people in Europe with their city.", "Q171905": "Eric Marlon Bishop (born December 13, 1967), known professionally as Jamie Foxx, is an American actor, singer, comedian, songwriter, and producer. Foxx became widely known for his portrayal of Ray Charles in the 2004 biographical film Ray, for which he won the Academy Award, BAFTA, Screen Actors Guild Award, Critics' Choice Movie Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. That same year, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the crime film Collateral. Since spring 2017, Foxx has served as the host and executive producer of the Fox game show Beat Shazam.\nOther acting roles include Staff Sergeant Sykes in Jarhead (2005), record executive Curtis Taylor Jr. in Dreamgirls (2006), Detective Ricardo Tubbs in the 2006 film adaptation of TV series Miami Vice, the title role in the film Django Unchained (2012), the supervillain Electro in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014), Will Stacks in Annie (2014), and gangster Bats / Leon Jefferson III in Baby Driver (2017). Foxx also starred in the sketch comedy show In Living Color (1991-1994) and his own television sitcom The Jamie Foxx Show (1996\u20132001), in which he played Jamie King Jr.\nFoxx is also a Grammy Award-winning musician, producing four albums, which have charted in the top ten of the U.S. Billboard 200: Unpredictable (2005), which topped the chart, Intuition (2008), Best Night of My Life (2010), and Hollywood: A Story of a Dozen Roses (2015).", "Q4346512": "Claire Stansfield (born 27 August 1964) is an English-Canadian actress, director, fashion designer and former model. She is best known for her recurring role as \"Alti\" in several episodes of the TV series Xena: Warrior Princess.", "Q106555": "Jean Raoul Robert Rochefort (French: [\u0292\u00e3 \u0281\u0254\u0283.f\u0254\u0281]; 29 April 1930 \u2013 9 October 2017) was a French stage and screen actor. He received many accolades during his career, including an Honorary C\u00e9sar in 1999.", "Q703676": "Joe Anderson (born 26 March 1982) is an English film actor and singer best known for his work in Across the Universe, Becoming Jane, Control, The Ruins, The Crazies, Horns and as Alistair in The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn \u2013 Part 2 (2012). He also starred as Asa Farrell in the WGN America drama series Outsiders.", "Q119475": "Peter Zec (born 1956) is a German design consultant as well as author and publisher. Furthermore, he is president (2005\u20132007) of the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (Icsid), the global organisation that promotes better design around the world, and initiator of the Red Dot Design Award. In October 2006, the German business magazine \u201cWirtschaftswoche\u201d elected him one of the \u201c20 creative unconventional thinkers changing the appearance of their companies and creating completely new markets\u201d.", "Q450296": "Dee D. Jackson (born Deirdre Elaine Cozier, 15 July 1954, Oxford, England) is an English singer and musician. In the 1970s, she worked as a film producer in Munich, Germany, before moving into music, working with Giorgio Moroder and Keith Forsey.", "Q235899": "Andre Alice Norton (born Alice Mary Norton, February 17, 1912 \u2013 March 17, 2005) was an American writer of science fiction and fantasy, who also wrote works of historical fiction and contemporary fiction. She wrote primarily under the pen name Andre Norton, but also under Andrew North and Allen Weston. She was the first woman to be Gandalf Grand Master of Fantasy, to be SFWA Grand Master, and to be inducted by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame.", "Q533719": "Emilian Bratu (8 August 1904 \u2013 31 March 1991) was a Romanian chemical engineer, founder of chemical engineering education in Romania. With the Austrian physical chemist Otto Redlich he studied the dissociation constant of heavy water.", "Q1230528": "Giovanni Poleni (b. Venice, around 1683; d. Padua, Nov., 1761) was a Marquess, physicist, mathematician and antiquarian.\nHe was the son of Marquess Jacopo Poleni and studied the classics, philosophy, theology, mathematics, and physics at the School of the Padri Somaschi, Venice. He was appointed, at the age of twenty-five, professor of astronomy at Padua. In 1715 he was assigned to the chair of physics, and in 1719 he succeeded Nicholas II Bernoulli as professor of mathematics. As an expert in hydraulic engineering he was charged by the Venetian Senate with the care of the waters of lower Lombardy and with the constructions necessary to prevent floods. He was also repeatedly called in to decide cases between sovereigns whose states were bordered by waterways.\nPoleni was the first to build a calculator that used a pinwheel design. Made of wood, his calculating clock was built in 1709; he destroyed it after hearing that Antonius Braun had received 10,000 Guldens for dedicating a pinwheel machine of his own design to the emperor Charles VI of Vienna. Poleni described his machine in his Miscellanea in 1709, but it was also described by Jacob Leupold in his Theatrum Machinarum Generale (\"The General Theory of Machines\") which was published in 1727. In 1729, he also built a tractional device that enabled logarithmic functions to be drawn.\nPoleni's observations on the impact of falling weights (similar to Willem 's Gravesande's) led to a controversy with Samuel Clarke and other Newtonians that became a part of the so-called \"vis viva dispute\" in the history of classical mechanics.His knowledge of architecture caused Benedict XIV to call him to Rome in 1748 to examine the cupola of St. Peter's, which was rapidly disintegrating. \nAs part of the structural investigation of the dome he used a correctly loaded hanging chain to determine its funicular shape. He promptly indicated the repairs necessary. He also wrote a number of antiquarian dissertations. In 1710 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, in 1739 the French Academy of Sciences made him a member and later the societies of Berlin and St. Petersburg did the same. The city of Padua elected him as magistrate, and after his death erected his statue by Canova. Venice also honoured him by striking a medal.\nHe married Orsola Roberti of Bassano della Grappa.\n\n", "Q273614": "Soraya Raquel Lamilla Cuevas (March 11, 1969 \u2013 May 10, 2006) was a Colombian-American singer/songwriter, guitarist, arranger and record producer.\nA successful Colombian music star, she had two number-one songs on Billboard's Latin Pop Airplay charts. She won a 2004 Latin Grammy Award for \"Best Album by Songwriter\" for the self-titled album Soraya , which she produced, and received a 2005 Latin Grammy Award nomination for \"Female Pop Vocal Album\" for her album El Otro Lado de Mi (literally \"The Other Side of Me\"). She was the opening act for the 2005 Billboard Latin Music Awards. Her career spanned ten years, and she recorded five albums.\nSoraya died on May 10, 2006 following a long struggle against breast cancer.", "Q775938": "Moses Barrett III (born July 22, 1973), known by the stage name Petey Pablo, is an American rapper from Snow Hill, North Carolina.", "Q20665028": "Detective fiction is a subgenre of crime fiction and mystery fiction in which an investigator or a detective\u2014either professional, amateur or retired\u2014investigates a crime, often murder. The detective genre began around the same time as speculative fiction and other genre fiction in the mid-nineteenth century and has remained extremely popular, particularly in novels. Some of the most famous heroes of detective fiction include C. Auguste Dupin, Sherlock Holmes, and Hercule Poirot. Juvenile stories featuring The Hardy Boys, Nancy Drew, and The Boxcar Children have also remained in print for several decades.", "Q159051": "Alfred, most commonly (but not originally) named in full as Alfred Thaddeus Crane Pennyworth, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, most commonly in association with the superhero Batman.Pennyworth is depicted as Bruce Wayne's loyal and tireless butler, housekeeper, legal guardian, best friend, aide-de-camp, and surrogate father figure following the murders of Thomas and Martha Wayne. As a classically trained British actor and an ex-Special Operations Executive operative of honor and ethics with connections within the intelligence community, he has been called \"Batman's batman\". He serves as Bruce's moral anchor while providing comic relief with his sarcastic and cynical attitude which often adds humor to dialogue with Batman. A vital part of the Batman mythos, Alfred was nominated for the Wizard Fan Award for Favorite Supporting Male Character in 1994.In non-comics media, the character has been portrayed by noted actors William Austin, Eric Wilton, Michael Gough, Michael Caine, Jeremy Irons, Douglas Hodge on film and by Alan Napier, Efrem Zimbalist Jr., Ian Abercrombie, David McCallum, and Sean Pertwee on television. Ralph Fiennes voiced Alfred in two animated films. A young version of Alfred, played by Jack Bannon, depicts him before he became the butler to the Wayne family in the television series Pennyworth. The character will be played by Andy Serkis in the 2021 DC Extended Universe film The Batman.", "Q46821": "Numerian (Latin: Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus Augustus; died 20 November 284) was Roman Emperor from 283 to 284 with his older brother Carinus. They were sons of Carus, a general raised to the office of praetorian prefect under Emperor Probus in 282.", "Q945574": "The Conseil de l'Entente (\"Council of Accord\" or \"Council of Understanding\") is a West African regional co-operation forum established in May 1959 by Ivory Coast, Niger, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) and Dahomey (now Benin), and joined in 1966 by Togo.\nThe body grew out of the short-lived Sahel-Benin Union, itself created by the four original Council members as a partial successor to the dissolved French regional colonial federation of French West Africa.\nSince 1966 the Council has possessed a permanent administrative Secretariat based in Abidjan, the largest city of Ivory Coast. A Mutual Aid and Loan Guarantee Fund exists to assist poorer members from a common pool.", "Q363375": "Publilius Syrus (fl. 85\u201343 BC), was a Latin writer, best known for his sententiae. He was a Syrian who was brought as a slave to Roman Italy. By his wit and talent, Syrus won the favour of his master, who granted him manumission and educated him. He became a member of the Publilia gens. Publilius' name, due to the palatalization of 'l' between two 'i's in the Early Middle Ages, is often presented by manuscripts (and some printed editions) in corrupt form as 'Publius'. Publius being a very common Roman praenomen.", "Q216098": "Eva Figes (; 15 April 1932 \u2013 28 August 2012) was an English author and feminist. Figes wrote novels, literary criticism, studies of feminism, and vivid memoirs relating to her Berlin childhood and later experiences as a Jewish refugee from Hitler's Germany.", "Q1460144": "Gouverneur Kemble Warren (January 8, 1830 \u2013 August 8, 1882) was an American civil engineer and Union Army general during the American Civil War. He is best remembered for arranging the last-minute defense of Little Round Top during the Battle of Gettysburg and is often referred to as the \"Hero of Little Round Top.\" His subsequent service as a corps commander and his remaining military career were ruined during the Battle of Five Forks, when he was relieved of command of the V Corps by Philip Sheridan, who claimed that Warren had moved too slowly.", "Q77424": "Jakob Heinrich von Flemming (3 March 1667 \u2013 30 April 1728) was a Saxon count, military officer and politician. He was born in Hoff, Prussian Province of Pomerania to a noble family. He completed his law studies in 1688, after which he entered service with Brandenburg. He attained the rank of general in 1705 and Generalfeldmarschall in 1711.\nHe was appointed ambassador to Warsaw by elector Frederick Augustus of Saxony, who aspired to the throne of Poland\u2013Lithuania which had been vacant since the death of Jan III Sobieski in 1696. By causing competition between the other aspirants, Flemming was able to secure the election of the elector as Augustus II of Poland\u2013Lithuania.\nFlemming participated in the Livonian campaign of the Great Northern War. His troops captured the fort D\u00fcna fort at Riga from the Swedes in 1700, renaming it \"Augustenburg\" (\"August's fort\"), but the Swedes defeated the allied Russian-Saxon army at the crossing of the Daugava in 1701. During the Battle of Klisz\u00f3w in 1702 he was severely wounded.\nIn 1705 August made him general of the cavalry and Minister of War. At the Treaty of Altranst\u00e4dt in 1706, Charles XII demanded of the deposed August the extradition of Flemming, arguing that he had estates in Swedish Pomerania and was therefore a Swedish citizen subject to Swedish law. Flemming relieved his Elector from this predicament by leaving for Prussia. When the Swedes left Poland in 1708 for their disastrous campaign in Russia (ending with the defeat at Poltava), the re-crowned August installed Flemming in the governor's residence in Dresden.\nIn 1711 Flemming became Generalfeldmarschall and led the Saxon troops in Northern Germany against the Swedes led by Magnus Stenbock. He participated in the sieges of Stralsund and T\u00f6nning, and led the Saxon troops in the Battle of Gadebusch in 1712.\nAfter the victorious end of fighting in northern Germany in 1715, Flemming led the Saxon troops to Poland, supporting Augustus against the Tarnogr\u00f3d Confederation.", "Q748307": "The Lyc\u00e9e Charlemagne is located in the Marais quarter of the 4th arrondissement of Paris, the capital city of France.\nConstructed many centuries before it became a lyc\u00e9e, the building originally served as the home of the Order of the Jesuits. The lyc\u00e9e itself was founded by Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte and celebrated its bicentennial in 2004.\nThe lyc\u00e9e is directly connected to the Coll\u00e8ge Charlemagne (formerly known as le petit lyc\u00e9e) which is located directly across from it, on the Rue Charlemagne.\nAlso the lyc\u00e9e offers two-year courses preparing students for entry to the Grandes \u00e9coles, divided into seven classes:\n\nthree first-year classes:\ntwo of mathematics, physics, and engineering science\none of physics, chemistry, and engineering science\nfour second-year classes:\ntwo of mathematics and physics\ntwo of physics and chemistry.", "Q229268": "Patricia Davies Clarkson (born December 29, 1959) is an American actress. She has starred in numerous leading and supporting roles in a variety of films, ranging from independent features to major studio productions. Her accolades include one Academy Award nomination, one Golden Globe Award, four Screen Actors Guild Award nominations, one Tony Award nomination, two Primetime Emmy Awards, two National Society of Film Critics Awards, and one British Independent Film Award.\nBorn and raised in New Orleans to a politician mother and school administrator father, Clarkson earned a degree in drama from Fordham University before attending the Yale School of Drama, where she graduated with a Master of Fine Arts degree. She made her feature film debut in Brian De Palma's mob drama The Untouchables (1987), followed by a supporting role in Clint Eastwood's The Dead Pool (1988). After appearing in numerous minor roles in the early and mid-1990s, she garnered critical attention for her portrayal of a drug-addicted actress in the independent drama High Art (1998). Clarkson went on to appear in numerous supporting roles in such films as The Green Mile (1999), The Pledge (2001), and Dogville (2003).\nShe garnered further critical acclaim in 2003 for her performances in the drama films The Station Agent, which earned her a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination, and Pieces of April, for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Clarkson also appeared as a recurring guest star on the HBO series Six Feet Under from 2002 to 2006, and won two Primetime Emmy Awards for her performance. Other credits from the 2000s include Good Night, and Good Luck (2005), Lars and the Real Girl (2007), and Elegy (2008).\nIn 2010, Clarkson had a supporting role in Martin Scorsese's thriller Shutter Island, followed by roles in the mainstream comedies Easy A (2010) and Friends with Benefits. She subsequently portrayed the villainous Ava Paige in The Maze Runner (2014) and its two sequels. She returned to theater in 2014, playing the role of Madge Kendal in a Broadway production of The Elephant Man, for which she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress. In 2017, she won a British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Sally Potter's drama The Party, and guest-starred on the Netflix series House of Cards. She co-starred with Amy Adams on the HBO miniseries Sharp Objects in 2018, for which she won a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film.", "Q67637": "Konrad Wolf (20 October 1925 \u2013 7 March 1982) was an East German film director. He was the son of writer, doctor and diplomat Friedrich Wolf, and the younger brother of Stasi spymaster Markus Wolf.", "Q269894": "Kimberly Jan Dickens (born June 18, 1965) is an American actress. Her film debut was a supporting role in the 1995 comedy film Palookaville. Dickens had lead roles in the films Truth or Consequences, N.M. (1997), Zero Effect, and Mercury Rising (both 1998). She had several supporting roles in films, such as Hollow Man (2000), House of Sand and Fog (2003), The Blind Side (2009), Gone Girl (2014), and Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (2016).\nOn television, Dickens had regular roles in the drama series Deadwood (2004\u20132006; 2019), Treme (2010\u20132013), and House of Cards (2015\u20132017). She starred as Madison Clark on the AMC horror drama series Fear the Walking Dead (2015\u20132018).", "Q372278": "Nuno Duarte Gil Mendes Bettencourt (born September 20, 1966) is a Portuguese-American guitarist, singer-songwriter, and record producer. He became known as the lead guitarist of the Boston rock band Extreme. He has also recorded a solo album as well as having founded bands including Mourning Widows, Population 1, DramaGods, The Satellite Party (headed by Jane's Addiction's then-former frontman and Lollapalooza co-founder Perry Farrell). In 2007 he also reunited with Extreme to record new music and tour.", "Q230739": "Katherine Anne Couric ( KURR-ik; born January 7, 1957) is an American television personality, journalist, and author. From 2013 to 2017, she was Yahoo's Global News Anchor. Couric has been a television host on all Big Three television networks in the United States, and in her early career she was an Assignment Editor for CNN. She worked for NBC News from 1989 to 2006, CBS News from 2006 to 2011, and ABC News from 2011 to 2014.\nIn addition to her television news roles, she hosted Katie, a syndicated daytime talk show produced by Disney\u2013ABC Domestic Television from September 10, 2012, to June 9, 2014. Some of her most important notable roles include co-host of Today, anchor of the CBS Evening News, and correspondent for 60 Minutes. She also reported for nearly every television news broadcast across ABC, CBS, and NBC. Couric's 2011 book, The Best Advice I Ever Got: Lessons from Extraordinary Lives, was a New York Times best-seller. In 2004, Couric was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame.", "Q707410": "Milton French-Stewart (born February 20, 1964), known professionally as French Stewart, is an American actor, known for his role as Harry Solomon on the 1990s sitcom 3rd Rock from the Sun and for his role as Chef Rudy on the sitcom Mom.", "Q190251": "Richard William Wright (28 July 1943 \u2013 15 September 2008) was an English musician, composer, singer, and songwriter. He was a founding member, keyboardist, and vocalist of the progressive rock band Pink Floyd, performing on all but one of the group's albums including The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here and The Division Bell, and playing on all of their tours.Wright grew up in Hatch End, Middlesex and met future Pink Floyd bandmates Roger Waters and Nick Mason while studying architecture at the Regent Street Polytechnic. After being joined by frontman and songwriter Syd Barrett, the group found commercial success in 1967 before Barrett's instability led to him being replaced by David Gilmour and Wright taking over songwriting duties with Waters. Initially a straightforward singer/songwriter, Wright later acted as an arranger to Waters and Gilmour's compositions. He began to contribute less towards the end of the 1970s and left the band after touring The Wall in 1981. He rejoined the band as a session player in 1987 for A Momentary Lapse of Reason, and became a full-time member again for The Division Bell in 1994. Sessions with Wright during this period were later released on the album The Endless River. Away from Pink Floyd, Wright recorded two solo albums, including a collaboration with Anthony Moore on Broken China, and briefly formed the duo Zee. After rejoining Waters, Mason and Gilmour as Pink Floyd for Live 8 in 2005, he became part of Gilmour's regular solo touring band, singing occasional lead on songs such as \"Arnold Layne\", before his death in September 2008.\nOvershadowed by bandmates Barrett, Waters and Gilmour, Wright was the quietest and most reserved member of Pink Floyd. His contributions have sometimes been overlooked, but his death brought a reappraisal and recognition of his talents. His jazz and improvisation influences and keyboard performances were an important part of the Pink Floyd sound. As well as being a prominent player of the Farfisa and Hammond organs and the Kurzweil synthesizer, Wright sang regularly in the band and occasionally took the lead vocal on Pink Floyd songs such as \"Time\", \"Remember a Day\" and \"Wearing the Inside Out\".", "Q66529": "Ramlinsburg is a municipality in the district of Liestal in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q294931": "William Randolph Hearst Sr. (; April 29, 1863 \u2013 August 14, 1951) was an American businessman, newspaper publisher, and politician known for developing the nation's largest newspaper chain and media company, Hearst Communications. His flamboyant methods of yellow journalism influenced the nation's popular media by emphasizing sensationalism and human interest stories. Hearst entered the publishing business in 1887 with Mitchell Trubitt after being given control of The San Francisco Examiner by his wealthy father.\nMoving to New York City, Hearst acquired the New York Journal and fought a bitter circulation war with Joseph Pulitzer's New York World. Hearst sold papers by printing giant headlines over lurid stories featuring crime, corruption, sex, and innuendo. Acquiring more newspapers, Hearst created a chain that numbered nearly 30 papers in major American cities at its peak. He later expanded to magazines, creating the largest newspaper and magazine business in the world. Hearst controlled the editorial positions and coverage of political news in all his papers and magazines, and thereby often published his personal views. He sensationalized Spanish atrocities in Cuba while calling for war in 1898 against Spain. Historians reject his claims that he started the war with Spain.\nHe was twice elected as a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives. He ran unsuccessfully for President of the United States in 1904, Mayor of New York City in 1905 and 1909, and for Governor of New York in 1906. During his political career, he espoused views generally associated with the left wing of the Progressive Movement, claiming to speak on behalf of the working class.\nAfter 1918 and the end of World War I, Hearst gradually began adopting more conservative views, and started promoting an isolationist foreign policy to avoid any more entanglement in what he regarded as corrupt European affairs. He was at once a militant nationalist, a fierce anti-communist after the Russian Revolution, and deeply suspicious of the League of Nations and of the British, French, Japanese, and Russians. He was a leading supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932\u201334, but then broke with FDR and became his most prominent enemy on the right. Hearst's empire reached a peak circulation of 20 million readers a day in the mid-1930s. He was a bad manager of finances and so deeply in debt during the Great Depression that most of his assets had to be liquidated in the late 1930s. Hearst managed to keep his newspapers and magazines.\nHis life story was the main inspiration for Charles Foster Kane, the lead character in Orson Welles's film Citizen Kane (1941). His Hearst Castle, constructed on a hill overlooking the Pacific Ocean near San Simeon, has been preserved as a State Historical Monument and is designated as a National Historic Landmark.", "Q749019": "Morcheeba is an English electronic band formed in the mid-1990s with founding members vocalist Skye Edwards and the brothers Paul and Ross Godfrey. They mix influences from trip hop, rock, folk rock and downtempo, and have produced nine regular studio albums since 1995, two of which reached the UK top ten. Edwards left the band in 2003, after which the brothers used a number of singers before she rejoined in 2009. They recruit additional members for their live performances and have toured internationally. In 2014 Paul Godfrey resigned from the band. Edwards and Ross Godfrey later formed Skye | Ross and released a self-titled album in September 2016. Their latest studio album as Morcheeba, Blaze Away, was released in June 2018.", "Q237056": "Lydia Emilie Florence Jannsen, (24 December [O.S. 12 December] 1843 \u2013 11 August [O.S. 30 July] 1886), known by her pen name Lydia Koidula, was an Estonian poet. Her sobriquet means 'Lydia of the Dawn' in Estonian. It was given to her by the writer Carl Robert Jakobson. She is also frequently referred to as Koidulaulik \u2013 'Singer of the Dawn'.\nIn Estonia, like elsewhere in Europe, writing was not considered a suitable career for a respectable young lady in the mid-nineteenth-century. Koidula's poetry and her newspaper work for her populist father, Johann Voldemar Jannsen (1819\u20131890) remained anonymous. In spite of this, she was a major literary figure, the founder of Estonian theatre, and closely allied to Carl Robert Jakobson (1841\u20131882), the influential radical and Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald (1803\u20131882), writer of the Estonian national epic, Kalevipoeg (The Son of Kalev).", "Q61520": "August Hirt (28 April 1898 \u2013 2 June 1945) was an anatomist with Swiss and German nationality who served as a chairman at the Reich University in Strasbourg during World War II. He performed experiments with mustard gas on inmates at the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp and played a lead role in the murders of 86 people at Natzweiler-Struthof for the Jewish skeleton collection. The skeletons of his victims were meant to become specimens at the Institute of anatomy in Strasbourg, but completion of the project was stopped by the progress of the war. He was an SS-Hauptsturmf\u00fchrer (captain) and in 1944, an SS-Sturmbannf\u00fchrer (major).", "Q1378544": "Ivan Alekseyevich Vyshnegradsky (1 January 1832 \u2013 6 April 1895) was the Russian Finance minister from 1887\u20131892.", "Q304488": "The Grifters is a 1990 American neo-noir crime drama film directed by Stephen Frears, produced by Martin Scorsese, and starring John Cusack, Anjelica Huston and Annette Bening. The screenplay was written by Donald E. Westlake, based on Jim Thompson's novel of the same name.\n\n", "Q324980": "Naoki Yamamoto (\u5c71\u672c \u76f4\u6a39, Yamamoto Naoki) is a male Japanese manga artist. In his early years, he also used pen names T\u014d Moriyama (\u68ee\u5c71 \u5854, Moriyama T\u014d) and Mori T\u014dyama (\u5854\u5c71 \u68ee, T\u014dyama Mori) for his earlier adult-oriented works. He was born in Matsumae District, Fukushima, Hokkaido and graduated from Waseda University's Department of Literature.", "Q1470431": "The Institut Catholique de Paris (ICP), known in English as the Catholic University of Paris (and in Latin as Universitas catholica Parisiensis), is a private university located in Paris, France.", "Q191": "Estonia (Estonian: Eesti [\u02c8e\u02d0s\u02b2ti] (listen)), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik), is a country on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland with Finland on the other side, to the west by the Baltic Sea with Sweden on the other side, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland and of 2,222 islands in the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of 45,227 km2 (17,462 sq mi), water 2,839 km2 (1,096 sq mi), land area 42,388 km2 (16,366 sq mi), and is influenced by a humid continental climate. The official language of the country, Estonian, is the second-most-spoken Finnic language.\nThe territory of Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BC. Ancient Estonians became some of the last European pagans to adopt Christianity \u2013 following the Livonian Crusade in the 13th century. After centuries of successive rule by Germans, Danes, Swedes, Poles and Russians, a distinct Estonian national identity began to emerge in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This culminated in independence from Russia in 1920 after a brief War of Independence at the end of World War I. Initially democratic prior to the Great Depression, Estonia experienced authoritarian rule from 1934 during the Era of Silence. During World War II (1939\u20131945), Estonia was repeatedly contested and occupied by the Soviet Union and Germany, ultimately being incorporated into the former. After the loss of its de facto independence, Estonia's de jure state continuity was preserved by diplomatic representatives and the government-in-exile. In 1987 the peaceful Singing Revolution began against Soviet rule, resulting in the restoration of de facto independence on 20 August 1991.\nThe sovereign state of Estonia is a democratic unitary parliamentary republic divided into fifteen counties. Its capital and largest city is Tallinn. With a population of 1.3 million Estonia is one of the least populous members of the European Union, the Eurozone, the OECD, the Schengen Area, NATO, and from 2020, the United Nations Security Council.Estonia is a developed country with an advanced, high-income economy that has been among the fastest-growing in the EU. The country ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and compares well in measures of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and press freedom. Estonian citizens receive universal health care, free education, and the longest paid maternity leave in the OECD. One of the world's most digitally-advanced societies,\nin 2005 Estonia became the first state to hold elections over the Internet, and in 2014, the first state to provide e-residency.", "Q67151": "Termen is a municipality in the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.", "Q688651": "Armitage III (\u30a2\u30df\u30c6\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u30b6\u30fb\u30b5\u30fc\u30c9, Amit\u0113ji Za S\u0101do) is a 1995 cyberpunk original video animation series. It centers on Naomi Armitage, a highly advanced \"Type-III\" android. In 1996, the series was edited into a film called Armitage: Poly-Matrix (\u30a2\u30df\u30c6\u30fc\u30b8 POLY-MATRIX\uff08\u30dd\u30ea\u30de\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\uff09, Amit\u0113ji Pori Matorikkusu).\nThe series was followed up in 2002 with a sequel, Armitage: Dual-Matrix (\u30a2\u30df\u30c6\u30fc\u30b8 DUAL-MATRIX\uff08\u30c7\u30e5\u30fc\u30a2\u30eb\u30de\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\uff09, Amit\u0113ji Dy\u016baru Matorikkusu) set some years after the original story.", "Q173874": "Danielle Marie-Madeleine Jorre de St Jorre (1943\u20131997) was a Seychelles politician. She was the foreign minister of Seychelles under President France-Albert Ren\u00e9 from 1989 until her death in 1997. Danielle de St Jorre was a teacher by profession and also a linguist. She was known as a pioneer in the promotion of Creole language. Her passion and determination to ensure the development of Seychellois Creole was known in the Indian Ocean island nation.\nDanielle de St Jorre was Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Environment and Tourism of the Republic of Seychelles and a member of International Ocean Institute Governing Board.In 2015, the United Nations on October 28, set aside International Creole Day. Danielle de St Jorre was recognised for her work to get the Creole language and culture where it is today. Creole is one of the three official languages of Seychelles. Seychelles was colonised by the French and British at different times, Seychelles eventually adopted French and English along with Creole as the three official languages. She was instrumental in the development of Seychelles Kreol and helped to develop partnership with people from the Creole-speaking world. She organised a Creole week in 1982.", "Q314843": "Louis Begley (born October 6, 1933) is a Polish-born Jewish American novelist. He is best known for writing the semi-autobiographical Holocaust novel Wartime Lies (1991) and the Schmidt trilogy: About Schmidt (1996), Schmidt Delivered (2000) and Schmidt Steps Back (2012).\n\n", "Q31317": "Michael Shawn Hickenbottom (born July 22, 1965), better known by his ring name Shawn Michaels, is an American retired professional wrestler, actor, and television presenter. Regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers in history, he is known by the nicknames \"Heartbreak Kid\" and \"Mr. WrestleMania\".\nMichaels wrestled consistently for WWE, formerly the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), from 1988 until a back injury forced his first retirement in 1998. He performed in non-wrestling roles for the next two years and returned to the ring for a match in his own Texas Wrestling Academy (TWA) in 2000. Michaels resumed his wrestling career with WWE in 2002 and retired ceremoniously in 2010, before being assigned as a trainer in 2016. He returned for a final match in 2018.\nIn the WWF/WWE, Michaels headlined pay-per-view events between 1989 and 2018, closing the company's flagship annual event, WrestleMania, five times. He was the co-founder and original leader of the successful stable, D-Generation X. Michaels also wrestled in the American Wrestling Association (AWA), where he founded The Midnight Rockers with Marty Jannetty in 1985. After winning the AWA World Tag Team Championship twice, the team continued to the WWF as The Rockers and had a high-profile breakup in January 1992. Within the year, Michaels twice challenged for the WWF Championship and won his first Intercontinental Championship, heralding his arrival as one of the industry's premier singles stars.\nMichaels is a four-time world champion, having held the WWF Championship three times and WWE's World Heavyweight Championship once. He is also a two-time Royal Rumble winner (and the first man to win the match as the number one entrant), the first WWF Grand Slam Champion and the fourth WWF Triple Crown Champion, as well as a two time WWE Hall of Fame (2011 as singles wrestler and 2019 as part of D-Generation X). Michaels won the Pro Wrestling Illustrated \"Match of the Year\" reader vote a record eleven times, and his match against John Cena on April 23, 2007, was ranked by WWE as the best match ever aired on the company's flagship Raw program.", "Q77342": "Hardy Kr\u00fcger (born Franz Eberhard August Kr\u00fcger; 12 April 1928) is a German actor, who appeared in more than 60 films since 1944. Very popular in his own country, Kr\u00fcger is also known for his appearances in international films like Hatari!, The Wild Geese, Sundays and Cybele, The Flight of the Phoenix, The Battle of Neretva, The Secret of Santa Vittoria, The Red Tent and Barry Lyndon.", "Q96816": "Albert Carl Grzesinski (28 July 1879 \u2013 12 January 1948) was a German SPD politician and Minister of the Interior of Prussia from 1926 to 1930.", "Q348696": "Walter \"Clyde\" Frazier (born March 29, 1945) is an American former basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA). As their floor general and top perimeter defender, he led the New York Knicks to the franchise's only two championships (1970 and 1973), and was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1987. Upon his retirement from basketball, Frazier went into broadcasting; he is currently a color commentator for telecasts of Knicks games on the MSG Network.", "Q562556": "Ren\u00e9 Barjavel (24 January 1911 \u2013 24 November 1985) was a French author, journalist and critic who may have been the first to think of the grandfather paradox in time travel. He was born in Nyons, a town in the Dr\u00f4me department in southeastern France. He is best known as a science fiction author, whose work often involved the fall of civilisation due to technocratic hubris and the madness of war, but who also favoured themes emphasising the durability of love.\nRen\u00e9 Barjavel wrote several novels with these themes, such as Ravage (translated as Ashes, ashes), Le Grand Secret, La Nuit des temps (translated as The Ice People), and Une rose au paradis. His writing is poetic, dreamy and sometimes philosophical. Some of his works have their roots in an empirical and poetic questioning of the existence of God (notably La Faim du tigre). He was also interested in the environmental heritage which we leave to future generations. Whilst his works are rarely taught in French schools, his books are very popular in France.\nBarjavel wrote Le Voyageur imprudent (1943), the first novel to present the famous Grandfather paradox of time travel: if one goes backwards in time and kills one of their ancestors before he had children, the traveller cannot exist and therefore cannot kill the ancestor.\nBarjavel died in 1985 and was buried with his ancestors in Tarendol (commune) cemetery, opposite Mount Ventoux in Provence. He used these place names in his books; Mount Ventoux appears as the site of the space base in Colomb de la lune, for example, and Tarendol is the name of the hero in the eponymous novel.", "Q64458": "Augustus Alexandria Chapman (March 9, 1805 \u2013 June 7, 1876) was a 19th-century politician and lawyer from Virginia.\n\n", "Q2059704": "A television director is in charge of the activities involved in making a television program or section of a program. They are generally responsible for decisions about the editorial content and creative style of a program, and ensuring the producer's vision is delivered. Their duties may include originating program ideas, finding contributors, writing scripts, planning 'shoots', ensuring safety, leading the crew on location, directing contributors and presenters, and working with an editor to assemble the final product. The work of a television director can vary widely depending on the nature of the program, the practices of the production company, whether the program content is factual or drama, and whether it is live or recorded.", "Q35171": "Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 \u2013 June 24, 1908) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (1885\u20131889 and 1893\u20131897). He won the popular vote for three presidential elections\u2014in 1884, 1888, and 1892\u2014and was one of two Democrats (with Woodrow Wilson) to be elected president during the era of Republican political domination dating from 1861 to 1933.\nBorn to a Presbyterian minister, Cleveland grew up in upstate New York. In 1881, he was elected Mayor of Buffalo and later, governor of New York. Cleveland was the leader of the pro-business Bourbon Democrats who opposed high tariffs; Free Silver; inflation; imperialism; and subsidies to business, farmers, or veterans. His crusade for political reform and fiscal conservatism made him an icon for American conservatives of the era. Cleveland won praise for his honesty, self-reliance, integrity, and commitment to the principles of classical liberalism. He fought political corruption, patronage, and bossism. As a reformer, Cleveland had such prestige that the like-minded wing of the Republican Party, called \"Mugwumps\", largely bolted the GOP presidential ticket and swung to his support in the 1884 election.As his second administration began, disaster hit the nation when the Panic of 1893 produced a severe national depression, which Cleveland was unable to reverse. It ruined his Democratic Party, opening the way for a Republican landslide in 1894 and for the agrarian and silverite seizure of the Democratic Party in 1896. The result was a political realignment that ended the Third Party System and launched the Fourth Party System and the Progressive Era.Cleveland was a formidable policymaker, and he also drew corresponding criticism. His intervention in the Pullman Strike of 1894 to keep the railroads moving angered labor unions nationwide in addition to the party in Illinois; his support of the gold standard and opposition to Free Silver alienated the agrarian wing of the Democratic Party. Critics complained that Cleveland had little imagination and seemed overwhelmed by the nation's economic disasters\u2014depressions and strikes\u2014in his second term. Even so, his reputation for probity and good character survived the troubles of his second term. Biographer Allan Nevins wrote, \"[I]n Grover Cleveland, the greatness lies in typical rather than unusual qualities. He had no endowments that thousands of men do not have. He possessed honesty, courage, firmness, independence, and common sense. But he possessed them to a degree other men do not.\" By the end of his second term, public perception showed him to be one of the most unpopular U.S. presidents, and he was by then rejected even by most Democrats. Today, Cleveland is considered by most historians to have been a successful leader, generally ranked among the upper-mid tier of American presidents.\n\n", "Q469371": "Henry Judah Heimlich (German pronunciation: [ha\u026a\u032fml\u026a\u00e7]; February 3, 1920 \u2013 December 17, 2016) was an American thoracic surgeon and medical researcher. He is widely credited as the inventor of the Heimlich maneuver, a technique of abdominal thrusts for stopping choking, described in Emergency Medicine in 1974. He also invented the Micro Trach portable oxygen system for ambulatory patients and the Heimlich Chest Drain Valve, or \"flutter valve\", which drains blood and air out of the chest cavity.", "Q74893": "Friedrich Ludwig Weidig (15 February 1791 - 23 February 1837) was a German Protestant theologian, pastor, activist, teacher and journalist. Initially working as a teacher in Butzbach, he then spent a short time as a pastor in Ober-Gleen, a district of Gie\u00dfen. In what is now Hesse and the Middle Rhine, he was one of the main figures of the Vorm\u00e4rz and a pioneer of the 1848 Revolution.", "Q394925": "Patrick Allen Lowe FREng (born 8 April 1962), known as Paddy Lowe, is a British motor racing engineer. He served as the chief technical officer at Williams Racing, and previously as the executive director (technical) of the Mercedes Formula One team. Lowe has not been without controversy, when he was personally fined 150,000 Euros for his involvement in the 2007 Formula One espionage controversy, which centred around the theft of 780 pages of confidential Ferrari documents.", "Q296698": "Costa-Gavras (short for Konstantinos Gavras; Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03b1\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2; born 12 February 1933) is a Greek-French film director and producer who lives and works in France. He is known for films with overt political themes, such as the political thrillers Z (1969, Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film) and Missing (1982), for which he won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Most of his movies have been made in French; however, six of them were made in the English language: Missing (1982), Hanna K. (1983), Betrayed (1988), Music Box (1989), Mad City (1997), and Amen. (2002). The majority of Gavras' films are produced by the director himself, through his production company K.G. Productions.", "Q1217829": "The Old Lady and the Pigeons (French: La vieille dame et les pigeons) is a 1997 animated short film written and directed by Sylvain Chomet. It tells the slightly surreal story of a starving policeman who dresses up as a pigeon and tricks an old lady into feeding him. The film was produced through the French company Les Armateurs with support from companies in Canada, Belgium and the United Kingdom. It was Chomet's debut film and won several awards including the Grand Prix at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival.", "Q610178": "Hideki Konno (\u7d3a\u91ce \u79c0\u6a39, Konno Hideki) (born May 13, 1965) is a video game director and producer who works for Nintendo. He joined the company in 1986, realizing his dream after a long adoration of playing Famicom games. He was the lead producer for the Mario Kart series of games for years. In 2015, Konno began managing Nintendo's mobile projects at their Entertainment Planning & Development division.\n\n", "Q75555": "Father Sergei Mikhailovich Solovyov (October 25, 1885 in Moscow, Russian Empire \u2013 March 2, 1942 in Kazan, USSR) was a Russian poet, religious philosopher and an Orthodox (later Greek Catholic) priest. Solovyov was a grandson of the historian Sergey Solovyov, a nephew of the poet and philosopher Vladimir Solovyov, second cousin of Alexander Blok, and a friend of Andrei Bely.", "Q223745": "Guy Edward Pearce (born 5 October 1967) is a British-Australian actor, musician, singer and songwriter. He is known for having starred in the role of Mike Young in the Australian television series Neighbours and for appearing in films such as The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (1994), L.A. Confidential (1997), Ravenous (1999), Memento (2000), The Count of Monte Cristo (2002), The Time Machine (2002), The Road (2009), The King's Speech (2010), 33 Postcards (2011), Prometheus (2012), and Iron Man 3 (2013). In Australian cinema, he has appeared in The Proposition (2005), Animal Kingdom (2010), The Rover (2014), Holding the Man (2015) and The Wizards of Aus (2016). He has won a Primetime Emmy Award and received nominations for Golden Globe Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards, and AACTA Awards. Since 2012, he has played the title role in the TV adaptations of the Jack Irish stories by Australian crime writer Peter Temple.\n\n", "Q426466": "Skippy is a 1931 American Pre-Code comedy film. The screenplay by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, Don Marquis, Norman Z. McLeod, and Sam Mintz was based on the comic strip Skippy by Percy Crosby.\nThe film stars Jackie Cooper, Robert Coogan, Mitzi Green and Jackie Searl. Director Norman Taurog won the Academy Award for Best Director (at age 32, he remained the youngest winner in this category until Damien Chazelle won for La La Land in 2016/17). The film also did well enough to inspire a sequel called Sooky (1931). The film was released on April 5, 1931, by Paramount Pictures. For his performance, Cooper, at the age of nine, also became the youngest person to earn an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor in a Leading Role. The film was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.", "Q90320": "Amalie Seidel (21 February 1876 in Vienna \u2013 11 May 1952) was an Austrian politician (Social Democrat) and feminist. She was one of the first of her gender in the Austrian parliament.\nBorn Amalie Ryba, she was the daughter of a locksmith. She was active in the working movement from the 1890s, and organised the first strike of female workers in Austria. She was also active in the women's movement and an editor of the paper Libertas. In 1895 she married the engineer Richard Seidel, with whom she had two daughters, but the marriage did not last. In 1900, she became chairperson of the local women's committee and from 1902 chairperson of the national women's committee. In 1919, Seidel became one of the first eight women in the Austrian parliament, where she sat until 1934. She focused on children and health care, and especially the abuse of foster children by private foster parents, and worked closely to Julius Tandler. After the coup of 1934, she was imprisoned for one month and lost her place in the parliament. However, she used her home for illegal meetings for socialist women, and in 1942, she married the Jew Sigmund Rausnitz in order to protect him from Nazi prosecution. She was briefly imprisoned after the attempted murder on Adolf Hitler in 1944. \nHer daughter Emma married Karl Seitz, the President of the National Council and Mayor of Vienna. Emma Seitz and Amalie Seidel-Rausnitz were cremated at Feuerhalle Simmering, where also their ashes are interred.", "Q166458": "Gamal al-Banna (also: Jamal al-Banna, Arabic: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u200e; \u200e 15 December 1920 \u2013 30 January 2013) was an Egyptian author, and trade unionist. He was the youngest brother of Hassan al-Banna (1906\u201349), founder of the Muslim Brotherhood. Al-Banna was considered a liberal scholar, known for his criticism of Islamic traditional narratives rejecting 635 Hadiths of Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim which he finds contradictory to the Qur'an. He was a great-uncle of the Swiss Muslim academic and writer Tariq Ramadan.", "Q732252": "Laurence Rosenthal (born November 4, 1926) is an American composer, arranger and conductor for theater, television and film.", "Q43178": "The Galenstock (3,586 m) is the fourth highest mountain in the Urner Alps in Switzerland. Its summit ridge lies on the border between the cantons of Uri and the Valais.\nIt was first climbed by Eduard Desor, Daniel Dollfuss, Sr., and Daniel Dollfuss, Jr., with guides H. W\u00e4hren, M. Bannholzer, P. Brigger and H. Jaun on 18 August 1845.", "Q356537": "Joseph Kessel (10 February 1898 \u2013 23 July 1979) was a French journalist and novelist. He was a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise and Grand officer of the Legion of Honour.", "Q9142": "Irish (Gaeilge) is a Goidelic language of the Celtic language family, itself a branch of the Indo-European language family. Irish originated in Ireland and was historically spoken by Irish people throughout Ireland. Irish is spoken as a first language in substantial areas of counties Galway, Kerry, Cork and Donegal, smaller areas of Waterford, Mayo and Meath, and a few other locations. It is also spoken by a much larger group of habitual but non-traditional speakers across the country, mostly in urban areas where the majority are second language speakers.\nIrish has been the dominant language of the Irish people for most of their recorded history, and they took it with them to other regions, notably Scotland and the Isle of Man, where Middle Irish gave rise to Scottish Gaelic and Manx respectively. It has the oldest vernacular literature in Western Europe.\nIrish has constitutional status as the national and first official language of the Republic of Ireland and is an officially recognised minority language in Northern Ireland. It is also among the official languages of the European Union. The public body Foras na Gaeilge is responsible for the promotion of the language throughout the island of Ireland.", "Q178666": "Ilkka Olavi Suominen (born 8 April 1939 in Nakkila) is a Finnish politician from the National Coalition Party. He was President of the Nordic Council in 1992.\nHe was member of the parliament from 1970 to 1975 and from 1983 to 1994. Suominen was the chairman of the National Coalition Party 1979\u20131991 and twice the speaker of the parliament 1987 and 1991\u20131994. He held the position of minister of trade and industry in Holkeri cabinet 1987\u20131991. Suominen left parliament to become CEO of state monopoly Alko. He was elected as a member of the European Parliament (MEP) for one term 1999-2004 (EPP).\nHe was also the chairman of the Parliamentary Assembly of the OSCE 1992\u20131994.", "Q87884": "Carl Ferdinand Julius Fr\u00f6bel (16 July 1805 \u2013 7 November 1893) was a German geologist and mineralogist, journalist, and democratic revolutionary already during the Vorm\u00e4rz era. He was active in Germany, Switzerland, the United States and South America at different times in his life.", "Q458033": "Three Days of the Condor is a 1975 American political thriller film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Robert Redford, Faye Dunaway, Cliff Robertson, and Max von Sydow. The screenplay by Lorenzo Semple Jr. and David Rayfiel was based on the 1974 novel Six Days of the Condor by James Grady.Set mainly in New York City and Washington, D.C., the film is about a bookish CIA researcher who rides a Solex moped to work, comes back from lunch, discovers all his co-workers murdered, and tries to outwit those responsible until he figures out whom he can really trust. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing. Semple and Rayfiel received an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Motion Picture Screenplay.", "Q359604": "Kyle Martin Chandler (born September 17, 1965) is an American actor. Making his screen acting debut in a 1988 television film, Chandler's first regular television role was in the ABC drama Homefront (1991\u201393). This was followed by the lead role of Gary Hobson in the CBS series Early Edition (1996-2000), for which he won a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television. His other television roles include the short-lived sitcom What About Joan? (2001) and the legal drama The Lyon's Den (2003), both short-lived, and a well-received guest appearance on the medical drama Grey's Anatomy, for which Chandler received his first Primetime Emmy Award nomination.\nChandler received widespread critical acclaim for his performance as Eric Taylor in Friday Night Lights (2006\u201311); he received numerous award nominations for his portrayal of the character and won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2011 for his performance in the show's final season. Chandler's film work has included notable supporting roles in King Kong (2005), The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008), Super 8 (2011), Argo and Zero Dark Thirty (2012), The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), Carol (2015), Manchester by the Sea (2016) and Game Night and First Man (2018). Chandler's first starring role on television since the conclusion of Friday Night Lights was as Det. John Rayburn in the Netflix thriller Bloodline (2015\u201317), for which he received his tenth and eleventh Primetime Emmy Award nominations.", "Q291068": "Mary Jane McLeod Bethune (born Mary Jane McLeod; July 10, 1875 \u2013 May 18, 1955) was an American educator, stateswoman, philanthropist, humanitarian, womanist, and civil rights activist. Bethune founded the National Council for Negro Women in 1935, established the organization's flagship journal Aframerican Women's Journal, and resided as president or leader for myriad African American women's organizations including the National Association for Colored Women and the National Youth Administration's Negro Division. She also was appointed as a national adviser to president Franklin D. Roosevelt, whom she worked with to create the Federal Council on Negro Affairs, also known as the Black Cabinet. She is well known for starting a private school for African-American students in Daytona Beach, Florida; it later continued to develop as Bethune-Cookman University. Bethune was the sole African American woman officially a part of the US delegation that created the United Nations charter, and she held a leadership position for the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps. For her lifetime of activism, she was deemed \"acknowledged First Lady of Negro America\" by Ebony magazine in July 1949 and was known by the Black Press as the \"Female Booker T. Washington\". She was known as \"The First Lady of The Struggle\" because of her commitment to gain better lives for African Americans.Born in Mayesville, South Carolina, to parents who had been slaves, she started working in fields with her family at age five. She took an early interest in becoming educated; with the help of benefactors, Bethune attended college hoping to become a missionary in Africa. She started a school for African-American girls in Daytona Beach, Florida. It later merged with a private institute for African-American boys and was known as the Bethune-Cookman School. Bethune maintained high standards and promoted the school with tourists and donors, to demonstrate what educated African Americans could do. She was president of the college from 1923 to 1942, and 1946 to 1947. She was one of the few women in the world to serve as a college president at that time.\nBethune was also active in women's clubs, which were strong civic organizations supporting welfare and other needs, and became a national leader. Bethune wrote prolifically, publishing in National Notes from 1924\u20131928, Pittsburgh Courier from 1937\u20131938, Aframerican Women\u2019s Journal from 1940\u20131949, and Chicago Defender from 1948\u20131955, among others. After working on the presidential campaign for Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, she was invited as a member of his \"Black Cabinet.\" She advised him on concerns of African Americans and helped share Roosevelt's message and achievements with blacks, who had historically been Republican voters since the Civil War. At the time, blacks had been largely disenfranchised in the South since the turn of the century, so she was speaking to black voters across the North. Upon her death, columnist Louis E. Martin said, \"She gave out faith and hope as if they were pills and she some sort of doctor.\"Honors include designation of her home in Daytona Beach as a National Historic Landmark, her house in Washington, D.C. as a National Historic Site, and the installation of a memorial sculpture of her in Lincoln Park in Washington, D.C. The Legislature of Florida designated her in 2018 as the subject of one of Florida's two statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection.", "Q1238955": "Don Bowman (August 26, 1937 \u2013 June 5, 2013) was an American country music singer, songwriter, comedian, and radio host. He recorded for RCA Victor between 1964 and 1970, charting in the Top 40 with the novelty hit single \"Chit Akins, Make Me a Star\". Bowman also worked at several radio stations, including KRZK in Branson, Missouri. At this time, he was also opening the show for Moe Bandy doing Seymore Miles. \nBowman was born in Lubbock, Texas, and was the original host of the radio show American Country Countdown. He hosted the show from its inception on October 6, 1973, through April 1978, after which Bob Kingsley (who had been ACC's producer since 1974) took over as host. Also, Bowman filled in for Casey Kasem on the June 16, 1973 episode of American Top 40.\nIn 1966, Bowman won Favorite Country Comedy Recording of the Year award from Billboard. In 1967, he was named Comedian of the Year by the Country Music Association.Bowman's song \"Wildwood Weed\" later became a hit for Jim Stafford, peaking at #7 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1974.Bowman was confined to a nursing facility after a suicide attempt in which he was saved by professionals who rushed him to the hospital, only to discover he was suffering from an aneurysm which did burst. It paralyzed him causing him to be cared for in the nursing home for almost 12 years before he died of liver and pancreatic cancer on June 5, 2013, at the age of 75. He was survived by his two children.", "Q45509": "Jo Baier (born 13 February 1949) is a German film director and writer. He directed more than twenty films since 1982 and is known for Operation Valkyrie (2004), Henri 4 (2010) and Not All Were Murderers (2006). He is married to Gertrud Baier.", "Q213719": "Ferdinand Freiligrath (17 June 1810 \u2013 18 March 1876) was a German poet, translator and liberal agitator, who is considered part of the Young Germany movement.", "Q7092452": "One Arm (\u304b\u305f\u3046\u3067, kataude) is a 1964 short story by the Japanese writer and Nobel Prize winner Yasunari Kawabata. It was first translated into English by Edward Seidensticker and published as \"One Arm\" in Japan Quarterly in 1967. This short story has been considered as a main example of the current of magic realism in Japanese Literature.", "Q557472": "Samuel Paul Kershaw (born February 24, 1958) is an American country music artist. He has released 16 studio albums, with three RIAA platinum certifications and two gold certifications among them. More than 25 singles have entered Top 40 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including the number one hit \"She Don't Know She's Beautiful\" and 10 more Top 10 hits: \"Cadillac Style\", \"Anywhere but Here\", \"Haunted Heart\", \"Queen of My Double-Wide Trailer\", \"I Can't Reach Her Anymore\", \"National Working Woman's Holiday\", \"Third Rate Romance\", \"Meant to Be\", \"Vidalia\", and \"Love of My Life\".\nKershaw tried to enter politics, running as a Republican candidate for lieutenant governor of Louisiana in 2007 and 2010. In 2007 he finished third in the jungle primary, but Democrat Mitch Landrieu won strongly in the general election. In 2010 he carried more parishes than any other candidate, but placed third. He endorsed Republican Jay Dardenne, Secretary of State, for the position, who won the general election.\nKershaw has been married five times, most recently to country music star Lorrie Morgan.", "Q3873525": "The Denmark national under-19 football team was founded in 1950 as an under-18 team. In 2001, it was changed to an under-19 team.", "Q46000": "Thomas John Watson Jr. (January 14, 1914 \u2013 December 31, 1993) was an American businessman, political figure, and philanthropist. Son of IBM Corporation founder Thomas J. Watson, he was the 2nd company president (1952\u20131971), the 11th national president of the Boy Scouts of America (1964\u20131968), and the 16th United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union (1979\u20131981). He received many honors during his lifetime, including being awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. FORTUNE called him \"the greatest capitalist in history\" and TIME listed him as one of \"100 most influential people of the 20th century\".", "Q372481": "Giovanni \"Ninetto\" Davoli (born 11 October 1948) is an Italian actor who became known through his roles in several of Pier Paolo Pasolini's films.", "Q266386": "Jack Bonnell Dennis is a computer scientist and Emeritus Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.\nThe work of Dennis in computer systems and computer languages is recognized to have played a key role in hacker culture. As an Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty member he sponsored easier access to computer facilities at MIT during the early development of the subculture. Much of what would later become Unix came from his early collaboration with Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson. This collaborative and open philosophy lives on today. \nDennis was also a member of the historic Tech Model Railroad Club, which incubated much of the early slang and traditions of hacking.\n\n", "Q433692": "Nicole Ari Parker (born October 7, 1970) is an American actress and model. She made her screen debut with a leading role in the critically acclaimed independent film The Incredibly True Adventure of Two Girls in Love (1995) and went on to appear in Boogie Nights (1997), directed by Paul Thomas Anderson.\nParker has starred in a number of movies, including Blue Streak (1999), Remember the Titans (2000), Brown Sugar (2002), Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins (2008), Black Dynamite (2009), and Almost Christmas (2016). On television, Parker played the leading role of attorney Teri Joseph in the Showtime drama series Soul Food (2000\u201304), for which she received five NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series nominations. She also starred in the short-lived UPN romantic comedy Second Time Around (2004\u201305) and the ABC drama Time After Time (2017). In 2017, she joined the cast of Fox's prime-time soap opera Empire playing Giselle Barker.", "Q3482141": "Shin Bo-Me (Burmese: \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1018\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101a\u103a, [\u0283\u026a\u0300\u0274 bo\u0330 m\u025b\u0300]; also spelled Shin Bo-Mai) was a principal queen of four kings of Ava in the early 15th century.", "Q537386": "Charles Alexander Clouser (born June 28, 1963) is an American keyboardist, composer, record producer, and remixer. He worked with Trent Reznor for Nine Inch Nails from 1994\u20132000 , and is a composer for film and television; among his credits are the score for the Saw franchise and American Horror Story. Clouser was nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best Metal Performance in 1997.\n\n", "Q71874": "Liang Sicheng (Chinese: \u6881\u601d\u6210; 20 April 1901 \u2013 9 January 1972) was a Chinese architect and architectural historian, known as the father of modern Chinese architecture. His father, Liang Qichao, was one of the most prominent Chinese scholars of the early 20th century. His wife was the architect and poet Lin Huiyin. His younger brother, Liang Siyong, was one of China's first archaeologists.\nLiang authored the first modern history on Chinese architecture, and he was the founder of the Architecture Department of Northeastern University in 1928 and Tsinghua University in 1946. He was the Chinese representative of the Design Board which designed the United Nations headquarters in New York City. He, along with wife Lin Huiyin, Mo Zongjiang, and Ji Yutang, discovered and analyzed the first and second oldest timber structures still standing in China, located at Nanchan Temple and Foguang Temple at Mount Wutai.\nHe is recognized as the \u201cFather of Modern Chinese Architecture\u201d. Princeton University, which awarded him an honorary doctoral degree in 1947, issued a statement praising him as \u201ca creative architect who has also been a teacher of architectural history, a pioneer in historical research and exploration in Chinese architecture and planning, and a leader in the restoration and preservation of the priceless monuments of his country.\u201d\n\n", "Q50662": "Goethe University (German: Goethe-Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt am Main) is a university located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It was founded in 1914 as a citizens' university, which means it was founded and funded by the wealthy and active liberal citizenry of Frankfurt. The original name was Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt am Main. In 1932, the university's name was extended in honour of one of the most famous native sons of Frankfurt, the poet, philosopher and writer/dramatist Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The university currently has around 45,000 students, distributed across four major campuses within the city.\nThe university celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2014. The first female president of the university, Birgitta Wolff, was sworn into office in 2015. 20 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the university, including Max von Laue and Max Born. The university is also affiliated with 18 winners of the prestigious Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize.Goethe University is part of the IT cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar. The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, the Goethe University Frankfurt and the Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt together form the Rhine-Main-Universities (RMU).", "Q452278": "Vania Todorova Kaludova (Bulgarian: \u0412\u0430\u043d\u044f \u0422\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430), known professionally as Ivana (\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430), is a popular Bulgarian singer. She is one of the most prolific performers in the pop-folk music genre in Bulgaria.", "Q19504": "Friedrich Christian Anton \"Fritz\" Lang (December 5, 1890 \u2013 August 2, 1976) was an Austrian-German-American filmmaker, screenwriter, and occasional film producer and actor. One of the best-known \u00e9migr\u00e9s from Germany's school of Expressionism, he was dubbed the \"Master of Darkness\" by the British Film Institute.Lang's most famous films include the groundbreaking futuristic Metropolis (1927) and the also influential M (1931), a film noir precursor that he made before he moved to the United States. His other notable films include Dr. Mabuse the Gambler (1922), Die Nibelungen (1924), Fury (1936), You Only Live Once (1937), Hangmen Also Die! (1943), The Woman in the Window (1944) and The Big Heat (1953).", "Q50104": "Deborah Wasserman Schultz (; born September 27, 1966) is an American politician serving as the U.S. Representative from Florida's 23rd congressional district, first elected to Congress in 2004. A member of the Democratic Party, she is a former Chair of the Democratic National Committee.\nWasserman Schultz served in the Florida House of Representatives and the Florida Senate and was a national campaign co-chair for Hillary Clinton's 2008 run for president. Her district covers much of southern Broward County, including a large portion of Fort Lauderdale. It also covers much of northern Miami-Dade County.\nWasserman Schultz was elected chair of the Democratic National Committee in May 2011, replacing Tim Kaine. On July 28, 2016, Wasserman Schultz resigned from her position after WikiLeaks released a collection of stolen emails indicating that Wasserman Schultz and other members of the DNC staff had exercised bias against Bernie Sanders and in favor of Hillary Clinton in the 2016 Democratic primaries. She was subsequently appointed honorary chair of the Clinton campaign's \"50 state program\".[73]", "Q536926": "Marie Menken (born Marie Menkevicius, May 25, 1909 \u2013 December 29, 1970), was an American experimental filmmaker, painter, and socialite. She was noted for her unique filming style that incorporated collage.\n\n", "Q47478": "Swami Vivekananda (Bengali: [\u0283ami bibekan\u0254ndo] (listen); 12 January 1863 \u2013 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Datta (Bengali: [n\u0254rendronat\u02b0 d\u0254to]), was an Indian Hindu monk, a chief disciple of the 19th-century Indian mystic Ramakrishna. He was a key figure in the introduction of the Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world and is credited with raising interfaith awareness, bringing Hinduism to the status of a major world religion during the late 19th century. He was a major force in the revival of Hinduism in India, and contributed to the concept of Indian nationalism as a tool of fight against the British empire in colonial India. Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Math and the Ramakrishna Mission. He is perhaps best known for his speech which began with the words - \"Sisters and brothers of America ...,\" in which he introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893.\nBorn into an aristocratic Bengali Kayastha family of Calcutta, Vivekananda was inclined towards spirituality. He was influenced by his guru, Ramakrishna, from whom he learnt that all living beings were an embodiment of the divine self; therefore, service to God could be rendered by service to humankind. After Ramakrishna's death, Vivekananda toured the Indian subcontinent extensively and acquired first-hand knowledge of the conditions prevailing in British India. He later travelled to the United States, representing India at the 1893 Parliament of the World's Religions. Vivekananda conducted hundreds of public and private lectures and classes, disseminating tenets of Hindu philosophy in the United States, England and Europe. In India, Vivekananda is regarded as a patriotic saint, and his birthday is celebrated as National Youth Day.", "Q165637": "Ren\u00e9e Lynn Fleming (born February 14, 1959) is an American soprano, known for performances in opera, concerts, recordings, theater, film, and at major public occasions. Fleming has a full lyric soprano voice. She has performed coloratura, lyric, and lighter spinto soprano operatic roles in Italian, German, French, Czech, and Russian, aside from her native English. Her signature roles include Countess Almaviva in Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro, Desdemona in Verdi's Otello, Violetta in Verdi's La traviata, the title role in Dvo\u0159\u00e1k's Rusalka, the title role in Massenet's Manon, the title role in Massenet's Tha\u00efs, Tatyana in Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, the title role in Richard Strauss's Arabella, the Marschallin in Der Rosenkavalier, the Countess in Capriccio, and Blanche DuBois in Andr\u00e9 Previn's A Streetcar Named Desire.\nA recipient of the National Medal of Arts, Fleming has been nominated for 17 Grammy Awards and has won four times. Fleming regularly performs in opera houses and concert halls worldwide, receiving international acclaim and recognition including the Chevalier de la L\u00e9gion d'Honneur from the French government, Germany's Cross of the Order of Merit, Sweden's Polar Music Prize and honorary membership in England's Royal Academy of Music. Beyond opera, Fleming has sung and recorded lieder, chansons, jazz, musical theatre, and indie rock. Fleming has also recorded songs for the soundtracks of several major films, two of which won the Academy Award for Best Picture (The Shape of Water and The Lord of the Rings: Return of the King). A 2018 Tony Award nominee, Fleming has acted on Broadway and in theatrical productions in London, Los Angeles and Chicago. Fleming has made numerous television appearances, and she is the only classical singer to have performed the U.S. National Anthem at the Super Bowl.\nConductor Sir Georg Solti said of Fleming: \"In my long life, I have met maybe two sopranos with this quality of singing; the other was Renata Tebaldi.\"", "Q595041": "Anton Va\u0161ek (1905\u20131946) was the head of Department 14 in the Slovak State's Central Economic Office. He is known for accepting bribes in exchange for reducing deportation of Jews from Slovakia.", "Q344655": "Charles John Mahoney (June 20, 1940 \u2013 February 4, 2018) was an English-American actor. He first became known for his roles in such films as Moonstruck (1987), Eight Men Out (1988), Say Anything... (1989), Barton Fink (1991), and The Hudsucker Proxy (1994). He was best known for playing Martin Crane in the American sitcom Frasier, which aired on NBC from 1993 to 2004. He also worked as a voice actor, and was passionate about his stage work on Broadway and in Chicago theatre. He won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play in 1986 for his performance in The House of Blue Leaves.", "Q3101915": "George Shima (1864 \u2013 March 27, 1926) was a Japanese American businessman in California who became the first Japanese American millionaire. At one point, he produced about 85% of the state's potato crop, which earned him the nickname \"The Potato King\".Born Ushijima Kinji (\u725b\u5cf6\u8b39\u723e) in Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan, he entered a preliminary course at the Tokyo Commercial School (now Hitotsubashi University), but failed the entrance examination for the regular course. He emigrated to San Francisco in 1889 determined to learn English, the subject that gave him the most trouble on the exam.Upon his arrival, he changed his name to George Shima. He first worked as a domestic servant in San Francisco, then became a migrant farm laborer in the Sacramento Delta for a while. Soon afterward, he turned his eye to management, when he began supplying Japanese farm workers to white farmers. By the late 1890s, he leased some land and began his own farming operations. He was successful enough to purchase some inexpensive swampland (considered undesirable by white American farmers) in the San Joaquin Delta. After draining and diking the land, he found that potatoes grew best in that type of soil, and using corporate management techniques and the latest agricultural technology, began to corner the market in potatoes. By 1913, he had 28,000 acres (113 km2) in production and by 1920, he had 85% of the market share with his \"Shima Fancy\" brand, valued at more than $18 million ($229,724,252 today).His business success did not bring him respite from racism, however. In 1909, while trying to purchase a home in Berkeley, he was actively opposed by real estate agents and other homeowners. Despite being the subject of such newspaper headlines as \"Yellow Peril in College Town\", Shima became active in the community, donating $500 to the local YMCA, and gradually won over his neighbors. Still, the opposition he encountered led him that same year to become the first president of the Japanese Association of America and to unsuccessfully fight the passing of the California Alien Land Law of 1913, which was written to prevent Asians from owning land.In 1926, while on a business trip to Los Angeles, he suffered a stroke and died. That same day he was awarded the Fourth Rank Order of the Rising Sun from the Emperor of Japan. He received the award from Hirohito, later known as Emperor Sh\u014dwa. At his funeral, David Starr Jordan, the president of Stanford University, and James Rolph, the Mayor of San Francisco, both served as pallbearers. Shima is buried in Japanese Cemetery in Colma, California.The Shima Center at San Joaquin Delta College honors his legacy. Yoshinobu Hirotsu, a fellow resident of Shima's hometown of Kurume, also raised several hundred thousand yen to set up a life-sized monument to him in a park there in 1999.\n\n", "Q7795172": "Thomas William Walker, ONZM (2 July 1916 \u2013 8 November 2010) was an Anglo-New Zealand soil scientist. He was known as \"Tom\" or \"John\" or \"Johnnie\" after the Johnnie Walker brand of whisky, or \"The Prof\" to students and latterly viewers of Maggie's Garden Show. To his family he was \"Baba\".Born in Shepshed, Leicestershire, he was educated at Loughborough Grammar School and the Royal College of Science. He continued his career at Rothamsted Experimental Station, University of Manchester and for the National Agricultural Advisory Service. In 1952, he emigrated to New Zealand, to become the first professor of soil science at Canterbury Agricultural College. He returned to Britain in 1958, but came back in 1960, to his old job at the soon to be renamed Lincoln College, New Zealand. He retired in 1979, becoming emeritus professor from then until his death in 2010.", "Q922470": "Timothy William Farriss (born 16 August 1957) is an Australian musician, founding member and the lead guitarist of the rock band INXS.", "Q278806": "Abbott Joseph \"A. J.\" Liebling (October 18, 1904 \u2013 December 28, 1963) was an American journalist who was closely associated with The New Yorker from 1935 until his death.", "Q200765": "The Dust of Time (Greek: \u0397 \u03a3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5) is a 2008 Greek drama film written and directed by Theodoros Angelopoulos, starring Willem Dafoe, Ir\u00e8ne Jacob, Bruno Ganz, Michel Piccoli, and Christiane Paul.\nThe film is the second of an unfinished trilogy started with Trilogy: The Weeping Meadow in 2004. The last part of the trilogy had the working title The Other Sea. The trilogy was left uncompleted by Angelopoulos' unexpected death in January 2012.", "Q67970": "Ralf Isau (born 2 March 1956 in Berlin) is a German author of fantasy novels, often archaeology-themed. He received the 1997 Buxtehuder Bulle for his novels Das Museum der gestohlenen Erinnerungen and Das Netz der Schattenspiele.\nIsau formerly worked as an IT consultant. He lives in Stuttgart, is married and has a daughter.", "Q443413": "Caroline Williams (born March 27, 1957) is an American actress and producer. She made her film debut in the 1975 film Smile. She is best known for role as Stretch in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre film series. Her other film roles include Alamo Bay (1985), The Legend of Billie Jean (1985), Stepfather II (1989), Days of Thunder (1990), How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000), Halloween II (2009), and Hatchet 3 (2013). Williams has made guest appearances on several television series such as Hunter (1987), Murder, She Wrote (1992), ER (1996), Suddenly Susan (1996), Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (1997), The District (2003), and Grey's Anatomy (2010).", "Q434843": "Fabrizio Bentivoglio (born 4 January 1957) is an Italian cinema and theatre actor and a screenwriter.", "Q10520": "David Robert Joseph Beckham (UK: ; born 2 May 1975) is an English former professional footballer, the current president of Inter Miami CF and co-owner of Salford City. He played for Manchester United, Preston North End, Real Madrid, Milan, LA Galaxy, Paris Saint-Germain and the England national team, for which he held the appearance record for an outfield player until 2016. He is the first English player to win league titles in four countries: England, Spain, the United States and France. He retired in May 2013 after a 20-year career, during which he won 19 major trophies.Beckham's professional club career began with Manchester United, where he made his first-team debut in 1992 at age 17. With United, he won the Premier League title six times, the FA Cup twice, and the UEFA Champions League in 1999. He then played four seasons with Real Madrid, winning the La Liga championship in his final season with the club. In July 2007, Beckham signed a five-year contract with Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy. While a Galaxy player, he spent two loan spells in Italy with Milan in 2009 and 2010. He was the first British footballer to play 100 UEFA Champions League games. In international football, Beckham made his England debut on 1 September 1996 at the age of 21. He was captain for six years, earning 58 caps during his tenure. He made 115 career appearances in total, appearing at three FIFA World Cup tournaments, in 1998, 2002 and 2006, and two UEFA European Championship tournaments, in 2000 and 2004.\nKnown for his range of passing, crossing ability and bending free-kicks as a right winger, Beckham has been hailed as one of the greatest and most recognisable midfielders of his generation, as well as one of the best set-piece specialists of all time. He was runner-up in the Ballon d'Or in 1999, twice runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Year and in 2004 was named by Pel\u00e9 in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players. He was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2008. A global ambassador for the sport, Beckham is regarded as a British cultural icon.Beckham has consistently ranked among the highest earners in football, and in 2013 was listed as the highest-paid player in the world, having earned over $50 million in the previous 12 months. He has been married to Victoria Beckham since 1999 and they have four children. He has been a UNICEF UK ambassador since 2005, and in 2015 he launched 7: The David Beckham UNICEF Fund. In 2014, MLS announced that Beckham and a group of investors would own Inter Miami CF, which began play in 2020.", "Q4539002": "Sir Alfred Fernandez Yarrow, 1st Baronet, of Homestead (13 January 1842 \u2013 24 January 1932) was a British shipbuilder who started a shipbuilding dynasty, Yarrow Shipbuilders.", "Q7895557": "The University of Iowa College of Law is one of the eleven professional graduate schools at the University of Iowa, located in Iowa City, Iowa. It was founded in 1865. Iowa is ranked the 27th-best law school in the United States by the U.S. News and World Report \"Best Law School\" rankings.", "Q208339": "Kristanna Loken (born October 8, 1979) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her roles in the films Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), BloodRayne (2005) and Bounty Killer (2013) and on the TV series Painkiller Jane (2007), The L Word (2007\u20132008) and Burn Notice (2011\u20132012).", "Q558027": "Leon Schlumpf (3 February 1925 \u2013 7 July 2012) was a Swiss politician and a former member of the Swiss Federal Council (1979-1987).Schlumpf was born in Felsberg. He was elected to the Federal Council on 5 December 1979 as a member of the Swiss People's Party (SVP) from the Canton of Graub\u00fcnden (Grisons). He subsequently handed over office on 31 December 1987. \nDuring his time in office, he held the Federal Department of Transport, Communications and Energy and was President of the Confederation in 1984.\nSchlumpf died on 7 July 2012 in Chur, aged 87. He was the father of Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, member of the cantonal government of Graub\u00fcnden (Grisons), who was herself elected to the Federal Council on 12 December 2007.", "Q164529": "George Merrick Brooks (July 26, 1824 \u2013 September 22, 1893) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.\nBorn in Concord, Massachusetts, Brooks attended an academy in Concord and a boarding school at Waltham.\nHe graduated from Harvard University in 1844.\nHe studied law.\nHe was admitted to the bar in 1847 and commenced practice in Concord.\nHe served as member of the State house of representatives in 1858.\nHe served in the State senate in 1859.\nBrooks was elected as a Republican to the Forty-first Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of George S. Boutwell.\nHe was reelected to the Forty-second Congress and served from November 2, 1869, to May 13, 1872, when he resigned, having been appointed to a judicial position.\nHe served as judge of probate for Middlesex County and served until his death in Concord, Massachusetts, September 22, 1893.\nHe was interred in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.", "Q488004": "Palm Springs is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States, within the Colorado Desert's Coachella Valley. The city covers approximately 94 square miles (240 km2), making it the largest city in Riverside County by land area. Every other square mile of the city is part of the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians reservation land. Traditionally the Cahuilla refer to the Palm Springs area as Sec-he or Se-Khi.Although the population of Palm Springs was 44,552 as of the 2010 census, because Palm Springs is a retirement location, as well as a winter snowbird destination, the city's population triples between November and March.The city is noted for its mid-century modern architecture, design elements, arts and cultural scene, and recreational activities.", "Q1508401": "George Van Eps (August 7, 1913 \u2013 November 29, 1998) was an American swing and mainstream jazz guitarist.", "Q131266": "Krems an der Donau (German pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u0281\u025bms \u0294an de\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u02c8do\u02d0na\u028a\u032f]; Czech: Krem\u017ee) is a town of 23,992 inhabitants in Austria, in the federal state of Lower Austria. It is the fifth-largest city of Lower Austria and is approximately 70 kilometres (43 miles) west of Vienna. Krems is a city with its own statute (or Statutarstadt), and therefore it is both a municipality and a district.", "Q3465902": "Viveka Babajee (27 May 1973 \u2013 25 June 2010) was a Mauritian model and actress. She held the titles of Miss Mauritius World 1993 and Miss Mauritius Universe 1994. She was best known for her KamaSutra condom advertisements of the 1990s, and for her involvement in the so-called Manila Film Festival scam of 1994.Babajee was found hanging from the ceiling fan in her apartment on 25 June 2010 at her Bandra residence in Mumbai. The police reports stated that she committed suicide due to depression.", "Q310204": "The Grudge is a 2004 supernatural horror film directed by Takashi Shimizu, written by Stephen Susco, and produced by Sam Raimi, Robert Tapert, and Takashige Ichise. A remake of Shimizu's 2002 Japanese horror film Ju-On: The Grudge, it stars Sarah Michelle Gellar, Jason Behr, KaDee Strickland, Clea DuVall, and Bill Pullman, and is the first installment in The Grudge film series which is based on the Japanese Ju-On films. Takako Fuji, Yuya Ozeki, and Takashi Matsuyama portray the characters Kayako Saeki, Toshio Saeki, and Takeo Saeki from the original films. The plot is told through a nonlinear sequence of events, and includes several intersecting subplots.\nAfter the success of American remake of The Ring, Sony Pictures had green-lit an American remake of Ju-On: The Grudge. Shimizu, the writer and director of the original film, was hired to direct the film, from a screenplay written by Susco. Principal photography on the film began on January 26, 2004 and wrapped in July 2004 in Tokyo, Japan.\nThe Grudge was released in North America on October 22, 2004, by Columbia Pictures. The film grossed $187 million against a $10 million budget. On its opening weekend alone, the film grossed $39 million, becoming the first horror film since House on Haunted Hill (1999) to top the Halloween box office and, until the Friday the 13th remake in 2009, had the highest grossing opening weekend in history for a horror remake.The film was followed by two sequels, the theatrically released The Grudge 2 (2006) and the straight-to-video The Grudge 3 (2009). A sidequel, also entitled The Grudge, taking place concurrently with the events of this film and its two sequels, was released in 2020.", "Q9624": "The Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) are a liberal political party in the United Kingdom. The party currently has 11 Members of Parliament in the House of Commons, 91 members of the House of Lords, five Members of the Scottish Parliament and one member in each of the Welsh Assembly and the London Assembly. It formed a coalition government of the United Kingdom with the Conservative Party from 2010\u201315. It is also currently in coalition with the Labour Party in the devolved Welsh government, and has also formed coalitions with the Labour Party in Scotland.\nIn 1981, an electoral alliance was established between the Liberal Party, a group which was the direct descendant of the 18th-century Whigs, and the Social Democratic Party (SDP), a splinter group from the Labour Party. In 1988, the parties merged as the Social and Liberal Democrats, adopting their present name over a year later. Under the leadership of Paddy Ashdown and later Charles Kennedy, the party grew during the 1990s and 2000s, focusing its campaigns on specific seats and becoming the third-largest party in the House of Commons. Under the leadership of Nick Clegg, the Liberal Democrats were junior partners in David Cameron's Conservative-led coalition government in which Clegg served as Deputy Prime Minister. Although it allowed them to implement some of their policies, the coalition damaged the Liberal Democrats' electoral prospects and it suffered heavy losses at the 2015 general election. Since then, under the leaderships of Tim Farron, Sir Vince Cable and Jo Swinson, it has refocused itself as a party opposing Brexit.\nPositioned in the centre ground of British politics, the Liberal Democrats ideologically draw upon both liberalism and social democracy. Different factions have dominated the party at different points in its history, each with its own ideological bent, some leaning towards the centre-left and others the centre-right. The party calls for constitutional reform, including a transition from the first-past-the-post voting system to proportional representation. Emphasising stronger protections for civil liberties, the party promotes socially liberal approaches to issues like LGBT rights, drug liberalisation, education policy, and criminal justice. It favours a market-based economy supplemented with social welfare spending. The party is internationalist and pro-European, supporting a People's Vote for the continued UK membership of the European Union and greater European integration; it previously called for adoption of the euro currency. The Lib Dems have promoted further environmental protections and opposed certain UK military engagements like the Iraq War.\nThe Liberal Democrats are historically strongest in northern Scotland, south-west London, south-west England and mid-Wales. Membership is primarily middle-class and more heavily university educated than most UK parties. The party's partner in Northern Ireland is the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland. Internationally, the party is a member of the Liberal International and Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, with its MEPs affiliated to the Renew Europe group in the European Parliament.", "Q129429": "Vivien Leigh ( (5 November 1913 \u2013 8 July 1967), born Vivian Mary Hartley and styled as Lady Olivier after 1947, was a British stage and film actress. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, for her definitive performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich (1963).\nAfter completing her drama school education, Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in Fire Over England (1937). Lauded for her beauty, Leigh felt that her physical attributes sometimes prevented her from being taken seriously as an actress. Despite her fame as a screen actress, Leigh was primarily a stage performer. During her 30-year career, she played roles ranging from the heroines of No\u00ebl Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia, Cleopatra, Juliet, and Lady Macbeth. Later in life, she performed as a character actress in a few films.\nAt the time, the public strongly identified Leigh with her second husband, Laurence Olivier, who was her spouse from 1940 to 1960. Leigh and Olivier starred together in many stage productions, with Olivier often directing, and in three films. She earned a reputation for being difficult to work with, and for much of her adult life, she suffered from bipolar disorder, as well as recurrent bouts of chronic tuberculosis, which was first diagnosed in the mid-1940s and ultimately claimed her life at the age of 53. Although her career had periods of inactivity, in 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Leigh as the 16th greatest female movie star of classic Hollywood cinema.", "Q4468259": "By the Lake (Russian: \u0423 \u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430, romanized: U ozera) is a two-part 1969 Soviet film directed by Sergei Gerasimov. In 1971 the USSR State Prize for this film was awarded to Sergei Gerasimov, cinematographer Vladimir Rapoport, art director Pyotr Galadzhev, and the group of leading actors: Oleg Zhakov, Vasily Shukshin, Natalya Belokhvostikova.", "Q178100": "Sebastian Barry (born 5 July 1955) is an Irish novelist, playwright and poet. He was named Laureate for Irish Fiction, 2019\u20132021. He is noted for his dense literary writing style and is considered one of Ireland's finest writers.Barry's literary career began in poetry before he began writing plays and novels.\nHe has been twice shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize for his novels A Long Long Way (2005) and The Secret Scripture (2008), the latter of which won the 2008 Costa Book of the Year and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize. His 2011 novel, On Canaan's Side, was longlisted for the Booker. In January 2017, Barry was awarded the Costa Book of the Year prize for Days Without End, becoming the first novelist to win the prestigious prize twice.", "Q3442365": "Rose Bruford College of Theatre & Performance (formerly the Rose Bruford Training College of Speech and Drama) is a drama school in the south London suburb of Sidcup. The college has degree programmes in acting, actor musicianship, theatre arts and various disciplines of stagecraft.The college's undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications and programmes were validated by the University of Manchester, prior to the college gaining its own taught degree awarding powers in 2017. It is a member of the Federation of Drama Schools.", "Q329485": "Parkersburg is a city in and the county seat of Wood County, West Virginia, United States. Located at the confluence of the Ohio and Little Kanawha rivers, it is the state's third-largest city and the largest city in the Parkersburg-Marietta-Vienna metropolitan area. The population was 31,492 at the 2010 census. Its peak population was 44,797 in 1960. The city is about 14 miles south of Marietta, Ohio.\nThe Baltimore and Ohio Railroad reached Parkersburg in 1857, but lacked a crossing over the Ohio River until after the American Civil War. When the B&O completed the Parkersburg Bridge (CSX) 1868\u20131870 to Belpre, it was the longest railroad bridge in the world.\nThe Bureau of the Public Debt, an agency of the U.S. Treasury Department, was relocated from the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area in the late 20th century and headquartered in Parkersburg. In October 2012, it was merged with the Financial Management Service to form the Bureau of the Fiscal Service.", "Q202172": "Walter Matthau (; born Walter John Matthow; October 1, 1920 \u2013 July 1, 2000) was an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his film roles opposite Jack Lemmon, playing Oscar Madison in The Odd Couple, (1968) and its 1998 sequel, The Odd Couple II, and Max Goldman in Grumpy Old Men (1993) and its sequel, Grumpier Old Men (1995). Matthau also appeared opposite Audrey Hepburn in Charade (1963), and won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the 1966 Billy Wilder film The Fortune Cookie. Besides the Oscar, he was the winner of BAFTA, Golden Globe and Tony awards. On Broadway, Matthau originated the role of Oscar Madison in The Odd Couple play by playwright Neil Simon in 1965.", "Q2975269": "Dorrit Moussaieff (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05d0\u05d9\u05d5\u05e3\u200e, born 12 January 1950) is an Israeli jewellery designer, editor, and businesswoman who was the First Lady of Iceland from 2003 to 2016. She became engaged to President \u00d3lafur Ragnar Gr\u00edmsson in 2000 and they were married on Gr\u00edmsson's 60th birthday in 2003. Born in Israel, she was raised in the United Kingdom from the age of 13.", "Q263598": "Georgiy Ruslanovich Gongadze (Ukrainian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0439 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0435; Georgian: \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10e6\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4; 21 May 1969 \u2013 17 September 2000) was a Georgian politician and Ukrainian journalist and film director who was kidnapped and murdered in 2000. He founded the internet newspaper Ukrayinska Pravda along with Olena Prytula in 2000.\nThe circumstances of his death became a national scandal and a focus for protests against the government of the then President, Leonid Kuchma. During the Cassette Scandal, audiotapes were released on which Kuchma, Volodymyr Lytvyn and other top-level administration officials are heard discussing the need to silence Gongadze for his online news reports about high-level corruption. Former Interior Minister Yuriy Kravchenko died of two gunshots to the head on 4 March 2005, just hours before he was to begin providing testimony as a witness in the case. Kravchenko was the superior of the four policemen who were charged with Gongadze's murder soon after Kravchenko's death. The official ruling of suicide was doubted by media reports.Three former officials of the Ukrainian Interior Ministry's foreign surveillance department and criminal intelligence unit (Valeriy Kostenko, Mykola Protasov and Oleksandr Popovych) accused of his murder were arrested in March 2005 and a fourth one (Oleksiy Pukach, the former chief of the unit) in July 2009. A court in Ukraine sentenced Protasov to a sentence of 13 years and Kostenko and Popovych to 12-year terms March 2008 (the trial had begun January 2006) for the murder. Gongadze's family believe the trial had failed to bring the masterminds behind the killing to justice. No one has yet been charged with giving the order for Gongadze's murder.Gongadze's widow Myroslava Gongadze and their two children received political asylum in the United States and have lived there since 2001.\nGongadze was awarded the title Hero of Ukraine by President Viktor Yushchenko on 23 August 2005.Gongadze was buried in Kiev on 22 March 2016 in the St Nicholas the Embankment Church.", "Q168307": "Zbyn\u011bk Hejda (2 February 1930, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u2013 16 November 2013, Prague) was a Czech poet, essayist and translator (mainly from English - Emily Dickinson; and German - Georg Trakl, Gottfried Benn).", "Q273947": "Katherine Gonzalez (born July 30, 1963) also known as Monique Gabrielle is an American model and actress. Gabrielle was selected as the Penthouse Pet of the Month for December 1982 and has appeared in a variety of mainstream and adult movies over her career.", "Q349365": "Ellison Shoji Onizuka (\u30a8\u30ea\u30bd\u30f3\u30fb\u30b7\u30e7\u30fc\u30b8\u30fb\u30aa\u30cb\u30c5\u30ab, \u9b3c\u585a \u627f\u6b21, Onizuka Sh\u014dji, June 24, 1946 \u2013 January 28, 1986) was an American astronaut and engineer from Kealakekua, Hawaii, who successfully flew into space with the Space Shuttle Discovery on STS-51-C. He died in the destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger, on which he was serving as Mission Specialist for mission STS-51-L. He was the first Asian American and the first person of Japanese ancestry to reach space.", "Q1333800": "James Andrew Michael (born September 26, 1967) is an American record producer, musician, songwriter, singer, sound engineer and mixer. He is currently the lead singer of the rock band Sixx:A.M..", "Q9630": "The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that has been described as an alliance of social democrats, democratic socialists and trade unionists. In all general elections since 1922, Labour has been either the governing party or the Official Opposition.\nThe Labour Party was founded in 1900, having grown out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the 19th century. It overtook the Liberal Party to become the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s, forming two minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s and early 1930s. Labour served in the wartime coalition of 1940\u20131945, after which Clement Attlee's Labour government established the National Health Service and expanded the welfare state from 1945 to 1951. Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan, Labour again governed from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1979. In the 1990s, Tony Blair took Labour to the centre as part of his \"New Labour\" project, which governed the UK under Blair and then Gordon Brown from 1997 to 2010.\nThe Labour Party currently forms the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having won the second-largest number of seats in the 2017 and 2019 general elections. Labour is currently the largest party in the Welsh Assembly, being the main party in the current Welsh government. The party is the third-largest in the Scottish Parliament.\nLabour is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance, and holds observer status in the Socialist International. The party includes semi-autonomous Scottish and Welsh branches, and supports the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) in Northern Ireland, although it still organises there. As of January 2020, Labour has 580,000 registered members, the largest membership of any party in Europe.", "Q286266": "Haining (simplified Chinese: \u6d77\u5b81; traditional Chinese: \u6d77\u5be7; pinyin: H\u01cein\u00edng) is a county-level city in Zhejiang Province, China, and under the jurisdiction of Jiaxing. It is in the south side of Yangtze River Delta, and in the north of Zhejiang. It is 125 km (78 mi) to the southwest of central Shanghai, and 61.5 km (38.2 mi) east of Hangzhou, the provincial capital. To its south lies the Qiantang River. The city has a land area of 700.5 km2 (270.5 sq mi) and at the 2010 census, had a population of 806,966 inhabitants. Haining is known for its leather industry and spectacular tide in the Qiantang River.\n\n", "Q3568598": "William Evan Price (November 17, 1827 \u2013 June 12, 1880) was a businessman and political figure in Quebec, Canada. He was a Conservative Member of Parliament representing Chicoutimi-Saguenay from 1872 to 1874.\n\n", "Q131272": "Soul music (often referred to simply as soul) is a popular music genre that originated in the African American community in the United States in the 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues and jazz. Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States, where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music and the music of Africa.According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, soul is \"music that arose out of the black experience in America through the transmutation of gospel and rhythm & blues into a form of funky, secular testifying\". Catchy rhythms, stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves, are an important feature of soul music. Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and an especially tense vocal sound. The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions, twirls and auxiliary sounds. Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture. The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music, which boasted pride in being black.Soul music dominated the U.S. R&B chart in the 1960s, and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U.S., Britain and elsewhere. By 1968, the soul music genre had begun to splinter. Some soul artists developed funk music, while other singers and groups developed slicker, more sophisticated, and in some cases more politically conscious varieties. By the early 1970s, soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres, leading to psychedelic soul. The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994. There are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music.\nThe key subgenres of soul include the Detroit (Motown) style, a more pop-friendly and rhythmic style; deep soul and southern soul, driving, energetic soul styles combining R&B with southern gospel music sounds; Memphis soul, a shimmering, sultry style; New Orleans soul, which came out of the rhythm and blues style; Chicago soul, a lighter gospel-influenced sound; Philadelphia soul, a lush orchestral sound with doo-wop-inspired vocals; as well as psychedelic soul, a blend of psychedelic rock and soul music.", "Q99310": "\u00d6zg\u00fcr \u00d6zata (born February 17, 1977) is a Turkish-German actor.", "Q73911": "Afrob (born Robert Zemichiel in 1977 in Italy) is an Italian-born German rapper of Eritrean descent. He is easily recognizable due to his trademark afro, from which his pseudonym is derived.\n\n", "Q449894": "Theodore Roosevelt III (September 13, 1887 \u2013 July 12, 1944), known as Theodore Roosevelt Jr., was an American government, business, and military leader. He was the eldest son of President Theodore Roosevelt and First Lady Edith Roosevelt. Roosevelt is known for his World War II service, including the directing of troops at Utah Beach during the Normandy landings, for which he received the Medal of Honor.\nRoosevelt was educated at private academies and Harvard University; after his 1909 graduation from college, he began a successful career in business and investment banking. Having gained pre-World War I army experience during his attendance at a Citizens' Military Training Camp, at the start of the war he received a reserve commission as a major. He served primarily with the 1st Division, took part in several engagements including the Battle of Cantigny, and commanded the 26th Infantry Regiment as a lieutenant colonel. After the war, Roosevelt was instrumental in the forming of the American Legion.\nIn addition to his military and business careers, Roosevelt was active in politics and government. He served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy (1921\u20131924), Governor of Puerto Rico (1929\u20131932), and Governor-General of the Philippines (1932\u20131933). He resumed his business endeavors in the 1930s, and was Chairman of the Board of American Express Company, and Vice-President of Doubleday Books. Roosevelt also remained active as an Army reservist, attending annual training periods at Pine Camp, and completing the Infantry Officer Basic and Advanced Courses, the Command and General Staff College, and refresher training for senior officers. He returned to active duty for World War II with the rank of colonel, and commanded the 26th Infantry Regiment. He soon received promotion to brigadier general as assistant division commander of the 1st Infantry Division.\nAfter serving in the Operation Torch landings in North Africa and the Tunisia Campaign, followed by participation in the Allied invasion of Sicily, Roosevelt was assigned as assistant division commander of the 4th Infantry Division. In this role, he led the first wave of troops ashore at Utah Beach during the Normandy landings in June 1944. He died in France of a heart attack the following month; at the time of his death, he had been recommended for the Distinguished Service Cross to recognize his heroism at Normandy. The recommendation was subsequently upgraded, and Roosevelt was a posthumous recipient of the Medal of Honor.", "Q854280": "KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Swedish: Kungliga Tekniska h\u00f6gskolan), abbreviated KTH, is a public research university in Stockholm, Sweden. KTH conducts research and education within engineering and technology, and is Sweden's largest technical university. Currently, KTH consists of five schools with five campuses in and around Stockholm.\n\nKTH was established in 1827 as Teknologiska Institutet (Institute of Technology), and had its roots in the Mekaniska skolan (School of Mechanics) that was established in 1798 in Stockholm. But the origin of KTH dates back to the predecessor to Mekaniska skolan, the Laboratorium Mechanicum, which was established in 1697 by Swedish scientist and innovator Christopher Polhem. Laboratorium Mechanicum combined education technology, a laboratory and an exhibition space for innovations. In 1877 KTH received its current name, Kungliga Tekniska h\u00f6gskolan (KTH Royal Institute of Technology). The King of Sweden Carl XVI Gustaf is the High Protector of KTH.\n\nKTH is the highest ranked technical university in Sweden. It is ranked top 100 in the world among all universities in the 2020 QS World University Rankings . In the 2020 QS World University Rankings by General Subject KTH ranked 30 within engineering and technology. In the equivalent Specific Subject ranking KTH placed top 30 in Architecture and Built Environment, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science. In the Times Higher Education World University Impact Rankings 2019 KTH ranked as number 7 among universities globally.\n\n", "Q90452": "Grete Natzler (19 June 1906 \u2013 10 June 1999) was an Austrian actress and operatic soprano. Born in \nVienna, she was the daughter of actress Lilli Mei\u00dfner and actor and opera singer Leopold Natzler (1860\u20131926). Two of her younger sisters were also actors and singers. Her sister, Alice Maria (\u2018Lizzi'), performed under the stage name of Litzie Helm, and Hertha Natzler performed under her own name. Grete began her career on the stage in her native country and in Germany as a performer in operettas. In the early 1930s she appeared in films in both Germany and England, including The Scotland Yard Mystery (1933) and in several film versions of German operettas. After moving to the United States in the late 1930s, she signed a contract with MGM and adopted the pseudonym Della Lind. She is perhaps best known for portraying the role of Anna Albert in the 1938 Laurel and Hardy film Swiss Miss. She was married to composer Franz Steininger (1906\u20131974).\nHer cousin was actor Reggie Nalder.", "Q364591": "Nathaniel de Rothschild (1812\u20131870), was a businessman, banker and winemaker. He established the Ch\u00e2teau Mouton Rothschild.\n\n", "Q240355": "Genesis Rodriguez (born July 29, 1987) is an American actress, who began her career playing leading roles in the Telemundo telenovelas Prisionera (2004), Dame Chocolate (2007) and Do\u00f1a B\u00e1rbara (2008\u20132009). She co-starred with actor Paul Walker in a production. She also played Sarah on Entourage (2010\u20132011) and assistant museum curator/adventurer Jane Walker on Time After Time (2017), and has starred in the films Man on a Ledge (2012), Casa de Mi Padre (2012), What to Expect When You're Expecting (2012), The Last Stand (2013), Tusk (2014) and Run All Night (2015). She provided the voice for Honey Lemon in Big Hero 6 (2014), a role she reprises in the TV series (2017).", "Q19276": "Tu mi turbi (also known as You Upset Me and You Disturb Me) is a 1983 Italian anthology comedy film written, directed and starred by Roberto Benigni. It is both the directorial debut of Benigni and the film debut of Nicoletta Braschi.", "Q4530754": "Alexander Elder, M.D., is a Russian-American professional trader and a teacher of traders. He is the author of Trading for a Living, considered a modern classic among traders. First published in 1993, this international best-seller has been translated into more than a dozen languages and is being used to educate traders around the world. His Come into My Trading Room: A Complete Guide to Trading was named a 2002 Barron's Book of the Year. His Entries & Exits: Visits to 16 Trading Rooms was named a 2007 SFO Magazine Book of the Year. His latest book is The New Sell & Sell Short: How to Take Profits, Cut Losses, and Benefit from Price\nDeclines (2011).\nElder was born in Leningrad and grew up in Estonia, where he entered medical school at the age of 16. At 23, while working as a ship's doctor, he jumped a Soviet ship in Africa and received political asylum in the United States. He worked as a psychiatrist in New York City and taught at Columbia University. His experience as a psychiatrist provided him with unique insight into the psychology of trading.", "Q374782": "Mark Scott Travis (born September 6, 1961) is an American rock musician, best known as the drummer for the English heavy metal band Judas Priest, the Irish rock band Thin Lizzy, and the American heavy metal band Racer X.", "Q312407": "John Roderigo Dos Passos (; January 14, 1896 \u2013 September 28, 1970) was an American novelist, most notable for his U.S.A. trilogy.\nBorn in Chicago, Dos Passos graduated from Harvard College in 1916. He traveled widely as a young man, visiting Europe and the Middle East, where he learned about literature, art, and architecture. During World War I, he was an ambulance driver for American volunteer groups in Paris and Italy before joining the U.S. Army Medical Corps.\nIn 1920, his first novel, One Man's Initiation: 1917, was published, and in 1925, his novel Manhattan Transfer became a commercial success. His U.S.A. trilogy, which consists of the novels The 42nd Parallel (1930), 1919 (1932), and The Big Money (1936), was ranked by the Modern Library in 1998 as 23rd of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. Written in experimental, non-linear form, the trilogy blends elements of biography and news reports to paint a landscape of early 20th-century American culture.\nBeyond his writing, Dos Passos is known for his shift in political views. Following his experiences in World War I, he became interested in socialism and pacifism, which also influenced his early work. In 1928, he traveled to the Soviet Union, curious about its social and political experiment, though left with mixed impressions. His experiences during the Spanish Civil War disillusioned him with left-wing politics while also severing his relationship with fellow writer Ernest Hemingway. By the 1950s, his political views had changed dramatically, and he had become more conservative. In the 1960s, he campaigned for presidential candidates Barry Goldwater and Richard M. Nixon.\nAs an artist, Dos Passos created his own cover art for his books, influenced by modernism in 1920s Paris. He died in Baltimore, Maryland. Spence's Point, his Virginia estate, was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1971.", "Q133465": "Wincenty Pol (20 April 1807 \u2013 2 December 1872) was a Polish poet and geographer.", "Q354452": "Adele Jergens (November 26, 1917 \u2013 November 22, 2002) was an American actress.", "Q48987": "Robert Jonathan Demme ( DEM-ee; February 22, 1944 \u2013 April 26, 2017) was an American director, producer, and screenwriter best known for directing the psychological horror film The Silence of the Lambs (1991), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Director. Demme is known for his casually humanist films such as Melvin and Howard (1980), Swing Shift (1984), Something Wild (1986), Married to the Mob (1988), Philadelphia (1993) and Rachel Getting Married (2008). He has also directed numerous concert films such as Stop Making Sense (1984), Neil Young: Heart of Gold (2006), and Justin Timberlake + The Tennessee Kids (2016).", "Q292213": "Gabrielle Beaumont (born 7 April 1942 in London, England) is a British film and television director. \nHer directing credits range from Hill Street Blues to Star Trek: The Next Generation. She is best known for directing, writing and producing the TV special Diana: A Tribute to the People's Princess. She and writer/actor Olaf Pooley both contributed to a film version of Bernard Taylor's The Godsend. Pooley wrote the screenplay for the film while Beaumont directed it.", "Q913861": "San Diego State University (SDSU) is a public research university in San Diego, California. Founded in 1897 as San Diego Normal School, it is the third-oldest university in the 23-member California State University (CSU) system. SDSU has a Fall 2019 student body of 35,081 and an alumni base of more than 300,000.It is classified among \"Doctoral Universities: High Research Activity.\" In the 2015\u201316 fiscal year, the university obtained $130 million in public and private funding\u2014a total of 707 awards\u2014up from $120.6 million the previous fiscal year. As reported by the Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index released by the Academic Analytics organization of Stony Brook, New York, SDSU is the number one small research university in the United States in 2006 and 2007. SDSU sponsors the second-highest number of Fulbright Scholars in the State of California, just behind UC Berkeley. Since 2005, the university has produced over 65 Fulbright student scholars.The university generates over $2.4 billion annually for the San Diego economy, while 60 percent of SDSU graduates remain in San Diego, making SDSU a primary educator of the region's work force. Committed to serving the diverse San Diego region, SDSU ranks among the top ten universities nationwide in terms of ethnic and racial diversity among its student body, as well as the number of bachelor's degrees conferred upon minority students. San Diego State University consistently ranks in the top 500 universities in the world, and according to Forbes, is among the top 93rd percentile of public colleges in the United States.San Diego State University is a member of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, the American Association of State Colleges and Universities, and the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities.", "Q386514": "Mozhan Marn\u00f2 (born May 3, 1980) is an American film and television actress. She is known for her roles in The Blacklist and House of Cards.", "Q453614": "Alba de C\u00e9spedes y Bertini (11 March 1911 \u2013 14 November 1997) was a Cuban-Italian writer.", "Q352023": "Charles Fenno Hoffman (February 7, 1806 \u2013 June 7, 1884) was an American author, poet and editor associated with the Knickerbocker Group in New York.", "Q2765": "Gelsenkirchen (UK: , US: , German: [\u02cc\u0261\u025blzn\u0329\u02c8k\u026a\u0281\u00e7n\u0329] (listen); Westphalian: Gelsenki\u00e4rken) is the 11th largest city of Germany's most populous federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and its 262,528 (2016) inhabitants make it the 25th largest city of Germany. On the Emscher River (a tributary of the Rhine), it lies at the centre of the Ruhr, the largest urban area of Germany, of which it is the fifth largest city after Dortmund, Essen, Duisburg and Bochum. The Ruhr is located in the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region, one of Europe's largest urban areas. Gelsenkirchen is the fifth largest city of Westphalia after Dortmund, Bochum, Bielefeld and M\u00fcnster, and it is one of the southernmost cities in the Low German dialect area. The city is home to the football club Schalke 04, which is named after Gelsenkirchen-Schalke. The club's current stadium Veltins-Arena, however, is located in Gelsenkirchen-Erle.\nGelsenkirchen was first documented in 1150, but it remained a tiny village until the 19th century, when the Industrial Revolution led to the growth of the entire area. In 1840, when the mining of coal began, 6,000 inhabitants lived in Gelsenkirchen; in 1900 the population had increased to 138,000. In the early 20th century, Gelsenkirchen was the most important coal mining town in Europe. It was called the \"city of a thousand fires\" for the flames of mine gases flaring at night. In 1928, Gelsenkirchen was merged with the adjoining cities of Buer and Gelsenkirchen-Horst. The city bore the name Gelsenkirchen-Buer, until it was renamed Gelsenkirchen in 1930. During the Nazi era Gelsenkirchen remained a centre of coal production and oil refining, and for this reason it was bombed in Allied air raids during World War II. There are no longer colliers in Gelsenkirchen with the city searching for a new image, having been hit for decades with one of the highest unemployment rates in Germany. Today Germany's largest solar power plant is located in the city. In Gelsenkirchen-Scholven there is a coal-fired power station with the tallest chimneys in Germany (302 m).", "Q92523": "Balduin Baas (9 June 1922 \u2013 22 May 2006) was a German actor. He appeared in 77 films and television shows between 1956 and 2002.", "Q276181": "James Albert Varney Jr. (June 15, 1949 \u2013 February 10, 2000) was an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his broadly comedic role as Ernest P. Worrell, appearing in numerous television commercial advertising campaigns and films and for which he won a Daytime Emmy Award. He played Jed Clampett in a film adaptation of The Beverly Hillbillies (1993) and performed the voice of Slinky Dog in Toy Story (1995) and Toy Story 2 (1999). He died of lung cancer in 2000.", "Q604086": "Milovan Gli\u0161i\u0107 (6 January 1847 \u2013 20 January 1908) was a Serbian writer, dramatist, translator, and literary theorist. He is sometimes referred to as the Serbian Gogol.\n\n", "Q219546": "Albert Finney (9 May 1936 \u2013 7 February 2019) was an English actor who worked in film, television and theatre. He attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and worked in the theatre before attaining prominence on screen in the early 1960s, debuting with The Entertainer (1960), directed by Tony Richardson, who had previously directed him in the theatre. He maintained a successful career in theatre, film and television.\nHe is known for his roles in Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (also 1960), Tom Jones (1963), Two for the Road (1967), Scrooge (1970), Annie (1982), The Dresser (1983), Miller's Crossing (1990), A Man of No Importance (1994), Erin Brockovich (2000), Big Fish (2003), The Bourne Ultimatum (2007), Before the Devil Knows You're Dead (2007), The Bourne Legacy (2012), and the James Bond film Skyfall (2012).\nA recipient of BAFTA , Golden Globe, Emmy and Screen Actors Guild awards, Finney was nominated for an Academy Award five times, as Best Actor four times, for Tom Jones (1963), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), The Dresser (1983), and Under the Volcano (1984), and as Best Supporting Actor for Erin Brockovich (2000). He received several awards for his performance as Winston Churchill in the 2002 BBC\u2013HBO television biographical film The Gathering Storm.", "Q228943": "Mary Elle Fanning (born April 9, 1998) is an American actress. She is best known for her recent works in a number of independent films and her portrayal as Aurora in the Maleficent film series. As the younger sister of actress Dakota Fanning, she made her film debut as the younger version of her sister's character in the drama film I Am Sam (2001). As a child actress, she appeared in a string of films including Because of Winn-Dixie (2005), Babel (2006), Phoebe in Wonderland (2008), and Somewhere (2010).\nFanning's breakthrough came in 2011 with her starring role in J. J. Abrams' science-fiction film Super 8, for which her performance was praised by critics and earned her a Spotlight Award at the Hollywood Film Festival. In the wake of this success, she had leading roles in the films We Bought a Zoo (2011) and Ginger & Rosa (2012). She portrayed Princess Aurora in Maleficent (2014) and Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019).\nIn recent years, she has made a transition into independent cinema working with film auteurs in lead and supporting roles in films such as Nicholas Winding Refn's The Neon Demon (2016), Mike Mills' 20th Century Women (2016), Sofia Coppola's The Beguiled (2017), John Cameron Mitchell's How to Talk to Girls at Parties (2017), Woody Allen's A Rainy Day in New York (2019), and Sally Potter's The Roads Not Taken (2020).\nIn 2019, Fanning became the youngest person to serve as a jury member at the Cannes Film Festival.", "Q2075365": "The University of Puerto Rico (in Spanish, Universidad de Puerto Rico, or UPR) is the main public university system of Puerto Rico and a government-owned corporation of Puerto Rico. The institution consists of 11 campuses and has approximately 58,000 students and 5,300 faculty members. UPR has the largest and most diverse academic offerings in Puerto Rico, with 472 academic programs of which 32 lead to a doctorate.", "Q271836": "In\u00e9s Efron (born May 9, 1984 in Mexico City) is an Argentine actress.", "Q206466": "Mahalia Jackson ( m\u0259-HAY-lee-\u0259; October 26, 1911 \u2013 January 27, 1972) was an American gospel singer. Possessing a contralto voice, she was referred to as \"The Queen of Gospel\". She became one of the most influential gospel singers in the world and was heralded internationally as a singer and civil rights activist. She was described by entertainer Harry Belafonte as \"the single most powerful black woman in the United States\". She recorded about 30 albums (mostly for Columbia Records) during her career, and her 45 rpm records included a dozen \"golds\"\u2014million-sellers.\n\"I sing God's music because it makes me feel free\", Jackson once said about her choice of gospel, adding, \"It gives me hope. With the blues, when you finish, you still have the blues.\"", "Q1346521": "William Edward Ayrton, FRS (14 September 1847 \u2013 8 November 1908) was an English physicist and electrical engineer.", "Q3169317": "Jean-Pierre Garnier (born 31 October 1947) is a French businessman, and a former Chief Executive of GlaxoSmithKline.", "Q90334": "Bruno Dallansky (19 September 1928 \u2013 5 August 2008) was an Austrian actor who was best known for his roles on television and stage.\nIn addition to his film and stage appearances, Dallansky taught acting at the Max Reinhardt Seminar in Vienna from 1965 until 1990. He also headed the Otto Falckenberg School in Munich, Germany from 1979 until 1983.\nDallansky was married to actress Judith Holzmeister from 1955 until 1961 and the couple had one child. Dallansky and Holzmeister separated in 1961, but never divorced. Holzmeister died on 23 June 2008. Dallansky died a few weeks later in Vienna (5 August 2008).", "Q87648": "Sebastian Edathy (German pronunciation: [e\u02c8da\u02d0ti]; born 5 September 1969 as Sebastian Edathiparambil) is a former German politician. He is a prominent member of the Social Democratic Party and became the chairman of a key committee in January 2012 at the Parliament, which was investigating failures of police and intelligence units in the serial murders of nine immigrants by the far-right German terrorist group \u2033National Socialist Underground\u2033 (NSU) from 2000\u20132007. The NSU committee questioned various officials from Germany\u2019s Federal Criminal Police Office during 2012 and 2013. \nHis alleged possession of child porn material sparked the Edathy-Aff\u00e4re.\n\n", "Q967886": "Georgy Arkadyevich Arbatov (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432, 19 May 1923, Kherson \u2013 1 October 2010, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian political scientist who served as an adviser to five General Secretaries of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and was best known in the West during the Cold War era as a representative for the policies of the Soviet Union in the United States, where his fluent English helped make him a frequent guest on American television. He was the founding Director and later Emeritus Director of the Institute of USA and Canada of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (ISKRAN), the Soviet and Russian think tank for the study of USA and Canada.", "Q98768": "Andreas Jung (born 13 May 1973) is a German politician. Born in Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, he represents the CDU. Andreas Jung has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg since 2005.", "Q202600": "Richard Paul Kiley (March 31, 1922 \u2013 March 5, 1999) was an American stage, television, and film actor. He is best known for his distinguished theatrical career in which he twice won the Tony Award for Best Actor In A Musical. Kiley created the role of Don Quixote in the original 1965 production of the Broadway musical Man of La Mancha and was the first to sing and record \"The Impossible Dream\", the hit song from the show. In the 1953 hit musical Kismet, he played the Caliph and was one of the quartet introducing the song \"And This Is My Beloved\". Additionally, he won three Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards during his 50-year career and his \"sonorous baritone\" was also featured in the narration of a number of documentaries and other films. At the time of his death, Kiley was described as \"one of theater's most distinguished and versatile actors\" and as \"an indispensable actor, the kind of performer who could be called on to play kings and commoners and a diversity of characters in between.\"", "Q495041": "Andrea Scotti (born 27 August 1931) is an Italian film and television actor.\n\n", "Q966540": "The New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development (commonly referred to as Steinhardt) is the secondary liberal arts and education school of New York University. It is one of the only schools in the world of its type. \nFounded in 1890, it is the first school of pedagogy to be established at an American university. Prior to 2001, it was known as the NYU School of Education.\nLocated on NYU's founding campus in Greenwich Village, the Steinhardt School offers bachelor's, master's, advanced certificate, and doctoral programs in the fields of applied psychology, art, education, health, media, and music. NYU Steinhardt also offers several degree programs at NYU's Brooklyn campus.", "Q32795": "Alan Graham Carr (born 14 June 1976) is an English comedian and television personality.\nCarr was born in Weymouth, Dorset, and spent most of his childhood in Northampton before moving to Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester, where he began his comedy career. Carr's breakthrough was in 2001, winning the City Life Best Newcomer of the Year and the BBC New Comedy Awards. In the ensuing years, his career burgeoned on the Manchester comedy circuit before he became well known for hosting The Friday Night Project with Justin Lee Collins. This led to the release of a short-lived entertainment show Alan Carr's Celebrity Ding Dong in 2008 and, eventually, his popular comedy chat show Alan Carr: Chatty Man, which aired on Channel 4 between 2009 and 2016. Carr often stands in as a team captain on 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown.\nCarr also hosted a radio show, Going Out with Alan Carr, on BBC Radio 2 between 2009 and 2012 as well as releasing his autobiography Look Who It Is! (2008) and going on three arena tours: Tooth Fairy Live (2007), Spexy Beast Live (2011) and Yap, Yap, Yap! (2015). In 2019, Carr became a judge on RuPaul's Drag Race UK.\nCarr has won two British Comedy Awards, two National Television Awards and a BAFTA TV Award.", "Q157691": "Edward Ellice the Elder (27 September 1783 \u2013 17 September 1863), known in his time as the \"Bear\", was a British merchant and politician. He was a Director of the Hudson's Bay Company and a prime mover behind the Reform Bill of 1832.", "Q440668": "Jane Marie Genevieve Wiedlin (born May 20, 1958) is an American musician, singer-songwriter, and actress best known as the rhythm guitarist and backing vocalist of the new wave band, the Go-Go's. Wiedlin has also had a solo musical career.", "Q1344336": "Robert Gerald Mondavi (June 18, 1913 \u2013 May 16, 2008) was a leading American vineyard operator whose technical improvements and marketing strategies brought worldwide recognition for the wines of the Napa Valley in California. From an early period, Mondavi aggressively promoted labeling wines varietally rather than generically. This is now the standard for New World wines. The Robert Mondavi Institute (RMI) for Wine and Food Science at the University of California, Davis opened in October 2008 in his honor.", "Q74918": "Alice Dixon Le Plongeon (1851\u20131910) was an English photographer, amateur archeologist, traveller, and author. She was one of the first people to excavate and study the ancient Maya sites of Chic\u00e9n Itz\u00e1 and Uxmal.", "Q190494": "The Friedrichsfelde Central Cemetery (German: Zentralfriedhof Friedrichsfelde), also known as the Memorial to the Socialists (German: Gedenkst\u00e4tte der Sozialisten), is a cemetery in the borough of Lichtenberg in Berlin. When the cemetery was founded in 1881 it was called the Freidrichsfelde Municipal Cemetery Berlin (German: Berliner Gemeindefriedhof Friedrichsfelde). In 1919, with the burial of Wilhelm Liebknecht, founder of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), the cemetery became the resting place for many of the leaders and activists of Germany's social democratic, socialist and communist movements. In 1919, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, co-founders of the Communist Party of Germany, were buried there. The division of Berlin following the Second World War caused the cemetery to be within the borders of East Berlin, where it was used to bury East German (GDR) leaders, such as Walter Ulbricht and Wilhelm Pieck, the first President of the GDR.\nArchitect and future Bauhaus director Ludwig Mies van der Rohe designed in 1926 a 12 m (39 ft) wide and 6 m (20 ft) high red brick Monument to the Revolution which the national socialists destroyed in 1935. This was replaced in 1951 by the present memorial, the \"Memorial to the Socialists\". This consists of a central porphyry stele or obelisk with the words Die Toten mahnen uns (The dead remind us) surrounded by a semi-circular wall into which are set gravestones and urns. Surrounding the central stone are 10 graves commemorating foremost socialist leaders, namely: Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, Ernst Th\u00e4lmann, Wilhelm Pieck, Walter Ulbricht, Franz Mehring, John Schehr, Rudolf Breitscheid, Franz K\u00fcnstler (politician), and Otto Grotewohl.\nOn one part of the surrounding wall is a set of large tablets recording the names of 327 men and women who gave their lives in the cause of fighting Fascism between 1933 and 1945. Included in the list are Hans Coppi, Hilde Coppi, Heinrich Koenen, Arvid Harnack, Harro Schulze-Boysen, John Sieg, and Ilse St\u00f6be.", "Q4792417": "Jane Arliss Sturgulewski (n\u00e9e Wright; born September 27, 1927) is a retired businesswoman and Republican politician from the U.S. state of Alaska. In a political career in which she started appearing in the spotlight in 1975, she represented Anchorage in the Alaska Senate from 1979 to 1993. Twice during off-years in re-election to her four-year Senate term (in 1986 and 1990), she won the Republican nomination for governor of Alaska against mostly conservative opposition in blanket primaries. The second time, in 1990, she came out in third place behind Walter Hickel and runner up Tony Knowles, which was the second of three times in Alaska's history a major-party nominee placed third. She won a 2000 Anchorage Athena award.\n\n", "Q105699": "Prince Heinrich LXIII Reuss of K\u00f6stritz (18 June 1786, Berlin \u2013 27 September 1841, Stonsdorf) was a member of the House of Reuss.", "Q174060": "Elaz\u0131\u011f (Turkish pronunciation: [e\u02c8laz\u026f\u02d0], Kurdish: Elez\u00eez/Xarp\u00eat\u200e), formerly Mamuret\u00fclaziz, is a city in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, and the administrative centre of Elaz\u0131\u011f Province. It is located in the uppermost Euphrates valley. The plain on which the city extends has an altitude of 1,067 metres (3,501 ft). Elaz\u0131\u011f resembles an inland peninsula surrounded by the natural Lake Hazar and reservoirs of Keban Dam, Karakaya Dam, K\u0131ralk\u0131z\u0131 and \u00d6zl\u00fcce.Elaz\u0131\u011f was initially developed in 1834 as an extension of the historic city of Harput, which was situated on a hill and difficult to access in winter.", "Q95264": "Hans Hinkel (22 June 1901 in Worms, Grand Duchy of Hesse \u2013 8 February 1960 in G\u00f6ttingen) was a German journalist and ministerial official in Nazi Germany. He studied at the University of Bonn, where he was a member of the academic fencing fraternity Sugambria. Hinkel had served in the Freikorps and joined the NSDAP in 1921. From 1930 to 1932 he was the editor of the V\u00f6lkischer Beobachter in Berlin. After the Nazis seized power in 1933, he became Reich Organization Leader of the Militant League for German Culture (Kampfbund f\u00fcr Deutsche Kultur or KfdK) and manager of the Reich Culture Chamber (Reichskulturkammer).\nFrom 1935, Hinkel was responsible as a special commissioner for \"cultural particulars\" at the Reich Ministry for the People's Enlightenment and Propaganda. In this function, Hinkel, an SS officer and member of the Blood Order, was responsible for Anti-Semitic issues and particularly for the removal of Jews (\"Entjudung\") from cultural undertakings. Hans Hinkel was, for instance, the driving force behind the pressure brought to bear on the popular actor Joachim Gottschalk to get him to separate from his Jewish wife. In late 1942, Hans Hinkel took over the leadership of the film department at the Reich Ministry for the People's Enlightenment and Propaganda.\nHinkel also organized test screenings of films before propaganda experts, institutions, and authorities. Testing propaganda films for their effectiveness was an ongoing business. Since Anti-Semitic film propaganda touched on one of National Socialism's core issues, these test screenings served at the same time as a way to commit the whole propaganda apparatus to a common, radical line. As Reich Culture Governor, Hinkel's work consisted of, among other things, approving events staged by the Cultural Federation of German Jews (Kulturbund Deutscher Juden) on a case-by-case basis. Hinkel thereby saw to it that this Federation was sealed off from non-Jewish artists' contributions. The Federation was dissolved in 1942.\nIn March 1944, Hans Hinkel was appointed National Film Superintendent (Reichsfilmintendant). In this capacity he took steps to ensure that during the final phase of the war more half of the members of the German feature industry fulfilled their duty to serve in the German army and the militia (Volkssturm). In 1945 he was interned by the Allies and in 1947 he was handed over to Poland to face charges for his involvement in theft of Polish cultural properties. After the deportation from Poland into the Federal Republic of Germany 1952 Hinkel was never held responsible for his acts. Hinkel's works, published under the titles Manual of the National Cultural Chamber and Jew Quarter of Europe were placed in the Soviet zone of occupation on the list of prohibited literature.", "Q41753": "Klagenfurt am W\u00f6rthersee (German: [\u02cckla\u02d0\u0261n\u0329f\u028a\u0281t \u0294am \u02c8v\u0153\u0281t\u0250ze\u02d0] (listen); Austro-Bavarian: Klognfurt; Slovene: Celovec ob Vrbskem jezeru; Italian: Clanforte; Friulian: Clanfurt), usually known as just Klagenfurt (English: KLAH-g\u0259n-foort), is the capital of the federal state of Carinthia in Austria. With a population of 101,403 (1 January 2020), it is the sixth-largest city in the country. The city is the bishop's seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt and home to the University of Klagenfurt, the Carinthian University of Applied Sciences and the Gustav Mahler University of Music.", "Q248047": "Alexandre Biyidi Awala (30 June 1932 \u2013 8 October 2001), known as Mongo Beti or Eza Boto, was a Cameroonian writer.Beti spent much of his life in France, studying at the Sorbonne and becoming a professor at Lyc\u00e9e Pierre Corneille.", "Q71848": "Jakob Wimpfeling (25 July 1450 \u2013 17 November 1528) was a Renaissance humanist and theologian.", "Q57131": "Hans-Ulrich Rudel (2 July 1916 \u2013 18 December 1982) was a German ground-attack pilot during World War II. Rudel was the most decorated German serviceman of World War II, being the sole recipient of the Knight's Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds in January 1945. Post-war, he was a prominent neo-Nazi activist in Latin America and West Germany.\nDuring the war, Rudel was credited with the destruction of 519 tanks, as well as one battleship, one cruiser, 70 landing craft and 150 artillery emplacements. He claimed 51 aerial victories (earning flying ace status) and the destruction of more than 800 vehicles of all types. He flew 2,530 ground-attack missions exclusively on the Eastern Front, usually flying the Junkers Ju 87 \"Stuka\" dive bomber.Rudel surrendered to US forces on 8 May 1945 and emigrated to Argentina in 1948. A committed and unrepentant National Socialist, he founded the \"Kameradenwerk\", a relief organization for Nazi refugees that helped fugitives escape to Latin America and the Middle East. Together with Willem Sassen, Rudel helped shelter Josef Mengele, the notorious former SS doctor at Auschwitz. He worked as an arms dealer and a military advisor to the regimes of Juan Per\u00f3n in Argentina, of Augusto Pinochet in Chile, and of Alfredo Stroessner in Paraguay. Due to these activities, he was placed under observation by the US Central Intelligence Agency.\nIn the West German federal election of 1953, Rudel, who had returned to West Germany, was the top candidate for the far-right German Reich Party but was not elected to the Bundestag. Following the Revoluci\u00f3n Libertadora in 1955, the uprising that ended the second presidential term of Per\u00f3n, Rudel moved to Paraguay, where he acted as a foreign representative for several German companies. In 1977, he became a spokesman for the German People's Union, a neo-Nazi political party founded by the extremist politician Gerhard Frey. Rudel died in West Germany in 1982.", "Q531913": "Aaron Tyler (born May 22, 1971), better known by his stage name MC Eiht (pronounced MC eight), is an American rapper and actor. Many of his songs are based on his life in Compton. His stage name was partly inspired by the numeral in KRS-One's name. He chose Eiht for its links to \"hood culture\", including Olde English 800 (8 Ball) and .38 caliber firearms. He is the de facto leader of West Coast hip hop group Compton's Most Wanted, which also included fellow Compton-based rappers Boom Bam, Tha Chill, DJ Mike T, DJ Slip and Ant Capone. He is also known for his role as A-Wax in the 1993 film Menace II Society, as well as voicing the character Ryder in the 2004 video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas.", "Q58202": "The July Monarchy (French: Monarchie de juillet, officially the Kingdom of France, French: Royaume de France) was a liberal constitutional monarchy in France under Louis Philippe I, starting with the July Revolution of 1830 and ending with the Revolution of 1848. It marks the end of the Bourbon Restoration (1814\u20131830). It began with the overthrow of the conservative government of Charles X, the last king of the House of Bourbon.\nLouis Philippe, a member of the more liberal Orl\u00e9ans branch of the House of Bourbon, proclaimed himself as Roi des Fran\u00e7ais (\"King of the French\") rather than \"King of France\", emphasizing the popular origins of his reign. The king promised to follow the \"juste milieu\", or the middle-of-the-road, avoiding the extremes of either the conservative supporters of Charles X and radicals on the left.\nThe July Monarchy was dominated by wealthy bourgeoisie and numerous former Napoleonic officials. It followed conservative policies, especially under the influence (1840\u201348) of Fran\u00e7ois Guizot. The king promoted friendship with Great Britain and sponsored colonial expansion, notably the French conquest of Algeria. By 1848, a year in which many European states had a revolution, the king's popularity had collapsed, and he was overthrown.", "Q518359": "William Harrison Ainsworth (4 February 1805 \u2013 3 January 1882) was an English historical novelist born at King Street in Manchester. He trained as a lawyer, but the legal profession held no attraction for him. While completing his legal studies in London he met the publisher John Ebers, at that time manager of the King's Theatre, Haymarket. Ebers introduced Ainsworth to literary and dramatic circles, and to his daughter, who became Ainsworth's wife.\nAinsworth briefly tried the publishing business, but soon gave it up and devoted himself to journalism and literature. His first success as a writer came with Rookwood in 1834, which features Dick Turpin as its leading character. A stream of 39 novels followed, the last of which appeared in 1881. Ainsworth died in Reigate on 3 January 1882, and was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.", "Q362876": "Shawn Caminiti Pyfrom (born August 16, 1986) is an American actor and singer, who has appeared in several television series and films, and is best known for his portrayal of Andrew Van de Kamp on ABC's Desperate Housewives, and as Lionel Griff in Playhouse Disney's Stanley.", "Q3335": "Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 \u2013 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist and essayist, journalist and critic. His work is characterised by lucid prose, biting social criticism, opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism.As a writer, Orwell produced literary criticism and poetry, fiction and polemical journalism; and is best known for the allegorical novella Animal Farm (1945) and the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). His non-fiction works, including The Road to Wigan Pier (1937), documenting his experience of working-class life in the north of England, and Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his experiences soldiering for the Republican faction of the Spanish Civil War (1936\u20131939), are as critically respected as his essays on politics and literature, language and culture. In 2008, The Times ranked George Orwell second among \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\".Orwell's work remains influential in popular culture and in political culture, and the adjective \"Orwellian\"\u2014describing totalitarian and authoritarian social practices\u2014is part of the English language, like many of his neologisms, such as \"Big Brother\", \"Thought Police\", \"Two Minutes Hate\", \"Room 101\", \"memory hole\", \"Newspeak\", \"doublethink\", \"proles\", \"unperson\", and \"thoughtcrime\".", "Q123138": "Johannes Itten (11 November 1888 \u2013 25 March 1967) was a Swiss expressionist painter, designer, teacher, writer and theorist associated with the Bauhaus (Staatliches Bauhaus) school. Together with German-American painter Lyonel Feininger and German sculptor Gerhard Marcks, under the direction of German architect Walter Gropius, Itten was part of the core of the Weimar Bauhaus.\nLife and work\nHe was born in S\u00fcdern-Linden, Switzerland. From 1904 to 1908 he trained as an elementary school teacher. Beginning in 1908 he taught using methods developed by the creator of the kindergarten concept, Friedrich Fr\u00f6bel, and was exposed to the ideas of psychoanalysis. In 1909 he enrolled at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in Geneva but was unimpressed with the educators there, and returned to Bern. Itten's studies at the Bern-Hofwil Teachers' Academy with Ernst Schneider proved seminal for his later work as a master at the Bauhaus. Itten adopted principles espoused by Schneider, including the practice of not correcting his students' creative work on an individual basis, for fear that this would crush the creative impulse. Rather, he selected certain common mistakes to correct for the class as a whole. In 1912, he returned to Geneva, where he studied under Eug\u00e8ne Gilliard, an abstract painter.\nHe was heavily influenced by Adolf H\u00f6lzel and Franz Ci\u017eek. Itten opened a private art school in Vienna, using the work and textbook of Eug\u00e8ne Gilliard as a base. From H\u00f6lzel, Itten adopted a series of basic shapes (the line, the plane, the circle, the spiral) as a means from which to begin creation, and the use of gymnastic exercises to relax his students and prepare them for the experiences that were to occur in the class.\n\nFrom 1919 to 1922, Itten taught at the Bauhaus, developing the innovative \"preliminary course\" which was to teach students the basics of material characteristics, composition, and color. \"Itten theorized seven types of color contrast and devised exercises to teach them. His color contrasts include[d] (1) contrast by hue, (2) contrast by value, (3) contrast by temperature, (4) contrast by complements (neutralization), (5) simultaneous contrast (from Chevreuil), (6) contrast by saturation (mixtures with gray), and (7) contrast by extension (from Goethe).\"In 1919 he invited Gertrud Grunow, to teach a course on the \"theory of harmony\" at the Bauhaus. This involved using music and relaxation techniques with the aim of improving the students' creativity.In 1920 Itten invited Paul Klee and Georg Muche to join him at the Bauhaus. He published a book, The Art of Color, which describes his ideas as a furthering of Adolf H\u00f6lzel's color wheel. Itten's so called \"color sphere\" went on to include 12 colors. \nIn 1924, Itten established the Ontos Weaving Workshops near Zurich, with the help of Bauhaus weaver Gunta St\u00f6lzl.\nItten was a follower of Mazdaznan, a fire cult originating in the United States that was largely derived from Zoroastrianism. He observed a strict vegetarian diet and practiced meditation as a means to develop inner understanding and intuition, which was for him the principal source of artistic inspiration and practice. Itten's mysticism and the reverence in which he was held by a group of the students, some of whom converted to Mazdaznan (e.g. Georg Muche), created conflict with Walter Gropius who wanted to move the school in a direction that embraced mass production rather than solely individual artistic expression. The rift led to Itten's resignation from the Bauhaus and his prompt replacement by L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Moholy-Nagy in 1923. From 1926 to 1934 he had a small art and architecture school in Berlin, in which Ernst Neufert, the former chief-architect of Walter Gropius at the Bauhaus, taught as well from 1932 to 1934.\nItten's works exploring the use and composition of color resemble the square op art canvases of artists such as Josef Albers, Max Bill and Bridget Riley, and the expressionist works of Wassily Kandinsky.\n\n1926\u20131934 Private art school in Berlin\n1932\u20131938 Director of the Textilfachschule in Krefeld\n1938\u20131954 Director at the Kunstgewerbeschule Z\u00fcrich\n1943\u20131960 Director of the Textilfachschule in Z\u00fcrich\n1949\u20131956 Director of the Museum Rietberg, Z\u00fcrich, a museum for non-European art\n1955 works as freelance painter\n1955 colour courses at the HfG Ulm (Hochschule f\u00fcr Gestaltung Ulm)", "Q510705": "Anouchka van Miltenburg (born 20 April 1967) is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). She was the Speaker of the House of Representatives from 25 September 2012 until 12 December 2015 and served as a member of the House of Representatives between 30 January 2003 and 23 March 2017.", "Q1580661": "Marc Secara (born 20 February 1976), is a German singer and recording artist known for jazz, American pop music, and German popular repertoire. He is also a member of the German singing group the Berlin Voices.", "Q297425": "Alvin Toffler (October 4, 1928 \u2013 June 27, 2016) was an American writer, futurist, and businessman known for his works discussing modern technologies, including the digital revolution and the communication revolution, with emphasis on their effects on cultures worldwide. He is regarded as one of the world's outstanding futurists.Toffler was an associate editor of Fortune magazine. In his early works he focused on technology and its impact, which he termed \"information overload.\" In 1970 his first major book about the future, Future Shock, became a worldwide best-seller and has sold over 6 million copies.\nHe and his wife Heidi Toffler, who collaborated with him for most of his writings, moved on to examining the reaction to changes in society with another best-selling book, The Third Wave in 1980. In it, he foresaw such technological advances as cloning, personal computers, the Internet, cable television and mobile communication. His later focus, via their other best-seller, Powershift, (1990), was on the increasing power of 21st-century military hardware and the proliferation of new technologies.\n\nHe founded Toffler Associates, a management consulting company, and was a visiting scholar at the Russell Sage Foundation, visiting professor at Cornell University, faculty member of the New School for Social Research, a White House correspondent, and a business consultant. Toffler's ideas and writings were a significant influence on the thinking of business and government leaders worldwide, including China's Zhao Ziyang, and AOL founder Steve Case.\n\n", "Q97473": "Patrick M\u00f6lleken (born 27 September 1993 in Haan) is a German actor, film producer, dubber and voice-over artist on radio dramas as well as on audiobooks.", "Q43144": "Sarah Louise Palin ( (listen); n\u00e9e Heath; born February 11, 1964) is an American politician, commentator, author, and reality television personality, who served as the ninth governor of Alaska from 2006 until her resignation in 2009. As the Republican Party nominee for Vice President of the United States in the 2008 election alongside presidential nominee, Arizona Senator John McCain, she was the first Alaskan on the national ticket of a major political party, the first Republican female selected as a vice presidential candidate, and the second female vice presidential candidate representing a major American political party overall after Geraldine Ferraro. Her book Going Rogue has sold more than two million copies.\nShe was elected to the Wasilla city council in 1992 and became mayor of Wasilla in 1996. In 2003, after an unsuccessful run for lieutenant governor, she was appointed chair of the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, responsible for overseeing the state's oil and gas fields for safety and efficiency. In 2006, she became the youngest person and the first woman to be elected Governor of Alaska.Since her resignation as governor, she has endorsed and campaigned for the Tea Party movement as well as several candidates in multiple election cycles, prominently including Donald Trump for president in 2016. From 2010 to 2015, she provided political commentary for Fox News. She hosted TLC's Sarah Palin's Alaska in 2010\u201311, and Amazing America with Sarah Palin on the Sportsman Channel in 2014\u201315. On July 27, 2014, Palin launched an online news network called the Sarah Palin Channel, which was closed on July 4, 2015.", "Q202628": "Oldham is a town in Greater Manchester Lancashire , England, amid the Pennines and between the rivers Irk and Medlock, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) southeast of Rochdale and 6.9 miles (11.1 km) northeast of Manchester. It is the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, which had a population of 230,800 in 2015.\nHistorically in Lancashire, and with little early history to speak of, Oldham rose to prominence in the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and among the first ever industrialised towns, rapidly becoming \"one of the most important centres of cotton and textile industries in England\". At its zenith, it was the most productive cotton spinning mill town in the world, producing more cotton than France and Germany combined. Oldham's textile industry fell into decline in the mid-20th century; the town's last mill closed in 1998.\nThe demise of textile processing in Oldham depressed and heavily affected the local economy. Today Oldham is a predominantly residential town, and the improvement of the town centre is the focus of a project for transforming Oldham into a centre for further education and the performing arts. It is, however, still distinguished architecturally by the surviving cotton mills and other buildings associated with that industry. As of 2001, the town had a population of 103,544 and an area of around 26 square miles (67 km2).", "Q159694": "Christian Dior (French: [k\u0281istj\u0251\u0303 dj\u0254\u0281]; 21 January 1905 \u2013 23 October 1957) was a French fashion designer, best known as the founder of one of the world's top fashion houses, also called Christian Dior, which is now owned by Groupe Arnault. His fashion houses are now all around the world.", "Q440640": "Daisy Tahan is an American actress best known for her role as Samantha Focker in Little Fockers. Tahan also originated the role of Fiona Peyton in the Showtime series Nurse Jackie. Daisy, the younger sister of actor Charlie Tahan, lives in Glen Rock, New Jersey.", "Q32965": "Jacquin Desiree Strouss Lucena (born 22 February 1953) is the wife of the 29th President of Colombia, Ernesto Samper Pizano, and served as First Lady of Colombia from 1994 to 1998.", "Q1522": "New Mexico (Spanish: Nuevo M\u00e9xico Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8nwe\u03b2o \u02c8mexiko] (listen), Navajo: Yoot\u00f3 Hahoodzo pronounced [j\u00f2\u02d0tx\u00f3 x\u0251\u0300x\u02b7\u00f2\u02d0ts\u00f2]) is a state in the Southwestern region of the United States of America; its capital is Santa Fe, which was founded in 1610 as capital of Nuevo M\u00e9xico (itself established as a province of New Spain in 1598), while its largest city is Albuquerque with its accompanying metropolitan area. It is one of the Mountain States and shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. New Mexico is also bordered by the state of Texas to the east-southeast, Oklahoma to the northeast, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua to the south and Sonora to the southwest. With an estimated population of 2,096,829 as of the July 1, 2019, U.S. Census Bureau estimate, New Mexico is the 36th largest state by population. With a total area of 121,590 sq mi (314,900 km2), it is the fifth-largest and sixth-least densely populated of the 50 states. Due to their geographic locations, northern and eastern New Mexico exhibit a colder, alpine climate, while western and southern New Mexico exhibit a warmer, arid climate.\nThe economy of New Mexico is dependent on oil drilling, mineral extraction, dryland farming, cattle ranching, lumber milling, and retail trade. As of 2018, its total gross domestic product (GDP) was $101 billion with a GDP per capita of $45,465. New Mexico's status as a tax haven yields low to moderate personal income taxes on residents and military personnel, and gives tax credits and exemptions to favorable industries. Because of this, its film industry has grown and contributed $1.23 billion to its overall economy. Due to its large area and economic climate, New Mexico has a large U.S. military presence marked notably with the White Sands Missile Range. Various U.S. national security agencies base their research and testing arms in New Mexico such as the Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories. During the 1940s, Project Y of the Manhattan Project developed and built the country's first atomic bomb and nuclear test, Trinity.\nInhabited by Native Americans for many thousands of years before European exploration, it was colonized by the Spanish in 1598 as part of the Imperial Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain. In 1563, it was named Nuevo M\u00e9xico after the Aztec Valley of Mexico by Spanish settlers, more than 250 years before the establishment and naming of the present-day country of Mexico; thus, the present-day state of New Mexico was not named after the country today known as Mexico. After Mexican independence in 1821, New Mexico became a Mexican territory with considerable autonomy. This autonomy was threatened, however, by the centralizing tendencies of the Mexican government from the 1830s onward, with rising tensions eventually leading to the Revolt of 1837. At the same time, the region became more economically dependent on the United States. At the conclusion of the Mexican\u2013American War in 1848, the United States annexed New Mexico as the U.S. New Mexico Territory. It was admitted to the Union as the 47th state on January 6, 1912.\n\nIts history has given New Mexico the highest percentage of Hispanic and Latino Americans, and the second-highest percentage of Native Americans as a population proportion (after Alaska). New Mexico is home to part of the Navajo Nation, 19 federally recognized Pueblo communities of Puebloan peoples, and three different federally recognized Apache tribes. In prehistoric times, the area was home to Ancestral Puebloans, Mogollon, and the modern extant Comanche and Utes inhabited the state. The largest Hispanic and Latino groups represented include the Hispanos of New Mexico, Chicanos, and Mexicans. The New Mexican flag features the state's Spanish origins with the same scarlet and gold coloration as Spain's Cross of Burgundy, along with the ancient sun symbol of the Zia, a Puebloan tribe. These indigenous, Hispanic, Mexican, Latin, and American frontier roots are reflected in the eponymous New Mexican cuisine and the New Mexico music genre.", "Q4993338": "Ezra Buzzington is an American character actor for film and TV.", "Q101399": "Julius Urgi\u00df (6 August 1873 in Anklam \u2013 12 March 1948 in New York City) was a German-Jewish screenwriter, musician, and film critic.\nHe began his career as the author of various literary contributions. He worked as a senior journalist at the Berlin film journal Der Kinematograph, writing film reviews. He wrote a biography of the silent-film star Henny Porten.\nIn 1918, he began his career as a screenwriter. For seven years from 1919, he collaborated with Max Jungk, and in 1928 he worked with Frederick Raff. Urgiss provided material for comedies, dramas, historical materials and literary adaptations. After the Nazis came to power in 1933, he emigrated from Germany and lived in New York until his death in 1948.\nHe was married to the German soprano Gerty Lewin (1879-1927). They had one daughter, Eva Agathe Urgiss (1911-1999), who married Albert Einstein's biographer and former step-son-in-law, Dr. Rudolf Kayser.", "Q450335": "Antonio Mu\u00f1oz Molina (born 10 January 1956) is a Spanish writer and, since 8 June 1995, a full member of the Royal Spanish Academy. In 2013 he received the Prince of Asturias Award for literature.\n\n", "Q184387": "The Norway national football team (Norwegian: Norges herrelandslag i fotball, or informally Landslaget) represents Norway in men's international football and is controlled by the Norwegian Football Federation, the governing body for football in Norway. Norway's home ground is Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo and their head coach is Lars Lagerb\u00e4ck. In February 2019, they were ranked by FIFA at No. 48., Norway has participated three times in the FIFA World Cup (1938, 1994, 1998), and once in the UEFA European Championship (2000).\nNorway is, along with Senegal, the only national team that remains unbeaten in all matches against Brazil. In four matches, Norway has a play record against Brazil of 2 wins and 2 draws, in three friendlies matches (in 1988, 1997 and 2006) and a 1998 World Cup group stage match.", "Q505308": "Manuel Antonio Caballero Ag\u00fcero (5 December 1931 \u2013 12 December 2010) was a notable Venezuelan historian, journalist, best-selling author and professor of contemporary Venezuelan History at the Central University of Venezuela.\nCaballero was born in Barquisimeto, studied History at the Central University of Venezuela and obtained a PhD at University College London. With the publication of his PhD dissertation he became the first Venezuelan author to be published by Cambridge University Press. In 1989 he was invited to teach at Universit\u00e1 degli Studi di Napoli in Italy. He received the National Award on Journalism (Premio Nacional de Periodismo) and the National History Award (Premio Nacional de Historia, 1994) and in 2005 he was elected as a member of the Academia Nacional de la Historia (or National Academy of History of Venezuela). He wrote regularly for Venezuelan newspapers El Nacional, El Diario de Caracas and most recently El Universal. Despite his past as a left-wing thinker and political activist, in particular against president R\u00f3mulo Betancourt, in his latter years he became one of the most vocal and vehement critics of president Hugo Ch\u00e1vez and his administration. He revised his perspective on President Betancourt in a biography written in 2004.\nOn 2010, he underwent a prostate surgery that triggered a series of infections unresponsive to antibiotics, further complicated by diabetes. He died on 12 December 2010.", "Q126726": "The Government College University, Lahore (colloquially known as GCU) is a public research university located in Lahore, Pakistan.\nEstablished in 1861 as the Government College, it opened its doors in 1864. After being elevated to a university status in 2002, it has advanced into one of the top ten largest institution in the Pakistan with student body of over 12,000. GCU has 32 academic departments, segregated into five faculties. There are five research centers, focused on academic and industrial research and development projects. The university secured its second place in the general category by the Higher Education Commission (Pakistan) (HEC) in 2013. It has the highest graduation rate in the country, with an average of 95.5% annually.GCU is noted for its historical roots and attracted notable scholars such as poet-philosopher Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Nobel laureates Har Gobind Khorana and Abdus Salam, former president of both the UN General Assembly and the International Court of Justice Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, scholar and novelist duo of Bano Qudsia and Ashfaq Ahmed and many more to study and become alumnus of the institute.", "Q601868": "Hayanari Shimoda (\u4e0b\u7530\u96bc\u6210; Shimoda Hayanari) (born July 16, 1984) is a Japanese race car driver, born in Tokyo.His career started in 1997 in karting, Shimoda moving up to Italian Formula Renault in 2001. Happy to travel the world to further his career, he raced part of the 2002 Japanese GT Series and fill-in races in both Formula Renault 2000 Eurocup and British Formula Renault.\nA full season in Formula Renault V6 Eurocup followed in 2003, as well as a part season in the World Sportscar Championship and one race in the American Le Mans Series. He stayed in the V6 Eurocup in 2004, and was also set to drive in the Le Mans Endurance Series before complications prevented him from doing so.\nShimoda was set to be the second driver for the SuperNova team in GP2 Series during 2005. However, at the last minute, he was replaced by Adam Carroll who will now partner ex-Jordan Grand Prix driver Giorgio Pantano.\nHe finished third in the Le Mans Endurance Series LMP1 championship for Zytek, winning the 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring.\nIn 2005 he won the Monterey Sports Car Championships, the final race of the season in the ALMS. He was partnered by Tom Chilton in a Zytek 04S LMP1 sports prototype.\nHe also represented Japan in the A1 Grand Prix series for the first time at Eastern Creek in November 2005, and was lucky to escape with only a concussion after a spectacular crash in which the engine separated from the chassis. He also occurred in another spectacular crash at the A1 Grand Prix round in Mexico. The cars were under a yellow flag when as they were coming onto the pit straight Shimoda's car was launched airborne after hitting the back of A1 Team New Zealand's car. Shimoda escaped unhurt.\nHe is currently racing in the World Series by Renault championship for the Victory Engineering team.", "Q245205": "The Thirteen Chairs (12 + 1 \u2013 original title and Italian release title) is a 1969 comedy film directed by Nicolas Gessner and Luciano Lucignani and starring Sharon Tate, Vittorio Gassman, Orson Welles, Vittorio De Sica, and Tim Brooke-Taylor. It was based on the 1928 satirical novel The Twelve Chairs by Soviet authors Ilf and Petrov, which has been adapted many times (including a 1970 version directed by Mel Brooks).", "Q1782964": "Publication of comic strips and comic books focusing on science fiction became increasingly common during the early 1930s in newspapers published in the United States. They have since spread to many countries around the world.", "Q881481": "The Frankfurt Main Cemetery (German: Hauptfriedhof) is the largest cemetery in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It was opened in 1828. The cemetery is located directly adjacent to two Jewish cemeteries, the Old Jewish Cemetery (opened together with the Main Cemetery in 1828) and the New Jewish Cemetery, Frankfurt (opened in 1928), and together they constitute one of the largest cemetery areas in Germany. The cemetery is noted for its many monumental graves, its garden architecture and as the site of the graves of many notable individuals.The Frankfurt Main Cemetery was planned as the replacement of St. Peter's Cemetery, which had been the main cemetery of the city since the 16th century. At the time, today's Main Cemetery was located outside of the city. The plans were met with resistance in the population. In particular, the still influential patrician families did not want to abandon their monumental family tombs at St. Peter's Cemetery. They only relented when larger monumental graves were also permitted on the new cemetery, contrary to the initial plan.", "Q441238": "Lone Frank (born Lone Frank Pedersen 1966 in \u00c5rhus) is a Danish science journalist, author and PhD in neurobiology. Since 1998 she has written for newspapers. She is also a commentator and lecturer and has worked in radio and television; including organized and participated in science series on television, talking about controversial issues such as heritability of IQ and race and intelligence. She received her master's degree in biology on a thesis about \"the transcriptional regulation of glutamate receptors in cerebral ischemia\" from Aarhus University in 1992.In September 2011 her book, My Beautiful Genome: Exposing Our Genetic Future, One Quirk at a Time was released to positive reviews. The book is based on a number of genetic-based tests, which aims to clarify the biological context of human personal development. It was also released in German, Norwegian and Dutch.", "Q262862": "Laura Ramsey (born November 14, 1982) is an American film and television actress. She is best known for her roles in films such as 2006's She's the Man, 2008's The Ruins, 2009's Middle Men, 2011's Kill the Irishman, and 2014's Are You Here.", "Q311126": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Hip\u00f3lito Figueres Ferrer (25 September 1906 \u2013 8 June 1990) served as President of Costa Rica on three occasions: 1948\u20131949, 1953\u20131958 and 1970\u20131974. During his first term in office he abolished the country's army, nationalized its banking sector, and granted women and Afro-Costa Ricans the right to vote, as well as access to Costa Rican nationality to people of African descent. He was a good friend of the Governor of Puerto Rico, Luis Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn, praising his political achievements in one of his essays.", "Q1839269": "Michel Hatzigeorgiou (born 1961) is a Belgian bass guitarist.\nHe was born in Belgium from Greek parents. He started playing bouzouki at the age of 9, then switched to electric guitar at 11 and finally to electric bass at 14. He joined his first band, the Blackbirds, as lead guitarist, when he was a student at Charleroi Technical University. In 1982, he attended the jazz seminar in Li\u00e8ge. At that time, he played with Jaco Pastorius (his main influence), Mike Stern, and Belgian jazzmen Toots Thielemans, Ivan Paduart, Steve Houben, Philip Catherine, and Pierre Van Dormael.\nHe was then involved in the De Kaai project and in Nasa Na Band, precursor of Aka Moon, the band he formed with Fabrizio Cassol and St\u00e9phane Galland. Hatzigeorgiou has been teaching at the Brussels conservatory since 1998.\nHis band Variations on A Love Supreme has released an album of the same name. He has also played in the Erwin Vann Group and Toots Thielemans Quartet.", "Q24861": "Albany ( (listen) AWL-b\u0259-nee) is the capital of the U.S. state of New York and the seat and largest city of Albany County. Albany is located on the west bank of the Hudson River approximately 10 miles (16 km) south of its confluence with the Mohawk River and approximately 135 miles (220 km) north of New York City.Albany is known for its rich history, commerce, culture, architecture, and institutions of higher education. Albany constitutes the economic and cultural core of the Capital District of New York State, which comprises the Albany\u2013Schenectady\u2013Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, including the nearby cities and suburbs of Troy, Schenectady, and Saratoga Springs. With a 2013 Census-estimated population of 1.1 million the Capital District is the third-most populous metropolitan region in the state. As of the 2010 census, the population of Albany was 97,856.\nThe area that later became Albany was settled by Dutch colonists who, in 1614, built Fort Nassau for fur trading and, in 1624, built Fort Orange. In 1664, the English took over the Dutch settlements, renaming the city as Albany, in honor of the then Duke of Albany, the future James II of England and James VII of Scotland. The city was officially chartered in 1686 under English rule. It became the capital of New York in 1797 following formation of the United States. Albany is one of the oldest surviving settlements of the original British thirteen colonies, and is the longest continuously chartered city in the United States.During the late 18th century and throughout most of the 19th, Albany was a center of trade and transportation. The city lies toward the north end of the navigable Hudson River, was the original eastern terminus of the Erie Canal connecting to the Great Lakes, and was home to some of the earliest railroad systems in the world. In the 1920s, a powerful political machine controlled by the Democratic Party arose in Albany. In the latter part of the 20th century, Albany experienced a decline in its population due to urban sprawl and suburbanization; however, the New York State Legislature approved a $234 million building and renovation plan for the City in the 1990s that spurred renovation and building projects around the downtown area. In the early 21st century, Albany has experienced growth in the high-technology industry, with great strides in the nanotechnology sector.", "Q138518": "Princeton is a municipality with a borough form of government in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States, that was established in its current form on January 1, 2013, through the consolidation of the now-defunct Borough of Princeton and Princeton Township. As of the 2010 United States Census, the municipality's population was 28,572, reflecting the former township's population of 16,265, along with the 12,307 in the former borough.Princeton was founded before the American Revolutionary War. It is the home of Princeton University, which bears its name and moved to the community in 1756 from its previous location in Newark. Although its association with the university is primarily what makes Princeton a college town, other important institutions in the area include the Institute for Advanced Study, Westminster Choir College, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton Theological Seminary, Opinion Research Corporation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Siemens Corporate Research, SRI International, FMC Corporation, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Amrep, Church and Dwight, Berlitz International, and Dow Jones & Company.\nPrinceton is roughly equidistant from New York City and Philadelphia. It is close to many major highways that serve both cities (e.g. Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1), and receives major television and radio broadcasts from each. It is also close to Trenton, New Jersey's capital city, and Edison.\nThe New Jersey governor's official residence has been in Princeton since 1945, when Morven in what was then Princeton Borough became the first Governor's mansion. It was later replaced by the larger Drumthwacket, a colonial mansion located in the former Township. Morven became a museum property of the New Jersey Historical Society.\nPrinceton was ranked 15th of the top 100 towns in the United States to Live and Work In by Money magazine in 2005.\nThroughout much of its history, the community was composed of two separate municipalities: a township and a borough. The central borough was completely surrounded by the township. The borough seceded from the township in 1894 in a dispute over school taxes; the two municipalities later formed the Princeton Public Schools, and some other public services were conducted together before they were reunited into a single Princeton in January 2013. Princeton Borough contained Nassau Street, the main commercial street, most of the University campus, and incorporated most of the urban area until the postwar suburbanization. The borough and township had roughly equal populations.", "Q231584": "Vanessa Marcil ( mar-SEL; born Vanessa Sally Ortiz; October 15, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for her television roles as Brenda Barrett on General Hospital, Gina Kincaid on Beverly Hills, 90210, and Sam Marquez on Las Vegas.", "Q463927": "Diner is a 1982 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Barry Levinson. It is Levinson's screen-directing debut, and the first of his tetralogy, \"Baltimore Films\", set in his hometown during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. Tin Men (1987), Avalon (1990), and Liberty Heights (1999) are the other three. It stars Steve Guttenberg, Daniel Stern, Mickey Rourke, Paul Reiser, Kevin Bacon, Timothy Daly and Ellen Barkin and was released on March 5, 1982.", "Q754": "The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago ( (listen), ) is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean. Consisting of the main islands Trinidad and Tobago, and numerous much smaller islands, it is situated 130 kilometres (81 miles) south of Grenada and 11 kilometres (6.8 miles) off the coast of northeastern Venezuela. It shares maritime boundaries with Barbados to the northeast, Grenada to the northwest, Guyana to the southeast, and Venezuela to the south and west.The island of Trinidad was inhabited for centuries by native Amerindian peoples before becoming a colony in the Spanish Empire, following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1498. Spanish governor Don Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Chac\u00f3n surrendered the island to a British fleet under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby in 1797. During the same period, the island of Tobago changed hands among Spanish, British, French, Dutch and Courlander colonisers more times than any other island in the Caribbean. Trinidad and Tobago were ceded to Britain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens as separate states and unified in 1889. Trinidad and Tobago obtained independence in 1962, becoming a republic in 1976.Trinidad and Tobago has the third highest GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) in the Americas after the United States and Canada. It is recognised by the World Bank as a high-income economy. Unlike most Caribbean nations and territories, which rely heavily on tourism, the Trinidadian economy is primarily industrial with an emphasis on petroleum and petrochemicals; much of the nation's wealth is derived from its large reserves of oil and natural gas.Trinidad and Tobago is well known for its African and Indian cultures, reflected in its large and famous Carnival, Diwali, and Hosay celebrations, as well being the birthplace of steelpan, the limbo, and music styles such as calypso, soca, rapso, parang, chutney, and chutney soca.", "Q172377": "Pope Hilarius (or Hilary) was the bishop of Rome from 19 November 461 to his death on 29 February 468.\nIn 449, Hilarius served as a legate for Pope Leo I at the Second Council of Ephesus. His opposition to the condemnation of Flavian of Constantinople incurred the enmity of Dioscurus of Alexandria, who attempted to prevent him from leaving the city. Hilarius was able to make his escape and returned to Rome by an indirect route. He later erected an oratory at the Lateran in honor of John the Evangelist, to whom he attributed his safe passage.\nMuch of his pontificate was spent in maintaining ecclesiastical discipline in conformity with canon law, and in settling jurisdictional disputes among the bishops of both Gaul and Spain.", "Q315340": "Matthew Staton Bomer (born October 11, 1977) is an American actor, producer, director and singer. He is the recipient of such accolades as a Golden Globe Award and has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award.\nIn 2000, he made his television debut on the long-running soap opera All My Children. Bomer graduated from Carnegie Mellon University with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 2001, soon after, he was a recurring guest on several television shows including Tru Calling.\nIn 2005 Bomer made his film debut in the mystery-thriller Flightplan, \nthen in 2007 gained recognition with his recurring role in the NBC television series Chuck. 2009 saw Bomer land then the lead role of con-artist and thief Neal Caffrey in the USA Network series White Collar with the series lasting to 2014. Bomer has featured in supporting roles in the 2011 science fiction thriller In Time, the 2012 comedy-drama Magic Mike and its 2015 sequel, the 2014 supernatural-drama Winter's Tale, and the 2016 neo-noir film The Nice Guys. In 2015, he won a Golden Globe Award and received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for playing a closeted writer of The New York Times in the drama television film The Normal Heart about the rise of the HIV-AIDS crisis in New York City. Bomer made a guest appearance on the fourth season of FX's horror anthology series American Horror Story. He was later upgraded to the main cast during the fifth season. In 2017 he received praise for his performances in the drama films Walking Out, Anything, and the 2018 comedy-drama Papi Chulo.\nOn stage, Bomer has starred in the Dustin Lance Black play 8 on Broadway, and at the Wilshire Ebell Theatre in Los Angeles as Jeff Zarrillo, a plaintiff in the federal case that overturned California's Proposition 8. Bomer is married to publicist Simon Halls.", "Q69961": "Muralto is a municipality in the district of Locarno, in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q57657": "Raila Amolo Odinga is a Kenyan politician who served as the Leader of the Opposition from 2013 - 14 Jan 2018. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Langata from 1992 to 2013. He served in the Cabinet of Kenya as Minister of Energy from 2001 to 2002, and as the Minister of Roads, Public Works and Housing from 2003 to 2005. Odinga was appointed High Representative for Infrastructure Development at the African Union Commission in 2018.\nHe was the main opposition candidate in the 2007 presidential election, running against incumbent Mwai Kibaki. In the subsequent presidential election 5 years later he placed second against Uhuru Kenyatta, garnering 5,340,546 votes, which represented 43.28% of the total votes cast. He made another run for the presidency in August 2017 against Uhuru Kenyatta and lost after the chairman of the electoral body declared Uhuru Kenyatta as the winner with 54% of the votes cast to Odinga's 43%. This outcome was eventually annulled by the Supreme Court following findings that the election was marred by \"illegalities and irregularities\".\nA subsequent fresh election ordered by the Court was won by Uhuru Kenyatta when Odinga declined to participate citing inadequate reforms to enable a fair process in the repeat poll.\nSon of the first Vice President of Kenya, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, he draws a large chunk of his support from various regions in Kenya, most notably the Coastal Region and his native former Nyanza Province. Odinga is commonly known as \"Baba\", coincidentally: he was an MP at the same time as his father between 1992 and 1994. Other nicknames that have been associated with the premier are such as \"Nyundo\" which is hammer in Kiswahili, \"Tinga\" which means tractor in Kiswahili a symbol of his National Development Party, NDP, \"Agwambo\" meaning a man who is unpredictable and 'BABA' which means the political father.\nOdinga first ran as a presidential contender in the 1997 elections, coming third after President Daniel arap Moi of KANU and Mwai Kibaki of the Democratic Party. He contested for President again in the December 2007 elections on an Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) ticket.\nIn readiness for that poll, on 1 September 2007, Odinga was picked as ODM's presidential nominee to face off with PNU's Kibaki in the current General Election. He managed to garner significant support in the 2007 general election. According to the electoral body at the time (the ECK), he swept the majority of the votes in Rift Valley (Kenya's most populous area), Western, his native Nyanza, and Coast. Kibaki on the other hand won majority votes in Nairobi (the capital), North Eastern province, Central province and Eastern province, taking 4 provinces against Odinga's 4. Odinga's ODM party got 99 out of the 210 seats in the parliament, making it the single largest party in parliament.\nThe Kriegler report, commissioned to investigate the violent aftermath of the 2007 elections and alleged vote-rigging, stated that about 1.2 million dead voters existed in the voters register, raising serious doubts to the integrity of the election.On 30 December 2007, the chairman of the Kenyan election commission declared Odinga's opponent, incumbent president Kibaki, the winner of the presidential election by a slim margin of about 230,000 votes. Odinga disputed the results, alleging fraud by the election commission. However he refused to follow due process of petitioning the courts, believing that the courts were under manipulation by Kibaki and so could not give a fair and impartial hearing.\nMost opinion polls had speculated that Odinga would defeat the president, though the margin kept narrowing as election day neared. Independent international observers have since stated that the poll was marred by irregularities in favor of both PNU and ODM, especially at the final vote tallying stages. Many ODM supporters across the country rioted against the announced election results, triggering the worst national violence in post-independent Kenya.\nBesides his father, Odinga is identified as one of the leading forces behind the democratization process of Kenya, particularly during the repressive regime of President Daniel arap Moi (1978-2002) and the lead-up to the adoption of the new Constitution (2010) that re-affirmed many formerly neglected fundamental rights.\nIn 2017, Odinga vied yet again for the presidency, but lost to Uhuru Kenyatta. Odinga contested the election result in the Supreme Court, which nullified the results and called new elections as a result of electoral irregularities. Despite the Supreme Court ruling, Odinga announced on 10 October 2017 that he would withdraw from the second Presidential election.", "Q474283": "Joseph Amos Milburn (April 1, 1927 \u2013 January 3, 1980) was an American rhythm-and-blues singer and pianist, popular in the 1940s and 1950s. He was born in Houston, Texas, and died there 52 years later. One commentator noted, \"Milburn excelled at good-natured, upbeat romps about booze and partying, imbued with a vibrant sense of humour and double entendre, as well as vivid, down-home imagery in his lyrics.\"", "Q76699": "Bernhard Schlink (born 6 July 1944) is a German lawyer, academic, and novelist. He is best known for his novel The Reader, which was first published in 1995 and became an international bestseller.", "Q207036": "Alan Alexander Milne (; 18 January 1882 \u2013 31 January 1956) was an English author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various poems. Milne was a noted writer, primarily as a playwright, before the huge success of Pooh overshadowed all his previous work. Milne served in both World Wars, joining the British Army in World War I, and was a captain of the British Home Guard in World War II.He is the father of bookseller Christopher Robin Milne, upon whom the character Christopher Robin is based.", "Q1891483": "Manuel De Sica (24 February 1949 \u2013 5 December 2014) was an Italian composer.\nBorn in Rome, the son of Vittorio De Sica and Mar\u00eda Mercader, De Sica enrolled at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, in which he studied with Bruno Maderna. He debuted as a composer for his father's film A Place for Lovers (1968).\nIn 1993, De Sica won the Nastro d'Argento for Best Score for Carlo Verdone's Al lupo, al lupo. In 1996 he won the David di Donatello for Best Score for Carlo Lizzani's Celluloide. In 2005 he was honored with the title of Commendatore of the Italian Republic.De Sica died of a heart attack on 5 December 2014 at the age of 65, in Rome.", "Q664028": "Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (German: Hochschule Luzern) (HSLU) is one of seven regional, public-funded universities of applied sciences founded in 1997. The University was called University of Applied Sciences of Central Switzerland (German: Fachhochschule Zentralschweiz) until 15 October 2007. Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts is a Swiss public vocational university with campuses in Lucerne, Horw and Zug.", "Q1383899": "John Simpson Chisum (August 16, 1824 \u2013 December 22, 1884) was a wealthy cattle baron in the American West in the mid-to-late 19th century. He was born in Hardeman County, Tennessee, and moved with his family to the Republic of Texas in 1837, later finding work as a building contractor. He also served as county clerk in Lamar County. He was of Scottish, English, and Welsh descent.In 1854, Chisum became engaged in the cattle business and became one of the first to send his herds to New Mexico Territory. He obtained land along the Pecos River by right of occupancy and eventually became the owner of a large ranch in the Bosque Grande, about forty miles south of Fort Sumner, with over 100,000 head of cattle. In 1866-67, Chisum formed a partnership with cattlemen Charles Goodnight and Oliver Loving to assemble and drive herds of cattle for sale to the United States Army in Fort Sumner and Santa Fe, New Mexico, to provide cattle to miners in Colorado as well as provide cattle to the Bell Ranch.\nA gambler, Chisum frequently played poker with John Horton Slaughter, a lawman in Texas and later the Arizona Territory.", "Q4455696": "Andrey Nikolaevich Terekhov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432; 3 September 1949) is a Russian IT developer who created the Algol 68 LGU Telecommunication systems.", "Q67780": "Iffwil is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q48763": "Mohammad-Javad Larijani (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e) is an Iranian conservative politician, mathematical logician and former diplomat. He is currently a top adviser to the Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in foreign affairs and secretary of High Council for Human rights, Judiciary of Islamic Republic of Iran.He has been a key planner of Iran's foreign policy, and led the ceasefire negotiations after Iran\u2013Iraq War.\n\n", "Q198962": "Sandy Leah Lima (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u0250\u0303d\u0292i \u02c8l\u025ba \u02c8lim\u0250], born January 28, 1983), known mononymously as Sandy, is a Brazilian singer-songwriter and actress. Born and raised in Campinas, Sandy began her career in 1989 when she formed with her brother, musician Junior Lima, the vocal duo Sandy & Junior. They rose to fame in the early 1990s as child stars and reached the height of their success during teenage, as albums Era Uma Vez... Ao Vivo (1998), As Quatro Esta\u00e7\u00f5es (1999), Quatro Esta\u00e7\u00f5es: O Show (2000) and Sandy & Junior (2001) sold more than a million units, with the second and third being among the best-selling albums of all time in Brazil. The duo were credited with leading a wave of teen pop artists during the late 1990s and early 2000s, with the press labelling Sandy the Brazilian \"Princess of Pop\". The duo disbanded in 2007 and released their Ac\u00fastico MTV in September that year. In addition to their success in the music industry, the sibling's name became a strong brand, with more than 300 licensed products which made R$300 million a year.\nAfter the duo's disbandment in December 2007, Sandy spent the next two years concentrating efforts on producing her debut solo album. She also dedicated herself to her personal life. In 2008, Sandy married musician Lucas Lima and graduated from Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas with a degree in languages and literature. In 2010, she released her debut solo album, Manuscrito, which was preceded by lead single \"P\u00e9s Cansados\" and certified platinum by Pro-M\u00fasica Brasil (PMB). Her first concert tour as a solo artist was recorded in August 2011 and gave rise to her first video/live album, Manuscrito Ao Vivo, released in November that year. Sandy's second studio album, Sim (2013) produced three singles and reached number nine in Brazil. In 2016, she released her second live album, Meu Canto, which was preceded by lead single \"Me Espera\" and reached the top of PMB's DVD chart. In 2018, she released her third studio album, a collaborations project titled N\u00f3s, Voz, Eles.\nAs an actress, she had leading roles in the television series Sandy & Junior (1999\u20132002) and As Brasileiras (2012), telenovela Estrela-Guia (2001), and films Acqu\u00e1ria (2003) and Quando Eu Era Vivo (2014). Sandy has been featured as a judge on two seasons of the reality competition television series Superstar.Throughout her career, Sandy sold over 20 million albums and has earned numerous awards and accolades, including six Multishow Brazilian Music Award, three Melhores do Ano (Rede Globo awards), and one Latin Grammy Award nomination. She was considered one of the 100 most influential Brazilian personalities of 2013 by the Brazilian edition of Forbes magazine.", "Q257615": "Soilwork is a Swedish melodic death metal band from Helsingborg. They are signed to Nuclear Blast. Formed in late 1995 by Bj\u00f6rn Strid and Peter Wichers, originally under the name Inferior Breed, the band changed their name in late 1996 to Soilwork (meaning \"working from the ground up\").", "Q508638": "William Stener \"Will\" Ferguson (born October 12, 1964) is a Canadian travel writer and novelist best known for his humorous observations on Canadian history and culture.\nFerguson was born fourth of six children in the former fur trading post of Fort Vermilion, Alberta, approximately 800 km north of Edmonton. His parents split up when he was six years old, during a brief interlude in Regina. At the age of 16, he quit school and moved to Saskatoon, Dauphin, and Red Deer.\nFerguson is also an outspoken critic of the monarchy of Canada, both publicly and in his books. He is quoted in the media when the monarchy issue is being debated. He also profiles Canadian secessionist and independence movements (such as the \"Republic of Madawaska\") in his book Beauty Tips from Moose Jaw (2004).", "Q57643": "Lee Hsien Loong (born 10 February 1952) is a Singaporean politician serving as the current Prime Minister of Singapore since 2004. He took over the leadership of Secretary-General of the People's Action Party since 2004 when former Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong stepped down from the position to become the Senior Minister. Lee then led the party to victory in the 2006, 2011 and 2015 general elections. He began his current term on 15 January 2016 following the opening of Singapore's 13th Parliament. Lee is the eldest son of Singapore's first Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew.\nLee graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge University, as Senior Wrangler - the top mathematics undergraduate in 1974, and gained a Diploma in Computer Science with distinction as well. He later earned a Master of Public Administration at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. From 1971 to 1984, he served in the Singapore Armed Forces where he rose to the rank of brigadier general. He won his first election for Member of Parliament in 1984, contesting as a member of the People's Action Party. Under the leadership of Singapore's second prime minister, Goh Chok Tong, Lee had served as the Minister for Trade and Industry, Minister for Finance and Deputy Prime Minister.", "Q1126523": "The Faculty of Dramatic Arts (Serbian: \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, romanized: Fakultet dramskih umetnosti; abbreviated FDU) is a constituent institution of the University of Arts in Belgrade which focuses on education and research in the fields of film, theatre, dramaturgy, culture, radio, acting and medias. It was established in 1948, as the first faculty of this type in Yugoslavia.\nThe building, built in the brutalist style, is located in the urban neighborhood of Novi Beograd.", "Q1440323": "Sedat Y\u00fcce (born 1976) is a Turkish singer. He is most notable for representing Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 2001. He also attempted to participate in O Ses T\u00fcrkiye, the Turkish version of The Voice, which garnered a negative response.", "Q94608": "William Caxton (c. 1422 \u2013 c. 1491) was an English merchant, diplomat, and writer. He is thought to be the first person to introduce a printing press into England, in 1476, and as a printer was the first English retailer of printed books.\nNeither his parentage nor date of birth is known for certain, but he may have been born between 1415 and 1424, perhaps in the Weald or wood land of Kent, perhaps in Hadlow or Tenterden. In 1438 he was apprenticed to Robert Large, a wealthy London silk mercer.\nShortly after Large's death, Caxton moved to Bruges, Belgium, a wealthy cultured city, where he was settled by 1450. Successful in business, he became governor of the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London; on his business travels, he observed the new printing industry in Cologne, which led him to start a printing press in Bruges in collaboration with Colard Mansion. When Margaret of York, sister of Edward IV, married the Duke of Burgundy, they moved to Bruges and befriended Caxton. It was the Duchess who encouraged Caxton to complete his translation of the Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, a collection of stories associated with Homer's Iliad, which he did in 1471.\nOn his return to England, heavy demand for his translation prompted Caxton to set up a press at Westminster in 1476, although the first book he is known to have produced was an edition of Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales; he went on to publish chivalric romances, classical works, and English and Roman histories, and to edit many others. He was the first to translate Aesop's Fables in 1484. Caxton was not an adequate translator, and under pressure to publish as much as possible as quickly as possible, he sometimes simply transferred French words into English; but because of the success of his translations, he is credited with helping to promote the Chancery English he used to the status of standard dialect throughout England.\nIn 2002, Caxton was named among the 100 Greatest Britons in a BBC poll.\n\n", "Q58570": "Handan is a prefecture-level city located in the southwest of Hebei province, China. The southernmost prefecture-level city of the province, it borders Xingtai on the north, and the provinces of Shanxi on the west, Henan on the south and Shandong on the east. At the 2010 census, its population was 9,174,683 inhabitants whom 2,845,790 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 5 urban districts. Yongnian District in Handan and Shahe City in Xingtai have largely formed into a single conurbation.\nHandan is one of the oldest cities in China, first settled in 6500 BC by the Cishan culture. Throughout the city's long history, it contributed significantly to Chinese culture, serving as the capital of State of Zhao, was northern China's political, economic and cultural center, and home to Tai chi and the first compass, made from stones collected in the nearby Mount Ci (magnet mountain). Handan is designated as one of China's National Famous Historical and Cultural Cities.", "Q550453": "Tony Cliff (born Yigael Gl\u00fcckstein (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d2\u05d0\u05dc \u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05e7\u05e9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05df\u200e); 20 May 1917 \u2013 9 April 2000) was a Trotskyist activist. Born to a Jewish family in what is now Israel, he moved to Britain in 1947 and by the end of the 1950s had assumed the pen name of Tony Cliff. A founding member of the Socialist Review Group, which became the International Socialists and then the Socialist Workers Party, in 1977, Cliff was effectively the leader of all three.\n\n", "Q95516": "Joachim Zeller (born 1 July 1952) is a German politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 until 2019. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.\n\n", "Q727677": "Oliver Fisher Winchester (November 30, 1810 \u2013 December 10, 1880) was an American businessman and politician, best known as being the founder of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company.", "Q78878": "Lizzi Waldm\u00fcller (May 25, 1904 in Knittelfeld, Styria \u2013 April 8, 1945 in Vienna) was an Austrian singer and actress whose breakthrough to stardom came through her role as Rachel in the Willi Forst movie Bel Ami in 1939.Waldm\u00fcller had her theatre debut in Innsbruck in the 1920s, before finding success in Graz, Vienna and eventually abroad - in Germany. She became renowned through the Paul Lincke song 'Ich bin die Frau, von der man spricht' (I am the woman they're talking about). At the beginning of the 1930s, she played supporting roles next to stars such as Heinz R\u00fchmann, Hans Albers and her husband Max Hansen, whom she divorced in 1938.\nShe died April 8, 1945, in a air raid in Vienna, Austria, a month before the end of World War II. Her memorial can be found in Friedhof Hadersdorf-Weidlingau, Hadersdorf-Weidlingau, Penzing, Vienna.", "Q2759": "Urbino (UK: ur-BEE-noh, Italian: [ur\u02c8bi\u02d0no] (listen)) is a walled city in the Marche region of Italy, south-west of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, especially under the patronage of Federico da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino from 1444 to 1482. The town, nestled on a high sloping hillside, retains much of its picturesque medieval aspect. It hosts the University of Urbino, founded in 1506, and is the seat of the Archbishop of Urbino. Its best-known architectural piece is the Palazzo Ducale, rebuilt by Luciano Laurana.", "Q113951": "Erik Maria Ritter von Kuehnelt-Leddihn (German: [\u02c8ky\u02d0n\u0259lt l\u025b\u02c8di\u02d0n], born July 31, 1909 in Tobelbad, Styria, Austria-Hungary; died May 26, 1999, in Lans, Tyrol), was an Austrian political scientist and journalist. He opposed the French Revolution as well as communism and Nazism. Describing himself as a \"conservative arch-liberal\" or \"extreme liberal\", Kuehnelt-Leddihn often argued that majority rule in democracies is a threat to individual liberties, and declared himself a monarchist and an enemy of all forms of totalitarianism, although he also supported what he defined as \"non-democratic republics,\" such as Switzerland and the early United States.Described as \"A Walking Book of Knowledge\", Kuehnelt-Leddihn had an encyclopedic knowledge of the humanities and was a polyglot, able to speak eight languages and read seventeen others. \nHis early books The Menace of the Herd and Liberty or Equality were influential within the American conservative movement. An associate of William F. Buckley Jr., his best-known writings appeared in National Review, where he was a columnist for 35 years.", "Q317543": "Otto Paul Eberhard Peltzer (8 March 1900 \u2013 11 August 1970) was a German middle distance runner who set world records in the 1920s. Over the 800 m Peltzer improved Ted Meredith's long-standing record by 0.3 seconds to 1:51.6 min in London in July 1926. Over the 1000 m he set a world record of 2:25.8 in Paris in July 1927, and over 1500 m Peltzer broke Paavo Nurmi's world record (3:52.6) and set a new one at 3:51.0 in Berlin in September 1926. Peltzer was the only athlete to have held the 800 m and the 1500 m world records simultaneously, until Sebastian Coe matched the feat over fifty years later.", "Q671343": "The Mont Blanc massif (French: Massif du Mont-Blanc; Italian: Massiccio del Monte Bianco) is a mountain range in the Alps, located mostly in France and Italy, but also straddling Switzerland at its northeastern end. It contains eleven major independent summits, each over 4,000 metres (13,123 ft) in height. It is named after Mont Blanc (4,808 metres (15,774 ft)), the highest point in western Europe and the European Union. Because of its considerable overall altitude, a large proportion of the massif is covered by glaciers, which include the Mer de Glace and the Miage Glacier \u2013 the longest glaciers in France and Italy, respectively.\nThe massif forms a watershed between the vast catchments of the rivers Rh\u00f4ne and Po, and a tripoint between France, Italy and Switzerland; it also marks the border between two climate regions by separating the northern and western Alps from the southern Alps. The mountains of the massif consist mostly of granite and gneiss rocks and at high altitudes the vegetation is an arctic-alpine flora.\nThe valleys that delimit the massif were used as communication routes by the Romans until they left around the 5th century AD. The region remained of some military importance through to the mid-20th century. A peasant farming economy operated within these valleys for many centuries until the glaciers and mountains were \"discovered\" by the outside world in the 18th century. Word of these impressive sights began to spread, and Mont Blanc was first climbed in 1786, marking the start of the sport of mountaineering. The region is now a major tourist destination, drawing in over six million visitors per year. It provides a wide range of opportunities for outdoor recreation and activities such as sight-seeing, hiking, rock climbing, mountaineering and skiing. Around one hundred people a year die across its mountains and, occasionally, bodies have been lost and entombed in its glaciers for decades.\nAccess into the mountains is facilitated by cable cars, mountain railways and mountain huts which offer overnight refuge to climbers and skiers. The long-distance Tour du Mont Blanc hiking trail circumnavigates the whole massif in an 11-day trek of 170 kilometres (110 mi). The Mont Blanc Tunnel connects the French town of Chamonix on the northern side with the Italian town of Courmayeur in the south. The high mountains have provided many opportunities for scientific research, including neutrino measurements within the tunnel and impacts of climate change on its highest slopes. Recent rises in average temperatures have led to significant glacial retreat across the massif and an awareness of the need for better environmental protection, including a call for World Heritage Site status.", "Q170574": "Helen Elizabeth Hunt (born June 15, 1963) is an American actress, director, and screenwriter. She rose to fame portraying Jamie Buchman in the sitcom Mad About You (1992\u20131999, 2019\u2013present), for which she won three Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress in a Television Series \u2013 Musical or Comedy and four Emmy Awards (Primetime) for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. \nHunt won the Academy Award for Best Actress for starring as Carol Connelly in the romantic comedy As Good as It Gets (1997), while her portrayal of Cheryl Cohen-Greene in The Sessions (2012), gained her an additional Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Her other notable films include Twister (1996), Cast Away (2000), What Women Want (2000), Pay It Forward (2000), Bobby (2006), Soul Surfer (2011) and The Miracle Season (2018). \nHunt made her directorial film debut with Then She Found Me (2007), and has directed the film Ride (2014) and episodes of television series including House of Lies, This Is Us, Feud: Bette and Joan, American Housewife, and the premiere episode of the Mad About You revival.", "Q543349": "Manuel Ant\u00f3nio Pina ComIH (18 November 1943 \u2013 19 October 2012) was a Portuguese journalist and writer. In 2011 he was awarded the Pr\u00e9mio Cam\u00f5es, the most important literary award in the Portuguese language.\nPina was born in Sabugal, and died, aged 68, in Porto.", "Q1398507": "Herman \"Junior\" Parker (March 27, 1932 \u2013 November 18, 1971) was an American Memphis blues singer and musician. He is best remembered for his voice which has been described as \"honeyed\" and \"velvet-smooth\". One music journalist noted, \"For years Junior Parker deserted downhome harmonica blues for uptown blues-soul music\".\nIn 2001, he was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame. Parker is also inducted into the Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q1954907": "Robert David Sanders \"Bob\" Novak (February 26, 1931 \u2013 August 18, 2009) was an American syndicated columnist, journalist, television personality, author, and conservative political commentator. After working for two newspapers before serving in the U.S. Army during the Korean War, he became a reporter for the Associated Press and then for The Wall Street Journal. He teamed up with Rowland Evans in 1963 to start Inside Report, which became the longest running syndicated political column in U.S. history and ran in hundreds of papers. They also started the Evans-Novak Political Report, a notable biweekly newsletter, in 1967.\nNovak and Evans played a significant role for CNN after the network's founding. He worked as a well-known television personality in programs such as Capital Gang, Crossfire, and Evans, Novak, Hunt, & Shields. He also wrote for numerous other publications such as Reader's Digest. On August 4, 2008, Novak announced that he had been diagnosed with a brain tumor, that his prognosis was \"dire\", and that he was retiring. He succumbed to the disease on August 18, 2009, after having returned home to spend his last days with his family.\nHis colleagues nicknamed Novak the \"Prince of Darkness\", a description that he embraced and later used as a title for his autobiography. He started out with moderate or liberal views, but these shifted right-ward over time. He later served as a notable voice for American conservatism in his writings and in his television appearances while taking differing views on issues such as Israel\u2013United States relations and the invasion of Iraq. He also broke several major stories in his career, and he played a role in media events such as the Plame affair. Novak converted to Catholicism in May 1998 after his wife, Geraldine, did so. He had two children, a daughter and a son.", "Q97301": "Katajun Amirpur (Persian: \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0631 [c\u00e6t\u0251ju\u02d0n \u025b \u00e6mi\u02d0\u027e\u02c8pu\u02d0\u027e]; born 1971) is a German-Iranian professor of Islamic Studies at Hamburg University.", "Q116829": "Hans-J\u00fcrg Fehr (born 1948) is a Swiss politician and was from 2004\u20132008 the president of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland. He was succeeded by Christian Levrat.\nOn 26 October 2007, following the losses at the general elections, Fehr announced resigning for March 2008.\nHe is not to be confused with Hans Fehr, member of the Swiss People's Party.", "Q307988": "Abdellah Ta\u00efa (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0639\u200e; born 1973) is a Moroccan writer and filmmaker who writes in the French language and has been based in Paris since 1998. He has published eight novels, many of them heavily autobiographical. His books have been translated into Basque, Dutch, German, English, Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish, Danish and Arabic.Described by Interview Magazine as a \"literary transgressor and cultural paragon,\" Ta\u00efa became the first openly gay Arab writer in 2006, and as of 2014 he remains the only openly homosexual Moroccan writer or filmmaker. His first movie, Salvation Army, is widely considered to have given Arab cinema \"its first gay protagonist.\" Since his coming-out, according to one source, Ta\u00efa \"has become an iconic figure in his homeland of Morocco and throughout the Arab world, and a beacon of hope in a country where homosexuality is illegal.\"", "Q449670": "James Russell Lowell (; February 22, 1819 \u2013 August 12, 1891) was an American Romantic poet, critic, editor, and diplomat. He is associated with the Fireside Poets, a group of New England writers who were among the first American poets that rivaled the popularity of British poets. These writers usually used conventional forms and meters in their poetry, making them suitable for families entertaining at their fireside.\nLowell graduated from Harvard College in 1838, despite his reputation as a troublemaker, and went on to earn a law degree from Harvard Law School. He published his first collection of poetry in 1841 and married Maria White in 1844. The couple had several children, though only one survived past childhood. \nHe became involved in the movement to abolish slavery, with Lowell using poetry to express his anti-slavery views and taking a job in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as the editor of an abolitionist newspaper. After moving back to Cambridge, Lowell was one of the founders of a journal called The Pioneer, which lasted only three issues. He gained notoriety in 1848 with the publication of A Fable for Critics, a book-length poem satirizing contemporary critics and poets. The same year, he published The Biglow Papers, which increased his fame. He went on to publish several other poetry collections and essay collections throughout his literary career.\nMaria died in 1853, and Lowell accepted a professorship of languages at Harvard in 1854. He traveled to Europe before officially assuming his teaching duties in 1856, and married Frances Dunlap shortly thereafter in 1857. That year, Lowell also became editor of The Atlantic Monthly. He continued to teach at Harvard for twenty years.\nHe received his first political appointment, the ambassadorship to the Kingdom of Spain 20 years later. He was later appointed ambassador to the Court of St. James's. He spent his last years in Cambridge in the same estate where he was born, and died there in 1891.\nLowell believed that the poet played an important role as a prophet and critic of society. He used poetry for reform, particularly in abolitionism. However, his commitment to the anti-slavery cause wavered over the years, as did his opinion on African-Americans. He attempted to emulate the true Yankee accent in the dialogue of his characters, particularly in The Biglow Papers. This depiction of the dialect, as well as his many satires, was an inspiration to writers such as Mark Twain and H. L. Mencken.", "Q725060": "Robert Edward Stevenson (31 March 1905 \u2013 30 April 1986) was an English film screenwriter, director and actor.\nAfter directing a number of British films, including King Solomon's Mines (1937), he was given a contract by David O. Selznick and moved to Hollywood in the 1940s. He ended up directing 19 films for the Walt Disney Company in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, becoming the most commercially successful director in the history of film. Stevenson is best remembered for directing the Julie Andrews musical Mary Poppins (1964), for which Andrews won the Academy Award for Best Actress and Stevenson was nominated for Best Director. With Disney, he also directed the first two Herbie films, The Love Bug (1968) and Herbie Rides Again (1974), as well as Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971). Three of his films featured English actor David Tomlinson.\n\n", "Q961575": "Johan Joachim Agrell (1 February 1701 \u2013 19 January 1765) was a late German/Swedish baroque composer.\nHe was born in L\u00f6th parish, Memming district, \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland, a province in Sweden, and studied in Uppsala. By 1734 he was a violinist at the Kassel court, travelling in England, France, Italy, and elsewhere. From 1746 onward, he was Kapellmeister in Nuremberg. He wrote occasional vocal works and numerous symphonies, harpsichord concertos and sonatas, many of which were published. He was a fluent composer in the north German galant style of the time, and is also an appreciated musician and conductor. According to Per Lindfors, it is said that Agrell composed at least 22 symphonies. He died at Nuremberg.\nAgrell also used the following variants of his name: Johan Agrelius, Giovanni Agrell, Giovanni Aggrell, Johann Agrell, Johann Joachim Agrell.", "Q87674": "Wilhelm Boden (March 5, 1890 \u2013 October 18, 1961) was a German lawyer, civil servant and politician (center, CDU). From 1946 to 1947 he was the 1st Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate.He contributed substantially to the rebuilding of the administration and to the formation of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, where he continued former Prussian administrative traditions. On December 1, 1946, Boden was appointed by the French military government as prime minister of the \"Provisional Government\" of Rheinland-Pfalz with the mission to prepare a draft constitution and conduct elections. After the election on May 18, 1947 he became minister president of a \"transitional Cabinet\" but failed to form a government; the SPD denied him the coalition as he was considered controversial even within the party, so the leadership of the affairs of the newly created state passed to Peter Altmeier.\n\n", "Q1761355": "The Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic (May 30 \u2013 July 6, 1918) was part of the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Yekaterinodar.\nIt was created by merging the Black Sea Soviet Republic and Kuban Soviet Republic. Later, it was itself merged into the North Caucasian Soviet Republic. The leader of the republic was Avran Rubin.", "Q63280": "Jewell James Ebers (November 25, 1921 \u2013 March 1959) was an American electrical engineer who is remembered for the mathematical model of the bipolar junction transistor that he published with John L. Moll in 1954. The Ebers-Moll model of the transistor views the transistor as a pair of diodes, and the model is a fusion of the models of these diodes.\nJ.J. Ebers was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on November 25, 1921. He served three years in the U.S. Army. Ebers attended Antioch College where he obtained a bachelor of science degree in 1946. He entered Ohio State University studying electrical engineering, obtaining his master's degree in 1947 and Ph.D. in 1950. Ebers continued at Ohio State as a research associate in the university's research foundation, as an instructor, and as an assistant professor until 1951.In September 1951 Ebers joined Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey. There he worked with J.L. Moll with whom he published the frequently-cited article on \"Large-signal behavior of junction transistors\" which is the basis of the Ebers-Moll model. According to James M. Early, Ebers' technical contributions, qualities of personal leadership, and management skill led to promotions to supervisor, department head, and Director of the Allentown Lab of Bell.Ebers was a member of Eta Kappa Nu, Sigma Xi, and the American Physical Society.\nJewell James Ebers died in March, 1959.As a memorial to his scientific work, every year the IEEE Electron Devices Society grants the J J Ebers Award to a worthy engineer.", "Q369937": "Eug\u00e8ne Paul Louis Schueller (20 March 1881 \u2013 23 August 1957) was a French pharmacist and entrepreneur who was the founder of L'Or\u00e9al, the world's leading company in cosmetics and beauty. He was one of the founders of modern advertising.", "Q12479": "Number theory (or arithmetic or higher arithmetic in older usage) is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and integer-valued functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777\u20131855) said, \"Mathematics is the queen of the sciences\u2014and number theory is the queen of mathematics.\" Number theorists study prime numbers as well as the properties of objects made out of integers (for example, rational numbers) or defined as generalizations of the integers (for example, algebraic integers). Number theory seeks to understand the properties of integer systems in spite of their apparent complexity.\nIntegers can be considered either in themselves or as solutions to equations (Diophantine geometry). Questions in number theory are often best understood through the study of analytical objects (for example, the Riemann zeta function) that encode properties of the integers, primes or other number-theoretic objects in some fashion (analytic number theory). One may also study real numbers in relation to rational numbers, for example, as approximated by the latter (Diophantine approximation).\nThe older term for number theory is arithmetic. By the early twentieth century, it had been superseded by \"number theory\". (The word \"arithmetic\" is used by the general public to mean \"elementary calculations\"; it has also acquired other meanings in mathematical logic, as in Peano arithmetic, and computer science, as in floating point arithmetic.) The use of the term arithmetic for number theory regained some ground in the second half of the 20th century, arguably in part due to French influence. In particular, arithmetical is preferred as an adjective to number-theoretic.", "Q89881": "Susi Lanner (August 27, 1911 \u2013 March 16, 2006) was an Austrian film actress who played major roles in German productions from 1932 to 1937.", "Q311654": "Michael Monroe Lewis (born October 15, 1960) is an American author and financial journalist. He has also been a contributing editor to Vanity Fair since 2009, writing mostly on business, finance, and economics. He is known for his non-fiction work, particularly his coverage of financial crises and behavioral finance.\nLewis was born in New Orleans and attended Princeton University where he graduated with a degree in art history. After attending the London School of Economics, he began a career on Wall Street during the 1980s as a bond salesman at Salomon Brothers. The experience prompted him to write his first book, Liar's Poker (1989). Fourteen years later, Lewis wrote Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game (2003), in which he investigated the success of Billy Beane and the Oakland Athletics. His 2006 book The Blind Side: Evolution of a Game was his first to be adapted into a film, The Blind Side (2009). In 2010, he released The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine. The film adaptation of Moneyball was released in 2011, followed by The Big Short in 2015. \nHe is the recipient of two Los Angeles Times Book Prizes as well as notable selection features on the New York Times Bestsellers Lists.", "Q1001188": "Buddy Gene Emmons (January 27, 1937 \u2013 July 21, 2015) was an American musician who is widely regarded as the world's foremost pedal steel guitarist of his day. He was inducted into the Steel Guitar Hall of Fame in 1981. \nAffectionately known by the nickname \"Big E\", Emmons' primary genre was American country music, but he also performed jazz and Western swing. He recorded with Linda Ronstadt, Gram Parsons, The Everly Brothers, The Carpenters, Roger Miller, Ernest Tubb, John Hartford, Little Jimmy Dickens, Ray Price, Judy Collins, George Strait, John Sebastian, and Ray Charles and was a widely sought session musician in Nashville and Los Angeles.\nEmmons made significant innovations to the steel guitar, adding two additional strings and an additional pedal, changes which have been adopted as standard in the modern-day instrument. His name is on a US patent for a mechanism to raise and lower the pitch of a string on a steel guitar and return to the original pitch without going out of tune. He won the Academy of Country Music's \"Best Steel Guitarist\" nine times, beginning in 1969.In 2013, two years before his death, he was honored by the Country Music Hall of Fame in a tribute called \"The Big E: Salute to Buddy Emmons\" featuring testimonials and performances by eminent musicians and hall of fame members.", "Q96779": "Eberhard Bethge (August 28, 1909 \u2013 March 18, 2000) was a student of the theologian and anti-Nazi Dietrich Bonhoeffer.", "Q1261808": "Robbie France (5 December 1959 \u2013 14 January 2012) was an English drummer, record producer, arranger, journalist, music educator, and broadcaster.", "Q6259": "Pavia (UK: , US: , Italian: [pa\u02c8vi\u02d0a] (listen), Lombard: [pa\u02c8\u028bi\u02d0a]; Latin: Ticinum; Medieval Latin: Papia) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy in northern Italy, 35 kilometres (22 miles) south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po. It has a population of c. 73,086,. The city was the capital of the Kingdom of the Lombards from 572 to 774.\nPavia is the capital of the fertile province of Pavia, which is known for a variety of agricultural products, including wine, rice, cereals, and dairy products. Although there are a number of industries located in the suburbs, these tend not to disturb the peaceful atmosphere of the town. It is home to the ancient University of Pavia (founded in 1361), which together with the IUSS (Institute for Advanced Studies of Pavia), Ghislieri College, Borromeo College, Nuovo College, Santa Caterina College, and the Istituto per il Diritto allo Studio (EDiSU), belongs to the Pavia Study System. Pavia is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Pavia. The city possesses many artistic and cultural treasures, including several important churches and museums, such as the well-known Certosa di Pavia.\nThe Central Hospital of Pavia is one of the most important hospitals in Italy.", "Q232927": "Jennifer Grey (born March 26, 1960) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in the 1980s films Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986) and Dirty Dancing (1987), for which Grey earned a Golden Globe Award nomination. Her television work includes her 2010 victory in season eleven of Dancing with the Stars, and starring in the Amazon Studios comedy series Red Oaks.", "Q55732": "Lakshmibai Tilak (1868\u20131936) was a Marathi writer from Maharashtra, India.", "Q775131": "Luther Allison (August 17, 1939 \u2013 August 12, 1997) was an American blues guitarist. He was born in Widener, Arkansas, and moved with his family to Chicago in 1951. He taught himself guitar and began listening to blues extensively. Three years later he began hanging around outside blues nightclubs with the hopes of being invited to perform. He played with Howlin' Wolf's band and backed James Cotton.", "Q255764": "Yelena Vladimirovna Kondakova (Russian: \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043a\u00f3\u0432\u0430; born March 30, 1957) was the third Soviet/Russian female cosmonaut to travel to space and the first woman to make a long-duration spaceflight. Her first trip into space was on Soyuz TM-20 on October 4, 1994. She returned to Earth on March 22, 1995 after a five-month stay at the Mir space station. Kondakova's second flight was as a mission specialist on the United States Space Shuttle Atlantis during mission STS-84 in May 1997. She was the last Russian female in space until her successor cosmonaut Elena Serova flew to the International Space Station (ISS) on September 25, 2014.", "Q753848": "TaleSpin is an American animated television series based in the fictional city of Cape Suzette, which first aired in 1990 as a preview on Disney Channel and later that year as part of The Disney Afternoon, with characters adapted from Disney's 1967 animated feature The Jungle Book (namely, some of the film's animals being given an anthropomorphical makeover while the humans are removed), which was theatrically rereleased in the summer before this show premiered in the fall. The name of the show is a play on \"tailspin\", the rapid descent of an aircraft in a steep spiral. The two words in the show's name, tale and spin, are a way to describe telling a story. The show is one of ten Disney Afternoon shows to use established Disney characters as the main characters, with the others being Darkwing Duck, DuckTales, Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers, Goof Troop, Bonkers, Quack Pack, Aladdin, and Timon & Pumbaa. It is also one of two animated television series based on The Jungle Book, the second being Jungle Cubs.", "Q5158278": "Concealed Enemies is a 1984 American PBS docudrama, produced by WGBH-TV in Boston, about the events leading to the arrest, conviction and imprisonment of former U.S. State Department official Alger Hiss. Directed by Jeff Bleckner, written by Hugh Whitemore and starring Edward Herrmann as Hiss, John Harkins as Whittaker Chambers and Peter Riegert as Richard Nixon, the two-part miniseries won the 1984 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series.\n(The title comes from August 25, 1948, known as \"Confrontation Day,\" during which Whittaker Chambers stated: The story has spread that in testifying against Mr. Hiss I am working out some old grudge, or motives of revenge or hatred. I do not hate Mr. Hiss. We were close friends, but we are caught in a tragedy of history. Mr. Hiss represents the concealed enemy against which we are all fighting, and I am fighting. I have testified against him with remorse and pity, but in a moment of history in which this Nation now stands, so help me God, I could not do otherwise. Senator Joseph McCarthy paraphrased this phrase with his own: \"the enemy within.\")\nGoldcrest Films invested \u00a3558,000 in the film and received \u00a3545,000 causing them a loss of \u00a313,000.", "Q1027629": "Calvin B. Boze, Jr. (October 15, 1916 \u2013 June 18, 1970) was an American trumpeter and bandleader, best known for his recordings at the turn of the 1950s.", "Q45521": "Dieter Hildebrandt (23 May 1927 \u2013 20 November 2013) was a German Kabarett artist.", "Q91016": "Gabriele Alexandra Lesser (born 16 May 1960) in Frankfurt/Main is a historian and journalist, who specializes in the history of World War II and the occupation of Poland, the Baltic Republics, and Ukraine 1939-1945.\nAs Warsaw-based correspondent of newspapers published in Germany (Taz-Berlin), Austria (Standard-Vienna), and Switzerland (Tages-Anzeiger-Zurich) she publishes regularly news, reportages, analysis about Poland, Ukraine, the Baltic Republics and the oblast Kaliningrad. She wrote and edited several books about the contemporary Poland, the history of the Underground University in Cracow in World War II and a guidebook about Masuria and the Masurian Lakeland.", "Q116197": "Paul Giger (born 1952 in Herisau, Switzerland), is a Swiss violinist and composer. He plays contemporary classical music, jazz, and free improvised music, and specializes in extended techniques.\nHe has released six CDs on the ECM label and collaborated with the Hilliard Ensemble, Jan Garbarek, Pierre Favre and Marie-Louise D\u00e4hler.", "Q727111": "Hollywood United is an American amateur soccer team based in Los Angeles, California, United States. Founded in 1988, the team plays in Region IV of the United States Adult Soccer Association, a network of amateur leagues at the fifth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid.", "Q506173": "Abb\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois-Napol\u00e9on-Marie Moigno (French: [mwa\u0272o]; 15 April 1804 \u2013 14 July 1884) was a French Catholic priest and one time Jesuit, as well as a physicist and author. He considered himself a student of Cauchy.", "Q487479": "Cradle of Filth are an English extreme metal band, formed in Suffolk, England in 1991. The band's musical style evolved originally from black metal to a cleaner and more \"produced\" amalgam of gothic metal, symphonic metal and other metal genres. Their lyrical themes and imagery are heavily influenced by Gothic literature, poetry, mythology and horror films. The band has gone through many lineup changes, with vocalist Dani Filth being the only constant member.\nThe band has broken free from its original niche by courting mainstream publicity. This increased accessibility has brought coverage from the likes of Kerrang! and MTV, along with frequent main stage appearances at major festivals such as Ozzfest, Download and even the mainstream Sziget Festival. They have sometimes been perceived as Satanic by casual observers, even though their outright lyrical references to Satanism are few and far between; their use of Satanic imagery has arguably always been more for shock value than any seriously-held beliefs.", "Q61497": "Kurt Waldemar Tank (24 February 1898 \u2013 5 June 1983) was a German aeronautical engineer and test pilot who led the design department at Focke-Wulf from 1931 to 1945. He was responsible for the creation of several important Luftwaffe aircraft of World War II, including the Fw 190 fighter aircraft, the Ta 152 fighter-interceptor and the Fw 200 Condor airliner. After the war, Tank spent two decades designing aircraft abroad, working first in Argentina and then in India, before returning to Germany in the late 1960s to work as a consultant for Messerschmitt-B\u00f6lkow-Blohm (MBB).", "Q217557": "Joyce Carol Oates (born June 16, 1938) is an American writer. Oates published her first book in 1963 and has since published 58 novels, as well as a number of plays and novellas, and many volumes of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction. She has won many awards for her writing, including the National Book Award, for her novel them (1969), two O. Henry Awards, the National Humanities Medal and the Jerusalem Prize (2019). Her novels Black Water (1992), What I Lived For (1994), and Blonde (2000) and short story collections The Wheel of Love (1970) and Lovely, Dark, Deep: Stories (2014) were each finalists for the Pulitzer Prize.\nOates taught at Princeton University from 1978 to 2014 and is the Roger S. Berlind '52 Professor Emerita in the Humanities with the Program in Creative Writing. She is a visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley where she teaches short fiction.", "Q313043": "Richard Dale Jenkins (born May 4, 1947) is an American actor. Jenkins began his acting career in theater at the Trinity Repertory Company and later made his film debut in 1974. He has worked steadily in film and television since the 1980s, mostly in supporting roles. His first major role did not come until the early 2000s, when he portrayed the deceased patriarch Nathaniel Fisher on the HBO funeral drama series Six Feet Under (2001\u20132005). He is also known for his roles in the films Burn After Reading (2008), Step Brothers (2008), Let Me In (2010), Jack Reacher (2012), and The Cabin in the Woods (2012).\nJenkins was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the drama film The Visitor (2007). He won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for the limited drama series Olive Kitteridge (2014). For his performance in the fantasy drama film The Shape of Water (2017), Jenkins received Academy Award, Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q237687": "Anita Brookner (16 July 1928 \u2013 10 March 2016) was an English novelist and art historian. She was Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Cambridge from 1967 to 1968 and was the first woman to hold this visiting professorship. She was awarded the 1984 Booker\u2013McConnell Prize for her novel Hotel du Lac.", "Q292549": "Bianca Balti (pronounced [\u02c8bja\u014bka \u02c8balti]; born 19 March 1984) is an Italian model.", "Q163508": "Philippe-Louis-Marc-Antoine, comte de Noailles, prince-duc de Poix, and 2nd Spanish and 1st French duc de Mouchy (21 November or 21 December 1752 \u2013 17 February 1819), was a French soldier, and politician of the Revolution.", "Q104593": "Johann Sigismund Scholze alias Sperontes (20 March 1705 in Lobendau bei Liegnitz (today Lubiat\u00f3w near Z\u0142otoryja) 28 September 1750 in Leipzig) was a Silesian music anthologist and poet.", "Q2456777": "The Boondocks is an American adult animated sitcom created by Aaron McGruder for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block, Adult Swim. It is based upon his comic strip of the same name. The series premiered on November 6, 2005. The show begins with a black family, the Freemans, settling into the fictional, friendly and overall white suburb of Woodcrest. The perspective offered by this mixture of cultures, lifestyles, social classes, stereotypes, viewpoints and racialized identities provides for much of the series' satire, comedy, and conflict.\nThe series ended its run on June 23, 2014 with a total of 55 episodes over the course of the show's four seasons, the last of which was produced without any involvement from McGruder. The series also has aired in syndication outside the United States and has been released on various DVD sets and other forms of home media.\nOn June 12, 2019, it was announced that Sony Pictures Animation would be producing a reboot of the television series set to premiere in 2020 with McGruder's involvement; John Witherspoon was also attached to the project to reprise his role as Robert Freeman before his passing on October 29, 2019. On September 18, 2019, it was announced that HBO Max had picked up the reboot with a two-season order. Each season is set to consist of twelve episodes.", "Q592060": "Free improvisation or free music is improvised music without any rules beyond the logic or inclination of the musician(s) involved. The term can refer to both a technique (employed by any musician in any genre) and as a recognizable genre in its own right.\nFree improvisation, as a genre of music, developed in the U.S. and Europe in the mid to late 1960s, largely as an outgrowth of free jazz and modern classical musics. Exponents of free improvised music include saxophonists Evan Parker, Anthony Braxton, Peter Br\u00f6tzmann and John Zorn, drummer Christian Lillinger, trombonist George Lewis, guitarists Derek Bailey, Henry Kaiser and Fred Frith and the improvising groups Spontaneous Music Ensemble, The Music Improvisation Company, The Art Ensemble of Chicago and AMM.", "Q236599": "Dame Ethel Mary Smyth, DBE (, to rhyme with Forsyth; 22 April 1858 \u2013 8 May 1944) was an English composer and a member of the women's suffrage movement. Her compositions include songs, works for piano, chamber music, orchestral works, choral works and operas.\nSmyth tended to be marginalised as a \u2018woman composer\u2019, as though her work could not be accepted as mainstream, yet when she produced more delicate compositions, they were criticised for not measuring up to the standard of her male competitors. Nevertheless, she was granted a damehood, the first female composer to be so honored.", "Q2120364": "Radio France is a French public service radio broadcaster.", "Q278190": "A.R.O.G: A Prehistoric Film (Turkish: A.R.O.G: Bir Yontma Ta\u015f Filmi) is a 2008 Turkish science-fiction comedy film, directed by Cem Y\u0131lmaz and Ali Taner Baltac\u0131, about a used carpet salesman who is sent back in time by an old interplanetary adversary out for revenge. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on December 5, 2008 (2008-12-05), was the highest grossing Turkish films of 2008 and is one of the most expensive Turkish films ever made. It is a sequel to G.O.R.A. (2004).", "Q172405": "Henry Taylor (16 December 1932 \u2013 24 October 2013) was a British racing driver from England.\n\n", "Q4933617": "Bob Peeler (born January 4, 1952) served as the 86th Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina from January 1995 to January 2003.", "Q104578": "Carl Hinrichs (September 18, 1907 \u2013 December 7, 1967) was a German stage and film actor.", "Q322275": "Ferlin Eugene Husky (December 3, 1925 \u2013 March 17, 2011) was an early American country music singer who was equally adept at the genres of traditional honky-tonk, ballads, spoken recitations, and rockabilly pop tunes. He had two dozen top-20 hits in the Billboard country charts between 1953 and 1975; his versatility and matinee-idol looks propelled a seven-decade entertainment career.In the 1950s and 1960s, Husky's hits included \"Gone\" and \"Wings of a Dove\", each reaching number one on the country charts. He also created a comic outspoken hayseed character, Simon Crum; and recorded under the stage name Terry Preston from 1948 to 1953. In 2010, Husky was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame.", "Q766818": "Jesse Byron Dylan (born January 6, 1966) is an American film director, and the founder, CEO and creative director of the media production company Wondros. He is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, TED, and the founder of Lybba, a non-profit organization. He is the son of musician Bob Dylan and brother of singer Jakob Dylan.", "Q103217": "Cz\u0119stochowa ( CHEN-st\u0259-KOH-v\u0259, Polish: [t\u0282\u025b\u0303st\u0254\u02c8x\u0254va] (listen); Silesian: Czynstochowy; Czech: \u010censtochov\u00e1) is a city in southern Poland on the Warta River with 222,292 inhabitants, making it the thirteenth-largest city in Poland. It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship (administrative division) since 1999, and was previously the capital of the Cz\u0119stochowa Voivodeship (1975\u20131998). However, Cz\u0119stochowa is historically part of Lesser Poland, not of Silesia, and before 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), it belonged to the Krak\u00f3w Voivodeship. Cz\u0119stochowa is located in the Krak\u00f3w-Cz\u0119stochowa Upland. It is the 13th most populous city in Poland. It is the largest economic, cultural and administrative hub in the northern part of the Silesian Voivodeship.\nThe city is known for the famous Pauline monastery of Jasna G\u00f3ra, which is the home of the Black Madonna painting (Polish: Jasnog\u00f3rski Cudowny obraz Naj\u015bwi\u0119tszej Maryi Panny Niepokalanie Pocz\u0119tej), a shrine to the Virgin Mary. Every year, millions of pilgrims from all over the world come to Cz\u0119stochowa to see it. The city also was home to the Frankism movement in the late 18th and the 19th century. There is also a Lusatian culture excavation site and museum in the city, and ruins of a medieval castle in Olsztyn, approximately 25 kilometres (16 miles) from the city centre (see also Trail of the Eagles' Nests).", "Q165192": "Swedes (Swedish: svenskar) are a North Germanic ethnic group native to the Nordic region, primarily their nation state of Sweden, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and language. They mostly inhabit Sweden and the other Nordic countries, in particular Finland, with a substantial diaspora in other countries, especially the United States. Swedes are an officially recognized minority in Finland and Estonia.\n\n", "Q1799363": "Laba Badara Sosseh; Labba Sosseh or Laba Sosseh (born March 12, 1943 in Bathurst now Banjul, Gambia, died September 20, 2007 in Dakar, Senegal) was a Gambian son and salsa singer and composer. According to Dr. Abdoulaye Saine of the University of Miami, Sosseh is regarded as \"the greatest salsa singer of his generation and perhaps of all time in Senegambia Major.\"", "Q256286": "Chinnaswami Subramania Bharathi,(\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bae\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bbf) also known as Bharathiyar (11 December 1882 \u2013 11 September 1921), was a Tamil writer, poet, journalist, Indian independence activist , a social reformer and a polyglot. Popularly known as \"Mahakavi Bharathi\", he was a pioneer of modern Tamil poetry and is considered one of the greatest Tamil literary figures of all time. His numerous works included fiery songs kindling patriotism during the Indian Independence movement.Born in Ettayapuram of Tirunelveli district (present day Thoothukudi) in 1882, Bharathi had his early education in Tirunelveli and Varanasi and worked as a journalist with many newspapers, including The Hindu, Bala Bharata, Vijaya, Chakravarthini, the Swadesamitran and India. In 1908, an arrest warrant was issued against Bharati by the government of British India for his revolutionary writings, forcing him to flee to Pondicherry (union Territory), where he lived until 1918.\nBharathi's influence on Tamil literature is phenomenal. Although it is said that he was proficient in around 14 languages his favorite language was Tamil. He was prolific in his output. He covered political, social and spiritual themes. The songs and poems composed by Bharati are very often used in Tamil cinema and have become staples in the literary and musical repertoire of Tamil artistes throughout the world. He paved the way for modern blank verse.\n\n", "Q102109": "Ernst Heinrich Kneschke (born 27 August 1798 in Zittau; died 2 December 1869 in Leipzig) was a German heraldist, ophthalmologist and writer.", "Q66313": "Sophie Friederike Mereau (27 March 1770 \u2013 31 October 1806) was a writer associated with German Romanticism. Her maiden name was Schubart, but she did most of her work under the married name of Mereau. She also later married a second time, to writer Clemens Brentano, and took her husband's surname. She wrote novels, stories and poems, and she translated and published journals.", "Q69020": "H\u00f6lstein is a municipality in the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q506198": "Henry Jackson Thomas Jr. (born September 9, 1971) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for his breakout role as Elliott in Steven Spielberg's film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and his more recent role in The Haunting of Hill House.\n\n", "Q915579": "Briggs Swift Cunningham II (January 19, 1907 \u2013 July 2, 2003) was an American entrepreneur and sportsman who raced automobiles and yachts. Born into a wealthy family, he became a racing car constructor, driver, and team owner as well as a sports car manufacturer and automobile collector.\nPlease refer to the Briggs Cunningham web site - www.briggscunningham.com which contains a wealth of information including photos, articles, race history, drivers list, family obits, books, halls of fame, Gathering details, etc.\nHe skippered the first victorious 12-metre yacht Columbia in the 1958 America's Cup race, and invented the cunningham downhaul to increase the speed of racing sailboats.\nHe was featured on the April 26, 1954 cover of Time magazine, with three of his Cunningham racing cars. The caption reads: Road Racer Briggs Cunningham: Horsepower, Endurance, Sportsmanship. He became an early member of the Road Racing Drivers Club (RRDC), an invitation-only club formed to honor notable road racing drivers.\nThe October 2003 Road & Track magazine article, \"Briggs Swift Cunningham\u2014A Life Well Spent\", states that \"by building and sailing his own ships, and building and racing his own cars, Briggs Cunningham epitomized the definition of the American sportsman.\" He was inducted into the America's Cup Hall of Fame in 1993, the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1997, and named to the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 2003.\nCunningham died in Las Vegas in 2003 of complications from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 96.", "Q324604": "Jack Pierce (born Janus Piccoula; May 5, 1889 \u2013 July 19, 1968) was a Hollywood make-up artist best remembered for creating the iconic makeup worn by Boris Karloff in Frankenstein (1931), along with various other classic monster make-ups for Universal Studios.", "Q105666": "Walter Fabian (24 August 1902 - 15 February 1992) was a German socialist politician, journalist and translator. During the Nazi years he became a resistance activist and political exile.\n\n", "Q2093151": "Pointe Helbronner (3,462 m (11,358 ft)) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in the Graian Alps on the watershed between France and Italy.\nThe peak, which used to be a mere geodetic reference point, was named after Paul Helbronner, a French polytechnicien, alpinist and geodesist who pioneered cartography of the French Alps.\nPointe Helbronner is served on the Italian side by the Skyway Monte Bianco, a cable car from La Palud, a village 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) north of the town of Courmayeur in the Aosta Valley. Pointe Helbronner is also served by the Vallee Blanche Aerial Tramway, which crosses from the peak to the nearby peak of Aiguille du Midi in France\u2014a peak-to-peak distance of 5 km (3.1 mi). This, in turn, gives access to the French T\u00e9l\u00e9ph\u00e9rique de l'Aiguille du Midi, the cable car connecting Aiguille du Midi to the French village of Chamonix, Courmayeur's sister \"city\".\nThe Skyway Monte Bianco station platform on Pointe Helbronner offers a remarkable view over the Aosta Valley and the Piedmont region. The French-Italian border splits this platform.\nPointe Helbronner is the starting point of a ski run via the Glacier du G\u00e9ant and the Mer de Glace to Montenvers and Chamonix. The mountain is the starting point of various routes to other mountains on the Mont Blanc massif, with many mountaineers staying at the nearby Refuge Torino.\nIn June 2015, Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi expressed repeated claims on the territory", "Q786052": "Agostino Rocca (1895 \u2013 17 February 1978) was an Italian businessman.", "Q146993": "Zanobi Acciaioli (25 May 1461 \u2013 27 July 1519) was an Italian Dominican friar, a member of the Acciaioli family of Florence. He was Librarian of the Vatican under Leo X. He joined the Dominican convent on 8 December 1495. He learned Greek and Hebrew towards the latter part of his life, and was appointed in 1518 prefect of the Vatican Library.\nAcciaioli worked mainly on translating Ancient Greek texts, including Olympiodorus on Ecclesiastes, a treatise of Eusebius against Hierocles, and Theodoret's Cure of the false Opinions of the Gentiles, and some other pieces. He died at the age of 58 in Rome.\nIn addition to his translations, Acciaiuoli also wrote a panegyric on the city of Naples; a Liber de vindicta Dei contra peccatores; and poems.\nAcciaiuoli's own copy of his translation of Eusebius is in the Vatican Library. It includes corrections and annotations by him, and is signed on the title page, \"F. Zenobii Acciolj\".", "Q357832": "John Barry Larson (born July 22, 1948) is an American politician and businessman serving as the U.S. Representative for Connecticut's 1st congressional district, serving since 1999. The district is based in the state capital, Hartford. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Larson is the former chairman of the House Democratic Caucus.", "Q130805": "George I (George Louis; German: Georg Ludwig; 28 May 1660 \u2013 11 June 1727) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 and ruler of the Duchy and Electorate of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg (Hanover) in the Holy Roman Empire from 23 January 1698 until his death in 1727. He was the first British monarch of the House of Hanover.\nBorn in Hanover to its Elector Ernest Augustus and Electress Sophia, George inherited the titles and lands of the Duchy of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg from his father and uncles. A succession of European wars expanded his German domains during his lifetime; he was ratified as prince-elector of Hanover in 1708. After the deaths in 1714 of his mother and his second cousin Anne, Queen of Great Britain (r. 1702\u20131714), George ascended the British throne as Anne's closest living Protestant relative under the Act of Settlement 1701. Jacobites attempted, but failed, to depose George and replace him with James Francis Edward Stuart, Anne's Catholic half-brother.\nDuring George's reign, the powers of the monarchy diminished and Britain began a transition to the modern system of cabinet government led by a prime minister. Towards the end of his reign, actual political power was held by Robert Walpole, now recognised as Britain's first de facto prime minister. George died of a stroke on a trip to his native Hanover, where he was buried. He is the most recent British monarch to be buried outside the United Kingdom.", "Q4898286": "Elisabeth Dee DeVos (; n\u00e9e Prince; born January 8, 1958) is the 11th and current United States Secretary of Education since 2017. DeVos is known for her support for school choice, school voucher programs, and charter schools. She was Republican National Committeewoman for Michigan from 1992 to 1997 and served as chair of the Michigan Republican Party from 1996 to 2000, with reelection to the post in 2003. She has advocated for the Detroit charter school system and she is a former member of the board of the Foundation for Excellence in Education. She has served as chair of the board of the Alliance for School Choice and the Acton Institute and headed the All Children Matter PAC.DeVos is married to former Amway CEO Dick DeVos. Her brother, Erik Prince, a former U.S. Navy SEAL officer, is the founder of Blackwater USA. Their father is Edgar Prince, founder of the Prince Corporation. In 2016, the family was listed by Forbes as the 88th-richest in America, with an estimated net worth of $5.4 billion.On November 23, 2016, then-President-elect Donald Trump announced that he would nominate DeVos to serve as Secretary of Education in his administration. On January 31, following strong opposition to the nomination from Democrats, the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions approved her nomination on a party-line vote, sending her nomination to the Senate floor. On February 7, 2017, she was confirmed by the Senate by a 51\u201350 margin, with Vice President Mike Pence breaking the tie in favor of her nomination. This was the first time in U.S. history that a Cabinet nominee's confirmation was decided by the Vice President's tiebreaking vote.\n\n", "Q8062695": "Y\u014dt\u014dden (\u6226\u56fd\u5947\u8b5a\u5996\u5200\u4f1d, Sengoku Kitan Y\u014dt\u014dden, \"A Warring States Legend of the Demon Blades\") is a 3-episode Japanese original video animation produced by J.C.Staff, the studio's first production. In 1989, Y\u014dt\u014dden was re-edited into a feature film version titled Wrath of the Ninja for English-speaking regions, but is currently out of print. A manga adaptation was serialized in Newtype.", "Q438704": "Robert Arthur Knox (21 August 1989 \u2013 24 May 2008) was an English actor who portrayed the character of Marcus Belby in the film Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, and had signed to appear in the planned film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.Having studied at Beths Grammar School, Bexley, Knox began acting aged 11, gaining small roles in British television shows like The Bill, After You've Gone and Trust Me, I'm a Teenager. His first cinematic appearance was as an extra in King Arthur (2004).\nKnox died after being stabbed outside a bar in Sidcup, Southeast London, in May 2008, when he intervened in a fight to protect his brother. His murder attracted widespread attention in the British press, and his assailant, Karl Norman Bishop, was subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment, with a minimum 20-year non-parole period. An annual film festival, the Rob Knox Film Festival, was created in the year 2008 to commemorate him, by the Rob Knox Foundation which helps fund training for young local people in the arts.", "Q941128": "Giovanni Maria Flick (born November 7, 1940) is an Italian journalist, politician, and jurist.", "Q4773164": "Anthony Nicholas Brady (August 22, 1841 \u2013 July 22, 1913) was a French-born American businessman who amassed great wealth and at one time was the largest shareholder in the American Tobacco Company.\n\n", "Q107071": "Bartholom\u00e4us Kalb (born 13 July 1949 in Mamming) is a German politician of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU).", "Q360046": "Christian Peter Coulson (born 3 October 1978) is an English actor best known for playing the 16-year old Tom Marvolo Riddle in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.", "Q1700754": "John Lauderdale Kennedy (October 27, 1854 \u2013 August 30, 1946) was an American Republican Party politician.\nBorn in Ayrshire, Scotland on October 27, 1854, he immigrated in 1874 to the United States and settled and farmed in LaSalle County, Illinois. He attended Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois in 1879 and then graduated from the law department of the University of Iowa in Iowa City in 1882. He passed the bar and briefly set up practice in Omaha, Nebraska being elected as a Republican to the Fifty-ninth United States Congress. He served from March 4, 1905, to March 3, 1907, unsuccessfully running for reelection in 1906.\nHe resumed practicing law in Omaha and became a member and chairman pro tempore of the board of fire and police commissioners for the city of Omaha in 1907 and 1908. He was the chairman of the Republican State committee in 1911 and 1912. He ran unsuccessfully for election to the United States Senate from Nebraska in 1916.\nHe was the Federal fuel administrator for Nebraska from October 1917 to March 1919. He was also the president of the United States National Bank from 1920 to 1925 and president of the Omaha Chamber of Commerce in 1924 and 1925. He retired in January 1933 and moved to Pacific Palisades, California, where he died August 30, 1946. He was buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery in Glendale, California.", "Q606120": "Henry Whitter (April 6, 1892 - November 17, 1941) was an early old-time recording artist in the United States. He first performed as a solo singer, guitarist and harmonica player, and later in partnership with the fiddler G. B. Grayson.", "Q32024": "Sergey Kuzhugetovich Shoygu (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041a\u0443\u0436\u0443\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u043e\u0439\u0433\u0443\u0301, [s\u02b2ir\u02c8\u0261\u02b2\u025bj ku\u0290u\u02c8\u0261\u02b2\u025bt\u0259vit\u0361\u0255 \u0282\u0250j\u02c8\u0261u], Tuvan: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u041a\u04af\u0436\u04af\u0433\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0433\u043b\u0443 \u0428\u043e\u0439\u0433\u0443, [s\u02b2ir\u02c8\u0261\u02b2\u025bj ky\u0292y\u02c8\u0263\u025bt \u0254\u02c8\u0263lu \u0283\u0254j\u02c8\u0263u]; born 21 May 1955) is a Russian politician and General of the Army who has served as Minister of Defence of the Russian Federation and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS since 2012.\nPreviously, Shoygu was Minister of Emergency Situations from 1991 to 2012, and briefly served as Governor of Moscow Oblast in 2012. Shoygu holds the military rank of General of the Army. Shoygu is also the President of the International Sport Federation of Firefighters and Rescuers.", "Q370533": "Claudio Langes (born 20 July 1960 in Brescia) is a racing driver from Italy.\nIn 1978 he won the Italian 125 cc go-kart championship. In subsequent years he competed in Formula 3 and in Formula 3000, where his best result was a second place at Pergusa-Enna, achieved in 1989 with a Lola Formula 3000.\nReaching Formula One in 1990, he failed to pre-qualify for all 14 of the grands prix that he entered with EuroBrun (still a record). Aside from Gary Brabham and Bruno Giacomelli in the Life entries, and at times Bertrand Gachot's Coloni, Langes was always the next slowest, often several seconds slower than his teammate Roberto Moreno before the cash-strapped team was closed. Langes later raced in touring cars.", "Q437351": "Angela Kay Everhart (born September 7, 1969) is an American actress and former model who appeared in several Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issues in the 1990s and posed nude for Playboy in 2000.", "Q22237": "Amy Jean Klobuchar ( KLOH-b\u0259-shar; born May 25, 1960) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the senior United States senator from Minnesota. A member of the Minnesota Democratic\u2013Farmer\u2013Labor Party (DFL), Minnesota's affiliate of the Democratic Party, she previously served as the Hennepin County attorney. She announced her candidacy for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2020 election in February 2019; however, she suspended her campaign on March 2, 2020, and endorsed Joe Biden.Born in Plymouth, Minnesota, Klobuchar is a graduate of Yale University and the University of Chicago Law School. She was a partner at two Minneapolis law firms before being elected county attorney for Hennepin County in 1998, making her responsible for all criminal prosecution in Minnesota's most populous county. Klobuchar was first elected to the Senate in 2006, becoming Minnesota's first elected female United States senator, and reelected in 2012 and 2018. In 2009 and 2010, she was described as a \"rising star\" in the Democratic Party.", "Q184378": "Rock Hudson (born Roy Harold Scherer Jr.; November 17, 1925 \u2013 October 2, 1985) was an American actor. One of the most popular movie stars of his time, Hudson's screen career spanned five decades. A prominent heartthrob of the Hollywood Golden Age, he achieved stardom with his role in Magnificent Obsession (1954), followed by All That Heaven Allows (1955) and Giant (1956), for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. Hudson also found continued success with a string of romantic comedies co-starring Doris Day: Pillow Talk (1959), Lover Come Back (1961), and Send Me No Flowers (1964). During the late 1960s, his films included Seconds (1966), Tobruk (1967), and Ice Station Zebra (1968). Unhappy with the film scripts he was offered, Hudson turned to television and was a hit, starring in the popular mystery series McMillan & Wife (1971\u20131977). His last role was as a guest star on the fifth season (1984\u20131985) of the primetime ABC soap opera Dynasty, until the ravages of AIDS-related illness made it impossible for him to continue.Numerous film magazines declared Hudson Star of the Year, Favorite Leading Man, and similar titles. He appeared in nearly 70 films and starred in several television productions during a career that spanned more than four decades. \nAlthough discreet regarding his sexual orientation, it was known by many in the film industry during his lifetime that he was gay. His sexual orientation became public knowledge following his death from AIDS-related complications in 1985, making him the first major celebrity to die from an AIDS-related illness.", "Q72400": "Ludwig Bamberger (22 July 1823 \u2013 14 March 1899) was a German Jewish economist, politician, revolutionary and writer.", "Q346081": "Christophe de Margerie (6 August 1951 \u2013 20 October 2014) was a French businessman. He served as the chairman and chief executive officer of French oil corporation Total S.A..", "Q23129": "Herefordshire () is a county in the West Midlands of England, governed by Herefordshire Council. It is bordered by Shropshire to the north, Worcestershire to the east, Gloucestershire to the south-east, and the Welsh counties of Monmouthshire and Powys to the west.\nHereford is a cathedral city and is the county town; with a population of approximately 55,800 inhabitants it is also the largest settlement. Situated in the historic Welsh Marches, Herefordshire is one of the most rural and sparsely populated counties in England, with a population density of 82/km\u00b2 (212/sq mi), and a 2017 population of 191,000 - the fourth-smallest of any ceremonial county in England. The land use is mostly agricultural and the county is well known for its fruit and cider production, and the Hereford cattle breed.", "Q62613": "Theodore Thomas (October 11, 1835 \u2013 January 4, 1905) was a German-American violinist, conductor, and orchestrator of German birth. He is considered the first renowned American orchestral conductor and was the founder and first music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra (1891\u20131905).", "Q234403": "Margaret Astrid Lindholm Ogden (born March 5, 1952), better known by her pen names Robin Hobb and Megan Lindholm, is an American writer. She has written five series set in the Realm of the Elderlings, which started in 1995 with the publication of Assassin's Apprentice and ended with Assassin's Fate in 2017. Her books have sold over a million copies.", "Q535234": "Konstantin Mirovich Kozeyev (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0435\u0432) is a retired Russian cosmonaut.\n\n", "Q163285": "Juan Antonio P\u00e9rez Bonalde (1846-1892) was a Venezuelan translator and poet. He is best known for his Hispanic romanticism style of work and was seen a precursor of Modernism. He is buried in the National Pantheon of Venezuela.", "Q324162": "Wie\u0144czys\u0142aw Gli\u0144ski (10 May 1921 \u2013 8 July 2008) was a Polish stage and film actor.\nHe was a member of the Polish resistance movement Home Army during World War II. He was also a prisoner in the Nazi German concentration camp Majdanek.\nAfter the war Wie\u0144czys\u0142aw Gli\u0144ski has starred in many movies. He has also performed in many theatres, including the Polish Theatre and National Theatre in Warsaw.\n\nA lecturer at the Pa\u0144stwowa Wy\u017csza Szko\u0142a Teatralna in Warsaw.\nAt the 1st Moscow International Film Festival he won a Silver Medal for acting for his role in the film The Eagle.", "Q965920": "Scott Gardner Shriner (born July 11, 1965) is an American musician best known as a member of the rock band Weezer, with whom he has recorded ten studio albums. Joining the band in 2001, Shriner is the band's longest serving bass guitarist.\nPrior to his musical career, Shriner was a member of the Marine Corps. At the age of twenty-five, he moved to Los Angeles, California to pursue a career in music, attending the Musicians Institute. Shriner subsequently performed with multiple independent acts, and toured in Vanilla Ice's backing band, in support of the rapper's nu metal album Hard to Swallow.\nIn 2001, Shriner joined Weezer on a provisional basis, following the sudden departure of bass guitarist Mikey Welsh, who had left the band due to personal reasons. Upon becoming Welsh's full-time replacement, Shriner made his recording debut on the band's fourth studio album, Maladroit (2002). During the band's tour in support of its fifth studio album, Make Believe (2005), Weezer frontman Rivers Cuomo would at times relinquish his role as lead vocalist to allow Shriner, and his bandmates, Brian Bell and Patrick Wilson, to sing lead vocals on specific songs. This increased vocal responsibility carried over to the band's 2008 self-titled release (aka the \"Red Album\"), where Shriner co-wrote and sang lead vocals on \"Cold Dark World\" and performed lead vocals on \"King\".\nShriner also performed in his bandmate Patrick Wilson's side-project The Special Goodness for some time.", "Q66475": "Hiob or Job Ludolf (Latin: Iobus Ludolfus or Ludolphus; 15 June 1624 \u2013 8 April 1704), also known as Job Leutholf, was a German orientalist, born at Erfurt. Edward Ullendorff rates Ludolf as having \"the most illustrious name in Ethiopic scholarship\".", "Q92292": "Karl Ludwig Freiherr von P\u00f6llnitz (25 February 1692 \u2013 23 June 1775) was a German adventurer and writer from Issum.", "Q230665": "Jill Clayburgh (April 30, 1944 \u2013 November 5, 2010) was an American actress known for her work in theater, television, and cinema. She is a recipient of Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her breakthrough role in Paul Mazursky's comedy-drama An Unmarried Woman (1978). She also received a second consecutive Academy Award nomination for Starting Over (1979) as well as four Golden Globe nominations for her film performances.", "Q69746": "Alexander Nuno Alvaro (born 26 May 1975) is a German politician and was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) with the Free Democratic Party of Germany, which is part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. During his first mandate he worked in the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs; he was a substitute for the Committee on Legal Affairs, a member of the delegation for relations with the Palestinian Legislative Council and a substitute for the delegation for relations with Australia and New Zealand.\nDuring his second mandate, he became Vice-President of the Committee on Budgets, member of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, of the Special committee on the policy challenges and budgetary resources for a sustainable European Union after 2013, and of the Delegation for relations with Iran and Spokesman of the ALDE group for Home Affairs.\nAlvaro was also involved in many European dossiers and campaigns, initiating the Oneseat campaign (Oneseat.eu) with Swedish Minister for European affairs and ex-MEP Cecilia Malmstr\u00f6m, dealing with the American Government on the Swift International EU-US Treaty, and defending civil liberties on legislative projects such as ACTA.\nOn 22 February 2013, Alvaro was involved in a car crash in which the vehicle Alvaro was driving struck another car. Alvaro was badly injured and the driver in the other vehicle was killed though it is not known if he had already died before due to an accident which happened before. Two more passengers in the other car were badly injured. Alvaro spent time in a coma, was hospitalised for several months and returned to Parliament in September.\nHe was founder and board member of EU40 www.eu40.eu, the associations of MEPs and EU officials under the age of 40, aiming at enhancing trans-partisan generation-based EU policies.\n\n", "Q686046": "Alfred Jules Belpaire (25 September 1820 \u2013 27 January 1893) was a Belgian locomotive engineer who invented the square-topped Belpaire firebox in 1864.\nBelpaire was born in Ostend, and first studied at the Athenaeum School in Antwerp. He then became a student at the \u00c9cole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in Paris, France from 1837 to 1840 where he obtained a degree in mechanical engineering.\nBelpaire was then employed at the Belgian State Railways, where he worked as a mechanical engineer for more than 50 years. He was first director of the railway workshops at Mechelen and then from 1850 put in charge of all materials and based in Brussels. He first developed a firebox to burn poor quality coals and then around 1860 generalised his invention into a robust thermally efficient design which bears his name. His firebox was used in locomotives in his native Belgium and also then extensively in Britain, North America and around the world. The Belpaire firebox had an improved transfer of heat and steam production due to its greater surface area at the top. While attaching it to a boiler was more difficult due to its oblong shape, it had simpler interior bracing as an advantage.\nAlfred Belpaire was one of the founders of the Congr\u00e8s International des Chemins de Fer, of which he was president in 1891.He died in Schaarbeek, aged 72.\n\n", "Q322513": "Taran Noah Smith (born April 8, 1984) is an American former actor widely known for his role as Mark Taylor on the sitcom Home Improvement.", "Q172388": "Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai (Pashto: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0632\u06cc\u200e, Dari: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0632\u06cc; born 19 May 1949) is an Afghan politician who is serving as the President of Afghanistan. He was first elected on 20 September 2014 and was re-elected in the 28 September 2019 presidential election. He was announced the winner after a protracted process in February 2020 and was sworn in for a second term on 9 March 2020. An anthropologist by education, he previously served as Minister of Finance and the Chancellor of Kabul University.\nBefore returning to Afghanistan in 2002, Ghani was a professor of anthropology at numerous institutions (mostly Johns Hopkins University), and later started working with the World Bank. As the Finance Minister of Afghanistan between July 2002 and December 2004, he led Afghanistan's attempted economic recovery after the collapse of the Taliban government.He is the co-founder of the Institute for State Effectiveness, an organization set up in 2005 to improve the ability of states to serve their citizens. In 2005 he gave a TED talk, in which he discussed how to rebuild a broken state such as Afghanistan. He is a member of the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor, an independent initiative hosted by the United Nations Development Programme. In 2013 he was ranked 50th in an online poll to name the world's top 100 intellectuals conducted by Foreign Policy magazine and second in a similar poll run by Prospect magazine.An independent politician, Ghani came in fourth in the 2009 presidential election, behind Hamid Karzai, Abdullah Abdullah, and Ramazan Bashardost. In the first round of the 2014 presidential election, Ghani secured 35% of the vote, second to Abdullah who secured 45% of the votes cast. However, in the second round of 2014 presidential election Ghani secured around 55.3% of the votes while Abdullah secured around 44.7% of the votes cast. As a result, chaos ensued and United States had to intervene to form a unity government.Ghani was re-elected when the final results of the 2019 Presidential elections were announced after a long delay on 18 February 2020. He was sworn in as president on 9 March 2020, although his opponent Abdullah Abdullah rejected the results and moved to set up a parallel government.", "Q103571": "Josef Ettlinger (1869\u20131912) was a German literary historian, critic, journalist and translator.\n\n", "Q519906": "Jackie Moore (1946 \u2013 November 8, 2019) was an American R&B singer. Born in Jacksonville, Florida, she is best known for her gold single 1970 song \"Precious, Precious,\" which reached No. 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on March 6, 1971. This disc sold over one million copies, and received a gold disc awarded by the R.I.A.A. in March 1971.Also noteworthy was her 1979 disco hit \"This Time Baby,\" which hit No. 1 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart. The track reached No. 49 in the UK Singles Chart. The latter would later be sampled for the 2005 dance radio and club hit \"Love on My Mind\" by the Freemasons featuring Amanda Wilson. Moore also had a US pop chart hit (No. 42) with Bunny Sigler and Phil Hurtt's upbeat \"Sweet Charlie Babe\" in the fall of 1973, which she recorded with the Philadelphia Strings and Horns.\nBefore her success at Atlantic Records and Columbia Records, Moore recorded for Wand Records which produced the single \"Who Told You.\" Her debut \"Dear John\" was released on Shout Records in 1969.Reviewing the 1973 Sweet Charlie Babe LP, Robert Christgau wrote in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), \"Figures that this should fall somewhere between state-of-the-art and great-mean soul: the five hits go back to 'Precious, Precious' in the winter of '71, with the two latest cut at a funkier-than-usual Sigma in Philadelphia and the others by a simpler-than-usual Crawford-Shapiro team at Criteria in Miami. Moore's voice is simultaneously sweet and rough, an unusual combination in a woman, and the songs are pretty consistent. But she lacks not only persona but personality, so that what in technical terms is pretty impressive stuff never goes over the top.\"\"This Time Baby\" was a featured song in the video game, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories.", "Q434658": "Anthony Suau is an American photojournalist and documentary filmmaker, based in New York City.", "Q68458": "Katina Schubert (born 28 December 1961) is a German politician who has been one of four deputy chairpersons of the German socialist party Die Linke (\"The Left\") since 2007.Schubert was born in Heidelberg. From 1981-1989 she studied political science, sociology and economics, primarily in Bonn. For parts of the 1990s, Schubert worked as a volunteer and journalist.\nIn her youth (1980\u20131982) Schubert was a member of the German Social Democratic Party's (SPD) youth organization, but later became involved with the extraparliamentary left. In 1996 she started to work in the office of the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) in the German Bundestag, and in 2001 she joined the party as a member. The PDS was the successor of the East German communist party \"Socialist Unity Party of Germany\" (SED) after reforms in 1990. In 2003, Schubert joined the board of the PDS. In connection with the fusion of Die Linkspartei (the name of PDS from 2005) and Labour and Social Justice \u2013 The Electoral Alternative (WASG) to form Die Linke, Schubert became one of four vice chairmen of the party, which is led by two chairmen, one from the former Linkspartei and one from the former WASG.", "Q389828": "Carl Georg Munters (22 March 1897 \u2013 1989) was a Swedish inventor, most known for inventing together with Baltzar von Platen the gas absorption refrigerator now sold by Electrolux. He also invented and patented a method of making foamed plastic, which was later rediscovered by Dow Chemical Company and used to make Styrofoam.\n\n", "Q1522559": "Gianni Bedori (25 November 1930 \u2013 21 January 2005), also known as Johnny Sax, was an Italian jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, flautist and composer.", "Q1065383": "Fumi Yoshinaga (\u3088\u3057\u306a\u304c \u3075\u307f, Yoshinaga Fumi, born 1971) is a Japanese manga artist known for her sh\u014djo and sh\u014dnen-ai works.", "Q59691": "Noureddin Mustafa Ali al-Atassi (11 January 1929 \u2013 3 December 1992) (Arabic: \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u200e N\u016br ad-D\u012bn Mu\u1e63\u1e6daf\u0101 al-'Atas\u012b) was President of Syria from February 1966 to November 1970.", "Q967": "Burundi ( (listen), ), officially the Republic of Burundi (Kirundi: Republika y'Uburundi, [u.\u03b2u.\u027e\u01d4\u02d0.ndi]; French: R\u00e9publique du Burundi, [bu\u0281undi] or [by\u0281yndi]), is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley where the African Great Lakes region and East Africa converge. It is bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and southeast, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; Lake Tanganyika lies along its southwestern border. The capital cities are Gitega and Bujumbura.The Twa, Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent kingdom, until the beginning of the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation.\nBurundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the economy undeveloped and the population as one of the world's poorest. \nThe presidents of Rwanda and Burundi, both Hutus, died together when their aeroplane was shot down in April 1994. 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office, a coup attempt failed and the country's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community.\nThe sovereign state of Burundi's political system is that of a presidential representative democratic republic based upon a multi-party state. The President of Burundi is the head of state and head of government. There are currently 21 registered parties in Burundi. On 13 March 1992, Tutsi coup leader Pierre Buyoya established a constitution, which provided for a multi-party political process and reflected multi-party competition. Six years later, on 6 June 1998, the constitution was changed, broadening National Assembly's seats and making provisions for two vice-presidents. Because of the Arusha Accord, Burundi enacted a transitional government in 2000. In October 2016, Burundi informed the UN of its intention to withdraw from the International Criminal Court.Burundi remains primarily a rural society, with just 13.4% of the population living in urban areas in 2019. The population density of around 315 people per square kilometre (753 per sq mi) is the second highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Roughly 85% of the population are of Hutu ethnic origin, 15% are Tutsi, and fewer than 1% are indigenous Twa. The official languages of Burundi are Kirundi, French and English, Kirundi being recognised officially as the sole national language.One of the smallest countries in Africa, Burundi has an equatorial climate. Burundi is a part of the Albertine Rift, the western extension of the East African Rift. The country lies on a rolling plateau in the centre of Africa. The highest peak, Mount Heha at 2,685 m (8,810 ft), lies to the southeast of the largest city, Bujumbura. The most distant source of the River Nile is the Ruvyironza River in the Bururi Province of Burundi, the Nile is linked from Lake Victoria to its headwaters via the Kagera River to the Ruvyironza River. Another major lake is Lake Tanganyika, located in much of Burundi's southwestern corner. There are two national parks, Kibira National Park to the northwest (a small region of rain forest, adjacent to Nyungwe Forest National Park in Rwanda), and Ruvubu National Park to the northeast (along the Rurubu River, also known as Ruvubu or Ruvuvu). Both were established in 1982 to conserve wildlife populations. Burundi's lands are mostly agricultural or pasture.\nSettlement by rural populations has led to deforestation, soil erosion and habitat loss. Deforestation of the entire country is almost completely due to overpopulation, with a mere 600 km2 (230 sq mi) remaining and an ongoing loss of about 9% per annum. In addition to poverty, Burundians often have to deal with corruption, weak infrastructure, poor access to health and education services, and hunger. Burundi is densely populated and has had substantial emigration as young people seek opportunities elsewhere. The World Happiness Report 2018 ranked Burundi as the world's least happy nation with a rank of 156.", "Q105114": "G\u00fcnter Pfitzmann (8 April 1924 \u2013 30 May 2003) was a German film actor who appeared in more than 60 films between 1950 and 2001. He was born and died in Berlin, Germany.", "Q696241": "The Khanate of Kokand (Uzbek: Qo\u2018qon Xonligi; \u049a\u045e\u049b\u043e\u043d \u0425\u043e\u043d\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438, \u0642\u06c7\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0649\u06af\u0649; Persian: \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0642\u0646\u062f\u200e, romanized: X\u00e2n\u00e2te Xuqand) was an Uzbek state in Fergana Valley, Central Asia that existed from 1709\u20131876 within the territory of eastern Uzbekistan, modern Kyrgyzstan, eastern Tajikistan and southeastern Kazakhstan. The name of the city and the khanate may also be spelled as Khoqand in modern scholarly literature.", "Q66461": "Givisiez is a municipality in the district of Sarine in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was formerly known in German as Siebenzach, but this usage is no longer common.", "Q69752": "R\u00fcti (sometimes written as R\u00fcti ZH in order to distinguish it from other \"R\u00fctis\") is a Swiss town and a municipality in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Z\u00fcrich. The river Jona flows through the town.", "Q433123": "Peter Grant (5 April 1935 \u2013 21 November 1995) was the manager of Led Zeppelin from their creation in 1968 to their break up in 1980. With his intimidating size (6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) and over 300 pound) and confrontational manner, combined with his knowledge and experience, he drove strong deals for his band, and is widely credited with improving pay and conditions for all musicians in dealings with concert promoters. Grant has been described as \"one of the shrewdest and most ruthless managers in rock history\".Born and largely brought up in the south London suburb of South Norwood, England by his mother, he worked variously as a stagehand, bouncer, wrestler, bit-part actor, and UK tour manager for acts such as Chuck Berry, Gene Vincent and the Animals, before getting involved briefly in band management with the Nashville Teens and the Yardbirds.He was also a record executive for Swan Song Records. \n\n", "Q236200": "Christa Beatrice Miller (born May 28, 1964) is an American actress who has achieved success in television comedy. Her foremost roles include Kate O'Brien on The Drew Carey Show and Jordan Sullivan on Scrubs (which was created by her husband Bill Lawrence). She has also appeared in Seinfeld, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air and CSI: Miami. From 2009 to 2015, she starred in the TBS (formerly ABC) sitcom Cougar Town, also created by Lawrence.", "Q2300959": "Scarsdale is a town and village in Westchester County, New York, United States. The Town of Scarsdale is coextensive with the Village of Scarsdale, but the community has opted to operate solely with a village government, one of several villages in the state that have a similar governmental situation. As of the 2010 census, Scarsdale's population was 17,166.\n\n", "Q896116": "The Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design (HfG) is a state art college founded in 1992 in Karlsruhe. It focuses on media art, communication design , product design , exhibition design and scenography, art research and media philosophy with a strong interdisciplinarity between the departments. The university has about 400 students.\n\n", "Q74065": "Sonya Kraus (born 22 June 1973 in Frankfurt) is a German television presenter and former model.", "Q90491": "Karl Wahl (24 September 1892 \u2013 18 February 1981) was the Nazi Gauleiter of Swabia from the Gau inception in 1928 until the collapse of Nazi Germany in 1945.\nAfter the war, Wahl spent 3\u00bd years in jail before being released in late 1948. In 1954, he became the first former Gauleiter to publish his autobiography.", "Q371639": "Jacques Bergier (French: [b\u025b\u0281\u0292je]; maybe born Yakov Mikhailovich Berger; (Russian: \u042f\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u00e9\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0440); Odessa, 21 August [O.S. 8 August] 1912 \u2013 Paris, 23 November 1978) was a chemical engineer, member of the French-resistance, spy, journalist and writer. He co-wrote the best-seller The Morning of the Magicians with Louis Pauwels about fantastic realism.", "Q2577752": "William Arthur Purtell (May 6, 1897 \u2013 May 31, 1978) was an American businessman and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he represented Connecticut in the United States Senate in 1952 and from 1953 to 1959.", "Q734192": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Mach\u00e1\u010dek (born 6 July 1966 in Litom\u011b\u0159ice) is a Czech actor and singer.", "Q234417": "Yuu Watase (\u6e21\u702c \u60a0\u5b87, Watase Yuu, born March 5, 1970, in Kishiwada, Osaka) is a Japanese sh\u014djo manga artist. Watase received the Shogakukan Manga Award for sh\u014djo for Ceres, Celestial Legend in 1997. Watase debuted at the age of eighteen with the short story \"Pajama de Ojama\" (\"An Intrusion in Pajamas\"), and has since created more than 80 compiled volumes of short stories and continuing series. In October 2008, Watase began her first sh\u014dnen serialization, Arata: The Legend in Weekly Sh\u014dnen Sunday.\nHer name is romanized as \"Y\u00fb Watase\" in earlier printings of Viz Media's publications of Fushigi Y\u016bgi, Alice 19th, and Ceres, Celestial Legend, while in Viz Media's Fushigi Y\u016bgi Genbu Kaiden and Absolute Boyfriend her name is romanized as \"Yuu Watase\". In Chuang Yi's English-language versions of Fushigi Yugi (spelled without a macron or circumflex), her name is romanized as \"Yu Watase\". Yuu Watase is a pen name. She chose \"Yuu\" because she liked the name.\nIn May 2019, Watase came out as x-gender, a Japanese non-binary gender identity.", "Q786720": "Richard James Bright (June 28, 1937 \u2013 February 18, 2006) was an American actor well known for his role as Al Neri in the Godfather films.", "Q515696": "Knut Nystedt (3 September 1915 \u2013 8 December 2014) was a Norwegian orchestral and choral composer.", "Q9195": "Sagarm\u0101th\u0101 (Nepali: \u0938\u0917\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0925\u093e \u0905\u091e\u094d\u091a\u0932Listen ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal until the restructuring of zones into provinces. Sagarm\u0101th\u0101 is a Nepali word derived from \u0938\u0917\u0930 (sagar) meaning \"sky\" and \u092e\u093e\u0925\u093e (m\u0101th\u0101) meaning \"head\".It includes mountain districts of the Himalayas (including Mount Everest) in the north, hill districts in the center, and valley districts of the Terai in the south. It is bordered by China to the north, India to the south, the Koshi Zone to the east and the Janakpur Zone to the west.\nSagarm\u0101th\u0101 is divided into six districts:\n\nThe main city of the Sagarm\u0101th\u0101 Zone was Rajbiraj which was also the headquarters. Other towns of the Sagarm\u0101th\u0101 hill area were Katari, Okhaldhunga, Diktel, Salleri and Namche Bazaar; while Kathauna, Lahan, Fatepur, Rajbiraj and Siraha are in the outer Terai. Triyuga is an emerging city in the zone.Sagarm\u0101th\u0101 Zone took its name from the Nepalese name for Mount Everest, which is located in the very north of the zone within the Sagarmatha National Park (1,148 km\u00b2) in the Solu Khumbu district. Sagarm\u0101th\u0101 means \"the Head in the Great Blue Sky\".", "Q659356": "Don Luis Jos\u00e9 Sartorius y Tapia, 1st Count of San Luis (Seville, Spain, 1820 \u2013 Madrid, Spain, 22 February 1871) was a Spanish noble, politician and journalist who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 1853 to 1854, during the reign of Queen Isabella II.\nSartorius, a man of very traditional convictions, was the leader of a faction of the Moderate Party which, because of his erroneously supposed Polish origin, was known as los polacos (\"the Poles\"). His newspaper, El Herlado, became one of the mainstays of the moderates during the regency of the Progressivist Baldomero Espartero. During the Moderate decade (1844-1854), Sartorius held several political offices, especially three times as Ministry of the Interior (Ministro de Gobernacion) in 1847, 1849-1851 and 1853-1854. He became Prime Minister between 1853 and 1854.", "Q786046": "Uday Prakash (born 1 January 1952) is a Hindi poet, scholar, journalist, translator and short story writer from India.\nHe has worked as administrator, editor, researcher, and TV director. He writes for major dailies and periodicals as a freelancer. He has also received several awards for his collection of short stories, Mohan Das.", "Q348906": "William Robert Young (born 20 January 1979) is a British singer-songwriter and actor from Wokingham, England, who came to prominence after winning the 2002 inaugural series of the ITV talent contest Pop Idol, making him the first winner of the worldwide Idol franchise. His double A-sided debut single \"Anything Is Possible\" / \"Evergreen\" was released two weeks after the show's finale and became the fastest-selling debut single in the UK. Young also came in fifth place in World Idol performing the single \"Light My Fire\" written by the band The Doors.\nAs a teenager, Young studied politics at the University of Exeter before moving to London, where he studied musical theatre at Arts Educational School. Young put his studies on hold in late 2001 to become a contestant on Pop Idol. After winning the competition the following year, he released his debut album From Now On (2002) which went straight to number one. Friday's Child (2003) followed and enjoyed greater success, eventually going platinum five times in the UK and spawning three top five singles. His following albums Keep On (2005), Let It Go (2008) and Echoes (2011) also went multi-platinum and his most recent release 85% Proof (2015) became his fourth UK number-one album. His albums have spawned many songs that have achieved top ten positions in the UK, four of which went to the number one spot. Young has also undertaken numerous concert tours, and has accumulated multiple honours, including two Brit Awards from 12 nominations, and the estimated worldwide sale of over eight million albums. Young's net worth was estimated at \u00a313.5 million in April 2012.Alongside his music career, Young has acted in film, on stage and in television. For his performance in the 2013 London revival of the musical Cabaret, he was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical. He has also participated in philanthropy and released books Anything is Possible (2002), On Camera, Off Duty (2004) and his autobiography Funny Peculiar (2012).", "Q287805": "Soleil Moon Frye (; born August 6, 1976) is an American actress, director and screenwriter. She began her career as a child actor at the age of two. When she was seven years old, Frye won the role of Penelope \"Punky\" Brewster in the sitcom Punky Brewster. The series, which debuted on NBC in September 1984, earned consistently low ratings but the Punky character was a hit with young children. After NBC canceled the series, it was picked up for the syndication market where it aired for an additional two seasons ending in 1988.\nAfter the series ended, Frye continued her career in guest spots on television and supporting roles in films. She attended The New School during the late 1990s, and directed her first film, Wild Horses in 1998. In 2000, she joined the cast of Sabrina the Teenage Witch as Roxie King, Sabrina Spellman's (Melissa Joan Hart) roommate and close friend. Frye remained with the series until its end in April 2003. She has since continued her acting career working mainly as a voice actor.\nIn 1998, Frye married producer Jason Goldberg, with whom she has four children. She has since opened an organic specialty clothing shop for children, The Little Seed, in Los Angeles. She also hosts a blog and web series which focus on child rearing and women's issues. In 2011, Frye released her first book Happy Chaos: From Punky to Parenting and My Perfectly Imperfect Adventures in Between.\nFrye was host of the Home Made Simple show on the Oprah Winfrey Network from 2013 to 2014.", "Q3077698": "Forrester Harvey (27 June 1884 \u2013 14 December 1945) was an Irish film actor.\nFrom 1922 until his death year Harvey appeared in more than 115 films. He was credited for about two-thirds of his film appearances, but some of his roles were uncredited. The burly actor with a mustache mostly played comic supporting roles, often as an innkeeper. His best-known role was Beamish in the first two Tarzan films starring Johnny Weissmuller. Together with Claude Rains, he played in The Invisible Man, as a tavern owner and husband of a hysterical Una O'Connor, and in The Wolf Man. He appeared in two films for Alfred Hitchcock, first in his British silent film The Ring (1927), later in Hitchcock's Hollywood debut Rebecca (1940). A number of reference works incorrectly identify him as having played Little Maria's father in Frankenstein. Harvey's interment was in California.", "Q116168": "Johann Rudolf Wyss German pronunciation: [\u02c8jo\u02d0han \u02c8ru\u02d0d\u0254lf \u02c8vi\u02d0s] (4 March 1782 \u2013 21 March 1830) was a Swiss author, writer, and folklorist who wrote the words to the former Swiss national anthem Rufst Du, mein Vaterland in 1811, and also edited the novel The Swiss Family Robinson, written by his father Johann David Wyss, published in 1812.", "Q185714": "Daniel Keyes (August 9, 1927 \u2013 June 15, 2014) was an American writer who wrote the novel Flowers for Algernon. Keyes was given the Author Emeritus honor by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 2000.", "Q55915": "W\u0142odzimierz Cimoszewicz (Polish pronunciation: [vw\u0254\u02c8d\u0361\u0291imj\u025b\u0282 t\u0361\u0255im\u0254\u02c8\u0282\u025bvit\u0361\u0282] (listen), born 13 September 1950) is a Polish left-wing politician who served as Prime Minister of Poland for a year from 7 February 1996 to 31 October 1997, after being defeated in the Parliamentary elections by the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS). He was born in Warsaw.", "Q3056656": "Thihathu of Ava (Burmese: \u101e\u102e\u101f\u101e\u1030, pronounced [\u03b8\u00echa\u0330\u00f0\u00f9]; also known as Aung Pinle Hsinbyushin Thihathu; 1394\u20131425) was king of Ava from 1421 to 1425. Though he opportunistically renewed the Forty Years' War with Hanthawaddy Pegu in 1422, Thihathu agreed to a peace treaty with Prince Binnya Ran in 1423. His subsequent marriage to Ran's sister Princess Shin Saw Pu helped keep the peace between the two kingdoms when Ran became king of Pegu in 1424.\nThihathu was assassinated in 1425 in a coup engineered by Queen Shin Bo-Me. He is remembered as the Aung Pinle Hsinbyushin (Burmese: \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1004\u103a\u101c\u101a\u103a \u1006\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a [\u0294\u00e0\u028a\u0274 b\u026a\u0300\u0274l\u025b\u0300 s\u02b0\u026a\u0300\u0274bj\u00f9\u0283\u026a\u0300\u0274]; lit. Lord of the White Elephant of Aung Pinle) nat in the pantheon of Burmese nat spirits.", "Q339127": "Accidents Happen is a 2009 Australian coming-of-age comedy drama film directed by Andrew Lancaster and starring Geena Davis, Harrison Gilbertson, Harry Cook (actor), Sebastian Gregory, Joel Tobeck, and Sarah Woods. Written by Brian Carbee, based on his own childhood and adolescence, the story revolves around an accident-prone teenage boy and his family. The film was shot in Sydney, New South Wales, over June \u2013 July 2008, and opened in Australia on 22 April 2010.", "Q128086": "Formia is a city and comune in the province of Latina, on the Mediterranean coast of Lazio (Italy). It is located halfway between Rome and Naples, and lies on the Roman-era Appian Way. It has a population of 38,095.", "Q326007": "Denis Sargent Jenkinson (11 December 1920 \u2013 29 November 1996), \"Jenks\" or \"DSJ\" as he was known in the pages of Motor Sport, was a journalist deeply involved in motorsports. As Continental Correspondent of the UK-based Motor Sport magazine, he covered Formula One and other races all over Europe.\nJenkinson became a motor sport enthusiast in the mid-1930s:\n\n\"In 1936 I saw a racing car \"in the flesh\" or should I say \"in the metal,\" for the first time, that was an E.R.A. at the schoolboys' Exhibition. Later in the year, whilst staying at Brighton, I found that the Lewes Speed Trials were quite near, so off I went to find the venue. It was there that I first saw racing-cars in action, what a thrill!\" \nJenkinson was studying engineering at the Regent Street Polytechnic when the Second World War broke out. As a conscientious objector, he served in a civilian capacity at the Royal Aircraft Establishment in Farnborough. This brought him into contact with Bill Boddy, editor of Motor Sport, and other enthusiasts. In 1943 Motor Sport reported: \"D.S. Jenkinson has constructed himself a very nice motor-bicycle of Norton parts, with taper forks, much of the work being accomplished by torch-light in a small shed.\" After the war Jenkinson started competing on two and four wheels, but he lacked the funds to race regularly. He found that acting as sidecar passenger to top riders enabled him to both enjoy top-level European competition himself while being paid and to scratch a living writing about it \u2013 he was passenger to Eric Oliver (with whom he became World Champion in 1949) and Marcel Masuy. He competed as a sidecar passenger the following two seasons, latterly for BMW. He was 'given\" a BMW R67 motorcycle for his personal use by the factory and with a sidecar attached used this to travel to report on racing throughout Europe. Jenkinson rarely wrote about his personal life but mentioned how he would pick up Mike Hawthorn, living nearby, who would ride it with Jenks as passenger.\nJenkinson abandoned front-line competition to become Continental Correspondent for Motor Sport. He spent his summers touring Europe and his winters in a succession of 'digs' in England; Jenks eventually settled near Crondall in Hampshire in a tiny run-down house with no mains electricity or water, largely full of his archives and of parts of vehicles he was 'fettling'. He was legendary in the sport for the lack of basic domestic amenities in his home; to Jenks nothing mattered but racing. He became accepted as the 'elder statesman' of British racing journalists due to his closeness to the teams and drivers, his conversational writing style and his obvious and enduring passion for the sport.\nDSJ loved to race and drive Porsche cars and coined the term wischening (pronounced as if in German) for the manner in which one may corner successfully in a Porsche 356. He later adopted an E-Type Jaguar as his work transport, although at home he had assorted decrepit vehicles including an elderly Mercedes-Benz saloon, a Citro\u00ebn 2CV and others.\nHis most famous competitive outing was as navigator for Stirling Moss during the 1955 Mille Miglia; his article With Moss In The Mille Miglia is generally acknowledged as a classic of motor racing journalism. His book The Racing Driver was based on his experience as navigator and is a true classic worthy of any motorsports literature collection. His \"pacenotes\" while on this event were pioneering, leading up to today's use of pacenotes in rallying. Jenkinson and Moss together went on to beat the five time Formula One World Champion Juan Manuel Fangio to win the race by 32 minutes, in a Daimler Benz AG with a Mercedes engine. This is one of the first examples of motoring journalists being an active part on what they are reporting. Jenkinson was one of the first ex drivers to go into reporting and journalism, a commonplace in today's coverage of Formula One with the likes of Jenson Button (2009 Formula One World Champion), Martin Brundle (former driver for McLaren Racing and Benetton Formula) and Nico Rosberg (2016 Formula One World Champion). \nOne of Jenks' most famous exploits was road-testing an unregistered, unsilenced and very much not road-legal Lotus Formula Two car on the roads near his Hampshire home on Christmas Day 1958, the logic being that the roads would be quiet and few police would be active.\nAs well as his journalism, Jenkinson went on to write several other motorsports books about Porsche, Frazer Nash, the Jaguar E-type, the 2.5-litre Formula One, Juan Manuel Fangio, the Schlumpf Collection and a particular Maserati. A compilation of some of his best pieces, and biographical articles about him, was published soon after his death as Jenks: A Passion For Motor Sport.\nFor many years in the 1950s he produced an annual Racing Car Review for Motor Sport, but stopped doing so as he became increasingly disgruntled with the discrepancies between the chassis numbers teams quoted and what was actually being raced; rather than compromise his journalistic integrity, Jenkinson simply stopped producing the books.\nJenkinson also developed the classification of a driver's effort into \"tenths\". 10/10ths being the highest, attained by only a few drivers in history; the ability to 'Tiger' (to race at ten-tenths and achieve feats that other drivers would find impossible) was seen as crucial for a champion.\nIn the sixties Jenkinson did much to promote the sport of drag racing in the pages of Motor Sport magazine. On 14 September 1963 he rode his NorBSA motorcycle, a BSA Gold Star 500 cc engine in a modified and lowered Norton frame, at the Brighton Speed Trials. He drove an Allard Dragon dragster and also rode a 648 cc Triumph sprint motorcycle in the 1965 Drag Festival. He remained a motorcycle enthusiast, and competed in hillclimbs and sprints on his own Tribsa hybrid well into his seventies. As DSJ he contributed regular columns and features for several decades to Motor Sport's sister magazine Motorcycle Sport run from the same offices at Standard House.\nIn his later years, he became involved with Brooklands Museum and was involved in several adventurous operations, including exploring sealed up underground air raid shelters. Despite his advanced years, he worked as hard as any of the others involved and never asked for or received any special treatment.\nJenkinson suffered a series of strokes in 1996 and moved to a home administered by the motor industry benevolent fund (BEN); he died on 29 November 1996.", "Q716333": "Jos\u00e9 Moreno Hern\u00e1ndez (born August 7, 1962) is a former NASA astronaut and American engineer .\nHern\u00e1ndez was assigned to the crew of Space Shuttle mission STS-128. He also served as chief of the Materials and Processes branch of Johnson Space Center. Hern\u00e1ndez previously developed equipment for full-field digital mammography at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Hern\u00e1ndez left NASA in 2011.\nIn October 2011, Hern\u00e1ndez, at the urging of President Barack Obama, ran for Congress as a Democrat in California's newly redrawn 10th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives. He won the Democratic nomination, but lost the 2012 general election to freshman incumbent Representative Jeff Denham.", "Q3052430": "Regionalist League of Catalonia (Catalan: Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya, IPA: [\u02c8\u028ei\u0263\u0259 r\u0259\u0292i.un\u0259\u02c8list\u0259 \u00f0\u0259 k\u0259t\u0259\u02c8lu\u0272\u0259]; 1901\u20131936) was a right wing political party of Catalonia, Spain. It had a Catalanist, conservative, and monarchic ideology. Notable members of the party were Enric Prat de la Riba, Francesc Camb\u00f3, Agust\u00ed Riera i Pau, Joan Ventosa and Ramon d'Abadal i Calder\u00f3.\nThe League's press organ was the La Veu de Catalunya newspaper (1899\u20131936).", "Q175395": "Adolf Avraham Berman (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05e3 \u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4\u05dd \u05d1\u05e8\u05de\u05df\u200e, 17 October 1906 \u2013 3 February 1978) was a Polish-Israeli activist and communist politician.", "Q5977": "Charles Hardin Holley (September 7, 1936 \u2013 February 3, 1959), known professionally as Buddy Holly, was an American musician and singer-songwriter who was a central and pioneering figure of mid-1950s rock and roll. He was born in Lubbock, Texas, to a musical family during the Great Depression, and learned to play guitar and sing alongside his siblings. His style was influenced by gospel music, country music, and rhythm and blues acts, which he performed in Lubbock with his friends from high school.\nHe made his first appearance on local television in 1952, and the following year he formed the group \"Buddy and Bob\" with his friend Bob Montgomery. In 1955, after opening for Elvis Presley, he decided to pursue a career in music. He opened for Presley three times that year; his band's style shifted from country and western to entirely rock and roll. In October that year, when he opened for Bill Haley & His Comets, he was spotted by Nashville scout Eddie Crandall, who helped him get a contract with Decca Records.\nHolly's recording sessions at Decca were produced by Owen Bradley, who had become famous for producing orchestrated country hits for stars like Patsy Cline. Unhappy with Bradley's musical style and control in the studio, Holly went to producer Norman Petty in Clovis, New Mexico, and recorded a demo of \"That'll Be the Day\", among other songs. Petty became the band's manager and sent the demo to Brunswick Records, which released it as a single credited to \"The Crickets\", which became the name of Holly's band. In September 1957, as the band toured, \"That'll Be the Day\" topped the US and UK singles charts. Its success was followed in October by another major hit, \"Peggy Sue\".\nThe album Chirping Crickets, released in November 1957, reached number five on the UK Albums Chart. Holly made his second appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show in January 1958 and soon after, toured Australia and then the UK. In early 1959, he assembled a new band, consisting of future country music star Waylon Jennings (bass), famed session musician Tommy Allsup (guitar), and Carl Bunch (drums), and embarked on a tour of the midwestern U.S. After a show in Clear Lake, Iowa, he chartered an airplane to travel to his next show, in Moorhead, Minnesota. Soon after takeoff, the plane crashed, killing Holly, Ritchie Valens, The Big Bopper, and pilot Roger Peterson in a tragedy later referred to by Don McLean as \"The Day the Music Died\".\nDuring his short career, Holly wrote and recorded several songs. He is often regarded as the artist who defined the traditional rock-and-roll lineup of two guitars, bass, and drums. He was a major influence on later popular music artists, including Elvis Presley, Bob Dylan, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Eric Clapton, The Hollies (who named themselves in his honor), Elvis Costello, Marshall Crenshaw (who later played Holly), and Elton John. He was among the first artists inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in 1986. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 13 in its list of \"100 Greatest Artists\".", "Q67019": "Gurbr\u00fc (French: Corbruil) is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q322261": "Timothy Harold Parks (born 19 December 1954) is a British novelist, translator, author and professor of literature.\n\n", "Q4999826": "Burning Bush (Czech: Ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed ke\u0159) is a 2013 three-part miniseries created for HBO by Polish director Agnieszka Holland. Based on real characters and events, this haunting drama focuses on the personal sacrifice of a Prague history student, Jan Palach, who set himself on fire in 1969 in protest against the Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia in the previous year. Dagmar Bure\u0161ov\u00e1, a young female lawyer, became part of his legacy by defending Palach's family in a trial against the communist government, a regime which tried to dishonour Palach\u2019s sacrifice, a heroic action for the freedom of Czechoslovakia.\nThe fight for freedom, for moral principles, self-sacrifice and protest in those desperate times led to the moral unification of a repressed nation, which twenty years later defeated the totalitarian regime. The anniversary of Jan Palach\u2019s death inspired a new generation of students to start protests that led to the eventual fall of communism in Czechoslovakia, part of the eventual destruction of the Iron Curtain.\nLawyer Dagmar Bure\u0161ov\u00e1, who spent her life representing dissident opposition leaders, became the first Minister of Justice in a free Czechoslovakia.\nThe film is dedicated to Jan Palach, Jan Zaj\u00edc, Ev\u017een Plocek, Ryszard Siwiec and to all who sacrificed their lives while fighting for freedom.\nAt the International TV Festival in Monte Carlo, Ivan Trojan was awarded the prize of Golden Nymph for the Best Actor in a mini-series. It has been selected to be screened in the Special Presentation section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival.The series was later edited into a film. The premiere of the film version was set to be on 12 September 2013. The film was originally selected as the Czech entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards. However AMPAS disqualified the film, citing regulations that the film must not have initially appeared on television. The mini-series aired on Czech TV eight months prior to the re-edited version that appeared in cinemas.", "Q66307": "Hauptwil-Gottshaus is a municipality in Weinfelden District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.\nThe municipality was created in 1996 by a merger of Hauptwil and Gottshaus.\nThe Wakker Prize was bestowed on Hauptwil in 1999 for the preservation of its architectural heritage.", "Q4056829": "Mikhail Dmitriyevich Ageyev (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432; 14 May 1931 in Cheremhovo (now Irkutsk Oblast) \u2013 19 November 2005) was a Soviet and Russian scientist, an expert in the field of navigation and control systems of moving objects, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1992).", "Q20352": "Neustrelitz (German pronunciation: [n\u0254\u028f\u02c8\u0283t\u0281e\u02d0l\u026ats]) is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the shore of the Zierker See in the Mecklenburg Lake District. From 1738 until 1918 it was the capital of the duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. From 1994 until 2011 it was the capital of the district of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.\nThe name Strelitz is derived from the Polabian word Strelci, meaning \"shooters\".", "Q276142": "Lisa Langlois (born March 15, 1959) is a Canadian actress, who has appeared in movies, television and theater.", "Q720681": "Thomas Malcolm Muggeridge (24 March 1903 \u2013 14 November 1990) was an English journalist and satirist. His father was a prominent socialist politician and one of the early Labour Party Members of Parliament (for Romford in Essex). In his twenties, Muggeridge was attracted to communism but after living in the Soviet Union in the 1930s, he became a forceful anti-communist. During the Second World War he worked for the British government as a soldier and a spy, first in East Africa for two years and then in Paris. In the aftermath of the war, under the influence of Hugh Kingsmill and as a hugely influential London journalist, he converted to Christianity and helped bring Mother Teresa to popular attention in the West. He was also a critic of the sexual revolution and of drug use. Muggeridge kept detailed diaries for much of his life (published in 1981 under the title Like It Was: The Diaries of Malcolm Muggeridge) and developed these into two volumes of a critically acclaimed and uncompleted autobiography Chronicles of Wasted Time.", "Q76114": "Franz Jacob Clemens (4 October 1815 \u2013 24 February 1862) was a German Catholic philosopher, a layman who defended the Catholic Church even on theological questions.", "Q990573": "Pyh\u00e4j\u00e4rvi (1993\u20131995 Pyh\u00e4salmi) is a town and municipality in the south of Northern Ostrobothnia region, Finland. Pyh\u00e4j\u00e4rvi also borders the Northern Savonia and Central Finland regions. The town belongs to the subregion of Nivala\u2013Haapaj\u00e4rvi. Its seat is in Pyh\u00e4salmi.\nNeighbouring municipalities are Haapaj\u00e4rvi, Kiuruvesi, K\u00e4rs\u00e4m\u00e4ki, Pielavesi, Pihtipudas and Pyh\u00e4nt\u00e4.\nAs the highway 4 (E75), the highway 27 and the Ylivieska\u2013Iisalmi railway all run through the town, Pyh\u00e4j\u00e4rvi is well situated in an intersection of communication and transport services. The town has also an airfield.The town of Pyh\u00e4j\u00e4rvi, was founded in 1866, and it was then named after Lake Pyh\u00e4j\u00e4rvi, a lake of 125 square kilometres (48 sq mi) and rich in fish. Pyh\u00e4j\u00e4rvi became officially a town in January 1993. The town has 5,238 inhabitants (31 January 2019), of whom some 60 percent live in the two population centres Pyh\u00e4salmi and Ruotanen.\nPyh\u00e4j\u00e4rvi contains Europe's deepest base metal mine, the 1,444 metres (4,738 ft) deep Pyh\u00e4salmi Mine from where zinc and copper is mined. Underground mining was due to end in 2019, but has been granted approximately 14 months more of mining activity due to an increase in demand for pyrite from Yara in Siilinj\u00e4rvi. The on-surface refinery will be operational until 2025. The mine facilities and the associated infrastructure will be used for underground business and research under the Callio Pyh\u00e4salmi project.\n\n", "Q1514799": "The Gerrit Rietveld Academie also known as Rietveld School of Art & Design and Rietveld Academy, is a Dutch academy founded in 1924 for the study of fine arts and design in Amsterdam, Netherlands.", "Q944044": "Natchez () is the county seat and only city of Adams County, Mississippi, United States. Natchez has a total population of 15,792 (as of the 2010 census). Located on the Mississippi River across from Vidalia in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, Natchez was a prominent city in the antebellum years, a center of cotton planters and Mississippi River trade.\nNatchez is some 90 miles (140 km) southwest of Jackson, the capital of Mississippi, which is located near the center of the state. It is approximately 85 miles (137 km) north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, located on the lower Mississippi River. Natchez is the 25th-largest city in the state. The city was named for the Natchez tribe of Native Americans, who with their ancestors, inhabited much of the area from the 8th century AD through the French colonial period.", "Q4666541": "Abel Buckley (1835 \u2013 23 December 1908) was a British cotton manufacturer and Liberal politician of Irish descent.He was born in Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, the younger son of Abel Buckley and Mary Keehan of Alderdale Lodge. He was educated at Mill Hill School and Owen's College. In 1875, he married Hannah Summers (who died in 1897) and they had one son, also Abel, born in 1876.\nThe Buckley family owned two cotton mills in Ashton: Ryecroft and Oxford Road, and Abel became involved in the business. At his death he was described as \"one of the old cotton lords of Lancashire\". In 1885 Buckley inherited Ryecroft Hall, Audenshaw, from his uncle, James Smith Buckley, and was to live there for the rest of his life. He subsequently inherited Galtee Castle, near Mitchelstown, County Cork. The estate had been purchased by his uncle, Nathaniel Buckley, MP for Stalybridge in 1873.In 1885 Abel Buckley was elected Liberal MP for the newly created Prestwich constituency. In the general election of the following year, however, he was defeated.\nApart from his interests in the cotton industry, Buckley was a director and chairman of the Manchester and Liverpool District Banking Company and a justice of the peace. He was a collector of fine art, and a racehorse breeder. He died at Ryecroft Hall on 23 December 1908, aged 73.", "Q62149": "Juventus Stadium, known for sponsorship reasons as the Allianz Stadium since July 2017, sometimes simply known in Italy as the Stadium (Italian: Lo Stadium), is an all-seater football stadium in the Vallette borough of Turin, Italy, and the home of Juventus F.C. The stadium was built on the site of Juventus' and Torino's former home, the Stadio delle Alpi, and is one of only four club-owned football stadiums in Serie A, alongside Sassuolo's Mapei Stadium, Udinese's Stadio Friuli, and Atalanta B.C.\u2018s Gewiss Stadium. It was opened at the start of the 2011\u201312 season and has a capacity of just over 41,000 spectators.Juventus played the first match in the stadium on 8 September 2011 against the world's oldest professional football club Notts County, in a friendly which ended 1\u20131; Luca Toni scored the first goal. The first competitive match was against Parma three days later, where Stephan Lichtsteiner scored the stadium's first competitive goal in the 16th minute. Juventus only lost three matches of their first 100 Italian top-flight league matches at the Juventus Stadium.The stadium hosted the 2014 UEFA Europa League Final. It also houses many other add-ons such as the J-Museum, J-Medical and the J-Village.\nThe stadium also will host the 2022 UEFA Women's Champions League Final.\n\n", "Q439426": "Ida Presti (31 May 1924 \u2013 24 April 1967) was a French classical guitarist and composer. She first came to prominence as a child prodigy, before maturing into what Alice Artzt has called \"the greatest guitarist of the 20th century, and possibly of all time.\"", "Q192240": "Northampton (listen) is a large market town and the county town of Northamptonshire in the East Midlands of England. It lies on the River Nene, 60 miles (97 km) north-west of London and 50 miles (80 km) south-east of Birmingham. One of the largest towns in England, it had a population of 212,100 at the 2011 census (223,000 est. 2019).\nArchaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates to the Bronze Age, Romans and Anglo-Saxons. In the Middle Ages, the town rose to national significance with the establishment of Northampton Castle, an occasional royal residence which regularly hosted the Parliament of England. Medieval Northampton had many churches, monasteries and the University of Northampton, all enclosed by the town walls. It was granted a town charter by Richard I in 1189 and a mayor was appointed by King John in 1215. The town was also the site of two medieval battles, in 1264 and 1460.\nNorthampton supported the Parliamentary Roundheads in the English Civil War, and Charles II ordered the destruction of the town walls and most of the castle. The Great Fire of Northampton in 1675 destroyed much of the town. It was soon rebuilt and grew rapidly with the industrial development of the 18th century. Northampton continued to grow with the arrival of the Grand Union Canal and the railways in the 19th century, becoming a centre for footwear and leather manufacture.\nNorthampton's growth was limited until it was designated as a New Town in 1968, accelerating development in the town. It unsuccessfully applied for city status in 2000.", "Q35011": "Frances Louise Fisher (born 11 May 1952) is an English-born American actress.\nFisher began her career in theatre and later starred as detective Deborah 'Red' Saxon in the ABC daytime soap opera The Edge of Night (1976\u20131981). She has portrayed strong women on film and TV since the early 1980s. In film, she is known for her roles in Unforgiven (1992), Titanic (1997), True Crime (1999), House of Sand and Fog (2003), Laws of Attraction (2004), The Kingdom (2007), In the Valley of Elah (2007), Jolene (2008), The Lincoln Lawyer (2011) and The Host (2013). From 2014 to 2015, Fisher starred in the ABC drama series Resurrection.", "Q616469": "Jaime Alguersuari Tortajada (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8xaime al\u0263e\u027e\u02c8swa\u027ei]; also known as Jaime Alguersuari Sr., born April 2, 1950 in Barcelona, Spain), is a Spanish former Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He is the father of Ex-Formula One driver Jaime Alguersuari.\nHe won the 250 cc category at the 1972 Bol d'Or at Le Mans on a Montesa.In 1975, he and his brother Jos\u00e9 Maria founded the Solo Moto magazine. Through his companies Alesport and RPM, he invented indoor trial and endurocross with events at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona. In addition to motorcycling events, RPM has organized the World Series by Renault, the Barcelona Marathon, the Spanish stages of the Rally Dakar, and the Superprestigio Dirt Track.", "Q683664": "The Denti della Vecchia (1,491 m) (lit. \"teeth of the old woman\") are a mountain of the Lugano Prealps, located north of Lake Lugano on the border between Italy and Switzerland. They are composed of several summits of which the highest is named Sasso Grande.", "Q16056854": "In the Late Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Hungary, a country in Central Europe, experienced a period of interregnum in the early 14th century. Royal power was restored under Charles I (1308\u20131342), a scion of the Capetian House of Anjou. Gold and silver mines opened in his reign produced about one third of the world's total production up until the 1490s. The kingdom reached the peak of its power under Louis the Great (1342\u20131382) who led military campaigns against Lithuania, southern Italy and other faraway territories.The expansion of the Ottoman Empire reached the kingdom under Sigismund of Luxemburg (1387\u20131437). In the next decades, a talented military commander, John Hunyadi, directed the fight against the Ottomans. His victory at N\u00e1ndorfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r (present-day Belgrade, Serbia) in 1456 stabilized the southern frontiers for more than half a century. The first king of Hungary without dynastic ancestry was Matthias Corvinus (1458\u20131490), who led several successful military campaigns and also became the King of Bohemia and the Duke of Austria. With his patronage Hungary became the first country which adopted the Renaissance from Italy.", "Q104544": "Josef \"Joe\" St\u00f6ckel (27 September 1894, Munich \u2013 14 June 1959) was a German actor, screenwriter and film director.", "Q325526": "Michael \"Mick\" Tubridy (born 1935 at Kilrush, County Clare, Ireland) is an Irish musician, step dancer and structural engineer.", "Q3263669": "Louise Beavers (March 8, 1902 \u2013 October 26, 1962) was an American film and television actress. Beavers appeared in dozens of films and two hit television shows from the 1920s until 1960, most often cast in the role of a maid, servant, or slave. She was a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, and a member of Sigma Gamma Rho sorority, one of the four African-American sororities. \nBeavers was a breakthrough actress for black women and became known as a symbol of a \"mammy\" on the screen. A mammy archetype \"is the portrayal within a narrative framework or other imagery of a black domestic servant, generally good-natured, often overweight, and loud\".", "Q105882": "Angela Kane (born 1948 in Hamelin, Lower Saxony, Germany) was formerly the UN High Representative for Disarmament Affairs and Under-Secretary-General for Management in the United Nations.", "Q68302": "Bergdietikon is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. It is located in the Limmat Valley (German: Limmattal)", "Q766824": "Crystal Castles is a Canadian electronic music group formed in 2006 in Toronto, Ontario, by songwriter-producer Ethan Kath and singer-songwriter Alice Glass. The current band members are Ethan Kath and Edith Frances. Crystal Castles are known for their chaotic live shows and lo-fi melancholic homemade productions. They released many limited vinyl singles between 2006 and 2007 before releasing a trilogy of critically acclaimed albums between 2008 and 2012.\nProducer Kath and vocalist Glass first collaborated in 2006 on the track \"Alice Practice\", a proof-of-concept which was initially shelved for six months. After being posted online, this track garnered attention and the duo decided to re-form for a formal release. In 2006 the group released their first physical four-track EP Alice Practice on vinyl. Their debut album, Crystal Castles, was released in 2008. In 2009, it was listed on NME's \"Top 100 Greatest Albums of the Decade\" list at No. 39.In 2010, their second album, titled (II), charted on the Billboard 200, and includes their first worldwide charting single, \"Not In Love\", featuring vocalist Robert Smith of The Cure. Their third album, (III), was released on November 12, 2012, and was the number one album of 2012 on Tumblr and Hype Machine. The album included four singles: \"Plague\", \"Wrath of God\", \"Sad Eyes\" and \"Affection\".\nGlass announced her departure from the band in October 2014, citing personal and professional reasons. In April 2015, a new Crystal Castles track, \"Frail\", was released featuring new vocalist Edith Frances. August 19, 2016, marked the release of their fourth and most-recent album, Amnesty (I).", "Q1356901": "Orestes Qu\u00e9rcia (Portuguese pronunciation: [o\u02c8r\u025bst\u0283is \u02c8kw\u025b\u027esj\u0250]) (18 August 1938 \u2013 24 December 2010) was a Brazilian politician. He was the 28th governor of S\u00e3o Paulo State.\nQu\u00e9rcia moved with his family from Pedregulho to the city of Campinas, where he graduated in journalism. He was also a lawyer and an entrepreneur since 1962, with a diploma from the Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica.\nHe was married to Ala\u00edde Barbosa Ulson Qu\u00e9rcia since the 80s until his death after a long battle against prostate cancer on 24 December 2010 link label. He died with 72 years old, leaving his four children and the wife.", "Q1648062": "Alexander-Martin Sardina (born 15 September 1973; German pronunciation: [za\u0250\u032f\u02c8di\u02d0na] (listen), Italian pronunciation: [sar\u02c8di\u02d0na] (listen)) is a German historian of education, business consultant, and former member of parliament for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU). Sardina holds dual citizenship and is also an Italian national.", "Q51583": "Joseph Leo Mankiewicz (; February 11, 1909 \u2013 February 5, 1993) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. Mankiewicz had a long Hollywood career, and won consecutive Oscars for both Best Director and Best Writing, Screenplay for A Letter to Three Wives (1949) and All About Eve (1950), the latter of which was nominated for 14 Academy Awards and won six.\nComfortable in a variety of genres and able to elicit career performances from actors and actresses alike, Mankiewicz combined ironic, sophisticated scripts with a precise, sometimes stylized mise en sc\u00e8ne. Mankiewicz worked for seventeen years as a screenwriter for Paramount Pictures and as a producer for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer before getting a chance to direct at Twentieth Century-Fox. Over six years he made 11 films for Fox.\nDuring his over 40-year career in Hollywood, Mankiewicz wrote forty-eight screenplays. He also produced more than twenty films including The Philadelphia Story which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1941. However, he is best known for the films he directed.", "Q61440": "Johanna Schopenhauer (n\u00e9e Trosiener; July 9, 1766 \u2013 April 17, 1838) was a German author. She is today known primarily for being the mother of Arthur Schopenhauer.", "Q41790": "Chung-Ang University (also known as CAU; lit. Central University) is a private comprehensive research university in South Korea.\nStarting as a church-run kindergarten in 1918, CAU transformed into a school for female kindergarten teachers in 1922 and was granted university status in 1953. The university claims 2018 to be its centennial. It has 33,600 undergraduates, 5,200 graduates, 700 professors and 500 more part-time teaching staff.CAU is the first in South Korea to offer courses in Pharmacy, Business Management, Public Administration, Mass Communication, Advertising & Public Relations, Urban Planning and Real Estate, Energy System Engineering, Sociology, Psychology on the Seoul campus. Urban Planning and Real Estate and Energy System Engineering were newly established majors beginning in 2014. At the second campus, Ansung Campus, there are majors such as Creative Writing, Photography, and Drama & Film Studies, and is active in Pharmacy, Media and the Arts. There is also a major called City and Area Planning at the second campus.\nEstablished in 1918, CAU has endured through the painful course of Korea's modern history, upholding its ideal of \u201cTruth and Justice\u201d. Since then, CAU has taken a leading role in nurturing intellectuals of the nation. Respected as leading institution providing quality education, CAU has sped up the pace of innovation in local education.\nFurthermore, CAU is recognized as the nation's best in the fields of pharmacy, culture and art education. With the help of its schools of art and culture, the university stands at the center of the Korean culture wave, currently sweeping Asia and beyond.\nThe symbol of Central University is Blue Dragon. The blue dragon statue represents the dragon to the universe toward the outer world by ascending and ascending the earth with the dragon blessed. Blue Dragon, a symbol of divine, majestic and prosperous, represents the sacredness, authority and freedom of the university and means the eternal prosperity of Chung Ang University. In addition, each part of the Blue Dragon Prize is a source of greatness, exploration of truth, class polishing, school development and prosperity of space exploration.[1]\n\n", "Q539432": "Michael Christopher Starr (April 4, 1966 \u2013 March 8, 2011) was an American musician best known as the original bassist for the rock band Alice in Chains, which he played with from the band's formation in 1987 until January 1993. He was also a member of Sato, Gypsy Rose and Sun Red Sun. Starr died of a prescription drug overdose at the age of 44 on March 8, 2011.", "Q5250893": "Deerfield Academy is a highly selective, independent, co-educational boarding and day school in Deerfield, Massachusetts, United States for students in grades 9\u201312 and post-graduate (PG). Founded in 1797, it is one of the oldest secondary schools in the United States. It is a four-year college-preparatory school with approximately 650 students and about 125 faculty, all of whom live on or near campus during the school year. Deerfield had a 16.8% acceptance rate for the 2019\u201320 school year. Its endowment is $590 million.The Academy grants $10.8 million per year to 36% of its students, meaning the average financial aid grant is $50,096 per year. The student body hails from 38 U.S. states and 38 foreign countries. As of 2017, 32% of the student body were nonwhite American domestic students, and an additional 12% were foreign nationals or US expats.Deerfield Academy is a member of the Eight Schools Association (ESA), begun informally in 1973\u201374 and formalized in 2006, and of the Ten Schools Admissions Organization (TSAO), founded in 1956. The two associations aim to promote cooperation among top New England boarding schools and meet regularly to discuss ways to improve. Additionally, Deerfield is a member of the Six Schools League (SSL), which is an athletic league composed of New England prep schools aimed at promoting healthy competition.", "Q132790": "Biarritz (UK: beer-ITS, BEER-its, US: BEE-\u0259-RITS, -\u2060rits, French: [bja\u0281its], Basque: [bi.arits\u033b]; Basque also Miarritze [mi.arits\u033be]; Occitan: Bi\u00e0rritz [\u02c8bjarits]) is a city on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast in the Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques department in the French Basque Country in southwestern France. It is located 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the border with Spain. It is a luxurious seaside tourist destination known for the H\u00f4tel du Palais (originally built for the Empress Eug\u00e9nie circa 1855), its casinos in front of the sea and its surfing culture.", "Q37160": "David Hume (; born David Home; 7 May 1711 NS (26 April 1711 OS) \u2013 25 August 1776) was a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, scepticism, and naturalism. Beginning with A Treatise of Human Nature (1739\u201340), Hume strove to create a naturalistic science of man that examined the psychological basis of human nature. Hume argued against the existence of innate ideas, positing that all human knowledge derives solely from experience. This places him with Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and George Berkeley, as a British Empiricist.Hume argued that inductive reasoning and belief in causality cannot be justified rationally; instead, they result from custom and mental habit. We never actually perceive that one event causes another, but only experience the \"constant conjunction\" of events. This problem of induction means that to draw any causal inferences from past experience it is necessary to presuppose that the future will resemble the past, a presupposition which cannot itself be grounded in prior experience.An opponent of philosophical rationalists, Hume held that passions rather than reason govern human behaviour, famously proclaiming that \"Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions\". Hume was also a sentimentalist who held that ethics are based on emotion or sentiment rather than abstract moral principle. He maintained an early commitment to naturalistic explanations of moral phenomena, and is usually taken to have first clearly expounded the is\u2013ought problem, or the idea that a statement of fact alone can never give rise to a normative conclusion of what ought to be done.Hume also denied that humans have an actual conception of the self, positing that we experience only a bundle of sensations, and that the self is nothing more than this bundle of causally-connected perceptions. Hume's compatibilist theory of free will takes causal determinism as fully compatible with human freedom. His views on philosophy of religion, including his rejection of miracles and the argument from design for God's existence, were especially controversial for their time.\nHume influenced utilitarianism, logical positivism, the philosophy of science, early analytic philosophy, cognitive science, theology, and many other fields and thinkers. Immanuel Kant credited Hume as the inspiration who had awakened him from his \"dogmatic slumbers\".\n\n", "Q770920": "Eleonora Vallone (born 1 February 1955) is an Italian actress, model and TV-personality.\nBorn in Rome, the daughter of actors Raf Vallone and Elena Varzi, she made her film debut in 1979 in the \"poliziottesco\" Gardenia, and later starred in several genre films, also in the more ambitious Alberto Bevilacqua drama film Le rose di Danzica. In 1981 she hosted the Sanremo Music Festival alongside Claudio Cecchetto. In the same years she appeared nude in several men's magazines such as Playmen and the Italian edition of Playboy.A pioneer and teacher of water gymnastics, Eleonora Vallone founded the first Italian school for water aerobics instructors, and she patented the method \"GymNuoto\". She also wrote three books about waterobics, \"GymNuoto\", \"GymVasca\" and \"GymSwim\".", "Q71135": "George Major (April 25, 1502 \u2013 November 28, 1574) was a Lutheran theologian of the Protestant Reformation. He was born in Nuremberg and died at Wittenberg.", "Q578308": "Levan Ramishvili (28 March 1973) is a key figure in Georgia's democracy movement, which successfully forced authoritarian Eduard Shevardnadze to resign through strategic nonviolent action. Since 1996 he is one of the founders and director of the Georgian human rights and public interest advocacy organization, the Liberty Institute.\nHe was actively involved in trainings for civil activists, and in 2003, trained Kmara activists in nonviolent campaigning techniques. He is author of the country\u2019s Freedom of Information Law, the law on Freedom of Speech and Expression, law on Broadcasting, student's rights and academic freedom chapter in laws on General Education and Higher Education.\nHe is a long-time civil liberties activist, and became involved in civil liberties battles in 1991 as an active member of the student movement for Georgia's Liberation. Later in 1992 he was actively campaigning against the nationalist government of Zviad Gamsakhurdia. \nIn 1992 he got involved with the Center of Social Management at the Cabinet of Ministries. In 1994 he was appointed as a chair of the division of sociology at the International Center for Federal Development of Georgia. He was actively engaged in journalistic work working as a co-editor for newspaper Mimomkhilveli in 1992, co-editor with newspapers: Business Courier (international politics, world economy) 1994 and Argumenti (International reporting, letters to editor) 1995 and 1996. In 1996 and 1997 he worked as a political analyst with the independent TV Channel Rustavi 2.\nFrom 2009 he is editor of world section in Magazine \"Tabula\".", "Q1891440": "Manuel Antonio Baldiz\u00f3n M\u00e9ndez (American Spanish: [ma\u02c8nwel an\u02c8tonjo \u03b2aldi\u02c8son \u02c8mendes], born 6 May 1970) is a Guatemalan politician, lawyer, and hotel entrepreneur. He was the leader of the \"Libertad Democr\u00e1tica Renovada\" (LIDER) Renewed Democratic Liberty party and was a candidate in the 2015 presidential election placing third and losing to Jimmy Morales. He was also a candidate in the 2011 presidential election, placing second and losing to Otto P\u00e9rez Molina in a run-off vote. On January 20, 2018, he was captured in the United States, when he was accused of accepting bribes from Odebrecht.", "Q526512": "Scott Hull (born March 4, 1971) is an American grindcore musician, and the current guitarist and producer for Pig Destroyer, Agoraphobic Nosebleed, and Japanese Torture Comedy Hour. He has been part of many other projects including the controversial band Anal Cunt (also known as AC or AxCx). Aside from his music works, he currently works as a government computer specialist. Hull is noted for his experimental style of guitar playing that incorporates various influences, as well as for his use of eight string and seven string guitars.", "Q6386991": "Kemosabe Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment based in Los Angeles, California.\n\n", "Q277512": "Patrick Denard Douthit (born January 15, 1975), better known as 9th Wonder, is a hip hop record producer, record executive, DJ, lecturer, and rapper from Midway, North Carolina, U.S. He began his career as the main producer for the group Little Brother in Durham, North Carolina, and has also worked with Mary J. Blige, Jean Grae, Wale, Jay-Z, Murs, Drake, Buckshot, Chris Brown, Destiny's Child, J. Cole, Kendrick Lamar, Erykah Badu, Ludacris, Mac Miller, David Banner, Lecrae, Jill Scott, Big Boi, Rapsody, 2 Chainz, Nipsey Hussle, and Anderson .Paak. As of 2010, 9th Wonder raps under the name of 9thmatic. 9th Wonder has a smooth and soulful production style that builds on samples from artists such as Al Green and Curtis Mayfield.", "Q797": "Alaska ( (listen); Aleut: Alax\u0302sxax\u0302; Inupiaq: Alaasikaq; Alutiiq: Alas'kaaq; Tlingit: An\u00e1aski; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u044f\u0301\u0441\u043a\u0430, romanized: Aly\u00e1ska) is a state located in the northwest extremity of the United States West Coast, just across the Bering Strait from Asia. An exclave of the U.S., it borders the Canadian province of British Columbia and territory of Yukon to the east and southeast and has a maritime border with Russia's Chukotka Autonomous Okrug to the west. To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas of the Arctic Ocean, while the Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest.\nAlaska is the largest U.S. state by area and the seventh largest subnational division in the world. It is the third least populous and the most sparsely populated state, but by far the continent's most populous territory located mostly north of the 60th parallel, with an estimated population of 738,432 as 2015\u2014more than quadruple the combined populations of Northern Canada and Greenland. Approximately half of Alaska's residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area. The state capital of Juneau is the second largest city in the United States by area, comprising more territory than the states of Rhode Island and Delaware.\nAlaska was occupied by various indigenous peoples for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans. The state is considered the entry point for the settlement of North America by way of the Bering land bridge. The Russians were the first non-native people to settle the area beginning in the 18th century, eventually establishing the colony of Alaska that spanned most of the current state. The expense and difficulty of maintaining this distant possession prompted its sale to the U.S. in 1867 for $7.2 million, or approximately two cents per acre ($4.74/km2). The area went through several administrative changes before becoming organized as a territory on May 11, 1912. It was admitted as the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959.While it has one of the smallest state economies in the country, Alaska's per capita income is among the highest, owing to a diversified economy dominated by fishing, natural gas, and oil, all of which it has in abundance. United States armed forces bases and tourism are also a significant part of the economy; more than half the state is federally owned public land, including a multitude of national forests, parks, and wildlife refuges.\nAlaska's indigenous population is proportionally the highest of any U.S. state, at over 15 percent. Close to two dozen native languages are spoken, and Alaskan Natives exercise considerable influence in local and state politics.", "Q981330": "Pamela Rosalind Grace Coddington (born 20 April 1941) is a Welsh former model and the creative director at large of American Vogue magazine. Coddington is known for the creation of large, complex and dramatic photoshoots. A Guardian profile wrote that she \"has produced some of fashion's most memorable imagery. Her pictures might be jolly and decadent or moody and mysterious.\"", "Q200942": "Swindon ( (listen)) is a large town in the ceremonial county of Wiltshire, South West England, between Bristol, 35 miles (56 kilometres) to the west, and Reading, the same distance to the east; the town is 71 miles (114 km) west of London. The population estimates for the UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: mid 2018 released by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) on 30 June 2018 estimated a population of 192,599 for Swindon. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 182,441. The Town Development Act 1952 led to a major increase in its population.Swindon railway station is on the line from London Paddington to Bristol. Swindon Borough Council is a unitary authority, independent of Wiltshire Council since 1997. Residents of Swindon are known as Swindonians. Swindon is home to the Bodleian Library's book depository, the English Heritage National Monument Record Centre, the headquarters of the National Trust, on the site of the former Great Western Railway works, and the Nationwide Building Society, and a Honda car manufacturing plant, which is due to close in 2021.", "Q189660": "Chlodomer, also spelled Clodomir or Clodomer (c. 495 - 524) was the second of the four sons of Clovis I, King of the Franks. On the death of his father, in 511, he divided the kingdom of the Franks with his three brothers: Theuderic I, Childebert I, and Clotaire I. Although Theuderic, the eldest, had a better claim, Chlodomer divided half of the kingdom with his two other brothers. This was the kingdom of Orl\u00e9ans, taken from the former kingdom of Syagrius. This kingdom included, most notably, the bishoprics of Tours, Poitiers and Orl\u00e9ans. Chlodomer married Guntheuc, with whom he had three sons: Theodebald, Gunthar, and Clodoald.\nIn 523\u201324, possibly at the instigation of his mother Clotilde, who was eager to avenge her nephew who had been assassinated by Sigismund of Burgundy, Chlodomer joined with his brothers in an expedition against the Burgundians. After capturing Sigismund, Chlodomer returned to Orl\u00e9ans. However, Sigismund's brother Gondomar returned triumphantly to Burgundy at the head of the troops sent by his ally, the Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great. There, he massacred the garrison the Franks had left behind.\nAlthough victorious, Chlodomer had Sigismund and his sons Gisald and Gondebaud assassinated on 1 May 524. He then led a second expedition against the Burgundians. He was killed on this expedition, in the spring or summer of the same year, at the Battle of V\u00e9zeronce. His three sons were entrusted to his mother until his widow married Clotaire I. Clotaire, however, had Chlodomer's children killed, although Clodoald managed to escape. Better known as Saint Cloud, he later became abbot of Nogent, having given up his hair, the symbol of the Frankish royalty, rather than giving up his life.", "Q1138912": "Battersea is a district of South West London, England, within the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is located on the south bank of the River Thames, 2.9 miles (4.7 km) southwest of Charing Cross.", "Q750428": "PARC (Palo Alto Research Center; formerly Xerox PARC) is a research and development company in Palo Alto, California. Formed in 1969, the company was originally a subsidiary of Xerox, and was tasked with creating computer technology-related products and hardware systems.Founded by Jacob E. \"Jack\" Goldman, Xerox Corporation's chief scientist, Xerox PARC has been in large part responsible for such developments as laser printing, Ethernet, the modern personal computer, graphical user interface (GUI) and desktop paradigm, object-oriented programming, ubiquitous computing, electronic paper, amorphous silicon (a-Si) applications, the mouse and advancing very-large-scale integration (VLSI) for semiconductors. Jack's \u201cAdvanced Scientific & Systems Laboratory\u201d aimed to develop future technologies; it was not intended to reproduce the already existing Xerox's research laboratory in Rochester, New York, which focused on refining and expanding the company\u2019s copier business. Instead, Xerox PARC was a site for pioneering work in advanced physics, materials science, and computer science applications.\nXerox formed Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated as a wholly owned subsidiary in 2002.", "Q201484": "John Dee (13 July 1527 \u2013 1608 or 1609) was an Anglo-Welsh mathematician, astrologer and occultist, and an advisor to Queen Elizabeth I. He spent much time on alchemy, divination and Hermetic philosophy. He advocated turning England's imperial expansion into a \"British Empire\", a term he is credited with coining.\n\n", "Q273774": "Taryn Stephanie Power (born September 13, 1953) is an American actress and the younger daughter of the actor Tyrone Power and his second wife, Mexican actress Linda Christian.", "Q182735": "Helder Proen\u00e7a (died June 5, 2009) was a Guinea-Bissauan politician who served as Minister of Defense of Guinea-Bissau during the administration of President Jo\u00e3o Bernardo Vieira.On June 5, 2009, Proen\u00e7a, who was a member of the National People's Assembly at the time, was shot and killed by government security forces on a road connecting the northern town of Bula and with Bissau, the capital city of Guinea-Bissau. Baciro Dab\u00f3, a politician and presidential candidate in the June 2009 presidential election, was also killed by government soldiers on the same day. A third politician, former Prime Minister Faustino Imbali, was also arrested. Proen\u00e7a's driver and bodyguard were also killed in the attack.In a statement, the Interior Ministry of Guinea-Bissau accused Proen\u00e7a, Dab\u00f3 and Embali of being part of the alleged coup plot.Portugal's state-run news agency, Lusa, reported that Proenca's body was taken to the morgue at the Simao Mendes Hospital in Bissau following his killing.", "Q589497": "Dave Eggers (born March 12, 1970) is an American writer, editor, and publisher. He is the husband of writer Vendela Vida with whom he has two children. He wrote the best-selling memoir A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius. Eggers is also the founder of McSweeney's, a literary journal, a co-founder of the literacy project 826 Valencia and the human rights nonprofit Voice of Witness, and the founder of ScholarMatch, a program that matches donors with students needing funds for college tuition. His writing has appeared in several magazines.", "Q108418": "Cook County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Illinois and the second-most-populous county in the United States after Los Angeles County, California. As of 2019, the population was 5,150,233. Its county seat is Chicago, the most populous city in Illinois and the third-most-populous city in the United States. More than 40% of all residents of Illinois live in Cook County.\nCook County was incorporated in 1831 and named for Daniel Pope Cook, an early Illinois statesman, although there is no record of Cook having ever visited the area. It achieved its present boundaries in 1839. During the first half of the 20th century it had the absolute majority of Illinois's population.\nThere are 135 municipalities located partially or wholly within Cook County, the largest of which is Chicago, home to approximately 54% of the county's population. The part of the county outside of the Chicago and Evanston city limits is divided into 29 townships; these often divide or share governmental services with local municipalities. Townships within Chicago were abolished in 1902 but are retained for real estate assessment purposes. Evanston Township was formerly coterminous with the City of Evanston but was abolished in 2014.\nGeographically, the county is the sixth-largest in Illinois by land area. It shares the state's Lake Michigan shoreline with Lake County. Including its lake area, Cook County has a total area of 1,635 square miles (4,234.6 km2), the largest county in Illinois, of which 945 square miles (2,447.5 km2) is land and 690 square miles (1,787.1 km2) (42.16%) is water. Land-use in Cook County is mainly urban and densely populated.\nCook County's population is larger than that of 28 individual U.S. states, and the combined populations of the seven smallest states. It is included in the Chicago\u2013Naperville\u2013Elgin, IL\u2013IN\u2013WI Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is surrounded by what are known as the five collar counties.", "Q235721": "Jennifer Anne Ehle (; born December 29, 1969) is a British-American actress. She won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for her role as Elizabeth Bennet in the 1995 BBC miniseries Pride and Prejudice. For her work on Broadway, she won the 2000 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for The Real Thing, and the 2007 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for The Coast of Utopia. She is the daughter of English actress Rosemary Harris and American author John Ehle.\nEhle made her West End debut in Peter Hall's 1991 production of Tartuffe, and joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1995. Television credits include The Camomile Lawn (1992), A Gifted Man (2011\u20132012) and The Looming Tower (2018). She has also appeared in supporting roles in such films as Brian Gilbert's Wilde (1997), Istv\u00e1n Szab\u00f3's Sunshine (1999), Tom Hooper's The King's Speech (2010), Steven Soderbergh's Contagion (2011), Kathryn Bigelow's Zero Dark Thirty (2012), Alan Rickman's A Little Chaos (2014), Terence Davies' A Quiet Passion (2016), and Ira Sachs' Little Men (2016).", "Q52934": "Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII (Swedish: Karl XII) or Latinized to Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 \u2013 30 November 1718 O.S.), was the King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibr\u00fccken, a branch line of the House of Wittelsbach. Charles was the only surviving son of Charles XI and Ulrika Eleonora the Elder. He assumed power, after a seven-month caretaker government, at the age of fifteen.In 1700, a triple alliance of Denmark\u2013Norway, Saxony\u2013Poland\u2013Lithuania and Russia launched a threefold attack on the Swedish protectorate of Holstein-Gottorp and provinces of Livonia and Ingria, aiming to draw advantage as the Swedish Empire was unaligned and ruled by a young and inexperienced king, thus initiating the Great Northern War. Leading the Swedish army against the alliance Charles won multiple victories despite being usually significantly outnumbered. A major victory over a Russian army some three times the size in 1700 at the Battle of Narva compelled Peter the Great to sue for peace which Charles then rejected. By 1706 Charles, now 24 years old, had forced all of his foes into submission including, in that year, a decisively devastating victory by Swedish forces under general Carl Gustav Rehnski\u00f6ld over a combined army of Saxony and Russia at the Battle of Fraustadt. Russia was now the sole remaining hostile power.\nCharles' subsequent march on Moscow met with initial success as victory followed victory, the most significant of which was the Battle of Holowczyn where the smaller Swedish army routed a Russian army twice the size. The campaign ended with disaster when the Swedish army suffered heavy losses to a Russian force more than twice its size at Poltava. Charles had been incapacitated by a wound prior to the battle, rendering him unable to take command. The defeat was followed by the Surrender at Perevolochna. Charles spent the following years in exile in the Ottoman Empire before returning to lead an assault on Norway, trying to evict the Danish king from the war once more in order to aim all his forces at the Russians. Two campaigns met with frustration and ultimate failure, concluding with his death at the Siege of Fredriksten in 1718. At the time, most of the Swedish Empire was under foreign military occupation, though Sweden itself was still free. This situation was later formalized, albeit moderated in the subsequent Treaty of Nystad. The result was the end of the Swedish Empire, and also of its effectively organized absolute monarchy and war machine, commencing a parliamentary government unique for continental Europe, which would last for half a century until royal autocracy was restored by Gustav III.Charles was an exceptionally skilled military leader and tactician as well as an able politician, credited with introducing important tax and legal reforms. As for his famous reluctance towards peace efforts, he is quoted by Voltaire as saying upon the outbreak of the war; \"I have resolved never to start an unjust war but never to end a legitimate one except by defeating my enemies\". With the war consuming more than half his life and nearly all his reign, he never married and fathered no children. He was succeeded by his sister Ulrika Eleonora, who in turn was coerced to hand over all substantial powers to the Riksdag of the Estates and opted to surrender the throne to her husband, who became King Frederick I of Sweden.", "Q339669": "Claire Windsor (born Clara Viola Cronk; April 14, 1892 \u2013 October 24, 1972) was an American film actress of the silent screen era.", "Q367073": "Donald Crisp (born George William Crisp, 27 July 1882 \u2013 25 May 1974) was an English film actor. He was an early producer, director and screenwriter. His career lasted from the early silent film era into the 1960s. He won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1942 for his performance in How Green Was My Valley.", "Q4660656": "A Will of their Own is a 1998 American television mini-series directed by Karen Arthur. The film follows six generations of females within one family, and their struggle for power and independence in America. The film debuted on October 18, 1998, on the NBC network to strong critical reviews. It was released to DVD late 2003.", "Q262679": "Ruth Wilson (born 13 January 1982) is an English actress. She is known for her performances in Suburban Shootout (2005), Jane Eyre (2006), as Alice Morgan in the BBC psychological crime drama Luther (2010\u20132013, 2019), as Alison Lockhart in the Showtime drama The Affair (2014\u20132018), as the titular character in Mrs Wilson (2018), and as Marisa Coulter in the BBC/HBO fantasy series His Dark Materials (2019\u2013present). Her film credits include The Lone Ranger (2013), Saving Mr. Banks (2013), I Am the Pretty Thing That Lives in the House (2016), and Dark River (2017).\nWilson is a three-time Olivier Award nominee and two-time winner, earning the Best Actress for the titular role in Anna Christie, and the Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal of Stella Kowalski in A Streetcar Named Desire. She has won a Golden Globe for her role in The Affair and received nominations for a British Academy Television Award for Best Actress and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama for the title role in Jane Eyre.", "Q193638": "Shibuya (\u6e0b\u8c37 Shibuya-ku) is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. A major commercial and business centre, it houses the two busiest railway stations in the world, Shinjuku Station (southern half) and Shibuya Station.\nAs of May 1, 2016, it has an estimated population of 221,801 and a population density of 14,679.09 people per km2 (38,018.7/sq mi). The total area is 15.11 km2 (5.83 sq mi).\nThe name \"Shibuya\" is also used to refer to the shopping district which surrounds Shibuya Station. This area is known as one of the fashion centers of Japan, particularly for young people, and as a major nightlife area.", "Q1278430": "Louis Camilleri (born 13 January 1955) is CEO of Ferrari and chairman of Philip Morris International.", "Q45290": "Nathaniel Peffer (Chinese: \u88f4\u6590; June 30, 1890 in New York City \u2013 April 12, 1964) was an American researcher of Far East problems.\nEducated at the University of Chicago, Peffer became a Far Eastern correspondent for the New York Tribune, and lived in China for 25 years. After invitations to lecture on the Far East to various American universities, he was appointed a lecturer at Columbia University in 1937, associate professor of International Relations there in 1939, and Professor in 1943. He retired from the university in 1958.", "Q957010": "Frankie Beverly (born Howard Beverly, December 6, 1946) is an American singer, musician, songwriter, and producer, known primarily for his recordings with the soul and funk band Maze. Beverly formed Maze, originally called Raw Soul, in his hometown of Philadelphia in 1970. After a relocation to San Francisco and an introduction to Marvin Gaye, Maze went on to release nine Gold albums and create a large and devoted following. Beverly is the band's writer, producer and lead singer. He is known for his distinctive smooth baritone voice and charismatic stage presence.", "Q280824": "The Eindhoven University of Technology (Dutch: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven), abbr. TU/e, is a technical university in the Netherlands, operating in English. \nThe University has been placed in the top 400 universities in the world by five major ranking tables. The 2019 QS World University Rankings place Eindhoven 99th in the world, 34th in Europe, and 3rd in the Netherlands - TU/e has moved up 59 places in this world ranking since 2012 (in two other main world rankings it is 167th and 51-75th).\nTU/e is the Dutch member of the EuroTech Universities Alliance, a strategic partnership of universities of science & technology in Europe: Technical University of Denmark (DTU), \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), \u00c9cole Polytechnique (L\u2019X), The Technion, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), and Technical University of Munich (TUM).", "Q327457": "Major Bruce Middleton Hope Shand (22 January 1917 \u2013 11 June 2006) was an officer in the British Army. He is best known as the father of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, the second wife of Charles, Prince of Wales.", "Q1991332": "Nikolaus Lenau High School (German: Nikolaus-Lenau-Lyzeum, Romanian: Liceul Teoretic \u201eNikolaus Lenau\u201d) is a German language high school, located in Timi\u0219oara, Romania. The school was founded in 1870 and is named after the 19th century romantic poet Nikolaus Lenau who was born in the nearby village of Lenauheim.\nBesides high school education (Lyzealklassen), the school additionally offers primary education (Grundschulklassen) and intermediate education (Gymnasialklassen) using German as the medium of instruction for the most part. The Nikolaus-Lenau-Lyzeum is currently considered the most important German language high school of the Banat region.Novelist Herta M\u00fcller, laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature, graduated from the school. Physicist Stefan W. Hell, who shared the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, attended ninth grade there before emigrating to West Germany. In 1962, guitarist Bela Kamocsa, who was a student at Lenau and a drummer for the local orchestra, met fellow musician Nicu Covaci, who had been hired by one of the band leaders to produce and perform a school concert, founding Transsylvania Phoenix during the production process.", "Q377274": "The Last Adventure (French: Les Aventuriers) is a 1967 drama film directed by Robert Enrico. It is based on a novel by Jos\u00e9 Giovanni.", "Q52920": "John Fredrik Reinfeldt (pronounced [\u02c8fr\u011b\u02d0dr\u026ak \u02c8r\u00e2jn\u02d0f\u025blt] (listen); born 4 August 1965) is a Swedish economist, lecturer and former politician who was Prime Minister of Sweden from 2006 to 2014 and chairman of the liberal conservative Moderate Party from 2003 to 2015. He was the last rotating President of the European Council in 2009.\nA native of Stockholm County, Reinfeldt joined the Moderate Youth League in 1983, and by 1992 had risen to the rank of chairman, a position he held until 1995. He served as Member of Parliament from 1991 to 2014, representing his home constituency. Reinfeldt was elected party leader on 25 October 2003, succeeding Bo Lundgren. Under his leadership, the Moderate Party has transformed its policies and oriented itself towards the centre, branding itself \"the New Moderates\" (Swedish: Nya moderaterna).\nFollowing the 2006 general election, Reinfeldt was elected Prime Minister on 6 October. Along with the three other political parties in the centre-right Alliance for Sweden, Reinfeldt presided over a coalition government with the support of a narrow majority in parliament. At the age of 41, he was the third-youngest person to become Prime Minister of Sweden.\nReinfeldt's first term in office was marked by the late-2000s financial crisis and recession. His popularity fell until the economy of Sweden emerged as one of the strongest in Europe; this brought a resurgence of support for him, resulting in his government's re-election in 2010. Despite the Moderate Party getting its highest share of the vote since the introduction of universal suffrage in 1921, Reinfeldt's government was reduced to a minority government, owing to the rise of Sweden Democrats; but he remained in power as the first centre-right Prime Minister since the Swedish-Norwegian Union to be re-elected.\nHis premiership was characterised by \"Arbetslinjen\" (English: Working line), a focus on getting more people into the workforce, and by management of the late-2000s financial crisis and recession which resulted in one of the world's strongest public finances and top rankings in climate and health care.\nHe is the longest-serving non-Social Democratic Prime Minister since Erik Gustaf Bostr\u00f6m's first spell in office between 1891 and 1900. After his defeat in the 2014 election Reinfeldt announced that he would step down from leading the party, which he did on 10 January 2015. The year following his resignation as party leader for the Moderate Party was characterised by the European migrant crisis. Reinfeldt personalised the Swedish \"open-door\" migration policy during his tenure as Prime Minister.", "Q222249": "Civil law is a branch of the law. In common law legal systems such as England and Wales and the United States, the term refers to non-criminal law. The law relating to civil wrongs and quasi-contracts is part of the civil law, as is law of property (other than property-related crimes, such as theft or vandalism). Civil law may, like criminal law, be divided into substantive law and procedural law. The rights and duties of persons (natural persons and legal persons) amongst themselves is the primary concern of civil law. It is often suggested that civil proceedings are taken for the purpose of obtaining compensation for injury, and may thus be distinguished from criminal proceedings, whose purpose is to inflict punishment. However, exemplary damages or punitive damages may be awarded in civil proceedings. It was also formerly possible for common informers to sue for a penalty in civil proceedings.Because some courts have both civil and criminal jurisdiction, civil proceedings cannot be defined as those taken in civil courts. In the United States, the expression \"civil courts\" is used as a shorthand for \"trial courts in civil cases\".In England, the burden of proof in civil proceedings is, in general\u2014with a number of exceptions such as committal proceedings for civil contempt\u2014proof on a balance of probabilities. In civil cases in the law of the Maldives, the burden of proof requires the plaintiff to convince the court of the plaintiff's entitlement to the relief sought. This means that the plaintiff must prove each element of the claim, or cause of action in order to recover.", "Q63525": "Isao Kimura (\u6728\u6751 \u529f, Kimura Isao, June 22, 1923 \u2013 July 4, 1981), also known as K\u014d Kimura, was a Japanese actor. He appeared in several films directed by Akira Kurosawa. The first was Stray Dog (1949) as Yusa the criminal. Perhaps his most notable collaboration with Kurosawa was in Seven Samurai as the youngest of the samurai, Katsushiro. During his career he also appeared in several films directed by Mikio Naruse as well as appearing in the famous Lone Wolf and Cub film series. In addition to a film career spanning almost thirty years, Kimura founded and directed an acting company which ultimately went bankrupt. He died of esophageal cancer.", "Q458966": "Auguste Ambroise Tardieu (10 March 1818 \u2013 12 January 1879) was a French medical doctor and the pre-eminent forensic medical scientist of the mid-19th century.\nThe son of artist and mapmaker Ambroise Tardieu, he achieved his Doctorate in Medicine at the Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine of Paris. He was President of the French Academy of Medicine, as well as Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Professor of Legal Medicine at the University of Paris.\nTardieu's specialties were forensic medicine and toxicology. Over his 23-year career, Tardieu participated as a forensic expert in 5,238 cases, including many famous and notorious historical crimes. Using his cases as a statistical base, Tardieu wrote over a dozen volumes of forensic analysis, covering such diverse areas as abortion, drowning, hanging, insanity, homosexuality, poisoning, suffocation, syphilis, and tattoos.In recognition of his first clinical descriptions of battered children, battered child syndrome is also known as Tardieu's syndrome.Tardieu's ecchymoses, subpleural spots of ecchymosis that follow the death of a newborn child by strangulation or suffocation, were first described by Tardieu in 1859, and were so named in his honor.", "Q1190134": "Rafe Joseph Spall (born 10 March 1983) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles in the Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy of films, portraying Noel in Shaun of the Dead (2004), Andy Cartwright in Hot Fuzz (2007), and briefly appearing as a homebuyer in The World's End (2013).\nAdditionally, Spall has appeared in films including A Good Year (2006), One Day (2011), Anonymous (2011), Prometheus (2012), Life of Pi (2012), The Big Short (2015), The BFG (2016), The Ritual (2017), and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018). He played the title role of Pete Griffiths in Pete versus Life from 2010\u20132011, and has portrayed characters on the TV series The Shadow Line and Black Mirror. He appears in the Men in Black spin-off film Men in Black: International (2019).", "Q214923": "Johann Gebhard Ehrenreich Maass (German: Maa\u00df; February 26, 1766 \u2013 December 23, 1823) was a German psychologist.\nMaass was born in 1766 in Krottendorf near Halberstadt. In 1791 he became an extraordinary professor of philosophy, and in 1798 a full professor. Among his writings on psychology are Versuche: \u00dcber die Einbildungskraft (1792; 2nd ed. 1797), \u00dcber die Leidenschaften (1805\u20131807), and \u00dcber die Gef\u00fchle und Affekte (1811). He died in Halle in 1823.", "Q648501": "Asheville is a city in, and the county seat of, Buncombe County, North Carolina, United States. It is the largest city in Western North Carolina, and the 12th-most populous city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The city's population was 92,452 according to 2018 estimates. It is the principal city in the four-county Asheville metropolitan area, with a population of 424,858 in 2010.", "Q1354864": "Traian Vuia or Trajan Vuia (Romanian pronunciation: [tra\u02c8jan \u02c8vuja]; August 17, 1872 \u2013 September 3, 1950) was a Romanian inventor and aviation pioneer who designed, built and tested the first tractor monoplane. He was the first to demonstrate that a flying machine could rise into the air by running on wheels on an ordinary road. He is credited with a powered hop of 11 m (36 ft) made on March 18, 1906, and he later claimed a powered hop of 24 m (79 ft). Though unsuccessful in sustained flight, Vuia's invention influenced Louis Bl\u00e9riot in designing monoplanes. Later, Vuia also designed helicopters.\nA French citizen from 1918, Vuia led the Romanians (especially Transylvanians) of France in the Resistance during World War II. He returned to Romania just before his death in 1950.", "Q65154": "Friedrich Rudolf Klein (better known as Rudolf Klein-Rogge) was a German film actor, best-known for playing sinister figures in films in the 1920s and 1930s as well as being a main-stay in director Fritz Lang's Weimar-era films. He is probably best known in popular culture, particularly to English-speaking audiences, for playing the archetypal mad scientist role of C. A. Rotwang in Lang's Metropolis and as the criminal genius Doctor Mabuse. Klein-Rogge also appeared in several important French films in the late 1920s and early 1930s.", "Q3453283": "Rupert Christopher Soames OBE (born 18 May 1959) is a British businessman, CEO of the outsourcing company Serco.", "Q983533": "Jean Bobet (born 22 February 1930 in Saint-M\u00e9en-le-Grand) is a French former road bicycle racer. He is the younger brother of Louison Bobet. Less talented, he nevertheless won the world students' championship as an amateur and then, as a professional, Paris\u2013Nice in 1955, Genoa\u2013Nice in 1956 and the Circuit du Morbihan in 1953. He came third in Milan\u2013San Remo in 1953. He rode from 1949 to 1959, including all three Grand Tours.\nHe and his brother retired from racing after a car carrying them crashed outside Paris in the autumn of 1960. Louison went into business ventures and Jean became a journalist. He became head of sport at Radio Luxembourg, wrote for L'\u00c9quipe and then Le Monde. He made occasional contributions to Miroir du Cyclisme and still (2008) appears on television, notably in retrospective programmes. He was instrumental in forming a museum in his brother's memory in Saint-M\u00e9en-le-Grand.\nHe has written several books, including Louison Bobet, une v\u00e9lobiographie (\u00c9ditions Gallimard, 1958), an account of life with his brother in Demain on roule (Editions de la Table Ronde, 2004), translated as Tomorrow We Ride (Mousehold Press, 2008), and a history of Octave Lapize, one of the first stars of the Tour de France: Lapize, celui-l\u00e0 \u00e9tait un 'as' (Editions de la Table Ronde, 2003), translated as Lapize ... now there was an ace (Mousehold Press, 2010).", "Q431708": "No Man's Land is a 1987 American crime film written by Dick Wolf directed by Peter Werner, and stars Charlie Sheen, D. B. Sweeney, and Randy Quaid.", "Q109712": "Heinrich Kruse (1815-1902) was a German dramatist and publicist.", "Q1386922": "John Connolly (born October 21, 1968 in New Jersey) is an American musician best known as the guitarist of alternative metal band Sevendust. Connolly is known for his fire designed custom made Les Paul guitar designed by Epiphone, but has since switched to Dean Guitars.", "Q1049655": "Paraplegia is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. The word comes from Ionic Greek (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b7)\n\"half-stricken\". It is usually caused by spinal cord injury or a congenital condition that affects the neural (brain) elements of the spinal canal. The area of the spinal canal that is affected in paraplegia is either the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral regions. If four limbs are affected by paralysis, tetraplegia or quadriplegia is the correct term. If only one limb is affected, the correct term is monoplegia. Spastic paraplegia is a form of paraplegia defined by spasticity of the affected muscles, rather than flaccid paralysis.\nThe American Spinal Injury Association classifies spinal cord injury severity. ASIA A being the complete loss of sensory function and motor skills below the injury. ASIA B is having some sensory function below the injury, but no motor function. ASIA C some motor function below level of injury, but half the muscles cannot move against gravity. ASIA D, more than half of the muscles below the level of injury can move against gravity. ASIA E which is the restoration of all neurologic function.", "Q661193": "See-Gaster is a constituency (Wahlkreis) in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. The Wahlkreis (SFOS number 1726) has been established on June 10, 2001 with an area of 246.16 km2 (95.04 sq mi).\nIt was formed from the former See and Gaster districts in 2001.", "Q194143": "Bear Island is a 1979 Anglo-Canadian thriller film loosely based on the novel Bear Island by Alistair MacLean. It was directed by Don Sharp and starred Donald Sutherland, Vanessa Redgrave, Richard Widmark, Christopher Lee and Lloyd Bridges.", "Q238211": "City Lights is a 1931 American pre-Code silent romantic comedy film written, produced, directed by, and starring Charlie Chaplin. The story follows the misadventures of Chaplin's Tramp as he falls in love with a blind girl (Virginia Cherrill) and develops a turbulent friendship with an alcoholic millionaire (Harry Myers).\nAlthough sound films were on the rise when Chaplin started developing the script in 1928, he decided to continue working with silent productions. Filming started in December 1928 and ended in September 1930. City Lights marked the first time Chaplin composed the film score to one of his productions and it was written in six weeks with Arthur Johnston. The main theme, used as a leitmotif for the blind flower girl, is the song \"La Violetera\" (\"Who'll Buy my Violets\") from Spanish composer Jos\u00e9 Padilla. Chaplin lost a lawsuit to Padilla for not crediting him.\nCity Lights was immediately successful upon release on January 30, 1931, with positive reviews and box office receipts of $5 million. Today, many critics consider it not only the highest accomplishment of Chaplin's career, but one of the greatest films of all time. In 1991, the Library of Congress selected City Lights for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". In 2007, the American Film Institute ranked it 11th on its list of the best American films ever made. In 1949, the critic James Agee called the film's final scene \"the greatest single piece of acting ever committed to celluloid\".", "Q48978": "LMFAO (an initialism for Laughing My Fucking Ass Off) is an American electronic dance music duo consisting of uncle Redfoo and nephew SkyBlu. They respectively are a son and grandson of Motown Records founder Berry Gordy. RedFoo and SkyBlu grew up in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, where they formed the group LMFAO in 2006 and later became part of the electro house scene. LMFAO started building a local buzz through its shows and radio play. In 2010, they were featured on David Guetta's song \"Gettin' Over You\", which charted all over Europe and the United States, including reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart.\nLMFAO are known for their song \"Party Rock Anthem\", which topped the charts in the United Kingdom, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand, Switzerland, and the United States. \"Party Rock Anthem\" also reached the top five in Italy and Norway and was the third best-selling digital single of 2011 with sales of 9.7 million copies worldwide. In September 2012, the duo announced they would be taking an indefinite hiatus.", "Q154401": "The (First) Slovak Republic (Slovak: [Prv\u00e1] Slovensk\u00e1 republika), otherwise known as the Slovak State (Slovensk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t), was a partially-recognized client state of Nazi Germany which existed between 14 March 1939 and 4 April 1945. The Slovak part of Czechoslovakia declared independence with German support one day before the German occupation of Bohemia and Moravia. The Slovak Republic controlled the majority of the territory of present-day Slovakia but without its current southern and eastern parts, which were ceded to Hungary in 1938 and 1939. It was the first time in history that Slovakia had been a formally independent state.\nA one-party state governed by the far-right Hlinka's Slovak People's Party, the Slovak Republic is primarily known for its collaboration with Nazi Germany, which included sending troops to the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. In 1942, the country deported 58,000 Jews (two-thirds of the Slovak Jewish population) to German-occupied Poland, paying Germany 500 Reichsmarks each. After an increase in the activity of anti-Nazi Slovak partisans, Germany invaded Slovakia, triggering a major uprising. The Slovak Republic was abolished after the Soviet liberation of Czechoslovakia in 1945 and its territory was reintegrated into the Third Czechoslovak Republic. \nThe current Slovak Republic does not consider itself a successor state of the wartime Slovak Republic, instead tracing its lineage to the Czechoslovak government-in-exile. However, some nationalists continue to celebrate 14 March as a day of independence.\n\n", "Q1476652": "Stephen Fearing (born 1963) is a Canadian roots/folk singer-songwriter. In addition to his solo career, Fearing co-founded Canadian roots-rock supergroup Blackie and the Rodeo Kings with Colin Linden and Tom Wilson. He is one half of the duo Fearing & White, with Irish artist Andy White.", "Q28054": "Dame Judith Olivia Dench (born 9 December 1934) is an English actress, artist and author. Dench made her professional debut in 1957 with the Old Vic Company. Over the following few years, she performed in several of Shakespeare's plays, in such roles as Ophelia in Hamlet, Juliet in Romeo and Juliet, and Lady Macbeth in Macbeth. Although most of her work during this period was in theatre, she also branched into film work and won a BAFTA Award as Most Promising Newcomer. She drew rave reviews for her leading role in the musical Cabaret in 1968.\nOver the next two decades, Dench established herself as one of the most significant British theatre performers, working for the National Theatre Company and the Royal Shakespeare Company. She received critical acclaim for her work on television during this period, in the series A Fine Romance (1981\u20131984) and As Time Goes By (1992\u20132005), in both of which she held starring roles. Her film appearances were infrequent, and included supporting roles in major films, such as A Room with a View (1986), before she rose to international fame as M in GoldenEye (1995), a role she continued to play in James Bond films until Skyfall (2012).A seven-time Academy Award nominee, Dench won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as Queen Elizabeth I in Shakespeare in Love (1998); her other Oscar-nominated roles were in Mrs Brown (1997), Chocolat (2000), Iris (2001), Mrs Henderson Presents (2005), Notes on a Scandal (2006) and Philomena (2013). She has also received many other accolades for her acting in theatre, film, and television; her other competitive awards include six British Academy Film Awards, four BAFTA TV Awards, seven Olivier Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, and a Tony Award. She has also received the BAFTA Fellowship in 2001, and the Special Olivier Award in 2004. In June 2011, she received a fellowship from the British Film Institute (BFI). Dench is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA).", "Q276618": "Ray Abruzzo (born August 12, 1954) is an Sicilian-American actor.", "Q998675": "Wausau () is a city in and the county seat of Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States. The Wisconsin River divides the city into east and west. The city's suburbs include Schofield, Weston, Maine, Rib Mountain, Kronenwetter, and Rothschild.\nAs of the 2010 census, Wausau had a population of 39,106. It is the core city of the Wausau Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which includes all of Marathon County and had a population of 134,063 at the 2010 census.", "Q876960": "Minami-ku (\u5357\u533a) is one of the five wards of Kumamoto City, Japan. Meaning literally \"south ward,\" it is bordered by the Nishi-ku, Ch\u016b\u014d-ku, Higashi-ku and also by the cities of Uki, Uto and the towns of Kashima, Mifune and K\u014dsa. As of 2012, it has a population of 122,773 people and an area of 110.02 km2.", "Q365670": "Roy Harper (born 12 June 1941) is an English folk rock singer, songwriter and guitarist. He has released 32 albums (including 10 live albums) across his 50-year career. As a musician, Harper is known for his distinctive fingerstyle playing and lengthy, lyrical, complex compositions, reflecting his love of jazz and the poet John Keats.His influence has been acknowledged by Jimmy Page, Robert Plant, Pete Townshend, Kate Bush, Pink Floyd, and Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull, who said Harper was his \"...primary influence as an acoustic guitarist and songwriter.\" Neil McCormick of The Daily Telegraph described him as \"one of Britain's most complex and eloquent lyricists and genuinely original songwriters... much admired by his peers\". Across the Atlantic his influence has been acknowledged by Seattle-based acoustic band Fleet Foxes, American musician and producer Jonathan Wilson and Californian harpist Joanna Newsom, with whom he has also toured.\nIn 2005, Harper was awarded the MOJO Hero Award, and in 2013 a Lifetime Achievement Award at the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards. His most recent album, Man and Myth, was released in 2013. In 2016, Harper celebrated his 75th birthday by performing concerts in Clonakilty, Birmingham, Manchester, London and Edinburgh.", "Q783": "Honduras ( (listen), ; Spanish: [on\u02c8du\u027eas] (listen)), officially the Republic of Honduras (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de Honduras), is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea.\nHonduras was home to several important Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya, before the Spanish Colonization in the sixteenth century. The Spanish introduced Roman Catholicism and the now predominant Spanish language, along with numerous customs that have blended with the indigenous culture. Honduras became independent in 1821 and has since been a republic, although it has consistently endured much social strife and political instability, and remains one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere. In 1960, the northern part of what was the Mosquito Coast was transferred from Nicaragua to Honduras by the International Court of Justice.The nation's economy is primarily agricultural, making it especially vulnerable to natural disasters such as Hurricane Mitch in 1998. The lower class is primarily agriculturally based while wealth is concentrated in the country's urban centers. Honduras has a Human Development Index of 0.625, classifying it as a nation with medium development. When the Index is adjusted for income inequality, its Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index is 0.443.Honduran society is predominantly Mestizo; however, American Indian, black and white individuals also live in Honduras (2017). The nation had a relatively high political stability until its 2009 coup and again with the 2017 presidential election.Honduras spans about 112,492 km2 (43,433 sq mi) and has a population exceeding 9 million. Its northern portions are part of the Western Caribbean Zone, as reflected in the area's demographics and culture. Honduras is known for its rich natural resources, including minerals, coffee, tropical fruit, and sugar cane, as well as for its growing textiles industry, which serves the international market.", "Q335047": "William Nelson Joy (born November 8, 1954) is an American computer engineer. He co-founded Sun Microsystems in 1982 along with Scott McNealy, Vinod Khosla, and Andy Bechtolsheim, and served as chief scientist at the company until 2003. He played an integral role in the early development of BSD UNIX while a graduate student at Berkeley, and he is the original author of the vi text editor. He also wrote the 2000 essay Why The Future Doesn't Need Us, in which he expressed deep concerns over the development of modern technologies.\n\n", "Q103559": "John (sometimes \"Jack\") Claus Voss (born Johannes Claus Voss; 1858\u20131922) was a German-Canadian sailor best known for sailing around the world in a modified dug-out canoe he named Tilikum (\"Friend\" in Chinook jargon). Initially a carpenter, Voss apprenticed on a ship voyaging around Cape Horn and thereafter lived primarily as a sailor. \nIn 1901 Voss began his most noteworthy voyage with his friend Norman Luxton and ending alone in 1904. He chronicled this and other notable voyages in The Venturesome Voyages of Captain Voss.", "Q67743": "Novazzano is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q2942": "Solingen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8zo\u02d0l\u026a\u014b\u0259n] (listen)) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the northern edge of the region called Bergisches Land, south of the Ruhr area, and, with a 2009 population of 161,366, is after Wuppertal the second largest city in the Bergisches Land. It is a member of the regional authority of the Rhineland.\nSolingen is called the \"City of Blades\", since it has long been renowned for the manufacturing of fine swords, knives, scissors and razors made by famous firms such as WKC, DOVO, W\u00fcsthof, Zwilling J. A. Henckels, B\u00f6ker, Hubertus, Diefenthal, Puma, Clauberg, Eickhorn, Linder, Carl Schmidt Sohn, Dreiturm, Herder, and numerous other manufacturers.\nIn Medieval times, the swordsmiths of Solingen designed the town's coat of arms, which continues to the present. In the latter part of the 17th century, a group of swordsmiths from Solingen broke their guild oaths by taking their sword-making secrets with them to Shotley Bridge, County Durham in England.\n\n", "Q57680": "Essam Abdel-Aziz Sharaf (Arabic: \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u0641\u200e, IPA: [\u0295e\u02c8s\u02e4\u0251\u02d0m \u0295\u00e6bdel\u0295\u00e6\u02c8zi\u02d0z \u02c8\u0283\u0251\u027e\u0251f]; born 1952) is an Egyptian academic who was the Prime Minister of Egypt from 3 March 2011 to 7 December 2011. He served as Minister of Transportation from 2004 to 2005.", "Q270269": "Catherine Sauvage (26 May 1929 \u2013 20 March 1998) was a French singer and actress.", "Q77550": "Christian Schwarz-Schilling (born 19 November 1930 in Innsbruck, Austria), is an Austrian-born German politician, entrepreneur, philanthropist and media and telecommunications innovator who served as the 5th High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1 February 2006 until 30 June 2007 and as the 2nd European Union Special Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina during the same period. He is the son of the composer Reinhard Schwarz-Schilling and is married to the author Marie-Luise Schwarz-Schilling with whom he has two children.", "Q558972": "Kazimierz Brandys (27 October 1916 \u2013 11 March 2000) was a Polish essayist and writer of film scripts.", "Q155079": "Melissa \"Missy\" Arnette Elliott (born July 1, 1971) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and philanthropist. She embarked on her music career with all-female R&B group Sista in the early-mid 1990s and later became a member of the Swing Mob collective along with childhood friend and longtime collaborator Timbaland, with whom she worked on projects for Aaliyah, 702, Total, and SWV. Following several collaborations and guest appearances, she launched her solo career on July 15, 1997 with her debut album Supa Dupa Fly, which spawned the top 20 single \"Sock It 2 Me\". The album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200, the highest charting debut for a female rapper at the time.Elliott's second album, Da Real World, was released on June 22, 1999 and produced the singles \"She's a Bitch\", \"All n My Grill\", and top five hit \"Hot Boyz.\" The remix of the latter song broke the record for most weeks at number-one on the US R&B chart on the issue dated January 15, 2000; as well as spending 18 weeks at number one on the Hot Rap Singles chart, from December 4, 1999 to March 25, 2000. With the release of Miss E... So Addictive (2001), Under Construction (2002), and This Is Not a Test (2003), Elliott established an international career that yielded hits including \"Get Ur Freak On,\" \"One Minute Man,\" \"4 My People,\" \"Gossip Folks,\" and \"Work It.\" The latter won her a Grammy Award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance.\nElliott went on to win four Grammy Awards and sell over 30 million records in the United States. She is the best-selling female rapper in Nielsen Music history, according to Billboard in 2017. In 2019, she became the first female rapper inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and received the MTV VMAs Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award for her impact on the music video landscape.", "Q1033847": "Masao Sueda (\u672b\u7530 \u6b63\u96c4, Sueda Masao, born July 18, 1951 in Kure, Hiroshima) is a Japanese journalist and newscaster, who works for NHK Radio 1.\nSueda was a presenter on the Ohayo Nippon morning show between 2000 and 2003, presented the Ogenki desu ka Nippon Retto afternoon program between 2004 and 2005, and was the weekend presenter on NHK News 7. As of December 2012, he presents the radio program Watashi mo Hitokoto! Y\u016bgata Ny\u016bsu (\u79c1\u3082\u4e00\u8a00\uff01\u5915\u65b9\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9).\n\n", "Q105896": "Werner Veigel (9 November 1928 \u2013 2 May 1995) was a Dutch-born German journalist and news presenter.\nVeigel was born in Den Haag, the son of a German salesman. After his education he successfully completed a sales traineeship in a travel agency. When Radio Hilversum sought an announcer in 1950 Veigel applied and was given the position. In February 1954 he moved to the NWDR, where he was employed as a presenter and newsreader. From 1961 onward he also worked as an announcer and host on television.\nIn 1966 Veigel became a narrator on the Tagesschau, the oldest and the most watched news bulletin on German television. In 1987 Tagesschau promoted him to the role of chief newsreader, succeeding Karl-Heinz K\u00f6pcke. He was considered exemplary in terms of his faultlessness in emphasis, presentation and articulation.\nHe commentated on the 1978 Eurovision Song Contest for ARD, and in 1980 played himself in the Udo Lindenberg film Panische Zeiten. In 1985 Veigel spoke the samples for a German version of Paul Hardcastle's single 19 which reached Number 1 in Germany.\nIn January 1995 Veigel had to give up his position on the Tagesschau due to his declining health. In a magazine interview given the following month he came out as gay; he had lived with his partner Carlheinz Faust since 1955.Veigel died on 2 May 1995 as a result of a brain tumour. He is buried in Ohlsdorf Cemetery in Hamburg.", "Q68316": "Friederike Caroline Neuber, n\u00e9e Friederike Caroline Weissenborn, also known as Friedericke Karoline Neuber, Frederika Neuber, Karoline Neuber, Carolina Neuber, Frau Neuber, and Die Neuberin, (9 March 1697 in Reichenbach im Vogtland \u2013 30 November 1760 near Dresden), was a German actress and theatre director. She is considered one of the most famous actresses and actor-managers in the history of the German theatre, \"influential in the development of modern German theatre.\" Neuber also worked to improve the social and artistic status of German actors and actresses, emphasizing naturalistic technique. During a time when theatrical managers in Germany were predominantly men, Caroline Neuber stands out in history as a remarkably ambitious woman who, during her 25-year career, was able to alter theatrical history, elevating the status of German theatre alongside of Germany's most important male theatrical leaders at the time, such as \"her actor-manager husband Johann, the popular stage fool Johann M\u00fcller, the major actor of the next generation Johann Sch\u00f6nemann, the multi-talented newcomer Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, and principally, their de facto Dramaturg, Johann Gottsched.\"", "Q373774": "Imitation of Life is a 1959 American drama film directed by Douglas Sirk, produced by Ross Hunter and released by Universal International. It was Sirk's final Hollywood film and dealt with issues of race, class and gender. Imitation of Life is the second film adaptation of Fannie Hurst's novel of the same name; the first, directed by John M. Stahl, was released in 1934.\nThe film's top-billed stars are Lana Turner and John Gavin, and the cast also features Sandra Dee, Dan O'Herlihy, Susan Kohner, Robert Alda and Juanita Moore. Kohner and Moore received Academy Award nominations for their performances. Gospel music star Mahalia Jackson appears as a church choir soloist.\nIn 2015, the United States Library of Congress selected Imitation of Life for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" just like the original 1934 film.", "Q186221": "Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Karr (24 November 1808 \u2013 29 September 1890) was a French critic, journalist, and novelist.", "Q283487": "Taking Back Sunday is an American rock band from Long Island, New York. The band was formed by guitarist Eddie Reyes in 1999. The band's members are Adam Lazzara (lead vocals), John Nolan (lead guitar, keyboards, vocals), Shaun Cooper (bass guitar), and Mark O'Connell (drums), and they are joined by Nathan Cogan (guitar) for their live performances. Nolan and Cooper left the group in 2003 before rejoining in 2010.\nThe band has released studio albums with various past members Fred Mascherino (guitar, vocals), Matthew Rubano (bass guitar), Matthew Fazzi (guitar, keyboards, vocals), and Eddie Reyes (guitar). Louder Now (2006) was the band's breakout mainstream album, notably because of the popularity of its lead single \"MakeDamnSure\". The album sold over 900,000 copies and peaked at No. 2 on the United States Billboard 200, surpassing the band's previous Billboard 200 peak in 2004 at No. 3 with Where You Want to Be.\nBefore the release of their first studio album Tell All Your Friends (2002), they released Taking Back Sunday's EP in 2001, when the band featured former lead vocalist Antonio Longo. At that time, the EP received very little attention, eventually resulting in the band seeking a new lead singer, Adam Lazzara. Lazzara had at first joined the band as its guitarist, left a few months after it formed, then replaced original bassist Jesse Lacey (now of Brand New) during the EP's recording sessions. John Nolan and Shaun Cooper left the band in 2003 only to rejoin in 2010, in time for the band's release of their eponymous album Taking Back Sunday (2011). The album was produced by Eric Valentine and released through Warner Bros. Records.\nIn 2014, the band released their sixth studio album Happiness Is to positive reviews. The album reached number 10 on the US Billboard 200. In 2016, they released their seventh album Tidal Wave.", "Q60992": "Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff (R\u00fchmkorff) (15 January 1803 in Hanover \u2013 20 December 1877 in Paris) was a German instrument maker who commercialised the induction coil (often referred to as the Ruhmkorff coil.)\nRuhmkorff was born in Hanover. He changed the \"\u00fc\" to \"u\" in his name when living abroad. After an apprenticeship with a German mechanic, he moved to England. Biographies say that he worked with the inventor Joseph Bramah, but this is unlikely since Bramah died in 1814. He may, though, have worked for the Bramah company. In 1855, he set up a shop in Paris, where he gained a reputation for the high quality of his electrical apparatus.\nAlthough Ruhmkorff is often credited with the invention of the induction coil, it was in fact invented by Nicholas Callan in 1836. Ruhmkorff's first coil, which he patented in 1851, utilized long windings of copper wire to achieve a spark of approximately 2 inches (50 mm) in length. In 1857, after examining a greatly improved version made by an American inventor, Edward Samuel Ritchie, Ruhmkorff improved his design (as did other engineers), using glass insulation and other innovations to allow the production of sparks more than 30 centimetres long. Ruhmkorff patented the first version of his induction coil in 1851, and its success was such that in 1858 he becomes the first recipient of the Volta Prize, 50,000 French francs award by Napoleon III for one of the most important discoveries in the application of electricity. He died in Paris in 1877.", "Q261402": "Karen McDougal (born March 23, 1971) is an American model and actress. She is known for her appearances in Playboy magazine as Playmate of the Month for December 1997 and Playmate of the Year of 1998. In 2001, the readers of Playboy voted McDougal the runner-up of \"The sexiest Playmate of the 1990s\".McDougal taught pre-kindergarten before winning a swimwear competition that launched her career as a glamour, promotional, and swimsuit model. Since her appearances in Playboy, she has extended her career into a wide variety of appearances in mainstream media, including other magazine modeling, television commercials, and minor acting, with mixed success. She has been a successful fitness model, with multiple magazine appearances including being the first woman to appear on the cover of Men's Fitness magazine. She starred in The Arena, a direct-to-video film, and inspired the creation of a fantasy art statuette and a doll.\nMcDougal is a fitness enthusiast, having since childhood engaged in ballet study and high school sports. She is an avid motorcycle and car collector. Since her Playmate days, she has maintained a largely private social life. The revelation of an alleged affair with Donald Trump from 2006\u201307 and its subsequent alleged coverup have put her into national headlines before and after the 2016 United States presidential election.", "Q313080": "DeAndre Cortez Way, better known as Soulja Boy Tell 'Em or simply Soulja Boy, is an American rapper, record producer, actor and entrepreneur. In September 2007, his debut single \"Crank That (Soulja Boy)\" peaked at number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. The single was initially self-published to the internet, and later became a number-one hit in the United States for seven non-consecutive weeks starting in September 2007. On August 17, Way was listed at number 18 on the Forbes list of Hip-Hop Cash Kings of 2010 for earning $7 million that year.", "Q519090": "James W. Cockburn, (February 13, 1819 \u2013 August 14, 1883) was a Canadian Conservative politician, and a father of Canadian Confederation.\n\n", "Q1320883": "A talent manager (also known as an artist manager, band manager or music manager) is an individual or company who guides the professional career of artists in the entertainment industry. The responsibility of the talent manager is to oversee the day-to-day business affairs of an artist; advise and counsel talent concerning professional matters, long-term plans and personal decisions which may affect their career.The roles and responsibilities of a talent manager vary slightly from industry to industry, as do the commissions to which the manager is entitled. For example, a music manager's duties differ from those managers who advise actors, writers, or directors. A manager can also help artists find an agent, or help them decide when to leave their current agent and identify whom to select as a new agent. Talent agents have the authority to make deals for their clients while managers usually can only informally establish connections with producers and studios but do not have the ability to negotiate contracts.", "Q76128": "Richard \"Rick\" Horatio Kavanian (born 26 January 1971, in Munich) is a German actor, comedian, author and voice actor (dubber) of Armenian descent. He is famous for his cooperation with Michael Herbig, which led to many popular movie comedies and parodies, e.g. Manitou's Shoe.\n\n", "Q28732": "Elizabeth Alice Broderick (born February 24, 1959) is an American actress. She is notable for her portrayal of the character Zelda Spellman in the ABC/WB television sitcom Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996\u20132003). She also had recurring roles as Diane Janssen in the ABC mystery drama series Lost (2005\u20132008) and as Rose Twitchell in the CBS science fiction drama series Under the Dome (2013).", "Q7866352": "The USC School of Dramatic Arts (SDA) (formerly the USC School of Theatre) is the dramatic arts school at the University of Southern California. It is ranked one of the top 10 dramatic arts schools in the world, according to The Hollywood Reporter's Top 25 Drama Schools. The USC School of Dramatic Arts offers Bachelor of Arts degrees in theatre and visual & performing arts; Bachelor of Fine Arts degrees in acting, design, sound design, stage management and technical direction; and Master of Fine Arts degrees in acting and dramatic writing.", "Q432567": "The Princess and the Pirate is a 1944 American comedy film directed by David Butler and starring Bob Hope and Virginia Mayo. Based on a story by Sy Bartlett, the film is about a princess who travels incognito to elope with her true love instead of marrying the man to whom she is betrothed. On the high seas, her ship is attacked by pirates who plan to kidnap her and hold her for ransom, unaware that she will be rescued by the unlikeliest of knights errant. Produced by Samuel Goldwyn, The Princess and the Pirate received Academy Award nominations for Best Art Direction and Best Music Score.", "Q154367": "Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (German: [\u02c8kl\u0254p\u0283t\u0254k]; 2 July 1724 \u2013 14 March 1803) was a German poet. His best known work is the epic poem Der Messias (\"The Messiah\"). One of his major contributions to German literature was to open it up to exploration outside of French models.\n\n", "Q109074": "Thomas Christoph Harlan (19 February 1929 \u2013 16 October 2010) was a German author and director of French-language films.", "Q714518": "Ali Babacan (Turkish pronunciation: [a\u02c8li baba\u02c8d\u0292an]; born 4 April 1967) is a Turkish politician. He is member of the parliament and former Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey responsible for the Economy. He first served as the Minister of State in charge of economic affairs in the 58th cabinet from the Justice and Development Party (AK Party). He retained this position throughout the 58th and 59th Governments of the Republic of Turkey. On 29 August 2007 he was appointed as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the 60th Government of the Republic of Turkey. During 2009\u20132015 he served as the Deputy Prime Minister for Economic and Financial Affairs of Turkey. He is married with three children. In 2019, Babacan left the AKP, citing \u201cdeep differences\u201d over the party\u2019s direction as a reason.\nBabacan has hit out at the country's \"misguided and populist\" economic management launching a new party aimed at challenging the ruling Party. Babacan, at the hunch of his party - whose name translated to English means \"the remedy\" - said the public opinion perception of the government has now \"seriously changed\".", "Q1397191": "Mohsen Namjoo (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0648\u200e) is an Iranian singer-songwriter. His style of music is influenced by blues and rock as well as Iranian folk music. The lyrics of his songs are also a combination of Persian classical poems, his own lyrics, and contemporary poems; Namjoo uses the words freely, infusing them with irony and sarcasm to carry the music and to create a free style form of singing.", "Q244872": "D-Day the Sixth of June is a 1956 CinemaScope romance war film made by 20th Century Fox. It was directed by Henry Koster and produced by Charles Brackett from a screenplay by Ivan Moffat and Harry Brown, based on the novel, The Sixth of June by Lionel Shapiro.\nThe film stars Robert Taylor, Richard Todd (who participated in the Normandy landings in real life), Dana Wynter, and Edmond O'Brien.\n\n", "Q202827": "Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (French: [\u0261aspa\u0281 \u0261ystav d\u0259 k\u0254\u0281j\u0254lis]; 21 May 1792 \u2013 19 September 1843) was a French mathematician, mechanical engineer and scientist. He is best known for his work on the supplementary forces that are detected in a rotating frame of reference, leading to the Coriolis effect. He was the first to apply the term travail (translated as \"work\") for the transfer of energy by a force acting through a distance.", "Q116154": "Lauriane Gilli\u00e9ron (born July 25, 1984 in Lausanne, Vaud) is a Swiss actress, model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Switzerland 2005 on September 21, 2005 and represented Switzerland at Miss Universe 2006 and placed 2nd Runner-Up.\n\n", "Q146763": "Pearl Zane Grey (January 31, 1872 \u2013 October 23, 1939) was an American author and dentist best known for his popular adventure novels and stories associated with the Western genre in literature and the arts; he idealized the American frontier. Riders of the Purple Sage (1912) was his best-selling book.\nIn addition to the commercial success of his printed works, his books have had second lives and continuing influence when adapted as films and television productions. His novels and short stories have been adapted into 112 films, two television episodes, and a television series, Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater.", "Q3027093": "Didier Lombard (born 27 February 1942) is a French businessman. Between February 2005 and March 2010 he was chairman and CEO of France T\u00e9l\u00e9com. In 2010 he resigned as CEO, retaining the chairmanship. Since 2012, he has been under indictment for criminal acts of \"moral harassment\" (harc\u00e8lement moral) for abusive human resource policies during his leadership at France T\u00e9l\u00e9com alleged to have caused a number of suicides, leading to a criminal trial in May 2019.", "Q263215": "Gloria Anna Holden (September 5, 1903 \u2013 March 22, 1991) was an English-born American film actress, best known for her role as Dracula's Daughter. She often portrayed cold society women.", "Q96962": "Peter Florin (2 October 1921 \u2013 17 February 2014) was an East German politician and diplomat.", "Q21738172": "Spies of Warsaw is a British television series in which a Deuxi\u00e8me Bureau intelligence agent (spy) poses as a military attach\u00e9 at the French embassy in Warsaw, and finds himself drawn into the outbreak of World War II.The television series takes its name from its source, The Spies of Warsaw, a 2008 spy novel by Alan Furst.", "Q712169": "Franklin G. Wells (March 4, 1932 \u2013 April 3, 1994) was an American businessman who served as president of The Walt Disney Company from 1984 until his death in 1994.", "Q235053": "Rachel Marie Oberlin (born October 7, 1986), also known by her stage name Bree Olson, is an American actress, model, and former pornographic actress. She performed in over 281 pornographic films from 2006 to 2011 before changing to mainstream acting. Since leaving the adult film industry, she has become critical of the industry and the stigma attached to being a former porn actress.", "Q611312": "Lieutenant-General Sir George Mark Watson Macdonogh (4 March 1865 \u2013 10 July 1942) was a British Army general officer. After early service in the Royal Engineers he became a staff officer prior to the outbreak of the First World War. His main role in the war was as Director of Military Intelligence at the War Office in 1916-18.", "Q329308": "G\u00e1bor Vaszary or G\u00e1bor von Vaszary, (7 June 1897 in Budapest \u2013 22 May 1985), was a Hungarian novelist and screenwriter. He emigrated to Switzerland in 1947. He wrote a number of novels which depict life in Paris in the 1950s.Several of his books have been adapted for cinema, for example Monpti which was the basis for the 1957 film Love from Paris directed by Helmut K\u00e4utner.", "Q182047": "Gary Russell (born 18 September 1963) is a British freelance writer, producer and former child actor. As a writer, he is best known for his work in connection with the television series Doctor Who and its spin-offs in other media. As an actor, he is best known for playing Dick Kirrin in the British 1978 television series The Famous Five.\n\n", "Q7184": "The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; French: Organisation du trait\u00e9 de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 North American and European countries. The organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949. NATO constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its independent member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party. NATO's Headquarters are located in Evere, Brussels, Belgium, while the headquarters of Allied Command Operations is near Mons, Belgium.\nSince its founding, the admission of new member states has increased the alliance from the original 12 countries to 30. The most recent member state to be added to NATO was North Macedonia on 27 March 2020. NATO currently recognizes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, and Ukraine as aspiring members. An additional 20 countries participate in NATO's Partnership for Peace program, with 15 other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue programs. The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the global total. Members agreed that their aim is to reach or maintain the target defence spending of at least 2% of GDP by 2024.", "Q978959": "Edwin O'Connor (July 29, 1918 \u2013 March 23, 1968) was an American journalist, novelist, and radio commentator. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1962 for his novel The Edge of Sadness (1961). His ancestry was Irish, and his novels concerned the Irish-American experience and often dealt with the lives of politicians and priests.\n\n", "Q89842": "Nicola Tiggeler (born 1 April 1960 in Hanover) is a German actress, singer, dancer and acting teacher.\n\n", "Q670277": "Arthur Russell (born Charles Arthur Russell Jr.; May 21, 1951 \u2013 April 4, 1992) was an American cellist, composer, producer, singer, and musician from Iowa, whose work spanned a disparate range of styles. Trained in contemporary experimental composition and Indian classical music, in the mid-1970s he relocated to New York, where he became associated with Lower Manhattan's avant-garde community as well as the city's disco scene. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Russell produced a considerable collection of material, including several underground dance hits under aliases such as Dinosaur L and Indian Ocean, but his difficulty in completing projects resulted in a limited amount of released output; World of Echo (1986) was his only solo pop album to be released during his life.\nOver the course of his career, Russell collaborated with a wide variety of artists, including composers Steve Reich and Philip Glass, poet Allen Ginsberg, musicians such as Peter Gordon, David Van Tieghem, Peter Zummo and David Byrne, and DJs such as Walter Gibbons, Larry Levan, and Nicky Siano. He died from AIDS-related illnesses in 1992, still in relative obscurity and nearly broke. Throughout the 2000s, a series of reissues, compilations, books, and a biographical documentary significantly raised his profile. Following his death, several albums of his various unheard recordings were compiled and released, including The World of Arthur Russell (2004) and Calling Out of Context (2004). The documentary Wild Combination: A Portrait of Arthur Russell was released in 2008.", "Q87338": "Julius Gehl (July 4, 1869, Bromberg, Province of Posen - March 1945, Danzig) was a German social democratic politician. Gehl served as the Chairman of the West Prussian District League of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Gehl was a prominent leader of the Social Democratic Party of the Free City of Danzig during the interbellum years, serving as its chairman and parliamentary faction leader. Gehl also served as Vice President of the Senate of the Free City.\n\n", "Q81991": "Reijo Kalevi Lepp\u00e4nen (born August 11, 1951 in Turku, Finland) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played in the SM-liiga. He played for TPS. He was inducted into the Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame in 1992.", "Q90644": "Ernst P\u00f6hner (January 11, 1870, Hof, Bavaria \u2013 April 11, 1925) was Munich's Chief of Police ('Green' Police President) from 1919 to 1922. A vigorous nationalist and anti-communist (he attempted, for example, to have Ostjuden or \"Eastern Jews\" expelled from Bavaria after the downfall of the Communist Bavarian Soviet Republic under the leadership of Eugen Levine was defeated in 1919), he was instrumental in mounting terror and in supporting the Organisation Consul death squads. Confronted with the charge that entire groups of right-wing political assassins were at large and working in and around Munich, he is reported to have said: \"Yes ... but too few of them.\"He was closely linked to Gustav von Kahr, who had staged his own putsch in 1920 but who opposed the 1923 Hitler putsch. P\u00f6hner was a central figure in the Hitler putsch being named as Bavaria's prime minister on the night. He was subsequently convicted with Hitler in 1924 for five years, but released three months later, dying in a mysterious car accident in 1925. He is mentioned in Mein Kampf.", "Q308891": "Special wards (\u7279\u5225\u533a, tokubetsu-ku) are a special form of municipalities in Japan under the 1947 Local Autonomy Law. They are city-level wards: primary subdivisions of a prefecture with municipal autonomy largely comparable to other forms of municipalities.\nAlthough the autonomy law today allows for special wards to be established in other prefectures, to date, they only exist in the Tokyo Metropolis which consists of 23 special wards and 39 other, ordinary municipalities (cities, towns and villages). The Special wards of Tokyo (\u6771\u4eac\u7279\u5225\u533a, T\u014dky\u014d tokubetsu-ku) occupy the land that was Tokyo City in its 1936 borders before it was abolished under the T\u014dj\u014d Cabinet in 1943 to become directly ruled by the prefectural government, then renamed to \"Metropolitan\". During the Occupation of Japan, municipal autonomy was restored to former Tokyo City by the establishment of special wards, each with directly elected mayor and assembly, as in any other city, town or village in Tokyo and the rest of the country. Minority, mostly leftist calls for a restoration of Tokyo City (\u6771\u4eac\u5e02\u5fa9\u6d3b, T\u014dky\u014d-shi fukkatsu) were not answered. The question of whether special wards actually are municipalities with full local autonomy rights at all remained a political and legal issue for decades.\nIn Japanese, they are collectively also known as \"Wards area of Tokyo Metropolis\" (\u6771\u4eac\u90fd\u533a\u90e8, T\u014dky\u014d-to kubu), \"former Tokyo City\" (\u65e7\u6771\u4eac\u5e02, ky\u016b-T\u014dky\u014d-shi), or less formally the 23 wards (23\u533a, nij\u016bsan-ku) or just Tokyo (\u6771\u4eac, T\u014dky\u014d) if the context makes obvious that this doesn't refer to the whole prefecture. Today, all wards refer to themselves as a city in English, but the Japanese designation of special ward (tokubetsu-ku) remains unchanged. They are a group of 23 municipalities; there is no associated single government body separate from the Tokyo Metropolitan Government which governs all 62 municipalities of Tokyo, not only the special wards.", "Q127606": "Samuel Greene Arnold, Jr. (April 12, 1821 \u2013 February 14, 1880) was a United States Senator from Rhode Island born in Providence. He received his early education under private tutors, then graduated from Brown University in 1841 and the law department of Harvard University in 1845, gaining admission to the bar that year. He was a lawyer and historian, and was trustee of Brown University from 1848-80.", "Q764570": "Federico Capasso (born 1949, Rome, Italy), a prominent applied physicist, was one of the inventors of the quantum cascade laser during his work at Bell Laboratories. He is currently on the faculty of Harvard University. He has co-authored over 450 papers, edited four volumes, and holds over 60 US patents.\n\n", "Q8738": "Meissen (in German orthography: Mei\u00dfen, IPA: [\u02c8ma\u026asn\u0329]) is a town of approximately 30,000 about 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Dresden on both banks of the Elbe river in the Free State of Saxony, in eastern Germany. Meissen is the home of Meissen porcelain, the Albrechtsburg castle, the Gothic Meissen Cathedral and the Meissen Frauenkirche. The Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt is the capital of the Meissen district.", "Q648930": "B\u00e9la Komj\u00e1di (15 March 1892 \u2013 5 March 1933; known as B\u00e9la B\u00e1csi (Uncle B\u00e9la) by his players) was a Hungarian water polo player and coach.", "Q89315": "Friedrich Wilhelm von Thulemeyer or Frederick William von Thulemeier was born or baptized on November 9, 1735. He died July 6, 1811, also in Berlin. In 1763 he was sent by Frederick the Great as a diplomat in the Republic of the Seven United Provinces. In 1784/85 he was one of the architects of a trade relations between the US and Prussia. In 1788 he became justice minister under Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia. Of particular importance is - even today - his collection of music prints.", "Q139438": "Jan Timman (born 14 December 1951) is a Dutch chess Grandmaster who was one of the world's leading players from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. At the peak of his career he was considered to be the best non-Soviet player and was known as \"The Best of the West\". He has won the Dutch Chess Championship nine times and has been a Candidate for the World Championship several times. He lost the title match of the 1993 FIDE World Championship against Anatoly Karpov.", "Q1061330": "Christchurch Airport (IATA: CHC, ICAO: NZCH) is the main airport that serves Christchurch, New Zealand. It is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) to the northwest of the city centre, in the suburb of Harewood. Christchurch (Harewood) Airport officially opened on 18 May 1940 and became New Zealand's first international airport on 16 December 1950. It is the second busiest airport in New Zealand after Auckland by both annual passengers and aircraft movements. Christchurch and Auckland are the only two airports in New Zealand that regularly handle Boeing 747 and Airbus A380 aircraft. The airport is curfew free operating 24 hours a day.\nThe prevailing wind in Christchurch is from the north-east and to a lesser extent from the south-west, but the city is also affected by Canterbury's nor'wester foehn wind. As a result, the airport has two perpendicular runways: a 3,288 metres (10,787 ft) primary runway (02/20) oriented with the north-easterly and south-westerly prevailing winds, and a 1,741 metres (5,712 ft) secondary runway (11/29) oriented for use during nor'westers. The airport also has a third grass runway, parallel to the primary runway, for use by general aviation. To serve an increasing number of passengers, the airport has completed construction of a major terminal upgrade. The new construction's primary wing opened in 2011 and the upgrade was completed in 2013.", "Q69587": "Veyrier is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.", "Q2573": "Gustav Walter Heinemann (23 July 1899 \u2013 7 July 1976) was a German politician. He was Mayor of the city of Essen from 1946 to 1949, West German Minister of the Interior from 1949 to 1950, Minister of Justice from 1966 to 1969 and President of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1969 to 1974.", "Q188783": "Moshe Dayan (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05df\u200e; 20 May 1915 \u2013 16 October 1981) was an Israeli military leader and politician. As commander of the Jerusalem front in the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War, chief of staff of the Israel Defense Forces (1953\u201358) during the 1956 Suez Crisis, but mainly as Defense Minister during the Six-Day War in 1967, he became to the world a fighting symbol of the new state of Israel. In the 1930s, he was trained by Orde Wingate to set traps for Palestinian-Arabs fighting the British and he later lost an eye in a raid on Vichy forces in Lebanon. Dayan was close to David Ben-Gurion and joined him in leaving the Mapai party and setting up the Rafi party in 1965 with Shimon Peres. Dayan became Defence Minister just before the 1967 Six-Day War. After the October War of 1973, Dayan was blamed for the lack of preparedness; after some time he resigned. In 1977, following the election of Menachem Begin as Prime Minister, Dayan was expelled from the Labor Party because he joined the Likud-led government as Foreign Minister, playing an important part in negotiating the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel.", "Q943298": "Richard Terfry (born March 4, 1972), better known by his stage name Buck 65, is a Canadian alternative hip hop artist. Underpinned by an extensive background in abstract hip hop, his more recent music has extensively incorporated blues, country, rock, folk and avant-garde influences.\nTerfry is also a radio host, hosting the weekday Drive show on CBC Music since September 2, 2008. In addition, he once hosted a weekday program on CBC Radio 3's web radio station.", "Q7399965": "Saidel Brito (born Saidel Brito y Lorenzo on December 4, 1973 in Matanzas, Cuba) is a prominent Cuban artist specializing in drawing, sculpture, installation and photography.\nBrito studied in 1992 at the Escuela Nacional de Arte (ENA) and continued at Instituto Superior de Arte (ISA) in Havana, Cuba graduating in 1997.\n\n", "Q312611": "Youssef Chahine (Arabic: \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u200e; 25 January 1926 \u2013 27 July 2008) was an Egyptian film director.\nHe was active in the Egyptian film industry from 1950 until his death. A winner of the Cannes 50th Anniversary Award (for lifetime achievement), Chahine was credited with launching the career of actor Omar Sharif. A well regarded director with critics, he was often present at film festivals during the earlier decades of his work, Chahine gained his largest international audiences as one of the co-directors of 11'9\"01 September 11 (2002).", "Q40115": "Chasing Amy is a 1997 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Kevin Smith and starring Ben Affleck, Joey Lauren Adams, and Jason Lee. The film is about a male comic artist (Affleck) who falls in love with a lesbian woman (Adams), to the displeasure of his best friend (Lee). It is the third film in Smith's View Askewniverse series.\nThe film was originally inspired by a brief scene from an early film by a friend of Smith's. In Guinevere Turner's Go Fish, one of the lesbian characters imagines her friends passing judgment on her for \"selling out\" by sleeping with a man. Smith was dating Adams at the time he was writing the script, which was also partly inspired by her.The film received mostly positive reviews, praising the humor, performances and Kevin Smith's direction. The film won two awards at the 1998 Independent Spirit Awards (Best Screenplay for Smith and Best Supporting Actor for Lee). Characters from the film would go on to appear in later Askewniverse films Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back (2001) and Jay and Silent Bob Reboot (2019), direct spin-offs of Chasing Amy, with Affleck, Lee, Adams and Ewell reprising their roles in cameo appearances; Smith describing the characters' roles in Jay and Silent Bob Reboot as being an \"eight-page sequel\" to Chasing Amy.", "Q4757575": "Andrew Karney, FIET, FRSA is a British electrical engineer, businessman and company director.\n\n", "Q1502448": "Geno Washington (born William Francis Washington, December 1943, Evansville, Indiana) is an American R&B singer who released five albums with the Ram Jam Band between 1966 and 1969, and eight solo albums beginning in 1976.", "Q739663": "Wally Albright (born Walton Algernon Albright Jr.; September 3, 1925 \u2013 August 7, 1999) was an American child actor. He was best known for his role in the Our Gang film series.", "Q877897": "Bossier City ( BOH-zh\u0259r) is a city in Bossier Parish, which is located in the northwestern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana in the United States. It is the second most populous city in the Shreveport-Bossier City metropolitan area. In 2018 it had a census-estimated population of 68,222. Bossier City is located on the eastern bank of the Red River and is closely tied economically and socially to its larger sister city Shreveport on the opposite bank. Bossier City is the largest city in Louisiana that is not the parish seat.", "Q403235": "Mamoon al-Farkh (Arabic: \u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062e\u200e; 31 January 1958 in Damascus, Syria) is a prominent Syrian television, theatre and Voice acting who worked on several Dubbing animation TV series and Radio voice-over and Radio drama .", "Q1262695": "Quinton Joseph Flynn (born October 10, 1964) is an American actor and voice actor, who is most notable for providing the English voices of video game characters such as Raiden in the Metal Gear series, Marcus Damon in Digimon Data Squad, Lea and Axel in the Kingdom Hearts series, Reno in Final Fantasy VII and its sequels and prequels, and Henry in No More Heroes. He is a frequently recurring actor in the Crash Bandicoot video game series. He also voices Jhin from League of Legends. From 2010 to 2017, he was the voice of Silver the Hedgehog in the Sonic series.", "Q924565": "Brodie McGhie Willcox (1786\u20131862) was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP) and the co-founder of the Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Company, one of the United Kingdom's largest shipping businesses.", "Q680190": "Jas Gawronski (born 7 February 1936) is an Italian journalist and politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament for North-West with the Forza Italia, Member of the Bureau of the European People's Party and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs.", "Q70968": "Adam Reusner, also Reissner or Rei\u00dfner (c. 1496-1575 (some claim 1572 or 1582)) in Mindelheim) was a German mystic, hymn-writer and poet.", "Q56011": "Anna Maria Magnani (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8anna ma\u0272\u02c8\u0272a\u02d0ni]; 7 March 1908 \u2013 26 September 1973) was an Italian stage and film actress. Widely regarded as one of the greatest actresses of Italian and World cinema, she was known for her explosive acting and earthy, real life portrayals of characters.\nBorn in Rome, she worked her way through Rome's Academy of Dramatic Art by singing at night clubs. During her career, her only child was stricken by polio when he was 18 months old and remained crippled. She was referred to as \"La Lupa,\" the \"perennial toast of Rome\" and a \"living she-wolf symbol\" of the cinema. Time magazine described her personality as \"fiery\", and drama critic Harold Clurman said her acting was \"volcanic\". In the realm of Italian cinema she was \"passionate, fearless, and exciting,\" an actress that film historian Barry Monush calls \"the volcanic earth mother of all Italian cinema.\" Director Roberto Rossellini called her \"the greatest acting genius since Eleonora Duse\". Playwright Tennessee Williams became an admirer of her acting and wrote The Rose Tattoo specifically for her to star in, a role for which she received an Academy Award for Best Actress, becoming the first Italian ever to win an Oscar.\nAfter meeting director Goffredo Alessandrini she received her first screen role in La cieca di Sorrento (The Blind Woman of Sorrento) (1934) and later achieved international fame in Rossellini's Rome, Open City (1945), considered the first significant movie to launch the Italian neorealism movement in cinema. As an actress she became recognized for her dynamic and forceful portrayals of \"earthy lower-class women\" in such films as L'Amore (1948), Bellissima (1951), The Rose Tattoo (1955), The Fugitive Kind (1960) and Mamma Roma (1962). As early as 1950 Life magazine had already stated that Magnani was \"one of the most impressive actresses since Garbo\".", "Q4801470": "ArtsEd is an independent performing arts school based in Chiswick in the London Borough of Hounslow.", "Q18418": "Fellini: A Director's Notebook (Italian: Bloc-notes di un regista) is an Italian documentary for television directed by Federico Fellini shot in 16mm and first broadcast in the United States on NBC in 1969, on NBC Experiment in Television.", "Q850596": "Sir John Ronald Leon Standing, 4th Baronet (born John Ronald Leon; 16 August 1934) is an English actor.", "Q173531": "Robert Charles Bell (born 10 April 1958 in Belfast, Northern Ireland) is the chief technical officer of the Renault Formula One team.\nBell attended Queen's University in Belfast, gaining a doctorate in Aeronautical Engineering. before joining McLaren in 1982 and worked as the company aerodynamicist until 1988, when he was promoted to head of research and development for the next two years. In 1997, Bell moved to the Benetton Formula team, working there with Nick Wirth.He worked as the Senior Aerodynamicist at Benetton until 1999, when he went to the Jordan Grand Prix team joining them as the head of vehicle technology, after being invited by his former McLaren colleague Mike Gascoyne. Both left Jordan for Renault F1 and in 2001, Bell was appointed the deputy technical director at the Enstone team, becoming the technical director in 2003 when Mike Gascoyne departed to join the Toyota F1 team.Bell was Renault F1's technical director during the hugely successful 2005 and 2006 seasons, in which his R25 and R26 won both the Drivers' and the Constructor's championships. The next two seasons saw very few good results, and his projects dropped in the Constructor's championship to fourth place in 2007 and 2008.\nAfter the resignations of Flavio Briatore and Pat Symonds in relation to the Renault Formula One crash controversy, Bell was appointed acting team principal for the rest of 2009, on September 23, 2009. For the 2010 season, Bell held the position of managing director for the Renault team until leaving the team on October 6, 2010.\nOn 18 February 2011, Bell was appointed as the new technical director of Mercedes GP, effective of 1 April 2011. On 14 April 2014, Mercedes announced that Bell had resigned his position in December 2013 and would be leaving the team in November 2014.Prior to the 2015 Canadian Grand Prix, Manor Marussia announced the recruitment of Bell as technical consultant.On 3 February 2016, Bell was announced as the chief technical officer at the newly created Renault Sport F1 Team, with the Renault R.S.16 car.", "Q721992": "The Veronicas are an Australian pop duo from Brisbane. The group was formed in 2004 by identical twin sisters Lisa and Jessica Origliasso.\nIn 2005, the Veronicas released their debut studio album, titled The Secret Life of... which peaked at number two on the Australian Album Chart and was certified 4\u00d7 platinum by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for selling over 280,000 copies. The album spawned five singles, led by \"4ever\", three of which were top ten singles in Australia. In 2007, the duo released their second studio album, Hook Me Up, which also peaked at number two in Australia and was certified 2\u00d7 platinum for selling over 140,000 copies. The album garnered four Australian top ten singles. The album's title track, \"Hook Me Up\", was the Veronicas' first number one single in Australia, while \"Untouched\" was an international top ten hit.\nFollowing a lengthy hiatus (broken only by the July 2012 release of the Australian top forty single, \"Lolita\" and various gigs for their fans), in September 2014, the Veronicas released \"You Ruin Me\", the first single from their self-titled third studio album. The song debuted at number one on the ARIA Charts, becoming the girls' second chart topping single and their first to debut in the top spot. It also charted in United States and United Kingdom. The album was released both physically and digitally on 21 November 2014. In 2016, they hosted the ARIA Music Awards.", "Q861993": "William Joseph Cardoso (September 24, 1937 - February 26, 2006) was an American journalist who was known for coining the term \"gonzo journalism\".\nCardoso was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts and raised in Somerville, Massachusetts. He was the youngest of three brothers and had one daughter, Linda Cardoso.\nHe studied journalism at Boston University and in 1967 he joined The Boston Globe and shortly thereafter became editor of the Globe Sunday magazine. He eventually settled in California.\nWhile not as well known as his literary friends, he wrote for many publications in the 1960s and 1970s such as Crawdaddy!, Harper's Weekly, New Times,\nRamparts, and Rolling Stone. He was also a good friend of Hunter S. Thompson and was present for the legendary Rumble in the Jungle.\nHis work was collected in a 1984 volume called The Maltese Sangweech and Other Heroes. He also fondly shared his memories of Hunter S. Thompson with E. Jean Carroll for her 1993 biography, Hunter.\nCardoso died of heart failure in the early morning of February 26, 2006, at his home in Kelseyville, California, aged 68.", "Q85249": "Emma Guntz (n\u00e9e Emma Linnebach) (born August 30, 1937 in Bruchsal) is a German-French poet, journalist and editor living and working in Strasbourg, France.", "Q156941": "Eduard Suess (German: [\u02c8\u02c8e\u02d0dua\u0281t zy\u02d0s]; 20 August 1831 \u2013 26 April 1914) was an Austrian geologist and an expert on the geography of the Alps. He is responsible for hypothesising two major former geographical features, the supercontinent Gondwana (proposed in 1861) and the Tethys Ocean.", "Q377923": "Some Came Running is a 1958 American drama film directed by Vincente Minnelli and starring Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, and Shirley MacLaine, based on the novel of the same name by James Jones. Set in 1948, it tells the story of a troubled Army veteran and author who returns to his Midwestern hometown after 16 years, to the chagrin of his wealthy, social-climbing brother.\nMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer, in a bid to duplicate the success of the multi\u2013Academy Award winning film adaptation of Jones' earlier novel, From Here to Eternity (1953), optioned the 1,200-plus-page book Some Came Running and cast Sinatra as the lead. Sinatra approved Dean Martin for the role of Bama, in what would be their first film together. MacLaine garnered her first Oscar nomination, which she credited to Sinatra for his insistence on changing the film's ending. The film was released in CinemaScope and Metrocolor.", "Q822666": "Hamao Umezawa (\u6885\u6ca2 \u6d5c\u592b, Umezawa Hamao, October 1, 1914 - December 25, 1986) was a Japanese scientist who discovered several antimicrobial agents and enzyme inhibitors.\nAfter graduating from the Musashi Junior and Senior High School, Umezawa completed his medical degree at the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine in 1937. After serving in Japanese army during World War II Umezawa did work on tuberculosis which led to his discovery, in 1956, of antibiotic kanamycin. By this stage Umezawa was heading the Institute of Microbial Chemistry in Tokyo where his main focus was antimicrobial agents manufactured through fermentation processes. Also in the mid-1950s Umezawa discovered kasugamycin, a compound useful in combating rice molds. In the early 1960s he discovered the cancer drug bleomycin.\nThe Hamao Umezawa Memorial Museum in Setagaya, Tokyo was named in his honour.", "Q89473": "Doris Kunstmann (born 22 October 1944) is a German actress. She has appeared in more than one hundred films since 1963.", "Q296505": "Robert Hepler Lowe (; born March 17, 1964) is an American actor, producer, and director. He is the recipient of two Screen Actors Guild Awards and has been nominated for six Golden Globes Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award.\nLowe made his acting debut at the age of 15 with ABC's short-lived sitcom A New Kind of Family (1979\u20131980). Following numerous television roles in the early 1980s, he came to prominence as a teen idol and member of the Brat Pack with roles in films like The Outsiders (1983), Class (1983), The Hotel New Hampshire (1984), Oxford Blues (1984), St. Elmo's Fire (1985), About Last Night... (1986), and Square Dance (1987). The success of these films established him as a Hollywood star.\nFollowing a 1988 sex tape scandal, Lowe's public image and film career declined. By the turn of the millennium, his career saw a resurgence when he ventured back into television, making his breakthrough as Sam Seaborn on the NBC political drama The West Wing (1999\u20132003), for which he received nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award and two Golden Globe Awards. His other television roles include Robert McCallister on the ABC drama Brothers & Sisters (2006\u20132010), Chris Traeger on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation (2010\u20132014), Ethan Willis on the CBS medical drama Code Black (2015\u20132018), and the Fox drama 9-1-1: Lone Star (2020\u2013present) as Owen Strand. In 2018, he made his directorial debut with the television film The Bad Seed, a remake of the 1956 film of the same name.", "Q300573": "A Study in Scarlet is a 1933 American Pre-Code drama film directed by Edwin L. Marin and starring Reginald Owen as Sherlock Holmes and Anna May Wong as Mrs. Pyke. The title comes from Arthur Conan Doyle's novel of the same name, the first in the Holmes series, but the screenplay by Robert Florey was original.Despite her billing, Anna May Wong only appears on screen for less than ten minutes. Reginald Owen had played Dr. Watson in Sherlock Holmes the previous year; Owen was one of only five actors to play both Holmes and Watson (Jeremy Brett played Watson on stage in the United States prior to adopting the mantle of Holmes on British television, and Howard Marion-Crawford played Holmes on British radio and Watson on American television; Carleton Hobbs played both roles in British radio adaptations; while Patrick Macnee played both roles in US television movies).\n\n", "Q203708": "Manuel Aza\u00f1a D\u00edaz (Spanish pronunciation: [ma\u02c8nwel a\u02c8\u03b8a\u0272a]; 10 January 1880 \u2013 3 November 1940) was a Spanish politician who served as Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic (1931\u20131933 and 1936) and the last President of the Republic (1936\u20131939).\nA collaborator in several publications in the 1910s, he stood out in the pro-Allies camp during World War I. Very critical towards the Generation of '98 and not keen of the reimagination of the Spanish Middle Ages, the Imperial Spain nor the 20th yearnings for a praetorian refurbishment of the country, Aza\u00f1a followed instead the examples of the French Enlightenment and the Third French Republic, and took a political quest for democracy in the 1920s while defending the notion of homeland as the \"democratic equality of all citizens towards the law\" that made him embrace republicanism.\nAfter the Proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in April 1931, Aza\u00f1a became Minister of War of the Provisional Government and enacted military reform, looking to develop a modern armed forces with fewer army officers. He later became Prime Minister in October 1931.\nThe Spanish Civil War broke out while he was President. With the defeat of the Republic in 1939, he fled to France, resigned from office, and died in exile shortly afterwards.", "Q99660": "Dietmar Woidke (born 22 October 1961) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. Since August 2013, Woidke has served as Minister President of Brandenburg. He is married.", "Q382202": "Jeffrey Nels Williams (born January 18, 1958) is a retired United States Army officer and a NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of four space flights and formerly held the American record for most days spent in space, which was surpassed in April 2017 by his colleague Peggy Whitson. He still holds the record of the longest time in space for an American man.", "Q340157": "Hapkido aka Lady Kung Fu (Chinese: \u5408\u6c23\u9053) is a 1972 Hong Kong film directed by Huang Feng, starring Angela Mao, Carter Wong and Sammo Hung. It was released by Golden Harvest. It was digitally re-mastered and restored by Hong Kong Legends in 2006.", "Q156799": "Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez M\u00e1rquez (Spanish pronunciation: [fe\u02c8lipe \u0263on\u02c8\u03b8ale\u03b8 \u02c8ma\u027eke\u03b8], born 5 March 1942) is a Spanish lawyer, professor, and politician, who was the Secretary-General of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) from 1974 to 1997, and the 3rd Prime Minister of Spain since the restoration of democracy, from 1982 to 1996. To date, he remains the longest-serving Prime Minister of Spain to be freely elected.\nGonz\u00e1lez joined the PSOE in 1964, when it was banned under the Francoist regime. He obtained a law degree from the University of Seville in 1965. In 1974, the PSOE elected Gonz\u00e1lez as its Secretary-General after a split in its 26th Congress. After Franco's death and the beginning of the Spanish transition to democracy, Gonz\u00e1lez obtained a seat in the Congress of Deputies after he led the PSOE candidacy in the 1977 general election, but lost to Adolfo Su\u00e1rez.\nAfter the PSOE victory in the 1982 general election, Gonz\u00e1lez formed his first majority government, backed by 202 out of the 350 deputies at the Congress of Deputies, and led the Government of Spain for thirteen and a half years after three additional victories in the 1986, 1989 and 1993 general elections. In 1996, Gonz\u00e1lez lost the election to Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Aznar and the People's Party and was elected to the Congress of Deputies for the last time in the 2000 general election, from Seville.", "Q161135": "Ksawery Tartakower (also known as Saviely or Savielly Tartakower in English, less often Xavier Tartacover or Xavier Tartakover; 1887\u20131956) was a leading Austrian, then Polish, and finally French chess grandmaster. He was also a leading chess journalist and author of the 1920s and 1930s whose books remain popular even today. Tartakower is remembered for his sharp wit and aphorisms.", "Q451573": "The Eighth Day (French: Le huiti\u00e8me jour) is a 1996 Belgian comedy-drama film that tells the story of the friendship that develops between two men who meet by chance. Harry (Daniel Auteuil), a divorced businessman who feels alienated from his children, meets Georges (Pascal Duquenne), an institutionalised man with Down syndrome, after Georges has escaped from his mental institution and is nearly run over by Harry. The film was selected as the Belgian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 69th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.The film was written and directed by Jaco Van Dormael. Some scenes in the film appear as dream sequences, often employing magical realism. The music of Luis Mariano (\"Mexico,\" and \"Maman, Tu Es La Plus Belle Du Monde\") is used in these scenes, with actor Laszlo Harmati playing Mariano, who died in 1970. The original music score is from Pierre Van Dormael, Jaco's brother.", "Q460976": "Laura Golarsa (born 27 November 1967) is a former Italian professional tennis player.\nGolarsa was born in Milan and played on the WTA tour from 1985 to 2001. She did not win any senior titles but did reach the quarterfinals of Wimbledon in 1989. Her singles record included victories over such notable players as Zina Garrison and Jana Novotn\u00e1.\n\n", "Q492538": "Bergen auf R\u00fcgen is the capital of the former district of R\u00fcgen in the middle of the island of R\u00fcgen in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since 1 January 2005, Bergen has moreover been the administrative seat of the Amt of Bergen auf R\u00fcgen, which with a population of over 23,000 is Mecklenburg-Vorpommern's most populous Amt.", "Q641914": "Enrico Paoli (January 13, 1908 \u2013 December 15, 2005) was an Italian International chess master.He was born in Trieste, Italy, and learned chess when he was nine years old. He was the winner of international tournaments in Vienna (1951) and Imperia (1959). Paoli won his last Italian Championship at age 60, and organized the famous Reggio Emilia chess tournament. He beat Soviet GM Alexander Kotov with the black pieces in Venice in 1950, but missed receiving the Grandmaster title by only half a point at a tournament in 1969. He was awarded an honorary grandmaster title in 1996 by FIDE.", "Q426923": "Estate violenta (U.S. title: Violent Summer) is a 1959 Italian award-winning black-and-white drama film directed by Valerio Zurlini, depicting a love affair between a prominent Fascist's young draft-dodging son, portrayed by Jean-Louis Trintignant, and a naval officer's widow, older than he, portrayed by Eleonora Rossi Drago. It is set in the Italian seaside resort of Riccione in July 1943, around the time of the dismissal of Benito Mussolini, during the Allied invasion of Sicily in World War II. Estate violenta is Zurlini's second feature film, with which he made his name as a director.", "Q52263": "Bioley-Magnoux is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q7493975": "Shelter Records was a U.S. record label started by Leon Russell and Denny Cordell that operated from 1969 to 1981. The company established offices in both Los Angeles and Tulsa, Russell's home town, where the label sought to promote a \"workshop atmosphere\" with a recording studio in a converted church, adjoining houses for artists working at the studio, and other facilities. The Tulsa recording studio was housed in the historic The Church Studio. Russell remained with Shelter until 1976, when he and Cordell fell out. In a settlement, Cordell then became sole owner of the label, while Russell left to start his own label, Paradise Records.In addition to Russell, the label signed other talents, such as Tulsa Sound artists J. J. Cale, Dwight Twilley Band and the Gap Band, as well as Alan Gerber, Jesse Barish (of Jesse, Wolff and Whings), Don Nix, Freddie King, Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers, Phoebe Snow, Richard Torrance and Eureka, Willis Alan Ramsey, and the Grease Band.Shelter Records also released \"Duppy Conqueror\", the first American single by reggae artist Bob Marley.", "Q168663": "Saadi Yacef (born January 20, 1928) is one of the former leaders of Algeria's National Liberation Front during his country's war of independence. He is currently a Senator in Algeria's Council of the Nation.\nYacef was born in Algiers. The son of parents from the Algerian region of Kabylie, he started his working life as an apprentice baker. In 1945, he joined the Parti du Peuple Alg\u00e9rien, a nationalist party which the French authorities soon outlawed, after which it was reconstituted as the Mouvement pour le Triomphe des Libertes Democratiques (MTLD). From 1947 to 1949, Yacef served in the MTLD's paramilitary wing, the Organisation Secrete. After the OS was broken up, Yacef moved to France and lived there until 1952, when he returned to Algeria to work again as a baker.\nYacef joined the FLN at the start of the Algerian War in 1954. By May 1956, he was the FLN's military chief of the Zone Autonome d'Alger (Autonomous Zone of Algiers), making him one of the leaders on the Algerian side in the Battle of Algiers. He was captured by French troops on September 24, 1957 and eventually sentenced to death. General Paul Aussaresses later asserted that while in custody, Yacef betrayed the FLN and the Algerian cause by providing the French army with the location of Ali la Pointe, another leading FLN commander. Yacef has denied it, and historian Darius Rejali considers the accusation as highly suspect. He was ultimately pardoned by the French government after Charles de Gaulle's 1958 return to power.\nYacef claims to have written his memoirs of the battle in prison although he was illiterate. The writings were published in 1962 as Souvenirs de la Bataille d'Alger. After the Algerian War, Yacef helped produce Italian filmmaker Gillo Pontecorvo's film The Battle of Algiers (1966), based on Souvenirs de la Bataille d'Alger. Yacef played a character modeled on his own experiences in the battle.\n\n", "Q346532": "Wojciech Alojzy \u015awi\u0119tos\u0142awski (1881 \u2013 1968) was a Polish physical chemist, who is considered the \"father of modern thermochemistry\". He developed a static method of cryometric measurement and a new method of testing coal. \u015awi\u0119tos\u0142awski was Vice-Chairman of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and created the foundations for a new branch of physical chemistry: polyazeotropy. In 1933 he became a member of the Temporary Scientific and Advisory Committee\n\n", "Q431293": "Jordan Paul Fry (born June 7, 1993) is an American actor, best known for his roles as Mike Teavee in the 2005 film Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, and its tie-in video game, and as Lewis/Cornelius Robinson in Meet the Robinsons.\n\n", "Q265499": "Myawaddy Mingyi U Sa (Burmese: \u1019\u103c\u101d\u1010\u102e\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1026\u1038\u1005, pronounced [mja\u0330w\u0259d\u00ec m\u026a\u0301\u0270\u0303d\u0291\u00ed \u0294\u00fa sa\u0330]; 28 October 1766 \u2013 6 August 1853) was a Konbaung-era Burmese poet, composer, playwright, general and statesman. In a royal service career that spanned over six decades, the Lord of Myawaddy served under four kings in various capacities, and was a longtime secretary to King Bagyidaw. Multi-talented Sa is best remembered for his innovative contributions to classical Burmese music and drama, as well as for his brilliant military service.\nSa composed many songs in various styles drawn from different traditions, wrote several plays and dramas including translated works from Thai and Javanese dramas, and brought innovations to Burmese theater. He invented the 13-string Burmese harp and introduced marionette plays to the Ava court. Sa was also an able military commander who led King Bodawpaya's annexation of Manipur in 1813. As the commander of Arakan theater under Gen. Maha Bandula in the First Anglo-Burmese War of 1824\u20131826, Sa achieved a few battlefield victories in an otherwise disastrous war for the Burmese.\nAfter the war, he became minister of Army and was given Myawaddy as his fief in 1828. Sa led the Burmese diplomatic efforts to have the British abandon their claims to Kabaw Valley in 1830. He was imprisoned from 1836 to 1839 by King Tharrawaddy, who overthrew Bagyidaw. Sa held no further public office after his release from prison, but continued to write songs and plays for kings Tharrawaddy and Pagan.", "Q129159": "Diether Ocampo (born July 19, 1974) is a Filipino actor, singer, model, and military officer.", "Q130408": "Sophia of Nassau (Sophia Wilhelmine Marianne Henriette,; 9 July 1836 \u2013 30 December 1913), also Sofia, was Queen of Sweden and Norway as the consort of King Oscar II. She was Queen of Sweden for 35 years, longer than anyone before her, and the longest-serving queen until 2011, when she was surpassed by Queen Silvia. She is also the most recent woman to have been officially Dowager Queen of Sweden.", "Q264787": "April Michelle Bowlby (born July 30, 1980) is an American actress and model. She is known for portraying Kandi on the CBS comedy series Two and a Half Men (2006\u20132015), Stacy Barrett on Drop Dead Diva (2009\u20132014) and Rita Farr on Titans (2018) and Doom Patrol (2019\u2013present).", "Q118384": "Hansheiri Inderkum (born 9 June 1947 in Altdorf, Switzerland) is a Swiss politician from the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland (CVP). From 1995 to 2011 he represented the canton of Uri in the Council of States.From 2010 to 2011 Inderkum served as the President of the Council of States.\n\n", "Q218": "Romania ( (listen) ro-MAY-nee-\u0259; Romanian: Rom\u00e2nia [rom\u0268\u02c8ni.a] (listen)) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders with Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, and Moldova to the east and has its opening to the Black sea. It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate. With a total area of 238,397 square kilometres (92,046 square miles), Romania is the 12th-largest country in Europe and the 6th most populous member state of the European Union, having approximately 20 million inhabitants. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest. Other major urban areas include: Cluj-Napoca, Timi\u0219oara, Ia\u0219i, Constan\u021ba, Craiova, Bra\u0219ov, and Gala\u021bi.\nThe River Danube, Europe's second-longest river, rises in Germany's Black Forest and flows in a generally southeasterly direction for 2,857 km (1,775 mi), coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania's Danube Delta. The Carpathian Mountains, which cross Romania from the north to the southwest, include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of 2,544 m (8,346 ft).Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. The new state, officially named Romania since 1866, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877. Following World War I, after declaring its neutrality in 1914, Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers beginning in 1916. Afterwards Bukovina, Bessarabia, Transylvania as well as parts of Banat, Cri\u0219ana, and Maramure\u0219 became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania. In June\u2013August 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union, and Northern Transylvania to Hungary. In November 1940, Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and, consequently, in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side, fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944, when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania. Following the war, under the occupation of the Red Army's forces, Romania became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact. After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began a transition towards democracy and a market economy.\nRomania ranks 52nd in the Human Development Index, and is a developing country. It has the world's 62th largest economy by nominal GDP, with an annual economic growth rate of 3.5% as of 2020. Following rapid economic growth in the early 2000s, Romania has an economy based predominantly on services and is a producer and net exporter of machines and electric energy, featuring companies like Automobile Dacia and OMV Petrom. It has been a member of the United Nations since 1955, part of NATO since 2004, and part of the European Union since 2007. An overwhelming majority of the population identifies as Eastern Orthodox Christian and are native speakers of Romanian, a Romance language.", "Q240631": "The University of Belgrade (Serbian: \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0443 \u0411\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443, romanized: Univerzitet u Beogradu) is a public university in Serbia. It is the oldest and largest university in Serbia, and one of the most important educational and research centers in Europe.\nFounded in 1808 as the Belgrade Higher School in revolutionary Serbia, by 1838 it merged with the Kragujevac-based departments into a single university. The University has around 97,700 enrolled students and over 4,800 members of academic staff. Since its founding, the University has educated more than 378,000 bachelors, around 25,100 magisters, 29,000 specialists and 14,670 doctors. The University comprises 31 faculties, 12 research institutes, the university library, and 9 university centres. The faculties are organized into 4 groups: social sciences and humanities; medical sciences; natural sciences and mathematics; and technological sciences.\nOn the prestigious Shanghai Ranking (ARWU), the University of Belgrade ranks between 401st and 500th place, according to the most recent (2018) global ranking. In 2014, it ranked 151-200, specifically in the areas of mathematics and physics.", "Q579599": "Isaiah Leo \"Si\" Kenen (1905\u20131988) was a Canadian-born American journalist, lawyer and philanthropist. He was the founder of the American Zionist Committee for Public Affairs (AZCPA), the forerunner of the modern American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC).", "Q58028": "Katarina Witt (German pronunciation: [\u02c8kata\u0281i\u02d0na v\u026at]; born 3 December 1965) is a retired German figure skater.\nWitt won two Olympic gold medals for East Germany, first at the 1984 Sarajevo Olympics and the second at the 1988 Calgary Olympics. She is a four-time World Champion (1984, 1985, 1987, 1988) and two-time World silver medalist (1982, 1986). A feat only equalled by Sonja Henie among female skaters, Witt won six consecutive European Championships (1983\u20131988). Between 1984 and 1988, Witt won ten golds from eleven major international events; two Olympics, four out of five World championships and six European championships. Her competitive record makes her one of the most successful figure skaters of all time.\nSince retirement from skating, Witt has worked in film and television.", "Q4757207": "Andrew Halcro (born September 20, 1964) is an American politician from Anchorage, Alaska. Formerly a Republican member of the Alaska House of Representatives, he ran for Governor of Alaska as an independent candidate in the 2006 election, placing third with 9.46 percent of the vote.", "Q219744": "Luis de G\u00f3ngora y Argote (born Luis de Argote y G\u00f3ngora) (Spanish pronunciation: [lwiz \u00f0e \u02c8\u0263o\u014b\u0261o\u027ea]; 11 July 1561 \u2013 24 May 1627) was a Spanish Baroque lyric poet. G\u00f3ngora and his lifelong rival, Francisco de Quevedo, are widely considered the most prominent Spanish poets of all time. His style is characterized by what was called culteranismo, also known as Gongorismo. This style existed in stark contrast to Quevedo's conceptismo.", "Q94350": "Erika Weinzierl (June 6, 1925 \u2013 October 28, 2014) was an Austrian historian, gender researcher, and historian of Nazism. A member of the Austrian People's Party and the Curatorium of the Austrian Mauthausen Committee, she was the second director of the Department of Contemporary History of the University of Vienna, succeeding Ludwig Jedlicka. Weinzierl was a recipient of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art, the Preis der Stadt Wien f\u00fcr Geisteswissenschaften, the Benemerenti medal, and the Theodor K\u00f6rner Prize.", "Q604284": "Jairo Guedz (born as Jairo Guedes Braga November 25, 1968) is a Brazilian guitarist and bassist. He was the lead guitar player of the heavy metal band Sepultura from 1985 to 1987 and was part of the short lived project Guerrilha alongside Igor and Max Cavalera and S\u00edlvio SDN of Mutilator. He also played with The Mist, Overdose, Eminence. He currently plays bass in a Metallica tribute band called Metallica Cover Brazil, and guitar in The Southern Blacklist. Beside being a musician, Guedz designs figurines, runs an atelier and teaches miniature figure painting. He now lives in Belo Horizonte and has two sons, Igor and \u00c9rico Braga.", "Q1456019": "Sergei Lvovich Sedov (1908\u20131937) was Leon Trotsky's younger son by his second wife, Natalia Sedova, an engineer. He was allegedly killed in the Great Purges.\nSedov was a Moscow-based engineer who published works on thermodynamics and diesel engines. He became a professor at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology while still in his twenties.Unlike his parents and his older brother Lev Sedov, Sergei Sedov was not active in politics. Nevertheless, he was caught up in the Great Purges as Trotsky's son. He was arrested in Moscow in early 1935 and sentenced to 5 years in exile in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, in August 1935. After unsuccessfully searching for work in Krasnoyarsk (his letters to his wife from this period are in the Hoover Archives), he was re-arrested in 1936 and sent to a labor camp. More recently, Robert Service in Trotsky: A Biography, asserts that as an engineer Sergei did find work in a gold mine in Krasnoyarsk.\nSedov was killed in the next round of Stalin's purges in 1937, although the exact details of his death are unknown. The Soviet secret police, NKVD, announced in early 1937 that Sedov had been charged with trying to poison factory workers and the date of his final death sentence is believed to be October 29, 1937, but there have also been unconfirmed reports that he died in a prison uprising. His wife and her relatives were also arrested and spent years in exile and prisons.", "Q56005": "Sir Ridley Scott (born 30 November 1937) is an English filmmaker. Following his commercial breakthrough in 1979 with the science fiction horror film Alien, further works include the neo-noir dystopian film Blade Runner, the road adventure film Thelma & Louise, the historical drama Gladiator (which won the Academy Award for Best Picture) and the science fiction film The Martian.\nBeginning his career in advertising where he honed his filmmaking skills by making inventive mini-films for television commercials, Scott's work is known for its atmospheric, highly concentrated visual style. Though his films range widely in setting and period, they frequently showcase memorable imagery of urban environments, whether 2nd-century Rome (Gladiator), 12th-century Jerusalem (Kingdom of Heaven), Medieval England (Robin Hood), contemporary Mogadishu (Black Hawk Down), the future cityscapes of Blade Runner, or the distant planets in Alien, Prometheus, The Martian and Alien: Covenant. Several of his films are also known for their strong female characters.Scott has been nominated for three Academy Awards for Directing (for Thelma & Louise, Gladiator and Black Hawk Down). In 1995, both Ridley and his brother Tony received a BAFTA for Outstanding British Contribution To Cinema. In 2003, Scott was knighted for his \"services to the British film industry\". In a 2004 BBC poll, Scott was named the tenth most influential person in British culture. In 2015, he received an honorary doctorate from the Royal College of Art in London, and in 2018 received the BAFTA Fellowship for lifetime achievement.", "Q1065624": "Kazumasa Oda (\u5c0f\u7530 \u548c\u6b63, Oda Kazumasa, born September 20, 1947) is a Japanese singer-songwriter, and composer. He was the leader of folk rock band Off Course from 1969 to 1989, and has done solo work since 1985.\nAs the vocalist of Off Course, Oda wrote many Japanese standard numbers in the 70s and 80s. The group's most successful singles\u2014\"Sayonara\" (1979), \"Yes-No\" (1980), and \"Kimi ga Uso o Tsuita\" (1984)\u2014were written by Oda.\nIn 1985 he began work as a solo musician. He produced many hit singles as singer-songwriter, such as \"Little Tokyo\" (1989), \"Itsuka Dokokade\" (1992), \"Tsutaetai Koto ga Arunda\" (1997) and \"Kirakira\" (2002). His most successful single was \"Love Story wa Totsuzen ni\" (1991), the theme song of a Japanese TV drama called Tokyo Love Story. It sold over 2,580,000 copies and became the ninth best-selling single in Japan.", "Q246240": "Impact is a 1949 American film noir drama film directed by Arthur Lubin, starring Brian Donlevy and Ella Raines. Filmed entirely in California, the film included scenes filmed in Sausalito, and at San Francisco's Fisherman's Wharf and other locations around the city. Impact was based on a story by film noir writer Jay Dratler. The supporting cast features Charles Coburn, Helen Walker, Anna May Wong, Philip Ahn and William Wright.\n\n", "Q2201": "Kick-Ass is a 2010 superhero film based on the comic book of the same name by Mark Millar and John Romita, Jr. which was published by Marvel Comics. The film was directed by Matthew Vaughn, who produced with Brad Pitt and co-wrote the screenplay with Jane Goldman. The film was produced in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was the opening gala premiere at SXSW 2010. Its general release was on 25 March 2010 in the United Kingdom and on 16 April 2010 in the United States. It is the first installment of the Kick-Ass film series.\nIt tells the story of an ordinary teenager, Dave Lizewski (Aaron Johnson), who sets out to become a real-life superhero, calling himself \"Kick-Ass\". Dave gets caught up in a bigger fight when he meets Big Daddy (Nicolas Cage), a former cop who, in his quest to bring down the crime boss Frank D'Amico (Mark Strong) and his son Red Mist (Christopher Mintz-Plasse), has trained his eleven-year-old daughter (Chlo\u00eb Grace Moretz) to be the ruthless vigilante Hit-Girl.\nDespite having generated some controversy for its profanity and violence performed by a child, Kick-Ass was well received by both critics and audiences. In 2011 it won the Empire Award for Best British Film. The film has gained a strong cult following since its release on DVD and Blu-ray. A sequel, written and directed by Jeff Wadlow and produced by Vaughn, was released in August 2013, with Johnson, Mintz-Plasse, and Moretz reprising their roles. In 2018, Vaughn announced his intentions to open up Marv Studios and reboot the series.\n\n", "Q92721": "Christof Ebert (born 1964 in Stuttgart) is a German computer scientist and entrepreneur.\n\nHe studied electrical engineering and computer sciences from 1984 to 1990 at the University of Stuttgart and Kansas State University. In 1994, he received his Ph.D. at the University of Stuttgart on complexity control during the product life-cycle. From 1994-2007, he worked at Alcatel: first in Stuttgart, then, in 1996, in Antwerp, and, as of 2001, in Paris. As director of engineering, he had global responsibility for software platforms and technology. Recognizing his contributions in productivity improvement, systems engineering, and product lifecycle management, he was named member of Alcatel's technical academy. In 2007, he founded Vector Consulting Services, where he is managing director and partner.\nChristof is a adjunct professor at the University of Stuttgart and has authored several books and over 150 scientific publications. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Software and the Journal of Systems and Software and is chair of the conference series IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE). Being a IEEE Distinguished Visitor, he is working on requirements engineering, product management and software engineering.", "Q208649": "Paul Edward Valentine Giamatti (; born June 6, 1967) is an American actor and producer. He first garnered attention for his breakout role in Private Parts (1997) as Kenny \"Pig Vomit\" Rushton, which led to him playing more supporting roles such as Sergeant Hill in Saving Private Ryan (1998), Bob Zmuda in Man on the Moon (1999), John Maxwell in Big Momma's House (2000), and Marty Wolf in Big Fat Liar (2002).\nHe won acclaim for his leading roles as Harvey Pekar in American Splendor (2003), Miles Raymond in Sideways (2004) and Mike Flaherty in Win Win (2011) while continuing to play supporting roles, like Joe Gould in Cinderella Man (2005), which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, Chief Inspector Uhl in The Illusionist (2006), Karl Hertz in Shoot 'Em Up (2007), Nicholas \"Nick\" Claus in Fred Claus (2007), Tom Duffy in The Ides of March (2011), Theophilus Freeman in 12 Years a Slave (2013), Ralph in Saving Mr. Banks (2013), Eugene Landy in Love & Mercy (2014), Dr. Lawrence Hayes in San Andreas (2015) and Jerry Heller in Straight Outta Compton (2015).\nHe played the titular character in the HBO miniseries John Adams (2008), which earned him a Golden Globe Award, a Primetime Emmy Award and Screen Actors Guild Award. He stars as U.S. Attorney Chuck Rhoades Jr. in the Showtime television series Billions (2016\u2013present).", "Q2567": "Richard Karl Freiherr von Weizs\u00e4cker (German: [\u02c8\u0281\u026a\u00e7a\u0250\u032ft f\u0254n \u02c8va\u026atsz\u025bk\u0250] (listen); 15 April 1920 \u2013 31 January 2015) was a German politician (CDU), who served as President of Germany from 1984 to 1994 (of West Germany 1984\u20131990 and of the reunited Germany 1990\u20131994). Born into the Weizs\u00e4cker family, who were part of the German nobility, he took his first public offices in the Evangelical Church in Germany.\nA member of the CDU since 1954, he was elected as member of parliament in 1969. He continued to hold a mandate as member of the Bundestag until he became Governing Mayor of West Berlin, following the 1981 state elections. In 1984, Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker was elected as President of the Federal Republic of Germany and in 1989 he was re-elected for a second term. As yet, he is, together with Theodor Heuss, one of only two Presidents of the Federal Republic of Germany, who have served two complete five-year-terms. During his second term as President on 3 October 1990, the reorganized five states of the former German Democratic Republic and East Berlin joined the Federal Republic of Germany (German reunification), which made von Weizs\u00e4cker the first democratically legitimized head of state of Germany as a whole since Reich President Paul von Hindenburg had died in office on 2 August 1934.\nHe is considered the most popular of Germany's presidents, held in high regard particularly for his impartiality. His demeanor often saw him at odds with his party colleagues, particularly longtime Chancellor Helmut Kohl. He was famous for his speeches, especially one he delivered at the 40th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe on 8 May 1985. Upon his death, his life and political work were widely praised, with The New York Times calling him \"a guardian of his nation's moral conscience\".", "Q531287": "Peter Alexander Makkay (born 30 August 1949 in Bra\u0219ov, Romania), better known as Peter Maffay, is a Romanian-born German musician.", "Q31920": "Swimming is an individual or team racing sport that requires the use of one's entire body to move through water. The sport takes place in pools or open water (e.g., in a sea or lake). Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports, with varied distance events in butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle, and individual medley. In addition to these individual events, four swimmers can take part in either a freestyle or medley relay. A medley relay consists of four swimmers who will each swim a different stroke, ordered as backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle.Swimming each stroke requires a set of specific techniques; in competition, there are distinct regulations concerning the acceptable form for each individual stroke. There are also regulations on what types of swimsuits, caps, jewelry and injury tape that are allowed at competitions. Although it is possible for competitive swimmers to incur several injuries from the sport, such as tendinitis in the shoulders or knees, there are also multiple health benefits associated with the sport.", "Q282202": "Michael Fedderson (December 7, 1940 \u2013 January 28, 2016), known as Mike Minor, was an American actor probably best known for his role as Steve Elliott on Petticoat Junction (1966\u20131970).", "Q3126164": "Herbert Halliwell Hobbes (16 November 1877 \u2013 20 February 1962) was an English actor.", "Q5208": "Huang Xianfan (zhuang: Vangz Yenfanh; simplified Chinese: \u9ec4\u73b0\u74a0; traditional Chinese: \u9ec4\u73fe\u74a0; pinyin: Hu\u00e1ng Xi\u00e0nf\u00e1n; Wade\u2013Giles: Hu\u00e1ng Hsi\u00e8nf\u00e1n) (November 13, 1899 \u2013 January 18, 1982) was a Zhuang Chinese historian, ethnologist and educator.He was the first college graduate of Zhuang ethnicity and trained at Peking National University under leading historians and linguists in the 1920s. Huang was the first writer of a general history of the Zhuang nationality, but also a major advocate of the theory that there was no slavery society in the history of the Zhuang, and there was no slave society as a stage of social development in Chinese history.The General History of the Zhuang is the first research book on the history of Zhuang nationality and The \"Bagui School\" he created is the first school of ethnic studies in China.Huang is considered one of the founders of modern Chinese ethnology.\n\n", "Q66878": "Wilhelm Bauer (23 December 1822 \u2013 20 June 1875) was a Bavarian inventor and engineer who built several hand-powered submarines.", "Q40101": "Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin ibni Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien II was the 25th Sultan of Brunei from 30 May 1885 to 10 May 1906. Before he became the Sultan, he was one of the four Wazirs in Brunei and was known as Pengiran Temenggong Sahibul Bahar Pengiran Anak Hashim. He had acted as regent when Sultan Abdul Momin became old. At that time also, his elder brother, Pengiran Pemancha Pengiran Anak Muhammad Salleh had died.", "Q240157": "Julie Marion Depardieu (born 18 June 1973) is a French actress who has appeared in a number of successful films.", "Q19074": "Samuel Phillips Huntington (April 18, 1927 \u2013 December 24, 2008) was an American political scientist, adviser and academic. He spent more than half a century at Harvard University, where he was director of Harvard's Center for International Affairs and the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor.\nDuring the presidency of Jimmy Carter, Huntington was the White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council. During the 1980s Apartheid era in South Africa, he served as an adviser to P. W. Botha's Security Services.\nHe is best known for his 1993 theory, the \"Clash of Civilizations\", of a post\u2013Cold War new world order. He argued that future wars would be fought not between countries, but between cultures, and that Islamic extremism would become the biggest threat to world peace. Huntington is credited with helping to shape U.S. views on civilian\u2013military relations, political development, and comparative government even into the current Trump administration. According to the Open Syllabus Project, Huntington is the second most frequently cited author on college syllabi for political science courses.", "Q165421": "Jacqueline Lee Kennedy Onassis (n\u00e9e Bouvier BOO-VEE-AY; July 28, 1929 \u2013 May 19, 1994) was First Lady of the United States during the presidency of John F. Kennedy and was regarded as an international icon of style and culture.\nBouvier was born in 1929 in Southampton, New York, to Wall Street stockbroker John Vernou Bouvier III and his wife, Janet Lee Bouvier. In 1951, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in French literature from George Washington University and went on to work for the Washington Times-Herald as an inquiring photographer.In 1952, Bouvier met then-Congressman John Kennedy at a dinner party in Washington. Kennedy was elected to the Senate that same year, and the couple married on September 12, 1953, in Newport, Rhode Island. They had four children, two of whom died in infancy. Following her husband's election to the presidency in 1960, Jacqueline was known for her highly publicized restoration of the White House and emphasis on arts and culture, as well as for her style, elegance, and grace. At age 31, she was the third youngest First Lady when her husband was inaugurated President.\nOn November 22, 1963, Jacqueline was riding with her husband in a presidential motorcade in Dallas, Texas, when he was assassinated. Following his funeral, she and her children largely withdrew from public view. In 1968, she married Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis. Following Onassis's death in 1975, she had a career as a book editor in New York City. She died on May 19, 1994, of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, aged 64.\nDuring her lifetime, Jacqueline Kennedy was regarded as an international fashion icon. Her famous ensemble of a pink Chanel suit and matching pillbox hat that she wore in Dallas has become a symbol of her husband's assassination.Even after her death, she ranks as one of the most popular and recognizable First Ladies, and in 1999 she was listed as one of Gallup's Most-Admired Men and Women of the 20th century.", "Q595257": "Kathryn Adie (born 19 September 1945), known as Kate Adie (), is an English journalist. She was Chief News Correspondent for BBC News between 1989 and 2003, during which time she reported from war zones around the world. \nShe retired from the BBC in early 2003 and worked as a freelance presenter with From Our Own Correspondent on BBC Radio 4 until 2012.", "Q491743": "Dinkelsb\u00fchl is a historic town in Central Franconia, a region of Germany that is now part of the state of Bavaria, in southern Germany. Dinkelsb\u00fchl is a former free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. In local government terms, Dinkelsb\u00fchl lies near the western edge of the Landkreis (or local government district) of district of Ansbach, north of Aalen.\nDinkelsb\u00fchl lies on the northern part of the Romantic Road, and is one of three particularly striking historic towns on the northern part of the route, the others being Rothenburg ob der Tauber and N\u00f6rdlingen.\nThe town lies on the southern edge of the Franconian Heights and on the River W\u00f6rnitz, which rises in the town of Schillingsf\u00fcrst. The population in 2013 was 11,315", "Q112871": "Helmut Krausser (11 July 1964) is a German author, poet, playwright, composer and professional chess player who was born in Esslingen.", "Q7019111": "Social work is an academic discipline and profession that concerns itself with individuals, families, groups, and communities in an effort to enhance social functioning and overall well-being. Social functioning is the way in which people perform their social roles, and the structural institutions that are provided to sustain them. Social work applies social sciences, such as sociology, psychology, political science, public health, community development, law, and economics, to engage with client systems, conduct assessments, and develop interventions to solve social and personal problems; and to bring about social change. Social work practice is often divided into micro-work, which involves working directly with individuals or small groups; and macro-work, which involves working with communities, and - within social policy - fostering change on a larger scale.The social work industry\ndeveloped in the 19th century, with some of its roots in voluntary philanthropy and in grassroots organizing. However, responses to social needs had existed long before then, primarily from private charities and from religious organizations. The effects of the Industrial Revolution and of the Great Depression of the 1930s placed pressure on social work to become a more defined discipline.", "Q1870325": "Lorin Hollander (born July 19, 1944) is an American classical concert pianist. He has performed with virtually all of the major symphony orchestras in the United States and many around the world. A New York Times critic called him in 1964 \"the leading pianist of his generation.\"\n\n", "Q1077546": "Christopher Edward Medina (born November 30, 1983) is an American-Norwegian singer born in Chicago, Illinois. In late 2010 he auditioned for American Idol making it to the top 40 before being eliminated. He is most famous for his hit \"What Are Words\", which reached number 1 in Sweden and Norway; it also charted in Denmark and made it to number 83 on Billboard Hot 100.", "Q280415": "Alphonsus Celestine Edmund Cassell MBE (16 November 1949 \u2013 15 September 2010) was a Montserratian calypso and soca musician, regarded as the first superstar of soca from Montserrat. He performed under the stage name Arrow.", "Q1135007": "Hajime Tsutsui (\u7b52\u4e95 \u306f\u3058\u3081, Tsutsui Hajime) (born on December 7, 1970, in Tokyo) is a Japanese artist and designer. Currently, he works as a fashion designer for the design firms Tsusuihajime\u00d7Hyouzaemon, Tsutsui Hajime\u00d7L'Homos, and Ninita.\n\n", "Q555715": "Mo\u00efse Rahmani (August 29, 1944 \u2013 September 18, 2016) was a Belgian Sephardic author, editor, and publisher of Los Muestros (Ladino-French-English language) magazine.", "Q151784": "To Live, also titled Lifetimes in some English versions, is a Chinese drama film directed by Zhang Yimou in 1994, starring Ge You, Gong Li, and produced by the Shanghai Film Studio and ERA International. It is based on the novel of the same name by Yu Hua. Having achieved international success with his previous films (Ju Dou and Raise the Red Lantern), director Zhang Yimou's To Live came with high expectations. It is the first Chinese film that had its foreign distribution rights pre-sold.The film was denied a theatrical release in mainland China by the Chinese State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television due to its critical portrayal of various policies and campaigns of the Communist government.\nTo Live was screened at the 1994 New York Film Festival before eventually receiving a limited release in the United States on November 18, 1994. The film has been used in the United States as a support to teach Chinese history in high schools and colleges.", "Q3497982": "Stefano Pessina (born June 4, 1941) is an Italian-Monegasque billionaire businessman and the vice chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and the largest single shareholder of Walgreens Boots Alliance.", "Q1686082": "Jeb Loy Nichols is a Wales-based American-born singer, songwriter, musician, and artist. His music combines elements of soul, country, folk, reggae and blues.", "Q43408": "A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas is a 2011 American 3D stoner comedy film directed by Todd Strauss-Schulson, written by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg, and starring John Cho, Kal Penn and Neil Patrick Harris. It is a sequel to the 2008 film Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay and the third installment of the Harold & Kumar series. The plot follows Harold (Cho) and Kumar (Penn) as they embark on an adventure to find a new Christmas tree after Kumar accidentally destroys the original.\nProduced by New Line Cinema, the film was released on November 4, 2011 by Warner Bros. and received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $36 million worldwide.", "Q54174": "Woburn ( WOO-b\u0259rn) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 38,120 at the 2010 census. Woburn is located 9 miles (14 km) north of Boston, Massachusetts.", "Q12121": "The canton of Lucerne (German: Kanton Luzern) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the centre of Switzerland. The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2018) is 409,557. As of 2007, the population included 57,268 foreigners, or about 15.8% of the total population. The cantonal capital is Lucerne.", "Q6701": "Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm (4 January 1785 \u2013 20 September 1863), also known as Ludwig Karl, was a German philologist, jurist, and mythologist. He is known as the discoverer of Grimm's law of linguistics, the co-author of the monumental Deutsches W\u00f6rterbuch, the author of Deutsche Mythologie, and the editor of Grimm's Fairy Tales. He was the elder of the Brothers Grimm.", "Q96221": "Heinrich Ehrhardt (17 November 1840 in Zella St. Blasius \u2013 20 November 1928 in Zella-Mehlis) was a German inventor, industrialist and entrepreneur.", "Q544618": "Angus Scrimm (born Lawrence Rory Guy; August 19, 1926 \u2013 January 9, 2016) was an American actor, author, and journalist, best known for his portrayal of the Tall Man in the 1979 horror film Phantasm and its sequels.", "Q42716": "Saint-\u00c9tienne (French: [s\u025b\u0303t\u203fetj\u025bn]; Arpitan: Sant-Eti\u00e8ve; English: Saint Stephen) is a city in eastern central France, in the Massif Central, 55 km (34 mi) southwest of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes region, on the trunk road that connects Toulouse with Lyon. Saint-\u00c9tienne is the capital of the Loire department and has a population of approximately 172,023 (2013) in the city itself and over 508,000 in the metropolitan area (2011).\nIn the last years Saint-\u00c9tienne made important transformations for transitioning from a 19th-century industrial city to the 21st century \"European capital of design\". This approach led to important urban renovations of the main districts of the city.\n\n", "Q382570": "Jaime Roos (born November 12, 1953, in Montevideo) is an Uruguayan singer, composer and record producer. In 2000, he won a Silver Condor Award for Best Score Musician in El Amateur. He has French blood from his father's side. His grandfather migrated from Germany at the end of 19th century.\nThe drums that go through the Barrio Sur, what the radio broadcasts, the music from the 'tablados' in the carnaval, the Beatles and rock have been some of the influences that he had to create a music with personality and his own signature, that came along with the success that he has in his own country and is extending to an international level. These features make him one of the most popular Uruguayan singers, with great record sales and the tickets to his shows sold out.\nHe lived when he was a kid in a small apartment in the Convenci\u00f3n street, meters away from Durazno, corner that he immortalized in one of his most famous songs \"Durazno y Convenci\u00f3n\". His music mixed rock, candombe, milonga, tango and murga, performing the sound of Montevideo. He is a famous supporter of Defensor Sporting, to whose first championship he dedicated one of his most famous songs, \"Cometa de La Farola\". Among his famous songs are \"Brindis por Pierrot\", \"Am\u00e1ndote\" and \"Si me voy antes que vos\".\n\n", "Q310012": "William Fox (born 19 May 1939), known professionally as James Fox, is an English actor, from a well-known acting family. He appeared in several notable films of the 1960s and early 1970s, including King Rat, The Servant, Thoroughly Modern Millie and Performance, before quitting the screen for several years to be an evangelical Christian. He has since appeared in a wide range of film and TV productions.", "Q734353": "John Batman (21 January 1801 \u2013 6 May 1839) was an Australian grazier, entrepreneur and explorer. He settled in the north-east of the Van Diemen's Land Colony in the 1820s, and later as a leading member of the Port Phillip Association he led an expedition which explored the Port Phillip Bay area on the Australian mainland with a view to establishing a new settlement there. He is best known for his role in the founding of the settlement on the Yarra River which became the city of Melbourne, eventual capital of the new Colony of Victoria, and one of Australia's largest and most important cities.\nBatman is a controversial figure due to his dealings with Aboriginal peoples in Van Diemen's Land and Victoria. The artist John Glover, Batman's neighbour in Van Diemen's Land said Batman was \"a rogue, thief, cheat and liar, a murderer of blacks and the vilest man I have ever known\".The treaty Batman negotiated with local Aboriginal peoples in 1835, to acquire land in the Port Phillip area, was a matter of controversy in his day, and has remained an event of great historical interest and debate.\nBatman offered tools, blankets and food in exchange for thousands of hectares of land stretching from Melbourne to Geelong, but the colonial government in New South Wales did not acknowledge the treaty. Although his proposed transaction was exploitative, Batman's treaty stands as the only attempt by a European to engage Australian Aboriginal people in a treaty or transaction rather than simply claiming land outright.", "Q14550": "Escholzmatt-Marbach is a municipality in the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Escholzmatt and Marbach merged to form the new municipality of Escholzmatt-Marbach.", "Q262490": "Kathleen Marie Ireland (born March 20, 1963) is an American model and actress turned author and entrepreneur. Ireland was a supermodel in the 1980s and 1990s, best known for appearing in 13 consecutive Sports Illustrated swimsuit issues. In 1993, she founded a brand marketing company, kathy ireland Worldwide (kiWW), which has made her one of the wealthiest former models in the world. As a result of her career as a businesswoman, she had made a $420 million personal fortune by 2015. In 2012, $2 billion worth of products bearing her company's brand were sold.She has remained involved with various charities and non-profit organizations dedicated to education, emergency response and training for children, disease research and management, and HIV/AIDS.\n\n", "Q2839513": "Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Incorporated (\u0391\u03a6\u0391) is the first historically African American intercollegiate Greek-lettered fraternity. It was initially a literary and social studies club organized in the 1905\u20131906 school year at Cornell University but later evolved into a fraternity with a founding date of December 4, 1906, at Cornell. It employs an icon from Ancient Egypt, the Great Sphinx of Giza, as its symbol. Its aims are \"Manly Deeds, Scholarship, and Love For All Mankind,\" and its motto is \"First of All, Servants of All, We Shall Transcend All.\" Its archives are preserved at the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center.\nChapters were chartered at Howard University and Virginia Union University in 1907. The fraternity has over 290,000 members and has been open to men of all races since 1945. Currently, there are more than 730 active chapters in the Americas, Africa, Europe, the Caribbean, and Asia. It is the largest predominately African-American intercollegiate fraternity and one of the ten largest intercollegiate fraternities in the nation.Alpha Phi Alpha is a social organization with a service organization mission and provided leadership and service during the Great Depression, World Wars, and Civil Rights Movement. The fraternity addresses social issues such as apartheid, AIDS, urban housing, and other economic, cultural, and political issues of interest to people of color. National programs and initiatives of the fraternity include A Voteless People Is a Hopeless People, My Brother's Keeper, Go To High School, Go To College, Project Alpha, and the World Policy Council. It also conducts philanthropic programming initiatives with the March of Dimes, Head Start, the Boy Scouts of America, and Big Brothers Big Sisters of America.\nMembers of this fraternity include many historical civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr., NAACP founder W. E. B. Du Bois, John Mack (civic leader) and Dick Gregory. Other world renowned-members include political activist Cornel West, musicians Duke Ellington and Lionel Richie, NBA legend Walt Frazier, Jamaican Prime Minister Norman Manley, Olympic gold medalist Jesse Owens, Justice Thurgood Marshall, Investor and founder of Vista Equity Partners Robert F. Smith, United Nations Ambassador Andrew Young, Academy Award-winning director Barry Jenkins, six time MTV Video Music Awards - winning director/choreographer Frank Gatson Jr., hero of the Nashville Waffle House shooting, James Shaw Jr., and ESPN sportscasters Stuart Scott, Stan Verrett and Jay Harris.\nAlpha Phi Alpha was directly responsible for the conception, funding, and construction of the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial next to the National Mall in Washington D.C.", "Q167236": "Frederick Henry (Dutch: Frederik Hendrik; 29 January 1584 \u2013 14 March 1647) was the sovereign prince of Orange and stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from 1625 until his death in 1647. The last seven years of his life he also was the stadtholder of Groningen (1640-1647). \nAs the leading soldier in the Dutch wars against Spain, his main achievement was the successful Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch in 1629. It was the main Spanish base and a well-fortified city protected by an experienced Spanish garrison and by formidable water defenses. His strategy was the successful neutralization of the threat of inundation of the area around 's-Hertogenbosch and his capture of the Spanish storehouse at Wesel.", "Q3578589": "An environmentalist is a person who is concerned with and/or advocates for the protection of the environment. An environmentalist can be considered a supporter of the goals of the environmental movement, \"a political and ethical movement that seeks to improve and protect the quality of the natural environment through changes to environmentally harmful human activities\". An environmentalist is engaged in or believes in the philosophy of environmentalism.\nEnvironmentalists are sometimes referred to using informal or derogatory terms such as \"greenie\" and \"tree-hugger\".", "Q66688": "Bolken is a municipality in the district of Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q303720": "Khaled Mohamed El Nabawy (Arabic: \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u200e; born September 12, 1966) is an Egyptian actor who played roles in film, theater and television.\nHe was born in Mansoura, Egypt, and was introduced to cinema by the director Youssef Chahine in 1994, in his film Al Mohager. El Nabawy was awarded the All African Film Award for best actor for his role in this film, and also won the Horus Award for best supporting actor for Al Maseer, from Cairo National Festival for Egyptian Cinema. El Nabawy attended the Institute of Performing Arts. He lives in Cairo, Egypt. His roles in Hollywood include Mullah, the first advisor to Saladin, portrayed by Ghassan Massoud in the blockbuster film Kingdom of Heaven. He also played the role of Hamed, an Iraqi scientist in the film Fair Game.\nEl Nabawy was a high profile supporter of the 2011 Egyptian revolution both in the media and also, at times, personally protesting the streets.", "Q5220": "Tibors de Sarenom (French Tiburge; c. 1130 \u2013 aft. 1198) is the earliest attestable trobairitz, active during the classical period of medieval Occitan literature at the height of the popularity of the troubadours.", "Q59478": "George Gamow (March 4, 1904 \u2013 August 19, 1968), born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov, was a Soviet-American theoretical physicist and cosmologist. He was an early advocate and developer of Lema\u00eetre's Big Bang theory. He discovered a theoretical explanation of alpha decay by quantum tunneling, invented the liquid drop model and the first mathematical model of the atomic nucleus, and worked on radioactive decay, star formation, stellar nucleosynthesis and Big Bang nucleosynthesis (which he collectively called nucleocosmogenesis), and molecular genetics.\nIn his middle and late career, Gamow directed much of his attention to teaching and wrote popular books on science, including One Two Three... Infinity and the Mr Tompkins series of books (1939\u20131967). Some of his books are still in print more than a half-century after their original publication.", "Q355566": "Jacob Lawrence (September 7, 1917 \u2013 June 9, 2000) was an American painter known for his portrayal of African-American life. As well as a painter, storyteller, and interpreter, he was an educator. Lawrence referred to his style as \"dynamic cubism\", though by his own account the primary influence was not so much French art as the shapes and colors of Harlem. He brought the African-American experience to life using blacks and browns juxtaposed with vivid colors. He also taught and spent 16 years as a professor at the University of Washington.Lawrence is among the best-known 20th-century African-American painters. He was 23 years old when he gained national recognition with his 60-panel Migration Series, painted on cardboard. The series depicted the Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North. A part of this series was featured in a 1941 issue of Fortune. The collection is now held by two museums: the odd-numbered paintings are on exhibit in the Phillips Collection in Washington, D.C., and the even-numbered are on display at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York. Lawrence's works are in the permanent collections of numerous museums, including the Philadelphia Museum of Art, MoMA, the Whitney Museum, the Phillips Collection, Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Brooklyn Museum, Reynolda House Museum of American Art, and the Museum of Northwest Art. He is widely known for his modernist illustrations of everyday life as well as epic narratives of African-American history and historical figures.", "Q3889": "Maputo (Portuguese pronunciation: [m\u0250\u02c8putu]), officially named Louren\u00e7o Marques until 1976, is the capital and most populous city of Mozambique. The city is named after chief Maputsu I of the Tembe clan, a subgroup of Tsonga people. Located near the southern end of the country, it is positioned within 120 km (75 miles) of the Eswatini and South Africa borders. The city has a population of 1,088,449 (as of 2017) distributed over a land area of 347,69 km2 (134 sq mi). The Maputo metropolitan area includes the neighbouring city of Matola, and has a total population of 2,717,437. Maputo is a port city, with an economy centered on commerce. It is also noted for its vibrant cultural scene and distinctive, eclectic architecture.Maputo is situated on a large natural bay on the Indian Ocean, near where the rivers Tembe, Mbuluzi, Matola and Infulene converge. The city consists of seven administrative divisions, which are each subdivided into quarters or bairros. The city is surrounded by Maputo Province, but is administered as a self-contained, separate province since 1998. Maputo City is the geographically smallest and most densely populated province in Mozambique. Maputo is a cosmopolitan city, with Bantu, Tsonga languages being more common, Portuguese, and, to a lesser extent, Arabic, Indian, and Chinese languages and cultures present.\nThe area on which Maputo stands was first settled as a fishing village by ancient Tsonga people. It was soon named Louren\u00e7o Marques, after the navigator of the same name who first explored the area in 1544. The modern city traces its origins to a Portuguese fort established on the site in 1781. A town grew around the fort starting around 1850, and in 1877 it was elevated to city status. In 1898, the colony of Portuguese Mozambique relocated its capital there. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Louren\u00e7o Marques grew both in population and economic development as a port city. Upon Mozambican independence in 1975, the city became the national capital and was renamed Maputo. During the Mozambican Civil War, the city's economy was devastated. When the war ended, the FRELIMO government launched a program to revive the city's economy, and to clean up the city by forcibly removing criminals, squatters, and undocumented residents. Since then, Maputo's economy has recovered and stability has returned, though crime remains a problem.Maputo has a number of landmarks, including Independence Square, City Hall, Maputo Fortress, the central market, Tunduru Gardens, and Maputo Railway Station. Maputo is known as an aesthetically attractive, if dilapidated, city. With wide avenues lined by jacaranda and acacia trees, it has earned the nicknames City of Acacias and the Pearl of the Indian Ocean. The city is known for its distinct, eclectic architecture, with Portuguese colonial Neoclassical and Manueline styles alongside modern Art Deco, Bauhaus, and Brutalist buildings. The historic Baixa de Maputo district is the downtown area. Maputo has a vibrant cultural scene, with many restaurants, music and performance venues, and local film industry. Maputo's economy is centered around its port, through which much of Mozambique's imports and exports are shipped. The chief exports include cotton, sugar, chromite, sisal, copra, and hardwood. In addition to trade, the city has robust manufacturing and service sectors. Several colleges and universities are located in Maputo, including Pedagogical University, S\u00e3o Tom\u00e1s University, Catholic University of Mozambique, and Eduardo Mondlane University, the oldest in the country.", "Q313533": "William 'Strata' Smith (23 March 1769 \u2013 28 August 1839) was an English geologist, credited with creating the first detailed, nationwide geological map of any country. At the time his map was first published he was overlooked by the scientific community; his relatively humble education and family connections prevented him from mixing easily in learned society. Financially ruined, Smith spent time in debtors' prison. It was only late in his life that Smith received recognition for his accomplishments, and became known as the \"Father of English Geology\".", "Q343304": "Gilbert J. \"Gilby\" Clarke (born August 17, 1962) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. He had a 3-year tenure as the rhythm guitarist of Guns N' Roses, replacing Izzy Stradlin in 1991 during the Use Your Illusion Tour. Following this, Clarke went on to forge a solo career as well playing guitar with Slash's Snakepit, Kat Men, Heart, Nancy Sinatra, Kathy Valentine (of the Go-Go's), MC5 and forming his own group Rock Star Supernova with members of Metallica and M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce.\nClarke's production work includes albums by L.A. Guns, Bullets and Octane, The Bronx and Vains of Jenna.", "Q3128161": "Hassan Kamel Al-Sabbah (August 16, 1894 \u2013 March 31, 1935) was a Lebanese electrical and electronics research engineer, mathematician and inventor. He was born in Nabatieh, Lebanon. He studied at the American University of Beirut. He taught mathematics at Imperial College of Damascus, Syria, and at the American University of Beirut. He died in an automobile accident at Lewis near Elizabeth Town, New York. He was the nephew of linguist and writer Sheikh Ahmad Rida.\nIn 1921, he travelled to the United States and for a short time studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology before joining the University of Illinois in 1923. He entered the vacuum tube section of the Engineering Laboratory of the General Electric Company at Schenectady, New York. in 1923 where he was engaged in mathematical and experimental research, principally on rectifiers and inverters and he received 43 patents covering his work. Among the patents were reported innovations in television transmission.", "Q83162": "The African National Congress (ANC) is the Republic of South Africa's governing political party. It has been the ruling party of post-apartheid South Africa since the election of Nelson Mandela in the 1994 election, winning every election since then. Cyril Ramaphosa, the incumbent President of South Africa, has served as leader of the ANC since 18 December 2017.Founded on 8 January 1912 by John Langalibalele Dube in Bloemfontein as the South African Native National Congress (SANNC), its primary mission was to bring all Africans together as one people, to defend their rights and freedoms. This included giving full voting rights to black South Africans and mixed-race South Africans and, from 1948 onwards, to end the system of apartheid introduced by the Nationalist Party government after their election (by White voters only) in that year.The ANC originally attempted to use non-violent protests to end apartheid; however, the Sharpeville massacre in March 1960, in which 69 black Africans were shot and killed by police and hundreds wounded during a peaceful protest, contributed to deteriorating relations with the South African government. On 8 April 1960, the administration of Charles Robberts Swart banned the ANC in South Africa. After the ban, the ANC formed the Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation) to fight against apartheid utilising guerrilla warfare and sabotage.\nAfter 30 years of exiled struggle, during which many ANC members had been imprisoned or forced abroad, the country began its move towards full democracy. On 3 February 1990, State President F. W. de Klerk lifted the ban on the ANC and released Nelson Mandela from prison on 11 February 1990. On 17 March 1992, the apartheid referendum was passed by the white only electorate, removing apartheid and allowing the ANC to run in the 1994 election, which for the first time allowed all South Africans to vote for their national government. Since the 1994 election the ANC has performed better than 55% in all general elections, including the most recent 2019 election. However the party has been embroiled in a number of controversies since 2011.", "Q216339": "Johann Erich Biester (17 November 1749, L\u00fcbeck \u2013 20 February 1816, Berlin) was a German philosopher. With Friedrich Nicolai and Friedrich Gedike, he formed what was known as the 'Triumvirate' of late Enlightenment Berlin.", "Q93371": "Leopold Anton Johann Sigismund Josef Korsinus Ferdinand Graf Berchtold von und zu Ungarschitz, Fr\u00e4ttling und P\u00fcll\u00fctz (Hungarian: Gr\u00f3f Berchtold Lip\u00f3t, Czech: Leopold hrab\u011b Berchtold z Uher\u010dic) (18 April 1863 \u2013 21 November 1942), was an Austro-Hungarian politician, diplomat and statesman who served as Imperial Foreign Minister at the outbreak of World War I.", "Q53633": "Ernst Trygger (27 October 1857 \u2013 23 September 1943) was a Swedish jurist professor and conservative politician. He served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1923 to 1924. He also served as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1928 to 1930 in the government of Arvid Lindman. He was a member of the first chamber of the Swedish Riksdag from 1898 to 1937, and also leader of the conservatives in that chamber from 1913 to 1933.", "Q87304": "Mathias Herrmann (born 16 July 1962 in Friedberg, Germany) is a German television actor.\nHe studied acting from 1983\u201386 at the rewarded Otto-Falckenberg-School in Munich. Parallel to his studies he already played at the Munich Kammerspiele. His film debut he had given in 1987 in Ralf H\u00fcttners successful movie Das M\u00e4dchen mit den Feuerzeugen.\nAfter this, he had lots of engagements at theatres in Bremen, Bonn, Mannheim and Basel, where he played lots of leads in which he excited the audience, a.o. Prinz von Homburg, Clavigo, Der Stellvertreter and Ghetto. He got international attention with the lead role of captured German soldier Beck in the Dutch WW2 series De Partizanen (The Partisans), which received many awards and was nominated for an emmy. Shortly after this he also had a successful outcome in television in the ZDF series Ein Fall f\u00fcr Zwei. Millions of people were watching him in the role of Dr. Johannes Voss.\nSince then Mathias Herrmann was playing leads in many successful and awarded German TV movies, like Messerscharf (Angeliki Antoniou), E-mail an Gott (Bernd B\u00f6hlich), Sperling (Peter Schulze-Rohr), Verliebte jungs (Christoph Schrewes), Das Phantom (Dennis Gansel), Das falsche Opfer (Ulrich Stark) and Dieter Kehler's film version of Rosamunde Pilcher's Land der Sehnsucht. He has performed readings from authors such as Villon, Goethe and Schiller, Hebel and Brecht, Agota Kristof and Robert Gernhardt for many years.", "Q449466": "David Brown (February 15, 1947 \u2013 September 4, 2000) was an American musician. He was the primary bass player for the band Santana from 1966 until 1971, then again from 1974 until 1976.\nHe grew up in Daly City, California.\nBrown played in Santana at Woodstock and at Altamont in 1969 and on the band's first three studio albums before leaving after the \"Closing of the Fillmore West\" gig on July 4, 1971. In 1974, he rejoined for the album Borboletta and remained with the band for the followup Amigos before leaving again in the spring of 1976.\nAt the Fillmore West Tuesday jam sessions in the late 1960s and early 1970s, Brown would often make personnel selections for the sessions and participate as well. Tuesdays were always packed due to the $1 admission fee. There was no seating and the lighting was dim. If David needed someone to play a particular instrument, he would go out into the crowd and the first person that he ran into that he knew \"could play\", was asked to jam.\nIn 1998, Brown was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Santana. He died on September 4, 2000, due to liver and kidney failure.\nHe also played with the Mark Castro Band in the early 1990s.", "Q513768": "Thomas Henry Sargent (21 November 1894 \u2013 7 May 1963), best known by his stage name Max Miller and also known as \"The Cheeky Chappie\", was an English comedian who was widely regarded as the greatest stand-up comedian of his generation. He made films, toured in revues and music hall, and sang and recorded songs, some of which he wrote. He was known for his flamboyant suits, his wicked charm, and his risqu\u00e9 jokes which often got him into trouble with the censors.", "Q298272": "Donna Cruz Yrastorza-Larrazabal (born February 14, 1977) professionally known as Donna Cruz is a Filipina recording artist, actress and entertainer. She is a member of the Philippine showbiz family Cruz.\nHer self-titled debut album Donna was well received by the general public and earned her a double platinum certification. Cruz's fourth studio album Habang May Buhay earned a certification of four-times platinum six months after its release. Its lead single \"Only Me and You\" became a radio hit in the Philippines during the summer of 1995. In December 1995, Cruz won Best Actress in a Supporting Role in the 1995 Metro Manila Film Festival for her portrayal as Noemi in the movie Muling Umawit ang Puso. In 1996, Cruz starred in DoReMi, while she also released Merry Christmas Donna. In 1997, Cruz released Pure Donna which was certified three times platinum in 1998. Cruz had official PARI certifications for all her studio albums releases from 1989 up to her hiatus in 2000.\nCruz returned to the music industry with the release of her eighth studio album Now and Forever under Star Music in 2016.", "Q98224": "Wastl Witt (20 July 1882, Hausham \u2013 21 December 1955, Munich) was a German actor.", "Q215630": "Julius Leber (16 November 1891 \u2013 5 January 1945) was a German politician of the SPD and a member of the German resistance against the Nazi r\u00e9gime.", "Q11715950": "Jadwiga Pi\u0142sudska-Jaraczewska (Polish: [jad\u02c8vi\u0261a piw\u02c8sutska jara\u02c8t\u0282\u025bfska]; 28 February 1920 \u2013 16 November 2014) was a Polish pilot, who served in the Air Transport Auxiliary during the Second World War. She was one of two daughters of J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski.", "Q8704": "Walter Elias Disney (; December 5, 1901 \u2013 December 15, 1966) was an American entrepreneur, animator, writer, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors. Several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress.\nBorn in Chicago in 1901, Disney developed an early interest in drawing. He took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial illustrator at the age of 18. He moved to California in the early 1920s and set up the Disney Brothers Studio with his brother Roy. With Ub Iwerks, Walt developed the character Mickey Mouse in 1928, his first highly popular success; he also provided the voice for his creation in the early years. As the studio grew, Disney became more adventurous, introducing synchronized sound, full-color three-strip Technicolor, feature-length cartoons and technical developments in cameras. The results, seen in features such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), Pinocchio, Fantasia (both 1940), Dumbo (1941), and Bambi (1942), furthered the development of animated film. New animated and live-action films followed after World War II, including the critically successful Cinderella (1950) and Mary Poppins (1964), the latter of which received five Academy Awards.\nIn the 1950s, Disney expanded into the amusement park industry, and in 1955 he opened Disneyland in Anaheim, California. To fund the project he diversified into television programs, such as Walt Disney's Disneyland and The Mickey Mouse Club; he was also involved in planning the 1959 Moscow Fair, the 1960 Winter Olympics, and the 1964 New York World's Fair. In 1965, he began development of another theme park, Disney World, the heart of which was to be a new type of city, the \"Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow\" (EPCOT). Disney was a heavy smoker throughout his life and died of lung cancer in December 1966 before either the park or the EPCOT project were completed.\nDisney was a shy, self-deprecating and insecure man in private but adopted a warm and outgoing public persona. He had high standards and high expectations of those with whom he worked. Although there have been accusations that he was racist or anti-Semitic, they have been contradicted by many who knew him. His reputation changed in the years after his death, from a purveyor of homely patriotic values to a representative of American imperialism. He nevertheless remains an important figure in the history of animation and in the cultural history of the United States, where he is considered a national cultural icon. His film work continues to be shown and adapted; his namesake studio and company maintains high standards in its production of popular entertainment, and the Disney amusement parks have grown in size and number to attract visitors in several countries.", "Q55242": "Marcelino Olaechea (Marcelino Olaechea Loizaga) (9 January 1889, Baracaldo, Biscay - 21 October 1972, Valencia) was a Spanish Catholic religious, S.D.B, and Bishop of Pamplona during the Spanish Civil War.\nHis father worked in the iron and steel industry and so on Olaechea's episcopal coat of arms, instead of lions rampant or eagles with two heads, a chimney of the Altos Hornos iron foundry at Bilbao appeared. He joined the Salesian Society of St John Bosco, and attained a high administrative position in that congregation, until 25 August 1935, when he was appointed Bishop of Pamplona. His episcopal consecration, at the hands of Federico Tedeschini, the Papal Nuncio, was celebrated in Madrid on 27 October. He was the first Salesian bishop of Spain.\nOn 18 February 1946 he was translated to the Archbishop's see of Valencia and he died there on 21 October 1972.", "Q129617": "Jadwiga Smosarska (23 September 1898 \u2013 1 November 1971) was a Polish film actress. She appeared in more than 25 films between 1919 and 1937, as well as various stage productions.", "Q628020": "\u00c1ngel Cristo Dordi (17 October 1944 in Huelva \u2013 4 May 2010 in Madrid) was a Spanish circus performer.\nOn 3 May 2010 he was admitted to the University Hospital of Alcorc\u00f3n after suffering multiple cardiac arrests. He died on 4 May as a result of a final heart attack.", "Q336943": "Jan Andries Blokker, Sr. (27 May 1927 \u2013 6 July 2010) was a Dutch journalist, columnist, publicist, writer, and amateur historian. In The Netherlands, Blokker was best known for his columns in De Volkskrant, which he wrote between 1968 and 2006.\n\n", "Q382558": "David Brown (born 1983), better known by his stage name Roscoe, is an American rapper.\nHe released his debut album, Young Roscoe Philaphornia, in 2003, with the album debuting at #148 appeared on the Billboard 200.\n\n", "Q318466": "Perdiccas III (Greek: \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u0393\u0384) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia from 365 BC to 360 BC, succeeding his brother Alexander II.\nSon of Amyntas III and Eurydice, he was a child when Alexander II was killed by Ptolemy of Aloros, who then ruled as regent. In 365 BC, Perdiccas killed Ptolemy and assumed government.\nThere is very little information about the reign of Perdiccas III. He was at one time engaged in hostilities with Athens over Amphipolis, and he was distinguished for his patronage of men of letters. Among these we are told that Euphraeus of Oreus, a disciple of Plato, rose so high in Perdiccas's favour as to completely govern the young king and to exclude from his society all but philosophers and geometers.\nHe also served as theorodokos in the Panhellenic Games that took place in Epidaurus around 360/359 BC.In 360 BC, Perdiccas tried to reconquer upper Macedonia from the Illyrian Bardylis, but the expedition ended in disaster, with Perdiccas being killed. Diodorus Siculus attests that four thousand men had died in the expedition, and that the remainder, panic-stricken, had become exceedingly afraid of the Illyrian armies and had lost heart for continuing the war.Perdiccas was succeeded by his infant son, Amyntas IV. The throne was soon usurped by Perdiccas's younger brother Philip II.", "Q63928": "Caroline Schelling, n\u00e9e Michaelis, widowed B\u00f6hmer, divorced Schlegel (2 September 1763 \u2013 7 September 1809), was a noted German intellectual. She was one of the so-called Universit\u00e4tsmamsellen, a group of five academically active women during the 18th and 19th centuries, daughters of academics at G\u00f6ttingen University, alongside Meta Forkel-Liebeskind, Therese Huber, Philippine Engelhard, and Dorothea Schl\u00f6zer.", "Q89329": "Dirk van den Berg (born May 10, 1966 in D\u00fcsseldorf) is a German film director and producer with international experience, known for creative documentaries about urgent issues in the Middle East and Africa.\n\n", "Q12656487": "Hymenolepiasis is infestation by one of two species of tapeworm: Hymenolepis nana or H. diminuta. Alternative names are dwarf tapeworm infection and rat tapeworm infection. The disease is a type of helminthiasis which is classified as a neglected tropical disease.", "Q835440": "The University of Konstanz (German: Universit\u00e4t Konstanz) is a university in the city of Konstanz in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. Its main campus was opened on the Gie\u00dfberg in 1972 after being founded in 1966. The university is Germany's southernmost university and is situated on the shore of Lake Constance just four kilometers from the Swiss border. It has been successful in all three funding lines of the Excellence Initiative, both in 2007 and in 2012, and may thus bear the title \"University of Excellence\" for a number of years.\nIn addition to having approximately 11,500 students from around 100 countries, the university maintains over 220 partnerships with European universities as well as numerous international exchange programmes, thereby facilitating global networking. Students may choose from more than 100 degree programmes. Moreover, the University of Konstanz cooperates with a large number of renowned universities, such as Johns Hopkins University, Yale University, the University of Chicago, UC Berkeley and the University of Zurich. Its library is open 24 hours a day and has more than two million books.\n\n", "Q14578": "Vitznau is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q448778": "James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830 \u2013 January 27, 1893) was an American statesman and Republican politician who represented Maine in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1863 to 1876, serving as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1869 to 1875, and then in the United States Senate from 1876 to 1881.\nBlaine twice served as Secretary of State (1881, 1889\u20131892), one of only two persons to hold the position under three separate presidents (the other being Daniel Webster), and unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for President in 1876 and 1880 before being nominated in 1884. In the general election, he was narrowly defeated by Democrat Grover Cleveland. Blaine was one of the late 19th century's leading Republicans and champion of the moderate reformist faction of the party known as the \"Half-Breeds\".\nBlaine was born in the western Pennsylvania town of West Brownsville and after college moved to Maine, where he became a newspaper editor. Nicknamed \"the Magnetic Man\", he was a charismatic speaker in an era that prized oratory. He began his political career as an early supporter of Abraham Lincoln and the Union war effort in the American Civil War. In Reconstruction, Blaine was a supporter of black suffrage, but opposed some of the more coercive measures of the Radical Republicans. Initially a protectionist, he later worked for a reduction in the tariff and an expansion of American trade with foreign countries. Railroad promotion and construction were important issues in his time, and as a result of his interest and support, Blaine was widely suspected of corruption in the awarding of railroad charters, especially with the emergence of the Mulligan letters; these allegations plagued his 1884 presidential candidacy.\nAs Secretary of State, Blaine was a transitional figure, marking the end of an isolationist era in foreign policy and foreshadowing the rise of the American Century that would begin with the Spanish\u2013American War. His efforts at expanding the United States' trade and influence began the shift to a more active American foreign policy. Blaine was a pioneer of tariff reciprocity and urged greater involvement in Latin American affairs. An expansionist, Blaine's policies would lead in less than a decade to the establishment of the United States' acquisition of Pacific colonies and dominance of the Caribbean.", "Q4668975": "Abraham Laverton (1819\u20131886), of Westbury, Wiltshire, England, was a cloth mill owner, philanthropist, and Liberal member of parliament for the parliamentary borough of Westbury from 1874 to 1880.\n\n", "Q4647996": "Alfred James Clark (December 2, 1927 \u2013 March 20, 2015) was an American engineer, businessman and philanthropist. He was chairman and CEO of Clark Enterprises, Inc., headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland. The company's largest subsidiary is Clark Construction Group, LLC, one of the United States' largest construction companies, founded in 1906 as the George Hyman Construction Company.\n\n", "Q1720": "Mainz (; German: [ma\u026a\u032fnt\u0361s] (listen); Latin: Mogontiacum, French: Mayence) is the capital and largest city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The city is located on the Rhine river at its confluence with the Main river, opposite Wiesbaden on the border with Hesse. Mainz is an independent city with a population of 217,118 (2018) and forms part of the Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region.Mainz was founded by the Romans in the 1st century BC during the Classical antiquity era, serving as a military fortress on the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire and as the provincial capital of Germania Superior. Mainz became an important city in the 8th century AD as part of the Holy Roman Empire, becoming the capital of the Electorate of Mainz and seat of the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz, the Primate of Germany. Mainz is famous as the home of Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of the movable-type printing press, who in the early 1450s manufactured his first books in the city, including the Gutenberg Bible. Mainz was heavily damaged during World War II, with more than 30 air raids destroying about 80 percent of the city's center, including most of the historic buildings. Today, Mainz is a transport hub and a center of wine production.", "Q91200": "Alois Grimm (* 24 October 1886 in K\u00fclsheim, Germany, \u2020 hanged 11 September 1944 in Brandenburg-G\u00f6rden) was a Jesuit priest, Patristic scholar, educator, and victim of Nazi religious hostility.", "Q1020350": "Huadian (simplified Chinese: \u6866\u7538; traditional Chinese: \u6a3a\u7538; pinyin: Hu\u00e0di\u00e0n) is a city in south-central Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jilin City.\n\n", "Q64921": "Duke Pius August in Bavaria, full German name: Pius August Herzog in Bayern (born 1 August 1786 in Landshut, Electorate of Bavaria; died 3 August 1837 in Bayreuth, Kingdom of Bavaria) was a Duke in Bavaria as a member of the Palatine Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen line of the House of Wittelsbach. Pius August was a grandfather of Empress Elisabeth of Austria through his son Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria, as well as a great grandfather of Queen Elisabeth of the Belgians and an ancestor of the current generations of the Belgian and Italian Royal Families and the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg .", "Q514761": "Giuseppe Poggi (3 April 1811 \u2013 19 March 1901) was an Italian architect, mainly active in Tuscany.", "Q98542": "Andreas Birkmann (born 14 August 1939) is a German politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union. He has served as Justice Minister of Th\u00fcringen.\nBirkmann obtained a doctorate in 1967 in Cologne and served as a judge at the Federal Court in Karlsruhe. In 1991 he joined the State Chancellery of the Free State of Thuringia. From 1995 he was State Secretary in the Thuringian Ministry of Finance.\nBirkmann was the 1999 Minister of Justice of the Free State of Thuringia. After his retirement from the state government in 2002, he was co-owner of the law firm of Tank, Feber and Birkmann in Karlsruhe. Since 1 January 2008 he has been in the partner company Spilker & CollegenBirkmann is a member of the city council of Gernsbach, and is Deputy Chairman of the CDU and member of the Board of the urban community of the CDU in Gernsbach.\nHe is a member of the Multiple Sclerosis Society (DMSG) in the State of Thuringia. He chaired the board from 1995 to 2003.", "Q179746": "Cry-Baby is a 1990 American teen musical romantic comedy film written and directed by John Waters. It was the only film of Waters' over which studios were in a bidding war, coming off the heels of the successful Hairspray. The film stars Johnny Depp as 1950s teen rebel \"Cry-Baby\" Wade Walker, and also features a large ensemble cast that includes Amy Locane, Polly Bergen, Susan Tyrrell, Iggy Pop, Ricki Lake, and Traci Lords, with appearances by Troy Donahue, Joe Dallesandro, Joey Heatherton, David Nelson, Willem Dafoe, and Patricia Hearst.\nThe story centers on a group of delinquents who refer to themselves as \"drapes\" and their interaction with the rest of the town and its other subculture, the \"squares\", in 1950s Baltimore, Maryland. \"Cry-Baby\" Walker, a drape, and Allison, a square, create upheaval and turmoil in their little town of Baltimore by breaking the subculture taboos and falling in love. The film shows what the young couple has to overcome to be together and how their actions affect the rest of the town.\nPart of the film takes place at the now-closed Enchanted Forest amusement park in Ellicott City, Maryland. Others take place in the historic neighborhoods and towns of Hampden, Baltimore City, Reisterstown, Jessup, Milford Mill, and Sykesville, Maryland. The only scenes not filmed in Maryland were shot at Golden Oak Ranch in Santa Clarita Valley, California.\nThe film did not achieve high audience numbers in its initial release, but has subsequently become a cult classic and spawned a Broadway musical of the same name which was nominated for four Tony Awards.", "Q7351": "Robert Schumann (German: [\u02c8\u0283u\u02d0man]; 8 June 1810 \u2013 29 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era. Schumann left the study of law, intending to pursue a career as a virtuoso pianist. His teacher, Friedrich Wieck, a German pianist, had assured him that he could become the finest pianist in Europe, but a hand injury ended this dream. Schumann then focused his musical energies on composing.\nIn 1840, after a long and acrimonious legal battle with Wieck, who opposed the marriage, Schumann married Wieck's daughter Clara. A lifelong partnership in music began, as Clara herself was an established pianist and music prodigy. Clara and Robert also maintained a close relationship with German composer Johannes Brahms.\nUntil 1840, Schumann wrote exclusively for the piano. Later, he composed piano and orchestral works, and many Lieder (songs for voice and piano). He composed four symphonies, one opera, and other orchestral, choral, and chamber works. His best-known works include Carnaval, Symphonic Studies, Kinderszenen, Kreisleriana, and the Fantasie in C. Schumann was known for infusing his music with characters through motifs, as well as references to works of literature. These characters bled into his editorial writing in the Neue Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Musik (New Journal for Music), a Leipzig-based publication that he co-founded.\nSchumann suffered from a mental disorder that first manifested in 1833 as a severe melancholic depressive episode\u2014which recurred several times alternating with phases of \"exaltation\" and increasingly also delusional ideas of being poisoned or threatened with metallic items. What is now thought to have been a combination of bipolar disorder and perhaps mercury poisoning led to \"manic\" and \"depressive\" periods in Schumann's compositional productivity. After a suicide attempt in 1854, Schumann was admitted at his own request to a mental asylum in Endenich near Bonn. Diagnosed with psychotic melancholia, he died of pneumonia two years later at the age of 46, without recovering from his mental illness.", "Q3133541": "Sattam bin Abdulaziz (21 January 1941 \u2013 12 February 2013) was one of the senior members of the House of Saud and the 12th governor of the Riyadh Province.", "Q725510": "Desmond Bernard O'Connor, (born 12 January 1932) is an English comedian, singer and television presenter. He was a long time chat show host, and the presenter of the long-running Channel 4 gameshow Countdown for two years. He has recorded 36 albums and has had four top-ten singles, including a number-one hit with \"I Pretend\", with global sales of more than sixteen million records.", "Q99884": "Fritz Emil Irrgang (born May 10, 1890 in Linderode \u2013 died December 16, 1951 in Northeim) was a German politician and member of the Nazi Party and the Sturmabteilung (SA).\nIrrgang joined the Nazi Party in 1929, joining the SA at the same time, an organisation in which he subsequently attained the rank of Standartenf\u00fchrer. In 1933 he was elected to the Reichstag as a member for the Province of Westphalia and he served as a member of that body until the collapse of Nazism in 1945. He also served as B\u00fcrgermeister of a number of German towns during the Nazi period, notably Recklinghausen from 1939 to 1945.Following the Second World War Irrgang joined the Free Democratic Party and served as the chairman of a local government committee for that party.", "Q16409": "Tristan Tzara (French: [t\u0281ist\u0251\u0303 dza\u0281a]; Romanian: [tris\u02c8tan \u02c8t\u0361sara]; born Samuel or Samy Rosenstock, also known as S. Samyro; 28 April [O.S. 16 April] 1896 \u2013 25 December 1963) was a Romanian and French avant-garde poet, essayist and performance artist. Also active as a journalist, playwright, literary and art critic, composer and film director, he was known best for being one of the founders and central figures of the anti-establishment Dada movement. Under the influence of Adrian Maniu, the adolescent Tzara became interested in Symbolism and co-founded the magazine Simbolul with Ion Vinea (with whom he also wrote experimental poetry) and painter Marcel Janco. During World War I, after briefly collaborating on Vinea's Chemarea, he joined Janco in Switzerland. There, Tzara's shows at the Cabaret Voltaire and Zunfthaus zur Waag, as well as his poetry and art manifestos, became a main feature of early Dadaism. His work represented Dada's nihilistic side, in contrast with the more moderate approach favored by Hugo Ball.\nAfter moving to Paris in 1919, Tzara, by then one of the \"presidents of Dada\", joined the staff of Litt\u00e9rature magazine, which marked the first step in the movement's evolution toward Surrealism. He was involved in the major polemics which led to Dada's split, defending his principles against Andr\u00e9 Breton and Francis Picabia, and, in Romania, against the eclectic modernism of Vinea and Janco. This personal vision on art defined his Dadaist plays The Gas Heart (1921) and Handkerchief of Clouds (1924). A forerunner of automatist techniques, Tzara eventually aligned himself with Breton's Surrealism, and under its influence wrote his celebrated utopian poem The Approximate Man.\nDuring the final part of his career, Tzara combined his humanist and anti-fascist perspective with a communist vision, joining the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War and the French Resistance during World War II, and serving a term in the National Assembly. Having spoken in favor of liberalization in the People's Republic of Hungary just before the Revolution of 1956, he distanced himself from the French Communist Party, of which he was by then a member. In 1960, he was among the intellectuals who protested against French actions in the Algerian War.\nTristan Tzara was an influential author and performer, whose contribution is credited with having created a connection from Cubism and Futurism to the Beat Generation, Situationism and various currents in rock music. The friend and collaborator of many modernist figures, he was the lover of dancer Maja Kruscek in his early youth and was later married to Swedish artist and poet Greta Knutson.", "Q134646": "Pope Boniface VIII (Latin: Bonifatius VIII; born Benedetto Caetani, c. 1230 \u2013 11 October 1303) was pope from 24 December 1294 to his death in 1303. Caetani was of baronial origin with family connections to the papacy.\nHe succeeded Pope Celestine V, a Benedictine, who had resigned from the papal throne. Boniface spent his early career abroad in diplomatic roles. In the College of Cardinals, he discriminated not only against the Benedictines but also members of the Colonna family, some of whom had contested the validity of the 1294 papal conclave that elected him following the unusual resignation of Pope Celestine V. The dispute resulted in battles between troops of Boniface and his adversaries and the deliberate destruction and salting of the town of Palestrina, despite the pope's assurances that the surrendering city would be spared.\nBoniface VIII put forward some of the strongest claims of any pope to temporal as well as spiritual power. He involved himself often with foreign affairs, including in France, Sicily, Italy and the First War of Scottish Independence. These views, and his chronic intervention in \"temporal\" affairs, led to many bitter quarrels with Albert I of Germany, Philip IV of France, and Dante Alighieri, who wrote his treatise De Monarchia to dispute Boniface's claims of papal supremacy and placed the pope in the Eighth Circle of Hell in his Divine Comedy, among the simoniacs.\nBoniface systematized canon law by collecting it in a new volume, Liber Sextus (1298), which continues to be important source material for canon lawyers. He organized the first Catholic \"jubilee\" year to take place in Rome in order to gain political clout over Philip IV of France or make up for loss of funds from him. Boniface had first entered into conflict with Philip IV of France in 1296 when the latter sought to reinforce the nascent nation state by imposing taxes on the clergy and barring them from administration of the law. The conflict escalated when the French arrested and convicted papal legate Bernard Saisset for insurrection. The pope issued a bull, Ausculta Fili, in which he declared that both spiritual and temporal power were under the pope's jurisdiction, and that kings were subordinate to the power of the Roman pontiff. Philip disobeyed and had Ausculta Fili publicly burnt in Paris in 1302. Boniface excommunicated Philip and all others who prevented French clergy from traveling to the Holy See, after which the king sent his troops to attack the pope's residence in Anagni on 7 September 1303 and capture him. Boniface was held for three days and beaten badly.\nBoniface died a month later, on 11 October 1303, of high fever and was buried in a special chapel. Philip IV pressured Pope Clement V of the Avignon Papacy into staging a posthumous trial of Boniface. He was accused of heresy and sodomy. Pope Clement V referred the process to the 1311 Council of Vienne, where two knights challenged the claim to a trial by combat. With no one willing to fight them, the Council declared the matter closed. His body was accidentally exhumed in 1605 and was found to be in relatively good condition, dispensing the legend that he had become frenzied, gnawing his hands and bashing his brains out against the wall.", "Q933025": "Windham Hill Records was an independent record label that specialized in instrumental acoustic music. It was founded by guitarist William Ackerman and Anne Robinson (n\u00e9e McGilvray) in 1976 and was popular in the 1980s and 1990s.\nThe label was purchased by BMG through a series of buyouts from 1992 through 1996 and is currently a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment after BMG's subsequent merger in 2008. Private Music, also a subsidiary of BMG, has issued some back-catalog releases under the Windham Hill Records imprint. Since the Sony merger in 2007, Windham Hill has released no new material but reissues albums and compilations as part of Sony's Legacy Recordings brand.", "Q230": "Georgia (Georgian: \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd, translit.: sakartvelo, IPA: [s\u0251k\u02b0\u0251rt\u02b0v\u025bl\u0254] (listen)), known until 1995 as the Republic of Georgia (Georgian: \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0, translit.: sakartvelos resp'ublik'a), is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital and largest city is Tbilisi. Georgia covers a territory of 69,700 square kilometres (26,911 sq mi), and its 2017 population is about 3.718 million. Georgia is a unitary parliamentary republic, with the government elected through a representative democracy.\nDuring the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia, such as Colchis and Iberia. The Georgians officially adopted Christianity in the early 4th century. The Georgian Orthodox Church had enormous importance for the spiritual and political unification of early Georgian states. The unified Kingdom of Georgia reached its Golden Age during the reign of King David the Builder and Queen Tamar the Great in the 12th and early 13th centuries. Thereafter, the kingdom declined and eventually disintegrated under the hegemony of various regional powers, including the Mongols, the Ottoman Empire and successive dynasties of Iran. In the late 18th century, the eastern Georgian Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti forged an alliance with the Russian Empire, which directly annexed the kingdom in 1801 and conquered the western Kingdom of Imereti in 1810. Russian rule over Georgia was eventually acknowledged in various peace treaties with Iran and the Ottomans and the remaining Georgian territories were absorbed by the Russian Empire in a piecemeal fashion through the course of the 19th century.\nDuring the Civil War following the Russian Revolution in 1917, Georgia briefly became part of the Transcaucasian Federation and then emerged as an independent republic before the Russian army invasion in 1921, which established a government of workers' and peasants' soviets. Soviet Georgia would be incorporated into a new Transcaucasian Federation that, in 1922, would be a founding republic of the Soviet Union. In 1936, the Transcaucasian Federation was dissolved and Georgia emerged as a Union Republic. During World War II, almost 700,000 Georgians fought in the Red Army against the Germans. After Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, a native Georgian, died in 1953, a wave of protest spread against Nikita Khrushchev and his de-Stalinization reforms, leading to the death of nearly one hundred students in 1956.\nBy the 1980s, an independence movement was established and grew, leading to Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union in April 1991. For most of the following decade, post-Soviet Georgia suffered from civil conflicts, secessionist wars in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and economic crisis. Following the bloodless Rose Revolution in 2003, Georgia strongly pursued a pro-Western foreign policy; aimed at NATO and European integration, it introduced a series of democratic and economic reforms. This brought about mixed results, but strengthened state institutions. The country's Western orientation soon led to the worsening of relations with Russia, culminating in the brief Russo-Georgian War in August 2008 and Georgia's current territorial dispute with Russia.\nGeorgia is a developing country and ranks 70th on the Human Development Index. The country is a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development. It contains two de facto independent regions, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which gained very limited international recognition after the 2008 Russo-Georgian War. Most of the world's countries consider the regions to be Georgian territory under Russian occupation.", "Q114596": "Josef Bauer (10 June 1915, Wasserburg am Inn \u2013 15 July 1989) was a German politician of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nBauer started from 1953 as a town councillor in Bavaria. He belonged to the German Bundestag from 1953 to 1969. \nFrom 1963 to 1969 he was deputy chairman of the CSU regional committee in CDU/CSU the Bundestag faction. He represented the constituency Alt\u00f6tting in the parliament. \nFrom 1962 to 1970 Bauer was also state parliament delegate for the CSU in Bavaria.\nHe was governor of Landkreis Wasserburg am Inn from 1970 to 1972.", "Q6858340": "Mill Hill School is a 13\u201318 mixed independent, day and boarding school in Mill Hill, London, England that was established in 1807. It is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.", "Q499451": "Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (), commonly referred to as Rutgers University, or RU, is an American public research university in New Jersey. It is the largest institution of higher education in New Jersey.\nRutgers was originally chartered as Queen's College on November 10, 1766. It is the eighth-oldest college in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. The college was renamed Rutgers College in 1825 in honor of Colonel Henry Rutgers. For most of its existence, Rutgers was a private liberal arts college but it evolved into a coeducational public research university after being designated \"The State University of New Jersey\" by the New Jersey Legislature in laws enacted in 1945 and 1956.Rutgers has three campuses located throughout New Jersey: New Brunswick campus in New Brunswick and adjacent Piscataway, the Newark campus, and the Camden campus. The university has additional facilities elsewhere in the state. Instruction is offered by 9,000 faculty members in 175 academic departments to over 45,000 undergraduate students and more than 20,000 graduate and professional students. The university is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools and is a member of the Big Ten Academic Alliance, the Association of American Universities and the Universities Research Association. The New Brunswick campus was categorized by Howard and Matthew Green in their book titled The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities (2001) as a Public Ivy.", "Q11366": "Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alternative pop, alt-rock, alt-pop or simply alternative) is a term used to categorize rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1970s and became widely popular in the 1980s. \"Alternative\" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream or commercial rock or pop music. The term's original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their collective debt to either the musical style or simply the independent, DIY ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music.In September 1988, Billboard introduced \"Alternative Songs\" into their charting system rather than continue incorporating alternative artists into the existing rock and pop charts. By then, \"alternative\" had become a catch-all description for both successful artists such as U2 and R.E.M. and music from underground, independent, or non-commercial rock artists that received some level of mainstream recognition. Although the genre evolved in the late 1970s and 1980s, music anticipating the genre can be found as early as the 1960s, with bands such as the Velvet Underground and artists such as Syd Barrett. Since the early 1990s the term has often been misused to market an artist's image or music toward consumers seeking to distinguish their tastes from mainstream pop or rock music.Traditionally, alternative rock broadly consisted of music that differed greatly in terms of its sound, social context and regional roots. Throughout the 1980s, magazines and zines, college radio airplay, and word of mouth had increased the prominence and highlighted the diversity of alternative rock, helping to define a number of distinct styles (and music scenes) such as noise pop, indie rock, grunge, and shoegaze. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands, such as H\u00fcsker D\u00fc and R.E.M., were signed to major labels. But most alternative bands' commercial success was limited in comparison to other genres of rock and pop music at the time, and most acts remained signed to independent labels and received relatively little attention from mainstream radio, television, or newspapers. With the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful.", "Q380429": "Anthony Jay Robbins (born Anthony J. Mahavoric; February 29, 1960) is an American author, public speaker, life coach, and philanthropist. Robbins is known for his infomercials, seminars, and self-help books including the books Unlimited Power (published in 1987) and Awaken the Giant Within (published in 1993).In 2015 and 2016 Robbins was listed on the Worth Magazine Power 100 list. His seminars are organized through Robbins Research International.\n\n", "Q860469": "Thomas Cubitt (25 February 1788 \u2013 20 December 1855) was a British master builder, notable for his employment in developing many of the historic streets and squares of London, especially in Belgravia, Pimlico and Bloomsbury.\n\n", "Q217741": "Purdue University is a public research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system. The university was founded in 1869 after Lafayette businessman John Purdue donated land and money to establish a college of science, technology, and agriculture in his name. The first classes were held on September 16, 1874, with six instructors and 39 students.The main campus in West Lafayette offers more than 200 majors for undergraduates, over 69 masters and doctoral programs, and professional degrees in pharmacy and veterinary medicine. In addition, Purdue has 18 intercollegiate sports teams and more than 900 student organizations. Purdue is a member of the Big Ten Conference and enrolls the second largest student body of any university in Indiana, as well as the fourth largest foreign student population of any university in the United States.Purdue University is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity\". Purdue has 25 American astronauts as alumni and as of April 2019, the university has been associated with 13 Nobel Prizes.", "Q741082": "Macquarie University () is a public research university based in Sydney, Australia, in the suburb of Macquarie Park. Founded in 1964 by the New South Wales Government, it was the third university to be established in the metropolitan area of Sydney.Established as a verdant university, Macquarie has five faculties, as well as the Macquarie University Hospital and the Macquarie Graduate School of Management, which are located on the university's main campus in suburban Sydney.\nThe university is the first in Australia to fully align its degree system with the Bologna Accord.\n\n", "Q18424": "Queens is a borough of New York City, coterminous with Queens County, in the U.S. state of New York. It is the largest borough geographically and is adjacent to the borough of Brooklyn, at the western end of Long Island, and Nassau County to its east. Queens also shares water borders with the boroughs of Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island (via the Rockaways). The borough of Queens is the second-largest in population, the first being Brooklyn; with an estimated population of 2,253,858 residents in 2019, approximately 47.5 percent of them foreign-born. Queens County also is the second most populous county in the U.S. state of New York, behind Kings County, which is coterminous with Brooklyn. Queens is the fourth most densely populated county among New York City's boroughs, as well as in the United States. If each of New York City's boroughs were an independent city, Queens would be the nation's fourth most populous, after Los Angeles, Chicago, and Brooklyn. Queens is one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, as well as the most diverse among highly populated counties and the most linguistically diverse place on Earth.Queens was established in 1683 as one of the original 12 counties of New York. The settlement was presumably named for the English queen Catherine of Braganza (1638\u20131705). From 1683 until 1899, the County of Queens included what is now Nassau County. Queens became a borough during the consolidation of New York City in 1898.\nQueens has the most diversified economy of the five boroughs of New York City. It is home to John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport, both among the world's busiest, which in turn makes the airspace above Queens among the busiest in the United States. Landmarks in Queens include Flushing Meadows\u2013Corona Park; Citi Field, home to the New York Mets baseball team; the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, site of the US Open tennis tournament; Kaufman Astoria Studios; Silvercup Studios; and Aqueduct Racetrack. The borough has diverse housing, ranging from high-rise apartment buildings in the urban areas of western and central Queens, such as Ozone Park, Jackson Heights, Flushing, Astoria, and Long Island City, to somewhat more suburban neighborhoods in the eastern part of the borough, including Douglaston\u2013Little Neck and Bayside. The Queens Night Market in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park attracts over 10,000 people nightly to sample food from over 85 countries.\n\n", "Q740388": "Tony Simon (born October 8, 1976), better known by his stage name Blockhead, is an American hip hop record producer and disc jockey from Manhattan, New York. Aside from his solo efforts released on the Ninja Tune label, he is most associated with producing tracks for Aesop Rock. He has been a member of the groups such as Party Fun Action Committee and The Mighty Jones.", "Q292993": "Tula Paulinea Contostavlos (Greek: \u03a4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u039a\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5; born 13 July 1988), known professionally as Tulisa, is a British singer, songwriter and television personality. As a part of the hip hop group N-Dubz with her cousin Dappy and friend Fazer, she gained two platinum-certified albums, two gold-certified albums, five MOBO awards, four headlining tours, a Brit Award nomination, thirteen top 40 singles, six silver-certified singles and three Urban Music Awards.\nIn 2011 and 2012, Tulisa was a judge on The X Factor UK, she led the \"Groups\" category in 2011, her winning act being Little Mix, who went on to become the most successful girl group in the X Factor's history. In 2012, Tulisa's success continued with the release of her debut single \"Young\", which debuted and peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart. \"Live It Up\" and \"Sight of You\" were also hits reaching the top twenty in the UK. In November 2012 she released her debut album The Female Boss, which peaked at number 35 on the UK Albums Chart. As an actress, Tulisa has starred in the British horror film Demons Never Die and the comedy film Big Fat Gypsy Gangster in 2011.", "Q224": "Croatia ( (listen), kroh-AY-sh\u0259; Croatian: Hrvatska, pronounced [x\u0159\u0329\u028ba\u02d0tska\u02d0]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska, listen ), is a country in Southeast Europe. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the southeast, sharing a maritime border with Italy. Its capital, Zagreb, forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with twenty counties. Croatia has an area of 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles) and a population of 4.28 million, most of whom are Roman Catholics.\nCroatia has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Age. The Croats arrived in the area in the 6th century and organised the territory into two duchies by the 9th century. Croatia was first internationally recognized as an independent state on 7 June 879 during the reign of duke Branimir. Tomislav became the first king by 925, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom, which retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries. During the succession crisis after the Trpimirovi\u0107 dynasty ended, Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest, the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of Austria to the Croatian throne. In October 1918, in the final days of World War I, the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, independent from Austria-Hungary, was proclaimed in Zagreb, and in December 1918 it was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929).\nFollowing the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, most of the Croatian territory was incorporated into a Nazi-backed client-state, the Independent State of Croatia. In response, a resistance movement developed. This led to the creation of the Federal State of Croatia, which after the war became a founding member and constituent of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On 25 June 1991, Croatia declared independence, which came wholly into effect on 8 October of the same year. The Croatian War of Independence was fought successfully for four years following the declaration.\nA sovereign state, Croatia is a republic governed under a parliamentary system. It is a member of the European Union (EU), the United Nations (UN), the Council of Europe, NATO, the World Trade Organization (WTO), and a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean. As an active participant in the UN peacekeeping forces, Croatia has contributed troops to the NATO-led mission in Afghanistan and took a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2008\u20132009 term. Since 2000, the Croatian government has constantly invested in infrastructure, especially transport routes and facilities along the Pan-European corridors.\nCroatia is classified by the World Bank as a high-income country and ranked 46th on the Human Development Index. The economy is dominated by service, industrial sectors and agriculture. Tourism is a significant source of revenue, with Croatia ranked among the top 20 most popular tourist destinations in the world. The state controls a part of the economy, with substantial government expenditure. The European Union is Croatia's most important trading partner. Croatia provides social security, universal health care system, and a tuition-free primary and secondary education, while supporting culture through numerous public institutions and corporate investments in media and publishing.", "Q981683": "Michael Robotham (born 9 November 1960) is an Australian, internationally published, crime fiction writer. His eldest daughter is the ARIA and APRA Award winning songwriter, producer and musician Alex Hope.", "Q491019": "Herman Cain (born December 13, 1945) is an American politician, business executive, syndicated columnist, and Tea Party activist.\nCain grew up in Georgia and graduated from Morehouse College with a bachelor's degree in mathematics. He then graduated with a master's degree in computer science at Purdue University, while also working full-time for the U.S. Department of the Navy. In 1977, he joined the Pillsbury Company where he later became vice president. During the 1980s, Cain's success as a business executive at Burger King prompted Pillsbury to appoint him as chairman and CEO of Godfather's Pizza, in which capacity he served from 1986 to 1996.\nCain was chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Omaha Branch from 1989 to 1991. He was deputy chairman, from 1992 to 1994, and then chairman until 1996, of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. In 1995, he was appointed to the Kemp Commission, and in 1996, he served as a senior economic adviser to Bob Dole's presidential campaign. From 1996 to 1999, Cain served as president and CEO of the National Restaurant Association. \nIn May 2011, Cain announced his presidential candidacy. By the fall, his proposed 9\u20139\u20139 tax plan and debating performances had made him a serious contender for the Republican nomination. In November, however, his campaign faced allegations of sexual misconduct\u2014all denied by Cain\u2014and he announced its suspension on December 3.", "Q268181": "Charles Michael Palahniuk (; born February 21, 1962) is an American novelist and freelance journalist, who describes his work as transgressional fiction. He is the author of the award-winning novel Fight Club, which also was made into a popular film of the same name.", "Q557880": "An investor is a person that allocates capital with the expectation of a future financial return or to gain an advantage. Types of investments include: equity, debt securities, real estate, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets. That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors. An investor who owns a stock is a shareholder.", "Q11372": "Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles, practices, and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, analytical dynamics and chemical equilibrium.\nPhysical chemistry, in contrast to chemical physics, is predominantly (but not always) a macroscopic or supra-molecular science, as the majority of the principles on which it was founded relate to the bulk rather than the molecular/atomic structure alone (for example, chemical equilibrium and colloids).\nSome of the relationships that physical chemistry strives to resolve include the effects of:\n\nIntermolecular forces that act upon the physical properties of materials (plasticity, tensile strength, surface tension in liquids).\nReaction kinetics on the rate of a reaction.\nThe identity of ions and the electrical conductivity of materials.\nSurface science and electrochemistry of cell membranes.\nInteraction of one body with another in terms of quantities of heat and work called thermodynamics.\nTransfer of heat between a chemical system and its surroundings during change of phase or chemical reaction taking place called thermochemistry\nStudy of colligative properties of number of species present in solution.\nNumber of phases, number of components and degree of freedom (or variance) can be correlated with one another with help of phase rule.\nReactions of electrochemical cells.", "Q57327": "Hassanal Bolkiah (full name: Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei, as well as the Prime Minister of Brunei, making him one of the last absolute monarchs. The eldest son of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III and Raja Isteri (Queen) Pengiran Anak Damit, he succeeded to the throne as the Sultan of Brunei, following the abdication of his father on 5 October 1967. \nThe sultan has been ranked among the wealthiest individuals in the world. In 2008, Forbes estimated the sultan's total peak net worth at US $20 billion. After Queen Elizabeth II, the sultan is the world's second longest-reigning current monarch. On 5 October 2017, the sultan celebrated his Golden Jubilee to mark the 50th year of his reign on the throne.", "Q768404": "Rob Barraco is an American keyboardist. Born and raised on Long Island, NY, he has played with Phil Lesh and Friends, The Dead, Dark Star Orchestra, Chris Robinson & New Earth Mud, the Zen Tricksters, Red Flannel Hash, and The Dragonflys. He was the permanent keyboardist for Phil Lesh and Friends from 2000 to 2003 and has been in the band's line-up at other times. He also played keyboards (alongside Jeff Chimenti) when ex-members of The Grateful Dead reformed as The Other Ones (in 2002), and then as The Dead (in 2003).Rob has played music on both keyboard and guitar since the age of 6 and has been a professional musician all his adult life. For over ten years in the 1980s and early 1990s he was keyboardist for the popular The Cosby Show and its spin-off, A Different World. Rob toured with R&B performer Freddie Jackson in the late 1980s before joining The Zen Tricksters. Rob spent eleven years touring and recording with The Tricksters, turning out two studio albums and playing live shows across the US and Canada. Their second album, A Love Surreal, brought the band to the attention of Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh, who summoned Rob and Trickster guitarist Jeff Mattson to play a series of shows in San Francisco and then on to tour the country double billing with Bob Dylan. That band included drummer John Molo and Allman Brothers Band guitarists Derek Trucks and Warren Haynes. The following year Barraco became a member of the Phil Lesh Quintet, including Lesh, Barraco, Molo, Haynes, and guitarist Jimmy Herring. Known by fans as \"The Q\", the Quintet went on to tour the United States for three years and put out one studio album, There and Back Again. In 2002, Barraco joined with the original members of the Grateful Dead for two shows at the Alpine Valley Music Theater, and then toured with them as The Other Ones in 2002 and 2003. In 2004, he joined Chris Robinson's New Earth Mud. In 2005, Barraco toured with Dark Star Orchestra after the death of keyboardist Scott Larned and continues to play with them at the present time, although he also played sporadically with Phil Lesh and Friends in 2005 and continuously through 2006. Rob has also collaborated with Grateful Dead lyricist Robert Hunter on seven songs recorded on his 2007 solo release, When We All Come Home.", "Q2034661": "Vanguard Records is an American record label set up in 1950 by brothers Maynard and Seymour Solomon in New York City. It was a primarily classical label throughout its heyday in the 1950s and 1960s, but is perhaps best known for its catalogue of recordings by a number of pivotal jazz, folk, and blues musicians. The Bach Guild was a subsidiary label.\nThe label was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music in April 2015.\n\n", "Q104791": "Edward Allen Harris (born November 28, 1950) is an American actor, producer, director, and screenwriter. His performances in Apollo 13 (1995), The Truman Show (1998), Pollock (2000) and The Hours (2002) earned him critical acclaim in addition to Academy Award nominations. Harris has appeared in several leading and supporting roles, such as in The Right Stuff (1983), The Abyss (1989), State of Grace (1990), Glengarry Glen Ross (1992), Nixon (1995), The Rock (1996), Stepmom (1998), A Beautiful Mind (2001), Enemy at the Gates (2001), A History of Violence (2005), Gone Baby Gone (2007), Snowpiercer (2013), and Mother! (2017). In addition to directing Pollock, Harris also directed the western Appaloosa (2008).\nIn television, Harris is notable for his roles as Miles Roby in the miniseries Empire Falls (2005) and as United States Senator John McCain in the television movie Game Change (2012); the latter earned him the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Series, Miniseries or Television Film. He currently stars as the Man in Black in the HBO science fiction-Western series Westworld (2016\u2013present), for which he earned a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series.", "Q180491": "M\u00e9lanie Thierry (born 17 July 1981) is a French actress.", "Q1032998": "Samuel Sullivan \"Sunset\" Cox (September 30, 1824 \u2013 September 10, 1889) was an American Congressman and diplomat. He represented both Ohio and New York in the United States House of Representatives, and also served as United States Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire.\n\n", "Q49119": "Brandeis University is a private research university in Waltham, Massachusetts. Founded in 1948 as a non-sectarian, coeducational institution sponsored by the Jewish community, Brandeis was established on the site of the former Middlesex University. The university is named after Louis Brandeis, the first Jewish Justice of the US Supreme Court.\nIn 2018, it had a total enrollment of 5,800 students on its suburban campus spanning 235 acres (95 hectares). The institution offers more than 43 majors and 46 minors, and two-thirds of undergraduate classes have 20 students or fewer. It is a member of Association of American Universities since 1985 and of the Boston Consortium, which allows students to cross-register to attend courses at other institutions including Boston College, Boston University and Tufts University.The university has a strong liberal arts focus and attracts a geographically and economically diverse student body, with 72% of its non-international undergraduates being from out of state, 50% of full-time undergraduates receiving need-based financial aid and 13.5% being recipients of the federal Pell Grant. It has the eighth-largest international student population of any university in the United States. Alumni and affiliates of the university include former first lady of the United States Eleanor Roosevelt, Nobel Prize laureate Roderick MacKinnon and Fields Medalist Edward Witten, as well as foreign heads of state, congressmen, governors, diplomats, and recipients of the Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, Academy Award, Emmy Award, and MacArthur Fellowship.", "Q85261": "Lutz Hachmeister (born September 10, 1959 in Minden/Westphalia) is a German media historian, award-winning filmmaker and journalist. He particularly gained international attention for directing the 2005 film The Goebbels Experiment, co-produced by the BBC and the Canadian History channel, and featuring Kenneth Branagh as the narrator for the Goebbels Diaries. In 2006 Hachmeister established the Institute for Media and Communication Policy (IfM) in Berlin and Cologne, which is strongly tied to the Anglo-American media scene.\n\n", "Q236943": "Fahreta \u017divojinovi\u0107 (n\u00e9e Jahi\u0107, Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: \u0424\u0430\u0445\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0416\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0458\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b \u0408\u0430\u0445\u0438\u045b; born 20 October 1960), known by her stage name Lepa Brena (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: \u041b\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0411\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430), is a pop-folk singer, actress, and talent manager. She is the best-selling female recording artist from the former Yugoslavia.\nLepa Brena grew up in Br\u010dko, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and has lived in Belgrade, Serbia since 1980, where she started her career. Lepa Brena is considered to be a symbol of the former Yugoslavia, due to the fact that she was one of the last popular acts to emerge before the break up of Yugoslavia. She has described herself as being Yugo-nostalgic. Along with her husband, Slobodan \u017divojinovi\u0107 and friend, Sa\u0161a Popovi\u0107, Brena co-founded and co-owns Grand Production, the biggest record label and production company in the Balkans. In 2019, they decided to sell the Grand Production for \u20ac30 million.", "Q506371": "Sean Costello (April 16, 1979 \u2013 April 15, 2008) was an American blues musician, renowned for his fiery guitar playing and soulful singing. He released five critically acclaimed albums before his career was cut short by his sudden death at the age of 28. Tinsley Ellis called him \u2018the most gifted young blues guitarist on the scene... he was a triple threat on guitar, vocals and as a songwriter\u2019.", "Q18430": "Joseph Eugene Stiglitz (; born February 9, 1943) is an American economist, public policy analyst, and a professor at Columbia University. He is a recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2001) and the John Bates Clark Medal (1979). He is a former senior vice president and chief economist of the World Bank and is a former member and chairman of the (US president's) Council of Economic Advisers. He is known for his support of Georgist public finance theory and for his critical view of the management of globalization, of laissez-faire economists (whom he calls \"free market fundamentalists\"), and of international institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.\nIn 2000, Stiglitz founded the Initiative for Policy Dialogue (IPD), a think tank on international development based at Columbia University. He has been a member of the Columbia faculty since 2001, and received that university's highest academic rank (university professor) in 2003. He was the founding chair of the university's Committee on Global Thought. He also chairs the University of Manchester's Brooks World Poverty Institute. He is a member of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences. In 2009, the President of the United Nations General Assembly Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann, appointed Stiglitz as the chairman of the U.N. Commission on Reforms of the International Monetary and Financial System, where he oversaw suggested proposals and commissioned a report on reforming the international monetary and financial system. He served as chair of the international Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, appointed by President Sarkozy of France, which issued its report in 2010, Mismeasuring our Lives: Why GDP doesn't add up, and currently serves as co-chair of its successor, the High Level Expert Group on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress. From 2011 to 2014, Stiglitz was president of the International Economic Association (IEA). He presided over the organization of the IEA triennial world congress held near the Dead Sea in Jordan in June 2014.Stiglitz has received more than 40 honorary degrees, including from Cambridge and Harvard, and he has been decorated by several governments including Bolivia, Korea, Colombia, Ecuador, and most recently France, where he was appointed a member of the Legion of Honor, order Officer.\nIn 2011 Stiglitz was named by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world. Stiglitz's work focuses on income distribution from a Georgist perspective, asset risk management, corporate governance, and international trade. He is the author of several books, the latest being The Euro: How a Common Currency Threatens the Future of Europe (2016), The Great Divide: Unequal Societies and What We Can Do About Them (2015), Rewriting the Rules of the American Economy: An Agenda for Growth and Shared Prosperity (2015), and Creating a Learning Society: A New Approach to Growth Development and Social Progress (2014). He is also one of the 25 leading figures on the Information and Democracy Commission launched by Reporters Without Borders.", "Q1347401": "William Mulholland (September 11, 1855 \u2013 July 22, 1935) was an Irish American civil engineer who was responsible for building the infrastructure to provide a water supply that allowed Los Angeles to grow into the largest city in California. As the head of a predecessor to the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Mulholland designed and supervised the building of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, a 233-mile (375 km)-long system to move water from Owens Valley to the San Fernando Valley. The creation and operation of the aqueduct led to the disputes known as the California Water Wars. In March 1928, Mulholland's career came to an end when the St. Francis Dam failed just over 12 hours after he and his assistant gave it a safety inspection.", "Q45723": "Jacques Maritain (French: [ma\u0281it\u025b\u0303]; 18 November 1882 \u2013 28 April 1973) was a French Catholic philosopher. Raised Protestant, he was agnostic before converting to Catholicism in 1906. An author of more than 60 books, he helped to revive Thomas Aquinas for modern times, and was influential in the development and drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Pope Paul VI presented his \"Message to Men of Thought and of Science\" at the close of Vatican II to Maritain, his long-time friend and mentor. The same pope had seriously considered making him a lay Cardinal, but Maritain rejected it. Maritain's interest and works spanned many aspects of philosophy, including aesthetics, political theory, philosophy of science, metaphysics, the nature of education, liturgy and ecclesiology.", "Q1675888": "Ivan Morozov (\u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u00f3\u0437\u043e\u0432, November 27, 1871 \u2013 July 21, 1921) was a Russian businessman and from 1907 to 1914, a major collector of avant-garde French art.\nAfter the Bolshevik Revolution, his art collection was nationalized and divided between the Pushkin Museum, Moscow, and the Hermitage Museum, Leningrad.\nMorozov's art collection has been jointly displayed with the collection of Sergei Shchukin. In 2008, the families of Morozov and Shchukin made efforts to compel Russia to provide them with \u201creasonable compensation,\u201d which become an international legal and political issue. The families refused an offer of \u00a35,000 to each family from the British Royal Academy in exchange for their promise not to make claims on the paintings while they were on loan to the Royal Academy for a special exhibition of the two collections in London.", "Q1734": "Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since Tokyo 1964.\nThe complete set of rules are extensive, but play essentially proceeds as follows: a player on one of the teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or arm), from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the receiving team's court. The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court. The team may touch the ball up to 3 times, but individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively. Typically, the first two touches are used to set up for an attack, an attempt to direct the ball back over the net in such a way that the serving team is unable to prevent it from being grounded in their court.\nThe rally continues, with each team allowed as many as three consecutive touches, until either (1): a team makes a kill, grounding the ball on the opponent's court and winning the rally; or (2): a team commits a fault and loses the rally. The team that wins the rally is awarded a point and serves the ball to start the next rally. A few of the most common faults include:\n\ncausing the ball to touch the ground or floor outside the opponents' court or without first passing over the net;\ncatching and throwing the ball;\ndouble hit: two consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same player;\nfour consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same team;\nnet foul: touching the net during play;\nfoot fault: the foot crosses over the boundary line when serving.The ball is usually played with the hands or arms, but players can legally strike or push (short contact) the ball with any part of the body.\nA number of consistent techniques have evolved in volleyball, including spiking and blocking (because these plays are made above the top of the net, the vertical jump is an athletic skill emphasized in the sport) as well as passing, setting, and specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures.", "Q86768": "Bel Air (or Bel-Air) is a neighborhood on the Westside of Los Angeles, California, in the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains. Founded in 1923, it is the home of The Hannah Carter Japanese Garden and the American Jewish University.", "Q441990": "Vanna Bonta (April 3, 1953 \u2013 July 8, 2014) was an Italian-American writer, actress, and inventor. She wrote Flight: A Quantum Fiction Novel. As an actress, Bonta played \"Zed's Queen\" in The Beastmaster. She performed primarily as a voice talent on a roster of feature films, such as Disney's Beauty and the Beast, as well as on television. Bonta invented the 2suit, a flight garment designed to facilitate sex in microgravity environments of outerspace. The spacesuit was featured on The Universe television series, which followed Bonta into zero gravity to film an episode titled Sex in Space that aired in 2009 on the History Channel.On 13 November 2013, a haiku by Bonta was one of 1,100 haiku launched from Cape Canaveral on the NASA spacecraft MAVEN to Mars.", "Q203720": "Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music. It dates back to the early 1950s in the United States, especially the South. As a genre it blends the sound of Western musical styles such as country with that of rhythm and blues, leading to what is considered \"classic\" rock and roll. Some have also described it as a blend of bluegrass with rock and roll. The term \"rockabilly\" itself is a portmanteau of \"rock\" (from \"rock 'n' roll\") and \"hillbilly\", the latter a reference to the country music (often called \"hillbilly music\" in the 1940s and 1950s) that contributed strongly to the style. Other important influences on rockabilly include western swing, boogie-woogie, jump blues, and electric blues.Defining features of the rockabilly sound included strong rhythms, vocal twangs, and common use of the tape echo; but progressive addition of different instruments and vocal harmonies led to its \"dilution\". Initially popularized by artists such as Wanda Jackson, Billy Adams, Johnny Cash, Bill Haley, Buddy Holly, Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Bob Luman, and Jerry Lee Lewis, the influence and success of the style waned in the late 1950s; nonetheless, during the late 1970s and early 1980s, rockabilly enjoyed a major revival. An interest in the genre endures even in the 21st century, often within a subculture. Rockabilly has left a legacy, spawning a variety of sub-styles and influencing other genres such as punk rock.", "Q1247373": "Harrow School () is an independent school for boys in Harrow, London, England. The School was founded in 1572 by John Lyon under a Royal Charter of Elizabeth I, and is one of the original seven public schools that were regulated by the Public Schools Act 1868. Harrow has three terms per academic year (2017/18). Harrow is the fourth most expensive boarding school in the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. Harrow's history and influence have made Harrow one of the most prestigious schools in the world. The school has an enrolment of 829 boys all of whom board full-time, in twelve boarding houses. It remains one of four all-boys, full-boarding schools in Britain, the others being Eton, Radley and Winchester. Harrow's uniform includes morning suits, straw boater hats, top hats and canes. Its alumni include eight former British or Indian Prime Ministers (including Peel, Palmerston, Baldwin, Churchill and Nehru), foreign politicians, former and current members of both houses of the UK Parliament, five kings and several other members of various royal families, three Nobel Prize winners, twenty Victoria Cross and one George Cross holders, and many figures in the arts and sciences.", "Q1861572": "Athera (born P\u00e5l Mathiesen on 14 August 1977) is a Norwegian musician, best known as the former vocalist of Susperia. He is the former vocalist for Chrome Division and a session live vocalist in Borknagar.\nIn 2009, Athera suffered a heart attack which resulted in major open heart surgery.", "Q458219": "Riitta Myller (born 12 July 1956 in Joensuu, North Karelia) is a Finnish politician and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP). She is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Finland, which is part of the Party of European Socialists, and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety.She was also a substitute for the Committee on Regional Development, a member of the delegation for relations with the Gulf States, including Yemen, and a substitute for the delegation to the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly.\nMyller was a member from January 1995 to July 2009.", "Q287420": "Hana Laszlo (Hebrew: \u05d7\u05e0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e1\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u200e; born 14 June 1953) is an Israeli actress and comedian. In 2005, she won a Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film Free Zone. She has also received four Ophir Award nominations.", "Q63082": "Princess Mathilde of Bavaria (Mathilde Marie Theresia Henriette Christine Luitpolda; 17 August 1877 \u2013 6 August 1906) was the sixth child of Ludwig III of Bavaria and his wife, Maria Theresa of Austria-Este. After her early death, Life-Dreams: The Poems of a Blighted Life, a collection of poems she wrote, was published in 1910.", "Q215142": "Prof. Dr. Ulrich Hans Walter (born February 9, 1954) is a German physicist/engineer and a former DFVLR astronaut.\nWalter was born in Iserlohn. After finishing secondary school there and two years in the Bundeswehr, he studied physics at the University of Cologne. In 1980, he was awarded a diploma degree, and five years later a doctorate, both in the field of solid-state physics.\nAfter two post-doc positions at the Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, Illinois, and the University of California at Berkeley, California, he was selected in 1987 to join the German astronaut team. From 1988 to 1990, he completed basic training at the German Aerospace Center, and was then nominated to be in the prime crew for the second German Spacelab mission.\nIn 1993, he flew on board the Space Shuttle Columbia on mission STS-55 (Spacelab D-2) as a Payload Specialist. He spent 9 days, 23 hours, and 40 minutes in space.\nAfter his spaceflight. he worked for another four years at DLR, managing a space imaging database project. When the German astronaut team was merged into a European Space Agency, he did not transfer, but resigned to work at IBM Germany.\nSince 2003, he has been a full professor at the Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (Munich, Germany), holding the chair of the Institute of Astronautics (space technology) at the University's faculty of mechanical engineering.\nHe is author of several books, and also does work as presenter of a popular science magazine shows, such as MaxQ on Bavarian TV.\nHe received an honorary doctorate from the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Ukraine (2012).\nHonorary Professor of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Ukraine.\nWalter is married, has two children, and lives near Munich, Germany.\n\n", "Q2923563": "Brahim Zniber (1920\u20132016) was a Moroccan businessman. Through Diana Holding, he was the founder and the owner of Celliers de Mekn\u00e8s, the largest wine producer in Morocco, and owned 85% of the country's wine production. From the 1970s onward, he expanded into fruit and poultry production, and Coca-Cola bottling plants.", "Q331786": "Kaj Leo Holm Johannesen (born 28 August 1964 in T\u00f3rshavn) is a Faroese politician. He was the prime minister of the Faroe Islands, representing the Faroese Unionist Party (Sambandsflokkurin). He took office, succeeding J\u00f3annes Eidesgaard on 26 September 2008 and left office on 15 September 2015, after his party and coalition with F\u00f3lkaflokkurin and Mi\u00f0flokkurin lost the general election on 1 September 2015. Johannesen is also a former international football player; he was goalkeeper for the Faroe Islands national football team.In the Faroese parliamentary elections, held on 29 October 2011 Kaj Leo Johannesen received 1979 personal votes. This is the largest number of personal votes ever given to a Faroese parliament candidate. He held this record until the general election 2015, when Aksel V. Johannesen received 2405 personal votes. At the same election Kaj Leo Johannesen received 603 personal votes.", "Q7345": "Daniel Gerhard Brown (born June 22, 1964) is an American author best known for his thriller novels, including the Robert Langdon novels Angels & Demons (2000), The Da Vinci Code (2003), The Lost Symbol (2009), Inferno (2013) and Origin (2017). His novels are treasure hunts that usually take place over a period of 24 hours. They feature recurring themes of cryptography, art, and conspiracy theories. His books have been translated into 57 languages and, as of 2012, have sold over 200 million copies. Three of them, Angels & Demons, The Da Vinci Code, and Inferno, have been adapted into films.\nThe Robert Langdon novels are deeply engaged with Christian themes and historical fact, and have generated controversy as a result. Brown states on his website that his books are not anti-Christian, though he is on a \"constant spiritual journey\" himself. He claims that his book The Da Vinci Code is simply \"an entertaining story that promotes spiritual discussion and debate\" and suggests that the book may be used \"as a positive catalyst for introspection and exploration of our faith.\"", "Q288713": "Gra\u017cyna Szapo\u0142owska (Polish pronunciation: [\u0261ra\u02c8\u0290\u0268na \u0282ap\u0254\u02c8w\u0254fska]; born 19 September 1953) is a Polish film and theatre actress.\n\n", "Q168887": "King Solomon's Mines is a 1937 British adventure film directed by Robert Stevenson and starring Paul Robeson, Cedric Hardwicke, Anna Lee, John Loder and Roland Young. The first of five film adaptations of the 1885 novel of the same name by Henry Rider Haggard, the film was produced by the Gaumont British Picture Corporation at Lime Grove Studios in Shepherd's Bush. Sets were designed by art director Alfred Junge. Although versions of King Solomon's Mines were released in 1950 and 1985, this film is considered to be the most faithful to the book.", "Q73291": "Will-Erich Peuckert (11 May 1895 \u2013 25 October 1969) was a German folklorist.", "Q1577799": "Hans-J\u00fcrgen \"J\u00e4cki\" Reznicek (born 29 November 1953) is a German bassist.", "Q15114": "Zurich Airport (German: Flughafen Z\u00fcrich, IATA: ZRH, ICAO: LSZH) is the largest international airport of Switzerland and the principal hub of Swiss International Air Lines. It serves Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland's largest city, and, with its surface transport links, much of the rest of the country. The airport is located 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of central Z\u00fcrich, in the municipalities of Kloten, R\u00fcmlang, Oberglatt, Winkel, and Opfikon, all of which are within the canton of Z\u00fcrich.In 2019, the airport received the World Travel Award in the category \"Europe's leading airport\" for the 17th time in a row. The Skytrax Award also ranks Zurich Airport among the top 10 airports in the world for millions of travellers each year.", "Q87476": "Gertrude Fr\u00f6hlich-Sandner (born 25 April 1926 in Vienna as Gertrude Kastner; died 13 June 2008 in Vienna) was an Austrian politician for the SP\u00d6 (Social Democratic Party of Austria).\nIn 1993 she became an honorary citizen of Vienna.", "Q2933770": "Caleb Gattegno (1911\u20131988) was one of the most influential and prolific mathematics educators of the twentieth century. He is best known for his innovative approaches to teaching and learning mathematics (Visible & Tangible Math), foreign languages (The Silent Way) and reading (Words in Color). He is also the inventor of pedagogical materials for each of these approaches, and the author of more than 120 books and hundreds of articles largely on the topics of education and human development.", "Q88023": "Erwin Carl\u00e9 (pseudonym Erwin Rosen ; * 7 June 1876 in Karlsruhe; \u2020 21 February 1923 in Hamburg) was a German author and journalist.\nCarl\u00e9 was enrolled in college in Munich. Being nothing but a prankster he had to terminate his studies. To save his family from this embarrassment he, 19 at the time, was sent to the United States. There he quickly learned to stand on his own two feet, taking on any job he could find. He worked as farmhand in Texas, apothecary, dishwasher, translator for the German Western Post in St. Louis, and as journalist in San Francisco. In 1898 he found himself as part of the US Army reporting on the battle of Signal Hill in Cuba. This stage of his life was documented in his novel Der deutsche Lausbub in Amerika which translates as \"The German prankster in America\".\nHaving returned to Germany and subsequently trying to escape a failed relationship with his \"jewel\" as he called her, he joined the French Foreign Legion. Signing his 5-year contract on October 6, 1905, he became Legionnaire 17889. After 2 years, he was able to escape and eventually published his experience as In the Foreign Legion (1910).", "Q1719952": "Karl-Johan Erling G\u00f6ran Persson (born 25 March 1975) is a Swedish billionaire businessman, the chief executive officer (CEO) and president of the fashion company Hennes & Mauritz (H&M), which was founded by his grandfather Erling Persson. As of May 2019, according to Forbes, he has a net worth of US$1.6 billion.", "Q166114": "Leslie Brooks (born Virginia Leslie Gettman, July 13, 1922 \u2013 July 1, 2011) was an American film actress, model and dancer.\nBorn in Lincoln, Nebraska, her parents brought her to Southern California at an early age, where around 1940 she started work as a photographic model. At the beginning of her showbiz career she appeared as Lorraine Gettman.As Leslie Brooks, she began appearing in movie bit roles for Columbia in 1941. Brooks started landing more sizable parts in such movies as Nine Girls (1944), Cover Girl (1944), and the lead in the film noir classic Blonde Ice (1948). She retired from films in 1949, but returned to make one last film in 1971.", "Q659815": "Sarn was a municipality in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Portein, Pr\u00e4z, Sarn, and Tartar merged into the municipality of Cazis.", "Q169227": "11-11-11 is a 2011 supernatural horror film written and directed by Darren Lynn Bousman. The film is set at 11:11 on the 11th day of the 11th month and concerns an entity from another world that enters the earthly realm through Heaven's 11th gate. The film was released in 17 theaters domestically on November 11, 2011. It was distributed by Epic Pictures Group in North America, though most of its revenues were generated from foreign showings.", "Q100291": "Stanislav Ledinek (26 June 1920 \u2013 30 March 1969) was a German film actor. He appeared in more than 90 films between 1953 and 1968. He died in Istanbul, Turkey.", "Q287346": "McKaley Nicole Miller (born May 14, 1996) is an American actress. She is best known for her recurring teenager roles as Dana Monohan on the ABC series The Gates in 2010 and as Rose Hattenbarger on The CW series Hart of Dixie from 2011 to 2015.", "Q383652": "Eddie and the Cruisers II: Eddie Lives! is the 1989 sequel to the 1983 cult film Eddie and the Cruisers. Despite being a failure at the box office, it has since joined its predecessor as a cult favorite. It is directed by Jean-Claude Lord, and based on literary characters created by author P. F. Kluge. Michael Par\u00e9 and Matthew Laurance reprise their roles as Eddie Wilson and Sal Amato, respectively. The film was marketed with the tagline \"The legend. The music. The man.\"\nDirector Lord and several members of the film's supporting cast (Marina Orsini, Vlasta Vr\u00e1na, and Mark Brennan) had previously worked together on the French-Canadian television series Lance et Compte. Additionally, cast members Harvey Atkin and Kate Lynch had earlier co-starred in the comedy film Meatballs (1979).", "Q2334801": "Shlomo Perlstein (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e8\u05dc\u05e9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05df\u200e, born 2 September 1902, died 19 April 1979) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset from 1951 until 1959, and again from 1961 until 1969.", "Q110082": "Heinrich Bretthorst (16 December 1883 in Rahden died 17 September 1962 in Leipzig) was a German politician (SPD / SED).", "Q3041869": "Dwain Lingenfelter (born February 27, 1949) is a businessman, farmer, politician and former Leader of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party. Lingenfelter won the leadership of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party on June 6, 2009. He resigned as leader on November 7, 2011. Previously, he has served as the president of the party. In previous NDP governments, Lingenfelter has served as Minister of Social Services, Minister of Economic Development, Minister responsible for Crown Investments Corporation, Minister of Agriculture and as the Deputy Premier. Outside politics Lingenfelter is the President and CEO of CypressView Land, past president of the Canada Arab Business Council, former Vice-President of Government Relation of Nexen Inc, former Chairman of the Mount Royal University Foundation and a former board member of the Nature Conservancy of Canada.", "Q1162163": "A director is a person from a group of managers who leads or supervises a particular area of a company. Companies that use this term often have many directors spread throughout different business functions or roles (e.g. director of human resources). The director usually reports directly to a vice president or to the CEO directly in order to let them know the progress of the organization. Large organizations also sometimes have assistant directors or deputy directors. Director commonly refers to the lowest level of executive in an organization, but many large companies use the title of associate director more frequently. An executive director is roughly equivalent to Vice President or Senior director in some businesses. Some companies also have regional directors and area directors. Regional directors are present in companies that are organized by location and have their departments under that. They are responsible for the operations for their particular country. Though directors are the first stage in the executive team, area directors are seen as higher up, based on their area of control.", "Q75186": "Paul Verner (26 April 1911 \u2013 12 December 1986) was a German communist politician. He joined the communist movement at a young age and went into exile during Hitler's rule. Verner became a prominent political personality in the German Democratic Republic after the war.", "Q2644863": "Sir Alfred Dent, (12 December 1844 \u2013 23 November 1927) was a British colonial merchant and entrepreneur. He was a founder of the British North Borneo Company.", "Q544624": "Luluk Purwanto or Purwanto (born 25 June 1959) is an Indonesian jazz violinist who extends the violin's sound with her voice. She has recorded since the 1980s. She has lived in the Netherlands and in Germany.", "Q337491": "Nasrat Parsa (Persian: \u0646\u0635\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u200e, February 22, 1968 \u2013 May 8, 2005) was a popular Afghan singer. Up until his murder, he continued his music in exile from Hamburg, Germany, occasionally touring other countries.\n\n", "Q694873": "Camouflage is a German synth-pop trio consisting of lead singer Marcus Meyn (b. May 2, 1966), Heiko Maile and Oliver Kreyssig. Their only Billboard Hot 100 hit was \"The Great Commandment\", which earned No. 59 place in 1988, and earned three weeks at No. 1 on the US dance chart. They also had two additional minor dance hits in 1989.", "Q733400": "Gerry and the Pacemakers were an English beat group prominent in the 1960s Merseybeat scene. In common with the Beatles, they came from Liverpool, were managed by Brian Epstein, and were recorded by George Martin.They are most remembered for being the first act to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart with their first three single releases: \"How Do You Do It?\", \"I Like It\" and \"You'll Never Walk Alone\". This record was not equalled for 20 years, until the mid-1980s success of fellow Liverpool band Frankie Goes to Hollywood. Another of their most famous songs, \"Ferry Cross the Mersey\", refers to the River Mersey that flows through Liverpool.", "Q583409": "Edmund James \"Ted\" Banfield (4 September 1852 \u2013 2 June 1923) was an author and naturalist in Queensland, Australia. He is best known for his book Confessions of a Beachcomber. His grave on Dunk Island is listed on the Queensland Heritage Register.", "Q164703": "Ludv\u00edk Kuba (April 16, 1863 in Pod\u011bbrady, Bohemia \u2013 November 30, 1956 in Prague) was a Czech landscape painter, musician, writer, professor in the Academy of Fine Arts. He was a representative of the Late-Impressionism and he collected folk traditions.", "Q3320585": "Simon Ove Christian Ogilvie Spies (1 September 1921 \u2013 16 April 1984) was a famous Danish tycoon, best known for founding the charter airline Spies Rejser, and its airway company Conair of Scandinavia. Spies Rejser is today owned by Petter Stordalen.\nSpies Rejser was opened in 1956 and would soon become a huge success along with the competitor Tj\u00e6reborg. In the beginning they arranged cheap bus/boattrips to Majorca, but later (in the early 1960s) Spies bought the bankrupt Danish charter operator Flying Enterprise and formed his own airline, Conair of Scandinavia.\nSimon Spies was known for his provocative views and flamboyant lifestyle. He was famous for employing at his private residence so-called morgenbolledamer, or morning fuck ladies / morning bun ladies, using the pun that \"bolle\" means both \"fuck\" and \"bun\".\nWhen going to the theatre he would usually buy three tickets, leaving one seat for his cane and one for his dog Archibald.\nOn 11 May 1983, he married Janni Brodersen, who inherited his companies when he died less than a year later. In 2013, a movie about his career was made.", "Q41223": "Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (; Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0301\u043a, IPA: [b\u0250\u02c8r\u02b2is l\u02b2\u026a\u0250\u02c8n\u02b2id\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 p\u0259st\u0268r\u02c8nak]; 10 February [O.S. 29 January] 1890 \u2013 30 May 1960) was a Russian poet, novelist, and literary translator. Composed in 1917, Pasternak's first book of poems, My Sister, Life, was published in Berlin in 1922 and soon became an important collection in the Russian language. Pasternak's translations of stage plays by Goethe, Schiller, Calder\u00f3n de la Barca and Shakespeare remain very popular with Russian audiences.\nPasternak is the author of Doctor Zhivago (1957), a novel that takes place between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the Second World War. Doctor Zhivago was rejected for publication in the USSR, but the manuscript was smuggled to Italy for publication. Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1958, an event that enraged the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which forced him to decline the prize, though his descendants were able to accept it in his name in 1988. Doctor Zhivago has been part of the main Russian school curriculum since 2003.\n\n", "Q1631774": "Asian Man Records is a DIY record label run by Mike Park in Monte Sereno, California. Park started a record label and began releasing music in 1989 under the name Dill Records, with the Asian Man label established May 1996.", "Q7364630": "Ronald George Hinings Adams (31 December 1896 \u2013 28 March 1979), known professionally as Ronald Adam, was a British officer of the RFC and RAF, an actor on stage and screen, and a successful theatre manager.", "Q217033": "Ernestine Jane Geraldine Russell (June 21, 1921 \u2013 February 28, 2011) was an American film actress and one of Hollywood's leading sex symbols in the 1940s and 1950s.\nRussell moved from the Midwestern United States to California, where she had her first film role in 1943 in Howard Hughes' The Outlaw. In 1947, Russell delved into music before returning to films. After starring in several films in the 1950s, including Gentlemen Prefer Blondes in 1953, Russell again returned to music while completing several other films in the 1960s. She starred in more than 20 films throughout her career.\nRussell married three times, adopted three children, and in 1955 founded Waif, the first international adoption program. She received several accolades for her achievements in films, including having her hand and footprints immortalized in the forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre, and having a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q132545": "Henry II (French: Henri II; 31 March 1519 \u2013 10 July 1559) was King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559. The second son of Francis I, he became Dauphin of France upon the death of his elder brother Francis III, Duke of Brittany, in 1536.\nAs a child, Henry and his elder brother spent over four years in captivity in Spain as hostages in exchange for their father. Henry pursued his father's policies in matters of art, war, and religion. He persevered in the Italian Wars against the House of Habsburg and tried to suppress the Protestant Reformation, even as the Huguenot numbers were increasing drastically in France during his reign.\nThe Treaty of Cateau-Cambr\u00e9sis (1559), which put an end to the Italian Wars, had mixed results: France renounced its claims to territories in Italy, but gained certain other territories, including the Pale of Calais and the Three Bishoprics. In addition, even if the Habsburgs maintained a position of primacy, France managed to change the European balance of power by forcing Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to abdicate during the Eighth Italian War and divide the Habsburg Empire between\nSpain and Austria.\nHenry suffered an untimely death in a jousting tournament held to celebrate the Peace of Cateau-Cambr\u00e9sis. The king's surgeon, Ambroise Par\u00e9, was unable to cure the infected wound inflicted by Gabriel de Montgomery, the captain of his Scottish Guard. He was succeeded in turn by three of his sons, whose ineffective reigns helped to spark the French Wars of Religion between Protestants and Catholics.", "Q66844": "Lamboing is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).\nThe proposed merger of the municipalities of Diesse, Lamboing, Nods and Pr\u00eales into the new municipality of Le Plateau de Diesse was rejected by voters. However, on 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Lamboing, Diesse and Pr\u00eales merged into the new municipality of Plateau de Diesse.", "Q625510": "Indology or Indian studies is the academic study of the history and cultures, languages, and literature of India and as such is a subset of Asian studies.The term Indology (in German) Indologie is often associated with German scholarship, and is used more commonly in departmental titles in German and continental European universities than in the anglophone academy. In the Netherlands the term Indologie was used to designate the study of Indian history and culture in preparation for colonial service in the Dutch East Indies.\nSpecifically, Indology includes the study of Sanskrit literature and Hinduism along with the other Indian religions, Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and P\u0101li literature.\nDravidology is the separate branch dedicated to the Dravidian languages of South India. Hindu texts in Dravidian languages are considered disciplines in Indology.\nSome scholars distinguish Classical Indology from Modern Indology, the former more focussed on Sanskrit and other ancient language sources, the latter on contemporary India, its politics and sociology.", "Q77791": "Bodo Hombach (born 19 August 1952) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).", "Q592504": "Sergey Pavlovich Zalygin (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0433\u0438\u043d; December 6, 1913 in Durasovka, Ufa Governorate, Russian Empire \u2013 April 19, 2000 in Moscow) was a Soviet writer, novelist.\nHe was the first non-Communist Party editor-in-chief of the monthly literary magazine Novy Mir (1986\u20131988). Zalygin was also an academician of the Section of Humanities and Social Sciences (since December 7, 1991).\nZalygin was widely known as an environmentalist, and a prominent critic of the Siberian Rivers Rerouting Project. In 1987, his short novel Povorot (The Turn) criticizing this government's project was published in Novy MirRussian writer Vladimir Voinovich remembered that Zalygin had refused to publish Voinovich's stories even in the earlier perestroika time concluding that \u201cthe country has largely retreated to its past, because during perestroika it was \u2018rebuilt\u2019 by such conformists as Zalygin.\u201d", "Q5434357": "Fantasy television is a genre of television programming featuring elements of the fantastic, often including magic, supernatural forces, or exotic fantasy worlds. Fantasy television programs are often based on tales from mythology and folklore, or are adapted from fantasy stories in other media. The boundaries of fantasy television often overlap with science fiction and horror but also realistic fiction", "Q4740021": "Amar Latif (born 4 December 1974) is a blind British entrepreneur, television presenter, actor, director, motivational speaker and world traveller. His blindness is due to the incurable eye condition retinitis pigmentosa. By the age of 18, he had 95% sight loss.\n\n", "Q996499": "Farkasr\u00e9ti Cemetery or Farkasr\u00e9t Cemetery (Hungarian: Farkasr\u00e9ti temet\u0151) is one of the most famous cemeteries in Budapest. It opened in 1894 and is noted for its extensive views of the city (several people wanted it more to be a resort area than a cemetery).\nIt comprises tombs of numerous Hungarian notables and it is the most preferred burial place among actors, actresses and other artists (opera singers, musicians, painters, sculptors, architects, writers, poets). The cemetery is also home to the tombs of several scientists, academicians and athletes.\nGraves are often decorated with noteworthy sculptures. It was provided with parks in the 1950s, when it took on its present appearance and extent. The mortuary hall and the new chapel were built in the 1980s to the plans of Imre Makovecz.\nIn the Communist era, funerals were restricted in Kerepesi Cemetery, so it became the main cemetery for those who couldn't get one.\nIt is located in Buda (the Western part of Budapest), approximately 3 km away from the downtown.\nThe oldest grave that is still located in its original place is that of the mechanical engineer Ferenc Cathry Szal\u00e9z, the designer of the Rack railway in Budapest and the original M\u00e1ria Val\u00e9ria bridge in Esztergom.", "Q172161": "Joseph Reinach (30 September 1856 \u2013 18 April 1921) was a French author and politician.\n\n", "Q1775644": "Jean-Pierre Martins (born 29 October 1971) is a French actor and musician. He is known for playing the French boxer Marcel Cerdan in La Vie en rose (2007).", "Q387434": "Matthew Gregory Wise (born 15 May 1966) is an English actor and producer. He has appeared in many British television works, as well as several feature films. He played the role of John Willoughby in Sense and Sensibility, which also starred Emma Thompson, whom he later married.", "Q4986245": "Bugs Bunny's Howl-oween Special is a Looney Tunes Halloween television special which premiered on CBS October 26, 1977.The show includes the complete cartoon A-Haunting We Will Go featuring Daffy Duck and Speedy Gonzales, and clips from eight other cartoons.", "Q542": "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race walking.\nThe results of racing events are decided by finishing position (or time, where measured), while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts. The simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need for expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world. Athletics is mostly an individual sport, with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes' performances for a team score, such as cross country.\nOrganized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC. The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century, and were then spread to other parts of the world. Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics, the global governing body for the sport of athletics, or its member continental and national federations.\nThe athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics. The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships, which incorporates track and field, marathon running and race walking. Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships. Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships.\nThe word athletics is derived from the Ancient Greek \u1f00\u03b8\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 (athl\u0113t\u0113s, \"combatant in public games\") from \u1f06\u03b8\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd (athlon, \"prize\") or \u1f06\u03b8\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 (athlos, \"competition\"). Initially, the term described athletic contests in general \u2013 i.e. sporting competition based primarily on human physical feats. In the 19th century, the term athletics acquired a more narrow definition in Europe and came to describe sports involving competitive running, walking, jumping and throwing. This definition continues to be prominent in the United Kingdom and the former British Empire. Related words in Germanic and Romance languages also have a similar meaning.\nIn much of North America, athletics is synonymous with sports in general, maintaining the historical usage of the term. The word \"athletics\" is rarely used to refer to the sport of athletics in this region. Track and field is preferred, and is used in the United States and Canada to refer to athletics events, including racewalking and marathon running (although cross country running is typically considered a separate sport).", "Q123448": "Christian Frederick Boerner (6 November 1683 \u2013 19 November 1753), professor of theology at Leipzig. Boerner was born in Dresden, and lived most of his life in Leipzig. Boerner had two sons, Christian Frederic, and Frederic (\u2020 1761), who were both physicians.Boerner published, from 1728 to 1734, a complete edition of the works of Luther in 22 volumes. He published in 1709 an edition of Le Long's Bibliotheca Sacra at Antwerp in two volumes, with corrections and additions. In 1705 Boerner possessed the manuscript of the New Testament, which is known as Codex Boernerianus.", "Q122965": "Erich Anton Paul von D\u00e4niken (; German: [\u02c8e\u02d0r\u026a\u00e7 f\u0254n \u02c8d\u025b\u02d0n\u026ak\u0259n]; born 14 April 1935) is a Swiss author of several books which make claims about extraterrestrial influences on early human culture, including the best-selling Chariots of the Gods?, published in 1968. Von D\u00e4niken is one of the main figures responsible for popularizing the \"paleo-contact\" and ancient astronauts hypotheses. \nThe ideas put forth in his books are rejected by a majority of scientists and academics, who categorize his work as pseudohistory, pseudoarchaeology, and pseudoscience. Early in his career, he was convicted and served time for several counts of fraud or embezzlement, and wrote one of his books in prison.\nVon D\u00e4niken later became a co-founder of the Archaeology, Astronautics and SETI Research Association (AAS RA). He designed Mystery Park (now known as Jungfrau Park), a theme park located in Interlaken, Switzerland, that opened in May 2003.", "Q1919436": "Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or p\u00e6diatrics) is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people be under pediatric care up to the age of 21 (though usually only minors are required to be under pediatric care). A medical doctor who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician, or paediatrician. The word pediatrics and its cognates mean \"healer of children\"; they derive from two Greek words: \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 (pais \"child\") and \u1f30\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 (iatros \"doctor, healer\"). Pediatricians work both in hospitals, particularly those working in its subspecialties such as neonatology, and as outpatient primary care physicians.", "Q60206": "Ariel Sharon (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05b2\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc \u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05df; IPA: [a\u0281i\u02c8(\u0294)el \u0283a\u02c8\u0281on] (listen), Ari\u02bc\u0113l Shar\u014dn, also known by his diminutive Arik, \u05d0\u05b8\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7, born Ariel Scheinermann, \u05d0\u05b2\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc \u05e9\u05b7\u05c1\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05b6\u05e8\u05b0\u05de\u05b8\u05df; 26 February 1928 \u2013 11 January 2014) was an Israeli general and politician who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006.Sharon was a commander in the Israeli Army from its creation in 1948. As a soldier and then an officer, he participated prominently in the 1948 Palestine war, becoming a platoon commander in the Alexandroni Brigade and taking part in many battles, including Operation Bin Nun Alef. He was an instrumental figure in the creation of Unit 101 and the reprisal operations, as well as in the 1956 Suez Crisis, the Six-Day War of 1967, the War of Attrition, and the Yom-Kippur War of 1973. Yitzhak Rabin has called Sharon \"the greatest field commander in our history\".Upon retirement from the military, Sharon entered politics, joining the Likud party, and served in a number of ministerial posts in Likud-led governments in 1977\u201392 and 1996\u201399. As Minister of Defense, he directed the 1982 Lebanon War. An official enquiry found that he bore \"personal responsibility\" for the Sabra and Shatila massacre and recommended that he be removed as Defense Minister. His role in the massacre led to him being known as the \"Butcher of Beirut\" among Arabs.From the 1970s through to the 1990s, Sharon championed construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. He became the leader of the Likud in 2000, and served as Israel's prime minister from 2001 to 2006. However, as Prime Minister, in 2004\u201305 Sharon orchestrated Israel's unilateral disengagement from the Gaza Strip. Facing stiff opposition to this policy within the Likud, in November 2005 he left Likud to form a new party, Kadima. He had been expected to win the next election and was widely interpreted as planning on \"clearing Israel out of most of the West Bank\", in a series of unilateral withdrawals. After suffering a stroke on 4 January 2006, Sharon remained in a permanent vegetative state until his death in January 2014.", "Q354687": "Inukai Tsuyoshi (\u72ac\u990a \u6bc5, 4 June 1855 \u2013 15 May 1932) was a Japanese politician, cabinet minister, and Prime Minister of Japan from 1931 to his assassination in 1932. Inukai is Japan's oldest prime minister while serving as he was aged 76 on the last day of his tenure.", "Q58799": "Wolfgang Borchert (German: [\u02c8b\u0254\u0250\u032f\u00e7\u0250t]; 20 May 1921 \u2013 20 November 1947) was a German author and playwright whose work was strongly influenced by his experience of dictatorship and his service in the Wehrmacht during the Second World War. His work is among the best-known examples of the Tr\u00fcmmerliteratur movement in post-World War II Germany. His most famous work is the drama \"Drau\u00dfen vor der T\u00fcr (The Man Outside)\", which he wrote soon after the end of World War II. His works are known not to make compromises on the issues of humanity and humanism. He is one of the most popular authors of the German postwar period; his work continues to be studied regularly in German schools.", "Q2476128": "Shams al-Din Ildeniz, Eldig\u00fcz or Shamseddin Eldeniz (Persian: \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06a9 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u200c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0644\u062f\u06af\u0632\u200e, died c. 1175\u20131176) was an atabeg of the Seljuq empire and founder of the dynasty of Eldiguzids, atabegs of Azerbaijan, which held sway over Caucasian Albania, Iranian Azerbaijan, and most of northwestern Persia from the second half of the 12th century to the early decades of the 13th.\nA Kipchak by origin, he was formerly a freedman of Seljuq sultan Mehmed I's (1118-1131) vizier Kamal Din al-Simirumi and attained to the post of governor of Arran under sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud (1134\u20131152). His rise as the most powerful peripheral emirs of the Seljuq empire was aided by the necessity of having a large army against the frequent incursions from the neighboring Kingdom of Georgia. He made himself virtually independent ruler of Azerbaijan by 1146. His marriage with Mu'mine Khatun, the widow of Sultan Toghrul II (1132\u20131133; Masud's brother and predecessor) afforded him to intervene in the dynastic strife which erupted upon Mas'ud's death in 1152. He succeeded, in 1160, in deposing Sulayman Shah and installing his stepson Arslan b. Toghrul (1160\u20131175) as sultan. Conferred with the rank of atabek, Ildeniz now became a chief protector of the sultan's authority.\nIldeniz then arranged a marriage between his son Pahlawan and the daughter of Inanch, amir of Rey, in order to secure the allegiance of this powerful dynasty. Later Inanch allied himself with the amirs of Fars and Qazvin and attempted to depose Arslan in favor of his brother Muhammad. Ildeniz met the renegades on a battlefield and won a victory, but Inanch escaped to Rey. Ildeniz then marched to Isfahan and forced the atabek of Fars, Zangi, into submission. Soon he proceeded northward to recover the city of Dvin from the Georgian attack in 1162. A coalition of Muslim rulers led by Ildeniz defeated the Georgian king Giorgi III and forced him to withdraw into his possessions. Back at Hamadan, he had to deal with another invasion \u2013 this time by the Khwarezmians who planned to annex Khorasan. The Khwarezminas avoided the confrontation and retreated in the face of the advancing army of Ildeniz. Their ally Inanch was murdered at the request of Ildeniz in 1169. It was not, however, until the death of the Khwarazmshah Il-Arslan in 1172, when the threats on this sector were finally eliminated.\nBy the time of his death around 1175\u20131176, Ildeniz was arguably the undisputed de facto master of many parts of the already fragmentized Great Seljuq Empire, centered on Iraq. He was buried at Hamadan, at a madrasa which he had founded. He was succeeded by his sons Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan and Qizil Arslan.", "Q709763": "Anthony James Franklin (born 2 April 1962) is an English rock musician, best known for his work on the fretless bass guitar with Roy Harper, The Firm, Jimmy Page, Paul Rodgers, John Sykes' Blue Murder, David Gilmour, Kate Bush, Whitesnake, and most recently with Kenny Wayne Shepherd.", "Q6944782": "My-Otome Zwei (\u821e-\u4e59HiME Zwei) is a Japanese OVA anime series, created by Sunrise. Directed by Masakazu Obara and written by Hiroyuki Yoshino, it consists of four episodes, which were released across three-month intervals and is the sequel to the original My-Otome anime series. It is published in Japan by Bandai Visual and North America initially by Bandai Entertainment. At Otakon 2013, Funimation Entertainment had announced that they have rescued My-Otome Zwei, along with a handful of other former BEI titles. They also announced at the 2017 New York Comic Con that they will release My-HiMe, My-Otome, and a My-Otome Zwei + My-Otome 0: S.ifr pack, all on Blu-Ray + DVD combo packs on January 8, 2018. They will start pre-orders on October 15, 2017.Similar to its predecessors My-HiME and My-Otome, the title is a pun, which derives from the visual similarity of the Latin letter \"Z\" (from the German word zwei \"two\") to the kanji \"\u4e59\", the first of the two characters in the word \u4e59\u5973 otome \"maiden\". On the logo, the two similar glyphs are shown superimposed on one another.", "Q240180": "Jaime Murray (born 21 July 1976) is an English actress, known for playing Stacie Monroe in the BBC series Hustle (2004\u20132012), Lila West in the Showtime series Dexter (2007), Gaia in the Starz miniseries Spartacus: Gods of the Arena (2011), Olivia Charles in The CW series Ringer (2011\u20132012), Helena G. Wells in the Syfy series Warehouse 13 (2010\u20132014), Stahma Tarr in the Syfy series Defiance (2013\u20132015), Fiona/the Black Fairy in the ABC series Once Upon a Time (2016\u20132017), Antoinette in The CW series The Originals (2018), and Nyssa al Ghul in Gotham.", "Q3814019": "Manuel Salvat Dalmau (October 4, 1925 in Barcelona, Catalunya \u2013 September 11, 2012) was a Spanish publisher. From a family of important publishing tradition, he directed the Editorial Salvat and served as President of the International Publishers Association.", "Q16390": "Humphrey DeForest Bogart (; December 25, 1899 \u2013 January 14, 1957) was an American film and stage actor. His performances in Classical Hollywood cinema films made him an American cultural icon. In 1999, the American Film Institute selected Bogart as the greatest male star of classic American cinema.Bogart began acting in Broadway shows, beginning his career in motion pictures with Up the River (1930) for Fox. Bogart appeared in supporting roles for the next decade, sometimes portraying gangsters. Bogart was praised for his work as Duke Mantee in The Petrified Forest (1936), but remained secondary to other actors Warner Bros. cast in lead roles.\nHis breakthrough from supporting roles to stardom came with High Sierra (1941, his last gangster role) and The Maltese Falcon (1941), considered one of the first great noir films. Bogart's private detectives, Sam Spade (in The Maltese Falcon) and Phillip Marlowe (in 1946's The Big Sleep), became the models for detectives in other noir films. His most significant romantic lead role was with Ingrid Bergman in Casablanca (1942), and he received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. Bogart and 19-year-old Lauren Bacall fell in love when they filmed To Have and Have Not (1944); soon after the main filming for The Big Sleep (1946, their second film together), he filed for divorce from his third wife and married Bacall. After their marriage, she played his love interest in Dark Passage (1947) and Key Largo (1948).\nBogart's performances in The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948) and In a Lonely Place (1950) are now considered among his best, although they were not recognized as such when the films were released. He reprised those unsettled, unstable characters as a World War II naval-vessel commander in The Caine Mutiny (1954), which was a critical and commercial hit and earned him another Best Actor nomination. As a cantankerous river steam launch skipper with Katharine Hepburn's missionary in the World War I adventure The African Queen (1951), Bogart received the Academy Award for Best Actor. In his later years, significant roles included The Barefoot Contessa with Ava Gardner and his on-screen competition with William Holden for Audrey Hepburn in Sabrina (1954). A heavy smoker and drinker, Bogart died from esophageal cancer in January 1957.", "Q276432": "Blanca Li, originally Blanca Mar\u00eda Guti\u00e9rrez Ortiz (born January 12, 1964, in Granada, Spain) is a choreographer, film director, dancer and actress.\nShe has created choreographies for the Paris Opera Ballet, The Berlin Ballet, the Metropolitan Opera, for filmmakers like Pedro Almod\u00f3var and Michel Gondry or for musical artists like Beyonc\u00e9, Daft Punk (\"Around the World\" ), Paul McCartney, Kanye West and Coldplay, among others. Whether performance, opera, musical, museum installation, event, music video or feature film, she initiates and realizes a great number of projects : \"I like to give life to all that\u2019s in my brain\". Never restricted to one style, she gets her inspiration from a broad spectrum of physical forms of expression (from flamenco to classical ballet and hip-hop).\n\n", "Q435744": "Florian Schneider-Esleben (born 7 April 1947) is a German musician best known as one of the founding members of the electronic music group Kraftwerk, taking his role with the band until his departure in November 2008.", "Q201862": "Barbara \"Elizabeth\" Linington (March 11, 1921 \u2013 April 5, 1988) was an American novelist and mystery writer. She was one of the first women to write in the style of a police procedural.", "Q173294": "Michael \"Mike\" Gascoyne (born 2 April 1963) is a British Formula One designer and engineer.\nGascoyne has worked for numerous Grand Prix teams including McLaren, Sauber, Tyrrell, Jordan, Renault, Toyota, Spyker (later known as Force India) and in September 2009 with a confirmed entry by the FIA Gascoyne supported, by the shareholders Tony Fernandes, Din Kamarudin and SM Nasarudin set up the then called Lotus Racing Team, that would later become the Caterham F1 Team.", "Q68882": "Theodor Gotthilf Leutwein (9 May 1849 \u2013 13 April 1921) was colonial administrator of German Southwest Africa from 1894 to 1904 (as commander of it`s Schutztruppe, and from 1898, governor).", "Q388934": "After Dark, My Sweet is a 1990 American neo-noir crime thriller film directed by James Foley and starring Jason Patric, Bruce Dern, and Rachel Ward. It is based on the 1955 Jim Thompson novel of the same name.\n\n", "Q2149885": "Richard James Burgess (born 29 June 1949) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, composer, author, manager, marketer and inventor.\nBurgess's music career spans more than 40 years. He came to prominence in the early 1980s as co-founder and co-lead singer of the synthpop band Landscape, which released a top 10 hit in 1981 with the single \"Einstein a Go-Go\". Burgess is one of the main composers of Landscape's music, and made major lyrical contributions to the band's songs. After the band's break-up, he pursued a brief, moderately successful solo career releasing one mini-album, Richard James Burgess in 1984.\nHe launched his career as a producer with Spandau Ballet's debut UK hit \"To Cut a Long Story Short\", the first commercial success for the hitherto underground New Romantic movement.Burgess currently serves as the CEO of A2IM: American Association of Independent Music.", "Q289380": "Brit Heyworth Marling (born August 7, 1982) is an American actress and screenwriter. She rose to prominence after starring in several films that premiered at the Sundance Film Festival, including Sound of My Voice (2011), Another Earth (2011), and The East (2013), which she co-wrote in addition to playing the lead role. She co-created, wrote, and starred in the Netflix series The OA, which debuted in 2016.", "Q157322": "Romain Gary (pronounced [\u0281\u0254.m\u025b\u0303 ga.\u0281i]; 21 May [O.S. 8 May] 1914 \u2013 2 December 1980), born Roman Kacew (also known by the pen name \u00c9mile Ajar), was a French novelist, diplomat, film director, and World War II aviator of Jewish origin. He is the only author to have won the Prix Goncourt under two names.\n\n", "Q330315": "Syed Javed Ahmed Jaffrey (born 4 December 1963) is an Indian actor, voice actor, dancer, comedian, impressionist known for his work in several Bollywood films and Indian television shows. His father is the famous comedian Jagdeep. He joined the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) in March, 2014 and contested in the 2014 Indian general election from the Lucknow constituency only to finish 5th.", "Q62411": "Josias von Heeringen (9 March 1850 \u2013 9 October 1926) was a German general of the imperial era who saw service in the First World War.\n\n", "Q14587": "Dagmersellen is a municipality in the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.\nOn 1 January 2006, the former municipalities of Buchs and Uffikon were merged into Dagmersellen, causing a one-third increase in its population and a marked increase in its territorial area.", "Q193406": "Pocahontas (US: , UK: ; born Matoaka, known as Amonute, c. 1596 \u2013 March 1617) was a Native American woman notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. She was the daughter of Powhatan, the paramount chief of a network of tributary tribes in the Tsenacommacah, encompassing the Tidewater region of Virginia. \nPocahontas was captured and held for ransom by the Colonists during hostilities in 1613. During her captivity, she was encouraged to convert to Christianity and was baptized under the name Rebecca. She married tobacco planter John Rolfe in April 1614 at age 17, and she bore their son Thomas Rolfe in January 1615.In 1616, the Rolfes travelled to London where Pocahontas was presented to English society as an example of the \"civilized savage\" in hopes of stimulating investment in the Jamestown settlement. She became something of a celebrity, was elegantly f\u00eated, and attended a masque at Whitehall Palace. In 1617, the Rolfes set sail for Virginia, but Pocahontas died at Gravesend of unknown causes, aged 20 or 21. She was buried in St George's Church, Gravesend, in England, but her grave's exact location is unknown because the church was rebuilt after a fire destroyed it.Numerous places, landmarks, and products in the United States have been named after Pocahontas. Her story has been romanticized over the years, with some aspects discovered to likely be fictional. Many of the stories told about her by John Smith have been contested by her documented descendants. She is a subject of art, literature, and film, and many famous people have claimed to be among her descendants through her son, including members of the First Families of Virginia, First Lady Edith Wilson, American Western actor Glenn Strange, Las Vegas performer Wayne Newton, and astronomer Percival Lowell.", "Q15699": "Le\u00f3n (UK: , US: ; Spanish: [le\u02c8on]; Leonese: Lli\u00f3n [\u028ei\u02c8o\u014b]) is the capital of the province of Le\u00f3n, located in the northwest of Spain. Its city population of 127,817 (2015) makes it the largest municipality in the province, accounting for more than one quarter of the province's population. Including the metropolitan area, the population is estimated at 202,793 (2015).\nFounded as the military encampment of the Legio VI Victrix around 29 BC, its standing as an encampment city was consolidated with the definitive settlement of the Legio VII Gemina from 74 AD. Following its partial depopulation due to the Umayyad conquest of the peninsula. 910 saw the beginning of one its most prominent historical periods, when it became the capital of the Kingdom of Le\u00f3n, which took active part in the Reconquista against the Moors, and came to be one of the fundamental kingdoms of medieval Spain.\nIn 1188, the city hosted the first Parliament in European history under the reign of Alfonso IX, due to which it was named in 2010, by the professor John Keane, the King of Spain and the Junta of Castile and Le\u00f3n, as the cradle of Parliamentarism, and the Decreta of Le\u00f3n were included in the Memory of the World register by UNESCO in 2013. The city's prominence began to decline in the early Middle Ages, partly due to the loss of independence after the union of the Leonese kingdom with the Crown of Castile, consolidated in 1301.\nAfter a period of stagnation during the early modern age, it was one of the first cities to hold an uprising in the Spanish War of Independence, and some years later, in 1833 acquired the status of provincial capital. The end of the 19th and the 20th century saw a significant acceleration in the rate of urban expansion, when the city became an important communications hub of the northwest due to the rise of the coal mining industry and the arrival of the railroad.\nLe\u00f3n's historical and architectural heritage, as well as the numerous festivals hosted throughout the year (particularly noteworthy are the Easter processions) and its location on the French Way of the Camino de Santiago, which is ranked as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, make it a destination of both domestic and international tourism. Some of the city's most prominent historical buildings are the Cathedral, one of the finest examples of French-style classic Gothic architecture in Spain, the Basilica of San Isidoro, one of the most important Romanesque churches in Spain and resting place of Le\u00f3n's medieval monarchs, the Monastery of San Marcos, an example of plateresque and Renaissance Spanish architecture, and the Casa Botines, a Modernist creation of the architect Antoni Gaud\u00ed. An example of modern architecture is the city's Museum of Contemporary Art or MUSAC.", "Q321218": "Jos\u00e9 Luciano de Castro Pereira Corte-Real (December 14, 1834 \u2013 March 9, 1914) was a Portuguese politician who served three times as Prime Minister of Portugal. He was one of the founders of the Progressist Party, of which he was the leader from the time of Anselmo Jos\u00e9 Braamcamp's death in 1885, onward.\nCastro was the head of government during the Pink Map crisis and the subsequent 1890 British Ultimatum. The crisis was one of the factors that proved decisive in the fall of the Portuguese constitutional monarchy on 5 October 1910.", "Q438260": "Hoda Barakat (Arabic: \u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u200e) (born 1952) is a Lebanese novelist. Barakat lived much of her life in Beirut and later moved to Paris, where she now resides. A theme often explored in her works is trauma and war, with all three of her novels being narrated by men living in the margins of society in the Lebanese civil war. Her works are originally written in Arabic and have been translated into many languages, including English, Hebrew, French, Italian, Spanish, Turkish, Dutch, and Greek.", "Q6168364": "Jazz guitarists are guitarists who play jazz using an approach to chords, melodies, and improvised solo lines which is called jazz guitar playing. The guitar has fulfilled the roles of accompanist (rhythm guitar) and soloist in small and large ensembles and also as an unaccompanied solo instrument.\nUntil the 1930s, jazz bands used banjo because the banjo's metallic twang was easier to hear than the acoustic guitar when competing with trumpets, trombones, and drums. The banjo could be heard more easily, too, on wax cylinders in the early days of audio recording. The invention of the archtop increased the guitar's volume, and in the hands of Eddie Lang guitar became a solo instrument for the first time. Following the lead of Lang, musicians dropped their banjos for guitars, and by the 1930s the banjo hardly existed as a jazz instrument. \nAmplification created possibilities for the guitar. Charlie Christian was the first to explore these possibilities. Although his career was brief, it was influential enough for critics to divide the history of jazz guitar into pre- and post-Christian eras.", "Q107515": "Uta Zapf (born 14 August 1941 in Liegnitz, Province of Lower Silesia) is a German politician and member of the Bundestag (SPD).\nSince 1998, she has been the chairperson of the subcommittee for \"Disarmament, Arms Control, and Nonproliferation\" of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the German Bundestag.", "Q722280": "Jasper Becker (born 1956) is a British author, commentator and journalist who has spent two decades as a foreign correspondent mostly in China.", "Q1902016": "Marlborough College is an independent boarding and day school in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. Founded in 1843 for the sons of Church of England clergy, it is now co-educational. For the academic year 2015/16, Marlborough charged \u00a39,610 per term for day pupils, making it the most expensive day school in the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC) \u2013 the association of British independent schools. Fees for full boarders are up to \u00a312,175 per term, the 28th most expensive HMC boarding school.The Good Schools Guide described Marlborough as a \"famous, designer label, co-ed boarding school still riding high.\" The school is a member of the G20 Schools Group. A sister school in Johore, Malaysia opened in 2012.", "Q360244": "Savion Glover (born November 19, 1973) is an American tap dancer, actor, and choreographer.", "Q63069": "Joseph Vilsmaier (24 January 1939 \u2013 11 February 2020) was a German film director who began his career as a technician and cameraman. He is internationally known for films such as Comedian Harmonists.", "Q650602": "Louis Vicat (31 March 1786, Nevers \u2013 10 April 1861, Grenoble) French engineer.\nHe graduated from \u00c9cole Polytechnique 1804 and \u00c9cole des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es 1806.\nVicat studied the setting of mortars and developed his own. The first building using the modern mortar is the bridge of Souillac (Dordogne) erected in 1818.\nThe material was popular but was superseded by Portland cement. He also invented the Vicat needle that is still in use for determination of setting time of concretes and cements. His son, Joseph Vicat, founded Vicat Cement, which is today a large international cement manufacturing company.\nHe was a member of the French Academy of Sciences and his name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower. Vicat was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1855.", "Q4683095": "Aditya Vikram Birla (14 November 1943 \u2013 1 October 1995), was an Indian industrialist. Born into one of the largest business families of India, he oversaw the diversification of his group into textiles, petrochemicals and telecommunications. He was one of the first Indian industrialists to expand abroad, setting up plants in South east Asia, the Philippines and Egypt. His networth was estimated at \u00a3250 million by 1995. His death at the age of 52 left his young son Kumar Mangalam Birla in charge of his group of companies.\n\n", "Q1322266": "Robert Orrin Tucker (17 February 1911 \u2013 9 April 2011) was an American bandleader born in St. Louis, Missouri, whose theme song was \"Drifting and Dreaming\". His biggest hit was \"Oh Johnny, Oh Johnny, Oh!\" (1939), sung by vocalist \"Wee\" Bonnie Baker. He founded his first band while a college student at North Central College in Naperville Illinois", "Q439618": "Stephen Carlos Lemme (born November 13, 1968) is an American actor, writer, and producer, and one of the members of the Broken Lizard comedy group. He attended The Dalton School, a high school in New York, but after one year transferred to Fountain Valley School in Colorado, graduating in 1987. He attended Colgate University and was a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity. Before leaving Colgate, he was part of Charred Goosebeak, a comedy troupe with the future Lizards. He has Argentine ancestry as his father is originally from Argentina. When he was young he got a polio vaccination and in an extremely rare case he developed polio, which resulted in the decay of his right calf muscle.", "Q7301731": "Rebecca Anne Wood Elson (2 January 1960 \u2013 19 May 1999) was a Canadian\u2013American astronomer and writer.\n\nBorn in Montreal, Quebec, as a teenager Elson often travelled Canada with her geologist father as he performed field research. After initially choosing Biology, (with a particular interest in Genetics) and then transferring to Astronomy she earned a bachelor's degree from Smith College, where she was taught by Waltraut Seitter. Her degree included a placement at St Andrews University in Edinburgh. Elson gained a master's degree in Physics from the University of British Columbia, and attended Cambridge University where she was awarded an Isaac Newton Studentship and received a PhD in astronomy. While working on her PhD she spent time at the Mount Stromlo Observatory in Canberra working under Ken Freeman. Elson did her postdoctoral work at the Institute for Advanced Study under the supervision of John N. Bahcall, after which she took up a Bunting Fellowship at Radcliffe College in 1989, where she taught creative writing. In the early 1990s she returned to the Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge to accept the research position she would hold for the remainder of her life. Her work centered on globular clusters, chemical evolution and galaxy formation. In April 1990 as the first images were released from the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers were disappointed that the images were spoiled by the aberration in the space telescope mirror. When Hubble was repaired the resulting sharp images lead to an acceleration of research, Elson's team successfully bidding for one of the largest allocations of orbits at that time.\nElson was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at the age of 29. With treatment, it went into remission, and in 1996 she married the Italian artist Angelo di Cintio. However, the cancer returned soon afterwards. Elson died of the disease in Cambridge in May 1999, at the age of 39.\nA volume of wide-ranging poetry and essays she wrote from her teens until shortly before her death was published posthumously as A Responsibility to Awe in 2001 in the United Kingdom, and in 2002 in the United States. The works were selected by di Cintio and a friend and fellow poet, Anne Berkeley, from a much larger body of unpublished efforts. Some of the works refer to vast concepts of physics and astronomy, often in unexpectedly abstract or playful ways, to reflect aspects of human experience. Others reflect profound joy with life or poignant observations of her impending death. The collection was selected as one of the best books of the year by The Economist.Elson also contributed to 52 scientific research papers in her short career.", "Q96590": "Bogumil Goltz (20 March 1801 \u2013 12 November 1870) was a German humorist and satirist known mostly for his work Buch der Kindheit (\"Book of Childhood\").", "Q62377": "Sir Carl Wilhelm Siemens (4 April 1823 \u2013 19 November 1883), anglicised to Charles William Siemens, was a German-British electrical engineer and businessman.", "Q79031": "Michael Gerard \"Mike\" Tyson (born June 30, 1966) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1985 to 2005. He reigned as the undisputed world heavyweight champion and holds the record as the youngest boxer to win a heavyweight title, at 20 years, four months, and 22 days old. Tyson won his first 19 professional fights by knockout, 12 of them in the first round. He won the WBC title in 1986 after stopping Trevor Berbick in the second round, and added the WBA and IBF titles after defeating James Smith and Tony Tucker in 1987. This made Tyson the first heavyweight boxer to simultaneously hold the WBA, WBC and IBF titles, and the only heavyweight to successively unify them.\nTyson became the lineal champion in 1988 when he knocked out Michael Spinks in 91 seconds of the first round. He successfully defended his titles nine times, which included victories over Larry Holmes and Frank Bruno. In 1990, Tyson lost the titles to underdog Buster Douglas, who knocked him out in the tenth round. Attempting to regain the titles, Tyson defeated Donovan Ruddock twice in 1991, but pulled out of a fight with then-undisputed heavyweight champion Evander Holyfield (who had defeated Douglas later in 1990) due to a rib injury.\nIn 1992, Tyson was convicted of rape and sentenced to six years in prison; he was released on parole after serving three years. After his release in 1995, he engaged in a series of comeback fights. He won the WBC and WBA titles in 1996, after stopping Frank Bruno and Bruce Seldon. With his defeat of Bruno, Tyson joined Floyd Patterson, Muhammad Ali, Tim Witherspoon, Evander Holyfield, and George Foreman as the only men in boxing history to have regained a heavyweight championship after having lost it. After being stripped of the WBC title in the same year, Tyson lost the WBA title to Evander Holyfield by an eleventh round stoppage. Their 1997 rematch ended when Tyson was disqualified for biting Holyfield's ears.\nIn 2002, Tyson fought for the world heavyweight title again at the age of 35, losing by knockout to Lennox Lewis. Tyson retired from professional boxing in 2006, after being knocked out in consecutive matches against journeymen Danny Williams and Kevin McBride. Tyson declared bankruptcy in 2003, despite having received over $30 million for several of his fights and $300 million during his career. At the time the media reported that he had approximately $23 million of debt.Tyson was known for his ferocious and intimidating boxing style as well as his controversial behavior inside and outside the ring. Nicknamed \"Iron\" and \"Kid Dynamite\" in his early career, and later known as \"The Baddest Man on the Planet\", Tyson is considered one of the best heavyweights of all time. Tyson holds the third longest unified championship reign in heavyweight history at eight consecutive defenses. He currently ranks No. 14 in BoxRec's ranking of the greatest heavyweight boxers in history. He was ranked No. 16 on The Ring's list of 100 greatest punchers of all time, and No. 1 in the ESPN.com list of \"The Hardest Hitters in Heavyweight History\". Sky Sports described him as \"perhaps the most ferocious fighter to step into a professional ring\". He has been inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame and the World Boxing Hall of Fame.", "Q266147": "Genevi\u00e8ve Gabrielle Grad (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0259nvj\u025bv \u0261ab\u0281ij\u025bl \u0261\u0281a]; born 5 July 1944 in Paris) is a French actress. She played Nicole Cruchot, the daughter of police officer Ludovic Cruchot (Louis de Fun\u00e8s) in the first three films of the Gendarme of Saint-Tropez series from 1964 to 1968. She has, among others, played in two films with Paul Guers as his partner: Flash Love (1972) and Libert\u00e9s sexuelles (1977). She has also appeared in several made for TV films and TV series in the 1960s and 1970s. She had a son with Igor Bogdanoff. She has been married to Jean Ren\u00e9 Andr\u00e9 Yvon Guillaume since March 19, 1993. She lives in Vend\u00f4me in the Loir-et-Cher.\n\n", "Q711892": "David Allan Coe (born September 6, 1939) is an American singer and songwriter. His biggest hits were \"Mona Lisa Lost Her Smile\", \"The Ride\", \"You Never Even Called Me by My Name\", \"She Used to Love Me a Lot\", and \"Longhaired Redneck\". His most popular songs are the number-one hits \"Would You Lay With Me (In a Field of Stone)\" and \"Take This Job and Shove It\". The latter inspired the movie of the same name. He is the father of Tyler Mahan Coe, who created the country music podcast Cocaine & Rhinestones. He has a daughter, Shelli Coe Mackie, and is father-in-law to the late Michael Mackie, formerly of Texas band Thunderosa.", "Q95099": "Guy Gavriel Kay (born November 7, 1954) is a Canadian writer of fantasy fiction. The majority of his novels take place in fictional settings that resemble real places during real historical periods, such as Constantinople during the reign of Justinian I or Spain during the time of El Cid. Kay has expressed a preference to avoid genre categorization of these works as historical fantasy. As of 2019, Kay has published 14 novels and a book of poetry. As of 2018, his fiction has been translated into more than 30 languages.", "Q809420": "Barth\u00e9lemy Prosper Enfantin (8 February 1796 \u2013 1 September 1864) was a French social reformer, one of the founders of Saint-Simonianism. He was also a proponent of a Suez canal.", "Q1813669": "Christopher Douglas Estes (born June 8, 1971) is a former King Diamond bass player (1994-1999). Originally from Dodge City, Kansas, Estes moved to Denton, Texas in 1991 to attend the University of North Texas as a Jazz Studies major. During his time at UNT he met Darrin Anthony Stull and joined his unsigned Dallas band Mindstorm. During the next three years Mindstorm played the Dallas club scene and eventually caught the attention of Danish singer King Diamond (Kim Bendix Peterson), who had recently moved to the DFW area and was looking for new members for his solo act. In early 1994 three members of Mindstorm (Estes, Darrin (Anthony) Stull, and Herb Simonsen) were officially asked to join King Diamond. During his tenure with King Diamond, Estes recorded three albums and took part in three tours, in addition earning writing credits on the album Voodoo. Returning to college in 1997 and attending classes between studio sessions and tour, Estes eventually earned a degree in Computer Science. In the summer of 1999, Estes received word that the studio session for House of God had been postponed. Burdened by immediate financial needs, Estes reluctantly resigned his position in King Diamond. Estes lives and works in Richardson, Texas as a computer programmer. Estes continues to write and perform music as a hobby in his free time.\n\n", "Q558580": "John Edward Lovelock (5 January 1910 \u2013 28 December 1949) was a New Zealand athlete who became the world 1500m and mile record holder and 1936 Olympic champion in the 1500 metres.", "Q686522": "The University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna (German: Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien, abbreviated MDW) is an Austrian university located in Vienna, established in 1817.\nToday, with a student body of over three thousand, it is the largest institution of its kind in Austria, and one of the largest in the world.\nIn 1817, it was established by the Society for the Friends of Music. It has had several names: Vienna Conservatory, Vienna Academy and in 1909 it was nationalized as the Imperial Academy of Music and the Performing Arts. In 1998, the University assumed its current name to reflect its university status, attained in a wide 1970 reform for Austrian Arts Academies. In 2019, the Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Musik und Darstellende Kunst Wien (MDW) was named one of the \"best performing arts schools in the world\" by the CEOWORLD magazine.", "Q372640": "Samuel Adrian Baugh (March 17, 1914 \u2013 December 17, 2008) was an American professional football player and coach. During his college and professional careers, he most notably played quarterback, but also played as a defensive back and punter. He played college football for the Horned Frogs at Texas Christian University, where he was a two-time All-American. He then played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins from 1937 to 1952. After his playing career, he served as a college coach for Hardin\u2013Simmons University before coaching professionally for the New York Titans and the Houston Oilers.\nBaugh led the Washington Redskins to winning the NFL Championship in 1937 and 1942 and was named NFL Player of the Year by the Washington D.C. Touchdown Club in 1947 and 1948 for his play. In both of his Player of the Year seasons, he led the league in completions, attempts, completion percentage, and yards. In 1947, he also led the league in passing touchdowns, interception percentage and passer rating.Primarily known for his passing prowess, Baugh led the league in completion percentage a record eight times, passing yards four times, and an NFL record six times in passer rating, among other statistics. However, he was also known for his versatility\u2014having the ability to play at a high level as a punter as well as a defensive back. Throughout his career, he led the league in yards per punt five times, as well as yardage in 1943, a year in which he also led the league in defensive interceptions, with 11. His yards per punt of 51.4 during the 1940 season still stands as an NFL record as of 2018.Baugh was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in the 17-member charter class of 1963, and was also selected to the NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team in 1994 and the NFL 100th Anniversary All-Time Team in 2019.\n\n", "Q115677": "Max de Terra (born in Zurich, 6 October 1918 \u2013 died in Zurich, 29 December 1982) was a racing driver from Switzerland. He participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 18 May 1952. He scored no championship points.\nHe was a member of the Ecurie Espadon.", "Q69222": "Aarwangen is a village and a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q66111": "Wintersingen is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q325718": "Roger McBride (born December 14, 1968), better known by his stage name King T (formerly known as King Tee), is an American West Coast Hip hop rapper from Compton, California. Emerging as one of Compton's earliest hip hop artists. He was signed to Capitol records, where he released his debut album \"Act a Fool\" in 1988 with the hit singles, \"Act a Fool,\" \"Payback's a Mutha,\" \"The Coolest,\" and \"Bass (remix),\" all of which were considered hip-hop classics. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, he worked primarily with producer DJ Pooh, and was responsible for the rise of Tha Alkaholiks, whom he helped guide into the rap game. T is also the CEO of his own record label, King T Inc.", "Q903119": "William Zeckendorf Sr. (June 30, 1905 \u2013 September 30, 1976) was a prominent American real estate developer. Through his development company Webb and Knapp \u2014 for which he began working in 1938 and which he purchased in 1949 \u2014 he developed a significant portion of the New York City urban landscape. Architects I. M. Pei and Le Corbusier designed structures for Zeckendorf's development projects.", "Q11399": "Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily from the genres of blues, rhythm and blues, and from country music. Rock music also drew strongly from a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles. Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass, drums, and one or more singers. Usually, rock is song-based music with a 4/4 time signature using a verse\u2013chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse. Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political.\nBy the late 1960s \"classic rock\" period, a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, southern rock, raga rock, and jazz-rock, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene. New genres that emerged included progressive rock, which extended the artistic elements, glam rock, which highlighted showmanship and visual style, and the diverse and enduring subgenre of heavy metal, which emphasized volume, power, and speed. In the second half of the 1970s, punk rock reacted by producing stripped-down, energetic social and political critiques. Punk was an influence in the 1980s on new wave, post-punk and eventually alternative rock. From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and break into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop, and indie rock. Further fusion subgenres have since emerged, including pop punk, electronic rock, rap rock, and rap metal, as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock's history, including the garage rock/post-punk and techno-pop revivals at the beginning of the 2000s. The 2010s saw a slow decline in the cultural relevancy of the genre, being usurped by hip-hop as the most popular genre in the United States in 2017.\n\nRock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements, leading to major subcultures including mods and rockers in the UK and the hippie counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the goth, punk, and emo subcultures. Inheriting the folk tradition of the protest song, rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race, sex and drug use, and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and conformity.", "Q181764": "Maurice (Latin: Mauricius; Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2; 539 \u2013 27 November 602) was Byzantine Emperor from 582 to 602. A prominent general, Maurice fought with success against the Sasanian Empire. After he became Emperor, he brought the war with Sasanian Persia to a victorious conclusion. Under him the Empire's eastern border in the South Caucasus was vastly expanded and, for the first time in nearly two centuries, the Romans were no longer obliged to pay the Persians thousands of pounds of gold annually for peace.\nMaurice campaigned extensively in the Balkans against the Avars \u2013 pushing them back across the Danube by 599. He also conducted campaigns across the Danube, the first Roman Emperor to do so in over two centuries. In the west, he established two large semi-autonomous provinces called exarchates, ruled by exarchs, or viceroys of the emperor. In Italy Maurice established the Exarchate of Italy in 584, the first real effort by the Empire to halt the advance of the Lombards. With the creation of the Exarchate of Africa in 590 he further solidified the power of Constantinople in the western Mediterranean.\nHis reign was troubled by financial difficulties and almost constant warfare. In 602 a dissatisfied general named Phocas usurped the throne, having Maurice and his six sons executed. This event would prove a disaster for the Empire, sparking a twenty-six year war with Sassanid Persia which would leave both empires devastated prior to the Muslim conquests. His reign is a relatively well documented era of late antiquity, in particular by the historian Theophylact Simocatta. The Strategikon, a manual of war which influenced European and Middle Eastern military traditions for well over a millennium, is traditionally attributed to Maurice.", "Q113206": "Robert Clark Gregg (born April 2, 1962) is an American actor, director, screenwriter, and voice actor. He is best known for playing Agent Phil Coulson in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning in Iron Man (2008) and continuing through Iron Man 2 (2010), Thor (2011), The Avengers (2012), Captain Marvel (2019), and the television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. since 2013. Gregg also portrays Sarge in the show's sixth season and an L.M.D. Coulson in the show's fourth, sixth, and seventh seasons. He also voices the character on the animated television series Ultimate Spider-Man and in the video games Lego Marvel Super Heroes, Lego Marvel Avengers, and Marvel Heroes.\nGregg has also co-starred as Christine Campbell's ex-husband Richard in the CBS sitcom The New Adventures of Old Christine, which debuted in March 2006 and concluded in May 2010. He also played FBI Special Agent Mike Casper on the NBC series The West Wing and Cam, the on-and-off boyfriend of Jack (and client of Grace), on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace.", "Q219793": "Chopper Chicks In Zombietown is a 1989 American comedy horror film written and directed by Dan Hoskins. It was released by Troma and features early roles by Billy Bob Thornton and Hal Sparks before they became famous. Former MTV veejay Martha Quinn also appears.", "Q324412": "John Mark Ainsley (born 9 July 1963) is an English lyric tenor. Known for his supple voice, Ainsley is particularly admired for his interpretations of baroque music and the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. In the course of his career, he has gravitated towards 20th-century music, singing in operas by Henze, Jan\u00e1\u010dek, and Britten.", "Q838831": "Michael Abrash is a software executive, programmer and technical writer specializing in code optimization and 80x86 assembly language, a reputation cemented by his 1990 book Zen of Assembly Language Volume 1: Knowledge and a monthly column in Dr. Dobb's Journal in the early 1990s. A later book, Zen of Graphics Programming, applied these ideas to 2D and 3D graphics prior to the advent of hardware accelerators for the PC. Though not strictly a game programmer, Abrash has worked on the underlying technology for games, such as Quake, for much of his career. Since 2014, he has been the chief scientist of Oculus VR, a subsidiary of Facebook, Inc..He frequently begins a technical discussion with an anecdote that draws parallels between a real-life experience he has had and the article's subject matter. His prose encourages readers to think outside the box and to approach solving technical problems in an innovative way.", "Q1640614": "Johnny Lee Stallworth (born July 15, 1952) is a former American football wide receiver who played 14 seasons in the National Football League for the Pittsburgh Steelers. He is considered to be one of the best wide receivers in NFL history. He played college football at Alabama A&M, and was the Steelers' fourth-round draft pick in 1974. Stallworth played in six AFC championships, and went to four Super Bowls. His career statistics included 537 receptions for 8,723 yards and 63 TDs. Stallworth's reception total was a franchise record until being surpassed by Hines Ward in 2005. Stallworth played in three Pro Bowls and was the Steelers' two-time MVP. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2002.", "Q79025": "Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 \u2013 21 September 1832) was a Scottish historical novelist, poet, playwright, and historian. Many of his works remain classics of both English-language literature and of Scottish literature. Famous titles include Ivanhoe, Rob Roy, Old Mortality, The Lady of the Lake, Waverley, The Heart of Midlothian, and The Bride of Lammermoor.\nAlthough primarily remembered for his extensive literary works and his political engagement, Scott was an advocate, judge and legal administrator by profession, and throughout his career combined his writing and editing work with his daily occupation as Clerk of Session and Sheriff-Depute of Selkirkshire.\nA prominent member of the Tory establishment in Edinburgh, Scott was an active member of the Highland Society, served a long term as President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1820\u201332) and was a Vice President of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (1827\u20131829).Scott's knowledge of history, and his facility with literary technique, made him a seminal figure in the establishment of the historical novel genre, as well as an exemplar of European literary Romanticism.", "Q69236": "Theo Lingen (10 June 1903 \u2013 10 November 1978), born Franz Theodor Schmitz, was a German actor, film director and screenwriter. He appeared in more than 230 films between 1929 and 1978, and directed 21 films between 1936 and 1960.", "Q885368": "James Elisha Folsom Jr. (born May 14, 1949) is an American politician who was the 50th Governor of Alabama from April 22, 1993 to January 16, 1995. He has also served as Lieutenant Governor of Alabama on two separate occasions. He is a member of the Democratic Party.\n\n", "Q70767": "Ernst Niekisch (23 May 1889 \u2013 23 May 1967) was a German writer and politician. Initially a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) he later became a prominent exponent of National Bolshevism.", "Q68128": "Ayg\u00fcl \u00d6zkan (born 27 August 1971 in Hamburg) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). She has been a member of the CDU since 2004, and served as Minister of Social Affairs, Women, Families, Health and Integration in the state of Lower Saxony, in the Second Cabinet Wulff and the Cabinet McAllister between 2010 and 2013. She was the first ever German politician of Turkish descent and a Muslim serving as minister.\n\n", "Q3035871": "Donald Winfred Ohlmeyer Jr. (February 3, 1945 \u2013 September 10, 2017) was an American television producer and president of the NBC network's west coast division. Ohlmeyer is best known as the man who fired comedian Norm Macdonald from Saturday Night Live and as a steadfast supporter of OJ Simpson.\nHe was a professor of television communications at Pepperdine University in Malibu, California. He served as ombudsman for ESPN.com for 18 months; that term ended in January 2011.", "Q561315": "Timothy Eugene Scott (born September 19, 1965) is an American politician and businessman serving as the junior United States Senator for South Carolina since 2013. Appointed by Governor Nikki Haley, he won a special election in 2014 and was elected to a full term in 2016. He is a Republican.In 2010, Scott was elected to the United States House of Representatives for South Carolina's 1st congressional district, where he served from 2011 to 2013. Previously, Scott served one term (from 2009 to 2011) in the South Carolina General Assembly and served on the Charleston County council from 1996 to 2008.Since January 2017, Scott has been one of three African-Americans in the U.S. Senate, and the first to serve in both chambers of Congress. He is the first African-American senator from the state of South Carolina, the first African-American senator to be elected from the southern United States since 1881 (four years after the end of the Reconstruction Era), and the first African-American Republican to serve in the U.S. Senate since Edward Brooke departed in 1979.", "Q1704724": "Nippon Crown Co., Ltd. (\u65e5\u672c\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e, Nippon Kuraun Kabushikaisha) is a Japanese record label established as Crown Records on 6 September 1963. It is a spin-off of Nippon Columbia and is owned by karaoke maker Daiichikosho. The record label singles which topped the Oricon Singles Chart are Kaze's \"22-Sai no Wakare\" (1975), and Gackt's \"Returner (Yami no Sh\u016ben)\" (2007).", "Q1379510": "Eva Taylor (January 22, 1895 \u2014 October 31, 1977) was an American blues singer and stage actress.", "Q26001043": "Magali Lara (born November 5, 1956, Mexico City) is a Mexican contemporary artist. Her works are presented in collections such as the Mexican Art Gallery, the Carrillo Gil Art Museum, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the National Bank of Mexico, the University Museum of Contemporary Art (UNAM) and the UDLAP Art Collection. She is considered a leading figure in the feminist contribution of the Mexican contemporary art movement. Lara has produced works as both an essayist and a visual artist. In her autobiographical writing she describes her work as follows:\n\n\"My work is found in an intersection. Text and image coexist in different ways. As Siamese twins, that have developed different personalities but that, in the end, share a vital nucleus.\"", "Q60574": "Artur Axmann (18 February 1913 \u2013 24 October 1996) was the German Nazi national leader (Reichsjugendf\u00fchrer) of the Hitler Youth (Hitlerjugend) from 1940 to the war's end in 1945. He was the last living Nazi with a rank equivalent to Reichsf\u00fchrer.", "Q77008": "Sylvia Nasar (born 17 August 1947) is an Uzbek German-born American journalist, best known for her biography of John Forbes Nash Jr., A Beautiful Mind. She received the National Book Critics Circle Award for biography. Nasar currently serves as Knight Professor Emirita at Columbia University's School of Journalism.", "Q433447": "Kelli Dayton, also known as Kelli Ali (born 30 June 1974) is a British vocalist most recognized for being lead singer for the trip hop group Sneaker Pimps.", "Q108154": "Gerd Frickh\u00f6ffer (November 21, 1913 \u2013 July 4, 1980) was a German film and television actor. He appeared as Captain Donvan in the television detective series Sergeant Berry.", "Q74501": "Maria Alves da Silva Cavaco Silva (born 19 March 1938, in S\u00e3o Bartolomeu de Messines) is the wife of An\u00edbal Cavaco Silva, the 19th President of the Portuguese Republic and, as such, was the First Lady of Portugal from 2006 until 2016.\nA Professor of Portuguese Language and Culture, Maria Cavaco Silva has been dedicating her attention to education and culture issues, but also to social solidarity and cohesion.", "Q640405": "Baron Oscar Dickson, or Oskar Dickson (December 2, 1823 \u2013 June 6, 1897) was a Swedish magnate, bulk merchant, industrialist and philanthropist from a family of Scottish origin. In his time he was considered the most affluent of all Swedes.\n\n", "Q128284": "Kim Tae-ho (Korean: \uae40\ud0dc\ud638; born 21 August 1962) was the prime minister-designate of South Korea who was appointed in a reshuffle that replaced seven other ministers. He stepped down as nominee amid growing political conflict over his ethical qualifications. He was previously the Governor of South Gyeongsang from 2004 to 2010.", "Q87489": "Hans Scherenberg (born Dresden 28 October 1910, died Stuttgart 17 November 2000) was a German automobile engineer and executive.\nAfter studying engineering at the Technical Universities of Stuttgart and Karlsruhe, between 1930 and 1935, Scherenberg joined Daimler Benz AG as a research engineer. Here he worked on the development of the first petrol injected aircraft engine (The DB 601) which went into production in 1937. In 1942 he received his doctoral thesis from Stuttgart University for a work on \"Valve control systems for four-stroke flight engines.\"\nFollowing the Second World War the victorious war-time allies had enforced Daimler Benz AG a pause in engine fuel-injection development. Scherenberg moved to work with Adolf Schn\u00fcrle's engineering consultancy, moving again in 1948 to join the Gutbrod company which had recently been taken on by Walter Gutbrod on the death of the founder Wilhelm Gutbrod. Under Scherenberg's leadership Gutbrod developed and brought to market the world's first production automobile fitted with a petrol injected engine. He returned to Daimler Benz AG in 1952. Following a promotion to the board of management in 1956, he was principally involved in the development of Daimler-Benz automatic transmission and fuel injection systems, which would remain areas of key strength for the company in later decades. After the retirement at the end of 1965 of Fritz Nallinger, Scherenberg took on overall responsibility for the company's Research and Development functions until his own retirement in 1977. He was succeeded by Werner Breitschwerdt.In 1970 Scherenberg received an Honorary Doctorate from Technical University of Berlin and in 1974 an Honorary Professorship from Stuttgart University. In 1981 he was awarded a Werner von Siemens Ring (a high-ranking award for technical sciences in Germany).", "Q438512": "Alcione Dias Nazareth (born November 21, 1947) is also known as, \"Alcione\", and \"A Marrom\" (English: \"the brown one\") and is one of the most successful female samba singers, or sambistas, in Brazil. She first gained international recognition in the late 1970 and has had nineteen gold records, as well as five platinum and a double platinum records.\nIn 1987, she dedicated the song Jo\u00e3o de Deus (John of God) to Pope John Paul II and 500,000 people during his second visit to Brazil.", "Q1689414": "James Arthur Osmond (born April 16, 1963) is an American singer, actor, and businessman. He is the youngest member of the sibling musical group the Osmonds. As a solo artist, Osmond has accumulated six gold records, one platinum record, and two gold albums.", "Q504599": "Steven Kapur (born 11 May 1967), known by the stage name Apache Indian, is a British singer-songwriter and reggae DJ. He had a series of hits during the 1990s.\n\n", "Q3021804": "Delphine Arnault (born 4 April 1975) is a French businesswoman, director and executive vice president of Louis Vuitton (LVMH Group).", "Q7072015": "O-Lan Jones is an American actress, composer, and theater producer. She played the eccentric religious fanatic woman Esmeralda in Edward Scissorhands.", "Q139389": "Zachary Paul Wamp (born October 28, 1957) is an American politician who was the U.S. Representative for Tennessee's 3rd congressional district from 1995 to 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district is based in Chattanooga and includes large parts of East Tennessee, including Oak Ridge.", "Q1343698": "Enric Bernat (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0259n\u02c8ri\u0261 b\u0259\u027e\u02c8nat], October 20, 1923 \u2013 December 27, 2003) was the founder of the Chupa Chups lollipop company.Bernat was the child of a confectioner Catalan family in the third generation and started his working life in his parents' cake shop. In the early 1950s he went to north Spain to revive an apple jam factory. As he introduced later his idea of lollipops to the investors, they left. Bernat took over the company in 1958 and renamed it to Chupa Chups. In 1969 Salvador Dal\u00ed was paid a fortune to do the logo.In the 1980s Bernat failed a take-over of the insurance company Iberia de Seguros to fund a new Catalan investment bank. Despite the loss, he gained ownership of Gaudi's Casa Batll\u00f3. In 1991 he passed formal control of Chupa Chups to his son Xavier. The Smint subsidiary brand/company was founded in 1994.\nTogether with his wife Nuria Serra he had three sons and two daughters, all surviving him.\nBernat died aged 80 at home in Barcelona on December 27, 2003 from an illness. A hundred people assisted his funeral in Les Corts.In 2006, Chupa Chups was sold to Italian company Perfetti van Melle by Bernat's sons.", "Q183167": "Gilbert Keith Chesterton KC*SG (29 May 1874 \u2013 14 June 1936) was an English writer, philosopher, lay theologian, and literary and art critic. He has been referred to as the \"prince of paradox\". Time magazine observed of his writing style: \"Whenever possible Chesterton made his points with popular sayings, proverbs, allegories\u2014first carefully turning them inside out.\"Chesterton created the fictional priest-detective Father Brown, and wrote on apologetics. Even some of those who disagree with him have recognised the wide appeal of such works as Orthodoxy and The Everlasting Man. Chesterton routinely referred to himself as an \"orthodox\" Christian, and came to identify this position more and more with Catholicism, eventually converting to Catholicism from High Church Anglicanism. Biographers have identified him as a successor to such Victorian authors as Matthew Arnold, Thomas Carlyle, Cardinal John Henry Newman, and John Ruskin. On his contributions, T.S. Eliot wrote,\n\nHe was importantly and consistently on the side of the angels. Behind the Johnsonian fancy-dress, so reassuring to the British public, he concealed the most serious and revolutionary designs\u2014concealing them by exposure ... Chesterton\u2019s social and economic ideas...were fundamentally Christian and Catholic. He did more, I think, than any man of his time\u2014and was able to do more than anyone else, because of his particular background, development and abilities as a public performer\u2014to maintain the existence of the important minority in the modern world. He leaves behind a permanent claim upon our loyalty, to see that the work that he did in his time is continued in ours.", "Q431250": "Mary Jane Bunnett, (born October 22, 1956) is a Canadian musician and educator. A soprano saxophonist, flautist and bandleader, she is especially known for performing Afro-Cuban jazz. She travels regularly to Cuba to perform with Cuban musicians.\n\n", "Q9397": "Zhu Xi ([\u0288\u0282\u00fa \u0255\u00ed]; Chinese: \u6731\u71b9; October 18, 1130 \u2013 April 23, 1200), also known by his courtesy name Yuanhui (or Zhonghui), and self-titled Hui'an, was a Chinese calligrapher, historian, philosopher, politician, and writer of the Song dynasty. He was a Confucian scholar who founded what later became known as the \"learning of principle\" or \"rationalist\" school (lixue \u7406\u5b78) and was the most influential Neo-Confucian in China. His contributions to Chinese philosophy including his editing of and commentaries to the Four Books, which later formed the curriculum of the civil service exam in Imperial China from 1313 to 1905; and his emphasis on the process of the \"investigation of things\" (gewu \u683c\u7269) and meditation as a method for self cultivation. \nZhu has been described the second most influential thinker in Chinese history, after Confucius himself. He was a scholar with a wide learning in the classics, commentaries, histories and other writings of his predecessors. In his lifetime he was able to serve multiple times as an government official, although he avoided public office for most of his adult life. He also wrote, compiled and edited almost a hundred books and corresponded with dozens of other scholars. He acted as a teacher to groups of students, many who chose to study under him for years. He built upon the teachings of the Cheng brothers and others; and further developed their metaphysical theories in regards to principle (li \u7406) and vital force (qi \u6c23). His followers recorded thousands of his conversations in writing.", "Q1026912": "California State University, Chico (CSU Chico, Chico State, or Chico), is a public university in Chico, California. Founded in 1887, it is the second oldest campus in the California State University system. As of the Fall 2018 semester, the university had a total enrollment of 17,448 students. The university offers 126 bachelor's degree programs, 35 master's degree programs, and four types of teaching credentials.", "Q120800": "Josef Stingl (19 March 1919 \u2013 19 March 2004) was a German politician who served as the longstanding president of the Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Arbeit (West German [National] Employment Agency ) from 1968 to 1984. By that time he had already established himself as a national politician as a member of the CDU and, after he relocated to Munich, the CSU). From 1953 to 1968, he served as a member of the Bundestag (West German parliament). There, he took a particular interest in pensions and labour law.\n\n", "Q872938": "Paul Lendvai (born 1929 as Lendvai P\u00e1l) is a Hungarian-born journalist who became an Austrian citizen. He moved to Austria in 1957, and is working as an author and journalist.", "Q431536": "I Could Never Be Your Woman is a 2007 American romantic comedy film directed and written by Amy Heckerling and starring Michelle Pfeiffer and Paul Rudd. The film was released on May 11, 2007 in Spain, July 18 in Belgium, September 14 in Brazil, September 20 in Greece and October 19 in Taiwan. The film was not released theatrically in the United States, instead going direct to DVD on February 12, 2008. It was also sent straight to DVD in Italy (February 6), the UK (July 14), Finland (August 6), Australia, Iceland (both August 27) and Germany (December 11). It also went direct to DVD on February 1, 2011 in France. It is the film debut of Academy Award-nominated Irish actress Saoirse Ronan. The title of the film is taken from a lyric from the 1997 song \"Your Woman\" by British artist White Town.\n\n", "Q1374752": "Mohammed \"Mo\" Ibrahim (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u200e; born 3 May 1946) is a Sudanese-British billionaire businessman. He worked for several telecommunications companies, before founding Celtel, which when sold had over 24 million mobile phone subscribers in 14 African countries. After selling Celtel in 2005 for $3.4 billion, he set up the Mo Ibrahim Foundation to encourage better governance in Africa, as well as creating the Mo Ibrahim Index, to evaluate nations' performance. He is also a member of the Africa regional advisory board of London Business School.\nIn 2007 he initiated the Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, which awards a $5 million initial payment, and a $200,000 annual payment for life to African heads of state who deliver security, health, education and economic development to their constituents and democratically transfer power to their successors. Ibrahim has pledged to give at least half of his wealth to charity by joining The Giving Pledge.\nAccording to the Forbes 2011 Billionaire List, Mo Ibrahim is worth $1.8 billion, making him the 692nd richest person in the world. Mo Ibrahim was also selected for the TIME \"Top 100\" list in 2008.", "Q927905": "Georges Yvan \"G\u00e9o\" Andr\u00e9 (13 August 1889 \u2013 4 May 1943) was a French track and field athlete and rugby union player. As an athlete he competed at the 1908, 1912, 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics in various events, including long jump, high jump, 400 m sprint, 110 and 400 m hurdles, pentathlon and decathlon. He won a silver medal in the high jump in 1908 and a bronze in the 4 \u00d7 400 m relay in 1920, finishing fourth in the 400 m hurdles in 1920 and 1924 and fifth in the standing high jump in 1908. At the 1924 Olympics he took the Olympic Oath and served as the flag bearer for the French delegation.Andr\u00e9 won French titles in 110 m hurdles (1908, 1914, 1919, 1922), 400 m hurdles (1913\u201314, 1919\u201320, 1922), high jump (1907\u20131909, 1911, 1914, 1919), standing high jump (1909, 1911\u201312, 1914, 1919\u201320). He held national records in the 110 m hurdles (1908 \u2013 15.8; 1922 \u2013 15.4), 400 m hurdles (1913 \u2013 57.0; 1920 \u2013 57.0/56.0/55.6), high jump (1907 \u2013 1.79; 1908 \u2013 1.80/1.885), and 4 \u00d7 400 m relay (1922 \u2013 3:24.0). In 1913\u20131914 he played for the national rugby team.Andr\u00e9 was wounded while serving as a fighter pilot in World War I. After retiring from competitions he worked as a sports journalist for several prominent French newspapers. During World War II he joined the infantry and was killed by German forces in 1943 in Tunis, aged 53. His son Jacques (1919\u20131988) competed as a hurdler at the 1948 Olympics.", "Q252590": "\u00c1tila I\u00f3rio (1 April 1921 \u2013 10 December 2002) was a Brazilian actor. He appeared in 48 films and television shows between 1946 and 1997. He starred in the 1964 film Os Fuzis, which won the Silver Bear Extraordinary Jury Prize at the 14th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q469985": "Alexandros Panagoulis (Greek: \u0391\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2; 2 July 1939 \u2013 1 May 1976) was a Greek politician and poet. He took an active role in the fight against the Regime of the Colonels (1967\u20131974) in Greece. He became famous for his attempt to assassinate dictator Georgios Papadopoulos on 13 August 1968, but also for the torture to which he was subjected during his detention. After the restoration of democracy, he was elected to the Greek parliament as a member of the Centre Union (E.K.).", "Q1322514": "Hugh J. Gallen (July 30, 1924 \u2013 December 29, 1982) was an American automobile dealer and Democratic politician from Littleton, New Hampshire. After serving in the New Hampshire House of Representatives, he won two terms as Governor.\nGallen was born in Portland, Oregon.\nGallen served as governor from 1979 until his death. Although twice elected for two-year terms as governor he was defeated in his bid for a third term in 1982. In November 1982 he became seriously ill due to a blood infection that required dialysis. Gallen, who yielded his powers to State Senate President Vesta M. Roy, died a few days before the inauguration of his successor, John H. Sununu; Roy became acting governor during that time.\n\n", "Q101170": "Michael Hofmann (born 25 August 1957 in Freiburg, West Germany) is a German-born poet who writes in English and a translator of texts from German.", "Q366147": "Hans Richter (J\u00e1nos Richter) (4 April 1843 \u2013 5 December 1916) was an Austrian\u2013Hungarian orchestral and operatic conductor.", "Q242783": "Okazaki (\u5ca1\u5d0e\u5e02, Okazaki-shi) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 386,999 in 164,087 households, and a population density of 999 persons per km\u00b2. The total area of the city was 387.20 km2 (149.50 sq mi).", "Q34643": "Celluloide is a 1996 Italian film directed by Carlo Lizzani. The screenplay is by Ugo Pirro and is based on the novel of the same title by Pirro.", "Q118421": "Martine Brunschwig Graf (born 16 March 1950 in Fribourg) is a Swiss politician, member of the Swiss National Council for the Canton of Geneva (since 2003) in FDP.The Liberals.\nBrunschwig Graf was a member of the parliament of the Canton of Geneva from 1989 to 1993 as a member of Liberal Party of Switzerland. On 14 November 1993, she was elected to the cantonal government and later re-elected twice (1997, 2001). Initially she heads the cantonal education department (1993\u20132001), then the finance department (2003\u20132005). She presided the cantonal government in 1998/1999 and 2004/2005.\n\n", "Q765861": "The Tornados were an English instrumental group of the 1960s that acted as backing group for many of record producer Joe Meek's productions and also for singer Billy Fury. They enjoyed several chart hits in their own right, including the UK and U.S. No. 1 \"Telstar\" (named after the satellite and composed and produced by Meek), the first U.S. No. 1 single by a British group.", "Q90693": "Rudolf Heinrich Daumann (1896 - 1957) was a German journalist and writer.", "Q4764168": "Angus MacInnes (born 27 October 1947) is a Canadian actor. He is most famous for his role as Jon \"Dutch\" Vander in Star Wars, and as former hockey great Jean \"Rosey\" LaRose in the comedy Strange Brew. He also appeared in Witness as a corrupt policeman, as a gangster seeking stolen cocaine in Atlantic City, and he is currently starring in BBC Scotland soap River City as Sonny.", "Q3196102": "Khachatur of Taron or Khatchatur Tarontsi (Armenian: \u053d\u0561\u0579\u0561\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0580 \u054f\u0561\u0580\u0578\u0576\u0581\u056b; 12th century, in Taron, Greater Armenia \u2013 1184, at Haghartsin Monastery) was an Armenian poet, musician and religious figure, who wrote a number of medieval sharakans.\nIt is known that he was born in Taron and eventually settled in Eastern Armenia during the Zakarid period. During this time, the first few decades of the thirteenth century, the region was enjoying relative prosperity and development. In the 1230s, he was put in charge of the monastery of Haghartsin, in the province of Dzorapor. From Western Armenia he brought with him to Dzorapor many spiritual chants transcribed in the khaz notation. As elsewhere, this system of musical notation was gradually replaced by the system still in use today.", "Q104008": "Christian Doermer (born 5 July 1935) is a German actor and director. He has appeared in 83 films and television shows since 1954. He starred in the 1966 film No Shooting Time for Foxes. The film was entered into the 16th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Bear Extraordinary Jury Prize. In 1969, Doermer appeared as a German soldier attending the Christmas truce in Sir Richard Attenborough's satirical World War I musical film Oh! What a Lovely War. \nDoermer himself has also directed a fair number of films including documentaries and television films. In 1962, he was one of the 26 authors of the famous Oberhausen Manifesto, demanding a change in German film.", "Q736587": "The Peter and Paul Cathedral (Russian: \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440) is a Russian Orthodox cathedral located inside the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, Russia. It is the first and oldest landmark in St. Petersburg, built between 1712 and 1733 on Hare Island along the Neva River. Both the cathedral and the fortress were originally built under Peter the Great and designed by Domenico Trezzini. The cathedral's bell tower is the world's tallest Orthodox bell tower. Since the belfry is not standalone, but an integral part of the main building, the cathedral is sometimes considered the highest Orthodox Church in the world. There is another Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul Church in St. Petersburg, located in Petergof.", "Q239331": "Bianca Jasmine Lawson (born March 20, 1979) is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her regular roles in the television series Saved by the Bell: The New Class, Goode Behavior, Pretty Little Liars, and Rogue. She has also had recurring roles in the series Sister, Sister, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, The Steve Harvey Show, Dawson's Creek, The Secret Life of the American Teenager, The Vampire Diaries, Teen Wolf, and Witches of East End. In 2016, Lawson began starring in the Oprah Winfrey Network drama series, Queen Sugar.", "Q186779": "Delphine de Vigan (born 1 March 1966) is a French novelist.\n\n", "Q240194": "The Borrower is a 1991 American science fiction horror film directed by John McNaughton and starring Rae Dawn Chong, Tom Towles and Antonio Fargas. The story revolves around an alien serial killer, who is sent to Earth to live among humans as a form of penalty.\nTony Amendola has a small role as a doctor and M\u00e4dchen Amick briefly appears as a rock groupie. Pamela Norris cameos as a hooker. One of McNaughton's previous films (and one of the most well known and revered of his filmography), Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer, is referenced in a poster that can be seen in one scene on the street and a commercial can be overheard warning about the disturbing nature of the film on a television during a scene in the hospital.", "Q103767": "Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 \u2013 March 12, 1955), also known as Yardbird and Bird, was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. Parker was a highly influential jazz soloist and the leading figure in the development of bebop, a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos, virtuosic technique and advanced harmonies. Parker was a blazingly fast virtuoso, and he introduced revolutionary harmonic ideas including rapid passing chords, new variants of altered chords, and chord substitutions. His tone ranged from clean and penetrating to sweet, and somber.\nParker acquired the nickname \"Yardbird\" early in his career on the road with Jay McShann. This, and the shortened form \"Bird\", continued to be used for the rest of his life, inspiring the titles of a number of Parker compositions, such as \"Yardbird Suite\", \"Ornithology\", \"Bird Gets the Worm\", and \"Bird of Paradise\". Parker was an icon for the hipster subculture and later the Beat Generation, personifying the jazz musician as an uncompromising artist and intellectual rather than just an entertainer.\nThe 1959 Beat parody album by comedians Del Close and John Brent, How to Speak Hip lists the three top most \"uncool\" actions (both in the audio and in the liner notes) as follows: \"It is uncool to claim that you used to room with Bird. It is uncool to claim that you have Bird's sax. It is even less cool to ask 'Who is Bird?'\"", "Q230473": "Eve Torres Gracie (born Eve Marie Torres on August 21, 1984) is an American actress, dancer, model, martial arts instructor, and former professional wrestler. She is best known for her time with WWE, where she is a record three-time WWE Divas Champion.\nTorres began her career as a model and dancer. She danced for The Southern California Summer Pro League and went on to become a member of the National Basketball Association's Los Angeles Clippers Spirit Dance Team for the 2006\u20132007 season. She also appeared on several television shows, including Show Me The Money, Sunset Tan, and Deal or No Deal.\nIn 2007, she won the 2007 Diva Search, earning a contract with WWE. Torres first appeared on WWE programming as a backstage interviewer in 2008 and became a full-time wrestler in 2009. She won the WWE Divas Championship in April 2010. She held the championship on a further two occasions, becoming the first person to win it three times. Following her retirement from professional wrestling in 2013, Torres focused on her role as an instructor for the Gracie Women Empowered self-defense program at the Gracie Jiu-Jitsu Academy in Torrance, California, and continued to act, with roles in Skiptrace and Supergirl.", "Q69550": "Ewald Albert Friedrich Karl Lepold Arnold von Kleist-Schmenzin (22 March 1890 \u2013 9 April 1945) was a German lawyer, a conservative politician, opponent of Nazism, and a member of the 20 July Plot to assassinate Hitler, for which he was executed.", "Q276426": "Consuelo Montagu, Duchess of Manchester (1853 \u2013 20 November 1909), n\u00e9e Consuelo Yznaga (also spelled Iznaga by some sources) was a Cuban American woman who married George Montagu, Viscount Mandeville, and later became the Duchess of Manchester.", "Q795238": "Bryan Stanley Johnson (5 February 1933 \u2013 13 November 1973) was an English experimental novelist, poet and literary critic. He also produced television programmes and made films.", "Q79743": "Florence is a city in, and the county seat of, Lauderdale County, Alabama, United States, in the state's northwest corner. It is situated along the Tennessee River.\nAccording to the 2010 census, the city's population was 39,319.\nFlorence is the largest and principal city of the Florence-Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Statistical Area commonly known as \u201cThe Shoals\u201d (which includes the cities of Muscle Shoals, Sheffield, and Tuscumbia in Colbert and Lauderdale counties). Florence is considered northwestern Alabama's primary economic hub.\nAnnual tourism events include the W. C. Handy Music Festival in the summer and the Renaissance Faire in the fall. Landmarks in Florence include the Rosenbaum House, the only Frank Lloyd Wright-designed home located in Alabama.\nFlorence and Lauderdale County had one hospital, Eliza Coffee Memorial Hospital. ECM was a 358-bed facility owned by RCCH HealthCare Partners in Brentwood, Tennessee. In 2010 RCCH HealthCare Partners announced that they would build a new hospital in Florence. The hospital was completed in December 2018.\nThe type of municipal government is mayor-council.\n\n", "Q82297": "O-Bi, O-Ba: The End of Civilization (Polish: O-bi, o-ba: Koniec cywilizacji) is a 1985 Polish drama science fiction film written and directed by Piotr Szulkin.\nStarring Jerzy Stuhr and Krystyna Janda, the film takes place in a post-apocalyptic future where humans live in an isolated vault which is falling apart. Their only grain of hope lies in a vessel known as The Ark which is said to be on its way to rescue them; however the existence of The Ark is a myth planted by the main character, whose profession is to ensure that the morale is maintained.", "Q364988": "Gerald Vincent Bull (March 9, 1928 \u2013 March 22, 1990) was a Canadian engineer who developed long-range artillery. He moved from project to project in his quest to economically launch a satellite using a huge artillery piece, to which end he designed the Project Babylon \"supergun\" for the Iraqi government. Bull was assassinated outside his apartment in Brussels, Belgium in March 1990. His assassination is believed to be the work of the Mossad over his work for the Iraqi government.", "Q897022": "William Bradley Kincaid (July 13, 1895 \u2013 September 23, 1989) was an American folk singer and radio entertainer.He was born in Point Leavell, Garrard County, Kentucky but built a music career in the northern states. His debut radio performance came in 1926 on the National Barn Dance show on WLS-AM in Chicago, Illinois. A prolific composer of folk and country music tunes, the first edition of his 1928 songbook called My Favorite Mountain Ballads sold more than 100,000 copies; later editions brought the total to 400,000. He recorded on Gennett Records.In 1935 he was working at WBZ-AM in Boston, Massachusetts where he performed with a band that included young singer and banjo player Marshall Jones. Kincaid teased the 22-year-old fellow Kentuckian for always being grumpy when he came to the studio to do the early morning broadcast, nicknaming him \"Grandpa\" Jones. The moniker became permanent for the future Grand Ole Opry star.Kincaid moved to Nashville, Tennessee in 1945 where he too became a member of the Grand Ole Opry.In 1971, he was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame.In 1988, the then-93-year-old Kincaid was involved in an automobile accident and sustained injuries from which he never fully recovered. He died in 1989 at the age of 94 in Springfield, Ohio and was interred there in the Ferncliff Cemetery.Old Homestead Records released several volumes of Kincaid's mountain ballads, hymns, and old-time songs.", "Q75151": "Ursula Kuczynski (15 May 1907 \u2013 7 July 2000), also known as Ruth Werner, Ursula Beurton and Ursula Hamburger, was a German Communist activist who worked for the Soviet Union in the 1930s and 1940s as a spy, most famously as the handler of nuclear scientist Klaus Fuchs. She moved to East Germany in 1950 when Fuchs was unmasked, and published a series of books related to her spy work, including her bestselling autobiography, Sonjas Rapport.\nSources concerned with her espionage work in the 1930s/40s sometimes use the cover name originally suggested to her in Shanghai by her fellow intelligence operative Richard Sorge: \"Sonja\", \"Sonja Schultz\" or, after she moved to Britain, \"Sonya\".\n\n", "Q109504": "Rainer Riesner (born 2 June 1950 in Friedberg) is a German pastor and theologian. He was ordained pastor in 1980, he has taught theology since 1998, with a focus on the New Testament, at TU Dortmund University. Since 1986 he has been married to Cornelia Riesner, a medical doctor. They have four children.\nRiesner's studies on the New Testament have been groundbreaking in multiple areas. His doctoral dissertation was a comparison of Jesus's teaching methods with other contemporary methods. It gave special attention to the amount of memorization required of young boys in the home and the synagogue school. His comprehensive study of ancient Jewish and Christian sources led him to the conclusion that Jesus's followers had the capacity to memorize his teachings almost verbatim and to reliably pass them on in the early Christian gospels. This work was later published under the title Jesus als Lehrer (\"Jesus as Teacher\"). Riesner has continued to research and write extensively about the origin of the gospels and their value as historical sources.Riesner's second major contribution was his study of the chronology of the apostle Paul's early work after his conversion to Christianity. This work was published as Die Fr\u00fchzeit des Apostels Paulus (English translation Paul's Early Period). In addition to many original insights, this book is one of the most comprehensive surveys of scholarly opinions about the chronology of Paul's work and the spread of early Christianity.Prof Riesner's writings cover many other topics including the geography and archaeology of ancient Palestine, the Essene community (by whom the Dead Sea Scrolls were perhaps written), and the crossroads of Protestant and Roman Catholic belief.", "Q3840474": "Luisa Spagnoli (Italian pronunciation: [lu\u02c8i\u02d0za spa\u0272\u02c8\u0272\u0254\u02d0li]; n\u00e9e Sargentini; 30 October 1877, in Perugia \u2013 21 September 1935, in Paris), was an Italian businesswoman, famous for creating a brand of women's fashion clothing and chocolate brand Perugina.", "Q371413": "The Big Store is a 1941 American comedy film in which Groucho, Chico and Harpo wreak havoc in a department store. Groucho plays detective Wolf J. Flywheel (a character name originating from the Marx-Perrin radio show Flywheel, Shyster, and Flywheel in the early 1930s).\nThe Big Store was the last of five films the Marx Brothers made under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and it was advertised as their farewell film. However, they returned to the screen in A Night in Casablanca (1946) and Love Happy (1949). \nThe Big Store costars singer Tony Martin and Virginia Grey as the love interests, and long-time Marx Brothers foil Margaret Dumont in her seventh and final film with the Marxes. The villain was portrayed by Douglass Dumbrille, who had played a similar role in A Day at the Races (1937).\nTagline: \"Where everything is a good buy. Goodbye!\"\n\n", "Q116424": "Jacqueline Fehr (born 1 June 1963) is a Swiss politician of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland. She represents the Canton of Z\u00fcrich in the Swiss National Council.\n\n", "Q150471": "Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (commonly abbreviated as E. T. A. Hoffmann; born Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann; 24 January 1776 \u2013 25 June 1822) was a German Romantic author of fantasy and Gothic horror, a jurist, composer, music critic and artist. His stories form the basis of Jacques Offenbach's opera The Tales of Hoffmann, in which Hoffmann appears (heavily fictionalized) as the hero. He is also the author of the novella The Nutcracker and the Mouse King, on which Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet The Nutcracker is based. The ballet Copp\u00e9lia is based on two other stories that Hoffmann wrote, while Schumann's Kreisleriana is based on Hoffmann's character Johannes Kreisler.\nHoffmann's stories highly influenced 19th-century literature, and he is one of the major authors of the Romantic movement.", "Q1817355": "Lviv Polytechnic National University (Ukrainian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0442 \u00ab\u041b\u044c\u0432\u0456\u0301\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0445\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0430\u00bb) is the largest scientific university in Lviv. Since its foundation in 1816, it has been one of the most important centres of science and technological development in Central Europe. In the interbellum period, the Polytechnic was one of the most important technical colleges in Poland, together with the Warsaw Polytechnic. In 2020 Lviv Polythchnic was ranked globally among top 1000 universities according to The Times Higher Education. As for 2019, there were approximately 35,000 students in the university.", "Q1085": "Prague (; Czech: Praha [\u02c8pra\u0266a] (listen), German: Prag, Latin: Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 13th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia. Situated on the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.7 million. The city has a temperate oceanic climate, with relatively warm summers and chilly winters.\nPrague is a political, cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history. Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque eras, Prague was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably of Charles IV (r. 1346\u20131378).\nIt was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire. The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era.Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions, many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe. Main attractions include Prague Castle, Charles Bridge, Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock, the Jewish Quarter, Pet\u0159\u00edn hill and Vy\u0161ehrad. Since 1992, the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.\nThe city has more than ten major museums, along with numerous theatres, galleries, cinemas and other historical exhibits. An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city. It is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University in Prague, the oldest university in Central Europe.Prague is classified as an \"Alpha\" \u2212 global city according to GaWC studies and ranked sixth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2016. In 2019, the city was ranked as 69th most liveable city in the world by Mercer. In the same year, the PISCA Index ranked the city as 13th most liveable city in the world. Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination and as of 2017, the city receives more than 8.5 million international visitors annually. In 2017 Prague was listed as the fifth most visited European city after London, Paris, Rome and Istanbul.", "Q317796": "The Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts (German: Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Darstellende Kunst Frankfurt am Main) is a state Hochschule for Music, Theater and Dance in Frankfurt and is the only one of its kind in the Federal State of Hesse. It was founded in 1938.\nAt present around 900 students are taught by about sixty five professors and 320 other teaching staff. The study programs include Performance in all instruments and voice, the teaching of music, composition, conducting and church music. There are also programs in musical theater, drama and dance. The university offers doctoral studies in musicology and music education.", "Q23317": "Audi AG (German: [\u02c8a\u028a\u032fdi \u0294a\u02d0\u02c8\u0261e\u02d0] (listen)) is a German automobile manufacturer that designs, engineers, produces, markets and distributes luxury vehicles. Audi is a member of the Volkswagen Group and has its roots at Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. Audi-branded vehicles are produced in nine production facilities worldwide.\nThe origins of the company are complex, going back to the early 20th century and the initial enterprises (Horch and the Audiwerke) founded by engineer August Horch; and two other manufacturers (DKW and Wanderer), leading to the foundation of Auto Union in 1932. The modern era of Audi essentially began in the 1960s when Auto Union was acquired by Volkswagen from Daimler-Benz. After relaunching the Audi brand with the 1965 introduction of the Audi F103 series, Volkswagen merged Auto Union with NSU Motorenwerke in 1969, thus creating the present day form of the company.\nThe company name is based on the Latin translation of the surname of the founder, August Horch. \"Horch\", meaning \"listen\" in German, becomes \"audi\" in Latin. The four rings of the Audi logo each represent one of four car companies that banded together to create Audi's predecessor company, Auto Union. Audi's slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning \"Being Ahead through Technology\". However, Audi USA had used the slogan \"Truth in Engineering\" from 2007 to 2016, and have not used the slogan since 2016. Audi, along with fellow German marques BMW and Mercedes-Benz, is among the best-selling luxury automobile brands in the world.", "Q120196": "Emil Beurmann (14 March 1862 \u2013 5 February 1951) was a Swiss painter, writer and poet.", "Q3826929": "Lanny Flaherty (born July 27, 1942) is an American actor of film and television.\nHe has given his most memorable performances in Lonesome Dove, Natural Born Killers, Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2 and Signs. Flaherty attended University of Southern Mississippi after high school. He also had a brief role in Men in Black 3, and appeared as Jack Crow in Jim Mickles 2014 adaptation of Cold in July. Other film appearances include Winter People, Millers Crossing, Blood In Blood Out, Tom and Huck and Home Fries while television roles include guest appearances on The Equalizer, New York News and White Collar as well as a 2 episode stint on The Education of Max Bickford as Whammo. He resides in New York City.", "Q192724": "Iron Man is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures, it is the first film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It was directed by Jon Favreau from a screenplay by the writing teams of Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby, and Art Marcum and Matt Holloway, and stars Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man alongside Terrence Howard, Jeff Bridges, Shaun Toub, and Gwyneth Paltrow. In the film, following his escape captivity from a terrorist group, world famous industrialist and master engineer Tony Stark builds a mechanized suit of armor and becomes the superhero Iron Man.\nA film featuring the character was in development at Universal Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and New Line Cinema at various times since 1990, before Marvel Studios reacquired the rights in 2006. Marvel put the project in production as its first self-financed film, with Paramount Pictures distributing. Favreau signed on as director in April 2006, and faced opposition from Marvel when trying to cast Downey in the title role; the actor was signed in September. Filming took place from March to June 2007, primarily in California to differentiate the film from numerous other superhero stories that are set in New York City-esque environments. During filming, the actors were free to create their own dialogue because pre-production was focused on the story and action. Rubber and metal versions of the armor, created by Stan Winston's company, were mixed with computer-generated imagery to create the title character.\nIron Man premiered in Sydney on April 14, 2008, and was released in the United States on May 2, as the first film in Phase One of the MCU. It grossed over $585 million on its $140 million budget, becoming the eighth-highest grossing film of 2008. The film was praised by critics for its acting (particularly Downey's), screenplay, direction, visual effects, and action sequences. It was selected by the American Film Institute as one of the ten best films of 2008 and received two nominations at the 81st Academy Awards for Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects. It was followed by two sequels, Iron Man 2 in 2010 and Iron Man 3 in 2013.", "Q25766": "Holger Apfel (born 29 December 1970) is a German politician who was the leader of the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) from 2011 to 2013. He was a member of the Saxon Parliament between 2004 and 2014, serving as the chairman of the NPD parliamentary group and a member of the presidium of the parliament.\nApfel became the NPD's national leader in 2011. On 19 December 2013, he resigned with immediate effect from his leadership positions at both the national and the state level, before leaving the party entirely five days later. He resigned from the Saxon Parliament on 17 January 2014.", "Q951663": "Simo \"Sipe\" Johannes Santapukki (born December 20, 1977) is the drummer of the Finnish rock group Apulanta. Sipe Santapukki graduated from the high school Heinolan Lyseonm\u00e4en koulu. Sipe joined Apulanta in 1991 and so has been a member of the band since the early days.\nSantapukki was born in Lahti. He has also done a solo album by the name Sipe. The album features many notable Finnish singers such as G\u00f6sta Sundqvist, Tommi Liimatta, Timo Rautiainen and Hannu Sallinen. Sipe's former girlfriend Anna Eriksson also sang on the album.\nSantapukki is a big fan of motor sports. In 2004 he won the silver medal in the Finnish Formula 3. Santapukki's art exhibition Narrilaivan kapteeni (Captain of the Ship of fools) was held in Heinola in 2003.\nIn 2020 Santapukki became a judge on The Voice of Finland alongside his band colleague Toni Wirtanen.", "Q273576": "The \u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de l'A\u00e9ronautique et de l'Espace (SUPAERO), translated as \"National Higher French Institute of Aeronautics and Space\", founded in 1909. It is one of the leading prestigious French Grandes \u00e9coles in engineering. It is also the world's first dedicated aerospace engineering school and is considered to be one of the best in Europe in that field. The school delivers a range of science and engineering degree programs. ISAE-SUPAERO is part of University of Toulouse, ISSAT, PEGASUS, GEA, Toulouse Tech, CESAER and Aerospace Valley.\nHistorically ISAE-SUPAERO results from the merger between SUPAERO and ENSICA in the summer of 2007. The aim of this move was to increase the international visibility of SUPAERO and the ENSICA (both of which depend from the French Ministry of Defense), by sharing their faculty and experimental means. In 2011, ISAE founded Groupe ISAE with the engineering school, ENSMA. In 2012, Groupe ISAE was joined by ESTACA and by l\u2019Ecole de l\u2019Air.\nThe Institute also delivers continuing education through its subsidiary, EUROSAE.\nSince its founding in 1909 ISAE-SUPAERO has produced more than 21,500 graduates; some of them have achieved fame in their field, including: Henri Coand\u0103, the discoverer of the Coanda effect; Henri Ziegler, father of the Airbus program; Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric d'Allest, first chairman of Arianespace; and Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Clervoy (class of 1983), astronaut.\nThe Institute delivers the following educational programs:\n\nThe ing\u00e9nieur ISAE-SUPAERO program,\nThe joint CNAM-ISAE apprenticeship or co-op program,\nAn International Masters Program in Aerospace Engineering,\n6 Research Masters Programs,\n15 Advanced Masters Programs,\n6 Doctoral schools,\nContinuing education programs.Students accepted into the ing\u00e9nieur ISAE-SUPAERO program are selected on the basis of their results on the Mines-Ponts competitive exam common to the most selective engineering schools in France. Since 2015, the Institute has been educating these students within the framework of a new common ISAE-SUPAERO engineering curriculum.", "Q66893": "Esther Vilar (born Esther Margareta Katzen, September 16, 1935 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine-German writer. She trained and practised as a medical doctor before establishing herself as an author. She is best known for her 1971 book The Manipulated Man and its various follow-ups, which argue that, contrary to common feminist and women's rights rhetoric, women in industrialized cultures are not oppressed, but rather exploit a well-established system of manipulating men.", "Q57496": "Luis Federico Franco G\u00f3mez (born 24 July 1962) is a Paraguayan politician who was President of Paraguay from June 2012 until August 2013. A member of the Authentic Radical Liberal Party (PLRA), he was elected as Vice President of Paraguay in the 2008 presidential election as the running mate of Fernando Lugo; he took office in August 2008. Following Lugo's impeachment by the Senate on 22 June 2012, he succeeded Lugo as President to complete the presidential mandate until 15 August 2013.\nFranco is a surgeon by profession. He is the brother of Julio C\u00e9sar Franco, senator and former chairman of Authentic Radical Liberal Party, and also a former Vice President. Federico Franco is also former chairman of PLRA and was Governor of Central Department from 2003 to 2008.\n\n", "Q78475": "Alban Maria Johannes Berg (; German: [\u02c8b\u025b\u0250\u032fk]; February 9, 1885 \u2013 December 24, 1935) was an Austrian composer of the Second Viennese School. His compositional style combined Romantic lyricism with the twelve-tone technique. Although he left a relatively small oeuvre, he is remembered as one of the most important composers of the 20th century for his expressive style encompassing \"entire worlds of emotion and structure\".Berg was born and lived in Vienna. He began to compose only at the age of fifteen. He studied counterpoint, music theory and harmony with Arnold Schoenberg between 1904 and 1911, and adopted his principles of developing variation and the twelve-tone technique. Berg's major works include the operas Wozzeck (1924) and Lulu (1935, finished posthumously), the chamber pieces Lyric Suite and Chamber Concerto, as well as a Violin Concerto. He also composed a number of songs (lieder). He is said to have brought more \"human values\" to the twelve-tone system, his works seen as more \"emotional\" than Schoenberg's.Berg died from sepsis in 1935.", "Q315181": "Alexey Vladimirovich Vorobyov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0451\u0432; 19 January 1988) is a Russian singer and actor who performs both in Russian and English. For international purposes Vorobyov is also credited as Alex Sparrow, a translation of his Russian name. He is best known for appearing on the Russian version of The X Factor at the age of 17 in 2005. In 2006 Vorobyov was contracted by Universal Music Russia, and in December 2007 was appointed as a goodwill ambassador for Y-PEER, a youth-based initiative of the United Nations Population Fund. Vorobyov represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Germany.\n\n", "Q955405": "Patrick Joseph Kennedy (January 14, 1858 \u2013 May 18, 1929) was an American businessman and politician from Boston, Massachusetts. \nAfter cholera killed his father and brother, Kennedy was the only surviving male in his family. He started work at age fourteen as a stevedore in the docks and became a successful businessman, later owning three saloons and a whisky import house. Eventually, he had major interests in coal and banking as well. Kennedy was a major figure in the Democratic Party in Boston. Though he served in both the Massachusetts House of Representatives and the state Senate, he preferred to play a behind-the-scenes role as a party boss.\nKennedy and his wife, Mary, were the parents of four children, including future U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Chair and U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.. Kennedy's grandchildren include President of the United States John F. Kennedy, U.S. Attorney General and U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and longtime U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy.", "Q595": "The Intouchables (French: Intouchables, pronounced [\u025b\u0303tu\u0283abl]), also known as Untouchable (UK)), is a 2011 French buddy comedy-drama film directed by Olivier Nakache & \u00c9ric Toledano. It stars Fran\u00e7ois Cluzet and Omar Sy. Nine weeks after its release in France on 2 November 2011, it became the second biggest box office hit in France, just behind the 2008 film Welcome to the Sticks. The film was voted the cultural event of 2011 in France with 52% of votes in a poll by Fnac. It also became the most viewed French film in the world with 51.5 million tickets up to 2014 and the success of Lucy. The film has received several award nominations. In France, the film won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actor for Omar Sy, and garnered seven further nominations for the C\u00e9sar Awards, including the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Film.", "Q434466": "Anna Quirentia Nilsson (March 30, 1888 \u2013 February 11, 1974) was a Swedish-American actress who achieved success in American silent movies. She predates fellow Swedish born actresses Greta Garbo and Ingrid Bergman.", "Q152266": "Susana Esther Baca de la Colina (Spanish pronunciation: [su\u02c8sana \u02c8\u03b2aka]; born 24 May 1944 in Chorrillos, Lima Province, Peru) is a prominent Peruvian singer-songwriter, school teacher, folklorist, ethnomusicologist and two-time Latin Grammy Award winner. She has been a key figure in the revival of Afro-Peruvian music.\nIn July 2011, she was named Peru's Minister of Culture in the Ollanta Humala government, becoming the second Afro-Peruvian cabinet minister in the history of independent Peru.In November 2011 she was elected to the Organization of American States (OAS) as the President of the Commission of Culture for the period 2011\u201313.", "Q3692": "Riyadh (; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u200e, romanized: ar-Riy\u0101\u1e0d [ar.ri\u02c8ja\u02d0d\u02e4], Najdi pronunciation: [er.r\u026a\u02c8j\u0251\u02d0\u00f0\u02e4]) is the capital of Saudi Arabia and the largest city on the Arabian Peninsula. With a population of 7.6 million people, Riyadh is the third-largest city in the Arab world and the 39th-largest in Asia. Riyadh is located on the eastern part of the Najd plateau at about 600 metres (2,000 ft) above sea level.Riyadh is the political and administrative centre of Saudi Arabia and is the headquarters of the country's central government bodies, such as the Saudi Royal Court and the Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia. Riyadh is of great economic importance, as it is the headquarters of many banks and major companies. It is also the location of the King Abdullah Financial District, one of the world's largest financial centres. Riyadh is one of the world's fastest-growing cities in population, with many immigrants.\nThe city is divided into 15 municipal districts, managed by the Municipality of Riyadh headed by the mayor of Riyadh, and the Royal Commission for Riyadh which is chaired by the governor of the Province, Faisal bin Bandar Al Saud. The current mayor is Tariq bin Abdul Aziz Al-Faris. Riyadh has been designated a global city.", "Q3590974": "Eric Benhamou (born in 1955 in Tlemcen, Algeria) was the former CEO of 3Com and Palm.", "Q464251": "Patricia Lynn Yearwood (born September 19, 1964) is an American country recording artist, actress, author, television personality, and celebrity chef. She rose to fame with her 1991 debut single \"She's in Love with the Boy\", which became a number one hit on the Billboard country singles chart. Its corresponding self-titled debut album would sell over two million copies. Yearwood continued a series of major country hits during the early to mid-1990s, including \"Walkaway Joe\" (1992), \"The Song Remembers When\" (1993), \"XXX's and OOO's (An American Girl)\" (1994), \"Believe Me Baby (I Lied)\" (1996) and How Do I Live (1997).\nYearwood's 1997 single \"How Do I Live\" reached number two on the country singles chart and was internationally successful. It appeared on her first compilation (Songbook) A Collection of Hits (1997). The album certified quadruple-platinum in the United States and featured the hits \"In Another's Eyes\" and \"Perfect Love\". Yearwood had a string of commercial successes over the next several years including the hit singles \"There Goes My Baby\" and \"I Would've Loved You Anyway\". She released her tenth studio record Jasper County in 2005, which debuted at number one on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart and the top ten of the Billboard 200. It would become her fastest-selling album in the United States. Yearwood signed with Big Machine Records in 2007 and released the critically acclaimed Heaven, Heartache and the Power of Love the same year.\nYearwood spent several years on hiatus from her own musical career to focus on other projects. She published three successful cookbooks, which appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list. In 2012, she began a culinary television series on the Food Network called Trisha's Southern Kitchen, which later won a Daytime Emmy Award. Yearwood has sold over 15 million records worldwide,. Her work has earned her several awards and nominations, including three Grammy Awards, three awards from the Academy of Country Music, and three awards from the Country Music Association. Yearwood has also been a cast member of the Grand Ole Opry since 1999.", "Q102451": "Hans H\u00e4ckermann (March 3, 1930 in Pirna, Germany \u2013 September 16, 1995 in Ritzerau, Germany) was a German actor.", "Q354863": "Lee de Forest (August 26, 1873 \u2013 June 30, 1961) was an American inventor, self-described \"Father of Radio\", and a pioneer in the development of sound-on-film recording used for motion pictures. He had over 180 patents, but also a tumultuous career\u2014he boasted that he made, then lost, four fortunes. He was also involved in several major patent lawsuits, spent a substantial part of his income on legal bills, and was even tried (and acquitted) for mail fraud. His most famous invention, in 1906, was the three-element \"Audion\" (triode) vacuum tube, the first practical amplification device. Although De Forest had only a limited understanding of how it worked, it was the foundation of the field of electronics, making possible radio broadcasting, long distance telephone lines, and talking motion pictures, among countless other applications.", "Q153178": "Georges Charpak (French: [\u0283a\u0281pak]; born Jerzy Charpak, 8 March 1924 \u2013 29 September 2010) was a Polish-born French physicist from a Jewish family who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992.\n\n", "Q474042": "Amoral was a metal band from Helsinki, Finland, formed in 1997. They played technical, progressive, melodic, hardrock oriented metal. The band's 4th album was an about-turn, replacing the dominance of quirky death metal with an exemplary display of riff-driven, heavy, yet melodic power groove and the occasional sing-along chorus. Amoral performed extensively in bars, clubs, festivals and other venues in Finland, Europe, Japan, China, Philippines and USA. The band split up in 2017 after 20 years together.", "Q103997": "Stephan Strothe was the US-correspondent for German news channel N24 as well as other affiliates of the ProSiebenSat.1 media group.", "Q76458": "Philipp von Zesen, also Filip C\u00f6sius or Caesius (originally Ph. Caesien, Filip Zesen, Filip von Zesen, in Latin Philippus Caesius \u00e0 F\u00fcrstenau, Philippus Caesius \u00e0 Zesen) (8 October 1619 \u2013 13 November 1689) was a German poet, hymnist and writer. Some of his works are published under his pen name Ritterhold von Blauen.", "Q541953": "Donna Dubinsky is an American business leader who played an integral role in the development of personal digital assistants (PDAs) serving as CEO of Palm, Inc. and co-founding Handspring with Jeff Hawkins in 1995. Dubinsky co-founded Numenta in 2005 with Hawkins and Dileep George, based in Redwood City, CA. Numenta was founded to develop machine intelligence based on the principles of the neocortex. Dubinsky currently serves as CEO and board chair of Numenta.Dubinsky also serves on the boards of Cortical.io (Vienna, Austria), Stanford Health Care (Palo Alto, CA), and Twilio (NYSE: TWLO). She served on the board of Yale University from 2006\u20132018, including two years as Senior Trustee.\nFortune nominated her, together with Hawkins, to the Innovators Hall of Fame, while TIME named the pair as part of its Digital 50 in 1999 for their contribution to the development of the PDA.", "Q172808": "Ian Macpherson McCallum Stewart (15 July 1929 \u2013 19 March 2017) was a British racing driver.\nStewart was regarded by Jim Clark as a highly-strung individual who \u201cat the wheel was as relaxed as anyone\u201d. His only appearance in a World Championship Grand Prix came at the 1953 RAC British Grand Prix, in which - due to ignition failure - he failed to finish in his Ecurie Ecosse-entered Connaught-Lea Francis A. Stewart's main competition was as part of the Jaguar racing Ecurie Ecosse team.Stewart made a name for himself racing a Jaguar XK120 in British national events, winning 23 races in just three seasons, including the Jersey International and the Wakefield Trophy. He was a founder member of Ecurie Ecosse who adopted the colour he had resprayed his XK120 as their team colour, he was also responsible for their distinctive badge. During this period, he was one of three Ecurie Ecosse drivers for the team\u2019s debut race at Charterhall, which resulted in a second place for Stewart. It was with the Merchiston team that Stewart won most of his races. This success led to some works outings for the Jaguar marque at Le Mans.It is often said that during the 1954 Les 24 Heures du Mans he rolled an Aston Martin DB3S on the fast stretch between Arnage and White House corners; that however was Jimmy Stewart, Jackie's older brother. Ian had already retired from racing following a crash in the 1954 Argentinian 1000k sports car race to tend to his family\u2019s agricultural and public house businesses in Perth and Kinross.", "Q5585": "Giovanni Giocondo, Order of Friars Minor, (c. 1433 \u2013 1515) was an Italian friar, architect, antiquary, archaeologist, and classical scholar.", "Q463258": "American Abstract Artists (AAA) was formed in 1936 in New York City, to promote and foster public understanding of abstract art. American Abstract Artists exhibitions, publications, and lectures helped to establish the organization as a major forum for the exchange and discussion of ideas, and for presenting abstract art to a broader public. The American Abstract Artists group contributed to the development and acceptance of abstract art in the United States and has a historic role in its avant-garde. It is one of the few artists\u2019 organizations to survive from the Great Depression and continue into the 21st century.", "Q539156": "Charles Samuel Bush (born April 13, 1952) is an American mandolinist who is considered an originator of progressive bluegrass music.", "Q70997": "Ralph Henry Baer (born Rudolf Heinrich Baer; March 8, 1922 \u2013 December 6, 2014) was a German-American inventor, game developer, and engineer.\nBaer's family fled Germany just before World War II and Baer served the American war effort, gaining an interest in electronics shortly thereafter. Through several jobs in the electronics industry, he was working as an engineer at Sanders Associates (now BAE Systems) in Nashua, NH, when he conceived the idea of playing games on a television screen around 1966. With support of his employers, he worked through several prototypes until he arrived at a \"Brown Box\" that would later become the blueprint for the first home video game console, licensed by Magnavox as the Magnavox Odyssey. Baer continued to design several other consoles and computer game units, including contributing to design of the Simon electronic game, helping to spark \"Simon Says\" as a popular phrase. Baer continued to work in electronics until his death in 2014, with over 150 patents to his name.\nBaer is considered \"the Father of Video Games\" due to his many contributions to games and helping to spark the video game industry in the latter half of the 20th century. In February, 2006, he was awarded the National Medal of Technology for \"his groundbreaking and pioneering creation, development and commercialization of interactive video games, which spawned related uses, applications, and mega-industries in both the entertainment and education realms\".", "Q28706781": "Carlos Mar\u00eda \"Rhod\" Rothfuss (1920\u2013December 31, 1969) was a Uruguayan-Argentine artist who specialized in painting and sculpture. He was considered a key theoretician for the development of the concrete art movement in Argentina in the 1940s and was a founding member of the international Latin American abstract art movement, Grupo Mad\u00ed.\n\n", "Q102337": "Rolf Wenkhaus (9 September 1917 \u2013 31 January 1942) was a German child actor who is best remembered for his role of Emil Tischbein in the 1931 film Emil and the Detectives.", "Q20178": "Joseph Frank Pesci ( PESH-ee, Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8pe\u0283\u02d0i]; born February 9, 1943) is an American actor and musician. He is known for portraying tough, volatile characters in a variety of genres and for his collaborations with Robert De Niro and Martin Scorsese in the films Raging Bull (1980), Goodfellas (1990), Casino (1995), and The Irishman (2019). He also appeared in Once Upon a Time in America (1984), Moonwalker (1988), JFK (1991), A Bronx Tale (1993), and The Good Shepherd (2006). His comedy roles include such films as Home Alone (1990), My Cousin Vinny (1992), Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992), and the Lethal Weapon franchise (1989\u20131998).\nPesci won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the psychopathic gangster Tommy DeVito in Goodfellas and received two other nominations in the same category for his portrayals of Joey LaMotta and Russell Bufalino in 1980's Raging Bull and in 2019's The Irishman, respectively. He announced his retirement from acting in 1999, and has since appeared only occasionally in films. He is also a musician who recorded three studio albums, Little Joe Sure Can Sing! (1968), Vincent LaGuardia Gambini Sings Just for You (1998) and Pesci... Still Singing (2019).", "Q51781": "Katia Sycara (Greek: \u039a\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a3\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac) is a professor in the Robotics Institute, School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University internationally known for her research in artificial intelligence, particularly in the fields of negotiation, autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. She directs the Advanced Agent-Robotics Technology Lab at Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. She also serves as academic advisor for PhD students at both Robotics Institute and Tepper School of Business.Born in Greece, she went to the United States to pursue advanced education through various scholarships, including a Fulbright (1965-1969). She received a B.S. in Applied Mathematics from Brown University, M.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, and Ph.D. in Computer Science from Georgia Institute of Technology. She was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from the University of the Aegean in 2004.", "Q3525117": "Thomas Finney (1837\u20131903) was an Australian businessman and politician. He represented the electoral district of Toowong in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1896 until 1900.", "Q207591": "Romantic music is a stylistic movement in Western classical music associated with the period spanning the nineteenth century, commonly referred to as the Romantic era (or Romantic period). It is closely related to the broader concept of Romanticism\u2014the intellectual, artistic and literary movement that became prominent in Europe from approximately 1800 until 1910.\nRomantic composers sought to create music that was individualistic, emotional, dramatic and often programmatic; reflecting broader trends within the movements of Romantic literature, poetry, art and philosophy. Romantic music was often ostensibly inspired by (or else sought to evoke) non-musical stimuli, such as nature, literature, poetry or the plastic arts.\nInfluential composers of the early Romantic era include Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Maria von Weber, Franz Schubert, Adolphe Adam, Fran\u00e7ois-Adrien Boieldieu, Mikhail Glinka, Fanny Mendelssohn, Felix Mendelssohn, John Field, Ignaz Moscheles, Otto Nicolai, Gioachino Rossini, Ferdinand Ries, Vincenzo Bellini, Franz Berwald, Carl Czerny, Gaetano Donizetti, Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Carl Loewe, Niccol\u00f2 Paganini, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Anton Reicha, Clara Schumann, Robert Schumann, Louis Spohr, Gaspare Spontini, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin, and Hector Berlioz. Later nineteenth-century composers would appear to build upon certain early Romantic ideas and musical techniques, such as the use of extended chromatic harmony and expanded orchestration. Such later Romantic composers include Bruckner, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, Liszt, Wagner, Mahler, Richard Strauss, Verdi, Puccini, Georges Bizet, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Sibelius, Elgar, Grieg, Saint-Sa\u00ebns, Faur\u00e9, Rachmaninoff, Rabindranath Tagore and Franck.", "Q465629": "Maria Muldaur (born September 12, 1943) is an American folk and blues singer who was part of the American folk music revival in the early 1960s. She recorded the 1973 hit song \"Midnight at the Oasis\" and continues to record albums in the folk traditions.She was the wife of musician Geoff Muldaur and is the mother of singer-songwriter Jenni Muldaur.", "Q124496": "Otto B\u00e4hr (2 June 1817 \u2013 17 February 1895) was a German legal scholar and liberal parliamentarian.He supported the view, not always well accepted by governments, that since the State was part of society, it must be judged in the same courts as individual citizens.", "Q77020": "Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl (6 May 1823 \u2013 16 November 1897) was a German journalist, novelist and folklorist.\nRiehl was born in Biebrich in the Duchy of Nassau and died in Munich. Riehl was born into a settled middle-class background, was a professor at the University of Munich, and later in life a curator of Bavarian antiquities.According to George Mosse,\n\n\"Riehl's writings became normative for a large body of Volkish thought...he constructed a more completely integrated Volkish view of man and society as they related to nature, history, and landscape....in his famous Land und Leute (Land and People), written in 1857-63,\" which \"discussed the organic nature of a Volk which he claimed could only be attained if it fused with the native landscape....Riehl rejected all artificiality and defined modernity as a nature contrived by man and thus devoid of that genuineness to which living nature alone gives meaning...Riehl pointed to the newly developing urban centers as the cause of social unrest and the democratic upsurge of 1848 in Hessia\"....for many \"subsequent Volkish thinkers, only nature was genuine.\"\"Riehl desired a hierarchical society that patterned after the medieval estates. In Die b\u00fcrgerliche Gesellschaft (Bourgeois Society) he accused those of Capitalist interest of \"disturbing ancient customs and thus destroying the historicity of the Volk.\"Riehl argued that the 'working class' were the most respectable Volk, since they were best attuned to nature itself. Throughout his work, Riehl displays a strong conviction that the German people and land are intrinsically connected to one another. He also is considered the founder of the \"German ethnographic Volkskunde\" and drew many of his conclusions in his work from his personal experiences hiking throughout Germany.", "Q181758": "Alejandro Cao de Ben\u00f3s de Les y P\u00e9rez (born 1974) is a Spanish-North Korean political activist with close relations with North Korea. He is a Special Representative of the Foreign Ministry of North Korea. He is, according to himself, also the Special Delegate of North Korea's Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries.\nHe is also the founder, president, and only salaried member of the Korean Friendship Association (KFA). All official government and ministerial sites of North Korea have the .kp domain and \u2013 given the whois record for KFA's website points towards it being the personally owned domain of Cao de Ben\u00f3s \u2013 there is doubt about its claim to be the \"official web page of DPR of Korea\" and thus Cao de Ben\u00f3s's claims of his actual status in North Korea's hierarchy.He has been an advocate of North Korea since 1990. His Korean name, Cho Son-il (\"Korea is One\"), is self-given but not a legal name as he travels using his Spanish passport. He is an honorary member of the ruling Workers' Party of Korea and the Korean People's Army. He has lived in Tarragona and Barcelona (Spain), working as an IT consultant.On 14 June 2016, he was arrested by the Spanish Guardia Civil in Tarragona for arms trafficking.", "Q3733901": "Ettore Conti (Milan, 1871 - Milan, 1972) was an Italian civil engineer, electricity industrialist, and influential businessman.", "Q267265": "Charlene Keys (born January 21, 1971), better known by the stage name Tweet, is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist.", "Q841464": "Toyoko Yamasaki (\u5c71\u5d0e \u8c4a\u5b50, Yamasaki Toyoko, real name Sugimoto Toyoko; 3 November 1924 \u2013 29 September 2013) was a Japanese novelist.\nA native of Osaka, Yamasaki worked as a journalist for the Mainichi Shimbun from 1945 to 1959 after graduating from Kyoto Women's University in Japanese literature. She published her first story, Noren (1957), a story of a kelp trader, based on the experiences of her family's business. The following year, she won the Naoki Prize for her second novel Hana Noren, the story about the founder of an entertainment group. A major influence on her writings of that period was Yasushi Inoue, who was deputy head of the Mainichi Shimbun's cultural news desk.Yamasaki wrote some stories based on actual events. For example, Futatsu no Sokoku is derived from the biography of a Japanese American David Akira Itami, and Shizumanu Taiy\u014d is based on the Japan Airlines Flight 123 accident.\nSeveral works of hers were featured in films and television dramas.", "Q115893": "Marcel Raymond (December 20, 1897 in Geneva \u2013 November 28, 1981 in Geneva) was a Swiss literary critic who specialized in French literature. He is generally grouped with the so-called \"Geneva School\".", "Q63055": "Waldemar Bonsels (21 February 1880 in Ahrensburg \u2013 31 July 1952 in Ambach, M\u00fcnsing) was a German writer.\nWaldemar Bonsels's most famous work is the children's book Die Biene Maja und ihre Abenteuer (Maya the Bee and her Adventures, translated as The Adventures of Maya the Bee). This work served the basis for a Japanese animated television series named Maya the Honey Bee in the mid-1970s, as well as a Croatian opera for children written by Bruno Bjelinski, making Bonsels work known to an even greater audience. The opera was staged in 2008 in Villach, Austria at the Carinthian Summer Music Festival. Himmelsvolk (People in the Sky) is a sequel with a more philosophical focus, describing in mystical terms the unity of all creation and its relationship to God.\nHe wrote a number of novels and shorter stories dealing with love as Eros and the higher level of divine love in the spirit of romanticism (Eros und die Evangelien, Menschenwege, Narren und Helden, etc.), with the relationship between man and nature in a simple life unchanged by modern civilisation (Anjekind, etc.) and also a historical novel about the time of Jesus (Der Grieche Dositos).\nHe travelled extensively in Europe and Asia. Indienfahrt (Voyage in India) is the fruit of one of these travels.\nBonsels was an outspoken anti-Semite and expressed his approval of Nazi politics against Jews in 1933, calling the Jew \"a deadly enemy\" who was \"poisoning the culture\" in an article (NSDAP und Judentum) which was widely published.", "Q479200": "Peter R\u00f6sel (born February 2, 1945 in Dresden) is a German concert pianist.", "Q235245": "Alexandra Pauline \"Sasha\" Cohen (born October 26, 1984) is an American figure skater. She is the 2006 Olympic silver medalist, a three-time World Championship medalist, the 2003 Grand Prix Final Champion, and the 2006 U.S. Champion. She is known for her artistry, flexibility and body lines, and musical interpretation. As of 2020, Cohen is the most recent American woman to medal individually in figure skating at the Olympics.\n\n", "Q110733": "Heinrich Fraenkel (28 September 1897 \u2013 May 1986) was an author and Hollywood writer most notable for his biographies of Nazi war criminals published in the 1960s and 1970s.", "Q572427": "Weingarten (German for \"wine garden\"; Low Alemannic: W\u00e3\u1ebdgaade) is a town with a population of 24,000 (as of 2005) in W\u00fcrttemberg, in the District of Ravensburg, in the valley of the Schussen River. Together with the southern neighbour cities of Ravensburg and Friedrichshafen on Lake Constance (Bodensee), it forms one of 14 medium-sized infrastructural centres in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. The town is seat of the University of Applied Sciences of Ravensburg-Weingarten (Hochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten) and of the Teachers' College of Weingarten (P\u00e4dagogische Hochschule Weingarten).", "Q320884": "Richard Preston (born August 5, 1954) is a writer for The New Yorker and bestselling author who has written books about infectious disease, bioterrorism, redwoods and other subjects, as well as fiction. Whether journalistic or fictional, his writings are based on extensive background research and interviews.", "Q763586": "Masaryk University (Czech: Masarykova univerzita; Latin: Universitas Masarykiana Brunensis) is the second largest university in the Czech Republic, a member of the Compostela Group and the Utrecht Network. Founded in 1919 in Brno as the second Czech university (after Charles University established in 1348 and Palack\u00fd University existent in 1573\u20131860), it now consists of nine faculties and 35,115 students. It is named after Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue Masaryk, the first president of an independent Czechoslovakia as well as the leader of the movement for a second Czech university.In 1960 the university was renamed Jan Evangelista Purkyn\u011b University after Jan Evangelista Purkyn\u011b, a Czech biologist. In 1990, following the Velvet Revolution it regained its original name. Since 1922, over 171,000 students have graduated from the university.", "Q5685929": "Haya bint Abdulaziz (1929 \u2013 2 November 2009) was a member of the House of Saud.", "Q310947": "Stephen Andrew Baldwin (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor, producer, director, author, and conservative political activist. He has appeared in the films Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Posse (1993), 8 Seconds (1994), Threesome (1994), The Usual Suspects (1995), Bio-Dome (1996), and The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000). He also starred in the television series The Young Riders (1989\u201392), and as himself in the reality shows Celebrity Big Brother 7 (UK) and Celebrity Apprentice. In 2004, he directed Livin' It, a Christian-themed skateboarding DVD.", "Q3123791": "Ronold Wyeth Percival King (September 19, 1905 \u2013 April 10, 2006) was an American applied physicist, known for his contributions to the theory and application of microwave antennas. He published twelve books and over three hundred articles in his area, as well as mentored one hundred doctoral dissertations.Born in Williamstown, Massachusetts, he moved to Rochester, New York, where his father worked as a professor of German. He earned an A.B. (1927) and S.M. (1929) degree in physics from the University of Rochester. He was an exchange student at the University of Munich (1928\u201329) and attended Cornell University (1929\u201330), before completing his graduate studies at University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison (1932) where he obtained a Ph.D. on the thesis Characteristics of Vacuum Tube Circuits Having Distributed Constants at Ultra-Radio Frequencies advised by Edward Bennett and subsequently was a research assistant (1932\u201334).\nKing was an instructor and assistant professor in physics at Lafayette College (1934\u201337), and a Guggenheim Fellow overseas (1937, 1958). He joined Harvard University as an instructor (1938), as assistant professor (1939), associate (1942), and as Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Physics (1946\u201372, taken over by his former student Tai Tsun Wu), and professor emeritus (1972). He resided at Winchester, Massachusetts, and wrote the autobiography A Man of the 20th Century.\nHis research group at Harvard spent the 1940s and 1950s developing the theory of antenna (radio), using the cylindrical antenna as a boundary value problem subject to Maxwell's equations. Also, scattering and diffraction of electromagnetic waves from spheres, cylinders, strips, and disks, conducted within earth, under water or in tissue. King is responsible for the inverted-F antenna, the most widely used antenna in mobile phones. However, he did not develop this antenna for that purpose. Rather the intended use was missile telemetry.", "Q100520": "Wilhelm Weigand (13 March 1862, in Gissigheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg \u2013 20 December 1949, in Munich) was a German Neoromanticism and Realism period poet and writer. He was born Wilhelm Schnarrenberger, but on 2 May 1888 he took the maiden name of his grandmother.", "Q755034": "Atheist is a death metal band from Florida, founded in 1984 by vocalist/guitarist Kelly Shaefer, guitarist Rand Burkey, bassist Roger Patterson, and drummer Steve Flynn. The band is known for their highly technical playing style, and their 1991 album Unquestionable Presence is regarded as an important landmark of the technical death metal genre. After disbanding in 1994, the band reformed in 2006 and have since released one studio album and a live DVD.", "Q23471": "Lordi (Finnish pronunciation: [lordi]) is a Finnish hard rock/heavy metal band, formed in 1992 by the band's lead singer, songwriter and costume maker, Mr Lordi (Tomi Petteri Putaansuu). In addition to their melodic metal music, Lordi are also known for wearing monster masks and using horror elements with pyrotechnics during concerts and music videos. The band rose to fame in 2002 with their hit single \"Would You Love a Monsterman?\", and won the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 with their song \"Hard Rock Hallelujah\".\nLordi has toured and recorded actively since 2002, and Mr Lordi upgrades the band's costumes and masks for each album. The band has gone through several line-up changes, but original members Mr Lordi and guitarist Amen are still active with the band. Members of Lordi have stated their desire for their unmasked faces to remain private. However, they have made a number of unmasked appearances in several news outlets.", "Q993250": "Bruno Frei (real name, Benedikt Freistadt: 11 June 1897 \u2013 21 May 1988) was a political (Marxist) author and journalist. He was born in Pre\u00dfburg which at that time was part of the Austro-Hungarian empire, and the family moved to Vienna in 1909. Following the frontier changes mandated in 1919, he spent much of his adult life and career in that city, although he spent six of the Hitler years exiled in Mexico.Sources most frequently name him as Bruno Frei, but he is also sometimes identified as Karl Franz, a pseudonym under which some of his work was published.", "Q109262": "Paul Majunke (1842, Gro\u00df-Schmograu - 1899) was a Catholic priest, journalist and Reichstag deputy.", "Q126281": "See You in the Morning is a 1989 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Alan J. Pakula, and starring Jeff Bridges, Alice Krige and Farrah Fawcett. It features music by Nat King Cole and Cherri Red. The film's music was composed by Michael Small.\n\n", "Q45938": "Auckland Airport (IATA: AKL, ICAO: NZAA) is the largest and busiest airport in New Zealand, with over 21 million passengers in the year ended March 2019. The airport is located near Mangere, a residential suburb, and Airport Oaks, a service hub suburb 21 kilometres (13 mi) south of the Auckland city centre. It is both a domestic and international hub for Air New Zealand, and as the New Zealand hub of Virgin Australia and Jetstar Airways.\nThe airport is one of New Zealand's most important infrastructure assets, providing thousands of jobs for the region. It handled 71 per cent of New Zealand's international air passenger arrivals and departures in 2000. It is one of only two airports in New Zealand (the other being Christchurch) capable of handling Boeing 747 and Airbus A380 aircraft.\nIt has a capacity of about 45 flight movements per hour, using a single runway that is fully Cat IIIb capable (at a reduced rate of movements). In November 2007 work began on a new northern runway, to be built in several stages and to be used mainly by smaller aircraft, freeing up capacity on the main runway. The project was put on hold for at least 12 months in October 2009, however, and deferred for a further few years in August 2010 following consultation with airlines and a review of capacity management options. The timing of the recommencement of construction of the second runway will be demand driven relative to the capacity of the existing runway. The expected completion date for the second runway is now 2025.", "Q25014": "John Marwood Cleese (; born 27 October 1939) is an English actor, voice actor, comedian, screenwriter, and producer. He achieved success at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and as a scriptwriter and performer on The Frost Report. In the late 1960s, he co-founded Monty Python, the comedy troupe responsible for the sketch show Monty Python's Flying Circus. Along with his Python co-stars Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, Michael Palin and Graham Chapman, Cleese starred in Monty Python films, which include Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975), Life of Brian (1979) and The Meaning of Life (1983).\nIn the mid-1970s, Cleese and his first wife, Connie Booth, co-wrote the sitcom Fawlty Towers, and he starred in it as Basil Fawlty. The series resulted in Cleese receiving the 1980 BAFTA for Best Entertainment Performance, and in 2000 the show topped the British Film Institute's list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes. In a 2001 Channel 4 poll Basil was ranked second on their list of the 100 Greatest TV Characters. Cleese co-starred with Kevin Kline, Jamie Lee Curtis, and former Python colleague Michael Palin in A Fish Called Wanda (1989) and Fierce Creatures (1997), both of which he also wrote; for A Fish Called Wanda, he was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. He has also starred in Time Bandits (1981) and Rat Race (2001) and has appeared in many other films, including Silverado (1985), Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994), two James Bond films (as R and Q), two Harry Potter films (as Nearly Headless Nick), and the last three Shrek films.\nEmerging from the Cambridge Footlights in the 1960s, Cleese specialises in satire, black comedy, sketch comedy and surreal humour. With Yes Minister writer Antony Jay, he co-founded Video Arts, a production company making entertaining training films. In 1976, Cleese co-founded The Secret Policeman's Ball benefit shows to raise funds for the human rights organisation Amnesty International. Although a long-running supporter of the Liberal Democrats, in 1999 he turned down a life peerage offer from the party.", "Q715404": "Richard Michael Patrick (born May 10, 1968) is an American musician, singer and songwriter. He is the frontman for the rock band Filter and a founding member of the supergroups Army of Anyone and The Damning Well, and has served as a touring guitarist for Nine Inch Nails. As a teenager, Patrick was the frontman for The Akt.", "Q349826": "Adam Hamilton Ingram (born 1 May 1951) is a Scottish politician who was a Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) from 1999 to 2016. He was first a MSP for the South of Scotland region from 1999 to 2011, then the MSP for the Carrick, Cumnock and Doon Valley constituency from 2011 to 2016.", "Q310953": "William James O'Reilly Jr. (born September 10, 1949) is an American journalist, author, and former television host. During the late 1970s and 1980s, he reported for local television stations in the United States and later for CBS News and ABC News. He anchored the tabloid television program Inside Edition from 1989 to 1995. O'Reilly joined the Fox News Channel in 1996 and hosted The O'Reilly Factor until 2017. The O'Reilly Factor was the highest-rated cable news show for 16 years, and he was described by media analyst Howard Kurtz as \"the biggest star in the 20 year history at Fox News\" at the time of his ouster. He is the author of numerous books and hosted The Radio Factor (2002\u20132009). Since 2017, he has hosted the No Spin News podcast which he founded after being fired from Fox.\nO'Reilly is considered to be a conservative commentator.O'Reilly's media career took a major blow after several New York Times investigations revealed that he had paid six women nearly $50 million to settle various sexual harassment lawsuits. After the first New York Times investigation revealed that O'Reilly and Fox News had settled five sexual harassment lawsuits totaling $13 million, Fox News terminated O'Reilly's employment in April 2017. In October 2017, The New York Times reported an additional settlement of $32 million that O'Reilly had paid to settle a sixth sexual harassment lawsuit which had been filed against him by former Fox News analyst Lis Wiehl because of the \"non-consensual sexual relationship\" she says O'Reilly initiated with her. The revelation of this sixth settlement caused O'Reilly to be dropped by the United Talent Agency.", "Q743642": "Jimmy McCracklin (August 13, 1921 \u2013 December 20, 2012) was an American pianist, vocalist, and songwriter. His style contained West Coast blues, Jump blues, and R&B. Over a career that spanned seven decades, he said he had written almost a thousand songs and had recorded hundreds of them. McCracklin recorded over 30 albums, and earned four gold records. Tom Mazzolini of the San Francisco Blues Festival said of him, \"He was probably the most important musician to come out of the Bay Area in the post-World War II years.\"", "Q3132850": "Shin Sawbu (Burmese: \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u102c\u1015\u102f, pronounced [\u0283\u026a\u0300\u0270\u0303 s\u0254\u0301 b\u1e75]; Mon: \u101e\u1031\u101d\u103a\u1005\u102b\u101d\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1021\u103a; 1394\u20131471) was queen regnant of Hanthawaddy from 1454 to 1471. Queen Shin Sawbu was also known as Binnya Thau (\u1017\u100a\u102c\u1038\u1011\u1031\u102c\u101d\u103a) or Old Queen in Mon. Queen Shin Sawbu and Queen Jamadevi of Haripunjaya are the two most famous among the small number of queens who ruled in mainland Southeast Asia.\n\n", "Q436503": "Gailard Sartain (born September 18, 1946) is an American former actor, often playing characters with roots in the South. He was a regular on the country music variety series Hee Haw. He is also known for his roles in three of the Ernest movies and the TV series Hey Vern, It's Ernest!, which ran for one season on CBS in 1988. He is also an accomplished and successful painter and illustrator.", "Q1010244": "West Chester is a borough and the county seat of Chester County, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The population was 18,461 at the 2010 census. West Chester is the mailing address for most of its neighboring townships. When calculated by mailing address, the population as of the 2010 US Census was 108,696, which would make it the 10th largest city by mailing address in the state of Pennsylvania. Much of the West Chester University of Pennsylvania North Campus and the Chester County government are located within the borough. The center of town is located at the intersection of Market and High Streets.\n\n", "Q532017": "Benjamin Outram (1 April 1764 \u2013 22 May 1805) was an English civil engineer, surveyor and industrialist. He was a pioneer in the building of canals and tramways.\n\n", "Q65430": "Rongellen is a municipality in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland, located in the Viamala Region.", "Q429423": "The Passage is a 1979 British action-war film directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Anthony Quinn, James Mason, Malcolm McDowell and Patricia Neal. The film is based upon the 1976 novel Perilous Passage by Bruce Nicolaysen, who also wrote the screenplay for the film.\n\n", "Q111439": "Richard Katz (November 21, 1888 \u2013 November 8, 1968) was a German journalist, travel writer, and essayist from Bohemia. While writing both grandiose and humble prose, his style is consistently imbued with a sense of humor, humility and love for all things living.", "Q1282952": "Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u043d\u0447-\u0411\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447, IPA: [m\u02b2\u026ax\u0250\u02c8il \u0250l\u02b2\u026ak\u02c8sandr\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8bont\u0255 br\u028a\u02c8jev\u02b2\u026at\u0255] (listen), 22 February 1888 \u2013 7 March 1940), sometimes spelled Bonch-Bruyevich, was a Russian engineer, scientist, and professor. Generally considered the leading authority on radio in Russia in the first decades of the 20th century, he greatly influenced the pre-radar development of radio-location in that nation.", "Q1430363": "Floyd LeFlore (1940\u20132014) was a jazz composer, trumpet player, and poet from St. Louis. In 1968, LeFlore helped to found the Black Artists Group (BAG).", "Q1148985": "Cyrus Rowlett \"C. R.\" Smith (September 9, 1899 \u2013 April 4, 1990) was the CEO of American Airlines from 1934 to 1968 and from 1973 to 1974. He was also the wartime deputy commander of the Air Transport Command, and United States Secretary of Commerce for a brief period under President Lyndon B. Johnson. He is regarded as one of the titans of U.S. airline history.\n\n", "Q858121": "Le Monde diplomatique is a monthly newspaper offering analysis and opinion on politics, culture, and current affairs.\nThe publication is owned by Le Monde diplomatique SA, a subsidiary company of Le Monde which grants it complete editorial autonomy. Worldwide there were 71 editions in 26 other languages (including 38 in print for a total of about 2.2 million copies and 33 electronic editions).", "Q721979": "Aleksandr Borisovich Zheleznyakov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0416\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432; born January 28, 1957) is a specialist in design and production of rocket and space systems. He is also a writer and journalist.\n\n", "Q102323": "Snorri Sturluson (Icelandic: [\u02c8sn\u0254r\u026a \u02c8st\u028frtl\u028fs\u0254n]; 1179 \u2013 23 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet, and politician. He was elected twice as lawspeaker to the Icelandic parliament, the Althing. He was the author of the Prose Edda or Younger Edda, which consists of Gylfaginning (\"the fooling of Gylfi\"), a narrative of Norse mythology, the Sk\u00e1ldskaparm\u00e1l, a book of poetic language, and the H\u00e1ttatal, a list of verse forms. He was also the author of the Heimskringla, a history of the Norwegian kings that begins with legendary material in Ynglinga saga and moves through to early medieval Scandinavian history. For stylistic and methodological reasons, Snorri is often taken to be the author of Egil's saga. He was assassinated in 1241 by men claiming to be agents of the King of Norway.", "Q40840": "Tampere (, also US: , Finnish: [\u02c8t\u0251mpere] (listen); Swedish: Tammerfors, Finland Swedish: [t\u0251m\u02d0\u00e6r\u02c8fors\u02d0] (listen)) is a city in Pirkanmaa, southern Finland. It is the most populous inland city in the Nordic countries.\nTampere has a population of 235,615 with the urban area holding 334,112 people and the metropolitan area, also known as the Tampere sub-region, holding 385,301 inhabitants in an area of 4,970 km2. Tampere is the second-largest urban area and third most-populous individual municipality in Finland, after the cities of Helsinki and Espoo and the most populous Finnish city outside the Greater Helsinki area, within which both Helsinki and Espoo are both located. Tampere is the major urban, economic, and cultural hub for central Finland.Tampere is wedged between two lakes, N\u00e4sij\u00e4rvi and Pyh\u00e4j\u00e4rvi. Since the two lakes differ in level by 18 metres (59 ft), the rapids linking them, Tammerkoski, have been an important power source throughout history, most recently for generating electricity. Tampere is dubbed the \"Manchester of Finland\" for its industrial past as the former center of Finnish industry, and this has given rise to its Finnish nickname \"Manse\" and terms such as \"Manserock\".Helsinki is approximately 160 kilometres (100 mi) south of Tampere, and can be reached in 1h 31m by Pendolino high-speed rail service and 2 hours by car. The distance to Turku is roughly the same. Tampere\u2013Pirkkala Airport is Finland's eighth-busiest airport, with over 230,000 passengers in 2017.\n\n", "Q66139": "Blumenstein is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun, in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q691076": "Cory McKay, better known by his stage name Cormega, is an American rapper and songwriter. His first musical debut was sparked by a shout-out from Nas on his song \"One Love\", from the critically acclaimed Illmatic album during Cormega's time in prison.\n\n", "Q230329": "Amanda Elizabeth Righetti (born April 4, 1983) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Grace Van Pelt on The Mentalist, as well as her roles in Friday the 13th, The O.C. and Colony.", "Q125944": "Kalle Pohl (born 20 August 1951 in D\u00fcren) is a German comedian and actor.", "Q67227": "Benken is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q1159888": "Daniel Francis \"Dan\" Akerson (born October 21, 1948) is the former Chairman and CEO of General Motors, serving from 2010 to 2014. Akerson succeeded Edward Whitacre as CEO on September 1, 2010, and became Chairman of the Board on January 1, 2011. He was succeeded by General Motors CEO Mary Barra. Akerson was a Managing Director of The Carlyle Group and head of global buyout prior to joining General Motors. He joined the General Motors board of directors on July 24, 2009. Akerson also serves on the boards of American Express and the U.S. Naval Academy Foundation, and is now a Vice Chairman and Special Advisor to the Board of Directors for The Carlyle Group.", "Q186023": "Quintus Aulius Q. f. Q. n. Cerretanus was twice consul in the Second Samnite War, first in 323 BC with Gaius Sulpicius Longus, when he had the conduct of the war in Apulia, and a second time in 319 with Lucius Papirius Cursor, when he conquered the Ferentani and received their city into surrender.Aulius was magister equitum to the dictator Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus in 315, and fought a battle against the Samnites without consulting the dictator, in which he was slain after killing the Samnite general.", "Q68114": "Herbert Weichmann (23 February 1896 \u2013 9 October 1983) was a German lawyer and politician (Social Democratic Party SPD) and First Mayor of Hamburg (1965\u20131971). In his position as mayor of Hamburg, he served as President of the Bundesrat (1968\u20131969).", "Q31061": "Marie Joseph Anatole \u00c9lie de Riquet de Caraman, 19th Prince de Chimay (4 July 1858 \u2013 25 July 1937), known as Joseph de Caraman-Chimay, the younger, was a Belgian aristocrat and fencer. He was titled \"Prince de Chimay\" from 1858 until his death in 1937.", "Q124482": "Anna Margarete Stegmann (July 12, 1871 \u2013 July 1, 1936) was a Swiss-German neurologist, psychoanalyst and politician. She was a Social Democratic Party member of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic.The daughter of a farmer, she was born Anna Margarete Meyer in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland. Both her parents had died by the time that she was sixteen. She worked for the Swiss postal service, completed her secondary education and went on to study medicine. Stegmann earned her doctorate in 1910 in Zurich. She joined the Social Democratic Party in 1918. After completing her internship, she received her license to practise medicine in 1920 and set up practice in Dresden.During the 1920s, she was a member of the International Psychoanalytical Association, the Schopenhauer Society and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. When the Nazi Party gained power in Germany, she left for Switzerland.From 1920 to 1924, she was an unpaid member of the city council of Dresden. She served as a member of the Reichstag from May 1924 to September 1930. In 1924, she argued for the right of women to abortion; in the spirit of those times, eugenic reasons were used to justify abortion in certain cases.She married Arnold Stegmann in 1911 but he died in 1914.She died in Arlesheim at the age of 64.", "Q594808": "J\u00f3zef Stanis\u0142aw Kosacki (1909\u20131990) was a Polish professor engineer, inventor, and an officer in the Polish Army during World War II. He is best known as the inventor of the Polish mine detector, the first man-portable mine detector, whose basic design has been in use with various armies for over 50 years.", "Q92906": "Jim Kurose (born 1956) is a Distinguished University Professor in the College of Information and Computer Sciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He was born in Greenwich, Connecticut, USA. He received his B.A. degree from Wesleyan University (physics) and, in 1984, his Ph.D. degree from Columbia University (computer science). Kurose's main area of teaching is computer networking. He is a coauthor of the well-known textbook Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach.", "Q113548": "Herbert Sausgruber (born July 24, 1946 in Bregenz) was governor of the Austrian state of Vorarlberg and chairman of the Vorarlberg \u00d6VP.", "Q133698": "Johanne Morton Whiley (born 4 July 1965) is an English radio DJ and television presenter. She was the host of the long-running weekday later weekend Jo Whiley Show on BBC Radio 1.", "Q380398": "Charles Robberts Swart, (5 December 1894 \u2013 16 July 1982), nicknamed Blackie was a South African politician who served as the last Governor-General of the Union of South Africa from 1959\u20131961 and the first State President of the Republic of South Africa from 1961\u201367.", "Q3555382": "Velvalee Dickinson (October 12, 1893 \u2013 ca 1980), was convicted of espionage against the United States on behalf of Japan during World War II. Known as the \"Doll Woman\", she used her business in New York City to send information on the United States Navy to contacts in Argentina via steganographic messages. She was finally caught when one of her contacts in Buenos Aires moved and her messages were returned.\n\n", "Q152272": "Marie-Georges-Jean M\u00e9li\u00e8s (; French: [melj\u025bs]; 8 December 1861 \u2013 21 January 1938), was a French illusionist and film director who led many technical and narrative developments in the earliest days of cinema. M\u00e9li\u00e8s was well-known for the use of special effects, popularizing such techniques as substitution splices, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted colour. He was also one of the first filmmakers to use storyboards. His films include A Trip to the Moon (1902) and The Impossible Voyage (1904), both involving strange, surreal journeys somewhat in the style of Jules Verne, and are considered among the most important early science fiction films, though their approach is closer to fantasy.", "Q231751": "Katherine Victoria Litwack (born June 13, 1986), known professionally as Kat Dennings, is an American actress. She is best known for starring as Max Black in the CBS sitcom 2 Broke Girls (2011\u201317), and Darcy Lewis in the Marvel superhero films Thor (2011) and Thor: The Dark World (2013).\nSince making her acting debut in 2000, Dennings has appeared in films including The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Big Momma's House 2 (2006), Charlie Bartlett (2007), The House Bunny (2008), Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist (2008), Defendor (2009), and Suburban Gothic (2014).", "Q955411": "Sir Alistair Allan Horne (9 November 1925 \u2013 25 May 2017) was a British journalist, biographer and historian of Europe, especially of 19th and 20th century France. He wrote more than 20 books on travel, history, and biography.", "Q114227": "Hel\u00eem Y\u00fbsiv (Am\u00fbd\u00ea, 1967) is a Syrian Kurdish writer and lawyer.\nHe studied laws at the University of Aleppo and has published in Lebanon, Turkey and Germany. He writes in both Kurdish and Arabic languages.", "Q295781": "Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorny (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0412\u0456\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439, Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439, IPA: [n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj \u02c8v\u02b2ikt\u0259r\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 p\u0250d\u02c8gorn\u0268j]; 18 February [O.S. 5 February] 1903 \u2013 12 January 1983) was a Soviet statesman who served as the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the head of state of the Soviet Union, from 1965 to 1977.\nPodgorny was born to a Ukrainian working-class family in the city of Karlovka, graduating from a local worker's school in 1926 and the Kiev Technological Institute of Food Industry in 1931. Podgorny became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1930 and climbed up the Soviet hierarchy through the industrial ladder by delivering the production goals set by the bureaucrats of the centrally planned economy. Podgorny became Second Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine in 1953, and was elevated to First Secretary of the party's Central Committee from 1957 to 1963.\nPodgorny was elected Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet after the resignation of Anastas Mikoyan in 1965 and ruled the Soviet Union in a troika with Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin following the removal of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. Podgorny became the second-most powerful figure in the Soviet Union behind Brezhnev after Kosygin's fall from power in 1968. Podgorny was removed as Chairman of the Presidium in 1977 during Brezhnev's consolidation of power as General Secretary, and later lost his seat in the Politburo. Podgorny was forced to resign from active politics and sidelined in Soviet affairs until he died in 1983.", "Q18395": "Variety Lights (Italian: Luci del variet\u00e0) is a 1951 Italian romantic drama film produced and directed by Federico Fellini and Alberto Lattuada and starring Peppino De Filippo, Carla Del Poggio, and Giulietta Masina. The film is about a beautiful but ambitious young woman who joins a traveling troupe of third-rate vaudevillians and inadvertently causes jealousy and emotional crises. A collaboration with Alberto Lattuada in production, direction, and writing, Variety Lights launched Fellini's directorial career. Prior to this film, Fellini worked primarily as a screenwriter, most notably working on Roberto Rossellini\u2019s Rome, Open City.", "Q2598": "Watford ( (listen)) is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England, 15 miles (24 km) northwest of central London.\nThe town developed on the River Colne on land belonging to St Albans Abbey until the 16th century. During the 12th century a charter was granted allowing a market, and the building of St Mary's Church began. The town grew partly due to travellers going to Berkhamsted Castle and the royal palace at Kings Langley. A mansion was built at Cassiobury in the 16th century. This was partly rebuilt in the 17th century and another country house was built at The Grove.\nThe Grand Junction Canal in 1798 and the London and Birmingham Railway in 1837 resulted in Watford's rapid growth, with paper-making mills such as John Dickinson at Croxley, influencing the development of printing in the town. Two brewers, Benskins and Sedgwicks, amalgamated and flourished in the town until their closure in the late 20th century. Hertfordshire County Council designates Watford to be a major sub-regional centre. Several head offices are based in Watford. Both the 2006 World Golf Championship and the 2013 Bilderberg Conference took place at The Grove.Watford became an urban district under the Local Government Act 1894 and a municipal borough by grant of a charter in 1922. The borough, which had 90,301 inhabitants at the time of the 2011 census, is separated from Greater London to the south by the parish of Watford Rural in the Three Rivers District. Watford Borough Council is the local authority with the Mayor of Watford as its head \u2013 one of only 18 directly elected mayors in England and Wales. Watford elects one MP for the Watford constituency. Prior to the establishment of this constituency in 1885, the area was part of the three-seat constituency of Hertfordshire.\n\n", "Q975919": "Steve Harris (born December 25, 1965) is an American actor. He has played Eugene Young on the legal drama The Practice, Detective Isaiah \"Bird\" Freeman on the NBC drama Awake and Charles McCarter in Tyler Perry\u2019s Diary of a Mad Black Woman.\n\n", "Q28256": "Christopher Alan \"Chris\" Broderick (born March 6, 1970) is an American musician, best known as the former guitarist of the American heavy metal band Megadeth. He is also formerly the lead guitarist and keyboardist for Jag Panzer, appearing on four of Jag Panzer's albums The Age of Mastery, Thane to the Throne (a concept album about Shakespeare's Macbeth), Mechanized Warfare and Casting the Stones before moving on to Megadeth, replacing Glen Drover. Before joining Megadeth and while still in Jag Panzer, he was also a touring guitarist for Nevermore between 2001 and 2003 and then again between 2006 and 2007. He is now the lead guitarist for Act of Defiance, which he formed with fellow ex-Megadeth bandmate, Shawn Drover.", "Q180334": "Nathaniel Briggs Borden (April 15, 1801 \u2013 April 10, 1865) was a businessman and politician from Fall River, Massachusetts. He served as a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts's 10th congressional district, with two non-concurrent terms between 1835 and 1843. He later served as a member of the Massachusetts General Court, first as a state Senator, and later a state representative. He also served as the third mayor of Fall River. His business career included interests textile mills, banking and railroads. He was the younger brother of noted land surveyor Simeon Borden.", "Q333634": "Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between translating (a written text) and interpreting (oral or signed communication between users of different languages); under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community.\nA translator always risks inadvertently introducing source-language words, grammar, or syntax into the target-language rendering. On the other hand, such \"spill-overs\" have sometimes imported useful source-language calques and loanwords that have enriched target languages. Translators, including early translators of sacred texts, have helped shape the very languages into which they have translated.Because of the laboriousness of the translation process, since the 1940s efforts have been made, with varying degrees of success, to automate translation or to mechanically aid the human translator. More recently, the rise of the Internet has fostered a world-wide market for translation services and has facilitated \"language localization\".", "Q1159136": "James Founty (August 31, 1907 \u2013 August 16, 1967), better known as Dan Pickett, was an American Piedmont blues and country blues singer, guitarist and songwriter. He recorded fourteen tracks for Gotham Records in 1949, several of which have been issued more recently. AllMusic noted that \"Pickett had a distinctive rhythmic style and unique phrasing that makes his records compelling decades after his release\".For many years, blues researchers failed to firmly establish Pickett's identity. With continuing diligence and the discovery of a contact made regarding royalty payments, more information emerged.", "Q61130": "Luigi Colani (born Lutz Colani 2 August 1928 \u2013 16 September 2019) was a German industrial designer.\nHis long career began in the 1950s when he designed cars for companies including Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Lancia, Volkswagen, and BMW. In 1957, he dropped his first name Lutz using the name Luigi. In the 1960s, he began designing furniture, and as of the 1970s, he expanded in numerous areas, ranging from household items such as ballpoint pens and television sets to uniforms and trucks and entire kitchens. A striking grand piano created by Colani, the Pegasus, is manufactured and sold by the Schimmel piano company.\nHis unconventional designs made him famous, not only in design circles, but also to the general public. He received numerous design awards, although his unconventional approach left him largely an outsider from the mainstream of industrial design.\n\n", "Q3298815": "Christopher James Gholson (born August 11, 1983), better known by his stage name Drumma Boy, is an American record producer, rapper, composer, and philanthropist.", "Q3178781": "James Francis Dinning (born December 4, 1952) is a Canadian Progressive Conservative politician and businessman. He was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta (1986\u20131997), and now serves on the board of directors of a variety of Canadian companies. Dinning ran for the leadership of the Alberta Progressive Conservatives to replace Ralph Klein as Premier of Alberta. Dinning raised over 2 million dollars for his leadership bid but was ultimately defeated by leadership candidate Ed Stelmach when party members voted for Klein's replacement on December 2, 2006. In June 2010, he was selected as the 12th Chancellor of the University of Calgary. Dinning sits as an advisor to Canada's Ecofiscal Commission.", "Q62439": "Kaukab Noorani Okarvi (Urdu: \u06a9\u0648\u06a9\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0691\u0648\u06cc\u200e born 17 August 1957) is an Islamic scholar, researcher, orator, writer and cleric of Ahle-Sunnat Wa Jamaa\u2019at Sunni. He is known as Khateeb-e-Millat (\"Orator of the Nation\") by his followers. He is the son of Khateeb-e-A\u2019zam Muhammad Shafee Okarvi, who was founder of the Jamaa'at-e-Ahle-Sunnat, main Sunni Barelvi organisation of Pakistan.", "Q574724": "Narathihapate (Burmese: \u1014\u101b\u101e\u102e\u101f\u1015\u1010\u1031\u1037, pronounced [n\u0259\u0279a\u0330 \u03b8\u00echa\u0330p\u0259t\u1e1b]; also Sithu IV of Pagan; 23 April 1238 \u2013 1 July 1287) was the last king of the Pagan Empire who reigned from 1256 to 1287. The king is known in Burmese history as the \"Taruk-Pyay Min\" (\"the King who Fled from the Taruk [Mongols]\") for his flight from Pagan (Bagan) to Lower Burma in 1285 during the first Mongol invasion (1277\u201387) of the kingdom. He eventually submitted to Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty in January 1287 in exchange for a Mongol withdrawal from northern Burma. But when the king was assassinated six months later by his son Thihathu, the Viceroy of Prome, the 250-year-old Pagan Empire broke apart into multiple petty states. The political fragmentation of the Irrawaddy valley and its periphery would last for another 250 years until the mid-16th century.\nThe king is unkindly remembered in the royal chronicles, which in addition to calling a cowardly king who fled from the invaders, also call him \"an ogre\" and \"glutton\" who was \"great in wrath, haughtiness and envy, exceeding covetous and ambitious.\" According to scholarship, he was certainly an ineffective ruler but unfairly scapegoated by the chronicles for the fall of the empire, whose decline predated his reign, and in fact had been \"more prolonged and agonized\".", "Q150465": "Rai Bahadur Sir Ganga Ram (22 April 1851 \u2013 10 July 1927) was an Indian civil engineer and architect. His extensive contributions to the urban fabric of Lahore, in modern Pakistan, caused Khaled Ahmed to describe him as \"the father of modern Lahore\".", "Q692219": "Paul Harding (born 1967) is an American musician and author, best known for his debut novel Tinkers (2009), which won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the 2010 PEN/Robert W. Bingham Prize among other honors. Harding was the drummer in the band Cold Water Flat throughout its existence from 1990 to 1996.", "Q5482740": "A computer programmer, sometimes called only programmer or more recently a coder (especially in more informal contexts), is a person who creates computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computers, or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software.\nA programmer's most oft-used computer language (e.g., Assembly, COBOL, C, C++, C#, JavaScript, Lisp, Python) may be prefixed to the term programmer. Some who work with web programming languages also prefix their titles with web.\nA range of occupations that involve programming also often require a range of other, similar skills, for example: (software) developer, web developer, mobile applications developer, embedded firmware developer, software engineer, computer scientist, game programmer, game developer and software analyst. The use of the term programmer as applied to these positions is sometimes considered an insulting simplification or even derogatory.", "Q44398": "Johann H\u00f6lzel (German: [\u02c8jo\u02d0han \u02c8h\u0153lt\u0361sl\u0329]; 19 February 1957 \u2013 6 February 1998), better known by his stage name Falco, was an Austrian singer and songwriter.Falco had several international hits, \"Rock Me Amadeus\", \"Der Kommissar\", \"Vienna Calling\", \"Jeanny\", \"The Sound of Musik\", \"Coming Home (Jeanny Part II, One Year Later)\", and posthumously \"Out of the Dark\". \"Rock Me Amadeus\" reached No. 1 on the Billboard charts in 1986, making him the only artist whose principal language was German to score a vocal number-one hit in the United States (Bert Kaempfert reached No. 1 in January 1961 with the instrumental \"Wonderland by Night\"). According to his estate, he has sold 20 million albums and 40 million singles, which makes him the best-selling Austrian singer of all time.\n\n", "Q420407": "Asher Monroe Book (born September 18, 1988), known professionally as Asher Monroe, is an American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actor. In 2006, after starring in an extensive run of national tours including The Sound of Music, Oliver!, and The Prince and the Pauper, Monroe signed to Warner Bros. Records, under which he released his first top 40 single \"Love Struck\" as lead singer for the boy band V Factory. From 2006-2009, he starred in multiple prime time TV & film roles including Parenthood on NBC the MGM remake of Fame and The Mentalist on CBS, after which he signed on as the flagship solo artist to the music label D Empire Entertainment. In 2011, under new label and management, he was named one of MTV's Top Ten Artists, alongside other artists such as Frank Ocean, Lana Del Rey, and Avicii. In December 2012, he appeared on the sponsored cover of Billboard magazine, after he which he released his two latest singles: Here With You (co-written by Monroe and produced by OneRepublic frontman Ryan Tedder) and Hush Hush (co-produced by Monroe). Monroe began recording collaborations in late 2013 with Chris Brown and Sean Kingston in Los Angeles, CA for his upcoming solo album.", "Q204932": "Antonio Carlo Napoleone Gallenga (1810\u20131895) was an Italian author and patriot.", "Q918511": "Scandal (Japanese: \u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30c0\u30eb, Hepburn: Sukyandaru, stylized as SCANDAL) is an all-female Japanese rock band from Osaka. Formed in August 2006 by four high school girls, they played live street performances until they were noticed and signed to the indie label Kitty Records. Although all four members have provided lead vocals, their primary roles are Haruna on vocals and rhythm guitar, Mami on lead guitar, Tomomi on bass guitar, and Rina on drums. In 2008, they released three singles and a mini-album while simultaneously touring the United States, France, and Hong Kong. That October, Scandal released their major debut single, \"Doll\", on Epic Records Japan.\nThe band has performed the theme songs for several anime series, including \"Sh\u014djo S\" and \"Harukaze\" for Bleach and \"Shunkan Sentimental\" for Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood. With numerous overseas performances and anime theme songs, Scandal has built a considerable international fanbase. They sold 1,4 million copies in Japan.\nDuring their \"BEST Xmas 2018 Concert\" at Akasaka Blitz, they announced that they would establish their own private record label named \"her\" in 2019.", "Q287385": "Nights in Rodanthe is a 2008 American romantic drama film. It is an adaptation of Nicholas Sparks' 2002 novel of the same name. The film stars Richard Gere and Diane Lane in their third screen collaboration after The Cotton Club (1984) and Unfaithful (2002). The film is rated PG-13 by the MPAA for \"some sensuality\" and was released on September 26, 2008.\nIt was filmed in the small seaside village of Rodanthe, the northernmost village of the inhabited areas of Hatteras Island as well as North Topsail Beach, North Carolina.", "Q715362": "Michael Avery Ross (born August 2, 1961) is an American businessman and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party who was his party's 2014 nominee for Governor of Arkansas. He also served as the U.S. Representative for Arkansas's 4th congressional district from 2001 to 2013. He was also a member of the Arkansas Senate from 1991 to 2001, member of the Nevada County Quorum Court from 1983 to 1985, and is a former small business owner.\nOn July 25, 2011, Ross announced that he would not seek re-election to the House in 2012. He instead became the Democratic nominee for governor of Arkansas in the general election scheduled for November 4, 2014. He faced the Republican choice, former U.S. Representative Asa Hutchinson of Arkansas's 3rd congressional district and the 2006 failed nominee against outgoing Governor Mike Beebe, a Democrat. Ross lost to Hutchinson in the general election which effectively ended his undefeated streak.\nHe presently serves as an officer and senior vice president at Little Rock-based Southwest Power Pool, which manages the electric grid and operates the wholesale electric market for all or parts of 14 states.\n\n", "Q115886": "Elmar Ledergerber (born April 4, 1944 in Engelberg) was a previous Mayor of Zurich. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland and was once named one of the most outstanding mayors of the year by a London think-tank. However he has also been criticized for not seeing through projects. He is currently active in promoting tourism to Zurich.Ledergerber holds a doctoral degree in Economics from the University of St. Gallen.", "Q4717805": "Sir Alex Smith (15 October 1922 \u2013 28 February 2003) was a Scottish industrial scientist and educator. Born in Lossiemouth, Moray, he was educated at Lossiemouth, Elgin Academy and, following the winning of a scholarship, Aberdeen University.\nThe Second World War interrupted his university years, but he returned to Aberdeen after serving the war years in the Royal Navy. After graduation, he went to work for Rolls-Royce, where he worked his way up to Head of Advanced Research and played a major part in the development of the RB211 aircraft engine.\nOn leaving Rolls Royce, Smith took up the challenge of creating Manchester Polytechnic, which eventually become Manchester's largest university, Manchester Metropolitan. He was immensely proud of his achievements as Polytechnic's first director.\nHe died in Alderley Edge, Cheshire, England at the age of 80. His autobiography Lock up The Swings on Sundays was published by The Memoir Club.", "Q60549": "Gustav Nachtigal (pronounced [\u02c8\u0261us\u02d0tav \u02c8na\u00e7t\u026a:\u0261al]; born 23 February 1834 \u2013 20 April 1885) was a German explorer of Central and West Africa. He is further known as the German Empire's consul-general for Tunisia and Commissioner for West Africa. His mission as commissioner resulted in Togoland and Kamerun becoming the first colonies of a German colonial empire. The Gustav-Nachtigal-Medal, awarded by the Berlin Geographical Society, is named after him.", "Q374218": "The Bottom of the Bottle is a 1956 CinemaScope American drama film based on the novel written by Georges Simenon during his stay in Nogales, Arizona. The novel was adapted for film by Sydney Boehm and directed by Henry Hathaway.", "Q236759": "Sarah White Drew (born October 1, 1980) is an American actress. She is known for playing Hannah Rogers in The WB family drama series Everwood (2004\u20132006) and Dr. April Kepner in the ABC medical drama series Grey's Anatomy (2009\u20132018).", "Q511817": "Andris Nelsons (born 18 November 1978) is a Latvian conductor. He is currently the music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra and the Gewandhauskapellmeister of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra.", "Q77035": "Udo Kier (born Udo Kierspe; 14 October 1944) is a German actor and voice actor. Known primarily as a character actor, Kier has appeared in over 200 films in both leading and supporting roles throughout Europe and North America. He has collaborated with acclaimed filmmakers like Lars von Trier, Gus van Sant, Werner Herzog, Walerian Borowczyk, Kleber Mendon\u00e7a Filho, Dario Argento, Charles Matton, and Paul Morrissey.", "Q434315": "Russ Adams (July 30, 1930 \u2013 June 28, 2017) was an American photographer. He was called by his peers the \"dean\" of modern tennis photography. In a Boston Globe profile (July 12, 2007) of Russ Adams regarding his July 2007 induction into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island, Billie Jean King stated: \"Russ is a national treasure.\" \"He's our dean, our guru, our guardian. Believe me, the players look for him and love him,\" King added.\nHe covered the sport for 50 years and created associated tennis photography rules. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island in July 2007 along with players Pete Sampras, Arantxa S\u00e1nchez Vicario, and Sven Davidson.\nAdams spent the last 50 years of his life visually documenting the history of tennis at over 400 events. He is the face behind the camera and his work has illuminated the greatest moments and stories in the sport.\nAdams photographed Grand Slam Tournaments, the World Championship Tour (WCT), all major United States Tennis Association (USTA) tournaments, Fed Cup, Davis Cup, and tennis at the Olympic Games. Watch [1] five video vignettes about the Australian Open that show Russ and highlight his work, produced and aired by The Tennis Channel, that ran on TV during this year's tournament.\nAdams credited learning tennis photographer from 17-time Grand Slam Champion, the \"Queen Mother of American Tennis,\" Hazel Wightman, at Longwood Criket Club in Chestnut Hill, MA, where Wightman was a member.\nIn 1967 he became the official (volunteer) photographer of the U.S. National Championship at Forest Hills. At the birth of Open Tennis he developed and implemented the system for on-court photographers at the 1969 U.S. Open Championship in tandem with the tournament director Bill Talbert.\nHe served as director/liaison of photographers for the U.S. Open, and was instrumental in developing the universal \"Code of Conduct\" in conjunction with the Professional Tennis Council to be used by photographers covering tennis events around the world.\nHe was a founding member of the International Tennis Federation Media Commission and served on the Board for 17 years.\nAdams's collection of tennis images was considered the largest privately held source of images in the tennis world. \"His portfolio of photos is probably the most comprehensive volume chronicling the game of tennis from its professional infancy,\" stated fellow International Tennis Hall of Famer Jim Courier in a Northeast Tennis Magazine (Summer 2007) cover profile of Adams.\nAdams died on June 28, 2017, at age 86.", "Q885355": "Bloomfield Hills is a city located in Metro Detroit's northern suburbs in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan, 20.2 miles (32.5 km) northwest of downtown Detroit. The city is almost completely surrounded by Bloomfield Township. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 3,869.", "Q8031780": "Wonder Woman is an unaired television pilot produced by Warner Bros. Television and DC Entertainment for NBC, based on the DC Comics character of the same name. David E. Kelley wrote the pilot, which was directed by Jeffrey Reiner. Adrianne Palicki starred as the main character.\nThe Wonder Woman pilot was expected to debut in 2011, but NBC opted not to buy the series.\nPedro Pascal, who played Ed Indelicato in the pilot, was later cast in another Wonder Woman related project, the 2020 movie Wonder Woman 1984.", "Q818504": "Raymond Scott (born July 18, 1965), better known by his stage name Benzino, is an American rapper, hip hop media executive and record producer. He is known for having appeared on VH1 reality TV series Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta and TV One original series Next :15.\n\n", "Q228567": "Zuhal Olcay (Turkish pronunciation: [zu\u02c8hal ol\u02c8d\u0292aj]; born 10 August 1957) is a Turkish actress and singer.\n\n", "Q71444": "Ernest Casimir I (22 December 1573 \u2013 2 June 1632) was a Count of Nassau-Dietz and Stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe.\n\n", "Q181995": "Antoine-Joseph \"Adolphe\" Sax (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0251\u0303twan \u0292\u0254z\u025bf ad\u0254lf saks]; 6 November 1814 \u2013 7 February 1894) was a Belgian inventor and musician who created the saxophone in the early 1840s, patenting it in 1846. He also invented the saxotromba, saxhorn and saxtuba. He played the flute and clarinet.", "Q261601": "Raw Deal is a 1986 American action film directed by John Irvin and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Kathryn Harrold, Darren McGavin and Sam Wanamaker. The film was released in North America on June 6, 1986. The film tells the story of an elderly and embittered high-ranking FBI chief, Harry Shannon, who wants to get revenge against a Mafia organization and sends a former FBI agent and now small-town sheriff Mark Kaminski to destroy the organization from the inside.\nThe film received mixed reviews and was a failure at the box office, grossing $16.2 million against its $11\u201312 million budget.", "Q66138": "Annemarie Renger (n\u00e9e Wildung), (7 October 1919 in Leipzig \u2013 3 March 2008 in Remagen-Oberwinter), was a German politician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).\nFrom 1972 until 1976 she served as the 5th President of the Bundestag. She was the first woman to hold this office and the first woman to hold one of the five highest federal offices of the Federal Republic of Germany.\nShe was nominated as the presidential candidate of the SPD in 1979, the first woman to be nominated for President by a major party.", "Q61657": "August Stramm (29 July 1874 \u2013 1 September 1915) was a German poet and playwright who is considered one of the first of the expressionists. He also served in the Imperial German Army and was killed in action during World War I.\nHe worked in the German Post Office Ministry as a young man and served his mandatory year of duty in the German Army in 1896\u201397. After this, he travelled to the United States several times over the next few years before settling in Berlin. In 1912\u201313, he wrote two plays, Sancta Susanna (which was subsequently used as a libretto for an early opera by Hindemith) and Die Haidebraut, the first of many to appear before the war.\nStramm was also a reservist in the German Army and had achieved the rank of Captain, the highest available to civilians. He was called to active duty when war broke out in August 1914. In January 1915, Stramm was awarded the Iron Cross (Second Class) for his service in France. Later that year, he was sent to the Eastern Front, where he served as Company Leader, later being promoted to Battalion Commander. He was killed in hand-to-hand combat with the Imperial Russian Army in Horodec near Kobryn, in modern Belarus.\nHe was discovered by the critic, editor, and impresario Herwarth Walden, who went on to publish all of Stramm's poems in his journal Der Sturm (The Storm). A collection of Stramm's poems, titled You, was published whilst Stramm was at the front in 1915 and a second, Dripping Blood, was published after his death in 1919. He became a major influence on the poets of the so-called Sturm-Kreis (Storm Circle) which included Otto Nebel and Franz Richard Behrens.English translations of poems by Stramm were published by Patrick Bridgwater (August Stramm, 22 Poems, 1969) and Jeremy Adler (Tim Cross, The Lost Voices of World War I, 1988).", "Q539143": "Simon Robert Napier-Bell (born 22 April 1939) is an English record producer, music manager, author and journalist. At different times, he has managed artists as diverse as the Yardbirds, John's Children, Marc Bolan, Japan, London, Ultravox, Boney M, Sinitta, Wham!, Blue Mercedes, Alsou and Candi Staton, among others.\n\n", "Q206842": "Maximus the Confessor (Greek: \u039c\u03ac\u03be\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u1f49\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2), also known as Maximus the Theologian and Maximus of Constantinople (c.\u2009580 \u2013 13 August 662), was a Christian monk, theologian, and scholar.\nIn his early life, Maximus was a civil servant, and an aide to the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius. However, he gave up this life in the political sphere to enter into the monastic life. Maximus had studied diverse schools of philosophy, and certainly what was common for his time, the Platonic dialogues, the works of Aristotle, and numerous later Platonic commentators on Aristotle and Plato, like Plotinus, Porphyry, Iamblichus, and Proclus. When one of his friends began espousing the Christological position known as Monothelitism, Maximus was drawn into the controversy, in which he supported an interpretation of the Chalcedonian formula on the basis of which it was asserted that Jesus had both a human and a divine will. Maximus is venerated in both the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches. He was eventually persecuted for his Christological positions; following a trial, his tongue and right hand were mutilated.\nHe was then exiled and died on 13 August 662, in Tsageri in present-day Georgia. However, his theology was upheld by the Third Council of Constantinople and he was venerated as a saint soon after his death. It is highly uncommon among the saints that he has two feast days: 13 August and 21 January. His title of \"Confessor\" means that he suffered for the Christian faith, but was not directly martyred.", "Q313283": "James Metcalfe Campbell Bower (born 22 November 1988) is an English actor, singer, and model. He is best known for his roles as Anthony Hope in Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, Caius in The Twilight Saga, the young Gellert Grindelwald in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 1 and Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald, Jace Wayland in The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones and playwright Kit Marlowe in the short-lived series Will.\nBower is also the lead vocalist, guitarist and founding member of Counterfeit, a band formed in 2015 in London.", "Q4932722": "Mohamad \"Bob\" Hasan (24 February 1931 \u2013 31 March 2020) was an Indonesian businessman, who served briefly as trade and industry minister in 1998 and was later jailed for corruption. He was one of the most prominent ethnic Chinese cronies of long-serving Indonesian president Suharto and was nicknamed \"the plywood king\" because of his forestry businesses. Hasan served as the chairman of the Indonesian Athletics Association from September 1984 until his death.", "Q180453": "Dolly Rebecca Parton (born January 19, 1946) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, actress, author, businesswoman, and humanitarian, known primarily for her work in country music. After achieving success as a songwriter for others, Parton made her album debut in 1967 with Hello, I'm Dolly. With steady success during the remainder of the 1960s (both as a solo artist and with a series of duet albums with Porter Wagoner), her sales and chart peak came during the 1970s and continued into the 1980s. Parton's albums in the 1990s did not sell as well, but she achieved commercial success again in the new millennium and has released albums on various independent labels since 2000, including her own label, Dolly Records.\nParton's music includes 25 Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)-certified gold, platinum and multi-platinum awards. She has had 25 songs reach No. 1 on the Billboard country music charts, a record for a female artist (tied with Reba McEntire). She has 41 career top-10 country albums, a record for any artist, and she has 110 career charted singles over the past 40 years. She has garnered ten Grammy Awards, two Academy Award nominations, ten Country Music Association Awards, seven Academy of Country Music Awards, three American Music Awards, and is one of only seven female artists to win the Country Music Association's Entertainer of the Year Award. Parton has received 47 Grammy nominations.\nIn 1999, Parton was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. She has composed over 3,000 songs, including \"I Will Always Love You\" (a two-time U.S. country chart-topper, as well as an international pop hit for Whitney Houston), \"Jolene\", \"Coat of Many Colors\", and \"9 to 5\". She is also one of the few to have received at least one nomination from the Academy Awards, Grammy Awards, Tony Awards, and Emmy Awards. As an actress, she has starred in films such as 9 to 5 (1980) and The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (1982), for which she earned Golden Globe nominations for Best Actress, as well as Rhinestone (1984), Steel Magnolias (1989), Straight Talk (1992) and Joyful Noise (2012).", "Q5590": "Four Lions is a 2010 British satirical dark comedy film, directed by Chris Morris in his directorial debut, and written by Morris, Sam Bain and Jesse Armstrong. The film, a jihad satire following a group of homegrown terrorist jihadis from Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, stars Riz Ahmed, Kayvan Novak, Nigel Lindsay, Arsher Ali and Adeel Akhtar.", "Q109277": "Argula von Grumbach n\u00e9e von Stauff (1492 \u2013 c. 1554) was a Bavarian writer and noblewoman who, starting in the early 1520s, became involved in the Protestant Reformation debates going on in Germany. She became the first Protestant woman writer, publishing letters and poems promoting and defending Martin Luther as well as his co-worker Philip Melanchthon and other Protestant groups. She is most known for directly challenging the University of Ingolstadt's faculty when she wrote a letter to them speaking out against the arrest of a Lutheran student. As one of the few women at the time openly speaking out her views, her writings sparked controversy and often became bestsellers, with tens of thousands of copies of her letters and poems circulating within a few years of their publication.\n\n", "Q75622": "Elizabeth Jane Hurley (born 10 June 1965) is an English businesswoman, actress, and model. She has been associated with the cosmetics company Est\u00e9e Lauder since the company gave Hurley her first modelling job at the age of 29. They have featured her as a representative and model for their products, especially perfumes such as Sensuous, Intuition, and Pleasures, since 1995. Hurley owns an eponymous beachwear line.As an actress, her best-known film roles to date have been as Vanessa Kensington in Mike Myers' hit spy comedy, Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997) and as the Devil in Bedazzled (2000). In 2015, Hurley began starring in the E! original series The Royals.\nIn the 1990s, Hurley became known as the girlfriend of Hugh Grant. In 1994, as Grant became the focus of international media attention due to the success of his film Four Weddings and a Funeral, Hurley accompanied him to the film's Los Angeles premiere in a plunging black Versace dress held together with gold safety pins, which gained her instant media attention.", "Q3738699": "A forester is a person who practices forestry, the science, art, and profession of managing forests. Foresters engage in a broad range of activities including ecological restoration and management of protected areas. Foresters manage forests to provide a variety of objectives including direct extraction of raw material, outdoor recreation, conservation, hunting and aesthetics. Emerging management practices include managing forestlands for biodiversity, carbon sequestration and air quality.\nMany people confuse the role of the forester with that of the logger, but most foresters are concerned not only with the harvest of timber, but also with the sustainable management of forests to (in the words of Gifford Pinchot) \"provide the greatest good for the greatest number in the long term\". Another notable forester, Jack C. Westoby, remarked that \"forestry is concerned not with trees, but with how trees can serve people\".", "Q327126": "Curtis Matthew \"Curt\" Kirkwood (born January 10, 1959) is an American musician best known as the lead singer, guitarist and primary songwriter for alternative rock group Meat Puppets. He grew up in Phoenix, Arizona, but currently resides in Austin, Texas.", "Q1452281": "Fred Estby (born 14 March 1972) is a Swedish drummer. He is best known as the drummer and main songwriter of the Swedish death metal band Dismember. Before he played drums in the band Carnage. Estby appeared in various other projects including The A-Bombs (drums), The Clint Eastwood Experience (drums), Daemon (vocals), and Shubniggurat (vocals), Dismemberizer (drums), Parodi (guitar), Death Breath (vocals). He has contributed vocals to the band Centinex of the album Subconscious Lobotomy. Estby also appeared as a guest singer of Entombed in 1997 during a show in Stockholm and sang \"Left Hand Path\".\nAfter the release of 'The God That Never Was' and some touring, Fred Estby left the band \"after long and careful consideration\". In a posting on the official site on April 20, 2007 Fred cites the demands of touring and the needs of his family as key reasons for him leaving the band. Fred's statements appears as \"My decision to put my family in first hand makes it impossible to keep on touring and commit to the band full time. I want to thank all the fans, friends, bands and all the other cool people i've met through the years and I wish Dismember all the best in the future. Fred.\"\nPresently, Fred plays drums on the band The Dagger, a hard rock/heavy metal band from Stockholm, Sweden formed in 2009 by Fred Estby, David Blomqvist, Tobias Cristiansson and Jani Kataja. \nThe Dagger has just released their first album through Century Media.", "Q888671": "Robert J. Sherwood Jr. (May 30, 1914 \u2013 January 23, 1981), known professionally as Bobby Sherwood, was a guitarist, trumpeter, bandleader, and radio host.", "Q275674": "Sunny Doench (born May 21, 1972, Dayton, Ohio) is an American actress. She was reportedly the original choice to play the title character's sidekick Gabrielle (Xena: Warrior Princess) in Xena: Warrior Princess, but reportedly declined because she did not want to move away from her boyfriend. She has been married to Nathan John Stricker since August 23, 2014.", "Q482919": "A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or through other artistic drawings.\nIn literature, a caricature is a description of a person using exaggeration of some characteristics and oversimplification of others.Caricatures can be insulting or complimentary and can serve a political purpose or be drawn solely for entertainment. Caricatures of politicians are commonly used in editorial cartoons, while caricatures of movie stars are often found in entertainment magazines.", "Q638583": "Roy Murdoch Buchanan Williamson (25 June 1936 \u2013 12 August 1990) was a Scottish songwriter and folk musician, most notably with The Corries. Williamson is best known for writing \"Flower of Scotland\", which has become the de facto national anthem of Scotland used at international sporting events.", "Q273205": "Andrea Rose Fraser (born 1965) is a performance artist, mainly known for her work in the area of institutional critique. Fraser is based in New York and Los Angeles and is currently Department Head and Professor of Interdisciplinary Studio of the UCLA School of Arts and Architecture at the University of California, Los Angeles.\n\n", "Q1237656": "James Rizzi (October 5, 1950 \u2013 December 26, 2011) was an American pop artist who was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York.", "Q110726": "Gustav Just (16 June 1921 \u2013 23 February 2011) was First Secretary of the German Writers' Association (DSV) (German: Deutscher Schriftstellerverband) and editor-in-chief of the East German weekly Sonntag until 1957, when he was sentenced to four years imprisonment after a show trial in which he was accused of having engaged in anti-constitutional activities (\"inciting to boycott\") along with Walter Janka, Heinz Z\u00f6ger, and Richard Wolf. He was born in Reinowitz, Bohemia.\nAfter his release he became a prolific translator of primarily Czech but also Slovak works into German and was \"rehabilitated\" in 1990.\nHe served in the Brandenburg State Parliament (as its Alterspr\u00e4sident, or \"chairman by seniority\") in the newly unified Germany until he was forced to resign in 1992 following allegations of having participated in wartime atrocities on the Eastern Front during World War II.\nIn 1998 he received the Johann-Heinrich-Vo\u00df-Preis f\u00fcr \u00dcbersetzung.", "Q951110": "Henry Lincoln (born Henry Soskin; 12 February 1930) is a British author, television presenter, scriptwriter, and actor. He co-wrote three Doctor Who multi-part serials in the 1960s, and \u2014 starting in the 1970s \u2014 inspired three Chronicle BBC Two documentaries on the alleged mysteries surrounding the French village of Rennes-le-Ch\u00e2teau (on which he was writer and presenter) \u2014 and, from the 1980s, co-authored and authored a series of books of which the The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail was the most popular, becoming the inspiration for Dan Brown's 2003 best-selling novel, The Da Vinci Code. He is now the last living person to have written Doctor Who in the 1960s.", "Q182522": "George Harry Heilmeier (May 22, 1936 \u2013 April 21, 2014) was an American engineer, manager, and a pioneering contributor to liquid crystal displays (LCDs), for which he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Heilmeier's work is an IEEE Milestone.\n\n", "Q204933": "Decapitation is the complete separation of the head (Latin: caput) from the body. Such an injury is fatal to humans and animals, since it deprives the brain of oxygenated blood and blood pressure, while all other organs are deprived of the involuntary functions that are needed for the body to function.\nThe term beheading refers to the act of deliberately decapitating a person, either as a means of murder or as an execution; it may be accomplished with an axe, a sword, a knife, a machete or by mechanical means such as a guillotine or chainsaw. An executioner who carries out executions by beheading is sometimes called a headsman. Accidental decapitation can be the result of an explosion, a car or industrial accident, improperly administered execution by hanging or other violent injury. Suicide by decapitation is rare but not unknown. The national laws of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Qatar permit beheading, but in practice, Saudi Arabia is the only country that continues to behead its offenders regularly as a punishment for crime.Less commonly, decapitation can also refer to the removal of the head from a body that is already dead. This might be done to take the head as a trophy, for public display, to make the deceased more difficult to identify, for cryonics, or for other, more esoteric reasons.", "Q694669": "Count J\u00e1nos Eszterh\u00e1zy (Hungarian: [\u02c8ja\u02d0no\u0283 \u02c8\u025bst\u025brha\u02d0zi]; rarely Slovak: J\u00e1n Esterh\u00e1zi; March 14, 1901 \u2013 March 8, 1957) was a prominent ethnic Hungarian politician in inter-war Czechoslovakia and later in the First Slovak Republic. He was a member of the Czechoslovak Parliament and of the Slovak Assembly. After the Second World War, he was illegally deported to the Soviet Union, sentenced on trumped-up charges at a show trial, and imprisoned. In the meantime he was sentenced, in absentia, to death by the National Court in Bratislava on the charges of High Treason to the State, collaboration with enemy, the breaking-up of Czechoslovakia, and his participation in an anti-democratic regime as a deputy of the Slovak Assembly. The sentence was not executed as a consequence of a Presidential pardon, following his return to Czechoslovakia from Soviet Union. He died in prison in 1957.\nThe Federation of Hungarian Jewish Communities have described him as a hero for saving Jews during World War II. On the other hand, the Federation of the Jewish Communities in Slovakia have publicly criticised J\u00e1nos Esterh\u00e1zy and rejected efforts to present him as \"democratic, antifascist fighter and fearless savior of Jews\".", "Q42930": "Dustin Lee Hoffman (born August 8, 1937) is an American actor and filmmaker. He is known for his versatile portrayals of antiheroes and emotionally vulnerable characters. He is the recipient of numerous accolades including two Academy Awards, six Golden Globe Awards\n(including the Cecil B. DeMille Award), four BAFTAs, three Drama Desk Awards, and two Emmy Awards. Hoffman received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1999 and the Kennedy Center Honors Award in 2012.\nHoffman first drew critical praise for starring in the play Eh?, for which he won a Theatre World Award and a Drama Desk Award. His breakthrough film role was as Benjamin Braddock in critically acclaimed and iconic The Graduate (1967). Since that time, Hoffman's career has largely been focused on the cinema, with sporadic returns to television and to the stage. Hoffman's films include Midnight Cowboy, Little Big Man, Papillon, Lenny, Marathon Man, All the President's Men, Kramer vs. Kramer, Tootsie, Rain Man, Hook, and Wag the Dog. He made his directorial debut in 2012, with Quartet, and has done voice work for the Kung Fu Panda film series and The Tale of Despereaux.", "Q6927": "The 20th (twentieth) century was a century that began on\nJanuary 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000. It was the tenth and final century of the 2nd millennium.\nThe 20th century was dominated by a chain of events that heralded significant changes in world history as to redefine the era: flu pandemic, World War I and World War II, nuclear power and space exploration, nationalism and decolonization, the Cold War and post-Cold War conflicts; intergovernmental organizations and cultural homogenization through developments in emerging transportation and communications technology; poverty reduction and world population growth, awareness of environmental degradation, ecological extinction; and the birth of the Digital Revolution, enabled by the wide adoption of MOS transistors and integrated circuits. It saw great advances in power generation, communication and medical technology that by the late 1980s allowed for near-instantaneous worldwide computer communication and genetic modification of life.\nThe 20th century saw the largest transformation of the world order since the Fall of Rome: global total fertility rates, sea level rise and ecological collapses increased; the resulting competition for land and dwindling resources accelerated deforestation, water depletion, and the mass extinction of many of the world's species and decline in the population of others; consequences which are now being dealt with. The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8\u00b0 Celsius (1.4\u00b0 Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 \u00b0C per decade.The repercussions of the World Wars, Cold War and Globalization crafted a world where people are more united than any previous time in human history, as exemplified by the establishment of international law, international aid, and the United Nations. The Marshall Plan\u2014which spent $13 billion ($100 billion in 2018 US dollars) to rebuild the economies of post-war nations\u2014launched \"Pax Americana\". Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union created enormous tensions around the world which manifested in various armed conflicts and the omnipresent danger of nuclear proliferation. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 after the collapse of its European alliance was heralded by the West as the end of communism, though by the century's end roughly one in six people on Earth lived under communist rule, mostly in China which was rapidly rising as an economic and geopolitical power. \nIt took over two-hundred thousand years of human history up to 1804 for the world's population to reach 1 billion; world population reached an estimated 2 billion in 1927; by late 1999, the global population reached 6 billion. Global literacy averaged 80%. Global campaigns for the eradication of smallpox and other diseases responsible for more human deaths than all wars and natural disasters combined yielded unprecedented results; smallpox now only existed in labs. Trade improvements reversed the limited set of food-producing techniques used since the Neolithic period, greatly enhancing the diversity of foods available, resulting in an upturn in the quality of human nutrition. Until the early 19th century, life expectancy was about thirty in most populations; global lifespan-averages exceeded 40+ years for the first time in history, with over half achieving 70+ years (three decades longer than a century earlier).", "Q457856": "Jessica Lucy 'Decca' Freeman-Mitford (11 September 1917 \u2013 22 July 1996) was an English author, one of the six aristocratic Mitford sisters noted for their sharply conflicting politics.\nJessica, who represented the far left, married her second cousin Esmond Romilly, killed in World War II, and then American civil rights lawyer Robert Treuhaft, with whom she joined the American Communist Party and worked closely in the Civil Rights Congress. Both refused to testify in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee, but later resigned from the party out of disillusion with Stalinism.\nHer memoirs Hons and Rebels, and a social commentary The American Way of Death, both became classics.", "Q630861": "Arb\u00ebn Xhaferi (24 January 1948 \u2013 15 August 2012) was an Albanian politician in Macedonia. He was born in Tetovo, Yugoslavia, and died in 2012 at the Skopje Hospital after a cerebral hemorrhage. Xhaferi was president of the Democratic Party of Albanians, an ethnic Albanian political party in the Republic of Macedonia, and was an advocate of rights for ethnic Albanians in the country. He is best known for calling for a change in the Preamble of the Constitution. He published two works focusing on the Albanian minority in Macedonia, \"The DPA Non-Paper\", and \"The Challenges of Democracy in Multiethnic States,\" reiterating the beliefs of the PDPA.", "Q119702": "Anne (6 February 1665 \u2013 1 August 1714) was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland between 8 March 1702 and 1 May 1707. On 1 May 1707, under the Acts of Union, the kingdoms of England and Scotland united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain. She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death in 1714.\nAnne was born in the reign of Charles II to his younger brother and heir presumptive, James, whose suspected Roman Catholicism was unpopular in England. On Charles's instructions, Anne and her elder sister, Mary, were raised as Anglicans. Mary married their Dutch Protestant cousin, William III of Orange, in 1677, and Anne married Prince George of Denmark in 1683. On Charles's death in 1685, James succeeded to the throne, but just three years later he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Mary and William became joint monarchs. Although the sisters had been close, disagreements over Anne's finances, status, and choice of acquaintances arose shortly after Mary's accession and they became estranged. William and Mary had no children. After Mary's death in 1694, William reigned alone until his own death in 1702, when Anne succeeded him.\nDuring her reign, Anne favoured moderate Tory politicians, who were more likely to share her Anglican religious views than their opponents, the Whigs. The Whigs grew more powerful during the course of the War of the Spanish Succession, until 1710 when Anne dismissed many of them from office. Her close friendship with Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, turned sour as the result of political differences. The Duchess took revenge with an unflattering description of the Queen in her memoirs, which was widely accepted by historians until Anne was re-assessed in the late 20th century.\nAnne was plagued by ill health throughout her life, and from her thirties, she grew increasingly ill and obese. Despite seventeen pregnancies by her husband, she died without surviving issue and was the last monarch of the House of Stuart. Under the Act of Settlement 1701, which excluded all Catholics, she was succeeded by her second cousin George I of the House of Hanover.", "Q671183": "Mudvayne was an American heavy metal band from Peoria, Illinois formed in 1996. They are known for their sonic experimentation, innovative album art, face and body paint, masks and uniforms. The band has sold over six million records worldwide, including nearly three million in the United States.\nThe group consisted of Chad Gray (lead vocals), Greg Tribbett (guitar, vocals), Ryan Martinie (bass guitar) and Matthew McDonough (drums). Formed in 1996, Mudvayne became popular in the late-1990s Decatur, Illinois underground music scene. The band released an EP, Kill, I Oughtta, in 1997 and a successful debut album, L.D. 50, in 2000. They had global success with The End of All Things to Come, Lost and Found and The New Game.\nSince 2010, the band has been inactive, with its members performing in other projects and making guest appearances. Chad Gray is the vocalist for the heavy metal supergroup Hellyeah, of which Greg Tribbett was also a member until 2014. Gray founded an independent record label, Bullygoat Records, which produces heavy-metal albums. In early 2015, Chad Gray noted that the band's return seemed very unlikely, unless \"everybody licked their wounds and got over it\".", "Q349199": "Ali Kemal Bey (Ottoman Turkish: \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u200c \u0628\u0643\u200e; 1869 \u2013 6 November 1922) was an Ottoman-born Turkish journalist, newspaper editor, poet and a liberal-leaning politician, who was for some three months Minister of the Interior in the government of Damat Ferid Pasha, the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. He was murdered during the Turkish War of Independence.\nKemal is the father of Zeki Kuneralp, who was the former Turkish ambassador in Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and Spain. In addition, he is the paternal grandfather of both the Turkish diplomat Selim Kuneralp, and the British politician Stanley Johnson. Through Stanley Johnson, Ali Kemal is the great-grandfather of British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, as well as Jo Johnson (former MP for Orpington), the journalist Rachel Johnson, and the entrepreneur Leo Johnson.", "Q161861": "Quint\u00edn Babila Paredes (born Quint\u00edn Paredes y Babila; September 9, 1884 \u2013 January 30, 1973) was a Filipino lawyer, politician, and statesman.", "Q337453": "Christopher Stephen Grayling (born 1 April 1962) is a British Conservative Party politician and author who served as Secretary of State for Transport from 2016 to 2019. He has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Epsom and Ewell since 2001. Grayling previously worked in the television and film industry.\nGrayling was born in London and studied History at Cambridge University. He wrote a number of books as well as working for the BBC and Channel 4 before going into politics. A member of the Social Democratic Party until 1988, he then joined the Conservatives. First elected to Parliament in the 2001 general election for Epsom and Ewell, he was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet of David Cameron in 2005 as Shadow Secretary of State for Transport.\nFrom 2007 he became the Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, and in 2009 he was appointed Shadow Home Secretary. Following the 2010 general election and the formation of the Coalition Government, Grayling was made the Minister of State for Employment.\nIn September 2012, he was appointed to the UK Cabinet as the Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice from 2012 to 2015. He was the first non-lawyer to have served as Lord Chancellor for at least 440 years. He was the Leader of the House of Commons and the Lord President of the Council from 2015 to 2016.", "Q45087": "Cyril of Turov, alternately Kirill of Turov (Church Slavonic \u041a\u0477\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044a \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043ai\u0439, Belarusian: \u041a\u0456\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0430\u045e\u0441\u043a\u0456, Russian: \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 1130\u20131182) was a bishop and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church. He was one of the first and finest theologians of Kievan Rus'; he lived in Principality of Turov, now southern Belarus. His feast day in the Orthodox Church is on 28 April. He was added to the Roman Catholic Church calendar by Pope Paul VI in 1969.", "Q555933": "Colin John Burgess (born 16 November 1946) is an Australian musician who was a drummer in the rock group the Masters Apprentices from 1968 to 1972 and was the original drummer for hard rockers AC/DC (November 1973\u2013February 1974). The Masters Apprentices had top 20 singles chart success with \"5:10 Man\", \"Think about Tomorrow Today\", \"Turn Up Your Radio\" and \"Because I Love You\". In 1998 The Masters Apprentices, with Burgess, were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame. He has performed in various bands with his brother, Denny Burgess, on bass guitar and vocals, including His Majesty.", "Q90876": "Lothar Ahrendt (born 13 March 1936 in Erfurt) is one of the former interior ministers of the German Democratic Republic.", "Q55294": "Sir Kenneth Charles Branagh (; born 10 December 1960) is a British actor, director, film producer and screenwriter. Branagh trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London; in 2015 he succeeded Richard Attenborough as its president. He has both directed and starred in several film adaptations of William Shakespeare's plays, including Henry V (1989) (for which he was nominated for the Academy Awards for Best Actor and Best Director), Much Ado About Nothing (1993), Othello (1995), Hamlet (1996) (for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay), Love's Labour's Lost (2000) and As You Like It (2006).\nBranagh has starred in numerous other films and television series including Fortunes of War (1987), Woody Allen's Celebrity (1998), Wild Wild West (1999), as the voice of Miguel in The Road to El Dorado (2000), as SS leader Reinhard Heydrich in Conspiracy (2001), Shackleton (2002), Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002), Warm Springs (2005), as Major General Henning von Tresckow in Valkyrie (2008), The Boat That Rocked (2009), Wallander (2008\u20132016), My Week with Marilyn (2011) as Sir Laurence Olivier (Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor), and as Royal Navy Commander Bolton in the action-thriller Dunkirk (2017). He has directed such films as Dead Again (1991), in which he also starred, Swan Song (1992) (Academy Award nominated for Best Live Action Short Film), Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994) in which he also starred, The Magic Flute (2006), Sleuth (2007), the Marvel superhero film Thor (2011), the action thriller Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014) in which he also co-stars, the live-action adaptation of Disney's Cinderella (2015), and the mystery drama adaptation of Agatha Christie's Murder on the Orient Express (2017), in which he also starred as Hercule Poirot.\nHe narrated the series Cold War (1998), the BBC documentary miniseries Walking with Dinosaurs (1999) (as well as The Ballad of Big Al), Walking with Beasts (2001) and Walking with Monsters (2005). Branagh has been nominated for five Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards; he has won three BAFTAs and two Emmy Awards. He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2012 Birthday Honours and knighted on 9 November 2012. He was made a Freeman of his native city of Belfast in January 2018.", "Q238012": "Carol Cleveland (born 13 January 1942) is a British-American actress and comedian, particularly known for her work with Monty Python.", "Q197649": "Zheng Xuan (127\u2013200), courtesy name Kangcheng (\u5eb7\u6210), was a Chinese philosopher, politician, and writer near the end of the Han Dynasty. He was born in Gaomi, Beihai Commandery (modern Weifang, Shandong), and was a student of Ma Rong.\nLike his teacher, he was a member of the Old Text School that was challenging the state orthodox New Text School. His contemporary rival was He Xiu (Chinese: \u4f55\u4f11, 129-182). Zheng is notable for his syncretic attempt to bridge the two centuries of rivalry between the two schools. He adopted the strengths of each school in the interpretation of the Confucian classics although he usually favored the Old Text teachings. He was very influential but the government never officially adopted his teachings. The Han Dynasty was already in decline during his lifetime and collapsed a generation after his death. Both schools did not survive the chaos but Zheng's conception of Confucianism would be the mainstream interpretation for centuries.\nIn 200, during the Battle of Guandu, Zheng was ordered by the warlord Yuan Shao to Yuan's stronghold (in modern-day Daming County, Hebei Province), where he died of illness in June.\nThe commemorative shrine of Zheng Xuan in Shandong was rebuilt under supervision of Ruan Yuan \u962e\u5143 (1764\u20131849) in 1793.", "Q231988": "Oksana Stefanivna Hrytsay, (Ukrainian: \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0439; born on 5 March 1986), professionally known as Mika Newton (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0456\u043a\u0430 \u041d\u044c\u044e\u0442\u043e\u043d), is a Ukrainian singer and actress from the city of Burshtyn. Born and raised in Ukraine, the singer currently resides in Los Angeles, California.", "Q112657": "Pe\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041f\u0435\u045b) or Peja (Albanian: Pej\u00eb) is a city and municipality located in the Pe\u0107 District of Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, the city of Pe\u0107 has 48,962 inhabitants, while the municipality has 96,450 inhabitants. The municipality covers an area of 602 km2 (232 sq mi), including the city of Pe\u0107 and 95 villages; it is divided into 28 territorial communities.\nGeographically, it is located in an important location on the Pe\u0107 Bistrica, a tributary of the White Drin to the east of the Prokletije Mountains. The Rugova Canyon is one of Europe's longest and deepest canyons and is about three kilometres from the city of Pe\u0107. The city is located some 250 kilometres (155 miles) north of Tirana, Albania, 150 kilometres (93 miles) north-west of Skopje, North Macedonia, 85 kilometres (52 miles) west of Pristina, Kosovo and some 280 kilometres (173 miles) east of Podgorica, Montenegro.\nIn medieval times the city was the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1346. Later in 1899, the Albanian political organization League of Peja was established in the city. The patriarchal monastery of Pe\u0107 is a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Medieval Monuments in Kosovo.", "Q922698": "The Italy national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Italy and is controlled by the Italian Football Federation.\nThe team competes in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship, held every two years. Italy (along with Spain) is the most successful nation in the history of the competition, with five Championships won (1992, 1994, 1996, 2000 and 2004). Italy has also been twice runner-up of the competition, in 1986 and 2013.\nFrom 1990 to 2004 the team established near-total dominance of European Under-21 football, winning five of the seven tournaments.\nItaly's Under-21s played the first match at the new Wembley Stadium, on 24 March 2007, against England Under-21s. The game resulted in a 3\u20133 draw, with Giampaolo Pazzini scoring all 3 goals for the Azzurrini.\nPrior to the 2008 Olympic games, Italy U-21s went on to win the 2008 Toulon Tournament by beating Chile (1\u20130) in the final. It was the first time they had won this tournament, previously their best had been runner-up on two occasions.", "Q30418": "The Parrotspitze (in Italian, the Punta Parrot) (4,432 m) is a peak in the Pennine Alps of Italy and Switzerland. It is located south of Dufourspitze in the Monte Rosa Massif. The mountain is named after Johann Jakob Friedrich Wilhelm Parrot, a German doctor, who made an attempt on the Piramide Vincent with Joseph Zumstein in 1816.\nThe first ascent was made by Reginald S. Macdonald, Florence Crauford Grove, Montagu Woodmass and William Edward Hall with guides Melchior Anderegg and Peter Perren on 16 August 1863, four days after the same party's (with an extra guide) first ascent of the nearby Dent d'H\u00e9rens.\nThe previous year, on 8 July 1862, a party comprising A. W. Moore and Hereford Brooke George (the first editor of the Alpine Journal) with guides Christian Almer and Matthias Zumtaugwald climbed the east spur of the Parrotspitze (the British Route) but made straight over the frontier to Switzerland, not bothering to climb the final 60 metres to the summit.", "Q71322": "Friedrich Julius Stahl (16 January 1802 \u2013 10 August 1861), German constitutional lawyer, political philosopher and politician.\n\n", "Q2599": "Sir James Paul McCartney (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, composer, and record and film producer who gained worldwide fame as co-lead vocalist and bassist for the Beatles. His songwriting partnership with John Lennon remains the most successful in history. After the group disbanded in 1970, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine.\nA self-taught musician, McCartney is proficient on bass, guitar, keyboards, and drums. He is known for his melodic approach to bass-playing (mainly playing with a plectrum), his versatile and wide tenor vocal range (spanning over four octaves), and his eclecticism (exploring styles ranging from pre-rock and roll pop to classical and electronica). McCartney began his career as a member of the Quarrymen in 1957, which evolved into the Beatles in 1960. Starting with the 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, he gradually became the Beatles' de facto leader, providing the creative impetus for most of their music and film projects. His Beatles songs \"And I Love Her\" (1964), \"Yesterday\" (1965), \"Eleanor Rigby\" (1966) and \"Blackbird\" (1968) rank among the most covered songs in history.In 1970, McCartney debuted as a solo artist with the album McCartney. Throughout the 1970s, he led Wings, one of the most successful bands of the decade, with more than a dozen international top 10 singles and albums. McCartney resumed his solo career in 1980. Since 1989, he has toured consistently as a solo artist. In 1993, he formed the music duo the Fireman with Youth of Killing Joke. Beyond music, he has taken part in projects to promote international charities related to such subjects as animal rights, seal hunting, land mines, vegetarianism, poverty, and music education.\nMcCartney is one of the most successful composers and performers of all time. He has written or co-written 32 songs that have reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100, and as of 2009, had sales of 25.5 million RIAA-certified units in the United States. His honours include two inductions into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (as a member of the Beatles in 1988 and as a solo artist in 1999), 18 Grammy Awards, an appointment as a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1965, and a knighthood in 1997 for services to music. As of 2015, he is also one of the wealthiest musicians in the world, with an estimated fortune of $730 million.", "Q58968": "An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking and reading, research, writing, and human self-reflection about society. Many everyday roles require the application of intelligence to skills that may have a psychomotor component\u2014for example, in the fields of medicine or the arts\u2014but these do not necessarily involve the practitioner in the \"world of ideas.\" The intellectual scrutinizes cultural ideas and writings, often using abstract, philosophical, and esoteric aspects of human inquiry to evaluate the thinking of others. The intellectual and the scholarly classes are often related: the intellectual may be a teacher involved in the production of scholarship and usually has an academic background, or may work in a profession or practice an art or a science. \nThe term \"intellectual\" identifies three traits:\n\nerudition, and development of abstract ideas and theories;\nproducing cultural capital, as in philosophy, literary criticism, sociology, law, medicine, science, and so on; and\nartistic or creative output, such as writing, composing music, painting and so on.Public intellectuals may propose practical solutions for public affairs issues and gain authority as a public figure. Intellectuals often participate in politics and public affairs, either to defend a proposal or to denounce an injustice, usually by rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, or by defending a system of values.", "Q152273": "99 (Hungarian: A 99-es sz\u00e1m\u00fa b\u00e9rkocsi) is a 1918 silent Austro-Hungarian crime film directed by Michael Curtiz and featuring Bela Lugosi.", "Q277705": "Gabriel Soto D\u00edaz (born April 17, 1975) is a Mexican actor and model. He won the national male pageant El Modelo Mexico, and placed first runner-up in Mister World 1996. He was also a member of the former Mexican boy band Kairo, and acts in telenovelas.", "Q580": "\u0141\u00f3d\u017a (Polish: [wut\u0255] (listen)), written in English as Lodz, is the third-largest city in Poland and a former industrial centre. Located in the central part of the country, it has a population of 682,679 (2019). It is the capital of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a Voivodeship, and is located approximately 120 kilometres (75 mi) south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canting, as it depicts a boat (\u0142\u00f3d\u017a in Polish), which alludes to the city's name.\n\u0141\u00f3d\u017a was once a small settlement that first appeared in written records in around 1332. In the early 15th century it was granted city rights, but remained a rather small and insubstantial town. It was the property of Kuyavian bishops and clergy until the end of the 18th century, when \u0141\u00f3d\u017a was annexed by Prussia as a result of the second partition of Poland. Following the collapse of the independent Duchy of Warsaw, the city became part of Congress Poland, a client state of the Russian Empire. It was then that \u0141\u00f3d\u017a experienced a rapid growth in textile manufacturing and in population due to the inflow of migrants, most notably Germans and Jews. Ever since the industrialization of the area, the city has struggled with many difficulties such as multinationalism and social inequality, which were vividly documented in the novel The Promised Land written by Polish Nobel Prize-winning author W\u0142adys\u0142aw Reymont. The contrasts greatly reflected on the architecture of the city, where luxurious mansions coexisted with redbrick factories and dilapidated tenement houses.After Poland regained its independence in 1918, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a grew to be one of the largest Polish cities and one of the most multicultural and industrial centers in Europe. The interbellum period saw rapid development in education and healthcare. After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the German Army captured the city and renamed it Litzmannstadt in honour of the German general Karl Litzmann, who was victorious near the area during World War I. The city's large Jewish population was forced into a walled zone known as the \u0141\u00f3d\u017a Ghetto, from which they were sent to German concentration and extermination camps. Following the occupation of the city by the Soviet Army, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, which sustained insignificant damage during the war, became part of the newly established Polish People's Republic.\nAfter years of relative prosperity during the socialist era, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a experienced a sharp decline after the fall of industries and communism throughout Central and Eastern Europe. It was only in the 2010s that the city began to experience revitalization of its downtown area. \u0141\u00f3d\u017a is internationally known for its National Film School, a cradle for the most renowned Polish actors and directors, including Andrzej Wajda and Roman Polanski, and in 2017 was inducted into the UNESCO Creative Cities Network and named UNESCO City of Film.", "Q113549": "Nuovomondo, literally \"new world\" (English world-wide title Golden Door), is a 2006 drama film based on a family's migration from Italy to New York City, U.S.A. at the beginning of the 20th century. The film, written and directed by Emanuele Crialese, opens on location in Sicily and concludes in the United States. (The Ellis Island sequences were shot at a studio in Rome and in Buenos Aires, Argentina.) Vincent Schiavelli, whose character was originally planned to play a major part, died during the filming, forcing his role to become a supporting character.\nThe movie premiered at the Venice Film Festival on September 8, 2006 to critical praise and seven nominations (with six wins) at the festival. Many praised the director's focus on sound and visual composition. Others focused on the lack of typical iconography of the time (such as the Statue of Liberty). \nMartin Scorsese was involved in the marketing, and introduced the film at the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival.", "Q77753": "Karl Krolow (11 March 1915 \u2013 21 June 1999) was a German poet and translator. In 1956 he was awarded the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize. He was born in Hannover, Germany and died in Darmstadt, Germany.", "Q944509": "Owen D. Young (October 27, 1874 \u2013 July 11, 1962) was an American industrialist, businessman, lawyer and diplomat at the Second Reparations Conference (SRC) in 1929, as a member of the German Reparations International Commission.He is best known for his SRC diplomacy and for founding the Radio Corporation of America. Young founded RCA as a subsidiary of General Electric in 1919; he became its first chairman and continued in that position until 1929.\n\n", "Q237335": "Sherry Lea Stringfield (born June 24, 1967) is an American actress. She is best known for playing the role of Dr. Susan Lewis on the NBC medical drama ER, a role for which she received three Emmy Award nominations. Stringfield was a member of ER's original cast, but she quit the show during its third season, despite being contractually tied to appear in five. She returned to the role in 2001, and quit once again in 2005. She is also known for her regular roles on NYPD Blue and Guiding Light.\nShe has acted mainly on television, but she has also played various parts in films.", "Q76459": "Wolfgang Xavier Franz Ritter von Kobell (19 July 1803 \u2013 11 November 1882) was a German mineralogist and writer of short stories and poems in Bavarian dialect.", "Q200599": "The Alliance of Free Democrats \u2013 Hungarian Liberal Party (Hungarian: Szabad Demokrat\u00e1k Sz\u00f6vets\u00e9ge \u2013 a Magyar Liber\u00e1lis P\u00e1rt, SZDSZ) was a liberal political party in Hungary.\nThe SZDSZ was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and of Liberal International. It drew its support predominantly from Budapest among the middle classes, liberal intellectuals and entrepreneurs.", "Q444180": "Helen Forrest (born Helen Fogel, April 12, 1917 \u2013 July 11, 1999) was an American singer of traditional pop and swing music. She served as the \"girl singer\" for three of the most popular big bands of the Swing Era (Artie Shaw, Benny Goodman, and Harry James), thereby earning a reputation as \"the voice of the name bands.\"", "Q133855": "Guillaume Apollinaire (French: [\u0261ijom ap\u0254lin\u025b\u0281]; 26 August 1880 \u2013 9 November 1918) was a French poet, playwright, short story writer, novelist, and art critic of Polish-Belarusian descent.\nApollinaire is considered one of the foremost poets of the early 20th century, as well as one of the most impassioned defenders of Cubism and a forefather of Surrealism. He is credited with coining the term \"cubism\" in 1911 to describe the emerging art movement and the term \"surrealism\" in 1917 to describe the works of Erik Satie. The term Orphism (1912) is also his. He wrote poems without punctuation attempting to be resolutely modern in both form and subject. Apollinaire wrote one of the earliest Surrealist literary works, the play The Breasts of Tiresias (1917), which became the basis for Francis Poulenc's 1947 opera Les mamelles de Tir\u00e9sias.\nApollinaire was active as a journalist and art critic for Le Matin, L'Intransigeant, L'Esprit nouveau, Mercure de France, and Paris Journal. In 1912 Apollinaire cofounded Les Soir\u00e9es de Paris, an artistic and literary magazine.\nTwo years after being wounded in World War I, Apollinaire died in the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918; he was 38.", "Q71336": "Adolf B\u00f6ttger (21 May 1815 in Leipzig \u2013 16 November 1870 in Gohlis, now part of Leipzig) was a German translator and poet. As a translator, he created German versions of works in the English language, a major project being the translation of the complete works of Byron.", "Q295794": "Anti- is an American record label founded in 1999 as a sister label to Epitaph. While Epitaph's focus has mostly been on punk rock, Anti-'s roster includes country (Merle Haggard), hip hop (Sage Francis, The Coup), reggae (Buju Banton, Michael Franti), soul (Bettye LaVette, Doe Paoro), post-metal (Deafheaven), indie folk (The Swell Season, Saintseneca), rap rock (One Day as a Lion), indie rock (The Dream Syndicate, Islands, Japandroids) and Tom Waits.\nFounded by Andy Kaulkin, Anti- first gained attention by releasing Tom Waits's Grammy Award-winning Mule Variations in 1999. Other veteran recording artists such as rhythm and blues singers Solomon Burke, Bettye LaVette and Marianne Faithfull have signed onto Anti- after leaving other labels.", "Q102450": "Axel Prahl (born 26 March 1960 in Eutin) is a German actor.\nPrahl, born in Eutin, grew up in nearby Neustadt in Holstein. After his A-levels, Prahl started studying music and mathematics, but then went on to acting school in Kiel. His acting debut came in 1994 in a television series for ZDF.\nAside from his film acting, for which he has won several accolades including two Adolf Grimme Awards, Prahl has starred in 23 episodes of the German television crime series Tatort. Prahl also co-starred in the 2009 German TV film 12 Winter with J\u00fcrgen Vogel.", "Q1957002": "Mzwakhe Mbuli is a former Deacon at Apostolic Faith Mission Church in Naledi Soweto South Africa, known as \"The People's Poet, Tall man, Mbulism\", is a poet and Mbaqanga singer in South Africa.\n\n", "Q443837": "Sadenia \"Eddi\" Reader MBE (born 29 August 1959) is a Scottish singer-songwriter, known both for her work with Fairground Attraction and for an enduring solo career. She is the recipient of three BRIT Awards and has topped both the album and singles charts. In 2003, she showcased the works of Scotland's national poet, Robert Burns.", "Q78474": "Leopold Ritter von Sacher-Masoch (27 January 1836 \u2013 9 March 1895) was an Austrian nobleman, writer and journalist, who gained renown for his romantic stories of Galician life. The term masochism is derived from his name, invented by his contemporary, the Austrian psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing. Masoch did not approve of this use of his name.During his lifetime, Sacher-Masoch was well known as a man of letters, in particular a utopian thinker who espoused socialist and humanist ideals in his fiction and non-fiction. Most of his works remain untranslated into English. Until recently, his novel Venus in Furs was his only book commonly available in English, but an English translation by William Holmes of Die Gottesmutter was released in 2015 as The Mother of God.\n\n", "Q66892": "H\u00fctten is a former municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of H\u00fctten and Sch\u00f6nenberg merged into the municipality of W\u00e4denswil.", "Q201687": "Milk is a 2008 American biographical film based on the life of gay rights activist and politician Harvey Milk, who was the first openly gay person to be elected to public office in California, as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. Directed by Gus Van Sant and written by Dustin Lance Black, the film stars Sean Penn as Milk and Josh Brolin as Dan White, a city supervisor who assassinated Milk and Mayor George Moscone.\nAttempts to put Milk's life to film followed a 1984 documentary of his life and the aftermath of his assassination, titled The Times of Harvey Milk, which was loosely based upon Randy Shilts's biography, The Mayor of Castro Street (the film won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for 1984, and was awarded Special Jury Prize at the first Sundance Film Festival, among other awards). Various scripts were considered in the early 1990s, but projects fell through for different reasons, until 2007. Much of Milk was filmed on Castro Street and other locations in San Francisco, including Milk's former storefront, Castro Camera.\nThe film was released to much acclaim and earned numerous accolades from film critics and guilds for Penn's performance, Van Sant's directing, and the screenplay, it received 8 Oscar nominations at the 81st Academy Awards, including Best Picture and went on to win two for Best Actor for Penn, his second Oscar, and Best Original Screenplay for Black.", "Q170978": "Robotics is an interdisciplinary reaseach area at the interface of computer science and engineering. Robotics involves design, construction, operation, and use of robots. The goal of robotics is to design intelligent machines that can help and assist humans in their day-to-day lives and keep everyone safe. Robotics draws on the achievement of information engineering, computer engineering, mechanical engineering, electronic engineering and others.\nRobotics develops machines that can substitute for humans and replicate human actions. Robots can be used in many situations and for lots of purposes, but today many are used in dangerous environments (including inspection of radioactive materials, bomb detection and deactivation), manufacturing processes, or where humans cannot survive (e.g. in space, underwater, in high heat, and clean up and containment of hazardous materials and radiation). Robots can take on any form but some are made to resemble humans in appearance. This is said to help in the acceptance of a robot in certain replicative behaviors usually performed by people. Such robots attempt to replicate walking, lifting, speech, cognition, or any other human activity. Many of today's robots are inspired by nature, contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics.\nThe concept of creating machines that can operate autonomously dates back to classical times, but research into the functionality and potential uses of robots did not grow substantially until the 20th century. Throughout history, it has been frequently assumed by various scholars, inventors, engineers, and technicians that robots will one day be able to mimic human behavior and manage tasks in a human-like fashion. Today, robotics is a rapidly growing field, as technological advances continue; researching, designing, and building new robots serve various practical purposes, whether domestically, commercially, or militarily. Many robots are built to do jobs that are hazardous to people, such as defusing bombs, finding survivors in unstable ruins, and exploring mines and shipwrecks. Robotics is also used in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) as a teaching aid. The advent of nanorobots, microscopic robots that can be injected into the human body, could revolutionize medicine and human health.Robotics is a branch of engineering that involves the conception, design, manufacture, and operation of robots. This field overlaps with computer engineering, computer science (especially artificial intelligence), electronics, mechatronics, nanotechnology and bioengineering.", "Q6170516": "Jean De Briac (born Jean-Frederic Weitler, 15 August 1891 \u2013 18 October 1970) was a French film actor. He appeared in 122 films between 1920 and 1962. He was born in France and died in Los Angeles, California. He emigrated to the United States in 1915.\n\n", "Q192725": "The Yardbirds are an English rock band, formed in London in 1963. The band's core lineup featured vocalist and harmonica player Keith Relf, drummer Jim McCarty, rhythm guitarist/bassist Chris Dreja and bassist/producer Paul Samwell-Smith. The band is known for starting the careers of three of rock's most famous guitarists, Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page and Jeff Beck, all of whom ranked in the top five of Rolling Stone magazine's list of 100 greatest guitarists. The band had a string of hits throughout the mid-1960s, including \"For Your Love\", \"Heart Full of Soul\", \"Shapes of Things\" and \"Over Under Sideways Down\".\nOriginally a blues-based band noted for their signature \"rave-up\" instrumental breaks, the Yardbirds broadened their range into pop, pioneering psychedelic rock and early hard rock; and contributed to many electric guitar innovations of the mid-1960s. Some rock critics and historians also cite their influence on the later punk rock, progressive rock, and heavy metal trends. Following the band's split in 1968, Relf and McCarty formed Renaissance and guitarist Jimmy Page formed Led Zeppelin.\nThe band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992. They were included at number 89 in Rolling Stone's list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\", and ranked number 37 on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock.The Yardbirds reformed in the 1990s, featuring drummer Jim McCarty and rhythm guitarist/bassist Chris Dreja as the only original members of the band. Dreja left the band in 2012, leaving McCarty as the sole original member of the band present in the lineup.", "Q100247": "Sammy Drechsel (25 April 1925, in Berlin \u2013 19 January 1986, in Munich), born Karl-Heinz Kamke, was a German political comedian, journalist and sports reporter. In 1956, together with Dieter Hildebrandt, he founded the M\u00fcnchner Lach- und Schie\u00dfgesellschaft, one of Germany's most successful and influential sites of political kabarett, for which he was producer and director up to his death. From 1950 to his death he also worked as a sports reporter for the Bavarian \"Bayrischer Rundfunk\". He also became well known for his 1955 book \"Elf Freunde m\u00fcsst ihr sein\" (\"You Ought to be Eleven Friends\"), which targeted an adolescent audience. (The book has also become available as an audiobook, produced by his long-time friend Hildebrandt.) One of Drechsel's last appearances was in the German TV series Kir Royal, directed by Helmut Dietl, which was completed shortly before his death.\nFrom 1962 to 1986, Drechsel was married to Irene Koss.", "Q524106": "Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen (7 June 1890 \u2013 3 June 1965) was a Norwegian aviation pioneer, military officer, polar explorer and businessman. Among his achievements, he is generally regarded a founder of the Royal Norwegian Air Force.\n\n", "Q2434326": "Joseph Timothy Thomerson (born April 8, 1946) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as Jack Deth in the Trancers film series and for his work in numerous low-budget movies and his comedic television roles.", "Q4161262": "Saint Dyfnan was an obscure Welsh saint. He was sometimes accounted a son of Brychan, the invading Irish king of Brycheiniog.", "Q101159": "Martin Goeres (born August 12, 1984) is a German actor and stuntman.", "Q65343": "Zeglingen is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q2529363": "William Strutt, FRS (1756\u20131830) was a cotton spinner in Belper, England, and later a civil engineer and architect, using iron frames in buildings to make them fire-resistant.", "Q109505": "Katharina \"K\u00e4the\" Dorsch (29 December 1890 \u2013 25 December 1957) was a German stage and film actress.\n\n", "Q75150": "Yingkou (simplified Chinese: \u8425\u53e3; traditional Chinese: \u71df\u53e3; pinyin: Y\u00edngk\u01d2u) is a coastal prefecture-level city of central southern Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, on the northeastern shore of Liaodong Bay. It is the third-smallest city in Liaoning with a total area of 4,970 square kilometres (1,920 sq mi), and the ninth most populous with a population of 2,428,534 (2010 census), of whom 1,340,993 live in the built-up area made of three urban districts (Zhanqian, Xishi and Laobian) and one county-level city (Dashiqiao). It borders the sub-provincial city of Dalian to the south, the prefectural cities of Anshan to the north and east and Panjin to the northwest, and also shares maritime boundaries with Jinzhou and Huludao across the Liaodong Bay to its west.\nLocated on the east bank of the Daliao River mouth, Yingkou is an important port city, with the Port of Yingkou being the second-largest container port in the Bohai Sea (after the Port of Tianjin) and Northeast China (after the Port of Dalian), the tenth-largest nationwide, and the 25th-busiest worldwide.", "Q1196752": "Traditional pop (also known as classic pop and pre-rock and roll pop) is Western popular music that generally pre-dates the advent of rock and roll in the mid-1950s. The most popular and enduring songs from this era of music are known as pop standards or American standards. The works of these songwriters and composers are usually considered part of the canon known as the \"Great American Songbook\". More generally, the term \"standard\" can be applied to any popular song that has become very widely known within mainstream culture.\nTraditional/classic pop music is generally regarded as having existed between the mid-1940s and mid-1950s. AllMusic defines traditional pop as \"post-big band and pre-rock & roll pop music.\"", "Q328201": "N. D. Cocea (common rendition of Nicolae Dumitru Cocea, Romanian pronunciation: [niko\u02c8la.e du\u02c8mitru \u02c8kot\u0361\u0283e\u032fa], also known as Niculae, Niculici or Nicu Cocea; November 29, 1880 \u2013 February 1, 1949) was a Romanian journalist, novelist, critic and left-wing political activist, known as a major but controversial figure in the field of political satire. The founder of many newspapers and magazines, including Via\u021ba Social\u0103, Rampa, Facla and Chemarea, collaborating with writer friends such as Tudor Arghezi, Gala Galaction and Ion Vinea, he fostered and directed the development of early modernist literature in Romania. Cocea later made his name as a republican and anticlerical agitator, was arrested as an instigator during the 1907 peasant revolt, and played a leading role in regrouping the scattered socialist clubs. His allegiances however switched between parties: during World War I, he supported the Entente Powers and, as a personal witness of the October Revolution, the government of Soviet Russia, before returning home as a communist.\nDuring the interwar period, Cocea was elected to Romanian Parliament as an independent socialist, campaigned for the outlawed Romanian Communist Party, and found his press banned by the authorities on several occasions. In 1923, he was found guilty of l\u00e8se majest\u00e9. Cocea, although kept under constant surveillance, was rumored to have been an opportunistic double dealer, and his personal life was a matter of public scandal. His novels, the vast majority of which are samples of erotic literature, fueled innuendo about his sexual exploits, which also resulted in his sentencing for statutory rape. After World War II, Cocea was again close to the Communist Party and, from 1948, rose to prominence as an official writer for the communist regime.\nFor a while the son-in-law of journalist Constantin Mille, N. D. Cocea was from a theatrical family: his daughters Dina and Tantzi, like his sister Alice before them, were acclaimed actresses. Another daughter, Ioana-Maria Cocea, is a noted sculptor.", "Q254876": "Eve Myles (born 26 July 1978) is a Welsh actress from Ystradgynlais. She graduated from the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama in 2000. Later that year, she began portraying Ceri Lewis in the BBC drama series Belonging, a role she would play until the end of the series in 2009. Myles' early UK-wide television credits included the 2001 miniseries Tales from Pleasure Beach and the 2003 television drama Colditz. In 2005, she auditioned for a part in the revived series of Doctor Who, and landed the role of servant girl Gwyneth, in the Series 1 episode \"The Unquiet Dead\", alongside Billie Piper and Christopher Eccleston.\nHer appearance in Doctor Who led to her winning a lead role in the science fiction drama's spin-off series Torchwood, in which she portrayed the character Gwen Cooper for four series between 2006 and 2011. Myles's role in Torchwood earned her a Bafta Cymru award for Best Actress in 2007. Myles also reprised the role of Gwen in the 2009 and 2011 series of Torchwood Radio Plays and since 2015 in an ongoing range of stories for Big Finish Productions. Myles subsequent television credits include the 2008 miniseries Little Dorrit, the 2008 premiere episode of the fantasy drama Merlin and the 2013 drama series Frankie in which she played the title role.\nIn 2013, for the TV channel GOLD, she appeared alongside Anthony Head in the comedy drama You, Me & Them, a role she reprised in 2015 for the second series. In 2014 she was cast in the second series of the crime drama series Broadchurch portraying the character of Claire Ripley. In 2011 she voiced one of the main characters in the video game Dragon Age II. In 2016, she appeared as another Victorian servant, this time playing Mrs. Jenkins in the ITV period drama series Victoria, a role she did not reprise for series 2.An accomplished theatre actress, Myles won an Ian Charleson Award in 2004 for her performances in Royal Shakespeare Company productions of the plays Titus Andronicus and The Taming of the Shrew. Further theatre credits include both Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2 at the National Theatre in 2004, and the role of Emma in the first UK run of Zach Braff's play All New People in 2012.", "Q361167": "Carmine Appice ( ) (born December 15, 1946) is an American drummer and percussionist most commonly associated with the rock genre of music. He has received classical music training, and was influenced early-on by the work of jazz drummers Buddy Rich and Gene Krupa. He is best known for his associations with Vanilla Fudge; Cactus; the power trio Beck, Bogert & Appice; Rod Stewart; King Kobra; and Blue Murder, which also featured John Sykes, of Whitesnake and Thin Lizzy fame, and Tony Franklin of The Firm. Appice was inducted into the Classic Drummer Hall of Fame in 2013 and the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2014.He is credited with influencing later rock drummers including Iron Maiden's Nicko McBrain, Aerosmith's Joey Kramer, Roger Taylor of Queen, Phil Collins of Genesis, Rush's Neil Peart, M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce's Tommy Lee, Slayer's Dave Lombardo, Richard Christy, Chris Grainger, David Kinkade, Ray Mehlbaum, Led Zeppelin's John Bonham, Ian Paice of Deep Purple, Anvil's Robb Reiner and Eric Singer of Kiss.\nHis best-selling drum instruction book The Realistic Rock Drum Method was first published in 1972 and has since been revised and republished as The Ultimate Realistic Rock Drum Method. It covers the basic subjects of rock rhythms and polyrhythms, linear rudiments and groupings, shuffle rhythms, hi-hat and double bass drum exercises.\nAppice is the elder brother of drummer Vinny Appice by 11 years; they are of Italian descent.", "Q338012": "Children of the Corn IV: The Gathering is a 1996 American horror film directed by Greg Spence and starring Naomi Watts, Brent Jennings, and Karen Black. It is the fourth film in the Children of the Corn series. The plot follows a medical student returning to her hometown in Nebraska, where she finds the children to be falling under a mysterious mass illness connected to the town's past.\nThe film expands upon the origins of \"He Who Walks Behind the Rows\". The film marked the first time Naomi Watts received first billing, and was also the debut of actor Mark Salling.", "Q119070": "Otto Anton Ferdinand Herbert Schmidt (August 1, 1902 in Cologne, to December 12, 1984 in Sinzig) was a German politician of the CDU. He was mayor of Wuppertal and a longtime member of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia and the German Bundestag.", "Q957575": "Philip Henry Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian, (18 April 1882 \u2013 12 December 1940), known as Philip Kerr until 1930, was a British politician, diplomat and newspaper editor. He was private secretary to Prime Minister David Lloyd George between 1916 and 1921. After succeeding a cousin in the marquessate in 1930, he held minor office from 1931 to 1932 in the National Government, headed by Ramsay MacDonald.\nIn the late 1930s, he was a leading advocate of appeasement of Germany, emphasizing the harshness of the Treaty of Versailles and the dangers of Stalin's communism. From 1939 until his death, he was Ambassador to the United States. He proved highly successful in winning America's support for the British war effort, especially the Lend-Lease Act, which passed Congress after his death.", "Q470543": "Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsili (or Marsigli, Lat. Marsilius; 10 July 1658 \u2013 1 November 1730) was an Italian scholar and eminent natural scientist, who also served as an emissary and soldier.", "Q54820": "Nambaryn Enkhbayar (Mongolian: \u041d\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u042d\u043d\u0445\u0431\u0430\u044f\u0440; born June 1, 1958) is a Mongolian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Mongolia from 2000 to 2004, as Speaker of the Parliament from 2004 to 2005, and as President of Mongolia from 2005 to 2009. He is the first person to have held all of the top three positions in the Mongolian government. He was the chairman of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party from 1997 to 2005.\n\n", "Q705602": "Simon Montagu McBurney, OBE (born 25 August 1957) is an English actor, writer and director. He is the founder and artistic director of the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de Complicit\u00e9, London. He has had roles in the films The Manchurian Candidate, Friends with Money, The Golden Compass, The Duchess, Robin Hood, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1, Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, Magic in the Moonlight, The Theory of Everything and Mission: Impossible \u2013 Rogue Nation.", "Q524660": "Oberaudorf is a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria in Germany. It lies on the Inn River.\nOberaudorf is the birthplace of the mother of German Pope Benedict XVI, of German politician Edmund Stoiber and footballer Bastian Schweinsteiger, who grew up there.", "Q100521": "Wolfgang J\u00f6rg (born 1963) is a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party. He is a member of parliament in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia.", "Q1334439": "Alessandro Striggio the Younger (ca. 1573 \u2013 8 June 1630) was an Italian librettist, the son of the composer Alessandro Striggio. The younger Striggio is most famous for his association with the composer Claudio Monteverdi. He wrote the libretto for Monteverdi's first opera Orfeo (1607), a landmark in the history of the genre, as well as the ballo (sung ballet) Tirsi e Clori. Striggio worked at the court of Mantua and died of the plague while on a diplomatic mission to Venice.", "Q110732": "Wa\u0142brzych [\u02c8vawb\u0290\u0268x] (listen) (German: Waldenburg; Lower Silesian: Walmbrig or Walmbrich; Czech: Valb\u0159ich or Valdenburk) is a city located in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in southwestern Poland. From 1975\u20131998 it was the capital of Wa\u0142brzych Voivodeship; it is now the seat of Wa\u0142brzych County. Wa\u0142brzych lies approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of the voivodeship capital Wroc\u0142aw and about 30 kilometres (19 miles) from the Czech border. It has a population of about 112,600 which makes it the second-largest city in the voivodeship and the 33rd largest in the country.\nWa\u0142brzych was once a major coal mining and industrial center alongside most of Silesia. The city was left undamaged after World War II and possesses rich historical architecture, among which the most recognizable landmark is the Ksi\u0105\u017c Castle, the largest castle of Lower Silesia and the third largest in Poland.", "Q273211": "Constance Moore (January 18, 1920 or January 18, 1921 \u2013 September 16, 2005 in Los Angeles, California) was an American singer and actress. Her most noted work was in wartime musicals such as Show Business and Atlantic City and the classic 1939 movie serial Buck Rogers, in which she played Wilma Deering, the only female character in the serial.", "Q311480": "Antoine Fran\u00e7ois Pr\u00e9vost d'Exiles (UK: PRAY-voh deg-ZEEL, US: pray-VOH -\u2060, French: [\u0251\u0303twan f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa p\u0281evo d\u025b\u0261zil]; 1 April 1697 \u2013 25 November 1763), usually known simply as the Abb\u00e9 Pr\u00e9vost, was a French author and novelist.", "Q724814": "Madina Lake is an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago in 2005. Madina Lake released their debut album From Them, Through Us, to You through Roadrunner Records on March 27, 2007. Madina Lake won Best International Newcomer at the Kerrang! Awards 2007. The group disbanded in September 2013 before reuniting in February 2017.", "Q222738": "The National Autonomous University of Mexico (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, lit. 'Autonomous National University of Mexico', UNAM) is a public research university in Mexico. It ranks highly in world rankings based on the university's extensive research and innovation. It is the largest university in Latin America and has one of the biggest campuses in the world. UNAM's main campus in Mexico City, known as Ciudad Universitaria (University City), is a UNESCO World Heritage site that was designed by some of Mexico's best-known architects of the 20th century. Murals in the main campus were painted by some of the most recognized artists in Mexican history, such as Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siqueiros. In 2016, it had an acceptance rate of only 8%. UNAM generates a number of strong research publications and patents in diverse areas, such as robotics, computer science, mathematics, physics, human-computer interaction, history, philosophy, among others. All Mexican Nobel laureates are either alumni or faculty of UNAM.\nUNAM was founded, in its modern form, on 22 September 1910 by Justo Sierra as a liberal alternative to its predecessor, the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico, the first to be founded in North America. UNAM obtained its autonomy from the government in 1929. This has given the university the freedom to define its own curriculum and manage its own budget without government interference. This has had a profound effect on academic life at the university, which some claim boosts academic freedom and independence.UNAM was the birthplace of the student movement of 1968, which turned into a nationwide rebellion against autocratic rule and began Mexico's three-decade journey toward democracy.", "Q63054": "Hans Henny Jahnn (17 December 1894, Stellingen \u2013 29 November 1959, Hamburg) was a German playwright, novelist, and organ-builder.\nAs a playwright, he wrote: Pastor Ephraim Magnus (1917), which The Cambridge Guide to Theatre describes as a nihilistic, Expressionist play \"stuffed with perversities and sado-masochistic motifs\"; Coronation of Richard III (1922; \"equally lurid\"); and a version of Medea (1926). Later works include the novel Perrudja, an unfinished trilogy of novels River without Banks (Fluss ohne Ufer), the drama Thomas Chatterton (1955; staged by Gustaf Gr\u00fcndgens in 1956), and the novella The Night of Lead. Erwin Piscator staged Jahnn's The Dusty Rainbow (Der staubige Regenbogen) in 1961.Jahnn was also a music publisher, focusing on 17th-century organ music. He was a contemporary of organ-builder Rudolf von Beckerath.\n\n", "Q903124": "\u00c9leuth\u00e8re Ir\u00e9n\u00e9e du Pont de Nemours (; French: [dyp\u0254\u0303]; 24 June 1771 \u2013 31 October 1834), known as Ir\u00e9n\u00e9e du Pont, or E. I. du Pont, was a French-American chemist and industrialist who founded the gunpowder manufacturer E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. His descendants, the du Pont family, have been one of America's richest and most prominent families since the 19th century, with generations of influential businessmen, politicians and philanthropists.", "Q654459": "G\u00e9za Allaga (1841 \u2013 19 March 1913) was a Hungarian composer, cellist and cymbalist. He was a member of the Hungarian Royal Opera orchestra and published Cimbalom, his first textbook on the subject before 1889.", "Q2086005": "Harenchi Gakuen (\u30cf\u30ec\u30f3\u30c1\u5b66\u5712, lit. \"Shameless School\") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Go Nagai. The manga was one of the first to be serialized in Shueisha's Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump magazine in 1968 and became the first big success for Go Nagai. Harenchi Gakuen is widely considered as the first modern erotic manga and credited for being the first ecchi manga series.\nThe series has been adapted into five live action movies, a live action television series, and an OVA. The live action TV series contains an animated opening sequence which is a recurring element of Go Nagai's works where live action and anime are combined. Other examples include Pro-Wres no Hoshi Aztecaser featuring completely animated action sequences during scenes in which the hero uses his powers and Cutie Honey when the titular heroine appears before the cast, the next scene continues with a full animated opening sequence.", "Q2676807": "Robert H. Colescott (August 26, 1925 \u2013 June 4, 2009) was an American painter. He is known for satirical genre and crowd subjects, often conveying his exuberant, comical, or bitter reflections on being African American. He studied with Fernand L\u00e9ger in Paris. Colescott's work is in many major public collections, including (in addition to the Albright-Knox) those of the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, and the Baltimore Museum of Art.\n\n", "Q434301": "Rena Owen (born 22 July 1962) is a New Zealand actress in theatre, television and film. Owen is best known for her leading role as Beth Heke in Lee Tamahori's Once Were Warriors and as Taun We in George Lucas's Star Wars: Episode II \u2013 Attack of the Clones.", "Q163904": "10.5 is a 2004 disaster film directed by John Lafia which aired as a television miniseries in the United States on May 2, 2004 and May 3, 2004. The plot focuses on a series of catastrophic earthquakes along the United States west coast, culminating in one measuring 10.5 on the Richter scale.\n10.5 was widely ridiculed by both reviewers and geologists; nevertheless, it received respectable Nielsen ratings.\nThe first part of the miniseries aired on May 2, 2004, and the second one aired on May 3. A sequel, 10.5: Apocalypse, was aired on May 21, 2006 and May 23, 2006.", "Q452084": "Karel Havl\u00ed\u010dek Borovsk\u00fd (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8kar\u025bl \u02c8\u0266avli\u02d0t\u0283\u025bk \u02c8borofski\u02d0]; Borov\u00e1, today Havl\u00ed\u010dkova Borov\u00e1; 31 October 1821 \u2013 29 July 1856) was a Czech writer, poet, critic, politician, journalist, and publisher.", "Q276369": "Fran\u00e7oise Pr\u00e9vost (13 January 1930 \u2013 30 November 1997) was a French actress, journalist and author. She was the daughter of writer Marcelle Auclair. She appeared in more than 70 films between 1949 and 1985.", "Q1100730": "The Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska (Serbian: \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0458\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0421\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0435, \u0410\u041d\u0423\u0420\u0421, Bosnian and Croatian Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Republike Srpske, ANURS) is highest representative institution in the Republika Srpska of science and art founded in 1996. It has four departments \u2013 Department of Social Sciences, Department of Literature and Arts, Department of Natural, Mathematical and Technical Sciences and the Department of Medical Sciences. It is based in Banja Luka.", "Q102336": "Karl Astel (26 February 1898 \u2013 3 April 1945) was an Alter K\u00e4mpfer, rector of the University of Jena, a racial scientist, and also involved in the German Nazi Eugenics program.He was born on 26 February 1898 in Schweinfurt. After finishing the Gymnasium he fought in World War I in 1917 and 1918. Astel took part at the Kapp Putsch and also the Beer Hall Putsch, as a member of the Freikorps Oberland.\nAstel studied medicine in W\u00fcrzburg and earned his PhD around 1930. He was educated and then approved as a sports teacher in March 1926. Astel was employed by the Technical University Munich as a sports advisor.He was also involved in the anti-tobacco movement. After Karl Astel became rector of the University of Jena in 1939 he tried to form the ideal SS-university (\"SS-Muster-Universit\u00e4t\"). Astel and his like-minded comrades like Heinz Br\u00fccher, Gerhard Heberer, Victor Julius Franz, Johann von Leers and Lothar Stengel-von Rutkowski considered Ernst Haeckel as their forerunner.On 3 April 1945, Karl Astel shot himself in a hospital (that was headed by the Rheumatologist Wolfgang Veil).\n\n", "Q718135": "Scott Wilson (born William Delano Wilson; March 29, 1942 \u2013 October 6, 2018) was an American actor. He had more than 50 film credits, including In the Heat of the Night, In Cold Blood, The Great Gatsby, Dead Man Walking, Pearl Harbor, and Junebug. In 1980, Wilson received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture for his role in William Peter Blatty's The Ninth Configuration. He played veterinarian Hershel Greene on the AMC television series The Walking Dead (2011\u20132014; 2018). He also had a recurring role on CSI: Crime Scene Investigation as casino mogul Sam Braun, as well as a lead role on the Netflix series The OA as Abel Johnson.", "Q206856": "Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury (born October 16, 1925) is a British-American actress who has appeared in theatre, television, and film roles. Her career has spanned almost eight decades, much of it in the United States. Her work received international attention.\nLansbury was born to British actress Moyna Macgill and British politician Edgar Lansbury, an upper-middle-class family in Regent's Park, central London. To escape the Blitz, in 1940 she moved to the United States with her mother and two brothers, and studied acting in New York City. Proceeding to Hollywood in 1942, she signed with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and obtained her first film roles, in Gaslight (1944) and The Picture of Dorian Gray (1945), earning her two Oscar nominations and a Golden Globe Award. She appeared in eleven further films for MGM, mostly in supporting roles such as National Velvet (1944), and The Harvey Girls. After her contract ended in 1952 she began supplementing her cinematic work with theatrical appearances. Although largely seen as a B-list star during this period, her appearance in the film The Manchurian Candidate (1962) received widespread acclaim, was cited as being one of her finest performances and received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination. Moving into musical theatre, Lansbury finally gained stardom for playing the leading role in the Broadway musical Mame (1966), which earned her a range of awards.\nAmid difficulties in her personal life, Lansbury moved from California to County Cork, Ireland in 1970, and continued with her theatrical and cinematic appearances throughout the decade. These included leading roles in the stage musicals Gypsy, Sweeney Todd, and The King and I, Back in the U.S., moving into television, she achieved worldwide fame as fictional writer and sleuth Jessica Fletcher in the American whodunit series Murder, She Wrote, which ran for twelve seasons from 1984 until 1996, becoming one of the longest-running detective drama series in television history. Through Corymore Productions, a company that she co-owned with her husband Peter Shaw, Lansbury assumed ownership of the series and was its executive producer for the final four seasons. Since then, she has toured in a variety of international theatrical productions and continued to make occasional film appearances in Disney's Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971), Beauty and the Beast (1991) and Mary Poppins Returns (2018), as well as Dame Emma Thompson's Nanny McPhee (2005).\nLansbury has received an Honorary Oscar and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) and has won five Tony Awards, six Golden Globes, and an Olivier Award. She has also been nominated for numerous other industry awards, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress on three occasions, and various Primetime Emmy Awards on eighteen occasions, and a Grammy Award. In 2014, Lansbury was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II. She has been the subject of three biographies.", "Q883730": "Erling Bl\u00f6ndal Bengtsson (March 8, 1932 \u2013 June 6, 2013) was a Danish cellist.Born in Copenhagen, Bengtsson gave his first public performance there in 1936, when he was four years old. He was admitted at the age of sixteen to the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia where he studied with Gregor Piatigorsky, who engaged him as a teaching assistant in 1949. From 1950 to 1953, Bengtsson taught his own cello class at the Institute, before being appointed to the Royal Danish Academy of Music in Copenhagen. In 1980, he became a professor at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik K\u00f6ln. He returned to America in 1990 and taught at the University of Michigan School of Music until his retirement from academia in 2006. \nBengtsson was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music and was conferred the title \"Chevalier du Violoncelle\" by Indiana University in 1993. Bengtsson made most of his phonograph and CD recordings with the Danish label DANACORD. In November 2006, DANACORD released the DVD The Cello and I, which presented a comprehensive portrait of Bengtsson's career on the seventieth anniversary of his debut. He died in Ann Arbor, Michigan, aged 81.", "Q88963": "Franz Klein (24 April 1854 \u2013 6 April 1926) was an Austrian jurist and politician, who served as Minister of Justice towards the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.\nBorn in Vienna, Klein studied and later taught law there, achieving habilitation in the law of civil procedure and Roman law in 1891. His essay Pro Futuro, in which he called for civil procedure reform, led to his appointment as an official with the Ministry of Justice, where he drafted the Austrian code of civil procedure, among several other laws. He helped strengthen the investigative authority and responsibility of the judge to the benefit of the weaker party, moving civil procedure towards a more inquisitorial system.\nIn 1905, Klein was appointed to the House of Lords. He served as Minister of Justice between 1906 and 1908, and again from November to December in 1916. He was a member of the Austrian observer delegation to the negotiations about the 1919 treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. After the fall of the monarchy, he failed to gain reelection to Parliament.", "Q96585": "Paul Lensch (31 March 1873 in Potsdam, Province of Brandenburg - 18 November 1926 in Berlin) was a war journalist, editor, author of several books and politician in the SPD. From 1912, Lensch was a member of the German Reichstag for the SPD, and in 1919 he became professor of economics at Berlin University.", "Q157451": "Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev (Azerbaijani: Heyd\u0259r \u018flirza o\u011flu \u018fliyev, [hejd\u00e6r \u00e6lirz\u0251 o\u0263lu \u00e6lij\u026af]; Russian: \u0413\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0435\u0432, romanized: Geydar Aliyevich Aliyev, [g\u02b2\u026aj\u02c8dar \u0250\u02c8l\u02b2i\u02b2\u026av\u026at\u0255 \u0250\u02c8l\u02b2i\u02b2\u026af]; 10 May 1923 \u2013 12 December 2003) was an Azerbaijani politician who served as the third President of Azerbaijan from October 1993 to October 2003. As national president he held constitutional powers, but his influence on Azerbaijani politics had begun years earlier. As a young man he had joined the Azerbaijan SSR People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB) and quickly rose to the rank of Major-General.\nThe regime established by Heydar Aliyev in Azerbaijan has been described as dictatorial, authoritarian, and repressive. Political commentators highlight that Aliyev ran a heavy-handed police state, that he rigged elections and muzzled the media whereas others emphasize that his balanced policy brought stability to Azerbaijan.", "Q330466": "Max Edward Dinning (August 17, 1933 \u2014 March 22, 1986) \u2014 stage name Mark Dinning \u2014 was an American pop music singer. In February 1960, the song \"Teen Angel\", written by his sister Jean (Eugenia) (March 29, 1924 \u2014 February 22, 2011) and her husband (Mark's brother-in-law) Red Surrey, reached No. 1 on the Billboard Charts. Jean and two of her sisters, Virginia and Lucille, comprised \"The Dinning Sisters\", a popular singing trio in the 1940s. Additionally, Dinning is the uncle of Dean Dinning, bass guitarist for alternative rock band Toad the Wet Sprocket.", "Q101617": "Heidrun Bluhm (born 18 January 1958 in Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) is a German politician and member of \"Die Linke.\"", "Q5967378": "Speculative fiction is a broad category of fiction encompassing genres with certain elements that do not exist in the real world, often in the context of supernatural, futuristic or other imaginative themes. These include, but are not limited to, science fiction, fantasy, horror, superhero fiction, alternate history, utopian and dystopian fiction, and supernatural fiction, as well as combinations thereof (e.g. science fantasy).Speculative fiction differs from other types of fiction such as slice of life and from non-fiction.", "Q117075": "Marie Huber (4 March 1695 \u2013 13 June 1753) was a Genevan writer on theology and related subjects, as well as a translator and editor, at a time when it was rare for a female writer to write about theology.Huber was a proponent of universalism, and was considered by some a deist. Her Letters Concerning the Religion Essential to Man (1761) are known to have been read, in translation, by Robert Burns.She was one of 15 children, and was the great-aunt of Fran\u00e7ois Huber, the naturalist.", "Q195704": "Romy Haag (born January 1, 1948) is a Dutch dancer, singer, actress and former nightclub manager.\n\n", "Q917179": "Lars Barfoed (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8l\u0251\u02d0s \u02c8p\u0251\u02d0fo\u02c0\u00f0]; born 4 July 1957) is a Danish politician representing the Conservative People's Party and was the party's leader from 2011 to 7 August 2014. He was Justice Minister of Denmark from February 2010 to October 2011, and Deputy Prime Minister of Denmark from January to October 2011. He also served as Minister for Family and Consumer Affairs from 18 February 2005 to 14 December 2006.\nA report from Rigsrevisionen had criticized the food quality inspections which is his ministry's responsibility, as well as the information which Barfoed had passed on to Folketinget about the problems. The Danish People's Party announced that it no longer had confidence in him on 13 December, meaning that there was a risk that a majority in the Folketing no longer supporting Barfoed. Barfoed resigned his office the same day with effect from 14 December. Later on it was concluded from the report that the situation only had become better while Barfoed was in office, and that the problems was dating back to former Minister of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Ritt Bjerregaard. He was Minister for Transportation from September 2008 to February 2010.\nOn 14 January 2011, Lars Barfoed succeeded Lene Espersen as political leader of the Conservative People's Party. Ended on 8 August 2014. He was succeeded by S\u00f8ren Pape Poulsen", "Q722295": "Sepp Sch\u00f6nmetzler (born 24 September 1944 in Etzdorf, Saxony) is a German figure skater, coach, and journalist. He is the 1962 and 1965 German national champion and placed 12th at the 1964 Winter Olympics. He produces the German figure skating magazine Eissport-Magazin.\n\n", "Q1573501": "Hamilton Fish III (born Hamilton Stuyvesant Fish and also known as Hamilton Fish, Jr.; December 7, 1888 \u2013 January 18, 1991) was a soldier and Republican politician from New York State. Born into a family long active in the state, he served in the United States House of Representatives from 1920 to 1945 and during that time was a prominent opponent of United States intervention in foreign affairs and was a critic of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. When Fish celebrated his 102nd birthday in 1990, he was the oldest living American who had served in Congress.", "Q3159014": "Jacques Gounon (born 1953) is a French business executive. He has been the Chairman of Eurotunnel since 14 June 2005.", "Q77009": "Paparazzi is a 2004 American action film directed by Paul Abascal, produced by actor Mel Gibson, and starring Cole Hauser. The film chronicles the life of a popular Hollywood film star in the aftermath of a car crash caused by four paparazzo tabloid photographers.\n\n", "Q270730": "Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck-Boldt (born August 12, 1975) is an American actor and director. He began his career as a child actor, appearing in the PBS television film Lemon Sky (1988) and the miniseries The Kennedys of Massachusetts (1990). He later appeared in three Gus Van Sant films \u2013 To Die For (1995), Good Will Hunting (1997), and Gerry (2002) \u2013 and in Steven Soderbergh's comedy heist trilogy Ocean's Eleven (2001), Ocean's Twelve (2004), and Ocean's Thirteen (2007). His first leading role was in Steve Buscemi's independent comedy-drama Lonesome Jim (2006).\nAffleck's breakthrough was in 2007, when he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the Western drama The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford and acted in the crime drama Gone Baby Gone, directed by his brother Ben Affleck. In 2010, he directed the mockumentary I'm Still Here. He then had a string of successful films in the early 2010s, with Tower Heist, ParaNorman, and Interstellar, and received particular praise for his performance as an outlaw in the indie film Ain't Them Bodies Saints.\nIn 2016, Affleck starred as the lead in the drama film Manchester by the Sea. For his performance as Lee Chandler, a man grieving the loss of his children, he won the Golden Globe, BAFTA and Academy Award for Best Actor, and received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination. In 2017, Affleck received critical acclaim for his leading role in the supernatural drama film A Ghost Story.", "Q527341": "Trans World Airlines (TWA) was a major American airline that existed from 1930 until 2001. It was formed as Transcontinental & Western Air to operate a route from New York City to Los Angeles via St. Louis, Kansas City, and other stops, with Ford Trimotors. With Pan Am, United, and Eastern, it was one of the \"Big Four\" domestic airlines in the United States formed by the Spoils Conference of 1930.Howard Hughes acquired control of TWA in 1939, and after World War II led the expansion of the airline to serve Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, making TWA a second unofficial flag carrier of the United States after Pan Am. Hughes gave up control in the 1960s, and the new management of TWA acquired Hilton International and Century 21 in an attempt to diversify the company's business.\nAs the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 led to a wave of airline failures, start-ups, and takeovers in the United States, TWA was spun off from its holding company in 1984. Carl Icahn acquired control of TWA and took the company private in a leveraged buyout in 1988. TWA became saddled with debt, sold its London routes, underwent Chapter 11 restructuring in 1992 and 1995, and was further stressed by the explosion of TWA Flight 800 in 1996.\nTWA was headquartered at one time in Kansas City, Missouri, and planned to make Kansas City International Airport its main domestic and international hub, but abandoned this plan in the 1970s. The airline later developed its largest hub at St. Louis Lambert International Airport. Its main transatlantic hub was the TWA Flight Center at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, an architectural icon designed by Eero Saarinen, and completed in 1962.In 2001, TWA filed for a third and final bankruptcy and was acquired by American Airlines. American laid off many former TWA employees in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks and closed its St. Louis hub in 2003.", "Q229645": "3 Ninjas Kick Back is a 1994 American film directed by Charles T. Kanganis. It is a sequel to the film 3 Ninjas. Despite being released as the second installment of the franchise, Kick Back is chronologically the third installment of the 3 Ninjas series. Originally the other sequel 3 Ninjas Knuckle Up was shot back-to-back with the first film and with the original cast, but due to distribution issues it was released in 1995. Max Elliott Slade is the only actor to reprise his role from the previous films as Jeffrey \"Colt\" Douglas, one of the 3 main characters. The film has a continuity error where Mori's last name changes from Tanaka to Shintaro for no apparent reason.It is the only film in the series to receive a video game adaptation.", "Q68129": "Olten is a town in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland and capital of the district of the same name.\nOlten's railway station is within 30 minutes of Z\u00fcrich, Bern, Basel, and Lucerne by train, and is a rail hub of Switzerland.", "Q603529": "The Bloomsbury Group\u2014or Bloomsbury Set\u2014was a group of associated English writers, intellectuals, philosophers and artists in the first half of the 20th century, including Virginia Woolf, John Maynard Keynes, E. M. Forster and Lytton Strachey. This loose collective of friends and relatives was closely associated with the University of Cambridge for the men and King's College London for the women, and they lived, worked or studied together near Bloomsbury, London. According to Ian Ousby, \"although its members denied being a group in any formal sense, they were united by an abiding belief in the importance of the arts.\" Their works and outlook deeply influenced literature, aesthetics, criticism, and economics as well as modern attitudes towards feminism, pacifism, and sexuality. A well-known quote, attributed to Dorothy Parker, is \"they lived in squares, painted in circles and loved in triangles\".", "Q69237": "Altnau is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q153637": "Dieterich Buxtehude (German: [\u02c8di\u02d0t\u0259\u0281\u026a\u00e7 b\u028akst\u0259\u02c8hu\u02d0d\u0259]; Danish: Diderich, pronounced [\u02c8ti\u00f0\u02c0\u0259\u0281ek bukst\u0259\u02c8hu\u02d0\u00f0\u0259]; c. 1637/39 \u2013 9 May 1707) was a Danish-German organist and composer of the Baroque period. His organ works represent a central part of the standard organ repertoire and are frequently performed at recitals and in church services. He composed in a wide variety of vocal and instrumental idioms, and his style strongly influenced many composers, including Johann Sebastian Bach. Today, Buxtehude is considered one of the most important composers in Germany of the mid-Baroque.", "Q76317": "Sudharmono (EVO: Soedharmono; 12 March 1927 \u2013 25 January 2006) was an Indonesian politician and military officer. He served as its fifth vice president between March 1988 and March 1993.\n\n", "Q172821": "John Martin James (10 May 1914 \u2013 27 January 2002) was a British racing driver from England. He competed in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix. James was an engineer who acquired a Maserati 4CLT/48, and entered the 1951 British Grand Prix, retiring from a damaged radiator after 23 laps. Regulation changes for 1952 limited his Maserati to competing in Formula Libre only, and he competed in several sprint races before retiring from racing.", "Q271348": "Prunella Margaret Rumney West Scales (n\u00e9e Illingworth; born 22 June 1932) is an English actress best known for her role as Basil Fawlty's wife Sybil in the BBC comedy Fawlty Towers and her BAFTA award-nominated role as Queen Elizabeth II in A Question of Attribution (Screen One, BBC 1991) by Alan Bennett.", "Q198546": "Raymond Carlos Nakai (born April 16, 1946) is a Native American flutist of Navajo/Ute heritage. Nakai played brass instruments in high school and college, and auditioned for the Armed Forces School of Music after a two-year period in the United States Navy. He began playing a traditional Native American cedar flute after an accident left him unable to play the trumpet. Largely self-taught, he released his first album Changes in 1983, and afterward signed a contract with Canyon Records, who produced more than thirty of his albums in subsequent years. His music prominently features original compositions for the flute inspired by traditional Native American melodies. Nakai has collaborated with musicians who include William Eaton, Philip Glass, Nawang Khechog, Paul Horn, and Keola Beamer. He has received 11 Grammy Award nominations for his albums.", "Q3328127": "Muriel P\u00e9nicaud (born 31 March 1955) is a French public official. She was the executive vice president of human resources at Dassault Syst\u00e8mes from 2002 to 2008, and at Groupe Danone from 2008 to 2014. She was appointed as the French Minister of Labour on 17 May 2017.\n\n", "Q173281": "Clemar Bucci (4 September 1920 \u2013 12 January 2011) was a racing driver from Argentina. He participated in five World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 17 July 1954 and several non-Championship Formula One races. He scored no championship points. He was born in Zen\u00f3n Pereyra and died in Buenos Aires.", "Q66662": "Sternenberg is a former municipality in the district of Pf\u00e4ffikon in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. Bauma and Sternenberg merged to Bauma on 1 January 2015.", "Q92085": "Emil Welk, known by his nickname Ehm Welk (August 29, 1884 \u2013 December 19, 1966), was a German journalist, writer, professor and founder of Volkshochschulen (adult education centres). He became known for his work Die Heiden von Kummerow (The Heathens of Kummerow) and used Thomas Trimm as a pseudonym.", "Q322704": "Kenny Larkin (who also releases as Dark Comedy) is an American techno producer from Detroit. He has been described by Allmusic as \"massively influential\" on American, British, and German techno.Larkin was born in 1968 and raised in Detroit, but did not participate in the early years of Detroit techno because he was serving in the military. Upon his return, he began producing, influenced by Juan Atkins and Derrick May, as well as the Chicago house music scene. His early single releases, \"We Shall Overcome\" and \"Integration\", were issued on Plus 8, a label overseen by Richie Hawtin and John Acquaviva; later releases appeared on Buzz and Warp as well as other labels. His records have seen more success in continental Europe than in the U.S.\nLate in the 1990s, Larkin began working as a stand-up comedian into the 2000s. His musical output has slowed down as a result.", "Q364751": "Niels (Latin: Nicolaus, English exonym Nicholas; c.\u20091065 \u2013 25 June 1134) was the King of Denmark from 1104 to 1134. Niels succeeded his brother Eric Evergood and is presumed to have been the youngest son of King Sweyn II Estridson. King Niels actively supported the canonization of Canute IV the Holy and supported his son Magnus I of Sweden after he killed his rival for the succession, Knud Lavard. His secular rule was supported by the clergy. Niels was killed in an ensuing civil war, and his successor was Eric II Emune.", "Q996467": "Tivadar Farkash\u00e1zy (nickname \"Teddy\") (born December 15, 1945 in Budapest, Hungary) is a Hungarian humorist, author, and journalist.", "Q2580867": "William Kaiser Van Pelt (March 10, 1905 \u2013 June 2, 1996) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin.\nBorn in Glenbeulah, Wisconsin, his family moved to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin when he was a youth.\nVan Pelt was elected to serve Wisconsin's 6th District in the 82nd United States Congress and was reelected to the six succeeding congresses as well serving from January 3, 1951 till January 3, 1965. He lost his reelection bid to the 89th Congress losing out to John A. Race.\nVan Pelt owned City Fuel Company and was involved in the Republican Party. After his time in Congress Van Pelt once again resided in Fond Du Lac until his death on June 2, 1996.", "Q654317": "Joseph Daniel Principe (born November 14, 1974) is an American musician. He is the bass guitarist, backing vocalist, and co-founder of the American rock band Rise Against.\nHe is also a straight edge, a vegan, an animal rights advocate, and actively promotes PETA with his band.", "Q295964": "Jonathan Favreau (; born October 19, 1966) is an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter.\nFavreau has starred in the films Rudy (1993), Swingers (1996, which he also wrote), Very Bad Things (1998), The Replacements (2000), Daredevil (2003), The Break-Up (2006), Couples Retreat (2009), and Chef (2014), which he also wrote and directed. He portrayed Pete Becker on the television sitcom Friends.\nHe is further known for directing the films Elf (2003), Zathura: A Space Adventure (2005), Cowboys & Aliens (2011), The Jungle Book (2016), The Lion King (2019), and The Big Country (2019).\nFavreau has been a presence in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, directing, executive producing, and starring as Happy Hogan in the films Iron Man (2008) and Iron Man 2 (2010), as well as serving as an executive producer and/or appearing as Happy Hogan in The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019).\nFor the animated series Clone Wars, he played the voice of Death Watch\u2019s leader, Pre Vizsla. He is, more significantly, the creator and one of the executive producers of the Star Wars television series The Mandalorian for Disney+, which premiered on November 12, 2019. He produces films under his production company banner, Fairview Entertainment.", "Q104009": "Michael Sauer (born 27 August 1941 in Recklinghausen) is a German former triple jumper who competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics.Sauer became West German champion every year from 1963 to 1971 except for 1966. Indoors he became West German champion every year from 1963 to 1972, won a national bronze medal every year from 1973 to 1976 and a last gold medal in 1979. He represented the club TSV 1860 M\u00fcnchen early on, then USC Mainz.", "Q1769293": "Vebj\u00f8rn Tandberg (16 September 1904 \u2013 30 August 1978) was a Norwegian electronics engineer.Tandberg was born at Bod\u00f8 in Nordland, Norway. He attended the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim (1930).\nHe founded Tandbergs Radiofabrikk of Oslo in 1933 and made it a great success.\nIn addition to his technical and commercial achievements, Tandberg was a pioneer in providing good conditions for his workforce. He instituted a 42-hour week and three weeks' annual vacation for all in 1937, and a free pension and health insurance scheme for all from 1938. A four-week vacation for all employees over 40 years of age was introduced in 1947, while the working week was reduced to 39 hours in 1948. There was a five-day work week during the summer months from 1955, over the full year from 1969.His life ended under tragic circumstances\u2014suicide\u2014after financial problems at the radio factory and the ensuing political maneuverings had left him without control so that he was frozen out from his life's work. Subsequently, Tandbergs Radiofabrikk declared bankruptcy and underwent corporation reorganization .", "Q461300": "Erik Knudsen (born March 25, 1988) is a Canadian actor. He is perhaps best known for portraying Daniel Matthews in Saw II, Alec Sadler in Continuum, and Dale Turner in the CBS series Jericho.", "Q74266": "Carl Vincent Krogmann (3 March 1889, in Hamburg \u2013 14 March 1978, in Hamburg) was a German banker, industrialist and Nazi Party politician. He served as Mayor of Hamburg for the majority of the Nazi period of government.", "Q317967": "Kostis Palamas (Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c2; 13 January [O.S. 8 January] 1859 \u2013 27 February 1943) was a Greek poet who wrote the words to the Olympic Hymn. He was a central figure of the Greek literary generation of the 1880s and one of the cofounders of the so-called New Athenian School (or Palamian School, or Second Athenian School) along with Georgios Drosinis, Nikos Kampas, and Ioannis Polemis.", "Q1398923": "Munir Bashir, the King of Oud (Arabic: \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u200e, Syriac: \u0721\u0718\u0722\u071d\u072a \u0712\u072b\u071d\u072a\u200e) (1930 \u2013 September 28, 1997) was an Iraqi Assyrian musician and one of the most famous musicians in the Middle East during the 20th century and was considered to be the supreme master of the Arab maqamat scale system.He created different styles of the Arabian Oud. He was one of the first middle eastern instrumentalists known to Europe and the United States. Bashir's music is distinguished by a novel style of improvisation that reflects his study of Indian and European tonal art in addition to oriental forms. Born in Iraq, he had to deal with numerous disruptions of violent coup attempts and multiple wars that the country went through. He would eventually exile to Europe and first became notable in Hungary.", "Q64075": "Shin Dong-hyuk (born Shin In Geun, 19 November 1982 or 1980) is a North Korean-born human rights activist. He is reputed to be the only known prisoner to have successfully escaped from a \"total-control zone\" grade internment camp in North Korea. He was the subject of a biography, Escape from Camp 14: One Man's Remarkable Odyssey From North Korea to Freedom in the West, by former Washington Post journalist Blaine Harden. \nShin has given talks to audiences around the world about his life in Camp 14 and about the totalitarian North Korean regime to raise awareness of the situation in North Korean internment and concentration camps and North Korea. Shin has been described as the world's \"single strongest voice\" on the atrocities inside North Korean camps by a member of the United Nations' first commission of inquiry into human rights abuses of North Korea. \nIn January 2015, he recanted aspects of his story, but a majority of experts continued to support his credibility as a victim of North Korean human rights abuses.\n\n", "Q72617": "Doris Schr\u00f6der-K\u00f6pf (born 5 August 1963) is a German journalist and politician. She was the fourth wife of the former German chancellor Gerhard Schr\u00f6der. Her articles have been published in newspapers and magazines including Bild and Focus.", "Q25997": "Innokentiy Fyodorovich Annensky (Russian: \u0418\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0301\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [\u026an\u0250\u02c8k\u02b2en\u02b2t\u02b2\u026aj \u02c8f\u02b2\u0275d\u0259r\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8an\u02b2\u026ansk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen); 1 September 1855 (N.S.) \u2013 13 December 1909 (N.S.)) was a poet, critic and translator, representative of the first wave of Russian Symbolism. Sometimes cited as a Slavic counterpart to the po\u00e8tes maudits, Annensky managed to render into Russian the essential intonations of Baudelaire and Verlaine, while the subtle music, ominous allusions, arcane vocabulary, the spell of minutely changing colours and odours were all his own. His influence on the first post-Symbolist generation of poets (Akhmatova, Gumilyov, Mandelshtam) was paramount.", "Q14592": "Ettiswil is a municipality in the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.\nOn January 1, 2006 the municipality of Kottwil, lying several kilometres to the northeast, was incorporated into Ettiswil.", "Q938824": "Timothy Holme (1928\u20131987) was an English born, but latterly Italian resident, author. He is best known for his biography of Carlo Goldoni, the Venetian playwright and librettist, and for his series of five mystery novels featuring the fictional Neapolitan detective Achille Peroni.Holme's parents were the producer and curator Stanford Holme and actress and author Thea Holme. His maternal grandfather was the architect Philip Mainwaring Johnston.He began his working life in the theatre, switching to journalism after seven years of acting. On holiday in Italy, he met and married his Italian teacher, Bianca. They settled in Verona, where he wrote several non-fiction books (including the biography of Goldoni) and the five Peroni mysteries. He died in Italy in 1987.", "Q101171": "Ludwig Schmid-Wildy (3 May 1896 \u2013 30 January 1982) was a German actor.", "Q3529062": "Timothy Eaton (March 1834 \u2013 31 January 1907) was an Irish businessman who founded the Eaton's department store, one of the most important retail businesses in Canada's history.", "Q158004": "Piotrk\u00f3w Trybunalski ([\u02c8p\u02b2\u0254trkuf tr\u0268bu\u02c8nalsk\u02b2i] (listen); also known by alternative names) German: Petrikau) is a city in central Poland with 73,670 inhabitants (2018). It is situated in the \u0141\u00f3d\u017a Voivodeship (since 1999), and was previously the capital of the Piotrk\u00f3w Voivodeship (1975\u20131998). It is the capital of Piotrk\u00f3w County.\n\n", "Q62404": "Maria Sophie von La Roche (n\u00e9e Gutermann von Gutershofen; 6 December 1730 \u2013 18 February 1807) was a German novelist. She is considered the first financially independent professional writer in Germany.", "Q2576897": "Space Ghost is an American animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. It first aired on CBS from September 10, 1966, to September 16, 1967 and continued reruns until September 7, 1968. The series was composed of two unrelated segments, Space Ghost and Dino Boy in the Lost Valley. The series was created by Alex Toth and produced and directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. Sometimes it is alternatively called Space Ghost & Dino Boy, to acknowledge the presence of both shows.", "Q107514": "Lia Eibensch\u00fctz (1899\u20131985) was a German actress. She was married to the actor Kurt Vespermann with whom she had a son Gerd Vespermann who also became an actor.", "Q1362125": "The First Cemetery of Athens (Greek: \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u039d\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u0391\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, Pr\u00f3to Nekrotafe\u00edo Athin\u00f3n) is the official cemetery of the City of Athens and the first to be built. It opened in 1837 and soon became a prestigious cemetery for Greeks and foreigners.\nThe cemetery is located behind the Temple of Olympian Zeus and the Panathinaiko Stadium in central Athens. It can be found at the top end of Anapafseos Street (Eternal Rest Street). It is a large green space with pines and cypresses.\nIn the cemetery there are three churches. The main one is the Church of Saint Theodores and there is also a smaller one dedicated to Saint Lazarus. The third church of Saint Charles is a Catholic church. The cemetery includes several impressive tombs such as those of Heinrich Schliemann, designed by Ernst Ziller; Ioannis Pesmazoglou; Georgios Averoff; and one tomb with a famous sculpture of a dead young girl called I Koimomeni (\"The Sleeping Girl\") and sculpted by Yannoulis Chalepas from the island of Tinos. There are also burial areas for Protestants and Jews, however, this segregation is not compulsory.\nThe cemetery is under the Municipality of Athens and is declared an historical monument.", "Q108627": "Rollo Gebhard (July 7, 1921 \u2013 December 27, 2013) was a German multiple single hand maritime circumnavigator and author of books.\n\n", "Q1531040": "Martin Glenn Barber (February 2, 1935 \u2013 March 28, 2008), was an American country and rockabilly performer. He recorded for Hickory Records in the 1970s, releasing three albums and charting 21 singles on Hot Country Songs. His highest chart entry was \"Unexpected Goodbye\", which reached number 23.", "Q129831": "Elizabeth Berkley (born July 28, 1972) is an American actress and reality show personality. Berkley's most notable roles were as Jessie Spano in the television series Saved by the Bell, and as Nomi Malone in the 1995 Paul Verhoeven film Showgirls.", "Q25339021": "The Secret Agent is a three-part British espionage television drama serial based on the 1907 novel The Secret Agent by Joseph Conrad. The show stars Toby Jones, Vicky McClure, Stephen Graham, David Dawson and Ian Hart. The three-part series began airing on BBC One on 17 July 2016. It is the fourth BBC adaptation of the novel, having been previously made in 1967, 1972, and 1992.", "Q438261": "Jean-\u00c9mile Charon (French: [\u0283a\u0281\u0254\u0303]; 25 February 1920, in Paris \u2013 June 1998, in Paris) was a French nuclear physicist, philosopher and writer. He was the author of over 20 books on physics, scientific philosophy, and computer science. He conducted nuclear research at France's Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00e9nergie atomique (Atomic Energy Authority).", "Q242796": "Lady Antonia Margaret Caroline Fraser, (n\u00e9e Pakenham; born 27 August 1932) is a British author of history, novels, biographies and detective fiction. She is the widow of the 2005 Nobel Laureate in Literature, Harold Pinter (1930\u20132008), and prior to his death was also known as Lady Antonia Pinter.", "Q116419": "Caspar Baader (born 1 October 1953) is a Swiss politician, attorney and member of the Swiss National Council from the canton of Basel-Country. Elected in 1998, he is a member of the Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC).\nBaader is married and father of three.", "Q25983": "Ernest Frank Guelph Cox (1883\u20131959) was an English engineer, with knowledge in electrical and mechanical engineering, which he notably deployed in marine salvage. Between 1924 and 1931 his Cox & Danks Shipbreaking Co. successfully raised 35 ships of the German Imperial Navy High Seas Fleet that had been scuttled at Gutter Sound, Scapa Flow, in 1919. A tough but caring employer, after a series of fatalities and accidents to his employees, Cox sold his marine salvaging business to the Alloa Shipbreaking Company in 1932. He remained a consultant to the British Admiralty throughout his remaining career, and retired in the early 1950s after selling his profitable scrap metal business to Metal Industries Group.", "Q951886": "Stephen Randall Glass (born September 15, 1972) is an American former journalist, who is currently employed at a law firm in Beverly Hills. In 1998, it was revealed that many of his published articles were fabrications. Over a three-year period as a young reporter at The New Republic, Glass invented quotations, sources, and events in articles he wrote for that magazine and others. Most of Glass's articles were of the entertaining and humorous type. Some were based entirely on fictional events. Several seemed to endorse negative stereotypes about ethnic and political groups. In 2016, Glass revealed that he had repaid over $200,000 to The New Republic and other publications for his earlier fabrications.Glass holds a Juris Doctor degree from Georgetown University Law Center. Although he passed the bar exam in both New York and California, he withdrew his application to become a licensed attorney in New York in 2004 after being advised it would not succeed. In 2014, the California Supreme Court unanimously ruled that he should not be licensed in that state. Glass worked as a paralegal at a law firm for a number of years and was later promoted to Director of Special Projects and Trial Team Coordinator.His career at The New Republic was dramatized in the 2003 film Shattered Glass in which Glass was portrayed by Hayden Christensen. Glass fictionalized his own story in The Fabulist (2003), a novel whose protagonist is named \"Stephen Aaron Glass\".", "Q262446": "Nanna \u00d8land Fabricius (born 2 May 1985), better known by her stage name Oh Land, is a Danish musician, singer, songwriter, dancer and recording artist.\n\n", "Q14586": "Altishofen is a municipality in the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the former municipality of Ebersecken merged into Altishofen.", "Q469990": "Sylvia McNair (born June 23, 1956) is an American opera singer and classical recitalist who has also achieved notable success in the Broadway and cabaret genres. McNair, a soprano, has made several critically acclaimed recordings and has won two Grammy Awards.", "Q62410": "Maximilian Lenz (born 4 March 1965), known by his stage name WestBam, is a DJ and musician from Germany. He is the co-founder of the record label Low Spirit.", "Q4385606": "Wayne M. Perry (born December 12, 1950) is a retired American businessman and former national president of the Boy Scouts of America (2012\u20132014).", "Q24445": "Stefan Nemanji\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d \u041d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u045a\u0438\u045b, pronounced [st\u00eafa\u02d0n n\u011bma\u0272it\u0255]) or Stefan the First-Crowned (Serbian: \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d \u041f\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438 / Stefan Prvoven\u010dani, IPA: [st\u00eafa\u02d0n pr\u028bo\u028b\u011bnt\u0283a\u02d0ni\u02d0]; around 1165 \u2013 24 September 1228) was Grand Prince of Serbia from 1196, and the King of Serbia from 1217 until his death in 1228. He was the first Rascian king, and through his promotion of the Serbian Grand Principality into a kingdom and helping his brother Saint Sava in establishing the Serbian Church, he is regarded one of the most important of the Nemanji\u0107 dynasty.", "Q109539": "Peter Kinzing (1745\u20131816) was a noted German Mennonite clockmaker.\n\nKinzing was born in Neuwied, Germany, and is supposed to have made his first pendulum clock at the age of ten. He began work with the German \u00e9b\u00e9niste David Roentgen circa 1770; Roentgen made the cases, and Kinzing produced the complicated mechanisms with automatic musical instruments, especially organs und dulcimers, a few carillons are also known of. In 1785 both were honored with titles from the French monarchy. Kinzing was called horloger de la reine (Clockmaker to the Queen). Around 1785 Kinzing produced a series of longcase regulators with dials according to the plans of Benjamin Franklin, whom Kinzing and Roentgen probably became acquainted with in Paris. These clocks were housed in obelisk cases made by the Roentgen workshops. They were sold mainly to principalities in Central Europe. In Europe the clocks are called Franklin clocks. The quintessence of Kinzing's mechanical musical clocks was the series of so-called Apollo clocks. A superb example of an Apollo clock is to be found in the Roentgen Museum Neuwied Germany. Peter Kinzing is also known to have produced at least 2 equation month going regulators also in obelisk case, one of which is still situated in the Leipzig town hall. Kinzing was among the first German clockmakers to make precision regulators with equation movements in the contemporary French style.\nKinzing died in 1816 in Mannheim, Germany.", "Q33139": "To Die like a Man (Portuguese: Morrer Como Um Homem) is a 2009 Portuguese drama film directed by Jo\u00e3o Pedro Rodrigues, produced by the production company Rosa Filmes.\n\n", "Q269513": "Cheng Pei-pei (born 6 January 1946) is a Chinese actress perhaps best known for her performance in the 1966 King Hu wuxia film Come Drink with Me. She is more recently known for her portrayal of Jade Fox in the award-winning 2000 wuxia film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.", "Q1534138": "Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences (official name National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan) the highest scientific organization of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Academy of Sciences was founded on 1 June 1946 on the basis of the Kazakh branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The central office is located in Almaty. It is a state institution that joins active members (academicians), corresponding members, and leading scientists of Kazakhstan.\nThe main activities of the Academy are scientific research, analysis and forecasting of the development of science, priorities of science development and scientific personnel training, support, formation, and coordination of scientific programs, promotion of international cooperation, innovation and investment in science-based development. Areas of research include earth sciences, mathematics, computer science, physics, remote sensing and space technologies, chemistry, new materials, biologically active substances, biochemistry and physiology of plants, botany, soil sciences, social sciences and humanities. The incumbent president (as of 2020) is Professor Murat Zhurinov.", "Q144439": "Aleksander G\u0142owacki (20 August 1847 \u2013 19 May 1912), better known by his pen name Boles\u0142aw Prus ( [b\u0254'l\u03b5swaf 'prus]), was a Polish novelist, a leading figure in the history of Polish literature and philosophy, as well as a distinctive voice in world literature.As a 15-year-old, Aleksander G\u0142owacki joined the Polish 1863 Uprising against Imperial Russia. Shortly after his 16th birthday, he suffered severe battle injuries. Five months later, he was imprisoned for his part in the Uprising. These early experiences may have precipitated the panic disorder and agoraphobia that dogged him through life, and shaped his opposition to attempting to regain Poland's independence by force of arms.\nIn 1872, at the age of 25, in Warsaw, he settled into a 40-year journalistic career that highlighted science, technology, education, and economic and cultural development. These societal enterprises were essential to the endurance of a people who had in the 18th century been partitioned out of political existence by Russia, Prussia and Austria. G\u0142owacki took his pen name \"Prus\" from the appellation of his family's coat-of-arms.\nAs a sideline, he wrote short stories. Succeeding with these, he went on to employ a larger canvas; over the decade between 1884 and 1895, he completed four major novels: The Outpost, The Doll, The New Woman and Pharaoh. The Doll depicts the romantic infatuation of a man of action who is frustrated by his country's backwardness. Pharaoh, Prus' only historical novel, is a study of political power and of the fates of nations, set in ancient Egypt at the fall of the 20th Dynasty and New Kingdom.", "Q133869": "Juan Madrid (born 1947, in M\u00e1laga) is a Spanish writer, journalist and script writer.", "Q92091": "Heinrich Rudolf Hildebrand (13 March 1824 \u2013 28 October 1894) was a Germanist, contributor to, and then, editor of the Grimm brothers' Deutsches W\u00f6rterbuch. He also wrote on the history of German folksongs, and on the teaching of the German language in schools.\nRudolf Hildebrand was born in Leipzig to typesetter Heinrich Hildebrand and Amalia, born Porges. He attended the Thomasschule in Leipzig from 1836 to 1843. He went on to study at Leipzig University, where he first studied theology as his father wished him to, but soon switched to classical and German philology. Among his teachers were Moritz Haupt. He wrote his main thesis about Walther von der Vogelweide, which was later published in 1900.In 1848, he worked for a time as reviewer and translator of the Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung and was considering a career as a publisher. However, the same year, he started working as a teacher at the Thomasschule from 1848 and remained there to 1868.He became professor of newer German language and literature at the University of Leipzig in 1869 (\"au\u00dferordentlicher Professor\" from 1869, \"ordentlicher Professor\" from 1874).", "Q95926": "Wilhelm Knabe (born 8 October 1923 in Arnsdorf, Saxony) is a noted German ecologist, pacifist, civil servant, politician and a co-founder of the Green Party in Germany. He served as one of three speakers (that is, chairmen) of the Greens at the federal level from November 1982 until December 1984. He also served as the 1. Speaker of the party in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Knabe was a Member of the Bundestag from 1987 until 1990. He was vice mayor of the city of M\u00fclheim from 1994 to 1999.\nBefore he became involved with Green politics, Knabe was a member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany from 1946 to 1966.\nAs a Christian Democrat, Knabe fled the totalitarian communist regime of East Germany in 1959, and settled in West Germany. He is the father of noted historian Hubertus Knabe.", "Q67568": "Wolfgang Georg Louis Liebeneiner (6 October 1905 \u2013 28 November 1987) was a German actor, film director and theatre director.", "Q866780": "Edward Samuel Herman (April 7, 1925 \u2013 November 11, 2017) was an American economist, media scholar and social critic. Herman is known for his media criticism, in particular his propaganda model hypothesis developed with Noam Chomsky, a frequent co-writer. He held an appointment as Professor Emeritus of finance at the Wharton School of Business of the University of Pennsylvania and a media analyst with a specialty in corporate and regulatory issues as well as political economy. He also taught at Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania.\nIdeologically, Herman has been described as a \"dedicated radical democrat\", an ideology which opposes corporate control in favor of direct democracy while distancing itself from other radical movements.", "Q70014": "Tanja Hewer (born 15 February 1972, in Villingen-Schwenningen), known by the stage name Michelle, is a German singer. She represented Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2001 with the song Wer Liebe lebt (\"To Live for Love\"), which placed eighth from 23 participating countries with 66 points. Since her debut in 1992 she has won numerous awards, including two Echo awards, two Goldene Stimmgabeln, two Amadeus Austria awards. According to record certifications she has sold at least 4,600,000 CDs.", "Q188999": "Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain, KG (16 October 1863 \u2013 16 March 1937) was a British statesman, son of Joseph Chamberlain and older half-brother of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer (twice) and was briefly Conservative Party leader before serving as Foreign Secretary.\nBrought up to be the political heir of his father, whom he physically resembled, he was elected to Parliament as a Liberal Unionist at a by-election in 1892, and held office in the Unionist coalition governments of 1895\u20131905, remaining in the Cabinet as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1903\u201305) after his father resigned in 1903 to campaign for Tariff Reform. After his father's disabling stroke in 1906 Austen became the leading tariff reformer in the House of Commons. Late in 1911 he and Walter Long were due to fight one another for the leadership of the Conservative Party (in succession to Arthur Balfour), but both withdrew in favour of Bonar Law rather than risk a party split on a close result.\nChamberlain returned to office in H. H. Asquith's wartime coalition government in May 1915, as Secretary of State for India, but resigned to take responsibility for the disastrous Kut Campaign. He again returned to office in David Lloyd George's coalition government, once again serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer. He then served as Conservative Party leader in the Commons (1921\u20132), before resigning after the Carlton Club meeting voted to end the Lloyd George Coalition.\nLike many leading coalitionists, he did not hold office in the Conservative governments of 1922\u20134. By now regarded as an elder statesman, he served an important term as Foreign Secretary in Stanley Baldwin's Second Government (1924\u20139), during which he negotiated the Locarno Pact (1925), aimed at preventing war between France and Germany, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He last held office as First Lord of the Admiralty in 1931. He was one of the few MPs supporting Winston Churchill's appeals for rearmament against the German threat in the 1930s, and remained an active backbench MP until his death in 1937.", "Q4027579": "Benjamin Leroy Holt (January 1, 1849 \u2013 December 5, 1920) was an American inventor who patented and manufactured the first practical crawler-type tread tractor. The continuous-type track is used for heavy agricultural and engineering vehicles to spread the weight over a large area to prevent the vehicle from sinking into soft ground. He founded with his brothers the Holt Manufacturing Company.", "Q236017": "Jiang Qing (March 19, 1914 \u2013 May 14, 1991), also known as Madame Mao, was a Chinese Communist Revolutionary, actress, and major political figure during the Cultural Revolution (1966\u201376). She was the fourth wife of Mao Zedong, the Chairman of the Communist Party and Paramount leader of China. She used the stage name Lan Ping (\u85cd\u860b) during her acting career (which ended in 1938), and was known by many other names. She married Mao in Yan'an in November 1938 and served as the inaugural \"First Lady\" of the People's Republic of China. Jiang Qing was best known for playing a major role in the Cultural Revolution and for forming the radical political alliance known as the \"Gang of Four\".\nJiang Qing served as Mao's personal secretary in the 1940s and was head of the Film Section of the Communist Party's Propaganda Department in the 1950s. She served as an important emissary for Mao in the early stages of the Cultural Revolution. In 1966 she was appointed deputy director of the Central Cultural Revolution Group. She collaborated with Lin Biao to advance Mao's unique brand of Communist ideology as well as Mao's cult of personality. At the height of the Cultural Revolution, Jiang Qing held significant influence in the affairs of state, particularly in the realm of culture and the arts, and was idolized in propaganda posters as the \"Great Flagbearer of the Proletarian Revolution\". In 1969, Jiang gained a seat on the Politburo.\nBefore Mao's death, the Gang of Four controlled many of China's political institutions, including the media and propaganda. However, Jiang Qing, deriving most of her political legitimacy from Mao, often found herself at odds with other top leaders. Mao's death in 1976 dealt a significant blow to Jiang Qing's political fortunes. She was arrested in October 1976 by Hua Guofeng and his allies, and was subsequently condemned by party authorities. Since then, Jiang Qing has been officially branded as having been part of the \"Lin Biao and Jiang Qing Counter-Revolutionary Cliques\" (\u6797\u5f6a\u6c5f\u9752\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u96c6\u56e2), to which most of the blame for the damage and devastation caused by the Cultural Revolution was assigned. Though she was initially sentenced to death, her sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in 1983. After being released for medical treatment, Jiang Qing committed suicide in May 1991.", "Q952431": "Michael Roy Kitchen (born 31 October 1948) is an English actor and television producer, best known for his role as Detective Chief Superintendent Christopher Foyle in the ITV drama series Foyle's War 2002-15. He also played the role of Bill Tanner in two James Bond films and John Farrow in BBC Four's comedy series Brian Pern.", "Q325719": "Karol \u015aliwka (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8kar\u0254l \u02c8\u0255lifka]; 13 March 1894, Byst\u0159ice, Austrian Silesia - 19 March 1943, Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp) was a Polish communist politician from Zaolzie region in the First Czechoslovak Republic. \u015aliwka was one of the most prominent political leaders of the Polish minority in Zaolzie and a member of National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Republic from 1925 to 1938.\n\u015aliwka was born son of a metallurgy worker in Byst\u0159ice (Bystrzyca). After finishing five classes of elementary school in his native village he entered the Polish gymnasium (grammar school) in Cieszyn.After outbreak of World War I he volunteered to army of General J\u00f3zef Haller but after several months became a prisoner of war in Russia from 1915 to 1918 (mostly in Kaluga). In 1917 he joined the Bolshevik Party. In 1921 he became an Executive Committee member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. He was the editor of the newspaper G\u0142os Robotniczy ('Workers Voice'). \u015aliwka was the foremost leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia within the Polish minority. He was an advocate of unity between Polish, Czech and German communists in \u010cesk\u00fd T\u011b\u0161\u00edn.\u015aliwka represented the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in the Czechoslovak National Assembly between 1925-1938. As a parliamentarian, \u015aliwka fought for the rights of the Polish minority in the Czechoslovak Republic. Following the cession of Zaolzie territory to Poland, \u015aliwka and another Polish parliamentarian Leon Wolf, leader of the League of Silesian Catholics, lost their parliamentary seats on 30 October 1938. Other parliamentarians representing national minorities suffered a similar fate. Polish authorities adopted strict measures against communist activists. \u015aliwka and another activist Franciszek Kraus have been jailed in Mokot\u00f3w Prison in Warsaw. He was released after he signed a testimony saying he is breaking up with communist movement.As a result, he was expelled from the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. In April 1940 he was arrested by Gestapo and jailed in Moravsk\u00e1 Ostrava and later in other towns. In 1942 he was sentenced for five years in prison, which he served in Cieszyn. \u015aliwka was eventually transferred to the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, where he officially died in March 1943. After World War II he was dishonoured in Czechoslovakia for alleged betrayal of communist ideals in 1938. He was exonerated in 1969.", "Q372899": "Magnum Photos is an international photographic cooperative owned by its photographer-members, with offices in New York City, Paris, London and Tokyo. According to co-founder Henri Cartier-Bresson, \"Magnum is a community of thought, a shared human quality, a curiosity about what is going on in the world, a respect for what is going on and a desire to transcribe it visually.\"", "Q229651": "Kaya Rose Scodelario-Davis (n\u00e9e Humphrey; 13 March 1992) is an English actress. She is best known for her roles as Effy Stonem on the E4 teen drama Skins (2007\u20132010, 2013), and Teresa in The Maze Runner film series (2014\u20132018). Other roles include Catherine Earnshaw in Andrea Arnold's Wuthering Heights (2011), Carol Ann Boone in Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile (2019), and Katarina Baker in Netflix\u2019s Original Spinning Out (2020).", "Q20145": "Lee Ji-eun (Korean: \uc774\uc9c0\uc740; born May 16, 1993), known professionally as IU (Korean: \uc544\uc774\uc720), is a South Korean singer-songwriter and actress. During her middle school years, IU auditioned for various talent agencies in hopes of becoming a singer. She signed with Kakao M (formerly LOEN Entertainment) in 2007 as a trainee and debuted as a singer at the age of fifteen with her album, Lost and Found. Although her follow-up albums, Growing Up and IU...IM, brought mainstream success, it was after the release of \"Good Day\" (Korean: \uc88b\uc740 \ub0a0), the lead single from her 2010 album Real, that she achieved national stardom. \"Good Day\" went on to spend five consecutive weeks at the top position of South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart, a joint record along with Psy's \"Gangnam Style\", and in 2019, it was ranked number one on Billboard magazine's 100 Greatest K-Pop Songs of the 2010s.With the success of her 2011 albums, Real+ and Last Fantasy, IU established herself as a formidable force on the music charts of her native country and further cemented her girl next door image as Korea's \"little sister\". 2011 also saw her first foray into songwriting with \"Hold My Hand\", which was written for the television series The Greatest Love. IU's third full-length album release, Modern Times (2013), showcased a more mature style that marked a departure from her earlier girlish image, with several tracks reaching the top 10 positions on Gaon Digital Chart. While her subsequent releases, including albums A Flower Bookmark, Chat-Shire, and Palette, continued to deviate from the mainstream K-pop style, IU retained her dominance on music charts. Chat-Shire marked the first time she is credited as the sole lyricist and composer of her own album.IU has released a total of four studio albums and nine extended plays in her career, scoring three number-one albums and twenty-three number-one singles on the Gaon Music Charts. One of the best-selling solo acts in the group-dominated K-pop industry, she has been included on Forbes magazine's annual Korea Power Celebrity list since 2012 and reached a peak ranking of number three that year. Billboard recognized IU as the all-time leader of its Korea K-Pop Hot 100 chart with the most number-one songs and the artist who has held the number-one position for the most number of weeks.\nAccording to a Gallup Korea survey, she was the most popular idol and artist among South Koreans in 2017.Aside from her music career, IU has ventured into hosting radio and television shows, as well as acting. Following her supporting role in teen drama Dream High and minor appearances in several television series, IU starred in You're the Best, Lee Soon-shin, Pretty Man, The Producers, Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo, My Mister, Persona and Hotel del Luna.", "Q246296": "Maciej Rataj (19 February 1884 \u2013 21 June 1940) was a Polish politician and writer.", "Q269275": "Jan Tomaszewski (born 9 January 1948) is a former Polish international football goalkeeper of the 1970s. He kept goal for the national teams that came third at the 1974 World Cup, where he was named Best Goalkeeper, that won the silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, and that competed at the 1978 World Cup. He was later a football commentator and politician.", "Q76303": "Benjamin Schmolck (21 December 1672 \u2013 12 February 1737) was a German Lutheran composer of hymns. \nHe was born a pastor's son in Brauchitschdorf (Chr\u00f3stnik), Silesia. After attending the gymnasium in Liegnitz (Legnica), he studied theology at the University of Leipzig from 1693 to 1697. In 1702 he was ordained as a deacon at the Protestant Church of Peace and in 1714 as the pastor of the Church of the Holy Trinity in Schweidnitz (\u015awidnica), where he stayed for the rest of his life. Influenced by the pietism movement he became the most popular hymn writer of his day. His compositions include My Jesus as Thou Wilt and A faithful friend is wandering yonder. One of his pupils was the poet Johann Christian G\u00fcnther.\nSchmolck died in Schweidnitz.", "Q463265": "Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (August 7, 1890 \u2013 September 5, 1964) was a labor leader, activist, and feminist who played a leading role in the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). Flynn was a founding member of the American Civil Liberties Union and a visible proponent of women's rights, birth control, and women's suffrage. She joined the Communist Party USA in 1936 and late in life, in 1961, became its chairwoman. She died during a visit to the Soviet Union, where she was accorded a state funeral with processions in the Red Square attended by over 25,000 people.", "Q1091015": "Aki Kuroda (\u9ed2\u7530 \u30a2\u30ad, Kuroda Aki, 4 October 1944\u2013), real name Akihiko Kuroda (\u9ed2\u7530 \u660e\u6bd4\u53e4, Kuroda Akihiko), is a Japanese painter based in Paris, France.\n\nAki Kuroda, well known for his silhouettes and figures painted with line strokes, which has been considered like a symbol of \u201cpassage\u201d to the labyrinth.\nSince 1992, he has continued to produce a fluxional interactive art spectacle/installation named \"COSMOGARDEN\" (the cosmic garden). As of January 2020, Aki Kuroda is represented by Richard Taittinger Gallery in New York City.\n\n", "Q10086": "Mysore ( (listen)), officially Mysuru, is a city in the southern part of the state of Karnataka, India. Mysore city is geographically located between 12\u00b0 18\u2032 26\u2033 north latitude and 76\u00b0 38\u2032 59\u2033 east longitude. It is located at an altitude of 2,427 ft (739.75 m).\nMysore is located in the foothills of the Chamundi Hills about 145.2 km (90 mi) towards the southwest of Bangalore and spread across an area of 152 km2 (59 sq mi). Mysore City Corporation is responsible for the civic administration of the city, which is also the headquarters of the Mysore district and the Mysore division.\nIt served as the capital city of the Kingdom of Mysore for nearly six centuries from 1399 until 1956. The Kingdom was ruled by the Wadiyar dynasty, with a brief period of interregnum in the 1760s and 70s when Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan were in power. The Wadiyars were patrons of art and culture. Tipu Sultan and Hyder Ali also contributed significantly to the cultural and economic growth of the city and the state by planting mulberry trees introducing silk in the region and fighting 4 Anglo Mysore wars against the British. The cultural ambience and achievements of Mysore earned it the sobriquet Cultural Capital of Karnataka.\nMysore is noted for its heritage structures and palaces, including the Mysore Palace, and for the festivities that take place during the Dasara festival when the city receives many tourists from around the world. It lends its name to various art forms and culture, such as Mysore Dasara, Mysore Painting; the sweet dish Mysore Pak, Mysore Masala Dosa; brands such as Mysore Sandal Soap, Mysore Ink; and styles and cosmetics such as Mysore Peta (a traditional silk turban) and the Mysore Silk sarees. Mysore is also known for its special variety of jasmine flower fondly referred as \"Mysore Mallige\" and betel leaves.Tourism is the major industry alongside the traditional industries. Mysore's inter-city public transportation includes rail, bus and flights.", "Q62376": "Siegfried Wilhelm (von) Dehn (24 or 25 February 1799 \u2013 12 April 1858) was a German music theorist, editor, teacher and librarian.\nBorn in Altona, Dehn was the son of a banker and learned to play the cello as a boy. Intent on becoming a diplomat, he studied law in Leipzig but also took music lessons from J. A. Dr\u00f6bs. While attached to the Swedish embassy in Berlin, Dehn developed an interest in musical research, studying with Bernhard Klein. He was left destitute by the failure of the family bank in 1830 and decided to devote himself to music; he soon became known and respected widely as a musical theorist and teacher.In 1842, composer Giacomo Meyerbeer recommended Dehn to fill the post of custodian of the Prussian royal library. Dehn threw himself into cataloging the collection, bringing it into order and adding to it copiously from libraries all over Prussia. Among the collections he amassed were those of Anton Schindler and Georg P\u00f6lchau; the latter was especially notable for its manuscripts by Johann Sebastian Bach and Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. Dehn was also editor of C\u00e4cilia from 1842 to 1848 and professor of the Royal Academy of the Arts from 1849. On the death of Friedrich Konrad Griepenkerl in 1849, Dehn helped edit J.S. Bach's instrumental music for the Peters Edition. He was responsible for, among other works, the first publishing of the Brandenburg concertos. He also edited a large number of Lassus motets.Dehn was widely respected as a teacher. His students included Albert Becker, Ludwig Bussler, Peter Cornelius, Mikhail Glinka, Heinrich Hofmann, Gustav Nottebohm, and Anton Rubinstein. See: List of music students by teacher: C to F#Siegfried Dehn.\nHe died in Berlin.", "Q812767": "Shinto, also known as kami-no-michi, is a religion originating from Japan. Classified as an East Asian religion by scholars of religion, its practitioners often regard it as Japan's indigenous religion and as a nature religion. Scholars sometimes call its practitioners Shintoists, although adherents rarely use that term themselves. There is no central authority in control of the movement and much diversity exists among practitioners.\nShinto is polytheistic and revolves around the kami (\"gods\" or \"spirits\"), supernatural entities believed to inhabit all things. The link between the kami and the natural world has led to Shinto being considered animistic and pantheistic. The kami are worshiped at kamidana household shrines, family shrines, and public shrines. The latter are staffed by priests who oversee offerings to the kami and the provision of religious paraphernalia such as amulets to the religion's adherents. Other common rituals include the kagura ritual dances, age specific celebrations, and seasonal festivals. These festivals and rituals are collectively called matsuri. A major conceptual focus in Shinto is ensuring purity by cleansing practices of various types including ritual washing or bathing. Shinto does not emphasize specific moral codes other than ritual purity, reverence for kami, and regular communion following seasonal practices. Shinto has no single creator or specific doctrinal text, but exists in a diverse range of localized and regionalised forms.\nBelief in kami can be traced to the Yayoi period (300 BCE \u2013 300 CE), although similar concepts existed during the late J\u014dmon period. At the end of the Kofun period (300 to 538 CE), Buddhism entered Japan and influenced kami veneration. Through Buddhist influence, kami came to be depicted anthropomorphically and were situated within Buddhist cosmology. Religious syncretisation made kami worship and Buddhism functionally inseparable, a process called shinbutsu-sh\u016bg\u014d. The earliest written tradition regarding kami worship was recorded in the eighth-century Kojiki and Nihon Shoki. In ensuing centuries, shinbutsu-sh\u016bg\u014d was adopted by Japan's Imperial household. During the Meiji era (1868 \u2013 1912 CE), Japan's leadership expelled Buddhist influence from Shinto and formed State Shinto, which they utilized as a method for fomenting nationalism and imperial worship. Shrines came under growing government influence, and the Emperor of Japan was elevated to a particularly high position as a kami. With the formation of the Japanese Empire in the early 20th century, Shinto was exported to other areas of East Asia. Following Japan's defeat in World War II, Shinto was formally separated from the state. \nShinto is primarily found in Japan, where there are around 80,000 public shrines; the country's shrine organization claims 113 million adherents. Shinto is also practiced elsewhere, in smaller numbers. Only a minority of Japanese people identify as religious, although most of the population take part in Shinto matsuri and Buddhist activities, especially festivals, and seasonal events. This reflects a common view in Japanese culture that the beliefs and practices of different religions need not be exclusive. Aspects of Shinto have also been incorporated into various Japanese new religious movements.\n\n", "Q371348": "Thomas Randolph Bell (born January 26, 1943) is a Jamaican-born American songwriter, arranger, and record producer, known as one of the creators of Philadelphia soul in the 1970s. Bell is best known for his success with the Philadelphia sound in the 1970s, particularly with the Stylistics and Spinners. In June 2006, Bell was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2016, Bell was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum.", "Q264989": "Haruko Momoi (Japanese: \u6843\u4e95 \u306f\u308b\u3053, Hepburn: Momoi Haruko, born December 14, 1977) is a Japanese singer, songwriter and voice actress. She also produces an all-female pop group called Afilia Saga. She was born in Tokyo, Japan and is affectionately referred to as Halko by her fans, a nickname she gave herself which is inspired by HAL 9000, the computer in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey.", "Q72165": "Ernst Lissauer (16 December 1882 in Berlin \u2013 10 December 1937 in Vienna) was a German-Jewish poet and dramatist remembered for the phrase Gott strafe England (\"May God punish England\"). He also created the Hassgesang gegen England, or \"Song of Hate against England\".Lissauer was \"a round little man, a jolly face above a double double-chin, bubbling over with self-importance and exuberance,\" according to his friend Stefan Zweig. He was a committed nationalist and a devotee of the Prussian tradition as well as an ambitious poet. Zweig said of him: \"Germany was his world and the more Germanic anything was, the more it delighted him.\" His devotion to German history, poetry, art and music was, in his own words, a monomania, and it only increased with the outbreak of World War I, when he penned his hate song. Wilhelm II decorated him with the Order of the Red Eagle. Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria ordered it printed on leaflets and distributed to every soldier in the army.Despite his obvious zeal, Lissauer ended by pleasing no one. He came to be criticised by the vigorous anti-Semitic movement of the day for expressing such \"fanatical hatred\", which they considered \"unreasonable\", \"utterly un-German\", and \"characteristic of nothing so much as the Jewish race\". Houston Stewart Chamberlain declared that the Teutonic German did not \"wallow in Old Testament hate.\" Over in England, Arthur Conan Doyle said in his book The German War: \"This sort of thing is, it must be admitted, very painful and odious. It fills us with a mixture of pity and disgust, and we feel as if \u2013 instead of a man \u2013 we were really fighting with a furious, screaming woman.\"Lissauer himself came to regret writing the Hassgesang, refusing to allow it to be printed in school text books. After the war he said that his poem was born out of the mood of the times, and that he did not really mean it to be taken seriously. In 1926 he said that rather than writing a hymn of hate against England it would have been better if he written a hymn of love for Germany.\nIn every sense an unfortunate man, Lissauer spared no pains to balance two traditions, one Jewish and the other German, at a time when history was forcing them apart. The Third Reich's advent forced him to flee his native land for Austria. In 1936, then living in Vienna, he wrote: \"To the Germans I am a Jew masked as a German; to the Jew a German faithless to Israel.\"", "Q86782": "Johann Gregor Memhardt or Memhard (1607 in Linz an der Donau \u2013 1678 in Berlin) was a master builder, architect and politician.", "Q64707": "Richard von Volkmann (17 August 1830 \u2013 28 November 1889) was a prominent German surgeon and author of poetry and fiction.", "Q438507": "Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy (pronounced [\u0251\u0303\u0281i da\u0281si], 10 June 1803 \u2013 3 January 1858) was a French engineer who made several important contributions to hydraulics including Darcy\u2019s law for flow in porous media.\n\n", "Q264751": "Nonso Anozie (born 17 November 1978) is a British actor who has worked on stage, film, and television. He is best known for his role as Tank in RocknRolla, Sergeant Dap in Ender's Game, Abraham Kenyatta in Zoo, Captain of the Guards in Cinderella and Xaro Xhoan Daxos in the HBO television series Game of Thrones.\n\n", "Q195710": "Krull is a 1983 British-American science fantasy swashbuckler film directed by Peter Yates and produced by Ron Silverman with a screenplay by Stanford Sherman. It follows a journey of Prince Colwyn and his group of outlaws on the planet Krull to save future queen Princess Lyssa from the Beast and his constantly teleporting Black Fortress. \nThe film began development in 1980, when Columbia Pictures president Frank Price gave Silverman the idea to produce a fantasy film. It was released in July 1983. \nYates's directing on Krull differed from his previous films that were more realistic; he took the \"challenge\" of directing a motion picture like Krull since he could rely only on his imagination instead of doing research, and screenplays that encouraged experimentation with modern special effects were rare in the early 1980s.\nThe film stars an ensemble cast: Ken Marshall as Prince Colwyn, Lysette Anthony as Princess Lyssa, Trevor Martin as the voice of the Beast, Freddie Jones as Ynyr, Bernard Bresslaw as Rell the Cyclops, David Battley as Ergo the Magnificent, Tony Church and Bernard Archard as kings and the fathers of Colwyn and Lyssa, Alun Armstrong as the leader of a group of bandits that include early screen roles for actors Liam Neeson and Robbie Coltrane, John Welsh as The Emerald Seer, Graham McGrath as Titch, and Francesca Annis as The Widow of the Web.\nKrull underwent a very expensive, harsh, and dangerous production process. The film's huge budget ballooned, mainly due to the designers having to make numerous alterations to the sets corresponding to the heavily evolving script. The movie was shot at several sound stages at Pinewood Studios. Actors such as Marshall, Bresslaw and Jones performed dangerous stunts during filming. \nThe film was a commercial failure upon release, and critical opinion has been mixed, both upon release and in retrospect. Numerous reviewers have highlighted its visual effects and soundtrack, while several critics have criticized its plot as being derivative and nonsensical. The film has gone on to achieve cult film status.", "Q1906": "Caserta (Italian: [ka\u02c8s\u025brta] or [ka\u02c8z\u025brta] (listen); Neapolitan: [ka\u02c8sert\u0259]) is the capital of the province of Caserta in the Campania region of Italy. It is an important agricultural, commercial and industrial comune and city. Caserta is located on the edge of the Campanian plain at the foot of the Campanian Subapennine mountain range. The city is best known for the Royal Palace of Caserta.", "Q899754": "Felix Trombe (1906 in Nogent, France \u2013 1985 in Ganties, France) was a French engineer.He is best known for his pioneering work in passive solar building design with the Trombe wall, which bears his name.\n\n", "Q235278": "Jacquelyn Ellen \"Jaclyn\" Smith (born October 26, 1945) is an American actress and businesswoman. She is best known for her role as Kelly Garrett in the television series Charlie's Angels (1976\u20131981), and was the only original female lead to remain with the series for its complete run. She reprised the role with cameo appearances in the films Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003) and Charlie's Angels (2019). Her other films include Nightkill (1980) and D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu (1985). Beginning in the 1980s, she began developing and marketing her own brands of clothing and perfume.\nSmith began her career in 1969 in television commercials. In 1976, she was cast in Charlie's Angels, alongside Kate Jackson and Farrah Fawcett (then billed as Farrah Fawcett-Majors). The show propelled all three to stardom, including an appearance on the front cover of Time magazine. She was nominated for the Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Miniseries or TV Film for the title role in the TV film Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy (1981), and went on to star in numerous TV films and miniseries over the next 20 years, including Rage of Angels (1983), George Washington (1984), Kaleidoscope (1990) and Nightmare in the Daylight (1992). She had a recurring role from 2002 to 2004 in the drama series The District and appeared as Olivia Hodges in two episodes of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation in 2012.", "Q340195": "The African Development Bank Group (AfDB) or Banque Africaine de D\u00e9veloppement (BAD) is a multilateral development finance institution. The AfDB was founded in 1964 and comprises three entities: The African Development Bank, the African Development Fund and the Nigeria Trust Fund. The AfDB's mission is to fight poverty and improve living conditions on the continent through promoting the investment of public and private capital in projects and programs that are likely to contribute to the economic and social development of the region. The AfDB is a financial provider to African governments and private companies investing in the regional member countries (RMC). While it was originally headquartered in Abidjan, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, the bank's headquarters moved to Tunis, Tunisia, in 2003, due to the Ivorian civil war; before returning in September 2014.\n\n", "Q87477": "Karl Spindler (October 16, 1796 \u2013 July 12, 1855) was a German novelist.", "Q120626": "Song of the Thin Man is a 1947 comedy-crime film directed by Edward Buzzell. The sixth and final film in the Thin Man series, it stars William Powell and Myrna Loy as Nick and Nora Charles, characters created by Dashiell Hammett. Nick Jr. is played by Dean Stockwell. Phillip Reed, Keenan Wynn, Gloria Grahame and Jayne Meadows are featured in this story set in the world of nightclub musicians.", "Q607968": "Antony Cyril Sutton (February 14, 1925 \u2013 June 17, 2002) was a British and American economist, historian, professor, and writer.\n\n", "Q366807": "Philip Anthony Campbell (born 7 May 1961) is a Welsh rock musician, best known as the lead guitarist in Mot\u00f6rhead from 1984 to 2015. The band disbanded upon the death of founder and frontman Lemmy. He currently tours with his own band Phil Campbell and the Bastard Sons, featuring his three sons; Todd, Dane and Tyla.", "Q168886": "Pow\u0105zki Cemetery (Polish pronunciation: [p\u0254\u02c8v\u0254\u0303sk\u02b2i]; Polish: Cmentarz Pow\u0105zkowski), also known as Stare Pow\u0105zki (English: Old Pow\u0105zki), is a historic necropolis located in Wola district, in the western part of Warsaw, Poland. It is the most famous cemetery in the city and one of the oldest, having been established in 1790. It is the burial place of many illustrious individuals from Polish history. Some are interred along the \"Avenue of the Distinguished\" - Aleja Zas\u0142u\u017conych, created in 1925. It is estimated that over 1 million people are buried at Pow\u0105zki.The cemetery is often confused with the newer Pow\u0105zki Military Cemetery, which is located to the north-west of Pow\u0105zki Cemetery.", "Q179753": "Bullets Don't Argue (Italian: Le pistole non discutono, also known as Guns Don't Talk and Pistols Don't Argue) is a 1964 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by Mario Caiano. The film was produced by Jolly Film back to back with Sergio Leone's A Fistful of Dollars, but with a more expensive budget and in anticipation of a greater success than the Leone's film, especially because at the time Rod Cameron was better known than Clint Eastwood.", "Q2069573": "Anne E. Wojcicki ( woo-CHITS-kee; born July 28, 1973) is an American entrepreneur and the co-founder and CEO of the personal genomics company 23andMe.", "Q1070572": "Sabur\u014d Kitajima (\u5317\u5cf6 \u4e09\u90ce, Kitajima Sabur\u014d, born October 4, 1936) is a well-known Japanese enka singer, lyricist and composer.", "Q80318": "Ken Park is a 2002 erotic drama teensploitation written by Harmony Korine, who based it on Larry Clark's journals and stories. The film was directed and shot by Clark and Edward Lachman. The film is an international co-production of the United States, the Netherlands, and France. The film revolves around the abusive and dysfunctional home lives of several teenagers, set in the city of Visalia, California.", "Q159483": "Ravensbr\u00fcck (pronounced [\u0281a\u02d0v\u0259ns\u02c8b\u0281\u028fk]) was a German concentration camp exclusively for women from 1939 to 1945, located in northern Germany, 90 km (56 mi) north of Berlin at a site near the village of Ravensbr\u00fcck (part of F\u00fcrstenberg/Havel). The camp memorial\u2019s estimated figure of 132,000 women who were in the camp during the war includes about 48,500 from Poland, 28,000 from the Soviet Union, almost 24,000 from Germany and Austria, nearly 8,000 from France, and thousands from other countries including a few from the United Kingdom and the United States. More than 20,000 of the total were Jewish. More than 80 percent were political prisoners. Many slave labor prisoners were employed by Siemens & Halske. From 1942 to 1945, medical experiments to test the effectiveness of sulfonamides were undertaken.\nIn the spring of 1941, the SS established a small adjacent camp for male inmates, who built and managed the camp's gas chambers in 1944. Of some 130,000 female prisoners who passed through the Ravensbr\u00fcck camp, about 50,000 of them perished, some 2,200 were killed in the gas chambers.", "Q107299": "The Kingdom of Northumbria (; Old English: Nor\u00feanhymbra R\u012b\u010be; Latin: Regnum Northanhymbrorum) was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and south-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Nor\u00fean-hymbre meaning \"the people or province north of the Humber\", which reflects the approximate southern limit to the kingdom's territory, the Humber Estuary. Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century, when the two earlier core territories of Deira and Bernicia entered into a dynastic union. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber, Peak District and the River Mersey on the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) on the north. Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century, though a rump Earldom of Bamburgh survived around Bernicia in the north, later to be absorbed into the medieval kingdoms of Scotland and England.\nToday, Northumbria usually refers to a smaller region corresponding to the counties of Northumberland, County Durham and Tyne and Wear in North East England. The term is used in the names of some North East regional institutions, particularly the Northumbria Police (which covers Northumberland and Tyne and Wear), Northumbria University (based in Newcastle upon Tyne), the Northumbria Army Cadet Force, and the regionalist Northumbrian Association. The local Environment Agency office, located in Newcastle Business Park, also uses the term Northumbria to describe its area. However, the term is not the official name for the UK and EU region of North East England.", "Q456235": "Luis Lorenzo Dom\u00ednguez (1819\u20131898) was an Argentine politician, poet, historian, journalist and diplomat.\nIn addition, he was the Minister for Economic Affairs for Argentina and served as an ambassador for Argentina to the United States and the United Kingdom and Spain.He was born in Buenos Aires in March 1819 and died in London, in 1898. He functioned as the finance minister during the presidency of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. He was nephew of Miguel Can\u00e9 Andrade and cousin in first degree of Miguel Can\u00e9 Casares.\n\n", "Q126257": "I, Monster is a 1971 British horror film directed by Stephen Weeks (his feature debut) for Amicus Productions. It is an adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, with the main characters' names changed to Dr. Charles Marlowe and Mr. Edward Blake.", "Q406402": "The University of Mumbai, informally known as Mumbai University (MU) (formally known as University of Bombay) is a collegiate public state university located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It offers bachelors, masters and Doctoral courses, as well as diplomas and certificates in many disciplines like the Arts, Commerce, Science, Medical and Engineering. The language of instruction for most courses is English. \nThe University of Mumbai was established in 1857. The university has two campuses across Mumbai (Kalina Campus and Fort Campus) and two outside Mumbai, one of them being Thane Sub Campus. The Fort campus carries out administrative work only. Several institutes in Mumbai previously affiliated to the university are now autonomous institutes or universities. \nThe University of Mumbai is one of the largest universities in the world. The university in 2013 had 711 affiliated colleges. Ratan Tata is the appointed head of Mumbai University's advisory council.\n\n", "Q20709246": "Henry Moxley (1809 \u2013 December 12, 1878) was an African-American businessman, religious leader and activist in Buffalo, New York. He is known for his work to promote school integration and the education of African-American children.", "Q245774": "Col. John Stevens, III (June 26, 1749 \u2013 March 6, 1838) was an American lawyer, engineer, and inventor who constructed the first U.S. steam locomotive, first steam-powered ferry, and first U.S. commercial ferry service from his estate in Hoboken. He was influential in the creation of U.S. patent law.", "Q86769": "Leonard Thurneysser (22 July 1531 \u2013 1595 or 1596; also known as Leonard Thurneisser zum Thurn) was a scholar and miracle doctor at the court of Elector John George of Brandenburg.", "Q317026": "Thomas John Mitchell (July 11, 1892 \u2013 December 17, 1962) was an American actor. Among his most famous roles in a long career are those of Gerald O'Hara in Gone with the Wind, Doc Boone in Stagecoach, Uncle Billy in It's a Wonderful Life and Mayor Jonas Henderson in High Noon. Mitchell was the first male actor to win an Oscar, an Emmy, and a Tony Award.\nMitchell was nominated for two Academy Awards, for Best Supporting Actor for his work in the films, The Hurricane (1938), and Stagecoach (1939). He won the award for his role in Stagecoach. He was nominated three times for the Primetime Emmy Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series in 1952 and 1953, for his role in the medical drama The Doctor, and won in 1953. While he was nominated again in 1955, for an appearance on a weekly anthology series, he did not win. Mitchell won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical, in 1953, for his role as Dr Downer in the musical comedy Hazel Flagg, based on the 1937 Paramount comedy film Nothing Sacred, rounding out the Triple Crown of Acting. In addition to being an actor, he was also a director, playwright, and screenwriter.", "Q1735": "Innsbruck (German: [\u02c8\u026ansb\u0281\u028ak]; Bavarian: [\u02c8\u026an\u0283pr\u028ak]) is the capital city of Tyrol and the fifth-largest city in Austria. It is in the Inn valley, at its junction with the Wipp valley, which provides access to the Brenner Pass some 30 km (18.6 mi) to the south.\nLocated in the broad valley between high mountains, the so-called North Chain in the Karwendel Alps (Hafelekarspitze, 2,334 metres or 7,657 feet) to the north, and the Patscherkofel (2,246 m or 7,369 ft) and Serles (2,718 m or 8,917 ft) to the south. Innsbruck is an internationally renowned winter sports centre; it hosted the 1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics as well as the 1984 and 1988 Winter Paralympics. Innsbruck also hosted the first Winter Youth Olympics in 2012. The name translates as 'Bridge over the River Inn'.", "Q71487": "Wilson Gonzalez Ochsenknecht (born 18 March 1990) is a German actor. He has appeared in more than twenty films since 1999. His father, Uwe Ochsenknecht, is also an actor. He has a younger brother, Jimi Blue Ochsenknecht.", "Q1621200": "Tsarskoye Selo (Russian: \u0426\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0421\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0301, IPA: [\u02c8tsarsk\u0259\u026a s\u02b2\u026a\u02c8lo] (listen), \"Tsar's Village\") was the town containing a former Russian residence of the imperial family and visiting nobility, located 24 kilometers (15 mi) south from the center of Saint Petersburg. The residence now forms part of the town of Pushkin. Tsarskoye Selo forms one of the World Heritage site Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments.\nThe town bore the name Tsarskoe Selo until 1918, Detskoe Selo (Russian: \u0414\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0421\u0435\u043b\u043e, lit. 'Children's Village', 1918-1937), then Pushkin (Russian: \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d, 1937 onwards).", "Q934987": "Laurel is a city in and the second county seat of Jones County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 18,540. It is located northeast of Ellisville, the first county seat, which contains the first county courthouse. Laurel has the second county courthouse as there are two judicial districts in Jones County. Laurel is the headquarters of the Jones County Sheriff's Department, which administers in the county.\nLaurel is the principal city of a micropolitan statistical area named for it. Major employers include Howard Industries, Sanderson Farms, Masonite International, Family Health Center, Howse Implement, Thermo-Kool, and South Central Regional Medical Center. Laurel is home to the Lauren Rogers Museum of Art, Mississippi's oldest art museum, established by the family of Lauren Eastman Rogers.", "Q18431": "Orchestra Rehearsal (Italian: Prova d'orchestra) is a 1978 Italian satirical film directed by Federico Fellini. It follows an Italian orchestra as the members go on strike against the conductor. The film was shown out of competition at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival.The picture has been interpreted as a metaphor for Italian politics, with the orchestra quarreling instead of working together. Considered by some to be underrated, Orchestra Rehearsal was the last collaboration between composer Nino Rota and Fellini, due to Rota's death in 1979.", "Q181956": "Rudolf Wilhelm Walther Gro\u00dfmann, or Grossmann (25 January 1882, Freiburg im Breisgau - 28 November 1941, Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German painter and graphic artist. He is particularly well known for his portrait drawings of famous contemporary figures.", "Q49118": "Boston College (BC) is a private Jesuit research university in Boston and Newton, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1863 and although it is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity\" its name reflects its historical position as a small liberal arts college. The university has more than 9,300 full-time undergraduates and nearly 5,000 graduate students. It has historical ties to Boston College High School in Dorchester, as both the high school and the college were once on one campus in the South End of Boston. Its main campus is a historic district and features some of the earliest examples of collegiate gothic architecture in North America.\nBoston College offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees through its nine schools and colleges: Morrissey College of Arts & Sciences, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, Carroll School of Management, Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Connell School of Nursing, Graduate School of Social Work, Boston College Law School, Boston College School of Theology and Ministry, Woods College of Advancing Studies.\nBoston College athletic teams are known as the Eagles, their colors are maroon and gold, and mascot is Baldwin the Eagle. The Eagles compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference in all sports offered by the ACC. The men's and women's ice hockey teams compete in Hockey East. Boston College's men's ice hockey team has won five national championships.As of January 2020, alumni and affiliates of the university include governors, ambassadors, senators, House representatives, Hollywood actors, and professional athletes. Boston College has graduated several Rhodes, Fulbright, and Goldwater scholars. Other notable alumni include a Speaker of the House, executives and CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, and a Secretary of State.", "Q51757": "The Banquet (Chinese: \u591c\u5bb4), released on DVD in the United States as Legend of the Black Scorpion, is a 2006 Chinese wuxia drama film. The film was directed by Feng Xiaogang and stars Zhang Ziyi, Ge You, Daniel Wu and Zhou Xun. It is a loose adaption of William Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet and Henrik Ibsen's play Ghosts, featuring themes of revenge and fate. It is set in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in 10th century China.", "Q1321785": "Phoenix (\u706b\u306e\u9ce5, Hi no Tori, \"bird of fire\") is an unfinished manga series by Osamu Tezuka. Tezuka considered Phoenix his \"life's work\"; it consists of 12 books, each of which tells a separate, self-contained story and takes place in a different era. The plots go back and forth from the remote future to prehistoric times. The story was never completed, having been cut short by Tezuka's death in 1989. Several of the stories have been adapted into anime series and OVAs, and even a live-action movie. As of 2007, the entire manga series is available in English-language translations.\n\n", "Q737101": "Sverri Patursson (1871\u20131960) was a Faroese writer, author, and journalist. He was also a translator, ornithologist and environmentalist.\nPatursson was born in the village of Kirkjub\u00f8ur on Streymoy, Faroe Islands. He attended Vallekilde Folk High School in Zealand in Denmark. Patursson worked as a journalist and his articles frequently featured Faroese wildlife with birds a principal focusr. He was devoted to make the Faroe Islands known, and his actions included writing tourist articles as a freelance journalist for the Scandinavian press. Patursson was also a translator and literary writer, and an early author who wrote in Faroese.", "Q200228": "Alfred Hawthorne \"Benny\" Hill (21 January 1924 \u2013 20 April 1992) was an English comedian and actor, best remembered for his television programme The Benny Hill Show, an amalgam of slapstick, burlesque and double entendre in a format that included live comedy and filmed segments with Hill at the focus of almost every segment.\nHill was a prominent figure in British culture for nearly four decades. His show proved to be one of the great success stories of television comedy and was among the most-watched programmes in the UK with the audience peaking at more than 21 million in 1971. The Benny Hill Show was also exported to 97 countries around the world.", "Q904844": "Tam\u00e1s De\u00e1k (born 27 April 1928) is a Hungarian composer and conductor who composed and conducted Cat City, and V\u00edzis\u00ed (\"Water Ski\"), which was later used as the opening credits tune on the Russian animated series Nu, pogodi!.", "Q333190": "Vincent Andrew Schiavelli (November 11, 1948 \u2013 December 26, 2005) was an American character actor and food writer noted for his work on stage, screen and television. Described as an \"instantly recognizable sad-faced actor\", Schiavelli was diagnosed with Marfan syndrome in childhood.Schiavelli gained fame as a character actor, mainly in supporting roles. His best-known roles include Fredrickson in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), Mr. Vargas in Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982), the Subway Ghost in Ghost (1990), Organ Grinder in Batman Returns (1992), Chester in The People vs Larry Flynt (1996), Dr. Kaufman in Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) and ABC executive Maynard Smith in Man on the Moon (1999).\nBefore his death in 2005, Vincent Schiavelli was considered by many as one of Hollywood's best character actors. Roger Ebert stated \"Schiavelli had a way of slipping into films without people knowing his name, but they remembered his great performances as unique characters.\"", "Q104790": "Alfred Mombert (6 February 1872, in Karlsruhe \u2013 8 April 1942, in Winterthur) was a German poet.", "Q343477": "Peter Verhelst (born 28 January 1962) is a Belgian Flemish novelist, poet and dramatist. He won the Ferdinand Bordewijk Prijs for Tongkat. His latest novel is a political thriller, Zwerm.", "Q225": "Bosnia and Herzegovina, abbreviated BiH or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia\u2013Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country in South and Southeast Europe, located within the Balkans. Sarajevo is the capital and largest city.\nBosnia and Herzegovina is not entirely a landlocked country as it may depict on a map \u2013 to the south it has a narrow coast on the Adriatic Sea, which is about 20 kilometres (12 miles) long and surrounds the town of Neum. It is bordered by Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia surrounding north and southwest. In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous, in the northwest moderately hilly, and the northeast predominantly flatland. The inland, Bosnia, is a geographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate, with hot summers and cold and snowy winters. The southern tip, Herzegovina, has a Mediterranean climate and mostly mountainous topography.\nBosnia and Herzegovina traces its permanent human settlement back to the Neolithic age, during and after which it was populated by several Illyrian and Celtic civilizations. Culturally, politically, and socially, the country has a rich but complex history, having been first settled by the Slavic peoples that populate the area today from the 6th through to the 9th centuries. In the 12th century the Banate of Bosnia was established, which evolved into the Kingdom of Bosnia in the 14th century, after which it was annexed into the Ottoman Empire, under whose rule it remained from the mid-15th to the late 19th centuries. The Ottomans brought Islam to the region, and altered much of the cultural and social outlook of the country. This was followed by annexation into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which lasted up until World War I. In the interwar period, Bosnia and Herzegovina was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and after World War II, it was granted full republic status in the newly formed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the republic proclaimed independence in 1992, which was followed by the Bosnian War, lasting until late 1995 with the Dayton Agreement.\nTourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina has grown at double digit rates in recent years. Bosnia and Herzegovina is regionally and internationally renowned for its natural environment and cultural heritage inherited from six historical civilizations, its cuisine, winter sports, its eclectic and unique music, architecture, and its festivals, some of which are the largest and most prominent of their kind in Southeastern Europe.The country is home to three main ethnic groups or, officially, constituent peoples, as specified in the constitution. Bosniaks are the largest group of the three, with Serbs second, and Croats third. A native of Bosnia and Herzegovina, regardless of ethnicity, is usually identified in English as a Bosnian. Minorities, defined under the constitutional nomenclature \"Others\", include Jews, Roma, Poles, Ukrainians, and Turks. Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature and a three-member Presidency composed of a member of each major ethnic group. However, the central government's power is highly limited, as the country is largely decentralized and comprises two autonomous entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, with a third unit, the Br\u010dko District, governed under local government. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of 10 cantons.\nBosnia and Herzegovina ranks highly in terms of human development, and has an economy dominated by the industry and agriculture sectors, followed by the tourism and service sectors. The country has a social security and universal healthcare system, and primary- and secondary-level education is tuition-free. It is a member of the UN, OSCE, Council of Europe, PfP, CEFTA, and a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean upon its establishment in July 2008. The country is an applicant for membership to the European Union and has been a candidate for NATO membership since April 2010, when it received a Membership Action Plan.", "Q47135": "Ch\u00e2lons-en-Champagne (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0283\u0251l\u0254\u0303 \u0251\u0303 \u0283\u0251\u0303pa\u0272]) is a city in the Grand Est region of France. It is the capital of the department of Marne, despite being only a quarter the size of the city of Reims.\nFormerly called Ch\u00e2lons-sur-Marne, the city was officially renamed in 1998. It should not be confused with the Burgundian town of Chalon-sur-Sa\u00f4ne.\n\n", "Q206659": "Brendan Gleeson (born 29 March 1955) is an Irish actor and film director. He is the recipient of three IFTA Awards, two BIFA Awards, and an Emmy Award and has been nominated twice for a BAFTA Award and twice for a Golden Globe Award.\nHe is best known for his performance as Alastor Moody in the Harry Potter films from (2004\u20132010), and for his supporting roles in films such as Braveheart (1995), Michael Collins (1996), Gangs of New York (2002), Cold Mountain (2003), Troy (2004), Suffragette (2015), Paddington 2 (2018), and The Ballad of Buster Scruggs (2018), as well as leading roles in films such as In Bruges (2008), The Guard (2011), The Grand Seduction (2013), and Calvary (2014). He has starred as detective Bill Hodges in the television adaptation of Stephen King's Mr. Mercedes.\nHe won an Emmy Award in 2009 for his portrayal of Winston Churchill in the television film Into the Storm.\nHe is the father of actors Domhnall Gleeson and Brian Gleeson.", "Q172606": "Mike Harris (born 25 May 1939 in Mufulira, Northern Rhodesia) is a South African former racing driver. His single World Championship Formula One grand prix was the 1962 South African Grand Prix, where he retired his Cooper-Alfa Romeo with engine failure before half-distance.", "Q211325": "Yuri Sergeyevich Kasparov (born 8 June 1955, in Moscow, Russian: \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u2014his name is variously transliterated) is a Russian composer, music teacher and a professor at the Moscow Conservatory where he had studied for his doctorate under Edison Denisov. Under the patronage of Denisov, he founded the Moscow Contemporary Music Ensemble in 1990 and is its Artistic Director. He is the chairman of the Russian section of the International Society for Contemporary Music.", "Q6154311": "Janice \"Jan\" Murray (born 26 October 1966 in Birkenhead, England) is a former English international football player. She played as a left winger for clubs including Leasowe Pacific, Doncaster Belles and Liverpool Ladies. Murray won around thirty caps for the senior England women's national football team.", "Q93364": "Oskar Potiorek (20 November 1853 \u2013 17 December 1933) was an officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army, who served as Governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1911 to 1914. He was a passenger in the car carrying Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Duchess Sophie of Hohenberg when they were assassinated in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. In the following World War I, Potiorek commanded the Austro-Hungarian forces in the Serbian Campaign of 1914/15.", "Q4986244": "Bugs Bunny's Looney Christmas Tales is a 1979 animated Christmas television special featuring Bugs Bunny and other Looney Tunes characters in three newly created cartoon shorts with seasonal themes. It premiered on CBS on November 27, 1979.\n\n", "Q709789": "Lee Patrick Strobel (born January 25, 1952) is an American Christian author and a former investigative journalist. He has written several books, including four which received ECPA Christian Book Awards (1994, 1999, 2001, 2005) and a series which addresses challenges to the veracity of Christianity. He also hosted a television program called Faith Under Fire on PAX TV and runs a video apologetics web site. Strobel has been interviewed on numerous national television programs, including ABC's 20/20, Fox News, and CNN.", "Q84618": "Anton von Prokesch-Osten, German: Anton Graf Prokesch von Osten (10 December 1795, Graz \u2013 26 October 1876, Vienna) was an Austrian diplomat, statesman and general.", "Q67583": "Aaron David Bernstein (6 April 1812, Danzig \u2013 12 February 1884, Berlin) was a German Jewish author, reformer and scientist.", "Q57440": "Charles (German: Karl Friedrich Alexander; 6 March 1823 \u2013 6 October 1891) was King of W\u00fcrttemberg, from 25 June 1864 until his death in 1891.", "Q210985": "Chelmsford () is an English city and the main area of the City of Chelmsford district, and the county town of Essex, in the East of England. It is located in the London commuter belt, approximately 30 miles (48 km) northeast of the notional centre of London at Charing Cross and approximately 22 miles (35 km) from Colchester. The urban area of the city has a population of approximately 112,000, whilst the district has a population of 168,310.The main conurbation of Chelmsford incorporates all or part of the former parishes of Broomfield, Great Baddow, Galleywood, Writtle, Moulsham, Widford, and Springfield, including Springfield Barnes, now known as Chelmer Village. The communities of Chelmsford, Massachusetts, Chelmsford, Ontario and Chelmsford, New Brunswick, are named after the city. Chelmsford's population consists of a large number of City and Docklands commuters, attracted by the 30\u201335-minute journey into Central London via the Great Eastern Main Line railway. The same journey takes approximately 60 minutes by road via the A12.\nOn 14 March 2012, Lord President of the Privy Council and Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg announced that Chelmsford was to be granted city status to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II. The Letters Patent officially granting city status to Chelmsford were received on 6 June 2012. The demonym for a Chelmsford resident is \"Chelmsfordian\".\n\n", "Q849950": "Scottish Church College is a premier institute for pursuing undergraduate and postgraduate studies and is the oldest continuously running Christian liberal arts and sciences college in the country. It has been rated (A) by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council, an autonomous organization that evaluates academic institutions in India. It is affiliated with the University of Calcutta for degree courses for graduates and postgraduates. It is a selective coeducational institution, known for its high academic standards. Students and alumni call themselves \"Caledonians\" in the name of the college festival, \"Caledonia\".\n\n", "Q68868": "David Hollatz (Wulkow, near Stargard (34 km ESE of Stettin), in Pomerania, 1648 - Jakobshagen (24 km E of Stargard) 17 April 1713) was a German Lutheran theologian. He studied at Erfurt and Wittenberg, and became preacher at P\u00fctzerlin near Stargard in 1670, at Stargard in 1681 (in 1683 also conrector), rector in Colberg in 1684, and pastor in Jakobshagen in 1692.", "Q443638": "Wendy Kilbourne Read (born June 29, 1964 in Los Angeles, California) is an American attorney and former television actress.", "Q570580": "Antonio Franconi (1737 in Venice, Italy - 1836 in Paris, France) was an Italian equestrian.\nHe started as a juggler and wandering physician, then arranged bullfights in Lyon and Bordeaux. In 1783, he associated with the English horse rider Philip Astley who had opened a riding school in Paris and founded an equestrian theater named Cirque Olympique (French, Olympic circus), which acquired an impressive reputation.\nHis sons and grandsons continued to attract the public with the talent of their squired and the perfection of their showmanship in their fantasy and military plays. The last famous squire bearing this name was Laurent Franconi who died in 1849.\nNapoleon once remarked acidly to his marshal Joachim Murat, who was gayly attired in an extravagant Polish uniform after the Battle of Heilsberg in 1807, that he looked like Franconi (\"Vous avez l'air de Franconi\").", "Q540443": "Harry Golombek OBE (1 March 1911 \u2013 7 January 1995) was a British chess player, chess author, and wartime codebreaker. He was three times British chess champion, in 1947, 1949, and 1955 and finished second in 1948.\nHe was born in Lambeth to Polish-Jewish parents. He was the chess correspondent of the newspaper The Times from 1945 to 1985, after Stuart Milner-Barry. He was an official of the FIDE, and served as arbiter for several important events, including the Candidates' Tournament of 1959 in Yugoslavia, and the 1963 World Chess Championship match between Mikhail Botvinnik and Tigran Petrosian. He also edited the game collections of Jos\u00e9 Ra\u00fal Capablanca's and R\u00e9ti, and was a respected author. He was editor of British Chess Magazine from 1938 to 1940, and its overseas editor in the 1960s and 1970s. Golombek also translated several chess books from Russian into English.\nOn the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, Golombek was in Buenos Aires, Argentina, competing in the Chess Olympiad for Britain alongside C. H. O'D. Alexander and Stuart Milner-Barry. They immediately returned to the UK, and were soon recruited into Bletchley Park, the wartime codebreaking centre. Golombek worked in Hut 8, the section responsible for solving German Naval Enigma, moving to another section in October/November 1942. After the war he lived at 35 Albion Crescent, Chalfont St Giles. He was unusual among public figures in replying with care to letters from unknown people, such as young schoolboys, from this address.\nGolombek represented England nine times in the Chess Olympiad. He earned the title of International Master in 1950 and was awarded that of Honorary Grandmaster in 1985. He was the first British player to qualify for an Interzonal tournament.\nGolombek studied philology at King's College London, having been a pupil at Wilson's Grammar School, Camberwell. He was appointed OBE in 1966, the first to be so honoured for services to chess.", "Q164702": "2046 is a 2004 Hong Kong romantic drama film written and directed by Wong Kar-wai. It is a loose sequel to Wong's films Days of Being Wild (1990) and In the Mood for Love (2000). It follows the aftermath of Chow Mo-wan's unconsummated affair with Su Li-zhen in 1960s Hong Kong but also includes some science fiction elements and makes frequent references to the date of December 24 or Christmas Eve, on which many significant events in the film occur.", "Q256708": "Reba Sabrina Hinojosa (born September 16, 1984), better known by her stage name Sabrina Bryan, is an American singer, actress, author, songwriter, fashion designer, choreographer, dancer, and television personality best known as a member of the girl group The Cheetah Girls, and for starring in the Disney Channel Original Movie of the same name and its sequels, The Cheetah Girls 2 and The Cheetah Girls: One World. Before she appeared on television, Bryan was a dancer, and trained at Hart Academy of Dance, located in La Habra, California.", "Q317740": "Jesse Eden Metcalfe (born December 9, 1978) is an American actor and musician. Metcalfe is known for his portrayal of John Rowland on Desperate Housewives. Metcalfe has also had notable roles on Passions and played the title role in John Tucker Must Die. He starred as Christopher Ewing in the TNT continuation of Dallas, based on the 1978 series of the same name. Since 2016, Jesse stars as Trace Riley in Hallmark Channel's hit series Chesapeake Shores.", "Q65394": "Herta D\u00e4ubler-Gmelin (German: [\u02c8h\u025b\u0281ta \u02c8d\u0254\u028fbl\u0250\u02c8\u0261me\u02d0li\u02d0n]; born 12 August 1943) is a German lawyer, academic and politician of the Social Democratic Party. She served as Federal Minister of Justice from 1998 to 2002, and as a Member of the Bundestag from 1972 to 2009. She currently teaches as an honorary professor of political science at the Free University of Berlin, particularly on international relations and human rights, and was the Hemmerle Professor at RWTH Aachen University in 2011. She is married to the legal scholar Wolfgang D\u00e4ubler.\n\n", "Q203047": "Richard Dean Anderson (born January 23, 1950) is an American actor and producer. He began his television career in 1976, playing Jeff Webber in the American soap-opera series General Hospital, then rose to prominence as the lead actor in the television series MacGyver (1985\u20131992). He later appeared in films such as Through the Eyes of a Killer (1992), Pandora's Clock (1996), and Firehouse (1997).\nIn 1997, Anderson returned to television as the lead actor of the series Stargate SG-1, a spin-off of the 1994 film Stargate. He played the lead from 1997 to 2005 and had a recurring role from 2005 to 2007. Since 1997, he has starred in only one film: Stargate: Continuum, released in 2008, as a spin-off film after the Stargate SG-1 series finale in 2007. He appeared in the follow-up Stargate series Stargate: Atlantis and Stargate: Universe (reprising his role from SG-1 as Major General and later Lieutenant General Jack O'Neill).", "Q75187": "Denis Moschitto (born 22 June 1977) is a German actor best known for his roles in Kebab Connection (2004), Chiko (2009) and In the Fade (2017).", "Q117934": "The Tour (Serbian: Turneja, \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0458\u0430) is a 2008 Serbian film directed by Goran Markovi\u0107. It was Serbia's official submission for the 2009 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.", "Q110083": "Nina Ruge (born 24 August 1956 in Munich, Germany) is a German journalist, TV presenter and author.\n\n", "Q54149": "Malden is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. At the time of the 2010 United States Census, the population was at 59,450 people. In 2009, Malden was named the \"Best Place to Raise Your Kids\" in Massachusetts by Bloomberg Businessweek.", "Q744689": "Louis Wade Sullivan (born November 3, 1933) is an active health policy leader, minority health advocate, author, physician, and educator. He served as the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services during President George H. W. Bush's Administration and was Founding Dean of the Morehouse School of Medicine.", "Q272866": "Toni Rothmund (2 October 1877, Barlt (Schleswig-Holstein)- 22 August 1956) was a German writer and journalist. \nShe wrote biographies, novels and tales.", "Q53626": "Baron Gerhard Louis De Geer of Finsp\u00e5ng (usually known as Louis De Geer; 27 November 1854 \u2013 25 February 1935) was a Swedish politician, who served in the first chamber of the Riksdag 1901-14, was governor of Kristianstad County 1905-23, and Prime Minister of Sweden for 121 days in 1920-1921.", "Q100290": "Otmar Bernhard (born October 6, 1946 in Munich) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He is a member of the Bavarian Landtag. From 2005 to 2007 he was Secretary of Health and from 2007 to 2008 was Bavarian State Minister for the Environment.", "Q385236": "Sh\u016bmei \u014ckawa (\u5927\u5ddd \u5468\u660e, \u014ckawa Sh\u016bmei, December 6, 1886 \u2013 December 24, 1957) was a Japanese nationalist, Pan-Asian writer and indicted war criminal. In the prewar period, he was known for his publications on Japanese history, philosophy of religion, Indian philosophy, and colonialism. He is frequently called a \"right-wing\" writer, although he described himself as anti-capitalist and rejected the label \"right-wing\".", "Q351701": "Daniel Goleman (born March 7, 1946) is an author and science journalist. For twelve years, he wrote for The New York Times, reporting on the brain and behavioral sciences. His 1995 book Emotional Intelligence was on The New York Times Best Seller list for a year-and-a-half, a best-seller in many countries, and is in print worldwide in 40 languages. Apart from his books on emotional intelligence, Goleman has written books on topics including self-deception, creativity, transparency, meditation, social and emotional learning, ecoliteracy and the ecological crisis, and the Dalai Lama\u2019s vision for the future.", "Q554422": "Eric Garth Hudson (born August 2, 1937) is a Canadian multi-instrumentalist. As the organist, keyboardist and saxophonist for Canadian-American rock group the Band, he was a principal architect of the group's sound. Hudson has been called \"the most brilliant organist in the rock world\" by Keyboard magazine. As of 2020, Hudson and Robbie Robertson are the only original members of The Band who are still alive.A master of the Lowrey organ, Hudson's other primary instruments are piano, electronic keyboards, saxophone (alto, tenor, soprano, baritone, bass), and accordion. He has been a much-in-demand and respected session musician, performing with dozens of artists, including Elton John, who has cited him as an early influence.", "Q842811": "A dietitian (or dietician) is an expert in dietetics; that is, human nutrition and the regulation of diet. A dietitian alters their patient's nutrition based upon their medical condition and individual needs. Dietitians are regulated healthcare professionals licensed to assess, diagnose, and treat nutritional problems.A registered dietitian (RD) or registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) is a dietitian who meets all of a set of special academic and professional requirements, including the completion of a bachelor's degree with an accredited nutrition curriculum, an internship at an approved health-care facility, foodservice organization, or community agency, and satisfactory performance on a registration exam.\nRoughly half of all RDNs hold graduate degrees and many have certifications in specialized fields such as nutrition support, sports, pediatrics, renal, oncological, food-allergy, or gerontological nutrition. After learning about a patient's health history, favorite foods, eating and exercise habits, the RD helps the person to set goals and to prioritize. Follow-up visits often focus on maintenance and monitoring progress.\nMost RDs work in the treatment and prevention of disease (administering medical nutrition therapy, as part of medical teams), often in hospitals, health-maintenance organizations, private practices, or other health-care facilities. In addition, many registered dietitians work in community and public-health settings, and/or in academia and research. A growing number of dietitians work in the food industry, journalism, sports nutrition, corporate wellness programs, and other non-traditional dietetics settings.\n\n", "Q318467": "Abel Ricardo Laudonio (30 August 1938 \u2013 12 August 2014) was an Argentinian lightweight boxer. As an amateur he competed in the 1956 and 1960 Olympics and won a bronze medal in the lightweight division in 1960. In 1961 he turned professional and in 1965 challenged Nicolino Locche for the South American lightweight title, but lost by decision. Laudonio retired the same year with a record of 48 wins (37 by knockout), 6 losses, and 2 draws. He later ran a fitness center in Buenos Aires.", "Q1047": "Jawaharlal Nehru (; Hindi: [\u02c8d\u0292\u0259\u028ba\u02d0\u0266\u0259r\u02c8la\u02d0l \u02c8ne\u02d0\u0266ru] (listen); 14 November 1889 \u2013 27 May 1964) was an Indian independence activist, and subsequently, the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He emerged as an eminent leader of the Indian independence movement and served India as Prime Minister from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964. He has been described by the Amar Chitra Katha as the architect of India. He was also known as Pandit Nehru due to his roots with the Kashmiri Pandit community while Indian children knew him as Chacha Nehru (Hindi, lit., \"Uncle Nehru\").The son of Motilal Nehru, a prominent lawyer and nationalist statesman and Swaroop Rani, Nehru was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge and the Inner Temple, where he trained to be a barrister. Upon his return to India, he enrolled at the Allahabad High Court and took an interest in national politics, which eventually replaced his legal practice. A committed nationalist since his teenage years, he became a rising figure in Indian politics during the upheavals of the 1910s. He became the prominent leader of the left-wing factions of the Indian National Congress during the 1920s, and eventually of the entire Congress, with the tacit approval of his mentor, Gandhi. As Congress President in 1929, Nehru called for complete independence from the British Raj and instigated the Congress's decisive shift towards the left.\nNehru and the Congress dominated Indian politics during the 1930s as the country moved towards independence. His idea of a secular nation-state was seemingly validated when the Congress swept the 1937 provincial elections and formed the government in several provinces; on the other hand, the separatist Muslim League fared much poorer. But these achievements were severely compromised in the aftermath of the Quit India Movement in 1942, which saw the British effectively crush the Congress as a political organisation. Nehru, who had reluctantly heeded Gandhi's call for immediate independence, for he had desired to support the Allied war effort during World War II, came out of a lengthy prison term to a much altered political landscape. The Muslim League under his old Congress colleague and now opponent, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, had come to dominate Muslim politics in India. Negotiations between Congress and Muslim League for power sharing failed and gave way to the independence and bloody partition of India in 1947.\nNehru was elected by the Congress to assume office as independent India's first Prime Minister, although the question of leadership had been settled as far back as 1941, when Gandhi acknowledged Nehru as his political heir and successor. As Prime Minister, he set out to realise his vision of India. The Constitution of India was enacted in 1950, after which he embarked on an ambitious program of economic, social and political reforms. Chiefly, he oversaw India's transition from a colony to a republic, while nurturing a plural, multi-party system. In foreign policy, he took a leading role in the Non-Aligned Movement while projecting India as a regional hegemon in South Asia.\nUnder Nehru's leadership, the Congress emerged as a catch-all party, dominating national and state-level politics and winning consecutive elections in 1951, 1957, and 1962. He remained popular with the people of India in spite of political troubles in his final years and failure of leadership during the 1962 Sino-Indian War. In India, his birthday is celebrated as Bal Diwas (Children's Day).", "Q75193": "Renate Sommer (born 10 September 1958) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1999 until 2019. She is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.", "Q678616": "Chim Pui-chung (born 1946 in Chaozhou, Guangdong, China) was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (Legco), representing the Financial Services Functional Constituency. He is director of several companies.", "Q7436": "Gatchina (Russian: \u0413\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430, Russian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261at\u0361\u0255\u02d0\u026an\u0259]) is a town and the administrative center of Gatchinsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It lies 45 kilometers (28 mi) south of St. Petersburg, along the E95 highway leading to Pskov. Population: 92,937\u2009(2010 Census); 88,420\u2009(2002 Census); 79,714\u2009(1989 Census).It was previously known as Khotchino, Gatchina (until February 14, 1923), Trotsk (until August 2, 1929), and Krasnogvardeysk (until January 28, 1944).Gatchina, the largest town in Leningrad Oblast, is best known as the location of the Great Gatchina Palace, one of the main residences of the Russian Imperial Family during the 18th and 19th centuries. The historic center and Gatchina Palace are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site's Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments. Another popular tourist attraction in Gatchina is Prioratsky Palace. \nGatchina has placed high in quality-of-life rankings in Russia.", "Q43421": "Richmond () is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and the Greater Richmond Region. Richmond was incorporated in 1742 and has been an independent city since 1871.\nAs of the 2010 census, the city's population was 204,214; in 2018, the population was estimated to be 228,783, making Richmond the fourth-most populous city in Virginia. The Richmond Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,260,029, the third-most populous metro in the state.\nRichmond is at the fall line of the James River, 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 miles (106 km) east of Charlottesville, 91 miles (146 km) east of Lynchburg and 92 miles (148 km) south of Washington, D.C. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64 and encircled by Interstate 295, Virginia State Route 150 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Chesterfield to the south, Varina to the southeast, Sandston to the east, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast.\nThe site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown from 1609 to 1611. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780, replacing Williamsburg. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's \"Give me liberty or give me death\" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond was the capital of the Confederacy. It entered the 20th century with one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems. The Jackson Ward neighborhood is a traditional hub of African-American commerce and culture.\nRichmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as notable legal and banking firms in the downtown area. The city is home to both a U.S. Court of Appeals, one of 13 such courts, and a Federal Reserve Bank, one of 12 such banks. Dominion Energy and WestRock, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, with others in the metropolitan area.", "Q97116": "Anna Caritas Nitschmann (24 November 1715, Kun\u00edn, Moravia \u2013 21 May 1760, Herrnhut, Lusatia) was a Moravian Brethren missionary (Missionarin), lyrical poet, and the second wife of Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf. \nShe served as the Chief Eldress of the Renewed Moravian Church for most of her life, from the age of 14. Her duties as Chief Eldress were to serve as a spiritual mentor and counsellor to the female members of the congregations. \nMost of her life was spent in close connection with the Zinzendorf household, although a couple of years were spent doing itinerant mission work among the women of southeastern Pennsylvania. She then returned to Europe to resume her work among the various Moravian congregations. After the death of Zinzendorf's first wife, she was married to him on 27 June 1757, but both of them died within a couple of years. She is buried in Herrnhut, Germany.", "Q482070": "Gy\u00f6rgy Acz\u00e9l (born Henrik Appel; 31 August 1917, Budapest \u2013 6 December 1991, Vienna) was a Hungarian communist politician. He became a member of the then illegal Hungarian Communist Party in 1935, and was a founding member of the Political Committee (Hu: Politikai Bizotts\u00e1g) of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party in 1956. He was a deputy minister from 1958 to 1967, later, as one of the leaders of the Party's Central Committee (Hu: K\u00f6zponti Bizotts\u00e1g) the most influential figure in socialist culture politics.\n\n", "Q552053": "Paul von Jank\u00f3 (2 June 1856 \u2013 17 March 1919) was a Hungarian pianist and engineer.He first studied mathematics and music in Vienna, where he was a pupil of H. Schmitt, J. Krenn and Anton Bruckner. He then moved to Berlin where he during the years 1881 and 1882 studied mathematics at the city's University, and piano with H. Erlich.\nIn 1882 Jank\u00f3 patented the Jank\u00f3 keyboard, with six rows of keys, drawing upon earlier designs by Conrad Henfling (1708), Johann Rohleder (1791) and William Lunn (1843). From the year 1886 he used this instrument at his own concert journeys. The Norwegian pianist Tekla Nathan Bjerke was a pupil of Jank\u00f3, and played many concerts in Norway using this instrument. The Jank\u00f3 keyboard wasn't used by many people as it was hard for them to relearn new fingering on a strange keyboard.", "Q1374960": "Lars Sj\u00f6sten (7 May 1941 \u2013 October 2011) was a Swedish jazz pianist and composer.Sj\u00f6sten was born in Oskarshamn. During the 1960s, he often worked at the jazz restaurant The Golden Circle in Stockholm. He played with many jazz musicians including Ben Webster, Dexter Gordon, Art Farmer, Wayne Shorter, and Bernt Rosengren. He was the first person to receive the Jan Johansson prize in 1969.\nSj\u00f6sten also played in Lars Gullin's groups. Sj\u00f6sten and Gullin became friends and in 1997, Sj\u00f6sten was given the inaugural Lars Gullin Prize, for his work within the musical heritage of Lars Gullin.\nThrough the years, Sj\u00f6sten has led his own groups and also worked as a freelancer and a composer. He has recorded, and also performed on records with other musicians, such as Dexter Gordon, Ben Webster, Lars Gullin, Benny Bailey, Rolf Ericson, Bjarne Nerem, Bernt Rosengren, Lee Konitz, Putte Wickman. He has made tours to Paris, Moscow, and Vittoria da Praia (the Azores), as well as within Sweden.", "Q301136": "Lalla Romano (11 November 1906 in Demonte \u2013 26 June 2001 in Milan) was an Italian novelist, poet, artist and journalist.", "Q659800": "Liestal District is one of the five districts of the largely German-speaking canton of Basel-Country, Switzerland. The city of Liestal serves as capital of both the district of Liestal and the canton of Basel-Country. It has a population of 60,954 (as of 31 March 2017).", "Q557": "Patricia Lee Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, author, and poet who became an influential component of the New York City punk rock movement with her 1975 debut album Horses.Called the \"punk poet laureate,\" Smith fused rock and poetry in her work. Her most widely known song is \"Because the Night,\" which was co-written with Bruce Springsteen. It reached number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1978 and number five in the U.K. In 2005, Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture. In 2007, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.On November 17, 2010, Smith won the National Book Award for her memoir Just Kids. The book fulfilled a promise she had made to her former long-time roommate and partner, Robert Mapplethorpe. She placed 47th in Rolling Stone magazine's list of 100 Greatest Artists published in December 2010 and was also a recipient of the 2011 Polar Music Prize.", "Q67597": "Hans Ehard (10 November 1887 \u2013 18 October 1980) was a German lawyer and politician, a member of the Christian Social Union (CSU) party.", "Q134121": "Namur ( n\u0259-MOOR, nam-OOR, French: [namy\u0281]; Dutch: Namen [\u02c8na\u02d0m\u0259(n)] (listen); Walloon: Nameur) is a city and municipality in Wallonia, Belgium. It is both the capital of the province of Namur and of Wallonia, hosting the Parliament of Wallonia, Walloon Government and administration.\nNamur stands at the confluence of the Sambre and Meuse rivers and straddles three different regions \u2013 Hesbaye to the north, Condroz to the south-east, and Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse to the south-west. The city of Charleroi is located to the west. The language spoken is French.\nThe City of Namur includes the old communes of Beez, Belgrade, Saint-Servais, Saint-Marc, Bouge, Champion, Daussoulx, Flawinne, Malonne, Suarl\u00e9e, Temploux, Vedrin, Boninne, Cognel\u00e9e, Gelbress\u00e9e, Marche-les-Dames, Dave, Jambes, Naninne, W\u00e9pion, Wierde, Erpent, Lives-sur-Meuse, and Loyers.", "Q4859140": "John Maugridge Snowden (January 13, 1776 \u2013 April 1, 1845) served as Mayor of Pittsburgh City from 1825 to 1828.", "Q172174": "Guy Camille Ligier (12 July 1930 \u2013 23 August 2015) was a French racing driver and team owner. He maintained many varied and successful careers over the course of his life, including a racing driver and Formula One team owner.", "Q57454": "Hans-Adam II (Johannes Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marco d'Aviano Pius; born 14 February 1945) is the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein. He is the son of Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1906\u20131989) and his wife, Countess Georgina von Wilczek (1921\u20131989). He also bears the titles Duke of Troppau and J\u00e4gerndorf, and Count of Rietberg. Hans-Adam is the richest monarch in Europe.", "Q221594": "As Good as It Gets is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by James L. Brooks, who co-wrote it with Mark Andrus. The film stars Jack Nicholson as a misanthropic and obsessive-compulsive novelist, Helen Hunt as a single mother with a chronically ill son, and Greg Kinnear as a gay artist. The paintings were created for the film by New York artist Billy Sullivan.Nicholson and Hunt won the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Actress, respectively, making As Good as It Gets the most recent film to win both of the lead acting awards, and the first since 1991's The Silence of the Lambs. It is ranked 140th on Empire magazine's \"The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time\" list.", "Q782976": "Avni Rustemi (22 September 1895 \u2013 22 April 1924) was an Albanian patriot, militant, teacher, activist and member of the Albanian parliament. Rustemi was the leader of both democratic organisations \"Atdheu\" and \"Bashkimi\", and also a member of the democratic opposition in the Albanian National Assembly preceding the Revolution of June 1924. He is also known for assassinating Essad Pasha Toptani.", "Q435962": "Paola Borboni (1 January 1900 \u2013 9 April 1995) was an Italian stage and film actress whose career spanned nine decades of cinema.", "Q11401": "Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a genre of popular music developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans and Latino Americans in the Bronx borough of New York City in the 1970s. It consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted. It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing. While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. The term hip hop music is sometimes used synonymously with the term rap music, though rapping is not a required component of hip hop music; the genre may also incorporate other elements of hip hop culture, including DJing, turntablism, scratching, beatboxing, and instrumental tracks.", "Q663550": "Frank Austin Gooch (1852 \u2013 1929) was a chemist and engineer.", "Q188966": "Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck. In its basic format, it is played by four players in two competing partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table. Millions of people play bridge worldwide in clubs, tournaments, online and with friends at home, making it one of the world's most popular card games, particularly among seniors. The World Bridge Federation (WBF) is the governing body for international competitive bridge, with numerous other bodies governing bridge at the regional level.\nThe game consists of several deals, each progressing through four phases. The cards are dealt to the players, and then the players \u2018\u2019call\u2019\u2019 (or \u2018\u2019bid\u2019\u2019) in an auction seeking to take the contract, specifying how many tricks the partnership receiving the contract (the declaring side) needs to take to receive points for the deal. During the auction, partners endeavor to exchange information about their hands, including overall strength and distribution of the suits. The cards are then played, the declaring side trying to fulfill the contract, and the defenders trying to stop the declaring side from achieving its goal. The deal is scored based on the number of tricks taken, the contract, and various other factors which depend to some extent on the variation of the game being played.Rubber bridge is the most popular variation for casual play, but most club and tournament play involves some variant of duplicate bridge, in which the cards are not re-dealt on each occasion, but the same deal is played by two or more sets of players (or \"tables\") to enable comparative scoring.", "Q40128": "Ricki Pamela Lake (born September 21, 1968) is an American actress, television presenter and producer. Lake is best known for her lead role as Tracy Turnblad in the 1988 film Hairspray. She is also known for her talk show which was broadcast internationally from September 1993 until May 2004. When Lake's show debuted, she was 24 and credited as being the youngest person to host a syndicated talk show at the time. In autumn 2012, Lake embarked on a second syndicated talk show project The Ricki Lake Show (dubbed as The New Ricki Lake Show), which aired on weekdays. The series was canceled in 2013 after a single season, but Lake won her first Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show Host.", "Q66851": "Wilhelm Haferkamp (1 July 1923 \u2013 17 January 1995) was a longtime member of the European Commission. Born in Germany, he was a social democratic politician. He was appointed to the Commission by the West German government in 1967. He served in a number of posts including Vice President until 1985. He died in Brussels.\nIn the Rey Commission from 1967 he served as Commissioner for Energy. His portfolio then expanded to include the Internal Market in 1970 under the Malfatti Commission and Mansholt Commission until 1973 when he joined the Ortoli Commission as Commissioner for Economic, Finance, Credit and Investments. His last post was Commissioner for External Relations, which he served as until 1985 under the Jenkins and Thorn Commissions.", "Q1339860": "Paramore is an American rock band from Franklin, Tennessee, formed in 2004. The band currently consists of lead vocalist Hayley Williams, guitarist Taylor York and drummer Zac Farro. Williams and Farro are founding members of the group, while York, a high school friend of the original lineup, joined in 2007. Williams is the only member listed on the band's recording contract with Warner Music Group's Fueled by Ramen sublabel and the only member to appear on all five of Paramore's studio albums.The group released its debut album All We Know Is Falling in 2005, with the album reaching number four on the UK Rock Chart in 2009 and number thirty on Billboard's Heatseekers Chart in 2006.\nThe band's second album, Riot!, was released in 2007. Due to the success of the singles \"Misery Business\", \"Crushcrushcrush\", and \"That's What You Get\", Riot! was a mainstream success and was certified Platinum in the United States. They then received a Best New Artist nomination at the 2008 Grammy Awards. Their 2009 follow-up, Brand New Eyes, is the band's second-highest charting album to date, landing at number two on the Billboard 200 with 175,000 first week sales. It produced the top-forty single \"The Only Exception\" and went platinum in Ireland and the UK, as well as gold in the US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.Following the departure of Josh and Zac Farro in 2010, the band released their self-titled fourth album in 2013. It gave the band their first career number one on the US Billboard 200 and was also the number one album in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Argentina and Mexico. It included the singles \"Still Into You\" and \"Ain't It Fun\", with the latter winning the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song for Hayley Williams and Taylor York as songwriters, making it Paramore's first Grammy win. The band's lineup changed once again after this album cycle with bassist Jeremy Davis leaving the band near the end of 2015 and former drummer Zac Farro rejoining the band in 2017. Their fifth studio album After Laughter was released later that year.", "Q59479": "Ivan (Ivica) Djeparoski(born 1958 in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia) is a philosopher, cultural theorist, poet and translator. He graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje where he received his M.A. and Ph.D. He is an author of fourteen books in the field of aesthetics and cultural theory, five poetry books and also of two poetry anthologies, for which he was awarded the \"Mlad Borec Prize\" (1984), \"Dimitar Mitrev Prize\" (1993) and \u201cParadigm Prize\u201d (2009). He works at the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje as a professor of \"Aesthetics\", \"History of Aesthetics\" and \"Cultural Theories\". He is/was Head of the Institute of Philosophy (2004-2009; 2013-), Head of postgraduate studies of the Institute of philosophy (2010-2013) and secretary of Macedonian P.E.N. Centre. (1999-2001; 2009-2014). He also translates (William Blake, Joseph Brodsky, James Joyce, David Hume, Edmund Burke). He was granted the \"Grigor Prlicev Award\" (1993) for a poetic rendition as well as the \u201eMiladinov Brothers\u201d award(2017) for the best poetry book \"The Light of Mount Athos\" written in Macedonian language . His poetry and some of his essays are translated into several languages.", "Q103955": "Gustav Ernst Stresemann (Gustav Stresemann ; 10 May 1878 \u2013 3 October 1929) was a German statesman who served as Chancellor in 1923 (for a brief period of 102 days) and Foreign Minister 1923\u20131929, during the Weimar Republic. He was co-laureate of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926.\nHis most notable achievement was the reconciliation between Germany and France, for which he and Aristide Briand received the Nobel Peace Prize. During a period of political instability and fragile, short-lived governments, he was generally seen as the most influential cabinet member in most of the Weimar Republic's existence. During his political career, he represented three successive liberal parties; he was the dominant figure of the German People's Party during the Weimar Republic.", "Q364962": "Jorge Sapelli (1926, Montevideo \u2013 January 13, 1996) was an Uruguayan political figure. He was the Vice President of Uruguay from 1972 until his resignation in 1973.", "Q163079": "Gaius Valerius Catullus ( k\u0259-TUL-\u0259s, Latin: [ka\u02c8t\u028all\u028as]; c. 84 \u2013 c. 54 BCE) was a Latin poet of the late Roman Republic who wrote chiefly in the neoteric style of poetry, which is about personal life rather than classical heroes. His surviving works are still read widely and continue to influence poetry and other forms of art.\nCatullus's poems were widely appreciated by contemporary poets, significantly influencing Ovid and Virgil, among others. After his rediscovery in the Late Middle Ages, Catullus again found admirers such as Petrarca. The explicit sexual imagery which he uses in some of his poems has shocked many readers. Yet, at many instruction levels, Catullus is considered a resource for teachers of Latin. His profane body of work is still frequently read from secondary school to higher education programs across the world, with his 64th poem often considered his greatest.", "Q230499": "Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (Spanish pronunciation: [bjo\u02c8leta \u02c8para]; 4 October 1917 \u2013 5 February 1967) was a Chilean composer, singer-songwriter, folklorist, ethnomusicologist and visual artist. She pioneered the Nueva Canci\u00f3n Chilena (The Chilean New Song), a renewal and a reinvention of Chilean folk music that would extend its sphere of influence outside Chile. Parra is acknowledged as \"the Mother of Latin American folk\".\nHer birthdate (4 October) was chosen \"Chilean Musicians' Day\". In 2011, Andr\u00e9s Wood directed a biopic about her, titled Violeta Went to Heaven (Spanish: Violeta se fue a los cielos).", "Q133896": "Dimitrie Ghica or Ghika (31 May 1816 \u2013 15 February 1897) was a Romanian politician. A prominent member of the Conservative Party, he served as Prime Minister between 1868 and 1870.\nDimitrie Ghica was born in the Ghica family, as the son of the Wallachian Prince Grigore IV Ghica by his first wife, Maria Hangerly. He married Charlotte Duport, and they had two daughters, Maria and Iza.", "Q85512": "Hanns Blaschke (1 April 1896 in Vienna \u2013 25 October 1971 in Salzburg) was an Austrian politician. A member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) he served as mayor of Vienna from 30 December 1943 until 6 April 1945.", "Q3167677": "Jean-Marie Georges Girard, baron de Soubeyran (3 November 1828, Paris - 2 February 1897, Paris) was a French politician and administrator.", "Q728753": "Steve Di Giorgio (born November 7, 1967) is an American musician of Italian descent.", "Q66689": "Carl Wilhelm Severing (1 June 1875, Herford, Westphalia \u2013 23 July 1952, Bielefeld) was a German Social Democrat politician during the Weimar era.\nHe was seen as a representative of the right wing of the party. Over the years, he took a leading influence in the party district of Ostwestfalen and Lippe. He was a parliamentarian in the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and in Northrhine-Westphalia. He first played more than a regional role when he became Reich and later State Commissar in the Ruhr from 1919 to 1920. \nHe was Interior Minister of Prussia from 1920 to 1926, Minister of the Interior from 1928 to 1930 and Interior Minister of Prussia again from 1930 to 1932. Along with fellow Social Democrat, Otto Braun, Severing agreed to General Hans von Seeckt's plans for a secret army to protect Germany's eastern border against a sudden attack from Poland. At the Nuremberg Trials on 21 May 1946, Severing defended this strategy by saying:\n\nThat the army of 100,000 men granted to Germany was not sufficient even for a defensive war was and is known to-day possibly to everyone in Germany concerned with politics. Germany got into a very bad situation with regard to her eastern neighbours since the establishment of the Corridor. The insular position of East Prussia forced Germany, even at that time (1920\u201322), to take measures which I reluctantly helped to carry out.\nAccording to Geoffrey Winthrop Young's diary entry for 14 December 1929: \"A dramatic incident was the entry of Minister Severing three hours late at the end of a cabinet meeting which had lasted two days, during which time he had saved parliamentary government in Germany, and incidentally avoided being appointed himself dictator by Hindenburg. He was naturally fatigued, but took part in our discussions for the remainder of a long evening\".Severing introduced the law for the defence of the Republic and said of it on 13 March 1930:\n\nThe right of assembly has become the wrongs of assembly, and press freedom has become press licence. We cannot permit demagogues to inflame the masses any further. Last year in Prussia alone three hundred policemen were wounded and fourteen killed in the course of their duties.", "Q17070": "R\u00e9union (French: La R\u00e9union [la \u0281e.y.nj\u0254\u0303] (listen); previously \u00cele Bourbon) is an overseas department and region of the French Republic and an island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar and 175 km (109 mi) southwest of Mauritius. As of January 2020, it had a population of 859,959.The island has been inhabited since the 16th century, when people from France and Madagascar settled there. Slavery was abolished on 20 December 1848 (a date celebrated yearly on the island), when the French Second Republic abolished slavery in the French colonies. However, later on indentured workers were brought to R\u00e9union from South India, among other places. The island became an overseas department of France in 1946.\nAs in France, the official language is French. In addition, the majority of the region's population speaks R\u00e9union Creole.\nAdministratively, R\u00e9union is one of the overseas departments of France. Like the other four overseas departments, it is also one of the 18 regions of France, with the modified status of overseas region, and an integral part of the republic with the same status as Metropolitan France. R\u00e9union is an outermost region of the European Union and, as an overseas department of France, part of the eurozone.\n\n", "Q18425": "Pierre Eug\u00e8ne Marcellin Berthelot (French: [b\u025b\u0281t\u0259lo]; 1827\u20131907) was a French chemist and politician noted for the Thomsen\u2013Berthelot principle of thermochemistry. He synthesized many organic compounds from inorganic substances, providing a large amount of counter-evidence to the theory of J\u00f6ns Jakob Berzelius that organic compounds required organisms in their synthesis.\nBerthelot was convinced that chemical synthesis would revolutionize the food industry by the year 2000, and that synthesized foods would replace farms and pastures. \"Why not\", he asked, \"if it proved cheaper and better to make the same materials than to grow them?\"He was considered \"one of the most famous chemists in the world.\" Upon being appointed to the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs for the French government in 1895, he was considered \"the most eminent living chemist\" in France. \nIn 1901, he was elected as one of the \"Forty Immortals\" of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.\nHe gave all his discoveries not only to the French government but to humanity.\n\n", "Q92708": "Michael K\u00f6lling is a German computer scientist, best known for the development of the BlueJ and Greenfoot educational development environments and as author of introductory programming textbooks. In 2013 he received the SIGCSE Award for Outstanding Contribution to Computer Science Education for the development of the BlueJ.", "Q506364": "For other uses, see Ribeirinho.Francisco Ribeiro (15 March 1965 \u2013 14 September 2010) was a Portuguese cellist, composer, lyricist, vocalist, arranger and record producer. He was born and died in Lisbon, Portugal.Ribeiro is best known for being one of the founding members of Madredeus, a group that combined traditional Portuguese music with influences from contemporary folk music. While with Madredeus, Ribeiro collaborated on the soundtrack for the 1994 film Lisbon Story, directed by Wim Wenders.In 1997, Ribeiro left Madredeus to complete his musical training in England. While in England, he was a member of the Gloucester and Stroud Symphony Orchestras from 2002 through 2003. He graduated from Bath Spa University in Music and Composition, and also studied at Gloucester Tech College while attending the Music Academy of Santa Cecilia.Ribeiro returned to Portugal in 2006. In December 2009, he released The Junction Well, the first album by his personal project Desiderata. Ribeiro was actively involved in various music projects and festivals.Ribeiro died in Lisbon from liver cancer at the age of 45.", "Q51743": "The King and the Clown (Korean: \uc655\uc758 \ub0a8\uc790; Hanja: \u738b\uc758 \u7537\u5b50; RR: Wang-ui Namja, lit. The King's Man) is a 2005 South Korean historical drama film, starring Kam Woo-sung, Lee Joon-gi and Jung Jin-young. It was adapted from the 2000 stage play, Yi (\"You\") about Yeonsangun of Joseon, a Joseon dynasty king and a court clown who mocks him. It was released on 29 December 2005, runs for 119 minutes; and distributed domestically by Cinema Service and internationally by CJ Entertainment.The movie is referred to by various titles. It is sometimes known as The King's Man (the literal English translation of the Korean title). In Chinese, the title is \"\u738b\u7684\u7537\u4eba\" or \"\u738b\u548c\u5c0f\u4e11\", and in Japanese, it is known as \"\u738b\u306e\u7537\". It is also known as The Royal Jester in English, as the movie's English translator found it more fitting than the original title.The film was chosen as South Korea's official submission for the 2006 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. With over 12.3 million tickets sold, it was the most watched movie of South Korea of the year, as well the eightieth highest-grossing film in South Korea.", "Q236956": "Rosemarie Braddock DeWitt (born October 26, 1971) is an American actress. DeWitt played Emily Lehman in the Fox television series Standoff (2006\u201307), co-starring with her future husband Ron Livingston, as well as Charmaine Craine on United States of Tara. She also was the title character in 2008's Rachel Getting Married, garnering several awards and nominations for best supporting actress. She starred in the horror/thriller Poltergeist (2015), a remake of the 1982 film of the same name.", "Q386059": "Hereward Carrington (17 October 1880 \u2013 26 December 1958) was a well-known British-born American investigator of psychic phenomena and author. His subjects included several of the most high-profile cases of apparent psychic ability of his times, and he wrote over 100 books on subjects including the paranormal and psychical research, conjuring and stage magic, and alternative medicine.", "Q973400": "Alexander Nikolaevich Bashlachev (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0451\u0432, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 b\u0259\u0282l\u0250\u02c8t\u0255\u0275f] (listen); 27 May 1960 \u2013 17 February 1988) was a Soviet poet, singer-songwriter and guitarist, a performer in Russian rock music, included in the 27 Club.", "Q174263": "Rodney G. Rowland (born February 20, 1964) is an American actor. He is credited as Rod Rowland in more recent productions, given his predilection to being called Rod. Rowland's most noted appearances to date were as 1st Lieutenant Cooper Hawkes in 1995's Space: Above and Beyond and P. Wiley in The 6th Day, starring Arnold Schwarzenegger.", "Q41550": "The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; French: Organisation de coop\u00e9ration et de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 36 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade. It is a forum of countries describing themselves as committed to democracy and the market economy, providing a platform to compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members. Most OECD members are high-income economies with a very high Human Development Index (HDI) and are regarded as developed countries. As of 2017, the OECD member countries collectively comprised 62.2% of global nominal GDP (US$49.6 trillion) and 42.8% of global GDP (Int$54.2 trillion) at purchasing power parity. The OECD is an official United Nations observer.In 1948, the OECD originated as the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), led by Robert Marjolin of France, to help administer the Marshall Plan (which was rejected by the Soviet Union and its satellite states). This would be achieved by allocating United States financial aid and implementing economic programs for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II. (Similar reconstruction aid was sent to the war-torn Republic of China and post-war Korea, but not under the name \"Marshall Plan\".)In 1961, the OEEC was reformed into the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development by the Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and membership was extended to non-European states. The OECD's headquarters are at the Ch\u00e2teau de la Muette in Paris, France. The OECD is funded by contributions from member countries at varying rates and had a total budget of \u20ac386 million in 2019.", "Q115851": "Theodore (or Theodorus) Bibliander (German: Theodor Buchmann; 1509 in Bischofszell \u2013 26 September 1564 in Zurich) was a Swiss orientalist, publisher, Protestant reformer and linguist. Born Theodor Buchmann (Bibliander is a Greek translation of this surname) in Bischofszell, he studied Latin under Oswald Myconius, and Greek and Hebrew under Jakob Ceporin, and attended lectures in Basel between 1525\u20137 given by Johannes Oecolampadius and Konrad Pelikan. He also became familiar with the Arabic language and other languages from the East; he became a professor of theology. He published a Hebrew grammar in 1535, and commentaries on the Bible. He published the first printed edition of the Qur'an in Latin (Basel, 1543), based on the medieval translation of Robert of Ketton. The edition included Doctrina Machumet, a translation of the Arabic theological tract known as the Book of a Thousand Questions. Considered the father of biblical exegesis in Switzerland, Bibliander became involved in a doctrinal controversy with Pietro Martire Vermigli (Peter Martyr) over predestination; he was removed from his theological professorship at the Carolinum academy in 1560. He died of the plague.", "Q462184": "Urbana is a city in and the county seat of Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The population is estimated at 42,046 as of July 1, 2018. Urbana is the tenth-most populous city in Illinois outside of the Chicago metropolitan area. It is included in the Champaign\u2013Urbana metropolitan area.\nUrbana is notable for sharing the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign with its sister city of Champaign.", "Q739138": "Teen pop is a subgenre of pop music that is created, marketed and oriented towards preteens and teenagers. Teen pop incorporates different genres such as pop, R&B, dance, electronic, hip hop, country, latin and rock. Typical characteristics of teen pop music include autotuned vocals, choreographed dancing, emphasis on visual appeal (photogenic faces, unique body physiques, immaculate hair styles and fashion clothes), lyrics focused on teenage issues such as love/relationships, finding oneself, friendships, teenage angst, teen rebellion, coming of age, fitting in and growing up (regardless of the artists' age) and repeated chorus lines. Teen pop singers often cultivate an image of a girl next door/boy next door.According to AllMusic, teen pop \"is essentially dance-pop, pop, and urban ballads\" that are marketed to teens, and was conceived in its contemporary form during the late 1980s and 1990s, pointing out the late 1990s as \"arguably the style's golden era.\" About.com's Bill Lamb described teen pop sound as \"a simple, straightforward, ultra-catchy melody line [...] The songs may incorporate elements of other pop music genres, but usually they will never be mistaken for anything but mainstream pop. The music is designed for maximum focus on the performer and a direct appeal to listeners.\" Some authors deemed teen pop music as \"more disposable, less intellectually challenging, more feminine, simpler and more commercially focused than other musical forms.\" Author Melanie Lowe wrote that teen pop \"is marked by a clash of presumed innocence and overt sexuality, a conflict that mirrors the physical and emotional turmoil of its primary target audience and vital fan base: early-adolescent middle-and upper middle-class suburban girls.\"", "Q343463": "Mark Williams (born 22 August 1959) is an English actor, screenwriter and presenter. He is well known for his role as Horace in the 1996 adaptation of 101 Dalmatians and as Arthur Weasley in seven of the Harry Potter films, and as one of the stars of the popular BBC sketch show The Fast Show. He also played Brian Williams in the BBC series Doctor Who, and Olaf Petersen in Red Dwarf. More recently he has appeared as the title character in the BBC series Father Brown.", "Q217998": "Alphonse Gallaud de la P\u00e9rouse (28 May 1864 \u2013 30 August 1930), better known as Zo d'Axa (French pronunciation: \u200b[zo daksa]), was a French adventurer, anti-militarist, satirist, journalist, and founder of two of the most legendary French magazines, L'EnDehors and La Feuille. A descendant of the famous French navigator Jean-Fran\u00e7ois de Galaup, comte de Lap\u00e9rouse, he was one of the most prominent French individualist anarchists at the turn of the 20th century.", "Q489643": "Wouter \"Wally\" De Backer (born 21 May 1980), known professionally as Gotye ( GOT-ee-ay), is a Belgian-born Australian multi-instrumentalist and singer-songwriter. The name \"Gotye\" is a pronunciation respelling of \"Gauthier\", the French cognate of Gotye's given Dutch name \"Wouter\" (English \"Walter\", hence the nickname \"Wally\").\nGotye has released three studio albums independently and one album featuring remixes of tracks from his first two albums. He is a founding member of the Melbourne indie-pop trio The Basics, who have independently released four studio albums and numerous other titles since 2002. His voice has been compared to those of Peter Gabriel and Sting. Gotye's 2011 single \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, making him the fifth Australian-based artist to do so and the second born in Belgium (after The Singing Nun in 1963). He has won five ARIA Awards and received a nomination for an MTV EMA for Best Asia and Pacific Act. On 10 February 2013, he won three Grammy Awards at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards Show: Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance for \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" and Best Alternative Music Album for Making Mirrors. Gotye has said he sometimes feels \"less of a musician, more of a tinkerer.\"", "Q18129046": "The Oudh State (, also Kingdom of Oudh, or Awadh State) was a princely state in the Awadh region of North India until annexation by the British in 1856. Oudh, the now obsolete but once official English-language name of the state, also written historically as Oude, derived from the name of Ayodhya, its first capital.\nAs the Mughal Empire declined and decentralized, local governors in Oudh began asserting greater autonomy, and eventually Oudh matured into an independent polity governing the fertile lands of the Central and Lower Doab. With the British East India Company entering Bengal and decisively defeating Oudh at the Battle of Buxar in 1764, Oudh fell into the British orbit.\nThe capital of Oudh was in Faizabad, but the British Agents, officially known as \"residents\", had their seat in Lucknow. The Nawab of Oudh, one of the richest princes, paid for and erected a Residency in Lucknow as a part of a wider programme of civic improvements.Oudh joined other Indian states in an upheaval against British rule in 1858 during one of the last series of actions in the Indian rebellion of 1857. In the course of this uprising detachments of the British Indian Army from the Bombay Presidency overcame the disunited collection of Indian states in a single rapid campaign. Determined rebels continued to wage sporadic guerrilla clashes until the spring of 1859. This rebellion is also historically known as the Oudh campaign.After the British annexation of Oudh by the Doctrine of Lapse, the North Western Provinces became the North Western Provinces and Oudh.", "Q172612": "For the musician, see Bob Drake (musician)Bob Drake (December 14, 1919 \u2013 April 18, 1990) was an American racecar driver. He participated in one Formula One Grand Prix, on November 20, 1960. He scored no championship points. Drake was the last driver to race the famous Maserati 250F in a Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1960 United States Grand Prix. The 250F was a 2.5 litre front-engined Grand Prix car that was considered obsolete in 1961 due to new engine rules.\nAside from being a race car driver, he was a naval diver, restaurateur, and stunt performer.", "Q4773398": "Anthony Ruys (born 20 July 1947, Antwerp) is a former chairman of the executive board of Heineken N.V.Ruys holds a degree in commercial law from the University of Utrecht and a master's degree from Harvard Business School. He started his career for Unilever, where he worked as marketing director and chairman for various subsidiaries of Unilever in the Netherlands, Colombia and Italy from 1974 to 1992. In 1993, Ruys was appointed executive board member at Heineken N.V. He was chief executive officer from 2003 to 2005.He was appointed an Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau by the Dutch government in 2005.", "Q310985": "Roberto Concina (3 November 1969 \u2013 9 May 2017), known professionally as Robert Miles, was a Swiss-born Italian record producer, composer, musician and DJ. His 1995 composition \"Children\" sold more than 5 million copies and topped the charts in many countries.", "Q99885": "Rudolph Maximilian Chimelli (24 April 1928 \u2013 22 April 2016) was a German journalist and writer.Chimelli was born in Munich and studied first law and economy. In 1968, he went to Beirut, from where he contributed to several newspapers with articles about the Arab world. In 1972, he moved to Moscow and was from 1979 to 1998 redactor in Paris for the German newspaper S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung.He published many of his journalistic works. In 1986, the Bundesverband Deutscher Zeitungsverleger awarded him the Theodor-Wolff-Preis. In 1992 Chimelli was honored with the Joseph-Roth-Preis, and in 2007 he received the Officer's Cross of the Republic of Germany.", "Q3998977": "Triple X Records was an LA-based record company started by three former employees of the bankrupt Greenworld Distribution: Dean Naleway, Peter Heur and Charley Brown.\nThe label was known for \"a fearlessly eclectic catalogue that broke away from not just the mainstream, but the equally rigid guidelines of punk rock as well,\" according to Phoenix New Times writer Anita Jackson. The label's roster included such artists as Jane's Addiction, the Dickies, Psi Com, The Miracle Workers, L.A.P.D., Bo Diddley, D.I., the Adolescents, the Vandals, Social Distortion, Human Drama, Of Cabbages And Kings, Angry Samoans, Bad Manners, Mojo Nixon, Fish Karma, Benign Rebellion, Stephen Pearcy, Dr. Dre, Doggy Style, Spice 1, South Central Cartel, Slow Pain, Nino Brown, Gaza Strippers, Brownside and Mr. Shadow.\nIn 1987, Triple X released the debut album by Jane's Addiction. The live recording was titled Jane's Addiction and included the acoustic song \"Jane Says\". The release resulted in a bidding war among major labels that led to the band signing to Warner Bros.In 1991 the label released the first V/A tribute to the Ramones, entitled \"Gabba Gabba Hey\". Many similar tributes have been released since. This initial compilation featured, among others, Bad Religion, Keith Morris, L7, D.I., Mojo Nixon, The Flesh Eaters, White Flag, and the Groovie Ghoulies.In 1996, Dr. Dre and Interscope Records sued Triple X Records to remove an album of early Dre material titled First Round Knock Out from the marketplace.", "Q43347": "Jal\u0101l ad-D\u012bn Muhammad R\u016bm\u012b (Persian: \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u200e), also known as Jal\u0101l ad-D\u012bn Muhammad Balkh\u012b (\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0644\u062e\u0649), Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2/Mawl\u0101n\u0101 (\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627, \"our master\"), Mevlev\u00ee/Mawlaw\u012b (\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06cc, \"my master\"), and more popularly simply as Rumi (30 September 1207 \u2013 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century Persian poet, faqih, Islamic scholar, theologian, and Sufi mystic originally from Greater Khorasan. Rumi's influence transcends national borders and ethnic divisions: Iranians, Tajiks, Turks, Greeks, Pashtuns, other Central Asian Muslims, and the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent have greatly appreciated his spiritual legacy for the past seven centuries. His poems have been widely translated into many of the world's languages and transposed into various formats. Rumi has been described as the \"most popular poet\" and the \"best selling poet\" in the United States.Rumi's works are written mostly in Persian, but occasionally he also used Turkish, Arabic, and Greek in his verse. His Masnavi (Mathnawi), composed in Konya, is considered one of the greatest poems of the Persian language. His works are widely read today in their original language across Greater Iran and the Persian-speaking world. Translations of his works are very popular, most notably in Turkey, Azerbaijan, the United States, and South Asia. His poetry has influenced not only Persian literature, but also the literary traditions of the Ottoman Turkish, Chagatai, Urdu and Pashto languages.", "Q130421": "Kinda Vivianne Ingrosso (born Kinda Vivianne Hamid, 1982) better known as Kinnda is a Swedish artist and songwriter. Kinnda is also known as Kee Hamid, Kee Ingrosso, or just Kee. Kinnda has been married to Swedish house producer Sebastian Ingrosso since 2011.", "Q159497": "Destruction is a German thrash metal band, formed in 1982. They are often credited as one of the \"Big Four\" of the German thrash metal scene, the others being Kreator, Sodom and Tankard. In addition to helping pioneer black metal by containing several elements of what was to become the genre, Destruction was part of the second wave of thrash metal in the late 1980s, along with American bands Testament, Sacred Reich, Death Angel and Dark Angel. For most of the 1990s, the band was not signed to a record label and was forced to self-produce their albums until they signed a contract with Nuclear Blast in the early 2000s.", "Q1135990": "The \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des Arts D\u00e9coratifs (\u00c9nsAD, also known as Arts Decos', \u00c9cole des Arts D\u00e9coratifs) is a public grande \u00e9cole of art and design of PSL Research University. The school is located in the Rue d'Ulm in Paris.", "Q64920": "Breil/Brigels is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2018 the former municipalities of Andiast and Waltensburg/Vuorz merged into the municipality of Breil/Brigels.\nThe name of the municipality comes from the word brigilo, meaning little town. The name comes from the village name in the two local languages. In Romansh the name is Breil Romansh: [b\u0281\u0254i\u032fl] (listen) while in German it is Brigels German: [\u02c8b\u0281i\u02d0\u0261\u0259ls] (listen).", "Q106193": "Lars Ulrich (; Danish: [\u02c8l\u0251\u02d0s \u02c8ul\u02c0\u0281ek]; born 26 December 1963) is a Danish musician, songwriter, record producer and podcaster. He is best known as the drummer and co-founder of the American heavy metal band Metallica. The son of tennis player Torben Ulrich and grandson of tennis player Einer Ulrich, he also played tennis in his youth and moved to Los Angeles at age 16 to train professionally. However, rather than playing tennis, Ulrich began playing drums. After publishing an advertisement in The Recycler, Ulrich met vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield and formed Metallica. Along with Hetfield, Ulrich has songwriting credits on all but two of the band\u2019s songs. He was the face of the band during the Napster controversy. Later in his career Ulrich began hosting the It's Electric podcast, in which he speaks with other prominent musicians.", "Q437813": "Michelle Borth (born August 19, 1978) is an American actress who has portrayed characters on The Forgotten and the HBO series Tell Me You Love Me. Borth played Catherine Rollins on the CBS crime-drama Hawaii Five-0.", "Q609951": "The Syn are an English band that were active from 1965 to 1967, and then reunited as a progressive rock band in 2004. The band was founded by Steve Nardelli, Chris Squire, Andrew Pryce Jackman, Martyn Adelman and John Painter. Chris Welch, in his book, Close to the Edge: The Story of Yes wrote, \"The Syn were very similar to Yes in fact. It was very much a precursor of Yes.\"", "Q441985": "Robert G. Springsteen (September 8, 1904 \u2013 December 9, 1989) was an American director of Hollywood B movies and television shows. He was most often credited on screen as R. G. Springsteen.", "Q317032": "Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf (HHU) (German: Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf) was founded in 1965 as the successor organisation to D\u00fcsseldorf\u2019s Medical Academy of 1907. Following several expansions throughout the decades, the university has comprised five faculties since 1993. At present, more than 20,000 full-time students are pursuing studies at HHU. There is a total staff of approximately 2,900 persons at HHU (academic and non-academic).", "Q733373": "Carlton Douglas Ridenhour (born August 1, 1960), known professionally as Chuck D, is an American rapper, author, and producer. As the leader of the rap group Public Enemy, which he co-founded in 1985 with Flavor Flav, Chuck D helped create politically and socially conscious hip hop music in the mid-1980s. The Source ranked him at No. 12 on their list of the Top 50 Hip-Hop Lyricists of All Time.\n\n", "Q1721": "Wiesbaden (German pronunciation: [\u02c8vi\u02d0s\u02ccba\u02d0dn\u0329] (listen)) is a city in central western Germany and the capital of the federal state of Hesse. As of January 2018, it had 289,544 inhabitants, plus approximately 19,000 United States citizens (mostly associated with the United States Army). The Wiesbaden urban area is home to approx. 560,000 people.\nThe city, together with nearby Frankfurt am Main, Darmstadt, and Mainz, is part of the Frankfurt Rhine Main Region, a metropolitan area with a combined population of about 5.8 million people.\nWiesbaden is one of the oldest spa towns in Europe. Its name translates to \"meadow baths\", a reference to its famed hot springs. It is also internationally famous for its architecture and climate\u2014it is also called the \"Nice of the North\" in reference to the city in France. At one time, Wiesbaden boasted 26 hot springs. As of 2008, fourteen of the springs are still flowing.In 1970, the town hosted the tenth Hessentag Landesfest (English: Hessian Day, a state festival).\nThe city is considered the tenth richest in Germany (2014) boasting 110.3% of the national average gross domestic product in 2017. The average annual buying power per citizen is \u20ac24,783.", "Q978555": "Dark Moor is a Spanish symphonic power metal band from Madrid. Formed in 1993, they produced three full-length albums before undergoing a line-up change in which three members left the band to form their own project, Dreamaker. Afterwards, the band continued under the same name, recruiting suitable replacements in time for their eponymous 2003 album. Since 2002, guitarist Enrik Garcia has been the band's sole remaining founding member.", "Q116380": "Hedi Lang (30 October 1931 \u2013 31 March 2004) was a Swiss politician. She was one of the first women to be elected to the Swiss National Council, the first woman elected to a cantonal executive and the second woman to serve as President of the National Council. She was a member of the Social Democratic Party.\n\n", "Q49124": "Radcliffe College was a women's liberal arts college in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and functioned as the female coordinate institution for the all-male Harvard College. It was one of the Seven Sisters colleges and held the popular reputation of having a particularly intellectual, literary, and independent-minded female student body. Radcliffe conferred Radcliffe College diplomas to undergraduates and graduate students for approximately the first 70 years of its history and then joint Harvard-Radcliffe diplomas to undergraduates beginning in 1963. A formal \"non-merger merger\" agreement with Harvard was signed in 1977, with full integration with Harvard completed in 1999. Today, within Harvard University, Radcliffe's former administrative campus (Radcliffe Yard) is home to the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, and former Radcliffe housing at the Radcliffe Quadrangle (Pforzheimer House, Cabot House, and Currier House) has been incorporated into the Harvard College house system. Under the terms of the 1999 consolidation, the Radcliffe Yard and the Radcliffe Quadrangle retain the \"Radcliffe\" designation in perpetuity.", "Q314513": "Werner Vorndran (24 April 1922 \u2013 1 May 2009), known professionally as Fred Delmare, was a German actor.", "Q557665": "Rezs\u0151 Kasztner (1906 \u2013 15 March 1957), also known as Rudolf Israel Kastner, was a Hungarian-Jewish journalist and lawyer who became known for having helped Jews escape from occupied Europe during the Holocaust. He was assassinated in 1957 after an Israeli court accused him of having collaborated with the Nazis.\nKasztner was one of the leaders of the Budapest Aid and Rescue Committee (Va'adat Ezrah Vehatzalah, or Vaada), which smuggled Jewish refugees into Hungary during World War II, then helped them escape from Hungary when in March 1944 the Nazis invaded that country too.\nBetween May and July 1944, Hungary's Jews were deported to the gas chambers at Auschwitz at the rate of 12,000 people a day. Kasztner negotiated with Adolf Eichmann, a senior SS officer, to allow 1,684 Jews to leave instead for Switzerland on what became known as the Kastner train, in exchange for money, gold and diamonds.\nKasztner moved to Israel after the war, becoming a spokesman for the Ministry of Trade and Industry in 1952. In 1953 he was accused of having been a Nazi collaborator in a pamphlet self-published by Malchiel Gruenwald, a freelance writer. The allegation stemmed from his relationship with Eichmann and another SS officer, Kurt Becher, and from his having given positive character references after the war for Becher and two other SS officers, thus allowing Becher to escape prosecution for war crimes. The Israeli government sued Gruenwald for libel on Kasztner's behalf, resulting in a trial that lasted 18 months, and a ruling in 1955 that Kasztner had, in the words of Judge Benjamin Halevy, \"sold his soul to the devil\".By saving the Jews on the \"Kasztner train\", while failing to warn others that their \"resettlement\" was in fact deportation to the gas chambers, Kasztner had sacrificed the mass of Jewry for a chosen few, the judge said. The verdict triggered the fall of the Israeli Cabinet.Kasztner resigned his government position and became a virtual recluse, telling reporters he was living with a loneliness \"blacker than night, darker than hell\". His wife fell into a depression that left her unable to get out of bed, while his daughter's schoolmates threw stones at her in the street.Kasztner was shot on March 3, 1957 by Zeev Eckstein, part of a three-man squad from a group of veterans from the pre-state militia Lehi led by Yosef Menkes and Yaakov Heruti, and died of his injuries twelve days later. The Supreme Court of Israel overturned most of the judgment against Kasztner in January 1958, stating in a split decision that the lower court had \"erred seriously\".", "Q259361": "Nadhim Zahawi (Kurdish: \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0632\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u200e; born 2 June 1967) is an Iraqi-born British Conservative Party politician of Kurdish descent who is a junior Minister and has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Stratford-on-Avon since 2010, after the retirement of previous Conservative MP John Maples. Since 26 July 2019, under the premiership of Boris Johnson, Zahawi has served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Industry. \nHe is also the co-founder of the international Internet-based market research firm YouGov of which he was Chief Executive until February 2010 and was, until January 2018, Chief Strategy Officer (CSO) for Gulf Keystone Petroleum. His various roles have resulted in him being the 2nd highest earning MP in the UK.\n\n", "Q228598": "Emma Rose Roberts (born February 10, 1991) is an American actress and singer. After making her film debut as Kristina Jung in the crime film Blow (2001), Roberts gained recognition for her lead role as Addie Singer on the Nickelodeon television series Unfabulous (2004\u20132007). She released her debut studio album Unfabulous and More in 2005. Roberts then appeared in numerous films, including Aquamarine (2006), Nancy Drew (2007), Wild Child (2008), Hotel for Dogs (2009), Valentine's Day (2010), It's Kind of a Funny Story (2010), and The Art of Getting By (2011).\nLooking for more mature roles, Roberts obtained starring roles in the films Lymelife (2008), 4.3.2.1. (2010), Scream 4 (2011), Adult World (2013), We're the Millers (2013), Palo Alto (2013), The Blackcoat's Daughter (2015), Nerve (2016), Who We Are Now (2017), and Paradise Hills (2019). Roberts gained further recognition for her starring roles in multiple seasons of the FX anthology horror series American Horror Story (2013\u2013present) and for the lead role of Chanel Oberlin on the Fox comedy horror series Scream Queens (2015\u20132016).", "Q46217": "Stanis\u0142aw Poniatowski (15 September 1676 \u2013 29 August 1762) was a Polish military commander, diplomat, and noble. Throughout his career, Poniatowski served in various military offices, and was a general in both the Swedish and Polish-Lithuanian militaries. He also held numerous civil positions, including those of podstoli of Lithuania and Grand Treasurer of the Lithuanian army in 1722, voivode of the Masovian Voivodeship in 1731, regimentarz of the Crown Army in 1728, and castellan of Krak\u00f3w in 1752. Throughout his lifetime, he served in many starost positions.\nPoniatowski was involved in Commonwealth politics, and was a prominent member of the Familia, a faction led by the Czartoryski family. On a number of occasions he was in service of Stanis\u0142aw I Leszczy\u0144ski, the principal rival of Augustus II for the throne of Poland. Having served under Leszczy\u0144ski as a military officer and envoy during the Great Northern War, Poniatowski later embraced the Russian-supported Augustus. Subsequently, during the War of the Polish Succession, he returned, with the majority of the Familia, to his earlier allegiance. He later effected a reconciliation with Augustus III, and eventually became one of the new king's chief advisors.\nPoniatowski's fifth son, Stanis\u0142aw August Poniatowski, reigned as the last king of Poland from 1764 until 1795, when he abdicated as a result of the Third Partition of Poland by the Russia, the Prussia, and the Austria. His grandson, Prince J\u00f3zef Antoni Poniatowski, was a Polish general and later a Marshal of the First French Empire, serving under Napoleon I.", "Q16611574": "A reform movement is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals in the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or religious concepts. Some rely on personal transformation; others rely on small collectives, such as Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel and the self-sustaining village economy, as a mode of social change. Reactionary movements, which can arise against any of these, attempt to put things back the way they were before any successes the new reform movement(s) enjoyed, or to prevent any such successes.", "Q4671": "Matthew Kneale (born 24 November 1960) is a British writer, best known for his 2000 novel English Passengers.", "Q2383648": "Guy Stair Sainty, KC*SG (born 7 December 1950) is a British art dealer and author on nobility, royal genealogy, and heraldry.", "Q432943": "The Marathon Family (Serbian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 / Maratonci tr\u010de po\u010dasni krug, lit. Marathon Runners Do a Lap of Honour, or often simply Maratonci, lit. The Marathon Runners) is a 1982 Yugoslav black comedy film written by Du\u0161an Kova\u010devi\u0107 and directed by Serbian director Slobodan \u0160ijan. It has become a cult film in Serbia and other countries from the former Yugoslavia region and is regarded as one of the classics of Yugoslav Serbian cinematography.", "Q219": "Bulgaria ( (listen); Bulgarian: \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, romanized: Balgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, romanized: Republika Balgariya, IPA: [r\u025b\u02c8publik\u0250 b\u0250\u026b\u02c8\u0261arij\u0250]), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. The capital and largest city is Sofia; other major cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's sixteenth-largest country.\nOne of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture, which dates back to 6,500 BC. In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for Thracians, Persians, Celts and ancient Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45. The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire lost some of these territories to an invading Bulgar horde in the late 7th century. The Bulgars founded the First Bulgarian Empire in AD 681, which dominated most of the Balkans and significantly influenced Slavic cultures by developing the Cyrillic script. This state lasted until the early 11th century, when Byzantine emperor Basil II conquered and dismantled it. A successful Bulgarian revolt in 1185 established a Second Bulgarian Empire, which reached its apex under Ivan Asen II (1218\u20131241). After numerous exhausting wars and feudal strife, the Second Bulgarian Empire disintegrated in 1396 and its territories fell under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries.\nThe Russo-Turkish War of 1877\u201378 resulted in the formation of the current Third Bulgarian State. Many ethnic Bulgarian populations were left outside its borders, which led to several conflicts with its neighbours and an alliance with Germany in both world wars. In 1946 Bulgaria became a one-party socialist state and part of the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc. The ruling Communist Party gave up its monopoly on power after the revolutions of 1989 and allowed multi-party elections. Bulgaria then transitioned into a democracy and a market-based economy.\nSince adopting a democratic constitution in 1991, the sovereign state has been a unitary parliamentary republic with a high degree of political, administrative, and economic centralisation. The population of seven million resides mainly in Sofia and the capital cities of the 27 provinces. The population has declined since the late 1980s.\nBulgaria is a member of the European Union, NATO, and the Council of Europe; it is a founding state of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and has taken a seat on the UN Security Council three times. Its market economy is part of the European Single Market and mostly relies on services, followed by industry\u2014especially machine building and mining\u2014and agriculture. Bulgaria is a developing country and ranks 52nd in the Human Development Index, the lowest development rank in the European Union alongside Romania. Widespread corruption is a major socioeconomic issue; it ranked as the most corrupt country in the European Union in 2018.", "Q2165407": "Ronald Sylvester Barber (born August 25, 1945) is an American politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 2012 to 2015. Barber, a member of the Democratic Party from Arizona, served as district director for U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords before Giffords resigned her seat due to the severe injuries she sustained in an assassination attempt, during which Barber was also injured. He won the Democratic nomination for the special election to finish Giffords's term and was sworn into office on June 19, 2012.In the 2012 general election, he was elected to a full term. His district\u2014numbered as the 8th district in 2012, and as the 2nd district since 2013\u2014includes the eastern two-thirds of Tucson, as well as the southeastern corner of Arizona. Barber lost his 2014 re-election bid to Martha McSally by 167 votes.", "Q118385": "Henry Ries (September 22, 1917 \u2013 May 24, 2004) was a photographer who worked for New York Times. His most famous photo was of \"The Berlin Air Lift\" which was later made into a U.S. Postage Stamp commemorative.\n\nRies was born in Berlin and grew up in Germany, but sensed the impending doom of Hitler's political style and, as a Jew, emigrated to the United States in 1937. Immigration officials in New York sent him back to the Third Reich because of technical problems with his papers. Ries was permitted to enter America in January 1938, having crossed the Atlantic twice to do so.When America entered World War II, Ries immediately joined the army and fought in the Asian Theater, humorously pointing out that he served in Asia due to his \"good German\" skills. He was stationed in India with an aerial reconnaissance unit. After the war, in August 1945, Ries, still a soldier, returned to Berlin. He soon resigned from the army in order to work for the OMGUS Observer as a photojournalist. Two years later, he begin to work for The New York Times as a European photographer, photographing many of the scenes of destroyed post-war Germany including the destruction and Berlin blockade which have become iconic images. In 1951, Ries returned to the US and eventually turned to commercial photography. In 1955, he opened his own studio in Manhattan.\nWhen he returned to Berlin in 1945, he pronounced the city forever changed. In his book, Abschied meiner Generation, he said, \"Seeing all this devastation and desperation, confronted with hunger and fear, cripples and black-marketers \u2013 and with no Nazi in sight anywhere \u2013 I realized how fundamentally the seven years between emigration and occupation had changed Germany's exterior and my own interior.\"\nDuring his time with the Times, he met and photographed the famous and the infamous, such as artists Pablo Picasso and Pablo Casals, as well as Spanish General Francisco Franco.\nIn 2003 he was awarded Germany's Officer Cross of the Order of Merit, the highest award for citizens of other countries.", "Q75805": "Hans Baumann (22 April 1914 \u2013 7 November 1988) was a German poet, songwriter, literary translator and author of children's books.", "Q1077221": "Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas is a 2011 computer animated television special and part of the Ice Age franchise, produced by Blue Sky Studios and directed by Karen Disher. It premiered on November 24, 2011 on Fox in the United States and in the United Kingdom at Christmas on Channel 4 and E4 and it was released 2 days later to DVD and Blu-ray. This Christmas special takes place between Dawn of the Dinosaurs and Continental Drift.\nDespite being produced by Blue Sky Studios, the film's animation was actually done by some animators at Blue Sky and mainly by the Los Angeles/Dallas based special effects and animation company, Reel FX Creative Studios.", "Q254645": "Tawny Cypress (born August 8, 1976) is an American actress of Indigenous Accawmacke Indian Ancestry. She has appeared in various television and stage plays. She starred as Cherie Rollins-Murray on the television series Unforgettable, on the second and third seasons. She previously had recurring roles on several TV series, including Fox's drama K-Ville as Ginger \"Love Tap\" LeBeau, Simone Deveaux on the TV series Heroes, and Carly Heath on House of Cards.\nHer mother is of Hungarian and German extraction and her father is a full blood Indigenous Accawmacke Indian. Tawny Cypress was born and raised in Point Pleasant, New Jersey and now lives in New York City.", "Q4647767": "Alexis Felix du Pont Sr. (April 14, 1879 \u2013 June 29, 1948) was a member of the American du Pont family who served as a vice president and director of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. and a philanthropist who helped found St. Andrew's School in Middletown, Delaware.", "Q130409": "U2360\u00b0 at the Rose Bowl is a 2010 concert film by Irish rock band U2. It was shot on 25 October 2009 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, during the band's U2 360\u00b0 Tour. The Rose Bowl concert featured a sold-out crowd of 97,014 people, breaking the US record for single concert attendance for one headline act. It was live streamed over the Internet via YouTube, and was later released on DVD and Blu-ray on 3 June 2010 in the United States, 7 June in the United Kingdom, and 8 June in Canada.", "Q1579951": "Philipp Manuel Fankhauser (born February 20, 1964 in Thun, Switzerland) is a Swiss blues musician and songwriter. Several of his albums have charted in the top ten of the Swiss Hitparade, such as Love Man Riding, which peaked at No. 7, Home, which peaked at No. 2,Try My Love, which peaked at No. 3, and the collaborative live album Unplugged - Live At M\u00fchle Hunziken with Margie Evans, which peaked at No. 4.\n\n", "Q1239684": "Donald Alan Thomas, Ph.D. (born May 6, 1955) is an American engineer and a former NASA astronaut.", "Q64908": "Mutten (Romansh: Mut) is a former municipality in the Viamala Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018 the former municipality of Mutten merged into the municipality of Thusis.", "Q96546": "Heinz Winkler (7 July 1910 \u2013 25 June 1958) was an East German Christian Democratic politician.\nWinkler was born in Chemnitz, Saxony. He was trained as an architect. In 1938 he joined the Nazi Party. From 1941 to 1945 he was a Wehrmacht soldier. After the war he joined the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) in the Soviet Occupation Zone in 1945. Until 1953 Winkler was the leader of a reconstruction bureau, responsible for the reconstruction of the city of Chemnitz.\nFrom 1953 to 1958 Winkler was the head of the architectural bureau that designed Stalinstadt. \nFrom 1954 Winkler was a member of the Executive Committee of the CDU and since 1956 a member of the Presidium of the CDU. \nWinkler died after a car accident.", "Q723148": "Cheryl Lea Bustos (n\u00e9e Callahan; born October 17, 1961) is an American journalist, healthcare executive, and politician who has served as the U.S. Representative for Illinois's 17th congressional district since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, Bustos is the first woman elected to Congress from her district. In 2019, Bustos assumed a leadership position among House Democrats as chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee.Previously elected to the East Moline City Council in 2007, she defeated Republican incumbent Bobby Schilling in the 2012 congressional election and a subsequent 2014 rematch. Assigned to the House Committee on Agriculture and Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, she represents a northwest Illinois constituency anchored by the Illinois side of the Quad Cities, and also includes parts of Peoria and Rockford. As of the 2016 elections, Bustos and U.S. Senator Dick Durbin are the only Democrats in the Illinois Congressional Delegation who are not from the Chicago area.", "Q300566": "A Sound of Thunder is a 2005 science fiction thriller film directed by Peter Hyams and starring Edward Burns, Catherine McCormack and Ben Kingsley. It is a co-production film between the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, and the Czech Republic.The film is based on the short story of the same name by Ray Bradbury. It is about \"time tourists\" who accidentally interfere too much with the past, completely altering the present. It failed at the box office, earning $11 million against a production budget of $80 million. It received negative reviews from critics.", "Q505645": "Haim Michael Revivo (Hebrew: \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d9\u05db\u05d0\u05dc \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5; born 22 February 1972) is a retired Israeli football player who played as a midfielder, and a businessman.", "Q1709": "Schwerin ([\u0283v\u025b\u02c8\u0281i\u02d0n] or [\u0283v\u0259\u02c8\u0281i\u02d0n]; Mecklenburgian: Swerin) is the capital and second-largest city of the northeastern German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It has a population of about 100,000.Schwerin was first mentioned in 1018 as Wendenburg and was granted city rights in 1160 by Henry the Lion, thus it is the oldest city of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It is globally known for its romantic Schwerin Palace, situated on an island in Lake Schwerin. The palace was one of the main residences of the dukes and grand dukes of Mecklenburg until 1918 and is the official seat of the state parliament since 1990. The city also has a largely intact old town, thanks to only minor damage in World War II.\nSchwerin is located within the Hamburg Metropolitan Region and close to Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, and to nearby regiopolises of Rostock and L\u00fcbeck. Major industries and employers include high technology, machine building, healthcare, government agencies, railway supply, consumer goods and tourism. Schwerin has three academic colleges, the FHM, HdBA and the Design School.", "Q121504": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Kodet (6 December 1937 in Prague - 25 June 2005 in Prague) was a Czech actor. He appeared in more than ninety films between 1951 and 2003. His mother Ji\u0159ina Steimarov\u00e1 and his daughter Barbora Kodetov\u00e1 are also actresses.", "Q447304": "Rex Joseph Walheim (born October 10, 1962) is a retired United States Air Force officer, engineer and NASA astronaut. He flew three space shuttle missions, STS-110, STS-122, and STS-135. Walheim logged over 566 hours in space, including 36 hours and 23 minutes of spacewalk (EVA) time. He was assigned as mission specialist and flight engineer on STS-135, the final space shuttle mission.", "Q52262": "Bi\u00e8re is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Morges.", "Q34681": "William Shippen Sr. (October 1, 1712 \u2013 November 4, 1801) was an American physician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was also a civic and educational leader who represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress.", "Q349166": "Ben \"Son\" Johnson Jr. (June 13, 1918 \u2013 April 8, 1996) was an American stuntman, world champion rodeo cowboy, and Academy Award-winning actor. The son of a rancher, Johnson arrived in Hollywood to deliver a consignment of horses for a film. He did stunt-double work for several years before breaking into acting with the help of John Ford. Tall and laconic, Johnson brought authenticity to many roles in Westerns with his expert horsemanship. An elegiac portrayal of a former cowboy theater owner in the 1950s coming-of-age drama, The Last Picture Show, won Johnson the 1971 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor. He operated a horse-breeding ranch throughout his career. Although he said he had succeeded by sticking to what he knew, shrewd real estate investments made Johnson worth an estimated $100 million by his latter years.", "Q669733": "Charles Rappoport (14 June 1865 \u2013 17 November 1941) was a Russian-born French militant communist politician, journalist and writer. A Jewish intellectual, and a multilingual scholar, he's been referred to as \"a grand man of French radicalism\".", "Q117908": "Hans Gm\u00fcr (1 February 1927 \u2013 15 April 2004) was a Swiss-German theatre author, director, composer and producer.\nHe was born in Chur, Switzerland, and graduated from the University of Z\u00fcrich. Among others, Gm\u00fcr wrote farces and comedies starring popular Swiss actors like Walter Andreas M\u00fcller for the Bernhard-Theater Z\u00fcrich.He died of complications of a back operation at Paraplegikerzentrum Nottwil in Nottwil, Switzerland. He leaves his wife, Erna, to whom he was married for 50 years.", "Q90889": "Paul Daniel Longolius (1 November 1704 \u2013 24 February 1779) was the main editor of volumes 3 to 18 of Johann Heinrich Zedler's Grosses vollst\u00e4ndiges Universal-Lexicon (an early encyclopedia) from 1733 to 1739, replacing Jacob August Franckenstein, who had edited the first two volumes. His successor was Carl G\u00fcnther Ludovici.\nHe was born in Dresden and died in Hof.", "Q610596": "Guy Stewart Callendar (; February 1898 \u2013 October 1964) was an English steam engineer and inventor. His main contribution to knowledge was developing the theory that linked rising carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere to global temperature. This theory, earlier proposed by Svante Arrhenius, has been called the Callendar effect. Callendar thought this warming would be beneficial, delaying a \"return of the deadly glaciers.\"", "Q713935": "Rune Elmqvist (1906\u20131996) developed the first implantable pacemaker in 1958, working under the direction of \u00c5ke Senning, senior physician and cardiac surgeon at the Karolinska University Hospital in Solna, Sweden.\nElmqvist initially worked as a medical doctor (having trained in Lund), but later worked as an engineer and inventor.\nIn 1948, he developed the first inkjet ECG printer which he called the mingograph while working at Elema-Sch\u00f6nander, a company which later became Siemens-Elema. In 1957, he received an honorary doctorate.\nIn 1960, he became Head of Development at Elema-Sch\u00f6nander. Siemens-Elema's pacemaker operations were sold to the American company Pacesetter Systems in 1994, which was subsequently sold to St Jude Medical.", "Q43409": "The Klein Furkahorn (3,026 m) is a mountain of the Urner Alps, overlooking the Furka Pass on the border between the Swiss cantons of Valais and Uri. It lies near the southern end of the Galenstock-Gross Furkahorn chain, east of the Rhone Glacier.\nFrom the Furka Pass a trail leads to its summit.", "Q495524": "Ballad of a Shinigami (\u3057\u306b\u304c\u307f\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30c3\u30c9\u3002, Shinigami no Baraddo.), subtitled Momo: The Girl God of Death, is a Japanese light novel series written by K-Ske Hasegawa, with illustrations by Nanakusa. The series includes twelve novels released between June 10, 2003 and April 10, 2009, published by ASCII Media Works under their Dengeki Bunko imprint. The novels were licensed by Seven Seas Entertainment for release in English with the first novel released in March 2008. The series revolves around Momo, a shinigami, and her familiar Daniel, a talking black cat, as they interfere with the world of the living.\nA radio drama of the series aired on ASCII Media Works' Dengeki Taish\u014d radio program between April and May 2005, and the recordings were collected into a drama CD released in June 2005. A manga adaptation by Asuka Izumi was serialized in Hakusensha's sh\u014djo manga magazines LaLa and LaLa DX between May 2005 and February 2007. A six-episode anime adaptation of the series produced by Group TAC aired between March and April 2006 on WOWOW satellite TV. Lastly, a TV drama which aired on TV Tokyo was produced between January and March 2007, containing twelve episodes.", "Q319751": "Keith Noel Emerson (2 November 1944 \u2013 11 March 2016) was an English keyboardist, songwriter, and composer. He played keyboards in a number of bands before finding his first commercial success with the Nice in the late 1960s. He became internationally famous for his work with the Nice, which included writing rock arrangements of classical music. After leaving the Nice in 1970, he was a founding member of Emerson, Lake & Palmer (ELP), one of the early progressive rock supergroups. Emerson, Lake & Palmer were commercially successful through much of the 1970s, becoming one of the best-known progressive rock groups of the era. Emerson wrote and arranged much of ELP's music on albums such as Tarkus (1971) and Brain Salad Surgery (1973), combining his own original compositions with classical or traditional pieces adapted into a rock format.Following ELP's break-up at the end of the 1970s, Emerson pursued a solo career, composed several film soundtracks, and formed the bands Emerson, Lake & Powell and 3 to carry on in the style of ELP. In the early 1990s, Emerson rejoined ELP, which reunited for two more albums and several tours before breaking up again in the late 1990s. Emerson also reunited the Nice in 2002 for a tour.During the 2000s, Emerson resumed his solo career, including touring with his own Keith Emerson Band featuring guitarist Marc Bonilla and collaborating with several orchestras. He reunited with ELP bandmate Greg Lake in 2010 for a duo tour, culminating in a one-off ELP reunion show in London to celebrate the band's 40th anniversary. Emerson's last album, The Three Fates Project, with Marc Bonilla and Terje Mikkelsen, was released in 2012. Emerson reportedly suffered from depression and alcoholism, and in his later years developed nerve damage that hampered his playing, making him anxious about upcoming performances. He killed himself on 11 March 2016 at his home in Santa Monica, California.Emerson was widely regarded as one of the top keyboard players of the progressive rock era. AllMusic describes Emerson as \"perhaps the greatest, most technically accomplished keyboardist in rock history\".", "Q44366": "Kim Jiha (Korean: \uae40\uc9c0\ud558; 1941-) is a Korean poet and playwright.", "Q3837616": "Louis Rossetto is an Italian-American writer, editor, and entrepreneur. He is best known as the founder and former editor-in-chief / publisher of Wired magazine. He was also the first investor and the former CEO of TCHO chocolate company.\n\n", "Q400729": "Dr. Ahmad Sa'd (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f\u200e, Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d7\u05de\u05d3 \u05e1\u05e2\u05d3; 25 November 1945 \u2013 20 April 2010) was an Israeli Arab journalist and politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for Hadash between 1996 and 1999 and as editor of the Al-Ittihad newspaper.", "Q1819392": "Leonid Kinskey (c. 1894or 18 April 1903 \u2013 8 September 1998) was a Russian-German-American film and television actor who enjoyed a long career. Kinskey is best known for his role as Sascha in the film Casablanca (1942). His last name was sometimes spelled Kinsky.", "Q924216": "Vivian Carol Sobchack is an American cinema and media theorist and cultural critic.\nSobchack's work on science fiction films and phenomenology of film is perhaps her most recognized. She is a prolific writer and has authored numerous books and articles across a diverse range of subjects; from historiography to film noir to work on documentary film, new media, and film feminism. Her work has been featured in such publications as Film Comment and Camera Obscura. She is the author and editor of many books on film and media.", "Q93358": "Oradea (UK: , US: , Romanian: [o\u02c8rade\u032fa]; German: Gro\u00dfwardein [\u02cc\u0261\u0281o\u02d0sva\u0250\u032f\u02c8da\u026an]; Hungarian: Nagyv\u00e1rad [\u02c8n\u0252\u025fva\u02d0r\u0252d], colloquially also V\u00e1rad; former Turkish: Varat; Yiddish: \u05d2\u05e8\u05d5\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05d5\u05d0\u05e8\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05df\u200e, romanized: Groysvardeyn) is the capital city of Bihor County and Cri\u0219ana region and one of the most important economic, social and cultural centers in the western part of Romania. The city is located in the north-west of the country, nestled between hills on the Cri\u0219ana plain, on the banks of the Cri\u0219ul Repede River, that divides the city into almost equal halves.\nLocated about 10 km (6.2 mi) from Bor\u0219, one of the most important crossing points on Romania's border with Hungary, Oradea ranks tenth in size among Romanian cities. It covers an area of 11,556 hectares (28,560 acres), in an area of contact between the extensions of the Apuseni Mountains and the Cri\u0219ana-Banat extended plain.\nOradea enjoys a high standard of living relative to other Romanian cities and ranks among the most livable cities in the country. The city is also a strong industrial center in the region, hosting some of Romania's largest companies. Besides its status as an economic hub, Oradea boasts a rich Art Nouveau architectural heritage and is a member of the R\u00e9seau Art Nouveau Network.\n\n", "Q726756": "Carol Susan Jane Danvers is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Roy Thomas and artist Gene Colan, Danvers first appeared as an officer in the United States Air Force and a colleague of the Kree superhero Mar-Vell in Marvel Super-Heroes #13 (March 1968). Danvers later became the first incarnation of Ms. Marvel in Ms. Marvel #1 (cover-dated Jan. 1977) after her DNA was fused with Mar-Vell's during an explosion, giving her superhuman powers. Debuting in the Silver Age of comics, the character was featured in a self-titled series in the late 1970s before becoming associated with the superhero teams the Avengers and the X-Men. The character has also been known as Binary, Warbird and Captain Marvel at various points in her history. Danvers has been labeled as Marvel's most notable female hero, and frequently touted as one of the most powerful characters in the franchise.Carol Danvers has been featured in other Marvel licensed products including video games, animated television series, and merchandise such as trading cards. Brie Larson portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe in the films Captain Marvel (2019) and Avengers: Endgame (2019).", "Q507734": "Camilo Wong \"Chino\" Moreno (born June 20, 1973) is an American singer, songwriter and musician who is best known as the lead vocalist and contributing guitarist of Deftones. He is also a member of the side-project groups Team Sleep, Crosses, Saudade and Palms.\nMoreno is well known for his distinctive screams, as well as his soothing and dramatic tenor voice while singing melodically. In 2007, he was placed at number 51 in Hit Parader's \"Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time\".", "Q3482430": "Shobhana Bhartia (born 1957) is an Indian businesswoman. She is the chairperson and editorial director of the Hindustan Times Group, one of India's Largest newspaper and media houses, which she inherited from her father. She has also recently taken charge as the Pro Chancellor of Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (founded by her grandfather) and is the current chairperson of Endeavor India. Closely associated with the Congress party, Shobhana served as a nominated member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper chamber of the Indian parliament from 2006 to 2012. In 2016, she was listed as the 93rd most powerful woman by Forbes\n\n", "Q305378": "Solid State Records is a Christian record label, an imprint of Tooth & Nail Records. Unlike Tooth & Nail, Solid State signs hardcore punk and heavy metal bands. Like Tooth & Nail, Solid State is primarily a Christian label. However, they have signed several bands with Christian members that don't label themselves as Christian bands, including Stretch Arm Strong, Gwen Stacy, He Is Legend, the Famine, Training for Utopia, and the Agony Scene.", "Q551572": "Charles Th\u00e9odore Eug\u00e8ne Duclerc (French: [\u0283a\u0281l dykl\u025b\u0281]; 7 August 1812, Bagn\u00e8res-de-Bigorre \u2013 29 January 1888) was a French journalist and politician of the Third Republic. He was a member of the editorial board of the National newspaper. Duclerc served as Minister of Finance from May through June in the Provisional government of France. Later served as prime minister from 1882 to 1883 in the third Republic.\nDuclerc was born in Bagn\u00e8res-de-Bigorre and he died in Paris.", "Q922667": "James Mayer de Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild (15 May 1792 \u2013 15 November 1868), born Jakob Mayer Rothschild, was a German-French banker and the founder of the French branch of the Rothschild family.", "Q95729": "William of Hirsau (or Wilhelm von Hirschau) (c. 1030 \u2013 5 July 1091) was a Benedictine abbot and monastic reformer. He was abbot of Hirsau Abbey, for whom he created the Constitutiones Hirsaugienses, based on the uses of Cluny, and was the father of the Hirsau Reforms, which influenced many Benedictine monasteries in Germany. He supported the papacy in the Investiture Controversy. In the Roman Catholic Church, he is a Blessed, the second of three steps toward recognition as a saint.", "Q547310": "Art LaFleur (born September 9, 1943) is an American character actor.", "Q200572": "I, Robot (stylized as i,robot) is a 2004 American science fiction action film directed by Alex Proyas. The screenplay by Jeff Vintar and Akiva Goldsman is from a screen story by Vintar, based on his original screenplay \"Hardwired\", and suggested by Isaac Asimov's short-story collection of the same name. The film stars Will Smith, Bridget Moynahan, Bruce Greenwood, James Cromwell, Chi McBride, and Alan Tudyk.\nI, Robot was released in North America on July 16, 2004, in Australia on July 22, 2004, in the United Kingdom on August 6, 2004 and in other countries between July 2004 to October 2004. Produced with a budget of $120 million, the film grossed $144 million domestically and $202 million in foreign markets for a worldwide total of $346 million. It received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for the visual effects and acting but criticism of the plot. At the 77th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for Best Visual Effects.", "Q399637": "Haruna Kojima (\u5c0f\u5d8b \u967d\u83dc, Kojima Haruna, born April 19, 1988 in Urawa-ku, Saitama, Saitama Prefecture) is a Japanese actress, singer, and was a member of idol group AKB48 under Team A. She graduated from the group on April 19, 2017.", "Q435792": "Seymour Myron \"Sy\" Hersh (born April 8, 1937) is an American investigative journalist and political writer. He is a longtime contributor to The New Yorker magazine on national security matters and has also written for the London Review of Books since 2013.Hersh first gained recognition in 1969 for exposing the My Lai Massacre and its cover-up during the Vietnam War, for which he received the 1970 Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting. During the 1970s, Hersh covered the Watergate scandal for The New York Times and revealed the clandestine bombing of Cambodia. In 2004, he reported on the U.S. military's mistreatment of detainees at Abu Ghraib prison. He has also won two National Magazine Awards and five George Polk Awards. In 2004, he received the George Orwell Award.In recent years, Hersh has accused the Obama administration of lying about the death of Osama bin Laden and disputed the claim that the Assad regime used chemical weapons on civilians in the Syrian Civil War. Both assertions have stirred controversy.", "Q37388": "Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, (; 22 January 1561 \u2013 9 April 1626), also known as Lord Verulam, was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and as Lord Chancellor of England. His works are credited with developing the scientific method and remained influential through the scientific revolution.Bacon has been called the father of empiricism. His works argued for the possibility of scientific knowledge based only upon inductive reasoning and careful observation of events in nature. Most importantly, he argued science could be achieved by use of a sceptical and methodical approach whereby scientists aim to avoid misleading themselves. Although his practical ideas about such a method, the Baconian method, did not have a long-lasting influence, the general idea of the importance and possibility of a sceptical methodology makes Bacon the father of the scientific method. This method was a new rhetorical and theoretical framework for science, the practical details of which are still central in debates about science and methodology.\nFrancis Bacon was a patron of libraries and developed a functional system for the cataloging of books by dividing them into three categories\u2014history, poetry, and philosophy\u2014which could further be divided into more specific subjects and subheadings. Bacon was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he rigorously followed the medieval curriculum, largely in Latin.\nBacon was the first recipient of the Queen's counsel designation, which was conferred in 1597 when Elizabeth I of England reserved Bacon as her legal advisor. After the accession of James VI and I in 1603, Bacon was knighted. He was later created Baron Verulam in 1618 and Viscount St. Alban in 1621.Because he had no heirs, both titles became extinct upon his death in 1626, at 65 years. Bacon died of pneumonia, with one account by John Aubrey stating that he had contracted the condition while studying the effects of freezing on the preservation of meat. He is buried at St Michael's Church, St Albans, Hertfordshire.", "Q241248": "Ferit Orhan Pamuk (born 7 June 1952) is a Turkish novelist, screenwriter, academic and recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. One of Turkey's most prominent novelists, his work has sold over thirteen million books in sixty-three languages, making him the country's best-selling writer.Pamuk is the author of novels including Silent House, The White Castle, The Black Book, The New Life, My Name Is Red, Snow, The Museum of Innocence, A Strangeness in My Mind, and The Red-Haired Woman. He is the Robert Yik-Fong Tam Professor in the Humanities at Columbia University, where he teaches writing and comparative literature. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2018.Of partial Circassian descent and born in Istanbul, Pamuk is the first Turkish Nobel laureate. He is also the recipient of numerous other literary awards. My Name Is Red won the 2002 Prix du Meilleur Livre \u00c9tranger, 2002 Premio Grinzane Cavour and 2003 International Dublin Literary Award.\nThe European Writers' Parliament came about as a result of a joint proposal by Pamuk and Jos\u00e9 Saramago. In 2005, the ultra-nationalist lawyer Kemal Kerin\u00e7siz sued Pamuk over his statement regarding the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire. His intention, according to Pamuk himself, had been to highlight issues relating to freedom of speech in the country of his birth. The court initially declined to hear the case, but in 2011 Pamuk was ordered to pay 6,000 liras in total compensation for having insulted the plaintiffs' honor.", "Q1139628": "Ryan Frank Cabrera (born July 18, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter and musician.\nCabrera began as a lead singer for the Dallas band Rubix Groove before pursuing his solo career. Following the 2001 release of independent album Elm St., he released his first major-label album, Take It All Away, on August 17, 2004. Earlier in the year, Cabrera had become known for his up-tempo pop-rock single \"On the Way Down\". \"On the Way Down\" was then followed by Cabrera's second single, \"True\"; and his third single \"40 Kinds of Sadness\".", "Q152298": "Gherman Stepanovich Titov (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432; 11 September 1935 \u2013 20 September 2000) was a Soviet cosmonaut who, on 6 August 1961, became the second human to orbit the Earth, aboard Vostok 2, preceded by Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1. He was the fourth person in space, counting suborbital voyages of US astronauts Alan Shepard and Gus Grissom.\nTitov's flight finally proved that humans could live and work in space. He was the first person to orbit the Earth multiple times (a total of 17), the first to pilot a spaceship and to spend more than a day in space. He was also the first to sleep in orbit and to suffer from space sickness (becoming the first person to vomit in space).Titov made the first manual photographs from orbit, thus setting a record for modern space photography. He also was the first person to film the Earth using a professional quality Konvas-Avtomat movie camera, which he used for ten minutes. A month short of 26 years old at launch, he remains the youngest person to fly in space.In his subsequent life Titov continued to work for the Soviet space program, and played a major role in the Spiral project where he trained to become the first pilot of an orbital spaceplane. However, after the death of Yuri Gagarin in a military aircraft accident in 1968, the Soviet government decided it could not afford to lose its second cosmonaut, and so Titov's career as test pilot ended.\nTitov served in the Soviet Air Force, attaining the rank of colonel-general. In his final years in post-Soviet Russia he became a Communist politician. Despite having been chosen second, after Gagarin, to fly into space, it was Titov who later proposed the Soviet Government regularly celebrate Cosmonautics Day on April 12, the day of Gagarin's flight.", "Q19061": "William Painter (or Paynter, c. 1540 \u2013 mid-February 1595 in London) was an English author and translator. As a clerk of the Ordnance in the Tower of London, he was accused of fraud aimed at amassing a personal fortune at public expense.", "Q302403": "Callas Forever is a 2002 biographical film directed by Franco Zeffirelli, who co-wrote the screenplay with Martin Sherman. It is an homage to Zeffirelli's friend, internationally acclaimed opera diva Maria Callas, whom he directed on stage in Norma, La traviata, and Tosca. It was his last film before his death in 2019.", "Q1395208": "Senor Abravanel , known professionally as Silvio Santos (born December 12, 1930), is a Brazilian entrepreneur, media tycoon and television host. He is the owner of holdings that include SBT, the second largest television network in the country. His net worth was US$1.3 billion in 2013. He is the presenter of the second oldest Brazilian program: Programa Silvio Santos (1963\u2013present).\nHe is also the only celebrity in the country on the list of billionaires by Forbes magazine. The magazine also states that \"there is no one more famous than Silvio Santos in Brazil.", "Q1376193": "Sir John Brian Pendry, FRS FInstP (born 4 July 1943) is an English theoretical physicist known for his research into refractive indices and creation of the first practical \"Invisibility Cloak\". He is a professor of theoretical solid state physics at Imperial College London where he was head of the department of physics (1998\u20132001) and principal of the faculty of physical sciences (2001\u20132002). He is an honorary fellow of Downing College, Cambridge, (where he was an undergraduate) and an IEEE fellow. He received the Kavli Prize in Nanoscience \"for transformative contributions to the field of nano-optics that have broken long-held beliefs about the limitations of the resolution limits of optical microscopy and imaging.\", together with Stefan Hell, and Thomas Ebbesen, in 2014.", "Q270081": "Ashley Diane Crow (born August 25, 1960) is an American actress. She is best known for her role of Sandra Bennet on the television show Heroes.", "Q312610": "Salvatore, Knight Adamo (born 1 November 1943) is a Belgian singer and composer, who is known for his romantic ballads. Adamo was born in Italy and grew up from the age of three in Belgium. He holds dual citizenship of Belgium and Italy. \nHe first gained popularity throughout Europe and later in the Middle East, Latin America, Japan, and the United States. He has sold more than 80 million albums and 20 million singles making him one of the most commercially successful musicians in the world. He mainly performs in French but has also sung in Italian, Dutch, English, German, Spanish, Japanese, and Turkish. \"Tombe la neige\", \"La nuit\", and \"Inch'Allah\" remain his best known songs. He is currently the best selling Belgian musician of all time.", "Q57468": "Admiral of the Fleet Louis Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, (24 May 1854 \u2013 11 September 1921), formerly Prince Louis Alexander of Battenberg, was a British naval officer and German prince related to the British royal family.\nAlthough born in Austria, and brought up in Italy and Germany, he enrolled in the United Kingdom's Royal Navy at the age of fourteen. Queen Victoria and her son King Edward VII, while he was Prince of Wales, occasionally intervened in his career: the Queen thought that there was \"a belief that the Admiralty are afraid of promoting Officers who are Princes on account of the radical attacks of low papers and scurrilous ones\". However, Louis welcomed assignments that provided opportunities for him to acquire the skills of war and to demonstrate to his superiors that he was serious about his naval career. Posts on royal yachts and tours arranged by the Queen and Edward actually impeded his progress, as his promotions were perceived as undeserved royal favours.After a naval career lasting more than forty years, in 1912 he was appointed First Sea Lord, the professional head of the British naval service. With the First World War looming, he took steps to ready the British fleet for combat, but his background as a German prince forced his retirement once the war began, when anti-German sentiment was running high. He changed his name and relinquished his German titles, at the behest of King George V, in 1917.\nHe married a granddaughter of Queen Victoria, and was the father of Queen Louise of Sweden and Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, who also served as First Sea Lord from 1954 to 1959. He is the maternal grandfather of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, husband of Queen Elizabeth II.", "Q830505": "Guy Tillim (born 1962) is a South African photographer known for his work focusing on troubled regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. His photographs and projects have been exhibited internationally and form the basis of several of Tillim's published books.\nA member of the country's white minority, Tillim was born in Johannesburg in 1962. He first became professionally involved in photography as a photojournalist in 1986, working with the Afrapix collective, a group of South African documentary photographers providing a unique conduit of photography to world media during apartheid. During much of this time he worked as a freelance photographer for both local and foreign media, including Reuters (1986 to 1988) and Agence France Press (1993 to 1994).The website African Success has described him as one of South Africa's \"foremost photographers\", whilst the Daily Maverick site has referred to him as \"arguably SA's finest photographer\" after David Goldblatt.", "Q59445": "John Gregg Utterback (July 12, 1872 \u2013 July 11, 1955) was a U.S. Representative from Maine, and a cousin of Congressman Hubert Utterback.", "Q200566": "Jacoba Francisca Maria \"Cobie\" Smulders (born April 3, 1982) is a Canadian actress and model. She is best known for starring as Robin Scherbatsky in the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother (2005\u20132014) and as S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Maria Hill in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with The Avengers (2012). She currently plays the lead in crime drama Stumptown (2019).", "Q49656": "Benjamin Mako Hill (born December 2, 1980) is a free software activist, hacker, and author. He is a contributor and free software developer as part of the Debian and Ubuntu projects as well as the co-author of three technical manuals on the subject, Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 Bible, The Official Ubuntu Server Book, and The Official Ubuntu Book.\nHill is an assistant professor in Communication at the University of Washington, and serves as a member of the Free Software Foundation board of directors.", "Q92052": "Emma Tiger Schweiger (born 26 October 2002), is a German child actress. She is known for having played the role of Cheyenne Blue in the 2007 film Keinohrhasen and its 2009 sequel Zweiohrk\u00fcken and the role of Magdalena in Kokow\u00e4\u00e4h and its 2013 sequel Kokow\u00e4\u00e4h 2, all directed by her father Til Schweiger.", "Q14545": "Doppleschwand is a municipality in the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q430826": "Fabrika (Russian: \u0424\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430; Factory in English) is a Russian pop girl group from Moscow.\nThe group was formed from four girls who took part in the first season of the Russian talent show Star Factory in 2002 named Irina Toneva, Sati Kazanova, Alexandra Savelieva and Maria Alalykina. Igor Matvienko, the project's director, became Fabrika's producer. Fabrika finished second in the show, losing only to the boy band Korni. After the shooting of the group's first video, Maria Alalykina left Fabrika to complete her studies in university.\nOn November 5, 2003 Fabrika released their first album Devushki Fabrichnye (Russian: \u0414\u0435\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435). This was followed on 25 December 2008 by a second album entitled My Takie Raznye (Russian: \u041c\u044b \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435).\nA third album is planned, but will not be released until at least 2011.On 13 January 2008 Fabrika performed at the Russian Winter Festival in London, England, along with other artists such as Dima Bilan. The group has also performed at concerts in Dubai and China, as well as across Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States.\nWhile Fabrika mostly sing in Russian, they have sung songs either partially or wholly in English, French, Italian and Kabardian.", "Q669727": "The Arpelistock is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It belongs to the massif of the Wildhorn and lies approximately halfway between the Sanetsch Pass and the summit of the Wildhorn.\nThe north side of the Arpelistock is covered by a glacier named Geltengletscher.", "Q4888533": "Benjamin Franklin Goss (April 24, 1823 - June 6, 1893) was an American farmer, printer and merchant from Pewaukee, Wisconsin who served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly from Waukesha County: one in 1855 as a Whig, and the other in 1893 as a Democrat. In the interim, he had spent some time in Illinois, Iowa, and Kansas, and served as an officer in the American Civil War. In his later years, his greatest fame was as an amateur ornithologist.", "Q286071": "G\u00e9za Kiss (22 October 1882 \u2013 23 August 1952) was a Hungarian freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics and 1906 Intercalated Games.\nIn the 1904 Olympics he won a silver medal in the 1 mile freestyle and a bronze medal in the 880 yard freestyle.\nTwo years later, at the Intercalated Games, he won a gold medal as a member of Hungarian 4\u00d7250 m freestyle relay.", "Q483352": "Thrash metal (or simply thrash) is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music characterized by its overall aggression and often fast tempo. The songs usually use fast percussive beats and low-register guitar riffs, overlaid with shredding-style lead guitar work. The lyrical subject matter often deals with criticisms of The Establishment and concern over the destruction of the environment, and at times shares a disdain for Christian dogma resembling that of their black metal counterparts. The language is typically quite direct and denunciatory, an approach borrowed from hardcore punk.\nThe genre emerged in the early 1980s as musicians began fusing the double bass drumming and complex guitar stylings of the new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM) with the speed and aggression of hardcore punk. Philosophically, thrash metal developed as a backlash against both the conservatism of the Reagan era and the much more moderate, pop-influenced and widely accessible heavy metal sub-genre of glam metal which also developed concurrently in the 1980s. Thrash metal was an inspiration for subsequent extreme genres such as death metal and black metal.\n\n", "Q225916": "Daylight is a 1996 American action thriller film directed by Rob Cohen and starring Sylvester Stallone, Amy Brenneman, Viggo Mortensen, Dan Hedaya, Stan Shaw, Jay O. Sanders, Karen Young and Danielle Harris. The film was released by Universal Pictures on December 6, 1996, in the United States, and on December 26 in the United Kingdom.", "Q4755363": "Andreas Apostolopoulos (born in 1952) is a Greek-Canadian billionaire businessman, primarily concentrated on real estate investment and redevelopment. He is best known for his ownership of the Silverdome in Pontiac, Michigan. Apostolopoulos family are one of the richest Greek families in America and the richest Greek family in Canada.", "Q6714": "Wilhelm Carl Grimm (also Karl; 24 February 1786 \u2013 16 December 1859) was a German author and anthropologist, and the younger brother of Jacob Grimm, of the literary duo the Brothers Grimm.\n\n", "Q126519": "Morris Rosenfeld (Moshe Jacob Alter) (December 28, 1862 in Stare Boksze in Russian Poland, government of Suwa\u0142ki \u2013 June 22, 1923 in New York City) was a Yiddish poet.\nHis work sheds light on the living circumstances of emigrants from Eastern Europe in New York's tailoring workshops.\nHe was educated at Boksha, Suwa\u0142ki, and Warsaw. He worked as a tailor in New York and London and as a diamond cutter in Amsterdam, and settled in New York in 1886, after which he was connected with the editorial staffs of several leading Jewish newspapers. During the 1890s he wrote song parodies for the Yehuda Katzenelenbogen Music Publishing Company in New York, including Nokhn ball (After the Ball), Di pawnshop (Faryomert farklogt) and Nem tsurik dayn gold (Take Back Your Gold) - all published in Di idishe bihne and Lider magazin. In 1904 he published a weekly entitled Der Ashmedai. In 1905 he was editor of the New Yorker Morgenblatt. He was also the publisher and editor of a quarterly journal of literature (printed in Yiddish) entitled Jewish Annals. He was a delegate to the Fourth Zionist Congress at London in 1900, and gave readings at Harvard University in 1898, the University of Chicago in 1900, and Wellesley and Radcliffe colleges in 1902.\nRosenfeld was the author of Di Gloke [The bell] (New York, 1888), poems of a revolutionary character; later the author bought and destroyed all obtainable copies of this book. He wrote also Di Blumenkette [The chain of flowers] (New York, 1890) and Dos Lieder-Bukh (New York, 1897; English transl. by Leo Wiener, Songs from the Ghetto, Boston, 1899; German transl. by Berthold Feivel, Berlin, and by E. A. Fishin, Milwaukee, Wis., 1899; Rumanian transl. by M. Ia\u015fi, 1899; Polish transl. by J. Feldman, Vienna, 1903; Hungarian transl. by A. Kiss, Budapest; Bohemian transl. by J. Vrchlick\u00fd, Prague; Croatian transl. by Aleksandar Licht, Zagreb, 1906). His collected poems were published under the title Gezamelte Lieder, in New York, in 1904.", "Q311319": "Frank Oz (born Frank Richard Oznowicz; 25 May 1944) is an American actor, puppeteer, director and producer. He began his career as a puppeteer, performing the Muppet characters of Miss Piggy, Fozzie Bear, Animal, and Sam Eagle in The Muppet Show; and Cookie Monster, Bert, and Grover in Sesame Street. He is also known for the role of Yoda in the Star Wars series, providing the voice for the character in several films and television series.\nHis work as a director includes Little Shop of Horrors (1986), Dirty Rotten Scoundrels (1988), What About Bob? (1991), In & Out (1997), Bowfinger (1999), The Score (2001), Death at a Funeral (2007), and an episode of the US TV series Leverage (2011).", "Q8739": "Archimedes of Syracuse (; Ancient Greek: \u1f08\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2, romanized: Arkhim\u1e17d\u0113s; Doric Greek: [ar.k\u02b0i.m\u025b\u02d0.d\u025b\u0302\u02d0s]; c.\u2009287 \u2013 c.\u2009212 BC) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Generally considered the greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of all time, Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis by applying concepts of infinitesimals and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove a range of geometrical theorems, including the area of a circle, the surface area and volume of a sphere, and the area under a parabola.Other mathematical achievements include deriving an accurate approximation of pi, defining and investigating the spiral bearing his name, and creating a system using exponentiation for expressing very large numbers. He was also one of the first to apply mathematics to physical phenomena, founding hydrostatics and statics, including an explanation of the principle of the lever. He is credited with designing innovative machines, such as his screw pump, compound pulleys, and defensive war machines to protect his native Syracuse from invasion.\nArchimedes died during the Siege of Syracuse when he was killed by a Roman soldier despite orders that he should not be harmed. Cicero describes visiting the tomb of Archimedes, which was surmounted by a sphere and a cylinder, which Archimedes had requested be placed on his tomb to represent his mathematical discoveries.\nUnlike his inventions, the mathematical writings of Archimedes were little known in antiquity. Mathematicians from Alexandria read and quoted him, but the first comprehensive compilation was not made until c.\u2009530 AD by Isidore of Miletus in Byzantine Constantinople, while commentaries on the works of Archimedes written by Eutocius in the sixth century AD opened them to wider readership for the first time. The relatively few copies of Archimedes' written work that survived through the Middle Ages were an influential source of ideas for scientists during the Renaissance, while the discovery in 1906 of previously unknown works by Archimedes in the Archimedes Palimpsest has provided new insights into how he obtained mathematical results.", "Q273588": "Rebecca Andrea Thompson (born January 6, 1960) is an American actress, known for her roles on the television series Falcon Crest, Babylon 5, JAG, 24, and NYPD Blue.", "Q966031": "Thomas Lawson \"Tom\" McCall (March 22, 1913 \u2013 January 8, 1983) was an American statesman, politician and journalist in the state of Oregon. A Republican, he was the state's thirtieth governor from 1967 to 1975. A native of Massachusetts, McCall grew up there and in central Oregon and attended the University of Oregon in Eugene. After college, he worked as a journalist, including time at The Oregonian in Portland during World War II.\nLater he worked in radio and then in television as a newscaster and political commentator. He made an unsuccessful bid for Congress in 1954, losing in the general election to Edith Green. While working for TV station KGW, he produced a documentary on pollution in Oregon, which helped to spur environmental cleanup of the air and the Willamette River. In 1964, McCall won his first political office, Oregon Secretary of State, followed by two terms as governor, where he worked towards environmental cleanup, the bottle bill, and public ownership of beaches on the coast among others. Tom McCall Waterfront Park in Portland is one of several items named in his honor.", "Q161652": "Japanese people (Japanese: \u65e5\u672c\u4eba, Hepburn: nihonjin) are an ethnic group that is native to the Japanese archipelago and modern country of Japan, where they constitute 98.5% of the total population. Worldwide, approximately 129 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 125 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live outside Japan are referred to as nikkeijin (\u65e5\u7cfb\u4eba), the Japanese diaspora. The term ethnic Japanese is used to refer to mainland Japanese people, specifically the Yamato. Japanese people are one of the largest ethnic groups in the world.", "Q437191": "J\u00e1nos Bartha (born Budapest c. 1920) is a Hungarian film actor who appeared primarily in Spaghetti westerns in the 1960s and 1970s. He is probably most recognizable in western cinema for his role as the Sheriff who captured Tuco in the 1966 Sergio Leone film, The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.\nHe made nearly 80 appearances in film between 1951 and 1981.", "Q280400": "Matilda is a 1996 American family comedy fantasy film co-produced and directed by Danny DeVito from a screenplay written by Nicholas Kazan and Robin Swicord. Based on Roald Dahl's novel of the same name, the film stars Mara Wilson as the title character with DeVito, Rhea Perlman, Embeth Davidtz, and Pam Ferris in supporting roles. The film centers on a young genius girl named Matilda Wormwood, who develops psychokinetic abilities and uses them to deal with her disreputable family and Agatha Trunchbull, the ruthless, oppressive and tyrannical principal of Crunchem Hall Elementary School.\nProduced by DeVito's Jersey Films and released theatrically in the United States on August 2, 1996 by TriStar Pictures, the film received predominantly positive reviews from critics but was a box office bomb, grossing only $33 million in the United States on a $36 million budget.", "Q44414": "Randolph Severn \"Trey\" Parker III (born October 19, 1969) is an American actor, animator, writer, producer, director, and composer. He is known for co-creating South Park (1997\u2013present) and co-developing The Book of Mormon (2011) with his creative partner Matt Stone. Parker was interested in film and music as a child and at high school, and attended the University of Colorado, Boulder, where he met Stone. The two collaborated on various short films, and starred in the feature-length musical Cannibal! The Musical (1993).\nParker and Stone moved to Los Angeles and wrote their second film, Orgazmo (1997). Before the premiere of the film, South Park premiered on Comedy Central in August 1997. The duo possess full creative control of the show, and have produced music and video games based on it. A film based on the series, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (1999), received good reviews from both critics and fans. Parker went on to write, produce, direct, and star in the satirical action film Team America: World Police (2004), and, after several years of development, The Book of Mormon premiered on Broadway to good reviews. In 2013, Parker and Stone established their own production studio, Important Studios.\nParker has been the recipient of various awards over the course of his career, including five Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on South Park, as well as four Tony Awards and a Grammy Award for The Book of Mormon, as well as an Academy Award nomination for the song \"Blame Canada\" from the South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut movie, co-written with Marc Shaiman.", "Q616695": "Khalid bin Bandar bin Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e) is the Saudi Ambassador to the United Kingdom and a member of the House of Saud.", "Q254651": "A navigator is the person on board a ship or aircraft responsible for its navigation. The navigator's primary responsibility is to be aware of ship or aircraft position at all times. Responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the ship's captain or aircraft commander of estimated timing to destinations while en route, and ensuring hazards are avoided. The navigator is in charge of maintaining the aircraft or ship's nautical charts, nautical publications, and navigational equipment, and he/she generally has responsibility for meteorological equipment and communications.\nWith the advent of GPS, the effort required to accurately determine one's position has decreased by orders of magnitude, so the entire field has experienced a revolutionary transition since the 1990s with traditional navigation tasks being used less frequently.", "Q316310": "Alberto Granado Jim\u00e9nez (August 8, 1922 \u2013 March 5, 2011) was an Argentine\u2013Cuban biochemist, doctor, writer, and scientist. He was also the youthful friend and traveling companion of Che Guevara during their 1952 motorcycle tour in Latin America. Granado later founded the University of Santiago de Cuba School of Medicine. He authored the memoir Traveling with Che Guevara: The Making of a Revolutionary, which served as a reference for the 2004 film The Motorcycle Diaries, in which he was played by Rodrigo de la Serna. An elderly Alberto Granado makes a short appearance at the end of the film.", "Q75811": "Christian Otto Mohr (8 October 1835 \u2013 2 October 1918) was a German civil engineer.", "Q108182": "Jenny Hirsch (25 November 1829 in Zerbst \u2013 10 March 1902 in Berlin) was a German author and reformer.", "Q683498": "Arthralgia (from Greek arthro-, joint + -algos, pain) literally means joint pain. Specifically, arthralgia is a symptom of injury, infection, illness (in particular arthritis), or an allergic reaction to medication.According to MeSH, the term \"arthralgia\" should only be used when the condition is non-inflammatory, and the term \"arthritis\" should be used when the condition is inflammatory.", "Q166883": "Ikimono-gakari (\u3044\u304d\u3082\u306e\u304c\u304b\u308a) is a Japanese pop rock band from Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The group started in February 1999 with Hotaka Yamashita and Yoshiki Mizuno, and was joined by vocalist Kiyoe Yoshioka in November of the same year. The group's name is a reference to ikimono-gakari (\u3044\u304d\u3082\u306e\u304c\u304b\u308a), a group of children who are responsible for looking after plants and animals in Japanese elementary schools.In 2006, the group released its first single on Sony Music Entertainment Japan's Epic Records label. Several of their albums have reached number one on the Oricon weekly rankings, and their songs have been featured on various media: from TV commercials, anime shows such as Naruto Shippuden, Japanese TV Dramas such as Women Won't Allow This (\u300c\u5973\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3092\u8a31\u3055\u306a\u3044\u300d, , \"Onna wa Sore o Yurusanai\"), live action movies such as Time Traveler: The Girl Who Leapt Through Time (2010) (\u300e\u6620\u753b\uff1a\u6642\u3092\u304b\u3051\u308b\u5c11\u5973\u300f\u3000\uff082010\u5e74\uff09, , \"Eiga: Toki o Kakeru Sh\u014djo (2010)\"), the 2012 Olympic broadcast theme song for NHK, and the set piece for a national junior high music competition.\nTheir official fan club is named Ikimonogakari Fan Class 1-2 (\u3044\u304d\u3082\u306e\u304c\u304b\u308a\u30d5\u30a1\u30f3\u30af\u30e9\u30b91\u5e742\u7d44, , \"Ikimonogakari Fan Kurasu 1-nen 2-kumi\")Mizuno has the most number of composed songs among them, while Yamashita ranks second. Yoshioka has contributed lyrics to a few songs, but Namida ga Kieru Nara is the only song on which the three of them have collaborated.", "Q553417": "Bob Babbitt (born Robert Kreinar; November 26, 1937 \u2013 July 16, 2012) was a Hungarian-American bassist, most famous for his work as a member of Motown Records' studio band, the Funk Brothers, from 1966 to 1972, as well as his tenure as part of MFSB for Philadelphia International Records afterwards. Also in 1968, with Mike Campbell, Ray Monette and Andrew Smith he formed the band Scorpion, which lasted until 1970. He is ranked number 59 on Bass Player magazine's list of \"The 100 Greatest Bass Players of All Time\".Babbitt traded off sessions with original Motown bassist James Jamerson. When Motown moved to Los Angeles, Babbit went in the opposite direction and ended up in New York; while making occasional trips to Philadelphia. In this new city he worked on recordings for Frank Sinatra, Barry Manilow, Gloria Gaynor, Robert Palmer, and Alice Cooper. During this time his most notable successes were \"Midnight Train to Georgia\" by Gladys Knight & the Pips and \"The Rubberband Man\" by The Spinners.The Pittsburgh-born Babbitt's most notable bass performances include \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\" by Stevie Wonder, \"War\" by Edwin Starr, \"The Tears of a Clown\" by Smokey Robinson & the Miracles, \"Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)\" and \"Inner City Blues\" by Marvin Gaye, \"Band Of Gold\" by Freda Payne, \"Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today)\", \"Just My Imagination (Running Away With Me)\" by The Temptations. and \u201cJust Don\u2019t Want to Be Lonely\u201d by The Main Ingredient.\nHe participated in hundreds of other hits, including \"Little Town Flirt\" by Del Shannon, \"I Got a Name\" by Jim Croce, and \"Scorpio\" by Dennis Coffey & the Detroit Guitar Band. He played on the Jimi Hendrix album Crash Landing. He also played bass on Cindy Bullens' 1978 album, Desire Wire. He accepted an offer from Phil Collins to perform on his album of Motown and 1960s soul classics, Going Back, and also appeared in Collins' Going Back - Live At Roseland Ballroom, NYC concert DVD. He appeared on stage in an episode of American Idol, backing up Jacob Lusk's performance of \"You're All I Need To Get By\" for AI's Motown Week in March 2011.In 2003, Babbitt played on Marion James' album, Essence, on Soulfood Records, and amongst others playing on the record were Beegie Adair, Reese Wynans, Jack Pearson (The Allman Brothers), and drummer Chucki Burke.Bob Babbitt died on July 16, 2012, aged 74, from brain cancer.", "Q2642585": "Jacob Kraus (14 October 1861, Groningen \u2013 24 August 1951, The Hague) was a Dutch hydraulic engineer, professor at the University of Santiago, Chile, and at Delft University of Technology and government minister of water management between 1905 and 1908.", "Q743870": "Carlos Ponce (born September 4, 1972) is a Puerto Rican actor, singer, composer and television personality. Ponce began his acting career by participating in Spanish language soap operas for Televisa and Telemundo. Ponce continued to expand his acting career by participating in various American television series. He did not limit himself solely to a career in television. Ponce, who is also a singer, is also active in the American movie industry as a character actor. In film, he played Salvadore in Couples Retreat, Matthew Wright in Spy and Rodrigo in Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo. In television, he played Felix Gonzalez in Cristela, Max Duran in Hollywood Heights, as well as voicing Santiago Santos in Maya and Miguel.", "Q458230": "Britt Christina Marinette Lindberg (born 6 December 1950, in Gothenburg, Sweden) is a Swedish journalist known internationally for her work as an actress and glamour model in the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Q16892258": "Herron School of Art and Design, a school of Indiana University, was ranked 59th overall by U.S. News and World Report among graduate schools of fine arts in 2016.Located on the campus of Indiana University\u2013Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Herron enrolls nearly 800 students in bachelor's and master's degree programs including fine arts, visual communication design, art education, art therapy, and art history. Herron is also home to five galleries, which exhibit contemporary works of art by national and international contemporary artists and designers, as well the work of Herron faculty, alumni, and students; and the Basile Center for Art, Design and Public Life, which enriches educational and interdisciplinary activities through civic engagement and community partnerships.", "Q1209753": "Richard Miller (December 25, 1928 \u2013 January 30, 2019) was an American character actor who appeared in more than 180 films, including many produced by Roger Corman. He later appeared in the films of directors who began their careers with Corman, including Joe Dante and James Cameron and Martin Scorsese, with the distinction of appearing in every film directed by Dante. He was known for playing the beleaguered everyman, often in one scene appearances. Miller's main roles have been in films such as Gremlins, Gremlins 2: The New Batch, Explorers, Piranha, The Howling, A Bucket of Blood, The Little Shop of Horrors, Not of This Earth, Chopping Mall, Night of the Creeps, The Terminator, The 'Burbs and Small Soldiers.", "Q219989": "The Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (German: Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften), abbreviated BBAW, is the official academic society for the natural sciences and humanities for the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg. Housed in three locations in and around Berlin, Germany, the BBAW is the largest non-university humanities research institute in the region.The BBAW was constituted in 1992 by formal treaty between the governments of Berlin and Brandenburg on the basis of several older academies, including the historic Prussian Academy of Sciences from 1700 and East Germany's Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic from 1946. By this tradition, past members include the Brothers Grimm, Wilhelm and Alexander von Humboldt, Lise Meitner, Theodor Mommsen, Albert Einstein, and Max Planck. Today the BBAW operates as a public law corporation under the auspices of the German National Academy of Sciences, and has over 300 fellows and 250 additional staff members. Its elected scientific membership has included 78 Nobel laureates.The BBAW operates several subsidiary research centers. Projects include compiling large dictionaries; editing texts from ancient, medieval, and modern history; and editing the classical literature from diverse fields. Notable examples include Inscriptiones Graecae, the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, the German Dictionary (German: Deutsches W\u00f6rterbuch), the Ancient Egyptian Dictionary (Alt\u00e4gyptischen W\u00f6rterbuch), the bibliography of works by Alexander von Humboldt, and a scholarly edition of the works of Ludwig Feuerbach.", "Q18419": "Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coterminous with Kings County, located in the U.S. state of New York. It is the most populous county in the state, the second-most densely populated county in the United States, and New York City's most populous borough, with an estimated 2,559,903 residents in 2019. Named after the Dutch village of Breukelen, it shares a land border with the borough of Queens at the western end of Long Island. Brooklyn has several bridge and tunnel connections to the borough of Manhattan across the East River, and the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge connects it with Staten Island.\nWith a land area of 70.82 square miles (183.4 km2) and water area of 26 square miles (67 km2), Kings County is New York state's fourth-smallest county by land area and third-smallest by total area, though it is the second-largest among the city's five boroughs. If each borough were ranked as a city, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous in the U.S., after Los Angeles and Chicago.\nBrooklyn was an independent incorporated city (and previously an authorized village and town within the provisions of the New York State Constitution) until January 1, 1898, when, after a long political campaign and public relations battle during the 1890s, according to the new Municipal Charter of \"Greater New York\", Brooklyn was consolidated with the other cities, boroughs, and counties to form the modern City of New York, surrounding the Upper New York Bay with five constituent boroughs. The borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves. Brooklyn's official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght, which translates from early modern Dutch as \"Unity makes strength\".\nIn the first decades of the 21st century, Brooklyn has experienced a renaissance as an avant-garde destination for hipsters, with concomitant gentrification, dramatic house price increases and a decrease in housing affordability. Since the 2010s, Brooklyn has evolved into a thriving hub of entrepreneurship, high technology startup firms, postmodern art and design.", "Q4717636": "Alessandra Maria Luigia Anna Polizzi di Sorrentino (born 28 August 1971), known professionally as Alex Polizzi, is an English hotelier, businesswoman, and television personality. Since 2008, she has appeared on the television series The Hotel Inspector on Channel 5, in which she is the central figure.", "Q2214": "Pskov (Russian: \u041f\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432, IPA: [pskof] (listen); see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about 20 kilometers (12 mi) east from the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population: 203,279\u2009(2010 Census); 202,780\u2009(2002 Census); 203,789\u2009(1989 Census).Pskov is one of the oldest cities in Russia. It served as the capital of the Pskov Republic and was a trading post of the Hanseatic League. Later it came under the control of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Russian Empire.\n\n", "Q519278": "Prince Varlam Cherkezishvili (Georgian: \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10da\u10d0\u10db \u10e9\u10d4\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8) (15 September 1846 in Tiflis \u2013 18 August 1925 in London) was a Georgian politician and journalist, involved in anarchist communist movement, and later in the Georgian national liberation movement. He was also known as Warlaam Tcherkesoff or Varlam Cherkezov in Russian manner. \nHe was born into the family of the Georgian Prince Aslan Cherkezishvili in Tbilisi, Georgia (then part of Imperial Russia). He was sent to be educated in Russia in the 1850s. He joined the Russian socialist movement at its very beginnings, and was arrested twice between 1866 and 1869. Following a trial in the summer of 1871, he was imprisoned at the Peter and Paul Fortress, and then exiled in Tomsk in 1874. Two years later, he escaped to Western Europe, where he worked with the press in the circles of Russian emigration and fellow anarchists. He was also prominent in his criticism of Marxist ideas. His main work, Pages of Socialist History, was translated into nine languages. Actively involved in the Georgian national liberation movement, he helped to found the Georgian Socialist-Federalist Party. He wrote for The Times a series of articles in 1877 to bring to the attention of an English speaking audience the situation in Georgia. \nHe returned to Tiflis, Georgia, with the break-up of the Russian Revolution of 1905, but its failure and the repression in Georgia compelled Cherkezishvili to return to Europe (1907). With Kropotkin, Rudolf Rocker and Alexander Schapiro he participated in the foundation of the Anarchist Red Cross. Back in London, he rallied Kropotkin's position in defense of the Allies in World War I, and signed in 1916 the so-called Manifesto of the Sixteen. With the October Revolution of 1917 he returned to Petrograd, and when Georgia obtained its independence in May 1918, he obtained a seat in the Constituent Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Georgia. The Soviet occupation forced him into exile in March 1921. He returned to London where he would continue to fight again for Georgia\u2019s independence, until his death in 1925.", "Q851851": "Spaced Out (known in French as All\u00f4 la Terre, ici les Martin) is an animated series, co-produced by Alphanim Productions, Tooncan Productions and Cartoon Network Europe, in association with several other companies and television networks. The series had one season with 26 episodes.", "Q530832": "Angela Kohn (born November 24, 1975), better known as Jacki-O, is an American rapper who is signed to her own label Jack Movement Entertainment. She got her first break in 2003 with the bawdy sex rap \"Nookie\" which garnered the MC comparisons to fellow Southern rapper Trina. Although it was the first time that many had heard of Jacki-O, she kept a high profile, prior to her radio and club successes, with several appearances on Miami-area mixtapes. The success of \"Nookie\" led Jacki-O to discuss a similar subject matter on her second single, \"Sugar Walls,\" released in 2004 in anticipation of her debut album, Poe Little Rich Girl. Jackie-O has also worked with Jim Johnston in producing vocals for WWE entrance themes for Torrie Wilson, Candice Michelle and Stephanie McMahon. In 2014 Jacki-O reported her retirement in rap from her Facebook account. Saying \"she was getting closer to God and changing her life around\".", "Q1702383": "Johnny Paycheck (born Donald Eugene Lytle; May 31, 1938 \u2013 February 19, 2003) was an American country music singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and Grand Ole Opry member notable for recording the David Allan Coe song \"Take This Job and Shove It\". He achieved his greatest success in the 1970s as a force in country music's \"Outlaw Movement\" popularized by artists David Allan Coe, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, Billy Joe Shaver, and Merle Haggard. In the 1980s, his music career slowed due to drug, alcohol and legal problems. He served a prison sentence in the early 1990s and his declining health effectively ended his career in early 2000. In 1980, Paycheck appeared on the PBS music program Austin City Limits (season 5).\n\n", "Q877128": "Louie Austen (born Alois Luef on 19 September 1946) is an Austrian classically trained bar and jazz crooner who has been active in the electronic music scene.", "Q1682597": "Jane Eyre is a 2006 television adaptation of Charlotte Bront\u00eb's 1847 novel of the same name. The story, which has been the subject of numerous television and film adaptations, is based on the life of the orphaned title character. This four-part BBC television drama serial adaptation was broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC One.\nThe mini-series is generally considered a successful adaptation, garnering critical acclaim and a number of prestigious nominations from various award bodies.", "Q517255": "Tom\u00e1s Lluisma Cabili (March 7, 1903 \u2013 March 17, 1957) was a lawyer, journalist, educator, and assemblyman from Lanao. He is also known as Sultan Dimasangkay-ko-Ranao for Maranaos.\n\n", "Q655960": "Y\u016bji Kuroiwa (\u9ed2\u5ca9 \u7950\u6cbb, Kuroiwa Y\u016bji) is a Japanese politician and the governor of Kanagawa Prefecture located in Kant\u014d region of Japan.", "Q123307": "Dick Marty (born 7 January 1945) is a Swiss politician (FDP.The Liberals) and former state prosecutor of the canton of Ticino. He is a member of the Swiss Council of States (since 1995), and is a former member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.", "Q61864": "Carl Paul Gottfried Linde (11 June 1842 \u2013 16 November 1934) was a German scientist, engineer, and businessman. He discovered a refrigeration cycle and invented the first industrial-scale air separation and gas liquefaction processes. These breakthroughs laid the backbone for the 1913 Nobel Prize in Physics that was awarded to Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. Linde was a member of scientific and engineering associations, including being on the board of trustees of the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt and the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Linde was also the founder of what is now known as Linde plc, the world's largest industrial gases company, and ushered the creation of the supply chain of industrial gases as a profitable line of businesses. He was knighted in 1897 as Ritter von Linde. Carl von Linde invented the first reliable and efficient compressed-ammonia refrigerator in 1876.", "Q507046": "Owen Kay Garriott (November 22, 1930 \u2013 April 15, 2019) was an American electrical engineer and NASA astronaut, who spent 60 days aboard the Skylab space station in 1973 during the Skylab 3 mission, and 10 days aboard Spacelab-1 on a Space Shuttle mission in 1983.\nAfter serving in the United States Navy, Garriott was an engineering professor at Stanford University before attending the United States Air Force Pilot Training Program and later joining NASA. After his NASA career, he worked for various aerospace companies, consulted on NASA-related committees, taught as an adjunct professor, and conducted research on microbes found in extreme environments.\n\n", "Q77551": "Carl Oswald Victor Engler (5 January 1842 \u2013 7 February 1925) was a German chemist, academic and politician. He wrote a Handbook of Industrial Chemistry in 1872. He is remembered for his early work in indigo.", "Q270268": "Nat\u00e1lia de Oliveira Correia, GOSE, GOL (13 September 1923 in Faj\u00e3 de Baixo (Ponta Delgada), S\u00e3o Miguel, Azores \u2013 16 March 1993 in Lisbon) was a Portuguese intellectual, poet and social activist, as well as author of the official lyrics of the \"Hino dos A\u00e7ores\", the regional anthem of Autonomous Region of the Azores. Her work crossed various genres of Portuguese media, and collaborated with many Portuguese and international publications. A member of the Portuguese National Assembly (1980\u20131991), she regularly intervened politically on the side of arts and culture, in the defense of human rights and rights of women. Along with Jos\u00e9 Saramago, Armindo Magalh\u00e3es, Manuel da Fonseca and Urbano Tavares Rodrigues, she helped to create the FNDC, Frente Nacional para a Defesa da Cultura (the National Front for the Defense of Culture). She was a central figure in the artistic scene, who met with peoples central to Portuguese culture and literature in the 1950s and 1960s. Her works have been translated into various languages.", "Q181229": "Jennifer Beals (born December 19, 1963) is an American actress and a former teen model. She made her film debut in My Bodyguard (1980), before receiving critical acclaim for her role in Flashdance (1983), for which she won NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Comedy or Musical.\nBeals appeared in several notable films including Devil in a Blue Dress (1995), The Last Days of Disco (1998), Roger Dodger (2002), The Book of Eli (2010), and Before I Fall (2017). On television, she starred as Bette Porter on the Showtime drama series The L Word (2004\u20132009) and later went on to star in the series The Chicago Code (2011), Proof (2015), and Taken (2017). She reprised her role as Bette Porter in The L Word: Generation Q in December 2019.", "Q761838": "Elmer Ambrose Sperry, Sr. (October 12, 1860 \u2013 June 16, 1930) was an American inventor and entrepreneur, most famous as co-inventor, with Herman Ansch\u00fctz-Kaempfe, of the gyrocompass and as founder of the Sperry Gyroscope Company. He was known as the \"father of modern navigation technology.\"Sperry's compasses and stabilizers were adopted by the United States Navy and used in both world wars. He also worked closely with Japanese companies and the Japanese government and was honored after his death with a volume of reminiscences published in Japan.", "Q104237": "Johannes Georg Andreas Versmann (7 January 1820 in Sankt Pauli \u2013 28 July 1899 in Hamburg) was a German lawyer and politician. He was the first president of the new B\u00fcrgerschaft of Hamburg in 1859 and dominated the politics of the Hanseatic state as first or second mayor between 1887 and 1899.\n\n", "Q57681": "Jos\u00e9 Antonio Primo de Rivera y S\u00e1enz de Heredia (24 April 1903 \u2013 20 November 1936), often referred to simply as Jos\u00e9 Antonio, was a Spanish politician who founded the Fascist Falange Espa\u00f1ola (\"Spanish Phalanx\"), later Falange Espa\u00f1ola de las JONS.\nThe eldest son of General Miguel Primo de Rivera, who ruled Spain as dictator from 1923 to 1930, Primo de Rivera worked as lawyer before entering politics, an enterprise he initially engaged into vowing to defend his deceased father's memory. He founded Falange Espa\u00f1ola in October 1933, shortly before the 1933 general election, in which he was elected member of the Republican Cortes, running as candidate within a wider right-wing platform.\nA figure with a trajectory not free from contradictions, he assumed the role of messianic leader charged with the task of saving Spain while he was unable to track support during his whole political life. A founder of a Fascist party, he critically fascistised afterwards, as he progressively radicalised in an anti-conservative direction. By 1936 he endorsed a conservative and reactionary military coup seeking to destroy the Republic that led to a civil war that he tried to stop later.Imprisoned since before the start of the Spanish Civil War, he was accused of conspiracy and military rebellion against the Government of the Second Spanish Republic and was sentenced to death and executed during the first months of the war.\nIn life, he held the nobiliary title of 3rd Marquess of Estella, Grandee of Spain. In 1948, he was post-humously bestowed the title of Duke of Primo de Rivera, that was subsequently passed to his brother Miguel.\nThe image of Jos\u00e9 Antonio was revered during the war by the Nationalist faction and, after the establishment of Francoist Spain, he was regarded as a martyr, his figure being a tool of the Francoist propaganda apparatus. The inscription of \"Jos\u00e9 Antonio \u00a1Presente!\" could be found in many churches all across Spain.", "Q520176": "Robert Shane Kimbrough (born June 4, 1967) is a retired United States Army officer, and a NASA astronaut. He was part of the first group of candidates selected for NASA astronaut training following the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. Kimbrough is a veteran of two spaceflights, the first being a Space Shuttle flight, and the second being a 6-month mission to the ISS on board a Russian Soyuz craft.\nHe was the commander of the International Space Station for Expedition 50, and returned to Earth in April 2017.\nMarried to the former Robbie Lynn Nickels.", "Q2845432": "Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne\nbacterial infection, caused by bacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. These obligate intracellular bacteria infect and kill white blood cells.\nThe average reported annual incidence is on the order of 2.3 cases per million people.", "Q47492": "Gaza (; Arabic: \u063a\u0632\u0629\u200e \u0120azzah, IPA: [\u02c8\u0263azza]; Hebrew: \u05e2\u05b7\u05d6\u05b8\u05bc\u05d4, Modern: 'Aza, Tiberian: 'Az\u0101 Ancient \u0120\u0101z\u0101), also referred to as Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip, with a population of 590,481, making it the largest city in the State of Palestine. Inhabited since at least the 15th century BCE, Gaza has been dominated by several different peoples and empires throughout its history.\nThe Philistines made it a part of their pentapolis after the Ancient Egyptians had ruled it for nearly 350 years.\nUnder the Romans - in their pagan form as well as after the Christianisation of their empire, for which historians use the term Byzantine Empire - Gaza experienced relative peace and its port flourished. In 635 CE, it became the first city in Palestine to be conquered by the Muslim Rashidun army and quickly developed into a center of Islamic law. However, by the time the Crusaders invaded the country starting in 1099, Gaza was in ruins. In later centuries, Gaza experienced several hardships\u2014from Mongol raids to floods and locusts, reducing it to a village by the 16th century, when it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire. During the first half of Ottoman rule, the Ridwan dynasty controlled Gaza and under them the city went through an age of great commerce and peace. The municipality of Gaza was established in 1893.\nGaza fell to British forces during World War I, becoming a part of Mandatory Palestine. As a result of the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War, Egypt administered the newly formed Gaza Strip territory and several improvements were undertaken in the city. Gaza was captured by Israel in the Six-Day War in 1967, but in 1993, the city was transferred to the newly-created Palestinian National Authority. In the months following the 2006 election, an armed conflict broke out between the Palestinian political factions of Fatah and Hamas, resulting in the latter taking power in Gaza. Egypt and Israel consequently imposed a blockade on the Gaza Strip. Israel eased the blockade allowing consumer goods in June 2010, and Egypt reopened the Rafah border crossing in 2011 to pedestrians.The primary economic activities of Gaza are small-scale industries and agriculture. However, the blockade and recurring conflicts have put the economy under severe pressure. The majority of Gaza's inhabitants are Muslim, although there is also a tiny Christian minority. Gaza has a very young population, with roughly 75% under the age of 25. The city is currently administered by a 14-member municipal council.", "Q782": "Hawaii ( (listen) h\u0259-WY-ee; Hawaiian: Hawai\u02bbi [h\u0259\u02c8v\u0250j\u0294i]) is a state of the United States of America located in the Pacific Ocean. It is the only U.S. state located outside North America and the only island state.\nThe state encompasses nearly the entire Hawaiian archipelago, 137 islands spread over 1,500 miles (2,400 km). The volcanic archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania. At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight main islands are, in order from northwest to southeast: Ni\u02bbihau, Kaua\u02bbi, O\u02bbahu, Moloka\u02bbi, L\u0101na\u02bbi, Kaho\u02bbolawe, Maui, and the largest, Hawai\u02bbi, which the state is named after. It is often called the \"Big Island\" or \"Hawaii Island\" to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago. \nHawaii is the 8th-smallest geographically and the 11th-least populous, but the 13th-most densely populated of the 50 states. It is the only state with an Asian American plurality. Hawaii has more than 1.4 million permanent residents, along with many visitors and U.S. military personnel. The state capital and largest city is Honolulu on the island of O\u02bbahu. The state's ocean coastline is about 750 miles (1,210 km) long, the fourth longest in the U.S., after the coastlines of Alaska, Florida, and California. Hawaii is the most recent state to join the union, on August 21, 1959. It was an independent nation until 1898.\nHawaii's diverse natural scenery, warm tropical climate, abundance of public beaches, oceanic surroundings, and active volcanoes make it a popular destination for tourists, surfers, biologists, and volcanologists. Because of its central location in the Pacific and 19th-century labor migration, Hawaii's culture is strongly influenced by North American and East Asian cultures, in addition to its indigenous Hawaiian culture.", "Q174908": "Michael Francis Moore (born April 23, 1954) is an American documentary filmmaker, author, and activist. His works frequently address the topics of globalization and capitalism.\nMoore won the 2002 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for Bowling for Columbine, which examined the causes of the Columbine High School massacre and the overall gun culture of the United States. He also directed and produced Fahrenheit 9/11, a critical look at the presidency of George W. Bush and the War on Terror, which earned $119,194,771 to become the highest-grossing documentary at the American box office of all time. The film also won the Palme d'Or at the 2004 Cannes film festival. His documentary Sicko, which examines health care in the United States, is one of the top ten highest-grossing documentaries as of 2020. In September 2008, he released his first free movie on the internet, Slacker Uprising, which documented his personal quest to encourage more Americans to vote in presidential elections. He has also written and starred in the TV shows TV Nation, a satirical news-magazine television series, and The Awful Truth, a satirical show. In 2018 he released his latest film, Fahrenheit 11/9, a documentary about the 2016 United States presidential election and the subsequent presidency of Donald Trump.\nMoore's written and cinematic works criticize topics such as globalization, large corporations, assault weapon ownership, Presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Donald Trump, the Iraq War, the American health care system and capitalism overall. In 2005, Time named Moore one of the world's 100 most influential people.\n\n", "Q68471": "Binn (Walser German: B\u00eci) is a municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.\nThe Binn Valley is known for its rich mineral deposits, some types of which are unique to the area. The notable Lengenbach Quarry is in Binn.", "Q123688": "Duke Paoa Kahinu Mokoe Hulikohola Kahanamoku (August 24, 1890 \u2013 January 22, 1968) was a Native Hawaiian competition swimmer who popularized the ancient Hawaiian sport of surfing. He was born towards the end of the Kingdom of Hawaii, just before the overthrow, living into statehood as a United States citizen. He was a five-time Olympic medalist in swimming. Duke was also a Scottish Rite Freemason, a Shriner, a law enforcement officer, an actor, a beach volleyball player and a businessman.", "Q913647": "Maria Rosa Cutrufelli (Messina, 1946) is an Italian writer and journalist.", "Q517902": "Megha Mittal (born 20 November 1976 in Marwar, India) is the former chairperson and managing director of the German fashion luxury brand Escada. The Mittal family sold its shareholding in Escada to Regent on 4 November 2019.", "Q37175": "John Christopher Depp II (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor, singer, producer, and musician. He has been nominated for ten Golden Globe Awards, winning one for Best Actor for his performance of the title role in Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2008), and has been nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Actor, among other accolades. He is regarded as one of the world's biggest film stars. Depp made his film debut in the 1984 film A Nightmare on Elm Street, before rising to prominence as a teen idol on the television series 21 Jump Street (1987\u20131990). He had a supporting role in Oliver Stone's 1986 war film Platoon and played the title character in the 1990 romantic fantasy Edward Scissorhands. \nDepp has gained critical praise for his portrayals of inept screenwriter-director Ed Wood in the film of the same name (1994), undercover FBI agent Joseph D. Pistone in Donnie Brasco (1997), author J. M. Barrie in Finding Neverland (2004) and Boston gangster Whitey Bulger in Black Mass (2015). He has starred in a number of successful films, including Cry-Baby (1990), Dead Man (1995), Sleepy Hollow (1999), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), Corpse Bride (2005), Public Enemies (2009), Alice in Wonderland (2010) and its 2016 sequel, The Tourist (2010), Rango (2011), Dark Shadows (2012), The Lone Ranger (2013), and Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald (2018). Depp also plays Jack Sparrow in the swashbuckler film series Pirates of the Caribbean (2003\u2013present).\n\nDepp is the third highest-grossing actor worldwide, as films featuring Depp have grossed over US$3.7 billion at the United States box office and over US$10 billion worldwide. He has been listed in the 2012 Guinness World Records as the world's highest-paid actor, with earnings of US$75 million. Depp has collaborated on nine films with director, producer, and friend Tim Burton. He was inducted as a Disney Legend in 2015. In addition to acting, Depp has also worked as a musician. He has performed in numerous musical groups, including forming the rock supergroup Hollywood Vampires along with Alice Cooper and Joe Perry.", "Q536714": "Fernando Abril Martorell (31 August 1936 \u2013 16 February 1998) was a Valencian Spanish politician and agricultural engineer.", "Q105129": "Lutz Winde (born 1 July 1966 in Bonn, Germany) is a German actor and director.\nWinde studied acting at the Zinner Studio in Munich. He had further experience at the Herbert Berghof Studio in New York City, and studied directing at the New York Film Academy. He has won some awards for his short films and directed a series and a TV movie in Germany. He acts in German TV, films, and a daily soap opera.", "Q381285": "Sir Ralph David Richardson (19 December 1902 \u2013 10 October 1983) was an English actor who, along with his contemporaries Peggy Ashcroft, John Gielgud, and Laurence Olivier, dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century. He worked in films throughout most of his career, and played more than sixty cinema roles. From an artistic but not theatrical background, Richardson had no thought of a stage career until a production of Hamlet in Brighton inspired him to become an actor. He learned his craft in the 1920s with a touring company and later the Birmingham Repertory Theatre. In 1931 he joined the Old Vic, playing mostly Shakespearean roles. He led the company the following season, succeeding Gielgud, who had taught him much about stage technique. After he left the company, a series of leading roles took him to stardom in the West End and on Broadway.\nIn the 1940s, together with Olivier and John Burrell, Richardson was the co-director of the Old Vic company. There, his most celebrated roles included Peer Gynt and Falstaff. He and Olivier led the company to Europe and Broadway in 1945 and 1946, before their success provoked resentment among the governing board of the Old Vic, leading to their dismissal from the company in 1947. In the 1950s, in the West End and occasionally on tour, Richardson played in modern and classic works including The Heiress, Home at Seven, and Three Sisters. He continued on stage and in films until shortly before his sudden death at the age of eighty. He was celebrated in later years for his work with Peter Hall's National Theatre and his frequent stage partnership with Gielgud. He was not known for his portrayal of the great tragic roles in the classics, preferring character parts in old and new plays.\nRichardson's film career began as an extra in 1931. He was soon cast in leading roles in British and American films including Things to Come (1936), The Fallen Idol (1948), Long Day's Journey into Night (1962) and Doctor Zhivago (1965). He received nominations and awards in the UK, Europe and the US for his stage and screen work from 1948 until his death. Richardson was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, first for The Heiress (1949) and again (posthumously) for his final film, Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes (1984).\nThroughout his career, and increasingly in later years, Richardson was known for his eccentric behaviour on and off stage. He was often seen as detached from conventional ways of looking at the world, and his acting was regularly described as poetic or magical.", "Q194142": "Friends with Money is a 2006 comedy-drama film written and directed by Nicole Holofcener. It opened the 2006 Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2006, and went into limited release in North America on April 7, 2006.", "Q6446737": "Kurt Freund (17 January 1914 \u2013 23 October 1996) was a Czech-Canadian physician and sexologist best known for developing phallometry (the objective measurement of sexual arousal in males), research studies in pedophilia, and for the \"courtship disorder\" hypothesis as a taxonomy of certain paraphilias (voyeurism, exhibitionism, toucherism, frotteurism, and what he called \"preferential rape\").", "Q286298": "Justyna Steczkowska (Polish pronunciation: [ju\u02c8st\u0268na st\u025bt\u0282\u02c8k\u0254fska]; born August 2, 1972 in Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland) is a Polish singer, songwriter, photographer, and actress.\nShe was raised in a large and musically inclined family, has five sisters (Agata, Krystyna, Magdalena, Maria, Cecylia) and three brothers (Pawel, Jacek, Marcin) and played violin in a family band before becoming a solo singer. She has a vocal range of four octaves.Steczkowska became famous when she won a song contest in Szansa na sukces programme, performing Maanam's song \"Buenos Aires\". Later, she represented Poland in the 1995 Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"Sama\", (\"Alone\") which was placed eighteenth. After a few CDs with her own songs, she released Alkimja, a compilation of Jewish songs with Polish lyrics. She received multiple awards including a Fryderyk for The Best Song of The Year. She appeared in two films: Billboard and Na koniec \u015bwiata (To the End of the World).\nShe took part in the Polish edition of Dancing with the Stars (the sixth edition) where she came second, and co-hosts Dancing on Ice.\nIn 2013, she was revealed as one of the coaches on the second series of the talent show The Voice of Poland.", "Q1142073": "The Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University (also known as Kellogg) is the business school of Northwestern University, located in the Chicago Metropolitan Area, Illinois. Founded in 1908, Kellogg pioneered the use of group projects and evaluations and popularized the importance of \"team leadership\" within the business world. Kellogg's 2-Yr MBA Program is currently ranked #3 in the U.S. according to U.S. News & World Report and Forbes Magazine and #4 globally according to The Economist.Its main campus is located in Evanston, Illinois, with additional campuses in downtown Chicago, Illinois and Miami, Florida. Kellogg offers MBA, MSM, and PhD graduate programs, along with dual-MBA/JD, dual-MBA/MDI, and MMM programs.", "Q157109": "In the history of the Low Countries, the Burgundian Netherlands (French: Pays-Bas bourguignons, Dutch: Bourgondische Nederlanden, Luxembourgish: Burgundeschen Nidderlanden, Walloon: Bas Payis borguignons) were a number of Imperial and French fiefs ruled in personal union by the House of Valois-Burgundy in the period from 1384 to 1482 and later their Habsburg heirs. They constituted the Northern part of the Burgundian State. The area comprised the major parts of present-day Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg and Hauts-de-France.", "Q203286": "Kevin Maurice Johnson (born March 4, 1966), nicknamed \"KJ\" is an American former professional basketball player and Democratic Party politician who served as the 55th Mayor of Sacramento, California from 2008 to 2016. He is the husband of educator Michelle Rhee. Elected in 2008 and re-elected in 2012, Johnson is the first African American to serve as Mayor of Sacramento. Before entering politics, Johnson was a professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a stint with the Cleveland Cavaliers during a portion of his rookie year, the point guard played as a member of the Phoenix Suns for the remainder of his NBA career.\nDuring his 12-year playing career, Johnson was a three-time NBA All-Star as well as four-time second team All-NBA selection and held numerous records for the Phoenix Suns organization. At the University of California, Berkeley, Johnson was named a two-time All-Pac-10 Conference player and an honorable-mention All-American by the Associated Press.Johnson holds a B.A. in Political Science from U.C. Berkeley that he completed after his initial retirement from the NBA. Since founding St. HOPE in 1989, Johnson has been active in education reform. As Mayor of Sacramento, Johnson launched two education initiatives: Stand UP and Sacramento READS!, to benefit students in Sacramento. Johnson also helped to deter the Sacramento Kings basketball team from moving to Anaheim, and, later, to Seattle, Washington.", "Q275310": "Marcia Ann Strassman (April 28, 1948 \u2013 October 24, 2014) was an American actress and singer, best known for her roles as Nurse Margie Cutler on M*A*S*H, as Julie Kotter on Welcome Back, Kotter, and as Diane Szalinski in the film Honey, I Shrunk the Kids (1989).", "Q184351": "Yitzhak Shamir (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8, listen ; born Yitzhak Yezernitsky; October 22, 1915 \u2013 June 30, 2012) was an Israeli politician and the seventh Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms, 1983\u201384 and 1986\u20131992. Before the establishment of the state of Israel, Shamir was a leader of the Zionist militant group Lehi. After the establishment of the Israeli state he served in the Mossad between 1955 and 1965, and as a Knesset Member, a Knesset Speaker and a Foreign Affairs Minister. Shamir was the country's third longest-serving prime minister after David Ben-Gurion and Benjamin Netanyahu.", "Q72429": "Judith Holfelder-Roy (n\u00e9e Holfelder-von der Tann; born 12 November 1976), known by her stage name Judith Holofernes, is a German singer, guitarist, songwriter and author. She is best recognized as the lead singer of Wir sind Helden, a German pop rock band that came to fame in Germany following the release of the song \"Guten Tag\" in 2002. The band received critical acclaim owing in part to Holofernes' lyrics, which are characterized by their playful use of words and their often sociocritical nature.\nAfter recording four albums that were chart successes in the German-speaking world, Wir sind Helden went on indefinite hiatus in 2012. Since then, Holofernes has recorded two solo albums (Ein leichtes Schwert, 2014; Ich bin das Chaos, 2017) and has also had a book of poems published (Du bellst vor dem falschen Baum, 2015).", "Q651051": "The city of Gainesville is the county seat of Hall County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 33,804. By 2018 the population had risen to an estimated 41,464. Because of its large number of poultry processing plants, it is often called the \"Poultry Capital of the World.\" Gainesville is the principal city of, and is included in, the Gainesville, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, Georgia Combined Statistical Area.\n\n", "Q65155": "Egliswil is a municipality and village in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q120381": "Colette Peignot (October 8, 1903 \u2013 November 7, 1938) was a French author who is most known by the pseudonym Laure, but also wrote under the name Claude Araxe.", "Q73737": "Lis Verhoeven (also spelled Liz Verhoeven) (11 March 1931 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany \u2013 2 July 2019) was a German actress and theatre director.\nVerhoeven was the daughter of Paul Verhoeven; she was the first wife of Mario Adorf, by whom she had a daughter, Stella Maria Adorf, also an actress.", "Q25571": "Hans Richter (12 January 1919 \u2013 5 October 2008) was a German film actor. He appeared in more than 130 films between 1931 and 1984, mostly in supporting roles. He was born in Brandenburg, Germany and died in Heppenheim, Germany.", "Q287186": "Ilary Blasi (born 28 April 1981) is an Italian showgirl, model, television personality, and former child actress.", "Q235734": "Jade Raymond (born 28 August 1975) is a Canadian video game producer and executive in charge of Stadia Games and Entertainment, best known as founder of Ubisoft Toronto and Motive Studios.\n\n", "Q14974": "Vladimir the Great (Old East Slavic: \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0463\u0440\u044a \u0421\u0432\u0467\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0447\u044c, Volodim\u011br\u044a Sv\u0119toslavi\u010d\u044c, Old Norse Valdamarr gamli; c. 958 \u2013 15 July 1015, Berestove) was a prince of Novgorod, grand Prince of Kiev, and ruler of Kievan Rus' from 980 to 1015.Vladimir's father was prince Sviatoslav of the Rurik dynasty. After the death of his father in 972, Vladimir, who was then prince of Novgorod, was forced to flee to Scandinavia in 976 after his brother Yaropolk had murdered his other brother Oleg and conquered Rus'. In Sweden, with the help of his relative Ladejarl H\u00e5kon Sigurdsson, ruler of Norway, he assembled a Varangian army and reconquered Novgorod from Yaropolk. By 980, Vladimir had consolidated the Kievan realm from modern-day Belarus, Russia and Ukraine to the Baltic Sea and had solidified the frontiers against incursions of Bulgarians, Baltic tribes and Eastern nomads. Originally a follower of Slavic paganism, Vladimir converted to Christianity in 988 and Christianized the Kievan Rus'. He is thus also known as Saint Vladimir.", "Q159642": "Franti\u0161ek Palack\u00fd (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8fra\u0272c\u026a\u0283\u025bk \u02c8palatski\u02d0]; 14 June 1798 \u2013 26 May 1876) was a Czech historian and politician, the most influential person of the Czech National Revival, called \"Father of the Nation\".", "Q378620": "Ralph Waldo Wright (May 17, 1908 \u2013 December 31, 1983) was a Disney animator and story/storyboard writer who provided the gloomy, sullen voice of Eeyore from the popular Winnie the Pooh franchise.", "Q887998": "Emperor Yagbe'u Seyon (Amharic: \u12ed\u130d\u1263 \u133d\u12ee\u1295), also Igba Zion or Yagbea-Sion (throne name Salomon), was an Emperor (n\u0259gus\u00e4 n\u00e4g\u00e4st) (18 June 1285 \u2013 1294) of the Ethiopian Empire and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He succeeded his father Yekuno Amlak.\n\n", "Q89843": "Anna Boschek (1874 - 1957), was an Austrian Politician (Social Democrat) and feminist. She was one of the first of her gender in the Austrian parliament.\nBoschek was the daughter of a railway locksmith. Early orphaned, she was forced to quit school and worked as a domestic and at various factories. She was the ward of Anton Hueber, who also became her political mentor. In 1890, she became the first woman in the central comity of the SDAP; in 1891 she became a member of the workers union and the Social democratic ABF; and in 1918-20 she was chairperson of the women section of the Confederation of Free Trade Unions and a member of the Vienna city council. In 1919-20, she was a member of the Austrian Constitutional Assembly election, 1919 and member of the National Council of Austria in 1920-34. After the coup of 1934, she was imprisoned for seven weeks and then put under police surveillance.", "Q182046": "Leon Battista Alberti (Italian: [le\u02c8om bat\u02c8tista al\u02c8b\u025brti]; February 14, 1404 \u2013 April 25, 1472) was an Italian Renaissance humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher and cryptographer; he epitomised the Renaissance Man. Although he is often characterized exclusively as an architect, as James Beck has observed, \"to single out one of Leon Battista's 'fields' over others as somehow functionally independent and self-sufficient is of no help at all to any effort to characterize Alberti's extensive explorations in the fine arts.\" Although Alberti is known mostly for being an artist, he was also a mathematician of many sorts and made great advances to this field during the 15th century. Alberti's life was described in Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects. His two most important buildings are the churches of S. Sebastiano (1460) and S. Andrea, both in Mantua.", "Q553826": "Gianluigi Aponte (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292anlu\u02c8i\u02d0d\u0292i a\u02c8ponte]; born 27 June 1940) is an Italian billionaire businessman, and the founder, owner and chairman of Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC), the second-largest container shipping line in the world after Maersk.", "Q55928": "gen. bryg.Waldemar Pawlak [val\u02c8d\u025bmar \u02c8pavlak] (listen) (born 5 September 1959) is a Polish politician. He twice served as Prime Minister of Poland, briefly in 1992 and again from 1993 to 1995. From November 2007 to November 2012 he served as Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Economy. Pawlak is the only person who held the office of Prime Minister twice during the Third Republic (i.e. since 1989), and he remains Poland's youngest Prime Minister to date.\nHe is also a long-time commander of the Polish Volunteer fire department, holding the rank of Brigadier General. Since 2015 Pawlak is workstream leader for the AMU (Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine), where he contributes his expertise in economy.", "Q149451": "Llewellyn Harrison Rockwell Jr. (born July 1, 1944) is an American author, editor, and political consultant. A libertarian and a self-professed anarcho-capitalist, he founded (and is chairman of) the Ludwig von Mises Institute, a non-profit dedicated to promoting the Austrian School of economics. His website, LewRockwell.com, which began in 1999, features articles and blog entries by right-wing libertarian columnists and writers.", "Q118178": "Hans H\u00fcrlimann (6 April 1918 \u2013 22 February 1994) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1974-1982).\nHe was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 5 December 1973 and handed over office on 31 December 1982. He was affiliated with the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. \nDuring his office time he held the Federal Department of Home Affairs and was President of the Confederation in 1979.", "Q96963": "Wilhelm H\u00f6cker (June 29 1886 in Holzendorf, Mecklenburg-Schwerin \u2013 November 15, 1955 in G\u00fcstrow) was a German politician (SPD, SED) and former Minister-President of Mecklenburg.\nH\u00f6cker was the oldest former Minister-President of East Germany from the formation of the GDR until April 12, 1966; he was succeeded by Karl Steinhoff.", "Q1759608": "Secretly Canadian is an American independent record label based in Bloomington, Indiana with offices in New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Austin, London, Paris, Amsterdam, and Berlin. Secretly Canadian is a label included in Secretly Group, which also includes Dead Oceans and Jagjaguwar. Secretly Group includes the three record labels as well as a music publisher known as Secretly Publishing, representing artists, writers, film makers, producers, and comedians.", "Q649178": "LATAM Airlines, formerly LAN Airlines S.A. and LAN-Chile, is an airline based in Santiago, Chile, and is one of the founders of LATAM Airlines Group, Latin America's largest airline holding company. The main hub is Comodoro Arturo Merino Ben\u00edtez International Airport (Santiago), with secondary hubs in El Dorado (Bogot\u00e1), Jorge Ch\u00e1vez (Lima), Mariscal Sucre (Quito), Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn de Olmedo (Guayaquil) and Jorge Newbery (Buenos Aires) airports.LAN Airlines was the flag carrier of Chile until its privatization in the 1990s, is the predominant airline in Chile and Peru, and the second-largest carrier in Argentina, Colombia and Ecuador, through its local subsidiaries. LAN is the largest airline in Latin America, serving Latin America, Northern America, the Caribbean, Oceania, Asia and Europe. The carrier has been a member of the Oneworld airline alliance from 2000 to 2020.\nLATAM Airlines Group was formed after the takeover by LAN of Brazilian TAM Airlines, which was completed on June 22, 2012. In August 2015, it was announced that the two airlines would fully rebrand as LATAM, with one livery to be applied on all aircraft by 2018. Currently, LATAM Chile and LATAM Brazil continue to work as separate companies, under LATAM Airlines Group acting as the executive management. LATAM Airlines Group is currently the largest airline conglomerate in Latin America.", "Q957763": "Edina ( (listen) ee-DY-n\u0259) is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. Edina began as a small farming and milling community in the 1860s. The population was 47,941, as of 2010.", "Q287838": "Raise the Titanic! is a 1976 adventure novel by Clive Cussler, published in the United States by the Viking Press. It tells the story of efforts to bring the remains of the ill-fated ocean liner RMS Titanic to the surface of the Atlantic Ocean in order to recover a stockpile of an exotic mineral that was being carried aboard.\nRaise the Titanic! was the third published book to feature the author's protagonist, Dirk Pitt. It was the first of Cussler's novels with a prologue set long before the main story, describing an incident with consequences resolved in the present day.\nThe book was adapted into a 1980 feature film, Raise the Titanic, directed by Jerry Jameson. The film was produced by Lord Grade's ITC Entertainment. Although it starred respected and popular actors and boasted a big budget, the movie was a box office bomb and received little critical or popular praise and was also disliked by Cussler.", "Q337137": "El Hedi ben Salem (c. 1935 \u2013 1977) was a Moroccan actor best known for his work with German film director Rainer Werner Fassbinder.", "Q4553231": "Naveen Selvadurai (born January 27, 1982, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India) is an American internet entrepreneur and co-founder of location-based social networking site Foursquare.com. Until recently, he was working at startup studio Expa which was founded by co-founder of Uber and StumbleUpon - Garrett Camp, as a partner. He was featured in Inc Magazine's 30 under 30 list in the year 2010. He was also featured in Rediff.com's article - 4 NRIs among US's coolest young entrepreneurs.", "Q478309": "Astana Pro Team (UCI team code: AST) is a professional road bicycle racing team sponsored by the Samruk-Kazyna, a coalition of state-owned companies from Kazakhstan and named after its capital city Astana (which has since been renamed 'Nur-Sultan'). Astana attained UCI ProTeam status in its inaugural year, 2007. Following a major doping scandal involving Kazakhstani rider Alexander Vinokourov, team management was terminated and new management brought in for the 2008 season. The team was then managed by Johan Bruyneel, former team manager of U.S. Postal/Discovery Channel team. Under Bruyneel the ethical nature of the team did not improve, although Astana in this period was very successful. With a lineup including Grand Tour winner Alberto Contador, as well as runner-up Andreas Kl\u00f6den the results were there, however the team was on the verge of financial collapse in May 2009. A battle for control of the team led to the return of Vinokourov for the 2009 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a caused Bruyneel and at least fourteen of its riders to leave at the end of the 2009 season, most for Team RadioShack. Only four Spanish riders, including Contador, and most of the Kazakhs remained with the rebuilt team for 2010. Those four Spaniards all left the team for Saxo Bank\u2013SunGard in 2011.", "Q44825": "Otto (German: Otto Wilhelm Luitpold Adalbert Waldemar; 27 April 1848 \u2013 11 October 1916) was King of Bavaria from 1886 to 1913. However, he never actively ruled because of alleged severe mental illness. His uncle, Luitpold, and his cousin, Ludwig, served as regents.\nLudwig deposed him in 1913, a day after the legislature passed a law allowing him to do so, and became king in his own right.\nOtto was the son of Maximilian II and his wife, Marie of Prussia, and the younger brother of Ludwig II.", "Q440696": "Auguste Fran\u00e7ois Marie Glaziou (30 August 1828 \u2013 30 March 1906) was a French landscape designer and botanist born in Lannion, Brittany.\n\nAs a student in Paris, he earned a degree in civil engineering and took classes at the Mus\u00e9um national d'histoire naturelle. In 1858 at the request of Emperor Dom Pedro II, he relocated to Rio de Janeiro as director of parks and gardens.\nIn Brazil, Glaziou was responsible for landscape design at several sites, including the gardens at Quinta da Boa Vista, the residence of Brazilian royalty for much of the 19th century. During his tenure in Brazil he also participated in widespread plant collecting. In 1897 he returned to France and settled in Bordeaux, where he worked on his personal herbarium.\nThe genus Neoglaziovia and numerous botanical species are named after him. With Antoine Laurent Apollinaire F\u00e9e (1789-1874), he was co-author of the two-volume Cryptogames vasculaire (Foug\u00e8res, lycopodiac\u00e9es, hydropt\u00e9rid\u00e9es, \u00e9quis\u00e9tac\u00e9es) du Br\u00e9sil (1869-1873).", "Q237645": "Susan Melody George (born 26 July 1950) is an English film and television actress.", "Q313081": "Kyu Sakamoto (\u5742\u672c \u4e5d, Sakamoto Ky\u016b, born Hisashi Sakamoto (\u5742\u672c \u4e5d, Sakamoto Hisashi), raised as Hisashi \u014cshima (\u5927\u5cf6 \u4e5d, \u014cshima Hisashi), 10 December 1941 \u2013 12 August 1985) was a Japanese singer and actor, best known outside Japan for his international hit song \"Ue o Muite Aruk\u014d\" (known as \"Sukiyaki\" in English-speaking markets), which was sung in Japanese and sold over 13 million copies. It reached number one in the United States Billboard Hot 100 in June 1963, making Sakamoto the first Asian recording artist to have a number one song on the chart. Sakamoto, along with 519 others on board the flight, was killed in the crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123 on 12 August 1985; the deadliest single-aircraft accident to date. His number 1 hit song had lyrics which translate to \"Happiness lies beyond the clouds\" and \"Happiness lies up above the sky\".", "Q988301": "Sandro Bolchi (18 January 1924 \u2013 2 August 2005) was an Italian director, actor and journalist.", "Q61455": "Jonesboro is a city located on Crowley's Ridge in the northeastern corner of the U.S. State of Arkansas. Jonesboro is one of two county seats of Craighead County. According to the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 67,263 and is the fifth-largest city in Arkansas. In 2010, the Jonesboro metropolitan area had a population of 121,026 and a population of 163,116 in the Jonesboro-Paragould Combined Statistical Area.Jonesboro is the cultural and economic center of northeastern Arkansas, and the home of Arkansas State University.", "Q261403": "A Man and a Woman (French: Un homme et une femme) is a 1966 French film written and directed by Claude Lelouch and starring Anouk Aim\u00e9e and Jean-Louis Trintignant. Written by Lelouch and Pierre Uytterhoeven, the film is about a young widow and widower who meet by chance at their children's boarding school and whose budding relationship is complicated by the memories of their deceased spouses. The film is notable for its lush photography, which features frequent segues among full color, black-and-white, and sepia-toned shots, and for its memorable musical score by Francis Lai.\nA Man and a Woman had a total of 4,272,000 admissions in France and was also the 6th highest-grossing film of the year. In the United States, the film earned $14,000,000. The film won several awards, including the Palme d'Or at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival, two Golden Globe Awards for Best Foreign Language Film and Best Actress - Drama (for Aim\u00e9e), and two Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film and Best Original Screenplay. A sequel, A Man and a Woman: 20 Years Later (Un Homme et une Femme, 20 Ans D\u00e9j\u00e0) was released in 1986, followed by The Best Years of a Life, which was released in 2019.", "Q708130": "Georgy Valentinovich Boos (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u043e\u0441, born 22 January 1963) is a Russian businessman and politician, and was the governor of Kaliningrad Oblast.", "Q925493": "Miroslav Ivanov (1929 in Jozefov nad Metuj\u00ed \u2013 1999 in Prague) was a popular Czech nonfiction writer. \nHis father was executed during Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia. Ivanov studied history and Czech language at the Charles University in Prague. He then worked at the university for seven years. In 1960 he started work as a journalist and then began to publish books. He concentrated on the medieval and modern history of Czech people and published 37 works (1.5 million copies printed). He was also known outside Czechoslovakia. \nIn his books he used a very systemic approach of fact gathering and employed modern scientific verification technology: for example he was the first one to test Rukopis kr\u00e1lov\u00e9dvorsk\u00fd a zelenohorsk\u00fd (fake collection of ancient writings) using modern forgery detection methods.", "Q67024": "Wenslingen is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q1150311": "Toy's Factory Inc. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30c8\u30a4\u30ba\u30d5\u30a1\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc, Kabushiki gaisha Toizu Fakutori) is a Japanese record label founded in the late 1980s as a subsidiary of the entertainment company VAP, based in Japan. On May 30, 1990, it was established as an independent company.\nToy's Factory, as of the first half of 2012, is the fourth-biggest Japanese record label.\n\n", "Q77237": "John Augustus Roebling (born Johann August R\u00f6bling; June 12, 1806 \u2013 July 22, 1869) was a German-born American civil engineer. He designed and built wire rope suspension bridges, in particular the Brooklyn Bridge, which has been designated as a National Historic Landmark and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.\n\n", "Q352963": "James Rufus Agee ( AY-jee; November 27, 1909 \u2013 May 16, 1955) was an American novelist, journalist, poet, screenwriter and film critic. In the 1940s, he was one of the most influential film critics in the U.S. His autobiographical novel, A Death in the Family (1957), won the author a posthumous 1958 Pulitzer Prize.", "Q237651": "Kristine Tsuya \"Kristi\" Yamaguchi (born July 12, 1971) is an American former figure skater. In ladies' singles, Yamaguchi is the 1992 Olympic champion, a two-time World champion (1991 and 1992), and the 1992 U.S. champion. As a pairs skater with Rudy Galindo, she is the 1988 World Junior champion and a two-time national champion (1989 and 1990). In December 2005, she was inducted into the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame. In 2008, Yamaguchi became the celebrity champion in the sixth season of Dancing with the Stars.", "Q313095": "James Martin Lafferty (born July 25, 1985) is an American actor, director and producer. He is best known for his portrayal of Nathan Scott on The CW teen drama television series One Tree Hill from 2003 to 2012.", "Q51582": "William Friedkin (; born August 29, 1935) is an American film and television director, producer and screenwriter closely identified with the \"New Hollywood\" movement of the 1970s. Beginning his career in documentaries in the early 1960s, he is perhaps best known for directing the action thriller film The French Connection (1971) and the supernatural horror film The Exorcist (1973), the former of which won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Director. The latter also earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director.\nHis other films include the pioneering queer drama The Boys in the Band (1970), the suspense thriller Sorcerer (1977), the controversial crime film Cruising (1980), the action thriller To Live and Die in L.A. (1985), the psychological horror film Bug (2006), and the dark comedy Killer Joe (2011).", "Q560220": "Carmen Cavallaro (May 6, 1913 \u2013 October 12, 1989) was an American pianist. He established himself as one of the most accomplished and admired light music pianists of his generation.", "Q60987": "SS-Brigadef\u00fchrer Emil Otto Rasch (7 December 1891 \u2013 1 November 1948) was a high-ranking Nazi official in the occupied Eastern territories, commanding Einsatzgruppe C (northern and central Ukraine) until October 1941. After World War II, Rasch was indicted for war crimes, but the case was discontinued for medical reasons in 1948. He died in 1948 while in custody.", "Q186234": "Kufa (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0641\u064e\u0629\u200e al-K\u016bfah), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about 170 kilometres (110 mi) south of Baghdad, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000. Currently, Kufa and Najaf are joined into a single urban area that is mostly commonly known to the outside world as 'Najaf'.Along with Samarra, Karbala, Kadhimiya and Najaf, Kufa is one of five Iraqi cities that are of great importance to Shi'ite Muslims. The city was the final capital of the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib, and was founded during 639 CE (17 Hijrah) by the second Rashidun Caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab. It is also related that Muslims after conquest of Al-Madain were searching for a suitable place for habitation. Likewise others, Salman and Hudhayfa bin al-Yamman were also looking for. After choosing the land, they offered prayers there, thus marking the day of the foundation of Kufa.", "Q4498": "The Comtessa de Dia (Countess of Die), possibly named Beatritz or Isoarda (fl. c. 1175 or c. 1212), was a trobairitz (female troubadour).\nShe is only known as the comtessa de Dia in contemporary documents, but was most likely the daughter of Count Isoard II of Di\u00e1 (a town northeast of Montelimar in southern France). According to her vida, she was married to William of Poitiers, but was in love with and sang about Raimbaut of Orange (1146-1173). Bruckner, Shepard, and White cite Angela Rieger's analysis of the songs, which associates them, through intertextual evidence, with the circle of poets composed of Raimbaut d'Aurenga, Bernart de Ventadorn, and Azalais de Porcairagues. Marcelle Thi\u00e9baux, and Claude Marks have associated her not with Raimbaut d'Aurenga but with his nephew or great nephew of the same name. If her songs are addressed to Raimbaut d'Aurenga's nephew Raimbaut IV, the Comtessa de Dia may have been urging the latter to support Raymond V of Toulouse.It has also been hypothesised that the Comtessa de Dia was in fact married to Guillem's son, Ademar de Peiteus, whose wife's name was Philippa de Fay, and that her real lover was Raimbaut de Vaqueiras.\n\nBeatrice's poems were often set to the music of a flute. Five of her works survive, including 4 cansos and 1 tenson. Scholars have debated whether or not Comtessa authored Amics, en greu consirier, a tenso typically attributed to Raimbaut d'Aurenga. One reason for this is the similarities between this composition and her own Estat ai en greu consirier. A second reason references the words in her vida, Et enamoret se d'En Rambaut d' Aurenga, e fez de lui mantas bonas cansos (\"And she fell in love with Sir Raimbaut d'Aurenga, and made about him many good cansos\").A tenso between Giraut de Bornelh and Alamanda de Castelnau closely matches the structure of A chantar m'er de so qu'ieu non volria (\"I must sing a song I'd rather not\"). The phrase in it, vestida ni nuda (\"dressed nor nude\") echoes en lieig e quand sui vestida (\"in bed and when I am dressed\") in Estat ai en greu cossirier (\"I dwell in sorrow\"). The tenso may have been composed as a response to these songs.\nHer song A chantar m'er de so qu'eu no volria in the Occitan language is the only canso by a trobairitz to survive with its music intact. The music to A chantar is found only in Le manuscript di roi, a collection of songs copied around 1270 for Charles of Anjou, the brother of Louis IX.Her extant poems are:\nAb joi et ab joven m'apais\nA chantar m'er de so qu'ieu non volria\nEst\u00e2t ai en greu cossirier\nFin ioi me don'alegranssaTypical subject matter used by Comtessa de Dia in her lyrics includes optimism, praise of herself and her love, as well as betrayal. In A chantar, Comtessa plays the part of a betrayed lover, and despite the fact she has been betrayed, continues to defend and praise herself. In Fin ioi me don'alegranssa, however, Comtessa makes fun of the lausengier, a person known for gossiping, comparing those who gossip to a \"cloud that obscures the sun.\" In writing style, Comtessa uses a process known as coblas singulars in A chantar, repeating the same rhyme scheme in each strophe, but changing the a rhyme each time. Ab ioi, on the other hand, uses coblas doblas, with a rhyme scheme of ab' ab' b' aab'. A chantar uses some of the motifs of Idyll II of Theocritus.", "Q2572165": "William Earl Brown (born September 7, 1963) is an American actor, writer, producer, and musician. He is perhaps best known for his role as Dan Dority on the HBO series Deadwood. He also played Kenny in the 1996 film Scream and Warren in the 1998 film There's Something About Mary. He voiced and filmed performance capture for the character Bill in Naughty Dog's 2013 survival horror action video game The Last of Us. He also appeared in the series American Crime and Preacher, and in the Johnny Depp true-crime film Black Mass (2015).", "Q78110": "Ferdynand Fryderyk Radziwi\u0142\u0142 (1834 in Berlin \u2013 1926 in Rome) was a Polish nobleman and Polish-German politician. \nHe was the son of Bogus\u0142aw Fryderyk Radziwi\u0142\u0142 and Countess Leontyna von Clary und Aldringen. Through his paternal grandmother, Princess Louise of Prussia, he was a cousin of Russian and German Emperors. At the time Poland was partitioned, he lived in the German Empire, where he was a member of the German parliament (Reichstag) from 1874 to 1919. He was known as an important leader of the Polish minority and opponent of the Germanization and Kulturkampf policies. After Poland regained independence in 1918, he became a Polish citizen and a member of the Polish parliament (Sejm).\nSon of: Bogus\u0142aw Fryderyk Radziwi\u0142\u0142. Father of: Janusz Franciszek Radziwi\u0142\u0142, Micha\u0142 Radziwi\u0142\u0142 Rudy, Karol Ferdynand Radziwi\u0142\u0142, Ma\u0142gorzata.", "Q2447874": "William Hayward \"Bill\" Pickering (24 December 1910 \u2013 15 March 2004) was a New Zealand-born rocket scientist who headed Pasadena, California's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for 22 years, retiring in 1976. He was a senior NASA luminary and pioneered the exploration of space. Pickering was also a founding member of the United States National Academy of Engineering.", "Q98782": "Dietmar Dath (born 3 April 1970) is a German author, journalist and translator.", "Q179586": "Louis-Lucien Klotz (11 January 1868 \u2013 15 June 1930) was a French journalist and politician. He was the French Minister of Finance during World War I.", "Q301491": "Jason Cerbone (born November 2, 1977 in Yonkers, New York) is an American actor. He is most notable for the role of Jackie Aprile, Jr. on the hit HBO series The Sopranos.", "Q88591": "Alev Korun is a Turkish-Austrian politician. Korun was the first Turkish congresswoman in the Austrian Parliament (Greens).\nIn parliament, Korun has been serving as a member of the Committee on Human Rights and on the Committee on Internal Affairs since 2008. In 2013, she also joined the Committee on Foreign Affairs since 2013. She was a member of parliament till fall 2017, when the Greens lost all of their seats in the National Council.\nIn addition to her role in parliament, Korun has been serving as member of the Austrian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since 2012. As member of the Green Party, she is part of the Socialist Group. She currently serves on the Committee on Culture, Science, Education and Media and on the Sub-Committee on Refugee and Migrant Children and Young People. In 2017, she was part of the mission of observers from the 47-member Council of Europe to monitor the constitutional referendum that handed new powers to Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan.", "Q469210": "The Deutschv\u00f6lkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund (English: German Nationalist Protection and Defiance Federation) was the largest, most active, and most influential anti-Semitic federation in Germany after the First World War, and one of the largest and most important organizations of the German v\u00f6lkisch movement during the Weimar Republic (1918-1933), whose democratic-parliamentary system it unilaterally rejected. Its publishing arm put out some of the books that greatly influenced the opinions of those who later organized the Nazi Party, such as Heinrich Himmler, and after the Bund folded (c. 1924) many of its members eventually joined the Nazis.\nThe Schutz- und Trutzbund used as its symbols a blue cornflower and a swastika, and according to Peter Padfield its motto was \"Wir sind die Herren der Welt!\" (\"We are the masters of the world!\"). Not a single German source can be found which confirms this motto, which in fact is a verse from the song \"Der m\u00e4chtigste K\u00f6nig im Luftrevier\" (i.e. The mightiest king in the skies.) According to Ulrich Sieg the motto was Deutschland den Deutschen (\"Germany for the Germans\").", "Q289801": "\u00c9tienne Jodelle, seigneur de Limodin (1532 \u2013 July 1573), French dramatist and poet, was born in Paris of a noble family.He attached himself to the poetic circle of the Pl\u00e9iade and proceeded to apply the principles of the reformers to dramatic composition. Jodelle aimed at creating a classical drama that should be in every respect different from the moralities and soties that then occupied the French stage, his first play, Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre captive, was represented before the court at the h\u00f4tel de Reims in 1552. Jodelle himself took the title role, and the cast included his friends Remy Belleau and Jean Bastier de La P\u00e9ruse, in honour of the play's success the friends organized a little etc. at Arcueil when a goat garlanded with flowers was led in procession and presented to the author\u2014a ceremony exaggerated by the enemies of the Ronsardists into a renewal of the pagan rites of the worship of Bacchus.\n\nJodelle wrote two other plays. Eug\u00e8ne, a comedy satirizing the superior clergy, had less success than it deserved. Its preface poured scorn on Jodelle's predecessors in comedy, but in reality his own methods are not so very different from theirs. Didon se sacrifiant, a tragedy which follows Virgil's narrative, appears never to have been represented. Jodelle died in poverty in July 1573. His works were collected the year after his death by Charles de la Mothe. They include a quantity of miscellaneous verse dating chiefly from Jodelle's youth. The intrinsic value of his tragedies is small. Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre is lyric rather than dramatic. Throughout the five acts of the piece nothing actually happens. The death of Antony is announced by his ghost in the first act; the story of Cleopatra's suicide is related, but not represented, in the fifth. Each act is terminated by a chorus which moralizes on such subjects as the inconstancy of fortune and the judgments of heaven on human pride. But the play was the starting-point of French classical tragedy, and was soon followed by the M\u00e9d\u00e9e (1553) of Jean Bastier de La P\u00e9ruse and the Aman (1561) of Andr\u00e9 de Rivaudeau. Jodelle was a rapid worker, but idle and fond of dissipation. His friend Ronsard said that his published poems gave no adequate idea of his powers.Jodelle's works are collected (1868) in the Pl\u00e9iade fran\u00e7aise of Charles Marty-Laveaux. The prefatory notice gives full information of the sources of Jodelle's biography, and La Mothe's criticism is reprinted in its entirety.", "Q705400": "Joe Besser (August 12, 1907 \u2013 March 1, 1988) was an American actor, voice actor, comedian and musician, known for his impish humor and wimpy characters. He is best known for his brief stint as a member of the Three Stooges in cinematic short subjects of 1957\u201359. He is also remembered for his television roles: Stinky, the bratty man-child in The Abbott and Costello Show, and Jillson, the maintenance man in The Joey Bishop Show.", "Q1472347": "Southern Illinois University (SIU or SIUC) is a public research university in Carbondale, Illinois. Founded in 1869, SIU is the oldest campus of the Southern Illinois University system. The university enrolls students from all 50 states as well as more than 100 countries. SIU offers 3 associate, 100 bachelor's, 73 master's, and 36 Ph.D programs in addition to professional degrees in architecture, law, and medicine.", "Q116141": "Sergius Golowin (31 January 1930 in Prague, Czech Republic \u2013 17 July 2006 in Bern, Switzerland) was a Bern writer, myths researcher, librarian, recording artist and publicist.", "Q1402878": "Birthday (\u30d0\u30fc\u30b9\u30c7\u30a4, B\u0101sudei) is a story collection by Japanese writer Koji Suzuki and first published on February 5, 1999 in Japan. It is the fourth installment of Suzuki's Ring series.", "Q178698": "Wystan Hugh Auden (; 21 February 1907 \u2013 29 September 1973) was a British-American poet. Auden's poetry was noted for its stylistic and technical achievement, its engagement with politics, morals, love, and religion, and its variety in tone, form and content. Some of his best known poems are about love, such as \"Funeral Blues\"; on political and social themes, such as \"September 1, 1939\" and \"The Shield of Achilles\"; on cultural and psychological themes, such as The Age of Anxiety; and on religious themes such as \"For the Time Being\" and \"Horae Canonicae\".He was born in York, grew up in and near Birmingham in a professional middle-class family. He attended English independent (or public) schools and studied English at Christ Church, Oxford. After a few months in Berlin in 1928\u201329, he spent five years (1930\u201335) teaching in British public schools, then travelled to Iceland and China in order to write books about his journeys.\nIn 1939 he moved to the United States and became an American citizen in 1946, retaining his British citizenship. He taught from 1941 to 1945 in American universities, followed by occasional visiting professorships in the 1950s. From 1947 to 1957 he wintered in New York and summered in Ischia; from 1958 until the end of his life he wintered in New York (in Oxford in 1972\u201373) and summered in Kirchstetten, Lower Austria.\nHe came to wide public attention with his first book Poems at the age of twenty-three in 1930; it was followed in 1932 by The Orators. Three plays written in collaboration with Christopher Isherwood between 1935 and 1938 built his reputation as a left-wing political writer. Auden moved to the United States partly to escape this reputation, and his work in the 1940s, including the long poems \"For the Time Being\" and \"The Sea and the Mirror\", focused on religious themes. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for his 1947 long poem The Age of Anxiety, the title of which became a popular phrase describing the modern era. From 1956 to 1961 he was Professor of Poetry at Oxford; his lectures were popular with students and faculty, and served as the basis for his 1962 prose collection The Dyer's Hand.\nAuden and Isherwood maintained a lasting but intermittent sexual friendship from around 1927 to 1939, while both had briefer but more intense relations with other men. In 1939, Auden fell in love with Chester Kallman and regarded their relationship as a marriage, but this ended in 1941 when Kallman refused to accept the faithful relations that Auden demanded. However, the two maintained their friendship, and from 1947 until Auden's death they lived in the same house or apartment in a non-sexual relationship, often collaborating on opera libretti such as that of The Rake's Progress, to music by Igor Stravinsky.\nAuden was a prolific writer of prose essays and reviews on literary, political, psychological, and religious subjects, and he worked at various times on documentary films, poetic plays, and other forms of performance. Throughout his career he was both controversial and influential, and critical views on his work ranged from sharply dismissive\u2014treating him as a lesser figure than W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot\u2014to strongly affirmative, as in Joseph Brodsky's statement that he had \"the greatest mind of the twentieth century\". After his death, his poems became known to a much wider public than during his lifetime through films, broadcasts, and popular media.", "Q3172905": "Jean Konan Banny (July 14, 1929 \u2013 May 27, 2018) was an Ivorian politician of the Democratic Party of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire (PDCI). He is the brother of Charles Konan Banny, a former Prime Minister of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire.A lawyer, Banny served as Minister of Defense for C\u00f4te d'Ivoire from its independence in 1960 to 1963. In 1963, he was arrested, tried, and sentenced to death on charges of participating in President F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny's \"complot du chat noir\" (black cat conspiracy). Meanwhile, his office was transferred to Kouadio M'Bahia Bl\u00e9 whose ministership lasted more than 17 years. There was discontent in the army, as the generals stirred following his arrest and Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny had to intervene personally to sedate the army.Banny, who personally knew Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny from childhood, was pardoned and released in 1967. He asked Banny to be the mayor of Yamoussoukro, though Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny's successor, Henri Konan B\u00e9di\u00e9, appointed Banny as Resident Minister of the capital. The Resident Minister is a member of the Council of Elders of the PDCI, which includes roughly a hundred elders.He also directed the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fruiti\u00e8re du Bandama, an industrial company, which produces and exports fruit juice, mainly that of pineapples. The company created the popular drink Cristelor in 1983. Described as a delice d'ananas petillant, French for sparkling pineapple delight, it is popularly called pineapple champagne. Banny claimed the idea \"came to [him when he thought] to make a wine from pineapples\" and was named after his granddaughter Cristel. He also proposed an alcoholic version of the drink.", "Q307786": "Abdel Halim Ali Shabana (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u200e), commonly known as Abdel Halim Hafez (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u200e,Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [\u0295\u00e6bd el \u0127\u00e6li\u02d0m \u0127\u0251\u02d0f\u026az\u02e4]) (June 21, 1929 \u2013 March 30, 1977), was an Egyptian singer, actor, conductor, businessman, music teacher and movie producer. He is considered to be one of the greatest Egyptian musicians along with Umm Kulthum, Mohamed Abdel Wahab, Mohamed Fawzi, and Shadia. As his popularity grew, he was given the nickname 'el-Andaleeb el-Asmar (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0631\u200e), meaning The Dark-Skinned Nightingale. To date, he has sold over 80 million records.", "Q350806": "Adam Saunders (6 November 1986) is an Australian actor who has appeared in many television programs.", "Q1286": "The Alps are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, and stretch approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the French\u2013Italian border, and at 4,809 m (15,778 ft) is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains about a hundred peaks higher than 4,000 metres (13,000 ft).\nThe altitude and size of the range affects the climate in Europe; in the mountains precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones. Wildlife such as ibex live in the higher peaks to elevations of 3,400 m (11,155 ft), and plants such as Edelweiss grow in rocky areas in lower elevations as well as in higher elevations. Evidence of human habitation in the Alps goes back to the Palaeolithic era. A mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian\u2013Italian border in 1991.\nBy the 6th century BC, the Celtic La T\u00e8ne culture was well established. Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. In 1800, Napoleon crossed one of the mountain passes with an army of 40,000. The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists, writers, and artists, in particular, the Romantics, followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks.\nThe Alpine region has a strong cultural identity. The traditional culture of farming, cheesemaking, and woodworking still exists in Alpine villages, although the tourist industry began to grow early in the 20th century and expanded greatly after World War II to become the dominant industry by the end of the century. The Winter Olympic Games have been hosted in the Swiss, French, Italian, Austrian and German Alps. At present, the region is home to 14 million people and has 120 million annual visitors.", "Q337645": "Mazen Dana (Arabic: \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627\u200e, 1962 \u2013 17 August 2003) was a Palestinian journalist who worked as a Reuters cameraman. He spent a decade covering the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict in Hebron in the West Bank, for which he was awarded the 2001 International Press Freedom Award of the Committee to Protect Journalists. He was shot and killed by US soldiers in Baghdad, Iraq on 17 August 2003.", "Q184345": "Vi\u00f1a del Mar (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8bi\u0272a \u00f0el \u02c8ma\u027e]; meaning \"Vineyard of the Sea\") is a city and commune on central Chile's Pacific coast. Often referred to as La Ciudad Jard\u00edn (\"The Garden City\"), Vi\u00f1a del Mar is located within the Valpara\u00edso Region, and it is Chile's fourth largest city with a population of 324,836 (according to the 2012 census). Vi\u00f1a del Mar is also part of the Greater Valpara\u00edso area, the country's third largest metropolitan area (pop. 803,683, 2002 census), after the Metropolitan areas of Santiago and Concepci\u00f3n. The Greater Valpara\u00edso Area is home to five municipalities: Valpara\u00edso, Vi\u00f1a del Mar, Concon, Quilpue and Villa Alemana.", "Q128911": "Ezer Weizman listen (Hebrew: \u05e2\u05b5\u05d6\u05b6\u05e8 \u05d5\u05b7\u05d9\u05e6\u05b0\u05de\u05b8\u05df Ezer Vaytsman; 15 June 1924 \u2013 24 April 2005) was the seventh President of Israel, first elected in 1993 and re-elected in 1998. Before the presidency, Weizman was commander of the Israeli Air Force and Minister of Defense.", "Q213081": "Star Trek is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by J. J. Abrams and written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman. It is the eleventh film in the Star Trek film franchise, and is also a reboot that features the main characters of the original Star Trek television series portrayed by a new cast, as the first in the rebooted film series. The film follows James T. Kirk (Chris Pine) and Spock (Zachary Quinto) aboard the USS Enterprise as they combat Nero (Eric Bana), a Romulan from their future who threatens the United Federation of Planets. The story takes place in an alternate reality because of time travel by both Nero and the original Spock (Leonard Nimoy). The alternate timeline was created in an attempt to free the film and the franchise from established continuity constraints while simultaneously preserving original story elements.\nThe idea for a prequel film which would follow the Star Trek characters during their time in Starfleet Academy was discussed by series creator Gene Roddenberry in 1968. The concept resurfaced in the late 1980s, when it was postulated by Harve Bennett as a possible plotline for what would become Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, but it was rejected in favor of other projects by Roddenberry. Following the critical and commercial failure of Star Trek: Nemesis and the cancellation of Star Trek: Enterprise, the franchise's executive producer Rick Berman and screenwriter Erik Jendresen wrote an unproduced film titled Star Trek: The Beginning, which would take place after Enterprise. After the separation of Viacom and CBS Corporation in 2005, former Paramount Pictures president Gail Berman convinced CBS to allow Paramount to produce a new film in the franchise. Orci and Kurtzman, both fans of Star Trek, were approached to write the film, and J. J. Abrams was approached to direct it. Kurtzman and Orci used inspiration from novels and graduate school dissertations, as well as the series itself. Principal photography commenced on November 7, 2007, and ended on March 27, 2008. The film was shot in various locations around California and Utah. Abrams wanted to avoid using bluescreen and greenscreen, opting to use sets and locations instead. Heavy secrecy surrounded the film's production and was under the fake working title Corporate Headquarters. Industrial Light & Magic used digital ships for the film, as opposed to miniatures used in most of the previous films in the franchise. (Star Trek: Insurrection used CGI for almost all ship shots.) Production for the film concluded by the end of 2008.\nStar Trek was heavily promoted in the months preceding its release; pre-release screenings for the film premiered in select cities around the world, including Austin, Texas, Sydney, Australia, and Calgary, Alberta. It was released in the United States and Canada on May 8, 2009, to critical acclaim; critics praised its character development, as well as its storyline, effects, stunts, action sequences, direction, and Giacchino's musical score. The film was a box office success, grossing over $385.7 million worldwide against its $150 million production budget. It was nominated for several awards, including four Academy Awards at the 82nd Academy Awards, ultimately winning Best Makeup, making it the first Star Trek film to win an Academy Award. It was followed by the sequels Star Trek Into Darkness and Star Trek Beyond in 2013 and 2016, respectively.", "Q65141": "J\u00fcrgen Trumpf (born 8 July 1931, D\u00fcsseldorf) was appointed Secretary-General for the Council of the European Union and held the office from 1 September 1994 to 17 October 1999. \nWhen the Amsterdam Treaty came into force, he briefly became the first High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy but a month later made way for Javier Solana at the Cologne European Summit.", "Q43838": "Love, Death and the Devil (German: Liebe, Tod und Teufel) is a 1934 German drama film directed by Heinz Hilpert and Reinhart Steinbicker and starring K\u00e4the von Nagy, Albin Skoda and Brigitte Horney. It is based on Robert Louis Stevenson's story The Bottle Imp.The film's sets were designed by the art director Otto Hunte and\nWilly Schiller. The following year UFA's French subsidiary released a French-language version of the film The Devil in the Bottle.", "Q1758264": "Alan Mowbray MM (born Alfred Ernest Allen; 18 August 1896 \u2013 25 March 1969) was an English stage and film actor who found success in Hollywood.", "Q23114": "Lu Xun (Wade\u2013Giles romanisation: Lu Hs\u00fcn) was the pen name of Zhou Shuren (25 September 1881 \u2013 19 October 1936), a Chinese writer, essayist, poet, and literary critic. He was a leading figure of modern Chinese literature. Writing in Vernacular Chinese and Classical Chinese, he was a short story writer, editor, translator, literary critic, essayist, poet, and designer. In the 1930s, he became the titular head of the League of Left-Wing Writers in Shanghai.\nLu Xun was born into a family of landlords and government officials in Shaoxing, Zhejiang; the family's financial resources declined over the course of his youth. Lu aspired to take the imperial civil service exam, but due to his family's relative poverty he was forced to attend government-funded schools teaching \"Western education.\" Upon graduation, Lu went to medical school in Japan but later dropped out. He became interested in studying literature but was eventually forced to return to China because of his family's lack of funds. After returning to China, Lu worked for several years teaching at local secondary schools and colleges before finally finding a job at the Republic of China Ministry of Education.\nAfter the 1919 May Fourth Movement, Lu Xun's writing began to exert a substantial influence on Chinese literature and popular culture. Like many leaders of the May Fourth Movement, he was primarily a leftist. He was highly acclaimed by the Chinese government after 1949, when the People's Republic of China was founded, and Mao Zedong himself was a lifelong admirer of Lu Xun's writing. Though sympathetic to socialist ideas, Lu Xun never joined the Communist Party of China.", "Q1036094": "Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi is an American animated television series created by Sam Register for Cartoon Network. Produced by Renegade Animation and Cartoon Network Studios, the series stars fictionalized and animated versions of the Japanese pop rock group Puffy AmiYumi. The series premiered on November 19, 2004 and ended on June 27, 2006 with a total of three seasons and 39 episodes, leaving a total of 34 episodes aired and five episodes unaired in North America.\nDuring its run, the series has been nominated for an Annie Award three times. The series has developed a strong cult following. Merchandise based on the series has also been produced during its run, such as video games, home media releases, toys, and clothing.", "Q12339705": "Transatlantic Records was a British independent record label. The company was established in 1961, primarily as an importer of American folk, blues and jazz records by many of the artists who influenced the burgeoning British folk and blues boom. Within a few years, the company had started recording British artists. The company's philosophy was intentionally eclectic.", "Q14960": "Brno ( BUR-noh, Czech: [\u02c8br\u0329no] (listen); German: Br\u00fcnn [b\u0281\u028fn]) is a city in the South Moravian Region of Czechia. Located at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers, Brno has about 400,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic after the capital, Prague. Its metropolitan area has around 1,183,207 inhabitants.\nBrno is the centre of the Czech judiciary, with the seats of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court, and the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office, and a number of state authorities, including the Ombudsman, and the Office for the Protection of Competition. Brno is also an important centre of higher education, with 33 faculties belonging to 13 institutes of higher education and about 89,000 students.Brno Exhibition Centre ranks among the largest exhibition centres in Europe. The complex opened in 1928 and established the tradition of large exhibitions and trade fairs held in Brno. Brno hosts motorbike and other races on the Masaryk Circuit, a tradition established in 1930, in which the Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix is one of the most prestigious races. Another cultural tradition is an international fireworks competition, Ignis Brunensis, that attracts tens of thousands of daily visitors.The most visited sights of the city include the \u0160pilberk castle and fortress and the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul on Petrov hill, two medieval buildings that dominate the cityscape and are often depicted as its traditional symbols. The other large preserved castle near the city is Veve\u0159\u00ed Castle by Brno Reservoir. Another architectural monument of Brno is the functionalist Villa Tugendhat which has been included on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. One of the natural sights nearby is the Moravian Karst. The city is a member of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network and has been designated as a \"City of Music\" in 2017.", "Q1738590": "Kenneth William \"Ken\" Casey Jr. (born April 15, 1969) is an American musician who is a bass guitarist, primary songwriter, and one of the lead singers of the Boston Celtic punk group the Dropkick Murphys. Casey was one of the original members, starting the band in 1996 with guitarist Rick Barton and singer Mike McColgan. He is the only original member of the Dropkick Murphys left in the band, though drummer Matt Kelly joined shortly after formation in 1997. He is known for his melodic vocal parts and solid punk rock bass playing. Dropkick Murphys released their ninth album 11 Short Stories of Pain & Glory on January 6, 2017. Casey also founded the charity group The Claddagh Fund, owns two Boston restaurants, McGreevy's and Yellow Door Taqueria, and runs his own boxing promotion called Murphys Boxing. Casey has a small role in the 2016 film Patriots Day, about the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing and the subsequent terrorist manhunt.", "Q52935": "Charles XI, also Carl (Swedish: Karl XI) also Charles IV (24 November 1655 \u2013 5 April 1697 OS) was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death, in a period of Swedish history known as the Swedish Empire (1611\u20131718).\nHe was the only son of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp. His father died when he was four years old, so Charles was educated by his governors until his coronation at the age of seventeen. Soon afterward, he was forced out on military expeditions to secure the recently acquired dominions from Danish troops in the Scanian War. Having successfully fought off the Danes, he returned to Stockholm and engaged in correcting the country's neglected political, financial, and economic situation. He managed to sustain peace during the remaining 20 years of his reign. Changes in finance, commerce, national maritime and land armaments, judicial procedure, church government, and education emerged during this period. Charles XI was succeeded by his only son Charles XII, who made use of the well-trained army in battles throughout Europe.\nThe fact that Charles was crowned as Charles XI does not mean that he was the 11th king of Sweden who had the name Charles. His father's name (as the 10th) was due to his great-grandfather, King Charles IX of Sweden (1604\u20131611), having adopted his own numeral by using a mythological History of Sweden. This ancestor was actually the 5th King Charles. The numbering tradition thus begun still continues, with the present king of Sweden being Carl XVI Gustaf.", "Q2750368": "Maher Zain (Arabic: \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u200e; born 16 July 1981) is a Swedish R&B singer, songwriter and music producer of Lebanese origin. He released his debut album Thank You Allah, an internationally successful album produced by Awakening Records, in 2009. He released his follow-up album Forgive Me in April 2012 under the same production company, and a third album One (Maher Zain album) in 2016.", "Q236229": "Lyubov Petrovna Orlova (Russian: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044c \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430; 29 January [O.S. 11 February] 1902, Zvenigorod \u2013 26 January 1975, Moscow) was the first recognized star of Soviet cinema, a famous theatre actress, and a gifted singer.", "Q78676": "Johann Philipp Carl Joseph, Graf von Stadion-Warthausen (18 June 1763 \u2013 15 May 1824). Born in Mainz, he was a statesman, foreign minister, and diplomat who served the Habsburg empire during the Napoleonic Wars. He was also founder of Austria's central bank Oesterreichische Nationalbank. He was Count of Stadion-Warthausen from 1787 to 1806.", "Q46940": "Alcal\u00e1 de Henares (Spanish pronunciation: [alka\u02c8la \u00f0e e\u02c8na\u027ees]) is a Spanish city in the Community of Madrid. Straddling the Henares River, it is located 35 kilometres (22 miles) to the northeast of the centre of Madrid. As of 2018, it has a population of 193,751, making it the region's third most populated municipality.\nPredated by earlier settlements (oppida) on the left bank of the Henares, the city has its origins in the Complutum settlement founded in Roman times on the right bank (North) of the river, that became a bishopric seat in the 5th century. One of the several Muslim citadels in the Middle Mark of al-Andalus (hence the name Alcal\u00e1, a derivative of the Arabic term for citadel) was established on the left bank, while, after the Christian conquest culminated circa 1118, the bulk of the urban nucleus returned to the right bank. For much of the late middle-ages and the early modern period before becoming part of the province of Madrid, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares was a seigneurial estate of the archbishop of Toledo.\nIts historical centre is one of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.\nThe city has a long university tradition. Francisco Jim\u00e9nez de Cisneros founded the Complutense University in Alcal\u00e1 de Henares in the late 15th century. The city currently hosts the (refounded) University of Alcal\u00e1. It is the native city of Miguel de Cervantes.\nAs of 2019, the mayor is Javier Rodr\u00edguez Palacios (PSOE).", "Q60039": "Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (; German: [\u02c8\u0281a\u026anha\u0281t \u02c8t\u0281\u026astan \u02c8\u0254\u028f\u0261n\u0329 \u02c8ha\u026ad\u0281\u026a\u00e7] (listen); 7 March 1904 \u2013 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a main architect of the Holocaust. He was chief of the Reich Main Security Office (including the Gestapo, Kripo, and SD). He was also Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor (Deputy/Acting Reich-Protector) of Bohemia and Moravia. He served as president of the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC, later known as Interpol) and chaired the January 1942 Wannsee Conference which formalised plans for the \"Final Solution to the Jewish Question\"\u2014the deportation and genocide of all Jews in German-occupied Europe.\nMany historians regard Heydrich as the darkest figure within the Nazi regime; Adolf Hitler described him as \"the man with the iron heart\". He was the founding head of the Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service, SD), an intelligence organisation charged with seeking out and neutralising resistance to the Nazi Party via arrests, deportations, and murders. He helped organise Kristallnacht, a series of coordinated attacks against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and parts of Austria on 9\u201310 November 1938. The attacks were carried out by SA stormtroopers and civilians and presaged the Holocaust. Upon his arrival in Prague, Heydrich sought to eliminate opposition to the Nazi occupation by suppressing Czech culture and deporting and executing members of the Czech resistance. He was directly responsible for the Einsatzgruppen, the special task forces that travelled in the wake of the German armies and murdered more than two million people by mass shooting and gassing, including 1.3 million Jews.\nHeydrich was critically wounded in Prague on 27 May 1942 as a result of Operation Anthropoid. He was ambushed by a team of Czech and Slovak soldiers who had been sent by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile to kill the Reich-Protector; the team was trained by the British Special Operations Executive. Heydrich died from his injuries a week later. Nazi intelligence falsely linked the Czech/Slovak soldiers and resistance partisans to the villages of Lidice and Le\u017e\u00e1ky. Both villages were razed; all men and boys over the age of 16 were shot, and all but a handful of the women and children were deported and killed in Nazi concentration camps.", "Q76883": "Ernst Eduard vom Rath (3 June 1909 \u2013 9 November 1938) was a Nazi German diplomat. He is remembered for his assassination in Paris in 1938 by a Polish Jewish teenager, Herschel Grynszpan, which provided a pretext for the Kristallnacht, \"The Night of Broken Glass\".", "Q211696": "Keith John Moon (23 August 1946 \u2013 7 September 1978) was an English drummer for the rock band the Who. He was noted for his unique style and his eccentric, often self-destructive behaviour.\nMoon grew up in Alperton, a suburb of Wembley, in Middlesex, and took up the drums during the early 1960s. After playing with a local band, the Beachcombers, he joined the Who in 1964 before they recorded their first single. He remained with the band during their rise to fame, and was quickly recognised for his drumming style, which emphasised tom-toms, cymbal crashes, and drum fills. Throughout Moon's tenure with the Who his drum kit steadily grew in size, and (along with Ginger Baker) he has been credited as one of the earliest rock drummers to regularly employ double bass drums in his setup. Moon occasionally collaborated with other musicians and later appeared in films, but considered playing in the Who his primary occupation, and remained a member of the band until his death. In addition to his talent as a drummer, however, Moon developed a reputation for smashing his kit on stage and destroying hotel rooms on tour. He was fascinated by blowing up toilets with cherry bombs or dynamite, and by destroying television sets. Moon enjoyed touring and socialising, and became bored and restless when the Who were inactive. His 21st birthday party in Flint, Michigan, has been cited as a notorious example of decadent behaviour by rock groups.\nMoon suffered a number of setbacks during the 1970s, most notably the accidental death of chauffeur Neil Boland and the breakdown of his marriage. He became addicted to alcohol, particularly brandy and champagne, and acquired a reputation for decadence and dark humour; his nickname was \"Moon the Loon\". After moving to Los Angeles with personal assistant Peter \"Dougal\" Butler during the mid-1970s, Moon recorded his only solo album, the poorly received Two Sides of the Moon. While touring with the Who, on several occasions he passed out on stage and was hospitalised. By the time of their final tour with him in 1976, and particularly during production of The Kids Are Alright and Who Are You, the drummer's deterioration was evident. Moon moved back to London in 1978, dying in September of that year from an overdose of Heminevrin, a drug intended to treat or prevent symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.\nMoon's drumming continues to be praised by critics and musicians. He was posthumously inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1982, becoming only the second rock drummer to be chosen, and in 2011, Moon was voted the second-greatest drummer in history by a Rolling Stone readers' poll.\n\n", "Q67756": "Dalpe is a municipality in the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q1320128": "\u0110\u1eb7ng H\u1eefu Ph\u00fac (born 1953) is a Vietnamese pianist and composer best known for his film scores. A graduate of the Hanoi Conservatory, he has penned over 60 works, primarily for film and theatre.In 2001 he won the Vietnam National Film Award Best Music for The Season of Guavas. Then he subsequently won the Best Music prize in 2005 at the 8th Shanghai International Film Festival for his work on H\u1ed3 Quang Minh's film Th\u1eddi xa v\u1eafng (\"A Far Time Past\") based on the novel of the same name by L\u00ea L\u1ef1u.\u0110\u1eb7ng is best known as a composer of symphonies and orchestral music, combining this traditional European style of music with elements of traditional Vietnamese music, such as Nh\u1ea1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean. He is also noted in Vietnam for his instrumental music such as piano sonatas.", "Q335052": "Rafiq Zakaria (5 April 1920 \u2013 9 July 2005) was an Indian politician and Islamic religious cleric. He was closely associated with the Indian independence movement and the Indian National Congress party. He was known for his advocacy of conservative Islam.", "Q68465": "Julius Bab (December 11, 1880 \u2013 February 12, 1955) was a German dramatist and theater critic.\nHe was a cofounder of the Kulturbund Deutscher Juden. Bab was a close friend of journalist and theater critic Siegfried Jacobsohn and a key contributor to the early years of the magazine Schaub\u00fchne, the later Weltb\u00fchne. He was a mentor to the young actor and future film director Veit Harlan.In 1939 he emigrated to the United States through France. In 1951 he visited Germany in a lecture tour.\nHe died in Roslyn Heights, New York in 1955.", "Q1799438": "Michael \"Moose\" Thomas (born 4 June 1981) is a Welsh drummer and songwriter who is known for his role as founding member and drummer in heavy metal band Bullet for My Valentine.\nThomas said that he first played guitar for two years and then he started playing drums. He said his main influence is Dave Grohl of Nirvana and Foo Fighters and that if it were not for him, he would not be playing drums. Other influences include Scott Travis of Judas Priest, Vinnie Paul of Pantera and Dave Lombardo of Slayer.On 4 December 2017, Thomas officially announced that he had parted ways with Bullet for My Valentine, followed by an announcement of a band with current/former members of Throw the Fight, Threat Signal and Still Remains.On 9 January 2019, his new project was officially titled Kill the Lights and the single \"The Faceless\" was released.\n\n", "Q796": "Iraq (, (listen) or ; Arabic: \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0642\u200e, al-\u02bfir\u0101q; Kurdish: \u0639\u06ce\u0631\u0627\u0642\u200e \u00caraq), officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u200e Jumh\u016briyyah al-\u02bfIr\u0101q; Kurdish: \u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u06ce\u0631\u0627\u0642\u200e Komar\u00ee \u00caraq), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs, Kurds, Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians and Kawliya. Around 99% of the country's 38 million citizens are Muslims, with tiny minorities of Christians, Yarsans, Yezidis and Mandeans also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.\nIraq has a coastline measuring 58 km (36 miles) on the northern Persian Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain, the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert. Two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf. These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land.\nThe region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, historically known as Mesopotamia, is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation. It was here that mankind first began to read, write, create laws and live in cities under an organised government\u2014notably Uruk, from which \"Iraq\" is derived. The area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC. Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian and Babylonian empires. It was also part of the Median, Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman, Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, Ayyubid, Seljuk, Mongol, Timurid, Safavid, Afsharid and Ottoman empires.The country today known as Iraq was a region of the Ottoman Empire until the partition of the Ottoman Empire in the 20th century. It was made up of three provinces, called vilayets in the Ottoman language: Mosul Vilayet, Baghdad Vilayet, and Basra Vilayet. In April 1920 the British Mandate of Mesopotamia was created under the authority of the League of Nations. A British-backed monarchy joining these vilayets into one Kingdom was established in 1921 under Faisal I of Iraq. The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq gained independence from the UK in 1932. In 1958, the monarchy was overthrown and the Iraqi Republic created. Iraq was controlled by the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party from 1968 until 2003. After an invasion by the United States and its allies in 2003, Saddam Hussein's Ba'ath Party was removed from power, and multi-party parliamentary elections were held in 2005. The US presence in Iraq ended in 2011, but the Iraqi insurgency continued and intensified as fighters from the Syrian Civil War spilled into the country. Out of the insurgency came a highly destructive group calling itself ISIL, which took large parts of the north and west. It has since been largely defeated. Disputes over the sovereignty of Kurdistan Region continue. A referendum about the full sovereignty of Kurdistan Region was held on 25 September 2017. On 9 December 2017, then-Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi declared victory over ISIL after the group lost its territory in Iraq.Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic consisting of 19 governorates (provinces) and one autonomous region (Kurdistan Region). The country's official religion is Islam. Culturally, Iraq has a very rich heritage and celebrates the achievements of its past in both pre-Islamic as well as post-Islamic times and is known for its poets. Its painters and sculptors are among the best in the Arab world, some of them being world-class as well as producing fine handicrafts, including rugs and carpets. Iraq is a founding member of the UN as well as of the Arab League, OIC, Non-Aligned Movement and the IMF.", "Q689348": "Adam James Harold Holloway (born 29 July 1965) is a British Conservative Party politician and former journalist and military officer. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Gravesham since 2005. He has been a vocal supporter of pro-Brexit lobby group Leave Means Leave.\n\n", "Q66448": "Paul Bekker (September 11, 1882 in Berlin \u2013 March 7, 1937 in New York) was one of the most articulate and influential German music critics of the 20th century.\nThe music library of Yale University houses the Paul Bekker Collection, which contains a variety of letters, documents, receipts, photographs, printed scores and other forms of miscellany, some of which have great historical and musicological value.", "Q560546": "Leonard Warren (April 21, 1911 \u2013 March 4, 1960) was an American opera singer. A baritone, he was a leading artist for many years with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.", "Q46798": "Ahmad Sh\u0101h Durr\u0101n\u012b (c. 1722 \u2013 16 October 1772) (Pashto: \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a), also known as Ahmad Kh\u0101n Abd\u0101l\u012b (\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a), was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan. He began his career by enlisting as a young soldier in the military of the Afsharid kingdom and quickly rose to become a commander of the Abdali Regiment, a cavalry of four thousand Abdali Pashtun soldiers.\nAfter the assassination of Nader Shah Afshar in 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani was chosen as King of Afghanistan. Rallying his Afghan tribes and allies, he pushed east towards the Mughal and the Maratha empires of India, west towards the disintegrating Afsharid Empire of Persia, and north toward the Khanate of Bukhara. Within a few years, he extended his control from Khorasan in the west to Kashmir and North India in the east, and from the Amu Darya in the north to the Arabian Sea in the south.Durrani's mausoleum is located at Kandahar, Afghanistan, adjacent to the Shrine of the Cloak in the center of the city. Afghans often refer to him as Ahmad Sh\u0101h B\u0101b\u0101 (\"Ahmad Shah the Father\").\n\n", "Q122582": "Giuliana Jakobeit (born 1 October 1976 in Berlin as Giuliana Wendt) is a German voice actress.\nWith the support of her aunt she was able to launch her career. In Germany, she is best known for her role as Jennifer Lopez in Monster-in-Law and as Keira Knightley in Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl.", "Q271162": "Jennifer Chambers Lynch is an American film and television director and screenwriter. She is the daughter of filmmaker David Lynch. She is also known as the author of the book The Secret Diary of Laura Palmer.", "Q137819": "Adolphe Philippe d'Ennery or Dennery (17 June 1811 \u2013 25 January 1899) was a French playwright and novelist.", "Q111160": "Dr. Reinhard Brandl (born 11 August 1977) is a German politician of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU) who has been serving as a member of the German Bundestag since 2009, representing Ingolstadt.\n\n", "Q356287": "Paul Balthazar Getty (; born January 22, 1975) is an American actor and musician. He is a member of the band Ringside, the producer-half of rap duo The Wow, and a member of the Getty family. He is known for having played the roles of Ralph in Lord of the Flies, his recurring role as Richard Montana in Charmed, Thomas Grace on the American action drama Alias and Tommy Walker on the American drama Brothers & Sisters, the latter two of which have aired on ABC.", "Q35986": "Aesthetics, or esthetics (), is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty and taste, as well as the philosophy of art (its own area of philosophy that comes out of aesthetics). It examines subjective and sensori-emotional values, or sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste.Aesthetics covers both natural and artificial sources of aesthetic experience and judgment. It considers what happens in our minds when we engage with aesthetic objects or environments such as in viewing visual art, listening to music, reading poetry, experiencing a play, exploring nature, and so on. The philosophy of art specifically studies how artists imagine, create, and perform works of art, as well as how people use, enjoy, and criticize their art. It deals with how one feels about art in general, why they like some works of art and not others, and how art can affect our moods or even our beliefs. Both aesthetics generally and philosophy of art especially ask questions like \"what is art?\", \"what is a work of art?\", and \"what makes good art?\".\nScholars in the field have defined aesthetics as \"critical reflection on art, culture and nature\". In modern English, the term \"aesthetic\" can also refer to a set of principles underlying the works of a particular art movement or theory (one speaks, for example, of a Renaissance aesthetic).", "Q24653": "Apas Jumagulov (Russian: \u0410\u043f\u0430\u0441 \u0414\u0436\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0432, romanized: Apas D\u017eumagulov; Kyrgyz: \u0410\u043f\u0430\u0441 \u0416\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0432, romanized: Apas Cuma\u011fulov) (born 19 September 1934) served as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 14 December 1993 to 24 March 1998.\nHe studied geology and mineralogy at the Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas in Moscow and began his political career in the Communist Party of the Kyrgyz SSR in 1973, becoming a Secretary in the Central Committee of the Party in 1979 and President of Council of Ministers of Kyrgyz SSR in 1986. Jumagulov and Absamat Masaliyev were the two original candidates for the Kyrgyz Presidency on 25 October 1990, but neither could get the majority of votes, so the Republic's Supreme Soviet chose Askar Akayev to be the first President on 27 October 1990. Jumagulov served as the Ambassador to Germany from 1998 to 2003, and to Russia from 2005 to 2007.", "Q7896088": "The University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School (formerly the University of Pennsylvania Law School, sometimes shortened to Penn Law, UPenn Law, or Penn Carey Law) is the law school of the University of Pennsylvania, an Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is among the most selective and oldest law schools in the United States, and is currently ranked 7th overall by U.S. News & World Report. It offers the degrees of Juris Doctor (J.D.), Master of Laws (LL.M.), Master of Comparative Laws (LL.C.M.), Master in Law (M.L.), and Doctor of the Science of Law (S.J.D.).\nThe entering class typically consists of approximately 250 students, and admission is highly competitive. Penn Law's July 2018 weighted first-time bar passage rate was 92.09%. The law school is one of the \"T14\" law schools, that is, schools that have consistently ranked within the top 14 law schools since U.S. News & World Report began publishing rankings. In the class entering in 2018, over half of students were women, over a third identified as persons of color, and 10% of students enrolled with an advanced degree.The law school offers an extensive curriculum and hosts various student groups, research centers, and activities. Students publish the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, the oldest law journal in the country. Students also publish The Regulatory Review, a regulatory news, analysis, and commentary that publishes daily. Among the school's alumni are a US Supreme Court Justice, several state Supreme Court Justices and supreme court justices of foreign countries, as well as several founders of law firms, university presidents and deans, business entrepreneurs, and politicians.\nBased on student survey responses, ABA, and NALP data, 99.2% of the Class of 2018 obtained full-time employment after graduation, with a median salary of $180,000, as 76% of students joined law firms and 11% obtained judicial clerkships. The law school was ranked # 2 of all law schools nationwide by the National Law Journal in terms of sending the highest percentage of 2018 graduates to the 100 largest law firms in the US (60%).", "Q646511": "Sugarcult is an American rock band from Santa Barbara, California formed in 1999. The band currently consists of Tim Pagnotta (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Airin Older (bass guitar, backing vocals), Marko DeSantis (formerly known as \"Marko 72\") (lead guitar), and Kenny Livingston (drums, percussion).", "Q22222": "Kirsten Elizabeth Gillibrand (n\u00e9e Rutnik; (listen) KEER-st\u0259n JIL-i-brand; born December 9, 1966) is an American lawyer and politician and a member of the Democratic Party. She has served as the junior United States Senator from New York since 2009, and was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 2007 to 2009.\nBorn and raised in upstate New York, Gillibrand graduated from Dartmouth College and from the UCLA School of Law. After holding positions in government and private practice and working on Hillary Clinton's 2000 U.S. Senate campaign, Gillibrand was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 2006. She represented New York's 20th congressional district, a conservative district in upstate New York, and was re-elected in 2008. During her House tenure, Gillibrand was a Blue Dog Democrat noted for voting against the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.\nFollowing Senator Clinton's appointment as Secretary of State in 2009, Governor David Paterson selected Gillibrand to fill the Senate seat that had been vacated by Clinton. Gillibrand won a special election in 2010 to keep the seat, and was re-elected to full terms in 2012 and 2018. During her Senate tenure, Gillibrand has shifted to the left. She has been outspoken on sexual assault in the military and sexual harassment, having criticized President Bill Clinton and Senator Al Franken, both fellow Democrats, for alleged sexual misconduct. She supports paid family leave, a federal jobs guarantee, and the abolition and replacement of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\nGillibrand was a candidate for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in 2020, following an official campaign announcement on March 17, 2019. After failing to qualify for the third debate, she withdrew from the race on August 28, 2019.", "Q185073": "Nestorius (; in Greek: \u039d\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2; c. 386 \u2013 450) was Archbishop of Constantinople from 10 April 428 to August 431, when Emperor Theodosius II confirmed his condemnation by the Council of Ephesus on 22 June.\nHis teachings included a rejection of the long-used title of Theotokos, \"Mother of God\", for Mary, mother of Jesus, and they were considered by many to imply that he did not believe that Christ was truly God. That brought him into conflict with other prominent churchmen of the time, most notably Cyril of Alexandria, who accused him of heresy.\nNestorius sought to defend himself at the First Council of Ephesus in 431 but instead found himself formally condemned for heresy by a majority of the bishops and was subsequently removed from his see. On his own request, he retired to his former monastery, in or near Antioch. In 435, Theodosius II sent him into exile in Upper Egypt, where he lived on until 450, strenuously defending his orthodoxy. His last major defender within the Roman Empire, Theodoret of Cyrrhus, finally agreed to anathematize him in 451 during the Council of Chalcedon.\nFrom then on, he had no defenders within the empire, but the Church of the East never accepted his condemnation. That led later to western Christians giving the name Nestorian Church to the Church of the East where his teachings were deemed Orthodox and in line with its own teachings. Nestorius is revered as among three \"Greek Teachers\" of the Church (in addition to Diodorus of Tarsus and Theodore of Mopsuestia). Parts of the Church of the East's Eucharistic Service, which is known to be among the oldest in the world, is contributed to with prayers attributed to Nestorius himself.\nThe Second Council of Constantinople of AD 553 confirmed the validity of the condemnation of Nestorius, refuting the letter of Ibas of Edessa which claimed that Nestorius was condemned without due inquiry.The discovery, translation and publication of his Bazaar of Heracleides at the beginning of the 20th century have led to a reassessment of his theology in western scholarship. It is now generally agreed that his ideas were not far from those that eventually emerged as orthodox, but the orthodoxy of his formulation of the doctrine of Christ is still controversial.", "Q4706288": "Alan Burrough, CBE (22 February 1917 \u2013 23 July 2002) was a British businessman, army officer and rower. He was Chairman of James Burrough Ltd, the distiller of Beefeater Gin.\nBurrough rowed at Jesus College, Cambridge then at Thames Rowing Club. He rowed ten times at Henley Royal Regatta, reaching the final on six occasions but never winning. He was Captain of Thames in 1946-47 and President from 1978 until ill health forced him to retire a short while before his death. He was appointed a Steward of Henley Royal Regatta in 1951 and was on the Management Committee from 1960 to 1985. In 1987 he and his wife Rosie donated \u00a3515,000 to the regatta, enabling the purchase of a lease of Temple Island for 999 years.\nBurrough married Rosemary June Bruce (Rosie) in November 1939.In the Second World War, Burrough served as an artillery observation officer in North Africa and lost the lower part of his right leg. He was the owner of Corbiere (though the horse was registered in his son's name), which won the 1983 Grand National.", "Q1406388": "Ferman Akgul (born 25 December 1979) is a Turkish singer, songwriter, TV host and actor. He is the lead singer of Turkish rock band maNga. In 2015 he opened the independent record label 06 Records and released his first solo single \"\u0130stemem S\u00f6z Sevmeni\" in early 2016.", "Q113777": "Alfons Gabriel (1894\u20131976) was an Austrian geographer, explorer and travel writer who made several trips to the deserts of Iran, during 1927-8, 1933, and 1937.Gabriel wrote five books about his trips and findings. His book Durch Persiens W\u00fcsten (1935) is translated into Persian.\n\n", "Q365895": "Laurence Mustard \"Corky\" Laing (born January 26, 1948) is a Canadian rock drummer, best known as a longtime member of pioneering American hard rock band Mountain.,", "Q70202": "Moudon (Latin: Minnodunum; German: Milden) is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It was the seat of Moudon District and is now in the Broye-Vully district.", "Q103564": "Louise Brachmann (2 February 1777 \u2014 17 September 1822) was a German poet, short story writer, and novelist.", "Q561670": "Arthur Young (11 September 1741 \u2013 12 April 1820) was an English writer on agriculture, economics and social statistics, and a campaigner for the rights of agricultural workers. Not himself successful as a farmer, he built on connections and activities as a publicist a substantial reputation as an expert on agricultural improvement. After the French Revolution of 1789, his views on its politics carried weight as an informed observer, and he became an important opponent of British reformers. Young is considered a major English writer on agriculture, although he is best known as a social and political observer. Also read widely were his Tour in Ireland (1780) and Travels in France (1792).", "Q191006": "14 Days to Life (German: 14 Tage lebensl\u00e4nglich) is a 1997 German thriller film directed by Roland Suso Richter.", "Q69753": "Michael K\u00fchnen (21 June 1955 \u2013 25 April 1991) was a leader in the German neo-Nazi movement. He was one of the first post-World War II Germans to openly embrace Nazism and call for the formation of a Fourth Reich. He enacted a policy of setting up several differently named groups in an effort to confuse German authorities, who were attempting to shut down neo-Nazi groups. K\u00fchnen's homosexuality was made public in 1986, and he died of HIV-related complications in 1991.", "Q923960": "Peter Maas (June 27, 1929 \u2013 August 23, 2001) was an American journalist and author. He was born in New York City and attended Duke University. Maas had Dutch and Irish heritage.He was the biographer of Frank Serpico, a New York City Police officer who testified against police corruption. He is also the author of the number one New York Times bestseller, Underboss, about the life and times of Sammy \"The Bull\" Gravano.\nHis other notable bestsellers include The Valachi Papers, Manhunt, and In a Child's Name, recipient of the 1991 Edgar Award for Best Fact Crime book. The Valachi Papers, which told the story of Mafia turncoat Joseph Valachi, is widely considered to be a seminal work, as it spawned an entire genre of books written by or about former Mafiosi.\nPeter Maas was married to Audrey Gellen Maas, with whom he adopted a son, John-Michael Maas. Audrey died in 1975. Maas died in New York City, aged 72, on August 23, 2001; he is survived by his third wife, Suzanne, and their son, Terrence. He made a brief cameo as himself in an episode of Homicide: Life on the Street.", "Q463715": "William \"Billy\" Sheehan (born March 19, 1953), is an American bassist known for his work with Talas, Steve Vai, David Lee Roth, Mr. Big, Niacin, and The Winery Dogs. Sheehan has won the \"Best Rock Bass Player\" readers' poll from Guitar Player magazine five times for his \"lead bass\" playing style. Sheehan's repertoire includes the use of chording, two-handed tapping, right-hand \"three-finger picking\" technique and controlled feedback.", "Q269705": "Kate Todd (born December 12, 1987) is a Canadian actress and singer-songwriter. She is best known for her roles as Lily Randall in Radio Free Roscoe and Sally in Life with Derek. She is also known for her continuing role as Erica in the movie and series My Babysitter's a Vampire and has a recurring role in the Canadian drama series The L.A. Complex as Katee.", "Q93827": "George William Summers (March 4, 1804 \u2013 September 19, 1868) was an attorney, politician, and judge from Virginia (and what became West Virginia during the American Civil War).", "Q61469": "Heinrich Kuhl (September 17, 1797 \u2013 September 14, 1821) was a German naturalist and zoologist.\nKuhl was born in Hanau (Hesse, Germany). Between 1817 and 1820 he was the assistant of professor Th. van Swinderen, docent Natural History at the University of Groningen in Groningen (Netherlands). In 1817 he published a monograph on bats, and in 1819 he published a survey of the parrots, Conspectus psittacorum. He also published the first monograph on the petrels, and a list of all the birds illustrated in Daubenton's Planches Enlumin\u00e9es and with his friend Johan Coenraad van Hasselt (1797\u20131823) Beitr\u00e4ge zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie (\"Contributions to Zoology and Comparative Anatomy\") that were published at Frankfurt-am-Main, 1820. \nIn 1820 he became assistant to Coenraad Jacob Temminck at the Leiden Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie. He then travelled to Java, then part of the colonial Netherlands East Indies, with his friend van Hasselt, to study the animals of the island, sending back to the museum at Leiden 200 skeletons, 200 mammal skins of 65 species, 2000 bird skins, 1400 fish, 300 reptiles and amphibians, and many insects and crustaceans.He described many new species and new genera of amphibians and reptiles.In 1821 he died in Buitenzorg (now Bogor) of a liver infection brought on by the climate and overexertion. He had been less than a year in Java. Johan van Hasselt continued his work collecting specimens, but died two years later. The partners are buried in a single grave in the Botanoical Garden, Bogor, marked with a small column.\n\nSeveral species have been named to commemorate his work as naturalist and zoologist:\nFishes\n\nBluespotted stingray or Kuhl's stingray, Neotrygon kuhlii\nKuhl's loach or kuhli loach, Pangio kuhlii\nKuhlia, a genus of marine fish, flagtailHerpetofauna\n\nKuhl's Creek Frog or Large-headed Frog, Limnonectes kuhlii, found in Southeast Asia\nKuhl's forest dragon, Gonocephalus kuhli, a lizard found in Indonesia\nKuhl's Flying Gecko, Ptychozoon kuhli, a gecko found in Southeast AsiaBirds\n\nRimatara Lorikeet or Kuhl's Lorikeet, Vini kuhlii lorikeet in islands of the South PacificMammals\n\nAxis kuhlii, Bawean deer\nCallithrix kuhlii\nEptesicus kuhli, synonym of Eptesicus nilssonii\nPipistrellus kuhlii, Kuhl's Pipistrelle\nSciurillus pusillus kuhlii\nScotophilus kuhlii", "Q84383": "Carl Wilhelm Petersen (born 1 January 1868 in Hamburg; died 6 November 1933 in Hamburg) was a German lawyer, politician for the German Democratic Party (German abbr.: DDP) and First Mayor of Hamburg (1924 \u2013 29 and 1932 \u2013 33).\nPetersen, who in 1912 ranked among the 200 richest Hamburgers, was elected a member of the Hamburg Parliament in 1899. His grandfather Carl Friedrich Petersen had officiated as Hamburg's head of government (first burgomaster) until his death in 1892. A member of the Progressive People's Party he joined the faction of the right. After in 1906 Hamburg's new suffrage law (nicknamed Wahlrechtsraub, i.e. suffrage robbery) increased the influence of voters paying high taxes on the expense of others, which Petersen opposed, he joined the newly formed faction of the United Liberals, one of the predecessors of the post-World War I DDP. Petersen became the head of the United Liberals.\nOn 20 April 1918 the Hamburg Parliament elected Petersen a lifelong Senator of Hamburg. On 12 November 1918 the Hamburg revolutionary Soldiers' and Workers' Council deposed the Senate of Hamburg, but reappointed senate and senators as acting administration only on 18 November. In this function Petersen continued into the Weimar Republic, until the complete senate resigned on 27 March 1919, thus ending the life-term mandates under Hamburg's old 1860 constitution.\nOn 28\u201330 March 1919 the Hamburg Parliament, first time elected under equal suffrage by men and women of Hamburg, elected a new senate, into which Petersen and six more pre-war senators were re\u00eblected, besides eleven new senators. Petersen gained 103 of 160 votes. Petersen was re\u00eblected senator in 1921, 1924, 1928, 1931 and 1932. In 1919 Petersen himself was no member of the Hamburg Parliament any more, but returned from 1921 to 1924 and again from 1928 to 1933.\nFrom 1919 to 1924 he was president of the DDP, then a member of the German Parliament, and in its successor German State Party he was one of three collegial speakers from 1932 to 1933. In 1924 his fellow senators elected him First Mayor of Hamburg, thus head of state and of government (president of the senate) - though under the auspices of a primus inter pares regulation -, and re\u00eblected until 1929. Then Petersen became Second Mayor (deputy mayor) under his successor First Mayor Rudolf Ross, succeeding him again as of 1 January 1932. On 4 March 1933 he resigned from office as First Mayor and senator, unwilling to execute orders he considered illegal given by Hitler's new government. After the end of Hitler's reign the Control Commission for Germany - British Element appointed his younger brother Rudolf Petersen First Mayor in 1945.", "Q67018": "Karl Theodor Helfferich (22 July 1872 \u2013 23 April 1924) was a German politician, economist, and financier from Neustadt an der Weinstra\u00dfe in the Palatinate.", "Q690157": "Iseo was a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It was incorporated into the comune of Bioggio in 2008.", "Q561116": "Stefano Benni (born 12 August 1947) is an Italian satirical writer, poet and journalist. His books have been translated into around 20 foreign languages and scored notable commercial success. 2.5 million copies of his books have been sold in Italy.\n\n", "Q60777": "Manfred Hermann W\u00f6rner (24 September 1934 in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt \u2013 13 August 1994 in Brussels) was a German politician and diplomat. He served as the defense minister of West Germany between 1982 and 1988. He then served as the seventh Secretary General of NATO from 1988 to 1994. His term as Secretary General saw the end of the Cold War and the German reunification. Whilst serving in that position, he was diagnosed with cancer, but, in spite of his illness, continued serving until his final days.", "Q270532": "The University of Aberdeen (abbreviated as Aberd. in post-nominals) is a public research university in Aberdeen, Scotland. It is an ancient university founded in 1495 when William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen and Chancellor of Scotland, petitioned Pope Alexander VI on behalf of James IV, King of Scots to establish King's College, making it Scotland's third-oldest university and the fifth-oldest in the English-speaking world. Today, Aberdeen is consistently ranked among the top 200 universities in the world and is ranked within the top 30 universities in the United Kingdom. In 2019, Aberdeen was ranked 31st in the world for impact on society according to Times Higher Education University Impact Rankings. Aberdeen was also named the 2019 Scottish University of the Year by The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide.The university as it is currently comprised was formed in 1860 by a merger between King's College and Marischal College, a second university founded in 1593 as a Protestant alternative to the former. The university's iconic buildings act as symbols of wider Aberdeen, particularly Marischal College in the city centre and the crown steeple of King's College in Old Aberdeen. There are two campuses; the predominantly utilised King's College campus dominates the section of the city known as Old Aberdeen, which is approximately two miles north of the city centre. Although the original site of the university's foundation, most academic buildings apart from the King's College Chapel and Quadrangle were constructed in the 20th century during a period of significant expansion. The university's Foresterhill campus is next to Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and houses the School of Medicine and Dentistry as well as the School of Medical Sciences. Together these buildings comprise one of Europe's largest health campuses. The annual income of the institution for 2017\u201318 was \u00a3219.5 million of which \u00a356.1 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3226.8 million.Aberdeen has 14,775 students from undergraduate to doctoral level (as of 2018/19), including many international students. An abundant range of disciplines are taught at the university, with 650 undergraduate degree programmes offered in the 2012\u201313 academic year. Many important figures in the field of divinity were educated at the university, particularly in its earlier history, giving rise to the Aberdeen doctors in the 17th century, and the prolific enlightenment philosopher Thomas Reid during the Scottish Enlightenment. Five Nobel laureates have since been associated with the university.", "Q181573": "Fazil Abdulovich Iskander (Russian: \u0424\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0418\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0440; Abkhazian: \u0424\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043b-\u0438\u04a7\u0430 \u0418\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440; 6 March 1929 \u2013 31 July 2016) was a Soviet and Russian writer and poet known in the former Soviet Union for his descriptions of Caucasian life. He authored various stories, most famously \"Zashita Chika\", which features a crafty and likable young boy named \"Chik\".", "Q795985": "The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is an international organisation of seven nations of South Asia and South East Asia, housing 1.5 billion people and having a combined gross domestic product of $3.5 trillion (2018). The BIMSTEC member states\u2014Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand , Nepal and Bhutan \u2014are among the countries dependent on the Bay of Bengal.\nFourteen priority sectors of cooperation have been identified and several BIMSTEC centres have been established to focus on those sectors. A BIMSTEC free trade agreement is under negotiation (c. 2018), also referred to as mini SAARC.\nLeadership is rotated in alphabetical order of country names. The permanent secretariat is in Dhaka.", "Q495083": "Andrea Star Reese (born on March 14th, 1952 in Milwaukee) is a documentary photographer and photojournalist based in New York City who has done work in Indonesia as well as the United States. Her BFA and MFA are from the California Institute of the Arts school of Film/Video and she graduated from the International Center of Photography's Documentary Photography and Photojournalism program.", "Q296909": "Massimo Moratti (born 16 May 1945) is an Italian petroleum businessman, the former owner of Inter Milan and chairman of the Saras Group, founded in 1962 by his father, industrialist Angelo Moratti. The main production site of the Saras Group is the Sarroch refinery located on the island of Sardinia, one of Europe's only six supersites, with a capacity of 300,000 barrels per day, representing 15% of refining capacity in Italy. In recent years, initially to enable independence of the Sarroch refinery from terms of energy, the Saras Group has entered into the production of electricity and is expanding its production of alternative energy sources, particularly in the field of wind energy, through its subsidiaries Sarlux and Sardeolica, the latter of which is controlled indirectly through the company Eolici Ulassai.\nFrom 1995 until 2013, Moratti was the chairman of F.C. Internazionale Milano. He is said to have spent around \u20ac1.5 billion of his personal fortune in the transfer market, and was famous for signing numerous football superstars.\nHe was Inter's honorary chairman, and also a United Nations goodwill ambassador. In 2013, he was inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame.", "Q1324400": "El Nacional is a Venezuelan publishing company under the name C.A. Editorial El Nacional, most widely known for its El Nacional newspaper and website. It, along with \u00daltimas Noticias and El Universal, are the most widely read and circulated daily national newspapers in the country, and it has an average of more than 80,000 papers distributed daily and 170,000 copies on weekends.It has traditionally had a center-left ideology, but has recently moved to the center. The paper supported the candidacy of Hugo Chavez in 1998. Current editor and proprietor Miguel Henrique Otero founded the Movimiento 2D opposition movement, which supports the opposition electoral coalition Mesa de la Unidad Democr\u00e1tica.\nSince the increase of censorship in Venezuela during the presidencies of Hugo Ch\u00e1vez and Nicol\u00e1s Maduro, El Nacional has been described as one of the last independent newspapers in Venezuela.El Nacional published its final print edition on 14 December 2018 (after having been cut to five print editions per week back in August), joining in the dozens of anti-government newspapers in the nation that have stopped printing due to paper and toner shortages. It will become an exclusively online newspaper after the date.", "Q1115671": "Dominique Leurquin is a French guitarist, best known for his collaborations with Luca Turilli; he is a current member of Turilli / Lione Rhapsody, a former member of Luca Turilli's Rhapsody and Luca Turilli's Dreamquest, and a former session member of Rhapsody of Fire.\n\n", "Q525754": "Rose McDowall (n\u00e9e Porter; born 21 October 1959) is a Scottish musician. Along with Jill Bryson, in 1981 she formed the new wave band Strawberry Switchblade.", "Q369711": "Cyrus Sahukar (born 6 August 1980) is an Indian VJ and Bollywood actor. He is known for his comic wit in shows like Semi Girebaal and other such satirical comedy shows, hosting, and spoofs.", "Q98972": "Kurt M\u00e4lzer (2 August 1894 in Altenburg \u2013 24 March 1952 in Werl) was a German general of the Luftwaffe and a war criminal during World War II. In 1943, M\u00e4lzer was appointed the military commander of the city of Rome, subordinated to General Eberhard von Mackensen under the overall command of Field Marshal Albert Kesselring. Under his authority, M\u00e4lzer commanded not only the garrison Wehrmacht troops in Rome itself, but also indirectly the SS security forces in the city (although these troops were nominally under the authority of the SS and Police Leader of the region, Wilhelm Harster).\nM\u00e4lzer was one of the German commanders in Rome directly responsible for the Ardeatine massacre in March 1944. M\u00e4lzer ordered the massacre which was then planned and carried out by the SS troops. After the war, M\u00e4lzer was put on trial by the Allies and sentenced to death, later commuted to a prison term. He died in prison in 1952.", "Q348907": "Hossein Alizadeh (Persian: \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200e) is an Iranian musician, composer, radif-preserver, researcher, teacher, and tar and setar instrumentalist and improviser. He has performed with such musicians as Shahram Nazeri, Madjid Khaladj, and Jivan Gasparyan, as well as with a number of orchestras and ensembles.", "Q327318": "Tonadico (German: Thunadich) was a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,429 and an area of 89.4 square kilometres (34.5 sq mi). It was merged with Siror, Fiera di Primiero and Transacqua on January 1, 2016, to form a new municipality, Primiero San Martino di Castrozza.The municipality of Tonadico contains the frazioni (subdivisions) Tressane and part of San Martino di Castrozza.\nTonadico borders the following municipalities: Falcade, Moena, Canale d'Agordo, Taibon Agordino, Predazzo, Siror, Voltago Agordino, Gosaldo, Sagron Mis, Transacqua and Fiera di Primiero.", "Q2324150": "William Lucking (born June 17, 1941) is an American film, television, and stage actor, best known for his role as Piney Winston in Sons of Anarchy (2008\u20132011).", "Q129399": "Charles William \"Chuck\" Whalen Jr (July 31, 1920 \u2013 June 27, 2011) was an \nAmerican politician from Ohio. Whalen was a member of the Republican Party who served in the Ohio House of Representatives, Ohio State Senate, and the United States House of Representatives. In his six terms in the U.S. House, Whalen established himself in the liberal wing of the Republican Party and led opposition to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.", "Q44819": "Suharto (, Indonesian pronunciation ; 8 June 1921 \u2013 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian military leader and politician who served as the second president of Indonesia, holding the office for 31 years, from the ousting of Sukarno in 1967 until his resignation in 1998. He was widely regarded by foreign observers as a dictator. However, the legacy of his 31-year rule is still debated at home and abroad.Suharto was born in a small village, Kemusuk, in the Godean area near the city of Yogyakarta, during the Dutch colonial era. He grew up in humble circumstances. His Javanese Muslim parents divorced not long after his birth, and he lived with foster parents for much of his childhood. During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, Suharto served in Japanese-organised Indonesian security forces. Indonesia's independence struggle saw his joining the newly formed Indonesian Army. Suharto rose to the rank of major general following Indonesian independence.\nAn attempted coup on 30 September and 1 October 1965, which according to the official history made by the army, backed by the Communist Party of Indonesia, was \"countered\" by Suharto-led troops. The army subsequently led an anti-communist purge, which the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency described as \"one of the worst mass murders of the 20th century\" and Suharto wrested power from Indonesia's founding president, Sukarno. He was appointed acting president in 1967 and elected president the following year. He then mounted a social campaign known as \"de-Sukarnoization\" to reduce the former president's influence. Support for Suharto's presidency was active throughout the 1970s and 1980s. By the 1990s, the New Order's authoritarianism and widespread corruption were a source of discontent and, following the 1997 Asian financial crisis which led to widespread unrest, he resigned in May 1998. Suharto died in 2008 and was given a state funeral.\nUnder his \"New Order\" administration, Suharto constructed a strong, centralised and military-dominated government. An ability to maintain stability over a sprawling and diverse Indonesia and an avowedly anti-Communist stance won him the economic and diplomatic support of the West during the Cold War. For most of his presidency, Indonesia experienced significant industrialisation, economic growth, and improved levels of educational attainment.Plans to award National Hero status to Suharto are being considered by the Indonesian government and have been debated vigorously in Indonesia. According to Transparency International, Suharto is the most corrupt leader in modern history, having embezzled an alleged $15\u201335 billion during his rule.", "Q177583": "Torben Lund (born November 6, 1950 in Vejle) is a Danish politician, who served in the Folketing from 1981 to 1998 and in the European Parliament from 1999 to 2004. He was associated with the Danish Social Democrats in Denmark, and the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament.\nWhile sitting in the Folketing, he was one of the sponsors of the 1989 legislation that first legalized registered partnership for same-sex couples. He served as Health Minister in the Poul Nyrup Rasmussen I Cabinet from 1993 to 1994.He came out as gay in 1998, becoming Denmark's first openly gay member of the Folketing. In 1999, he married his partner Claus Lautrup.After his retirement from politics, he joined the Danish television network Dk4. He remained active in the Social Democrats, but left the party in 2009 due to disagreements with the leadership of Helle Thorning-Schmidt.\n\n", "Q430359": "Mikhail Klavdievich Tikhonravov (July 29, 1900 \u2013 March 3, 1974) was a Soviet aerospace engineer and scientist who was a pioneer of spacecraft design and rocketry.\nMikhail Tikhonravov was born in Vladimir, Russia. Attended the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy from 1922 to 1925, where he was exposed to Konstantin Tsiolkovsky's ideas of spaceflight. After graduation and until 1931 worked in several aircraft industries and was engaged in developing gliders. From 1931 and on, devoted himself to the development of the field of rocketry. In 1932, he joined Group for the Study of Reactive Motion, as one of the four brigade leaders. His brigade built the GIRD-09 rocket, fueled by liquid oxygen and jellied gasoline, and launched on August 17, 1933.\nFrom 1938 Tikhonravov researched rocket engines with liquid fuel and developed rockets for the purpose of upper atmosphere layers\u2019 research. In the end of the 1930s, the development of rockets with liquid fuel was stopped and Tikhonravov concentrated on the development of the projectiles of the weapon system Katyusha rocket launcher.\nTikhonravov remained in GIRD as it evolved into RNII, the jet propulsion institute, and then NII-1. In 1946, he became deputy chief of NII-4 in the Academy of Artillery Science and developed Project VR-190. Tikhonravov in 1948 proposed a type of multistage rocket in which the engines would work in parallel (packet) in order to achieve a greater flight range. His announcement was met with ridicule and skepticism by his scientific colleagues because at that time, it was believed that 1000 km was the absolute limit for rocket range. In NII-4 he led a team of researchers that did important studies on packet rockets, satellite orbital motion, optimal pitch control programs for launching into orbit, reentry trajectories and heat shielding. This team designed Sputnik-3, Luna-1, Luna-3, Luna-4 and the early Venus and Mars probes. In 1956, Sergey Korolev had Tikhonravov and his team (including Mstislav Keldysh) transferred into his bureau, OKB-1.After the launch of Sputnik-1 and a satellite with an animal on board, Tikhonravov (along with a number of other scientists) received the Lenin award (1957).\nThe classically educated Tikhonravov has been credited for coining and popularizing the term cosmonaut (\"space traveller\"), to be distinct from the English astronaut.Tikhonravov Crater on Mars is named after Mikhail Tikhonravov.", "Q23896": "Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion is a 1950 comedy film directed by Charles Lamont and starring the comedy team of Abbott and Costello.\n\n", "Q64505": "Micah Sloat (; born May 8, 1981) is an American theatre actor and musician, largely known for his leading role as Micah in the 2007 hit horror film, Paranormal Activity. He appeared in the horror sequel in 2010, Paranormal Activity 2 and a cameo in the spin-off film, Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones, in 2014.", "Q55900": "Marek Marian Belka (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8mar\u025bk \u02c8b\u025blka] (listen); born 9 January 1952) is a Polish professor of Economics and politician, has served as a Prime Minister of Poland and Finance Minister of Poland in two governments. Former Director of the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) European Department and former Head of Narodowy Bank Polski (National Bank of Poland). He has served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since July 2019.\nIn 1978\u20131979 and 1985\u20131986 he did scientific internships at Columbia University and University of Chicago, and in 1990 - London School of Economics. From 1986, he was associated with Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He published over 100 scientific papers devoted mainly to money theory and anti-inflation policy in developing countries. He specializes in applied economics and contemporary economic thought. He is also a member of Committee of Economic Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences.\nHe held a number of important public functions in the country and abroad. In 1990 he became an advisor and consultant at Ministry of Finance, followed by the Ministry of Ownership Transformations and the Central Planning Office. In the years 1994\u20131996 he was the vice-chairman of the Council of Socio-Economic Strategy at the Council of Ministers, and then economic advisor to the President of the Republic of Poland Aleksander Kwa\u015bniewski. In 1996 he became a consultant World Bank. He was twice Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland and Minister of Finance: in 1997 in Cabinet of W\u0142odzimierz Cimoszewicz and in 2001\u20132002 in Cabinet of Leszek Miller. In 2004\u20132005 Prime Minister and chairman Committee for European Integration, and in 2005 Minister of Sport in own government .\nFrom 2006 executive secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), and from November 2008 director of the European Department International Monetary Fund. Previously, he was also the head of the coalition Council for International Coordination in Iraq (2003), and then the director of economic policy in the Provisional Coalition Authority in Iraq, where he answered, among others for currency reform, creation of a new banking system and supervision of the economy (2003-2004).\nHe was appointed president of the National Bank of Poland. He took office on 11 June 2010 and ended his term on 21 June 2016. In January 2011, he was elected for a three-year term (extended for another three years in 2014) to Steering Committee European Systemic Risk Board. Belka ran for and was successfully elected as an MEP at the 2019 European Parliament election. \n\n", "Q13955": "Arabic (\u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f, al-\u02bfarabiyyah, [al \u0295ara\u02c8bij\u02d0a] (listen) or \u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u200e, \u02bfarab\u012by, [\u02c8\u0295arabi\u02d0] (listen) or [\u0295ara\u02c8bij]) is a Semitic language that first emerged in the 1st to 4th centuries CE. It is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living in the area bounded by Mesopotamia in the east and the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in Northwestern Arabia and in the Sinai Peninsula. The ISO assigns language codes to thirty varieties of Arabic, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, also referred to as Literary Arabic, which is modernized Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as al-\u02bfarabiyyatu l-fu\u1e63\u1e25\u0101 (\u0627\u064e\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0635\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0649\u0670, \"the purest Arabic\") or simply al-fu\u1e63\u1e25\u0101 (\u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0635\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0649\u0670).\nArabic is widely taught in schools and universities and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government and the media. Arabic, in its standard form, is the official language of 26 states, as well as the liturgical language of the religion of Islam, since the Quran and Hadith were written in Arabic. \nDuring the Middle Ages, Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages\u2014mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese and Catalan\u2014owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and the long-lasting Arabic culture and language presence mainly in Southern Iberia during the Al-Andalus era. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words, many of which relate to agriculture and related activities, as a legacy of the Emirate of Sicily from the mid-9th to mid-10th centuries, while Maltese language is a Semitic language developed from a dialect of Arabic and written in the Latin alphabet. The Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish.\nArabic has influenced many other languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu), Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Malay (Indonesian and Malaysian), Maldivian, Pashto, Punjabi, Albanian, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Sicilian, Spanish, Greek, Bulgarian, Tagalog, Assamese, Sindhi, Odia and Hausa and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Hebrew, Greek, Aramaic, and Persian in medieval times and languages such as English and French in modern times.\nArabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims, and Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.", "Q185701": "Alfred Cumming (September 4, 1802 \u2013 October 9, 1873) was appointed governor of the Utah Territory in 1858 replacing Brigham Young following the Utah War, when President James Buchanan wanted a non-Mormon governor. He was born in Augusta, Georgia.\nCumming also served as mayor of Augusta, Georgia, sutler to Zachary Taylor during the Mexican War and at Jefferson Barracks in Missouri, and superintendent of the Upper Missouri Indian Superintendency\nCumming was a Democrat and was appointed by President Buchanan.\nHe served as governor until 1861 and returned to Washington, D.C. His wife Elizabeth died in 1867. He was the brother of Henry Harford Cumming, and the uncle of his son, brigadier general Alfred Cumming.", "Q73079": "Trinity College (full name: The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in the University of Oxford, of the foundation of Sir Thomas Pope (Knight)) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. The college was founded in 1555 by Sir Thomas Pope, on land previously occupied by Durham College, home to Benedictine monks from Durham Cathedral.Despite its large physical size, the college is relatively small in terms of student numbers at approximately 400. It was founded as a men's college and has been coeducational since 1979. As of 2018, Trinity had a financial endowment of \u00a3138.0 million.Trinity has produced three British prime ministers, placing it third after Christ Church and Balliol in terms of former students who have held the office.", "Q72367": "Fritz Hofmann (Friedrich Carl Albert) (2 November 1866 in K\u00f6lleda \u2013 22 October 1956 in Hanover) was a German organic chemist who first synthesized synthetic rubber.\nHofmann studied chemistry in Rostock. On September 12, 1909, he filed a patent for the manufacture of the world's first synthetic rubber.", "Q98966": "Josefa Berens-Totenohl (30 March 1891, in Grevenstein, Sauerland \u2013 6 June 1969) was a German writer and painter.\nShe was the daughter of a blacksmith. First she became a teacher, but later worked as a writer and painter and made elaborate tapestries. Her romantic peasant novels were very popular in Nazi Germany; although she never joined the Nazi Party, and the novels had no ideological overtones, their praise of peasant virtue, rootedness, and strength were acceptable to the party.", "Q16257503": "The Hanging Gale is a four-episode television serial which first aired on RT\u00c9 One (Ireland) and BBC1 (UK) in 1995. The series was a British\u2013Irish co-production, made by Little Bird Films for BBC Northern Ireland in association with Raidi\u00f3 Teilif\u00eds \u00c9ireann, with support from the Irish Film Board.\nThe serial, set in 1846 at the beginning of Ireland's Great Famine, starred the four McGann brothers: Joe McGann, Paul McGann, Mark McGann and Stephen McGann, and was based on an original idea by Joe and Stephen McGann while researching their family's history.The title of the series comes from the term 'hanging gale', the name for a widespread practice in Ireland at the time, where a landlord would allow new tenants a six-month grace period on payment of their rent, with the expectation that the rent owed would be paid when the land's crops were harvested and sold.", "Q535553": "Francis Richard Lubbock (October 16, 1815 \u2013 June 22, 1905) was the ninth Governor of Texas and was in office during the American Civil War. He was the brother of Thomas Saltus Lubbock, for whom Lubbock County, Texas, and the City of Lubbock are named.Born in Beaufort, South Carolina, Lubbock was a businessman in South Carolina before moving to Texas in 1836. During the Republic of Texas period, President Sam Houston appointed Lubbock to be comptroller.In 1857, Lubbock was elected lieutenant governor of Texas as a Democrat, but failed in his re-election bid in 1859. Following the Confederate secession in 1861, Lubbock won the governorship of Texas. During his tenure, he supported Confederate conscription, working to draft all able-bodied men, including resident aliens, into the Confederate States Army. He was known to praise the Great Hanging at Gainesville, where in October 1862, some 42 suspected Unionists were murdered, convicted and killed by hanging through sentences by a \"Citizens Court\" organized by Texas state troops, but not recognized under state law, with some 14 lynched without benefit even of a show trial. It was part of an outbreak of violence, often caused by Confederate or state troops, in North Texas in the early years of the war.When Lubbock's term ended in 1863, he joined the Confederate Army. He was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel, serving under Major General John B. Magruder. By 1864, Lubbock was promoted to aide-de-camp for Jefferson Davis. Following the Confederacy's military collapse, Lubbock fled from Richmond, Virginia, with Davis. They were soon caught by Union troops in Georgia. He was imprisoned at Fort Delaware with John Reagan and Jefferson Davis for eight months before being paroled.\nOn his return to Texas, Lubbock continued to pursue business interests in Houston and Galveston. From 1878 to 1891, he served as Texas State Treasurer. He died in Austin.", "Q330670": "Pedro Abraham Valdelomar Pinto (April 27, 1888 - November 3, 1919) was a Peruvian narrator, poet, journalist, essayist and dramatist; he is considered the founder of the avant-garde in Peru, although more for his dandy-like public poses and his founding of the journal Col\u00f3nida than for his own writing, which is lyrically posmodernista rather than aggressively experimental. Like Charles Baudelaire in 19th century Paris, he claimed to have made his country aware for the first time of the relationship between poetry and the market, and to have recognized the need for the writer to turn himself into a celebrity.\nHe has been pictured on the Peruvian Nuevo Sol S/ 50 banknote since its introduction in 1991.", "Q75408": "Lothar Binding (born 1 April 1950) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag since the 1998 elections.", "Q298930": "Philip Parris Lynott (, LY-n\u0259t; 20 August 1949 \u2013 4 January 1986) was an Irish singer, musician, and songwriter. His most commercially successful group was Thin Lizzy, of which he was a founding member, the principal songwriter, lead vocalist and bassist. He was known for his imaginative lyrical contributions including working class tales and numerous characters drawn from personal influences and Celtic culture.\nLynott was born in the West Midlands of England, but grew up in Dublin with his grandparents. He remained close to his mother, Philomena, throughout his life. He fronted several bands as a lead vocalist, including Skid Row alongside Gary Moore, before learning the bass guitar and forming Thin Lizzy in 1969. After initial success with \"Whiskey in the Jar\", the band had several hits in the mid-1970s such as \"The Boys Are Back in Town\", \"Jailbreak\" and \"Waiting for an Alibi\", and became a popular live attraction combining Lynott's vocal and songwriting skills with dual lead guitars. Towards the end of the 1970s, Lynott embarked upon a solo career, published two books of poetry, and after Thin Lizzy disbanded, he assembled and fronted the band Grand Slam, of which he was the leader until it folded in 1985.\nFollowing Thin Lizzy, Lynott increasingly suffered drug-related problems, particularly an addiction to heroin. In 1985, he had a final chart success with Moore, \"Out in the Fields\", followed by the minor hit \"Nineteen\", before his death in 1986. He remains a popular figure in the rock world, and in 2005, a statue in his memory was erected in Dublin.", "Q158574": "Post Grad is a 2009 American romantic comedy film directed by Vicky Jenson and starring Alexis Bledel, about a recent college graduate who moves back in with her family while she figures out what she wants to do next.\nOriginally under the working titles of Ticket to Ride and then The Post-Grad Survival Guide, the film was released on August 21, 2009.", "Q105667": "Catherine Margaret Ashton, Baroness Ashton of Upholland, (born 20 March 1956 at Upholland, Lancashire) is a British Labour politician who served as the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and First Vice President of the European Commission in the Barroso Commission from 2009 to 2014.\nHer political career began in 1999 when she was created a Life Peer as \"Baroness Ashton of Upholland, of St Albans, in the County of Hertfordshire\" by Tony Blair's Labour Government. She became the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in the Department for Education and Skills in 2001 and subsequently in the Ministry of Justice in 2004. She was appointed a Privy Councillor in May 2006.\nAshton became Leader of the House of Lords and Lord President of the Council in Gordon Brown's first Cabinet in June 2007. She was instrumental in steering the EU's Treaty of Lisbon through the UK Parliament's upper chamber. In 2008, she was appointed as the British European Commissioner and became the Commissioner for Trade in the European Commission.In December 2009, she became the inaugural High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy that was created by the Treaty of Lisbon. As High Representative, Ashton served as the EU's foreign policy chief. Despite being criticised by some, particularly at the time of her appointment and in the early stages of her term of office, for her limited previous experience of international diplomacy, Ashton subsequently won praise for her work as a negotiator in difficult international situations, in particular for her role in bringing Serbia and Kosovo to an agreement in April 2013 that normalised their ties, and in the P5+1 talks with Iran which led to the November 2013 Geneva interim agreement on the Iranian nuclear programme.In January 2017, Ashton became Chancellor of the University of Warwick, succeeding Sir Richard Lambert and becoming Warwick's first female chancellor.\n\n", "Q76101": "J\u00fcrgen Walter Franz Karl Warnke (20 March 1932 \u2013 27 April 2013) was a German lawyer and politician, who served in various capacities at the Bundestag and German cabinets.", "Q717038": "Masayoshi Son (\u5b6b\u6b63\u7fa9, Son Masayoshi, Korean: \uc190\uc815\uc758; RR: Son Jeong-ui, born 11 August 1957) is a Korean-Japanese billionaire technology entrepreneur, investor, and philanthropist. He is the founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of the Japanese holding company SoftBank, CEO of SoftBank Mobile and chairman of UK-based Arm Holdings. He is well known for his $20 million early stake into Alibaba in 1999.\nAccording to Forbes magazine, Son's estimated net worth is US$23 billion, and he is the second richest man in Japan, despite having the distinction of losing the most money in history (approximately $70bn during the dot com crash of 2000).Forbes also describes him as a philanthropist.\nSon was named the world's 45th most powerful person by Forbes Magazine's List of The World's Most Powerful People in 2013.Son was ranked at number 43 on the Forbes list of The World's Billionaires 2019, with a net worth of $22.9 billion.", "Q342580": "Vincas Kudirka (31 December [O.S. 19 December] 1858 \u2013 16 November [O.S. 4 November] 1899) was a Lithuanian poet and physician, and the author of both the music and lyrics of the Lithuanian National Anthem, Tauti\u0161ka giesm\u0117. He is regarded in Lithuania as a National Hero. Kudirka used pen names V. Kapsas, Pae\u017eeri\u0173 Vincas, Vincas Kapsas, P.Vincas, Varpas, Q.D, K., V.K, Perk\u016bnas.\nKudirka was born in Pae\u017eeriai, in the August\u00f3w Governorate of Congress Poland (present-day Lithuania). He began studying history and philosophy in Warsaw in 1881, but changed his major and began studying medicine the following year. During his studies, he was arrested as a subversive for having a copy of Das Kapital in his possession, and was expelled from the University of Warsaw, but later re-admitted. He graduated in 1889, and worked as a country doctor in \u0160akiai and Naumiestis.\nKudirka began writing poetry in 1888. Simultaneously he became more active in the Lithuanian national rebirth movement. Together with other Lithuanian students in Warsaw, he founded the secret society Lietuva (\"Lithuania\"). The following year the society began publishing the clandestine newspaper Varpas (\"The Bell\"), which Kudirka edited and contributed to for the next ten years. In issue number 6 of Varpas, in September 1898, he published the text of Tauti\u0161ka Giesm\u0117, which would officially become in 1918, the Lithuanian National Anthem, set to music written by Kudirka himself. \nKudirka gave much to Lithuanian culture, and also published a collection of Lithuanian popular songs. He was also a noted writer of satire.\nHe died of tuberculosis at Naumiestis, on 16 November 1899, at age 40. The second half of Tauti\u0161ka Giesm\u0117 was engraved on his gravestone.\nOn 5 July 2009, a statue of Vincas Kudirka was unveiled beside the Gediminas Avenue, the main street of the capital Vilnius. The unveiling, by dignitaries, including the Lithuanian President Valdas Adamkus, coincided with festivities marking the 1000th anniversary of the first time Lithuania was mentioned in official chronicles.", "Q153421": "Konstantin Hermann Karl Freiherr von Neurath (2 February 1873 \u2013 14 August 1956) was a German diplomat who served as Foreign Minister of Germany between 1932 and 1938.\nBorn to a Swabian noble family, Neurath began his diplomatic career in 1901. He fought in World War I and was awarded the Iron Cross for his service. After the war, Neurath served as minister to Denmark, ambassador to Italy and ambassador to Britain. In 1932 he was appointed Foreign Minister by Chancellor Franz von Papen, and continued to hold the post under Adolf Hitler.\nIn the early years of the Nazi regime, Neurath was regarded as playing a key role in the foreign policy pursuits of Hitler in undermining the Treaty of Versailles and territorial expansion in the prelude to World War II, although he was often averse to Hitler's aims tactically if not necessarily ideologically. This aversion eventually induced Hitler to replace Neurath in 1938 with the more compliant and fervent Nazi Joachim von Ribbentrop. Neurath served as Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia between 1939 and 1943, though his authority was only nominal after September 1941.\nNeurath was tried as a major war criminal in Nuremberg and sentenced to fifteen years' imprisonment for his compliance and actions in the Nazi regime. He received an early release in 1954, after which he retired to his family estate and died two years later.", "Q239898": "Izumi Shikibu (Japanese: \u548c\u6cc9\u5f0f\u90e8, b. 976?) was a mid-Heian period Japanese poet. She is a member of the Thirty-six Medieval Poetry Immortals (\u4e2d\u53e4\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u6b4c\u4ed9, ch\u016bko sanjurokkasen). She was the contemporary of Murasaki Shikibu, and Akazome Emon at the court of empress Joto Mon'in.\nShe \"is considered by many to have been the greatest woman poet of the Heian period\". Her legacy includes 242 poems and 2 kashu.\"Torn between worldly ties and physical desire, Izumi Shikibu left a wealth of passionate love poetry, fueling rumors that purported that she was a femme fatale with numerous lovers besides her two husbands and two princely lovers.\"\n\n", "Q102108": "Alan Lee (born 20 August 1947) is an English book illustrator and movie conceptual designer. He was born in Middlesex, England, and studied at the Ealing School of Art.", "Q66312": "Langrickenbach is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q165193": "Avenged Sevenfold (sometimes abbreviated as A7X) is an American heavy metal band from Huntington Beach, California, formed in 1999. The band's current lineup consists of lead vocalist M. Shadows, rhythm guitarist and backing vocalist Zacky Vengeance, lead guitarist and backing vocalist Synyster Gates, bassist and backing vocalist Johnny Christ, and drummer Brooks Wackerman.\nAvenged Sevenfold is known for its diverse rock sound and dramatic imagery in album covers and merchandise. Avenged Sevenfold emerged with a metalcore sound on the band's debut Sounding the Seventh Trumpet and continued this sound through their second album Waking the Fallen. However, Avenged Sevenfold's style had evolved by the band's third album and first major label release, City of Evil, into a heavy metal and hard rock style. The band continued to explore new sounds with its self-titled release and enjoyed continued mainstream success before their drummer, James \"The Rev\" Sullivan, died in 2009. Despite his death, Avenged Sevenfold continued on with the help of drummer Mike Portnoy (Dream Theater), and released and toured in support of its fifth album Nightmare in 2010, which debuted on the top spot of the Billboard 200, Avenged Sevenfold's first number one debut. In 2011 drummer Arin Ilejay joined the band on tours and recording. Avenged Sevenfold's sixth studio album Hail to the King, which was released in 2013, marked the only Avenged Sevenfold album featuring Arin Ilejay. Hail to the King charted as number 1 on the Billboard 200, the UK Albums chart, as well as the Finnish, Brazilian, Canadian, and Irish charts. In late 2014, Ilejay left the band, and was replaced by former Bad Religion drummer Brooks Wackerman, but the lineup change wasn't announced to the public until 2015. The band then surprise-released their seventh studio album titled The Stage on October 28, 2016, which debuted as number 4 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US. The Stage is their first conceptual album and it marked another stylistic change for the band, moving towards the progressive metal sound.\nTo date, Avenged Sevenfold has released seven studio albums, one live album/DVD, two compilation albums and eighteen singles and have sold over 8 million albums worldwide. Avenged Sevenfold was ranked No. 47 on Loudwire's list of Top 50 Metal Bands of All Time. Avenged Sevenfold have released an original song for each game in the Call of Duty: Black Ops series.", "Q2307945": "The Freedom Union (Polish: Unia Wolno\u015bci, UW) was a liberal democratic political party in Poland.", "Q413580": "Ak Welsapar (Russian: \u0410\u043a \u0412\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0440; born September 19, 1956) is a Swedish-Turkmen journalist and writer. \nAk Welsapar writes in Turkmen, Russian and Swedish, and is the author of more than 20 books and his books have come out in many languages. The American journal, The World Literature Today in its review of this book wrote: \"Cobra is a must for all specialists of Central Asia and a great read for anyone interested in the psychology of despots.\" This \nwas followed by the release in English of his novel The Tale of Aypi.", "Q18800": "Daniel Armand Lee (Korean: Lee Seon-woong; Hangul: \uc774\uc120\uc6c5; born July 22, 1980), better known by his stage name Tablo (Hangul: \ud0c0\ube14\ub85c), is a Korean-Canadian hip hop recording artist, lyricist, composer and record producer. Tablo is best known as the leader and producer of veteran Korean hip-hop group Epik High, and the founder of independent music label HIGHGRND (High Ground), which housed bands Hyukoh and The Black Skirts.\nTablo became employed as a lyricist while still in high school. Under the supervision of Tobias Wolff, Tablo graduated from Stanford University with honors in English literature and creative writing. He then moved to Korea, where, in 2001, he formed Epik High alongside DJ Tukutz and Mithra Jin. The group has since released 10 full-length albums and 1 EP, with Tablo having produced and co-written all the songs. His debut solo album, Fever's End, was released in 2011.\nOutside of Epik High, Tablo is a record producer and songwriter for other artists and involved in collaborative projects such as Borderline, Eternal Morning, and Anyband. His music incorporates numerous styles, ranging from trance, trip hop, to rock. Tablo is also the author of the best-selling book Pieces of You, published in both English and Korean, and Blonote. He made his film debut acting in Nonstop (2005). In 2016, Tablo left his radio show, MBC FM4U's Tablo's Dreaming Radio, after eleven years to focus on YG's music sub-label HIGHGRND.", "Q433650": "Ann McLaughlin Korologos (born Ann Marie Lauenstein; November 16, 1941), formerly known as Ann Dore McLaughlin, was the United States Secretary of Labor from 1987 to 1989.\n\n", "Q1087475": "Andrew James \"A. J.\" Trauth (born September 14, 1986) is an American actor and musician. Trauth is known for playing Alan Twitty on Even Stevens and Josh Mankey on Kim Possible, both programs which aired on Disney Channel. He is also the guitar player and lead singer of the rock band Mavin.Trauth is the youngest of three brothers and currently resides in Minerva, Ohio.", "Q85937": "Felix Weltsch (6 October 1884, Prague \u2013 9 November 1964, Jerusalem), was a German-speaking Jewish librarian, philosopher, author, editor, publisher and journalist. A close friend of Max Brod, Ludwig Winder and Franz Kafka, he was one of the most important Zionists in Bohemia.", "Q2855609": "Environmentalism or environmental rights is a broad philosophy, ideology, and social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and improvement of the health of the environment, particularly as the measure for this health seeks to incorporate the impact of changes to the environment on humans, animals, plants and non-living matter. While environmentalism focuses more on the environmental and nature-related aspects of green ideology and politics, ecology combines the ideology of social ecology and environmentalism.\nEnvironmentalism advocates the preservation, restoration and improvement of the natural environment and critical earth system elements or processes such as the climate, and may be referred to as a movement to control pollution or protect plant and animal diversity. For this reason, concepts such as a land ethic, environmental ethics, biodiversity, ecology, and the biophilia hypothesis figure predominantly.\nAt its crux, environmentalism is an attempt to balance relations between humans and the various natural systems on which they depend in such a way that all the components are accorded a proper degree of sustainability. The exact measures and outcomes of this balance is controversial and there are many different ways for environmental concerns to be expressed in practice. Environmentalism and environmental concerns are often represented by the colour green, but this association has been appropriated by the marketing industries for the tactic known as greenwashing.\nEnvironmentalism is opposed by anti-environmentalism, which says that the Earth is less fragile than some environmentalists maintain, and portrays environmentalism as overreacting to the human contribution to climate change or opposing human advancement.", "Q70216": "\u00c9toy is a municipality of the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, located in the district of Morges.", "Q68459": "Aishwariya is an Indian actress who has acted in Tamil, Malayalam, and Telugu movies along with several Malayalam television serials. She is the daughter of popular actress Lakshmi.", "Q1346291": "Kenneth Roy Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet (September 1, 1923 \u2013 June 12, 2006), known in Canada as Ken Thomson, was a Canadian/British businessman and art collector. At the time of his death, he was listed by Forbes as the richest person in Canada and the ninth richest person in the world, with a net worth of approximately US $19.6 billion.", "Q818048": "Benjamin Joseph Levin (born March 8, 1988), known professionally as Benny Blanco (stylized as benny blanco), is an American musician, songwriter and record producer. He is the recipient of the 2013 Hal David Starlight Award from the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He is also a five-time BMI Songwriter of the Year award winner and 2017 iHeartRadio Producer of the Year award winner.\nAs a producer and songwriter, Blanco has contributed to the sale of over 100 million albums worldwide through his work with artists including Ed Sheeran, Justin Bieber, Halsey, Katy Perry, Maroon 5, Kesha, Rihanna, Sia, The Weeknd, Selena Gomez, Keith Urban, Tory Lanez, Wiz Khalifa, Kanye West, J Balvin and Juice Wrld. He is also the founder of two labels in collaboration with Interscope Records, Mad Love Records and Friends Keep Secrets.In July 2018, Blanco released the song \"Eastside\" under his own name, a collaboration with Halsey and Khalid. It peaked at number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100, marking Blanco's first top 10 credited as an artist and his 27th top 10 as a writer, a sum that includes seven number ones. \"Eastside\" was followed by \"I Found You\" with Calvin Harris, \"Better to Lie\" with Jesse and Swae Lee, \"Roses\" with Juice Wrld and Brendon Urie, and culminated in the release of his first album later in the same year.", "Q69747": "Reinach (Swiss German: Rynach) is a municipality in the district Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q490689": "Apolda (German: [a\u02c8p\u0254lda] (listen)) is a town in central Thuringia, Germany, the capital of the Weimarer Land district. It is situated in the center of the triangle Weimar\u2013Jena\u2013Naumburg near the river Ilm, c. 15 kilometres (9 miles) east by north from Weimar. Apolda station lies on the Halle\u2013Bebra railway, which is part of the main line from Berlin to Frankfurt.", "Q963388": "Peter von Poehl (born 31 March 1972) is a Swedish singer-songwriter, composer, musician and director", "Q173097": "Nicolas Kiesa (born 3 March 1978) is a Danish racing driver. He participated in five Formula One Grand Prix in the 2003 season, scoring no championship points, but finishing every race.\nPreviously, he had won the 2003 Formula 3000 race at Monaco, when Bj\u00f6rn Wirdheim slowed on the last lap on the front straight to greet his team.\nHe returned to Formula One in 2005, replacing Robert Doornbos as Jordan's third driver for the German Grand Prix and for the rest of the season.", "Q365659": "Andronikos III Megas Komnenos, or Andronicus III (Greek: \u0391\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u0384 \u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, romanized: Andronikos III Megas Komn\u0113nos), (died 8 January 1332) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1330 to 1332. He was the eldest son of Emperor Alexios II of Trebizond and his Iberian wife, Djiadjak Jaqeli of Samckhe. According to Michael Panaretos, he reigned for 15 months, which suggests that there was an interregnum of five months \u2014 from the death of his father in May to October 1330.Rustam Shukurov suggested that Andronikos and his son Manuel were named for their distant ancestors, Andronikos I Komnenos and his son Manuel the Sebastokrator, arguing that their portraits appeared on the walls of the Imperial palace hall.One of his first actions when Andronikos became emperor was to put to death his two younger brothers, George Azachoutlou and Michael Achpougas. His other brother Basil managed to escape to Constantinople, where his uncle Michael was probably already residing.On January 8, 1332, he died of bubonic plague like his father.Upon his death Andronikos was briefly succeeded by his son, Manuel II. The sources have preserved no other details on the circumstances of Andronikos' short reign.", "Q123878": "Lojze Kova\u010di\u010d (9 November 1928 \u2013 1 May 2004) was a Slovene writer. His novel The Newcomers (Slovene: Pri\u0161leki) is often considered one of the most important Slovene novels of the 20th century and has been translated into German, French, Spanish, and Dutch.Kova\u010di\u010d was born to a Slovene father and a German mother in Basel, Switzerland in 1928. When his patriotic father refused Swiss citizenship, his family was expelled from Switzerland in 1938 and moved first to rural Lower Carniola and then to Ljubljana, just at the outbreak of the Second World War. His father's death in 1944 shifted the burden of supporting the family onto Lojze. At the end of the war, the mere fact that they were half German made them suspicious and the whole family apart from Lojze were deported. Lojze remained despite frequent confrontations with the authorities. In 1962 he graduated in Slavic and Germanic Studies from the Faculty of Education of the University of Ljubljana. He found employment as an art and puppetry teacher in Ljubljana, and from 1978 to his retirement in 1989 he was also involved in literary education. Literary recognition did not come until the 1970s. Many of his novels are highly autobiographical. He received a number of awards, including the Pre\u0161eren Award in 1973 and the Kresnik Award for best novel in 1991 and 2004. In addition to his opus of adult fiction, he also published a number of books for children and young readers. He died in Ljubljana in 2004.", "Q183416": "The Windward Islands, also known as the Islands of Barlovento, are the southern, generally larger islands of the Lesser Antilles, within the West Indies. They lie south of the Leeward Islands, approximately between latitudes 10\u00b0 and 16\u00b0 N and longitudes 60\u00b0 and 62\u00b0 W. \nThe name was also used to refer to a British colony in these islands, existing between 1833 and 1960 and consisting of the islands of:\nSaint Lucia, \nSaint Vincent, \nthe Grenadines, \nGrenada. The island of Dominica was traditionally a part of the Leeward Islands until 1940, when it was transferred from the Leeward Islands colony to the Windward Islands.)\n\n", "Q320305": "Brigadier Arthur Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington, (2 July 1915 \u2013 31 December 2014), styled Marquess of Douro between 1943 and 1972, was a senior British peer and a brigadier in the British Army. His main residence was Stratfield Saye House in Hampshire.\nHe was a member of the House of Lords from 1972 until 1999, losing his seat by the House of Lords Act.\n\n", "Q3455803": "Director may refer to:", "Q651079": "Critica Sociale is a left-wing Italian newspaper. It is linked to the New Italian Socialist Party. Before Benito Mussolini banned opposition newspapers in 1926, Critica Sociale was a prominent supporter of the original Italian Socialist Party (PSI), which included a spectrum of views from socialism to Marxism.", "Q597694": "Henry Houssaye (also Henri) (24 February 1848 \u2013 23 September 1911), was a French historian and academician.", "Q64263": "Jan Gruter or Gruyt\u00e8re, Latinized as Janus Gruterus (3 December 1560 \u2013 20 September 1627), was a Flemish-born philologist, scholar, and librarian.", "Q4127009": "Gate of Heaven Cemetery, approximately 25 miles (40 km) north of New York City, was established in 1917 at 10 West Stevens Ave. in Hawthorne, Westchester County, New York, as a Roman Catholic burial site. Among its famous residents is baseball player Babe Ruth, whose grave has an epitaph by Cardinal Francis Spellman and is almost always adorned by many baseballs, bats and caps. Adjacent to the Garden Mausoleum is a small train station of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Division named Mount Pleasant, where four trains stop daily, two northbound and two southbound. Several baseball players are buried here.", "Q273749": "The Christian Democratic Appeal (Dutch: Christen-Democratisch App\u00e8l, pronounced [kr\u026ast\u0259(n)de\u02d0mo\u02d0kra\u02d0tis \u0251\u02c8p\u025bl]; CDA) is a Christian-democratic political party in the Netherlands. The CDA was originally formed in 1977 from a confederation of the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party and the Christian Historical Union, and has participated in all but three governments since then. Sybrand van Haersma Buma has been the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal since 18 May 2012.\nThe party suffered severe losses in the 2010 general election, losing half of its seats and falling to fourth place in the House of Representatives. From 2010 to 2012 consequently, the CDA was a junior coalition partner in a right-wing minority First Rutte cabinet with the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), supported in the States General by the Party for Freedom (PVV). Subsequently, the CDA again lost a considerable number of seats in the 2012 general election, dropping to fifth place. During the 2017 general election, the party won 19 seats (third place) and is part of the current centre-right Third Rutte cabinet with the VVD, D66 and CU.", "Q195274": "Little Women is a 1933 American pre-Code drama film, directed by George Cukor and starring Katharine Hepburn, Joan Bennett, Frances Dee and Jean Parker. The screenplay, by Sarah Y. Mason and Victor Heerman, is based on the 1868 novel of the same name, by Louisa May Alcott. A sequel was released the following year, titled Little Men.\nThis is the third screen adaptation of the book. It follows two silent versions, the first released in 1917 with Minna Grey and the second in 1918 with Dorothy Bernard. After this 1933 sound version came the 1949 Little Women, with June Allyson, Elizabeth Taylor and Peter Lawford, the 1994 film Little Women, starring Winona Ryder, and the 2019 film Little Women featuring Saoirse Ronan.", "Q44158": "David Michael Bautista Jr. (born January 18, 1969) is an American actor, professional wrestler, former mixed martial artist and bodybuilder.\nBautista began his wrestling career in 1999, and signed with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) in 2000. From 2002 to 2010, he gained fame under the ring name Batista and became a six-time world champion by winning the World Heavyweight Championship four times and the WWE Championship twice. He holds the record for the longest reign as World Heavyweight Champion at 282 days and has also won the World Tag Team Championship three times (twice with Ric Flair and once with John Cena) and the WWE Tag Team Championship once (with Rey Mysterio). He was the winner of the 2005 Royal Rumble match and went on to headline WrestleMania 21, one of the top five highest-grossing pay-per-view events in professional wrestling history. Bautista re-signed with WWE in 2013, going on to win the 2014 Royal Rumble match and headline WrestleMania XXX before again departing that June. In October 2018, Batista made his second return to WWE and faced Triple H at WrestleMania 35 in April 2019, before retiring from wrestling.\nBautista began acting in 2006 and has starred in The Man with the Iron Fists (2012), Riddick (2013), the James Bond film Spectre (2015), and Blade Runner 2049 (2017). In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, he has played the role of Drax the Destroyer in the films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019). He has also appeared in several direct-to-video films since 2009.\nIn August 2012, Bautista signed a contract with Classic Entertainment & Sports to fight in mixed martial arts (MMA). He won his lone MMA fight on October 6, 2012, defeating Vince Lucero via TKO in the first round.\n\n", "Q120342": "Michelle Yvonne Hunziker (Swiss German: [mi\u02cc\u0283\u025bl \u02c8h\u028ants\u026ak\u0259r], Italian: [mi\u0283\u02cc\u0283\u025bl \u02c8(h)untsiker]; born 24 January 1977) is a Swiss-Dutch naturalized Italian television hostess, actress, model and singer.", "Q88220": "Terezija Stoisits [\u02c8t\u025br\u025bzija \u02c8st\u0254j\u0283it\u0255] (born November 14, 1958 in Stinatz/Stinjaki, Burgenland) is an Austrian politician of the Green Party. Since July 2007 she serves as an ombudswoman of the Republic of Austria. Before that she was the longest serving member of parliament of her party.", "Q62821": "Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel (30 May 1783, Esslingen am Neckar \u2013 12 May 1856) was a German physician and an authority on grasses.\nHe was educated at the University of T\u00fcbingen, earning his medical doctorate in 1805. Shortly afterwards he settled into a medical practice in his hometown of Esslingen, where with Christian Ferdinand Friedrich Hochstetter (1787-1860), he organized Unio Itineraria. In 1826 he became chief state physician of the Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg.\nThe botanical genera Steudelago (Kuntze, 1891) and Steudelella (Honda, 1930) honor his name.", "Q205634": "Slavko Janevski (January 11, 1920, Skopje - January 20, 2000) was a Macedonian poet, prose and script writer. He was also active as a comics artist. He finished high school in Skopje. From 1945 onwards he was the editor of the first teenage magazine called \"Pioneer\". Janevski is the author of the first novel to be written in Macedonian language \"Seloto zad sedumte jaseni\". As script writer he adapted the historical drama \"Macedonian bloody wedding\" in 1967. Janevski received many awards, among others \"AVNOJ\" 1968 and \"Makedonsko slovo\" for the book \"Thought\" [1].\n\n", "Q87113": "Johanna Friederika Henriette Katharina Davidis (March 1, 1801 in Wengern; \u2013 April 3, 1876 in Dortmund) arguably is Germany's most famous cookbook author. Although many similar cookbooks had been published by then, amongst others Sophie Wilhelmine Scheibler's Allgemeines deutsches Kochbuch f\u00fcr b\u00fcrgerliche Haushaltungen in several editions, Davidis' Praktisches Kochbuch (Practical Cookbook) became the reference cookbook of the late 19th and early 20th century, a standard in German households. The large number of second-hand copies still available, frequently heavily annotated, are proof that the books were in much use. In many families Praktisches Kochbuch was handed down through the generations.\nHowever the cookbook was only one facet of the extensive educational program Davidis devised for young women. Starting with the Puppenk\u00f6chin (Dolls' Cook) for very young girls on to young unmarried women, and finally housewives responsible for their own household and servants, Davidis' books offered advice and information. This was rooted in the conviction that being a housewife was a demanding activity in its own right for which young women of the middle class emerging at the time were frequently ill-prepared.\nWhile authoring her books Davidis first worked as a home economist, teacher, and governess, but later on concentrated exclusively on writing. Although her books, in particular Praktisches Kochbuch which had reached its 21st edition when she died, were hugely successful even during her lifetime, she had to live very modestly and only at the age of 74 years was able to afford her own flat. Occasionally sources claim \"Henriette Davidis\" to be the pseudonym used by a certain Helena Clemen. However Helena Clemen was one of Davidis' readers who had sent in suggestions which the author used in her writings.Today the Henriette-Davidis-Museum in Wetter-Wengern keeps her memory alive with cookbook exhibitions and a monograph series. Parts of a stone-built stove from the Wengern vicary together with a memorial plaque were bricked in the local railway bridge abutments, completed in 1934 and for which the vicary had to be demolished.\nDue to her huge influence on German food culture and household management she is generally considered to be the German equivalent to Mrs Beeton. The first edition of her classic cookbook Praktisches Kochbuch f\u00fcr die gew\u00f6hnliche und feinere K\u00fcche was published in 1844 and there were at least seventy-six editions published by 1963.", "Q1285543": "Edmond Coignet (4 July 1856 \u2013 1915) was a French engineer and entrepreneur. He has been instrumental in the theory of reinforced concrete.\n\n", "Q456751": "Giacinto Scelsi (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292a\u02c8t\u0283into \u02c8\u0283\u025blsi]; 8 January 1905 \u2013 9 August 1988) was an Italian composer who also wrote surrealist poetry in French.\nHe is best known for writing music based around only one pitch, altered in all manners through microtonal oscillations, harmonic allusions, and changes in timbre and dynamics, as paradigmatically exemplified in his Quattro pezzi su una nota sola (\"Four Pieces on a single note\", 1959). This composition remains his most famous work and one of the few performed to significant recognition during his lifetime. His musical output, which encompassed all Western classical genres except scenic music, remained largely undiscovered even within contemporary musical circles during most of his life. Today, some of his music has gained popularity in certain postmodern composition circles, with pieces like his \"Anahit\" and his String Quartets rising to increased prominence.\nScelsi collaborated with American composers including John Cage, Morton Feldman and Earle Brown, as well as being a friend and a mentor to Alvin Curran. His work was a source of inspiration to Ennio Morricone's Gruppo di Improvvisazione di Nuova Consonanza, and his music influenced composers like Tristan Murail and Solange Ancona.", "Q552245": "William Emmanuel Bevan, known by his recording alias Burial, is a British electronic musician from South London. Initially remaining anonymous, Burial became the first artist signed to Kode9's electronic label Hyperdub in 2005. He won acclaim the following year for his self-titled debut album, which showcased a dark, emotive take on UK rave music styles such as 2-step garage and jungle; it was named the album of the year by The Wire. Burial's second album, Untrue, was released to further critical acclaim in 2007.In 2008, Bevan's identity was revealed by The Independent and confirmed by Hyperdub. In the following years, he went on to collaborate with Four Tet, Massive Attack, Thom Yorke and Zomby in addition to releasing a series of long-form EPs such as Kindred (2012), Truant / Rough Sleeper (2012), and Rival Dealer (2013); most of these releases were later compiled on the 2019 compilation Tunes 2011\u20132019. He has remained reclusive, giving few interviews and avoiding public appearances. AllMusic described him as \"one of the most acclaimed, influential, and enigmatic electronic musicians of the early 21st century.\"", "Q1112687": "The keytar is a relatively lightweight synthesizer that is supported by a strap around the neck and shoulders, similar to the way a guitar is supported by a strap. Keytars allow players a greater range of movement onstage, compared to conventional keyboards, which are placed on stationary stands or which are part of heavy, floor-mounted structures. The instrument has a musical keyboard for triggering musical notes and sounds. Various controls are placed on the instrument's \"neck\", including those for pitch bends, vibrato, portamento, and sustain.\nThe term \"keytar\" is a portmanteau of the words \"keyboard\" and \"guitar\". This style of keyboard was mostly referred to by manufacturers as a \"MIDI Controller\", \"Remote Keyboard\", \"Strap-on Keyboard\", or variations thereof. Though the term \"keytar\" has been used since the introduction of the instrument, it was not used by a major manufacturer until 2012, when the Alesis company referred to the \"Vortex\", the company's first product of this type, as a \"USB/MIDI Keytar Controller\". CEO and co-founder of Tap Tap Strum, Kyle Zimmerman, later came out with the design for the Keytar L8R. The Roland AX-Edge, which incorporates its own synthesis engine, is referred to by the manufacturer as a \"keytar\".Keytars may either contain their own synthesizer engines, or be MIDI controllers. In either case, a keytar needs to be connected to a keyboard amplifier or PA system to produce a sound that the performer and audience can hear. MIDI controller keytars trigger notes and other MIDI data on an external MIDI-capable synthesizer, sound module or computer with synthesizer software. While keytars are usually used to create musical sounds, like any other MIDI controller, it could also be used to trigger such as MIDI-enabled lighting controllers, effects devices and audio consoles.", "Q13000": "Karel Lodewijk Ledeganck (Eeklo, 9 November 1805 \u2013 Ghent, 19 March 1847) was a Flemish writer. He was of humble origin, but became extraordinary Professor at the University of Ghent. He started his career as a clerk, then became a judge, and school inspector before he came to teach at the university.\nIn 1836, he published the poem Het klavier (\"the keyboard\"), but he made his actual debut in 1838, with the poems in Bloemen mijner lente (\"flowers of my spring\"). His initial work was strongly influenced by the English and French Romantic movement, and more specifically by Byron and Lamartine, in contrast to his later poems, which were rather pessimistic. With his Drie zustersteden of 1843, dedicated to the cities of Ghent, Bruges and Antwerp, which was called the poetic gospel of the Flemish movement, he achieved a breakthrough. In this trilogy he showed himself to be the best Flemish poet of his generation. In his, now somewhat exalted or melancholic, style he proclaimed his love for the Flemish people and his belief in their future.\nThe Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat in Ghent was named after him. The Ledeganck Campus of sciences of Ghent University is located here.", "Q316884": "Manuel V\u00e1zquez Montalb\u00e1n (14 June 1939 in Barcelona \u2013 18 October 2003 in Bangkok) was a prolific Spanish writer: journalist, novelist, poet, essayist, anthologue, prologist, humorist, critic and political prisoner as well as a gastronome and a FC Barcelona supporter.", "Q75385": "Johann Heinrich Callenberg (January 12, 1694 \u2013 July 11, 1760) was a German Orientalist, Lutheran professor of theology and philology, and promoter of conversion attempts among Jews and Muslims.\nCallenberg was born in Molschleben of peasant parents. Beginning in 1715 he studied philology and theology at the University of Halle. Sometime before 1720 Salomon Negri, professor of Syriac and Arabic at Rome, stayed in Halle for six months. Callenberg studied Arabic under him. Besides Arabic, Callenberg also studied Persian and Turkish.From his youth he cherished the idea of working for the conversion of the Muslims in the Middle East, Russia and Tartary, but later he devoted himself to missionary work among the Jews. He established, in 1728, the Institutum Judaicum, the first German Protestant mission to the Jews, to which he attached a printing-office. In this office he printed the Gospel and other Christian books in the Jud\u00e6o-German dialect, and distributed them among the Jews, with the assistance of the Jewish physician Dr. Heinrich Christian Immanuel Frommann, who translated the Gospel of Lukas with commentary, which was revised and reprinted by Raphael Biesenthal in the 19th century. Frommann's records named him only as typist, but Callenberg was not proficient in Hebrew at all. His first interest was Islam and by travelling got in touch with Jews. He was a great support to Dr. Frommann. He also sent missionaries to other European countries, and was a patron of converted Jews. His plans for the conversion of Muslims were resumed somewhat later, but in these he utterly failed. The Institutum Judaicum existed until 1791.\nIn 1727 Callenberg was appointed extraordinary professor of theology at the University of Halle, and in 1735 professor of philology. He died, aged 66, at Halle.\nAmong the works Callenberg published are the following:\n\nPrima rudivuenta linguse arabicx, Halle, 1729\nScriptores de reli\u00e7ione duhammedica, 1734\nSp\u00e9cimen bibliolhecx arabicx, 1736\nArabic translations of the New Testament, The Imitation of Christ, Luther's Catechism, etc.", "Q1197841": "Vietnam in HD (known as Vietnam Lost Films outside the US) is a 6-part American documentary television miniseries that originally aired from November 8 to November 11, 2011 on the History Channel. From the same producers as WWII in HD, the program focuses on the firsthand experiences of thirteen Americans during the Vietnam War. The thirteen Americans retell their stories in Vietnam paired with found footage from the battlefield.\nThe episodes premiered on three consecutive days, with two episodes per day. The series is narrated by Michael C. Hall.\nThe tagline for the series is \"It's not the war we know, it's the war they fought\".", "Q2758": "M\u00f6nchengladbach (German pronunciation: [m\u0153n\u00e7n\u0329\u02c8\u0261latbax] (listen)) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located west of the Rhine, halfway between D\u00fcsseldorf and the Dutch border.", "Q2275492": "Sex Traffic is a two-part British-Canadian television thriller, written by Abi Morgan and directed by David Yates, that first broadcast on Channel 4 on October 14, 2004. The series, produced by Veronica Castillo and Derek Wax, stars John Simm as Daniel Appleton, a journalist who uncovers a trafficking ring involving Anti-Trafficking officers employed by a private security company in the United States. As Daniel vows help to help Elena (Anamaria Marinca), one of the trafficked girls, he attempts to expose the business which forces young women from Eastern Europe into a life of sexual slavery.\nThe series was filmed between London, Bucharest and Nova Scotia. The series was also broadcast on CBC in Canada during October 2004. Notably, despite winning the BAFTA award for Best Actress, Sex Traffic was actress Anamaria Marinca's first credited television role. Overall, the series won a total of eight BAFTAs, including Best Drama Serial, and four Gemini Awards. The series was released on DVD on September 4, 2006.", "Q67959": "Fahy is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q112496": "Marianne Mendt (born Marianne Krupicka, 29 September 1945, Vienna) is an Austrian jazz singer and actress, best known for her participation in the 1971 Eurovision Song Contest.\n\n", "Q217230": "The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and (until 1828) Uruguay. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom Pedro I and his son Dom Pedro II. A colony of the Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil became the seat of the Portuguese colonial Empire in 1808, when the Portuguese Prince regent, later King Dom Jo\u00e3o VI, fled from Napoleon's invasion of Portugal and established himself and his government in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. Jo\u00e3o VI later returned to Portugal, leaving his eldest son and heir, Pedro, to rule the Kingdom of Brazil as regent. On 7 September 1822, Pedro declared the independence of Brazil and, after waging a successful war against his father's kingdom, was acclaimed on 12 October as Pedro I, the first Emperor of Brazil. The new country was huge, sparsely populated and ethnically diverse.\nUnlike most of the neighboring Hispanic American republics, Brazil had political stability, vibrant economic growth, constitutionally guaranteed freedom of speech, and respect for civil rights of its subjects, albeit with legal restrictions on women and slaves, the latter regarded as property and not citizens. The empire's bicameral parliament was elected under comparatively democratic methods for the era, as were the provincial and local legislatures. This led to a long ideological conflict between Pedro I and a sizable parliamentary faction over the role of the monarch in the government. He faced other obstacles. The unsuccessful Cisplatine War against the neighboring United Provinces of the R\u00edo de la Plata in 1828 led to the secession of the province of Cisplatina (later to become Uruguay). In 1826, despite his role in Brazilian independence, he became the king of Portugal; he immediately abdicated the Portuguese throne in favor of his eldest daughter. Two years later, she was usurped by Pedro I's younger brother Miguel. Unable to deal with both Brazilian and Portuguese affairs, Pedro I abdicated his Brazilian throne on 7 April 1831 and immediately departed for Europe to restore his daughter to the Portuguese throne.\nPedro I's successor in Brazil was his five-year-old son, Pedro II. As the latter was still a minor, a weak regency was created. The power vacuum resulting from the absence of a ruling monarch as the ultimate arbiter in political disputes led to regional civil wars between local factions. Having inherited an empire on the verge of disintegration, Pedro II, once he was declared of age, managed to bring peace and stability to the country, which eventually became an emerging international power. Brazil was victorious in three international conflicts (the Platine War, the Uruguayan War and the Paraguayan War) under Pedro II's rule, and the Empire prevailed in several other international disputes and outbreaks of domestic strife. With prosperity and economic development came an influx of European immigration, including Protestants and Jews, although Brazil remained mostly Catholic. Slavery, which had initially been widespread, was restricted by successive legislation until its final abolition in 1888. Brazilian visual arts, literature and theater developed during this time of progress. Although heavily influenced by European styles that ranged from Neoclassicism to Romanticism, each concept was adapted to create a culture that was uniquely Brazilian.\nEven though the last four decades of Pedro II's reign were marked by continuous internal peace and economic prosperity, he had no desire to see the monarchy survive beyond his lifetime and made no effort to maintain support for the institution. The next in line to the throne was his daughter Isabel, but neither Pedro II nor the ruling classes considered a female monarch acceptable. Lacking any viable heir, the Empire's political leaders saw no reason to defend the monarchy. After a 58-year reign, on 15 November 1889 the Emperor was overthrown in a sudden coup d'\u00e9tat led by a clique of military leaders whose goal was the formation of a republic headed by a dictator, forming the First Brazilian Republic.", "Q113788": "Kazan (Volga region) Federal University (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 (\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, Kazanskiy (Privolzhskiy) federalnyy universitet; Tatar: \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d (\u0418\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0411\u0443\u0435) \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b) is located in Kazan, Russia.\nFounded in 1804 as Imperial Kazan University, famous mathematician Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky served there as the rector from 1827 until 1846. In 1925, the university was renamed in honour of its most famous student Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin). The university is known as the birthplace of organic chemistry due to works by Aleksandr Butlerov, Vladimir Markovnikov, Aleksandr Arbuzov, and the birthplace of electron spin resonance discovered by Evgeny Zavoisky.\nIn 2010, Kazan University received a federal status. It is also one of 15 Russian universities that were initially selected to participate in the Project 5-100, coordinated by the Government of the Russian Federation and aimed to improve their international competitiveness among the world\u2019s leading research and educational centers.As of January 2020, the University comprises 18 primary educational units, 2 of which are territorial branches. More than 50,000 students are enrolled in over 600 degree programs at undergraduate and postgraduate level (including doctoral and double-degree programs with partner universities); the number of international students is about 9,700 from 106 countries.Research priority areas are concentrated on biomedicine and pharmaceutics, oil extraction, oil refining and petrochemistry, communications and aerospace technologies, advanced materials, and social sciences and humanities.", "Q58571": "Pope Gregory V (Latin: Gregorius V; c. 972 \u2013 18 February 999), born Bruno of Carinthia, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 3 May 996 to his death. A member of the Salian dynasty, he was made pope by his cousin Emperor Otto III.", "Q69974": "Cort\u00e9bert is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains.", "Q83375": "Empedocles (; Greek: \u1f18\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 [empedokl\u025b\u0302\u02d0s], Empedokl\u0113s; c.\u2009494 \u2013 c.\u2009434 BC, fl. 444-443 BC) was a Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a native citizen of Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily. Empedocles' philosophy is best known for originating the cosmogonic theory of the four classical elements. He also proposed forces he called Love and Strife which would mix and separate the elements, respectively.\nInfluenced by Pythagoras (died c. 495 BC) and the Pythagoreans, Empedocles challenged the practice of animal sacrifice and killing animals for food. He developed a distinctive doctrine of reincarnation. He is generally considered the last Greek philosopher to have recorded his ideas in verse. Some of his work survives, more than is the case for any other pre-Socratic philosopher. Empedocles' death was mythologized by ancient writers, and has been the subject of a number of literary treatments.\n\n", "Q455258": "OTHON, a.k.a. Othon Mataragas (born July 30, 1979), is a London-based Greek composer, pianist, songwriter, producer, DJ and club promoter. He is mostly known for combining classically infused composition with electronic productions and experimental songwriting. Apart from his solo work, he has collaborated with notable artists such as Wolfgang Tillmans, Marc Almond, David Tibet (of Current 93), Peter Christopherson (of Throbbing Gristle, Coil & Psychic TV), Ron Athey, Ernesto Tomasini and Dan Hillier.", "Q11617": "Aaliyah Dana Haughton (; January 16, 1979 \u2013 August 25, 2001) was an American singer, actress, and model. Born in Brooklyn and raised in Detroit, she first gained recognition at the age of 10, when she appeared on the television show Star Search and performed in concert alongside Gladys Knight. At the age of 12, Aaliyah signed with Jive Records and her uncle Barry Hankerson's Blackground Records. Hankerson introduced her to R. Kelly, who became her mentor, as well as lead songwriter and producer of her debut album, Age Ain't Nothing but a Number. The album sold 3 million copies in the United States and was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). After facing allegations of an illegal marriage with Kelly, Aaliyah ended her contract with Jive and signed with Atlantic Records.\nAaliyah worked with record producers Timbaland and Missy Elliott for her second album, One in a Million, which sold 3 million copies in the United States and more than 8 million copies worldwide. In 2000, Aaliyah appeared in her first film, Romeo Must Die. She contributed to the film's soundtrack, which spawned the single \"Try Again\". The song topped the Billboard Hot 100 solely on airplay, making Aaliyah the first artist in Billboard history to achieve this goal. \"Try Again\" also earned Aaliyah a Grammy Award nomination for Best Female R&B Vocalist. After completing Romeo Must Die, Aaliyah filmed her role in Queen of the Damned, and released her self-titled third and final studio album in 2001.\nOn August 25, 2001, Aaliyah and eight others were killed in a plane crash in the Bahamas after filming the music video for the single \"Rock the Boat\". The pilot, Luis Morales III, was unlicensed at the time of the accident and toxicology tests revealed that he had traces of cocaine and alcohol in his system. Aaliyah's family later filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Blackhawk International Airways, which was settled out of court. Aaliyah's music continued to achieve commercial success with several posthumous releases and has sold an estimated 24 to 32 million albums worldwide. She has been credited for helping to redefine contemporary R&B, pop and hip hop, earning her the nicknames the \"Princess of R&B\" and \"Queen of Urban Pop\". Billboard lists her as the tenth most successful female R&B artist of the past 25 years, and the 27th most successful in history.", "Q48762": "Heydar Moslehi (born 1957 in Isfahan) is an Iranian cleric and politician who served as the minister of intelligence from 2009 to 2013.", "Q67781": "Gustav Regler (1898-1963) was a German writer and journalist.", "Q673555": "Franti\u0161ek \u0160ebej (born 11 May 1947) is a Slovak politician and academic. He was member of the National Council of Slovakia between 1998 and 2002 and once more from 2010 until 2018. Between 1990 and 1992 he was member of the House of the Nation of the Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia.", "Q757391": "Central European University (CEU) is a graduate-level private university accredited in Austria and the U.S., with a campus in Vienna. CEU is ranked as one of the world's top universities in social sciences and humanities, with top-ranked programs in philosophy, cognitive science, political science, mathematics, international studies, public policy and administration, and history.CEU was founded in 1991 by hedge fund manager, political activist, and philanthropist George Soros, who provided the university with an $880 million endowment, making the university one of the wealthiest in Europe. A central tenet of the university's mission is the promotion of open societies. As of 2017, CEU had 1,448 students from 117 countries and 723 faculty members from more than 40 countries.CEU has 13 academic departments, 17 research centers, and two schools, including the School of Public Policy and the Doctoral School of Political Science, Public Policy and International Relations. The CEU Business School merged with the economics department in August 2017 to form the Department of Economics and Business.On 3 December 2018, the university announced it would cease operations in Hungary and relocate to Vienna, according to the university, after the Hungarian government's refusal to sign an agreement allowing it to continue operations in Hungary. That event may be set in the wider context of contemporary Hungarian politics.", "Q93166": "Milan Kundera (UK: , Czech: [\u02c8m\u026alan \u02c8kund\u025bra] (listen); born 1 April 1929) is a Czech writer who went into exile in France in 1975, becoming a naturalised French citizen in 1981. Kundera\u2019s Czech citizenship was revoked in 1979 and was not restored until 2019. He \"sees himself as a French writer and insists his work should be studied as French literature and classified as such in book stores\".Kundera's best-known work is The Unbearable Lightness of Being. Prior to the Velvet Revolution of 1989 the socialist r\u00e9gime in Czechoslovakia banned his books. He lives virtually incognito and rarely speaks to the media. A perpetual contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature, he is believed to have been nominated on several occasions.", "Q172404": "Pope Leo V was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from July 903 to his death in February 904. He was pope during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum, when popes wielded little temporal authority.\nLeo V was born at a place called Priapi, near Ardea. Although he was a priest when he was elected pope following the death of Pope Benedict IV (900\u2013903), he was not a cardinal priest of Rome.During his brief pontificate, Leo granted the canons of Bologna a special bull (epistola tuitionis) where he exempted them from the payment of taxes. However, after a reign of a little over two months, Leo was captured by Christopher, the cardinal-priest of San Lorenzo in Damaso, and thrown into prison. Christopher then had himself elected pope (903\u2013904). Although now considered an antipope, he had until recently been considered a legitimate pope. If Leo never acquiesced to his deposition, then he can be considered legitimate pope until his death in 904.\nLeo died shortly after being deposed. He was either murdered on the orders of Christopher, who was in turn executed by Sergius III (904\u2013911) in 904, or, possibly, both were ordered to be killed at the beginning of Sergius\u2019 pontificate, either on the orders of Sergius himself, or by the direction of Sergius' patron, Theophylact I of Tusculum. According to Horace K. Mann, it is more likely that Leo died a natural death in prison or in a monastery.", "Q58217": "Sergey Viktorovich Lavrov (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0430\u0432\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432, pronounced [s\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8g\u02b2ej \u02c8v\u02b2ikt\u0259r\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u026b\u0250v\u02c8rof]; born 21 March 1950) is a Russian diplomat and politician. In office since 2004, he is the Foreign Minister of Russia. Previously, he was the Russian Representative to the UN, serving in the role from 1994 to 2004.", "Q3394223": "Ferdinand Guillaume (1887\u20131977) was a French-born Italian actor and film director. He is often known by his stage name Polidor. \nIn 1910 after working for years in the family circus, he and his brother Natale were hired by Cines Studios where he starred in over a hundred comedy silent shorts billed as the character Tontolini. He then went to work for Pasquali Film in Turin.\n\n", "Q57124": "Sigismund of Luxembourg (15 February 1368 in Nuremberg \u2013 9 December 1437 in Znaim, Moravia) was prince-elector of Brandenburg from 1378 until 1388 and from 1411 until 1415, king of Hungary and Croatia from 1387, king of Germany from 1411, king of Bohemia from 1419, king of Italy from 1431, and Holy Roman emperor from 1433 until 1437, and the last male member of the House of Luxembourg.The son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV and Elizabeth of Pomerania, Sigismund married Queen Mary of Hungary in 1385 and was crowned King of Hungary soon after. He fought to restore and maintain authority to the throne. Mary died in 1395, leaving Sigismund the sole ruler of Hungary.\nIn 1396, Sigismund led the Crusade of Nicopolis, but was decisively defeated by the Ottoman Empire. Afterwards, he founded the Order of the Dragon to fight the Turks and secured the thrones of Croatia, Germany and Bohemia. Sigismund was one of the driving forces behind the Council of Constance (1414\u20131418) that ended the Papal Schism, but which also led to the Hussite Wars that dominated the later period of his life. In 1433, Sigismund was crowned Holy Roman Emperor and ruled until his death in 1437.", "Q104592": "Bruce Alan Beutler (born December 29, 1957) is an American immunologist and geneticist. Together with Jules A. Hoffmann, he received one-half of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for \"their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity\" (the other half went to Ralph M. Steinman for \"his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity\").Beutler is currently Director of the Center for the Genetics of Host Defense at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas.\n\n", "Q60788": "Otto Georg Schily (born 20 July 1932) was Federal Minister of the Interior of Germany from 1998 to 2005, in the cabinet of Chancellor Gerhard Schr\u00f6der. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).", "Q11171": "Anthony McLeod Kennedy (born July 23, 1936) is an American lawyer and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1988 until his retirement in 2018. He was nominated to the court in 1987 by President Ronald Reagan, and sworn in on February 18, 1988. After the retirement of Sandra Day O'Connor in 2006, he was the swing vote on many of the Roberts Court's 5\u20134 decisions.\nBorn in Sacramento, California, Kennedy took over his father's legal practice in Sacramento after graduating from Harvard Law School. In 1975, President Gerald Ford appointed Kennedy to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. In November 1987, after two failed attempts at nominating a successor to Associate Justice Lewis F. Powell Jr., President Reagan nominated Kennedy to the Supreme Court. Kennedy won unanimous confirmation from the United States Senate in February 1988. Following the death of Antonin Scalia in February 2016, Kennedy became the Senior Associate Justice of the Court; he remained the Senior Associate Justice until his July 2018 retirement. Kennedy retired during the administration of President Donald Trump and was succeeded by his former law clerk, Brett Kavanaugh.\nKennedy authored the majority opinion in several important cases, including Boumediene v. Bush, Citizens United v. FEC, and four gay rights cases (Romer v. Evans, Lawrence v. Texas, United States v. Windsor, and Obergefell v. Hodges). He also co-authored the plurality opinion in Planned Parenthood v. Casey.", "Q180692": "Synchronised swimming (in American English, synchronized swimming) or artistic swimming, is a hybrid form of swimming, dance, and gymnastics, consisting of swimmers performing a synchronised routine (either solo, duet, trio, mixed duet, free team, free combination, and highlight) of elaborate moves in the water, accompanied by music. Artistic swimming is governed internationally by FINA, and has been part of the Summer Olympics programme since 1984.\nSynchronised swimming demands advanced water skills, requires great strength, endurance, flexibility, grace, artistry and precise timing, as well as exceptional breath control when upside down underwater. Competitors show off their strength, flexibility, and aerobic endurance required to perform difficult routines. Swimmers perform two routines for judges, one technical and one free, as well as age group routines and figures. Synchronized swimming is both an individual and team sport. Swimmers compete individually during figures, and then as a team during the routine. Figures are made up of a combination of skills and positions that often require control, strength, and flexibility. Swimmers are ranked individually for this part of the competition. The routine involves teamwork and synchronisation. It is choreographed to music and often has a theme.\nSince the 20th century, synchronised swimming has predominantly been considered a women's sport, with the Summer Olympics only featuring women's duet and team events. However, international, national and regional competitions may allow men to compete, and FINA introduced a new mixed duet competition at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships. FINA officially renamed the sport from \"synchronized swimming\" to \"artistic swimming\" in 2017\u2014a decision that faced mixed reception.\n\n", "Q50893": "Paul Bert Elvstr\u00f8m (25 February 1928 \u2013 7 December 2016) was a Danish yachtsman. He won four Olympic gold medals and thirteen world titles in a range of classes including Snipe, Soling, Star, Flying Dutchman and Finn.", "Q313042": "Stephen Rea ( ray; born 31 October 1946) is an Irish film and stage actor. Rea has appeared in films such as V for Vendetta, Michael Collins, Interview with the Vampire and Breakfast on Pluto. Rea was nominated for an Academy Award for his lead performance as Fergus in the 1992 film The Crying Game. He has during later years had important roles in the Hugo Blick TV series The Shadow Line and The Honourable Woman, for which he won a BAFTA Award.", "Q52436610": "Suite 7 is an American limited anthology series created and executive produced by Wilson Cleveland. who also stars as Matthew Brandon. The series, presented by Better Sleep Council and distributed by A&E Networks, debuted on December 17, 2010 on MyLifetime.com and Lifetime\u2019s Hulu, YouTube, iTunes and Xbox channels.", "Q1537": "Wisconsin ( (listen)) is a U.S. state located in the north-central, Midwest and Great Lakes regions of the country. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous. The state capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee, which is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan. The state is divided into 72 counties.\nWisconsin's geography is diverse, having been greatly impacted by glaciers during the Ice Age with the exception of the Driftless Area. The Northern Highland and Western Upland along with a part of the Central Plain occupies the western part of the state, with lowlands stretching to the shore of Lake Michigan. Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline.\nDuring the 19th and early 20th centuries, many European settlers entered the state, many of whom emigrated from Germany and Scandinavia. Like neighboring Minnesota, the state remains a center of German American and Scandinavian American culture.\nThe state is one of the nation's leading dairy producers and is known as \"America's Dairyland\"; it is particularly famous for its cheese. Manufacturing (especially paper products), information technology (IT), cranberries, ginseng, and tourism are also major contributors to the state's economy.", "Q7110478": "Oulu is a Finnish constituency represented in eduskunta. It covers the administrative regions of Northern Ostrobothnia and Kainuu, with a combined population of about 459,000 (as of 2002). Oulu currently elects 18 members of eduskunta.\nThe constituency is largely rural, and the major cities are Oulu and Kajaani. The dominant party is the Centre, which has taken half of the available seats since 1991.", "Q983297": "Shahin Najafi (Persian: \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0641\u0649\u200e) (born in 1980 in Bandar-e Anzali, Gilan, Iran) is an Iranian musician, singer, songwriter and political activist currently residing in Germany.\nNajafi's songs mostly deal with issues such as theocracy, poverty, sexism, censorship, child labor, execution, drug addiction and homophobia. In interviews, he has stated that he strives to use poetic, literary, philosophical and political elements in his music.", "Q274973": "8mm is a 1999 crime mystery film directed by Joel Schumacher and written by Andrew Kevin Walker. The film stars Nicolas Cage as a private investigator who delves into the world of snuff films. Joaquin Phoenix, James Gandolfini, Peter Stormare, and Anthony Heald appear in supporting roles.", "Q98755": "Eleonore \"Loni\" Arnault (n\u00e9e. Nest, 4 August 1915 \u2013 2 October 1990), known professionally by her maiden name of Loni Nest, was a German actress. Born in Berlin, she was a child star of German silent films in the 1920s. She was filmed for the first time at the age of four weeks.", "Q89880": "J\u00f6rg Bode (born 12 November 1970 in Celle) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party, currently serving as the Minister for Economics, Labour and Transport and Deputy Prime Minister of the state of Lower Saxony.He was elected to the Landtag of Lower Saxony in 2003, and has been re-elected on one occasion. On 28 October 2009, Bode succeeded Philipp R\u00f6sler as the Minister for Economics, Labour and Transport and Deputy Prime Minister of the State of Lower Saxony. He served as Acting Prime Minister from 30 June until 1 July, following the resignation of Christian Wulff, who was elected President of Germany.\n\n", "Q1132231": "Little Women is a 1978 American television miniseries directed by David Lowell Rich and written by Suzanne Clauser based on the classic 1868 novel of the same name by Louisa May Alcott. The cast includes Susan Dey, Meredith Baxter Birney, Ann Dusenberry, Eve Plumb, Dorothy McGuire, William Schallert, Greer Garson, Robert Young, Richard Gilliland, William Shatner and John de Lancie.\nThe three-hour miniseries was produced by Universal Television and originally aired in two parts on NBC on October 2\u20133, 1978. A brief series followed in 1979, airing from February 8 to March 8, 1979. Eve Plumb was among the miniseries cast members who returned (although her character Beth had died in the miniseries, as she had in the original book), playing a cousin of the family called Lissa.", "Q300980": "Aalto University (Finnish: Aalto-yliopisto; Swedish: Aalto-universitetet) is a university located in Espoo, Finland. It was established in 2010 as a merger of three major Finnish universities: the Helsinki University of Technology (established 1849), the Helsinki School of Economics (established 1904), and the University of Art and Design Helsinki (established 1871). The close collaboration between the scientific, business and arts communities is intended to foster multi-disciplinary education and research. The Finnish government, in 2010, set out to create a university that fosters innovation, merging the three institutions into one.The university is composed of six schools with close to 17,500 students and 4,000 staff members, making it Finland's second largest university. The main campus of Aalto University is located in Otaniemi, Espoo. Aalto University Executive Education operates in the district of T\u00f6\u00f6l\u00f6, Helsinki. In addition to the Greater Helsinki area, the university also operates its Bachelor's Programme in International Business in Mikkeli and the Mets\u00e4hovi Radio Observatory in Kirkkonummi.\nAalto University's operations showcase Finland's experiment in higher education. The Aalto Design Factory, Aalto Ventures Program and Aalto Entrepreneurship Society (Aaltoes), among others, drive the university's mission for a radical shift towards multidisciplinary learning and have contributed substantially to the emergence of Helsinki as a hotbed for startups. Aaltoes is Europe's largest and most active student run entrepreneurship community that has founded major concepts such as the Startup Sauna accelerator program and the Slush startup event.\nThe university is named in honour of Alvar Aalto, a prominent Finnish architect, designer and alumnus of the former Helsinki University of Technology, who was also instrumental in designing a large part of the university's main campus in Otaniemi.", "Q65828": "Stettfurt is a municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q178897": "The Latin Empire, also referred to as the Latin Empire of Constantinople, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire. The Latin Empire was intended to replace the Byzantine Empire as the recognized Roman Empire in the east, with a Western Catholic emperor enthroned in place of the Eastern Orthodox Roman emperors.\nThe Fourth Crusade had originally been called to retake the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem but a sequence of economic and political events culminated in the Crusader army sacking the city of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. Originally, the plan had been to restore the deposed Byzantine Emperor Isaac II Angelos, who had been usurped by Alexios III Angelos, to the throne. The crusaders had been promised financial and military aid by Isaac's son Alexios, with which they had planned to continue to Jerusalem. When the crusaders reached Constantinople the situation quickly turned volatile and while Isaac and Alexios briefly ruled, the crusaders did not receive the payment they had hoped for. In April 1204, they captured and plundered the city's enormous wealth.\nThe crusaders selected their own emperor from among their own ranks, Baldwin of Flanders, and divided the territory of the Byzantine Empire into various new vassal crusader states. The Latin Empire's authority was immediately challenged by Byzantine rump states led by the Laskaris family (connected to the Angelos dynasty of 1185\u20131204) in Nicaea and the Komnenos family (which had ruled as Byzantine Emperors 1081\u20131185) in Trebizond. From 1224 to 1242 the Komnenos Doukas family, also connected to the Angeloi, challenged Latin authority from Thessalonica. The Latin Empire failed to attain political or economic dominance over the other Latin powers that had been established in former Byzantine territories in the wake of the Fourth Crusade, especially Venice, and after a short initial period of military successes it went into a steady decline due to constant war with Bulgaria to the north and the various Byzantine claimants. The Nicaean Empire eventually recovered Constantinople and restored the Byzantine Empire under Michael VIII Palaiologos in 1261. The last Latin emperor, Baldwin II, went into exile, but the imperial title survived, with several pretenders to it, until the 14th century.\nLike the term \"Byzantine Empire\", \"Latin Empire\" was not a contemporary term used by the empire itself or the rest of the world. The Byzantines referred to the Latin Empire as the Frankokratia (\u03a6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, lit. \"rule of the Franks\") or the Latinokratia (\u039b\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, lit. \"rule of the Latins\") and the Latin Emperors themselves referred to the empire by various names, commonly imperium Constantinopolitanum (lit. Empire of Constantinople), but also imperium Romaniae (lit. Empire of Romania) and imperium Romanorum (lit. Empire of the Romans). The term Romania (\"Land of the Romans\") had been used unofficially by the population of the Byzantine Empire for their country for centuries.", "Q599134": "The Appenzell Alps (German: Appenzeller Alpen) are a mountain range in Switzerland on the northern edge of the Alps. They extend into the cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden and St. Gallen and are bordered by the Glarus Alps to the west and the R\u00e4tikon to the south-east.", "Q18558892": "Criminal Justice is a British television drama series produced by the BBC and first shown in 2008. Written by Peter Moffat, each five-episode series follows the journey of an individual through the justice system and was first broadcast over five successive nights on BBC One.\nThe first series, first shown in 2008, starred Ben Whishaw as Ben Coulter, a young man who is accused of murder after a drunken and drug-filled night out, though is unable to remember committing the crime. It was directed by Otto Bathurst and Luke Watson. In 2009, the second series featured Maxine Peake as troubled housewife Juliet Miller whose husband was stabbed in their bed. Yann Demange and Marc Jobst directed the second series.\nThe first series won two British Academy Television Awards for Best Drama Serial and Best Writer, three Royal Television Society Awards and an International Emmy. The first season has been re-made into a HBO miniseries The Night Of, starring John Turturro and Riz Ahmed.", "Q106391": "Elisabeth \"Ellis\" Kaut (17 November 1920 \u2013 24 September 2015) was a German author of children's literature, best known for her creation of Pumuckl, a kobold appearing in radio plays and TV series. She also published novellas and some illustrated books.", "Q8261": "A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally written in prose form, and which is typically published as a book.\nThe present English word for a long work of prose fiction derives from the Italian novella for \"new\", \"news\", or \"short story of something new\", itself from the Latin novella, a singular noun use of the neuter plural of novellus, diminutive of novus, meaning \"new\". Walter Scott made a distinction between the novel, in which (as he saw it) \"events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society\" and the romance, which he defined as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents\". However, many such romances, including the historical romances of Scott, Emily Bront\u00eb's Wuthering Heights and Herman Melville's Moby-Dick, are also frequently called novels, and Scott describes romance as a \"kindred term\". This sort of romance is in turn different from the genre fiction love romance or romance novel. \nOther European languages do not distinguish between romance and novel: \"a novel is le roman, der Roman, il romanzo, en roman.\" Most European languages use the word \"romance\" (as in French, Dutch, Russian, Slovene, Serbo-Croatian, Romanian, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian \"roman\"; Finnish \"romaani\"; German \"Roman\"; Portuguese \"romance\" and Italian \"romanzo\") for extended narratives.\nThe novel boasts \"a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years\", with its origins in classical Greece and Rome, in medieval and early modern romance, and in the tradition of the Italian renaissance novella. (Since the 18th century, the term \"novella\", or \"novelle\" in German, has been used in English and other European languages to describe a long short story or a short novel.)\nMurasaki Shikibu's Tale of Genji, an early 11th-century Japanese text, has sometimes been described as the world's first novel, but there is considerable debate over this \u2014 there were certainly long fictional works much earlier. Spread of printed books in China led to the appearance of classical Chinese novels by the Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644). Parallel European developments occurred after the invention of the printing press. Miguel de Cervantes, author of Don Quixote (the first part of which was published in 1605), is frequently cited as the first significant European novelist of the modern era. Ian Watt, in The Rise of the Novel (1957), suggested that the modern novel was born in the early 18th century.", "Q311641": "Den\u00edlson de Oliveira (born 24 August 1977), known simply as Den\u00edlson, is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a left winger.\nIn a 16-year professional career he played mainly with S\u00e3o Paulo and Real Betis; who made him the world's most expensive player in 1998. He also appeared for teams in five other countries during his career.\nDen\u00edlson gained more than 60 caps for Brazil, making his full debut before his 20th birthday and representing the nation in six international tournaments, including two World Cups (winning the 2002 edition). Denilson was known for his dribbling skills.", "Q459310": "Hamid Dabashi (Persian: \u062d\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u200e; born 1951) is an Iranian Professor of Iranian Studies and Comparative Literature at Columbia University in New York City.He is the author of over twenty books. Among them are his Theology of Discontent; several books on Iranian cinema; Staging a Revolution; an edited volume, Dreams of a Nation: On Palestinian Cinema; and his one-volume analysis of Iranian history Iran: A People Interrupted.", "Q525967": "Kjell West\u00f6 (born 6 August 1961 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish author and journalist. West\u00f6 writes in Swedish. Best known for his epic novels set in Helsinki, he has also written short stories, poetry, essays and newspaper columns.", "Q2965721": "Christian de Boisredon (born 2 February 1974) writer, social entrepreneur in the media field\nFounder of Sparknews (including Impact Journalism Day and Solutions&Co). Also named Ashoka Fellow in 2014 for Sparknews.", "Q243113": "Cedella Marley (born 23 August 1967) is a Jamaican singer, dancer, fashion designer, actress, and entrepreneur. She is the daughter of reggae singers Bob Marley and Rita Marley and the mother of Skip Marley.", "Q4164865": "Mu'ayyad al-Din Abu Isma\u2018il al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Tughra'i (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0624\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a; Persian: \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644 \u0637\u063a\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u067e\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e) (1061 \u2013 c. 1121) was an 11th\u201312th century poet and alchemist.\nMu'ayyad al-Din al-Tughra'i was born in Isfahan, Persia, and he composed poems in the Arabic language. He was an administrative secretary (therefore the name Tughra'i'). He ultimately became the second-most-senior official (after the vizier) in the civil administration of the Seljuq Empire.\nHe was, however, executed unjustifiably, according to most historians in 1121. He had been appointed vizir to Emir Ghiyat-ul-Din Mas'ud, and upon the death of the emir a power struggle ensued between his sons. al-Tughra'i sided with the emir's elder son, but the younger prevailed. In retribution, the younger son accused al-Tughra'i of heresy and had him beheaded.He was a well-known and prolific writer on astrology and alchemy, and many of his poems (diwan) are preserved today as well. In the field of alchemy, al-Tughra'i is best known for his large compendium titled Mafatih al-rahmah wa-masabih al-hikmah, which incorporated extensive extracts from earlier Arabic alchemical writings, as well as Arabic translations from Zosimos of Panopolis's old alchemy treatises written in Greek, which were until 1995 erroneously attributed to unknown alchemists by mistakes and inconsistencies in the transliteration and transcription of his name into Arabic.In 1112 CE, he also composed Kitab Haqa'iq al-istishhad, a rebuttal of a refutation of the occult in alchemy written by Ibn Sina.\n\n", "Q4859424": "Barbara Darinka Zatler (7 November 1980 \u2013 7 July 2019) was a Danish actress, TV personality, businesswoman, model and comedienne.\nBarbara was nominated in Euroman magazine, Denmark's biggest lifestyle magazine, where she was nominated as one of ten remarkable people in Denmark 2010.\nBarbara was featured in magazines like GQ South Africa, Maxim magazine Slovenia, Greece and FHM magazine in Denmark, the United States, India, Turkey, Lime, Q, ALT for Damerne magazine and worked with photographers like Anders Overgaard, Isak Hoffmeier, Nicky De Silva and Michael Vincent.", "Q172410": "Leslie Thorne (23 June 1916 in Greenock, Inverclyde \u2013 13 July 1993 in Troon, South Ayrshire) was a British racing driver from Scotland. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, 1954 British Grand Prix, where he finished 14th and scored no championship points. Thorne also competed in several non-Championship Formula One races.After his motor-racing career he settled down as a chartered accountant.", "Q84368": "Walburga Ehrengarde Helena, Lady Paget (n\u00e9e von Hohenthal; 3 May 1839 \u2013 11 October 1929) was a diarist, writer and an intimate friend of Queen Victoria.", "Q211133": "Baldassare Castiglione (Italian: [baldas\u02c8sa\u02d0re kasti\u028e\u02c8\u028eo\u02d0ne]; December 6, 1478 \u2013 February 2, 1529), count of Casatico, was an Italian courtier, diplomat, soldier and a prominent Renaissance author, who is probably most famous for his authorship of Il Cortegiano or The Book of the Courtier. The work was an example of a courtesy book, dealing with questions of the etiquette and morality of the courtier, and was very influential in 16th-century European court circles.", "Q93614": "Friederike Mayr\u00f6cker (born 20 December 1924 in Vienna) is an Austrian poet.\n\n", "Q885180": "John Gregory Smith (July 22, 1818 \u2013 November 6, 1891) was a Vermont businessman and politician. He is most notable for serving as Governor of Vermont from 1863 to 1865, the last of Vermont's Civil War chief executives.", "Q1033891": "Martial arts films, also colloquially known as karate or kung fu films, are a subgenre of action films that feature numerous martial arts fights between characters. These fights are usually the films' primary appeal and entertainment value, and often are a method of storytelling and character expression and development. Martial arts are frequently featured in training scenes and other sequences in addition to fights. Martial arts films commonly include other types of action, such as hand-to-hand combat, stuntwork, chases, and gunfights.\n\n", "Q83407": "Mons (French pronunciation: \u200b[m\u0254\u0303s]; Dutch: Bergen; German: Bergen; Picard: Mont; Walloon: Mont) is a Walloon city and municipality, and the capital of the Belgian province of Hainaut. The Mons municipality includes the former communes of Cuesmes, Fl\u00e9nu, Ghlin, Hyon, Nimy, Obourg, Jemappes, Ciply, Harmignies, Harveng, Havr\u00e9, Maisi\u00e8res, Mesvin, Nouvelles, Saint-Denis, Saint-Symphorien, Spiennes and Villers-Saint-Ghislain. \nMons was made into a fortified city by Count Baldwin IV of Hainaut in the 12th century. The population grew quickly, trade flourished, and several commercial buildings were erected near the Grand\u2019Place. In 1814, King William I of the Netherlands increased the fortifications, following the fall of the First French Empire. The Industrial Revolution and coal mining made Mons a center of heavy industry. In 1830, Belgium gained its independence and the decision was made to dismantle the fortifications, allowing the creation of large boulevards and other urban projects.\nOn 23\u201324 August 1914, Mons was the location of the Battle of Mons. The British were forced to retreat and the town remained occupied by the Germans until its liberation by the Canadian Corps during the final days of the war. There are several memorial placards related to the WW1 battles. Today, the city is an important university town and commercial centre. The main square is the centre of the old city. It is paved in the manner of old cities and is home to many cafes and restaurants, as well as the town hall and belfry. It is forbidden to park in or drive through the centre. Together with the Czech city of Plze\u0148, Mons was the European Capital of Culture in 2015.", "Q285020": "The Lost City is a 2005 American drama film directed by Andy Garc\u00eda. It stars Garcia, Dustin Hoffman, In\u00e9s Sastre, and Bill Murray.", "Q539396": "Angier March Perkins (21 August 1799 \u2013 22 April 1881) was an American engineer who worked most of his career in the United Kingdom and was instrumental in developing the new technologies of central heating.", "Q323195": "Pieter-Jan Belder (born 19 January 1966) is a Dutch instrumentalist in historically informed performance, playing recorder, harpsichord and fortepiano. He founded the ensemble Musica Amphion for performances and recordings.", "Q295233": "John Alberto Leguizamo (; Colombian Spanish: [le\u0263i\u02c8samo]; born July 22, 1964) is an American actor, stand-up comedian, producer, playwright and screenwriter. He rose to fame with a co-starring role in the action comedy Super Mario Bros. (1993) as Luigi and a supporting role in the crime drama Carlito's Way (1993). Other roles include Sid the Sloth in the animated Ice Age films (2002\u20132016) and the narrator of the sitcom The Brothers Garc\u00eda (2000\u20132004). His other notable films are To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor, Spawn, Moulin Rouge!, Land of the Dead, Summer of Sam, Chef, John Wick, John Wick: Chapter 2, The Happening, and Romeo + Juliet. He had a recurring role on ER and was a series regular on The Kill Point. He is also known for his role as Ozzy Delvecchio on Bloodline.\nAs of 2009, he has appeared in over 75 films, produced over 10 films, starred on Broadway in several productions (winning several awards, including a Special Tony Award), made over 12 television appearances, and has produced or starred in many other television shows.", "Q6989518": "Neil Young Trunk Show is a 2009 documentary and concert film by Jonathan Demme, featuring Neil Young.\nIt is, along with Neil Young: Heart of Gold (2006) and Neil Young Journeys (2012), part of a Neil Young trilogy created by Demme.", "Q285746": "Tarzan and the Mermaids is a 1948 adventure film based on the Tarzan character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs. Directed by Robert Florey, it was the last of twelve Tarzan films to star Johnny Weissmuller in the title role. It was also the first Tarzan film since 1939 not to feature the character Boy, adopted son of Tarzan and Jane. (Boy was described in the film as being away at school, and the character never returned to the series.)", "Q201446": "John Thomas Grinder, Jr. ( GRIN-d\u0259r; born January 10, 1940) is an American linguist, author, management consultant, trainer and speaker. Grinder is credited with co-creating Neuro-linguistic programming, with Richard Bandler. He is co-director of Quantum Leap Inc., a management consulting firm founded by his partner Carmen Bostic St. Clair in 1987 (Grinder joined in 1989). Grinder and Bostic St. Clair also run workshops and seminars on NLP internationally.\n\n", "Q496207": "Edward Shearmur (sometimes known as Ed Shearmur; born 28 February 1966) is a British film composer. Born in London, England, at age 7 he sang in the boys' choir at Westminster Cathedral. Educated at Eton College, he studied at the Royal College of Music and went on to a scholarship at Pembroke College at the University of Cambridge. He worked as orchestration and conducting assistant to Michael Kamen on such films as Licence to Kill, Die Hard, Lethal Weapon and the acclaimed Don Juan DeMarco) before scoring his first full-length feature film The Cement Garden which won the director's prize at the Berlin Film Festival. His first major feature score was that of The Wings of the Dove (1997). He has since scored a diverse range of popular films, including both Charlie's Angels outings, Cruel Intentions, Species II, and K-PAX.In addition to his film work, Shearmur has collaborated as keyboardist and arranger with a number of prominent rock musicians, including Eric Clapton, Annie Lennox, Pink Floyd, Marianne Faithfull, Bryan Adams, Echo & the Bunnymen, Jimmy Page and Robert Plant.\nAmbient artist David Helpling has cited Shearmur's compositional style as a major influence on his work.\nShearmur was married to film producer Allison Shearmur (n\u00e9e Brecker) until her death from lung cancer in January 2018. They have two children.", "Q187857": "Rebecca Jean Fink (n\u00e9e Smallbone; born 26 July 1977), known professionally as Rebecca Jean or Rebecca St. James, is an Australian Christian pop rock singer-songwriter and actress. She began performing in Australia in the late 1980s and released her first full-length studio album in 1991. She was signed to ForeFront Records in 1993, releasing her major label debut the following year.\nSt. James rose to fame in the late 1990s with her RIAA certified Gold albums God and Pray, the latter of which won a Grammy Award in 1999 for Best Rock Gospel Album, and her holiday album Christmas. The albums spawned multiple singles, including \"God\", \"Go and Sin No More Since\", and \"Pray\". Since then she has established herself as one of the most prominent musical artists in Contemporary Christian music (CCM), with four additional full-length studio albums: Transform, Worship God, If I Had One Chance to Tell You Something and I Will Praise You. Staple songs such as \"Wait for Me\", \"Reborn\", \"Song of Love\", \"Alive\", and \"Shine Your Glory Down\", have all been derived from these releases. She has sold two million albums since starting her career.St. James is also an accomplished author and actress. To date, she has released more than a dozen published books and appeared in eight films (including lead roles in Sarah's Choice and A Strange Brand of Happy), a musical stage show, and a VeggieTales episode (\"An Easter Carol\"). She is also an outspoken sexual abstinence and anti-abortion advocate, a spokesperson for Compassion International, the sister of Joel and Luke Smallbone, who comprise the band For King & Country, and the wife of Foster the People's former bassist Jacob \"Cubbie\" Fink.", "Q284458": "Rumiko Koyanagi (\u5c0f\u67f3\u30eb\u30df\u5b50, Koyanagi Rumiko) is a Japanese actress and singer. She won the award for best new artist at the 13th Japan Record Awards and won the Japan Music Award in 1972. She won the award for best supporting actress at the 6th Japan Academy Prize for To Trap a Kidnapper and the award for best actress at the 7th Japan Academy Prize for Hakujasho.", "Q755": "Paul-Marie Verlaine (; French: [v\u025b\u0281l\u025bn(\u0259)]; 30 March 1844 \u2013 8 January 1896) was a French poet associated with the Symbolist movement and the Decadent movement. He is considered one of the greatest representatives of the fin de si\u00e8cle in international and French poetry.", "Q186591": "The Pakistan Peoples Party (Urdu: \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u067e\u0644\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0679\u06cc\u200e, romanized: Pakstan pyplz party, PPP) is a centre-left, social-democratic political party of Pakistan. Affiliated with the Socialist International, the PPP promotes in her own view social justice and a strong national defence.Since its foundation in 1967, it had been a major and influential political left-wing and socialist force in the country and the party's leadership has been dominated by the members of the Bhutto family. Its centre of power lies in the southern province of Sindh.Since its formation in 1967, the PPP has been voted into power on five separate occasions (1970, 1977, 1988, 1993 and 2008). It dominated the politics of Pakistan during the 1970s, suffering a temporary decline during the military dictatorship of Zia-ul-Haq. After the re-establishment of democracy in 1988 following Zia's death, a two-party system developed, with the PPP and the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad, later succeeded by the Pakistan Muslim League (N), as the two major sides. The party served as the principal opposition to the Pervez Musharraf-led social liberal government from 1999 to 2008. Until the disqualification of Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani by the Supreme Court in 2012, the PPP was regarded as the most influential political party in the country. During the 2013 general election, it emerged as the governing party of Sindh and the largest opposition party in the National Assembly)\n\n", "Q961560": "Al Lowe (born July 24, 1946) is an American video game designer, programmer, and musician who developed several adventure games, mostly for Sierra On-Line. He is best known for creating the Leisure Suit Larry series. He has also worked as a casting director, voice director, writer, director, producer, background photographer, actor and executive producer.", "Q88234": "Christoph Chorherr (born 9 December 1960, Vienna) is an Austrian politician. From 1996 until December 1997 he was federal spokesperson of the Austrian Green Party.\nFrom 1979-86 he studied economics at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration, specialising in environmental economics. In 1991 he became a member of the federal state council of Vienna for the Austrian Greens. He was federal spokesperson of the party from 1996 until December 1997, after which he retreated from federal politics and went back to lead Vienna's federal state party politics.\nHe teaches at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration.Chorherr is founder and head of two NGOs:\n\n\"S\u00b2arch - Social Sustainable Architecture\" which operates aid projects in South Africa\n\"Ithuba Skills College\"", "Q596575": "Warren McGlone (born September 17, 1969, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), known by the stage name Steady B, is an American hip hop emcee who, along with Schoolly D, the Fresh Prince, and Three Times Dope, was one of the first wave of Philadelphia-area emcees to gain notoriety in the mid to late 1980s. Steady B was a member (and de facto leader) of Philadelphia's Hilltop Hustlers crew. Steady B's musical career was relatively short-lived, and he is currently serving a life sentence in a Pennsylvania state prison for his role in the murder of Philadelphia Police officer Lauretha Vaird, during a botched bank robbery in January 1996.", "Q166303": "Robert Autry Inman (January 6, 1929 \u2013 September 6, 1988) was an American country and rockabilly musician.", "Q909810": "Leningrad (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434), also known as Gruppirovka Leningrad (Russian: \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \"\u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\") and Bandformirovanie Leningrad (Russian: \u0411\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \"\u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\"), is a popular Russian rock band from Saint Petersburg (formerly Leningrad), led by Sergey \"Shnur\" Shnurov.\nComposed of 14 members, the band was founded in the late 1990s. Leningrad worked in Gypsy punk style and soon became notorious for vulgar lyrics (including lots of Russian mat) and celebration of drinking. As a result, most radio stations initially avoided the band, which did not stop Leningrad's growing popularity, partly for purely aesthetic reasons, such as the rich brass sound. The band eventually made its way to radio and TV (with profanity bleeped out). Shnurov even presented several New Year's Eve TV shows.\nIn 2007, the group began experimenting with female backup vocals, finally choosing jazz singer Yuliya Kogan as a permanent band member.\nLeningrad disbanded in 2008, and then reunited in 2010. Several new songs and videos have been released since, most of them featuring lead vocals by Kogan rather than Shnurov. In March 2019, Shnurov announced, through his daily Instagram poem, that Leningrad would disband by the end of the year, after a farewell tour.", "Q309768": "Fernando Arrabal Ter\u00e1n (born August 11, 1932) is a Spanish playwright, screenwriter, film director, novelist, and poet. He was born in Melilla and settled in France in 1955. Regarding his nationality, Arrabal describes himself as \"desterrado\", or \"half-expatriate, half-exiled\".\nArrabal has directed seven full-length feature films and has published over 100 plays; 14 novels; 800 poetry collections, chapbooks, and artists' books; several essays; and his notorious \"Letter to General Franco\" during the dictator's lifetime. His complete plays have been published, in multiple languages, in a two-volume edition totaling over two thousand pages. The New York Times' theatre critic Mel Gussow has called Arrabal the last survivor among the \"three avatars of modernism\".\nIn 1962, Arrabal co-founded the Panic Movement with Alejandro Jodorowsky and Roland Topor, inspired by the god Pan. He was elected Transcendent Satrap of the Coll\u00e8ge de Pataphysique in 1990. Forty other Transcendent Satraps have been elected over the past half-century, including Marcel Duchamp, Eug\u00e8ne Ionesco, Man Ray, Boris Vian, Dario Fo, Umberto Eco, and Jean Baudrillard. Arrabal spent three years as a member of Andr\u00e9 Breton's surrealist group and was a friend of Andy Warhol and Tristan Tzara.\n\nWriter and critic Javier Villan wrote of Arrabal:Arrabal's theatre is a wild, brutal, cacophonous, and joyously provocative world. It is a dramatic carnival in which the carcass of our 'advanced' civilizations is barbecued over the spits of a permanent revolution. He is the artistic heir of Kafka's lucidity and Jarry's humor; in his violence, Arrabal is related to Sade and Artaud. Yet he is doubtless the only writer to have pushed derision as far as he did. Deeply political and merrily playful, both revolutionary and bohemian, his work is the syndrome of our century of barbed wire and Gulags, a manner of finding a reprieve.", "Q98027": "Ulrich Helmut Bez (born 7. November 1943 in Bad Cannstatt, Germany) is a German businessman and was, until the end of 2013, CEO of Aston Martin motorcars when he stepped down to serve as non-executive chairman.", "Q127439": "Puppet Master III: Toulon's Revenge is a 1991 direct-to-video horror film written by Charles Band, C. Courtney Joyner and David Schmoeller, and directed by David DeCoteau. It is the third film in the Puppet Master franchise, a prequel to 1989's Puppet Master and 1991's Puppet Master II, and stars Guy Rolfe as a puppeteer whose ability to animate lifeless material attracts the attention of the Nazis, whose members are played by Richard Lynch, Ian Abercrombie, and Walter Gotell.\nToulon's Revenge, as well as the second, fourth, and fifth installments of the series, are only available in DVD format through a Full Moon Features box set that has since been discontinued. However, in 2007, Full Moon Features reacquired the rights to the first five films, and the box set has since been reissued and is available directly from Full Moon, as well as through several online retailers.\nThe film is also available on DVD along with the first two films on a triple feature \"Midnight Horror Collection\" at a budget price. A remastered edition Blu-ray and DVD of the film was released on September 18, 2012.\n\n", "Q13014": "Franz Josef Jonas (4 October 1899 \u2013 24 April 1974) was an Austrian politician. He served as President of Austria, between 1965 and 1974.\nHe was a typesetter by profession and a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria. After World War II he got involved in Viennese communal politics and was mayor of Vienna from 1951 to 1965. From 1965, he was federal president and was re-elected in 1971.\nHe was a fervent supporter of Esperanto, and starting in 1923, became a long-time instructor of the language. His address to the 1970 World Congress of Esperanto, which was held in Vienna, was delivered in Esperanto.In 1974, he died in office, the fourth consecutive President to do so.\nIn Vienna, a large tram station officially called Schottentor which was built when he was mayor is colloquially named after him (Jonas-Reindl, which translates as Jonas bowl).\nIn 1966 he was awarded the Grand Cross of The Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav with Collar, and in 1969 the Pierre de Coubertin medal.", "Q99339": "Elisabet Boehm (n\u00e9e Steppuhn) (27 September 1859 \u2013 30 May 1943) was a German feminist, writer, founder of the first Landwirtschaftlichen Hausfrauenvereins (\"Agricultural Housewives' Society\") and the founder of the rural women's movement in general.\n\n", "Q73938": "Johann Georg Kohl (28 April 1808, in Bremen \u2013 28 October 1878) was a German travel writer, historian, and geographer.", "Q81576": "Rashid Jahan (25 August 1905 \u2013 2 July 1952) was an Indian writer who inaugurated a new era of Urdu literature written by women. She wrote short-stories and plays and is perhaps best remembered for her involvement with the explosive Angaaray (1932), a collection of groundbreaking and unconventional short stories written by young writers in Urdu like Sajjad Zaheer and Ahmed Ali.", "Q129414": "Wanda Jarszewska (3 November 1888 \u2013 15 May 1964) was a Polish film actress. She appeared in more than 40 films between 1916 and 1962.", "Q9619": "Tame Impala is a psychedelic music project of Australian multi-instrumentalist Kevin Parker. In the recording studio, Parker writes, records, performs, and produces all of the project's music. As a touring act, Tame Impala consists of Parker (guitar, vocals), Dominic Simper (guitar, synthesiser), Jay Watson (synthesiser, vocals, guitar), Cam Avery (bass guitar, vocals), and Julien Barbagallo (drums, vocals). The group has a close affiliation with fellow Australian psychedelic rock band Pond, sharing members and collaborators, including Nick Allbrook, formerly a live member of Tame Impala. Originally signed to Modular Recordings, Tame Impala is now signed to Interscope Records in the US, and Fiction Records in the UK.\nParker originally conceived the project in Perth in 2007. After a series of singles and EPs, Tame Impala's debut studio album, Innerspeaker, was released in 2010; it was certified gold in Australia and well received by critics. Parker's 2012 follow-up, Lonerism, was also acclaimed, reaching platinum status in Australia and receiving a Grammy Award nomination for Best Alternative Music Album. Tame Impala's third album, Currents, was released in July 2015, and like its predecessor, it won ARIA Awards for Best Rock Album and Album of the Year. Parker won the APRA Award for Song of the Year 2016 for Currents' first track, \"Let It Happen\". The fourth and most recent studio album, The Slow Rush, was released 14 February 2020.", "Q160772": "Vassiliki Papathanasiou (Greek: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, born 23 August 1949), generally known as Vicky Leandros (Greek: \u0392\u03af\u03ba\u03c5 \u039b\u03ad\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2), is a Greek singer living in Germany. She is the daughter of singer, musician and composer Leandros Papathanasiou (Greek: \u039b\u03ad\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5; also known as Leo Leandros as well as Mario Panas). In 1967 she achieved worldwide fame after gaining fourth place for the country of Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"L'amour est bleu\", which became a worldwide hit. She further established her career by winning the Eurovision Song Contest in 1972 with the song \"Apr\u00e8s Toi\", again representing Luxembourg.\nOn 15 October 2006 Vicky Leandros was elected town councillor of the Greek harbour town of Piraeus on the Pasok list. Her task concerned the Cultural and International development of Piraeus. She was also Deputy Mayor of Piraeus.\nIt was announced in June 2008 that Leandros decided to leave her position in Greek politics with immediate effect stating that she had underestimated the work load and time needed to fulfil her political obligations and that it had become impossible to combine those duties with her singing career.\n\n", "Q121048": "Herbert Ettengruber (born 19 July 1941) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. Between 1996 and 2008 he was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.\n\n", "Q1245": "Enrico De Nicola, (Italian pronunciation: [en\u02c8ri\u02d0ko de ni\u02c8k\u0254\u02d0la] (listen); 9 November 1877 \u2013 1 October 1959) was an Italian jurist, journalist, politician, and provisional Head of State of republican Italy from 1946 to 1948. Afterwards, he became the first President of Italy on 1 January 1948.", "Q184386": "Yes are an English progressive rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford. The band has undergone numerous formations throughout its history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members. Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood. Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.\nYes began performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums. A change of direction in 1970 led to a series of successful progressive rock albums until their disbanding in 1981, their most successful being The Yes Album (1971), Fragile (1971) and Close to the Edge (1972). Yes toured as a major rock act that earned the band a reputation for their elaborate stage sets, light displays, and album covers designed by Roger Dean. The success of \"Roundabout\", the single from Fragile, cemented their popularity across the decade and beyond.\nIn 1983, Yes reformed with a new line-up that included Trevor Rabin and a more commercial and pop-oriented musical direction. The result was 90125 (1983), their highest-selling album, which contained the U.S. number-one single, \"Owner of a Lonely Heart\". From 1990 to 1992, Yes were an eight-member formation after they merged with Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe for Union (1991) and its tour. Since 1994, Yes have released albums with varied levels of success and completed tours from 1994 to 2004. After a four-year hiatus, they resumed touring in 2009 and continue to release albums; their most recent is Heaven & Earth (2014). In 2016, a new group of former Yes members began touring and named themselves Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin, Rick Wakeman.\nYes are one of the most successful, influential, and longest-lasting progressive rock bands. They have sold 13.5 million RIAA-certified albums in the US. In 1985, they won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance with \"Cinema\", and received five Grammy nominations between 1985 and 1992. They were ranked No. 94 on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock. Yes have headlined annual progressive rock-themed cruises since 2013 named Cruise to the Edge. Their discography spans 21 studio albums. In April 2017, Yes were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, which chose specifically to bestow the honour upon current and former members Anderson, Squire, Bruford, Kaye, Howe, Wakeman, White and Rabin.", "Q86219": "Ottmar von Mohl (17 January 1846 \u2013 23 March 1922) was a German diplomat and government advisor in Meiji period Japan.\nOttmar von Mohl, born in T\u00fcbingen, Germany was the son of famous jurist Robert von Mohl. He studied law at the University of T\u00fcbingen, passed the first Baden State Examination in 1868 and earned a doctorate in law from the University of Heidelberg the same year. In 1873, he was appointed cabinet secretary of Empress Augusta of Saxe-Weimar.\nHis diplomatic career led him to Cincinnati, Ohio in the United States in 1879 and to Saint Petersburg, Russia in 1885 as German consul.\nHe was recruited by the Meiji period Japanese government as a foreign advisor from 1887 to 1889. He and his wife, Wanda von Mohl (n\u00e9e Countess von der Groeben), served with the Japanese Imperial Household Ministry in Tokyo, Japan to introduce European Court ceremonials and protocols to Japanese Emperor Meiji and his court.\nFrom 1897 to 1917, he served as a German delegate to the Egyptian National Debt Commission in Cairo, until the activities of that Commission were suspended in 1914 due to the Egyptian Declaration of War.\nHe died at Schloss Arnshaugk near Neustadt an der Orla.", "Q2612832": "Leonid Molodoshanin, known as Leo Mol, (January 15, 1915 \u2013 July 4, 2009) was a Ukrainian Canadian stained glass artist, painter and sculptor.", "Q221966": "Marusha Aphrodite Glei\u00df (born 18 November 1966 in Nuremberg), known by her stage name Marusha, is a German electronic music disc jockey, producer and television presenter who had hits in the mid-1990s including her 1994 single \"Somewhere Over the Rainbow\".\n\n", "Q69790": "Cadenazzo is a municipality in the district of Bellinzona, in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 13 March 2005 the formerly independent municipality of Robasacco was absorbed into Cadenazzo.", "Q122569": "Willy Kaiser-Heyl (4 August 1876 \u2013 2 December 1953) was a German film actor. He appeared in 92 films between 1919 and 1952. He was born in Frankfurt, Germany and died in Berlin.", "Q59653": "Argo is a 2012 American historical drama thriller film directed by Ben Affleck. Screenwriter Chris Terrio adapted the screenplay from the book by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency operative Tony Mendez, The Master of Disguise, and the \n2007 Wired article by \nJoshuah Bearman, \"The Great Escape: How the CIA Used a Fake Sci-Fi Flick to Rescue Americans from Tehran\". The latter deals with the \"Canadian Caper\", in which Mendez led the rescue of six U.S. diplomats from Tehran, Iran, under the guise of filming a science fiction film during the 1979\u20131981 Iran hostage crisis.The film, starring Affleck as Mendez, and Bryan Cranston, Alan Arkin, and John Goodman in supporting roles, was released in the United States on October 12, 2012. It was produced by Grant Heslov, Affleck and George Clooney.\nArgo was praised for the acting (particularly Arkin and Goodman's), Affleck's direction, Terrio's screenplay, the editing, and Desplat's score. The film received seven nominations at the 85th Academy Awards and won three, for Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Film Editing. The film also earned five Golden Globe Award nominations: it won Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama and Best Director, and was nominated for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture for Alan Arkin. It won Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture at the 19th Screen Actors Guild Awards, and Arkin was nominated for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role. It also won Best Film, Best Editing and Best Director at the 66th British Academy Film Awards, and 37th Hochi Film Award for Best International Picture.\nDespite its praise, Argo has been criticized for some specific inaccuracies, in particular for minimizing the role of the Canadian embassy in the rescue, for falsely showing that the Americans were turned away by the British and New Zealand embassies, and for exaggerating the danger the group faced during events preceding their escape from the country.", "Q67965": "Cerentino is a municipality in the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q163253": "The Spanish Prisoner is a 1997 American neo-noir suspense film, written and directed by David Mamet and starring Campbell Scott, Steve Martin, Rebecca Pidgeon, Ben Gazzara, Felicity Huffman and Ricky Jay. The plot entails a story of corporate espionage conducted through an elaborate confidence game.\nIn 1999 the film was nominated by the Mystery Writers of America for the Edgar Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay but lost out to Steven Soderbergh's Out of Sight.", "Q26087": "Troms\u00f8 (, also UK: ; Norwegian pronunciation: [\u02c8tr\u028a\u0302ms\u0153] (listen); Northern Sami: Romsa; Kven: Tromssa, Swedish: Troms\u00f6) is a municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Troms\u00f8.\nTroms\u00f8 lies in Northern Norway. The 2,521-square-kilometre (973 sq mi) municipality is the 21st largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Troms\u00f8 is the 12th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 76,974. The municipality's population density is 31.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (81/sq mi) and its population has increased by 14.4% over the previous 10-year period. It is the largest urban area in Northern Norway and the third largest north of the Arctic Circle anywhere in the world (following Murmansk and Norilsk). Most of Troms\u00f8, including the city centre, is located on the island of Troms\u00f8ya, 350 kilometres (217 mi) north of the Arctic Circle. In 2017, the city of Troms\u00f8 had a population of about 65,000 people spread out over Troms\u00f8ya and parts of Kval\u00f8ya and the mainland. Troms\u00f8ya is connected to the mainland by the Troms\u00f8 Bridge and the Troms\u00f8ysund Tunnel, and to the island of Kval\u00f8ya by the Sandnessund Bridge.\nThe municipality is warmer than most other places located on the same latitude, due to the warming effect of the Gulf Stream. Troms\u00f8 is even milder than places much farther south of it elsewhere in the world, such as on the Hudson Bay and in Far East Russia, with the warm-water current allowing for both relatively mild winters and tree growth in spite of its very high latitude.\nThe city centre of Troms\u00f8 contains the highest number of old wooden houses in Northern Norway, the oldest house dating from 1789. The city is a cultural centre for its region, with several festivals taking place in the summer. Torbj\u00f8rn Brundtland and Svein Berge of the electronica duo R\u00f6yksopp and Lene Marlin grew up and started their careers in Troms\u00f8. Noted electronic musician Geir Jenssen also hails from Troms\u00f8.", "Q133464": "The Moon and Other Lovers (German: Der Mond und andere Liebhaber) is a 2008 German tragicomic film written and directed by Bernd B\u00f6hlich. It was entered into the 30th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Q517725": "Andr\u00e9 Cayatte (3 February 1909, in Carcassonne \u2013 6 February 1989, in Paris) was a French filmmaker and lawyer, who became known for his films centering on themes of crime, justice, and moral responsibility.\nCayatte began his directoral career at the German-controlled Continental Films during the French occupation. Some of Cayatte's earlier films that addressed his characteristic themes include Justice est faite (Justice is Done; 1950), Nous sommes tous des assassins (We Are All Murderers; 1952), and Le passage du Rhin (Tomorrow Is My Turn; 1960).\nIn 1963, he undertook a bold experiment in film narrative with a set of two films: Jean-Marc ou La vie conjugale (Anatomy of a Marriage: My Days with Jean-Marc) and Fran\u00e7oise ou La vie conjugale (Anatomy of a Marriage: My Days with Fran\u00e7oise). These two films tell the same story from two different points of view. His 1973 film, Il n'y a pas de fum\u00e9e sans feu, won the Silver Bear Special Jury Prize at the 23rd Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q216112": "Carl Gottlieb Samuel Heun (20 March 1771 \u2013 2 August 1854), better known by his pen name Heinrich Clauren, was a German author.\n\n", "Q124118": "Hans Helwig (25 September 1881 \u2013 24 August 1952) was a German Nazi Party politician, World War I veteran, Schutzstaffel general and Nazi concentration camp commandant. An early member of the Nazi movement he fulfilled a number of roles within Nazism down the years. He was born and died in Hemsbach.", "Q507536": "Andrew Smith Hallidie (March 16, 1836 \u2013 April 24, 1900) was the promoter of the Clay Street Hill Railroad in San Francisco, USA. This was the world's first practical cable car system, and Hallidie is often therefore regarded as the inventor of the cable car and father of the present day San Francisco cable car system, although both claims are open to dispute. He also introduced the manufacture of wire rope to California, and at an early age was a prolific builder of bridges in the Californian interior.", "Q491540": "Sarasota () is a city in Sarasota County on the southwestern coast of the U.S. state of Florida. The area is renowned for its cultural and environmental amenities, beaches, resorts, and the Sarasota School of Architecture. The city is at the southern end of the Tampa Bay Area, north of Fort Myers and Punta Gorda. Its official limits include Sarasota Bay and several barrier islands between the bay and the Gulf of Mexico. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2018 Sarasota had a population of 57,738. In 1986 it became designated as a certified local government. Sarasota is a principal city of the Sarasota metropolitan area, and is the seat of Sarasota County.\nThe islands separating Sarasota Bay from the gulf near the city, known as keys, include Lido Key and Siesta Key, which are famous worldwide for the quality of their sandy beaches. The keys that are included in the boundary of Sarasota are Lido Key, St. Armands Key, Otter Key, Casey Key, Coon Key, Bird Key, and portions of Siesta Key. Previously, Siesta Key was named Sarasota Key. At one time, it and all of Longboat Key were considered part of Sarasota and confusing contemporaneous references may be found discussing them.\nLongboat Key is the largest key separating the bay from the gulf, but it was evenly divided by the new county line of 1921. The portion of the key that parallels the Sarasota city boundary that extends to that new county line along the bay front of the mainland was removed from the city boundaries at the request of John Ringling in the mid-1920s, who sought to avoid city taxation of his planned developments at the southern tip of the key. Although they never were completed in the quickly faltering economy, those development concessions granted by the city never were reversed and the county has retained regulation of those lands.\nThe city limits had expanded significantly with the real estate rush of the early twentieth century, reaching almost 70 square miles (180 km2). The wild speculation boom began to crash in 1926 and following that, the city limits began to contract, shrinking to less than a quarter of that area.", "Q604939": "Antonio Salviati (18 March 1816 \u2013 25 January 1890) was an Italian glass manufacturer and founder of the Salviati family firm.", "Q138531": "Phlegon of Tralles (Ancient Greek: \u03a6\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2) was a Greek writer and freedman of the emperor Hadrian, who lived in the 2nd century AD.", "Q44164": "Adam Joseph Copeland (born October 30, 1973) is a Canadian professional wrestler and actor. He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the Raw brand under the ring name Edge.\nCopeland was trained by professional wrestlers Sweet Daddy Siki and Ron Hutchison. Throughout the 1990s, he wrestled in various United States independent promotions. During his time in these promotions, he competed in singles and tag team competition, the latter with longtime best friend Jason Reso. In 1997, Copeland signed a developmental deal with the WWF and was rebranded as the storyline brother of Christian, Reso's WWF persona. He made his televised debut the following June under the ring name Edge. In July 1999, he won the WWF Intercontinental Championship at a house show in Toronto, marking his first title reign with the company. Edge and Christian, billed as brothers and later childhood friends in WWF/WWE storylines, went on to win the WWF Tag Team Championship on seven different occasions. During this time, they gained notoriety in the tag team division, partly due to their participation in Tables, Ladders, and Chairs matches. He retired in April 2011 due to several neck injuries, but returned to competition in the 2020 Royal Rumble match after a nine-year retirement.\nIn WWE Edge has won the World Heavyweight Championship a record seven times, the WWE Championship four times, the Intercontinental Championship five times, the United States Championship once, the WWF/World Tag Team Championship a record twelve times, and the WWE Tag Team Championship twice. He is WWE's 14th Triple Crown Champion and 7th Grand Slam Champion. He also won the King of the Ring tournament in 2001, was the first Money in the Bank ladder match winner in 2005, and won the Royal Rumble match in 2010, making him the first wrestler in history to achieve all three of those accomplishments. He headlined multiple pay-per-view events for WWE (including WrestleMania XXIV) and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Christian in 2012. His wife Beth Phoenix joined the Hall of Fame in 2017, making them the first real-life couple to be inducted. Copeland is also one of WWE's longest tenured employees, being with the company since 1996.\nAside from professional wrestling, Copeland appeared in the fantasy film Highlander: Endgame and WWE Studios' Bending the Rules. He has made guest appearances on television shows such as Weakest Link, Mind of Mencia, Deal or No Deal, MADtv and The Flash. He appeared on the Syfy series Haven as recurring character Dwight Hendrickson, and as recurring character, Ketill Flatnose, in the fifth season of Vikings.", "Q621549": "Inglewood is a city in southwestern Los Angeles County, California, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 109,673. It was incorporated on February 14, 1908. The city is in the South Bay region of Los Angeles County. The city will be the home to SoFi Stadium which is currently under construction and when completed in July 2020, it will be the new home of both the National Football League's Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers.", "Q862733": "Warren is a city in and the county seat of Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The municipality is located in northeastern Ohio, approximately 14 miles (23 km) northwest of Youngstown and 56 miles (90 km) southeast of Cleveland.\nThe population was 41,558 at the 2010 census. Warren is part of the Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Q116814": "Pere Navarro i Morera (born 23 December 1959) is a Spanish politician and member of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia, formerly First Secretary of the PSC between 2011 and 2014.", "Q287179": "Ceiling Zero is a 1936 American adventure drama film directed by Howard Hawks and starring James Cagney and Pat O'Brien. The picture stars Cagney as daredevil womanizing pilot \"Dizzy\" Davis and O'Brien as Jake Lee, his war veteran buddy and the operations manager of an airline company. Based on a stage play of the same name, the film blends drama with some light comedy. The title, as defined at the beginning of the picture, is an insider term referring to those moments when the sky is so thick with fog that navigating an aircraft is nearly impossible.", "Q359177": "Elon Gold (born September 14, 1970) is an American comedian, television actor, writer and producer.", "Q42515": "Cartography (; from Greek \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 chart\u0113s, \"papyrus, sheet of paper, map\"; and \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd graphein, \"write\") is the study and practice of making maps. Combining science, aesthetics, and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively.\nThe fundamental uses of traditional cartography are to:\n\nSet the map's agenda and select traits of the object to be mapped. This is the concern of map editing. Traits may be physical, such as roads or land masses, or may be abstract, such as toponyms or political boundaries.\nRepresent the terrain of the mapped object on flat media. This is the concern of map projections.\nEliminate characteristics of the mapped object that are not relevant to the map's purpose. This is the concern of generalization.\nReduce the complexity of the characteristics that will be mapped. This is also the concern of generalization.\nOrchestrate the elements of the map to best convey its message to its audience. This is the concern of map design.Modern cartography constitutes many theoretical and practical foundations of geographic information systems.", "Q797837": "William Lee Enyart, Jr. (; born September 22, 1949) was the U.S. Representative for Illinois's 12th congressional district. A member of the Democratic Party, Enyart was elected on November 6, 2012 and assumed office on January 3, 2013. Enyart is a former attorney and Adjutant General of Illinois.\nEnyart ran for re-election to Congress in 2014. He faced Republican Mike Bost in the general election. Enyart was viewed as one of the most vulnerable freshman Democrats. Enyart lost to Bost on November 4, 2014.\n\n", "Q1736556": "Kathleen Ann Kelly (born 6 March 1963) is a singer, songwriter, and producer. Born in Leominster, Massachusetts, United States, she is the third child of the musical family group The Kelly Family, a multi-generational pop group that achieved success in Europe in the 1990s.\nIn 1999, Kathy released her first solo album titled The Best Of Kathy Kelly which, in addition to her best songs from the albums of The Kelly Family (see The Kelly Family discography), contained five new songs. While still recording and touring with the group throughout the 2000s, Kathy worked on her solo projects, which resulted in three more LPs up to date and a number of singles. Some of the songs included were new versions of the traditional songs from all over the world previously sung by the group from as early as the 1970s; notably \"Amazing Grace\", \"Motherless child\", \"Old Black Joe\", \"The Rose of Tralee\".", "Q18123741": "An infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce. An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable disease, is an illness resulting from an infection.\nInfections are caused by infectious agents (pathogens) including:\n\nViruses and related agents such as viroids and prions\nBacteria\nFungi, further subclassified into:\nAscomycota, including yeasts such as Candida, filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus, Pneumocystis species, and dermatophytes, a group of organisms causing infection of skin and other superficial structures in humans.\nBasidiomycota, including the human-pathogenic genus Cryptococcus.\nParasites, which are usually divided into:Unicellular organisms (e.g. malaria, Toxoplasma, Babesia)\nMacroparasites (worms or helminths) including nematodes such as parasitic roundworms and pinworms, tapeworms (cestodes), and flukes (trematodes, such as schistosomiasis)\nArthropods such as ticks, mites, fleas, and lice, can also cause human disease, which conceptually are similar to infections, but invasion of a human or animal body by these macroparasites is usually termed infestation. (Diseases caused by helminths, which are also macroparasites, are sometimes termed infestations as well, but are sometimes called infections.)Hosts can fight infections using their immune system. Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation, followed by an adaptive response.Specific medications used to treat infections include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antihelminthics. Infectious diseases resulted in 9.2 million deaths in 2013 (about 17% of all deaths). The branch of medicine that focuses on infections is referred to as infectious disease.", "Q235913": "Leonor Varela Palma (Spanish pronunciation: [leo\u02c8no\u027e \u03b2a\u02c8\u027eela]; born December 29, 1972) is a Chilean actress and model. She played the title role in the 1999 television film Cleopatra, and vampire princess Nyssa Damaskinos in the 2002 film Blade II.\n\n", "Q121060": "Matthew Gregory Lewis (9 July 1775 \u2013 14 or 16 May 1818) was an English novelist and dramatist, whose writings are often classified as \"Gothic horror\". He was frequently referred to as \"Monk\" Lewis, because of the success of his 1796 Gothic novel The Monk. He also worked as a diplomat, politician and an estate owner in Jamaica.", "Q89102": "Karl Freiherr von Macchio (23 February 1859 \u2013 1 April 1945), was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat active before and during World War I.", "Q724343": "Vladislav Felitsianovich Khodasevich (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432 \u0424\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447; May 16, 1886 \u2013 June 14, 1939) was an influential Russian poet and literary critic who presided over the Berlin circle of Russian emigre litterateurs.", "Q683856": "Becoming the Archetype is an American Christian metal band formed in Atlanta, Georgia in 1999. They have released five albums on Solid State Records. Dichotomy, which was released in November 2008, sold around 2,300 copies in the United States in its first week of release, according to Nielsen Soundscan. The CD debuted at No. 18 on the Top New Artist Albums (Heatseekers) chart, which lists the best-selling albums by new and developing artists, defined as those who have never appeared in the top 100 of the Billboard 200. The band is part of the New Wave of American Heavy Metal.As of late 2011, the last remaining original (of The Remnant and Nonexistent Failure, as Seth Hecox is an original member of Becoming the Archetype), founding members of the band, bassist/lead vocalist Jason Wisdom guitarist Sean Cunningham and Jon Star, and drummer Brent Duckett have left.", "Q299421": "Eric Dane (born Eric T. Melvin, November 9, 1972) is an American actor. After appearing in television roles throughout the 2000s with his recurring role as Jason Dean in Charmed being the best known, he became famous for playing Dr. Mark Sloan on the medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, as well as films, co-starring in Marley & Me (2008), Valentine's Day (2010), and Burlesque (2010). He starred as Captain Tom Chandler in the post-apocalyptic drama The Last Ship. He currently stars as Cal Jacobs in the HBO series, Euphoria.", "Q349402": "Adam Freytag (1608\u20131650) was a Polish engineer.", "Q89664": "Albert Friedrich Benno Dulk (1819 - 1884) was a German author.\n\n", "Q367927": "John Davis Lodge (October 20, 1903 \u2013 October 29, 1985) was an American lawyer, actor, politician, and diplomat. He was the 79th Governor of Connecticut from 1951 to 1955, and later served as U.S. Ambassador to Spain, Argentina, and Switzerland. As an actor, he was often credited simply as John Lodge. He had roles in four Hollywood films between 1933 and 1935, including playing Marlene Dietrich's lover in The Scarlet Empress and Shirley Temple's father in The Little Colonel. He starred or co-starred in many British and European films between 1935 and 1940.\nLodge was a member of four prominent political families in the Northeast U.S.: the Cabot, Lodge, Frelinghuysen and Davis families. He was a direct descendant of at least seven U.S. senators, and had many other politicians in his family, including his brother, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Jr..\n\n", "Q286501": "Karl Johan Schuster (Swedish: [\u02c8j\u00fb\u02d0an \u02c8\u0267\u028f\u030cs\u02d0t\u025br]; born 1 February 1985), known professionally as Shellback, is a Swedish songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist. Shellback was listed as the No. 1 producer of 2012 on Billboard magazine's year end chart, and he also topped the list of their \"Top 10 Songwriters Airplay Chart\" the same year; he has won four Grammy Awards.\nHe regularly collaborates with songwriter Max Martin, and together they have produced, written, or co-written songs for P!nk, Taylor Swift, Adam Lambert, Britney Spears, Usher, Avril Lavigne, Ariana Grande, Adele, and Maroon 5. Shellback has also collaborated with fellow producer Benny Blanco and has produced songs by himself, including \"Want U Back\" by Cher Lloyd and \"Animals\" by Maroon 5.", "Q214063": "Ludwig Heinrich Christian Geyer (21 January 1779 \u2013 30 September 1821) was a German actor, playwright, and painter.\n\n", "Q161322": "Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp (23 October 1636 \u2013 24 November 1715) was Queen of Sweden from 1654 until 1660, as the consort of King Charles X Gustav, and the mother of Charles XI. She served as regent during the minority of her son from 1660 until 1672, and during the minority of her grandson Charles XII in 1697. She also represented Charles XII during his absence in the Great Northern War from 1700 until the regency of her granddaughter Ulrika Eleonora in 1713. Hedwig Eleonora was described as a dominant personality, and was regarded as the de facto first lady of the royal court for 61 years, from 1654 until her death.", "Q862055": "William Edward Daily (August 30, 1927 \u2013 September 4, 2018) was an American actor and comedian known for his sitcom work as Roger Healey on I Dream of Jeannie and Howard Borden on The Bob Newhart Show.", "Q887967": "Sames or Samos II Theosebes Dikaios (Greek: \u03a3\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u0394\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 died 109 BC) was the second king of Commagene. Of Iranian descent, he was the son and successor of Ptolemaeus of Commagene.\nSames reigned as king between 130\u2013109 BC. During his reign, Sames ordered the construction of the fortress at Samosata which is now submerged by water from the Atat\u00fcrk Dam. Sames died in 109 BC. His wife was Pythodoris, daughter of the Kings of Pontus, and his son and successor was Mithridates I Callinicus.", "Q253328": "Evelyn Louise Keyes (November 20, 1916 \u2013 July 4, 2008) was an American film actress. She is best known for her role as Suellen O'Hara in the 1939 film Gone with the Wind.", "Q384464": "Hattiesburg is a city in the U.S. state of Mississippi, primarily in Forrest County (where it is the county seat) and extending west into Lamar County. The city population was 45,989 at the 2010 census, with an estimated population of 45,951 in 2018.\nIt is the principal city of the Hattiesburg, Mississippi, Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses Forrest, Lamar and Perry counties.\nDevelopment of the interior of Mississippi by European Americans took place primarily after the American Civil War. Before that time, only properties along the major rivers were developed as plantations. Founded in 1882 by civil engineer William H. Hardy, Hattiesburg was named in honor of Hardy's wife Hattie. The town was incorporated two years later with a population of 400. Hattiesburg's population first expanded as a center of the lumber and railroad industries, from which was derived the nickname \"The Hub City\". It now attracts newcomers because of the diversity of its economy, strong neighborhoods, and the central location in South Mississippi.\nHattiesburg is home to The University of Southern Mississippi (founded as Mississippi Normal College, for the training of teachers) and William Carey University (formerly William Carey College). South of Hattiesburg is Camp Shelby, the largest US National Guard training base east of the Mississippi River.", "Q118187": "Karl Scheurer (27 September 1872 in Sumiswald \u2013 14 November 1929) was a Swiss politician.\n\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 11 December 1919 and died in office on 14 November 1929. He was affiliated with the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland. \nDuring his time in office he held the Military Department (department of defence) and was President of the Confederation in 1923.", "Q4476714": "Ural State Law University, (former Ural State Law Academy, Ural State Academy of Law, Uralskaja Gosudarstvennaja Juridicheskaja Akademija) (Russian: \u0423\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, Ural'skiy gosudarstvennyy yuridicheskiy universitet, often shortened to USLU, \u0423\u0440\u0413\u042e\u0423') is a public, research university which includes law schools, colleges, faculties and other public graduate and undergraduate educational institutions. USLU's main campus is situated in the Yekaterinburg, Russia. Founded in 1931, USLU is one of the largest law schools in the Russian Federation.\nUSLU is organized into 15 schools, colleges, and institutes, located in centers and campuses throughout Yekaterinburg, Ufa and Chelyabinsk. USLU operates international scientific relations facilities in London, Helsinki, Astana, Berlin, Kiev, and Minsk.\nThe university is commonly regarded as one of Russia's most prestigious university and has high entry requirements for its prospective students. National Universities rankings ranked the academy in 5 place of the best Law schools in the Russian Federation. \nThe Federal Agency for Scientific Research in information and telecommunication technologies of The Russian Federation ranked USLU in the 2nd position for the best law schools in Russia in 2008.\n In 2004, USLA was awarded by Gold Medal in \"One hundred best universities in Russia\".", "Q120418": "Dagmar Manzel (born 1 September 1958) is a German actress. She has appeared in more than 80 films and television shows since 1979. She starred in the 1986 film So Many Dreams, which was entered into the 37th Berlin International Film Festival.The daughter of teachers Paul and Annemarie, Manzel grew up in East Berlin. After high school she studied acting in Berlin. She graduated in 1980 and debuted at the Staatstheater Dresden. In 1983 she moved to the Deutsches Theater in Berlin, which became her artistic home. She was a resident actor there until 2001, working with directors such as Thomas Langhoff, Heiner M\u00fcller, and Thomas Schulte-Michels.\nIn addition to her acting work, she also appeared in several musical theater productions. In 2002, she had the title role in Thomas Schulte-Michels staging of Jacques Offenbach's operetta La Grande-Duchesse de G\u00e9rolstein at the Deutsches Theater Berlin and also played the lead role in his production of Offenbach's operetta La P\u00e9richole 2008 at the Berliner Ensemble.\nIn autumn 2004, Manzel played at the Komische Oper Berlin, the female lead in the much-vaunted German premiere of Stephen Sondheim's musical Sweeney Todd, directed by Christopher Bond.\nIn 2012, Manzel was awarded the German Film Prize for her supporting role in Christian Schwochow's drama \"The Invisible\". That same year, she was on the stage of the Komische Oper Berlin with Seven Songs/The Seven Deadly Sins.", "Q13982": "Alberto Bayo y Giroud (March 27, 1892 in Camag\u00fcey \u2013 August 4, 1967 in Havana) was a Cuban military leader of the defeated left-wing Loyalists in the Spanish Civil War. He was also a poet and essayist.\nHe was born in Cuba and studied in the United States and Spain. Bayo's most significant action during the Spanish Civil War was his invasion and retreat from the islands of Ibiza and Majorca.\nAfter that war was lost, Bayo had a furniture factory in Mexico, and is said to have been an instructor at the Military Academy of Guadalajara. Bayo had contact in Mexico with prominent Latin American revolutionaries, and was associate/mentor of some, including Ernesto Che Guevara and Fidel Castro. While it is not known if he continued direct contact with Soviet Union agents such as \"Comandante Carlos Contreras\" Vittorio Vidali after the war was lost in Spain, both were present in Mexico for throughout the same period.\nAlberto Bayo died a General of the Cuban Armed Forces.", "Q491226": "Anders Olofsson (31 March 1952 \u2013 22 January 2008) was a Swedish racing driver.", "Q172438": "Peterborough ( (listen)) is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England, with a population of 202,110 in 2017. Historically part of Northamptonshire, it is 76 miles (122 km) north of London, on the River Nene which flows into the North Sea 30 miles (48 km) to the north-east. The railway station is an important stop on the East Coast Main Line between London and Edinburgh. The city is also 70 miles (110 km) east of Birmingham, 38 miles (61 km) east of Leicester, 81 miles (130 km) south of Kingston upon Hull and 65 miles (105 km) west of Norwich.\nThe local topography is flat, and in some places the land lies below sea level, for example in parts of the Fens to the east of Peterborough. Human settlement in the area began before the Bronze Age, as can be seen at the Flag Fen archaeological site to the east of the current city centre, also with evidence of Roman occupation. The Anglo-Saxon period saw the establishment of a monastery, Medeshamstede, which later became Peterborough Cathedral.\nThe population grew rapidly after the railways arrived in the 19th century, and Peterborough became an industrial centre, particularly known for its brick manufacture. After the Second World War, growth was limited until designation as a New Town in the 1960s. Housing and population are expanding and a \u00a31 billion regeneration of the city centre and immediately surrounding area is under way. Industrial employment has fallen since then, a significant proportion of new jobs being in financial services and distribution.", "Q57118": "Diane Kruger (n\u00e9e Heidkr\u00fcger; German pronunciation: [di\u02c8a:n\u0259 \u02c8kru:\u0261\u0250]; born 15 July 1976) is a German-born actress and former fashion model. She has played Helen in the epic war film Troy (2004), Dr. Abigail Chase in the heist film National Treasure (2004) and its sequel (2007), Bridget von Hammersmark in Quentin Tarantino's war film Inglourious Basterds (2009), and Gina in the psychological thriller film Unknown (2011). She also starred as Detective Sonya Cross in the FX crime drama series The Bridge (2013\u201314). In 2017, she made her German-language debut in Fatih Akin's In the Fade, for which she won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress and Satellite Award for Best Actress.", "Q945398": "Tuomo Lassila (born 1965) is a Finnish musician best known as the former drummer, founder member and co-songwriter of the power metal band Stratovarius and currently the drummer and percussionist for the Finnish metal band Conquest.", "Q4473": "Jennette Michelle Faye McCurdy (born June 26, 1992) is an American actress, YouTuber, singer, director, and writer. She is known for playing Sam Puckett on the Nickelodeon sitcom iCarly and its spin-off series Sam & Cat. McCurdy has also appeared in a number of television series, including Victorious, Zoey 101, True Jackson VP, Malcolm in the Middle, and Lincoln Heights, and has also produced, written, and starred in her own online series titled What's Next for Sarah? From May 2015 to August 2016, she starred in the Netflix/Citytv drama series Between as Wiley Day.", "Q362687": "Stephen Antonio Cardenas (born May 29, 1974) is an American martial artist, musician, and semi retired actor. Cardenas is best known for playing the character Rocky DeSantos, which was the second Red Power Ranger in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers and eventually became the Blue Zeo Ranger in Power Rangers Zeo, two seasons later.", "Q154399": "Kazimierz Krukowski (born 2 February 1901 in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a \u2014 died 24 December 1984 in Warsaw), professionally known as Lopek. was a Polish cabaret performer and writer, revue and film actor.\n\n", "Q389140": "Alvise Cornaro, often Italianised Luigi (1467 or 1464 \u2013 8 May 1566), was a Venetian nobleman and patron of arts, also remembered for his four books of Discorsi (published 1583\u201395) about the secrets to living long and well with measure and sobriety.", "Q2543353": "Jono Bacon (full name Jonathan Edward James Bacon) is a writer and software engineer, originally from the United Kingdom, but now based in California. He works as a consultant on community strategy.", "Q256250": "This is a list of Harry Potter cast members who voiced or portrayed characters appearing in the film series. The list below is sorted by film and the character's surname, as some characters have been portrayed by multiple actors.", "Q672111": "Gustave Z\u00e9d\u00e9 was a French naval engineer and pioneering designer of submarines.", "Q210205": "Pest (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8p\u025b\u0283t]) is the eastern, mostly flat part of Budapest, Hungary, comprising about two thirds of the city's territory. It is separated from Buda and \u00d3buda, the western parts of Budapest, by the Danube River. Among its most notable sights are the Inner City, the Hungarian Parliament Building, Heroes' Square and Andr\u00e1ssy Avenue. In colloquial Hungarian, \"Pest\" is often used for the whole capital of Budapest. The three parts of Budapest (Pest, Buda, \u00d3buda) united in 1873.", "Q729115": "Athanasios \"Thanos\" Mikroutsikos (Greek: \u0391\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (\u0398\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2) \u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2; 13 April 1947 \u2013 28 December 2019) was a Greek composer and politician. He was considered one of the most important composers of the recent Greek musical scene.", "Q1086970": "Christopher Neville Charles Small (17 March 1927 \u2013 7 September 2011) was a New Zealand-born musician, educator, lecturer, and author of a number of influential books and articles in the fields of musicology, sociomusicology and ethnomusicology. He coined the term musicking, with which he wanted to highlight that music is a process (verb) and not an object (noun.)", "Q861548": "Florida State University (Florida State or FSU) is a public space-grant and sea-grant research university in Tallahassee, Florida. It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida. Founded in 1851, it is located on the oldest continuous site of higher education in the state of Florida.The university is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity\". The university comprises 16 separate colleges and more than 110 centers, facilities, labs and institutes that offer more than 360 programs of study, including professional school programs. The university has an annual budget of over $1.7 billion and an annual economic impact of over $10 billion. Florida State is home to Florida's only national laboratory, the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, and is the birthplace of the commercially viable anti-cancer drug Taxol. Florida State University also operates the John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art, the State Art Museum of Florida and one of the largest museum/university complexes in the nation. The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).\nFor 2020, U.S. News & World Report ranked Florida State as the 18th best public university in the United States in the national university category.FSU's intercollegiate sports teams, commonly known by their \"Florida State Seminoles\" nickname, compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). In their 113-year history, Florida State's varsity sports teams have won 20 national athletic championships and Seminole athletes have won 78 individual NCAA national championships.\n\n", "Q40470": "Isaiah Amir Mustafa (born February 11, 1974) is an American actor and former American football wide receiver. Mustafa is widely known as the main character in the series of Old Spice television commercials, The Man Your Man Could Smell Like. He is also known for portraying Luke Garroway on Freeform's fantasy series Shadowhunters and adult Mike Hanlon in It Chapter Two.", "Q1702181": "John Overton \"Bearcat\" Williams (April 13, 1905 \u2013 November 24, 1996) was an American jazz reedist.\nWilliams was born in Memphis, Tennessee, but moved to Kansas City in his youth and learned to play saxophone there as a teenager, playing in a local dance band and touring with the vaudeville revue, Hits 'n Bits, in the first half of the 1920s. While with this show he met pianist Mary Elfrieda Scruggs, who became both a personal and professional companion; the pair married in 1926 and Mary Lou played piano in Williams' Synco Jazzers band on their 1927 tour and recording session. He then played with Terrence Holder's band, which Andy Kirk took over soon after; Williams played with Kirk for nearly a decade alongside his wife.\nIn 1939 he left Kirk's group, and divorced Williams the following year. He went into the restaurant industry in the 1940s, but still played on the side with Cootie Williams and for several years with Earl Hines on baritone sax. His last performances were in the late 1940s, after which he worked in hospitality and in a factory. He died in Columbus, Ohio, aged 91.", "Q547660": "Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange (born 11 November 1948) is a South African record producer and songwriter. He is known for his work in the studio and innovations in multitrack recording and producing many of rock's most famous albums. He has produced albums for, or otherwise worked with, artists such as AC/DC, Def Leppard, The Boomtown Rats, Foreigner, Michael Bolton, The Cars, Bryan Adams, Huey Lewis and the News, Billy Ocean, Celine Dion, Britney Spears, The Corrs, Maroon 5, Lady Gaga, Nickelback, and Muse. He also wrote and produced songs with his then-wife, Canadian singer Shania Twain. Her 1997 album Come On Over, which he produced, is the best-selling country music album, the best-selling studio album by a female act, the best-selling album of the 1990s, and the 9th best-selling album in the United States.", "Q95259": "Karl Heinrich Ritter von Lang (7 June 1764 \u2013 26 March 1835) was a German historian and statesman.", "Q758934": "Alestorm is a multi-national heavy metal band originally from Perth, Scotland. Their music is characterised by a pirate theme, and as a result they have been dubbed a \"pirate metal\" band by many critics and their fanbase.After signing to Napalm Records in 2007, their debut album Captain Morgan's Revenge, was released on 25 January 2008. Black Sails at Midnight, the band's second album, was released on 27 May 2009. The band's third album, Back Through Time, was released on 3 June 2011. The fourth album from the band, Sunset on the Golden Age, was released in August 2014. Their fifth and latest album No Grave But the Sea was released on 26 May 2017. Their upcoming sixth album, Curse of the Crystal Coconut, will be released on 29 May 2020.", "Q92536": "Dieter Sp\u00f6ri (born 15 May 1943 in Stuttgart) is a German politician affiliated with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He has been the President of the European Movement Germany since 2006, and was Deputy Prime Minister and minister of Economic Affairs of the State of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg from 1992 to 1996.", "Q727138": "Chris Garneau (born November 5, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. Since releasing his debut album, Music for Tourists, Garneau has toured throughout the United States, Canada, Brazil, Europe, and Asia.\nGarneau cites Jeff Buckley, Nina Simone, Nico, and Chan Marshall as influences. He currently resides in Los Angeles, California. His second full-length album, titled El Radio was released July 7, 2009, and his third full-length album, Winter Games, was released in 2013. His fourth studio album, Yours, was released in December 2018.", "Q634150": "Charles Lane (born Charles Gerstle Levison; January 26, 1905 \u2013 July 9, 2007) was an American character actor and centenarian whose career spanned 72 years. Lane gave his last performance at the age of 95 as a narrator in 2000. Lane appeared in many Frank Capra films, including Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), You Can't Take It With You (1938), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), Arsenic and Old Lace (1944), It's a Wonderful Life (1946) and Riding High (1950). He was a favored supporting actor of Lucille Ball, who often used him as a no-nonsense authority figure and comedic foe of her scatterbrained TV character on her TV series I Love Lucy, The Lucy\u2013Desi Comedy Hour and The Lucy Show. His first film of more than 250 was as a hotel clerk in Smart Money (1931) starring Edward G. Robinson and James Cagney.", "Q86543": "Hans Jaray (1906\u20131990) was an Austrian actor and playwright. He also wrote and directed several television films. Jaray starred as a leading man in a number of 1930s films, such as the Schubert biopic Gently My Songs Entreat (1933). Jaray emigrated to the United States following the Anchluss of 1938, but returned to Vienna after the Second World War.\nThe 1934 Czech film Man in Demand on All Sides was based on one of his plays.", "Q431084": "Sir Trevor David Brooking, (born 2 October 1948) is a former England international footballer, manager, pundit and football administrator; he now works as director of football development in England.\nHe played most of his career for West Ham United making 647 appearances for the club. He won the 1975 FA Cup and the 1980 FA Cup in which he scored the only goal. He was also the club's player of the season on four occasions and caretaker manager on two occasions in 2003. Brooking played 47 times for England, scoring five times. He was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1981, elevated to Commander of same order (CBE) in 1999, and knighted in 2004. In 2009 a stand at Upton Park was named after him. Since retiring from playing, he has taken up a number of positions in broadcasting as an on-air analyst and in football and sports administration.\n\n", "Q42267": "The Spain national football team (Spanish: Selecci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola de F\u00fatbol) has represented Spain in international men's football competition since 1920. It is governed by the Royal Spanish Football Federation, the governing body for football in Spain.\nSpain are one of the eight national teams to have been crowned worldwide champions, having participated in a total of 15 of 21 FIFA World Cups and qualifying consistently since 1978. Spain has also won three continental titles, having appeared at 10 of 15 UEFA European Championships.\nSpain became the first European team to win a FIFA World Cup outside of Europe, having won the 2010 tournament in South Africa, as well as having won back-to-back European titles in Euro 2008 and Euro 2012, defeating Germany and Italy in the respective finals, making them the only national team with three consecutive major titles. Because of this, from 2008 to 2013, the national team won the FIFA Team of the Year, the second-most of any nation, behind only Brazil. Also between February 2007 and June 2009, Spain went undefeated for a record-equalling 35 consecutive matches, a record shared with Brazil. Their achievements have led many experts and commentators to consider the 2008\u20132012 Spanish squads, among the best ever international sides in world football.", "Q99463": "Johannes Stelling (12 May 1877 - 21/22 June 1933) was a German political activist who became a leading SPD politician during the Weimar years. He served between 1921 and 1924 as First Minister (Ministerpr\u00e4sident) of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.Johannes Stelling was murdered by Nazi quasi-militaries on 21/22 June 1933.", "Q43179": "Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (born 29 October 1938) is a Liberian politician who served as the 24th President of Liberia from 2006 to 2018. Sirleaf was the first elected female head of state in Africa.\nEllen Eugenia Johnson was born in Monrovia to a Gola father and Kru-German mother. She was educated at the College of West Africa. She completed her education in the United States, where she studied at Madison Business College and Harvard University. She returned to Liberia to work in William Tolbert's government as Deputy Minister of Finance from 1971 to 1974. Later she worked again in the West, for the World Bank in the Caribbean and Latin America. In 1979, she received a cabinet appointment as Minister of Finance, serving to 1980. \nAfter Samuel Doe seized power that year in a coup d'\u00e9tat and executed Tolbert, Sirleaf fled to the United States. She worked for Citibank and then the Equator Bank. She returned to Liberia to contest a senatorial seat for Montserrado County in 1985, an election that was disputed. \nSirleaf continued to be involved in politics. She finished in second place at the 1997 presidential election, which was won by Charles Taylor. \nShe won the 2005 presidential election and took office on 16 January 2006. She was re-elected in 2011. She was the first woman in Africa elected as president of her country. She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011, in recognition of her efforts to bring women into the peacekeeping process. She has received numerous other awards for her leadership.\nIn June 2016, Sirleaf was elected as the Chair of the Economic Community of West African States, making her the first woman to hold the position since it was created.", "Q108380": "Adolf von Bomhard (6 January 1891 in Augsburg \u2013 19 July 1976) was an SS-Gruppenf\u00fchrer and Generalleutnant of the Ordnungspolizei (Orpo; order police) in Nazi Germany. In the post-war era he was B\u00fcrgermeister of Prien am Chiemsee.\nDuring the First World War, Bomhard saw service as an officer in the Bavarian Army, eventually finishing the war as adjutant to Franz Ritter von Epp. Bomhard would later write and publish the history of his regiment.Bomhard was sent to Kiev in November 1942 to succeed Otto von Oelhafen as head of police in Reichskommissariat Ukraine. Bomhard followed the same path as his predecessor of integrating police operations with the activities of the SS in the area. Retaining that position until October 1943, Bomhard took an important role in ideological instruction of the Ukrainian police in the Nazi Weltanschauung.After the Second World War ended, Bomhard served between 1960 and 1966 as mayor of Prien am Chiemsee and received honorary citizenship there in 1971 which was posthumously renounced by the city council in 2013. He was also involved in societies for former members of the police.", "Q65800": "Affeltrangen is a municipality in the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q215369": "Stephen Patrick David Gately (17 March 1976 \u2013 10 October 2009) was an Irish pop singer-songwriter, actor, children's writer, and dancer, who, with Ronan Keating, was co-lead singer of the pop group Boyzone. All of Boyzone's studio albums during Gately's lifetime hit number one in the United Kingdom, their third being their most successful internationally. With Boyzone, Gately had a record-breaking sixteen consecutive singles enter the top five of the UK Singles Chart. He performed for millions of fans globally. He released a solo album in 2000, after the group's initial break-up, which charted in the UK top ten and yielded three UK hit singles, including the top three hit \"New Beginning\". Gately went on to appear variously in stage productions and on television programmes as well as contributing songs to various projects. In 2008, he rejoined his colleagues as Boyzone reformed for a series of concerts and recordings.\nGately made his sexuality known in 1999 and came out in a blaze of publicity. He wed Andrew Cowles, first in a commitment ceremony in Las Vegas in 2003 and more formally in a civil partnership ceremony in London in 2006. Upon Boyzone's reformation, Gately featured as part of the first gay couple in a boyband music video for \"Better\", in what was to be his last with the band. Gately died of a congenital heart defect on 10 October 2009, in a flat that he and Cowles owned in Mallorca, Spain. Brian Boyd in The Irish Times stated: \"Stephen Gately's death represents the first time that the boyband genre has had to deal with such a tragic situation\". Tim Teeman of The Times (UK) heralded Gately as a hero of gay rights for his response to being \"smoked out of the closet\".", "Q1282562": "Mark James Patrick Kermode (n\u00e9 Fairey; born 2 July 1963) is an English film critic and musician. He is the chief film critic for The Observer, contributes to the magazine Sight & Sound, presents the BBC Four documentary series Mark Kermode's Secrets of Cinema, co-presents the BBC Radio 5 Live show Kermode and Mayo's Film Review, and previously co-presented the BBC Two arts programme The Culture Show. Kermode is a member of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Kermode is a founding member of the skiffle band the Dodge Brothers, for which he plays double bass.\nIn January 2019, it was announced that Kermode would be presenting a movie soundtrack themed show on Bauer Media Group's new classical radio station, Scala Radio.\n\n", "Q319221": "Adventure films are a genre of film that typically use their action scenes to display and explore exotic locations in an energetic way.", "Q17057645": "Sverre Ditlev-Simonsen (21 May 1900 \u2013 1 February 2004) was a Norwegian ship owner.\nHe was born in Oslo to Olaf Ditlev-Simonsen and Magdalena Pedersen, and married Lily Kaurin in 1907. They had the son Per Ditlev-Simonsen.Since 1929 he was running his own shipping business. He was active in organizational work, and assumed various positions in the Norwegian Shipowners' Association for more than twenty years. He was a board member of the Norwegian Maritime Museum from 1955, and chairman from 1964. He was decorated Commander of the Swedish Order of Vasa.Ditlev-Simonsen was an active bandy player, a three times Norwegian champion.", "Q166459": "Perceval Landon (1869\u20131927) was an English writer, traveller and journalist, now best remembered for his classic and much reprinted ghost story \"Thurnley Abbey\".", "Q542718": "August Uno Lamm (May 22, 1904 \u2013 June 1, 1989) was a Swedish electrical engineer and inventor. He was sometimes called \"The Father of High Voltage Direct Current\" power transmission. During his career Lamm obtained 150 patents and wrote about 80 technical papers. In 1980 the IEEE developed the Uno Lamm award for contributions to the field of high voltage electrical engineering.", "Q44616": "Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp (March 19, 1848 \u2013 January 13, 1929) was an Old West lawman and gambler in Cochise County, Arizona Territory, and a deputy marshal in Tombstone. He worked in a wide variety of trades throughout his life and took part in the famous gunfight at the O.K. Corral, during which lawmen killed three outlaw Cochise County Cowboys. He's often erroneously regarded as the central figure in the shootout, although his brother Virgil was the Tombstone City and Deputy U.S. Marshal that day, and had far more experience in combat as a sheriff, constable, marshal, and soldier.Earp had many other interests besides being a professional gambler, teamster, and buffalo hunter. As an entrepreneur he owned several saloons, maintained a brothel, mined for silver and gold, and refereed boxing matches. He spent his early life in Pella, Iowa. In 1870, he married Urilla Sutherland, who contracted typhoid fever and died in childbirth. During the next two years, Earp was arrested for stealing a horse, escaped from jail, and was sued twice. He was arrested and fined three times in 1872 for \"keeping and being found in a house of ill-fame\". His third arrest was described at length in the Daily Transcript, which referred to him as an \"old offender\" and nicknamed him the \"Peoria Bummer,\" another name for loafer or vagrant.\nBy 1874, he arrived in the boomtown of Wichita, Kansas, where his reputed wife opened a brothel. On April 21, 1875, he was appointed to the Wichita police force and developed a solid reputation as a lawman, but he was fined and dismissed from the force after getting into a fistfight with a political opponent of his boss. Earp immediately left Wichita, following his brother James to Dodge City, Kansas, where he became an assistant city marshal. In the winter of 1878, he went to Texas to track down an outlaw, and he met John \"Doc\" Holliday, whom Earp credited with saving his life.\nEarp moved constantly throughout his life from one boomtown to another. He left Dodge City in 1879 and moved with brothers James and Virgil to Tombstone, where a silver boom was underway. The Earps clashed with an informal group of outlaws known as the \"Cowboys.\" Wyatt, Virgil, and younger brother Morgan held various law-enforcement positions which put them in conflict with Tom McLaury, Frank McLaury, Ike Clanton, and Billy Clanton who threatened to kill the Earps on several occasions. The conflict escalated over the next year, culminating in the shootout at the O.K. Corral on October 26, 1881, where the Earps and Doc Holliday killed three Cowboys. During the next five months, Virgil was ambushed and maimed, and Morgan was assassinated. Wyatt, Warren Earp, Doc Holliday, and others formed a federal posse which killed three more Cowboys whom they thought responsible. Wyatt was never wounded in any of the gunfights, unlike his brothers Virgil and Morgan or his friend Doc Holliday, which only added to his mystique after his death.\nAs a lifelong gambler Earp was always looking for a quick way to make money. After leaving Tombstone, he went to San Francisco where he reunited with Josephine Marcus, and she became his common-law wife. They joined a gold rush to Eagle City, Idaho, where they owned mining interests and a saloon. They left to race horses and open a saloon during a real estate boom in San Diego, California. Back in San Francisco, Wyatt raced horses again, but his reputation suffered irreparably when he refereed the Fitzsimmons vs. Sharkey boxing match and called a foul which led many to believe that he fixed the fight. They moved briefly to Yuma, Arizona, before joining the Nome Gold Rush in 1899. He and Charlie Hoxie paid $1,500 (about $51,000 in 2018) for a liquor license to open a two-story saloon called the Dexter and made an estimated $80,000 (about $2 million in 2017). The couple left Alaska and opened another saloon in Tonopah, Nevada, the site of a new gold find. Around 1911, Earp began working several mining claims in Vidal, California, retiring in the hot summers with Josephine to Los Angeles. He made friends among early Western actors in Hollywood and tried to get his story told, but he was portrayed only very briefly in one film produced during his lifetime: Wild Bill Hickok (1923).\nEarp died on January 13, 1929. Known as a Western lawman, gunfighter, and boxing referee, he had a notorious reputation for both his handling of the Fitzsimmons\u2013Sharkey fight and his role in the O.K. Corral gunfight. This began to change only after his death when the extremely flattering biography Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal was published in 1931, becoming a bestseller and creating his reputation as a fearless lawman. Since then, Earp has been the subject of numerous films, television shows, biographies, and works of fiction which have increased both his fame and his notoriety. Long after his death, he has many devoted detractors and admirers. His modern-day reputation is that of the Old West's toughest and deadliest gunman.", "Q705399": "Robert Christopher Lasch (1932\u20131994) was an American historian, moralist, and social critic who was a history professor at the University of Rochester. Lasch sought to use history as a tool to awaken American society to the pervasiveness with which major institutions, public and private, were eroding the competence and independence of families and communities. He strove to create a historically informed social criticism that could teach Americans how to deal with rampant consumerism, proletarianization, and what he famously labeled the \"culture of narcissism\".\nHis books, including The New Radicalism in America (1965), Haven in a Heartless World (1977), The Culture of Narcissism (1979), The True and Only Heaven (1991), and The Revolt of the Elites and the Betrayal of Democracy (published posthumously in 1996) were widely discussed and reviewed. The Culture of Narcissism became a surprise best-seller and won the National Book Award in the category Current Interest (paperback).Lasch was always a critic of modern liberalism and a historian of liberalism's discontents, but over time his political perspective evolved dramatically. In the 1960s, he was a neo-Marxist and acerbic critic of Cold War liberalism. During the 1970s, he supported certain aspects of cultural conservatism with a left-leaning critique of capitalism, and drew on Freud-influenced critical theory to diagnose the ongoing deterioration that he perceived in American culture and politics. His writings are sometimes denounced by feminists and hailed by conservatives for his apparent defense of the traditional family.He eventually concluded that an often unspoken but pervasive faith in \"Progress\" tended to make Americans resistant to many of his arguments. In his last major works he explored this theme in depth, suggesting that Americans had much to learn from the suppressed and misunderstood populist and artisan movements of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.", "Q62809": "Olga Konstantinovna Chekhova, in Germany Olga Tschechowa (n\u00e9e. Knipper, Russian: \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0427\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430; 14 April 1897 \u2013 9 March 1980) was a Russian-German actress. Her film roles include the female lead in Alfred Hitchcock's Mary (1931).", "Q319547": "Walter Veltroni (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8valter vel\u02c8tro\u02d0ni]; born 3 July 1955) is an Italian writer, film director, journalist, and politician, who served as the first leader of the Democratic Party within the centre-left opposition, until his resignation on 17 February 2009. He served as Mayor of Rome from June 2001 to February 2008.", "Q151593": "Olivier Eug\u00e8ne Prosper Charles Messiaen (UK: , US: , French: [\u0254livje m\u025bsj\u0251\u0303]; December 10, 1908 \u2013 April 27, 1992) was a French composer, organist, and ornithologist, one of the major composers of the 20th century. His music is rhythmically complex; harmonically and melodically he employs a system he called modes of limited transposition, which he abstracted from the systems of material generated by his early compositions and improvisations. He wrote music for chamber ensembles and orchestra, vocal music, as well as for solo organ and piano, and also experimented with the use of novel electronic instruments developed in Europe during his lifetime.\nHe travelled widely and wrote works inspired by diverse influences ranging from Japanese music, the landscape of Bryce Canyon in Utah and the life of St. Francis of Assisi. He said he perceived colours when he heard certain musical chords (a phenomenon known as synaesthesia in its literal manifestation); combinations of these colours, he said, were important in his compositional process. For a short period Messiaen experimented with the parametrisation associated with \"total serialism\", in which field he is often cited as an innovator. His style absorbed many global musical influences such as Indonesian gamelan (tuned percussion often features prominently in his orchestral works).\nMessiaen entered the Paris Conservatoire at the age of 11 and was taught by Paul Dukas, Maurice Emmanuel, Charles-Marie Widor and Marcel Dupr\u00e9, among others. He was appointed organist at the \u00c9glise de la Sainte-Trinit\u00e9, Paris, in 1931, a post held until his death. He taught at the Schola Cantorum de Paris during the 1930s. On the fall of France in 1940, Messiaen was made a prisoner of war, during which time he composed his Quatuor pour la fin du temps (\"Quartet for the end of time\") for the four available instruments\u2014piano, violin, cello and clarinet. The piece was first performed by Messiaen and fellow prisoners for an audience of inmates and prison guards. He was appointed professor of harmony soon after his release in 1941, and professor of composition in 1966 at the Paris Conservatoire, positions he held until his retirement in 1978. His many distinguished pupils included Iannis Xenakis, George Benjamin, Alexander Goehr, Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Myung-whun Chung and Yvonne Loriod, who became his second wife.\nHe found birdsong fascinating, notating bird songs worldwide and incorporating birdsong transcriptions into his music. His innovative use of colour, his conception of the relationship between time and music, and his use of birdsong are among the features that make Messiaen's music distinctive.", "Q725049": "Kenichi Ohmae (\u5927\u524d \u7814\u4e00, \u014cmae Ken'ichi, born February 21, 1943) is a Japanese organizational theorist, management consultant, Former Professor and Dean of UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, and author, known for developing the 3C's Model.", "Q920266": "The Royal Physiographic Society in Lund (Swedish: Kungliga Fysiografiska S\u00e4llskapet i Lund), is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden. It was founded in Lund, on December 2, 1772, and received a Royal Charter by Gustav III, on March 6, 1778.", "Q91981": "Sibylle Rauch (born 14 June 1960) is a German former film actress, nude model and pornographic actress.", "Q307779": "bless4 is a Japanese vocal ensemble from the United States consisting of four siblings from the Kawamitsu family. Youngest sister Akino has her own solo musical career, and youngest brother Aiki has also released a solo single (with eldest brother Akashi arranging) to accompany his book.\n\n", "Q1674003": "Iskandar Safa (born April 1955) is a French businessman of Lebanese origin., recently sued for $2B by Mozambique in a corruption scandal. , \nTogether with his brother Akram Safa, he is the owner of Privinvest Holding, a major international naval construction group. In addition to this, Iskandar Safa and his brother Akram control, through P.I. Dev SAL, the French company FIMAS SA specialised in developing and managing real estate properties in the South of France.", "Q11100487": "Yang Jiachi (Chinese: \u6768\u5609\u5880; 16 July 1919 \u2013 11 June 2006) was a Chinese aerospace engineer and a specialist in satellite control and automation. A participant in the development of China's first satellites and the developer of the attitude control system for recoverable satellites, he was awarded the Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal in 1999. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the International Academy of Astronautics. The asteroid 11637 Yangjiachi is named after him.", "Q448547": "Pedro Francisco Duque Duque, OF, OMSE (Madrid, 14 March 1963) is a Spanish astronaut and aeronautics engineer who serves as Minister of Science, Innovation and Universities of the Government of Spain. He is also Member of the Congress of Deputies since May 2019. He was the first Spanish astronaut.", "Q86225": "Arthur Mahler (born 1 August 1871, Prague - died 5 April 1944 in Terez\u00edn Ghetto) was a Czech-Austrian archeologist. He was a cousin of composer Gustav Mahler.", "Q14747": "F\u00e9lix \u00c1ngel Sancho Gracia (27 September 1936 \u2013 8 August 2012) was a Spanish motion picture and television actor.\nGracia was born and died in Madrid. He started his acting career in Montevideo, Uruguay, where he lived from 1947 until 1961. In Montevideo he was a student of Margarita Xirgu. He made his movie acting debut in France in the 1963 film L'Autre femme opposite Annie Girardot. Since then he has appeared in more than eighty motion pictures including several Hollywood productions during the 1970s and in 1999's Outlaw Justice with Willie Nelson and Kris Kristofferson. As well, Gracia has worked in Australia, performing as a regular cast member in the 1982 television series, Runaway Island and in the 1991 made-for-TV film, Pirates Island. He also participated in the Oscar-nominated Mexican film El Crimen del Padre Amaro in 2002.\nIn 2003, he was nominated for the Goya Award for Best Actor for his performance in the 2002 film, 800 balas.\nIn addition to motion pictures, Sancho Gracia made more than sixty guest appearances on Spanish television shows. He became famous in Spain for the role of Curro Jim\u00e9nez, in the Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola drama series of the same name, that was broadcast from 1976 to 1979, being rebroadcast several times since then.\nHe died of lung cancer on August 8, 2012.", "Q242557": "Anne Fletcher (born May 1, 1966) is an American dancer, actress, choreographer and film director. She is best known for her films Step Up (2006), 27 Dresses (2008) and The Proposal (2009).", "Q259611": "Federico Kirbus (14 October 1931 \u2013 12 December 2015) was an Argentine journalist, writer, and researcher.\nHe has published articles in publications such as Velocidad, El Gr\u00e1fico, Motor, A Todo Motor, Aire & Sol, La Prensa, La Naci\u00f3n, Diario Clar\u00edn, Argentinisches Tageblatt, Autoclub, Autom\u00f3vil Revue (Switzerland), Road & Track, Car and Driver (US), and many others. He has covered many races at home and abroad as a journalist, and toured with Juan Manuel Fangio in Europe; he joined the racing team Mercedes-Benz in 1955.\nHe ran as a writer of tourism much of Argentina and has \"discovered\" journalistically sites such as Ischigualasto (Moon Valley), Talampaya and Route 40. During his long activity was testing cars, a task performed for over half a century Marlu Kirbus with his wife (1940\u20132013).\nIn 1978, it prevented the Train to the Clouds, created shortly before it was suppressed for lack of passengers to be published in the official organ of the Automobile Club Argentino an article entitled \"A clouds in a train\", which made this tourist service known among many lovers of railways (Autoclub magazine). In 1983, he visited the Llanos of La Rioja and published in the journal Autoclub an article that would last for the public domain and tourism as \"The Way of the Warlords\"", "Q2770": "Tula (Russian: \u0422\u0443\u043b\u0430, IPA: [\u02c8tul\u0259]) is an industrial city and the administrative center of Tula Oblast, Russia, located 193 kilometers (120 mi) south of Moscow, on the Upa River. Population: 501,169\u2009(2010 Census); 481,216\u2009(2002 Census); 539,980\u2009(1989 Census).", "Q69784": "Hans Joachim Alpers (July 14, 1943 \u2013 February 16, 2011) was a German writer and editor of science fiction and fantasy. Together with Werner Fuchs and Ulrich Kiesow he founded Fantasy Productions, which became one of the premier German RPG- and board game producers and retailers. He was born in Bremerhaven.\nAs an editor he co-founded the highly successful German-language role-playing game The Dark Eye and the Science Fiction Times and as a critic he was a contributor to Science Fiction Studies. As a writer he used several pseudonyms including J\u00fcrgen Andreas, Thorn Forrester, Daniel Herbst, Gregory Kern, Mischa Morrison, P.T. Vieton, and J\u00f6rn de Vries. He won the Kurd-La\u00dfwitz-Preis for the novels Das zerrissene Land and Die graue Eminenz. He also co-wrote a six-volume series of young-adult SF with Ronald M. Hahn Das Raumschiff der Kinder (translates as \"The Children's Spaceship\").He edited anthologies, annual publications, and reference works. Anthologies included Science Fiction aus Deutschland: 24 Stories von 20 Autoren (1974). Annual publications included the Science-fiction-Almanach (1981\u20131987) and Science-fiction-Jahrbuch (1983\u20131987). Reference works included Reclams Science-fiction-F\u00fchrer (1982), Lexikon der Science-fiction-Literatur (1980, 1988), Lexikon der Horrorliteratur (1999), and Lexikon der Fantasy-Literatur (2005).He lived in Hamburg.\nIn 2012 he was awarded a posthumous special Kurd-La\u00dfwitz-Preis for his many years of contributing to German-language SF.", "Q3318231": "Joko Widodo (born Mulyono, 21 June 1961), also known as Jokowi, is an Indonesian politician who is the 7th and current president of Indonesia. Elected in July 2014 as the first president not to come from an elite political or military background, he was previously the Mayor of Surakarta from 2005 to 2012, and the Governor of Jakarta from 2012 to 2014.\nHe achieved national prominence in 2009 for his work as the Mayor of Surakarta. A member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), he was its candidate for the 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election, alongside Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (often known as Ahok) as his running mate. Defeating incumbent Fauzi Bowo, he took office in October 2012 and reinvigorated Jakartan politics, introducing publicised blusukan visits (unannounced spot checks) and improving the city's bureaucracy, reducing corruption in the process. He also introduced years-late programs to improve quality of life, including universal healthcare, dredging the city's main river to reduce flooding, and inaugurating the construction of the city's subway system.PDI-P nominated Jokowi, seen as a rising star in Indonesian politics, for the 2014 presidential election. Winning a majority of the popular vote, he was named president-elect on 22 July 2014, to bitter protest from his opponent Prabowo Subianto, who disputed the outcome and withdrew from the race before the count was completed. As president, Jokowi has primarily focused on infrastructure, introducing or restarting long-delayed programs to improve connectivity in the Indonesian archipelago. On foreign policy, his administration has emphasised \"protecting Indonesia\u2019s sovereignty\", with the sinking of illegal foreign fishing vessels and the prescription of capital punishment for drug smugglers, despite intense pressure from foreign powers including Australia and France. He was re-elected in 2019 for a second five-year term.", "Q1141591": "Franzo Grande Stevens (born 13 September 1928) is an Italian lawyer, famous for being the lawyer of the Agnelli family. He was one of the triad of longtime advisor, who advised Gianni Agnelli and continues to advise his grandson and heir John Elkann. He served as chairman of Juventus F.C. from 2003 to 2006.", "Q425797": "Joyce Chao or Chao Hung-chiao (Chinese: \u8d99\u8679\u55ac; pinyin: Zh\u00e0o H\u00f3ngqi\u00e1o; born 15 November 1979) is a Taiwanese actress, singer and television host. She was a member of Taiwanese female group 7 Flowers. During years in school, her friends introduced her to a model company. After graduation, she entered Jungiery. She was cast in the film Shanghai Ghetto, a love story between a Jewish Refugee and a Chinese woman during World War Two. She played the role of Alice Chen, a friend of the protagonist.\n\n", "Q953288": "Michael Lawson Bishop (born November 12, 1945) is an American writer. Over four decades and in more than thirty books, he has created what has been called a \"body of work that stands among the most admired and influential in modern science fiction and fantasy literature.\"", "Q246731": "Theodosius Grygorovych Dobzhansky (Ukrainian: \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0456\u0439 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0436\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439; Russian: \u0424\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0436\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; January 25, 1900 \u2013 December 18, 1975) was a prominent Russian-American geneticist and evolutionary biologist, and a central figure in the field of evolutionary biology for his work in shaping the modern synthesis. Dobzhansky was born in Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire, and became an immigrant to the United States in 1927, aged 27.His 1937 work Genetics and the Origin of Species became a major influence on the modern synthesis. He was awarded the US National Medal of Science in 1964, and the Franklin Medal in 1973.\n\n", "Q125212": "Eduard Gotthilf (von) Pfeiffer (24 November 1835 \u2013 13 May 1921) was a German banker, social reformer, and pioneer of the co-operative movement.\n\n", "Q48992": "Buffalo Springfield was a Canadian-American rock band active from 1966 to 1968 whose most prominent members were Stephen Stills, Neil Young, and Richie Furay. The group released three albums and several singles, including \"For What It's Worth\". The band combined elements of folk and country music with British invasion and psychedelic-rock influences, and, along with the Byrds, were part of the early development of folk-rock.\nWith a name taken from the manufacturer's nameplate from a steamroller, Buffalo Springfield formed in Los Angeles in 1966 with Stills (guitar, keyboards, vocals), Dewey Martin (drums, vocals), Bruce Palmer (bass), Furay (guitar, vocals), and Young (guitar, harmonica, piano, vocals). The band signed to Atlantic Records in 1966 and released their debut single \"Nowadays Clancy Can't Even Sing\", which became a hit in Los Angeles. The following January, the group released the protest song \"For What It's Worth\", for which they are now best known. Their second album, Buffalo Springfield Again, marked their progression to psychedelia and hard rock.After various drug-related arrests and line-up changes, the group broke up in 1968. Stephen Stills went on to form the supergroup Crosby, Stills & Nash with David Crosby of the Byrds and Graham Nash of the Hollies. Neil Young launched his solo career and later joined Stills in Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young in 1969. Furay, along with Jim Messina, went on to form the country-rock band Poco. Buffalo Springfield was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997.", "Q216106": "Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm Walther (October 25, 1811 \u2013 May 7, 1887) was a German-American Lutheran minister. He was the first President of the Lutheran Church\u2013Missouri Synod (LCMS) and its most influential theologian. He is commemorated by that church on its Calendar of Saints on May 7. He has been described as a man who sacrificed his homeland, his health, and nearly his life for the freedom to speak freely, to believe freely, and to live freely, by emigrating from Germany to the United States.", "Q708865": "The Reformed Government of the Republic of China (Chinese: \u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u7dad\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c, Zh\u014dnghu\u00e1 M\u00edngu\u00f3 W\u00e9ix\u012bn Zh\u00e8ngf\u01d4 or Japanese: \u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u56fd\u7dad\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c, \"Ch\u016bkaminkoku Ishin Seifu\") was a Chinese puppet state created by Japan that existed from 1938 to 1940 during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The regime had little authority or popular support, nor did it receive international recognition even from Japan itself, lasting only two years before it was merged with the Provisional Government into the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China under Wang Jingwei. Due to the extensive powers of the Japanese advisors within the government and its own limited powers, the Reformed Government was not much more than an arm of the Japanese military administration.\n\n", "Q58559": "Pope Leo IX (21 June 1002 \u2013 19 April 1054), born Bruno of Egisheim-Dagsburg, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 12 February 1049 to his death in 1054. Leo IX is widely considered the most historically significant German pope of the Middle Ages; he was instrumental in the precipitation of the Great Schism of 1054, considered the turning point in which the Catholic and Orthodox Churches formally separated.\nLeo IX favored traditional morality in his reformation of the Catholic Church. One of his first public acts was to hold the Easter synod of 1049; he joined Emperor Henry III in Saxony and accompanied him to Cologne and Aachen. He also summoned a meeting of the higher clergy in Reims in which several important reforming decrees were passed. At Mainz he held a council at which the Italian and French as well as the German clergy were represented, and ambassadors of the Byzantine emperor were present. Here too, simony and the marriage of the clergy were the principal matters dealt with. He is regarded as a saint by the Catholic Church, his feast day celebrated on 19 April.", "Q769": "Grenada ( (listen) grin-AY-d\u0259 Grenadian Creole: Gwenad) is a sovereign state in the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea at the southern end of the Grenadines island chain. Grenada consists of the island of Grenada itself plus six smaller islands which lie to the north of the main island. It is located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago, northeast of Venezuela and southwest of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Its size is 348.5 square kilometres (134.6 sq mi), and it had an estimated population of 112,200 in July 2018. Its capital is St. George's. Grenada is also known as the \"Island of Spice\" due to its production of nutmeg and mace crops. The national bird of Grenada is the critically endangered Grenada dove.\n\nBefore the arrival of Europeans in the Americas, Grenada was inhabited by the indigenous Arawaks and later by the Island Caribs. Christopher Columbus sighted Grenada in 1498 during his third voyage to the Americas. Although it was deemed the property of the King of Spain, there are no records to suggest the Spanish ever landed or settled on the island. Following several unsuccessful attempts by Europeans to colonise the island due to resistance from the Island Caribs, French settlement and colonisation began in 1650 and continued for the next century. On 10 February 1763, Grenada was ceded to the British under the Treaty of Paris. British rule continued until 1974 (except for a period of French rule between 1779 and 1783). From 1958 to 1962 Grenada was part of the Federation of the West Indies, a short-lived federation of British West Indian colonies. On 3 March 1967, Grenada was granted full autonomy over its internal affairs as an associated state.\nIndependence as a sovereign state was granted on 7 February 1974, without breaking formal ties with the Commonwealth, under the leadership of Eric Gairy, who became the first Prime Minister of Grenada, with Queen Elizabeth as Head of State. In March 1979, the officially socialist (in practice, largely social democratic) and agrarian New Jewel Movement supplanted Gairy's government in a bloodless coup d'\u00e9tat favored by the vast majority of the general population and established the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG), headed by Maurice Bishop as Prime Minister. Bishop was later executed by military officials. The government that followed was soon ousted by an American invasion under the Reagan administration in October 1983.\n\n", "Q123663": "Ludwig Georg Courvoisier (10 November 1843 \u2013 8 April 1918) was a surgeon from Basel, Switzerland. He was one of the first doctors to remove gallstones from the common bile duct.In 1890, Courvoisier published the book Casuistisch-statistische Beitr\u00e4ge zur Pathologie und Chirurgie der Gallenwege, a manual on biliary surgery in which he introduced the medical sign known as Courvoisier's law.\n\n", "Q206315": "Christopher I (Danish: Christoffer I) (1219 \u2013 29 May 1259) was King of Denmark between 1252 and 1259. He was the son of Valdemar II of Denmark by his second wife, Berengaria of Portugal. He succeeded his brothers Eric IV Plovpenning and Abel of Denmark on the throne. Christopher was elected King upon the death of his older brother Abel in the summer of 1252. He was crowned at Lund Cathedral on Christmas Day 1252.", "Q387958": "What a Man is a 2011 German comedy film directed by Matthias Schweigh\u00f6fer. It was well received by German critics and also a success at the box office. It received US$17.3 million at the box office \n\n", "Q2670872": "Pinball, 1973 (1973\u5e74\u306e\u30d4\u30f3\u30dc\u30fc\u30eb, Sen-Ky\u016bhyaku-Nanaj\u016b-San-Nen no Pinb\u014dru) is a novel published in 1980 by Japanese author Haruki Murakami. The second book in the \"Trilogy of the Rat\" series, it is preceded by Hear the Wind Sing (1979) and followed by A Wild Sheep Chase (1982), and is the second novel written by Murakami.\nAll three books in the Trilogy of the Rat have been translated into English, but Pinball, 1973, and Hear The Wind Sing, the first two books in the trilogy, were only printed as English translations in Japan by Kodansha under their Kodansha English Library branding, and both only as A6-sized pocket editions. Before being reprinted in 2009, these novels were difficult to locate and quite expensive, especially outside Japan. Murakami is alleged to have said that he did not intend these novels to be published outside Japan. Whether or not this is true, both novels are much shorter than those that follow and make up the bulk of his work, and are less evolved stylistically. The title reflects that of the well-known Oe Kenzaburo novel, The Silent Cry, which in the original Japanese is titled Football, First Year of the Man'en Era [1860] (\u4e07\u5ef6\u5143\u5e74\u306e\u30d5\u30c3\u30c8\u30dc\u30fc\u30eb, Man'en Gannen no Futtob\u014dru).\nAn omnibus English edition of Murakami's first two novels (Hear the Wind Sing and Pinball, 1973), under the title Wind/Pinball, with translations by Prof. Ted Goossen of York University, was released in the United States in August, 2015.", "Q238364": "Margaret Bourke-White (; June 14, 1904 \u2013 August 27, 1971) was an American photographer and documentary photographer. She is best known as the first foreign photographer permitted to take pictures of Soviet industry under the Soviet's five-year plan, the first American female war photojournalist, and having one of her photographs (the construction of Fort Peck Dam) on the cover of the first issue of Life magazine. She died of Parkinson's disease about eighteen years after developing symptoms.\n\n", "Q498389": "Patrick George Considine (born 5 September 1973) is an English actor, director, screenwriter, and musician. He has had supporting roles in 24 Hour Party People (2002), In America (2003), My Summer of Love (2004), Cinderella Man (2005), Hot Fuzz (2007), The Bourne Ultimatum (2007), The World's End (2013), and Macbeth (2015), and leading roles in A Room for Romeo Brass (1999), Dead Man's Shoes (2004), Blitz (2011), Honour (2014), The Girl with All the Gifts (2016), and The Death of Stalin (2017).\nConsidine came to prominence in the early 2000s with a string of performances in independent films that prompted The Observer to describe him as \"the best-kept secret in British movies\". In addition to his roles in Hollywood films, he has acted in British films and television shows such as The Suspicions of Mr Whicher (2014). He wrote and directed Tyrannosaur (2011), a film loosely based on his directorial debut, the 2007 short film Dog Altogether. He has also acted in and directed several music videos, most notably Coldplay's \"God Put a Smile upon Your Face\" and the Arctic Monkeys' \"Leave Before the Lights Come On\".\nConsidine has received an Empire Award, an Evening Standard British Film Award, and a Thessaloniki Film Festival Award for his acting. He has also won a BAFTA Award, a British Independent Film Award, a Silver Lion at the 2007 Venice Film Festival, and the Seattle International Film Festival Short Film Jury Award (Narrative Special Jury Prize) for his short film Dog Altogether. He won a second BAFTA Award and a British Independent Film Award at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival for Tyrannosaur.", "Q1146361": "James MacDonough born on April 3, 1970 in Jacksonville, Florida US is a professional bass guitarist. He has played with Iced Earth, Nevermore, and Megadeth.", "Q37001": "Toshiro Mifune (\u4e09\u8239\u654f\u90ce, Mifune Toshir\u014d, April 1, 1920 \u2013 December 24, 1997) was a Japanese actor who appeared in over 150 feature films. He is best known for his 16-film collaboration (1948\u201365) with Akira Kurosawa in such works as Rashomon, Seven Samurai, The Hidden Fortress, Throne of Blood, and Yojimbo. He also portrayed Miyamoto Musashi in Hiroshi Inagaki's Samurai Trilogy and one earlier Inagaki film, Lord Toranaga in the NBC television miniseries Sh\u014dgun, and Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto in three different films.", "Q848723": "Andr\u00e1s Boz\u00f3ki (born 23 January 1959) is a Hungarian sociologist and politician, who served as Minister of Culture between 2005 and 2006.", "Q954478": "David Lowe (born 17 April 1955) is an English actor, composer, film director and scientist. He appeared in more than thirty films since 1987.", "Q67636": "Ersigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Ober\u00f6sch and Nieder\u00f6sch merged into Ersigen.", "Q818114": "Dragan \u0110ilas (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d \u0402\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441, pronounced [dr\u01ce\u0261an d\u0361\u0291\u00eela\u02d0s], born 22 February 1967) is a Serbian politician and businessman who was the Mayor of Belgrade from 2008 to 2013.\nFrom 25 November 2012 until 31 May 2014, he served as the President of the Demokratska Stranka (DS), the nation's main opposition party.\nAs a member of the Democratic Party (DS), \u0110ilas has been the mayor of the Serbian capital city since 2008. He served as the Minister without Portfolio in charge of the National Investment Plan in the 2007-2008 Cabinet of Serbia and prior to that as the director of the People's Office of the President between 2004 and 2007.\nOn 18 April 2011, \u0110ilas became the President of Basketball Federation of Serbia (KSS). He resigned in November 2016.", "Q152105": "Ikiru (\u751f\u304d\u308b, \"To Live\") is a 1952 Japanese drama film directed and co-written by Akira Kurosawa and starring Takashi Shimura. The film examines the struggles of a terminally ill Tokyo bureaucrat and his final quest for meaning. The screenplay was partly inspired by Leo Tolstoy's 1886 novella The Death of Ivan Ilyich.\nThe major themes of the film include learning how to live, the inefficiency of bureaucracy, and decaying family life in Japan, which have been the subject of analysis by academics and critics. The film has received widespread critical acclaim, and in Japan won awards for Best Film at the Kinema Junpo and Mainichi Film Awards. It was remade as a television film in 2007.", "Q221635": "Track cycling is a bicycle racing sport usually held on specially built banked tracks or velodromes using track bicycles.", "Q78716": "Guido Adler (1 November 1855, Ivan\u010dice (Eibensch\u00fctz), Moravia \u2013 15 February 1941, Vienna) was a Bohemian-Austrian musicologist and writer.", "Q499097": "Ian Edmund Bannen (29 June 1928 \u2013 3 November 1999) was a Scottish actor. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his performance in The Flight of the Phoenix (1965), as well as two BAFTA Film Awards for his performances in The Offence (1973) and Hope and Glory (1987).\nBannen's other notable roles were in The Hill (1965), Penelope (1966), From Beyond the Grave (1974), Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1979), Eye of the Needle (1981), Braveheart (1995) and Waking Ned (1998), which earned him a Satellite Award.", "Q2837": "Kal\u00faga (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0301\u0433\u0430, IPA: [k\u0250\u02c8\u026bu\u0261\u0259]) is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River 150 kilometers (93 mi) southwest of Moscow. Population: 324,698\u2009(2010 Census); 334,751\u2009(2002 Census); 311,319\u2009(1989 Census).Kaluga is known for its most famous resident, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, a rocket science pioneer who worked here as a school teacher. The Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics in Kaluga is dedicated to his theoretical achievements and their practical implementations for modern space research, hence the motto on the city's coat of arms: \"The Cradle of Space Exploration\".", "Q325321": "Gilberto Bosques Sald\u00edvar (b. Chiautla de Tapia, Puebla, 20 July 1892 \u2013 4 July 1995) was a Mexican career diplomat and before that a militant in the Mexican Revolution and a leftist legislator. As a consul in Marseille, Vichy France, Bosques took initiative to rescue tens of thousands of Jews and Spanish Republican exiles from being deported to Nazi Germany or Spain, but his heroism remained unknown to the world at large for some sixty years, until several years after his death at the age of 102 (not 103, as sometimes reported). For about two decades after World War II, Bosques served as Mexico's ambassador to several countries. Since 2003, international recognition has been accruing to him. In 1944, he described his efforts thus: \"I followed the policy of my country, of material and moral support to the heroic defenders of the Spanish Republic, the stalwart paladins of the struggle against Hitler, Mussolini, Franco, Petain, and Laval.\"In 2010, a documentary film about him was produced in Mexico, directed by Lillian Lieberman, titled Visa al para\u00edso (Visa to Paradise).", "Q378032": "Francis Joins the WACS is a 1954 American black-and-white comedy film from Universal-International, produced by Ted Richmond, directed by Arthur Lubin, that stars Donald O'Connor, Julie Adams, ZaSu Pitts, Mamie Van Doren, and Chill Wills in two roles, including the distinctive voice of Francis in voice-over.\nThis is the fifth film in Universal-International Francis the Talking Mule series.", "Q447933": "Alan Armstrong (born 17 July 1946), known professionally as Alun Armstrong, is an English actor. Armstrong grew up in County Durham in North East England. He first became interested in acting through Shakespeare productions at his grammar school. Since his career began in the early 1970s, he has played, in his words, \"the full spectrum of characters from the grotesque to musicals... I always play very colourful characters, often a bit crazy, despotic, psychotic\".His numerous credits include several Charles Dickens adaptations and the eccentric ex-detective Brian Lane in New Tricks. Armstrong is also an accomplished stage actor who spent nine years with the Royal Shakespeare Company. He originated the role of Th\u00e9nardier in the London production of Les Mis\u00e9rables and he won an Olivier Award for playing the title role in Sweeney Todd.", "Q63450": "Juliane K\u00f6hler (born 6 August 1965) is a German theatre, television and film actress.\nK\u00f6hler was born in G\u00f6ttingen to a puppeteer. During 1985\u20131988 she studied under Uta Hagen in New York City and attended HB Studio. She also received ballet instruction in Munich. Since her first appearance at Hanover's Lower Saxon State Theatre in 1988, she has regularly appeared in German theatre productions. She performed in an ensemble cast of the Bavarian State Theatre during 1993\u20131997. She left the company because her filming of Aim\u00e9e & Jaguar interfered with rehearsals for a production of Das K\u00e4thchen von Heilbronn. She later returned to Munich to participate with the Munich Kammerspiele.\nShe has starred in the 1999 film Aim\u00e9e & Jaguar (as Lilly Wust, or Aim\u00e9e); the 2001 film Nowhere in Africa (as Jettel Redlich); the 2004 film Downfall (as Eva Braun); the 2008 film Haber as Clara, the wife of Fritz Shimon Haber; Christina in Eden Is West (2009) and starred in Two Lives (2012) as Katrine Evensen Myrdal.", "Q311084": "Paul Adelstein (born April 29, 1969) is an American actor, known for the role of Agent Paul Kellerman in the Fox television series Prison Break and his role as pediatrician Cooper Freedman in the ABC medical drama Private Practice. In addition to supporting roles in films such as Intolerable Cruelty and Memoirs of a Geisha, he is also known for his recurring role as Leo Bergen on ABC's Scandal and as Jake Novak in the Bravo television series Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce. He also played Shelley Cohen on \u201cImposters\u201d, another Bravo series. He formerly plays David Sweetzer on the NBC comedy, I Feel Bad.", "Q193981": "Tape is a 2001 American camcorder drama film directed by Richard Linklater and written by Stephen Belber, based on his play of the same name. It stars Ethan Hawke, Robert Sean Leonard, and Uma Thurman. The entire film takes place in real time.\n\n", "Q182654": "Valentina Ivanovna Matviyenko (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e, IPA: [v\u0259l\u02b2\u026an\u02c8t\u02b2in\u0259 \u026a\u02c8van\u0259vn\u0259 m\u0259tv\u02b2\u026a\u02c8j\u025bnk\u0259], Ukrainian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0456\u0454\u043d\u043a\u043e; n\u00e9e Tyutina (\u0422\u044e\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430; IPA: [\u02c8t\u02b2\u0289t\u02b2\u026an\u0259], Ukrainian: \u0422\u044e\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0430); born 7 April 1949) is a Russian politician serving as the Senator from Saint Petersburg and Chairwoman of the Federation Council since 2011. Previously she was Governor of Saint Petersburg from 2003 to 2011.\nBorn in Ukraine, Matviyenko started her political career in the 1980s in Leningrad (now called Saint Petersburg), and was the First Secretary of the Krasnogvardeysky District Communist Party of the City from 1984 to 1986. In the 1990s, Matviyenko served as the Russian Ambassador to Malta (1991\u20131995), and to Greece (1997\u20131998). From 1998 to 2003, Matviyenko was Deputy Prime Minister for Welfare, and briefly the Presidential Envoy to the Northwestern Federal District in 2003. By that time, Matviyenko was firmly allied with Russian President Vladimir Putin, an alliance which secured her a victory in the gubernatorial elections in Saint Petersburg, Putin's native city.\nMatviyenko became the first female leader of Saint Petersburg. Since the start of Matviyenko's service as governor, a significant share of taxation money was transferred from the federal budget to the local budget, and along with the booming economy and improving investment climate the standard of living significantly increased in the City, making income levels much closer to Moscow, and far above most other Russian federal subjects. The profile of Saint Petersburg in Russian politics has risen, marked by the transfer of the Constitutional Court of Russia from Moscow in 2008. Matviyenko developed a large number of megaprojects in housing and infrastructure, such as the construction of the Saint Petersburg Ring Road, including the Big Obukhovsky Bridge (the only non-draw bridge over the Neva River in the city), completion of the Saint Petersburg Dam aimed to put an end to the infamous Saint Petersburg floods, launching Line 5 of Saint Petersburg Metro, and starting land reclamation in the Neva Bay for the new Marine Facade of the city (the largest European waterfront development project) containing the Passenger Port of St. Petersburg. Several major auto-producing companies were drawn to Saint Petersburg or its vicinity, including Toyota, General Motors, Nissan, Hyundai Motor, Suzuki, Magna International, Scania, and MAN SE (all having plants in the Shushary industrial zone), thus turning the city into an important center of automotive industry in Russia, specializing in foreign brands. Another development of Matviyenko's governorship was tourism; by 2010 the number of tourists in Saint Petersburg doubled and reached 5.2 million, which placed the city among the top five tourist centers in Europe.Some actions and practices of Governor Matviyenko have drawn significant criticisms from the Saint Petersburg public, the media, and opposition groups. In particular, new construction in already heavily built-up areas and several building projects were deemed to conflict with the classical architecture of the city, where the entire centre is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Some projects eventually were cancelled or modified, such as the controversial design of a 400-metre-tall Okhta Center skyscraper, planned to be built adjacent to the historical center of the city; however, after a public campaign and the personal involvement of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, it was relocated from Okhta to the Lakhta suburb. Another major point of criticism was Matviyenko's handling of the city's snow removal problems during the unusually cold and snowy winters of 2009\u201310 and 2010\u201311. On 22 August 2011, soon after completion of the Saint Petersburg Dam, Matviyenko resigned from office. As a member of the ruling United Russia Party, on 21 September 2011, Matviyenko was elected as Chairwoman of the Federation Council, the country's third-highest elected office.", "Q2374149": "Botany, also called plant science(s), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term \"botany\" comes from the Ancient Greek word \u03b2\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 (botan\u0113) meaning \"pasture\", \"grass\", or \"fodder\"; \u03b2\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 is in turn derived from \u03b2\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd (boskein), \"to feed\" or \"to graze\". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists (in the strict sense) study approximately 410,000 species of land plants of which some 391,000 species are vascular plants (including approximately 369,000 species of flowering plants), and approximately 20,000 are bryophytes.Botany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify \u2013 and later cultivate \u2013 edible, medicinal and poisonous plants, making it one of the oldest branches of science. Medieval physic gardens, often attached to monasteries, contained plants of medical importance. They were forerunners of the first botanical gardens attached to universities, founded from the 1540s onwards. One of the earliest was the Padua botanical garden. These gardens facilitated the academic study of plants. Efforts to catalogue and describe their collections were the beginnings of plant taxonomy, and led in 1753 to the binomial system of Carl Linnaeus that remains in use to this day.\nIn the 19th and 20th centuries, new techniques were developed for the study of plants, including methods of optical microscopy and live cell imaging, electron microscopy, analysis of chromosome number, plant chemistry and the structure and function of enzymes and other proteins. In the last two decades of the 20th century, botanists exploited the techniques of molecular genetic analysis, including genomics and proteomics and DNA sequences to classify plants more accurately.\nModern botany is a broad, multidisciplinary subject with inputs from most other areas of science and technology. Research topics include the study of plant structure, growth and differentiation, reproduction, biochemistry and primary metabolism, chemical products, development, diseases, evolutionary relationships, systematics, and plant taxonomy. Dominant themes in 21st century plant science are molecular genetics and epigenetics, which are the mechanisms and control of gene expression during differentiation of plant cells and tissues. Botanical research has diverse applications in providing staple foods, materials such as timber, oil, rubber, fibre and drugs, in modern horticulture, agriculture and forestry, plant propagation, breeding and genetic modification, in the synthesis of chemicals and raw materials for construction and energy production, in environmental management, and the maintenance of biodiversity.", "Q524264": "Roberta Elizabeth Marshall Cowell (8 April 1918 \u2013 11 October 2011) was a British racing driver and Second World War fighter pilot. She was the first known British trans woman to undergo sex reassignment surgery.\n\n", "Q1893336": "Distinguish from Dr Nico.Nico Mbarga (1 January 1950 \u2013 24 June 1997), better known as Prince Nico Mbarga, was a highlife musician, born to a Nigerian mother and a Cameroonian father in Abakaliki, Nigeria. He is renowned for his hit song \"Sweet Mother\", recorded with his band Rocafil Jazz, which has been described as the best-selling song in history by an African recording artist.", "Q339708": "The Lady with the Dog (Russian: \u0414\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439, translit. Dama s sobachkoy) is a 1960 Soviet drama film directed by Iosif Kheifits. It was entered into the 1960 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q150712": "Charles III (13 June 839 \u2013 13 January 888), also known as Charles the Fat, was the emperor of the Carolingian Empire from 881 to 888. A member of the Carolingian dynasty, Charles was the youngest son of Louis the German and Hemma, and a great-grandson of Charlemagne. He was the last Carolingian emperor of legitimate birth and the last to rule over all the realms of the Franks.\nOver his lifetime, Charles became ruler of the various kingdoms of Charlemagne's former empire. Granted lordship over Alamannia in 876, following the division of East Francia, he succeeded to the Italian throne upon the abdication of his older brother Carloman of Bavaria who had been incapacitated by a stroke. Crowned Emperor in 881 by Pope John VIII, his succession to the territories of his brother Louis the Younger (Saxony and Bavaria) the following year reunited the kingdom of East Francia. Upon the death of his cousin Carloman II in 884, he inherited all of West Francia, thus reuniting the entire Carolingian Empire.\nUsually considered lethargic and inept\u2014he is known to have had repeated illnesses and is believed to have suffered from epilepsy\u2014he twice purchased peace with Viking raiders, including at the infamous Siege of Paris (885\u2013886) which led to his downfall.\nThe reunited empire did not last. During a coup led by his nephew Arnulf of Carinthia in November 887, Charles was deposed in East Francia, Lotharingia, and Kingdom of Italy. Forced into quiet retirement, he died of natural causes in January 888, just a few weeks after his deposition. The Empire quickly fell apart after his death, splintering into five separate successor kingdoms; the territory it had occupied was not entirely reunited under one ruler until the conquests of Napoleon.", "Q574453": "Yu Youren (Chinese: \u4e8e\u53f3\u4efb; pinyin: Y\u00fa Y\u00f2ur\u00e8n); (April 11, 1879 \u2013 November 10, 1964) was an educator, scholar, calligrapher, and politician in the Republic of China.", "Q34508": "Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media. Video was first developed for mechanical television systems, which were quickly replaced by cathode ray tube (CRT) systems which were later replaced by flat panel displays of several types.\nVideo systems vary in display resolution, aspect ratio, refresh rate, color capabilities and other qualities. Analog and digital variants exist and can be carried on a variety of media, including radio broadcast, magnetic tape, optical discs, computer files, and network streaming.", "Q385197": "Sky Without Stars (German: Himmel ohne Sterne) is a 1955 West German drama film directed by Helmut K\u00e4utner and starring Erik Schumann, Eva Kotthaus and Horst Buchholz.The film's sets were designed by the art director Hans Berthel and Robert Stratil. It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich.", "Q2094005": "Peter McRobbie (born 31 January 1943) is a Scottish-born American character actor, best known for his roles as Pop Pop Jamison in the 2015 horror film The Visit and Father Paul Lantom in Daredevil.", "Q1000446": "Pokrovsk (Ukrainian: \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a, Russian: \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a; until 2016: Krasnoarmiysk Ukrainian: \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0456\u0301\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a, Russian: \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a; until 1938: Grishino Russian: \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043e; Ukrainian: \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435,\ntranslit. Grishine) is a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. Administratively, it is incorporated as a city of oblast significance. It serves as the administrative center of the Pokrovsk Raion, though it is not part of the raion. Its population is approximately 63,437\u2009(2017 est.).\nSince May 2016, the official name of the city in Ukraine is Pokrovsk (\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a). It was renamed according to the Ukrainian decommunization process. Formerly it was known as Krasnoarmiisk which was derived from the Russian words for \"Red Army\".\n\n", "Q75232": "Uli Waas (born 1949, in Donauw\u00f6rth) is a German writer and illustrator. She has illustrated several school and children's books.\nShe studied Graphic design and Fine Arts at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich.", "Q223744": "Farinelli (Italian pronunciation: [fari\u02c8n\u025bl\u02d0i]; 24 January 1705 \u2013 16 September 1782) was the stage name of Carlo Maria Michelangelo Nicola Broschi (pronounced [\u02c8karlo \u02c8br\u0254ski]), a celebrated Italian castrato singer of the 18th century and one of the greatest singers in the history of opera. Farinelli has been described as having soprano vocal range and sang the highest note customary at the time, C6.", "Q426467": "...men Olsenbanden var ikke d\u00f8d (...But the Olsen Gang Wasn't Dead) is a 1984 Norwegian comedy-crime film, directed by Knut Bohwim. It is the last installment of the original Olsenbanden-films starring Opsahl, Holm, and Byhring. It was released on September 6, 1984.", "Q140267": "Lorna's Silence (French: Le Silence de Lorna) is a 2008 drama film by the Belgian brothers Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne. It was the winner of the 2008 LUX Prize, as well as the Best Screenplay Award at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q275502": "Virginia Hey (born 1952) is an Australian actress, known for her role as Pa'u Zotoh Zhaan in the science fiction television series Farscape, playing the \"Warrior Woman\" in Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior, and various roles in television drama series, such as lawyer Jennifer St James in E Street.", "Q1480": "Maria Corazon Cojuangco Aquino (born Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco; 25 January 1933 \u2013 1 August 2009) was a Filipino politician who served as the 11th President of the Philippines, becoming the first woman to hold that office. Corazon Aquino was the most prominent figure of the 1986 People Power Revolution, which ended the 20-year rule of President Ferdinand Marcos. She was named Time magazine's Woman of the Year in 1986. Prior to this, she had not held any elective office.\nA self-proclaimed \"plain housewife\", she was married to Senator Benigno Aquino Jr., the staunchest critic of President Marcos. She emerged as leader of the opposition after her husband was assassinated on 21 August 1983 upon returning to the Philippines from exile in the United States. In late 1985, Marcos called for a snap election, and Aquino ran for president with former senator Salvador Laurel as her running mate for vice president. After the election held on 7 February 1986, the Batasang Pambansa proclaimed Marcos and his running mate Arturo Tolentino as the winners; allegations were made of electoral fraud, with Aquino calling for massive civil disobedience actions. Defections from the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the support of the local Catholic hierarchy led to the People Power Revolution that ousted Marcos and secured Aquino's accession on 25 February 1986.\nAs President, Aquino oversaw the promulgation of the 1987 Constitution, which limited the powers of the Presidency and re-established the bicameral Congress. Her administration provided strong emphasis on and concern for civil liberties and human rights, and on peace talks to resolve the ongoing Communist insurgency and Islamist secession movements. Her economic policies centered on restoring economic health and confidence and focused on creating a market-oriented and socially responsible economy. In 1987, she became the first Filipino to be bestowed with the prestigious Prize For Freedom Award.Several coup attempts were made against Aquino's government; it also faced various natural calamities until the end of her term in 1992. She was succeeded as President by Fidel Ramos, and returned to civilian life while remaining public about her opinions on political issues. In recognition for her role in the world's most peaceful revolution to attain democracy, she was awarded the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1998.\nAquino was diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 2008; she died on 1 August 2009. Her monuments of peace and democracy were established in the capital Manila and her home province of Tarlac after her death. Her son Benigno Aquino III became President of the Philippines from 30 June 2010 to 30 June 2016. Throughout her life, Aquino was known to be a devout Roman Catholic, and was fluent in French, Japanese, Spanish, and English aside from her native Tagalog and Kapampangan. She is highly regarded by the international diplomatic community as the Mother of Democracy.", "Q120593": "Eugene Anthony Chaplin (born August 23, 1953) is a Swiss recording engineer and documentary filmmaker. He is the fifth child of Oona O'Neill and Charlie Chaplin, the grandson of playwright Eugene O'Neill, and the father of film actress Kiera Chaplin.He is the president of the International Comedy Film Festival of Vevey, Switzerland. He directed the documentary film Charlie Chaplin: A Family Tribute and created the musical Smile, which is a narration of Charlie Chaplin's life through his music. \nAs a recording engineer, he worked with The Rolling Stones, David Bowie, and Queen.", "Q483971": "Stone Music Entertainment (Hangul: \uc2a4\ud1a4\ubba4\uc9c1\uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8) is a South Korean entertainment private-held company under the E&M Division of CJ ENM. It is currently one of the largest co-publisher companies in South Korea. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management, concert production company, music publishing house, and investment.\nOnce a home to artists SeeYa, Lee Hyori, I.O.I, Park Bo-ram, Wanna One, and X1, it currently manages artists such as SG Wannabe, Davichi, Roy Kim, Son Ho-young, Eric Nam, Heize, Fromis 9, Iz*One, and HEDY.\nStone Music Entertainment (formerly CJ E&M Music) was named Music Distributor of the Year at the Gaon Chart K-Pop Awards in 2014.", "Q743535": "Chelsea is an area of South West London, bounded to the south by the River Thames. Its river frontage runs from Chelsea Bridge along the Chelsea Embankment, Cheyne Walk, Lots Road and Chelsea Harbour. Its eastern boundary was once defined by the River Westbourne, which is now in a pipe above Sloane Square Underground station. The modern eastern boundary is Chelsea Bridge Road and the lower half of Sloane Street, including Sloane Square. To the north and northwest, the area fades into Knightsbridge and Brompton, but it is considered that the area north of King's Road as far northwest as Fulham Road is part of Chelsea. \nThe district lies entirely within the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, although Chelsea gives its name to nearby locations, such as Chelsea Harbour in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, and Chelsea Barracks in the City of Westminster. From 1900, and until the creation of Greater London in 1965, it formed the Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea in the County of London.\nThe exclusivity of Chelsea as a result of its high property-prices historically resulted in the coining of the term \"Sloane Ranger\" in the 1970s to characterise its residents. Since 2011 Channel 4 has broadcast a reality-television show called Made in Chelsea, documenting the lives of affluent young people living there. Chelsea is home to one of the largest communities of Americans living outside the United States, with 6.53% of Chelsea residents having been born in the US.", "Q96817": "Werner Br\u00e4unig (May 12, 1934 \u2013 August 14, 1976) was a German author. He is best known for his posthumously published novel Rummelplatz (German for \"Fairground\").\nThe novel was to be part of a Communist Party campaign to establish a new kind of working class literature by encouraging talented labourers to write fiction about their everyday lives. \nBr\u00e4unig started work on his only novel Rummelplatz in 1960. The novel deals with work in the Soviet owned uranium mines of the Wismut AG and covers the time span from the foundation of the GDR in 1949 to the uprising in East Germany on June 17, 1953.\nThough the novel clearly shows the author's conviction that Capitalism always ends up in Fascism and therefore Communism is the only chance for mankind, the preprinted chapters of the book were heavily criticized by the 11th plenum of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany as defaming the working class and the Soviet Union. \nIn contrast to official propaganda, Br\u00e4unig portrayed the Wismut miners not as a kind of working-class elite, but as ordinary people struggling to make a living after World War II, spending their spare time in pubs or at the local fairground (\"Rummelplatz\") and with little interest in politics.\nIn 2007 the novel was published and nominated for the Leipzig Book Fair Prize. An English translation by Samuel P. Willcocks was published in 2015 by Seagull Books, an imprint of the University of Chicago Press.", "Q2975491": "Alex Goldfarb (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05dc\u05db\u05e1 \u05d2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d3\u05e4\u05e8\u05d1, born 1 June 1947) is a former Israeli politician.", "Q130780": "John R. Gribbin (born 19 March 1946) is a British science writer, an astrophysicist, and a visiting fellow in astronomy at the University of Sussex. His writings include quantum physics, human evolution, climate change, global warming, the origins of the universe, and biographies of famous scientists. He also writes science fiction.", "Q3509946": "S\u00e9bastien Bazin (born 9 November 1961) is a French businessman. He is the chairman and chief executive officer of AccorHotels (Euronext: AC; LSE: 0H59). As CEO of Accor, he has committed to the UN's HeForShe campaign that seeks to promote women's and men's rights by pledging to reach parity in pay and equality between genders by 2020.", "Q378754": "The Church (Italian: La Chiesa) is a 1989 Italian supernatural horror film co-written and directed by Michele Soavi, and produced by Dario Argento with Mario Cecchi Gori and Vittorio Cecchi Gori. It stars Hugh Quarshie, Tomas Arana, Barbara Cupisti, Asia Argento, Feodor Chaliapin, Jr. and Giovanni Lombardo Radice.\nAlthough it was originally conceived as the third installment in the D\u00e8moni series, Soavi insisted the film to be distant from the series, wanting it to be \u201csophisticated\u201d, and re-wrote the screenplay to remove any connection to the series. Filming was primarily shot in the Matthias Church in Budapest, with additional footage filmed at studio sets in Rome and in downtown Hamburg, Germany.", "Q110450": "Walter Marty \"Wally\" Schirra Jr. (, March 12, 1923 \u2013 May 3, 2007), (Captain, USN, Ret.), was an American naval aviator, test pilot, and NASA astronaut. In 1959, he became one of the original seven astronauts chosen for Project Mercury, which was the United States' first effort to put human beings into space. On October 3, 1962, he flew the six-orbit, nine-hour, Mercury-Atlas 8 mission, in a spacecraft he nicknamed Sigma 7. At the time of his mission in Sigma 7, Schirra became the fifth American and ninth human to travel into space. In the two-man Gemini program, he achieved the first space rendezvous, station-keeping his Gemini 6A spacecraft within 1 foot (30 cm) of the sister Gemini 7 spacecraft in December 1965. In October 1968, he commanded Apollo 7, an 11-day low Earth orbit shakedown test of the three-man Apollo Command/Service Module and the first crewed launch for the Apollo program.\nHe was the first astronaut to go into space three times, and the only astronaut to have flown in the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs. In total, Schirra logged 295 hours and 15 minutes in space. After Apollo 7, he retired as a captain from the U.S. Navy as well as from NASA, subsequently becoming a consultant to CBS News in the network's coverage of following Apollo flights. Schirra joined Walter Cronkite as co-anchor for all seven of NASA's Moon landing missions.", "Q282834": "Don Deadric Robey (November 1, 1903 \u2013 June 16, 1975) was an American record label executive, songwriter, and record producer. As the founder of Peacock Records and the eventual owner of Duke Records, he was responsible for developing the careers of many rhythm and blues artists in the 1950s and 1960s.He was notorious for his controversial business practices; he reputedly used criminal means, including violence and intimidation, as part of his business model, though he was held in high regard by some of the musicians who worked for him. He was credited with writing or co-writing many of the songs recorded by Duke/Peacock artists, either under his real name, or under the pseudonym of Deadric Malone. However in many cases, he was merely a publisher and was not involved in the writing. Many other label owners paid little for songs and controlled the publishing, but Robey was one of the few to disguise the real writers, making it nearly impossible to assess who wrote what on Duke, Peacock, Backbeat, and his other labels.", "Q322328": "The Nightmare Before Christmas (also known as Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas) is a 1993 American stop-motion animated musical Halloween-Christmas fantasy film directed by Henry Selick, and produced and conceived by Tim Burton. It tells the story of Jack Skellington, the King of \"Halloween Town\" who stumbles through a portal to \"Christmas Town\" and decides to celebrate the holiday. Danny Elfman wrote the songs and score, and provided the singing voice of Jack. The principal voice cast also includes Chris Sarandon, Catherine O'Hara, William Hickey, Ken Page, Paul Reubens, Glenn Shadix, and Ed Ivory.\nThe Nightmare Before Christmas originated in a poem written by Burton in 1982 while he was working as an animator at Walt Disney Productions. With the success of Vincent in the same year, Burton began to consider developing The Nightmare Before Christmas as either a short film or 30-minute television special to no avail. Over the years, Burton's thoughts regularly returned to the project, and in 1990, he made a development deal with Walt Disney Studios. Production started in July 1991 in San Francisco; Disney released the film through Touchstone Pictures because the studio believed the film would be \"too dark and scary for kids\".The film was met with both critical and financial success, grossing over $76 million during its initial run. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, a first for an animated film. The film has since been reissued by Walt Disney Pictures, and was re-released annually in Disney Digital 3-D from 2006 until 2009, making it the first stop-motion animated feature to be entirely converted to 3D. Since its release, it has garnered a cult following.", "Q189067": "Alyssa Jayne Milano (born December 19, 1972) is an American actress, activist, producer, and singer. She is known for her roles as Samantha Micelli in Who's the Boss?, Jennifer Mancini in Melrose Place, Phoebe Halliwell in Charmed, Billie Cunningham in My Name is Earl, Savannah \"Savi\" Davis in Mistresses, Renata Murphy in Wet Hot American Summer: 10 Years Later, and Coralee Armstrong in Insatiable.", "Q579611": "Haverford College ( HAV-\u0259r-f\u0259rd) is a private liberal arts college in Haverford, Pennsylvania. All students of the college are undergraduates and nearly all reside on campus. The college was founded in 1833 by area members of the Orthodox Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) to ensure an education grounded in Quaker values for young Quaker men. Although the college no longer has a formal religious affiliation, Quaker philosophy still influences campus life.\nOriginally an all-male institution, Haverford began admitting female transfer students in the 1970s and became fully co-educational in 1980. Currently, more than half of Haverford's students are women. For most of the 20th century, Haverford's total enrollment was kept below 300, but the school went through two periods of expansion during and after the 1970s, and its enrollment, as of 2018, was 1,353 students. The college offers Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 31 majors across humanities, social sciences and natural sciences.\nHaverford College is a member of the Tri-College Consortium, which allows students to register for courses at both Bryn Mawr College and Swarthmore College. It is also a member of the Quaker Consortium which allows students to cross-register at the University of Pennsylvania. The college has produced, among others, 4 Nobel Prize recipients, 6 Pulitzer Prize recipients, 20 Rhodes Scholars, and 38 Fulbright Scholars.", "Q365063": "Adolfo Dom\u00ednguez Fern\u00e1ndez (Spanish pronunciation: [a\u02c8\u00f0olfo \u00f0o\u02c8mi\u014b\u0261e\u03b8], born 14 May 1950) is a Spanish fashion designer. In 2014, he won the National Designer Prize. Dominguez studied Philosophy and Arts, specialising in Art at Santiago University.", "Q1907231": "Mason Jennings (born March 19, 1975 in Honolulu) is an American folk-pop singer-songwriter. He is well known for his songwriting and distinctive voice.", "Q882994": "John Griffith McCullough (September 16, 1835 \u2013 May 29, 1915) was an American businessperson and attorney. He was Attorney General of California during the Civil War, and the 49th Governor of Vermont from 1902 to 1904.", "Q37767": "Thomas Stearns Eliot (26 September 1888 \u2013 4 January 1965) was a poet, essayist, publisher, playwright, literary critic and editor. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, to a prominent Boston Brahmin family, he moved to England in 1914 at the age of 25 and went on to settle, work and marry there. He became a British subject in 1927 at the age of 39, subsequently renouncing his American citizenship.Considered one of the 20th century's major poets, Eliot attracted widespread attention for his poem \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\" (1915), which was seen as a masterpiece of the Modernist movement. It was followed by some of the best-known poems in the English language, including \"The Waste Land\" (1922), \"The Hollow Men\" (1925), \"Ash Wednesday\" (1930), and Four Quartets (1943). He was also known for his seven plays, particularly Murder in the Cathedral (1935) and The Cocktail Party (1949). He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948, \"for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry\".", "Q216927": "Kristopher Neil Allen (born June 21, 1985) is an American musician, singer and songwriter from Conway, Arkansas, and the winner of the eighth season of American Idol.Prior to Idol, he self-released a 2007 album, Brand New Shoes.Allen's Idol coronation song, \"No Boundaries\" and his version of \"Heartless\" both charted within the Top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100. Allen's post-Idol self-titled album was released on November 17, 2009, by Jive Records. The album debuted at number eleven on the U.S. Billboard 200. The album's lead single, \"Live Like We're Dying\", was released on September 21, 2009, and peaked at number eighteen in the U.S. with combined sales of over 1.7 million. Allen's second major-label album Thank You Camellia was released on May 22, 2012, and the lead single \"The Vision of Love\" was released March 26, 2012.\nAllen released his fifth studio album, Letting You In, on March 18, 2016.", "Q228611": "Maria Amalia \"Melina\" Mercouri (Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u0391\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \"\u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\" \u039c\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7; 18 October 1920 \u2013 6 March 1994) was a Greek actress, singer, and politician. She received an Academy Award nomination and won a Cannes Film Festival Award for her performance in the 1960 film Never on Sunday. Mercouri was also nominated for three Golden Globes and two BAFTA Awards in her acting career.\nAs a politician, she was a member of the PASOK and the Hellenic Parliament. In October 1981, Mercouri became the first female Minister of Culture and Sports.", "Q1297796": "The N. G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy (Russian: \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041d. \u0413. \u041a\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043e\u0432\u0430) is the main staff college and postgraduate institution for the Russian Navy and is located in Saint Petersburg.\nIn 1827 Admiral Ivan Kruzenshtern initiated an Officers' Class at the Naval Cadet Corps. In 1862 the Class was reorganized into an Academic Course of Maritime Science. In 1877, to mark its fiftieth anniversary, the Class was renamed the Nikolaev Naval Academy (Nikolayevskaya Morskaya Akademiya) and in 1910 was completely detached from the Naval Cadet Corps. The Academy's last pre-revolutionary class was in 1913.\nToward the end of the Soviet era the Academy was named the A. A. Grechko Naval Academy and finally was renamed the N. G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy. It is a postgraduate institution somewhat comparable to the U.S. Naval War College and should not be confused with officer commissioning schools such as the U.S. Naval Academy.\n\n", "Q71732": "J\u00f6rg Friedrich (sometimes spelled Joerg or Jorg in English) (born 17 August 1944 in Kitzb\u00fchel) is a German author and historian. Friedrich is best known for his publication Der Brand (2002), in which he portrays the Allied bombing of civilian targets during World War II as systematic and in many ways pointless mass murder. An English translation, The Fire, was published in 2006 by Columbia University Press and met with widespread critical approval. For example, the New York Times said it \"describes in stark, unrelenting and very literary detail what happened in city after city as the Allies dropped 80 million incendiary bombs on Germany..... There is... an edginess to Friedrich's writing and commentary, an emotional power.\"\nFriedrich was formerly considered a left-wing antiwar activist and described as a student Trotskyist. His books have sold hundreds of thousands of copies in Germany, and some have also been translated into English, Dutch, French and many other languages. He is well connected in German political and military circles and is a friend of former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl. He has published interviews with Rudolf Bahro and Raul Hilberg when their books were published. His new book \"14/18 Der Weg nach Versailles\" focusses on the First World War.\nFor his work The Law of War: The German Army in Russia Friedrich has been awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.", "Q333225": "Frank Hornby (15 May 1863 \u2013 21 September 1936) was an English inventor, businessman and politician. He was a visionary in toy development and manufacture, and although he had no formal engineering training, he was responsible for the invention and production of three of the most popular lines of toys based on engineering principles in the 20th century: Meccano, Hornby Model Railways and Dinky Toys. He also founded the British toy company Meccano Ltd in 1908, and launched a monthly publication, Meccano Magazine in 1916.\nHornby's inventions and initiatives made him a millionaire in the 1930s, and he entered politics in 1931 when he was elected as a Conservative MP for the Everton constituency. Hornby's legacy has persisted long after his death with enthusiasts all over the world still building Meccano models and collecting his toys. The 150th anniversary of Hornby's birth was celebrated in Liverpool and Brighton on 15 May 2013.", "Q39992": "Clare Maree Bowen (born 12 May 1984) is an Australian actress and singer, best known for her role as Scarlett O'Connor in the ABC/CMT musical-drama television series Nashville.", "Q304489": "Constantino \"Paul\" Castellano (Italian: [kastel\u02c8la\u02d0no]; June 26, 1915 \u2013 December 16, 1985), also known as \"The Howard Hughes of the Mob\" and \"Big Paulie\" (or \"PC\" to his family), was an American crime boss who succeeded Carlo Gambino as head of the Gambino crime family. Castellano was killed in an unsanctioned assassination on December 16, 1985, ordered by John Gotti, who subsequently became boss.", "Q238402": "Katherine Esther Jackson (n\u00e9e Scruse, born Kattie B. Screws; May 4, 1930) is the matriarch of the Jackson family.", "Q282820": "Bernard \"Bernie\" Hamilton (June 12, 1928 \u2013 December 30, 2008) was an American actor.", "Q67144": "Stefan Klein (born October 5, 1965) is a physicist, author, essayist and visiting professor at Berlin University of the Arts\n\n. \nHe is best known for his books The Science of Happiness and Time: A User's Guide.\n His works have been translated into 25 languages and became best sellers in many countries.\n\n", "Q184": "Belarus (; Belarusian: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u044c, IPA: [b\u02b2\u025bla\u02c8rus\u02b2]), officially the Republic of Belarus (Belarusian: \u0420\u044d\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u044c, Russian: \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u044c), formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia (Russian: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) is forested. Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.\nIn the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution, different states arose competing for legitimacy amidst the Civil War, ultimately ending in the rise of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (Byelorussian SSR) which became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922. Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish\u2013Soviet War of 1919\u20131921. Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939, when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland, and were finalized after World War II. During WWII, military operations devastated Belarus, which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources. The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years. In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations, along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR. The parliament of the republic proclaimed the sovereignty of Belarus on 27 July 1990, and during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Belarus declared independence on 25 August 1991. In 2000, Belarus and Russia signed a treaty for greater cooperation, forming the Union State.\nAlexander Lukashenko has served as the country's first president since 1994. Belarus has been labeled \"Europe's last dictatorship\" by some Western journalists, on account of Lukashenko's self-described authoritarian style of government. Lukashenko continued a number of Soviet-era policies, such as state ownership of large sections of the economy. Elections under Lukashenko's rule have been widely criticized as unfair; and according to many countries and organizations, political opposition has been violently suppressed. Belarus is also the last country in Europe using the death penalty. Belarus's Democracy Index rating is the lowest in Europe, the country is labelled as \"not free\" by Freedom House, as \"repressed\" in the Index of Economic Freedom, and is rated as by far the worst country for press freedom in Europe in the 2013\u201314 Press Freedom Index published by Reporters Without Borders, which ranks Belarus 157th out of 180 nations.Over 70% of Belarus's population of 9.49 million resides in urban areas. More than 80% of the population is ethnic Belarusian, with sizable minorities of Russians, Poles and Ukrainians. Since a referendum in 1995, the country has had two official languages: Belarusian and Russian. The Constitution of Belarus does not declare any official religion, although the primary religion in the country is Eastern Orthodox Christianity. The second-most widespread religion, Roman Catholicism, has a much smaller following; nevertheless, Belarus celebrates both Orthodox and Catholic versions of Christmas and Easter as national holidays. Belarus is a member of the United Nations since its founding, the Commonwealth of Independent States, CSTO, EEU, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Belarus has shown no aspirations for joining the European Union but nevertheless maintains a bilateral relationship with the organisation, and likewise participates in two EU projects: the Eastern Partnership and the Baku Initiative.\n\n", "Q68277": "Buchs is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Werdenberg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It lies on the border with Liechtenstein. Buchs officially became a town (German: Stadt) in 2002.", "Q1054765": "Kadokawa Shoten (\u89d2\u5ddd\u66f8\u5e97), formerly the Kadokawa Shoten Publishing Co., Ltd. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u89d2\u5ddd\u66f8\u5e97, Kabushiki gaisha Kadokawa Shoten), is a Japanese publisher and division of Kadokawa Future Publishing based in Tokyo, Japan. It became an internal division of Kadokawa Corporation on October 1, 2013. Kadokawa publishes manga, light novels, manga anthology magazines such as Monthly Asuka and Monthly Sh\u014dnen Ace, and entertainment magazines such as Newtype. Since its founding, Kadokawa has expanded into the multimedia sector, namely in video games (as Kadokawa Games) and in live-action and animated films (as Kadokawa Pictures).", "Q560354": "David \"Honeyboy\" Edwards (June 28, 1915 \u2013 August 29, 2011) was a Delta blues guitarist and singer from Mississippi.", "Q464640": "Eusebi G\u00fcell i Bacigalupi, 1st Count of G\u00fcell (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0259w\u02c8z\u025b\u03b2i \u02c8\u0263we\u028e]; 15 December 1846 - 8 July 1918) was a Spanish entrepreneur who profited greatly from the industrial revolution in Catalonia in the late 19th century. He married Luisa Isabel Lopez y Bru \u2014a daughter of Antonio L\u00f3pez y L\u00f3pez first Marquis of Comillas, in 1871 and the couple had ten children. One of G\u00fcell's daughters, Isabel G\u00fcell i L\u00f3pez, became a noted composer.", "Q18790": "The Legend of Korra is an American animated television series created by Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino for Nickelodeon that aired from April 14, 2012 to December 19, 2014. A sequel to Konietzko and DiMartino's previous series Avatar: The Last Airbender, which aired from 2005 to 2008, the series is animated in a style strongly influenced by anime with most of the animation being done by Studio Mir of South Korea and some by Pierrot Co. of Japan.\nAs with its predecessor, the series is set in a fictional universe in which some people can manipulate, or \"bend\", the elements of water, earth, fire, or air. Only one person, the \"Avatar,\" can bend all four elements, and is responsible for maintaining balance in the world. The series follows Avatar Korra, the successor of Aang from the previous series, as she faces political and spiritual unrest in a modernizing world.\nThe main characters are voiced by Janet Varney, Seychelle Gabriel, David Faustino, P. J. Byrne, J. K. Simmons and Mindy Sterling, and supporting voice actors include Aubrey Plaza, John Michael Higgins, Lisa Edelstein, Steve Blum, Eva Marie Saint, Henry Rollins, Anne Heche and Zelda Williams. Several people involved in the creation of Avatar: The Last Airbender (such as designer Joaquim Dos Santos, writer Tim Hedrick and composers Jeremy Zuckerman and Benjamin Wynn) returned to work on The Legend of Korra. \nThe Legend of Korra ran for 52 episodes, separated into four seasons (\"books\"). The series has been continued as a comics series.\nLike its predecessor, The Legend of Korra received critical acclaim, drawing favorable comparisons with the HBO series Game of Thrones and the works of Hayao Miyazaki. It has been praised for its writing and production values. The series has been nominated for and won awards from the Annie Awards, a Daytime Emmy Award, and a Gracie Award. The series was also praised for addressing sociopolitical issues such as social unrest and terrorism, as well as for going beyond the established boundaries of youth entertainment with respect to issues of race, gender and sexual orientation.", "Q39986": "Janina Zione Gavankar (; born November 29, 1980) is an American actress and musician. Gavankar is also trained as a pianist, vocalist, and orchestral percussionist. She majored in Theatre Performance at the University of Illinois at Chicago.Gavankar's roles include a police officer on The Gates; Ms. Dewey, the personification of a Microsoft branded search engine who commented on the user's searches; Shiva, the namesake of the sought-after trophy on The League; shapeshifter Luna Garza on HBO's True Blood; McKenna Hall on The CW's Arrow; and Meredith Bose on NBC's The Mysteries of Laura. She also played Diana Thomas on FOX's supernatural drama Sleepy Hollow.", "Q333231": "Nigel Nicolson (19 January 1917 \u2013 23 September 2004) was an English writer, publisher and politician.", "Q185891": "Phillip George Vassar Jr. (born May 28, 1964) is an American country music artist. Vassar made his debut on the country music scene in the late 1990s, co-writing singles for several country artists, including Tim McGraw (\"For a Little While\", \"My Next Thirty Years\"), Jo Dee Messina (\"Bye, Bye\", \"I'm Alright\"), Collin Raye (\"Little Red Rodeo\"), and Alan Jackson (\"Right on the Money\"). In 1999, he was named by American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) as Country Songwriter of the Year.\nLater that same year, Vassar was signed to Arista Nashville as a recording artist. His debut album, Phil Vassar, was released in early 2000, producing five hits on the U.S. Billboard country singles charts and earning a gold certification in the United States. He followed it in 2002 with American Child, Shaken Not Stirred in 2004, and finally Greatest Hits, Vol. 1 in 2006 before Vassar left the label for Universal South Records (now Show Dog-Universal Music). His first album for that label, Prayer of a Common Man, was released in early 2008. He has charted nineteen singles on Billboard's Hot Country Songs, including two which peaked at No. 1: 2000's \"Just Another Day in Paradise\" and 2004's \"In a Real Love\".", "Q55690": "Prahlad Keshav Atre (pronunciation ) (13 August 1898 \u2013 13 June 1969), popularly known as \u0100ch\u0101rya Atre, was a prominent Marathi writer, poet, educationist, founder\u2013editor of Maratha (a Marathi language newspaper), and above all, a noted orator.\n\n", "Q106226": "Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (22 March 1902 \u2013 23/24 April 1945) was a member of the German anti-Nazi resistance. He was executed in the aftermath of the failure of the 20 July plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.\nThe von Guttenberg family originates back to 1149 in Franconia (northern part of Bavaria) in the southern part of Germany. Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg studied law and history in Munich and graduated in 1929. In that year he married Therese, Princess Schwarzenberg. They had two daughters and one son.\n\nKarl Ludwig von Guttenberg was a Catholic monarchist who started publishing the White Papers; Journals on History, Tradition and State (formerly called Monarchy) in 1934. Amongst its authors were Reinhold Schneider, Jochen Klepper, Ulrich von Hassell and Werner Bergengruen. The White Papers (in German: \"Wei\u00dfe Bl\u00e4tter\") soon became an important organ and also a meeting place, through their publishers many various contacts, for the conservative opposition against the Nazi regime under Hitler. Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg first introduced Carl Goerdeler and Ulrich von Hassell to each other in 1939.\nIn 1941, von Guttenberg was ordered to work in counterintelligence at the Foreign Affairs Office in Berlin through the help of Ludwig Beck. There, von Guttenberg worked under Admiral Wilhelm Canaris and belonged to the circle around Hans von Dohnanyi, Justus Delbr\u00fcck, and Hans Oster.\nAfter the failure of the assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler on 20 July 1944, von Guttenberg was arrested by the Gestapo and interrogated under torture, apparently without result and he revealed no names of members of the resistance.\nIn the night between the 23 and 24 of April in 1945, Karl Ludwig von und zu Guttenberg was murdered by order of Gestapo chief Heinrich M\u00fcller.The late politician and anti-Nazi resistance activist Karl Theodor Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg was his nephew and the latter's son Enoch zu Guttenberg was a conductor and father of politician and businessman Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg.", "Q33515": "See also Stanis\u0142aw Albrecht Radziwi\u0142\u0142.Stanis\u0142aw \"the Pious\" Radziwi\u0142\u0142 (Lithuanian: Stanislovas Radvila II) (May 12, 1559 \u2013 March 19, 1599) was a sixth generation Radziwill family noble (szlachcic) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was a general starost (elder) of the Duchy of Samogitia (Samaiten, from 1595 until his death), a first ordynat of Olyka, and the Great Lithuanian Marshal (from 1592 until his death).\nHe was the son of Miko\u0142aj \"the Black\" Radziwi\u0142\u0142 and El\u017cbieta Szyd\u0142owiecka. Raised as a Calvinist, he converted to Roman Catholicism and was known as a very pious person, which gained him the nickname Pobo\u017cny (Pious). He was also known for his scholarly interests - he collected books and could read in many languages. He avoided politics, but fought in the wars with Muscovy under the Polish king Stefan Batory. He built most of the Olyka Castle.\n\n", "Q1576727": "Hans-Andr\u00e9 Stamm is a German organist and freelance composer who lives in Leverkusen, near Cologne, in Germany.\n\n", "Q1277110": "Earl Charles Barrington May (September 17, 1927 - January 4, 2008) was an American jazz bassist. He was \"one of the most prodigious and prolific bassists of the postwar era\".", "Q176919": "Severino Di Giovanni (17 March 1901 \u2013 1 February 1931) was an Italian anarchist who immigrated to Argentina, where he became the best-known anarchist figure in that country for his campaign of violence in support of Sacco and Vanzetti and antifascism.", "Q1494": "Mississippi ( (listen)) is a state located in the Deep South region of the United States. Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 34th-most populous of the 50 United States. Mississippi is bordered to the north by Tennessee, to the east by Alabama, to the south by the Gulf of Mexico, to the southwest by Louisiana, and to the northwest by Arkansas. Mississippi's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River. Jackson is both the state's capital and largest city. Greater Jackson, with an estimated population of 580,166 in 2018, is the most populous metropolitan area in Mississippi and the 95th-most populous in the United States.\nOn December 10, 1817, Mississippi became the 20th state admitted to the Union. By 1860, Mississippi was the nation's top cotton producing state and enslaved persons accounted for 55% of the state population. Mississippi declared its secession from the Union on March 23, 1861, and was one of the seven original Confederate States. Following the Civil War, it was restored to the Union on February 23, 1870.Until the Great Migration of the 1930s, African Americans were a majority of Mississippi's population. Mississippi was the site of many prominent events during the American Civil Rights movement, including the 1962 Ole Miss riots, the 1963 assassination of Medgar Evers, and the 1964 Freedom Summer murders. Mississippi frequently ranks low among states in measures of health, education, and development, and high in measures of poverty. In 2010, 37.3% of Mississippi's population was African American, the highest percentage for any state.\nMississippi is almost entirely within the Gulf coastal plain, and generally consists of lowland plains and low hills. The northwest remainder of the state consists of the Mississippi Delta, a section of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. Mississippi's highest point is Woodall Mountain at 807 feet (246 m) above sea level adjacent to the Cumberland Plateau; the lowest is the Gulf of Mexico. Mississippi has a humid subtropical climate classification.", "Q74886": "Burghart Klau\u00dfner (born 13 September 1949) is a German film actor. He has appeared in 50 films since 1983. He has also narrated many audiobooks, including Ian McEwan's Solar, and several Ferdinand von Schirach novels.", "Q274608": "Catherine Robbe-Grillet (French: [\u0281\u0254b \u0261\u0281i.j\u025b]; n\u00e9e Rstakian; born 24 September 1930) is a French writer, dominatrix, photographer, theatre and film actress of Armenian descent who has published sadomasochistic writings under the pseudonyms Jean de Berg and Jeanne de Berg.", "Q7395569": "Saad bin Abdulaziz (1915 \u2013 23 July 1993) was a former governor of 'Asir and a member of House of Saud. He was also a former chairman of royal family council of Al Saud. The Council was created to look after the members of the Saudi royal family and was not related to any political issues. The current chairman is King Salman bin Abdulaziz.", "Q743521": "Scarborough () is a town on the North Sea coast of North Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, the town lies between 10\u2013230 feet (3\u201370 m) above sea level, rising steeply northward and westward from the harbour on to limestone cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour and is protected by a rocky headland.\nWith a population of just over 61,000, Scarborough is the largest holiday resort on the Yorkshire coast. The town has fishing and service industries, including a growing digital and creative economy, as well as being a tourist destination. People who live in the town are known as Scarborians.", "Q111982": "Andrei Alekseyevich Soldatov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, born 4 October 1975 in Moscow, Russia) is a Russian investigative journalist and Russian security services expert. Together with a journalist Irina Borogan he is a co-founder and editor of the Agentura.Ru website.\n\n", "Q456194": "Sidney Luckman (November 21, 1916 \u2013 July 5, 1998) was an American football quarterback for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) from 1939 through 1950. During his 12 seasons with the Bears he led them to four NFL championships (1940, 1941, 1943, and 1946).\nSportswriter Ira Berkow wrote that Luckman was \"the first great T-formation quarterback\", and he is considered the greatest long-range passer of his time. He was named the NFL's Most Valuable Player in 1943. Luckman was also a 3\u00d7 NFL All-Star (1940\u201342), 5\u00d7 First-team All-Pro (1941\u201344, 1947), Second-Team All-Pro (1946), 3\u00d7 NFL passing yards leader (1943, 1945, and 1946), 3\u00d7 NFL passing touchdowns leader (1943, 1945, and 1946), 3\u00d7 NFL passer rating leader (1941, 1943, and 1946), named to the NFL 1940s All-Decade Team, had his Chicago Bears No. 42 retired, and tied the NFL record of 7 touchdown passes in a game.\nLuckman was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965, and in 1988 he was declared a joint winner of the Walter Camp Distinguished American Award. Following his retirement from playing, Luckman continued his association with football by tutoring college coaches, focusing on the passing aspect of the game.", "Q235132": "Emilia Isobel Euphemia Rose Clarke (born 23 October 1986) is an English actress. She studied at the Drama Centre London, appearing in a number of stage productions, including one by the Company of Angels. Her television debut came with a guest appearance in an episode of the British medical soap opera Doctors in 2009. The following year, she was named as one of the \"UK Stars of Tomorrow\" by Screen International magazine for her role in the Syfy film Triassic Attack (2010).\nClarke rose to prominence for her breakthrough role as Daenerys Targaryen in the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones (2011\u20132019). The role has garnered her critical acclaim, international recognition, and several accolades, including four Primetime Emmy Award nominations. Three were for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, with the fourth nomination being for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2019.\nClarke made her Broadway debut as Holly Golightly in a production of Breakfast at Tiffany's in 2013 in addition to a West End production of The Seagull in 2020. Her film roles include Sarah Connor in the science fiction film Terminator Genisys (2015) and Qi'ra in the Star Wars film Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018). She has also starred in the romantic films Me Before You (2016) and Last Christmas (2019). In 2018, she was honoured by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts with the British Artist of the Year award. Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2019.", "Q25411": "Helsingborg (, US also , Swedish: [h\u025bls\u026a\u014b\u02c8b\u0254rj] (listen), Danish: [helse\u031d\u014b\u02c8p\u0252\u02c0]; spelled H\u00e4lsingborg between 1912 and 1970) is a town and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Scania, Sweden. It had 108,334 inhabitants in 2017. Helsingborg is the centre of the northern part of western Scania and Sweden's closest point to Denmark: the Danish city Helsing\u00f8r is clearly visible about 4 km (2 mi) to the west on the other side of the \u00d8resund. The HH Ferry route across the sound has more than 70 car ferry departures from each harbour every day.Following the Swedish orthography reform of 1906 the spelling of many place names in Sweden was modernized. In 1912 it was decided to use the form H\u00e4lsingborg. In preparation for the local government reform in 1971, H\u00e4lsingborg city council proposed that the new, enlarged municipality should be spelled Helsingborg; this form was adopted by the government of Sweden from 1 January 1971.\nHistoric Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress (K\u00e4rnan) in the city centre, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan, the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.\n\n", "Q182640": "Ta'if (Arabic: \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0641\u064f\u200e; a\u1e6d-\u1e6c\u0101\u02beif) is a city in Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, at an elevation of 1,879 m (6,165 ft) on the slopes of the Sarawat Mountains (Al-Sarawat Mountains). It has a population of 1,200,000 people, is the 5th largest city in Saudi Arabia and the unofficial summer capital. The city is the center of an agricultural area known for its grapes, pomegranate, figs, roses and honey. Taif is well known as the \"City of Roses\" and the best summer destination in Saudi Arabia as it enjoys a nice weather during summer.", "Q74138": "Cheang Pou-Soi (Chinese: \u912d\u4fdd\u745e; Jyutping: zeng6 bou2 seoi6; born 11 July 1972) is a Hong Kong film director, assistant director, screenwriter, script supervisor, actor and producer.", "Q88383": "Karl Ludwig Pfau (August 25, 1821 \u2013 April 12, 1894) was a German poet, journalist, and revolutionary. He was born in Heilbronn and died, aged 72, in Stuttgart.", "Q321153": "Greil Marcus (born June 19, 1945) is an American author, music journalist and cultural critic. He is notable for producing scholarly and literary essays that place rock music in a broader framework of culture and politics.", "Q705212": "Kim Ok (\uae40\uc625; born 28 August 1964) is a former North Korean government employee who served as Kim Jong-il's personal secretary from the 1980s until his death. After the death of Ko Yong-hui in August 2004, she regularly met with foreign officials as de facto first lady, and was rumored to be his fourth wife.", "Q638187": "Lafayette ( LAH-fee-ET, LAF-ee-ET) is a city in and the county seat of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States, located 63 miles (101 km) northwest of Indianapolis and 105 miles (169 km) southeast of Chicago. West Lafayette, on the other side of the Wabash River, is home to Purdue University, which contributes significantly to both communities. Together, Lafayette and West Lafayette form the core of the Lafayette, Indiana Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nAccording to the 2010 United States Census, the population of Lafayette was 67,140, roughly a 19% increase from 56,397 in 2000. Meanwhile, the 2010 U.S. Census pegged the year-round (excluding Purdue University students) population of West Lafayette at 29,596 and the Tippecanoe County population at 172,780.Lafayette was founded in 1825 on the south/east bank of the Wabash River near where the river becomes impassable for riverboats upstream, though a French fort and trading post had existed since 1717 on the opposite bank and three miles downstream. It was named for the French general Marquis de Lafayette, a revolutionary war hero.", "Q4524867": "Mikail O. Shishkhanov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0438\u0448\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432) is a Russian businessman and financier.\nShishkhanov is the majority shareholder (59, 4%) of B&N Bank (Public Joint-Stock Company) and the co-owner of the B&N non-state pension capital fund \u201cSAFMAR\u201d (100% affiliated with B&N Bank), European pension fund, private pension fund \u201cDoverie\u201d, private pension fund \u201cObrazovanie i nauka\u201d and private pension fund \u201cRegionfond\u201d) jointly with the members of Gutseriev family. He has five children, four daughters, most are anonymous except for one, Nicole Shishkhanova, born on the 7th of April 1997, who has once performed in the Russian \u2018Tatler Ball.\u2019 On the 27th of July in 2000, he had his first and only son Albert Shishkhanov who is presumed to carry on his fathers legacy in the near future.\nShishkhanov is also the co-owner of the leading development companies. (INTECO Russian corporate site, Private joint-stock company \u201cPatriot\u201d (total shareholding is 95%) and, Joint-stock company \u201cMospromstroy\u201d).", "Q275270": "Tricia O'Neil (born March 11, 1945) is an American actress.", "Q72549": "Vanessa Jung (born 29 February 1980 in Munich, Germany) is a German actress.\nAfter school she went to New York City and had a professional acting training. Before, she had a modern dance training in Munich.\nAt the age of fifteen, she got a role in the soap opera So ist das Leben!. Vanessa played the contract role of Lena Wagenfeld until the show got canceled one year later.\nIn 2005, she took over the role of Jana von Lahnstein in the soap opera Verbotene Liebe and stayed with the show for three years; leaving in February 2008. A year later, Vanessa took the recurring role of Karla M\u00fcller in the telenovela Sturm der Liebe. In August 2010, the actress appeared in Marienhof for a three-episode-stint as Elvira Schnier.\nFrom October 2010 to September 2011, Vanessa played one of the main roles, music teacher Beate Vogel, in the Sat.1 soap opera Hand aufs Herz, which reunites her with former Verbotene Liebe co-star Andreas Jancke.", "Q52699": "Ch\u00e2teau-d'\u0152x (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0283\u0251to d\u025b]) is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is in the district of Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut.", "Q65035": "Friedrich Gundolf, born Friedrich Leopold Gundelfinger (20 July 1880 \u2013 12 July 1931) was a German-Jewish literary scholar and poet and one of the best known academics of the Weimar Republic.", "Q327522": "Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford, (29 September 1866 \u2013 11 August 1930), also known as Ekra-Agiman, was a Gold Coast journalist, editor, author, lawyer, educator, and politician who supported pan-African nationalism.\n\n", "Q948045": "Santa Fe Springs is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. It is one of the Gateway Cities of southeast Los Angeles County. The population was 16,223 at the 2010 census, down from 17,438 at the 2000 census.", "Q41183": "Aleppo (; Arabic: \ufea3\u064e\ufee0\u064e\ufe90\u200e / ALA-LC: \u1e24alab, IPA: [\u02c8\u0127alab]; French: Alep) is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous Syrian governorate. With an official population of 4.6 million in 2010, Aleppo was the largest Syrian city before the Syrian Civil War; however, it is now the second-largest city in Syria, after the capital Damascus.Aleppo is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world; it may have been inhabited since the 6th millennium BC. Excavations at Tell as-Sawda and Tell al-Ansari, just south of the old city of Aleppo, show that the area was occupied by Amorites by the latter part of the 3rd millennium BC. That is also the time at which Aleppo is first mentioned in cuneiform tablets unearthed in Ebla and Mesopotamia, which speak of it as part of the Amorite state of Yamhad, and note its commercial and military proficiency. Such a long history is attributed to its strategic location as a trading center midway between the Mediterranean Sea and Mesopotamia.\nFor centuries, Aleppo was the largest city in the Syrian region, and the Ottoman Empire's third-largest after Constantinople and Cairo. The city's significance in history has been its location at one end of the Silk Road, which passed through Central Asia and Mesopotamia. When the Suez Canal was inaugurated in 1869, much trade was diverted to sea and Aleppo began its slow decline. At the fall of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, Aleppo lost its northern hinterland to modern Turkey, as well as the important Baghdad Railway connecting it to Mosul. In the 1940s it lost its main access to the sea, Antakya and \u0130skenderun, likewise to Turkey. Finally, the isolation of Syria in the past few decades further exacerbated the situation. This decline may have helped to preserve the old city of Aleppo, its medieval architecture and traditional heritage. It won the title of the \"Islamic Capital of Culture 2006\", and has had a wave of successful restorations of its historic landmarks. The Battle of Aleppo (2012\u20132016) occurred in the city during the Syrian Civil War, and many parts of the city suffered massive destruction. Affected parts of the city are currently undergoing reconstruction.While the exact numbers of the civilian death toll in Syria between 2012 and 2016 are unclear, because the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UN Human Rights) was restricted in its monitoring, the United Nations (UN) estimated that thousands of people were killed.", "Q180057": "Lincoln is a cathedral city and county town of Lincolnshire in the East Midlands of England. The non-metropolitan district of Lincoln had a 2012 population of 94,600. The 2011 census gave the urban area of Lincoln, which includes North Hykeham and Waddington, a population of 130,200. Roman Lindum Colonia developed from an Iron Age settlement on the River Witham. The city's landmarks include Lincoln Cathedral, an example of English Gothic architecture and the tallest building in the world for over 200 years, and the 11th-century Norman Lincoln Castle. The city is home to the University of Lincoln and Bishop Grosseteste University, and to Lincoln City FC and Lincoln United FC.", "Q885989": "Joseph Blaine Johnson (August 29, 1893 \u2013 October 25, 1986) was an American politician who served as the 70th Governor of the state of Vermont from 1955 to 1959.", "Q1648671": "Robert Louis Mouton (October 20, 1892 \u2013 November 26, 1956) was a U.S. Representative from Louisiana.\nBorn in Duchamp in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana, Mouton moved with his parents to Lafayette, where he attended public schools. He graduated from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, then known as Southwestern Louisiana Institute. He was employed as a clerk in a bank in 1911 and 1912. He served as member of the faculty of St. Charles College in Grand Coteau from 1912 to 1914. He engaged in the insurance business and also operated a night school at Lafayette in 1915 and 1916. He served as aide to the general receiver of customs on the island of Haiti, in 1916 and as collector of customs at Gonaives, Haiti, from March 1917 to April 1919. During World War I, Mouton enlisted in the United States Marine Corps, serving as an interpreter and intelligence officer attached to the first squadron of the first marine aviation outfit overseas from May 1918 to January 1919.\nAfter the war, he returned to Lafayette and engaged in horticultural pursuits. He served as mayor of Lafayette from 1919\u20131927 and 1931\u20131936. Mouton was postmaster from May 1929 until his resignation in November 1930. He served as member of the United States Marine Corps Reserve, with rank of captain. He was a delegate to the 1936 Democratic National Convention.\nMouton was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fifth and Seventy-sixth Congresses (January 3, 1937 \u2013 January 3, 1941). He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1940, having lost the party primary to James Domengeaux. He then resumed his horticultural and real estate interests. He died in New Orleans on November 26, 1956. He was interred at St. John's Catholic Cemetery, Lafayette.\n\n", "Q556180": "Jean-Marc Savelli (born 18 October 1955) is a French pianist. He has been publicly known for his interpretations of works by Franz Liszt, Frederic Chopin, the classical repertoire of Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven, as well as the impressionist repertoire of Claude Debussy.", "Q189715": "Courbevoie (French pronunciation: \u200b[ku\u0281.b\u0259.vwa]) is a commune located in the Hauts-de-Seine Department of the \u00cele-de-France region of France. It is in the suburbs of the city of Paris, 8.2 km (5.1 mi) from the center of Paris. The centre of Courbevoie is situated 2 kilometres from the city limits of Paris.\nLa D\u00e9fense, a business district hosting the tallest buildings in the metropolitan area, spreads over the southern part of Courbevoie (as well as parts of Puteaux and Nanterre).", "Q849429": "Underworld are a British electronic music group formed in 1980 in Cardiff, Wales and the principal name of Karl Hyde and Rick Smith recording together. Prominent former members include Darren Emerson, from 1991 to 2001, and Darren Price, as part of the live band from 2005 to 2016.\nAfter performing as a funk and synth-pop band, resulting in two albums between 1988 and 1989, Underworld gained prominence, after reshaping in 1993, into the progressive house and techno band and releasing seven subsequent albums, including Dubnobasswithmyheadman (1994), Second Toughest in the Infants (1996), and the 1996 single \"Born Slippy .NUXX\". Known for visual style and dynamic live performances, Underworld have influenced a wide range of artists and been featured in soundtracks and scores for films, television, and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.", "Q1911321": "Maurice Frydman (Maurycy Frydman or Maurycy Frydman-Mor in Polish), aka Swami Bharatananda (1901 in Warsaw, Russian Empire \u2013 9 March 1977 in India), was an engineer and humanitarian who spent the later part of his life in India. He lived at the ashram of Mahatma Gandhi and took an active part in India's fight for independence\u2014notably in helping to draft a new constitution for the State of Aundh that became the Aundh Experiment. He was a Polish Jew who subsequently converted to Hinduism.", "Q463891": "Virginia Apgar (June 7, 1909 \u2013 August 7, 1974) was an American obstetrical anesthesiologist, best known as the inventor of the Apgar Score, a way to quickly assess the health of a newborn child immediately after birth in order to combat infant mortality. She was a leader in the fields of anesthesiology and teratology, and introduced obstetrical considerations to the established field of neonatology.", "Q114144": "Andreas Okopenko (15 March 1930, Ko\u0161ice \u2013 27 June 2010, Vienna) was an Austrian writer.\nAndreas Okopenko's father was a Ukrainian physician and his mother was Austrian. From 1939, the family lived in Vienna. After studying chemistry at the University of Vienna Okopenko was active in the industry. Starting from 1950 he dedicated himself increasingly to the literature. From 1951 to 1953, he created a literature magazine, in which he published works by numerous members of the Austrian avant-garde of that time. From 1968 until his death he lived as a freelance writer in Vienna.\nOkopenko was, from 1973 to 1985, a member of the Grazer author meeting and from 1999 until his death he was a member of the Austrian art senate.", "Q26118": "John Edward Hawkins, CBE (14 September 1910 \u2013 18 July 1973) was an English actor who worked on stage and in film from the 1930s until the 1970s. One of the most popular British film stars of the 1950s, he was best known for his portrayal of military men.", "Q78702": "Count Alexander Konstantin Albrecht von Mensdorff-Pouilly, 1st Prince von Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg (German: Alexander Konstantin Albrecht Graf von Mensdorff-Pouilly, 1. F\u00fcrst von Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg; 4 August 1813 in Coburg \u2013 14 February 1871) was an Austrian general, diplomat and politician, including two years as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1864\u201366) and one month's service as Minister-President of Austria. He was a first cousin of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, as their mothers were sisters.", "Q74110": "Lawrence Edmund Spivak (June 11, 1900 \u2013 March 9, 1994) was an American publisher and journalist who was best known as the co-founder, producer and host of the prestigious public affairs program Meet the Press. He and journalist Martha Rountree founded the program as promotion for Spivak's magazine, The American Mercury, and it became the longest-running continuous network series in television history. During his 28 years as panelist and moderator of Meet the Press, Spivak was known for his pointed questioning of policy makers.", "Q946040": "The National Party of Australia, also known as The Nationals or The Nats, is an Australian political party. Traditionally representing graziers, farmers, and rural voters generally, it began as the Australian Country Party in 1920 at a federal level. It would later briefly adopt the name National Country Party in 1975, before adopting its current name in 1982.\nFederally, and in New South Wales, and to an extent in Victoria and historically in Western Australia, it has in government been the minor party in a centre-right Coalition with the Liberal Party of Australia, and its leader has usually served as Deputy Prime Minister. In Opposition the Coalition was usually maintained, but otherwise still generally continued to work in co-operation with the Liberal Party of Australia (and their predecessors the Nationalist Party of Australia and United Australia Party). In Queensland however, they were the senior coalition party between 1925 and 2008, after which they merged with the junior Liberal Party of Australia to form the Liberal National Party (LNP).\nDespite taking a conservative position politically, the National Party has long pursued agrarian socialist economic policies. Ensuring support for farmers either through government grants and subsidies or through community appeals is a major focus of National Party policy. The unusual hybrid of welfare and free market attitudes that characterise the party has led to it being often accused of seeking to privatise profits and socialise costs for the agricultural and mining sectors.The current leader of the National Party is Michael McCormack, who won a leadership spill following Barnaby Joyce's resignation in February 2018. The most recent deputy leader of the Nationals, from 7 December 2017 until her resignation due to acting with a conflict of interest on 2 February 2020, was Bridget McKenzie.\n\n", "Q291874": "Ayda Field (born Ayda Sabahat Evecan, May 17, 1979) is an American film and television actress.\nSince 2015, she has been a regular panellist on the television show Loose Women in the United Kingdom. During 2018, she featured on the judging panel of the British version of The X Factor, alongside her husband, singer Robbie Williams.", "Q126860": "Ivo G\u00f6nner (born 18 February 1952 in Laupheim) is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and was Lord Mayor of Ulm from 1992 until 29 February 2016.\nHis father was a pharmacist. He grew up in Laupheim, studied jurisprudence in Heidelberg and worked as a lawyer until 1992 when he became Lord Mayor of Ulm, succeeding Ernst Ludwig (CDU). In 1999 und 2007 he was re-elected. On 29 February 2016 he gave his position to Gunter Czisch (CDU). On 23 April 2016 he received from Minister-president Winfried Kretschmann the Order of Merit of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.\nHe is married to the journalist Susanne Schwarzkopf-G\u00f6nner and has two children.\n\n", "Q232113": "Anna Karina (born Hanne Karin Bayer, 22 September 1940 \u2013 14 December 2019) was a Danish-French film avant garde actress, director, writer, and singer. She rose to prominence as French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godard's muse in the 1960s, performing in several of his films, including The Little Soldier, A Woman Is a Woman, My Life to Live, Bande \u00e0 part (Band of Outsiders), Pierrot le Fou (Crazy Pete) and Alphaville. For her performance in A Woman Is a Woman, Karina won the Silver Bear Award for Best Actress at the Berlin Film Festival.In 1972, Karina set up a production company for her directorial debut, Vivre ensemble (1973), which screened in the Critics' Week lineup at the 26th Cannes Film Festival. She also directed the French-Canadian film Victoria (2008). In addition to her work in cinema, she worked as a singer, and wrote several novels.Karina is often considered an icon of 1960s cinema, and referred to as the \"effervescent free spirit of the French New Wave, with all of the scars that the position entails\". The New York Times described her as \"one of the screen's great beauties and an enduring symbol of the French New Wave.\"", "Q185107": "Carlos Sa\u00fal Menem (born July 2, 1930) is an Argentine politician who was President of Argentina from 8 July 1989 to 10 December 1999. He has been a Senator for La Rioja Province since 10 December 2005.\nBorn in Anillaco, Menem became a Peronist during a visit to Buenos Aires. He led the party in his home province of La Rioja, and was elected governor in 1973. He was deposed and detained during the 1976 Argentine coup d'\u00e9tat, and was elected governor again in 1983. He defeated the Buenos Aires governor Antonio Cafiero in the primary elections for the 1989 presidential elections, which he won. Hyperinflation forced outgoing president Ra\u00fal Alfons\u00edn to resign early, shortening the presidential transition.\nMenem supported the Washington Consensus, and tackled inflation with the Convertibility plan in 1991. The plan was complemented by a series of privatizations, and was a success. Argentina re-established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom, suspended since the 1982 Falklands War, and developed special relations with the United States. The country suffered two terrorist attacks. The Peronist victory in the 1993 midterm elections allowed him to persuade Alfons\u00edn (by then leader of the opposition party UCR) to sign the Pact of Olivos for the 1994 amendment of the Argentine Constitution. This amendment allowed Menem to run for re-election in 1995, which he won. A new economic crisis began, and the opposing parties formed a political coalition that won the 1997 midterm elections and the 1999 presidential election.\nMenem ran for the presidency again in 2003, but faced with a likely defeat in a ballotage against N\u00e9stor Kirchner, he chose to pull out of the ballotage, effectively handing the presidency to Kirchner. He was elected senator for La Rioja in 2005. At 89, he is currently the oldest living former Argentine president.", "Q712746": "Benjamin Franklin \"Frank\" Norris Jr. (March 5, 1870 \u2013 October 25, 1902) was an American journalist and novelist during the Progressive Era, whose fiction was predominantly in the naturalist genre. His notable works include McTeague: A Story of San Francisco (1899), The Octopus: A Story of California (1901) and The Pit (1903).", "Q101207": "Johann Heinrich Christoph Wiegand (17 August 1855 in Bremen \u2013 29 March 1909 in Bad Homburg vor der H\u00f6he) was a lawyer who served as general director of the Norddeutscher Lloyd shipping company during a period of great expansion.", "Q3455963": "R\u00e9jean Lefebvre (born 1 June 1943) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1993 to 2000. Born in Saint-Adelphe, Quebec, Lefebvre is a businessperson and forester by career.\nLefebvre was mayor of Saint-Adelphe, Mauricie in 1977 and again from 1985 to 1993, where he laid the groundwork for a major water and sewage project carried out by his successor. He was elected in the Champlain electoral district under the Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois (BQ) party in the 1993 and 1997 federal elections, thus serving in the 35th and 36th Canadian Parliaments before leaving Canadian politics.\nIn late 1998 after he was arrested for drunken driving for the third time, Lefebvre made the decision to leave the BQ caucus to sit as an Independent.He sexually assaulted his grand daughters.", "Q3219926": "Lawrence Neil Tomlinson is an English businessman and pay driver, who with an estimated fortune of \u00a3550 million, who ranks 151st on the 2011 Sunday Times Rich List.", "Q184219": "Mayte Michelle Rodriguez (born July 12, 1978) is an American actress. Her breakout role as a troubled boxer in the independent film Girlfight (2000) was met with critical acclaim and earned her several awards, including the Independent Spirit Award and Gotham Award for Best Debut Performance. The following year, she starred as Letty Ortiz in the blockbuster film The Fast and the Furious (2001), a role she has reprised in five additional films throughout the Fast & Furious franchise. She has also appeared in a number of successful action films, including Resident Evil, S.W.A.T., Battle Los Angeles, and Avatar.\nOn television, Rodriguez played Ana Lucia Cortez in the second season of the television series Lost. She has also had numerous voice appearances in video games such as Call of Duty and Halo, and lent her voice to the 3D animated film Turbo and the television series IGPX. With her films grossing over $5 billion collectively, a 2013 Entertainment Weekly article described Rodriguez as \"arguably the most iconic actress in the action genre, as well as one of the most visible Latinas in Hollywood\".\n\n", "Q360899": "St\u00e9phane Rousseau (French pronunciation: \u200b[ste'fan \u0281u'so]; born September 17, 1966) is a Canadian actor and comedian. He starred in the Academy Award-winning film The Barbarian Invasions. He has also been in Asterix at the Olympic Games (2008). His latest movies is the French comedy Fatal, a Zoolander-type spoof of the music industry focusing on the character Fatal Bazooka created by Micha\u00ebl Youn.", "Q535355": "Matej Bor was the pen name of Vladimir Pav\u0161i\u010d (14 April 1913 \u2013 29 September 1993), who was a Slovene poet, translator, playwright, journalist and partisan.", "Q714337": "Jay L. Johnson (born June 5, 1946) is a retired United States Navy admiral who served as the 26th Chief of Naval Operations from 1996 to 2000. He was later president and chief executive officer of General Dynamics.", "Q157041": "The Offspring is an American rock band from Garden Grove, California, formed in 1984. Originally formed under the name Manic Subsidal, the band's current lineup consists of lead vocalist and guitarist Bryan \"Dexter\" Holland, bassist Todd Morse, guitarist Kevin \"Noodles\" Wasserman and drummer Pete Parada. Over the course of their 36-year career, they have released nine studio albums and experienced lineup changes, most noticeably with their drummers. Their longest-serving drummer was Ron Welty, who replaced original drummer James Lilja in 1987, and stayed with the band for 16 years; he was replaced by Atom Willard in 2003, and then four years later by Parada. Gregory \"Greg K.\" Kriesel, one of the co-founders of The Offspring, was their bassist until 2018 when he parted ways due to business disputes with the band, leaving Holland as the sole remaining original member. Kriesel was replaced by Todd Morse of H2O, who had previously worked with The Offspring as their touring guitarist.The Offspring is often credited\u2014alongside fellow California punk bands Green Day, Rancid, Bad Religion, NOFX and Pennywise\u2014for reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the 1990s. They have sold over 40 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling punk rock bands in history. The Offspring achieved its first commercial success with their third studio album, Smash (1994), which has sold over eleven million copies worldwide, setting a record for most albums sold on an independent record label, and was the first album released on Epitaph to obtain gold and platinum status. After switching record labels from Epitaph to Columbia in 1996, the Offspring continued their commercial success with its next six studio albums: Ixnay on the Hombre (1997), Americana (1998), Conspiracy of One (2000), Splinter (2003), Rise and Fall, Rage and Grace (2008) and Days Go By (2012); the first four were certified platinum, multi-platinum, platinum and gold status by the RIAA respectively. The band is currently in production of their tenth studio album, tentatively due for release in 2020.\n\n", "Q4119087": "Hathloul bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1942 \u2013 29 September 2012) was a senior prince of the House of Saud, and a member of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Allegiance Council.\n\n", "Q123918": "Johann Kaspar (or Caspar) Lavater (Alemannic German: [\u02c8l\u0252\u02d0v\u0325\u0252t\u0259r]; 15 November 1741 \u2013 2 January 1801) was a Swiss poet, writer, philosopher, physiognomist and theologian.", "Q1702744": "Jon Burr (born May 22, 1953 in Huntington, New York) is an American double bass player and author. He is a member of \"Mark O'Connor's Hot Swing Trio\", a swing jazz trio, along with Mark O'Connor and Frank Vignola. The trio has recorded three albums, Hot Swing! (2001), In Full Swing (2003), and Live in New York (2004).", "Q812": "Florida ( (listen), Spanish pronunciation: [flo\u02c8\u027ei\u00f0a]) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida. The state's capital, Tallahassee, was established as such in 1823 by the second session of the territorial legislature. Florida is the 22nd-most extensive (65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2), the 3rd-most populous (21,477,737 inhabitants), and the 8th-most densely populated (384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2) of the U.S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area.\nFlorida's $1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States. If it were a country, Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world, and the 58th most populous as of 2018. In 2017, Florida's per capita personal income was $47,684, ranking 26th in the nation. The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States. Florida exports nearly $55 billion in goods made in the state, the 8th highest among all states. The Miami metropolitan area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $345 billion as of 2017. This is more than twice the number of the next metro area, the Tampa Bay Area, which has a GDP of $145 billion. Florida is home to 51 of the world's billionaires with most of them residing in South Florida.The first European contact was made in 1513 by Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Le\u00f3n, who called it la Florida ([la flo\u02c8\u027ei\u00f0a] \"the land of flowers\") upon landing there in the Easter season, known in Spanish as Pascua Florida. Florida was a challenge for the European colonial powers before it gained statehood in the United States in 1845. It was a principal location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans, and racial segregation after the American Civil War.\nToday, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, as well as for its increasing environmental issues. The state's economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, winter vegetables, the Kennedy Space Center, and as a popular destination for retirees. Florida is the flattest state in the United States. Lake Okeechobee is the largest freshwater lake in Florida.Florida's close proximity to the ocean influences many aspects of Florida culture and daily life. Florida is a reflection of influences and multiple inheritance; African, European, indigenous, Latino, and Asian heritages can be found in the architecture and cuisine. Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, and water sports. Several beaches in Florida have turquoise and emerald-colored coastal waters.About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), not including the contribution of the many barrier islands. Florida has a total of 4,510 islands that are ten acres or larger in area. This is the second-highest number of islands of any state; only Alaska has more. It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. Florida has the lowest high point of any U.S. state. The American alligator, American crocodile, American flamingo, Roseate spoonbill, Florida panther, bottlenose dolphin, and manatee can be found in Everglades National Park in the southern part of the state. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. Along with Hawaii, Florida is one of only two states that have a tropical climate, and is the only continental state that has both a tropical climate and a coral reef. The Florida Reef is the only living coral barrier reef in the continental United States, and the third-largest coral barrier reef system in the world (after the Great Barrier Reef and Belize Barrier Reef).", "Q362056": "William Rocky Gray (born July 2, 1974) is a drummer and guitarist who has been part of the Arkansas metal scene since the early 1990s. He has an extensive career as a musician and is best known as the lead guitarist for Living Sacrifice and Solus Deus, and the drummer for We Are the Fallen. He also plays drums for Soul Embraced, Mourningside, and Machina, and is the former drummer for Evanescence. Gray is also currently creating a solo album titled Accursed.", "Q269671": "Skyler Rose Samuels (born April 14, 1994) is an American actress and model, known for her roles in the television series Wizards of Waverly Place ,The Gates, The Nine Lives of Chloe King, Scream Queens and The Gifted.", "Q389791": "Mortal Thoughts is a 1991 American neo-noir film directed by Alan Rudolph and starring Demi Moore, Glenne Headly, Bruce Willis, and Harvey Keitel. Told in narrative flashbacks set in a police interrogation, the film centers on a woman implicated in the violent murder of her friend's abusive, drug-addicted husband. Its title is derived from a quote in William Shakespeare's The Tragedy of Macbeth.", "Q69627": "Lauerz is a village and municipality in the Schwyz District of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. It adjoins Lake Lauerz (Lauerzersee).", "Q1361996": "Vladimir Aleksandrovich Gusinsky (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 [v\u026b\u0250\u02c8d\u02b2im\u02b2\u026ar \u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0261\u028a\u02c8s\u02b2insk\u02b2\u026aj]) is a Russian media tycoon. He founded the Media-Most holding company that included the NTV free-to-air channel, the newspaper Sevodnya, the radio station Echo of Moscow, and a number of magazines.", "Q4162435": "Nikolai Fyodorovitch von Ditmar (b. Moscow, May 10, 1865; died Kharkov, July 18, 1919) was a noted Russian industrialist, entrepreneur, socialite, and politician.", "Q727925": "Valery Korepanov (Ukrainian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0404\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432) is a Ukrainian scientist was born on 1 July 1943 in the (former) Soviet Union. Since 1996 he has been the Scientific Director of the Lviv Centre of Institute for Space Research of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and State Space Agency of Ukraine.", "Q175586": "Pierre Amoyal (born 22 June 1949 in Paris) is a French violinist and is the artistic director of the Conservatory of Lausanne.\nHe owns the \"Kochanski\" Stradivarius of 1717. It was stolen from him in 1987 and recovered in 1991.", "Q239046": "Cherry Jones (born November 21, 1956) is an American actress. A five-time Tony Award nominee for her work on Broadway, she has twice won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play: for the 1995 revival of The Heiress and for the 2005 original production of Doubt. She has also won two Emmy Awards, winning Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2009 for her role as Allison Taylor on the FOX television series 24, and then winning Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2019 for her performance in The Handmaid's Tale. She has also won three Drama Desk Awards.\nJones made her Broadway debut in the 1987 original Broadway production of Stepping Out. Other stage credits include Pride's Crossing (1997\u201398) and The Glass Menagerie (2013\u201314). Her film appearances include The Horse Whisperer (1998), Erin Brockovich (2000), Signs (2002), The Village (2004), Amelia (2009), and The Beaver (2011). In 2012, she played Dr. Judith Evans on the NBC drama Awake.", "Q104419": "Joseph Rao Kony (pronounced [ko\u0272]; likely born 1961) is the leader of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), a guerrilla group that formerly operated in Uganda. While initially purporting to fight against government oppression, the LRA allegedly turned against Kony's own supporters, supposedly to \"purify\" the Acholi people and turn Uganda into a theocracy. Kony proclaims himself the spokesperson of God and a spirit medium and claims he is visited by a multinational host of 13 spirits, including a Chinese phantom. Ideologically, the group is a syncretic mix of mysticism, Acholi nationalism, and Christian fundamentalism, and claims to be establishing a theocratic state based on the Ten Commandments and local Acholi tradition.Kony has been accused by government entities of ordering the abduction of children to become child soldiers and sex slaves. 66,000 children became soldiers, and 2 million people were displaced internally from 1986 to 2009. Kony was indicted in 2005 for war crimes and crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague, but he has evaded capture. Kony has been subject to an Interpol Red Notice at the request of the ICC since 2006. Since the Juba peace talks in 2006, the LRA no longer operate in Uganda. Sources claim that they are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the Central African Republic (CAR), or South Sudan. In 2013, Kony was reported to be in poor health, and Michel Djotodia, president of the CAR, claimed he was negotiating with Kony to surrender.By April 2017, Kony was still at large, but his force was reported to have shrunk to approximately 100 soldiers, down from an estimated high of 3,000. Both the United States and Uganda ended the hunt for Kony and the LRA, believing that the LRA was no longer a significant security risk to Uganda.", "Q207816": "Bruce Almighty is a 2003 American religious comedy film directed by Tom Shadyac and written by Steve Koren, Mark O'Keefe and Steve Oedekerk. The film stars Jim Carrey as Bruce Nolan, a down-on-his-luck TV reporter who complains to God (Morgan Freeman) that he is not doing his job correctly, and is offered the chance to try being God himself for one week. The film is Shadyac and Carrey's third collaboration, having previously worked together on Ace Ventura: Pet Detective in 1994 and Liar Liar in 1997. It co-stars Jennifer Aniston, Lisa Ann Walter, Philip Baker Hall and Steve Carell.\nWhen released in American theaters on May 23, 2003, Bruce Almighty opened to mixed reviews from critics, but was a box office success and grossed $85.9 million, making it the top Memorial Day opening weekend of any film in history at the time. The film surprised film pundits when it beat The Matrix Reloaded the following weekend. By the end of its theatrical run, it made $242 million domestically and a total $484 million worldwide, making it the fifth highest-grossing film of 2003.\nEvan Almighty, a spin-off sequel focusing on Carell's character, with Shadyac and Oedekerk returning to direct and write, and Freeman also reprising his role, was released on June 22, 2007; however, it was a critical and commercial failure.", "Q537224": "Charles Helou (Arabic: \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u200e) (25 September 1913 \u2013 7 January 2001) was President of Lebanon from 1964 to 1970.", "Q181407": "Robert Middleton (born Samuel G. Messer, May 13, 1911 \u2013 June 14, 1977) was an American film and television actor known for his large size, beetle-like brows, and a deep, booming voice (for which he was known as \"Big Bob Middleton\"), usually in the portrayal of ruthless villains.", "Q942540": "Richard Scheufler (1 November 1964, \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, Czech Republic) \u2013 a multi-instrumentalist, solo singer, composer, music arranger, teacher and producer. He is one of the most significant personalities of the contemporary Czech, but also European music scene. Richard's music represents a mixture of various music styles including funk, Pop, Rock, modern jazz, hardcore and its fusion with the classical music.\n\n", "Q92495": "Ursula Caberta y Diaz (born 22 March 1950) is a German politician, former State of Hamburg government official and was the Commissioner for the Scientology Task Force of the Hamburg Interior Authority. She graduated in political economy. According to Deutsche Welle she is considered an expert on the subject of Scientology, and has been observing the organization since 1992. Her book Schwarzbuch Scientology (The Black Book of Scientology) was published in 2007. Caberta is also an official in Hamburg's authority for interior affairs.The Hamburg Scientology Task Force (AGS) was founded in 1992, to monitor the activities of Scientology, and educate the public on the activities and objectives of Scientology. Furthermore, the AGS provided advice to people wishing to leave the organization. The Task Force was closed down in 2010 as a result of budget cuts, and its work was continued by the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution. Caberta continued as a consultant until her retirement in 2013.", "Q708078": "For the Manouchian Group, see FTP-MOI\nMissak Manouchian (Western Armenian: \u0544\u056b\u057d\u0561\u0584 \u0544\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0577\u0565\u0561\u0576; pronounced [mis\u0251k\u02b0 manu\u0283j\u0251n], 1 September 1906 \u2013 21 February 1944) was a French-Armenian poet and communist activist. An Armenian Genocide survivor, he moved to France from an orphanage in Lebanon in 1925. He was active in communist Armenian literary circles. During World War II, he became the military commissioner of FTP-MOI, a group consisting of European immigrants, including many Jews, in the Paris region which carried out assassinations and bombings of Nazi targets. According to one author, the Manouchian group was the most active French Resistance group. Manouchian and many of his comrades were arrested in November 1943 and executed by the Nazis in Fort Mont-Val\u00e9rien on 21 February 1944. He is considered a hero of the French Resistance.", "Q1968812": "Richard Alan Gardner (April 28, 1931 \u2013 May 25, 2003) was an American child psychiatrist known for his work in psychotherapy with children, parental alienation and child custody evaluations. Gardner introduced the term Parental alienation syndrome (PAS). He wrote 41 books and more than 200 professional journal articles and book chapters. He developed child play therapy and test materials which he published through his company Creative Therapeutics. Gardner was an expert witness in child custody cases. Gardner and his work have been both disputed and supported.", "Q124911": "Melinda Nadj Abonji (born June 22, 1968 in Be\u010dej, Yugoslavia) is a Hungarian-Swiss writer, musician, and performance artist. Melinda Nadj Abonji was born in the Hungarian part of Vojvodina, in present-day Serbia. She came to Switzerland at the age of 5 to join her refugee parents.\nAfter finishing her studies at the University of Zurich, she wrote a novel, Fly Away, Pigeon, based on her refugee experiences, which in 2010 won the German Book Prize and the Swiss Book Prize.", "Q511585": "June Hutton (n\u00e9e June Marvel Cowan; August 11, 1919 \u2013 May 2, 1973) was an American actress and vocalist, popular with big bands during the 1940s. She was the younger sister of vocalist Ina Ray Hutton.", "Q266224": "Markus Alexej Persson (Swedish: [\u02c8m\u01cer\u02d0k\u0275s \u02c8p\u00e6\u030c\u02d0\u0282\u0254n] (listen); born 1 June 1979), better known as Notch, is a Swedish video game programmer and designer. He is best known for creating the sandbox video game Minecraft and for founding the video game company Mojang in 2010, alongside Carl Manneh and Jakob Porser.\nPersson's principal venture for founding Mojang was Minecraft which gained popularity and support since its tech demo in 2009. Since then, he has gained significant notability within the video game industry, winning multiple awards and establishing relations with the industry's figureheads. He retained his position as the lead designer of Minecraft until the game's official launch in 2011, after which he transferred creative authority to Jens Bergensten. In November 2014, he left Mojang after its acquisition by Microsoft for $2.5 billion. Microsoft eventually dissociated from Persson following comments on his Twitter account which faced criticism for accusations of being racist, homophobic, and sexist.", "Q82686": "B\u00e9la the Blind (Hungarian: Vak B\u00e9la; Croatian: Bela Slijepi; Slovak: Belo Slep\u00fd; c. 1109 \u2013 13 February 1141) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1131. He was blinded along with his rebellious father \u00c1lmos on the order of \u00c1lmos's brother, King Coloman of Hungary. B\u00e9la grew up in monasteries during the reign of Coloman's son Stephen II. The childless king arranged B\u00e9la's marriage with Helena of Rascia, who would become her husband's co-ruler throughout his reign.\nB\u00e9la was crowned king at least two months after the death of Stephen II, implying that his accession to the throne did not happen without opposition. Two violent purges were carried out among the partisans of his predecessors to strengthen B\u00e9la's rule. King Coloman's alleged son Boris tried to dethrone B\u00e9la but the king and his allies defeated the pretender's troops in 1132. In the second half of B\u00e9la's reign, Hungary adopted an active foreign policy. Bosnia and Split seem to have accepted B\u00e9la's suzerainty around 1136.", "Q59082": "Lesley-Ann Brandt (born 2 December 1981) is a South African actress. Brandt has acted in a number of New Zealand television series and first came to international notice with her role as a slave girl Naevia in the series Spartacus: Blood and Sand. Since January 2016, she plays the role of Maze (Mazikeen) on the television series Lucifer.", "Q111772": "Who Saw Her Die? (Italian: Chi l'ha vista morire?) is a 1972 Italian giallo film directed by Aldo Lado and Vittorio De Sisti, starring Anita Strindberg and George Lazenby. Lazenby and Strindberg play the parents of a murdered girl, who pursue her black-veiled killer throughout Venice. Who Saw Her Die? features music by Ennio Morricone, and has seen positive reviews for Lazenby's performance.", "Q234204": "Linda Edna Cardellini (born June 25, 1975) is an American actress. In television, she is known for her leading roles in the teen drama Freaks and Geeks (1999\u20132000), the medical drama ER (2003\u201309), the drama thriller Bloodline (2015\u201317), and the dark tragicomedy Dead to Me (2019\u2013present). She also guest starred in the period drama Mad Men (2013\u201315), for which she received an Emmy Award nomination. Cardellini's voice work includes the animated series Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated (2010\u201313), Regular Show (2012\u201315), Gravity Falls (2012\u201316), and Sanjay and Craig (2013\u201316).\nIn film, Cardellini is known for her portrayal of Velma Dinkley in Scooby-Doo (2002) and its sequel Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004), and for her supporting roles in Brokeback Mountain (2005), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Green Book (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019). She has also starred in the drama Return (2011), earning an Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead nomination, the comedies Daddy's Home (2015) and Daddy's Home 2 (2017), and the horror film The Curse of La Llorona (2019).", "Q75568": "Ottilie Wilhelmine Ernestine Henriette von Goethe (born Freiin von Pogwisch; 1796-1872) was a German socialite and the daughter-in-law of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.\nHer father, Wilhelm Julius Baron von Pogwisch (1760\u20131836), was of Holstein nobility, her mother, Henriette Ulrike Ottilie von Pogwisch (1776\u20131851), was born Countess Henckel von Donnersmarck. The parents divorced early and Ottilie lived with her mother in many different cities. She became a close friend for life of Adele Schopenhauer. Both were born in Danzig and grew up without father.\nOtilie was interested in Ferdinand Heinke, who finally became engaged to a different woman. Therefore, Ottilie agreed to marry August von Goethe, the only child of the famous poet. They married on 17 June 1817 and moved to Weimar, where they lived in the poet's house at Frauenplan. The couple had three children: Walther Wolfgang von Goethe (1818\u20131885), Wolfgang Maximilian von Goethe (1820\u20131883) and Alma Sedina Henriette Cornelia von Goethe (1827\u20131844). The marriage was unhappy because August was a drinker and Ottilie was attracted to other men. Also, her father-in-law was a dominant figure in their life.\nOttilie von Goethe called her father-in-law 'father' and lived in his house for 15 years. The witty socialite attracted international guests and founded, in 1829, the journal Chaos. She also helped the famous writer finalizing his eminent play Faust II. August died in 1830 in Italy, and the old Goethe two years later.\nIn 1835, Otilie became the mother of a daughter, Anna Sibylla. The father was a British captain. Especially after this extramarital birth Ottilie suffered under enormous slander. According to malicious rumours she had even killed her eldest daughter Alma.\nAfter Goethe's death she lived in several cities. Her last two years she stayed in Weimar. In 1872, she died because of a heart failure. Her grave lies in Goethe's family tomb.", "Q630295": "Javier Fern\u00e1ndez Fern\u00e1ndez (born January 7, 1948 in Mieres, Asturias) is a Spanish politician, mining engineer, and civil servant. He is the secretary general of the Federaci\u00f3n Socialista Asturiana, the regional socialist party affiliated with the national Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).\nFern\u00e1ndez has served as the President of the Principality of Asturias since May 26, 2012, the result of a coalition government stemming from the 2012 Asturias General Council election held in March. A parliamentary pact was made between the PSOE and the centrist Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD). Fern\u00e1ndez was elected president on May 23, 2012, and took office three days later. He appointed five women and three men to his cabinet, including economist Dolores Carcedo as the Minister of Finance.He retained the Presidency after the 2015 election, but governing in minority only with the support of the United Left of Asturias.\nOn 1 October 2016, Fern\u00e1ndez was named by PSOE to lead the party's caretaker committee, after the resignation of Pedro S\u00e1nchez as Secretary General.", "Q504836": "Andrew Geddes Bain (baptised 11 June 1797 \u2013 20 October 1864), was a South African geologist, road engineer, palaeontologist and explorer.", "Q436648": "Richard James Edwards (born 22 December 1967 \u2013 disappeared 1 February 1995), also known as Richey James or Richey Manic, was a Welsh musician who was the lyricist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers. He was known for his dark, politicised and intellectual songwriting which, combined with an enigmatic and eloquent character, has assured him cult status, as well as having been cited by some as a leading lyricist of his generation, leading a movement now known as Cool Cymru.Edwards disappeared on 1 February 1995. On 24 November 2008, it was announced that his parents had obtained a court order, issued by the Probate Registry of Wales, naming them as executors of his estate and further stating that he died \"on or since\" 1 February 1995. The ninth album by Manic Street Preachers, Journal for Plague Lovers, released on 18 May 2009, is composed entirely of songs with lyrics left behind by Edwards. As of 2005, the remaining members of Manic Street Preachers were still paying 25% royalties into an account in his name.", "Q64465": "Niederrohrdorf is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q108223": "Belize City is the largest city in Belize and was once the capital of the former British Honduras. According to the 2010 census, Belize City has a population of 57,169 people in 16,162 households. It is at the mouth of the Haulover Creek, which is a distributary of the Belize River. The Belize River empties into the Caribbean Sea five miles from Belize City on the Philip Goldson Highway on the coast of the Caribbean. The city is the country's principal port and its financial and industrial hub. Cruise ships drop anchor outside the port and are tendered by local citizens. The city was almost entirely destroyed in 1961 when Hurricane Hattie swept ashore on October 31. It was the capital of British Honduras (as Belize was then named) until the government was moved to the new capital of Belmopan in 1970.", "Q1655608": "Ian McNeice (born 2 October 1950) is an English actor and voice actor. He found fame portraying government agent Harcourt in the 1985 television series Edge of Darkness, and went on to feature in popular films such as The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain, Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls and Frank Herbert's Dune. \nHe played the Newsreader in historical drama Rome (2005\u20132007) and currently plays Bert Large in the comedy drama series Doc Martin (2004\u20132019).", "Q1008998": "G\u00e1bor Gell\u00e9rt Kis (20 October 1946 \u2013 15 May 2013) was a Hungarian journalist, college professor and politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) for Monor (Pest County Constituency VII) between 1994 and 1998. He served as Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights, Minorities and Religious Affairs.", "Q234210": "Melinda Patrice \"Mindy\" Clarke (born April 24, 1969) is an American actress who has worked primarily in television. Clarke is known for playing Faith Taylor on the daytime drama Days of Our Lives, the manipulative and cunning Julie Cooper on The O.C., and the professional dominatrix Lady Heather on CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. From 2010 to 2013, she portrayed Amanda on the action-thriller television series Nikita. She was added as a recurring character on Vegas in 2013, and played Tracey McKay in the revival of Dallas.", "Q87932": "Heinrich Schmieder (February 14, 1970 \u2013 July 21, 2010) was a German actor.", "Q194778": "Skull and Crown is a 1935 American film directed by Elmer Clifton. It was the final film of cast member Molly O'Day.", "Q62000": "Eugen Drewermann (born 20 June 1940) is a German church critic, theologian, peace activist and former Roman Catholic priest. His work has been translated into more than a dozen languages.\nDrewermann was born in Bergkamen near Dortmund. He is best known in Germany for his work toward a non-violent form of Christianity, which, he believes, requires an integration of Depth psychology into Exegesis and Theology. Trained in philosophy, theology, psychoanalysis, and comparative religious studies, he criticized the Roman Catholic Church's literal and biologistic interpretations of miracles, the virgin birth, Ascension, and Resurrection as superstitious and medieval. He called on Rome to understand biblical stories symbolically in such a way that they can become present and healing to readers today. Drewermann's controversial opinions on Catholic dogma, especially the Virgin birth of Jesus lead to a letter expressing \"deep worry,\" in 1986 by Cardinal Ratzinger, later Pope Benedict XVI, to Drewermann's archbishop, Johannes Joachim Degenhardt.\nThe struggle propelled Drewermann into the public limelight and culminated in 1991 after he published a radical critique of what he considers to be the Vatican's psychologically cruel and mentally enslaving clergy ideal (Kleriker: Psychogramm eines Ideals [Clergy: Psychogram of an ideal]). Archbishop Degenhardt of Paderborn and the Catholic Bishops Conference of Germany engaged in a long drawn-out and heated debate with Drewermann which was closely followed by media and public. As a consequence, on 7 October 1991, the Archbishop disallowed him to teach at the Catholic Seminary of Paderborn and, shortly afterwards, revoked his license to preach in 1992.\nDrewermann has uttered strong and controversial political opinions. He was against the Gulf War, the Iraq War, German participation in the NATO war against Afghanistan, and Israeli Air Raids during the 2006 Lebanon War. In the name of the German Peace Movement, he asked to abolish not only Walter Mixa's office as Military Bishop of Germany but the German military, the Bundeswehr, as such. Drewermann has signed public calls to support the \"Linkspartei\" and delivers speeches on conferences and protest demonstrations of the left.Drewermann left the Catholic Church on his 65th birthday on 20 June 2005, a decision he announced on Sandra Maischberger's talk show on German television.", "Q478255": "John Wilson Shaffer (July 5, 1827 \u2013 October 31, 1870) was an American politician and businessman. \nBorn in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, Shaffer was active in Republican politics in Illinois. In 1849, Shaffer settled in Freeport, Illinois and was involved in the mercantile business. Then, in 1856, he was elected sheriff of Stephenson County, Illinois. He was elected clerk and recorder for the Illinois Circuit Court for Stephenson County. Shaffer served in the 15th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and later served as quartermaster; being brevetted brigadier general when the war ended. He was appointed governor of the territory of Utah by President Ulysses S. Grant. He was known for his strict opposition of any hint of rebellion against the federal government, which led to concerns with the Mormon population. He died suddenly during his first year as governor.", "Q14196": "Afrikaans (UK: , US: ) is a West Germanic language spoken in South Africa, Namibia and, to a lesser extent, Botswana and Zimbabwe. It evolved from the Dutch vernacular of Holland (Hollandic dialect) spoken by the largely Dutch settlers (and then by the native Africans who associated with them) in the south-west of what is now South Africa, where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the course of the 18th century. Hence, it is a daughter language of Dutch.\nAlthough Afrikaans has adopted words from other languages, including German and the Khoisan languages, an estimated 90 to 95% of the vocabulary of Afrikaans is of Dutch origin. Therefore, differences with Dutch often lie in the more analytic-type morphology and grammar of Afrikaans, and a spelling that expresses Afrikaans pronunciation rather than standard Dutch. There is a large degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages\u2014especially in written form.With about 7 million native speakers in South Africa, or 13.5% of the population, it is the third-most-spoken language in the country. Estimates of the total number of Afrikaans speakers range between 15 and 23 million. It has the widest geographical and racial distribution of all the 11 official languages of South Africa, and is widely spoken and understood as a second or third language. It is the majority language of the western half of South Africa\u2014the provinces of the Northern Cape and Western Cape\u2014and the first language of 75.8% of Coloured South Africans (4.8 million people), 60.8% of White South Africans (2.7 million); 4.6% of Asian South Africans (58,000 people), and 1.5% of Black South Africans (600,000 people).", "Q597086": "Ialoveni (Romanian pronunciation: [jalo\u02c8ven\u02b2]; Russian: \u042f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u00e9\u043d\u044b) is a city in the Republic of Moldova situated 10 km (6 mi) from Chi\u015fin\u0103u. The city is administrative center of the Ialoveni District.", "Q318088": "Michel Serrault (24 January 1928 \u2013 29 July 2007) was a French stage and film actor who appeared from 1954 until 2007 in more than 130 films.", "Q357947": "Sir Dugald Clerk (sometimes written as Dugald Clark) KBE, LLD FRS (1854, Glasgow \u2013 1932, Ewhurst, Surrey) was a Scottish engineer who designed the world's first successful two-stroke engine\nin 1878 and patented it in England in 1881. He was a graduate of Anderson's University in Glasgow (now the University of Strathclyde), and Yorkshire College, Leeds (now the University of Leeds). He formed the intellectual property firm with George Croydon Marks, called Marks & Clerk. He was knighted on 24 August 1917.\n\n", "Q130970": "Gustavo Jim\u00e9nez (Tarma, Peru, 5 April 1886 \u2013 15 March 1933 in Lima) was a Peruvian colonel who served as Interim President of Peru, officially as the President of the Provisional Government Junta, in 1931.\nJim\u00e9nez organised one of several uprisings that led to the fall of the government of Augusto B. Legu\u00eda. After the nomination of General Luis Miguel S\u00e1nchez Cerro as the new provisional president, Jim\u00e9nez kept his supporters under arms since he did not agree with the decision. Following the replacement of S\u00e1nchez Cerro with Ricardo Leoncio El\u00edas Arias, Jim\u00e9nez returned to Lima on 5 March 1931. After entering the presidential palace and a negotiation with El\u00edas, Jim\u00e9nez became the new president, even though David Samanez Ocampo had been expected to take over presidential power that day.\nDue to the continuing unrest in the country and strong resistance against Jim\u00e9nez from the Navy, Jim\u00e9nez turned power over to David Samanez Ocampo on 11 March.\n\n", "Q178908": "Henry I (4 May 1008 \u2013 4 August 1060) was King of the Franks from 1031 to 1060. The royal demesne of France reached its smallest size during his reign, and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the early Capetians. This is not entirely agreed upon, however, as other historians regard him as a strong but realistic king, who was forced to conduct a policy mindful of the limitations of the French monarchy.\n\n", "Q118024": "L\u00e9on Nicole (10 April 1887 in Montcherand, Vaud \u2013 28 June 1965 in Geneva) was a prominent trade unionist, journalist, politician and member of the Grand Council of Geneva and the Swiss National Council. In 1933, he was a member of the first Cantonal government in Switzerland with a Socialist majority and the first socialist ever elected to lead a Canton. He was elected the first President of the Swiss Party of Labour in 1944. In 1952 he was expelled from the Party of Labour for expressing sympathy towards Yugoslavia and in 1954 set up a rival communist party called the Progressive Party. \n\n", "Q22424": "Punjab ( (listen), Punjabi: [p\u0259n\u02c8d\u0292a\u02d0b]) is a state in northern India. Forming part of the larger Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, the state is bordered by the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir to the north, and the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast, and Rajasthan to the southwest. It is bordered by the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west. The state covers an area of 50,362 square kilometres, 1.53% of India's total geographical area. It is the 20th-largest Indian state by area. With 27,704,236 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Punjab is the 16th-largest state by population, comprising 22 districts. Punjabi is the most widely spoken and official language of the state. The main ethnic group are the Punjabis, with Sikhs (58%) and Hindus (38%). The state capital is Chandigarh, a Union Territory and also the capital of the neighbouring state of Haryana. The five tributary rivers of the Indus River from which the region took its name are Sutlej, Ravi, Beas, Chenab and Jhelum Rivers; Sutlej, Ravi and Beas are part of the Indian Punjab.\nThe history of Punjab has witnessed the migration and settlement of innumerable races, forming a melting pot of Punjabi civilisation. The first traces of human habitation in India were found in the Punjab region. The Indus Valley Civilization flourished in antiquity before recorded history until their decline around 1900 BCE. The Punjab has had numerous recorded invasions, starting with the Vedic tribes. Punjab was enriched during the height of the Vedic period, but declined in predominance with the rise of the Mahajanapadas. The region formed the frontier of initial empires during antiquity including the Achaemenid, Alexander's, Seleucid, and Maurya Empires. After the fall of the Maurya Empire, the region was splintered into multiple kingdoms and republics. Punjab was subsequently conquered by the Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire, and then Harsha's Empire. Punjab continued to be settled by nomadic people; including the Huna, Turkic and the Mongols. Circa 1000, the Punjab was ruled by Muslims and was part of the Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, and Durrani Empire. Sikhism originated in Punjab and resulted in the formation of the Sikh Confederacy after the fall of the Mughal Empire and ensuing conflict with the Durrani Empire. This confederacy was united into the Sikh Empire by Maharaja Ranjit Singh.\nGreater Punjab region was annexed by the British East India Company from the Sikh Empire in 1849. In 1947, the Punjab Province of British India was divided along religious lines into West Punjab and East Punjab. The western part was assimilated into Pakistan while the east became part of India. The Indian Punjab as well as PEPSU was divided into three parts on the basis of language in 1966. Hindi speaking areas (including various dialects) were carved out as Haryana, while the hilly regions and Pahari-speaking areas formed Himachal Pradesh, alongside the current state of Punjab. Punjab's government has three branches \u2013 executive, judiciary and legislative. Punjab follows the parliamentary system of government with the Chief Minister as the head of the state.\nThe economy of Punjab is the 14th-largest state economy in India with \u20b95.18 lakh crore (US$73 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of \u20b9153,000 (US$2,100). Punjab has the ninth highest ranking among Indian states and union territories in human development index as of 2018. Punjab is primarily agriculture-based due to the presence of abundant water sources and fertile soils. Other major industries include the manufacturing of scientific instruments, agricultural goods, electrical goods, financial services, machine tools, textiles, sewing machines, sports goods, starch, tourism, fertilisers, bicycles, garments, and the processing of pine oil and sugar. Minerals and energy resources also contribute to Punjab's economy to a much lesser extent. Punjab has the largest number of steel rolling mill plants in India, which are in \"Steel Town\"\u2014Mandi Gobindgarh in the Fatehgarh Sahib district.\n\n", "Q956521": "Stornoway were a British alternative indie folk band from the Cowley area of Oxford that released three albums from 2010 to 2015. The band consisted of singer, lyricist, and guitarist Brian Briggs; keyboard player Jon Ouin, bassist Oli Steadman and his brother Rob Steadman on drums. Their sound incorporated an ever-changing selection of stringed instruments and keyboards, supported by a typical pop backline of guitar, drums, and bass guitar.\nBriggs and Ouin met during Freshers' week at Oxford; Briggs thought Ouin looked like a member of Teenage Fanclub, a band both of them liked that became a topic of their first conversation. Soon after, the two began playing music together. They advertised for a bass player, and Oli Steadman was the only person to respond to their advert. Oli Steadman's younger brother Rob Steadman later auditioned for the role of drummer.The band is named after the Scottish town of Stornoway on the Hebridean Isle of Lewis, which appears on all British televised weather reports and shipping forecasts. The band had never been to Stornoway when they decided to name themselves after the town. They played their first gig there on 9 April 2010 and also signed their contract with label 4AD, a British independent record label part of Beggars Group, there as well. In a 2010 interview with British music blog There Goes the Fear, Brian Briggs described the band's hunt for a name: \"We were looking for somewhere that sounded a bit distant and remote and coastal. And it was a very long process, and quite a fun process that I think every band goes through trying to get the right band name. And we had a massive list, pages and pages, and the only thing that they had in common was that they were all slightly coastal or maritime-themed. So we were looking in books about knots and, I dunno, guides to natural history of the seashore. And we tried quite a few out and they all failed, and this [Stornoway] was the only one that stuck, and it was reinforced by the fact that if you see at the BBC weather forecast, Stornoway is up there\u2026so we get this wonderful free promotion every time there\u2019s a weather report.\"In October 2016 the band announced that they would be splitting up after a farewell tour during spring 2017. They played their final show on 12 March 2017.\n\n", "Q7064514": "Novaya Zhizn (Russian: \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c, New Life) was a daily newspaper published by a group of Mensheviks associated with the literary magazine Letopis, including Maxim Gorky, Nikolai Sukhanov, Stroev Denitsky and A. N. Tikhonov. It was published in Petrograd from 18 April (1 May) 1917 until 16 July 1918 (with a total of 354 issues) and then in Moscow from June to July 1918, when it was closed down. Its run was interrupted in September 1917, when publication was suspended on the orders of the Russian Provisional Government.It should not be confused with the Bolsheviks' paper Novaya Zhizn, which was published for two months in 1905.", "Q108237": "Jonatan Karl Dieter Briel (9 June 1942 - 26 December 1988) was a German director, screenplay author, and actor. He was born in Bodenwerder, Lower Saxony, and died in Berlin. He was strongly influenced by the works of the 19th-century poets and dramatists, Heinrich von Kleist, Christian Friedrich Hebbel, and Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin.", "Q26642": "Gert Van den Bergh (16 October 1920 \u2013 16 February 1968) was a South African film actor. He was married to Dulcie (Magdeld Magdalena) van den Bergh (23 August 1928 -8 November 1997)\n(N\u00e9e Smit)", "Q181413": "Julie Frances Christie (born 14 April 1940) is a British actress. An icon of the \"swinging London\" era of the 1960s, she has received such accolades as an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award. She has appeared in six films that were ranked in the British Film Institute's 100 greatest British films of the 20th century, and in 1997, she received the BAFTA Fellowship.\nChristie's breakthrough film role was in Billy Liar (1963). She came to international attention for her performances in Darling (1965), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and Doctor Zhivago (also 1965), the eighth highest-grossing film of all time after adjustment for inflation.In the following years, she starred in Fahrenheit 451 (1966), Far from the Madding Crowd (1967), Petulia (1968), The Go-Between (1971), McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971), for which she received her second Oscar nomination, Don't Look Now (1973), Shampoo (1975), and Heaven Can Wait (1978).\nFrom the early 1980s, her appearances in mainstream films decreased, though she held roles as Thetis in Wolfgang Petersen's historical epic Troy and as Madam Rosmerta in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (both 2004). She has continued to receive significant critical recognition for her work, including Oscar nominations for the independent films Afterglow (1997) and Away from Her (2007).", "Q1812600": "Brooklyn Law School (BLS) is a private law school in New York City. Founded in 1901, it has approximately 1,100 students. Brooklyn Law School's faculty includes 60 full-time faculty, 15 emeriti faculty, and a number of adjunct faculty.Brooklyn Law School has produced a number of luminaries. Included among them are New York City Mayor David Dinkins, US Senator Norm Coleman, judges Frank Altimari (US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit) and Edward R. Korman (US District Court for the Eastern District of New York), attorneys Stephen Dannhauser (Chairman, Weil, Gotshal & Manges), Myron Trepper (co-Chairman, Willkie Farr & Gallagher), Allen Grubman (entertainment lawyer), and Bruce Cutler (criminal defense lawyer), CEOs Barry Salzberg (Deloitte) and Marty Bandier (Sony/ATV Music Publishing), and billionaire real estate developers Leon Charney and Larry Silverstein.\n\n", "Q155124": "Michael Giacchino (; born October 10, 1967) is an American musician and composer of music for films, television and video games. He has received an Academy Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, and three Grammy Awards.\nHe is known for his collaborations with J. J. Abrams, Brad Bird, Matt Reeves, Pete Docter, Colin Trevorrow, Jon Watts, Drew Goddard and The Wachowskis. His film scores include several films from the Mission: Impossible, Jurassic Park and Star Trek series, seven Pixar Animation Studios films, Super 8, Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, Zootopia, Doctor Strange, Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, and Spider-Man: Far From Home. He also composed the score of the video game series Medal of Honor and Call of Duty and the television series Alias, Lost and Fringe.", "Q113171": "Rollover is a 1981 American political thriller film directed by Alan J. Pakula and starring Jane Fonda and Kris Kristofferson. The film was nominated for a Razzie Award for Worst Actor for Kristofferson.", "Q3479523": "Serge Rubinstein (May 18, 1908 \u2013 January 27, 1955) was a stock and currency manipulator, a playboy, Caf\u00e9 society denizen, convicted draft-evader and murder victim.", "Q231368": "Zvi Hashin (1929\u201329 October 2017) was an Israeli mechanical engineer. He was a professor for engineering sciences at Tel Aviv University. In 2012, he won the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Mechanical Engineering, for his research on micro-mechanics of failure of fibre-reinforced plastic.\n\n", "Q103362": "Klaus H\u00f6hne (13 June 1927 in Hamburg \u2013 21 August 2006 in Murnau am Staffelsee) was a German actor. From 1971 until 1979 he starred in the Hessischer Rundfunk version of the popular television crime series Tatort. In 1974 he appeared in the very first episode of the popular TV series Derrick called \"Waldweg\".", "Q1844446": "Pervomaisk (Ukrainian: \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a, Russian: \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a) is a city in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine, on the left bank of the Luhan river. Since 2014, the city is controlled by the self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic. Population: 38,435\u2009(2013 est.). As of 2001, the population was 38,800. Northeast of Pervomaisk, there is the static inverter plant of HVDC Volgograd-Donbass.", "Q527023": "Velibor Topi\u0107 (born 24 July 1970 in Mostar, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Bosnian and British actor.\nHe is known for his roles in Snatch (2000), Kingdom of Heaven (2005), Robin Hood (2010), The Counselor (2013), Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014), as well as for his work in British TV dramas such as Sharpe's Peril (2002), The Bill (2002) and Ambassadors (2013).\nThroughout his career, Topi\u0107 has worked three times with Ridley Scott as well as other well-known directors such as Guy Ritchie, Tom Hooper, Matthew Vaughn, Anthony Minghella and William Monahan.", "Q67178": "Lutzenberg is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. Its hamlet of Tobel is listed as a heritage site of national significance.", "Q5816": "Mao Zedong (; December 26, 1893 \u2013 September 9, 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which he ruled as the chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. Ideologically a Marxist\u2013Leninist, his theories, military strategies, and political policies are collectively known as Maoism.\nMao was the son of a prosperous peasant in Shaoshan, Hunan. He had a Chinese nationalist and an anti-imperialist outlook early in his life, and was particularly influenced by the events of the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and May Fourth Movement of 1919. He later adopted Marxism\u2013Leninism while working at Peking University, and became a founding member of the Communist Party of China (CPC), leading the Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1927. During the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the CPC, Mao helped to found the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, led the Jiangxi Soviet's radical land policies, and ultimately became head of the CPC during the Long March. Although the CPC temporarily allied with the KMT under the United Front during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937\u20131945), China's civil war resumed after Japan's surrender and in 1949 Mao's forces defeated the Nationalist government, which withdrew to Taiwan.\nOn October 1, 1949, Mao proclaimed the foundation of the PRC, a single-party state controlled by the CPC. In the following years he solidified his control through campaigns against landlords, suppression of \"counter-revolutionaries\", \"Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns\" and through a psychological victory in the Korean War, which altogether caused the deaths of several-million Chinese. From 1953\u20131958, Mao played an important role in enforcing planned economy in China, constructing the first Constitution of the PRC, launching the industrialisation program, and initiating the \"Two Bombs, One Satellite\" project. On the other hand, in 1955-1957, Mao launched the Sufan movement and the Anti-Rightist Campaign, with at least 550,000 people persecuted in the latter, most of whom were intellectuals and dissidents. In 1958, he launched the Great Leap Forward that aimed to rapidly transform China's economy from agrarian to industrial, which led to the deadliest famine in history and the deaths of 20\u201346 million people between 1958 and 1962. In 1963, Mao launched the Socialist Education Movement, and in 1966 he initiated the Cultural Revolution, a program to remove \"counter-revolutionary\" elements in Chinese society which lasted 10 years and was marked by violent class struggle, widespread destruction of cultural artifacts, and an unprecedented elevation of Mao's cult of personality. Tens of millions of people were persecuted during the Revolution, while the estimated number of deaths ranges from hundreds of thousands to millions, including Liu Shaoqi, the 2nd Chairman of the PRC. After years of ill health, Mao suffered a series of heart attacks in 1976 and died at the age of 82. During Mao's era, China's population grew from around 550 million to over 900 million while the government did not strictly enforce its family planning policy, forcing Mao's successors such as Deng Xiaoping to take stricter policies to cope with the overpopulation crisis.\nA controversial figure, Mao is regarded as one of the most important and influential individuals in modern world history. He is also known as a political intellect, theorist, military strategist, poet, and visionary. During Mao's era, China was involved in the Korean War, the Sino-Soviet split, the Vietnam War, and the rise of Khmer Rouge; in particular, in 1972, Mao welcomed U.S. President Richard Nixon in Beijing, signalling the start of a policy of opening China to the world. Supporters credit him with driving imperialism out of China, modernising the nation and building it into a world power, promoting the status of women, improving education and health care, as well as increasing life expectancy of average Chinese. Conversely, his regime has been called autocratic and totalitarian, and condemned for bringing about mass repression and destroying religious and cultural artifacts and sites. It was additionally responsible for vast numbers of deaths with estimates ranging from 30 to 80 million victims through starvation, persecution, prison labour and mass executions.", "Q16781": "Jacky Cheung Hok-yau (born 10 July 1961) is a Hong Kong singer, songwriter and actor. With more than 25 million records sold as of 2003, he is regarded as one of the \"Four Heavenly Kings\" and has been deemed the \"God of Songs\" of Hong Kong.", "Q846040": "Camarillo ( KAM-\u0259-REE-oh) is a city in Ventura County in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 65,201, an increase of 8,117 from the 57,084 counted in the 2000 Census. The Ventura Freeway (U.S. Route 101) is the city's primary thoroughfare. Camarillo is named for Adolfo and Juan Camarillo, two of the few Californios (pre-1848 California natives of Hispanic ancestry) to preserve the city's heritage after the arrival of Anglo settlers. The railroad coast route came through in 1898 and built a station here. Adolfo Camarillo eventually employed 700 workers growing mainly lima beans. Walnuts and citrus were also grown on the ranch. Adolfo bred Camarillo White Horses in the 1920s through the 1960s and was well known for riding them, dressed in colorful Spanish attire, in parades such as the Fiesta of Santa Barbara.\nThe city grew slowly prior to World War II but the war effort saw the construction of the Oxnard Army Air Field (later Oxnard Air Force Base in 1951, now Camarillo Airport) to the west of town. The community also grew as the new base along with nearby Naval Air Station Point Mugu and a Seabee base at Port Hueneme brought many workers and their families to the area. The grounds of Camarillo State Hospital, which opened in 1936 south of town, are now the campus of California State University, Channel Islands.", "Q115500": "Hans Max Gamper-Haessig (22 November 1877 \u2013 30 July 1930), known in Catalonia as Joan Gamper (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8a\u014b \u0261\u0259m\u02c8pe]), was a Swiss football pioneer, versatile athlete and club president. He founded football clubs in Switzerland and Spain, most notably FC Barcelona and FC Z\u00fcrich.\n\n", "Q343932": "Wang Tao (November 10, 1828 \u2013 May 24, 1897) was a Chinese translator, reformer, political columnist, newspaper publisher and fiction writer of the Qing dynasty. He was born Wang Libin in Puli Town 1 in Suzhou prefecture.", "Q49285": "Sally Kristen Ride (May 26, 1951 \u2013 July 23, 2012) was an American astronaut and physicist. Born in Los Angeles, she joined NASA in 1978 and became the first American woman in space in 1983. Ride was the third woman in space overall, after USSR cosmonauts Valentina Tereshkova (1963) and Svetlana Savitskaya (1982). Ride remains the youngest American astronaut to have traveled to space, having done so at the age of 32. After flying twice on the Orbiter Challenger, she left NASA in 1987.\nRide worked for two years at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Arms Control, then at the University of California, San Diego as a professor of physics, primarily researching nonlinear optics and Thomson scattering. She served on the committees that investigated the Challenger and Columbia Space Shuttle disasters, the only person to participate in both. Ride died of pancreatic cancer on July 23, 2012.", "Q66266": "Niederb\u00fcren is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q266230": "Oberstdorf (Low Alemannic: Oberschdorf) is a municipality and skiing and hiking town in Germany, located in the Allg\u00e4u region of the Bavarian Alps. It is the southernmost settlement in Germany and one of its highest towns.\nAt the center of Oberstdorf is a church whose tall spire serves as a landmark for navigating around town. The summits of the Nebelhorn and Fellhorn provide dramatic panoramic views of the alps. The Nebelhorn can be reached with a big cable car. Visitors can ride a unique diagonal elevator to the top of the Heini-Klopfer-Skiflugschanze.", "Q615997": "Bill Emmott (born 6 August 1956) is an English journalist, author, and consultant best known as the editor-in-chief of The Economist newspaper from 1993 to 2006. Emmott has written fourteen books and worked on two documentary feature films. He co-founded the Wake Up Foundation, an educational charity dedicated to raising awareness of the dangers facing Western societies. He is now chairman of the Trinity College Long Room Hub for Arts & Humanities in Dublin, of the International Institute for Strategic Studies and of the Japan Society of the UK in London.", "Q95488": "Siegfried Aufh\u00e4user (1 January 1884, in Augsburg \u2014 6 December 1969, in Berlin) was a German politician and union leader, and from 1921 to 1933, chairman of the largely white-collar AfA-Bund.\nAufh\u00e4user joined the SPD (Social Democratic Party of Germany) in 1912; after a brief period in the USPD (Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany), he served as an SPD Reichstag deputy from 1921 to 1933. Arrested several times in 1933, he emigrated the same year. Until 1935 he belonged to the executive committee of the SPD-in-exile, then strongly rejected the party's reformist course, viewing resistance to Hitler from a standpoint of class struggle. After 1939, Aufh\u00e4user lived in New York City as a journalist. In 1951 he returned to Germany, where he was chairman of the German Salaried Employees' Union (German: Deutsche Angestellten-Gewerkschaft; DAG).", "Q257953": "Sarah Margaret Fuller Ossoli (May 23, 1810 \u2013 July 19, 1850), commonly known as Margaret Fuller, was an American journalist, editor, critic, and women's rights advocate associated with the American transcendentalism movement. She was the first full-time American female book reviewer in journalism. Her book Woman in the Nineteenth Century is considered the first major feminist work in the United States.\nBorn Sarah Margaret Fuller in Cambridge, Massachusetts, she was given a substantial early education by her father, Timothy Fuller, who died in 1835 due to cholera. She later had more formal schooling and became a teacher before, in 1839, she began overseeing her Conversations series: classes for women meant to compensate for their lack of access to higher education. She became the first editor of the transcendentalist journal The Dial in 1840, which was the year her writing career started to succeed, before joining the staff of the New York Tribune under Horace Greeley in 1844. By the time she was in her 30s, Fuller had earned a reputation as the best-read person in New England, male or female, and became the first woman allowed to use the library at Harvard College. Her seminal work, Woman in the Nineteenth Century, was published in 1845. A year later, she was sent to Europe for the Tribune as its first female correspondent. She soon became involved with the revolutions in Italy and allied herself with Giuseppe Mazzini. She had a relationship with Giovanni Ossoli, with whom she had a child. All three members of the family died in a shipwreck off Fire Island, New York, as they were traveling to the United States in 1850. Fuller's body was never recovered.\nFuller was an advocate of women's rights and, in particular, women's education and the right to employment. This is shown when she revolted against Boston-Cambridge\u2019s learned professions as she was barred as for entering as a girl. Fuller, along with Coleridge, wanted to stay free of what she called the \u201cstrong mental oder\u201d of female teachers . She also encouraged many other reforms in society, including prison reform and the emancipation of slaves in the United States. Many other advocates for women's rights and feminism, including Susan B. Anthony, cite Fuller as a source of inspiration. Many of her contemporaries, however, were not supportive, including her former friend Harriet Martineau. She said that Fuller was a talker rather than an activist. Shortly after Fuller's death, her importance faded; the editors who prepared her letters to be published, believing her fame would be short-lived, censored or altered much of her work before publication.", "Q2392382": "George de Bothezat (Romanian: Gheorghe Botezatu, Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442, June 7, 1882 \u2013 February 1, 1940) was a Romanian-Russian American engineer, businessman, and pioneer of helicopter flight.\n\n", "Q276745": "Lenka Kripac (born 19 March 1978) is an Australian singer and actress best known for her song \"The Show\", from her self-titled album Lenka. \"The Show\" has been used in numerous advertisements, most notably for Old Navy, as well as the Nickelodeon film Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging and the 2011 film Moneyball. Her song \"Everything at Once\" was used in a Windows 8 television advertisement and in a Disney Movie Rewards commercial. Her fifth studio album, Attune, was released in 2017.", "Q230710": "Valeria Golino (born 22 October 1965) is an Italian actress and director. She is best known to English-language audiences for her roles in Rain Man, Big Top Pee-wee, and the two Hot Shots! films. In addition to the awards David di Donatello, Silver Ribbon, Golden Ciak, and Italian Golden Globe, she is one of three actresses to have twice won the Best Actress award at the Venice Film Festival.", "Q323778": "Ulzhan is a 2007 international co-production directed by Volker Schl\u00f6ndorff, starring Philippe Torreton, Ayanat Xenbay (formerly credited as Ayana Yesmagambetova) and David Bennent.", "Q132801": "Albi (French pronunciation: \u200b[albi]; Occitan: Albi [\u02c8al\u03b2i]) is a commune in southern France. It is the prefecture of the Tarn department, on the river Tarn, 85 km northeast of Toulouse. Its inhabitants are called Albigensians (French: Albigeois, Albigeoise(s), Occitan: albig\u00e9s -esa(s)). It is the seat of the Archbishop of Albi. The episcopal city, around the Cathedral Sainte-C\u00e9cile, was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2010.", "Q229241": "Miranda Jane Richardson (born 3 March 1958) is an English actress. She made her film debut playing Ruth Ellis in Dance with a Stranger (1985) and went on to receive Academy Award nominations for Damage (1992) and Tom & Viv (1994). A seven-time BAFTA Award nominee, she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Damage. She has also been nominated for seven Golden Globe Awards, winning twice for Enchanted April (1992) and the TV film Fatherland (1994).\nRichardson began her career in 1979 and made her West End debut in the 1981 play Moving, before being nominated for the 1987 Olivier Award for Best Actress for A Lie of the Mind. Her television credits include Blackadder (1986\u201389), A Dance to the Music of Time (1997), Merlin (1998), The Lost Prince (2003), Gideon's Daughter (2006), the sitcom The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle (2007), and Rubicon (2010). She was nominated for the 2015 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Narrator for Operation Orangutan.\nHer other films include Empire of the Sun (1987), The Crying Game (1992), The Apostle (1997), Sleepy Hollow (1999), Chicken Run (2000), The Hours (2002), Spider (2002), Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005), The Young Victoria (2009), Made in Dagenham (2010), Belle (2013), and Stronger (2017).", "Q189729": "Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential composers of the late 20th century. Glass's work has been described as minimal music, having similar qualities to other \"minimalist\" composers such as La Monte Young, Steve Reich, and Terry Riley. Glass describes himself as a composer of \"music with repetitive structures\", which he has helped evolve stylistically.Glass founded the Philip Glass Ensemble, with which he still performs on keyboards. He has written numerous operas and musical theatre works, twelve symphonies, eleven concertos, eight string quartets and various other chamber music, and film scores. Three of his film scores have been nominated for Academy Awards.", "Q103404": "Pope Paul I (Latin: Paulus I; 700 \u2013 28 June 767) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the emerging Papal States from 29 May 757 to his death. He first served as a Roman deacon and was frequently employed by his brother, Pope Stephen II, in negotiations with the Lombard kings.", "Q39004": "The Hungarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (also known earlier as Budapest Symphony Orchestra) (Hungarian: Magyar R\u00e1di\u00f3 Szimfonikus Zenekara; MRZE) is a Hungarian radio orchestra. It is part of the Hungarian Television and Broadcasting Organisation, Magyar R\u00e1di\u00f3.", "Q145451": "Cry, Onion! (Italian: Cipolla Colt, lit. \"Onion Colt\", also known as The Smell of Onion) is a 1975 Spaghetti Western comedy film directed by Enzo G. Castellari. It is openly comedic and parodic.", "Q113617": "Andrea Kdolsky (n\u00e9e Pelucha, born 2 November 1962) is an Austrian physician and retired politician who was Minister for Health, Family and Youth in the Gusenbauer government.Kdolsky was born and grew up in Vienna. She originally began studying law and economics, but ultimately completed a Doctor of Medicine in 1993 at the University of Vienna. She subsequently worked as an anaesthesiologist.From 11 January 2007 to 2 December 2008 Kdolsky was Minister for Health, Family and Youth in the cabinet of Alfred Gusenbauer.\nAfter retirement from politics she became a consultant on health care.", "Q236361": "Gal Costa (born Maria da Gra\u00e7a Costa Penna Burgos on 26 September 1945) is a Brazilian singer of popular music.", "Q91836": "Max Hirsch (30 December 1832 Halberstadt - 26 June 1905 Bad Homburg vor der H\u00f6he) was a German political economist and politician.", "Q3500792": "Sir Stuart Alexander Donaldson (16 December 1812 \u2013 11 January 1867) was the first Premier of the Colony of New South Wales.", "Q1700147": "John Givan Davis (October 10, 1810 \u2013 January 18, 1866) was a U.S. Representative from Indiana.", "Q485496": "Shymkent (Kazakh: Shymkent, \u0428\u044b\u043c\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0634\u0649\u0645\u0643\u06d5\u0646\u062a; Ya\u00f1alif: \u015e\u044cmkent; Kazakh pronunciation: [\u0283\u026fm\u02c8k\u025bnt]), known until 1993 as Chimkent (Uzbek: Chimkent, \u0427\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0686\u0649\u0645\u0643\u06d0\u0646\u062a; Ya\u00f1alif: \u00c7imkent (Uzbek pronunciation: [t\u0283\u0268m\u02c8k\u025bnt])); Russian: \u0427\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442, romanized: \u010cimkent (Russian pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0255\u0268m\u02c8k\u02b2\u025bnt])), is a city in Kazakhstan. It is near the border with Uzbekistan. It is one of three Kazakh cities which have the status equal to that of a region (the city of republican significance). It is the third most populous city in Kazakhstan, only behind Almaty and Nur-Sultan, with an estimated population of 1,002,291 as of June 1, 2018. Because Shymkent has never been capital of Kazakhstan, it is therefore the most populous of Kazakhstan's cities in terms of cities that have never been capital. According to regional and city officials, the millionth resident of Shymkent was born on 17 May 2018. It is a regional cultural centre. \nShymkent is situated 690 kilometres (430 mi) west of Almaty and 1,483 kilometres (920 mi) south of Nur-Sultan. It is also 120 kilometres (75 mi) to the north of Toshkent, Uzbekistan.\n\n", "Q64317": "Henry Crocheron (December 26, 1772 \u2013 November 8, 1819) was a U.S. Representative from New York, brother of Jacob Crocheron.\nBorn on Staten Island, Richmond County, New York, Crocheron attended the common schools.\nHe engaged in mercantile pursuits in Northfield. He was the Supervisor of Northfield from 1808 to 1814.\nCrocheron was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Fourteenth Congress (March 4, 1815 \u2013 March 4, 1817).\nHe served as captain of militia in 1818.\nHe died in New Springville, New York, on November 8, 1819.\nHe was interred in St. Andrew's Churchyard, Richmond County, Staten Island, New York.", "Q4253122": "Ernest Wilson Brown Jr. (born January 29, 1947) is an American actor and coach, and the father of actors Eric Lively and Blake Lively.", "Q368209": "Salama Moussa (or Musa; 1887 \u2013 4 August 1958) (Arabic: \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u200e pronounced [s\u00e6\u02c8l\u00e6\u02d0m\u00e6 \u02c8mu\u02d0s\u00e6], Coptic: \u2ca5\u2c81\u2c97\u2c81\u2c99\u2c81 \u2c99\u2cb1\u2ca9\u2ca5\u2c8f\u2ca5), born into a wealthy, land owning Coptic family in the town of Zagazig located in the Nile delta, Egypt. Salama Musa was a journalist, writer, advocate of secularism, and pioneer of Egyptian socialism. He wrote or translated 45 published books; his writings still influence Arab thought and he is frequently referred to. Salama Musa campaigned against traditional religion and urged Egyptian society to embrace European culture. He looked for political and economic independence of Egypt from the British colonization. To this end he corresponded with Gandhi who provided him with his tools of economic struggle against the British hegemony over the Indian textile industry. Mousa made use of his contact with Gandhi in helping out the national Egyptian industrialist Tala'at Harb (1867-1941) to set up independent outlets for the Egyptian textile industry nationwide in Egypt - an attempt that was vehemently resisted by the British colonial powers of the time. Mousa pleaded, for instance, in his book Ha'ula'i 'allamuni (Those who inspired me, Cairo, 1953) for the independence of thought and indigenous creativity of the contemporary Egyptians and Arabs. Mousa went in his youth to England and adhered there to Bernard Shaw's Fabian Society.", "Q1473677": "The University of Santiago de Compostela - USC (Galician: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela - USC, Spanish: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela - USC) is a public university located in the city of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. A second campus is located in Lugo, Galicia. It is one of the world's oldest universities in continuous operation.\nThe university traces its roots back to 1495, when a school was opened in Santiago. In 1504, Pope Julius II approved the foundation of a university in Santiago but \"the bull for its creation was not granted by Clement VII until 1526\". In 1555 the institute began to separate itself from strictly religious instruction with the help of Cardinal Juan \u00c1lvarez de Toledo and started to work towards developing other academic fields, including the emerging science fields.\nToday the university's facilities cover more than 130 hectares (320 acres). In terms of human resources, the university has more than 2,000 teachers involved in study and research, over 42,000 students, and more than 1,000 people working in administration and services. Moreover, in 2009, the University received the accreditation of Campus of International Excellence by the Ministry of Education, recognising USC as one of the most prestigious universities in Spain.\nThe university ranks 5th in Spain's best universities ranking by Complutense University of Madrid and IAIF and 4th amongst public universities.", "Q224765": "Mikko Johannes Niskanen (31 January 1929 \u2013 25 November 1990) was a Finnish film director, actor, producer and screenwriter. He directed more than 45 films between 1956 and 1988. \nHis most acclaimed films include The Boys (1962), Under Your Skin (1966) The Song of the Blood-Red Flower (1971), and Eight Deadly Shots (1972). He won a record number of six Jussi Awards for direction over his career.", "Q439209": "Patrik Ou\u0159edn\u00edk (in French sometimes known as Patrick; born April 23, 1957 in Prague) is a Czech author and translator, living in France.\nOu\u0159edn\u00edk spent his youth in Prague. In 1984 he emigrated to France, where he first worked as a chess consultant, then as a librarian. From 1986 to 1998 he served as editor and head of the literature section of the quarterly L'Autre Europe. In 1992 he was instrumental in founding the Free University of Nouallaguet, and he has lectured there since 1995.\nTranslator from French into Czech (Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais, Alfred Jarry, Raymond Queneau, Samuel Beckett, Henri Michaux, Boris Vian, Claude Simon...) and from Czech into French (Bohumil Hrabal, Vladim\u00edr Holan, Jan Sk\u00e1cel, Miroslav Holub, Ji\u0159\u00ed Gru\u0161a, Ivan Wernisch...), Ou\u0159edn\u00edk is also the author of various literary texts. His production is characterized by an interest in curious and surprising aspects of life, by an experimentation in exploring language, literary forms and genres, and by a constant attention to ludic aspects. Words, events, social stereotypes, readings, the story itself are continuously mixed up in a lucid, hilarious game of intertextuality as witnessed, for example, in three of his novels translated into English: Europeana. A Brief History of the Twentieth Century, The Opportune Moment, 1855, and Case Closed.\nEuropeana. A Brief History of the Twentieth Century (Dalkey Archive Press, 2005)\nBook of the Year in the Czech Republic (Lidov\u00e9 noviny), Top Shelf in United States (The Village Voice), translated into 33 languages (2017), Europeana is a mordant deconstruction of historical memory where all references\u2014events, slogans, persons, dates\u2014accumulate and then return, vague and vacillating, to alienate the reader.\nThe Opportune Moment, 1855 (Dalkey Archive Press, 2011).\nBook of the Year in Italy (La Stampa). In 1855, a group of anarchists, communists, and libertarians leaves Europe for Brazil in order to establish the colony Fraternitas, based on the principles of community and egalitarianism. The project collapses, as does the linear narration.\nCase Closed (Dalkey Archive Press, 2010)\nSeemingly a detective novel, set in a dreamlike post-Communist Prague. Revolving around a fistful of harmless, humorous retirees who sit and chat on the local park bench, the plot is replete with mysterious hints, crippled language, unsolved crimes, at least one suspicious suicide, and a bizarre rape. Who, where, when, how, why?", "Q72575": "William Frederick Philip, Duke of W\u00fcrttemberg (27 December 1761, Stettin \u2013 10 August 1830, Schloss von Stetten im Remstal) was a prince of the House of W\u00fcrttemberg and a minister for war.\n\n", "Q62766": "Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969), known professionally as Jay-Z (stylized as JAY-Z), is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, record executive, and businessman.\nBorn and raised in New York City, Jay-Z first began his musical career after founding the record label Roc-A-Fella Records in 1995, and subsequently released his debut studio album Reasonable Doubt in 1996. The album was released to widespread critical success, and solidified his standing in the music industry. He has gone on to release twelve additional albums, which have all attained generally positive critical reception and commercial success, including The Blueprint (2001) and The Black Album (2003). Jay-Z has also released the full-length collaborative albums Watch the Throne (2011) and Everything Is Love (2018) with Kanye West and wife Beyonc\u00e9, respectively.Outside of his musical career, Jay-Z has also attained significant success and media attention for his career as a businessman. In 1999, he founded the clothing retailer Rocawear, and in 2003, he founded the luxury sports bar chain 40/40 Club. Both businesses have grown to become multi-million dollar corporations, and allowed Jay-Z to fund the start-up for the entertainment company Roc Nation, which was founded in 2008. In 2015, he acquired the tech company Aspiro and took charge of their media streaming service Tidal.Jay-Z is one of the world's best-selling music artists, with over 50 million albums and 75 million singles sold worldwide. He has won a total of 22 Grammy Awards, the most by a rapper, and holds the record for the most number-one albums by a solo artist on the Billboard 200, with 14. He has been ranked by Billboard and fellow music publication Rolling Stone as one of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. In 2017, he became the first rapper to be honored into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and in 2018, received the commemorative \"Salute to Industry Icons\" award at the 60th Grammy Awards. In June 2019, Jay-Z officially became the first hip hop billionaire, making him the fifth wealthiest African-American and the wealthiest American musician.", "Q213122": "Elizabeth Anne Ford (n\u00e9e Bloomer; formerly Warren; April 8, 1918 \u2013 July 8, 2011) was the First Lady of the United States from 1974 to 1977, as the wife of President Gerald Ford. As First Lady, she was active in social policy and set a precedent as a politically active presidential spouse. Ford also served as the Second Lady of the United States from 1973 to 1974.\nThroughout her husband's term in office, she maintained high approval ratings despite opposition from some conservative Republicans who objected to her more moderate and liberal positions on social issues. Ford was noted for raising breast cancer awareness following her 1974 mastectomy. In addition, she was a passionate supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). As a supporter of Abortion rights and a leader in the Women's Movement, she gained fame as one of the most candid first ladies in history, commenting on every hot-button issue of the time, including feminism, equal pay, the Equal Rights Amendment, sex, drugs, abortion, and gun control. She also raised awareness of addiction when in the 1970s, she announced her long-running battle with alcoholism and substance abuse, being the first First Lady to do so.\nFollowing her White House years, she continued to lobby for the ERA and remained active in the feminist movement. She was the founder, and served as the first chair of the board of directors, of the Betty Ford Center for substance abuse and addiction. She was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal (co-presentation with her husband on October 21, 1998) and the Presidential Medal of Freedom (presented 1991 by George H. W. Bush).", "Q99259": "Dieter Schulte (born 13 January 1940) is a German trade union leader. He was chairman of the German Confederation of Trade Unions (DGB) from 1994 to 2002.\nBorn in Duisburg, Schulte worked as a bricklayer, then for Thyssen Stahl AG. In 1957, he joined the Building and Construction Union, then in 1958 transferred to IG Metall. From 1970, he held a variety of union posts, eventually in 1991 becoming the union's director. He left in 1994 to become president of the DGB, serving until his retirement in 2002.\n\n", "Q734018": "Gamal el-Ghitani, (Arabic: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0649\u200e, IPA: [\u0261\u00e6\u02c8m\u00e6\u02d0l el \u0263e\u02c8t\u02e4\u0251\u02d0ni]; 9 May 1945 \u2013 18 October 2015) was an Egyptian author of historical and political novels and cultural and political commentaries and was the editor-in-chief of the literary periodical Akhbar Al-Adab (\"Cultural News\") till 2011.", "Q6297094": "Joy Division is a 2007 British documentary film on the British post-punk band Joy Division, directed by Grant Gee.\nThe film assembles TV clips, newsreel, pictures of modern Manchester and Manchester in the late 1970s, and interviews. The interviewees include the three surviving members of the group, Tony Wilson, Peter Saville, Pete Shelley (of Buzzcocks), Genesis Breyer P-Orridge (of Throbbing Gristle), Alan Hempsall (of Crispy Ambulance), Paul Morley, Terry Mason, Richard Boon, Anton Corbijn, and Belgian journalist Annik Honor\u00e9, with whom Ian Curtis was having an affair.Film critic Philip French: \"Someone says in the film that the revolutionary step they made was to progress from the usual punk group's angry statement: 'Fuck you.' Joy Division were the first to say: 'We're fucked.' There is a particularly impressive sequence in which dark, despairing tracks of urban alienation and angst from the 1979 album Unknown Pleasures are accompanied by a speeded-up nocturnal journey around Manchester. It has the hallucinatory sci-fi feeling of Jean-Luc Godard's Alphaville.\" The person being quoted was Tony Wilson.", "Q106597": "Johann Heinrich Acker (12 August 1647 \u2013 21 September 1719) was a German writer. He sometimes wrote under the name of Melissander.\nHe was taught in his native city of Naumburg and at the regional school of Pforta (Schulpforta). Beginning in 1669, he studied in Jena where he became magister and adjunct of the philosophical faculty. In 1673 he became adjunct and pastor in Hausen near Gotha, and in 1689 he became superintendent and court chaplain in Blankenhain. He resigned in 1717 due to an illness and moved to Gotha, where he died in 1719.", "Q1031880": "Thomas Patrick Lowndes de Waal (born 1966) is a British journalist and writer on the Caucasus. He is best known for his 2003 book Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War.", "Q552331": "Joel W. Thorne (16 October 1914 New York City \u2013 17 October 1955 North Hollywood, California) was an American racecar driver, engineer, and playboy. He died when he crashed his private plane, after what witnesses described as \"stunting\", into an apartment building, killing three residents including a two-month-old baby. Thorne raced his own cars is the Indianapolis 500, and later went on to attempt to design aircraft.\nThe 1946 Indianapolis 500 was won by a car built by Thorne and driven by George Robson. One of Thorne's cars also won the pole position and finished second in the 1939 Indianapolis 500 with Jimmy Snyder behind the wheel.", "Q98147": "Hugo D\u00f6blin (29 October 1876 \u2013 4 November 1960) was a German stage and film actor. He appeared in more than eighty films, most of them during the silent era. The Jewish D\u00f6blin left German following the Nazi Party's rise to power in 1933, and after moving first to Czechoslovakia and Austria, eventually settled in Switzerland. His younger brother was novelist, essayist, and doctor Alfred D\u00f6blin (1878\u20131957).", "Q97274": "Ilse-Margret Vogel (5 June 1914 \u2013 7 October 2001) was a German-American author who mostly wrote for children and young adults. However, she is perhaps best known for her memoir Bad Times, Good Friends - A personal memoir which tells the story of her life between 1943 and 1945 living in Nazi Germany and how a small group of German artists and dissidents lived under Hitler.\nHer husband is artist, children's author and illustrator Howard Knotts.", "Q7346080": "Robert James Jeffress Jr. (born November 29, 1955) is an American Southern Baptist (Evangelical) pastor, author, and radio and television host. He is the Senior Minister of the 14,000-member First Baptist Church in Dallas, Texas and is a Fox News Contributor. His sermons are broadcast on the television and radio program Pathway to Victory, which is broadcast on more than 1,200 television stations in the United States and 28 other countries, and is heard on 900 stations and broadcast live in 195 countries.", "Q331397": "Oak Park is a village adjacent to the West Side of Chicago, Illinois. It is the 29th most populous municipality in Illinois as counted in the 2010 U.S. census. As of the 2010 United States Census the village had a population of 51,878.Oak Park was settled beginning in the 1830s, with rapid growth later in the 19th century and early 20th century. It incorporated in 1902, breaking off from Cicero. Development was spurred by railroads and street cars connecting the village to jobs in Chicago. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright and his wife settled here in 1889. Population peaked at 66,015 in 1940. Smaller families led to falling population in the same number of homes and apartments. In the 1960s, Oak Park faced the challenge of racial integration, devising many strategies to integrate rather than resegregate the village. Oak Park includes three historic districts for the historic homes: Ridgeland, Frank Lloyd Wright and Seward Gunderson, reflecting the focus on historic preservation.", "Q7754": "Mathematical analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with limits\nand related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite series, and analytic functions.These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.\nAnalysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects (a metric space).", "Q182697": "George Anthony \"Boomer\" Walkem (November 15, 1834 \u2013 January 13, 1908) was a British Columbian politician and jurist.", "Q169150": "Alexandre Dumas fils (French: [al\u025bks\u0251\u0303d\u0281 dyma fis]; 27 July 1824 \u2013 27 November 1895) was a French author and playwright, best known for the romantic novel La Dame aux Cam\u00e9lias (The Lady of the Camellias), published in 1848, which was adapted into Giuseppe Verdi's opera La traviata (The Fallen Woman), as well as numerous stage and film productions, usually titled Camille in English-language versions.\nDumas fils (French for 'son') was the son of Alexandre Dumas p\u00e8re ('father'), also a well-known playwright and author of classic works such as The Three Musketeers. Dumas fils was admitted to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise (French Academy) in 1874 and awarded the L\u00e9gion d'honneur (Legion of Honour) in 1894.", "Q70389": "Duillier is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q3128202": "Hassen Belkhodja (10 March 1916, Ras Jebel \u2013 29 November 1981), also known as Hassan Belkhodja, was a Tunisian politician and businessman.", "Q442650": "Konrad VIII the Younger (Polish: Konrad VIII M\u0142ody; after 1397 \u2013 before 5 September 1444), was a Duke of Ole\u015bnica, Ko\u017ale, half of Bytom and half of \u015acinawa during 1416\u20131427 (with his brothers as co-rulers) and sole Duke of half of \u015acinawa since 1427 until his death.\nHe was the fifth and youngest son of Konrad III the Old, Duke of Ole\u015bnica, by his wife Judith. Like his four older brothers, at the baptism he received the name of Konrad, which was characteristic in this branch of the House of Piast.", "Q162005": "Paul Gardner Allen (January 21, 1953 \u2013 October 15, 2018) was an American business magnate, researcher, investor, and philanthropist. He was best known for co-founding Microsoft Corporation with childhood friend Bill Gates in 1975, which helped spark the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s and became the world's largest personal computer software company. Allen was ranked as the 44th-wealthiest person in the world by Forbes in 2018, with an estimated net worth of $20.3 billion at the time of his death.Allen left active operations at Microsoft in early 1983 after a Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis, remaining on its board as vice chairman. He and his sister, Jody Allen, founded Vulcan Inc. in 1986, a privately held company that managed his various business and philanthropic efforts. He had a multi-billion dollar investment portfolio including technology and media companies, scientific research, real estate holdings, private space flight ventures, and stakes in other sectors. He owned the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League and the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association, and was part-owner of the Seattle Sounders FC of Major League Soccer. In 2000 he resigned from his position on Microsoft's board and assumed the post of senior strategy advisor to the company's management team.\nAllen was also the founder of the Allen Institutes for Brain Science, Artificial Intelligence and Cell Science, as well as companies like Stratolaunch Systems and Apex Learning. He gave more than $2 billion to causes such as education, wildlife and environmental conservation, the arts, healthcare, community services and more. In 2004, he funded the first manned private spaceplane with SpaceShipOne. He received numerous awards and honors in several different professions and was listed among the Time 100 Most Influential People in the World in 2007 and 2008. Allen was diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 2009. He died of septic shock related to the cancer on October 15, 2018.", "Q3014289": "Daniel Lapin (born January 1, 1947) is a South African-born American Orthodox rabbi, author, and public speaker who heads the \"American Alliance of Jews and Christians\". He was previously the founding rabbi of the Pacific Jewish Center in Venice, California, and the former head of Toward Tradition, the Commonwealth Loan Company and the Cascadia Business Institute. Lapin currently hosts a daily television program with his wife, Susan, and provides spiritual advice to people through his website.\n\n", "Q83201": "The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 developing world states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. After the United Nations, it is the largest grouping of states worldwide.Drawing on the principles agreed at the Bandung Conference in 1955, the NAM was established in 1961 in Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia through an initiative of the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Indonesian President Sukarno and the Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito. This led to the first Conference of Heads of State or Governments of Non-Aligned Countries. The term non-aligned movement first appears in the fifth conference in 1976, where participating countries are denoted as \"members of the movement\".\nThe purpose of the organization was enumerated by Fidel Castro in his Havana Declaration of 1979 as to ensure \"the national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of non-aligned countries\" in their \"struggle against imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism, and all forms of foreign aggression, occupation, domination, interference or hegemony as well as against great power and bloc politics.\" The countries of the Non-Aligned Movement represent nearly two-thirds of the United Nations' members and contain 55% of the world population. Membership is particularly concentrated in countries considered to be developing or part of the Third World, though the Non-Aligned Movement also has a number of developed nations.\nAlthough many of the Non-Aligned Movement's members were actually quite closely aligned with one or another of the superpowers (such as the People's Republic of China, an observer, or the Russian Federation, not participating in the Non-Aligned Movement), the movement still maintained cohesion throughout the Cold War, even despite several conflicts between members which also threatened the movement. In the years since the Cold War's end, it has focused on developing multilateral ties and connections as well as unity among the developing nations of the world, especially those within the Global South.", "Q69800": "Gudo is a former municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the new municipality of Bellinzona.", "Q935051": "Gerald Holton is an American physicist, historian of science, and educator, whose professional interests also include philosophy of science and the fostering of careers of young men and women. He is Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and Professor of History of Science, Em, at Harvard University. His contributions range from physical science and its history to their professional and public understanding, from studies on gender problems and ethics in science careers to those on the role of immigrants. These have been acknowledged by an unusually wide spectrum of appointments and honors, from physics to initiatives in education and other national, societal issues, to contributions for which he was selected, as the first scientist, to give the tenth annual Jefferson Lecture that the National Endowment for the Humanities describes as, \u201cthe highest honor the federal government confers for distinguished achievement in the humanities\u201d. However, his life story is also punctuated by improbable rescues during the dark time of the 20th century.", "Q313650": "William Gaither Crudup ( born July 8, 1968) known professionally as Billy Crudup, is an American actor. He is a four-time Tony Award nominee, winning once for his performance in Tom Stoppard's The Coast of Utopia in 2007. He has starred in numerous high-profile films, including Without Limits, Princess Mononoke, Almost Famous, Big Fish, Mission: Impossible III, Watchmen, Public Enemies, Spotlight, Jackie, The Stanford Prison Experiment, Justice League, and Alien: Covenant, in both lead and supporting roles. He has been nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead for his performance in Jesus' Son, and received two Screen Actors Guild Award nominations as part of ensemble cast for Almost Famous and Spotlight, winning for the latter.\nCrudup starred in the Netflix original series Gypsy in 2017. In 2019, he began playing Cory Ellison in the Apple TV+ drama series The Morning Show, which earned him the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and a nomination for the SAG Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series.", "Q155871": "Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach (7 August 1870 \u2013 16 January 1950) ran the German Friedrich Krupp AG heavy industry conglomerate from 1909 until 1941. He and his son Alfried would lead the company through two world wars, producing almost everything for the German war machine from U-boats, battleships, howitzers, trains, railway guns, machine guns, cars, tanks, and much more. Krupp produced the Tiger I tank, Big Bertha, the Paris Gun, among other inventions under Gustav. Following the war, plans to prosecute Gustav Krupp as a war criminal at the 1945 Nuremberg Trials were dropped because by then he was bedridden and senile (medically unfit for trial; his charges were still held against just in case he recovered).", "Q727702": "James Emory Garrison (March 3, 1934 \u2013 April 7, 1976) was an American jazz double bassist. He is best remembered for his association with John Coltrane from 1961 to 1967.", "Q18021": "Biella (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8bj\u025blla] (listen); Piedmontese: Biela; Latin: Bugella) is a small city and comune in the northern Italian region of Piedmont, the capital of the province of the same name, with a population of 44,324 as of 31 December 2017. It is located about 80 kilometres (50 miles) northeast of Turin and about 80 kilometres (50 miles) west-northwest of Milan.\nIt lies in the foothills of the Alps, in the Bo mountain range near Mt. Mucrone and Camino, an area rich in springs and lakes fed by the glaciers, the heart of the Biellese Alps irrigated by several mountain streams: the Elvo to the west of the town, the Oropa river and the Cervo to the east. Nearby natural and notable tourist attractions include the Zegna Viewpoint, the Bielmonte Ski Resort, Burcina Natural Reserve, and the moors to the south of town. The Sanctuary of Oropa is a site of religious pilgrimages. In 2003, the Sanctuary of Oropa Sacred Mountain of Oropa became a UNESCO World Heritage site.\nBiella is an important wool processing and textile centre. There is a small airport in the nearby comune of Cerrione.", "Q2977245": "Claude Dauphin (10 June 1951 \u2013 30 September 2015) was a French billionaire businessman and executive chairman of Trafigura Beheer BV, a company specialising in commodity trading (oil, metals, ores). In addition to being one of the company's founding partners, Dauphin had previously served as Trafigura's chairman and CEO. In March 2013 his net wealth was estimated at $1 billion by Forbes. Dauphin died from cancer in a hospital in Barrancabermeja at the age of 64 after a two-year struggle with lung cancer.", "Q314659": "Rupert William Anthony Friend (born (1981-10-09)9 October 1981) is a British actor, director, screenwriter, producer and lyricist. He is known for his work in comedies and dramas, both in television and film. For his role as Peter Quinn on the Showtime series Homeland, he was nominated for an Emmy in 2013. He went on to collaborate with Armando Iannucci in the movie The Death of Stalin in which he played Vasily Stalin, son of Joseph Stalin, and he played Theo Van Gogh, Vincent Van Gogh's brother, in Julian Schnabel's movie At Eternity's Gate. He has also worked with Wes Anderson on The French Dispatch, and previous roles include Lieutenant Kurt Kotler in the 2008 film The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, Prince Albert in The Young Victoria, Oliver in the film Starred Up and Agent 47 in the film Hitman: Agent 47.", "Q509335": "Gershon Legman (November 2, 1917 \u2013 February 23, 1999) was an American cultural critic and folklorist, best known for his books The Rationale of the Dirty Joke (1968) and The Horn Book: Studies in Erotic Folklore and Bibliography (1964).", "Q475942": "Francesc Boix i Campo (in Spanish Francisco Boix Campo, 31 August 1920 in Barcelona \u2013 7 July 1951 in Paris) was a veteran of the Spanish Civil War and photographer who was imprisoned in the Mauthausen concentration camp. At the Nuremberg and Dachau trials he presented photographs that played a role in the conviction of Nazi war criminals.", "Q2822278": "The Acad\u00e9mie d'architecture is a French learned society whose purpose is the recognition of architectural quality. Founded in 1840 as the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Centrale des Architectes, the society was renamed Acad\u00e9mie d'Architecture in 1953, reviving the name of the former Acad\u00e9mie Royale d'Architecture, founded in 1671 by Jean-Baptiste Colbert.", "Q506006": "Joe Henderson (April 24, 1937 \u2013 June 30, 2001) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist. In a career spanning more than four decades, Henderson played with many of the leading American players of his day and recorded for several prominent labels, including Blue Note.", "Q18747": "West Ham United Football Club is an English professional football club based in Stratford, East London. They compete in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club play at the London Stadium, having moved from their former home the Boleyn Ground in 2016. \nThe club was founded in 1895 as Thames Ironworks and reformed in 1900 as West Ham United. They moved to the Boleyn Ground in 1904, which remained their home ground for more than a century. The team initially competed in the Southern League and Western League before joining the Football League in 1919. They were promoted to the top flight in 1923, when they were also losing finalists in the first FA Cup Final held at Wembley. In 1940, the club won the inaugural Football League War Cup.\nWest Ham have been winners of the FA Cup three times; in 1964, 1975 and 1980, and have also been runners-up twice; in 1923 and 2006. The club have reached two major European finals, winning the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1965 and finishing runners-up in the same competition in 1976. West Ham also won the Intertoto Cup in 1999. They are one of eight clubs never to have fallen below the second tier of English football, spending 61 of 93 league seasons in the top flight, up to and including the 2018\u201319 season. The club's highest league position to date came in 1985\u201386, when they achieved third place in the then First Division.\nThree West Ham players were members of the 1966 World Cup final-winning England team: captain Bobby Moore and goalscorers Geoff Hurst and Martin Peters.", "Q389008": "After Forever was a Dutch symphonic metal band with strong progressive metal influences. The band relied on the use of both soprano vocals and death grunts.\nIn February 2009, it was announced that After Forever had disbanded. Singer Floor Jansen and keyboardist Joost van den Broek both collaborated again in ReVamp and Star One, before Jansen eventually joined Nightwish as lead singer in 2013. Former rhythm guitarist Mark Jansen founded Epica in 2002 after his departure from After Forever, and in 2010, founded MaYaN, which included former After Forever members Sander Gommans and Jack Driessen. Floor Jansen has appeared as a session or live vocalist for both Epica and MaYaN.", "Q41632": "Marsha Sue Ivins (born April 15, 1951) is an American former astronaut and a veteran of five Space Shuttle missions.", "Q112284": "Charles Moss \"Charlie\" Duke Jr. (born October 3, 1935) is an American former astronaut, U.S. Air Force (USAF) officer and test pilot. As lunar module pilot of Apollo 16 in 1972, he became (and remains) the tenth and youngest person to walk on the Moon.\nA 1957 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, he joined the USAF. He completed advanced flight training on the F-86 Sabre at Moody Air Force Base in Georgia, where he was a distinguished graduate. After completion of this training, Duke served three years as a fighter pilot with the 526th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Ramstein Air Base in West Germany. After graduating from the Aerospace Research Pilot School in September 1965, he stayed on as an instructor teaching control systems and flying in the F-101 Voodoo, F-104 Starfighter, and T-33 Shooting Star.\nIn April 1966, Duke was one of nineteen men selected for NASA's fifth group of astronauts. In 1969, he was a member of the astronaut support crew for Apollo 10. He served as CAPCOM for Apollo 11, the first crewed landing on the Moon. His distinctive Southern drawl became familiar to audiences around the world as the voice of a Mission Control made nervous by a long landing that almost expended all of the lunar module Eagle's fuel. Duke's first words to the Apollo 11 crew on the surface of the Moon were flustered, \"Roger, Twank...Tranquility, we copy you on the ground. You got a bunch of guys about to turn blue. We're breathing again. Thanks a lot!\"\nDuke was backup lunar module pilot on Apollo 13. Shortly before the mission, he caught German measles (rubella) from a friend's child and inadvertently exposed the prime crew to the disease. As Ken Mattingly had no natural immunity to the disease, Mattingly was replaced as command module pilot by Jack Swigert. Mattingly was reassigned as command module pilot of Duke's flight, Apollo 16. On this mission, Duke and John Young landed at the Descartes Highlands and conducted three extravehicular activities (EVAs). He also served as backup lunar module pilot for Apollo 17. Duke retired from NASA on January 1, 1976.\nFollowing his retirement from NASA, Duke entered the Air Force Reserve and served as a mobilization augmentee to the Commander, USAF Basic Military Training Center, and to the Commander, USAF Recruiting Service. He graduated from the Industrial College of the Armed Forces in 1978. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1979, and retired in June 1986. He has logged 4,147 hours' flying time, of which 3,632 hours is in jet aircraft, and 265 hours in space, including 21 hours and 38 minutes of EVA. A resident of New Braunfels, Texas, he has chaired the board of directors of the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation. He was named the Texan of the Year for 2020.", "Q125428": "Anton Breitenhofer (born April 10, 1912, Re\u0219i\u021ba, died December 20, 1989, Bucharest) was a Swabian (ethnic German) journalist, writer and politician in Romania. Breitenhofer spent his youth working as a locksmith in Re\u0219i\u021ba during twenty-two years. He became a member of the Communist Party of Romania during the initial phase of the Second World War. After the war he spent time in the Soviet Union, deported for forced labour. He served as editor-in-chief of Neuer Weg (German-language daily newspaper) between 1954 and 1976. He served as secretary of the German Anti-Fascist Committee 1949-1952.He became a member of the Great National Assembly in 1952. In 1955 he became a member of the Central Committee of what was by then the Romanian Workers' Party. He was a member of the State Council between 1961 and 1965, and again from 1968 and 1969. He was the Vice Chairman of the Bureau of the Council of Working People of German Nationality between 1968 and 1978. In 1968 he was included in the National Council of the Socialist Unity Front.He became a member of the bureau of the Romanian Writers' Union in 1960. He formed part of its Executive Committee between 1962 and 1968. In his literary career, he wrote novels centered on working class characters in Reschitza.In 1976 he was replaced by Ernst Breitenstein as editor-in-chief of Neuer Weg. He also resigned from his position in the Council of Working People of German Nationality. At the 13th Party Congress he was removed from the Central Committee. No official reasoning was provided for his retreat from public positions.", "Q132154": "Amy Linn\u00e9a Deasismont (born 15 April 1992), previously known under the stage name Amy Diamond, is a Swedish singer, actress, and television presenter. She is known for her single \"What's in It for Me\". The song was a 2005 hit in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland. It was the most-played song in Poland that year; it remained in the top ten for four months. She has released six studio albums and performed on television as a singer, actress and hostess.To date, her biggest hits have been \"What's In It For Me\", \"Welcome To The City\", \"Don't Cry Your Heart Out\", \"It Can Only Get Better\", \"Stay My Baby\", \"Is It Love\", \"Up\" and \"Thank You\".\nShe is also the youngest person in Sweden to have released a greatest hits album.", "Q355163": "Bruce Davison (born June 28, 1946) is an American actor and director of television, film, and theater. Davison is well known for his starring role as Willard Stiles in the cult horror film Willard (1971) and his Academy Award-nominated and Golden Globe-winning performance in Longtime Companion (1989), and as Thomas Semmes in the HBO original movie Vendetta. He featured in the X-Men film franchise \u2013 through X-Men (2000) and X2 (2003) \u2013 as antagonist Senator Robert Kelly.\nIn the 2010s, Davison appeared in Fred Schepisi's Words and Pictures (2013), had a recurring role on The Fosters (2015\u20132016) and shares the screen with Miles Teller and Anna Kendrick in Get a Job (2016).", "Q196184": "Pulse (\u56de\u8def, Kairo) is a 2001 Japanese horror film directed by Kiyoshi Kurosawa. The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival. The movie was well-received critically and has a cult following. An American remake, also titled Pulse, debuted in 2006 and spawned two sequels. The script was also adapted into a novel of the same name by Kurosawa himself.\n\n", "Q103389": "Pope Agapetus II (died 8 November 955) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 10 May 946 to his death. A nominee of the princeps of Rome, Alberic II of Spoleto, his pontificate occurred during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum.", "Q172570": "Mike Sparken was a pseudonym for Michel Poberejsky (born 16 June 1930 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine; died 21 September 2012), a former racing driver from France. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, at the 1955 British Grand Prix on 16 July. He finished seventh albeit nine laps down and scored no championship points.\nSparken was better known as a sportscar driver and much of his success came in events in North Africa.", "Q84208": "Johannes Mario Simmel (7 April 1924 \u2013 1 January 2009), also known as J. M. Simmel, was an Austrian writer.\nHe was born in Vienna and grew up in Austria and England. He was trained as a chemical engineer and worked in research from 1943 to the end of World War II. After the end of the war, he worked as a translator for the American military government and published reviews and stories in the Vienna Welt am Abend. Starting in 1950, he worked as a reporter for the Munich illustrated Quick in Europe and America.\nHe wrote a number of screenplays and novels, which have sold tens of millions of copies. Many of his novels were successfully filmed in the 1960s and 1970s. He won numerous prizes, including the Award of Excellence of the Society of Writers of the UN. Important issues in his novels are a fervent pacifism as well as the relativity of good and bad. Several novels are said to have a true background, possibly autobiographic.\nAccording to his Swiss lawyer, Simmel died on 1 January 2009 in Lucerne, at 84 years of age. This date was the 99th birthday of \"Thomas Lieven\", the main character of \"It can't always be caviar.\"", "Q67193": "Stein is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q39789": "Daniel Carlsson Solander or Daniel Charles Solander (19 February 1733 \u2013 13 May 1782) was a Swedish naturalist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus. Solander was the first university-educated scientist to set foot on Australian soil.\n\n", "Q211053": "Amalienborg (Danish pronunciation: [\u00e6\u02c8m\u025b\u02c0ljn\u0329\u02ccp\u0252\u02c0]) is the home of the Danish royal family, and is located in Copenhagen, Denmark. It consists of four identical classical palace fa\u00e7ades with rococo interiors around an octagonal courtyard (Danish: Amalienborg Slotsplads); in the centre of the square is a monumental equestrian statue of Amalienborg's founder, King Frederick V.\nAmalienborg was originally built for four noble families; however, when Christiansborg Palace burned on 26 February 1794, the royal family bought the palaces and moved in. Over the years various monarchs and their families have resided in the four different palaces.", "Q47243": "Elfriede Jelinek (German: [\u025bl\u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0d\u0259 \u02c8j\u025blin\u025bk]; born 20 October 1946) is an Austrian playwright and novelist. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2004 for her \"musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that, with extraordinary linguistic zeal, reveal the absurdity of society's clich\u00e9s and their subjugating power\".\n\n", "Q105920": "Adolf Christen (7 August 1811 \u2013 13 July 1883) was a Bavarian stage actor, theater director and theater manager of the old Munich \"Aktientheater\".Christen was born in Berlin. When the father of the actress Klara Ziegler died he got the wardship of her. First he declined her wish to become actress but later he taught her. In 1876 he married her.He died in Munich. The family grave is at the Old Southern Cemetery in Munich.\n\n", "Q93774": "The Ferryman is a New Zealand made horror film directed by Chris Graham and starring British actor John Rhys-Davies and New Zealand actress Amber Sainsbury; the film was released in the middle of 2007.\nThe 1970s style film follows a group of twenty-something's who charter a boat to Fiji for the trip of a lifetime, before stumbling upon an evil that demands vengeance at any cost.\nThe film has sold to over 38 countries including the United States, Great Britain, Germany and most of Asia with worldwide sales receipts now in the millions of dollars.\n\n", "Q428489": "Curtain Call is a 1998 romantic comedy directed by Peter Yates, photographed by Sven Nykvist and edited by Hughes Winborne. It stars James Spader, Polly Walker, Michael Caine and Maggie Smith. The film was later re-released under the title It All Came True (not to be confused with the completely unrelated 1940 Humphrey Bogart film of the same name). It was to be Peter Yates' last film made for cinema, although in most markets it went directly to TV or home video.", "Q202749": "Edmond Eug\u00e8ne Alexis Rostand (UK: , US: , French: [\u025bdm\u0254\u0303 \u0281\u0254st\u0251\u0303]; 1 April 1868 \u2013 2 December 1918) was a French poet and dramatist. He is associated with neo-romanticism and is known best for his play Cyrano de Bergerac. Rostand's romantic plays contrasted with the naturalistic theatre popular during the late nineteenth century. Another of Rostand's works, Les Romanesques, was adapted to the musical comedy The Fantasticks.", "Q74689": "Karan Brar (born January 18, 1999) is an American actor. He portrayed Chirag Gupta in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film franchise and Ravi Ross on the Disney Channel Original Series Jessie and its subsequent spin-off Bunk'd.", "Q7032": "Filderstadt is a town in the district of Esslingen in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in southern Germany. It is located approximately 13 km south of Stuttgart.\nFilderstadt is located next to the Stuttgart Airport and the new Trade Fair. Line S2 of the Stuttgart S-Bahn terminates at Filderstadt station.\nFilderstadt was created as a town in 1975 from five smaller villages called Bernhausen, Bonlanden, Plattenhardt, Sielmingen and Harthausen.\nFrom 1978\u20132005, it played host to the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix, a WTA Tier II event.\nPrincess Claire of Luxembourg was born here on March 21, 1985.\nGerman writer Michael Ende, author of the Neverending Story, died in Filderstadt in 1995.", "Q185846": "Chris Noonan (born 14 November 1952) is an Australian filmmaker and actor. He best known for the family film Babe (1995), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director and Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.", "Q327293": "Anish Kapoor (born 12 March 1954) is a British Indian sculptor specializing in installation art and conceptual art. Born in Mumbai, Kapoor has lived and worked in London since the early 1970s when he moved to study art, first at the Hornsey College of Art and later at the Chelsea School of Art and Design.\nKapoor represented Britain at the XLIV Venice Biennale in 1990, when he was awarded the Premio Duemila Prize. In 1991, he received the Turner Prize and in 2002 received the Unilever Commission for the Turbine Hall at Tate Modern. His notable public sculptures include Cloud Gate (2006, colloquially known as \"the Bean\") in Chicago's Millennium Park; Sky Mirror, exhibited at the Rockefeller Center in New York City in 2006 and Kensington Gardens in London in 2010; Temenos, at Middlehaven, Middlesbrough; Leviathan, at the Grand Palais in Paris in 2011; and ArcelorMittal Orbit, commissioned as a permanent artwork for London's Olympic Park and completed in 2012. In 2017 Kapoor designed the statuette for the 2018 Brit Awards.Kapoor received a knighthood in the 2013 Birthday Honours for services to visual arts. He was awarded an honorary doctorate degree from the University of Oxford in 2014. In 2012, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Indian government which is India's third-highest civilian award. An image of Kapoor features in the British cultural icons section of the newly designed British passport in 2015. In 2016, he was announced as a recipient of the LennonOno Grant for Peace. In February 2017 Kapoor, who is Jewish, was announced as the recipient of the US$1 million Genesis Prize, which \"recognises individuals who have attained excellence and international renown in their fields and whose actions and achievements express a commitment to Jewish values, the Jewish community and the State of Israel\".", "Q177408": "Jean-Marie Balestre (9 April 1921 \u2013 27 March 2008) was a French auto racing executive administrator, who became President of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA) from 1978 to 1991 and President of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) from 1985 to 1993.", "Q204338": "Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0301\u043d \u042f\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 23 November [O.S. 11 November] 1898 \u2013 31 March 1967) was a Soviet military commander in World War II, Marshal of the Soviet Union, and Defense Minister of the Soviet Union in the late 1950s and 1960s. He contributed to the major defeat of Nazi Germany at the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Budapest. During the post-war era, he made a pivotal contribution to the strengthening of the Soviet Union as a military superpower.", "Q1388107": "Jorge Su\u00e1rez Carbajal (born March 13, 1986 in Oviedo), is an Asturian piper, Asturias' Champion in 2004 and representing the Principality in the MacCrimmon Trophy (formerly Macallan Trophy) (Festival Interceltique de Lorient) for four consecutive years.\nIn 2011, he received the Award for Best Piper AMAS, awarded by the Anuario de la M\u00fasica en Asturias (Yearbook of Music in Asturias), for his career. Also in 2012 the Centro Asturiano de Madrid (Asturian Cultural Association of Madrid) gives him the prize called \"Urogallo de Bronce\" (Bronze Capercaillie) at the bagpipes category, for his career as piper.", "Q317350": "Sir John Kenneth Tavener (28 January 1944 \u2013 12 November 2013) was an English composer, known for his extensive output of religious works, including The Protecting Veil, Song for Athene and The Lamb.\nTavener first came to prominence with his cantata The Whale, premiered in 1968. Then aged 24, he was described by The Guardian as \"the musical discovery of the year\", while The Times said he was \"among the very best creative talents of his generation.\" During his career he became one of the best known and popular composers of his generation, most particularly for The Protecting Veil, which as recorded by cellist Steven Isserlis became a best-selling album, and Song for Athene which was sung at the funeral of Princess Diana. The Lamb featured in the soundtrack for Paolo Sorrentino's film The Great Beauty. Tavener was knighted in 2000 for his services to music and won an Ivor Novello Award. He was awarded an Honorary Fellowship by Sarum College in 2001.", "Q90269": "Guido G\u00f6rres (28 May 1805 \u2013 14 July 1852) was a German Catholic historian, publicist and poet.", "Q1230298": "La Croix (French pronunciation: \u200b[la\u02c8k\u0281wa]; English: The Cross) is a daily French general-interest Roman Catholic newspaper. It is published in Paris and distributed throughout France, with a circulation of 87,000 as of 2018. It is not explicitly left or right on major political issues; rather, the newspaper adopts the Church's position. However, La Croix ought not be confused with a religious newspaper\u2014its topics are of general interest: world news, the economy, religion and spirituality, parenting, culture and science.", "Q15123187": "The Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkish: Halklar\u0131n Demokratik Partisi (HDP), Kurdish: Partiya Demokrat\u00eek a Gelan), or Democratic Party of the Peoples, is a pro-minority political party in Turkey. Generally left-wing, the party places a strong emphasis on participatory democracy, radical democracy, feminism, minority rights, youth rights and egalitarianism. It is an associate member of the Party of European Socialists (PES) and a consultative member of the Socialist International.Aspiring to fundamentally challenge the existing Turkish-Kurdish divide and other existing parameters in Turkish politics, the HDP was founded in 2012 as the political wing of the Peoples' Democratic Congress, a union of numerous left-wing movements that had previously fielded candidates as independents to bypass the 10% election threshold. The HDP is in an alliance with the Kurdish Democratic Regions Party (DBP), often described as the HDP's fraternal party. From 2013 to 2015, the HDP participated in peace negotiations between the Turkish government and the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). The AKP accuses the HDP of having direct links with the PKK.The party operates a co-presidential system of leadership, with one chairman and one chairwoman. In the 2014 presidential election, the party put forward its chairman, Selahattin Demirta\u015f, who won 9.77% of the vote. Despite concerns that it could fall short of the 10% election threshold, the party put forward party-lists instead of running independent candidates in the subsequent June 2015 general election. Exceeding expectations, it polled at 13.12%, becoming the third largest parliamentary group. The party briefly participated in the interim election government formed by AKP Prime Minister Ahmet Davuto\u011flu on 28 August 2015, with HDP MPs Ali Haydar Konca and M\u00fcsl\u00fcm Do\u011fan becoming the Minister of European Union Affairs and the Minister of Development respectively.\nWitnessing the 2016 Turkish coup attempt and pointing out previous repression of democratic forces by martial powers, the HDP strongly opposed the coup. The HDP was first ignored and put aside of the post-coup national truce while the Turkish purges targeted alleged members of the G\u00fclen movement. From September 2016 and forward, the Judiciary of Turkey started to submit HDP elected officials to anti-terrorism accusations. As of March 2018, the MP status of seven HDP representatives had been revoked and six more representatives, including the ex-chairman Demirta\u015f, remained under arrest, disturbing widely the HDP's ability to communicate and be active on the political scene.", "Q928014": "Ernest Oliver Kirkendall (July 6, 1914 \u2013 August 22, 2005) was an American chemist and metallurgist. He is known for his 1947 discovery of the Kirkendall effect.", "Q98635": "Hartmut F\u00e4hndrich (born 14 October 1944) is a German scholar and translator, specialising in translation of Arabic literature into German. He was born in T\u00fcbingen and studied at the universities of T\u00fcbingen, M\u00fcnster, and UCLA. He obtained an MA in comparative literature and a PhD in Islamic studies from UCLA. In 1972, he moved to Switzerland where he has lived ever since. He has taught at the University of Bern and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Z\u00fcrich.F\u00e4hndrich has translated more than 50 book-length works and numerous other shorter pieces. His first translated work was Wild Thorns (German title: Der Feigenkaktus) by Sahar Khalifeh in 1983. Since then he has translated books by many of the most important Arabic writers, from Naguib Mahfouz to Alaa al-Aswany. A partial list of these writers is provided below; the full list can be found here (PDF).\nF\u00e4hndrich has received numerous awards for his work, including several from the city of Bern, one from the Arab League in 2004, from Egypt's Supreme Council of Culture in 2006, and the Saudi King Abdullah International Award for Translation in 2009, the world's richest translation prize. Of the Saudi award, F\u00e4hndrich said that only a fraction of the prize money he was supposed to have shared with an Arab colleague has arrived so far (as of October 2012), F\u00e4hndrich said \"I feel I've been cheated\". F\u00e4hndrich was also a member of the IPAF jury in 2008.", "Q121882": "Ida Glanzmann is a Swiss politician and current Vice President of the Christian Democratic People's Party.\nFrom 1995 to 2006 she was active as councillor in the legislature of the canton of Lucerne. Between 1997 and 2004 she was Vice-President of CVP Canton Lucerne. 2001 to 2009 she chaired the CVP Women Switzerland.\nGlanzmann-Hunkeler was elected to the National Council on 18 September 2006. As part of its mandate Parliament she is a member of the Control Committee and the Safety Policy Committee and delegates to the Parliamentary Assembly of the OSCE.\nGlanzmann-Hunkeler lives in Altishofen. She has three children.\n\n", "Q552443": "George (German: Georg; 12 August 1779 \u2013 6 September 1860) ruled the state of Mecklenburg-Strelitz as Grand Duke of Mecklenburg from 1816 until his death.\n\n", "Q7026": "Catalan (; autonym: catal\u00e0; Eastern Catalan: [k\u0259t\u0259\u02c8la]) is a Western Romance language derived from Vulgar Latin and named after the medieval Principality of Catalonia, in northeastern modern Spain. It is the only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, Valencia (where the language is known as Valencian) and Balearic Islands. It also has semi-official status in the Italian comune of Alghero. It is also spoken in the eastern strip of Aragon, in some villages of the region of Murcia called Carche and in the Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Orientales department of France. These territories are often called Pa\u00efsos Catalans or \"Catalan Countries\".\nCatalan evolved from Vulgar Latin in the Middle Ages around the eastern Pyrenees. 19th-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, culminating in the early 1900s.", "Q81364": "Kim David Henkel (born January 19, 1946) is an American screenwriter, director, producer, and actor. He is best known as the co-writer of Tobe Hooper's horror film The Texas Chain Saw Massacre.", "Q327287": "William Lawrence Shirer (; February 23, 1904 \u2013 December 28, 1993) was an American journalist and war correspondent. He wrote The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, a history of Nazi Germany that has been read by many and cited in scholarly works for more than 50 years. Originally a foreign correspondent for the Chicago Tribune and the International News Service, Shirer was the first reporter hired by Edward R. Murrow for what would become a CBS radio team of journalists known as \"Murrow's Boys\". He became known for his broadcasts from Berlin, from the rise of the Nazi dictatorship through the first year of World War II (1940). With Murrow, he organized the first broadcast world news roundup, a format still followed by news broadcasts.\nShirer wrote more than a dozen books besides The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, including Berlin Diary (published in 1941); The Collapse of the Third Republic (1969), which drew on his experience living and working in France from 1925 to 1933; and a three-volume autobiography, 20th Century Journey (1976 to 1990).", "Q6338": "Olga Rypakova (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u044b\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430; n\u00e9e Alekseyeva; 30 November 1984) is a Kazakh track and field athlete. Originally a heptathlete, she switched to focus on the long jump and began to compete in the triple jump after 2007. Her first successes came in the combined events at Asian competitions \u2013 she won the women's pentathlon at the 2005 Asian Indoor Games and took the heptathlon gold at the 2006 Asian Games the following year.\nShe competed in both jumping events at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and finished fourth in the triple jump with an Asian record of 15.11 metres. Rypakova has represented Kazakhstan at the 2007 and 2009 World Championships in Athletics. She reached the world podium for the first time at the 2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships, where she took gold with an Asian indoor record jump of 15.14 m. She won the gold medal in triple jump at the 2012 London Olympics.", "Q170373": "Sir Christopher Wren PRS FRS (; 30 October 1632 [O.S. 20 October] \u2013 8 March 1723 [O.S. 25 February]) was an English anatomist, astronomer, geometer, and mathematician-physicist, as well as one of the most highly acclaimed English architects in history.\nHe was accorded responsibility for rebuilding 52 churches in the City of London after the Great Fire in 1666, including what is regarded as his masterpiece, St Paul's Cathedral, on Ludgate Hill, completed in 1710.The principal creative responsibility for a number of the churches is now more commonly attributed to others in his office, especially Nicholas Hawksmoor. Other notable buildings by Wren include the Royal Hospital Chelsea, Royal Naval College, Greenwich, and the south front of Hampton Court Palace. The Wren Building, the main building at the College of William and Mary, Virginia, is attributed to Wren.\nEducated in Latin and Aristotelian physics at the University of Oxford, Wren was a founder of the Royal Society (president 1680\u20131682), and his scientific work was highly regarded by Isaac Newton and Blaise Pascal.", "Q952960": "The National Polytechnic University of Armenia (Armenian: \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576\u056b \u0561\u0566\u0563\u0561\u0575\u056b\u0576 \u057a\u0578\u056c\u056b\u057f\u0565\u056d\u0576\u056b\u056f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0570\u0561\u0574\u0561\u056c\u057d\u0561\u0580\u0561\u0576), is a technical university located in Yerevan, Armenia. Established as the Karl Marx Institute of Polytechnic in 1933, it provides educational and research programs in various fields of technology and science related to engineering. The university includes a Central Campus in Yerevan and Branch Campuses located in Gyumri, Vanadzor and Kapan. Currently there are more than 8,000 students and more than 750 faculty members.", "Q85102": "Gerda Hedwig Lerner (n\u00e9e Kronstein; April 30, 1920 \u2013 January 2, 2013) was an Austrian-born American historian and feminist author. In addition to her numerous scholarly publications, she wrote poetry, fiction, theater pieces, screenplays, and an autobiography. She served as president of the Organization of American Historians in 1980\u201381. In 1980 she was appointed Robinson Edwards Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where she taught until retiring in 1991.\nLerner was one of the founders of the academic field of women's history. In 1963, while still an undergraduate at the New School for Social Research, she taught \"Great Women in American History\", which is considered to be the first regular college course on women's history offered anywhere.She taught at Long Island University from 1965 to 1967. She played a key role in the development of women's history curricula and was involved in the development of degree programs in women's history at Sarah Lawrence College (where she taught from 1968 to 1979 and established the nation's first master's degree program in women's history) and at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where she launched the first Ph.D. program in women's history. She also worked at Duke University and Columbia University, where she was a co-founder of the Seminar on Women.\n\n", "Q66299": "The poet Ava (c. 1060 \u2013 7 February 1127), also known as Frau Ava, Ava of G\u00f6ttweig or Ava of Melk, was the first named female writer in any genre in the German language. She is the author of five poems which focused on Christian themes of salvation and the second coming of Christ. She is known for her simple rhyming couplets written in the vernacular, making complex biblical teachings accessible to the people of her time.", "Q5631": "Hugh of Fouilloy (born between 1096 and 1111 in Fouilloy (near Amiens); died c. 1172, Saint-Laurent-au-Bois) was a French cleric, prior of St.-Nicholas-de-Regny (1132) and St.-Laurent-au-Bois (1152). He is notable for writing De claustro animae (The Cloister of the Soul) and De medicina animae (The Medicine of the Soul), allegorical texts on monastic spirituality. His De avibus, a moral treatise on birds was incorporated into many versions of the popular medieval bestiary.", "Q132140": "Federal University of Minas Gerais (Portuguese: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG) is a federal university located in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. UFMG is one of Brazil's five largest universities, being the largest federal university. It offers 75 undergraduate degrees, including a Medicine degree, Law and Economics, plus Engineering and Science and Art degrees. It offers 57 PhD programs, 66 MSc programs, 79 Post-Baccalaureate programs and 41 medical residency programs. UFMG has a population of 49,254 students.\nThe university also has campuses in Tiradentes and Montes Claros. Most courses, however, are taught at the main campus, located in the Pampulha neighborhood of Belo Horizonte. It receives the second highest amount of federal resources among other federal universities and registered over 1060 national and international patents in 2016, the biggest amount among other Brazilian higher education institutions. In 2014, according to Scopus, UFMG published over three thousand articles in influential international newspapers and magazines. In addition, 784 of their teachers are researchers for Brazil's National Council for Scientific and Technological Development.Past students include former Brazilian presidents Dilma Rousseff, Juscelino Kubitschek and Tancredo Neves; former Governor of Minas Gerais Rondon Pacheco; writer, medical doctor and diplomat Jo\u00e3o Guimar\u00e3es Rosa, writers Fernando Sabino, Pedro Nava and Cyro dos Anjos; plastic surgeon Ivo Pitanguy, poet Carlos Drummond de Andrade and musicians Fernando Brant, Samuel Rosa of Skank and Fernanda Takai of Pato Fu.\nThe undergraduate students are admitted through the national annual exams called Exame Nacional do Ensino M\u00e9dio (National High School Exam). Its undergraduate courses were ranked 1st place in the 2007 results of the Student's National Performance Exam (ENADE). UFMG is the ninth best university in Latin America, according to the 2019 Times Higher Education ranking.. In 2018, it was elected by Folha de S.Paulo as the 3rd best university in Brazil. UFMG's communication, psychology and management degrees, among others, were also elected as the best in the country and almost all undergraduate courses offered by the institution rank in the top 5 when compared to their counterparts in other Brazilian universities. Furthermore, the university is the highest ranking Brazilian university in terms of quality of education and second place when it comes to recognition in the job market.", "Q1245607": "Axel Willner is a Swedish electronic music producer and DJ from Stockholm and currently based in Berlin, best known for his releases as The Field, blending micro-samples of pop songs into atmospheric minimal techno.", "Q2799961": "The Civil and Military Gazette was a daily English language newspaper founded in 1872 in British India. It was published from Lahore, Simla and Karachi, some times simultaneously, until its closure in 1963.", "Q710804": "Eus\u00e8be Renaudot (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u00f8z\u025bb \u0281\u0259nodo]; July 20, 1646 \u2013 September 7, 1720) was a French theologian and Orientalist.", "Q16967399": "White Teeth is a 2002 British four-part television drama miniseries based on the novel of the same name written by Zadie Smith.\nThe series was directed by Julian Jarrold, adapted by Simon Burke, and stars Om Puri and Phil Davis. It was broadcast by Channel 4 over four consecutive weeks between 17 September 2002 and 8 October 2002.", "Q28848": "Saint Paul (abbreviated St. Paul) is the capital and second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2018, the city's estimated population was 307,695. Saint Paul is the county seat of Ramsey County, the smallest and most densely populated county in Minnesota. The city lies mostly on the east bank of the Mississippi River in the area surrounding its point of confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Minneapolis, the state's largest city. Known as the \"Twin Cities\", the two form the core of Minneapolis\u2013Saint Paul, the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with about 3.6 million residents.Founded near historic Native American settlements as a trading and transportation center, the city rose to prominence when it was named the capital of the Minnesota Territory in 1849. The Dakota name for Saint Paul is \"Imnizaska\". Regionally, the city is known for the Xcel Energy Center, home of the Minnesota Wild, and for the Science Museum of Minnesota. As a business hub of the Upper Midwest, it is the headquarters of companies such as Ecolab. Saint Paul, along with its twin city, Minneapolis, is known for its high literacy rate.The settlement originally began at present-day Lambert's Landing, but was known as Pig's Eye after Pierre \"Pig's Eye\" Parrant established a popular tavern there. When Lucien Galtier, the first Catholic pastor of the region, established the Log Chapel of Saint Paul (shortly thereafter to become the first location of the Cathedral of Saint Paul), he made it known that the settlement was now to be called by that name, as \"Saint Paul as applied to a town or city was well appropriated, this monosyllable is short, sounds good, it is understood by all Christian denominations\".", "Q315553": "Hara Takashi (\u539f \u656c, 15 March 1856 (\u5b89\u653f3\u5e742\u67089\u65e5) \u2013 4 November 1921) was a Japanese politician and the Prime Minister of Japan from 1918 until his assassination on 4 November 1921. He was also called Hara Kei informally. He was the first commoner appointed to the office of prime minister of Japan, giving him the informal title of \"commoner prime minister\" (\u5e73\u6c11\u5bb0\u76f8, heimin saish\u014d). He was also the first Christian Prime Minister of Japan.", "Q1978432": "Anatoly Aleksandrovich Wasserman (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0430\u0301\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d, Ukrainian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0439 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d; born 9 December 1952, in Odessa, USSR) is a journalist and political pundit who has won television intellectual quiz shows.", "Q48602": "Andrea Riccardi (born 16 January 1950 in Rome) is an Italian historian, professor, politician and activist, founder of the Community of Sant'Egidio. He served as Minister for International Cooperation without portfolio in the Monti Cabinet.", "Q16018": "Steinfurt is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Steinfurt.\n\n", "Q975461": "The creation of the Lebanese University was an idea first mentioned in the speech of the former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Hamid Frangieh during the closing ceremony of the Third UNESCO Conference in Beirut held on 11 December 1948, during which he said: \"Lebanon hopes to see the creation of a Lebanese university having the spirit of UNESCO\"\n\n", "Q172202": "Major Anthony Peter Roylance Rolt, MC & Bar, (16 October 1918 \u2013 6 February 2008) was a British racing driver, soldier and engineer. A war hero, Rolt maintained a long connection with the sport, albeit behind the scenes. The Ferguson 4WD project he was involved in paid off with spectacular results, and he was involved in other engineering projects. At his death, he was the longest surviving participant of the first ever World Championship Grand Prix at Silverstone in 1950. He was one of the last pre-war winners remaining too \u2013 he won the 1939 British Empire Trophy, aged just 20 in 1939 \u2013 this was after he started his career in 1935, as a 16-year-old, in a 3-wheeler Morgan in speed trials. He won the 1953 24 Hours of Le Mans and participated in three Formula One World Championship Grands Prix.", "Q933434": "Michel Drucker, CQ (born 12 September 1942 in Vire) is a popular French journalist and TV host. He has been on screen for so long and so permanently (in various shows and on different networks, both public and private), that he once said that some people consider that he was included in the price of their TV sets.\nHis younger brother, Jacques, is a doctor, and his older brother, Jean, was a television executive. He started a journalistic career in 1965 at the ORTF as sports reporter and commentator. Although he kept doing live coverage of major soccer matches until 1986, he soon turned to hosting variety shows, such as Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es on Antenne 2 in the 1980s, then Stars 90 on TF1 in the 1990s, then finally Vivement dimanche on France 2 every Sunday afternoon since 1998.\nDrucker is known for his polite and toned-down attitude towards show-business stars, and best known outside France for the incident between Serge Gainsbourg and American singer Whitney Houston on the television programme, Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es.", "Q258447": "\u00c4\u00e4nekoski (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u00e6\u02d0nek\u02cckoski]) is a town in Finland.\nIt is located in the Central Finland region. The town has a population of 18,871 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 1,138.39 square kilometres (439.53 sq mi) of which 253.84 km2 (98.01 sq mi)\nis water. The population density is 21.33 inhabitants per square kilometre (55.2/sq mi).\nNeighbouring municipalities are Kannonkoski, Konnevesi, Laukaa, Saarij\u00e4rvi, Uurainen, Vesanto and Viitasaari.\nThe municipality is unilingually Finnish.The municipality of \u00c4\u00e4nekosken maalaiskunta was consolidated to \u00c4\u00e4nekoski in 1969 and the municipality of Konginkangas in 1993. The municipalities of Sumiainen and Suolahti were consolidated to \u00c4\u00e4nekoski in 2007.", "Q621": "Versailles (French pronunciation: [v\u025b\u0281s\u0251j] (listen)) is a city in the Yvelines d\u00e9partement in the \u00cele-de-France region, renowned worldwide for the Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles and the gardens of Versailles, designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Located in the western suburbs of the French capital, 17.1 km (10.6 mi) from the centre of Paris, Versailles is in the 21st century a wealthy suburb of Paris with a service-based economy and a major tourist destination as well. According to the 2008 census, the population of the city is 88,641 inhabitants, down from a peak of 94,145 in 1975.\nA new town founded at the will of King Louis XIV, Versailles was the de facto capital of the Kingdom of France for over a century, from 1682 to 1789, before becoming the cradle of the French Revolution. After having lost its status of royal city, it became the pr\u00e9fecture (regional capital) of the Seine-et-Oise d\u00e9partement in 1790, then of Yvelines in 1968. It is also a Roman Catholic diocese. \nVersailles is historically known for numerous treaties such as the Treaty of Paris, which ended the American Revolution, and the Treaty of Versailles, after World War I. Today, the Congress of France \u2013 the name given to the body created when both houses of the French Parliament, the National Assembly and the Senate, meet \u2013 gathers in the Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles to vote on revisions to the Constitution.", "Q93006": "Paul Ernest Debevec is a researcher in computer graphics at the University of Southern California's Institute for Creative Technologies. He is best known for his work in finding, capturing and synthesizing the bidirectional scattering distribution function utilizing the light stages his research team constructed to find and capture the reflectance field over the human face, high dynamic range imaging and image-based modeling and rendering.\nDebevec received his undergraduate degree in mathematics and engineering from the University of Michigan, and a Ph.D. in computer science from University of California, Berkeley in 1996; his thesis research was in photogrammetry, or the recovery of the 3D shape of an object from a collection of still photographs taken from various angles. In 1997 he and a team of students produced The Campanile Movie (1997), a virtual flyby of UC Berkeley's Campanile tower. Debevec's more recent research has included methods for recording real-world illumination for use in computer graphics; a number of novel inventions for recording ambient and incident light have resulted from the work of Debevec and his team, including the light stage, of which five or more versions have been constructed, each an evolutionary improvement over the previous.\nTechniques based on Debevec's work have been used in several major motion pictures, including The Matrix (1999), The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions (2003) Spider-Man 2 (2004), King Kong (2005), Superman Returns (2006), Spider-Man 3 (2007), and Avatar (2009).\nIn addition Debevec and his team produced several short films that have premiered at SIGGRAPH's annual Electronic Theater, including Fiat Lux (1999) and The Parthenon (2004).\nDebevec, along with Tim Hawkins, John Monos and Mark Sagar, was awarded a 2010 Scientific and Engineering Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for the design and engineering of the Light Stage capture devices and the image-based facial rendering system developed for character relighting in motion pictures.In 2002, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35.Some of his later work he presented to the SIGGRAPH convention in 2008 and 2013, Digital Emily in association with Image Metrics and Digital Ira in association with Activision respectively. Digital Emily shown in 2008 was a pre-computed simulation meanwhile Digital Ira ran in real-time in 2013 and is fairly realistic looking even in real-time animation.\nIn June 2016, Debevec joined Google's Virtual Reality group.", "Q69814": "Seedorf is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.", "Q1370870": "Kazutoshi Sakurai (\u685c\u4e95 \u548c\u5bff, Sakurai Kazutoshi, born \u6afb\u4e95 \u548c\u5bff, March 8, 1970 in Tokyo) is a Japanese musician. He composes and writes almost all of the songs for his band Mr. Children, in addition to writing lyrics and singing for his solo project group Bank Band. In 2006, Sakurai ranked #8 in HMV's \"Top 30 Best Japanese Singers of All Time\" and in 2007 was voted #4 as the \"ideal father image\" by Oricon. Also, in 2009, he was chosen as one of the Young Global Leaders in World Economic Forum. As an entrepreneur, he co-founded AP Bank, where he personally provided 1 million dollars of seed money to launch and fund the nonprofit lending group which finances environmentally friendly projects.", "Q878637": "Ostap Ortwin (real name Oskar Katzenellenbogen) (born November 23, 1876, murdered in spring 1942 in Lw\u00f3w) was a Polish Jewish journalist and literary critic.\nHe was born in T\u0142umacz, near Stanis\u0142aw\u00f3w (now Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine). His father, Henryk, was a director and an engineer at a sugar factory, and his mother's name was Maria Jadwiga. In 1899 he finished law studies at the University of Lw\u00f3w. His thesis adviser was the famous Polish logician and philosopher Kazimierz Twardowski.\nHe belonged to the Young Poland literary group \"P\u0142anetnicy\", which met at the house of the poet Maryla Wolska. Wolska was considered to be of the most intriguing characters of the Lw\u00f3w literary scene, known for his exhaustive knowledge of Polish law as well as a powerful physique and imposing presence.\nHis theatrical critiques were considered highly original and poignant. He was a frequent visitor at the \"Kasyno Literackie\" (\"Literary Casino\"), a cultural organization which held discussion nights and balls. Ortwin became widely known after he defended the literary critic and writer Stanis\u0142aw Brzozowski in court.In 1904 he gave up his law practice in order to focus on poetry and other writing, including theater reviews. In 1905 he became editor for the publishing house Polish Bookstore, owned by Bernard Po\u0142oniecki.\nWhen World War I broke out he was drafted into the Austrian army where he began service as a private in the 55th Infantry Battalion. Later he was made a lawyer in the military court of Lw\u00f3w and Ostrawa. He was promoted to the rank of captain, and soon after, major, of the military court of Lw\u00f3w and in 1922 retired into the reserves.\nHe became the vice president of the Polish Writers' Union in 1920. In 1934 he was made the president of the Lw\u00f3w Literary Club. He was a member of the Lw\u00f3w-Warsaw School of Logic.\nAfter Lw\u00f3w was occupied by the Soviets in September 1939, he took part in creating a new literary organization, which gathered writers and poets opposed to communism. Lw\u00f3w was taken over by Nazi Germany in 1942. Despite offers from his friends to help him escape the Holocaust, Ortwin refused to flee or to live in hiding. Sometime in 1942 he was shot in the street by the Nazis.J\u00f3zef Wittlin, in his essay My Lw\u00f3w described him in the following words:\n\nOstap Ortwin was not a Count but it's hard to imagine a person with a more aristocratic soul and bearing... he discovered Staff and made it possible for Stanis\u0142aw Brzozowski to become famous and more importantly, to be understood. He was an excellent critic although he often didn't feel like writing, mostly because he spend all his time reading. He read everything, from Spengler to Bend to even all the introductory articles in all the daily papers. He usually expressed his opinions through loud yelling, which shook the large windows at the Cafe Roma where he spent his non-working hours ... He took every undertaking with the utmost seriousness while at the same time he laughed at everyone and himself, in a way that only Olympic Gods could laugh. Ortwin, the last president of the Lw\u00f3w Literary Club, was probably the only Polish writer of Jewish ethnicity before whom retreated in reverence all the antisemitic idiots. It seemed that in general he was untouchable. Tall, wide shouldered, grey haired, with thick eyebrows and a black Cossack style mustache he presented himself in a way that paralyzed all kinds of scumbags. He argued with and insulted policemen who asked him for identification after he woke up people of Lw\u00f3w by loudly threatening futurism. Insulted policemen saluted him as if he were their captain ... in 1942 it turned out that Ortwin was not untouchable. The Germans chased that great, trouble making, soul out of his aristocratic body ... If in the after life there are cafes, then without doubt in one of them there now sits Ostap Ortwin, hunched over a pile of newspapers ... and he laughs loudly from behind them, and he reads and he reads and he yells and he laughs at us all until the heavens themselves start to shake\"", "Q4981891": "You may also be looking for the Br\u00f3dno Jewish Cemetery.Br\u00f3dno cemetery (Polish: Cmentarz Br\u00f3dnowski) is an old cemetery in the Targ\u00f3wek district, in the eastern part of Warsaw, Poland. Occupying an area of 114 hectares (280 acres), it is the largest cemetery in Warsaw. With more than 1.2 million burials, it is one of the largest cemeteries in Europe.", "Q113830": "Moses \"Max\" Beer (1864\u20131943) was an Austrian-born Marxist journalist, economist, and historian. Beer is best remembered as an early writer on the topic of imperialism and for a series of books, published in translation in several countries, which examined the nature of class struggle throughout human history.", "Q1225695": "Sabur Oladimeji \"Dimeji\" Bankole (born 14 November 1969) is a Nigerian politician who served as the 9th Speaker of the House of Representatives of Nigeria. Elected at the age of 37, Bankole is said to be the youngest Speaker in the history of the House and 2019 Ogun State gubernatorial election candidate under the platform of Action Democratic Party.\n\n", "Q323787": "Kamikaze 1989 is a 1982 West German cyberpunk thriller film co-written and directed by Wolf Gremm, based on the 1964 novel Murder on the Thirty-First Floor by Per Wahl\u00f6\u00f6.It stars Rainer Werner Fassbinder as a detective investigating a string of bombings that lead to a corporate media conspiracy. At the Festival Internacional de Cinema do Porto, Fantasporto, for 1984, the film won the Critic's Award and received a nomination for the International Fantasy Film Award. The soundtrack was composed by Tangerine Dream founder Edgar Froese.", "Q540721": "Baiba Skride (born 1981) is a Latvian classical violinist. She was the winner of the Queen Elisabeth Violin Contest in 2001, and has performed around the world. Including the London Philharmonic Orchestra, and New Zealand Symphony Orchestra", "Q71083": "Paul Esser (24 April 1913 \u2013 20 January 1988) was a German stage and television actor and voice actor. He is remembered for playing the lead role in the Sender Freies Berlin version of the detective series Tatort. Esser was born in Geldern-Kapellen and died in Tenerife.", "Q326827": "Artistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics in which athletes perform short routines (ranging from about 30 to 90 seconds) on different apparatuses, with less time for vaulting. The sport is governed by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG), which designs the code of points and regulates all aspects of international elite competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics is regulated by national federations, such as Gymnastics Canada, British Gymnastics, and USA Gymnastics. Artistic gymnastics is a popular spectator sport at many competitions, including the Summer Olympic Games.", "Q1331": "Manuel Jos\u00e9 Blanco y Calvo de Encalada (American Spanish: [ma\u02c8nwel \u02c8\u03b2la\u014bko e\u014bka\u02c8la\u00f0a]; April 21, 1790 \u2013 September 5, 1876) was a vice-admiral in the Chilean Navy, a political figure, and Chile's first President (Provisional)(1826).\n\n", "Q318711": "Frank-Martin Strau\u00df, better known as F.M. Einheit and also known as Mufti, (born 18 December 1958, in Dortmund) is an industrial and electronic musician and actor from Germany.\nWhile primarily known for his percussion work with the influential group Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten, he has also collaborated with KMFDM, Goethes Erben and recorded several albums in collaboration with other musicians (such as Diamanda Gal\u00e1s, Mona Mur, Andreas Ammer, Ulrike Haage) and solo. Einheit was also involved in the projects Stein and Gry.", "Q116790": "Lise Girardin (15 February 1921 \u2013 16 October 2010) was a Swiss politician. A member of the Free Democratic Party, she was the woman to be elected as mayor of Geneva and the first woman elected to the Council of States.\n\n", "Q106583": "Bielsko-Bia\u0142a [\u02c8b\u02b2\u025blsk\u0254 \u02c8b\u02b2awa] (listen) (Czech: B\u00edlsko-B\u011bl\u00e1; German: Bielitz-Biala; Hebrew: \u05d1\u05d9\u05dc\u05e1\u05e7\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d4\u200e) is a city in southern Poland with a population of approximately 171,259 as of 2018. The city is a centre of the Bielsko Urban Agglomeration with 325,000 inhabitants and is an industrial (automotive), transport, and tourism hub. Located north of the Beskid Mountains, Bielsko-Bia\u0142a is composed of two former cities on opposite banks of the Bia\u0142a River, Silesian Bielsko and Lesser Poland's Bia\u0142a, which merged in 1951.\n\n", "Q214659": "Louis Schneider (born Ludwig Wilhelm Schneider: April 29, 1805 \u2013 December 16, 1878) was a German actor and author.\n\n", "Q863571": "Siegfried S. Hecker (born October 2, 1943) is an American metallurgist and nuclear scientist. He served as Director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1986 to 1997 and is now affiliated with Stanford University, where he is research professor emeritus in the Department of Management Science and Engineering in the School of Engineering, and senior fellow emeritus at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies.", "Q948086": "Laguna Niguel () is a suburban city in Orange County, California in the United States. The name Laguna Niguel is derived from the words \"Laguna\" (Spanish for \"lagoon\") and \"Niguili\" (the name of a Native American village once located near Aliso Creek). As of the 2010 census, the population was 62,979. Laguna Niguel is located in the San Joaquin Hills in the southeastern corner of Orange County, close to the Pacific Ocean, and borders the cities of Aliso Viejo, Dana Point, Laguna Beach, Laguna Hills, Mission Viejo, and San Juan Capistrano.\nLaguna Niguel has its origins in the Rancho Niguel Mexican land grant, which was acquired in 1959 by the Laguna Niguel Corporation to develop one of California's first master-planned communities. As a predominantly residential city, Laguna Niguel serves as a bedroom community for the job centers of northern and central Orange County. Laguna Niguel has a median household income 31 percent above the Orange County average and nearly double the U.S. average. It is known for its mild coastal climate, low crime rate, and its numerous parks and public trails.", "Q118965": "G\u00fcnter Ropohl (14 June 1939 in Cologne, Germany \u2013 28 January 2017) was a German philosopher of technology.", "Q969048": "Yehoshua Kenaz (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05e9\u05e2 \u05e7\u05e0\u05d6\u200e, born 1937) is an Israeli novelist.", "Q176064": "Leonard Spigelgass (November 26, 1908 \u2013 February 15, 1985) was an American film producer and screenwriter.During his career, Spigelgass wrote the scripts for 11 Academy Award-winning films. He himself was nominated in 1950 for the story for Mystery Street and garnered three Writers Guild of America nominations over the course of his career.", "Q43757": "Heinz Schaden (born April 29, 1954) is an Austrian politician of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SP\u00d6) and was the mayor of Salzburg from 1999 to 2019.", "Q97260": "Friedrich Ulmer (1877\u20131952) was a German film actor.", "Q88340": "Konrad Haenisch (13 March 1876 - 28 April 1925) was a German Social Democratic Party politician and part of \"the radical Marxist Left\" of German politics. He was a friend and follower (Parvulus in his own words) of Alexander Parvus.", "Q350769": "Mithridates III (Greek: M\u03b9\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2) was the fourth King of Pontus, son of Mithridates II of Pontus and Laodice. Mithridates had two sisters: Laodice III, the first wife of the Seleucid King Antiochus III the Great, and Laodice of Pontus. He may have ruled in an uncertain period between 220 BC and 183 BC. Nothing is known of him since the years just cited, because the kingdom of Pontus disappears from history. His same existence is contested by certain historians, even if it is necessary to account for Appian's indication of Mithridates VI of Pontus as the eighth king of the dynasty and the sixth of the name. Mithridates married an obscure Seleucid princess called Laodice. By this wife, he had three children: Mithridates IV of Pontus, Pharnaces I of Pontus and Laodice.\n\n", "Q212228": "2020 Texas Gladiators (Italian: Texas 2000) is an Italian science fiction action film co-directed by Joe D'Amato and George Eastman.", "Q3161158": "James \"Jim\" Hoggan (born October 10, 1946) is an author and president of Hoggan and Associates, a Vancouver-based public-relations firm. He is also the co-founder of the Web site DeSmogBlog.", "Q593551": "The Scopi is a 3,190-metre-high mountain in the Lepontine Alps, overlooking Lukmanier Pass on the border between the cantons of Ticino and Graub\u00fcnden.\nA cable car (not accessible to public) connects the summit from the road of Lukmanier Pass below the dam, and on the top lies a radar (FLORAKO) and an air traffic control building, owned by the Swiss Army. There are, however, no climbing restrictions, and the summit can by reached via a marked trail from Lai da Sontga Maria near the pass.", "Q2610": "Wilhelm Stoph (9 July 1914 \u2013 13 April 1999) was an East German politician. He served as Prime Minister (Chairman of the Council of Ministers) of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1964 to 1973, and again from 1976 until 1989. He also served as chairman of the State Council (head of state) from 1973 to 1976.", "Q11987": "Francisco de Assis Chateaubriand Bandeira de Melo (pronounced [f\u027e\u0250\u0303\u02c8sisku d\u0292i a\u02c8sis \u0283\u0250tob\u027ei\u02c8\u0250\u0303 b\u0250\u0303\u02c8dej\u027e\u0250 d\u0292i \u02c8m\u025blu]), best known as Assis Chateaubriand and also nicknamed Chat\u00f4 (October 4, 1892 \u2013 April 4, 1968), was a Brazilian lawyer, journalist, politician and diplomat. He was one of the most influential public figures in Brazil during the 1940s and the 1950s, becoming notable as a journalist, an entrepreneur, an arts patron as well as a politician. Chateaubriand was appointed Ambassador of Brazil to the United Kingdom, position he held from 1957 to 1961. He was also a lawyer and professor of law, writer and member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, occupying its 37th chair from 1954 until his death in 1968.Chateaubriand was a media mogul in Brazil between the late 1930s and the early 1960s and the owner of Di\u00e1rios Associados, a conglomerate that counted at its peak more than a hundred newspapers, radio and TV stations, magazines and a telegraphic agency. He is also known as the co-creator and founder, in 1947, of the S\u00e3o Paulo Museum of Art (MASP), together with Pietro Maria Bardi. Chateubriand also founded the first television network of Latin America and the fifth in the world (Tupi TV). He was Senator of the Republic between 1952 and 1957.An often polemic and controversial figure, hated and feared, Chateaubriand has also been nicknamed \"the Brazilian Citizen Kane\" and accused of unethical behavior, for allegedly blackmailing companies that did not place ads in his media vehicles, and for insulting entrepreneurs with lies (such as industry owner Count Francesco Matarazzo). His empire would have been built based on political interests and agreements, including tumultuous but profitable ties with Brazilian President Get\u00falio Vargas.", "Q78931": "Franz Paul Stangl (German: [\u02c8\u0283ta\u014bl\u0329]; 26 March 1908 \u2013 28 June 1971) was an Austrian-born police officer who became an employee of the T-4 Euthanasia Program and an SS commander in Nazi Germany. He was the commandant of the Sobib\u00f3r and Treblinka extermination camps during the Operation Reinhard phase of the Holocaust. He worked for Volkswagen do Brasil and was arrested in Brazil in 1967, extradited to West Germany and tried for the mass murder of 900,000 people. In 1970, he was found guilty and sentenced to the maximum penalty, life imprisonment. He died of heart failure six months later.", "Q730242": "A test pilot is an aircraft pilot with additional training to fly and evaluate experimental, newly produced and modified aircraft with specific maneuvers known as flight test techniques.In the 1950s, test pilots were being killed at the rate of about one a week, but the risks have shrunk to a fraction of that due to the maturation of aircraft technology, better ground-testing and simulation of aircraft performance, fly-by-wire technology and lately, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles to test experimental aircraft features. Still, piloting experimental aircraft remains more dangerous than most other types of flying.", "Q113818": "Nikolaus Dumba (24 July 1830, Vienna \u2013 23 March 1900, Budapest) was an Austrian industrialist and liberal politician of Aromanian descent. He is considered to have been an important patron of the arts and music.", "Q669445": "Clugin (Romansh: Clugen) is a village in the municipality of Andeer in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. In 2009 Clugin merged with Andeer and Pignia to form the municipality of Andeer.", "Q167141": "Laon (French pronunciation: \u200b[l\u0251\u0303]) is the capital city of the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France, northern France. As of 2012 its population was 25,317.", "Q1319": "Federico Err\u00e1zuriz Echaurren (Santiago, November 16, 1850 - Valpara\u00edso, July 12, 1901) was lawyer, farmer, deputy, senator, minister of state and President of Chile.\n\n", "Q33298": "Filipino (English: (listen); Wikang Filipino [w\u026a\u02c8k\u0250\u014b \u02ccfi\u02d0li\u02c8pi\u02d0no]) is the national language (Wikang pambansa / Pambansang wika) of the Philippines. Filipino is also designated, along with English, as an official language of the country. It is a standardized variety of the Tagalog language, an Austronesian regional language that is widely spoken in the Philippines. As of 2007, Tagalog is the first language of 28 million people, or about one-third of the Philippine population, while 45 million speak Tagalog as their second language. Tagalog is among the 185 languages of the Philippines identified in the Ethnologue. Officially, Filipino is defined by the Commission on the Filipino Language (Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino in Filipino or simply KWF) as \"the native dialect, spoken and written, in Metro Manila, the National Capital Region, and in other urban centers of the archipelago.\"Filipino is officially taken to be a pluricentric language, as it is further enriched and developed by the other existing Philippine languages according to the mandate of the 1987 Constitution. Indeed, there have been observed \"emerging varieties of Filipino which deviate from the grammatical properties of Tagalog\" in Cebu, Davao City, and Iloilo which together with Metro Manila form the four largest metropolitan areas in the Philippines.", "Q214671": "Hansjoachim von der Esch (born 6 October 1899 in M\u00fclheim \u2013 died 10 May 1976 in La Tour-de-Peilz) was a German explorer in Egypt and Libya.", "Q99265": "Reinhart Heinrich (24 April 1946 \u2013 23 October 2006) was a German biophysicist.He was professor at the Humboldt University of Berlin, and best known as a founder of metabolic control theory. Among his services to the scientific community, Reinhart was associate editor of PLoS Computational Biology. His far-reaching theoretical work on metabolism, signal transduction, and other cellular processes has made him one of the most influential forerunners of present-day systems biology. Reinhart's many talents made him appear as a modern Renaissance man. He played the violin, and published an autobiographic novel (Jenseits von Babel) and several works of lyric poetry for which he received the Brigitte Reimann Prize.\nReinhart Heinrich was born in Dresden and lived at first in the Soviet Union, growing up in Kuybyshev/\u041a\u0443\u0439\u0431\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0432 (as Samara was then known) where his father Helmut Heinrich, - a German mathematician turned aircraft constructor - had been taken after the Second World War to work. Having been educated as a theoretical physicist at Dresden University of Technology in East Germany, Reinhart conducted his postdoctoral research in the early 1970s at the Charit\u00e9's Institute of Biochemistry in East Berlin. He could not fail to notice the absence of mathematical theory from cell biology as compared with other natural sciences. Enzyme kinetics was a notable exception. However, how enzymes affect the flux through a metabolic pathway was still discussed using the rather vague term rate-limiting step. Working with Professor Rapoport on mathematical models of glycolysis in red blood cells, Reinhart discovered a precise and general definition of rate limitation in metabolic pathways, for which he received in 1974 the Humboldt Prize. He extended his knowledge in this area, working over one year in Pushchino near Moscow with Professor Evgenii Selkov, who also worked on mathematic modelling of metabolic processes. \nThe parallel development of metabolic control theory by Henrik Kacser and Jim Burns in Edinburgh shows that the time was ripe for a quantitative understanding of metabolic regulation. Instead of postulating a single rate-limiting step, Reinhart's and Henrik Kacser's theories evaluated the degree of flux control exerted by an individual enzyme in a linear pathway or in a more complex network. The corresponding measure - termed flux control coefficient - turned out to be a truly systemic quantity, depending not only on the kinetic parameters of the enzyme itself but also on those of other enzymes, as well as on the position of the reaction in the network. Several years after its original publication, metabolic control theory became widely absorbed by biochemists. Control coefficients have been measured for many pathways, confirming the theoretical prediction that flux control is frequently shared by several reactions. This finding has recently become of very practical importance for the genetic engineering of large metabolic networks in biotechnology.\nThe dual approach - modeling concrete cellular processes and, at the same time, searching for general laws - has been a characteristic of Reinhart's work. The areas he worked in were amazingly diverse, including metabolic control, osmoregulation, cell shapes, signal transduction, vesicular transport, protein translation and transport, as well as the population dynamics of malaria parasites.\nPerhaps his most favored questions were those of evolution. To understand the kinetic design of enzymes and enzymatic reaction networks, Reinhart strove to rationalize, in mathematical terms, the selective pressures and physico\u2013chemical constraints that these systems were subjected to. Reinhart's work on this topic is full of original insight and makes specific predictions, some of which have begun to be tested successfully in recent years.\nReinhart was author of more than 160 research articles and, together with Stefan Schuster, wrote the book The Regulation of Cellular Systems - already a classic of cell systems biology. In addition to this large body of original work, he was a gifted mentor of young scientists and for more than ten years ran the highly successful interdisciplinary graduate program Dynamics and Evolution of Cellular Processes at Humboldt University, Berlin. In 1996 he received a Honorary degree from the University of Bordeaux.", "Q73864": "MyAnna Buring (Swedish: [m\u028f\u02c8\u00e2n\u02d0a \u02c8b\u0289\u0302\u02d0r\u026a\u014b]; born 22 September 1979 as Anna Margaretha My Rantap\u00e4\u00e4) is a Swedish-born, UK-based actress, known for her roles in The Descent, The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn \u2013 Part 1 and Part 2, Ripper Street and The Witcher.", "Q129548": "It Happened Here (also known as It Happened Here: The Story of Hitler's England) is a black-and white 1964 British World War II film written, produced and directed by Kevin Brownlow and Andrew Mollo, who began work on the film as teenagers. The film's largely amateur production took some eight years, using volunteer actors with some support from professional filmmakers.It Happened Here shows an alternative history where the United Kingdom has been invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany. The plot follows the experiences of an Irish nurse working in England, who encounters people who believe collaboration with the invaders is for the best whilst others are involved in the resistance movement against the occupiers and their local collaborators.", "Q97248": "Friedrich Middelhauve (17 November 1896 in Siegen, Westphalia - 14 July 1966 in Bad Mergentheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) was a German publisher and politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP). From 1947 until 1956 he served as State chairman for North Rhine-Westphalia and from 27 July 1954 until 1956, he was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Transport in North Rhine-Westphalia.", "Q441365": "Alberto Castillo (December 7, 1914 \u2013 July 23, 2002) (nickname: Riobal) was a prominent Argentine tango singer and actor. He was born Alberto Salvador De Lucca in the Mataderos district of Buenos Aires, the son of Italian immigrants Salvatore De Luca and Lucia De Paola (from Teggiano, near Salerno). Castillo made his professional debut in the 1930s and began a successful recording career in 1941; his first hit was his cover of the Alfredo Pelala tune \u201cRecuerdo\u201d.\nCastillo sang with the orchestras of Julio De Caro (1934), Augusto Berto (1935) and Mariano Rodas (1937) and Ricardo Tanturi (1939).\nWith his keen sense of rhythm and his tendency to go hoarse, Castillo made a name for himself as the main interpreter of the black-oriented genres of candombe and milonga. One of his most successful recordings was \"Cien Barrios Porte\u00f1os\" (The one hundred barrios of Buenos Aires), to the point that presenters would announce him as \"the singer of the 100 barrios\".\nBeginning in 1946, Castillo appeared in a number of Argentine films.\nCastillo was also a physician by training. This fact famously convinced his fiancee's parents to let her marry Alberto, because he was \"more than just a tango singer\", and was used as a plot device in the Argentine movie Moon of Avellaneda (Sp: \"Luna de Avellaneda\"), where Castillo is summoned to deliver a baby right after finishing his set at a carnival fair (the story is fictitious). Castillo did have a short stint as a sport physician. In December 1951, the V\u00e9lez S\u00e1rsfield soccer team, which he supported, was on a tour of Brazil, and several players came down with heatstroke in Pernambuco, where Castillo was scheduled to perform. A member of the V\u00e9lez delegation contacted Castillo, who tended to the players and stayed with the team for the remainder of the tour, rescheduling some of his shows to fit the team's agenda.\nAmong his later releases was a cover of his candombe hit \u201cSiga el Baile\u201d, recorded with Argentine band Los Aut\u00e9nticos Decadentes.\nCastillo is buried in La Chacarita Cemetery in Buenos Aires.", "Q340552": "Achmed Akkabi (born 3 October 1983, in The Hague) is a Moroccan-Dutch actor. \nAkkabi was born and raised in The Hague into a family of six. His parents are both immigrants from Morocco. Akkabi became a national celebrity as 'Rachid the merchandiser' in Albert Heijn commercials and for his roles as 'Appie' in Het Huis Anubis, 'Youssef' in the cinema movie Alibi and for presenting AVRO Kunstquest.", "Q108586": "The Proposal is a 2009 American romantic comedy film directed by Anne Fletcher and written by Peter Chiarelli. It stars Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds with Betty White, Mary Steenburgen, and Craig T. Nelson. The plot centers on a Canadian executive who learns that she may face deportation from the U.S. because of her expired visa. Determined to retain her position as editor-in-chief of a publishing house, she convinces her assistant to temporarily act as her fianc\u00e9.\nDevelopment began in 2005, when Chiarelli wrote the script. Principal filming occurred over a period of two months from March to May 2008. The film received mixed reviews from critics, who criticized its screenplay but praised the chemistry between Bullock and Reynolds. It was a box office success, grossing over $317 million worldwide, and becoming the 20th highest-grossing film of 2009. Bullock was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Comedy or Musical.", "Q7768": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN; AH-see-ahn, AH-zee-ahn) is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten countries in Southeast Asia, which promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational, and sociocultural integration among its members and other countries in Asia.\nASEAN also regularly engages other countries in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond. A major partner of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, ASEAN maintains a global network of alliances and dialogue partners and is considered by many as a global powerhouse, the central union for cooperation in Asia-Pacific, and a prominent and influential organization. It is involved in numerous international affairs, and hosts diplomatic missions throughout the world. The ASEAN Secretariat is located at Jakarta, Indonesia.\n\n", "Q1548144": "Joseph Maria \"Joey\" Kelly (born 20 December 1972 in Toledo, Spain) is a singer, songwriter of Irish-American descent. Initially he was known as a member of the band The Kelly Family, but now appears primarily as an amateur athlete and participates in fun competitions.\nJoey Kelly married former musician Tanja Niethen in 2005. The couple has two sons (* 2000 and * 2004) and a daughter (* 2006). As a member of the Kelly family, he plays electric and acoustic guitar and percussion instruments. Sports enthusiast Joey Kelly often participates in endurance competitions and fun events, such as TV total, Wok racing or diving.", "Q264396": "Vanessa Morgan Mziray (born March 23, 1992), known professionally as Vanessa Morgan, is a Canadian actress. She is known for her roles as Beatrix \"Bird\" Castro in the MTV teen drama series Finding Carter, as Amanda Pierce in the Family teen comedy series The Latest Buzz, and as Sarah in the Disney Channel/Teletoon film My Babysitter's a Vampire and the television series of the same name. She currently plays Toni Topaz in The CW teen drama series Riverdale.", "Q927469": "Sampsa Astala, (born 23 January 1974 in Vantaa, Finland), known by stage names Stala and Kita, is the lead singer of the Finnish glam rock band Stala & SO. and the former and original drummer for the metal band Lordi.\nHis current stage name, Stala, comes from his own surname, Astala. His other stage name, which he used during his time in Lordi and whenever appearing as drummer, Kita, comes from the Finnish word meaning \"jaws\", \"gap\", or \"maw\".", "Q212566": "Bois-Colombes is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 9 km (5.6 mi) from the center of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe. International companies such as Colgate-Palmolive, IBM and AVIVA have their French quarter in Bois Colombes. The current mayor of Bois Colombes is Yves R\u00e9villon.", "Q111969": "Lewis Steenrod (May 27, 1810 \u2013 October 3, 1862) was a nineteenth-century politician and lawyer from Virginia, who helped secure Congressional authorization of the Wheeling Suspension Bridge but who later opposed secession of what became West Virginia months before his death.", "Q1396305": "Sergey Alexeyevich Lebedev (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u0301\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432; 2 November 1902, n.s. \u2013 3 July 1974) was a Soviet scientist in the fields of electrical engineering and computer science, and designer of the first Soviet computers.\n\n", "Q65960": "Adolf Heinrich Graf von Arnim-Boitzenburg (10 April 1803 \u2013 8 January 1868) was a German statesman. He served as the first Minister President of Prussia for ten days during the Revolution of 1848.", "Q3305300": "Melville Elijah Stone (August 22, 1848 \u2013 February 15, 1929) was an American newspaper publisher, the founder of the Chicago Daily News, and was the general manager of the reorganized Associated Press.", "Q1219622": "Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0438\u0436\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 (also Aleksandr Leonidovich Tchijevsky) (7 February 1897 \u2013 20 December 1964) was a Soviet-era interdisciplinary scientist, a biophysicist who founded \"heliobiology\" (study of the sun's effect on biology) and \"aero-ionization\" (study of effect of ionization of air on biological entities). He also was noted for his work in \"cosmo-biology\", biological rhythms and hematology.\"Chizhevsky used historical research (historiometry) techniques to link the 11-year solar cycle, Earth\u2019s climate, and the mass activity of peoples.", "Q321806": "Chris LeDoux (October 2, 1948 \u2013 March 9, 2005) was an American country music singer-songwriter, bronze sculptor, and hall of fame rodeo champion. During his career LeDoux recorded 36 albums (many self-released) which have sold more than six million units in the United States as of January 2007. He was awarded two gold and one platinum album certifications from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), was nominated for a Grammy Award, and was honored with the Academy of Country Music Music Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award. LeDoux is also the only person to participate and also perform at the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo.", "Q96630": "Ulrich Adam (born 9 June 1950 in Teterow) is a German politician and member of the CDU. A mathematician and economist by profession, he was a directly elected member of the German Bundestag from 1990 to 2009. He didn't run for the elections in 2009. Ulrich Adam holds a Federal Cross of Merit.", "Q286475": "\u00c9mile Souvestre (April 15, 1806 \u2013 July 5, 1854) was a French novelist who was a native of Morlaix, Finist\u00e8re. Initially unsuccessful as a writer of drama, he fared better as a novelist (he wrote a sci-fi novel, Le Monde Tel Qu'il Sera) and as a researcher and writer of Breton folklore. He was posthumously awarded the Prix Lambert.", "Q24082": "Charles Patrick Fleeming Jenkin, Baron Jenkin of Roding, (7 September 1926 \u2013 20 December 2016) was a British Conservative politician who served as a cabinet minister in Margaret Thatcher's first government.", "Q252142": "\u00c1nyos Istv\u00e1n Jedlik (Hungarian: Jedlik \u00c1nyos Istv\u00e1n; Slovak: \u0160tefan Ani\u00e1n Jedl\u00edk; in older texts and publications: Latin: Stephanus Anianus Jedlik; 11 January 1800 \u2013 13 December 1895) was a Hungarian inventor, engineer, physicist, and Benedictine priest. He was also a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and author of several books. He is considered by Hungarians and Slovaks to be the unsung father of the dynamo and electric motor.\n\n", "Q3039327": "Lyle Talbot (born Lisle Henderson; February 8, 1902 \u2013 March 2, 1996) was an American actor on stage and screen, known for his career in film from 1931 to 1960 and for his appearances on television in the 1950s and 1960s. He played Ozzie Nelson's friend and neighbor, Joe Randolph, for ten years in the ABC sitcom The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet. \nHe began his movie career under contract with Warner Bros. in the early days of sound film. He appeared in more than 150 films, first as a young matinee idol, the star of many B movies, and later as a character actor. He was a founding member of the Screen Actors Guild and later served on its board. Talbot's long career as an actor is recounted in a book by his youngest daughter, The New Yorker writer Margaret Talbot, entitled The Entertainer: Movies, Magic and My Father's Twentieth Century (Riverhead Books 2012).", "Q534936": "Bernhard Hennen (born 1966 in Krefeld) is a German writer of fantasy literature.He is best known internationally for his series Die Elfen (\"The Elves\", since 2004), which has been translated into a number of European languages.", "Q351339": "Lincoln Edward Kirstein (May 4, 1907 \u2013 January 5, 1996) was an American writer, impresario, art connoisseur, philanthropist, and cultural figure in New York City, noted especially as co-founder of the New York City Ballet. He developed and sustained the company with his organizing ability and fundraising for more than four decades, serving as the company's general director from 1946 to 1989. According to the New York Times, he was \"an expert in many fields,\" organizing art exhibits and lecture tours in the same years.", "Q242351": "Ivana Marie Trump (n\u00e9e Zeln\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1; Czech: [\u02c8z\u025bl\u0272i\u02d0t\u0283kova\u02d0], born February 20, 1949) is a Czechoslovakian-born American businesswoman and former model who was the first of the three wives of Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States. They married in 1977 and divorced in 1991. They have three children together: Donald Jr., Ivanka and Eric.", "Q3526782": "Charles Frederick Henry Leslie (8 December 1861 in Mayfair, London, England \u2013 12 February 1921 in Mayfair, London, England) was an English businessman and cricketer. He played first-class cricket for eight years between 1881 and 1888, for Oxford University, Middlesex and England.\n\n", "Q121672": "Werner Krolikowski (born 12 March 1928 ) is an East German political official who became a senior politician. He was a member of the Central Committee of the ruling SED (party) politburo and a deputy chairman of the national Council of Ministers. He also produced a number of political publications.\n\n", "Q747974": "Francisc \u015eirato (August 15, 1877, Craiova - August 4, 1953, Bucharest) was a Romanian painter, graphic artist, art critic, and designer.", "Q261588": "Galina Nikolayevna Prozumenshchikova (Russian: \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, IPA: [\u0261\u0250\u02c8l\u02b2in\u0259 n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8la\u026avn\u0259 pr\u0259z\u028a\u02c8m\u02b2en\u0255\u02d0\u026ak\u0259v\u0259]; 26 November 1948 \u2013 19 July 2015) was a Soviet breaststroke swimmer who also competed in medley relays. She won five Olympic medals in 1964, 1968 and 1972 and five European Championships medals in 1966 and 1970. Her first Olympic medal, the gold in 200 m breaststroke in 1964, was the first Olympic gold in swimming for the Soviet Union. From 1964 to 1966, she set five world records: four in 200 m and one in 100 m breaststroke events. Between 1963 and 1972, she won 15 national titles and set 27 national records.", "Q173652": "Jackie Holmes (born Marion Holmes; September 4, 1920 \u2013 March 1, 1995) was an American racecar driver from Indianapolis, Indiana.", "Q188386": "Yaakov Neeman (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05e0\u05d0\u05de\u05df\u200e, 16 September 1939 \u2013 1 January 2017) was an Israeli lawyer who also served as Minister of Justice and Minister of Finance.\n\n", "Q612949": "Levon Hakobi Ter-Petrosyan (Armenian: \u053c\u0587\u0578\u0576 \u0540\u0561\u056f\u0578\u0562\u056b \u054f\u0565\u0580-\u054a\u0565\u057f\u0580\u0578\u057d\u0575\u0561\u0576; born 9 January 1945), also known by his initials LTP, is an Armenian politician. He was the first President of Armenia from 1991 to 1998. A senior researcher at the Matenadaran Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, he led the Karabakh movement for the unification of the Armenian-populated Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia in 1988. After Armenia's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Ter-Petrosyan was elected president in October 1991 with overwhelming public support. He led the country through the Nagorno-Karabakh War with neighboring Azerbaijan, during which Armenia supported the Republic of Artsakh in fighting against Azerbaijan.\nHe has been accused of rigging the 1996 election, causing thousands to go into the streets to protest the results. The protesters were led by official runner-up Vazgen Manukyan, Ter-Petrosyan's former colleague and his first Prime Minister and later the Defence Minister. The mass rallies were suppressed by military force. Due to disagreements with the key government members, especially Defence Minister Vazgen Sargsyan and Prime Minister Robert Kocharyan, Ter-Petrosyan resigned on 3 February 1998.From his resignation up to 2007, Ter-Petrosyan was inactive in the political scene, however, he made a political comeback in September 2007 and ran for presidency in 2008. He faced one of his former government members, at the time Prime Minister Serzh Sargsyan. According to official results, he earned 21.5% of the total vote. Ter-Petrosyan claimed the elections were rigged and led thousands of his supporters into mass protests against the alleged electoral fraud and called for new elections. After a week of mass protests, the government used police and apparently military force to disperse his supporters, resulting in the death of ten people on 1 March 2008.\nOn 1 August 2008, Ter-Petrosyan founded the Armenian National Congress (ANC) which included more than a dozen of political parties and NGOs. Being the main opposition party in Armenia, the ANC was out of the parliament and was mainly involved in street struggle against Serzh Sargsyan's government. They organized mass rallies in the wake of the Arab Spring, forcing the government to grant several political concessions. In the 2012 National Assembly election, the ANC received 7.1% of the popular vote.", "Q547700": "Elva Ruby Miller (October 5, 1907 \u2013 July 5, 1997), who recorded under the name \"Mrs. Miller\", was an American singer who gained some fame in the 1960s for her series of shrill and off-tempo renditions of popular songs such as \"Moon River\", \"Monday, Monday\", \"A Lover's Concerto\", and \"Downtown\". Singing in an untrained, vibrato-laden style, according to Irving Wallace, David Wallechinsky and Amy Wallace in The Book of Lists 2, Miller's voice was compared to the sound of \"roaches scurrying across a trash can lid.\"Nevertheless, \"Downtown\" reached the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in April 1966, peaking at No. 82. The single's B-side, \"A Lover's Concerto,\" barely cracked the Hot 100 that same month at No. 95.", "Q125414": "Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Classical Latin: [\u02c8\u014bnae\u032f.\u028as p\u0254m\u02c8p\u025bjj\u028as \u02c8ma\u014bn\u028as]; 29 September 106 BC \u2013 28 September 48 BC), usually rendered in English as Pompey the Great or simply Pompey (), was a leading Roman general and statesman, whose career was significant in Rome's transformation from a republic to empire. He was for a time a political ally and later enemy of Julius Caesar. A member of the senatorial nobility, Pompey entered a military career while still young and rose to prominence serving the later dictator Sulla as a commander in Sulla's civil war, his success at which earned him the cognomen Magnus \u2013 \"the Great\" \u2013 after Pompey's boyhood hero Alexander the Great. His adversaries also gave him the nickname adulescentulus carnifex (\"teenage butcher\") for his ruthlessness. Pompey's success as a general while still young enabled him to advance directly to his first consulship without meeting the normal cursus honorum (requirements for office). He was consul three times and celebrated three Roman triumphs.\nIn 60 BC, Pompey joined Marcus Licinius Crassus and Gaius Julius Caesar in the unofficial military-political alliance known as the First Triumvirate, which Pompey's marriage to Caesar's daughter Julia helped secure. After Crassus and Julia's deaths, Pompey sided with the Optimates, the conservative faction of the Roman Senate. Pompey and Caesar then contended for the leadership of the Roman state, leading to a civil war. When in that war Pompey was defeated at the Battle of Pharsalus, in 48 BC, he sought refuge in Egypt, where he was assassinated.\n\n", "Q354241": "Willem Theodoor \"Wim T.\" Schippers (Dutch: [\u028b\u026am te\u02d0 \u02c8sx\u026ap\u0259rs]; born 1 July 1942) is a Dutch artist, comedian, television director, and voice actor. During the 1960s, he worked mostly as a visual artist, associated with the international Fluxus-movement. As a television writer, director, and actor he is responsible for some of the most notable and controversial shows on Dutch televisions from the 1960s to the 1990s, creating a number of lasting characters and enriching the language with terms and expressions first coined in his shows. In addition, he voiced the characters of Ernie and Kermit the Frog on the Dutch version of Sesame Street. For his shows, he has written over three hundred songs, and his reputation has changed from being Dutch television's \"enfant terrible\" to an acknowledged master in a variety of genres.", "Q517137": "Donal Francis Logue (born February 27, 1966) (sources vary) is an Irish-Canadian-American film and television actor, producer and writer. His roles include starring in the film The Tao of Steve, Sons of Anarchy, Vikings, the sitcom Grounded for Life, the television series Copper and the detective series Terriers. He portrayed detective Harvey Bullock in Fox's Gotham and had a recurring role in NBC's Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as Lt. Declan Murphy.", "Q175223": "Bennett McVey Stewart (August 6, 1912 \u2013 April 26, 1988) was a Democratic U.S. Representative from Illinois.\nStewart was born in Huntsville, Alabama, and baptized at Meridianville PB Church. He attended the public schools in Huntsville and Birmingham. He received a B.A. from Miles College in Birmingham in 1936. He worked as the assistant principal of Irondale High School in 1936. He was an associate professor of sociology at Miles College in 1938. He worked as an insurance executive in 1940, and as the Illinois director for an insurance company in 1950. He served as an inspector of the Chicago Building Department in 1968. He was a rehabilitation specialist for the Chicago Department of Urban Renewal in 1968. He was elected to the Chicago City Council as 21st Ward alderman in 1971, and was elected Democratic ward committeeman of the 21st Ward in 1972. He was reelected alderman in 1975 and reelected as ward committeeman in 1976. He was a delegate to the Illinois State Democratic conventions from 1971 to 1978. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1972 and 1976.\nStewart was elected as a Democrat to the 96th Congress. He failed in his bid for renomination in 1980; Harold Washington, the primary's winner, also won in the general election . Stewart then served as administrative assistant to Mayor Jane Byrne in Chicago from 1981 to 1983. He was a resident of Chicago until his death there at age 75.\nStewart was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. He was survived by his wife, two sons, Bennett Jr., and Ronald, a daughter, Miriam Stewart Early, and four grandchildren.", "Q26695": "Lionel Brockman Richie Jr. (born June 20, 1949) is an American singer, songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, record producer and actor. His recordings with the Commodores and in his solo career made him one of the most successful balladeers of the 1980s.\nBeginning in 1968, Richie was a member of the funk and soul band the Commodores. The Commodores became established as a popular soul group; their first several albums had a danceable, funky sound, as in such tracks as \"Machine Gun\" and \"Brick House.\" Over time, Richie wrote and sang more romantic, easy-listening ballads such as \"Easy\", \"Three Times a Lady\", \"Still\", and the breakup ballad \"Sail On\". Richie launched a solo career in 1982 and his 1982 debut solo album, Lionel Richie, contained three hit singles: the U.S. number-one song \"Truly\", and the top five hits \"You Are\" and \"My Love\". The album hit No. 3 on the music charts and sold over 4 million copies. His 1983 follow-up album, Can't Slow Down, sold over twice as many copies, propelling him into the first rank of international superstars. He also co-wrote the 1985 charity single \"We Are the World\" with Michael Jackson, which sold over 20 million copies.Over the course of his career, Richie has sold over 90 million records worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. He won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year for Can't Slow Down, and his other Grammy Awards include Producer of the Year (Non-Classical) in 1985 and Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for \"Truly\" in 1983. Richie has also been nominated for two Golden Globe awards and won one. In 1982 he was nominated for Best Original Song for the film Endless Love. In 1986 he won the Golden Globe award for Best Original Song for \"Say You, Say Me\", featured in the film White Nights. The song also won the Academy Award for Best Original Song. In 2016, Richie received the Songwriters Hall of Fame's highest honor, the Johnny Mercer Award. He has served with Luke Bryan and Katy Perry as a judge for the singing competition American Idol since its move to ABC from the Fox network.", "Q94027": "Ali Abdussalam Treki (Arabic: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u200e\u200e; 10 October 1937 \u2013 19 October 2015) was a Libyan diplomat in Muammar Gaddafi's regime. Treki served as one of Libya's top diplomats beginning in the 1970s and ending with the 2011 Libyan Civil War. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1976 to 1982 and again from 1984 to 1986, and he was later the Permanent Representative to the United Nations on several occasions. He was the President of the United Nations General Assembly from September 2009 to September 2010.", "Q1351128": "Eric Charles Bibb (born August 16, 1951) is an American-born blues singer and songwriter.", "Q180902": "Socialist realism is a style of idealized realistic art that was developed in the Soviet Union and was the official style in that country between 1932 and 1988, as well as in other socialist countries after World War II. Socialist realism is characterized by the glorified depiction of communist values, such as the emancipation of the proletariat. Despite its name, the figures in the style are very often highly idealized, especially in sculpture, where it often leans heavily on the conventions of classical sculpture. Although related, it should not be confused with social realism, a type of art that realistically depicts subjects of social concern, or other forms of \"realism\" in the visual arts.\nSocialist realism was the predominant form of approved art in the Soviet Union from its development in the early 1920s to its eventual fall from official status beginning in the late 1960s until the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. While other countries have employed a prescribed canon of art, socialist realism in the Soviet Union persisted longer and was more restrictive than elsewhere in Europe.\n\n", "Q69196": "Avers (Romansh: Avras) is a high Alpine valley region and a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. It includes Juf, the highest-altitude year-round settlement in Europe.", "Q821018": "Pierre Nord, real name Andr\u00e9 L\u00e9on Brouillard (15 April 1900 \u2013 10 December 1985), was a French writer, spy and resistance member.", "Q623558": "The Oude Kerk (English: Old Church) is Amsterdam\u2019s oldest building and youngest art institutes (since 2012). The building was founded circa 1213 and consecrated in 1306 by the bishop of Utrecht with Saint Nicolas as its patron saint. After the Reformation in 1578, it became a Calvinist church, which it remains today. It stands in De Wallen, now Amsterdam's main red-light district. The square surrounding the church is the Oudekerksplein.", "Q173646": "Mansour Akram Ojjeh (born 1952) (Arabic:\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062c\u0629) is a French Saudi Arabian-born entrepreneur who owns part of TAG, a Luxembourg-based holding company with interests worldwide. Ojjeh is the CEO of TAG, which owns 21% of the McLaren Technology Group, the most important asset of which is the McLaren Formula One team.\nHe is the former owner of TAG Heuer. He also owns 10% of the upmarket jewellers Asprey and Garrard.", "Q49246": "Aurora (, ) is a Home Rule Municipality in the U.S. state of Colorado, spanning Arapahoe and Adams counties, with the extreme southeastern portion of the city extending into Douglas County. Aurora is one of the principal cities of the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area (Metro Denver). The city's population was 325,078 in the 2010 census, which made it the third most populous city in the state of Colorado and the 54th most populous city in the United States.\nThe Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated population of 2,645,209 on July 1, 2012 (the 19th most populous MSA in the U.S.). However, Denver and Aurora combined make up less than half of the Denver Metro Area's population and Aurora has approximately half the population of Denver. The estimated population of the Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area was 3,214,218 on July 1, 2012 (15th most populous CSA).", "Q152850": "Raoul Gustaf Wallenberg (4 August 1912 \u2013 disappeared 17 January 1945) was a Swedish architect, businessman, diplomat, and humanitarian. He is remembered for saving tens of thousands of Jews in Nazi-occupied Hungary during the Holocaust from German Nazis and Hungarian Fascists during the later stages of World War II. While serving as Sweden's special envoy in Budapest between July and December 1944, Wallenberg issued protective passports and sheltered Jews in buildings designated as Swedish territory.On 17 January 1945, during the Siege of Budapest by the Red Army, Wallenberg was detained by SMERSH on suspicion of espionage and subsequently disappeared. He was later reported to have died on 17 July 1947 while imprisoned by the KGB secret police in the Lubyanka, the KGB headquarters and affiliated prison in Moscow. The motives behind Wallenberg's arrest and imprisonment by the Soviet government, along with questions surrounding the circumstances of his death and his ties to US intelligence, remain mysterious and are the subject of continued speculation.As a result of his successful efforts to rescue Hungarian Jews, Wallenberg has been the subject of numerous humanitarian honours in the decades following his presumed death. In 1981, US Congressman Tom Lantos, one of those saved by Wallenberg, sponsored a bill making Wallenberg an honorary citizen of the United States, the second person ever to receive this honour. Wallenberg is also an honorary citizen of Canada, Hungary, Australia, and Israel. Israel has designated Wallenberg one of the Righteous Among the Nations. Numerous monuments have been dedicated to him, and streets have been named after him throughout the world. The Raoul Wallenberg Committee of the United States was created in 1981 to \"perpetuate the humanitarian ideals and the nonviolent courage of Raoul Wallenberg.\" It gives the Raoul Wallenberg Award annually to recognize persons who carry out those goals. He was awarded a Congressional Gold Medal by the United States Congress \"in recognition of his achievements and heroic actions during the Holocaust.\"", "Q10333": "Valencia Club de F\u00fatbol (Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja \u02c8klu\u03b2 \u00f0e \u02c8fu\u00f0\u03b2ol], Valencian: Val\u00e8ncia Club de Futbol [va\u02c8lensia \u02c8klub de fub\u02c8b\u0254l]), commonly referred to as Valencia CF or simply Valencia, is a Spanish professional football club based in Valencia. They play in La Liga. Valencia have won six La Liga titles, eight Copa del Rey titles, one Supercopa de Espa\u00f1a and one Copa Eva Duarte. In European competitions, they've won two Inter-Cities Fairs Cups (the predecessor to the UEFA Cup), one UEFA Cup, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, two UEFA Super Cups and one UEFA Intertoto Cup. They also reached two UEFA Champions League finals in a row, losing to La Liga rivals Real Madrid in 2000 and German club Bayern Munich on penalties after a 1\u20131 draw in 2001. Valencia were also members of the G-14 group of leading European football clubs and since its end has been part of the original members of the European Club Association. In total, Valencia have reached seven major European finals, winning four of them.\nValencia were founded in 1919 and have played their home games at the 55,000-seater Mestalla since 1923. They were due to move into the new 75,000-seater Nou Mestalla in the northwest of the city in 2013, but the final move date has been postponed while the stadium remains under construction.\nValencia is the third-most supported football club in Spain, behind heavyweights Real Madrid and Barcelona. It is also one of the biggest clubs in the world in terms of number of associates (registered paying supporters), with more than 50,000 season ticket holders and another 20,000+ season ticket holders on the waiting list, who can be accommodated in the new 75,000-seater stadium.\nOver the years, the club has achieved a global reputation for their prolific youth academy, or \"Ac\u00e0demia.\" Products of their academy include world-class talents such as Ra\u00fal Albiol, Andr\u00e9s Palop, Miguel \u00c1ngel Angulo, David Albelda, Gaizka Mendieta and David Silva. Current stars of the game to have graduated in recent years include Isco, Jordi Alba, Juan Bernat, Jos\u00e9 Gay\u00e0, Carlos Soler and Paco Alc\u00e1cer.", "Q93984": "Nadine Beiler (born 27 May 1990) is an Austrian R&B and pop singer, who won the 3rd season of the Austrian casting show Starmania in 2007. On 16 February 2007, she released her first single, \"Alles was du willst\". Currently, Beiler is a professional singer and songwriter based in both Vienna and Tyrol, where she lives in Innsbruck. Beiler represented Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 with her entry \"The Secret Is Love\" and came 18th.", "Q39979": "Mark Christopher Bauer (born October 28, 1966) is an American film, television, and theater actor best known for his television work in The Wire, Third Watch, True Blood, Survivor's Remorse and The Deuce. He has also appeared on Broadway, in A Streetcar Named Desire, and has originated roles in plays by David Mamet, John Patrick Shanley and Jez Butterworth.", "Q40504": "James Eugene Carrey (born January 17, 1962) is a Canadian actor, comedian, writer, and artist. He is known for his energetic slapstick performances.Carrey first gained recognition in America in 1990 after landing a recurring role in the sketch comedy television series In Living Color. His first leading roles in motion pictures came with Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1994), Dumb and Dumber (1994), The Mask (1994), and Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls (1995), as well portraying the Riddler in Batman Forever (1995) and the lead role in Liar Liar (1997). He gained attention starring in serious roles in The Truman Show (1998) and Man on the Moon (1999), with each garnering him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor.\nIn the 2000s, he gained further notice for his portrayal of the Grinch in How the Grinch Stole Christmas and for the comedy Me, Myself & Irene (both in 2000), as well as Bruce Almighty (2003), Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004), for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004), Fun with Dick and Jane (2005), Yes Man (2008), Horton Hears a Who! (2008) and A Christmas Carol (2009).\nIn the 2010s, he starred in Mr. Popper's Penguins (2011), The Incredible Burt Wonderstone (2013), Kick-Ass 2 (2013), and reprised his role as Lloyd Christmas in Dumb and Dumber To (2014). Since 2018, he has portrayed Jeff Piccirillo in the Showtime series Kidding and Dr. Robotnik in Sonic the Hedgehog (2020).", "Q94033": "The Twilight Samurai (\u305f\u305d\u304c\u308c\u6e05\u5175\u885b, literally \"Twilight Seibei\") is a 2002 Japanese historical drama film co-written and directed by Yoji Yamada and starring Hiroyuki Sanada and Rie Miyazawa. Set in mid-19th century Japan, a few years before the Meiji Restoration, it follows the life of Seibei Iguchi, a low-ranking samurai employed as a bureaucrat. Poor, but not destitute, he still manages to lead a content and happy life with his daughters and his mother, who has dementia. Through an unfortunate turn of events, the turbulent times conspire against him.\nThe Twilight Samurai was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 76th Academy Awards, Japan's first in twenty-two years, losing to the French Canadian (Qu\u00e9bec) film The Barbarian Invasions (Les Invasions barbares). The Twilight Samurai also won an unprecedented 12 Japanese Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Screenplay.\nThe film was inspired by the short story \"The Bamboo Sword\" by Shuhei Fujisawa.", "Q1743917": "Kittiratt Na-Ranong (Thai: \u0e01\u0e34\u0e15\u0e15\u0e34\u0e23\u0e31\u0e15\u0e19\u0e4c \u0e13 \u0e23\u0e30\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07; RTGS: Kittirat Na Ranong; born 3 August 1958) is a Thai manager and politician. He was a Deputy Prime Minister in Yingluck Shinawatra's cabinet. Additionally, he led the Ministry of Commerce until January 2012 and then served as Finance Minister until May 2014.", "Q434088": "Christopher Jacot (born June 30, 1979) is a Canadian actor and voice actor.", "Q726352": "Jonathan Kovacs (1982, Los Angeles), known as J-five, is an American singer.", "Q84220": "Johnny Got His Gun is a 1971 American drama anti-war film written and directed by Dalton Trumbo based on his novel of the same name, and starring Timothy Bottoms, Kathy Fields, Marsha Hunt, Jason Robards, Donald Sutherland and Diane Varsi. It was based on the novel of the same title by Trumbo, and features an uncredited writing collaboration by Luis Bu\u00f1uel. The film was released on DVD in the U.S on April 28, 2009 via Shout! Factory, with special features.\nAlthough Johnny Got His Gun was a minor success at the time of its release, it was largely forgotten soon after by mass audiences. The film became far better known when it was incorporated in the video of Metallica's song \"One\", whose popularity subsequently turned Johnny Got His Gun into a cult film. Eventually, the members of Metallica bought the rights to the film in order to keep showing the music video without having to pay additional royalty fees.", "Q254527": "Monica Zetterlund (born Eva Monica Nilsson; 20 September 1937 \u2013 12 May 2005) was a Swedish singer and actress.", "Q732327": "LeRoy Robert Ripley (December 25, 1890 \u2013 May 27, 1949) was an American cartoonist, entrepreneur, and amateur anthropologist who is known for creating the Ripley's Believe It or Not! newspaper panel series, radio show, and television show which feature odd facts from around the world.\nSubjects covered in Ripley's cartoons and text ranged from sports feats to little-known facts about unusual and exotic sites. But what ensured the concept's popularity may have been that he also included items submitted by readers, who supplied photographs of a wide variety of small-town American trivia ranging from unusually shaped vegetables to oddly marked domestic animals, all documented by photographs and then depicted by his drawings.", "Q120578": "Charlotte Armstrong Lewi (May 2, 1905, in Vulcan, Michigan \u2013 July 7, 1969, in Glendale, California) was an American author. Under the names Charlotte Armstrong and Jo Valentine she wrote 29 novels, as well as short stories, plays, and screenplays. She also worked for The New York Times' advertising department, as a fashion reporter for Breath of the Avenue (a buyer's guide), and in an accounting firm.[1] Additionally, she worked for the New Yorker magazine, publishing only three poems for them.", "Q1826566": "Lingtren, 6,749 metres (22,142 ft), is a mountain in the Mahalangur Himal area of Himalaya, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) distant in a direct line from Mount Everest. It lies on the international border between Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and it was first climbed in 1935. A mountain nearby to the west was originally named Lingtrennup but is now more commonly called Xi Lingchain.\n\n", "Q128124": "An audio engineer (also known as a sound engineer or recording engineer) helps to produce a recording or a live performance, balancing and adjusting sound sources using equalization and audio effects, mixing, reproduction, and reinforcement of sound. Audio engineers work on the \"...technical aspect of recording\u2014the placing of microphones, pre-amp knobs, the setting of levels. The physical recording of any project is done by an engineer ... the nuts and bolts.\" It's a creative hobby and profession where musical instruments and technology are used to produce sound for film, radio, television, music, and video games. Audio engineers also set up, sound check and do live sound mixing using a mixing console and a sound reinforcement system for music concerts, theatre, sports games and corporate events.\nAlternatively, audio engineer can refer to a scientist or professional engineer who holds an engineering degree and who designs, develops and builds audio or musical technology working under terms such as acoustical engineering, electronic/electrical engineering or (musical) signal processing.", "Q80046": "Charlize Theron ( shar-LEEZ THERR-\u0259n; Afrikaans: [\u0283ar\u02c8lis \u02c8tr\u0254n]; born 7 August 1975) is a South African and American actress and producer. She is the recipient of several accolades, including an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, an American Cinematheque Award, and the Silver Bear for Best Actress. Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2016, and she is one of the world's highest-paid actresses, as of 2019.\nTheron came to international prominence in the 1990s by playing the leading lady in the Hollywood films The Devil's Advocate (1997), Mighty Joe Young (1998), and The Cider House Rules (1999). In 2003, she received critical acclaim for her portrayal of serial killer Aileen Wuornos in Monster, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress, becoming the first South African to win an Oscar in an acting category. She received another Academy Award nomination for playing a sexually abused woman seeking justice in the drama North Country (2005). Theron has since starred in several top-grossing action films, including Hancock (2008), Snow White and the Huntsman (2012), Prometheus (2012), Mad Max: Fury Road (2015), The Fate of the Furious (2017), and Atomic Blonde (2017). She also received praise for playing troubled women in Jason Reitman's comedy-dramas Young Adult (2011) and Tully (2018), and for portraying Megyn Kelly in the drama Bombshell (2019), receiving a third Academy Award nomination for Best Actress.\nSince the early 2000s, Theron has ventured into film production with her company Denver and Delilah Productions. She has produced numerous films, in many of which she had a starring role, including The Burning Plain (2008), Dark Places (2015), and Long Shot (2019). Theron became an American citizen in 2007, while retaining her South African citizenship.", "Q4685750": "Adri\u00e0 Gual i Queralt (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0259\u00f0\u027ei\u02c8a \u02c8\u0263wal]; Barcelona, 1872\u20131943) was a Catalan playwright and theatre businessman, founder of the Escola Catalana d'Art Dram\u00e0tic and a pioneer of cinema in Barcelona.\n\nHe founded El Teatre \u00cdntim (The Intimate Theatre). He was Director of the Catalan School of Drama and artistic director of the film production Barcin\u00f3grafo (1913). Document important were his memoirs, published posthumously: Mitja vida de teatre (Half Life Theatre, 1960). As a plastic artist, focused on a modernist style typical symbolist (\"La rosada\" The dew, MNAC). He was one of the leading graphic artists of Modernism, emphasizing their posters. Finally devoted their efforts to the set of works assembled by him. It is well represented in the Library of Catalonia, where even the twelve panels are preserved in oil painted for the Wagnerian Association, around 1902.\nHe also dignify the Catalan drama, which he stood at the same level as in other modern nations. For this purpose he built a Catalan repertoire full of classics, contemporary and native size plays like Aeschylus, Moli\u00e8re, Shakespeare, Goethe, P\u00e9rez Gald\u00f3s, Maragall, \u00c0ngel Guimer\u00e0 o Santiago Rusi\u00f1ol. At the same time, the creation of l'Escola Catalana d'Art Dram\u00e0tic (School of Dramatic Art, 1913-1934), the current seed of l'Institut del Teatre (Theatre Institute), helped institutionalize the Catalan theater. It was the first organization dedicated to teaching the performing arts.\nAiming to renew the drama from head to toe Catalan sign nineteenth century, alternated eclectic references, from Henrik Ibsen and Maurice Maeterlinck to Richard Wagner, to Gabriele d'Annunzio and Gerhart Hauptmann and aesthetic heterogeneous.\nGual grew as a playwright at the height modernist and symbolist poetry was soaking his early works. Nocturn. Andante. Morat(1896) and Silenci (1898), with decadent atmosphere and a very suggestive correspondence between music and colors and words.\nThe successful Misteri de dolor(1904) inaugurated a new period. First, Gual opted for a dramatic style of drawing more realistic, melodramatic and social, which is quite visible in Els pobres menestrals (1908). On the other hand, with Blancaflor (1899) opts for a combination of myth and song. He also made a foray into comedy with Les alegres comediantes (1905). Still, he ventured into the poetic theater, characterized by verse, scenic wonder and atmosphere with legendary Donzell qui cerca muller (1910).\nIn short, Adri\u00e0 Gual regeneration, Europeanisation and the ennobling Catalan arts of the twentieth century", "Q959809": "Peter Derek Kircher (born 21 January 1945, Folkestone, Kent) is a retired English rock/pop drummer. He played between 1982 and 1985 in the rock band Status Quo. Highlights of this period included playing at Live Aid and the National Bowl, and meeting the Prince of Wales at a benefit gig for The Prince's Trust at the Birmingham NEC, an event preserved on the 1982 album Live at the N.E.C..", "Q289752": "Miwa Watabiki (\u7dbf\u5f15 \u7f8e\u548c, Watabiki Miwa, born January 13, 1968), better known by her stage name Chara, is a Japanese singer, actress and video jockey. She debuted in 1991 with the single Heaven. She is most well known for her song \"Swallowtail Butterfly (Ai no Uta)\", the theme song for the 1996 Shunji Iwai film Swallowtail Butterfly (in which she starred), her 1997 hit single \"Yasashii Kimochi\", and her collaboration with Judy and Mary vocalist Yuki, \"Ai no Hi Mittsu Orange\". Chara later formed a band with Yuki, called Mean Machine.", "Q734756": "Tegan and Sara are a Canadian indie pop band formed in 1998 in Calgary, Alberta, composed of identical twin sisters Tegan Rain Quin and Sara Keirsten Quin (born September 19, 1980). Both musicians are songwriters and multi-instrumentalists.The pair have released nine studio albums and numerous EPs. The duo earned a Grammy nomination in 2012 for their DVD/Live Album Get Along. Their ninth album, Hey, I'm Just Like You, was released on September 27, 2019. Their memoir, High School, was released on September 24, 2019.\n\n", "Q1508212": "George S. Barrett is an American business executive in the health care industry. He served as chairman and chief executive officer of Cardinal Health, Inc. from 2009 to 2017. He joined the board of the Columbus Foundation in December 2017.", "Q1364187": "Pedro Cortina Mauri (born La Pobla de Segur, 18 March 1908 \u2013 Madrid, 14 February 1993) was a Spanish politician and diplomat who served as the last Minister of Foreign Affairs under Francisco Franco between 1970 and 1975 and the first one with democracy until 1980. He had been Ambassador to France. He is the father of the famous businessmen Alfonso and Alberto Cortina. His wife died in 1976.", "Q960050": "Travers John Heagerty (5 March 1874 \u2013 18 October 1965), known by the stage name Henry Travers, was an English film and stage character actor. His most famous role was the guardian angel Clarence Odbody in the 1946 film classic It's a Wonderful Life. He also received an Academy Award nomination for his supporting role in Mrs. Miniver (1942). Travers specialized in portraying slightly bumbling but friendly and lovable old men.", "Q89704": "Reinhold Klotz (13 March 1807 \u2013 10 August 1870) was a German classical scholar.", "Q139029": "Riley Joseph Wilson (November 12, 1871 \u2013 February 23, 1946) was a Louisiana educator, attorney and legislator in the first half of the late 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century. A Democrat, Wilson served in the United States House of Representatives from 1915 until 1937. He was defeated for renomination in 1936 by Newt V. Mills.\nWilson was born near Goldonna in Natchitoches Parish. In 1894, he graduated from Iuka Normal Institute in Iuka in Tishomingo County in the far northeastern corner of Mississippi. From 1895 to 1897, he was the principal of Harrisonburg High School in Harrisonburg, the seat of Catahoula Parish. Wilson studied law privately, was admitted to the bar in 1898, and thereafter opened his practice in Harrisonburg.\nPrior to his service in the U.S. Congress, Wilson was a district attorney, state district court judge, and, from 1900 to 1904, a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives. He succeeded a Populist state legislator, Henry Breithaupt.\nWilson and Governor Oramel H. Simpson were the two unsuccessful gubernatorial candidates in the 1928 Democratic primary. They lost to the legendary Huey Pierce Long, Jr., at the time a member of the Louisiana Public Service Commission. Long claimed that Wilson carried the support of \"a bunch of stuffed shirts calling themselves Square Dealers\" whereas Simpson was backed by \"a gang of cutthroats and liars from Bourbon Street brothels and those moth-eaten aristocrats sipping their booze and branch water on rich plantations.\"Long claimed that Wilson and Simpson reminded him of \"the old medicine man who used to come to Winnfield when I was a boy. That old faker, with his worthless cure-alls, would skin a widow woman out of her last dollar and make her think his medicine would cure anything from toe itch to whooping cough. [Wilson and Simpson] are just alike and are being supported by the same smelly medicine men.\"One of Wilson's congressional aides was State Representative Rupert Peyton, who served from 1932 to 1936. Peyton was also a Shreveport journalist and historian.\nWilson spent his later years in Ruston, the seat of Lincoln Parish in north Louisiana, where he died at the age of seventy-four. He is interred there at Greenwood Cemetery.", "Q2305983": "The Amigoe is a Dutch-language daily newspaper with editorials in Cura\u00e7ao and whose audience are the peoples of the former Netherlands Antilles, specifically Cura\u00e7ao and Aruba. The newspaper is one of the most widely read dailies in Aruba.The newspaper was founded on December 1883 under the name of Amigoe di Cura\u00e7ao by the Dominican Order. It began its circulation in Aruba in 1884. The edition used to be weekly until 1935, when it started to be published two times each week. In 1941, the newspaper became a daily newspaper (except Sunday) issued by the Catholic Church. The online version of the newspaper was founded on January 8, 1998.", "Q505241": "Bart Frederikus de Graaff (Dutch pronunciation: [b\u0251rt \u02ccfre\u02d0d\u0259\u02c8rik\u0275z d\u0259 \u02c8\u0263ra\u02d0f]; 16 April 1967 \u2013 25 May 2002) was an influential Dutch television presenter, comedian and creator, as well as the founder and chairman of the public broadcasting network BNN.", "Q242423": "Maria D\u0105browska ([d\u0254m\u02c8br\u0254fska]; 6 October 1889 \u2013 19 May 1965) was a Polish writer, novelist, essayist, journalist and playwright, author of the popular Polish historical novel Noce i dnie (Nights and Days) written between 1932 and 1934 in four separate volumes. The novel was made into a film by the same title in 1975 by Jerzy Antczak. D\u0105browska was awarded the prestigious Golden Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature in 1935. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times. She translated Samuel Pepys' Diary into Polish.", "Q167155": "Kalamazoo is a city in the southwest region of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Kalamazoo County. As of the 2010 census, Kalamazoo had a population of 74,262. Kalamazoo is the major city of the Kalamazoo-Portage Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of 335,340 as of 2015. Kalamazoo is equidistant from the major American cities of Chicago and Detroit, each less than 150 miles away.\nOne of Kalamazoo's most notable features is the Kalamazoo Mall, an outdoor pedestrian shopping mall. The city created the mall in 1959 by closing part of Burdick Street to auto traffic, although two of the mall's four blocks have been reopened to auto traffic since 1999. Kalamazoo is home to Western Michigan University, a large public university, Kalamazoo College, a private liberal arts college, and Kalamazoo Valley Community College, a two-year community college.", "Q458620": "The Peace Corps is a volunteer program run by the United States government. Its official mission is to provide social and economic development abroad through technical assistance, while promoting mutual understanding between Americans and populations served. The program was established by Executive Order 10924, issued by President John F. Kennedy on March 1961 and authorized by Congress on September 21, 1962 with passage of the Peace Corps Act (Pub.L. 87\u2013293).\nPeace Corps Volunteers are American citizens, typically with a college degree, who work abroad for a period of two years after three months of training. Volunteers work with governments, schools, non-profit organizations, non-government organizations, and entrepreneurs in education, youth development, community health, business, information technology, agriculture, and the environment. After 24 months of service, volunteers can request an extension of service.Since its inception, more than 235,000 Americans have joined the Peace Corps and served in 141 countries. In 2020, due to the coronavirus pandemic all volunteers were evacuated from all posts. There are currently no volunteers serving at this time.", "Q682396": "Phoebe Buffay is a fictional character, portrayed by Lisa Kudrow, one of the six main characters from the American sitcom Friends, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman. She was born on February 16 and is the daughter of Frank Buffay and Lily Buffay. Her birth-mother's name was Phoebe Abbott. She has a twin sister named Ursula Buffay, who is also portrayed by Kudrow. Phoebe can speak several languages, including French and Italian. She appeared in each of the show's 236 episodes, from its premiere on September 24, 1994 to its finale on May 6, 2004. She is a masseuse and musician, notable for her offbeat and extremely ditzy behavior. She was Monica Geller's roommate before Rachel Green, which is how she was introduced to the group. Phoebe is best friends with Monica and Rachel, along with their neighbors, Chandler Bing and Joey Tribbiani, and also Monica's brother Ross Geller. She plays a Gibson Gospel and sings at Central Perk. During the show's ninth season, Phoebe and Joey decide to choose a blind date for each other. Phoebe finds someone for him, but Joey forgets about their deal and doesn't find anyone for her. So a couple of minutes before the date, Joey accidentally finds Mike who agrees to go on a blind date with Phoebe. Mike Hannigan (played by actor Paul Rudd) and Phoebe begin a romantic relationship. They later get engaged and then marry.\nFor her portrayal of Phoebe Buffay, Kudrow received a Golden Globe Award nomination and won a Primetime Emmy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a Satellite Award, and an American Comedy Award.", "Q1741866": "Walser Hammerspitze is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany. The former name was Sch\u00fcsser.", "Q2373815": "Syed Babar Ali, OBE (Urdu: \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u200e; born 15 June 1926) is a Pakistani businessman, philanthropist and former caretaker Finance Minister of Pakistan.He is the founder of Packages Limited, Milkpak Limited\u2013now Nestl\u00e9 Pakistan Limited and Lahore University of Management Sciences.", "Q73870": "Rudolf Jugert (1907\u20131979) was a German film director.", "Q214665": "Giovanni Rota Rinaldi (Italian: [d\u0292o\u02c8vanni \u02c8r\u0254\u02d0ta ri\u02c8naldi]; 3 December 1911 \u2013 10 April 1979), better known as Nino Rota ([ni\u02d0no]), was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor and academic who is best known for his film scores, notably for the films of Federico Fellini and Luchino Visconti. He also composed the music for two of Franco Zeffirelli's Shakespeare films, and for the first two films of Francis Ford Coppola's Godfather trilogy, receiving the Academy Award for Best Original Score for The Godfather Part II (1974).\nDuring his long career, Rota was an extraordinarily prolific composer, especially of music for the cinema. He wrote more than 150 scores for Italian and international productions from the 1930s until his death in 1979\u2014an average of three scores each year over a 46-year period, and in his most productive period from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s he wrote as many as ten scores every year, and sometimes more, with a remarkable thirteen film scores to his credit in 1954. Alongside this great body of film work, he composed ten operas, five ballets and dozens of other orchestral, choral and chamber works, the best known being his string concerto. He also composed the music for many theatre productions by Visconti, Zeffirelli and Eduardo De Filippo as well as maintaining a long teaching career at the Liceo Musicale in Bari, Italy, where he was the director for almost 30 years.", "Q441371": "Nicol\u00e1s Remigio Aurelio Avellaneda Silva (3 October 1837 \u2013 24 November 1885) was an Argentine politician and journalist, and president of Argentina from 1874 to 1880. Avellaneda's main projects while in office were banking and education reform, leading to Argentina's economic growth. The most important events of his government were the Conquest of the Desert and the transformation of the City of Buenos Aires into a federal district.", "Q660313": "Mojca Dr\u010dar Murko (born 2 July 1942 in Ljubljana) is a Slovenian politician and Member of the European Parliament. She is a member of Liberal Democracy of Slovenia, which is part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety.\nShe is also a substitute for the Committee on Regional Development, a member of the delegation to the EU\u2013Macedonia Joint Parliamentary Committee, a substitute for the delegation to the EU\u2013Croatia Joint Parliamentary Committee, and a substitute for the delegation to the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly.", "Q54217": "Norwalk is a U.S. city located in southwestern Connecticut, in southern Fairfield County, on the northern shore of Long Island Sound. Norwalk lies within both the New York metropolitan area as well as the Bridgeport metropolitan area.Norwalk was settled in 1649, and is the sixth most populous city in Connecticut. According to the 2010 United States Census it has had a population of 85,603; with an estimated population of 89,047 in 2018.", "Q298139": "Sezen Aksu (Turkish pronunciation: [se\u02c8zen \u02c8aksu]; born Fatma Sezen Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m; 13 July 1954) is a Turkish pop music singer, songwriter and producer who has sold over 40 million albums worldwide. Her nicknames include the \"Queen of Turkish Pop\" and Minik Ser\u00e7e (\"Little Sparrow\").\nAksu's influence on Turkish pop and world music has continued since her debut in 1975, and has been reinforced by her patronage of and collaboration with many other musicians, including Sertab Erener, \u015eebnem Ferah, A\u015fk\u0131n Nur Yengi, Hande Yener, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Tilbe, I\u015f\u0131n Karaca, Seden G\u00fcrel, Harun Kol\u00e7ak and Levent Y\u00fcksel. Sezen Aksu is widely known as a successful songwriter. Her work with Tarkan resulted in continental hits like \"\u015e\u0131mar\u0131k\" and \"\u015e\u0131k\u0131d\u0131m\" and her collaboration with Goran Bregovi\u0107 widened her international audience. In 2010, NPR named her as one of the \"50 Great Voices\" of the world.", "Q7754883": "The Old Man and the Sea is a 1990 television movie based on the novel The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway. The film was nominated for three Emmy Awards for Outstanding Achievement in Music for a Miniseries or a Special (Dramatic Underscore), Outstanding Sound Editing for a Miniseries for a Special, and Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Miniseries or Special. Stephen Grubbs also won the Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing in Television Long Form - Dialogue & ADR", "Q90533": "Rudi Pawelka is a German politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union.\nBorn on 24 March 1940, in Breslau, Silesia, Pawelka is an important German politician of the CDU. He is also the spokesman of the former German forced laborers (Arbeitskreises Deutsche Zwangsarbeiter or AKDZ) and a member of the Board of Trustees of the Silesian Museum in G\u00f6rlitz. \n\nPawelka was a Chief Police Director official. From 1971 was the second National chairman of the \"Friends of former CSU\" and is currently an active member of the CDU. Between 1975 and 1990 he was chairman of the CDU branch in Leverkusen-Rheindorf. From 1990 to 1994, and again from 2004 to 2009 he was a councilor in Leverkusen. \nIn 2000 he succeeded Herbert Hupka as federal chairman of the Landsmannschaft Schlesien. From 2001 to 2005 Pawelka was chairman of the Prussian Trust. In 2003, as a head of the Prussian Trust, he angered Jewish groups and caused outrage in Poland, which has long feared that some of the 12 million expelled in 1945 or their descendants would return to claim their properties.Pawelka is widowed and has one son and two daughters. Since 1961 he has resided in Leverkusen in the Rhineland.", "Q3315661": "Minute (French: [mi\u02c8nyt]) is a weekly newspaper, initially right-wing but now far-right, circulated in France since 1962. Its editorial position is satirical and conservative. According to figures provided by the paper's management, it had a circulation of 40,000 copies a week in 2006. Its headquarters is in Paris.", "Q229282": "Katharine Hope McPhee Foster (born March 25, 1984) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. In May 2006, she was the runner-up on the fifth season of American Idol.\nHer self-titled debut album was released on RCA Records on January 30, 2007, and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200, selling 381,000 copies (as of December 2010). The album's first single, \"Over It\", was a Pop Top 30 hit and was certified gold in 2008.\nHer second album, Unbroken, was released on Verve Forecast Records on January 5, 2010, and debuted at No. 27 on the \"Billboard 200\". The album featured the single \"Had It All\", which peaked at number 22 on the AC chart. It has sold 45,000 copies as of January 2011.\nHer third album, the holiday-themed Christmas Is the Time to Say I Love You, was released on October 12, 2010. The album debuted at number 11 on the Billboard Top Holiday Albums chart, while the single \"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas\" peaked at number 16 on the \"Billboard\" AC chart. As of January 2011, this album had sold 23,000 copies. McPhee released her fourth album, Hysteria, on September 18, 2015. She released her fifth album, I Fall in Love Too Easily, composed of jazz standards, on November 17, 2017.\nMcPhee has also established an acting career, co-starring in The House Bunny and Shark Night 3D. She played Karen Cartwright, one of the lead roles on Smash. From 2014 to 2018, she starred in CBS' Scorpion as Paige Dineen.", "Q664175": "Sinner are a German heavy metal band formed by vocalist and bassist Mat Sinner in 1982 (who later joined Primal Fear). They were part of the German heavy/speed/power metal scene. Their latest album, Santa Muerte, was released on September 13, 2019.", "Q16024": "Geldern (Dutch: Gelderen, archaic English: Guelder(s)) is a city in the federal German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is part of the district of Cleves, which is part of the D\u00fcsseldorf\nadministrative region.", "Q76908": "Maximilian, Margrave of Baden (Maximilian Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm; 10 July 1867 \u2013 6 November 1929), also known as Max von Baden, was a German prince and politician. He was heir presumptive to the throne of the Grand Duchy of Baden, and in October and November 1918 briefly served as Chancellor of the German Empire. He sued for peace on Germany's behalf at the end of World War I based on U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, which included immediately transforming the government into a parliamentary system, by handing over the title of chancellor to SPD Chairman Friedrich Ebert and unilaterally proclaiming the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II. Both events took place on 9 November 1918, the beginning of the Weimar Republic.", "Q731148": "James Henry Hammond (November 15, 1807 \u2013 November 13, 1864) was an attorney, politician and planter from South Carolina. He served as a United States Representative from 1835 to 1836, the 60th Governor of South Carolina from 1842 to 1844, and United States Senator from 1857 to 1860. He was considered one of the major spokesmen in favor of slavery in the years before the American Civil War.\nAcquiring property through marriage, he ultimately owned 22 square miles, several plantations and houses, and more than 300 slaves. Through his wife's family, he was a brother-in-law of Wade Hampton II and uncle to his children, including Wade Hampton III. When the senior Hampton learned that Hammond had abused his four Hampton nieces as teenagers, he made the scandal public. It was thought to derail Hammond's career for a time, but he was later elected as US senator. The Hampton family suffered more, as none of the girls married.", "Q83229": "Edward VI (12 October 1537 \u2013 6 July 1553) was the King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. Edward was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, and England's first monarch to be raised as a Protestant. During his reign, the realm was governed by a regency council because he never reached maturity. The council was first led by his uncle Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (1547\u20131549), and then by John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick (1550\u20131553), who from 1551 was Duke of Northumberland.\nEdward's reign was marked by economic problems and social unrest that in 1549 erupted into riot and rebellion. An expensive war with Scotland, at first successful, ended with military withdrawal from Scotland and Boulogne-sur-Mer in exchange for peace. The transformation of the Church of England into a recognisably Protestant body also occurred under Edward, who took great interest in religious matters. Although his father, Henry VIII, had severed the link between the Church and Rome, Henry VIII had never permitted the renunciation of Catholic doctrine or ceremony. It was during Edward's reign that Protestantism was established for the first time in England with reforms that included the abolition of clerical celibacy and the Mass, and the imposition of compulsory services in English.\nIn February 1553, at age 15, Edward fell ill. When his sickness was discovered to be terminal, he and his Council drew up a \"Devise for the Succession\", to prevent the country's return to Catholicism. Edward named his first cousin once removed, Lady Jane Grey, as his heir, excluding his half-sisters, Mary and Elizabeth. This decision was disputed following Edward's death, and Jane was deposed by Mary nine days after becoming queen. During her reign, Mary reversed Edward's Protestant reforms, which nonetheless became the basis of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement of 1559.\n\n", "Q736627": "Montr\u00e9al\u2013Trudeau International Airport (IATA: YUL, ICAO: CYUL) (French: A\u00e9roport International Montr\u00e9al-Trudeau) or Montr\u00e9al\u2013Trudeau, formerly known as Montr\u00e9al\u2013Dorval International Airport (A\u00e9roport international Montr\u00e9al-Dorval), is an international airport in Dorval, Quebec. It is the primary international airport serving Montreal, 20 km (12 mi) from Downtown Montreal. The airport terminals are located entirely in the suburb of Dorval, while one runway is located in the Montreal borough of Saint-Laurent. Air Canada, the country's flag carrier, also has its corporate headquarters complex on the Saint-Laurent side of the airport. It also serves Greater Montreal and adjacent regions in Quebec and eastern Ontario, as well as the states of Vermont and northern New York in the United States. The airport is named in honour of Pierre Elliott Trudeau, the 15th Prime Minister of Canada and father of current Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.\nThe airport is one of two managed and operated by A\u00e9roports de Montr\u00e9al (ADM), a not-for-profit corporation without share capital; the other being Montr\u00e9al\u2013Mirabel northwest of Montreal, which was initially intended to replace the one in Dorval but now deals almost solely with cargo. Montr\u00e9al\u2013Trudeau is owned by Transport Canada which has a 60-year lease with A\u00e9roports de Montr\u00e9al, as per Canada's National Airport Policy of 1994.Trudeau is the busiest airport in the province of Quebec and the third-busiest airport in Canada by both passenger traffic and aircraft movements, with 20.3 million passengers and 236,908 movements in 2019. It is one of eight Canadian airports with United States border preclearance and is one of the main gateways into Canada with 13.1 million or 65% of its passengers being on non-domestic flights, the highest proportion amongst Canada's airports during 2018. It is one of four Air Canada hubs and, in that capacity, serves mainly Quebec, the Atlantic Provinces and Eastern Ontario. On an average day, 53,000 passengers transit through Montr\u00e9al-Trudeau.\nAirlines servicing Trudeau offer year-round non-stop flights to five continents, namely Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. It is one of only two airports in Canada with direct flights to five continents or more, the other being Toronto Pearson International Airport. Trudeau airport is the headquarters of and a large hub for Air Canada, the country's largest airline. It is also the headquarters of Air Inuit and Air Transat, and an operation base for Sunwing Airlines and Porter Airlines. It also plays a role in general aviation as home to the headquarters of Innotech-Execair, Starlink, ACASS and Maintenance Repair & Overhaul (MRO) facilities of Air Transat and Air Inuit. Transport Canada operates a Civil Aviation Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul facility on site, with a fleet of Government owned and operated civil aircraft. Bombardier Aerospace has an assembly facility on site where they build Global and Challenger business jets.", "Q455304": "Tsidi Ibrahim, (November 26, 1976), known professionally as Jean Grae (formerly What? What?), is an American hip hop recording artist, emcee, producer, actress, and comedian from Brooklyn, New York City. She rose to prominence in the underground hip hop scene in New York City and has since built an international fanbase. She is known as an important figure in hip hop and popular culture. Grae, unlike many rappers and emcees, seeks to \"rupture the normative narratives of black sexuality\" and resist the bondage of heteronormativity. Thus she adopts the language of men to \"assert her mastery over lyricism and her desire for both men and women\". Nonetheless, her unique music style, gritty rhymes, and lyrical mastery have earned her recognition as a favorite emcee by many rap artists such as Talib Kweli, Jay-Z, and Black Thought of the Roots.", "Q380004": "Abu'l-Qasim Ubaydallah ibn Abdallah ibn Khordadbeh (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0647\u200e) (c. 820 \u2013 912 CE), better known as Ibn Khordadbeh or Ibn Khurradadhbih, was the author of the earliest surviving Arabic book of administrative geography. He was a Persian geographer and bureaucrat of the 9th century. He was the son of Abdallah ibn Khordadbeh, a prominent Abbasid general, who was the son of a Zoroastrian convert to Islam. Ibn Khordadbeh was appointed \"Director of Posts and Intelligence\" for the province of Jibal in northwestern Iran under the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutammid (ruled 869\u2013885 CE). In this capacity ibn Khordadbeh served as both postmaster general and the Caliph's personal spymaster in that vital province.\nAround 846-847CE ibn Khordadbeh wrote Kit\u0101b al Mas\u0101lik w\u2019al Mam\u0101lik (The Book of Roads and Kingdoms) (with the second edition of the book being published in 885CE). In this work, ibn Khordadbeh described the various peoples and provinces of the Abbasid Caliphate. Along with maps, the book also includes descriptions of the land, people and culture of the Southern Asian coast as far as Brahamputra, The Andaman Islands, peninsular Malaysia and Java. The lands of Tang China, Unified Silla (Korea) and Japan are referenced within his work. He was also one of the earliest Muslim writers to record Viking trade to the east: 'merchants called Rus traded in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, transporting their merchandise by camel as far as Baghdad.Ibn Khordadbeh clearly mentions Waqwaq twice: East of China are the lands of Waqwaq, which are so rich in gold that the inhabitants make the chains for their dogs and the collars for their monkeys of this metal. They manufacture tunics woven with gold. Excellent ebony wood is found there. And again: Gold and ebony are exported from Waqwaq.The book does not reflect a strong influence from Greek earlier works such as Ptolemy's. The work uses heavily Persian administrative terms, gives considerable weight to Pre-Islamic Iranian history, uses native Iranian cosmological division system of the world. These reflect the existence of Iranian sources at the heart of the work.It is one of the few surviving sources that describes Jewish merchants known as Radhanites.\nKhordadbeh wrote other books. He wrote around 8\u20139 other books on many subjects such as \"descriptive geography\" (the book Kit\u0101b al Mas\u0101lik w\u2019al Mam\u0101lik), \"etiquettes of listening to music\", \"Persian genealogy\", cooking\", \"drinking\", \"astral patterns\", \"boon-companions\", \"world history\", \"music and musical instruments\". The book on music had the title Kit\u0101b al-lahw wa-l-malahi which is on musical matters of Pre-Islamic Persia.", "Q518576": "Andr\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois-Poncet (13 June 1887 \u2013 8 January 1978) was a French politician and diplomat whose post as ambassador to Germany allowed him to witness first-hand the rise to power of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, and the Nazi regime's preparations for World War II.\nFran\u00e7ois-Poncet was the son of a counselor of the Court of Appeals in Paris. A student of German studies at the Paris Institute of Political Studies, his first area of study was journalism. One of Fran\u00e7ois-Poncet's early written works included observations made during several journeys to the German Empire in the years prior to World War I. During the war, he served as an infantry lieutenant.\nBetween 1917 and 1919, he was assigned to the press office of the French embassy in Bern, Switzerland and later served with the International Economic Mission in the United States and in other diplomatic roles under a series of French leaders.\nFran\u00e7ois-Poncet became managing director of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d'\u00e9tudes et d'informations \u00e9conomiques (Society for Economic Studies and Information). In 1924, he was replaced by \u00c9mile Mireaux.He served as a delegate to the League of Nations, and in August 1931 was named undersecretary of state and ambassador to Weimar Germany. From his post in Berlin, Fran\u00e7ois-Poncet witnessed the rise of Hitler and later observed signs of Germany's plans for World War II. The insightful Fran\u00e7ois-Poncet was described by American journalist William Shirer in his The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich as \"the best informed ambassador in Berlin\", but the French government generally did not heed the ambassador's many warnings about Hitler's intentions. Fran\u00e7ois-Poncet was inadvertently involved in the purge of the Night of the Long Knives when, in Hitler's justification for the killings, he referred to a dinner that Fran\u00e7ois-Poncet had attended with Ernst R\u00f6hm and Kurt von Schleicher as evidence that the men had been conspiring with the French to overthrow the German government. As the evidence was manufactured, Fran\u00e7ois-Poncet himself was never named or charged with anything.Shortly after the Munich Agreement was signed in 1938, Fran\u00e7ois-Poncet left his post as French ambassador to Germany\nafter a farewell visit to Hitler at the Eagle's Nest on 18 October 1938.\nHe was then reassigned to Rome as ambassador to Fascist Italy. He served in that position until 1940 when Italy declared war to France.\nArrested by the Gestapo during the wartime German occupation of France, Fran\u00e7ois-Poncet was imprisoned for three years.\nIn 1949, he was named French high commissioner to West Germany, a position which was later elevated to ambassador. Fran\u00e7ois-Poncet served in this capacity until 1955. He was later vice president and president of the French Red Cross. In 1952, he was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise, taking the seat previously occupied by Marshal Philippe Petain.\nOccasionally contributing to the French newspaper Le Figaro, Fran\u00e7ois-Poncet wrote numerous books, several based on his experience as French ambassador to Germany in the 1930s and reflecting his lifelong interest in Germany. At least one of his works, Souvenirs d'une ambassade \u00e0 Berlin, published in France in 1946, was translated to English as The Fateful Years: Memoirs of a French Ambassador in Berlin, 1931\u20131938 in 1949.\nAndr\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois-Poncet was the father of Jean Fran\u00e7ois-Poncet, also a French politician and diplomat who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs under French President Val\u00e9ry Giscard d'Estaing.", "Q442678": "Dil Ka Rishta (Hindi: \u0926\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u093e, Urdu: \u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u06c1, English: Relationship of the heart) is a 2003 Indian Hindi romance film, directed by Naresh Malhotra and produced by Aditya Rai. It was produced and distributed under Aishwarya's own Target Films banner and Tips Industries Limited. The film stars Arjun Rampal and Aishwarya Rai in the lead roles with Isha Koppikar, Raakhee, Paresh Rawal and Priyanshu Chatterjee in supporting roles. The music is composed by Nadeem Shravan and the lyrics are penned by Sameer.", "Q92324": "Tonghua (Chinese: \u901a\u5316; pinyin: T\u014dnghu\u00e0) is an industrial city in the south of Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It borders North Korea's Chagang Province to the south and southeast, Baishan to the east, Jilin City to the north, Liaoyuan to the northwest, and Liaoning province to the west and southwest. Administratively, it is a prefecture-level city with a total population of 2,325,242 living in an area of 15,195 square kilometres (5,867 sq mi). Urban population is 506,877. It is known as one of the five medicine production centres in China.", "Q122409": "Bruno Hunziker (10 February 1930 in Winterthur \u2013 27 March 2000 in Aarau) was a Swiss attorney, politician, and member of the Aargau canton and Swiss federal parliaments.", "Q61723": "Gustav Landauer (7 April 1870 \u2013 2 May 1919) was one of the leading theorists on anarchism in Germany at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. He was an advocate of social anarchism and an avowed pacifist. In 1919, during the German Revolution, he was briefly Commissioner of Enlightenment and Public Instruction of the short-lived Bavarian Soviet Republic. He was killed when this Republic was overthrown.\nLandauer is also known for his study of metaphysics and religion, and his translations of William Shakespeare's works into German.", "Q237533": "Natalya Khusainovna Estemirova (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0425\u0443\u0441\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u042d\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430; 28 February 1958 \u2013 15 July 2009) was a Russian human rights activist and board member of the Russian human rights organization Memorial. Estemirova was abducted by unknown persons on 15 July 2009 around 8:30 a.m. from her home in Grozny, Chechnya, as she was working on \"extremely sensitive\" cases of human rights abuses in Chechnya. Two witnesses reported they saw Estemirova being pushed into a car shouting that she was being abducted. Her remains were found with bullet wounds in the head and chest area at 4:30 p.m. in woodland 100 metres (330 ft) away from the federal road \"Kavkaz\" near the village of Gazi-Yurt, Ingushetia.", "Q154010": "Christoph Martin Wieland (German: [\u02c8vi\u02d0lant]; 5 September 1733 \u2013 20 January 1813) was a German poet and writer. He is best-remembered for having written the first Bildungsroman (Geschichte des Agathon), as well as the epic Oberon, which formed the basis for Carl Maria von Weber's opera of the same name. His thought was representative of the cosmopolitanism of the German Enlightenment, exemplified in his remark: \"Only a true cosmopolitan can be a good citizen.\"", "Q276209": "Mindy Cohn (born May 20, 1966) is an American actress, voice actress, singer and comedian. She is known for her role as Natalie Green in the sitcom The Facts of Life, and for being the voice of Velma Dinkley in the Scooby-Doo franchise from 2002 to 2015.\nShe resides in Beverly Hills.", "Q741120": "Gareth Richard Vaughan Jones (13 August 1905 \u2013 12 August 1935) was a Welsh journalist who first reported in the Western world, without equivocation and under his own name, the existence of the Soviet famine of 1932\u201333, including the Holodomor. Earlier reports by Malcolm Muggeridge, writing as an anonymous correspondent, had appeared in the Manchester Guardian.", "Q68061": "Cage the Elephant is an American rock band from Bowling Green, Kentucky that formed in 2006. They relocated to London, England in 2008 before their first album was released. The band currently consists of lead vocalist Matt Shultz, rhythm guitarist Brad Shultz, lead guitarist Nick Bockrath, guitarist and keyboardist Matthan Minster, bassist Daniel Tichenor, and drummer Jared Champion. Lincoln Parish served as the band's lead guitarist from their formation in 2006 until December 2013, when he left on good terms to pursue a career in producing. The band's first album, Cage the Elephant, was released in 2008 to much success, spawning several successful radio singles and gained the band a large following in both the United States and the United Kingdom. It was influenced by classic rock, funk, and blues music. \nThe band's second album, Thank You, Happy Birthday, was heavily influenced by punk rock as well as bands such as Pixies and Nirvana. The band's third album, Melophobia, was the band's concerted effort to find its own distinct musical identity. Cage the Elephant's fourth album, Tell Me I'm Pretty, produced by Dan Auerbach, was released on December 18, 2015. The band released a live album, Unpeeled, on July 28, 2017. Their fifth studio album, Social Cues, was released on April 19, 2019. They won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Album twice, in 2017 for Tell Me I'm Pretty and in 2020 for Social Cues.", "Q392": "Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman; May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and visual artist who has been a major figure in popular culture for more than 50 years. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" (1963) and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" (1964) became anthems for the civil rights and anti-war movements. His lyrics during this period incorporated a range of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences, defied pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture.\nFollowing his self-titled debut album in 1962, which mainly comprised traditional folk songs, Dylan made his breakthrough as a songwriter with the release of The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan the following year. The album featured \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and the thematically complex \"A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall\". For many of these songs, he adapted the tunes and phraseology of older folk songs. He went on to release the politically charged The Times They Are a-Changin' and the more lyrically abstract and introspective Another Side of Bob Dylan in 1964. In 1965 and 1966, Dylan drew controversy when he adopted electrically amplified rock instrumentation, and in the space of 15 months recorded three of the most important and influential rock albums of the 1960s: Bringing It All Back Home (1965), Highway 61 Revisited (1965) and Blonde on Blonde (1966). Commenting on the six-minute single \"Like a Rolling Stone\" (1965), Rolling Stone wrote: \"No other pop song has so thoroughly challenged and transformed the commercial laws and artistic conventions of its time, for all time.\"In July 1966, Dylan withdrew from touring after a motorcycle accident. During this period, he recorded a large body of songs with members of the Band, who had previously backed him on tour. These recordings were released as the collaborative album The Basement Tapes in 1975. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Dylan explored country music and rural themes in John Wesley Harding (1967), Nashville Skyline (1969), and New Morning (1970). In 1975, he released Blood on the Tracks, which many saw as a return to form. In the late 1970s, he became a born-again Christian and released a series of albums of contemporary gospel music before returning to his more familiar rock-based idiom in the early 1980s. The major works of his later career include Time Out of Mind (1997), Love and Theft (2001), Modern Times (2006) and Tempest (2012). In the 2010s, he recorded a series of three albums comprising versions of traditional American standards, especially songs recorded by Frank Sinatra. Dylan released his first original song in eight years in 2020, \"Murder Most Foul\", which addresses the assassination of President Kennedy. Backed by a changing lineup of musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour.\nSince 1994, Dylan has published eight books of drawings and paintings, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. He has sold more than 100 million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. He has received numerous awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, ten Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize Board in 2008 awarded him a special citation for \"his profound impact on popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of extraordinary poetic power\". In 2016, Dylan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature \"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition\".", "Q152461": "Karol\u00edna Kurkov\u00e1 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8karoli\u02d0na \u02c8kurkova\u02d0]; born 28 February 1984) is a Czech model and actress, best known as a former Victoria's Secret Angel and Vogue cover star. Mario Testino praised the \"proportions of her body and her face, as well as her energy level\", which he said \"ma[de] her a model who could fit almost into any moment\". Vogue editor Anna Wintour called her the \"next supermodel\".Kurkov\u00e1 is among the world's top-earning models, having earned an estimated $5 million in the year 2007. She placed 6th in the Forbes annual list of the highest-earning models.", "Q57291": "Mwai Kibaki, C.G.H. (born 15 November 1931) is a Kenyan politician who was the third President of Kenya, serving from December 2002 until April 2013.\nKibaki was previously Vice-President of Kenya for ten years from 1978 to 1988 under President Daniel arap Moi. He also held cabinet ministerial positions in the Kenyatta and Moi governments, including time as minister for Finance (1969\u20131981) under Kenyatta, and Minister for Home Affairs (1982\u20131988) and Minister for Health (1988\u20131991) under Moi.Kibaki served as an opposition Member of Parliament from 1992 to 2002. He unsuccessfully vied for the presidency in 1992 and 1997. He served as the Leader of the Official Opposition in Parliament from 1998 to 2002. In the 2002 presidential election, he was elected as President of Kenya.", "Q4673549": "Acharya Tulsi (20 October 1914 \u2013 23 June 1997) was a prominent Jain religious leader. He was the founder of the Anuvrata movement and the Jain Vishva Bharti Institute, Ladnun and the author of over one hundred books.\nAcharya Mahapragya, Acharya Mahashraman and Sadhvipramukha Kanakprabha were his disciples.", "Q945011": "Norman Podhoretz (; born January 16, 1930) is an American neoconservative pundit, who identifies his views as \"paleo-neoconservative\". He is a writer for Commentary magazine.\n\n", "Q101987": "Christine Lucyga (born 6 April 1944) is a German SPD politician and former member of the East German Volkskammer (March - October 1990) and the Bundestag (1990\u20132005).\nLucyga was born in Kolberg, Pomerania (today Ko\u0142obrzeg, Poland) and grew up in Rostock, East Germany after her hometown became part of Poland after World War II.\nShe studied Slavonic and Spanish studies at the University of Rostock and made her doctorate on literature of Latin America in 1980. Between 1969 and 1989 she worked as a teacher of foreign languages at the nautical school at Warnem\u00fcnde and the Rostock University.\nIn September 1989 Lucyga joined the opposition party Neues Forum and in late 1989 the Social Democratic Party of Germany. She was elected as the Volkskammer delegate of Rostock in the first free election in East Germany in March 1990 and became a member of the German Bundestag after the reunification of Germany in October 1990. Lucyga was reelected in 1994, 1998, 2002 and abandoned to candidate in 2005.", "Q156607": "The Spartacus League (German: Spartakusbund) was a Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany during World War I. The League was named after Spartacus, leader of the largest slave rebellion of the Roman Republic. It was founded by Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, Clara Zetkin, and others. The League subsequently renamed itself the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD), joining the Comintern in 1919. Its period of greatest activity was during the German Revolution of 1918, when it sought to incite a revolution by circulating the newspaper Spartacus Letters.", "Q299970": "Branko Cveji\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0411\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0426\u0432\u0435\u0458\u0438\u045b; born 25 August 1946) is a Serbian actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films since 1962. Cveji\u0107 was director of the Yugoslav Drama Theatre from 2002 to 2011.", "Q25161": "Roald Dahl (Norwegian: [\u02c8r\u00f9\u02d0\u0251l \u02c8d\u0251\u02d0l], commonly pronounced as ; 13 September 1916 \u2013 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and wartime fighter pilot. His books have sold more than 250 million copies worldwide.Dahl was born in Wales to Norwegian immigrant parents. He served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. He became a fighter pilot and, subsequently, an intelligence officer, rising to the rank of acting wing commander. He rose to prominence as a writer in the 1940s with works for children and for adults, and he became one of the world's best-selling authors. He has been referred to as \"one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century\". His awards for contribution to literature include the 1983 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement and the British Book Awards' Children's Author of the Year in 1990. In 2008, The Times placed Dahl 16th on its list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\".Dahl's short stories are known for their unexpected endings, and his children's books for their unsentimental, macabre, often darkly comic mood, featuring villainous adult enemies of the child characters. His books champion the kindhearted and feature an underlying warm sentiment. His works for children include James and the Giant Peach, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Matilda, The Witches, Fantastic Mr Fox, The BFG, The Twits, and George's Marvellous Medicine. His adult works include Tales of the Unexpected.", "Q184999": "Lin Zexu (30 August 1785 \u2013 22 November 1850), courtesy name Yuanfu, was a Chinese head of states (Viceroy), Governor General, scholar-official under Emperor of the Qing dynasty best known for his role in the First Opium War of 1839\u201342. He was from Fuzhou, Fujian Province. Lin's forceful opposition to the opium trade was a primary catalyst for the First Opium War. He is praised for his constant position on the \"moral high ground\" in his fight, but he is also blamed for a rigid approach which failed to account for the domestic and international complexities of the problem. The Daoguang Emperor endorsed the hardline policies advocated by Lin, but then blamed Lin for the resulting disastrous war.", "Q2142133": "Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell (15 June 1792 \u2013 5 October 1855), surveyor and explorer of south-eastern Australia, was born at Grangemouth in Stirlingshire, Scotland. In 1827 he took up an appointment as Assistant Surveyor General of New South Wales. The following year he became Surveyor General and remained in this position until his death. Mitchell was knighted in 1839 for his contribution to the surveying of Australia.", "Q100441": "Anton Sommer (11 December 1816 - 1 June 1888) was a dialect poet from Thuringia (now in central Germany). He was born and died in Rudolstadt.", "Q151168": "Martin Klebba (born June 23, 1969) is an American actor and stunt performer. Klebba has a form of dwarfism called acromicric dysplasia; he is 3 feet 10 inches (1.17 m) tall. He is best known for his role as Marty in the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise.", "Q368745": "Bogdan Raczynski (born 1977) is a Polish American braindance artist. He was born in Poland, but later moved to the United States with his family. He attended art school in Japan, but later dropped out and eventually became homeless, living on the streets of Tokyo or in friends' homes. He then took up residence in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His work includes remixes of Bj\u00f6rk and Ulver.", "Q65545": "J\u00fcrgen Dieter Paul Schmude (born 9 June 1936) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. He was born in Insterburg, East Prussia, Germany, (now Chernyakhovsk, Russia).\nSchmude was a member of the German Parliament, the Bundestag, from 1969 to 1994. From 1978 to 1981 he was Federal German Minister for Education and Science and later Federal Minister of Justice from 1981 to 1982, then briefly Minister of the Interior in 1982. He is married and has two children.", "Q12915": "Amata Kabua (November 17, 1928 \u2013 December 20, 1996) was the first President of the Marshall Islands from 1979 to 1996 (five consecutive terms).", "Q150276": "Nkosazana Clarice Dlamini-Zuma (born 27 January 1949), sometimes referred to by her initials NDZ, is a South African politician and anti-apartheid activist, currently serving as Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs. She was South Africa's Minister of Health from 1994 to 1999, under President Nelson Mandela, Minister of Foreign Affairs, under presidents Thabo Mbeki and Kgalema Motlanthe, Minister of Home Affairs in the first term of former President Jacob Zuma (with whom she was previously married for 16 years) and Minister in the Presidency for the National Planning Commission for Policy and Evaluation under President Cyril Ramaphosa.On 15 July 2012, Dlamini-Zuma was elected by the African Union Commission as its chairperson, making her the first woman to lead the organisation or its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity; she took office on 15 October 2012. On 30 January 2017, she was replaced as Chairperson of the AU Commission by Chadian Foreign Minister Moussa Faki.She ran for the position of President of the African National Congress in 2017, but was defeated by Cyril Ramaphosa at the 54th National Conference of the African National Congress.", "Q275700": "Sheetal Sheth ( (listen)) is an Indian American actress and producer. She starred opposite Albert Brooks in his film Looking for Comedy in the Muslim World. She debuted to rave reviews in the films ABCD and American Chai, and has appeared in the films I Can't Think Straight and The World Unseen. Sheth has been selected to represent such brands as CHI haircare and Reebok. She was also the first Indian American to appear in Maxim magazine.", "Q4182927": "A stockbroker, share holder registered representative (in the United States and Canada), trading representative (in Singapore), or more broadly, an investment broker, investment adviser, financial adviser, wealth manager, or investment professional is a regulated broker, broker-dealer, or registered investment adviser (in the United States) who may provide financial advisory and investment management services and execute transactions such as the purchase or sale of stocks and other investments to financial market participants in return for a commission, markup, or fee, which could be based on a flat rate, percentage of assets, or hourly rate. Examples of professional designations held by individuals in this field, which affects the types of investments they are permitted to sell and the services they provide include chartered financial consultants, certified financial planners or chartered financial analysts (in the United States), chartered strategic wealth professionals (in Canada), chartered financial planners (in the UK), and Master of Business Administration. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority provides an online tool designed to help understand professional designations in the United States.", "Q4822451": "The Cebeci Asri Cemetery (Turkish: Cebeci Asri Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131) is a cemetery located in the Cebeci quarter of central Ankara, Turkey serving multiple religions. It was the first modern burial place in the capital city, and is the final resting place of many prominent figures.\nAs of 2005, the total number of graves in the Cebeci Asri Cemetery was 220,000, with 121,000 for males and 99,000 for females. The burial rate was two per day. Administered by the municipality, it is the second largest cemetery in Ankara after Kar\u015f\u0131yaka Cemetery.", "Q1293094": "The Karl Liebknecht School (German: Karl-Liebknecht-Schule), named after Karl Liebknecht, was a German-language elementary school in Moscow. It was established for the children of German refugees to the Soviet Union. It opened in 1924 and was closed in 1939. A number of students and teachers were caught up in the Great Purge and the so-called Hitler Youth Conspiracy, many of them executed.", "Q2604329": "Fascination Records is a United Kingdom-based record label, owned by Universal Music Group, and operated as an imprint of Polydor Records. The label was launched in spring of 2006, and is managed by former TOTP Magazine editor Peter Loraine. \nIn 2010, Loraine announced he is setting up a management company, Fascination Management, while Fascination Records will continue as an imprint until 2014.", "Q628182": "Istv\u00e1n Somodi (August 22, 1885 \u2013 June 8, 1963) was a Hungarian athlete who competed mainly in the high jump.\nHe competed for a Hungary in the 1908 Summer Olympics held in London, Great Britain in the high jump where he won the silver medal.", "Q23276": "Surrey () is a county in South East England which borders Kent to the east, East Sussex to the southeast, West Sussex to the south, Hampshire to the west, Berkshire to the northwest, and Greater London to the northeast. With about 1.2 million people, Surrey is the twelfth most populous English county, the third most populous home county, after Kent and Essex, and the third most populous in the Southeast, after Hampshire and Kent. \nSurrey is a relatively wealthy county. It has the highest GDP per capita of any English county, some of the highest property values outside Inner London, and also the highest cost of living outside the capital. It has the highest proportion of woodland of counties in England. It has four horse racing courses, and golf courses including the international competition venue at Wentworth. \nGuildford is popularly regarded as the county town, although Surrey County Council is based extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames. Surrey is divided into eleven districts.", "Q1134293": "James C. \"Jim\" Collins (born 1958) is an American researcher, author, speaker and consultant focused on the subject of business management and company sustainability and growth.\n\n", "Q161915": "for the Hong Kong film see Affectionately Yours (1985 film)Affectionately Yours is a 1941 American romantic comedy film directed by Lloyd Bacon and starring Merle Oberon, Dennis Morgan, and Rita Hayworth.", "Q7408361": "Samuel E. Wyly, known as Sam Wyly (born October 4, 1934), is an American entrepreneur and businessman, author, philanthropist, and major contributor to conservative candidates. In 2006, Forbes magazine estimated his net worth at $1.1 billion.", "Q119676": "Mekhi Phifer (; born December 29, 1974) is an American actor. He portrayed Dr. Greg Pratt on NBC's long-running medical drama ER and had a co-starring role opposite Eminem in the feature film 8 Mile. He was a recurring cast member on the Fox crime show Lie to Me in the role of Ben Reynolds before season three, and also starred as CIA agent Rex Matheson in Torchwood: Miracle Day.\n\n", "Q233033": "Margaret Edith Weis (; born March 16, 1948) is an American fantasy and science fiction writer and author of dozens of novels and short stories. Along with Tracy Hickman, Weis is one of the original creators of the Dragonlance game world.\n\n", "Q574651": "Anti-folk (sometimes antifolk or unfolk) is a music genre that arose in the 1980s in reaction to the insularity of the remnants of the 1960s folk music scene. The music tends to sound raw or experimental with the intention to shock and protest. It generally mocks perceived seriousness and pretension in the established mainstream music scene. Artists of the anti-folk genre seem to observe the \"rules\" of music, but then deliberately break them.", "Q275066": "Macha M\u00e9ril (born Princess Maria-Magdalena Vladimirovna Gagarina on 3 September 1940) is a French actress and writer.", "Q6853": "Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infection. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. In acute infection, some may develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, tiredness, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. Cirrhosis or liver cancer occur in about 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterilization. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five main hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion, and that condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease, antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon may be useful; however, these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives. At least 391 million people, or 5% of the world's population, had chronic HBV infection as of 2017. While another 145 million cases of acute HBV infection occurred that year. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is most common in the Western Pacific (6.2%) and African (6.1%) regions. In Europe rates are 1.6% and in the Americas they are 0.7%. It was originally known as \"serum hepatitis\".", "Q42844": "Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known simply as depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations. It is often accompanied by low self-esteem, loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, low energy, and pain without a clear cause. Those affected may also occasionally have false beliefs or see or hear things that others cannot. Some people have periods of depression separated by years in which they are normal, while others nearly always have symptoms present. Major depressive disorder can negatively affect a person's personal life, work life, or education as well as sleeping, eating habits, and general health. About 2\u20138% of adults with major depression die by suicide, and about 50% of people who die by suicide had depression or another mood disorder.The cause is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors include a family history of the condition, major life changes, certain medications, chronic health problems, and substance abuse. About 40% of the risk appears to be related to genetics. The diagnosis of major depressive disorder is based on the person's reported experiences and a mental status examination. There is no laboratory test for the disorder. Testing, however, may be done to rule out physical conditions that can cause similar symptoms. Major depression is more severe and lasts longer than sadness, which is a normal part of life. Since 2016, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has recommended screening for depression among those over the age 12, while a 2005 Cochrane review found that the routine use of screening questionnaires has little effect on detection or treatment.Those with major depressive disorder are typically treated with counseling and antidepressant medication. Medication appears to be effective, but the effect may only be significant in the most severely depressed. It is unclear whether medications affect the risk of suicide. Types of counseling used include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy. If other measures are not effective, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be considered. Hospitalization may be necessary in cases with a risk of harm to self and may occasionally occur against a person's wishes.Major depressive disorder affected approximately 216 million people (3% of the world's population) in 2015. The percentage of people who are affected at one point in their life varies from 7% in Japan to 21% in France. Lifetime rates are higher in the developed world (15%) compared to the developing world (11%). The disorder causes the second-most years lived with disability, after lower back pain. The most common time of onset is in a person's 20s and 30s. Females are affected about twice as often as males. The American Psychiatric Association added \"major depressive disorder\" to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) in 1980. It was a split of the previous depressive neurosis in the DSM-II, which also encompassed the conditions now known as dysthymia and adjustment disorder with depressed mood. Those currently or previously affected may be stigmatized.", "Q743051": "Philip John \"Jon\" Hiseman (21 June 1944 \u2013 12 June 2018) was an English drummer, recording engineer, record producer, and music publisher.", "Q88195": "Thomas Prinzhorn (born 5 March 1943 in Vienna) is an Austrian industrialist and politician of the national liberal party Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZ\u00d6).\n\n", "Q185339": "Air Canada is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Canada by fleet size and passengers carried. The airline, founded in 1937, provides scheduled and charter air transport for passengers and cargo to 207 destinations worldwide. It is a founding member of the Star Alliance. Air Canada's corporate headquarters are in Montreal, Quebec, while its largest hub is at Toronto Pearson International Airport. The airline's regional service is Air Canada Express.\nCanada's national airline originated from the Canadian federal government's 1936 creation of Trans-Canada Airlines (TCA), which began operating its first transcontinental flight routes in 1938. In 1965, TCA was renamed Air Canada following government approval. After the deregulation of the Canadian airline market in the 1980s, the airline was privatized in 1988. On 4 January 2000, Air Canada acquired its largest rival, Canadian Airlines. In 2003, the airline filed for bankruptcy protection and in the following year emerged and reorganized under the holding company ACE Aviation Holdings Inc. In 2017, Air Canada flew 48 million passengers, as the airline celebrated its 80th anniversary.Air Canada has a fleet of Airbus A330, Boeing 767, Boeing 777, and Boeing 787 Dreamliner wide-body aircraft on long-haul routes and uses the Airbus A320 family aircraft (including the A319, A320, and A321 variants), Boeing 737 MAX 8, Airbus A220-300, and Embraer 190 family aircraft on short-haul routes. The carrier's operating divisions include Air Canada Cargo, Air Canada Express, Air Canada Jetz (private jet charters), and Air Canada Rouge (leisure airline). Its subsidiary, Air Canada Vacations, provides vacation packages to over 90 destinations. Together with its regional partners, the airline operates on average more than 1,613 scheduled flights daily.\n\n", "Q73441": "Karl Litzmann (22 January 1850 \u2013 28 May 1936) was a German World War I general and later Nazi Party member and state politician.\n\n", "Q3740130": "Moonwalk Records is a record label located in Estonia. The label was founded in 2005 and is owned by Tambet Mumma and Sven L\u00f5hmus. They are primarily engaged in creating and selling music, developing music performers, and organizing concert tours. Since 2008, the organization has been known for producing a series of concert tours, including Muusa Puudutus, Kaunimad J\u00f5ululaulud, and a joint tour with the radio station Star FM 12 Suvev\u00e4rvi. Also Moonwalk Records MCM has offices in New York and Los Angeles.", "Q281859": "Vagankovo Cemetery (Vagan'kovskoye Cemetery; \u0412\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435), established in 1771, is located in the Presnya district of Moscow. It started in the aftermath of the Moscow plague riot of 1771 outside the city proper, so as to prevent the contagion from spreading.\nHalf a million people are estimated to have been buried at Vagankovo throughout its history. As of 2010, the existing cemetery contains more than 100,000 graves. The vast necropolis contains the mass graves from the Battle of Borodino, the Battle of Moscow, and the Khodynka Tragedy. It is the burial site for a number of people from the artistic and sports community of Russia and the old Soviet Union. During the Great Purge, alcohol-soused guards would execute weeping prisoners after they had dug their graves in the cemetery.The cemetery is served by several Orthodox churches constructed between 1819 and 1823 in the Muscovite version of the Empire style.", "Q329719": "Louis Cameron Gossett Jr. (born May 27, 1936) is an American actor. He is best known for his Academy Award winning role as Gunnery Sergeant Emil Foley in the 1982 film An Officer and a Gentleman and his Emmy Award winning role as Fiddler in the 1977 ABC television miniseries Roots. Gossett has also starred in numerous other film productions including A Raisin in the Sun, The Landlord, Skin Game, Travels with My Aunt, The Laughing Policeman, The Deep, Jaws 3-D, Wolfgang Petersen's Enemy Mine, the Iron Eagle series, Toy Soldiers and The Punisher, in an acting career that spans over five decades.\n\n", "Q669860": "Mont V\u00e9lan is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. At 3,727, metres Mont V\u00e9lan is the highest summit lying between the Great St Bernard Pass and Grand Combin. Two large glaciers cover its northern flanks: Glacier de Tseudet (west) and Glacier de Valsoray (east). The Glacier de Proz, lying on the west side, was traversed during the first ascent.\nThe mountain is located south of Bourg-Saint-Pierre in the canton of Valais and north of Etroubles in the Aosta Valley. The Petit V\u00e9lan is a lower summit in the same massif lying north to the main summit.", "Q25607": "St. Gallen or traditionally St Gall, in German sometimes Sankt Gallen (Sankt Gallen ; English: St Gall; French: Saint-Gall; Italian: San Gallo; Romansh: Son Gagl) is a Swiss town and the capital of the canton of St. Gallen. It evolved from the hermitage of Saint Gall, founded in the 7th century. Today, it is a large urban agglomeration (with around 167,000 inhabitants in 2019) and represents the center of eastern Switzerland. Its economy consists mainly of the service sector. The town is home of the University of St. Gallen, one of the best business schools in Europe.The main tourist attraction is the Abbey of Saint Gall, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Abbey's renowned library contains books from the 9th century.\nThe official language of St. Gallen is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect. The town has good transport links to the rest of the country and to neighbouring Germany and Austria. It also functions as the gate to the Appenzellerland.\n\n", "Q1294923": "The Democratic Party of the Left (Italian: Partito Democratico della Sinistra, PDS) was a democratic-socialist and social-democratic political party in Italy. Founded in February 1991 as the post-communist evolution of the Italian Communist Party, the party was the largest in the Alliance of Progressives and The Olive Tree coalitions. In February 1998, the party merged with minor parties to form Democrats of the Left.", "Q104141": "Gustav Adolf Semler (14 March 1885 \u2013 24 February 1968) was a German stage and film actor of the silent era. He appeared in 41 films between 1918 and 1929.", "Q78514": "Franz Viktor Werfel (10 September 1890 \u2013 26 August 1945) was an Austrian-Bohemian novelist, playwright, and poet whose career spanned World War I, the Interwar period, and World War II. He is primarily known as the author of The Forty Days of Musa Dagh (1933, English tr. 1934, 2012), a novel based on events that took place during the Armenian Genocide of 1915, and The Song of Bernadette (1941), a novel about the life and visions of the French Catholic saint Bernadette Soubirous, which was made into a Hollywood film of the same name.", "Q77627": "Ludwig Henrich Friedlaender (July 16, 1824 \u2013 December 16, 1909) was a German philologist. He was one of the preeminent scholars of Ancient Rome of his time and is known for his research on Roman daily life and customs. He was a Professor at Albertina and served as its Rector 1865/66 and 1874/5. He was also a member of the House of Lords.\nHe was born in K\u00f6nigsberg, and studied at the universities of his hometown K\u00f6nigsberg, Leipzig, and Berlin from 1841 to 1845. In 1847 he became privat-docent of classical philology at K\u00f6nigsberg, in 1856 assistant professor, and in 1858 professor.\nHe retired in 1892 to Strasbourg, where he was honorary professor at the university, and died there.\nHe was a son of the merchant Hirsch Friedl\u00e4nder (1791\u20131871) and Emma Levia Perlbach (1801\u20131863), and was raised Jewish. He later converted to Protestantism. In 1856, he married Laura Gutzeit, daughter of an East Prussian estate owner. Their son Paul Friedl\u00e4nder was a noted chemist. Their daughter Charlotte Friedl\u00e4nder was married to the art historian Georg Dehio.", "Q61652710": "1the9 (Hangul: \uc6d0\ub354\ub098\uc778, stylized as 1THE9, pronounced as Wonder Nine) is a South Korean boy band formed through the 2018 survival competition Under Nineteen. The group is composed of 9 members: Yoo Yong-ha, Kim Tae-woo, Lee Seung-hwan, Shin Ye-chan, Kim Jun-seo, Jeon Do-yum, Jung Jin-sung, Jeong Taek-hyeon and Park Sung-won. The group's debuting members were announced on February 9, 2019 and will be promoting under MBK Entertainment for 12 months.", "Q70148": "Cureglia is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q277671": "Shalini is a former Indian actress who predominantly worked in Malayalam films.\nShe debuted at the age of three as a child artist in the Malayalam film Ente Mamattikkuttiyammakku, which was produced by Navodaya Studio. She also acted in Kannada film as child artist with legendary actor Dr. Vishnuvardhan in the film Ee Jeeva Ninagagi. This film was released in 1986. In the Telugu film Jagadeka Veerudu Atiloka Sundari (1990), she acted along with her sister Shamili.\nShe continued to appear in many films as a child actor, credited as Baby Shalini. After a break of several years, she returned to the industry by appearing in her first lead role in Aniyathi Pravu (1997), which went on to become a blockbuster. \nShe later appeared in highly successful films in Malayalam and Tamil such as Kaliyoonjal (1997), Kadhalukku Mariyadhai (1997), Amarkalam (1999), Niram (1999), Kannukkul Nilavu (2000), Alaipayuthey (2000) and Piriyadha Varam Vendum (2001).\nShalini is married to Ajith Kumar.\nShe won the Tamil Nadu State Film Special Award for Best Actress for her role in Alaipayuthey.", "Q186630": "Ernesto Sabato (June 24, 1911 \u2013 April 30, 2011) was an Argentine novelist, essayist, painter and physicist. According to the BBC he \"won some of the most prestigious prizes in Hispanic literature\" and \"became very influential in the literary world throughout Latin America\". Upon his death El Pa\u00eds dubbed him the \"last classic writer in Argentine literature\".Sabato was distinguished by his bald pate and brush moustache and wore tinted spectacles and open-necked shirts. He was born in Rojas, a small town in Buenos Aires Province. Sabato began his studies at the Colegio Nacional de La Plata. He then studied physics at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata, where he earned a PhD. He then attended the Sorbonne in Paris and worked at the Curie Institute. After World War II, he lost interest in science and started writing.\nSabato's oeuvre includes three novels: El T\u00fanel (1948), Sobre h\u00e9roes y tumbas (1961) and Abadd\u00f3n el exterminador (1974). The first of these received critical acclaim upon its publication from, among others, fellow writers Albert Camus and Thomas Mann. The second is regarded as his masterpiece, though he nearly burnt it like many of his other works. Sabato's essays cover topics as diverse as metaphysics, politics and tango. His writings led him to receive many international prizes, includingthe Miguel de Cervantes Prize (Spain), the Legion of Honour (France), and the Prix du Meilleur Livre \u00c9tranger (France).On the request of President Ra\u00fal Alfons\u00edn he presided over the CONADEP commission that investigated the fate of those who suffered forced disappearance during the Dirty War of the 1970s. The result of these findings was published in 1984 bearing the title Nunca M\u00e1s (Never Again).", "Q4332090": "Ozero (Russian: \u041e\u0301\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043e, lit. lake) (full name: \u0434\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u00ab\u041e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043e\u00bb, Dacha consumer cooperative \"Ozero\") is a dacha housing cooperative associated with Vladimir Putin's inner circle.", "Q452682": "Joshua Otis Turner (born November 20, 1977) is an American country and gospel singer and actor. In 2003, he signed to MCA Nashville Records. That same year, his debut album's title track, \"Long Black Train\", was his breakthrough single release. His second album, Your Man (2006) accounted for his first two number-one hits: \"Your Man\" and \"Would You Go with Me\", while 2007's Everything Is Fine included a No. 2 in \"Firecracker\". Haywire, released in 2010, produced his biggest hit, the four week No. 1 \"Why Don't We Just Dance\" and another number one in \"All Over Me\". It was followed by Punching Bag (2012), whose lead-off single \"Time Is Love\" was the biggest country hit of 2012 according to Billboard Year-End.", "Q3320433": "Moncef Belkhayat (born 28 January 1970, in Rabat) is a Moroccan Entrepreneur who started and developed various companies in Morocco under the holding HnS. He is a former minister but quit politics on the 26th of December 2019 to focus on his various businesses. He served as the Minister of Youth and Sports in Abbas El Fassi's government in 2009.In 1988, he earned his High school diploma. In 1992, he graduated from the High Institute of Commerce and Business Administration (ISCAE). From 1992 to 1995 he served as a sales Rep for the group Procter & Gamble in Morocco. From 1996 to 1998, he became the regional sales manager of the same company in Saudi Arabia and then development director of Africa and Middle East from 1998 to 2000. In 2000, he joined Meditelecom as Sales Director. He was appointed CEO of the company Atcom subsidiary of Finance.com since November 2007 after he was refused the CEO title in Meditelecom. He then branched out in entrepreneurship with Dislog.\nH&S Invest Holding \nMoncef Belkhayat became an entrepreneur in 2005 by founding H&S Invest Holding with an objective of being a \"Full Service Provider\" covering the entire value chain from import to media buying through distribution, marketing, merchandising and logistics of storage and transport of any consumer good. H&S Holding has actually 16 subsidiaries and 1,600 employees. The Holding achieved 2.8 billion dirhams in revenue in 2015.\nOther activities \nIn 2006, Moncef Belkhayat joined Morocco Culture, the association that organizes the Mawazine Festival, held every year in Rabat. Belkhayat held the position of festival marketing director between 2007 and 2009.\nIn late 2007, he joined the FUS Committee (Fath Union Sport), sports club in Rabat\nHe is currently President of the \u201cFoundation Mohammed VI des champions sportifs\u201d\nIn September 2016, Moncef Belkhayat was elected president of the Association of distributors of consumer products. Following an elective general assembly, professionals in the retail consumer goods sector, such as food, hygiene products, cleaning products or telecommunications have given rise to Association of distributors of consumer products, called \"TIJARA 2020\"\nPolitical functions \nIn the reorganization of 29 July 2009, he was appointed Minister of Youth and Sports in El Fassi2 government. He says he was Istiqlal (PI), but when it was offered him to be a minister, he agreed to be the name of the National Rally of Independents (RNI) 8. He held the position until the end of 2011.\nMoncef Belkhayat is elected member of the National Coalition Political Bureau of Independent (RNI), and chairs the alliance of independent, club economists of the National Rally of Independents (RNI). He is often asked by students of colleges to give lectures both in Morocco and abroad. Rassemblement national des ind\u00e9pendants \nCommunal Elections and Regional 2015 \nMoncef Belkhayat appeared list head to municipal and regional elections in 2015 at the urban district Sidi Belyout and the Anfa district in Casablanca for the Casablanca-Settat region Casablanca-Settat . After this election, Moncef Belkhayat was elected to the urban commune of Sidi Belyout and obtained 3 seats behind the candidate of the justice and development Party (Morocco) and the Socialist Union of Popular Forces.\nHe was also elected to the Regional Council of Casablanca-Settat then Vice-President of the region under the chairmanship of Mustapha Bakkoury. Parti de la justice et du d\u00e9veloppement (Maroc) et l'Union socialiste des forces populaires. Conseil R\u00e9gional de Casablanca-Settat", "Q284921": "School for Love (Futures Vedettes) is a French drama film from 1955, directed by Marc All\u00e9gret, written by Marc All\u00e9gret, starring Brigitte Bardot and Jean Marais. The scenario was based on a novel of Vicki Baum.The film was known under the title \"Joy of Living\" or \"School for Love\" (USA), \"Sweet Sixteen\" (UK), \"Reif auf jungen Bl\u00fcten\" (West Germany).", "Q69419": "Guttannen is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q38130": "The League of Nations, abbreviated as LN or LoN, (French: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Nations [s\u0254sjete de n\u0251sj\u0254\u0303], abbreviated as \"SDN\" or \"SdN\" and meaning \"Society of Nations\") was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 following the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War; in 1919 U.S. president Woodrow Wilson won the Nobel Peace Prize for his role as the leading architect of the League.\nThe organisation's primary goals, as stated in its Covenant, included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration. Other issues in this and related treaties included labour conditions, just treatment of native inhabitants, \nhuman and drug trafficking, the arms trade, global health, prisoners of war, and protection of minorities in Europe. The Covenant of the League of Nations was signed on 28 June 1919 as Part I of the Treaty of Versailles, and it became effective together with the rest of the Treaty on 10 January 1920. The first meeting of the Council of the League took place on 16 January 1920, and the first meeting of Assembly of the League took place on 15 November 1920.\nThe diplomatic philosophy behind the League represented a fundamental shift from the preceding hundred years. The League lacked its own armed force and depended on the victorious First World War Allies (France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Japan were the permanent members of the Executive Council) to enforce its resolutions, keep to its economic sanctions, or provide an army when needed. The Great Powers were often reluctant to do so. Sanctions could hurt League members, so they were reluctant to comply with them. During the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, when the League accused Italian soldiers of targeting Red Cross medical tents, Benito Mussolini responded that \"the League is very well when sparrows shout, but no good at all when eagles fall out.\"At its greatest extent from 28 September 1934 to 23 February 1935, it had 58 members. After some notable successes and some early failures in the 1920s, the League ultimately proved incapable of preventing aggression by the Axis powers in the 1930s. The credibility of the organization was weakened by the fact that the United States never joined the League and the Soviet Union joined late and was soon expelled after invading Finland. Germany withdrew from the League, as did Japan, Italy, Spain and others. The onset of the Second World War showed that the League had failed its primary purpose, which was to prevent any future world war. The League lasted for 26 years; the United Nations (UN) replaced it after the end of the Second World War and inherited several agencies and organisations founded by the League.\n\n", "Q51186": "Giovanni Comisso (Treviso, 3 October 1895 - 21 January 1969) was an important Italian writer of the twentieth century, appreciated by Eugenio Montale, Umberto Saba, Gianfranco Contini and many others.\nIn Treviso, during his adolescence, he met and got to know the sculptor Arturo Martini who introduced him to the writings of Arthur Rimbaud and Friedrich Nietzsche. In 1915 he enlisted in the telegraph Corps of Engineers and participated in the Great War. Together with Gabriele d\u2019Annunzio, he took part in the Fiume enterprise (1919-1920), an experience that would be fundamental to his development as a writer. The following years were years of travel, both along the Adriatic aboard a sailing ship with the sailors of Chioggia, and in Europe and North Africa on behalf of a number of important newspapers. He lived for long periods in Paris, between 1927 and 1928, with his friend the painter Filippo De Pisis. The following year, in 1929, as a special correspondent for the \"Corriere della Sera\", he completed the Grand Tour in the Far East visiting China, Japan and Russia from Siberia to Moscow. After much wandering he wanted to take root in the Veneto countryside and with the proceeds of the articles, on his return, he bought a house and fields in Zero Branco, a town in the Treviso area, while continuing to travel along Italy as a special correspondent for several newspapers. Here he experienced intense periods of writing and friendship and later learned of the bombing of Treviso, where the family home was destroyed. He closed the house in Zero Branco to return to live in Treviso only in 1954 after his mother's death. In his later years he continued to write and publish short stories and novels, in which there are detailed descriptions of despair, disappointments, anxieties and dislikes together with many ironic and bitter descriptions of man\u2019s failings. \"Our life today is reduced to these extremes from which serenity, beauty and harmony are excluded.\u201d He died in hospital on January 21, 1969", "Q237255": "Pernilla August (Swedish pronunciation: [p\u00e6\u02c8\u0273\u026a\u0302l\u02d0a \u02c8\u01ce\u028a\u0261\u0275st] (listen); born Mia Pernilla Hertzman-Ericson; 13 February 1958) is a Swedish actress, director and screenwriter. Being one of Sweden's leading actresses and a longtime collaborator with director Ingmar Bergman, she won the Best Actress Award at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival for her role in his The Best Intentions. She is best known for portraying Shmi Skywalker in Star Wars: Episode I \u2013 The Phantom Menace and Star Wars: Episode II \u2013 Attack of the Clones.", "Q41395": "Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero (Spanish: [xose\u02c8lwis ro\u02c8\u00f0\u027ei\u0263e\u03b8 \u03b8apa\u02c8te\u027eo] (listen); born 4 August 1960) is a Spanish politician and member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). He was the Prime Minister of Spain being elected for two terms, in the 2004 and 2008 general elections. On 2 April 2011 he announced he would not stand for re-election in the 2011 general election and left office on 21 December 2011.\nAmong the main actions taken by the Zapatero administration were the withdrawal of Spanish troops from the Iraq war, the increase of Spanish troops in Afghanistan; the idea of an Alliance of Civilizations; the legalisation of same-sex marriage in Spain; reform of abortion law; a peace negotiation attempt with ETA; increase of tobacco restrictions; and the reform of various autonomous statutes, particularly the Statute of Catalonia.\n\n", "Q76539": "Hans Fallada (born Rudolf Wilhelm Friedrich Ditzen; 21 July 1893 \u2013 5 February 1947) was a German writer of the first half of the 20th century. Some of his better known novels include Little Man, What Now? (1932) and Every Man Dies Alone (1947). His works belong predominantly to the New Objectivity literary style, a style associated with an emotionless reportage approach, with precision of detail, and a veneration for 'the fact'. Fallada's pseudonym derives from a combination of characters found in the Grimm's Fairy Tales: The titular protagonist of Hans in Luck (KHM 83), and Falada the magical talking horse in The Goose Girl.\n\n", "Q570437": "Paddy Keenan (born 30 January 1950) is an Irish player of the uilleann pipes who first gained fame as a founding member of The Bothy Band. Since that group's dissolution in the late 1970s, Keenan has released a number of solo and collaborative recordings, and continues to tour both as a soloist, and with singer/guitarist Tommy O'Sullivan.", "Q5382": "Wace (c. 1110 \u2013 after 1174), sometimes referred to as Robert Wace, was a Norman poet, who was born in Jersey and brought up in mainland Normandy (he tells us in the Roman de Rou that he was taken as a child to Caen), ending his career as Canon of Bayeux.", "Q697200": "Franz West (16 February 1947 \u2013 25 July 2012) was an Austrian artist.\nHe is best known for his unconventional objects and sculptures, installations and furniture work which often require an involvement of the audience.", "Q279890": "Germantown (Pennsylvania German: Deitscheschteddel) is an area in Northwest Philadelphia. Founded by German Quaker and Mennonite families in 1683 as an independent borough, it was absorbed into Philadelphia in 1854. The area, which is about six miles northwest from the city center, now consists of two neighborhoods: 'Germantown' and 'East Germantown'.\nGermantown has played a significant role in American history; it was the birthplace of the American antislavery movement, the site of a Revolutionary War battle, the temporary residence of George Washington, the location of the first bank of the United States, and the residence of many notable politicians, scholars, artists, and social activists.\nToday the area remains rich in historic sites and buildings from the colonial era, some of which are open to the public.", "Q277665": "Prabhu (born 27 December 1956) is an Indian film actor, businessman and film producer who has predominantly appeared in Tamil language films. He is the son of veteran actor Sivaji Ganesan, while his son Vikram Prabhu is also a Tamil actor.\nAfter making his debut in Sangili (1982), the actor has played a series of leading and supporting roles, earning the Best Actor award recognition by the Tamil Nadu state for his portrayal in Chinna Thambi (1992). He has worked in more than 200 films as lead roles, supporting roles in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada languages.", "Q189517": "Zeng Peiyan (Chinese: \u66fe\u57f9\u708e; pinyin: Z\u0113ng P\u00e9iy\u00e1n; born December 1938) is a Chinese politician. He was a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China from 2002 to 2007 and was a Vice-premier from 2003 to 2008.\n\n", "Q37217": "Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u044e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0432, Pre-Reform orthography: \u0472\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u044a \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u044a \u0422\u044e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044a; December 5 [O.S. November 23] 1803 \u2013 July 27 [O.S. July 15] 1873) was a Russian poet and diplomat.\n\n", "Q71242": "Erich Hartmann (July 29, 1922 in Munich \u2013 February 4, 1999 in New York City) was an American photographer.", "Q279648": "Boris Dimitrievich Pankin (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d; born 20 February 1931, in Frunze) was Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR for a brief period in 1991.\n\n", "Q707607": "Juvenal de Holanda Vasconcelos, known as Nan\u00e1 Vasconcelos (2 August 1944 \u2013 9 March 2016), was a Brazilian percussionist, vocalist and berimbau player, notable for his work as a solo artist on over two dozen albums, and as a backing musician with Pat Metheny, Don Cherry, Bj\u00f6rk, Jan Garbarek, Egberto Gismonti, Gato Barbieri, and Milton Nascimento.", "Q560630": "Omer Nishani (5 February 1887 \u2013 26 May 1954) was an Albanian doctor and political figure involved first in the struggle against Ahmet Zogu (known after 1928 as King Zog) in the 1920s and 1930s, and then in the struggle against the fascist occupation of Albania during the 1942\u201344 period, becoming Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of the People's Republic of Albania (thereby becoming the country's head of state) in 1946 and serving in this position until 1953.\n\n", "Q507873": "Andrew Talcott (1797\u20131883) was an American civil engineer and close friend of Civil War General Robert E. Lee. He did not serve during the Civil War, as he could not fight against the Union, nor fight against his brothers in the South. He traveled to Veracruz to work on the Railroad. Coming back with the President to New York for supplies he was arrested and placed at Fort Layfayette accused of being a spy for the Confederate States of America. He was moved to Fort Adams in Boston under orders of General John E Wool. General John A Dix was placed in the command of the Eastern Military Department. Knowing Captain Andrew well and believing his loyalty to the Union he was released.", "Q61051": "Winfried Kretschmann (born 17 May 1948) is a German politician serving as Minister-President of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg since 2011. A member of the Alliance '90/Greens, he was President of the Bundesrat and ex officio deputy to the President of Germany from 2012 to 2013. He is the first member of the Greens to serve in these offices. Identifying himself as a green conservative, Kretschmann has been associated with both culturally and economically liberal policies.\nKretschmann has been a member of the state parliament, the Landtag of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, since 1980, in the constituency of N\u00fcrtingen. In 2006 he was the frontrunner in the Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg state election for his party, as he was in the state election on 27 March 2011. He was also the chairman of his party's parliamentary group.Following the state election of 2011, Kretschmann was elected on 12 May 2011 by the combined Green-SPD majority in the Landtag to succeed Stefan Mappus as Minister-President of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, becoming the first ever Green Minister-President of any German state. Kretschmann has wide personal popularity; if it were possible to elect the Minister-President directly during the Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg election of March 2016, Kretschmann would have won an outright majority according to polls; he was even favored by 45% of CDU supporters. Kretschmann was re-elected in May 2016 as Minister-President while leading a new coalition with the Christian Democrats.On 12 October 2012 he was elected President of the German Bundesrat for the term from 1 November 2012 to 31 October 2013. This was the first time since 1953, and only the second time ever, that the President was not drawn from the ranks of either the CDU/CSU or the SPD.", "Q217191": "Soft rock (or light rock) is a derivative form of pop rock that originated in the late 1960s in the U.S. region of Southern California and in the United Kingdom. The style smoothed over the edges of singer-songwriter and pop rock, relying on simple, melodic songs with big, lush productions. Soft rock was prevalent on the radio throughout the 1970s and eventually metamorphosed into the synthesized music of adult contemporary in the 1980s.", "Q2745375": "Duane Dudley Chase (born December 12, 1950) is an American software engineer and former actor best remembered as Kurt von Trapp in The Sound of Music (1965). He also had a small role in the family film Follow Me, Boys! (1966) and played Danny Matthews in The Big Valley for one episode.\nIn the summer of 1969, Chase joined the United States Forest Service in Santa Barbara, California, after graduating from Rolling Hills High School of Rolling Hills, California. Chase then enrolled at the University of California, Santa Barbara and graduated in 1976 with a B.S. in geology. After working at a Chevron refinery in Denver for a year, he then enrolled at the University of Alabama and earned a master's degree in geology.He lives in Oregon and is returning to wildlife and forestry work. He is married to Petra Maria, who was born in Hamburg, Germany, and is a registered nurse.", "Q5396": "Louis Charles Joseph Bl\u00e9riot ( BLERR-ee-oh, also US: BLAY-ree-oh, -\u2060OH, blair-YOH, French: [lwi ble\u0281jo]; 1 July 1872 \u2013 1 August 1936) was a French aviator, inventor, and engineer. He developed the first practical headlamp for cars and established a profitable business manufacturing them, using much of the money he made to finance his attempts to build a successful aircraft. Bl\u00e9riot was the first to use the combination of hand-operated joystick and foot-operated rudder control as used to the present day to operate the aircraft control surfaces. Bl\u00e9riot was also the first to make a working, powered, piloted monoplane. In 1909 he became world-famous for making the first airplane flight across the English Channel, winning the prize of \u00a31,000 offered by the Daily Mail newspaper. He was the founder of Bl\u00e9riot A\u00e9ronautique, a successful aircraft manufacturing company.", "Q109471": "Ida Boy-Ed (17 April 1852 \u2013 13 May 1928) was a German writer. A supporter of women's issues, she wrote widely-read books and newspaper articles.\n\n", "Q126492": "Malibu's Most Wanted is a 2003 American comedy film written by and starring Jamie Kennedy and co-starring Taye Diggs, Anthony Anderson, Blair Underwood, Regina Hall, Damien Dante Wayans, Ryan O'Neal, and Snoop Dogg. The film is written by the creators of MADtv, Fax Bahr and Adam Small, who also serve as producers. The character of \"B-Rad\" (a spoof of Eminem's character \"B-Rabbit\" in the film 8 Mile) originally appeared in Jamie Kennedy's hidden-camera show The Jamie Kennedy Experiment, but started in his stand-up routine when he was starting out.", "Q158158": "The TU Dresden (abbreviated as TUD or Technical University of Dresden) is a public research university, the largest institute of higher education in the city of Dresden, the largest university in Saxony and one of the 10 largest universities in Germany with 32,389 students as of 2018.The name Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden has only been used since 1961; the history of the university, however, goes back nearly 200 years to 1828. This makes it one of the oldest colleges of technology in Germany, and one of the country\u2019s oldest universities, which in German today refers to institutes of higher education that cover the entire curriculum. The university is a member of TU9, a consortium of the nine leading German Institutes of Technology. The university is one of eleven German universities which succeeded in the Excellence Initiative in 2012, thus getting the title of a \"University of Excellence\". The TU Dresden succeeded in all three rounds of the German Universities Excellence Initiative (Future Concept, Graduate Schools, Clusters of Excellence).", "Q194220": "Nasir bin Olu Dara Jones (; born September 14, 1973), known professionally as Nas (), is an American rapper, songwriter, entrepreneur, and investor. The son of jazz musician Olu Dara, Nas has released eight consecutive platinum and multi-platinum albums and has sold over 30 million records worldwide.\nHis musical career began in 1991, as a featured artist on Main Source's \"Live at the Barbeque\". His debut album Illmatic (1994) received universal acclaim from both critics and the hip hop community and is frequently ranked as one of the greatest hip hop albums of all time. Nas's follow-up It Was Written debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200, stayed on top for four consecutive weeks, went Double Platinum in two months, and made Nas internationally known. From 2001 to 2005, Nas was involved in a highly publicized feud with Jay-Z, popularized by the diss track \"Ether\". Nas signed to Def Jam in 2006. In 2010, he released Distant Relatives, a collaboration album with Damian Marley, donating all royalties to charities active in Africa. His 11th studio album, Life Is Good (2012) was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards.\nIn 2006, MTV ranked Nas at #5 on their list of \"The Greatest MCs of All Time\". In 2012, The Source ranked him #2 on their list of the \"Top 50 Lyricists of All Time\". In 2013, Nas was ranked 4th on MTV's \"Hottest MCs in the Game\" list. About.com ranked him first on their list of the \"50 Greatest MCs of All Time\" in 2014, and a year later, Nas was featured on \"The 10 Best Rappers of All Time\" list by Billboard. He is also an entrepreneur through his own record label; he serves as associate publisher of Mass Appeal magazine and the co-founder of Mass Appeal Records.", "Q695417": "Bremerton is a city in Kitsap County, Washington, United States. The population was 37,729 at the 2010 census and an estimated 41,235 in 2018, making it the largest city on the Kitsap Peninsula. Bremerton is home to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and the Bremerton Annex of Naval Base Kitsap. Bremerton is connected to downtown Seattle by two ferries: a 60-minute ferry that carries both vehicles and walk-on passengers, and a 28-minute Fast Ferry that carries passengers and a limited number of bicycles.", "Q62558": "Cyd Charisse (born Tula Ellice Finklea; March 8, 1922 \u2013 June 17, 2008) was an American dancer and actress.\nAfter recovering from polio as a child and studying ballet, Charisse entered films in the 1940s. Her roles usually featured her abilities as a dancer, and she was paired with Fred Astaire and Gene Kelly; her films include Singin' in the Rain (1952), The Band Wagon (1953), Brigadoon with Gene Kelly and Van Johnson (1954) and Silk Stockings (1957). She stopped dancing in films in the late 1950s, but continued acting in film and television, and in 1992 made her Broadway debut. In her later years, she discussed the history of the Hollywood musical in documentaries, and was featured in That's Entertainment! III in 1994. She was awarded the National Medal of the Arts and Humanities in 2006.", "Q385381": "Ray Tabano (a.k.a. Crazy Raymond) (born December 23, 1946 in The Bronx, New York, US) is a musician who was a founding member of Aerosmith in 1970.\nTabano was replaced by Brad Whitford in 1971, at which time he concentrated on maintaining the band's office, hangout, and recording studio, \"The Wherehouse\". Tabano started the band's fan club and line of merchandise, designing and selling merchandise himself and writing the band's fan club newsletters. He was fired in 1979, by Aerosmith's managers Steve Leber and David Krebs.", "Q161901": "Sheldon Kopp (29 March 1929 \u2013 29 March 1999) was a psychotherapist and author, based in Washington, D.C.. He was born in New York City, and received his PhD from the New School for Social Research. In addition to his private practice, he served as a Psychotherapy Supervisor for the Pastoral Counselling and Consultation Centres in Washington. He died of cardiac arrhythmia and pneumonia.\nHe is also popular for his quotes.\nOne of them is, \"All of the significant battles are waged within the self.\"", "Q1396852": "Vasily Ivanovich Lebedev-Kumach (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u0301\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432-\u041a\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0447) Moscow, 5 August [O.S. 24 July] 1898 \u2014 20 February 1949) was a Soviet poet and lyricist.\nVasily was the son of shoe maker. He went on to work in the print department of the Revolutionary Military Council, moving on to ROSTO. He attended Moscow State University. He adopted the nickname Kumach, a name for a variety of red cloth used to symbolize revolution. In time the nickname was added to his surname.His satirical verses published in such papers as Rabochaia gazeta, Krest\u2019ianskaia gazeta, Gudok, and Krokodil led to his growing popularity. He also wrote songs for the film Late for a Date (1936).\nHe wrote numerous songs, the most famous being probably \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 (Svyaschennaya Voyna, 'The Sacred War'), \u041f\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f \u043e \u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 (A Song About the Motherland), \u0413\u0438\u043c\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 (Hymn of the Bolshevik Party) and \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0432\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043a \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0445 (Such a lot of nice girls!), later immortalized as the Argentine Tango song Serdtse (\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435-Heart) by Pyotr Leshchenko. He worked closely with the composer Isaak Dunayevsky.\nHe was also one of the first persons to use the term blat (\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0442) in print, when Krokodil published the poem Blat-not.", "Q713672": "Brad Dexter (born Boris Michel Soso; April 9, 1917 \u2013 December 12, 2002) was an American actor and film producer. He is known for tough-guy and western roles, including the 1960 film The Magnificent Seven (1960), and producing several films for Sidney J. Furie such as Lady Sings the Blues. He is also known for a short marriage to Peggy Lee, a friendship with Marilyn Monroe and for saving Frank Sinatra from drowning. Dexter's tough-guy roles contrasted with his easygoing and friendly real-life personality.", "Q438329": "Henry Bowen Anthony (April 1, 1815 \u2013 September 2, 1884) was a United States newspaperman and political figure. He served as editor and was later part owner of the Providence Journal. He was the 21st Governor of Rhode Island, serving between 1849 and 1851 as a member of the Whig Party. Near the end of the 1850s, he was elected to the Senate by the Rhode Island Legislature and was re-elected 4 times. He would be twice elected to the Senate's highest post as President pro tempore during the Grant Administration, and served until his death in 1884.\n\n", "Q64129": "Yusuf al-Qaradawi (Arabic: \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a\u200e, romanized: Y\u016bsuf al-Qara\u1e0d\u0101w\u012b; or Yusuf al-Qardawi; born 9 September 1926) is an Egyptian Islamic theologian based in Doha, Qatar, and chairman of the International Union of Muslim Scholars. His influences include Hassan al-Banna, Abul A'la Maududi and Naeem Siddiqui. He is best known for his programme \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629, al-Shar\u012b\u02bfa wa al-\u1e24ay\u0101h (\"Sharia and Life\"), broadcast on Al Jazeera, which has an estimated audience of 40-60 million worldwide.\nHe is also known for IslamOnline, a website he helped to found in 1997 and for which he serves as chief religious scholar.\nAl-Qaradawi has published more than 120 books, including The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam and Islam: The Future Civilization. He has also received eight international prizes for his contributions to Islamic scholarship, and is considered one of the most influential such scholars living today. Al-Qaradawi has long had a prominent role within the intellectual leadership of the Muslim Brotherhood, an Egyptian political organization, although he has repeatedly stated that he is no longer a member and twice (in 1976 and 2004) turned down offers for the official role in the organization.Some of al-Qaradawi's views, such as his condoning of Palestinian suicide bombings against Israelis, have caused reactions from governments in the West: he was refused an entry visa to the United Kingdom in 2008, and barred from entering France in 2012.\n\n", "Q301081": "James Lionel Broome Salmon (born 16 October 1959) is an English rugby union centre who uniquely appeared in international matches for both New Zealand and England.\n\n", "Q370678": "Kill Django... Kill First is a 1971 Spaghetti Western directed by Sergio Garrone.The original Italian title of the film was Uccidi Django... uccidi per primo!!!", "Q368037": "Wesley Cook Bentley (born September 4, 1978) is an American actor known for blockbusters and independent films.\nBentley is best known for his roles as Ricky Fitts in American Beauty (1999), which earned him a nomination for a BAFTA Award for Supporting Actor, Seneca Crane in The Hunger Games (2012), Doyle in Interstellar (2014) and Erik in Mission: Impossible - Fallout. He was one of four subjects in the documentary My Big Break (2009), which covered his fame after American Beauty and struggles with substance abuse. Rebuilding his career, he starred in the premiere of Venus in Fur by David Ives in the off-Broadway production in 2010. His other film roles include The Four Feathers (2002), Ghost Rider (2007), P2 (2007), and Pete's Dragon (2016).\nHe began appearing in the FX anthology series American Horror Story in 2014, playing Edward Mordrake in Freak Show. In 2015, he starred as Detective John Lowe in Hotel, for which he received a Critics' Choice Television Award nomination. The following year, he played Dylan (the actor who plays Ambrose White in My Roanoke Nightmare) in the series' sixth cycle, subtitled Roanoke. In 2018, Bentley began starring in the Paramount Network original television series Yellowstone.", "Q273403": "Jenna-Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), credited since 2013 as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress. She is known for her roles as Jasmine Thomas in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale, Clara Oswald in the BBC series Doctor Who, Queen Victoria in the ITV drama Victoria and Joanna Lindsay in the BBC series The Cry.\nColeman was born in Blackpool, Lancashire, England, and began her acting career at an early age as a member of a theatre company called In Yer Space. While auditioning for drama schools in 2005, she was chosen to play Jasmine Thomas in Emmerdale. She received critical acclaim for her performance and was nominated for the Most Popular Newcomer award at the 2006 National Television Awards.Coleman went on to play \"hard girl\" Lindsay James in the BBC school-based drama series Waterloo Road (2009), Susan Brown in a BBC Four television adaptation of the John Braine novel Room at the Top (2012), Annie Desmond in Julian Fellowes' four part mini-series Titanic (2012) and Rosie in Stephen Poliakoff's original drama series Dancing on the Edge (2013). In 2018, she portrayed the role of Joanna Lindsey in the BBC miniseries The Cry, for which she was nominated for Best Actress at the International Emmy Awards.", "Q204853": "Tokyo International Airport (\u6771\u4eac\u56fd\u969b\u7a7a\u6e2f, T\u014dky\u014d Kokusai K\u016bk\u014d), commonly known as Haneda Airport (\u7fbd\u7530\u7a7a\u6e2f, Haneda K\u016bk\u014d), Tokyo Haneda Airport, and Haneda International Airport (IATA: HND, ICAO: RJTT), is one of the two primary airports that serve the Greater Tokyo Area, and is the primary base of Japan's two major domestic airlines, Japan Airlines (Terminal 1) and All Nippon Airways (Terminal 2), as well as Air Do, Skymark Airlines, Solaseed Air, and StarFlyer. It is located in \u014cta, Tokyo, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of Tokyo Station.\nHaneda was the primary international airport serving Tokyo until 1978; from 1978 to 2010, Haneda handled almost all domestic flights to and from Tokyo as well as \"scheduled charter\" flights to a small number of major cities in East Asia, while Narita International Airport handled the vast majority of international flights. In 2010, a dedicated International Terminal, current Terminal 3, was opened at Haneda in conjunction with the completion of a fourth runway, allowing long-haul flights during night-time hours. Haneda opened up to long-haul service during the daytime in March 2014, with carriers offering nonstop service to 25 cities in 17 countries. The Japanese government is currently encouraging the use of Haneda for premium business routes and the use of Narita for leisure routes and by low-cost carriers.Haneda handled 87,098,683 passengers in 2018; by passenger throughput, it was the third-busiest airport in Asia and the fourth-busiest in the world, after Hartsfield\u2013Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Beijing Capital International Airport (Asia's busiest), and Dubai International Airport. It is able to handle 90 million passengers per year following its expansion in 2010. With Haneda and Narita combined Tokyo has the third-busiest city airport system in the world, after London and New York City.", "Q392825": "Jobs is a 2013 American biographical drama film based on the life of Steve Jobs, from 1974 while a student at Reed College to the introduction of the iPod in 2001. It is directed by Joshua Michael Stern, written by Matt Whiteley, and produced by Stern and Mark Hulme. Steve Jobs is portrayed by Ashton Kutcher, with Josh Gad as Apple Computer's co-founder Steve Wozniak. Jobs was chosen to close the 2013 Sundance Film Festival.", "Q86812": "Ernst Fraenkel (26 December 1898 \u2013 28 March 1975) was a German political scientist. He was one of the founding fathers of German political science after World War II.During the Weimar Republic Fraenkel was a member of the social democrats and one of the few jurists who held socialist opinions. According to some historians in the 1930s he was designated to be Attorney General of a possible social-democratic German government. In 1939 he immigrated to the United States where he began to develop his respect for the politics of that country, especially its pluralism and its checks and balances.", "Q660688": "Sarine District (German: Saanebezirk, French: District de la Sarine) is one of the seven districts of the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It is largely French-speaking, with a German-speaking minority. Its territory is drained by the Sarine river (which gives it its name), and by its tributary, the Gl\u00e2ne. It has a population of 106,136 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q326358": "A joiner is an artisan and tradesperson who builds things by joining pieces of wood, particularly lighter and more ornamental work than that done by a carpenter, including furniture and the \"fittings\" of a house, ship, etc. Joiners may work in a workshop, because the formation of various joints is made easier by the use of non-portable, powered machinery, or on job site. A joiner usually produces items such as interior and exterior doors, windows, stairs, tables, bookshelves, cabinets, furniture, etc. In shipbuilding a marine joiner may work with materials other than wood such as linoleum, fiberglass, hardware, and gaskets.The terms joinery and joiner are used in the UK, and the main trade union for American carpenters still calls itself the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.\nIn the UK, an apprentice of wood occupations could choose to study bench joinery or site carpentry and joinery. Bench joinery is the preparation, setting out, and manufacture of joinery components while site carpentry and joinery focus on the installation of the joinery components, and on the setting out and fabrication of timber elements used in construction.", "Q2895767": "The Federal Military Memorial Cemetery (Russian: \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435) is a national cemetery of Russia, located in Mytishchinsky District, Moscow Oblast, on the north-eastern outskirts of Moscow.\nThe cemetery was built as the new burial place for national dignitaries to replace the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, where burials ceased after 1985, and was opened with its inaugural burial on 21 June 2013.", "Q379884": "Etyen Mah\u00e7upyan (born 9 March 1950) is a Turkish journalist, writer and columnist of Armenian descent. His most critical appointment was to serve as the senior adviser to Prime Minister Ahmet Davuto\u011flu in 2014-2015. He is one of the executive members of the founders' committee of the Future Party (Turkey), in which he serves as the vice-chairman as of December 2019.\n\n", "Q73333": "Arthur Thomas Ippen (July 28, 1907 \u2013 April 5, 1974) was a noted hydrologist and engineer and was an Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Born to German parents, he attended high school and college in Aachen, Germany graduating with a degree in Civil Engineering in 1931. He then took an Institute of International Education scholarship to study at the University of Iowa but after his doctoral advisor, Floyd Nagler, died suddenly, Ippen transferred to Caltech to complete his Ph.D. His doctoral work, supervised by Theodore von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n and Robert T. Knapp, explored sediment transport and open-channel high-velocity flows and represented the first American development of sonic wave analogy to free-surface flow.\nIppen's took his first faculty appointment at Lehigh University in 1938 and remained there until he accepted a position at MIT in 1945. While at MIT, he took over the existing Hydrodynamics Laboratory and built up a research program of staff graduate students examining the sonic analogy, transient flows, instrumentation, turbulence, cavitation, shoaling waves, stratified flow, and sediment transport. The laboratory eventually expanded and became the Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Water Resources and Hydrodynamics.\nIppen served as the President of the International Association for Hydraulic Research, was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in April 1967 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and also received honorary doctorates from the University of Toulouse, University of Karlsruhe, and the University of Manchester.\nHe married Elizabeth Wagenplatz while at Caltech and had two children, Erich Peter and Karen Ann. Erich P. Ippen is a professor of electrical engineering and physics at MIT and a fellow member of the National Academy of Engineering. Elizabeth died in 1953 and Ippen married Ruth Calvert in 1955.\n\n", "Q704468": "The University of Passau (Universit\u00e4t Passau in German) is a public research university located in Passau, Lower Bavaria, Germany. Founded in 1973, it is the youngest university in Bavaria and consequently has the most modern campus in the state. Nevertheless, its roots as the Institute for Catholic Studies date back some hundreds of years.\nToday it is home to four faculties and 39 different undergraduate and postgraduate degree programmes.", "Q646129": "New Forum (German: Neues Forum) was a political movement in East Germany formed in the months leading up to the collapse of the East German state. It was founded on 9 September 1989 and was the first independent (non-National Front) political movement to be recognised by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany-led state on 8 November 1989. In February 1990 it formed Alliance 90 (B\u00fcndnis 90) with Democracy Now (Demokratie Jetzt) (DJ) and the Initiative for Peace and Human Rights (Initiative f\u00fcr Frieden und Menschenrechte) (IFM).\nThe New Forum was the first countrywide political movement in the GDR outside the Protestant church. Members of the Peace Movement, including B\u00e4rbel Bohley, Ingrid K\u00f6ppe, Rolf Henrich, Jens Reich and Reinhard Meinel signed the \"Aufbruch 89\" [Initiative 89] founding proclamation on 9/10 September 1989 in Gr\u00fcnheide, which had been the last home of the dissident Robert Havemann. New Forum demanded a dialogue about democratic reforms, with the aim, together with the largest possible participation from the population, of 'reshaping' society.\n19 September 1989 \u2013 Members apply for registration\n21 September 1989 \u2013 Registration denied by the Interior Ministry: the New Forum is 'anti-state' and 'illegal'. Demonstrations follow. The increased pressure forces the authorities to allow New Forum to exist, and finally recognise it as a political organisation. \nBy the end of 1989, 200,000 people have signed the proclamation, and there are approx. 10,000 full members. New Forum demands free and democratic elections. Local New Forum groups are active mostly in the cities. Discussions about the development of grass-roots democracy led by the end of 1989 to a dispute over whether New Forum should become a party or remain a movement. \n27\u201328 January 1990 \u2013 About one quarter of the members (mostly form the southern regions of the GDR) split from New Forum and form the German Forum Party (DFP). New Forum retains its grass-roots democratic structure.\nFebruary 1990 \u2013 New Forum joins with other opposition groups (Initiative Frieden und Menschenrechte (The Initiative for Peace and Human Rights] and Demokratie Jetzt [Democracy Now]) to form the political party B\u00fcndnis 90.\nMay 1993 \u2013 B\u00fcndnis 90 and the West German Green party join to form B\u00fcndnis 90/Die Gr\u00fcnen.", "Q3847508": "Major-General Sir Ernest Dunlop Swinton, (21 October 1868 \u2013 15 January 1951) was a British Army officer who played a part in the development and adoption of the tank during the First World War. He was also a war correspondent and author of several short stories on military themes. He is credited, along with fellow officer Lieutenant-Colonel Walter Dally Jones, with having initiated the use of the word \"tank\" as a code-name for the first tracked, armoured fighting vehicles.\n\n", "Q111558": "Christopher John Cocksworth (born 12 January 1959) is a Church of England bishop in the open evangelical tradition. He is the current (9th) Bishop of Coventry; prior to becoming bishop he was the Principal of Ridley Hall, Cambridge.\n\n", "Q984659": "Orlando Sanchez Mercado (born Orlando Mercado y Sanchez; April 26, 1946), better known as Orly Mercado, is a Filipino politician and radio broadcaster. He was a senator of the Philippines for two terms (1987\u20131992 and 1992\u20131998) and the head and anchor of the popular radio program Radyo Patrol of ABS-CBN from 1969 to 1971 as well as the field reporter for pre-Martial Law days in The World Tonight. Upon Marcos' Proclamation No. 1081 in 1972, Orly was charged for subversion under Republic Act 1700 (Anti-Subversion Law) and was detained in Fort Bonifacio then his release after nine and a half months in detention, he returned to broadcasting and started teaching. Since 1975 Mercado has been the current producer and host of GMA Network's Kapwa Ko Mahal Ko (I Love My Fellowmen), the pioneer television program in public service in the Philippines. In 1998, he was appointed Secretary of National Defense by President Joseph Estrada. On January 19, 2001, the Chief of Staff and all of the commanding generals of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, together with the rest of the military establishment, withdrew their support for President Estrada who was then facing impeachment for plunder and corruption. Their appearance before a throng of protesters at the EDSA Shrine was the culmination of what was to be known as EDSA People Power II (Second EDSA Revolution), which ousted President Estrada from office. Mercado was reappointed Secretary of Defense by incoming President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo but resigned the post in protest of the designation of a former Chief of Staff as National Security Adviser who was also the subject of Mercado's anti-corruption campaign in the Department of National Defense.\nIn 2008 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo nominated Mercado as Philippine ambassador to the China (People's Republic of China), also accredited to North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) and Mongolia, however his nomination was objected to by Senator Jinggoy Estrada (son of President Estrada), then a member of the Commission on Appointments. In 2009 he was appointed as the first permanent representative of the Philippines to ASEAN, a newly created ambassadorial post that then did not require Commission on Appointments approval.He is currently the Secretary-General of the Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration (EROPA), an organization of states, groups and individuals in the general area of Asia and the Pacific. He has taught courses in Public Administration and Communication in the University of the Philippines where he obtained all his degrees: Bachelor of Arts in Political Science, Master of Arts in Communication, and Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science. He is also a faculty member at the Ateneo de Manila University School of Government. On June 17, 2013, he returned to radio broadcasting with his program \"Orly Mercado: All Ready\" on Radyo Singko 92.3 NewsFM.\nHis wife, Dr. Susan Pineda-Mercado, former Kapwa Ko Mahal Ko medical director and highest-ranking Filipina in the World Health Organization (WHO), was named Special Envoy for Global Health Initiatives by the government of the Philippines in 2018. She is the Philippine nominee for WHO Regional Director for the Western Pacific, a post which will be elected in the Sixty-ninth session of the Regional Committee for the Western Pacific, 8-12 October in Manila, Philippines.", "Q75742": "Frederik von Ahlefeldt (1623 - 7 July 1686) was a Danish landowner and statesman. He was Grand Chancellor during the reign of King Christian V.", "Q919008": "Gian Piero Reverberi (born 29 July 1939 in Genoa) is an Italian pianist, composer, arranger, conductor, and entrepreneur.\nAfter obtaining Diplomas in piano and composition from the Paganini Conservatory in Genoa, Reverberi worked in a wide range of media, including TV themes, spaghetti Western soundtracks to pop and rock records, where alongside Robert Mellin he composed the memorable theme music to the children's TV series The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe in 1964. He created the Rond\u00f2 Veneziano ensemble. He also worked with his brother Gianfranco Reverberi on the song \"Last Man Standing\" (or \"Nel cimitero di Tucson\") from the soundtrack of Django, Prepare a Coffin (Preparati la bara!), which was sampled in Gnarls Barkley's hit \"Crazy\".As a producer, Reverberi worked for New Trolls and Le Orme progressive rock bands, being also listed as one of the official members of the latter for a short stint. In the 1960s-1970s he was also the producer of several albums of singer-songwriters such as Lucio Battisti, Fabrizio De Andr\u00e9, Luigi Tenco and Gino Paoli.\nIn 1979, he founded the Rond\u00f2 Veneziano chamber orchestra, which he has led ever since, having been the main composer, arranger, and conductor of the group. They play original instruments, incorporating a modern rock-style rhythm section comprising synthesizer, bass guitar and drums.", "Q460624": "Sir William Heerlein Lindley (30 January 1853, in Hamburg \u2013 30 December 1917, in London) was a British civil engineer.\nOne of three sons of the famous British engineer William Lindley, WH Lindley worked together with his father on a number of projects and was a respected engineer in his own right. Between 1881 and 1889 he oversaw the construction of Warsaw waterworks, designed by his father in 1876\u20131878. He oversaw the construction of the sewage system in Prague, built between 1895 and 1906, which is still in use today, and Sewage plant in Bubene\u010d in Prague, which was in use from 1907 until 1967 and currently its building serves as a museum of Prague's sewage system and is highly dedicated to Lindley. Between 1897 and 1898 he worked on the project for a water-supply system for Ia\u0219i, which he linked, via an underground cast-iron aqueduct, to an aquifer located 103 kilometres away, in Timi\u0219e\u0219ti, Neam\u021b County; Lindley's project was materialised in 1911, and the water system is still used. He also coordinated the project for Baku's water supply system, working from 1899 up until his death in 1917. In 1909 he also designed a water and sewerage system for \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland, although the expense of the system meant the project was shelved until the 1920s.", "Q426671": "Alessandra Rosaldo (born Alejandra S\u00e1nchez Barraro; September 11, 1971) is a Mexican actress, singer and dancer. In 2006, she was the winner of the first prize in Televisa Network's, later broadcast in Univision Bailando por un Sue\u00f1o.\nAs an actress, she has played main and supporting roles in Mexican TV\u2019s soap operas. She has sold over 4 million records in the Spanish-speaking world as the lead singer of her own pop music band Sentidos Opuestos as well in her solo singer career, for which she received the Lo Nuestro Award for Rock New Artist of the Year at the 16th Lo Nuestro Awards.", "Q132381": "Sanhe (Chinese: \u4e09\u6cb3; pinyin: S\u0101nh\u00e9 Sh\u00ec) is a county-level city administered by Langfang prefecture in eastern Hebei province, People's Republic of China. Sanhe city, Dachang Hui Autonomous County, and Xianghe County form the \"Northern Three Counties of Langfang\", an exclave of Hebei province surrounded by the Beijing and Tianjin municipalities.\nThe name of the city literally means \"Three Rivers\".", "Q206922": "Andrew Clement Serkis (born 20 April 1964) is an English actor and film director. He is best known for his performance capture roles comprising motion capture acting, animation and voice work for such computer-generated characters as Gollum in The Lord of the Rings film trilogy (2001\u20132003) and The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012), King Kong in the eponymous 2005 film, Caesar in the Planet of the Apes reboot series (2011\u20132017), Captain Haddock / Sir Francis Haddock in Steven Spielberg's The Adventures of Tintin (2011), and Supreme Leader Snoke in the first two Star Wars sequel trilogy films, The Force Awakens (2015) and The Last Jedi (2017). In 2018, he portrayed the character of Baloo in his self-directed film, Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle. \nSerkis's film work in motion capture has been critically acclaimed. He has received an Empire Award, and two Saturn Awards for his motion-capture acting. He earned a Golden Globe nomination for his portrayal of serial killer Ian Brady in the British television film Longford (2006) and was nominated for a BAFTA for his portrayal of new wave and punk rock musician Ian Dury in the biopic Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll (2010). In 2020, Serkis received the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Contribution To Cinema.Serkis portrayed Ulysses Klaue in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Black Panther (2018). He will play Alfred Pennyworth in The Batman (2021). Serkis has his own production company and motion capture workshop, The Imaginarium Studios in London, which he used for Mowgli. He made his directorial debut with Imaginarium's 2017 film Breathe. He will also direct Marvel and Sony's Venom 2 (2020), as part of Sony's Marvel Universe.", "Q79178": "Grete Wiesenthal (December 9, 1885, Vienna - June 22, 1970, Vienna) was a member of the corps de ballet of the Hofoper in Vienna. Gustav Mahler was responsible for giving her the role of 'Fenella' in La Muette de Portici in 1907. This caused a great scandal and eventually led to Mahler's resignation, as in doing so, he had undermined the ballet master, Hassreiter.\n\n", "Q432604": "Nuria Torray (24 September 1934 - 7 June 2004) was a Spanish film, television and theatre actress.", "Q237527": "Willie Mae Thornton (December 11, 1926 \u2013 July 25, 1984), better known as Big Mama Thornton, was an American rhythm-and-blues singer and songwriter. She was the first to record Leiber and Stoller's \"Hound Dog\", in 1952, which became her biggest hit, staying seven weeks at number one on the Billboard R&B chart in 1953 and selling almost two million copies. Thornton's other recordings included the original version of \"Ball and Chain\", which she wrote.", "Q474651": "Gjakova (Albanian: Gjakov\u00eb) or \u0110akovica (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0402\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0446\u0430; sometimes transliterated as Djakovica) is a city and municipality located in the Gjakova District of western Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, the city of Gjakova has 40,827 inhabitants, while the municipality has,94,556 inhabitants.Geographically, it is located in the south-western part of Kosovo, about halfway between the cities of Pe\u0107 and Prizren. It is approximately 100 km (62 mi) inland from the Adriatic Sea. \nThe city is situated some 208 kilometres north-east of Tirana, 145 kilometres north-west of Skopje, 80 kilometres west of the capital Pristina, 435 kilometres south of Belgrade and 263 kilometres east of Podgorica.\nThe city of Gjakova has been populated since the prehistoric era. During the Ottoman period, Gjakova served as a trading center on the route between Shkod\u00ebr and Istanbul. It was also one of the most developed trade centers at that time in the Balkans.", "Q3168395": "Jean-Paul B\u00e9chat (September 2, 1942 \u2013 November 22, 2014) was a French engineer. He was the CEO of Snecma then Safran until 2007.", "Q674825": "Piz Medel is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Ticino and Graub\u00fcnden. At 3,210 metres (10,531 ft) above sea level it is the highest summit on the chain between Lukmanier Pass (1,915 metres) and Crap la Crusch (2,268 metres). The mountain overlooks the Greina, an important pass connecting the cantons of Graub\u00fcnden and Ticino.\nThe northern side of the massif (Graub\u00fcnden) is covered by a large glacier named Glatscher da Medel, separated on its lower part in three branches. The massif consists of several summits among which the highest are Piz a Spescha (3,109 metres), Piz Cristallina (3,128 metres), Piz Uffiern (3,151 metres) and Cima di Camadra (3,172 metres).\nThe normal route to the summit starts at Fuorcla da Lavaz (2,524 metres), a pass connecting the northern valleys of Medel and Sumvitg. A hut has been erected on the pass by the Swiss Alpine Club, the Medel hut.", "Q444792": "Vincent Anselmo \"Vince\" Gironda (November 9, 1917 \u2013 October 18, 1997) was an American professional bodybuilder, personal trainer, author, co-founder of the supplement company NSP Nutrition, and owner of the celebrity-frequented Vince's Gym. His nickname was the \"Iron Guru\".\n\n", "Q71524": "Albrecht von Hagen (11 March 1904 \u2013 8 August 1944) was a German jurist and a resistance fighter in the time of the Third Reich.", "Q219802": "Wicked Little Things (also known as Zombies) is a 2006 American zombie horror film directed by J. S. Cardone and starring Lori Heuring, Scout Taylor-Compton and Chlo\u00eb Grace Moretz. The film was claimed to be based on true events.", "Q645420": "Warzone was a New York hardcore punk band formed on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in 1983. The band helped develop the New York hardcore sound, the hardcore skinhead style and the youth crew subgenre. During the band's 14 years and many line-up changes, their primarily hardcore sound was flavored by influences ranging from Oi! (they toured several times with The Business and played a cover of their song \"The Real Enemy\") to traditional punk rock to heavy metal (on their self-titled LP). Their fan base was diverse, with their concerts usually attended by skinheads, straight edge teens, metalheads, and punks of all ages. Vice has written that \"one could argue that [Warzone] spearheaded the second and larger wave of hardcore bands that erupted in the NY scene in 1986-1987\".Frontman Raymond \"Raybeez\" Barbieri was the band's only consistent member through the vast majority of its years. He joined the band as the drummer in 1983 (the same year he played drums on the debut Agnostic Front 7\" EP United Blood), later taking over vocal duties after Warzone had already been in existence for two years (noting later, \"in a band that [had] been running for so long, there has to be something there\"). Raybeez remained the singer of Warzone until his death on September 11, 1997 due to pneumonia. A U.S. Navy veteran,, he was receiving treatment in a VHA facility when the illness damaged his liver and took his life at the age of 35. A tribute sign reading \"R.I.P Ray\" hung outside CBGB for some time following his death, and for more than a year afterward, every release on Victory Records was dedicated to his memory, as were two independent compilations. These albums, as well as benefit concerts, raised funds for several non-profit groups Ray had worked for which helped at-risk youth.", "Q373417": "Renzo Palmer (20 December 1929 \u2013 4 June 1988) was an Italian film, television and stage actor. He appeared in 65 films between 1957 and 1988.", "Q67346": "Wildberg is a municipality in the district of Pf\u00e4ffikon in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q2128498": "The Committee of 100 is a leadership organization of Chinese Americans in business, government, academia and the arts whose stated aim is \"to encourage constructive relations between the peoples of the United States and Greater China.\" It was founded in 1990 by I. M. Pei. Its current chair is Frank H. Wu, Distinguished Professor, University of California Hastings College of Law.", "Q57285": "Gustav Heinrich Ernst Martin Wilhelm Furtw\u00e4ngler (UK: FOORT-veng-gl\u0259r, US: -\u2060l\u0259r, German: [\u02c8v\u026alh\u025blm \u02c8f\u028a\u0250\u032ftv\u025b\u014bl\u0250]; January 25, 1886 \u2013 November 30, 1954) was a German conductor and composer. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest symphonic and operatic conductors of the 20th century.\nFurtw\u00e4ngler was principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic between 1922 and 1945, and from 1952 until 1954. He was also principal conductor of the Gewandhaus Orchestra (1922\u201326), and was a guest conductor of other major orchestras including the Vienna Philharmonic.\nHe was the leading conductor to remain in Germany during the Second World War, although he was not an adherent of the Nazi regime. This decision caused lasting controversy, and the extent to which his presence lent prestige to the Third Reich is still debated.\nFurtw\u00e4ngler's conducting is well documented in commercial and broadcast recordings and has contributed to his lasting reputation.\nHe had a major influence on many later conductors, and his name is often mentioned when discussing their interpretative styles.", "Q221345": "Batman Forever is a 1995 American superhero film directed by Joel Schumacher and produced by Tim Burton, based on the DC Comics character Batman. A sequel to the 1992 film Batman Returns and the third installment of Warner Bros.'s initial Batman film series, it stars Val Kilmer replacing Michael Keaton as Bruce Wayne and Batman, alongside Tommy Lee Jones, Jim Carrey, Nicole Kidman, Chris O'Donnell, Michael Gough, and Pat Hingle. The plot focuses on Batman trying to stop Two-Face and the Riddler in their villainous scheme to extract confidential information from all the minds in Gotham City and use it to learn Batman's identity and bring the city under their control. In the process, he gains allegiance from a young, orphaned circus acrobat named Dick Grayson, who becomes his sidekick Robin, and meets and develops feelings for psychiatrist Dr. Chase Meridian, which brings him to the point to decide if he will lead a normal life or if he is destined to fight crime as Batman forever.\nBatman Forever's tone is significantly different from the previous installments, becoming more family-friendly since Warner Bros. believed that Batman Returns failed to outgross its predecessor due to parent complaints about the film's violence and dark overtones. Schumacher eschewed the dark, dystopian atmosphere of Burton's films by drawing inspiration from the Batman comic books of the Dick Sprang era, as well as the 1960s television series. After Keaton chose not to reprise his role, William Baldwin and Ethan Hawke were considered as a replacement before Val Kilmer joined the cast.\nThe film was released on June 16, 1995, receiving mixed reviews, but was a financial success. Batman Forever grossed over $336 million worldwide and became the sixth-highest-grossing film worldwide of 1995. The film was followed by Batman & Robin in 1997, with Schumacher returning as the director, Chris O'Donnell returning as Robin, and George Clooney replacing Kilmer as Batman.", "Q520572": "James Mark Cornette (born September 17, 1961) is an American author and podcaster who has previously worked in the professional wrestling industry as an agent, booker, color commentator, manager, promoter, trainer, and occasional professional wrestler.\nHe has worked for Continental Wrestling Association, Mid-South Wrestling, World Class Championship Wrestling, Jim Crockett Promotions, World Championship Wrestling, World Wrestling Federation (now called WWE), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling and Ring of Honor. From 1991 to 1995, he was the owner and head booker of Smoky Mountain Wrestling, and from 1999 to 2005, was the co-owner, head booker, and head trainer of Ohio Valley Wrestling. During the later years of his career, Cornette has focused primarily on backstage positions and transitioned away from his role as an on-screen manager. \nIn 2017, Cornette retired from managing. During this transitional period, he had worked as an on-screen \"authority figure\" character in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (later Impact Wrestling) and Ring of Honor, promotions where he also held backstage positions. Cornette has had an extensive commentary career, most recently serving as a color commentator for Major League Wrestling, What Culture Pro Wrestling, and the National Wrestling Alliance. Cornette is also noted for his long-standing real-life feud with fellow professional wrestling booker Vince Russo; in June 2017, Russo filed a restraining order (EPO) against Cornette for stalking.", "Q325651": "The Big Cat is a 1949 American outdoor action film in Technicolor directed by Phil Karlson. The cast included Lon McCallister, Peggy Ann Garner, Preston Foster, Forrest Tucker, Skip Homeier, and Gene Reynolds.\nKarlson said the film \"was a complete social statement. That was my answer to John Ford's The Grapes of Wrath.\"", "Q1765293": "The Nona Tapes is a 1995 mockumentary by the American rock band Alice in Chains directed by Rocky Schenck to promote the band's self-titled album. It features journalist Nona Weisbaum (played by Jerry Cantrell) interviewing the band in Seattle and also includes the music video for the lead single \"Grind\", and outtake footage overdubbed with \"Heaven Beside You\". Because it is no longer for sale, original copies of the VHS are considered a rarity. However, in 2006, Best Buy offered a DVD version for free for a limited time with purchases of the compilation The Essential Alice in Chains. On June 19, 2017, Alice in Chains' official Vevo channel uploaded the video on YouTube.\n\n", "Q8079840": "'The Devil's Ruse (Czech: \u010e\u00e1blova lest) is a Czech crime movie. The movie was shot in A Benedictine monastery of Saint V\u00e1clav in Broumov, the Church of Saint Margaret in Podla\u017eice and City Museum, Chrast by Chrudim.", "Q235318": "Dame Maria Paula Figueiroa Rego (born 26 January 1935) is a Portuguese-born visual artist who is particularly known for her paintings and prints based on storybooks. Rego\u2019s style has evolved from abstract towards representational, and she has favoured pastels over oils for much of her career. Her work often reflects feminism, coloured by folk-themes from her native Portugal.\nRego studied at the Slade School of Fine Art, University College London and was an exhibiting member of the London Group, along with David Hockney and Frank Auerbach. She was the first artist-in-residence at the National Gallery in London . She lives and works in London.", "Q5171562": "The College of Architecture, Art, and Planning (AAP) at Cornell University is one of the world's most highly regarded and prestigious schools of architecture and has the only department in the Ivy League that offers the Bachelor of Architecture degree. According to DesignIntelligence, Cornell architecture students are the most desired recent graduates by architecture firms, especially in New York City. The department has one of the largest endowments of any architecture program, including a $20 million endowment by Cayuga County resident Ruth Price Thomas in 2002. The Master of Regional Planning (M.R.P.) professional degree program at AAP has been consistently ranked in the top 10 in the nation, according to Planetizen's Guide to Graduate Urban Planning Programs.Among the college's notable alumni are architects Richard Meier (B.Arch. '56), designer of the Getty Center in Los Angeles, and Peter Eisenman (B.Arch. '55), founder of the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies in New York City; artists Charles Ginnever (M.F.A. '59), Louise Lawler (B.F.A. '69), Susan Rothenberg (B.F.A. '67) and James Siena (B.F.A. '79); architect and planner Edmund Bacon (B.Arch. '32), and planners Paul Farmer (M.R.P. '71), Norman Krumholz (M.R.P. '65), and Robert Mier (M.R.P. '73, Ph.D. '75).", "Q336163": "Susan Adele Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield, (born 1 October 1950) is an English scientist, writer, broadcaster, and member of the House of Lords. Her research has focused on the treatment of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. She is also interested in the neuroscience of consciousness and the impact of technology on the brain.Greenfield is a senior research fellow at Lincoln College, Oxford, and was a professor of Synaptic Pharmacology.She was chancellor of Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh between 2005 and 2013. From 1998 to 2010, she was director of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. In September 2013, she co-founded the biotech company Neuro-bio Ltd, where she is Chief Executive Officer.", "Q232477": "Winifred Jacqueline Fraser Bisset ( BISS-it; born 13 September 1944) is an English actress. She began her film career in 1965, first coming to prominence in 1968 with roles in The Detective, Bullitt, and The Sweet Ride, for which she received a most promising newcomer Golden Globe nomination. In the 1970s, she starred in Airport (1970), Day for Night (1973) which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, Murder on the Orient Express (1974), The Deep (1977), and Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe? (1978), which earned her a Golden Globe nomination as Best Actress in a Comedy.\nHer other film and TV credits include Rich and Famous (1981), Class (1983), her Golden Globe-nominated role in Under the Volcano (1984), her Cesar-nominated role in La C\u00e9r\u00e9monie (1995), her Emmy-nominated role in the miniseries Joan of Arc (1999) and the BBC miniseries Dancing on the Edge (2013), for which she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress (television).\nShe received France's highest honour, the L\u00e9gion d'honneur, in 2010. She speaks English, French and Italian.", "Q3818024": "Boaz Toporovsky (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e2\u05b7\u05d6 \u05d8\u05d5\u05bc\u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05d1\u05b0\u05e1\u05b0\u05e7\u05b4\u05d9\u200e, born 17 July 1980) is an Israeli politician. A former chair of the National Union of Israeli Students, he served as a member of the Knesset for Yesh Atid between 2013 and 2015, and again since 2019.", "Q117101": "John Milton Hay (October 8, 1838 \u2013 July 1, 1905) was an American statesman and official whose career in government stretched over almost half a century. Beginning as a private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln, Hay's highest office was United States Secretary of State under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. Hay was also an author and biographer, and wrote poetry and other literature throughout much of his life.\nBorn in Indiana to an anti-slavery family that moved to Illinois when he was young, Hay showed great potential, and his family sent him to Brown University. After graduation in 1858, Hay read law in his uncle's office in Springfield, Illinois, adjacent to that of Lincoln. Hay worked for Lincoln's successful presidential campaign and became one of his private secretaries at the White House. Throughout the American Civil War, Hay was close to Lincoln and stood by his deathbed after the President was shot at Ford's Theatre. In addition to his other literary works, Hay co-authored with John George Nicolay a multi-volume biography of Lincoln that helped shape the assassinated president's historical image.\nAfter Lincoln's death, Hay spent several years at diplomatic posts in Europe, then worked for the New-York Tribune under Horace Greeley and Whitelaw Reid. Hay remained active in politics, and from 1879 to 1881 served as Assistant Secretary of State. Afterward, he remained in the private sector, until President McKinley, for whom he had been a major backer, made him Ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1897. Hay became Secretary of State the following year.\nHay served for almost seven years as Secretary of State, under President McKinley, and after McKinley's assassination, under Theodore Roosevelt. Hay was responsible for negotiating the Open Door Policy, which kept China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis, with international powers. By negotiating the Hay\u2013Pauncefote Treaty with the United Kingdom, the (ultimately unratified) Hay\u2013Herr\u00e1n Treaty with Colombia, and finally the Hay\u2013Bunau-Varilla Treaty with the newly-independent Republic of Panama, Hay also cleared the way for the building of the Panama Canal.\n\n", "Q118232": "Christine Egerszegi-Obrist (born 29 May 1948) is a Swiss politician, member of the Swiss Council of States and former President of the Swiss National Council (2006/2007). She was elected to the National Council in 1995, on the list of the Free Democratic Party in the canton of Aargau, and to the Swiss Council of States as the first female representative of Aargau in the 2007 federal election.\n\n", "Q468250": "Vladimir Viktorovich Aksyonov (\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043a\u0441\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432) (born in Giblitsy, Kasimovsky District, Ryazan Oblast, Russian SFSR, on 1 February 1935) is a former Soviet cosmonaut, married with two children.\nHe graduated from institute of Engineering with diploma and graduated from Air Force Institute and graduated from polytechnical Institute. He was a candidate technical science.\nAksyonov was selected as cosmonaut on 3 March 1973. He was awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union on two occasions. He retired on 17 October 1988.\nFlew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz 22 and Soyuz T-2.\nHe is currently director of the institute for research of Russian mineral resources.", "Q796122": "Chester Robert \"Chet\" Huntley (December 10, 1911 \u2013 March 20, 1974) was an American television newscaster, best known for co-anchoring NBC's evening news program, The Huntley\u2013Brinkley Report, for 14 years beginning in 1956.", "Q97937": "Karl Freller (born 2 March 1956 in Schwabach) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He has been a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.He is married and has three children.", "Q24243": "Joseph John Heck (born October 30, 1961) is an American U.S. Army Brigadier General, physician, and politician who served as the U.S. Representative for Nevada's 3rd congressional district from 2011 to 2017. Heck, a Republican, is a board-certified physician and served as a Nevada State Senator from 2004 to 2008. He ran for the United States Senate in 2016.", "Q919020": "Gary Larson (born August 14, 1950) is an American cartoonist. He is the creator of The Far Side, a single-panel cartoon series that was syndicated internationally to more than 1,900 newspapers for fifteen years. The series ended with Larson's retirement on January 1, 1995, though in September 2019 his website alluded to a \"new online era of 'The Far Side.'\" His twenty-three books of collected cartoons have combined sales of more than forty-five million copies.", "Q458393": "Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate public research university in Durham, England, founded by an Act of Parliament in 1832 and incorporated by royal charter in 1837. It was the first recognised university to open in England for more than 600 years, after Oxford and Cambridge, and is thus one of the institutions to be described as the third-oldest university in England. As a collegiate university its main functions are divided between the academic departments of the university and its 16 colleges. In general, the departments perform research and provide teaching to students, while the colleges are responsible for their domestic arrangements and welfare.\nThe university is a member of the Russell Group of British research universities after previously being a member of the 1994 Group. Durham is also affiliated with the regional N8 Research Partnership and international university groups including the Matariki Network of Universities and the Coimbra Group. The university estate includes 63 listed buildings, ranging from the 11th-century Durham Castle to a 1930s Art Deco chapel. The university also owns and manages the Durham World Heritage Site in partnership with Durham Cathedral. The university's ownership of the World Heritage Site includes Durham Castle, Palace Green, and the surrounding buildings including the historic Cosin's Library.Among British universities, it had the eighth highest average UCAS Tariff for new entrants in 2016 and the third lowest proportion of state-school educated students starting courses in 2016, at 62.9 per cent (fifth lowest compared to its benchmark). The university is currently ranked 5th to 7th by recent national league tables of the British universities, 78th to 133rd in three of the four major global tables and in the 201\u2013300 range in the fourth (see below). It was Sunday Times University of the Year for 2005, and the Times and Sunday Times Sports University of the Year for 2015, and was awarded a Queen's Anniversary Prize in 2018.The chancellor of the university is Sir Thomas Allen, who succeeded Bill Bryson in 2012. Current and emeritus academics include 14 Fellows of the Royal Society, 17 Fellows of the British Academy, 14 Fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences, 5 Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 2 Fellows of the Royal Society of Arts and 2 Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences. Durham graduates have long used the Latin post-nominal letters Dunelm after their degree, from Dunelmensis (of, belonging to, or from Durham).", "Q111570": "Alexander Newman (October 5, 1804 \u2013 September 8, 1849) was a politician from Virginia.\nBorn near Orange, Virginia, Newman had pursued in an academic course. He held several local offices before serving in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1836 to 1838 and in the Virginia Senate from 1841 to 1846. He was postmaster of Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia) from 1846 to 1849 and was elected a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1848, serving from March 4 until his death on September 8, 1849, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Newman was interred in Old First Street Cemetery in Moundsville, Virginia (now West Virginia).", "Q76263": "Alexander Christian Frederick, Count of W\u00fcrttemberg (5 November 1801, Copenhagen \u2013 7 July 1844, Wildbad) was a German army officer and poet. He was the eldest surviving son of William Frederick Philip, Duke of W\u00fcrttemberg, who was a younger brother of Frederick I of W\u00fcrttemberg\n\nHe received a military education in order to become a regular officer. Afterwards, he was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the 3rd Cavalry Regiment of W\u00fcrttemberg. The regiment was stationed in Esslingen am Neckar where Alexander von W\u00fcrttemberg stayed in the Obere Palmsche Palais.\nFor his summer residence, he lived in Schloss Serach. There he visited with poets such as Emma Niendorf, Gustav Schwab, Justinus Kerner, Ludwig Uhland, and Hermann Kurz. These visits came to be known as the Serach Poet Circle.\nAlexander von W\u00fcrttemberg formed a particularly close friendship with Nikolaus Lenau, who shared his dejection and depression. He was married in 1832 to his Hungarian wife, Helene Festetics de Tolna. Together they had two sons and two daughters.\nHe suffered from chronic headaches and moved to Italy in 1843 in a futile attempt to improve his health. He then moved to Wildbad, W\u00fcrttemberg where he died from a stroke in 1844. His body is interned in the Stiftskirche, Stuttgart.", "Q82484": "James Graham Clinton (January 2, 1804 \u2013 May 28, 1849) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a U.S. Representative from New York.", "Q79150": "Carl Ludwig Doleschall (Hungarian: Doleschall Lajos; Slovak: Karol \u013dudov\u00edt Dole\u017eal; born 15 July 1827 \u2013 died 26 February 1859) was born in V\u00e1g-\u00dajhely, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire (now Nov\u00e9 Mesto nad V\u00e1hom, Slovakia), as the son of the theologian Michael Doleschall, and died in Ambon Island, Moluccas, Dutch East Indies (today in Indonesia) only 31 years old. His name is sometimes also written as \"Doleschal\".\nHe studied medicine at the University of Vienna and became a military surgeon for the Dutch army, stationed in Java in 1853. He studied invertebrates and plants extensively, and described many arachnids and insects, notably diptera. In 1852, he published the work Systematisches Verzeichni\u00df der im Kaiserthum \u00d6sterreich vorkommenden Spinnen. He spent the last half of his life mostly in the island of Ambon.He was visited by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1857. Shortly after Wallace left, he died of consumption in February 26, 1859. After his death his large collection of beetles went to the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest.", "Q894310": "Boryslav Mykolayovych Brondukov (Ukrainian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u00e1\u0432 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u00e1\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0443\u043a\u00f3\u0432; Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432; 1 March 1938 \u2013 10 March 2004) was a Ukrainian film character actor, People's Artist of Ukraine.He was born in the village of Dubova in the Poliske Raion of Kiev oblast, Ukrainian SSR in a Russian-Polish family. After graduating a construction vocational school he started to work at the Kiev Arsenal factory which after World War II was once again established in the city.\nAt this time Brondukov began to perform in theater as well. His work was seen by the rector of Karpenko-Karyi Institute of Theatrical Arts in Kiev and at an age of 23 Borislav became a student there.\nSince 1965 Brondukov has been an actor of the Dovzhenko Film Studios (Kiev), though he has worked at many other film studios in the Soviet Union as well.\nBrondukov became a People's Artist of the Ukrainian SSR (1988) and the first winner of the Alexander Dovzhenko Ukrainian State Prize (1995).He was featured in over 100 movies among which are Zakhar Berkut, Vavilon, Mimino, the Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson TV series (as Inspector Lestrade), and others.", "Q40909": "Adeline Virginia Woolf (; n\u00e9e Stephen; 25 January 1882 \u2013 28 March 1941) was an English writer, considered one of the most important modernist 20th-century authors and also a pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative device.\nWoolf was born into an affluent household in South Kensington, London, the seventh child in a blended family of eight. Her mother, Julia Prinsep Jackson, celebrated as a Pre-Raphaelite artist's model, had three children from her first marriage, while Woolf's father, Leslie Stephen, a notable man of letters, had one previous daughter. The Stephens produced another four children, including the modernist painter Vanessa Bell. While the boys in the family received college educations, the girls were home-schooled in English classics and Victorian literature. An important influence in Virginia Woolf's early life was the summer home the family used in St Ives, Cornwall, where she first saw the Godrevy Lighthouse, which was to become central in her novel To the Lighthouse (1927).\nWoolf's childhood came to an abrupt end in 1895 with the death of her mother and her first mental breakdown, followed two years later by the death of her half-sister and a mother figure to her, Stella Duckworth. From 1897 to 1901, she attended the Ladies' Department of King's College London, where she studied classics and history and came into contact with early reformers of women's higher education and the women's rights movement. Other important influences were her Cambridge-educated brothers and unfettered access to her father's vast library.\nEncouraged by her father, Woolf began writing professionally in 1900. Her father's death in 1905 caused another mental breakdown for Woolf. Following his death, the Stephen family moved from Kensington to the more bohemian Bloomsbury, where they adopted a free-spirited lifestyle. It was in Bloomsbury where, in conjunction with the brothers' intellectual friends, they formed the artistic and literary Bloomsbury Group.\nIn 1912, she married Leonard Woolf, and in 1917 the couple founded the Hogarth Press, which published much of her work. They rented a home in Sussex and moved there permanently in 1940. Throughout her life, Woolf was troubled by her mental illness. She was institutionalised several times and attempted suicide at least twice. Her illness may have been bipolar disorder, for which there was no effective intervention during her lifetime. In 1941, at age 59, Woolf died by putting rocks in her coat pockets and drowning herself in the River Ouse at Lewes.\nDuring the interwar period, Woolf was an important part of London's literary and artistic society. In 1915 she published her first novel, The Voyage Out, through her half-brother's publishing house, Gerald Duckworth and Company. Her best-known works include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928). She is also known for her essays, including A Room of One's Own (1929), in which she wrote the much-quoted dictum, \"A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction.\"\nWoolf became one of the central subjects of the 1970s movement of feminist criticism and her works have since garnered much attention and widespread commentary for \"inspiring feminism.\" Her works have been translated into more than 50 languages. A large body of literature is dedicated to her life and work, and she has been the subject of plays, novels and films. Woolf is commemorated today by statues, societies dedicated to her work and a building at the University of London.", "Q980417": "John Ballance (27 March 1839 \u2013 27 April 1893) was an Irish-born New Zealand politician who was the 14th Premier of New Zealand, from January 1891 to April 1893, the founder of the Liberal Party (the country's first organised political party), and a Georgist. In 1891 he led his party to its first election victory, forming the first New Zealand government along party lines, but died in office three years later. Ballance supported votes for women. He also supported land reform, though at considerable cost to M\u0101ori.\n\n", "Q954120": "Monty Norman (born 4 April 1928) is a singer and film composer best known for composing the \"James Bond Theme\".", "Q103174": "Ottokar Runze (19 August 1925 \u2013 22 September 2018) was a German film producer, director and screenwriter. His 1974 film In the Name of the People was entered into the 24th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Bear. The following year, he was a member of the jury at the 25th Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q740202": "Roger Ashton-Griffiths (born 19 January 1957) is an English character actor, screenwriter and film director. He is best known for his role as Mace Tyrell in the HBO fantasy series Game of Thrones.", "Q39574": "Candice Rene King (n\u00e9e Accola) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. She is best known for her role as Caroline Forbes in The CW supernatural drama series The Vampire Diaries (2009\u20132017) and her recurring role as the same character on the spin-off series The Originals (2018).", "Q16597": "Jiang Zemin (UK: , US: ; born 17 August 1926) is a Chinese retired politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002 as Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2004 and as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang has been described as the \"core of the third generation\" of Communist Party leaders since 1989.\nJiang came to power unexpectedly as a 'compromise candidate' following the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as General Secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. With the waning influence of Eight Elders due to old age and with the death of Deng Xiaoping in 1997, Jiang consolidated his hold on power and became the \"paramount leader\" of the party and the country in the 1990s.\nUrged by Deng's southern tour in 1992 to accelerate \"opening up and reform\", Jiang officially introduced the term \"socialist market economy\" in his speech during the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held later that year, ending a period of ideological uncertainty and economic stagnation following 1989. Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of reforms, saw the peaceful return of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom in 1997 and Macau from Portugal in 1999 and improved its relations with the outside world while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the government. His contributions to party doctrine, known as the \"Three Represents,\" were written into the party's constitution in 2002. Jiang vacated the post of party General Secretary and Politburo Standing Committee in 2002, but did not relinquish all of his leadership titles until 2005, and continued to influence affairs until much later. At the age of 93 years, 245 days, Jiang is the longest-living paramount leader in the history of the PRC, surpassing Deng Xiaoping on 14 February 2019.", "Q595487": "George Polk (17 October 1913 \u2013 May 1948) was an American journalist for CBS who was murdered during the Greek Civil War, in 1948.", "Q36647": "Cork (; Irish: Corcaigh, pronounced [\u02c8ko\u027ek\u026a\u025f], from corcach, meaning \"marsh\") is the second largest city in Ireland. Located in the south-west of Ireland, in the province of Munster, since an extension to the city's boundary in 2019, its population is c.210,000.The city centre is an island positioned between two channels of the River Lee which meet downstream at the eastern end of the city centre, where the quays and docks along the river lead outwards towards Lough Mahon and Cork Harbour, one of the largest natural harbours in the world.Originally a monastic settlement, Cork was expanded by Viking invaders around 915. Its charter was granted by Prince John in 1185. Cork city was once fully walled, and the remnants of the old medieval town centre can be found around South and North Main streets. The third largest city by population on the island of Ireland, the city's cognomen of \"the rebel city\" originates in its support for the Yorkist cause in the Wars of the Roses. Corkonians sometimes refer to the city as \"the real capital\", a reference to its opposition to the Anglo-Irish Treaty in the Irish Civil War.", "Q29767": "Hubert Rouger (October 6, 1875, Calvisson (Gard) \u2013 21 September 1958, N\u00eemes) was a French politician and socialist activist.\nFirst a winemaker, in 1905 he became director of a printing cooperative in N\u00eemes. A socialist activist, he contributed to numerous newspapers and magazines.\nCouncilor in 1908, then Deputy in 1909, he became mayor of N\u00eemes from 1925 to 1940. In 1919 he was also general councillor. He served as the SFIO deputy of the Gard department from 1910 to 1919 and from 1924 to 1940. He was secretary of the House from 1924 to 1928 and Questor in 1936.", "Q433532": "Madge Evans (born Margherita Evans; July 1, 1909 \u2013 April 26, 1981) was an American stage and film actress. She began her career as a child performer and model.", "Q239522": "Anna Maria Geertruida \"Annie\" Schmidt (20 May 1911 \u2013 21 May 1995) was a Dutch writer. She is called the mother of the Dutch theatrical song, and the queen of Dutch children's literature, praised for her \"delicious Dutch idiom,\" and considered one of the greatest Dutch writers. An ultimate honour was extended to her posthumously, in 2007, when a group of Dutch historians compiled the \"Canon of Dutch History\" and included Schmidt, alongside national icons such as Vincent van Gogh and Anne Frank.Although Schmidt wrote poetry, songs, books, plays, musicals, and radio and television drama for adults, she is known best for children's books. Her best-known work for children may be the series Jip and Janneke. Many of her books, such as Pluk van de Petteflet, were illustrated by Fiep Westendorp.\nSchmidt received the 1988 Hans Christian Andersen Medal for her lasting contribution as a children's writer. The biennial award conferred by the International Board on Books for Young People is the highest recognition available to a writer or illustrator of children's books.By the time she died in 1995 (of heart failure caused by euthanasia), she was an icon of the Dutch literary world, and even her death\u2014peaceful, in the company of her friends and family\u2014continues to be referenced in the Dutch media and played an important role in discussions of euthanasia.\n\n", "Q325679": "Uri Avnery (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d1\u05e0\u05e8\u05d9, also transliterated Uri Avneri; 10 September 1923 \u2013 20 August 2018) was an Israeli writer, politician, and founder of the Gush Shalom peace movement. A member of the Irgun as a teenager, Avnery sat for two terms in the Knesset from 1965 to 1974 and from 1979 to 1981. He was also the owner of the news magazine HaOlam HaZeh from 1950 until its closure in 1993.\nHe became known for crossing the lines during the Siege of Beirut to meet Yassir Arafat on 3 July 1982, the first time the Palestinian leader met with an Israeli. Avnery was the author of several books about the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict, including 1948: A Soldier's Tale, the Bloody Road to Jerusalem (2008); Israel's Vicious Circle (2008); and My Friend, the Enemy (1986).\n\n", "Q3813617": "Alberto Alcocer Torra (born December 17, 1942, in Madrid, Spain) is a Spanish businessman. He is owner, with his cousin Alberto Cortina, of Alcor Holding, a patrimonial society owner of 12.5% of Grupo ACS, the major Spanish construction company, and of 21% of the wastebasket company, Ence. As of March 2011, according to Forbes, he is ranked 13th richest in Spain and 993rd globally with an estimated net worth of $1.2 billion.", "Q78528": "Franz Schreker (originally Schrecker; 23 March 1878 \u2013 21 March 1934) was an Austrian composer, conductor, teacher and administrator. Primarily a composer of operas, Schreker developed a style characterized by aesthetic plurality (a mixture of Romanticism, Naturalism, Symbolism, Impressionism, Expressionism and Neue Sachlichkeit), timbral experimentation, strategies of extended tonality and conception of total music theatre into the narrative of 20th-century music.", "Q260331": "Olivia Rose Olson (born May 21, 1992) is an American actress and singer-songwriter, mostly known for her voice roles as Vanessa Doofenshmirtz in Phineas and Ferb and Marceline the Vampire Queen in Adventure Time. She also played the character of Joanna in the 2003 film Love Actually and its 2017 short sequel Red Nose Day Actually.\nOlson is also a writer, contributing a section to the best-seller Adventure Time Encyclopedia and an upcoming book for Cartoon Network.", "Q39212": "John Ernst Steinbeck Jr. (; February 27, 1902 \u2013 December 20, 1968) was an American author. He won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature \"for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception.\" He has been called \"a giant of American letters,\" and many of his works are considered classics of Western literature.During his writing career, he authored 33 books, including 16 novels, six non-fiction books, and two collections of short stories. He is widely known for the comic novels Tortilla Flat (1935) and Cannery Row (1945), the multi-generation epic East of Eden (1952), and the novellas Of Mice and Men (1937) and The Red Pony (1937). The Pulitzer Prize-winning The Grapes of Wrath (1939) is considered Steinbeck's masterpiece and part of the American literary canon. In the first 75 years after it was published, it sold 14 million copies.Most of Steinbeck's work is set in central California, particularly in the Salinas Valley and the California Coast Ranges region. His works frequently explored the themes of fate and injustice, especially as applied to downtrodden or everyman protagonists.", "Q1366223": "John O'Callaghan is an Irish musician and DJ, mainly producing trance music. He also produces music under the alias of Joint Operations Centre, Mannix, Henrik Zuberstein and Stenna. He has also collaborated with fellow Discover artists such as Bryan Kearney, Neal Scarborough (as Inertia), Thomas Bronzwaer (as Lost World) and Greg Downey as well as more recently, trance hero Leon Bolier. His best known track is Big Sky, done with vocalist Audrey Gallagher. Callaghan has received remixes by trance artists such as The Thrillseekers, Sean Tyas, Gareth Emery, Cosmic Gate, Markus Schulz and Indecent Noise. He has also worked with Heatbeat and Aly & Fila.", "Q70174": "Siegfried Palm (25 April 1927 \u2013 6 June 2005) was a German cellist who is known worldwide for his interpretations of contemporary music. Many 20th-century composers like Kagel, Ligeti, Xenakis, Penderecki and Zimmermann wrote music for him. He was also Rektor of the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik K\u00f6ln and Intendant of the Deutsche Oper Berlin.", "Q115070": "Ronald M. Hahn (born December 20, 1948 in Wuppertal, Germany) is a German science-fiction writer, translator and author of reference books pertaining to speculative literature and film. He was editor of the German edition of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction from 1983 to 1999, and editor of the German sf magazine Nova from 2002 to 2011. He has won the Kurd Lasswitz Award both as translator and writer of short fiction.\nSince the year 2000 he has been a regular contributor to the biweekly novel series Maddrax, having written more than twenty-five novels for the series so far. Beginning in 2002, he has co-published the science-fiction magazine NOVA.", "Q47900": "Nestor Ivanovych Makhno (Ukrainian: \u041d\u0435\u0301\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0406\u0432\u00e1\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0301; 7 November [O.S. 26 October] 1888 \u2013 July 25, 1934), commonly known as Bat'ko Makhno (Ukrainian: [\u02c8b\u0251t\u02b2ko m\u0250x\u02c8n\u0254], \"Father Makhno\"), was a Ukrainian anarchist revolutionary and the commander of an independent anarchist army in Ukraine from 1917\u201321.\nMakhno was the commander of the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine, commonly referred to as the Makhnovshchina (loosely translated as \"Makhno movement\"). The Makhnovshchina was a predominantly peasant phenomenon that grew into a mass social movement. It was initially centered around Makhno's hometown Huliaipole but over the course of the Russian Civil War came to exert a strong influence over large areas of southern Ukraine. Makhno and the movement's leadership were anarcho-communists and attempted to guide the movement along these ideological lines. Makhno was aggressively opposed to all factions that sought to impose their authority over southern Ukraine, battling in succession the forces of the Ukrainian National Republic, the Central Powers of Germany and Austro-Hungary, the Hetmanate state, the White Army, the Bolshevik Red Army, and other smaller forces led by various Ukrainian atamans. He is also credited as the inventor of the tachanka\u2014a spring-loaded horse-drawn carriage with a mounted heavy machine gun. Makhno and his supporters attempted to reorganize social and economic life along anarchist lines, including the establishment of communes on former landed estates, the requisition and egalitarian redistribution of land to the peasants, and the organization of free elections to local soviets (councils) and regional congresses. However, the disruption of the civil war precluded a stable territorial base for any long-term social experiments.\nAlthough Makhno considered the Bolsheviks a threat to the development of an anarchist Free Territory within Ukraine, he entered into formal military alliances twice with the Red Army to defeat the White Army. In the aftermath of the White Army's defeat in Crimea in November 1920, the Bolsheviks initiated a military campaign against Makhno. After an extended period of open resistance against the Red Army, Makhno fled across the Romanian border in August 1921. In exile, Makhno settled in Paris with his wife Halyna and daughter Yelena. During this period, Makhno wrote numerous memoirs and articles for radical newspapers. Makhno also played an important role in the development of platformism and the debates around the 1926 Organizational Platform of the General Union of Anarchists (Draft). Makhno died in 1934 in Paris at the age of 45 from tuberculosis-related causes.", "Q362254": "Takuya Kimura (Japanese: \u6728\u6751 \u62d3\u54c9, Hepburn: Kimura Takuya, born November 13, 1972), also known as \"Kimutaku\" (\"\u30ad\u30e0\u30bf\u30af\"), is a Japanese actor, singer, and radio personality. He is regarded as a Japanese icon after achieving success as an actor. He was also a popular member of SMAP, one of the best-selling boy bands in Asia.\nA 1996 television drama series, Long Vacation, in which he landed his first lead role, became a massive success, creating a phrase called the \"Lon-bake phenomenon\". He was given the title, \"The King of Ratings\", as his subsequent television series continued to generate high ratings and each show became a social phenomenon as it aired. Five of his works are ranked in the 10 best-viewed TV drama series in Japan, the highest of which is his 2001 drama series, Hero. He also starred in blockbuster films, including Love and Honor (2006), Hero (2007) and Howl's Moving Castle (as a voice actor, 2004) .\n\n", "Q3917": "Bocholt is a city in the north-west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, part of the district Borken. It is situated 4 km south of the border with the Netherlands. Suderwick is part of Bocholt and is situated at the border annex to Dinxperlo.", "Q13389": "Bashkir (; Bashkir: \u0411\u0430\u0448\u04a1\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0441\u0430\u200e, \u0411\u0430\u0448\u04a1\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435, [b\u0251\u0283\u02c8qort t\u0258\u02c8l\u0258] (listen)) is a Turkic language belonging to the Kipchak branch. It is co-official with Russian in Bashkortostan. It is spoken by approximately 1.2 million native speakers in Russia. It has three dialect groups: Southern, Eastern and Northwestern.", "Q446813": "Amira Hass (Hebrew: \u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e1; born 28 June 1956) is an Israeli journalist and author, mostly known for her columns in the daily newspaper Haaretz. She is particularly recognized for her reporting on Palestinian affairs in the West Bank and Gaza, where she has also lived for a number of years.", "Q109459": "Heinrich Joseph Karl Ludwig Ritter und Edler von Poschinger (31 August 1845, Munich, Germany - 10 August 1911, La Boll\u00e8ne, France) was a German writer and historian. A street in the Bismarckviertel quarter of Berlin-Steglitz is named after him.", "Q15920": "Metallica is an American heavy metal band. The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles by vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield and drummer Lars Ulrich, and has been based in San Francisco for most of its career. The band's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding \"big four\" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer. Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members and primary songwriters Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo. Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who went on to form Megadeth after being fired from the band) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton (who died in a bus accident in Sweden in 1986) and Jason Newsted are former members of the band.\nMetallica earned a growing fan base in the underground music community and won critical acclaim with its first five albums. The band's third album, Master of Puppets (1986), was described as one of the heaviest and most influential thrash metal albums. Its eponymous fifth album, Metallica (1991), the band's first to root predominantly in heavy metal, appealed to a more mainstream audience, achieving substantial commercial success and selling over 16 million copies in the United States to date, making it the best-selling album of the SoundScan era. After experimenting with different genres and directions in subsequent releases, the band returned to its thrash metal roots with the release of its ninth album, Death Magnetic (2008), which drew similar praise to that of the band's earlier albums.\nIn 2000, Metallica led the case against the peer-to-peer file sharing service Napster, in which the band and several other artists filed lawsuits against the service for sharing their copyright-protected material without consent; after reaching a settlement, Napster became a pay-to-use service in 2003. Metallica was the subject of the acclaimed 2004 documentary film Metallica: Some Kind of Monster, which documented the troubled production of the band's eighth album, St. Anger (2003), and the internal struggles within the band at the time. In 2009, Metallica was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The band wrote the screenplay for and starred in the 2013 IMAX concert film Metallica: Through the Never, in which the band performed live against a fictional thriller storyline.\nMetallica has released ten studio albums, four live albums, a cover album, five extended plays, 37 singles and 39 music videos. The band has won nine Grammy Awards from 23 nominations, and its last six studio albums (beginning with Metallica) have consecutively debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Metallica ranks as one of the most commercially successful bands of all time, having sold over 125 million albums worldwide as of 2018. Metallica has been listed as one of the greatest artists of all time by magazines such as Rolling Stone, which ranked them at no. 61 on its 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list. As of 2017, Metallica is the third best-selling music artist since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991, selling a total of 58 million albums in the United States.", "Q535157": "Valentin Vitalyevich Lebedev (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432; born April 14, 1942 in Moscow) is a Soviet cosmonaut who made two flights into space. His stay aboard the Space Station Salyut 7 with Anatoly Berezovoy in 1982, which lasted 211 days, was recorded in the Guinness Book of Records.\nSince 1989 Lebedev has dedicated himself to scientific work. In 1991 he started the Scientific Geoinformation Center of the Russian Academy of Science. He continues as that Center's Director through the present day.\nValentin Lebedev is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, and Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation.\n\n", "Q401580": "Manuel M\u00e1ximiliano Alberti (28 May 1763 \u2013 31 January 1811) was a priest from Buenos Aires, when the city was part of the Viceroyalty of the R\u00edo de la Plata. He had a curacy at Maldonado, Uruguay during the British invasions of the R\u00edo de la Plata, and returned to Buenos Aires in time to take part in the May Revolution of 1810. He was chosen as one of the seven members of the Primera Junta, considered the first national government of Argentina. He supported most of the proposals of Mariano Moreno and worked at the Gazeta de Buenos Ayres newspaper. The internal disputes of the Junta had a negative effect on his health, and he died of a heart attack in 1811.\n\n", "Q215976": "Patricia Arquette (born April 8, 1968) is an American actress. She made her feature film debut as Kristen Parker in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors (1987). Her other notable films include True Romance (1993), Ed Wood (1994), Flirting with Disaster (1996), Lost Highway (1997), The Hi-Lo Country (1998), Bringing Out the Dead (1999), Stigmata (1999), Holes (2003), Fast Food Nation (2006), The Wannabe (2015), and Toy Story 4 (2019). For playing a divorced mother in the coming-of-age drama film Boyhood (2014), which was filmed from 2002 until 2014, Arquette received widespread critical praise and won several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.\nOn television, she played the character Allison DuBois\u2014based on the author and medium Allison DuBois, who claims to have psychic abilities\u2014in the supernatural drama series Medium (2005\u20132011). She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2005, from two nominations she received for the role, in addition to three Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. Arquette also appeared in the CSI franchise as Avery Ryan, the Deputy Director of the FBI, starring in CSI: Cyber (2015\u201316). She went on to star as Joyce Mitchell in the Showtime miniseries Escape at Dannemora (2018), winning a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress, and as Dee Dee Blanchard in the Hulu anthology series The Act (2019), winning the Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress.", "Q336605": "Milton Delugg (December 2, 1918 \u2013 April 6, 2015), born in Los Angeles, was an American musician, composer and arranger.", "Q982566": "Giovanni Arpino (27 January 1927 \u2013 10 December 1987) was an Italian writer and journalist.\n\n", "Q863940": "Gonville & Caius College (often referred to simply as Caius KEEZ) is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. The college is the fourth-oldest college at the University of Cambridge and one of the wealthiest. The college has been attended by many students who have gone on to significant accomplishment, including fifteen Nobel Prize winners, the second-most of any Oxbridge college (after Trinity College, Cambridge).The college has long historical associations with medical teaching, especially due to its alumni physicians: John Caius (who gave the college the caduceus in its insignia) and William Harvey. Other famous alumni in the sciences include Francis Crick (joint discoverer, along with James Watson, of the structure of DNA), James Chadwick (discoverer of the neutron) and Howard Florey (developer of penicillin). Stephen Hawking, previously Cambridge's Lucasian Chair of Mathematics Emeritus, was a fellow of the college until his death in 2018. The college also maintains reputable academic programmes in many other disciplines, including law, economics, English literature and history.\nSeveral streets in the city, such as Harvey Road, Glisson Road and Gresham Road, are named after alumni of the College. The college and its masters have been influential in the development of the university, founding other colleges like Trinity Hall and Darwin College and providing land on the Sidgwick Site, e.g. for the Squire Law Library.", "Q12097": "King, or king regnant, is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen regnant, while the title of queen on its own usually refers to the consort of a king. \n\nIn the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the title may refer to tribal kingship. Germanic kingship is cognate with Indo-European traditions of tribal rulership (c.f. Indic r\u0101jan, Gothic reiks, and Old Irish r\u00ed, etc.).\nIn the context of classical antiquity, king may translate in Latin as rex and in Greek as archon or basileus.\nIn classical European feudalism, the title of king as the ruler of a kingdom is understood to be the highest rank in the feudal order, potentially subject, at least nominally, only to an emperor (harking back to the client kings of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire).\nIn a modern context, the title may refer to the ruler of one of a number of modern monarchies (either absolute or constitutional). The title of king is used alongside other titles for monarchs: in the West, emperor, grand prince, prince, archduke, duke or grand duke, and in the Islamic world, malik, sultan, emir or hakim, etc.The term king may also refer to a king consort, a title that is sometimes given to the husband of a ruling queen, but the title of prince consort is sometimes granted instead.", "Q48938268": "UNB (Hangul: \uc720\uc564\ube44) was a South Korean boy group formed through the KBS reality show The Unit. The group was composed of nine members: Jun, Euijin, Go Ho-jung, Feeldog, Marco, Ji Han-sol, Daewon, Kijung, and Chan. Their debut album, Boyhood, was released on April 7, 2018. UNB ended their activities on January 27, 2019.", "Q329725": "Marcelo Mendon\u00e7a Rossi (born 20 May 1967) is a Brazilian Catholic priest widely known and popular in the country for his novel approaches to ministering to the faithful. He is also a writer and a singer, and uses music intensely in his Masses, has recorded several music CDs, is a host to several radio and TV programs in many stations, has appeared as an actor in two movies with religious themes. All of them have been big hits in the media, but Father Rossi donates all the proceedings to Catholic charities and to his own parish.", "Q74312": "Hans Gregor (14 April 1866, in Dresden \u2013 13 August 1945, in Wernigerode) was a German actor and arts administrator.\nGregor directed several German-language theaters, including in Barmen-Elberfeld from 1898 to 1905. In Berlin, he led the Komische Oper as its director from 1905 to 1911. Gregor was noted as initiating the trend in opera productions where the stage director began to assert greater influence compared to the previous dominance of opera singers. In addition, the company provided a more naturalistic style of opera productions. He presided over several notable productions, including 19 premieres.\nFrom 1910 to 1918, he led the Vienna State Opera. There, he presided over such productions as the first Vienna performances of Der Rosenkavalier.\nGregor wrote an autobiographical volume of recollections, Die Welt der Oper \u2013 Die Oper der Welt.", "Q732858": "Gotham City ( GOTH-\u0259m), or simply Gotham, is a fictional city appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, best known as the home of Batman. The city was first identified as Batman's place of residence in Batman #4 (December 1940) and has since been the primary setting for stories featuring the character.\nGotham City is traditionally depicted as being located in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Over the years, Gotham's look and atmosphere has been influenced by cities such as New York City and Chicago.Locations used as inspiration or filming locations for Gotham City in the live-action Batman films and television series have included New York City, New Jersey, Chicago, Vancouver, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Los Angeles, London, and Hong Kong.", "Q253937": "Der Musterknabe is a 1963 Austrian comedy film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Peter Alexander, Cornelia Froboess and Gunther Philipp. A doctor poses as a student in a bid to romance a female student.", "Q167394": "Kragujevac (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0458\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0446, pronounced [kr\u01ce\u0261uje\u028bats] (listen)) is the fourth largest city in Serbia and the administrative centre of the \u0160umadija District. It is the historical centre of the once densely-forested region of \u0160umadija in central Serbia, and is situated on the banks of the Lepenica River. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 150,835, while its administrative area comprises a total of 179,417 inhabitants.\nKragujevac was the first capital of modern Serbia and the first constitution in the Balkans, the Sretenje Constitution, was proclaimed in the city in 1838. During the Second World War, Kragujevac was the site of a massacre by the Nazis in which 2,778 Serb men and boys were killed.\nModern Kragujevac is known for its large munitions (Zastava Arms) and automobile (FCA Srbija) industries, as well as its status as an education centre housing the University of Kragujevac, one of the region's largest higher education institutions.", "Q320073": "David John Bradley (born 17 April 1942) is an English actor. He is known for playing Argus Filch in the Harry Potter film series, Walder Frey in the HBO fantasy series Game of Thrones and Abraham Setrakian in the FX horror series The Strain. He is also an established stage actor with a career that includes a Laurence Olivier Award for his role in a production of King Lear.\nOther acting credits include the BBC series Our Friends in the North, the ITV series Broadchurch (for which he won the best supporting actor award at the 2014 British Academy Television Awards), and the films Hot Fuzz, The World's End and Captain America: The First Avenger.\nIn 2012, he played Solomon in the Doctor Who episode \"Dinosaurs on a Spaceship\". In 2013, Bradley portrayed William Hartnell in the Doctor Who docudrama An Adventure in Space and Time. He returned to Doctor Who portraying the First Doctor in \"The Doctor Falls\" and the 2017 Christmas Special \"Twice Upon a Time\". He also portrayed William Hartnell's First Doctor in a series of audio stories released by Big Finish entitled The First Doctor Adventures starting in January 2018.\nIn 2018 - 2019, he played Gillenormand in the BBC television miniseries Les Mis\u00e9rables, which was broadcast in the UK between 30 December 2018 and 3 February 2019 and also in the US on PBS Masterpiece between 14 April and 19 May 2019.", "Q563305": "Karl Otto Clemens Wittgenstein (April 8, 1847 \u2013 January 20, 1913) was a German-born Austrian steel tycoon of Jewish origin. A friend of Andrew Carnegie, with whom he was often compared, at the end of the 19th century he controlled an effective monopoly on steel and iron resources within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and had by the 1890s acquired one of the largest fortunes in the world. He was also the father of concert pianist Paul Wittgenstein, philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein and of philanthropist Margaret Stonborough-Wittgenstein.\n\n", "Q193573": "Moulin Rouge! (, French: [mul\u025b\u0303 \u0281u\u0292]) is a 2001 jukebox musical romantic drama film directed, co-produced, and co-written by Baz Luhrmann. The film tells the story of a young English poet/writer, Christian (Ewan McGregor), who falls in love with the star of the Moulin Rouge, cabaret actress and courtesan Satine (Nicole Kidman). It uses the musical setting of the Montmartre Quarter of Paris, France. The film is the third part of Luhrmann's \"Red Curtain Trilogy,\" following Strictly Ballroom and Romeo + Juliet. \nAt the 74th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for eight Oscars, including Best Picture and Best Actress for Nicole Kidman, winning two: for Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design. It was the first musical nominated for Best Picture in 10 years, following Disney's Beauty and the Beast (1991). In BBC's 2016 poll of the greatest films since 2000, Moulin Rouge! ranked 53rd.", "Q459927": "Sergey Adonyev (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0434\u043e\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432; born 28 January 1961 in Lviv, Soviet Union), is a Russian businessman and philanthropist.", "Q73469": "Vasily Ivanovich Berkov (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432) (Dutch: Wicher Berkhoff) (21 August 1794 in Vriezenveen, Netherlands \u2013 5 April 1870 in Saint Petersburg, Russia) was a Russian shipbuilder and from 1829-1870 Director of the Admiralty Shipyard of Saint Petersburg, possibly in the rank of Counter-Admiral. Berkov deserves special credit for his translations of West-European literature on shipbuilding into Russian. He was one of the so-called Rusluie, a Dutch community in 18th and 19th century Saint Petersburg, most of whose members originated from Vriezenveen, Berkov's native town.", "Q495487": "William Atherton Knight (born July 30, 1947) is an American actor, best known for portraying Richard Thornburg in Die Hard and its sequel and Walter Peck in Ghostbusters.", "Q181177": "Cranfield University is a British postgraduate and research-based public university specialising in science, engineering, technology and management. Cranfield was founded as the College of Aeronautics in 1946. Through the 1950s and 1960s, the development of aircraft research led to growth and diversification into other areas such as manufacturing and management, and in 1967, to the founding of the Cranfield School of Management. In 1969, the College of Aeronautics was renamed the Cranfield Institute of Technology, was incorporated by Royal Charter, gained degree awarding powers, and became a university. In 1993, it adopted its current name.Cranfield University has two campuses: the main campus is at Cranfield, Bedfordshire, and the second is at the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom at Shrivenham, southwest Oxfordshire. The main campus is unique in the United Kingdom (and Europe) for having its own semi-operational airport \u2013 Cranfield Airport \u2013 and its own aircraft, used for teaching and research.", "Q26326": "Donnchad mac Crinain (Modern Gaelic: Donnchadh mac Cr\u00econain; anglicised as Duncan I, and nicknamed An t-Ilgarach, \"the Diseased\" or \"the Sick\"; ca. 1001 \u2013 14 August 1040) was king of Scotland (Alba) from 1034 to 1040. He is the historical basis of the \"King Duncan\" in Shakespeare's play Macbeth.", "Q104169": "Hermann Abeken (27 June 1820 \u2013 27 April 1854) was a German political writer and statistician. He was the third son of Bernhard Rudolf Abeken.\nAbelen was born in Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany. He worked as merchant in New York City, but returned to Europe due to a chest affliction. A friend of his brother Friedrich, the young Count of G\u00f6rz-Schliz, urged him to begin his law studies in G\u00f6ttingen and Berlin. Beginning in autumn 1846 he began to write, influenced by his stay in the United States and statistical news.\nIn the summer of 1848 he was assigned head of the newly inaugurated statistical bureau at the Ministry of St\u00fcve in Hannover. Abelen wrote for the daily press, where he supported the political decisions and goals of the Ministry. He died in Hannover.", "Q239250": "Ern\u0151 Pattanty\u00fas-\u00c1brah\u00e1m de Dancka (15 March 1882, Debrecen - 7 May 1945, Budapest) was a Hungarian journalist and writer. During the Second World War he published many antifascist articles against the Nazi Germany. His older brother was Dezs\u0151 Pattanty\u00fas-\u00c1brah\u00e1m, a Hungarian politician and Prime Minister of the Counter-revolutionary Government during the Hungarian Soviet Republic.", "Q364631": "George Stanley Clinton (born June 17, 1947) is an American composer, songwriter, arranger, and session musician.\nClinton was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee. His musical career began in Nashville while earning degrees in music and drama at Middle Tennessee State University. After graduation, Clinton moved to Los Angeles and became a staff writer for Warner Brothers Music, while arranging and performing session work. He later recorded four albums for MCA, Elektra Records, ABC, and Arista Records.\nThe critically acclaimed George Clinton Band attracted the attention of a movie producer, giving Clinton the opportunity to score his first film, Cheech and Chong's Still Smokin', and later, Cheech and Chong's The Corsican Brothers.\nClinton's most recognizable scores are probably Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (and its sequels); the martial arts fantasy Mortal Kombat and its sequel Mortal Kombat: Annihilation; and Showtime's series Red Shoe Diaries. His awards include a 2002 Grammy nomination, a 2007 Emmy nomination, and eight BMI Film Music Awards. He was honored with the Richard Kirk Award at the 2007 BMI Film and TV Awards. The award is given annually to a composer who has made significant contributions to film and television music.Clinton has also written several concert works and three musicals. He serves as an adviser at the Sundance Institute and used to be the Chair of the Film Scoring Department at Berklee College of Music in Boston.\n\n", "Q602031": "James George Nicol (born 3 August 1939) is an English drummer and business entrepreneur. He is best known for temporarily replacing Ringo Starr in the Beatles for a series of concerts during the height of Beatlemania in 1964, elevating him from relative obscurity to worldwide fame and then back again in the space of a fortnight. Nicol had hoped that his association with the Beatles would greatly enhance his career but instead found that the spotlight moved away from him once Starr returned to the group, and in 1965 his subsequent lack of commercial success culminated in bankruptcy. In 1967, after having worked with a number of different bands which included a successful relationship with the Spotnicks, he left the music business to pursue a variety of entrepreneurial ventures. Over the decades, Nicol increasingly shied away from media attention, preferring not to discuss his connection to the Beatles nor seeking financial gain from it. He has a son, Howard, who is a BAFTA award-winning sound engineer.", "Q95852": "Alfred Kubel (25 May 1909 in Braunschweig \u2013 22 May 1999 in Bad Pyrmont) was a German politician; in his later career, he was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.In 1928, after attending Middle School, Kubel became an industrial clerk. He had, in 1925, joined a trade union and the Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund, a left-wing political party, and in 1933 he became active in resistance to the Nazis. Kubel was arrested in 1937 and was convicted to a one-year prison term for preparation of high treason. He was drafted into the Volkssturm, a branch of the military, in 1944, and deserted soon thereafter.\nIn May 1946, after having joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany, Kubel was appointed prime minister of Braunschweig by the British occupation forces; he held this position until the state was merged into Lower Saxony in November 1946. From 1951 to 1955 and from 1957 to 1970, he had various cabinet-level positions in the government of Lower Saxony. As minister, he also served on the Volkswagen Group's advisory board from 1965 to 1970.Kubel was Minister President of Lower Saxony from 1970 to 1976; as such, he served as President of the Bundesrat in 1974/75.", "Q70160": "Markus Stenz (born 28 February 1965, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Rhineland-Palatinate) is a German conductor. He studied at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik K\u00f6ln with Volker Wangenhein and at Tanglewood with Leonard Bernstein and Seiji Ozawa.\nStenz has served as Artistic Director of the Montepulciano Festival (1989\u20131995), and Principal Conductor of the London Sinfonietta (1994\u20131998). In Australia, from 1998 to 2004, he was Artistic Director and Chief Conductor of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra (MSO), which he took on their first European tour in 2000. Stenz is known for his championing of contemporary composers, which included the appointment of Brett Dean as the MSO's composer-in-residence in 2001.Stenz was Principal Conductor of the G\u00fcrzenich Orchestra (G\u00fcrzenich-Kapellmeister) from 2003 to 2014. During his tenure, beginning in October 2005, concerts of the G\u00fcrzenich Orchestra have been recorded live on their own label \"GO live!\" and made available within 5 minutes of the end of the concert the same night for purchase by audience members. Stenz conducted the G\u00fcrzenich Orchestra's first concert appearance at The Proms in August 2008.In February 2008, Stenz was named principal guest conductor of the Hall\u00e9 Orchestra, the second principal guest conductor in the orchestra's history. He held this post from 2009 to 2014. In August 2010, the Radio Filharmonisch Orkest (RFO) announced the appointment of Stenz as its eighth chief conductor, effective with the 2012-2013 season, with an initial contract of 3 years. Stenz concluded his RFO chief conductorship as of the close of the 2018-2019 season. In July 2014, the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra announced the appointment of Stenz as its next principal guest conductor, as of the 2015-2016 season, with an initial contract of 3 years. In September 2016, Stenz was appointed as conductor-in-residence of the Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra, effective January 2017, with a contract of 3 years.Stenz is noted as a conductor of the operas of Hans Werner Henze. His conducting debut at the La Fenice theatre in Venice was with a production of Henze's Elegy for Young Lovers. Stenz has also led the premieres of other Henze operas, including Das verratene Meer (Deutsche Oper, Berlin), Venus und Adonis (Bavarian State Opera, Munich) and L'Upupa und der Triumph der Sohnesliebe (2003 Salzburg Festival).Stenz is a Fellow of the Royal Northern College of Music.", "Q464318": "Annie Besant (n\u00e9e Wood; 1 October 1847 \u2013 20 September 1933) was a British socialist, theosophist, women's rights activist, writer, orator, educationist, and philanthropist. Regarded as a champion of human freedom, she was an ardent supporter of both Irish and Indian self-rule. She was a prolific author with over three hundred books and pamphlets to her credit. As an educationist, her contributions included the founding of the Banaras Hindu University.\nIn 1867, Annie, at age 20, married Frank Besant, a clergyman, and they had two children. However, Annie's increasingly unconventional religious views led to their legal separation in 1873. She then became a prominent speaker for the National Secular Society (NSS), as well as a writer, and a close friend of Charles Bradlaugh. In 1877 they were prosecuted for publishing a book by birth control campaigner Charles Knowlton. The scandal made them famous, and Bradlaugh was subsequently elected M.P. for Northampton in 1880.\nThereafter, she became involved with union actions, including the Bloody Sunday demonstration and the London matchgirls strike of 1888. She was a leading speaker for both the Fabian Society and the Marxist Social Democratic Federation (SDF). She was also elected to the London School Board for Tower Hamlets, topping the poll, even though few women were qualified to vote at that time.\nIn 1890 Besant met Helena Blavatsky, and over the next few years her interest in theosophy grew, whilst her interest in secular matters waned. She became a member of the Theosophical Society and a prominent lecturer on the subject. As part of her theosophy-related work, she travelled to India. In 1898 she helped establish the Central Hindu School, and in 1922 she helped establish the Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board in Mumbai, India. In 1902, she established the first overseas Lodge of the International Order of Co-Freemasonry, Le Droit Humain. Over the next few years she established lodges in many parts of the British Empire. In 1907 she became president of the Theosophical Society, whose international headquarters were, by then, located in Adyar, Madras, (Chennai).\nShe also became involved in politics in India, joining the Indian National Congress. When World War I broke out in 1914, she helped launch the Home Rule League to campaign for democracy in India, and dominion status within the British Empire. This led to her election as president of the Indian National Congress, in late 1917. In the late 1920s, Besant travelled to the United States with her prot\u00e9g\u00e9 and adopted son Jiddu Krishnamurti, who she claimed was the new Messiah and incarnation of Buddha. Krishnamurti rejected these claims in 1929. After the war, she continued to campaign for Indian independence and for the causes of theosophy, until her death in 1933.", "Q66702": "Zwingen is a municipality in the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q230512": "Phyllis Ada Diller (n\u00e9e Driver; July 17, 1917 \u2013 August 20, 2012) was an American actress and comedienne, best known for her eccentric stage persona, her self-deprecating humor, her wild hair and clothes, and her exaggerated, cackling laugh.\nDiller was one of the first female comics to become a household name in the U.S., credited as an influence by Joan Rivers, Roseanne Barr, and Ellen DeGeneres, among others. She had a large gay following and is considered a gay icon. She was also one of the first celebrities to openly champion plastic surgery, for which she was recognized by the cosmetic surgery industry.Diller contributed to more than 40 films, beginning with 1961's Splendor in the Grass. She appeared in many television series, featuring in numerous cameos as well as her own short-lived sitcom and variety show. Some of her credits include Night Gallery, The Muppet Show, The Love Boat, Cybill, and Boston Legal, plus 11 seasons of The Bold and the Beautiful. Her voice-acting roles included the monster's wife in Mad Monster Party, the Queen in A Bug's Life, Granny Neutron in The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, and Thelma Griffin in Family Guy.", "Q506589": "Andrew Noel Schofield FRS FREng (born 1 November 1930) is a British soil mechanics engineer and an emeritus professor of geotechnical engineering at the University of Cambridge.", "Q933811": "Juan Rafael Allende (October 24, 1848 \u2013 July 20, 1909) was a Chilean dramatist, author and journalist. He was also known to direct and act in his own plays. He is often recognized as the father of humorous press in Chile. Through writing Allende chastised the aristocratic class and defended ideas of egalitarianism and democracy. Above all he is known for challenging the Catholic clergy.\nBeing a cultural figure, he is related to the oral, popular and country poetry tradition. With this aspects he shares formal characteristics, like revindication of the grotesque and festive.\nHe also used pseudonyms like El Pequ\u00e9n (The burrowing owl), O.N.E. and El Diablo Azul (The Blue Devil).", "Q105277": "Knut Hartwig (born 13 November 1969) is retired a German football midfielder. Hartwig portrayed Fritz Walter in the movie The Miracle of Bern.", "Q944441": "Tom Ritchey (born 1956) is an American bicycle frame builder, Category 1 racer, fabricator, designer, and founder of Ritchey Design. Ritchey is a US pioneer in modern frame building and the first production mountain bike builder/manufacturer in the history of the sport. He is an innovator of bicycle components that have been used in winning some of the biggest cycling competitions in the world including the UCI World Championships, the Tour de France and the Olympics. \nIn 1988, Ritchey was inducted into the inaugural Mountain Bike Hall of Fame in Crested Butte, Colorado (now located in Fairfax, California): and 2012, inducted to the United States Bicycle Hall of Fame in Davis, California.", "Q362240": "Alan Graham Johnston (born 17 May 1962) is a British journalist working for the BBC. He has been the BBC's correspondent in Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, the Gaza Strip and Italy. He is based in London.\nJohnston was kidnapped in the Gaza Strip on 12 March 2007 by the militant group Army of Islam. He was unconditionally released on 4 July, nearly four months later, after much pressure was put on the group by the now-dominant Hamas.", "Q2854107": "Antoine Joseph Monneron (8 May 1736, Antibes \u2013 29 July 1815, Santiago de Cuba) was a French merchant and businessman. A member of the Monneron family, he was active in the West Indies.", "Q432638": "Tomas Milian (born Tom\u00e1s Quint\u00edn Rodriguez-Varona Milian Salinas De La F\u00e9 y Alvarez De La Campa; 3 March 1933 \u2013 22 March 2017) was a Cuban American actor and singer with Italian citizenship, known for the emotional intensity and humour he brought to roles in European genre films.\nA student of Lee Strasberg, Milian studied method acting at the Actors Studio in New York City. In Italy, he was discovered by director Mauro Bolognini and appeared in supporting roles in several drama films during the late-1950s and early-1960s, including as Raphael in Carol Reed's The Agony and the Ecstasy (1965). Throughout the late-1960s and early-1970s, Milian established himself as a dynamic leading actor in a series of Spaghetti Western films, most notably The Big Gundown (1966) and Django Kill... If You Live, Shoot! (1967).Following a decline in the popularity of Spaghetti Westerns, Milian transitioned to roles in poliziottesco films. After receiving acclaim for his performance as a psychotic killer in Almost Human (1974), he made appearances in Emergency Squad (1974), The Tough Ones (1976) and The Cynic, the Rat and the Fist (1977). After returning to the United States in 1985, Milian continued to perform supporting roles in film productions, including JFK (1991), Amistad (1997), Traffic (2000) and The Lost City (2005). Milian died in 2017.", "Q3106470": "Gilles P\u00e9lisson (born 26 May 1957) is a French business executive. \n\n", "Q1609413": "Brian Keith \"Herbie\" Flowers (born 19 May 1938) is an English musician specialising in electric bass, double bass and tuba. He is noted as a member of Blue Mink, T. Rex and Sky and as one of Britain's best-known session bass players.\nFlowers has contributed to recordings by Elton John (Tumbleweed Connection, Madman Across the Water), David Bowie (Space Oddity, Diamond Dogs), Lou Reed (Transformer, including the prominent bass line of \"Walk on the Wild Side\"), Melanie (Candles in the Rain), Roy Harper (Bullinamingvase), David Essex (Rock On), Allan Clarke, Al Kooper (New York City (You're a Woman)), Bryan Ferry (The Bride Stripped Bare), Harry Nilsson (Nilsson Schmilsson, Son of Dracula), Cat Stevens (New Masters, Foreigner), Paul McCartney (Give My Regards to Broad Street), George Harrison (Somewhere in England, Gone Troppo, Brainwashed) and Ringo Starr (Stop and Smell the Roses). He also played bass on Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds.By the end of the 1970s, Flowers had played bass on an estimated 500 hit recordings.", "Q238628": "Sierra McCormick (born October 28, 1997) is an American actress. She first became known for participating on the game show Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? (2007\u20132008) before shifting her focus onto acting, receiving attention for portraying Lilith on the television series Supernatural (2008). She soon starred as Scout Thomas on the comedy television series Romantically Challenged (2010), and later received widespread recognition for her role as Olive Doyle on the Disney Channel series A.N.T. Farm (2011\u20132014). \nMcCormick made her film debut starring as Susan Kushner in the comedy film Ramona and Beezus (2010), and has since voiced Alice in the direct-to-DVD film Spooky Buddies (2011), starred as Moira in the indie film Some Kind Of Hate (2015), and co-starred as Ray Crocker in the science fiction film The Vast of Night (2019).", "Q79144": "Thea Leitner (June 2, 1921 in Vienna \u2013 August 2016) was an Austrian author and journalist. She has written numerous books for young people and was decorated, in May, 2003 for service to Vienna with the \"Silbernes Ehrenzeichen f\u00fcr Verdienste um das Land Wien\" (the Silver Order of Merit for Service to Vienna).\nShe was the wife of German commentator and science popularizer Sebastian Leitner with whom she lived in Vienna until his death in 1989.\nShe died on Tuesday, August 9, 2016 in Vienna.", "Q767871": "Caravan are an English band from the Canterbury area, founded by former Wilde Flowers members David Sinclair, Richard Sinclair, Pye Hastings and Richard Coughlan in 1968. The band have never achieved the great commercial success that was widely predicted for them at the beginning of their career, but are nevertheless considered a key part of the Canterbury scene, blending psychedelic rock, jazz and classical influences to create a distinctive progressive rock sound.\nThe band were originally based in Whitstable, Kent, near Canterbury, but moved to London when briefly signed to Verve Records. After being dropped by Verve, the band signed to Decca Records, where they released their most critically acclaimed album, In the Land of Grey and Pink, in 1971. Dave Sinclair left after the album's release and the group split up the following year. Hastings and Coughlan added new members, notably viola player Geoffrey Richardson, continuing on before splitting in 1978.\nThe band reformed several times in the following decades, and Caravan still remain active as a live band in the 21st century, despite Coughlan's death in December 2013.", "Q49087": "Fisk University is a private historically black university in Nashville, Tennessee. The university was founded in 1866 and its 40-acre (160,000 m2) campus is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places.\nIn 1930, Fisk was the first African-American institution to gain accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Accreditations for specialized programs soon followed. Although the university remains accredited by SACS, the university was placed on probation in June 2018.", "Q92683": "Damian Conway (born 5 October 1964 in Melbourne, Australia) is a computer scientist, a member of the Perl and Raku communities, a public speaker, and the author of several books. Until 2010, he was also an adjunct associate professor in the Faculty of Information Technology at Monash University.\nDamian completed his BSc (with honours) and PhD at Monash. He is perhaps best known for his contributions to Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN) and Raku (Perl 6) language design, and his training courses, both on programming techniques and public speaking skills.\nHe has won the Larry Wall Award three times for CPAN contributions. His involvement in Perl 6 language design has been as an interlocutor and explicator of Larry Wall.\nHe is one of the authors of the Significantly Prettier and Easier C++ Syntax (SPEC).\n\n", "Q334760": "Shing-Tung Yau (; Chinese: \u4e18\u6210\u6850; pinyin: Qi\u016b Ch\u00e9ngt\u00f3ng; born April 4, 1949) is a Chinese-born naturalized American mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1982. He is currently the William Caspar Graustein Professor of Mathematics at Harvard University.Yau's work is mainly in differential geometry, especially in geometric analysis. His contributions have influenced both physics and mathematics, and he has been active at the interface between geometry and theoretical physics. His proof of the positive energy theorem in general relativity demonstrated\u2014sixty years after its discovery\u2014that Einstein's theory is consistent and stable. His proof of the Calabi conjecture allowed physicists to show, using Calabi\u2013Yau compactification, that string theory is a viable candidate for a unified theory of nature. Calabi\u2013Yau manifolds are part of the standard toolkit for string theorists today.\n\n", "Q850420": "Giuseppe Donati (2 December 1836 \u2013 14 February 1925) was the inventor of the classical ocarina, a ceramic wind instrument based on the principle of a Helmholtz resonator.\nDonati was born in Budrio. Legend has it that he created his first \"little goose\" (\"ocarina\" in Italian dialect) in 1853, aged 17, whilst still working as a brickmaker. His first ocarina-making workshop was in his hometown of Budrio. When he moved to larger premises in Bologna in 1878, a fellow musician of the Gruppo Ocarinistico, Cesare Vicinelli, continued the Budrio workshop. Donati died, aged 88, in Milan.", "Q125819": "Eric Roberts Laithwaite (14 June 1921 \u2013 27 November 1997) was a British electrical engineer, known as the \"Father of Maglev\" for his development of the linear induction motor and maglev rail system.", "Q103160": "Wilhelm von Gottberg (born 30 March 1940) is a German politician of the Alternative for Germany.Gottberg was born in Woopen in Landkreis Bartenstein (now Kaliningrad Oblast), East Prussia. His family fled from East Prussia during World War II.Gottberg is president of the Territorial Association of East Prussia (since 1992) and Vice President of the Federation of Expellees (since 1992) in Germany. He is also a member of the board of the Ostpreu\u00dfische Kulturstiftung, and was mayor of the community of Schnega in Lower Saxony. Gottberg used to be a member of the Christian Democratic Union, but joined the Alternative for Germany in 2016.", "Q70606": "Mettauertal is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Hottwil, Etzgen, Mettau, Oberhofen and Wil merged to form the new municipality of Mettauertal.", "Q513184": "Dmitry Pavlovich Grigorovich (Ukrainian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447, Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447) (born in Kiev, Russian Empire, now Ukraine, 25 January (6 February) 1883, died 26 July 1938 in Moscow) was a Ukrainian, Russian and Soviet aircraft designer of a number of planes under the Grigorovich name.", "Q64673": "Birrwil is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q275728": "Lois Wilson (June 28, 1894 \u2013 March 3, 1988) was an American actress who worked during the silent film era. She also directed two short films and was a scenario writer.\n\n", "Q773804": "Joe Hill Louis (September 23, 1921 \u2013 August 5, 1957), born Lester Hill, was an American singer, guitarist, harmonica player and one-man band. He was one of a small number of one-man blues bands (along with fellow Memphis bluesman Doctor Ross) to have recorded commercially in the 1950s. He was also a session musician for Sun Records. He recorded as Chicago Sunny Boy for Meteor Records in 1953.", "Q34044": "The Scotland national football team represents Scotland in men's international football and is controlled by the Scottish Football Association. It competes in the three major professional tournaments, the FIFA World Cup, UEFA Nations League and the UEFA European Championship. Scotland, as a country of the United Kingdom, is not a member of the International Olympic Committee and therefore the national team does not compete in the Olympic Games. The majority of Scotland's home matches are played at the national stadium, Hampden Park.\nScotland is the joint oldest national football team in the world, alongside England, whom they played in the world's first international football match in 1872. Scotland has a long-standing rivalry with England, whom they played annually from 1872 until 1989. The teams have met only seven times since then, most recently in June 2017.\nScotland have qualified for the FIFA World Cup on eight occasions and the UEFA European Championship twice, but have never progressed beyond the first group stage of a finals tournament. The last major tournament they qualified for was the 1998 World Cup. The team have achieved some noteworthy results, such as beating the 1966 FIFA World Cup winners England 3\u20132 at Wembley Stadium in 1967. Archie Gemmill scored what has been described as one of the greatest World Cup goals ever in a 3\u20132 win during the 1978 World Cup against the Netherlands, who reached the final of the tournament. In their qualifying group for UEFA Euro 2008, Scotland defeated 2006 World Cup runners-up France 1\u20130 in both fixtures.\nScotland supporters are collectively known as the Tartan Army. The Scottish Football Association operates a roll of honour for every player who has made more than 50 appearances for Scotland. Kenny Dalglish holds the record for Scotland appearances, having played 102 times between 1971 and 1986. Dalglish scored 30 goals for Scotland and shares the record for most goals scored with Denis Law.", "Q54968": "What Will You Do When You Catch Me? is the English title of Co mi zrobisz, jak mnie z\u0142apiesz? a Polish comedy film released in 1978, directed by Stanis\u0142aw Bareja.\nTadeusz Krzakoski (Krzysztof Kowalewski), the director of a failing state-owned company, is married with problems. His mistress, the daughter of a Communist party bigwig, says she's pregnant and Tadeusz knows he'll have to marry her to save his reputation and his job. But divorce is never simple and Bareja's screwball comedies are never boring.\nWhat Will You Do shares many themes in common with Bareja's other comedies, especially Teddy Bear, with an emphasis on the sheer absurdity of life under Communism. The plot is too convoluted to be believed, but the director makes screamingly funny scenes from watching hapless citizens of Warsaw using a glass in a cafeteria that's been chained to the table so it won't be stolen or waiting in line for days to buy furniture.", "Q7107299": "The Osobowice Cemetery (German: Friedhof Oswitz) is a large municipal cemetery in Wroc\u0142aw (the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship), Poland. It is located along Osobowicka 47-59 Street. It covers the area of 52 hectares (130 acres).\nFamous people buried at cemetery include Adolf Anderssen among hundreds of others.", "Q158602": "Four Stars (also known as ****) is a 1967 avant-garde film by Andy Warhol, actually consisting of 25 hours of film. In typical Warhol fashion of the period, each reel of the film is 35 minutes long, or 1200 ft. in length, and is shot in sync-sound.\nThe film's title is a pun on the rating system used by critics to rank films, with \"four stars\" being the highest rating.", "Q62202": "Peter Struck (24 January 1943 \u2013 19 December 2012) was the German Minister of Defence under chancellor Gerhard Schr\u00f6der from 2002 to 2005. A lawyer, Struck was a member of the Social Democratic Party.", "Q7379927": "Runnin' Down a Dream is a 2007 documentary film about Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, directed by Peter Bogdanovich. The 4-hour documentary chronicles the history of the band, from its inception as Mudcrutch, right up to the 30th-anniversary concert in Petty's home town of Gainesville, Florida, on September 21, 2006, at the Stephen C. O'Connell Center, University of Florida. The film features interviews with George Harrison, Eddie Vedder, Stevie Nicks, Dave Grohl, Jeff Lynne, Rick Rubin, Johnny Depp, Jackson Browne and more. Petty's solo career is also touched on, as is his time with The Traveling Wilburys.\nThe film was commercially released as part of a four-disc box set. The film spanned the first two discs, while the 30th anniversary concert and a CD of rare tracks were the components of the remaining two discs. On October 28, 2008, a two-disc version set of the film, featuring previously unreleased bonus performances, but not the Gainesville concert or audio CD, was released to the public. Runnin' Down a Dream was released on Blu-ray Disc on November 15, 2010.", "Q317152": "Paul Lafargue (French: [lafa\u0281g]; 15 January 1842 \u2013 25 November 1911) was a French revolutionary Marxist socialist journalist, literary critic, political writer and activist; he was Karl Marx's son-in-law having married his second daughter, Laura. His best known work is The Right To Be Lazy. Born in Cuba to French and Creole parents, Lafargue spent most of his life in France, with periods in England and Spain. At the age of 69, he and 66-year-old Laura died together by a suicide pact.\nLafargue was the subject of a famous quotation by Karl Marx. Soon before Marx died in 1883, he wrote a letter to Lafargue and the French Workers' Party organizer Jules Guesde, both of whom already claimed to represent \"Marxist\" principles. Marx accused them of \"revolutionary phrase-mongering\" and of denying the value of reformist struggles. This exchange is the source of Marx's remark, reported by Friedrich Engels: \"ce qu'il y a de certain c'est que moi, je ne suis pas Marxiste\" (\"what is certain to me is that [, if they are Marxists, then] I am not [a] Marxist\").", "Q439786": "Salvatore Sciarrino (born April 4, 1947) is an Italian composer of contemporary classical music. Described as \"the best-known and most performed Italian composer\" of the present day, his renowned works include Quaderno di strada (2003) and La porta della legge (2006\u201308).", "Q318261": "Creighton Tull Chaney (February 10, 1906 \u2013 July 12, 1973), known by his stage name Lon Chaney Jr., was an American actor known for playing Larry Talbot in the film The Wolf Man (1941) and its various crossovers, Count Alucard (Dracula spelled backward) in Son of Dracula, Frankenstein's monster in The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942), the Mummy in three pictures, and various other roles in many Universal horror films. He also portrayed Lennie Small in Of Mice and Men (1939) and supporting parts in dozens of mainstream movies. Originally referenced in films as Creighton Chaney, he was later credited as \"Lon Chaney, Jr.\" in 1935, and after Man Made Monster (1941), beginning as early as The Wolf Man later that same year, he was almost always billed under his more famous father's name as Lon Chaney at the studio's insistence. Chaney had English, French, and Irish ancestry, and his career in movies and television spanned four decades, from 1931 to 1971.", "Q54983": "Nie ma r\u00f3\u017cy bez ognia (title in Polish: There is no rose without fire, in reference to two mixed up proverbs \u2013 There is no rose without thorns, and There is no smoke without the fire) is a Polish comedy film from 1974 directed by Stanis\u0142aw Bareja. The subject is the chronic apartment shortage in Communist Poland.\nThe film has been released for the English speaking world with subtitles, under the title: A Jungle Book of Regulations.", "Q45656": "Limoges (, also US: , French: [lim\u0254\u0292] (listen); Occitan: Lem\u00f2tges, locally Lim\u00f2tges [li\u02c8m\u0254dzes]) is a city and commune, the capital of the Haute-Vienne department and was the administrative capital of the former Limousin region in west-central France.\nLimoges is known for its medieval and Renaissance enamels (Limoges enamels) on copper, for its 19th-century porcelain (Limoges porcelain) and for its oak barrels which are used for Cognac and Bordeaux production. Some are even exported to wineries in California. Limoges has also a basketball club, the CSP Limoges which is the only one in France to win the Euroleague in 1993, making CSP the first club of all French collective sports to win a Major European competition.", "Q755196": "Athena is a rock/ska band from Istanbul, Turkey, founded by twin brothers Hakan \u00d6zo\u011fuz (guitar and backing vocals) and G\u00f6khan \u00d6zo\u011fuz (lead vocals and guitar) in 1987. They have released 8 albums and featured as the Turkish entry to the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"For Real\", finishing fourth.", "Q429595": "Jonathan Manu Bennett (born 10 October 1969) is a New Zealand actor. He is primarily known for portraying characters in epic fantasy works, such as Crixus in the TV series Spartacus, Allanon in The Shannara Chronicles, Slade Wilson / Deathstroke in Arrow, and Azog the Defiler in the Hobbit film trilogy.", "Q75795": "Adolf Zeising (24 September 1810 \u2013 27 April 1876) was a German psychologist, whose main interests were mathematics and philosophy.\nAmong his theories, Zeising claimed to have found the golden ratio expressed in the arrangement of branches along the stems of plants and of veins in leaves. He extended his research to the skeletons of animals and the branchings of their veins and nerves, to the proportions of chemical compounds and the geometry of crystals, even to the use of proportion in artistic endeavors. In these phenomena he saw the golden ratio operating as a universal law,\nthe universal law in which is contained the ground-principle of all formative striving for beauty and completeness in the realms of both nature and art, and which permeates, as a paramount spiritual ideal, all structures, forms and proportions, whether cosmic or individual, organic or inorganic, acoustic or optical; which finds its fullest realization, however, in the human form.\nMany of his studies were followed by Gustav Fechner and Le Corbusier, who elaborated his studies of human proportion to develop the Modulor.", "Q502062": "Star Trek: Phase II was the initial working title for what officially became titled Star Trek II, an unproduced American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry as a sequel to and continuation of the original Star Trek, which had run from 1966 to 1969. The plans for the series were first developed after several failed attempts to create a feature film based on the property, coupled with plans for a Paramount Television Service (PTS) as a fourth broadcast television network in the United States.\nBoth PTS and the Star Trek revival were announced in early June, 1977, with PTS to debut as one evening of programming each Saturday night and to gradually expand to other nights; a strategy successfully employed by the Fox Broadcasting Company a decade later. Star Trek: Phase II was to be the flagship show, and be broadcast at 8pm EST, followed by a movie of the week starting at 9pm. The initial order was for a two-hour pilot, followed by 13 hour-long episodes.\nWith the exception of Leonard Nimoy as Mr. Spock, who had ongoing disputes with Roddenberry and Paramount, the entire regular and recurring cast of The Original Series were contracted to return, notably William Shatner as Captain Kirk. Three new and younger regular characters were created, science officer Lt. Xon, navigator Lt. Ilia, and ship's executive officer Willard Decker.\nBehind the cameras, Roddenberry recruited Trek-novices Harold Livingston and Robert Goodwin as producers. Veterans of The Original Series were few, and included costume designer William Ware Theiss and illustrator Mike Minor. Art director Matt Jefferies was otherwise employed and brought in as a \"technical advisor\" and to update the design of the starship USS Enterprise. Special effects (on set) were to be by Jim Rugg. \nScience fiction novelist Alan Dean Foster received the assignment to write the story outline for the two-hour pilot, but, with a looming production deadline and unable to find a suitable writer to develop this story into a teleplay, Harold Livingston took on the writing job himself. Of the remaining 12 script assignments handed out, about half were to veterans of The Original Series.\nPre-production began in earnest, with the emphasis on what would be the standing sets of the Enterprise, which differed radically in layout, design and detailing from those for The Original Series. Many costumes and props, too, were designed. \nUltimately, Paramount's plans for its network and Star Trek's TV return faltered, as the low anticipated advertising revenues for the Paramount Television Service indicated that it was not viable, and the Paramount Pictures parent company Gulf and Western's chairman, Charles Bluhdorn, refused to back the plan, resulting in eventual exit of Paramount chief executive officer Barry Diller. In August 1977 Paramount president Michael Eisner announced\u2014internally\u2014that the two-hour pilot script was the to be the long sought-after feature film story. However, In order to prevent negative publicity, the \"cancellation\" of the series and network was not immediately disclosed and development of the series and its scripts continued for a further five months, during which time tests were filmed on the incomplete Enterprise sets in widescreen format, a clear indication that whatever Star Trek was going to be was not a TV movie.\nOn March 28, 1978, any illusions that Star Trek would be returning to television were ended when Paramount announced that instead of a series it would be producing what became the big budget film titled Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979), which was itself a massive reworking of the \"In Thy Image\" two-hour movie script.\nPreproduction work on the series did not entirely go to waste. The standing Enterprise sets would be extensively reworked for the film (and its eventual sequels), and an unfinished admiral's office set's walls became part of the Enterprise cargo deck. However, the visual effects people hired for the feature film decided that the miniatures under construction were not up to the standards of a post-Star Wars feature, and all were scrapped. Director Robert Collins, who had been hired to direct the pilot, and promised he was to direct the feature, was replaced by Robert Wise.\nThe characters of Xon, Decker and Ilia were later influential in the development of characters on Star Trek: The Next Generation, and two of the scripts written for Phase II would be re-developed for use in that series. In January 1995, Paramount launched its own network, the United Paramount Network (UPN), which then launched the Star Trek: Voyager series.", "Q64840": "For the Swiss race driver see Natacha Gachnang.Gachnang is a municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q212980": "A psychologist studies normal and abnormal mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior by experimenting with, and observing, interpreting, and recording how individuals relate to one another and to their environments. Most psychologists need a license to practice psychology. Typically, psychologists need a doctoral degree in psychology, although a master's degree is sufficient in some situations. Licensing and regulations can vary by country and profession.\nPsychologists can work in applied or academic settings. Academic psychologists educate higher-education students as well as conduct research, with graduate-level research being an important part of academic psychology. Academic positions can be tenured or non-tenured, with tenured positions being highly desirable. Applied psychology applies theory to solve problems in human and animal behavior. Clinical psychology and Counseling psychology are two fields of applied psychology that focus on therapeutic methods. Other applied fields such as industrial and organizational psychology, forensic psychology, and others, aim to solve problems in business, government, industry, and similar fields.", "Q483568": "Aria The Scarlet Ammo (Japanese: \u7dcb\u5f3e\u306e\u30a2\u30ea\u30a2, Hepburn: Hidan no Aria) is a Japanese light novel series written by Ch\u016bgaku Akamatsu and illustrated by Kobuichi. As of June 2019, 31 volumes have been published by Media Factory under their MF Bunko J label. A manga adaptation by Yoshino Koyoka started serialization in the seinen manga magazine Monthly Comic Alive on September 26, 2009. An anime adaptation aired between April and June 2011. An original video animation (OVA) episode was released on December 21, 2011. A spin-off manga titled Aria the Scarlet Ammo AA by Shogako Tachibana began serialization in Square Enix's Young Gangan magazine on November 5, 2010, with an anime adaptation by Doga Kobo airing from October 6, 2015.\n\n", "Q641691": "The League of Communists of Yugoslavia, known until 1952 as the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, was the founding and ruling party of SFR Yugoslavia. It was formed in 1919 as the main communist opposition party in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and after its initial successes in the elections, it was proscribed by the royal government and was at times harshly and violently suppressed. It remained an illegal underground group until World War II when, after the Invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941, the military arm of the party, the Yugoslav Partisans, became embroiled in a bloody civil war and defeated the Axis powers and their local auxiliaries. After the liberation from foreign occupation in 1945, the party consolidated its power and established a single-party state, which existed until the 1990 breakup of Yugoslavia.\nThe party, which was led by Josip Broz Tito from 1937 to 1980, was the first communist party in power in the history of the Eastern Bloc that openly opposed the Soviet Union and thus was expelled from the Cominform in 1948 in what is known as the Tito\u2013Stalin Split. After internal purges of pro-Soviet members, the party renamed itself the League of Communists and adopted the politics of workers' self-management and independent communism, known as Titoism.", "Q7230": "Emperor Xuan of Han (91 BC \u2013 10 January 48 BC), born Liu Bingyi (\u5289\u75c5\u5df2) and later renamed to Liu Xun (\u5289\u8a62), was the tenth emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty, reigning from 74 to 48 BC, and was one of the only four Western Han emperors to receive a temple name (along with Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Wen and Emperor Wu). During his reign, the Han dynasty prospered economically and militarily became the regional superpower, and was considered by many to be the peak period of the entire Han history. He was succeeded by his son Emperor Yuan after his death in 48 BC.\nEmperor Xuan's life story was a riches-to-rags-to-riches story. He was born a prince as the great-grandson of Emperor Wu. His grandfather Liu Ju, was the son of Emperor Wu and Empress Wei and the crown prince of the Han Empire, who in 91 BC was framed for witchcraft practice against Emperor Wu and committed suicide after being forced into a failed uprising. His father Liu Jin (\u5289\u9032) also died in that turmoil, along with the rest of his family. Emperor Xuan was only a months-old infant at the time and only survived due to the protection of the sympathetic prison warden Bing Ji, and lived his youth as a commoner after being released by a nationwide amnesty from Emperor Wu in 87 BC. After Liu He's short 27-day reign in 74 BC, the 17-year-old Liu Bingyi was selected by Huo Guang (the half-brother of Liu Bingyi's great-cousin Huo Qubing) for the throne, inheriting the crown that ironically would have been his anyway if his grandfather's turmoil in 91 BC hadn't happened.\nEmperor Xuan has been considered a hardworking and brilliant ruler by historians. Because he grew up among commoners, he thoroughly understood the suffering of the grassroot population, and lowered taxes, liberalized the government and employed capable ministers to the government. He was said by Liu Xiang to have been fond of reading the works of Shen Buhai, using Xing-Ming to control his subordinates and devoting much time to legal cases. Emperor Xuan was open to suggestions, was a good judge of character, and consolidated his power by eliminating corrupt officials, including the Huo family who had exerted considerable power since the death of Emperor Wu, after Huo Guang's death. However, his execution of the entire Huo clan later drew heavy criticism from historians (e.g. Sima Guang in his Zizhi Tongjian) for being \"ungrateful\" to the late Huo Guang.", "Q1899": "Kiev or Kyiv (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432, romanized: Kyiv; Russian: \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432, romanized: Kiyev) is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. Its population in July 2015 was 2,887,974 (though higher estimated numbers have been cited in the press), making Kiev the sixth-most populous city in Europe.Kiev is an important industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of Eastern Europe. It is home to many high-tech industries, higher education institutions, and historical landmarks. The city has an extensive system of public transport and infrastructure, including the Kiev Metro.\nThe city's name is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of its four legendary founders. During its history, Kiev, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of prominence and obscurity. The city probably existed as a commercial center as early as the 5th century. A Slavic settlement on the great trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople, Kiev was a tributary of the Khazars, until its capture by the Varangians (Vikings) in the mid-9th century. Under Varangian rule, the city became a capital of the Kievan Rus', the first East Slavic state. Completely destroyed during the Mongol invasions in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. It was a provincial capital of marginal importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbours, first Lithuania, then Poland and Russia.The city prospered again during the Russian Empire's Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century. In 1918, after the Ukrainian National Republic declared independence from Soviet Russia, Kiev became its capital. From 1921 onwards Kiev was a city of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was proclaimed by the Red Army, and, from 1934, Kiev was its capital. The city was almost completely ruined during World War II but quickly recovered in the postwar years, remaining the Soviet Union's third-largest city.\nFollowing the collapse of the Soviet Union and Ukrainian independence in 1991, Kiev remained Ukraine's capital and experienced a steady influx of ethnic Ukrainian migrants from other regions of the country. During the country's transformation to a market economy and electoral democracy, Kiev has continued to be Ukraine's largest and wealthiest city. Its armament-dependent industrial output fell after the Soviet collapse, adversely affecting science and technology, but new sectors of the economy such as services and finance facilitated Kiev's growth in salaries and investment, as well as providing continuous funding for the development of housing and urban infrastructure. Kiev emerged as the most pro-Western region of Ukraine; parties advocating tighter integration with the European Union dominate during elections.", "Q552655": "Baudouin Prot (born 24 May 1951) is a French economist who served as chairman of BNP Paribas' Board of Directors till 1 December 2014. He is currently a Senior Advisor at Boston Consulting Group and Partners Group.", "Q87503": "Josef Georg H\u00f6rl (22 August 1722 \u2013 9 December 1806) was an Austrian lawyer, serving as mayor of Vienna from 1773 to 1804. He is also considered to be the longest-serving mayor of Vienna.H\u00f6rl's tenure saw the creation of three theatres - the Theater auf der Wieden (1787), the Theater in der Josefstadt (1788), and the Theater an der Wien (1801). In September 1791 the Theater auf der Wieden saw the premiere of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera The Magic Flute. Emanuel Schikaneder's troupe moved to the Theater an der Wien when it opened in 1801, and the Theater auf der Wieden was converted into apartments.\nH\u00f6rl was appointed to the position of Mayor of Vienna in 1773 by Empress Maria Theresia. In 1780 Emperor Joseph II elevated him to the rank of k.k. Rat (Imperial Advisor) and invited him to participate in his Magistratsreform, which was introduced in 1783 and remained in force until 1850. During this period the municipal administration of Vienna, the Magistrat (with 42 Magistratsr\u00e4te), was divided into three independent 'Senates', with the mayor as the overall executive leader. The 'Senat in publico-politicis et oeconomicis' was responsible for the municipal administration and finances, the 'Senat in judicialibus criminalibus' oversaw criminal law and the 'Senat in judicialibus civilibus' oversaw civil law. The mayor in person chaired the first of these Senates, the other two were chaired by depute mayors. The Magistratsr\u00e4te, the depute mayors and the mayor were elected for four years at a time by the \u00c4u\u00dferer Rat, a committee of Viennese citizens, and their appointment had to be ratified by the Government. The citizens' committee, originally with 95 members, was for its part elected by the Magistratsr\u00e4te.\nWith this reform Joseph II in effect incorporated the municipal administration into the centralised system of an absolutist state, thereby successfully preventing the citizens of Vienna from attaining political independence.", "Q1018976": "The B\u00e4lmeten (2,416 m) is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, overlooking Erstfeld in the canton of Uri. It lies west of the Hoch Fulen, in the group north-west of the Gross Windg\u00e4llen.", "Q901848": "Daniel Patrick \"Danny\" Lohner (born December 13, 1970), frequently known as Renhold\u00ebr, is an American musician. He worked with Trent Reznor on numerous occasions, both with Nine Inch Nails and on the now defunct Tapeworm project. He has also played for Methods of Mayhem, and in the past was one of the founding members of industrial-thrash outlet Skrew, as well as one of the members of the Texas thrash metal band Angkor Wat.", "Q88630": "Rudi Krausmann (23 July 1933 in Mauerkirchen, Salzburg \u2013 15 March 2019 in Sydney) was an Austrian born Australian playwright and poet.", "Q335495": "Ismail Gaspirali (also written as Gasprinskiy and Gasprinskii: Crimean Tatar: \u0130smail Gasp\u0131ral\u0131, Russian: \u0418\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0413\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 20 March [O.S. 8 March] 1851 \u2013 24 September [O.S. 11 September] 1914) was a Crimean Tatar intellectual, educator, publisher and Pan-Turkist politician who inspired the Jadidist movement in Central Asia. He was one of the first Muslim intellectuals in the Russian Empire, who realized the need for education and cultural reform and modernization of the Turkic and Islamic communities. His last name comes from the town of Gaspra in Crimea.\n\n", "Q61938": "Hannelore Kraft (n\u00e9e K\u00fclzhammer; born 12 June 1961) is a German politician. She served as the Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2010 until 2017. Kraft was the first woman to serve as head of government of this state and was the third woman to become head of a state government in Germany. Between 1 November 2010 and 31 October 2011, she was the President of the Bundesrat, again the first woman to hold the office. She is the former leader of the SPD North Rhine-Westphalia and served on the SPD's federal executive from November 2009 until May 2017, and was one of the four federal deputy chairs.\n\n", "Q16568": "Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida as well as the southeastern United States, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. It is the seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968. Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits. As of 2018, Jacksonville's population was estimated to be 903,889. The Jacksonville metropolitan area has a population of 1,523,615 and is the fourth largest metropolitan area in Florida.Jacksonville is centered on the banks of the St. Johns River in the First Coast region of northeast Florida, about 25 miles (40 km) south of the Georgia state line and 328 miles (528 km) north of Miami. The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast. The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people, and in 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline, one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States. Under British rule, a settlement grew at the narrow point in the river where cattle crossed, known as Wacca Pilatka to the Seminole and the Cow Ford to the British. A platted town was established there in 1822, a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain; it was named after Andrew Jackson, the first military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh President of the United States.\nHarbor improvements since the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deep-water port. Its riverine location facilitates Naval Station Mayport, Naval Air Station Jacksonville, the U.S. Marine Corps Blount Island Command, and the Port of Jacksonville, Florida's third largest seaport. Jacksonville's military bases and the nearby Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay form the third largest military presence in the United States. Significant factors in the local economy include services such as banking, insurance, healthcare and logistics. As with much of Florida, tourism is important to the Jacksonville area, particularly tourism related to golf. People from Jacksonville may be called \"Jacksonvillians\" or \"Jaxsons\" (also spelled \"Jaxons\").", "Q67391": "Hermrigen is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q643086": "Joseph Quincy Mitchell (July 27, 1908 \u2013 May 24, 1996) was an American writer best known for his works of creative nonfiction he published in The New Yorker. His work primarily consists of character studies, where he used detailed portraits of people and events to highlight the commonplace of the world, especially in and around New York City.", "Q293520": "Ab\u016b \u1e24an\u012bfah A\u1e25mad ibn D\u0101w\u016bd D\u012bnawar\u012b (815\u2013896 CE, Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0648\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200e, Kurdish D\u00eenewer\u00ee) was an Iranian Islamic Golden Age polymath, astronomer, agriculturist, botanist, metallurgist, geographer, mathematician, and historian. His ancestry came from the region of Dinawar, in Kermanshah in modern-day western Iran. He was instructed in the two main traditions of the Abbasid-era grammarians of al-Ba\u1e63rah and of al-K\u016bfah. His principal teachers were Ibn al-Sikk\u012bt and his own father. He studied grammar, philology, geometry, arithmetic, and astronomy and was known to be a reliable traditionist.\nHis most renowned contribution is Book of Plants, for which he is considered the founder of Arabic botany.\nDinawari was said to have been of Persian origin. Although he was also said to have been Kurdish, or Arab of Persian ancestry. He may have studied astronomy in Isfahan..", "Q58161": "Paulo de Sacadura Cabral Portas (born 12 September 1962, Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8pawlu \u02c8p\u0254\u027et\u0250\u0283]), is a Portuguese media and political figure, who has, since the 1990s, been one of Portugal's leading conservative politicians. He was the leader of one of Portugal's right-wing parties, the CDS \u2013 People's Party (CDS-PP) from 1998\u20132005 and 2007\u20132016, on whose lists he was elected to the Portuguese Parliament in every legislative election between 1995 and 2015. He was Deputy Prime Minister from 2013 to 2015, Minister of State and Foreign Affairs from 2011 to 2013, and Minister of Defence from 2002 to 2005, all three times in coalitions of the PSD and his CDS-PP. Portas withdrew from politics in 2016.", "Q4739": "The Oranges is a 2011 American romantic comedy-drama directed by Julian Farino and starring Hugh Laurie, Leighton Meester, Catherine Keener, Oliver Platt, Allison Janney, Alia Shawkat, and Adam Brody. The film chronicles how two families deal with a scandal involving a married man and his friends' daughter. Set in The Oranges area of Essex County, New Jersey, The Oranges was primarily filmed in New Rochelle, New York. It premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2011, and was released in the United States on October 5, 2012, by ATO Pictures. The film received mixed reviews upon its release.", "Q70835": "Georg Ludwig Hartig (September 2, 1764 \u2013 February 2, 1837) was a German forester.", "Q633561": "The University of Zaragoza, sometimes referred to as Saragossa University (in Spanish: Universidad de Zaragoza) is a university located in Zaragoza, in the Aragon region of Spain. Founded in 1542, it is one of the oldest universities in Spain, with a history dating back to the Roman period. The university has over 40,000 students in its 22 faculties. It is the only public university in the region, and its activity is spread along the three provinces of Aragon, with teaching campuses and research centres in Huesca, Teruel and Zaragoza.", "Q355361": "Sam Huntington (born April 1, 1982) is an American actor. He is best known for his starring role as Josh Levison, a werewolf in the Syfy series Being Human, and for his role as Jimmy Olsen in the superhero film Superman Returns. For its two seasons from September 2015 to April 2017, Huntington had a recurring role on the Fox series Rosewood. He also played Mimi-Siku Cromwell in the Disney movie Jungle 2 Jungle. He played Ox in Not Another Teen Movie. He also had a cameo in the December 2017 USA Network TV-film Psych: The Movie.", "Q197098": "Zeyyat Selimo\u011flu (Istanbul, March 31, 1922- ibidem, July 1, 2000) was a Turkish writer and translator.He studied at the Deutsche Schule Istanbul and at the Istanbul University Faculty of Law.\nHe translated Heinrich B\u00f6ll, Friedrich D\u00fcrrenmatt or Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to Turkish language.", "Q92668": "Robert William Scheifler (born June 24, 1954, Kirkwood, Missouri) is an American computer scientist. He is most notable for leading the development of the X Window System from the project's inception in 1984 until the closure of the MIT X Consortium in 1996. He later\nbecame one of the architects of the Jini architecture at Sun Microsystems.Bob has stated that his goal in developing the X Window System was to raise the floor in windowing systems for the entire market, and despite its early adoption primarily by commercial players with proprietary extensions, X ended up as a standard, open system. X is an important part of Linux to this day. \nScheifler holds a B.S. in Mathematics and an M.S. in computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.\n\n", "Q4718459": "Alexander Bryson FRSE FGS FRSSA FSAScot FRPSE (12 October 1816 \u2013 7 December 1866) was a Scottish biologist, geologist and horologist who served as president of the Royal Scottish Society of Arts (1860\u201361) and as president of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh (1863).", "Q17676": "Nora Stanton Blatch Barney (September 30, 1883 \u2013 January 18, 1971) was an English-born U.S. civil engineer, architect, and suffragist. Barney was among the first women to graduate with an engineering degree in United States. Given an ultimatum to either stay a wife or practice engineering she chose engineering. She was the granddaughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton.\n\n", "Q963015": "Keith Spencer Waterhouse (6 February 1929 \u2013 4 September 2009) was a British novelist and newspaper columnist, and the writer of many television series.", "Q122623": "Men of War is a 1994 action film directed by Perry Lang, written by John Sayles, and revised by Ethan Reiff and Cyrus Voris. It stars Dolph Lundgren as Nick Gunar, a former Special Ops soldier who leads a group of mercenaries to a treasure island in the South China Sea.\n\n", "Q207355": "John Dowland (1563 \u2013 buried 20 February 1626) was an English Renaissance composer, lutenist, and singer. He is best known today for his melancholy songs such as \"Come, heavy sleep\", \"Come again\", \"Flow my tears\", \"I saw my Lady weepe\" and \"In darkness let me dwell\", but his instrumental music has undergone a major revival, and with the 20th century's early music revival, has been a continuing source of repertoire for lutenists and classical guitarists.", "Q85472": "Franz von Hartig (1789-1865) was an Austrian statesman.", "Q190091": "Harthacnut (Danish: Hardeknud; \"Tough-knot\"; c. 1018 \u2013 8 June 1042), sometimes referred to as Canute III, was King of Denmark from 1035 to 1042 and King of England from 1040 to 1042.\nHe was the son of King Cnut the Great (who ruled Denmark, Norway, and England) and Emma of Normandy. When Cnut died in 1035, Harthacnut struggled to retain his father's possessions. Magnus I took control of Norway, but Harthacnut succeeded as King of Denmark and became King of England in 1040 after the death of his half-brother Harold Harefoot.\nHarthacnut died suddenly in 1042 and was succeeded by Magnus in Denmark and Edward the Confessor in England. Harthacnut was the last Scandinavian to rule England.", "Q132430": "Karl-Heinz Urban (born 7 June 1972) is an actor from New Zealand. His career began with appearances in New Zealand films and TV series such as Xena: Warrior Princess. His first Hollywood role was in the 2002 horror film Ghost Ship. Since then, he has appeared in many high-profile movies, including the second and third instalments of The Lord of the Rings trilogy in the role of \u00c9omer. He has also portrayed Leonard McCoy in the Star Trek reboot film series, Vaako in the Riddick film series, and Judge Dredd in Dredd. Since 2019, he has starred as Billy Butcher in Amazon's web television series The Boys.", "Q322857": "Thomas Kakuska (born Vienna; August 25, 1940 \u2013 July 4, 2005) was an Austrian viola player, best known as the violist of the Alban Berg Quartett from 1981 until his death in Vienna in 2005.\nKakuska was a professor at the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna from 1971, and a visiting professor at the University of Cologne in Germany from 1993.\nFollowing his death, Kakuska's close friend, the composer Hilda Paredes, wrote In Memoriam Thomas Kakuska for solo violin, which was given its premiere performance by her husband, Irvine Arditti, at a memorial concert in Vienna in 2006.", "Q103835": "Peter Joseph William Debye (; Dutch: [d\u0259\u02c8b\u025bi\u0259]; March 24, 1884 \u2013 November 2, 1966) was a Dutch-American physicist and physical chemist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.\n\n", "Q95661": "Claus Helmut Drese (25 December 1922, in Aachen \u2013 10 February 2011, in Horgen, Switzerland) was a German opera and theatre administrator, and author.", "Q83003": "Antonio Francesco Gramsci (UK: , US: , Italian: [an\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0njo fran\u02c8t\u0283esko \u02c8\u0261ram\u0283i] (listen); 22 January 1891 \u2013 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist philosopher and communist politician. He wrote on political theory, sociology and linguistics. He attempted to break from the economic determinism of traditional Marxist thought and so is considered a key neo-Marxist. He was a founding member and one-time leader of the Communist Party of Italy and was imprisoned by Benito Mussolini's Fascist regime.\nGramsci wrote more than 30 notebooks and 3,000 pages of history and analysis during his imprisonment. His Prison Notebooks are considered a highly original contribution to 20th century political theory.\nGramsci drew insights from varying sources \u2013 not only other Marxists but also thinkers such as Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli, Vilfredo Pareto, Georges Sorel and Benedetto Croce. The notebooks cover a wide range of topics, including Italian history and nationalism, the French Revolution, fascism, Fordism, civil society, folklore, religion and high and popular culture.\nGramsci is best known for his theory of cultural hegemony, which describes how the state and ruling capitalist class \u2013 the bourgeoisie \u2013 use cultural institutions to maintain power in capitalist societies. The bourgeoisie, in Gramsci's view, develops a hegemonic culture using ideology rather than violence, economic force, or coercion. Hegemonic culture propagates its own values and norms so that they become the \"common sense\" values of all and thus maintain the status quo. Hegemonic power is therefore used to maintain consent to the capitalist order, rather than coercive power using force to maintain order. This cultural hegemony is produced and reproduced by the dominant class through the institutions that form the superstructure.\n\n", "Q57534": "Mohammed Yousef el-Magariaf (also written as Magariaf, Elmegaryaf or Almegaryaf) or, as he writes on his official website, Dr. Mohamed Yusuf Al Magariaf (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0641\u200e; born 1940), is a Libyan politician who served as the President of the General National Congress from its first meeting in August 2012 until his resignation in May 2013. In this role he was effectively Libya's de facto head of state, until his resignation in May 2013.Magariaf is the leader of the National Front Party, which won three seats in the 2012 election, and he was previously well known for having founded and been the first leader of the National Front for the Salvation of Libya against the regime of Muammar Gaddafi.", "Q188806": "Kitakyushu (Japanese: \u5317\u4e5d\u5dde\u5e02, Hepburn: Kitaky\u016bsh\u016b-shi) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. \nAs of June 1, 2019, Kitakyushu has an estimated population of 940,978, making it the second-largest city in both Fukuoka Prefecture and the island of Kyushu after the city of Fukuoka. It is one of Japan's 20 designated cities, one of three on Kyushu, and is divided into 7 wards. \nKitakyushu was formed in 1963 from a merger of municipalities centered on the historic city of Kokura, and its name literally means \"North Kyushu City\" in Japanese. It is located at the northernmost point of Kyushu on the Kanmon Straits, separating the island from Honshu, across from the city of Shimonoseki. Kitakyushu and Shimonoseki are connected by numerous transport links including the Kanmon Bridge and the Kanmon Tunnel. Kitakyushu's Urban Employment Area forms part of the Fukuoka-Kitakyushu Greater Metropolitan Region, which, with a population of 5,738,977 (2005-2006), is the largest metropolitan area in Japan west of the Keihanshin region.", "Q66931": "Bernhard Wolff (3 March 1811 \u2013 11 May 1879) was a German media mogul. He was editor of the Vossische Zeitung, founder of the National Zeitung (1848\u20131938), and founder of Wolffs Telegraphisches Bureau (1849\u20131934), one of the first press agencies in Europe and one of the three great European telegraph monopolies until the World War II-era, the other two being the English Reuters and the French Havas.", "Q18630638": "The Schwyz Alps (German: Schwyzer Alpen) are a mountain range in Switzerland. They form part of the North-Eastern Swiss Alps and are bordered by the Glarus Alps to the east, the Appenzell Alps to the north-east, the Emmental Alps in the west, and the Uri Alps to the south-west. The Klausen Pass is the highest point between the Schwyz Alps and the Glarus Alps.\nThe Schwyzer Alps extend beyond the boundaries of the canton of Schwyz, including parts of the cantons of Glarus, Luzern, Uri and Zug. The highest point in the Schwyzer Alps is the Gl\u00e4rnisch, at an elevation of 2,915 metres (9,564 ft), which actually lies within the canton of Glarus. Just south of the Gl\u00e4rnisch is the B\u00f6s Fulen, the highest point in the canton of Schwyz.", "Q576085": "Fran\u00e7ois Berl\u00e9and (French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa b\u025b\u0281le\u0251\u0303]; born 22 April 1952) is a French actor.\nHe plays Gilles Triquet, the officer manager and equivalent of David Brent in Le Bureau, the French version of The Office, produced by Canal+. He released a book about his childhood in 2006, Le fils de l'homme invisible (The son of the invisible man). He also appeared in the 2002 film The Transporter as the French commissaire named Tarconi, an active and honest police officer who is an acquaintance of Frank Martin (Jason Statham). He reprised the role in the sequels Transporter 2 and Transporter 3 and the TV series.", "Q437": "Ljubljana (UK: , US: , Slovene: [lju\u02c8blj\u00e0\u02d0na] (listen), locally also [lu\u02c8bl\u00e0\u02d0na]; also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia. It has been the cultural, educational, economic, political, and administrative centre of independent Slovenia since 1991.\nDuring antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the area. Ljubljana itself was first mentioned in the first half of the 12th century. Situated at the middle of a trade route between the northern Adriatic Sea and the Danube region, it was the historical capital of Carniola, one of the Slovene-inhabited parts of the Habsburg Monarchy. It was under Habsburg rule from the Middle Ages until the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. After World War II, Ljubljana became the capital of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia, part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It retained this status until Slovenia became independent in 1991 and Ljubljana became the capital of the newly formed state.", "Q93210": "Arnsdorf is a municipality in the district of Bautzen, in Saxony, Germany.\nArnsdorf (b Dresden) railway station is located in the southern part of the village and located at G\u00f6rlitz\u2013Dresden and Kamenz\u2013Pirna railway lines.", "Q165568": "Pope John XXII (Latin: Ioannes XXII; 1244 \u2013 4 December 1334), born Jacques Du\u00e8ze (or d'Euse), was head of the Catholic Church from 7 August 1316 to his death.\nHe was the second and longest-reigning Avignon Pope, elected by the Conclave of Cardinals, which was assembled in Lyon through the work of King Louis X's brother Philip, the Count of Poitiers, later King Philip V of France. Like his predecessor, Clement V, Pope John centralized power and income in the Papacy and lived a princely life in Avignon. He opposed the political policies of Louis IV of Bavaria as Holy Roman Emperor, which prompted Louis to invade Italy and set up an antipope, Nicholas V.\nPope John XXII faced controversy in theology involving his views on the Beatific Vision, and he opposed the Franciscan understanding of the poverty of Christ and his apostles, famously leading William of Ockham to write against unlimited papal power. He canonized St. Thomas Aquinas.", "Q87265": "Peter F. Wolf (born August 26, 1952) is a composer, producer, songwriter and arranger. In 2002, he was awarded the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class (\u00d6sterreichische Ehrenkreuz f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Kunst). Wolf is married to fashion model and songwriter Lea Wolf-Millesi.", "Q234947": "Rachel Clare Hurd-Wood (born 17 August 1990) is an English actress and model, best known for her film roles as Wendy Darling in Peter Pan (2003), Corrie McKenzie in Tomorrow, When the War Began (2010), Sibyl Vane in Dorian Gray (2009), and her television role as Rachel Maddox in Clique (2017\u2013present).", "Q169352": "Zeami Motokiyo (\u4e16\u963f\u5f25 \u5143\u6e05) (c. 1363 \u2013 c. 1443), also called Kanze Motokiyo (\u89b3\u4e16 \u5143\u6e05), was a Japanese aesthetician, actor, and playwright. His father, Kan'ami, introduced him to Noh theater performance at a young age, and found that he was a skilled actor. Kan'ami was also skilled in acting and formed a family theater ensemble. As it grew in popularity, Zeami had the opportunity to perform in front of the Sh\u014dgun, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu. The Sh\u014dgun was impressed by the young actor and began to compose a love affair with him. Zeami was introduced to Yoshimitsu's court and was provided with an education in classical literature and philosophy while continuing to act. In 1374, Zeami received patronage and made acting his career. After the death of his father in 1385, he led the family troupe, a role in which he found greater success.\nZeami mixed a variety of Classical and Modern themes in his writing, and made use of Japanese and Chinese traditions. He incorporated numerous themes of Zen Buddhism into his works and later commentators have debated the extent of his personal interest in Zen. The exact number of plays that he wrote is unknown, but is likely to be between 30 and 50. He wrote many treatises about Noh, discussing the philosophy of performance. These treatises are the oldest known works on the philosophy of drama in Japanese literature, but did not see popular circulation until the 20th-century.\nAfter the death of Yoshimitsu, his successor Ashikaga Yoshimochi was less favorable to Zeami's drama. Zeami successfully sought out patronage from wealthy merchants and continued his career under their support. He became well-known and well-respected in Japanese society. Ashikaga Yoshinori became hostile toward Zeami after becoming Sh\u014dgun in 1429. Yoshinori held Zeami's nephew Onnami in high regard, and disagreed with Zeami's refusal to declare Onnami his successor as leader of his troupe. Possibly due to this disagreement, though a variety of competing theories have been advanced, Yoshinori sent Zeami into exile to Sado Island. After Yoshinori's death in 1441, Zeami returned to mainland Japan, where he died in 1443.", "Q192686": "Prometheus ( pr\u0259-MEE-thee-\u0259s) is a 2012 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott, written by Jon Spaihts and Damon Lindelof and starring Noomi Rapace, Michael Fassbender, Guy Pearce, Idris Elba, Logan Marshall-Green, and Charlize Theron. It is set in the late 21st century and centers on the crew of the spaceship Prometheus as it follows a star map discovered among the artifacts of several ancient Earth cultures. Seeking the origins of humanity, the crew arrives on a distant world and discovers a threat that could cause the extinction of the human species.\nDevelopment of the film began in the early 2000s as a fifth installment in the Alien franchise. Scott and director James Cameron developed ideas for a film that would serve as a prequel to Scott's 1979 science-fiction horror film Alien. In 2002, the development of Alien vs. Predator took precedence, and the project remained dormant until 2009 when Scott again showed interest. Spaihts wrote a script for a prequel to the events of the Alien films, but Scott opted for a different direction to avoid repeating cues from those films. In late 2010, Lindelof joined the project to rewrite Spaihts's script, and he and Scott developed a story that precedes the story of Alien but is not directly connected to that franchise. According to Scott, although the film shares \"strands of Alien's DNA, so to speak\", and takes place in the same universe, Prometheus explores its own mythology and ideas.\nPrometheus entered production in April 2010, with extensive design phases during which the technology and creatures that the film required were developed. Principal photography began in March 2011, with an estimated $120\u2013130 million budget. The project was shot using 3D cameras throughout, almost entirely on practical sets, and on location in England, Iceland, Spain, and Scotland. It was promoted with a marketing campaign that included viral activities on the web. Three videos featuring the film's leading actors in character, which expanded on elements of the fictional universe, were released and met with a generally positive reception and awards.\nPrometheus was released on June 1, 2012, in the United Kingdom and on June 8, 2012, in North America. The film was praised for the designs, production values and cast performances, but received criticism for formulaic and unresolved plot points. The film grossed over $403 million worldwide. A sequel, Alien: Covenant, was released in May 2017.", "Q117698": "Beyond the Mat is a 1999 American documentary film directed, written, produced and narrated by Barry W. Blaustein. The film focuses on the lives of professional wrestlers outside of the ring, primarily Mick Foley, Terry Funk, and Jake Roberts, as well as some aspiring wrestlers. It focuses on the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) during its rise in popularity, and many other independent wrestlers and organizations. The film was originally released in U.S. theaters in March 2000, and later on VHS and DVD.", "Q919961": "Regan Farquhar (born February 12, 1978), better known by his stage name Busdriver, is an American rapper and producer from Los Angeles, California. He has collaborated with rappers such as Myka 9, Milo, Nocando, Open Mike Eagle, 2Mex, and Radioinactive. His primary producers have been Daedelus, Boom Bip, Daddy Kev, Loden, Paris Zax, Omid, and Nobody. He has also worked with D-Styles on two albums.", "Q88156": "Willi Birkelbach (12 January 1913 17 July 2008) was a West German politician (SPD). He was a member of the West German Bundestag (national parliament) between 1949 and 1964. Between 1952 and 1964 he also served as an increasingly prominent Member of the European Parliament (and its precursor body).In 1971 he became the first ever Ombudsman for Data protection in the State of Hessen. The title of the post has changed, most recently in Germany, to Datenschutzbeauftragter (loosely, \"Data Protection officer\"). Hessen was the first state in West Germany to appoint a \"Datenschutzbeauftragter\", which means that Willi Birkelbach was the first Data Protection Officer/Commissioner/Registrar in the German Federal Republic.", "Q73482": "Carl Joachim Classen (15 August 1928 - 29 September 2013) was a German classical scholar.\n\n", "Q97076": "Eberhard Taubert (11 May 1907 in Kassel \u2013 2 November 1976 in Cologne) was a lawyer and anti-Semitic Nazi propagandist. He joined the Nazi party in 1931, and quickly became involved in both anti-Communist and anti-Jewish propaganda. From 1933 to 1945 he worked as a high official in the Propagandaministerium under Joseph Goebbels.\nHis nickname in Nazi circles was Dr. Anti. He worked in 1940 on the script for the anti-Semitic propaganda film Der ewige Jude (English: The Eternal Jew) and was responsible for the law requiring Jews to wear the yellow badge (Judenstern).\nAfter the war he worked for $3,000 a month for the German Christian Democratic Party, providing material against more radical Marxists. After 1957 he worked in South America, Iran, Lebanon, Egypt and South Africa and as the counsel of the German minister Franz Josef Strau\u00df. From 1970 he was employed by German industrialists.\nHis rhetorical ability made him the talented and wanted propagandist he was, not only during the NS-regime. His agitative style used in the Nazi propaganda was reused after the war to boost the Western fear of communism. For this mission he worked with secret services (for example CIC) and right-wing politicians and journals.", "Q72944": "Clemens Ernst Gottlieb von Delbr\u00fcck (19 January 1856, Halle an der Saale \u2013 17 December 1921, Jena) was a German conservative politician. He was ennobled in 1916.", "Q2240987": "Francis Elliott \"Fran\" Kranz (born July 13, 1981) is an American film, television and Broadway actor. He is known for his portrayal of Topher Brink in the science fiction drama series Dollhouse. He had prominent roles in the films The Cabin in the Woods and Much Ado About Nothing. In 2012, he played Bernard in Death of a Salesman beginning a career on Broadway that continued with 2014's You Can't Take It with You.", "Q117840": "Pope Nicholas II (Latin: Nicholaus II; c. 990/995 \u2013 27 July 1061), otherwise known as Gerard of Burgundy, was bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 24 January 1059 until his death. At the time of his election, he was bishop of Florence.", "Q457739": "Leo Steinberg (July 9, 1920 \u2013 March 13, 2011) was a Russian-born American art critic and art historian.", "Q308714": "The Communist Party USA, officially the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA), is a communist party in the United States established in 1919 after a split in the Socialist Party of America following the Russian Revolution.The history of the CPUSA is closely related to the American labor movement and communist parties worldwide. Initially operating underground due to the Palmer Raids starting in the First Red Scare, the party was influential in American politics in the first half of the 20th century and played a prominent role in the labor movement from the 1920s through the 1940s, becoming known for opposing racism and racial segregation after sponsoring the defense for the Scottsboro Boys in 1931. Its membership increased during the Great Depression, and they played a key role in the Congress of Industrial Organizations. The CPUSA subsequently declined due to events such as the beginning of the Cold War, the second Red Scare, and the influence of McCarthyism. Its opposition to the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine were unpopular, with its endorsed candidate Henry A. Wallace under-performing in the 1948 presidential election. Its support for the Soviet Union increasingly alienated it from the rest of the left in the United States in the 1960s.The CPUSA received significant funding from the Soviet Union and crafted its public positions to match those of Moscow. The CPUSA also used a covert apparatus to assist the Soviets with their intelligence activities in the United States and utilized a network of front organizations to shape public opinion. The CPUSA opposed glasnost and perestroika in the Soviet Union and as a result major funding from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ended in 1989. The party remains committed to Marxism\u2013Leninism.", "Q13376": "Pistoia (US: , Italian: [pi\u02c8sto\u02d0ja] (listen)) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of a province of the same name, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west and north of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno. It is a typical Italian medieval city, and it attracts many tourists, especially in the summer. The city is famous throughout Europe for its plant nurseries.", "Q215989": "Johann August Starck also Stark (28 October 1741 \u2013 3 March 3, 1816) was a prolific author and controversial K\u00f6nigsberg theologian, as well as a widely read political writer now best remembered for arguing that an Illuminati-led conspiracy brought about the French revolution. Immanuel Kant and Johann Georg Hamann were among his acquaintances in K\u00f6nigsberg. His broadly deistic approach emphasized natural religion and smoothed over doctrinal differences among the various faiths.", "Q300348": "A Certain Ratio (abbreviated as ACR) are an English post-punk band formed in 1977 in Flixton, Greater Manchester by Peter Terrell (guitar, electronics) and Simon Topping (vocals, trumpet), with additional members Jez Kerr (bass, vocals), Martin Moscrop (trumpet, guitar), Donald Johnson (drums), and Martha Tilson (vocals) joining soon after. Drawing heavy influence from funk as well as disco and Latin percussion, the band were among to first to debut on Tony Wilson's Factory Records in 1979 with \"All Night Party,\" produced by Martin Hannett. During ACR's early years with Factory, they scored seven Top Ten U.K. independent releases, highlighted by \"Flight\" and \"Waterline,\" and released five albums beginning with The Graveyard and the Ballroom (1979).Following late-'80s and early-'90s phases with major-label A&M and Rob Gretton's independent Robs Records, ACR were intermittently active. They returned to the studio for the 2008 album Mind Made Up and since then have continued to perform, with their catalog recirculated through an arrangement with Mute Records. ACR continued to perform into the late 2010s, and during 2017-2019 expanded, reissued, and anthologized their catalog once more, this time through Mute Records.", "Q169346": "Zeb-un-Nissa (Persian: \u0632\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u200e) (15 February 1638 \u2013 26 May 1702) was a Mughal princess and the eldest child of Emperor Aurangzeb and his chief consort Dilras Banu Begum. She was also a poet, who wrote under the pseudonym of \"Makhfi\" (\u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc, \"Hidden One\"). Imprisoned by her father in the last 20 years of her life at Salimgarh Fort, Delhi, Princess Zeb-un-Nissa is remembered as a poet, and her writings were collected posthumously as Diwan-i-Makhfi.", "Q449513": "Maria Deraismes (17 August 1828 \u2013 6 February 1894) was a French author and major pioneering force for women's rights.", "Q1770885": "Knute Kenneth Rockne ( k\u0259-NOOT ROK-nee; March 4, 1888 \u2013 March 31, 1931) was a Norwegian-American football player and coach at the University of Notre Dame.\nRockne is regarded as one of the greatest coaches in college football history. His biography at the College Football Hall of Fame identifies him as \"without question, American football's most-renowned coach\". Rockne helped to popularize the forward pass and made the Notre Dame Fighting Irish a major factor in college football.\n\n", "Q358137": "Alex O'Loughlin (born 24 August 1976) is an Australian actor, writer, director, and producer, who played Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett on CBS' remake of the TV series Hawaii Five-0 (2010\u20132020). He had starring roles in the films Oyster Farmer (2004) and The Back-up Plan (2010), as well as on such television series as Moonlight (2008) and Three Rivers (2009).", "Q97062": "Hermann Axen (6 March 1916 \u2013 15 February 1992) was a German political activist who became involved in political resistance during the twelve Nazi years, most of which he spent in state detention. After the war he became a national politician in the Soviet occupation zone, relaunched in 1949 as the German Democratic Republic / East Germany. He served as a relatively high-profile member of the powerful Politburo of the Central Committee between 1970 and 1989.In November 1989 he visited Moscow for eye surgery. While he was away the entire Politburo of which he was a member, resigned in 8 November 1989, and he too was excluded from it. On his return in January 1990 he was arrested, suspected of corruption and abuse of public office. This dramatic reversal of fortune came during a period of rapid political change. At the time of his death the arrest warrant had been rescinded and the case against him remained unproven, the necessary investigations having been delayed or suspended in response to his declining health.", "Q7542": "Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 \u2013 April 21, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, dancer, actor, and filmmaker. A guitar virtuoso and multi-instrumentalist known for his eclectic genre-crossing work, flamboyant and androgynous persona, energetic live shows and wide-ranging singing voice, in particular his far reaching falsetto and high-pitched screams, he is regarded as one of the greatest, versatile and most successful musicians in the history of popular music. His innovative music integrated a wide variety of styles, including funk, R&B, rock, new wave, soul, psychedelia, and pop. Prince pioneered the late 1970s Minneapolis sound, a funk rock subgenre drawing from synth-pop and new wave.Born and raised in Minneapolis, Prince developed an interest in music as a young child and wrote his first song, \"Funk Machine\", at the age of seven. He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records at the age of 19, and released his debut album For You in 1978. Following up with his next four albums\u2014Prince (1979), Dirty Mind (1980), Controversy (1981), and 1999 (1982)\u2014Prince gained critical success, prominently showcasing his explicit lyrics as well as his blending of funk, dance, and rock music. In 1984, he began referring to his backup band as The Revolution and released his sixth album Purple Rain, which was also the soundtrack to his hugely successful film acting debut of the same name. It quickly became his most commercially successful record, spending 24 consecutive weeks atop the Billboard 200. The film itself was critically and commercially successful and also won the Academy Award for Best Original Song Score, the last film to receive the award.\nFollowing the disbandment of The Revolution, Prince released the critically acclaimed double album Sign o' the Times (1987). He released three more solo albums\u2014Lovesexy (1988), the Batman soundtrack (1989), and the Graffiti Bridge soundtrack (1990)\u2014before debuting his New Power Generation backing band in 1991. In the midst of a contractual dispute with Warner Bros. in 1993, Prince changed his stage name to the unpronounceable symbol , known to fans as the \"Love Symbol\", and began releasing new albums at a faster rate in order to quickly meet his contract quota and release himself from further obligations to the record label. He released five records between 1994 and 1996 before he signed with Arista Records in 1998. He began referring to himself as \"Prince\" again in 2000 and subsequently released 16 albums, including Musicology (2004), his most successful album of that decade. His final album, Hit n Run Phase Two, was first released on the Tidal streaming service in 2015.\nIn April 2016, at the age of 57, Prince died of an accidental fentanyl overdose at his Paisley Park home and recording studio in Chanhassen, Minnesota. He sold over 100 million records worldwide, ranking him among the best-selling music artists of all time. He won seven Grammy Awards, seven Brit Awards, six American Music Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, an Academy Award, and a Golden Globe Award. He was also honored with special awards including the Grammy President's Merit Award, American Music Awards for Achievement and of Merit, and the Billboard Icon Award. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004, the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2006, and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame in 2016. In 2016, he was posthumously honored with a Doctor of Humane Letters by the University of Minnesota. Rolling Stone placed him among its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.", "Q288114": "J\u014d Odagiri (\u5c0f\u7530\u5207 \u8b72, Odagiri J\u014d, born February 16, 1976), better known by his stage name Joe Odagiri (\u30aa\u30c0\u30ae\u30ea \u30b8\u30e7\u30fc, Odagiri J\u014d), is a Japanese actor and musician. South China Morning Post described him as \"a rebel, something made evident by his grungy, gothic style\".", "Q182481": "Tourcoing (French pronunciation: \u200b[tu\u0281kw\u025b\u0303]; Dutch: Toerkonje, pronounced [turk\u0254nj\u0259]; West Flemish: Terkoeje) is a city in northern France on the Belgian border. It is designated municipally as a commune within the department of Nord. Located to the north-northeast of Lille, adjacent to Roubaix, Tourcoing is the chef-lieu of two cantons and the fourth largest city in the French region of Hauts-de-France ranked by population with about 94,000 inhabitants.\nTogether with the cities of Lille, Roubaix, Villeneuve-d'Ascq and eighty-six other communes, Tourcoing is part of four-city-centred metropolitan area inhabited by more than 1.1 million people: the M\u00e9tropole Europ\u00e9enne de Lille. To a greater extent, Tourcoing belongs to a vast conurbation formed with the Belgian cities of Mouscron, Kortrijk and Tournai, which gave birth to the first European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation in January 2008, Lille\u2013Kortrijk\u2013Tournai with an aggregate of just over 2 million inhabitants.", "Q176266": "Anushavan Danielyan (Armenian: \u0531\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0577\u0561\u057e\u0561\u0576 \u0534\u0561\u0576\u056b\u0565\u056c\u0575\u0561\u0576; born 1 August 1954) was Prime Minister of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from June 1999 through September 2007. He was succeeded by Arayik Harutyunyan. Danielyan was a vice-speaker of the Supreme Council of Crimea for the party Party of Economic Revival of Crimea in the 1990s.\n\n", "Q98351": "Karl-Heinz Schr\u00f6ter (born 26 October 1954 in Frankfurt (Oder)) is a German politician (Social Democratic Party). He is the current State Minister of the Interior government of Minister-President Dietmar Woidke of Brandenburg. He previously served as district administrator of the Oberhavel district (country Brandenburg) and was a member of the twelfth German Bundestag.\n\n", "Q2857397": "Antonio Percassi (born 9 June 1953) is an Italian former footballer and entrepreneur.He is president of the holding company Odissea Srl which includes the cosmetics brands KIKO Milano, Madina and Womo, formerly the Orio Center shopping center, and Atalanta B.C.\n\n", "Q502710": "Greiz is a town in Thuringia, and it is the capital of the district of Greiz. Greiz is situated in eastern Thuringia on the river White Elster.\nAs with other nearby settlements, the place name (originally Grouts) is of Slavic origin and means Gradec. It was first mentioned in 1209. The prime location of Greiz at the river White Elster and the stream G\u00f6ltzsch made it a fast-growing town. It kept expanding during the last 1000 years. It has been recognized as town in the 13th century for the first time. Later the House of Reuss, a ruling German dynasty, built 2 castles in Greiz: the \"Oberes Schloss\" (Upper castle) and the \"Unteres Schloss\" (Lower castle). Both were built by famous architects and are still considered unique. Greiz became the capital of the Principality of Reuss-Greiz (until 1918).\n\nGreiz has a large park in its center (F\u00fcrstlich Greizer Park) which is classified as an English garden. Thomasstra\u00dfe, Burgstra\u00dfe, Marktstra\u00dfe, Waldstra\u00dfe, and Leonhardtstra\u00dfe with their Jugendstil houses are well known examples of that architectural style. In Prof.-Dr.-Friedrich-Schneider-Stra\u00dfe 4 there is one of the earliest examples of Art Deco architecture (built in 1911).\nDuring World War II, Greiz did not suffer much damage, although 3 of the 5 bridges in town were destroyed. In 1941, Ulf Merbold was born there, who became in 1983 the first astronaut from the Federal Republic of Germany (Sigmund J\u00e4hn, born only 40 km (24.85 mi) away, was the first German space traveller, representing the German Democratic Republic in 1978 as a cosmonaut).\nGreiz has a population of about 20,524 people (as of December 31, 2018). The former municipality Neum\u00fchle/Elster was merged into Greiz in December 2019.\nIn addition to a chemical works and a paper factory there are mechanical engineering operations, plastics manufacturing businesses, wood machining enterprises, medical technology, suppliers to the automobile industry, printing houses and breweries. In recent years various high tech businesses (sensor technology, climate simulators, micro-chip production) and environmental technology companies developed.\nAdjacent towns include: \n\nElsterberg\nReichenbach\nHohenleuben\nWerdauGreiz station is on the Gera S\u00fcd\u2013Weischlitz railway.", "Q555890": "Donald Lee Stroud (born September 1, 1943) is an American actor, drummer, and surfer. Stroud has appeared in many films in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, and has starred in over 100 films and 175 television shows to date.", "Q13362": "Ferrara (, Italian: [fer\u02c8ra\u02d0ra] (listen); Emilian: Fr\u00e0ra [\u02c8fra\u02d0ra]) is a city and comune in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital of the Province of Ferrara. As of 2016 it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated 44 kilometres (27 miles) northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km (3 miles) north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the Renaissance, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance, it has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.", "Q1499053": "The Saint Petersburg Theological Academy (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f) is a theological seminary in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The academy grants master and doctorate degrees preparing theologians and priests for the Eastern Orthodox Church. It was founded in 1797 by Gabriel (Petrov), Metropolitan of Saint Petersburg, as part of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.At the turn of the 20th Century the Saint Petersburg Theological Academy was one of four religious academies of the Russian Orthodox Church. The class of 1898 had a total of 235 students regularly attending classes.", "Q55337": "Conor Paul Maynard (born 21 November 1992) is an English singer, songwriter, and YouTuber. Born and raised in Brighton, he signed a recording contract with Warner Music Group in 2011. Maynard rose to fame in 2012 when he was nominated for, and subsequently won, MTV's Brand New for 2012 award. His debut album, Contrast, was released in July 2012 which produced the successful single \u201cCan't Say No\".", "Q106781": "Samuel Finzi (Bulgarian: \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0443\u0435\u043b \u0424\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438) (born 20 January 1966) is a Bulgarian actor, of Bulgarian-Jewish descent. Since his start in the late 1980s, he has hundreds of film, television, and theatrical credits. Between 1993 and 2011, he received ten acting awards.\nBorn in Bulgaria's second-largest city, Plovdiv, he is the son of actor Itzhak Fintzi and performed in his first theater and film roles while still a student. Very early on, he came into contact with directors who have had a major influence on European theater and film. He has worked in the theater with directors such as Benno Besson, Dimiter Gotscheff, Frank Castorf, J\u00fcrgen Gosch, and Robert Wilson. In film, his collaborations with Michael Glawogger, Oliver Hirschbiegel, Peter Popzlatev, S\u00f6nke Wortmann, and Til Schweiger have extended his popularity to a wider audience. He also played the title role in the crime series Flemming. Besides his theater engagements at all of the important German language theaters, Samuel Finzi has performed in many film and television productions. He has captivated audiences in popular successes such as Kokow\u00e4\u00e4h, as well as in independent films such as Die Besucherin (\"The Visitor\"), M\u00eame Dieu est venu nous voir (\"Even God Came to See Us\"), and Vaterspiele (\"Father Games\"). \nFinz shapes his figures as smart, associative character studies, which bear witness to a detailed and intelligent acting strategy. Audiences and the press celebrate his intensive images of human motivation that are almost craving for transformation and his effortless precision when performing. In 2014, he played six leading roles at the Deutsches Theater, the Maxim Gorki Theater, and the Volksb\u00fchne, in Berlin, and at the Schauspielhaus in Leipzig.", "Q45124": "Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi (Uzbek: Hamza Hakimzoda Niyoziy / \u04b2\u0430\u043c\u0437\u0430 \u04b2\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0437\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u0451\u0437\u0438\u0439; Russian: \u0425\u0430\u043c\u0437\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u041d\u0438\u044f\u0437\u0438) (March 6 [O.S. February 22] 1889, Kokand \u2013 March 18, 1929, Shohimardon) was an Uzbek author, composer, playwright, poet, scholar, and political activist. Niyazi, along with G\u02bbafur G\u02bbulom, is widely seen as one of the leading figures in the early development of modern Uzbek literary tradition. He is generally considered the first Uzbek playwright, the founder of modern Uzbek musical forms, as well as the founder of Uzbek social realism.\nNiyazi also participated in the controversial Uzbek language reforms of the 1920s which were meant to codify a literary Uzbek language in place of the older, fading Chagatai. In addition to Uzbek, Niyazi knew many other languages, including Arabic, Persian, Russian, and Turkish. His works generally dealt wish social issues, such as women's rights, social inequality, and the prevalence of superstition. Niyazi was tragically stoned to death in the town of Shohimardon by Islamic fundamentalists for his anti-religious activities.Niyazi became a National Writer of the Uzbek SSR in 1926. To honor his memory, in 1967 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan established the State Hamza Prize to recognize outstanding achievement in literature, arts, and architecture. Many institutions in Uzbekistan, including a station of Tashkent Metro, three theaters, as well as several schools and streets are named after him.", "Q346309": "Ada Beatrice Queen Victoria Louise Virginia Smith, better known as Bricktop, (August 14, 1894 \u2013 February 1, 1984) was an American dancer, jazz singer, vaudevillian, and self-described saloon-keeper who owned the nightclub Chez Bricktop in Paris from 1924 to 1961, as well as clubs in Mexico City and Rome. She has been called \"...one of the most legendary and enduring figures of twentieth-century American cultural history.\"", "Q122637": "Rudolf Doehn (2 February 1821, Hinrichshagen \u2013 9 April 1895, Dresden) was a German writer and journalist. He belonged to the Forty-Eighters who participated in the American Civil War as volunteers in the Union Army. Here he became also known as Randolph Doehn.", "Q1504170": "Georg Essl (born March 1, 1972 in Graz, Austria) is an Austrian computer scientist and musician, who works in the areas of human-computer interaction, acoustics, mobile computing and mobile music. He is a visiting research professor at the College of Letters & Sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and he is also affiliated with the Center for 21st Century Studies. Prior to that he was an assistant professor at the University of Michigan.", "Q303655": "Mil\u00fa (Maria de Lourdes de Almeida Lemos) (24 April 1926 \u2013 5 November 2008) was a Portuguese actress and singer.", "Q85466": "Thomas Borchert (born July 20, 1966 in Essen, Germany) is a German actor, singer, and songwriter. He has performed especially in musical theatre.", "Q105288": "Claudia Hiersche (born 22 February 1977 in Frankfurt (Oder), German Democratic Republic (now Federal Republic of Germany)) is a German host and actress and is well known for her portrayal of the lesbian fictional character Carla von Lahnstein in the soap opera Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love), where she was on contract status between 2003 and 2009.\nShe attended a drama school in Manhattan for three months. Before her work on Verbotene Liebe, she was the host of the travel magazine television show Wolkenlos from 2000 to 2002. In 2003, Claudia also starred in the movie Schwer verknallt as a character, once again, named Carla.\nShe lives in Berlin and enjoys traveling, photography, running and boxing in her free time.\nAs for her character in Verbotene Liebe she became very popular, when her character Carla had a relationship with Hanna Novak. In 2006, Carla was the second lesbian character on German soap opera to marry another woman. (The first was Billi Vogt, who married her girlfriend Andrea on German soap opera Marienhof in 2002.)", "Q132424": "Albert Webb Jefferis (December 7, 1868 \u2013 September 14, 1942) was an American Republican Party politician.\nBorn near Embreville, Pennsylvania, he attended public schools in Romansville, Pennsylvania and the West Chester Normal School for three years. He graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1893 and was admitted to the bar in the same year. He set up practice in Omaha, Nebraska. Jefferis was also the head football coach at Doane College\u2014now known as Doane University\u2014in Crete, Nebraska, for one season, in 1893.Jefferis was a member of various Republican State and county committees. He was assistant county attorney for Douglas County, Nebraska, from 1896 to 1898. He ran in 1908 for the Sixty-first United States Congress and lost. He then became chairman of the Republican State convention in 1910. He succeeded in being elected to the Sixty-sixth and Sixty-seventh Congresses serving from March 4, 1919, to March 3, 1923. He ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate in 1922 against Robert Beecher Howell.\nJefferis resumed the practice of law in Omaha. He was elected a delegate at large to the 1924 Republican National Convention. He was also the manager of the Coolidge-Dawes automobile caravan from Plymouth, Vermont, to Bellingham, Washington. He resumed his practice of law in Omaha, trying once more unsuccessfully candidate for United States Senator in 1940. He failed to get the nomination. He died at Omaha, Nebraska, on September 14, 1942, and is buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery, Omaha.\nJefferis was a member of the Congregationalist Church, as well as a Freemason, an Elk, a Woodmen, and a member of Delta Chi.", "Q217152": "The Dervish and Death (Serbo-Croatian: \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0448 \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0440\u0442/Dervi\u0161 i smrt) is a 1974 Yugoslav film directed by Zdravko Velimirovi\u0107 based on the novel of the same name by Me\u0161a Selimovi\u0107. \nThe film won Silver Arena (as second best film) and four Golden Arena awards at the 1974 Pula Film Festival, the Yugoslav national film awards festival, including Best Director (Zdravko Velimirovi\u0107), Best Supporting Actor (Abdurrahman Shala), Best Cinematography (Nenad Jovi\u010di\u0107) and Best Production Design (Vlastimir Gavrik).It was Yugoslavia's submission to the 47th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.\n\n", "Q41342": "Mary Tyler Moore (December 29, 1936 \u2013 January 25, 2017) was an American stage, film, and television actress, as well as a producer and social advocate. She was widely known for her prominent television sitcom roles in The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961\u20131966) and The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1970\u20131977).Her film work included 1967's Thoroughly Modern Millie and 1980's Ordinary People, the latter earning Moore a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Moore was an advocate for animal rights, vegetarianism and diabetes prevention.\nWith her two most prominent roles challenging gender stereotypes and norms, The New York Times said Moore's \"performances on [The Mary Tyler Moore Show and The Dick Van Dyke Show] helped define a new vision of American womanhood.\" The Guardian said \"her outwardly bubbly personality and trademark broad, toothy smile disguised an inner fragility that appealed to an audience facing the new trials of modern-day existence.\"\n\n", "Q5355": "Gilles de Paris (Aegidius Parisiensis) (c. 1160 \u2013 1223/1224) was a French poet of the twelfth century. He is best known for his instructional poem Carolinus, written for the future Louis VIII of France around 1200, when Louis was 13 years old.", "Q104196": "Ilja Richter (born 24 November 1952 in East Berlin) is a German actor, voice actor, television presenter, singer, theatre director and author.", "Q124246": "The Immortal Heart (German: Das Unsterbliche Herz) is a 1939 German drama film directed by Veit Harlan and starring Heinrich George. It was based on Walter Harlan's play The Nuremberg Egg and depicts the inventor of the watch, Peter Henlein.", "Q66925": "Jens Todt (born 5 January 1970) is a German former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.\n\n", "Q93204": "A documentary film is a non-fictional, motion picture intended to \"document reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record\". Documentary has been described as \"a filmmaking practice, a cinematic tradition, and mode of audience reception that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries\". Documentary films were originally called \"actuality films\", and were one minute, or less, in length. Over time, documentaries have evolved to be longer in length, and to include more categories; some examples being: educational, observational, and docufiction. Documentaries are meant to be informative works, and are often used within schools, as a resource to teach various principles.\nSocial media platforms, such as YouTube, have provided an avenue for the growth of the documentary film genre. These platforms have increased the distribution area and ease-of-accessibility; thereby, enhancing the ability to educate a larger volume of viewers, and broadening the reach of persons who receive that information.", "Q423": "North Korea (Korean: \uc870\uc120; MR: Chos\u014fn or literally \ubd81\uc870\uc120; MR: Pukchos\u014fn), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or DPR Korea; Korean: \uc870\uc120\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc778\ubbfc\uacf5\ud654\uad6d, Chos\u014fn Minjuju\u016di Inmin Konghwaguk), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, with Pyongyang as its capital and the largest city in the country. To the north and northwest, the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok (known as the Yalu in Chinese) and Tumen rivers, and to the south, it is bordered by South Korea, with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two. Nevertheless, North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands.\nIn 1910, Korea was annexed by Imperial Japan. At the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II in 1945, Korea was divided into two zones, with the north occupied by the Soviet Union and the south occupied by the United States. Negotiations on reunification failed, and in 1948, separate governments were formed: the socialist Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the north, and the capitalist Republic of Korea in the south. An invasion initiated by North Korea led to the Korean War (1950\u20131953). The Korean Armistice Agreement brought about a ceasefire, but no peace treaty was signed.\nAccording to article 1 of the constitution of North Korea the DPRK is an \"independent socialist State\". North Korea holds elections, though they have been described by outside observers as sham elections. Outside observers also generally view North Korea as a Stalinist dictatorship, particularly noting the elaborate cult of personality around the Kim dynasty. The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), led by a member of the ruling family, holds absolute power in the state and leads the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland of which all political officers are required to be members. According to article 3 of the constitution of the DPRK Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism is the North Korean official ideology. The means of production are owned by the state through state-run enterprises and collectivized farms. Most service\u2014such as healthcare, education, housing and food production\u2014are subsidized or state-funded. From 1994 to 1998, North Korea suffered a famine that resulted in the deaths of between 240,000 and 420,000 people, and the population continues to suffer malnutrition. North Korea follows Songun, or \"military-first\" policy. It is the country with the highest number of military and paramilitary personnel, with a total of 9,495,000 active, reserve and paramilitary personnel, or approximately 37% of its population. Its active duty army of 1.21 million is the fourth-largest in the world, after China, the United States and India; consisting of 4.7% of its population. It possesses nuclear weapons. In addition to being a member of the United Nations since 1991, North Korea is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, G77 and the ASEAN Regional Forum.\nA 2014 UN inquiry into human rights in North Korea concluded that \"the gravity, scale and nature of these violations reveal a state that does not have any parallel in the contemporary world\". The North Korean regime denies these allegations.", "Q93562": "Thomas Gold (also known as Tommy Gold), (May 22, 1920 \u2013 June 22, 2004) was an Austrian-born astrophysicist, a professor of astronomy at Cornell University, a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and a Fellow of the Royal Society (London). Gold was one of three young Cambridge scientists who in 1948 proposed the now mostly abandoned \"steady state\" hypothesis of the universe. Gold's work crossed academic and scientific boundaries, into biophysics, astronomy, aerospace engineering, and geophysics.", "Q3042": "Offenbach am Main (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0294\u0254fn\u0329bax \u0294am \u02c8ma\u026an] (listen)) is a city in Hesse, Germany, on the left bank of the river Main. It borders Frankfurt and is part of the Frankfurt urban area and the larger Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. It has a population of 138,335 (December 2018).In the 20th century, the city's economy was built on machine-building, leather-making, typography and design, and the automobile and pharmaceutical industries.", "Q172766": "Merlin Stone (born Marilyn Jacobson, September 27, 1931 \u2013 February 23, 2011) was an American author, artist and academic. She was an important thinker of the feminist theology and Goddess movements and is known for her book When God Was a Woman.", "Q67385": "Johann Paul Kremer (26 December 1883 \u2013 8 January 1965) was a professor of anatomy and human genetics at M\u00fcnster University who joined the Wehrmacht on May 20, 1941. He served in the SS in the Auschwitz concentration camp as a physician during World War II, from 30 August 1942 to 18 November 1942.\nA member of the NSDAP, he was involved in Nazi human experimentation on the prisoners of Auschwitz-Birkenau. He was sentenced to death in the Auschwitz Trial, but this sentence was later commuted to one of life imprisonment. He was released in 1958.\nKremer kept a diary of his time at Auschwitz. Interspersed with entries of mundane, day to day events are multiple accounts of murder, depravity, gassings and special actions.\n\nSeptember 5, 1942 : In the morning attended a special action from the women's concentration camp; the most dreadful of horrors. Obersturmf\u00fchrer Heinz Thilo was right when he said to me that this is the anus mundi. In the evening towards 8:00 attended another special action from Holland [sic]. Because of the special rations they get a fifth of a liter of schnapps, 5 cigarettes, 100 g salami and bread, the men all clamor to take part in such actions. Today and tomorrow (Sunday) work.", "Q4133493": "Andrei Viktorovich Gaponov-Grekhov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432-\u0413\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432; born 7 June 1926, Moscow) is a Russian physicist and a professor at N. I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod.", "Q334947": "Ali Ibrahim \"Ali Farka\" Tour\u00e9 (31 October 1939 \u2013 6 March 2006) was a Malian singer and multi-instrumentalist, and one of the African continent's most internationally renowned musicians. His music is widely regarded as representing a point of intersection of traditional Malian music and its North American cousin, the blues. The belief that the latter is historically derived from the former is reflected in Martin Scorsese's often quoted characterization of Tour\u00e9's tradition as constituting \"the DNA of the blues\". Tour\u00e9 was ranked number 76 on Rolling Stone's list of \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" and number 37 on Spin magazine's \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\".", "Q77196": "Jurij Br\u011bzan (9 June 1916 \u2013 12 March 2006) was a Sorbian writer. His works, especially the novels, narrative works and children's books, were available in the two languages German and Upper Sorbian.\nHe lived, following its creation during and after 1945, in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).", "Q220098": "A warlord is a leader able to exercise military, economic, and political control over a subnational territory within a sovereign state due to their ability to mobilize loyal armed forces. These armed forces, usually considered militias, are loyal to the warlord rather than to the state regime. Warlords have existed throughout much of history, albeit in a variety of different capacities within the political, economic, and social structure of states or ungoverned territories.", "Q1887828": "The General Zionists (Hebrew: \u05d4\u05b7\u05e6\u05b4\u05d9\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05b7\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05dc\u05b8\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, translit. HaTzionim HaKlaliym) were a centrist Zionist movement and a political party in Israel. The General Zionists supported the leadership of Chaim Weizmann and their views were largely colored by central European culture. Their political arm is an ancestor of the modern-day Likud.", "Q95113": "Christina Scull (born 6 March 1942 in Bristol, England) is a British researcher and writer best known for her books about the works of J. R. R. Tolkien. She worked for the London Board of Trade from 1961 to 1971 while completing her Bachelor of Arts degree in art history and medieval history at Birkbeck College. From 1971 to 1995 she served as Librarian of the Sir John Soane's Museum in London.\nScull married Wayne G. Hammond in 1994 and has subsequently collaborated with him on several projects.", "Q1525800": "Giovan Battista Aleotti (1546 \u2013 12 December 1636) was an Italian architect.", "Q488429": "Cho Yong-pil (Korean: \uc870\uc6a9\ud544; born March 21, 1950) is a South Korean pop singer who is considered one of the most influential figures in Korean popular music. He debuted as a member of the rock band Atkins in 1968 and made his solo debut with the hit single \"Come Back to Busan Port\" in 1976. Cho has released 19 solo albums and has remained consistently popular during his 50-year career.", "Q49078": "White Americans are a racial or ethnic group of Americans who identify as and are perceived to be white people. The term is usually used to refer to those of European descent, though is at times also used to refer to Americans of North African and Middle Eastern descent (for example, in the US Census definition). White Americans (including White Hispanics) constitute the historical and current majority of the people living in the United States, with 72% of the population identifying as white in the 2010 United States Census. Non-Hispanic whites totaled about 197,181,177 or 61.1% of the U.S. population. European Americans are the largest ethnic group of White Americans and constitute the historical majority population of the United States since the nation's founding.\nThe United States Census Bureau defines white people as those \"having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East or North Africa.\" The Census definition is controversial for its inclusion of Middle Eastern and North African peoples as white, and the Obama-era Census Bureau had planned to change this definition prior to the election of Donald Trump. Like all official U.S. racial categories, \"White\" has a \"not Hispanic or Latino\" and a \"Hispanic or Latino\" component, the latter consisting mostly of White Mexican Americans and White Cuban Americans. The term \"Caucasian\" is synonymous with \"white\", although the latter is sometimes used to denote skin tone instead of race. Some of the non-European ethnic groups classified as white by the U.S. Census, such as Arab Americans, Jewish Americans, and Hispanics or Latinos, may not identify as or may not be perceived to be, white.\nThe largest ancestries of American whites are: German (17%), Irish (12%), English (9%), Italian (6%), French (4%), Polish (3%), Scottish (3%), Scotch-Irish (2%), Dutch (2%), Norwegian (2%) and Swedish (1%). However, the English and British Americans' demography is considered a serious under-count as the stock tend to self-report and identify as simply \"Americans\" (7%), due to the length of time they have inhabited the United States, particularly if their family arrived prior to the American Revolution. The vast majority of white Americans also have ancestry from multiple countries.", "Q236822": "Katherine Ann Bosworth (born January 2, 1983) is an American actress and model. Following minor roles in the films The Horse Whisperer (1998) and Remember the Titans (2000), she rose to prominence with her role as a teenage surfer in the box-office hit Blue Crush (2002).\nShe also had roles in independent films, playing Dawn Schiller in the true crime film Wonderland (2003) and Sandra Dee in the Bobby Darin biographical drama Beyond the Sea (2004). She portrayed Lois Lane in Superman Returns (2006), and had roles in 21 (2008), Straw Dogs (2011), And While We Were Here (2012), and Still Alice (2014). She starred in the horror films Before I Wake (2016) and The Domestics (2018). Recently, she starred as KC in the Netflix science fiction miniseries The I-Land.", "Q85300": "Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University (Ukrainian: \u041e\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0406. \u0406. \u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430), located in Odessa, Ukraine, is one of the country's major universities, named after the scientist \u00c9lie Metchnikoff (who studied immunology, microbiology, and evolutionary embryology), a Nobel prizewinner in 1908. The university was founded in 1865, by an edict of Tsar Alexander II of Russia reorganizing the Richelieu Lyceum of Odessa into the new Imperial Novorossiya University. In the Soviet era, the University was renamed Odessa I. I. Mechnikov State University (literally, \"Odesa State University named after I. I. Mechnikov\").\nDuring the century and a half of its existence, the University has earned the reputation of being one of the best educational institutions in Ukraine.\nOdesa I. I. Mechnikov National University comprises four institutes, ten faculties, and seven specialized councils. The University is famous for its scientific library, the largest and oldest of any university in Ukraine (3,600,000 million volumes, ranging from the 15th century to the present day).\n\n", "Q920892": "Abraham Benjamin Cunningham, (born July 27, 1973) is an American musician, best known as the drummer of the alternative metal band Deftones.", "Q1688694": "Yevgeni Valeryevich Grishkovetz (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0446; born February 17, 1967 in Kemerovo) is a popular Russian writer, dramatist, stage director, actor and musician.He is widely known as the author of witty solo performances. Grishkovets has staged authorial plays Odnovremenno, Planeta, Drednouty, Osada, Titanic, po Po and +1 and published a number of his books: collected plays Gorod (2001), Kak ya syel sobaku (2003), the novel Rubashka (2004), the story Reki (2005) and collected stories Planka (2006).\nHe has played supporting roles in remarkable Russian films including Progulka, Ne khlebom edinym and V kruge pervom.\nGrishkovetz lives in Kaliningrad and tours with his theatre productions both in Russia and in Europe where he has become a welcome guest at many prestigious festivals.\nYevgeni is married and has three children: daughter Natalie (born in 1995), son Alexander (born in 2004) and daughter Maria (born in 2010).", "Q1778567": "Sh\u014dgun is an American television miniseries based on the 1975 novel of the same name by James Clavell, who also was the executive producer of the miniseries. It was first broadcast in the United States on NBC over five nights between September 15 and September 19, 1980. To date, it is the only American television production to be filmed on location entirely in Japan, with additional sound stage filming also taking place in Japan at the Toho studio.\nThe miniseries is loosely based on the adventures of English navigator William Adams, who journeyed to Japan in 1600 and rose to high rank in the service of the sh\u014dgun. The miniseries follows fictional Englishman John Blackthorne's transforming experiences and political intrigues in feudal Japan in the early 17th century.", "Q440537": "Dana Dawson (August 7, 1974 \u2013 August 10, 2010) was an American actress and singer.\n\n", "Q616905": "The University of Augsburg (German: Universit\u00e4t Augsburg) is a university located in the Universit\u00e4tsviertel section of Augsburg, Germany. It was founded in 1970 and is organized in 8 Faculties.\nThe University of Augsburg is a relatively young campus university with approx. 18,000 students in October 2012. About 14% of its students come from foreign countries, a larger percentage than at comparable German universities.In October 2011 Sabine Doering Manteuffel succeeded Alois Loidl as rector of the university. She is the first female rector of a Bavarian university.", "Q110685": "Maria Rowohlt (born as Maria Pierenk\u00e4mper; 5 June 1910 in Bochum \u2013 11 April 2005 in Hamburg) was a German actress. She was married several times, amongst others to Max Rupp and to Ernst Rowohlt.", "Q97704": "Anna-Katharina Samsel (born 12 April 1985 in Hanover) is a German actress.\nSamsel grew up in Wolfsburg where she completed her Abitur. In 1999 she became the German artistic roller skating champion and won the World Championships in 1999, 2000 and 2002.Samsel appeared in the music video of Coldplay's 2008 single \"Lost!\". Since December 2009, she has played the role of Katja Bergmann in the RTL soap opera Alles was z\u00e4hlt.Samsel now lives in Cologne,.\nHer first appearance was in a short film Epicalypse Now by Daryush Shokof also in Cologne, Germany.", "Q4886330": "Benjamin Michael \"Ben\" Rattray (born June 16, 1980) is the founder and CEO of the online petition website Change.org, which he founded in 2007. Rattray was included in the 2012 Time 100 list of the world's most influential people, listed as one of Fortune's 40 Under 40 rising young business leaders of 2012, and given the Commonwealth Club of California's 21st Century Visionary Award in 2014.\n\n", "Q3191095": "J\u00e9r\u00f4me de Bontin (born September 12, 1957) is a Franco-American businessman and football administrator.", "Q1554009": "Guillermo E. Brown (aka Pegasus Warning) is a multi-disciplinary performer whose works include Soul at the Hands of the Machine, The Beat Kids' Open Rhythm System and Sound Magazine, Black Dreams 1.0, ...Is Arturo Klauft, Handeheld, Shuffle Mode, WOOF TICKET EP, PwEP2, forthcoming full length album Dream&Destroy and performance piece Bee Boy. His one-man theater piece, Robeson In Space, premiered at Luna Stage (2005).Additional work includes sound installation cracked unicorns at The Studio Museum in Harlem, performance pieces Postcolonial Bacchanale (Harlem Stage), SYRUP (The Kitchen), supergroup BiLLLL$, the collaborative trio Thiefs, and sound installation for She Talks to Beethoven by Adrienne Kennedy directed by Charlotte Brathwaite at JACK NYC.", "Q16554": "Denver (), officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado. Denver is located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. With an estimated population of 727,211 in 2019, Denver is the 19th-most populous U.S. city, and with a 21.17% increase since the 2010 United States Census, it has been one of the fastest-growing major cities in the United States. The metropolitan city is located in the middle of the extensive Southern Rocky Mountain Front with Cheyenne, Wyoming, to the north and Albuquerque, New Mexico, to the south, this rapidly growing region has a population of 5,467,633, according to the 2010 United States Census. The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately 12 mi (19 km) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Denver is named after James W. Denver, a governor of the Kansas Territory. It is nicknamed the Mile High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile (5280 feet or 1609.3 meters) above sea level. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich, the longitudinal reference for the Mountain Time Zone, passes directly through Denver Union Station.\nDenver is ranked as a Beta world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. The 10-county Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated 2018 population of 2,932,415 and is the 19th most populous U.S. metropolitan statistical area. The 12-city Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area had an estimated 2018 population of 3,572,798 and is the 15th most populous U.S. metropolitan area. Denver is the most populous city of the 18-county Front Range Urban Corridor, an oblong urban region stretching across two states with an estimated 2018 population of 4,976,781. Denver is the most populous city within a 500-mile (800 km) radius and the second-most populous city in the Mountain West after Phoenix, Arizona. In 2016, Denver was named the best place to live in the United States by U.S. News & World Report.", "Q240744": "The Vienna Central Cemetery (German: Wiener Zentralfriedhof) is one of the largest cemeteries in the world by number of interred, and is the most famous cemetery among Vienna's nearly 50 cemeteries.", "Q219631": "Adam Noah Levine (born March 18, 1979) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, record producer, entrepreneur, and actor from California. He is the lead singer for the pop rock band Maroon 5. Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, Levine began his musical career in 1994, when he co-founded the band Kara's Flowers, of which he was the lead vocalist and guitarist. The band split up after their only album, The Fourth World (released in 1997), which did not gain popularity. In 2001, the group was reformed \u2013 with guitarist James Valentine joining the line-up \u2013 and began a new musical chapter, changing their name to Maroon 5. In 2002, the band released their first album, Songs About Jane, which went multi-platinum in the US. Since then, they have released five more albums: It Won't Be Soon Before Long (2007), Hands All Over (2010), Overexposed (2012), V (2014), and Red Pill Blues (2017). As part of Maroon 5, Levine has received three Grammy Awards, three American Music Awards, an MTV Video Music Award, and a World Music Award.\nFrom 2011 to 2019, Levine served as a coach on NBC's reality talent show The Voice and won three times with a member of his team (seasons 1, 5, and 9). In 2012, Levine made his acting debut as a recurring character Leo Morrison in American Horror Story: Asylum, the second season of the series American Horror Story. Levine also appeared in the films Begin Again (2013), Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016), Fun Mom Dinner and The Clapper (both 2017). As an entrepreneur, Levine launched his own eponymous fragrance line in 2013. The same year, he collaborated with K-Mart and ShopYourWay.com to develop his menswear collection. He also owns a record label, 222 Records, and a production company, 222 Productions (which the latter produced Sugar and Songland, respectively). In 2013, The Hollywood Reporter reported that \"sources familiar with his many business dealings\" estimated Levine would earn more than $35 million that year.\n\n", "Q270687": "Tang Wei (simplified Chinese: \u6c64\u552f; traditional Chinese: \u6e6f\u552f; pinyin: T\u0101ng W\u00e9i, born 7 October 1979) is a Chinese actress. She rose to prominence for her appearance in Lust, Caution (2007).\nTang ranked 70th on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2013, 38th in 2014, 55th in 2015.", "Q17892": "Sappho (; Greek: \u03a3\u03b1\u03c0\u03c6\u03ce Sapph\u1e53; Aeolic Greek \u03a8\u03ac\u03c0\u03c6\u03c9 Ps\u00e1pph\u014d; c. 630 \u2013 c. 570 BC) was an Archaic Greek poet from the island of Lesbos. Sappho is known for her lyric poetry, written to be sung while accompanied by a lyre. In ancient times, Sappho was widely regarded as one of the greatest lyric poets and was given names such as the \"Tenth Muse\" and \"The Poetess\". Most of Sappho's poetry is now lost, and what is extant has mostly survived in fragmentary form; two notable exceptions are the \"Ode to Aphrodite\" and the Tithonus poem. As well as lyric poetry, ancient commentators claimed that Sappho wrote elegiac and iambic poetry. Three epigrams attributed to Sappho are extant, but these are actually Hellenistic imitations of Sappho's style.\nLittle is known of Sappho's life. She was from a wealthy family from Lesbos, though her parents' names are uncertain. Ancient sources say that she had three brothers; the names of two of them, Charaxos and Larichos, are mentioned in the Brothers Poem discovered in 2014. She was exiled to Sicily around 600 BC, and may have continued to work until around 570. Later legends surrounding Sappho's love for the ferryman Phaon and her death are unreliable.\nSappho was a prolific poet, probably composing around 10,000 lines. Her poetry was well-known and greatly admired through much of antiquity, and she was among the canon of nine lyric poets most highly esteemed by scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria. Sappho's poetry is still considered extraordinary and her works continue to influence other writers. Beyond her poetry, she is well known as a symbol of love and desire between women, with the English words sapphic and lesbian being derived from her own name and the name of her home island respectively. Whilst her importance as a poet is confirmed from the earliest times, all interpretations of her work have been coloured and influenced by discussions of her sexuality.", "Q354043": "Carroll Hall Shelby (January 11, 1923 \u2013 May 10, 2012) was an American automotive designer, racing driver, entrepreneur, and author. Shelby is best known for his involvement with the AC Cobra and Mustang (later known as Shelby Mustangs) for Ford Motor Company, which he modified during the late 1960s and early 2000s. He established Shelby American Inc. in 1962 to manufacture and market performance vehicles, as well as Carroll Shelby Licensing in 1988 which grew into Carroll Shelby International. His autobiography, The Carroll Shelby Story, was published in 1967.", "Q826561": "Halifax () is a minster town in the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale in West Yorkshire, England. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the town has been a centre of woollen manufacture from the 15th century onward, originally dealing through the Piece Hall. Halifax is known for Mackintosh's chocolate and toffee products including Rolo and Quality Street. The Halifax Bank was also founded and is still headquartered in Halifax. Dean Clough, one of the largest textile factories in the world at more than 1\u20442 mile (800 m) long, was in the north of the town. The premises have since been converted for office and retail use including a gym, theatre, Travelodge and radio station.", "Q70809": "Nevio Passaro (born 11 May 1980 in Bad Windsheim) is a German\u2013Italian singer, songwriter and producer, who uses the Italian, German and English language for his self-composed music.\n\n", "Q386105": "Andrew Vabre Devine (October 7, 1905 \u2013 February 18, 1977) was an American character actor known for his distinctive raspy, crackly voice and roles in Western films. He is probably best remembered for his role as Cookie, the sidekick of Roy Rogers in 10 feature films. He also appeared alongside John Wayne in films like Stagecoach (1939), The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance and How the West Was Won (both 1962). He is also remembered as Jingles on the TV series The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok from 1951 to 1958, as Danny McGuire in A Star Is Born (1937) and as the voice of Friar Tuck in the Disney Animation film Robin Hood (1973).", "Q728169": "Manolis Glezos (Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03bb\u03ad\u03b6\u03bf\u03c2; 9 September 1922 \u2013 30 March 2020) was a Greek left-wing politician and folk hero, best known for his participation in the World War II resistance.", "Q104800": "Manfred George (October 22, 1893 \u2013 December 30, 1965), born Manfred Georg Cohn, later shortened to Manfred Georg, was a German journalist, author and translator. He left Germany after the Nazis came to power, living in several different European countries and eventually emigrating penniless to the United States in 1939. He became the editor of Aufbau, a periodical published in German, and transformed it from a small monthly newsletter into an important weekly newspaper, especially during World War II and the postwar era, when it became an important source of information for Jews trying to establish new lives and for Nazi concentration camp survivors to find each other. George remained Editor in Chief of Aufbau until his death.", "Q121470": "Kurt Fluri (born August 1955 in Solothurn) is a Swiss politician of FDP.The Liberals (FDP), and a member of the National Council of Switzerland.\nFluri studied law at the University of Bern and University of Basel. He became a lawyer and notary of the canton of Solothurn after nine years as a lawyer. In 1985 he was elected to the Municipal Council of the town of Solothurn, and in 1989, he was elected to the cantonal parliament of Solothurn. He was also Chairman of the FDP group from 1999 to 2003. In 1993 he became mayor of Solothurn, a role which he still holds. After his election to the National Council, 2003, he gave up his seat in the cantonal parliament. Kurt Fluri is active today in the national Staatspolitischen Kommission and the Commission for Legal Affairs in the National Council.", "Q13129268": "Iorwerth ab Owain Gwynedd (or Iorwerth Drwyndwn meaning \"the flat-nosed\"), also called Edward (c. 1130\u20131174), was the eldest legitimate son of Owain Gwynedd (the king of Gwynedd) and his first wife Gwladys (Gladys) ferch Llywarch. He married Marared ferch Madog. His son, Llywelyn the Great, eventually united the realm and became known as Llywelyn Fawr and is one of Wales's most famous monarchs. Iorwerth received Nant Conwy as his inheritance from his father, Owain Gwynedd. However, he did not receive the crown succession, as was the normal tradition, because of his nose defect (his sobriquet 'Trwyndwn' means broken-nosed).", "Q299757": "Stepfanie Kramer (born Stephanie Lyla Kramer; August 6, 1956) is an American actress, writer, and singer/songwriter. She played detective Sgt. Dee Dee McCall on the NBC series Hunter. She was nominated for an Emmy in Special Class Programming and won Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress from First Americans in the Arts Awards in 1995, 2002, and 2003. Kramer has written and directed for television, and is also a singer.", "Q1209633": "Richard Harrison \"Dick\" Collins (born July 19, 1924, in Seattle) is an American jazz trumpeter.\nSeveral of Collins's parents and grandparents were professional musicians. Collins attended Mills College in 1946\u201347, where he studied music formally under Darius Milhaud, and moved with Milhaud to Paris for the next academic year. As a student at Mills, he first met Dave Brubeck, and while in Paris he played with Hubert Fol and Kenny Clarke. Once he returned to California, he began playing with Brubeck in his Bay Area-based octet, then completed his bachelor's degree in music at San Francisco State College. In the 1950s he performed and recorded with Charlie Barnet, Charlie Mariano, Nat Pierce, Paul Desmond, Cal Tjader, and Woody Herman. In 1957 he began working with Les Brown, an association that continued for nearly a decade and included worldwide tours.\nIn 1965 Collins took a position as a music librarian, which he held through 1967, and took a second position from 1971 to 1986, mostly receding from active performance. He still occasionally performed live or recorded, including with Nat Pierce, Mary Ann McCall, and Woody Herman.", "Q366797": "Adrenaline Mob is a Heavy Metal supergroup formed in early 2011 by singer Russell Allen, guitarist Mike Orlando and drummer Mike Portnoy. The band's current lineup consists of Allen, Orlando, and drummer Jordan Cannata.", "Q448143": "Mikhail Petrovich Artsybashev (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0440\u0446\u044b\u0431\u0430\u0301\u0448\u0435\u0432, Polish: Micha\u0142 Arcybaszew) (November 5, 1878 \u2013 March 3, 1927) was a Russian writer and playwright, and a major proponent of the literary style known as naturalism. He was the great grandson of Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko and the father of Boris Artzybasheff, who emigrated to the United States and became famous as an illustrator. Following the Russian Revolution, in 1923 Artsybashev emigrated to Poland where he died in 1927.", "Q377842": "Joseph Allen Frear Jr. (March 7, 1903 \u2013 January 15, 1993) was an American businessman and politician. A Democrat, he served as a United States Senator from Delaware from 1949 to 1961.", "Q309350": "Northwestern University (NU) is a private research university based in Evanston, Illinois, with other campuses in Chicago and Doha, Qatar, and academic programs and facilities in Miami, Florida; Washington, D.C.; and San Francisco, California. Along with its selective undergraduate programs, Northwestern is known for its Kellogg School of Management, Pritzker School of Law, Feinberg School of Medicine, Bienen School of Music, Medill School of Journalism, Media, Integrated Marketing Communications, School of Communication, and McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science.\nNorthwestern is a large research university with a comprehensive doctoral program, attracting nearly $800 million in sponsored research each year. As of January 2020, Northwestern has the twelfth-largest university endowment in the United States, valued at $11.1 billion.The university's former and present faculty and alumni include 19 Nobel Prize laureates, 38 Pulitzer Prize winners, six MacArthur Genius Fellows, 16 Rhodes Scholars, 65 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and two Supreme Court Justices. Northwestern's School of Communication is a leading producer of Academy Award, Emmy Award and Tony Award\u2013winning actors, actresses, playwrights, writers and directors.Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans, for whom the city of Evanston is named, and eight other lawyers, businessmen and Methodist leaders. Its founding purpose was to serve the Old Northwest Territory, an area that includes the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota. Instruction began in 1855 and women were admitted in 1869. Today, the main campus is a 240-acre (97 ha) parcel in Evanston, along the shores of Lake Michigan 12 miles north of downtown Chicago. The university's law, medical, and professional schools, along with its nationally ranked affiliated Northwestern Memorial Hospital, are located on a 25-acre (10 ha) campus in Chicago's Streeterville neighborhood. In 2008, the university opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar with programs in journalism and communication. In 2016, Northwestern opened its San Francisco space at 44 Montgomery St., which hosts journalism, engineering, and marketing programs.The university is a founding member of the Big Ten Conference and remains the only private university in the conference. The Northwestern Wildcats compete in 19 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA's Division I Big Ten Conference.", "Q340036": "Mani Haghighi (Persian \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc) born 4 May, 1969, is an Iranian film director, writer, film producer and actor.\n\n", "Q660663": "The district of Goms (French: District de Conches) is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It covers a larger area than its geographical counterpart, the geographical region of Goms, namely the upper most part of the Rh\u00f4ne valley between its source and Brig. It has a population of 4,440 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q1964231": "Oblomov (Russian: \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0418. \u0418. \u041e\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430, translit. Neskolko dney iz zhizni I. I. Oblomov) is a Soviet comedy/drama film directed by Nikita Mikhalkov. It was released by Mosfilm in 1980. The film's plot is based on the novel Oblomov (Russian: \u041e\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432), written by Ivan Goncharov, which tells the story of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, a middle-aged nobleman living in 19th century Saint Petersburg. This central character exemplifies the superfluous man concept found in 19th century Russian literature.", "Q1153591": "Teijir\u014d Toyoda (\u8c4a\u7530 \u8c9e\u6b21\u90ce, Toyoda Teijir\u014d, August 7, 1885 \u2013 November 21, 1961), was a career naval officer who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1941, and admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.", "Q319143": "Grizzly Falls is a 1999 adventure film about a boy and a bear, set in British Columbia in the early 20th century. It was written by Stuart Margolin and Richard Beattie and directed by Stewart Raffill.", "Q151197": "A combat engineer (also called field engineer, pioneer or sapper) in many armies is a soldier who performs a variety of construction and demolition tasks under combat conditions.\nThe combat engineer's goals involve facilitating movement and support of friendly forces while impeding those of the enemy. Combat engineers build fighting positions, fortifications, and roads. They conduct demolitions missions and clear minefields using specialized vehicles. Typical combat engineer missions include construction and breaching of trenches, tank traps and other fortifications; bunker construction; bridge and road construction or destruction; laying or clearing land mines; and combined arms breaching. Typically, a combat engineer is also trained as an infantryman, and combat engineer units frequently fight alongside the infantry or fight as infantry as a secondary mission.", "Q367489": "Ricky Tognazzi (born Riccardo Tognazzi; Italian pronunciation: [rik\u02c8kardo to\u0272\u02c8\u0272attsi]; 1 May 1955) is an Italian actor and film director. He has appeared in 50 films and television shows since 1963. His film The Escort was entered into the 1993 Cannes Film Festival.In 1991, he won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 41st Berlin International Film Festival for his film Ultra. Five years later, his film Strangled Lives won the Alfred Bauer Prize at the 46th Berlin International Film Festival.He is the son of film actor and director Ugo Tognazzi and the half-brother of actor Gianmarco Tognazzi and film director Maria Sole Tognazzi.\nIn 2016, he appeared as an out-of touch variety show host in the music video for \"Tutti Frutti\" by English rock band New Order.", "Q171247": "Ilya Nikolayevich Berezin (Russian: \u0418\u043b\u044c\u044f\u0301 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0437\u0438\u043d, 20 July 1818, Perm Governorate, Imperial Russia,\u2014 3 April 1896, Saint Petersburg, Imperial Russia) was a prominent Russian Orientalist, the major authority on the culture, languages and history of Turkey, Iran and Mongolia, the Meritorious Professor of Saint Petersburg University, who wrote both in Russian and French.\nAmong his acclaimed works written in Russian were The Library of Oriental Historians (\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, 1850\u20141851, 2 volumes), Travelling the East (\u041f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0443, 1849\u20141852, 2 volumes). The East Turkey Library (\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432, 1849\u20141854, 3 volumes), The Turkish Reader (\u0422\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f, 1857\u20141878, 3 volumes). His French-language works include Recherches sur les dialectes persans (1853), Catalogue des memoires et des medailles du cabinet numismatique de l\u2019universite de Casan (1855), Guide du voyageur en Orient. Dialogues arabes d\u2019apres trois principaux dialectes: de Mesopotamie, de Syrie et d'Egypte (1857). In 1872\u20141882 Ilya Berezin edited the Russian Encyclopedian Dictionary in 16 volumes.He was the recipient of numerous high-profile awards, including the Orders of St. Anna (1st class), St. Stanislaus {1st class) and St. Vladimir (3rd class).", "Q75971": "Dr. Erhard H\u00fcbener (4 August 1881 \u2013 3 June 1958) was a German politician and member of the German Democratic Party (DDP) until 1933. After World War II he engaged in rebuilding structures of self-rule in the Soviet occupation zone and was co-founder and member of the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (LDPD).", "Q90725": "Richard Felix Paul Wagner (25 August 1882 \u2013 14 February 1953) was the Chief of Design in the design office of the Deutsche Reichsbahn in Germany from its inception in 1922 to 1942. He held the rank of Reichsbahnoberrat. Richard Wagner was born in Berlin on 25 August 1882 and studied at the Charlottenburg Technical High School there from 1901 to 1906.", "Q797599": "Michael Babatunde Olatunji (born April 7, 1927 \u2013 April 6, 2003) was a Nigerian drummer, educator, social activist, and recording artist.", "Q212002": "Amanda Laura Bynes (born April 3, 1986) is an American former actress, best known for her work in television and film throughout the 1990s and 2000s.Bynes rose to prominence as a child star in the late 1990s and early 2000s on Nickelodeon through the sketch comedy series All That (1996\u20132000), and its spinoff series The Amanda Show (1999\u20132002). From 2002 to 2006, Bynes starred as Holly Tyler in the sitcom What I Like About You on The WB. Bynes made her feature film debut starring as Kaylee in Big Fat Liar (2002), and later went on to star in a number of successful movies, including What a Girl Wants (2003), She's the Man (2006), Hairspray (2007), Sydney White (2007) and Easy A (2010).In her highly publicized personal life, Bynes has struggled with substance abuse and has faced legal issues. Bynes announced an indefinite hiatus from acting in 2010 as she struggled with various personal problems.", "Q12054": "Bernard Werber (born 1961 in Toulouse) is a French science fiction writer, active since the 1990s. He is chiefly recognized for having written the trilogy Les Fourmis, the only one of his novels to have been published in English. This series weaves together philosophy, spirituality, science fiction, thriller, science, mythology and consciousness.", "Q202211": "Gandhi is a 1982 epic historical drama film based on the life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the leader of India's non-violent, non-cooperative independence movement against the United Kingdom's rule of the country during the 20th century. The film, a British-Indian co-production, was written by John Briley and produced and directed by Richard Attenborough. It stars Ben Kingsley in the title role.\nThe film covers Gandhi's life from a defining moment in 1893, as he is thrown off a South African train for being in a whites-only compartment, and concludes with his assassination and funeral in 1948. Although a practising Hindu, Gandhi's embracing of other faiths, particularly Christianity and Islam, is also depicted.\nGandhi was released in India on 30 November 1982, in the United Kingdom on 3 December, and in the United States on 10 December. It was nominated for Academy Awards in eleven categories, winning eight, including Best Picture and Best Director for Attenborough, Best Actor for Ben Kingsley, and Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen for Briley. The film was screened retrospectively on 12 August 2016 as the opening film at the Independence Day Film Festival jointly presented by the Indian Directorate of Film Festivals and Ministry of Defence, commemorating the 70th Indian Independence Day. The screenplay of Gandhi is available as a published book.\n\n", "Q503426": "Jesse Alexander Helms Jr. (October 18, 1921 \u2013 July 4, 2008) was an American politician and a leader in the conservative movement. He served from 1973 until 2003, and was elected five times as a Republican to the United States Senate from North Carolina. As chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee from 1995 to 2001 he had a major voice in foreign policy. Helms helped organize and fund the conservative resurgence in the 1970s, focusing on Ronald Reagan's quest for the White House as well as helping many local and regional candidates.\nHelms was the longest-serving popularly elected Senator in North Carolina's history. He was widely credited with shifting the one-party state into a competitive two-party state. He advocated the movement of conservatives from the Democratic Party \u2013 which they deemed too liberal \u2013 to the Republican Party. The Helms-controlled National Congressional Club's state-of-the-art direct mail operation raised millions of dollars for Helms and other conservative candidates, allowing Helms to outspend his opponents in most of his campaigns. Helms was the most stridently conservative politician of the post-1960s era, especially in opposition to federal intervention into what he considered state affairs (including legislating integration via the Civil Rights Act and enforcing suffrage through the Voting Rights Act).\nAs long-time chairman of the powerful Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he demanded a staunchly anti-communist foreign policy that would reward America's friends abroad, and punish its enemies. His relations with the State Department were often acrimonious, and he blocked numerous presidential appointees. However, he worked smoothly with Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.In domestic affairs, Helms promoted industrial development in the South, seeking low taxes and few labor unions so as to attract northern and international corporations to relocate to North Carolina. On social issues, Helms was conservative. He was a master obstructionist who relished his nickname, \"Senator No\". He combined cultural, social and economic conservatism, which often helped his legislation win wide public support. He fought what he considered to be liberalism whenever it was on the agenda, opposing civil rights, disability rights, feminism, gay rights, affirmative action, access to abortions, the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), and the National Endowment for the Arts. Helms brought an \"aggressiveness\" to his conservatism, as in his rhetoric against homosexuality. The Almanac of American Politics once wrote that \"no American politician is more controversial, beloved in some quarters and hated in others, than Jesse Helms\".", "Q966151": "Jos\u00e9 Z\u00fa\u00f1iga (born 1965) is a Honduran-American actor.", "Q161732": "The 1st arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille.\n\nPopulation of neighbourhoods of the 1st arrondissement of MarseilleUnemployment rate, as of 8/3/1999Dwellings in areas as of 8/3/1999Population of neighbourhoods by age 8/3/1999", "Q290773": "No Vacation for Mr. Mayor (original title \"Pas de vacances pour Monsieur le Maire\") is a French comedy film from 1951, directed by Maurice Labro, written by Christian Duvaleix, starring Gr\u00e9goire Aslan and Louis de Fun\u00e8s.", "Q2113383": "The J\u00e4gerhorn is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It lies just north of Monte Rosa, at a height of 3,970 metres above sea level, and overlooks the village of Macugnaga on its east side (in the Italian region of Piedmont), 2,600 metres below. On its west side it overlooks the Gorner Glacier (Swiss canton of Valais).\nNear the summit (3,960 m) is located a small mountain hut, the Bivacco Citt\u00e0 di Gallarate. It is owned by the Italian Alpine Club.", "Q177150": "Christopher Murray (born March 19, 1957) is an American actor. He is the son of actors Don Murray and Hope Lange, as well as the stepson of film director Alan J. Pakula, Lange's second husband.He appeared in a number of notable films, beginning with Pakula's 1976 film All the President's Men. He appeared in two other films directed by Pakula, See You in the Morning (1989) and The Pelican Brief (1993). He has also appeared in the films I Am the Cheese (1983), And God Created Woman (1988), Just Cause (1995), Virtuosity (1995) and Dante's Peak (1997).He has also guest starred in a number of notable television series that include, Knots Landing, China Beach, L.A. Law, Murder, She Wrote, JAG, Beverly Hills, 90210, The West Wing, 24, 7th Heaven, Crossing Jordan, Parks and Recreation, Beyond Belief: Fact or Fiction and Mad Men. From 2005\u20132008, Murray had a recurring role as Dean Rivers on the Nickelodeon series Zoey 101, appearing on the show throughout its four-season run.\n\n", "Q214473": "Bantu Stephen Biko (18 December 1946 \u2013 12 September 1977) was a South African anti-apartheid activist. Ideologically an African nationalist and African socialist, he was at the forefront of a grassroots anti-apartheid campaign known as the Black Consciousness Movement during the late 1960s and 1970s. His ideas were articulated in a series of articles published under the pseudonym Frank Talk.\nRaised in a poor Xhosa family, Biko grew up in Ginsberg township in the Eastern Cape. In 1966, he began studying medicine at the University of Natal, where he joined the National Union of South African Students (NUSAS). Strongly opposed to the apartheid system of racial segregation and white-minority rule in South Africa, Biko was frustrated that NUSAS and other anti-apartheid groups were dominated by white liberals, rather than by the blacks who were most affected by apartheid. He believed that well-intentioned white liberals failed to comprehend the black experience and often acted in a paternalistic manner. He developed the view that to avoid white domination, black people had to organise independently, and to this end he became a leading figure in the creation of the South African Students' Organisation (SASO) in 1968. Membership was open only to \"blacks\", a term that Biko used in reference not just to Bantu-speaking Africans but also to Coloureds and Indians. He was careful to keep his movement independent of white liberals, but opposed anti-white racism and had white friends and lovers. The white-minority National Party government were initially supportive, seeing SASO's creation as a victory for apartheid's ethos of racial separatism.\nInfluenced by the Martinican philosopher Frantz Fanon and the African-American Black Power movement, Biko and his compatriots developed Black Consciousness as SASO's official ideology. The movement campaigned for an end to apartheid and the transition of South Africa toward universal suffrage and a socialist economy. It organised Black Community Programmes (BCPs) and focused on the psychological empowerment of black people. Biko believed that black people needed to rid themselves of any sense of racial inferiority, an idea he expressed by popularizing the slogan \"black is beautiful\". In 1972, he was involved in founding the Black People's Convention (BPC) to promote Black Consciousness ideas among the wider population. The government came to see Biko as a subversive threat and placed him under a banning order in 1973, severely restricting his activities. He remained politically active, helping organise BCPs such as a healthcare centre and a cr\u00e8che in the Ginsberg area. During his ban he received repeated anonymous threats, and was detained by state security services on several occasions. Following his arrest in August 1977, Biko was beaten to death by state security officers. Over 20,000 people attended his funeral.\nBiko's fame spread posthumously. He became the subject of numerous songs and works of art, while a 1978 biography by his friend Donald Woods formed the basis for the 1987 film Cry Freedom. During Biko's life, the government alleged that he hated whites, various anti-apartheid activists accused him of sexism, and African racial nationalists criticised his united front with Coloureds and Indians. Nonetheless, Biko became one of the earliest icons of the movement against apartheid, and is regarded as a political martyr and the \"Father of Black Consciousness\". His political legacy remains a matter of contention.", "Q13563196": "The White House press corps is the group of journalists, correspondents, or members of the media usually stationed at the White House in Washington, D.C., to cover the president of the United States, White House events, and news briefings. Their offices are located in the West Wing.", "Q157280": "Stepan Andriyovych Bandera (Ukrainian: \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430, Polish: Stepan Andrijowycz Bandera; 1 January 1909 \u2013 15 October 1959) was a head of a militant wing of the Ukrainian independence movement, and a leader and ideologist of Ukrainian nationalists.Born in Austrian Galicia, into the family of a Greek-Catholic priest, he became nationalistic from an early age. After the dissolution of Austria-Hungary Galicia became a short-lived West Ukrainian People's Republic, but was quickly annexed by Poland and was subjected to an extensive campaign of Polonization and Pacification. He became radicalised during this time, and after Polish authorities refused his request to leave for Czechoslovakia for studying, he enrolled in Lviv Polytechnic where he organized several nationalistic organizations. He was imprisoned in 1934 and was sentenced to death for orchestrating the assassination of the Polish Interior Minister, Bronis\u0142aw Pieracki, but his sentence was quickly commuted to life imprisonment. He escaped prison in 1939 when the Second Polish Republic collapsed after the joint Nazi-Soviet invasion and moved to the German-occupied zone.\nBandera cultivated German military circles favorable to Ukrainian independence, and organized OUN expeditionary groups. When Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union he prepared the 30 June 1941 Proclamation of Ukrainian statehood in Lviv. For his refusal to rescind the decree, Bandera was arrested by Gestapo, which put him under house arrest on 5 of July 1941 and later, between 1942 and 1943, sent him to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. In 1944, with Germany rapidly losing ground in the war in the face of the advancing Allied armies, Bandera was released, in the hope that he would be instrumental in deterring the advancing Soviet forces. He set up the headquarters of the re-established Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council, which worked underground. He settled with his family in West Germany where he remained the leader of the OUN-B and worked with several anti-communist organizations such as the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations as well as with the British intelligence agencies. Fourteen years after the end of the war, in 1959, Bandera was assassinated by KGB agents in Munich.On 22 January 2010, the outgoing President of Ukraine, Viktor Yushchenko, awarded Bandera the posthumous title of Hero of Ukraine. The European Parliament condemned the award; so did Russian, Polish and Jewish politicians and organizations. The incoming president, Viktor Yanukovych, declared the award illegal, since Bandera was never a citizen of Ukraine, a stipulation necessary for getting the award. This announcement was confirmed by a court decision in April 2010. In January 2011 the award was officially annulled. Nonetheless in December 2018 the Ukrainian parliament has moved to again confer the award to Bandera.Bandera remains a highly controversial figure in Ukraine, with some hailing him as a liberator who fought against both the Soviets and the Nazis state while trying to establish an independent Ukraine, while some others condemn him as a fascist and a war criminal who was, together with his followers, largely responsible for the killing of Polish civilians and partially for the Holocaust in Ukraine.", "Q25820": "Thomas Young FRS (13 June 1773 \u2013 10 May 1829) was a British polymath who made notable contributions to the fields of vision, light, solid mechanics, energy, physiology, language, musical harmony, and Egyptology. He \"made a number of original and insightful innovations\" in the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs (specifically the Rosetta Stone) before Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion eventually expanded on his work.\nYoung has been described as \"The Last Man Who Knew Everything\". His work informed that later done by William Herschel, Hermann von Helmholtz, James Clerk Maxwell, and Albert Einstein. Young is credited with establishing the wave theory of light, in contrast to the particle theory of Isaac Newton. Young's work was subsequently supported by the work of Augustin-Jean Fresnel.", "Q2386122": "Isaac Babbitt (July 26, 1799 in Taunton, Massachusetts \u2013 May 26, 1862 in Somerville, Massachusetts) was an American inventor. In 1839, he invented a bearing made of a low-friction tin-based metal alloy, Babbitt metal, that is used extensively in engine bearings today.Babbitt was a goldsmith by trade, who experimented with metal alloys. In 1824, he made the first Britannia metal manufactured in the United States, from which he sold table wares as Babbitt, Crossman & Company. As this proved financially unsuccessful, he withdrew, and in 1834 moved to Boston. There he engaged as superintendent for the South Boston Iron Company, better known as Alger's foundries, where he produced the first brass cannon in the United States. Also while there, in 1839, he invented the widely used anti-friction metal now known as Babbitt metal. For this invention he received in 1841 a gold medal from the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, and afterward the United States Congress granted him $20,000. He subsequently patented this material in England (1844) and in Russia (1847). For some time, he devoted his attention to the production of the metal, and he was also engaged in the manufacture of soap.", "Q692393": "Jack Martin Blades (born April 24, 1954) is an American musician. He has worked in several bands: Rubicon, Night Ranger (as bassist and one of the lead vocalists), and Damn Yankees (as one of the founding members). He also recorded with Tommy Shaw under the name Shaw Blades, and has done work alongside the Tak Matsumoto Group. His most recent efforts include a second solo CD. He is also a member of the band Revolution Saints.", "Q611924": "Ant\u00f4nio Erm\u00edrio de Moraes (June 4, 1928 \u2013 August 24, 2014) was a Brazilian billionaire businessman and the chairman of the Votorantim Group, one of the country's largest companies, focused on metals, paper, cement and frozen orange juice. He was the grandfather of IndyCar Series driver Mario Moraes.\nMoraes was also the president of the Benefic\u00eancia Portuguesa Hospital \u2013 located in S\u00e3o Paulo \u2013 which provides 60% of its services to citizens below the poverty line. His grandson Artur Freitas was recently announced as his successor in the presidency. Moraes was recently ranked number 316 on the Forbes list of billionaires, with an estimated fortune of $12.2 billion (ranked number 3 for Brazil). As of 2013, he was estimated to be worth R$25.68 billion with his family. During the course of his career, Moraes has had direct political involvement with campaigns to promote democracy, the improvement of the national health system and the generation of job opportunities. He ran for governor of S\u00e3o Paulo State in 1986, but lost the elections. He frequently published articles in newspapers and magazines of national circulation and is a member of the Academia Paulista de Letras.\nOn his death in 2014, ownership of Votorantim Group passed jointly to his two children, Maria Helena de Moraes and Ermirio Pereira de Moraes.", "Q314301": "Peter James Yates (24 July 1929 \u2013 9 January 2011) was an English film director and producer. He was born in Aldershot, Hampshire.", "Q173336": "Robert McGregor Innes Ireland (12 June 1930 \u2013 22 October 1993), was a British military officer, engineer, and motor racing driver. He was a larger-than-life character who, according to a rival team boss, \"lived without sense, without an analyst and provoked astonishment and affection from everyone.\"", "Q46405": "Bj\u00f8rnstjerne Martinius Bj\u00f8rnson ( BYURN-s\u0259n, Norwegian: [\u02c8bj\u00f8\u0302\u02d0\u0273stj\u00e6\u02d0\u0273\u0259 \u02c8bj\u00f8\u0302\u02d0\u0273s\u0254n]; 8 December 1832 \u2013 26 April 1910) was a Norwegian writer who received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature \"as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit\", becoming the first Norwegian Nobel laureate. Bj\u00f8rnson is considered to be one of The Four Greats (De Fire Store) among Norwegian writers, the others being Henrik Ibsen, Jonas Lie, and Alexander Kielland. Bj\u00f8rnson is also celebrated for his lyrics to the Norwegian National Anthem, \"Ja, vi elsker dette landet\".", "Q40074": "School Ties is a 1992 American sports-drama film directed by Robert Mandel and starring Brendan Fraser, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Chris O'Donnell, Cole Hauser, Randall Batinkoff, Andrew Lowery and Anthony Rapp. Fraser plays the lead role as David Greene, a Jewish high school student who is awarded an athletic scholarship to an elite preparatory school in his senior year.", "Q155497": "Barbara Hackman Franklin (born March 19, 1940) is an American government official, corporate director, and business executive. She served as the 29th U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 1992\u20131993 to President George H.W. Bush, during which she led a Presidential mission to China.\nPrior to her Cabinet position, Franklin served in the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and Ronald Reagan. She was one of the original Commissioners and first Vice Chair of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. In 2006, she received the Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service.\nFranklin has served on the board of directors of 18 companies, including Dow Chemical, Aetna Inc., Westinghouse, and Nordstrom. Directorship Magazine and the American Management Association named her one of the most influential people in corporate governance, and in 2014 she was inducted into the Directorship 100 Hall of Fame. She is currently the President and CEO of Barbara Franklin Enterprises, a private international consulting firm.\nFranklin was one of the first women graduates of the Harvard Business School. She is married to Wallace Barnes, retired chairman and CEO of Barnes Group, Inc.", "Q1382614": "John Godolphin Bennett (8 June 1897 \u2013 13 December 1974) was a British scientist, technologist, industrial research director, and author. He is best known for his books on psychology and spirituality, particularly on the teachings of G. I. Gurdjieff. Bennett met Gurdjieff in Istanbul in October 1920 and later helped to co-ordinate the work of Gurdjieff in England after the guru had moved to Paris. He also was active in starting the British section of the Subud movement, and co-founded its British headquarters.\nBennett was born in London, England; educated at King's College School, London; Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; School of Military Engineering, Chatham; and the School of Oriental Studies, London.\nHe was a Fellow of the Institute of Fuel, London, from 1938 onwards; Chairman, Conference of Research Associations, 1943\u20131945; Chairman, Solid Fuel Industry, British Standards Institution, 1937\u20131942; Chairman and Director, Institute for the comparative study of History, Philosophy, and the Sciences, Kingston upon Thames, 1946\u20131959.", "Q380212": "Grote Reber (December 22, 1911 \u2013 December 20, 2002) was an American pioneer of radio astronomy, which combined his interests in amateur radio and amateur astronomy. He was instrumental in investigating and extending Karl Jansky's pioneering work, and conducted the first sky survey in the radio frequencies.His 1937 radio antenna was the second ever to be used for astronomical purposes and the first parabolic reflecting antenna to be used as a radio telescope. For nearly a decade he was the world's only radio astronomer.\n\n", "Q209344": "The Sapienza University of Rome (Italian: Sapienza \u2013 Universit\u00e0 di Roma), also called simply Sapienza or the University of Rome, is a collegiate research university that is located in Rome, Italy. Formally known as Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Roma \"La Sapienza\", it is one of the largest European universities by enrollments and one of the oldest in history, founded in 1303. The University is one of the most prestigious Italian universities and in the world, commonly ranking first in national rankings and in Southern Europe. In 2018 it ranked 1st in the world for Classics and Ancient history.Most of the Italian ruling class studied at Sapienza. Sapienza educated numerous notable alumni, including many Nobel laureates, Presidents of the European Parliament and European Commissioners, heads of several nations, notable religious figures, scientists and astronauts. In September 2018, it was included in the top 100 of the QS World University Rankings Graduate Employability Ranking.", "Q2280221": "Shrewsbury School is an English independent boarding school for pupils aged 13 to 18 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. It was founded by Edward VI in 1552 by a Royal Charter.Shrewsbury is one of the original seven public schools as defined by the Public Schools Act 1868, and one of the 'great' nine identified by the Clarendon Commission of 1861. It was originally a boarding school for boys; girls have been admitted into the Sixth Form since 2008 and has been co-educational since 2015. There are approximately 130-day pupils.The present site, to which the school moved in 1882, is on the banks of the River Severn.The school's alumni \u2013 or \"Old Salopians\" \u2013 include naturalists, poets, academics, politicians, authors, sportsmen, actors, and military figures.\n\n", "Q726622": "Sir Max Hugh Macdonald Hastings (; born 28 December 1945) is a British journalist, who has worked as a foreign correspondent for the BBC, editor-in-chief of The Daily Telegraph, and editor of the Evening Standard. He is also the author of numerous books, chiefly on defence matters, which have won several major awards.", "Q19101": "Rome\u2013Fiumicino International Airport \"Leonardo da Vinci\" (Italian: Aeroporto Internazionale di Roma\u2013Fiumicino \"Leonardo da Vinci\"; IATA: FCO, ICAO: LIRF) is an international airport in Rome and the major airport in Italy. It is one of the busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic with almost 43 million passengers served in 2018.The airport serves as the main hub for Alitalia, the largest Italian airline, and Vueling, a Spanish low-cost carrier owned by International Airlines Group. Based on total passenger numbers, it is the eighth-busiest airport in Europe and was the world's 47th-busiest airport in 2017. It covers an area of 16 km2 and is named after polymath Leonardo da Vinci who, in 1480, designed a flying machine with wings and the first proto helicopter.", "Q49722": "Wolf Wondratschek (born August 14, 1943) is a German author. He was born in Rudolstadt in Thuringia.", "Q276584": "R5 was an American pop rock band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 2009. \nThe band consisted of Ross Lynch (lead vocals/rhythm guitar), Riker Lynch (bass guitar/vocals), Rocky Lynch (lead guitar/vocals), Rydel Lynch (keyboard/vocals), and Ellington Ratliff (drums/vocals). They released their first EP Ready Set Rock March 9th, 2010, but it was removed once Ross got his role on the Disney Channel Show Austin and Ally. They then released the EP Loud on February 19th, 2013 [1] Since releasing their debut album, Louder, on September 24, 2013, which peaked at #24 on the Billboard 200, they have toured across five continents. Their second album, Sometime Last Night, was released on July 10, 2015, and debuted at #6 on the Billboard 200 in the US, and in the top 20 in five other countries. They have also released five EPs, eleven singles, and a documentary called R5: All Day, All Night that was first released in theaters April 15, 2015.In 2018, it was announced that Ross and Rocky would be pursuing a different project under the name \"The Driver Era\". All of the band's social media accounts under the handle \"R5\" were changed to \"The Driver Era.\" Only Ross and Rocky are in The Driver Era.", "Q1542119": "United Artists Records was a record label founded by Max E. Youngstein of United Artists in 1957 to issue movie soundtracks. The label expanded into other genres, such as easy listening, jazz, pop, and R&B.", "Q163131": "The Hockenhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. Its summit is 3,293 metres high and lies between the upper Kandertal and the L\u00f6tschental. On its southern (Valais) side lies a glacier named Milibachgletscher.\nThe summit of the Hockenhorn is accessible by a trail starting at the L\u00f6tschen Pass. The southern side of the mountain is part of a ski area. The closest locality is Lauchernalp above Kippel.", "Q5369": "Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two opposing teams who take turns batting and fielding. The game proceeds when a player on the fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a ball which a player on the batting team tries to hit with a bat. The objective of the offensive team (batting team) is to hit the ball into the field of play, allowing its players to run the bases, having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called \"runs\". The objective of the defensive team (fielding team) is to prevent batters from becoming runners, and to prevent runners' advance around the bases. A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate (the place where the player started as a batter). The team that scores the most runs by the end of the game is the winner.\nThe first objective of the batting team is to have a player reach first base safely. A player on the batting team who reaches first base without being called \"out\" can attempt to advance to subsequent bases as a runner, either immediately or during teammates' turns batting. The fielding team tries to prevent runs by getting batters or runners \"out\", which forces them out of the field of play. Both the pitcher and fielders have methods of getting the batting team's players out. The opposing teams switch back and forth between batting and fielding; the batting team's turn to bat is over once the fielding team records three outs. One turn batting for each team constitutes an inning. A game is usually composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins. If scores are tied at the end of nine innings, extra innings are usually played. Baseball has no game clock, although most games end in the ninth inning.\nBaseball evolved from older bat-and-ball games already being played in England by the mid-18th century. This game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed. By the late 19th century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of the United States. Baseball is popular in North America and parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and East Asia, particularly in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.\nIn the United States and Canada, professional Major League Baseball (MLB) teams are divided into the National League (NL) and American League (AL), each with three divisions: East, West, and Central. The MLB champion is determined by playoffs that culminate in the World Series. The top level of play is similarly split in Japan between the Central and Pacific Leagues and in Cuba between the West League and East League. The World Baseball Classic, organized by the World Baseball Softball Confederation, is the major international competition of the sport and attracts the top national teams from around the world.", "Q59531": "Anatomy of Hell (French: Anatomie de l'enfer) is a 2004 French erotic drama film directed by Catherine Breillat and written by Breillat based on her 2001 novel Pornocratie. According to Breillat, Anatomy of Hell is a \"sequel\" to Romance.", "Q66919": "Wileroltigen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q4077": "G\u00f6rlitz ([\u02c8\u0261\u0153\u0250\u032fl\u026ats] (listen); Upper Lusatian dialect: Gerlz, Gerltz, and Gerltsch, Polish: Zgorzelec, Upper Sorbian: Zhorjelc, Lower Sorbian: Zg\u00f3rjelc, Czech: Zho\u0159elec) is a town in the German federal state of Saxony. Located in the region of Lusatia on the Lusatian Neisse River, it is the second largest town of Lusatia after Cottbus, and the largest in Upper Lusatia. Seat of the district of G\u00f6rlitz, Germany's easternmost district, its approximately 56,000 inhabitants also make G\u00f6rlitz the sixth largest town of the Free State of Saxony. It lies opposite the Polish town of Zgorzelec, which was part of G\u00f6rlitz until 1945. While not Lusatiophone itself, the town lies just east of the Sorbian-speaking parts of Lusatia.\nFrom 1815 until 1918, G\u00f6rlitz belonged to the Province of Silesia in the Kingdom of Prussia, and later to the Province of Lower Silesia in the Free State of Prussia. It is the largest town of the former Province of Lower Silesia that lies west of the Oder-Neisse line, east of which all German population was expelled en mass, and hence remains in Germany today. Thus it is both the most Silesian town, in terms of character, and the largest in Germany today. The town combines Lusatian and Silesian traditions as well as German and Sorbian culture. G\u00f6rlitz has a rich architectural heritage. Many movie-makers have used the various sites as locations.", "Q526842": "Anthony Charles Harris (1790\u20131869) was a noted collector of ancient Egyptian papyri. As antiquary, merchant, and official supplier of the army he was based in Alexandria, Egypt for the last four decades of his life. He made many journeys on the Nile to Upper Egypt where he acquired papyri and artefacts. An amateur, he had a good understanding of hieroglyphs, as was acknowledged by Heinrich Karl Brugsch.His collection included\n\nThe Great Harris Papyrus, also known as Papyrus Harris I, mostly lists of temple endowments by Ramses III, but also some historical writings, which Harris acquired in 1855\nThe Papyrus Harris II\nThe Papyrus Harris 500, a literary papyrus containing two tales and poetry\nThe Papyrus Harris 501 which contained a magical textSelima Harris, his natural daughter, offered his collection for sale in 1871 for \u00a310,000; and it was bought by Samuel Birch of the British Museum in 1872.\nFather and daughter are buried in the British Protestant Cemetery near the demolished Rosetta Gate in Alexandria, Egypt.", "Q239293": "Valerie Kathryn Harper (August 22, 1939 \u2013 August 30, 2019) was an American actress. She began her career as a dancer on Broadway, making her debut in the musical Take Me Along in 1959. Harper is best remembered for her role as Rhoda Morgenstern on The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1970\u20131977) and its spin-off Rhoda (1974\u20131978). For her work on Mary Tyler Moore, she thrice received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, and later received the award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for her work on Rhoda.\nFrom 1986 to 1987, Harper appeared as Valerie Hogan on the sitcom Valerie. Her film appearances include roles in Freebie and the Bean (1974) and Chapter Two (1979), both of which garnered her Golden Globe Award nominations. Harper returned to stage work in her later career, appearing in several Broadway productions. In 2010, she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her performance as Tallulah Bankhead in the play Looped.", "Q954849": "Torbj\u00f8rn Falkanger (8 October 1927 in Trondheim \u2013 16 July 2013) was a Norwegian ski jumper who was active in the late 1940s and early 1950s.\nFalkanger earned a silver medal at the 1952 Winter Olympics in ski jumping and also won the Holmenkollen ski festival ski jumping competition twice (1949 and 1950). For his ski jumping efforts, Falkanger was awarded the Holmenkollen medal in 1952 (Shared with Stein Eriksen, Heikki Hasu and Nils Karlsson.)\nFalkanger also took the Olympic Oath at the 1952 games in Oslo.\nHis career ended a few months ahead of the 1956 Winter Olympics, due to a fall in the ski jumping hill.", "Q164886": "Simon Mol (6 November 1973 in Buea, Cameroon \u2013 10 October 2008) was the pen name of Simon Moleke Njie, a Cameroon-born journalist, writer and anti-racist political activist. In 1999 he sought political asylum in Poland; it was granted in 2000, and he moved to Warsaw, where he became a well-known anti-racist campaigner.\nIn Poland, Mol was accused of knowingly spreading the HIV virus and was charged in the cases of eleven women and remanded in custody. However, Mol's trial was suspended due to his severe illness. He died from HIV-related complications on 10 October 2008.", "Q84744": "Carl Friedrich Wenzel (c.\u20091740 \u2013 February 26, 1793) was a German chemist and metallurgist who determined the reaction rates of various chemicals, establishing, for example, that the amount of metal that dissolves in an acid is proportional to the concentration of acid in the solution. Thus he was the first person to give the notion of equivalent weight and to publish a table of equivalent weights of acids and bases. Later Jeremias Benjamin Richter produced a larger table of equivalent weights.\nWenzel, whose first name is also spelled Karl, was born at Dresden in 1740. Disliking his father's trade of bookbinding, for which he was intended, he left home in 1755, and after taking lessons in surgery and chemistry at Amsterdam, became a ship's surgeon in the Dutch service. In 1766, tired of sea-life, he went to study chemistry at Leipzig, and afterwards devoted himself to metallurgy and assaying at his native place with much success.\nHe died at Freiberg.", "Q3718": "Dakar (English: ; French: [daka\u0281]; Wolof: Ndakaaru) is the capital and largest city of Senegal. The city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 2.45 million.The area around Dakar was settled in the 15th century. The Portuguese established a presence on the island of Gor\u00e9e off the coast of Cap-Vert and used it as a base for the Atlantic slave trade. France took over the island in 1677. Following the abolition of the slave trade and French annexation of the mainland area in the 19th century, Dakar grew into a major regional port and a major city of the French colonial empire. In 1902, Dakar replaced Saint-Louis as the capital of French West Africa. From 1959 to 1960, Dakar was the capital of the short-lived Mali Federation. In 1960, it became the capital of the Independent Republic of Senegal.\n\n", "Q123515": "Max Liebermann von Sonnenberg (21 August 1848 \u2013 17 November 1911) was a German officer who became noted as an anti-Semitic politician and publisher. He was part of a wider campaign against German Jews that became a central feature of nationalist politics in Imperial Germany in the late nineteenth century.", "Q962323": "Hunter Benedict Shepherd (born September 20, 1968) is an American musician, best known as the bassist of the rock band Soundgarden from 1990 to 2017.", "Q732643": "Hugh Alexander McDowell (31 July 1953 \u2013 6 November 2018) was an English cellist best known for his membership of the Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) and related acts.", "Q34939": "Steven Lawrence Whitmire (born September 24, 1959) is an American puppeteer who has worked on The Muppets and Sesame Street. Beginning his involvement with the Muppets in 1978, Whitmire inherited the roles of Kermit the Frog and Ernie, after Jim Henson's death in 1990; he performed the characters until 2016 and 2014, respectively. As part of the Muppet cast, he has appeared in multiple feature films and television series, performing a variety of characters on The Muppet Show, Sesame Street, and Fraggle Rock and during such occupations has worked for The Jim Henson Company, Sesame Workshop, and The Muppets Studio.", "Q360494": "Tanit Jitnukul (Thai: \u0e18\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e22\u0e4c \u0e08\u0e34\u0e15\u0e19\u0e38\u0e01\u0e39\u0e25, born in 1956 in Songkhla Province, Thailand) is a Thai film director, screenwriter and producer. Among his films is the 2000 historical battle epic, Bang Rajan. His nickname is \"Pued\" (\u0e1b\u0e37\u0e35\u0e14).", "Q179169": "George Ripley (October 3, 1802 \u2013 July 4, 1880) was an American social reformer, Unitarian minister, and journalist associated with Transcendentalism. He was the founder of the short-lived Utopian community Brook Farm in West Roxbury, Massachusetts.\nBorn in Greenfield, Massachusetts, George Ripley was pushed to attend Harvard College by his father and completed his studies in 1823. He went on graduate from the Harvard Divinity School and the next year married Sophia Dana. Shortly after, he became ordained as the minister of the Purchase Street Church in Boston, Massachusetts, where he began to question traditional Unitarian beliefs. He became one of the founding members of the Transcendental Club and hosted its first official meeting in his home. Shortly after, he resigned from the church to put Transcendental beliefs in practice by founding an experimental commune called Brook Farm. The community later converted to a model based on the work of Charles Fourier, although the community was never financially stable in either format.\nAfter Brook Farm's failure, Ripley was hired by Horace Greeley at the New York Tribune. He also published the New American Cyclopaedia, which made him financially successful. He built a national reputation as an arbiter of taste and literature before his death in 1880.", "Q99073": "Michael Dierks (born 21 July 1970) is a German actor from Cologne.", "Q359215": "Pharnaces I (Greek: \u03a6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2; lived 2nd century BC), fifth king of Pontus, was of Persian and Greek ancestry. He was the son of King Mithridates III of Pontus and his wife Laodice, whom he succeeded on the throne. Pharnaces had two siblings: a brother called Mithridates IV of Pontus and a sister called Laodice who both succeeded Pharnaces. He was born and raised in the Kingdom of Pontus.", "Q160438": "The Deutscher Werkbund (German Association of Craftsmen; German: [\u02c8d\u0254\u028ft\u0283\u0259r \u02c8v\u025brkb\u028and]) is a German association of artists, architects, designers, and industrialists, established in 1907. The Werkbund became an important element in the development of modern architecture and industrial design, particularly in the later creation of the Bauhaus school of design. Its initial purpose was to establish a partnership of product manufacturers with design professionals to improve the competitiveness of German companies in global markets. The Werkbund was less an artistic movement than a state-sponsored effort to integrate traditional crafts and industrial mass production techniques, to put Germany on a competitive footing with England and the United States. Its motto Vom Sofakissen zum St\u00e4dtebau (from sofa cushions to city-building) indicates its range of interest.", "Q617399": "Angelo Y. Castro Jr. (6 March 1945 \u2013 5 April 2012) was a Filipino broadcast journalist and actor. He was a news anchor for The World Tonight, the flagship news program of ABS-CBN and ANC. He anchored several ABS-CBN and ANC news and current events programs for the past 25 years. Castro is a recipient of the Ka Doroy Broadcaster of the Year award from the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas.Castro died at age 67 after succumbing to lung cancer. Philippine Presidential spokesperson Edwin Lacierda said Castro's death marks the \"end of an era of gentlemanly broadcasting.\"", "Q300360": "A Chorus Line is a 1985 American musical drama film directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Michael Douglas. The screenplay by Arnold Schulman is based on the book of the 1975 stage production of the same name by James Kirkwood Jr. and Nicholas Dante. The songs were composed by Marvin Hamlisch and Edward Kleban.\nThe film was released theatrically on December 13, 1985 by Columbia Pictures. It received mixed to negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing only $14 million from a $25 million budget.", "Q86153": "Robert Eberan von Eberhorst (23 October 1902 \u2013 14 March 1982), later known as Robert Eberan-Eberhorst, was a noted Austrian engineer, who designed the Auto Union Type D Grand Prix motor racing car.", "Q168064": "Zbigniew Girzy\u0144ski (born March 17, 1973 in Sierpc) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 8734 votes in 5 Toru\u0144 district, candidating from the Law and Justice list.", "Q318249": "Matthew Avery Modine (born March 22, 1959) is an American actor, activist and filmmaker, who rose to prominence through his role as United States Marine Corps Private Joker in Full Metal Jacket . His other film roles include the title character in Birdy, the high school wrestler Louden Swain in Vision Quest, Drake Goodman in Pacific Heights and Dr. Ralph Wyman in Short Cuts. On television, Modine portrayed Dr. Martin Brenner in Stranger Things, the oversexed Sullivan Groff on Weeds, Dr. Don Francis in And the Band Played On and Ivan Turing in Proof.\nModine has been nominated twice for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television for his work in And the Band Played On and What the Deaf Man Heard and won a Special Golden Globe for him and the rest of the ensemble in Short Cuts. He was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Special for And the Band Played On.", "Q55743870": "Guadalupe Santa Cruz (September 29, 1952 \u2013 January 25, 2015), also known as Lupe Santa Cruz, was an American writer, philosopher, visual artist and translator. She is considered one of the most energetic and varied protagonists of a generation of writers that emerged after the period of the 1973 Coup d'\u00c9tat in Chile. Author of numerous books, including Plasma, with which she received two important prizes in Chile: the Premio Novela In\u00e9dita Consejo Nacional del Libro y la Lectura and the Premio atenea. Also, in 2004, Plasma received the prize of the Book Council as a novel in the unpublished category. In addition, at the international level, she received the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation fellowship in 1998.", "Q960252": "Congregationalist polity, or congregational polity, often known as congregationalism, is a system of ecclesiastical polity in which every local church congregation is independent, ecclesiastically sovereign, or \"autonomous\". Its first articulation in writing is the Cambridge Platform of 1648 in New England. Among those major Protestant Christian traditions that employ congregationalism are those Congregational churches known by the Congregationalist name that descended from the Independent Reformed wing of the Anglo-American Puritan movement of the 17th century, Quakerism, the Baptist churches, as well as the Congregational Methodist Church. More recent generations have witnessed also a growing number of nondenominational churches, which are most often congregationalist in their governance.Congregationalism is distinguished from episcopal polity which is governance by a hierarchy of bishops, and is distinct from presbyterian polity in which higher assemblies of congregational representatives can exercise considerable authority over individual congregations.\nCongregationalism is not limited only to organization of Christian church congregations. The principles of congregationalism have been inherited by the Unitarian Universalist Association and the Canadian Unitarian Council. Most Jewish synagogues, many Sikh Gurdwaras and most Islamic mosques in the US operate under congregational government, with no hierarchies.", "Q447264": "Clayton Conrad Anderson (born February 23, 1959) is a retired NASA astronaut. Launched on STS-117, he replaced Sunita Williams on June 10, 2007 as a member of the ISS Expedition 15 crew. He is currently an author, a motivational speaker, and a Professor of Practice at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa.", "Q110861": "Johanna Christina Grund (born 17 July 1934 in Breslau \u2013 died 13 July 2017) was a German journalist, writer and politician with Die Republikaner (REP). She was a member of the European Parliament between 1989 and 1994.Grund was a leading member of the REP during the late 1980s and for a time served as deputy leader. However she became critical of the leadership of Franz Sch\u00f6nhuber as REP began to lose ground in elections in the late 1980s. As part of the power struggle Grund, along with Hans Dorn and Karl Richter, briefly gained control of the party journal Der Republikanische Anzeiger in 1990 before being forced out by Sch\u00f6nhuber and instead printing the dissident Deutsche Rundschau. Grund even served as interim leader of the party following Sch\u00f6nhuber's temporary resignation in 1990.Her opposition to his leadership led to her expulsion from the party, along with fellow MEP Harald Neubauer, after Sch\u00f6nhuber successfully saw off a challenge to his leadership in the summer of 1990. Following the formation of the German League for People and Homeland (DVLH) by Neubauer in January 1991 Grund joined the group along with fellow MEPs Peter K\u00f6hler and Hans-G\u00fcnther Schodruch, both of whom had resigned from REP in protest at Sch\u00f6nhuber's leadership. She continued to be involved in the production of Deutsche Rundschau, which became the party organ of DVLH until it was absorbed by Nation Europa in 1994.", "Q86635": "Franz Borkenau (December 15, 1900 \u2013 May 22, 1957) was an Austrian writer and publicist. Borkenau was born in Vienna, Austria, the son of a civil servant. As a university student in Leipzig, his main interests were Marxism and psychoanalysis. Borkenau is known as one of the pioneers of the totalitarianism theory.\n\n", "Q168702": "Lhotse (Nepali: \u0932\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0947 L'h\u014dts\u0113 [lo\u02d0tsi]; Tibetan: \u0f63\u0fb7\u0f7c\u0f0b\u0f62\u0fa9\u0f7a, lho rtse) is the fourth highest mountain in the world at 8,516 metres (27,940 ft), after Mount Everest, K2, and Kangchenjunga. Part of the Everest massif, Lhotse is connected to the latter peak via the South Col. Lhotse means \u201cSouth Peak\u201d in Tibetan. In addition to the main summit at 8,516 metres (27,940 ft) above sea level, the mountain comprises the smaller peaks Lhotse Middle (East) at 8,414 m (27,605 ft), and Lhotse Shar at 8,383 m (27,503 ft). The summit is on the border between Tibet of China and the Khumbu region of Nepal.", "Q9235": "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (; German: [\u02c8\u0261e\u02d0\u0254\u0281k \u02c8v\u026alh\u025blm \u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0d\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8he\u02d0\u0261l\u0329]; August 27, 1770 \u2013 November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher and an important figure of German idealism. He achieved recognition in his day and\u2014while primarily influential in the continental tradition of philosophy\u2014has become increasingly influential in the analytic tradition as well. Although Hegel remains a divisive figure, his canonical stature in Western philosophy is universally recognized.\nHegel's principal achievement was his development of a distinctive articulation of idealism, sometimes termed absolute idealism, in which the dualisms of, for instance, mind and nature and subject and object are overcome. His philosophy of spirit conceptually integrates psychology, the state, history, art, religion and philosophy. His account of the master\u2013slave dialectic has been influential, especially in 20th-century France. Of special importance is his concept of spirit (Geist, sometimes also translated as \"mind\") as the historical manifestation of the logical concept \u2013 and the \"sublation\" (Aufhebung, integration without elimination or reduction) \u2013 of seemingly contradictory or opposing factors: examples include the apparent opposition between necessity and freedom and between immanence and transcendence. Hegel has been seen in the twentieth century as the originator of the thesis, antithesis, synthesis triad, but as an explicit phrase it originated with Johann Gottlieb Fichte.Hegel has influenced many thinkers and writers whose own positions vary widely. Karl Barth described Hegel as a \"Protestant Aquinas\" while Maurice Merleau-Ponty wrote that \"all the great philosophical ideas of the past century\u2014the philosophies of Marx and Nietzsche, phenomenology, German existentialism, and psychoanalysis\u2014had their beginnings in Hegel.\"", "Q252354": "Ruben Armand \"Benny\" Mardones (born November 9, 1946) is an American pop singer and songwriter noted for his hit single \"Into the Night\", which hit the Top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart twice, in 1980 (#11) and again in 1989 (#20).", "Q2964775": "Christopher Scott Kyle (April 8, 1974 \u2013 February 2, 2013) was a United States Navy SEAL sniper. He served four tours in the Iraq War and was awarded several commendations for acts of heroism and meritorious service in combat. He was awarded one Silver Star Medal, four Bronze Star Medals with \"V\" devices, a Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal, and numerous other unit and personal awards.Kyle was honorably discharged from the U.S. Navy in 2009, and published his bestselling autobiography, American Sniper, in 2012. An eponymous film adaptation of Kyle's book, directed by Clint Eastwood, was released two years later. In 2013, Kyle was murdered by Eddie Ray Routh at the Rough Creek Lodge shooting range near Chalk Mountain, Texas. A former Marine with posttraumatic stress disorder, Routh was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison without parole.\n\n", "Q4799609": "Arthur Mitchell Sackler (August 22, 1913 \u2013 May 26, 1987) was an American psychiatrist and marketer of pharmaceuticals whose fortune originated in medical advertising and trade publications. He is remembered as a philanthropist and art collector.Sackler amassed the largest Chinese art collection in the world, which he donated to the Smithsonian. He provided the funds needed to build numerous art galleries and schools of medicine. Sackler's estate was estimated at $140 million.\n\n", "Q6106": "Portland (, PORT-l\u0259nd) is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County. It is a major port in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest, at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers. As of 2018, Portland had an estimated population of 653,115, making it the 25th most populated city in the United States and the second-most populous in the Pacific Northwest after Seattle. Approximately 2.4 million people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area (MSA), making it the 25th most populous in the United States. Its combined statistical area (CSA) ranks 19th-largest with a population of around 3.2 million. Approximately 60% of Oregon's population resides within the Portland metropolitan area.Named after Portland, Maine, the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail. Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the timber industry was a major force in the city's early economy. At the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous port cities in the world, a hub for organized crime and racketeering. After the city's economy experienced an industrial boom during World War II, its hard-edged reputation began to dissipate. Beginning in the 1960s, Portland became noted for its growing progressive political values, earning it a reputation as a bastion of counterculture.The city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro, the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States. The city government is notable for its land-use planning and investment in public transportation. Portland is frequently recognized as one of the world's most environmentally conscious cities because of its high walkability, large community of bicyclists, farm-to-table dining, expansive network of public transportation options, and over 10,000 acres (4,000 hectares) of public parks. As a result, Portland consistently ranks highly in quality of life in the United States. Its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. This climate is ideal for growing roses, and Portland has been called the \"City of Roses\" for over a century.", "Q1893861": "Marco Piccinini (born 1952 in Rome) is a Monegasque sport personality, businessman, and politician.", "Q96426": "Michael Szameit (1950 \u2013 30 May 2014) was a German science fiction writer.Born 1950 in Priessen (now part of Doberlug-Kirchhain), in East Germany, he became an electrician before beginning to study physics, which he had to abandon for health reasons. Later he worked as a sound technician, eventually becoming head of a recording studio for radio and television. From 1981 to 1984 he worked in the editorial office of the Neues Leben publishing house.\nIn 1984 he became a freelance writer. Today he lives in Hamburg and works as an editor and journalist for the German magazine Blinker.\nHis first short story was published 1976, his first novel (Red Alert in Tunnel Transterra) in 1982 by the Neues Leben publishing house.\nAccording to a poll held in 1990 by the club magazine Transfer of the SFC Andymon, he was at that point one of the four most popular science fiction writers in the then German Democratic Republic.", "Q514628": "Russell Lee (July 21, 1903 \u2013 August 28, 1986) was an American photographer and photojournalist, best known for his work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA). His images documented the ethnography of various American classes and cultures.", "Q441615": "Fatos Lubonja (born 1951) is an Albanian writer, analyst and dissident.", "Q90057": "Johanna von Koczian, n\u00e9e von K\u00f3czi\u00e1n-Miskolczy (born 30 October 1933) is a German actress. She grew up in Salzburg, Austria, where actor Gustaf Gr\u00fcndgens offered her a role at the Salzburg Festival. She later portrayed Anne Frank at the Schiller theater in Berlin, but her breakthrough in cinema was her role in the 1957 remake of Victor and Victoria. She has appeared in 60 films and television shows since 1955. She starred in the film The Marriage of Mr. Mississippi, which was entered into the 11th Berlin International Film Festival.She is the daughter of a German soldier, Gustav Freiherr von Koczian-Miskolczy (1877, Br\u00fcnn \u2013 1958, Oberndorf, and his wife Lydia Alexandra. After a brief marriage with film director Dietrich Haugk which ended in divorce in 1961, Johanna von Koczian was married to music producer Wolf Kabitzky, who died in July 2004. She is the mother of German actress Alexandra von Koczian.", "Q75965": "Robert Richard Lipinski (6 February 1867 - 18 April 1936) was a German unionist, politician and writer active in Germany's Social Democratic Party.", "Q1352637": "James Shannon Larkin (born April 24, 1967), is a musician best known as the drummer for rock band Godsmack. He replaced the previous drummer Tommy Stewart in June 2002. Prior to Godsmack, his previous bands were Amen, Candlebox, Ugly Kid Joe, and Souls at Zero (formerly Wrathchild America).\nShannon played drums for Godsmack for their albums Faceless, IV their EP The Other Side, The Oracle, 1000hp and their latest album When Legends Rise.", "Q84022": "Bossa Nova is a 2000 Brazilian-American romantic comedy film directed by Bruno Barreto. It deals with several interwoven stories about people finding and losing love in Rio de Janeiro. It stars Amy Irving (Barreto's wife and star of his earlier films A Show of Force, Carried Away, and One Tough Cop) as an English language teacher named Mary Ann.", "Q602794": "Antonio Lasciac (Italian) or Anton La\u0161\u010dak (Slovene) (21 September 1856 \u2013 26 December 1946) was an architect, engineer, poet and musician of Slovene descent, who designed the Khedive Palace in Istanbul and the Tahra Palace in Cairo.", "Q16540": "The Breithorn (German for literally \"broad horn\"; 13,661 ft. or 4,164 m) is a mountain range of the Pennine Alps with its highest peak of the same name (but also called Breithorn (Western Summit)), located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It lies on the main chain of the Alps, approximately halfway between the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa and east of the Theodul Pass. Most of the massif is glaciated and includes several subsidiary peaks, all located east of the main summit: the Central Breithorn, the western Breithorn Twin (or Eastern Breithorn), the Gendarm (or eastern Breithorn Twin) and the Roccia Nera. The main summit is sometimes distinguished by the name Western Breithorn (German: Breithorn (Westgipfel), Italian: Breithorn Occidentale). The nearest settlements are Zermatt (Valais) and St-Jacques (Aosta Valley).\n\nThe Breithorn is considered the most easily climbed 4,000 m Alpine peak. This is due to the Klein Matterhorn cable car which takes climbers to over 3,820 m (12,700 ft) from Zermatt for a starting point. The standard route (SSW flank) is from the Italian side of the mountain (the south side) and continues over a glacial plateau before climbing to the summit on a 35 degree snow slope. However, inexperienced mountaineers may run into severe difficulty if caution is not taken near cornices or in bad weather. For experienced climbers wanting more of a challenge, the half traverse of the Breithorn crest is another option.\nThe Breithorn was first climbed in 1813 by Henry Maynard (climber), Joseph-Marie Couttet, Jean Gras, Jean-Baptiste Erin and Jean-Jacques Erin.", "Q19673": "Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (born March 31, 1948) is an American politician and environmentalist who served as the 45th vice president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Gore was Bill Clinton's running mate in their successful campaign in 1992, and the pair was re-elected in 1996. Near the end of Clinton's second term, Gore was selected as the Democratic nominee for the 2000 presidential election but lost the election in a very close race after a Florida recount. After his term as vice-president ended in 2001, Gore remained prominent as an author and environmental activist, whose work in climate change activism earned him (jointly with the IPCC) the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007.\nGore was an elected official for 24 years. He was a representative from Tennessee (1977\u20131985) and from 1985 to 1993 served as a senator from that state. He served as vice president during the Clinton administration from 1993 to 2001. The 2000 presidential election was one of the closest presidential races in history. Gore won the popular vote, but after a controversial election dispute over a Florida recount (settled by the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled 5\u20134 in favor of Bush), he lost the election to Republican opponent George W. Bush in the Electoral College.\nGore is the founder and current chair of The Climate Reality Project, the co-founder and chair of Generation Investment Management and the now-defunct Current TV network, a member of the Board of Directors of Apple Inc., and a senior adviser to Google. Gore is also a partner in the venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins, heading its climate change solutions group. He has served as a visiting professor at Middle Tennessee State University, Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, Fisk University, and the University of California, Los Angeles. He served on the Board of Directors of World Resources Institute.Gore has received a number of awards that include the Nobel Peace Prize (joint award with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007), a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album (2009) for his book An Inconvenient Truth, a Primetime Emmy Award for Current TV (2007), and a Webby Award (2005). Gore was also the subject of the Academy Award-winning (2007) documentary An Inconvenient Truth in 2006. In 2007, he was named a runner-up for Time's 2007 Person of the Year.", "Q3350659": "Oliver Jeffers (born 1977) is a Northern Irish artist, illustrator and writer who now lives and works in Brooklyn. He went to the integrated secondary school Hazelwood College, then graduated from the University of Ulster in 2001.\n\n", "Q61910": "Adolf Brudes von Breslau (born in Gro\u00df Kottulin, near Breslau (now Wroc\u0142aw in Poland), 15 October 1899 \u2013 died in Bremen, 5 November 1986) was a Formula One driver from Germany and a member of German nobility. He started racing motorcycles in 1919. As an owner of a BMW and Auto Union dealership in Breslau, he had the opportunities to go racing, which he did from 1928 onwards, initially in hillclimbs. After World War II wiped out his business, he moved to Berlin and for a while became a mechanic, wherever he could find jobs. However he soon was back racing, and he continued until 1968, in hillclimbs \u2013 an amazing career of 49 years! He participated in one World Championship Grand Prix, the 1952 Gro\u00dfer Preis von Deutschland, but scored no championship points. He also participated in several non-Championship Formula One races.", "Q123273": "Alain de Botton, FRSL (; born 20 December 1969) is a Swiss-born British philosopher and author. His books discuss various contemporary subjects and themes, emphasizing philosophy's relevance to everyday life. He published Essays in Love (1993), which went on to sell two million copies. Other bestsellers include How Proust Can Change Your Life (1997), Status Anxiety (2004) and The Architecture of Happiness (2006).\nHe co-founded The School of Life in 2008 and Living Architecture in 2009. In 2015, he was awarded \"The Fellowship of Schopenhauer\", an annual writers' award from the Melbourne Writers Festival, for this work.", "Q612587": "Ruben Varosi Zaryan (Zarian, September 1, 1909, Alexandrapol \u2013 1994) was a Soviet Armenian theatre specialist, Doctor of Art history, Professor, awarded by the Renowned Master of the Armenian SSR title and medals.\nZaryan finished the Yerevan State University in 1936. He is the author of \"The struggle for Russian dramaturgy at Armenian theatre\", \"Theatral portraits\", \"Siranuysh\", \"Shekspaire of Adamyan\" and other books. Since 1958 - director of Armenian SSR Institute of Arts.", "Q3161428": "James Jewett Stillman (June 9, 1850 \u2013 March 15, 1918) was an American businessman who invested in land, banking, and railroads in New York, Texas, and Mexico. He was chairman of the board of directors of the National City Bank. He forged alliances with the Rockefeller family, Standard Oil and Kuhn, Loeb & Co. to lay a foundation that made it, arguably, \"the greatest bank in the Western Hemisphere.\" He engaged in an expansion policy that made National City the largest bank in the United States by 1894, the first to open foreign branches, and a leader in foreign exchange. By 1902, the bank was able to pay any sum of money to any city in the world within 24 hours. He was worth approximately $77 million at the time of his death, making him one of the wealthiest people in the country at the time.", "Q585643": "ATCO Records is an American label founded in 1955. It is owned by Warner Music Group and operates as an imprint of Atlantic Records. After several decades of dormancy, and infrequent activity under alternating Warner Music labels, the company was relaunched by Atlantic Records in early 2020.", "Q1920467": "Lorena Gale (May 9, 1958 \u2013 June 21, 2009) was a Canadian actress, playwright and theatre director. She was active onstage and in films and television since the 1980s. She also authored two award-winning plays, Ang\u00e9lique and Je me souviens.", "Q1290210": "Eduard Toldr\u00e0 Soler (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0259\u00f0u\u02c8a\u027et tul\u02c8d\u027ea]; Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa 7 April 1895 \u2013 Barcelona, 31 May 1962) was a Spanish Catalan conductor and composer.Toldr\u00e0 played an important role in the Culture of Barcelona. In 1944 he founded the Barcelona Symphony Orchestra at the Palau de la M\u00fasica Catalana, where his deputy in 1957 was his friend Ricardo Lamote de Grignon. Toldr\u00e0 was a regular juror on the Maria Canals International Music Competition. His students included Antoni Ros-Marb\u00e0 and Xavier Montsalvatge.\nThe personal papers of Eduard Toldr\u00e0 are preserved in the Biblioteca de Catalunya.", "Q2939466": "Carlos Tavares (born on August 14 1958) is a Portuguese businessman who serves as the chief executive officer and Chairman of the Managing Board of Groupe PSA, France's largest car manufacturer. He was formerly the chief operating officer at Renault", "Q79187": "Mizzi Kaspar or Mitzi Kaspar (1864-1907), was the royal mistress of Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria.", "Q104814": "Aliens is a 1986 American science fiction action film written and directed by James Cameron, produced by Gale Anne Hurd and starring Sigourney Weaver. It is the second installment of the Alien franchise. The film follows Weaver's character Ellen Ripley as she returns to the moon where her crew encountered the hostile Alien creature, this time accompanied by a unit of space marines. Additional roles are played by Carrie Henn, Michael Biehn, Paul Reiser, Lance Henriksen, Jenette Goldstein, William Hope, Al Matthews, and Bill Paxton.\nGordon Carroll, David Giler, and Walter Hill of Brandywine Productions, who produced the first film and its later sequels, served as executive producers on Aliens. They were interested in a follow-up to Alien as soon as its 1979 release, but the new management at 20th Century Fox postponed those plans until 1983. Brandywine picked Cameron to write after reading his script for The Terminator; when that film became a hit in 1984, Fox greenlit Aliens with Cameron as director and a budget of approximately $18 million. It was filmed in England at Pinewood Studios and at a decommissioned power plant in Acton, London.\nAliens was released on July 18, 1986, and grossed $180 million worldwide. It was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including a Best Actress nomination for Sigourney Weaver, winning both Sound Effects Editing and Visual Effects. It won eight Saturn Awards (Best Science Fiction Film, Best Actress for Weaver, Best Supporting Actor for Paxton, Best Supporting Actress for Goldstein, and Best Direction and Best Writing for Cameron), and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. Empire magazine voted it the \"Greatest Film Sequel of All Time\". Aliens was the seventh-highest-grossing film of 1986 in North America.\nA sequel, Alien 3, was released in 1992, with Weaver reprising her role as Ripley and Henriksen as Bishop in the film.", "Q363823": "Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg (2 January 1783 \u2013 22 July 1853) was a Danish painter. He was born in Bl\u00e5krog in the Duchy of Schleswig (now in Aabenraa Municipality, in the southern part of Jutland in Denmark), to Henrik Vilhelm Eckersberg, painter and carpenter, and Ingeborg Nielsdatter. He went on to lay the foundation for the period of art known as the Golden Age of Danish Painting, and is referred to as the Father of Danish painting.", "Q357566": "Domenico Starnone (born 1943) is an Italian writer, screenwriter and journalist.\nBorn in Saviano, near Naples, he has worked for several newspapers and satirical magazines, including L'Unit\u00e0, Il Manifesto, Tango, and Cuore, usually about episodes of his life as a high school teacher. He also works as screenwriter.\nThe movies La scuola (by Daniele Luchetti) and Denti (by Gabriele Salvatores) are based on his books.\nOne of his fictional books is Via Gemito, which won the Premio Strega in 2001. It was suggested in 2006 that the mysterious writer Elena Ferrante, author of L'amore molesto and I giorni dell'abbandono, is Starnone himself. In a collection of interviews, the Frantumaglia: A Writer's Jounrey, Ferrante addresses these speculations; she writes that in relation to the speculation that Ferrante is likely to be Starnone, due to her anonymity, and his feeling 'tired of everyone asking if he's' Ferrante', she expresses 'That he's right and I feel guilty. But I hold him in great esteem and I'm certain that he understands my motivations. My identity, my sex can be found in my writing. Everything that has sprouted up around that is yet more evidence of the character of Italians in the first years of the twenty-first century.'Starnone is married to Anita Raja, the literary translator who was said to be the author Elena Ferrante in a report by the Italian investigative journalist Claudio Gatti in 2016.", "Q456351": "Julio C\u00e9sar Cleto Cobos (born 30 April 1955) is an Argentine politician, serving as the Vice President of Argentina in the administration of President Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner from 2007 to 2011. He started his political career as member of the Radical Civic Union party (UCR), becoming Governor of the Province of Mendoza in 2003. He was expelled from the UCR in 2007, and was then selected by presidential candidate Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner, of the ruling Front for Victory (FpV), as her candidate for vice-president in the elections of that year, which they won.\nHis popular prestige got a big boost in 2008, when the Senate was voting on a controversial and contentious law to increase taxes on grain exports. The voting ended in a tie, which gave Cobos, as President of the Senate, the deciding vote. In a stunning and now notorious move, he voted against the law. This led to strong criticism from his party, who deemed him a traitor, and approval from sectors of the population that opposed the government. As he further distanced himself from the FPV, the UCR revoked his expulsion from the party. By 2010, he was considered a potential candidate for the 2011 presidential elections.", "Q1633760": "The Schwarzhorn (Italian: Punta Marani) is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps, located on the Swiss-Italian border, between the Binntal (Valais) and the Valle D\u00e8vero (Piedmont). It lies north of the Scherbadung.\nThe area is renowned for its unique minerals that are found here in a dolomitic host rock. Elements found are typically As, Fe, Pb, Sb.", "Q7220": "Emperor Houshao of Han (? \u2013 14 November 180 BC), personal name Liu Hong, was the fourth emperor of the Han dynasty in China. He was a son of Emperor Hui, likely by a concubine\u2014although there is some controversy on the subject\u2014and adopted by Emperor Hui's wife, Empress Zhang Yan. At the instigation of his grandmother, Empress Dowager L\u00fc, Empress Zhang had Emperor Houshao's mother put to death.\nVery little about Emperor Houshao's life and personality is known. There are only a few major important events in his life that are documented (which does not even include the year of his birth). In 188 BC, his father Emperor Hui died, and his brother Liu Gong succeeded to the throne as Emperor Qianshao. In 187 BC, he was made the Marquess of Xiangcheng. In 186 BC, after his brother Liu Buyi (\u5289\u4e0d\u7591), the Prince of Hengshan, died, he was made the Prince of Hengshan, and his name was changed to Liu Yi, likely because it was considered inappropriate to have one's name (or one's male ancestors' names) share characters with one's titles.\nSome time during or before 184 BC, Emperor Qianshao discovered that he was not, in fact, now-Empress Dowager Zhang's son and that his mother, like Prince Hong's mother, had been put to death. Emperor Qianshao made the mistake of publicly making the remark that when he grew up, Empress Dowager Zhang would pay for this. Grand Empress Dowager L\u00fc, once she heard of this, had Emperor Qianshao secretly imprisoned within the palace and publicly announced that he was severely ill and unable to receive anyone. \nAfter some time, Grand Empress Dowager L\u00fc told the officials that he continued to be ill and incapable of governing, and that he had also suffered a psychosis. She proposed that he be deposed and replaced. The officials complied with her wishes, and he was deposed and put to death. Prince Hong then succeeded his brother to the throne as Emperor Houshao and in effect as Grand Empress Dowager L\u00fc's indisputable puppet. Because Grand Empress Dowager L\u00fc was actually the ruling Absolute figure And he still had all the powers of the empire, one thing that is normally done when a new emperor succeeds to the throne\u2014the resetting of the calendar year to one\u2014was not done; rather, the calendar continued from the start of Emperor Qianshao's reign.\nIn the autumn of 180 BC, Grand Empress Dowager L\u00fc died of an illness. Emperor Houshao, however, still did not have actual powers, because power was still largely controlled by the L\u00fc clan. Indeed, the grand empress dowager's will required him to marry the daughter of her nephew L\u00fc Lu (\u5442\u7984) and make her empress. The officials of the imperial government, led by Chen Ping and Zhou Bo, however, formed a conspiracy against the L\u00fc clan, and they were successful in surprising the L\u00fc clan and slaughtering them. Afterwards, the conspirators met and made the assertion that none of the sons of Emperor Hui was actually his. Admitting that they were concerned that these imperial children, when they grew up, would take vengeance on the officials, the conspirators resolved to find a replacement emperor. \nAfter a period of disagreement, they settled on Emperor Houshao's uncle, Prince Liu Heng of Dai. Prince Heng soon arrived in the capital Xi'an and was declared emperor, and Emperor Houshao was deposed. Initially, one of the officials involved in the conspiracy, Emperor Houshao's cousin, Liu Xingju, the Marquess of Dongmou, merely expelled Emperor Houshao from the palace and had him stay at the Ministry of Palace Supplies. Some of the imperial guard still wished to resist the coup d'etat but were eventually persuaded by the officials to desist. Some time later that year, Emperor Houshao was executed. Historians are of the view that his wife, Empress L\u00fc, was also executed, but there is no explicit evidence to support this view.\nEmperor Houshao, considered to be a mere Full puppet of Grand Empress Dowager L\u00fc, is often omitted from the official list of emperors of the Han Dynasty.", "Q158821": "Drohobych (Ukrainian: \u0414\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0431\u0438\u0447; Russian: \u0414\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447; Polish: Drohobycz; Yiddish: \u05d3\u05e8\u05d0\u05b8\u05d4\u05d0\u05b8\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05e9\u200e;) is a city of regional significance in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Drohobych district. In 1939\u20131941 and 1944\u20131959 it was the center of Drohobych Oblast.\nThe city was founded at the end of eleventh century as an important trading post and transport node between Kyiv Rus' and the lands to the West of Rus'. After extinction of the local Ruthenian dynasty and subsequent incorporation of the Kingdom of Galicia\u2013Volhynia into the Polish Kingdom by 1349, from the fifteenth century the city was developing as a mercantile and saltworks centre. Drohobych became part of Habsburg Empire in 1772 after the first partition of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In the mid-nineteenth century it became Europe's largest oil extraction center, which significantly contributed to its rapid development. In the renascent, interwar Poland it was the center of a county within the Lw\u00f3w Voivodeship. In the outcome of World War II the city was incorporated into the Ukrainian part of the Soviet Union, which in 1991 became the independent Ukraine.\nThe city was the birthplace of such well-known personalities like Elisabeth Bergner, Yuriy Drohobych (Kotermak), Ivan Franko and Bruno Schulz. The city has several oil refineries. The Drohobych saltworks are considered to be the oldest in Europe. The estimated population of the city in 2016 was 76,686.", "Q120742": "Isabelle Moret, born Isabelle Zuppiger on December 30, 1970 in Lausanne, is a Swiss politician, member of the FDP.The Liberals, who lives in Yens-sur-Morges in the Canton of Vaud. She has been a member of the National Council since 2006. She is the President of the National Council for the 2019/2020 term.", "Q91371": "Erwin Heinz Ackerknecht (1 June 1906 in Stettin \u2013 18 November 1988 in Zurich) was an active and influential Trotskyist in the 1930s who had to flee Germany in 1933 after Hitler\u2019s rise to power. It was in the United States, the country that granted him citizenship, that Ackerknecht became an influential historian of medicine. He wrote groundbreaking works on the social and ecological dimensions of disease and was a forerunner of contemporary trends in social and cultural history. He became the first Chair in the history of medicine at the University of Wisconsin; the second such position in the United States.", "Q54993": "Vabank is a 1981 Polish comedy heist film written and directed by Juliusz Machulski, set in 1934 Warsaw (although actually filmed in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a and Piotrk\u00f3w Trybunalski).The film received several awards and nominations, among them:\n\nPolish Film Festival 1981 \u2013 Best Debut Director\nMystfest 1982 \u2013 Best FilmThe film's name is Polish for Va banque, a gambling term for when one is betting to win or lose all.", "Untitled1": "{\n \"cells\": [],\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"nbformat\": 4,\n \"nbformat_minor\": 4\n}\n", "Q167409": "Isham Edgar Jones (January 31, 1894 \u2013 October 19, 1956) was an American bandleader, saxophonist, bassist and songwriter.", "Q233786": "Andrea Kay Pyle (born November 16, 1972), known professionally as Missi Pyle, is an American actress and singer. She has appeared in a number of successful films, including Galaxy Quest (1999), Big Fish (2003), Bringing Down the House (2003), 50 First Dates (2004), DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story (2004), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay (2008), The Artist (2011), Gone Girl (2014), Captain Fantastic (2016), Traffik (2018), and Ma (2019). \nPyle has also appeared in various television series including The Wedding Bells (2007), Cleaners (2013-2014), Jennifer Falls (2014), Another Period (2015-2018), Bordertown (2016), Sing It! (2016), Mom (2017), The Soul Man (2016), and Impulse (2018). \nIn addition to acting, Pyle has worked as a musician. With actress Shawnee Smith, she served as half of Smith & Pyle, a country rock band. She also appeared in the music video for Foo Fighters' single \"Run\".", "Q563498": "Grigory Mikhailovich Pasko (\u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e, born 1962, Kreshchenovka, Ukraine) is a Russian journalist, former officer of the Russian Navy, Amnesty International-designated prisoner of conscience, and founding editor of Ecology and Law, an environmental and citizens' rights magazine.", "Q317142": "Leonardo Sciascia (Italian pronunciation: [leo\u02c8nardo \u0283\u02c8\u0283a\u0283\u0283a] (listen); 8 January 1921 \u2013 20 November 1989) was a Sicilian writer, novelist, essayist, playwright, and politician. Some of his works have been made into films, including Porte Aperte (1990; Open Doors), Cadaveri Eccellenti (1976; Illustrious Corpses), and Il giorno della civetta (1968; The Day of the Owl).", "Q81162": "Magdalen College ( MAWD-lin) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1458 by William of Waynflete. Today, it is one of the wealthiest colleges, with a financial endowment of \u00a3273.2 million as of 2018, and one of the strongest academically, setting the record for the highest Norrington Score in 2010 and topping the table twice since then. It is home to several of the University's distinguished chairs, including the Agnelli-Serena Professorship, the Sherardian Professorship, and the four Waynflete Professorships.\nThe large, square Magdalen Tower is an Oxford landmark, and it is a tradition, dating to the days of Henry VII, that the college choir sings from the top of it at 6 a.m. on May Morning. The college stands next to the River Cherwell and the Oxford botanic garden, and within its grounds has a deer park and Addison's Walk.", "Q203645": "Chalon-sur-Sa\u00f4ne (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0283a.l\u0254\u0303.sy\u0281.son]) is a commune in the Sa\u00f4ne-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9 in eastern France.\nIt is a sub-prefecture of the department. It is the largest city in the department; however, the department capital is the smaller city of M\u00e2con.", "Q178529": "Viktor Vasilyevich Grishin (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0438\u043d; 18 September [O.S. 5 September] 1914 \u2013 25 May 1992) was a Soviet politician. He was a candidate (1961\u20131971) and full member (1971\u20131986) of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.\nGrishin was born in Serpukhov, in the Moscow Governorate of the Russian Empire. In his early years, he worked on the Moscovy railroad, as a spike driver who retrofitted its railway system. He served in the Red Army from 1938 until 1940. In 1941, he was a Communist party functionary. He eventually rose to become leader of the Communist party in the city of Moscow from 1967 until 1985. He was renowned for his hardline stance.\nDuring the final months of Konstantin Chernenko's life, Grishin had been considered as a possible contender to succeed Chernenko as General Secretary, and as a possible alternative to Mikhail Gorbachev. In an attempt to stress his closeness to Chernenko, he dragged the terminally ill Soviet leader out to vote in early 1985. This action by Grishin backfired and was almost universally viewed as a cruel act. After Chernenko's death in March 1985, he declined to put himself forward as a candidate for succession and instead offered his support, albeit lukewarm, to Gorbachev. Gorbachev was subsequently unanimously elected as the General Secretary.\nIn late-December 1985, Grishin was replaced by Boris Yeltsin as the First Secretary of the Moscow party committee. On 18 February 1986, Grishin lost his position as a member of the Politburo.In a 1991 interview with the conservative Russian newspaper Molodaya Gvardiya, he claimed the only reason he lost was because \"younger Party leaders, such as Yegor Ligachev, supported Gorbachev because they feared that if I had become Party boss, they would lose their posts.\"\nOn 25 May 1992, Grishin died at the age of 77. He suffered a heart attack at a welfare office in Moscow, where he went to register an increase in his state pension.", "Q64850": "Ernst Wiechert (18 May 1887 \u2013 24 August 1950) was a German teacher, poet and writer.", "Q212990": "Kim Ki-duk (Korean: \uae40\uae30\ub355 Korean pronunciation: [kim\u0261id\u028ck]; born December 20, 1960) is a South Korean filmmaker noted for his idiosyncratic art-house cinematic works. His films have received many distinctions in the festival circuit, making him one of the most important contemporary Asian film directors. Major festival awards include Golden Lion at 69th Venice International Film Festival for Piet\u00e0, Silver Lion for Best Director at 61st Venice International Film Festival for 3-Iron, Silver bear for Best Director at 54th Berlin International Film Festival for Samaria and Un Certain Regard prize at 2011 Cannes Film Festival for Arirang. His most widely known feature is Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter... and Spring (2003), included in film critic Roger Ebert's Great Movies. Two of his films served as official submissions for Academy award for best foreign language film as South Korean entries. He has given scripts to several of his former assistant directors including Juhn Jai-hong (Beautiful and Poongsan) and Jang Hoon (Rough Cut).", "Q126333": "Franz-Josef Ulm (born March 9, 1964 in F\u00fcrth/Bavaria, West Germany) is a Structural Engineer, an Engineering Scientist and a Professor since 1999. He is Professor of Civil & Environmental Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the Faculty Director of the Concrete Sustainability Hub (CSHub@MIT). He is credited for discovering the nanogranular structure of Calcium-Silicate-Hydrates (C-S-H), the binding phase of concrete, and for the development of concepts of nanoengineering of concrete which combine advanced nanomechanics experiments with molecular simulation results. He speaks up for an environmental sustainable engineering, with \u201cgreener\u201d concrete with lower CO2 footprint, to reduce the carbon footprint of concrete; to enhance concrete's resilience; and reduce its impact on global warming.\n\n", "Q60747795": "Limetown is an American drama web television series, based on the podcast of the same name created by Zack Akers and Skip Bronkie, that premiered on Facebook Watch on October 16, 2019. The series stars Jessica Biel and Stanley Tucci.\nOn January 16, 2020, Facebook Watch canceled the series after one season.", "Q112096": "Georg von Habsburg (given names Paul Georg Maria Joseph Dominikus; born 16 December 1964, in Starnberg), referred to in Austria as Georg Habsburg-Lothringen, in Hungary as Habsburg Gy\u00f6rgy, and by his royal name as Archduke Georg of Austria, is the second son, and seventh and youngest child of Otto von Habsburg, the last Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary, and Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen.", "Q218503": "John William Ferrell (; born July 16, 1967) is an American actor, comedian, producer, writer and businessman. He first established himself in the mid-1990s as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live, and has subsequently starred in comedy films such as Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004), Talladega Nights (2006), Step Brothers (2008), The Other Guys (2010) and Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues (2013), all but one of which he co-wrote with his comedy partner Adam McKay. The two also founded the comedy website Funny or Die in 2007. Other film roles include Elf, Old School (both 2003), Blades of Glory (2007), Daddy's Home (2015), and the animated films Megamind (2010) and The Lego Movie (2014).\nFerrell is considered a member of the \"Frat Pack\", a generation of leading Hollywood comic actors who emerged in the late 1990s and the 2000s, including Jack Black, Ben Stiller, Steve Carell, Vince Vaughn, and brothers Owen and Luke Wilson. He received an Emmy Award nomination for his work on Saturday Night Live, and three Golden Globe Award nominations for acting in The Producers (2005) and Stranger than Fiction (2006) and for producing Vice (2018). He was also named the best comedian of 2015 in the British GQ Men of the Year awards. Ferrell received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 24, 2015.\n\n", "Q324588": "Joseph Roger Brown, MBE (born 13 May 1941) is an English entertainer. He has worked as a rock and roll singer and guitarist for more than six decades. He was a stage and television performer in the late 1950s and has been a UK recording star since the early 1960s. He has made six films, presented specialist radio series for BBC Radio 2, appeared on the West End stage alongside Dame Anna Neagle and has written an autobiography. In recent years he has again concentrated on recording and performing music, playing two tours of around 100 shows every year and releasing an album almost every year.\nDescribed by the Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums as a \"chirpy Cockney\", Brown was one of the original artists managed by the early rock impresario and manager Larry Parnes.\nHe is highly regarded in the music business as a \"musician's musician\" who \"commands respect and admiration from a wide spectrum of artists\".", "Q1976619": "Robert Rich (born 23 August 1963) is an ambient musician and composer based in California, United States. With a discography spanning over 30 years, he has been called a figure whose sound has greatly influenced today's ambient, new-age, and even IDM.\n\n", "Q236826": "Katharine Isabelle (born November 2, 1981) is a Canadian actress. She has been described as a scream queen due to her roles in various horror films. She started her acting career in 1989, playing a cameo role in the television series MacGyver. She gained fame for the role of Ginger Fitzgerald in the films Ginger Snaps, Ginger Snaps 2: Unleashed, and Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning.In 2007, in the United States, an article was published in which all the current \"scream queens\" were listed; Katharine Isabelle was one of the people on the list.", "Q181832": "Moshe Katsav (Hebrew: \u05de\u05b9\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05d4 \u05e7\u05b7\u05e6\u05b8\u05bc\u05d1; born 5 December 1945) is an Israeli former politician\u200a who was the eighth President of Israel from 2000 to 2007. He was also a leading Likud member of the Israeli Knesset and a minister in its cabinet. He was the second Mizrahi Jew to be elected to presidency (after Yitzhak Navon).\nThe end of his presidency was marked by controversy, stemming from allegations of rape of one female subordinate and sexual harassment of others. Katsav resigned the presidency in 2007 as part of a plea bargain. Katsav later rejected the deal with prosecutors and vowed he would prove his innocence in court. In an unprecedented case, on 30 December 2010, Katsav was convicted of two counts of rape, obstruction of justice and other charges. On 22 March 2011, in a landmark ruling, Katsav was sentenced to seven years in prison. Katsav appealed his conviction to the Supreme Court of Israel. On 10 November 2011, the Supreme Court affirmed Katsav's conviction and punishment.\nOn 7 December 2011, Katsav arrived at Maasiyahu Prison in Ramla to begin serving his seven-year sentence. He was released from prison, under restrictive conditions, on 21 December 2016, having served five years of his sentence.\n\n", "Q1136331": "Nu jazz, also known as jazztronica, is a genre of jazz and electronic music. The term was coined in the late 1990s to refer to music that blends jazz elements with other musical styles, such as funk, soul, electronic music, and free improvisation.", "Q3046": "Pforzheim (German pronunciation: [\u02c8pf\u0254\u0281tsha\u026am] (listen)) is a city of over 120,000 inhabitants in the federal state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, in the southwest of Germany. It is known for its jewelry and watch-making industry, and as such has gained the nickname \"Goldstadt\" (\"Golden City\"). With an area of 97.8 km2 (38 sq mi), it is situated between the cities of Stuttgart and Karlsruhe at the confluence of three rivers (Enz, Nagold and W\u00fcrm). It marks the frontier between Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg, being located on Baden territory. From 1535 to 1565, it was the home to the Margraves of Baden-Pforzheim.\nThe City of Pforzheim does not belong to any administrative district (Kreis), although it hosts the administrative offices of the Enz district that surrounds the town.\nDuring World War II, Pforzheim was bombed by the Allies a number of times. The largest raid, and one of the most devastating area bombardments of World War II, was carried out by the Royal Air Force (RAF) on the evening of 23 February 1945. Nearly one third of the town's population, 17,600 people, were killed in the air raid, and about 83% of the town's buildings were destroyed. The Allies believed that precision instruments were being produced here for use in the German war effort and that the town was a transport centre for the movement of German troops. The story of the bombardment is dramatically recounted in the history by Giles Milton, titled Wolfram: The Boy Who Went To War (2011).\nIn the twenty years following the end of the war, Pforzheim was gradually rebuilt. The town reflects the architecture of the postwar period and has some landmark buildings of the 1950s.", "Q61928": "Vaihingen an der Enz is located between Stuttgart and Karlsruhe, in southern Germany, on the western periphery of the Stuttgart Region. Vaihingen is situated on the river Enz, and has a population of around 30,000. The former 'district-capital' is now part of the district of Ludwigsburg in the Land (state) of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. It is 25 km northwest of Stuttgart, and 15 km west of Ludwigsburg. Not to be confused with Vaihingen, a district of Stuttgart.", "Q186185": "Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov (Russian: \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0442 \u0415\u0444\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432\u200b , Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov; Ukrainian: \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041e\u0445\u0440\u0456\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432, Klyment Okhrimovy\u010d Voro\u0161ylov), popularly known as Klim Voroshilov (Russian: \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043c \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432, Klim Voro\u0161ilov) (4 February 1881 \u2013 2 December 1969), was a prominent Soviet military officer and politician during the Stalin era. He was one of the original five Marshals of the Soviet Union (the highest military rank of the Soviet Union), along with Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army Alexander Yegorov, and three senior commanders, Vasily Blyukher, Semyon Budyonny, and Mikhail Tukhachevsky.", "Q77192": "Handrij Zejler (1 February 1804 \u2013 15 October 1872; official German name Andreas Seiler) was a Sorbian writer, pastor and national activist. He co-founded the Lusatian cultural and scientific society Ma\u0107ica Serbska.\nZejler was born on 1 February 1804 in S\u0142ona Bor\u0161\u0107 (German: Salzenforst), now a part of Budy\u0161in (Bautzen). He was an author of popular religious, love and patriotic poems, as well as the Sorbian national anthem Rjana \u0141u\u017eica, linguistic works, publicist works, ballads, satires, fables. He died on 15 October 1872 in \u0141az (Lohsa) near Wojerecy (Hoyerswerda).\nZejler is seen today as one of the founders of Sorbian national literature.", "Q57242": "August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue (German: [\u02c8a\u028a\u0261\u028ast f\u0254n \u02c8k\u0254ts\u0259bu]; 3 May [O.S. 22 April] 1761 \u2013 23 March [O.S. 11 March] 1819) was a German dramatist and writer who also worked as a consul in Russia and Germany.\nIn 1817, one of Kotzebue's books was burned during the Wartburg festival. He was murdered in 1819 by Karl Ludwig Sand, a militant member of the Burschenschaften. This murder gave Metternich the pretext to issue the Carlsbad Decrees of 1819, which dissolved the Burschenschaften, cracked down on the liberal press, and seriously restricted academic freedom in the states of the German Confederation.", "Q153974": "Barmen is a former industrial metropolis of the region of Bergisches Land, Germany, which merged with four other towns in 1929 to form the city of Wuppertal. Barmen, together with the neighbouring town of Elberfeld founded the first electric suspended monorail tramway system, the Schwebebahn floating tram. Barmen was a pioneering centre for both the early industrial revolution on the European mainland, and for the socialist movement and its theory. It was the location of one of the first concentration camps in Nazi Germany, KZ Wuppertal-Barmen, later better known as Kemna concentration camp.Oberbarmen (Upper Barmen) is the eastern part of Barmen, and Unterbarmen (Lower Barmen) the western part.", "Q305220": "Vanya Shtereva (Bulgarian: \u0412\u0430\u043d\u044f \u0429\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430) is a popular Bulgarian singer and writer. She's known for her eccentric attitude and image. She has written songs for a lot of Bulgarian artists such as Stenli, Antibiotika, Aksiniya, etc.\nHer first, and to date only, album is called \"In Vitro\" and was released in 2003. It gained little success due to poor promotion. Today, Vanya is the vocalist of the group MatchPoint. They released their first single in July 2007 charting #1 on MAD TV Bulgaria Top 10.\nHer first book \"Obraztsov dom\" was published in 2005 and since then has become one of the best selling books in Bulgaria by a contemporary author.", "Q386897": "Gilles Baril (born 24 March 1957) is a Canadian businessman, journalist and former politician in Quebec, Canada. He was a Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois member of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA).Born in Saint-Eug\u00e8ne-de-Guigues, Quebec, Baril has a B.A. in Journalism and Political Science from the University of Moncton. He defeated incumbent Camil Samson in 1981 and became the Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois Member of the National Assembly for the district of Rouyn-Noranda\u2013T\u00e9miscamingue at the age of 24. He became parliamentary assistant in 1984. In the 1985 election, he was defeated by another Gilles Baril, the candidate of the Quebec Liberal Party.From 1990 to 1994, Baril was Director of Pavillon du Nouveau Point de vue, an addiction intervention center. He also had a career in the media. Baril made a political comeback in 1994, when he was elected to the legislature in the district of Berthier. He served as a parliamentary assistant and was re-elected in 1998. From 1998 to 2002, Baril was a Member of the Cabinet of Premiers Lucien Bouchard and Bernard Landry. He also was his party's campaign manager.\nIn 2002 though, he resigned and left politics, after allegations of corruption were made against him and lobbying firm Oxyg\u00e8ne 9. From 2002 to 2005, Baril was in charge of the Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec International office in Santiago, Chile. After Hydro Qu\u00e9bec International, Baril is a Vice President in Quebec engineering and construction company DESSAU.", "Q104192": "Kleinmachnow is a municipality of about 20,000 inhabitants in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated southwest from the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf and east from Potsdam.\nFirst mentioned in the Landbuch of Karl IV in 1375, the place played an important role at the B\u00e4ke crossing, secured by multiple medieval castles. The last of these castles (none of which are preserved today) belonged to the Knights of Hake, a family which shaped the local history until the 20th century. The replacement of the B\u00e4ke with the Teltow Canal in 1906 brought the village the now listed historic Kleinmachnow Floodgate.\nIn the first half of the 20th century, Kleinmachnow grew from a rural village to a suburb municipality of the Berlin Metropolitan Area. The construction of the Berlin Wall cut Kleinmachnow off from West Berlin. The community's location near the border meant it was relatively isolated in the GDR. Since the German reunification, Kleinmachnow has been part of the growth of the countryside areas outside of Berlin.", "Q57524": "Rochus Misch (29 July 1917 \u2013 5 September 2013) was a German Oberscharf\u00fchrer (sergeant) in the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH). He was badly wounded during the Polish campaign during the first month of World War II in Europe. After recovering, from 1940 to April 1945, he served in the F\u00fchrerbegleitkommando (F\u00fchrer Escort Command; FBK) as a bodyguard, courier, and telephone operator for German dictator Adolf Hitler. He was widely reported in the media as being the last surviving occupant of the F\u00fchrerbunker when he died in September 2013.", "Q248452": "British North America refers to the British Empire's colonial territories in North America from 1783 to 1907, not including the Caribbean and Bermuda. The term was first used informally in 1783, but it was uncommon before the Report on the Affairs of British North America (1839), called the Durham Report. These territories today form modern-day Canada and the Pacific Northwest of the United States.\nEnglish colonization of North America began in the 16th century in Newfoundland, then began further south at Roanoke and Jamestown, Virginia, and reached its peak when colonies had been established through much of the Americas.", "Q47737": "Gibran Khalil Gibran (Arabic: \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200e, ALA-LC: Jubr\u0101n Khal\u012bl Jubr\u0101n, pronounced [\u0292\u028a\u02c8bra\u02d0n xa\u02c8li\u02d0l \u0292\u028a\u02c8bra\u02d0n], or Jibr\u0101n Khal\u012bl Jibr\u0101n, pronounced [\u0292\u026a\u02c8bra\u02d0n xa\u02c8li\u02d0l \u0292\u026a\u02c8bra\u02d0n]; January 6, 1883 \u2013 April 10, 1931), usually referred to in English as Kahlil Gibran (pronounced kah-LEEL ji-BRAHN), was a Lebanese-American writer, poet and visual artist, also considered a philosopher although he himself rejected the title. He is best known as the author of The Prophet, which was first published in the United States in 1923 and has since become one of the best-selling books of all time, having been translated into more than 100 languages. Born in a village of the Ottoman-ruled Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate to a Maronite family, the young Gibran immigrated with his mother and siblings to the United States in 1895. As his mother worked as a seamstress, he was enrolled at a school in Boston, where his creative abilities were quickly noticed by a teacher who presented him to photographer and publisher F. Holland Day. Gibran was sent back to his native land by his family at the age of fifteen to enroll at the Coll\u00e8ge de la Sagesse in Beirut. Returning to Boston upon his youngest sister's death in 1902, he lost his older half-brother and his mother the following year, seemingly relying afterwards on his remaining sister's income from her work at a dressmaker's shop for some time.\nIn 1904, Gibran's drawings were displayed for the first time at Day's studio in Boston, and his first book in Arabic was published in 1905 in New York City. With the financial help of a newly-met benefactress, Mary Haskell, Gibran studied art in Paris from 1908 to 1910. While there, he came in contact with Syrian political thinkers promoting rebellion in the Ottoman Empire after the Young Turk Revolution; some of Gibran's writings, voicing the same ideas as well as anti-clericalism, would eventually be banned by the Ottoman authorities. In 1911, Gibran settled in New York, where his first book in English, The Madman, would be published by Alfred A. Knopf in 1918 with writing of The Prophet or The Earth Gods also underway. His visual artwork was shown at Montross Gallery in 1914, and at the galleries of M. Knoedler & Co. in 1917. He had also been corresponding remarkably with May Ziadeh since 1912. In 1920, Gibran re-founded the Pen League with fellow Mahjari poets. By the time of his death at the age of 48 from cirrhosis and incipient tuberculosis in one lung, he had achieved literary fame on \"both sides of the Atlantic Ocean,\" and The Prophet had already been translated into German and French. His body was transferred to his birth village of Bsharri (in present-day Lebanon), to which he had bequeathed all future royalties on his books, and where a museum dedicated to his works now stands.\nAs worded by Suheil Bushrui and Joe Jenkins, Gibran's life has been described as one \"often caught between Nietzschean rebellion, Blakean pantheism and Sufi mysticism.\" Gibran discussed different themes in his writings, and explored diverse literary forms. Salma Khadra Jayyusi has called him \"the single most important influence on Arabic poetry and literature during the first half of [the twentieth] century,\" and he is still celebrated as a literary hero in Lebanon. At the same time, \"most of Gibran's paintings expressed his personal vision, incorporating spiritual and mythological symbolism,\" with art critic Alice Raphael recognizing in the painter a classicist, whose work owed \"more to the findings of Da Vinci than it [did] to any modern insurgent.\" His \"prodigious body of work\" has been described as \"an artistic legacy to people of all nations.\"", "Q2158806": "Robert Channing Seamans Jr. (October 30, 1918 \u2013 June 28, 2008) was a NASA Deputy Administrator and MIT professor.\n\n", "Q165578": "Jack David Zipes (born 1937) is an American academic and folklorist who has published and lectured on the subject of fairy tales, their evolution, and their social and political role in civilizing processes. According to Zipes, fairy tales \"serve a meaningful social function, not just for compensation but for revelation: the worlds projected by the best of our fairy tales reveal the gaps between truth and falsehood in our immediate society.\" His arguments are avowedly based on the critical theory of the Frankfurt School and more recently theories of cultural evolution.", "Q6475058": "Lake Brantley High School (LBHS) is located in Altamonte Springs, Florida, a suburban community approximately 13 miles (20 km) north of Orlando. It is a public high school serving grade levels 9\u201312 in Seminole County, FL, operated by Seminole County Public Schools. The school, which opened in 1972, ranked 79th on Newsweek magazine's 2005 list of the top 100 high schools in the United States and 424th in the 2009 Newsweek list.", "Q18233": "ABBA are a Swedish pop supergroup formed in Stockholm in 1972 by Agnetha F\u00e4ltskog, Bj\u00f6rn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson, and Anni-Frid Lyngstad. The group's name is an acronym of the first letters of their first names. They became one of the most commercially successful acts in the history of popular music, topping the charts worldwide from 1974 to 1982. ABBA won the Eurovision Song Contest 1974, giving Sweden its first triumph in the contest. They are the most successful group to have taken part in the competition.\nDuring the band's main active years, it was composed of two married couples: F\u00e4ltskog and Ulvaeus, and Lyngstad and Andersson. With the increase of their popularity, their personal lives suffered, which eventually resulted in the collapse of both marriages. The relationship changes were reflected in the group's music, with latter compositions featuring darker and more introspective lyrics. After ABBA disbanded, Andersson and Ulvaeus achieved success writing music for the stage, while Lyngstad and F\u00e4ltskog pursued solo careers. Ten years after their disbanding, a compilation, ABBA Gold was released, which became a worldwide bestseller.\nIn 1999, ABBA's music was adapted into the successful musical Mamma Mia! that toured worldwide. A film of the same name, released in 2008, became the highest-grossing film in the United Kingdom that year. A sequel, Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again, was released in 2018. That same year it was announced that the band had recorded two new songs after 35 years of being inactive.Estimates of ABBA's total record sales are over 380 million, making them one of the best-selling music artists of all time. ABBA were the first group from a non-English-speaking country to achieve consistent success in the charts of English-speaking countries, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States. They have a joint eight consecutive number-one albums in the UK. The group also enjoyed significant success in Latin America, and recorded a collection of their hit songs in Spanish. ABBA were honoured at the 50th anniversary celebration of the Eurovision Song Contest in 2005, when their hit \"Waterloo\" was chosen as the best song in the competition's history. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010. In 2015, their song \"Dancing Queen\" was inducted into the Recording Academy's Grammy Hall of Fame.", "Q71285": "Erika Rosenberg (born 24 June 1951 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an author, interpreter and journalist. She wrote a biography of Emilie Schindler.", "Q5351": "William IX (Occitan: Guilh\u00e8m de Peitieus; Guilhem de Poitou French: Guillaume de Poitiers,) (22 October 1071 \u2013 10 February 1127), called the Troubador, was the Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony and Count of Poitou (as William VII) between 1086 and his death. He was also one of the leaders of the Crusade of 1101. Though his political and military achievements have a certain historical importance, he is best known as the earliest troubadour\u2014a vernacular lyric poet in the Occitan language\u2014whose work survived.", "Q480717": "Konrad VI the Dean (Polish: Konrad VI Dziekan ) (ca. 1391 \u2013 3 September 1427) was a Duke of Ole\u015bnica, Ko\u017ale, half of Bytom and half of \u015acinawa since 1416 (with his brothers as co-rulers).\nHe was the third son of Konrad III the Old, Duke of Ole\u015bnica, by his wife Judith. Like his two older and two younger brothers, at his baptism he received the name of Konrad, which was characteristic in this branch of the House of Piast.", "Q126455": "Peter Hobbs (January 19, 1918 \u2013 January 2, 2011) was a French-born American character actor, known for roles on Broadway, television and film.", "Q215999": "Rudolf Wittkower (22 June 1901 \u2013 11 October 1971) was a British art historian specializing in Italian Renaissance and Baroque art and architecture, who spent much of his career in London, but was educated in Germany, and later moved to the United States. He was born and raised in Berlin, but had British citizenship his whole life, through his British father.", "Q91417": "Henry Villard (April 10, 1835 \u2013 November 12, 1900) was an American journalist and financier who was an early president of the Northern Pacific Railway.\nBorn and raised Ferdinand Heinrich Gustav Hilgard in the Rhenish Palatinate of the Kingdom of Bavaria, Villard clashed with his more conservative father over politics, and was sent to a semi-military academy in northeastern France. As a teenager, he emigrated to the United States without his parents' knowledge. He changed his name to avoid being sent back to Europe, and began making his way west, briefly studying law as he developed a career in journalism. He supported John C. Fr\u00e9mont of the newly established Republican Party in his presidential campaign in 1856, and later followed Abraham Lincoln's 1860 campaign.\nVillard became a war correspondent, first covering the American Civil War, and later being sent by the Chicago Tribune to cover the Austro-Prussian War. He became a pacifist as a result of his experiences covering the Civil War. In the late 1860s he married women's suffrage advocate Helen Frances Garrison, and returned to the U.S., only to go back to Germany for his health in 1870.\nWhile in Germany, Villard became involved in investments in American railroads, and returned to the U.S. in 1874 to oversee German investments in the Oregon and California Railroad. He visited Oregon that summer, and being impressed with the region's natural resources, began acquiring various transportation interests in the region. During the ensuing decade he acquired several rail and steamship companies, and pursued a rail line from Portland to the Pacific Ocean; he was successful, but the line cost more than anticipated, causing financial turmoil. Villard returned to Europe, helping German investors acquire stakes in the transportation network, and returned to New York in 1886.\nAlso in the 1880s, Villard acquired the New York Evening Post and The Nation, and established the predecessor of General Electric. He was the first benefactor of the University of Oregon, and contributed to other universities, churches, hospitals, and orphanages. He died of a stroke at his country home in New York in 1900.\n\n", "Q744935": "Kingfisher Airlines Limited was an airline group based in India. Through its parent company United Breweries Group, it had a 50% stake in low-cost carrier Kingfisher Red.\nUntil December 2011, Kingfisher Airlines had the second largest share in India's domestic air travel market. However, the airline ran into continuous losses since its inception, ran high debts and finally closed its operations in 2012. Its chairman Vijay Mallya subsequently fled to London to hide from creditors.", "Q108970": "Paul Georg Christoph von Krause (4 April 1852 \u2013 17 December 1923) was a German jurist and politician.", "Q385346": "Haldimand County is a rural city-status single-tier municipality (but called a county) on the Niagara Peninsula in Southern Ontario, Canada, on the north shore of Lake Erie, and on the Grand River. Municipal offices are located in Cayuga.\nThe county is adjacent to Norfolk County, the County of Brant, the City of Hamilton, and the Regional Municipality of Niagara.", "Q136646": "ZaSu Pitts (; born Eliza Susan Pitts; January 3, 1894 \u2013 June 7, 1963) was an American actress who starred in many silent dramas, including Erich von Stroheim's epic 1924 silent film Greed, and comedies, transitioning successfully to mostly comedy films with the advent of sound films. She also appeared on numerous radio shows. Her career as an entertainer spanned nearly 50 years, and she was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.", "Q301046": "Latter Days is a 2003 American romantic comedy-drama film about a gay relationship between a closeted Mormon missionary and his openly gay neighbor. The film was written and directed by C. Jay Cox and stars Steve Sandvoss as the missionary, Aaron, and Wes Ramsey as the neighbor, Christian. Joseph Gordon-Levitt appears as Elder Ryder, and Rebekah Johnson as Julie Taylor. Mary Kay Place, Erik Palladino, Amber Benson, and Jacqueline Bisset have supporting roles.\nLatter Days premiered at the Philadelphia International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival on July 10, 2003 and was released in various states of USA over the next 12 months. Later the film was released in a few other countries and shown at several gay film festivals. It was the first film to portray openly the clash between the principles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and homosexuality, and its exhibition in some U.S. states was controversial. Various religious groups demanded that the film be withdrawn from theaters and video stores under boycott threats.\nThe film was met with mixed reactions from film critics, but was popular with most film festival attendees. At the North American box office however, Latter Days only made $834,685, barely covering the production's costs with an estimated budget of $850,000. In 2004, freelance writer T. Fabris made Latter Days into a novel, which was published by Alyson Publications.\n\n", "Q117688": "Johannes le Francq van Berkhey (1729\u20131812) was an 18th-century painter, scientist, physician and poet from the Dutch Republic.", "Q6880": "Neunkirchen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8n\u0254\u028fnk\u026a\u0281\u00e7n\u0329]) is a town and a municipality in Saarland, Germany. It is the largest town in, and the seat of the district of Neunkirchen. It is situated on the river Blies, approx. 20 km northeast of Saarbr\u00fccken. With about 50,000 inhabitants, Neunkirchen is Saarland's second largest city.", "Q12078": "Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they can also have other causes. Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths. Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity or excessive drinking of alcohol. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants. In the developing world, 15% of cancers are due to infections such as Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human papillomavirus infection, Epstein\u2013Barr virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell. Typically, many genetic changes are required before cancer develops. Approximately 5\u201310% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person's parents. Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests. It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy.Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking too much alcohol, eating plenty of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, vaccination against certain infectious diseases, not eating too much processed and red meat and avoiding too much sunlight exposure. Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer. The benefits of screening in breast cancer are controversial. Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Pain and symptom management are an important part of care. Palliative care is particularly important in people with advanced disease. The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment. In children under 15 at diagnosis, the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80%. For cancer in the United States, the average five-year survival rate is 66%.In 2015, about 90.5 million people had cancer. About 14.1 million new cases occur a year (not including skin cancer other than melanoma). It caused about 8.8 million deaths (15.7% of deaths). The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and stomach cancer. In females, the most common types are breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and cervical cancer. If skin cancer other than melanoma were included in total new cancer cases each year, it would account for around 40% of cases. In children, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and brain tumors are most common, except in Africa where non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs more often. In 2012, about 165,000 children under 15 years of age were diagnosed with cancer. The risk of cancer increases significantly with age, and many cancers occur more commonly in developed countries. Rates are increasing as more people live to an old age and as lifestyle changes occur in the developing world. The financial costs of cancer were estimated at $1.16 trillion USD per year as of 2010.", "Q1174664": "David Haney (born 1955) is an American jazz pianist and publisher of Cadence magazine.\n\n", "Q98355": "Clemens Bittlinger (born 8 August 1959 in Mannheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, West Germany) is a German Protestant minister, author of books as well as a song writer of many new sacred songs (German: Neues Geistliches Lied, NGL) and children songs in German.", "Q2748696": "Ahmed Abukhater (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u200e) is an architect, environmental scientist, and an urban and regional planner by trade. He is an author, powerlifter, and the first athlete to represent Palestine at the World Association of Bench Pressers and Dead lifters (WABDL) World Powerlifting Championships in Las Vegas, Nevada in 2006.In November, 2007, Abukhater represented Palestine again in the WABDL World Championship, in Anaheim, California, where he won his division and set a new Palestinian world record.\nHe set a new record for the state of Illinois in 2004, and holds many national and international records in powerlifting.The 10-year-old WABDL, one of a handful of international lifting organizations, recognized his lift as a national record for Palestine. \"I think it was a groundbreaking experience,\" said Gus Rethwisch, the founder and president of the 4,200-member group. \"He's not an activist. He's not political. He's just passionate,\" Rethwisch said.\n\n", "Q7546": "Ernst Ingmar Bergman (14 July 1918 \u2013 30 July 2007) was a Swedish director, writer, and producer who worked in film, television, theatre and radio. Considered to be among the most accomplished and influential filmmakers of all time, Bergman's films include The Seventh Seal (1957), Wild Strawberries (1957), Persona (1966), Cries and Whispers (1972), Scenes from a Marriage (1973), Autumn Sonata (1978) and Fanny and Alexander (1982); the last two exist in extended television versions.\nBergman directed over sixty films and documentaries for cinematic release and for television screenings, most of which he also wrote. He also directed over 170 plays. He eventually forged a creative partnership with his cinematographers Gunnar Fischer and Sven Nykvist. Among his company of actors were Harriet and Bibi Andersson, Liv Ullmann, Gunnar Bj\u00f6rnstrand, Erland Josephson, Ingrid Thulin and Max von Sydow. Most of his films were set in Sweden, and many films from Through a Glass Darkly (1961) onward were filmed on the island of F\u00e5r\u00f6.\nPhilip French referred to Bergman as \"one of the greatest artists of the 20th century ... he found in literature and the performing arts a way of both recreating and questioning the human condition.\" Director Martin Scorsese commented; \"If you were alive in the 50s and the 60s and of a certain age, a teenager on your way to becoming an adult, and you wanted to make movies, I don't see how you couldn't be influenced by Bergman ....It's impossible to overestimate the effect that those films had on people.\"", "Q862469": "William Overton Smith (September 22, 1926 \u2013 February 29, 2020) was an American clarinetist and composer. He worked extensively in modern classical music, Third Stream and jazz, and was perhaps best known for having played with pianist Dave Brubeck intermittently from the 1940s to the early 2000s. Smith frequently recorded jazz under the name Bill Smith, but his classical compositions are credited under the name William O. Smith.", "Q235491": "Daniela Sofia Korn Ruah (born December 2, 1983) is a Portuguese-American actress best known for playing NCIS Special Agent Kensi Blye in the CBS police procedural series NCIS: Los Angeles.", "Q151811": "Must Love Dogs is a 2005 American romantic comedy film based on Claire Cook's 2002 novel of the same name. Starring Diane Lane and John Cusack, it is the second and final film directed and written by Gary David Goldberg and was produced on a budget of $30 million. The film focuses on a woman's struggle with divorce and meeting new people afterward.\nProduction started on October 12, 2004 with a final release date of July 29, 2005. Critics opinions were mostly negative but indicated that the actors were not to blame. Must Love Dogs took the fifth spot on its opening weekend and has grossed more than $58 million worldwide. The film was released on VHS and DVD on December 20, 2005.", "Q106791": "\u00c1ngela Molina Tejedor (born 5 October 1955) is a Spanish actress, and a daughter of Antonio Molina, Spanish singer and actor.", "Q286129": "Hippie Hippie Shake is an unreleased British drama film produced by Working Title Films. It is based on a memoir by Richard Neville, editor of the Australian satirical magazine Oz, and chronicles his relationship with girlfriend Louise Ferrier, the launch of the London edition of Oz amidst the 1960s counterculture, and the staff's trial for distributing an obscene issue. Hippie Hippie Shake stars Cillian Murphy as Richard Neville, with Sienna Miller as Louise.\nBritish film production company Working Title began development of Hippie Hippie Shake in 1998, but the film was repeatedly delayed, changing directors and screenwriters. In September 2007, the film finally began principal photography. In 2011, Working Title said that the film would not be released in cinemas.", "Q129772": "Xenophon of Athens (; Greek: \u039e\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd, Ancient Greek: [ksenop\u02b0\u0254\u0302\u02d0n], Xenoph\u014dn; c.\u2009431 BC \u2013 354 BC) was an ancient Greek historian, philosopher and soldier. Xenophon became commander of the Ten Thousand at about 30, with noted military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge saying of him, \u201cthe centuries since have devised nothing to surpass the \ngenius of this warrior.\u201d He established the precedent for many logistical operations and was among the first to use flanking maneuvers and feints. A student of Socrates, Xenophon is known for his writings and recording the history of his time (late-5th and early-4th centuries BC), in such works as Anabasis and Hellenica, which covered the final seven years and the aftermath of the Peloponnesian War (431\u2013404 BC), thus representing a thematic continuation of Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War.\nAs one of the Ten Thousand (Greek mercenaries), Xenophon participated in Cyrus the Younger's failed campaign to claim the Persian throne from his brother Artaxerxes II of Persia. He recounted the events in Anabasis, his most notable history. Like Plato, Xenophon is an authority on Socrates, about whom he wrote several books of dialogues (the Memorabilia) and an Apology of Socrates to the Jury, which recounts the philosopher's trial in 399 BC.\nDespite being born an Athenian citizen, Xenophon was also associated with Sparta, the traditional enemy of Athens. His pro-oligarchic politics, military service under Spartan generals in the Persian campaign and elsewhere, and his friendship with King Agesilaus II endeared Xenophon to the Spartans. Some of his works have a pro\u2013Spartan bias, especially the royal biography Agesilaus and the Constitution of the Spartans.\nXenophon's works span several genres and are written in plain-language Attic Greek, for which reason they serve as translation exercises for contemporary students of the Ancient Greek language. In the Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, Diogenes La\u00ebrtius observed that, as a writer, Xenophon of Athens was known as the \u201cAttic Muse\u201d, for the sweetness of his diction (2.6).", "Q291455": "Susan Clark (born Nora Golding; March 8, 1943) is a Canadian actress, known for her movie roles such as Coogan's Bluff and Colossus: The Forbin Project, and for her role as Katherine Papadopolis on the American television sitcom Webster, on which she appeared with her husband, Alex Karras.", "Q318503": "Mark Cuban (born July 31, 1958) is an American billionaire, entrepreneur, and investor. He is the owner of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s Dallas Mavericks, co-owner of 2929 Entertainment, and chairman of AXS TV. He is also one of the main \"shark\" investors on the ABC reality television series, Shark Tank. In 2011, Cuban wrote an e-book, How to Win at the Sport of Business, in which he chronicles his experiences in business and sports.His worth is an estimated $4.3 billion, according to Forbes and ranked #179 on the 2019 Forbes 400 list.", "Q742388": "Fernando Luis Rosario Mar\u00edn (born May 6, 1930), better known as Willie Rosario, is a musician, composer and bandleader of salsa music. He is also known as Mr. Afinque.", "Q205546": "Australia is a 1989 film directed by Jean-Jacques Andrien.", "Q297024": "Demetrios Vikelas (also Demetrius Bikelas; Greek: \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2; 15 February 1835 \u2013 20 July 1908) was a Greek businessman and writer; he was the first President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), from 1894 to 1896.\nAfter a childhood spent in Greece and Constantinople (now Istanbul), he found fortune in London, where he married. He then moved to Paris, on account of his wife. Abandoning business, he dedicated himself to literature and history, and published numerous novels, short stories and essays, which earned him a distinguished reputation.\nBecause of his reputation and the fact that he lived in Paris, he was chosen to represent Greece in a congress called by Pierre de Coubertin in June 1894, which decided to re-establish the Olympic Games and to organise them in Athens in 1896, designating Vikelas to preside over the organisation committee. After the Games were over, he stepped down, remaining in Athens until his death in 1908.", "Q192682": "Ryan Rodney Reynolds (born October 23, 1976) is a Canadian actor, comedian, film producer and entrepreneur. He began his career starring in the Canadian teen soap opera Hillside (1991\u20131993) and had minor roles before landing the lead role on the sitcom Two Guys and a Girl between 1998 and 2001. Reynolds then starred in a range of films, including comedies such as National Lampoon's Van Wilder (2002), Waiting... (2005), and The Proposal (2009). He also performed in dramatic roles in Buried (2010), Woman in Gold (2015), and Life (2017), and starred in action films such as Blade: Trinity (2004), Deadpool (2016), and 6 Underground (2019).\nReynolds' biggest commercial success came with the superhero films Deadpool (2016) and Deadpool 2 (2018), in which he played the title character. The former set numerous records at the time of its release for an R-rated comedy and his performance earned him nominations at the Critics' Choice Movie Awards and the Golden Globe Awards.\nReynolds was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2017. He was married to actress Scarlett Johansson from 2008 to 2011 and since 2012, has been married to actress Blake Lively, with whom he has three children.", "Q7223378": "The Union for the New Republic (French: L'Union pour la nouvelle R\u00e9publique, UNR), was a French political party founded on 1 October 1958 that supported Prime Minister Charles de Gaulle in the 1958 elections.", "Q87261": "Hede Massing, n\u00e9e \"Hedwig Tune\" (also \"Hede Eisler,\" \"Hede Gumperz,\" and \"Redhead\") (6 January 1900 \u2013 8 March 1981), was an Austrian actress in Vienna and Berlin, communist, and Soviet intelligence operative in Europe and the United States during the 1930s and 1940s. After World War II, she defected from the Soviet underground. She came to prominence by testifying in the second case of Alger Hiss in 1949; later, she published accounts about the underground.", "Q311241": "Robert Barisford Brown (born February 5, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, dancer and actor. Brown, alongside frequent collaborator Teddy Riley, is noted as a pioneer of new jack swing; a fusion of hip hop and R&B. Brown started his career in the R&B and pop group New Edition, from its inception in 1981 until his exit from the group in December 1985.Starting a solo career, Brown enjoyed commercial and critical success with his second album Don't Be Cruel (1988) which spawned five Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles including the number one hit \"My Prerogative\", and the Grammy Award-winning \"Every Little Step\". In 1989, Brown contributed two songs to the soundtrack of Ghostbusters II. In 1992, Brown married singer Whitney Houston, with whom he had a daughter named Bobbi Kristina Brown. The couple's drug abuse and domestic disputes made them tabloid fodder.Brown's next album Bobby (1992) spawned several hit singles including \"Humpin' Around\", \"Get Away,\" and \"Good Enough.\" However, sales of Bobby did not match its predecessor. Some surmise that this may have been due to Brown's recent marriage to Houston , and his decision to take a break from the business for reasons involving his marriage and impending new-fatherhood.\nBrown also starred in films such as A Thin Line Between Love and Hate and Two Can Play That Game. He returned to New Edition for a reunion album and tour from 1996 to 1997, and returned with all six members for another stint in 2005. Brown and Houston starred in the 2005 reality show Being Bobby Brown, and divorced two years later in 2007.", "Q98341": "Christine Enghaus, pseudonym of Johanne Louise Christine Engehausen, (9 February 1815 in Braunschweig \u2013 29 June 1910 in Vienna) was a German actress and wife of the German playwright Friedrich Hebbel.\n\n", "Q63695": "Johann Karl Rodbertus (August 12, 1805, Greifswald, Swedish Pomerania \u2013 December 6, 1875, Jagetzow), also known as Karl Rodbertus-Jagetzow, was a German economist and socialist and a leading member of the Linkes Zentrum (centre-left) in the Prussian national assembly. He defended the labor theory of value as well as the view, as an inference from that, that interest or profit is theft. He believed that capitalist economies tend toward overproduction.", "Q7552": "Pattie Maes (born 1961) is a professor in MIT's program in Media Arts and Sciences. She founded and directed the MIT Media Lab's Fluid Interfaces Group. Previously, she founded and ran the Software Agents group. She served for several years as both the head and associate head of the Media Lab's academic program. Prior to joining the Media Lab, Maes was a visiting professor and a research scientist at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab. She holds bachelor's and PhD degrees in computer science from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium.Maes' areas of expertise are human\u2013computer interaction, intelligent interfaces and ubiquitous computing. Maes is the editor of three books, and is an editorial board member and reviewer for numerous professional journals and conferences.She has received several awards: Newsweek magazine named her one of the \"100 people for the new century\"; TIME Digital selected her as a member of the Cyber-Elite (the top 50 technological pioneers of the high-tech world); the World Economic Forum honored her with the title Global Leader for Tomorrow; Ars Electronica awarded her the 1995 World Wide Web category prize; and in 2000 she was recognized with the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Massachusetts Interactive Media Council. In 1997, Maes was listed in People Magazine's annual 50 Most Beautiful People feature.Maes is married to computer graphics researcher Karl Sims.", "Q58603": "Moritz Johann Bleibtreu (German pronunciation: [\u02c8mo\u02d0\u0281\u026ats \u02c8jo\u02d0han \u02c8bla\u026apt\u0280\u0254\u028f]; born 13 August 1971) is a German actor.", "Q332498": "Brigham Young University (BYU, sometimes referred to colloquially as The Y) is a private research university located in Provo, Utah and owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The university is run under the auspices of its parent-organization, the Church Educational System (CES), and is classified among \"Doctoral Universities: High Research Activity\" with \"more selective, lower transfer-in\" admissions. The university's primary emphasis is on undergraduate education in 179 majors, but it also has 62 master's and 26 doctoral degree programs. The university also administers two satellite campuses, one in Jerusalem and one in Salt Lake City.\nStudents attending BYU agree to follow an honor code that mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings, such as academic honesty, adherence to dress and grooming standards, abstinence from extramarital sex and homosexual behavior, and no consumption of illegal drugs, coffee, tea, alcohol, or tobacco. Approximately 99 percent of the students are members of the LDS Church. The university curriculum includes religious education, with required courses in the Bible (KJV), LDS scripture, doctrine, and history, and the university sponsors weekly devotional assemblies with most speakers addressing religious topics. Sixty-six percent of students either delay enrollment or take a hiatus from their studies to serve as LDS missionaries. An education at BYU is less expensive than at similar private universities, since \"a significant portion\" of the cost of operating the university is subsidized by the church's tithing funds.BYU's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Cougars. Their college football team is an NCAA Division I Independent, while their other sports teams compete in either the West Coast Conference or Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. BYU's sports teams have won a total of nine NCAA national championships and were named National Champions in football by multiple publications in 1984.", "Q884846": "Blodwyn Pig was a British blues rock band, founded in 1968 by guitarist\u2013vocalist\u2013songwriter Mick Abrahams.", "Q1409336": "Richard Francis Vito (born October 13, 1949 in Darby, Pennsylvania, United States) is an American guitarist and singer. He was part of Fleetwood Mac between 1987 and 1991. Vito took over as lead guitarist after Lindsey Buckingham left Fleetwood Mac. He is best known for his blues and slide guitar style, whose influences include Elmore James, Robert Nighthawk, B.B. King, Alvino Rey, Les Paul, George Harrison, and Keith Richards.Vito has been a featured player on Bob Seger's albums since 1986. He played the slide guitar solo on the Bob Seger song \"Like a Rock\". He was a long-standing member of Bonnie Raitt's touring band in the 1990s. Rick also played with John Mayall, Jackson Browne, Little Richard, Roger McGuinn, Bobby Whitlock, Dobie Gray, John Fogerty, Delaney & Bonnie, Albert Collins, Dolly Parton, Maria Muldaur, and others. Vito tours often in Europe with his own band. He produced rockabilly singer Rosie Flores' CD, \"Speed of Sound.\" His CD/DVD production collaboration with Mick Fleetwood, Blue Again! was Grammy nominated in 2010. Vito is also the recipient of the W.C. Handy Blues Award. \"Mojo on My Side,\" was released in Europe in 2014, and worldwide in 2015 on Delta Groove Records with two new tracks. His latest CD, \"Soulshaker\" was released on 5th April, 2019.\nHe played with the Mick Fleetwood Blues Band at Byron Bay Bluesfest over Easter 2016.", "Q57530": "Gurbanguly M\u00e4likguly\u00fdewi\u00e7 Berdimuhamedow (born 29 June 1957) is a Turkmen politician who has been serving as the President of Turkmenistan since February 2007. Berdimuhamedow, a dentist by profession, served in the government under President Saparmurat Niyazov as Minister of Health beginning in 1997 and as Vice-President beginning in 2001. He became Acting President following Niyazov's death on 21 December 2006 and subsequently won the February 2007 presidential election. He faced no meaningful opposition in the vote and won by an overwhelming margin (89.23%). In the February 2012 presidential election, he was re-elected with 97% of the vote. In the February 2017 presidential election, he was re-elected to a third term with 97.69% of the votes.As with his predecessor, a personality cult is promoted around Berdimuhamedow. According to Human Rights Watch, Berdimuhamedow, his relatives, and his associates possess unlimited power and exercise total control over all aspects of public life. He uses the honorific title Arkadag, meaning \"protector\" in the Turkmen language.", "Q3394637": "The Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences or Kungliga Ingenj\u00f6rsvetenskapsakademien (IVA), founded on 24 October 1919 by King Gustaf V, is one of the royal academies in Sweden. The academy is an independent organisation, which promotes contact and exchange between business, research, and government, in Sweden and internationally. It is the world's oldest academy of engineering sciences.(OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Sweden 2012).\nThe academy awards several prizes: Large Gold Medal (since 1924), Gold Medal (since 1921), Brinell medal (Brinellmedaljen, since 1936, and named after Johan August Brinell), Gold Plaque (since 1951), Honorary Sign (since 1919), Axel F. Enstrom Medal (1959\u20131981), amongst others.", "Q104186": "Adam Karrillon (12 May 1853 \u2013 14 September 1938) was a German writer and physician. In 1923 he won the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize.", "Q1873761": "Lucy Mae Bruner Baxley Smith (December 21, 1937 \u2013 October 14, 2016) was an American politician who served from 2003 to 2007 as the 28th Lieutenant Governor of Alabama and from 2009 until 2013 as President of the Alabama Public Service Commission. She was the first woman to hold the state's office of lieutenant governor. In 2006, she was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for governor. In 2008, Lucy Baxley was elected President of the Alabama Public Service Commission, and was the only Democrat to win statewide that year. Until Democrat Doug Jones's victory over Republican Roy Moore in the 2017 U.S. Senate special election, Baxley was the most recent Democrat to hold statewide office in Alabama.", "Q48410": "Richard Tiffany Gere (IPA: GEER; born August 31, 1949) is an American actor and producer. He began in films in the 1970s, playing a supporting role in Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977) and a starring role in Days of Heaven (1978). He came to prominence with his role in the film American Gigolo (1980), which established him as a leading man and a sex symbol. He went on to star in many well-received films, including An Officer and a Gentleman (1982), The Cotton Club (1984), Pretty Woman (1990), Sommersby (1993), Primal Fear (1996), Runaway Bride (1999), I'm Not There (2007), Arbitrage (2012) and Norman: The Moderate Rise and Tragic Fall of a New York Fixer (2016). For portraying Billy Flynn in the Academy Award-winning musical Chicago (2002), he won a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award as part of the cast.", "Q729529": "Jonkheer Gerard Dagobert Hendrik Bosch van Drakestein (24 July 1887 \u2013 20 March 1972) was a track cyclist from the Netherlands, who represented his country at three Summer Olympics (1908, 1924 and 1928).\nHe was born in Mechelen, Belgium and died in The Hague.\nAfter having won a bronze at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, France (2000 m tandem), he won the silver medal four years later in the 1000 m individual time trial, aged 41.", "Q472595": "Outkast (stylized as OutKast) is an American hip hop duo formed in 1992 in East Point, Georgia, composed of Atlanta-based rappers Andr\u00e9 \"Andr\u00e9 3000\" Benjamin (formerly known as Dr\u00e9) and Antwan \"Big Boi\" Patton. The duo achieved both critical acclaim and commercial success from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s, helping to popularize Southern hip hop while experimenting with diverse genres such as funk, psychedelia, jazz, and techno.Benjamin and Patton formed the group as high school students in 1992. Outkast released their debut album Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik in 1994, which gained popularity after the single \"Player's Ball\" reached number one on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart. With successive releases including ATLiens (1996) and Aquemini (1998), the duo further developed their sound, experimenting with a variety of styles and achieving commercial success. In 2000, Outkast released the critically acclaimed Stankonia, which included the singles \"Ms. Jackson\" and \"B.O.B.\"\nIn September 2003, the duo released the double album Speakerboxxx/The Love Below, which featured the number one singles \"Hey Ya!\" and \"The Way You Move.\" The album won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year and was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America. Outkast next released the soundtrack for the 2006 musical film Idlewild, which they also starred in. In 2007, the duo went on hiatus and both members have since pursued solo careers. In 2014, Outkast reunited to celebrate their 20th anniversary by performing at more than 40 festivals worldwide, beginning at the Coachella Festival in April.The duo is one of the most successful hip hop groups of all time, having received six Grammy Awards. Between six studio albums and a greatest hits release, Outkast has sold over 25 million records. Meanwhile, they have garnered widespread critical acclaim, with publications such as Rolling Stone and Pitchfork Media listing albums such as Aquemini and Stankonia among the best of their era.", "Q79815": "Mulhouse (pronounced [myluz]; Alsatian: Milh\u00fcsa or Milh\u00fcse, [m\u026al\u02c8y\u02d0z\u0259]; German: M\u00fclhausen; i.e. mill house) is a city and commune in eastern France, close to the Swiss and German borders.\nWith a population of 109,443 in 2017, and 285,121 inhabitants in the metropolitan area in 2016, it is the largest city in the Haut-Rhin d\u00e9partement, and the second largest in the Alsace region after Strasbourg. Mulhouse is the principal commune of the 39 communes which make up the communaut\u00e9 d'agglom\u00e9ration of Mulhouse Alsace Agglom\u00e9ration (m2A, population 272,712).Mulhouse is famous for its museums, especially the Cit\u00e9 de l'Automobile (also known as the Mus\u00e9e national de l\u2019automobile, 'National Museum of the Automobile') and the Cit\u00e9 du Train (also known as Mus\u00e9e Fran\u00e7ais du Chemin de Fer, 'French Museum of the Railway'), respectively the largest automobile and railway museums in the world. An industrial town nicknamed \"the French Manchester\", Mulhouse is also the main seat of the Upper Alsace University, where the secretariat of the European Physical Society is found.", "Q390039": "Ardis Ankerson (September 29, 1915 \u2013 July 30, 1992), known as Brenda Marshall, was an American film actress.", "Q750954": "Filter is an American rock band formed in 1993 in Cleveland, Ohio by singer Richard Patrick and guitarist/programmer Brian Liesegang. The band was formed when Patrick desired to start his own band after leaving Nine Inch Nails as their touring guitarist. Their debut album, Short Bus, was released in 1995, and ended up going platinum, selling over one million copies, largely due to the success of the band's single \"Hey Man Nice Shot.\" After the album, the band would go through the first of many lineup changes, leaving Patrick as the only consistent member across all music releases.\nAfter Liesegang's departure in 1997, Patrick recorded a follow up album with the Short Bus touring band members, who became full-time members thereafter. The resulting effort, Title of Record, also went platinum, off the success of the song \"Take a Picture\", in 1999. A third album, The Amalgamut, was released in 2002 with the same members, though sales stalled with Patrick checking into rehab after years of heavy alcohol and drug abuse just as touring for the album had begun. The band went into hiatus while Patrick went to rehab, and then formed a new band, Army of Anyone, which released one self-titled album. After Army of Anyone went into hiatus, Patrick returned to Filter, releasing Anthems for the Damned in 2008, The Trouble with Angels in 2010, and The Sun Comes Out Tonight in 2013, with a revolving door of different musicians. A seventh studio album, Crazy Eyes, recorded with Patrick and another entirely new lineup, was released on April 8, 2016. In 2018, Brian Liesegang returned to Filter to work on a new album, reBus that was meant to musically be the follow up to Short Bus. Due to the PledgeMusic bankruptcy, reBus was shelved and Patrick has since been working on a new album with former and now present band member Jonathan Radtke.", "Q672539": "Bob Mansfield is an American hardware engineer working at Apple. He was formerly Senior Vice President of Technologies, before leaving that role to focus on unnamed future products. It has been claimed that he supervised the development of the Apple Watch or smart television products.", "Q18227": "Forrest James Ackerman (November 24, 1916 \u2013 December 4, 2008) was an American magazine editor, science fiction writer and literary agent, a founder of science fiction fandom, a leading expert on science fiction, horror, and fantasy films, and acknowledged as the world's most avid collector of genre books and movie memorabilia. He was based in Los Angeles, California.\nDuring his career as a literary agent, Ackerman represented such science fiction authors as Ray Bradbury, Isaac Asimov, A.E. Van Vogt, Curt Siodmak, and L. Ron Hubbard. For more than seven decades, he was one of science fiction's staunchest spokesmen and promoters.\nAckerman was the editor and principal writer of the American magazine Famous Monsters of Filmland, as well as an actor, from the 1950s into the 21st century. He appears in several documentaries related to this period in popular culture, like Famous Monster: Forrest J Ackerman (directed by Michael R. MacDonald and written by Ian Johnston), which premiered at the Egyptian Theatre in March 2009, during the Forrest J Ackerman tribute; The Ackermonster Chronicles! (a 2012 documentary about Ackerman by writer and filmmaker Jason V Brock); and Charles Beaumont: The Short Life of Twilight Zone's Magic Man, about the late author Charles Beaumont, a former client of The Ackerman Agency.Also called \"Forry\", \"Uncle Forry\", \"The Ackermonster\", \"Dr. Acula\", \"Forjak\", \"4e\" and \"4SJ\", Ackerman was central to the formation, organization and spread of science fiction fandom and a key figure in the wider cultural perception of science fiction as a literary, art, and film genre. Famous for his word play and neologisms, he coined the genre nickname \"sci-fi\". In 1953, he was voted \"#1 Fan Personality\" by the members of the World Science Fiction Society, a unique Hugo Award never granted to anyone else.He was also among the first and most outspoken advocates of Esperanto in the science fiction community.\n\n", "Q249758": "Derya Alabora (born August 19, 1959) is a Turkish actress.\nShe was born in Istanbul. She graduated from the theater department at the conservatory of Mimar Sinan University in 1982. She has won two Golden Orange awards for her roles in Masumiyet and Yenge\u00e7 Sepeti.", "Q112082": "Leonie Benesch (born 22 April 1991 in Hamburg) is an actor and celebrity who has played roles in major productions including Babylon Berlin and The Crown. She is a German national, based in London.", "Q217624": "Blanca Estrada (born 1950) is a Spanish retired actress and presenter best known for her roles throughout the 1970s and 80s in 20 films classified as uncovered cinema.\n\n", "Q973564": "Henry George \"Harry\" Ferguson (4 November 1884 \u2013 25 October 1960) was an Irish-born British mechanic and inventor who is noted for his role in the development of the modern agricultural tractor and its three point linkage system, for being the first person in Ireland to build and fly his own aeroplane, and for developing the first four-wheel drive Formula One car, the Ferguson P99.\nToday his name lives on in the name of the Massey Ferguson company.", "Q4840213": "Bad Boy South is a southern hip hop spin-off label of Bad Boy Records. The label was founded by Sean Combs in 2003.", "Q236832": "Autumn Reeser (born September 21, 1980) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Taylor Townsend on the Fox series The O.C., Lizzie Grant on HBO's Entourage, Katie Andrews on ABC's No Ordinary Family, and Leslie Bellcamp on E!'s The Arrangement. She has appeared in films The Girl Next Door (2004), So Undercover (2012), Clint Eastwood's Sully (2016), and ten Hallmark Channel's television films, in leading roles.", "Q1169621": "James Russell Lauderdale (born April 11, 1957) is an American country, bluegrass, and Roots singer-songwriter. Since 1986, he has released 31 studio albums, including collaborations with artists such as Dr. Ralph Stanley, Buddy Miller, and Donna the Buffalo. A \"songwriter's songwriter,\" his songs have been recorded by dozens of artists, notably George Strait, Gary Allan, Elvis Costello, Blake Shelton, the Dixie Chicks, Vince Gill, and Patty Loveless.", "Q38849": "Shintaro Ishihara (\u77f3\u539f \u614e\u592a\u90ce, Ishihara Shintar\u014d, born 30 September 1932) is a Japanese politician and author who was Governor of Tokyo from 1999 to 2012. Being the former leader of right-leaning Japan Restoration Party, Ishihara is one of the most prominent conservative right-wing politicians in modern Japanese politics.\nHis arts career included a prize-winning novel, best-sellers and work also in theater, film and journalism. His 1989 book, The Japan That Can Say No, co-authored with Sony chairman Akio Morita (released in 1991 in English), called on the authors' countrymen to stand up to the United States.\nAfter an early career as a writer and film director, Ishihara served in the House of Councillors from 1968 to 1972, in the House of Representatives from 1972 to 1995, and as Governor of Tokyo from 1999 to 2012. He resigned from the governorship to briefly co-lead the Sunrise Party, then joined the Japan Restoration Party and returned to the House of Representatives in the 2012 general election. He unsuccessfully sought re-election in the general election of November 2014, and officially left politics the following month.\n\n", "Q923353": "La Stampa (meaning The Press in English) is an Italian daily newspaper published in Turin, Italy. It is distributed in Italy and other European nations. It is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy.", "Q284058": "Alison Laura Carroll (born 21 May 1985) is an English gymnast, model, and actress. She was the live-action model of the video game character Lara Croft from 2008 to 2010.", "Q83761": "Eug\u00e8ne Fran\u00e7ois Charles Joseph Lamoral de Ligne d'Amblise et d'Epinoy (Brussels, 28 January 1804 \u2013 Brussels, 20 May 1880), 8th Prince of Ligne and of the Holy Roman Empire was a Belgian diplomat and liberal politician.\n\n", "Q115935": "Charles Morerod, O.P. (born 28 October 1961), is a Swiss Dominican prelate. Since 2011, he has been bishop of Lausanne, Gen\u00e8ve et Fribourg. Previously he served as Rector of the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (the Angelicum) and professor of dogmatic theology. and Secretary General of the International Theological Commission.", "Q176510": "William Andrew Wallace (November 28, 1827 \u2013 May 22, 1896) was an American lawyer and politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Democratic member of the United States Senate for Pennsylvania from 1875 to 1881. He also served as a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 20th district from 1863 to 1886 including as speaker in 1871.\n\n", "Q110695": "Ernst Reicher (19 September 1885 \u2013 1 May 1936) was a German-Jewish actor, screenwriter, film producer and film director of the silent era.", "Q88634": "Bernhard Rammerstorfer (born 1968) is an Austrian author and film director. His book Unbroken Will (German: Nein statt Ja und Amen) is a biography of the Austrian Jehovah's Witness and Holocaust survivor Leopold Engleitner. He later made a documentary film with the same title. His 2012 documentary Ladder in the Lions' Den, made with A. Ferenc Gutai, received a special jury mention at the online European International Film Festival in 2016, and took second place in the \"Best Festival Film\" category and won the \"Best Documentary Film Award\" at the Switzerland International Film Festival in 2018.", "Q158835": "The Prince-Bishopric of Li\u00e8ge or Principality of Li\u00e8ge was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, situated for the most part in present Belgium, which was ruled by the Bishop of Li\u00e8ge. As a prince, the Bishop held an Imperial Estate and had seat and voice at the Imperial Diet. The Prince-Bishopric of Li\u00e8ge should not be confused with the Bishop's diocese of Li\u00e8ge, which was larger.\nThe bishops of Li\u00e8ge acquired their status as a Prince-bishop between 980 and 985 when Bishop Notger, who had been the bishop of Liege since 972, received secular control of the County of Huy from Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor.\nThe Prince-Bishopric belonged from 1500 on to the Lower Rhenish\u2013Westphalian Circle. Its territory included most of the present Belgian provinces of Li\u00e8ge and Limburg, and some exclaves in other parts of Belgium and the Netherlands.\nIt briefly became a republic (the Republic of Li\u00e8ge) from 1789 to 1791, before reverting to a Prince-Bishopric in 1791. The role of the Bishop as prince permanently ended when the state was annexed by France in 1795. In 1815 the territories it had held became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and in 1830 they were within the part of that kingdom which split off to become Belgium.\nThe principality ruled by the bishops of Li\u00e8ge was never part of the Seventeen Provinces or the Spanish and Austrian Southern Netherlands, but from the 16th century onwards its politics were strongly influenced by the dukes of Burgundy and later the Habsburgs.\nIn 1559 its 1,636 parishes were grouped into eight archdeaconries, and twenty-eight councils, chr\u00e9tient\u00e9s (deaneries). The most important cities (bonnes villes) of the bishopric were: Li\u00e8ge, Beringen, Bilzen, Borgloon, Bree, Ch\u00e2telet, Ciney, Couvin, Dinant, Fosses-la-Ville, Hamont, Hasselt, Herk-de-Stad, Huy, Maaseik, Peer, Sint-Truiden, Stokkem, Thuin, Tongeren, Verviers, Vis\u00e9 and Waremme.\nThe city of Maastricht fell under the joint jurisdiction of the Prince-Bishop of Li\u00e8ge and the Duke of Brabant (later the States-General of the United Provinces). The second city of the prince-bishopric thus kept its status aparte throughout the ancien r\u00e9gime.", "Q203889": "Luton ( (listen)) is a large town, borough and unitary authority area of Bedfordshire, situated in the south east of England, but in the East of England region for administrative purposes. It has a population of 214,109 (mid-2018 est.) and is one of the most populous towns without city status in the United Kingdom. The town is situated on the River Lea, about 30 miles (50 km) northwest of London. The town's foundation dates to the sixth century as a Saxon outpost on the River Lea, from which Luton derives its name. Luton is recorded in the Domesday Book as Loitone and Lintone and one of the largest churches in Bedfordshire, St Mary's Church, was built in the 12th century. There are local museums which explore Luton's history in Wardown Park and Stockwood Park.Luton was for many years famous for hatmaking, and also had a large Vauxhall Motors factory. Car production at the plant began in 1905 and continued until the plant's closure in 2002. Production of commercial vehicles continues, and the head office of Vauxhall Motors is still in the town. London Luton Airport opened in 1938, and is now one of Britain's major airports, with three railway stations also in the town. The University of Bedfordshire was created from a merger with the University of Luton, and two of its campuses are in Luton.Luton Town Football Club, nicknamed \"the Hatters\" due to the town's connection to hatmaking, has had several spells in the top flight of the English league as well as a Football League Cup triumph in 1988. They play at Kenilworth Road, their home since 1905, and planning permission for a new larger stadium was approved in 2019. Luton International Carnival, the largest one-day carnival in Europe, is held on the day before the last Monday in May, and the Saint Patrick's festival is held on the weekend nearest to Saint Patrick's Day as there is a large Irish community in Luton. The town also has a large Pakistani community, which along with the Irish were attracted to employment at the Vauxhall car plant. Luton Hoo is an English country house, estate and Grade I listed building designed by Scottish architect Robert Adam.", "Q535812": "John Richard Hersey (June 17, 1914 \u2013 March 24, 1993) was an American writer and journalist. He is considered one of the earliest practitioners of the so-called New Journalism, in which storytelling techniques of fiction are adapted to non-fiction reportage. Hersey's account of the aftermath of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, was adjudged the finest piece of American journalism of the 20th century by a 36-member panel associated with New York University's journalism department.", "Q552889": "Marshall Manesh (born August 16, 1950 in Mashhad, Iran) is an Iranian-American actor.\nWhen Manesh was young, his father died; he was raised by his mother, from whom he feels he got his strength to make it in show business.He went to the United States in the mid-70s, joined the Persian Theater Group, and traveled extensively throughout the US, Canada and Europe for eight years.\nHis debut film was True Lies, directed by James Cameron. He has since appeared in more than 100 feature films, in television projects, and in more than 40 commercials.\nManesh has appeared in recurring roles on the television shows Will & Grace, Scrubs, Andy Barker, P.I., Hot in Cleveland, Boston Legal, and, most notably, How I Met Your Mother, where he played the Bangladeshi taxi driver Ranjit.He has also guest starred on many shows, including Burn Notice, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Joey, Persons Unknown, The X-Files, Scrubs, ER, JAG, NYPD Blue, Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life and Prison Break.\nManesh has acted in several movies, including True Lies, Stealing Harvard, The Big Lebowski, Kazaam, The Poseidon Adventure, Seeking a Friend for the End of the World, Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End, Jimmy Vestvood: Amerikan Hero, and the Vampire western A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night.He made a cameo appearance as the cab driver on Madonna's 2005 video for \"Hung Up\".\nHe served as a judge at the 6th annual Noor Iranian Film Festival.", "Q3453655": "Ruthless Records was the name of a Chicago punk record label. Founded in 1981 by the Effigies, it was not a real business, but a name used by Chicago and Minneapolis punk bands from 1981 to 1990: Big Black, the Effigies, End Result, Naked Raygun, Rifle Sport and Urge Overkill. The Effigies operated the label from its creation in 1981 until 1984, when they found the label to be distracting from their priorities with the band. They handed the label over to Big Black founder Steve Albini, who ran the label until it dissolved in 1990.\nRuthless Records was an independent label run as a cooperative by Jon Babbin (later founder of Criminal IQ Records), The Effigies, Naked Raygun and Steve Albini of Big Black fame. After the release of The Effigies' Haunted Town EP, frontman John Kezdy was dissatisfied with the way Autumn Records handled their expenses and decided to start the label with Babbin. Naked Raygun and Big Black came on board shortly after and all three acts worked together to get their initial records released. It wasn't really a company or anything of that sort, just a way for these bands to get their records out. The bands themselves were pretty much responsible for the creation and costs of their own records; Ruthless was just a central name/address to give the appearance of a record company to join like-minded bands.\nThe latter half of Ruthless' existence (from about 1985 on) was run almost exclusively by Steve Albini and most of the releases were by bands outside Chicago. The label ended around 1990.", "Q91365": "Hermann Joseph von Krippahl ComM, known as Herman Jos\u00e9 (born 19 March 1954 in Lisbon, Portugal), is a well-known Portugal-based German comedian, though virtually unknown abroad. His career has focused on television.\nHis mother is Portuguese and his father was German. He is in fact a German citizen: he never acquired dual citizenship, first so he could avoid conscription and the Portuguese Colonial War (1961\u201374) and secondly because he said \u201che was not interested\u201d. He went to Lisbon's German school Deutsche Schule Lissabon for all his schooling and is fluent in Portuguese, German, English and French. He lives in Azeit\u00e3o, Set\u00fabal, and keeps houses in Lisbon and Vilamoura, Algarve.", "Q264812": "Voices of a Distant Star (Japanese: \u307b\u3057\u306e\u3053\u3048, Hepburn: Hoshi no Koe, lit. \"Voices of a Star\") is a Japanese science fiction original video animation (OVA) short film created and animated by Makoto Shinkai. It follows the lives of two close childhood friends, a boy and a girl, who get separated once the girl is sent into space to fight in a war against aliens. As the 15-year-old girl goes deeper and deeper into space, the texts she sends take longer to reach the Earth; the film simultaneously follows her battles and the boy's life as he receives her texts over the years.\nThe OVA premiered in Japan in February 2002 in an advance screening. It was followed by two DVD releases on April 19 and October 6, 2002. ADV Films licensed the OVA for release in North American and the United Kingdom, Madman Entertainment licensed it for Australasia and Anime Limited, for the United Kingdom. In 2002, it won the Animation Kobe award for packaged work. It also won the 2003 Seiun Award for Best Media. It was very positively received by critics, who praised its artistic dimension, plot, and music; the English-language version, however was criticized for its dubbing.\nThe OVA was adapted into a drama CD by Pioneer LDC and a novel was written by Waku \u014cba, illustrated by Makoto Shinkai and Kou Yaginuma, and published by Media Factory's imprint MF Bunko J. Makoto Shinkai adapted a manga from the OVA, illustrated by Mizu Sahara; Kodansha serialized it in its manga magazine, Afternoon, from April 2004, and released the manga as a one-shot on February 23, 2005. The manga was licensed for a North American release by Tokyopop, which published it on August 1, 2006.", "Q9219": "The United States Military Academy (USMA), also known as West Point, Army, Army West Point, The Academy, or simply The Point, is a four-year federal service academy in West Point, New York. It was originally established as a fort that sits on strategic high ground overlooking the Hudson River with a scenic view, 50 miles (80 km) north of New York City. It is the oldest of the five American service academies.\nThe academy traces its roots to 1801, when President Thomas Jefferson directed that plans be set in motion to establish the United States Military Academy at West Point. The entire central campus is a national landmark and home to scores of historic sites, buildings, and monuments. The majority of the campus's Norman-style buildings are constructed from gray and black granite. The campus is a popular tourist destination, with a visitor center and the oldest museum in the United States Army.\nCandidates for admission must apply directly to the academy and receive a nomination, usually from a member of Congress. Other nomination sources include the President and Vice President. Students are officers-in-training and are referred to as \"cadets\" or collectively as the \"United States Corps of Cadets\" (USCC). Tuition for cadets is fully funded by the Army in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation. Approximately 1,300 cadets enter the Academy each July, with about 1,000 cadets graduating.\nThe academic program grants a bachelor of science degree with a curriculum that grades cadets' performance upon a broad academic program, military leadership performance, and mandatory participation in competitive athletics. Cadets are required to adhere to the Cadet Honor Code, which states that \"a cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do.\" The academy bases a cadet's leadership experience as a development of all four pillars of performance: academics, character, physical, and military.\nMost graduates are commissioned as second lieutenants in the Army. Foreign cadets are commissioned into the armies of their home countries. Since 1959, cadets have also been eligible for an interservice commission in one of the other armed services provided that they meet that service's eligibility standards. A small number of cadets do this.\nThe academy's traditions have influenced other institutions because of its age and unique mission. It was the first American college to have an accredited civil engineering program and the first to have class rings, and its technical curriculum became a model for engineering schools. West Point's student body has a unique rank structure and lexicon. All cadets reside on campus and dine together en masse on weekdays for breakfast and lunch. The academy fields 15 men's and 9 women's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports teams. Cadets compete in one sport every fall, winter, and spring season at the intramural, club, or intercollegiate level. Its football team was a national power in the early and mid-20th century, winning three national championships. Its alumni and students are collectively referred to as \"The Long Gray Line,\" and its ranks include two Presidents, the President of the Confederate States of America, presidents of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and the Philippines, numerous famous generals, and 76 Medal of Honor recipients.", "Q75791": "Claudia Benedikta Roth (born 15 May 1955 in Ulm) is a German Green Party politician. She was one of the two party chairs from 2004 to 2013 and currently serves as one of the vice presidents of the Bundestag.", "Q70819": "Heinrich Z\u00f6llner (July 4, 1854 \u2013 May 8, 1941 in Freiburg) was a German composer and conductor.", "Q547512": "\u00c9ric Duhaime is a Canadian conservative pundit and radio host. He writes for the Journal de Montr\u00e9al and the National Post. He is also a blogger. He participated in various blogs such as Les analystes and also ran a blog on the pages of Journal de Qu\u00e9bec (called En droite ligne). He hosts Le retour d'\u00c9ric Duhaime on FM93 in Quebec City. He also worked as part of public affairs programs broadcast on V, Tele-Quebec and 98,5 FM.\nIn 2010, \u00c9ric Duhaime co-founded the R\u00e9seau Libert\u00e9-Qu\u00e9bec and the page Quebec fier (RLQ) along with Joanne Marcotte, Roy Eappen, G\u00e9rard Lalibert\u00e9, Ian S\u00e9n\u00e9chal and Guillaume Leduc. The RLQ is a movement inspired by libertarianism advocating a revival of conservatism and right-wing nationalism in Quebec.Duhaime came out as gay in his 2017 book La fin de l'homosexualit\u00e9 et le dernier gay.", "Q69390": "Bodio is a municipality in the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q1319342": "Erastus Wells (December 2, 1823 \u2013 October 2, 1893) was a 19th-century politician and businessman from Missouri. Wells was born in Jefferson County, New York, and was the only son of Otis Wells, a descendant of Hugh Welles, an early colonist of Wethersfield, Connecticut. Otis Wells was a farmer and died when Erastus was only fourteen. Erastus was the grandson of Ethelinda Otis and a relation of John Otis, who helped found the town of Hingham, Massachusetts in 1635. Other notable relatives include James Otis, a successful lawyer, Harrison Gray Otis, a statesman and orator, Samuel A. Otis, one of the framers of the constitution of Massachusetts, and George Otis, a clergyman and author.Wells married Isabella Bowman Henry, daughter of Captain John Henry of Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1850. Isabella and Erastus Wells were the parents of three children, including former St. Louis Mayor Rolla Wells. Well's first wife died in 1877 and he was later remarried to Mrs. Eleanor P. Bell of St. Louis in 1869.", "Q92644": "Butler W. Lampson, ForMemRS, (born December 23, 1943) is an American computer scientist best known for his contributions to the development and implementation of distributed personal computing.", "Q352422": "Maurice Robert \"Mike\" Gravel (; born May 13, 1930) is an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Alaska from 1969 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he ran for president in the 2008 election and in the 2020 election (both times as a Democrat, though he also ran as a Libertarian in 2008 after briefly joining the Libertarian party). \nBorn and raised in Springfield, Massachusetts, by French-Canadian immigrant parents, Gravel served in the U.S. Army in West Germany, and later graduated from the Columbia University School of General Studies. He moved to Alaska in the late 1950s, becoming a real estate developer and entering politics. He served in the Alaska House of Representatives from 1963 to 1967 and also became Speaker of the Alaska House. Gravel was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1968.\nAs a senator, Gravel became nationally known for his forceful but unsuccessful attempts to end the draft during the War in Vietnam and for putting the Pentagon Papers into the public record in 1971 at some risk to himself. He conducted an unusual campaign for the Democratic nomination in 1972 for Vice President of the United States, and then played a crucial role in obtaining Congressional approval for the Trans-Alaska pipeline in 1973. He was reelected to the Senate in 1974, but gradually alienated his Alaskan constituents, and his bid for a third term was defeated in a primary election in 1980.\nGravel returned to business ventures and went through difficult times, suffering corporate and personal bankruptcies amid poor health. He has been an advocate of direct democracy and the National Initiative.\nIn April 2006 Gravel began a run for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States to promote those ideas. His campaign gained an Internet following and national attention due to forceful, humorous, and politically unorthodox debate appearances during 2007, but he found very little support in national polls or the 2008 caucuses and primaries. In March 2008 he left the Democratic Party and joined the Libertarian Party to compete for its presidential nomination and the inclusion of the National Initiative into the Libertarian Platform. At the Libertarian National Convention of 2008 he failed on both counts. He subsequently became an executive for a marijuana products company and continued to speak out about various political issues and candidates.\nLaunching his bid in April 2019, Gravel ran for president again in the 2020 election, in a campaign designed as a democratic project rather than with the intent to win. He did not qualify for any of the Democratic Party debates and his campaign ended four months after it began.\n\n", "Q61914": "Saint Gotthard (or Godehard) (960 \u2013 4 May 1038 AD; Latin: Gotthardus, Godehardus), also known as Gothard or Godehard the Bishop, was a German bishop venerated as a saint.", "Q16544": "The Hundwiler H\u00f6hi (1,306 m) is a mountain of the Appenzell Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden and Appenzell Innerrhoden. It is situated between Hundwil and Gonten.\nThe summit is easily accessible from every side of the mountain and is a popular vantage point over the S\u00e4ntis, the Alpstein massif and Lake Constance. A mountain hut is located near the top.", "Q582128": "Gyachung Kang (Nepali: \u0917\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091a\u0941\u0919\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0919, Gy\u0101chung K\u0101ng; Chinese: \u683c\u91cd\u5eb7\u5cf0; pinyin: G\u00e9zh\u00f2ngk\u0101ng F\u0113ng) is a mountain in the Mahalangur Himal section of the Himalayas, and is the highest peak between Cho Oyu (8,201 m) and Mount Everest (8,848 m). It lies on the border between Nepal and China. As the fifteenth-highest peak in the world, it is also the highest peak that is not eight thousand metres tall; hence it is far less well-known than the lowest of the eight-thousanders, which are only about 100 m (328 ft) higher. The peak's lack of significant prominence (700 m) also contributes to its relative obscurity.", "Q4715": "Mohamed Moncef Marzouki (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642\u064a\u200e; Muhammad al-Mun\u1e63if al-Marz\u016bq\u012b, born 7 July 1945) is a Tunisian politician who was President of Tunisia from 2011 to 2014. Through his career he has been a human rights activist, physician and politician. On 12 December 2011, he was elected as President of Tunisia by the Constituent Assembly.", "Q340026": "Ace Records was a record label that was started in August 1955 in Jackson, Mississippi by Johnny Vincent, with Teem Records as its budget subsidiary. Ace also had the Vin label. Its records were distributed independently until 1962 when a distribution arrangement was set up with Vee-Jay Records. Ace Records stopped when Vee-Jay went broke. The label was relaunched in 1971 and sold in 1997 to the Demon Music Group in the UK.Ace recorded such artists as Earl King, Frankie Ford, Jimmy Clanton, Huey \"Piano\" Smith, Joe Tex, Scotty McKay, and Bobby Marchan.Ace Records received a marker on the Mississippi Blues Trail.", "Q358669": "Edwar al-Kharrat (Arabic: \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u200e; 16 March 1926 \u2013 1 December 2015) was an Egyptian novelist, writer and critic.", "Q275937": "Thomas Andrews Jr. (7 February 1873 \u2013 15 April 1912) was a British businessman and shipbuilder. He was managing director and head of the drafting department of the shipbuilding company Harland and Wolff in Belfast, Ireland. \nAs the naval architect in charge of the plans for the ocean liner RMS Titanic, he was travelling on board the vessel during her transatlantic maiden voyage in 1912. He perished along with more than 1,500 others when the ship sank after hitting an iceberg.", "Q233962": "Elaine Paige (born Elaine Jill Bickerstaff, 5 March 1948) is an English singer and actress, best known for her work in musical theatre. Raised in Barnet, Hertfordshire, Paige attended the Aida Foster Theatre School, making her first professional appearance on stage in 1964, at the age of 16. Her appearance in the 1968 production of Hair marked her West End debut.\nFollowing a number of roles over the next decade, Paige was selected to play Eva Per\u00f3n in the first production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Evita in 1978, which brought her to the attention of the broader public. For this role, she won the Laurence Olivier Award for Performance of the Year in a musical. She originated the role of Grizabella in Cats and had a Top 10 hit with \"Memory\", a song from the show.\nIn 1985, Paige released \"I Know Him So Well\" with Barbara Dickson from the musical Chess, which remains the biggest-selling record by a female duo. She then appeared in the original stage production of Chess, followed by a starring role in Anything Goes which she also co-produced. Paige made her Broadway debut in Sunset Boulevard in 1996, playing the lead role of Norma Desmond, to critical acclaim. She appeared in The King and I from 2000 to 2001, and six years later she returned to the West End stage in The Drowsy Chaperone. She has also worked sporadically in television. She is known for having a strange laugh.\nIn addition to being nominated for five Laurence Olivier Awards, Paige has won many other awards for her theatre roles and has been called the First Lady of British Musical Theatre due to her skill and longevity. She has released 22 solo albums, of which eight were consecutively certified gold and another four multi-platinum. Paige is also featured on seven cast albums and has sung in concerts across the world. Since 2004 she has hosted her own show on BBC Radio 2 called Elaine Paige on Sunday.\nIn 2014, Paige celebrated her 50 years in show business. Paige announced on her official website a \"Farewell\" concert tour and a new career-spanning album The Ultimate Collection to mark this milestone in her career. Outside of her work in musical theatre, Paige is a Vice-President of The Children's Trust, a UK charity for children with brain injury.\n\n", "Q53018": "Marco Ferreri (11 May 1928 \u2013 9 May 1997) was an Italian film director, screenwriter and actor, who began his career in the 1950s directing three films in Spain, followed by 24 Italian films before his death in 1997. He is considered one of the greatest European cinematic provocateurs of his time and had a constant presence in prestigious festival circuit - including eight films in competition in Cannes film festival and a Golden bear win in 1991 Berlin film festival. Three of his films are among 100 films selected for preservation for significant contribution to Italian cinema.", "Q44564": "Charleston is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of West Virginia. Located at the confluence of the Elk and Kanawha rivers, the city had a population of 51,400 at the 2010 census and an estimated population of 47,215 in 2018. The Charleston metropolitan area as a whole had an estimated 211,037 residents in 2018. Charleston is the center of government, commerce, and industry for Kanawha County, of which it is the county seat.Early industries important to Charleston included salt and the first natural gas well. Later, coal became central to economic prosperity in the city and the surrounding area. Today, trade, utilities, government, medicine, and education play central roles in the city's economy.\nThe first permanent settlement, Fort Lee, was built in 1788. In 1791, Daniel Boone was a member of the Kanawha County Assembly.\nCharleston is the home of the West Virginia Power minor league baseball team and the annual 15-mile (24 km) Charleston Distance Run. Yeager Airport and the University of Charleston are in the city, and West Virginia University, Marshall University, and West Virginia State University have campuses in the area.", "Q319153": "Hassan Sheikh Mohamud (Somali: Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud, Arabic: \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u200e; born 29 November 1955) is a Somali politician. He is currently the chairman of largest political aggregation party which have majority of parliament in both chambers Union for Peace and Development Party, He was the 8th President of Somalia from 16 September 2012 until 16 February 2017. A civil and political activist, Mohamud was previously a university professor and dean. He is also the founder and Chairman of the Peace and Development Party (PDP). In April 2013, Mohamud was named to the Time 100, TIME magazine's annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world. His efforts at advancing national reconciliation, anti-corruption measures, and socio-economic and security sector reforms in Somalia were cited as reasons for the selection.He was born in Jalalaqsi, a small agricultural town situated in the central Hiran of present-day Somalia, during the trusteeship period. He is a member of the Abgaal sub-clan of the Hawiye clan, and comes from a middle-class background.Mohamud is married to Qamar Ali Omar and has children. He speaks Somali and English.", "Q55469": "Marcello Vincenzo Domenico Mastroianni (Italian pronunciation: [mar\u02c8t\u0283\u025bllo mastro\u02c8janni]; 28 September 1924 \u2013 19 December 1996) was an Italian film actor. He is regarded as Italy's biggest film star of all time. His films include: La Dolce Vita; 8\u00bd; La Notte; Divorce Italian Style; Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow; Marriage Italian Style; The 10th Victim; A Special Day; City of Women; Henry IV; Dark Eyes; and Everybody's Fine. His honours included British Film Academy Awards, Best Actor awards at the Cannes Film Festival and two Golden Globe Awards.\n\n", "Q81638": "Valent\u00edn Paniagua Corazao (23 September 1936 \u2013 16 October 2006) was a Peruvian politician who served as Interim President of Peru. Paniagua was elected by the Peruvian Congress to serve as interim president of the country after Alberto Fujimori was ousted from office by Congress in November 2000.\nAs Interim President, his main task was to organize new elections, after which, in July 2001, he stood down from the presidency. Paniagua was a longtime member and served as Secretary General of Acci\u00f3n Popular.\n\n", "Q9557": "Mohammed Aamir Hussain Khan (pronounced [\u02c8a\u02d0m\u026ar \u02c8xa\u02d0n]; born 14 March 1965) is an Indian actor, director, filmmaker and television talk-show host. Through his career spanning over thirty years in Hindi films, Khan has established himself as one of the most popular and influential actors of Indian cinema. He has a large global following, especially in India and China, and has been described by Newsweek as \"the biggest movie star\" in the world. Khan is the recipient of numerous awards, including nine Filmfare Awards, four National Film Awards, and an AACTA Award, as well as an Academy Award nomination. He was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Shri in 2003 and the Padma Bhushan in 2010, and received an honorary title from the Government of China in 2017. For years, he has been regularly listed one amongthe 500 Most Influential Muslims of the world.Khan first appeared on screen as a child actor in his uncle Nasir Hussain's film Yaadon Ki Baaraat (1973). As an adult, his first feature film role was in the experimental film Holi (1984), and he began a full-time acting career with a leading role in the tragic romance Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988). His performance in the film and in the thriller Raakh (1989) earned him a National Film Award in the Special Mention category. He established himself as a leading actor of Hindi cinema in the 1990s by appearing in a number of commercially successful films, including the romantic dramas Dil (1990) and Raja Hindustani (1996), for which he won his first Filmfare Award for Best Actor, and the thriller Sarfarosh (1999). He also played against type in the acclaimed Canadian-Indian co-production 1947: Earth (1998).In 1999 he founded Aamir Khan Productions, whose first film, Lagaan (2001), was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and earned him a National Film Award for Best Popular Film and two more Filmfare Awards (Best Actor and Best Film). After a four-year absence from the screen, Khan returned to portray leading roles, notably in the 2006 box-office hits Fanaa and Rang De Basanti. He made his directorial debut with Taare Zameen Par (2007), a major success that garnered him the Filmfare Awards for Best Film and Best Director. Khan's greatest global success came with the thriller Ghajini (2008), the comedy-drama 3 Idiots (2009), the action film Dhoom 3 (2013), the satire PK (2014), and the sports biopic Dangal (2016), each having held the record for being the highest-grossing Indian film, while Secret Superstar (2017) held the record for being highest-grossing Indian film featuring a female protagonist. Khan won his third Best Actor award at Filmfare for Dangal. His films are known for dealing with social issues in Indian society, and they often combine the entertainment and production values of commercial masala films with the believable narratives and strong messages of parallel cinema.Within and beyond the film industry, Khan is an activist and humanitarian, and has participated and spoken out for various social causes, some of which have sparked political controversy. He has created and hosted the television talk show Satyamev Jayate, through which he highlights sensitive social issues in India, occasionally influencing the Indian parliament. His work as a social reformer, tackling issues ranging from poverty and education to abuse and discrimination, earned him an appearance on the Time 100 list of most influential people in the world. Khan was married to his first wife, Reena Dutta, for fifteen years, after which he married the film director Kiran Rao. He has three children\u2014two with Dutta, and one with Rao through surrogacy.\n\n", "Q676777": "Leonid Rudenko (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434 \u0420\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, born in 1985), better known by his stage name, Rudenko, is a record producer and DJ from Russia, who was born and raised in Moscow.\n\n", "Q678982": "The Leibniz University Hannover, long form in German Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, is a public research university located in Hanover, Germany. Founded on 2 May 1831, it is one of the largest and oldest science and technology universities in Germany. In the 2014/15 school year it enrolled 25,688 students, of which 2,121 were from foreign countries. It has nine faculties which offer 190 full and part degree programs in 38 fields of study. It was named University of Hannover in 1978. In 2006, it was named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, the 18th century mathematician and philosopher. In 2018, Leibniz University Hannover was adopted as the official English name.Leibniz University Hannover is a member of TU9, an association of the nine leading Institutes of Technology in Germany. It is also a member of the Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research (CESAER), a non-profit association of leading engineering universities in Europe. The university sponsors the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), the largest science and technology library in the world.", "Q2230294": "William P. Murphy Jr. (born November 11, 1923) is a medical doctor and inventor of medical devices including collaborating on a flexible sealed blood bag used for blood transfusions. He is the son of the American physician William Parry Murphy who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology for Medicine in 1934, and Harriett Adams, the first licensed female dentist in Massachusetts.", "Q864024": "Ponce (UK: , US: , Spanish: [\u02c8ponse] (listen)) is both a city and a municipality on the southern coast of Puerto Rico. The city is the seat of the municipal government.\nPonce, Puerto Rico's most populated city outside the San Juan metropolitan area, was founded on 12 August 1692 and is named for Juan Ponce de Le\u00f3n y Loayza, the great-grandson of Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de Le\u00f3n. Ponce is often referred to as La Perla del Sur (The Pearl of the South), La Ciudad Se\u00f1orial (The Manorial City), and La Ciudad de las Quenepas (Genip City). The city serves as the governmental seat of the autonomous municipality as well as the regional hub for various Government of Puerto Rico entities, such as the Judiciary of Puerto Rico. It is also the regional center for various other Commonwealth and Federal Government agencies. Ponce is a principal city of both the Ponce Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Ponce-Yauco-Coamo Combined Statistical Area.\nThe Municipality of Ponce, officially the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce, is located in the southern coastal plain region of the island, south of Adjuntas, Utuado, and Jayuya; east of Pe\u00f1uelas; west of Juana D\u00edaz; and bordered on the south by the Caribbean Sea. The municipality has a total of 31 barrios (wards), including 19 outside the city's urban area and 12 in the urban area of the city. The historic Ponce Pueblo district, located in the downtown area of the city, is shared by several of the downtown barrios, and is located approximately three miles (4.8 km) inland from the shores of the Caribbean. The municipality of Ponce is the second largest in Puerto Rico by land area, and it was the first in Puerto Rico to obtain its autonomy, becoming the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce in 1992.", "Q909586": "A splatter film is a subgenre of horror film that deliberately focuses on graphic portrayals of gore and graphic violence. These films, usually through the use of special effects, display a fascination with the vulnerability of the human body and the theatricality of its mutilation. The term \"splatter cinema\" was coined by George A. Romero to describe his film Dawn of the Dead, though Dawn of the Dead is generally considered by critics to have higher aspirations, such as social commentary, than to be simply exploitative for its own sake.During the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the use of graphic violence in cinema has been labeled \"torture porn\" or \"gorno\" (a portmanteau of \"gore\" and \"porno\"). By contrast, films such as Braindead, Evil Dead II and to some extent Dawn of the Dead, all of which feature over-the-top gore, can be construed as comedic, and fall into the category of splatstick.", "Q139549": "Zachris Topelius (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u01cek\u02d0r\u026as t\u0254\u02c8p\u011b\u02d0l\u026a\u0275s], Finland Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u0251kris to\u02c8pe\u02d0li\u0289s]; 14 January 1818 \u2013 12 March 1898) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish author, poet, journalist, historian, and rector of the University of Helsinki who wrote novels related to Finnish history in Swedish.", "Q87249": "Ven. Myokyo-ni (born Irmgard Schl\u00f6gl; 29 January 1921 - 29 March 2007) was a Rinzai Zen Buddhist nun and head of the Zen Centre in London.", "Q1256441": "Daniel Carrillo (born October 8, 1982), better known by his stage name Termanology, is an American rapper and record producer. He first gained major attention with the 2006 single \"Watch How It Go Down\". A solo album, Politics as Usual, was released in 2008. He has made a number of collaborative albums, such as 1982 (released in 2010) and is known also for his prolific mixtape output. He is of Puerto Rican and French descent.\n\n", "Q32394": "Valgeir Sigur\u00f0sson (born 1971) is an Icelandic record producer, mixer, composer, audio engineer and musician.", "Q2216535": "The Walt Disney Studios is an American film studio, one of the four business segments of The Walt Disney Company. The studio, one of the \"Big Five\" major film studios and best known for its multi-faceted film divisions, is based at the eponymous Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. Founded in 1923, it is the fourth-oldest among the major studios.There are prominent film production companies within the Walt Disney Studios division. They include Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Studios, Searchlight Pictures, Disneynature, and Blue Sky Studios. Films produced by these studios are released and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. In 2019, The Walt Disney Studios posted an industry record of $13.2 billion at the global box office. The studio has six of the top ten highest grossing films of all time at the worldwide box office, and the two highest-grossing film franchises of all time. \nThe Walt Disney Studios is a member of the Motion Picture Association (MPA).", "Q175757": "John Henry Clifford (January 16, 1809 \u2013 January 2, 1876) was an American lawyer and politician from New Bedford, Massachusetts. He served as the state's attorney general for much of the 1850s, retaining the office during administrations dominated by three different political parties. A Whig, he was elected the state's 21st governor, serving a single term from 1853 to 1854. He was the first governor of Massachusetts not born in the state.\nAs attorney general Clifford gained fame by leading the prosecution in one of the most sensational trials of the 19th century, the Parkman\u2013Webster murder case. The case, where both victim and assailant were from the upper crust of Boston society, featured the first use of forensic dentistry to secure a conviction. During the American Civil War Clifford supported the Union cause, and was involved in unsuccessful maneuvers to prosecute Confederate President Jefferson Davis after the war. In his later years he served as president of the Boston and Providence Railroad.", "Q4720854": "Alexandre Hohagen is a Brazilian executive with over 20 years of experience managing F500 companies in Latin America (Dow Chemical, HBO, UOL, Google, Facebook).\nHohagen was responsible for starting two global technology companies in Latin America and the US Hispanic markets. He started the operations of Google in the region in 2005 and then Facebook in 2011. In 2010, Hohagen became one of the first international VPs at Google, managing operations of the company in over 8 countries in the region.\nHohagen is currently the CEO of Nobox, investor and partner at Ampfy, Botmaker, MarketUP, investor at Hyper, Busbud and Everypost, besides other investments VC funds and real estate in Brazil, US and Europe. Hohagen left the corporate world in 2015, after spending 5,5 years building Facebook in Latin America and US Hispanic markets. In his tenure, Hohagen was responsible to open and manage operations in more than 5 countries, with a team of 500 employees.\n\n", "Q517443": "Vladimir Alexeyevich Smirnov (in Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432, b. 1957 in Pskov) is a prominent Russian businessman, former Director General of the Petersburg Fuel Company (1997\u20131998), former Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Petersburg Fuel Company (1999\u20132001). In 2002\u20132007 he was the Director General of Tekhsnabexport (TENEX) which carries out export of goods and services produced by Russian nuclear enterprises.", "Q40064": "Blythe Katherine Danner (born February 3, 1943) is an American actress. She is the recipient of several accolades, including two Primetime Emmy Awards for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her role as Izzy Huffstodt on Huff (2004\u20132006), and a Tony Award for Best Actress for her performance in Butterflies Are Free on Broadway (1969\u20131972). Danner was twice nominated for the Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for portraying Marilyn Truman on Will & Grace (2001\u201306; 2018), and the Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for her roles in We Were the Mulvaneys (2002) and Back When We Were Grownups (2004). For the latter, she also received a Golden Globe Award nomination.\nDanner played Dina Byrnes in Meet the Parents (2000) and its sequels Meet the Fockers (2004) and Little Fockers (2010). She has collaborated on several occasions with Woody Allen, appearing in three of his films: Another Woman (1988), Alice (1990), and Husbands and Wives (1992). Her other notable film credits include 1776 (1972), Hearts of the West (1975), The Great Santini (1979), Mr. and Mrs. Bridge (1990), The Prince of Tides (1991), To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar (1995), The Myth of Fingerprints (1997), The X-Files (1998), Forces of Nature (1999), The Last Kiss (2006), Paul (2011), Hello I Must Be Going (2012), I'll See You in My Dreams (2015), and What They Had (2018).\nDanner is the sister of Harry Danner and the widow of Bruce Paltrow. She is the mother of actress Gwyneth Paltrow and director Jake Paltrow.", "Q123511": "Grudzi\u0105dz ([\u02c8\u0261rud\u0361\u0291\u0254nt\u0361s] (listen), Latin: Graudentium, German: Graudenz), in old-fashioned English Graudence, is a city of around 95,045 inhabitants (2018) on the Vistula River in northern Poland. Situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (since 1999), the city was in the Toru\u0144 Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998. Grudzi\u0105dz is the 4th-largest city in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province and its Old Town complex with 14th-century granaries was declared a National Historic Monument of Poland.\n\n", "Q445311": "Rolando Villaz\u00f3n Maule\u00f3n (born February 22, 1972) is a French/Mexican tenor. He now lives in France, and in 2007 he became a French citizen.Villaz\u00f3n has published several books, including the novels Malabares and Paladas de sombra contra la oscuridad which have been translated into French and German. He is a member of the Coll\u00e8ge de 'Pataphysique in Paris.\n\n", "Q165544": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Albert Anders (11 August 1892 \u2013 12 May 1970) was a general in the Polish Army and later in life a politician and prominent member of the Polish government-in-exile in London.\n\n", "Q199927": "Alyson Lee Hannigan (born March 24, 1974) is an American actress and television presenter. She is best known for her roles as Willow Rosenberg in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997\u20132003), Lily Aldrin in the sitcom How I Met Your Mother (2005\u20132014) for which she won a People's Choice Award in 2009, and Michelle Flaherty in the American Pie film series (1999\u20132012). Since 2016, Hannigan has presented the television show Penn & Teller: Fool Us.", "Q31845": "Arrian of Nicomedia (; Greek: \u1f08\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 Arrianos; Latin: Lucius Flavius Arrianus; c.\u200986/89 \u2013 c.\u2009after 146/160 AD) was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander and philosopher of the Roman period.The Anabasis of Alexander by Arrian is considered the best source on the campaigns of Alexander the Great. However, more recently, even though modern scholars have generally preferred Arrian to other extant primary sources, this attitude towards Arrian is beginning to change in the light of studies into Arrian's method.", "Q282367": "Anita Garvin (born Anna Frances Garvin; February 11, 1906 \u2013 July 7, 1994) was an American stage performer and film actress who worked in both the silent and sound eras. Before her retirement in 1942, she reportedly appeared in over 350 shorts and features for various Hollywood studios. Her best known roles are as supporting characters in Hal Roach comedies starring Laurel and Hardy and Charley Chase.", "Q1797798": "Larry Sanders (born 1957), better known by his stage name L.V. (which stands for \"Large Variety\"), is an American R&B singer. He is best known for his collaboration with rapper Coolio on the single \"Gangsta's Paradise\" and has been featured on multiple soundtracks since then. Having released two solo albums to date, he was also a member of the gangsta rap group South Central Cartel since their beginning, usually singing the vocals and chorus.", "Q186807": "Josemar\u00eda Escriv\u00e1 de Balaguer y Alb\u00e1s (9 January 1902 \u2013 26 June 1975) was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest who founded Opus Dei, an organization of laypeople and priests dedicated to the teaching that everyone is called to holiness by God and that ordinary life can result in sanctity. He was canonized in 2002 by Pope John Paul II, who declared Josemar\u00eda should be \"counted among the great witnesses of Christianity.\"\nEscriv\u00e1 gained a doctorate in civil law at the Complutense University of Madrid and a doctorate in theology at the Lateran University in Rome. His principal work was the initiation, government and expansion of Opus Dei. Escriv\u00e1's best-known publication is The Way, which has been translated into 43 languages and has sold several million copies.\nEscriv\u00e1 and Opus Dei have aroused controversy, primarily concerning allegations of secrecy, elitism, cult-like practices, and political involvement with right-wing causes, such as the rule of Francisco Franco in Spain (1939\u20131975). After his death, his canonization attracted considerable attention and controversy, by some Catholics and the worldwide press. Several journalists who have investigated the history of Opus Dei, among them Vatican analyst John L. Allen, Jr., have argued that many of these accusations are unproven or have grown from allegations by enemies of Escriv\u00e1 and his organization. Cardinal Albino Luciani (later Pope John Paul I), John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis, \u00d3scar Romero, and many Catholic leaders have endorsed Escriv\u00e1's teaching concerning the universal call to holiness, the role of laity, and sanctification of ordinary work. According to Allen, among Catholics, Escriv\u00e1 is \"reviled by some and venerated by millions more\".", "Q68930": "Lully is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Morges.", "Q604487": "Established in 1918, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech; Estonian: Tallinna Tehnika\u00fclikool) is the only technical university in Estonia. TalTech, in the capital city of Tallinn, is a university for engineering, business, public administration and maritime affairs. TalTech has colleges in Tartu and Kohtla-J\u00e4rve. Despite the similar names, Tallinn University and Tallinn University of Technology are separate institutions.", "Q84998": "Paul Fr\u00f6lich (7 August 1884 \u2013 16 March 1953) was a journalist and left wing political activist and author who was a founding member of the Communist Party of Germany and founder of the party's paper, Die Rote Fahne. A Communist Party deputy in the Reichstag on two occasions, Fr\u00f6lich was expelled from the Party in 1928, after which he joined the organized German Communist Opposition movement. Fr\u00f6lich is best remembered as a biographer of Rosa Luxemburg.", "Q455116": "Helen Morgan (August 2, 1900 \u2013 October 9, 1941) was an American singer and actress who worked in films and on the stage. A quintessential torch singer, she made a big splash in the Chicago club scene in the 1920s. She starred as Julie LaVerne in the original Broadway production of Hammerstein and Kern's musical Show Boat in 1927, as well as in the 1932 Broadway revival of the musical, and appeared in two film adaptations, a part-talkie made in 1929 (prologue only) and a full-sound version made in 1936, becoming firmly associated with the role. She suffered from bouts of alcoholism, and despite her notable success in the title role of another Hammerstein and Kern's Broadway musical, Sweet Adeline (1929), her stage career was relatively short. Helen Morgan died of cirrhosis of the liver at the age of 41. She was portrayed by Polly Bergen in the Playhouse 90 drama The Helen Morgan Story and by Ann Blyth in the 1957 biopic based on the television drama.", "Q954859": "James Aloysius Farley (May 30, 1888 \u2013 June 9, 1976) was one of the first Irish Catholic politicians in American history to achieve success on a national level. He simultaneously served as chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee, chairman of the Democratic National Committee, and Postmaster General under the first two administrations of President Franklin Roosevelt. A business executive and dignitary and a Knight of Malta, Farley was commonly referred to as a political kingmaker, and he was responsible for Roosevelt's rise to the presidency. Farley was the campaign manager for New York State politician Alfred E. Smith's 1922 gubernatorial campaign and Roosevelt's 1928 and 1930 gubernatorial campaigns as well as Roosevelt's presidential campaigns of 1932 and 1936. Farley predicted large landslides in both, and revolutionized the use of polling data.\nHe was responsible for pulling together the New Deal Coalition of Catholics, labor unions, African Americans, and farmers. Farley and the administration's patronage machine over which he presided helped to fuel the social and infrastructure programs of the New Deal. He handled most mid-level and lower-level appointments, in consultation with state and local Democratic organizations.Farley helped to normalize diplomatic relations with the Holy See and in 1933, he was the first high-ranking government official to travel to Rome, where he had an audience with Pope Pius XI and dinner with Cardinal Pacelli (future Pope Pius XII).Farley opposed Roosevelt for breaking the two-term tradition of the presidency; the two broke on that issue in 1940. As of 1942, Farley was considered the supreme Democratic Party boss of New York.In 1947, President Harry S. Truman appointed Farley to serve a senior post as a commissioner on the Hoover Commission, also known as the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government. \nFarley guided and remained at the helm of Coca-Cola International for over 30 years and was responsible for the company's global expansion as a quasi-government agency in World War II. It was used as a boost to the morale and energy levels of the fighting men. Shipped with food and ammunition as a \"war priority item,\" the deal spread Coke's market worldwide at government expense. Also at US expense, after the war, 59 new Coke plants were installed to help rebuild Europe.\nThe landmark James Farley Post Office in New York City is designated in his honor and as a monument to his career in public service.\n\n", "Q66909": "Valens Acidalius (1567 \u2013 25 May 1595), also known as Valtin Havekenthal, was a German critic and poet writing in the Latin language.", "Q40070": "Takashi Shimura (\u5fd7\u6751 \u55ac, Shimura Takashi, March 12, 1905 \u2013 February 11, 1982) was a Japanese actor who appeared in over 200 films between 1934 and 1981. He is particularly noted for his appearances in 21 of Akira Kurosawa's 30 films (more than any other actor), including as a lead actor in Drunken Angel (1948), Rashomon (1950), Ikiru (1952) and Seven Samurai (1954).", "Q1682395": "Janine Louise Zwicky (born 10 May 1955) is a Canadian philosopher, poet, essayist, and musician.", "Q1371798": "Larry Wayne Gatlin (born May 2, 1948) is an American country and Southern gospel singer and songwriter. As part of a trio with his younger brothers Steve and Rudy, he achieved considerable success within the country music genre, performing on 33 top-40 singles (combining his solo recordings and those with his brothers). As their fame grew, the band became known as Larry Gatlin and the Gatlin Brothers.\nLarry Gatlin is known for his rich falsetto singing style and for the unique pop-inflected songs he wrote and recorded in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of Gatlin's biggest hits include \"Broken Lady\", \"All the Gold in California\", \"Houston (Means I'm One Day Closer to You)\", \"She Used to Be Somebody's Baby\", and \"Talkin' to the Moon\". During this time, country music trended heavily towards slick pop music arrangements in a style that came to be known as Countrypolitan. Larry Gatlin and the Gatlin Brothers came to prominence and enjoyed their greatest success during this period with hit singles that showcased the brothers' three-part harmonies and Larry's poetic lyrics.", "Q95881": "Kurt W\u00fcnsche (born 14 December 1929 in Obernigk (present day Oborniki \u015al\u0105skie in Poland)) is a former German politician who was twice Minister of Justice of the German Democratic Republic.\nW\u00fcnsche grew up and received his schooling in Dresden. In 1946, he became a member of the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (LDPD), and was until 1951 an official of the LDPD local district association (Kreisverbandes) in Dresden and the state association (Landesverbandes) of Saxony. From 1951 to 1954 he was the head of the LDPD department organising the party's central executive. After the events of the 17th of June 1953, he was suspected as a foreign agent and temporarily detained by the Stasi. After 1954, he was a member of the LDPD Political Committee, and a Secretary and Deputy Secretary General, while in 1967 he was made deputy chairman of the LDPD.\nBetween 1954 and 1959, he completed a correspondence PhD in Law from the Walter Ulbricht Academy of Law and Political Science in collaboration with Manfred Gerlach; his thesis was entitled \"Function and development of the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany in the multi-party system of the German Democratic Republic\". \nFrom 1954 to 1972, he was a LDPD deputy to the Volkskammer, first as a member of the Youth Committee, then of the Judiciary Committee, and finally of the Legal Committee. In 1965, he became one of the nine Deputy Chairmen of the Council of Ministers. In 1967, he succeeded Hilde Benjamin as Minister of Justice, a position he held until 1972.\nAfter the fall of the Berlin Wall, W\u00fcnsche was again made Minister of Justice in the governments of Hans Modrow and Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re.", "Q954681": "Luis Enrique Gatica Silva (11 August 1928 \u2013 13 November 2018), better known as Lucho Gatica was a Chilean bolero singer, film actor, and television host known as \"the King of Bolero.\" It is estimated that Gatica released more than 90 recordings. He toured a vast portion of the world, having performed in concerts in Europe, the Middle East and Asia. He was the uncle of the record producer Humberto Gatica.", "Q2628638": "The Central Executive Committee of the USSR (Russian: \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420) was the most authoritative governing body of the USSR during the interims of the sessions of the Congress of Soviets of the USSR, existing from 1922 until 1938, when it was replaced by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of first convocation.", "Q231807": "Jorja-An Fox (born July 7, 1968) is an American actress and producer. She first came to prominence with a recurring role in the NBC medical drama ER as Dr. Maggie Doyle from 1996 to 1999. This was followed by another critical success in the recurring role of Secret Service Agent Gina Toscano in the NBC political drama The West Wing in 2000. She played Sara Sidle in the CBS police procedural drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, both as a regular (2000\u20132007, 2010\u20132015) and recurring (2008\u20132010) cast member.", "Q10647": "The UK Independence Party (UKIP ) is a Eurosceptic, right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. It currently has a single Assembly Member (AM) in the National Assembly for Wales. The party reached its greatest level of success in the mid-2010s, when it gained two members of Parliament and was the largest UK party in the European Parliament.\nUKIP originated as the Anti-Federalist League, a single-issue Eurosceptic party established in London by Alan Sked in 1991. It was renamed UKIP in 1993 but its growth remained slow. It was largely eclipsed by the Eurosceptic Referendum Party until the latter's 1997 dissolution. In 1997, Sked was ousted by a faction led by Nigel Farage, who became the party's preeminent figure. In 2006, Farage officially became leader and under his direction the party adopted a wider policy platform and capitalised on concerns about rising immigration, in particular among the White British working class. This resulted in significant breakthroughs at the 2013 local elections, 2014 European elections, and 2015 general election. The pressure UKIP exerted on the government was the main reason for the 2016 referendum which led to the UK's commitment to withdraw from the European Union. Farage then stepped down as UKIP leader, and the party's vote share and membership heavily declined. Following repeat leadership crises, Gerard Batten took over. Under Batten, UKIP moved into far-right territory by emphasising an anti-Islam message. At this, many longstanding members\u2013including Farage\u2013left and joined the new Brexit Party.\nIdeologically positioned on the right-wing of British politics, UKIP is characterised by political scientists as a right-wing populist party. UKIP's primary emphasis has been on Euroscepticism, calling for the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union (EU). It promotes a British unionist and British nationalist agenda, encouraging a unitary British identity in opposition to growing Welsh and Scottish nationalisms. Political scientists have argued that in doing so, it conflates Britishness with Englishness and appeals to English nationalist sentiment. UKIP has also placed emphasis on lowering immigration, rejecting multiculturalism, and opposing what it calls the \"Islamification\" of Britain. Influenced by Thatcherism and classical liberalism, it describes itself as economically libertarian and promotes liberal economic policies. On social issues like LGBT rights, education policy, and criminal justice it is traditionalist. Having an ideological heritage stemming from the right-wing of the Conservative Party, it distinguishes itself from the mainstream political establishment through heavy use of populist rhetoric, including describing its supporters as the \"People's Army\".\nGoverned by its leader and National Executive Committee, UKIP is divided into twelve regional groups. A founding member of the Alliance for Direct Democracy in Europe European political party, most of UKIP's MEPs sat with the Europe of Nations and Freedom group in the European Parliament. While gaining electoral support from various sectors of British society, psephologists established that at its height, UKIP's primary voting base consisted of older, working-class white men living in England. UKIP has faced a critical reception from mainstream political parties, much of the media, and anti-fascist groups. Its discourse on immigration and cultural identity generated accusations of racism and xenophobia, both of which it denies.", "Q96350": "Alexander, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (Ernst August Alexander Christian Viktor Hubert) (born 25 December 1958) is the head of the House of Schaumburg-Lippe, which ruled the sovereign principality of the same name within the German Empire until 1918.", "Q214477": "Julia Carolyn Child (n\u00e9e McWilliams; August 15, 1912 \u2013 August 13, 2004) was an American cooking teacher, author, and television personality. She is recognized for bringing French cuisine to the American public with her debut cookbook, Mastering the Art of French Cooking, and her subsequent television programs, the most notable of which was The French Chef, which premiered in 1963.", "Q99063": "Hermann Ludwig Gremliza (November 20, 1940 \u2013 December 20, 2019) was a German radical left journalist.\nGremliza was born in Cologne. In the 1960s he studied in T\u00fcbingen. He learned the profession working at Der Spiegel, and after 1974 Gremliza become editor-in-chief of the radical left-wing magazine konkret.\nIn 1987, he contended that he was a ghostwriter for the investigative journalist G\u00fcnter Wallraff. Wallraff impugned the accusations.In 1989, he left the Social Democratic Party because of its support of German reunification. \nGremliza was known for his support of Israel. He died in Hamburg, aged 79.", "Q430942": "Henri Cogan (born 13 September 1914 in Paris; \u2020 23 September 2003 in Boulogne-Billancourt) was a French actor and stuntman.", "Q960524": "C\u00e9cile McLorin Salvant (born August 28, 1989) is an American jazz vocalist. She was the winner of the first prize in the Thelonious Monk International Jazz Competition in 2010, releasing her first album, C\u00e9cile, shortly thereafter. Her second album, WomanChild, was released in 2013 on Mack Avenue Records, receiving a 2014 Grammy Award nomination for Best Jazz Vocal Album. Salvant won four categories in the 2014 Down Beat Critics Poll: Jazz Album of the Year, Female Vocalist, Rising Star\u2013Jazz Artist, and Rising Star\u2013Female Vocalist. Her third album, For One to Love, was released on September 5, 2015, to critical acclaim from the New York Times, The Guardian, and Los Angeles Times. It won her the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Album in 2016.", "Q212006": "Rosie Alice Huntington-Whiteley (born 18 April 1987) is an English model, actress, designer, and businesswoman. She is best known for her work for lingerie retailer Victoria's Secret, formerly being one of their brand \"Angels\", for being the face of Burberry's 2011 brand fragrance \"Burberry Body\", for her work with Marks & Spencer, and, most recently, for her artistic collaboration with denim-focused fashion brand Paige.Moving into acting, she became known for her supporting roles as Carly Spencer in the 2011 film Transformers: Dark of the Moon, the third installment in the Transformers film series, and as The Splendid Angharad in the 2015 film Mad Max: Fury Road.", "Q451370": "Alejandro Lerroux Garc\u00eda (La Rambla, C\u00f3rdoba, 4 March 1864 \u2013 Madrid, 25 June 1949) was a Spanish politician who was the leader of the Radical Republican Party. He served as Prime Minister three times from 1933 to 1935 and held several cabinet posts as well. A highly charismatic politician, he was distinguished by his demagogical and populist political style.", "Q171525": "Jake Johnson (born Mark Jake Johnson Weinberger; May 28, 1978) is an American actor and comedian, best known for his role as Nick Miller in the Fox sitcom New Girl (2011\u201318), for which he was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series in 2013, and as the older Peter B. Parker/Spider-Man in the animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018). He also starred in Let's Be Cops (2014), and appeared in Paper Heart (2009), Get Him to the Greek (2010), Safety Not Guaranteed (2012), 21 Jump Street (2012), Drinking Buddies (2013), Jurassic World (2015), The Mummy (2017) and Tag (2018). He currently stars as Greyson \"Grey\" McConnell in the ABC drama series Stumptown.", "Q108780": "Richard Drauz (April 2, 1894 \u2013 December 4, 1946) was a Nazi German politician and Kreisleiter of Heilbronn, Germany. He was also Member of the Reichstag from 1933 until the collapse of the Third Reich after World War II. One of the most fanatical and violent NSDAP leaders in the last days of the war, Drauz was put on trial and executed by American occupation forces for war crimes in 1946.", "Q288138": "Gordy is a 1995 American family comedy-drama film directed by Mark Lewis, about a livestock piglet named Gordy who searches for his missing family (who are taken away to a slaughterhouse in Omaha). Gordy experiences the lives of others who are part of the film's side plots, including traveling country music singers Luke McAllister and his daughter Jinnie Sue; and lonely boy Hanky Royce whose mother Jessica is engaged to a sinister businessman, Gilbert Sipes. Gordy changes lives for the people he encounters due to their ability to understand him. The film was released to theaters on May 12, 1995. It was distributed by Miramax Family Films.The film features the song \"Pig Power in the House\" by Tag Team. A music video was produced for the song, featuring clips from the film.", "Q495454": "Yi Kwang-su (Korean: \uc774\uad11\uc218; 1892 in Chongju \u2013 1950) was a Korean writer and independence and nationalist activist. His pennames were Chunwon and Goju.", "Q215769": "Paula Ludwig (born 1900; died 1974 in Darmstadt) was an Austrian/German poet who won the 1963 George Trakl Prize. In her earlier life she had an affair with Yvan Goll, which caused a crisis for his wife Claire Goll. In 1940 she began a period of exile in Brazil due to the rise of Nazism. Her work has fallen into relative obscurity and often involved dreams.", "Q441605": "Bela Jenbach, real name B\u00e9la Jacobowicz (1 April 1871 in Miskolc, Kingdom of Hungary \u2013 21 January 1943 in Vienna) was an Austrian actor and operetta librettist of Hungarian origin.\nJenbach was of Jewish origin and the brother of the screenwriter Ida Jenbach. He was co-author of several well-known operetta libretti. Jenbach died in the Auersperg Sanatorium in Vienna and was buried in the Matzleinsdorf Protestant Cemetery.", "Q128336": "William Henry Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland, (24 June 1768 \u2013 27 March 1854), styled Marquess of Titchfield until 1809, was a British politician who served in various positions in the governments of George Canning and Lord Goderich.\n\n", "Q319147": "China Seas is a 1935 American adventure film starring Clark Gable as a brave sea captain, Jean Harlow as his brassy paramour, and Wallace Beery as a suspect character. The oceangoing epic also features Lewis Stone, Rosalind Russell, Akim Tamiroff, and Hattie McDaniel, while humorist Robert Benchley memorably portrays a character reeling drunk from one end of the film to the other.\nThe lavish MGM epic was written by James Kevin McGuinness and Jules Furthman from the book by Crosbie Garstin, and directed by Tay Garnett. This is one of only four sound films with Beery in which he did not receive top billing.", "Q927109": "Bryan Jes\u00fas Kelly (born August 20, 1981) is an American professional wrestling commentator and ring announcer, and former professional wrestler and journalist. He is currently signed to WWE, where he works as a color commentator on Raw and Main Event under the ring name Byron Saxton. He was a \"rookie\" on the fourth season of NXT and competed on the show's fifth season, NXT Redemption, before being eliminated on May 31, 2011. Following his elimination, he began working as a play-by-play and color commentator on NXT before eventually working on other WWE programming including Main Event, Monday Night Raw, and SmackDown Live.", "Q44570": "John Lee Hooker (August 22, 1912 or 1917 \u2013 June 21, 2001) was an American blues singer, songwriter, and guitarist. The son of a sharecropper, he rose to prominence performing an electric guitar-style adaptation of Delta blues. Hooker often incorporated other elements, including talking blues and early North Mississippi Hill country blues. He developed his own driving-rhythm boogie style, distinct from the 1930s\u20131940s piano-derived boogie-woogie. Hooker was ranked 35 in Rolling Stones 2015 list of 100 greatest guitarists.Some of his best known songs include \"Boogie Chillen'\" (1948), \"Crawling King Snake\" (1949), \"Dimples\" (1956), \"Boom Boom\" (1962), and \"One Bourbon, One Scotch, One Beer\" (1966). Several of his later albums, including The Healer (1989), Mr. Lucky (1991), Chill Out (1995), and Don't Look Back (1997), were album chart successes in the U.S. and UK. The Healer (for the song \"I'm In The Mood\") and Chill Out (for the album) both earned him Grammy wins as well as Don't Look Back, which went on to earn him a double-Grammy win for Best Traditional Blues Recording and Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals (with Van Morrison).", "Q725449": "Bradley Mitchell Silberling (born September 8, 1963) is an American television and film director known for directing feature films such as Casper (1995), City of Angels (1998), Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004) and Land of the Lost (2009).", "Q338189": "Carnosaur is a 1993 American science fiction horror film written and directed by Adam Simon. The film stars Diane Ladd, Raphael Sbarge, Jennifer Runyon, and Harrison Page. Loosely based on the 1984 John Brosnan novel of the same name, it follows characters Doc Smith and Ann Thrush in their efforts to thwart Dr. Jane Tiptree's plan to exterminate the human race with a lethal virus and replace them with her own genetically created dinosaurs. \nRoger Corman acquired the rights to Brosnan's novel in 1991 and the project entered production two years later to capitalize on an extensive marketing campaign used to promote Jurassic Park. Simon was hired to direct Carnosaur and is credited with writing the screenplay, reworking most of the plot elements of the novel. Afforded a $850,000 budget, the special effects were completed with models and animatronics largely designed by John Carl Buechler.\nCarnosaur was released on May 14, 1993 in Ogden, Utah and then released regionally in the United States on May 15, 1993 and grossed $1.8 million. As a result, Carnosaur may be considered a \"mockbuster\". The film was panned by critics. Roger Ebert named it the worst movie of 1993, though his then-sidekick Gene Siskel liked the film. Carnosaur has spawned a film series and was followed by two sequels, Carnosaur 2 (1994) and Carnosaur 3: Primal Species (1996); the series also includes two official spin-offs Raptor (2001) and The Eden Formula (2006).", "Q468297": "G\u00fcltan K\u0131\u015fanak (*15 June 1961) is a Turkish politician of the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) in Turkey.\n\n", "Q89516": "Friedrich Johann Karl Becke (31 December 1855, in Prague \u2013 18 June 1931, in Vienna) was an Austrian mineralogist and petrographer.", "Q64878": "Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin (10 July 1922 \u2013 8 March 2013) was a German publisher and convenor of the Munich Conference on Security Policy until 1998. A member of the von Kleist family and an officer in the Wehrmacht during World War II, his parents were active in the German resistance against Adolf Hitler. Kleist was designated to kill Hitler in a suicide attack and was the last surviving member of the 20 July 1944 plot to assassinate Hitler.", "Q359563": "Justinas Marcinkevi\u010dius (10 March 1930 \u2013 16 February 2011) was a prominent Lithuanian poet and playwright.", "Q42101": "Denzel Hayes Washington Jr. (born December 28, 1954) is an American actor, director, and producer. He has received two Golden Globe awards, one Tony Award, and two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actor for the historical war drama film Glory (1989) and Best Actor for his role as corrupt detective Alonzo Harris in the crime thriller Training Day (2001). He is widely regarded as one of the greatest actors of his generation, and is considered an American cultural icon.\nWashington has received much critical acclaim for his film work since the 1980s, including his portrayals of real-life figures such as South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko in Cry Freedom (1987), Muslim minister and human rights activist Malcolm X in Malcolm X (1992), boxer Rubin \"Hurricane\" Carter in The Hurricane (1999), football coach Herman Boone in Remember the Titans (2000), poet and educator Melvin B. Tolson in The Great Debaters (2007), and drug kingpin Frank Lucas in American Gangster (2007). He has been a featured actor in films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and has been a frequent collaborator of directors Spike Lee, Antoine Fuqua, and Tony Scott. In 2016, he received the Cecil B. DeMille Lifetime Achievement Award at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards.\nIn 2002, Washington made his directorial debut with the biographical film Antwone Fisher. His second directorial effort was The Great Debaters (2007). His third film, Fences (2016), in which he also starred, was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.", "Q245638": "The Man Who Sleeps (French: Un homme qui dort) is a 1974 French drama film directed by Bernard Queysanne and Georges Perec, based on Perec's 1967 novel A Man Asleep. The film won the Prix Jean Vigo in 1974.", "Q99705": "Willi Brase (born 10 October 1951 in Petershagen, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German politician and member of the SPD.\nWilli Brase is married with two children and is a Protestant. Brase attended elementary school in Quetzen from 1958\u20131966. He then went to school, for three years, for business training in wholesale and foreign trade. Next, he went to Technical College from 1969\u20131971, and moved on to study social education at Niederrhein University of Applied Science. He completed compulsory military service in 1971 and did alternative service in 1972. From 1979 to 1981 he was a social worker at the Youth Office of Monchengladbach.\nA politician of the social democratic party (SPD) of Germany. On 30 September 2012, Willi Brase resigned from the office of DGB Region Chairman. In 1976 he was a member of Verdi. From 1989 to 1994 he was the chairman of the DGB district of Siegen-Wittgenstein. He represented the equivalent district in the Bundestag from 2002 to 2009. From 1994 until September 30, 2012 he was DGB Region Chairman of Siegen-Wittgenstein-Olpe.", "Q1284275": "Princess Kishi (929\u2013985, \u5fbd\u5b50\u5973\u738b, also Yoshiko Jo\u014d \u627f\u9999\u6bbf\u5973\u5fa1 Joky\u014dden Jo\u014d or \u658e\u5bae\u5973\u5fa1 Saig\u016b no Ny\u014dgo) was a Japanese Waka poet of the middle Heian period. She is one of only five women numbered as one of the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals. As her name implies, she was a princess of the Imperial Family of Japan.\nMany of her poems are included in the third Japanese imperial poetry anthology, Sh\u016bi Wakash\u016b, issued in 1006.", "Q368966": "Joseph Eug\u00e8ne Schneider (29 March 1805 \u2013 27 November 1875) was a French industrialist and politician. In 1836, he co-founded the Schneider company with his brother, Adolphe Schneider. For many years he was a Deputy, and he was briefly Minister of Commerce and Agriculture in 1851.", "Q936004": "K\u00e1lm\u00e1n T\u00f3th (1831\u20131881) was a Hungarian poet. He was born in Baja. The main theme of his poetry was love.\nHe studied at the Franciscan Gymnasium (now B\u00e9la III High School) in Baja between 1839 and 1845. T\u00f3th was the best student in his class. He was a novice for a short time, but then started to study law. He took part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.\nAfter the failure of the revolution, he tried to raise national self-confidence and to cherish the ideals of the revolution. He remembered its heroes in his poetry. He became the sub-editor of Ign\u00e1c Nagy's H\u00f6lgyfut\u00e1r (English: Ladies' Courier). He was the accountable editor of it between 1856 and 1861.\nIn 1860, T\u00f3th launched a political newspaper, Bolond Miska (English: Crazy Michael). From 1864 he was the editor of the F\u0151v\u00e1rosi Lapok (English: Metropolitan Pages). His writing was regularly published, and his dramas were performed at the Hungarian National Theatre in Budapest.\n\n.\nT\u00f3th was elected to be the parliamentary delegate of his home town in 1865. Through four sessions he fought for revolutionary ideas in the Parliament. T\u00f3th took part in raising Baja to be a city with municipal rights, and helped to found E\u00f6tv\u00f6s J\u00f3zsef College. He also demanded that Baja be connected to the national rail system (now Hungarian State Railways, Hungarian: M\u00c9V).\nHe lost his seat in the 1878 general election. The frustration of it caused him to lose his mind, and he died at the age of sixty.\nThe city of Baja has erected a monument in his honour, at K\u00e1lm\u00e1n T\u00f3th Square.", "Q177632": "Ronald James Taylor (October 16, 1952 \u2013 January 16, 2002) was an American actor, singer and writer. He grew up in Galveston, Texas and later moved to New York City to attend the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. After graduating, Taylor began working in musical theater, appearing in The Wiz (1977), before getting his break with the 1982 off-Broadway production Little Shop of Horrors. Taylor voiced the killer plant Audrey II in the show, which ran for five years and over 2,000 performances.\nTaylor created and starred in the musical revue It Ain't Nothin' But the Blues, which charted the history of blues music from its African origin to American success. Originally performed at high schools in Denver as a 45-minute piece, the revue was expanded to two hours, played around the country and opened on Broadway in 1999. It was met with critical acclaim, ran for eight months, and saw Taylor receive two Tony Award nominations.\nHe also had numerous television roles, appearing in The Simpsons, Twin Peaks, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Ally McBeal and L.A. Law. His performance in the latter, as a singer who performed the American national anthem \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" at baseball games, led him to perform the anthem at several real-life sporting events. Taylor was married and had one son. He died in January 2002 after suffering a heart attack.", "Q240998": "Wallace Maynard Cox (December 6, 1924 \u2013 February 15, 1973) was an American actor and comedian, particularly associated with the early years of television in the United States. He appeared in the U.S. television series Mister Peepers from 1952 to 1955, plus several other popular shows, and as a character actor in over 20 films. Cox was the voice of the animated canine superhero Underdog of the TV show of the same name. Although often cast as meek, he was actually quite athletic, as well as a military veteran. He married three times.\nCox was also featured in the first episode of the television series Mission: Impossible.", "Q41408": "Federico del Sagrado Coraz\u00f3n de Jes\u00fas Garc\u00eda Lorca (Spanish pronunciation: [fe\u00f0e\u02c8\u027eiko \u00f0el sa\u02c8\u0263\u027ea\u00f0o ko\u027ea\u02c8\u03b8on de xe\u02c8suz \u0263a\u027e\u02c8\u03b8i.a \u02c8lo\u027eka]; 5 June 1898 \u2013 19 August 1936), known as Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca (English: gar-SEE-\u0259 LOR-k\u0259), was a Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director.\nGarc\u00eda Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblematic member of the Generation of '27, a group consisting of mostly poets who introduced the tenets of European movements (such as symbolism, futurism, and surrealism) into Spanish literature. He was killed by Nationalist forces at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. His remains have never been found.", "Q964024": "The Moldavian Democratic Republic (Romanian: Republica Democratic\u0103 Moldoveneasc\u0103), also known as the Moldavian Republic, was a state proclaimed on December 15 [O.S. December 2] 1917 by the Sfatul \u021a\u0103rii (National Council) of Bessarabia, elected in October\u2013November 1917 following the February Revolution and the start of the disintegration of the Russian Empire.\nThe Sfatul \u021a\u0103rii was its legislative body, while the \"Council of Directors General\", renamed the \"Council of Ministers\" after the Declaration of Independence, was its government. The Republic was proclaimed on 2/15 December 1917, as a result of the Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia.", "Q325866": "Real World Records is a British record label specializing in world music. It was founded in 1989 by English musician Peter Gabriel and original members of WOMAD.", "Q92650": "Paul Graham (; born 13 November 1964) is an English-born American computer scientist and programmer, entrepreneur, venture capitalist, author, and essayist. He is best known for his work on the programming language Lisp, his former startup Viaweb (later renamed Yahoo! Store), cofounding the influential startup accelerator and seed capital firm Y Combinator, his blog, and Hacker News. He is the author of several computer programming books, including: On Lisp (1993), ANSI Common Lisp (1995), and Hackers & Painters (2004). Technology journalist Steven Levy has described Graham as a \"hacker philosopher\".", "Q2983698": "The Coll\u00e8ge Stanislas de Paris (French pronunciation: \u200b[l\u0259 k\u0254l\u025b\u02d0\u0292 stanislas d\u0259 pa\u0281i] aka \u00ab Stan \u00bb is a high selective private Catholic school in Paris, situated on \"Rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs\" in the 6th arrondissement. It has approximately 3,000 students, from preschool to classes pr\u00e9paratoires (classes to prepare students for entrance to the elite Grandes \u00e9coles such as Ecole Polytechnique, Centrale Paris, ESSEC Business school or HEC Paris), and is the largest private school in France. Stanislas is considered like one of the most prestigious and elitist French schools . The school was ranked 1st in 2019 for high school .", "Q698862": "Lieutenant General Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval (15 September 1715 \u2013 9 May 1789) was a French artillery officer and engineer who revolutionized French cannon, creating a new production system that allowed lighter, more uniform guns without sacrificing range. His Gribeauval system superseded the de Valli\u00e8re system. These guns proved essential to French military victories during the Napoleonic wars. Gribeauval is credited as the earliest known advocate for interchangeability of gun parts. He is thus one of the principal influences on the later development (over many decades by many people) of interchangeable manufacture.", "Q726140": "James Robert Rebhorn (September 1, 1948 \u2013 March 21, 2014) was an American character actor who appeared in over 100 films, television series, and plays. At the time of his death, he had recurring roles in the series White Collar and Homeland. He also appeared in films such as Scent of a Woman, Carlito's Way, Independence Day, My Cousin Vinny, and Meet the Parents.", "Q238823": "Suzanne Weyn (born July 7, 1955, Long Island, New York) is an American author. She primarily writes children's and young adult science fiction and fantasy novels and has written over fifty novels and short stories. She is best known for The Bar Code Tattoo, The Bar Code Rebellion and The Bar Code Prophecy. The Bar Code Tattoo has been translated into German, and in 2007 was nominated for the Jugendliteraturpreis for youth literature given by the German government. It was a 2007 Nevada Library nominee for Young Adult literature and American Library Association 2005 Quick Pick for Reluctant Young Adult Readers.", "Q445463": "Mayra Andrade (born (1985-02-13)13 February 1985) is a Cape Verdean singer who lives and records in Lisbon, Portugal. Often compared to Ces\u00e1ria \u00c9vora, Andrade has been praised for her modern interpretation of the traditional Cape Verdean morna music.", "Q432833": "Jane Withers (born April 12, 1926) is an American actress, model, and singer. Beginning a prolific career as a child actress at the age of 3, Withers is a Young Artist Award\u2013Former Child Star \"Lifetime Achievement\" Award honoree, best known for being one of the most popular child film stars of the 1930s and early 1940s. She is probably best known for playing the obnoxious Joy Smythe in the film she paired with Shirley Temple, Bright Eyes, as well as for her portrayal of \"Josephine the Plumber\" in a series of TV commercials for Comet cleanser in the 1960s and early 1970s. Also a singer, she debuted the Jule Styne-Sammy Cahn torch song \"Guess I'll Hang My Tears Out to Dry\" in 1944 in Glad to See You, a musical intended for Broadway which closed out of town in Philadelphia.", "Q260490": "Lindy Booth (born April 2, 1979) is a Canadian actress. She played Riley Grant on the Disney Channel series The Famous Jett Jackson (and Agent Hawk in the show-within-a-show Silverstone) and Claudia on Relic Hunter and A.J. Butterfield on the NBC series The Philanthropist. She then played Cassandra Cillian on the TNT series The Librarians (2014\u20132018).", "Q353728": "Kerr Van Cleve Smith (born March 9, 1972) is an American actor known for playing Jack McPhee on The WB drama series Dawson's Creek, Kyle Brody in The WB supernatural drama Charmed, Robert in Freeform's The Fosters and Axel Palmer in My Bloody Valentine 3D. He is also known for portraying Carter Horton in Final Destination (2000). He starred in the movie Where Hope Grows (2014).", "Q551364": "Christian Abraham Fleetwood (July 21, 1840 \u2013 September 28, 1914), was an African American non-commissioned officer in the United States Army, an editor, a musician, and a government official. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the American Civil War.\n\n", "Q38875": "Yasiin Bey (; born Dante Terrell Smith; December 11, 1973), better known by his stage name Mos Def (), is an American rapper, singer, actor, and activist. Best known for his music, Bey began his hip hop career in 1994, alongside his siblings in the short-lived rap group Urban Thermo Dynamics (UTD), after which he appeared on albums by Da Bush Babees and De La Soul. He subsequently formed the duo Black Star, alongside fellow Brooklyn-based rapper Talib Kweli, and they released their eponymous debut album in 1998. He was featured on the roster of Rawkus Records and in 1999 released his solo debut, Black on Both Sides. His debut was followed by The New Danger (2004), True Magic (2006) and The Ecstatic (2009). The editors at About.com listed him as the 14th greatest emcee of all time on their \"50 greatest MC's of our time\" list. Some of Mos Def's top hits include \"Oh No\", \"Definition\" and \"Respiration\".Prior to his career in music, Mos Def entered public life as a child actor with roles in television films, sitcoms, and theater. Since the early 2000s, Mos Def has appeared in films such as Something the Lord Made, Next Day Air, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, 16 Blocks, Be Kind Rewind, The Italian Job, The Woodsman, Bamboozled and Brown Sugar and in television series such as Dexter and House. He is also known as the host of Def Poetry Jam, which aired on HBO between 2002 and 2007.\nMos Def has been vocal on several social and political causes, including police brutality, the idea of American exceptionalism and the status of African-Americans.", "Q1376791": "The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) is a professional organization of more than 1,800 life scientists. Its goal is to promote research in life science and enable international exchange between scientists. It organizes courses, workshops and conferences, publishes five scientific journals and supports individual scientists and projects. The organization was founded in 1964 and is a founding member of the Initiative for Science in Europe. As of 2016 the Director of EMBO is Maria Leptin, a developmental biologist at the University of Cologne, Germany.", "Q189275": "The Soviet Union national football team (Russian: \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u043f\u043e \u0444\u0443\u0442\u0431\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0443, sbornaya SSSR po futbolu) was the national football team of the Soviet Union.\nAfter the breakup of the Union the team was transformed into the CIS national football team. FIFA considers the CIS national football team (and ultimately, the Russia national football team) as the Soviet successor team allocating its former records to them (except for the Olympic records which are not combined due to the IOC policy); nevertheless, a large percentage of the team's former players came from outside the Russian SFSR, mainly from the Ukrainian SSR, and following the breakup of the Soviet Union, some such as Andrei Kanchelskis from the former Ukrainian SSR, continued to play in the new Russia national football team.\nThe Soviet Union failed to qualify for the World Cup only twice, in 1974 and 1978, and attended seven finals tournaments in total. Their best finish was fourth in 1966, when they lost to West Germany in the semifinals, 2\u20131. The Soviet Union qualified for five European Championships, winning the inaugural competition in 1960 when they beat Yugoslavia in the final, 2\u20131. They finished second three times (1964, 1972, 1988), and fourth once (1968), when, having drawn with Italy in the semi-final, they were sent to the third place playoff match by the loss of a coin toss. The Soviet Union national team also participated in number of Olympic tournaments earning the gold medal in the 1956 and 1988. The Soviet team continued to field its national team players in Olympic tournaments despite the prohibition of FIFA in 1958 to field any national team players in Olympics (players in the Olympics were required to be amateurs at the time, Soviets effectively bent the rules by listing their best players in the military).", "Q211282": "2001 Maniacs: Field of Screams is a 2010 comedy horror film written and directed by Tim Sullivan. It is a sequel to his earlier film 2001 Maniacs. The story and characters are based on Herschell Gordon Lewis' original film Two Thousand Maniacs. The film stars Bill Moseley, Lin Shaye, Christa Campbell, Andrea Leon, and Nivek Ogre.", "Q472224": "Basil Megas Komnenos (Medieval Greek: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, romanized: Basileios Megas Komn\u0113nos) (died 6 April 1340) was Emperor of Trebizond from August 1332 until his death in 1340. Although Basil's reign was a period of stability during the civil war that dominated the pocket empire during the second quarter of the 14th century, some of that conflict had its origins in his marital actions.", "Q114424": "Franz Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein (Franz Seraph Joseph Carl Johann Nepomuc Quirin; 28 April 1767 \u2013 10 July 1854), was a German prince member of the House of Dietrichstein, Major general, 8th Prince (F\u00fcrst) of Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg, Count of Proskau-Leslie, Baron (Freiherr) of Hollenburg, Finkenstein and Thalberg.\nBorn in Nikolsburg, he was the third child and second (but eldest surviving) son of Karl Johann Baptist, 7th Prince of Dietrichstein, and Maria Christina Josepha, a daughter of Jan Josef Franti\u0161ek Anton\u00edn, Count of Thun-Hohenstein.", "Q3085": "Reutlingen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281\u0254\u028ftl\u026a\u014b\u0259n] (listen)) is a city in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is the capital of the eponymous district of Reutlingen. As of June 2018, it has a population of 115,818.\nReutlingen has a university of applied sciences, which was founded in 1855, originally as a weavers' school. Today Reutlingen is home to an established textile industry and also houses machinery, leather goods and steel manufacturing facilities. It has the narrowest street in the world, Spreuerhofstra\u00dfe (width 31 cm).", "Q1311939": "Radney Muckleroy Foster (born July 20, 1959) is an American country music singer-songwriter, musician and music producer. Initially a songwriter in Nashville, Tennessee, Foster made his recording debut as part of the Foster & Lloyd duo, recording three studio albums and with nine singles on the country charts.\nFoster began his solo career in 1992 and his album Del Rio, TX 1959 produced four consecutive Top 40 hits. However, his commercial success waned with the release subsequent albums such as Labor of Love (1995), See What You Want to See (1999), Are You Ready for the Big Show?, Another Way to Go (2002) and This World We Live In (2006). Overall, Foster has had thirteen songs on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including the Top Ten hits \"Just Call Me Lonesome\" (#10, 1992) and \"Nobody Wins\" (#2, 1993). His songs have been recorded by Gary Allan, Sara Evans, Keith Urban, Hootie and the Blowfish, and Jack Ingram.", "Q186146": "Y\u014dhei K\u014dno (\u6cb3\u91ce \u6d0b\u5e73, K\u014dno Y\u014dhei, born 15 January 1937 in Hiratsuka, Kanagawa) is a Japanese politician and a former President of the Liberal Democratic Party. He served as Speaker of the House of Representatives from November 2003 until August 2009, when the LDP lost its majority in the 2009 election. K\u014dno served as speaker for the longest length since the set up of House of Representatives in 1890.\nHe was the president of the Japan Association of Athletics Federations from 1999 to 2013.", "Q716068": "Art\u016bras Zuokas (born 21 February 1968 in Kaunas) is a Lithuanian politician. He is the Chairman of the political party Lithuanian Freedom Union. He was the Mayor of Vilnius from 2000 to 2007 and again from 2011 to 2015. From 2008 to 2009 he was a member of the Seimas (Lithuanian Parliament).\nZuokas graduated from the first secondary school in Jonava. He then worked as an independent reporter for Independent Television News as a war reporter in Iraq, where he taped the bombing of the Baghdad TV Tower during the First Gulf War. In August 1991, he brought recently captured footage from the site of the Medininkai massacre to the official meeting between the president of the United States George H. W. Bush and Soviet Union president Mikhail Gorbachev in Moscow, which caused concern from the American side about the use of force against freedom-seeking nations.\n\n", "Q77151": "Last Stop 174 (Portuguese: \u00daltima Parada 174) is a 2008 Brazilian film directed by Bruno Barreto, written by Braulio Mantovani, produced by Moonshot Pictures and starring Michel Gomes and Marcello Melo, Jr.. The film relates a fictionalized account of the life of Sandro Rosa do Nascimento, a street kid in Rio de Janeiro that survived the Candel\u00e1ria massacre and, in 2000, hijacked a bus. On September 16, 2008, the film was chosen by the Ministry of Culture as the representative of Brazil in the Oscar competition for best foreign film at the ceremony in 2009.In rigorous reconstruction of the facts, the film was set in locations of downtown Rio de Janeiro, as the Candel\u00e1ria Church, the neighborhood of the Jardim Bot\u00e2nico, Tavares Bastos' favela (slum) and Curicica, over eight weeks, between July, August and September 2007.", "Q78262": "Carl Friedrich von P\u00fcckler-Burghauss (October 7, 1886 \u2013 12 May 1945) was a German politician and a SS functionary during the Nazi era. He was a member of the German parliament during the Weimar Republic. During World War II, P\u00fcckler-Burghauss was chief of the Waffen-SS units in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and also temporarily commanded the Latvian Division of the Waffen-SS.", "Q57281": "August Wilhelm (after 1812: von) Schlegel (; German: [\u02c8\u0283le\u02d0gl\u0329]; 8 September 1767 \u2013 12 May 1845), usually cited as August Schlegel, was a German poet, translator and critic, and with his brother Friedrich Schlegel the leading influence within Jena Romanticism. His translations of Shakespeare turned the English dramatist's works into German classics. Schlegel was also the first professor of Sanskrit in Continental Europe and produced a translation of the Bhagavad Gita.", "Q1426464": "Phillips Exeter Academy (often called Exeter or PEA) is a highly selective, coeducational independent school for boarding and day students in grades 9 through 12, and offers a secondary postgraduate program. Located in Exeter, New Hampshire, it is one of the oldest secondary schools in the United States. Its history, influence, wealth, and academic reputation have made it one of the most elite boarding schools in the world.Exeter is based on the Harkness education system, a conference format of student interaction with minimal teacher involvement. It has the largest endowment of any New England boarding school, which as of 2018 was valued at $1.3 billion. On January 25, 2019, William K. Rawson was appointed by the academy's trustees as the 16th Principal Instructor. He is the 4th alumnus of Exeter to serve as Principal Instructor, after Gideon Lane Soule (1838\u20131873), Harlan Amen (1895\u20131913), and William Saltonstall (1946\u20131963).\nPhillips Exeter Academy has educated several generations of the New England establishment and prominent American politicians, but has introduced many programs to diversify the student population, including need-blind admission. In 2018, over 45% of students received financial aid from grants totaling over $22 million. The school has been historically highly selective, with an acceptance rate of 15% for the 2019\u20132020 school year, and approximately 30% of graduates attend an Ivy League university, Stanford University, or the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Management of the school's financial and physical resources is overseen by trustees drawn from alumni. Day-to-day operations are headed by a principal, who is appointed by the trustees. The faculty of the school are responsible for governing matters relating to student life, both in and out of the classroom.The school's first enrolled class counted 56 boys; in 1970, when the decision was made to implement co-education, there were 700 boys. The 2018 academic year saw enrollment at 1,096 students, with 883 boarding students and 213 day students. The students comprise roughly equal numbers of males and females, who are housed in 25 single-sex and two mixed-sex dormitories. Each residence is supervised by a dormitory head selected from the faculty.", "Q474655": "Westlake Village is a city in Los Angeles County on its western border with Ventura County. The city is named after the master-planned community of Westlake Village. With a lake at the center, the community straddles the line between Los Angeles and Ventura counties. Roughly two-thirds of the community was annexed by the city of Thousand Oaks. In 1981, the remaining portion incorporated into the City of Westlake Village which became the 82nd municipality of Los Angeles County. The population of the city was estimated to be at 8,352 in 2018, up from 8,270 at the 2010 census.", "Q570341": "The Nouveau Roman (French pronunciation: \u200b[nuvo \u0281\u0254m\u0251\u0303], new novel) is a type of 1950s French novel that diverged from classical literary genres. \u00c9mile Henriot coined the term in an article in the popular French newspaper Le Monde on May 22, 1957 to describe certain writers who experimented with style in each novel, creating an essentially new style each time. Most of the founding authors were published by Les \u00c9ditions de Minuit with the strong support of J\u00e9r\u00f4me Lindon.", "Q271576": "Robert John Arthur Halford (born 25 August 1951) is an English singer and songwriter. He is best known as the lead vocalist of the Grammy Award-winning heavy metal band Judas Priest. He is famous for his powerful wide-ranging voice and his trademark leather-and-studs image, both of which became iconic in heavy metal. In addition to his work with Judas Priest, he has been involved with several side projects, including Fight, Two, and Halford.\nAllMusic says of Halford: \"There have been few vocalists in the history of heavy metal whose singing style has been as influential and instantly recognizable... able to effortlessly alternate between a throaty growl and an ear-splitting falsetto\". Halford was voted number 33 in the greatest voices in rock by Planet Rock listeners in 2009. He has also been nicknamed \"Metal God\" by fans.", "Q1606718": "Henry French Hollis (August 30, 1869 \u2013 July 7, 1949) was a United States Senator from New Hampshire, and regent of the Smithsonian Institution.", "Q38646": "The Peter and Paul Fortress is the original citadel of St. Petersburg, Russia, founded by Peter the Great in 1703 and built to Domenico Trezzini's designs from 1706 to 1740 as a star fortress. In the early 1920s, it was still used as a prison and execution ground by the Bolshevik government.Today it has been adapted as the central and most important part of the State Museum of Saint Petersburg History. The museum has gradually become virtually the sole owner of the fortress building, except the structure occupied by the Saint Petersburg Mint (Monetniy Dvor).", "Q526107": "Spencer James Smith (born September 2, 1987) is an American talent agent and former musician and songwriter. He is best known as a co-founding member and the former drummer of the rock band Panic! at the Disco. He recorded four studio albums with the band: A Fever You Can't Sweat Out (2005), Pretty. Odd. (2008), Vices & Virtues (2011), and Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die! (2013). The band's debut album went triple platinum and charted at No. 13 on the US Billboard 200, spearheaded by the hit single \"I Write Sins Not Tragedies\", which peaked at No. 7 in the Billboard Hot 100.\nAfter recording 4 albums in the band, he announced his departure from Panic! on April 2, 2015 via the band's official website, citing a need to settle his drug issues. As of February 7, 2018, Spencer works as an official manager and talent finder at DCD2 Records.", "Q934820": "David Douglas Duncan (January 23, 1916 \u2013 June 7, 2018) was an American photojournalist, known for his dramatic combat photographs, as well as for his extensive domestic photography of Pablo Picasso and his wife Jacqueline.", "Q222890": "Novatian (c. 200\u2013258) was a scholar, priest, theologian and antipope between 251 and 258. Some Greek authors give his name as Novatus, who was an African presbyter.\nHe was a noted theologian and writer, the first Roman theologian who used the Latin language, at a time when there was much debate about how to deal with Christians who had lapsed and wished to return, and the issue of penance. Consecrated as pope by three bishops in 251, he adopted a more rigorous position than the established Pope Cornelius. Novatian was shortly afterwards excommunicated: the schismatic church which he established persisted for several centuries (see Novatianism). Novatian fled during a period of persecutions, and may have been a martyr.", "Q148429": "Practical Magic is a 1998 American romantic comedy fantasy film based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Alice Hoffman. The film was directed by Griffin Dunne and stars Sandra Bullock, Nicole Kidman, Stockard Channing, Dianne Wiest, Aidan Quinn, and Goran Visnjic.\nBullock and Kidman play sisters Sally and Gillian Owens, who have always known they were different from other people - they are witches. Raised by their aunts after their parents' death, the sisters grew up in a household that was anything but normal \u2014 their aunts fed them chocolate cake for breakfast and taught them the uses of practical magic. But being a member of the Owens family carries a curse: The men they fall in love with are doomed to an untimely death. Now adult women with very different personalities, the quiet Sally and the fiery Gillian must use all of their powers to fight the family curse and a swarm of supernatural forces that could take away all the Owenses' lives.\n\n", "Q3083324": "Fran\u00e7ois-Charles Oberth\u00fcr (1818, Strasbourg \u2013 1893) was the founder of the French printing group Imprimerie Oberthur (fr). In Strasbourg, Fran\u00e7ois-Charles, an engraver, ran a printing press, with Alois Senefelder, the inventor of lithography. He moved to Rennes in 1838, qualified as a lithographer in 1842 and then founded a printing company, with a partner. He became the sole owner in 1855, calling his enterprise the Imprimerie Oberth\u00fcr. \n\nImprimerie Oberth\u00fcr was the exclusive printer for Compagnie des Chemins de Fer de l'Ouest (Western Railway Company), published the first French telephone directory publisher and the \"Almanach des Postes\" Post Office almanac. These became a huge success, bringing cheap but very high quality art printing to many thousands of families across France. The press also specialized in colour plates featuring flowers, butterflies and beetles. Fran\u00e7ois-Charles Oberth\u00fcr also devised the French standard reference for tints.\nHe was an amateur entomologist specialising in Lepidoptera especially Zygaenidae and Lycaenidae. He had two sons\nRen\u00e9 Oberth\u00fcr and Charles Oberth\u00fcr. Both became entomologists. \nThe Oberthur house, n\u00b0 82 de la rue de Paris, is preserved in Rennes and a \"jardin anglais\" in Rennes is named for him.", "Q441836": "Sonja Sohn (born Sonja Williams; May 9, 1964) is an American actress and director best known for her roles as Detective Kima Greggs on the HBO drama The Wire and Detective Samantha Baker on the ABC series Body of Proof. She is also known for having starred in the independent film Slam, which she co-wrote. Her role on The Wire led to her current work as the leader of a Baltimore community initiative called ReWired for Change.", "Q286698": "Taliana Mar\u00eda Vargas Carrillo (born December 20, 1987) is a Colombian actress, model, and television personality who was crowned Miss Colombia 2007 and placed 1st Runner-Up at Miss Universe 2008. Vargas is a student of Journalism at the Northern Virginia Community College in Alexandria, Virginia.\nBorn in Santa Marta, Vargas is of Lebanese and Greek descent through her grandparents, and has Italian relatives. She speaks fluent Spanish, English, and Italian, as well as some Greek and Arabic.", "Q573648": "Robert Breckenridge Ware \"Robin\" MacNeil, OC (born January 19, 1931) is a Canadian-American journalist and writer. He is a retired television news anchor who partnered with Jim Lehrer to create The MacNeil/Lehrer Report in 1975.", "Q359588": "Eric V Klipping (1249 \u2013 22 November 1286) was King of Denmark (1259\u20131286) and son of King Christopher I of Denmark. From 1259-1266, he ruled under the auspices of his competent mother, Margaret Sambiria (1230-1282). Between 1261 and 1262, the young King Eric was a prisoner in Holstein following a military defeat. Afterwards, he lived in Brandenburg, where he was initially held captive by John I, Margrave of Brandenburg (c. 1213-1266) .", "Q156617": "Christian X (Christian Carl Frederik Albert Alexander Vilhelm; 26 September 1870 \u2013 20 April 1947) was King of Denmark from 1912 to 1947, and the only King of Iceland (where the name was officially Kristj\u00e1n X) between 1918 and 1944. He was a member of the House of Gl\u00fccksburg and the first monarch since King Frederick VII to have actually been born into the Danish royal family; both his father and his grandfather were born as princes of a ducal family from Schleswig. Among his siblings was King Haakon VII of Norway. \nHis character has been described as authoritarian and he strongly stressed the importance of royal dignity and power. His reluctance to fully embrace democracy resulted in the Easter Crisis of 1920, in which he dismissed the democratically elected Social Liberal cabinet with which he disagreed, and instated one of his own choosing. This was in accordance with the letter of the constitution, but the principle of parliamentarianism had been considered a constitutional custom since 1901. Faced with mass demonstrations, a general strike organized by the Social Democrats and the risk of the monarchy being overthrown he was forced to accept that a monarch could not keep a government in office against the will of parliament, as well as his reduced role as a symbolic head of state.\nDuring the German occupation of Denmark, Christian become a popular symbol of resistance, particularly because of the symbolic value of the fact that he rode every day through the streets of Copenhagen unaccompanied by guards. With a reign spanning two world wars, and his role as a rallying symbol for Danish national sentiment during the German occupation, he became one of the most popular Danish monarchs of modern times.", "Q430017": "Old\u0159ich Navr\u00e1til (born 21 October 1952) is Czech stage, film and television actor. He has appeared in 75 films and television shows since 1976 and starred in the 1982 film Incomplete Eclipse, which was entered into the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival.In recent years Navr\u00e1til has become a well-known, albeit reclusive, soap opera star. On 6 February 2018, Navr\u00e1til announced his candidacy for Senate at T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010d district. He is a candidate of TOP 09.", "Q1009670": "Bunny is a 1998 American computer-animated short film by Chris Wedge and produced by Blue Sky Studios.\nIt was featured on the original DVD release of Ice Age from 2002 and its 2006 \"Super Cool Edition\" re-release to coincide with the release of Robots, which was also directed by Chris Wedge.\nInfluenced by the classic Uncle Wiggily illustrations by Lansing Campbell, the short features the music of Tom Waits.\nBunny won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 1998 as well a Golden Nica at the Prix Ars Electronica.", "Q1334549": "Orville Knapp (January 1, 1904 - July 16, 1936) was an American dance bandleader born in Kansas City, Missouri. He was the brother of Evalyn Knapp.\nOrville Knapp was an autodidact on saxophone, and moved to New York City in the early 1920s, where he played in the bands of Vincent Lopez and Leo Reisman. He then joined the Coon-Sanders Original Nighthawk Orchestra. Later in the 1920s, he formed his own group, which included Curly Howard, later one of the Three Stooges (Curly Howard was Shemp and Moe Howard's brother); their stage show often included a gag in which Howard, playing the part of orchestra conductor, would progressively lose pieces of his tuxedo as he led the band, including his pants.Knapp's sister, Pauline (who used her middle name informally but her first name Evalyn professionally), had by this time moved to Hollywood to pursue work in film and become a star, appearing as leading lady with Edward G. Robinson and James Cagney in Smart Money (1931) and John Wayne in His Private Secretary (1933) among many others; Knapp joined her there in 1933, where he founded a new band. This group performed at the Grand Hotel in Santa Monica in 1934 and the Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills in 1935-1935, and recorded for Decca Records. Edith Caldwell, Ray Hendricks, Dave Marshall, Don Raymond, Norman Ruvell, and Virginia Verrill all served as vocalists for the group. Eventually, Leighton Noble became the group's regular singer. Critic Eugene Chadbourne remarked of Knapp's hiring process, \"Knapp revealed an absolute lack of instinct for new talent by turning down both Stan Kenton and Spike Jones for the respective positions of pianist and drummer\" although Knapp might have passed on them for other reasons.\nIn 1935, Knapp's orchestra broadcast on WOR and went on a nationwide tour, recording in New York for Brunswick Records. He married Gloria Grafton, a Broadway star, that same year, and began taking flying lessons. In July 1936, while piloting a biplane, he crashed on the runway at Beverly Regional Airport and was killed.Following Knapp's death, Noble took over the group, but he was pushed out by Knapp's widow and by the talent agency which managed the band. George Olsen became the orchestra's leader; Olsen later changed the group's name to the Music of Tomorrow Orchestra.", "Q263172": "Maureen Kathleen Stewart Forrester, (July 25, 1930 \u2013 June 16, 2010) was a Canadian operatic contralto.", "Q823390": "RotFront (often prefixed with: \"Emigrantski Raggamuffin Kollektiv\") is a world music band from Berlin.\n\n", "Q205591": "Jean-Pons-Guillaume Viennet (18 November 1777 \u2013 10 July 1868) was a French politician, playwright and poet. He was also a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise and a prominent Freemason.\nHis long career as a soldier then a politician, playwright and poet lasted through political revolutions and literary wars, and is full of incident and travels. He had a talent for self-promotion within many regimes and got to know all political and literary dignitaries, all the while verging on impopularity. He said \"I have counted up to 500 epigrams a year against me; anyone who escapes college to join a soap-opera thinks I should have his first kick\". His name was like a red rag to a bull to Republicans and Romantics, but he avenged himself on his worst enemies by fables or epithets against them.", "Q1282189": "Joseph Erwin Jacoby (born July 6, 1959) is a former American football offensive lineman for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL), where he won three Super Bowls during his tenure with the team. Many Redskins' fans and analysts consider Jacoby the greatest Redskins player not currently inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.", "Q845015": "Chiswick ( (listen) CHIZ-ik) is a district of west London, England. It contains Hogarth's House, the former residence of the 18th-century English artist William Hogarth; Chiswick House, a neo-Palladian villa regarded as one of the finest in England; and Fuller's Brewery, London's largest and oldest brewery. In a meander of the River Thames used for competitive and recreational rowing, with several rowing clubs on the river bank, the finishing post for the Boat Race is just downstream of Chiswick Bridge.\nChiswick was an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, with an agrarian and fishing economy beside the river. Having good communications with London, Chiswick became a popular country retreat and part of the suburban growth of London in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It became the Municipal Borough of Brentford and Chiswick in 1932 and part of Greater London in 1965, when it merged into the London Borough of Hounslow. Chiswick is an affluent area which includes Bedford Park, Grove Park, the Glebe Estate, Strand-on-the-Green and Tube stations Chiswick Park, Turnham Green and Gunnersbury, as well as the Gunnersbury Triangle local nature reserve.\nChiswick Roundabout is the start of the North Circular Road (A406). At Hogarth Roundabout, the Great West Road from central London becomes the M4 motorway, providing a transport connection to Heathrow Airport and the M4 corridor. The Great Chertsey Road (A316) runs south-west from the Hogarth Roundabout, becoming the M3 motorway.\nPeople who have lived in Chiswick include the poets Alexander Pope and W. B. Yeats, the Italian revolutionary Ugo Foscolo, the Impressionist painter Camille Pissarro, the novelist E. M. Forster, rock musician Pete Townshend, and stage director Peter Brook.", "Q192655": "Lara Sophie Katy Crokaert (born January 9, 1970), better known as Lara Fabian, is a Canadian-Belgian singer, songwriter, musician, actress and producer. She has sold over 20 million records worldwide as of September 2017 and is one of the best-selling Belgian artists of all time.She was born in Etterbeek, Brussels to a Belgian father and a Sicilian mother. Since 1996 she holds a Canadian citizenship alongside her original Belgian citizenship.\nAs of 2015 she lived in Walloon Brabant province in Belgium just outside Brussels. She has since moved back to Montreal.", "Q466537": "Orly Levy-Abekasis (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05dc\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d5\u05d9-\u05d0\u05d1\u05e7\u05e1\u05d9\u05e1\u200e, born 11 November 1973) is an Israeli politician. She is currently a member of the Knesset for Gesher. Levy originally entered the Knesset in 2009 as a representative of Yisrael Beiteinu, but left the party in 2017 to sit as an independent. In 2019, she formed her own party, Gesher, to contest the April 2019 elections. Although the party failed to win a seat, she returned to the Knesset following the September 2019 elections, in which Gesher ran together with the Labor Party.", "Q100337": "Peter Borgelt (20 September 1927 \u2013 18 March 1994) was a German television actor.\nBorgelt was best known for playing the character of Hauptmann Fuchs in the long-running series Polizeiruf 110 between 1971 and 1991. As with this series he often played detectives.", "Q25617": "Up, Down, Fragile (French: Haut bas fragile) is a 1995 French film directed by Jacques Rivette. It was entered into the 19th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Q677496": "Georges Wilson (16 October 1921 \u2013 3 February 2010) was a French film and television actor. He is the father of French actor Lambert Wilson.", "Q215782": "Andranik Nahapeti Margaryan (Armenian: \u0531\u0576\u0564\u0580\u0561\u0576\u056b\u056f \u0546\u0561\u0570\u0561\u057a\u0565\u057f\u056b \u0544\u0561\u0580\u0563\u0561\u0580\u0575\u0561\u0576, alternative spelling: Andranik Margarian) (12 June 1949 \u2013 25 March 2007) served as the Prime Minister of Armenia from 12 May 2000, when the President appointed him, until his death on 25 March 2007. He was a member of the Republican Party of Armenia. He succeeded the Sargsyan brothers: Vazgen Sargsyan, who was murdered during the Armenian parliament shooting on 27 October 1999 and Aram Sargsyan, whom the President appointed a week later, but fired on 2 May 2000.", "Q98396": "Norbert Geng (born 1965) is a German lawyer and professor of special business law.", "Q110124": "Elke Cordelia Neidhardt AM (5 July 1941 \u2013 25 November 2013) was a German Australian actress and opera and theatre director. She appeared in theatre, television and feature films in Germany, Austria, France and Australia, and directed operas in Zurich, Amsterdam, Aix-en-Provence, Salzburg, Vienna, Cologne and Australia. She is best known in Australia for directing operas with Opera Australia, and most particularly for directing the first full modern Australian production of Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle, in Adelaide in 2004.", "Q329709": "Mutiny on the Bounty is a 1935 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer drama film directed by Frank Lloyd and starring Charles Laughton and Clark Gable, based on the Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall novel Mutiny on the Bounty.\nThe film was one of MGM's biggest hits of the 1930s. Despite some historical inaccuracies, film critics consider this adaptation to be the best cinematic work inspired by the mutiny.", "Q273407": "Victoria Anne Theresa Peterson Cowsill (born January 11, 1958) is an American rock musician and songwriter. She has been the lead guitarist for the Bangles since their foundation in 1981, and after their first breakup in 1989 she has returned to the band for all subsequent reunions. In intervening years she performed with other artists, most extensively with the Continental Drifters.", "Q441188": "Sarah Murdoch (n\u00e9e O'Hare; born 31 May 1972) is a British-born Australian model, actress and television presenter.", "Q106746": "Richard Errett Smalley (June 6, 1943 \u2013 October 28, 2005) was the Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Rice University, in Houston, Texas. In 1996, along with Robert Curl, also a professor of chemistry at Rice, and Harold Kroto, a professor at the University of Sussex, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of a new form of carbon, buckminsterfullerene, also known as buckyballs. He was an advocate of nanotechnology and its applications.\n\n", "Q310188": "Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. (; August 22, 1934 \u2013 December 27, 2012) was a United States Army general. While serving as the commander of United States Central Command, he led all coalition forces in the Gulf War.\nBorn in Trenton, New Jersey, Schwarzkopf grew up in the United States and later in Iran. He was accepted by the United States Military Academy and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army in 1956. After a number of initial training programs, Schwarzkopf interrupted a stint as an academy teacher and served in the Vietnam War, first as an adviser to the South Vietnamese Army and then as a battalion commander. Schwarzkopf was highly decorated in Vietnam and was awarded three Silver Stars, two Purple Hearts, and the Legion of Merit. Rising through the ranks after the Vietnam war, he later commanded the 24th Mechanized Infantry Division and was one of the commanders of the Invasion of Grenada in 1983.\nAssuming command of United States Central Command in 1988, Schwarzkopf was called on to respond to the Invasion of Kuwait in 1990 by the forces of Ba'athist Iraq under Saddam Hussein. Initially tasked with defending Saudi Arabia from Iraqi aggression, Schwarzkopf's command eventually grew to an international force of over 750,000 troops. After diplomatic relations broke down, he planned and led Operation Desert Storm, an extended air campaign followed by a highly-successful 100-hour ground offensive, which defeated the Iraqi Army and liberated Kuwait in early 1991. Schwarzkopf was presented with military honors.\nSchwarzkopf retired shortly after the end of the war and undertook a number of philanthropic ventures, only occasionally stepping into the political spotlight before his death from complications of pneumonia. A hard-driving military commander with a strong temper, Schwarzkopf was considered an exceptional leader by many biographers and was noted for his abilities as a military diplomat and in dealing with the press.", "Q968193": "Gregory Allyn \"Greg\" Palast (born June 26, 1952) is an author and a freelance journalist who often worked for the BBC and The Guardian. His work frequently focuses on corporate malfeasance but has also worked with labour unions and consumer advocacy groups.\n\n", "Q223230": "Leopold Henryk Staff (November 14, 1878 \u2013 May 31, 1957) was a Polish poet; one of the greatest artists of European modernism twice granted the Degree of Doctor honoris causa by universities in Warsaw and in Krak\u00f3w. He was also nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature by Polish PEN Club. Representative of classicism and symbolism in the poetry of Young Poland, he was an author of many philosophical poems influenced by the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, the ideas of Franciscan order as well as paradoxes of Christianity.", "Q272719": "Alice Margaret Ghostley (August 14, 1923 \u2013 September 21, 2007) was an American actress and singer. She was best known for her roles as the bungling insecure Esmeralda (1969\u201370; 1972) on Bewitched, as Cousin Alice (1970\u201371) on Mayberry R.F.D., and as Bernice Clifton (1986\u201393) on Designing Women, for which she received an Emmy nomination for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 1992. She was a regular on Nichols (1971\u201372) and The Julie Andrews Hour (1972\u201373).", "Q983654": "Sergey Yevgenyevich Naryshkin (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0301\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d, IPA: [s\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8\u0261\u02b2ej j\u026a\u02c8v\u0261\u02b2en\u02b2\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 n\u0250\u02c8r\u0268\u0282k\u02b2\u026an]; born 27 October 1954) is a Russian official, politician and businessman, Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service since 2016. Previously he was Chairman of the State Duma (2011 - 2016) and Kremlin Chief of Staff (2008-2012); he was also chairman of the Historical Truth Commission in May 2009 until it was dissolved in February 2012.", "Q65233": "Riom-Parsonz is a former municipality in the Surs\u00e9s in the district of Albula in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. It was created from the 1979 union of the villages of Riom and Parsonz. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged to form the new municipality of Surses.", "Q464320": "Stephen Root (born November 17, 1951) is an American actor, voice actor, and comedian. He has starred as Jimmy James on the TV sitcom NewsRadio, as Milton Waddams in the film Office Space (1999), and as the voices of Bill Dauterive and Buck Strickland in the animated series King of the Hill. His other roles have included Captain K'Vada in the Star Trek: The Next Generation two-part episode \"Unification\" (1991), Mr. Lund in O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), Gordon Pibb in DodgeBall (2004), Hawthorne Abendsen in seasons 2, 3 and 4 of the series The Man in the High Castle, Jim Hudson in Get Out (2017), and supporting roles in a variety of HBO series, including Boardwalk Empire and Barry.", "Q884649": "Edward Scofield (March 28, 1842 \u2013 February 3, 1925) was an American lumberman and politician who served as the 19th Governor of Wisconsin.\n\n", "Q133925": "John Keith Patrick Allen (17 March 1927 \u2013 28 July 2006) was a British actor and voice actor.", "Q71246": "Hans Trippel (1908 - 2001) was a German industrial designer, responsible for the designs of the Mercedes-Benz Gullwing's door and the Amphicar.\nTrippel was born on 19 July 1908 in the Darmstadt area and died 30 July 2001, possibly in Berlin. In 1934 he embarked upon a career as a racing driver. In retrospect he is better remembered for the development of amphibious motor vehicles. Also noteworthy is his membership of the quasi-military SA. As an active supporter of the German regime in 1940 when France was invaded by Germany, Trippel took over control of the Bugatti plant at Molsheim. Following Germany's defeat in 1945, he was interned as a war profiteer by the French authorities for three years until 1949.", "Q84967": "Martin Ehrenhauser (born September the 18, 1978) is an Austrian former Member of the European Parliament (MEP). He took his seat in the parliament in July 2009, when Hans-Peter Martin's List, an independent Austrian list led by author and MEP Hans-Peter Martin gained 17.7% of the Austrian vote in the 2009 elections for the European Parliament. He was defeated in 2014.\nHe, like his former mentor Hans-Peter Martin, has gained wide media attention for exposing 'scandals' in the European Union.", "Q180251": "Sidney Aaron \"Paddy\" Chayefsky (January 29, 1923 \u2013 August 1, 1981) was an American playwright, screenwriter and novelist. He is the only person to have won three solo Academy Awards for writing both adapted and original screenplays.He was one of the most renowned dramatists of the Golden Age of Television. His intimate, realistic scripts provided a naturalistic style of television drama for the 1950s, dramatizing the lives of ordinary Americans. Martin Gottfried wrote in All His Jazz that Chayefsky was \"the most successful graduate of television's slice of life school of naturalism.\"Following his critically acclaimed teleplays, Chayefsky became a noted playwright and novelist. As a screenwriter, he received three Academy Awards for Marty (1955), The Hospital (1971) and Network (1976). The movie Marty was based on his own television drama about two lonely people finding love. Network was a satire of the television industry and The Hospital was also satiric. Film historian David Thomson called The Hospital \"years ahead of its time. [\u2026] Few films capture the disaster of America's self-destructive idealism so well.\" His screenplay for Network is often regarded as his masterpiece, and has been hailed as \"the kind of literate, darkly funny and breathtakingly prescient material that prompts many to claim it as the greatest screenplay of the 20th century.\"Chayefsky's early stories were frequently influenced by the author's childhood in The Bronx. Chayefsky was part of the inaugural class of inductees into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences' Television Hall of Fame. He received this honor three years after his death, in 1984.", "Q717410": "Harry Ward Leonard (February 8, 1861 \u2013 February 18, 1915) was an American electrical engineer and inventor. He is best known for his invention, the Ward Leonard motor control system. Equipment based on this invention remained in service into the 21st century.", "Q1985034": "Nicholas Wood FRS (24 April 1795 \u2013 19 December 1865) was an English colliery and steam locomotive engineer. He helped engineer and design many steps forward in both engineering and mining safety, and helped bring about the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers, holding the position of President from its inauguration to his death.", "Q61055": "Arno Breker (19 July 1900 \u2013 13 February 1991) was a German architect and sculptor who is best known for his public works in Nazi Germany, where they were endorsed by the authorities as the antithesis of degenerate art. One of his better known statues is Die Partei, representing the spirit of the Nazi Party that flanked one side of the carriage entrance to Albert Speer's new Reich Chancellery.", "Q386854": "A drummer is a percussionist who creates music using drums.\nMost contemporary western bands that play rock, pop, jazz, or R&B music include a drummer for purposes including timekeeping and embellishing the musical timbre. The drummer's equipment includes a drum kit (or \"drum set\" or \"trap set\") which includes various drums, cymbals and an assortment of accessory hardware such as pedals, standing support mechanisms, and drum sticks.\nIn other genres, particularly in the traditional music of many countries, drummers use individual drums of various sizes and designs rather than drum kits. Some use only their hands to strike the drums.In larger ensembles, the drummer may be part of a rhythm section with other percussionists playing, for example, vibraphone, marimba or xylophone. These musicians provide the timing and rhythmic foundation which allow the players of melodic instruments, including voices, to coordinate their musical performance.\nSome famous drummers include: Ringo Starr, John Bonham, Ginger Baker, Keith Moon (The Who), Neil Peart, Buddy Rich, Gene Krupa, Tim \"Herb\" Alexander (Primus), Phil Rudd (AC/DC), Rashied Ali, Carl Allen, Steve White, Craig Blundell, Travis Barker, Tony Royster Jr., Rick Allen (Def Leppard), Tr\u00e9 Cool (Green Day), Dave Grohl (Nirvana).\nAs well as the primary rhythmic function, in some musical styles, such as world, jazz, classical, and electronica, the drummer is called upon to provide solo and lead performances, at times when the main feature of the music is the rhythmic development.\nThere are many tools that a drummer can use for either timekeeping or soloing.\nThese include cymbals (china, crash, ride, splash, hi-hats, etc.), snare, toms, \nauxiliary percussion (bells, Latin drums, cowbells, temple blocks) and many others.\nAlso there are single, double, and triple bass pedals for the bass drum.", "Q868839": "Constantin Negruzzi (Romanian pronunciation: [konstan\u02c8tin ne\u02c8\u0261rut\u0361si], first name often Costache pronounced [kos\u02c8take]; 1808\u201324 August 1868) was a Romanian poet, novelist, translator, playwright and politician.\nBorn in Trife\u015ftii Vechi, Moldavia, he studied at home with a Greek teacher. He admitted in a later article that he learnt Romanian by himself, from a book written by Petru Maior. During the 1821 Revolution, his family took refuge in Chi\u015fin\u0103u, Bessarabia, where he met Alexander Pushkin and became interested in literature.\nNotable among his writings are his memoirs - Amintiri din june\u0163e (\"Memories of youth\") - and his historical writings, Fragmente istorice (\"Historical fragments\"), Negru in alb (\"Black on white\"), Aprodul pur (an aprod was a minor noble title, typically the son of a lord; Purice is a proper name, but literally means \"flea\"; see Movile\u015fti). He translated some of the ballads of Victor Hugo, some of Thomas Moore's poetry and Antioch Kantemir's poetry. Negruzzi wrote two plays, Muza de la Burdujeni (\"The Muse of Burdujeni\") and C\u00e2rlani (\"Lambs\"), while translating several other plays.\nNegruzzi also held several functions, including finance minister and deputy under Sturdza-Vod\u0103. A supporter of liberal causes, he was twice exiled to his house in Trife\u015fti for criticism of the government. His son was the writer Iacob Negruzzi Saracie.", "Q31662": "Gmund am Tegernsee is a municipality in the district of Miesbach in Bavaria in Germany. The town is located on the north shore of the Tegernsee Lake, and near the source of River Mangfall. It is 46 kilometres (29 mi) from Munich and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the district capital, the town of Miesbach.\nFamous personalities who lived in Gmund were the Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Ludwig Erhard, who is buried in Gmund's cemetery, the architect Sep Ruf and the clockmaker Johann Mannhardt. Reichsf\u00fchrer Heinrich Himmler and his family maintained a home there from 1934 to 1945.\nGmund is served by a station on the privately owned Tegernsee-Bahn railway, and is linked to Munich by through trains of the Bayerische Oberlandbahn.", "Q104151": "Carl-Edgar Jarchow (born 29 March 1955 in Hamburg) is a German politician (FDP) and chairman of the football club Hamburger SV.\nJarchow was in the 1990s member of the Statt Partei and vice-chairman of this party in the state of Hamburg. In 2007 he became a member of the liberal FDP. At the 2011 Hamburg state election he was elected in the Hamburg Parliament. Since April 2011 he is a member of the Hamburg state executive board of the party. Since March 2011 Jarchow is chairman of the football club Hamburger SV.", "Q78504": "Sir Ernst Hans Josef Gombrich (; German: [\u02c8g\u0254mb\u0281\u026a\u00e7]; 30 March 1909 \u2013 3 November 2001) was an Austrian-born art historian who, after settling in England in 1936, became a naturalised British citizen in 1947 and spent most of his working life in the United Kingdom.\nGombrich was the author of many works of cultural history and art history, most notably The Story of Art, a book widely regarded as one of the most accessible introductions to the visual arts, and Art and Illusion, a major work in the psychology of perception that influenced thinkers as diverse as Carlo Ginzburg, Nelson Goodman and Umberto Eco.", "Q3336241": "Nasser David Khalili (Persian: \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200e, born 18 December 1945) is a British-Iranian scholar, collector, and philanthropist based in London. He is a British citizen. Khalili is the founder of the Khalili Collections, which is said to include the finest and most comprehensive collection of Islamic art in private hands. Khalili was born in Iran, before leaving the country to study in the United States. He graduated from Queens College, City University of New York in 1974 with a computer science degree. He later received a PhD degree in Islamic art in 1988, from the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, writing his thesis on Islamic lacquerware.\nHe first started to collect art in New York during the 1970s, while also spending a lot of time in London investing in property during the 1980s. Over the coming decades, Khalili created eight distinct art collections under the auspices of the Khalili Family Trust. Khalili is said to have initially generated capital in the 1980s through the sale of a company and also venture capital. Since then his wealth has grown substantially, which he stated in an interview was due to \"dealing in art, commodities and real estate\". Khalili is known for the purchase of a number of large properties in London. One of his properties in Kensington Palace Gardens, was sold to Bernie Ecclestone for \u00a357 million. He was also the co-owner of Sixty London on Holborn Viaduct, London. It is currently leased by Amazon as their London office.\nIn 1995, he founded the Maimonides Interfaith Foundation where he serves as Chairman. Khalili is a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador and has addressed a number of high-level dignitaries on behalf of the United Nations and UNESCO. He is also a trustee of the City of Jerusalem and has received knighthoods from two Popes.Many commentators have drawn up different values for his works over the years, many valuations were made without public knowledge of what the collections contained. More accurate values have been published more recently after publications and exhibitions demonstrated what the collections contained.When asked about his collections and wealth, Khalili stated in an interview that he \"took it upon himself to buy everything that was available...I found things that belonged to a great heritage that was just sitting there unnoticed...They were displaced from history and deserved to be preserved and recognised\".", "Q4517073": "Shafik Chokin (Kazakh: \u0428\u0430\u043f\u044b\u049b \u0428\u04e9\u043a\u0456\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u0428\u04e9\u043a\u0438\u043d, Shapyq Sh\u00f3kiuly Sh\u00f3k\u0131n; Russian: \u0428\u0430\u0301\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0427\u043e\u0301\u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u043e\u0301\u043a\u0438\u043d) (1 October 1912 \u2013 4 July 2003) was a Kazakh scientist in the energy sector. He was a Doctor of Sciences, Professor, Founder of the Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Power Engineering, Deputy of The Supreme Soviet of the USSR, associate of the chairman of Soviet of the Union chamber, and President of Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences.", "Q1281480": "The Bangladesh Awami League (Bengali: \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u0986\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae\u09c0 \u09b2\u09c0\u0997, romanized: B\u0101ngl\u0101d\u0113sh Aw\u0101m\u012b L\u012bg; translated from Urdu: Bangladesh People's League), often simply called the Awami League or AL, is a major political party in Bangladesh.\nThe All Pakistan Awami Muslim League was founded in Dhaka, the capital of the Pakistani province of East Bengal, in 1949 by Bengali nationalists Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, Shawkat Ali, Yar Mohammad Khan, Shamsul Huq, and joined later Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy who went on to become Prime Minister of Pakistan. The Pakistan Awami Muslim League was established as the Bengali alternative to the domination of the Muslim League in Pakistan and over centralisation of the government. The party quickly gained massive popular support in East Bengal, later named East Pakistan, and eventually led the forces of Bengali nationalism in the struggle against West Pakistan's military and political establishment.\nThe party under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh, led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements, such as the Six Point Movement and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement, and then during the Bangladesh Liberation War.\nAfter the emergence of independent Bangladesh, the Awami League won the first general elections in 1973 but was overthrown in 1975 after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The party was forced by subsequent military regimes onto the political sidelines and many of its senior leaders and activists were executed and jailed. After the restoration of democracy in 1990, the Awami League emerged as one of the principal players of Bangladeshi politics.\nSince coming to power in 2008, the Awami League has led Bangladesh during robust GDP growth.Amongst the leaders of the Awami League, five have become the President of Bangladesh, four have become the Prime Minister of Bangladesh and one became the Prime Minister of Pakistan. The incumbent Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, has headed the party since 1981.", "Q687017": "The University of Hagen (German: FernUniversit\u00e4t in Hagen, informally often referred to as FU Hagen) is a public research university that is primarily focused on distance teaching. While its main campus is located in Hagen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, the university maintains more than 50 study and research centers in Germany and throughout Europe. According to the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, it is Germany's largest university. The university was founded in 1974 as a public research university by the state Nordrhein-Westfalen and began its research and teaching activities in 1975. It was founded following the idea of UK's Open University to provide higher and continuing education opportunities through a distance education system in Germany.\nThe university awards the same qualifications as other German on-campus universities and maintains the same high requirements. Initially, the university had only three faculties with 1,304 full and part-time students, but today the university has developed into Germany's leading institution for distance education and is the only full university in that field with a student body of 83,536 students in the summer term of 2013 and 86,889 students in the winter term 2013/14. Besides the substantial number of off-campus students, a considerable number of full-time postgraduate research students as well as more than 1,800 members of academic and research staff are based on the University of Hagen's main campus in Hagen.\nThe faculties of the University of Hagen award undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral degrees (bachelor's, master's, doctorate degrees (Ph.Ds) and enable habilitation). All the degrees awarded by the University of Hagen are equivalent to those awarded by traditional German universities and uphold rigorous academic standards. The University of Hagen is awarding degrees and is doing research in the fields of Business Administration and Economics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Law, Psychology, Cultural Sciences and Political Science. The University has produced many notable alumni in the fields of law, economics, business and politics, among them two Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners, 1 Gossen Prize laureate, at least 25 university professors and numerous members of the German parliament and the former Foreign Minister and Vice Chancellor of Germany, Guido Westerwelle.\nThe University of Hagen is a member of the European University Association (EUA), European Association of Distance Teaching Universities (EADTU) and it is accredited by ACQUIN, FIBAA (Foundation for International Business Administration Accreditation) as well as AQAS (Agentur f\u00fcr Qualit\u00e4tssicherung durch Akkreditierung von Studieng\u00e4ngen).", "Q10874": "Visual impairment, also known as vision impairment or vision loss, is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses. Some also include those who have a decreased ability to see because they do not have access to glasses or contact lenses. Visual impairment is often defined as a best corrected visual acuity of worse than either 20/40 or 20/60. The term blindness is used for complete or nearly complete vision loss. Visual impairment may cause people difficulties with normal daily activities such as driving, reading, socializing, and walking.The most common causes of visual impairment globally are uncorrected refractive errors (43%), cataracts (33%), and glaucoma (2%). Refractive errors include near-sightedness, far-sightedness, presbyopia, and astigmatism. Cataracts are the most common cause of blindness. Other disorders that may cause visual problems include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal clouding, childhood blindness, and a number of infections. Visual impairment can also be caused by problems in the brain due to stroke, premature birth, or trauma among others. These cases are known as cortical visual impairment. Screening for vision problems in children may improve future vision and educational achievement. Screening adults without symptoms is of uncertain benefit. Diagnosis is by an eye exam.The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of visual impairment is either preventable or curable with treatment. This includes cataracts, the infections river blindness and trachoma, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, uncorrected refractive errors, and some cases of childhood blindness. Many people with significant visual impairment benefit from vision rehabilitation, changes in their environment, and assistive devices.As of 2015 there were 940 million people with some degree of vision loss. 246 million had low vision and 39 million were blind. The majority of people with poor vision are in the developing world and are over the age of 50 years. Rates of visual impairment have decreased since the 1990s. Visual impairments have considerable economic costs both directly due to the cost of treatment and indirectly due to decreased ability to work.\n\n", "Q741642": "Gunnar Mathias \"Mic\" Michaeli (born 11 November 1962 in Upplands V\u00e4sby, Sweden) is a Swedish keyboardist in the Swedish rock band Europe. Like many of the other Europe members he grew up in Stockholm suburb Upplands V\u00e4sby. He joined the band for their Wings of Tomorrow tour in 1984, taking vocalist Joey Tempest's place behind the keyboards.", "Q4152914": "Angelina Konstantinovna Guskova (Russian: \u0413\u0443\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430) (29 March 1924 \u2014 7 April 2015) was a Russian neurologist, neurosurgeon and radiation protection expert. She was associated with the Soviet atomic bomb project from 1949 and thereafter established radiation protection standards and medical management guidelines after nuclear accidents, also serving on the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR).", "Q1797773": "L. C. McKinley (October 22, 1918 \u2013 January 19, 1970) was an American Chicago blues guitarist. He worked with Eddie Boyd and Ernest Cotton. A performer on the Chicago blues scene, McKinley's major output was as a session musician on recordings made mostly in the 1950s.He also released a number of singles on various record labels. His best-known tracks include \"Weeping Willow Blues\" and \"Nit Wit.\" His guitar playing was influenced by T-Bone Walker.", "Q3421200": "Raymond \"Ray\" L. Watson (October 4, 1926 - October 20, 2012) was the former president of the Irvine Company, and served as chief planner during the 1960s and 1970s. He was also chairman of Walt Disney Productions from 1983 to 1984, and served on the Disney board from 1972 until March 2004.", "Q71252": "Theodor Berkelmann (17 April 1894 \u2013 28 December 1943) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era who served as the Higher SS and Police Leader in Saarland and Moselle during World War II.", "Q1753057": "Tuff Gong is the brand name associated with a number of businesses started by Bob Marley and the Marley family. 'Tuff Gong' comes from Marley's nickname, which was in turn an echo of that given to founder of the Rastafari movement, Leonard \"The Gong\" Howell.", "Q5386": "Auto racing (also known as car racing, motor racing, or automobile racing) is a motorsport involving the racing of automobiles for competition.\nAuto racing has existed since the invention of the automobile. Races of various sorts were organised, with the first recorded as early as 1867. Many of the earliest events were effectively reliability trials, aimed at proving these new machines were a practical mode of transport, but soon became an important way for competing makers to demonstrate their machines. By the 1930s, specialist racing cars had developed.\nThere are now numerous different categories, each with different rules and regulations.", "Q1014635": "Jiaohe (Chinese: \u86df\u6cb3; pinyin: Ji\u0101oh\u00e9) is a middle-sized county-level city in east-central Jilin province, People's Republic of China, bordering Heilongjiang to the northeast. It is under the administration of Jilin City, 65 kilometres (40 mi) to the west, and it is well known for its production of tobacco. The mayor of the city is Wang Gang (\u738b\u94a2).\nThe sister city (or twin town) of Jiaohe is Folsom, California, United States.\n\n", "Q324239": "Walking and Talking is a 1996 American independent film written and directed by Nicole Holofcener and starring Catherine Keener, Anne Heche, Todd Field, Liev Schreiber and Kevin Corrigan.\nThe film is #47 on Entertainment Weekly's \"Top 50 Cult Films of All-Time\" list.The film's soundtrack includes music from Billy Bragg, Yo La Tengo, Liz Phair, and The Sea and Cake.\nThe film is notable for being the first collaboration between Holofcener and Keener and international co-production between France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Q831780": "Dezider Hoffmann (most often credited as Dezo Hoffmann or De\u017eo Hoffmann, 1912 - 1986) was a Slovak photographer, photojournalist and cameraman from Czechoslovakia. He earned international acclaim in the 1960s, shooting photographs of well known pop and showbiz personalities, such as The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Dusty Springfield, Charlie Chaplin, Sophia Loren, Marlon Brando, Marilyn Monroe, Laurence Olivier, The Kinks, The Shadows, Tom Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Frank Sinatra, Bob Marley, Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Elton John, Omar Sharif and Pink Floyd.", "Q4098": "Greifswald (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u0281a\u026afsvalt]), officially the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald (German: Universit\u00e4ts- und Hansestadt Greifswald), is a city in northeastern Germany.\nIt is situated in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, at an equal distance of about 250 kilometres (160 mi) from Germany's two largest cities, Berlin and Hamburg, and 80 km (50 mi) from the Polish border. The town belongs to Western Pomerania and flanks the Baltic Sea, and is crossed by a small river, the Ryck.\nIt is also located near Germany's two largest islands, R\u00fcgen and Usedom, and it is close to three of Germany's 14 national parks. It has been the capital of the newly established district of Vorpommern-Greifswald since the September 2011 district reforms. Together with Stralsund, Greifswald forms one of four urban centers of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.\nThe city's population was listed at 55,659 in 2013, including many of the 12,500 students and 5,000 employees of the University of Greifswald. Greifswald draws international attention due to the university, its surrounding BioCon Valley, the Nord Stream gas pipeline and the Wendelstein 7-X nuclear fusion projects.", "Q164869": "Jonathan Lajoie ( l\u0259-ZHWAH; born August 21, 1980) is a Canadian comedian, actor, rapper, singer, musician, and Internet celebrity from Montreal, Quebec. He gained fame mostly from his eponymous YouTube channel, posting comedic original songs (often as rapper characters, such as \"MC Vagina\" and \"Everyday Normal Guy\") and comedy skits. Lajoie is also known for his role as Taco MacArthur on the FXX comedy series The League. Since 2016, he has released folk music under the moniker Wolfie's Just Fine.", "Q2004176": "Gertrude Astor (born Gertrude Irene Eyster; November 9, 1887 \u2013 November 9, 1977) was an American motion picture character actress, who began her career playing trombone on a riverboat.", "Q152303": "The University of Wisconsin Law School is the professional school for the study of law at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison in Madison, Wisconsin. The law school was founded in 1868.", "Q68703": "Les Brenets is a municipality in the district of Le Locle in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q73445": "Roman Schatz (born 21 August 1960 in \u00dcberlingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, West Germany) is a German-born Finnish journalist and author. He has written more than two dozen books, many of which have also been published in Germany. His first book was called From Finland with love \u2013 Suomesta rakkaudella.\nSchatz translates, gives talks, hosts events and writes columns for Finnish newspapers and magazines. He has hosted his own TV series (Toisten TV) and appeared on various other TV shows and in movies (e.g. The Border, Better than Andy, Rottatouille). Since 2013, Schatz has hosted his own radio show, Roman Schatzin Maamme-kirja, on Yle Radio 1 Finnish Broadcasting Company.\nRoman Schatz met the Finnish woman who would later become his first wife in Berlin in 1986. Later that same year he emigrated to Finland. In 2012, Schatz became a Finnish citizen and thus holds dual citizenship.\nSchatz has three children from two former marriages. He resides in Helsinki.", "Q88191": "Karl Meixner (February 13, 1903 - December 29, 1976) was an Austrian film actor.", "Q234980": "Vera Ivanovna Zasulich (Russian: \u0412\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u0441\u0443\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0447; 8 August [O.S. 27 July] 1851 \u2013 8 May 1919) was a Russian Menshevik writer and revolutionary.", "Q64139": "Bremgarten is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It serves as seat of the district of Bremgarten. The medieval old town is listed as a heritage site of national significance. In 2013, Bremgarten was the first municipality in Europe to introduce laws forbidding asylum seekers from visiting certain public places such as libraries, swimming pools, schools and churches.On 1 January 2014 the former municipality of Hermetschwil-Staffeln merged into the municipality of Bremgarten.", "Q182452": "Gennady Andreyevich Zyuganov (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u044e\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; born 26 June 1944) is a Russian communist politician who has been the leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation since 1993. He has been Chairman of the Union of Communist Parties \u2013 Communist Party of the Soviet Union (UCP-CPSU) since 2001, a deputy in the State Duma since 1993, and a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since 1996. Zyuganov ran for President of Russia four times, most notably in 1996, when he lost in the second round to incumbent Boris Yeltsin.", "Q158148": "Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (Tatiana Nikolaevna Romanova; Russian: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430; 10 June [O.S. 29 May] 1897\u2013 17 July 1918) was the second daughter of Tsar Nicholas II, the last monarch of Russia, and of Tsarina Alexandra. She was born at the Peterhof, Saint Petersburg.\nTatiana was the younger sister of Grand Duchess Olga and the elder sister of Grand Duchess Maria, Grand Duchess Anastasia and Tsarevich Alexei. She was known amongst her siblings as \"the governess\" for her domineering but also maternal ways. Tatiana was the closest out of all the children to her mother (Tsarina Alexandra), often spending many hours reading to her. She was often thought to be the most beautiful of all her sisters, and was the most aristocratic in appearance. During World War I, she chaired many charity committees and (along with her older sister Grand Duchess Olga) trained to become a nurse. She tended to wounded soldiers on the grounds of Tsarskoye Selo from 1914 to 1917. Her time as a nurse came to an end with her family's arrest in 1917 after the first Russian Revolution.\nHer murder by communist revolutionaries on 17 July 1918 resulted in her being named as a passion bearer by the Russian Orthodox Church. Tatiana and all of her siblings were falsely rumored to have survived the assassination and dozens of impostors claimed to be surviving Romanovs. Author Michael Occleshaw speculated that a woman named Larissa Tudor might have been Tatiana; however, all of the Romanovs, including Tatiana, were killed by the Bolsheviks.", "Q106752": "H\u00fcseyin Erdem (born 1949) is a Kurdish author and screenwriter who has published several works in German, Turkish and Kurdish. He has lived in Germany since 1980 and is a language teacher of Turkish and Kurdish. In 1988 he founded the PEN Centre of Kurdish literature.", "Q436314": "Aria Summer Wallace (born November 3, 1996) is a former actress and singer-songwriter from the United States. She is best known for her guest role as Amanda \u201cMandy\u201d Valdez on the hit Nickelodeon comedy-sitcom iCarly, and also well known for her role as Roxy Hunter in the four Nickelodeon Original Movies of the same name.", "Q337523": "Ali Tufan K\u0131ra\u00e7 (born 17 June 1972) is a Turkish anatolian rock musician.", "Q184023": "Tarbes (French pronunciation: \u200b[ta\u0281b]; Gascon: Tarba) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es department in the Occitanie region of southwestern France. It is the capital of Bigorre. It has been a commune since 1790. It was known as Turba or Tarba in Roman times. Tarbes is part of the historical region of Gascony.\nFormerly of strong industrial tradition, Tarbes today tries to diversify its activities, particularly in aeronautics and high tech around the different zones of activities which are increasing. The recent development of Tarbais beans and other regional specialties also shows a willingness to develop the agri-food industry thus justifying its nickname of \"market town\". Its 42,888 inhabitants are called Tarbaises and the Tarbais.\nIt is the seat of the diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes. The 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment and 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment are stationed in Tarbes.", "Q116541": "James Schwarzenbach (August 5, 1911 \u2013 October 27, 1994) was a right-wing Swiss politician and publicist. In the 1970s he was head of the short-lived Republican Movement. He also was publisher of fascist, v\u00f6lkisch, and antisemitic literature as the owner of Thomas-Verlag. He served in the National Council from December 12, 1967 to February 28, 1979, representing the Canton of Z\u00fcrich.", "Q147068": "Funny Face is a 1957 American musical romantic comedy film directed by Stanley Donen and written by Leonard Gershe, containing assorted songs by George and Ira Gershwin. Although having the same title as the 1927 Broadway musical Funny Face by the Gershwin brothers, and featuring the same male star (Fred Astaire), the plot is totally different and only four of the songs from the stage musical are included. Alongside Astaire, the film stars Audrey Hepburn and Kay Thompson.", "Q65227": "M\u00f6riken-Wildegg is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q773828": "Cyril Lionel Robert James (4 January 1901 \u2013 31 May 1989), who sometimes wrote under the pen-name J. R. Johnson, was a Trinidadian historian, journalist and socialist. His works are influential in various theoretical, social, and historiographical contexts. His work is a staple of subaltern studies, and he figures as a pioneering and influential voice in postcolonial literature. A tireless political activist, James is the author of the 1937 work World Revolution outlining the history of the Communist International, which stirred debate in Trotskyist circles, and in 1938 he wrote on the Haitian Revolution, The Black Jacobins.Characterised by one literary critic as an \"anti-Stalinist dialectician\", James was known for his autodidactism, for his occasional playwriting and fiction \u2013 his 1936 book Minty Alley was the first novel by a black West Indian to be published in Britain \u2014 and as an avid sportsman. He is also famed as a writer on cricket, and his 1963 book, Beyond a Boundary, which he himself described as \"neither cricket reminiscences nor autobiography\", is often named as the best single book on any sport ever written.", "Q441822": "Sarah Magdalena Biasini (born 21 July 1977) is a French actress, the daughter of actress Romy Schneider and her second husband and former private secretary Daniel Biasini.", "Q262278": "Adrianne Lee Palicki (born May 6, 1983) is an American actress best known for her roles as Tyra Collette on the NBC series Friday Night Lights (2006\u20132011) and as Barbara \"Bobbi\" Morse on the ABC series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2014\u20132016). She also played supporting roles in the films Legion (2010), Red Dawn (2012), G.I. Joe: Retaliation (2013), and John Wick (2014). She currently stars as Commander Kelly Grayson in the Fox show The Orville (2017\u2013present).", "Q338176": "David Maurice Curry (born 13 June 1944) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Skipton and Ripon from 1987 to 2010.", "Q842008": "The Politburo (Russian: \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0431\u044e\u0440\u043e, IPA: [p\u0259l\u02b2\u026atb\u02b2\u028a\u02c8ro], full: Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0431\u044e\u0440\u043e \u0426\u041a \u041a\u041f\u0421\u0421, Politbyuro TsK KPSS) was the highest policy-making authority within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It was founded in October 1917, and refounded in March 1919, at the 8th Congress of the Bolshevik Party. It was known as the Presidium from 1952 to 1966. The existence of the Politburo ended in 1991 with the breakup of the Soviet Union.", "Q456386": "Louise Elizabeth Redknapp (n\u00e9e Nurding, born 4 November 1974), is an English singer, songwriter and media personality. She was a member of Eternal, an R&B girl group which debuted in 1993 with their quadruple-platinum studio album Always & Forever. In 1995, she departed from the group for a solo career, in which she released the platinum-selling albums Naked (1996), Woman in Me (1997) and Elbow Beach (2000). Redknapp has sold over 5 million records in the UK, and 15 million records worldwide.\nAside from music, Louise has presented several television shows and was a judge on the UK version of So You Think You Can Dance. She was married to the English former footballer and television pundit Jamie Redknapp.\nIn 2016, she reached the final in the fourteenth series of BBC One's Strictly Come Dancing.\nHeavy Love, her first studio album in almost 20 years, was released on 17 January 2020.", "Q130586": "George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 \u2013 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from the death of his father, King George III, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later. From 1811 until his accession, he served as regent during his father's final mental illness.\nGeorge IV was the eldest child of King George III and Queen Charlotte. He led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era. He was a patron of new forms of leisure, style and taste. He commissioned John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel Buckingham Palace, and commissioned Sir Jeffry Wyatville to rebuild Windsor Castle. George's charm and culture earned him the title \"the first gentleman of England\", but his dissolute way of life and poor relationships with his parents and his wife, Caroline of Brunswick, earned him the contempt of the people and dimmed the prestige of the monarchy. He excluded Caroline from his coronation and asked the government to introduce the unpopular Pains and Penalties Bill in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce her.\nDespite presiding over the British Empire's emergence as a global hegemon, George IV's rule was tarnished by scandal and financial extravagance. His ministers found his behaviour selfish, unreliable and irresponsible, and he was strongly influenced by favourites. Taxpayers were angry at his wasteful spending during the Napoleonic Wars. During most of George's regency and reign, Lord Liverpool controlled the government as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Liverpool's government presided over Britain's ultimate victory over Napoleon and negotiated a peace settlement with the French. After Liverpool's retirement, George IV was forced to accept Catholic emancipation despite opposing it. His only legitimate child, Princess Charlotte, predeceased him in 1817; on his death, he was succeeded by his younger brother, King William IV.", "Q3017223": "David Michael Mirra (April 4, 1974 \u2013 February 4, 2016) was an American BMX rider who later competed in rallycross racing. Mirra held the record for most X Games medals in BMX Freestyle, and medalled in every X Games from when they started in 1995 up to 2009. As a BMX rider, he was known primarily as a vert ramp and park rider. He had also competed for several years with the Subaru Rally Team USA as a rallycross driver. He rode and was sponsored by Haro Bikes from the mid 1990s until starting his own bike company. Mirra was a member of the team which won the 2014 Race Across America four-person male (under 50) category. Mirra died by suicide on February 4, 2016. He was inducted into the BMX Hall of Fame on June 11, 2016.", "Q299974": "Aleksandar Ber\u010dek (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u043a; born 4 September 1950) is a Serbian actor. He performed in more than one hundred films since 1971.", "Q86802": "Max Frauendorfer (June 14, 1909 \u2013 July 25, 1989) was a German jurist and politician, representative of the NSDAP and the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.", "Q753520": "Christian rock is a form of rock music that features lyrics focusing on matters of Christian faith, often with an emphasis on Jesus, typically performed by self-proclaimed Christian individuals. The extent to which their lyrics are explicitly Christian varies between bands. Many bands who perform Christian rock have ties to the contemporary Christian music labels, media outlets, and festivals, while other bands are independent.", "Q101983": "Erich Everth (born 3 July 187? in Berlin; died 22 June 1934 in Leipzig) was a German art historian, journalist and scientist of newspaper and cultivation. He was the first ordinary professor for Journalism in Germany and directed from 1926 to 1933 the Institute for Journalism at the University of Leipzig. Alongside Otto Groth and Emil Dovifat Everth is one of the greatest German scientists for Journalism. With the Rise to power of the Nazis 1933 he was forced to retire and died soon after in sickness and bitterness.", "Q117139": "Cameron Jibril Thomaz (born September 8, 1987), known professionally as Wiz Khalifa, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and actor. He released his debut album, Show and Prove, in 2006, and signed to Warner Bros. Records in 2007. His Eurodance-influenced single, \"Say Yeah\", received urban radio airplay, charting on the Rhythmic Top 40 and Hot Rap Tracks charts in 2008, becoming his first minor hit.Khalifa parted with Warner Bros. and released his second album, Deal or No Deal, in November 2009. He released the mixtape Kush and Orange Juice as a free download in April 2010; he then signed with Atlantic Records. He is also well known for his debut single for Atlantic, \"Black and Yellow\", which peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100. His debut album for the label, Rolling Papers, was released on March 29, 2011. He followed that album with O.N.I.F.C. on December 4, 2012, which was backed by the singles \"Work Hard, Play Hard\" and \"Remember You\". Wiz released his fifth album Blacc Hollywood on August 18, 2014, backed by the lead single \"We Dem Boyz\". In March 2015, he released \"See You Again\" for the soundtrack of the film Furious 7 and the song peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for 12 non-consecutive weeks.", "Q628838": "Masaya Nakahara (\u4e2d\u539f \u660c\u4e5f, Nakahara Masaya, born June 4, 1970), also known by his stage names Violent Onsen Geisha and Hair Stylistics, is a Japanese musician, writer and actor. He was described by Allmusic as \"one of those musical entities that defy categorization.\" He co-starred in Shinji Aoyama's 2005 film My God, My God, Why Hast Thou Forsaken Me? with Tadanobu Asano.", "Q4127435": "Russian Foreign Trade Academy, RFTA, VAVT (\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438, \u0412\u0410\u0412\u0422) is a Russian university (academy) for students of international economics, finance, management and law.", "Q131840": "Eleni is the 1985 film adaptation of the memoir Eleni by Greek-American journalist Nicholas Gage. Directed by Peter Yates with a screenplay by Steve Tesich, the film stars John Malkovich, Kate Nelligan, Linda Hunt and Glenne Headly.", "Q268033": "Rei Kawakubo (\u5ddd\u4e45\u4fdd \u73b2, Kawakubo Rei) (b. 1942) is a Japanese fashion designer based in Tokyo and Paris. She is the founder of Comme des Gar\u00e7ons and Dover Street Market. In recognition of the notable design contributions of Kawakubo, an exhibition of her designs entitled Rei Kawakubo/Commes des Gar\u00e7ons, Art of the In-Between opened on 5 May 2017 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.", "Q1984458": "Capricorn Records was an independent record label founded by Phil Walden and Frank Fenter in 1969 in Macon, Georgia. Capricorn Records is often credited by music historians as creating the southern rock genre.", "Q57295": "Ivan Ga\u0161parovi\u010d (Slovak pronunciation: [\u02c8i\u028ba\u014b \u02c8\u0261a\u0283pa\u027e\u0254\u028bit\u0283]; born 27 March 1941) is a Slovak politician and lawyer who was President of Slovakia from 2004 to 2014. He was also the first Slovak president to be re-elected.", "Q92877": "Matthew Charles Mullenweg (born January 11, 1984) is an American entrepreneur and web developer living in Houston. He is known for developing the free and open-source web software WordPress, now managed by The WordPress Foundation.\nAfter dropping out of the University of Houston, he worked at CNET Networks from 2004 to 2006 until he quit and founded Automattic, an internet company whose brands include WordPress.com, Akismet, Gravatar, VaultPress, IntenseDebate, Crowdsignal, and Tumblr.", "Q28441": "S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds (Brazilian Portuguese: [s\u0250\u0303w lu\u02c8is], Saint Louis) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Maranh\u00e3o. The city is located on Upaon-a\u00e7u Island (Big Island, in Tupi Language) or Ilha de S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds (Saint Louis' Island), in the Ba\u00eda de S\u00e3o Marcos (Saint Mark's Bay), an extension of the Atlantic Ocean which forms the estuary of Pindar\u00e9, Mearim, Itapecuru and other rivers. Its coordinates are 2.53\u00b0 south, 44.30\u00b0 west. S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds has the second largest maritime extension within Brazilian states. Its maritime extension is 640 km (397 miles). The city proper has a population of some 1,094,667 people (2018 IBGE estimate). The metropolitan area totals 1,605,305, ranked as the 15th largest in Brazil.\nS\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, created originally as Saint-Louis-de-Maragnan, is the only Brazilian state capital founded by France (see France \u00c9quinoxiale) and it is one of the three Brazilian state capitals located on islands (the others are Vit\u00f3ria and Florian\u00f3polis).\nThe city has two major sea ports: Madeira Port and Itaqui Port, through which a substantial part of Brazil's iron ore, originating from the (pre)-Amazon region, is exported. The city's main industries are metallurgical with Alumar, and Vale. S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds is home of the Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o.\nS\u00e3o Lu\u00eds was the home town of famous Brazilian samba singer Alcione, Brazilian writers Alu\u00edsio Azevedo, Ferreira Gullar and Josu\u00e9 Montello, Belgian-naturalised soccer player Lu\u00eds Oliveira, and the musician Jo\u00e3o do Vale, a M\u00fasica popular brasileira (MPB) singer.", "Q154014": "Karl Georg B\u00fcchner (17 October 1813 \u2013 19 February 1837) was a German dramatist and writer of poetry and prose, considered part of the Young Germany movement. He was also a revolutionary and the brother of physician and philosopher Ludwig B\u00fcchner. His literary achievements, though few in number, are generally held in great esteem in Germany and it is widely believed that, had it not been for his early death, he might have joined such central German literary figures as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller at the summit of their profession.", "Q237537": "Moira Kelly (born March 6, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying Kate Moseley in the 1992 film The Cutting Edge as well as single mother Karen Roe on the teen drama One Tree Hill. She is also known for playing the role of Donna Hayward in Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me, replacing Lara Flynn Boyle in the prequel to the 1990 TV series Twin Peaks. Other roles include Dorothy Day in Entertaining Angels: The Dorothy Day Story, White House media consultant Mandy Hampton in the first season of The West Wing, and the voice of Simba's love interest Nala in The Lion King and its sequels The Lion King II: Simba's Pride and The Lion King 1 1/2. She also played Hetty Kelly and Oona O'Neill in Chaplin.", "Q79168": "Herbert Tichy (1 June 1912 - 26 September 1987) was an Austrian author, geologist, journalist and climber.\nHis first ascent of Cho Oyu was on 19 October 1954, with Sepp J\u00f6chler and Pasang Dawa Lama.", "Q227724": "Pope Victor III (c. 1026 \u2013 16 September 1087), born Dauferio, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 24 May 1086 to his death. He was the successor of Pope Gregory VII, yet his pontificate is far less impressive in history than his time as Desiderius, the great abbot of Montecassino.\nHis failing health was the factor that made him so reluctant to accept his pontifical election and his health was so poor that he fell to illness during his coronation. The only literary work of his that remains is his \"Dialogues\" on the miracles performed by Saint Benedict of Nursia and other saints at Montecassino.Pope Leo XIII beatified him on 23 July 1887.", "Q4926": "Birger Kildal (15 April 1849 \u2013 13 December 1913) was a Norwegian attorney and businessman. He served as politician with the Liberal Party and was appointed District Governor in Romsdal.", "Q71534": "Hubertus Heil (born 3 November 1972) is a German politician. In 2005 he became general secretary of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In September 2009, after immense losses for the SPD during the German federal election, Heil announced his resignation from this position for November. Andrea Nahles succeeded him as general secretary in November 2009. After Katarina Barley's appointment as Federal Minister of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, he briefly returned to the office from 2 June to 8 December 2017. On 14 March 2018 Heil was appointed Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs in the fourth Merkel cabinet.", "Q97927": "Stefan Meier (November 6, 1889 in Neustadt in the Black Forest \u2013 19 September 1944 in Mauthausen concentration camp) was a German politician (SPD) who was one of the MPs who voted against the adoption of the Enabling Act which formed the legal basis for the establishment of the Nazi dictatorship.", "Q742405": "Bruce Swedien (born April 19, 1934) is an American audio engineer and music producer. He is known for his work with Quincy Jones. Swedien first came to recognition for his work in 1962 on Frankie Valli & The Four Seasons \"Big Girls Don't Cry\" for which he won a Grammy nomination.\nMinneapolis-born Swedien is a five-time Grammy Award winner. He recorded, mixed, and assisted in producing the best-selling album in the world , Thriller by Michael Jackson. He also recorded and mixed for jazz artists such as Count Basie, Art Blakey, Duke Ellington, Dizzy Gillespie, Benny Goodman, Lionel Hampton, Quincy Jones, Oscar Peterson, Herbie Hancock and Jeff Oster.", "Q704450": "Viktor Felixovich Vekselberg (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0424\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433, Ukrainian: \u0412\u0456\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0424\u0435\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433; born 14 April 1957) is a Russian businessman. He is the owner and president of Renova Group, a Russian conglomerate. According to Forbes, as of October 2019, his fortune is estimated at $11.4 billion, making him the 119th richest person in the world.Vekselberg is close to the Kremlin, overseeing projects to modernize the Russian economy. In April 2018, the United States imposed sanctions on him and 23 other Russian nationals.", "Q65569": "Santa Maria in Calanca is a municipality in the Moesa Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q957439": "Yaakov Ziv (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05d6\u05d9\u05d5\u200e; born 1931) is an Israeli electrical engineer who, along with Abraham Lempel, developed the LZ family of lossless data compression algorithms.\n\n", "Q12939": "Michel Terrot (born December 18, 1948 in Lyon) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Rh\u00f4ne department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.\n\n", "Q493794": "Dubuque (listen) is the county seat of Dubuque County, Iowa, United States, located along the Mississippi River. In 2018, the population of Dubuque was 57,941.The city lies at the junction of Iowa, Illinois, and Wisconsin, a region locally known as the Tri-State Area. It serves as the main commercial, industrial, educational, and cultural center for the area. Geographically, it is part of the Driftless Area, a portion of North America that escaped all three phases of the Wisconsinian Glaciation.\nIt is one of the few cities in Iowa with bluffs, and a tourist destination featuring the city's unique architecture and river location. It is home to five institutions of higher education, making it a center for culture and learning.\nDubuque has long been a center of manufacturing, but the economy grew rapidly and diversified to other areas in the first years of the 21st century. By 2005, the city led the state and the Midwest in job growth, ranking as the 22nd-fastest growing economy in the US. Alongside industry, the city has large health care, education, tourism, publishing, and financial service sectors.", "Q950356": "The Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois (pronounced [pa\u0281ti kebekwa]; French for '\"Quebec Party\"'; PQ) is a sovereignist and social democratic provincial political party in Quebec, Canada. The PQ advocates national sovereignty for Quebec involving independence of the province of Quebec from Canada and establishing a sovereign state. The PQ has also promoted the possibility of maintaining a loose political and economic sovereignty-association between Quebec and Canada. The party traditionally has support from the labour movement, but unlike most other social democratic parties, its ties with organized labour are informal. Members and supporters of the PQ are called p\u00e9quistes (Quebec French pronunciation: [pek\u026ast] (listen);), a French word derived from the pronunciation of the party's initials.\nThe party is an associate member of COPPPAL. The party has strong informal ties to the Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois (BQ, whose members are known as \"Bloquistes\"), the federal party that has also advocated for the secession of Quebec from Canada, but the two are not linked organizationally. As with its federal counterpart, the Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois has been supported by a wide range of voters in Quebec, from large sections of organized labour to more conservative rural voters.", "Q62206": "Egon Karl-Heinz Bahr (18 March 1922 \u2013 19 August 2015) was a German SPD politician.The former journalist was the creator of the Ostpolitik promoted by West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, for whom he served as Secretary of State in the German Chancellery from 1969 until 1972. Between 1972 and 1990 he was an MP in the Bundestag of the Federal Republic of Germany and from 1972 until 1976 was also a Minister of the Federal Government.\nBahr was a key figure in multiple negotiation sessions between not only East and West Germany, but also Germany and the Soviets. In addition to his instrumental role in Ostpolitik, Bahr was also an influential voice in negotiating the Treaty of Moscow, the Treaty of Warsaw, the Transit Treaty of 1971, and the Basic Treaty of 1972.\n\n", "Q379664": "Valentino Clemente Ludovico Garavani (Italian pronunciation: [valen\u02c8ti\u02d0no \u0261ara\u02c8va\u02d0ni]; born 11 May 1932), best known mononymously as Valentino, is an Italian fashion designer, the founder of the Valentino brand and company. His main lines include Valentino, Valentino Garavani, Valentino Roma, and R.E.D. Valentino.", "Q161087": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest is a 2006 American fantasy swashbuckler film. It is the second installment of the Pirates of the Caribbean film series and the sequel to Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003). It was directed by Gore Verbinski, written by Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio, and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. In the film, the wedding of Will Turner (Orlando Bloom) and Elizabeth Swann (Keira Knightley) is interrupted by Lord Cutler Beckett (Tom Hollander), who wants Turner to acquire the compass of Captain Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp) in a bid to find the Dead Man's Chest. Sparrow discovers his debt to Davy Jones (Bill Nighy) is due.\nTwo sequels to Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl were conceived in 2004, with Elliott and Rossio developing a story arc that would span both films. Filming took place from February to September 2005 in Palos Verdes, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Dominica, and The Bahamas, as well as on sets constructed at Walt Disney Studios. It was shot back-to-back with the third film of the series, At World's End.\nDead Man's Chest was released in the United States on July 7, 2006, and received mixed reviews, with praise for its special effects, direction, action sequences, Hans Zimmer's musical score, humor, and performances, particularly those of Depp and Nighy, but criticism for its convoluted plot and running time. The film broke several records at the time, including the opening-weekend record in the United States with $136 million, the fastest film to gross over $1 billion at the worldwide box office (63 days), the highest grossing first sequel at the worldwide box office and became the highest-grossing film of 2006 and the third highest-grossing film of all time (behind Titanic and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King). It currently ranks as the 35th highest-grossing film of all time worldwide and was the highest-grossing film distributed by Disney until it was surpassed by Toy Story 3 in 2010. The film received Academy Award nominations for Best Art Direction, Sound Editing, Sound Mixing, and won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects. Its sequel, At World's End, was released the following year.", "Q235308": "Elizabeth Bowen, CBE (; 7 June 1899 \u2013 22 February 1973) was an Irish- British novelist and short story writer, notable for her fiction about life in wartime London.", "Q118222": "Heinrich H\u00e4berlin (6 September 1868 \u2013 26 February 1947) was a Swiss politician, judge and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1920\u20131934).\nFrom 1904 he was a member of the Swiss Council of States, from 1905 member of the Grand Council of the Canton of Thurgau. For four years he presided over the FDP in the Swiss Federal Assembly. On 12 February 1920, he was elected to the Federal Council and was in charge of the Justice and Police Department from which he resigned on 30 April 1934. Twice, in 1926 and 1931, he was elected President of the Federal Council, making him the highest ranking representative of the Swiss Confederation.", "Q185473": "Robert Nicholas Giaimo (October 15, 1919 \u2013 May 24, 2006) was a Democratic US Representative from Connecticut. He co-sponsored the legislation creating the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities. He helped create the Washington Metro and sponsored legislation eliminating the loyalty oath requirement for college students applying for a federal grant.", "Q191406": "The Israel national football team (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05d1\u05d7\u05e8\u05ea \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d1\u05db\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d2\u05dc\u200e, Niv\u1e25eret Yisra'el BeChaduregel) represents Israel in international football, and is governed by the Israel Football Association (IFA).\nIsrael's national team is the direct successor of the Mandatory Palestine (Eretz Israel) national football team, which played five internationals in 1934\u20131940, and was managed by the Eretz Israel Football Association. Israel football is a part of the UEFA since 1994 as well.\nThe Israeli side qualified for their only FIFA World Cup to date in 1970.", "Q925911": "Kenneth Jesse Tobey (March 23, 1917 \u2013 December 22, 2002) was an American stage, film, and television actor, who performed in hundreds of productions during a career that spanned more than half a century, including his role as the star of the 1957-1960 Desilu Productions TV series Whirlybirds.\n\n", "Q261981": "Meera Syal (born Feroza Syal; 27 June 1961) is an English comedian, writer, playwright, singer, journalist, producer and actress. She rose to prominence as one of the team that created Goodness Gracious Me and portraying Sanjeev's grandmother, Ummi, in The Kumars at No. 42. She became one of the UK's best-known Asian personalities.\nShe was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1997 New Year Honours and in 2003 was listed in The Observer as one of the 50 funniest acts in British comedy. She was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2015 New Year Honours for services to drama and literature.", "Q51814": "Dale Adam Dye Jr. (born October 8, 1944) is an American actor, technical advisor, radio personality and writer. A decorated Marine veteran of the Vietnam War, Dye is the founder and head of Warriors, Inc., a technical advisory company specializing in portraying realistic military action in Hollywood films. Dye has also offered his expertise to television, such as the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers and The Pacific, and video games, including the Medal of Honor series.", "Q374340": "Konrad III the Old (Polish: Konrad III Stary) (c.\u20091359 \u2013 28 December 1412) was a Duke of Ole\u015bnica, Ko\u017ale, half of Bytom and half of \u015acinawa since 1377 (until 1403 with his father as co-ruler).\nHe was the only son of Konrad II the Gray, Duke of Ole\u015bnica, by his wife Agnes, daughter of Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn.", "Q944323": "Jeroen Godfried Marie (Jeroen) Brouwers (Batavia, 30 April 1940) is a Dutch journalist and writer.\n\n\t\t\nFrom 1964 to 1976 Brouwers worked as an editor at Manteau publishers in Brussels. In 1964 he made his literary debut with Het mes op de keel (The Knife to the Throat).\nHe won the Ferdinand Bordewijk Prijs in 1989 for De zondvloed, the Constantijn Huygens Prize in 1993 for his collected works, and in 1995 the Prix Femina for International works for his book Bezonken rood (Sunken Red). In 2007 he refused the Dutch Literature Prize (Prijs der Nederlandse Letteren) - the highest literary accolade in the Dutch-speaking world - because he considered the prize money of \u20ac16,000 too low for all his work.\n\n", "Q696640": "The Duchy of Pomerania (German: Herzogtum Pommern, Polish: Ksi\u0119stwo Pomorskie, 12th century \u2013 1637) was a duchy in Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, ruled by dukes of the House of Pomerania (Griffins).\nThe duchy originated from the realm of Wartislaw I, a Slavic Pomeranian duke, and was extended by the Lands of Schlawe and Stolp in 1317, the Principality of R\u00fcgen in 1325, and the Lauenburg and B\u00fctow Land in 1455. During the High Middle Ages, it also comprised the northern Neumark and Uckermark areas as well as Circipania and Mecklenburg-Strelitz.\nThe Duchy of Pomerania was established as a vassal state of Poland in 1121, which it remained until the fragmentation of Poland after the death of Polish ruler Boles\u0142aw III Wrymouth in 1138. Afterwards the Dukes of Pomerania were independent, and later were vassals of the Duchy of Saxony from 1164 to 1181, of the Holy Roman Empire from 1181 to 1185, of Denmark from 1185 to 1227 and the Holy Roman Empire again from 1227 to 1806 (including periods of vassalage to the Margraves of Brandenburg). Most of the time, the duchy was ruled by several Griffin dukes in common, resulting in various internal partitions. After the last Griffin duke had died during the Thirty Years' War in 1637, the duchy was partitioned between Brandenburg-Prussia and Sweden. The Kings of Sweden and the Margraves of Brandenburg, later Kings of Prussia, became members as Dukes of Pomerania in the List of Reichstag participants.\nThe name Pomerania comes from Slavic po more, which means Land by the Sea.", "Q3262638": "Louis Marlio (February 3, 1878 \u2013 November 26, 1952) was a French economist.", "Q115706": "Edmond Leboeuf (5 December 1809 \u2013 7 June 1888) was a marshal of France. He joined the French army as an artillery officer. He fought in Algeria, the Crimean War (1853\u20131856) and the Italian War of 1859. In 1869 he became minister of war and in the spring of the next year was promoted to Marshal of France. He fought in the Franco-Prussian War (1870) being taken prisoner when Metz garrison surrendered to the Prussians. On his return to France, after the end of hostilities, he gave evidence to a commission into the surrender of Metz, and then retired into private life.\n\n", "Q261759": "Real Steel is a 2011 American science-fiction sports film starring Hugh Jackman and Dakota Goyo and co-produced and directed by Shawn Levy for DreamWorks Pictures. The film is based on the short story \"Steel\", written by Richard Matheson, which was originally published in the May 1956 edition of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, and later adapted into a 1963 Twilight Zone episode. Real Steel was in development for several years before production began on June 24, 2010. Filming took place primarily in the U.S. state of Michigan. Animatronic robots were built for the film, and motion capture technology was used to depict the rodeo brawling of computer-generated robots and animatronics.\nReal Steel was released by Touchstone Pictures in Australia on October 6, 2011, and by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in the United States and Canada on October 7, 2011, grossing nearly $300 million at the box office. It received mixed reviews, with criticism for the formulaic nature of the plot and the fact that elements remained unresolved or were predictable, but also praise for the visual effects, action sequences and acting performances. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects at the 84th Academy Awards, but lost to Hugo.", "Q230516": "Radha Rani Amber Indigo Ananda Mitchell (born 1973) is an Australian actress. She started her career acting in various Australian television series and films, and later appeared in Hollywood films such as High Art (1998), Pitch Black (2000), Phone Booth (2002), Man on Fire (2004), Finding Neverland (2004), Melinda and Melinda (2004), Silent Hill (2006) and The Crazies (2010).", "Q69435": "Fritz Bracht (18 January 1899 in Heiden, part of Lage near Detmold \u2013 9 May 1945 in Bad Kudowa, now Kudowa Zdr\u00f3j, Poland) was the Nazi Gauleiter of Upper Silesia.\n\n", "Q58830": "Wilhelm Filchner (13 September 1877 \u2013 7 May 1957) was a German army officer, scientist and explorer. He conducted several surveys and scientific investigations in China, Tibet and surrounding regions, and led the Second German Antarctic Expedition, 1911\u201313.\nAs a young military officer, Filchner gained an early reputation for dash and daring, following his travel exploits in Russia and the Pamir Mountains range. After further technical studies, he developed expertise in geography and geophysics, before leading a major scientific survey in Tibet and western China in 1903\u201305. In 1909 he was appointed to organise and lead the forthcoming German expedition to the Antarctic, with both scientific and geographical objectives involving extensive exploration of the continent's interior. During the expedition his ship became trapped in the Weddell Sea ice, drifting for eight months and preventing Filchner from establishing a land base, thus failing in its main objective. Although important scientific results were obtained, the expedition was disrupted by serious interpersonal disagreements and lasting animosities, which harmed Filchner's reputation as a leader and ended his polar career. \nAfter service in the First World War he resumed his travels in Asia. He conducted two lengthy single-handed magnetic surveys in China and Tibet, often in difficult and sometimes dangerous conditions, and was continuing this work when the Second World War began, leaving him stranded in India. After years of internment, he returned to Europe and retired to Z\u00fcrich, where he died in 1957. During his lifetime he received numerous honours, including the German National Prize for Art and Science in 1937, and several honorary doctorates. He is also commemorated in the Antarctic, where a number of geographical features bear his name.\n\n", "Q3318180": "The Moderates or Moderate Republicans (French: R\u00e9publicains mod\u00e9r\u00e9s), pejoratively labeled Opportunist Republicans (French: R\u00e9publicains opportunistes), were a French political group active in the late 19th century during the Third French Republic. The leaders of the group included Adolphe Thiers, Jules Ferry, Jules Gr\u00e9vy, Henri Wallon and Ren\u00e9 Waldeck-Rousseau.\nAlthough they were considered leftist at the time, the Opportunists progressively evolved into a centre-right, law and order and vaguely anti-labour political party. During their existence, the Moderate Republicans were present in the French Parliament first under the name of Republican Left (French: Gauche r\u00e9publicaine) and after a fusion with radical republicans as the Democratic Union (French: Union d\u00e9mocratique).\nThey were further divided into the National Republican Association (French: Association nationale r\u00e9publicaine) and the Liberal Republican Union (French: Union lib\u00e9rale r\u00e9publicaine) in 1888 and 1889, respectively.", "Q3369779": "Patrick Pichette is a Canadian businessperson. He was senior vice president and chief financial officer of Google Inc from 2008 until 2015. He is listed as a director and board member for Bombardier Inc. and the Trudeau Foundation. He is now a general partner at the venture capital fund Inovia Capital.", "Q105273": "Gerhart Eisler (20 February 1897 \u2013 21 March 1968) was a German politician. Along with his sister Ruth Fischer, he was a very early member of the Austrian German Communist Party (KPD\u00d6) and then a prominent member of the Communist Party of Germany during the Weimar Republic.", "Q604444": "The University of Pretoria (Afrikaans: Universiteit van Pretoria, Northern Sotho: Yunibesithi ya Pretoria) is a multi-campus public research university in Pretoria, the administrative and de facto capital of South Africa. The university was established in 1908 as the Pretoria campus of the Johannesburg-based Transvaal University College and is the fourth South African institution in continuous operation to be awarded university status. The university has grown from the original 32 students in a single late Victorian house to approximately 49,000 in 2015. The University was built on 7 suburban campuses on 1,120 hectares (2,800 acres).The University is organised into nine faculties and a business school. Established in 1920, the University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science is the second oldest veterinary school in Africa and the only veterinary school in South Africa. In 1949, the university launched the first MBA programme outside North America and the university's Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) has consistently been ranked the top business school in Africa for executive education, as well as being placed in the top 50 in the world. In 2012, the Financial Times ranked the GIBS Executive MBA 1st in Africa and 60th in the world.Since 1997, the university has produced more research outputs every year than any other institution of higher learning in South Africa, as measured by the Department of Education's accreditation benchmark. In 2008, the university awarded 15.8% of all masters and doctorate degrees in South Africa, the highest percentage in the country.The university is commonly referred to as UP, Tuks, or Tukkies and in post-nominals the university is typically abbreviated as Pret or UP, although Pretoria is also used in official publications.\n\n", "Q10690": "Cardiff (Welsh: Caerdydd [kair\u02c8di\u02d0\u00f0, ka\u02d0\u0268r\u02c8d\u0268\u02d0\u00f0] (listen)) the capital and largest city of Wales, is the United Kingdom's eleventh-largest city. It is Wales' chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural institutions and Welsh media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. At the 2011 census, the unitary authority area population was estimated to be 346,090, and the wider urban area 479,000. Cardiff is a significant tourist centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 21.3 million visitors in 2017. In 2011, Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographic's alternative tourist destinations.Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan, and in 1974, South Glamorgan. Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities. A small town until the early 19th century, its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city. In 1905, Cardiff was made a city and proclaimed the capital of Wales in 1955. In the 2011 Census, the population was 346,090. The Cardiff Built-up Area covers a slightly larger area outside the county boundary and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth.\nSince the 1980s, Cardiff has seen significant development. A new waterfront area at Cardiff Bay contains the Senedd building, home to the Welsh Assembly and the Wales Millennium Centre arts complex. Current developments include the continuation of the redevelopment of the Cardiff Bay and city centre areas with projects such as the Cardiff International Sports Village, the BBC drama village, and a new business district in the city centre.\nSporting venues in the city include the Principality Stadium\u2014the national stadium and the home of the Wales national rugby union team\u2014Sophia Gardens (the home of Glamorgan County Cricket Club), Cardiff City Stadium (the home of Cardiff City football team and the Wales football team), Cardiff International Sports Stadium (the home of Cardiff Amateur Athletic Club), Cardiff Arms Park (the home of Cardiff Blues and Cardiff RFC rugby union teams) and Ice Arena Wales (the home of Cardiff Devils ice hockey team). The city hosted the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games. Cardiff was awarded European City of Sport due to its role in hosting major international sporting events in 2009 and again in 2014. The Principality Stadium hosted 11 football matches as part of the 2012 Summer Olympics, including the games' opening event and the men's bronze medal match.", "Q3907": "Delmenhorst ([\u02c8d\u025blm\u0259n\u02cch\u0254\u0281st]) is an urban district (Kreisfreie Stadt) in Lower Saxony, Germany. It has a population of 74,500 and is located 10 kilometres (6 miles) west of downtown Bremen with which it forms a contiguous urban area, whereas the city of Oldenburg is 25 kilometres (16 miles) to the northwest. The city has a total area of 62.36 square kilometres (24.08 square miles); and a population density of approx. 1200 inhabitants per km\u00b2.\nSince 2014 the mayor has been Axel Jahnz (SPD).", "Q7653483": "Swan Point Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery located in Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Established in 1846 on a 60-acre (0.24 km\u00b2) plot of land, it has approximately 40,000 interments.", "Q497294": "Lepidopterology (from Ancient Greek \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 (scale) and \u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd (wing); and -\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 -logia.), is a branch of entomology concerning the scientific study of moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies. Someone who studies in this field is a lepidopterist or, archaically, an aurelian.\n\n", "Q78538": "Viktor Klima (born 4 June 1947) is an Austrian Social Democrat politician and businessman. He was chancellor of Austria from 1997 to 2000.", "Q231608": "Victoria de los \u00c1ngeles (1 November 1923 \u2013 15 January 2005) was a Spanish operatic lyric soprano and recitalist whose career began after the Second World War and reached its height in the years from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s.", "Q709612": "Martin Francis Lamble (28 August 1949 \u2013 12 May 1969) was the drummer for British folk rock band, Fairport Convention, from just after their formation in 1967, until his death in the band's van crash in 1969. He joined the band after attending their first gig and convincing them that he could do a better job than their current drummer, Shaun Frater.\nThe eldest of three brothers, Martin was educated at Priestmead primary school, Kenton, and later at University College School, Hampstead.\nHe played on the band's first three albums, but shortly after recording Unhalfbricking on 12 May 1969, Fairport's van crashed on the M1 motorway, near Scratchwood Services, on the way home from a gig at Mothers. Lamble was killed outright in this accident at the age of 19.He also played on Al Stewart's album Love Chronicles, released in September 1969.", "Q877925": "Queen's University Belfast (informally Queen's or QUB) is a public research university in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The university received its charter in 1845 as \"Queen's College, Belfast\" and opened four years later.\nQueen's University Belfast is ranked in the top 173 universities in the world (QS World Rankings 2020), with the second highest ranking on the island of Ireland.\nQueen's offers academic degrees at various levels and across a broad subject range, with more than 300 degree programmes available. The current president and vice-chancellor is Ian Greer. The annual income of the institution for 2017\u201318 was \u00a3369.2 million of which \u00a391.7 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3338.4 million.Queen's is a member of the Russell Group of leading research intensive universities, the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association, Universities UK and Universities Ireland. The university is associated with two Nobel laureates and one Turing Award laureate.", "Q95856": "Max Andreas Blunck (20 December 1871 \u2013 12 April 1933) was a German politician of the liberal German Democratic Party (DDP). He served as Minister of Justice in the government of Hermann M\u00fcller from March to June 1920.", "Q561516": "Mpilo Walter Benson Rubusana (21 March 1858 - 19 April 1936) was the co-founder of the Xhosa language newspaper publication, Izwi Labantu, funded by Cecil John Rhodes, and the first Black person to be elected to the Cape Council (Parliament) in 1909. He also initiated the Native Education Association that contributed towards the formation of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) in 1912 and later renamed the African National Congress in 1923.", "Q67418": "Graf Ernst Friedrich Herbert zu M\u00fcnster (born March 1, 1766 Osnabr\u00fcck - died May 20, 1839 Hanover) was a German statesman, politician and minister in the service of the House of Hanover.", "Q232301": "Roseanne Cherrie Barr (born November 3, 1952) is an American actress, comedian, writer, producer, and politician. Barr began her career in stand-up comedy before gaining acclaim in the television sitcom Roseanne (1988\u20131997; 2018). She won an Emmy and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for her work on the show.\nBarr became a stand-up comedian in 1980. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, she gained fame through her role in Roseanne and other performances. Barr sparked controversy when performing \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" at a nationally aired baseball game on July 25, 1990. After singing the anthem in what many perceived to be a deliberately disrespectful manner, Barr grabbed her groin and spat. This performance was met with condemnation from baseball fans and sportswriters, and was called \"disgraceful\" by then-President George H. W. Bush.Barr has been active and outspoken on political issues. She won nearly 70,000 votes for president in the general election of 2012, as the presidential nominee of the left-wing Peace and Freedom Party. After Donald Trump announced his candidacy for president in 2015, Kelly Weill of The Daily Beast wrote that Barr \"veered right\" in her politics. After Roseanne was revived, Trump called her to congratulate her on her show's ratings and thank her for her support. She has frequently defended her support of Trump, and has been criticized for her personal attacks, conspiracy theories, and promotion of fake news.Roseanne was revived in 2018 on ABC. A ratings success, it was renewed for an additional season, but was canceled after Barr made a controversial tweet condemned as racist by many commentators. Barr referred to the tweet as a \"bad joke\".", "Q329735": "Andr\u00e9s Mata (10 November 1870 \u2013 18 November 1931) was a Venezuelan poet, writer and journalist. He is considered a poet of modernist trend, who did not resign to Romanticism completely.", "Q119882": "PalaLottomatica, formerly known as Palazzo dello Sport or PalaEUR, is a multi-purpose sports and entertainment arena in Rome, Italy. It is located in the heart of the well known modern EUR complex. The arena hosted the 1960 Olympic basketball tournaments.The venue features 8 meetings points, a restaurant for 300 people, and a 2,700 square metre (3,229 sq. yard) outdoor terrace. It has a seating capacity of 11,200 spectators for basketball games. The PalaLottomatica Rome, together with Mediolanum Forum of Milan, is a member of the European Arenas Association (EAA).", "Q12087": "Austreg\u00e9silo de Athayde (September 25, 1898 \u2013 September 13, 1993, age 94) was a writer and journalist born in Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil. His career includes being invited by Assis Chateaubriand to work at a top position at the Di\u00e1rios Associados. Later he became an emblematic figure for the Academia Brasileira de Letras as he served as President of the organization for 34 years.\nHe was active in human rights causes in Brazil. Austreg\u00e9silo de Athayde died on September 13, 1993 in Rio de Janeiro at age 94.", "Q1019339": "M\u011bsto Albrechtice (German: Olbersdorf) is a town in the Moravian part of the Czech Republic. It is the largest municipality in the Osobla\u017esko microregion and also the entrance gateway to it. It has a population of around 3,500 inhabitants.", "Q376231": "Stanislav Yuryevich Markelov (Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432 \u042e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432; 20 May 1974 \u2013 19 January 2009) was a Russian human rights lawyer. He participated in a number of publicized cases, including those of left-wing political activists and antifascists persecuted since the 1990s, as well as those of victims of police violence, journalists, etc.\nInter alia, Markelov had been the attorney for the family of Elza Kungaeva, a young Chechen woman killed by Russian colonel Yuri Budanov, who was released from prison in mid-January, 15 months before his original sentence was to end.\nMarkelov was murdered on 19 January 2009 in Moscow.", "Q9594": "Dorit Aharonov (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05d1\u200e; born 1970) is an Israeli computer scientist specializing in quantum computing.\nAharonov graduated from Weizmann Institute of Science with an MSc in Physics. She received her doctorate for Computer Science in 1999 from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and her thesis was entitled \"Noisy Quantum Computation\". She also did her post-doctorate in the mathematics department of Princeton University and in the computer science department of University of California Berkeley. She was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1998\u201399.Aharonov was an invited speaker in International Congress of Mathematicians 2010, Hyderabad on the topic of \"Mathematical Aspects of Computer Science\".", "Q742363": "J\u00e1nos Csonka (1852 in Szeged \u2013 1939 in Budapest) was a Hungarian engineer, the co-inventor of the carburetor for the stationary engine with Don\u00e1t B\u00e1nki, patented on 13 February 1893.", "Q101015": "Bruno Goetz (6 November 1885 in Riga \u2013 19 March 1954 in Zurich) was a German-Baltic poet, writer and translator.\nGoetz composed two novels. His first novel, Das Reich ohne Raum (The Kingdom without Space), consisted mainly of dream scenes. The protagonist, a wanderer in heroic dress who calls young people to follow him, is recognizable as the wanderer and poet Gusto Gras of Monte Verit\u00e0. The work was discussed by Carl Jung in his seminars, and written about by Marie-Louise von Franz.", "Q193577": "Kramer vs. Kramer is a 1979 American legal drama film written and directed by Robert Benton, based on Avery Corman's novel. The film stars Dustin Hoffman, Meryl Streep, Jane Alexander and Justin Henry.\nIt tells the story of a couple's divorce, its impact on their young son, and the subsequent evolution of their relationship and views on parenting. \nThe film explores the psychology and fallout of divorce and touches upon prevailing or emerging social issues such as gender roles, women's rights, fathers' rights, work\u2013life balance, and single parents.\nKramer vs. Kramer was theatrically released on December 19, 1979, by Columbia Pictures. It was a major critical and commercial success, grossing $106.3 million on an $8 million budget, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1979 and receiving a leading nine Oscar nominations at the 52nd Academy Awards, winning five: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor (for Hoffman), Best Supporting Actress (for Streep), and Best Adapted Screenplay.\n\n", "Q470369": "Kol\u00edn (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8koli\u02d0n]; German: Kolin, K\u00f6llein, Collin) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic some 55 kilometers (34 mi) east from Prague, lying on the Elbe River.", "Q72773": "Karl Fiehler (31 August 1895 \u2013 8 December 1969) was a German Nazi Party (NSDAP) official and Mayor of Munich from 1933 until 1945. He was an early member of the Nazi Party having joined in 1920. In 1935, he became a Reichsleiter in the party and was a member of the Reichstag. In March of 1933, he was appointed Mayor of Munich and held that post until the end of World War II in Europe. During his time as mayor, Fiehler was zealously anti-Semitic and saw to it that the Jewish population of the city was persecuted. After the war in January 1949, Fiehler was sentenced to two years in a labour camp, but the sentence was suspended given the previous three and a half years of detention he had already served.", "Q2095121": "\u00c9mile Dewoitine (26 September 1892 \u2013 5 July 1979) was a French aviation industrialist.", "Q886076": "Jay Johnson Morrow (February 20, 1870 \u2013 April 16, 1937) was Chief Engineer of the United States First Army and as Deputy Chief Engineer of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I and Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1921 to 1924.\n\n", "Q495497": "The Deutsche Reichspartei (DRP, German Reich Party, German Imperial Party or German Empire Party) was a nationalist political party in West Germany. It was founded in 1950 from the German Right Party (German: Deutsche Rechtspartei), which had been set up in Lower Saxony in 1946 and had five members in the first Bundestag.", "Q74316": "Heinrich Leo (17 March 1799 \u2013 24 April 1878) was a Prussian historian born in Rudolstadt, his father being chaplain to the garrison there.\nHis family was not of Italian origin, as he himself was inclined to believe on the strength of family tradition, but established in Lower Saxony as early as the 10th century. The taste for historical study was early instilled into him by the eminent philologist Karl Wilhelm G\u00f6ttling (1793 - 1869), who in 1816 became a master at the Rudolstadt gymnasium.\nFrom 1816 to 1819 Leo studied at the universities of Breslau, Jena and G\u00f6ttingen, devoting himself to history, philology and theology. At this time the universities were still agitated by the Liberal and patriotic aspirations aroused by the War of Liberation; at Breslau Leo fell under the influence of Jahn, and joined the political gymnastic association (Turnverein); at Jena he attached himself to the radical wing of the students association, the so-called Black Band, under the leadership of Karl Follen. The murder of August von Kotzebue by Karl Sand, however, shocked him out of his revolutionary views, and from this time he tended, under the influence of the writings of Hamann and Herder, more and more in the direction of conservatism and romanticism. He ended, in a mood almost of pessimism, by attaching himself to the extreme right wing of the forces of reaction.\nSo early as April 1819, at G\u00f6ttingen, he had fallen under the influence of Karl Ludwig von Haller's Handbuch der allgemeinen Staatenkunde (1808), a textbook of the counter-revolution. On 11 May 1820 he took his doctor's degree; in the same year he qualified as Privatdozent at the University of Erlangen. For this latter purpose he had chosen as his thesis the constitution of the free Lombard Cities in the Middle Ages, the province in which he was destined to do most for the scientific study of history. His interest in it was greatly stimulated by a journey to Italy in 1823; In 1824 he returned to the subject, and, as the result, published in five volumes a history of the Italian states (1829-1832). Meanwhile, he had been established (1822-1827) as Dozent in Berlin, where he came in contact with leaders of German thought and was somewhat spoiled by the attentions of society. Here, too, it was that Hegel's philosophy of history made a deep impression upon him. It was at Halle, however, where he remained for forty years, that he acquired his fame as an academical teacher.\nIn addition to his lecturing, Leo found time for much literary and political work. As a critic of independent Views he won the approval of Goethe; on the other hand, he fell into violent controversy with Ranke about questions connected with Italian history. Up to the revolutionary year 1830 his religious views had remained strongly tinged with rationalism, Hegel remaining his guide in religion as in practical politics and the treatment of history.\nIt was not until 1838 that Leo's polemical work Die Hegelingen proclaimed his breach with the radical developments of the philosopher's later disciples; a breach which developed into opposition to the philosopher himself. Under the impression of the July revolution in Paris and of the orthodox and pietistic influences at Halle, Leo's political convictions were henceforth dominated by reactionary principles.\nAs a friend of the Prussian Camarilla and of King Frederick William IV of Prussia, he collaborated especially in the high conservative Politisches Wochenblatt, which first appeared in 1831, as well as in the Evangelische Kirchenzeitung, the Kreuzzeitung and the Volksblatt f\u00fcr Stadt und Land. In all this his critics scented an inclination towards Catholicism; and Leo did actually glorify the counter-Reformation, e.g. in his History of the Netherlands (2 vols. 1832-1835). His other historical works also, notably his Universal Geschichte (6 vols., 1835-1844), display a very onesided point of view. When, however, in connection with the quarrel about the archbishopric of Cologne (1837), political Catholicism raised its head, Leo turned against it with extreme violence in his open letter (1838) to Goerres, its foremost champion. On the other hand, he took a lively part in the politico-religious controversies within the fold of Prussian Protestantism. Later in life he became much less extreme in his religious and political views and participated in the Ut Omnes Unum movement started by Julie von Massow, which aimed at the unification of Protestantism and Catholicism.During the last year of his life his mind suffered rapid decay, of which signs had been apparent so early as 1868. He died at Halle on 24 April 1878. In addition to the works already mentioned, he left behind an account of his early life; Meine Jugendzeit.", "Q1048604": "The pilot episode of the American dramedy-mystery series Desperate Housewives premiered on October 3, 2004, on the ABC network. It was written by series creator Marc Cherry and directed by Charles McDougall. The pilot introduces the residents of the suburban neighborhood of Wisteria Lane. Following the suicide of an outwardly successful neighbor, her friends begin to deal with the problems in their personal lives. Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher) competes for the attention of a new plumber who has moved across the street; Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross) struggles with her failing marriage and ungrateful family; Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria) continues an affair with her sixteen-year-old gardener; and Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman) copes with life as a stay-at-home mother of four.\nCherry conceived the idea for the series while watching coverage of the Andrea Yates murder trials, and was fascinated by how women lead lives of quiet desperation. He began writing the script in 2002 and pitched it to several networks throughout the following year. In October 2003, ABC announced that it had picked up the pilot. Casting began in February 2004 and filming took place the following month primarily on the Colonial Street backlot set at Universal Studios. According to Nielsen ratings, the episode was watched by 21.6 million viewers on its original American broadcast, becoming the most-watched program of the week. The pilot received extremely positive reviews, with critics complimenting the series' tonal diversity. The cast, particularly the four leads and Sheridan, also received praise. The episode won various awards, including three Emmys.", "Q317817": "Lloyd Vernet Bridges Jr. (January 15, 1913 \u2013 March 10, 1998) was an American film, stage and television actor who starred in a number of television series and appeared in more than 150 feature films. He was the father of four children, including the actors Beau Bridges and Jeff Bridges.\nHe started his career as a contract performer for Columbia Pictures, appearing in films such as Sahara (1943), A Walk in the Sun (1945), Little Big Horn (1951) and High Noon (1952). On television, he starred in Sea Hunt from 1958 to 1961. By the end of his career, he had re-invented himself and demonstrated a comedic talent in such parody films as Airplane! (1980), Hot Shots! (1991), and Jane Austen's Mafia! (1998).\nAmong other honors, Bridges was a two-time Emmy Award nominee. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 1, 1994.", "Q128493": "Machete is a 2010 American exploitation action film written and directed by Robert Rodriguez and Ethan Maniquis. Based on the eponymous character from the Spy Kids franchise, the film is an expansion of a fake trailer of the same name published as a part of the promotion of Rodriguez's and Quentin Tarantino's 2007 Grindhouse double-feature. Machete continues the B movie and exploitation style of Grindhouse, and includes some of the footage from the original.The film stars Danny Trejo reprising the title role from the Spy Kids series and the fake trailer, and co-stars Robert De Niro, Jessica Alba, Don Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Steven Seagal, Lindsay Lohan, Cheech Marin and Jeff Fahey. This was Trejo's first lead role as the character, and Seagal's first theatrically released film since 2002's Half Past Dead. Machete was released in the United States by 20th Century Fox and Rodriguez's company, Troublemaker Studios, on September 3, 2010. A sequel, Machete Kills, directed by Rodriguez alone, was released on October 11, 2013.", "Q1332676": "William Joseph Schallert (July 6, 1922 \u2013 May 8, 2016) was an American character actor who appeared in dozens of television shows and movies over a career that spanned almost 60 years.", "Q9580": "Burgos (UK: BOOR-goss, US: BOOR-gohss, Spanish: [\u02c8bu\u027e\u0263os]) is a city of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and Le\u00f3n. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Burgos.\nIt is situated in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, on the confluence of the Arlanz\u00f3n river tributaries, at the edge of the central plateau. The municipality has a population of about 180,000 inhabitants. It forms part of the Camino de Santiago.\nFounded in 884 by Diego Rodr\u00edguez Porcelos, Burgos soon became the leading city of the embryonic County of Castile. 11th century chieftain Rodrigo D\u00edaz de Vivar (El Cid) is connected to the city, as he was born near Burgos and was raised and educated there. In a long-lasting decline since the 17th century, following the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, Burgos became the headquarters of the Francoist proto-government. Declared in 1964 as Pole of Industrial Promotion and in 1969 as Pole of Industrial Development, the city has grown since then in terms of economic activity. At the regional level, Burgos forms part of an economic axis together with the cities of Valladolid and Palencia. In 2008, the international Burgos Airport started to offer commercial flights.\nThe Museum of Human Evolution opened here in 2010. The museum features remains of the first hominins in Europe, which lived in this area 750,000-800,000 years ago. The Cathedral of Burgos is a World Heritage Site. Burgos was selected as the \"Spanish Gastronomy Capital\" of 2013. In 2015 it was named \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO and has been part of the Creative Cities Network since then.", "Q366036": "Manuel I Megas Komnenos (Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ae\u03bb \u0391\u0384 \u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, Manou\u0113l I Megas Komn\u0113nos) (died March 1263) was an Emperor of Trebizond, from 1238 until his death. At the time Manuel reigned, the Empire of Trebizond comprised a band of territory stretching along the southern coast of the Black Sea. Although Michael Panaretos, a 14th-century Trapezuntine chronicler, calls Manuel \"the greatest general and the most fortunate\" and states he ruled \"virtuously in the eyes of God\", the only event he documents for Manuel's reign is a catastrophic fire striking the city of Trebizond in January 1253. The major events of his reign are known from external sources, most important of which is the recovery of Sinope in 1254, which had been lost to the Sultanate of Rum forty years before.", "Q3490187": "Habib (Habibollah) Elghanian (Persian: \u062d\u0628\u06cc\u0628 (\u062d\u0628\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200e, 5 April 1912 \u2013 9 May 1979) was a prominent Iranian Jewish businessman and philanthropist who served as the president of the Tehran Jewish Society and acted as the symbolic head of the Iranian Jewish community in the 1970s.\nHe was arrested and sentenced to death by the Islamic Revolutionary Court\nand he was the first Jewish businessman to be executed by the new Islamist regime.", "Q1388498": "Jack Gilbert Renner, better known for his stage name Ricky Ren\u00e9e (Indianapolis, 3 September 1929 - Nuremberg, 29 October 2017 ) was an American actor and travesti performer.", "Q69421": "Gerlind Cornell Borchers (16 March 1925 \u2013 12 May 2014) was a German actress and singer, active in the late 1940s and 1950s. She is best remembered for her roles opposite Montgomery Clift in The Big Lift (1950) and Errol Flynn and Nat King Cole in Istanbul (1957). She was noted for her resemblance to Ingrid Bergman, though fairer in coloring.", "Q1684727": "Jean-Christophe Mitterrand (born 19 December 1946) is the son of former French president Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand. He was an advisor to his father on African affairs from 1986 to 1992, and earned the nickname Papamadit (which translates as \"Papa-told-me\") in Africa.", "Q187516": "Zell Bryan Miller (February 24, 1932 \u2013 March 23, 2018) was an American author and politician from the U.S. state of Georgia. A Democrat, Miller served as lieutenant governor from 1975 to 1991, 79th Governor of Georgia from 1991 to 1999, and as U.S. Senator from 2000 to 2005.\nMiller was a conservative Democrat as a senator in the 2000s, after having been more liberal as governor in the 1990s. In 2004, he supported Republican President George W. Bush against Democratic nominee John Kerry in the presidential election. Miller was a keynote speaker at both major American political parties' national conventions\u2014Democratic in 1992 and Republican in 2004.\nHe did not seek re-election to the Senate in 2004. After retiring from the Senate, he joined the law firm McKenna Long & Aldridge as a non-lawyer professional in the firm's national government affairs practice. Miller was also a Fox News contributor.", "Q2482872": "Universal Records was a record label owned by Universal Music Group and operated as part of the Universal Motown Republic Group. The label has been dormant since 2005, due to Universal Motown and Universal Republic Records being formed and taking all of the artists from it. Those labels were eventually combined to form the latest iteration of Republic Records.", "Q38108": "Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, duos, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic Games, when it was contested at the 1908 Olympics in London. The four Olympic disciplines are men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating, Theater on Ice, and four skating. From intermediate through senior-level competition, skaters generally perform two programs (short and free skate), which may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals, and other elements or moves, depending on the discipline.\nThe blade of a figure skate has a groove on the bottom creating two distinct edges: inside and outside. Judges prefer that skaters glide on one edge of the blade and not on both at the same time, which is referred to as a \"flat edge\". Skates used in singles and pair skating have a set of large, jagged teeth called a \"toe pick\" on the front of each blade. The toe picks are mainly used to help launch the skater into the air for the take-off when performing jumps. Ice dance blades have smaller toe picks than blades used for the other disciplines. During a spin, skaters use the \"sweet spot\" of the blade, formally called a rocker, which is the roundest portion of the blade, just behind the toe pick and near the middle of the blade.\nFigure skaters compete at various levels from beginner up to the Olympic level (senior) at local, regional, sectional, national, and international competitions. The International Skating Union (ISU) regulates international figure skating judging and competitions. These include the Winter Olympics, the World Championships, the World Junior Championships, the European Championships, the Four Continents Championships, the Grand Prix series (senior and junior), and the ISU Challenger Series.\nThe sport is also associated with show business. Major competitions generally conclude with exhibition galas, in which the top skaters from each discipline perform non-competitive programs. Many skaters, both during and after their competitive careers, also skate in ice shows, which run during the competitive season and the off-season.", "Q105267": "Carl-Hans Graf von Hardenberg (October 22, 1891 \u2013 October 24, 1958) was a German politician and landowner.\nCarl-Hans Graf von Hardenberg was born in Glogau Silesia, Germany (now G\u0142og\u00f3w, Lower Silesian Voivodeship). He was part of the nobility of Lower Saxony; the knights von Hardenberg own Hardenberg Castle at N\u00f6rten-Hardenberg since 1287 and were later created barons and, in 1778, counts (Graf). \nCarl-Hans Graf von Hardenberg entered the German army. In 1914 he married Renate von der Schulenburg. He was wounded several times during World War I. In 1921, having reached the rank of major, he gave up his military commission and settled at his mansion in Neuhardenberg. Besides his farming, he was active in communal politics, engaged in administration of the district of Lebus in the province of Brandenburg, and was active in the Protestant noblemen's Order of Saint John. When the National Socialist Party came to power in 1933, Hardenberg refused to join any of the party-sponsored organizations and was removed from all his positions.\nIn 1939 he was called for military duty as major in the military reserve force. In 1940 he was assigned to Army Group B where he met Major General Henning von Tresckow and became involved in the resistance against Hitler. In 1942 he was transferred to Berlin where he came into contact with colonel Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg and began organizing for the plot for the assassination of Hitler. Many of the meetings of the conspirators took place at the Neuhardenberg mansion, which was located at 70 km from Berlin and was not under police supervision. Had the coup d'\u00e9tat succeeded according to the initial plan, Hardenberg would have taken the position of prime minister of Berlin-Brandenburg.\nAfter the failure of the coup, Hardenberg was arrested and his estate was confiscated. He tried unsuccessfully to commit suicide and was imprisoned in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp and tried for treason. The concentration camp was liberated on April 22, 1945, a day before Hardenberg was expected to be sentenced to death and executed.\nAfter the end of World War II, Hardenberg returned with his family to Neuhardenberg. But his estate was nationalized by the Communist authorities, and he fled with his family to West-Germany and lived in Kronberg im Taunus, Hesse. He died on October 24, 1958, age 67, in Frankfurt am Main, Germany A foundation named Carl-Hans Graf von Hardenberg was created in 1997 by his daughter Astrid Gr\u00e4fin von Hardenberg. The foundation has its headquarters in the commandry of Lietzen.", "Q47904": "Mario Monti, (born 19 March 1943) is an Italian economist who served as the Prime Minister of Italy from 2011 to 2013, despite never having been an elected politician, leading a government of technocrats in the wake of the Italian debt crisis.\nMonti served as a European Commissioner from 1995 to 2004, with responsibility for the Internal Market, Services, Customs and Taxation from 1995 to 1999 and for Competition from 1999 to 2004. Monti has also been Rector and President of Bocconi University in Milan for many years. On 12 November 2011, in the midst of the European sovereign debt crisis, Monti was invited by President Giorgio Napolitano to form a new technocratic government following the resignation of Silvio Berlusconi. Monti was sworn in as Prime Minister on 16 November 2011, just a week after having been appointed a Senator for Life by President Napolitano, and initially became Minister of Economy and Finances as well, giving that portfolio up the following July. From 16 May 2013 to 17 October 2013 Monti was the President of Civic Choice, a centrist political party.", "Q3183318": "Jonathan Bell Lovelace (1895\u20131979) was the founder of Capital Group Companies.", "Q180279": "Never Say Never Again is a 1983 spy film starring Sean Connery and directed by Irvin Kershner. The film is based on the James Bond novel Thunderball, which was previously adapted in a 1965 film under that name. Unlike the majority of Bond films, Never Say Never Again was not produced by Eon Productions, but by Jack Schwartzman's Taliafilm in association with Kevin McClory, one of the original writers of the Thunderball storyline with Ian Fleming and Jack Whittingham. McClory retained the filming rights of the novel following a long legal battle dating from the 1960s.\nConnery played the role of James Bond for the seventh and final time, marking his return to the character 12 years after Diamonds Are Forever. The film's title is a reference to Connery's reported declaration in 1971 that he would \"never again\" play that role. As Connery was 52 at the time of filming, although nearly three years younger than incumbent Bond Roger Moore, the storyline features an aging Bond, who is brought back into action to investigate the theft of two nuclear weapons by SPECTRE. Filming locations included France, Spain, the Bahamas and Elstree Studios in England.\nNever Say Never Again was released by Warner Bros. in October 1983, and opened to positive reviews, with the acting of Connery and Klaus Maria Brandauer singled out for praise as more emotionally resonant than the typical Bond films of the day. The film was a commercial success, grossing $160 million at the box office, although less overall than the Eon-produced Octopussy released earlier the same year. In 1997, the film's distribution rights were transferred to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the current distributor of the Eon Bond films; the company has since handled all subsequent home video releases of the film.", "Q1899347": "Post-punk revival (also known as \"new wave revival\", \"garage rock revival\" or \"new rock revolution\") is a genre of indie rock that developed in the late 1990s and early 2000s, inspired by the original sounds and aesthetics of garage rock of the 1960s and new wave and post-punk of the 1980s. Bands that broke through to the mainstream from local scenes across the world in the early 2000s included the Strokes, the Libertines, the Killers, Franz Ferdinand, the White Stripes, the Kooks, Interpol, the Vines, the Hives, Bloc Party, Arctic Monkeys, the Cribs and Kaiser Chiefs who were followed to commercial success by many established and new acts. By the end of the decade, most of the bands had broken up, moved on to other projects or were on hiatus, although some bands returned to recording and touring in the 2010s.\nThe genre has seen a resurgence in the late 2010s, with bands such as IDLES, Fontaines D.C., Shame, Preoccupations and the Murder Capital returning to the styles of two decades prior.", "Q76501": "Paul Nicolai Hartmann (German: [\u02c8ha\u0250\u032ftman]; 20 February 1882 \u2013 9 October 1950) was a Baltic German philosopher. He is regarded as a key representative of critical realism and as one of the most important twentieth century metaphysicians.\n\n", "Q991278": "Escape the Fate is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2004 and originally from Pahrump, Nevada. They are signed to Eleven Seven Music. The group consists of Robert Ortiz (drummer), Craig Mabbitt (lead vocalist), TJ Bell (rhythm guitarist and vocalist), Kevin \"Thrasher\" Gruft (lead guitarist) and touring musician Erik Jensen (bassist). As of 2013, Ortiz is the last founding member in the current lineup of the group.\nThey have released three EPs and six full-length studio albums. Dying Is Your Latest Fashion was the band's first album. This War Is Ours was released on October 21, 2008. The album debuted at No. 35 on the Billboard 200, selling 13,000 copies in the first week. Their third studio album, Escape the Fate, was released worldwide on November 2, 2010. The album charted at No. 25 on the Billboard 200, No. 1 on Hard Rock Albums, No. 4 on Rock Albums, No. 3 on Alternative and Independent charts and No. 18 on the Digital Albums Chart. Their fourth album, Ungrateful, was released on May 14, 2013, by Eleven Seven Music, and charted at No. 27 on the Billboard 200, with 17,000 copies sold in its first week. Their fifth album, Hate Me, was released on October 30, 2015, and charted at No. 58 on the Billboard 200. Their sixth album, I Am Human, was released on March 30, 2018.", "Q303862": "Waiting... is a 2005 American comedy film written and directed by Rob McKittrick (in his directorial debut) and starring Ryan Reynolds, Anna Faris, and Justin Long. McKittrick wrote the screenplay while working as a waiter.\nThe script was initially sold in a film deal to Artisan Entertainment, but was released by Lions Gate Entertainment (which purchased Artisan in 2003). Producers Chris Moore and Jeff Balis of Live Planet's Project Greenlight fame also took notice of the project and assisted. The film made over US$6,000,000, more than twice the budget of the film, in its opening weekend.", "Q8987300": "Johannes Hint (born Johannes Rudolph Hint; 20 September 1914 \u2013 died 5 September 1985) was an Estonian scientist and the only person to create and successfully run a limited company under the communist planned economy of the Soviet Union. With his company, Dessim Ltd, he earned millions for the Soviet Union. His most important scientific invention was the building material silikaltsiit (Laprex), which was developed through the execution of the disintegrator system. His inventions are still widely used in Germany, Austria, the United States, Japan and Russia. Over 200 scientific publications, 62 inventions and 28 patents are accredited to his name.", "Q60363": "Hugo Junkers (3 February 1859 \u2013 3 February 1935) was a German aircraft engineer and aircraft designer who pioneered the design of all-metal airplanes and flying wings. His company, Junkers Flugzeug- und Motorenwerke AG (Junkers Aircraft and Motor Works), was one of the mainstays of the German aircraft industry in the years between World War I and World War II. His multi-engined, all-metal passenger- and freight planes helped establish airlines in Germany and around the world.\nIn addition to aircraft, Junkers also built both diesel and petrol engines and held various thermodynamic and metallurgical patents. He was also one of the main sponsors of the Bauhaus movement and facilitated the move of the Bauhaus from Weimar to Dessau (where his factory was situated) in 1925.\nAmongst the highlights of his career were the Junkers J 1 of 1915, the world's first practical all-metal aircraft, incorporating a cantilever wing design with virtually no external bracing, the Junkers F 13 of 1919 (the world's first all-metal passenger aircraft), the Junkers W 33 (which made the first successful heavier-than-air east-to-west crossing of the Atlantic Ocean), the Junkers G.38 \"flying wing\", and the Junkers Ju 52, affectionately nicknamed \"Tante Ju\", one of the most famous airliners of the 1930s.\nWhen the Nazis came into power in 1933 they requested Junkers and his businesses aid in the German re-armament. When Junkers declined, the Nazis responded by demanding ownership of all patents and market shares from his remaining companies, under threat of imprisonment on the grounds of High Treason. In 1934 Junkers was placed under house arrest, and died at home in 1935 during negotiations to give up the remaining stock and interests in Junkers. Under Nazi control, his company produced some of the most successful German warplanes of the Second World War.", "Q239240": "Julia Jones (born January 23, 1981) is an American actress, known for playing Leah Clearwater in The Twilight Saga films and Kohana in the HBO series Westworld.", "Q15063982": "The Jungle is the eighth novel of Clive Cussler's Oregon Files series. The hardcover edition was released March 8, 2011. Other editions were released on other dates.\n\n", "Q270126": "Allison Miller (born September 2, 1985) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Michelle Benjamin on the NBC series Kings, Skye Tate on the Fox series Terra Nova, and Carrie on the NBC series Go On. She starred as Laura Larson on the Syfy television series Incorporated. She is currently starring in ABC's A Million Little Things.", "Q528664": "Denise Eugenia Dresser Guerra (born 22 January 1963) is a Mexican writer,and university professor. She is currently a faculty member of the Department of Political Science at the Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Aut\u00f3nomo de M\u00e9xico (ITAM), columnist in Proceso magazine, editorial writer for the newspaper Reforma, and participates in \"La Hora De Opinar\" TV Forum. She was awarded with the Legion of Honor of the French Republic in the rank of Knight, the highest distinction awarded by the French government to citizens and foreigners, for her defense of freedom of expression and human rights. She has been named by Forbes magazine as one of the most powerful women in Mexico and one of the 50 most influential women in Twitter.", "Q2834185": "Alexandre de Juniac (born 10 November 1962) is a French businessman, previously served as the Chairman and CEO of Air France (2011-2013) and later as CEO of Air France\u2013KLM (2013-2016). He is the current Director General and CEO of the International Air Transport Association as of 1 September 2016.", "Q84797": "G\u00fcnther Platter is an Austrian politician (\u00d6VP) and is the current Governor of Tyrol after his predecessor Herwig van Staa lost more almost 10% of the votes in the regional elections. Before becoming governor, Platter served as Interior Minister and as Minister of Defence in the cabinets of Gusenbauer and Sch\u00fcssel.\n28 February 2003\n\n", "Q229735": "Leslie Feist (born 13 February 1976) is a Canadian indie pop singer-songwriter and guitarist, performing both as a solo artist and as a member of the indie rock group Broken Social Scene.\nFeist launched her solo music career in 1999 with the release of Monarch. Her subsequent studio albums, Let It Die, released in 2004, and The Reminder, released in 2007, were critically acclaimed and commercially successful, selling over 2.5 million copies. The Reminder earned Feist four Grammy nominations, including a nomination for Best New Artist. She has received 11 Juno Awards, including two Artist of the Year. Her fourth studio album, Metals, was released in 2011. In 2012, Feist collaborated on a split EP with metal group Mastodon, releasing an interactive music video in the process.Feist received three Juno awards at the 2012 ceremony: Artist of the Year, Adult Alternative Album of the Year for Metals, and Music DVD of the Year for her documentary Look at What the Light Did Now.", "Q595483": "Edward Irenaeus Prime-Stevenson (January 29, 1858, Madison, New Jersey \u2013 July 23, 1942, Lausanne, Switzerland) was an American author. He used the pseudonym Xavier Mayne.\n\n", "Q172789": "Alberto Rodriguez Larreta (14 January 1934 \u2013 11 March 1977) was a racing driver from Buenos Aires, Argentina. He participated in one World Championship Formula One Grand Prix, the 1960 Argentine Grand Prix on 7 February 1960. Driving a Lotus 16 for Team Lotus, he qualified 15th and finished in ninth place. Larreta was reportedly offered a drive by Colin Chapman, but turned it down and continued competing in a wide variety of other motorsports until 1970. He died from a heart attack in 1977.", "Q444966": "Wallis Bird (born 29 January 1982) is an Irish musician. She has released six studio albums, including Architect in 2014 and Home in 2016.", "Q537022": "Marion Verbruggen (born 1950) is a Dutch recorder player and teacher.\nVerbruggen was born in Amsterdam and studied with Kees Otten at the Amsterdam Conservatory. She then studied at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague with Frans Br\u00fcggen. Upon completing her diplomas cum laude, she was invited to join the faculty at the Royal Conservatory. She now guest teaches there and gives master-classes and workshops throughout the world.\nMarion Verbruggen is one of the world's leading soloists on the recorder. Her discography ranges from 17th-century Spanish songs and theatre music to her own transcriptions of the cello suites by J.S. Bach. She is an ardent advocate of contemporary music.\nVerbruggen made her conducting debut recently with the Portland Baroque Orchestra in Portland, Oregon.", "Q77179": "Wilhelm Carl Josef Cuno (2 July 1876 \u2013 3 January 1933) was a German businessman and politician who was the Chancellor of Germany from 1922 to 1923, for a total of 264 days. His tenure included the episode known as the Occupation of the Ruhr by French and Belgian troops and the period in which inflation in Germany accelerated notably, heading towards hyperinflation. Cuno was also general director of the Hapag shipping company.", "Q238638": "Christopher John Weitz (born November 30, 1969) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He is best known for his work with his brother Paul Weitz on the comedy films American Pie and About a Boy; the latter earned the brothers a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Among his other main works, Weitz directed the film adaptation of the novel The Golden Compass and the film adaptation of New Moon from the series of Twilight books, as well wrote the screenplay for Disney's 2015 live-action adaptation of Cinderella and co-wrote Rogue One: A Star Wars Story with Tony Gilroy.", "Q19878": "Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi (c.\u20091942 \u2013 20 October 2011), commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi, was a Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977, and then as the \"Brother Leader\" of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. He was initially ideologically committed to Arab nationalism and Arab socialism but later ruled according to his own Third International Theory.\nBorn near Sirte, Italian Libya, to a poor Bedouin family, Gaddafi became an Arab nationalist while at school in Sabha, later enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. Within the military, he founded a revolutionary group which deposed the Western-backed Senussi monarchy of Idris in a 1969 coup. Having taken power, Gaddafi converted Libya into a republic governed by his Revolutionary Command Council. Ruling by decree, he deported Libya's Italian and Jewish populations and ejected its Western military bases. Strengthening ties to Arab nationalist governments\u2014particularly Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egypt\u2014he unsuccessfully advocated pan-Arab political union. An Islamic modernist, he introduced sharia as the basis for the legal system and promoted \"Islamic socialism\". He nationalized the oil industry and used the increasing state revenues to bolster the military, fund foreign revolutionaries, and implement social programs emphasizing house-building, healthcare and education projects. In 1973, he initiated a \"Popular Revolution\" with the formation of Basic People's Congresses, presented as a system of direct democracy, but retained personal control over major decisions. He outlined his Third International Theory that year in The Green Book.\nGaddafi transformed Libya into a new socialist state called a Jamahiriya (\"state of the masses\") in 1977. He officially adopted a symbolic role in governance but remained head of both the military and the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing dissent. During the 1970s and 1980s, Libya's unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, support for foreign militants, and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing in Scotland left it increasingly isolated on the world stage. A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States, United Kingdom, and Israel, resulting in the 1986 US bombing of Libya and United Nations\u2013imposed economic sanctions. From 1999, Gaddafi shunned Arab socialism and encouraged economic privatization, rapprochement with Western nations, and pan-Africanism; he was Chairperson of the African Union from 2009 to 2010. Amid the 2011 Arab Spring, protests against widespread corruption and unemployment broke out in eastern Libya. The situation descended into civil war, in which NATO intervened militarily on the side of the anti-Gaddafist National Transitional Council (NTC). The government was overthrown, and Gaddafi retreated to Sirte, only to be captured and killed by NTC militants.\nA highly divisive figure, Gaddafi dominated Libya's politics for four decades and was the subject of a pervasive cult of personality. He was decorated with various awards and praised for his anti-imperialist stance, support for Arab\u2014and then African\u2014unity, and for significant improvements that his government brought to the Libyan people's quality of life. Conversely, many Libyans strongly opposed his social and economic reforms, and he was posthumously accused of sexual abuse. He was condemned by many as a dictator whose authoritarian administration violated human rights and financed global terrorism.", "Q1346849": "Frederic Anthony Rzewski ( ZHEF-skee; born April 13, 1938) is an American composer and virtuoso pianist. His major compositions, which often incorporate social and political themes, include the minimalist Coming Together and the piano variations The People United Will Never Be Defeated!", "Q3805717": "Jack Wade Moreland, known as Jackie Moreland (March 11, 1938 \u2013 December 19, 1971), was an American basketball player for the Detroit Pistons and the former New Orleans Buccaneers.", "Q92693": "Richard E. Crandall (December 29, 1947 \u2013 December 20, 2012) was an American physicist and computer scientist who made contributions to computational number theory.", "Q71508": "Charles M. Huber (born December 3, 1956 in Munich as Karl-Heinz Huber) is a German politician and actor. He was one of the first two Bundestag members of African ancestry, alongside Karamba Diaby, who were both elected on September 23, 2013. Huber is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, and was elected in the federal state of Hesse whereas he failed to win the Darmstadt constituency.As an actor, Huber played Henry Johnson in the German crime series Der Alte.", "Q546803": "Arbon District is one of the five districts of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. It has a population of 56,638 (as of 31 December 2018).Its capital is the town of Arbon.\nThe district contains the following municipalities:", "Q721834": "In professional wrestling, a manager is a supporting character paired with a wrestler (or wrestlers) for a variety of reasons. A physically attractive woman accompanying, or \"seconding\", a male wrestler to a match is sometimes referred to as a valet.Performers who assume this role may be non-wrestlers, occasional wrestlers, older wrestlers who have retired or are nearing retirement, or new wrestlers who are breaking into the business (or a specific company) and need experience in front of the crowds. The wrestler who is paired with a manager may be referred to as his or her charge, client, or ward. A professional wrestling manager has nothing to do with their real-world counterpart or with a promotion's road agent.", "Q299790": "Marissa Ribisi (born December 17, 1974) is an American actress who performed in the films Dazed and Confused, True Crime, The Brady Bunch Movie, Pleasantville, and Don's Plum and television shows such as Felicity, Friends, Grace Under Fire, Watching Ellie, and Tales of the City. She is the twin sister of actor Giovanni Ribisi.", "Q97933": "Eva Sandberg (November 8, 1911 in Breslau - November 29, 2001 in Beijing) was a German photographer who took Soviet citizenship. In Moscow she met and married the Chinese communist poet Xiao San. In 1939, after twelve years in Moscow, Xiao was ordered to the revolutionary base at Yan'an; Sandberg was allowed to accompany him. The conductor Herbert Sandberg was her brother.", "Q72001": "Philipp Blom (born 1970) is a historian, novelist, journalist and translator. He was born in Hamburg, Germany, grew up in Detmold, and studied in Vienna and Oxford. He holds a DPhil in Modern History from Oxford University. After living and working in London, Paris and Vienna he now lives in Los Angeles with his wife Veronica Buckley.\nHis historical works include To Have and To Hold, a history of collectors and collecting, and Encyclop\u00e9die (US edition: Enlightening the World), a history of the Encyclopaedia by Diderot and d'Alembert that sparked the Enlightenment in France. In The Vertigo Years, Blom argues that the break with the past that is often associated with the trauma of World War I actually had its roots in the years before the war from 1900-1914. Blom followed this with Fracture: Life and Culture in the West, 1918-1938, a cultural history of the interwar years.\nBlom has published two novels: The Simmons Papers and Luxor (in German).He has also published a guide to Austrian wines, The Wines of Austria, and an English translation of Geert Mak's Amsterdam (1999) (Blom has a Dutch mother and speaks the language as well).\nAs a journalist, Blom has written for the Times Literary Supplement, The Financial Times, The Independent, The Guardian, and the Sunday Telegraph in Britain, for various German-language publications (Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Die Zeit, S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung, Financial Times Deutschland, Berliner Zeitung, Der Standard, Die Tageszeitung), and for Vrij Nederland in the Netherlands, as well as for other magazines and journals, the BBC, and German radio stations. He currently hosts a live cultural programme, \"Von Tag zu Tag\", on station \u00d61 on Austrian National Radio.\nRecently, Blom has written the libretto for an opera, Soliman, a project with the composer Joost van Kerkhooven, and has provided translations for stage productions (The Producers for the \u00c9tablissement Ronacher, and La Colombe for the Sch\u00f6nbrunn Theatre, Vienna).", "Q111574": "Paul Clive Deighton, Baron Deighton, KBE (born 18 January 1956) is a British Conservative politician who served as Commercial Secretary to HM Treasury from January 2013 to May 2015. Deighton is a former investment banker who previously served as Chief Executive of the London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games (LOCOG), the organisation responsible for planning the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.\nDeighton is now Chairman of The Economist Group.\n\n", "Q166924": "Zaven Kouyoumdjian (Armenian: \u0536\u0561\u0582\u0567\u0576 \u0533\u0578\u0582\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0573\u0565\u0561\u0576; Arabic: \u0632\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u200e) is a well-known Lebanese talk show host, producer and television personality of both Armenian and Lebanese descent. He is also a media consultant and author of a best selling book \"Lebanon Shot Twice\". Zaven launched a new television talk show \"Bala Toul Sire\" in November 2014 that is said to reshape the television talk show experience in Lebanon.Zaven is married to Laury Haytayan and has two sons BORN IN 2003 and 2007.", "Q450913": "L\u00eddia Jorge (born 18 June 1946) is a prominent Portuguese novelist and author whose work is representative of a recent style of Portuguese writing, the so-called \"Post Revolution Generation\". Her books have won international recognition and have been published in many countries.\n\n", "Q671971": "Colin Archer (22 July 1832 \u2013 8 February 1921) was a Norwegian naval architect and shipbuilder known for his seaworthy pilot and rescue boats and the larger sailing and polar ships. His most famous ship is the Fram, used on both in Fridtjof Nansen's and Roald Amundsen's polar expeditions. \n\n", "Q438463": "Anna Monika \"Ania\" D\u0105browska ([\u02c8a\u0272a d\u0254m\u02c8br\u0254vska]), usually referred to as Ania ([\u02c8a\u0272a]), is a Polish singer, songwriter, and composer performing pop music, born January 7, 1981.\nAnia rose to stardom in 2004 with the release of Samotno\u015b\u0107 po zmierzchu which was met with positive critical and commercial reception. The second album, Kilka historii na ten sam temat, was her first to fully incorporate retro style. Ania went on to explore the 1960s aesthetics on two more albums as well as in her visuals and personal image. She is one of the most nominated artists to Fryderyk, the most important music award in Poland, and has been awarded eight times. Ania has released five studio albums, with four of them reaching number one position in Polish albums chart and four going Platinum. As of 2011, the singer has sold more than 200,000 albums in Poland.", "Q100479": "Wilhelm Weiss (German Wilhelm Wei\u00df) (31 March 1892 in Stadtsteinach \u2013 24 February 1950 in Wasserburg am Inn) was, in the time of the Third Reich, an SA-Obergruppenf\u00fchrer as well as editor-in-chief of the NSDAP's official newspaper, the V\u00f6lkischer Beobachter\n\n", "Q286868": "Noah is a 2014 American epic Biblical drama film directed by Darren Aronofsky and inspired by the Biblical story of Noah's Ark from the Book of Genesis. Noah, which was co-written by Aronofsky and Ari Handel, stars Russell Crowe as Noah, along with Jennifer Connelly, Emma Watson, Ray Winstone, Logan Lerman, Douglas Booth, and Anthony Hopkins. The film was released in North American theaters on March 28, 2014, in 2D and IMAX, while a version converted to 3D and IMAX 3D was released in several other countries.Noah received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed over $362 million worldwide, making it Aronofsky's highest-grossing film to date. It was praised for its direction and acting, but generated controversy, primarily due to its lack of racial diversity, its perceived left-leaning political messages and its extensive use of non-biblical sources for inspiration such as the Book of Enoch. It was banned in China for \"religion-related reasons\". It was also banned in several Muslim countries because it was seen as contradicting the teachings of Islam.\n\n", "Q319184": "Son of Fury: The Story of Benjamin Blake is a 1942 adventure film directed by John Cromwell, starring Tyrone Power and Gene Tierney. The film was adapted from Edison Marshall's 1941 historical novel Benjamin Blake. It is notable as the last film Frances Farmer appeared in before her legal problems and eventual commitment to psychiatric hospitals until 1950.", "Q459506": "The University of Bristol is a red brick research university in Bristol, England. It received its royal charter in 1909, although it can trace its roots to a Merchant Venturers' school founded in 1595 and University College, Bristol, which had been in existence since 1876.Bristol is organised into six academic faculties composed of multiple schools and departments running over 200 undergraduate courses, largely in the Tyndalls Park area of the city. The university had a total income of \u00a3642.7 million in 2017-18, of which \u00a3164.0 million was from research grants and contracts. It is the largest independent employer in Bristol.The University of Bristol is ranked 49th by the QS World University Rankings 2020, and is ranked in the top 10 of UK universities in 2020 by QS World University rankings, Times Higher Education, and ARWU. The University of Bristol was the second most targeted university by the UK's top 100 employers, according to the Graduate Market in 2019 report produced by High Fliers.An extremely selective institution, it has an average of 6.4 (Sciences faculty) to 13.1 (Medicine & Dentistry Faculty) applicants for each undergraduate place. It was ranked 9th in the UK among multi-faculty institutions for the quality (GPA) of its research and for its Research Power in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework.Current academics include 21 fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences, 13 fellows of the British Academy, 13 fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering and 44 fellows of the Royal Society. The university has been associated with 13 Nobel laureates throughout its history, including Paul Dirac, Sir William Ramsay, Cecil Frank Powell, Sir Winston Churchill, Dorothy Hodgkin, Hans Albrecht Bethe, Max Delbr\u00fcck, Gerhard Herzberg, Sir Nevill Francis Mott, Sir Paul Nurse, Harold Pinter, Jean-Marie Gustave Le Cl\u00e9zio and most recently, 2015 Economics Nobel Prize winner Angus Deaton.\nBristol is a member of the Russell Group of research-intensive British universities, the European-wide Coimbra Group and the Worldwide Universities Network, of which the university's previous vice-chancellor, Eric Thomas, was chairman from 2005 to 2007. In addition, the university holds an Erasmus Charter, sending more than 500 students per year to partner institutions in Europe.", "Q179353": "Kelly Chemane Packard (born January 29, 1975) is an American actress and television personality. She is best known for her roles as Tiffani Smith on California Dreams, as well as April Giminski on Baywatch and co-hosting Ripley's Believe It or Not!. She also co-hosted the late segment of GSN Live from September 15, 2008 until November 28, 2008.\nPackard also guest starred in the television series The Wonder Years, Blossom, Step by Step, Boy Meets World, USA High and The Wild Thornberrys.\nAs a child, she was also a contestant on the Bob Eubanks' daytime version of Card Sharks, during \"Young People's Week\".", "Q938565": "Alejandro Tarik Agag Longo (born 18 September 1970, in Madrid) is a Spanish businessman and former politician, based in London as the Chairman of Addax Capital LLP.\n\n", "Q63483": "Jonathan Philip Chadwick Sumption, Lord Sumption, (born 9 December 1948), is a British author, medieval historian and former senior judge.\nSworn in as a Justice of the Supreme Court on 11 January 2012, succeeding The Lord Collins of Mapesbury, exceptionally, Sumption was raised to the Supreme Court bench directly from the practising at the Bar, rather than the more usual route of having been full-time judge. He retired from the Supreme Court on 9 December 2018 upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 70.\nSumption is well known for his role as a barrister in many legal cases. They include appearances in the Hutton Inquiry on the UK Government's behalf, in the Three Rivers case, his representation of former Cabinet Minister Stephen Byers and the UK Department for Transport in the Railtrack private shareholders' action against the British Government in 2005, for defending HM Government in an appeal hearing brought by Binyam Mohamed, and for successfully defending Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich in a private lawsuit brought by Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky.A former academic, Sumption was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1998 and is also known for writing a substantial narrative history of the Hundred Years' War, so far in four volumes. Sumption has been elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society (FRHistS) and a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London (FSA).", "Q545885": "Bevil Gordon D'Urban Rudd (5 October 1894 \u2013 2 February 1948) was a South African athlete, the 1920 Olympic Champion in the 400 m.\nRudd was born in Kimberley. He was the son of Henry Percy Rudd and Mable Mina Blyth; paternal grandson of Charles Rudd, who co-founded the De Beers diamond mining company, and Frances Chiappini and maternal grandson of Captain Matthew Smith Blyth CMG, chief magistrate of the Transkei, and Elizabeth Cornelia Philpott.\nDuring his schooling at St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown (Upper House) he excelled both as a student and as an athlete, and he was granted a scholarship for Oxford University. Rudd served in the First World War, and was awarded a Military Cross for bravery.As for his athletic career, 1920 was his most successful year. At the 1920 Olympics, held in Antwerp, Rudd won three medals, one of each colour. In the 400 m, he won the gold medal, in a clear victory over Britain's Guy Butler. He added a silver medal in the 4 x 400 m relay with the South African team, and finished third in the 800 m. In addition to his Olympic successes, Rudd became the British champion over 440 yd (402 m) and 880 yd (805 m), and was named best athlete of the year in Great Britain. In 1921, he broke the 440 yd (402 m) World Record.\nRudd completed his studies in England, and returned to South Africa, working as a sports journalist.\nHe married Ursula Mary Knight, daughter of Clifford Hume Knight the Italian Consul to Cape Town, in 1926; they had at least two sons: Bevil John Blyth Rudd and Clifford Robin David Rudd, the South African Cricketer.\nIn 1930, he became an editor for the Daily Telegraph, a position he held until after the Second World War. Shortly after his return to South Africa, he died there at age 53.", "Q958291": "The United Principalities was the official name of the personal union of Moldavia and Wallachia which later became Romania, adopted on 24 January 1859 (O.S., 5 February N.S.) when Alexandru Ioan Cuza was elected as the Domnitor (Ruling Prince) of both principalities, which were autonomous but still vassals of the Ottoman Empire.\nOn 22 January 1862 (O.S., 3 February N.S.), the Principality of Moldavia and the Principality of Wallachia formally united to create the Romanian United Principalities, the core of the Romanian nation state. In 1866 a new constitution came into effect, giving the country the name of Romania. The new state remained nominally a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. However, by this time the suzerainity of the Sublime Porte had become a legal fiction. Romania had its own flag and anthem, and conducted its own foreign policy. From 1867, it had its own currency as well.\nOn 9 May 1877 (O.S., 21 May N.S.), Romania proclaimed itself fully independent, and on 14 March 1881 (O.S., 26 March N.S.), it became the Kingdom of Romania. After the First World War, Transylvania and other territories were also included.", "Q6430706": "A critic is a professional who communicates an assessment and an opinion of various forms of creative works such as art, literature, music, cinema, theatre, fashion, architecture, and food. Critics may also take as their subject social or government policy. Critical judgments, whether derived from critical thinking or not, weigh up a range of factors, including an assessment of the extent to which the item under review achieves its purpose and its creator's intention and a knowledge of its context. They may also include a positive or negative personal response.\nCharacteristics of a good critic are articulateness, preferably having the ability to use language with a high level of appeal and skill. Sympathy, sensitivity and insight are important too. Form, style and medium are all considered by the critic. In architecture and food criticism, the item's function, value and cost may be added components.\nCritics are publicly accepted and, to a significant degree, followed because of the quality of their assessments or their reputation. Influential critics of art, music, theatre and architecture often present their arguments in complete books. One very famous example is John Ruskin's Seven Lamps of Architecture and The Stones of Venice. Critics may base their assessment on a range of theoretical positions. For instance, they may take a Feminist or Freudian perspective.Unlike other individuals who may editorialize on subjects via websites or letters written to publications, professional critics are paid to produce their assessment and opinions for print, radio, magazine, television, or Internet companies. When their personal opinion outweighs considered judgment, people who give opinions, whether on current events, public affairs, sports, media or art are often referred to as \"pundits\" instead of critics.\nCritics are themselves subject to competing critics, since the final critical judgment always entails subjectivity. An established critic can play a powerful role as a public arbiter of taste or opinion. Also, critics or a coordinated group of critics, may award symbols of recognition.", "Q121138": "Karl Julius Platzmann (born 31 January 1832 in Leipzig; died 6 September 1902 in Leipzig) was a German botanist, draftsman and philologist. His official Author citation was \u201cPlatzm.\u201d", "Q1335": "Montevideo (Spanish pronunciation: [monte\u03b2i\u02c8\u00f0eo]) is the capital and largest city of Uruguay. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 1,319,108 (about one-third of the country's total population) in an area of 201 square kilometres (78 sq mi). The southernmost capital city in the Americas, Montevideo is situated on the southern coast of the country, on the northeastern bank of the R\u00edo de la Plata.\nThe city was established in 1724 by a Spanish soldier, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala, as a strategic move amidst the Spanish-Portuguese dispute over the platine region. It was also under brief British rule in 1807. Montevideo is the seat of the administrative headquarters of Mercosur and ALADI, Latin America's leading trade blocs, a position that entailed comparisons to the role of Brussels in Europe.The 2019 Mercer's report on quality of life, rated Montevideo first in Latin America, a rank the city has consistently held since 2005. As of 2010, Montevideo was the 19th largest city economy in the continent and 9th highest income earner among major cities. In 2020, it has a projected GDP of $49.7 billion, with a per capita of $28,385.In 2018, it was classified as a beta global city ranking eighth in Latin America and 84th in the world. Montevideo hosted every match during the first FIFA World Cup, in 1930. Described as a \"vibrant, eclectic place with a rich cultural life\", and \"a thriving tech center and entrepreneurial culture\", Montevideo ranked eighth in Latin America on the 2013 MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index.In 2014, it was also regarded as the fifth most gay-friendly metropolis in the world and the first in Latin America. It is the hub of commerce and higher education in Uruguay as well as its chief port. The city is also the financial hub of Uruguay and the cultural anchor of a metropolitan area with a population of around 2 million.\n\n", "Q326823": "Gy\u00f6rgy (George) Konr\u00e1d (2 April 1933 \u2013 13 September 2019) was a Hungarian novelist and essayist, known as an advocate of individual freedom.", "Q118961": "Renate Kr\u00f6ssner or Renate Kr\u00f6\u00dfner (born 17 May 1945 in Osterode am Harz, Lower Saxony) is a German actress. She has appeared in such films as Nordkurve, Solo Sunny and Alles auf Zucker!. In television she has appeared on Tatort, Bruder Esel, Stubbe \u2013 Von Fall zu Fall and Einmal Bulle, immer Bulle.\nFor her role in Solo Sunny, she won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 30th Berlin International Film Festival. In 1991, she was a member of the jury at the 41st Berlin International Film Festival. In 1993, Kr\u00f6\u00dfner won a Deutscher Filmpreis Best Actress award for her work in Nordkurve.", "Q13164": "Moscow State University (MSU; Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041c. \u0412. \u041b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430 Moskovskiy gosudarstvenn'y universitet imeni M. V. Lomonosova, often abbreviated \u041c\u0413\u0423, MGU) is a coeducational and public research university located in Moscow, Russia. It was founded on 23 January [O.S. 12 January] 1755 by Mikhail Lomonosov. During the Soviet period, MSU was renamed after Lomonosov in 1940 and was then known as Lomonosov University. Its current rector is Viktor Sadovnichiy.\nMoscow State has educated many notable alumni including leaders of the Soviet Union and other governments as well as a Patriarch of Russian Orthodoxy. It is widely considered the most prestigious university in the former Soviet Union and it is highly competitive. As of 2019, 13 Nobel laureates, 6 Fields Medal winners and 1 Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university. According to the 2019 QS World University Rankings, it is the highest-ranking Russian educational institution and according to the Nature Index, it is highest ranking Russian university for research output.", "Q519650": "Buer is the largest suburb of Gelsenkirchen in North Rhine-Westphalia. The Hochstrasse in the heart of Buer is the largest shopping street in Gelsenkirchen.", "Q71087": "Ute Oberhoffner (n\u00e9e Wei\u00df, born 15 September 1961 in Ilmenau, Bezirk Suhl, sometimes shown as Ute Oberhoffner-Weiss) is an East German luger who competed during the 1980s. She won two medals in the women's singles event at the Winter Olympics with a silver in 1988 and a bronze in 1984.\nOberhoffner won four medals at the FIL World Luge Championships, earning one silver (Mixed team: 1989) and three bronzes (1983, 1987, 1989). She won a complete set of medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with a gold in the women's singles event (1988), and silver in the mixed team event (1988), and a bronze in the women's singles event (1986). Oberhoffner also won the overall Luge World Cup title in women's singles twice (1982-3, 1988-9).\nAfter her career in luge, Oberhoffner became a teacher in her native Ilmenau for which she was honored in 2003.", "Q2978600": "Michael Marks (Polish: Micha\u0142 Marks; c.\u20091859\u20131864 \u2013 31 December 1907), was a Polish-British businessman, entrepreneur and one of the two co-founders of the British retail chain Marks & Spencer.", "Q49518": "The Yekaterinoslav Governorate (Russian: \u0415\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0456\u044f; translit.: Yekaterinoslavskaya guberniya; Ukrainian: \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0456\u044f) or Government of Yekaterinoslav was a governorate in the Russian Empire. Its capital was the city of Yekaterinoslav (modern Dnipro). Its territory lies within what is now Ukraine.", "Q645183": "Dingzhou, or Tingchow in Postal Map Romanization, and formerly called Ding County or Dingxian, is a county-level city in the prefecture-level city of Baoding, Hebei Province. As of 2009, Dingzhou had a population of 1.2 million. Dingzhou has 3 subdistricts, 13 towns, 8 townships, and 1 ethnic township. Dingzhou is about halfway between Baoding and Shijiazhuang, 196 kilometers (122 mi) southwest of Beijing, and 68 kilometers (42 mi) northeast of Shijiazhuang.", "Q1803090": "Reginald Leigh Dugmore (20 November 1891 \u2013 16 June 1967), better known as Reginald Denny, achieved success both as an English stage, film and television actor, and as an aviator and UAV pioneer. He was also once amateur boxing champion of Great Britain.", "Q374803": "Benny Morris (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05e1; born 8 December 1948) is an Israeli historian. He was a professor of history in the Middle East Studies department of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in the city of Beersheba, Israel. He is a member of the group of Israeli historians known as the \"New Historians,\" a term Morris coined to describe himself and historians Avi Shlaim and Ilan Papp\u00e9.Morris's work on the Arab\u2013Israeli conflict and especially the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict has won praise and criticism from both sides of the political divide. Regarding himself as a Zionist, he writes, \"I embarked upon the research not out of ideological commitment or political interest. I simply wanted to know what happened.\"", "Q173118": "Vijay Vittal Mallya (born 18 December 1955) is an Indian businessman and former Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha). He is the subject of an extradition effort by the Indian Government to return him from the UK to face charges of financial crimes in India.Mallya is former owner of the Royal Challengers Bangalore cricket team. The son of businessman Vittal Mallya, he is the ex-chairman of United Spirits, the largest spirits company in India, and continues to serve as chairman of United Breweries Group, an Indian conglomerate with interests including beverage alcohol, aviation infrastructure, real estate and fertilizer. He has been the chairman of Sanofi India (previously known as Hoechst AG and Aventis) and the chairman of Bayer CropScience in India for over 20 years, and the chairman of several other companies. Mallya is also the founder and former owner of defunct Kingfisher Airlines and former co-owner of the Force India Formula One team before it went into administration.", "Q172206": "Roberto Wenceslao Bonomi Oliva (30 September 1919 in Buenos Aires, Argentina \u2013 10 January 1992) was a racing driver who took part in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix driving a Cooper for the Scuderia Centro Sud team. Before he participated in Formula One he was a sports car champion in 1952 and 1953, as well as a member of the Argentine team to race in Europe. Bonomi worked as a local politician and landowner.", "Q315231": "Jacques Piccard (28 July 1922 \u2013 1 November 2008) was a Swiss oceanographer and engineer, known for having developed underwater submarines for studying ocean currents. In the Challenger Deep, he and Lt. Don Walsh of the United States Navy were the first people to explore the deepest part of the world's ocean, and the deepest location on the surface of Earth's crust, the Mariana Trench, located in the western North Pacific Ocean.", "Q269846": "Kathy Hilton (born Kathleen Elizabeth Avanzino, later Richards; March 13, 1959) is an American actress, socialite, fashion designer, and philanthropist. She is the mother of socialite Paris Hilton and fashion designer Nicky Hilton.", "Q2599077": "Yale College is the undergraduate college of Yale University. Founded in 1701, it is the original school of the university. Although other Yale schools were founded as early as 1810, all of Yale was officially known as Yale College until 1887, when its schools were confederated and the institution was renamed Yale University. It is one of the most prestigious colleges in the United States.Originally established to train Congregationalist ministers, the college began teaching humanities and natural sciences by the late 18th century. At the same time, students began organizing extracurricular organizations: first literary societies, and later publications, sports teams, and singing groups. By the middle of the 19th century, it was the largest college in the United States. In 1847, it was joined by another undergraduate school at Yale, the Sheffield Scientific School, which was absorbed into the college in 1956. These merged curricula became the basis of the modern-day liberal arts curriculum, which requires students to take courses in a broad range of subjects, including foreign language, composition, sciences, and quantitative reasoning, in addition to electing a departmental major in their sophomore year.\nThe most distinctive feature of undergraduate life is the school's system of residential colleges, established in 1932 and modeled after the constituent colleges of English universities. Undergraduates live in these colleges after their freshman year, when most live on the school's Old Campus.", "Q76930": "Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Duke of Cumberland, (17 December 1619 (O.S.) / 27 December (N.S) \u2013 29 November 1682) was a German-English army officer, admiral, scientist and colonial governor. He first came to prominence as a Cavalier cavalry commander during the English Civil War.Rupert was a younger son of the German prince Frederick V of the Palatinate and Elizabeth, the eldest daughter of James VI of Scotland and I of England.\nPrince Rupert had a varied career. He was a soldier from a young age, fighting alongside Dutch forces against the Habsburg Spain during the Eighty Years' War (1568\u20131648), and against the Holy Roman Emperor in Germany during the Thirty Years' War (1618\u20131648). Aged 23, he was appointed commander of the Royalist cavalry during the English Civil War, becoming the archetypal \"Cavalier\" of the war and ultimately the senior Royalist general. He surrendered after the fall of Bristol and was banished from England. He served under Louis XIV of France against Spain, and then as a Royalist privateer in the Caribbean Sea. Following the Restoration, Rupert returned to England, becoming a senior English naval commander during the Second Anglo-Dutch War and Third Anglo-Dutch War, and serving as the first governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. He died in England in 1682, aged 62.\nRupert is considered to have been a quick-thinking and energetic cavalry general, but ultimately undermined by his youthful impatience in dealing with his peers during the Civil War. In the Interregnum, Rupert continued the conflict against Parliament by sea from the Mediterranean to the Caribbean, showing considerable persistence in the face of adversity. As the head of the Royal Navy in his later years, he showed greater maturity and made impressive and long-lasting contributions to the Royal Navy's doctrine and development. As a colonial governor, Rupert shaped the political geography of modern Canada: Rupert's Land was named in his honour, and he was a founder of the Hudson's Bay Company. He also played a role in the early Atlantic slave trade. Rupert's varied and numerous scientific and administrative interests combined with his considerable artistic skills made him one of the more colourful public figures in England of the Restoration period.", "Q11773": "Nancy G. Leveson is a leading American expert in system and software safety. She is Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics at MIT, United States.Nancy Leveson gained her degrees (in computer science, mathematics and management) from UCLA, including her PhD in 1980. Previously she worked at University of California, Irvine and the University of Washington as a faculty member. She has studied safety-critical systems such as the Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) for the avoidance of midair collisions between aircraft and problems with the Therac-25 radiation therapy machine.Leveson has been editor of the journal IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. She has held memberships in the ACM, IEEE Computer Society, System Safety Society, and AIAA.\n\n", "Q162015": "Ljubomir Nenadovi\u0107 (14 September 1826 \u2014 21 January 1895) was Serbian writer, poet, translator, diplomat, minister of education and member of the Serbian Royal Academy.", "Q71939": "Xavier Joseph Haegy (December 2, 1870, Hirsingue \u2013 May 11, 1932) was an Alsatian priest, journalist and politician. A staunch proponent of Alsatian regionalism, Haegy was major media proprietor in Alsace and was elected deputy of the Zentrumspartei in 1913\u20138.", "Q1035348": "Henrik \"Henkka\" Klingenberg (born 21 October 1978 in Mariehamn, \u00c5land, Finland) is a keyboardist, keytarist and singer. He joined the Finnish power metal band Sonata Arctica in late 2002 and currently resides in Kemi, Finland, when not on tour.\nKeyboardists he has listed as his favourites include Kevin Moore, Jon Lord, Jens Johansson and Matt Guillory. He claims that his musical inspiration is taken from life itself.", "Q77390": "Christoph Ahlhaus (born 28 August 1969) is a German politician. He is a representative of the German Christian Democratic Union which he joined in 1985. He was the mayor of Hamburg from August 2010 to March 2011.", "Q603868": "Joseph Albert (known as Albert Libertad or Libertad) (24 November 1875 \u2013 12 November 1908) was an individualist anarchist militant and writer from France who edited the influential anarchist publication L\u2019Anarchie.", "Q231393": "Zvi Yanai (Hebrew: \u05e6\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d9\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 ) (June 9, 1935 - December 16, 2013) was an Israeli civil servant and author.", "Q143": "Esperanto () is the most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. It was created by Polish ophthalmologist L. L. Zamenhof in 1887, when he published a book detailing the language, The International Language whose editions in Russian, Polish, German, French and English, under the pseudonym \u201cDoktoro Esperanto\u201d together constitute the \u201coriginal edition\u201d, usually referred to by Esperantists as \u201cLa Unua Libro\u201d (\u201cThe First Book\u201d). The word esperanto translates into English as \"one who hopes\".Zamenhof's goal was to create an easy and flexible language that would serve as a universal second language to foster world peace and international understanding, and to build a community of speakers, as he believed that one could not have a language without such a community.His original title for the language was simply \"the international language\" (lingvo internacia), but early speakers grew fond of the name Esperanto and began to use it as the name for the language just two years after its creation; the name quickly gained prominence and has been used as an official name ever since.In 1905, Zamenhof published Fundamento de Esperanto as a definitive guide to the language. Later that year, French Esperantists organized with his participation the first World Esperanto Congress, an ongoing annual conference, in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. The first congress ratified the Declaration of Boulogne, which established several foundational premises for the Esperanto movement; one of its pronouncements is that Fundamento de Esperanto is the only obligatory authority over the language; another is that the Esperanto movement is exclusively a linguistic movement and that no further meaning can ever be ascribed to it. Zamenhof also proposed to the first congress that an independent body of linguistic scholars should steward the future evolution of Esperanto, foreshadowing the founding of the Akademio de Esperanto (in part modeled after the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise), which was established soon thereafter. Since 1905, the congress has been held in a different country every year, with the exceptions of those years during the World Wars. In 1908, a group of young Esperanto speakers led by the Swiss Hector Hodler established the Universal Esperanto Association in order to provide a central organization for the global Esperanto community.\nEsperanto grew throughout the 20th century, both as a language and as a linguistic community. Despite speakers facing persecution in regimes such as Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union under Stalin, Esperanto speakers continued to establish organizations and publish periodicals tailored to specific regions and interests. In 1954, the United Nations granted official support to Esperanto as an international auxiliary language in the Montevideo Resolution. Several writers have contributed to the growing body of Esperanto literature, including William Auld, who received the first nomination for the Nobel Prize in Literature for a literary work in Esperanto in 1999, followed by two more, in 2004 and 2006. Those writing in Esperanto are also officially represented in PEN International, the worldwide writers association, through Esperanto PEN Centro.The development of Esperanto has continued unabated into the 21st century. The advent of the Internet has had a significant impact on the language, as learning it has become increasingly accessible on platforms such as Duolingo, and as speakers have increasingly networked on platforms such as Amikumu. With approximately two million speakers, a small portion of whom are even native speakers, it is the most widely spoken constructed language in the world. Although no country has adopted Esperanto officially, Esperantujo is the name given to the collection of places where it is spoken, and the language is widely employed in world travel, correspondence, cultural exchange, conventions, literature, language instruction, television, and radio. Some people have chosen to learn Esperanto for its purported help in third language acquisition, like Latin.\nWhile many of its advocates continue to hope for the day that Esperanto becomes officially recognized as the international auxiliary language, an increasing number have stopped focusing on this goal and instead view the Esperanto community as a \"stateless diasporic linguistic minority\" based on freedom of association, with a culture worthy of preservation, based solely on its own merit.", "Q93764": "Liesel (\"Liese\") Prokop-Sykora (27 March 1941 \u2013 31 December 2006) was an Austrian athlete who competed mainly in the pentathlon and, later in her life, a politician.", "Q283521": "Andrea Hope Elson (born March 6, 1969) is an American former actress. Beginning her professional career as a child actress and model, Elson is perhaps best known for her television roles; as Alice Tyler on the CBS science-fiction adventure series Whiz Kids and as Lynn Tanner on the NBC comedy series ALF, which garnered the teenage actress two Youth in Film Award nominations in 1986 and 1989.", "Q239917": "Filippina Lydia \"Tina\" Arena (born 1 November 1967) is an Australian singer-songwriter, musician, musical theatre actress and record producer. She is one of Australia's highest selling artists and has sold over 10 million records worldwide. Arena is an artist with the vocal range of a soprano and is multilingual: she sings live and records in English, Italian, French and Spanish.\nArena has earned several international and national awards, including seven ARIA Awards, and two World Music Awards for 'Best-selling Australian Artist', which she received in 1996 and in 2000. In 2001, Arena was awarded a BMI Foundation Songwriting Award (Broadcast Music Inc.) by the American performance rights organisation for co-writing \"Burn\" with Pam Reswick and Steve Werfel. In 2011, Arena became the first Australian to be awarded a Knighthood of the French National Order of National Merit, presented by the President of the French Republic, Nicolas Sarkozy, for her contributions to French culture, and ceremonially awarded by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Mitterrand, the Minister of Culture and Communication of France.In 2015, Arena was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association ARIA Hall of Fame at the 2015 ARIA Awards ceremony. On Australia Day, 26 January 2016, Arena was recognised in the Australia Day Honours and appointed a Member in the General Division of the Order of Australia \"for significant service to the music industry as a singer, songwriter, and recording artist, and as a supporter of charitable groups.\" On 27 April 2016, the Governor-General of Australia, Sir Peter Cosgrove, presented Tina Arena with her insignia as a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) at a private ceremony in Paris.In March 2019, the Government of Australia appointed Arena as a board member of the Australia Council for the Arts for a three-year term. The Australia Council for the Arts, informally known as the Australia Council, is the principal arts council or arts funding body of the federal government of Australia.\n\n", "Q187099": "Lionel Jospin (French: [lj\u0254n\u025bl \u0292\u0254sp\u025b\u0303]; born 12 July 1937) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997 to 2002.\nJospin was First Secretary of the Socialist Party from 1995 to 1997 and the party's candidate for President of France in the 1995 and 2002 elections. In 1995, he was narrowly defeated in the second round by Jacques Chirac. In 2002, he was eliminated in the first round after finishing behind both Chirac and far-right candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen, prompting him to announce his retirement from politics. In 2015, he was appointed to the Constitutional Council.", "Q241674": "Repli-Kate is a 2002 sex comedy film from National Lampoon, directed by Frank Longo and starring Ali Landry, James Roday, Desmond Askew and Eugene Levy.", "Q727074": "Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd, commonly referred to as Virgin Australia, is one of the largest airlines operating in Australia, and it is the largest airline by fleet size to use the Virgin brand. It commenced services on 31 August 2000 as Virgin Blue, with two aircraft on a single route. It suddenly found itself as a major airline in Australia's domestic market after the collapse of Ansett Australia in September 2001. The airline has since grown to directly serve 42 cities in Australia, from hubs in Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney.The airline is based in Bowen Hills, Brisbane, Queensland. It was co-founded by British businessman Richard Branson (the founder of Virgin Group), and former CEO Brett Godfrey.\nIn 2011, the airline went through a massive transformation\u2014the changing of their brand to Virgin Australia. This included the introduction of a new aircraft livery, new uniforms, and new on board menu options. New wide-body aircraft were acquired for use to compete with Qantas, and the roll-out of business class across all the Virgin Australia network.", "Q249228": "Dawon Kahng (May 4, 1931 \u2013 May 13, 1992) was a Korean-American electrical engineer and inventor, known for his work in solid-state electronics. He is best known for inventing the MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor), also known as the MOS transistor, with Mohamed Atalla in 1959. Atalla and Kahng developed both the PMOS and NMOS processes for MOSFET semiconductor device fabrication. The MOSFET is the most widely used type of transistor, and the basic element in most modern electronic equipment.\nAtalla and Kahng later proposed the concept of the MOS integrated circuit, and they did pioneering work on Schottky diodes and nanolayer-base transistors in the early 1960s. Kahng then invented the floating-gate MOSFET (FGMOS) with Simon Sze in 1967. Kahng and Sze proposed that FGMOS could be used as floating-gate memory cells for non-volatile memory (NVM) and reprogrammable read-only memory (ROM), which became the basis for EPROM (erasable programmable ROM), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM) and flash memory technologies. Kahng was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2009.", "Q355173": "Mitsuo Yamaguchi (\u5c71\u53e3 \u5149\u96c4, Yamaguchi Mitsuo, born May 23, 1965), better known by the stage name of Kappei Yamaguchi (\u5c71\u53e3 \u52dd\u5e73, Yamaguchi Kappei), is a Japanese actor and voice actor. He is affiliated with Gok\u016b and 21st Century Fox. He currently voices Usopp in One Piece and Shinichi Kudo in Case Closed. Other roles included the male Ranma Saotome in Ranma \u00bd, the eponymous character in Inuyasha and L in Death Note. In overseas dubs, he is the Japanese voice of Kyle Broflovski, Bugs Bunny and Crash Bandicoot.\nYamaguchi appeared in eroge as Ky\u014dya Ushihisa (\u725b\u4e45 \u4eac\u4e5f, Ushihisa Ky\u014dya). He made his first public appearance in North America at Otakon 2008 and in Sakura-Con 2009. His third appearance to date has been at Animazement in 2010. He also made a fourth appearance in Hawaii at Kawaii Kon in 2011. He is married and has a son and a daughter.", "Q633773": "S\u00e1ndor Barcs (10 November 1912 \u2013 7 January 2010) was a Hungarian journalist, politician, sports executive and amateur footballer.", "Q1014386": "Arnold W. Gingrich (December 5, 1903 \u2013 July 9, 1976) was the editor of, and, along with publisher David A. Smart and Henry L. Jackson, co-founder of Esquire magazine. Among his other projects was the political/newsmagazine Ken.", "Q112294": "Eberhard Kummer (2 August 1940 \u2013 12 July 2019) was an Austrian concert singer, lawyer and an expert of medieval music from Vienna.Kummer was born in Krems an der Donau. He played the hurdy-gurdy, the harp and the guitar, and made important contribution to the restoration of medieval and the Austrian folksong. He received training as a classical bass-baritone. After an initial career as classical singer, he gradually specialized in restoring tradited Austrian folksongs and original medieval music from Europe, such as the German epic Nibelungenlied or medieval Minnelieder.", "Q440731": "Ali Divandari (Persian: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u200e; also Romanized as Al\u012b Div\u0101ndar\u012b, Persian pronunciation: [\u00e6li\u02d0 di\u02d0v\u0252\u02d0nd\u00e6ri\u02d0]; Born 6 September 1957 in Sabzevar) is an Iranian cartoonist, painter, graphic designer, sculptor and journalist.", "Q3567094": "Weill Cornell Medicine , officially the Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, is the biomedical research unit and medical school of Cornell University, a private Ivy League university. The medical college is located at 1300 York Avenue, on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City, along with the Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences. The college is named for benefactor and former Citigroup chairman Sanford Weill.\nAs one of the most selective medical schools in the United States, Cornell enrolls approximately 100 students per class from a pool of over 6,000 applicants, interviewing 700-750 applicants. For the class of 2022, the average undergraduate GPA and MCAT scores for successful applicants were 3.85 and 518, respectively. The Weill Cornell Medical College is currently tied for 11th place on U.S. News & World Report's \"Best Medical Schools: Research\" ranking.Weill Cornell Medicine is affiliated with NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Hospital for Special Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Rockefeller University, all of which are located nearby on York Avenue. Weill Cornell's clinical affiliates rank highly, with the New York-Presbyterian Hospital ranked #1 in the region and #5 in the nation, the Hospital for Special Surgery ranked #1 in the nation for orthopedics and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Center #2 for cancer.The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Rockefeller University joined Weill Cornell to establish the Tri-Institutional MD\u2013PhD Program in 1991. In 2001, the school opened a campus in Qatar. Weill Cornell has also been affiliated with The Methodist Hospital in Houston, Texas, since 2004. On September 16, 2019, Weill Cornell Medicine announced students who qualify for financial aid would attend cost-free.", "Q170377": "Blackpool is a town and seaside resort on the Lancashire coast in North West England. The town is on the Irish Sea, between the Ribble and Wyre estuaries, 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Preston, 27 miles (43 km) north of Liverpool, 28 miles (45 km) northwest of Bolton and 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Manchester. It had an estimated population of 139,720 at the 2011 Census, making it the most populous town in Lancashire.Throughout the Medieval and Early Modern period, Blackpool was a coastal hamlet in Birmingham's Hundred of Amounderness, and remained such until the mid-18th century when it became fashionable in England to travel to the coast in the summer to improve well-being. In 1781, visitors attracted to Blackpool's 7-mile (11 km) sandy beach were able to use a new private road, built by Thomas Clifton and Sir Henry Hoghton. Stagecoaches began running to Blackpool from Manchester in the same year, and from Halifax in 1782. In the early 19th century, Henry Banks and his son-in-law John Cocker erected new buildings in Blackpool such that its population grew from less than 500 in 1801 to over 2,500 in 1851. St John's Church in Blackpool was consecrated in 1821.\nBlackpool rose to prominence as a major centre of tourism in England when a railway was built in the 1840s connecting it to the industrialised regions of Northern England. The railway made it much easier and cheaper for visitors to reach Blackpool, triggering an influx of settlers, such that in 1876 Blackpool was incorporated as a borough, governed by its own town council and aldermen. In 1881, Blackpool was a booming resort with a population of 14,000 and a promenade complete with piers, fortune-tellers, public houses, trams, donkey rides, fish-and-chip shops and theatres. By 1901 the population of Blackpool was 47,000, by which time its place was cemented as \"the archetypal British seaside resort\". By 1951 it had grown to 147,000 people.\nShifts in tastes, combined with opportunities for Britons to travel overseas, affected Blackpool's status as a leading resort in the late 20th century. Nevertheless, Blackpool's urban fabric and economy remains relatively undiversified, and firmly rooted in the tourism sector, and the borough's seafront continues to attract millions of visitors every year. Blackpool's major attractions and landmarks include Blackpool Tower, Blackpool Illuminations, the Pleasure Beach, Blackpool Zoo, Sandcastle Water Park, the Winter Gardens, and the UK's only surviving first-generation tramway.", "Q233584": "Jeanette Winterson (born 27 August 1959) is an English writer, who became famous with her first book, Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit, a semi-autobiographical novel about a sensitive teenage girl rebelling against conventional values. Some of her other novels have explored gender polarities and sexual identity, with later novels also exploring the relationship between humans and technology. She is also a broadcaster and a professor of creative writing.\nWinterson has won a Whitbread Prize for a First Novel, a BAFTA Award for Best Drama, the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize, the E. M. Forster Award, the St. Louis Literary Award, and is a two-time winner of the Lambda Literary Award. She has been made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE), and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.", "Q461927": "Marie-Nicole Lemieux, C.M.,\nC.Q. (born June 26, 1975) is a Canadian coloratura contralto. She first came to the world's attention in 2000 when she became the first Canadian to win first prize at the Queen Elisabeth International Music Competition in Belgium. Since then Lemieux has established herself as one of the finest contraltos currently singing on the classical music stage, appearing with some of the world's best orchestras and singing with many great opera companies.\nLemieux is admired for possessing an unusually flexible and beautiful contralto voice that does not have the heaviness that is often associated with her particular voice type. For this reason, Lemieux has become a favourite among lovers of Baroque opera and she is noted for her portrayal of characters in the operas of Handel and Vivaldi in particular. Her voice is admired for its richness, warmth and resonance and for its expressiveness and use of many different tone colours. Lemieux is also praised by critics for her stage presence and communicative power.", "Q91173": "Albert V\u00f6gler (8 February 1877 \u2013 14 April 1945) was a German politician, industrialist and entrepreneur. He was a co-founder of the German People's Party, and an important executive in the munitions industry during the Second World War.\nV\u00f6gler was born to Karl and Berta V\u00f6gler in Essen. He studied mechanics and engineering at high school before graduating from the university of Karlsruhe in 1901 with a degree in mechanical engineering. Between 1901 and 1910 he worked as a senior engineer at the Dortmunder Steel Works, and then became a member of the executive committee in the Deutsch-Luxemburgische Bergwerks- und H\u00fctten-AG mining company. Upon the death in 1924 of the founder, Hugo Stinnes, V\u00f6gler became manager.\nIn 1918, with Gustav Stresemann, he was involved in the founding of the German People's Party (DVP) in the Weimar Republic. He criticised the policies of Joseph Wirth who signed agreements with France in accordance with Germany's submission to the French occupation of the Ruhr in 1923. In 1924 he left the DVP.\nBetween 1925 and 1927 he was a member of the Dortmunder Chamber of Commerce and president of the Rheinisch Westf\u00e4li coal syndicate. In 1926 he founded the Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG and was its chairman until 1935. In 1927 he also became an honorary board member of his old university in Karlsruhe.\nAs a business man, V\u00f6gler feared the rise of communism in Germany. Records of donations from V\u00f6gler to the Nazi Party from as early as 1931 exist. V\u00f6gler met Adolf Hitler on 11 September 1931. From 1932 V\u00f6gler openly funded the Nazi party. He was a member of the Freundeskreis Himmler.Hitler became German Chancellor on 30 January 1933. He held a meeting with Hermann G\u00f6ring, and German industrialists on 20 February 1933. V\u00f6gler was present at this meeting. Hitler presented the Nazi Party's political plans, and received a total of three million marks in donations.From 1940 onwards, V\u00f6gler was heavily involved with the manufacture of munitions. He served in increasingly important positions under Albert Speer in the Ruhr industrial heartland from 1942 until 1944.\nHe was president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society (later Max Planck Society) from 1941 until his death in 1945.\nOn 14 April 1945, in order to avoid capture by the US Army, V\u00f6gler committed suicide in Haus Ende, Herdecke.", "Q651690": "The Polish Academy of Sciences (Polish: Polska Akademia Nauk, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored institution of higher learning. Headquartered in Warsaw, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science across the country by a society of distinguished scholars and a network of research institutes. It was established in 1951, during the early period of the Polish People's Republic following World War II.", "Q337090": "King Arthur is a 2004 British-American historical adventure film directed by Antoine Fuqua and written by David Franzoni. It features an ensemble cast with Clive Owen as the title character, Ioan Gruffudd as Lancelot and Keira Knightley as Guinevere, along with Mads Mikkelsen, Joel Edgerton, Hugh Dancy, Ray Winstone, Ray Stevenson, Stephen Dillane, Stellan Skarsg\u00e5rd and Til Schweiger.\nThe film is unusual in reinterpreting Arthur as a Roman officer rather than a medieval knight. Despite these departures from the source material, the Welsh Mabinogion, the producers of the film attempted to market it as a more historically accurate version of the Arthurian legends, supposedly inspired by new archaeological findings. The film also replaces the sword in the stone story with a more dark and tragic backstory of how Arthur claimed his sword Excalibur. The film was shot in Ireland, England, and Wales.\n\n", "Q6291393": "Jos\u00e9 Antonio Balseiro (March 29, 1919 in C\u00f3rdoba \u2013 March 26, 1962 in Bariloche) was an Argentine physicist. \nBalseiro studied at the Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba in his home city, before moving to La Plata to study and research, obtaining a doctorate in physics at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata. His doctoral dissertation was directed by Dr. Guido Beck, an Austrian physicist who arrived as a refugee in 1943. In 1950 he received a scholarship granted by the British Council. Due to the limited funds provided by the scholarship, his wife and daughter remained in Argentina. Balseiro did his post-doctoral research at the University of Manchester, in the group directed by L\u00e9on Rosenfeld. His father was Galician and his mother was French. \nThe Argentine government requested that he return to Argentina in 1952, a few months before the expiration of his scholarship, to serve in the scientific review panel of the Huemul Project, a study on nuclear fusion conducted by Ronald Richter. Balseiro's report and those of other members of the panel finally convinced the government that the Huemul Project had no scientific merit. Based on this, and reports from a second review panel (composed of physicists Richard Gans and Antonio Rodr\u00edguez), the Huemul Project was abandoned.\nAfterwards, Balseiro remained in Argentina where he was appointed director of the physics department of the Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales of the Universidad de Buenos Aires in 1952.\nIn 1955, using part of the old installations of the Huemul Project, the National Atomic Energy Commission created the Instituto de F\u00edsica de Bariloche. Balseiro played an important role in this decision and served as the first director of the new institution. Upon his untimely death from leukemia in 1962, the institute was renamed Instituto Balseiro. In 2005 the Instituto Balseiro celebrated 50 years of existence, having grown to become one of the country's leading centers for research in new technology, Physics, and Nuclear Engineering.", "Q4351902": "Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez Gonz\u00e1lez (born January 28, 1947 in Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes) is a Mexican politician and entrepreneur. A member of the National Action Party, he was Governor of Aguascalientes, from 1998 to 2004 and has been a senator of the Republic of Mexico since 2006.", "Q763636": "William Jennings Sheffield Jr. (born June 26, 1928) is an American Democratic politician who was the fifth governor of Alaska from 1982 to 1986. Sheffield's term in the governor's mansion was marked by controversy including attempts to have him impeached.\n\n", "Q43035": "Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design and application of equipment, devices and systems which use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the latter half of the 19th century after commercialization of the electric telegraph, the telephone, and electrical power generation, distribution and use.\nElectrical engineering is now divided into a wide range of fields, including computer engineering, power engineering, telecommunications, radio-frequency engineering, signal processing, instrumentation, and electronics. Many of these disciplines overlap with other engineering branches, spanning a huge number of specializations including hardware engineering, power electronics, electromagnetics and waves, microwave engineering, nanotechnology, electrochemistry, renewable energies, mechatronics, and electrical materials science. See glossary of electrical and electronics engineering.\nElectrical engineers typically hold a degree in electrical engineering or electronic engineering. Practising engineers may have professional certification and be members of a professional body or an international standards organization. These include the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) (formerly the IEE). The IEC prepares international standards for electrical engineering, developed through consensus, thanks to the work of 20,000 electrotechnical experts, coming from 172 countries worldwide.\nElectrical engineers work in a very wide range of industries and the skills required are likewise variable. These range from circuit theory to the management skills of a project manager. The tools and equipment that an individual engineer may need are similarly variable, ranging from a simple voltmeter to a top end analyzer to sophisticated design and manufacturing software.", "Q97502": "Valentin Alberti (1635\u20131697) was a Lutheran, orthodox philosopher and theologian from Silesia and was the son of a preacher.\nHe is known for defending Lutheran orthodoxy against the natural law views of Hugo Grotius, Samuel von Pufendorf and Christian Thomasius, and being an active polemicist against Roman Catholicism.\nHe began his studies at the University of Leipzig in 1656, obtaining the Magister degree in 1656. By 1663 he was already a professor of logic and metaphysics and in 1672 he became an associate professor of theology as well. Alberti was one of the principal representatives of Christian natural law Juris Naturae Orthodoxae Compendium Theologiae Conformatum and Samuel von Pufendorf's main opponent.\nIn 1665, he married the daughter of the Leipzig city judge Johannis Preibisi.\nAlberti supervised the thesis of Christian Stridtbeckh on the possibility of a pact with the devil, in 1690 and 1716 first in Latin, 1723 also appeared in German translation. He held the theological opinions maintaining the possibility of reincarnation of souls from purgatory.\n\n", "Q7022": "Fellbach is a mid-sized town on the north-east Border of Stuttgart in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. With a population of approximately 43,700 as of December 2003, it is the second largest town in the District Rems-Murr-Kreis. The area of the town is 27.7 km2 (10.7 sq mi).\nFellbach was first mentioned as Velbach in 1121. It was called Vellebach in 1357 and the name Fehlbach was used in around 1800. On 14 October 1933, it was declared a city. After World War II it reached a population of more than 20,000 in 1950 and therefore received the status \"Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt\".\nFellbach has 3 main districts: Fellbach, Schmiden (since 1 January 1973) and Oeffingen (since 1 April 1974).", "Q1877077": "Luke James Steele (born 13 December 1979) is an Australian musician, singer and songwriter. Steele is the vocalist and primary songwriter of the alternative rock band The Sleepy Jackson and is a member of the electronic music duo Empire of the Sun.", "Q203453": "Westdeutscher Rundfunk K\u00f6ln (WDR, West German Broadcasting Cologne) is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne. WDR is a constituent member of the consortium of German public-broadcasting institutions, ARD. As well as contributing to the output of the national television channel Das Erste, WDR produces the regional television service WDR Fernsehen (formerly known as WDF and West3) and six regional radio networks.", "Q75593": "L'isola di Arturo (internationally released as Arturo's Island) is a 1962 Italian drama film directed by Damiano Damiani. It is based on the novel with the same name written by Elsa Morante. The film won the Golden Shell at the San Sebasti\u00e1n International Film Festival.", "Q1903090": "Martha Rosler (born 1943) is an American artist. She works in photography and photo text, video, installation, sculpture, and performance, as well as writing about art and culture. Rosler's work is centered on everyday life and the public sphere, often with an eye to women's experience. Recurrent concerns are the media and war, as well as architecture and the built environment, from housing and homelessness to places of passage and systems of transport.\n\n", "Q65780": "Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach (7 March 1795 \u2013 18 February 1877) was a conservative Prussian judge, politician, and editor. He was the son of Carl Friedrich Leopold von Gerlach and the brother of Ludwig Friedrich Leopold von Gerlach.\nGerlach was born in Berlin, Brandenburg. From 1813\u201315, he fought in the War of the Sixth Coalition, and later pursued a judicial career. Gerlach became Judge of the High Court, or Oberlandesgerichtsrat, in the city of Naumburg in 1823. In 1829, he became Agricultural and Municipal Court Director in Halle. By 1835, Gerlach was the Vice President of the Higher Regional Court in Frankfurt (Oder).\nDuring the revolutions of 1848, Gerlach was involved in the founding of the Neue Preussische Zeitung, a conservative newspaper. The paper became the main artery for the Prussian Conservative Party's ideas and opposed Otto von Bismarck's plans for German unification during the 1860s and 1870s.", "Q978633": "Alan Richard Michaels (born November 12, 1944) is an American television sportscaster.\nNow employed by NBC after nearly three decades (1976\u20132006) with ABC Sports, Michaels is known for his many years calling play-by-play of National Football League games, including nearly two decades with ABC's Monday Night Football and over a decade with NBC Sunday Night Football. He is also known for famous calls in other sports, including the Miracle on Ice at the 1980 Winter Olympics and the earthquake-interrupted Game 3 of the 1989 World Series. Michaels' move from ABC to NBC in 2006 was notable as it was part of an agreement between the two networks' parent companies, The Walt Disney Company and NBCUniversal, respectively, that allowed Disney to take ownership of the intellectual property of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit from NBCUniversal.", "Q948928": "Samuel Rosenthal (7 September 1837, Suwa\u0142ki, then Russian Empire \u2013 12 September 1902, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France) was a Polish-born French chess master. Chess historian Edward Winter wrote, \"He dedicated his life to chess-playing, touring, writing, teaching and analysing. Despite only occasional participation in first-class events, he scored victories over all the leading masters of the time (Anderssen, Blackburne, Chigorin, Mackenzie, Mason, Paulsen, Steinitz and Zukertort). He also acquired world renown as an unassuming showman who gave large simultaneous displays and blindfold s\u00e9ances, invariably producing a cluster of glittering moves.\"\nRosenthal became a law student and moved from Warsaw to Paris, during the Polish revolution in 1864, after the failure of the January Uprising. He settled in Paris as a chess professional and writer. In 1864, he lost a match to Ignatz von Kolisch (+1\u22127=0) in Paris. Rosenthal won the Caf\u00e9 de la R\u00e9gence championship in 1865, 1866, and 1867 in Paris, and became the strongest French chess player. In 1867, he took 9th in the Paris tournament (von Kolisch won), and lost a match to Gustav Neumann (+0\u22125=6) in Paris. In 1869, he lost two matches to Neumann (+1\u22123=1) and (+2\u22124=1). In July 1870, he tied for 8\u20139th in Baden-Baden. The event was won by Adolf Anderssen.\nBecause of the Franco Prussian War of 1870\u201371, Rosenthal went to London. In 1870/71, he won a match against John Wisker (+3\u22122=4).\nIn July\u2013August 1873, Rosenthal took 4th, behind Wilhelm Steinitz, Joseph Henry Blackburne, and Anderssen, in Vienna. In 1878, he tied for 7\u20138th in Paris (Johannes Zukertort and Szymon Winawer won). In 1880, he won in Paris the first unofficial French Chess Championship (ahead of Albert Clerc and Jules Arnous de Rivi\u00e8re). In 1880, he lost a match against Zukertort (+1\u22127=11) in London. In 1883, he took 8th in London (Zukertort won). In 1887, he tied for 5\u20137th in Frankfurt am Main (5th DSB-Congress, Hauptturnier, elim.).\nHis results were affected by his journalistic activities and bad health.\nFrom 1885 to 1902, he edited a chess column for the Le Monde Illustr\u00e9, and also wrote for La Strategie, La Vie Moderne, and other French newspapers. The American writers David Shenk and Joshua Wolf Shenk are descendants of Samuel Rosenthal.", "Q330933": "Michel Chiha (1891\u20131954) was a Lebanese banker, a politician, writer and journalist. Along with Charles Corm, Petro Trad and Omar Daouk, he is considered one of the fathers of the Lebanese Constitution. His ideas and actions have had an important influence on the shaping of the modern Lebanon.\n\n", "Q7036": "Br\u00fchl (pronounced [b\u0281y\u02d0l] (listen)) is a town in the Rhineland, Germany. It is located in the district of Rhine-Erft, 20 km south of the Cologne city center and at the edge of the Rhineland Nature Park, a famous nature reserve.", "Q862119": "William Arthur Gaither (April 21, 1910 \u2013 October 30, 1970), sometimes known as \"Little Bill\" Gaither or Leroy's Buddy, was an American blues guitarist and singer.", "Q985796": "Alfred S. Chuang (simplified Chinese: \u5e84\u601d\u6d69; traditional Chinese: \u838a\u601d\u6d69) is an American business technology executive. He is currently the CEO and founder of Magnet Systems, Inc.Chuang was part of the original Executive for BEA Systems founded by Bill Coleman, he later served as chairman, CEO and president of BEA Systems until it was purchased by Oracle in April 2008. Prior to founding BEA, Chuang worked at Sun Microsystems.\nChuang received a B.S. in computer science from the University of San Francisco and a master's degree in computer science with specialization in distributed data management from the University of California, Davis. His graduate thesis, \"Table-Tabular Data Objects and their Use in Table Editing\", remains one of California State Library's most frequently used reference materials on relational database development.Chuang is an alumnus of Wah Yan College, Hong Kong.\nSince 2008, Chuang has been the founder and CEO of a Mobile App Server startup called Magnet Systems, Inc. On April 27, 2011, Magnet Systems, Inc. received $12.6 million of financing in their Series A round from investment firm Andreessen Horowitz. In August 2012 Magnet received an extra $47 million in Series B funding from HTC and Andreessen Horowitz.", "Q398101": "T'Pau are an English pop group formed in Shrewsbury, Shropshire led by singer Carol Decker. They had a string of Top 40 hits in the UK in the late 1980s, most notably \"China in Your Hand\", \"Heart and Soul\" and \"Valentine\", and several hits in Europe, before disbanding in the early 1990s. Decker still performs under the name T'Pau at solo shows and 1980s nostalgia concerts, and in 2013 she reunited with original bandmember and co-songwriter Ronnie Rogers for a 25th anniversary UK tour.", "Q247211": "Jo\u00e3o Batista da Silva (born 8 March 1955 in Porto Alegre), commonly known as Batista, is a former Brazilian footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics and won a gold medal in football at the 1975 Pan American Games.", "Q162767": "Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (born 16 March 1956) is a Swiss politician and lawyer, and former member of the Swiss Federal Council from 2008 to 2015. She was the head of the Federal Department of Finance (the Swiss finance minister). She served as President of the Swiss Confederation for the year 2012.", "Q77384": "Jurij Koch (born 15 September 1936 in Horka, Upper Lusatia) is a Sorbian writer. He writes in both Sorbian languages as well as German.\nKoch's father worked in the nearby quarry, his mother worked several jobs at different farms. Jurij Koch went to school in Crostwitz, northern Czechoslovakia, Bautzen and Cottbus, and studied at the University of Leipzig.\nHe has worked as an editor and reporter.", "Q559506": "Lieutenant Commander Nicholas John Turney Monsarrat FRSL RNVR (22 March 1910 \u2013 8 August 1979) was a British novelist known today for his sea stories, particularly The Cruel Sea (1951) and Three Corvettes (1942\u201345), but perhaps best known internationally for his novels, The Tribe That Lost Its Head and its sequel, Richer Than All His Tribe.", "Q157": "Fran\u00e7ois G\u00e9rard Georges Nicolas Hollande (French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa \u0292e\u0281a\u0281 \u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 nik\u0254la \u0254l\u0251\u0303d] (listen); born 12 August 1954) is a French politician who served as President of France and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra from 2012 to 2017. He was previously the First Secretary of the Socialist Party from 1997 to 2008, Mayor of Tulle from 2001 to 2008, and President of the Corr\u00e8ze General Council from 2008 to 2012. Hollande also served in the National Assembly of France twice for the department of Corr\u00e8ze's 1st constituency from 1988 to 1993, and again from 1997 to 2012.\nBorn in Rouen and raised in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hollande began his political career as a special advisor to newly elected President Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand, before serving as a staffer for Max Gallo, the government's spokesman. He became a member of the National Assembly in 1988 and was elected First Secretary of the Socialist Party in 1997. Following the 2004 regional elections won by the Socialists, Hollande was cited as a potential presidential candidate, but resigned as First Secretary and was immediately elected to replace Jean-Pierre Dupont as President of the General Council of Corr\u00e8ze in 2008. In 2011, Hollande announced that he would be a candidate in the primary election to select the Socialist Party presidential nominee; he won the nomination and was elected President of France on 6 May 2012 during the second round of voting with 51.6% of the vote against incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy.\nDuring his tenure, Hollande legalised same-sex marriage by passing Bill no. 344, reformed labour laws and credit training programmes, withdrew French combat troops present in the Afghanistan military intervention and concluded a EU directive through a Franco-German contract. Hollande led the country through the January and November 2015 Paris attacks, as well as the 2016 Nice truck attack. He was a leading proponent of EU mandatory migrant quotas and NATO's 2011 military intervention in Libya. He also sent troops to Mali and the Central African Republic with the approval of the UN Security Council in order to stabilise those countries, two operations largely seen as successful. However, his support of the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen drew controversy among his left-wing electoral basis. Under his term, France also became the most toured country in the world, and known as a nation of open markets, regulatory efficiency, rule of law and limited governmental intervention. Paris hosted the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference and Hollande's efforts to attract the 2024 Summer Olympics to the city were successful.\nNotwithstanding, with unemployment up to 10% and domestic troubles over his tenure due to terrorism, he faced spikes and downturns in approval rates, ultimately making him the most unpopular French President under the Fifth Republic. On 1 December 2016, he announced he would not seek re-election in the 2017 French presidential election, for which polls announced his defeat in the first round.\n\n", "Q1195840": "One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e (One \uff5e\u8f1d\u304f\u5b63\u7bc0\u3078\uff5e, lit. One ~To the Radiant Season~) is a Japanese adult visual novel, developed by Tactics, a brand of Nexton, released on May 29, 1998 playable on Windows PCs. The erotic content was later removed when the game was ported to the PlayStation. The story follows the life of K\u014dhei Orihara, a high school student who has fun spending time with several girls about his age, while at the same time he is gradually being drawn into a mystical alternate space known as the Eternal World.\nThe gameplay in One follows a branching plot line which offers pre-determined scenarios with courses of interaction, and focuses on the appeal of the six female main characters by the player character. The game ranked several times in the national top 50 for best-selling PC games sold in Japan. A sequel loosely based on One titled One2: Eien no Yakusoku was produced by BaseSon, another brand under Nexton, and was released in April 2002.\nMuch of the staff that created the game later became the founding members of the visual novel brand Key. KSS produced a four-episode all ages original video animation (OVA) series between 2001 and 2002 titled One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e. Cherry Lips produced a three-episode adult OVA series between 2003 and 2004 titled One: True Stories. One: True Stories was later licensed for English language distribution by Media Blasters. Comic anthologies and four novels were also published, as were audio dramas.", "Q28858": "Heinrich Friedrich Ludwig Rellstab (13 April 1799 \u2013 27 November 1860) was a German poet and music critic. He was born and died in Berlin. He was the son of the music publisher and composer Johann Carl Friedrich Rellstab. An able pianist, he published articles in various periodicals, including the influential liberal Vossische Zeitung, and launched the music journal Iris im Gebiete der Tonkunst, which was published in Berlin from 1830 to 1841. His outspoken criticism of the influence in Berlin of Gaspare Spontini landed him in jail in 1837.Rellstab had considerable influence as a music critic and, because of this, had some power over what music could be used for German nationalistic purposes in the mid-nineteenth century. Because he had \"an effective monopoly on music criticism\" in Frankfurt and due to the popularity of his writings, Rellstab's approval would have been important for any musician's career in areas in which German nationalism was present.The first seven songs of Franz Schubert's Schwanengesang have words by Rellstab, who had left them in 1825 with Beethoven, whose assistant Anton Schindler passed them on to Schubert. His work was also set to music by Franz Liszt.He is also known to have given Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor, Op. 27/2, its famous nickname Moonlight Sonata.", "Q48174": "Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (; 64/62 BC \u2013 12 BC) was a Roman consul, statesman, general and architect. He was a close friend, son-in-law, and lieutenant to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus and was responsible for the construction of some of the most notable buildings in the history of Rome and for important military victories, most notably at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC against the forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra. As a result of these victories, Octavianus became the first Roman Emperor, adopting the name of Augustus. Agrippa assisted Augustus in making Rome \"a city of marble\" and renovating aqueducts to give all Romans, from every social class, access to the highest quality public services. He was responsible for the creation of many baths, porticoes and gardens, as well as the original Pantheon. Agrippa was also husband to Julia the Elder (who later married the second Emperor Tiberius), maternal grandfather to Caligula, and maternal great-grandfather to the Emperor Nero.", "Q67197": "B\u00fchler is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q172574": "Andy Linden (April 5, 1922 \u2013 February 10, 1987) was an American racecar driver from Brownsville, Pennsylvania. Having served as a US Marine, he raced with great success until a 1957 crash caused a piece of metal to break his helmet, causing career ending brain damage. He is also technically a former Formula One World Championship driver, as the Indianapolis 500 was part of the FIA World Championship from 1950 through 1960, meaning that drivers competing at Indy during those years were credited with World Championship points and participation. Linden thus participated in 7 World Championship races, accumulating a total of 5 championship points.", "Q241660": "Angie Stone (born Angela Laverne Brown; December 18, 1961) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer. She rose to fame in the late 1970s as member of the hip hop trio The Sequence. Soon after, Stone began working with futuristic rap group Mantronix and singer Lenny Kravitz. In the early 1990s, she became a member of the R&B trio Vertical Hold. In 1999, Stone released her solo debut Black Diamond on Arista Records, which was certified gold and spawned the R&B number-one hit \"No More Rain (In This Cloud)\". After transitioning to J Records, she released another gold-seller, Mahogany Soul (2001), which included the hit single \"Wish I Didn't Miss You\", followed by Stone Love (2004) and The Art of Love & War (2007), her first number-one album on the US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.Stone ventured into acting in the 2000s, making her film debut in the comedy film The Hot Chick (2002) and her stage debut in 2003, in the role of Big Mama Morton in the Broadway musical Chicago. She has since appeared in supporting roles in films and television series as well as several musical productions, including VH1\u2019s Celebrity Fit Club and TV One's R&B Divas, and movies such as The Fighting Temptations (2003), Pastor Brown (2009) and School Gyrls (2010). A three-time Grammy Award nominee, she has two Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards.", "Q380996": "Fast & Furious (alternatively known as Fast & Furious 4) is a 2009 action adventure film directed by Justin Lin and written by Chris Morgan. The fourth installment in the Fast & Furious franchise, it is a direct sequel to The Fast and the Furious (2001), and stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Michelle Rodriguez, Jordana Brewster, John Ortiz and Laz Alonso. Fast & Furious follows Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent Brian O'Conner (Walker) and Dominic Toretto (Diesel) who are forced to work together to avenge the murder of Toretto's lover Letty Ortiz (Rodriguez) and apprehend drug lord Arturo Braga (Ortiz).\nFast & Furious marked the first film in the series since the original installment, The Fast and the Furious, to feature the main cast. As a result, this spawned a shift within the series' chronological order, with developers setting Fast & Furious between the second and third installments, to account for their absences. Casting began in July 2007, after Universal Studios confirmed the returns of Walker and Diesel, while principal photography began in Los Angeles in February 2008, with the film being shot in California.Fast & Furious was released in the United States on April 3, 2009. The film set box office records for its opening-weekend and spring opening-weekend gross. It quickly became the highest-grossing film in the franchise and eventually grossed over $363 million worldwide. The film was also the 17th-highest-grossing film of 2009.\nDespite its commercial success, Fast & Furious received mixed reviews, with some critics singling out the performances of Diesel and Walker, and the film's soundtrack, but criticising the storyline and dialogue. A sequel, Fast Five, was released in April 2011 to box office success, surpassing Fast & Furious as the highest-grossing film in the franchise.", "Q60820": "Rolf Hochhuth (born 1 April 1931) is a German author and playwright. He is best known for his 1963 drama The Deputy, which insinuates Pope Pius XII's indifference to Hitler's extermination of the Jews, and he remains a controversial figure both for his plays and other public comments and for his 2005 defense of Holocaust denier David Irving.", "Q85112": "Bruno Pittermann (born 3 September 1905 in Vienna; died 19 September 1983 in Vienna) was an Austrian social democrat politician. He served as both the chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Austria from 1957 to 1967, and the Vice Chancellor of Austria from 1957 to 1966. From 1964 to 1976, he was president of the Socialist International.", "Q66289": "Lengwil is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q285144": "Johan B\u00fclow Wamberg (15 May 1786 \u2013 8 June 1852) was a Norwegian politician.\nHe was born in Hvideseid as the son of Nils Wamberg and his wife Sussanne Sophie Saxe. His father had migrated from Denmark to work as a district stipendiary magistrate. Johan B. Wamberg was to a large degree raised by politician and businessperson Niels Aall. He went on to found his own company in Skien. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1827, representing the constituency of Skien og Porsgrund. He served only one term.Around 1830 he was appointed chief customs surveyor in Farsund. He moved to Flekkefjord in 1841 and Kristianssand in 1842, where he stayed until his death.Wamberg married Hedvig J\u00f8rgine Flood, and the couple had eight children. After her death in 1840, Wamberg married Mathilde Petromine Cappelen. They had three children.", "Q226823": "Behind the Mask of Zorro or E Zorro cabalga otra vez is a 1965 Italian western film directed by Ricardo Blasco.", "Q2053589": "Helicon (Hebrew: \u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05df\u200e) is an Israeli record label.", "Q61280": "Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg (30 November 1802 \u2013 24 January 1872) was a German philosopher and philologist.\n\n", "Q10479": "Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, (born Catherine Elizabeth Middleton; 9 January 1982) is a member of the British royal family. Her husband, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, is expected to become king of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms, making Catherine a likely future queen consort.Catherine grew up in Chapel Row, a village near Newbury, Berkshire, England. She studied art history in Scotland at the University of St Andrews, where she met William in 2001. Their engagement was announced in November 2010. They married on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey. The couple's children, Prince George, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Louis of Cambridge, are third, fourth, and fifth in the line of succession to the British throne, respectively.The Duchess of Cambridge's charity works focus mainly on issues surrounding young children, addiction, and art. To encourage people to open up about their mental health issues, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry (now the Duke of Sussex) initiated the mental health awareness campaign \"Heads Together\" in April 2016. The media have called Catherine's impact on British and American fashion the \"Kate Middleton effect\". In 2012 and 2013, Time magazine selected her as one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World.", "Q973000": "Cornelius Vanderbilt \"Sonny\" Whitney (February 20, 1899 \u2013 December 13, 1992) was an American businessman, film producer, writer, philanthropist, polo player, and government official, as well as the owner of a stable of thoroughbred racehorses.", "Q313654": "Tomohisa Yamashita (\u5c71\u4e0b \u667a\u4e45, Yamashita Tomohisa, born April 9, 1985), also widely known as Yamapi (\u5c71P, YamaP), is a singer, actor, and TV host.Yamashita joined the Japanese talent agency Johnny & Associates as a trainee in 1996 (age 11) and made his small acting debut for NHK's Shonentachi (1998) and has been active on Japanese TV since then. Yamashita made his official CD debut as part of idol group NEWS in 2004 and later debuted as a soloist in 2006. He got his successful acting career after an interesting portrayal as Kusano Akira for the hit drama Nobuta Wo Produce (2005). His biggest break as an actor came in 2006 when he landed his first lead role for popular drama Kurosagi. On October 7, 2011, Johnny & Associates announced that Yamashita and Ryo Nishikido were no longer members of NEWS and Yamashita would be concentrating on his solo projects as actor and solo singer/idol. His solo music label was under Warner Music Japan until 2016. In mid-2018, Yamashita's music label moved to Sony Music Japan; however, Sony only managed Yamashita's music activities while his main career management remain under Johnny & Associates.\nYamashita widely known for his many popular dramas such as Nobuta Wo Produce, Kurosagi, Proposal Daisakusen, Buzzer Beat, Code Blue series, From Five To Nine 5-ji Kara 9-ji Made: Watashi ni Koi Shita Ob\u014dsan and more. His latest movie Code Blue the movie (2018) was the highest-grossing movie for the year 2018 and #5 for all the time highest-grossing live action movies in Japan.", "Q67829": "Salomon (also Salomo) Franck, 6 March 1659 \u2013 11 July 1725), was a German lawyer, scientist, and poet. Franck was working at Weimar at the same time as the composer Johann Sebastian Bach and he was the librettist of some of the best-known Bach cantatas.", "Q237090": "Marie-Madeleine Pioche de La Vergne, comtesse de La Fayette (baptized 18 March 1634 \u2013 25 May 1693), better known as Madame de La Fayette, was a French writer, the author of La Princesse de Cl\u00e8ves, France's first historical novel and one of the earliest novels in literature.", "Q860068": "Michael Aaron Einziger (born June 21, 1976) is a multiple Grammy-nominated American musician, songwriter, record producer, inventor and technology entrepreneur. He is best known for being co-founder and guitarist of the rock band, Incubus, and has also co-written, produced and collaborated with a wide array of artists including Pharrell Williams, Hans Zimmer, Skrillex, Tyler the Creator, Avicii, Damian Marley, Jason Schwartzman (Coconut Records) and Steve Martin among many others. Incubus has sold over 23 Million albums worldwide and in 2013, Einziger co-wrote the globally ubiquitous song Wake Me Up, alongside Avicii and Aloe Blacc. As a serial entrepreneur, Einziger is the Co-Founder & Co-Chairman of wireless technology platform, MIXhalo, and also the Co-Founder & CEO of biotechnology startup, Versicolor Technologies. Einziger received his education at Harvard University.", "Q295431": "Julian Patrick Barnes (born 19 January 1946) is an English writer. Barnes won the Man Booker Prize for his book The Sense of an Ending (2011), and three of his earlier books had been shortlisted for the Booker Prize: Flaubert's Parrot (1984), England, England (1998), and Arthur & George (2005). He has also written crime fiction under the pseudonym Dan Kavanagh. In addition to novels, Barnes has published collections of essays and short stories.\nIn 2004 he became a Commandeur of L'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. His honours also include the Somerset Maugham Award and the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize.", "Q241106": "Yoani Mar\u00eda S\u00e1nchez Cordero (born September 4, 1975) is a Cuban blogger who has achieved international fame and multiple international awards for her critical portrayal of life in Cuba under its current government.\nS\u00e1nchez attended primary school during the affluent time when the Soviet Union was providing considerable aid to Cuba. However, her high school and university education coincided with the loss of financial aid to Cuba following the Soviet Union's collapse, creating a highly public educational system and style of living that subsequently left S\u00e1nchez with a strong need for personal privacy. S\u00e1nchez's university education left her with two understandings; first, that she had acquired a disgust for \"high culture\", and second that she no longer had an interest in philology, her chosen field of university study.\nS\u00e1nchez, disillusioned with her home country, left Cuba for Switzerland in 2002, and it was during this time that she became interested in computer science. When she finally returned to Cuba, S\u00e1nchez helped to establish Contodos, a magazine that continues to act as a forum for Cuban free expression, and a vehicle for reporting news. S\u00e1nchez is best known for her blog, Generaci\u00f3n Y (Generation Y); which, despite censorship in Cuba, she is able to publish by e-mailing the blog entries to friends outside the country who then post them online. The blog is translated and available in 17 languages.\nTime magazine listed her as one of the world's 100 most influential people in 2008, stating that \"under the nose of a regime that has never tolerated dissent, S\u00e1nchez has practiced what paper-bound journalists in her country cannot; freedom of speech\". In November 2009, U.S. President Barack Obama, wrote that her blog \"provides the world a unique window into the realities of daily life in Cuba\" and applauded her efforts to \"empower fellow Cubans to express themselves through the use of technology\".\n\n", "Q122425": "Andrey Petrovich Zvyagintsev (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u0432\u044f\u0301\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, IPA: [\u02c8zv\u02b2\u00e6\u0261\u02b2\u026ants\u0268f]; born 6 February 1964) is a Russian film director and screenwriter. His film The Return (2003) won him a Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival. Following The Return, Zvyagintsev directed The Banishment and Elena (2011). His film Leviathan (2014) was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film in 2014 and won the Best Film award at the Asia Pacific Screen Awards. His most recent film Loveless won the Jury Prize at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival, and was among the nominees for Best Foreign Language Film at the 90th Academy Awards. He also won the Achievement in Directing award for this film at the 2017 Asia Pacific Screen Awards.", "Q2628": "Walter Ernst Paul Ulbricht (German: [\u02c8valt\u0250 \u02c8\u028alb\u0281\u026a\u00e7t]; 30 June 1893 \u2013 1 August 1973) was a German communist politician. Ulbricht played a leading role in the creation of the Weimar-era Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and later (after spending the years of Nazi rule in exile in France and the Soviet Union) in the early development and establishment of the German Democratic Republic in East Germany. As the First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party from 1950 to 1971, he was the chief decision maker in East Germany. From President Wilhelm Pieck's death in 1960 on, he was also the East German head of state until his own death in 1973.\nUlbricht began his political life during the German Empire, when he joined first the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 1912, the anti-World War I Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) in 1917 and deserted the Imperial German Army in 1918. He joined the Communist Party of Germany in 1920 and became a leading party functionary, serving in its Central Committee from 1923 onward. After the Nazi takeover of Germany in 1933, Ulbricht lived in Paris and Prague from 1933 to 1937 and in the Soviet Union from 1937 to 1945.\nAfter the end of World War II, Ulbricht re-organized the German Communist Party in the Soviet occupation zone along Stalinist lines. He played a key role in the forcible merger of the KPD and SPD into the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in 1946. He became the First Secretary of the SED and effective leader of the recently established East Germany in 1950. The Soviet Army occupation force violently suppressed the uprising of 1953 in East Germany on 17 June 1953, while Ulbricht hid in the Soviet Army headquarters in Berlin-Karlshorst. East Germany joined the Soviet-controlled Warsaw Pact upon its founding in 1955. Ulbricht presided over the total suppression of civil and political rights in the East German state, which functioned as communist dictatorship from its founding in 1949 onward.\nThe nationalization of East German industry under Ulbricht failed to raise the standard of living to a level comparable to that of West Germany. The result was massive emigration, with hundreds of thousands of people fleeing the country to the west every year in the 1950s. When Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev gave permission for a wall to stop the outflow in Berlin, Ulbricht had the Berlin Wall built in 1961, which triggered a diplomatic crisis and succeeded in curtailing emigration. The failures of Ulbricht's New Economic System and Economic System of Socialism from 1963 to 1970 led to his forcible retirement for \"health reasons\" and replacement as First Secretary in 1971 by Erich Honecker with Soviet approval. Ulbricht suffered a stroke and died in 1973.", "Q902821": "Bravo Two Zero is a 1999 two-hour television miniseries (broadcast in two parts between 3 and 4 January in the UK), based on the book of the same name by Andy McNab. The film covers real life events \u2013 from the perspective of Andy McNab, patrol commander of Bravo Two Zero, a British SAS patrol, tasked to find Iraqi Scud missile launchers during the Gulf War in 1991. The names of the patrol members killed were changed.\nA previous film about the patrol, The One That Got Away, based on the book of the same name by Chris Ryan, was broadcast in 1996.", "Q3417573": "Rahim Nizar Jaffer (Urdu: \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u200e; born December 15, 1971) is a former Canadian politician. He served in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2008, representing the Alberta riding of Edmonton\u2014Strathcona as a member of the Conservative Party. He was the first Muslim elected to the Canadian Parliament. Jaffer became embroiled in a national controversy in 2010 after he appeared to receive \"a break\" from the justice system after being charged with drunk driving and possession of cocaine.", "Q631": "Football Club Internazionale Milano, commonly referred to as Internazionale (pronounced [\u02ccinternattsjo\u02c8na\u02d0le]) or simply Inter, and known as Inter Milan outside Italy, is an Italian professional football club based in Milan, Lombardy. Inter is the only Italian club to have never been relegated from the top flight.\nFounded in 1908 following a schism within the Milan Cricket and Football Club (now A.C. Milan), Inter won its first championship in 1910. Since its formation, the club has won 30 domestic trophies, including 18 league titles, 7 Coppa Italia and 5 Supercoppa Italiana. From 2006 to 2010, the club won five successive league titles, equalling the all-time record at that time. They have won the Champions League three times: two back-to-back in 1964 and 1965 and then another in 2010. Their latest win completed an unprecedented Italian seasonal treble, with Inter winning the Coppa Italia and the Scudetto the same year. The club has also won three UEFA Cups, two Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup.\nInter's home games are played at the San Siro stadium, which they share with local rivals A.C. Milan. The stadium is the largest in Italian football with a capacity of 80,018. Matches between A.C. Milan and Inter, known as the Derby della Madonnina, are one of the most followed derbies in football. As of 2019, Inter has the highest home game attendance in Italy and the sixth hightest attendance in Europe. The club is one of the most valuable in Italian and world football.", "Q3384626": "Pierre Danon (born 1956) is a French entrepreneur. He currently sits on the board of directors of several companies in Europe. He is Chairman of SoLocal Group in Paris. He is also the Executive Chairman of Volia in Kiev, and Vice-Chairman of AgroGeneration in France.", "Q211731": "Timothy Francis Leary (October 22, 1920 \u2013 May 31, 1996) was an American psychologist and writer known for his strong advocacy of psychedelic drugs. Opinions of Leary are polarized, ranging from bold oracle to publicity hound. He was \"a hero of American consciousness,\" according to Allen Ginsberg, and Tom Robbins called him a \"brave neuronaut.\" But to Louis Menand, it was a put-on: \"The only things Leary was serious about were pleasure and renown.\" Leary was not a seeker of truth, according to Menand: \"He liked women, he liked being the center of attention, and he liked to get high.\"As a clinical psychologist at Harvard University, Leary worked on the Harvard Psilocybin Project from 1960\u201362 (LSD and psilocybin were still legal in the United States at the time), resulting in the Concord Prison Experiment and the Marsh Chapel Experiment. The scientific legitimacy and ethics of his research were questioned by other Harvard faculty because he took psychedelics along with research subjects and pressured students to join in. Leary and his colleague, Richard Alpert (who later became known as Ram Dass), were fired from Harvard University in May 1963. Most people first heard of psychedelics after the Harvard scandal.Leary believed that LSD showed potential for therapeutic use in psychiatry. He used LSD himself and developed a philosophy of mind expansion and personal truth through LSD. After leaving Harvard, he continued to publicly promote the use of psychedelic drugs and became a well-known figure of the counterculture of the 1960s. He popularized catchphrases that promoted his philosophy, such as \"turn on, tune in, drop out\", \"set and setting\", and \"think for yourself and question authority\". He also wrote and spoke frequently about transhumanist concepts of space migration, intelligence increase, and life extension (SMI\u00b2LE). Leary developed the eight-circuit model of consciousness in his book Exo-Psychology (1977) and gave lectures, occasionally billing himself as a \"performing philosopher\".During the 1960s and 1970s, he was arrested often enough to see the inside of 36 prisons worldwide. President Richard Nixon once described Leary as \"the most dangerous man in America\".", "Q16008": "Schwedt (or Schwedt/Oder; German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283ve\u02d0t]) is a town in northeastern Brandenburg, Germany. With the official status of a Gro\u00dfe kreisangeh\u00f6rige Stadt (major district town), it is the largest town of the Uckermark district, located near the Oder River close to the border with Poland.", "Q76924": "Karl-Theodor Maria Nikolaus Johann Jacob Philipp Franz Joseph Sylvester Buhl-Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (born 5 December 1971) is a German businessman and politician of the Christian Social Union (CSU). He served as a member of the Bundestag from 2002 to 2011, as Secretary-General of the CSU from 2008 to 2009, as Federal Minister for Economics and Technology in 2009 and as Federal Minister of Defence from 2009 to 2011.\nAfter the discovery of plagiarism in his doctoral dissertation and the decision of the University of Bayreuth to revoke his doctorate, an affair known as Guttenberg plagiarism scandal, he resigned from all political posts in March 2011.\nIn 2011, Guttenberg joined the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). Guttenberg is the chairman and a founder of Spitzberg Partners, an advisory and investment firm based in New York City. He returned to German politics during the 2017 federal election by making a speech which was widely described as a comeback.", "Q257764": "Lacey Nicole Sturm (n\u00e9e Mosley, previously Carder) is an American singer and songwriter born in Homestead, Florida and raised in Arlington, Texas. She is a co-founder and former lead vocalist of the hard rock band Flyleaf. In February 2016, Sturm became the first solo female to top the Billboard Hard Rock Albums chart with her debut release.\n\n", "Q269852": "Sharon Bezaly (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05e6\u05dc\u05d9\u200e; born 1972) is a flutist.\nBezaly was born in Israel, but lives presently in Sweden. She has been an international performer since 1997, when she began her solo flute career. She made her solo debut at 13 with Zubin Mehta and the Israel Philharmonic. Her flute was made by Muramatsu Flutes out of 24-carat gold.\n\n", "Q315225": "John Graham \"Mitch\" Mitchell (9 July 1946 \u2013 12 November 2008) was an English drummer and child actor, who was best known for his work in the Jimi Hendrix Experience. He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2009.", "Q172212": "Louis Douglas \"Doug\" Serrurier (9 December 1920 in Germiston \u2013 4 June 2006) was a racing driver and racing car constructor from South Africa. He participated in 3 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix in the 1960s, only racing in the South African Grand Prix event, debuting on 29 December 1962. He scored no championship points.", "Q69804": "Isone is a municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nIsone is mainly known for being the location of the grenadier school (Grenadierschule) of the Swiss Army. The Grenadiers are a division of the infantry corps, and have been trained in Isone since 1970. Prior to 1970, training had taken place in Losone.", "Q57732": "Bethuel Pakalitha Mosisili (born 14 March 1945) is a former Mosotho politician who retired in January 2019. He was Prime Minister of Lesotho from May 1998 to June 2012 and again from March 2015 to June 2017. He led the Lesotho Congress for Democracy (LCD), to a near-total victory in the 1998 election, and under his leadership the party also won majorities in the 2002 and 2007 elections. While serving as Prime Minister, Mosisili was also Minister of Defense.\nFollowing the snap election held on 28 February 2015, he managed to form and lead a coalition government. He was sworn in on 17 March 2015.", "Q58401": "Shijiazhuang (Chinese: \u77f3\u5bb6\u5e84, [\u0282\u027b\u0329\u030c.t\u0255j\u00e1.\u0288\u0282w\u00e1\u014b]) formerly known as Shimen and romanized as Shihkiachwang, is the capital and largest city of North China's Hebei Province. Administratively a prefecture-level city, it is about 266 kilometres (165 mi) southwest of Beijing, and it administers eight districts, two county-level cities, and 12 counties.\nAs of 2015 it had a total population of 10,701,600 with 4,303,700 in the central (or metro) area comprising the seven districts and the county of Zhengding largely conurbated with the Shijiazhuang metropolitan area as urbanization continues to proliferate. Shijiazhuang's total population ranked twelfth in mainland China.Shijiazhuang experienced dramatic growth after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The population of the metropolitan area has more than quadrupled in 30 years as a result of industrialization and infrastructural developments. From 2008 to 2011, Shijiazhuang implemented a three-year plan which concluded with the reorganization of the city resulting in an increase of green areas and new buildings and roads. A train station, airport and a subway system have been opened.Shijiazhuang is situated east of the Taihang Mountains, a mountain range extending over 400 km (250 mi) from north to south with an average elevation of 1,500 to 2,000 m (4,900 to 6,600 ft), making Shijiazhuang a place for hiking, outdoor trips, and cycling.", "Q2066254": "Something Is Out There is a 1988 American science fiction television miniseries that aired on NBC, and a weekly series that followed in the fall of 1988, which lasted from October to December 1988.", "Q7750": "Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 \u2013 16 September 1824), known as \"the Desired\" (le D\u00e9sir\u00e9), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a period in 1815 known as the Hundred Days. He spent twenty-three years in exile, from 1791 to 1814, during the French Revolution and the First French Empire, and again in 1815, during the period of the Hundred Days, upon the return of Napoleon I from Elba.\nUntil his accession to the throne of France, he held the title of Count of Provence as brother of King Louis XVI. On 21 September 1792, the National Convention abolished the monarchy and deposed Louis XVI, who was later executed by guillotine. When his young nephew Louis XVII died in prison in June 1795, the Count of Provence proclaimed himself (titular) king under the name Louis XVIII.Following the French Revolution and during the Napoleonic era, Louis XVIII lived in exile in Prussia, England, and Russia. When the Sixth Coalition finally defeated Napoleon in 1814, Louis XVIII was placed in what he, and the French royalists, considered his rightful position. However, Napoleon escaped from his exile in Elba and restored his French Empire. Louis XVIII fled, and a Seventh Coalition declared war on the French Empire, defeated Napoleon again, and again restored Louis XVIII to the French throne.\nLouis XVIII ruled as king for slightly less than a decade. The government of the Bourbon Restoration was a constitutional monarchy, unlike the Ancien R\u00e9gime, which was absolutist. As a constitutional monarch, Louis XVIII's royal prerogative was reduced substantially by the Charter of 1814, France's new constitution. Louis had no children, so upon his death the crown passed to his brother, Charles X. Louis XVIII was the last French monarch to die while still reigning, as Charles X (1824\u20131830) abdicated and both Louis Philippe I (1830\u20131848) and Napoleon III (1852\u20131870) were deposed.", "Q52892": "Leszno [\u02c8l\u025b\u0282n\u0254] (listen) (German: Lissa, between 1800 and 1918 also called Polnisch Lissa or Lissa in Posen) is a town in western Poland with 64,197 inhabitants (2017) and is the seventh-largest town in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. Since 1999 it is in the southern part of the new voivodeship. Previously it was the capital of the Leszno Voivodeship (1975\u20131998). The town has county status.", "Q1877705": "Lusine, formerly L'Usine, L'Usine ICL, and Lusine ICL, is the stage name of Jeff McIlwain, an ambient/IDM musician. A native Texan, McIlwain now resides in Seattle. In 1998, he attended California Institute of the Arts to study 20th century electronic music and sound design for music and film. Soon after, he met Shad Scott and put out a self-titled release with Isophlux.\nAccording to Andy Kellman of AllMusic,\n\n\"While there might be other producers who are more accomplished at making idyllic downtempo, or placid IDM, or abstract hip-hop, or haunting ambient techno, or blipping/skipping minimal house, few\u2014if any\u2014are capable of covering all of that ground with such sharp consistency on one disc.\"\nLusine is Armenian for moon. Lusine is also a common name in Armenia. L'usine is French for the factory.\n\n", "Q88350": "Eckart Peter Hans von Klaeden (born 18 November 1965 in Hanover, Lower Saxony) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union, serving as Minister of State at the German Chancellery since 28 October 2009 (after the German federal election, September 2009, Angela Merkel formed a black-yellow coalition and her Cabinet Merkel II).", "Q326837": "\u00c9lodie Yung (French pronunciation: \u200b[el\u0254di ju\u014b]; born 22 February 1981) is a French actress. She is best known for her role as Elektra Natchios in the second season of the Marvel Cinematic Universe Netflix series Daredevil and the Netflix miniseries The Defenders.", "Q4714703": "Alejandro Zaffaroni (February 27, 1923 \u2013 March 1, 2014) was a serial entrepreneur who was responsible for founding several biotechnology companies in Silicon Valley. Products that he was involved in developing include the birth control pill, the nicotine patch, corticosteroids, and the DNA microarray.", "Q1321": "Spanish ( (listen); espa\u00f1ol ), or Castilian ( (listen), castellano ), is a Romance language that originated in the Iberian Peninsula and today has over 483 million native speakers, mainly in Spain and the Americas. It is a global language, the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese, and the world's fourth-most spoken language, after English, Mandarin Chinese and Hindi.\nSpanish is a part of the Ibero-Romance group of languages, which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. The oldest Latin texts with traces of Spanish come from mid-northern Iberia in the 9th century, and the first systematic written use of the language happened in Toledo, a prominent city of the Kingdom of Castile, in the 13th century. Beginning in 1492, the Spanish language was taken to the viceroyalties of the Spanish Empire, most notably to the Americas, as well as territories in Africa, Oceania and the Philippines.A 1949 study by Italian-American linguist Mario Pei, analyzing the degree of difference from a language's parent (Latin, in the case of Romance languages) by comparing phonology, inflection, syntax, vocabulary, and intonation, indicated the following percentages (the higher the percentage, the greater the distance from Latin): In the case of Spanish, it is one of the closest Romance languages to Latin (20% distance), only behind Sardinian (8% distance) and Italian (12% distance). Around 75% of modern Spanish vocabulary is derived from Latin, including Latin borrowings from Ancient Greek.\nSpanish vocabulary has been in contact with Arabic from an early date, having developed during the Al-Andalus era in the Iberian Peninsula and around 8% of its vocabulary has an Arabic lexical root. It has also been influenced by Basque, Iberian, Celtiberian, Visigothic, and by neighboring Ibero-Romance languages. Additionally, it has absorbed vocabulary from other languages, particularly other Romance languages\u2014French, Italian, Andalusi Romance, Portuguese, Galician, Catalan, Occitan, and Sardinian\u2014as well as from Quechua, Nahuatl, and other indigenous languages of the Americas.Spanish is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. It is also used as an official language by the European Union, the Organization of American States, the Union of South American Nations, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, the African Union and many other international organizations.Despite its large number of speakers, the Spanish language does not feature prominently in scientific writing, though it is better represented in the humanities. 75% of scientific production in Spanish is divided into three thematic areas: social sciences, medical sciences and arts/humanities. Spanish is the third most used language on the internet after English and Chinese.", "Q107855": "Theodor Haubach (15 September 1896 in Frankfurt am Main \u2013 23 January 1945 in Berlin) was a German journalist, SPD politician, and resistance fighter against the Nazi r\u00e9gime.\nTheodor Haubach spent his childhood and youth in Darmstadt. In 1914, right after his Abitur, he took part in the First World War as a volunteer, and was wounded repeatedly. After the horror of his wartime experiences, Haubach resumed studying.\nFrom 1919 to 1923, he studied philosophy, sociology, and economics and eventually graduated. As of 1920, Haubach, like his friend Carlo Mierendorff, was an SPD member and worked together actively with the Young Socialists. From 1924 to 1929 he was editor of the newspaper Hamburger Echo, and later (1929-1933) an associate at the Reich Interior Ministry and with the Berlin Police President. From 1924 Haubach was the leading member of the Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold, an association that campaigned fiercely for the Weimar democracy and actively struggled under the emblem of the \"Three Arrows\" against the Nazis, who were grasping for power.\nBeginning in February 1933, Haubach, like many SPD members, was persecuted by the Nazi r\u00e9gime. After his first arrest in 1934, he was detained in Esterwegen concentration camp. From 1935, he worked as an insurance representative, and later established contacts with the Kreisau Circle. After the failed attempt on Hitler's life at the Wolf's Lair in East Prussia on 20 July 1944, Haubach was arrested and sentenced to death by the Nazi \"People's Court\" (Volksgerichtshof). Now very ill, Theodor Haubach was put to death on 23 January 1945 along with Helmuth James Graf von Moltke at Pl\u00f6tzensee Prison in Berlin.", "Q658878": "Carnivore is an American heavy metal band from Brooklyn, New York, United States, founded by singer and bassist Peter Steele, and was formed out of the breakup of the Brooklyn metal group Fallout in 1983.", "Q45336": "Konrad Bayer (17 December 1932 \u2013 October 1964) was an Austrian writer and poet. A member of the Wiener Gruppe, he combined apparently irreconcilable elements\u2014violence, hermeticism, pessimism, ecstasy, banality\u2014and influences (dadaism, surrealism, pataphysics, Wittgenstein, Stirner, Sade et al.)\u2014into a bizarre linguistic solipsism which has held increasing fascination for German writers of the last few decades. His most important works are the novels Der Kopf des Vitus Bering (The Head of Vitus Bering) and Der sechste Sinn (The Sixth Sense), published posthumously in 1965 and 1966, respectively. Bayer committed suicide in October 1964 at the age of 32.\nBernd Alois Zimmermann included his poetry in his Requiem f\u00fcr einen jungen Dichter (Requiem for a Young Poet), completed in 1969.", "Q5338337": "The Edirnekap\u0131 Martyr's Cemetery (Turkish: Edirnekap\u0131 \u015eehitli\u011fi), one of the largest burial ground of Istanbul, Turkey, is located in the neighborhood of Edirnekap\u0131 of Ey\u00fcp district, in the European part of the city. It consists of an old, historical part and a modern one. War graves of fallen Ottoman soldiers during the Balkan Wars, the Gallipoli campaign of World War I, graves of the Turkish Armed Forces military personnel and law enforcement officials, firefighters, Turkish Airlines personnel are part of the cemetery.", "Q1517478": "The Pontifical Xavierian University (in Spanish Pontificia Universidad Javeriana) is a private higher education institution founded in 1623. It is one of the oldest, most traditional, and prestigious Colombian universities, directed by the Society of Jesus, with its main facilities in Bogot\u00e1 and a second campus in Cali. \"La Javeriana\", as it is known by its students, has traditionally educated the Colombian elite. It is one of the 33 universities entrusted to the Society of Jesus in Latin America and one of 167 around the world.The Javeriana University in Bogot\u00e1 has 18 schools comprising 61 departments and 181 academic programs catering to areas of knowledge, giving the university its multidisciplinary nature. It has 45 buildings in 445 acres (1.80 km2). The Javeriana University in Cali offers 18 schools in four faculties. It is located in Pance, Cali. Its Law School recently received a high-quality accreditation by Resolution 6808 6 August 2010, of the Ministry of National Education. The campus in Cali has sectional divisions of the Bolsa de Valores de Colombia (BVC), Temple University's Fox School of Business, and others.The University is one of the twelve universities in Colombia having a high-quality institutional accreditation, granted to it for eight years by Resolution 1320, 12 June 2003, of the Ministry of National Education.The university has 21 undergraduate programs with high-quality accreditation, and eight programs in advanced stages of the accreditation process. In graduate programs, quality is acknowledged through the Qualified Registries. The university has 87 graduate programs with Qualified Registries and has presented another 29 to these processes. In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings Javeriana is ranked in the 501 to 600 range worldwide.", "Q33076497": "Giovanni Gil, also known as Hector Giovanni Gil Portillo (San Salvador, December 19, 1971) is a plastic artist and one of the greatest exhibitors of Engraving in El Salvador. He is the founder and director of the projects So\u00f1ar al Rev\u00e9s [Dreaming Backwards] and Bajo Presi\u00f3n [Under Pressure] and is the winner of the Silver Medal at the Salon of Contemporary Art El Salvador-\nJap\u00f3n.", "Q2381477": "Russian State Institute of Performing Arts (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432) is a theatre school in Saint Petersburg. Established in 1779, it is the oldest and largest institution of its kind in Russia.", "Q59737": "Jan Kochanowski (Polish: [\u02c8jan k\u0254xa\u02c8n\u0254fsk\u02b2i]; 1530 \u2013 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who established poetic patterns that would become integral to the Polish literary language.\nHe is commonly regarded as the greatest Polish poet before Adam Mickiewicz, and the greatest Slavic poet prior to the 19th century.", "Q548345": "John Henry O'Hara (January 31, 1905 \u2013 April 11, 1970) was an American writer who earned his early literary reputation for short stories and became a best-selling novelist before the age of 30 with Appointment in Samarra and BUtterfield 8. His work stands out among that of contemporaries for its unvarnished realism. While O'Hara's legacy as a writer is debated, his champions rank him highly among the under-appreciated and unjustly neglected major American writers of the 20th century. Few college students educated after O'Hara's death in 1970 have discovered him, chiefly because he refused to allow his work to be reprinted in anthologies used to teach literature at the college level.\n\"O\u2019Hara may not have been the best story writer of the twentieth century, but he is the most addictive,\" wrote Lorin Stein, editor-in-chief of the Paris Review, in a 2013 appreciation of O'Hara's work. Stein added, \"You can binge on his collections the way some people binge on Mad Men, and for some of the same reasons. On the topics of class, sex, and alcohol\u2014that is, the topics that mattered to him\u2014his novels amount to a secret history of American life.\" Five of O'Hara's works were adapted into popular films in the 1950s and 1960s. However, even during his lifetime, O'Hara damaged his literary reputation with his outsized and easily bruised ego, alcoholic crankiness, long-held resentments, and politically conservative views. John Updike, a fan of O'Hara's writing, said that the prolific author \"out-produced our capacity for appreciation; maybe now we can settle down and marvel at him all over again.\"", "Q434932": "Jacques-Victor-Albert, 4th duc de Broglie (French: [alb\u025b\u0281 d\u0259 b\u0281\u0254j, - b\u0281\u0153j]; 13 June 1821 \u2013 19 January 1901) was a French monarchist politician, diplomat and writer (of historical works and translations).\nBroglie was briefly Prime Minister of France, from May 1873 to May 1874.", "Q49524": "Kana Hanazawa (\u82b1\u6fa4 \u9999\u83dc, Hanazawa Kana, born February 25, 1989) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer. She is best known for her voice performances in anime, which include Nadeko Sengoku in Monogatari, Anri Sonohara in Durarara!!, Angel / Kanade Tachibana in Angel Beats!, Kuroneko / Ruri Gok\u014d in Oreimo, Mayuri Shiina in Steins;Gate, Akane Tsunemori in Psycho-Pass, Natsume Tsuchimikado in Tokyo Ravens, Kosaki Onodera in Nisekoi, Rize Kamishiro in Tokyo Ghoul, Hinata Kawamoto in March Comes in Like a Lion, Shirase Kobuchizawa in A Place Further than the Universe, and Ichika Nakano in The Quintessential Quintuplets. Her debut single, \"Hoshizora Destination\" (\u661f\u7a7a\u2606\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30cd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3), was released on April 25, 2012 under the Aniplex/Sony Music Entertainment Japan label. She is represented by the Office Osawa talent agency.", "Q372296": "James David Greenblatt (born January 2, 1967), best known as James Marshall, is an American actor, known for playing the character James Hurley in the cult television series Twin Peaks (1990\u20131991), its 1992 prequel film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me, and its 2017 revival, and for his role as Private Louden Downey in A Few Good Men (1992).", "Q92320": "Marie-Luise Marjan (given name: Marlies Lause, born 9 August 1940 in Essen) is a German actress.Marie-Luise Marjan is best known for her role as Helga Beimer in the German Television Series Lindenstra\u00dfe (created by Hans W. Gei\u00dfend\u00f6rfer in 1985). She was the heroine in Wolfgang Petersen's drama Smog (1973) and has also played in films by Werner Schroeter (Palermo or Wolfsburg, Day of the Idiots) and Rainer Werner Fassbinder (Berlin Alexanderplatz). In the German Version of Murder, She Wrote, Immer wenn sie Krimis liest (1994), she has portrayed a detective, Anita De Winter, like Angela Lansbury. She played herself in the 1995 TV special Entf\u00fchrung aus der Lindenstra\u00dfe. In Shrek 2 and Shrek 3 Marie-Luise Marjan is the German voice of Queen Lilian (Julie Andrews).\nIn 2010, she was presented with the Cross of Merit, First class of the Federal Cross of Merit. She studied acting with Eduard Marks at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater Hamburg.", "Q7894738": "University High School Charter, commonly known as \"Uni\", is a public secondary school, built 1923-1924, and founded 1924, located in West Los Angeles, a district in Los Angeles, California, near the border with Santa Monica. University High is part of the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD). The campus also holds Indian Springs Continuation High School. The school contains the Serra Springs, a sacred site of the Tongva\u2013Gabriele\u00f1o native people and a registered California Historical Landmark.\n\n", "Q3166627": "Jean-Louis Beffa (born 11 August 1941 in Nice, France) is a French businessman. He was the chair and CEO of Saint-Gobain, he is now the Chairman of the board of Saint-Gobain, and a former member of the Saint-Simon Foundation think-tank. \nHe is on the board of BNP Paribas, GDF Suez, Groupe Bruxelles Lambert, Siemens AG, Le Monde S.A., Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Editrice du Monde S.A., and Le Monde Partenaires SAS.\nIn 2000, he and Nobel economist Robert Solow co-founded the Saint-Gobain Centre for Economic Studies, later becoming the Cournot Centre. They went on to create the Cournot Foundation in 2010 under the aegis of the public charity Fondation de France, currently serving as co-presidents.", "Q229286": "Jeanne d'Albret (Basque: Joana Albretekoa; Occitan: Joana de Labrit; 16 November 1528 \u2013 9 June 1572), also known as Jeanne III, was the queen regnant of Navarre from 1555 to 1572. She married Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vend\u00f4me, becoming the Duchess of Vend\u00f4me and was the mother of Henri de Bourbon, who became King Henry III of Navarre and IV of France, the first Bourbon king of France.\nJeanne was the acknowledged spiritual and political leader of the French Huguenot movement, and a key figure in the French Wars of Religion. After her public conversion to Calvinism in 1560, she joined the Huguenot side. During the first and second war she remained relatively neutral, but in the third war she fled to La Rochelle, becoming the de facto leader of the Huguenot-controlled city. After negotiating a peace treaty with Catherine de' Medici and arranging the marriage of her son, Henry, to Catherine's daughter, Marguerite de Valois, she died suddenly in Paris.\nJeanne was the last active ruler of Navarre. Her son inherited her kingdom, but as he was constantly leading the Huguenot forces, he entrusted the government of B\u00e9arn to his sister, Catherine de Bourbon, who held the regency for more than two decades. In 1620, Jeanne's grandson Louis XIII annexed Navarre to the French crown.", "Q4271": "Mark Allan Hoppus (born March 15, 1972) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and former television personality best known as the bassist and co-lead vocalist of the rock band blink-182, as well as part of synth-pop duo Simple Creatures with All Time Low's Alex Gaskarth.\nBorn in Ridgecrest, California, Hoppus spent his childhood moving back and forth between his mother and father's houses, as they divorced when he was in third grade. He became interested in skateboarding and punk rock in junior high and received a bass guitar from his father at the age of fifteen. After moving to San Diego in 1992, Hoppus's sister introduced him to Tom DeLonge, and together with drummer Scott Raynor, they formed the band Blink-182. In 2015, Hoppus became the last remaining original member of the group.\nBlink-182 produced several rock recordings and toured exhaustively before signing to major label MCA to co-distribute their sophomore effort, 1997's Dude Ranch, which featured the Hoppus-penned hit \"Dammit\". After replacing Raynor with Travis Barker, the trio recorded Enema of the State (1999), which launched the band into multiplatinum success. Two more records followed\u2014the heavier Take Off Your Pants and Jacket (2001) and the more experimental untitled album (2003)\u2014before the band split in 2005 following internal tension. Hoppus continued playing with Barker in +44 in the late 2000s. Blink-182 subsequently reunited in 2009 and continue to record and tour worldwide.\nAside from his musical career, Hoppus has had multiple successes behind the recording console, producing records for groups such as Idiot Pilot, New Found Glory, The Matches, Motion City Soundtrack, and PAWS. He has previously co-owned two companies, Atticus and Macbeth Footwear, and has begun a clothing line named Hi My Name is Mark. Hoppus hosted a weekly podcast in 2005 through 2006, which returned in 2015, and he hosted his own television talk show, Hoppus on Music, from 2010 to 2012 on Fuse.", "Q102905": "Elisabeth Borchers (27 February 1926 \u2013 25 September 2013) was a German writer and poet.", "Q85884": "Karl Theodor Otto Christian August Bayrhoffer (14 October 1812, in Marburg \u2013 3 February 1888) was a German American philosopher, free-thinker, and publicist.\nIn 1834 he received his PhD from the University of Marburg, where he later became a professor of philosophy. In 1847 he founded the free-religious movement in Marburg. He became a member of the Diet of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) in 1848 and in 1850 was President of the Chamber. After impeachment and the defeat of his party, he was imprisoned for a time before emigrating to the United States. and settling in Wisconsin as a farmer. When his sons became old enough to manage the farm, he returned to his writing.\nIn his early writings, notably in Die Idee und Geschichte der Philosophie (\"Idea and History of Philosophy\", 1838), he appears as a zealous disciple of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Afterward he became a champion of German Catholicism and wrote Researches into the Essence, History, and Criticism of Religion (1849).", "Q128646": "2 Days in Paris is a 2007 Franco-German romantic comedy-drama film written, produced, and directed by Julie Delpy, who also edited the film, composed the soundtrack and played the leading female role. The film also stars Adam Goldberg and Daniel Br\u00fchl. It was followed by the 2012 sequel 2 Days in New York.", "Q401989": "Ahmet \u00d6zhan (Turkish pronunciation: [ahmet \u0153zhan], born August 26, 1950) is a prominent Turkish classic music singer, conductor, and actor.", "Q32196": "Katarina Ivanovska (Macedonian: \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430; born 18 August 1988) is a Macedonian model and actress. She began her modeling career in 2004, appearing at Milan Fashion Week after winning the Look Models International model search in North Macedonia. In December, 2004, she appeared in a pictorial for Elle magazine and has also appeared in Citizen K, Stiletto and the Italian and Russian Vogue. She has been featured on the covers of Diva and M\u00e1xima magazines and in advertisements for D&G in 2006. She is considered the most successful Macedonian model. In 2010, Ivanovska appeared in Serbian Elle magazine. In 2011 she signed a contract for advertising Victoria's Secret products.", "Q280772": "Scorpion is a 2007 French action drama film directed by Julien Seri.", "Q1309": "Maastricht (, also US: , Dutch: [ma\u02d0\u02c8str\u026axt] (listen); Limburgish (incl. Maastrichtian): Mestreech [m\u0259\u02c8st\u0280e\u02d1x]; French: Maestricht (archaic); Spanish: Mastrique (archaic)) is a city and a municipality in the southeast of the Netherlands. It is the capital and largest city of the province of Limburg. Maastricht is located on both sides of the Meuse (Dutch: Maas), at the point where the Jeker joins it. It is adjacent to the border with Belgium.\nMaastricht developed from a Roman settlement to a medieval religious centre. In the 16th century it became a garrison town and in the 19th century an early industrial city. Today, the city is a thriving cultural and regional hub. It became well known through the Maastricht Treaty and as the birthplace of the euro. Maastricht has 1677 national heritage buildings (Rijksmonumenten), the second highest number in the Netherlands, after Amsterdam. The city is visited by tourists for shopping and recreation, and has a large international student population. Maastricht is a member of the Most Ancient European Towns Network and is part of the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion, which includes the nearby German and Belgian cities of Aachen, Eupen, Hasselt, Li\u00e8ge, and Tongeren. The Meuse-Rhine Euroregion is a metropolis with a population of about 3.9 million with several international universities.", "Q2305987": "Structural engineers analyse, design, plan, and research structural components and structural systems to achieve design goals and ensure the safety and comfort of users or occupants. Their work takes account mainly of safety, technical, economic and environmental concerns, but they may also consider aesthetic and social factors.\nStructural engineering is usually considered a specialty discipline within civil engineering, but it can also be studied in its own right. In the United States, most practicing structural engineers are currently licensed as civil engineers, but the situation varies from state to state. Some states have a separate license for structural engineers which is required to design special or high risk structures such as schools, hospitals, or skyscrapers. In the United Kingdom, most structural engineers in the building industry are members of the Institution of Structural Engineers or the Institution of Civil Engineers.\nTypical structures designed by a structural engineer include buildings, towers, stadia and bridges. Other structures such as oil rigs, space satellites, aircraft and ships may also be designed by a structural engineer. Most structural engineers are employed in the construction industry, however there are also structural engineers in the aerospace, automobile and shipbuilding industries. In the construction industry, they work closely with architects, civil engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, quantity surveyors, and construction managers.\nStructural engineers ensure that buildings and bridges are built to be strong enough and stable enough to resist all appropriate structural loads (e.g., gravity, wind, snow, rain, seismic (earthquake), earth pressure, temperature, and traffic) in order to prevent or reduce loss of life or injury. They also design structures to be stiff enough to not deflect or vibrate beyond acceptable limits. Human comfort is an issue that is regularly considered in the limits. Fatigue is also an important consideration for bridges and for aircraft design or for other structures which experience many stress cycles over their lifetimes. Consideration is also given to durability of materials against possible deterioration which may impair performance over the design lifetime.\n\n", "Q692181": "Valeria Montaldi (born Milan, Italy) is an Italian journalist and writer.Montaldi earned a degree in History of art criticism. After about twenty years of journalism dedicated to the art, cultural places and people in Milan, in 2001 she published her first novel, The Wool Merchant (Piemme), immediately acclaimed by both public and critics. The book received three prizes: the Premio Ostia Mare in Rome, the Premio Citt\u00e0 di Cuneo, and the Premio Frignano. The Wool Merchant was followed in 2003 by The Lord of the Hawk (Piemme), and in 2006 by The English Monk (Rizzoli): both were selected for the Premio Bancarella. The Emperor's Manuscript is her latest novel, scheduled for release in September 2008.\nMontaldi's stories take place in the mid-13th century, and move from the castles in Val d'Aosta to the streets of Milan, from the woods of Lombard county to the Mark of Treviso. She works aristocrats, commoners, monks, heretics, merchants, soldiers, witches, and inquisitors into her narrative.\nMontaldi lives and works in Milan.", "Q483020": "Paris Saint-Germain Football Club (French pronunciation: \u200b[pa\u0281i s\u025b\u0303 \u0292\u025b\u0281m\u025b\u0303]), commonly referred to as Paris Saint-Germain, Paris SG, or simply Paris or PSG, is a French professional football club based in Paris. Founded in 1970, the club has traditionally worn red, blue and white kits. PSG has played their home matches in the 47,929-capacity Parc des Princes, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, since 1974. The club plays in the highest tier of French football, Ligue 1.The Parisian club established itself as a major force in France, and one of the major forces of European football in the 2010s. PSG have won 40 titles, making it the most successful French club in history by this measure. PSG are also the club with most consecutive seasons playing in the top-flight (they have been 45 seasons in Ligue 1 since 1974), one of only two French clubs to have won a major European title, the most popular football club in France, and one of the most widely supported teams in the world.Domestically, the Parisians have won eight Ligue 1 titles, a record twelve Coupe de France, a record eight Coupe de la Ligue, and a record nine Troph\u00e9e des Champions titles. In European football, they have won one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and one UEFA Intertoto Cup. The capital club has also won one Ligue 2, regarded as a minor official title. PSG have a long-standing rivalry with Olympique de Marseille. The duo contest French football's most notorious match, known as Le Classique.The State of Qatar, through its shareholding organisation Qatar Sports Investments (QSI), has been the club's owner since 2011. The takeover made Paris Saint-Germain the richest club in France and one of the wealthiest in the world. As of the 2018\u201319 season, PSG have the fifth-highest revenue in the footballing world with an annual revenue of \u20ac636m according to Deloitte, and are the world's eleventh most valuable football club, worth \u20ac825m according to Forbes.", "Q214661": "Dame Vera Stephanie \"Steve\" Shirley (n\u00e9e Buchthal; born 16 September 1933) is a British information technology pioneer, businesswoman and philanthropist.", "Q1037205": "Carl Robert Butler, known professionally as Carl Butler, (June 2, 1927 \u2013 September 4, 1992) was an American country music singer-songwriter and one half of the husband-and-wife duo Carl and Pearl Butler. Carl and Pearl Butler had one of the biggest-selling singles of 1962, \"Don't Let Me Cross Over\". A later single, \"Too Late to Try Again\", hit No. 9 on the country charts in 1964 for them, while the B side, \"My Tears Don't Show\", crept up to No. 36. Butler wrote those 2 songs and also \"If Tear Drops Were Pennies\" (twice a top ten country hit \u2013 Carl Smith in 1951 and Dolly Parton and Porter Wagoner in 1973 \u2013 and also a minor hit (#21) on the pop charts for Rosemary Clooney in 1951) and \"Crying My Heart Out Over You\" (written with Lester Flatt, Earl Scruggs, and Earl Sherry, the song charted for Flatt and Scruggs in 1960, but is best known from the 1982 Ricky Scaggs version, which hit #1).\n\n", "Q310375": "Kunal Nayyar (, kuu-NAHL NY-\u0259r; born 30 April 1981) is a British-Indian actor known for portraying Raj Koothrappali on the sitcom The Big Bang Theory (2007\u20132019). Forbes listed Nayyar as the world's third-highest-paid TV actor in 2015 and 2018, with earnings of US$20 million and $23.5 million, respectively.", "Q157092": "Louis II (Czech: Ludv\u00edk, Croatian: Ludovik, Hungarian: Lajos, Slovak: \u013dudov\u00edt; 1 July 1506 \u2013 29 August 1526) was King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia from 1516 to 1526. He was killed during the Battle of Moh\u00e1cs fighting the Ottomans, whose victory led to the Ottoman annexation of Hungary. He had no legitimate issue.", "Q382171": "Blum Affair (German: Affaire Blum) is an East German drama film directed by Erich Engel. It was released in 1948. A German Jewish industrialist is tried for murder. It is based on a real 1926 case in Magdeburg.", "Q357980": "Elin Pelin (Bulgarian: \u0415\u043b\u0438\u043d \u041f\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d) (8 July 1877 \u2013 3 December 1949), born Dimitar Ivanov Stoyanov (Bulgarian: \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432) is arguably considered Bulgaria\u2019s best narrator of country life.", "Q121662": "Dr. Michael E. Dreher, also known as Mike Dreher, is a right-wing Swiss politician, and founder of the Freedom Party of Switzerland (originally \"Motorist Party\", German: Auto-Partei). He holds an MBA from University of St. Gallen and was an MP from 1987\u20131999.\n\n", "Q86433": "Hans Adolf Erdmann von Auerswald (1792 \u2013 September 18, 1848) was a Prussian general and politician.", "Q3175883": "Jeanette Jo Epps (born November 3, 1970) is an American aerospace engineer and NASA astronaut.\n\n", "Q262091": "Rachel Ticotin (born November 1, 1958) is an American film and television actress. She has appeared in films such as Fort Apache, The Bronx; Total Recall, Falling Down, and Con Air. She has appeared in the NBC legal drama Law & Order: Los Angeles as Lt. Arleen Gonzales, and guest starred in the \"Warriors\" episode of Blue Bloods in 2013 (season 3, episode 15), appearing as \"Carmen Castillo\".", "Q90251": "Friedrich Haase (1 November 1827 \u2013 17 March 1911) was a prominent German actor and theatre director. He was born in Berlin, the son of a valet to King Frederick William IV, who was his godfather.", "Q636637": "Vladimir Dedijer (4 February 1914 \u2013 30 November 1990) was a Yugoslav partisan fighter during World War II who became known as a politician, human rights activist, and historian. In the early postwar years, he represented Yugoslavia at the United Nations and was a senior government official. \nLater, after being at cross purposes with the government, he concentrated on his academic career as a historian. He taught at the University of Belgrade and also served as a visiting professor at several universities in the United States and Europe. He participated in the Bertrand Russell International Tribune on War Crimes in 1967, reviewing United States forces activities in Vietnam, and in later tribunes.", "Q348678": "The Women is a 1939 American comedy-drama film directed by George Cukor. The film is based on Clare Boothe Luce's play of the same name, and was adapted for the screen by Anita Loos and Jane Murfin, who had to make the film acceptable for the Production Code for it to be released.\nThe film stars Norma Shearer, Joan Crawford, Rosalind Russell, Paulette Goddard, Joan Fontaine, Lucile Watson, Mary Boland, Florence Nash, and Virginia Grey, as well as Marjorie Main and Phyllis Povah, the last two of whom reprised their stage roles from the play. Ruth Hussey, Virginia Weidler, Butterfly McQueen, and Hedda Hopper also appeared in smaller roles. Fontaine was the last surviving actress with a credited role in the film; she died in 2013. \nThe film continued the play's all-female tradition\u2014the entire cast of more than 130 speaking roles was female. Set in the glamorous Manhattan apartments of high society evoked by Cedric Gibbons, and in Reno, Nevada, where they obtain their divorces, it presents an acidic commentary on the pampered lives and power struggles of various rich, bored wives and other women they come into contact with.\nThroughout The Women, not a single male is seen \u2014 although the males are much talked about, and the central theme is the women's relationships with them. Lesbianism is intimated in the portrayal of only one character, Nancy Blake (\"I am an old maid, a frozen asset.\"). The attention to detail was such that even in props such as portraits, only female figures are represented, and several animals which appeared as pets were also female. The only exceptions are a poster-drawing clearly of a bull in the fashion show segment, a framed portrait of Stephen Haines as a boy, a figurine on Mary's night stand, and an ad on the back of the magazine Peggy reads at Mary's house before lunch.\nFilmed in black and white, it includes a 6-minute fashion parade filmed in Technicolor, featuring Adrian's most outr\u00e9 designs; often cut in modern screenings, it has been restored by Turner Classic Movies. On DVD, the original black-and-white fashion show, which is a different take, is available for the first time.", "Q429963": "Timothy Lee Reid (born December 19, 1944) is an American actor and film director best known for his roles in prime time American television programs, such as Venus Flytrap on WKRP in Cincinnati (1978\u201382), Marcel \"Downtown\" Brown on Simon & Simon (1983\u201387), Ray Campbell on Sister, Sister (1994\u201399) and William Barnett on That '70s Show (2004\u201306). Reid starred in a CBS series, Frank's Place, as a professor who inherits a Louisiana restaurant. Reid is the founder and president of Legacy Media Institute, a non-profit organization \"dedicated to bringing together leading professionals in the film and television industry, outstanding actors, and young men and women who wish to pursue a career in the entertainment media\".", "Q1249005": "The University of Dundee (abbreviated as Dund. for post-nominals) is a public research university in Dundee, Scotland. Founded in 1881 the institution was, for most of its early existence, a constituent college of the University of St Andrews alongside United College and St Mary's College located in the town of St Andrews itself. Following significant expansion, the University of Dundee gained independent university status in 1967 while retaining much of its ancient heritage and governance structure.\nThe main campus of the university is located in Dundee's West End which contains many of the university's teaching and research facilities; the Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design, Dundee Law School and the Dundee Dental Hospital and School. The university has additional facilities at Ninewells Hospital, containing its school of medicine; Perth Royal Infirmary, which houses a clinical research centre; and in Kirkcaldy, Fife, containing part of its school of nursing and health sciences. The annual income of the institution for 2017\u201318 was \u00a3246.2 million of which \u00a374 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3255.2 million.It is ranked within the top 300 universities in the world and within the top 40 in the UK by national university rankings.", "Q215219": "Joanna No\u00eblle Levesque (born December 20, 1990), known professionally as JoJo, is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Raised in Foxborough, Massachusetts, she began performing in singing competitions and local talent shows from a young age. In 2003, Record producer Vincent Herbert noticed her after she competed on the television show America's Most Talented Kids and asked her to audition for his record label Blackground Records. Having signed with them that same year, JoJo released her eponymous debut studio album the following year in June 2004. It peaked at number four on the US Billboard 200 and was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), selling over four million copies worldwide to date.With her debut single \"Leave (Get Out)\", peaking atop the US Billboard Pop songs chart, JoJo became the youngest solo artist in history to top the chart at age 13. The song peaked at 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified gold by the RIAA along with its follow-up single \u201cBaby It\u2019s You\u201d. Her second studio album The High Road (2006) spawned her first top 5 Billboard Hot 100 hit \"Too Little Too Late\", peaking at number three, becoming her first single to be certified platinum by the RIAA. The album was later certified gold, selling over three million copies worldwide to date. Record label disputes prevented JoJo from commercially releasing her third studio album, she released two mixtapes independently, Can't Take That Away from Me (2010) and Ag\u00e1p\u0113 (2012).\n Following her contractual release, JoJo signed with Atlantic Records in 2014 and released her first commercial extended play \u201cIII.\u201d (2015) while her third studio album Mad Love, (2016) finally materialized, becoming her third top ten album on the Billboard 200. JoJo left Atlantic the following year and founded her own record label Clover Music through a joint venture with Warner Records, where she re-recorded and re-released her debut and sophomore albums as the labels first project in December 2018. JoJo's fourth studio album Good to Know is scheduled for release on May 1, 2020. The album's first single, \"Man\", was released in March 2020.\nIn addition to her music career, JoJo has also pursued a career in acting. In 2006, she made her on-screen feature film debut in Aquamarine and R.V. alongside Robin Williams. She has also had guest appearances on several television shows beginning with The Bernie Mac Show (2002), American Dreams (2004), Romeo! (2006), Hawaii Five-0 (2011) and Lethal Weapon (2017). Other films JoJo has appeared in include the Lifetime Television film True Confessions of a Hollywood Starlet (2008) and G.B.F. (2013).\nJoJo has sold more than 7 million records worldwide, and has sold over 2.1 million albums and 4 million digital downloads in the United States alone.", "Q202765": "Kate Elizabeth Winslet (born 5 October 1975) is an English actress. She is particularly known for her work in period dramas, and is often drawn to portraying angst-ridden women. Winslet is the recipient of various accolades, including three British Academy Film Awards, and is among the few performers to have won Academy, Emmy, and Grammy Awards.\nBorn in Reading, Berkshire, Winslet studied drama at the Redroofs Theatre School. Her first screen appearance, at the age of 15, was in the British television series Dark Season (1991). She made her film debut playing a teenage murderess in Heavenly Creatures (1994), and received her first BAFTA Award for playing Marianne Dashwood in Sense and Sensibility (1995). Global stardom followed soon after with her leading role in the epic romance Titanic (1997). It was the highest-grossing film of all time to that point, after which she eschewed parts in blockbusters in favour of critically acclaimed period pieces, including Quills (2000) and Iris (2001), which were not widely seen.\nThe science fiction romance Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004), in which Winslet was cast against type in a contemporary setting, proved to be a turning point in her career, and she gained further recognition for her performances in Finding Neverland (2004), Little Children (2006), Revolutionary Road (2008), and The Reader (2008). For playing a former Nazi camp guard in the last of these, she won the BAFTA Award and Academy Award for Best Actress. In the 2010s, Winslet played a single mother in 1930s America in the miniseries Mildred Pierce (2011), joined the Divergent film series, and portrayed Joanna Hoffman in Steve Jobs (2015). She won a Primetime Emmy Award for the first of these and a third BAFTA Award for the lattermost.\nFor her narration of a short story in the audiobook Listen to the Storyteller (1999), Winslet won a Grammy Award. She performed the song \"What If\" for the soundtrack of her film Christmas Carol: The Movie (2001). A co-founder of the charity Golden Hat Foundation, which aims to create autism awareness, she has written a book on the topic, The Golden Hat: Talking Back to Autism (2010). Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2009, and in 2012, she was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). Divorced from the film directors Jim Threapleton and Sam Mendes, Winslet has been married to the businessman Edward Abel Smith since 2012. She has a child from each marriage.", "Q374181": "Richard Timothy Jones (born January 16, 1972) is an American actor. Jones is best known for his portrayals as Lamont Carr in the Disney film Full Court Miracle (2003), Laveinio in the dramatic film The Wood (1999) and Mike of the dramatic films Why Did I Get Married? (2007) and Why Did I Get Married Too? (2010). He is also well known for his role as Bruce Van Exel, court services officer on the CBS television series Judging Amy that aired from 1999 to 2005.", "Q71905": "Oscar Paul (8 April 1836 \u2013 18 April 1898) was a German musicologist and a music writer, critic, and teacher.", "Q50713": "Jean Renoir (French: [\u0281\u0259nwa\u0281]; 15 September 1894 \u2013 12 February 1979) was a French film director, screenwriter, actor, producer and author. As a film director and actor, he made more than forty films from the silent era to the end of the 1960s. His films La Grande Illusion (1937) and The Rules of the Game (1939) are often cited by critics as among the greatest films ever made. He was ranked by the BFI's Sight & Sound poll of critics in 2002 as the fourth greatest director of all time. Among numerous honors accrued during his lifetime, he received a Lifetime Achievement Academy Award in 1975 for his contribution to the motion picture industry. Renoir was the son of the painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir. He was one of the first filmmakers to be known as an auteur.", "Q749949": "The Tour Ronde (3,792 metres (12,441 ft)) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif of the Alps, situated on the border between France and Italy. It is a prominent mountain, some 3.5 km north-east of Mont Blanc, but is effectively part of a continuation of the south eastern spur of Mont Maudit (l'Arete de la Brenva) which forms a frontier ridge between the two countries. It is easily accessible to mountaineers and provides not only a very good viewpoint from its summit of the Brenva face and the major peaks on the southern side of Mont Blanc, but it also offers a popular introduction to alpine climbing of all grades, including a north face ascent.", "Q134509": "Port Said (Arabic: \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u200e Bur Sa'\u012bd) is a city that lies in north east Egypt extending about 30 kilometres (19 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, north of the Suez Canal, with an approximate population of 603,787 (2010). The city was established in 1859 during the building of the Suez Canal.\nThere are numerous old houses with grand balconies on all floors, giving the city a distinctive look. Port Said's twin city is Port Fuad, which lies on the eastern bank of the canal. The two cities coexist, to the extent that there is hardly any town centre in Port Fuad. The cities are connected by free ferries running all through the day, and together they form a metropolitan area with over a million residents that extends both on the African and the Asian sides of the Suez Canal. The only other metropolitan area in the world that also spans two continents is Istanbul.\nPort Said acted as a global city since its establishment and flourished particularly during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century when it was inhabited by various nationalities and religions. Most of them were from Mediterranean countries, and they coexisted in tolerance, forming a cosmopolitan community. Referring to this fact Rudyard Kipling once said \"If you truly wish to find someone you have known and who travels, there are two points on the globe you have but to sit and wait, sooner or later your man will come there: the docks of London and Port Said\".", "Q258319": "Castle Keep is a 1969 American Technicolor comedy-drama war film combining surrealism with tragic realism filmed in Panavision. It was directed by Sydney Pollack and starred Burt Lancaster, Patrick O'Neal, Jean-Pierre Aumont, Bruce Dern, and Peter Falk. The film appeared in the summer of 1969, a few months before the arrival of Pollack's smash hit They Shoot Horses, Don't They?.\nThe film is based on a novel by William Eastlake published in 1965. Eastlake enlisted in the United States Army in 1942. He served in the Infantry for four and a half years, and was wounded while leading a platoon during the Battle of the Bulge.", "Q123075": "Robert Walser (15 April 1878 \u2013 25 December 1956) was a German-speaking Swiss writer.\nWalser is understood to be the missing link between Kleist and Kafka. \"Indeed\", writes Susan Sontag, \"at the time [of Walser's writing], it was more likely to be Kafka [who was understood by posterity] through the prism of Walser\". Apparently Robert Musil referred to Kafka's work as \"a peculiar case of the Walser type\".Walser was admired early on by Kafka and writers such as Hermann Hesse, Stefan Zweig, and Walter Benjamin, and was in fact better known during his lifetime than Kafka or Benjamin were known in theirs. Nevertheless, Walser was never able to support himself based on the meager income he made from his writings, and he worked as a copyist, an inventor's assistant, a butler, and in various other low-paying trades. Despite marginal early success in his literary career, the popularity of his work gradually diminished over the second and third decades of the 20th century, making it increasingly difficult for him to support himself through writing. He eventually suffered a nervous breakdown and spent the remainder of his life in sanatoriums, taking frequent long walks.\nA revival of interest in his work arose when, in the late 20th century and early 2000s, his writings from the Pencil Zone, also known as Bleistiftgebiet or \"the Microscripts\", which had been written in a coded, microscopically tiny hand on scraps of paper collected while in a Waldau sanatorium, were finally deciphered, translated, and published.", "Q49242": "Corpus Christi (; Latin: Body of Christ), colloquially Corpus, is a coastal city in the South Texas region of the U.S. state of Texas. The county seat of Nueces County, it also extends into Aransas, Kleberg, and San Patricio Counties. It is 130 miles southeast of San Antonio. Its political boundaries encompass Nueces Bay and Corpus Christi Bay. Its zoned boundaries include small land parcels or water inlets of three neighboring counties.\nThe city's population was estimated to be 326,554 in 2018, making it the eighth-most populous city in Texas. The Corpus Christi metropolitan area had an estimated population of 442,600. It is also the hub of the six-county Corpus Christi-Kingsville-Alice Combined Statistical area, with a 2013 estimated population of 516,793. The Port of Corpus Christi is the fifth-largest in the United States. The region is served by the Corpus Christi International Airport.\nThe city's name means body of Christ in Latin. The name was given to the settlement and surrounding bay by Spanish explorer Alonso \u00c1lvarez de Pineda in 1519, as he discovered the lush semitropical bay on the Catholic feast day of Corpus Christi. The nickname of the city is \"Sparkling City by the Sea\", particularly featured in tourist literature.", "Q173642": "Bud Tingelstad (April 4, 1928 \u2013 July 30, 1981) was an American racecar driver.\nBorn in Frazee, Minnesota, Tingelstad drove in the USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1960-1971 seasons with 120 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 in each year except 1961 and 1970, attempting, but failing to qualify in both of those years and also attempting to qualify in 1972. His best Indy 500 finish was tenth in 1962. He had 56 top-ten race finishes, with his one victory in 1966 at DuQuoin. He had a best Championship points finish of 5th in 1964. He died of a heart attack in Indianapolis, Indiana.", "Q314675": "Lieutenant General Leslie Richard Groves Jr. (17 August 1896 \u2013 13 July 1970) was a United States Army Corps of Engineers officer who oversaw the construction of the Pentagon and directed the Manhattan Project, a top secret research project that developed the atomic bomb during World War II.\nThe son of a U.S. Army chaplain, Groves lived at various Army posts during his childhood. In 1918, he graduated fourth in his class at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and was commissioned into the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. In 1929, he went to Nicaragua as part of an expedition to conduct a survey for the Inter-Oceanic Nicaragua Canal. Following the 1931 earthquake, Groves took over Managua's water supply system, for which he was awarded the Nicaraguan Presidential Medal of Merit. He attended the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1935 and 1936; and the Army War College in 1938 and 1939, after which he was posted to the War Department General Staff. Groves developed \"a reputation as a doer, a driver, and a stickler for duty\" and in 1940 he became special assistant for construction to the Quartermaster General, tasked with inspecting construction sites and checking on their progress. In August 1941, he was appointed to create the gigantic office complex for the War Department's 40,000 staff that would ultimately become the Pentagon.\nIn September 1942, Groves took charge of the Manhattan Project. He was involved in most aspects of the atomic bomb's development: he participated in the selection of sites for research and production at Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Los Alamos, New Mexico; and Hanford, Washington. He directed the enormous construction effort, made critical decisions on the various methods of isotope separation, acquired raw materials, directed the collection of military intelligence on the German nuclear energy project and helped select the cities in Japan that were chosen as targets. Groves wrapped the Manhattan Project in security but failed to prevent the Soviet Union from conducting a successful espionage program that stole some of its most important secrets.\nAfter the war, Groves remained in charge of the Manhattan Project until responsibility for nuclear weapons production was handed over to the United States Atomic Energy Commission in 1947. He then headed the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, which had been created to control the military aspects of nuclear weapons. He was given a dressing down by the Army Chief of Staff, General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower, and told that he would never be appointed Chief of Engineers. Three days later, Groves announced his intention to leave the Army. He was promoted to lieutenant general just before his retirement on 29 February 1948 in recognition of his leadership of the bomb program. By a special Act of Congress, his date of rank was backdated to 16 July 1945, the date of the Trinity nuclear test. He went on to become a vice-president at Sperry Rand.\n\n", "Q4718677": "Alexander Dawson Henderson Jr. (February 16, 1895 \u2013 July 8, 1964), was a business leader, financier and philanthropist, and long-time mayor of Hillsboro Beach, Florida. He was Vice President and Director of the California Perfume Company (CPC), which later became Avon Products. Henderson was well known in South Florida for his philanthropic work in the support of the Henderson Clinic in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Throughout his life Henderson gave generous support to educational institutions. He was active in establishing and supporting the Hillsboro Country Day School in Hillsboro Beach and the Saint Andrew's Episcopal School for Boys in Boca Raton, Florida. His legacy lives on with the A. D. Henderson Foundation and the Alexander D. Henderson University in Boca Raton, Florida.", "Q952958": "Stein Dorenfeldt T\u00f8nnesson (born 2 December 1953) is a Norwegian historian.", "Q153592": "King Abdulaziz International Airport (KAIA) (Arabic: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u200e) (IATA: JED, ICAO: OEJN) is a Saudi international airport located 19 km to the north of Jeddah. Named after King Abdulaziz Al Saud and inaugurated in 1981, the airport is the busiest airport of Saudi Arabia and the third-largest airport in the kingdom. The airport's Hajj Terminal was specially built for Muslim pilgrims going to Mecca annually on the Hajj. It is one of the largest in the world, and can handle 80,000 passengers at the same time.", "Q92446": "Hans Jendretzky (20 July 1897 \u2013 2 July 1992) was a German Communist politician. He was a prominent politician of the Socialist Unity Party (SED) in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).\nHe became a member of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany in 1919 and of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) in 1920. In the 1920s, he was one of the most prominents members of the KPD, and was head of the Roter Frontk\u00e4mpferbund in Berlin. He was a member of the Parliament of Prussia from 1928 to 1932. In 1934, he was sentenced to three years of prison, being charged with \"conspiracy to commit high treason.\"After World War II, he became active in communist politics in the Soviet Occupation Zone, and was president of the Free German Trade Union Federation (FDGB) 1946-1948, First Secretary (head) of the East Berlin SED district from 1948 to 1953. He was a candidate to the politburo from 1950, deputy minister of the Interior from 1957 to 1960, a member of the SED central committee 1957-1989, member of the Volkskammer 1950-1954 and 1958-1989.\nJendretzky famously denounced the Freedom Bell in western Berlin, a gift from Americans as a sign of the fight against communism in Europe, as the \"death bell\", warning: \"The rope of the death bell will become the gallows rope for those who ring it.\"", "Q2656682": "Vanessa Andrea Gon\u00e7alves G\u00f3mez (born February 10, 1986) is a Venezuelan dentist, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Venezuela 2010. She represented Venezuela at Miss Universe 2011 and placed in the top 16.", "Q114801": "Robson Golightly Green (born 18 December 1964) is an English actor, angler, singer, songwriter, and presenter.\nHis first major TV role was as hospital porter Jimmy Powell in BBC drama series Casualty in 1989. He then went on to portray Fusilier Dave Tucker in the ITV military drama series Soldier Soldier, between 1991 and 1995. Between 2002 and 2008 he played Dr. Tony Hill in the ITV crime drama series Wire in the Blood. \nAs a TV presenter he has fronted shows such as Extreme Fishing, Extreme Fishing Challenge, and Tales from Northumberland. He currently plays Detective Inspector Geordie Keating on ITV's Grantchester. He was one half of the singing duo Robson & Jerome, who had several No. 1 singles in the 1990s.", "Q335863": "Paul John McGann (born 14 November 1959) is an English actor. He came to prominence for portraying Percy Toplis in the television serial The Monocled Mutineer (1986), then starred in the dark comedy Withnail and I (1987), and later became more widely known for portraying the eighth incarnation of the Doctor in the 1996 Doctor Who television film (a role he has since reprised in more than 70 audio dramas and the 2013 mini-episode \"The Night of the Doctor\"). He is also known for playing Lieutenant William Bush in the series Hornblower.", "Q3179075": "James Allan Short, OBE, FRSAMD (4 April 1928 \u2013 13 April 2001), known professionally as Jimmy Logan, was a Scottish performer, theatrical producer, impresario and director.\n\n", "Q37944": "Masiela Lusha (; born October 23, 1985) is an Albanian-American actress, author, producer and humanitarian. Lusha gained recognition for playing Carmen Lopez on the globally syndicated ABC sitcom George Lopez, a role which earned her two consecutive Young Artist Awards for Leading Young Actress in a Comedy or Drama. After transitioning into film, she starred in Sony Picture's Blood: The Last Vampire. Lusha also starred alongside David Hasselhoff and Ian Ziering in SyFy's television movie Sharknado: The 4th Awakens.Lusha made her acting debut in Summoning in 2001. That same year, she made her television debut in the Disney Channel series, Lizzie McGuire. Lusha appeared as a main cast member in Clifford's Puppy Days (2003-2005) for PBS, and also appeared in Law & Order: Criminal Intent, and Anger Management. Lusha starred in movies comprising a variety of genres, including Cherry Bomb (2004), My Father's Eulogy (2007), Muertas (2007), Time of the Comet (2008), Ballad of Broken Angels (2009), Kill Katie Malone (2010), Dragonfyre (2013), The Architect (2014), Of Silence (2014), Fatal Instinct (2014), and Branded (2016).\nIn 2010, Lusha was appointed ambassador of Prince Harry's charity Sentebale. In 2014, Lusha was made the World Assembly of Youth's goodwill ambassador. Lusha is an advocate for UN Women.Lusha has written five books of poetry, Inner Thoughts, Drinking the Moon, Amore Celeste, The Call, The Living Air; a novel The Besa; and two children's books. Lusha has written poetry and translated it into Albanian. She has translated poems and prayers by Mother Teresa.", "Q549729": "Charles Cardale Babington (23 November 1808 \u2013 22 July 1895) was an English botanist and archaeologist. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1851.\nBabington was the son of Joseph Babington and Cath\u00e9rine n\u00e9e Whitter, and a nephew of Thomas Babington Macaulay. He was educated at Charterhouse and St John's College, Cambridge, obtaining his Bachelor of Arts in 1830 and his Master of Arts in 1833. He overlapped at Cambridge with Charles Darwin, and in 1829 they argued over who should have the pick of beetle specimens from a local dealer.\nHe obtained the chair of botany at the University of Cambridge in 1861 and wrote several papers on insects. He married Anna Maria Walker on 3 April 1866.\nBabington was a member of several scientific societies including the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, the Linnean Society of London (1853), the Geological Society of London, the Royal Society (1851), and in 1833 he participated in the foundation of the Royal Entomological Society. Babington was President of the Cambrian Archaeological Association at their meeting at Church Stretton in 1881 and for many years served as Chairman of the council of the Association.\nHe wrote Manual of British Botany (1843), Flora of Cambridgeshire (1860), The British Rubi (1869) and edited the publication Annals and Magazine of Natural History from 1842. His herbarium and library are conserved by the University of Cambridge.", "Q228832": "Yulia Olegovna Volkova (Russian: \u042e\u043b\u0438\u044f \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430; born 20 February 1985), better known by the alternative spelling of Julia, is a Russian singer, recording artist and actress, best known for being a member in the Russian girl group t.A.T.u., along with Lena Katina. A girl group who was managed in Moscow, Russia by Ivan Shapovalov in March 1999, the group signed a record deal with Universal Music Russia, where they eventually signed to Universal's sub-label Interscope Records in 2001.\nThe group's first single \"All the Things She Said\" topped the charts in countries including Australia, Austria, Denmark, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland, the United States, and the United Kingdom, but also received controversy due to Julia and Lena kissing onscreen. The group recorded three studio albums in English, including their best-selling (to date) studio album, 200 km/h in the Wrong Lane, three Russian albums, and four compilation albums. The group also worked on alternative projects, including a 2011 film You and I, and opened T.A. Music, a Russian-based record label. In March 2011, t.A.T.u.'s management released a press release officially stating that t.A.T.u. had split, due to conflict and problems surrounding the members.\nJulia signed a solo career with Gala Records in June 2011, and released her debut single \"All Because of You\" in November 2011. The song was also released in a Russian-language version under the title \"\u0421\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\" (I'll Change the World). Her debut worldwide single titled \"Didn't Wanna Do It\" was released on 21 August 2012.", "Q162983": "Radmila \u0160ekerinska Jankovska (Macedonian: \u0420\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0428\u0435\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0408\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430 [\u02c8radmila \u0283\u025b\u02c8k\u025brinska] (listen); born 10 June 1972) is the current defense minister of North Macedonia and a former leader of the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (SDSM). \n\u0160ekerinska was previously Deputy Prime Minister for European Integration and National Coordinator for Foreign Assistance of North Macedonia and also was the acting Prime Minister of North Macedonia from 12 May 2004 until 12 June 2004 and from 3 November 2004 until 15 December 2004. She was elected 5 November 2006 the SDUM leader.\u0160ekerinska was elected President of the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia at the party Congress following a no-confidence motion against the former leader Vlado Bu\u010dkovski. She left the position after September 2008 party congress. Zoran Zaev was appointed as her successor until May 2009, when president Branko Crvenkovski's term ended.During her term as a deputy Prime Minister responsible for European Affairs, the European Council, in December 2005, granted North Macedonia a status of candidate country for accession to the European Union.", "Q173656": "Ernie McCoy (February 19, 1921 in Reading, Pennsylvania \u2013 February 4, 2001) was an American racecar driver.\nMcCoy's real name was Ernest Musser.", "Q49256": "Bakersfield is a charter city in Kern County, California, United States. It is the county seat and largest city of Kern County. The city covers about 151 sq mi (390 km2) near the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley and the Central Valley region. Bakersfield's population is around 380,000, making it the 53rd-most populous city in the United States of America and the 9th-most populous city in California. The Bakersfield\u2013Delano Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Kern County, had a 2010 census population of 839,631, making it the 62nd-largest metropolitan area in the United States. The more built-up portion of the metro area that includes Bakersfield and areas immediately around the city, such as East Bakersfield, Oildale and Rosedale, has a population of about 520,000.\nBakersfield is a significant hub for both agriculture and energy production. Kern County is the most productive oil-producing county and the fourth-most productive agricultural county (by value) in the United States. Industries in and around Bakersfield include natural gas and other energy extraction, mining, petroleum refining, distribution, food processing, and corporate regional offices. The city is also the birthplace of the country music genre known as the Bakersfield sound.", "Q69186": "Beringen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the municipality of Guntmadingen merged into the municipality of Beringen.", "Q26849": "Vienne (French: [vj\u025bn] (listen); Arpitan: Vi\u00e8na) is a commune in southeastern France, located 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Lyon, at the confluence of the G\u00e8re river and the Rh\u00f4ne. Today, it is only the fourth largest city in the Is\u00e8re department, of which it is a subprefecture, but was a major center of the Roman Empire.\nBefore the arrival of the Roman armies, Vienne was the capital city of the Allobroges, a Gallic people. Transformed into a Roman colony in 47 BC under Julius Caesar, Vienne became a major urban center, ideally located along the Rh\u00f4ne, then a major axis of communication. Emperor Augustus banished Herod the Great's son, the ethnarch Herod Archelaus to Vienne in 6 AD.The town became a Roman provincial capital and remains of Roman constructions are everywhere in modern Vienne. The town was also an important early bishopric in Christian Gaul. Its most famous bishop was Avitus of Vienne. At the Council of Vienne, convened there in October 1311, Pope Clement V abolished the order of the Knights Templar. During the Middle Ages, Vienne was part of the kingdom of Provence, dependent on the Holy Roman Empire, while the opposite bank of the Rh\u00f4ne was French territory, thus making it a strategic position.Today the town is a regional commercial and industrial center, known regionally for its Saturday market. A Roman temple, circus pyramid, and theatre (where the annual Jazz \u00e0 Vienne is held), as well as museums (archaeological, textile industry) and notable Catholic buildings, make tourism an important part of the town's economy.", "Q153586": "Christian IV (12 April 1577 \u2013 28 February 1648) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 to 1648. His 59-year reign is the longest of Danish monarchs, and of Scandinavian monarchies.\nA member of the House of Oldenburg, Christian began his personal rule of Denmark in 1596 at the age of 19. He is remembered as one of the most popular, ambitious, and proactive Danish kings, having initiated many reforms and projects. Christian IV obtained for his kingdom a level of stability and wealth that was virtually unmatched elsewhere in Europe. He engaged Denmark in numerous wars, most notably the Thirty Years' War (1618\u201348), which devastated much of Germany, undermined the Danish economy, and cost Denmark some of its conquered territories.\nHe rebuilt and renamed the Norwegian capital Oslo as Christiania after himself, a name used until 1925.", "Q39969": "Aces: Iron Eagle III is a 1992 military action film directed by John Glen, produced by Ron Samuels, and written by Kevin Alyn Elders. It is the third installment of the Iron Eagle film series, and the first and only entry in the series to not be directed by Sidney J. Furie. Louis Gossett, Jr. reprises his role as Brigadier General Charles \"Chappy\" Sinclair, the only returning cast member from the previous films, starring with Rachel McLish (in her acting debut), Paul Freeman, Sonny Chiba, Horst Buchholz, Christopher Cazenove, Mitchell Ryan, and J. E. Freeman. Retired boxing champion Ray \"Boom Boom\" Mancini appears in a cameo role.\nThe film was panned by critics and grossed $2.5 million off of a reported $13.5 million budget. It was followed by a sequel in 1995, Iron Eagle on the Attack, released direct-to-video. it was the final film released by Carolco/New Line's joint venture; Seven Arts.", "Q200166": "Kitchener is a city in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario. Located approximately 100 km (62 mi) west of Toronto, Kitchener is the regional seat. Kitchener was called Berlin until 1916; it was designated the Town of Berlin from 1854 until 1912 and the City of Berlin from 1912 until 1916.\nThe City of Kitchener covers an area of 136.86 square kilometres and had a population of 233,222 at the time of the 2016 Census. The Kitchener metropolitan area, which includes the smaller, neighbouring cities of Waterloo to the north and Cambridge to the south, has 523,894 people, making it the tenth largest Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) in Canada and the fourth largest CMA in Ontario.\nKitchener and Waterloo are considered \"twin cities\" which are often referred to jointly as \"Kitchener\u2013Waterloo\" (K\u2013W), although they have separate municipal governments. Including Cambridge, the three cities are known as \"the Tri-Cities\". All are part of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, which was created in 1973, when it replaced Waterloo County, which had been created in 1853.", "Q2483013": "Bruno Abdank-Abakanowicz (6 October 1852 \u2013 29 August 1900) was a Polish mathematician, inventor, and electrical engineer.\n\n", "Q9027": "Swedish (svenska [\u02c8sv\u025b\u0302n\u02d0ska] (listen)) is a North Germanic language spoken natively by 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden (as the sole official language) and in parts of Finland, where it has equal legal standing with Finnish. It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish, although the degree of mutual intelligibility is largely dependent on the dialect and accent of the speaker. Written Norwegian and Danish are usually more easily understood by Swedish speakers than the spoken languages, due to the differences in tone, accent and intonation. Swedish is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Era. It has the most speakers of the North Germanic languages.\nStandard Swedish, spoken by most Swedes, is the national language that evolved from the Central Swedish dialects in the 19th century and was well established by the beginning of the 20th century. While distinct regional varieties descending from the older rural dialects still exist, the spoken and written language is uniform and standardized.\nThe standard word order is, as in most Germanic languages, V2, which means that the finite verb (V) appears in the second position (2) of a declarative main clause. Swedish morphology is similar to English; that is, words have comparatively few inflections. Swedish has two genders and is generally seen to have two grammatical cases \u2013 nominative and genitive (except for pronouns that, as in English, also are inflected in the object form) \u2013 although it is debated if the genitive in Swedish should be seen as a genitive case or just the nominative plus the so-called genitive s, then seen as a clitic. Swedish has two grammatical numbers \u2013 plural and singular. Adjectives have discrete comparative and superlative forms and are also inflected according to gender, number and definiteness. The definiteness of nouns is marked primarily through suffixes (endings), complemented with separate definite and indefinite articles. The prosody features both stress and in most dialects tonal qualities. The language has a comparatively large vowel inventory. Swedish is also notable for the voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative, a highly variable consonant phoneme.\nSwedish has also had historic use in Estonia, although the current status of the Estonian Swedish speakers is almost extinct. Instead, it is used in the Swedish diaspora, most notably in Oslo, Norway, with more than 50,000 resident Swedes.\n\n", "Q1625328": "Holy Cross Cemetery is a Roman Catholic cemetery at 5835 West Slauson Avenue in Culver City, California, operated by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles.\nIt is partially in the Culver City city limits.Opened in 1939, Holy Cross comprises 200 acres (81 ha). It contains\u2014amongst others\u2014the graves and tombs of showbusiness professionals. Many celebrities are in the sections near \"The Grotto\" in the southwest part of the cemetery; after entering the main gate, turn left and follow the leftmost road up the hill.", "Q1434289": "William Henry Phelps Sr. (June 14, 1875 \u2013 December 8, 1965) was an American ornithologist and businessman. One of his sons, William H. Phelps Jr., was also an ornithologist, and collaborated with him. William Phelps was the founder of the William Phelps Ornithological Collection, located in Sabana Grande. This is still the most important private ornithological collection of the world.\n\n", "Q86427": "Breathless (French: \u00c0 bout de souffle; \"out of breath\") is a 1960 French crime and drama film written and directed by Jean-Luc Godard about a wandering criminal (Jean-Paul Belmondo) and his American girlfriend (Jean Seberg). It was Godard's first feature-length work and represented Belmondo's breakthrough as an actor.\nBreathless was one of the early, more influential examples of French New Wave (nouvelle vague) cinema. Along with Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut's The 400 Blows and Alain Resnais's Hiroshima, Mon Amour, both released a year earlier, it brought international attention to new styles of French filmmaking. At the time, the film attracted much attention for its bold visual style, which included unconventional use of jump cuts.\nA fully restored version of the film was released in the U.S. for its 50th anniversary in May 2010. When originally released in France, the film attracted over 2 million viewers.", "Q753905": "The Platters are an American vocal group formed in 1952. They are one of the most successful vocal groups of the early rock and roll era. Originally, their distinctive sound was a bridge between the pre-rock Tin Pan Alley tradition and the burgeoning new genre. The act has gone through several personnel changes, with one of the most successful incarnations comprising lead tenor Tony Williams, Paul Robi, Herb Reed, and Zola Taylor. The group had 40 charting singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart between 1955 and 1967, including four number-one hits. The Platters are one of the first African-American groups to be accepted as a major chart group and are one of the most successful vocal groups in the world.", "Q138327": "Catherine Jane McCormack (born 3 April 1972) is an English actress of stage and screen. Her film appearances include Braveheart (1995), The Land Girls (1998), Dangerous Beauty (1998), Dancing at Lughnasa (1998), Spy Game (2001), and 28 Weeks Later (2007). Her theatre work includes National Theatre productions of All My Sons (2000) and Honour (2003).\n\n", "Q1009499": "John Leon Guarnera, professionally known as \"Bunk\" Gardner (born May 2, 1933 in Cleveland, Ohio, United States) is an American musician who most notably played for the original version of Frank Zappa's Mothers of Invention until the group disbanded in 1969. He plays woodwinds and tenor sax.", "Q1585898": "Dr. Harold Olmo (July 31, 1909 \u2013 June 30, 2006) was a pioneering viticulturist and professor at the University of California, Davis where he created many new grape varieties known today as Olmo grapes. In the 1950s, he helped to establish California's first quarantine facility on the UC Davis campus to permit California growers to import foreign vines. This led to an expansion of California's wine industry as more Vitis vinifera was introduced to the area.", "Q966357": "Hillel Zeitlin (1871\u20131942) was a Yiddish and Hebrew writer and poet. A leading pre-Holocaust Jewish journalist, he edited the Yiddish newspaper Moment, among other literary activities. He was the leading thinker in the movement of pre-World War II \"philosophical neo-Hasidism\".", "Q733997": "Salom\u00f3n Lerner Ghitis, also known as Siomi Lerner (born 4 February 1946) is a Peruvian businessman and politician, who was Prime Minister of Peru from 28 July to 10 December 2011 and leader of the political movement Citizens for Change (CxC). He was appointed prime minister following the 2011 presidential election won by Ollanta Humala. Lerner resigned on 10 December 2011.\n\n", "Q274181": "Mamie Smith (n\u00e9e Robinson; May 26, 1891 \u2013 September 16, 1946) was an American vaudeville singer, dancer, pianist and actress. As a vaudeville singer she performed in various styles, including jazz and blues. In 1920, she entered blues history as the first African-American artist to make vocal blues recordings. Willie \"The Lion\" Smith (no relation) described the background of that recording in his autobiography, Music on My Mind (1964).", "Q1173321": "Dave \"Snaker\" Ray (August 17, 1943 \u2013 November 28, 2002) was an American blues singer and guitarist from St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, who was most notably associated with Spider John Koerner and Tony \"Little Sun\" Glover in the early Sixties folk revival. Together, the three released albums under the name Koerner, Ray & Glover. They gained notice with their album Blues, Rags and Hollers, originally released by Audiophile in 1963 and re-released by Elektra Records later that year.", "Q762266": "The City University of New York (CUNY ) is the public university system of New York City. It is the largest urban university system in the United States, comprising 26 campuses: eleven senior colleges, seven community colleges, one undergraduate honors college, and seven post-graduate institutions. While its constituent colleges date back as far as 1847, the City University was established in 1961. The university enrolls more than 275,000 students, and counts thirteen Nobel Prize winners and twenty-four MacArthur Fellows among its alumni.", "Q1250226": "Dorothee Oberlinger (born 2 September 1969) is a German recorder player and professor.\n\n", "Q2405262": "Terre di Pedemonte is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The municipalities of Cavigliano, Tegna and Verscio merged on 14 April 2013 into the new municipality of Terre di Pedemonte.", "Q1801877": "Pamela Moore is an American singer-songwriter, mixing hard rock, heavy metal, melodic rock and industrial music while her earlier years delved into pop and electronica. She currently resides in Seattle, Washington.", "Q59723": "Rimantas Sinkevi\u010dius (born 3 April 1952) is a Lithuanian politician, he is former Minister of Transport and Communications of Lithuania.\n\n", "Q67815": "Helmina von Ch\u00e9zy (26 January 1783 \u2013 28 February 1856), n\u00e9e Wilhelmine Christiane von Klencke, was a German journalist, poet and playwright. She is known for writing the libretto for Carl Maria von Weber's opera Euryanthe (1823) and the play Rosamunde, for which Franz Schubert composed incidental music.", "Q2379496": "The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (NAS RA) (Armenian: \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576\u056b \u0540\u0561\u0576\u0580\u0561\u057a\u0565\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0561\u0576 \u0563\u056b\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576\u0576\u0565\u0580\u056b \u0561\u0566\u0563\u0561\u0575\u056b\u0576 \u0561\u056f\u0561\u0564\u0565\u0574\u056b\u0561, \u0540\u0540 \u0533\u0531\u0531, Hayastani Hanrapetut\u2019yan gitut\u2019yunneri azgayin akademia) is the primary body that conducts research and coordinates activities in the fields of science and social sciences in Armenia.", "Q2392351": "Leeds Beckett University (LBU), formerly known as Leeds Metropolitan University (LMU) and before that as Leeds Polytechnic, is a public university in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It has campuses in the city centre and Headingley. The university\u2019s origins can be traced to 1824, with the foundation of the Leeds Mechanics Institute. Leeds Polytechnic was formed in 1970, and was part of the Leeds Local Education Authority until it became an independent Higher Education Corporation on 1 April 1989. In 1992, the institution gained university status. The current name was adopted in September 2014.The annual income of the institution for 2016\u201317 was \u00a3221.4 million of which \u00a33.4 million was from grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3217.1 million.", "Q527796": "John William Bristol (February 3, 1939 \u2013 March 21, 2004) was an American musician, most famous as a songwriter and record producer for the Motown label in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was a native of Morganton, North Carolina, about which he wrote an eponymous song. His composition \"Love Me for a Reason\" saw global success when covered by The Osmonds including a number 1 in the UK charts in 1974. His most famous solo recording was \"Hang On in There Baby\" recorded in 1974, which reached the Top Ten in the United States and number 3 in the United Kingdom. Both singles were in the UK top 5 simultaneously.", "Q155691": "Paul-Henri Charles Spaak (25 January 1899 \u2013 31 July 1972) was an influential Belgian Socialist politician, diplomat and statesman. Along with Robert Schuman, Alcide Degasperi and Konrad Adenauer he was a leader in the formation of the institutions that evolved into the European Union.\nA member of an influential Belgian political family, Spaak, he served briefly in World War I and rose to prominence after the war as a tennis player and lawyer, becoming famous for his high-profile defence of an Italian student accused of attempting to assassinate Italy's Crown Prince in 1929. A convinced socialist, Spaak entered politics in 1932 for the Belgian Workers' Party (later the Belgian Socialist Party) and gained his first ministerial portfolio in the government of Paul Van Zeeland in 1935. He became Prime Minister of Belgium in 1938 and held the position until 1939. During World War II, he served as Foreign Minister in the Belgian government in exile under Hubert Pierlot, where he negotiated the foundation of the Benelux Customs Union with the governments of the Netherlands and Luxembourg. After the war, he twice regained the position of Prime Minister, first for under a month in March 1946 and again between 1947 and 1949. He held various further Belgian ministerial portfolios until 1966. He was Belgium's Foreign Minister for 18 years between 1939 and 1966.\nSpaak, a convinced supporter of multilateralism, became internationally famous for his support of international cooperation. In 1945, he was chosen to chair the first session of the General Assembly of the new United Nations. A long-running supporter of European integration, Spaak had been an early advocate of customs union and had negotiated the Benelux agreement in 1944. He served as the first President of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe between 1949 and 1950 and became the first President of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) between 1952 and 1954. In 1955, he was appointed to the so-called Spaak Committee studying the possibility of a common market within Europe and played an influential role in preparing the 1957 Treaty of Rome which established the European Economic Community (EEC). He received the Charlemagne Prize the same year. Between 1957 and 1961, he served as the second Secretary-General of NATO.\nRetiring from Belgian politics in 1966, Spaak died in 1972. He remains an influential figure in European politics and his name is carried, among other things, by a charitable foundation, one of the buildings of the European Parliament, and a method of negotiation.", "Q124068": "Fran\u00e7ois Isaac de Rivaz (Paris, December 19, 1752 \u2013 Sion, July 30, 1828) was an inventor and a politician. He invented a hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine with electric ignition and described it in a French patent published in 1807. In 1808 he fitted it into a primitive working vehicle \u2013 \"the world's first internal combustion powered automobile\".", "Q433091": "Michelle Stafford (born September 14, 1965) is an American actress, screenwriter and producer. She currently plays Phyllis Summers on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless, for which she has won two Daytime Emmy Awards. In 2013, Stafford created and starred in her own comedy web series, The Stafford Project. She also played Nina Reeves on the ABC daytime soap opera General Hospital.", "Q434715": "Bruce Bernard Geller (October 13, 1930 \u2013 May 21, 1978) was an American lyricist, screenwriter, director, and television producer.", "Q152115": "The Duchy of Warsaw (Polish: Ksi\u0119stwo Warszawskie, French: Duch\u00e9 de Varsovie, German: Herzogtum Warschau) was a Polish state established by Napoleon I in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit. The duchy was held in personal union by one of Napoleon's allies, King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony. Following Napoleon's failed invasion of Russia, the duchy was occupied by Prussian and Russian troops until 1815, when it was formally partitioned between the two countries at the Congress of Vienna. It covered the central and eastern part of present Poland and minor parts of present Lithuania and Belarus.", "Q463895": "Jancis Mary Robinson OBE, ComMA, MW (born 22 April 1950) is a British wine critic, journalist and wine writer. She currently writes a weekly column for the Financial Times, and writes for her website JancisRobinson.com, updated daily. She also provides advice for the wine cellar of Queen Elizabeth II.", "Q1340974": "Tach\u016b Nait\u014d (\u5185\u85e4 \u591a\u4ef2, Nait\u014d Tach\u016b, 12 June 1886 - 25 August 1970) was a Japanese architect, engineer, and professor from Yamanashi Prefecture, Minami-Alps, Yamanashi. He was a father of earthquake-proof design and built many broadcasting and observation towers, including the Tokyo Tower.", "Q78706": "Man\u00e8s Sperber (12 December 1905 \u2013 5 February 1984) was an Austrian-French novelist, essayist and psychologist. He also wrote under the pseudonyms Jan Heger and N.A. Menlos.", "Q40299": "Nelsan Ellis (November 30, 1977 \u2013 July 8, 2017) was an American actor and playwright. He achieved critical acclaim for his portrayal of Lafayette Reynolds in the HBO television series True Blood (2008\u20132014), for which he won a Satellite Award from the International Press Academy, among other accolades. He also starred as Shinwell Johnson in Elementary from 2016 to 2017, and played a variety of guest roles in other television series, including Veronica Mars and Without a Trace.In addition to his television work, Ellis appeared in several feature films throughout his career. He portrayed Eddie Sweat in the Disney sports drama Secretariat (2010), was Martin Luther King Jr. in Lee Daniels' The Butler (2013), and was Bobby Byrd in the 2014 James Brown biopic Get on Up. His final acting role was in True to the Game, which was released posthumously.", "Q238374": "Eve Arnold, OBE, Hon. FRPS (n\u00e9e Cohen; April 21, 1912 \u2013 January 4, 2012) was an American photojournalist. She joined Magnum Photos agency in 1951, and became a full member in 1957. She was the first woman to join the agency.\n\n", "Q292389": "Etta Baker (March 31, 1913 \u2013 September 23, 2006) was an American Piedmont blues guitarist and singer from North Carolina.", "Q41187": "Sony Corporation (\u30bd\u30cb\u30fc\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e, Son\u012b Kabushiki Kaisha, SOH-nee, commonly known as Sony and stylized as SONY) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in K\u014dnan, Minato, Tokyo. Its diversified business includes consumer and professional electronics, gaming, entertainment and financial services. The company owns the largest music entertainment business in the world, the largest video game console business and one of the largest video game publishing businesses, and is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for the consumer and professional markets, and a leading player in the film and television entertainment industry. Sony was ranked 97th on the 2018 Fortune Global 500 list.Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group (\u30bd\u30cb\u30fc\u30fb\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7, Son\u012b Gur\u016bpu), which is engaged in business through its four operating components: electronics (AV, IT & communication products, semiconductors, video games, network services and medical business), motion pictures (movies and TV shows), music (record labels and music publishing) and financial services (banking and insurance). These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. The group consists of Sony Corporation, Sony Electronics Corporation, Sony Pictures, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music, Sony Financial Holdings, and others.\nSony is among the semiconductor sales leaders and since 2015, the fifth-largest television manufacturer in the world after Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, TCL and Hisense.The company's current slogan is Be Moved. Their former slogans were The One and Only (1979\u20131982), It's a Sony (1982\u20132005), like.no.other (2005\u20132009) and make.believe (2009\u20132013).Sony has a weak tie to the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (SMFG) corporate group, the successor to the Mitsui group.", "Q230728": "Vera Ellen Wang (Chinese: \u738b\u8587\u8587; born June 27, 1949) is an American fashion designer based in New York City.", "Q529750": "Bianca Halstead (May 5, 1965 \u2013 December 15, 2001), also known as Bianca Butthole, was an American rock musician, born in Bronx, New York. She was the bassist and lead singer of the bands Betty Blowtorch and Butt Trumpet.\nShe was killed when she accepted a ride from a drunk driver on December 15, 2001 in New Orleans. She was 36. Halstead is interred at Hollywood Forever Cemetery, Hollywood, California.\nA substance abuse center called The Bianca Center for Substance Abuse, which opened in November 2008, is named in her honor.", "Q190240": "Cyprian (SIP-ree-\u0259n; Latin: Thaschus C\u00e6cilius Cyprianus; c. 200 \u2013 September 14, 258 AD) was bishop of Carthage and a notable Early Christian writer of Berber descent, many of whose Latin works are extant. He is also recognised as a saint in the Christian churches. He was born around the beginning of the 3rd century in North Africa, perhaps at Carthage, where he received a classical education. Soon after converting to Christianity, he became a bishop in 249. A controversial figure during his lifetime, his strong pastoral skills, firm conduct during the Novatianist heresy and outbreak of the Plague of Cyprian (named after him due to his description of it), and eventual martyrdom at Carthage established his reputation and proved his sanctity in the eyes of the Church. His skillful Latin rhetoric led to his being considered the pre-eminent Latin writer of Western Christianity until Jerome and Augustine.", "Q1339509": "Paul D'Amour (born May 12, 1967) is an American musician and the first bass guitarist for Tool. His bass sound was recognized by the aggressive picked tone he developed with his Chris Squire Signature Rickenbacker 4001CS, which can clearly be heard on Tool's first full-length album, Undertow. Since March 2019, he has been the bassist for industrial metal band Ministry.", "Q323740": "John Sieg (February 3, 1903 \u2013 October 15, 1942) was a railroad worker and journalist who publicized Nazi atrocities through the underground Communist press and fought against National Socialism in the German Resistance. He was a key member of the anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Gestapo.", "Q23064": "Cheshire ( CHESH-\u0259r, -\u2060eer; archaically the County Palatine of Chester) is a county in North West England, bordering Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south, and Flintshire and Wrexham County Borough in Wales to the west. Cheshire's county town is the City of Chester (118,200); the largest town is Warrington (209,700). Other major towns include Crewe (71,722), Runcorn (61,789), Widnes (61,464), Ellesmere Port (55,715), Macclesfield (52,044), Winsford (32,610) and Northwich (19,924).The county covers 905 square miles (2,344 km2) and has a population of around 1 million. It is mostly rural, with a number of small towns and villages supporting the agricultural and other industries which produce Cheshire cheese, salt, chemicals and silk.", "Q89099": "Bernhard Kamnitzer (25 October 1890 \u2013 15 July 1959) was a German jurist and Senator of the Free City of Danzig.", "Q713474": "Guido Agosti (11 August 1901 \u2013 2 June 1989) was an Italian pianist and piano teacher.\nAgosti was born in Forl\u00ec in 1901. He studied piano with Ferruccio Busoni, Bruno Mugellini and Filippo Ivaldi, earning his diploma at age 13. He studied counterpoint under Benvenuti and literature at Bologna University. He commenced his professional career as a pianist in 1921. Although he never entirely abandoned concert-giving, nerves made it difficult for him to appear on stage, and he concentrated on teaching. He taught piano at the Venice Conservatoire and at the Santa Cecilia Academy in Rome. In 1947 he was appointed Professor of piano at the Accademia Chigiana (Siena). He also taught at Weimar and the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki.\nHis notable students include Maria Tipo, Yonty Solomon, Peter Bithell, Leslie Howard, Barbara Lister-Sink, Martin Jones, Donna Amato, Vladimir Krpan, Hamish Milne, Dag Achatz, Sergio Calligaris, Raymond Lewenthal, Kun-Woo Paik, Jean-Pierre Ferey, Daniel Pollack, William Corbett Jones, Angela Brownridge, Ian Munro, Genevi\u00e8ve Calame, and Eric van Griensven.He made very few recordings; his recording of preludes by Debussy was highly praised. He also recorded Mussorgsky and Jan\u00e1\u010dek. His piano transcription of three movements from Stravinsky\u2019s The Firebird (1928, dedicated to the memory of his teacher Busoni) is in the repertoire. Agosti also made an edition of Beethoven's 32 Variations in C minor, WoO 80.\nHe played chamber music with the flautist Severino Gazzelloni and the cellist Enrico Mainardi, and with the Quartetto di Roma.\nErnest Bloch\u2019s Piano Sonata was written for Agosti.Guido Agosti died in Milan in June 1989.", "Q532416": "Distemper is a Russian ska punk band from Moscow that was founded in 1989 and is also successful outside of Russia.", "Q107882": "Ralph Burkei (15 December 1956, Munich \u2013 26 November 2008) was a German TV producer and co-owner of the Bavarian production company C.A.M.P. TV. He was also active in Bavarian local politics with the Munich CSU party and was its treasurer from 2000 to 2004. At one time, he was vice-president of the TSV 1860 M\u00fcnchen and president of the VfB Leipzig football teams. Burkei died on the way to hospital after fleeing armed attackers and falling from the facade of the Taj Mahal hotel during the 2008 Mumbai attacks.", "Q111038": "B\u00e4rbel Mohr (5 July 1964 \u2013 29 October 2010) was a German author. Since 1998 she published 20 German books (self-help books, children books, stories) \u2013 including the best-selling Bestellungen beim Universum (The Cosmic Ordering Service), translated into 14 languages so far and a German audio edition \u2013 which combined have more than 1.5 million copies in print.", "Q137941": "Margaret Mildred \"Meta\" Ramsay, Baroness Ramsay of Cartvale (born 12 July 1936) is a Labour Party member of the House of Lords.\n\n", "Q3568402": "William B. Davidson (June 16, 1888 \u2013 September 28, 1947) was an American film actor.", "Q156373": "Nicolas Charles Oudinot, 1st Count Oudinot, 1st Duke of Reggio (25 April 1767 in Bar-le-Duc \u2013 13 September 1847 in Paris), was a Marshal of the Empire. He is known to have been wounded 34 times in battle (by artillery shells, bullets [at least 12], saber slashes and thrusts). Oudinot is one of the Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, Eastern pillar Columns 13, 14.", "Q224985": "Lovers of the Arctic Circle (Spanish: Los amantes del c\u00edrculo polar), also known as The Lovers from the North Pole, is a 1998 Spanish romantic drama film written and directed by Julio M\u00e9dem and starring Najwa Nimri and Fele Mart\u00ednez. It won two Goya Awards in 1999.\nThe film tells the story of Otto and Ana (whose names are palindromes), from their chance meeting outside school at the age of 8, until they meet again in their 20s in Lapland within the Arctic Circle, under the midnight sun. The themes developed in the film form an important part of Julio Medem's universe, and can be found in his other movies; these include love, death, destiny, nature, the circle of life and the coincidences in life. It received favorable critical reviews.[1]", "Q43790": "Conrad Dreher (1859\u20131944) was a German stage actor. He also appeared in several silent films.", "Q1691666": "Joseph William Yukl (March 5, 1909, Los Angeles - March 16, 1981, Los Angeles) was an American jazz trombonist.\nYukl learned to play violin before switching to trombone as a teenager. He relocated to New York City in 1927, where he took a position playing in radio bands for CBS, and worked with Red Nichols and The Dorsey Brothers. He played with Joe Haymes in 1934, then with the Dorseys once again; through the end of the decade he also played with Louis Armstrong, Ray McKinley, Bing Crosby, Ben Pollack, Frankie Trumbauer, and Ted Fio Rito. In the 1940s he worked as a session musician for studio recordings in Los Angeles and for film and television; he played with Wingy Manone and Charlie LaVere in the 1940s. He appears in the film Rhythm Inn (1951) and is heard playing trombone in The Glenn Miller Story (1953).", "Q588820": "Cocteau Twins were a Scottish rock band active from 1979 to 1997. They were formed in Grangemouth by Robin Guthrie (guitars, drum machine) and Will Heggie (bass), adding Elizabeth Fraser (vocals) in 1981 and replacing Heggie with multi-instrumentalist Simon Raymonde in 1983. The group has earned critical praise for their distinctive ethereal sound and the soprano vocals of Fraser, whose lyrics often abandon recognisable language. They have been recognised as pioneering the 1980s alternative rock subgenre of dream pop.After signing with the British record label 4AD in 1982, the band released their debut album Garlands later that year. The addition of Raymonde in 1983 solidified their final lineup, which produced The Spangle Maker EP (containing their biggest hit in their native United Kingdom, \"Pearly-Dewdrops' Drops\", peaking at No. 29 on the UK Singles Chart) and their third studio album Treasure in 1984.\nRaymonde temporarily left the band during the recording of their fourth album, Victorialand. In 1988, Cocteau Twins signed with Capitol Records in the United States, distributing their fifth album Blue Bell Knoll through a major label in the country. Following the release of Heaven or Las Vegas in 1990, their most critically acclaimed album, the band left 4AD for Fontana Records, where they would release their final two albums.\nDue to the disintegration of Fraser and Guthrie's romantic relationship, Cocteau Twins split up in 1997. In 2005, the band announced that they would reunite to headline Coachella and embark on a world tour; a month later, the reunion was cancelled after Fraser declared her refusal to perform on stage with her ex-boyfriend Guthrie.\n\n", "Q982748": "Pari Zanganeh (Persian: \u067e\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u06af\u0646\u0647\u200e) (b. 1939, Kashan, Iran \u2014) is an Iranian opera and folklore singer (Spinto soprano). She was taught by Evelyn Baghtcheban. She lost her eyesight in a car accident.\n\n", "Q88387": "August Kopisch (26 May 1799 \u2013 6 February 1853) was a German poet and painter.", "Q62986": "Andreas Gruschke (April 16, 1960 in Tengen-Blumenfeld \u2013 January 30, 2018) was a German author, photographer and Tibet researcher. His scientific background was that of a geographer, Sinologist and ethnologist. He received a 1990 M.A. at Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, and a Ph.D. in 2009 at Leipzig University.From 1987, Gruschke worked as a free-lance writer and picture-journalist with the main topics Tibet, Himalayas, Silk Road and East Asia. He held lectures and seminars at his hometown Freiburg and other places. After finishing his university studies, he went on numerous research trips to Southeast Asia, China, Korea, Central Asia, yet most of them led him to the highland of Tibet. From 2004 to 2012 he worked at Leipzig University, doing research on Tibetan pastoralists in eastern Tibet's Yushu area. From 2012, he was a guest professor at the Institute of Social Development and Western China Development Studies at Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. His main research interest was the livelihood security of the rural population, namely pastoralists, in China's Tibetan areas.Gruschke published numerous books and articles mainly on Tibetan culture, among them pioneering works for monasteries in the East Tibetan regions Amdo and Kham. Other books and reports deal with Korea and the Himalayas and China, as well as two picture albums about his homeland: the Hegau and the upper Rhine. His most recent research was about nomads in the eastern Tibetan region of Yushu (northern Kham).", "Q64449": "This article is about the Virginia congressman and clerk. For his father, see John Roane.John Jones Roane (October 31, 1794 \u2013 December 18, 1869) was a nineteenth-century clerk and congressman from Virginia. He was the son of congressman John Roane.", "Q192331": "Nikolay Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky (24 July [O.S. 12 July] 1828 \u2013 17 October 1889) was a Russian revolutionary democrat, materialist philosopher, editor, critic, and socialist (seen by some as a utopian socialist). He was the leader of the revolutionary democratic movement of the 1860s, and had an influence on Vladimir Lenin, Emma Goldman, and Serbian political writer and socialist Svetozar Markovi\u0107.\n\n", "Q1009472": "George Jellinek (December 22, 1919 \u2013 January 16, 2010) was the Hungarian-born host of The Vocal Scene, a weekly syndicated radio feature produced by WQXR radio of New York City. Over three decades, from 1969 to 2004, he steadily interviewed opera singers and other figures of classical music on his show, and presented comparative recordings of arias and excerpts with commentary which the New York Times deemed \"encyclopedic\".Born in \u00dajpest, Budapest, Hungary, Jellinek was a longtime resident of the New York City area. He was also familiar to radio audiences for his appearances during intermissions on the Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts.\nJellinek retired from The Vocal Scene with the broadcast of December 23, 2004. On May 31, 2006, at a ceremony held at the Hungarian Consulate in New York City, he was decorated by the Hungarian Government for his lifetime contributions to the arts.\nRepeats of his program can still be heard on several stations, among them WQXR in New York City, WFMT in Chicago, and on XM Satellite Radio's VOX channel.\nRadio station WQXR announced his death in an on-air tribute on January 18, 2010. Among his bibliography is Callas: Portrait of a Prima Donna (1960).", "Q657222": "Stevens Institute of Technology is a private research university in Hoboken, New Jersey. Incorporated in 1870, it is one of the oldest technological universities in the United States and was the first college in America solely dedicated to mechanical engineering. The campus encompasses Castle Point, the highest point in Hoboken, and several other buildings around the city.\nFounded from an 1868 bequest from Edwin Augustus Stevens, enrollment at Stevens includes more than 5500 undergraduate and graduate students representing 47 states and 60 countries throughout Asia, Europe and Latin America. The university is home to two national Centers of Excellence as designated by the U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Two members of the Stevens community, as alumni or faculty, have been awarded the Nobel Prize: Frederick Reines (class of 1939), in Physics, and Irving Langmuir (Chemistry faculty 1906\u20131909), in chemistry.", "Q358494": "Mao Dun (4 July 1896 \u2013 27 March 1981) was the pen name of Shen Dehong (Shen Yanbing), was a Chinese essayist, journalist, novelist, and playwright. A 20th-century Chinese novelist, cultural critic, and the Minister of Culture of People's Republic of China (1949\u201365), he is one of the most celebrated left-wing realist novelists of modern China. His most famous works are Ziye, a novel depicting life in cosmopolitan Shanghai, and Spring Silkworms. He also wrote many short stories.\nHe adopted \"Mao Dun\" (Chinese: \u77db\u76fe), meaning \"contradiction\", as his pen name to express the tension in the conflicting revolutionary ideology in China in the unstable 1920s. His friend Ye Shengtao changed the first character from \u77db to \u8305, which literally means \"thatch\".", "Q130790": "Nightmare (\u30ca\u30a4\u30c8\u30e1\u30a2, Naitomea) was a Japanese visual kei rock band from Sendai. Formed on January 1, 2000, it has consisted of Yomi (lead vocals), Sakito (lead guitar & backing vocals), Hitsugi (rhythm guitar), Ni~ya (bass & backing vocals) and Ruka (drums & percussion) for the majority of their career. They enjoyed mainstream success with the inclusion of their songs \"The World\" and \"Alumina\" in the Death Note anime and are considered a major act in the visual kei scene.", "Q287784": "Sara Lidman (30 December 1923 \u2013 17 June 2004) was a Swedish writer.", "Q361215": "Michael Anthony Hall (born April 14, 1968), known professionally as Anthony Michael Hall, is an American actor who starred in several teen-oriented films of the 1980s. Hall began his career in commercials and on stage as a child, and made his screen debut in 1980. His films with director-screenwriter John Hughes, beginning with the popular 1983 comedy National Lampoon's Vacation and the coming-of-age comedy Sixteen Candles, shaped his early career. Hall's next movies with Hughes were the teen classics The Breakfast Club and Weird Science, both in 1985.\nHall diversified his roles to avoid becoming typecast as his geek persona, joining the cast of Saturday Night Live (1985\u20131986) and starring in films such as Out of Bounds (1986), Johnny Be Good (1988), Edward Scissorhands (1990) and Six Degrees of Separation (1993). After a series of minor roles in the 1990s, he starred as Microsoft's Bill Gates in the 1999 television film Pirates of Silicon Valley. He had the leading role in the USA Network series The Dead Zone from 2002 to 2007. In 2020, he appeared in ABC's The Goldbergs.", "Q1643046": "John William \"Jack\" Odell, OBE (19 March 1920 \u2013 7 July 2007) was the English inventor of Matchbox toys and the engineer responsible for their unique design. He joined with partners Leslie Smith and Rodney Smith to form Lesney Products.The company initially made small products for cars such as dashboards and doorhandles. Odell designed a small steamroller in 1952 for his daughter to take to school. It proved to be a big hit for her for his daughter and her friends. The company started manufacturing small toys to meet the demand with a million copies of a small coach sold during the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. The first 3 vehicles were a road roller, Muir Hill dumper and a cement mixer. All were introduced in 1953By 1966, more than 100 million Matchbox toys were sold each year. Odell retired in 1973 but returned in 1981 when Lesney ran into financial problems. The company was declared insolvent in 1982 and sold to Universal Toys.He founded Lledo, a small vehicle model manufacturing company, and was active in that business until 1999 when he retired. Odell had Parkinson's disease when he died in July 2007.", "Q327240": "Norton Winfred Simon (February 5, 1907 \u2013 June 2, 1993) was an American billionaire industrialist and philanthropist based in California. Norton, at that time, was one of the richest men in America. He was the founder of Val Vita Food Products, which later acquired Hunt's Foods. His significant art collection is housed in the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, California. After his death in 1993, Simon's second wife, actress Jennifer Jones, remained an emeritus of the Museum until her death in 2009.", "Q62038": "Julia Franck (born 20 February 1970, in East Berlin) is a German writer.", "Q65757": "Matten bei Interlaken (abbreviated as Matten b.I., or simply Matten) is a village and municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nMatten b.I. belongs to the Small Agglomeration Interlaken with 23,300 inhabitants (2014).", "Q1490": "Tokyo (; Japanese: \u6771\u4eac, T\u014dky\u014d [to\u02d0k\u02b2o\u02d0] (listen)), officially the Tokyo Metropolis (\u6771\u4eac\u90fd, T\u014dky\u014d-to), is the capital of Japan and the most populous of its 47 prefectures. Located at the head of Tokyo Bay, the prefecture forms part of the Kant\u014d region in the southeast of Japan's main island, Honshu. It is the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, the most populous metropolitan area in the world, as well as the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the national government. \nOriginally a small fishing village named Edo (\u6c5f\u6238), the city became a prominent political center under sh\u014dgun Tokugawa Ieyasu, who made the city his military headquarters in 1603. Following the end of the shogunate in 1868, the imperial capital was relocated from Kyoto to the city, which was renamed Tokyo (literally \"eastern capital\"). Since 1943, Tokyo has been governed as a unique \"metropolis\", combining elements of both a city and a prefecture; the Tokyo Metropolitan Government administers the 23 special wards, various bed towns in the western area, and two outlying island chains.\nTokyo is categorized as an Alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. As of 2019, the population of Tokyo was estimated to be more than 13.9 million, making it Japan's most populous prefecture. The metropolitan area, which includes the neighboring prefectures of Kanagawa, Saitama, and Chiba, among others, is the world's most populous, at more than 38 million residents. As of 2019, Tokyo hosted 36 of the Fortune Global 500 companies. In 2020, it ranked third on the Global Financial Centres Index, behind only New York City and London.The city has hosted multiple international events, including the 1964 Summer Olympics and three G7 Summits (1979, 1986, and 1993); it will also host the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. Tokyo is a leading center for research and development, and is represented by various major universities, most notably the University of Tokyo. The city is a hub for the Japan's high-speed Shinkansen bullet train system, and is served by an extensive network of light rail and subways. The city is also a major cultural center of Japan, with attractions including Ueno Park, the Tokyo National Museum, and the Tokyo Imperial Palace.", "Q436664": "Benjamin William \"Ben\" Bova (born November 8, 1932) is an American writer. He is the author of more than 120 works of science fact and fiction, he is six-time winner of the Hugo Award, a former editor of Analog Magazine, a former editorial director of Omni; he was also president of both the National Space Society and the Science Fiction Writers of America. He lives in Florida.", "Q1152462": "The Scherbadung (also known as Pizzo Cervandone or Monte Cervandone) is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps on the Swiss-Italian border. Its Italian name has been used to name the mineral cervandonite which has only been found there (Devero Alp; Devero Valley; Val Devero).", "Q115538": "Otto Stich (10 January 1927 \u2013 13 September 2012) was a Swiss politician.Born in Basel, he was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 7 December 1983 and handed over office on 31 October 1995. He was affiliated to the Social Democratic Party.\nDuring his time in office he held the Federal Department of Finance and was President of the Confederation twice in 1988 and 1994.\nHe died on 13 September 2012 at the age of 85.", "Q71722": "Jonathan Adolf Wilhelm Zenneck (15 April 1871 \u2013 8 April 1959) was a physicist and electrical engineer. Zenneck was born in Ruppertshofen, W\u00fcrttemberg. Zenneck contributed to researches in radio circuit performance and to the scientific and educational contributions to the literature of the pioneer radio art. Zenneck improved the Braun cathode ray tube, by adding a second deflection structure at right angles to the first, which allowed two-dimensional viewing of a waveform. This two-dimensional display is fundamental to the oscilloscope.", "Q23772001": "Got7 (Korean: \uac13\uc138\ube10) is a South Korean boy band formed by JYP Entertainment. The group is composed of seven members: JB, Mark, Jackson, Jinyoung, Youngjae, BamBam, and Yugyeom. Got7 debuted in January 2014 with the release of their first EP Got It?, which peaked at number two on the Gaon Album Chart and number one on Billboard's World Albums Chart. The group gained attention for their live stage performances, which often includes elements of martial arts tricking and street dancing.\nIn late 2014 Got7 signed with Sony Music Entertainment Japan and ventured into the Japanese market to release their debut Japanese-language single \"Around the World\". They returned to South Korea a month later to release their first full-length studio album Identify, topping the nation's charts. In 2015, Got7 released the EPs Just Right and Mad, which yielded their most commercially successful single, \"Just Right\". In 2016, they released their first full-length Japanese studio album, Moriagatteyo, debuting at number three on the Oricon Albums Chart. They then went on to release their fifth Korean EP Flight Log: Departure and their second full-length studio album Flight Log: Turbulence, both chart-toppers. In 2017, Got7 released their sixth EP Flight Log: Arrival, featuring the single \"Never Ever\". The album is the third and final part of the group's Flight Log series and at the time it was their highest selling album with more than 300,000 copies sold. In the same year they also released their seventh EP, 7 for 7, featuring the chart-topping single \"You Are\". The album also sold over 300,000 copies. Their eighth EP, Eyes On You was released on March 12, 2018, and has sold over 300,000 copies.\n\n", "Q227532": "36 Hours is a 1965 American suspense film, based on the short story \"Beware of the Dog\" by Roald Dahl. The picture stars James Garner, Eva Marie Saint, and Rod Taylor and was directed by George Seaton. On June 2, 1944, a German army doctor tries to obtain vital information from an American military intelligence officer by convincing him that it is 1950 and World War II is long over.", "Q285193": "Ashley Argota (born January 9, 1993) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles on television, such as Lulu on the Nickelodeon sitcom True Jackson, VP, and Kelly Peckinpaugh on the Nickelodeon sitcom Bucket & Skinner's Epic Adventures.", "Q39982": "Walter Edward Cox, known professionally as Bud Cort, is an American actor and comedian, known for his portrayals of Harold in Hal Ashby's film Harold and Maude (1971) and the eponymous hero in Robert Altman's film Brewster McCloud (1970).\n\n", "Q380799": "Matthieu Tota (French pronunciation: \u200b[matj\u00f8 t\u0254ta]; born 26 September 1985), commonly known as M. Pokora or Matt Pokora ([p\u0254k\u0254\u0281a]), is a French singer and songwriter. In 2016, he became a coach for The Voice Kids France and The Voice: la plus belle voix.", "Q113149": "Take This Waltz is a 2011 Canadian drama film. The film centres on Margot, a 28-year-old freelance writer who lives in a charming house on a leafy street in Toronto's Little Portugal neighbourhood, as she struggles with and examines her feelings for Lou, her husband of five years, while exploring a new relationship with Daniel, an artist and rickshaw driver who lives across the street.\nThe film was written, produced, and directed by Sarah Polley. The cast includes Michelle Williams, Seth Rogen, Sarah Silverman, and Luke Kirby.", "Q201293": "Roman Holiday is a 1953 American romantic comedy film directed and produced by William Wyler. It stars Audrey Hepburn as a royal princess out to see Rome on her own and Gregory Peck as a reporter. Hepburn won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance; the screenplay and costume design also won.\nThe script was written by John Dighton and Dalton Trumbo, though with Trumbo on the Hollywood blacklist, he did not receive a credit; instead, Ian McLellan Hunter fronted for him. Trumbo's credit was reinstated when the film was released on DVD in 2003. On December 19, 2011, full credit for Trumbo's work was restored. Blacklisted director Bernard Vorhaus worked on the film as an assistant director under a pseudonym.The film was shot at the Cinecitt\u00e0 studios and on location around Rome during the \"Hollywood on the Tiber\" era. The film was screened in the 14th Venice Film Festival within the official program.\nIn 1999, Roman Holiday was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q67140": "Radelfingen is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q153579": "Stephen Joshua Sondheim (; born March 22, 1930) is an American composer and lyricist known for his work in musical theater.\nOne of the most important figures in 20th-century musical theater, Sondheim has been praised as having \"reinvented the American musical\" with shows that tackle \"unexpected themes that range far beyond the [genre's] traditional subjects\" with \"music and lyrics of unprecedented complexity and sophistication\". His shows have been praised for addressing \"darker, more harrowing elements of the human experience\", with songs often tinged with \"ambivalence\" about various aspects of life. His best-known works as composer and lyricist include A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1962), Company (1970), Follies (1971), A Little Night Music (1973), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1979), Sunday in the Park with George (1984), and Into the Woods (1987). He is also known for writing the lyrics for West Side Story (1957) and Gypsy (1959).\nHe has received an Academy Award, eight Tony Awards (more than any other composer, including a Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre), eight Grammy Awards, a Pulitzer Prize, a Laurence Olivier Award, and a 2015 Presidential Medal of Freedom. In 2010, the former Henry Miller's Theater on Broadway was renamed the Stephen Sondheim Theatre; in 2019, it was announced that the Queen's Theatre in the West End of London would be renamed the Sondheim Theatre at the end of the year.Sondheim has written film music, contributing \"Goodbye for Now\" for Warren Beatty's 1981 Reds. He wrote five songs for 1990's Dick Tracy, including \"Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)\", sung in the film by Madonna, which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song. Film adaptations of Sondheim's work include Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007), and Into the Woods (2014).", "Q1650748": "Michiel \"M.C.A.\" van den Bos (born 23 May 1975) is a Dutch musician who composes primarily for Epic Games and Triumph Studios. He began composing on the Commodore 64 and Amiga before making the transition to composing professional soundtracks for video games such as Unreal, Unreal Tournament, Deus Ex, and the Overlord series. His most recent project is the soundtrack of Age of Wonders: Planetfall.\nAccording to an interview, his influences are LTJ Bukem, John Williams, Jerry Goldsmith, Martin Galway, Underworld, Rob Hubbard, Jeroen Tel, Ben Daglish, Carcass, At the Gates, Insomnium, PFM and Artemis.Van den Bos is also an active indie/alternative DJ.", "Q4304042": "Moscow Architectural Institute (State Academy) - MArchI (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 (\u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f) - \u041c\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0418) is a famous architecture school located in Moscow, Russia.\nMArchI trains architects of wide-range specialization in Town-Planning, Architecture of Residential and Public Buildings, Architectural Design, Architecture of Industrial Buildings, Architecture of Agricultural Complexes, Theory and History of Architecture, Restoration of Architectural Monuments, Interior Architecture, Landscaping.\nThe language of education is Russian. The full course of studies lasts 6 years. After that students get the diploma and can work as architects in Russia. After 5 years of education students get the bachelor's diploma.\nThe Rector of the university is Dmitry Olegovich Shvidkovsky.", "Q102050": "Fritz Tillmann (December 13, 1910 \u2013 October 30, 1986) was a German actor.", "Q132193": "Jo\u017eef Smej, (born February 15, 1922) is a Slovene Prelate of Roman Catholic Church.Smej was born in Bogojina, Slovenia and was ordained a priest on December 8, 1944. Smej was appointed auxiliary archbishop of the Archdiocese of Maribor, as well as titular archbishop of Tzernicus, on April 15, 1983 and ordained bishop on May 23, 1983. Smej held the position of auxiliary bishop of the Maribor diocese until his retirement on June 18, 2009.\n\n", "Q536102": "Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie (6 January 1900 \u2013 12 June 1969) was a French journalist, politician and member of the French Resistance.", "Q154216": "Yusuf Islam (born Steven Demetre Georgiou; 21 July 1948), commonly known by his stage name Cat Stevens, and later Yusuf, is a British singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. His musical style consists of folk, pop, rock, and, in his later career, Islamic music. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014.His 1967 debut album reached the top 10 in the UK, and its title song \"Matthew and Son\" reached number 2 on the UK Singles Chart. Stevens' albums Tea for the Tillerman (1970) and Teaser and the Firecat (1971) were certified triple platinum in the US by the RIAA. His 1972 album Catch Bull at Four spent three weeks at number one on the Billboard 200, and fifteen weeks at number one in the Australian ARIA Charts. He earned two ASCAP songwriting awards in 2005 and 2006 for \"The First Cut Is the Deepest\", and the song has been a hit for four artists. His other hit songs include \"Father and Son\", \"Wild World\", \"Moonshadow\", \"Peace Train\", and \"Morning Has Broken\". In 2007, he received the Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Song Collection from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors.In December 1977, Stevens converted to Islam and adopted the name Yusuf Islam the following year. In 1979, he auctioned all of his guitars for charity. He has since bought back at least one of these guitars as a result of the efforts of his son Yoriyos, and left his musical career to devote himself to educational and philanthropic causes in the Muslim community. He was embroiled in a long-running controversy regarding comments he made in 1989 about the death fatwa on author Salman Rushdie. He has received two honorary doctorates and awards for promoting peace from two organisations founded by Mikhail Gorbachev.\nIn 2006, he returned to pop music \u2013 releasing his first new studio album of new pop songs in 28 years, titled An Other Cup. With that release and subsequent ones, he dropped the surname \"Islam\" from the album cover art \u2013 using the stage name Yusuf as a mononym. In 2009, he released the album Roadsinger, and in 2014, he released the album Tell 'Em I'm Gone, and began his first US tour since 1978. His second North American tour since his resurgence, featuring 12 shows in intimate venues, ran from 12 September to 7 October 2016. In 2017, he released the album The Laughing Apple.\n\n", "Q4895823": "Bertram Stuart Straus (17 March 1867 \u2013 26 August 1933) was a British businessman and Liberal Party politician.", "Q76059": "Gustav Adolf Bergenroth (26 February 1813 \u2013 13 February 1869) was a German historian.", "Q520760": "Yuri Mikhailovich Baturin (Russian: \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043d; born 12 June 1949, in Moscow), is a Russian cosmonaut and former politician.Baturin graduated from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1973, and is the former Assistant to the President on National Security and Secretaty of the Defense Council (1996-1998); he is also an author in constitutional law. \nBaturin was also a cosmonaut who flew on two missions.\nHis first spaceflight, sometimes called Mir EP-4, was launched with the spacecraft Soyuz TM-28 13 August 1998, and landed with Soyuz TM-27. He was a Research Cosmonaut for this mission, which lasted for 11 days 19 hours 39 minutes. His second spaceflight was ISS EP-1, which was launched with the spacecraft Soyuz TM-32 on April 28, 2001, and landed with Soyuz TM-31. This mission was notable as carrying to first paying space tourist Dennis Tito. For this mission he was designated a Flight Engineer; the mission lasted for 7 days 22 hours and 4 minutes.He married Svetlana Veniaminovna Polubinskaya, (born 1954); they had a daughter, Alexandra Yurievna Baturina, (born 1982), a student at the Moscow State Academy of Law.", "Q991720": "Bruce Manning (July 15, 1902 \u2013 August 3, 1965) was a Cuddebackville, New York-born Hollywood filmmaker/screenwriter who entered the movie business following the publication of several novels that he co-wrote with wife, Gwen Bristow. Their first joint novel, The Invisible Host (1930), was adapted to the screen in 1934 as The Ninth Guest.\nHe wrote the screenplay for Bristow's novel Jubilee Trail in 1954. In addition to his numerous scripts, beginning in the 1940s he served as a producer for several films, and in 1943 he directed his first and only feature, The Amazing Mrs. Holliday. His career ended in 1957, eight years before his death.\nHenry Koster called him \"the funniest man I ever met and the best comedy writer I ever met.\"\n\n", "Q78074": "Adolf Endler (20 September 1930 \u2013 2 August 2009) was a lyric poet, essayist and prose author who played a central role in subcultural activities that attacked and challenged an outdated model of socialist realism in the German Democratic Republic up until the collapse of communism in the early 1990s. Endler drew attention to himself as the \u201cfather of the oppositional literary scene\u201d at Prenzlauer Berg in the eastern part of Berlin. In 2005 he was made a member of the Deutsche Akademie f\u00fcr Sprache und Dichtung in Darmstadt.", "Q2273636": "Afeni Shakur Davis (born Alice Faye Williams; January 10, 1947 \u2013 May 2, 2016) was an American activist and businesswoman who was the mother of American rapper and actor Tupac Shakur.\n\n", "Q47284": "Robert Anthony Rodriguez (; born June 20, 1968) is an American filmmaker and visual effects supervisor. He shoots, edits, produces, and scores many of his films in Mexico and in his home state of Texas. Rodriguez directed the 1992 action film El Mariachi, which was a commercial success after grossing $2 million against a budget of $7,000. The film spawned two sequels known collectively as the Mexico Trilogy: Desperado and Once Upon a Time in Mexico. He directed From Dusk Till Dawn in 1996 and developed its television adaptation series (2014\u20132016). Rodriguez co-directed the 2005 neo-noir crime thriller anthology Sin City (adapted from the graphic novel of the same name) and the 2014 sequel, Sin City: A Dame to Kill For. Rodriguez also directed the Spy Kids films, The Faculty, The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl, Planet Terror, Machete, and Alita: Battle Angel. He is the best friend and frequent collaborator of filmmaker Quentin Tarantino, who founded the production company A Band Apart, of which Rodriguez was a member. In December 2013, Rodriguez launched his own cable television channel, El Rey.", "Q67154": "Oberdorf is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland. It consists of the villages and hamlets of Wil, Ennerberg, Waltersberg, B\u00fcren nid dem Bach and Niederrickenbach.\nThe Benedictine covent of Maria-Rickenbach is located within the municipality, next to the hamlet of Niederrickenbach. The convent lies at an altitude of 1,150 m (3,770 ft) and is accessible by cable car.", "Q96813": "Karl Braun [sometimes referred to as Braun-Wiesbaden to differentiate him from other Karl Brauns] (1822\u20131893) was a German liberal politician and writer.", "Q156401": "Chicken Run is a 2000 stop motion animated comedy film produced by the British studio Aardman Animations in partnership with American studio DreamWorks Animation. The studio's first feature-length film, it was directed by Peter Lord and Nick Park from a screenplay by Karey Kirkpatrick and story by Lord and Park. The film stars the voices of Julia Sawalha, Mel Gibson, Tony Haygarth, Miranda Richardson, Phil Daniels, Lynn Ferguson, Timothy Spall, Imelda Staunton, and Benjamin Whitrow. The plot centres on a band of chickens who see a rooster named Rocky as their only hope to escape the farm when their owners prepare to turn them into chicken pies.\nChicken Run grossed over $224 million, becoming the highest-grossing stop motion animated film in history. A sequel, Chicken Run 2, is currently in development.", "Q572740": "Bradley \"Buzz\" Calkins Jr. (born May 2, 1971 in Denver, Colorado) is a former Indy Racing League driver. After a successful run in Indy Lights from 1993 to 1995 where he finished 11th, 10th, and 6th in his three seasons, he and his Bradley Motorsports team purchased a 1995 Reynard chassis to compete in the inaugural season of the IRL. He won the series' inaugural race, the 1996 Indy 200 at Walt Disney World ahead of Tony Stewart and was that year's league co-champion with Scott Sharp. He competed in the Indianapolis 500 six times, with a best finish of 10th in 1998[1]. His win in the series' first race would end up to be his only IRL win. He drove until 2001 when he retired and ventured into the business world.", "Q273177": "Dorothy Mae Kilgallen (July 3, 1913 \u2013 November 8, 1965) was an American journalist and television game show panelist. After spending two semesters at the College of New Rochelle, she started her career shortly before her 18th birthday as a reporter for the Hearst Corporation's New York Evening Journal. In 1938, she began her newspaper column \"The Voice of Broadway\", which eventually was syndicated to more than 140 papers. In 1950, she became a regular panelist on the television game show What's My Line?, continuing in the role until her death.\nKilgallen's columns featured mostly show business news and gossip, but ventured into other topics, such as politics and organized crime. She wrote front-page articles on the Sam Sheppard trial and later the John F. Kennedy assassination.", "Q1036696": "Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature below 35.0 \u00b0C (95.0 \u00b0F) in humans. Symptoms depend on the temperature. In mild hypothermia there is shivering and mental confusion. In moderate hypothermia shivering stops and confusion increases. In severe hypothermia, there may be paradoxical undressing, in which a person removes their clothing, as well as an increased risk of the heart stopping.Hypothermia has two main types of causes. It classically occurs from exposure to extreme cold. It may also occur from any condition that decreases heat production or increases heat loss. Commonly this includes alcohol intoxication but may also include low blood sugar, anorexia, and advanced age. Body temperature is usually maintained near a constant level of 36.5\u201337.5 \u00b0C (97.7\u201399.5 \u00b0F) through thermoregulation. Efforts to increase body temperature involve shivering, increased voluntary activity, and putting on warmer clothing. Hypothermia may be diagnosed based on either a person's symptoms in the presence of risk factors or by measuring a person's core temperature.The treatment of mild hypothermia involves warm drinks, warm clothing, and physical activity. In those with moderate hypothermia, heating blankets and warmed intravenous fluids are recommended. People with moderate or severe hypothermia should be moved gently. In severe hypothermia, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or cardiopulmonary bypass may be useful. In those without a pulse, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is indicated along with the above measures. Rewarming is typically continued until a person's temperature is greater than 32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F). If there is no improvement at this point or the blood potassium level is greater than 12 mmol/liter at any time, resuscitation may be discontinued.Hypothermia is the cause of at least 1,500 deaths a year in the United States. It is more common in older people and males. One of the lowest documented body temperatures from which someone with accidental hypothermia has survived is 13.0 \u00b0C (55.4 \u00b0F) in a near-drowning of a 7-year-old girl in Sweden. Survival after more than six hours of CPR has been described. In individuals for whom ECMO or bypass is used, survival is around 50%. Deaths due to hypothermia have played an important role in many wars. The term is from Greek \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf, hupo, meaning \"under\", and \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, therm\u00eda, meaning \"heat\". The opposite of hypothermia is hyperthermia, an increased body temperature due to failed thermoregulation.", "Q89933": "Barbara Becker (born November 1, 1966 as Barbara Feltus) is a German-American designer, former actress and model.\n\n", "Q825291": "Village Roadshow Limited (doing business as Village Roadshow), is an Australian mass media and entertainment company active in a diversity of fields, including cinema, VHS retailers, theme parks, film production and distribution. The company is a publicly listed entity on the Australian Securities Exchange. It is majority owned by Village Roadshow Corporation, run by CEO Robert Kirby, John Kirby and Graham Burke.", "Q23000814": "The family of Donald Trump, the owner of the Trump Organization and 45th president of the United States, is a prominent American family active in real estate, entertainment, business, and politics. Trump's immediate family circle is the first family of the United States. They are part of the broader Trump family originating from Germany. Donald Trump's mother, Mary Anne MacLeod, came from the Hebridean Isle of Lewis, off the west coast of Scotland. Trump has five children from three wives, and ten grandchildren.", "Q438885": "Bernard Sumner (born 4 January 1956) is an English singer, songwriter, musician and record producer. He is a founding member of both Joy Division and New Order.\nSumner has also been credited with advancing UK dance music and popularising the use of sequencers. In the early 1990s, he collaborated with former Smiths guitarist Johnny Marr as Electronic.", "Q317397": "Uzeyir bey Abdul Huseyn oglu Hajibeyov (Azerbaijani: \u00dczeyir b\u0259y \u018fbd\u00fclh\u00fcseyn o\u011flu Hac\u0131b\u0259yov; Arabic script: \u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0648, Azerbaijani pronunciation: [yze\u02c8ji\u027e h\u0251d\u0292\u026f\u02c8b\u00e6jov]; Russian: \u0423\u0437\u0435\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043b-\u0413\u0443\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043d \u043e\u0433\u043b\u044b \u0413\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0431\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432; September 18, 1885 \u2013 November 23, 1948) was an Azerbaijani composer, conductor, publicist, playwright, and social figure. He is recognized as the father of Azerbaijani composed classical music and opera. Uzeyir Hajibeyov composed the music of the national anthem of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (which was re-adopted after Azerbaijan regained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991). He also composed the anthem used by Azerbaijan during the Soviet period. He was the first composer of an opera in the Islamic world.", "Q213683": "Pink Floyd \u2013 The Wall is a 1982 musical film directed by Alan Parker with animated segments by political cartoonist Gerald Scarfe, and is based on the 1979 Pink Floyd album of the same name. The film centres around a solitary rock star named Pink, who, after being driven into insanity by the death of his father and many depressive moments during his lifetime, constructs a metaphorical (and sometimes physical) wall to be protected from the world and emotional situations around him. The screenplay was written by Pink Floyd vocalist and bassist Roger Waters.\nLike its musical companion, the film is highly metaphorical, and symbolic imagery and sound are present most commonly. The film is mostly driven by music and does not feature much dialogue. Gerald Scarfe drew and animated 15 minutes of animated sequences, which appear at several points in the film. The film is best known for its imagery of mental isolation, drug use, war, fascism, dark or disturbing animated sequences, sexual situations, violence and gore. Despite its turbulent production and the creators voicing their discontent about the final product, the film has since fared well generally, and has established cult status.", "Q815352": "The California State University (Cal State or CSU) is a public university system in California. With 23 campuses and eight off-campus centers enrolling 484,300 students with 26,858 faculty and 25,305 staff, CSU is the largest four-year public university system in the United States. It is one of three public higher education systems in the state, with the other two being the University of California system and the California Community Colleges System. The CSU System is incorporated as The Trustees of the California State University. The California State University system headquarters are in Long Beach, California.The California State University was created in 1960 under the California Master Plan for Higher Education, and it is a direct descendant of the system of California State Normal Schools. With nearly 100,000 graduates annually, the CSU is the country's greatest producer of bachelor's degrees. The university system collectively sustains more than 150,000 jobs within the state, and its related expenditures reach more than $17 billion annually.In the 2011\u201312 academic year, CSU awarded 52 percent of newly issued California teaching credentials, 47 percent of the state's engineering degrees, 28 percent of the state's information technology bachelor's degrees, and it had more graduates in business (50 percent), agriculture (72 percent), communication studies, health (53 percent), education, and public administration (52 percent) than all other universities and colleges in California combined. Altogether, about half of the bachelor's degrees, one-third of the master's degrees, and nearly two percent of the doctoral degrees awarded annually in California are from the CSU.Furthermore, the CSU system is one of the top U.S. producers of graduates who move on to earn their Ph.D. degrees in a related field. The CSU has a total of 17 AACSB accredited graduate business schools which is over twice as many as any other collegiate system. Since 1961, nearly three million alumni have received their bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degrees from the CSU system. CSU offers more than 1,800 degree programs in some 240 subject areas. In fall of 2015, 9,282 (or 39 percent) of CSU's 24,405 faculty were tenured or on the tenure track.", "Q176909": "Walker Percy, Obl.S.B. (May 28, 1916 \u2013 May 10, 1990) was an American writer whose interests included philosophy and semiotics. Percy is known for his philosophical novels set in and around New Orleans; the first, The Moviegoer, won the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction.Trained as a physician at Columbia University, Percy decided to become a writer instead after a bout of tuberculosis. He devoted his literary life to the exploration of \"the dislocation of man in the modern age.\" His work displays a combination of existential questioning, Southern sensibility, and deep Catholic faith. He had a lifelong friendship with author and historian Shelby Foote and spent much of his life in Covington, Louisiana, where he died of prostate cancer in 1990.", "Q447089": "Deathmaker (German: Der Totmacher) is a 1995 German film directed by Romuald Karmakar and starring G\u00f6tz George, J\u00fcrgen Hentsch and Pierre Franckh. The film is based on the transcripts of the interrogation of the notorious serial killer Fritz Haarmann.\nThe film received several awards and nominations. The film was awarded the Deutscher Filmpreis Best Feature Film, Deutscher Filmpreis Best Direction and Deutscher Filmpreis Best Actor in 1996. G\u00f6tz George also won the Volpi Cup at the Venice Film Festival for his role. It was chosen as Germany's official submission to the 69th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, but did not manage to receive a nomination.", "Q378988": "In North American music, adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse\u2013chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).An AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it excludes hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25\u201344 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.Over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\", \"soft AC\" (also known as \"lite AC\"), \"urban AC\", \"rhythmic AC\", and \"Christian AC\" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only \"hot AC\", \"soft AC\", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music; it is merely an assemblage of selected tracks from musicians of many different genres.", "Q853461": "Andrea Lehotsk\u00e1 (Detva, 2 December 1981) is a Slovak-Italian television hostess, actress and model.", "Q1031847": "Can Atilla (born in 1969) is a Turkish musician and composer of electronic, ethnic, orchestral and new age music. Graduated from Hacettepe University Ankara State Conservatory in 1990 with a BA degree in violin, he has composed several studio albums as well as numerous scores for films, plays and television series. Although his earlier works fall in the category of electronic music, starting from mid 2000s he started to compose in more traditional style and gained reputation with his epic Empire Pentalogy, which consists of 5 Ottoman-era themed albums (Cariyeler ve Geceler, 1453 - Sultanlar A\u015fk\u0131na, A\u015fk-\u0131 H\u00fcrrem, Alt\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f, 1453 - Fatih A\u015fk\u0131na) that he produced during the years between 2005 and 2012. Can Atilla is widely regarded as a pioneer in Turkish electronic and new age music.He composed \"Dirili\u015f\" (Resurrection), the official music for the 90th anniversary of the Turkish parliament in 2010. In 2016, he composed 17 tracks for the musical stage play titled Kut al-Amara Dramatic Show with Documents. The play celebrates the 100th anniversary of the Ottoman victory over the British in the Siege of Kut during the First World War.", "Q75236": "Inge M\u00fcller (born Inge Meyer) (13 March 1925 \u2013 1 June 1966) was an East German author and the second wife of East German playwright Heiner M\u00fcller.", "Q350962": "John Stuart Robertson (14 June 1878 \u2013 5 November 1964) was a Canadian born actor and later film director perhaps best known for his 1920 screen adaptation of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, starring John Barrymore.\n\n", "Q235644": "Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (n\u00e9e Spencer; jor-JAY-n\u0259; 7 June 1757 \u2013 30 March 1806), was an English socialite, political organizer, style icon, author, and activist. Of noble birth from the Spencer family, married into the Cavendish family, she was the first wife of William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, and the mother of the 6th Duke of Devonshire.\nAs the Duchess of Devonshire, she garnered much attention and fame in society during her lifetime. With a pre-eminent position in the peerage of England, the duchess was famous for her charisma, political influence, beauty, unusual marital arrangement, love affairs, socializing, and gambling.\nShe was the great-great-great-great aunt of Diana, Princess of Wales. Their lives, centuries apart, have been compared in tragedy.", "Q7793": "Donato Bramante (UK: bram-AN-tay, US: br\u0259-MAHN-tay, -\u2060tee, Italian: [do\u02c8na\u02d0to bra\u02c8mante]; 1444 \u2013 11 April 1514), born as Donato di Pascuccio d'Antonio and also known as Bramante Lazzari, was an Italian architect. He introduced Renaissance architecture to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome, where his plan for St. Peter's Basilica formed the basis of design executed by Michelangelo. His Tempietto (San Pietro in Montorio) marked the beginning of the High Renaissance in Rome (1502) when Pope Julius II appointed him to build a sanctuary over the spot where Peter was allegedly crucified.", "Q159054": "Valkyrie is a 2008 thriller film directed and co-produced by Bryan Singer and written by Christopher McQuarrie and Nathan Alexander. The film is set in Nazi Germany during World War II and depicts the 20 July plot in 1944 by German army officers to assassinate Adolf Hitler and to use the Operation Valkyrie national emergency plan to take control of the country. The film was released by American studio United Artists and stars Tom Cruise as Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg, one of the key plotters. The cast included Kenneth Branagh, Bill Nighy, Eddie Izzard, Terence Stamp, and Tom Wilkinson. \nCruise's casting caused controversy among German politicians and members of the von Stauffenberg family due to the actor's practice of Scientology, which is viewed with suspicion in Germany. Because of this, the filmmakers initially had difficulty setting up filming locations in Germany, but they were later given access to locations such as Berlin's historic Bendlerblock. German newspapers and filmmakers supported the film and its intention to spread global awareness of von Stauffenberg's plot.\nThe film changed release dates several times, from as early as June 27, 2008, to as late as February 14, 2009. The changing calendar and poor response to United Artists' initial marketing campaign drew criticism about the studio's viability. After a positive test screening, Valkyrie's release in North America was ultimately changed to December 25, 2008. United Artists renewed its marketing campaign to reduce its focus on Cruise and to highlight Singer's credentials. The film received mixed reviews in the United States and in Germany, where it opened commercially on January 22, 2009.", "Q63454": "Franz Konwitschny (August 14, 1901, Fulnek, Moravia \u2013 July 28, 1962, Belgrade) was a German conductor and violist of Moravian descent.\nHe started his career on the viola, playing in the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra under Wilhelm Furtw\u00e4ngler. In 1925, he moved to Vienna, where he played the viola with the Fitzner Quartet. He also began teaching at the Wiener Volkskonservatorium. He later became a conductor, joining the Stuttgart Opera in 1927. From 1949 until his death he was principal conductor of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra. From 1953 until 1955 he was also principal conductor of the Dresden Staatskapelle and from 1955 onward he led the Berlin State Opera.\nLike Furtw\u00e4ngler, Konwitschny used \"expansive gestures\" and had a \"dislike of an exact beat.\" Konwitschny recorded a complete cycle of Beethoven symphonies.\nHe was given the nickname Kon-whisky because of his heavy drinking habits.First marriage to Maria Wilhelmine Josephine Hambloch (Gieser) Two children: Franziska Hinzte (n\u00e9e Konwitschny), Dieter Konwitschny. \nHis son from his second marriage Peter Konwitschny is a leading opera director in Germany.", "Q2076084": "Frans August Larson (April 2, 1870 \u2013 December 19, 1957) was a Swedish missionary to Mongolia. He was the author of Larson, Duke of Mongolia which described time spent in Central Asia.", "Q126858": "Valy Arnheim (8 June 1883 \u2013 11 November 1950) was a German film actor.", "Q588834": "Union City is a city in the northern part of Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. According to the 2010 United States Census the city had a total population of 66,455, reflecting a decline of 633 (\u22120.9%) from the 67,088 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 9,076 (+15.6%) from the 58,012 counted in the 1990 Census. As of the 2010 Census it was the second most densely populated city in the United States, with a density of 51,810.1 per square mile.Union City was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on June 1, 1925, with the merger of Union Hill and West Hoboken Township. The city's name marks the combination of the two municipalities.Two major waves of immigration, first of German speakers and then of Spanish speakers, greatly influenced the development and character of Union City. Its two nicknames, \"Embroidery Capital of the United States\" and \"Little Havana on the Hudson\", reflect important aspects of that history. Thousands visit Union City each year to see the nation's longest-running passion play and the annual Cuban Day Parade of New Jersey.\nThe city is notable for being the location where Mallomars were first sold and the site of the first lunch wagon built by Jerry and Daniel O'Mahoney and John Hanf, which helped spark New Jersey's golden age of diner manufacturing, and made the state the diner capital of the world.", "Q214852": "Friedrich M\u00fcnch (born June 25, 1799, Niedergem\u00fcnden, Germany \u2013 died in 1881, Dutzow, Missouri) was a German-American rationalist, winemaker, Missouri State Senator, and prolific author for German emigrants, beginning in the 1830s.", "Q301293": "Huldah Pierce Warren (Bump) Newell (June 2, 1849 \u2013 July 23, 1878), better known as Minnie Warren, was a proportionate dwarf and an entertainer associated with P. T. Barnum. Her sister Lavinia Warren was married to General Tom Thumb. They were very well known in 1860s America and their meeting with Abraham Lincoln was covered in the press.", "Q849439": "Kop\u0159ivnice (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8kopr\u031d\u030a\u026av\u0272\u026ats\u025b]; German: Nesselsdorf [\u02c8n\u025bs\u0259lsd\u0254\u0250\u032ff], Polish: Koprzywnica [k\u0254\u02c8p\u0282\u0268v\u0272it\u0361sa]) is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.", "Q68501": "Elisabeth Langg\u00e4sser (23 February 1899 \u2013 25 July 1950) was a German author and teacher. She is known for lyrical poetry and novels. Her short story Saisonbeginn, for example, provides a graphically human portrayal of a 1930s German Alpine village erecting a sign forbidding the entry of Jews.", "Q913737": "Geoffrey Oryema (16 April 1953 \u2013 22 June 2018) \nwas a Ugandan musician. In 1977 after the murder of his father, Erinayo Wilson Oryema, who was a cabinet minister in the government of Idi Amin, he began his life in exile. At the age of 24, and at the height of Amin's power, Oryema was smuggled out of the country in the trunk of a car.\nHe sang in the languages of his youth, Swahili and Acholi, the languages of his lost country, the \"clear green land\" of Uganda, and he also sang in English and French.\nOryema earned his international reputation on the release of his second album, Beat the Border. He had collaborated with Peter Gabriel and others, and was backed by French musicians including Jean-Pierre Alarcen (guitar) and Patrick Buchmann (drums, percussion, backing vocals), touring with WOMAD in Australia, the USA, Japan, Brazil and Europe. In 1994 the band performed at Woodstock 94 celebrating the 25th anniversary of the legendary festival.\nGabriel's record label, Real World, helped with the first three of Oryema's albums, before his move to Sony International, a label established in France, where Oryema had lived since his exile.\nIn July 2005, he performed at the LIVE 8: Africa Calling concert in Cornwall, and with 1 Giant Leap at the Live 8 Edinburgh concert.\nHe resided in Paris, France until his passing. His ashes were delivered to Anaka.", "Q335136": "Salvatore Paul \"Tory\" Belleci is an American television personality and model maker, best known for his work on the Discovery Channel television program MythBusters. He has also worked with Industrial Light and Magic on films including Star Wars: Episode I \u2013 The Phantom Menace and Star Wars: Episode II \u2013 Attack of the Clones. The Federation battleships and podracers are some of Belleci's pieces.", "Q434701": "Mayra Ver\u00f3nica Aruca Rodr\u00edguez (born August 20, 1980) is an American singer, model, actress and television personality most famous for appearances on Spanish-language television. Ver\u00f3nica's role on Univision's Don Francisco Presenta brought her to the attention of FHM magazine's US edition. After appearing in FHM she was included in its 2004 calendar and went on to do additional magazine work. She made appearances on many Spanish language television shows, as well as appearing in music videos and television commercials.She is noted for being a spokeswoman for USO.", "Q269891": "Julianna Guill (born July 7, 1987) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Bree in the 2009 film Friday the 13th, as Scarlet Hauksson in the web series My Alibi, as Becca Riley in Bravo's Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce, and as Jesse Nevin on FOX's The Resident, as well as Christie on the TBS series Glory Daze.", "Q67632": "Heimiswil is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q387784": "The Star of Santa Clara (German: Der Stern von Santa Clara) is a 1958 West German musical comedy film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Vico Torriani, Gerlinde Locker and Ruth Stephan. It was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Paul Markwitz.", "Q200827": "The Wicker Man is a 2006 horror film written and directed by Neil LaBute and starring Nicolas Cage. The film primarily is a remake of the 1973 British film The Wicker Man, but also draws from its source material, David Pinner's 1967 novel Ritual. The film concerns police officer Edward Malus, whose ex-fianc\u00e9e Willow Woodward informs him that her daughter Rowan has disappeared and asks for his assistance in her search. When he arrives at the island where Rowan was last seen, he suspects something sinister about the neo-pagans who reside on the island.\nThe film received hostile reviews from film critics at the time of its release; critics pointed to the film's unintentional comedy, weak acting, and poor screenwriting. The film was also a financial flop, grossing over $38 million against a $40 million production budget since its original release.", "Q59904": "Nikolaus Heinrich Ferdinand Herbert, Prince of Bismarck (Born Nikolaus Heinrich Ferdinand Herbert von Bismarck-Sch\u00f6nhausen; 28 December 1849 \u2013 18 September 1904) was a German politician, who served as Foreign Secretary from 1886 to 1890. His political career was closely tied to that of his father, Otto von Bismarck, and he left office a few days after his father's dismissal. He succeeded his father as the 2nd Prince of Bismarck in 1898. He was born in Berlin and died in Friedrichsruh.", "Q2833": "Freiburg im Breisgau (German: [\u02c8f\u0281a\u026ab\u028a\u0281k \u0294\u026am \u02c8b\u0281a\u026as\u0261a\u028a] (listen); Alemannic German: Friburg im Brisgau [\u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0b\u0325\u0259\u0261\u030a]) is a city in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, with a population of about 220,000. In the south-west of the country, it straddles the Dreisam river, at the foot of the Schlossberg. Historically, the city has acted as the hub of the Breisgau region on the western edge of the Black Forest in the Upper Rhine Plain. A famous old German university town, and archiepiscopal seat, Freiburg was incorporated in the early twelfth century and developed into a major commercial, intellectual, and ecclesiastical center of the upper Rhine region. The city is known for its medieval minster and Renaissance university, as well as for its high standard of living and advanced environmental practices. The city is situated in the heart of the major Baden wine-growing region and serves as the primary tourist entry point to the scenic beauty of the Black Forest. According to meteorological statistics, the city is the sunniest and warmest in Germany, and held the all-time German temperature record of 40.2 \u00b0C (104.4 \u00b0F) from 2003 to 2015.", "Q237053": "Isabelle Fuhrman (born February 25, 1997) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Esther in the 2009 horror film Orphan and Clove in the 2012 dystopian adventure film The Hunger Games.", "Q375512": "War is a 2007 American action thriller film directed by Philip G. Atwell in his directorial debut and also featuring Stage Combat by Corey Yuen. The film stars Jet Li and Jason Statham. The film was released in the United States on August 24, 2007. War features the second collaboration between Jet Li and Jason Statham, reuniting them for the first time since 2001 film The One. Jason Statham plays an FBI agent determined to take down a mysterious assassin known as Rogue (played by Jet Li), after his partner is murdered.\nWar's working title was Rogue; it was changed to avoid conflict with another film with the same name. It was re-titled as Rogue Assassin in New Zealand, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, India, Australia, the Philippines, and several European countries.", "Q271006": "Enemy at the Gates (French: L'Ennemi aux portes) is a 2001 war film written and directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud and based on William Craig's 1973 nonfiction book Enemy at the Gates: The Battle for Stalingrad, which describes the events surrounding the Battle of Stalingrad in the winter of 1942 and 1943. The screenplay was written by Annaud and Alain Godard. The film's main character is a fictionalized version of sniper Vasily Zaytsev, a Hero of the Soviet Union during World War II. It includes a snipers' duel between Zaytsev and a Wehrmacht sniper school director, Major Erwin K\u00f6nig.\nThe cast includes Jude Law as Zaytsev, Rachel Weisz as Tania Chernova, and Ed Harris as K\u00f6nig, with Joseph Fiennes, Bob Hoskins, Ron Perlman, Eva Mattes, Gabriel Marshall Thomson, and Matthias Habich.", "Q48809": "Oak Ridge is a suburban city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee, about 25 miles (40 km) west of Knoxville. Oak Ridge's population was 29,330 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Knoxville Metropolitan Area. Oak Ridge's nicknames include the Atomic City, the Secret City, the Ridge and the City Behind the Fence.Oak Ridge was established in 1942 as a production site for the Manhattan Project\u2014the massive American, British, and Canadian operation that developed the atomic bomb. As it is still the site of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Y-12 National Security Complex, scientific development still plays a crucial role in the city's economy and culture in general.", "Q276769": "The Searchers is a 1956 American Technicolor VistaVision Western film directed by John Ford, based on the 1954 novel by Alan Le May, set during the Texas\u2013Indian wars, and starring John Wayne as a middle-aged Civil War veteran who spends years looking for his abducted niece (Natalie Wood), accompanied by his adoptive nephew (Jeffrey Hunter). Critic Roger Ebert found Wayne's character, Ethan Edwards, \"one of the most compelling characters Ford and Wayne ever created\".The film was a commercial success. Since its release, it has come to be considered a masterpiece and one of the greatest and most influential films ever made. It was named the greatest American Western by the American Film Institute in 2008, and it placed 12th on the same organization's 2007 list of the 100 greatest American movies of all time. Entertainment Weekly also named it the best Western. The British Film Institute's Sight & Sound magazine ranked it as the seventh-best film of all time based on a 2012 international survey of film critics and in 2008, the French magazine Cahiers du Cin\u00e9ma ranked The Searchers number 10 in their list of the 100 best films ever made.In 1989, The Searchers was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress, and selected for preservation in its National Film Registry; it was one of the first 25 films selected for the registry.\nThe Searchers was the first major film to have a purpose-filmed making-of, requested by John Ford. It deals with most aspects of making the movie, including preparation of the site, construction of props, and filming techniques.", "Q332881": "Jonathan William Patrick Aitken (born 30 August 1942) is an Irish-born British former Conservative Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom (1974\u201397), and a former Cabinet minister. He was convicted of perjury in 1999 and received an 18-month prison sentence, of which he served seven months. Aitken was a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom. After becoming a Christian, he later became the president of Christian Solidarity Worldwide and was ordained in the Church of England.", "Q526477": "Master is an American death metal band led by Paul Speckmann. The band was originally formed in Chicago, United States, but later relocated to the Czech Republic.", "Q369113": "Daniel Lapaine (born 15 June 1971) is an Australian stage, film and television actor, currently residing in London. He also works as a writer and director.", "Q119458": "Marianne Wischmann (1921\u20132009) was a German film and television actress as well as a renowned voice actress.", "Q43974": "Louis the Pious (778 \u2013 20 June 840), also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of the Franks and co-emperor with his father, Charlemagne, from 813. He was also King of Aquitaine from 781.\nAs the only surviving adult son of Charlemagne and Hildegard, he became the sole ruler of the Franks after his father's death in 814, a position which he held until his death, save for the period 833\u201334, during which he was deposed.\nDuring his reign in Aquitaine, Louis was charged with the defence of the empire's southwestern frontier. He conquered Barcelona from the Muslims in 801 and asserted Frankish authority over Pamplona and the Basques south of the Pyrenees in 812. As emperor he included his adult sons, Lothair, Pepin, and Louis, in the government and sought to establish a suitable division of the realm among them. The first decade of his reign was characterised by several tragedies and embarrassments, notably the brutal treatment of his nephew Bernard of Italy, for which Louis atoned in a public act of self-debasement.\nIn the 830s his empire was torn by civil war between his sons, only exacerbated by Louis's attempts to include his son Charles by his second wife in the succession plans. Though his reign ended on a high note, with order largely restored to his empire, it was followed by three years of civil war. Louis is generally compared unfavourably to his father, though the problems he faced were of a distinctly different sort.", "Q106578": "Lotte Flack (born 14 January 1994 in Hamburg) is a German actress.", "Q1092108": "The Cimeti\u00e8re du Grand Jas (Grand Jas Cemetery) is located at 205 avenue de Grasse in Cannes on the French Riviera. The nine hectare terraced cemetery began operations in 1866 and is known for its landscaped architecture with rich floral decorations and statuary.\nIts \"English square\", or Cimeti\u00e8re Anglais, is the final resting place for a number of English people who made Cannes their home. It is dominated by the statue of Henry Peter Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux who played a major role in building the city. The cemetery contains one Commonwealth war grave, of a World War I officer of the King's Royal Rifle Corps.", "Q515095": "Timothy Blake Nelson (born May 11, 1964) is an American actor, writer, and director. His most famous roles include Delmar O'Donnell in O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), Dr. Pendanski in Holes (2003), Daniel \"Danny\" Dalton Jr. in Syriana (2005), Dr. Samuel Sterns in The Incredible Hulk (2008), Richard Schell in Lincoln (2012), Buster Scruggs in The Ballad of Buster Scruggs (2018), and Wade Tillman / Looking Glass in the HBO series Watchmen (2019) for which he was nominated for a Critics' Choice Television Award.", "Q535345": "Francesco Rutelli (born 14 June 1954) is President of Anica, National Association of Film and Audiovisual Industry, since October 2016.\nHe also chairs the \"Centro per un Futuro Sostenibile\" (Centre for a Sustainable Future \u2013 a bipartisan think tank on climate change and environmental issues). He was during 15 years co-president of the European Democratic Party, a centrist European political party and he is now President of the Institute of European Democrats, EDP political foundation. He has been Mayor of Rome 1994\u20132001, and president of the centrist party Democracy is Freedom \u2013 The Daisy 2002\u20132007. He was the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and Tourism in the second cabinet of Prime Minister Romano Prodi 2006\u20132008.. Currently he also chairs Priorit\u00e0 Cultura (Culture First); Incontro di Civilt\u00e0 (Civilizations Meeting); Videocitt\u00e0, Moving Images Festival (Rome, 2018-2019).", "Q96185": "Johann Adolf K\u00f6ster (also Johannes Adolph K\u00f6ster) (c. 1550 \u2013 1630) was a pastor, teacher and historian in B\u00fcsum, Germany. He is better known by his Latin name Neocorus, under which he chronicled the medieval history of Dithmarschen. The Neocorus School in B\u00fcsum was named in his honor in 1995.In addition to documenting historic events, Neocorus also wrote accounts of daily life in Dithmarschen during the late 16th century and collected local lore and anecdotes. For example, his chronicles contain a parallel to the story of the forest of Birnam. Michelsen called Neocorus' chronicles the \"best and richest of Holstein's chronicles\".Neocorus' Chronik des Landes Dithmarschen was the basis for a 44-minute movie produced in Germany narrating the battle of the people of Dithmarschen for independence from Holstein and Denmark during the late Middle Ages.", "Q1181160": "Deanna Bogart (born September 5, 1959, Detroit, Michigan, United States), is an American blues/fusion singer, pianist, and saxophone player/composer/arranger/producer.", "Q111004": "Rolf-Ulrich Kaiser (born June 18, 1943) is a German writer and record producer. He is best known as the founder of the Ohr, Pilz, and Cosmic Couriers record labels. These labels released many of the earliest Krautrock albums in the early 1970s, and Kaiser is often cited as a pivotal figure in the development of the genre.", "Q272527": "Stephanie Beacham (born 28 February 1947) is an English television, radio, film and theatre actress. She is known for her television roles in the BBC drama Tenko (1981\u201382), the ITV drama Connie (1985), and for playing Sable Colby in the ABC soap operas The Colbys (1985\u201387) and Dynasty (1985, 1988\u201389). Her film appearances include Dracula A.D. 1972 (1972), Schizo (1976) and Troop Beverly Hills (1989).\nBeacham began appearing on British television in 1967 and made her big screen debut in the 1970 film The Games, before starring opposite Marlon Brando in the 1971 film The Nightcomers. She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her role in the NBC sitcom Sister Kate (1989\u201390). Her other television roles include Phyl Oswyn in the ITV prison-based drama series Bad Girls (2003\u201306), Martha Fraser in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street (2009), and Lorraine in the Sky One sitcom Trollied (2012). On stage, she starred as Maria Callas in a 2010 UK touring production of the play Master Class.", "Q431651": "Nancy Coleman (December 30, 1912 \u2013 January 18, 2000) was an American film, stage, television and radio actress. After working on radio and appearing on the Broadway stage, Nancy Coleman moved to Hollywood to work for Warner Bros. studios.", "Q1750774": "Roger Rees (5 May 1944 \u2013 10 July 2015) was a Welsh actor and director, widely known for his stage work. He won an Olivier Award and a Tony Award for his performance as the lead in The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby. He also received Obie Awards for his role in The End of the Day and as co-director of Peter and the Starcatcher. Rees was posthumously inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in November 2015.\nHe was widely known to American television audiences for playing the characters Robin Colcord in Cheers and Lord John Marbury in The West Wing.", "Q326604": "David Stuart Sardy (born 1967), more commonly known as D. Sardy, is an American composer, musician, songwriter, and record producer. He came to prominence as the leader of 1990s noise rock band Barkmarket before turning mostly to production work, often with alternative rock, hard rock related genres.", "Q1143235": "Rikkyo University (\u7acb\u6559\u5927\u5b66, Rikky\u014d daigaku), also known as Saint Paul's University, is a private university, in Ikebukuro, Tokyo, Japan.\nRikkyo is known as one of the six leading universities in the field of sports in Tokyo (\u6771\u4eac\u516d\u5927\u5b66 \"Big Six\" \u2014 Rikkyo University, University of Tokyo, Keio University, Waseda University, Meiji University, and Hosei University).\nA leading liberal arts teaching and research institution, the university is the largest Anglican Christian affiliated university in Japan.\nThe university is internationally oriented and involved in numerous international programmes and projects. Rikkyo maintains contact with more than 140 educational institutions abroad for the purpose of exchanging lecturers, students and projects. With more than 700 students from outside Japan, the institution has 20,000 students, and 2,700 teachers and staff members.", "Q495681": "Mohamed Chenik also known as M'hamed Chenik (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0646\u064a\u0642) (born Tunis, May 1889 \u2013 died Rad\u00e8s, November 20, 1976) was a Tunisian politician and businessman. He served as Prime Minister of Tunisia twice, in 1943 under Muhammad VII al-Munsif, and again from 1950 until 1952 under Muhammad VIII al-Amin.", "Q2869080": "Atherton is an incorporated town in San Mateo County, California, United States. Its population was 6,914 as of 2010. \nAtherton is known for its wealth; in 1990 and 2019, Atherton was ranked as having the highest per capita income among U.S. towns with a population between 2,500 and 9,999, and it is regularly ranked as the most expensive ZIP Code in the United States.\n\n", "Q126870": "Justin Michael Mentell (December 16, 1982 \u2013 February 1, 2010) was an American artist and actor. He was best known for his role as Garrett Wells on Boston Legal. He died in a car accident in Iowa County, Wisconsin.", "Q84581": "Maria Luise Anna \"Malu\" Dreyer (born 6 February 1961) is a German politician (SPD). Since 13 January 2013, she has served as Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate. She is the first woman to hold this office. She served a one-year-term as the President of the Bundesrat from 1 November 2016 \u2013 2017, which made her the deputy to the President of Germany while in office. She was the second female President of the Bundesrat and the sixth woman holding one of the five highest federal offices in Germany.\n\n", "Q132805": "Thomas Hardy (2 June 1840 \u2013 11 January 1928) was an English novelist and poet. A Victorian realist in the tradition of George Eliot, he was influenced both in his novels and in his poetry by Romanticism, especially William Wordsworth. He was highly critical of much in Victorian society, especially on the declining status of rural people in Britain, such as those from his native South West England.\nWhile Hardy wrote poetry throughout his life and regarded himself primarily as a poet, his first collection was not published until 1898. Initially, therefore, he gained fame as the author of novels such as Far from the Madding Crowd (1874), The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891), and Jude the Obscure (1895). During his lifetime, Hardy's poetry was acclaimed by younger poets (particularly the Georgians) who viewed him as a mentor. After his death his poems were lauded by Ezra Pound, W. H. Auden and Philip Larkin.Many of his novels concern tragic characters struggling against their passions and social circumstances, and they are often set in the semi-fictional region of Wessex; initially based on the medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom, Hardy's Wessex eventually came to include the counties of Dorset, Wiltshire, Somerset, Devon, Hampshire and much of Berkshire, in southwest and south central England. Two of his novels, Tess of the d'Urbervilles and Far from the Madding Crowd, were listed in the top 50 on the BBC's survey The Big Read.", "Q68529": "Samuel de Champlain (French pronunciation: \u200b[samy\u025bl d\u0259 \u0283\u0251\u0303pl\u025b\u0303]) (about 13 August 1567 \u2013 25 December 1635) was a French colonist, navigator, cartographer, draftsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. He made between 21 and 29 trips across the Atlantic Ocean, and founded Quebec, and New France, on 3 July 1608. An important figure in Canadian history, Champlain created the first accurate coastal map during his explorations, and founded various colonial settlements.\nBorn into a family of mariners, Champlain began exploring North America in 1603, under the guidance of his uncle, Fran\u00e7ois Grav\u00e9 Du Pont. Afer 1603, Champlain\u2019s life and career consolidated into the path he would follow for the rest of his life. From 1604 to 1607, he participated in the exploration and settlement of the first permanent European settlement north of Florida, Port Royal, Acadia (1605), as well as the first European settlement that would become Saint John, New Brunswick (1604). In 1608, he established the French settlement that is now Quebec City. Champlain was the first European to describe the Great Lakes, and published maps of his journeys and accounts of what he learned from the natives and the French living among the Natives. He formed relationships with local Montagnais and Innu, and, later, with others farther west \u2014 tribes of the (Ottawa River, Lake Nipissing, and Georgian Bay), and with Algonquin and Wendat; he also agreed to provide assistance in the Beaver Wars against the Iroquois. Late in the year of 1615, Champlain returned to the Wendat and stayed with them over the winter, which permitted him to make the first ethnographic observations of this important nation, the events of which form the bulk of his book Voyages et Descovvertvres faites en la Novvelle France, depuis l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1615 published in 1619.In 1620, Louis XIII of France ordered Champlain to cease exploration, return to Quebec, and devote himself to the administration of the country. In every way but formal title, Samuel de Champlain served as Governor of New France, a title that may have been formally unavailable to him owing to his non-noble status. He established trading companies that sent goods, primarily fur, to France, and oversaw the growth of New France in the St. Lawrence River valley until his death, in 1635.\nChamplain is memorialized as the \"Father of New France\" and \"Father of Acadia\", with many places, streets, and structures in northeastern North America bearing his name, most notably Lake Champlain.\n\n", "Q94792": "Kana\u0142 (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8kanaw], Sewer) is a 1956 Polish film directed by Andrzej Wajda. It was the first film made about the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, telling the story of a company of Home Army resistance fighters escaping the Nazi onslaught through the city's sewers. Kana\u0142 is the second film of Wajda's War Trilogy, preceded by A Generation and followed by Ashes and Diamonds.\nThe film was the winner of the Special Jury Award at the 1957 Cannes Film Festival.\n\n", "Q612024": "Contemporary classical music is classical music relative to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 modern forms of post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music, and post-minimalism.\n\n", "Q29213": "Tarja Kaarina Halonen ([t\u0251rj\u0251 k\u0251\u02d0rin\u0251 h\u0251lonen] (listen); born 24 December 1943) is a Finnish politician who served as the 11th President of Finland, and the first woman to hold the position, from 2000 to 2012. She first rose to prominence as a lawyer with the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK), and as the Prime Minister's parliamentary secretary (1974\u20131975) and a member of the City Council of Helsinki (1977\u20131996). Halonen was a Social Democratic Party member of parliament from 1979 until her election to the presidency in 2000. She also served as a minister at the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health from 1987 to 1990, as Minister of Justice from 1990 to 1991, and as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1995 to 2000.\nHalonen was an extremely popular president, with her approval ratings reaching a peak of 88 percent in December 2003. She was re-elected in 2006, defeating National Coalition Party candidate Sauli Niinist\u00f6 in the second round by 51% to 48%. Ineligible to run in the 2012 presidential elections because of term limits, Halonen left office on 1 March 2012 and was succeeded by Niinist\u00f6.\nWidely known for her interest in human rights issues, Halonen served as the chairperson of the Finnish LGBT rights organization Seta in the 1980s, and she actively participated in the discussion of issues such as women's rights and the problems of globalization during her presidency. In 2006, she was mentioned by various commentators as a potential candidate for the United Nations Secretary-General selection, but she denied an interest at that time, stating that she wanted to finish her term as president before thinking about other career options. In 2009, Forbes named her among the 100 most powerful women in the world.Halonen is a member of the Council of Women World Leaders, an international network of current and former women presidents and prime ministers whose mission is to mobilize the highest-level women leaders globally for collective action on issues of critical importance to women and equitable development.", "Q719603": "Lyndall Fownes Urwick (3 March 1891 \u2013 5 December 1983) was a British management consultant and business thinker. He is recognised for integrating the ideas of earlier theorists like Henri Fayol into a comprehensive theory of management administration. He wrote an influential book called The Elements of Business Administration, published in 1943. With Luther Gulick, he founded the academic journal Administrative Science Quarterly.", "Q517682": "Andr\u00e9 Castelot, born Andr\u00e9 Storms (23 January 1911, Antwerp \u2013 18 July 2004, Neuilly-sur-Seine), was a French writer and scriptwriter born in Belgium. He was the son of the Symbolist painter Maurice Chabas and Gabrielle Storms-Castelot, and the brother of the film actor Jacques Castelot. He wrote more than one hundred books, mostly biographies of famous people.", "Q506957": "Marcelo Figueras (born 1962 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is a writer and a screenwriter.", "Q76717": "Claudia Maria Schiffer (German pronunciation: [\u02c8kla\u028a\u032fdi\u032fa \u02c8\u0283\u026af\u0250]; born 25 August 1970) is a German model, actress, fashion designer, and executive producer, based in the United Kingdom. She rose to fame in the early 1990s as one of the world's most successful models, cementing her supermodel status. In her early career, she was compared to Brigitte Bardot.She has appeared on more than one thousand magazine covers and holds the record for the model with the most magazine covers, listed in the Guinness Book of World Records. In 2002, Forbes estimated her net worth to be around US$55 million.", "Q7258523": "A puerperal disorder or postpartum disorder is a disorder which presents primarily during the puerperium, or postpartum period. The postpartum period can be divided into three distinct stages; the initial or acute phase, 6\u201312 hours after childbirth; subacute postpartum period, which lasts 2\u20136 weeks, and the delayed postpartum period, which can last up to six months. In the subacute postpartum period, 87% to 94% of women report at least one health problem. Long term health problems (persisting after the delayed postpartum period) are reported by 31% of women.The World Health Organization (WHO) describes the postpartum period as the most critical and yet the most neglected phase in the lives of mothers and babies; most maternal and newborn deaths occur during the postpartum period.", "Q324013": "Twentynine Palms is a 2003 film directed by Bruno Dumont.\n\n", "Q266552": "My Best Friend's Girl is a 2008 romantic comedy film by Howard Deutch and stars Dane Cook, Kate Hudson, Jason Biggs, Diora Baird, Alec Baldwin, and Lizzy Caplan. It was released on September 19, 2008.", "Q802": "Nowy S\u0105cz (Polish: pronounced [\u02c8n\u0254v\u0258\u031f\u02c8s\u0254\u0303\u0288\u0361\u0282]; Hungarian: \u00dajszandec; Silesian: Nowy S\u016fncz) is a city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of southern Poland. It is the district capital of Nowy S\u0105cz County as a separate administrative unit. Founded by the Duke of Cracow on 8 November 1292, New Sacz (known also by other names) is one of the oldest cities in the Lesser Poland region, with a population of around 83,896 as of 2018.\n\n", "Q352185": "Sol Ho\u02bbopi\u02bbi (Hawaiian pronunciation: [\u02ccho\u0294o\u02c8pi\u0294i]) (1902\u201316 November 1953) was born Solomon Ho\u02bbopi\u02bbi Ka\u02bbai\u02bbai in Honolulu, Hawaii. He was a Native Hawaiian guitarist, claimed by many as the all-time best lap steel guitar virtuoso, and he is one of the most famous original Hawaiian steel guitarists, along with Joseph Kekuku, Frank Ferera, Sam Ku West and \"King\" Bennie Nawahi.", "Q69637": "Katja Flint (born 11 November 1959 in Stadthagen, Lower Saxony) is a German actress. She has appeared in over 100 film and television productions since 1982. Among her more notable roles is Marlene Dietrich in the film biopic Marlene (2000).\nBorn in Germany, Flint grew up in Utah and was married to German actor Heiner Lauterbach between 1985 and 2001, although they already separated in 1991. They have a son named Oscar who was born in 1988. She was in long-term relationships with Bernd Eichinger, a German film-producer, in the 1990s and Peter Handke, an Austrian author, in the early 2000s.", "Q1575570": "Herbert Clayton Penny (September 18, 1918 \u2013 April 17, 1992) was an accomplished banjo player and practitioner of Western swing. He worked as a comedian best known for his backwoods character \"That Plain Ol' Country Boy\" on TV with Spade Cooley. He was married to country singer Sue Thompson from 1953\u201363.", "Q57901": "Abdelmalek Sellal (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u200e, romanized: \u02bfAbd al-M\u0101lik Sil\u0101l; born 1 August 1948) is an Algerian politician who was Prime Minister of Algeria from 3 September 2012 to 13 March 2014 and again from April 2014 to May 2017.\n\n", "Q115262": "Jeanine Meerapfel (born 14 June 1943) is a German-Argentine film director and screenwriter. She has directed 17 films since 1966. In 1984, she was a member of the jury at the 34th Berlin International Film Festival.She was born in 1943 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and moved to Ulm, Germany in 1964 to study at the Institute for Film at the Academy of Art and Design. In 1981, her debut feature film Malou was an autobiographical story of a woman's life in Germany, France and Argentina. The film won the FIPRESCI prize at the Cannes Film Festival, as well as awards at the San Sebasti\u00e1n International Film Festival. Critics noted that Malou's style was distinct from other autobiographical feminist films in New German Cinema. Her 1987 film Days to Remember was entered into the 37th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q71078": "Kurt Julius Goldstein (3 November 1914 \u2013 24 September 2007) was a German journalist and a former broadcast director.", "Q435437": "Ingeborga Edmundovna Dapk\u016bnait\u0117 (born 20 January 1963) is \u0430 Lithuanian and Russian theatre and cinema actress, who plays mostly in Russian films. She is a winner of the prize \"Nika\" in 1994 for Best Actress.", "Q334200": "For the politician of the same name, see Christian Krohg (government minister).Christian Krohg (13 August 1852 \u2013 16 October 1925) was a Norwegian naturalist painter, illustrator, author and journalist. Krohg was inspired by the realism art movement and often chose motives from everyday life. He was the director and served as the first professor at the Norwegian Academy of Arts from 1909 to 1925.", "Q173681": "Robert 'Rob' Schroeder (May 11, 1926 \u2212 December 3, 2011) was a racing driver from the United States, born in El Dorado. He lived in Medina, Wisconsin and participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1962 United States Grand Prix, on October 7, 1962. He finished tenth, seven laps behind the winner, and scored no championship points. He died after suffering from a short period of ill-health and heart problems in a Dallas hospital in 2011.", "Q49281": "Marina Lavrentievna Popovich (n\u00e9e Vasiliyeva; July 20, 1931 \u2013 November 30, 2017) was a Soviet Air Force colonel, engineer, and decorated Soviet test pilot. In 1964, she became the third woman and the first Soviet woman to break the sound barrier. Known as \"Madame MiG\", for her work in the Soviet fighter, she set more than one hundred aviation world records on over 40 types of aircraft over her career.", "Q954332": "Moonsorrow is a Finnish pagan metal band formed in Helsinki in 1995. Musically, the band incorporates elements of black metal and folk metal in their sound. The band call their sound \"epic heathen metal\" and try to distance themselves from the term \"Viking metal\". They have distanced themselves from other folk metal bands, emphasising that their music is pagan and spiritual and is challenging for its listeners, rather than happy or danceable. The band members have varying levels of pagan belief but they draw on pagan spirituality for lyrics and inspiration.", "Q69151": "Nicolaus Reimers Baer (2 February 1551 \u2013 16 October 1600), also Reimarus Ursus, Nicolaus Reimers B\u00e4r or Nicolaus Reymers Baer, was an astronomer and imperial mathematician to Emperor Rudolf II. Due to his family's background, he was also known as B\u00e4r, Latinized to Ursus (\"bear\").\nReimers was born in Hennstedt and received hardly any education in his youth, herding pigs until the age of 18. Yet, Heinrich Rantzau discovered his talents and employed him from 1574 to 1584 as geometer. Accordingly, Reimers in 1580 published a Latin Grammar and in 1583 his Geodaesia Ranzoviana. Rantzau also arranged a meeting with Tycho Brahe.\nFrom 1585 to 1586 he was employed as a private tutor in Pomerania and from 1586 to 1587, Reimers stayed at the court of William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel in Kassel, where he met Swiss instrument maker Jost B\u00fcrgi (1552\u20131632). Both were autodidacts and thus had a similar background. As B\u00fcrgi did not understand Latin, Reimers translated Copernicus' De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium into German for B\u00fcrgi. A copy of the translation survived in Graz, it is thus called \"Grazer Handschrift\".Reimers was a bitter rival of Tycho Brahe (his successor as imperial mathematician) after he tried to claim the Tychonic system as his own. Tycho complained that Ursus had plagiarized both his system of the world, as well as the publication of the mathematical model of prosthaphaeresis. History has sided with Ursus on the later issue, and he had stated that the technique was the invention of Paul Wittich and Jost B\u00fcrgi.\nIn 1588 he claimed to have devised a model of the solar system where the planets revolved around the Sun, while the Earth only spun around on its axis. In this he differed from Copernicus, who had postulated also that the Earth orbited the Sun. Ursus objected to the Copernican model as it violated the Aristotelian principle of not allowing more than one natural movement by a body.\nJohannes Kepler committed a faux pas early in his career by sending a laudatory letter to Reimers while seeking the patronage of Tycho. Ursus published the letter in the preface to his work claiming priority for Tycho's cosmological ideas.But unlike Tycho's geoheliocentric system in which the Earth does not rotate and the Martian and Solar orbits intersect, in that of Ursus and his follower Roslin the Earth had a daily rotation and also the Martian and Solar orbits do not intersect, thus avoiding the Tychonic conclusion in respect of the Martian orbit that there are no solid celestial spheres on the ground that they cannot possibly interpenetrate. But on the other hand the orbits of Mercury and Venus would obviously intersect the Martian orbit in Reimers' illustration of his model, and indeed also intersect Jupiter's orbit.\nHowever Kepler discovered Tycho had posited intersecting Martian and Solar orbits because he had mistakenly concluded from his data that at opposition Mars was closer to the Earth than the Sun was. The source of the error was a research assistants' mistaken calculation of Mars's daily parallax from observations during its 1582-3 opposition as greater than that of the Sun's presumed 3' parallax. Kepler discovered Tycho\u2019s observations revealed little or no Martian parallax, implying it was further than the Sun at opposition. This would have refuted Tycho's system in favour of Ursus's and Roslin's. It seems it has yet to be determined whether the dominant astronomical system of the 17th century was the geoheliocentric system of Tycho or that of Ursus and Roslin at least in respect of non-intersecting Solar and Martian orbits, and also in that of the Earth's rotation or not.\nReimers died in Prague.", "Q76071": "Julius Faucher (13 June 1820 in Berlin \u2013 12 June 1878 in Rome) was a German journalist and a significant advocate of liberalism and free trade. He was one of the first to advocate privatizing the security functions of the state, which would eliminate taxation, therefore coming up with \"a form of individualist anarchism, or, as it would be called today, anarcho-capitalism or market anarchism\".", "Q82696": "Eric XL Singleton (born Eric Newkirt Singleton, November 6, 1968, New York City), also known as XLarge, is an American former rapper, songwriter and assistant manager, who has appeared on many dance music productions, significantly on Modern Talking songs, such as \"You're My Heart, You're My Soul '98\", \"China In Her Eyes\", and \"Last Exit to Brooklyn\".", "Q282818": "Irina Ivanovna Alfyorova PAR (Russian: \u0418\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0444\u0451\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430; born 13 March 1951, Novosibirsk, Soviet Union) is a Soviet and Russian actress. She was formerly married to Russian film and stage actor Aleksandr Abdulov, he adopted her daughter, Ksenia (from marriage to a Bulgarian diplomat Boyko Gyurov).", "Q914716": "The Robins were a successful and influential American R&B group of the late 1940s and 1950s, one of the earliest such vocal groups who established the basic pattern for the doo-wop sound. They were founded by Ty Terrell, and twin brothers Billy Richards and Roy Richards. Bobby Nunn soon joined the line-up. They began their career as the Bluebirds but switched to recording as the Robins in May, 1949. In 1955, the group disagreed over whether to remain on the West Coast or sign with Atlantic Records and move to the East Coast. This led to a split within the group. Music producers and songwriters Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller took former Robins members Nunn and Carl Gardner, recruited singers Leon Hughes and Billy Guy, and formed the Coasters. The founding Richards brothers and Tyrell continued to record as the Robins until 1961.", "Q2629095": "Christos Dimitriou Lambrakis (Greek: \u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2; 24 February 1934 \u2013 21 December 2009) was the owner of Lambrakis Press Group (DOL), one of the largest newspaper groups in Greece, and arguably the most influential.", "Q60613": "Christian Friedrich Henrici (January 14, 1700 \u2013 May 10, 1764), writing under the pen name Picander, was a German poet and librettist for many of the cantatas which Johann Sebastian Bach composed in Leipzig.\nHenrici was born in Stolpen. He studied law at Wittenberg and Leipzig. He wrote to supplement his income from tutoring and continued even after obtaining regular employment as a civil servant.", "Q935900": "Daniel Saul Goldin (born July 23, 1940) served as the 9th and longest-tenured Administrator of NASA from April 1, 1992, to November 17, 2001. He was appointed by President George H. W. Bush and also served under Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush.\n\n", "Q471513": "John Daniel \"Danny\" Olivas (born May 25, 1965 in North Hollywood, California) is an American engineer and a former NASA astronaut. Olivas has flown on two space shuttle missions, STS-117 and STS-128. He performed EVAs on both missions, totaling 34hrs 28min.\nIn 2013 Olivas joined the University of Texas at El Paso as Director of the Center for the Advancement of Space Safety and Mission Assurance Research (CASSMAR) and will oversee space initiatives on campus.", "Q319392": "Marlon David Jackson (born March 12, 1957) is an American entertainer, singer, and dancer. Jackson was a member of the Jackson 5, and is the sixth child of the Jackson family.\n\n", "Q661974": "Frutigen-Niedersimmental District in the Canton of Bern was created on 1 January 2010. It is part of the Oberland administrative region. It contains 13 municipalities with an area of 773.93 km2 (298.82 sq mi) and a population (as of December 2008) of 38,871.", "Q2046609": "Jean Baptiste \u00c9douard Verreaux (16 September 1810 \u2013 14 March 1868) was a French naturalist, collector and dealer. He was the brother of Jules Verreaux (1807-1873).In 1830 Verreaux travelled to South Africa to help his brother pack up a large consignment of specimens. He returned in 1832 before continuing to Sumatra, Java, the Philippines and Indo-China. In 1834 he took control of the family's natural history business in Paris.", "Q213873": "Marie Steiner-von Sivers (born Marie von Sivers, 14 March 1867 \u2013 27 December 1948) was the second wife of Rudolf Steiner and one of his closest colleagues. She made a great contribution to the development of anthroposophy, particularly in her work on the renewal of the performing arts (eurythmy, speech and drama), and the editing and publishing of Rudolf Steiner's literary estate.", "Q223768": "McFly are an English pop punk band formed in London in 2003. The band took their name from the Back to the Future character Marty McFly. The band consists of Tom Fletcher (lead vocals, guitar, and piano), Danny Jones (lead vocals, harmonica, and guitar), Dougie Poynter (bass guitar) and Harry Judd (drums). They were signed to Island Records from their 2004 launch until December 2007, before creating their own label, Super Records.McFly rose to fame after fellow band Busted helped launch them by inviting them to tour in 2004. In 2005, they won the Brit Award for Best British Pop Act. McFly's debut album Room on the 3rd Floor debuted at number 1 in the UK Album Chart and is certified as double platinum; this led to them becoming known as the youngest band ever to have an album debut at number one\u2014a title taken from The Beatles. A month after the album was released, the band had their first UK headlining tour.The band's second album, Wonderland, which was released in 2005, also charted at number 1 in the UK making them the youngest band to have topped the UK album charts twice. Their third album, Motion in the Ocean, was released on 6 November 2006 and charted at number 6 in the UK. McFly released their All the Greatest Hits compilation album on 5 November 2007, which charted at number 4 in the UK. The band's fourth studio album, Radio:Active, was given away for free as a supplement in the Mail on Sunday on 20 July 2008, before being released in the conventional manner (via physical release) on 2 September 2008. Fifth album Above the Noise was released in November 2010 and charted at number 20. As of 2016, McFly have had 18 consecutive UK top 20 singles, seven of which reached number one in the UK Singles Chart and seventeen of which were consecutive top ten singles.\nAccording to the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), McFly has been certified for 2 million albums and 1.8 million singles in the UK. and more than 10 million records worldwide.\nIn 2006, McFly appeared as themselves in the film Just My Luck, starring Lindsay Lohan and Chris Pine. They released a US album, Just My Luck, which was also used as the film's soundtrack. They have also performed at various charity projects such as Comic Relief, Children in Need, Live 8, Sport Relief and Earth Hour.\nIn November 2013, it was announced that McFly would be joining forces with Busted to form the \"supergroup\" McBusted. They played a 34-date tour with both Busted and McFly songs. The only member of the original groups not to participate in the new lineup was former Busted singer Charlie Simpson. After Simpson's return to Busted in November 2015, McFly made a return and sold out their Anthology Tour in September 2016. After that, the band took an indefinite hiatus, with their Twitter account confirming that the boys are focusing on solo projects in 2018. In January 2019, Poynter confirmed via a podcast that the band would be reforming that year with a new album and tour. In September the band announced a new album of previously unreleased material and a concert at the O2 Arena in November 2019, followed by a 2020 come-back arena tour.", "Q24051": "Gloria Dickson (August 13, 1917 \u2013 April 10, 1945) was an American stage and screen actress of the 1930s and 1940s.", "Q379466": "Go is a 2001 coming-of-age movie, directed by Isao Yukisada, based on Kazuki Kaneshiro's novel of the same title, which tells the story of a Japanese-born North Korean teenager Sugihara (Kubozuka Y\u014dsuke) and a prejudiced Japanese girl Tsubaki Sakurai (K\u014d Shibasaki) whom he falls for.\n\n", "Q72217": "Karl-Eduard von Schnitzler (28 April 1918 \u2013 20 September 2001) was an East German communist propagandist and host of the television show Der schwarze Kanal (German: The Black Channel) from 21 March 1960 to 30 October 1989.", "Q311916": "Uday Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti (Arabic: \u0639\u062f\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u200e; c. 1964 - 22 July 2003) was the eldest child of Saddam Hussein by his first wife, Sajida Talfah, and the brother of Qusay Hussein. Uday was seen for several years as the likely successor to his father, but lost the place as heir apparent to Qusay due to injuries he sustained in an assassination attempt. \nWitness allegations have suggested that Uday was guilty of rape, murder, and torture, including the arrest and torture of Iraqi Olympic athletes and members of the national football team whenever they lost a match.Following the United States-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, he was killed alongside his brother Qusay and nephew Mustapha by an American task force after a prolonged gunfight in Mosul.\n\n", "Q287960": "Legion is a 2010 American apocalyptic fantasy action horror film directed by Scott Stewart and co-written by Stewart and Peter Schink. The cast includes Paul Bettany, Lucas Black, Tyrese Gibson, Adrianne Palicki, Kate Walsh, and Dennis Quaid. Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions Group acquired most of this film's worldwide distribution rights, and the group opened this film in North America theatrically on January 22, 2010, through Screen Gems.A television series called Dominion, set 25 years after the end of the film, premiered on the American cable television network Syfy on June 19, 2014.", "Q151352": "Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland (20 April 1785 \u2013 11 February 1847), styled Earl Percy until 1817, was a British aristocrat and Tory politician who served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland under the Duke of Wellington from 1829 to 1830.", "Q64461": "Neuenhof is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, located in the Limmat Valley (German: Limmattal).", "Q178918": "Robert II (27 March 972 \u2013 20 July 1031), called the Pious (French: le Pieux) or the Wise (French: le Sage), was King of the Franks from 996 to 1031, the second from the House of Capet. He was born in Orl\u00e9ans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine. Robert distinguished himself with an extraordinarily long reign for the time. His 35-year-long reign was marked by his attempts to expand the royal domain by any means, especially by his long struggle to gain the Duchy of Burgundy. His policies earned him many enemies, including three of his sons. He was also known for his difficult marriages: he married three times, annulling two of these and attempting to annul the third, prevented only by the Pope's refusal to accept a third annulment.\n\n", "Q80095": "Kenzabur\u014d \u014ce (\u5927\u6c5f \u5065\u4e09\u90ce, \u014ce Kenzabur\u014d, born 31 January 1935) is a Japanese writer and a major figure in contemporary Japanese literature. His novels, short stories and essays, strongly influenced by French and American literature and literary theory, deal with political, social and philosophical issues, including nuclear weapons, nuclear power, social non-conformism, and existentialism. \u014ce was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1994 for creating \"an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today\".", "Q309195": "The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution owned by central banks which \"fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks\".\nThe BIS carries out its work through its meetings, programmes and through the Basel Process \u2013 hosting international groups pursuing global financial stability and facilitating their interaction. It also provides banking services, but only to central banks and other international organizations. It is based in Basel, Switzerland, with representative offices in Hong Kong and Mexico City.", "Q436894": "Annabella (born Suzanne Georgette Charpentier, 14 July 1907 \u2013 18 September 1996) was a French cinema actress who appeared in 46 films between 1927 and 1952, including some Hollywood films during the late 1930s and 1940s.", "Q1354097": "Kabul University (KU) (Pashto: \u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200e, romanized: Da K\u0101b\u0259l Pohant\u016bn, Dari: \u067e\u0648\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200e, romanized: Pohant\u016bn-e-K\u0101bul) is one of the major and oldest institutions of higher education in Afghanistan. It is located in the 3rd District of the capital Kabul, near the Ministry of Higher Education. It was founded in 1931 during the government of Mohammed Nadir Shah and then Prime Minister Mohammad Hashim Khan.\nKabul University is attended by approximately 22,000 students. Of these, nearly 43% are female students. The mission of Kabul University is to mature and prosper as an internationally recognised institution of learning and research, a community of stakeholders committed to shared governance, and a centre of innovative thought and practice.\nThe first Faculty of Medicine in Kabul,was established by a group of Turkish Professors of Medicine and Surgery led by Prof.Dr.Rifki Kamil in 1932 in the region of Aliabad.The first Teaching Hospital,called\" The Aliabad Hospital \" was also built here in the campus under the guidance and close supervision of Turkish archeticts and teaching physicians. 1n 1936 by the establishment of Faculty of Law & Political Sciences in the same campus by a Turkish Prof.Dr.Mehmed Ali Da\u011fp\u0131nar and started to enrole student of Law .Therefore,by then these two faculties ( Medicine and School of Law) put the foundation of the present day \"Kabul University\".These attending Professors of Medicine & Surgery who had gone to Afghanistan under an official agreement between the governments of Afghanistan and The Turkish Republic served in Kabul University between 1932-1952.Later on, a French Professor called Dr.Pierre Bolange attended as the Dean of Faculty of Medicine after the previous Turkish Dean; Prof.Zuhtu Bey who left Kabul for Ankara in 1952.The first graduates of the Faculty of Medicine were nine people most of whom played significant roles in the administrative and university cummunity reforms of this country.For instance ,Dr.Muhammad Yusuf ( The prime minister ),Prof.Dr.Fattah Najeem were some of them.", "Q24045": "Mar\u00eda del Rosario Guti\u00e9rrez Eskildsen (Villahermosa, Tabasco, April 16, 1899 \u2013 Mexico City May 12, 1979) was a Mexican lexicographer, linguist, educator, and poet who is remembered for her studies on the regional peculiarities of speech in her home state of Tabasco as well as for her pioneering work as a teacher and pedagogue in Tabasco and throughout Mexico. She has at times been described as Tabasco's first woman \"professionist\".\nThe community of Mar\u00eda del Rosario Guti\u00e9rrez Eskildsen in Centla Municipality, Tabasco, is named in her honor.", "Q865851": "A supermodel (also spelled super-model and super model) is a highly paid fashion model who usually has a worldwide reputation and often a background in haute couture and commercial modeling. The term supermodel became prominent in the popular culture of the 1980s and 90s.Supermodels usually work for prominent fashion designers and clothing brands. They may have multimillion-dollar contracts, endorsements, and campaigns. Supermodels have branded themselves as household names and worldwide recognition is associated with their modeling careers. They have been on the covers of magazines such as French, British, American, and Italian Vogue. Claudia Schiffer stated in 2007 that \"In order to become a supermodel one must be on all the covers all over the world at the same time so that people can recognise the girls.\"", "Q298854": "Heather Marie Tom (born November 4, 1975) is an American actress and television director. She is best known for her acting work on various soap operas, with her best known roles being Victoria Newman on The Young and the Restless, Kelly Cramer on One Life to Live and, since 2007, Katie Logan on The Bold and the Beautiful.", "Q289781": "Hossein Khosrow Ali Vaziri (Persian: \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200e; born March 15, 1942), better known by his ring name The Iron Sheik, is an Iranian retired professional wrestler, amateur wrestler and actor. Vaziri is the first-and-only Iranian world champion in WWE history, having won the WWF World Heavyweight Championship in 1983. Coming off the Iranian hostage crisis, The Iron Sheik is considered to be one of the greatest heels of all time. His villainous character peaked during the 1980s WWF wrestling boom and his rivalry with Hulk Hogan turned Hogan into one of the greatest television heroes of the decade. He would later form a tag team with Nikolai Volkoff, with whom he won the WWF Tag Team Championship at the inaugural WrestleMania event. In 2005, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame.\nA heel throughout the 1980s, he later gained popularity on Kidd Chris, The Howard Stern Show, and on the internet due to his shoot interviews, vulgar language, and his intense dislike for some of his fellow professional wrestlers including B. Brian Blair.", "Q470619": "Jason Richard Hunter (born July 6, 1970), better known by his stage name Inspectah Deck, is an American rapper, producer, and actor. He is a member of the groups Wu-Tang Clan and Czarface.He has acquired critical praise for his intricate lyricism, and for his verses on many of the group's most revered songs. He has grown to become a producer in his own right, taking up tracks for fellow Wu rappers and his own projects.", "Q116019": "Pierre de Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville (10 May 1752 \u2013 23 April 1821) was a French general during the French Revolutionary Wars and later a marshal of France and Deputy Grand Master of Grand Orient de France.", "Q66276": "Kurt Kl\u00e4ber (4 November 1897 in Jena, Germany \u2013 9 December 1959 in Sorengo, Switzerland) was a Jewish Communist and writer displaced from Germany during the Second World War. He has also been published under the pseudonym Kurt Held. He married writer Lisa Tetzner.", "Q153545": "Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein (24 September 1583 \u2013 25 February 1634), also von Waldstein (Czech: Albrecht V\u00e1clav Eusebius z Vald\u0161tejna), was a Bohemian military leader and statesman who fought on the Catholic side during the Thirty Years' War (1618\u20131648). His successful martial career made him one of the richest and most influential men in the Holy Roman Empire by the time of his death. Wallenstein became the supreme commander of the armies of the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand II and was a major figure of the Thirty Years' War.\nWallenstein was born in the Kingdom of Bohemia into a poor Protestant noble family. He acquired a multilingual university education across Europe and converted to Catholicism in 1606. A marriage in 1609 to the wealthy widow of a Bohemian landowner gave him access to considerable estates and wealth after her death at an early age in 1614. Three years later, Wallenstein embarked on a career as a mercenary by raising forces for the Holy Roman Emperor in the Uskok War against the Republic of Venice.\nWallenstein fought for the Catholics in the Protestant Bohemian revolt of 1618 and was awarded estates confiscated from the rebels after their defeat at White Mountain in 1620. A series of military victories against the Protestants raised Wallenstein's reputation in the Imperial court and in 1625 he raised a large army of 50,000 men to further the Imperial cause. A year later, he administered a crushing defeat to the Protestants at Dessau Bridge. For his successes, Wallenstein became an Imperial count palatine and made himself ruler of the lands of the Duchy of Friedland in northern Bohemia.An imperial generalissimo by land, and Admiral of the Baltic Sea from 21 April 1628, Wallenstein found himself released from service in 1630 after Ferdinand grew wary of his ambition. Several Protestant victories over Catholic armies induced Ferdinand to recall Wallenstein (Gollersdorf April 1632), who then defeated the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus at Alte Veste and killed him at L\u00fctzen. \nWallenstein realised the war could last decades and in the Summer of 1633 arranged a series of armistices to negotiate peace. These proved to be his undoing as plotters accused him of treachery and Emperor Ferdinand II ordered his assassination. Dissatisfied with the Emperor's treatment of him, Wallenstein considered allying with the Protestants. However, he was assassinated at Eger in Bohemia by one of the army's officials, with the emperor's approval.", "Q435345": "Jessica Robyn Bowman (born November 26, 1980) is an American actress known for her role as Colleen Cooper on Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman.", "Q69145": "Kurt Gscheidle (16 December 1924 in Stuttgart \u2013 22 February 2003 in Saarbr\u00fccken) was a German politician affiliated to the Social Democratic Party (SPD). \nGscheidle trained as a mechanic with the Deutsche Reichspost until 1942, when he was called up by the Wehrmacht. In 1948 he returned from war captivity, began studies at the Dortmund University of Technology and graduated as an engineer. In 1953 Gscheidle became an official of the Deutsche Bundespost labor union and was elected Vice-Chairman in 1957. He had joined the SPD in 1956, from 1961 until 1969 and again from 1976 to 1980 he was a member of the Bundestag.\nIn 1969 Gscheidle was a nominee for Chairman of the German Confederation of Trade Unions (DGB) but had to step down in favour of Heinz Oskar Vetter. He then served as a secretary of state at the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications and from 1974 as Minister of Transport (until 1980) and Post and Telecommunications (until 1982) under Helmut Schmidt in the latter's three terms as Federal Chancellor.", "Q473310": "Saira Shah (born 5 October 1964) is an author, reporter and documentary filmmaker. She produces, writes and narrates current affairs films.", "Q499911": "The University of Turin (Italian: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, or often abbreviated to UNITO) is a university in the city of Turin in the Piedmont region of north-western Italy. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe (one of the oldest in history), and continues to play an important role in research and training. It is steadily ranked among the top 5 Italian universities and it is ranked third for research activities in Italy, according to the latest data by ANVUR.", "Q375248": "Cutie Honey (\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u30cf\u30cb\u30fc, Ky\u016bt\u012b Han\u012b) is a 2004 Japanese tokusatsu film directed by Hideaki Anno. It is an adaptation of the 1970s manga and anime series Cutie Honey.\nThe film stars popular Japanese model Eriko Sato as the hyperactive Honey. The film loosely retells the classic story of Cutie Honey's battle to defend humanity and avenge her father against Panther Claw. In this version, Honey's powers come from the Imaginary Induction System. Called I-system for short, the name is a pun on the word \"love\" (\u611b, ai). Villains Honey faces include Sister Jill, Gold Claw, Cobalt Claw, Scarlet Claw, and Black Claw. The film also features a cameo by series creator Go Nagai.\nCutie Honey was followed two months later by an OVA series, Re: Cutie Honey, based on the film. In North America, the film was released direct-to-DVD on April 17, 2007 by Bandai Entertainment. Previously, the 1994 New Cutie Honey OVA was the only incarnation of Cutie Honey to have been commercially released in the United States.", "Q93957": "Gary Cooper (born Frank James Cooper; May 7, 1901 \u2013 May 13, 1961) was an American actor known for his natural, authentic, and understated acting style. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice and had a further three nominations, as well as receiving an Academy Honorary Award for his career achievements in 1961. He was one of the top 10 film personalities for 23 consecutive years, and one of the top money-making stars for 18 years. The American Film Institute (AFI) ranked Cooper at No. 11 on its list of the 25 greatest male stars of classic Hollywood cinema.\nCooper's career spanned 36 years, from 1925 to 1961, and included leading roles in 84 feature films. He was a major movie star from the end of the silent film era through to the end of the golden age of Classical Hollywood. His screen persona appealed strongly to both men and women, and his range of performances included roles in most major film genres. His ability to project his own personality onto the characters he played contributed to his natural and authentic appearance on screen. Throughout his career, he sustained a screen persona that represented the ideal American hero.\nCooper began his career as a film extra and stunt rider, but soon landed acting roles. After establishing himself as a Western hero in his early silent films, he appeared as the Virginian and became a movie star in 1929 with his first sound picture, The Virginian. In the early 1930s, he expanded his heroic image to include more cautious characters in adventure films and dramas such as A Farewell to Arms (1932) and The Lives of a Bengal Lancer (1935). During the height of his career, Cooper portrayed a new type of hero\u2014a champion of the common man\u2014in films such as Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), Meet John Doe (1941), Sergeant York (1941), The Pride of the Yankees (1942), and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943). He later portrayed more mature characters at odds with the world in films such as The Fountainhead (1949) and High Noon (1952). In his final films, he played non-violent characters searching for redemption in films such as Friendly Persuasion (1956) and Man of the West (1958).", "Q2393932": "Dmitry Aleksandrovich Lukashenko (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, Belarusian: \u0414\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0440\u044b \u041b\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0448\u044d\u043d\u043a\u0430, Dzmitry Lukashenka; born 23 March 1980) is a Belarusian businessman and son of Alexander Lukashenko, the President of Belarus.\nDmitry Lukashenko graduated from the International Relations faculty of the Belarusian State University. He served in the Border Guard Service of Belarus.He is the head of the Presidential Sports Club.\n\n", "Q433734": "Hildur Ingveldard\u00f3ttir Gu\u00f0nad\u00f3ttir (born 4 September 1982) is an Icelandic musician and composer. A classically trained cellist, she has played and recorded with the bands Pan Sonic, Throbbing Gristle, M\u00fam and St\u00f3rsveit Nix Noltes, and has toured with Animal Collective and Sunn O))). She has also produced solo works.\nHildur has gained international recognition for her film and television scores, including for the action thriller film Sicario: Day of the Soldado (2018), and the HBO miniseries Chernobyl (2019), the latter of which won her a Primetime Emmy Award and a Grammy Award. For her score to the 2019 psychological thriller film Joker, Hildur won the Academy Award for Best Original Score. She also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score, and the BAFTA Award for Best Original Music, making her the first solo female composer to win in both.", "Q60607": "Princess Louise of Prussia (German: Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie von Preu\u00dfen; 1 February 1808 \u2013 6 December 1870) was the third surviving daughter and ninth child of Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.", "Q1252394": "Douglas John McCarthy (born 1 September 1966) is the vocalist of the English EBM band Nitzer Ebb.\nMcCarthy writes and performs with the band. He has appeared on multiple recordings by Recoil and has released material in collaboration with DJ Terence Fixmer as Fixmer/McCarthy. \nHe contributed vocals to tracks by Die Krupps, Motor, KLOQ (band), Client, and more recently Kenneth James Gibson's Reverse Commuter project.After Nitzer Ebb originally split, McCarthy left the music business \u2014 save for his work with Recoil \u2014 and focused on film studies and design in Cambridge. He moved to London in 2000 to work in the advertising field.\n\n", "Q18964": "Birthday Girl is a 2001 erotic comedy thriller film directed by Jez Butterworth. The plot focuses on English bank clerk John Buckingham, who orders a Russian mail-order bride, Nadia. It becomes clear upon her arrival that Nadia cannot speak English, and early into her stay, two mysterious men come to the house claiming to be her cousin and cousin's friend. The film features Nicole Kidman, Ben Chaplin, Mathieu Kassovitz, and Vincent Cassel. English and Russian are spoken interchangeably in the film.\n\n", "Q5806": "Mecca, also spelled Makkah, is a city in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia. The city is located 70 km (43 mi) inland from Jeddah, in a narrow valley 277 m (909 ft) above sea level and 340 kilometres (210 mi) south of Medina. Its population in 2012 was 2 million, although visitors more than triple this number every year during the \u1e24ajj (\"Pilgrimage\"), held in the twelfth Muslim lunar month of Dh\u016bl-\u1e24ijjah.\nIt is the birthplace of Muhammad. A cave 3 km (2 mi) from Mecca was the site of Muhammad's first revelation of the Quran, and a pilgrimage to it, known as the Hajj, is obligatory for all able Muslims. Mecca is home to the Kaaba, one of Islam's holiest sites and the direction of Muslim prayer, and thus Mecca is regarded as the holiest city in Islam.Mecca was long ruled by Muhammad's descendants, the sharifs, acting either as independent rulers or as vassals to larger polities. It was conquered by Ibn Saud in 1925; since then Mecca has seen a tremendous expansion in size and infrastructure, such as the Abraj Al Bait, also known as the Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel, the world's fourth tallest building and the building with the third largest amount of floor area, and lost some historical structures and archaeological sites, such as the Ajyad Fortress. Non-Muslims are prohibited from entering the city.", "Q67168": "Urn\u00e4sch is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Switzerland.", "Q231378": "Zvi Kolitz (Hebrew: \u05e6\u05d1\u05d9 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05e5\u200e; December 14, 1912 \u2013 September 29, 2002) was a Lithuanian-born Jewish film and theatrical producer and a writer whose short story Yosl Rakover Talks to God became a classic of Holocaust literature.", "Q70414": "Soyhi\u00e8res is a municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q189739": "Zenon Przesmycki (pen name Miriam; Radzy\u0144 Podlaski, 22 December 1861 \u2013 17 October 1944, Warsaw), was a Polish poet, translator and art critic of the literary period of M\u0142oda Polska, who studied law in Italy, France and England; and in 1887\u20131888 served as the editor-in-chief of the Warsaw magazine \u017bycie (Life) \u2013 an influential first ever publication on modernism in Poland.", "Q114168": "Dame Mabel Brookes, DBE (15 June 1890 \u2013 30 April 1975) was an Australian community worker, activist, socialite, writer, historian, memoirist and humanitarian. Born Mabel Balcombe Emmerton in Raveloe, South Yarra, Victoria in 1890, her best-known service was as president of the Queen Victoria Hospital from 1923\u20131970, where she presided over the addition of three new wings within ten years.", "Q229251": "Dorothy Jean Dandridge (November 9, 1922 \u2013 September 8, 1965) was an American film and theatre actress, singer, and dancer. She is one of the first black actresses to have a successful Hollywood career and the first to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the 1954 film Carmen Jones. Dandridge performed as a vocalist in venues such as the Cotton Club and the Apollo Theater. During her early career, she performed as a part of The Wonder Children, later The Dandridge Sisters, and appeared in a succession of films, usually in uncredited roles.\nIn 1959, Dandridge was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Porgy and Bess. She is the subject of the 1999 HBO biographical film, Introducing Dorothy Dandridge. She has been recognized with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Dandridge was married and divorced twice, first to dancer Harold Nicholas (the father of her daughter, Harolyn Suzanne) and then to hotel owner Jack Denison. Dandridge died under mysterious circumstances at age 42.", "Q70372": "Friedrich Heinrich Geffcken (December 9, 1830 \u2013 May 1, 1896) was a German diplomatist and jurist, born in Hamburg, of which city his father was senator.After studying law at Bonn, G\u00f6ttingen and Berlin, he was attached In 1854 to the Prussian legation at Paris. In 1856 he was appointed Hamburg's Charg\u00e9 d'affaires to Prussia in Berlin, and then raised in 1859 to Minister-Resident in Berlin of the Hanseatic states (i.e. Bremen and L\u00fcbeck as well). In 1866 he was succeeded in that post by Friedrich Kr\u00fcger, a native of L\u00fcbeck, and moved to London to become the Hanseatic Minister-Resident there, replacing Rudolf Schleiden. However, with the coming of the North German Federation, Hamburg lost control over its foreign affairs outside of Germany and his post in London was abolished in 1869. Geffcken returned home and was appointed a Syndic of the Senate of Hamburg, a position analogous to a government minister. The senior Syndic was Carl Merck who had charge of foreign affairs, while Kirchenpauer was Hamburg\u2019s representative at the new Federal Council in Berlin. Geffcken\u2019s activities covered education and poor relief, and he also spoke on commercial, coin and tax matters. Wishing to turn more to literary endeavours, he resigned as Syndic spring 1872. Appointed in 1872 professor of constitutional history and public law in the reorganized University of Strassburg, Geffcken became in 1880 a member of the council of state of Alsace-Lorraine. Of too nervous a temperament to withstand the strain of the responsibilities of his position, he retired from public service in 1882, and lived henceforth mostly at Munich, where he died, suffocated by an accidental escape of gas into his bedchamber, in 1896.Geffcken was a man of great erudition and wide knowledge and of remarkable legal acumen, and from these qualities proceeded the personal influence he possessed. He was moreover a dear writer and made his mark as an essayist. He was one of the most trusted advisers of the Prussian crown prince, Frederick William (afterwards the emperor Frederick), and it was he (it is said, at Bismarck's suggestion) who drew up the draft of the New German federal constitution, which was submitted to the, crown prince's headquarters at Versailles during the Franco-Prussian War. It was also Geffcken who assisted in framing the famous document which the emperor Frederick, on his accession to the throne in 1888, addressed to the chancellor. This memorandum gave umbrage, and on the publication by Geffcken in the Deutsche Rundschau (Oct. 1888) of extracts from the emperor Frederick's private diary during the Franco-Prussian war, he was, at Bismarck's insistence, prosecuted for high treason. The Reichsgericht (supreme court), however, quashed the indictment, and Geffcken was liberated after being under arrest for three months.Publications of various kinds proceeded from his pen. Among these are Zur Geschichte des orientalischen Krieges 1853\u20131856 (Berlin, i88i); Frankreich, Russland und der Dreibund (Berlin, 1894); and Staat und Kirche (1875), English translation by E. F. Fairfax (1877). His writings on English history have been translated by S. J. Macmullan and published as The British Empire, with essays on Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Palmerston, Beaconsfield, Gladstone, and reform of the House of Lords (1889).", "Q270324": "Patti Ann LuPone (born April 21, 1949) is an American actress and singer, best known for her work in stage musicals. She has won two Grammy Awards, two Tony Awards, and two Olivier Awards. She is also a 2006 American Theater Hall of Fame inductee.LuPone began her professional career with The Acting Company in 1972 and made her Broadway debut in Three Sisters in 1973. She received the first of seven Tony Award nominations for the 1975 musical The Robber Bridegroom. She won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her role as Eva Per\u00f3n in the 1979 original Broadway production of Evita. She played Fantine in the original London cast of Les Mis\u00e9rables and Moll in The Cradle Will Rock, winning the 1985 Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her work in both. She won a second Tony Award for her role as Rose in the 2008 Broadway revival of Gypsy, and a second Olivier Award in 2019, winning Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical for her role as Joanne in the West End revival of Company.\nOther stage musical performances include her Tony-nominated role as Reno Sweeney in the 1987 Broadway revival of Anything Goes, her Olivier-nominated role as Norma Desmond in the 1993 original production of Sunset Boulevard in London, her Tony-nominated role as Mrs. Lovett in the new 2005 Broadway production of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, her Tony-nominated role as Lucia in the 2010 original Broadway production of Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, and her Tony-nominated role as Helena Rubenstein in the 2017 original Broadway production of War Paint. She also won two Grammy Awards for the recording of the 2007 Los Angeles Opera production of Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny in categories of Best Classical Album and Best Opera Recording.\nOn television, she starred in the drama series Life Goes On (1989\u20131993) and received Emmy Award nominations for the TV movie The Song Spinner (1995) and her guest role in the sitcom Frasier (1998). She also had a role in the third season of the FX thriller series American Horror Story: Coven (2013\u20132014) and guest starred in Penny Dreadful (2014\u20132016) before returning in a lead role. She voices the character Yellow Diamond in the animated series Steven Universe (2013\u20132019) and its epilogue series Steven Universe Future (2019\u20132020). She also appeared on The CW comedy Crazy Ex-Girlfriend as Rabbi Shari (2017). Her film appearances include Witness (1985), Driving Miss Daisy (1989), State and Main (2000), Parker (2013), and The Comedian (2016). LuPone has a mezzo-soprano vocal range.", "Q29207": "Sauli V\u00e4in\u00e4m\u00f6 Niinist\u00f6 (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u0251uli \u02c8\u028b\u00e6in\u00e6m\u00f8 \u02c8ni\u02d0nist\u00f8]; born 24 August 1948) is a Finnish politician and the 12th President of Finland, in office since 2012.\nA lawyer by education, Niinist\u00f6 was Chairman of the National Coalition Party from 1994 to 2001, Minister of Justice from 1995 to 1996, Minister of Finance from 1996 to 2003, Deputy Prime Minister from 1995 to 2001 and the National Coalition Party (NCP) candidate in the 2006 presidential election. He served as the Speaker of the Parliament of Finland from 2007 to 2011 and has been the Honorary President of the European People's Party since 2002.\nNiinist\u00f6 was the NCP candidate in the 2012 presidential election, beating Pekka Haavisto of the Green League with 62.6% of the vote in the decisive second round. Niinist\u00f6 assumed office on 1 March 2012, and is the first conservative president since Juho Kusti Paasikivi, who left office in 1956. In May 2017, Niinist\u00f6 announced that he would seek re-election in the 2018 presidential election, running as an independent candidate. NCP and the Christian Democrat Party supported his candidacy. He won re-election in the first round on 28 January 2018 with 62.7% of the vote and his second term began on 1 February 2018.", "Q219392": "Housefull 2 (also known as Housefull 2: The Dirty Dozen) is an 2012 Indian Hindi-language action comedy film directed by Sajid Khan and produced by Sajid Nadiadwala under the banner of Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment. An uncredited remake of the Malayalam film Mattupetti Machan, it is distributed by Eros International, with songs composed by Sajid\u2013Wajid. Housefull 2 is the second installment of the Housefull film franchise. The film features an large ensemble cast of Akshay Kumar, John Abraham, Asin, Jacqueline Fernandez, Riteish Deshmukh, Shreyas Talpade, Zareen Khan, Shazahn Padamsee, Chunky Pandey, Mithun Chakraborty, Rishi Kapoor and Randhir Kapoor, while Johnny Lever, Boman Irani, Neelu Kohli, and Suparna Marwah appear in brief roles, with Malaika Arora in an item number.\nHousefull 2 theatrically released in cinemas on 5 April 2012. Made on a budget of \u20b953 crore (US$7.4 million), it received mixed reviews from critics, but its collection and buzz before release was more than its predecessor. With a worldwide gross of \u20b9186.82 crore (US$26 million), the film proved to be a major economic success, the fifth highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2012 and among the highest-grossing Indian films of all time.", "Q85853": "Karl Ravens (29 June 1927 \u2013 8 September 2017) was a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He served as the Federal Minister of Regional Planning, Construction and Urban Development for West Germany from 1974 to 1978.Ravens died on 8 September 2017, at the age of 90.", "Q809021": "Barry Cowsill (September 14, 1954 \u2013 c. September 2, 2005) was an American musician and member of the musical group the Cowsills.", "Q76703": "Anton Herman Gerard \"Anthony\" Fokker (6 April 1890 \u2013 23 December 1939) was a Dutch aviation pioneer and aircraft manufacturer. He is most famous for the fighter aircraft he produced in Germany during the First World War such as the Eindecker monoplanes, the Dr.1 triplane and the D.VII biplane.\nAfter the Treaty of Versailles forbade Germany to produce airplanes, Fokker moved his business to the Netherlands. There, his company was responsible for a variety of successful aircraft including the Fokker trimotor, a successful passenger aircraft of the inter-war years. He died in New York in 1939. Later authors suggest he was personally charismatic but unscrupulous in business and a controversial character.", "Q816": "Arizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [x\u00f2\u02d0zt\u00f2 x\u0251\u0300x\u00f2\u02d0ts\u00f2]; O'odham: Al\u012d \u1e63onak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [\u02e1a\u027ai \u02e1\u0282onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest.\nArizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912, coinciding with Valentine's Day. Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican\u2013American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.\nSouthern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Alpine, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's seven natural wonders, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.\nAbout one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the United States, with more than 300,000 citizens. Although federal law gave all Native Americans the right to vote in 1924, Arizona excluded those living on reservations in the state from voting until the state Supreme Court ruled in favor of Native American plaintiffs in Trujillo v. Garley (1948).", "Q143030": "Rostislav Ivanovich Yankovsky (Belarusian: \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0456\u0441\u043b\u0430\u045e \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u042f\u043d\u043a\u043e\u045e\u0441\u043a\u0456, Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 5 February 1930 \u2013 26 June 2016) was a Belarusian actor. He was born in Odessa on 5 February 1930, studied in Leninabad and debuted in the Tajik theatre in 1951. Since 1957, he worked in the Minsk Drama Theatre. Yankovsky was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1978. He is the older brother of the more famous Oleg Yankovsky. His son Igor Yankovsky is also an actor. In 1994 he became the Chairman of the Minsk International Film Festival Listapad.\nHe died in Minsk on 26 June 2016 in Minsk, Belarus, aged 86.", "Q86382": "Theodor Kramer (1 January 1897 \u2013 3 April 1958) was an Austrian poet of Jewish origin. He was persecuted during the Second World War and fled to the United Kingdom. After his death his significant poetic output fell into obscurity, but has been rediscovered in recent decades. Several of his poems have been set to music.", "Q65019": "Herbert Eulenberg (1876\u20131949), was a German poet and author born in Cologne-M\u00fclheim, Germany. He was married from 1904 to Hedda Eulenberg.", "Q3271452": "Xiao Gang (Chinese: \u8096\u94a2; pinyin: Xi\u0101o G\u0101ng; born 1958 in Ji'an, Jiangxi) was the Chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission from March 2013 until 20 February 2016. He was previously chairman of the board of directors of Bank of China Limited, of the Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited, and deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, the central bank of the People's Republic of China.", "Q428314": "Jacques Mauclair (12 January 1919 \u2013 21 December 2001) was a French film actor. He appeared in 30 films between 1950 and 2000. He was born in Paris, France.", "Q74114": "Johann Heinrich Casimir, Baron von Carmer (29 December 1720 in Kreuznach\u201323 May 1801 in R\u00fctzen, Silesia) was a Prussian judicial reformer. He was instrumental in the Miller Arnold case, which is an example of the principle of the independence of the judiciary. He was instrumental in the creation of Corpus Juris Fridericianum for Frederick the Great, adopted into law in 1794. For his achievements in the unification and modernization of Prussian law he was awarded the Black Eagle Order by King Frederick William II on 18 January 1788, and he was included among the names inscribed on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great in 1851.", "Q166298": "Emilio Frugoni (March 30, 1880 \u2013 August 28, 1969) was a Uruguayan socialist politician, lawyer, poet, essayist, and journalist. He founded the Socialist Party of Uruguay (PS) in 1910 and was its first general secretary, as well as its first representative in the Chamber of Deputies.", "Q232117": "Paths of War (Italian: Franco e Ciccio sul sentiero di guerra) is a 1970 Italian western-comedy film directed by Aldo Grimaldi.", "Q1153032": "Roc-A-Fella Records was an American hip hop record label founded by rapper/entrepreneur Shawn \"Jay-Z\" Carter, Damon \"Dame\" Dash, and Kareem \"Biggs\" Burke in 1995. It was operated as a division of Def Jam Recordings.", "Q126864": "Monika Lundi is a German television and film actress.", "Q1058615": "Chad (Chadwick) Stokes Urmston (born February 26, 1976) is an American musician and a human rights activist. He is the frontman for the Boston-area bands Dispatch and State Radio, and released solo music under the name Chadwick Stokes.", "Q921140": "Alan Charles Rusbridger (born 29 December 1953) is a British journalist, Principal of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford and the former editor-in-chief of The Guardian. He took up the post in 1995, having been a reporter and columnist earlier in his career. Rusbridger stood down from the post at the end of May 2015 and was succeeded by Katharine Viner. He is now the Chair of the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. In 2014, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for \"building a global media organisation dedicated to responsible journalism in the public interest, undaunted by the challenges of exposing corporate and government malpractices\".", "Q129410": "Brandon Soo Hoo (born November 2, 1995) is an American actor, known for playing Tran in the 2008 film Tropic Thunder and for his series regular role on the Cartoon Network sketch comedy series Incredible Crew. Soo Hoo played Scott Fuller on the El Rey Network horror-drama series From Dusk till Dawn: The Series, based on the film of the same name from Director Robert Rodriguez.", "Q456999": "Teldec (Telefunken-Decca Schallplatten GmbH) is a German record label in Hamburg, Germany. Today the label is a property of Warner Music Group.", "Q1241": "Giovanni Gronchi (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292o\u02c8vanni \u02c8\u0261ro\u014bki]; 10 September 1887 \u2013 17 October 1978) was a Christian Democratic Italian politician who served as the third President of Italy from 1955 to 1962 and was marked by a controversial and failed attempt to bring about an \"opening to the left\" in Italian politics.\nHe was reputed the real holder of the executive power in Italy from 1955 to 1962, backward the various Prime Ministers of this time.", "Q167019": "Jean-Marie Cavada (born 24 February 1940 in \u00c9pinal, Vosges) is a French politician and former journalist who served as a Member of the European Parliament for Ile de France from 2004 until 2019. Since 3 December 2011 he is president of the European Movement France.", "Q139603": "Zachary David Massey (November 14, 1864 \u2013 July 13, 1923) was an American politician that represented the 1st congressional district of Tennessee in the United States House of Representatives.", "Q438098": "Terje S\u00f8viknes (born 28 February 1969) is a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party who has served as the Minister of Petroleum and Energy from December 2016 to August 2018. From December 2019 to January 2020 he served as the Minister of the Elderly and Public Health. He also serves as the party\u2019s second deputy leader since 2019, a post he previously held from 1999 to 2001. \nS\u00f8viknes was the first politician of his party to become mayor of a Norwegian municipality, namely Os, Hordaland in 1999, and one of the longest-serving, retaining the position for five consecutive elections until his 2016 government appointment.\n\n", "Q169034": "Jasiel Robinson, better known by his stage name Yung Joc, is an American rapper. He is best known for his 2006 hit single \"It's Goin' Down\".", "Q62831": "Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig B\u00fcchner (29 March 1824 \u2013 30 April 1899) was a German philosopher, physiologist and physician who became one of the exponents of 19th-century scientific materialism.", "Q678410": "Marillion are a British rock band, formed in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, in 1979. They emerged from the post-punk music scene in Britain and existed as a bridge between the styles of punk rock and classic progressive rock, becoming the premier neo-progressive rock band of the 1980s.Marillion's recorded studio output since 1982 is composed of nineteen albums, generally regarded in two distinct eras, delineated by the departure of original lead singer Fish in late 1988 and the subsequent arrival of replacement Steve Hogarth in early 1989. The band achieved eight Top Ten UK albums between 1983 and 1994, including a number one album in 1985 with Misplaced Childhood, and during the period the band were fronted by Fish they had eleven Top 40 hits on the UK Singles Chart. They are best known for the 1985 singles \"Kayleigh\" and \"Lavender\", which reached number two and number five respectively, with \"Kayleigh\" also entering the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States.\nMarillion's first album released with Hogarth, 1989's Seasons End, was another Top Ten hit, and albums continued to chart well until their departure from EMI Records following the release of their 1996 live album Made Again and the dissipation of the band's mainstream popularity in the late 1990s; save for a resurgence in the mid- to late-2000s, they have essentially been a cult act since then. Marillion have achieved a further twelve Top 40 hit singles in the UK with Hogarth, including 2004's \"You're Gone\", which charted at No. 7 and is the biggest hit of his tenure. The band continue to tour internationally, becoming ranked 38th in Classic Rock's \"50 Best Live Acts of All Time\" in 2008. In 2016, they returned to the UK Albums Chart Top Ten for the first time in 22 years with their highest chart placing since 1987.Despite unpopularity in the mainstream media and a consistently unfashionable status within the British music industry, Marillion have maintained a very loyal international fanbase, becoming widely acknowledged as playing a pioneering role in the development of crowdfunding and fan-funded music. They have sold over 15 million albums worldwide.", "Q193826": "Douai (French: [dw\u025b]; Dutch: Dowaai; historically \"Doway\" in English) is a commune in the Nord d\u00e9partement in northern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department. Located on the river Scarpe some 40 kilometres (25 miles) from Lille and 25 km (16 mi) from Arras, Douai is home to one of the region's most impressive belfries. The population of the metropolitan area, including Lens, was 552,682 in 1999.", "Q833236": "G\u00e9za Losonczy (5 May 1917, \u00c9rsekcsan\u00e1d \u2013 21 December 1957) was a Hungarian journalist and politician. He was associated with the reformist faction of the Hungarian communist party.\nDuring the 1956 Hungarian revolution, he joined the Imre Nagy government as minister of press and propaganda affairs. He and Zolt\u00e1n Tildy held the government's last press conference on November 3. On November 4, as the Soviet army poured into Budapest, he took refuge in the Yugoslavia Embassy, and on November 22, he and the other members of the Imre Nagy group were arrested and transported to Romania. He was brought back to Budapest in mid-April 1957. While in captivity, awaiting trial for treason, Losonczy went on hunger strike. He was scheduled to stand trial as the second accused in the trial of Imre Nagy and his government, but he died while on a hunger strike in prison awaiting trial when his jailers \"carelessly pushed a feeding tube down his windpipe.\"", "Q130141": "Lajos Nagy (5 February 1883 - 28 October 1954) was a Hungarian writer. His work covered a number of genres including travel literature. \"He came up with his brief, humoristic stories about animals in the beginning of the 1920s and in 1922 a collection of these short humoresques was published under the title Nonsensical Natural History (K\u00e9ptelen term\u00e9szetrajz).\" He joined the Hungarian Communist Party in 1945.", "Q586762": "Westport is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States, along Long Island Sound within Connecticut's Gold Coast. It is 52 miles (84 km) northeast of New York City. The town had a population of 26,391 according to the 2010 U.S. Census, and is ranked 19th among America's 100 Richest Places as well as third in Connecticut, with populations between 20,000 and 65,000.", "Q69964": "Wolfgang Ratke (also Wolfgangus Ratichius or Wolfgang Ratich) (18 October 1571 \u2013 27 April 1635) was a German educational reformer.", "Q57652": "Helle Thorning-Schmidt (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8hel\u0259 \u02c8ts\u02b0o\u0250\u032fne\u031d\u014b \u02c8sme\u031dt]; born 14 December 1966) is a retired Danish politician who served as the 26th Prime Minister of Denmark from 2011 to 2015, and Leader of the Social Democrats from 2005 to 2015. She is the first woman to hold each post. Following defeat in 2015, she announced that she would step down as both Danish Prime Minister and Social Democratic party leader. Ending her political career in April 2016, she is the chief executive of the NGO Save the Children.Thorning-Schmidt served as a Member of the European Parliament for Denmark from 1999 to 2004 before being elected to the Danish Parliament in 2005. She was elected to replace Mogens Lykketoft as Leader of the Social Democrats after the 2005 parliamentary election, leading her party through the 2007 parliamentary election, which was won by the centre-right alliance, and the 2011 parliamentary election, after which she was appointed Prime Minister by Queen Margrethe II. Thorning-Schmidt holds degrees in political science from the University of Copenhagen and a graduate degree from the College of Europe.", "Q325286": "David is a 1979 West German film by director Peter Lilienthal. It tells the story of a rabbi's son in Germany during the Holocaust, who tries to raise money to escape to Mandate Palestine.", "Q11607": "Jon Meade Huntsman Jr. (born March 26, 1960) is an American businessman, diplomat, politician, who has served as the Ambassador of the United States to Russia (2017-2019), the U.S. Ambassador to China (2009-2011), the 16th Governor of Utah (2005-2009), and the U.S. Ambassador to Singapore (1992-1993). He has served in the administrations of five Presidents and was a candidate for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination. Huntsman has announced his candidacy for reelection as governor of Utah in the 2020 election. Should he win, he would be the first governor in Utah history to serve non-consecutive terms.Huntsman has served in every presidential administration since the presidency of Ronald Reagan. He began his career as a White House staff assistant for Ronald Reagan, and was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce and United States Ambassador to Singapore by George H. W. Bush. Later as Deputy U.S. Trade Representative under George W. Bush, he launched global trade negotiations in Doha in 2001 and guided the accession of China into the World Trade Organization. He also served as CEO of his family-owned Huntsman Corporation and chair of the Huntsman Cancer Foundation. Huntsman is the only American ambassador to have served in both Russia and China.While governor of Utah, Huntsman was named chair of the Western Governors Association and joined the Executive Committee of the National Governors Association. Under his leadership, Utah was named the best-managed state in America by the Pew Center on the States. During his tenure, Huntsman was one of the most popular governors in the country, and won reelection in a landslide in 2008, winning every single county. He left office with approval ratings over 80 percent and was succeeded by Lieutenant Governor Gary Herbert.", "Q124134": "Marion Caspers-Merk (born 24 April 1955 in Mannheim) is a German politician and member of the SPD. She was a member of the Bundestag, representing L\u00f6rrach \u2013 M\u00fcllheim, and Parliamentary State Secretary at the Federal Ministry of Health. Alongside other prominent figures such as Kofi Annan and Javier Solana, Caspers-Merk served on the Global Commission on Drug Policy which advocates reforms in drug policies towards the regulation of all substances.", "Q201442": "Kru\u0161evac (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041a\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0446 [kr\u00fb\u0283e\u028bats] (listen)) is a city and the administrative center of the Rasina District in central Serbia. It is located in the valley of West Morava, on Rasina river. According to the 2011 census, the city administrative area has a population of 128,752, while the urban area has 73,316 inhabitants.\nThe city was founded in 1371, by Prince Lazar of Serbia (1371\u20131389), who used it as his seat.\n\n", "Q78869": "Alexander Van der Bellen (German pronunciation: [al\u025b\u02c8ksand\u0250 fan de\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u02c8b\u025bl\u0259n]; born 18 January 1944) is the current President of Austria. He previously served as a professor of economics at the University of Vienna, and after joining politics, as the spokesman of the Austrian Green Party.As a descendant of the Russian aristocratic von der Bellen (Van der Bellen) family of patrilineal Dutch ancestry, he was born in Austria to Russian and Estonian parents who were refugees from Stalinism, and became a naturalized citizen of Austria together with his parents in 1958. He was a member of the National Council representing the Green Party there from 1994 to 2012, and served as both leader of the party as well as its parliamentary group.He ran as a nominally independent candidate supported by the Greens in the 2016 presidential election, and finished second out of six in the first round before winning the second round against Norbert Hofer, a member of the Freedom Party. On 1 July, before he was due to be sworn into office, the results of the second round of voting were annulled by the Constitutional Court due to absentee votes being improperly counted too early, requiring the election to be re-held. On 4 December 2016, he won the ensuing election, taking approximately 54% of the vote.Van der Bellen has described himself as a centrist liberal and supports green and social liberal policies. As discussed in his 2015 book, he is supportive of the European Union and advocates European federalism. During the presidential election, he appealed to the political centre and was endorsed by the leaders of both the Social Democratic Party and the conservative People's Party. Van der Bellen is the second green president of a European Union country (after Raimonds V\u0113jonis of Latvia) and the first to be directly elected by popular vote.\n\n", "Q2416424": "Solomon II (Georgian: \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc II) (1772 \u2013 February 7, 1815), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was the last King of Imereti (western Georgia) from 1789 to 1790 and from 1792 until his deposition by the Imperial Russian government in 1810.\nHe was born as David to Prince Archil of Imereti, brother of King Solomon I of Imereti, by his wife Helene, daughter of King Heraclius II of Georgia. Solomon I, who died in 1784 without a male heir, named his nephew David as his successor. However, Solomon's cousin David II prevented him, and another rival prince, from being crowned as king and occupied the throne, leading to a civil war. Heraclius II interfered on behalf of his grandson and sent in an army, defeating David II at the Battle of Matkhoji on June 11, 1789. David, son of Archil, was crowned as King of Imereti under the name of Solomon II, but David II continued his efforts to resume the throne until his final defeat in 1792. He ruled under the protection of his maternal grandfather, Heraclius II, and continued Solomon I's policy of restricting the powers of feudal aristocracy. In 1795, he and Heraclius fought with a small Imeretian force at the Battle of Krtsanisi against the Persians, only to be completely defeated by the latter.\nAfter Heraclius' death in 1798, and the annexation of the eastern Georgian kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (east of Imereti) by Russia in 1800, the situation in Imereti became precarious. His refractory vassals, princes of Mingrelia and Guria (west of Imereti), assumed the Russian protection and put forward territorial claims to the royal domains. Solomon attempted to enlist Ottoman and Persian support against the anticipated Russian encroachment. However, the Russian commander in Georgia, Prince Pavel Tsitsianov, moved his army into Imereti and forced Solomon to succumb to Russian vassalage in the convention of Elaznauri of April 25, 1804. Yet, Solomon's relations with Russia continued to be strained. On February 20, 1810, the Russian administration removed Solomon from the throne and sent in troops to take control of the kingdom. Solomon retaliated by rallying people against Russia and tried to enlist Turkey, Persia and Napoleonic France in his cause. Outnumbered and defeated, Solomon fled to the Ottoman possessions in Trebizond where he died in 1815 and was buried at the Saint Gregory of Nyssa Church. The body of Solomon II, the last reigning Georgian king, was moved from Trebizond to Gelati Monastery, Georgia, in 1990.Solomon was married to Mariam (1783\u20131841), daughter of Katsia Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia, with no children.", "Q85714": "Walter Werzowa (born 15 December 1960) is an Austrian composer, producer and owner of LA-based music production studio Musikvergnuegen. He is most famous for composing the \"Intel bong\" jingle and the 1980s hit \"Bring Me Edelweiss\" as part of the band Edelweiss.", "Q217220": "Patton is a 1970 American epic biographical war film about U.S. General George S. Patton during World War II. It stars George C. Scott, Karl Malden, Michael Bates and Karl Michael Vogler. It was directed by Franklin J. Schaffner from a script by Francis Ford Coppola and Edmund H. North, who based their screenplay on the biography Patton: Ordeal and Triumph by Ladislas Farago and Omar Bradley's memoir A Soldier's Story. The film was shot in 65 mm Dimension 150 by cinematographer Fred J. Koenekamp and has a music score by Jerry Goldsmith.\nPatton won seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. Scott won Best Actor for his portrayal of General Patton, but declined to accept the award. The opening monologue, delivered by George C. Scott as General Patton with an enormous American flag behind him, remains an iconic and often quoted image in film. The film was successful, and in 2003, Patton was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\". The Academy Film Archive preserved Patton in 2003.", "Q197498": "Svend Borberg (April 8, 1888 \u2013 October 7, 1947) was a Danish author, playwright, editor and literary critic. He was the brother of N. C. Borberg and William Borberg and the father of Claus von B\u00fclow.\nBorberg was born in 1888 in Copenhagen, to Thea Hofman-Schmith and Christian Borberg. His father was a physician and his mother's family were minor nobility in North Jutland. He graduated from the Metropolitan School in Copenhagen in 1907 and took philosophy the following year. He was made a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1938. Due to his suspected collaboration with the German authorities during the Occupation of Denmark in World War II, Borberg was expelled from the Danish Dramatists' Guild, the Danish Writers Association and the Kraks Bl\u00e5 Bog.\nSvend Borberg's plays are preserved in the Drama Collection of the Royal Library. He died in Copenhagen and is buried at Mariebjerg Cemetery.", "Q381256": "Lucian Blaga (Romanian: [lut\u0361\u0283i\u02c8an \u02c8bla\u0261a] (listen); 9 May 1895 \u2013 6 May 1961) was a Romanian philosopher, poet, playwright and novelist.\n\n", "Q989": "Pope John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus II; Italian: Giovanni Paolo II; Polish: Jan Pawe\u0142 II; born Karol J\u00f3zef Wojty\u0142a [\u02c8kar\u0254l \u02c8juz\u025bv v\u0254j\u02c8t\u0268wa]; 18 May 1920 \u2013 2 April 2005) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005. \nHe was elected pope by the second papal conclave of 1978, which was called after Pope John Paul I, who had been elected in August to succeed Pope Paul VI, died after 33 days. Cardinal Wojty\u0142a was elected on the third day of the conclave and adopted the name of his predecessor in tribute to him. John Paul II is recognised as helping to end Communist rule in his native Poland and eventually all of Europe. John Paul II significantly improved the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, and the Eastern Orthodox Church. He upheld the Church's teachings on such matters as the right to life, artificial contraception, the ordination of women, and a celibate clergy, and although he supported the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, he was seen as generally conservative in their interpretation.He was one of the most travelled world leaders in history, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. As part of his special emphasis on the universal call to holiness, he beatified 1,340 and canonised 483 people, more than the combined tally of his predecessors during the preceding five centuries. By the time of his death, he had named most of the College of Cardinals, consecrated or co-consecrated a large number of the world's bishops, and ordained many priests.John Paul II was the second longest-serving pope in modern history after Pope Pius IX. Born in Poland, John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope since the 16th-century Pope Adrian VI. John Paul II's cause for canonisation commenced one month after his death with the traditional five-year waiting period waived. On 19 December 2009, John Paul II was proclaimed venerable by his successor, Benedict XVI, and was beatified on 1 May 2011 (Divine Mercy Sunday) after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints attributed one miracle to his intercession, the healing of a French nun from Parkinson's disease. A second miracle was approved on 2 July 2013, and confirmed by Pope Francis two days later. John Paul II was canonised on 27 April 2014 (again Divine Mercy Sunday), together with Pope John XXIII. On 11 September 2014, Pope Francis added these two optional memorials to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints. It is traditional to celebrate saints' feast days on the anniversary of their deaths, but that of John Paul II (22 October) is celebrated on the anniversary of his papal inauguration. Posthumously, he has been referred to by some Catholics as \"St. John Paul the Great\", although the title has no official recognition.", "Q1421900": "David John Casper (born February 2, 1952) nicknamed \"the Ghost\", is an American former football player best known for being a prominent member of the Oakland Raiders in the National Football League (NFL). He was a tight end and also played as an offensive lineman. Casper has been inducted into both the College Football Hall of Fame (2012) and the Pro Football Hall of Fame (2002).", "Q292558": "Philippine Mathilde Camille, Baroness de Rothschild (22 November 1933 \u2013 23 August 2014) was the owner of the French winery Ch\u00e2teau Mouton Rothschild. She acted under the stage name Philippine Pascale. She was the only daughter of the vintner Baron Philippe de Rothschild, a member of the Rothschild banking dynasty.", "Q490114": "Chung Mong-joon or Chung Mong Joon (Korean: \uc815\ubabd\uc900, born October 17, 1951) is a South Korean businessman and politician. He is the sixth son of Chung Ju-yung, founder of Hyundai, the second-largest South Korean chaebol before its breakup in 2003. He remains the controlling shareholder of a Hyundai offshoot, Hyundai Heavy Industries Group, parent of the world's largest shipbuilding company. He is also the chairman of the board of the University of Ulsan and Ulsan College in Ulsan, South Korea. He is the founder and the honorary chairman of The Asan Institute for Policy Studies. He was Honorary Vice-President of FIFA and president of the South Korean football association.", "Q60940": "Rudolf Diels (16 December 1900 \u2013 18 November 1957) was a German civil servant and head of the Gestapo in 1933\u201334. He obtained the rank of SS-Oberf\u00fchrer and was a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Hermann G\u00f6ring.", "Q1137359": "The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists! (released in North America, Australia and New Zealand as The Pirates! Band of Misfits) is a 2012 British-American 3D stop-motion animated swashbuckler comedy film produced by Aardman Animations and Sony Pictures Animation as their second and final collaborative project. Directed by Peter Lord, the film is loosely based on The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists, the first book from Gideon Defoe's The Pirates! series. It follows The Pirate Captain and his crew of amateur pirates in their attempt to win the Pirate of the Year competition.\nThe film was distributed by Columbia Pictures and was released on 28 March 2012 in the United Kingdom, and on 27 April 2012 in the United States. The Pirates! features the voices of Hugh Grant, Martin Freeman, Imelda Staunton, David Tennant, Jeremy Piven, Salma Hayek, Lenny Henry and Brian Blessed. The Pirates! is the fifth feature film by Aardman Animations, and its first stop-motion animated feature since Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit in 2005, and Aardman's first stop-motion clay animated film released in 3D and shot in 2.35:1 widescreen. The film received positive reviews, while it was a modest box office success, earning $123 million against the budget of $55 million.The film was nominated for the 2013 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, but lost to Disney\u00b7Pixar's Brave.", "Q51545": "Luis Bu\u00f1uel Portol\u00e9s (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8lwis \u03b2u\u02c8\u0272wel po\u027eto\u02c8les]; 22 February 1900 \u2013 29 July 1983) was a Spanish filmmaker, naturalised Mexican in 1949, who worked in France, Mexico and Spain.When Bu\u00f1uel died at age 83, his obituary in The New York Times called him \"an iconoclast, moralist, and revolutionary who was a leader of avant-garde surrealism in his youth and a dominant international movie director half a century later\". His first picture, Un Chien Andalou\u2014made in the silent era\u2014was called \"the most famous short film ever made\" by critic Roger Ebert, and his last film, That Obscure Object of Desire\u2014made 48 years later\u2014won him Best Director awards from the National Board of Review and the National Society of Film Critics. Writer Octavio Paz called Bu\u00f1uel's work \"the marriage of the film image to the poetic image, creating a new reality...scandalous and subversive\".Often associated with the surrealist movement of the 1920s, Bu\u00f1uel created films from the 1920s through the 1970s. His work spans two continents, three languages, and an array of genres, including experimental film, documentary, melodrama, satire, musical, erotica, comedy, romance, costume dramas, fantasy, crime film, adventure, and western. Despite this variety, filmmaker John Huston believed that, regardless of genre, a Bu\u00f1uel film is so distinctive as to be instantly recognizable, or, as Ingmar Bergman put it, \"Bu\u00f1uel nearly always made Bu\u00f1uel films\".Seven of Bu\u00f1uel's films are included in Sight & Sound's 2012 critics' poll of the top 250 films of all time. Fifteen of his films are included in the They Shoot Pictures, Don't They? list of the 1,000 greatest films of all time, for which he ranks second only to Jean-Luc Godard, with sixteen, and he ranks number 13 on their list of the top 250 directors.", "Q93610": "Thomas C. Brezina (born 30 January 1963 in Vienna) is an Austrian writer of children's books and TV-Presenter. He is especially known for his series The Knickerbocker Gang, A Case for You and the Tiger-Team and his stories about the talking bike Tom Turbo. He has published over 550 books and his work has been translated into 35 languages.\n\n", "Q1318316": "Sergio Azzolini (born 1967, in Bolzano) is an Italian bassoonist and music conductor.", "Q28938": "Alfred Graf von Schlieffen, generally called Count Schlieffen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283li\u02d0f\u0259n]; 28 February 1833 \u2013 4 January 1913), was a German field marshal and strategist who served as chief of the Imperial German General Staff from 1891 to 1906. His name lived on in the 1905\u201306 \"Schlieffen Plan\", then Aufmarsch I, a deployment plan and operational guide for a decisive initial offensive operation/campaign in a one-front war against the French Third Republic.", "Q16": "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Its southern border with the United States, stretching 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi), is the world's longest bi-national land border. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.\nVarious indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom. This widening autonomy was highlighted by the Statute of Westminster of 1931 and culminated in the Canada Act of 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.\nCanada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition, with a monarch and a prime minister who serves as the chair of the Cabinet and head of government. The country is a realm within the Commonwealth of Nations, a member of the Francophonie and officially bilingual at the federal level. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, and education. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture.\nA developed country, Canada has the seventeenth-highest nominal per-capita income globally as well as the thirteenth-highest ranking in the Human Development Index. Its advanced economy is the tenth-largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations, NATO, the G7, the Group of Ten, the G20, the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.", "Q248042": "Fahrettin \u00c7ilo\u011flu (born October 5, 1956, \u00dcnye, Ordu Province, Turkey), is a Turkish writer and translator, whose family emigrated from Georgia in the late nineteenth century.\nIn Georgian publications and Turkish translations, he uses the pen name \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0-\u10d1\u10d4\u10e5\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 (Parna-Beka Chilashvili) and Parna-Beka \u00c7ila\u015fvili.", "Q577943": "Eleuterio Fern\u00e1ndez Huidobro (March 14, 1942 \u2013 August 5, 2016) was an Uruguayan politician, journalist, and writer. He was popularly known as \"El \u00d1ato\". A former member of the National Liberation Movement (Tupamaros) (MLN-T), he was in prison during the military dictatorship for twelve years (1973-1985).\nHe was the Minister of Defense from 2011 until his death. On August 5, 2016, he died in office at the age of 74.His 12-year tenure in prison during Uruguay's military dictatorship with Mauricio Rosencof and Jos\u00e9 Mujica was the basis for the film A Twelve-Year Night.", "Q827525": "The International Development Association (IDA) (French: Association internationale de d\u00e9veloppement) is an international financial institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. The IDA is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. in the United States. It was established in 1960 to complement the existing International Bank for Reconstruction and Development by lending to developing countries which suffer from the lowest gross national income, from troubled creditworthiness, or from the lowest per capita income. Together, the International Development Association and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development are collectively generally known as the World Bank, as they follow the same executive leadership and operate with the same staff.The association shares the World Bank's mission of reducing poverty and aims to provide affordable development financing to countries whose credit risk is so prohibitive that they cannot afford to borrow commercially or from the Bank's other programs. The IDA's stated aim is to assist the poorest nations in growing more quickly, equitably, and sustainably to reduce poverty. The IDA is the single largest provider of funds to economic and human development projects in the world's poorest nations. From 2000 to 2010, it financed projects which recruited and trained 3 million teachers, immunized 310 million children, funded $792 million in loans to 120,000 small and medium enterprises, built or restored 118,000 kilometers of paved roads, built or restored 1,600 bridges, and expanded access to improved water to 113 million people and improved sanitation facilities to 5.8 million people. The IDA has issued a total US$238 billion in loans and grants since its launch in 1960. Thirty-six of the association's borrowing countries have graduated from their eligibility for its concessional lending. However, nine of these countries have relapsed and have not re-graduated.", "Q7156": "Futbol Club Barcelona (Catalan pronunciation: [fub\u02c8b\u0254l \u02c8klub b\u0259\u027es\u0259\u02c8lon\u0259] (listen)), commonly referred to as Barcelona and colloquially known as Bar\u00e7a ([\u02c8ba\u027es\u0259]), is a Spanish professional football club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.\nFounded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, Spanish, English, and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper, the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism, hence the motto \"M\u00e9s que un club\" (\"More than a club\"). Unlike many other football clubs, the supporters own and operate Barcelona. It is the fourth-most valuable sports team in the world, worth $4.06 billion, and the world's richest football club in terms of revenue, with an annual turnover of \u20ac840,8 million. The official Barcelona anthem is the \"Cant del Bar\u00e7a\", written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espin\u00e0s.Domestically, Barcelona has won a record 74 trophies: 26 La Liga, 30 Copa del Rey, 13 Supercopa de Espa\u00f1a, 3 Copa Eva Duarte, and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, the club has won 20 European and worldwide titles: 5 UEFA Champions League titles, a record 4 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a joint record 5 UEFA Super Cup, a record 3 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, and 3 FIFA Club World Cup. Barcelona was ranked first in the International Federation of Football History & Statistics Club World Ranking for 1997, 2009, 2011, 2012, and 2015 and currently occupies the second position on the UEFA club rankings. The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Cl\u00e1sico.\nBarcelona is one of the most widely supported teams in the world, and the club has one of the largest social media following in the world among sports teams. Barcelona players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards (12), with recipients including Johan Cruyff, as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards (7), with winners including Ronaldo, Rom\u00e1rio, Ronaldinho, and Rivaldo. In 2010, three players who came through the club's youth academy (Lionel Messi, Andr\u00e9s Iniesta, and Xavi) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards, an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school. Additionally, players representing the club have won a record number (8) of European Golden Shoe awards.\nBarcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n that have never been relegated from the top division since its inception in 1929, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first Spanish football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, by also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup, and FIFA Club World Cup. In 2011, the club became European champions again and won five trophies. This Barcelona team, which won 14 trophies in just 4 years under Pep Guardiola, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. By winning their fifth Champions League trophy on 6 June 2015, Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice. The highest paid sports team in the world, in November 2018 Barcelona became the first sports team with average first-team pay in excess of \u00a310m ($13.8m) per year.", "Q65838": "Charlie Bauerfeind (born Karl Rudolf Bauerfeind; 30 May 1963) is a German sound engineer and producer who has worked mostly with power metal bands such as Angra, Blind Guardian, Helloween, Primal Fear, Rage, HammerFall and Saxon.", "Q5668683": "Alice Lard\u00e9 de Venturino (29 June 1895 \u2013 14 October 1983) was a Salvadoran poet and writer. Internationally recognized for her lyric poems, Lard\u00e9 also published scientific works. She has been recognized by the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador and the government of Chile, both of whom have renamed public streets and offices in her name.\n\n", "Q97476": "John William Gerard de Brahm (1718\u2013c.1799) was a German cartographer, engineer and mystic.\n\n", "Q244678": "Emile Davenport Hirsch (born March 13, 1985) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Chris McCandless in Into the Wild (2007). He has starred in other notable films such as The Girl Next Door (2004), Lords of Dogtown (2005), Speed Racer (2008), Milk (2008), Lone Survivor (2013), and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019).", "Q130627": "Pope John Paul II is a 2005 television miniseries dramatizing the life of Pope John Paul II (Karol J\u00f3zef Wojty\u0142a) from his early adult years in Poland to his death at age 84.\nThe miniseries was written and directed by John Kent Harrison and aired in the United States on the CBS network on 4 and 7 December 2005. It was first released in Vatican City on 17 November 2005 and ten days later throughout Italy on Rai 1\nJon Voight portrays an older Karol Wojty\u0142a (after his investiture as pope in 1978), while Cary Elwes portrays Wojty\u0142a in his earlier life from 1939 to 1978. Voight was nominated for an Emmy Award for his performance.\nPope John Paul II co-stars James Cromwell as Archbishop Adam Stefan Cardinal Sapieha, Ben Gazzara as Agostino Cardinal Casaroli, and Christopher Lee as Stefan Cardinal Wyszy\u0144ski. Polish actor Mikolaj Grabowski is seen twice playing Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger of Germany, who would succeed John Paul II as Pope Benedict XVI.", "Q89890": "Hans Neuenfels (born 31 May 1941) is a German writer, poet, film producer, librettist, theatre director and opera director.", "Q311645": "deLillos is a Norwegian poprock band formed in Oslo in 1984. They are generally regarded as one the \"Four Greats\" in modern Norwegian pop music, i.e. one of the four 1980s groups that founded a new tradition for rock music with lyrics in Norwegian. The remaining three \"Greats\" are DumDum Boys, Raga Rockers and Jokke & Valentinerne.", "Q376806": "Somluck Kamsing (name used in the 1996 Summer Olympics) or Somrak Kamsing (Thai: \u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c \u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e4c; RTGS: Somrak Khamsing; born January 16, 1973) is a Thai Muay Thai kickboxer and Olympic gold medal-winning amateur boxer. During the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok, Thailand, Kamsing lit the torch during the Games' opening ceremony. Kamsing was born in Khon Kaen. His older brother Somrot Kamsing also competed at the highest level as an amateur boxer.\n\n", "Q192286": "Belal Mohammad (20 February 1936 \u2013 30 July 2013) was one of the founders of the Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra.\n\n", "Q90319": "Hans Wolff (1911, Berlin \u2013 1979) was a German film editor and director.", "Q504775": "Bladder cancer is any of several types of cancer arising from the tissues of the urinary bladder. It is a disease in which cells grow abnormally and have the potential to spread to other parts of the body. Symptoms include blood in the urine, pain with urination, and low back pain.Risk factors for bladder cancer include smoking, family history, prior radiation therapy, frequent bladder infections, and exposure to certain chemicals. The most common type is transitional cell carcinoma. Other types include squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis is typically by cystoscopy with tissue biopsies. Staging of the cancer is determined by transurethral resection and medical imaging.Treatment depends on the stage of the cancer. It may include some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. Surgical options may include transurethral resection, partial or complete removal of the bladder, or urinary diversion. The typical five-year survival rates in the United States is 77%, Canada is 75%, and Europe is 68%.Bladder cancer, as of 2018, affected about 1.6 million people globally with 549,000 new cases and 200,000 deaths. Age of onset is most often between 65 and 84 years of age. Males are more often affected than females. In 2018, the highest rate of bladder cancer occurred in Southern and Western Europe followed by North America with rates of 15, 13, and 12 cases per 100,000 people. The highest rates of bladder cancer deaths were seen in Northern Africa and Western Asia followed by Southern Europe.", "Q213720": "Duke Eugen of W\u00fcrttemberg (German: Herzog Eugen Friedrich Heinrich von W\u00fcrttemberg; 21 November 1758 \u2013 20 June 1822) was a German prince. He was the brother of Frederick I of W\u00fcrttemberg", "Q1527": "Minnesota ( (listen)) is a state in the Upper Midwest, Great Lakes, and northern regions of the United States. Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11, 1858, created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory. The state has many lakes, and is known as the \"Land of 10,000 Lakes\". Its official motto is L'\u00c9toile du Nord (French: Star of the North).\nMinnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 22nd most populous of the U.S. states; nearly 55% of its residents live in the Minneapolis\u2013Saint Paul metropolitan area (known as the \"Twin Cities\"). This area has the largest concentration of transportation, business, industry, education, and government in the state. Urban centers in \"Greater Minnesota\" include Duluth, Mankato, Moorhead, Rochester and St. Cloud.The geography of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture; deciduous forests in the southeast, now partially cleared, farmed, and settled; and the less populated North Woods, used for mining, forestry, and recreation.\nThousands of years before Europeans arrived, Minnesota was inhabited by various indigenous peoples. French explorers, missionaries, and fur traders began exploring the region in the 17th century, encountering the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe tribes. Much of what is now Minnesota was part of the vast French holding of Louisiana, which was purchased by the United States in 1803. Following several territorial reorganizations, Minnesota in its current form was admitted as the country's 32nd state on May 11, 1858. Like many Midwestern states, it remained sparsely populated and centered on lumber and agriculture. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, many European immigrants, mainly from Scandinavia and Germany, began to settle the state, which remains a center of Scandinavian American and German American culture.\nMinnesota's standard of living index is among the highest in the United States, behind only Massachusetts and Connecticut, and the state is also among the best-educated and wealthiest in the nation. In recent years, its economy has greatly diversified, shifting from traditional activities such as agriculture and resource extraction to services and finance. While Minnesota's population is still largely dominated by Scandinavian- and German-Americans, domestic migration and immigration from Asia, the Horn of Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America have broadened the demographics of the state.", "Q1981681": "Adrian Bowyer is an English engineer and mathematician, formerly an academic at the University of Bath.\n\nBorn in 1952 in London, Bowyer is the older child of the late Rosemary and John Bowyer; the latter was a writer, painter and one of the founders of Zisman, Bowyer and Partners, consulting engineers. Bowyer was educated at Woodroffe School, Lyme Regis and Imperial College London.\nIn 1977 he joined the Mathematics Department at the University of Bath. Shortly after that he received a doctorate from Imperial College London for research in friction-induced vibration. Whilst working in the Mathematics Department he invented (at the same time as David Watson) the algorithm for computing Voronoi diagrams that bears their names (the Bowyer\u2013Watson algorithm).\n\nHe then spent twenty-two years as a lecturer then senior lecturer in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the University of Bath. He retired from academic life in 2012, though he is still a director of the company RepRap Ltd He invented the RepRap Project \u2013 an open-source 3D printer that can produce plastic parts. The Guardian said of this, \"[RepRap] has been called the invention that will bring down global capitalism, start a second industrial revolution and save the environment...\"In 2017 Bowyer received the 3D Printing Industry Outstanding Contribution to 3D Printing Award and was inducted into the TCT Hall of Fame . He was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2019 New Year Honours for services to 3D Printing.\nHis wife is a retired school teacher; they have one adult daughter.", "Q438926": "Eleonora Rossi Drago, born Palmira Omiccioli, (23 September 1925 \u2013 2 December 2007) was an Italian film actress. She was born in Quinto al Mare, Genoa, Italy, and had the leading role in Le amiche. She appeared in Un maledetto imbroglio. In 1960, for her performance in Estate violenta, she won the best actress prize of the Mar del Plata Film Festival and the Nastro d'argento. In 1964, she appeared in La Cittadella. She died in Palermo, Italy.", "Q203533": "Edith Bruck (born 3 May 1932) is a Hungarian-born writer and director who has lived most of her life in Italy and writes in Italian.", "Q55723": "Arkady Fiedler (28 November 1894 in Pozna\u0144 \u2013 7 March 1985 in Puszczykowo) was a Polish writer, journalist and adventurer.", "Q131539": "Children's literature or juvenile literature includes stories, books, magazines, and poems that are made for children. Modern children's literature is classified in two different ways: genre or the intended age of the reader.\nChildren's literature can be traced to stories and songs, part of a wider oral tradition, that adults shared with children before publishing existed. The development of early children's literature, before printing was invented, is difficult to trace. Even after printing became widespread, many classic \"children's\" tales were originally created for adults and later adapted for a younger audience. Since the fifteenth century much literature has been aimed specifically at children, often with a moral or religious message. Children's literature has been shaped by religious sources, like Puritan traditions, or by more philosophical and scientific standpoints with the influences of Charles Darwin and John Locke. The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are known as the \"Golden Age of Children's Literature\" because many classic children's books were published then.\n\n", "Q19325933": "Very Rev Robert Leonard Small, (12 May 1905 \u2013 8 April 1994), known as Leonard Small, was a senior Church of Scotland minister and author. He served as Moderator of the General Assembly from 1966 to 1967.", "Q764039": "Paul D. Rosenberg (born August 1, 1971) is an American music manager, current CEO of Goliath Records and former CEO of Def Jam Recordings, known for his association with hip hop artists Eminem, The Knux, DJ AM, Action Bronson, and pop punk band Blink-182.\n\n", "Q215345": "Wolfgang Gert Stresemann (20 July 1904 \u2013 6 November 1998) was a German jurist, orchestra leader, conductor and composer. He was the intendant of the Berliner Philharmoniker from 1959 to 1978 and again from mid 1984 to early 1985, a time when Herbert von Karajan served as music director.\nHe was the son of the German statesman and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Gustav Stresemann and his wife K\u00e4te, born Kleefeld.From 1939 to 1956 he had emigrated to the United States with his mother.\nHis daughter Christina (born 1957) is a Judge at the Federal Court of Justice of Germany.", "Q788091": "The Autonomous University of Madrid (Spanish: Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid; UAM) is a Spanish public university located in Madrid, Spain. Founded in 1968, its main campus, Cantoblanco, is located near the cities of Alcobendas, San Sebasti\u00e1n de los Reyes and Tres Cantos.\nThroughout its history, the UAM has been one of Spain's most prominent higher education institutions, being ranked first amongst Spanish universities by the El Mundo University Supplement (known as \"Las 50 Carreras\"), by The Times Higher Education Supplement, and by the Academic Ranking of World Universities yearly published by Shanghai Jiao Tong University. In the rankings on education, the UAM has positioned itself as one of the best young universities in the world (it is the Spanish university best placed in the 2018 edition of the QS Top 50 Under 50 Ranking, and the third best positioned in Europe), with an outstanding international projection in the field of research. For the subject \"Mathematics\" the university was ranked within top 51-75 universities in the world (within top 12 in Europe). In the \"Times Higher Education 100 Under 50 University Rankings\", the University achieved 49th position globally in 2012. In another similar ranking \"QS Top 50 Under 50\" by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), the Autonomous University of Madrid recently achieved 9th place in international comparison. Its Faculty of Law is the most prestigious one in Spain. It is the Spanish university with the most researchers among the most cited according to the Thomson Reuters ranking citation in 2011.", "Q1251716": "Douglas Boyd Eggers (born September 21, 1930) is a former American football linebacker who played five seasons in the National Football League with the Baltimore Colts and Chicago Cardinals. He played college football at South Dakota State University and attended Wagner High School in Wagner, South Dakota.", "Q330847": "Jay C. Flippen (March 6, 1899 \u2013 February 3, 1971) was an American character actor who often played police officers or weary criminals in many films of the 1940s and 1950s.", "Q1026532": "Caleb Carr (born August 2, 1955) is an American military historian and author. Carr is the second of three sons born to Lucien Carr and Francesca Von Hartz.He authored The Alienist, The Angel of Darkness, The Lessons of Terror, Killing Time, The Devil Soldier, The Italian Secretary, and The Legend of Broken. He has taught military history at Bard College, and worked extensively in film, television, and the theater. His military and political writings have appeared in numerous magazines and periodicals, among them The Washington Post, The New York Times, and The Wall Street Journal. He lives in upstate New York.Carr stated as a child that he \"wanted nothing less than to be a fiction writer\".", "Q73096": "Carl Joseph Anton Mittermaier (5 August 1787, in Munich \u2013 28 August 1867, in Heidelberg) was a German jurist. Historian Richard J. Evans has described him as the 'nineteenth century's most influential critic of the death penalty'.", "Q170217": "The Czechs (Czech: \u010ce\u0161i, pronounced [\u02c8t\u0283\u025b\u0283\u026a]; singular masculine: \u010cech [\u02c8t\u0283\u025bx], singular feminine: \u010ce\u0161ka [\u02c8t\u0283\u025b\u0283ka]), or the Czech people (\u010cesk\u00fd n\u00e1rod), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history, and Czech language.\nEthnic Czechs were called Bohemians in English until the early 20th century, referring to the medieval land of Bohemia which in turn was adapted from late Iron Age tribe of Celtic Boii. During the Migration Period, West Slavic tribes of Bohemians settled in the area, \"assimilated the remaining Celtic and Germanic populations\", and formed a principality in the 9th century, which was part of Great Moravia, in form of Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia, the predecessors of the modern republic.\nThe Czech diaspora is found in notable numbers in the United States, Canada, Israel, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Switzerland, Italy, the United Kingdom, Australia, Chile, Russia, Argentina and Brazil, among others.", "Q213734": "Heinrich Vogeler (December 12, 1872 \u2013 June 14, 1942) was a German painter, designer, and architect, associated with the D\u00fcsseldorf school of painting.", "Q74921": "Karl Daniel Adolph Douai (1819 \u2013 1888), known to his peers as \"Adolph\", was a German Texan teacher as well as a socialist and abolitionist newspaper editor. Douai was driven from Texas in 1856 due to his published opposition of slavery, living out the rest of his life as a school operator in the New England city of Boston. Douai is remembered as one of the leading American Marxists of the 19th century as well as a pioneer of the Kindergarten movement in America.", "Q91013": "Leonhard Adelt (17 June 1881, Boizenburg \u2013 21 February 1945) was a German translator and writer.", "Q1533": "Caracas (, Spanish: [ka\u02c8\u027eakas]), officially Santiago de Le\u00f3n de Caracas, abbreviated as CCS, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the centre of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas). Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the northern part of the country, following the contours of the narrow Caracas Valley on the Venezuelan coastal mountain range (Cordillera de la Costa). Terrain suitable for building lies between 760 and 1,140 m (2,490 and 3,740 ft) above sea level, although there is some settlement above this range. The valley is close to the Caribbean Sea, separated from the coast by a steep 2,200-metre-high (7,200 ft) mountain range, Cerro El \u00c1vila; to the south there are more hills and mountains. The Metropolitan Region of Caracas has an estimated population of almost 3 million inhabitants. It is the seventh largest metropolitan area in terms of population in Latin America.\nStrictly speaking, the centre of the city is still Catedral, located near Bol\u00edvar Square, even though it is assumed that it is Plaza Venezuela, located in the Los Caobos neighbourhood. Chaca\u00edto area, Luis Bri\u00f3n Square and El Rosal neighborhood are also considered the geographic center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas.Businesses in the city include service companies, banks, and malls. Caracas has a largely service-based economy, apart from some industrial activity in its metropolitan area. The Caracas Stock Exchange and Petr\u00f3leos de Venezuela (PDVSA) are headquartered in Caracas. PDVSA is the largest company in Venezuela. Caracas is also Venezuela's cultural capital, with many restaurants, theaters, museums, and shopping centers. Caracas has some of the tallest skyscrapers in Latin America, such as the Parque Central Towers.Caracas has been considered one of the most important cultural, tourist, industrial and economic centres of Latin America. The Museum of Contemporary Art of Caracas is one of the most important in South America. The Museum of Fine Arts and the National Art Gallery of Caracas are also noteworthy. The National Art Gallery was projected to be the largest museum in Latin America, according to its architect Carlos G\u00f3mez De Llarena.Caracas has one of the highest per capita murder rates in the world, with 111.19 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants.", "Q438932": "Lewis Weston Dillwyn, FRS (21 August 1778 \u2013 31 August 1855) was a British porcelain manufacturer, naturalist and Whig Member of Parliament (MP).", "Q1250408": "Dorwin Demarcus Dorrough (born October 28, 1986), known professionally as Dorrough Music (or simply Dorrough), is an American rapper and songwriter. His singles include \"Walk That Walk\", \"Get Big\", \"Ice Cream Paint Job\", and \"Beat Up the Block\". He has produced a series of 6 mixtapes (including three with Gangsta Grillz) and 2 studio albums.", "Q3342107": "Nippert Stadium is an outdoor stadium in Cincinnati, Ohio, on the campus of the University of Cincinnati. Primarily used for American football, it is the home field of the Cincinnati Bearcats football team. The stadium also hosts soccer, serving as the home of FC Cincinnati of Major League Soccer. Nippert Stadium has a seating capacity of approximately 40,000 people following an expansion and renovation in 2014. In rudimentary form since 1901, permanent concrete stands were built along each sideline for the 1915 season and as a complete horseshoe stadium since 1924, making it the fourth-oldest playing site and fifth-oldest stadium in college football, respectively.", "Q1334830": "James Mervyn LeGros (; born April 27, 1962) is an American actor.", "Q129362": "Elaine Murphy, Baroness Murphy (born 16 January 1947) is a British politically independent politician and a member of the House of Lords.\nAfter qualifying as a doctor and then as a psychiatrist she later became an academic in the National Health Service for 25 years. She spent a period as a Health Service general manager between 1984 and 1990 which included the post of District General Manager for Lewisham and North Southwark Health Authority. She was the first Professor of Psychiatry of Old Age in the UK, held at the University of London at Guy's Hospital. She took on non-executive roles after retirement and was Chair of North East London Strategic Health Authority until 30 June 2006. She was a Visiting Professor at Queen Mary University of London, Vice-President of the Alzheimer's Society and Chair of Council at St George's, University of London between 2009 and 2012, and was a non-executive member of Monitor (Independent Monitor of NHS Hospitals).\nOn 17 June 2004, she was made a life peer as Baroness Murphy, of Aldgate in the City of London, taking an interest in mental health and ageing issues in the House of Lords where she sits as a Crossbencher.\nShe was first married 1969\u20132000 to John Murphy, the branding 'guru' and brewer and then second, from 2001, to Professor Michael A Robb FRS, a theoretical chemist. She lives in Norfolk and has homes in London and Lucca, where she grows olives.In January 2009, it was revealed that she was the author of a hoax letter about \"Cello scrotum\" that was printed in the British Medical Journal in 1974.Baroness Murphy also has a PhD in Social History and has published in the field of 18th and 19th century workhouses, madhouses and local history. Her recent publications include \"The Moated Grange: A History of South Norfolk Through the Story of one Home, 1300-2000\", about the village of Brockdish in South Norfolk. She is also an honorary associate of the National Secular Society.", "Q313046": "Eddie Albert (born Edward Albert Heimberger; April 22, 1906 \u2013 May 26, 2005) was an American actor and activist. He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor; the first nomination came in 1954 for his performance in Roman Holiday, and the second in 1973 for The Heartbreak Kid.Other well-known screen roles of his include Bing Edwards in the Brother Rat films, traveling salesman Ali Hakim in the musical Oklahoma!, and the sadistic prison warden in 1974's The Longest Yard. He starred as Oliver Wendell Douglas in the 1960s television sitcom Green Acres and as Frank MacBride in the 1970s crime drama Switch. He also had a recurring role as Carlton Travis on Falcon Crest, opposite Jane Wyman.", "Q217552": "X-Men Origins: Wolverine is a 2009 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics fictional character Wolverine. It is the fourth installment of the X-Men film series, the first installment of the Wolverine trilogy within the series, and a spin-off prequel to X-Men (2000). The film was directed by Gavin Hood, written by David Benioff and Skip Woods, and produced by Hugh Jackman, who stars as the titular character, alongside Liev Schreiber, Danny Huston, Dominic Monaghan, and Ryan Reynolds. The film's plot details Wolverine's childhood as James Howlett, his time with Major William Stryker's Team X, the bonding of Wolverine's skeleton with the indestructible metal adamantium during the Weapon X program and his relationship with his half-brother Victor Creed.\nThe film was mostly shot in Australia and New Zealand, with Canada also serving as a location. Filming took place from January to May 2008. Production and post-production were troubled, with delays due to the weather and Jackman's other commitments, an incomplete screenplay that was still being written in Los Angeles while principal photography rolled in Australia, conflicts arising between director Hood and Fox's executives, and an unfinished workprint being leaked on the Internet one month before the film's debut.\nX-Men Origins: Wolverine was released worldwide on May 1, 2009 by 20th Century Fox. While critics praised the cast's acting (particularly by Jackman and Schreiber), humor and the musical score, they disliked what they considered to be poorly-rendered CGI, a convoluted plot, overabundance of characters, and deviations from the source material, particularly the portrayal of Deadpool's character (to the point where several potshots were taken at this portrayal in the character's later films). Despite this, the film opened at the top of the box office and grossed $179 million in the United States and Canada and over $373 million worldwide.\nA second film, The Wolverine, was released in 2013. A third film, Logan, was released in 2017 and cited by critics as one of the best superhero films.\n\n", "Q60954": "Heinrich von Brentano di Tremezzo (6 June 1904 \u2013 14 November 1964) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1955 to 1961.", "Q207741": "Sturm und Drang ( SHTUURRM uunt DRANG, DRAHNG; German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283t\u028a\u0250\u032fm \u028ant \u02c8d\u0281a\u014b], literally \"storm and drive\", though usually translated as \"storm and stress\") was a proto-Romantic movement in German literature and music that occurred between the late 1760s and early 1780s. Within the movement, individual subjectivity and, in particular, extremes of emotion were given free expression in reaction to the perceived constraints of rationalism imposed by the Enlightenment and associated aesthetic movements. The period is named for Friedrich Maximilian Klinger's play of the same name, which was first performed by Abel Seyler's famed theatrical company in 1777.\nThe philosopher Johann Georg Hamann is considered to be the ideologue of Sturm und Drang; other significant figures were Johann Anton Leisewitz, Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz, H. L. Wagner, and Friedrich Maximilian Klinger. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller were notable proponents of the movement early in their life, although they ended their period of association with it by initiating what would become Weimar Classicism.", "Q241714": "Rachel Caine is a pen name of Roxanne Longstreet Conrad, an American writer of science fiction, fantasy, mystery, suspense, and horror novels. She also publishes media tie-in novels as Julie Fortune.\n\n", "Q323185": "Bolaji Badejo (born 23 August 1953, Lagos \u2013 died 22 December 1992, Nigeria) was a Nigerian visual artist and actor who became known as one of Hollywood's most unlikely on-screen performers in the role of the Alien in Ridley Scott's 1979 film Alien, his only film role. He died from sickle cell anemia at the age of 39.Badejo was of Yoruba descent and was the son of the director general of the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation. He first studied in Nigeria, then in the United States before finally moving to London to specialize in graphic design. He was eventually discovered in a Soho pub by a member of Scott's casting team. He was chosen to play the part of the Alien due to his towering height and slender build. He was 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) tall.Badejo never returned for the Alien sequels, which used puppetry and later animation instead of suit performers; the original was his only film credit. His family revealed that he returned to Nigeria in 1980 and began running his own art gallery in 1983.\n\n", "Q85066": "Alois Podhajsky (24 February 1898 \u2013 23 May 1973) was the director of the Spanish Riding School in Vienna, Austria as well as an Olympic medal-winner in dressage, riding instructor, and writer. He competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics and the 1948 Summer Olympics.", "Q2281517": "Sichuan University (Chinese: \u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66; pinyin: S\u00ecchu\u0101n D\u00e0xu\u00e9, SCU) is a public research university in Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, China.\nSichuan University is directed by the Ministry of Education. One of the top universities of China, it is a member of various education projects aiming at developing elite universities, including the Project 211, the Project 985 and the Double First Class University Plan.Sichuan University results from the merger of three institutions in 1994: the former Sichuan University, the Chengdu University of Science and Technology (CUST) and the West China University of Medical Sciences (WCUMS).", "Q388266": "As Far as My Feet Will Carry Me (German: So weit die F\u00fc\u00dfe tragen) is a 2001 film about German World War II prisoner of war Clemens Forell's escape from a Siberian Gulag in the Soviet Union back to Germany. It is based on the book of the same name written by Bavarian novelist Josef Martin Bauer. The book is in turn based on the story of Cornelius Rost who used the alias \"Clemens Forell\" to avoid retribution from the KGB. However, since the book's publication overwhelming doubts have been raised about the authenticity of Rost's story.", "Q3324": "Carey L. Lloyd (July 4, 1933 \u2013 November 13, 1993), also known by his ring name Rufus R. \"Freight Train\" Jones, was an American professional wrestler who competed in the Central States and Mid-Atlantic regional promotions of the National Wrestling Alliance as well as the American Wrestling Association during the 1970s and 1980s.", "Q84378": "Kai Diekmann (born 27 June 1964 in Ravensburg) is a German journalist. From 1998 until 2000 he was editor of Welt am Sonntag (English: World on Sunday). From January 2001 to December 2015 he was chief editor of Bild. He is also a member of the executive board of the Turkish daily H\u00fcrriyet.\n\n", "Q207999": "Kuusamo is a town and municipality in Finland. It is located in the Northern Ostrobothnia region. The municipality has a population of 15,193 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 5,808.92 square kilometres (2,242.84 sq mi) of which 830.81 km2 (320.78 sq mi) is water. The population density is 3.05 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.9/sq mi).\nThe municipality is unilingually Finnish.\nKuusamo is a major center for winter sports and receives approximately a million tourists every year. One of the largest ski resorts in Finland, Ruka, is situated in Kuusamo. Ruka is also the host of many international competitions in ski jumping, cross country skiing and Nordic combined. The 2005 World Championships of Freestyle Skiing was held in Kuusamo. Kuusamo Airport is located 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east from Kuusamo town centre.", "Q58213": "K\u014dichir\u014d Genba (\u7384\u8449 \u5149\u4e00\u90ce, Genba K\u014dichir\u014d, born 20 May 1964) is a Japanese politician and the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2011 to 2012. He is a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet, and was a member to the Democratic Party of Japan and its successor Democratic Party until its merger in 2018. He left the party briefly before the merger, and joined the Group of Independents House of Representatives caucus of other former Democrats a few days later. A native of Tamura, Fukushima and graduate of Sophia University, he was later accepted into the prestigious Matsushita Institute of Government and Management, an institution founded by Panasonic founder Konosuke Matsushita which grooms future civic leaders of Japan. Genba was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1993 after serving in the assembly of Fukushima Prefecture for one term. In September 2011 he was chosen as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda.", "Q162613": "Brad Suggs is a singer and songwriter, but best known as a guitarist that contributed greatly to the legacy of Phillips' Sun and Phillips' International labels. His name is widely unknown although he appeared on more than eight Sun and Phillips International records.", "Q247365": "Tendres Cousines (English: Tender Cousins) is a 1980 French film directed by David Hamilton. The film was released as Cousins in Love in the United Kingdom.", "Q11613": "Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 \u2013 December 26, 1972) was an American politician who served as the 33rd president of the United States from 1945 to 1953, succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as vice president. He implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe, and established the Truman Doctrine and NATO.\nTruman grew up in Independence, Missouri, and during World War I was sent to France as a captain in the Field Artillery. Returning home, he opened a haberdashery in Kansas City, Missouri and was later elected as a Jackson County official in 1922. Truman was elected to the United States Senate from Missouri in 1934 and gained national prominence as chairman of the Truman Committee aimed at reducing waste and inefficiency in wartime contracts. Soon after succeeding to the presidency he authorized the first and only use of nuclear weapons in war. Truman's administration engaged in an internationalist foreign policy and renounced isolationism. He rallied his New Deal coalition during the 1948 presidential election and won a surprise victory that secured his own presidential term.\nTruman oversaw the Berlin Airlift of 1948. When North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950, he gained United Nations approval to intervene in what became known as the Korean War. On domestic issues, bills endorsed by Truman faced opposition from a conservative Congress, but his administration successfully guided the U.S. economy through the post-war economic challenges. In 1948 he submitted the first comprehensive civil rights legislation and issued Executive Orders to start racial integration in the military and federal agencies.\nCorruption in the Truman administration became a central campaign issue in the 1952 presidential election. After Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower's electoral victory against Democrat Adlai Stevenson II, Truman went into a financially-difficult retirement, marked by the founding of his presidential library and the publication of his memoirs. When he left office, Truman's presidency was criticized, but scholars rehabilitated his image in the 1960s and he is highly ranked by scholars.", "Q442720": "Alessandra Torresani (born Alessandra Olivia Toreson; May 29, 1987) is an American actress. She has played Zoe Graystone in the science fiction television series Caprica and Claire in The Big Bang Theory. Prior to 2007, she was credited as Alessandra Toreson.", "Q231595": "Sylvia Sidney (born Sophia Kosow, August 8, 1910 \u2013 July 1, 1999) was an American stage, screen and film actress whose career spanned over 70 years. She rose to prominence in dozens of leading roles in the 1930s. She later gained attention for her role as Juno, a case worker in the afterlife, in Tim Burton's film Beetlejuice, for which she won a Saturn Award as Best Supporting Actress. She also was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Summer Wishes, Winter Dreams (1973).", "Q817394": "Sir Benjamin Baker (31 March 1840 \u2013 19 May 1907) was an eminent English civil engineer who worked in mid to late Victorian era. He helped develop the early underground railways in London with Sir John Fowler, but he is best known for his work on the Forth Bridge. He made many other notable contributions to civil engineering, including his work as an expert witness at the public inquiry into the Tay Rail Bridge disaster. Later, he helped design and build the first Aswan dam.", "Q269926": "Brenda Joyce (born Betty Graftina Leabo, February 25, 1917 \u2013 July 4, 2009) was an American film actress.", "Q134333": "Sir Roger George Moore (14 October 1927 \u2013 23 May 2017) was an English actor best known for playing British secret agent James Bond in seven feature films from 1973 to 1985, beginning with Live and Let Die. His most notable television role was playing the main character, Simon Templar, in the British television series The Saint from 1962 to 1969. He also had roles in some American television shows and films in the late 1950s and early 1960s, including replacing James Garner and portraying Beau Maverick in the Maverick series in 1960-1961. Moore starred with Tony Curtis in The Persuaders television series in 1971 to 1972, and had roles in several theatrical films in the 1970s and 1980s.\nMoore was appointed a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 1991 and was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 2003 for services to charity. In 2007, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in television and film. In 2008, the French government appointed him a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.", "Q2896875": "Berardino Libonati (1934\u20132010) was an Italian academic, businessman, jurist and lawyer. He was the president of Alitalia. He was born in Rome, Italy on March 8, 1934 and died in Rome on November 30, 2010. He graduated from La Sapienza University in Rome and was a professor of commercial law at the Faculty of Law at La Sapienza University. He was president of TIM and Telecom Italia and vice-president of Unicredit. On February 9, 2007 Italian Minister of Economy Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa recommended that Libonati take over as president of Alitalia.", "Q1361819": "Menachem Ussishkin (Russian: \u0410\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0430\u043c \u041c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0445\u0435\u043c \u041c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043b \u0423\u0441\u044b\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d Avraham Menachem Mendel Ussishkin, Hebrew: \u05de\u05e0\u05d7\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05e9\u05e7\u05d9\u05df) (August 14, 1863 \u2013 October 2, 1941) was a Russian-born Zionist leader and head of the Jewish National Fund. \nMenachem Ussishkin was born in Dubrowna in the Belarusian part of the Russian Empire. In 1889, he graduated as a technical engineer from Moscow State Technical University, today known as Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Ussishkin was among the founders of the BILU movement and the Moscow branch of the Hovevei Zion. He also joined the Bnei Moshe society founded by Ahad HaAm. In 1891, he made his first trip to Palestine.He served as Secretary of the First Zionist Congress. At the Sixth Zionist Congress he opposed the Uganda plan. \nHe was one of the Jewish delegates to the Paris peace conference after World War I.In 1919, Ussishkin made aliyah to Palestine. In 1920 he was appointed head of the Zionist Commission in Palestine. In his pamphlet \"Our Program\" he advocated group settlement based on labour Zionism. Under his influence, the Zionist movement actively supported the establishment of agricultural settlements, educational and cultural institutions, and Jewish polytechnic - later the Technion.\nIn 1923 he was elected President of the Jewish National Fund which he headed until his death. Ussishkin was behind major land acquisitions in the Hefer, Jezreel and Beit She'an valleys. \nOn his 70th birthday, Ussishkin had all the street signs on his street in the Jerusalem neighborhood of Rehavia changed from Rechov Yehuda HaLevy to Rechov Ussishkin, ordering the new ceramic signs from local Armenian craftspeople.He died in 1941 in Jerusalem at the age of 78. He is buried in Nicanor's Cave at the botanical gardens of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem on Mount Scopus.", "Q241072": "Birgit Br\u00fcel (born 6 October 1927, Copenhagen \u2013 died 23 February 1996, Gentofte) was a Danish singer and actress, known internationally for her participation in the 1965 Eurovision Song Contest.\nBr\u00fcel's professional career began in 1950 when she joined the Max Br\u00fcel Quartet as a jazz singer, and began training at the Danish Royal drama school. She married Br\u00fcel in 1951 and gave birth to twin daughters the following year (she also had one daughter from her first marriage, which had ended in divorce in 1949). During the 1950s she became well known as a theatre and screen actress, and between 1961 and 1966 she sang with the Danish Radio Jazz Group.\nIn 1965, Br\u00fcel entered the Danish Eurovision selection, Dansk Melodi Grand Prix, which she won with the song \"For din skyld\" (\"For Your Sake\"). She represented Denmark at the tenth Eurovision Song Contest, held on 20 March in Naples, where \"For dyn skyld\" finished in seventh place of the 18 entries. Oddly, the song was voted for by only two other countries, Sweden and Luxembourg, but both had awarded the maximum five points, giving it a relatively high placing.Br\u00fcel combined singing and acting and made numerous television and film appearances up to the early 1990s. From the 1970s she became involved with Amazonegruppen, a feminist theatrical and musical group. Her last musical recording was Den hemmelige rude, a 1985 album consisting of poems by Tove Ditlevsen set to music.\nBr\u00fcel died of undisclosed causes on 23 February 1996, aged 68.", "Q49478": "Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux (4 February 1688 \u2013 12 February 1763), commonly referred to as Marivaux, was a French novelist and dramatist.\nHe is considered one of the most important French playwrights of the 18th century, writing numerous comedies for the Com\u00e9die-Fran\u00e7aise and the Com\u00e9die-Italienne of Paris. His most important works are Le Triomphe de l'amour, Le Jeu de l'amour et du hasard and Les Fausses Confidences. He also published a number of essays and two important but unfinished novels, La Vie de Marianne and Le Paysan parvenu.\n\n", "Q1930248": "William Huntington Russell (12 August 1809 \u2013 19 May 1885) was an American businessman, educator, and politician. Notably, he was a co-founder (along with Alphonso Taft) of the Yale University secret society Skull and Bones.", "Q85700": "Viktor Hamburger (July 9, 1900 \u2013 June 12, 2001) was a German-American professor and embryologist. His collaboration with neuroscientist Rita Levi-Montalcini resulted in the discovery of nerve growth factor. In 1951 he and Howard Hamilton in 1951 published a standardized\nstage series to describe chicken embryo development, now called the Hamburger-Hamilton stages. He was considered \"one of the most influential neuroembryologists of the twentieth century\".", "Q217234": "\u014cta (\u5927\u7530\u533a, \u014cta-ku) is a special ward located in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. In English, it calls itself \u014cta City.\nAs of June 1, 2016, the ward has an estimated population of 716,413, with 379,199 households and a population density of 12,048.65 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 59.46 km\u00b2, the largest of the special wards.\n\u014cta's hub is situated around the two stations Kamata and Keiky\u016b Kamata, where the \u014cta Ward Office and central Post Office can be found.", "Q869886": "Sighignola is a mountain of the Lugano Prealps, located on the border between the Italian region of Lombardy and the Swiss canton of Ticino. A panoramic terrace just below the summit, and directly on the Italian side of the border, provides extensive views especially to the west, over Lake Lugano and the city of Lugano, to the Alps. For this reason, the site is often known as the Balcone d'Italia.The eastern, Italian, slopes are relatively gentle, and the viewing terrace can be reached by road from Lanzo d\u2019Intelvi, a frazione of the Italian comune of Alta Valle Intelvi, to the east. The slopes to the west down to Lake Lugano are much steeper, and the upper slopes are within the Swiss municipality of Arogno. However, the lakeside below the mountain is occupied by the Italian exclave of Campione d'Italia.In 1969 it was planned to construct a cable car from Sighignola, across the Swiss upper slopes, to Campione d'Italia. Whilst construction was started, the cable car never opened, and in 2009 an agreement was reached between the Italian and Swiss authorities to remove the remains of the cable car structure.", "Q76688": "Hans-Hermann Hoppe (; German: [\u02c8h\u0254p\u0259]; born September 2, 1949) is a German-born American economist of the Austrian School and paleolibertarian anarcho-capitalist philosopher. He is Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Senior Fellow of the Ludwig von Mises Institute, former Editor of the Journal of Libertarian Studies, a lifetime member of the Royal Horticultural Society and the founder and president of the Property and Freedom Society.Hoppe identifies as a culturally conservative libertarian. Some of his remarks and ideas have provoked controversy among his libertarian peers and his colleagues at UNLV. His belief in rights of property owners to establish private covenant communities, from which homosexuals and political dissidents may be \"physically removed\", has proven particularly divisive. Hoppe also garners controversy due to his support for restrictive limits on immigration, which critics argue is at odds with libertarianism and anarchism.", "Q75381": "Lilly Becher (n\u00e9e Korpus, 27 January 1901, Nuremberg, Middle Franconia \u2013 20 September 1978, Berlin) was a German writer, journalist, and communist activist.\nNoted as one of the first anti-Nazi writers to produce documentary work dealing with the persecution of Jews in Nazi Germany during the 1930s, Lilly Becher was the wife of noted writer Johannes Becher and achieved significant recognition in East Germany as a writer in her own right.", "Q967101": "Tommy Guerrero (born September 9, 1966) is an American professional skateboarder, company owner and musician.", "Q91775": "Jutta Jol (4 February 1896 \u2013 26 October 1981) was a German actress.\nBorn Justine Jutta Blanda Hermine Gehrmann in Metz, Lothringen German Reich (now, Lorraine, France), she died in Berlin.", "Q431916": "Rein Otsason (24 May 1931 in Tartu, Estonia \u2013 30 October 2004 in Tallinn, Estonia) was an Estonian banker.", "Q169020": "Zden\u011bk Mlyn\u00e1\u0159 (n\u00e9 M\u00fcller) (22 June 1930, Vysok\u00e9 M\u00fdto \u2013 15 April 1997, Vienna) was secretary of Czechoslovak communist party in the years 1968\u20131970 and an intellectual. Mlyn\u00e1\u0159 wrote the noteworthy political manifesto Towards a Democratic Political Organization of Society which was released on 5 May 1968, at the height of the Prague Spring. He also wrote, while in exile in Vienna, an autobiographical account of the Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact invasion that put an end to it in August, 1968. It was published in an English translation called Nightfrost in Prague: The End of Humane Socialism.", "Q185088": "The People's Party (Spanish: Partido Popular [pa\u027e\u02c8ti\u00f0o popu\u02c8la\u027e] (listen); known mostly by its acronym, PP [pe\u02c8pe]) is a conservative and Christian-democratic political party in Spain.\nThe People's Party was a 1989 re-foundation of People's Alliance (AP), a party led by former minister of the dictatorship Manuel Fraga and founded back in 1976 as alliance of post-Francoist proto-parties. The new party combined the conservative AP with several small Christian democratic and liberal parties (the party call this fusion of views \"the Reformist centre\"). In 2002, Manuel Fraga received the honorary title of \"Founding Chairman\". The party's youth organization is New Generations of the People's Party of Spain (NNGG).\nThe PP is a member of the center-right European People's Party (EPP), and in the European Parliament its 16 MEPs sit in the EPP Group. The PP is also a member of the Centrist Democrat International and the International Democrat Union. The PP was also one of the founding organizations of the Budapest-based Robert Schuman Institute for Developing Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe.\nOn 24 May 2018, the National Court found that the PP profited from the illegal kickbacks-for-contracts scheme of the G\u00fcrtel case, confirming the existence of an illegal accounting and financing structure that ran in parallel with the party's official one since the party's foundation in 1989 and ruling that the PP helped establish \"a genuine and effective system of institutional corruption through the manipulation of central, autonomous and local public procurement\". This prompted a no confidence vote on Mariano Rajoy's government, which was brought down on 1 June 2018 in the first successful motion since the Spanish transition to democracy. On 5 June 2018, Rajoy announced his resignation as PP leader.", "Q88224": "Karl Otto Hamann (4 March 1903 in Hildesheim \u2013 16 June 1973 in Munich) was a German politician. Between 1948 and 1952 he was chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party of (East) Germany (LDPD) and also the German Democratic Republic's Minister for Trade and Supply.In December 1952 he was arrested, stripped of his positions and imprisoned. Following his release, in May 1957 he was able to flee to West Germany, but he never again engaged in public politics.\n\n", "Q446546": "Fran\u00e7ois Tavenas, (12 September 1942 \u2013 13 February 2004) was a Canadian engineer and academic.\nBorn in Bourg-de-P\u00e9age, Dr\u00f4me, France, he received an engineering degree in civil engineering from Institut national des sciences appliqu\u00e9es de Lyon in 1963 and a Doctorate with specialization in soil mechanics in 1965 from the Universit\u00e9 de Grenoble. In 1968, he moved to Canada to become a lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering at Universit\u00e9 Laval. A Canadian citizen since 15 July 1971, he became an assistant professor in 1970, an associate professor in 1973, and a professor in 1978. He was the Dean, Faculty of Science and Engineering from 1985 to 1989.\nFrom 1989 to 1990, he was the Vice-Principal (Planning and Computing) at McGill University. From 1990 to 1997, he was the Vice-Principal (Planning and Resources) at McGill University. From 1995 to 1997, he was the Acting Vice-Principal (Macdonald Campus). As well, he was a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics. In 1997, he was appointed the rector of Universit\u00e9 Laval and a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering and in 2003 left to become the founding rector of the Universit\u00e9 du Luxembourg.", "Q97304": "Johannes Wilhelm Meinhold (27 February 1797 \u2013 30 November 1851) was a Pomeranian priest and author.", "Q43633": "Allan Schulman (15 September 1919 \u2013 12 July 2003) was a Swedish-Finnish journalist and television producer.\nSchulman was born on 15 September 1919 in Helsinki, Finland.He worked as journalist and managing editor at different Swedish newspapers and local radio stations in Finland between 1941 and 1951, and as producer at YLE between 1950 and 1953. In the year 1953 he moved to Stockholm to work at Radiotj\u00e4nst, where he first served as producer and from 1958 as managing producer. As producer he produced Frukostklubben with Sigge F\u00fcrst as host. Between 1962 and 1965 he worked as TV producer. During the following years he worked as director of communications at the Swedish Red Cross. Between 1967 and 1984 he worked at Sveriges Radio/Sveriges Television as producer for Kvitt eller dubbelt, Hylands h\u00f6rna and more.\nSchulman also a played a role in the 1982 film Flight of the Eagle directed by Jan Troell. He was editor in chief for the Jewish magazine Menorah.Schulman was married to the journalist Eva Schulman (n\u00e9e Tawaststjerna) between 1945 and 1974 and together they had four children, Jannecke, Leif, Micaela and Annika (married \u00c5slund). In 1974 he married the journalist Lisette Schulman (n\u00e9e Stolpe) and together they had three children, Niklas, Alex and Calle.\nSchulman died on 12 July 2003 in Stockholm, Sweden, aged 83.", "Q1771625": "Anton Alexeevich Bakov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432; born 29 December 1965) is a businessman, monarchist politician, traveller, writer and human rights activist. He is the chairman of the Russian Monarchist Party and was a member of the 4th convocation of the State Duma of the Russian Federation from 2003 to 2007. Due to being known for a long series of unusual political projects such as Ural franc, the writer Alexei Ivanov coined him a \"political Leonardo\".Bakov claims to have restored the Russian Empire through his establishment of the micronation of the Imperial Throne in 2011. In 2014, the Imperial Throne issued a manifesto announcing that German Prince Karl Emich of Leiningen had succeeded Nicholas II and is now Emperor Nicholas III. In 2017, the micronation was re-branded into Romanov Empire, and it was announced the African nation of The Gambia had begun the process of its state recognition. Under this regime, Bakov holds the position of Archchancellor and bears the title of \"His Serene Highness Prince\" (Knyaz).\n\n", "Q253476": "Christie Brinkley (born Christie Lee Hudson; February 2, 1954) is an American model, actress, and entrepreneur. Brinkley gained worldwide fame with her appearances in the late 1970s Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issues, ultimately appearing on an unprecedented three consecutive covers starting in 1979. She spent 25 years as the face of CoverGirl, has appeared on over 500 magazine covers, and has signed contracts with major brands\u2014both fashion and non-fashion.\nBrinkley went on to work as an actress, illustrator, television personality, photographer, writer, designer, and activist for human and animal rights and the environment. Brinkley has been married four times, most notably between 1985 and 1994 to musician Billy Joel, several of whose music videos she appeared in. Her fourth marriage, to architect Peter Cook, ended in a much-publicized 2008 divorce. With a career spanning more than three decades, magazines such as Allure and Men's Health have named Brinkley one of the most attractive women of all time.", "Q83359": "James Byron Dean (February 8, 1931 \u2013 September 30, 1955) was an American actor. He is remembered as a cultural icon of teenage disillusionment and social estrangement, as expressed in the title of his most celebrated film, Rebel Without a Cause (1955), in which he starred as troubled teenager Jim Stark. The other two roles that defined his stardom were loner Cal Trask in East of Eden (1955) and surly ranch hand Jett Rink in Giant (1956).\nAfter his death in a car crash, Dean became the first actor to receive a posthumous Academy Award nomination for Best Actor, and remains the only actor to have had two posthumous acting nominations. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked him the 18th best male movie star of Golden Age Hollywood in AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars list.", "Q876756": "Gustaw Morcinek (born Augustyn Morcinek; 25 August 1891 in Karvin\u00e1, Austria-Hungary \u2013 20 December 1963 in Krak\u00f3w, Poland) was a Polish writer, educator and later member of Sejm from 1952 to 1957. He is considered one of the most important writers from Silesia.", "Q216102": "Yitzhak Baer (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e8\u200e; 20 December 1888 \u2013 22 January 1980) was a German-Israeli historian and an expert on medieval Spanish Jewish history.\n\n", "Q770702": "Albert \"Al\" Anderson (born October 11, 1950) is an American-born songwriter and guitarist.\nAnderson grew up in Montclair, New Jersey and attended Montclair High School where he learned to play the trombone, eventually picking up guitar & bass guitar. He later attended the Berklee College of Music contemporaneously with Pat Metheny & Al DiMeola after working with an early version of Aerosmith in the Boston music scene. He joined The Centurions, which brought him to the attention of Chris Wood of Traffic, who invited him to play on the band's next album. The Traffic album involvement never materialized, but led to Anderson becoming employed by Traffic's record label Island Records, leading to him being asked to play lead guitar on Bob Marley & The Wailers' Natty Dread sessions. Anderson played lead guitar on \"Crazy Baldhead\" and on the Live! album, remaining with the band until 1976, when he joined Word, Sound and Power, backing Peter Tosh on the albums Legalize It and Equal Rights. He returned to Marley's band and played on the Survival and Uprising albums. After Marley's death, Anderson continued to tour with The Wailers Band. Anderson went on to record with Ben Harper (Diamonds On the Inside (2003)) and also Lauryn Hill on her multi-Grammy winning debut \"The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill\" (1998). He also produced and performed on an album for actor Steven Seagal (Songs from the Crystal Cave (2005)). In 2008 he formed the band The Original Wailers with Junior Marvin.", "Q390367": "Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0251\u0303 \u0283a\u0281l ad\u0254lf alf\u0251\u0303]), born in 1817 and died in 1891, interred at P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery (division 66), was a French engineer of the Corps of Bridges and Roads.", "Q541573": "Joseph Thomas Elliott, Jr. (born 1 August 1959) is an English singer-songwriter and musician, best known as the lead singer and one of the founding members of the English rock band Def Leppard. He has also been the lead singer of the David Bowie tribute band the Cybernauts and the Mott the Hoople cover band Down 'n' Outz. He is one of the two original members of Def Leppard and one of the three to perform on every Def Leppard album. Elliott is known for his distinctive and wide ranging raspy singing voice.", "Q314067": "Oleg Ivanovich Yankovsky (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 23 February 1944 \u2013 20 May 2009) was a Soviet and Russian actor who had excelled in psychologically sophisticated roles of modern intellectuals. In 1991, he became, together with Sofia Pilyavskaya, the last person to be named a People's Artist of the USSR.", "Q85728": "Hugo Bettauer (18 August 1872 \u2013 26 March 1925), born Maximilian Hugo Bettauer, was a prolific Austrian writer and journalist, who was murdered by a Nazi Party follower on account of his opposition to antisemitism. He was well known in his lifetime; many of his books were bestsellers and in the 1920s a number were made into films, most notably Die freudlose Gasse (The Joyless Street, directed by Georg Wilhelm Pabst, 1925), which dealt with prostitution, and Die Stadt ohne Juden (The City Without Jews, directed by Hans Karl Breslauer, 1924), a satire against antisemitism.", "Q49450": "Baron Simon Bernard (28 April 1779 \u2013 5 November 1839) was a French general of engineers. Born in Dole, Simon Bernard was educated at the \u00c9cole polytechnique, graduating as second in the promotion of 1799 and entered the army in the corps of engineers.", "Q69780": "Freienbach is a municipality in H\u00f6fe District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.", "Q67975": "Cadempino is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q48996": "Randal Edward Brecker (born November 27, 1945) is an American trumpeter, flugelhornist, and composer. His versatility has made him a popular studio musician who has recorded with acts in jazz, rock, and R&B.", "Q519718": "The Toungoo dynasty (Burmese: \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1030\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1000\u103a, [t\u00e0\u028a\u0270\u0303\u014b\u00f9 m\u026a\u0301\u0270\u0303 z\u025b\u0294]; also spelt Taungoo dynasty) was the ruling dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from the mid-16th century to 1752. Its early kings Tabinshwehti and Bayinnaung succeeded in reunifying the territories of the Pagan Kingdom for the first time since 1287 and in incorporating the Shan States for the first time. At its peak, the First Toungoo Empire also included Manipur, Chinese Shan States, Siam and Lan Xang. But the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia collapsed in the 18 years following Bayinnaung's death in 1581.\nThe dynasty quickly regrouped under the leadership of Nyaungyan Min and his son, Anaukpetlun, who succeeded in restoring a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Burma, Upper Burma, Shan States and Lan Na by 1622. The Restored Toungoo kings, now based in Ava (Inwa), created a legal and political system whose basic features would continue under the Konbaung dynasty well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years.\nThe kingdom entered a gradual decline due to the \"palace rule\" of its kings. Starting from the 1720s, the kingdom was beset with raids by the Meitei people of the Chindwin River, and a rebellion in Chiang Mai. Raids by the Meitei intensified in the 1730s, reaching increasingly deeper parts of central Burma. In 1740, the Mon people in Lower Burma began a rebellion, founding the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. The Hanthawaddy armies captured Inwa in 1752 and ended the 266-year-old Toungoo dynasty.", "Q27389": "The Sandinista National Liberation Front (Spanish: Frente Sandinista de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional, FSLN) is a socialist political party in Nicaragua. Its members are called Sandinistas [sandi\u02c8nistas] in both English and Spanish. The party is named after Augusto C\u00e9sar Sandino, who led the Nicaraguan resistance against the United States occupation of Nicaragua in the 1930s.The FSLN overthrew Anastasio Somoza DeBayle in 1979, ending the Somoza dynasty, and established a revolutionary government in its place. Having seized power, the Sandinistas ruled Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, first as part of a Junta of National Reconstruction. Following the resignation of centrist members from this Junta, the FSLN took exclusive power in March 1981. They instituted a policy of mass literacy, devoted significant resources to health care, and promoted gender equality but came under international criticism for human rights abuses, mass execution and oppression of indigenous peoples. A U.S.-backed group, known as the Contras, was formed in 1981 to overthrow the Sandinista government and was funded and trained by the Central Intelligence Agency. In 1984 elections were held but were boycotted by some opposition parties. The FSLN won the majority of the votes, and those who opposed the Sandinistas won approximately a third of the seats. The civil war between the Contras and the government continued until 1989. After revising the constitution in 1987, and after years of fighting the Contras, the FSLN lost the 1990 election to Violeta Barrios de Chamorro but retained a plurality of seats in the legislature.\nThe FSLN is now Nicaragua's sole leading party. The FSLN often polls in opposition to the much smaller Constitutionalist Liberal Party, or PLC. In the 2006 Nicaraguan general election, former FSLN President Daniel Ortega was re-elected President of Nicaragua with 38.7% of the vote compared to 29% for his leading rival, bringing in the country's second Sandinista government after 17 years of the opposition winning elections. Ortega and the FSLN were re-elected again in the presidential elections of November 2011 and of November 2016.", "Q310201": "Sir Henry Bessemer (19 January 1813 \u2013 15 March 1898) was an English inventor, whose steel-making process would become the most important technique for making steel in the nineteenth century for almost one hundred years from 1856 to 1950. He also played a significant role in establishing the town of Sheffield as a major industrial centre.Bessemer had been trying to reduce the cost of steel-making for military ordnance, and developed his system for blowing air through molten pig iron to remove the impurities. This made steel easier, quicker and cheaper to manufacture, and revolutionized structural engineering. One of the most significant innovators of the Second Industrial Revolution, Bessemer also made over 100 other inventions in the fields of iron, steel and glass. Unlike most inventors, he managed to bring his own projects to fruition and profited financially from their success.", "Q99301": "Gabriele Reuter (8 February 1859 \u2013 16 November 1941) was a German writer.\nGabriele Reuter, who was widely read in her lifetime though now is almost forgotten, was known for her novel From a Good Family (Aus guter Familie, 1895), subtitled \"the Passion of a Girl\", which described a typical young woman of the Wilhelmine era. Other bestsellers were her novels Ellen of the Meadows (Ellen von der Weiden, 1900), the short story collection Women's Souls (Frauenseelen, 1901) and the novel The Americans (Der Amerikaner, 1907).", "Q630454": "S. S. Van Dine (also styled S.S. Van Dine) is the pseudonym used by American art critic Willard Huntington Wright (October 15, 1888 \u2013 April 11, 1939) when he wrote detective novels. Wright was an important figure in avant-garde cultural circles in pre-World War I New York, and under the pseudonym (which he originally used to conceal his identity) he created the immensely popular fictional detective Philo Vance, a sleuth and aesthete who first appeared in books in the 1920s, then in movies and on the radio.", "Q970455": "Mihkel Mathiesen (27 October 1918 \u2013 28 November 2003) was an Estonian statesman.\nMihkel Mathiesen was born in Are Parish, P\u00e4rnu County. He was Estonian Minister of Communications in exile from 5 June 1985 to 20 June 1990 and Minister of Economic Affairs in exile from 20 June 1990 to 15 September 1992.\nOn 16 July 1992 he voted against abolition of the government in exile and on 15 September of the same year he assumed presidency (Prime Minister in the capacity of the President of the Republic) and appointed a new government.\nMihkel Mathiesen was succeeded on his death by Kalev Ots.", "Q712839": "Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum (Arabic: \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0623\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0645\u200e, Hamd\u0101n bin R\u0101schid \u0100l Makt\u016bm; born 25 December 1945) is the Deputy Ruler of Dubai and the Minister of Finance and Industry of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). He is the second son of the late ruler Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum (1912\u20131990, r. 1958\u20131990).\nSheikh Hamdan received his early education in the Emirates then attended Bell School of Languages, Cambridge. He and his brother, Sheikh Mohammed, control the state-owned Dubai Ports World along with the Dubai Holding Co. and its many subsidiary companies which have wide-ranging investments in hotels, apartment buildings, banking and finance, and healthcare facilities. Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum has been the head of the UAE's delegation at the International Monetary Fund and the OPEC Fund.\n\n", "Q214715": "Gustav K\u00fcstermann (May 24, 1850 \u2013 December 25, 1919) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.", "Q3568589": "William Edmund Scripps (May 6, 1882 \u2013 June 12, 1952) was a pioneer aviator and the publisher of The Detroit News. He was also an original founder of the WWJ radio station.", "Q6512": "S\u00f8ren Aabye Kierkegaard ( SORR-\u0259n KEER-k\u0259-gard, also US: -\u2060gor, Danish: [\u02c8s\u0153\u02d0\u0250n \u02c8k\u02b0i\u0250\u032fk\u0259\u02cck\u0252\u02c0] (listen); 5 May 1813 \u2013 11 November 1855) was a Danish philosopher, theologian, poet, social critic and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher. He wrote critical texts on organized religion, Christendom, morality, ethics, psychology, and the philosophy of religion, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony and parables. Much of his philosophical work deals with the issues of how one lives as a \"single individual\", giving priority to concrete human reality over abstract thinking and highlighting the importance of personal choice and commitment. He was against literary critics who defined idealist intellectuals and philosophers of his time, and thought that Swedenborg, Hegel, Fichte, Schelling, Schlegel and Hans Christian Andersen were all \"understood\" far too quickly by \"scholars\".Kierkegaard's theological work focuses on Christian ethics, the institution of the Church, the differences between purely objective proofs of Christianity, the infinite qualitative distinction between man and God, and the individual's subjective relationship to the God-Man Jesus the Christ, which came through faith. Much of his work deals with Christian love. He was extremely critical of the practice of Christianity as a state religion, primarily that of the Church of Denmark. His psychological work explored the emotions and feelings of individuals when faced with life choices.Kierkegaard's early work was written under the various pseudonyms to present distinctive viewpoints that interact in complex dialogue. He explored particularly complex problems from different viewpoints, each under a different pseudonym. He wrote many Upbuilding Discourses under his own name and dedicated them to the \"single individual\" who might want to discover the meaning of his works. Notably, he wrote: \"Science and scholarship want to teach that becoming objective is the way. Christianity teaches that the way is to become subjective, to become a subject.\" While scientists can learn about the world by observation, Kierkegaard emphatically denied that observation alone could reveal the inner workings of the world of the spirit.Some of Kierkegaard's key ideas include the concept of \"subjective and objective truths\", the knight of faith, the recollection and repetition dichotomy, angst, the infinite qualitative distinction, faith as a passion, and the three stages on life's way. Kierkegaard wrote in Danish and the reception of his work was initially limited to Scandinavia, but by the turn of the 20th century his writings were translated into French, German, and other major European languages. By the mid-20th century, his thought exerted a substantial influence on philosophy, theology, and Western culture.", "Q203269": "Stuart \"Stu\" Alexander Bennett (born 10 August 1980) is an English actor, professional wrestler, and former bare-knuckle boxer, best known for his tenure with WWE under the ring name Wade Barrett. He now works for World of Sport Wrestling, NWA Wrestling as a commentator and executive.\nWade won the first season of NXT in 2010 and made his Raw debut on 7 June of that year, rising to prominence as the leader of The Nexus, composed of the remaining NXT rookies of season 1. He headlined five WWE pay-per-view events during the remainder of 2010, challenging for the WWE Championship in three of those. Barrett formed the Corre with former Nexus members Heath Slater and Justin Gabriel in January 2011 and won his first Intercontinental Championship, a title that he has won overall five times. In 2013, he became Bad News Barrett until becoming the 20th King of the Ring winner in 2015 and changing his ring name to King Barrett. He left WWE in May 2016 and has not wrestled since then. However, he has appeared in other non-wrestling roles on the international independent circuit, such as a commentator for World of Sport Wrestling and a general manager for Defiant Wrestling under his real name Stu Bennett.", "Q118829": "The Cowboy and the Lady is a 1938 American western romantic comedy film directed by H.C. Potter, and starring Gary Cooper and Merle Oberon. Written by S.N. Behrman and Sonya Levien, based on a story by Frank R. Adams and veteran film director Leo McCarey, the film is about a beautiful socialite masquerading as a maid who becomes involved with an unpretentious, plain-spoken cowboy who is unaware of her true identity. The Cowboy and the Lady won an Academy Award for Sound Recording (Thomas T. Moulton), and was nominated for Original Score (Alfred Newman) and Original Song (\"The Cowboy and the Lady\" by Lionel Newman and Arthur Quenzer).\n\n", "Q309988": "The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT; German: Karlsruher Institut f\u00fcr Technologie) is a public research university and one of the largest research and educational institutions in Germany. KIT was created in 2009 when the University of Karlsruhe (Universit\u00e4t Karlsruhe), founded in 1825 as a public research university and also known as the \"Fridericiana\", merged with the Karlsruhe Research Center (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe), which had originally been established in 1956 as a national nuclear research center (Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, or KfK).KIT is a member of the TU9, an incorporated society of the largest and most notable German institutes of technology. As part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative KIT was one of three universities which were awarded excellence status in 2006. In the following \"German Excellence Strategy\" KIT was awarded as one of eleven \"Excellence Univiersities\" in 2019. KIT is among the leading technical universites in Germany and Europe and established the first German faculty for computer science in 1972.As of 2018, six Nobel laureates are affiliated with KIT. The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology is well known for many inventors and entrepreneurs who studied or taught there, including Heinrich Hertz, Karl Friedrich Benz and the founders of SAP SE.", "Q89112": "Robert Hohlbaum (August 28, 1886 \u2013 February 4, 1955) was an Austrian-German librarian, writer, and playwright. He was born as an industrialist Alois Hohlbaum in what is now Krnov in the Czech Republic, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and known by its German name, J\u00e4gerndorf.\nHohlbaum studied at Graz and Vienna and received his doctorate from the University of Vienna in 1910. He gained employment as a scientific librarian, but maintained an avocation as a writer, writing principally for the journal \"Muskete,\" along with Mirko Jelusich and Rudolf Hans Bartsch. Hohlbaum was a nationalist and became an officer in the Austrian army during World War I. After the war was over he became involved with the Austrian wing of the right-wing German People's Party.\nIn 1933 Hohlbaum moved to Germany, where he became a citizen in 1937. He was a friend of Josef Weinheber. He thrived during the Third Reich, becoming first the director of the municipal library at Duisburg and later, in 1942, that of the state library at Weimar (now the Duchess Anna Amalia Library).\nIn disgrace after the war, Hohlbaum was able after a number of attempts to return to Austria in 1951. He settled first in Vienna, and later in Graz, where he died in 1955. His most significant work after the war ended was a book on Anton Bruckner, Tedeum.", "Q121070": "Willy Bretscher (1897, Winterthur \u2013 1992) was a Swiss newspaper writer and editor.\nBretscher began his career as a secretary with the Neues Winterthurer Tagblatt, subsequently having his work taking up by numerous publications. In 1917 he took a position with the Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung, becoming in 1925 its Berlin correspondent. Bretscher voiced a strong dislike for Socialism, finding it too close to Communism, and in his position was able to witness firsthand the troubles of the Weimar Republic. He was made the Zeitung's editor-in-chief in 1933, holding the post until 1967. Bretscher aided in the early development of Liberal International; he died in 1992.", "Q1445276": "Franklin Delano Raines (born January 14, 1949) also known as Frank Raines is an American business executive. He is the former chairman and chief executive officer of the Federal National Mortgage Association, commonly known as Fannie Mae, who served as White House budget director under President Bill Clinton. His role leading Fannie Mae has come under scrutiny. He has been called one of the \"25 People to Blame for the Financial Crisis\" according to Time magazine.", "Q3486444": "Grace Jane Gummer (born May 9, 1986) is an American actress. She received a Theatre World Award for her Broadway debut in the 2011 revival of Arcadia. Her television work includes recurring roles in The Newsroom and American Horror Story: Freak Show, and regular roles in Extant and Mr. Robot.", "Q533683": "George Macovescu (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0361\u0292e\u032ford\u0361\u0292e mako\u02c8vesku]; 28 May 1913 \u2013 20 March 2002) was a Romanian writer and communist politician who served as the General Secretary of Ministry of Information of Romania and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania.", "Q151597": "Love Stinks is a 1999 American comedy film written and directed by Jeff Franklin and starring French Stewart, Bridgette Wilson, Bill Bellamy and Tyra Banks.\n\n", "Q1531285": "Milton Brown (September 8, 1903 \u2013 April 18, 1936) was an American band leader and vocalist who co-founded the genre of Western swing. His band was the first to fuse hillbilly hokum, jazz, and pop together into a unique, distinctly American hybrid, thus giving him the nickname, \"Father of Western Swing\". The birthplace of Brown's upbeat \"hot-jazz hillbilly\" string band sound was developed at the Crystal Springs Dance Hall in Fort Worth, Texas from 1931 to 1936.\nAlong with Bob Wills, with whom he performed at the beginning of his career, Brown developed the sound and style of Western swing in the early 1930s. For a while, he and his band, the Musical Brownies, were more popular than Bob Wills and his Texas Playboys. Brown's career was cut short in 1936 when he died following a car accident.", "Q316670": "Robert Clary (born Robert Max Widerman; March 1, 1926) is a French-American actor, published author, artist and lecturer. He is best known for his role in the television sitcom Hogan's Heroes as Corporal Louis LeBeau.", "Q339693": "Mafia!, also known as Jane Austen's Mafia!, is a 1998 comedy film directed by Jim Abrahams and starring Jay Mohr, Lloyd Bridges (in one of his final films), Olympia Dukakis and Christina Applegate.\nThe film spoofs Francis Ford Coppola's Godfather series and various other mafia films, notably Martin Scorsese's Casino. It also parodies films in other genres, ranging from Forrest Gump to Il Postino and The English Patient.", "Q150851": "Colin Luther Powell (; born April 5, 1937) is an American politician and retired four-star general in the United States Army. During his military career, Powell also served as National Security Advisor (1987\u20131989), as Commander of the U.S. Army Forces Command (1989) and as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1989\u20131993). He played major roles in the invasion of Panama in 1989 and especially the Persian Gulf War against Iraq in 1990\u20131991. He was the 65th United States Secretary of State, serving under Republican President George W. Bush. He was the first black person to serve in that position. His term was highly controversial regarding his inaccurate justification for America's Iraq War in 2003. He was fired after Bush was reelected in 2004.Powell was born in New York City in 1937 and was raised in the South Bronx. His parents, Luther and Maud Powell, immigrated to the United States from Jamaica. Powell was educated in the New York City public schools, graduating from the City College of New York (CCNY), where he earned a bachelor's degree in geology. He also participated in ROTC at CCNY and received a commission as an Army second lieutenant upon graduation in June 1958. Powell was a professional soldier for 35 years, during which time he held many command and staff positions and rose to the rank of 4-star general. His last assignment, from October 1, 1989, to September 30, 1993, was as the 12th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the highest military position in the Department of Defense. During this time, he oversaw 28 crises, including Operation Desert Storm in the 1991 Persian Gulf War. He formulated the Powell Doctrine which limits American military action unless it satisfies criteria regarding American national security interests, overwhelming force, and widespread public support.In retirement, Powell wrote his best-selling autobiography, My American Journey. He pursued a career as a public speaker, addressing audiences across the country and abroad. Prior to his appointment as Secretary of State, Powell was the chairman of America's Promise \u2013 The Alliance for Youth, a national nonprofit organization dedicated to mobilizing people from every sector of American life to build the character and competence of young people. Powell is the recipient of numerous U.S. and foreign military awards and decorations. Powell's civilian awards include the Presidential Medal of Freedom (twice), the President's Citizens Medal, the Congressional Gold Medal, the Secretary of State Distinguished Service Medal, and the Secretary of Energy Distinguished Service Medal. Several schools and other institutions have been named in his honor and he holds honorary degrees from universities and colleges across the country.\nIn 2016, while not a candidate for that year's election, Powell received three electoral votes for the office of President of the United States.", "Q318885": "Makoto Iwamatsu (\u5ca9\u677e \u4fe1, Iwamatsu Makoto, December 10, 1933 \u2013 July 21, 2006) was a Japanese-American live-action and voice actor; almost all of his acting roles credited him as Mako.\nHis film roles include Po-Han in The Sand Pebbles (1966) (for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor), Oomiak \"The Fearless One\" in The Island at the Top of the World (1974), Akiro the Wizard in Conan the Barbarian (1982) and Conan the Destroyer (1984), and Kungo Tsarong in Seven Years in Tibet (1997). He was part of the original cast of Stephen Sondheim's 1976 Broadway musical Pacific Overtures, which earned him a Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Musical. He was also one of the founding members of East West Players.Later in his career, he became well known for his voice acting roles, including Aku in Samurai Jack (2001\u20132004), and Iroh in Avatar: The Last Airbender (2005\u20132006). He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7095 Hollywood Blvd.", "Q1877659": "Lurlean Hunter (December 1, 1919 \u2013 March 11, 1983) was an American contralto singer.", "Q91985": "Karl Bernhard Dall (born 1 February 1941 in Emden, Germany) is a German comedian, singer and television presenter. His distinctive 'hanging' eye is caused by a congenital ptosis.", "Q116804": "Viktor Giacobbo (born February 6, 1952) is a Swiss writer, comedian and actor.", "Q7685416": "Taraneh Records (Persian: \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200e) is a record label based in Reseda, California. The label focuses on Iranian music. Taraneh Enterprises, Inc. (dba: Taraneh Records) is a major manufacturer and distributor of Persian Media (DVD, CD, VHS) in the United States. Taraneh Enterprises, Inc. has a large selection of old and new Iranian music CDs and movies on DVDs.", "Q127367": "The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson, based on the first volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. The film is the first instalment in The Lord of the Rings trilogy and was produced by Barrie M. Osborne, Jackson, Fran Walsh and Tim Sanders, and written by Walsh, Philippa Boyens and Jackson. The film features an ensemble cast including Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Liv Tyler, Viggo Mortensen, Sean Astin, Cate Blanchett, John Rhys-Davies, Billy Boyd, Dominic Monaghan, Orlando Bloom, Christopher Lee, Hugo Weaving, Sean Bean, Ian Holm, and Andy Serkis. It was followed by The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003).\nSet in Middle-earth, the story tells of the Dark Lord Sauron, who is seeking the One Ring. The Ring has found its way to the young hobbit Frodo Baggins. The fate of Middle-earth hangs in the balance as Frodo and eight companions who form the Fellowship of the Ring begin their journey to Mount Doom in the land of Mordor, the only place where the Ring can be destroyed.\nThe Fellowship of the Ring was financed and distributed by American studio New Line Cinema, but filmed and edited entirely in Jackson's native New Zealand, concurrently with the other two parts of the trilogy. It premiered on 10 December 2001 at the Odeon Leicester Square in London and was theatrically released on 19 December 2001 in the United States, and on 20 December 2001 in New Zealand. The film was highly acclaimed by critics and fans alike, who considered it to be a landmark in filmmaking and an achievement in the fantasy film genre. It grossed $887.8 million worldwide, making it the second highest-grossing film of 2001 and the fifth highest-grossing film of all time at the time of its release.The Fellowship of the Ring is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential fantasy films ever made. The film received numerous accolades; at the 74th Academy Awards, it was nominated for thirteen awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Supporting Actor for McKellen, Best Art Direction, Best Costume Design, Best Film Editing, Best Original Song for \"May It Be\" and Best Sound, winning four: Best Cinematography, Best Makeup, Best Original Score and Best Visual Effects.", "Q3876458": "Niclas Sahlgren (in full Nicolaus Sahlgren) (18 March 1701 \u2013 10 March 1776), was a Swedish merchant and philanthropist.\nBorn into a wealthy merchant family in Gothenburg, Sahlgren was sent at the age of 16 as an apprentice to the Tietzen & Schr\u00f6der trading house in Amsterdam, where he learned languages and other aspects of trade. Several additional years of travels on the European continent, to England, and in Sweden, gained him experience, knowledge of natural resources and important contacts. He settled in Gothenburg again on the death of his mother and became a burgess of Gothenburg in 1733. He was one of the founders of the Swedish East India Company and one of its directors from 1733 to 1768.\nA large part of his wealth, left for the creation of a benefactory institution of some kind, was used to found a hospital named after Sahlgren in Gothenburg, the present Sahlgrenska University Hospital.\nIn 1773, Sahlgren was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.", "Q44612": "Horst Lorenz Seehofer (born 4 July 1949) is a German politician serving as Leader of the Christian Social Union (CSU) from 2008 to 2019 and Minister of the Interior, Building and Community since 2018 under Chancellor Angela Merkel. From 2008 to 2018, he was Minister President of Bavaria; he also served as President of the Bundesrat between 2011 and 2012.\nFirst elected to the Bundestag in 1980, he served as Federal Minister for Health and Social Security from 1992 to 1998 and as Federal Minister of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection in the cabinet of Angela Merkel from 2005 to 2008. In October 2008 he became Leader of the CSU and the 18th Minister President of Bavaria. From 1 November 2011 until 31 October 2012 he served as President of the Bundesrat and ex officio deputy to the President of Germany. Because of that he was Acting President of Germany after the resignation of President Christian Wulff on 17 February 2012 and before the election of Joachim Gauck as Wulff's successor on 18 March 2012.A staunch opponent of Chancellor Angela Merkel's refugee policy, Seehofer has threatened to file a formal complaint against the Merkel government's refugee policy with Germany's Constitutional Court and is a proponent of a federal cap on the number of refugees the German government is to take in.", "Q370293": "John Christopher Williams, OBE (born 24 April 1941) is an Australian virtuosic classical guitarist renowned for his ensemble playing as well as his interpretation and promotion of the modern classical guitar repertoire. In 1973, he shared a Grammy Award in the Best Chamber Music Performance category with fellow guitarist Julian Bream for Julian and John (Works by Lawes, Carulli, Alb\u00e9niz, Granados). Guitar historian Graham Wade has said: \"John is perhaps the most technically accomplished guitarist the world has seen.\"", "Q265852": "Timothy Donald Cook (born November 1, 1960) is an American business executive and industrial engineer. Cook is the chief executive officer of Apple Inc., and previously served as the company's chief operating officer under its cofounder Steve Jobs.Cook joined Apple in March 1998 as a senior vice president for worldwide operations, and then served as the executive vice president for worldwide sales and operations. He was made the chief executive on August 24, 2011, prior to Jobs' death in October of that year. During his tenure as the chief executive, he has advocated for the political reformation of international and domestic surveillance, cybersecurity, corporate taxation, American manufacturing, and environmental preservation.\nIn 2014, Cook became the first chief executive of a Fortune 500 company to publicly come out as gay. Cook also serves on the boards of directors of Nike, Inc., the National Football Foundation, and is a trustee of Duke University. In March 2015, he said he planned to donate his entire stock fortune to charity.", "Q898857": "Branson is a city in Taney and Stone counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. Most of the city is in Taney County, with a small portion in the west extending into Stone County. Branson is in the Ozark Mountains. The community was named after Reuben Branson, postmaster and operator of a general store in the area in the 1880s. The population was 10,520 at the 2010 census.\nBranson has long been a popular destination for vacationers from Missouri and around the country. The collection of entertainment theaters along 76 Country Boulevard (and to a lesser extent along Shepherd of the Hills Expressway), including Dolly Parton's Stampede, has increased Branson's popularity as a tourist destination.", "Q167743": "Juan \u00c1lvarez Mendiz\u00e1bal, born Juan \u00c1lvarez M\u00e9ndez (25 February 1790 \u2013 3 November 1853), was a Spanish economist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 25 September 1835 to 15 May 1836.", "Q946859": "Francis Xavier Aloysius James Jeremiah Keenan Wynn (July 27, 1916 \u2013 October 14, 1986) was an American character actor. His expressive face was his stock-in-trade; and though he rarely carried the lead role, he had prominent billing in most of his film and television roles.", "Q176896": "Madeleine Ouellette-Michalska (born May 27, 1930) is a Canadian writer from Quebec.", "Q299431": "Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart (31 October 1895 \u2013 29 January 1970), commonly known throughout most of his career as Captain B. H. Liddell Hart, was a British soldier, military historian and military theorist. In the 1920s and later he wrote a series of military histories that proved influential among strategists. He argued that frontal assault was a strategy that was bound to fail at great cost in lives, as happened in 1914\u20131918. He instead recommended the \"indirect approach\" and reliance on fast-moving armoured formations.\n\n", "Q587326": "Tokyo Institute of Technology (\u6771\u4eac\u5de5\u696d\u5927\u5b66, T\u014dky\u014d K\u014dgy\u014d Daigaku, informally Tokyo Tech, Tokodai or TIT) is a national research university located in Greater Tokyo Area, Japan. Tokyo Tech is the largest institution for higher education in Japan dedicated to science and technology, and is generally considered to be one of the most prestigious universities in Japan.\nTokyo Tech's main campus is located at \u014cokayama on the boundary of Meguro and Ota, with its main entrance facing the \u014cokayama Station. Other campuses are located in Suzukakedai and Tamachi. Tokyo Tech is organised into 6 schools, within which there are over 40 departments and research centres. Tokyo Tech enrolled 4,734 undergraduates and 1,464 graduate students for 2015\u20132016. It employs around 1,100 faculty members. Tokyo Institute of Technology produced a Nobel Prize laureate in Chemistry Hideki Shirakawa Ph.D.\n\n", "Q515644": "Andrzej Stasiuk (born 25 September 1960 in Warsaw, Poland) is one of the most successful and internationally acclaimed contemporary Polish writers, journalists and literary critics. He is best known for his travel literature and essays that describe the reality of Eastern Europe and its relationship with the West.", "Q214073": "Mariana Frenk-Westheim (June 4, 1898 \u2013 June 24, 2004) was a writer of Spanish-Mexican prose, hispanist, lecturer of literature, museum expert and a Mexican translator.Mariana Frenk-Westheim, a daughter of Jewish parents, was born in Hamburg and left Germany in 1930 together with her husband, physician Ernst Frenk, and two children, and moved overseas to Mexico. After her husband's death she married Paul Westheim, an art historian. \nHer most renowned translations are those of the books by Mexican author, Juan Rulfo. In 2002 she published her poems in a volume, \"Tausend Reime f\u00fcr Gro\u00dfe und Kleime. Die Tier- und Dingwelt alphabetisch vorgestellt\". She died in Mexico City, 106 years of age.", "Q2218108": "Samuel Cummings, (February 7, 1927 \u2013 April 29, 1998) was an American small arms dealer. He founded the International Armament Corporation (also known as Interarms or Interarmco) in 1953, a company which came to dominate the free world market in private arms sales. He died on April 29, 1998, in Monaco after a series of strokes.", "Q359601": "Eric VI Menved (1274 \u2013 13 November 1319) was King of Denmark (1286\u20131319). A son of Eric V of Denmark and Agnes of Brandenburg, he became king in 1286 at age 12, when his father was murdered on 22 November by unknown assailants. On account of his age, his mother ruled for him until 1294.", "Q289622": "The Proclaimers are a Scottish rock duo formed in 1983 by twin brothers Craig and Charlie Reid, who were born 5 March 1962. They came to attention with their 1987 single \"Letter from America\", which reached No. 3 in the United Kingdom, and the 1988 single \"I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)\", which topped charts in Australia, Iceland and New Zealand. The Proclaimers have sold over 5 million albums worldwide.First active from 1983 as an acoustic duo, the Proclaimers moved toward band-oriented rock in later works. The Proclaimers' style draws from a diversity of influences, including country, folk, and the punk rock of the Clash. Their playing range has included roots rock, alternative rock and folk rock, and their music is typified by thick Scottish accents in their vocals.The Proclaimers consistently tour the world, and have released 11 studio albums since 1987, the most recent being 2018's Angry Cyclist, as well as three compilation albums and a DVD.", "Q362697": "Freddy Rodriguez (born January 17, 1975) is an American actor known for playing the characters Hector Federico \"Rico\" Diaz on HBO's Six Feet Under and El Wray in Robert Rodriguez's Planet Terror. In 2007 he was a recurring cast member on the series Ugly Betty as Giovanni \"Gio\" Rossi. He starred as Dr. Michael Ragosa in the first two seasons of the NBC drama The Night Shift (2014\u201315). In 2016, Rodriguez became a main cast member in the CBS courtroom drama Bull.", "Q697833": "Am\u00e9d\u00e9e Simon Dominique Thierry (2 August 1797, Blois, Loir-et-Cher \u2013 27 March 1873, Paris), French journalist and historian, was the younger brother of Augustin.", "Q445701": "Kenneth Lee Lay (April 15, 1942 \u2013 July 5, 2006) was the founder, CEO and Chairman of Enron and was heavily involved in the Enron scandal, a major accounting scandal that unraveled in 2000 in the largest bankruptcy ever to that date. Lay was indicted by a grand jury and was found guilty of 10 counts of securities fraud in the trial of Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling. Lay died in July 2006 while vacationing in his house near Aspen, Colorado, three months before his scheduled sentencing. A preliminary autopsy reported Lay died of a myocardial infarction (heart attack) caused by coronary artery disease; his death resulted in a vacated judgment.Lay left behind \"a legacy of shame\" characterized by \"mismanagement and dishonesty\". In 2009, Portfolio.com ranked Lay as the third-worst American CEO of all time. His actions were the catalyst for subsequent and fundamental corporate reform in regard to \"standards of leadership, governance, and accountability\".Lay was one of America's highest-paid CEOs; between 1998 and 2001, he collected more than $220 million in cash and stock in Enron and sold 1.7 million shares. However, during his trial in 2006, Lay claimed that Enron stock made up about 90% of his wealth, and that his net worth at that time was negative $250,000.", "Q123101": "Robert Louis-Dreyfus ((1946-06-14)14 June 1946 \u2013 (2009-07-04)4 July 2009) was a French businessman who had major success as chief executive officer (CEO) of Adidas-Salomon and Saatchi & Saatchi. He was a majority shareholder of the French football team Olympique de Marseille, and during his tenure they re-emerged as a major European football club.", "Q165154": "The Kingdom of Sardinia was a state in Southern Europe from the early 14th until the mid-19th century.\nThe Kingdom was a member of the Council of Aragon and initially consisted of the islands of Corsica and Sardinia, sovereignty over both of which was claimed by the Papacy, which granted them as a fief, the regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae (\"kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica\"), to King James II of Aragon in 1297. Beginning in 1324, James and his successors conquered the island of Sardinia and established de facto their de jure authority. In 1420, after the Sardinian-Catalan War, the last competing claim to the island was bought out. After the union of the crowns of Aragon and Castile, Sardinia became a part of the burgeoning Spanish Empire.\nIn 1720, the island was ceded by the Habsburg and Bourbon claimants to the Spanish throne to the Duke of Savoy Victor Amadeus II. The Savoyards united it with their historical possessions on the Italian mainland, and the Kingdom came to be progressively identified with the Mainland states, which included, besides Savoy and Aosta, dynastic possessions like the Principality of Piedmont and the County of Nice (over both of which the Savoyards had been exercising their control since the 13th century and 1388, respectively). The formal name of such composite state was the \"States of His Majesty the King of Sardinia\" and is referred to as either Savoy-Sardinia, Piedmont-Sardinia, or even the Kingdom of Piedmont to emphasise that the island of Sardinia had always been of secondary importance to the monarchy. While in theory the traditional capital of the island of Sardinia and the seat of its viceroys had always been Cagliari, it was the Piedmontese city of Turin, the capital of Savoy since the mid 16th century, which was the de facto seat of power under Savoyard rule.\nWhen the Mainland domains of the House of Savoy were occupied and eventually annexed by Napoleonic France, the king of Sardinia temporarily resided on the island for the first time in Sardinia's history under Savoyard rule. The Congress of Vienna (1814\u201315), which restructured Europe after Napoleon's defeat, returned to Savoy its Mainland possessions and augmented them with Liguria, taken from the Republic of Genoa. In 1847\u201348, through an act of Union analogous to the Irish-British one, the various Savoyard states were unified under one legal system with their capital in Turin, and granted a constitution, the Statuto Albertino. By the time of the Crimean War in 1853, the Savoyards had built the kingdom into a strong power. There followed the annexation of Lombardy (1859), the central Italian states and the Two Sicilies (1860), Venetia (1866), and the Papal States (1870). On 17 March 1861, to more accurately reflect its new geographic extent, the Kingdom of Sardinia changed its name to the Kingdom of Italy, and its capital was eventually moved first to Florence and then to Rome. The Savoy-led Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia was thus the legal predecessor of the Kingdom of Italy, which in turn is the predecessor of the present-day Italian Republic.", "Q4231614": "Sarah Margaret \"Sally\" Roffey Jewell (born February 21, 1956) is a British-American businessperson who served as the 51st United States Secretary of the Interior in the administration of President Barack Obama from 2013 to 2017.\nJewell was born in London and moved to the United States at age three. She grew up in the State of Washington and attended the University of Washington. After college, Jewell briefly worked as an oil engineer before transitioning to the banking industry. A position on the board of Recreational Equipment, Inc. (REI), a Seattle-based retailer of outdoor gear, in 1996, eventually led to her becoming the company's chief operating officer, from 2000 to 2005, and then chief executive officer from 2005 to 2013.\nJewell is a lifelong outdoors enthusiast and while at REI became known for her involvement in conservation and environmental protection. These efforts brought her to the attention of the Obama administration, and she was nominated as Secretary of the Interior to succeed Ken Salazar in 2013. Her nomination received substantial bipartisan support and she was handily confirmed by the Senate in April 2013. Jewell is the second woman to hold the position of Secretary of the Interior, after Gale Norton.", "Q57108": "Corseaux is a municipality in the district Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q284306": "Miracle Laurie (born August 1, 1981) is an American actress best known for portraying Mellie on the Joss Whedon drama Dollhouse.", "Q770064": "Warren Kenneth Worthington III, originally known as Angel and later as Archangel, is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and is a founding member of the X-Men. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in The X-Men #1 (September 1963).\nAngel is a member of a subspecies of humans known as mutants, who are born with superhuman abilities. The character originally possesses a pair of large feathered wings extending from his back, enabling him to fly. He is the heir of the Worthington family fortune, and this privileged background results in Warren being stereotyped as self-absorbed and unable to deal with hardships during his early years with the X-Men. This personality was ultimately replaced with a more introspective and brooding personality in the late 1980s, when the character was changed into the darker \"Archangel\" persona. While Angel's wings were originally feathered, his transition to Archangel resulted in metallic wings and newfound powers.\nAs one of the original X-Men, Archangel has had a frequent presence in X-Men-related comic books throughout the years and also appeared occasionally in X-Men animated series and video games. Ben Foster played the role of Angel in the 2006 film X-Men: The Last Stand and Ben Hardy portrayed a younger version in the 2016 film X-Men: Apocalypse.", "Q785589": "Paris Gibson (July 1, 1830 \u2013 December 16, 1920) was an American entrepreneur and politician. \nGibson was born in Brownfield, Maine. An 1851 graduate of Bowdoin College, he served as a member of the Montana State Senate and as a Democratic member of the United States Senate between 1901 and 1905.", "Q4115068": "Lolo Soetoro (EYD: Lolo Sutoro; Javanese: [\u02c8l\u0252l\u0252 su\u02d0\u02c8t\u0252r\u0252\u02d0]; 2 January 1935 \u2013 2 March 1987), also known as Lolo Soetoro Mangunharjo or Mangundikardjo, of Indonesia was the stepfather of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States.", "Q498560": "Rotenburg an der W\u00fcmme (also known as Rotenburg (W\u00fcmme); Rotenburg in Hannover until May 1969) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Rotenburg.", "Q259167": "Daniel (\"Danny\") Wilhelmus Maria Nelissen (born 10 November 1970 in Sittard, Netherlands) is a Dutch former professional road bicycle racer and former sports commentator at Eurosport. He won the 1995 amateur world championship and was named Dutch Sportsman of the year. He was the nephew of cycling commentator Jean Nelissen.He started his professional career in 1990 with PDM, for which he won his first professional race, the Grand Prix de Wallonie, in 1992. In 1994, while riding for the Dutch TVM team, he developed heart rhythm impairments and returned to ride at amateur level.\nThe following year in Colombia he won the amateur world championship. He was the last amateur world champion, the UCI replacing the race with a youth competition in 1996. The triumph lead to Nelissen being voted as 1995 Dutch Sportsman of the year. According to Nelissen, his use of a power meter was key to his win: he claimed that he was one of the few riders \"(who) had them and knew what they could do\" at that time, alongside Greg LeMond and Jonathan Vaughters. All three riders shared the same coach, Adrie Van Diemen. He prepared for the race by tackling the hardest climb on the finishing circuit in a variety of ways to find the tactic which would enable him to complete the climb fastest, settling on riding it at a steady tempo. During the race he was able to use this tactic to catch up to the other riders in the winning break after being dropped by them at the start of the climb. He made his winning break just over a lap from the finish, attacking on a descent and soloing to the finish.He was brought into the Rabobank team for two years under manager Jan Raas. In the 1996 Tour de France, he wore the polka dot jersey as leader of the mountains classification for a couple of days. Before 1998, he joined the Danish team, Team Home - Jack & Jones (later named Team CSC).\nIn January 1999, further heart problems brought his retirement at 28.He's currently production manager of Dutch Eurosport.\nDanny Nelissen was the first Dutch road bicycle racer to admit the use of doping during the years 1996 and 1997. He repeated his confession on Dutch television (RTL7, interview by Wilfred Genee, 21 Jan. 2013).", "Q28910": "John Stevens Cabot Abbott (September 19, 1805 \u2013 June 17, 1877), an American historian, pastor, and pedagogical writer, was born in Brunswick, Maine to Jacob and Betsey Abbott.", "Q240436": "Krista Allen (born April 5, 1971) is an American stand up comic and actress. She is best known for her work in the television series Days of Our Lives and Baywatch and in the Hollywood film The Final Destination and playing lead character Emmanuelle in the erotic movie series Emmanuelle in Space. She also portrayed the eponymous character on The CW series Significant Mother, and was featured in Anger Management with Adam Sandler.", "Q165140": "Herrnhut (listen)(Sorbian: Ochranow; Czech: Ochranov) is an Upper Lusatian town in the G\u00f6rlitz district in Saxony, Germany, known for the community of the Moravian Church established by Nicolas Ludwig, Count von Zinzendorf in 1722.", "Q433683": "Victoria Chaplin (born May 19, 1951) is a British-American circus performer. She is the daughter of film actor and comedian Charlie Chaplin from his fourth wife, Oona O'Neill, and the granddaughter of playwright Eugene O'Neill.\nChaplin was born in the United States, but grew up in Switzerland. As a teenager, she appeared as an extra in her father's last film, A Countess from Hong Kong (1966). Her father also wanted her to star in the main role of a winged girl found from the Amazonian rainforest in his next planned film, The Freak, in 1969. However, the project was never filmed because of his declining health and because Victoria eloped with the French actor Jean-Baptiste Thierr\u00e9e.Chaplin and Thierr\u00e9e had first come into contact after he read about Chaplin's aspiration of becoming a circus clown in a magazine article of her father, and asked her to form a new type of circus with him. Soon after their elopement they briefly appeared as two clowns in Federico Fellini's The Clowns (1970), and the next year performed for the first time with the contemporary circus Le Cirque Bonjour, which they had founded together, at Festival d'Avignon. In 1974, they founded a new, smaller circus, Le Cirque Imaginaire, which centered only on their, and occasionally their children's, performances, and from 1990 onwards have performed under the name Le Cirque Invisible.Chaplin and Thierr\u00e9e have two children, Aur\u00e9lia Thierr\u00e9e, (born 24 September 1971), and James Thierr\u00e9e, (born 2 May 1974), who are also performing artists. In addition to performing in Le Cirque Invisible, Chaplin has also helped in creating her children's shows, and in 2006 was awarded the French national theatre prize, the Moli\u00e8re Award, for designing the costumes for her son's show, The Junebug Symphony.", "Q94157": "Kenneth Kapstad (born 20 April 1979) is a Norwegian musician (drums) from Trondheim, known as the drummer of the band G\u00e5te (2004\u201305), and God Seed (2012-2015), and from collaborations within the bands Motorpsycho, Animal Alpha, Goat the Head and Monolithic.", "Q1471879": "Cracow University of Economics ( Polish: Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, UEK) is one of the five Polish public economics universities. CUE came into existence in 1925. It is the biggest university of economic sciences in Poland. Krak\u00f3w University of Economics is one of the three largest universities in Krak\u00f3w, after Jagiellonian University and the AGH University of Science and Technology. The motto and mission of the university in Latin is \"Rerum cognoscere causas et valorem\" (in English \"To learn the causes and values of things. To provide universal education. To bring together professional and general knowledge of methodological and theoretical character.\") Its 17-acre (69,000 m2) campus is in the vicinity of historical medieval Old Town of Krak\u00f3w and easily accessible both on foot or by public transportation. In addition to the main campus in Krak\u00f3w, the university has seven Remote Teaching Centers in the cities of the region.", "Q2833239": "Charles Joseph Van Depoele (27 April 1846, Lichtervelde, West Flanders, Belgium \u2013 18 March 1892, Lynn, Massachusetts, US) was an electrical engineer, inventor, and pioneer in electric railway technology, including the first trolley pole.", "Q239693": "Super Junior (Korean: \uc288\ud37c\uc8fc\ub2c8\uc5b4; Syupeo Junieo), also known as SJ or SuJu, is a South Korean boy band formed on November 6, 2005, by producer Lee Soo-man of SM Entertainment. They are also dubbed by the media and Korean Music Awards as the \"King of Hallyu Wave\" due to their prominent contributions in Korean Wave. The group comprised a total of thirteen members at its peak. Super Junior originally debuted with twelve members, consisting of leader Leeteuk, Heechul, Hangeng, Yesung, Kangin, Shindong, Sungmin, Eunhyuk, Siwon, Donghae, Ryeowook, and Kibum. Kyuhyun joined the group later in 2006. \nSuper Junior launched into international recognition following the release of their best-selling single \"Sorry, Sorry\" in 2009, the title song of their most critically successful album, Sorry, Sorry. Over the years, they have been divided into smaller groups, simultaneously targeting different music industries and audiences. Individually, the members have also branched out into hosting, presenting and acting, and their successes and popularity as all-rounded entertainers have led other Korean entertainment managements to also begin training their music groups in other aspects of the entertainment industry.In 2009, Hangeng filed a lawsuit against SM due to unfavorable contract terms and officially left the group in 2011. In 2015, Kibum's contract with SM ended and in 2019, Kangin left the group voluntarily. As of 2019, Super Junior has nine active members\u2014Leeteuk, Heechul, Yesung, Shindong, Donghae, Eunhyuk, Siwon, Ryeowook, and Kyuhyun\u2014with Sungmin on hiatus since 2015.\nSuper Junior was the best-selling K-pop artist for four years in a row. Super Junior have earned thirteen music awards from the Mnet Asian Music Awards, nineteen from the Golden Disc Awards, and are the second singing group to win Favorite Artist Korea at the 2008 MTV Asia Awards after jtL in 2003. In 2012, they were nominated for \"Best Asian Act\" in MTV Europe Music Awards. In 2015, they won the \"International Artist\" and \"Best Fandom\" in the Teen Choice Awards. In March 2020, Super Junior broke their own record topping the Korean Album Chart of Taiwan\u2019s KKBOX for 122 consecutive weeks since 2017 with their 8th album Play, the 8th album repackage REPLAY in 2018, the 9th album Time_Slip from 2019, and this year\u2019s 9th album repackage TIMELESS. Their fandom name is E.L.F, which stands for Ever Lasting Friends.", "Q1356737": "Ernesto Dj\u00e9dj\u00e9 (1948\u20131983) was an Ivorian musician from Daloa. His parents were Wolof and B\u00e9t\u00e9. Dj\u00e9dj\u00e9 began playing music at fifteen when he became a guitarist with Ivoiro Star, a leading dop\u00e9 band, in 1962. He moved to Paris in 1968 and became a student. He continued to perform and made his first recording with Anoma Brou Felix in 1970 with the help of Manu Dibango.\nIn 1972, he returned to his homeland to lead the San Pedro Orchestra. He later formed a band called Les Ziglibithiens and pioneered a musical style called Ziglibithy based on a kind of B\u00e9t\u00e9 roots music combined with Congolese rhythms. Djedje's Ziglibithy is highly syncopated dance music, in which the sinuous guitar lines are punctuated with fat horns.\nDjedje recorded his first solo album in 1977, calling it Zibot\u00e9 with producer Gbadamassi Ra\u00efmi. Another album, Le Roi du Ziglibithy, was released on Badmos Records in 1977. He also released albums entitled Aguisse (also on Badmos Records), Tizere and Zouzoup Ale. All of these vinyl LP's are rare today, although Le Roi du Ziglibithy, which is arguably Djedje's best record, has been reissued on CD by Popular African Music, headquartered in Germany.\nIvoirian president F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny honored him for his contributions to national culture in 1982. Dj\u00e9dj\u00e9 died suddenly of an untreated ulcer in 1983 at 35, although many claim that he was poisoned.", "Q20741004": "Soy Luna (English: I am Luna) is an Argentine telenovela produced by Disney Channel Latin America. The first episode of Soy Luna premiered with over 2.3 million views in Argentina alone. Developed by Disney Channel Latin America and produced by Disney Channel Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA), the series stars Karol Sevilla along with Ruggero Pasquarelli. It premiered on March 14, 2016, and concluded on 17 August 2018.\n\n", "Q833578": "North and South is the title of three American television miniseries broadcast on the ABC network in 1985, 1986, and 1994. Set before, during, and immediately after the American Civil War, they are based on the 1980s trilogy of novels North and South by John Jakes. The 1985 first installment, North and South, remains the seventh-highest rated miniseries in TV history. North and South: Book II (1986) was met with similar success, while 1994's Heaven and Hell: North and South Book III was poorly received by both critics and audiences.The saga tells the story of the enduring friendship between Orry Main of South Carolina (Patrick Swayze) and George Hazard of Pennsylvania (James Read), who become best friends while attending the United States Military Academy at West Point but later find themselves and their families on opposite sides of the war. The slave-owning Mains are rural planters from outside Charleston, South Carolina, while the Hazards, who resided in a small Pennsylvania mill town, profit from ownership of iron manufacturing and industry capital, their differences reflecting the divisions between North and South that eventually led to the Civil War.", "Q32790": "Red Sun (French: Soleil rouge, Italian: Sole rosso) is a 1971 Spaghetti Western film directed by Terence Young and starring Charles Bronson, Toshir\u014d Mifune, Alain Delon, Ursula Andress, and Capucine. It was filmed in Spain by the British director Young with a screenplay by Denne Bart Petitclerc, William Roberts, and Lawrence Roman, from a story by Laird Koenig. It was released and released in the United States on June 9, 1972.", "Q127373": "Pierre Malet (born 3 September 1955 at Saint-Tropez, Var) is a French actor. He is the twin brother of Laurent Malet.\n\n", "Q65810": "Uesslingen-Buch is a municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.\nIt was formed in 1995 from the union of the municipalities of Uesslingen and Buch bei Frauenfeld.", "Q90331": "Karl Hermann Bitter (27 February 1813 \u2013 12 September 1885) was a Prussian statesman and writer on music.", "Q44606": "Gakuto Oshiro (\u5927\u57ce \u30ac\u30af\u30c8, \u014cshiro Gakuto, born July 4, 1973), better known by his mononymous stage name Gackt, is a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter, record producer and actor.\nBorn in Okinawa, Japan, to a Ryukyuan family, Gackt learned the piano at a young age and was raised on classical music and enka before becoming interested in rock music while attending high school. He has been active since 1993, first as the frontman of the short-lived independent band Cains:Feel, and then for the now-defunct visual kei rock band Malice Mizer, before starting his solo career in 1999. He has released nine studio albums and, with forty-eight singles released, holds the male soloist record for most top ten consecutive singles in Japanese music history. His single \"Returner (Yami no Sh\u016ben)\", released on June 20, 2007, was his first and only single to reach the number one spot on the Oricon charts. As a solo artist, Gackt has sold over 10 million records.Besides being established in the modern entertainment industry, Gackt's music has been used as theme songs for video games (Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII), anime films (New Fist of the North Star and Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam) and television series. In addition to his music career, Gackt has acted in a few films, including a film he wrote, Moon Child, his international debut Bunraku, and TV series such as the NHK drama F\u016brin Kazan. He also performed live in theatre stage plays, one of which was written, composed, and directed by him: Moon Saga - Mysteries of Yoshitsune I&II. He has performed classical arrangements of his songs twice with the Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra. He also provided the voice samples for Internet Co., Ltd.'s first Vocaloid, Gackpoid.", "Q118183": "Ludwig Forrer (9 February 1845 \u2013 28 September 1921) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1902-1917).\nForrer was born in Islikon. He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 11 December 1902 and handed over office on 31 December 1917. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party. \nDuring his office time he held the following departments:\n\nDepartment of Trade, Industry and Agriculture (1903)\nDepartment of Home Affairs (1904 - 1905)\nPolitical Department (1906) as President of the Confederation\nMilitary Department (1907)\nDepartment of Justice and Police (1908)\nDepartment of Posts and Railways (1908 - 1911)\nPolitical Department (1912) as President of the Confederation\nDepartment of Posts and Railways (1913 - 1917)He was President of the Confederation twice in 1906 and 1912.", "Q212416": "Michael Byrne (born 7 November 1943) is an English actor known for his roles in the National Theatre, Hollywood films, and television shows.\n\n", "Q1776610": "Hallgrim Berg (born 28 January 1945) is a Norwegian Traditional folk musician, and politician for the Conservative Party (H\u00f8yre). He was a member of the Parliament of Norway from 1985 to 1997, representing Buskerud. Among his albums are Seljefl\u00f8yta from 1997 and Munnharpa from 1998.", "Q3571972": "Yasuda Zenjir\u014d (\u5b89\u7530 \u5584\u6b21\u90ce, November 25, 1838 \u2013 September 28, 1921) was a Japanese entrepreneur from Toyama, Etchu Province (present-day Toyama Prefecture) who founded the Yasuda zaibatsu (\u5b89\u7530\u8ca1\u95a5). He donated the Yasuda Auditorium (\u5b89\u7530\u8b1b\u5802, Yasuda K\u014dd\u014d) to the University of Tokyo. He was the great-grandfather of Yoko Ono.", "Q2663981": "Saranac Lake is a village in the state of New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 5,406. The village is named after Upper, Middle and Lower Saranac lakes, which are nearby.\nThe village of Saranac Lake covers parts of three towns (Harrietstown, St. Armand, and North Elba) and two counties (Franklin and Essex). The county line is within two blocks of the center of the village. At the 2010 census, 3,897 village residents lived in Harrietstown, 1,367 lived in North Elba, and 142 lived in St. Armand. The village boundaries do not touch the shores of any of the three Saranac Lakes; Lower Saranac Lake, the nearest, is a half mile west of the village. The northern reaches of Lake Flower, which is a wide part of the Saranac River downstream from the three Saranac Lakes, lie within the village. The town of Saranac is an entirely separate entity, 33 miles (53 km) down the Saranac River to the northeast.\nThe village lies within the boundaries of the Adirondack Park, 9 miles (14 km) west of Lake Placid. These two villages, along with nearby Tupper Lake, comprise what is known as the Tri-Lakes region.\nSaranac Lake was named the best small town in New York State and ranked 11th in the United States in The 100 Best Small Towns in America. In 1998, the National Civic League named Saranac Lake an All-America City, and in 2006 the village was named one of the \"Dozen Distinctive Destinations\" by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. 186 buildings in the village are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Q86553": "Berta Zuckerkandl-Szeps (born Bertha Szeps; 13 April 1864 \u2013 16 October 1945) was an Austrian writer, journalist, and art critic.\nBertha Szeps was the daughter of Galician Jewish liberal newspaper publisher Moritz Szeps and was raised in Vienna. She was married to the Hungarian anatomist Emil Zuckerkandl.\n\nFrom end of the 19th century until 1938, she led an important literary salon in Vienna, originally from a villa in D\u00f6bling, later in the Oppolzergasse near the Burgtheater. Many famous Viennese artists and personalities including Auguste Rodin, Gustav Klimt, Gustav Mahler, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Max Reinhardt, Arthur Schnitzler Stefan Zweig, Egon Friedell and others frequented the salon. Prot\u00e9g\u00e9s of the salon include Anton Kolig and Sebastian Isepp of the N\u00f6tsch Circle. Her sister Sophie (1862\u20131937) was married to Paul Clemenceau, the brother of the French President Georges Clemenceau, and, therefore, she also had good ties to Parisian artistic circles. She translated a number of plays from French to German and was a cofounder of the Salzburg Music Festival.\nIn 1938, she emigrated to Paris and later to Algiers. She returned in 1945 to Paris and died there the same year. She is buried at the P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery.", "Q483626": "ZE:A (Hangul: \uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4), also known as Children of Empire, is a South Korean boy group formed by Star Empire Entertainment in 2010. The group is composed of nine members: Kevin, Hwang Kwang-hee, Im Si-wan, Lee Hoo, Kim Tae-heon, Jung Hee-chul, Ha Min-woo, Kim Dong-jun and Park Hyung-sik. The group released their debut single album Nativity with lead single \"Mazeltov\" on January 7, 2010, alongside their showcase performance five days later. The group debuted on KBS' Music Bank on January 15, 2010.", "Q968568": "Peter Egge (1 April 1869 \u2013 15 July 1959) was a renowned Norwegian author, journalist and playwright. His writing career extended from 1891 until 1955.", "Q2068331": "Biker Mice from Mars is a science fiction action animated series created by Rick Ungar that began airing in 1993, in the United States and lasted for three seasons. It follows three anthropomorphic mice motorcyclists named Throttle, Modo, and Vinnie who escape a war on their home planet Mars before arriving to defend the Earth from the evil that destroyed their homeland (the Plutarkians) and to one day return to Mars. The mice's signature weapons consist of a cestus and a laser (Throttle), a bionic arm (Modo), and flares (Vinnie). Despite the frequent battles, no blood is shown, no firearms are used and many villains are monsters, aliens, and robots.", "Q6506": "Varna (Bulgarian: \u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430, pronounced [\u02c8varn\u0250]) is the third-largest city in Bulgaria and the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. Situated strategically in the Gulf of Varna, the city has been a major economic, social and cultural centre for almost three millennia. Varna, historically known as Odessos (Ancient Greek: \u1f48\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2), grew from a Thracian seaside settlement to a major seaport on the Black Sea.\nVarna is an important centre for business, transportation, education, tourism, entertainment and healthcare. The city is referred to as the maritime capital of Bulgaria and headquarters the Bulgarian Navy and merchant marine. In 2008, Varna was designated the seat of the Black Sea Euroregion by the Council of Europe. In 2014, Varna was awarded the title of European Youth Capital 2017.The oldest gold treasure in the world, belonging to the Varna culture, was discovered in the Varna Necropolis and dates to 4200\u20134600 BC.", "Q42511": "Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 \u2013 13 August 1946) was an English writer. Prolific in many genres, he wrote dozens of novels, short stories, and works of social commentary, history, satire, biography and autobiography. His work also included two books on recreational war games. Wells is now best remembered for his science fiction novels and is often called the \"father of science fiction\", along with Jules Verne and the publisher Hugo Gernsback.During his own lifetime, however, he was most prominent as a forward-looking, even prophetic social critic who devoted his literary talents to the development of a progressive vision on a global scale. A futurist, he wrote a number of utopian works and foresaw the advent of aircraft, tanks, space travel, nuclear weapons, satellite television and something resembling the World Wide Web. His science fiction imagined time travel, alien invasion, invisibility, and biological engineering. Brian Aldiss referred to Wells as the \"Shakespeare of science fiction\". Wells rendered his works convincing by instilling commonplace detail alongside a single extraordinary assumption \u2013 dubbed \u201cWells\u2019s law\u201d \u2013 leading Joseph Conrad to hail him in 1898 as \"O Realist of the Fantastic!\". His most notable science fiction works include The Time Machine (1895), The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896), The Invisible Man (1897), The War of the Worlds (1898) and the military science fiction The War in the Air (1907). Wells was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times.Wells's earliest specialised training was in biology, and his thinking on ethical matters took place in a specifically and fundamentally Darwinian context. He was also from an early date an outspoken socialist, often (but not always, as at the beginning of the First World War) sympathising with pacifist views. His later works became increasingly political and didactic, and he wrote little science fiction, while he sometimes indicated on official documents that his profession was that of journalist. Novels such as Kipps and The History of Mr Polly, which describe lower-middle-class life, led to the suggestion that he was a worthy successor to Charles Dickens, but Wells described a range of social strata and even attempted, in Tono-Bungay (1909), a diagnosis of English society as a whole. Wells was a diabetic and co-founded the charity The Diabetic Association (known today as Diabetes UK) in 1934.", "Q4781446": "Appley Dapply's Nursery Rhymes is a collection of nursery rhymes written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter, and published by Frederick Warne & Co. in October 1917. Potter had a lifelong fascination with rhymes, and proposed a book of short verses called Appley Dapply to Warne following the release of The Tale of Peter Rabbit in 1902. Warne preferred Potter's original fantasies to her derivative work, and gave Appley Dapply little encouragement. The book was set aside in favour of other projects.\nIn 1917 Frederick Warne & Co. suffered a scandal, and asked Potter for a book in an effort to stave off the firm's complete ruin. Potter was unwilling to become involved in the intense labour of preparing an entirely new book, and suggested the publisher raid the Appley Dapply dummy book prepared a decade and a half earlier. Seven rhymes with their accompanying illustrations were chosen and published as Appley Dapply's Nursery Rhymes. The book sold well.\nModern critics consider Appley Dapply an uneven compilation of illustrations spanning decades and styles across Potter's career and suggest that it fails as a unified work. The rhymes of Potter's composition are critically considered not particularly memorable, and one critic has described the book as \"the last squeezings of an almost dry sponge\".\nBeatrix Potter's career as a children's author and illustrator was launched in 1900 when she revised a tale written in 1893 about a humanized rabbit, fashioned a dummy book in imitation of Helen Bannerman's 1899 bestseller Little Black Sambo, and privately published her work in December 1901 after a series of publishers' rejections. Frederick Warne & Co. had rejected the tale but, eager to compete in the burgeoning and lucrative small format children's book market, reconsidered and accepted the \"bunny book\" (as the firm called it) following the endorsement of their prominent children's book artist L. Leslie Brooke. Potter agreed to colour her pen and ink illustrations for the trade edition, and chose the then-new Hentschel three-colour process for reproducing her watercolours. On 2 October 1902 The Tale of Peter Rabbit was released.Potter continued to publish for Warne (usually two books per annum) and in 1905 bought Hill Top, a working farm of 34 acres (14 ha) in the Lake District, with profits from the sales of her books and a small legacy from an aunt. Her small format books thereafter took inspiration from the farm, its natural surroundings, and nearby villages. Her career came to an end in 1913 when marriage to William Heelis, the demands of an aged mother, failing eyesight, and the business of operating Hill Top prevented her from investing any time and attention in book production. She continued to publish sporadically after 1913, but her work lacked the brilliance of her earlier years and depended upon the retrieval of decades-old artwork and concepts rather than artistic growth and expansion.", "Q96026": "Rudolf Georg Binding (13 August 1867 \u2013 4 August 1938) was a German writer and supporter of Adolf Hitler.\nHe was born in Basel, Switzerland and died in Starnberg. He studied medicine and law before joining the Hussars. On the outbreak of the First World War, Binding, who was forty-six years old, became commander of a squadron of dragoons. Except for a four-month period in Galicia in 1916, Binding spent the whole of the war on the Western Front.\nBinding's diary and letters, A Fatalist at War, was published in 1927. His collected war poems, stories and recollections were not published until after his death in 1938.\nBinding was never a member of the National Socialist Party and publicly dissociated himself from one of its actions; but his relationship to it was ambiguous, for he saw it at times as an aspect of national revival.\nIn 1928 he won a silver medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his \"Reitvorschrift f\u00fcr eine Geliebte\" (\"Rider's Instructions to his Lover\").\nFrom 1933 his private secretary and English interpreter was German Jew Elisabeth Jungmann. Binding had hoped to marry Jungmann but was prevented from doing so by the Nuremberg Laws. She became the second wife of Sir Max Beerbohm in 1956.\nIn October 1933 Binding signed the Gel\u00f6bnis treuester Gefolgschaft declaring loyalty and support to Adolf Hitler.", "Q121064": "Alexander Ziegler (8 March 1944 \u2013 in Z\u00fcrich; 11 August 1987 in Z\u00fcrich) was a Swiss author and actor.\nZiegler studied drama at the Max Reinhardt Seminar in Wien (1960/1961). He was an actor in Spring Awakening, a play by Frank Wedekind, in 1964. He was also an actor in the American television series Boys and Girls, created by Fred Mallow.\nIn 1966, he was imprisoned for two years because of his gay friendship with a 16-year-old named Stephan. While in prison, he wrote his first work, Labyrinth (1966). After he was released from prison, he worked as a journalist and author from 1971 to 1979 for the German gay magazine DU&ICH. He wrote many other articles and books.\nIn November 1977, his work Die Konsequenz was filmed and shown on German television. Actors in the film Die Konsequenz were J\u00fcrgen Prochnow as Martin Kurath and Ernst Hannawald as Thomas Manzoni.", "Q338599": "Accattone is a 1961 Italian drama film written and directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini. Despite being filmed from an original screenplay, Accattone is often perceived as a cinematic rendition of Pasolini's earlier novels, particularly The Ragazzi and Violent Life. It was Pasolini's first film as director, employing what would later be seen as trademark Pasolini characteristics; a cast of non-professional actors hailing from where the movie is set, and thematic emphasis on impoverished individuals.\nWhile many people were surprised by Pasolini's shift from literature to film, he had considered attending the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome before World War II. Pasolini had collaborated with Federico Fellini on Le notti di Cabiria and considered cinema to be writing with reality. The word accattone [akkat\u02c8to:ne] is an informal term meaning \"vagabond\" or \"scrounger\".Accattone is a story of pimps, prostitutes and thieves, types also represented in his novels. The life of the working (and not-working) poor is depicted, in contrast to Italy's postwar economic reforms. Pasolini\u2019s choice of topics was scandalous at the time, as was his blurring of the lines between the sacred and the profane. Although Pasolini tried to distance himself from neorealism, the film is considered to be a kind of second-generation neorealism, with one critic believing it \"may be the grimmest movie\" he'd ever seen.", "Q8074743": "Zo\u00eb Records is an independent record label that is a part of the Rounder Records group. Zo\u00eb predominantly distributes albums by folk rock and alternative pop artists. Artists who have released albums on the label include Mary Chapin Carpenter, Lisa Loeb, Grant Lee Phillips, Juliana Hatfield, Jules Shear, and The Nields. Preteen pop girl group Girl Authority also recorded for the label.", "Q533697": "Highgate Cemetery is a place of burial in north London, England. There are approximately 170,000 people buried in around 53,000 graves across the West Cemetery and the East Cemetery at Highgate Cemetery. Highgate Cemetery is notable both for some of the people buried there as well as for its de facto status as a nature reserve. The Cemetery is designated Grade I on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. \nIt is one of the Magnificent Seven cemeteries in London.", "Q44160": "Toulon (UK: , US: , French: [tul\u0254\u0303]; Proven\u00e7al: Tolon (classical norm), Touloun (Mistralian norm), pronounced [tu\u02c8lun]) is a city on French Riviera and a large port on the Mediterranean coast, with a major French naval base. Located in the Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur region, Toulon is the capital of the Var department.\nThe Commune of Toulon has a population of 165,514 people (2009), making it France's 15th-largest city. It is the centre of an urban area with 559,421 inhabitants (2008), the ninth largest in France. Toulon is the fourth-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast after Marseille, Nice and Montpellier.\nToulon is an important centre for naval construction, fishing, wine making, and the manufacture of aeronautical equipment, armaments, maps, paper, tobacco, printing, shoes, and electronic equipment.\nThe military port of Toulon is the major naval centre on France's Mediterranean coast, home of the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle and her battle group. The French Mediterranean Fleet is based in Toulon.", "Q90457": "August Bach (30 August 1897 \u2013 23 March 1966) was an East German Christian Democratic politician.\nAugust Bach was born in Rheydt. From 1915 to 1918 he served in German army. After the War he studied History at the University of Berlin. He worked as a journalist during the Weimar Republic and he was a member of the liberal German Democratic Party. From 1922 to 1944 he was the editor of the Berliner Monatshefte.\nAfter World War II, Bach was the co-founder of East German Christian Democratic Union in Th\u00fcringen and was elected in the provincial executive of the CDUD of Th\u00fcringen. In 1947 he joined the Society for German-Soviet Russian Friendship (DSF) and he served as the vice-chairman of the DSF-Th\u00fcringen (1949). Later he was a member of the Presidium of the DSF.\nFrom May 1950 Bach was the editor of the Th\u00fcringen Daily and member of the CDU Executive Commission and the CDU Political Commission. From 1955 to 1958 he served as chairman of the L\u00e4nderkammer (the upper house of Parliament). A loyal supporter of the Communist SED regime, he helped push out those CDU members not willing to do the Communists' bidding, and led its formal transformation into a loyal partner of the SED in 1952.\nAfter the death of Otto Nuschke, Bach was elected Chairman of the CDUD (as it was now known) in 1958. From 1958 to 1963 he was Vice-President of the Volkskammer and from 1963 to his death he served as member of the Presidium of the Volkskammer (People's Chamber).\n\n", "Q1066894": "Charles Arthur Feathers (June 12, 1932 \u2013 August 29, 1998) was an American country music and rockabilly musician.", "Q270293": "Est\u00edbaliz \"Esti\" Gabilondo Cu\u00e9llar (born November 16, 1976 in San Sebasti\u00e1n) is a Spanish actress and journalist. She is niece of the former Minister of Education \u00c1ngel Gabilondo, and the journalist I\u00f1aki Gabilondo.\nShe studied Audiovisual Communication at the University of Navarre and drama at the Laboratorio de Teatro William Layton. After several works as an actress, she became the first female reporter in the program Caiga quien caiga in 2008.", "Q490882": "Anders Jacob Ehnmark (2 June 1931 \u2013 29 March 2019) was a Swedish author and journalist.", "Q3161028": "Sir James Robert Dickson, (30 November 1832 \u2013 10 January 1901) was an Australian politician and businessman, the 13th Premier of Queensland and a member of the first federal ministry.\n\n", "Q78699": "Johannes Baptist Katschthaler (May 29, 1832\u2014February 27, 1914) was an Austrian Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Salzburg from 1900 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1903.", "Q84422": "Max von Gagern (b. Weilburg (in Nassau), Germany, 25 March 1810; died Vienna, 17 October 1889) was a German liberal politician.", "Q36290": "Diana Ross (born March 26, 1944) is an American singer, actress, and record producer. Born and raised in Detroit, Michigan, Ross rose to fame as the lead singer of the vocal group The Supremes, who during the 1960s became Motown's most successful act, and are the best-charting female group in US history, as well as one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. The group released a record-setting twelve number-one hit singles on the US Billboard Hot 100: \"Where Did Our Love Go\", \"Baby Love\", \"Come See About Me\", \"Stop! In the Name of Love\", \"Back in My Arms Again\", \"I Hear a Symphony\", \"You Can't Hurry Love\", \"You Keep Me Hangin' On\", \"Love is Here and Now You're Gone\", \"The Happening\", \"Love Child\", and \"Someday We'll Be Together\".\nFollowing her departure from the Supremes in 1970, Ross released her eponymous debut solo album that same year, featuring the No. 1 Pop hit \"Ain't No Mountain High Enough\". She later released the album Touch Me in the Morning in 1973; its title track was her second solo No. 1 hit. She continued a successful solo career through the 1970s, which included hit albums like Mahogany and Diana Ross and their No. 1 hit singles, \"Theme from Mahogany\" and \"Love Hangover\", respectively. Her 1980 album Diana produced another No. 1 single, \"Upside Down\", as well as the international hit \"I'm Coming Out\". Her final single with Motown during her initial run with the company achieved her sixth and final US number-one Pop hit, the duet \"Endless Love\" featuring Lionel Richie, whose solo career was launched with its success.\nRoss has also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe Award-winning and Academy Award\u2013nominated performance in the film Lady Sings the Blues (1972); she recorded its soundtrack, which became a number one hit. She also starred in two other feature films, Mahogany (1975) and The Wiz (1978), later acting in the television films Out of Darkness (1994), for which she also was nominated for a Golden Globe Award, and Double Platinum (1999).\nShe is the only female artist to have number one singles as a solo artist; as the other half of a duet (Lionel Richie); as a member of a trio; and as an ensemble member (We are the World-USA for Africa). In 1976, Ross was named the \"Female Entertainer of the Century\" by Billboard magazine. In 1993, the Guinness Book of World Records declared her the most successful female music artist in history, due to her success in the United States and United Kingdom for having more hits than any female artist in the charts, with a career total of 70 hit singles with her work with the Supremes and as a solo artist. She had a top 10 UK hit in every one of the last five decades, and sang lead on a top 75 hit single at least once every year from 1964 to 1996 in the UK, a period of 33 consecutive years and a record for any performer.\nIn 1988, Ross was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Supremes, alongside Mary Wilson and Florence Ballard. She was the recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors in 2007, the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2012, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. Ross is also one of the few recording artists to have two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame\u2014one as a solo artist and the other as a member of the Supremes. In Billboard magazine's Greatest of All Time Hot 100 Artists chart, she ranked 16th as the lead singer of the Supremes and 26th as a solo artist. Diana Ross ranks among the Top 5 artists of the rock era (1955 to date) on the Billboard Hot 100 when combining her solo and Supremes' hits.", "Q779": "Connecticut ( (listen)) is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. As of the 2010 Census, it has the highest per-capita income, Human Development Index (0.962), and median household income in the United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capital is Hartford and its most populous city is Bridgeport. It is part of New England, although portions of it are often grouped with New York and New Jersey as the tri-state area. The state is named for the Connecticut River which approximately bisects the state. The word \"Connecticut\" is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for \"long tidal river\".Connecticut's first European settlers were Dutchmen who established a small, short-lived settlement called Fort Hoop in Hartford at the confluence of the Park and Connecticut Rivers. Half of Connecticut was initially part of the Dutch colony New Netherland, which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers, although the first major settlements were established in the 1630s by the English. Thomas Hooker led a band of followers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded the Connecticut Colony; other settlers from Massachusetts founded the Saybrook Colony and the New Haven Colony. The Connecticut and New Haven colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders, considered the first constitutions in America. In 1662, the three colonies were merged under a royal charter, making Connecticut a crown colony. This was one of the Thirteen Colonies which rejected British rule in the American Revolution.\nConnecticut is the third smallest state by area, the 29th most populous, and the fourth most densely populated of the fifty states. It is known as the \"Constitution State\", the \"Nutmeg State\", the \"Provisions State\", and the \"Land of Steady Habits\". It was influential in development of the federal government of the United States (see Connecticut Compromise).\nThe Connecticut River, Thames River, and ports along Long Island Sound have given Connecticut a strong maritime tradition which continues today. The state also has a long history of hosting the financial services industry, including insurance companies in Hartford and hedge funds in Fairfield County.", "Q557305": "Philip Hampson Knight (born February 24, 1938), is an American business magnate and philanthropist. A native of Oregon, he is the co-founder and current chairman emeritus of Nike, Inc., and previously served as chairman and CEO of the company. As of October 2019, Knight was ranked by Forbes as the 21st richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$37.6 billion. He is also the owner of the stop motion film production company Laika.\nKnight is a graduate of the University of Oregon and Stanford Graduate School of Business. He ran track under coach Bill Bowerman at the University of Oregon, with whom he would co-found Nike.\nA noted philanthropist, Knight has donated hundreds of millions of dollars to each of his alma maters, as well as Oregon Health & Science University. In total, he has donated over $2 billion to the three institutions.\n\n", "Q282005": "Thomas Luke Macfarlane (born January 19, 1980) is a Canadian actor and singer. He is known for playing Scotty Wandell on the ABC television drama Brothers & Sisters (2006\u20132011) and RAC Agent D'avin Jaqobis on the Space television science fiction series Killjoys (2015\u20132019).", "Q3428813": "Larz Anderson (August 15, 1866 \u2013 April 13, 1937) was an American diplomat and bon vivant. He served as second secretary at the U.S. Legation to the Court of St. James's, London; as first secretary and later charg\u00e9 d'affaires at the U.S. Embassy in Rome; as U.S. Minister to Belgium; and then briefly as the Ambassador to Japan. He also unsuccessfully sought appointment as Ambassador to Italy.", "Q67961": "Ernst Benjamin Salomo Raupach (May 21, 1784 \u2013 March 18, 1852) was a German dramatist.", "Q6145740": "Theodore Lawrence Brown (born October 15, 1928) is an American scientist known for research, teaching, and writing in the field of physical inorganic chemistry, a university administrator, and a philosopher of science. In addition to his research publications, Brown has written textbooks on general chemistry and science communication which have been published in multiple languages and used in multiple countries. He is a professor emeritus at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he has also held the administrative positions of Vice Chancellor for Research and Dean of the Graduate College (1980-1986). He is the Founding Director Emeritus of the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.", "Q1141581": "Patrick Kevin Skinner (born February 25, 1974) is an American country music singer from the Jackson Purchase region of Kentucky. He is the winner of the fourth season of America's Got Talent.", "Q71130": "Judah Friedlander (born March 16, 1969) is an American actor and comedian, known for playing the role of writer Frank Rossitano on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock. Friedlander is also known for his role as Toby Radloff in the film American Splendor, a role that garnered him favorable reviews and a nomination for best supporting actor at the 2004 Independent Spirit Awards. Earlier in his career, he was recognized as \"the hug guy\" from the music video for the 2001 Dave Matthews Band single \"Everyday\".Friedlander is known for his distinctive look, which includes oversized glasses, shaggy hair, a T-shirt and trucker hat (both often emblazoned with slogans such as \"world champion\"), and a generally unkempt appearance. It is a look he maintains as a stand-up comedian, during most of his public appearances, and which he has employed in some of his acting roles.", "Q276609": "Mabel Louise Smith (May 1, 1924 \u2013 January 23, 1972), known professionally as Big Maybelle, was an American R&B singer. Her 1956 hit single \"Candy\" received the Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 1999.", "Q295592": "Alexander Richard Pettyfer (born 10 April 1990) is a British actor and model. He appeared in school plays and on television before being cast as Alex Rider, the main character in the 2006 film version of Stormbreaker. Pettyfer was nominated for a Young Artist Award and an Empire Award for his role.He has been seen as a model in several advertising campaigns for Burberry and has starred in a number of other films, including I Am Number Four, Beastly, and Magic Mike. He starred as Brody in the Netflix science fiction miniseries The I-Land.", "Q57849": "Michel Roger (born 9 March 1949) was the Minister of State of Monaco.He had been a member of the High Court of Monaco since 2007. He assumed office on 29 March 2010, following his appointment by Prince Albert II. Prior to his taking up of the role he was also an inspector general of the French National Education.", "Q4498622": "Khovanskoye Cemetery (Russian: \u0425\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435), also known as Nikolo-Khovanskoye Cemetery (\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e-\u0425\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435), is a large and expanding cemetery servicing Moscow, Russia. It is located in the Leninsky District, Moscow Oblast, beyond the Moscow Ring Road, at the 21st kilometre mark of the Kiev Highway by the Mosrentgen and Nikolo-Khovanskoye settlements.Khovanskoye Cemetery is the largest cemetery in Europe, covering more than 1,970,000 m2 (21,200,000 sq ft) It is divided into three smaller parts: Khovanskoye Central Cemetery, which was established in 1972 and covers 877,200 m2 (9,442,000 sq ft), Khovanskoye Northern Cemetery, founded in 1978 and covering 600,000 m2 (6,500,000 sq ft), and Khovanskoye Western Cemetery, which was established in 1992 and covers 501,200 m2 (5,395,000 sq ft). A Russian Orthodox chapel, which has been visited by Patriarch Alexius II, is located on the cemetery's grounds. A crematorium was built in 1988 for those wishing to use this service.\nOn 14 May 2016 three Tajik migrant workers died in the cemetery during a fight between hundreds of young mostly North Caucasus toughs and a group of mostly Tajik migrants who maintained the graves. According to Russian prosecutors this fight was the result of the efforts of former Moscow police officer Nikita Moshenko and Yury Chabuyev of the Moscow city-owned burial service Ritual to take control of the maintaining graves business (on the cemetery) worth 20 million rubles ($341,000) a month.", "Q3639959": "William Camp (born October 13, 1961) is an American character actor. He became known for playing supporting roles in many films such as Lincoln (2012), 12 Years a Slave (2013), Love and Mercy (2015), Loving (2016), Molly's Game (2017), Vice (2018), Wildlife (2018), and Joker (2019).\nCamp has appeared in many television series and received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his role in the miniseries The Night Of (2016). He was nominated for a Tony Award for his role in the 2016 Broadway revival of the play The Crucible.", "Q154410": "Marie Under (27 March [O.S. 15 March] 1883 \u2013 25 September 1980) was one of the greatest Estonian poets. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature no fewer than eight times.", "Q77541": "Max Grundig (German pronunciation: [\u02c8maks.\u02c8g\u0281\u028an.d\u026a\u00e7]; 7 May 1908 in Nuremberg \u2013 8 December 1989 in Baden-Baden) was the founder of electronics company Grundig AG. He was raised by his parents in Nuremberg where he delayed his final school exams (Abitur) and completed training as an electrician. In 1930 he and a colleague opened a store selling radios under the name F\u00fcrth, Grundig & Wurzer (RVF), generating one million Reichsmark in sales by 1938. After World War II business expanded with a successful range of consumer electronics. In 1972 the company became a corporation and was sold to Philips in 1984.\nHis company was one of the first to produce FM radios, cutting out static interference for clearer reception. In 1952, it was one of the first European companies to start producing television sets.\nGrundig built his company up after World War II to become a market leader in home entertainment products and a symbol of West Germany's Wirtschaftswunder. It was only in the late 1970s that it began to lose some of its market share as it came under increasing pressure from lower-priced Japanese products, and in 1980 the company recorded its first losses.\nGrundig's answer to the Asian competition was to form EURO, a common front of European manufacturers. It did not stave off the challenge, however, and the company was forced to close eleven plants and cut its workforce from thirty-five thousand to twenty-nine thousand workers. In 1984, the Dutch Philips group bought out nearly a one-third share and took over the management.\nColleagues described Max Grundig, the son of a warehouse manager, as a workaholic who made decisions alone and took interest in the minutest details of his business.\n\"Order is holy to him; it means as much as half,\" was an official company description of him.\nGrundig's father died when he was twelve and his mother had to support her five children on a factory wage.\nYoung Max started his working life as a plumber's apprentice but by the age of twenty-two had set up his own radio shop with a friend in Nuremberg.\nAfter World War II, he was permitted by the Allies to relocate his business to the Franconian city of F\u00fcrth, right near Nuremberg, where he set up his own factory to produce radio parts.\nAt the age of 21 he married Berta Haag, daughter Inge was born 1930. After this birth the marriage was divorced. In 1938 he married soprano Anneliese J\u00fcrgensen. In 1981 he married his third wife Chantal Grundig. They had daughter Maria-Alexandra.\nHe received the Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor from the German Eduard Rhein Foundation in 1982.", "Q530375": "Joseph-Pierre Borel d'Hauterive, known as Petrus Borel (26 June 1809 \u2013 14 July 1859), was a French writer of the Romantic movement.Born at Lyon, the twelfth of fourteen children of an ironmonger, he studied architecture in Paris but abandoned it for literature. Nicknamed le Lycanthrope (\"wolfman\"), and the center of the circle of Bohemians in Paris, he was noted for extravagant and eccentric writing, foreshadowing Surrealism. He was not commercially successful though, and eventually was found a minor civil service post by his friends, including Th\u00e9ophile Gautier. He's also considered as a po\u00e8te maudit, like Aloysius Bertrand, or Alice de Chambrier.\nBorel died at Mostaganem in Algeria.He was the subject of a biography by Enid Starkie, Petrus Borel: The Lycanthrope (1954).", "Q792": "El Salvador ( (listen); Spanish: [el sal\u03b2a\u02c8\u00f0o\u027e] (listen)), officially the Republic of El Salvador (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de El Salvador, literally \"Republic of The Savior\"), is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south by the Pacific Ocean. El Salvador's capital and largest city is San Salvador. As of 2018, the country had a population of approximately 6.42 million, mostly consisting of European and Native American descent.El Salvador was, for millenia, controlled by several Mesoamerican nations, especially Lenca, early Mayans, then later the Cuzcatlecs up until the Spanish conquest. Archaeological monuments also suggest an early Olmec presence around the first millennium BCE. In the early 16th century, the Spanish Empire conquered the territory, incorporating it into the Viceroyalty of New Spain ruled from Mexico City. However the Viceroyalty of Mexico had little to no influence in the daily affairs of the Central American isthmus, which would be colonized in 1524. In 1609 the area became the Captaincy General of Guatemala, of which El Salvador was part until its independence from Spain, which took place in 1821, as part of the First Mexican Empire, then later seceded, as part of the Federal Republic of Central America, in 1823. When the Republic dissolved in 1841, El Salvador became a sovereign nation, then formed a short-lived union with Honduras and Nicaragua called the Greater Republic of Central America, which lasted from 1895 to 1898.From the late 19th to the mid-20th century, El Salvador endured chronic political and economic instability characterized by coups, revolts, and a succession of authoritarian rulers. Persistent socioeconomic inequality and civil unrest culminated in the devastating Salvadoran Civil War (1979\u20131992), which was fought between the military-led government and a coalition of left-wing guerrilla groups. The conflict ended with the Chapultepec Peace Accords. This negotiated settlement established a multiparty constitutional republic, which remains in place to this day.\nEl Salvador's economy has historically been dominated by agriculture, beginning with the indigo plant (a\u00f1il in Spanish), the most important crop during the colonial period, and followed thereafter by coffee, which by the early 20th century accounted for 90% of export earnings. El Salvador has since reduced its dependence on coffee and embarked on diversifying its economy by opening up trade and financial links and expanding the manufacturing sector. The col\u00f3n, the currency of El Salvador since 1892, was replaced by the United States dollar in 2001.\nEl Salvador ranks 16th among Latin American countries in terms of the Human Development Index and fourth in Central America (behind Panama, Costa Rica, and Guatemala) due in part to ongoing rapid industrialization. However, the country continues to struggle with high rates of poverty, inequality, and gang-related violent crime.", "Q123698": "Denys Louis de Rougemont (September 8, 1906 \u2013 December 6, 1985), known as Denis de Rougemont (French: [d\u0259ni d\u0259 \u0281u\u0292m\u0254\u0303]), was a Swiss writer and cultural theorist who wrote in French. One of the non-conformists of the 1930s, he addressed the perils of totalitarianism from a Christian point of view. After the Second World War, he promoted European federalism.", "Q434661": "Mary Claire \"Mimi\" Kennedy (born September 25, 1948) is an American actress, author, and activist, best known for her performances in television comedies. She co-starred in a number of short-lived sitcoms before her role as Ruth Sloan on Homefront (1991\u201393). Kennedy is known for her role as Abby O'Neil in the sitcom Dharma & Greg (1997\u20132002).\nIn film, Kennedy appeared in Pump Up the Volume (1990), Erin Brockovich (2000), In the Loop (2009), Due Date (2010), Midnight in Paris (2011), and The Five-Year Engagement (2012).\nShe is currently a series regular on the sitcom Mom, for which she received a Critics' Choice Television Award nomination.", "Q189665": "Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov (, also US: ; Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432, tr. Iv\u00e1n Aleks\u00e1ndrovich Gonchar\u00f3v, IPA: [\u026a\u02c8van \u0250l\u02b2\u026ak\u02c8sandr\u0259v\u02b2\u026ad\u0291 \u0261\u0259n\u02b2t\u0255\u026a\u02c8rof]; 18 June [O.S. 6 June] 1812 \u2013 27 September [O.S. 15 September] 1891) was a Russian novelist best known for his novels A Common Story (1847), Oblomov (1859), and The Precipice (1869). He also served in many official capacities, including the position of censor.\nGoncharov was born in Simbirsk into the family of a wealthy merchant; as a reward for his grandfather's military service, they were elevated to gentry status. He was educated at a boarding school, then the Moscow College of Commerce, and finally at Moscow State University. After graduating, he served for a short time in the office of the Governor of Simbirsk, before moving to Saint Petersburg where he worked as government translator and private tutor, while publishing poetry and fiction in private almanacs. Goncharov's first novel, A Common Story, was published in Sovremennik in 1847.\nGoncharov's second and best-known novel, Oblomov, was published in 1859 in Otechestvennye zapiski. His third and final novel, The Precipice, was published in Vestnik Evropy in 1869. He also worked as a literary and theatre critic. Towards the end of his life Goncharov wrote a memoir called An Uncommon Story, in which he accused his literary rivals, first and foremost Ivan Turgenev, of having plagiarized his works and prevented him from achieving European fame. The memoir was published in 1924. Fyodor Dostoevsky, among others, considered Goncharov an author of high stature. Anton Chekhov is quoted as stating that Goncharov was \"...ten heads above me in talent.\"", "Q67752": "Lodrino is a former municipality in the district of Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Cresciano, Iragna and Osogna merged into the new municipality of Riviera.", "Q837093": "Kadiivka (Ukrainian: Kadiivka; Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0432\u043a\u0430, in Lugansk People's Republic sources known as Stakhanov, Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432) is a city in the Luhansk Oblast (region) of eastern Ukraine. The city is incorporated as a city of oblast significance. Its population is approximately 75,745\u2009(2017 est.).", "Q76887": "Wilhelm Frick (12 March 1877 \u2013 16 October 1946) was a prominent German politician of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), who served as Reich Minister of the Interior in Adolf Hitler's cabinet from 1933 to 1943 and as the last governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.\nAs the head of the Kriminalpolizei (criminal police) in Munich, Frick took part in Hitler's failed Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, for which he was convicted of high treason. He managed to avoid imprisonment and soon afterwards became a leading figure of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in the Reichstag. After Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, Frick joined the new government and was named Reich Minister of the Interior. He was instrumental in formulating laws that consolidated the Nazi regime (Gleichschaltung), as well as laws that defined the Nazi racial policy, most notoriously the Nuremberg Laws. Following the rise of the SS, Frick gradually lost favour within the party, and in 1943 he was replaced by Heinrich Himmler as interior minister. Frick remained in the cabinet as a minister without portfolio until Hitler's death in 1945.\nAfter World War II, Frick was tried and convicted of war crimes at the Nuremberg trials and executed by hanging.", "Q200947": "Ibn Fadlan (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u200e A\u1e25mad ibn Fa\u1e0dl\u0101n ibn al-\u02bfAbb\u0101s ibn R\u0101\u0161id ibn \u1e24amm\u0101d, fl. 921\u201322) was a 10th-century Arab Muslim traveler, famous for his account of his travels as a member of an embassy of the Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad to the king of the Volga Bulgars, known as his Risala (\"account\" or \"journal\").\nHis account is most notable for providing a detailed description of the Volga Vikings, including an eyewitness account of a ship burial.", "Q263562": "William J. Mann (born 7 August 1963) is an American novelist, biographer, and Hollywood historian best known for his studies of Hollywood and the American film industry, especially his 2006 biography of Katharine Hepburn, Kate: The Woman Who Was Hepburn. Kate was named one of the 100 Notable Books of 2006 by The New York Times.", "Q880981": "The German Rectors' Conference/Hochschulrektorenkonferenz (HRK) is the voluntary association of state and state-recognised universities and other higher education institutions in Germany. It currently has 257 member institutions at which more than 96 per cent of all students in Germany are registered.", "Q151568": "Ann Forrest (known also by her birth name Anna Kromann and as Ann Kroman or Ann Kornan) was a Danish actress of Hollywood's silent films.", "Q73727": "G\u00fcnter Strack (4 June 1929, in Darmstadt \u2013 18 January 1999, in M\u00fcnchsteinach) was a German television actor.\nIn English language films, he played Professor Karl Manfred in the Hitchcock thriller Torn Curtain (1966) and appeared as Kunik in The Odessa File (1974). In Germany, he was known for his character in Ein Fall f\u00fcr zwei.\nHe died from heart failure. His wife Lore died in 2014 at the age of 77.", "Q52931": "Adolf Frederick or Adolph Frederick (Swedish: Adolf Fredrik, German: Adolf Friedrich; 14 May 1710 \u2013 12 February 1771) was King of Sweden from 1751 until his death. He was the son of Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin, and Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach.The first king from the House of Holstein-Gottorp, Adolf Frederick was a weak monarch, instated as first in line of the throne following the parliamentary government's failure to reconquer the Baltic provinces in 1741\u201343. Aside from a few attempts, supported by pro-absolutist factions among the nobility, to reclaim the absolute monarchy held by previous monarchs, he remained a mere constitutional figurehead until his death.\nHis reign saw an extended period of internal peace, although the finances stagnated following failed mercantilist doctrines pursued by the Hat administration. The Hat administration ended only in the 1765\u201366 parliament, where the Cap opposition overtook the government and enacted reforms towards greater economic liberalism as well as a Freedom of Press Act almost unique at the time for its curtailing of all censorship, retaining punitive measures only for libelling the monarch or the Church of Sweden.", "Q316857": "Gerald Isaac \"Jerry\" Stiller (born June 8, 1927) is an American comedian and actor. He spent many years in the comedy team Stiller and Meara with his wife, Anne Meara. He later played Frank Costanza on the NBC sitcom Seinfeld and Arthur Spooner on the CBS comedy series The King of Queens. Stiller and Meara are the parents of actor Ben Stiller, with whom Stiller co-starred in the films Zoolander, Heavyweights, Hot Pursuit, The Heartbreak Kid and Zoolander 2. Stiller frequently plays frantic and angry yet contemplative characters.", "Q940569": "Jos\u00e9 Pesarrodona Altimi (born 1 February 1946 in Sant Salvador de Guardiola) is a former Spanish professional road bicycle racer who raced during the 1970s. Pesarrodona won the 1976 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a ahead of Luis Oca\u00f1a and Jose Nazabal of Spain. Two years later at the 1978 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a, he finished second to Bernard Hinault of France.", "Q1123489": "Farrington Daniels (March 8, 1889 \u2013 June 23, 1972), was an American physical chemist, is considered one of the pioneers of the modern direct use of solar energy.", "Q281281": "Eyes of an Angel is a 1991 American drama film starring John Travolta and directed by Robert Harmon. It was released in France, Sweden, and on television in the United States as The Tender. It was released straight-to-video in 1994 under its proper title to coincide with Travolta's bigger name release, Pulp Fiction. According to the opening credits, the movie is based on a true story. The film was shot predominantly in Chicago with some pickups and reshoots in Los Angeles.\nTravolta plays Bobby Allen, a down-on-his-luck single father and recovering alcoholic whose wife died of a drug overdose. With no job and no money, his former brother-in-law Cissy gets him a job as a money courier while Bobby's 10-year-old daughter finds a wounded fighting dog. She takes care of the dog over her father's objections, until Bobby is betrayed by Cissy, who blames him for his sister's death. Desperate, Bobby steals Cissy's money and flees with the girl to California, leaving the dog behind. The dog follows them across the country to be reunited with the girl, while Cissy pursues Bobby to retrieve his money and to take the girl.", "Q439423": "Tristan Paul Mack Wilds is an American actor, singer-songwriter, and record producer, credited as Tristan Wilds as an actor and Mack Wilds as a recording artist. He is known for his roles as Michael Lee on the HBO original drama series, The Wire, and as Dixon Wilson on the CW teen drama series, 90210. He was also featured in the Adele music video for \"Hello\". His debut album, New York: A Love Story was released on September 30, 2013 and was nominated for the Best Urban Contemporary Album at the Grammy Awards in 2014. Wilds' second album, AfterHours was released on April 7, 2017.", "Q65623": "Sch\u00fcbelbach is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.", "Q638791": "Simon Boswell (born 15 October 1956) is a BAFTA-nominated British film score composer, conductor, producer and musician, with more than 90 credits to his name. He is known for combining mainly electronic elements with orchestral.", "Q233433": "Rachelle Marie Lefevre (; born February 1, 1979) is a Canadian actress. She has starred in the television series Big Wolf on Campus and had recurring roles in What About Brian, Boston Legal, and Swingtown. She played the vampire Victoria Sutherland in the first two films of the Twilight saga. In 2011, she starred in the ABC medical drama Off the Map, followed by the CBS series A Gifted Man (2011\u20132012) and Under the Dome (2013\u20132015).", "Q287828": "Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt (born 28 March 1960) is a Franco\u2013Belgian playwright, short story writer and novelist, as well as a film director. His plays have been staged in over fifty countries all over the world.", "Q436710": "Ana H\u00fcbler (2 January 1885 \u2013 5 July 1976) was a German pair skater, born in Munich. She was an Olympic champion and two-time World champion with skating partner Heinrich Burger.\nH\u00fcbler and Burger were the first World champions and the first Olympic champions in pairs figure skating. They never became European champions, because the European championships did not include a pairs competition until 1930.\nThey skated for the club M\u00fcnchener EV (Munich EV).\nH\u00fcbler was the first female German Olympic champion. (The first woman winning an Olympic medal for Germany was the single skater Elsa Rendschmidt. She won silver in 1908.)\nAfter retiring from figure skating, H\u00fcbler became a singer and actress. She later owned a department store.\n(pairs with Heinrich Burger)\n\n", "Q275466": "An embolism is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a blood vessel. The embolus may be a blood clot (thrombus), a fat globule (fat embolism), a bubble of air or other gas (gas embolism), or foreign material. An embolism can cause partial or total blockage of blood flow in the affected vessel. Such a blockage (a vascular occlusion) may affect a part of the body distant from the origin of the embolus. An embolism in which the embolus is a piece of thrombus is called a thromboembolism.\nAn embolism is usually a pathological event, i.e., accompanying illness or injury. Sometimes it is created intentionally for a therapeutic reason, such as to stop bleeding or to kill a cancerous tumor by stopping its blood supply. Such therapy is called embolization.", "Q298908": "Patrick Joseph McGoohan (19 March 1928 \u2013 13 January 2009) was an Irish-American actor, screenwriter and director. He began his career in the United Kingdom in the 1950s, relocating to the United States in the 1970s. His career-defining roles were in the British television series Danger Man (US: Secret Agent) and the surreal psychological drama The Prisoner, which he co-created. During his career, he received two Primetime Emmy Awards and a BAFTA.", "Q272309": "Rika Izumi (\u6cc9 \u68a8\u83ef, Izumi Rika, born October 11, 1988 in Kyoto) is a Japanese model, actress and singer. She formerly used the stage name Chisaki Hama (\u6d5c\u5343\u54b2, Hama Chisaki) when she was with Snow Rabbits Productions. After Izumi returned to the modeling world in 2008, she used both \u6cc9\u91cc\u679c and \u6cc9\u91cc\u9999 as stage names; both are pronounced \"Izumi Rika\".", "Q4926545": "Blind Faith is a 1990 NBC miniseries based on the 1989 true crime book of the same name by Joe McGinniss. It follows the 1984 case in which American businessman Robert O. Marshall was charged with (and later convicted of) the contract killing of his wife, Maria. Adapted by John Gay and directed by Paul Wendkos, the miniseries was originally broadcast in two parts with a total runtime of 190 minutes.\nThe cast includes Robert Urich, Joanna Kerns, Doris Roberts, Johnny Galecki, William Forsythe and Dennis Farina.", "Q328007": "Aleksei Dikiy (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0414\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439) (February 24, 1889 - October 1, 1955) was a Soviet actor and director who worked at Moscow Art Theatre and later worked with Habima Jewish theatre in Tel-Aviv. He was arrested and imprisoned in Gulag under the dictatorship of Joseph Stalin but later played the role of Joseph Stalin in several films.", "Q140303": "Dhani Ram Chatrik (4 October 1876 \u2013 18 December 1954) was an Indian poet and typographer.He is considered one of the pioneers of modern Punjabi poetry. He promoted Punjabi culture, language and publications through his life. In 1926, he became the President of Punjabi Sahit Sabha, a Punjabi Literary Society.\n\n", "Q478319": "Thomas Harris (born 20 February 1964) is a journalist and former Scottish Labour Party politician. He was a candidate in the 2011 Scottish Labour Party leadership election, but effectively admitted defeat on 10 December a week before the result was declared. Harris is a member of the advisory board of the Reform Scotland think tank and maintains a Blairite perspective on UK politics.Harris was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow Cathcart from 2001 to 2005, and for Glasgow South constituency from 2005 to 2015. He first entered government when he was made a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Transport in September 2006 by PM Tony Blair. When Gordon Brown took over as Prime Minister in June 2007, Harris kept his junior ministerial role but, in the October 2008 reshuffle, he was sacked and returned to the backbenches.On 9 June 2009, he was the first Scottish Labour MP to call for Gordon Brown to stand down as prime minister. In 2012, he returned to Ed Miliband's frontbench as shadow environment minister but left in June 2013 to spend more time with his family, being succeeded by Barry Gardiner.\n\n", "Q43182": "Eratosthenes of Cyrene (; Greek: \u1f18\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2, romanized: Eratosth\u00e9n\u0113s ho Kur\u0113na\u0129os, IPA: [eratost\u02b0\u00e9n\u025b\u02d0s]; c. 276 BC \u2013 c.\u2009195/194 BC) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria. His work is comparable to what is now known as the study of geography, and he introduced some of the terminology still used today.He is best known for being the first person to calculate the circumference of the Earth, which he did by using the extensive survey results he could access in his role at the Library; his calculation was remarkably accurate. He was also the first to calculate the tilt of the Earth's axis, once again with remarkable accuracy. Additionally, he may have accurately calculated the distance from the Earth to the Sun and invented the leap day. He created the first global projection of the world, incorporating parallels and meridians based on the available geographic knowledge of his era.\nEratosthenes was the founder of scientific chronology; he endeavoured to revise the dates of the chief literary and political events from the conquest of Troy. Eratosthenes dated The Sack of Troy to 1183 BC. In number theory, he introduced the sieve of Eratosthenes, an efficient method of identifying prime numbers.\nHe was a figure of influence in many fields. According to an entry in the Suda (a 10th-century encyclopedia), his critics scorned him, calling him Beta (the second letter of the Greek alphabet) because he always came in second in all his endeavors. Nonetheless, his devotees nicknamed him Pentathlos after the Olympians who were well rounded competitors, for he had proven himself to be knowledgeable in every area of learning. Eratosthenes yearned to understand the complexities of the entire world.", "Q441598": "Altiplano is a 2009 film by Peter Brosens and Jessica Woodworth starring Magaly Solier, Jasmin Tabatabai, and Olivier Gourmet. It takes places on three continents in five different languages. It tells the stories of two women in mourning and how their destinies merge.", "Q179582": "Aysel Tu\u011fluk (pronounced [ajsel \u02c8tu\u02d0\u026buk]; born 17 July 1965 in El\u00e2z\u0131\u011f, Turkey) is a Kurdish politician and founding member of the Democratic Society Party (DTP) in Turkey. She graduated in law from Istanbul University and then worked as a lawyer. She was previously a member of the Social Law \nResearches Foundation Board Council.", "Q89853": "Annie Franc\u00e9-Harrar (born 2 December 1886 Munich, Germany; died 23 January 1971 Hallein, Austria) was an Austrian writer and scientist.\nFranc\u00e9-Harrar created the scientific basis for the humus-compost-economy together with her second husband Raoul Heinrich Franc\u00e9. During her life she wrote 47 books, some 5000 articles in the German press, and held over 500 lectures and courses, including radio broadcasts.\nAt a young age she combined her artistic and literary talent with technical research. The first printed work appeared in 1911 and described in verses the lives of women over the centuries. In the same year she first married, but after only six years this marriage ended in divorce. In 1916 she met Raoul H. Franc\u00e9, director of the Biological Institute in Munich, and became his assistant. 1920 the first utopian novel The fire souls described the problem of the destruction of soil fertility. After the divorce from her first husband, she married Franc\u00e9 in Dinkelsb\u00fchl 1923. In 1924 the couple settled down in Salzburg. There she wrote \u2013 based on impressions and research \u2013 a book about the famous doctor Paracelsus, who had died in this city 1541. The period to 1930 was the first group of overseas travels, the occasion for a series of monographs. With regard to the health of her husband, increasingly frequent stays in Ragusa (today's Dubrovnik) on the southern Adriatic coast followed. From there the couple fled in the turmoil of the Second World War to Budapest in 1943, where Raoul Heinrich Franc\u00e9 died in the same year \u2013 a leukemia had been recognized too late. After the end of the Second World War Annie Franc\u00e9-Harrar began with the construction of a breeding station for the transformation of urban waste in Budapest in the summer of 1945 and developed the first Impfziegel (bioreactor) for composting.\nIn 1947 she returned to Austria. At the Bavarian Agriculture Publishers her work appeared in 1950 with the title The Last Chance \u2013 for a future without need, which was well received and popular. Even Albert Einstein admired this work and said it would have a permanent place in world literature. As a result of the book The Last Chance she was appointed on behalf of the government in Mexico and supported the country for nine years to set up a large humus organization in the fight against erosion and soil degradation. As a result of almost 40 years of work, in 1958 the book Humus \u2013 soil life and fertility was published. After several intermediate stops in Europe she returned in 1961 to their home. She was still actively working in the World Union for Protection of Life and other organizations. She spent her last years in the pension Schloss Kahlsberg, where she died in January 1971 after a short illness at 85 years of age. On January 26 she was buried at the side of her husband in Oberalm-Hallein.", "Q215392": "Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA (OSE: NAS), trading as Norwegian, is a Norwegian low-cost airline and Norway's largest airline. It is the third largest low-cost carrier in Europe behind easyJet and Ryanair and the ninth-largest low-cost airline in the world, the largest airline in Scandinavia, and the eighth-largest airline in Europe in terms of passenger numbers. It offers a high-frequency domestic flight schedule within Scandinavia and Finland, and to business destinations such as London, as well as to holiday destinations in the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands, transporting over 30 million people in 2016. The airline is known for its distinctive livery of white with a red nose, with portraits of high achievers on the tail fins of its aircraft.\nNorwegian's flights are operated by itself as well as fully owned subsidiaries, including Irish-based Norwegian Air International, UK-based Norwegian Air UK, Swedish-based Norwegian Air Sweden, and Norway-based Norwegian Long Haul. Each airline holds a unique air operator's certificate (AOC) but shares branding and commercial functions with the rest of the Group. Until December 2019, Norwegian also owned and operated Argentina-based Norwegian Air Argentina, which operated domestic flights within the country.", "Q289805": "Sergei Vasilievich Lebedev (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432; 13 July 1874 \u2013 2 May 1934) was a Russian/Soviet chemist and the inventor of polybutadiene synthetic rubber, the first commercially viable and mass-produced type of synthetic rubber.", "Q146772": "Zane Alexander James Huett (born May 9, 1997) is an American actor.\nZane is most famous for his featured role on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives playing the role of Parker Scavo, the younger son of Lynette and Tom Scavo. He plays the youngest Scavo boy, yet is older by six months than the actors Brent Kinsman and Shane Kinsman who play the older Scavo boys. Desperate Housewives is Huett's first role for television.\nOther film credits include Mysterious Skin and P.O.V.: The Camera's Eye.\nHe has a younger sister (Zoe Alexa Julianne Huett) who also acts on occasion.\nZane currently serves as a StarPower Ambassador for Starlight Children's Foundation, encouraging other young people to commit their time, energy and resources to help other kids and working with Starlight to brighten the lives of seriously ill children.", "Q336239": "Charles Gerald John Cadogan, 8th Earl Cadogan, (born 24 March 1937), styled as Viscount Chelsea until 1997, is a British billionaire peer and landowner. He is a first cousin of the Aga Khan IV, spiritual head of the Ismaili sect of Shia Muslims.\n\n", "Q88595": "Walter M\u00fcller (1911\u20131969) was an Austrian film actor.", "Q55938": "Zyta Janina Gilowska [\u02c8z\u0268ta g\u02b2i\u02c8l\u0254fska] (listen) (7 July 1949 \u2013 5 April 2016) was a Polish economist, academic, and politician.\n\n", "Q373765": "Adrian Keith Noble (born 19 July 1950) is a theatre director, and was also the artistic director and chief executive of the Royal Shakespeare Company from 1990 to 2003.", "Q152707": "Rina Hidaka (\u65e5\u9ad8 \u91cc\u83dc, Hidaka Rina, born June 15, 1994) is a Japanese actress and voice actress from Chiba Prefecture. She is affiliated with Office Osawa, having been previously with AT Production.\n\n", "Q885147": "David Marston Clough (December 27, 1846 \u2013 August 28, 1924) was an American politician. He served in the Minnesota State Senate from January 1887 to January 1893. He served as the state's Lieutenant Governor, January 9, 1893 to January 31, 1895. He was the 13th Governor of Minnesota from January 31, 1895 to January 2, 1899. He was a Republican.\nBorn in 1846 in Lyme, New Hampshire, the fourth of fourteen children of New England farmers who resettled near the Rum River, David Clough helped his family eke out a scanty living from the land by raising crops and cutting timber. His boyhood experiences would serve him well as both an entrepreneur and public servant in a state where agriculture and lumber dominated the economy.\nClough's first business venture, a logging operation he founded at 20, lifted him from poverty and launched him on a path toward wealth and political prominence. He moved to Minneapolis in 1872 and was elected to the city council eleven years later and then to the Minnesota Senate. From the Senate, he advanced to the office of lieutenant governor under Republican Knute Nelson, whose election to the U.S. Senate moved Clough into the governor's office.\nClough's first administration was notable for the ratification of significant amendments to the state constitution, including those establishing the Minnesota Board of Pardons, withdrawing the right of aliens to vote, and authorizing municipalities to frame \"home rule\" charters. During his second term, narrowly won in 1896, the legislature raised taxes on several private industries and enacted child-labor laws.\nIn 1900 the redoubtable railroad magnate James J. Hill urged Clough to establish a lumber operation near Puget Sound. Until his death at age 77, the logger-turned-lumber baron lived in Everett, Washington, where he championed the interests of the mill owners against their employees' unionization efforts.\nClough is the namesake of Culdrum Township, Morrison County, Minnesota.", "Q283496": "Edna Ferber (August 15, 1885 \u2013 April 16, 1968) was an American novelist, short story writer and playwright. Her novels include the Pulitzer Prize-winning So Big (1924), Show Boat (1926; made into the celebrated 1927 musical), Cimarron (1930; adapted into the 1931 film which won the Academy Award for Best Picture), Giant (1952; made into the 1956 film of the same name) and Ice Palace (1958), which also received a film adaptation in 1960.", "Q4303895": "Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041e. \u0415. \u041a\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430) is a coeducational and public research university located in Moscow, Russia. It was founded on 1931. MSAL was renamed after Kutafin in 2012 and was then known as Kutafin University. Its current rector is Viktor Blazheev.", "Q180899": "Alexander Dubin (June 10, 1891 \u2013 February 11, 1945) was an American lyricist. He is best known for his collaborations with the composer Harry Warren.", "Q3676928": "Cimitero delle Porte Sante (The Sacred Doors Cemetery) is a monumental cemetery in Florence located within the fortified bastion of the Basilica of San Miniato al Monte.", "Q488940": "Palmdale is a city in northern Los Angeles County in the U.S. state of California. The city lies in the Antelope Valley region of Southern California. The San Gabriel Mountains separate Palmdale from the city of Los Angeles to the south.\nOn August 24, 1962, Palmdale became the first community in the Antelope Valley to incorporate. Forty-seven years later, in November 2009, voters approved making it a charter city. Palmdale's population was 152,750 at the 2010 census, up from 116,670 at the 2000 census. Palmdale is the 34th most populous city in California. Together with its immediate northern neighbor, the city of Lancaster, the Palmdale/Lancaster urban area had an estimated population of 513,547 as of 2013.\n\n", "Q124691": "Elham Manea (born 1966) is of dual nationalities, Yemeni and Swiss. She works as a Privatdozentin (compares to associate professor in the American System) and specialized on the Middle East, a writer, and a human rights activist. She has been a vocal advocate for the separation of state and religion in Islamic countries, freedoms of expression and belief, and the defence for civil, human, women's, and minorities rights in the Arab MENA region. She is also known as a harsh critic of the ideologies and policies of Islamist movements in its two forms, Societal Islamism and political Islamism (a differentiation she introduced in her forthcoming book Islamic Law in the West: the Essentialists).", "Q314926": "John Samuel Waters Jr. (born April 22, 1946) is an American filmmaker, writer, actor, and artist. Born and raised in Baltimore, Waters rose to prominence in the early 1970s for his transgressive cult films, including Multiple Maniacs (1970), Pink Flamingos (1972), and Female Trouble (1974). He wrote and directed the 1988 film Hairspray which became an international success and turned into a hit Broadway musical which has remained in almost continuous production. Waters has written and directed other successful films, including Polyester (1981), Cry-Baby (1990), Serial Mom (1994), Pecker (1998), and Cecil B. Demented (2000).\nIn 2015, the British Film Institute celebrated Waters\u2019 films with a retrospective in honor of his 50-year filmmaking career. Later that year, he was nominated for a Grammy Award for the spoken word version of his book Carsick. As an actor, Waters has appeared in films such as Sweet and Lowdown (1999), Seed of Chucky (2004), Excision (2012), and Suburban Gothic (2014). More recently, he performs in his touring one-man show This Filthy World. Waters has often worked with actor Divine, and his regular cast the Dreamlanders.\nIn addition to filmmaking and acting, Waters also works as a visual artist and across different mediums such as installations, photography, and sculpture. He has published multiple collections of his journalistic exploits, screenplays, ruminations and artwork. Waters\u2019 artwork exhibits regularly in galleries and museums around the world.", "Q238566": "Amber Lynn (born Laura Lynn Allen; September 3, 1964) is an American pornographic film actress and mainstream actress, radio host, model, and exotic dancer.", "Q1377712": "Georges Candilis (Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2; Baku, Russian Empire, 29 March 1913 \u2013 Paris, 10 May 1995) was a Greek-French architect and urbanist.", "Q76139": "Gerard Adams (Irish: Gear\u00f3id Mac \u00c1dhaimh; born 6 October 1948) is an Irish republican politician who was the President of Sinn F\u00e9in political party between 13 November 1983 and 10 February 2018, and served as a Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) for Louth from 2011 to 2020. From 1983 to 1992 and from 1997 to 2011, he was an abstentionist Member of Parliament (MP) of the British Parliament for the Belfast West constituency.\nIn 1984, Adams was seriously wounded in an assassination attempt by several gunmen from the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), including John Gregg. From the late 1980s onwards, Adams was an important figure in the Northern Ireland peace process, initially following contact by the then-Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) leader John Hume and then subsequently with the Irish and British governments.Under Adams, Sinn F\u00e9in changed its traditional policy of abstentionism towards the Oireachtas, the parliament of the Republic of Ireland, in 1986 and later took seats in the power-sharing Northern Ireland Assembly. In 2005, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) stated that its armed campaign was over and that it was exclusively committed to peaceful politics.In 2014, he was held for four days by the Police Service of Northern Ireland for questioning in connection with the abduction and murder of Jean McConville in 1972. He was freed without charge and a file was sent to the Public Prosecution Service, which later stated there was insufficient evidence to charge him, as had been expected since shortly after his release.Adams announced in November 2017 that he would step down as leader of Sinn F\u00e9in in 2018, and that he would not stand for re-election to his seat in the D\u00e1il in the next election. He was succeeded as President of Sinn F\u00e9in by Mary Lou McDonald at a special ardfheis (party conference) on 10 February 2018.", "Q71656": "Anja Kling (born 22 March 1970 in Wilhelmshorst-Potsdam, Brandenburg) is a German actress and voice actress. She is the younger sister of actress and voice actress Gerit Kling.", "Q435219": "Skyler Anna Shaye is an American actress. She is known for her role as Cloe in Bratz: The Movie and as Kylie in Superbabies: Baby Geniuses 2.", "Q69019": "Jacob Bernays (11 September 1824 \u2013 26 May 1881) was a German philologist and philosophical writer.", "Q422765": "Socompa is a large stratovolcano at the border of Argentina and Chile. Part of the Chilean and Argentine Andean Volcanic Belt (AVB), it is part of the Central Volcanic Zone, one of the various segments of the AVB. This part of the Andean volcanic arc begins in Peru and runs first through Bolivia and Chile, and then through Argentina and Chile, and contains about 44 active volcanoes. Socompa lies close to the pass of the same name, where the Salta-Antofagasta railway crosses the border.\nSocompa is known for its large debris avalanche, which was formed 7,200 years ago when most of the northwestern slope collapsed and slid down, forming an extensive deposit. It was at first considered to be either a moraine or a nuee ardende deposit, until the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens prompted awareness of the instability of volcanic edifices and the existence of large scale collapses on them. The Socompa collapse is among the largest known with a volume of 19.2 cubic kilometres (4.6 cu mi) and covers a surface area of 490 square kilometres (190 sq mi), and its features are well preserved by the arid climate. Notable are the large toreva blocks which were left behind within the collapse crater. After the landslide, the volcano was rebuilt by the effusion of lava flows and much of the scar is now filled in.\nSocompa is also noteworthy for the high-altitude biotic communities that are bound to fumaroles on the mountain and form well above the regular vegetation in the region. The climate on the mountain is cold and dry.", "Q68313": "Narayan Sitaram Phadke (1894\u20131978) was a Marathi writer from Maharashtra, India.", "Q1281084": "Alan Mark Grayson (born March 13, 1958) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who was the United States Representative for Florida's 9th congressional district from 2013 to 2017 and Florida's 8th congressional district from 2009 to 2011. He was defeated for re-election in 2010 by Republican Daniel Webster and was then elected in 2012 for a second, non-consecutive term in the House of Representatives, defeating Republican Todd Long. In 2016, Grayson decided not to run for re-election to his House seat in order to run for the Senate from Florida in the 2016 election. He was defeated 59%\u201318% in the Democratic primary by fellow Representative Patrick Murphy, who went on to lose the general election to incumbent Marco Rubio. In 2018, Grayson entered the race for the 9th district. He was defeated in the Democratic primary by his successor Darren Soto, 66%\u201334%.", "Q698533": "Ronald Cheng Chung-kei (born 9 March 1972) is a Hong Kong singer and actor.", "Q4488": "Clarence John Brown III (born January 5, 1959) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for his roles as \"Viking\" Lofgren in Bad Boys (1983), the Kurgan in Highlander (1986), Byron Hadley in The Shawshank Redemption (1994), Mr. Krabs in SpongeBob SquarePants (1999\u2013present), Brother Justin Crowe on the HBO series Carniv\u00e0le (2003\u20132005) and Kelvin Inman on the ABC series Lost (2004\u20132010). He has also provided voices for Lex Luthor, beginning with Superman: The Animated Series (1996\u20132000), Doctor Neo Cortex and List of Crash Bandicoot characters#Uka Uka#Uka Uka in the Crash Bandicoot video games (1997\u20132003), Hades in God of War III (2010), Surtur in Thor: Ragnarok (2017) and Lt. Hank Anderson in Detroit: Become Human (2018).", "Q3222142": "The Monkey King, also known as The Lost Empire, is a 2001 miniseries (runtime: 133 minutes) television produced by NBC and the SciFi Channel. It is a contemporary take on the classic novel Journey to the West. It stars Bai Ling, Thomas Gibson, Russell Wong, Eddie Marsan, and Randall Duk Kim. The film is directed by Peter MacDonald and written by pre-eminent Asian American dramatist David Henry Hwang.", "Q266368": "Barbara Barrie (born Barbara Ann Berman, May 23, 1931) is an American actress of film, stage and television. She is also an accomplished author.\nHer film breakthrough came in 1964 with her performance as Julie in the landmark film One Potato, Two Potato, for which she won the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival. She is best known for her role as Evelyn Stoller in Breaking Away, which brought her an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress in 1979 and an Emmy Award nomination in 1981 when she reprised the role in the television series based on the film.\nOn television she is perhaps best known for her portrayal, between 1975 and 1978, of the wife of the namesake captain in the detective sitcom Barney Miller. Barrie also is known for her extensive work in the theatre, receiving a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Musical in 1971 for originating the role of Sarah in Stephen Sondheim's Company.", "Q271614": "Katelyn Tarver (born November 2, 1989) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her recurring roles as Jo Taylor on the Nickelodeon series Big Time Rush, Natalie on the ABC series No Ordinary Family, and Mercedes on ABC Family The Secret Life of the American Teenager.\n\n", "Q7866357": "The USC Trojans football program represent University of Southern California in the sport of American football. The Trojans compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the South Division of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12).\nFormed in 1888, the program has over 830 wins and claims 11 consensus Division I Football National Championships. USC has had 13 undefeated seasons including 8 perfect seasons, and 39 conference championships. USC has produced seven Heisman Trophy winners, 81 first-team Consensus All-Americans, including 27 Unanimous selections, and 510 NFL draft picks, most all-time by any university, the Trojans also have had more players drafted in the first round than any other university, with 80 as of the 2017 draft. USC has had 34 members inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, including former players Matt Leinart, O.J. Simpson, and Ronnie Lott and former coaches John McKay and Howard Jones. The Trojans boast 12 inductees in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the second-most of any school, including Junior Seau, Bruce Matthews, Marcus Allen, and Ron Yary.The Trojans have 53 bowl appearances, 39 of which are among the New Year's Six Bowls. With a record of 34\u201319, USC has the highest all-time post-season winning percentage of schools with 25 or more bowl appearances.\nThe Trojans play their home games in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, located across the Exposition Park Rose Garden from USC's University Park, Los Angeles campus.", "Q60997": "Johann Christoph Denner (August 13, 1655 \u2013 April 26, 1707) was a German woodwind instrument maker of the Baroque era, to whom the invention of the clarinet is attributed.\nDenner was born in Leipzig to a family of horn-tuners. With his father, Heinrich Denner, a maker of game whistles and hunting horns, he moved to Nuremberg in 1666. J. C. Denner went into business as an instrument maker in 1678 and was granted rights for the \u201cmanufacture of French musical instruments consisting chiefly of oboes and recorders [flandadois]\u201d in 1697. Two of his sons, Jacob and Johann David, also became instrument builders. At least sixty-eight instruments attributed to J. C. Denner have survived to the present day, although the surviving instruments with his name are believed to have come from his sons' workshops. Denner died in 1707 and was buried in Nuremberg.In 1730, Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr wrote of Denner:\n\nAt the beginning of the current century, he invented a new kind of pipe-work, the so-called clarinet... and at length presented an improved chalumeau.On the basis of this passage, Denner has been credited by many with the improvement of the chalumeau and the invention of the clarinet. Despite the words \"At the beginning of the current century\" he is often said to have developed the clarinet in 1690; there is no evidence for this. In fact, J. C. Denner may have built no clarinets at all. Only one extant clarinet, owned by the University of California, Berkeley has been attributed to him, and this attribution has been challenged. Another instrument possibly made by Denner was destroyed in World War II. The earliest known reference to the clarinet is an invoice from Jacob Denner dated 1710, three years after J. C. Denner's death.", "Q102124": "Susan Alexandra Weaver (born October 8, 1949), professionally known as Sigourney Weaver (), is an American actress. Dubbed \"Queen of Sci-Fi\", Weaver is considered to be a pioneer of action heroines in science fiction films. She is primarily known for her role as Ellen Ripley in the Alien franchise. The role earned her an Academy Award nomination in 1986 and is often regarded as one of the most significant female protagonists in all of cinema.A seven-time Golden Globe Award nominee, in 1988 she won both Best Actress in Drama and Best Supporting Actress for her work in the films Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl, becoming the first person to win two acting Golden Globes in the same year. She also received Academy Award nominations for both films. For her role in the film The Ice Storm (1997), she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. Weaver also received a Tony Award nomination for her work in the 1984 Broadway play Hurlyburly.\nWeaver's other popular film work includes Ghostbusters (1984), Ghostbusters II (1989), Galaxy Quest (1999), Holes (2003), WALL-E (2008), Avatar (2009), Prayers for Bobby (2009), Paul (2011), The Cabin in the Woods (2012), A Monster Calls (2016), and The Defenders (2017).", "Q65637": "La Punt - Chamues-ch ([l\u0250\u02ccp\u028ant\u02c8t\u0255amu\u0259\u032f\u0283t\u0255] ; Italian and official name until 1943: Ponte-Campovasto) is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q439437": "Mary Matilyn Mouser (born May 9, 1996) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Lacey Fleming on the ABC series Body of Proof. She took over the role of Karen Grant, Fitz & Mellie's daughter on Scandal in Season 4. She is currently starring in the YouTube Premium series Cobra Kai.", "Q130828": "Yumi Okumura (\u5965\u6751 \u7531\u7f8e, Okumura Yumi, born August 15, 1963), better known by the stage name Yumi As\u014d (\u9ebb\u751f \u7950\u672a, As\u014d Yumi), is a Japanese actress. She is a niece of singer Chiyo Okumura. She married actor Toshiya Nagasawa in March 2004, and they had one child. The couple separated less than two years later, and officially divorced in 2008.", "Q436704": "Jack Cardiff, OBE, BSC\n(18 September 1914 \u2013 22 April 2009) was a British cinematographer, director and photographer. His career spanned the development of cinema, from silent film, through early experiments in Technicolor to filmmaking more than half-a-century later. \nHe was best known for his influential color cinematography for directors such as Powell and Pressburger (A Matter of Life and Death, Black Narcissus, and The Red Shoes), John Huston (The African Queen) and Alfred Hitchcock (Under Capricorn). He is also known for his work as a director in particular, his critically acclaimed film Sons and Lovers (1960) for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director. \nIn 2000, he was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire and, in 2001, he was awarded an Academy Honorary Award for his contribution to the cinema.\nJack Cardiff's work is reviewed in the documentary film: Cameraman: The Life and Work of Jack Cardiff (2010) and Terry Johnson's stage play Prism (2017).", "Q1986139": "The Parthian Empire (; 247 BC \u2013 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran. Its latter name comes from Arsaces I who, as leader of the Parni tribe, founded it in the mid-3rd century BC when he conquered the region of Parthia in Iran's northeast, then a satrapy (province) under Andragoras, in rebellion against the Seleucid Empire. Mithridates I (r. c. 171\u2013132 BC) greatly expanded the empire by seizing Media and Mesopotamia from the Seleucids. At its height, the Parthian Empire stretched from the northern reaches of the Euphrates, in what is now central-eastern Turkey, to eastern Iran. The empire, located on the Silk Road trade route between the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean Basin and the Han dynasty of China, became a center of trade and commerce.\nThe Parthians largely adopted the art, architecture, religious beliefs, and royal insignia of their culturally heterogeneous empire, which encompassed Persian, Hellenistic, and regional cultures. For about the first half of its existence, the Arsacid court adopted elements of Greek culture, though it eventually saw a gradual revival of Iranian traditions. The Arsacid rulers were titled the \"King of Kings\", as a claim to be the heirs to the Achaemenid Empire; indeed, they accepted many local kings as vassals where the Achaemenids would have had centrally appointed, albeit largely autonomous, satraps. The court did appoint a small number of satraps, largely outside Iran, but these satrapies were smaller and less powerful than the Achaemenid potentates. With the expansion of Arsacid power, the seat of central government shifted from Nisa to Ctesiphon along the Tigris (south of modern Baghdad, Iraq), although several other sites also served as capitals.\nThe earliest enemies of the Parthians were the Seleucids in the west and the Scythians in the north. However, as Parthia expanded westward, they came into conflict with the Kingdom of Armenia, and eventually the late Roman Republic. Rome and Parthia competed with each other to establish the kings of Armenia as their subordinate clients. The Parthians soundly defeated Marcus Licinius Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC, and in 40\u201339 BC, Parthian forces captured the whole of the Levant except Tyre from the Romans. However, Mark Antony led a counterattack against Parthia, although his successes were generally achieved in his absence, under the leadership of his lieutenant Ventidius. Various Roman emperors or their appointed generals invaded Mesopotamia in the course of the ensuing Roman\u2013Parthian Wars of the next few centuries. The Romans captured the cities of Seleucia and Ctesiphon on multiple occasions during these conflicts, but were never able to hold on to them. Frequent civil wars between Parthian contenders to the throne proved more dangerous to the Empire's stability than foreign invasion, and Parthian power evaporated when Ardashir I, ruler of Istakhr in Persis, revolted against the Arsacids and killed their last ruler, Artabanus IV, in 224 AD. Ardashir established the Sasanian Empire, which ruled Iran and much of the Near East until the Muslim conquests of the 7th century AD, although the Arsacid dynasty lived on through the Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia, the Arsacid dynasty of Iberia, and the Arsacid Dynasty of Caucasian Albania; all eponymous branches of the Parthian Arsacids.\nNative Parthian sources, written in Parthian, Greek and other languages, are scarce when compared to Sasanian and even earlier Achaemenid sources. Aside from scattered cuneiform tablets, fragmentary ostraca, rock inscriptions, drachma coins, and the chance survival of some parchment documents, much of Parthian history is only known through external sources. These include mainly Greek and Roman histories, but also Chinese histories, prompted by the Han Chinese desire to form alliances against the Xiongnu. Parthian artwork is viewed by historians as a valid source for understanding aspects of society and culture that are otherwise absent in textual sources.", "Q451947": "Caroline Fourest (French: [ka\u0281\u0254lin fu\u0281\u025bst]; born September 19, 1975 in Aix-en-Provence) is a French feminist writer, film director, journalist, radio presenter at France Culture, and editor of the magazine ProChoix. She is the author of Fr\u00e8re Tariq (\"Brother Tariq\"), a critical look at the works of Muslim intellectual Tariq Ramadan. She was also a columnist for Charlie Hebdo, for Le Monde until 14 July 2012 and she joined Marianne in 2016.", "Q158558": "Dimple Kapadia (born 8 June 1957) is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Hindi films. She was launched by Raj Kapoor at age 16, playing the title role in his teen romance Bobby (1973). In that same year she married Indian actor Rajesh Khanna and retired from acting. Kapadia returned to the film industry in 1984, following her separation from Khanna. One of her films of that period was the drama Saagar (1985). Both Bobby and Saagar won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. She went on to establish herself as one of the leading actresses of Hindi cinema in the 1980s.Initially recognised as a national sex symbol, Kapadia was keen to avoid being stereotyped and expand her range of acting roles. She subsequently took on more serious parts in a range of film genres, from mainstream to parallel cinema, and received acclaim for her performances in such films as Kaash (1987), Drishti (1990), Lekin... (1990), and Rudaali (1993), which earned her a National Film Award for Best Actress and a Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress. She followed with supporting roles in Gardish (1993) and Krantiveer (1994), the latter of which garnered her a fourth Filmfare Award.\nKapadia continued working infrequently through the 1990s and the 2000s. She played a minor part in Dil Chahta Hai (2001) and was noted for her portrayal of the title role in the American production Leela (2002). Some of her later film credits include leading roles in Hum Kaun Hai? (2004), Pyaar Mein Twist (2005), Phir Kabhi (2008), Tum Milo Toh Sahi (2010) and Welcome Back (2015), and supporting roles in Being Cyrus (2005), Luck by Chance (2009), Dabangg (2010), Cocktail (2012) and Finding Fanny (2014). Kapadia is the mother of Twinkle Khanna and Rinke Khanna, both former actresses.\n\n", "Q426517": "...And Justice for All is a 1979 American courtroom comedy-drama (film and television)|drama]] film directed by Norman Jewison and starring Al Pacino, Jack Warden and John Forsythe. Lee Strasberg, Jeffrey Tambor, Christine Lahti, Craig T. Nelson and Thomas Waites appear in supporting roles. The Oscar-nominated screenplay was written by Valerie Curtin and Barry Levinson.\nThe film includes a well-known scene in which Pacino's character yells, \"You're out of order! You're out of order! The whole trial is out of order! They're out of order!\" It was filmed in Baltimore, including the courthouse area. It received two Academy Award nominations: Best Leading Actor (Pacino) and Best Original Screenplay (Curtin and Levinson).\n\n", "Q265661": "Columbus Keith Short, Jr. (born September 19, 1982) is an American choreographer, actor, dancer and rapper. He choreographed Britney Spears's Onyx Hotel Tour and worked with Brian Friedman (of So You Think You Can Dance fame). He is best known for his roles in the films Stomp the Yard, Cadillac Records, Armored, and The Losers. He previously starred as a series regular in the ABC drama Scandal, as Harrison Wright. On April 26, 2014, it was announced that Short would leave Scandal after three seasons with the show.", "Q881335": "Evan Mecham ( MEE-k\u0259m; May 12, 1924 \u2013 February 21, 2008) was an American businessman and the 17th governor of Arizona, serving from January 5, 1987, until his impeachment conviction on April 4, 1988. A decorated veteran of World War II, Mecham was a successful automotive dealership owner and occasional newspaper publisher. Periodic runs for political office earned him a reputation as a perennial candidate along with the nickname of \"The Harold Stassen of Arizona\" before he was elected governor, under the Republican banner. As governor, Mecham was plagued by controversy almost immediately after his inauguration and became the first U.S. governor to simultaneously face removal from office through impeachment, a scheduled recall election, and a felony indictment. He was the first Arizona governor to be impeached.\nMecham served one term as a state senator before beginning a string of unsuccessful runs for public office. His victory during the 1986 election began with a surprise win of the Republican nomination, followed by a split of the Democratic party during the general election, resulting in a three-way race. While Governor, Mecham became known for statements and actions that were widely perceived as insensitive to minorities. Among these actions were the cancellation of the state's paid Martin Luther King Jr. Day and creating an unpaid King holiday on a Sunday, attributing high divorce rates to working women, and his defense of the word \"pickaninny\" in describing African American children. In reaction to these events, a boycott of Arizona was organized. A rift between the Governor and fellow Republicans in the Arizona Legislature developed after the Arizona Republic newspaper made accusations of questionable political appointments and cronyism, accusations that Mecham contended were false.\nHaving served from January 5, 1987, to April 4, 1988, Mecham was removed from office following conviction in his impeachment trial on charges of obstruction of justice and misuse of government funds \u2013 funds that Mecham maintained were private. A later criminal trial acquitted Mecham of related charges. Following his removal from office, Mecham remained active in politics for nearly a decade. During this time, he served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention and made his final runs for Arizona Governor and also for the U.S. Senate.", "Q43196": "Cincinnati ( SIN-sih-NAT-ee) is a major city in the U.S. state of Ohio, and is the government seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers, the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky. The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area, the fastest growing economic power in the Midwestern United States based on increase of economic output, which had a population of 2,190,209 as of the 2018 census estimates. This makes it Ohio's largest metropolitan area and the nation's 29th-largest. With a city population estimated at 302,605, Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 65th in the United States. Cincinnati is within a day's drive of 49.70% of the United States populace, ranking it as fourth in the list of metro areas with the largest population base within one day\u2019s drive time.In the 19th century, Cincinnati was an American boomtown in the middle of the country. Throughout much of the 19th century, it was listed among the top 10 U.S. cities by population, surpassed only by New Orleans and the older, established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard, as well as being the sixth-biggest city for a period spanning 1840 until 1860. Cincinnati was the first city founded after the American Revolution, as well as the first major inland city in the country.\nCincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period. However, it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants, who founded many of the city's cultural institutions. By the end of the 19th century, with the shift from steamboats to railroads drawing off freight shipping, trade patterns had altered and Cincinnati's growth slowed considerably. The city was surpassed in population by other inland cities, particularly Chicago, which developed based on strong commodity exploitation, economics, and the railroads, and St. Louis, which for decades after the Civil War served as the gateway to westward migration.\nCincinnati is home to three major sports teams: the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball; the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League; and FC Cincinnati of Major League Soccer. The city's largest institution of higher education, the University of Cincinnati, was founded in 1819 as a municipal college and is now ranked as one of the 50 largest in the United States. Cincinnati is home to historic architecture with many structures in the urban core having remained intact for 200 years. In the late 1800s, Cincinnati was commonly referred to as the \"Paris of America\", due mainly to such ambitious architectural projects as the Music Hall, Cincinnatian Hotel, and Shillito Department Store. Cincinnati is the birthplace of William Howard Taft, the 27th President of the United States.", "Q159646": "Albert I (Albert Honor\u00e9 Charles Grimaldi; 13 November 1848 \u2013 26 June 1922) was Prince of Monaco and Duke of Valentinois from 10 September 1889 until his death. He devoted much of his life to oceanography, exploration and science. Alongside his expeditions, Albert I made reforms on political, economic and social levels, bestowing a constitution on the Principality in 1911.", "Q96967": "Marieluise Beck (born 25 June 1952) is a German politician who served as member of the Alliance '90/The Greens group in the Bundestag until 2017. She was also a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.", "Q146766": "Dulwich ( DUL-itch) is an area of south London, England. The settlement is mostly in the London Borough of Southwark, with parts in the London Borough of Lambeth, and consists of Dulwich Village, East Dulwich, West Dulwich and the Southwark half of Herne Hill (which is often referred to as the North Dulwich triangle). Dulwich lies in a valley between the neighbouring districts of Camberwell (to the west), Crystal Palace, Denmark Hill, Forest Hill, Peckham, Sydenham Hill and Tulse Hill.\nDulwich formed part of the ancient parish of Camberwell in Surrey. The parish became the Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell within the County of London in 1889. In 1965, the borough was abolished and the area became part of the newly-created London Borough of Southwark.", "Q64529": "Boniswil is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q2260058": "Chills is a feeling of coldness occurring during a high fever, but sometimes is also a common symptom which occurs alone in specific people. It occurs during fever due to the release of cytokines and prostaglandins as part of the inflammatory response, which increases the set point for body temperature in the hypothalamus. The increased set point causes the body temperature to rise (pyrexia), but also makes the patient feel cold or chills until the new set point is reached. Shivering also occurs along with chills because the patient's body produces heat during muscle contraction in a physiological attempt to increase body temperature to the new set point. When it does not accompany a high fever, it is normally a light chill. Sometimes a chill of medium power and short duration may occur during a scare, especially in scares of fear, commonly interpreted like or confused by trembling.\nSevere chills with violent shivering are called rigors.", "Q149455": "Khaled Ali (also spelled Khaled Aly; Egyptian Arabic: \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649\u200e, IPA: [\u02c8x\u00e6\u02d0led \u02c8\u0295\u00e6li]; born 26 February 1972) is an Egyptian lawyer and activist. He is known for his advocacy for reform of government and private sector corruption and for promoting social justice and labor rights. He is the former head of the Egyptian Center for Economic and Social Rights (ECESR), and co-founder of the Front for Defending Egyptian Protesters and the Hisham Mubarak Law Center (HMLC).\nKnown as a \"legendary anti-corruption crusader\", Ali has been involved in several prominent court cases against the government, including a 2001 ruling that gave syndicates more freedoms, a 2010 case he won that mandated a higher minimum wage for workers, and a case leading to the nationalisation of three large companies that had been privatised. He won the \"Egyptian Corruption Fighter\" award in 2011.\nAli was an activist before, during, and after the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. He has been involved in worker strikes before and since the downfall of Hosni Mubarak's regime, and has been an active supporter of the role of workers in the revolution and the labor mobilisation that took place during it. He has denounced violent acts by the police and military, and has represented revolutionaries and the families of those killed in court. He was against the rule of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces and supported postponing the drafting of a new constitution until after the 2012 election.\nA latecomer to the 2012 presidential race, Ali announced his candidacy the day after he became eligible to run, making him the youngest candidate in the election. His platform was one of social and economic justice, including core issues such as regional economic strength, protecting natural resources, fighting corruption, addressing unemployment, and improving workers' rights. Ali laid great stress on education, which he believes will lift Egypt out of poverty. Having never belonged to any political party, he called himself the \"candidate of the poor\" was supported primarily by students, activists, farmers, and workers, generally on the left of the political spectrum.\nAli announced he would run for the 2018 presidential race, but ultimately withdrew.", "Q2687434": "West Point Cemetery is a historic cemetery in the eastern United States, on the grounds of the U.S. Military Academy in West Point, New York. It overlooks the Hudson River, and served as a burial ground for Revolutionary War soldiers and early West Point inhabitants long before 1817, when it was officially designated as a military cemetery.\nNorthwest of the cadet area, it was known as \"German Flats\" before its formal designation as the official cemetery in 1817. Until that time several small burial plots scattered in mid-post also served as places of interment. The graves from these plots and the remains subsequently found during building excavations were removed to the new site.\nAn improved road to the cemetery was constructed in 1840, and the caretaker's cottage was erected in 1872. The cemetery is home to several monuments, including the Dade Monument, Cadet Monument, Custer Monument, Wood's Monument, and Margaret Corbin Monument.", "Q382950": "Hiroshi Ishiguro (\u77f3\u9ed2\u6d69 Ishiguro Hiroshi) is director of the Intelligent Robotics Laboratory, part of the Department of Systems Innovation in the Graduate School of Engineering Science at Osaka University, Japan. A notable development of the laboratory is the Actroid, a humanoid robot with lifelike appearance and visible behaviour such as facial movements.", "Q660288": "VIZ Media LLC. is an American manga publisher, anime distributor and entertainment company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1986 as VIZ LLC.. In 2005, VIZ LLC and ShoPro Entertainment merged to form the current VIZ Media LLC, which is owned by Japanese publishing conglomerate Hitotsubashi Group, which includes Shueisha, Shogakukan and Shogakukan-Shueisha Productions (ShoPro). As of 2017, Viz Media is the largest publisher of graphic novels and comic books in the United States, with a 23% share of the market.", "Q52925": "Charles XV also Carl (Carl Ludvig Eugen); Swedish: Karl XV and Norwegian: Karl IV (3 May 1826 \u2013 18 September 1872) was King of Sweden (Charles XV) and Norway (proclaimed as Charles XV, but in recent times referred to accurately as Charles IV) from 1859 until his death. Though known as King Charles XV in Sweden (and also on contemporary Norwegian coins), he was actually the ninth Swedish king by that name, as his predecessor Charles IX (reigned 1604\u20131611) had adopted a numeral according to a fictitious history of Sweden.", "Q327446": "Suraj Sharma (born 21 March 1993) is an Indian actor who made his debut with 2012 film Life of Pi. Directed by Ang Lee, Life of Pi was adapted from the novel of the same name, and earned him critical acclaim as well as a BAFTA Rising Star Award nomination. In 2014, he portrayed Aayan Ibrahim in season 4 of the Showtime series Homeland. He currently stars as Rakesh Singh in the CBS comedy-drama series God Friended Me.", "Q317585": "Billy Liar is a 1963 British black-and-white CinemaScope comedy-drama film based on the 1959 novel by Keith Waterhouse. Directed by John Schlesinger, it stars Tom Courtenay (who had understudied Albert Finney in the West End theatre adaptation of the novel) as Billy, and Julie Christie as Liz, one of his three girlfriends. Mona Washbourne plays Mrs. Fisher, and Wilfred Pickles plays Mr. Fisher. Rodney Bewes, Finlay Currie and Leonard Rossiter also feature. The Cinemascope photography is by Denys Coop, and Richard Rodney Bennett supplied the score.\nThe film belongs to the British New Wave (or \"kitchen sink drama\") movement, inspired by the earlier French New Wave. Characteristic of the style is a documentary/cin\u00e9ma v\u00e9rit\u00e9 feel and the use of real locations (in this case, many in the city of Bradford in Yorkshire). \nThe film opened at the Warner Theatre in London's West End on 15 August 1963.", "Q1757147": "Dunderklumpen! is a 1974 Swedish family film directed by Per \u00c5hlin, which combines animation and live action. The story involves several musical numbers. It was released on 26 September 1974. At the 11th Guldbagge Awards, \u00c5hlin won a Special Achievement award for the film.", "Q1296": "Ghent (; Dutch: Gent [\u0263\u025bnt] (listen); French: Gand [\u0261\u0251\u0303] (listen), traditional English Gaunt) is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is the capital and largest city of the East Flanders province, and the third largest in the country, exceeded in size by Brussels and Antwerp. The city originally started as a settlement at the confluence of the Rivers Scheldt and Leie and in the Late Middle Ages became one of the largest and richest cities of northern Europe, with some 50,000 people in 1300. It is a port and university city.\nThe municipality comprises the city of Ghent proper and the surrounding suburbs of Afsnee, Desteldonk, Drongen, Gentbrugge, Ledeberg, Mariakerke, Mendonk, Oostakker, Sint-Amandsberg, Sint-Denijs-Westrem, Sint-Kruis-Winkel, Wondelgem and Zwijnaarde. With 262,219 inhabitants at the beginning of 2019, Ghent is Belgium's second largest municipality by number of inhabitants. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 1,205 km2 (465 sq mi) and has a total population of 560,522 as of 1 January 2018, which ranks it as the fourth most populous in Belgium. The current mayor of Ghent, Mathias De Clercq is from the liberal & democratic party Open VLD.\nThe ten-day-long Ghent Festival (Gentse Feesten in Dutch) is held every year and attended by about 1\u20131.5 million visitors.\n\n", "Q150662": "G\u00e9rard Philipe (4 December 1922 \u2013 25 November 1959) was a prominent French actor who appeared in 34 films between 1944 and 1959. Active in both theater and cinema, he was, until his untimely death, one of the main stars of the post-war period. His image has remained youthful and romantic, which has made him one of the icons of French cinema.", "Q6204983": "Joan Elizabeth Curran (26 February 1916 \u2013 10 February 1999) was a Welsh scientist who played important roles in the development of radar and the atomic bomb during the Second World War. She invented chaff, a radar countermeasure technique credited with reducing losses among Allied bomber crews. She also worked on the development of the proximity fuse and the electromagnetic isotope separation process for the atomic bomb.\n\n", "Q1249824": "Henry Bell (7 April 1767 \u2013 14 March 1830) was a Scottish engineer known for introducing the first successful passenger steamboat service in Europe.\n\n", "Q113997": "Kurt Kasznar (born Kurt Servischer; August 12, 1913 \u2013 August 6, 1979) was an Austrian-American stage, film, and television actor who played roles on Broadway, appearing in the original productions of Waiting for Godot, The Sound of Music and Barefoot in the Park, and had many notable parts in television and feature films.\n\"A big, glib, dapper man who spoke with an accent, he was almost always cast as some sort of a Continental gentleman,\" reported The New York Times.\nAs a soldier in World War II, Kasznar was among the first U.S. Army photographers to film the ruins of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.", "Q102642": "Diane Keaton (n\u00e9e Hall; born January 5, 1946) is an American actress, director, producer, photographer, real estate developer, author, and singer. One of the most popular actresses of the 1970s and 1980s, she has received various accolades, including an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, two Golden Globe Awards, and the AFI Life Achievement Award.\nKeaton began her career on stage and made her screen debut in 1970. Her first major film role was as Kay Adams-Corleone in The Godfather (1972), a role she reprised in The Godfather Part II (1974) and The Godfather Part III (1990). But the films that helped shape her early career were those with director and co-star Woody Allen, beginning with Play It Again, Sam in 1972. Her next two films with Allen, Sleeper (1973) and Love and Death (1975), established her as a comic actor. Her fourth, the romantic comedy Annie Hall (1977), won her the Academy Award for Best Actress.\nTo avoid being typecast as her Annie Hall persona, Keaton became an accomplished dramatic performer, starring in Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977) and Interiors (1978), and received three more Academy Award nominations for playing feminist activist Louise Bryant in Reds (1981), a woman with leukemia in Marvin's Room (1996), and a dramatist in Something's Gotta Give (2003).\nKeaton's other popular films include Manhattan (1979), Baby Boom (1987), Father of the Bride (1991), Manhattan Murder Mystery (1993), The First Wives Club (1996), The Family Stone (2005), Morning Glory (2010), Finding Dory (2016) and Book Club (2018).", "Q66458": "Kurt Hiller (17 August 1885, Berlin \u2013 1 October 1972, Hamburg) was a Jewish German essayist of high stylistic originality and a political (namely pacifist) journalist from a Jewish family. An openly gay communist he was deeply influenced by Immanuel Kant and Arthur Schopenhauer, despising the philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel, which made him quite unpopular with Marxists. Hiller was also an influential writer in the early German gay rights movement in the first two decades of the 20th century. In 1929, Hiller took over as chairman of the Scientific Humanitarian Committee from fellow gay activist Magnus Hirschfeld.\nHiller is remembered, too, for his book \u00a7175: Schmach des Jahrhunderts (Paragraph 175: Outrage of the Century) published in 1922. Hiller maintained that if homosexuals wanted change, they would have to effect it themselves.\nHiller was arrested by the Gestapo in 1933 following the Nazi seizure of power and was severely beaten before his release in August 1933. He spent nine months in prisons and in the earliest concentration camps, being transferred to Columbia-Hauss, Brandenburg and Oranienburg concentration camp.Hiller fled, fleeing to Prague later in 1934, and then to London in 1938. In 1955, he returned to Germany, where he lived and wrote in Hamburg until his death.", "Q38242": "Marc John Orrell (born November 7, 1982) is an American guitarist and musician, known for being a former member of the Boston Celtic Punk band the Dropkick Murphys. He joined the band in 2000, he was 17 years old, while they were recording Sing Loud, Sing Proud and remained with the group until January 2008, when he left to pursue a different musical style.Orrell has played with the bands The Eleventh Hour, Gimme Danger, Far From Finished, The Black Pacific, and most recently, Wild Roses.\nIn June 2019 Orrell, alongside Flogging Molly\u2019s Ted Hutt and The Pogues\u2019 James Fearnley announced the formation of a new supergroup, The Walker Roaders. The Walker Roaders' debut record is set for release on August 23rd 2019.", "Q132781": "Torture (from Latin tortus: to twist, to torment) is the act of deliberately inflicting severe physical or psychological suffering on someone by another as a punishment or in order to fulfill some desire of the torturer or force some action from the victim. Torture, by definition, is a knowing and intentional act; deeds which unknowingly or negligently inflict suffering or pain, without a specific intent to do so, are not typically considered torture.Torture has been carried out or sanctioned by individuals, groups, and states throughout history from ancient times to modern day, and forms of torture can vary greatly in duration from only a few minutes to several days or longer. Reasons for torture can include punishment, revenge, extortion, persuasion, political re-education, deterrence, coercion of the victim or a third party, interrogation to extract information or a confession irrespective of whether it is false, or simply the sadistic gratification of those carrying out or observing the torture. Alternatively, some forms of torture are designed to inflict psychological pain or leave as little physical injury or evidence as possible while achieving the same psychological devastation. The torturer may or may not kill or injure the victim, but torture may result in a deliberate death and serves as a form of capital punishment. Depending on the aim, even a form of torture that is intentionally fatal may be prolonged to allow the victim to suffer as long as possible (such as half-hanging). In other cases, the torturer may be indifferent to the condition of the victim.\nAlthough torture is sanctioned by some states, it is prohibited under international law and the domestic laws of most countries. Although widely illegal and reviled, there is an ongoing debate as to what exactly is and is not legally defined as torture. It is a serious violation of human rights, and is declared to be unacceptable (but not illegal) by Article 5 of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Signatories of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the Additional Protocols I and II of 8 June 1977 officially agree not to torture captured persons in armed conflicts, whether international or internal. Torture is also prohibited for the signatories of the United Nations Convention Against Torture, which has 163 state parties.National and international legal prohibitions on torture derive from a consensus that torture and similar ill-treatment are immoral, as well as impractical, and information obtained by torture is far less reliable than that obtained by other techniques. Despite these findings and international conventions, organizations that monitor abuses of human rights (e.g., Amnesty International, the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims, Freedom from Torture, etc.) report widespread use condoned by states in many regions of the world. Amnesty International estimates that at least 81 world governments currently practice torture, some of them openly.", "Q3431365": "Abraham C\u00e9sar Lamoureux (c. 1640, Metz \u2013 c. April 1692, Copenhagen) was a French sculptor and stonemason who worked in Sweden and in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is best known for creating the first equestrian statue in northern Europe.\n\n", "Q3272013": "The New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) is a public research university (R1) in Newark, New Jersey. Founded in 1881 with the support of local industrialists and inventors especially Edward Weston, NJIT opened as Newark Technical School in 1885 with 88 students. The school grew into a classic engineering college \u2013 Newark College of Engineering \u2013 and then, with the addition of a School of Architecture in 1973, into a polytechnic university that now hosts five colleges and one school. As of fall 2019, the university enrolls about 11,500 students, 2,000 of whom live on campus.NJIT offers 52 undergraduate (Bachelor of Science/Arts) majors and 67 graduate (Masters and PhD) programs. Via its Honors College it also offers professional programs in Healthcare and Law in collaboration with nearby institutions including Rutgers Medical School and Seton Hall Law School. The university also offers cross-registration with Rutgers University-Newark which borders its campus. NJIT operates two major off-campus research facilities including the Big Bear Solar Observatory and the Owens Valley Radio Observatory.\nAs of May 2019 the school's faculty and alumni include a Turing Award winner (2011), a Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics winner (2015), 2 members of the National Inventors Hall of Fame, 8 members of the National Academy of Engineering, 1 member of the National Academy of Sciences, an astronaut, a National Medal of Technology winner, a Congressional Gold Medal winner, a William Bowie Medal winner, multiple IEEE medalists, and 9 members of the National Academy of Inventors including 2 senior members. To date NJIT graduates have won twelve Goldwaters, four Fulbrights, a Boren Scholarship, a Truman, two Whitakers, eight Gilmans, and eleven NSF Graduate Research Fellowships.NJIT is a member of the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities, a Sea Grant College, and a member of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture. It has participated in the McNair Scholars Program since 1999. With 19 varsity teams, the NCAA Division I \"Highlanders\" mainly compete in the Atlantic Sun Conference.", "Q165801": "Hilary McKay (born 12 June 1959) is a British writer of children's books. For her first novel, The Exiles, she won the 1992 Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, a once-in-a-lifetime book award judged by a panel of British children's writers.", "Q57685": "Vladimir Filat (born 6 May 1969), commonly referred to as Vlad Filat (pronounced [vlad fi\u02c8lat]), is a Moldovan businessman and politician, founder of Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova. He was the Prime Minister of Moldova from 25 September 2009 to 25 April 2013. He also was appointed as the Interim President of Moldova for a brief period of time in 2010.", "Q104233": "Conrad Vetter (1547 \u2013 October 11, 1622) was a German Jesuit preacher and polemical writer.", "Q60029": "Oskar Schindler (28 April 1908 \u2013 9 October 1974) was a German industrialist and a member of the Nazi Party who is credited with saving the lives of 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and ammunitions factories in occupied Poland and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. He is the subject of the 1982 novel Schindler's Ark and its 1993 film adaptation, Schindler's List, which reflected his life as an opportunist initially motivated by profit, who came to show extraordinary initiative, tenacity, courage, and dedication to save the lives of his Jewish employees.\nSchindler grew up in Svitavy, Moravia, and worked in several trades until he joined the Abwehr, the military intelligence service of Nazi Germany, in 1936. He joined the Nazi Party in 1939. Prior to the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1938, he collected information on railways and troop movements for the German government. He was arrested for espionage by the Czechoslovak government but was released under the terms of the Munich Agreement in 1938. Schindler continued to collect information for the Nazis, working in Poland in 1939 before the invasion of Poland at the start of World War II. In 1939, Schindler acquired an enamelware factory in Krak\u00f3w, Poland, which employed at the factory's peak in 1944 about 1,750 workers, of whom 1,000 were Jews. His Abwehr connections helped Schindler protect his Jewish workers from deportation and death in the Nazi concentration camps. As time went on, Schindler had to give Nazi officials ever larger bribes and gifts of luxury items obtainable only on the black market to keep his workers safe.\nBy July 1944, Germany was losing the war; the SS began closing down the easternmost concentration camps and deporting the remaining prisoners westward. Many were murdered in Auschwitz and the Gross-Rosen concentration camp. Schindler convinced SS-Hauptsturmf\u00fchrer Amon G\u00f6th, commandant of the nearby Krak\u00f3w-P\u0142asz\u00f3w concentration camp, to allow him to move his factory to Brn\u011bnec in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, thus sparing his workers from almost certain death in the gas chambers. Using names provided by Jewish Ghetto Police officer Marcel Goldberg, G\u00f6th's secretary Mietek Pemper compiled and typed the list of 1,200 Jews who travelled to Br\u00fcnnlitz in October 1944. Schindler continued to bribe SS officials to prevent the execution of his workers until the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945, by which time he had spent his entire fortune on bribes and black market purchases of supplies for his workers.\nSchindler moved to West Germany after the war, where he was supported by assistance payments from Jewish relief organisations. After receiving a partial reimbursement for his wartime expenses, he moved with his wife Emilie to Argentina, where they took up farming. When he went bankrupt in 1958, Schindler left his wife and returned to Germany, where he failed at several business ventures and relied on financial support from Schindlerjuden (\"Schindler Jews\")\u2014the people whose lives he had saved during the war. He died on 9 October 1974 in Hildesheim, Germany, and was buried in Jerusalem on Mount Zion, the only member of the Nazi Party to be honoured in this way. He and his wife Emilie were named Righteous Among the Nations by the Israeli government in 1993.", "Q187884": "Jan Ladislav Rube\u0161 CM (6 June 1920 \u2013 29 June 2009) was a Czech-Canadian bass opera singer and actor.", "Q923780": "San Juan Capistrano (; Spanish: [sa\u014b \u02c8xwa\u014b kapis\u02c8t\u027eano]; Spanish for '\"Saint John of Capestrano\"') is a city in Orange County, California, United States. The current OMB metropolitan designation for San Juan Capistrano and the Orange County area is Santa Ana\u2013Anaheim\u2013Irvine, CA. The population was 34,593 at the 2010 census, up from 33,826 at the 2000 census.", "Q77555": "Countess Walburga Habsburg Douglas (born 5 October 1958) is a German-born Swedish lawyer and politician, who served as a member of the Riksdag of Sweden for the Moderate Party from 2006 to 2014. She is the vice-president of the Paneuropean Union and a board member of the Institute for Information on the Crimes of Communism.\nShe is a daughter of Otto von Habsburg, the last crown prince of Austria-Hungary, and a granddaughter of Emperor Charles I of Austria. Her ancestral titles are Archduchess Walburga of Austria, Archduchess and Princess Imperial of Austria, Princess Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, with the style of \"Her Imperial and Royal Highness.\" Although her family used those titles during her childhood, she does not actively use them in her daily life, although she has stated that she still holds the titles. In Sweden she legally holds the title Countess Douglas of Skenninge, as the wife of Count Archibald Douglas, a member the Swedish branch of the Scottish noble house, the Clan Douglas and a descendant of Field Marshal Robert Douglas, Count of Skenninge. She lives at Ekensholm Castle in Sweden.", "Q229319": "Lorraine Bracco (Italian: [\u02c8brakko]; born October 2, 1954) is an American actress. She is best known for her performances as Karen Friedman Hill in the 1990 Martin Scorsese film Goodfellas, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and as Dr. Jennifer Melfi on the HBO series The Sopranos.", "Q186542": "Nine is the stage name of Derrick Keyes (born September 19, 1969), an American rapper from The Bronx, New York City, New York. He is also known as 9MM or Nine Double M. Known for his harsh, gravelly flow and distinctive voice, Keyes got his break in early 1993 as a featured guest on Funkmaster Flex and the Ghetto Celebs' \"Six Million Ways to Die\".\nKeyes originally recorded under the moniker 9MM (or Nine Double M) before changing his name to simply Nine. He stated, \"I didn't want to be just be named after the gun (9mm).\" His stage name refers to his date of birth (9/19/1969), his shoe size, and his lucky number.\n\n", "Q786": "The Dominican Republic ( d\u0259-MIN-ik-\u0259n; Spanish: Rep\u00fablica Dominicana, pronounced [re\u02c8pu\u03b2lika \u00f0omini\u02c8kana] (listen)) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. It occupies the eastern five-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Republic of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of only two Caribbean islands, along with Saint Martin, that are shared by two sovereign states. The Dominican Republic is the second-largest nation in the Antilles by area (after Cuba) at 48,671 square kilometers (18,792 sq mi), and third by population with approximately 10.5 million people (2020 est.), of whom approximately 3.3 million live in the metropolitan area of Santo Domingo, the capital city. The official language of the country is Spanish.\nThe native Ta\u00edno people had inhabited Hispaniola before the arrival of the Europeans, dividing it into five chiefdoms. The Ta\u00edno people had eventually moved north over many years, and lived around the Caribbean islands. The Ta\u00edno natives had done quite well for themselves and were on their way to being an organized civilization. Christopher Columbus explored and claimed the island, landing here on his first voyage in 1492. The colony of Santo Domingo became the site of the first permanent European settlement in the Americas, the oldest continuously inhabited city, and the first seat of the Spanish colonial rule in the New World. Meanwhile, France occupied the western third of Hispaniola, naming their colony Saint-Domingue, which became the independent state of Haiti in 1804. After more than three hundred years of Spanish rule the Dominican people declared independence in November 1821. The leader of the independence movement Jos\u00e9 N\u00fa\u00f1ez de C\u00e1ceres, intended the Dominican nation to unite with the country of Gran Colombia, but the newly independent Dominicans were forcefully annexed by Haiti in February 1822. Independence came 22 years later in 1844, after victory in the Dominican War of Independence. Over the next 72 years the Dominican Republic experienced mostly internal conflicts and a brief return to Spanish colonial status before permanently ousting the Spanish during the Dominican War of Restoration of 1863\u20131865. The United States occupied the country between 1916 and 1924; a subsequent calm and prosperous six-year period under Horacio V\u00e1squez followed. From 1930 the dictatorship of Rafael Le\u00f3nidas Trujillo ruled until 1961. A civil war in 1965, the country's last, was ended by U.S. military occupation and was followed by the authoritarian rule of Joaqu\u00edn Balaguer (1966\u20131978 and 1986\u20131996), Antonio Guzm\u00e1n (1978-1982) and Salvador Jorge Blanco (1982\u20131986). Since 1996 the Dominican Republic has moved toward representative democracy and was led by Leonel Fern\u00e1ndez for much of the period until 2012. Danilo Medina, the Dominican Republic's current president, succeeded Fern\u00e1ndez in 2012, winning 51% of the electoral vote over his opponent ex-president Hip\u00f3lito Mej\u00eda.The Dominican Republic has the largest economy in the Caribbean and Central American region and is the eighth-largest economy in Latin America. Over the last 25 years, the Dominican Republic has had the fastest-growing economy in the Western Hemisphere \u2013 with an average real GDP growth rate of 5.3% between 1992 and 2018. GDP growth in 2014 and 2015 reached 7.3 and 7.0%, respectively, the highest in the Western Hemisphere. In the first half of 2016 the Dominican economy grew 7.4% continuing its trend of rapid economic growth. Recent growth has been driven by construction, manufacturing, tourism, and mining. The country is the site of the second largest gold mine in the world, the Pueblo Viejo mine. Private consumption has been strong, as a result of low inflation (under 1% on average in 2015), job creation, and a high level of remittances.\nThe Dominican Republic is the most visited destination in the Caribbean. The year-round golf courses are major attractions. A geographically diverse nation, the Dominican Republic is home to both the Caribbean's tallest mountain peak, Pico Duarte, and the Caribbean's largest lake and point of lowest elevation, Lake Enriquillo. The island has an average temperature of 26 \u00b0C (78.8 \u00b0F) and great climatic and biological diversity. The country is also the site of the first cathedral, castle, monastery, and fortress built in the Americas, located in Santo Domingo's Colonial Zone, a World Heritage Site. Music and sport are of great importance in the Dominican culture, with Merengue and Bachata as the national dance and music, and baseball as the most popular sport.", "Q231556": "Alexandra Anna Daddario (born March 16, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for playing Annabeth Chase in the Percy Jackson film series, Blake Gaines in San Andreas (2015), Summer Quinn in Baywatch (2017), Emma Corrigan in Can You Keep a Secret? and Alexis Butler in We Summon the Darkness (both 2019). She has also starred in the films Texas Chainsaw 3D and Hall Pass and has guest starred in television series such as White Collar, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, True Detective, New Girl, and American Horror Story: Hotel.", "Q76893": "Margot Honecker (n\u00e9e Feist; 17 April 1927 \u2013 6 May 2016) was an East German politician who was an influential member of the East German communist party and the country's regime until 1989. From 1963 until 1989, she was Minister of National Education (Ministerin f\u00fcr Volksbildung) of the GDR. She was married to Erich Honecker, the leader of East Germany's ruling Socialist Unity Party from 1971 to 1989 and concurrently from 1976 to 1989 the country's head of state.\nMargot Honecker was widely known as the \"Purple Witch\" for her tinted hair and hardline Stalinist views, and was described as \"the most hated person\" in East Germany next to Stasi chief Erich Mielke by former Bundestag president Wolfgang Thierse. She was responsible for the enactment of the \"Uniform Socialist Education System\" in 1965 and mandatory military training in schools to prepare pupils for a future war with the west. She was alleged to have been responsible for the regime's forced adoption of children of jailed dissidents or people who attempted to desert from the GDR, and she is considered to have \"left a cruel legacy of separated families.\" She also established prison-like institutions for children, including a camp at Torgau known as \"Margot's concentration camp.\" She was one of the few spouses of ruling Communist leaders who held significant power in her own right, as her prominence in the regime predated her husband's ascension to the leadership of the SED.\nFollowing the downfall of the communist regime in 1989, Honecker fled to the Soviet Union with her husband to avoid criminal charges from the Government of Germany. Fearing extradition to Germany, they took refuge in the Chilean embassy in Moscow in 1991, but in 1992 her husband was extradited to Germany by Yeltsin's Russian government to face criminal trial, and was detained in the Moabit prison. Margot Honecker then fled from Moscow to Chile to avoid a similar fate. At the time of her death, she lived in Chile with her daughter Sonja.\nShe left the party in 1990, after her husband's expulsion, and both later became members of the small fringe party Communist Party of Germany (1990), which is considered extremist by the German authorities. Formed in East Berlin in January 1990, the party claims to be the direct successor of the historical party formed in 1918 and is known for its open support for North Korea's communist regime, however it operates only in the territory of the former East Germany.", "Q118632": "Johann Jakob Wick (1522 \u2013 14 August 1588) was a Protestant clergyman from Z\u00fcrich.\n\nWick lived in the Z\u00fcrich of Heinrich Bullinger, the successor of Huldrych Zwingli. He studied theology in T\u00fcbingen, and was pastor of Witikon, at the city hospital, and the Predigerkirche. Afterwards he was canon and second archdeacon at the Grossm\u00fcnster. Wick is the collector of the Wickiana.", "Q64267": "Gr\u00e4nichen is a municipality in the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q171684": "Syngman Rhee (Korean: \uc774\uc2b9\ub9cc, pronounced [i.s\u026f\u014b.man]; 26 March 1875 \u2013 19 July 1965) was a South Korean politician who served as the first President of South Korea, from 1948 to 1960. Rhee was also the first and last president of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea from 1919 to his impeachment in 1925 and from 1947 to 1948. As President of South Korea, Rhee's government was characterised by authoritarianism, corruption, limited economic development, strong anti-communism and by the late 1950s growing political instability and public opposition. He imbued the country with a tradition of authoritarian rule that lasted, with a few short breaks, until 1988.\nBorn in Hwanghae Province, Joseon, Rhee attended an American Methodist school, where he converted to Christianity. He became involved in anti-Japanese activities after the 1894\u201395 First Sino-Japanese War and was imprisoned in 1899. Released in 1904, he moved to the United States, where he obtained degrees from American universities and met President Theodore Roosevelt. After a brief 1910\u201312 return to Korea, he moved to Hawaii in 1913. From 1918 to 1924, he was promoted to several high positions in some Korean provisional governments and served as a representative of these to Western powers. He moved to Washington, D.C., in 1939. In 1945, he was returned to US-controlled Korea by the US military, and on 20 July 1948 he was elected President of the Republic of Korea with 92.7% of the vote, beating Kim Koo.\nRhee adopted a hardline anti-communist and pro-American stance as President. Early on in his presidency, his government put down an anti-imperialist uprising on Jeju Island, and the Mungyeong and Bodo League massacres were committed against suspected communist sympathisers, leaving at least 100,000 people dead. Rhee oversaw the outbreak of the Korean War (1950\u20131953), in which North Korea invaded the south. He refused to sign the armistice agreement that ended the war, wishing to have reunited the peninsula by force.Following the war, the country remained at a low level economically, lagging behind North Korea, and was heavily reliant on U.S. aid. After being re-elected in 1956, the constitution was modified to remove the two-term restriction, despite protests from the opposition. He was elected uncontested in March 1960, after his opponent Cho Byeong-ok died before voting day. After Rhee's ally Lee Ki-poong won the corresponding vice-presidential election by a wide margin, the opposition rejected the result as rigged, which triggered protests. These escalated into the student-led April Revolution when police shot demonstrators in Masan, which forced Rhee to resign on 26 April and ultimately led to the establishment of the Second Republic of Korea. On 28 April, as protesters converged on the presidential palace, the CIA covertly flew him out to Honolulu, Hawaii, where he spent the rest of his life in exile. He died of a stroke in 1965.", "Q1058775": "Flushing is a neighborhood in the north-central portion of the New York City borough of Queens. The neighborhood is the fourth largest central business district in New York City. Downtown Flushing, a major commercial and retail area centered around the intersection of Main Street and Roosevelt Avenue, is the third-busiest intersection in New York City, behind Times and Herald Squares.Flushing was established as a settlement of New Netherland on October 10, 1645, on the eastern bank of Flushing Creek. It was named Vlissingen, after the Dutch city of Vlissingen. The English took control of New Amsterdam in 1664, and when Queens County was established in 1683, the \"Town of Flushing\" was one of the original five towns of Queens. In 1898, Flushing was consolidated into the City of New York. Development came in the early 20th century with the construction of bridges and public transportation. An immigrant population, composed mostly of Chinese and Koreans, settled in Flushing in the late 20th century.\nFlushing contains numerous residential subsections, and its diversity is reflected by the numerous ethnic groups that reside there. Flushing is served by several stations on the Long Island Rail Road's Port Washington Branch, as well as the New York City Subway's IRT Flushing Line (7 and <7>\u200b trains), which has its terminus at Main Street. \nFlushing is located in Queens Community District 7 and its ZIP Codes are 11354, 11355, and 11358. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 109th Precinct.", "Q606125": "Kejuan Waliek Muchita (born May 21, 1974), better known by his stage name Havoc, is an American rapper and record producer. He was one half of the hip-hop duo Mobb Deep with Prodigy.", "Q63508": "Abraham Ozjasz Thon (also Osias, anglicized spelling; 13 February 1870 in Lviv \u2013 11 November 1936 in Krak\u00f3w) was a rabbi, early Zionist, and leader of the Jewish community in Poland.", "Q468888": "Miina Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4 (originally Vilhelmiina Riktig, 4 June 1866 \u2013 3 April 1952) was Finland's first female minister and a key figure in the workers' movement. In 2016, the Finnish government made 1 October an official flag day in honour of Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4. She was involved in the preparation of Finland's first Municipal Homemaking Act.", "Q1501385": "Eugene Fitzgerald (21 August 1932 \u2013 14 December 2007) was an Irish Fianna F\u00e1il politician who served as Minister for Finance from 1980 to 1981, Minister for the Public Service from 1980 to 1981 to March 1982 to December 1982, Minister for Labour from 1977 to 1980 and March 1982 to December 1982. He served as a Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) from 1972 to 1987. He was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Munster constituency from 1984 to 1994.Gene Fitzgerald was born in Crookstown, County Cork in August 1932. He was educated nearby in Cork at the Presentation Brothers College. Fitzgerald was first elected to D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann in a by-election in 1972. He remained as a Fianna F\u00e1il TD for the constituency of Cork South-Central for 15 years. He was also involved in local politics, serving as a member of Cork County Council from 1974 until 1977. Fitzgerald was also Vice-President of the Cork County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association.\nFitzgerald was first appointed to the Irish Government in 1977 when he became Minister for Labour under Jack Lynch. He backed George Colley in the 1979 Fianna F\u00e1il leadership election but retained his office under the eventual victor, Charles Haughey. His appointment as Minister for Finance in 1980 caused some political commentators to be taken aback, particularly because of his political inexperience and also Fitzgerald had never been named as a possible Finance Minister. From then on he backed Haughey in the leadership heaves of 1982. In Haughey's second government Fitzgerald returned to the position of Minister for Labour.\nFitzgerald contested the 1984 European election in the Munster constituency and won a seat. He remained a TD until he stood down at the 1987 general election to concentrate on European politics instead of national politics. He was re-elected as an MEP in the 1989 elections. Fitzgerald retired from public office at the 1994 election, although he remained involved in the Fianna F\u00e1il party as a Treasurer and subsequently as Honorary Secretary.", "Q3536350": "Tracy W. Krohn (born August 26, 1954, in Houston, Texas) is an entrepreneur and auto racing enthusiast who was a new addition to the 2006 Forbes 400 list of the wealthiest Americans, at #320.\n\n", "Q431725": "Tokyo Tower (\u6771\u4eac\u30bf\u30ef\u30fc) is a 2005 Japanese romantic film directed and written by Takashi Minamoto. The film is based on a novel by Kaori Ekuni.", "Q183412": "EMI Group Limited (originally an initialism for Electric and Musical Industries, also referred to as EMI Records Ltd. or simply EMI) was a British transnational conglomerate founded in March 1931 in London. At the time of its break-up in 2012, it was the fourth largest business group and record label conglomerate in the music industry, and was one of the \"Big Four\" record companies (now the \"Big Three\"). Its labels included EMI Records, Parlophone, Virgin Records, and Capitol Records, which are now owned by other companies.\nThe company was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index, but faced financial troubles and US$4 billion in debt, leading to its acquisition by Citigroup in February 2011. Citigroup's ownership was temporary, as EMI announced in November 2011 that it would sell its music arm to Vivendi's Universal Music Group for $1.9 billion and its publishing business to a Sony/ATV consortium for around $2.2 billion. Other members of the Sony consortium include the estate of Michael Jackson, The Blackstone Group, and the Abu Dhabi\u2013owned Mubadala Development Company. EMI's locations in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada were all disassembled to repay debt, but the primary head office located outside those countries is still functional.It is currently owned by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, the music publishing division of Sony Music which bought another 70% stake in EMI Music Publishing.", "Q111170": "Kai Fischer (born 18 March 1934) is a German film actress. She has appeared in 54 films between 1955 and 1999.", "Q456966": "Francesco Daniele Quinn (March 22, 1963 \u2013 August 5, 2011) was an Italian-born actor. The first son of Oscar-winner Anthony Quinn and Iolanda Addolori (Anthony Quinn's second wife), Francesco is perhaps best known for his breakout role as Rhah in Oliver Stone\u2019s Academy Award-winning Platoon (1986). However, his first major role in television was in the 1985 prime-time television miniseries Quo Vadis?. His final role was the voice of the Autobot Dino (Mirage) in Transformers: Dark of the Moon.", "Q7817": "The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution, which establishes the agency's governing structure and principles, states its main objective as ensuring \"the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health.\" It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, with six semi-autonomous regional offices and 150 field offices worldwide.\nThe WHO was established in 7 April 1948, which is commemorated as World Health Day. The first meeting of the World Health Assembly (WHA), the agency's governing body, took place on 24 July 1948. The WHO incorporated the assets, personnel, and duties of the League of Nations' Health Organisation and the Office International d'Hygi\u00e8ne Publique, including the International Classification of Diseases. Its work began in earnest in 1951 following a significant infusion of financial and technical resources.The WHO's broad mandate includes advocating for universal healthcare, monitoring public health risks, coordinating responses to health emergencies, and promoting human health and well being. It provides technical assistance to countries, sets international health standards and guidelines, and collects data on global health issues through the World Health Survey. Its flagship publication, the World Health Report, provides expert assessments of global health topics and health statistics on all nations. The WHO also serves as a forum for summits and discussions on health issues.The WHO has played a leading role in several public health achievements, most notably the eradication of smallpox, the near-eradication of polio, and the development of an Ebola vaccine. Its current priorities include communicable diseases, particularly HIV/AIDS, Ebola, malaria and tuberculosis; non-communicable diseases such as heart disease and cancer; healthy diet, nutrition, and food security; occupational health; and substance abuse.\nThe WHA, composed of representatives from all 194 member states, serves as the agency's supreme decision-making body. It also elects and advises an Executive Board made up of 34 health specialists. The WHA convenes annually and is responsible for selecting the Director-General, setting goals and priorities, and approving the WHO's budget and activities. The current Director-General is Tedros Adhanom, former Health Minister and Foreign Minister of Ethiopia, who began his five-year term on 1 July 2017.The WHO relies on assessed and voluntary contributions from member states and private donors for funding. As of 2018, it has a budget of over $4.2 billion, most of which comes from voluntary contributions from member states. The agency is part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Group.", "Q299394": "Kl\u00e1ra Issov\u00e1 (born 26 April 1979), sometimes known as Kl\u00e1ra Issa, is a Czech film, stage and television actress. In 1997, she won the Czech Lion Award for Best Supporting Actress in Nejasn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va o konci sv\u011bta. She is the cousin of actress Martha Issov\u00e1.", "Q273995": "Wendy Cope, (born 21 July 1945) is a contemporary English poet. She read history at St Hilda's College, Oxford. She now lives in Ely, Cambridgeshire, with her husband, the poet Lachlan Mackinnon.", "Q11820": "Martin Van Buren ( van BEWR-\u0259n; born Maarten Van Buren; December 5, 1782 \u2013 July 24, 1862) was an American statesman who served as the eighth president of the United States from 1837 to 1841. He was the first president to speak a native language other than English (Dutch) and the first born after the United States had declared its independence from Great Britain. A founder of the Democratic Party, he had previously served as the ninth governor of New York, the tenth United States secretary of state, and the eighth vice president of the United States. He won the 1836 presidential election with the endorsement of popular outgoing President Andrew Jackson and the organizational strength of the Democratic Party. He lost his 1840 reelection bid to Whig Party nominee William Henry Harrison, thanks in part to the poor economic conditions surrounding the Panic of 1837. Later in his life, Van Buren emerged as an elder statesman and an important anti-slavery abolitionist leader who led the Free Soil Party ticket in the presidential election of 1848.\nVan Buren was born in Kinderhook, New York, to a family of Dutch Americans; his father was a Patriot during the American Revolution. He was raised speaking Dutch and learned English at school, making him the first and still only U.S. president to speak English as his second language. He trained as a lawyer and quickly became involved in politics as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party. He won election to the New York State Senate and became the leader of the Bucktails, the faction of Democratic-Republicans opposed to New York Governor DeWitt Clinton. Van Buren established a political machine known as the Albany Regency and in the 1820s emerged as the most influential politician in the Empire State. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1821 and supported William H. Crawford in the 1824 presidential election. John Quincy Adams won the 1824 election and Van Buren opposed his proposals for federally funded internal improvements and other measures. Van Buren's major political goal was to re-establish a two-party system with partisan differences based on ideology rather than personalities or sectional differences, and he supported Jackson's candidacy against Adams in the 1828 presidential election with this goal in mind. To support Jackson's candidacy, Van Buren ran for Governor of New York; he won, but resigned a few months after assuming the position to accept appointment as U.S. Secretary of State after Jackson took office in March 1829.\nVan Buren was a key advisor during Jackson's eight years as President of the United States and he built the organizational structure for the coalescing Democratic Party, particularly in New York. He resigned from his position to help resolve the Petticoat affair, then briefly served as the U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom. At Jackson's behest, the 1832 Democratic National Convention nominated Van Buren for Vice President of the United States, and he took office after the Democratic ticket won the 1832 presidential election. With Jackson's strong support, Van Buren faced little opposition for the presidential nomination at the 1835 Democratic National Convention, and he defeated several Whig opponents in the 1836 presidential election. Van Buren's response to the Panic of 1837 centered on his Independent Treasury system, a plan under which the Federal government of the United States would store its funds in vaults rather than in banks. He also continued Jackson's policy of Indian removal; he maintained peaceful relations with Britain but denied the application to admit Texas to the Union, seeking to avoid heightened sectional tensions. In the 1840 election, the Whigs rallied around Harrison's military record and ridiculed Van Buren as \"Martin Van Ruin\", and a surge of new voters helped turn him out of office.\nAt the opening of the Democratic convention in 1844, Van Buren was the leading candidate for the party's nomination for the presidency. Southern Democrats, however, were angered by his continued opposition to the annexation of Texas, and the party nominated James K. Polk. Van Buren grew increasingly opposed to slavery after he left office, and he agreed to lead a third party ticket in the 1848 presidential election, motivated additionally by intra-party differences at the state and national level. He finished in a distant third nationally, but his presence in the race most likely helped Whig nominee Zachary Taylor defeat Democrat Lewis Cass. Van Buren returned to the Democratic fold after the 1848 election, but he supported Abraham Lincoln's policies during the American Civil War. His health began to fail in 1861, and he died in July 1862, at age 79. He has been generally ranked as an average or below-average U.S. president by historians and political scientists.\n\n", "Q850034": "Bettina Schausten (born February 18, 1965 in L\u00fcdinghausen) is a German journalist.\n\n", "Q76663": "Konrad Krauss is a German actor and well known for his role as family patriarch Arno Brandner on the soap opera Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love).\nKrauss studied drama and music on the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater Hamburg. In 1960, he played angel Raphael in a Faust screening. Konrad was seen in various plays and had many guest appearances in television. His life changed when he joined Verbotene Liebe in 1995.\nIn 2006, his friend and actor fellow Uwe Friedrichsen made a guest appearance to give Arno new optimism.", "Q976": "Tomsk (Russian: \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0441\u043a, IPA: [tomsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast in Russia, located on the Tom River. The city's population was 524,669\u2009(2010 Census); 487,838\u2009(2002 Census); 501,963\u2009(1989 Census).Tomsk is considered one of the oldest towns in Siberia. It celebrated its 410th anniversary in 2014. The city is a notable educational and scientific center with six state universities, over 100,000 students, and the oldest university in Siberia.", "Q85933": "Anna L\u00fchrmann (born June 14, 1983 in Lich, Hesse) became the youngest-ever member of the German Parliament in 2002, as well as the youngest member of parliament in the world. She became involved in the Green Party at thirteen and her election came after a fast career in the youth organisation Gr\u00fcn-Alternatives Jugendb\u00fcndnis. She belongs to the moderate wing of the Green Party. \nFrom 2009 - 2011 she advised UNDP in Sudan on Electoral and Parliamentary issues. She is lead author of UNDP's handbook \"Enhancing Youth Political Participation Throughout the Electoral Cycle A Good Practice Guide\", published in 2013. \nIn August 2015, she joined the Varieties of Democracy Institute at the Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, as Postdoctoral Research Fellow .", "Q2638952": "Sir David Brown (10 May 1904 \u2013 3 September 1993) was an English industrialist, managing director of his grandfather's gear and machine tool business David Brown Limited and more recently David Brown Tractors, and one time owner of shipbuilders Vosper Thorneycroft and car manufacturers Aston Martin and Lagonda.", "Q191016": "Fredrik Bajer (21 April 1837 \u2013 22 January 1922) was a Danish writer, teacher, and pacifist politician who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1908 together with Klas Pontus Arnoldson.\n\n", "Q174924": "Humza Haroon Yousaf (born 7 April 1985) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician who has been Cabinet Secretary for Justice since 26 June 2018 and the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Glasgow Pollok since 2016. Yousaf was previously an MSP for the Glasgow region from 2011 to 2016. He served as Minister for External Affairs and International Development from 2012 until 2014 and as Minister for Europe and International Development from 2014 until 2016. He was Minister for Transport and the Islands from 2016 until 2018.\nIn 2016, Yousaf became the first ethnic minority to win a constituency seat in the Scottish Parliament. He was the first non-white and first Muslim member of the Scottish Government when he was appointed as a minister in 2012. At age 27, he was also the youngest minister ever appointed to the Scottish Government. He became Scotland's first ethnic minority and first Muslim cabinet minister when appointed as Cabinet Secretary for Justice in 2018. Appointed aged 33, he also became the youngest person to ever hold a cabinet position in the Scottish Government.\n\n", "Q70212": "Croglio is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q84393": "Erich Fried (6 May 1921 \u2013 22 November 1988) was an Austrian-born poet, writer and translator. He initially became known to a broader public in both Germany and Austria for his political poetry, and later for his love poems. As a writer he mostly wrote plays and short novels. He also translated works by different English writers from English into German, most notably works by William Shakespeare.\nHe was born in Vienna, Austria, but fled to England after the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938. He settled in London and adopted British Nationality in 1949. His first official visit back to Vienna was in 1962.", "Q67008": "Oberbuchsiten is a municipality in the district of G\u00e4u in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q4216268": "John Cartwright (17 September 1740 \u2013 23 September 1824) was an English naval officer, Nottinghamshire militia major and prominent campaigner for parliamentary reform. He subsequently became known as the Father of Reform. His younger brother Edmund Cartwright became famous as the inventor of the power loom.", "Q70574": "Premier is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q4277682": "Little Tragedies (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0438) is a 1979 Soviet television miniseries directed by Mikhail Shveytser, based on works by Alexander Pushkin. Dedicated to Pushkin's 180th birthday and 150th anniversary of Boldino Autumn.", "Q228991": "\u00c0 toi de faire... mignonne (Italian: L'agente federale Lemmy Caution), released in the US as Your Turn, Darling, is a French-Italian film based on the novels of Peter Cheyney. It came out ten years after La m\u00f4me vert-de-gris which had been the first of film of this series.\nIt was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris and on location around the city. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ren\u00e9 Moulaert.\nFor the last time Bernard Borderie directed the popular actor Eddie Constantine in a Lemmy Caution adventure.\nGuy Delorme, who in 1961 had been the Comte de Rochefort in Borderie's classic film version of The Three Musketeers, acts another time as a scheming bad guy.", "Q1703258": "Jonathan David Melvoin (December 6, 1961 \u2013 July 12, 1996) was an American musician active in the 1980s and 1990s.", "Q18804": "Rebecca Renee Black (born June 21, 1997) is an American YouTuber and singer who gained extensive media coverage when the music video for her February 10, 2011, single \"Friday\" went viral on YouTube and other social media sites. \"Friday\" was derided by many music critics and viewers, who dubbed it \"the worst song ever\". Black went on to release other songs including her Dave Days collaboration \"Saturday\". She currently uploads videos on her YouTube channel about various topics.", "Q699605": "Kai-Fu Lee (traditional Chinese: \u674e\u958b\u5fa9; simplified Chinese: \u674e\u5f00\u590d; pinyin: L\u01d0 K\u0101if\u00f9; born December 3, 1961) is a Taiwanese-born American computer scientist, businessman, and writer. He is currently based in Beijing, China.\nLee developed the world's first speaker-independent, continuous speech recognition system as his Ph.D. thesis at Carnegie Mellon. He later worked as an executive, first at Apple, then SGI, Microsoft, and Google.\nHe became the focus of a 2005 legal dispute between Google and Microsoft, his former employer, due to a one-year non-compete agreement that he signed with Microsoft in 2000 when he became its corporate vice president of interactive services.One of the most prominent figures in the Chinese internet sector, he was the founding director of Microsoft Research Asia, serving from 1998 to 2000; and president of Google China, serving from July 2005 through September 4, 2009. He created a website, W\u01d2xu\u00e9w\u01ceng (Chinese: \u6211\u5b66\u7f51; literally: 'I learn Internet') dedicated to helping young Chinese people achieve in their studies and careers, and his \"10 Letters to Chinese College Students\" have spread widely on the web. He is one of the most followed micro-bloggers in China, in particular on Sina Weibo, where he has over 50 million followers.\nIn his 2018 book AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order, Lee describes how China is rapidly moving forward to become the global leader in AI, and may well surpass the United States, because of China's demographics and its amassing of huge data sets. In a 28 September 2018 interview on the PBS Amanpour program, he stated that artificial intelligence, with all its capabilities, will never be capable of creativity or empathy.\n\n", "Q237669": "Taryn Gail Manning (born November 6, 1978) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for portraying Tiffany \"Pennsatucky\" Doggett in the Netflix original series Orange Is the New Black (2013\u20132019).Manning made her film debut in the teen drama film Crazy/Beautiful (2001), followed by a role opposite Britney Spears in Crossroads (2002), which garnered her mainstream attention. She then appeared in 8 Mile (2002), White Oleander (2002), A Lot Like Love (2005) and Hustle & Flow (2005). Manning also had a main role on Hawaii Five-0 and had a recurring role in television on Sons of Anarchy. Manning is the vocalist for the electronic duo Boomkat, and is also a co-owner of the clothing brand Born Uniqorn.", "Q924979": "Jacqueline Novogratz (born 1961) is an American entrepreneur and author. She is the founder and CEO of Acumen, a non-profit global venture capital fund whose goal is to use entrepreneurial approaches to address global poverty.\n\n", "Q124875": "Kurt Seibt (13 February 1908 in Berlin \u2013 21 June 2002) was chairman of the Central Revision Commission of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands; SED) and East Germany's Minister for Direction and Control of Regional and District Councils.", "Q66316": "Bassam Tibi (Arabic: \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u064a\u200e), is a German political scientist and Professor of International Relations. He was born in 1944 in Damascus, Syria to an aristocratic family, and moved to Germany in 1962 where he later became a citizen in 1976. He is known for his analysis of international relations and the introduction of Islam to the study of international conflict and of civilization. Tibi is known for introducing the controversial concept of European Leitkultur as well as the concept of Euroislam to discussions about integration of Muslim immigrants to countries in Europe. He is also the founder of Islamology as a social-scientific study of Islam and conflict in post-bipolar politics. Tibi has done research in Asian and African countries. He publishes in English, German and Arabic.", "Q208499": "Uman (Ukrainian: \u0423\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044c, IPA: [\u02c8um\u0250n\u02b2]; Polish: Huma\u0144) is a city located in Cherkasy Oblast (province) in central Ukraine, to the east of Vinnytsia. Located in the historical region of the eastern Podolia, the city rests on the banks of the Umanka River at around 48\u00b045\u2032N 30\u00b013\u2032E. Uman serves as the administrative center of Uman Raion (district), but is designated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. Population: 85,473\u2009(2017 est.)Among Ukrainians, Uman is known for its depiction of the Haidamak rebellions in Taras Shevchenko's longest of poems, Haidamaky (\"The Haidamaks\", 1843). The city is also a pilgrimage site for Breslov Hasidic Jews and a major center of gardening research containing the dendrological park Sofiyivka and the University of Gardening.\nUman (Huma\u0144) was a privately owned city of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.", "Q162820": "Norman Mattoon Thomas (November 20, 1884 \u2013 December 19, 1968) was an American Presbyterian minister who achieved fame as a socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America.\n\n", "Q187112": "The 14th arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille.\n\n", "Q153425": "Jacques Lucien Jean Delors (born 20 July 1925) is a French politician who served as the 8th President of the European Commission from 1985 to 1995. He served as Minister of Finance of France from 1981 to 1984. He was a Member of the European Parliament from 1979 to 1981. As President Delors was the most visible and influential leader in European affairs. He implemented the policies that closely linked the member nations together and tirelessly promoted the need for unity. He had critics but on the whole was well respected for his imagination and commitment to the cause of European unity. His two main achievements were creating a single market that made possible allowed the free movement of persons, capital, goods, and services within the Community. He also headed the committee that proposed the monetary union to create the Euro, a new currency to relace individual national currencies. This was done in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty.", "Q334412": "Manuel \"Manolo\" Blahnik Rodr\u00edguez (; born 27 November 1942), is a Spanish fashion designer and founder of the eponymous high-end shoe brand.", "Q3127914": "Harry Shannon (June 13, 1890 \u2013 July 27, 1964) was an American character actor. He often appeared in Western films.", "Q649154": "Georgy Nikolayevich Babakin (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0301\u043a\u0438\u043d; 13 November 1914 \u2013 3 August 1971) was a Soviet engineer working in the space program. He was Chief Designer at the Lavochkin Design Bureau from 1965 until his death.\nBabakin's early career was spent in radio engineering, starting with a job at the Moscow telephone company in 1930, working on an urban radio network.\nFrom 1943 to 1949, Babakin worked on radar targeting systems at the Institute of Automation (VSNITO), where he became its chief engineer.\nBabakin became involved in the Soviet space program in 1949, working in Boris Chertok's division of NII-88 on surface-to-air missiles and targeting systems. In 1952, he was part of a group transferred to Lavochkin's bureau OKB-301 to work on the intercontinental cruise missile Burya and the V-300 anti-aircraft missile.\nIn 1960, Lavochkin died at an aircraft show (literally died in Babakin's arms), and the bureau was subsumed by Vladimir Chelomei. It became independent again in 1965, with Babakin as its chief designer. At that time, the planetary probe program was taken away from Sergei Korolev's OKB-1 bureau and reassigned to OKB-301 due to its almost complete lack of success (not one Soviet planetary probe had succeeded since Luna 3 six years earlier).\nBabakin's new \"NPO Lavochkin\" brought improved engineering, testing and systems management to this problem, including proper bench and dynamics testing of components, something Korolev had never done. The effort began to bear fruit with the successful missions of Luna 9 and Venera 4 in 1966-67.\nBabakin died of a heart attack at the age of 57 shortly before the completion of the Mars 2 and Mars 3 spacecraft, during Lunokhod-1 mission. His bureau continued with a series of impressive successes, the first Lunar rovers, landings on Venus and robotic sample return of moon rocks. A research division of NPO Lavochkin is named after Babakin, and the firm continues to design and build spacecraft.\nThe crater Babakin on the Moon and Babakin on Mars were named in his honor.", "Q148763": "The Beyonc\u00e9 Experience Live is the third live and fourth video album by American singer Beyonc\u00e9. It was released through Columbia Records and Music World Entertainment on November 20, 2007 in the United States. It was filmed at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, on September 2, 2007 during her world tour The Beyonc\u00e9 Experience. It features guest appearances from rapper Jay-Z on \"Upgrade U\" and former Destiny's Child bandmates Michelle Williams and Kelly Rowland on \"Survivor\". The show featured on the album was broadcast on different channels; for one night only on November 19, 2007, the film was shown in ninety-six theaters across the United States, while Black Entertainment Television (BET) aired an edited version of the concert on Thanksgiving Day, with AEG Network and 3sat also airing the concert.\nThe album features performances of songs from Beyonc\u00e9's first two solo studio albums Dangerously in Love (2003) and B'Day (2006) as well as songs which she recorded with Destiny's Child. Upon its release, The Beyonc\u00e9 Experience Live received mostly positive reviews from music critics who praised Beyonc\u00e9's live performances of the songs. The album was also commercially successful, peaking at number two on the US Top Music Videos, and being certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The live version of \"Me, Myself and I\" (2003) from the album gained a nomination for Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 51st Annual Grammy Awards (2009). The show was re-enacted by American performer Neal Medlyn during his performance at the New Museum in New York City, New York in April 2008.", "Q4786498": "Archibald Bulloch \"Archie\" Roosevelt (April 9, 1894 \u2013 October 13, 1979), the fifth child of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, was a distinguished U.S. Army officer and commander of U.S. forces in both World War I and II. In both conflicts he was wounded. He earned the Silver Star with three oak leaf clusters, Purple Heart with oak leaf cluster and the French Croix de guerre. After World War II, he became a successful businessman and the founder of a New York City bond brokerage house, as well as a spokesman for conservative political causes.", "Q262126": "Anna Katriina \"Kati\" Outinen (born 17 August 1961) is a Finnish actress who has often played leading female roles in Aki Kaurism\u00e4ki's films.Outinen was born in Helsinki. Having studied under Jouko Turkka during his \"reign\" of drama studies in Finland, she nevertheless has never been associated with the \"turkkalaisuus\" school of acting methodology. Her breakthrough role was as a tough girl in the generational classic youth film T\u00e4\u00e4lt\u00e4 tullaan el\u00e4m\u00e4 (1980) by Tapio Suominen. In 1984, she appeared in Aikalainen. \nBesides a strong domestic reputation gained through a widely varied list of roles in theater and television drama, film director Aki Kaurism\u00e4ki's films have brought Outinen international attention and even adulation, particularly in Germany and France. Her first work together with Kaurism\u00e4ki was Shadows in Paradise in 1986. At the 2002 Cannes Film Festival, Outinen won the award for Best Actress for the Kaurism\u00e4ki film The Man Without a Past. The most recent time that Outinen and Kaurism\u00e4ki worked together was in the film The Other Side of Hope (2017).\nShe has also contributed to the screenplay of the Finnish soap opera Salatut el\u00e4m\u00e4t. Outinen portrayed the central character of a Swedish bank manager in the Estonian series The Bank (2018). She has appeared as a voice actress in the animation series Babar. She has also given her voice to Ritva Tuomivaara on the video game Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus (2017). \nIn 2016, Outinen played with Jim Carrey in the film Dark Crimes.\nOutinen worked as a Professor in Acting at the Theatre Academy Helsinki from 2002\u20132013.", "Q9184": "The Book of Genesis, the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, is an account of the creation of the world and the origins of the Jewish people.It is divisible into two parts, the primeval history (chapters 1\u201311) and the ancestral history (chapters 12\u201350). The primeval history sets out the author's (or authors') concepts of the nature of the deity and of humankind's relationship with its maker: God creates a world which is good and fit for mankind, but when man corrupts it with sin God decides to destroy his creation, saving only the righteous Noah to reestablish the relationship between man and God. The ancestral history (chapters 12\u201350) tells of the prehistory of Israel, God's chosen people. At God's command Noah's descendant Abraham journeys from his home into the God-given land of Canaan, where he dwells as a sojourner, as does his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob. Jacob's name is changed to Israel, and through the agency of his son Joseph, the children of Israel descend into Egypt, 70 people in all with their households, and God promises them a future of greatness. Genesis ends with Israel in Egypt, ready for the coming of Moses and the Exodus. The narrative is punctuated by a series of covenants with God, successively narrowing in scope from all mankind (the covenant with Noah) to a special relationship with one people alone (Abraham and his descendants through Isaac and Jacob).In Judaism, the theological importance of Genesis centers on the covenants linking God to his chosen people and the people to the Promised Land. Christianity has interpreted Genesis as the prefiguration of certain cardinal Christian beliefs, primarily the need for salvation (the hope or assurance of all Christians) and the redemptive act of Christ on the Cross as the fulfillment of covenant promises as the Son of God.\nTradition credits Moses as the author of Genesis, as well as the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and most of Deuteronomy, but modern scholars increasingly see them as a product of the 6th and 5th centuries BC.", "Q109059": "Franz Peter Knoodt (6 November 1811 \u2013 27 January 1889) was a German Catholic theologian who was a native of Boppard.\n\nHe studied theology in Bonn und T\u00fcbingen, and later worked as a chaplain and teacher in Trier. In 1841-43 he furthered his studies in Vienna, where he was a student of Anton G\u00fcnther (1783-1863). In 1844 he earned his doctorate of theology at Breslau, and in 1845 became a professor of philosophy at the Catholic faculty of theology at the University of Bonn. From May 1848 to February 1849 he was a member of the Frankfurt National Assembly.Knoodt was an ardent follower of the philosophical teachings of Anton G\u00fcnther, and several years after G\u00fcnther's death, he published the biographical Anton G\u00fcnther. Eine Biographie (1881, 2 volumes). This work has been praised as an important source of Catholic church history. Another noted work of Knoodt's was G\u00fcnther und Clemens; Offene Briefe (G\u00fcnther and Franz Jakob Clemens; Open Letters, 1853\u201354). Both publications were placed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (List of Prohibited Books) by the Roman Catholic Church.", "Q234360": "Ruby Dee (October 27, 1922 \u2013 June 11, 2014) was an American actress, poet, playwright, screenwriter, journalist, and civil rights activist. She is perhaps best known for originating the role of \"Ruth Younger\" in the stage and film versions of A Raisin in the Sun (1961). Her other notable film roles include The Jackie Robinson Story (1950) and Do the Right Thing (1989).\nDee was married to Ossie Davis, with whom she frequently performed until his death in 2005.For her performance as Mahalee Lucas in American Gangster (2007), Dee was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Female Actor in a Supporting Role. Dee was a Grammy, Emmy, Obie and Drama Desk winner. She was also a National Medal of Arts, Kennedy Center Honors and Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award recipient.", "Q1093404": "Clarence Greenwood (born May 20, 1968), also known by his stage name, Citizen Cope, is an American songwriter, producer and performer. His music is commonly described as a mix of blues, soul, folk, and rock. Citizen Cope's compositions have been recorded by Carlos Santana, Dido, Pharoahe Monch and Richie Havens. He currently records and produces for his own record label, Rainwater Recordings, which he founded in 2010. He had previously been signed to Capitol, Arista, DreamWorks and RCA. On March 1, 2019, he self-released his first album in six years, Heroin and Helicopters.", "Q97489": "Clytus Gottwald (born 20 November 1925) is a German composer, conductor and musicologist, focused on chorale music. He is known for his arrangements for a vocal ensemble of up to 16 voices.", "Q23892": "Africa Screams is a 1949 American adventure comedy film directed by Charles Barton and starring Abbott and Costello. It parodies the safari genre. The title is a play on the title of the 1930 documentary Africa Speaks! The supporting cast features Clyde Beatty, Frank Buck, Hillary Brooke, Max Baer, Buddy Baer, Shemp Howard, and Joe Besser. The film entered the public domain in 1977.", "Q862086": "Indians are the nationals and citizens of India, the second most populous nation in the world, containing 17.50% of the world's population. The term \"Indian\" refers to nationality, rather than a particular ethnicity or language; the Indian nationality consists of dozens of regional ethno-linguistic groups, reflecting the rich and complex history of the country. Due to emigration, the Indian diaspora is present throughout the world, notably in other parts of Asia, North America, Europe, the Caribbean, Oceania, and Africa.The demonymn Indian today applies to nationals of the Republic of India, although before the partition of India in 1947, nationals residing in the entirety of British India (including what is now Pakistan and Bangladesh) were known as Indians as well. In Canada, the Caribbean, and the United States, the term Asian Indian and East Indian is sometimes used to avoid confusion with First Nations in Canada, the indigenous people of the Caribbean, and Native Americans in US, which are also commonly known as \"Indian\".", "Q1699414": "John Charles Brim (April 10, 1922 \u2013 October 1, 2003) was an American Chicago blues guitarist, songwriter and singer. He wrote and recorded the song \"Ice Cream Man\" (later covered by the band Van Halen on its first album, by Martin Sexton on his 2001 album, Live Wide Open, by David Lee Roth on his album Diamond Dave and by Swedish band FJK as \"Isglasskis\").\n\n", "Q108347": "Walter Romberg (27 December 1928 \u2013 23 May 2014) was a German politician and the last finance minister of East Germany.", "Q3164839": "Jean-Claude Beton (January 14, 1925 \u2013 December 2, 2013) was an Algerian-born French businessman, agricultural engineer and entrepreneur. Beton was the founder of the French soft drink maker, Orangina. He is credited with transforming Orangina from a little known citrus soda first manufactured by his father, L\u00e9on Beton, into a major global brand. Beton launched Orangina's iconic, signature 8-ounce bottle in 1951, which became a symbol of the brand. The bottle is shaped like an orange, with a glass texture designed to mimic the fruit. In 2009, Beton called Orangina the \"champagne of soft drinks,\" saying that \"It doesn't contain added colorants. It was and still is slightly sparkling. It had a little bulby bottle.\"", "Q336205": "Christopher Samuel Tugendhat, Baron Tugendhat (born 23 February 1937) is a British Conservative politician, businessman, company director, journalist and author. He was a member of Parliament from 1970 to 1977; then a member of the European Commission; and in 1993 was appointed as a life peer, with a seat in the House of Lords, in which he remains active.", "Q982166": "Hiroto Muraoka (\u6751\u5ca1 \u535a\u4eba, Muraoka Hiroto, September 19, 1931 \u2013 March 13, 2017) was a Japanese football player. He played for Japan national team.", "Q485280": "Jesse Albert Stone (November 16, 1901 \u2013 April 1, 1999) was an American rhythm and blues musician and songwriter whose influence spanned a wide range of genres. He also used the pseudonyms Charles Calhoun and Chuck Calhoun. His best-known composition as Calhoun was \"Shake, Rattle and Roll\".Ahmet Erteg\u00fcn once stated that \"Jesse Stone did more to develop the basic rock 'n' roll sound than anybody else.\"", "Q192279": "Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0439; 10 January 1883 [O.S. 29 December 1882] \u2013 23 February 1945), nicknamed the Comrade Count, was a Russian and Soviet writer who wrote in many genres but specialized in science fiction and in historical novels.\nDuring World War II he served on the Extraordinary State Commission of 1942-1947 which \"ascertained without reasonable doubt\" the mass extermination of people in gas vans by the German occupiers. During the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals, Soviet prosecutors recognized his work in the investigation of atrocities committed in the Stavropol region.", "Q178878": "B\u00e9k\u00e9scsaba (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8be\u02d0ke\u02d0\u0283t\u0361\u0283\u0252b\u0252]; see also other alternative names) is a city in Southeast Hungary, the capital of the county B\u00e9k\u00e9s.", "Q118154": "Gary \"Mani\" Mounfield (born 16 November 1962) is an English rock bassist, best known for being a member of the Stone Roses and Primal Scream.", "Q505480": "John Harvard, (June 4, 1938 \u2013 January 9, 2016) was a Canadian journalist, politician and office holder in Manitoba. He served as a federal Member of Parliament from 1988 to 2004, and was appointed the 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba just before Canada's 2004 federal election.", "Q890204": "David Alexander Hess (September 19, 1936 \u2013 October 7, 2011) was an American actor, singer, songwriter, and director. He came to prominence for his portrayals of murderous villains and gruff characters in several films in the 1970s and 1980s. \nHess originally worked as a songwriter in the 1950s, co-writing songs recorded by Elvis Presley and Pat Boone, but garnered international attention for his feature film debut portraying Krug Stillo in Wes Craven's exploitation horror film The Last House on the Left (1972). He played several hard-edged roles as criminals and rapists in the Italian films Hitch-Hike (1977) and The House on the Edge of the Park (1980) as well as had a supporting role in Craven's Swamp Thing (1982). He made his directorial debut with the slasher film To All a Goodnight (1980). \nIn his later life, Hess was affiliated with the California Film Institute, where he taught improvisational theater in the institute's youth programs. He died of a heart attack on October 7, 2011 near his home in Tiburon, California after attending a local concert.\n\n", "Q725924": "Ashley Kahn is an American music historian, journalist, and producer.\nIn 2014, Kahn co-authored the autobiography of Carlos Santana, titled The Universal Tone: Bringing My Story To Light. To date, his most critically acclaimed books have been on two major jazz albums, Kind of Blue by Miles Davis and A Love Supreme by John Coltrane. He pens articles, interviews and other features on music, and is a prolific liner note writer for a variety of music labels, and for which he has earned three ASCAP/Deems Taylor awards, and three Grammy nominations. In 2015, he was awarded a Grammy for his album notes to the John Coltrane release Offering: Live at Temple University.", "Q298920": "Charles Monroe \"Sparky\" Schulz (; November 26, 1922 \u2013 February 12, 2000) was an American cartoonist and creator of the comic strip Peanuts (which featured the characters Charlie Brown and Snoopy, among others). He is widely regarded as one of the most influential cartoonists of all time, cited by cartoonists including Jim Davis, Bill Watterson, Matt Groening, Dav Pilkey and Stephan Pastis.", "Q565374": "Martin Trevor Heinrich (; born October 17, 1971) is an American politician and businessman serving as the junior United States Senator from New Mexico since 2013.\nA native of Fallon, Nevada, Heinrich has lived much of his adulthood in New Mexico, specifically Albuquerque. As a member of the Democratic Party, he was the U.S. Representative for New Mexico's 1st congressional district from 2009 to 2013. He then won the Senate seat vacated by retiring Senator Jeff Bingaman in 2012. Heinrich was mentioned as a possible nominee for Vice President of the United States in 2016 under Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton. Senator Tim Kaine from Virginia was later selected instead.\nHeinrich will become the senior Senator and dean of New Mexico's congressional delegation when Tom Udall retires from the Senate in 2021.", "Q1399185": "Fazla (born Muhamed Fazlagi\u0107, Cyrilic: \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434 \u0424\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438\u045b; 17 April 1967 in Sarajevo) is a singer from Bosnia and Herzegovina.\n\n", "Q326002": "Tom Hooker or Thomas Barbey (born Thomas Beecher Hooker on November 18, 1957) is an American singer and photographer. He was the voice and one of the songwriters behind most songs for popular Italo disco artist Den Harrow.", "Q572608": "James Moyer Franks (born August 27, 1972), better known by his stage name Jimmy Pop (originally Jimmy Pop Ali), is an American rapper, musician, singer and composer. He is best known as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, primary songwriter, and one of the founding members of the comedic pop-rock band Bloodhound Gang.", "Q949565": "Laura Mersini-Houghton (n\u00e9e Mersini) is an Albanian-American cosmologist and theoretical physicist, and professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is a proponent of the multiverse hypothesis and the author of a theory for the origin of the universe that holds that our universe is one of many selected by quantum gravitational dynamics of matter and energy. Predictions of her theory have been successfully tested by astrophysical data. She argues that anomalies in the current structure of the universe are best explained as the gravitational tug exerted by other universes.", "Q55910": "Jerzy Karol Buzek [\u02c8j\u025b\u0290\u0268 \u02c8buz\u025bk] (listen) (born 3 July 1940) is a Polish politician and Member of the European Parliament from Poland. He has served as Prime Minister of Poland from 1997 to 2001, since being elected to the European Parliament in 2004, he has served as President of the European Parliament between 2009 and 2012. He is married to Ludgarda Buzek and is the father of Polish actress Agata Buzek.", "Q874828": "G\u00e1bor Csup\u00f3 ( GAH-bor CHOO-poh, Hungarian: [\u02c8\u0261a\u02d0bor \u02c8t\u0283upo\u02d0]; born September 29, 1952) is a Hungarian\u2013American animator, writer, director, producer and graphic designer. He is co-founder of the animation studio Klasky Csupo, which has produced shows like Rugrats, Duckman, and Aaahh!!! Real Monsters.", "Q1334617": "Raymond Scott (born Harry Warnow, September 10, 1908 \u2013 February 8, 1994) was an American composer, band leader, pianist, record producer, and inventor of electronic instruments.\nThough Scott never scored cartoon soundtracks, his music is familiar to millions because Carl Stalling adapted it in over 120 Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, Daffy Duck, and other Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons. His compositions may also be heard in The Ren and Stimpy Show (which uses Scott's recordings in twelve episodes), The Simpsons, Duckman, Animaniacs, The Oblongs, and Batfink. The only time he composed to accompany animation was three 20-second commercial jingles for County Fair Bread in 1962.", "Q118140": "Manfred Ackermann (born 1 November 1898 in Mikulov (Moravia), died 16 June 1991 in Vienna) was an Austrian Social Democratic politician and trade union official in Austria and the United States.\nAckermann served in the Austrian forces during World War I. After returning to civilian life, he became involved in trade union activities and the Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei (SDAP).\nThe SDAP was banned in the 1930s and Ackermann was arrested in March 1934, after the Austrian Civil War, and held until summer, 1935 in W\u00f6llersdorf detention camp. He was re-arrested in November 1937 as a result of working illegally and held until Schuschnigg's general amnesty in March 1938.\nAfter the Anschluss of Austria by Germany in 1938, Ackermann was, as a Socialist and a Jew, obliged to flee the Nazis. After passing through Italy, Switzerland and Belgium, he lived in Paris, but in 1939 he was imprisoned by the French in Colombes and Montargis. He was subsequently able to go, via Spain and Portugal, to the United States where he worked and was again active in trades unions.\nAckermann retired in 1964 and returned to Austria. He lectured there until his death in 1991 and was one of the initiators of the Contact Committee of the Federation of Socialist Youth freedom fighters. His urn is held at Feuerhalle Simmering in Vienna.\nManfred Ackermann was married to Paula Popp.", "Q350194": "Alan Hugh Dale (born 6 May 1947) is a New Zealand-born actor. As a child, Dale enjoyed theatre and rugby. After retiring from the sport, he took on a number of professions, before deciding to become a professional actor at age 27. With work limited in New Zealand, Dale moved to Australia, where he played Dr. John Forrest in The Young Doctors from 1979 to 1982. He later appeared as Jim Robinson in Neighbours, a part he played from 1985 until 1993. He left the series when he fell out with the producers over the pay he and the rest of the cast received. In 2018 it was revealed that Dale would reprise his role as Jim for one episode on December 25, 25 years after his last appearance.\nAfter leaving Neighbours, Dale found he had become typecast as Jim Robinson in Australia and struggled to find work. His career was revitalised after he relocated to the United States in 2000. Since then, he has had roles in many American series including prominent parts in The O.C. (as Caleb Nichol) and Ugly Betty (as Bradford Meade), as well as recurring and guest roles in Lost, 24, NCIS, ER, The West Wing, The X-Files, Entourage and Once Upon a Time. Dale has also appeared in minor roles in films such as Star Trek Nemesis, Hollywood Homicide, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and Captain America: The Winter Soldier, as well as the London West End production of Spamalot. Dale has been married to former Miss Australia Tracey Pearson since 1990 and has four children. Since 2017, he has starred in the soap opera Dynasty as Joseph Anders.", "Q5244175": "DeWitt Clinton High School is a public high school located since 1929 in The Bronx, New York, United States. Opened in 1897 in Lower Manhattan and initially operated as an all-boys school, it maintained that status for nearly 100 years. In 1983 it became co-ed. From its original building on West 13th Street in Manhattan, it moved in 1906 to its second home on 59th Street and Tenth Avenue (now the site of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice). In 1929 the school moved to its present home on Mosholu Parkway in the Bronx.\nAfter more than a century of operations, producing a raft of accomplished alumni, DeWitt Clinton High School in the early 21st century has faced serious problems involving student performance and security.", "Q2007053": "Vladimir Petrovich Yevtushenkov (Evtushenkov) (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u0432\u0442\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432; born 25 September 1948) is a Russian billionaire business oligarch. He is the majority owner and chairman of Sistema.", "Q485294": "Leoben (German pronunciation: [le\u02c8o\u02d0bn\u0329]) is a Styrian city in central Austria, located on the Mur river. With a population of about 25,000 it is a local industrial centre and hosts the University of Leoben, which specialises in mining. The Peace of Leoben, an armistice between Austria and France preliminary to the Treaty of Campo Formio, was signed in Leoben in 1797.\nThe Justice Centre Leoben is a prison designed by architect Josef Hohensinn, which was completed in 2005.", "Q5972": "Medan (Indonesian pronunciation: [me\u02c8dan] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of North Sumatra. A regional hub and financial centre of Sumatra, it is regarded as one of the four main central cities of Indonesia, alongside Jakarta, Surabaya, and Makassar. Medan has a population of over 2.2 million within its city limits, and over 3.4 million in its built-up urban area, making it the fourth largest urban area in Indonesia. The Medan metropolitan area\u2014which includes neighbouring Binjai, Deli Serdang Regency, and a part of Karo Regency\u2014is the largest metropolitan area outside of Java, with 4.6 million residents. Medan is a multicultural metropolis and a busy trading city bordered by the Strait of Malacca. A gateway to the western part of Indonesia, Medan is supported by the Port of Belawan and Kualanamu International Airport, both of which are connected to the city centre via toll road and railway.\nThe city was founded by Guru Patimpus, a Karonese man who named a swampy land in confluence of Deli River and Babura river as Kampung Medan Putri. It later became a part of the Deli Sultanate which was established by Tuanku Gocah Pahlawan in 1632. In the 18th century, its eighth king, Sultan Mahmud Al Rasyid Perkasa Alam, worked with Jacob Nienhuys, a Dutch tobacco merchant, who pioneered the opening of tobacco plantations in Medan. With the help from the 9th Sultanate Sultan Ma'mun Al Rasyid Perkasa Alam, and also the well-known Chinese businessmen Tjong Yong Hian and Tjong A Fie, the rapid development of the economy transformed Medan into a big trading center with the nickname het land dollar, aka the land of the money. The Deli Railway was established for shipping rubber, tea, timber, palm oil, and sugar industries from the city to the Port of Belawan. Medan was briefly the capital of the State of East Sumatra in 1947, before it became the provincial capital of North Sumatra in mid-1950.\nMedan was dubbed by the Dutch Parijs van Sumatra due to the city's resemblance to Paris. Lamudi, a worldwide real estate portal, recognized Medan as one among six cities in Asia to feature and preserve several colonial architectural sites, while accompanying its growth as a metropolitan city. Medan is also known as the \"City of Million Shophouses\", as the majority of the population work in the trade sector, opening shops right under their houses. In recent years, the city has undergone rapid development, which made the residential property prices in Medan trend upward. According to Bank Indonesia (BI), Medan's residential property price index rose from 205.24 in the fourth quarter of 2013 to 212.17 in the fourth quarter of 2014, and to 214.41 in the first quarter of 2015.\n\n", "Q644464": "Akershus Fortress (Norwegian: Akershus Festning) or Akershus Castle (Norwegian: Akershus slott) is a medieval castle in the Norwegian capital Oslo that was built to protect and provide a royal residence for the city. Since the middle ages the fortress was the namesake and centre of the main fief and later main county of Akershus, which was originally one of Norway's four main regions and which included most of Eastern Norway. The fortress itself was located within Akershus main county until 1919, and also within the smaller Akershus sub county until 1842.\nThe castle has also been used as a military base, a prison and is currently the temporary office of the Prime minister of Norway.", "Q70560": "Heinz Wilhelm Guderian (German: [\u0261u\u02c8de\u02d0\u0281i\u032fan]; 17 June 1888 \u2013 14 May 1954) was a German general during World War II who, after the war, became a successful memoirist. An early pioneer and advocate of the \"blitzkrieg\" approach, he played a central role in the development of the panzer division concept. In 1936, he became the Inspector of Motorized Troops.\nAt the beginning of the Second World War, Guderian led an armoured corps in the Invasion of Poland. During the Invasion of France, he commanded the armoured units that attacked through the Ardennes forest and overwhelmed the Allied defenses at the Battle of Sedan. He led the 2nd Panzer Army during Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. The campaign ended in failure after the German offensive Operation Typhoon failed to capture Moscow, after which Guderian was dismissed.\nIn early 1943, Adolf Hitler appointed Guderian to the newly created position of Inspector General of Armoured Troops. In this role, he had broad responsibility to rebuild and train new panzer forces but saw limited success due to Germany's worsening war economy. Guderian was appointed Acting Chief of the General Staff of the Army High Command, immediately following the 20 July Plot to assassinate Hitler.\nGuderian was placed in charge of the \"Court of Honour\" by Hitler, which in the aftermath of the plot was used to dismiss people from the military so they could be tried in the \"People's Court\" and executed. He was Hitler's personal advisor on the Eastern Front and became closely associated with the Nazi regime. Guderian's troops carried out the criminal Commissar Order during Barbarossa, and he was implicated in the commission of reprisals after the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.\nGuderian surrendered to the United States forces on 10 May 1945 and was interned until 1948. He was released without charge and retired to write his memoirs. Entitled Panzer Leader, the autobiography became a bestseller, widely read to this day. Guderian's writings promoted several post-war myths, including that of the \"clean Wehrmacht\". In his autobiography, Guderian portrayed himself as the sole originator of the German panzer force; he omitted any mention of his relationship with Hitler and the Nazi regime or of war crimes. Guderian died in 1954 and was buried in Goslar.", "Q113015": "Karl Ludwig August Friedrich Maximilian Alfred, Freiherr von Prel, or, in French, Carl Ludwig August Friedrich Maximilian Alfred, Baron du Prel (3 April 1839 \u2013 4 August 1899), was a German philosopher and writer on mysticism and the occult. In the literature it has become customary to refer to him under various abbreviated French forms of his name, usually \"Carl Du Prel,\" \"Baron Carl Du Prel,\" or simply \"Baron Du Prel.\"", "Q198026": "Zhou Xiaochuan (Chinese: \u5468\u5c0f\u5ddd; pinyin: Zh\u014du Xi\u01ceochu\u0101n) (born January 29, 1948) is a Chinese economist, banker, reformist and bureaucrat. Zhou was best known for his term as the Governor of the People's Bank of China, a position in which he served from 2002 to 2018. He was longest-serving central bank chief since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, steering the monetary policy of an economy amid structural transformation.\nDuring his tenure, China became the second largest economy in the world and a consequential player in global financial markets. As such, Zhou was consistently ranked among the most influential global policy makers of his generation.Zhou has previously held leading posts in trade and financial organizations, serving as Vice-Governor of the People's Bank of China, Director of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, Governor of China Construction Bank, and Chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission. He retired in 2018 after serving for several years past the typical retirement age for officials of his rank.\n\n", "Q324615": "The House That Dripped Blood is a 1971 British horror anthology film directed by Peter Duffell and distributed by Amicus Productions. It stars Christopher Lee, Peter Cushing, Nyree Dawn Porter, Denholm Elliott, and Jon Pertwee. The film is a collection of four short stories, all originally written and subsequently scripted by Robert Bloch, linked by the protagonist of each story's association with the eponymous building.", "Q188235": "James Travis Tritt (born February 9, 1963) is an American country music singer, songwriter, and actor. He signed to Warner Bros. Records in 1989, releasing seven studio albums and a greatest hits package for the label between then and 1999. In the 2000s, he released three studio albums on Columbia Records and one for the now defunct Category 5 Records. Seven of his albums (counting the Greatest Hits) are certified platinum or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA); the highest-certified is 1991's It's All About to Change, which is certified triple-platinum. Tritt has also charted more than 40 times on the Hot Country Songs charts, including five number ones \u2014 \"Help Me Hold On,\" \"Anymore,\" \"Can I Trust You with My Heart,\" \"Foolish Pride\", and \"Best of Intentions\" \u2014 and 15 additional top ten singles. Tritt's musical style is defined by mainstream country and Southern rock influences.\nHe has received two Grammy Awards, both for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals: in 1992 for \"The Whiskey Ain't Workin',\" a duet with Marty Stuart, and again in 1998 for \"Same Old Train\", a collaboration with Stuart and nine other artists. In addition, he has received four awards from the Country Music Association, and has been a member of the Grand Ole Opry since 1992.", "Q153431": "Ta\u0165\u00e1na Gregor Brzobohat\u00e1, n\u00e9e Ta\u0165\u00e1na Kucha\u0159ov\u00e1 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8taca\u02d0na \u02c8kuxar\u031dova\u02d0]; born 23 December 1987) is a Czech actress, dancer, model and beauty queen who won the title of Miss Czech Republic and Miss World 2006. In doing so, she made history to become the first woman from the Czech Republic ever to win the title at the final event of the Miss World competition, held on 30 September 2006, in Warsaw, Poland. She finished in second place in StarDance, the Czech version of Dancing with the Stars, in 2013.", "Q710747": "J\u00f8rgen Skafte Rasmussen (30 July 1878 \u2013 12 August 1964) was a Danish engineer and industrialist.", "Q850746": "Kazuyoshi Morita (\u68ee\u7530 \u4e00\u7fa9, Morita Kazuyoshi, born 22 August 1945 in Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture), known by his stage name Tamori (\u30bf\u30e2\u30ea) (an anagram of his surname), is a Japanese television celebrity. Known for his trademark dark sunglasses, Tamori is one of the \"big three\" television comedians in Japan along with Takeshi Kitano (a.k.a. Beat Takeshi) and Sanma Akashiya. For more than 30 years he hosted Waratte Iitomo! (\"It's OK to laugh!\"), a nationally televised live show broadcast every weekday at noon from October 1982 until March 2014. His likeness is the basis for the Piranha Plant in All Night Nippon Super Mario Bros.", "Q741508": "Bert Gentry Lee (born 1942) is an American scientist, currently chief engineer for the Planetary Flight Systems Directorate at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and science fiction writer. He had engineering oversight responsibility for the twin rover missions to Mars that landed in January 2004, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) in 2006, and the Deep Impact and Stardust missions. He was also the chief engineer for the Galileo project from 1977\u20131988 and director of science analysis and mission planning during the Viking projects.As an author he is best known for co-writing, with Arthur C. Clarke, the books Cradle in 1989, Rama II in 1989, The Garden of Rama in 1991 and Rama Revealed in 1993. He collaborated with Carl Sagan on the 1980 series Cosmos.\nRendezvous With Rama was written in 1972 and Clarke had no intention of writing a sequel. Lee turned the Rama series into a more character-driven story following the adventures of Nicole des Jardins Wakefield, who becomes the main character in Rama II, The Garden of Rama, and Rama Revealed. When asked, Arthur C. Clarke said that Gentry Lee did the writing while he was a source of ideas.Lee went on to write three more science fiction novels after Rama Revealed. Two take place in the Rama universe (Bright Messengers, Double Full Moon Night) while one makes several references to it (Tranquility Wars).\nIn 2009, Gentry narrated and appeared in Discovery Channel's 2-hour special \"Are We Alone?\", which examined the possibility of life on other worlds in the solar system.", "Q1825876": "Linda Lyndell (born as Linda Rowland, November 22, 1946) is an American soul singer from Gainesville, Florida.\nLyndell sang in gospel churches as a child; though she was white, she sang in both white and black churches, and eventually began singing with R&B groups as a teenager. In the 1960s she sang as a support act with James Brown and Ike & Tina Turner, and in 1967 Atlanta disc jockey Dave Crawford introduced her to Stax Records producers Isaac Hayes and David Porter. They recorded her first single, \"Bring Your Love Back to Me\", in December 1967 and released it on Volt Records, but the song did not become a hit. In 1968 she did a second session, cutting the tune \"What a Man\"; this song reached #50 on the Billboard R&B charts. In response to the release of her single, she received threats from white supremacist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, and retired from performance soon after. She remained out of music and lived in Gainesville for the next 25 years.\nIn 1993, rap group Salt-n-Pepa sampled \"What a Man\" for their hit single \"Whatta Man\", which was a massive hit. In the wake of the single's success, Lyndell began performing again, and in 2003, at the opening of the Stax Museum, she performed \"What a Man\" live for the first time ever. In 2011, the German singer Lena Meyer-Landrut (credited as Lena) covered the song while retaining the original title and lyrics.", "Q188553": "The Batavian Republic (Dutch: Bataafse Republiek; French: R\u00e9publique Batave) was the successor of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. It was proclaimed on 19 January 1795 and ended on 5 June 1806, with the accession of Louis I to the throne of Holland. From October 1801 onward, it was known as the Batavian Commonwealth (Dutch: Bataafs Gemenebest). Both names refer to the Germanic tribe of the Batavi, representing both the Dutch ancestry and their ancient quest for liberty in their nationalistic lore.\nIn early 1795, intervention by French revolutionary forces led to the downfall of the old Dutch Republic. The new Republic enjoyed widespread support from the Dutch population and was the product of a genuine popular revolution. Nevertheless, it clearly was founded with the armed support of the revolutionary French Republic. The Batavian Republic became a client state, the first of the \"sister-republics\", and later part of the French Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte. Its politics were deeply influenced by the French, who supported no fewer than three coups d'\u00e9tat to bring the different political factions to power that France favored at different moments in its own political development. Nevertheless, the process of creating a written Dutch constitution was mainly driven by internal political factors, not by French influence, until Napoleon forced the Dutch government to accept his brother as monarch.The political, economic, and social reforms that were brought about during the relatively short duration of the Batavian Republic have had a lasting impact. The confederal structure of the old Dutch Republic was permanently replaced by a unitary state. For the first time in Dutch history, the constitution that was adopted in 1798 had a genuinely democratic character. For a while, the Republic was governed democratically, although the coup d'\u00e9tat of 1801 put an authoritarian regime in power, after another change to the constitution. Nevertheless, the memory of this brief experiment with democracy helped smooth the transition to a more democratic government in 1848 (the constitutional revision by Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, limiting the power of the king). A type of ministerial government was introduced for the first time in Dutch history and many of the current government departments date their history back to this period.\nThough the Batavian Republic was a client state, its successive governments tried their best to maintain a modicum of independence and to serve Dutch interests even where those clashed with those of their French overseers. This perceived obduracy led to the eventual demise of the Republic when the short-lived experiment with the (again authoritarian) regime of \"Grand Pensionary\" Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck produced insufficient docility in the eyes of Napoleon. The new king, Louis Bonaparte (Napoleon's own brother), surprisingly did not slavishly follow French dictates either, leading to his downfall.", "Q173087": "Alessandro \"Sandro\" Nannini (born 7 July 1959) is a former racing driver from Italy. He is the younger brother of rock-singer Gianna Nannini. His five-year F1 career resulted in a win at the 1989 Japanese Grand Prix but ended less than a year later after a helicopter crash severed his right forearm.", "Q69757": "Prilly (French pronunciation: \u200b[p\u0281iji]) is a municipality in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Ouest Lausannois. It is one of the western suburbs of the city of Lausanne.", "Q92283": "Ilse Hess, n\u00e9e Pr\u00f6hl (22 June 1900 \u2013 7 September 1995) was the wife of Rudolf Hess. After World War II she became a well-known author.", "Q187660": "Charles Frederick Powlett, 2nd Baron Bayning (26 September 1785 \u2013 2 August 1823), known as the Honourable Charles Townshend from 1797 to 1810, was a British peer and Tory Member of Parliament.\nBayning was the eldest son of Charles Townshend, 1st Baron Bayning, son of William Townshend and Henrietta Powlett. His mother was Annabella Smith-Powlett, daughter of Reverend Richard Smith and Annabella Powlett. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1808 Bayning was elected to the House of Commons for Truro, a seat he held until 1810, when he succeeded his father in the barony and entered the House of Lords. In 1821 he assumed by Royal Licence the surname of Powlett in lieu of Townshend. He lived at Honingham Hall in Norfolk.Lord Bayning died in August 1823, aged 37. He never married and was succeeded in the barony by his younger brother Henry.", "Q3129093": "Heather Louise McCartney (born Heather Louise See; December 31, 1962) is an American-British potter and artist who is the daughter of Linda McCartney and stepdaughter of Sir Paul McCartney.", "Q154438": "Franz Seraphicus Grillparzer (15 January 1791 \u2013 21 January 1872) was an Austrian writer who is chiefly known for his dramas. He also wrote the oration for Ludwig van Beethoven's funeral.", "Q387814": "Jenna Michelle Boyd (born March 4, 1993) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in the feature films The Missing and The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants and the Netflix series Atypical.", "Q76677": "Laura Berlin (born 1990 in Berlin) is a German actress and model.\n\n", "Q189895": "Jennifer Jones (born Phylis Lee Isley; March 2, 1919 \u2013 December 17, 2009), also known as Jennifer Jones Simon, was an American actress and mental health advocate. Over the course of her career that spanned over five decades, she was nominated for the Oscar five times, including one win for Best Actress, as well as a Golden Globe Award win for Best Actress in a Drama. Jones is among the youngest actresses to receive an Academy Award, having won on her 25th birthday.\nA native of Tulsa, Oklahoma, Jones worked as a model in her youth before transitioning to acting, appearing in two serial films in 1939. Her third role was a lead part as Bernadette Soubirous in The Song of Bernadette (1943), which earned her the Academy Award and Golden Globe for Best Actress that year. She went on to star in several films that garnered her significant critical acclaim and a further three Academy Award nominations in the mid 1940s, including Since You Went Away (1944), Love Letters (1945), and Duel in the Sun (1946).\nIn 1949, Jones married film producer David O. Selznick, and appeared as the titular Madame Bovary in Vincente Minnelli's 1949 adaptation. She appeared in several films throughout the 1950s, including Ruby Gentry (1952), John Huston's adventure comedy Beat the Devil (1953), and Vittorio De Sica's drama Terminal Station (also 1953). Jones earned her fifth Academy Award nomination for her performance as a Eurasian doctor in Love is a Many-Splendored Thing (1955).\nAfter Selznick's death in 1965, Jones married industrialist Norton Simon and went into semi-retirement. She made her final film appearance in The Towering Inferno (1974). Jones suffered from mental health problems during her life and survived a 1966 suicide attempt in which she jumped from a cliff in Malibu Beach. After her own daughter committed suicide in 1976, Jones became profoundly interested in mental health education. In 1980, she founded the Jennifer Jones Simon Foundation for Mental Health and Education. She spent the remainder of her life withdrawn from the public, residing in Malibu, California, where she died in 2009, aged 90.\n\n", "Q82090": "Aleksander B\u0142a\u017cej Prystor (Polish: [al\u025b\u02c8ksand\u025br \u02c8pr\u0268st\u0254r]; 2 January 1874 \u2013 1941) was a Polish politician, activist, soldier and freemason, who served as 23rd Prime Minister of Poland from 1931 to 1933. He was a member of the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party and in 1908 took part in the Bezdany raid. Between 1912 and 1917 he spent in Russian prisons before being released in 1917. In March 1917 he joined Polish Military Organisation. After independce he became secretary in the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare. He fought as a volunteer in the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1920. He worked for few ministries (Labour, Industry and Commerce). Between 1931 and 1933 he served as Prime Minister of Poland. After that he became the Marshal of the Polish Senate 1935-1938.\nAfter the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, he fled to neutral Lithuania. After Lithuania was annexed by the USSR he was arrested in June 1940 by the NKVD; he died probably in 1941 (the date is not known) in the prison hospital of the Butyrka prison in Moscow.\n\n", "Q105111": "Miriam Meckel, (born July 18, 1967), is a German journalist and professor for Corporate Communication, editor and publisher of the German magazine Wirtschaftswoche and Director of the Institute for Media and Communication Management at the University of St. Gallen in Switzerland.\nIn November 2014, Miriam Meckel was appointed editor-in-chief of Germany's leading business weekly Wirtschaftswoche, as the first woman to hold that position. In April 2017, she became the Publisher of the magazine.From 2001-2005, Miriam Meckel served as the State Secretary at the department of the Premier of the German State of North Rhine-Westphalia and government spokeswoman, later on the State Secretary for Europe, International Affairs and Media. From 1999 to 2001 she was a professor for Communication Sciences at the University of M\u00fcnster in Germany. Her publications include texts on media economics, communication and cyberpolitics - in 2010 she wrote about her experience with burn-out syndrome. Her book became the basis for an award-winning television movie in 2016.As a member of international jury of the Development Gateway Foundation of the World Bank she was instrumental in designing the Development Gateway Award (Petersberg Prize).\nIn November 2001 Meckel received the Cicero Award for best speech in the academia category.", "Q962": "Benin ( (listen) ben-EEN, bin-EEN; French: B\u00e9nin [ben\u025b\u0303]), officially the Republic of Benin (French: R\u00e9publique du B\u00e9nin) and formerly Dahomey (1960\u20131975), is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the north-west, and Niger to the north-east. The majority of its population lives on the small southern coastline of the Bight of Benin, part of the Gulf of Guinea in the northernmost tropical portion of the Atlantic Ocean. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo, but the seat of government is in Cotonou, the country's largest city and economic capital. Benin covers an area of 114,763 square kilometres (44,310 sq mi) and its population in 2018 was estimated to be approximately 11.49 million. Benin is a tropical nation, highly dependent on agriculture, and is a large exporter of cotton and palm oil. Substantial employment and income arise from subsistence farming.The official language of Benin is French, with several indigenous languages such as Fon, Bariba, Yoruba and Dendi also being commonly spoken. The largest religious group in Benin is Roman Catholicism, followed closely by Islam, Vodun (commonly referred to as Voodoo outside the country) and Protestantism. Benin is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, La Francophonie, the Community of Sahel\u2013Saharan States, the African Petroleum Producers Association and the Niger Basin Authority.Little is known of Benin's early history. From the 17th to the 19th century, the main political entities in the area were the Kingdom of Dahomey, along with the city-state of Porto-Novo, and a large area with many different nations to the north. This region was referred to as the Slave Coast from as early as the 17th century due to the large number of enslaved people who were shipped to the New World during the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. After enslavement was abolished, France took over the country and renamed it French Dahomey. In 1960, Dahomey gained full independence from France. The sovereign state has had a tumultuous history since then, with many different democratic governments, military coups, and military governments. A Marxist\u2013Leninist state called the People's Republic of Benin existed between 1975 and 1990. In 1991, it was replaced by the current multi-party Republic of Benin.", "Q85927": "Johann Freinsheim (November 16, 1608 \u2013 August 31, 1660), also known under the Latinized form of the name, Johannes Frenshemius, was a German classical scholar and critic.\nFreinsheim was born at Ulm on November 16, 1608, and after studying at several universities: Marburg, Giessen and Strassburg, he visited France, where he remained for three years.\nFreinsheim returned to Strassburg in 1637, and in 1642 was appointed professor of eloquence and holder of the Skyttean chair at the University of Uppsala. In 1647, he was summoned by Queen Christina to Stockholm to serve as court librarian and royal historiographer. In 1650, he resumed his professorship at Uppsala, but early in the following year he was obliged to resign on account of ill-health. In 1656, he became honorary professor at Heidelberg, and died on August 31, 1660.\nFreinsheim's literary activity was chiefly devoted to the Roman historians. He first introduced the division into chapters and paragraphs, and by means of carefully compiled indexes illustrated the lexical peculiarities of each author. He is best known for his famous supplements to Quintus Curtius and Livy, containing the missing books written by himself.", "Q77569": "Elmar Wepper (born 16 April 1944 in Augsburg) is a German actor best known for dubbing Mel Gibson's voice since the 1980s. \nHis television credits include Der Kommissar, Unsere sch\u00f6nsten Jahre and Zwei M\u00fcnchner in Hamburg. His film credits include Cherry Blossoms, Caf\u00e9 Europa, Lammbock and Dreiviertelmond. He is the younger brother of actor Fritz Wepper.", "Q747179": "Wheaton College is an Evangelical Protestant liberal arts college and graduate school in Wheaton, Illinois. It was founded by evangelical abolitionists in 1860. Wheaton College was a stop on the Underground Railroad and graduated one of Illinois' first African-American college graduates.\nWheaton is noted for its \"twin traditions of quality academics and deep faith,\" according to Time magazine and is ranked 20th among all national liberal arts colleges in the number of alumni who go on to earn PhDs. Wheaton is included in Loren Pope's influential book Colleges That Change Lives. A 2017 article in The Economist described it as one of America's foremost Christian institutions.", "Q322502": "Otis Verries Hicks, known as Lightnin' Slim (March 13, 1913 \u2013 July 27, 1974), was an American Louisiana blues musician, who recorded for Excello Records and played in a style similar to its other Louisiana artists. The blues critic ED Denson ranked him as one of the five great bluesmen of the 1950s, along with Muddy Waters, Little Walter, Howlin' Wolf and Sonny Boy Williamson.", "Q229325": "Gina L. Gershon (born June 10, 1962) is an American actress, singer, and author. She has had roles in the films Cocktail (1988), Showgirls (1995), Bound (1996), Face/Off (1997), The Insider (1999), Demonlover (2002), P.S. I Love You (2007), Five Minarets in New York (2010), Killer Joe (2011) and House of Versace (2013). She has also had supporting roles in FX's Rescue Me and HBO's How to Make It in America. She currently portrays the role of Gladys Jones on The CW teen drama series Riverdale.", "Q68449": "Arogno is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino, located south of Lake Lugano in the southernmost tip of Switzerland.", "Q174930": "Olive Borden (July 14, 1906 \u2013 October 1, 1947) was an American film and stage actress who began her career during the silent film era. She was nicknamed \"The Joy Girl\", after playing the lead in the 1927 film of that same title. Borden was known for her jet-black hair and overall beauty.\nAt the peak of her career in the mid-1920s, Borden was earning $1,500 a week. In 1927, she walked out on her contract with Fox after refusing to take a pay cut. By 1929, her career began to wane due to her rumored reputation for being temperamental and her difficulty transitioning to sound films. She made her last film, Chloe, Love Is Calling You, in 1934 and moved on to stage work for a time. By the late 1930s, she had declared bankruptcy and stopped acting. During World War II, she joined the WACs. She was later honorably discharged with distinction after sustaining a foot injury during service. Borden attempted a comeback in films, however, she was hindered by her alcoholism and health problems.\nIn 1945, she began working at the Sunshine Mission, a home for impoverished women located in the skidrow section of Los Angeles. She died there in October 1947 of a stomach ailment and pneumonia at the age of 41.", "Q90494": "Anton von St\u00f6rck (21 February 1731 \u2013 11 February 1803) was an Austrian physician who was a native of Saulgau in Upper Swabia.\nBoth of St\u00f6rck's parents died when he was young, and he spent his early years as an orphan in a Viennese poorhouse. He studied medicine under Gerard van Swieten in Vienna, and received his degree in 1757. He rose through the academic ranks at the University of Vienna, and would later become deacon of the medical faculty and rector at the University. In 1767 he treated empress Maria Theresa of Austria for smallpox, and after her recovery he became her personal physician.\nSt\u00f6rck is remembered for his clinical research of various herbs, and their associated toxicity and medicinal properties. His studies are considered to be the pioneering work of experimental pharmacology and his method can be regarded as forming a blueprint for the clinical trials of modern medicine. He was convinced that plants regarded as poisonous still had medicinal applications if employed in carefully controlled quantities. St\u00f6rck was particularly interested in the medical possibilities of plants such as hemlock, henbane, jimsonweed and autumn crocus. His experiments with these plants involved a three-step process; initially used on animals, followed by a personal trial, and finally given to his patients, all the while maintaining a \"sliding-scale\" approach to determine the optimum dosage.\nIn 1758, St\u00f6rck became 'first physician' to the Vienna urban institute for the poor. From 1764 he was physician to Emperor Franz I. Stephan of Frankfurt am Maine and the Dukes Joseph and Leopold. He was a member of numerous European scientific societies and was made a Baron in 1775. His brother Matthias, also a doctor, became 'body physician' to the Grand Duke of Toskana and was also made a Baron in 1779. St\u00f6rck's numerous Latin medical tracts, detailing his experiments into the therapeutic effects of poisonous plants, excited great interest and were translated into German, French, English, Dutch and Portuguese, rapidly becoming influential medical texts throughout Europe. Berthold Seemann named Elaeocarpus storckii in his honour.", "Q471315": "Ferruccio Parri (Italian pronunciation: [fer\u02c8rutt\u0283o \u02c8parri]; 19 January 1890 in Pinerolo \u2013 8 December 1981 in Rome) was an Italian partisan and politician who ruled Italy as the 29th Prime Minister of Italy for several months in 1945. During the resistance he was known as Maurizio.", "Q437340": "Jean Reynaud (14 February 1806, Lyon \u2013 28 June 1863, Paris) was a French socialist philosopher.\nHe was a member of the Saint-Simonian community. He was a co-founder of the Encyclop\u00e9die nouvelle.", "Q524328": "This article refers to the British conductor Daniel Harding. For the footballer, please see Dan Harding.\nDaniel Harding (born 31 August 1975) is a British conductor.\nHarding was born in Oxford. He studied trumpet at Chetham's School of Music and was a member of the National Youth Orchestra at age 13. At age 17, Harding assembled a group of musicians to perform Pierrot Lunaire of Arnold Schoenberg, and sent a tape of the performance to Simon Rattle in Birmingham. After listening to this tape, Rattle hired Harding as an assistant to him at the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra for a year, from 1993 to 1994. Harding then attended the University of Cambridge, but after his first year at university, Claudio Abbado named him his assistant with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. Harding first conducted the Berlin Philharmonic at age 21. At the time of his first conducting appearance at The Proms in 1996, he was then the youngest-ever conductor to appear there. Harding has stated that he has never had formal conducting lessons. He is a former Seiji Ozawa Fellow in conducting at Tanglewood Music Center.In 1997, Harding was the Music Director of the Ojai Music Festival alongside pianist Emanuel Ax. Harding has been music director of the Trondheim Symphony Orchestra (1997\u20132000), the Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen (1999\u20132003) and the Mahler Chamber Orchestra (2003\u20132008). Harding now has the title of conductor laureate with the Mahler Chamber Orchestra. He conducted the 2005 opening night at La Scala, Milan in Idomeneo, as a substitute after the resignation of Riccardo Muti earlier in 2005.In 2004, Harding was appointed principal guest conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra (LSO), as of 2006. One of his new projects with the LSO involved the Sound Adventures program for new compositions. With the LSO, he has conducted a commercial recording of the opera Billy Budd for EMI Classics. He became the Principal Conductor of the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra in 2007. In September 2009, he extended his contract as the orchestra's principal conductor through 2012. In April 2013, the orchestra further announced the extension of Harding's contract to 2015. With the orchestra, he has recorded commercially for the Sony Classical label. In June 2015, the Orchestre de Paris announced the appointment of Harding as its 9th principal conductor, effective September 2016. In January 2018, the Orchestre de Paris announced that Harding is to stand down as its principal conductor, following the close of the 2018-2019 season. In October 2018, the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra announced the extension of Harding's contract as principal conductor through 2023, along with granting him the new title of konstn\u00e4rlig ledare (artistic leader).Outside of Europe, in September 2010, Harding took the title of music partner of the New Japan Philharmonic. In April 2012, Harding became artistic director of the Ohga Hall in Karuizawa, Japan.Harding has two children, Adele and George, from his past marriage to B\u00e9atrice Muthelet, a violist and co-principal violist of the Mahler Chamber Orchestra. The marriage ended in divorce. Harding is a particular fan of the football club Manchester United.", "Q64273": "Brittnau is a municipality in the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q126910": "Roque Joaqu\u00edn de Alcubierre (16 August 1702 \u2013 14 March 1780) was a military engineer in the Spanish Army who discovered architectural remains at Pompeii and Herculaneum.", "Q141753": "William Roper (c. 1496 \u2013 4 January 1578) was an English lawyer and member of Parliament. The son of a Kentish gentleman, he married Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas More. He wrote a highly regarded biography of his father-in-law.\n\n", "Q1806077": "Lawrence E. Junstrom (June 22, 1949 \u2013 October 6, 2019) was an American bassist, best known for having been in the rock band .38 Special from 1977 until 2014. He was also one of the founding members of the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd.", "Q80687": "A secretary, administrative professional, or personal assistant is a person whose work consists of supporting management, including executives, using a variety of project management, communication, or organizational skills. However this role should not be confused with the role of an executive secretary, who differs from a personal assistant. In many countries, an executive secretary is a high-ranking position in the administrative hierarchy. In fact in Pakistan, federal secretaries are dubbed as the most influential people in the country.\nThe functions of a personal assistant may be entirely carried out to assist one other employee or may be for the benefit of more than one. In other situations a secretary is an officer of a society or organization who deals with correspondence, admits new members, and organizes official meetings and events.", "Q106418": "Catherine Fabienne Dorl\u00e9ac (born 22 October 1943), known professionally as Catherine Deneuve (; French: [kat\u0281in d\u0259n\u0153v] (listen)), is a French actress as well as an occasional singer, model and producer, \nconsidered one of the best European actresses and the greatest French actress of all time.. She gained recognition for her portrayal of icy, aloof and mysterious beauties for various directors, including Luis Bu\u00f1uel, Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut and Roman Polanski. In 1985, she succeeded Mireille Mathieu as the official face of Marianne, France's national symbol of liberty. A 14-time C\u00e9sar Award nominee, she won for her performances in Truffaut's The Last Metro (1980), for which she also won the David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actress, and R\u00e9gis Wargnier's Indochine (1992).\nDeneuve made her film debut in 1957 and first came to prominence in Jacques Demy's 1964 musical The Umbrellas of Cherbourg. She went on to star in such films as Repulsion (1965), Donkey Skin (1970), Belle de Jour (1967), Tristana (1970) and The Young Girls of Rochefort (1967) opposite her sister, the actress Fran\u00e7oise Dorl\u00e9ac. She was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress for Belle de Jour, and the Academy Award for Best Actress for Indochine. She also won the 1998 Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival for Place Vend\u00f4me. Other notable English-language films include The April Fools (1969), Hustle (1975), The Hunger (1983) and Dancer in the Dark (2000).", "Q1122967": "Hugo Blanco (September 25, 1940 \u2013 June 14, 2015) was a popular Venezuelan musician. He is best known as the author of \"Moliendo Caf\u00e9\" and other songs like \"El Burrito Sabanero\", \"Leche Condensada\", \"Luces de Caracas\", \"Sierra Nevada\" and \"Ma\u00f1anita Zuliana\". \"Moliendo Caf\u00e9\", written in 1958 when Hugo Blanco was only 18 years old, has become one of the most recognized Venezuelan songs in the world.", "Q205817": "The London Borough of Islington ( (listen) IZ-ling-t\u0259n) is a London borough in Inner London. The borough includes a significant area to the south which forms part of central London. Islington has an estimated population of 215,667. It was formed in 1965 by merging the former metropolitan boroughs of Islington and Finsbury.\nThe merged entity remains the second-smallest borough in London and the third-smallest district in England. The borough contains two Westminster parliamentary constituencies, Islington North, the constituency of former Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, and Islington South & Finsbury, the constituency of Emily Thornberry. The local authority is Islington Council. The borough is home to football club Arsenal, one of the most successful clubs in England and its home Emirates Stadium is one of the largest football stadiums in the country.\nThe southern part of the borough, south of the A501 Pentonville Road and City Road, is part of central London and the central London congestion charging zone. A significant part of the southern section of the borough borders the City of London, with the area to the south west bordering the London Borough of Camden. The central London area includes a number of zone 1 stations including Farringdon and Old Street.", "Q356283": "Tobias George Smollett (19 March 1721 (baptised) \u2013 17 September 1771) was a Scottish poet and author. He was best known for his picaresque novels, such as The Adventures of Roderick Random (1748), The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1751) and The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (1771), which influenced later novelists, including Charles Dickens. His novels were amended liberally by printers; a definitive edition of each of his works was edited by Dr O. M. Brack Jr to correct such variations.", "Q111164": "Hans Noever (born 10 May 1928) is a German writer, film director, screenwriter and actor. He directed thirteen films between 1973 and 1986. His 1980 film Der Preis f\u00fcrs \u00dcberleben was entered into the 30th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q157131": "Zoran \u0110in\u0111i\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0417\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0402\u0438\u043d\u0452\u0438\u045b, pronounced [z\u01d2ran d\u0291\u00ee\u02d0nd\u0291it\u0255] (listen); 1 August 1952 \u2013 12 March 2003) was a Serbian politician who was the Prime Minister of Serbia from 2001 until his assassination in 2003. He was the Mayor of Belgrade in 1997, and long-time opposition politician and a doctor in philosophy.\n\u0110in\u0111i\u0107 was one of the original thirteen restorers of the modern day Democratic Party, becoming its president in 1994. During the 1990s, he was one of the co-leaders of the opposition to the administration of Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107, and became the Prime Minister of Serbia in 2001 after the overthrow of Milo\u0161evi\u0107.\nAs Prime Minister, he advocated pro-democratic reforms and the integration of Serbia into European structures. His government ratified the European Convention on Human Rights and implemented innovations in line with the Council of Europe recommendations, which led to the introduction of institutions for the protection of human rights and freedoms and becoming Serbia and Montenegro a member state of the Council of Europe. His government strongly advocated cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Following the arrest of Special Operations Unit (JSO) members and extradition to the ICTY, the JSO organized an armed mutiny in Belgrade. \u0110in\u0111i\u0107 was assassinated in 2003 by Zvezdan Jovanovi\u0107, a former JSO member operative with ties to the Zemun Clan.", "Q431731": "Tanganyika was a sovereign state, comprising the mainland part of present-day Tanzania, that existed from 1961 until 1964. It first gained independence from the United Kingdom on 9 December 1961 as a state headed by Queen Elizabeth II before becoming a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations a year later. After signing the Articles of Union on 22 April 1964 and passing an Act of Union on 25 April, Tanganyika officially joined with the People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar on Union Day, 26 April 1964. The new state changed its name to the United Republic of Tanzania within a year.", "Q1051023": "Frankenweenie is a 2012 American 3D stop motion-animated supernatural horror comedy film directed by Tim Burton and produced by Walt Disney Pictures. It is a remake of Burton's 1984 short film of the same name and is also both a parody of and homage to the 1931 film Frankenstein, based on Mary Shelley's book of the same name. The voice cast includes four actors who worked with Burton on previous films: Winona Ryder (Beetlejuice and Edward Scissorhands); Martin Short (Mars Attacks!); Catherine O'Hara (Beetlejuice and The Nightmare Before Christmas); and Martin Landau (Ed Wood and Sleepy Hollow), along with some new voice actors, such as Charlie Tahan and Atticus Shaffer.\nFrankenweenie is also the fourth stop-motion film produced by Burton and the first of those four that is not a musical. In the film, a boy named Victor loses his dog, a Bull Terrier named Sparky, and uses the power of electricity to resurrect him \u2014 but is then blackmailed by his peers into revealing how they too can reanimate their deceased past pets and other creatures, resulting in mayhem. The tongue-in-cheek film contains numerous references and parodies related to the book, past film versions of the book, other literary classics and other films which Burton has directed.\nFrankenweenie, the first black and white feature-length film and the first stop-motion film to be released in IMAX 3D, was released in the United States on October 5, 2012 and met with positive reviews and moderate box office sales. The film won the Saturn Award for Best Animated Film and was nominated for an Oscar; a Golden Globe; a BAFTA; and an Annie Award for Best Film in each respective animated category.", "Q242584": "Judy Reyes (born November 5, 1967) is an American television actress, best known for her roles as Carla Espinosa on the NBC/ABC sitcom Scrubs (2001\u20132009), and as Zoila Diaz in the Lifetime comedy-drama Devious Maids (2013\u20132016). As of 2017, she stars as Annalise \"Quiet Ann\" Zayas in the TNT crime comedy-drama, Claws.", "Q273981": "Tionne Tenese Watkins (born April 26, 1970), better known by her stage name T-Boz, is an American singer, songwriter, actress, author, and executive producer. Born in Des Moines, Iowa, Watkins rose to fame in the early 1990s as a member of the girl-group TLC. She has won four Grammy Awards for her work with TLC.", "Q310759": "Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (; 23 November 1887 \u2013 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number. This stemmed from his development of Moseley's law in X-ray spectra.\nMoseley's law advanced atomic physics, nuclear physics and quantum physics by providing the first experimental evidence in favour of Niels Bohr's theory, aside from the hydrogen atom spectrum which the Bohr theory was designed to reproduce. That theory refined Ernest Rutherford's and Antonius van den Broek's model, which proposed that the atom contains in its nucleus a number of positive nuclear charges that is equal to its (atomic) number in the periodic table. This remains the accepted model today.\nWhen World War I broke out in Western Europe, Moseley left his research work at the University of Oxford behind to volunteer for the Royal Engineers of the British Army. Moseley was assigned to the force of British Empire soldiers that invaded the region of Gallipoli, Turkey, in April 1915, as a telecommunications officer. Moseley was shot and killed during the Battle of Gallipoli on 10 August 1915, at the age of 27. Experts have speculated that Moseley could otherwise have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1916.", "Q9379": "Luis Durnwalder (born 23 September 1941) is a politician of Italy, former governor of the (mainly German-speaking) autonomous province of South Tyrol from 1989 until 2014, and former president and vice-president of Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol, in Northern Italy.", "Q494170": "The Washington Times is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., that covers general interest topics with a particular emphasis on national politics. Its broadsheet daily edition is distributed throughout the District of Columbia and in parts of Maryland and Virginia. A weekly tabloid edition aimed at a national audience is also published.The Washington Times was founded on May 17, 1982, by Unification movement leader Sun Myung Moon and owned until 2010 by News World Communications, an international media conglomerate founded by Moon. It is currently owned by Operations Holdings, which is owned by the Unification movement.Throughout its history, The Washington Times has been known for its conservative political stance. It has published many columns which reject the scientific consensuses on climate change, on ozone depletion, on the harmful effects of second-hand smoke, and which have spread misinformation regarding the 2019-2020 coronavirus outbreak. \nIt has drawn controversy for publishing racist content, including commentary and conspiracy theories about U.S. President Barack Obama, supporting neo-Confederate historical revisionism, and promoting Islamophobia.", "Q291253": "Ariadna Sintes (born October 7, 1986 in Havana) is a Cuban-Spanish actress.\nBorn in Cuba, she moved to San Sebasti\u00e1n in 2000 and she studied at the School of Cinema and Video in Andoain and drama in San Sebasti\u00e1n.", "Q428937": "Paolo Mieli (born 25 February 1949) is an Italian journalist who has been editor of Italy's leading newspaper, Corriere della Sera.Born in Milan, Mieli debuted as journalist at 18 for L'Espresso, where he remained for some 20 years. As a member of Potere Operaio he initially adhered to far-left positions. Later he took a more moderate stance under the influence and tutelage of his teachers, Rosario Romeo and Renzo De Felice.\nFrom the 1980s Mieli worked for the most important Italian newspapers. After one year and a half at La Repubblica, he was hired by La Stampa in 1987. He became director in 1990. Two years later he moved to Il Corriere della Sera during the Tangentopoli bribe scandal. In May 1997 he was replaced by Ferruccio De Bortoli, assuming the position of editor-in-chief of RCS MediaGroup, publisher of Corriere della Sera. He continued his collaboration for that newspaper and returned as its director on 24 December 2004.Mieli served as a member of RAI TV, Italy's state network, but turned down the opportunity to be Chair amid a 2003 controversy.\n\n", "Q255577": "Phyllis Virginia \"Bebe\" Daniels (January 14, 1901 \u2013 March 16, 1971) was an American actress, singer, dancer, writer and producer.\nShe began her career in Hollywood during the silent film era as a child actress, became a star in musicals such as Rio Rita, and later gained further fame on radio and television in Britain. In a long career, Daniels appeared in 230 films.", "Q170001": "Jung So-min (born Kim Yoon-ji on March 16, 1989) is a South Korean actress.", "Q1740188": "Kevin Daniel Kelley (March 25, 1943 \u2013 April 6, 2002) was an American drummer, best known for his work with the rock bands the Byrds and the Rising Sons. Kelley also played drums for Fever Tree, although it is unknown whether he was an official member of the group or not. Kelley is the cousin of country rock pioneer and ex-member of the Byrds and the Flying Burrito Brothers, Chris Hillman.He also worked as a session musician between 1969 and 1973, playing drums on albums by artists including John Fahey and Phil Ochs. He appears to have retired from the music industry after drumming on Michael Cohen's 1973 album, What Did You Expect?Kelley should not be confused with the similarly named Kevin Kelly, another American session musician who played piano for Joan Baez during the Rolling Thunder Revue and guested on albums by Tim Buckley, Judee Sill, Bryn Haworth, and The Babys during the 1970s.", "Q99881": "Siegfried August Mahlmann (May 13, 1771 \u2013 December 16, 1826) was a German poet and editor.\nMahlmann was born in Leipzig, and studied law at the University of Leipzig. In his early life, he served as private tutor to a young nobleman, whom he accompanied to G\u00f6ttingen and then on a trip through northern Europe. From 1799 he became a bookseller, writer, and editor. From 1806 to 1816 he edited the journal Zeitung f\u00fcr die elegante Welt, and from 1810 to 1818 the newspaper Leipziger Zeitung, the latter of which resulted in his brief imprisonment in 1813 by the French during the Napoleonic Wars, in the fortress of Erfurt.Among his writings are a novel, Albano der Lautenspieler (1802), a parody of August von Kotzebue's Die Hussiten vor Naumburg (1803), and various short stories. His poetry was quite popular in the 19th century, and was published in a collection in 1825, and again posthumously in 8 volumes in 1839\u201340, and 3 volumes in 1859. The poems \"Sehnsucht\" (1802) and \"Weinlied\" (1808) were his most popular. In addition, he adapted the lyrics of \"God Save the King\" for the Kingdom of Saxony, as \"Gott segne Sachsenland\" (\"God Save Saxony\").He later studied the natural sciences and economics, and was appointed director of the Leipzig Economic Society.", "Q166663": "Andrew Bonar Law (; 16 September 1858 \u2013 30 October 1923) was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1922 to 1923.\nLaw was born in the British colony of New Brunswick (now a Canadian province), the first British prime minister to be born outside the British Isles. He was of Scottish and Ulster Scots descent and moved to Scotland in 1870. He left school aged sixteen to work in the iron industry, becoming a wealthy man by the age of thirty. He entered the House of Commons at the 1900 general election, relatively late in life for a front-rank politician, and was made a junior minister, Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade, in 1902. Law joined the Shadow Cabinet in opposition after the 1906 general election. In 1911, he was appointed a Privy Councillor, and stood for the vacant party leadership. Despite never having served in the Cabinet, and despite trailing third after Walter Long and Austen Chamberlain, Law became leader when the two front-runners withdrew rather than risk a draw splitting the party.\nAs Leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of the Opposition, Law focused his attentions in favour of tariff reform and against Irish Home Rule. His campaigning helped turn Liberal attempts to pass the Third Home Rule Bill into a three-year struggle eventually halted by the start of the First World War, with much argument over the status of the six counties in Ulster which would later become Northern Ireland, four of which were predominantly Protestant.\nLaw first held Cabinet office as Secretary of State for the Colonies in H. H. Asquith's Coalition Government (May 1915 \u2013 December 1916). Upon Asquith's fall from power he declined to form a government, instead serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer in David Lloyd George's Coalition Government. He resigned on grounds of ill health in early-1921. In October 1922, with Lloyd George's Coalition having become unpopular with the Conservatives, he wrote a letter to the press giving only lukewarm support to the Government's actions over Chanak. After Conservative MPs voted to end the Coalition, he again became Party Leader and, this time, Prime Minister. Bonar Law won a clear majority at the 1922 general election, and his brief premiership saw negotiation with the United States over Britain's war loans. Seriously ill with throat cancer, Law resigned in May 1923, and died later that year. He was the shortest-serving Prime Minister of the twentieth century (211 days in office), and is sometimes called \"The Unknown Prime Minister\".", "Q535972": "Antonio Hardy (born September 10, 1968), better known by his stage name Big Daddy Kane, is a Grammy Award-winning American rapper and actor who started his career in 1986 as a member of the rap collective the Juice Crew. He is widely considered to be one of the most influential and skilled MCs in hip hop.The name Big Daddy Kane came from a variation on Caine, David Carradine's character from TV show Kung Fu and a character called \"Big Daddy\" Vincent Price played in the film Beach Party. Rolling Stone magazine ranked his song \"Ain't No Half-Steppin'\" #25 on its list of The 50 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs of All Time, calling him \"a master wordsmith of rap's late-golden age and a huge influence on a generation of MCs.\"\n\n", "Q43343": "Contemporary folk music refers to a wide variety of genres that emerged in the mid 20th century and afterwards which were associated with traditional folk music. Starting in the mid-20th century a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. The most common name for this new form of music is also \"folk music\", but is often called \"contemporary folk music\" or \"folk revival music\" to make the distinction. The transition was somewhat centered in the US and is also called the American folk music revival. Fusion genres such as folk rock and others also evolved within this phenomenon. While contemporary folk music is a genre generally distinct from traditional folk music, it often shares the same English name, performers and venues as traditional folk music; even individual songs may be a blend of the two.\nWhile the Romantic nationalism of the first folk revival had its greatest influence on art-music, the \"second folk revival\" of the later 20th century brought a new genre of popular music with artists marketed through concerts, recordings and broadcasting. One of the earliest figures in this revival was Woody Guthrie, who sang traditional songs in the 1930s and 1940s as well as composing his own. In the United Kingdom, the folk revival fostered a generation of singer-songwriters such as Donovan, who achieved initial prominence in the 1960s. The folk revival spawned Canada's first folk wave of internationally successful artists such as Gordon Lightfoot, Leonard Cohen, Joni Mitchell, and Buffy Sainte-Marie.\nMajor performers who emerged from the 1940s to the early 1960s included Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, Phil Ochs, Joan Baez, and Bob Dylan. The mid-1960s through the early 1970s was associated with large musical, political, lifestyle, and counterculture changes. Folk music underwent a related rapid evolution, expansion and diversification at that same time. Major changes occurred through the evolution of established performers such as Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Judy Collins, and Peter, Paul and Mary, and also through the creation of new fusion genres with rock and pop. During this period, the term \"protest music\" was often used to characterize folk music with topical political themes. The Canadian performers Gordon Lightfoot, Leonard Cohen, Bruce Cockburn and Joni Mitchell represented such fusions and enjoyed great popularity in the U.S. Starting in the 1970s folk music was fueled by new singer-songwriters such as Joni Mitchell, Neil Young, and Harry Chapin.\nOther subgenres of folk include anti folk, folk punk (e.g., the Irish band the Pogues in the 1980s), indie folk, folktronica, freak folk and Americana and fusion genres such as folk metal, progressive folk, psychedelic folk, and neofolk.", "Q168896": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Konopczy\u0144ski (26 November 1880 in \u2013 12 July 1952) was a leading Polish historian and publisher of primary-source materials.", "Q179743": "Bringing Up Baby is a 1938 American screwball comedy film directed by Howard Hawks, and starring Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant. It was released by RKO Radio Pictures. The film tells the story of a paleontologist in a number of predicaments involving a scatterbrained heiress and a leopard named Baby. The screenplay was adapted by Dudley Nichols and Hagar Wilde from a short story by Wilde which originally appeared in Collier's Weekly magazine on April 10, 1937.\nThe script was written specifically for Hepburn, and was tailored to her personality. Filming began in September 1937 and wrapped in January 1938; it was over schedule and over budget. Production was frequently delayed due to uncontrollable laughing fits between Hepburn and Grant. Hepburn struggled with her comedic performance and was coached by another cast member, vaudeville veteran Walter Catlett. A tame leopard was used during the shooting; its trainer was off-screen with a whip for all of its scenes.\nBringing up Baby was a commercial flop upon its release, although it eventually made a small profit after its re-release in the early 1940s. Shortly after the film's premiere, Hepburn was labeled as \"box office poison\" by the Independent Theatre Owners of America and her career would not recover until The Philadelphia Story two years later. The film's reputation began to grow during the 1950s, when it was first shown on television.\nSince then, the film has received acclaim from both critics and audience for its zany antics and pratfalls, absurd situations and misunderstandings, perfect sense of comic timing, completely screwball cast, series of lunatic and hare-brained misadventures, disasters, light-hearted surprises and romantic comedy.In 1990, Bringing Up Baby was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\", and it has appeared on a number of greatest-films lists, ranking at 88th on the American Film Institute's 100 greatest American films of all time list.", "Q104780": "Bruno Kurowski (12 January 1879 \u2013 1944) was a German lawyer and politician of the Free City of Danzig.", "Q372862": "Nuri Demira\u011f (born 1886 in Divri\u011fi \u2013 died 1957 in Istanbul) was an early Turkish industrialist. He was one of the first millionaires of the Turkish Republic.", "Q57336": "Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei (Persian: \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u200e, pronounced [\u0294\u00e6\u02c8li\u02d0 hosej\u02c8ni\u02d0 x\u0252\u02d0mene\u02c8\u0294i\u02d0] (listen); born 19 April 1939) is a Twelver Shia Marja' and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989. He was previously President of Iran from 1981 to 1989. Khamenei is the longest serving head of state in the Middle East, as well as the second-longest serving Iranian leader of the last century, after Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi.According to his official website, Khamenei was arrested six times before being sent into exile for three years during Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's reign. He was the target of an attempted assassination in June 1981 that paralysed his right arm. Khamenei was one of Iran's leaders during the Iran\u2013Iraq War in the 1980s, and developed close ties with the now powerful Revolutionary Guards which he controls, and whose commanders are elected and dismissed by him. The Revolutionary Guards have been used to suppress opposition to him. Khamenei served as the third President of Iran from 1981 to 1989, while becoming a close ally of the first Supreme Leader, Ruhollah Khomeini. Eventually, after Khomeini had a disagreement with the then heir apparent Hussein Ali Montazeri, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani claimed that Khomeini had chosen Khamenei as his successor while the Assembly of Experts deliberated to elect the next Supreme Leader. After Khomeini's death, Khamenei was elected by the Assembly of Experts as the new Supreme Leader on 4 June 1989, at the age of 49. He has been head of the servants of Astan Quds Razavi since 14 April 1979.As Supreme Leader, Khamenei is the head of state of Iran and the commander-in-chief of its armed forces. For this reason, he is considered the most powerful political authority in the country. As Supreme Leader, Khamenei can issue decrees and make the final decisions on the main policies of the government in many fields such as economy, the environment, foreign policy, and national planning in Iran. According to Karim Sadjadpour, Khamenei has either direct or indirect control over the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government, as well as the military and media. All candidates for the Assembly of Experts, the Presidency and the Majlis (Parliament) are vetted by the Guardian Council, whose members are selected directly or indirectly by the Supreme Leader of Iran. There have been also instances when the Guardian Council reversed its ban on particular people after being ordered to do so by Khamenei.There have been major protests during Khamenei's reign, including the 1994 Qazvin Protests, the 1999 Iranian student protests, the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests, the 2011\u201312 Iranian protests, the 2017\u201318 Iranian protests, and 2018\u20132019 Iranian general strikes and protests. Journalists, bloggers, and other individuals have been put on trial in Iran for the charge of insulting Supreme Leader Khamenei, often in conjunction with blasphemy charges. Their sentences have included lashing and jail time, and some of them have died in custody. Regarding the nuclear program of Iran, Khamenei issued a fatwa in 2003 forbidding the production, stockpiling, and use of all kinds of weapons of mass destruction.", "Q235": "Monaco ( (listen); French pronunciation: \u200b[m\u0254nako]), officially the Principality of Monaco (French: Principaut\u00e9 de Monaco), is a sovereign city-state, country, and microstate on the French Riviera in Western Europe. \nFrance borders the country on three sides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea. Monaco is about 15 km (9.3 mi) from the state border with Italy.Monaco has an area of 2.02 km2 (0.78 sq mi), making it the second-smallest country in the world after the Vatican. Its population as of 2018 is 38,682. With 19,009 inhabitants per square kilometre (49,230/sq mi), it is the most densely-populated sovereign state in the world. \nMonaco has a land border of 5.47 km (3.40 mi), the world's shortest coastline of approximately 3.83 km (2.38 mi) , and a width that varies between 1,700 and 349 m (5,577 and 1,145 ft). The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des R\u00e9voires on the slopes of Mont Agel, in the Les R\u00e9voires Ward, which is 161 metres (528 feet) above sea level. \nMonaco's most populous Quartier is Monte Carlo and the most populous Ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins. Through land reclamation, Monaco's land mass has expanded by 20 percent. In 2005, it had an area of only 1.974 km2 (0.762 sq mi). Monaco is known to be the most expensive and the wealthiest place in the world due to its tax laws. In 2014, it was noted that about 30% of the population was made up of millionaires.Monaco is a principality governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, with Prince Albert II as head of state. Although Prince Albert II is a constitutional monarch, he wields immense political power. The House of Grimaldi has ruled Monaco, with brief interruptions, since 1297. The official language is French, but Mon\u00e9gasque, Italian, and English are widely spoken and understood.The state's sovereignty was officially recognised by the Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861, with Monaco becoming a full United Nations voting member in 1993. Despite Monaco's independence and separate foreign policy, its defence is the responsibility of France. However, Monaco does maintain two small military units.\nEconomic development was spurred in the late 19th century with the opening of the country's first casino, Monte Carlo, and a railway connection to Paris. Since then, Monaco's mild climate, scenery, and gambling facilities have contributed to the principality's status as a tourist destination and recreation centre for the rich. \nIn more recent years, Monaco has become a major banking centre and has sought to diversify its economy into the services sector and small, high-value-added, non-polluting industries. The state has no income tax, low business taxes, and is well known for being a tax haven. It is also the host of the annual street circuit motor race Monaco Grand Prix, one of the original Grands Prix of Formula One and birthplace of Scuderia Ferrari driver Charles Leclerc. The principality has a club football team, AS Monaco, who have become French champions on multiple occasions.\nMonaco is not formally a part of the European Union (EU), but it participates in certain EU policies, including customs and border controls. Through its relationship with France, Monaco uses the euro as its sole currency (prior to this it used the Mon\u00e9gasque franc). Monaco joined the Council of Europe in 2004. It is a member of the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF).", "Q981692": "Vittorio Amedeo Colao (born 3 October 1961) is an Italian businessman & former chief executive officer at Vodafone Group.", "Q1427815": "Le Soliat is a mountain of the Jura, overlooking Lake Neuch\u00e2tel in western Switzerland. The main summit (1,465 m) is located within the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel. A secondary summit (1,463 m) is located within the canton of Vaud.\nThe north side of the mountain forms a rocky cirque named Creux du Van.", "Q70789": "Margaret of Bavaria (1442\u20131479), was a Marchioness consort of Mantua, married in 1463 to Federico I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua. She was the daughter of Albert III, Duke of Bavaria and Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen-Einbeck. The marriage between Margaret and Frederico helped trading relations between the two states. Margaret was hunch-backed and was not able to speak or read Italian when she arrived, but the relationship with Frederico was described as happy. The court was dominated by her mother-in-law, but Margaret avoided all conflicts. During his war against Aragon, Frederico appointed Margaret as regent in his absence during the spring and summer of 1479. She died during her reign.", "Q258053": "Ann Dustin Wilson (born June 19, 1950) is an American musician, best known as the lead singer and songwriter for the rock band Heart. Wilson was listed as one of the \"Top Heavy Metal Vocalists of All Time\" by Hit Parader magazine in 2006. Wilson has a dramatic soprano vocal range.", "Q3132": "Moers (German pronunciation: [\u02c8m\u0153\u0281s] (listen); older form: M\u00f6rs; archaic Dutch: Murse, Murs or Meurs) is a German city on the western bank of the Rhine. Moers belongs to the district of Wesel.", "Q49108": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Institute is a land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant university, with an urban campus that extends more than a mile (1.6 km) alongside the Charles River. The Institute also encompasses a number of major off-campus facilities such as the MIT Lincoln Laboratory, the Bates Center, and the Haystack Observatory, as well as affiliated laboratories such as the Broad and Whitehead Institutes. Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, MIT adopted a European polytechnic university model and stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. It has since played a key role in the development of many aspects of modern science, engineering, mathematics, and technology, and is widely known for its innovation and academic strength, making it one of the most prestigious institutions of higher learning in the world.As of October 2019, 96 Nobel laureates, 26 Turing Award winners, and 8 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with MIT as alumni, faculty members, or researchers. In addition, 58 National Medal of Science recipients, 29 National Medals of Technology and Innovation recipients, 50 MacArthur Fellows, 73 Marshall Scholars, 48 Rhodes Scholars, 41 astronauts, and 16 Chief Scientists of the U.S. Air Force have been affiliated with MIT. The school also has a strong entrepreneurial culture, and the aggregated annual revenues of companies founded by MIT alumni ($1.9 trillion) would rank roughly as the tenth-largest economy in the world (2014). MIT is a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU).", "Q3822237": "Carlos Remigio Cardoen Cornejo (born 1 May 1942, Santa Cruz, Chile) is a Chilean metallurgical engineer, weapons scientist and agricultural businessman.\nCardoen rose to prominence amidst the United States arms embargo against Chile, when he became in the 1980s \"Pinochet's favourite arms manufacturer\".When Saddam Hussein fell out of favour with the United States in connection with the 1990 invasion of Kuwait Cardoen, who had weapon dealings with Iraq, was accused by the US of zirconium trafficking. Since then he has been on the Interpol wanted list, yet United States has not asked for his extradition. On various occations Cardoen has received support from National Congress and the Minister of Foreign Affairs to end the Interpol arrest warrant.", "Q51747": "Air China Limited (Chinese: \u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8) is the flag carrier and one of the major airlines of the People's Republic of China, with its headquarters in Shunyi District, Beijing. Air China's flight operations are based at Beijing Capital International Airport. In 2017, the airline carried 102 million domestic and international passengers with an average load factor of 81%.", "Q122021": "Ludwig Meyn (1 October 1820, Pinneberg \u2212 4 November 1878, Uetersen), was a German agricultural scientist, soil scientist, geologist, journalist and mineralogist. He was the pioneer of oil production.", "Q71497": "Udo Samel (born 25 June 1953) is a German actor. He has appeared in more than 80 films and television shows since 1977. He starred in the 1994 film Back to Square One, which was entered into the 44th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q18421": "I clowns (also known as The Clowns) is a 1970 film by Federico Fellini about the human fascination with clowns and circuses.", "Q218477": "The Polish People's Party (Polish: Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe), abbreviated to PSL (traditionally translated as Polish Peasants' Party), often shortened to ludowcy ('the populars') is an agrarian Christian-democratic political party in Poland. It has 14 members of the Sejm and four Members of the European Parliament. It was the junior partner in a coalition with Civic Platform. It is a member of the European People's Party and the European People's Party group in the European Parliament.\nThe party was formed in 1990 as a left-wing party. The PSL formed a coalition with the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) after winning 132 seats in the Sejm at the 1993 election, with PSL leader Waldemar Pawlak as Prime Minister until 1995. The party fell to 27 at the next election, and moved towards the centre at the end of the 1990s. In 2001, the party re-entered a coalition with the SLD, but withdrew in 2003. After the 2007 election, the PSL entered a coalition with the centrist liberal Civic Platform (PO).\nThe party's name traces its tradition to an agrarian party in Austro-Hungarian-controlled Galician Poland, which sent MPs to the parliament in Vienna. Until the 2014 local election, the PSL formed self-government coalition in fifteen to sixteen regional assemblies.", "Q251711": "\u00c1ngel Herrera Oria (19 November 1886 \u2013 28 July 1968) was a Spanish journalist and Roman Catholic politician and later a cardinal. He established the Fundacion Pablo VI to promote the social doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church and named it in honor of Pope Paul VI who elevated him into the cardinalate in 1965.\nHis cause of canonization has commenced and he is referred to as a Servant of God.", "Q174267": "Abhisit Vejjajiva (pronunciation ; Thai: \u0e2d\u0e20\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c \u0e40\u0e27\u0e0a\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e30, RTGS: Aphisit Wetchachiwa, [\u0294\u00e0.p\u02b0\u00ed.s\u00ect w\u00ea\u02d0t.t\u0255\u02b0\u0101\u02d0.t\u0255\u02b0\u012b\u02d0.w\u00e1\u0294]; born 3 August 1964) is a British-born Thai politician who was the prime minister of Thailand from 2008 to 2011. He is a former university lecturer at Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy and Thammasat University, and was the leader of the Democrat Party from 2005 until he resigned following the party's weak performance in the 2019 election. As leader of the second largest party in the House of Representatives, he was also leader of the opposition \u2013 a position he held from December 2008 until his party's en masse resignation from the House on 8 December 2013. That same month, he was formally charged with murder resulting from a crackdown on demonstrators in 2010 that killed 90 people.Born in England, the United Kingdom, Abhisit attended Eton College and earned bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Oxford. He was elected to the Parliament of Thailand at the age of 27, and promoted to Democrat Party leader in 2005, after his predecessor resigned following the party's defeat in the 2005 general election.Abhisit was appointed prime minister of Thailand on 17 December 2008, after the Constitutional Court of Thailand removed Prime Minister Somchai Wongsawat from office. At age 44, he was the country's youngest prime minister in more than 60 years.Abhisit became premier at a time of global economic turmoil and rising domestic political tensions. As prime minister, he promoted a \"People's Agenda,\" which focused primarily on policies affecting the living conditions of Thailand's rural and working class citizens. He administered two economic stimulus packages: a US$40 billion, three-year infrastructure improvement plan, and a more than US$3 billion program of cash subsidies and handouts. By 2010, the stock market and the value of the baht had rebounded to their highest levels since the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Human Rights Watch called Vejjajiva \"the most prolific censor in recent Thai history\" and Freedom House downgraded Thailand's rating of media freedom to \"not free.\" Abhisit also advocated for stronger anti-corruption measures, although several members of his Cabinet resigned due to corruption scandals and parts of his economic stimulus packages were criticised for instances of alleged corruption.\nAbhisit's government faced major protests in April 2009 and April\u2013May 2010. The military's crackdowns on protesters left many dead. Abhisit launched a reconciliation plan to investigate the crackdown, but the work of the investigation commission was hampered by military and government agencies. The Thai Army clashed with Cambodian troops numerous times from 2009 to 2010 in the bloodiest fighting in over two decades. The South Thailand insurgency escalated during Abhisit's government, and reports of torture and human rights violations increased.\nHaving resigned the party leadership after the defeat the Democrats suffered in the parliamentary elections of 2011, Abhisit was re-elected as leader at a party assembly.\nIn 2018, the Democrats held a contest for party leader in preparation for the upcoming election. Abhisit was re-elected party leader, beating former PDRC leader, Warong Dechgitvigrom, by approximately 10,000 votes. However, after a poor showing in the 2019 election, Abhisit resigned as party leader.\n\n", "Q381732": "James Lincoln Collier (born June 29, 1928) is an American journalist, professional musician, and author of books, primarily non-fiction for adult readers and fiction for children. His literary works include My Brother Sam Is Dead (1974), a Newbery Honor book that was also named an American Library Association Notable Children's Book and nominated for a National Book Award in 1975. He also wrote a children's book titled The Empty Mirror (2004), The Teddy Bear Habit (1967), about an insecure boy whose beatnik guitar teacher turns out to be a crook, and Rich and Famous (1975), sequel to The Teddy Bear Habit. His list of children's books also includes Chipper (2001), about a young boy in a gang. His writings for adults include numerous books on jazz, including biographies of Louis Armstrong, Benny Goodman and Duke Ellington. He has also contributed entries on jazz-related subjects to the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians.\nIn July 2014, Collier stirred controversy when his article \"Nigger in the White House\" was published in WestView News, a West Village newspaper. The article is critical of perceived racism in the far-right's opposition to President Barack Obama.", "Q633405": "Type O Negative was an American gothic metal band formed in Brooklyn, New York in 1989, by Peter Steele (lead vocals, bass), Kenny Hickey (guitar, co-lead vocals), Josh Silver (keyboards, backing vocals), and Sal Abruscato (drums, percussion), who was later replaced by Johnny Kelly. Their lyrical emphasis on themes of romance, depression, and death resulted in the nickname \"the Drab Four\" (in homage to the Beatles' \"Fab Four\" moniker). The band went Platinum with 1993's Bloody Kisses, and Gold with 1996's October Rust, and gained a fanbase through seven studio albums, two best-of compilations, and concert DVDs.\nOn April 14, 2010, lead vocalist, bassist, and principal songwriter Peter Steele died, reportedly from heart failure brought on by an aortic aneurysm. Members Kenny Hickey and Johnny Kelly stated in a November 2010 interview with French music magazine Rock Hard that the band would not continue due to his death.", "Q68878": "Alfred Herrhausen (30 January 1930 \u2013 30 November 1989) was a German banker and the Chairman of Deutsche Bank, who was assassinated in 1989. He was a member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group and from 1971 onwards a member of Deutsche Bank's Management Board. An advisor to Helmut Kohl and a proponent of a unified European economy, he was also an influential figure in shaping the policies towards developing nations. He was assassinated, probably by the West German far-left terrorist group Red Army Faction, when an explosively formed projectile penetrated his armored convoy.", "Q85516": "Gerd M\u00fcller (born 25 August 1955 as Gerhard M\u00fcller in the town of Krumbach, district of G\u00fcnzburg, Bavaria, Germany) is a German politician and member of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria. He is the Federal Minister of Economic Cooperation and Development.", "Q444147": "Anastassia Yehudith Michaeli (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e0\u05e1\u05d8\u05e1\u05d9\u05d4 \u05de\u05d9\u05db\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9, Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0438\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u044d\u043b\u0438 (\u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f); born 12 July 1975) is an Israeli journalist, television presenter, and politician. She served as a member of Knesset for Yisrael Beiteinu between 2009 and 2013. During her Knesset term she received media attention for attempting to physically disturb an Arab representative's speech and for comments she made on the psychology of gays and lesbians. While in the Knesset she was active in the international arena as chairperson of several parliamentary friendship leagues (with the legislatures of Estonia, Austria and Switzerland) and represented the Knesset in official delegations to the European Union, France, Great Britain and Taiwan.", "Q154809": "D\u00e1maso P\u00e9rez Prado (Spanish: [\u02c8pe\u027ees \u02c8p\u027ea\u00f0o]; December 11, 1916 \u2013 September 14, 1989) was a Cuban bandleader, pianist and composer who popularized the mambo in the 1950s. He frequently made brief appearances in films, primarily of the rumberas genre. The success of his orchestra and hits such as \"Mambo No. 5\" earned him the nickname \"King of the Mambo\". His stage name was simply P\u00e9rez Prado, although his brother Pantale\u00f3n also used the same name in the 1970s, which led to confusion.P\u00e9rez Prado became a naturalized citizen of Mexico in 1980, where he died in 1989. His son, P\u00e9rez Jr., continues to direct the P\u00e9rez Prado Orchestra in Mexico City to this day.\n\n", "Q67593": "Lyssach is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q123459": "Karl Imhoff (7 April 1876 in Mannheim \u2013 28 September 1965) was a German civil engineer, author, and a pioneer of wastewater treatment used throughout the world.", "Q827041": "Beroun (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u025broun]; German: Beraun) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It is the administrative centre of Beroun District.", "Q1339864": "A sports film is a film genre that uses sport as the theme of the film. It is a production in which a sport, sporting event, athlete (and their sport), or follower of sport (and the sport they follow) are prominently featured, and which depend on sport to a significant degree for their plot motivation or resolution. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to have a large following or respect for such movies.", "Q698080": "Uffe Ellemann-Jensen (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8uf\u0259 \u02c8el\u0259m\u00e6n \u02c8jensn\u0329], informal: [\u02c8uf\u0259 \u02c8el\u0259\u02ccm\u00e6n\u02c0] (born 1 November 1941) was Minister for Foreign Affairs of Denmark in the Conservative led Poul Schl\u00fcter Administration 1982\u20131993. He was leader of the Danish Liberal Party, Venstre 1984\u20131998 and President of the European Liberals 1995\u20132000. Since 1998, Ellemann-Jensen has been Chairman of Baltic Development Forum, a non-profit networking organisation dedicated to the business development of the Baltic Sea region. He is non-executive director of various boards of international companies.", "Q188962": "James Naismith (November 6, 1861 \u2013 November 28, 1939) was a Canadian-American physical educator, physician, Christian chaplain, sports coach, and innovator. The same year he left Canada for Springfield, Massachusetts, he invented the game of basketball. He wrote the original basketball rule book and founded the University of Kansas basketball program. Naismith lived to see basketball adopted as an Olympic demonstration sport in 1904 and as an official event at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, as well as the birth of the National Invitation Tournament (1938) and the NCAA Tournament (1939).\nBorn and raised on a farm near Almonte, Ontario, Naismith studied and taught physical education at Montreal\u2019s McGill University before moving to the United States, where he designed the game of basketball in late 1891 while teaching at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts. Seven years after inventing basketball, Naismith received his medical degree in Denver in 1898. He then arrived at the University of Kansas, later becoming the Kansas Jayhawks' athletic director and coach. While a coach at Kansas, Naismith coached Phog Allen, who later became the coach at Kansas for 39 seasons, beginning a lengthy and prestigious coaching tree. Allen then went on to coach legends including Adolph Rupp and Dean Smith, among others, who themselves coached many notable players and future coaches. Despite coaching his final season in 1907, Naismith is still the only coach in Kansas men's basketball history with a losing record.", "Q1064271": "Charles Eliot (November 1, 1859 \u2013 March 25, 1897) was an American landscape architect. Known for pioneering principles of regional planning, naturalistic systems approach to landscape architecture, and laying the groundwork for conservancies across the world. Instrumental in the formation of The Trustees of Reservations, the world's first land trust, playing a central role in shaping the Boston Metropolitan Park System, designing a number of public and private landscapes, and wrote prolifically on a variety of topics.", "Q162363": "Alberto Guani Carrara (14 June 1877 \u2013 26 November 1956) was an Uruguayan jurist, diplomat and the Vice President and President of the Senate from 1943 to 1947.Alberto Guani was born in Montevideo June 14, 1877. He studied law, and became a well-known lawyer specializing in International Law.\nHe studied law in Montevideo and, after obtaining a doctorate in law, he taught at the University of Montevideo. Early in his career Dr. Guani wrote about political and economic issues at El Siglo and El Tiempo newspapers, as well as writing for other publications. After becoming a lawyer, Dr. Guani partnered with Dr. Eduardo Acevedo and established his law firm, taking the first divorce cases in the country since divorce had just been legislated by the progressive Jos\u00e9 Batlle y Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez presidency.", "Q11405": "The flute is a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening. According to the instrument classification of Hornbostel\u2013Sachs, flutes are categorized as edge-blown aerophones. A musician who plays the flute can be referred to as a flute player, flautist, flutist or, less commonly, fluter or flutenist.\nFlutes are the earliest extant musical instruments, as paleolithic instruments with hand-bored holes have been found. A number of flutes dating to about 43,000 to 35,000 years ago have been found in the Swabian Jura region of present-day Germany. These flutes demonstrate that a developed musical tradition existed from the earliest period of modern human presence in Europe.", "Q312628": "Carlo Levi (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8karlo \u02c8l\u025b\u02d0vi]) (November 29, 1902 \u2013 January 4, 1975) was an Italian painter, writer, activist, anti-fascist, and doctor.\nHe is best known for his book Cristo si \u00e8 fermato a Eboli (Christ Stopped at Eboli), published in 1945, a memoir of his time spent in exile in Lucania, Italy, after being arrested in connection with his political activism. In 1979, the book became the basis of a movie of the same name, directed by Francesco Rosi. Lucania, also called Basilicata, was historically one of the poorest and most backward regions of the impoverished Italian south. Levi's lucid, non-ideological and sympathetic description of the daily hardships experienced by the local peasants helped to propel the \"Problem of the South\" into national discourse after the end of World War II.", "Q72820": "Lothar Bucher (October 25, 1817 \u2013 October 12, 1892) was a German publicist and trusted aide of German chancellor Otto von Bismarck. \nBucher was born in Neustettin, Pomerania, his father being master at a gymnasium\n. After studying at the University of Berlin he adopted the legal profession. Elected a member of the National Assembly in Berlin in 1848, he was an active leader against the democratic party. With others of his colleagues he was in 1850 brought to trial for having taken part in organizing a movement for refusal to pay taxes; he was condemned to fifteen months imprisonment in a fortress, but left the country before the sentence was executed. \n\nFor ten years he lived in exile, chiefly in London; he acted as special correspondent of the National Zeitung, and gained a great knowledge of English life; and he published a work, Der Parliamentarismus wie er ist, a criticism of parliamentary government, which shows a marked change in his political opinions. \nIn 1860, Bucher returned to Germany, and became intimate with Ferdinand Lassalle, who made him his literary executor. In 1864 he was offered by Bismarck a high position in the Prussian foreign office, which he accepted. The reasons that led him to a step which involved so complete a break with his earlier friends and associations are not clearly known. From this time until his death he acted as Bismarck's aide, gaining a large amount of his confidence. \nIt was Bucher who drew up the text of the constitution of the North German Confederation; in 1870 he was sent on a confidential mission to Spain in connection with the Hohenzollern candidature for the Spanish crown; he assisted Bismarck at the final negotiations for the Treaty of Frankfurt, and was one of the secretaries to the Congress of Berlin; he also assisted Bismarck in the composition of his memoirs. \nBucher, who was a man of great ability, had considerable influence, which was especially directed against the economic doctrines of the Liberals; in 1881 he published a pamphlet criticizing the influence and principles of the Cobden Club. He identified himself completely with Bismarck's later commercial and colonial policy, and probably had much to do with introducing it, and he did much to encourage anti-British feeling in Germany. He died at Glion, Switzerland.", "Q110093": "Heinrich Blume (* 25 January 1887 in Hameln; \u2020 26 July 1964 in Hannover) was a German teacher and an anti-semitic member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) which he joined in the 1920s.", "Q459670": "Michela Vittoria Brambilla (born 26 October 1967) is an Italian politician and businesswoman. On 12 May 2008 she was nominated undersecretary (Tourism) in the Berlusconi IV Cabinet; on 8 May 2009 she was appointed Minister of Culture and Tourism, a position held until 2011. On 21 August 2007 she set up, apparently with his blessing, the new The People of Freedom, the goal of which is to merge the right-wing allies of Berlusconi.\nHeir of a family of steel manufacturers going back four generations, Brambilla received a degree in philosophy from the Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. In 2006 she lost an election for the Chamber of Deputies, on the Forza Italia ticket. In 2007 she named herself president of the national association of the Club of Freedom, the political organisation she created, which has more than 6,000 clubs all around Italy.\nBefore entering politics she was a television journalist for Berlusconi's Mediaset group. She is the general executive manager of Trafilerie Brambilla spa, a steel manufacturing firm, and is president of two businesses with her father Vittorio: Sal Group spa and Sotra Coast International.\nShe rose quickly to national prominence in 2003 after having been named president of the under-40 entrepreneurs council at Confcommercio. On 20 November 2006 she founded the Freedom Circles organisation and published the book titled Tutte le tasse di Prodi & C.: una finanziaria contro gli italiani. She has worked very closely with Silvio Berlusconi, the president of the Forza Italia party. Some observers (such as the magazine Panorama), name her as a possible successor to Berlusconi, as leader of the party and of the Italian centre-right. Brambilla has publicly denied such rumours.\nIn June 2007, through the Freedom Clubs organisation, Brambilla launched the satellite channel Freedom TV, featuring talks with experts, professionals and private citizens, often connected with her personal campaign against tax evasion.", "Q317988": "Abdyl Dume bey Frash\u00ebri (Turkish: Fra\u015ferli Abd\u00fcl Bey; 1 June 1839 \u2013 23 October 1892) was an Ottoman Albanian civil servant, politician of the Ottoman Empire and one of the first Albanian political ideologues of the Albanian National Awakening. During his lifetime Frash\u00ebri endeavoured to instill among Albanians patriotism and a strong identity while promoting a reform program based on Albanian language education and literature.He was one of the initiators and a prominent leader of the League of Prizren. He distinguished himself as a political personality from the 1860s through early political assignments. He founded the Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights in Istanbul. He furthermore served as a chosen representative for the Yanya Vilayet in the Ottoman Parliament during the First Constitutional Era, 1876\u20131877. During the communist regime he was proclaimed with the honour Hero of Albania.", "Q179025": "Jean Marie Lucien Pierre Anouilh (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 anuj]; 23 June 1910 \u2013 3 October 1987) was a French dramatist whose career spanned five decades. Though his work ranged from high drama to absurdist farce, Anouilh is best known for his 1944 play Antigone, an adaptation of Sophocles' classical drama, that was seen as an attack on Marshal P\u00e9tain's Vichy government. His plays are less experimental than those of his contemporaries, having clearly organized plot and eloquent dialogue. One of France's most prolific writers after World War II, much of Anouilh's work deals with themes of maintaining integrity in a world of moral compromise.", "Q74289": "Hans Joachim Sewering (30 January 1916 \u2013 18 June 2010) was a German doctor. In World War II, he is alleged to have participated in transferring 900 handicapped Catholic children into a camp where they were killed.", "Q120150": "Peter-Josef Schallberger (19 July 1932; Ennetmoos \u2013 15 April 2010) was a Swiss politician of the CVP and farmer.", "Q1444356": "Frank Vagan\u00e9e (born 19 March 1966 in Mechelen) is a Belgian jazz saxophonist and composer. He has his own trio with Philippe Aerts recently replaced by Rosario Bonnacorso on the double bass, and Dr\u00e9 Pallemaerts on drums. He is co-leader of the Frank Vagan\u00e9e/Mike Del Ferro Quartet and also is the artistic leader of the Brussels Jazz Orchestra. He won the Belgian Golden Django award for best artist in 2001.", "Q301132": "Fallen Angel is a 1945 black-and-white film noir directed by Otto Preminger, with cinematography by Joseph LaShelle, who had also worked with Preminger on Laura a year before. The film features Alice Faye, Dana Andrews, Linda Darnell and Charles Bickford. It was the last film Faye made as a major Hollywood star and she did not make another film until State Fair (1962).", "Q166105": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center. Their best seasons to date in the city were in the early 2000s, including the 2001\u201302 season when they had the best record in the NBA at 61\u201321 (a winning percentage of .744).\nThe Sacramento Kings are the latest and current version of one of the oldest continuously operating professional basketball franchises in the nation. They originated in Rochester, New York, as the Rochester Seagrams (a semi-professional team) in 1923, hosting a number of teams there over the next 20 years. They joined the National Basketball League in 1945 as the renamed Rochester Royals, winning that league's championship in their first season, 1945-46. They later jumped with three other NBL teams to the Basketball Association of America, forerunner of the NBA, in 1948. As the Royals, the team was often successful on the court, winning the NBA championship in 1951. The team, however, found it increasingly difficult to turn a profit in the comparatively small market of Rochester and relocated to Cincinnati in 1957, becoming the Cincinnati Royals. In 1972 the team relocated again, this time to Kansas City, Missouri, and was renamed the Kansas City-Omaha Kings because it initially split its home games between Kansas City and Omaha, Nebraska. In 1975, the Kings ceased playing home games in Omaha and in 1977 simply became the Kansas City Kings. The team again failed to find success in its market and moved yet again to Sacramento in 1985, where they continue to reside today.", "Q337480": "The Acad\u00e9mie Julian (French pronunciation: \u200b[akademi \u0292ylj\u0251\u0303]) was a private art school for painting and sculpture founded in Paris, France, in 1867 by French painter and teacher Rodolphe Julian (1839\u20131907) that was active from 1868 through 1968. It remained famous for the number and quality of artists who attended during the great period of effervescence in the arts in the early twentieth century. After 1968, it integrated with ESAG Penninghen.", "Q351705": "Henrik Arnold Thaulow Wergeland (17 June 1808 \u2013 12 July 1845) was a Norwegian writer, most celebrated for his poetry but also a prolific playwright, polemicist, historian, and linguist. He is often described as a leading pioneer in the development of a distinctly Norwegian literary heritage and of modern Norwegian culture.Though Wergeland only lived to be 37, his range of pursuits covered literature, theology, history, contemporary politics, social issues, and science. His views were controversial in his time, and his literary style was variously denounced as subversive.", "Q81770": "Majid Majidi (Persian: \u0645\u062c\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062c\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u200e, Persian pronunciation: [m\u00e6\u02ccd\u0292i\u02d0de m\u00e6d\u0292i\u02d0\u02c8di]; born 17 April 1959) is an Iranian film director, producer, and screenwriter, who started his film career as an actor. In his films, Majidi has touched on many themes and genres and has won numerous international awards.", "Q880598": "Tariq Luqmaan Trotter (born October 3, 1971), better known as Black Thought, is an American rapper and the lead MC of the Philadelphia-based hip hop group the Roots, which he co-founded with drummer Questlove (Ahmir Thompson). He is widely lauded for his live performance skills, continuous multisyllabic rhyme schemes, complex lyricism, double entendres, and politically aware lyrics. With the Roots, he is a singer and rapper on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, frequently playing games with Fallon and his guests.", "Q429397": "Lethal Weapon 4 is a 1998 American buddy cop action comedy film directed and produced by Richard Donner, and starring Mel Gibson, Danny Glover, Joe Pesci, Rene Russo, Chris Rock, and Jet Li (in his American film debut). It is the fourth installment in the Lethal Weapon film series.", "Q3750290": "Francesco Merloni (born 17 September 1925) is an Italian industrialist, engineer and politician who was a member of the Christian Democrats. He served as the minister of public works from 1992 to 1994. He led the Indesit company until 2011.", "Q128518": "Gladiator is a 2000 epic historical action drama film directed by Ridley Scott and written by David Franzoni, John Logan, and William Nicholson. The film was co-produced and released by DreamWorks Pictures and Universal Pictures. It stars Russell Crowe, Joaquin Phoenix, Connie Nielsen, Ralf M\u00f6ller, Oliver Reed (in his final role), Djimon Hounsou, Derek Jacobi, John Shrapnel and Richard Harris. Crowe portrays Roman general Maximus Decimus Meridius, who is betrayed when Commodus, the ambitious son of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, murders his father and seizes the throne. Reduced to slavery, Maximus becomes a gladiator and rises through the ranks of the arena to avenge the murders of his family and his emperor.\nInspired by Daniel P. Mannix's 1958 book Those About to Die (formerly titled The Way of the Gladiator), the film's script, initially written by Franzoni, was acquired by DreamWorks and Ridley Scott signed on to direct the film. Principal photography began in January 1999, before the script was completed, and wrapped up in May of that year, with the scenes of Ancient Rome shot over a period of nineteen weeks in Fort Ricasoli, Malta. The film's computer-generated imagery effects were created by British post-production company The Mill, who also created a digital body double for the remaining scenes involving Reed's character Proximo due to Reed dying of a heart attack during production.\nGladiator premiered in Los Angeles on May 1, 2000, and was released theatrically in the United States on May 5 and in the United Kingdom on May 11. The film received generally favorable reviews from critics, with praise for the acting (particularly Crowe's and Phoenix's performances), Scott's direction, visuals, screenplay, action sequences, musical score and the production values. It was a box office success, grossing $187.7 million in the United States and grossed $457 million worldwide, making it the second highest-grossing film of 2000. The film won multiple awards, including five Academy Awards at the 73rd Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actor for Crowe, Best Costume Design, Best Sound and Best Visual Effects. It also received five BAFTA Awards at the 54th British Academy Film Awards for Best Film, Best Cinematography, Best Production Design and Best Editing. Since its release, Gladiator has also been credited with reinventing the swords 'n' sandals genre and rekindling interest in entertainment centered around ancient Greek and ancient Roman culture.\n\n", "Q598992": "Antonin Proust (15 March 1832 \u2013 20 March 1905) was a French journalist and politician.\nAntonin Proust was born at Niort, Deux-S\u00e8vres. In 1864 he founded an anti-imperial journal, La Semaine hebdomadaire which appeared in Brussels. He was war correspondent for Le Temps in the early days of the Franco-German War, but after the Battle of Sedan (1870) he returned to Paris, where he became secretary to L\u00e9on Gambetta and superintended the refugees in Paris.He entered the Chamber of Deputies as representative for his native town in 1876, taking his seat on the left. In Gambetta's cabinet (1881\u20131882) he was minister of the fine arts, and in the Chamber of Deputies] he was regularly commissioned to draw up the budget for the fine arts, after the separate department had ceased to exist. Prosecuted in connection with the Panama scandals, he was acquitted in 1893. From this time he lived in the closest retirement. On 20 March 1905 he shot himself in the head, dying of the wound two days later.He was not related to Marcel Proust, the famous writer.", "Q100294": "Reinhold Rehs (12 October 1901 \u2013 4 December 1971) was a German politician and chairman of the Federation of Expellees in 1967-70.\nRehs was born in Klinthenen (now Znamenka), district of Gerdauen, East Prussia (today Russia) as a son of a teacher of Huguenot descent, his family lived in East Prussia since their flight from France. He visited school in K\u00f6nigsberg and studied law at the Universities of K\u00f6nigsberg and Heidelberg. He worked as a journalist for the \"Ostpreu\u00dfische Zeitung\" in K\u00f6nigsberg (1923\u201324) and became a lawyer there in 1928.In World War II he was conscripted to the Luftschutzwarndienst (air defence warning service) and became the head of the regional warning service of Danzig in 1944. Rehs was badly wounded in February 1945 and was evacuated to Western Germany. In August 1945 Rehs started to work as a jurist at the Schleswig-Holstein State employment office and joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany in 1948.Rehs was elected a Member of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein in 1950 and Member of the Bundestag in 1953. He became the Speaker (Chairman) of the Landsmannschaft Ostpreussen in 1966 and President of the Federation of Expellees in 1967. When Willy Brandt first announced his intended turnaround concerning the Former eastern territories of Germany at the SPD party congress in March 1968, Rehs, sitting in the first row, left the audience in protest.\nAfter Brandt became Chancellor Rehs seceded from the SPD in 1969 and joined the CDU in protest against the change in the German Ostpolitik leading to the Treaty of WarsawRehs died in 1971.", "Q63939": "Baden (German for \"Baths\"), sometimes unofficially, to distinguish it from other Badens, called Baden bei Z\u00fcrich (\"Baden near Z\u00fcrich\") or Baden im Aargau (\"Baden in Aargau\"), is a municipality in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau. Located 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Z\u00fcrich in the Limmat Valley (Limmattal) mainly on the western side of the Limmat, its mineral hot springs have been famed since at least the Roman era. Its official language is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local Alemannic Swiss German dialect. Its population in 2010 was over 18,000.", "Q1186592": "Euh Yoon-Dae (born 1945) is a South Korean professor, financier, and advisor for the South Korean government. He served as Chairman of KB Financial Group and of the Presidential Council on Nation Branding, Korea.", "Q14569": "Honau is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q291521": "Aure Atika (born 12 July 1970) is a French actress, writer and director.\n\n", "Q160560": "The Da Vinci Code is a 2006 American mystery thriller film directed by Ron Howard, written by Akiva Goldsman, and based on Dan Brown's 2003 best-selling novel of the same name. The first in the Robert Langdon film series, the film stars Tom Hanks, Audrey Tautou, Sir Ian McKellen, Alfred Molina, J\u00fcrgen Prochnow, Jean Reno and Paul Bettany. In the movie, Robert Langdon, a professor of religious symbology from Harvard University, is the prime suspect in the grisly and unusual murder of Louvre curator Jacques Sauni\u00e8re. In the body, the police find a disconcerting cipher and start an investigation. A noted British Grail historian named Sir Leigh Teabing tells them that the actual Holy Grail is explicitly encoded in Leonardo da Vinci's wall painting, The Last Supper. Also searching for the Grail is a secret cabal within Opus Dei, an actual prelature of the Holy See, who wish to keep the true Grail a secret to prevent the destruction of Christianity.\nThe film, like the book, was considered controversial. It was met with especially harsh criticism by the Catholic Church for the accusation that it is behind a two-thousand-year-old cover-up concerning what the Holy Grail really is and the concept that Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene were married and that the union produced a daughter, as well as its treatment of the organizations Priory of Sion and Opus Dei. Many members urged the laity to boycott the film. In the book, Dan Brown states that the Priory of Sion and \"all descriptions of artwork, architecture, documents and secret rituals in this novel are accurate.\"\nThe film grossed $224 million in its worldwide opening weekend and a total of $758 million worldwide, becoming the second-highest-grossing film of 2006, as well as Howard\u2019s highest-grossing film to date. However, the film received generally negative reviews from critics. It was followed by two sequels, Angels & Demons (2009) and Inferno (2016).", "Q440335": "Elisa Sednaoui (born December 14, 1987) is a model, actress, philanthropist and film director of Italian, Egyptian, and French descent. She has appeared in such films as Eastern Drift, La Baie du renard, Bus Palladium, Les Gamins, and Remember Now, as well as in fashion campaigns for Chanel Eyewear, Giorgio Armani, Missoni and Roberto Cavalli. In 2013, she created the Elisa Sednaoui Foundation, dedicated to promoting creative learning, after-school initiatives for youngsters.", "Q322927": "The Trial are an experimental German-Turkish-Swiss alternative-band, playing music somewhere in between rock, pop, new wave, industrial and several other styles. They are one of the groups that attracted attention as being \"different\" to what was and is usually known as Turkish popular music in Germany (arabesk, Turkish hip hop, ...). Their exposing attribute is, that they act as a unique in Germany's underground music culture.\n\n", "Q163069": "Edward Phillips Oppenheim (22 October 1866 \u2013 3 February 1946) was an English novelist, a prolific writer of best-selling genre fiction, featuring glamorous characters, international intrigue and fast action. Notably easy to read, they were viewed as popular entertainments. He was featured on the cover of Time magazine in 1927.", "Q474090": "Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making the voices of a narrator and characters as well; the entire story is usually written in metered verse. Narrative poems do not need rhyme. The poems that make up this genre may be short or long, and the story it relates to may be complex. It is normally dramatic, with objectives, diverse and meter. Narrative poems include epics, ballads, idylls, and lays.\nSome narrative poetry takes the form of a novel in verse. An example of this is The Ring and the Book by Robert Browning. In the terms of narrative poetry, a romance is a narrative poem that tells a story of chivalry. Examples include the Romance of the Rose or Tennyson's Idylls of the King. Although those examples use medieval and Arthurian materials, romances may also tell stories from classical mythology. \nShorter narrative poems are often similar in style to the short story. Sometimes, these short narratives are collected into interrelated groups, as with Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. So sagas include both incidental poetry and the biographies of poets. An example is \"The Cremation of Sam McGee\" by Robert Service.", "Q3898": "Castrop-Rauxel (German pronunciation: [\u02c8kast\u0281\u0254p\u02c8\u0281a\u028aks\u0259l]) is a former mining city in the eastern part of the Ruhr Area in Germany.\n\n", "Q1080849": "Christian Lindberg (born 15 February 1958) is a Swedish trombonist, conductor and composer,", "Q251063": "Niagara Motel is a 2006 Canadian drama film directed by Gary Yates. It was adapted by George F. Walker from Suburban Motel his series of six plays. The film earned numerous nominations, including a Genie Award for Best Supporting Actress for Caroline Dhavernas.", "Q313522": "Elmore Rual \"Rip\" Torn, Jr. (February 6, 1931 \u2013 July 9, 2019) was an American actor and voice actor, and had a career that spanned over 60 years.\nTorn was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his part as Marsh Turner in Cross Creek (1983). His work includes the role of Artie the producer on The Larry Sanders Show, for which he was nominated for six Emmy Awards, winning in 1996. He also won an American Comedy Award for Funniest Supporting Male in a Series and two CableACE Awards for his work on the show.", "Q31919": "Vitaly Vladimirovich Klitschko (; Ukrainian: \u0412\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0456\u0439 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0301 [wi\u02c8t\u0251l\u207d\u02b2\u207eij kl\u026at\u0283\u02c8k\u0254]; born 19 July 1971) is a Ukrainian politician and former professional boxer. He currently serves as Mayor of Kiev and head of the Kiev City State Administration, having held both offices since June 2014. Klitschko is a former leader of the Petro Poroshenko Bloc and a former Member of the Ukrainian Parliament. He became actively involved in Ukrainian politics in 2005 and combined this with his professional boxing career until his retirement from the sport in 2013.As a boxer, Klitschko is a three-time world heavyweight champion, the second-longest-reigning WBC heavyweight champion of all time and has the fifth-longest combined world championship reign in history at 2,735 days. He held the WBO title from 1999 to 2000; the Ring magazine title from 2004 to 2005; and the WBC title twice between 2008 and 2013. In 2011, Vitali and his brother Wladimir entered the Guinness World Records book as the pair of brothers with most world heavyweight title fight wins (30 at the time; 40 as of 2020).Standing at 2.01 metres (6 feet 7 inches) and usually coming into fights around 250 pounds, Klitschko was renowned for having exceptional ring dominance. With an 87% knockout percentage, he holds the third highest knockout-to-fight ratios of any world champion in heavyweight boxing history, behind Deontay Wilder and Rocky Marciano while also possessing a highly durable chin. He defeated two world champions (Herbie Hide and Samuel Peter) and five former world champions (Orlin Norris, Corrie Sanders, Juan Carlos G\u00f3mez, Shannon Briggs and Tomasz Adamek) in the course of his career; several other boxers he beat were ranked within the global top ten by BoxRec within a year of him beating them (including Danny Williams, Chris Arreola, Odlanier Solis, and Dereck Chisora). He was still the reigning WBC world heavyweight champion at 42 years of age when he finally announced his retirement in December 2013. His only two losses came via a shoulder injury and a deep cut above his eye, both of which were recorded as stoppages rather than outright knockouts; in both fights he was leading on the judges' scorecards.\nKlitschko is one of nine boxers to defeat at least ten different fighters for the world heavyweight title. Vitali has defeated 15 boxers for the world heavyweight title, the fifth-most in history (tied with Lennox Lewis). He is the only heavyweight boxer to have reigned as world champion in three different decades. Along with Oliver McCall and Nikolai Valuev, he is also the only world heavyweight champion to have never been knocked down in any fight. Klitschko and George Foreman are the only heavyweight boxers in history to defend a world title after turning 40. Being the first professional boxing world champion to hold a PhD degree, and in reference to his punching power, Klitschko's nickname was \"Dr. Ironfist\". His younger brother, Wladimir, is a former unified world heavyweight champion. From 2006 until 2015, Vitali and Wladimir dominated heavyweight boxing, a period typically known as the \"Klitschko Era\" of the division.Klitschko formally began his political career in 2006 when he placed second in the Kiev mayoral race. In 2010, he founded the party Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform (UDAR) and was elected into parliament for this party in 2012. He was a leading figure in the 2013\u20132014 Euromaidan protests, and he announced his possible candidacy for the Ukrainian presidency but later withdrew and endorsed Petro Poroshenko. He was elected Mayor of Kiev on 25 May 2014. Klitschko headed the election list of the winner of the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, the Petro Poroshenko Bloc, but he gave up his parliamentary seat to stay on as Mayor of Kiev. On 28 August 2015 the UDAR party merged into Petro Poroshenko Bloc. Klitschko thus became the new party leader. Klitschko was reelected as mayor on 15 November 2015. Klitschko revived UDAR, and left Petro Poroshenko Bloc with it, in May 2019 and simultaneously announced that UDAR would take part in the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election autonomously. UDAR however failed to win any seats.", "Q102483": "Jaroslav Seifert (Czech: [\u02c8jaroslaf \u02c8sajfr\u0329t] (listen); 23 September 1901 \u2013 10 January 1986) was a Nobel Prize\u2013winning Czechoslovak writer, poet and journalist.\nIn 1984 Jaroslav Seifert won the Nobel Prize in Literature \"for his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man\".", "Q208116": "Sergey Vladimirovich Mikhalkov (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432; 13 March [O.S. 28 February] 1913 \u2212 27 August 2009) was a Soviet and Russian author of children's books and satirical fables who had the opportunity to write the lyrics of his country's national anthem on three different occasions, spanning almost 60 years.", "Q836158": "Leval Alphonso Thompson (born 12 October 1954, Kingston, Jamaica), known as Linval Thompson, is a Jamaican reggae and dub musician and record producer.", "Q345764": "John Joseph \"J.R.\" Moehringer (born December 7, 1964) is an American novelist and journalist. In 2000 he won the Pulitzer Prize for newspaper feature writing.", "Q2003976": "The Polytechnic University of Valencia (Valencian: Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, UPV; IPA: [unive\u027esi\u02c8tat poli\u02c8t\u025b\u014bnika \u00f0e va\u02c8lensia], Spanish: Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia) is a Spanish university located in Valencia, with a focus on science and technology. It was founded in 1968 as the Higher Polytechnic School of Valencia and became a university in 1971, but some of its schools are more than 100 years old.", "Q490464": "Enchanted is a 2007 American live action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film, produced by Walt Disney Pictures, Sonnenfeld Productions and Josephson Entertainment. Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima, the film stars Amy Adams, Patrick Dempsey, James Marsden, Timothy Spall, Idina Menzel, Rachel Covey, and Susan Sarandon. The plot focuses on Giselle, an archetypal Disney Princess, who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City. Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution.\nThe film is both an homage to, and a self-parody of, Disney's animated features, making numerous references to Disney's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking, traditional animation, and computer-generated imagery. It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004. Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz, who had written songs for previous Disney films, wrote and produced the songs of Enchanted, with Menken also composing its score.\nThe animated sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena. Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City. It premiered on October 20, 2007, at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21, 2007, in the United States. Enchanted was well-received critically, established Adams as a leading lady, and earned more than $340 million worldwide at the box office. It won three Saturn Awards, including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams. Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards. A sequel, titled Disenchanted, is in development.", "Q67587": "Bernhard Cossmann (17 May 1822 \u2013 7 May 1910) was a German cellist. Born in Dessau, he first studied under Theodore Muller. During his life, he worked for the Grand Opera in Paris and became acquainted with Franz Liszt, with whom he went to Weimar. In 1866, Cossmann was appointed professor of cello studies at the Moscow Conservatory. However, in 1878, Cossmann helped found the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt, where he occupied the post of teacher of cello.\nCossmann was not only a frequent soloist and quartet member, but was also a composer. His works include three fantasias, Tell, Euryanthe, and multiple solo works for various instruments. In addition, he composed many etudes and studies for the cello, many of which are still used today.\nIn 1890 Cossmann adapted the Erlk\u00f6nig from Franz Schubert for solo cello for the exclusive use of his student Heinrich Kiefer. He wrote this in his score on Frankfurt 28. Nov. 1890 by B. Cossmann.\nBernhard Cossmann, author of many original works and of diverse \u201cPhantasien\u201d on motifs from operas (such as Freischutz, Euryanthe, etc.) as well as on well-known pieces (also for solo cello such as \u201cParaphrase sur une chanson populaire allemande Ach, wie ist\u2019s m\u00f6glich dann. Th\u00fcringen Volkslied\u201d), had formerly dedicated his F\u00fcnf Neue Concert Etuden to Heinrich Kiefer.\nThe transcription of the Erlk\u00f6nig was given to Kiefer in manuscript, for his exclusive use, because with his great talent he would be able to explore the possibilities of the piece and bring it to life; we know that in reality Kiefer studied the Erlk\u00f6nig prepared by his maestro very carefully and wrote another copy (now in a private collection) with many alterations.\nCossmann\u2019s transcription reveals a truly deep knowledge of the cello and of its peculiar potential: nowhere does it show, for example, any influence of the transcription for violin of H.W. Ernst; and in it we can see the reasons for the special admiration that Bernhard Cossman and the Italian virtuoso Alfredo Piatti had for each other, as Carl Fuchs tells us: \u201cAlfredo Piatti was one of the great \u2018cellists. He dedicated to my master Cossmann his Twelve Caprices, beautiful studies. The admiration of these two great \u2018cellists was mutual, for Cossmann dedicated his five great Concert Studies (op.10) to Piatti.\u201d.He died in Frankfurt.\nOne of his sons, Paul Nikolaus Cossmann (born 1869), author of a brief book on Hans Pfitzner (1904), died of typhus at Theresienstadt in 1942.", "Q1032023": "Stuart Conan Wilson (born 25 December 1946) is an English actor of film, television, and stage who is best known for his villainous and supporting roles in popular films like Lethal Weapon 3, The Age of Innocence, No Escape, Death and the Maiden, The Mask of Zorro, Enemy of the State, and Hot Fuzz.", "Q257412": "Brooke Langton (born November 27, 1970) is an American actress. She is best known for the role of Samantha Reilly in the Fox prime time soap opera, Melrose Place from 1996 to 1998. Langton later had the leading role in the short-lived USA Network drama series, The Net (1998\u201399), and was the female lead in the 2000 comedy film The Replacements.", "Q3640": "Ankara (, also US: , Turkish: [\u02c8a\u014bka\u027ea] (listen)), historically known as Ancyra () and Angora (, also US: ), is the capital of Turkey, situated on the bank of river Kizil. With a population of 4,587,558 in the urban centre (2014) and 5,150,072 in its province (2015), it is Turkey's second largest city after Istanbul (the former imperial capital), having outranked \u0130zmir in the 20th century. Ankara covers an area of 24,521 km2 (9,468 sq mi).\nOn 23 April 1920 the Grand National Assembly of Turkey was established in Ankara, which became the headquarters of Atat\u00fcrk and the Turkish National Movement during the Turkish War of Independence. Ankara became the new Turkish capital upon the establishment of the Republic on 29 October 1923, succeeding in this role the former Turkish capital Istanbul (Constantinople) following the fall of the Ottoman Empire. The government is a prominent employer, but Ankara is also an important commercial and industrial city, located at the centre of Turkey's road and railway networks. The city gave its name to the Angora wool shorn from Angora rabbits, the long-haired Angora goat (the source of mohair), and the Angora cat. The area is also known for its pears, honey and muscat grapes. Although situated in one of the driest places of Turkey and surrounded mostly by steppe vegetation except for the forested areas on the southern periphery, Ankara can be considered a green city in terms of green areas per inhabitant, at 72 square metres (775 square feet) per head.Ankara is a very old city with various Hittite, Phrygian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman archaeological sites. The historical centre of town is a rocky hill rising 150 m (500 ft) over the left bank of the Ankara \u00c7ay\u0131, a tributary of the Sakarya River, the classical Sangarius. The hill remains crowned by the ruins of the old citadel. Although few of its outworks have survived, there are well-preserved examples of Roman and Ottoman architecture throughout the city, the most remarkable being the 20 BC Temple of Augustus and Rome that boasts the Monumentum Ancyranum, the inscription recording the Res Gestae Divi Augusti.", "Q40138": "Monique Frize, , n\u00e9e Aubry (born 7 January 1942) is a Canadian biomedical engineer and professor, knowledgeable in medical instruments and decision support systems. Notably, her scientific research and outreach efforts led her to receive the prestigious distinction of Officer of the Order of Canada.\n\n", "Q66841": "Bannwil is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q442522": "Marga Minco (pseudonym of Sara Menco, born 31 March 1920) is a Dutch journalist and writer. Her real surname was Menco, but an official accidentally switched the first vowel.", "Q58777": "Prince August Wilhelm Heinrich G\u00fcnther Viktor of Prussia (29 January 1887 \u2013 25 March 1949), called \"Auwi\", was the fourth son of Wilhelm II, German Emperor by his first wife, Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein. He was a vocal supporter of Nazism and of Adolf Hitler.\n\n", "Q759804": "Jan van de Cappelle (or Joannes / van der / Capelle in various combinations; 25 January 1626 (baptized) \u2013 22 December 1679 (buried)) was a Dutch Golden Age painter of seascapes and winter landscapes, also notable as an industrialist and art collector. He is \"now considered the outstanding marine painter of 17th century Holland\". He lived all his life in Amsterdam, and as well as working as an artist spent much, or most, of his time helping to manage his father Franchoy's large dyeworks, which specialized in the expensive dye carmine, and which he eventually inherited in 1674. Presumably because of this dual career, there are fewer than 150 surviving paintings, a relatively small number for the industrious painters of the Dutch Golden Age. His marine paintings usually show estuary or river scenes rather than the open sea, and the water is always very calm, allowing it to act as a mirror reflecting the cloud formations above; this effect was Cappelle's speciality.", "Q1752598": "Kevin James Borg (born 9 June 1986, in Floriana, Malta), is a Maltese pop singer who lives and works in Sweden. Borg rose to fame as the winner of the fifth series of the Swedish television singing competition Idol in 2008. He was the third male winner and the first in the show's history to be born outside of Sweden, having moved there exactly one year before he was declared winner.", "Q57322": "Volker Beck (born 12 December 1960) is a German politician. From 1994 to 2017, he was a member of the Bundestag, the German federal parliament, for the Green Party. Beck served as the Green Party Speaker for Legal Affairs from 1994\u20132002, and as the Green Party Chief Whip in the Bundestag till 2013. He was spokesman of the Green Parliamentary Group for interior affairs and religion. In 2014 he was elected President of the German-Israeli Parliamentary Friendship Group of the German Bundestag.\n\n", "Q115841": "Samuel Schmid (born 8 January 1947 in R\u00fcti bei B\u00fcren, Canton of Bern) is a Swiss politician who was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 2000 to 2008. He was the head of the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports (notably acting as a defense minister for Switzerland).\nHe was elected to the Federal Council on 6 December 2000. He was a member of the Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), and is now a member of the Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland. During his time in office he has held the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports. In 2004, he was the vice-President of the Confederation and President in 2005.\nSchmid was a member of the SVP's centrist/agrarian wing. He was put under pressure by the party's nationalist wing, led by National Councillor Christoph Blocher, for taking a moderate stance on certain issues. After the SVP became the largest party in the Federal Assembly in the 2003 federal elections, the SVP threatened to remove Schmid from the Council if it didn't get an additional seat (which eventually went to Blocher in that year).\nAfter Blocher was defeated for reelection to the Federal Council in favour of another SVP moderate, Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, the SVP caucus voted to exclude Schmid and Widmer-Schlumpf from the party group. Some called for them to be thrown out of the party altogether. However, Swiss parties are legally federations of cantonal parties. For Schmid to have been expelled, the SVP's Bern section would have had to terminate his membership, and it refused to do so. In 2008, Schmid joined the newly formed Conservative Democratic Party, along with almost all of the SVP's Bern section.\nOn 12 November 2008, Schmid resigned from the Federal Council effective 1 January 2009. The resignation followed a months-long period of intense political pressure by the Swiss People's Party owing to scandals and accidents in the Swiss military, as well as bouts of ill health. Samuel Schmid was succeeded by Ueli Maurer of the Swiss People's Party.", "Q104794": "Brigitte Riebe (born 1953 in Munich) is a German author of crime and feminist fiction. She writes thrillers under the pseudonym Lara Stern. She lives with her husband in Munich.", "Q322099": "Deron John Miller (born May 21, 1976) is an American heavy metal musician. He is best known as the former lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of alternative metal band CKY, which he co-founded in 1998. Other bands Miller fronts include the progressive metal band Foreign Objects, the melodic death metal group World Under Blood and the band 96 Bitter Beings.", "Q211321": "2001: A Space Travesty is a 2000 comedy film directed by Allan A. Goldstein and starring Leslie Nielsen, Oph\u00e9lie Winter, Peter Egan, and Ezio Greggio. The film has a few sequences parodying elements of 2001: A Space Odyssey, but is not focused on parodying that film alone. Filming took place in Los Angeles, California.", "Q4934394": "Robert E. \u201cBob\u201d Willen from Shoreham, New York is a former U.S. soccer goalkeeper who was the 1987 ISAA Goalkeeper of the Year. He is currently a partner at A.T. Kearney and managing director for the Middle East based in Dubai. He also leads the Government and Economic Development Practice. Previously, he had responsibility for A.T. Kearney's global Automotive; Aerospace & Defense; Transportation and Industrials practice areas; and the United States public sector practice.", "Q953918": "Mumford & Sons are a British folk rock band formed in 2007. The band consists of Marcus Mumford (lead vocals, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, drums), Ben Lovett (vocals, keyboards, piano), Winston Marshall (vocals, electric guitar, banjo) and Ted Dwane (vocals, bass guitar, double bass).\nMumford & Sons have released four studio albums: Sigh No More (2009), Babel (2012), Wilder Mind (2015) and Delta (2018). Their debut Sigh No More peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart and the Billboard 200 in the US, with Babel and Wilder Mind both debuting at number one in the UK and US, the former becoming the fastest-selling rock album of the decade and leading to a headline performance at Glastonbury Festival in 2013. The band has also issued three live albums: Live at Shepherd's Bush Empire (2011), The Road to Red Rocks (2012) and Live from South Africa: Dust and Thunder (2017).\nThe band has won a number of music awards throughout their career, with Sigh No More earning the band the Brit Award for Best British Album in 2011, a Mercury Prize nomination and six overall Grammy Award nominations. The live performance at the 2011 Grammy ceremony with Bob Dylan and The Avett Brothers led to a surge in popularity for the band in the US. The band received eight total Grammy nominations for Babel and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The band also won the Brit Award for Best British Group in 2013.", "Q1351266": "Eric Theodore Erlandson (born January 9, 1963) is an American musician, guitarist, and writer, primarily known as founding member, songwriter and lead guitarist of alternative rock band Hole from 1989 to 2002. He has also had several musical side projects, including Rodney & the Tube Tops, which he formed with Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth, and RRIICCEE with Vincent Gallo.\nWhile studying creative writing, Erlandson published a book titled Letters to Kurt in 2012, consisting of free-form and stream-of-consciousness poetry.", "Q508359": "Nona Aisha Gaye (sources differ) (born September 4, 1974) is an American singer, former fashion model, and actress. The daughter of singer Marvin Gaye and granddaughter of jazz musician Slim Gaillard, Gaye began her career as a vocalist in the early 1990s. As an actress, Gaye is best known for her portrayal of Zee in the 2003 science fiction films, The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions.\n\n", "Q3126": "Erlangen (German pronunciation: [\u02cc\u025b\u0250\u032f\u02c8la\u014b\u0259n] (listen); East Franconian: Erlang) is a Middle Franconian city in Bavaria, Germany. It is the seat of the administrative district Erlangen-H\u00f6chstadt (former administrative district Erlangen) and with 113,758 inhabitants (as of 30 June 2019) it is the smallest of the eight major cities in Bavaria. The number of inhabitants exceeded the threshold of 100,000 in 1974, making Erlangen a major city.\nTogether with Nuremberg, F\u00fcrth and Schwabach, Erlangen forms one of the three metropolises in Bavaria. With the surrounding area, these cities form the European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, one of 11 metropolitan areas in Germany. The cities of Nuremberg, F\u00fcrth and Erlangen also form a triangle on a map, which represents the heartland of the Nuremberg conurbation.\nAn element of the city that goes back a long way in history, but is still noticeable, is the settlement of Huguenots after the withdrawal of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. Today, many aspects of daily life in the city are dominated by the Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and the Siemens technology group.\n\n", "Q221": "North Macedonia (before 2019, Macedonia), officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a country in the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It gained its independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Yugoslavia. A landlocked country, North Macedonia has borders with Kosovo to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south, and Albania to the west. It constitutes approximately the northern third of the larger geographical region of Macedonia. The capital and largest city, Skopje, is home to roughly a quarter of the country's 2.06 million inhabitants. The majority of the residents are ethnic Macedonians, a South Slavic people. Albanians form a significant minority at around 25%, followed by Turks, Romani, Serbs, Bosniaks, and Aromanians.\nThe history of the region dates back to antiquity, beginning with the kingdom of Paeonia, presumably a mixed Thraco-Illyrian polity. In the late sixth century BC, the area was incorporated into the Persian Achaemenid Empire, then annexed by the kingdom of Macedonia in the fourth century BC. The Romans conquered the region in the second century BC and made it part of the much larger province of Macedonia. The area remained part of the Byzantine Empire, but was often raided and settled by Slavic tribes beginning in the sixth century of the Christian era. Following centuries of contention between the Bulgarian, Byzantine, and Serbian Empire, it was part of the Ottoman dominion from the mid-14th until the early 20th century, when, following the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913, the modern territory of North Macedonia came under Serbian rule.\nDuring the First World War (1915\u20131918), it was ruled by Bulgaria, but after the end of the war it returned to being under Serbian rule as part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Later, during the Second World War (1941\u20131944), it was ruled by Bulgaria again, and in 1945 it was established as a constituent state of communist Yugoslavia, which it remained until its peaceful secession in 1991. The country became a member of the United Nations in April 1993, but as a result of a dispute with Greece over the name \"Macedonia\", it was admitted under the provisional description the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (abbreviated as FYR Macedonia and FYROM). In June 2018, Macedonia and Greece resolved the conflict with an agreement that the country should rename itself \"Republic of North Macedonia\". This renaming came into effect in February 2019.\nA unitary parliamentary constitutional republic, North Macedonia is a member of the UN, NATO, Council of Europe, World Bank, OSCE, CEFTA, and the WTO. Since 2005, it has also been a candidate for joining the European Union. North Macedonia is an upper-middle-income country and has undergone considerable economic reform since independence in developing an open economy. North Macedonia is a developing country, ranking 82nd on the Human Development Index, and provides a social security, universal health care system, and free primary and secondary education to its citizens.", "Q1419737": "The Guildhall School of Music and Drama is a conservatoire and drama school located in the City of London, United Kingdom. Established in 1880, the school offers undergraduate and postgraduate training in all aspects of classical music and jazz along with drama and technical theatre arts. The school is a leading international conservatoire with students from over seventy countries. It has one of the most prestigious performing arts programmes in the world, having been ranked the number one U.K. conservatoire in the 2019 Guardian league tables for music and as the sixth university in the world for performing arts in the 2020 QS World University Rankings.Based within the heart of the Barbican Centre in the City of London, the school currently numbers just over 1000 students, approximately 800 of whom are music students and 200 on the drama and technical theatre programmes. The school is a member of Conservatoires UK, the European Association of Conservatoires and the Federation of Drama Schools. It also has formed a creative alliance with its neighbours, the Barbican Centre and the London Symphony Orchestra. Notable alumni of the school include: Sir Bryn Terfel, Sir James Galway, Daniel Craig and Ewan McGregor.", "Q51753": "Elias Boudinot ( i-LY-\u0259s boo-DIN-ot; May 2, 1740 \u2013 October 24, 1821) was a lawyer and statesman from Elizabeth, New Jersey who was a delegate to the Continental Congress (more accurately referred to as the Congress of the Confederation) and served as President of Congress from 1782 to 1783. He was elected as a U.S. Congressman for New Jersey following the American Revolutionary War. He was appointed by President George Washington as Director of the United States Mint, serving from 1795 until 1805.", "Q236946": "Paget Valerie Brewster (; born March 10, 1969) is an American actress and singer. She was first recognized for her recurring role as Kathy on the fourth season of the NBC sitcom Friends. Her breakthrough role came as Supervisory Special Agent Emily Prentiss on the crime drama Criminal Minds, on which she appeared regularly from 2006 to 2012, and then returned to for guest appearances, before returning regularly in 2016. Her other roles include voicing Elise and Mr. Mumbles on Dan Vs., Frankie Dart on the final season of Community, the voice of Birdgirl in Harvey Birdman Attorney at Law, Sara Kingsley on the Fox sitcom Grandfathered, and voicing Donald Duck's twin sister Della in the 2017 series of DuckTales, marking the first animated appearance of the character.\n\n", "Q181952": "Pope John XIII (Latin: Ioannes XIII; died 6 September 972) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 1 October 965 to his death. His pontificate was caught up in the continuing conflict between the Holy Roman emperor, Otto I, and the Roman nobility. After long and arduous negotiations, he succeeded in arranging a Byzantine marriage for Otto II, in an effort to legitimize the Ottonian claim to imperial dignity. He also established church hierarchy in Poland and Bohemia.", "Q164060": "Brandi M. Carlile (born June 1, 1981) is a multiple Grammy award winning singer-songwriter and producer whose music spans multiple genres. As of 2020, Carlile has released six studio albums and earned eleven Grammy Award nominations, including one for The Firewatcher's Daughter, six for By the Way, I Forgive You, and three for her work as producer and songwriter on Tanya Tucker\u2019s 2019 album While I\u2019m Livin\u2019. She was the most nominated woman at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards (six) including nominations for Album of the Year (By the Way, I Forgive You), Record of the Year and Song of the Year (\"The Joke\"). In 2019, Carlile formed an all-female quartet with Amanda Shires, Maren Morris and Natalie Hemby called The Highwomen. They released their debut album The Highwomen in 2019 to critical and commercial acclaim. \nBorn in Ravensdale, Washington, a rural town southeast of Seattle, Carlile dropped out of high school to pursue a career in music, teaching herself piano and guitar. Her debut major label album, Brandi Carlile, was released to critical acclaim yet achieved limited commercial success. Carlile garnered wider recognition with her 2007 single \"The Story\", from her album of the same name. The Story was awarded gold status in 2017, having sold more than 500,000 copies to date. The Firewatcher's Daughter earned her a Grammy nomination for Best Americana Album and peaked at No. 9 on the Billboard 200.Carlile has released seven albums, including The Story (2007), Give Up the Ghost (2009), and Live at Benaroya Hall with the Seattle Symphony (2011), the latter reaching No. 14 on the Top Rock Albums chart. In May 2017, Carlile released Cover Stories, featuring 14 artists covering tracks from the original The Story album, including Adele, Pearl Jam, and Dolly Parton, it debuted at No. 30 on the Billboard 200. Her latest album, By the Way, I Forgive You, was released in February 2018 to critical and commercial acclaim. It debuted at No. 5 on the Billboard 200, her highest charted position to date, and also reached No. 1 on Billboard's Top Rock Albums.\nCarlile's music through the years has been categorized in several genres, including pop, rock, alternative country, and folk. She said of her style, \"I've gone through all sorts of vocal phases, from pop to blues to R&B, but no matter what I do, I just can't get the country and western out of my voice.\" Carlile has been a part of several activism campaigns and an advocate for causes ranging from spreading awareness for health issues to LGBT rights and empowerment of women.", "Q333194": "K\u014dichi Yamadera (\u5c71\u5bfa \u5b8f\u4e00, Yamadera K\u014dichi, born June 17, 1961) is a Japanese actor, voice actor, singer and narrator from Shiogama, Miyagi Prefecture. He graduated from Tohoku Gakuin University's economics school and is currently affiliated with Across Entertainment. Before that, he was affiliated with the Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society.His nickname is Yama-chan (\u5c71\u3061\u3083\u3093). As a radio personality, he is known as Bazooka Yamadera (\u30d0\u30ba\u30fc\u30ab\u5c71\u5bfa, Baz\u016bka Yamadera) among other things. He is best known for his roles in Ninja Scroll (as J\u016bbei Kibagami), Cowboy Bebop (as Spike Spiegel), Dragon Ball Super (as Beerus), Ghost in the Shell (as Togusa), Neon Genesis Evangelion (as Ryoji Kaji), Anpanman (as Cheese), Ranma \u00bd (as Ry\u014dga Hibiki/P-chan and the Jusenky\u014d Guide) and the current voice of Koichi Zenigata (Lupin III). He is also known for voicing Jim Carrey and Eddie Murphy in the Japanese language releases of their respective films, as well as being the official dubbed voice of Donald Duck in Japanese. During the film Batman Ninja, he also known for the dubbed voice of Batman.", "Q738236": "The National University of Singapore (NUS) is a public research university in Singapore. Founded in 1905 as the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States Government Medical School, NUS is the oldest higher education institution in Singapore. It is consistently ranked within the top 100 universities in the world and the top 3 universities in the Asia-Pacific. NUS is a comprehensive research university, offering a wide range of disciplines, including the sciences, medicine and dentistry, design and environment, law, arts and social sciences, engineering, business, computing and music at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. \nNUS's main campus is located in the southwestern part of Singapore, adjacent to Kent Ridge, accommodating an area of 150 ha (0.58 sq mi). The Duke-NUS Medical School, which is a postgraduate medical school in collaboration with Duke University, is located at the Outram campus. Its Bukit Timah campus houses the Faculty of Law and Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. The Yale-NUS College, which is a liberal arts college created in collaboration with Yale University, is located at University Town. NUS incorporates four national level institutes, honoured as research centre of excellence in Singapore, which includes the Mechanobiology Institute. NUS has a Nobel Laureate (Konstantin Novoselov) on its faculty.", "Q246279": "Gunno Dahlstierna (September 7, 1661 \u2013 September 7, 1709) was a Swedish poet", "Q381726": "Leif Selim Segerstam ( LAYF, Swedish: [\u02c8l\u025bjf \u02c8s\u011b\u02d0\u0261\u025b\u0282\u0288am]; born 2 March 1944) is a Finnish conductor, composer, violinist, violist and pianist, especially known for writing 335 symphonies as of September 2019, along with other works in his extensive oeuvre.\nSegerstam has conducted in a variety of orchestras since 1963, mostly American, Australian and European orchestras. He is widely known through his recorded discography, which includes the complete symphonies of Blomdahl, Brahms, Mahler, Nielsen, and Sibelius, as well as many works by contemporary composers, such as the American composers John Corigliano and Christopher Rouse, the Finnish composer Einojuhani Rautavaara, Swedish composer Allan Pettersson and the Russian composers Alfred Schnittke and Alexander Scriabin.His contributions to the Finnish music scene and his vibrant personality have contributed to his fame.", "Q217750": "Czes\u0142awa Gospodarek (n\u00e9e Cie\u015blak; 10 June 1938 \u2013 5 December 2011), known by her stage name Violetta Villas, was a Polish and international cabaret star, singer, actress, composer and songwriter. Her voice was characterized as coloratura soprano, which spanned over four octaves. She could play the piano, violin, and trombone and had absolute pitch. Characterisations of her included \"the voice of the atomic age\", \"the singing toast of the continent\", \"a voice like French champagne\", and the \"Polish Yma Sumac\". Villas was the first star of the Casino de Paris at Dunes Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas (1966\u20131970).Villas was known for her conspicuous wardrobe and number-one hits. During her show business career, Villas acted in six films, performed in numerous musical shows, and recorded almost three hundred songs in ten languages, including Polish, English, French, German, Italian, Latin, Neapolitan, Russian, Spanish and Portuguese. She was an animal rights activist.\nIn 2011, Villas received the Medal for Merit to Culture \u2013 Gloria Artis.\n\n", "Q158799": "Berdychiv (Ukrainian: \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0456\u0432, Polish: Berdycz\u00f3w, Yiddish: \u05d1\u05d0\u05b7\u05e8\u05d3\u05d9\u05d8\u05e9\u05e2\u05f0\u200e, romanized: Bardichev, Russian: \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0432, romanized: Berdichev) is a historic city in the Zhytomyr Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Berdychiv Raion (district), the city itself is of direct oblast subordinance, and does not belong to the district. It is 44 km (27 mi) south of the oblast capital, Zhytomyr. Its population is approximately 76,711\u2009(2017 est.).", "Q1020341": "Tarrytown is a village in the town of Greenburgh in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is located on the eastern bank of the Hudson River, about 25 miles (40 km) north of midtown Manhattan in New York City, and is served by a stop on the Metro-North Hudson Line. To the north of Tarrytown is the village of Sleepy Hollow (formerly \"North Tarrytown\"), to the south the village of Irvington and to the east unincorporated parts of Greenburgh. The Tappan Zee Bridge crosses the Hudson at Tarrytown, carrying the New York State Thruway (Interstates 87 and 287) to South Nyack, Rockland County and points in Upstate New York. The population was 11,277 at the 2010 census.\n\n", "Q440453": "Lisa Azuelos (born 6 November 1965 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) is a French director, writer, and producer. She is the daughter of singer Marie Lafor\u00eat and her father is of Sephardic descent.", "Q6004250": "Mar\u00eda Magdalena Campos-Pons (born July 22, 1959) is a Cuban-born artist based in Nashville, Tennessee. Campos-Pons works primarily in photography, performance, audiovisual media, and sculpture. She is considered a \"key figure\" among Cuban artists who found their voice in a post-revolutionary Cuba. Her art deals with themes of Cuban culture, gender and sexuality, multicultural identity (Cuban, Chinese, and Nigerian) as well as interracial family (Cuban-American), and religion/spirituality (in particular, Roman Catholicism and Santer\u00eda).\n\n", "Q1731": "Dresden (, German: [\u02c8d\u0281e\u02d0sdn\u0329] (listen); Upper and Lower Sorbian: Drje\u017ed\u017aany; Czech: Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fany; Polish: Drezno) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, following only Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth largest by area (following only Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne), and the third most populous city in the area of former East Germany, following only (East) Berlin and Leipzig. Dresden is contiguous with Freital, Pirna, Radebeul, Meissen and Coswig, and its urban area has around 780,000 inhabitants, making it the largest in Saxony.\nThe largest city on the River Elbe after Hamburg. Most of Dresden's population lives in the Elbe Valley, but a large, albeit very sparsely populated area of the city east of the Elbe lies in the West Lusatian Hill Country and Uplands (the westernmost part of the Sudetes) and thus in Lusatia, while many boroughs west of the Elbe lie in the foreland of the Ore Mountains as well as in the valleys of the rivers rising there and flowing through Dresden, the longest of which are the Wei\u00dferitz and the Lockwitzbach.\nThe name of the city as well as the names of most of its boroughs and rivers are of Slavic origin. Dresden is the second largest city in the Thuringian-Upper Saxon dialect area, following only Leipzig. The Sorbian language area begins east of the city, in Lusatia.\nDresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony, who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor, and was once by personal union the family seat of Polish monarchs. The city was known as the Jewel Box, because of its baroque and rococo city centre. The controversial American and British bombing of Dresden in World War II towards the end of the war killed approximately 25,000 people, many of whom were civilians, and destroyed the entire city centre. After the war restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city, including the Katholische Hofkirche, the Zwinger and the Semper Oper.\nSince German reunification in 1990 Dresden has again become a cultural, educational and political centre of Germany and Europe. The Dresden University of Technology is one of the 10 largest universities in Germany and part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative. The economy of Dresden and its agglomeration is one of the most dynamic in Germany and ranks first in Saxony. It is dominated by high-tech branches, often called \u201cSilicon Saxony\u201d. The city is also one of the most visited in Germany with 4.3 million overnight stays per year. Main sights are also the nearby National Park of Saxon Switzerland, the Ore Mountains and the countryside around Elbe Valley and Moritzburg Castle. The most prominent building in the city of Dresden is the Frauenkirche. Built in the 18th century, the church was destroyed during World War II. The remaining ruins were left for 50 years as a war memorial, before being rebuilt between 1994 and 2005.\nAccording to the Hamburgische Weltwirtschaftsinstitut (HWWI) and Berenberg Bank in 2017, Dresden has the fourth best prospects for the future of all cities in Germany.", "Q978545": "Javier Sicilia (1956, Mexico City) is a Mexican poet, essayist, novelist, peace activist and journalist in Mexico. He contributes to various print media such as the Mexico City daily La Jornada and Proceso magazine. He was founder and director of El Telar (\"The Loom\"), coordinator of several writing workshops, is a film and television writer, editor of Poes\u00eda magazine, a member of the editorial board of Los Universitarios y Cartapacios, the National System of Creators of Art since 1995, and is a professor of literature, aesthetics and screenwriting at Universidad La Salle at Cuernavaca and was director of the now-defunct magazine Ixtus.", "Q618694": "A fighter pilot is a military aviator trained to engage in air-to-air combat, air-to-ground combat and sometimes electronic warfare while in the cockpit of a fighter aircraft. Fighter pilots undergo specialized training in aerial warfare and dogfighting (close range aerial combat). A fighter pilot with at least five air-to-air kills becomes known as an ace.", "Q379923": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Marmontel (11 July 1723 \u2013 31 December 1799) was a French historian and writer, a member of the Encyclop\u00e9distes movement.", "Q87473": "Felix Hollaender (1 November 1867 \u2013 29 May 1931) was a German writer, critic, dramaturge and theatre director. At one point he worked as a stage producer with his friend Max Reinhardt.", "Q311453": "Brent Jay Spiner (; born February 2, 1949) is an American actor, comedian, musician and singer best known for his portrayal of the android Data in the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation and four subsequent films. In 1997, he won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of Data in Star Trek: First Contact, and was nominated in the same category for portraying Dr. Brackish Okun in Independence Day, a role he reprised in Independence Day: Resurgence. He has also enjoyed a career in the theatre and as a musician.", "Q459102": "Neil Patrick Cavuto (born September 22, 1958) is an American television news anchor, commentator, and business journalist for Fox News. He hosts three television programs: Your World with Neil Cavuto and Cavuto Live, both on Fox News, and Cavuto: Coast to Coast on sister channel Fox Business Network since January 20, 2018.\nCavuto also tapes a nightly wrap-up of business news which airs on local FOX affiliates during the late news and has a syndicated radio business news segment that airs on weekday afternoons. He is the senior vice president and managing editor of business news for the Fox Business Network, and oversees content and business coverage. He is the author of two books.", "Q97660": "Willi Ankerm\u00fcller (18 March 1901, Bad Neustadt an der Saale, Lower Franconia - 7 July 1986 in Grosshesselohe) was a German politician and jurist. He represented the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU), and was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria in the 1950s.", "Q161118": "The Communist Party of Austria (German: Kommunistische Partei \u00d6sterreichs, KP\u00d6) is a communist party in Austria. Established in 1918 as the Communist Party of German-Austria (KPD\u00d6), it is one of the world's oldest Communist parties. The KP\u00d6 was banned between 1933 and 1945 under both the Austrofascist regime and the Nazi German control of Austria after the 1938 Anschluss. It played an important role in the Austrian resistance against the Nazis.The party currently holds two seats in the Styrian Landtag (state parliament), but has not had representation in the National Council (Nationalrat, Austria's federal parliament) since 1959. At the legislative election held on 29 September 2019, it won only 0.7% of the votes (32,736 out of a total of 4,835,469), well below the 4% minimum to obtain seats in the National Council.\nIt is part of the New European Left Forum (NELF) and the Party of the European Left.", "Q1333385": "Scott Mitchell Putesky (April 28, 1968 \u2013 October 22, 2017), formerly known by the stage name Daisy Berkowitz, was an American musician, who was the lead guitarist and co-founder of the industrial metal band Marilyn Manson. His stage name was created by combining Daisy Duke from The Dukes of Hazzard, with the serial killer David Berkowitz. He left the band on May 8, 1996, halfway through the recording of Antichrist Superstar.\n\n", "Q1874634": "Benjamin L. Abruzzo (June 9, 1930 \u2013 February 11, 1985) was an American hot air balloonist and businessman. He helped increase the reputation of Albuquerque as a center of lighter-than-air and hot-air ballooning.", "Q216466": "Alejo Carpentier y Valmont (December 26, 1904 \u2013 April 24, 1980) was a Cuban novelist, essayist, and musicologist who greatly influenced Latin American literature during its famous \"boom\" period. Born in Lausanne, Switzerland, Carpentier grew up in Havana, Cuba, and despite his European birthplace, he strongly self-identified as Cuban throughout his life. He traveled extensively, particularly in France, and to South America and Mexico, where he met prominent members of the Latin American cultural and artistic community. Carpentier took a keen interest in Latin American politics and often aligned himself with revolutionary movements, such as Fidel Castro's Communist Revolution in Cuba in the mid-20th century. Carpentier was jailed and exiled for his leftist political philosophies.\nWith a developed knowledge of music, Carpentier explored musicology, publishing an in-depth study of the music of Cuba, La m\u00fasica en Cuba and integrated musical themes and literary techniques throughout his works. He explored elements of Afro-Cubanism and incorporated the cultural aspects into the majority of his writings. Although Carpentier wrote in a myriad of genres, such as journalism, radio drama, playwrighting, academic essays, opera and libretto, he is best known for his novels. He was among the first practitioners of magical realism using the technique, lo real maravilloso to explore the fantastic quality of Latin American history and culture. The most famous example of Afro-Cuban influence and use of lo real maravilloso is Carpentier's 1949 novel El reino de este mundo (The Kingdom of this World) about the Haitian revolution of the late 18th century.\nCarpentier's writing style integrated the resurgent Baroque style, or New World Baroque style that Latin American artists adopted from the European model and assimilated to the Latin American artistic vision. With a first-hand experience of the French Surrealist movement, Carpentier also adapted the Surrealist theory to Latin American literature. Always eager to explore more than Cuban identity, Carpentier used his traveling experiences throughout Europe and Latin American to expand his understanding of Latin American identity. Carpentier wove elements of Latin American political history, music, social injustice and art into the tapestries of his writings, all of which exerted a decisive influence on the works of younger Latin American and Cuban writers like Lisandro Otero, Leonardo Padura and Fernando Vel\u00e1zquez Medina.\nCarpentier died in Paris in 1980 and was buried in Havana's Colon Cemetery with other Cuban political and artistic luminaries.\n\n", "Q551204": "Stepan Prokofyevich Timoshenko (Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0444\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, IPA: [s\u02b2t\u02b2\u026a\u02c8pan pr\u0250\u02c8kof\u02b2\u026a\u032f\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0361\u0255 t\u02b2\u026am\u0250\u02c8\u0282\u025bnk\u0259], Ukrainian: \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e) (December 23, 1878 \u2013 May 29, 1972), was a Ukrainian-born Russian and, later, an American engineer and academician. He is considered to be the father of modern engineering mechanics. An inventor and one of the pioneering mechanical engineers at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. A founding member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Timoshenko wrote seminal works in the areas of engineering mechanics, elasticity and strength of materials, many of which are still widely used today. Having started his scientific career in the Russian Empire, Timoshenko emigrated to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes during the Russian Civil War and then to the United States.", "Q344334": "Istanbul Technical University (Turkish \u0130stanbul Teknik \u00dcniversitesi, commonly referred to as ITU or Technical University) is an international technical university located in Istanbul, Turkey. It is the world's third-oldest technical university dedicated to engineering sciences as well as social sciences recently, and is one of the most prominent educational institutions in Turkey. ITU is ranked 173rd worldwide (1st nationwide) in the field of \"Engineering & Technology\", and 307th worldwide (1st nationwide) in the field of \"Natural Sciences\" by the QS World University Rankings in 2016.Acceptance to the university is competitive, and entrance to most of its departments requires scoring among the top 1% of the nearly 2 million applicants in the national university entrance examination known as \"YKS\". Graduates of ITU have received many TUBITAK science and TUBA awards. Numerous graduates have also become members of the academy of sciences in the U.S.A, Britain and Russia. The university's basketball team, ITUSpor, is in the Turkish Basketball Second League. \nThe university has 39 undergraduate, 144 graduate programs, 13 faculties, 346 labs and 12 research centers. Its student-to-faculty ratio is 12:1.", "Q432953": "Reiko Ike (\u6c60 \u73b2\u5b50, Ike Reiko, born May 25, 1953 in Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese actress, singer, and entertainer. She is best known for her roles in the genre of action/erotic movies known as pink films. Ike also released an album of songs in 1971, K\u014dkotsu No Sekai. After a drug-related arrest, and another arrest for illegal gambling in the 1970s, Ike dropped out of the entertainment business.", "Q276392": "Saw III is a 2006 horror film directed by Darren Lynn Bousman from a screenplay by Leigh Whannell and a story by Whannell and James Wan. It is the third installment in the Saw film series. The film stars Tobin Bell, Shawnee Smith, Angus Macfadyen, Bahar Soomekh, Dina Meyer, Donnie Wahlberg, and Whannell.\nThe story follows Jeff, a man who, after his son is killed by a drunk driver, is put through a series of tests by Jigsaw in order to try to get him to let go of his vengeance for the man that killed his son. Meanwhile, a bed-ridden John Kramer has his apprentice Amanda Young kidnap Dr. Lynn Denlon, who is tasked with keeping John alive for one final test before he dies.\nDevelopment began right after the successful opening weekend of Saw II. Filming took place in Toronto from May to June 2006. Whannell aimed to make the story more emotional than previous installments, particularly with the Amanda and Jigsaw storyline. The film is dedicated to producer Gregg Hoffman who died on December 4, 2005.\nSaw III was released in the United States on October 27, 2006, by Lionsgate. It was a financial success, opening to $33.6 million and grossing $80.2 million in the United States and Canada. It is the highest-grossing film of the series in the international market with $84.6 million and the highest-grossing film in the series overall with $164.9 million worldwide. It received mixed to negative reviews from critics. Bell was nominated for \"Best Villain\" at the 2007 MTV Movie Awards and the film received nominations for a Saturn Award as \"Best Horror Film\". The film was released to DVD and Blu-ray on January 23, 2007, and topped the charts selling 2.5 million units in its first week. A sequel, titled Saw IV, was released in 2007.", "Q92730": "Michael David May FRS FREng (born 24 February 1951) is a British computer scientist. He is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Bristol and founder of XMOS Semiconductor, serving until February 2014 as the chief technology officer.May was lead architect for the transputer. As of 2017, he holds 56 patents, all in microprocessors and multi-processing.", "Q1280173": "Peter Alexis Shukoff (born August 15, 1979), also known as Nice Peter or Bluesocks, is an American comedian, musician and Internet personality. A self-described \"Comic/Guitar Hero\", he is best known for the comedy on his YouTube channel, NicePeter, especially the comedic series Epic Rap Battles of History. As of June 8, 2016, NicePeter has over 2.6 million YouTube subscribers. The day after hitting one million subscribers, the video game channel G4 crowned Nice Peter the King of Dot Comedy on Attack of the Show. His two channels, Nice Peter and Epic Rap Battles (ERB), have a total of over 17 million subscribers, and 4 billion views as of February 2019. He also has a third channel that he uses for vlogs and \"Monday Shows\", a show that he uploads on either Mondays or Tuesdays consisting of different segments including \"Viewer Mail\", \"Twitter Question Time\", and \"Ask a Giraffe\". They have been featured on the Huffington Post, Billboard.com, and the January 2012 issue of Wired. An interview with Forbes details Peter and his partner Lloyd Ahlquist's rise to fame.", "Q282575": "Baron J\u00e1nos Kem\u00e9ny (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 5 September 5, 1903 \u2013 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f, 13 October 1971) was a Hungarian writer, theater director, dramatist, and founder of the Marosv\u00e9cs/Br\u00e2ncovene\u015fti Helikon community.", "Q56014": "George Dewey Cukor (; July 7, 1899 \u2013 January 24, 1983) was an American film director. He mainly concentrated on comedies and literary adaptations. His career flourished at RKO when David O. Selznick, the studio's Head of Production, assigned Cukor to direct several of RKO's major films, including What Price Hollywood? (1932), A Bill of Divorcement (1932), Our Betters (1933), and Little Women (1933). When Selznick moved to MGM in 1933, Cukor followed and directed Dinner at Eight (1933) and David Copperfield (1935) for Selznick and Romeo and Juliet (1936) and Camille (1936) for Irving Thalberg.\nHe was replaced as the director of Gone with the Wind (1939), but he went on to direct The Philadelphia Story (1940), Gaslight (1944), Adam's Rib (1949), Born Yesterday (1950), A Star Is Born (1954), Bhowani Junction (1956), and won the Academy Award for Best Director for My Fair Lady (1964). He continued to work into the 1980s.\n\n", "Q266181": "D\u00e9sir\u00e9e Nosbusch a.k.a. D\u00e9sir\u00e9e Becker (born 14 January 1965) is a television presenter and actress. She was born in Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg to a Luxembourgish father and Italian mother. In the 1980s she lived in Manhattan, and from the 1990s to 2008 in Los Angeles, California.", "Q547466": "Viveca L\u00e4rn, earlier Viveca Sundvall, born 6 April 1944 in \u00d6rgryte Parish in Gothenburg, Sweden, is a Swedish writer. and journalist. She is mostly famous for writing the Mimmi and the Eddie children's books series. She has also written books for an adult audience, and many of those books formed the basis for the TV series Salt\u00f6n.", "Q860450": "Chelsea College of Arts is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London based in London, UK, and is a leading British art and design institution with an international reputation. It offers further and higher education courses in fine art, graphic design, interior design, spatial design and textile design up to PhD level.", "Q41568": "Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, Lord of Montaigne ( mon-TAYN, French: [mi\u0283\u025bl ek\u025bm d\u0259 m\u0254\u0303t\u025b\u0272]; 28 February 1533 \u2013 13 September 1592) was one of the most significant philosophers of the French Renaissance, known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre. His work is noted for its merging of casual anecdotes and autobiography with intellectual insight. His massive volume Essais contains some of the most influential essays ever written.\nMontaigne had a direct influence on Western writers, including Francis Bacon, Ren\u00e9 Descartes, Blaise Pascal, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Virginia Woolf, Albert Hirschman, William Hazlitt, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Friedrich Nietzsche, Stefan Zweig, Eric Hoffer, Isaac Asimov, and possibly, on the later works of William Shakespeare.\nDuring his lifetime, Montaigne was admired more as a statesman than as an author. The tendency in his essays to digress into anecdotes and personal ruminations was seen as detrimental to proper style rather than as an innovation, and his declaration that, \"I am myself the matter of my book\", was viewed by his contemporaries as self-indulgent. In time, however, Montaigne came to be recognized as embodying, perhaps better than any other author of his time, the spirit of freely entertaining doubt that began to emerge at that time. He is most famously known for his skeptical remark, \"Que s\u00e7ay-je?\" (\"What do I know?\", in Middle French; now rendered as Que sais-je? in modern French).", "Q1065635": "Charles Netter (Hebrew: \u05e7\u05e8\u05dc \u05e0\u05d8\u05e8\u200e; 14 September 1826 \u2013 October 2, 1882), was a founding member of the Alliance Isra\u00e9lite Universelle. In 1870, Netter founded Mikveh Israel, the first modern Jewish agricultural settlement in the Land of Israel.", "Q125772": "Solaris (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0438\u0441, tr. Solyaris) is a 1972 Soviet science fiction art film based on Stanis\u0142aw Lem's novel of the same name published in 1961. The film was co-written and directed by Andrei Tarkovsky, and stars Donatas Banionis and Natalya Bondarchuk. The electronic music score was performed by Eduard Artemyev; a composition by J.S. Bach is also employed. \nThe plot centers on a space station orbiting the fictional planet Solaris, where a scientific mission has stalled because the skeleton crew of three scientists have fallen into emotional crises. Psychologist Kris Kelvin (Banionis) travels to the station in order to evaluate the situation, only to encounter the same mysterious phenomena as the others. The film was Tarkovsky's attempt to bring a new emotional depth to science fiction films; he viewed most western works in the genre as shallow due to their focus on technological invention.Solaris won the Grand Prix Sp\u00e9cial du Jury and the FIPRESCI prize at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for the Palme d'Or. It is often cited as one of the greatest science fiction films in the history of cinema. Some of the ideas Tarkovsky expresses in this film are further developed in his Stalker (1979).", "Q178461": "Ryo Terakado (\u5bfa\u795e\u6238 \u4eae, Terakado Ry\u014d, born 1961 in Santa Cruz, Bolivia) is a Japanese violinist and conductor who specializes in historically informed performance. He also plays the viola, viola d'amore and violoncello da spalla. He has been teaching at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague and the Toho Gakuen School of Music.", "Q96556": "Karl Gass (2 February 1917, Mannheim, Grand Duchy of Baden \u2013 29 January 2009) was a German documentary filmmaker.\nHe was a soldier in the elite Panzer-Grenadier-Division Gro\u00dfdeutschland of the Wehrmacht throughout the duration of WW2, where he served as a lieutenant on the Western and Eastern campaigns, until he was captured by the British with the defeat of Nazi Germany. After being released from captivity after the war, he became a documentary maker. With over 120 films, he was among the most productive documentary directors of the GDR, and produced DEFA documentaries. He had the idea for the DEFA long term documentary \"Die Kinder von Golzow\" (The children of Golzow). He was born in Mannheim and died in Kleinmachnow, aged 91. According to Frank Pergande, Gass was \"one of the most influential propagandists\" of the state.", "Q245758": "Blessed Paolo Manna (16 January 1872 \u2013 15 September 1952) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and a member from the Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions as well as the founder of the Pontifical Missionary Union. Manna worked in the missions in Burma and even served as the Superior General for PIME. Manna did much in his life to promote the missions and the evangelic and apostolic zeal that accompanied it and he established newspapers and movements to help promote this charismatic apostolate. He also held several leadership positions in PIME and used that standing in order to further engage with prospective missionaries.Manna's beatification cause started on 23 August 1973 under Pope Paul VI in which he was titled as a Servant of God while Pope John Paul II both named him as Venerable in 1989 and beatified him in 2001.", "Q177752": "Georg Heinrich Sieveking (1 January 1751 in Hamburg, Germany \u2013 25 January 1799 in Hamburg, Germany) was a German merchant and follower of the Enlightenment. Together with his friend and business partner, Caspar Voght, he led one of the largest trading firms in the Hanseatic League during the second half of the 18th century. On 14 July 1790, the first anniversary of the Storming of the Bastille, a freedom celebration organized by Sieveking occurred in Harvestehude, a neighborhood of Hamburg, which received attention far beyond the city. In 1796, a few years before his death, Sieveking succeeded in abolishing the 1793 Hamburg-imposed Embargoes against Paris.", "Q553413": "Joseph Michael \"Dusty\" Hill (born May 19, 1949) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter, who is best known as the bassist and secondary lead vocalist of the American rock group ZZ Top. With the band, Hill plays bass guitar, sings backing and lead vocals, and keyboards. Hill was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of ZZ Top in 2004.", "Q349610": "Adam Gregory (born December 28, 1987) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Thomas Forrester on the CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful.\n\n", "Q296500": "Terrence Dashon Howard (born March 11, 1969) is an American actor, rapper, singer-songwriter, and record producer. Having his first major roles in the 1995 films Dead Presidents and Mr. Holland's Opus, Howard broke into the mainstream with a succession of television and cinema roles between 2004 and 2006. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Hustle & Flow.\nHoward has had prominent roles in many other movies, including Winnie, Ray, Lackawanna Blues, Crash, Four Brothers, Big Momma's House, Get Rich or Die Tryin', Idlewild, Biker Boyz, August Rush, The Brave One, and Prisoners. Howard played James Rhodes in Iron Man and its video game adaptation, but he was replaced by Don Cheadle for the sequels. He stars as the lead character Lucious Lyon in the television series Empire. His debut album, Shine Through It, was released in September 2008. In September 2019, Howard announced that he had retired from acting as he was \"tired of pretending.\"", "Q75815": "Mara Scherzinger (born September 23, 1989) is a German actress. She performed in commercials, TV films, TV series, and cinema movies.", "Q732055": "Steve Khan (born April 28, 1947) is an American jazz guitarist.", "Q274585": "Ada Falc\u00f3n (17 August 1905 \u2013 4 January 2002) was an Argentine tango dancer, singer and film actress of the 1920s and 1930s. She starred in the film \u00cddolos de la radio in 1934. She was famous for her tango work and made over 200 recordings in the 1920s and 1930s. She shared a long relationship with orchestra leader Francisco Canaro. She mysteriously disappeared from the limelight in 1942 and lived as a recluse until she died in 2002 at age 96.", "Q3387717": "A theatre director or stage director is a professional in the theatre field who oversees and orchestrates the mounting of a theatre production such as a play, opera, dance-drama, musical theatre performance etc. by unifying various endeavors and aspects of production. The director's function is to ensure the quality and completeness of theatre production and to lead the members of the creative team into realizing their artistic vision for it. The director thereby collaborates with a team of creative individuals and other staff to coordinate research and work on all the aspects of the production which includes the Technical and the Performance aspects.\nThe technical aspects include: stagecraft, costume design, theatrical properties (props), lighting design, set design and sound design for the production. The performance aspects include: acting, dance, orchestra, chants, and stage combat.\nIf the production is a new piece of writing or a (new) translation of a play, the director may also work with the playwright or a translator. In contemporary theatre, after the playwright, the director is generally the principle visionary, making decisions on the artistic conception and interpretation of the play and its staging. Different directors occupy different places of authority and responsibility, depending on the structure and philosophy of individual theatre companies. Directors use a wide variety of techniques, philosophies, and levels of collaboration.", "Q865528": "The University of Warwick () (abbreviated as Warw. in post-nominal letters) is a public research university on the outskirts of Coventry between the West Midlands and Warwickshire, England. It was founded in 1965 as part of a government initiative to expand higher education. Within the University, Warwick Business School was established in 1967, Warwick Law School was established in 1968, Warwick Manufacturing Group (now WMG) was established in 1980 and Warwick Medical School was opened in 2000. Warwick incorporated Coventry College of Education in 1979 and Horticulture Research International in 2004.\nWarwick is primarily based on a 290 ha (720 acres) campus on the outskirts of Coventry, with a satellite campus in Wellesbourne and a central London base at the Shard. It is organised into three faculties\u2014Arts, Science Engineering and Medicine, and Social Sciences\u2014within which there are 32 departments. As of 2019, Warwick has around 26,531 full-time students and 2,492 academic and research staff. It had a consolidated income of \u00a3631.5 million in 2017/18, of which \u00a3126.5 million was from research grants and contracts. Warwick Arts Centre, a multi-venue arts complex in the university's main campus, is the largest venue of its kind in the UK outside London.\nWarwick consistently ranks in the top ten of all major domestic rankings of British universities. Warwick is ranked 7th in the UK for its research, according to the Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014 by GPA. Warwick is cited as amongst the UK's most targeted university institutions by employers and was the world's third best young university in 2015. Warwick has an average intake of 4,950 undergraduates out of 38,071 applicants (7.7 applicants per place). In 2017, Warwick was named as the university with the joint second highest graduate employment rate of any UK university (along with St Andrews), with 97.7 per cent of its graduates in work or further study three and a half years after graduation.Warwick is a member of AACSB, the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Association of MBAs, EQUIS, the European University Association, the Midlands Innovation group, the Russell Group and Universities UK. It is the only European member of the Center for Urban Science and Progress, a collaboration with New York University. The university has extensive commercial activities, including the University of Warwick Science Park and Warwick Manufacturing Group.", "Q97648": "Bruno Wille (6 February 1860 \u2013 31 August 1928) was a German politician. He was born in Magdeburg, and died in Aeschach near Lindau.He tried to make an end to the collective ideology of the SPD (German labour party) from 1890 until 1892. Influenced by Friedrich Nietzsche, he wanted to end the tyranny of political parties and protect individuality. Politics should help develop a personality and not subdue it.\nHe was the leader of the radical youth opposition of the SPD. He did not have much support and had to leave the party in 1892. From that moment onwards, he regarded himself as an anarchist.\nIn 1896 he published an account of his visits to Joseph Dietzgen in Siegburg, in which he speaks of the philosopher with great respect.He lost his radical thoughts when he got older. Instead of complete egoism, he became an advocate of harmony of a community of humans. He became a great admirer of nature and wanted to become one with the world, which he regarded as an organism.\nHe was a supporter of the Christ Myth Theory (which had prominence in the late 19th and early 20th century in Germany, due to the Deutsche Monistenbund and rising prominence of mythicist figures such as Kalthoff, who also led to the rediscovery of Bruno Bauer.", "Q130419": "Robert Anderson (7 January 1750 \u2013 20 February 1830) was a Scottish author and critic.Son of David Anderson, W.S., he was born at Carnwath, Lanarkshire. He studied first divinity and then medicine at the University of Edinburgh, and subsequently, after some experience as a surgeon, took his M.D. at the University of St Andrews in 1778. He began to practise as a physician at Alnwick in Northumberland, but he became financially independent by his marriage with the daughter of John Gray, and abandoned his profession for a literary life in Edinburgh.For several years his attention was occupied with his edition of The Works of the British Poets, with Prefaces Biographical and Critical (14 vols. 8vo, Edin., 1792\u20131807). His other publications were:\nThe Miscellaneous Works of Tobias Smollett, M.D., with Memoirs of his Life and Writings (Edin., 1796)\nLife of Samuel Johnson, LL.D., with Critical Observations on his Works (Edin., 1815)\nThe Works of John Moore, M.D., with Memoirs of his Life and Writings (Edin., 7 vols., 1820)\nThe Grave and other Poems, by Robert Blair; to which are prefixed some Account of his Life and Observations on his Writings (Edin., 1826).Anderson was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1816.", "Q4647777": "Almond Gaston \u201cA. G.\u201d Crowe Jr. is a former Republican Louisiana State Senator born May 8, 1948 in New Orleans.\n\n", "Q119935": "Edmond O'Brien (September 10, 1915 \u2013 May 9, 1985) was an American actor who appeared in more than 100 films from the 1940s to the 1970s, often playing character parts. He received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the corresponding Golden Globe for his supporting role in The Barefoot Contessa (1954), as well as a second Golden Globe and another Academy Award nomination for Seven Days in May (1964). His other notable films include The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939), The Killers (1946), A Double Life (1947), White Heat (1949), D.O.A. (1949), The Hitch-Hiker (1953), Julius Caesar (1953), 1984 (1956), The Girl Can't Help It (1956), The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1961), Fantastic Voyage (1966), The Wild Bunch (1969) and The Other Side of the Wind (2018).\n\n", "Q713925": "Shalim Gerardo Ortiz Goyco (born February 26, 1979) is a singer and actor of Dominican and Puerto Rican descent.", "Q427386": "In the Line of Fire is a 1993 American political action thriller film, directed by Wolfgang Petersen and starring Clint Eastwood, John Malkovich and Rene Russo. Written by Jeff Maguire, the film is about a disillusioned and obsessed former CIA agent who attempts to assassinate the President of the United States and the Secret Service agent who tracks him. Eastwood's character is the sole active-duty Secret Service agent remaining from the detail guarding John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, at the time of his assassination in 1963. The film also stars Dylan McDermott, Gary Cole, John Mahoney, and Fred Thompson.\nThe film was co-produced by Columbia Pictures and Castle Rock Entertainment, with Columbia handling distribution. Eastwood and Petersen also originally offered the role of Leary to Robert De Niro, who turned it down due to scheduling conflicts with A Bronx Tale. After In the Line of Fire, Eastwood directed every film he starred in, until 2012's Trouble with the Curve. This is also the last film Eastwood starred in that he did not also produce or direct.", "Q171445": "Gunnar Axel Arvid Nilsson (20 November 1948 \u2013 20 October 1978) was a Swedish racing driver. Before entering Formula One, he won the 1975 British Formula 3 Championship.\nNilsson entered 32 Formula One Grand Prix races, qualifying for all of them. He won the 1977 Belgian Grand Prix at Zolder while driving for Team Lotus. After losing his Lotus seat, he signed for Arrows for 1978, but was later diagnosed with testicular cancer which meant he could not drive the car. However, he did compete in three International Race of Champions (IROC) races in 1977. He had two sixth-place finishes and a fifth-place finish.As soon as the cancer was determined to be terminal, he created the Gunnar Nilsson Cancer Foundation. He died in October 1978.\nGunnar Nilsson is buried in P\u00e5lsj\u00f6 cemetery in Helsingborg, Sweden, close to his parents Arvid and Elisabeth Nilsson.\n\n", "Q166139": "Sami Bouajila (born 12 May 1966) is a Tunisian-French actor.", "Q366195": "Kevin Gage (born May 26, 1959) is an American character actor known for his roles in the crime film Heat, in which he portrayed the psychopathic rogue criminal Waingro, G.I. Jane, in which he played U.S. Navy Seal Instructor Max Pyro, and Strangeland, in which he played Detective Mike Gage opposite Dee Snider's Captain Howdy.", "Q108838": "Julius Motteler (18 June 1838 \u2013 29 September 1907) was a pioneering German Socialist and Businessman.Julius Motteler was a leading member of the early German Labour movement and was repeatedly elected a member of the Reichstag (German national parliament). During the period 1878 - 1890, defined politically in Germany by the Anti-Socialist Laws, he organised the party's underground press activities. He was also instrumental in the establishment of trades unions in Germany, and an early champion of the Proletarian Women's Movement (Proletarische Frauenbewegung). He was a member of the inner circle of left wing leaders that also included August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht.Motteler was a member of the Social Democratic Party, having already been a co-founder of several predecessor political parties, the Saxon People's Party, the Social Democratic Workers' Party and the German Socialist Worker's Party (Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands / SAP).", "Q666410": "The Finnish Academy of Science and Letters (Finnish Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia; Latin Academia Scientiarum Fennica) is a Finnish learned society. It was founded in 1908 as a Finnish-language counterpart of the Swedish-language Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, which had existed since 1838.", "Q167227": "Abner Coburn (March 22, 1803 \u2013 January 4, 1885) was the 30th Governor of Maine from 1863 to 1864 and a prominent individual in Skowhegan, Maine until his death.", "Q178307": "Sal Borgese (born 5 March 1937 in Rome) is an Italian film actor. He is sometimes credited as Salvatore Borghese or Mark Trevor. He is noted for extensive work in the Italian film industry from the 1960s to present day, and for his work as a stuntman and acrobat.\nBorgese's credits include parts in Spaghetti Westerns, sword-and-sandal, and spy films.", "Q9161265": "Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils.Sometimes terms which refer to branches of soil science, such as pedology (formation, chemistry, morphology, and classification of soil) and edaphology (how soils interact with living things, especially plants), are used as if synonymous with soil science. The diversity of names associated with this discipline is related to the various associations concerned. Indeed, engineers, agronomists, chemists, geologists, physical geographers, ecologists, biologists, microbiologists, silviculturists, sanitarians, archaeologists, and specialists in regional planning, all contribute to further knowledge of soils and the advancement of the soil sciences.Soil scientists have raised concerns about how to preserve soil and arable land in a world with a growing population, possible future water crisis, increasing per capita food consumption, and land degradation.", "Q96230": "Hubertus Strughold (June 15, 1898 \u2013 September 25, 1986) was a German-born physiologist and prominent medical researcher. Beginning in 1935 he served as chief of aeromedical research for the Luftwaffe, holding this position throughout World War II. In 1947 he was brought to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip and held a series of high-ranking medical positions with both the US Air Force and NASA.\nFor his role in pioneering the study of the physical and psychological effects of manned spaceflight he became known as \"The Father of Space Medicine\". Following his death, Strughold's activities in Germany during World War II came under greater scrutiny and allegations surrounding his involvement in Nazi-era human experimentation greatly diminished his reputation.", "Q457661": "Sarah Caldwell (March 6, 1924 \u2013 March 23, 2006) was an American opera conductor, impresario, and stage director.", "Q82245": "The Shafi\u2018i (Arabic: \u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u200e Sh\u0101fi\u02bf\u012b, alternative spelling Shafei) madhhab is one of the four schools of Islamic law in Sunni Islam. It was founded by the Arab scholar Al-Shafi\u2018i, a pupil of Malik, in the early 9th century. The school \"rejecting provincial dependence on traditional community practice\" as the source of legal precedent, and \"argued for the unquestioning acceptance of the Hadith\" as \"the major basis for legal and religious judgments\".\nThe other three schools of Sunni jurisprudence are Hanafi, Maliki and Hanbali.Like the other schools of fiqh, Shafi\u2018i relies predominantly on the Quran and the Hadiths for Sharia. Where passages of Quran and Hadiths are ambiguous, the school first seeks religious law guidance from Ijma \u2013 the consensus of Islamic Scholars (according to Syafiq Hasyim). (Encyclopaedia Britannica states Shafi\u2018i relies on qiy\u0101s (analytical reasoning) next as a source.) If there was no consensus, the Shafi\u2018i school relies on individual opinion (Ijtihad) of the companions of Muhammad, followed by analogy.The Shafi\u2018i school was widely followed in the early history of Islam, but the Ottoman Empire favored the Hanafi school when it became the dominant Sunni Muslim power. One of the many differences between the Shafi\u2018i and Hanafi schools is that the Shafi\u2018i school does not consider Istihsan (judicial discretion by suitably qualified legal scholars) as an acceptable source of religious law because it amounts to \"human legislation\" of Islamic law.The Shafi\u2018i school is now predominantly found in Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, eastern Egypt, the Swahili coast, Hijaz, Yemen, Kurdish regions of the Middle East, Dagestan, Chechen and Ingush regions of the Caucasus, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Kerala and some other coastal regions in India, Singapore, Myanmar, Thailand, Brunei, and the Philippines.", "Q425591": "James Lowery (born June 26, 1973), also known as Anybody Killa, or ABK, is a rapper from Detroit, Michigan, whose stage persona is that of a Native American warrior. He is signed to Psychopathic Records. Prior to performing as ABK he performed as Native Funk.", "Q95739": "Robert Liebmann (5 June 1890 - July 1945) was a German screenwriter.", "Q59441": "Sylvia June Day (born March 11, 1973) is a Japanese American writer of romance novels. She also writes under the pseudonyms S.J. Day and Livia Dare. She is a number one bestselling author in 28 countries.\n\n", "Q46561": "Ahmet Mithat (1844 \u2013 December 28, 1912) was an Ottoman journalist, author, translator and publisher during the Tanzimat period. In his works, he was known as Ahmet Mithat Efendi, to distinguish him from the contemporary politician Midhat Pasha. Ahmet Mithat Efendi took his name from Ahmed \u015eefik Midhat Pasha, as he worked for a time as an official and newspaper editor in Midhat Pasha's Vilayet of the Danube.\nPolitically, his orientation was more conservative, compared to writers such as Nam\u0131k Kemal. He was a prolific writer, more than 250 of his works have survived. From 1878 on, he published the newspaper Terc\u00fcman-\u0131 Hakikat (Interpreter of Truth).\nHis editorship and publication of Olga Lebedeva's translations of Russian literature into Turkish served as an introduction of Tolstoy, Lermontov and Pushkin to Turkey's readership. In addition, he was a patron and teacher to Fatma Aliye, one of the most famous female Ottoman authors. \n\n", "Q303719": "An Affair to Remember is a 1957 American romance film directed by Leo McCarey and starring Cary Grant and Deborah Kerr. Filmed in CinemaScope and DeLuxe Color, it was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is considered one of the most romantic films of all time, according to the American Film Institute. The film was a remake of McCarey's 1939 film Love Affair, starring Irene Dunne and Charles Boyer.", "Q77964": "Volkmar Weiss (born 23 May 1944 in Zwickau, Saxony) is a German scientist and writer, primarily interested in the field of IQ research. He is mostly known for his controversial thesis that biological intelligence is fixed to social class and for co-founding the German Social Union.\nHe was previously a member of the German Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 1990 to 1993. In his controversial book Deutschland schafft sich ab Thilo Sarrazin refers to and uses Weiss' arguments to support his own conclusions in chapter 8.", "Q5133190": "Clifton College is a co-educational independent school in the suburb of Clifton in the city of Bristol in South West England, founded in 1862. In its early years it was notable (compared with most public schools of the time) for emphasising science rather than classics in the curriculum, and for being less concerned with social elitism, e.g. by admitting day-boys on equal terms and providing a dedicated boarding house for Jewish boys, called Polacks. Having linked its General Studies classes with Badminton School, it admitted girls to the Sixth Form in 1987 and is now fully coeducational. Polacks house closed in 2005.\nIt was at Clifton that the second-highest cricket score ever recorded was made by 13-year-old A. E. J. Collins in June 1899. Collins was killed in the First World War, but his 628 not out stood as the record score till January 2016, when Pranav Dhanawade, 15 years old, of Mumbai, India, scored 1009 in a school game.\nThe school was also the headquarters of the US army in Britain for part of the Second World War.\nClifton is one of the original 26 English public schools as defined by the Public Schools Yearbook of 1889.", "Q333802": "Charles of Provence or Charles II (845 \u2013 25 January 863) was the Carolingian King of Provence from 855 until his early death in 863.\nCharles was the youngest son of Holy Roman Emperor Lothair I and Ermengarde of Tours.\nHis father divided Middle Francia between his three sons: the eldest, Louis, received Italy and the emperorship; Lothair II received Lotharingia (modern Lorraine, the Low Countries, and Upper Burgundy); and the youngest, Charles, received Lower Burgundy (Arles and Provence).\nCharles was only a child when his father died; and the governance of his realm was undertaken by his tutor, Count Gerard II of Vienne, whose wife had been a sister-in-law of Emperor Lothar I. Gerard was a vigorous regent, defending the kingdom from the Northmen, who raided up the Rhone as far as Valence. In 860, he ejected them from the Rhone delta.\nCharles' uncle, Charles the Bald of West Francia, attempted to intervene in Provence in 861. After receiving an appeal for intervention from the Count of Arles, he invaded Provence, but only reached Macon, being restrained by Hincmar of Rheims.\nCharles of Provence never ruled his realm in anything more than name. It was Gerard, rather than he, who in 858 arranged that should Charles die without children, Provence would revert to Charles' brother Lothair II. However, when Charles died, his elder brother Emperor Louis II also claimed Provence, so the realm was divided between the two: Lothair received the bishoprics of Lyon, Vienne and Grenoble, to be governed by Gerard; Louis II received Arles, Aix and Embrun.", "Q154835": "Mogilev (official transliteration: Mahilio\u016d; also Mahilyow; Belarusian: \u041c\u0430\u0433\u0456\u043b\u0451\u045e, pronounced [ma\u0263\u02b2i\u02c8l\u02b2ou\u032f]; Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043b\u0451\u0432, pronounced [m\u0259\u0261\u02b2\u026a\u02c8l\u02b2\u0275f]) is a city in eastern Belarus, on the Dnieper River, about 76 kilometres (47 miles) from the border with Russia's Smolensk Oblast and 105 km (65 miles) from the border with Russia's Bryansk Oblast. As of 2011, its population was 360,918, up from an estimated 106,000 in 1956. It is the administrative centre of Mogilev Region and the third largest city in Belarus.", "Q270085": "Shen Kuo (Chinese: \u6c88\u62ec; 1031\u20131095) or Shen Gua, courtesy name Cunzhong (\u5b58\u4e2d) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (\u5922\u6eaa\u7fc1), was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman of the Song dynasty (960\u20131279). Excelling in many fields of study and statecraft, he was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, entomologist, anatomist, climatologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, medical scientist, agronomist, archaeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, geographer, geophysicist, mineralogist, encyclopedist, military general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, economist, academy chancellor, finance minister, governmental state inspector, philosopher, art critic, poet, and musician. He was the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court, as well as an Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the New Policies Group, headed by Chancellor Wang Anshi (1021\u20131085).\nIn his Dream Pool Essays or Dream Torrent Essays (\u5922\u6eaa\u7b46\u8ac7; Mengxi Bitan) of 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (first described in Europe by Alexander Neckam in 1187). Shen discovered the concept of true north in terms of magnetic declination towards the north pole, with experimentation of suspended magnetic needles and \"the improved meridian determined by Shen's [astronomical] measurement of the distance between the pole star and true north\". This was the decisive step in human history to make compasses more useful for navigation, and may have been a concept unknown in Europe for another four hundred years (evidence of German sundials made circa 1450 show markings similar to Chinese geomancer compasses in regard to declination).Alongside his colleague Wei Pu, Shen planned to map the orbital paths of the Moon and the planets in an intensive five-year project involving daily observations, yet this was thwarted by political opponents at court. To aid his work in astronomy, Shen Kuo made improved designs of the armillary sphere, gnomon, sighting tube, and invented a new type of inflow water clock. Shen Kuo devised a geological hypothesis for land formation (geomorphology), based upon findings of inland marine fossils, knowledge of soil erosion, and the deposition of silt. He also proposed a hypothesis of gradual climate change, after observing ancient petrified bamboos that were preserved underground in a dry northern habitat that would not support bamboo growth in his time. He was the first literary figure in China to mention the use of the drydock to repair boats suspended out of water, and also wrote of the effectiveness of the relatively new invention of the canal pound lock. Chinese philosopher Mozi (470-391 BC) so far is the first person in history to describe camera obscura (a basic camera). Shen implemented an improved version of the camera, nearly 2000 years later. Shen wrote extensively about movable type printing invented by Bi Sheng (990\u20131051), and because of his written works the legacy of Bi Sheng and the modern understanding of the earliest movable type has been handed down to later generations. Following an old tradition in China, Shen created a raised-relief map while inspecting borderlands. His description of an ancient crossbow mechanism which he himself unearthed proved to be a Jacob's staff, a surveying tool which wasn't known in Europe until described by Levi ben Gerson in 1321.\nShen Kuo wrote several other books besides the Dream Pool Essays, yet much of the writing in his other books has not survived. Some of Shen's poetry was preserved in posthumous written works. Although much of his focus was on technical and scientific issues, he had an interest in divination and the supernatural, the latter including his vivid description of unidentified flying objects from eyewitness testimony. He also wrote commentary on ancient Daoist and Confucian texts.", "Q66869": "Tanja Szewczenko (born 26 July 1977) is a German figure skater and actress. She is the 1994 World bronze medalist, 1997 Champions Series Final silver medalist, 1998 European bronze medalist, and 1993 World Junior bronze medalist.\n\n", "Q40110": "Muhammad Jamalul Alam II was the 26th Sultan of Brunei. He ascended to the throne in 1906 when he was only 17 years old. He ruled Brunei until his sudden death in 1924 due to malaria. Before he became sultan, he was known as Pengiran Muda Bongsu Muhammad Jamalul Alam.\nHe was the eldest surviving son of Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin. When his father died, the responsibility of the Sultan was in the hands of the Majlis Pemangku Raja (Council of Regency). It was only in 1918 that he was crowned as sultan. He took a great deal of interest in the progress of the country, encouraging advances in agriculture, medicine and education.\nHe also encouraged learning Islam, which was often carried out in the surau (small mosque). As a sign of commitment to Islam, he built a mosque despite the country's lack of revenue. The mosque was built on a piece of land near the present Kampong Sultan Lama. The local community used the mosque until it was destroyed in wartime bombing during the reign of his son, Ahmad Tajuddin.\nIt was also during his reign that Islamic Law was officially introduced. This was known as Muhammadan Law. It was introduced in 1912, replacing the Kanun Brunei. Then in 1913, the Marriage and Divorce Act was introduced. He kept his position on the State Council, which met to approve and amend laws and policies. With the introduction of the Residential System in Brunei in 1906, all the executive power, except in matters of religion and tradition, was transferred from the Sultan to the Resident. In 1922, he moved from Istana Kampong Ayer to Istana Majlis.\nHis reign was a short one. An outbreak of malaria claimed his life as well as three members of his family. He died on 11 September 1924, aged 35. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Pengiran Muda Besar Ahmad Tajuddin. He was buried at the Royal Mausoleum at Jalan Tutong.", "Q103979": "Toni Donhauser (13 March 1921 - 12 December 1990) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria between 1974 and 1982.", "Q3385672": "Pierre Karl P\u00e9ladeau (born 16 October 1961), also known by his initials PKP, is a Canadian businessman, billionaire and former politician. He was also the MNA for Saint-J\u00e9r\u00f4me. P\u00e9ladeau is the president and CEO of Quebecor Inc., Quebecor Media Inc. He used to own Sun Media Corporation. P\u00e9ladeau is seen as a \"strongly Quebec nationalist\" and an influentional businessman in Quebec.P\u00e9ladeau was the Leader of the Opposition in the Quebec National Assembly from his election as leader of the Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois on the 15 May 2015 until his resignation on the 2 May 2016 for family reasons. .", "Q173246": "Max Rufus Mosley (born 13 April 1940) is a British former racing driver and the former president of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), a non-profit association that represents the interests of motoring organisations and car users worldwide. The FIA is also the governing body for Formula One and other international motorsports.\nA barrister and former amateur racing driver, Mosley was a founder and co-owner of March Engineering, a racing car constructor and Formula One racing team. He dealt with legal and commercial matters for the company between 1969 and 1977 and became its representative at the Formula One Constructors' Association (FOCA), the body that represents Formula One constructors. Together with Bernie Ecclestone he represented FOCA at the FIA and in its dealings with race organisers. In 1978, Mosley became the official legal adviser to FOCA. In this role he and Marco Piccinini negotiated the first version of the Concorde Agreement, which settled a long-standing dispute between FOCA and the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA), a commission of the FIA and the then governing body of Formula One. Mosley was elected president of FISA in 1991 and became president of the FIA, FISA's parent body, in 1993.\nMosley identified his major achievement as FIA President as the promotion of the European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP or Encap). He has also promoted increased safety and the use of green technologies in motor racing. In 2008, stories about his sex life appeared in the British press, along with unfounded allegations regarding Nazi connotations. Mosley successfully sued the newspaper that published the allegations and maintained his position as FIA president. He stood down at the end of his term in 2009 and was replaced by his preferred successor, Jean Todt.\nMosley is the youngest son of Sir Oswald Mosley, former leader of the British Union of Fascists, and Diana Mitford. He was educated in France, Germany, and Britain before going on to attend university at Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated with a degree in physics. He then changed to law and was called to the bar in 1964. In his teens and early twenties, Mosley was involved with his father's post-war political party, the Union Movement (UM). He has said that the association of his surname with fascism stopped him from developing his interest in politics further, although he briefly worked for the Conservative Party in the early 1980s.\nMosley is the subject of Michael Shevloff's 2020 biographical documentary Mosley", "Q603288": "Fran\u00e7ois Loos (born 24 December 1953) was appointed Minister Delegate for Industry on 2 June 2005, following a term as Minister Delegate for Foreign Trade (June 2002 to May 2005). He was Minister Delegate for Higher Education & Research in the first Raffarin government.\nFran\u00e7ois Loos is a graduate from the Ecole Polytechnique, the prestigious state-run industrial and engineering school and has an engineering diploma from the Ecole des Mines. He also holds a postgraduate diploma (dipl\u00f4me d'\u00e9tudes approfondies -DEA) in mathematics.\nAfter starting his career as an engineer with various firms in France and Germany, Fran\u00e7ois Loos became a technical advisor to Pierre Pflimlin, President of the European Parliament (1984), and subsequently to Hubert Curien, French Minister of Research & Technology (1984-1985). He next joined Rh\u00f4ne Poulenc as Managing Director of the Thann plant, which he ran for two years before being appointed Executive Secretary for Research (1987-1989). From 1990 to 1993, he was Chief Executive of the Lohr SA group.\nIn 1992 Fran\u00e7ois Loos was elected Conseiller R\u00e9gional (regional government representative) for the Alsace region and deputy of the Bas-Rhin d\u00e9partement in 1993. He has been Vice-Chairman of the Conseil R\u00e9gional (regional government) of Alsace since 1996. He was re-elected as a deputy in 1997 and again on 9 June 2002 (after the first election round). He chaired the Parliamentary Board of Enquiry into Industrial Hazards in France following the Toulouse disaster in 2001.\nIn 1994 and 1995 he was the Deputy General Secretary of the Parti Radical Valoisien, a centre-right political party. He was then promoted to National Secretary and in 1997 to National Delegate for International Affairs, followed by a term as party chairman from 1999 to October 2003. He is a founding member and a member of the political bureau of the Union for a Popular Movement, a right-wing political party.", "Q3427922": "A restaurateur is a person who opens and runs restaurants professionally. Although over time the term has come to describe any person who owns a restaurant, traditionally it refers to a highly skilled professional who is proficient in all aspects of the restaurant business.", "Q77970": "Joachim-Ernst Berendt (20 July 1922 in Berlin \u2013 4 February 2000 in Hamburg) was a German music journalist, book author and producer specialized on jazz.\n\n", "Q57478": "Nicolae Timofti (Romanian pronunciation: [niko\u02c8la.e ti\u02c8mofti]; born 22 December 1948 in Ciutule\u0219ti) is a Moldovan jurist and politician who was President of Moldova from 23 March 2012 until 23 December 2016. He served as head of Moldova's Supreme Magistrate Council and was elected President by parliament on 16 March 2012.\n\n", "Q551576": "Mory Kant\u00e9 (born 29 March 1950) is a Guinean vocalist and player of the kora harp. He is best known internationally for his 1987 hit song \"Y\u00e9 k\u00e9 y\u00e9 k\u00e9\", which reached number-one in Belgium, Finland, the Netherlands, and Spain. The album it came from, Akwaba Beach, was the best-selling African record of its time.", "Q40104": "Ajaccio (UK: , US: , French: [a\u0292aksjo] (listen); Italian: Aiaccio or Ajaccio, pronounced [a\u02c8jatt\u0283o]; Corsican: Aiacciu, pronounced [a\u02c8jatt\u0283u]; Latin: Adiacium) is a French commune, prefecture of the department of Corse-du-Sud, and head office of the Collectivit\u00e9 territoriale de Corse (capital city of Corsica). It is also the largest settlement on the island. Ajaccio is located on the west coast of the island of Corsica, 210 nautical miles (390 km) southeast of Marseille.\nThe original city went into decline in the Middle Ages, but began to prosper again after the Genoese built a citadel in 1492 to the south of the earlier settlement. After the Corsican Republic was declared in 1755 the Genoese continued to hold several citadels, including Ajaccio, until the French took control of the island.\nThe inhabitants of the commune are known as Ajacciens or Ajacciennes. The most famous of these is Napoleon Bonaparte who was born in Ajaccio in 1769, and whose ancestral home, the Maison Bonaparte, is now a museum. Other dedications to him in the city include Ajaccio Napoleon Bonaparte Airport.", "Q441017": "Ronald John Garan Jr. (born October 30, 1961) is a NASA astronaut. After graduating from State University of New York College at Oneonta in 1982, he joined the Air Force, becoming a Second Lieutenant in 1984. He became an F-16 pilot, and flew combat missions in Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Before becoming an astronaut he was the Operations Officer of the 40th Flight Test Squadron (FTS). He first flew in space as a Mission Specialist on the STS-124 mission to the International Space Station (ISS). He returned to ISS on April 4, 2011, for a six-month stay as a member of Expedition 27.", "Q2343468": "Alexander Ivanovich Mikhailov, or A. I. Mikhailov ( December 6, 1905, Russian Empire \u2013 February 6, 1988, Moscow) was a Russian/Soviet Engineer and Information Scientist. He was one of the most influential thinkers related to the field of Information Science in the Soviet Union and the Eastern bloc.", "Q545503": "Julio Mart\u00ednez Pr\u00e1danos (Temuco, Chile, June 23, 1923 \u2013 Santiago, Chile, January 2, 2008) was a Chilean sports commentator specializing in football who had a long career in the written press, radio and television. He won the 1995 National Prize for Journalism, awarded by the Chilean Ministry of Education. He belongs to a generation of ever-lasting emblematic Chilean sports commentators, along with Sergio Livingstone, Pedro Carcuro, Alberto Fullioux, Nestor Isella and Milton Millas.\nMart\u00ednez died of terminal prostate cancer on January 2, 2008, after years of failing health.", "Q732727": "Massimo Consoli (12 December 1945 \u2013 4 November 2007) was known as \"the father of the Italian gay movement\". Besides being an activist, he was also an anarchist and an historian. In 1998, the State Archive of Italy's Ministry of Culture acquired his extensive archive of Italian gay activist history.\nHe wrote more than 30 books, mostly on gay issues, including works on German authors Karl Heinrich Ulrichs and Kurt Hiller. He was a close friend of American author and activist Vito Russo and Italian activist Mario Mieli.\nConsoli died on November 4, 2007 of colon cancer.", "Q1196965": "Rie Funakoshi (Japanese: \u8229\u8d8a \u91cc\u6075, Hepburn: Funakoshi Rie, born January 11, 1985 in Tokyo), better known by her stage name Rie fu (\u30ea\u30a8 \u30d5\u30a5, Rie F\u016b), is a Japanese singer-songwriter and musician. She resides in Tokyo but frequently travels to the United Kingdom, where she is known as Ri\u00e9, to record and promote her work.\nRie fu's songs are often bilingual, since she is fluent in both English and Japanese. Although most of her songs are primarily sung in Japanese, many feature entire verses written in English. Of her songs written entirely in Japanese, several have later been released as English-language versions.", "Q44362": "John Theodore Rossi (born June 4, 1975) is an American actor and producer best known for his portrayal of Juan Carlos \"Juice\" Ortiz on the FX series Sons of Anarchy (2008-2014). He is also known for his portrayal of Hernan \"Shades\" Alvarez in Luke Cage (2016\u20132018).", "Q151781": "Ivan VI Antonovich of Russia (Ioann Antonovich; Russian: \u0418\u043e\u0430\u043d\u043d VI; \u0418\u043e\u0430\u043d\u043d \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447; 23 August [O.S. 12 August] 1740 \u2013 16 July [O.S. 5 July] 1764) was Emperor of Russia in 1740\u201341. He was only two months old when he was proclaimed emperor and his mother named regent. Scarcely a year later his first cousin twice-removed, Elizabeth, seized the throne in a coup. Ivan and his parents were imprisoned far from the capital and spent the rest of their lives in captivity. After more than twenty years as a prisoner, Ivan was killed by his guards when some army officers (unknown to Ivan) attempted to free him. His surviving siblings, who had been born in prison, were then released into the custody of their aunt, the Queen of Denmark, but none could live normally after a lifetime of confinement.\n\n", "Q14555": "Hasle is a municipality in the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Hasle is part of the UNESCO Entlebuch Biosphere Reserve since 2001.", "Q366181": "Clifford Edward Berry (April 19, 1918 \u2013 October 30, 1963) helped John Vincent Atanasoff create the first digital electronic computer in 1939, the Atanasoff\u2013Berry computer (ABC).", "Q63905": "Kreuzlingen is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in north-eastern Switzerland. It is the seat of the district and is the second largest city of the canton, after Frauenfeld, with a population of about 22,000. Together with the adjoining city of Konstanz just across the border in Germany, Kreuzlingen is part of the largest conurbation on Lake Constance with a population of almost 120,000.", "Q864144": "Temple City is a city in Los Angeles County, California. Temple City is part of a cluster of cities, along with Pasadena, Arcadia, Rosemead, Monterey Park, San Marino, and San Gabriel, in the west San Gabriel Valley with a rapidly growing Asian population. Temple City also has a Cuban and Puerto Rican community, among other Latino nationalities. Approximately one third of the city's population is white. The population was 35,558 at the 2010 census.", "Q167233": "Hugh Johnston Anderson (May 10, 1801 \u2013 May 31, 1881) was member of the United States Congress from Maine and served as the 20th Governor of Maine.", "Q296272": "Pietro Aretino (US: , Italian: [\u02c8pj\u025b\u02d0tro are\u02c8ti\u02d0no]; 19 or 20 April 1492 \u2013 21 October 1556) was an Italian author, playwright, poet, satirist and blackmailer, who wielded influence on contemporary art and politics. He was one of the most influential writers of his time and an outspoken critic of the powerful.", "Q192912": "Stephen John Fry (born 24 August 1957) is an English actor, comedian and writer. He and Hugh Laurie are the comic double act Fry and Laurie, who starred in A Bit of Fry & Laurie and Jeeves and Wooster.\nFry's acting roles include playing his idol Oscar Wilde in the film Wilde, a performance which saw him nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor, Melchett in the BBC television series Blackadder, the title character in the television series Kingdom, a recurring guest role as Dr Gordon Wyatt on the crime series Bones, and as Gordon Deitrich in the dystopian thriller V for Vendetta. He has also written and presented several documentary series, including the Emmy Award-winning Stephen Fry: The Secret Life of the Manic Depressive, which saw him explore his bipolar disorder, and the travel series Stephen Fry in America. He was also the long-time host of the BBC television quiz show QI, with his tenure lasting from 2003 to 2016.\nBesides working in television, Fry has contributed columns and articles for newspapers and magazines and written four novels and three volumes of autobiography, Moab Is My Washpot, The Fry Chronicles, and More Fool Me. He also appears frequently on BBC Radio 4, starring in the comedy series Absolute Power, being a frequent guest on panel games such as Just a Minute, and acting as chairman during one series of I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue, where he was one of a trio of possible hosts who were tried out to succeed the late Humphrey Lyttelton, Jack Dee getting the post permanently.\nFry is also known for his voice-overs, reading all seven of the Harry Potter novels for the UK audiobook recordings, narrating the LittleBigPlanet and Birds of Steel series of video games, as well as an animated series of explanations of the laws of cricket, and a series of animations about Humanism for Humanists UK.\n\n", "Q457675": "It Is Not the Homosexual Who Is Perverse, But the Society in Which He Lives (German: Nicht der Homosexuelle ist pervers, sondern die Situation, in der er lebt) is a 1971 German camp film directed by Rosa von Praunheim. The plot follows the adventures of a young gay man from the province who arrives in Berlin. He gradually leaves behind his innocence led by his increasing appetite for excitement in the big-city gay scene. He moves from one gay milieu to another caught in his addiction for fashion and sexual experiences.Scenes from Daniel's life and the various milieus he frequents are accompanied by voice-overs that are sometimes commentaries about the different gay life styles and sometimes represent dialogue or narrations. There is no synch sound. The voice over and dialogue recorded do not match what is on the screen.\nThe reception of the film was controversial. Many viewed the harsh view of gay men culture depicted as such attack that it prompted the videotaping of a short, Audience Response to Its not the Homosexual\u2026, shot during a screening and discussion interview with von Praunheim in 1973 at New York's Museum of Modern Art, and currently precedes many of the film's screenings. The film triggered the modern gay liberation movement in Germany.", "Q1442069": "Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Caldas (October 4, 1768 \u2013 October 28, 1816) was a Colombian lawyer, military engineer, self-taught naturalist, mathematician, geographer and inventor (he created the first hypsometer), who was executed by orders of Pablo Morillo during the Spanish American Reconquista for being a forerunner of the fight for the independence of New Granada (modern day Colombia). Arguably the first Colombian scientist, he is often nicknamed \"El Sabio\" (Spanish for \"The learned,\" \"The sage\" or \"The wise\").", "Q368812": "Konstantin Georgiyevich Paustovsky (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [p\u0259\u028a\u02c8stofsk\u02b2\u026aj]; 31 May [O.S. 19 May] 1892 \u2013 July 14, 1968) was a Russian Soviet writer nominated for the Nobel Prize for literature in 1965.", "Q170029": "Johann Wilhelm Archenholz was born in Langfuhr (Wrzeszcz) near Danzig (Gda\u0144sk) on 3 September 1741. He was a Prussian officer, Professor of History and a publicist. His book about the history of the Seven Years' War (1756\u201363) was the basis for many reprints, as well as for school books. Archenholz commissioned a Berlin artist, Johann Friedrich Bolt, to produce a copper etching for Archenholz's History of Gustav Vasa of the famous Swedish Nobility. He died in \u00d6jendorf (part of Hamburg today) on 28 February 1812, where a street is named after him today.", "Q52266": "Blonay is a municipality in the district of Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q97884": "Ella Trebe (born Ella Beyer: 6 September 1902 - 11 August 1943) was a German factory worker who became an anti-government resistance activist after 1933. She was charged with high treason but was then taken to Sachsenhausen concentration camp where she was shot dead, so that her case never came to trial.", "Q121500": "Johanna Elberskirchen (11 April 1864 in Bonn \u2013 17 May 1943 in R\u00fcdersdorf) was a feminist writer and activist for the rights of women, gays and lesbians as well as blue-collar workers. She published books on women's sexuality and health among other topics. Her last known public appearance was in 1930 in Vienna, where she gave a talk at a conference organised by the World League for Sexual Reform. She was open about her own homosexuality which made her a somewhat exceptional figure in the feminist movement of her time. Her career as an activist was ended in 1933, when the Nazi Party rose to power. There is no public record of a funeral but witnesses report that Elberskirchen's urn was secretly put into Hildegard Moniac's grave, who had been her life partner.", "Q242023": "Carmen Amaya (2 November 1913 or 1 November 1915 or 1918 was a Spanish Romani flamenco dancer and singer, born in the Somorrostro district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.\nShe has been called \"the greatest Spanish Romani dancer of her generation\" and \"the most extraordinary personality of all time in flamenco dance.\" She was the first female flamenco dancer to master footwork previously reserved for the best male dancers, due to its speed and intensity. She sometimes danced in high-waisted trousers as a symbol of her strong character.", "Q171337": "Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited, currently racing in Formula One as ROKiT Williams Racing, is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor. It was founded by team owner Sir Frank Williams and automotive engineer Sir Patrick Head. It is still run by Williams. The team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams's two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations: Frank Williams Racing Cars (1969 to 1975) and Wolf\u2013Williams Racing (1976). All of Williams F1 chassis are called \"FW\" then a number, the FW being the initials of team owner, Frank Williams.\nThe team's first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix, where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick N\u00e8ve. Williams started manufacturing its own cars the following year, and Switzerland's Clay Regazzoni won Williams's first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix. At the 1997 British Grand Prix, Canadian Jacques Villeneuve scored the team's 100th race victory, making Williams one of only four teams in Formula One, alongside Ferrari, fellow British team McLaren, and Mercedes to win 100 races. Williams won nine Constructors' Championships between 1980 and 1997. This stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000.\nDrivers for Williams have included Australia's Alan Jones; Finland's Keke Rosberg; Britain's Nigel Mansell, Damon Hill and Jenson Button; France's Alain Prost; Brazil's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna; and Canada's Jacques Villeneuve. Each of these drivers, with the exception of Senna and Button, have captured one Drivers' title with the team. Of those who have won the championship with Williams, only Jones, Rosberg and Villeneuve actually defended their title while still with the team. Piquet moved to Lotus after winning the 1987 championship, Mansell moved to the American-based Indy Cars after winning the 1992 championship, Prost retired from racing after his 4th World Championship in 1993, while Hill moved to Arrows after winning in 1996. No driver who has won a drivers' title with Williams has managed to win a title again.\nWilliams have worked with many engine manufacturers, most successfully with Renault, winning five of their nine Constructors' titles with the French company. Along with Ferrari, McLaren, Benetton and Renault and currently working with Mercedes, Williams is one of a group of five teams that won every Constructors' Championship between 1979 and 2008 and every Drivers' Championship from 1984 to 2008.\nWilliams F1 also has business interests beyond Formula One racing. Based in Grove, Oxfordshire, UK, Williams has established Williams Advanced Engineering and Williams Hybrid Power which take technology originally developed for Formula One and adapt it for commercial applications. In April 2014, Williams Hybrid Power were sold to GKN. Williams Advanced Engineering had a technology centre in Qatar until it was closed in 2014.", "Q621029": "Louis Charles Delescluze (2 October 1809 \u2013 25 May 1871) was a French revolutionary leader, journalist, and military commander of the Paris Commune.\n\n", "Q439812": "Na Yoon-sun (Korean: \ub098\uc724\uc120; born August 28, 1969), also known as Youn Sun Nah, is a South Korean jazz singer.\n\n", "Q354133": "Dick Lowry (born 15 September 1944 in Oklahoma) is an American director and film producer.", "Q240634": "John Kadlecik (born June 28, 1969 in Council Bluffs, Iowa) is an American guitarist. He was a founding member as the lead guitarist for the Grateful Dead tribute band, Dark Star Orchestra, in 1997. From 2009 to 2014 he performed with original Dead members Bob Weir and Phil Lesh in Furthur.", "Q726034": "Giancarlo Camolese (born 25 February 1961 in Turin) is an Italian football (soccer) manager, TV sports caster, ex footballer, university lecturer at SUISM in Turin and instructor at the Coverciano Training Centre for players and technical staff.", "Q2543155": "Burn Up! (Japanese: \u30d0\u30fc\u30f3\u30ca\u30c3\u30d7, Hepburn: B\u0101n'nappu) is a 1991 Japanese anime original video animation. It concerns a special group of police officers called Team Warrior who are often given special assignments in the police department.\nIn North America, AnimEigo first released Burn Up! on VHS in 1992 in Japanese with English subtitles. An English dub of the OVA was produced in 1994 by ADV Films, and was released on VHS that year. In 2005, ADV Films released the OVA on DVD. The DVD also contains the English dub. In 2009, Sentai Filmworks re-released the OVA on DVD.", "Q372692": "Adrian Brunel (4 September 1892 \u2013 18 February 1958) was an English film director and screenwriter. Brunel's directorial career started in the silent era, and reached its peak in the latter half of the 1920s. His surviving work from the 1920s, both full-length feature films and shorts, is highly regarded by silent film historians for its distinctive innovation, sophistication and wit. With the arrival of talkies, Brunel's career ground to a halt and he was absent from the screen for several years before returning in the mid-1930s with a flurry of quota quickie productions, a majority of which are now classed as lost. Brunel's last credit as director was in a 1940 wartime propaganda short film, although he worked for a few years more as a \"fixer-up\" for films directed or produced by friends in the industry.\nAfter decades of neglect, Brunel's work has latterly been rediscovered and has undergone a critical re-evaluation. His \"lost\" films are eagerly sought, and the British Film Institute includes two (The Crooked Billet (1929) and Badger's Green (1934)) on its \"75 Most Wanted\" list of missing British feature films.", "Q92724": "David Galer Kirkpatrick is a Professor Emeritus of computer science at the University of British Columbia. He is known for the Kirkpatrick\u2013Seidel algorithm and his work on polygon triangulation, and for co-inventing \u03b1-shapes and the \u03b2-skeleton. He received his PhD from the University of Toronto in 1974.", "Q49120": "Tufts University is a private research university in Medford and Somerville, Massachusetts. Tufts College was founded in 1852 by Christian universalists who worked for years to open a nonsectarian institution of higher learning. It was a small New England liberal arts college until its transformation into a larger research university in the 1970s. Tufts emphasizes active citizenship and public service in all its disciplines, and is known for its internationalism and study abroad programs.Tufts offers over 90 undergraduate and 160 graduate programs across ten schools in the greater Boston area and Talloires, France. It has the country's oldest graduate school of international relations, the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. The largest school is the School of Arts and Sciences, which includes both the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and the School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts University, which is affiliated with the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. The School of Engineering offers an entrepreneurial focus through its Gordon Institute and maintains close connections with the original college.The university has a campus in Downtown Boston that houses the medical, dental, and nutrition schools, as well as the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, affiliated with several medical centers in the area. Tufts offers joint undergraduate degree programs with the New England Conservatory, and the Sciences Po Paris with additional programs with the University of Paris, University of Oxford and constituents of the University of London. Several of its programs have affiliations with the nearby institutions of Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Tufts is consistently ranked among the 30 best secondary schools in the country, and is highly selective, admitting only 15% of applicants as of fall 2018. Alumni and affiliates include Nobel laureates, heads of state, governors, senators, representatives, Emmy and Academy Award winners, and National Academy members. Tufts has also graduated several Rhodes, Marshall, Fulbright, Truman, and Goldwater scholars.", "Q2411607": "Allan Richard Williams (21 February 1930 \u2013 30 December 2016) was a British businessman and promoter who was the original booking agent and first manager of The Beatles. He personally drove the van to take the young band to Hamburg, Germany in 1960, where they gained the vital show business experience that led to their emergence on the world stage.", "Q399155": "Agust\u00edn Dur\u00e1n (14 October 1789 \u2013 1 December 1862), Spanish scholar, was born in Madrid, where his father was the court physician.\nDur\u00e1n was sent to the seminary at Vergara, whence he returned learned in the traditions of Spanish romance. In 1817 he began the study of philosophy and law at the university of Seville, and in due course was admitted to the bar at Valladolid. From 1821 to 1823 he held a post in the education department at Madrid, but in the latter year he was suspended on account of his political opinions.In 1834, Dur\u00e1n became secretary of the board for the censorship of the press, and shortly afterwards obtained a post in the national library at Madrid. The revolution of 1840 led to his dismissal, but he was reinstated in 1843. In 1854, Dur\u00e1n was appointed as the chief librarian. The next year, however, he retired to devote himself to his literary work. In 1828, shortly after his first discharge from office, he published anonymously his Discurso sobre el influjo que ha tenido la critica moderna en la decadencia del teatro antiguo; this treatise greatly influenced the younger dramatists of the day.He next endeavoured to interest his fellow-countrymen in their ancient, neglected ballads, and in the forgotten dramas of the 17th century. Five volumes of a Romancero general appeared from 1828 to 1832 (republished, with considerable additions, in 2 vols. 1849-1851), and Tal\u00eda espa\u00f1ola (1834), a reprint of old Spanish comedies. Dur\u00e1n's Romancero general is the fullest collection of the kind and is therefore unlikely to be superseded, though the texts are inferior to those edited by Marcelino Men\u00e9ndez y Pelayo.Dur\u00e1n died in Madrid.", "Q443166": "Robert Jens Rock (born April 19, 1954) is a Canadian musician, sound engineer, and record producer, best known for producing rock bands and music artists such as Metallica, the Tragically Hip, Aerosmith, the Cult, Bon Jovi, M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce, 311, Our Lady Peace, Bryan Adams, the Offspring, Michael Bubl\u00e9, Black Veil Brides, David Lee Roth, and Ron Sexsmith.", "Q519268": "Charles Gordon Fullerton (October 11, 1936 \u2013 August 21, 2013) was a United States Air Force colonel, a USAF and NASA astronaut, and a research pilot at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, California. His assignments included a variety of flight research and support activities piloting NASA's B-52 launch aircraft, the Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), and other multi-engine and high performance aircraft. Fullerton, who logged more than 380 hours in space flight, was a NASA astronaut from September 1969 until November 1986 when he joined the research pilot office at Dryden. In July 1988, he completed a 30-year career with the U.S. Air Force and retired as a colonel. He continued in his position of NASA research pilot as a civilian. Fullerton and his wife and their two children lived in Lancaster, California.", "Q102332": "Katharina M\u00fcller-Elmau (* 13. September 1965 in G\u00f6ttingen) is a German actress.", "Q816539": "Ben D. Kynard (February 28, 1920 Eureka Springs, Arkansas - July 5, 2012 Kansas City) was an American jazz saxophonist (alto and baritone saxophone).. He was known through his collaboration with Lionel Hampton, as a composer and arranger.", "Q1611310": "Anthony Lavelli, Jr. (July 11, 1926 \u2013 January 8, 1998) was an American professional basketball player and musician. He averaged 6.9 points per game during his two-year National Basketball Association (NBA) career (1949\u20131951) while also providing half-time entertainment with his accordion performances.", "Q41597": "Joan Elizabeth Higginbotham (born August 3, 1964) is an Electrical engineer and a former NASA astronaut. She flew aboard Space Shuttle Discovery mission STS-116 as a mission specialist and is the third African American woman to go into space, after Mae Jemison and Stephanie Wilson.", "Q112121": "Ernst Marischka (2 January 1893 \u2013 12 May 1963) was an Austrian screenwriter and film director. He wrote for 93 films between 1913 and 1962. He also directed 29 films between 1915 and 1962. He wrote and directed the Sissi trilogy - Sissi (1955), Sissi - The Young Empress (1956) and Sissi - Schicksalsjahre einer Kaiserin (1957). The films were based on the life of Empress Elisabeth of Austria. He was the brother of Hubert Marischka. He was named for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1946, for A Song to Remember (1945).", "Q217787": "Carole King (born Carol Joan Klein, February 9, 1942) is an American singer-songwriter who has been active since 1958, initially as one of the staff songwriters at the Brill Building and later as a solo artist. She is the most successful female songwriter of the latter half of the 20th century in the US, having written or co-written 118 pop hits on the Billboard Hot 100. King also wrote 61 hits that charted in the UK, making her the most successful female songwriter on the UK singles charts between 1952 and 2005.King's major success began in the 1960s when she and her first husband, Gerry Goffin, wrote more than two dozen chart hits, many of which have become standards, for numerous artists. She has continued writing for other artists since then. King's success as a performer in her own right did not come until the 1970s, when she sang her own songs, accompanying herself on the piano, in a series of albums and concerts. After experiencing commercial disappointment with her debut album Writer, King scored her breakthrough with the album Tapestry, which topped the U.S. album chart for 15 weeks in 1971 and remained on the charts for more than six years.King has made 25 solo albums, the most successful being Tapestry, which held the record for most weeks at No. 1 by a female artist for more than 20 years. Her record sales were estimated at more than 75 million copies worldwide. She has won four Grammy Awards and was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for her songwriting. She is the recipient of the 2013 Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song, the first woman to be so honored. She is also a 2015 Kennedy Center Honoree.", "Q70992": "Werner Eduard Fritz von Blomberg (2 September 1878 \u2013 14 March 1946) was a German General Staff officer, who, after serving at the Western Front during World War I, was appointed chief of the Troop Office during the Weimar Republic and Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces of Nazi Germany and the first general to be promoted to Generalfeldmarschall in 1936. His political opponent Hermann G\u00f6ring confronted him with criminal records among allegations of pornographic activities of his newly wed wife and forced him to resign on 27 January 1938.", "Q675493": "Henry VII (Welsh: Harri Tudur; 28 January 1457 \u2013 21 April 1509) was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.\nHenry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. He cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of Richard's brother Edward IV. Henry was successful in restoring the power and stability of the English monarchy after the civil war.\nHenry is credited with a number of administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives. His supportive policy toward England's wool industry and his standoff with the Low Countries had long-lasting benefit to the whole English economy. He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. New taxes stabilised the government's finances, although a commission after his death found widespread abuses in the tax collection process. After a reign of nearly 24 years, he was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII.", "Q1976976": "Nelson Doubleday (June 16, 1889 \u2013 January 11, 1949) was a U.S. book publisher and president of Doubleday Company from 1922\u20131946. His father Frank N. Doubleday had founded the business. His son Nelson Doubleday, Jr. followed him into it, taking part in expansion and serving as president from 1978\u20131986.", "Q1786078": "Loyola Marymount University (LMU) is a private Jesuit and Marymount research university in Los Angeles, California. It is located on the west side of the city and is scenically positioned atop the bluffs overlooking Playa Vista. LMU is also the parent school to Loyola Law School located in downtown Los Angeles.\nLMU offers 60 major and 55 minor undergraduate degrees and programs across 6 undergraduate colleges. The Graduate Division offers 51 master's degree programs, one education doctorate, one doctorate in juridical science, one juris doctorate and 12 credential programs.As of 2019, Loyola Marymount University is one of the largest Roman Catholic universities on the U.S. West Coast with just under 9,700 undergraduate, graduate and law school students.LMU's sports teams are called the Lions and compete at the NCAA Division I level as members of the West Coast Conference in 19 sports.", "Q115896": "Ignaz (Ignace) Venetz (1788 \u2014 1859) was a Swiss engineer, naturalist, and glaciologist; as one of the first scientists to recognize glaciers as a major force in shaping the earth, he played a leading role in the foundation of glaciology.", "Q78316": "Eduard Fuchs (31 January 1870, G\u00f6ppingen \u2013 26 January 1940, Paris) was a German Marxist scholar of culture and history, writer, art collector, and political activist.\nFuchs' father was a shopkeeper. Early in his life, the younger Fuchs developed socialist and Marxist political convictions. In 1886, he joined the outlawed political party Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei (the precursor of the modern SPD, Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands). Fuchs received a doctor of law degree and practiced as an attorney. In 1892, he became editor-in-chief of the satiric weekly S\u00fcddeutscher Postillon and later co-editor of the Leipziger Volkszeitung. His inflammatory articles in newspapers\u2014one accusing the Kaiser of being a mass murderer\u2014resulted in periodic jail sentences. During his periods of confinement, Fuchs wrote various social histories utilizing images as one of his primary sources. The first of these was his Karikatur der europ\u00e4ischen V\u00f6lker (Caricatures of European Peoples), 1902.\nHe moved to Berlin that same year where he edited the socialist newspaper Vorw\u00e4rts. The following year he began his magnum opus, an examination of moral practice, Sittengeschichte, eventually running to six volumes by 1912. While engaged in this series, he followed up his interest in caricatures with one devoted to the representation of women, Die Frau in der Karikatur, 1905 (3 vols). Another book documenting the stereotypical representations of Jews appeared in 1912. Fuchs traveled with the artist Max Slevogt to Egypt in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I. He was a pacifist during the War. Lenin's government put him in charge of prisoner exchange with Germany after the war; he was among the leaders of the German Comintern in Berlin in 1919. His interest in societal concerns in caricature led to a research interest in Daumier. Beginning in 1920, Fuchs published a catalogue raisonn\u00e9 on the artist in three volumes. He resigned from the party in 1929, following the expulsion of several stalwarts. At Hitler's ascension to power in Germany in 1933, Fuchs moved to France.", "Q67236": "Seehof (Elay in French) is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is one of two municipalities with German as its official language in the otherwise French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). The other is Schelten.", "Q342962": "Anthony Stewart Head (born 20 February 1954) is an English actor and musician. He rose to fame in the UK following his role in the Gold Blend couple television advertisements for Nescaf\u00e9 Gold Blend, and is known for his roles as Rupert Giles in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Uther Pendragon in Merlin, and the Prime Minister in Little Britain.", "Q163900": "Francis Xavier, S.J. (; born Francisco de Jasso y Azpilicueta; Latin Franciscus Xaverius; Basque: Frantzisko Xabierkoa; Spanish: Francisco Javier; Portuguese: Francisco Xavier; 7 April 1506 \u2013 3 December 1552), was a Navarrese Catholic missionary who was a co-founder of the Society of Jesus.\nBorn in Javier (Xavier in Old Spanish and in Navarro-Aragonese), Kingdom of Navarre (in present-day Spain), he was a companion of Ignatius of Loyola and one of the first seven Jesuits who took vows of poverty and chastity at Montmartre, Paris, in 1534. He led an extensive mission into Asia, mainly in the Portuguese Empire of the time and was influential in evangelization work, most notably in India. The Goa Inquisition was proposed by Francis Xavier. He also was the first Christian missionary to venture into Japan, Borneo, the Maluku Islands, and other areas. In those areas, struggling to learn the local languages and in the face of opposition, he had less success than he had enjoyed in India. Xavier was about to extend his missionary preaching to China when he died on Shangchuan Island.\nHe was beatified by Pope Paul V on 25 October 1619 and canonized by Pope Gregory XV on 12 March 1622. In 1624 he was made co-patron of Navarre. Known as the \"Apostle of the Indies\" and \"Apostle of Japan\", he is considered to be one of the greatest missionaries since Paul the Apostle. In 1927, Pope Pius XI published the decree \"Apostolicorum in Missionibus\" naming Francis Xavier, along with Th\u00e9r\u00e8se of Lisieux, co-patron of all foreign missions. He is now co-patron saint of Navarre with Fermin. The Day of Navarre in Navarre, Spain, marks nowadays the anniversary of Francis Xavier's death, on 3 December 1552.", "Q229669": "Malin Maria \u00c5kerman (born 12 May 1978) is a Swedish-American actress, model and singer. Born in Stockholm to Swedish parents, she was raised in Ontario, Canada, where the family relocated in the 1980s. In the early 2000s, \u00c5kerman had several smaller television and film parts in both Canadian and American productions, including The Utopian Society (2003) and Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle (2004). Following a supporting role on the HBO comedy series The Comeback (2005), she gained her first co-starring roles in the romantic comedy films The Heartbreak Kid (2007) and 27 Dresses (2008). \u00c5kerman played the female lead in the superhero film Watchmen (2009) as Silk Spectre II, a role for which she was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress.\n\u00c5kerman had supporting and starring roles in the 2009 commercially successful romantic comedies The Proposal and Couples Retreat. In 2010, she became part of the main cast on the Adult Swim comedy series Childrens Hospital, which ended in 2016. She co-starred in four feature films in 2012, including the comedy Wanderlust and the musical film Rock of Ages. She later achieved her first lead television role with the short-lived ABC comedy series Trophy Wife (2013\u201314). In later years, \u00c5kerman co-starred in the critically acclaimed I'll See You in My Dreams (2015) and the commercial hit Rampage (2018). Since 2016, \u00c5kerman has had a main role on the Showtime drama series Billions as Lara Axelrod.\nApart from acting and occasional modelling, \u00c5kerman had a brief music career as the lead vocalist for alternative rock band The Petalstones in the early 2000s, but eventually left to focus on her acting career. She has been married twice, from 2007-2014 to The Petalstones' drummer, Roberto Zincone, with whom she has a son, and since 2018 to British actor Jack Donnelly.", "Q2982419": "Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar (19 February 1906 \u2013 5 June 1973) was the second Sarsanghchalak (or, \"Chief\") of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. He has been widely noted to be the most prominent ideologue of Hindutva. One of the early leaders for the nationalist RSS group.Golwalkar authored the books Bunch of Thoughts and We, or Our Nationhood Defined.", "Q177975": "Gaius Marius (, Latin pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261a\u02d0.\u026a.\u028as \u02c8mar\u026a.\u028as]; 157 BC \u2013 13 January 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. Victor of the Cimbric and Jugurthine wars, he held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his important reforms of Roman armies. He was at the centre of a paradigmatic shift from the militia levies of the middle Republic to the professional soldiery of the late Republic; he also improved the pilum, a javelin (after improvement) designed to bend on impact, and made large-scale changes to the logistical structure of the Roman army.For his victory over invading Germanic tribes in the Cimbrian War, he was dubbed \"the third founder of Rome\". His life and career, by breaking with many of the precedents that bound the ambitious upper class of the Roman Republic together and instituting a soldiery loyal not to the Republic but to their commanders, was highly significant in Rome's transformation from Republic to Empire. In the realm of politics he helped lead the Populares faction against the Optimates of Lucius Cornelius Sulla, their rivalry coming to a head in 88\u201387 BC during Sulla's first civil war. A year later Marius died of natural causes during his seventh consulship.", "Q99842": "Georg Philipp Wilhelm Voigt (16 September 1866 \u2013 13 April 1927) was a German politician. Voigt was the mayor of Rixdorf, Barmen, Frankfurt and Marburg.\n\n", "Q524664": "Andr\u00e9s Eligio Quintana Roo (30 November 1787 \u2013 15 April 1851) was a Mexican liberal politician, lawyer, and author. He was the husband of fellow freedom fighter Leona Vicario.\nQuintana Roo was one of the most influential men in the Mexican War of Independence and served as a member of the Congress of Chilpancingo where he presided over the National Constituent Congress, which drafted the Mexican Declaration of Independence in 1813. He served multiple terms in the Chamber of Deputies, serving as its president twice. Quintana Roo also served as a member of the Mexican Supreme Court. He edited and founded many newspapers including El Ilustrador Americano (The American Illustrator) El Semanario Patri\u00f3tico Americano (The American Patriot Weekly), and El Federalista Mexicano (The Mexican Federalist). The Mexican state of Quintana Roo was named in his honor.", "Q263006": "Mujhse Dosti Karoge! (transl.\u2009Will You Be My Friend!) is a 2002 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film directed by Kunal Kohli and produced by Aditya Chopra and Yash Chopra under the banner of Yash Raj Films. The film, which was loosely inspired from the 1996 American comedy The Truth About Cats & Dogs, follows the love triangle of three friends played by Rani Mukerji, Kareena Kapoor and Hrithik Roshan in leading roles, with Uday Chopra appearing in an extended special appearance.\n\n", "Q25005": "Rio Rita is a 1942 comedy film starring Abbott and Costello. It was based upon the 1927 Flo Ziegfeld Broadway musical, which was previously made into a 1929 film also titled Rio Rita that starred the comedy team of Wheeler & Woolsey. Kathryn Grayson (in her first starring picture) and John Carroll replace the 1929 version's Bebe Daniels and John Boles.", "Q273215": "Rodney Stephen Steiger (April 14, 1925 \u2013 July 9, 2002) was an American actor, noted for his portrayal of offbeat, often volatile and crazed characters. Cited as \"one of Hollywood's most charismatic and dynamic stars,\" he is closely associated with the art of method acting, embodying the characters he played, which at times led to clashes with directors and co-stars. He starred as Marlon Brando's mobster brother Charley in On the Waterfront (1954), the title character Sol Nazerman in The Pawnbroker (1964), and as police chief Bill Gillespie opposite Sidney Poitier in the film In the Heat of the Night (1967) which won him the Academy Award for Best Actor.\nSteiger was born in Westhampton, New York, the son of a vaudevillian. He had a difficult childhood, with an alcoholic mother from whom he ran away at the age of 16. After serving in the South Pacific Theater during World War II, he began his acting career with television roles in 1947, and went on to garner critical acclaim for his portrayal of the title character in the teleplay \"Marty\" (1953). He made his stage debut in 1946, in a production of Curse you, Jack Dalton! at the Civic Repertory Theatre of Newark, and subsequently appeared in productions such as An Enemy of the People (1950), Clifford Odets's Night Music (1951), Seagulls Over Sorrento (1952) and Rashomon (1959).\nSteiger made his film debut in Fred Zinnemann's Teresa in 1951, and subsequently appeared in films such as The Big Knife (1955), Oklahoma! (1955), Across the Bridge (1957) and Al Capone (1959). After Steiger's performance in The Pawnbroker in 1964, in which he played an embittered Jewish Holocaust survivor working as a pawnbroker in New York City, he portrayed an opportunistic Russian politician in David Lean's Doctor Zhivago (1965). In the Heat of the Night (1967) won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor for Steiger, who was lauded for his performance as a Mississippi police chief who learns to respect an African-American officer (Poitier) as they search for a killer. The following year, he played a serial killer of many guises in No Way to Treat a Lady.\nDuring the 1970s, Steiger increasingly turned to European productions in his search for more demanding roles. He portrayed Napoleon Bonaparte in Waterloo (1970), a Mexican bandit in Sergio Leone's Duck, You Sucker! (1971), Benito Mussolini in Last Days of Mussolini (1975), and ended the decade playing a disturbed priest in The Amityville Horror (1979). By the 1980s, heart problems and depression took its toll on Steiger's career, and he found it difficult to find employment, agreeing to appear in low-budget B movies. One of his final roles was as judge H. Lee Sarokin in the prison drama The Hurricane (1999), which reunited him with In the Heat of the Night director Norman Jewison. Steiger was married five times, and had a daughter, opera singer Anna Steiger, and a son, Michael Steiger. He died of pneumonia and kidney failure as a result of complications from surgery for a gall bladder tumor on July 9, 2002, aged 77, in Los Angeles, and was survived by his fifth wife Joan Benedict Steiger.", "Q43380": "CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television and radio network that is the flagship property of the CBS Entertainment Group division of ViacomCBS. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major production facilities and operations in New York City (at the CBS Broadcast Center) and Los Angeles (at CBS Television City and the CBS Studio Center).\nCBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the company's trademark symbol, in use since 1951. It has also been called the \"Tiffany Network\", alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBS's first demonstrations of color television, which were held in a former Tiffany & Co. building in New York City in 1950.The network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc., a collection of 16 radio stations purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paley's guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, and eventually one of the Big Three American broadcast television networks. In 1974 CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. The Westinghouse Electric Corporation acquired the network in 1995, renamed its corporate entity to the current CBS Broadcasting, Inc. in 1997, and eventually adopted the name of the company it had acquired to become CBS Corporation. In 2000 CBS came under the control of the first Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971. In late 2005, Viacom split itself into two separate companies and re-established CBS Corporation through the spin-off of its broadcast television, radio, and select cable television and non-broadcasting assets, with the CBS television network at its core. CBS Corporation was controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controlled the second Viacom until December 4, 2019, when the two separated companies agreed to re-merge to become the new single entity known as ViacomCBS.\nCBS formerly operated the CBS Radio network until 2017, when it merged its radio division with Entercom. Before this, CBS Radio mainly provided news and features content for its portfolio owned-and-operated radio stations in large and mid-sized markets, and affiliated radio stations in various other markets. While CBS Corporation shareholders own a 72% stake in Entercom, CBS no longer owns or operates any radio stations directly, though CBS still provides radio news broadcasts to its radio affiliates and the new owners of its former radio stations and licenses the rights to use CBS trademarks under a long-term contract. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated, and affiliated television stations throughout the United States; some of them are also available in Canada via pay-television providers or in border areas over-the-air. The company ranked 197th on the 2018 Fortune 500 of the largest American corporations by revenue.", "Q110736": "Birgitt \"Biggi\" Bender (born 28 December 1956 in D\u00fcsseldorf) is a German politician and member of Alliance '90/The Greens in the Bundestag.\nBender studied law in Cologne, Geneva and in Freiburg and finished her studies 1984.\nFrom 1988 to 2001 Bender was a member of the Landtag of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in Stuttgart. Since 2002 Bender has been a member of the Bundestag in Berlin. She is openly lesbian.She contested the 2009 election in the Stuttgart II district, but was unsuccessful.", "Q361163": "Yevgeny Ananyevich Khaldei (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u0430\u043b\u0434\u0435\u0439) (23 March [O.S. 10 March] 1917 \u2013 6 October 1997) was a Red Army naval officer and photographer, best known for his World War II photograph of a Soviet soldier Raising a flag over the Reichstag, in Berlin, capital of the vanquished Nazi Germany.", "Q477228": "The Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents (French: Parti des paysans, artisans et ind\u00e9pendants) or Farmers', Traders' and Citizens' Party (German: Bauern-, Gewerbe- und B\u00fcrgerpartei, BGB) was a Swiss political party founded in 1936. It grew out of a merger between various farmers\u2019 parties at canton level which had been established during the First World War (Zurich 1917 and Bern 1918).\nIn November 1917, Rudolf Minger set up the Bern Party of Farmers and Independents (Bernischen Bauern- und B\u00fcrgerpartei, BGB) following a meeting held at an assembly hall in Bern known as the Bierh\u00fcbeli his party was first represented in the Federal Council of the cantonal government from 1929 to 1940. Like Minger himself, all the party's other Federal Councillors came from the canton of Bern: Eduard von Steiger (1941\u201351), Markus Feldmann (1952\u201358), Friedrich Traugott Wahlen (1959\u201365) and Rudolf Gn\u00e4gi (1966\u201379). However, Bern was not the only canton in which the party was represented: it also existed in the cantons of Aargau, Baselland, Freiburg, Schaffhausen, Tessin, Thurgau, Waadt and Z\u00fcrich.\nIn 1971, the Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents combined with the Democratic Party of the cantons of Glarus and Graub\u00fcnden to form the Swiss People's Party. The SVP inherited the BGB's seat on the Federal Council.", "Q275664": "Clotilde Hesme (born 30 July 1979) is a French actress, best known for playing Lilie in Philippe Garrel's Regular Lovers and Alice in Christophe Honor\u00e9's Love Songs. She is also known for the role of Ad\u00e8le from the TV series Les Revenants.", "Q89489": "Wolfgang Katzian (born October 28, 1956 in Stockerau, Austria) is austrian politician and president of the Austrian Trade Union Federation since June 14th 2018. In 2005 he became chairman of the Union of Private Sector Employees (GPA), which at the time was Austria's largest trade union. In 2007 the GPA merged with the Union of Printing, Journalism and Paper (DJP), Austria's oldest trade union, to form the GPA-DJP. Katzian retained his position as Chairman in the new union, which, as of June 2010, remains the largest in Austria. Intermittently since 2006 he has served as member of Austria's National Council. He has been a member of the UNI World Executive board since 2005.", "Q300589": "A Ticket to Tomahawk is a 1950 American color western musical comedy film directed by Richard Sale and starring Dan Dailey and Anne Baxter. It was released by 20th Century Fox. Marilyn Monroe appeared in one of her earliest roles.", "Q296299": "Aravind Adiga (born 23 October 1974) is an Indo-Australian writer and journalist. His debut novel, The White Tiger, won the 2008 Man Booker Prize.\n\n", "Q65347": "Langnau am Albis is a village in the district of Horgen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q213287": "Marlee Beth Matlin (born August 24, 1965) is an American actress, author, and activist. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for Children of a Lesser God (1986) and to date is the only deaf performer to have won an Academy Award. Having won the award at the age of 21, she is also the youngest winner in the category. Her work in film and television has resulted in a Golden Globe award, with two additional nominations, and four Emmy nominations. Deaf since she was 18 months old, due to illness and high fevers, she is also a prominent member of the National Association of the Deaf. Her longtime interpreter is Jack Jason.", "Q3577654": "Moscow Art Theatre School is the studio school of the Moscow Art Theatre. It is a state educational institution that has existed since 1943. The initiator of the studio school was Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko.Open three faculties \u2014 the cast (training \u2014 4 years, the competition \u2014 30 per place), staging (training \u2014 5 years, the contest \u2014 3 persons per place) and Producer (training \u2014 5 years, the competition \u2014 4 persons per place). Form of study \u2014 full-time.", "Q62428": "Max Karl Wilhelm von Gallwitz (2 May 1852 \u2013 18 April 1937) was a German general from Breslau (Wroc\u0142aw), Silesia, who served with distinction during World War I on both the Eastern and Western Fronts.", "Q75154": "Erich Knauf (21 February 1895 - 2 May 1944) was a German journalist, writer, and songwriter. He was executed for making jokes about the Nazi regime.", "Q11982003": "Kristen Borgar Dahler Eik-Nes (28 September 1922 \u2013 23 February 1992) was a Norwegian medical scientist, known for his contributions to androgen research. \nHe was born at the village of Sparbu (now Steinkjer) in Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag, Norway. He was the son of Nina Eik-Nes and Knut Eik-Nes. As a young boy he suffered from serious illness which delayed his education. During the German occupation of Norway he was a member of Milorg, and eventually a regional Milorg leader. He graduated from the medical program at the University of Oslo in 1951.He was appointed professor at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City from 1958, and later at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. From 1972 he was professor in biophysics at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim. His hobbies included climbing and motor sport, and he was a passionate art collector. Following his death, his art collection was bequeathed to Trondhjems Kunstforening.", "Q109501": "Richard Wilhelm Ferdinand von Helmholtz (28 September 1852 \u2013 10 September 1934) was a German engineer and designer of steam locomotives. Richard von Helmholtz was born on 28 September 1852 in K\u00f6nigsberg, Prussia, the son of the physicist Hermann von Helmholtz and his first wife Olga, n\u00e9e von Velten.", "Q3085147": "Joseph L\u00e9o Fran\u00e7ois Legault (pronounced [f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa l\u0259\u0261o]; born May 26, 1957) is a Canadian politician and businessman serving as the 32nd and current premier of Quebec since 2018. He has been Leader of the Coalition Avenir Qu\u00e9bec party since its founding in 2011 and a cabinet minister during the premierships of Lucien Bouchard and Bernard Landry. Prior to becoming a politician, he was the co-founder of the Canadian airline Air Transat.Legault was a member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1998 to 2009, serving in the government of Quebec as Minister of Education from 1998 to 2002 and as Minister of Health from 2002 to 2003. As a member of the Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois (PQ), he was first elected in the 1998 Quebec election in the riding of Rousseau in the Lanaudi\u00e8re region. He was re-elected in 2003, 2007 and 2008 but resigned his seat on June 25, 2009.\nHe returned to the legislature at the 2012 Quebec provincial election as the MNA for L'Assomption, a suburb of Montreal. He was reelected in the 2014 election and won 2018 election. Legault is the first Premier since 1970, when Jean-Jacques Bertrand of the now-defunct Union Nationale party was in office, to not hail from either the Quebec Liberal Party or the Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois.", "Q130380": "Klemens Mielczarek (17 October 1920 \u2013 2 January 2006) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in more than 20 films between 1935 and 1991.\n\n", "Q609028": "Antratsyt or Antratsit (Ukrainian: \u0410\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0442; Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0442) is a city in Eastern Ukraine. Until 1962 it was known as Bokove-Antratsyt. \nThe city is located in the southern part of the Luhansk Oblast (region). Antratsyt is incorporated as a city of oblast significance and is the center of Antratsyt Municipality which includes six urban-type settlements. It also serves as the administrative center of Antratsyt Raion (district), though it does not belong to the raion. Its population is approximately 53,641\u2009(2017 est.).\n\n", "Q985351": "Alexandria is the ninth-largest city in the state of Louisiana and is the parish seat of Rapides Parish, Louisiana, United States. It lies on the south bank of the Red River in almost the exact geographic center of the state. It is the principal city of the Alexandria metropolitan area (population 153,922) which encompasses all of Rapides and Grant parishes. Its neighboring city is Pineville. In 2010, the population was 47,723, an increase of 3 percent from the 2000 census.", "Q73525": "Walter Flex (6 July 1887 \u2013 16 October 1917) was a German author responsible for The Wanderer between the Two Worlds: An Experience of War (Der Wanderer zwischen beiden Welten) of 1916, a war novel dealing with themes of humanity, friendship, and suffering during World War I.", "Q1144610": "The Republican Party of Armenia (RPA, Armenian: \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576\u056b \u0540\u0561\u0576\u0580\u0561\u057a\u0565\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u053f\u0578\u0582\u057d\u0561\u056f\u0581\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576, \u0540\u0540\u053f; Hayastani Hanrapetakan Kusaktsutyun, HHK) is a national-conservative political party in Armenia. It was the first political party in independent Armenia to be founded (April 2, 1990) and registered (May 14, 1991). It is the largest party of the right-wing in Armenia, and claims to have had, at its heyday 140,000 members. After the 2018 Armenian parliamentary election, the party failed to attain the minimum 5% threshold for representation in the Armenian Parliament, and is now an extra-parliamentary opposition party. \nThe Economist magazine has described the RPA as a \"typical post-Soviet 'party of power' mainly comprising senior government officials, civil servants, and wealthy business people dependent on government connections.\" It has been described by political commentators as essentially lacking political ideology.", "Q995142": "Bryant Clifford Meyer (sometimes credited as Clifford Meyer, BC Meyer, Cliff Meyer or Bryant C Meyer) is a keyboardist, guitarist and vocalist, best known for his tenure with Los Angeles, California-based post-metal band Isis. He was with the band since its debut full-length, Celestial, in 2000. Previously, he was a formative member of Boston-based rock band The Gersch. He is also a member of post-rock side projects Red Sparowes, Windmills by the Ocean and a solo project named Taiga.\nIn April 2012 it was announced that Meyer had joined Chino Moreno of Deftones, along with former bandmates Aaron Harris and Jeff Caxide, in a side project by the name of Palms. Their first album was originally slated for release in 2012, but eventually was put out by Ipecac Recordings in 2013.", "Q27971960": "Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Slingshot, or simply Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Slingshot, is an American digital series created for ABC.com, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement, and Logistics Division) and the character Yo-Yo Rodriguez. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and television series of the franchise, and is a supplement to Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. The series is produced by ABC Studios and Marvel Television.\nThe series revolves around a mission Rodriguez embarks on before the events of the fourth season of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Natalia Cordova-Buckley reprises her role as Rodriguez from Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., along with Clark Gregg, Chloe Bennet, Jason O'Mara, Ming-Na Wen, Iain De Caestecker, Elizabeth Henstridge and Henry Simmons. Slingshot was revealed at the end of the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. episode \"The Laws of Inferno Dynamics\" in December 2016, with members of that series' production team also working on the digital one.\nAll episodes of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Slingshot were released on December 13, 2016. It received a positive critical response, and won a Webby Award, along with nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award, Streamy Award, and Writers Guild of America Awards.", "Q438259": "Louisa is a 1950 American comedy film directed by Alexander Hall starring Ronald Reagan, Charles Coburn, Ruth Hussey, Edmund Gwenn and Spring Byington. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Sound (Leslie I. Carey).", "Q197881": "Adel Shah Afshar (also spelled Adil), born \u02bfAl\u012b-qol\u012b Khan (Modern Persian: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631) (died 1749) was the Afsharid Shah of Iran from 1747 to 1748, a nephew and successor of Nader Shah, the founder of the Afsharid dynasty.\n\n", "Q277715": "The Crash Test Dummies are a Canadian rock band from Winnipeg, Manitoba.\nThe band is most identifiable through Brad Roberts (vocals, guitar) and his distinctive bass-baritone voice. The band members have fluctuated over the years, but its best known line-up consisted of Roberts, Ellen Reid (co-vocals, keyboards), Brad's brother Dan Roberts (bass guitar, backing vocals), Benjamin Darvill (harmonica, mandolin), and Mitch Dorge (drums, percussion). The band is best known internationally for their 1993 single \"Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm\" and best known in Canada for the 1991 single \"Superman's Song\".", "Q530177": "Gregory Jay Leon (born May 19th, 1958) is a Los Angeles hard rock guitarist notable for his stints in Quiet Riot and Dokken. He was also in a band called Suite 19 with Gary Holland, who was later replaced by Tommy Lee.Leon is considered an influential and important musical personality in the Hollywood Hard Rock/Heavy Metal scene of the late 1970s and early 1980s, playing an integral part in the successive fortunes of the acts he was associated with.\n\n", "Q590": "Lu\u00eds Vaz de Cam\u00f5es (Portuguese pronunciation: [lu\u02c8i\u0292 \u02c8va\u0292 d\u0268 ka\u02c8m\u00f5j\u0283]; sometimes rendered in English as Camoens or Camo\u00ebns, e.g. by Byron in English Bards and Scotch Reviewers, ; c. 1524 or 1525 \u2013 20 June [O.S. 10 June] 1580) is considered Portugal's and the Portuguese language's greatest poet. His mastery of verse has been compared to that of Shakespeare, Vondel, Homer, Virgil and Dante. He wrote a considerable amount of lyrical poetry and drama but is best remembered for his epic work Os Lus\u00edadas (The Lusiads). His collection of poetry The Parnasum of Lu\u00eds de Cam\u00f5es was lost in his lifetime. The influence of his masterpiece Os Lus\u00edadas is so profound that Portuguese is sometimes called the \"language of Cam\u00f5es\".", "Q113559": "Martin Bartenstein (born 3 June 1953) is an Austrian businessman and politician who held different cabinet portfolios between 1995 and 2008. He is a member of the Austrian People's Party.", "Q49875": "Takeshi Shina (\u968e \u731b, Shina Takeshi, born October 7, 1966) is a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party for the People, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A 1991 graduate of the University of Tokyo, he was elected for the first time in 2007.", "Q196547": "Bashir Badr (born Syed Muhammad Bashir on 15 February 1935) is an Indian poet of Urdu.", "Q237331": "Hannah Louise Spearritt (born 1 April 1981) is an English actress and singer. She is an original member of the pop group S Club 7. Spearritt is also known for playing the role of Abby Maitland in the drama Primeval.", "Q507903": "Athol George Guy, (born 5 January 1940), is a member of the Australian pop music group The Seekers, for whom he plays double bass and sings. He is easily recognisable by his black-framed \"Buddy Holly\" glasses, and, during live performances, often acts as the group's comp\u00e8re.", "Q700018": "Le\u00f3 Frankel (L\u00e9o Fr\u00e4nkel) (25 February 1844, \u00dajlak \u2013 29 March 1896, Paris) was a Communist revolutionary of Hungarian and Jewish origin.", "Q231998": "Two Brothers is a 2004 family adventure drama film directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud. Starring Guy Pearce and Freddie Highmore, it tells the story about two Indochinese tiger brothers named Kumal and Sangha, who are separated from their parents as younger cubs and then reunited a year later as adults.", "Q541956": "Wittenberge (German pronunciation: [\u02ccv\u026at\u0259n\u02c8b\u025b\u0250\u032f\u0261\u0259]) is a town of eighteen thousand people on the middle Elbe in the district of Prignitz, Brandenburg, Germany.", "Q1383491": "Fredrik Rosing Bull (25 December 1882 \u2013 7 June 1925) was an information technology pioneer, known for his work on improved punched card machines.\nBull was born in Kristiania (Oslo, Norway). In 1907 he finished his studies in civil engineering at the Technical School of Kristiania (Kristiania Tekniske Skole). In 1916 he was hired as a technical inspector for the insurance company Storebrand, where he developed an interest for punched card machines technology and began developing one of his own. In 1919 he obtained a patent for the machine, and in 1921 he prepared a team that took over the implementation of the machine at the company where Bull worked at that time, Storebrand. This team provided several new ideas for improving the Bull machine, rendering it superior to Hollerith's device - the precursor to the IBM punched card machine - in use at that time. Bull continued to develop his ideas, improving the machine, which became a success throughout Europe. He was diagnosed with cancer at an early age and died in 1925 when he was 42 years old. His patents were later sold in 1931 and constituted the basis for the founding of the French company Groupe Bull, a large information technology company operating in over 100 countries.", "Q188779": "Norwegians (Norwegian: nordmenn) are a North Germanic ethnic group native to Norway. They share a common culture and speak the Norwegian language. Norwegian people and their descendants are found in migrant communities worldwide, notably in the United States, Canada, Australia, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Brazil, Mexico, New Zealand and South Africa.", "Q365463": "Cornelis Jacobszoon Drebbel (Dutch pronunciation: [k\u0254r\u02c8ne\u02d0l\u026as \u02c8ja\u02d0k\u0254pso\u02d0n \u02c8dr\u025bb\u0259l] ) (1572 \u2013 7 November 1633) was a Dutch engineer and inventor. He was the builder of the first navigable submarine in 1620 and an innovator who contributed to the development of measurement and control systems, optics and chemistry.", "Q58978": "Max Born (German: [\u02c8maks \u02c8b\u0254\u0250\u032fn]; 11 December 1882 \u2013 5 January 1970) was a German-Jewish physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 1930s. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his \"fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function\".Born entered the University of G\u00f6ttingen in 1904, where he found the three renowned mathematicians Felix Klein, David Hilbert, and Hermann Minkowski. He wrote his Ph.D. thesis on the subject of \"Stability of Elastica in a Plane and Space\", winning the University's Philosophy Faculty Prize. In 1905, he began researching special relativity with Minkowski, and subsequently wrote his habilitation thesis on the Thomson model of the atom. A chance meeting with Fritz Haber in Berlin in 1918 led to discussion of the manner in which an ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a halogen, which is today known as the Born\u2013Haber cycle.\nIn the First World War, after originally being placed as a radio operator, he was moved to research duties regarding sound ranging due to his specialist knowledge. In 1921, Born returned to G\u00f6ttingen, arranging another chair for his long-time friend and colleague James Franck. Under Born, G\u00f6ttingen became one of the world's foremost centres for physics. In 1925, Born and Werner Heisenberg formulated the matrix mechanics representation of quantum mechanics. The following year, he formulated the now-standard interpretation of the probability density function for \u03c8*\u03c8 in the Schr\u00f6dinger equation, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954. His influence extended far beyond his own research. Max Delbr\u00fcck, Siegfried Fl\u00fcgge, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim, Robert Oppenheimer, and Victor Weisskopf all received their Ph.D. degrees under Born at G\u00f6ttingen, and his assistants included Enrico Fermi, Werner Heisenberg, Gerhard Herzberg, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Wolfgang Pauli, L\u00e9on Rosenfeld, Edward Teller, and Eugene Wigner.\nIn January 1933, the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, and Born, who was Jewish, was suspended from his professorship at the University of G\u00f6ttingen. He emigrated to the United Kingdom, where he took a job at St John's College, Cambridge, and wrote a popular science book, The Restless Universe, as well as Atomic Physics, which soon became a standard textbook. In October 1936, he became the Tait Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, where, working with German-born assistants E. Walter Kellermann and Klaus Fuchs, he continued his research into physics. Born became a naturalised British subject on 31 August 1939, one day before World War II broke out in Europe. He remained at Edinburgh until 1952. He retired to Bad Pyrmont, in West Germany, and died in hospital in G\u00f6ttingen on 5 January 1970.", "Q2958665": "Charles Campora was a Monegasque biologist and businessman. He was the president of AS Monaco FC, the national football club of Monaco, in 1954-55 and 1957-59.", "Q312833": "Leroy Gordon \"Gordo\" Cooper Jr. (March 6, 1927 \u2013 October 4, 2004) was an American aerospace engineer, test pilot, United States Air Force pilot, and the youngest of the seven original astronauts in Project Mercury, the first human space program of the United States. Cooper learned to fly as a child, and after service in the United States Marine Corps during World War II, he was commissioned into the United States Air Force in 1949. After service as a fighter pilot, he qualified as a test pilot in 1956, and was selected as an astronaut in 1959.\nIn 1963 Cooper piloted the longest and last Mercury spaceflight, Mercury-Atlas 9. During that 34-hour mission he became the first American to spend an entire day in space, the first to sleep in space, and the last American launched on an entirely solo orbital mission. Despite a series of severe equipment failures, he managed to successfully complete the mission under manual control, guiding his spacecraft, which he named Faith 7, to a splashdown just 4 miles (6.4 km) ahead of the recovery ship. Cooper became the first astronaut to make a second orbital flight when he flew as Command Pilot of Gemini 5 in 1965. Along with Pilot Pete Conrad, he set a new space endurance record by traveling 3,312,993 miles (5,331,745 km) in 190 hours and 56 minutes\u2014just short of eight days\u2014showing that astronauts could survive in space for the length of time necessary to go from the Earth to the Moon and back.\nCooper liked to race cars and boats, and entered the $28,000 Salton City 500 miles (800 km) boat race, and the Southwest Championship Drag Boat races in 1965, and the 1967 Orange Bowl Regatta with fire fighter Red Adair. In 1968, he entered the 24 Hours of Daytona, but NASA management ordered him to withdraw due to the dangers involved. After serving as backup commander of the Apollo 10 mission, he was superseded by Alan Shepard, and retired from NASA and the Air Force with the rank of colonel in 1971.", "Q3563621": "Constantin Cantacuzino (nicknamed B\u00e2zu; 11 November 1905 \u2013 26 May 1958) was a Romanian aviator, one of his country's leading World War II fighter aces, and a member of the Cantacuzino family.", "Q71332": "Hermann Konstantin Albert Julius von Hanneken (5 January 1890 \u2013 22 July 1981) was a German General of the Infantry who was supreme commander of the German forces in Denmark from 29 September 1942 to January 1945.", "Q67544": "Malleray is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of B\u00e9vilard, Malleray and Pontenet merged to form the new municipality of Valbirse.", "Q1121088": "Louis \"Loulou\" Gast\u00e9 (18 March 1908 \u2013 8 January 1995) was a French composer of songs.", "Q70038": "Neggio is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q728958": "Foals are an English rock band from Oxford, formed in 2005. The band's current line-up consists of lead vocalist and lead guitarist Yannis Philippakis, drummer and percussionist Jack Bevan, rhythm guitarist Jimmy Smith and keyboardist Edwin Congreave. They are currently signed to Warner Records, and have released six studio albums to date: Antidotes (2008), Total Life Forever (2010), Holy Fire (2013), What Went Down (2015), and Everything Not Saved Will Be Lost \u2013 Part 1 & 2 (2019). They have also released one video album, six extended plays and twenty-seven singles.\nThe band have toured internationally for over a decade, and have featured at festivals such as Glastonbury, Coachella, and Roskilde. They have won a number of awards, including best live act at the 2013 Q Awards while producers Alan Moulder and Flood were awarded 'UK Producer of the Year' for their work on the album Holy Fire.The band's most recent studio album, Everything Not Saved Will Be Lost \u2013 Part 1 was released in March 2019 while their sixth and immediate follow-up, Part 2, was released on 18 October 2019.\n\n", "Q103986": "Gerhard Dammann (30 March 1883 \u2013 21 February 1946) was a German film actor.", "Q112653": "Franz Schuh (born March 15, 1947) is an Austrian novelist, literary critic and, above all, essayist in the tradition of Karl Kraus and Alfred Polgar. Schuh was born, and lives, in Vienna, where, just like his predecessors, he prefers to write in one of the traditional coffeehouses.", "Q76449": "Sepp Daxenberger (10 April 1962 \u2013 18 August 2010) was a German Green Party politician.", "Q1329478": "Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU, Czech: \u010cesk\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed technick\u00e9 v Praze, \u010cVUT) is one of the largest universities in the Czech Republic, and is one of the oldest institutes of technology in Central Europe. It is also the oldest non-military technical university in Europe.In the academic year 2017/18 Czech Technical University offered 128 degree programs in Czech and 87 in English.", "Q3015226": "Al-Tha\u02bflabi (Ab\u016b Is\u1e25\u0101\u1e33 A\u1e25mad ibn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Ibr\u0101h\u012bm al-N\u012bs\u0101b\u016br\u012b al-Tha\u02bflab\u012b \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0639\u0644\u0628\u064a, d. d. November 1035) was an eleventh-century Islamic scholar of Persian origin.He was accorded a high rank by Sunni scholars. In Tabaqat al-Kubra of Volume 3 page 23 the appraisal of Thalabi is as follows:\n\nAllamah Thalabi was the greatest scholar of his time with regard to knowledge of the Quran and Imam of Ahl'ul Sunnah, Abu Qasim al Qurshree commented \" I saw Allah in a dream, I was conversing with Him and vice verse, during our conversation, Allah said ' a pious man is coming, I looked and Ahmad bin Thalabi was coming towards us.\"", "Q560754": "Alfred Worm (14 June 1945 \u2013 4 February 2007) was an Austrian journalist, author and university professor.\n\n", "Q444190": "Alexandra Hetherington Breckenridge (born May 15, 1982) is an American actress. She began her career with supporting roles in the teen comedy films Big Fat Liar (2002) and She's the Man (2006). She later played reporter Willa McPherson in the series Dirt, and had a supporting role on the short-lived series The Ex List. She is also the voice of various characters on the animated television series Family Guy. She starred in the first season of FX's American Horror Story: Murder House as young Moira O'Hara, and portrayed Kaylee in the third season, American Horror Story: Coven. She portrayed Jessie Anderson in the AMC series The Walking Dead, Sophie on the NBC series This Is Us, and Melinda \"Mel\" Monroe in Virgin River.", "Q228205": "Pope Leo IV (790 \u2013 17 July 855) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 10 April 847 to his death. He is remembered for repairing Roman churches that had been damaged during Arab raids on Rome, and for building the Leonine Wall around Vatican Hill. Pope Leo organized a league of Italian cities who fought and won the sea Battle of Ostia against the Saracens.", "Q983734": "Richard William Costolo (pronounced: ) (born September 10, 1963) was the CEO of Twitter from 2010 to 2015; he also served as the COO before becoming CEO. He took over as CEO from Evan Williams in October 2010. On June 11, 2015, it was announced that Costolo would step down as CEO on July 1, 2015 and would be replaced by Twitter co-founder and chairman Jack Dorsey on an interim basis until the Board of Directors could find a replacement. On August 8, 2015, The New York Times reported that Costolo would be leaving Twitter's Board of Directors by the end of the year or when a new CEO is appointed.", "Q371402": "The Communist Party of Cuba is the ruling political party in the Republic of Cuba. It is a communist party of the Marxist\u2013Leninist model. The Cuban constitution ascribes the role of the party to be the \"leading force of society and of the state\". Since April 2011, the First Secretary of the Central Committee has been Ra\u00fal Castro, younger brother of the previous First Secretary Fidel Castro, who died on 25 November 2016. The Second Secretary has been Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Machado Ventura.", "Q23306": "Greater London is a ceremonial county of England that makes up the majority of the London region. This region forms the administrative boundaries of London and is organised into 33 local government districts\u2014the 32 London boroughs and the City of London, which is located within the region but is separate from the county. The Greater London Authority, based in Southwark, is responsible for strategic local government across the region and consists of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The City of London Corporation is the principal local authority for the City of London, with a similar role to that of the 32 London borough councils.\nAdministratively, Greater London was first established as a sui generis council area under the Greater London Council between 1963 and 1986. The county of Greater London was created on 1 April 1965 through the London Government Act 1963. The area was re-established as a region in 1994. The Greater London Authority was formed in 2000.The region covers 1,572 km2 (607 sq mi) and had a population of 8,174,000 at the 2011 census. The Greater London Built-up Area is used in some national statistics and is a measure of the continuous urban area and includes areas outside the administrative region.", "Q101149": "Axel Theodor Klaus Milberg (born 1 August 1956) is a German actor. His most prominent role is that of Tatort investigator Klaus Borowski.\n\n", "Q703505": "George M. Averoff (15 August 1815, Metsovo \u2013 15 July 1899, Alexandria), alternately Jorgos Averof or Georgios Averof (in Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c6), was an Aromanian businessman and philanthropist. He is one of the great national benefactors of Greece. Born in the town of Metsovo (Epirus, Greece, then Ottoman Empire) Averoff moved to Alexandria while still young. He was known through most of his life for founding numerous schools in both Egypt and Greece.", "Q106626": "Bernhard Josef Philberth (26 March 1927 in Traunstein, Germany \u2013 8 August 2010 in Melbourne) was an independent physicist, engineer, philosopher and since 1972 Roman Catholic priest.", "Q90872": "Friedrich Bohl (born March 5, 1945 in Rosdorf, G\u00f6ttingen) is a former German politician. From 1991 to 1998 he was the chief of the Federal Chancellery and Federal Minister for Special Affairs. He was the member of Fourth Kohl cabinet and Fifth Kohl cabinet. He succeeded Rudolf Seiters on 26 November 1991.", "Q138910": "Robert Gigi (1926\u20132007) was a French cartoonist, illustrator and archivist.", "Q109515": "Fritz Walter (August 30, 1896 in Ohrdruf \u2013 April 1, 1977) was a German politician of FDP.", "Q552080": "Gary Keith Starkweather (January 9, 1938 \u2013 December 26, 2019) was an American engineer and inventor most notable for the invention of the laser printer and color management.\nStarkweather received a B.S. in physics from Michigan State University in 1960 and an M.S. in optics from the University of Rochester in 1966. In 1969, Starkweather invented the laser printer at the Xerox Webster Research Center. He collaborated on the first fully functional laser printing system at Xerox PARC in 1971.At Apple Computer in the 1990s, Starkweather invented color management technology, and led the development of Colorsync 1.0. In 1991 he was awarded the David Richardson Medal. Starkweather joined Microsoft Research in 1997, where he worked on display technology.Starkweather also made major contributions to digital matte film techniques. He was a consultant on the digital effects team for the original Star Wars movie (1977). He won a technical Academy Award in 1994 for his pioneering work with Lucasfilm (and later, Pixar) in the field of color film scanning. In 2004, he was elected to the United States National Academy of Engineering. Starkweather died on December 26, 2019 at the age of 81.", "Q63722": "Andr\u00e9 Hennicke (born 21 September 1958) is a German actor. He has appeared in more than one hundred films since 1984.\nHennicke was born in Johanngeorgenstadt in Saxony. He was awarded a German television award for best actor for Something to Remind Me in 2002. He has appeared in the 2004 film Downfall as SS General Wilhelm Mohnke, 2005's Sophie Scholl \u2013 The Final Days as infamous Nazi judge Roland Freisler, and the 2005 docudrama Speer und Er as Nazi leader Rudolf Hess. In 2009, he appeared as one of the primary antagonists in science-fiction thriller Pandorum, portraying the leader of a group of genetically mutated human-hybrids. In 2015 in Buddha's Little Finger plays role of Vasily Chapayev.", "Q130394": "Loda Niemirzanka, real name Leokadia Niemira (23 November 1909 \u2013 14 August 1984) was a Polish film actress. She appeared in fourteen films between 1931 and 1939.", "Q448972": "Barbara Frittoli (born 19 April 1967) is an Italian operatic soprano who has sung leading roles in opera houses throughout Europe and in the United States. She was born in Milan and graduated from the Milan Conservatory. She made her Metropolitan Opera debut in 1995 as Micaela in Carmen and has gone on to sing in over 80 performances there including Donna Elvira in Don Giovanni, Fiordiligi in Cos\u00ec fan tutte, Angelica in Suor Angelica, Desdemona in Otello, the title role in Luisa Miller, Amelia in Simon Boccanegra, Vitellia in La clemenza di Tito, Elisabetta in Don Carlo and Alicia Ford in Falstaff.", "Q1248938": "The Larry Sanders Show is an American television sitcom set in the office and studio of a fictional late-night talk show. The series was created by Garry Shandling and Dennis Klein and aired from August 1992 to May 1998 on the HBO cable television network.\nThe series stars Shandling, Jeffrey Tambor, and Rip Torn and features celebrities playing exaggerated, self-parodying versions of themselves. The show has its roots in Shandling's stand-up comedy background, his experience as a guest host on The Tonight Show and his earlier sitcom It's Garry Shandling's Show. The program has had a marked and long-lasting influence on HBO as well as on television shows in the US and Britain such as Curb Your Enthusiasm, 30 Rock and The Office. The supporting cast includes Janeane Garofalo, Wallace Langham, Penny Johnson, Linda Doucett, Scott Thompson and Jeremy Piven.\nThe show received universal acclaim from critics and is often regarded as an influential and landmark series. It ranked 38 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, the only HBO comedy to make the list, and was also included in Time magazine's list of the \"100 Best TV Shows of All Time\". The show won 24 major awards, including three Primetime Emmy Awards, five CableACE Awards, four American Comedy Awards, two British Comedy Awards, two Peabody Awards, a BAFTA Award and a Satellite Award. It also received 86 nominations, including 56 Primetime Emmy Awards nominations, five Directors Guild of America nominations, six Writers' Guild of America nominations, six American Comedy Awards nominations, three Golden Globe nominations, three Satellite Awards nominations and a GLAAD Award nomination.", "Q705174": "Alfred-Auguste Cuvillier-Fleury (18 March 1802, Paris \u2013 18 October 1887, Paris) was a French historian and literary critic.", "Q466457": "Ho Jong-suk (Korean: \ud5c8\uc815\uc219; Hanja: \u8a31\u8c9e\u6dd1; RR: Heo Jeong-suk; MR: H\u014f Ch\u014fng-suk; July 16, 1908 \u2013 June 5, 1991) was a Korean independence activist, writer, journalist, and communist. Her real name was Jongja (\uc815\uc790; \u8c9e\u5b50).She was a member of Singanhoe, Geunwoohoe and the Communist Party of Korea and also an early Korean women's rights activist.", "Q100257": "Joachim L\u00fctkemann (15 December 1608, Demmin - 18 October 1655, Wolfenb\u00fcttel) was a German Lutheran theologian and writer of devotional literature.", "Q42934": "Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture. Cubism has been considered the most influential art movement of the 20th century. The term is broadly used in association with a wide variety of art produced in Paris (Montmartre and Montparnasse) or near Paris (Puteaux) during the 1910s and throughout the 1920s.\nThe movement was pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, joined by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, and Fernand L\u00e9ger. One primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation of three-dimensional form in the late works of Paul C\u00e9zanne. A retrospective of C\u00e9zanne's paintings had been held at the Salon d'Automne of 1904, current works were displayed at the 1905 and 1906 Salon d'Automne, followed by two commemorative retrospectives after his death in 1907. In Cubist artwork, objects are analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form\u2014instead of depicting objects from a single viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context.In France, offshoots of Cubism developed, including Orphism, Abstract art and later Purism. The impact of Cubism was far-reaching and wide-ranging. In France and other countries Futurism, Suprematism, Dada, Constructivism, Vorticism, De Stijl and Art Deco developed in response to Cubism. Early Futurist paintings hold in common with Cubism the fusing of the past and the present, the representation of different views of the subject pictured at the same time, also called multiple perspective, simultaneity or multiplicity, while Constructivism was influenced by Picasso's technique of constructing sculpture from separate elements. Other common threads between these disparate movements include the faceting or simplification of geometric forms, and the association of mechanization and modern life.", "Q73257": "Andreas, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony (given names: Andreas Michael Friedrich Hans Armin Siegfried Hubertus; born 21 March 1943) has been the head of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha since 1998. He is the grandson of Charles Edward, the last ruling duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.", "Q1071873": "The Chicago blues is a form of blues music developed in Chicago, Illinois. It is based on earlier blues idioms, such as Delta blues, but performed in an urban style.", "Q360269": "Hubert Kiri\u0142 Urba\u0144ski (born March 23, 1966 in Warsaw) is a Polish actor, journalist and presenter of TVN of Bulgarian origin.\nUrba\u0144ski studied at Warsaw XIX lyceum of Warsaw Insurgents (Polish: L.O. im. Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy), and then at the University of Warsaw, where he studied Hindi philosophy. He then began studies at the Aleksander Zelwerowicz State Theatre Academy in Warsaw.\nBetween 1994 and 1995, Urba\u0144ski worked at Radio ZET and then at Radio Kolor, where he worked until 1998. He then worked at Radio Tok FM for a year. He began his television career by hosting the Antena at TVP, and the Piramida (The $25,000 Pyramid) game show on Polsat. Since 1999, he has been working at TVN, hosting various shows including Dla ciebie wszystko and Taniec z Gwiazdami, the reality shows Jestem Jaki Jestem and Wyprawa Robinson, and the game show Milionerzy.\nUrba\u0144ski is the father of four daughters - Marianna, Krystyna, Stefania and Danuta. His father is Polish and his mother is Bulgarian.", "Q724804": "Daniel G. Hedaya (born July 24, 1940) is an American actor. He established himself as a supporting actor, often playing sleazy villains or wisecracking supporting characters. He has had major supporting roles in films like True Confessions (1981), The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension, Tightrope, Blood Simple (all 1984), Commando (1985), Wise Guys (1986), Joe Versus the Volcano (1990), The Addams Family (1991), Rookie of the Year (1993), Boiling Point (1993), Clueless (1995), The First Wives Club, Daylight, Marvin's Room (all 1996), Alien Resurrection (1997), A Civil Action, A Night at the Roxbury (both 1998), The Hurricane, Dick (both 1999), Shaft, The Crew (both 2000), Swimfan (2002), Robots, and Strangers with Candy (both 2005).", "Q98590": "Franz Josef Heinz, known as Heinz-Orbis, (25 February 1884 - 9 January 1924) was a Palatine separatist who briefly led the government of the \"Autonomous Palatinate\" during the French occupation of the Rhineland. He was assassinated by German nationalists in 1924.\nHeinz came from the town of Orbis in Northern Palatinate, later using the town as part of his name. He was a farmer and became a leader of the free peasantry and the founder of the Palatine Corps.\nIn the aftermath of World War I, France occupied the Rhineland. Along with some other members of the liberal German People's Party (DVP), Heinz saw this as an opportunity to reject the Prussian militarist state. In 1920 he became a member of the Palatine district council, arguing for greater autonomy in the area.\nBy 1923 a separatist movement for a Rhenish Republic in the occupied Rhineland territory had developed, encouraged by the French. In August 1923 a republic was proclaimed under Josef Friedrich Matthes of the Rhenish Independence League. In November Heinz proclaimed the \"Government of the Autonomous Palatinate in the Association of the Rhenish Republic\", based in Speyer. The aim was to create an independent state, adjoining France. The new government adopted a currency based on the French franc, which it promised would deal with the problem of the current hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic.With the approval of the Bavarian government, a detachment of the Viking League, enemies of the separatists, under the command of Edgar Julius Jung planned to assassinate Heinz. After part of his farm in Orbis was set on fire, Heinz predicted that an attempt would be made to murder him. On 9 January 1924 Jung's troop of around twenty nationalists forced their way into the dining room of the Speyer Wittelsbacher Hof hotel and shot Heinz dead. In the shoot-out, one of his staff and another hotel guest were also killed, along with two assassins. The deaths signalled the end of the independence movement. Clashes between nationalists and separatists followed, leading to a number of other deaths, notably in Pirmasens where 12 separatists trapped in a building were burned out and then massacred.A monument was later put up in the Speyer cemetery to the two murderers who died in the shoot-out after the assassination.", "Q2895603": "Benjamin \"Ben\" Weider, (February 1, 1923 \u2013 October 17, 2008) was the co-founder of the International Federation of BodyBuilding & Fitness (IFBB) along with brother Joe Weider. He was a Canadian businessman from Montreal, well known in two areas: Bodybuilding and Napoleonic history.", "Q3133593": "Laurene Powell Jobs (born November 9, 1963) is an American businesswoman, executive and the founder of Emerson Collective, a social impact organization that, among other investing and philanthropic activities, advocates for policies concerning education and immigration reform, social justice and environmental conservation. She is also co-founder and president of the board of College Track, which prepares disadvantaged high school students for college. Powell Jobs resides in Palo Alto, California, with her three children. She is the widow and heir of Steve Jobs, co-founder and former CEO of Apple Inc. She manages the Laurene Powell Jobs Trust.", "Q320895": "Geddy Lee Weinrib, (born Gary Lee Weinrib; July 29, 1953), known professionally as Geddy Lee, is a Canadian musician, singer, and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist, bassist, and keyboardist for the Canadian rock group Rush. Lee joined what would become Rush in September 1968, at the request of his childhood friend Alex Lifeson, replacing original bassist and frontman Jeff Jones. Lee's first and so far only solo effort, My Favourite Headache, was released in 2000.\nAn award-winning musician, Lee's style, technique, and skill on the bass guitar have inspired many rock musicians such as Cliff Burton of Metallica, Steve Harris of Iron Maiden, John Myung of Dream Theater, Les Claypool of Primus, and Tim Commerford of Rage Against the Machine and Audioslave. Along with his Rush bandmates \u2013 guitarist Alex Lifeson and drummer Neil Peart \u2013 Lee was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on May 9, 1996. The trio was the first rock band to be so honoured, as a group. In 2013, the group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame after 14 years of eligibility; they were nominated overwhelmingly in the Hall's first selection via fan ballot. Lee is ranked 13th by Hit Parader on their list of the 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Vocalists of All Time.", "Q522201": "Mickey Hart (born Michael Steven Hartman, September 11, 1943) is an American percussionist and musicologist. He is best known as one of the two drummers of the rock band Grateful Dead. He was a member of the Grateful Dead from September 1967 until February 1971, and again from October 1974 until their final show in August 1995. He and fellow Dead drummer Bill Kreutzmann earned the nickname \"the rhythm devils\".\n\n", "Q126290": "Ioseb Iremashvili (Georgian: \u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, German: Iosseb Iremaschwili), Russian: \u0418\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444 \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0418\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438, 1878\u20131944) was a Georgian politician and author. A boyhood friend, and later political adversary, of Joseph Stalin, he is primarily known for his book Stalin und die Trag\u00f6die Georgiens (\"Stalin and the Tragedy of Georgia', Berlin, 1932), the first memoir of Stalin's childhood.", "Q33673": "Kannada (; \u0c95\u0ca8\u0ccd\u0ca8\u0ca1, [\u02c8k\u0250nn\u0250\u0256a\u02d0]), also known as Kanarese, is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by people of Karnataka in southwestern India, and by significant linguistic minorities in the states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Kerala and abroad. The language has roughly 44 million native speakers, who are called Kannadigas. Kannada is also spoken as a second and third language by over 12.9 million non-Kannada speakers in Karnataka, which adds up to 56 million speakers. It is one of the scheduled languages of India and the official and administrative language of the state of Karnataka.. Kannada holds the distinction of being court language of some of the most powerful empires of South and Central India such as the Chalukya dynasty, the Rashtrakuta dynasty, the Vijayanagara Empire and the Hoysala Empire.\nThe Kannada language is written using the Kannada script, which evolved from the 5th-century Kadamba script. Kannada is attested epigraphically for about one and a half millennia, and literary Old Kannada flourished in the 6th-century Ganga dynasty and during the 9th-century Rashtrakuta Dynasty. Kannada has an unbroken literary history of over a thousand years. Kannada literature has been presented with 8 Jnanapith awards, the most for any Dravidian language and the second highest for any Indian language.Based on the recommendations of the Committee of Linguistic Experts, appointed by the ministry of culture, the government of India designated Kannada a classical language of India. In July 2011, a center for the study of classical Kannada was established as part of the Central Institute of Indian Languages at Mysore to facilitate research related to the language..", "Q116353": "Pierre C\u00e9r\u00e9sole (17 August 1879 \u2013 23 October 1945) was a Swiss engineer, known primarily as the founder of the Service Civil International (SCI) or the International Voluntary Service for Peace (IVSP), in 1920, an organisation that helped in reconstruction after the First World War with the goal of achieving an atmosphere of brotherhood. As a pacifist, he had refused to pay taxes that were used for the acquisition of arms and refused to accept money from his inheritance. He spent many hours in prison.\nC\u00e9r\u00e9sole had been inspired by American thinker William James. C\u00e9r\u00e9sole in turn inspired Kees Boeke.", "Q12865": "Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut, space explorer, fighter pilot. The Hungarians were the seventh nation to be represented in the space by him. Following him, the Hungarian-American K\u00e1roly Simonyi (Charles Simonyi) was the second Hungarian cosmonaut, the only one in the world, who was twice in the space as space tourist who paid himself for the spaceflights. The next Hungarian astronaut will travel to the International Space Station by 2025. He is the first Esperantist cosmonnaut too. He is currently the president of Airlines Service and Trade.", "Q338002": "The Inglorious Bastards (Italian: Quel maledetto treno blindato, literally: \"That damned armored train\") is a 1978 Italian action/war film directed by Enzo G. Castellari, written by Sandro Continenza, Sergio Grieco, Franco Marotta, Romano Migliorini, and Laura Toscano, and starring Bo Svenson, Peter Hooten, Fred Williamson, Michael Pergolani, and Jackie Basehart. The film score was written by Francesco De Masi. The film, which concerns a group of prisoners who are drafted into a special war mission in 1944, is a loose remake of the 1967 American film The Dirty Dozen.\nThe film attracted critics' attention again after Quentin Tarantino used the title as the inspiration for the title of his 2009 film Inglourious Basterds. The Tarantino film is not a remake of The Inglorious Bastards, but contains a few references to it, including the appearance of actor Bo Svenson as an American colonel.", "Q600018": "The Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g), sometimes referred to as the Regency or the Horthy era, existed as a country from 1920 to 1946 under the rule of Regent Mikl\u00f3s Horthy. Horthy officially represented the Hungarian monarchy of Charles IV, Apostolic King of Hungary. Attempts by Charles IV to return to the throne were prevented by threats of war from neighbouring countries and by the lack of support from Horthy. Charles died in 1922, leaving the throne empty for the remainder of the country's time as a kingdom.\nHungary under Horthy was characterized by its conservative, nationalist and fiercely anti-communist character. The regency was based on an unstable alliance of conservatives and right-wingers. Foreign policy was characterized by revisionism - the total or partial revision of the Treaty of Trianon, which had seen Hungary lose over 70% of its territory along with over three million Hungarians, who mostly lived in the border territories outside the new borders of the kingdom. Hungary's interwar politics were dominated with an obsession of the territorial losses suffered in this treaty.\nGermany's influence in Hungary has led some historians to consider that the country increasingly became a client state of Germany after 1938. The Kingdom of Hungary was an Axis Power during World War II and focused to regain Hungarian majority territory which had been lost in the Treaty of Trianon, achieving this goal in early 1941. By 1944, following heavy setbacks for the Axis, Horthy's government negotiated secretly with the Allies, and also considered leaving the war. Because of this Hungary was occupied by Germany and Horthy was deposed. The extremist Arrow Cross Party's leader Ferenc Sz\u00e1lasi established a new Nazi-backed government, effectively turning Hungary into a German-occupied puppet state.\nAfter World War II, Hungary fell within the Soviet Union's sphere of influence. It changed name to the Hungarian State (Hungarian: Magyar \u00c1llam) and the Second Hungarian Republic was soon thereafter established in 1946. In 1949, the communist Hungarian People's Republic was founded.", "Q190644": "The Central Committee of German Catholics (German: Zentralkomitee der deutschen Katholiken, ZdK) is lay body comprising representatives of various Catholic organisations in Germany. They organise the Catholic Days in Germany. The organisation is headquartered in Bonn.\nIts predecessor, the Catholic Society of Germany (German: Katholische Verein Deutschlands), was founded in 1848 by Charles, 6th Prince of L\u00f6wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, who served as its first President. In 1952, it was renamed the Central Committee of German Catholics. In 2000 a conservative organizaton, the Forum of German Catholics, was founded in opposition to the committee.\nIn May 2015 the Central Committee of German Catholics voted in favour of blessing of same-sex unions in Christian churches.", "Q181991": "Julian Miles \"Jools\" Holland, OBE, DL (born 24 January 1958) is an English pianist, bandleader, singer, composer and television presenter. He was an original member of the band Squeeze and his work has involved him with many artists including Sting, Eric Clapton, Mark Knopfler, George Harrison, David Gilmour, Magazine, The The and Bono.\nSince 1992, he has hosted Later... with Jools Holland, a music-based show aired on BBC2, on which his annual show Hootenanny is based. Holland is a published author and appears on television shows besides his own and contributes to radio shows. In 2004, he collaborated with Tom Jones on an album of traditional R&B music.\nHolland also regularly hosts the weekly programme Jools Holland on BBC Radio 2, which is a mix of live and recorded music and general chat and features studio guests, along with members of his orchestra.\n\n", "Q102326": "Matthias Keller (born 1956 in Bremen) is a German composer, music critic, organist, conductor, and radio producer. For many years he has been a juror for the Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik. He has been commissioned to compose or arrange works for the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra, the Capella Istropolitana, the Dallas Chamber Orchestra, the Munich Symphony Orchestra, the Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie, and the Polish Chamber Philharmonic among others. He notably composed the music for the closing ceremonies of the 2006 FIFA World Cup which was performed simultaneously by the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra, the Bavarian State Orchestra and the Bavarian Radio Orchestra with conductors Christian Thielemann, Zubin Mehta, and Mariss Jansons, and solosits Diana Damrau, Pl\u00e1cido Domingo and Lang Lang.\nKeller received his musical education at the Osnabr\u00fcck Conservatory and at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater M\u00fcnchen where his chief areas of interest were the organ, music education, and church music. In 1974 he released his first solo album as an organist. He has also made several recordings with flutist Ulrich Herkenhoff on the Thorofon, Koch/Universal, and Oehms Classics labels. He has worked actively as a church organist/choirmaster throughout his career.\nAs a writer, Keller has written musical criticism for Fono Forum, Klassik Heute, Opernwelt, \"DU\", and Sueddeutsche Zeitung among other publications. Since 2004 he has served as the editor/producer of Bayern 4 Klassik. He is the author of the music encyclopedia Komponisten der Gegenwart and several books related to film score composition and film score composers. He has worked extensively as a writer and producer for various radio stations in Germany, including the Bayerischer Rundfunk and the Hessischer Rundfunk.", "Q172819": "Colin Charles Houghton Davis (29 July 1933 \u2013 19 December 2012) was a British racing driver from England, who won the 1964 Targa Florio.", "Q41583": "In sports, a coach is a person involved in the direction, instruction and training of the operations of a sports team or of individual sportspeople. A coach may also be a teacher.", "Q443199": "Isaak Izrailevich Brodsky (Russian: \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0430\u043a \u0418\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; Ukrainian: \u0406\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043a \u0406\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439, 6 January 1884 [O.S. 25 December 1883] \u2013 14 August 1939) was a Soviet-Jewish painter whose work provided a blueprint for the art movement of socialist realism. He is known for his iconic portrayals of Lenin and idealized, carefully crafted paintings dedicated to the events of the Russian Civil War and Bolshevik Revolution.", "Q27606": "Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447; 13 June 1860 \u2013 28 January 1919) was a son of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich and a first cousin of Alexander III of Russia. He followed a military career. Although he never played any political role, as a relative of Tsar Nicholas II, he was executed by firing squad at the walls of Peter and Paul Fortress during the Russian Civil War.", "Q70986": "Li Ao (Chinese: \u674e\u6556; pinyin: L\u01d0 \u00c1o, also spelled Lee Ao; 25 April 1935 \u2013 18 March 2018) was a Chinese-Taiwanese writer, social commentator, historian, and independent politician.\nLi has been called one of the most important modern East Asian essayists today; his critics have called him as an intellectual narcissist. He was a vocal critic of both the main political parties in Taiwan today, the Kuomintang and the Democratic Progressive Party. Although he favored reunification with the People's Republic of China (PRC), especially under the \"One country, two systems\" policy, Li rejected being labeled \"Pan-Blue\" because of his opposition to the Kuomintang. He was an advocate of Chinese nationalism and was given much media exposure in Taiwan due to his popularity as a writer.", "Q249189": "Irving Moskowitz (January 11, 1928 \u2013 June 16, 2016) was an American physician, businessman, and philanthropist. His philanthropy, in part, sought to create a Jewish majority in Palestinian Arab neighborhoods of East Jerusalem by purchasing land.", "Q77031": "Wolfgang Rihm (born 13 March 1952) is a German composer and academic teacher. He is musical director of the Institute of New Music and Media at the University of Music Karlsruhe and has been composer in residence at the Lucerne Festival and the Salzburg Festival. He was honoured as Officier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2001. His musical work includes more than 500 works. In 2012, The Guardian wrote: \"enormous output and bewildering variety of styles and sounds\".", "Q268147": "Mary Therese McCarthy (June 21, 1912 \u2013 October 25, 1989) was an American novelist, critic and political activist.", "Q304923": "Vampyr (German: Vampyr \u2013 Der Traum des Allan Gray, lit. 'Vampyr: The Dream of Allan Gray') is a 1932 horror film directed by Danish director Carl Theodor Dreyer. The film was written by Dreyer and Christen Jul based on elements from J. Sheridan Le Fanu's collection of supernatural stories In a Glass Darkly. Vampyr was funded by Nicolas de Gunzburg who starred in the film under the name of Julian West among a mostly non-professional cast. Gunzburg plays the role of Allan Gray, a student of the occult who enters the village of Courtempierre, which is under the curse of a vampire.\nVampyr was challenging for Dreyer to make as it was his first sound film and was required to be recorded in three languages. To overcome this, very little dialogue was used in the film and much of the story is told with silent film-styled title cards. The film was shot entirely on location and to enhance the atmospheric content, Dreyer opted for a washed out, soft focus photographic technique. The soundtrack was created in Berlin where the character's voices, sound effects, and score were recorded.\nVampyr had a delayed release in Germany and opened to a generally negative reception from audiences and critics. Dreyer edited the film after its German premiere and it opened to more mixed opinions at its French debut. The film was long considered a low point in Dreyer's career, but modern critical reception to the film has become much more favorable with critics praising the film's disorienting visual effects and atmosphere.", "Q68111": "Chiasso (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8kjasso]; Lombard: Ciass [\u02c8t\u0283as]) is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nAs the southernmost of Switzerland's municipalities, Chiasso is located at the border with Italy, in front of Ponte Chiasso (a Frazione of Como, Italy). The municipality of Chiasso includes the villages of Boffalora, Pedrinate and Seseglio.\nIn 2007, the three mayors of Chiasso, Vacallo and Morbio Inferiore decided to unite into one commune. The new united commune with a population of approximately 15,300 people over a territory of 9.2 km\u00b2, was rejected by the population in November 2007.", "Q152511": "Edoardo \"Eddie\" Fenech Adami, (born 7 February 1934) is a Maltese politician and Nationalist politician who served as Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996, and again from 1998 until 2004. Subsequently, he was the seventh President of Malta from 2004 to 2009. He led his party to win five general elections, in 1981, 1987, 1992, 1998 and 2003. Staunchly pro-European, Fenech Adami is the longest serving Maltese prime minister since Malta's independence, and was fundamental for Malta's accession to the European Union.Originally a lawyer, Fenech Adami was co-opted Member of Parliament (MP) in 1969. He served in a number of senior party positions, including president of the Administrative and General Councils, and was elected to succeed Dr Giorgio Bor\u0121 Olivier as party leader. From April 1977 onwards, Fenech Adami led the Nationalist opposition in a campaign of civil disobedience against the Mintoff and Mifsud Bonnici administrations of the late seventies and eighties, focusing on a message of respect for democratic principles and human rights.Upon moving into Auberge de Castille in 1987, Fenech Adami began a policy of national reconciliation, initiating a series of political and economic reforms intended to open up the economy, reverse high unemployment and the islands' problems following sixteen years of socialist policies. His political ideology and economic policies highlighted deregulation, more flexible labour markets, the overhaul of the country's physical infrastructure and the privatisation of state-owned companies. The legal and business structures were also overhauled and trade liberalised. The communications, financial services and banking sectors were deregulated or privatised. Malta also began a period of integration with the EU, formally applying for membership in 1990.Fenech Adami was re-elected with a modest majority in 1992; his popularity, however, wavered during his second term of office amid further economic reforms, particularly the introduction of VAT, and the re-branding of the main opposition party with a new and more dynamic leader, Alfred Sant. Losing power in 1996, Fenech Adami was returned as prime minister within twenty-two months, after the Labour government's decision to call a snap election backfired. Reversing the unpopular economic policies of the Labour Party, Fenech Adami reactivated Malta's EU membership application and initiated further economic reforms.He successfully led the pro-EU movement in the 2003 EU membership referendum campaign and won the successive election. He signed Malta's Accession Treaty with the European Union and represented Malta in various EU Summits and Commonwealth meetings. Fenech Adami resigned as Leader of the Nationalist Party in February 2004, resigning his premiership and giving up his parliamentary seat in March 2004. He became the seventh President of Malta in April 2004.", "Q438503": "Alternative hip hop (also known as alternative rap) is a subgenre of hip hop music that encompasses the wide range of styles that are not typically identified as mainstream. AllMusic defines it as follows: \"Alternative rap refers to hip hop groups that refuse to conform to any of the traditional stereotypes of rap, such as gangsta, bass, hardcore, pop, and party rap. Instead, they blur genres drawing equally from funk and pop/rock, as well as jazz, soul, reggae, and even folk.\"Alternative hip hop developed in the late 1980s and experienced a degree of mainstream recognition during the early-to-mid 1990s. While some groups such as Arrested Development and The Fugees managed to achieve commercial success before breaking up, most alternative rap acts tended to be embraced largely by alternative rock listeners rather than hip-hop or pop audiences. The commercial and cultural momentum was impeded by the then also emerging, significantly harder-edged West Coast gangsta rap. A resurgence came about in the late 1990s and early 2000s at the dawn of the digital era with rejuvenated interest in independent music by the general public.\nDuring the 2000s, alternative hip hop reattained its place within the mainstream, due to the declining commercial viability of gangsta rap as well as the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. The alternative hip hop movement has expanded beyond the United States to include the Somali-Canadian poet K'naan, Japanese rapper Shing02, and English artist M.I.A. Alternative hip hop acts have attained much critical acclaim, but receive relatively little exposure through radio and other media outlets.", "Q138086": "Ambush is a 1950 western film directed by Sam Wood and starring Robert Taylor, John Hodiak and Arlene Dahl. The plot is based on the serial story Ambush by Luke Short in The Saturday Evening Post (25 Dec 1948\u201312 Feb 1949). It is also the first MGM film in the 1950s'.\nThe movie was filmed on location at the Corriganville Ranch in Simi Valley, California, home of hundreds of western movies and television shows through the decades as well as such outdoor action films as The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) and Jungle Jim (1948). Additional location work for the film took place in and around Gallup, New Mexico.", "Q185507": "Heartbreakers is a 2001 American caper-romantic comedy film directed by David Mirkin. It stars Sigourney Weaver, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Ray Liotta, Jason Lee, and Gene Hackman. Weaver was nominated for a Golden Satellite Award for her performance in the film. The plot revolves around an elaborate con set up by a mother-daughter team to swindle wealthy men out of their money, and what happens during their \"last\" con together.\nThis film is written by Robert Dunn, Paul Guay and Stephen Mazur. It was the third collaboration by Guay and Mazur, whose previous comedies were The Little Rascals and Liar Liar.\n\n", "Q977845": "Eddie Santiago (birth name: Eduardo Santiago Rodr\u00edguez ) (born August 18, 1955) is a salsa singer from Puerto Rico.", "Q580850": "A techno-thriller or technothriller is a hybrid genre drawing from science fiction, thrillers, spy fiction, action, and war novels. They include a disproportionate amount (relative to other genres) of technical details on their subject matter (typically military technology); only hard science fiction tends towards a comparable level of supporting detail on the technical side. The inner workings of technology and the mechanics of various disciplines (espionage, martial arts, politics) are thoroughly explored, and the plot often turns on the particulars of that exploration. This genre began to exist and establish itself in the early 20th century with further developments and focus on the genre in the mid 20th century.", "Q329127": "American Pie 2 is a 2001 American sex comedy film directed by James B. Rogers and written by Adam Herz and David H. Steinberg from a story by Herz. A sequel to the 1999 comedy film American Pie, it the second film in the American Pie series and stars Jason Biggs, Shannon Elizabeth, Alyson Hannigan, Chris Klein, Natasha Lyonne, Thomas Ian Nicholas, Tara Reid, Seann William Scott, Mena Suvari, Eddie Kaye Thomas, and Eugene Levy. The film follows the sexual exploits of five friends\u2014Jim Levenstein, Kevin Myers, Steve Stifler, Oz Ostreicher, and Paul Finch\u2014and their attempts to have the greatest summer party ever, at a summer beach house in Grand Haven, Michigan.\nAmerican Pie 2 was released in the United States on August 10, 2001, and grossed over $145 million in the US and $142 million overseas on a budget of $30 million, making it highest-grossing film in the franchise at just under $288 million worldwide. The film was followed by American Wedding.", "Q128295": "Abilene ( AB-i-leen) is a city in Taylor and Jones counties in Texas, United States. The population was 117,063 at the 2010 census, making it the 27th-most populous city in the state of Texas. It is the principal city of the Abilene Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a 2017 estimated population of 170,219. It is the county seat of Taylor County. Dyess Air Force Base is located on the west side of the city.\nAbilene is located off Interstate 20, between exits 279 on its western edge and 292 on the east. Abilene is 150 miles (240 km) west of Fort Worth. The city is looped by I-20 to the north, US 83/84 on the west, and Loop 322 to the east. A railroad divides the city down the center into north and south. The historic downtown area is on the north side of the railroad.", "Q96595": "Karl Gustav Homeyer (13 August 1795 \u2013 20 October 1874) was a German jurist.", "Q2079957": "William I (Willem Frederik, Prince of Orange-Nassau; 24 August 1772 \u2013 12 December 1843) was a Prince of Orange and the first King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg.\nHe was the ruler of the Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda from 1803 until 1806 and of the Principality of Orange-Nassau in the year 1806 and from 1813 until 1815. In 1813 he proclaimed himself Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands. He proclaimed himself King of the Netherlands and Duke of Luxembourg on 16 March 1815. In the same year on 9 June William I became also the Grand Duke of Luxembourg and after 1839 he was furthermore the Duke of Limburg. After his abdication in 1840 he styled himself King William Frederick, Count of Nassau.", "Q158772": "Vincent Jules Auriol (French pronunciation: \u200b[v\u025b\u0303s\u0251\u0303 o\u0281j\u0254l]; 27 August 1884 \u2013 1 January 1966) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1947 to 1954.", "Q460768": "David William Charlton (27 October 1936 \u2013 24 February 2013) was a racing driver from South Africa.Charlton was born in Brotton, Yorkshire. He participated in 13 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 1 January 1965. He scored no championship points. He competed in many non-World Championship Formula One races, winning the South African Formula One Championship six times in succession from 1970 to 1975.Charlton died in Johannesburg, South Africa on 24 February 2013, aged 76.", "Q6780492": "Mary Pat Gleason (born February 23, 1950) is an American film and television actress and an Emmy Award winning writer. From 1983\u201385, she appeared on The Guiding Light as Jane Hogan.\nDuring her high school years in St. Paul, Minnesota, Mary Pat starred in a Theater St. Paul production of Once Upon a Mattress and received rave reviews.\nSince the early 1980s she has appeared on such television series as Full House, Dear John, Murphy Brown, Empty Nest, L.A. Law, Saved by the Bell, Murder, She Wrote, Friends, Step by Step, Suddenly Susan, Will & Grace, Sex and the City, Desperate Housewives, Family Matters, NCIS: Los Angeles, The Middleman, Up All Night, 1600 Penn, Motive, Baby Daddy, Grey's Anatomy, Partners, Mama's Family, 2 Broke Girls and Mom.She has appeared in such feature films as I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry, Basic Instinct, Traffic, Bruce Almighty, 13 Going on 30, The Crucible, Bottle Shock, A Cinderella Story, The Island, Killing Kennedy and Nina.She also stars as Professor Foxtrot in the web show WTF 101 (on CollegeHumors Dropout platform)", "Q101607": "Herbert H\u00fcbner (6 February 1889 \u2013 27 January 1972) was a German film actor. He appeared in more than 150 films between 1921 and 1966. He was born in Breslau, Germany (now Wroc\u0142aw, Poland) and died in Munich, Germany.", "Q713058": "Hsiao Huang-chi (Chinese: \u856d\u714c\u5947; Hanyu Pinyin: Xi\u0101o Hu\u00e1ngq\u00ed; Tongyong Pinyin: Hsi\u0101o hu\u00e1ng ch\u00ed; Pe\u030dh-\u014de-j\u012b: Siau H\u00f4ng-k\u00ee; born 22 September 1976) is a Taiwanese singer, songwriter and former judoka (2nd dan black belt). He represented Taiwan in FESPIC Games in Beijing in 1994, where he won the bronze title and placed seventh at the 1996 Atlanta Paralympics. Hsiao gained attention in the Hokkien pop scene after winning the Best Male Vocalist \u2013 Taiwanese award at the 19th Golden Melody Awards in 2008.\nHsiao had congenital cataracts which led him to his blindness at birth, which was partially cured by surgery when he was 4. However his vision gradually deteriorated, and he completely lost his eyesight at age 15, it was revealed to be during a pickup game of basketball in high school before he attempted to box out for a rebound.\nHsiao had also gained a license to practice as a therapeutic masseur in high school. In 2012, he opened a massage clinic in Taipei, that employs blind and deaf people.\n\n", "Q275658": "Wade Andrew Williams (born December 24, 1961) is an American actor. He is known for his various character roles, and for his starring role as Brad Bellick on the Fox television series Prison Break.\n\n", "Q139398": "Longueuil (French: [l\u0254\u0303\u0261\u0153j]) is a city in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is the seat of the Mont\u00e9r\u00e9gie administrative region and the central city of the urban agglomeration of Longueuil. It sits on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River directly across from Montreal. The population as of the Canada 2016 Census totalled 239,700, making it Montreal's second largest suburb, the fifth most populous city in Quebec and twentieth largest in Canada.\nCharles Le Moyne founded Longueuil as a seigneurie in 1657. It would become a parish in 1845, a village in 1848, a town in 1874 and a city in 1920. Between 1961 and 2002, Longueuil's borders grew three times, as it was amalgamated with surrounding municipalities; there was a strong de-amalgamation in 2006 (see 2000\u20132006 municipal reorganization in Quebec).\nLongueuil is a residential, commercial and industrial city. It incorporates some urban features, but is essentially a suburb. Longueuil can be classified as a commuter town as a large portion of its residents commute to work in Montreal. Most buildings are single-family homes constructed in the post-war period. The city consists of three boroughs: Le Vieux-Longueuil, Saint-Hubert and Greenfield Park.\nLongueuil is the seat of the judicial district of Longueuil. Residents of the city are called Longueuillois.\n\n", "Q230304": "To Hell and Back is a Technicolor and CinemaScope war film released in 1955. It was directed by Jesse Hibbs and stars Audie Murphy as himself. It is based on the 1949 autobiography of the same name and is an account of Murphy's World War II experiences as a soldier in the U.S. Army. The book was ghostwritten by his friend, David \"Spec\" McClure, who served in the U.S. Army's Signal Corps during World War II.", "Q756504": "Atlantik-Br\u00fccke (German: [at\u02c8lant\u026ak\u02ccb\u0281\u028fk\u0259], Atlantic Bridge) is the leading private non-profit association to promote German-American understanding and Atlanticism. Founded in Hamburg in 1952, it was located in Bonn between 1983 and 1999 and is now located in Berlin.\nThe association organizes invitation-only conferences, seminars and colloquia. Through various programs for \"Young Leaders\", military officers, journalists, and students, Atlantik-Br\u00fccke fosters social networks among current and future leaders in business and world affairs. Atlantik-Br\u00fccke also awards prizes in honor of Vernon A. Walters and Eric M. Warburg.", "Q974394": "The \u00c9cole Navale is the French naval academy, in charge of the education of the officers of the French Navy. They are educated at the academy for responsibilities onboard surface ships and submarines, in French Naval Aviation, with the fusiliers marins and commandos, and on the general staff.\nThe \u00c9cole Navale and its research institute (IRENAV) are in Lanv\u00e9oc-Poulmic, south of the roadstead of Brest.", "Q66114": "Uetendorf is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nIt is situated close to the city of Thun, and connected to traffic through the A8 motorway and the BLS AG's Thun-Belp-Bern railway line. Due to its favourable geographic situation, it is home to several small to medium-sized industry companies, most notably the \"Sarner Cristal\" Glass Hut.", "Q79034": "Ernst von Hesse-Wartegg (21 February 1851, in or near Vienna, Austria \u2013 17 May 1918, Tribschen, near Lucerne, Switzerland) was an Austrian \u2013 American writer and traveller. He was consul of Venezuela in Switzerland (1888\u20131918). He completed 29 books and close to 700 journal articles.", "Q76307": "Adrienne Thomas was the pseudonym of Hertha A. Deutsch, nee Strauch (1897\u20131980), a German autobiographical novelist.", "Q94382": "Karl-Maria Kertbeny or K\u00e1roly M\u00e1ria Kertbeny (born Karl-Maria Benkert) (Vienna, February 28, 1824 \u2013 Budapest, January 23, 1882) was an Austrian-born Hungarian journalist, memoirist, and human rights campaigner. He is best known for coining the words heterosexual and homosexual.The Benkert family moved to Budapest when he was a child\u2014he was equally at home in Austria, Germany and Hungary. Hungarian writer and literary historian Lajos Hatvany has described him in these terms: \"This moody, fluttering, imperfect writer is one of the best and undeservedly forgotten Hungarian memoir writers.\" He translated Hungarian poets' and writers' works into German, e.g., those of S\u00e1ndor Pet\u0151fi, J\u00e1nos Arany and M\u00f3r J\u00f3kai. Among his acquaintances were Heinrich Heine, George Sand, Alfred de Musset, Hans Christian Andersen, and the Brothers Grimm.", "Q219796": "Zombie Strippers is a 2008 American zombie comedy film shot, edited, written, and directed by Jay Lee. The film, starring Robert Englund, Jenna Jameson, Penny Drake, and Roxy Saint, was distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.\n\n", "Q332261": "Absentia is a 2011 American independent supernatural horror film written, edited and directed by Mike Flanagan and produced by FallBack Plan Productions. The film's principal photography phase was funded by way of the film's project page on crowdfunding website Kickstarter. Courtney Bell stars as a pregnant woman whose missing husband briefly reappears after an unexplained seven-year absence.", "Q29603": "Pretty Things (French: Les Jolies Choses) is a 2001 French drama film directed by Gilles Paquet-Brenner and based on Virginie Despentes's 1998 novel Les Jolies Choses. It won the Prix Michel d'Ornano at the 2001 Deauville American Film Festival.In the film, Marion Cotillard portrays twins of completely opposite characters, Lucie and Marie. She was nominated for a C\u00e9sar Award for Most Promising Actress for her performance.", "Q70776": "Duchess Therese Mathilde Amalie of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (German: Herzogin Therese Mathilde Amalie zu Mecklenburg-Strelitz; 5 April 1773 \u2013 12 February 1839) was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and a Duchess of Mecklenburg. Through her marriage to Karl Alexander, 5th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, Therese was also a member of the House of Thurn and Taxis.", "Q260533": "Gigli ( JEE-lee) is a 2003 American comedy film written and directed by Martin Brest and starring Ben Affleck, Jennifer Lopez, Justin Bartha, Al Pacino, Christopher Walken, and Lainie Kazan.\nPopular media gave attention and interest to the film during production, primarily because Affleck and Lopez, the film's stars, were romantically involved at the time. After release, however, critical reaction was universally negative, and in the years since its release Gigli has been considered one of the worst films of all time. The film was also one of the most expensive box office bombs in history, grossing $7.2 million against a $75.6 million budget. As of 2020, it is the last film Brest has directed, making it his longest hiatus between projects.", "Q602627": "Antonio Jos\u00e9 de Irisarri Alonso (American Spanish: [\u00e3n\u02c8tonjo xo\u02c8se \u00f0e i\u027ei\u02c8sari]; February 7, 1786 \u2013 June 10, 1868), was a Guatemalan statesman, journalist, and politician who served as Interim Supreme Director of Chile in 1814. He is considered one of the fathers of Chilean journalism together with Fr. Camilo Henr\u00edquez.\nIrisarri was born in Guatemala City, the son of Juan Bautista de Irisarri and of Mar\u00eda de la Paz Alonso. He studied in his native city and in Europe, from whence he was recalled back to his home after the death of his father in 1805. In 1809 he visited Chile, and having married Mercedes Truc\u00edos y Larra\u00edn, an heiress there, took up his residence in that country and joined with enthusiasm the movement for independence in 1810. He had charge of important public offices during the struggle for liberty, including the command of the National guard and the civil and military government of the province of Santiago, and from March 7 to 14, 1814, he was temporarily in charge of the supreme direction of the nation. \nIn 1818 he was appointed Minister of Government and Foreign Affairs by Bernardo O'Higgins, and in October of the same year he went to Buenos Aires as minister. At the end of 1819 he was sent to Europe to negotiate the recognition of Chilean Independence by England and France (which he was not able to obtain.) While at London he negotiated a loan of \u00a31,000,000 (the first foreign debt of Chile.) He was sent to Central America in 1827 as minister for Chile, and in 1837 as plenipotentiary to Peru and private adviser to Admiral Manuel Blanco during the War of the Confederation. After the Chilean army was forced to sign the Treaty of Paucarpata on November 17, 1837, the scandal was gigantic. Irisarri refused to return to Chile, was tried in absentia for high treason, and sentence to death. Irisarri wisely never returned to Chile.\nHe was minister of Guatemala and Salvador to Ecuador from 1839 till 1845, and in 1846-1848 to Colombia, but resigned, and went to Cura\u00e7ao in 1849, and in 1850 to the United States, where he resided till his death. The governments of Guatemala and Salvador appointed him, in 1855, their minister to Washington, and for a long time he was dean of the diplomatic corps. Irisarri continued his literary work in the United States, and was generally esteemed for his knowledge, genial character, and polished manners. \nIrisarri was chief editor of the Semanario Republicano de Chile in Santiago in 1813; of El Duende in the same city in 1818; of El Censor Americano in London in 1820; of El Guatemalteco in Guatemala in 1828; of \"La Verdad desnuda,\" \"La Balanza,\" and \"El Correo\" in Guayaquil in 1839-1843; of \"La Concordia\" in Quito in 1844-1845; of\" Nosotros,\" \"Orden y Libertad,\" and \"El Cristiano Errante\" in Bogota in 1846-1847; and of \"El Revisor\" in Cura\u00e7ao in 1849, the publication of which he continued in New York. He also published \"La defensa de la historia critica del asesinato cometido en la persona del Gran Mariseal de Ayacucho\" (Quito, 1845); \"Memoria biografica del Arzobispo Mosquera\" (Bogota, 1848); a collection of his satirical poems, a novel, \"Cuestiones Filologicas,\" and several pamphlets. He died in Brooklyn, New York, on June 10, 1868.\nIn 1973 Guatemala honoured him with the institution of an \"Order of Antonio Jos\u00e9 de Irisarri\".", "Q622291": "A political thriller is a thriller that is set against the backdrop of a political power struggle. They usually involve various extra-legal plots, designed to give political power to someone, while his opponents try to stop him. They can involve national or international political scenarios. Political corruption, terrorism, and warfare are common themes. Political thrillers can be based on true facts such as the assassination of John F. Kennedy or the Watergate Scandal. There is a strong \noverlap with the conspiracy thriller.\nWhen reviewing the film The Interpreter, Erik Lundegaard attempted a definition:\n\nThe basic plot is an ordinary man pulling an innocent thread which leads to a mess of corruption. The corruption should be political or governmental in nature.", "Q277729": "Shankar Panicker, is an Indian film actor and director, popularly known as Shankar (Malayalam: \u0d36\u0d19\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d30\u0d4d\u200d) in Malayalam films. In the early eighties, he was a most prominent romantic lead actor of Malayalam cinema. Galatta Cinema magazine described him as the \"True romantic hero of Mollywood\" in their special edition on 100 years of Indian cinema. Shankar's debut Tamil film Oru Thalai Ragam ran for over 365 days in theatres. His Malayalam debut Manjil Virinja Pookkal ran over 200 days in theatres and is one of the all time blockbuster hit romantic films of the Malayalam film industry.", "Q709766": "Ivan Divi\u0161 (18 September 1924, Prague \u2013 7 April 1999, Prague) was a significant Czech poet and essayist of the second half of the 20th century.", "Q295974": "Ioan Gruffudd (Welsh: [\u02c8j\u0254an \u02c8\u0261r\u026af\u026a\u00f0] (listen); born 6 October 1973) is a Welsh actor. He first came to public attention as Fifth Officer Harold Lowe in Titanic (1997), and then for his portrayal of Horatio Hornblower in the Hornblower series of television films (1998\u20132003). Subsequent roles have included Lancelot in King Arthur (2004), Reed Richards / Mister Fantastic in Fantastic 4 (2005) and its sequel (2007), William Wilberforce in Amazing Grace (2006), and Tony Blair in W. (2008).\nHis other film credits include 102 Dalmatians (2000), Black Hawk Down (2001), The Gathering (2003), Fireflies in the Garden, The Secret of Moonacre (both 2008), Sanctum, Horrible Bosses, Foster (all 2011), The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box (2014), and San Andreas (2015).\nOn television, Gruffudd has starred in the CW series Ringer (2011\u201312), the ABC drama Forever (2014\u201315), the Lifetime series UnReal (2016), Sundance/ITV's Liar (2017\u2013present), and the Australian series Harrow (2018\u2013present).", "Q481582": "Yury Vladimirovich Lomonosov (Russian: \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432; 24 April 1876 \u2013 19 November 1952) was a Russian railway engineer and a leading figure in the development of Russian Railways in the early 20th century. He was best known for design and construction of the world's first operationally successful mainline diesel locomotive, the E el-2. This was completed in 1924 and went into service in 1925. In the late 1920s, Lomonosov immigrated to Europe and later became a British citizen.", "Q236013": "Alicia Alonso (born Alicia Ernestina de la Caridad del Cobre Mart\u00ednez del Hoyo; 21 December 1920 \u2013 17 October 2019) was a Cuban prima ballerina assoluta and choreographer whose company became the Ballet Nacional de Cuba in 1955. She is best known for her portrayals of Giselle and the ballet version of Carmen.From the age of nineteen, Alonso was afflicted with an eye condition and became partially blind. Her partners always had to be in the exact place she expected them to be, and she used lights in different parts of the stage to guide herself.\n\n", "Q113565": "Friedhelm Frischenschlager (born 6 October 1943 in Salzburg) is an Austrian politician and served in the European Parliament. Originally he was a member of the Freedom Party of Austria before co-founding the Liberal Forum in 1993.", "Q324365": "Daymond Garfield John (born February 23, 1969) is an American businessman, investor, television personality, author, and motivational speaker. He is best known as the founder, president, and CEO of FUBU, and appears as an investor on the ABC reality television series Shark Tank. Based in New York City, John is the founder of The Shark Group.", "Q30434": "The D\u00f4me du Go\u00fbter (4,304 m) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif. It is a shoulder of Mont Blanc, whose summit lies two kilometres to the south-east. The D\u00f4me is traversed on ascents of Mont Blanc via the Bosses route.\nThe summit of the D\u00f4me is marked as lying entirely within France on the French Institut G\u00e9ographique National (IGN) map [2], although on Italian Istituto Geografico Militare (IGM) map [3] the summit appears to lie on the frontier between France and Italy. In June 2015, Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi expressed repeated claims on the territory.", "Q92095": "Heinz Hoenig (born 24 September 1951) is a German actor who participated in over 100 feature films and TV productions.", "Q199890": "Slaven Letica (born 28 June 1947) is a Croatian author, economist, commentator and politician.", "Q102468": "Erich L\u00fcth (born 1 February 1902 in Hamburg, died 1 April 1989) was a German writer and film director.", "Q742217": "Gleb Yevgeniyevich Kotelnikov (Russian: \u0413\u043b\u0435\u0431 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, January 30 [O.S. January 18] 1872 \u2013 November 22, 1944), was the Russian-Soviet inventor of the knapsack parachute (first in the hard casing and then in the soft pack), and braking parachute.", "Q468452": "Chester Floyd Carlson (February 8, 1906 \u2013 September 19, 1968) was an American physicist, inventor, and patent attorney born in Seattle, Washington.\nHe is best known for inventing electrophotography, the process performed today by millions of photocopiers worldwide. Carlson's process produced a dry copy, as contrasted with the wet copies then produced by the mimeograph process. Carlson's process was renamed xerography, a term that means \"dry writing.\"", "Q242792": "Laura Marie Marano (born November 29, 1995) is an American actress and singer. She starred in the Disney Channel series Austin & Ally as Ally Dawson. Marano was one of the five original classmates in Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?. She starred in Without a Trace for three seasons and also Back to You, in both instances playing the daughter of the main characters. Marano starred in the indie film A Sort of Homecoming. Marano also starred in the 2015 Disney Channel Original Movie Bad Hair Day. In 2019 Marano starred in the Netflix original movie The Perfect Date.\nIn 2015, she signed with Big Machine Records and released her debut single \"Boombox\" on March 11, 2016 and \"La La\" later that year. On October 5, 2018, Laura Marano released the single \"Me\" as an independent artist.", "Q234604": "Betty Friedan ( February 4, 1921 \u2013 February 4, 2006) was an American feminist writer and activist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is often credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century. In 1966, Friedan co-founded and was elected the first president of the National Organization for Women (NOW), which aimed to bring women \"into the mainstream of American society now [in] fully equal partnership with men.\"\nIn 1970, after stepping down as NOW's first president, Friedan organized the nationwide Women's Strike for Equality on August 26, the 50th anniversary of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granting women the right to vote. The national strike was successful beyond expectations in broadening the feminist movement; the march led by Friedan in New York City alone attracted over 50,000 people. In 1971, Friedan joined other leading feminists to establish the National Women's Political Caucus. Friedan was also a strong supporter of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution that passed the United States House of Representatives (by a vote of 354\u201324) and Senate (84\u20138) following intense pressure by women's groups led by NOW in the early 1970s. Following Congressional passage of the amendment, Friedan advocated for ratification of the amendment in the states and supported other women's rights reforms: she founded the National Association for the Repeal of Abortion Laws but was later critical of the abortion-centered positions of many liberal feminists.\nRegarded as an influential author and intellectual in the United States, Friedan remained active in politics and advocacy until the late 1990s, authoring six books. As early as the 1960s Friedan was critical of polarized and extreme factions of feminism that attacked groups such as men and homemakers. One of her later books, The Second Stage (1981), critiqued what Friedan saw as the extremist excesses of some feminists.", "Q732928": "Thierry Meyssan (French: [tj\u025b\u0281i m\u025bs\u0251\u0303]) is a French journalist, conspiracy theorist and political activist.\nHe is the author of investigations into the extreme right-wing (particularly about the National Front militias, which are the object of a parliamentary investigation and caused a separation of the extreme right-wing party), as well as into the Catholic church (Opus Dei, for example).\nMeyssan's book 9/11: The Big Lie (L'Effroyable imposture) challenges the official account of events of the September 11 terrorist attacks.", "Q75168": "Walter Kreiser (10 February 1898 in Heilbronn - 1958 in Maring\u00e1, Brazil) was a German aircraft designer and journalist, best known for publishing an article in the magazine The World Stage in 1929, which exposed the secret creation of a secret German Air Force in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Its publication resulted in him being convicted in 1931 of treason and espionage, receiving 18 months in prison (Weltb\u00fchne-Prozess) along with future (1935) Nobel Peace Prize winner Carl Ossietzky.", "Q157327": "Silverchair were an Australian rock band, which formed in 1992 as Innocent Criminals in Newcastle, New South Wales with Ben Gillies on drums, Daniel Johns on vocals and guitars, and Chris Joannou on bass guitar. The group got their big break in mid-1994 when they won a national demo competition conducted by SBS TV show Nomad and ABC radio station, Triple J. The band was signed by Murmur, and were successful in Australia and internationally.\nSilverchair won more ARIA Music Awards than any other artist in history with 21 wins from 49 nominations. They also received six APRA Awards, with Johns winning three songwriting awards in 2008. All five of their studio albums debuted at number one on the ARIA Albums Chart: Frogstomp (1995), Freak Show (1997), Neon Ballroom (1999), Diorama (2002), and Young Modern (2007). Three singles reached number-one on the related ARIA Singles Chart: \"Tomorrow\" (1994), \"Freak\" (1997), and \"Straight Lines\" (2007).\nSilverchair's alternative rock sound evolved throughout their career, differing styles on specific albums growing more ambitious over the years, from grunge on their debut to more recent work displaying orchestral and art rock influences. The songwriting and singing of Johns had evolved steadily while the band had developed an increased element of complexity.\nIn 2003, following the release of Diorama, the band announced a hiatus, during which time members recorded with side projects the Dissociatives, the Mess Hall, and Tambalane. Silverchair reunited at the 2005 Wave Aid concerts. In 2007, they released their fifth album, Young Modern, and played the Across the Great Divide tour with contemporaries Powderfinger. In May 2011, Silverchair announced an indefinite hiatus. As of January 2019, Silverchair have sold over 10 million albums worldwide.", "Q745578": "Pier Vittorio Tondelli (September 14, 1955 \u2013 December 16, 1991) was an Italian writer who wrote a small but influential body of work. He was born in Correggio, a small town in the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy and died in nearby Reggio Emilia because of AIDS. Tondelli enjoyed modest success as a writer but often encountered trouble with censors for his use of homosexual themes in his works. Tondelli was buried in a small cemetery in the hamlet of Canolo, just outside Correggio.", "Q62414": "Rudolf Karl Augstein (5 November 1923 \u2013 7 November 2002) was one of the most influential German journalists, founder and part-owner of Der Spiegel magazine.", "Q1163293": "Daniel von Bargen (June 5, 1950 \u2013 March 1, 2015) was an American film, stage and television actor. He was known for his roles as Mr. Kruger on Seinfeld, Commandant Edwin Spangler on Malcolm in the Middle, and Chief Grady in Super Troopers.", "Q32223": "Nina Bott (born 1 January 1978 in Hamburg) is a German actress.", "Q64065": "Lancy is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.", "Q2892622": "Oliver Lyttelton, 1st Viscount Chandos, (15 March 1893 \u2013 21 January 1972) was a British businessman from the Lyttelton family who was brought into government during the Second World War, holding a number of ministerial posts.", "Q6088281": "School of Language and History \u2013 Geography (Turkish: Dil ve Tarih \u2013 Co\u011frafya Fak\u00fcltesi, abbreviated DTCF) is a school of the Ankara University, Turkey. It doesn't have a common campus with the Ankara University. DTCF has its own building on Atat\u00fcrk Boulevard of Ankara at 39\u00b055\u203247\u2033N 32\u00b051\u203220\u2033E. The architect of the building was Bruno Taut. The school was founded in 1940 before the establishment of Ankara University. In 1946 it was included in the newly established Ankara University.", "Q938820": "Virrat (Swedish: Virdois) is a town and municipality of Finland.\nIt is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The town has a population of 6,727\n(31 January 2019) and covers an area of 1,299.07 square kilometres (501.57 sq mi) of\nwhich 136.73 km2 (52.79 sq mi)\nis water. The population density is\n5.79 inhabitants per square kilometre (15.0/sq mi). Apart from the town of Virrat itself, the administratively defined municipality is largely rural, and includes the villages of \u00c4ij\u00e4nneva, H\u00e4rk\u00f6nen J\u00e4\u00e4hdyspohja, Killinkoski, Koro, Kotala, Kurjenkyl\u00e4, Liedenpohja, Ohtola, Vaskuu and Vaskivesi.\nThe municipality is unilingually Finnish. Virrat crater on Mars is named after it.\nThe town grew rapidly in the middle years of the twentieth century, and by 1950 the population reached more than 12,000. Virrat acquired town status in 1977, although it had received the right to hold markets three years earlier, in 1974. More recently the population level has been adversely impacted by the drift of employment opportunities and people to the larger towns.\nMajor lakes in the area are Toisvesi, beside which the town of Virrat is located, and Tarjanne at the border of the municipalities of Virrat, M\u00e4ntt\u00e4-Vilppula and Ruovesi.", "Q116409": "Angel Cruchaga Santa Mar\u00eda (March 23, 1893 \u2013 September 5, 1964) was a Chilean writer. He won the Chilean National Prize for Literature in 1948.\n\n", "Q5149833": "The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science (popularly known as SEAS or Columbia Engineering; previously known as Columbia School of Mines) is the engineering and applied science school of Columbia University. It was founded as the School of Mines in 1863 and then the School of Mines, Engineering and Chemistry before becoming the School of Engineering and Applied Science. On October 1, 1997, the school was renamed in honor of Chinese businessman Z.Y. Fu, who had donated $26 million to the school.\nThe Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science maintains a close research tie with other institutions including NASA, IBM, MIT, and The Earth Institute. Patents owned by the school generate over $100 million annually for the university. SEAS faculty and alumni are responsible for technological achievements including the developments of FM radio and the maser.\nThe School's applied mathematics, biomedical engineering, computer science and the financial engineering program in operations research are very famous and ranked high. The current SEAS faculty include 27 members of the National Academy of Engineering and one Nobel laureate. In all, the faculty and alumni of Columbia Engineering have won 10 Nobel Prizes in physics, chemistry, medicine, and economics.\nThe school consists of approximately 300 undergraduates in each graduating class and maintains close links with its undergraduate liberal arts sister school Columbia College which shares housing with SEAS students. The School's current dean is Mary Cunningham Boyce, who was appointed in 2013.", "Q15850": "Oleksandr Valentynovych Turchynov (Ukrainian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432; born 31 March 1964) is a Ukrainian politician, screenwriter, Baptist minister and economist. He is the former Secretary of the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine.In 2005, Turchynov served as the head of the Security Service of Ukraine. Turchynov is a former acting President of Ukraine from the removal from power of President Viktor Yanukovych on 21 February 2014, until Petro Poroshenko was sworn in as Ukrainian President on 7 June 2014. He then became Chairman of the Ukrainian Parliament until 27 November 2014. Turchynov also served as acting Prime Minister in 2010 (when he was the First Vice Prime Minister in the absence of a prime minister after Yulia Tymoshenko's government was dismissed on 3 March 2010) until the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament) appointed Mykola Azarov as Prime Minister on 11 March 2010.Turchynov was the first deputy chairman of the political party Batkivshchyna (All-Ukrainian Union \"Fatherland\") and a close associate of party leader Yulia Tymoshenko. He started the new political party People's Front in September 2014, now together with Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk.", "Q234610": "Anne Celeste Heche ( HAYSH; born May 25, 1969) is an American actress, director, and screenwriter. Following a dual role in the daytime soap opera Another World (1987\u201391), she came to mainstream prominence in the late 1990s with the films Donnie Brasco (1997), Volcano (1997), Six Days, Seven Nights (1998), and Return to Paradise (1998). In 1998, Heche portrayed Marion Crane in Gus Van Sant's horror remake Psycho.\nA highly publicized relationship with comedian Ellen DeGeneres was followed by a significant downturn in Heche's career, although she has continued to act, appearing in the well-received independent films Birth (2004), Spread (2009), Cedar Rapids (2011), Rampart (2011), and Catfight (2016). In 2004, Heche received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the Lifetime movie Gracie's Choice and a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Play for her work in Broadway's Twentieth Century.\nShe has starred in the television series Men in Trees (2006\u201308), Hung (2009\u201311), Save Me (2013), Aftermath (2016), and The Brave (2017).", "Q2249192": "Zorro's Fighting Legion is a 1939 Republic Pictures film serial consisting of twelve chapters starring Reed Hadley as Zorro and directed by William Witney and John English. The plot revolves around his alter-ego Don Diego's fight against the evil Don Del Oro.\nThe serial is unusual in featuring a real historical personage, Mexican President Benito Ju\u00e1rez, as a minor character. It is the second in a series of five Zorro serials: Zorro Rides Again (1937), Zorro's Black Whip (1944), Son of Zorro (1947) and Ghost of Zorro (1949).", "Q62400": "Heinrich Gotthard Freiherr von Treitschke (15 September 1834 \u2013 28 April 1896) was a German historian, political writer and National Liberal member of the Reichstag during the time of the German Empire. He was an outspoken nationalist, who favored German colonialism and opposed the British Empire. He also opposed Catholics, Poles, Jews and socialists inside Germany.\n\n", "Q469980": "Ekrem Dumanl\u0131 (born 1964) is a Turkish newspaper executive and, since 2001, the editor-in-chief of the newspaper Zaman. He is also the Chief Executive Officer of its English-language version, Today's Zaman.Dumanl\u0131 graduated from the Department of Turkish Language and Literature at Istanbul University and worked for a time as a teacher of literature. He has also held a teaching position at Fatih University in Istanbul.In 1993, he started working as a reporter for the Culture and Art Desk of Zaman. He was later assigned as Culture and Art Desk editor and publication coordinator. In 1997, Dumanl\u0131 went to the United States to further his studies in the media, completing his master's degree at Boston Emerson College. Returning to Turkey in 2001, Dumanl\u0131 was appointed editor-in-chief of Zaman.\nHis articles have also been published by the foreign press, including \"The Turkey-U.S. Divide\" by the Los Angeles Times. A play he wrote, titled The Last Trial, was performed on stage. Dumanl\u0131 is a member of Medya Derne\u011fi (Media Association), the World Association of Newspapers (WAN), the T\u00fcrkiye Yazarlar Birli\u011fi (Turkish Writers Union), and the BJK Sports Club Congress.\nDumanl\u0131 was listed in Georgetown University\u2019s list of The 500 Most Influential Muslims in 2009. he is a known member of the Gulen Movement.\n\n", "Q74262": "Heinrich Windelen (25 June 1921 \u2013 16 February 2015) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union. He served as a Member of the Bundestag from 1957 to 1990, and as Federal Minister for Displaced Persons, Refugees and War Victims in the Cabinet Kiesinger in 1969 and as Federal Minister of Intra-German Relations in the Cabinet Kohl II from 1983 to 1987.", "Q108637": "Ernst Friedrich L\u00f6hndorff (13 March 1899 \u2013 1976) was a German sailor, adventurer, and writer. He was born in Frankfurt am Main and died in Laufenburg, Switzerland.\nIn 1913, at the age of 14, L\u00f6hndorff ran away from his home with the intent to become a sailor and get to know the world. He travelled the world as a sailor and adventurer until 1927. His first of over 30 novels, \u201cBestie Ich in Mexiko\u201d (engl. \u201cI, Beast, in Mexico\u201d ), was published in 1927. His novels were translated in a dozen languages and were quite popular until after the Second World War. His books were reprinted in 2017, published by Casssiopeia-XXX-press. His biography is available.", "Q263748": "Francia Raisa Almendarez (born July 26, 1988) is an American actress. Raisa is known for her roles in Bring It On: All or Nothing, The Secret Life of the American Teenager and Grown-ish.", "Q438271": "Angela Martinez (born January 9, 1971) is an American radio personality, rapper, and actress of Puerto Rican, Cuban and Dominican heritage. Nicknamed \u201cThe Voice of New York\u201d, her afternoon radio show has consistently been ranked #1 with more young listeners than any other radio program in the country.", "Q151742": "Alexander (Greek: \u0391\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, Al\u00e9xandros; 1 August 1893 \u2013 25 October 1920) was King of Greece from 11 June 1917 until his death three years later, at the age of 27, from the effects of a monkey bite.\nThe second son of King Constantine I, Alexander was born in the summer palace of Tatoi on the outskirts of Athens. He succeeded his father in 1917, during World War I, after the Entente Powers and the followers of Eleftherios Venizelos pushed Constantine I, and his eldest son Crown Prince George, into exile. Having no real political experience, the new king was stripped of his powers by the Venizelists and effectively imprisoned in his own palace. Venizelos, as prime minister, was the effective ruler with the support of the Entente. Though reduced to the status of a puppet king, Alexander supported Greek troops during their war against the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. Under his reign, the territorial extent of Greece considerably increased, following the victory of the Entente and their Allies in the First World War and the early stages of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919\u20131922.\nAlexander controversially married the commoner Aspasia Manos in 1919, provoking a major scandal that forced the couple to leave Greece for several months. Soon after returning to Greece with his wife, Alexander was bitten by a domestic Barbary macaque and died of sepsis. The sudden death of the sovereign led to questions over the monarchy's survival and contributed to the fall of the Venizelist regime. After a general election and a referendum, Constantine I was restored to the throne.", "Q712434": "Vladimir Vasilyevich Yermoshin (Belarusian: \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0456\u0301\u043c\u0456\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0301\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u042f\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0448\u044b\u043d, tr. Uladzimir Vasilevich Yarmoshyn; Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0448\u0438\u043d; born 26 October 1942) is a politician from Belarus.", "Q852435": "Steely Dan is an American rock duo founded in 1972 by core members Walter Becker (guitars, bass, backing vocals) and Donald Fagen (keyboards, lead vocals). Blending rock, jazz, latin music, reggae, traditional pop, R&B, blues, and sophisticated studio production with cryptic and ironic lyrics, the band enjoyed critical and commercial success starting from the early 1970s until breaking up in 1981. Throughout their career, the duo recorded with a revolving cast of session musicians, and in 1974 retired from live performances to become a studio-only band. Rolling Stone has called them \"the perfect musical antiheroes for the Seventies\".After the group disbanded in 1981, Becker and Fagen were less active throughout most of the next decade, though a cult following remained devoted to the group. Since reuniting in 1993, Steely Dan has toured steadily and released two albums of new material, the first of which, Two Against Nature, earned a Grammy Award for Album of the Year. They have sold more than 40 million albums worldwide and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in March 2001. VH1 ranked Steely Dan at #82 on their list of the 100 greatest musical artists of all time. Founding member Walter Becker died on September 3, 2017, leaving Fagen as the sole official member.", "Q90696": "Georg Fahrenschon (born 8 February 1968) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. From 2008 to 2011 he served as finance minister in the Bavarian State Ministry of Finance. He was a member of the Bundestag of Germany until 2007.\n\n", "Q725298": "Ond\u0159ej Sekora (25 September 1899, Brno \u2013 4 July 1967, Prague) was a Czech painter, illustrator, writer, journalist and entomologist. He is known mainly as an author of children books. Sekora was also one of the first propagators of rugby in Czechoslovakia.", "Q232261": "Watch Out, We're Mad! (Italian: ...altrimenti ci arrabbiamo!) is a 1974 Italian action comedy film, directed by Marcello Fondato and starring the comedy team of Terence Hill and Bud Spencer. It is an international co-production between Italy and Spain.", "Q70004": "Peter Berglar (8 February 1919 \u2013 10 November 1989) was a German historian. Professor of Modern and Contemporary History in the University of Cologne, he is known for his many publications, amongst which his biography of Thomas More is considered one of the best.", "Q260241": "Carly Pope (born August 28, 1980) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her roles on The WB's drama series Popular (1999\u20132001), supernatural drama series The Collector (2004-2005), USA Network's legal drama series Suits (2016\u20132017) and The CW's Arrow (2016\u20132017).", "Q67578": "Hans J\u00fcttner (2 March 1894 \u2013 24 May 1965) was a German high-ranking functionary in the SS of Nazi Germany who served as the head of the SS F\u00fchrungshauptamt (SS Leadership Main Office).", "Q1043625": "Carmen Bradford (born July 19, 1960, Austin, Texas) is an American jazz singer. She sang with the Count Basie Orchestra from 1983 to 1991.\nBradford grew up in a musical family; her grandfather is Melvin Moore, her father Bobby Bradford, and her mother Melba Joyce. She studied music formally at Huston-Tillotson College, and sang as a popular singer and for television commercials before scoring a slot opening for the Count Basie Orchestra in 1982. In 1983 Basie asked her to sing with the band, and she remained a singer with the group after Basie's death, under the direction of Thad Jones and Frank Foster. In 1991 she left the group and worked under her own name, releasing several albums; she has also worked with David Murray and Kamau Daaood.", "Q3166586": "Jean-Lou Chameau (born 1953) is a French civil engineer and former president of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia and California Institute of Technology (Caltech). In addition, he previously served as a Dean of Engineering and provost of the Georgia Institute of Technology.", "Q60217": "Johann Gustav Bernhard Droysen (; German: [\u02c8d\u0281\u0254\u028fzn\u0329]; 6 July 1808 \u2013 19 June 1884) was a German historian. His history of Alexander the Great was the first work representing a new school of German historical thought that idealized power held by so-called \"great\" men.", "Q250382": "Mar\u00eda del Pilar Pe\u00f1a S\u00e1nchez (born 14 July 1973), professionally known as Candela Pe\u00f1a, is a Spanish actress.She is the only child of a couple who had a bar in Barcelona. When she was four years old she started to learn dance in the city and after finishing high-school she went to Seville to begin theatre classes there and eventually in Madrid. Encouraged by Pedro Almod\u00f3var, she published the novel P\u00e9rez Pr\u00edncipe, Mar\u00eda Dolores in 2001.\nShe won the Goya Award in 2003 (for the movie Te doy mis ojos) after being nominated several times previously.", "Q105313": "Wessex (; Old English: Westseaxna r\u012bce [wests\u00e6\u0251ksn\u0251 ri\u02d0t\u0361\u0283e], the 'Kingdom of the West Saxons') was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom in the south of Great Britain, from 519 until England was unified by \u00c6thelstan in 927.\nThe Anglo-Saxons believed that Wessex was founded by Cerdic and Cynric, but this may be a legend. The two main sources for the history of Wessex are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List, which sometimes conflict. Wessex became a Christian kingdom after Cenwalh was baptised and was expanded under his rule. C\u00e6dwalla later conquered Sussex, Kent and the Isle of Wight. His successor, Ine, issued one of the oldest surviving English law codes and established a second West Saxon bishopric. The throne subsequently passed to a series of kings with unknown genealogies.\nDuring the 8th century, as the hegemony of Mercia grew, Wessex largely retained its independence. It was during this period that the system of shires was established. Under Egbert, Surrey, Sussex, Kent, Essex, and Mercia, along with parts of Dumnonia, were conquered. He also obtained the overlordship of the Northumbrian king. However, Mercian independence was restored in 830. During the reign of his successor, \u00c6thelwulf, a Danish army arrived in the Thames estuary, but was decisively defeated. When \u00c6thelwulf's son, \u00c6thelbald, usurped the throne, the kingdom was divided to avoid war. \u00c6thelwulf was succeeded in turn by his four sons, the youngest being Alfred the Great.\nWessex was invaded by the Danes in 871, and Alfred was compelled to pay them to leave. They returned in 876, but were forced to withdraw. In 878 they forced Alfred to flee to the Somerset Levels, but were eventually defeated at the Battle of Edington. During his reign Alfred issued a new law code, gathered scholars to his court and was able to devote funds to building ships, organising an army and establishing a system of burhs. Alfred's son, Edward, captured the eastern Midlands and East Anglia from the Danes and became ruler of Mercia in 918 upon the death of his sister, \u00c6thelfl\u00e6d. Edward's son, \u00c6thelstan, conquered Northumbria in 927, and England became a unified kingdom for the first time. Cnut the Great, who conquered England in 1016, created the wealthy and powerful earldom of Wessex, but in 1066 Harold Godwinson reunited the earldom with the crown and Wessex ceased to exist.\n\n", "Q68893": "Wolf Erlbruch (born 1948) is a German illustrator and writer of children's books. He combines various techniques for the artwork in his books, including cutting and pasting, drawing, and painting. His style is sometimes surrealist and is widely copied inside and outside Germany. Some of his story books have challenging themes such as death and the meaning of life. They have won many awards, including the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis in 1993 and 2003.\nFor his \"lasting contribution\" as a children's illustrator Erlbruch received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 2006. In 2017, he was the first German to win the important Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award.", "Q463513": "\u00c9mile Gaboriau (9 November 1832 \u2013 28 September 1873) was a French writer, novelist, journalist, and a pioneer of detective fiction.", "Q61109": "Oskar Barnack (Nuthe-Urstromtal, Brandenburg, 1 November 1879 \u2013 Bad Nauheim, Hesse, 16 January 1936) was an inventor and German photographer who built, in 1913, what would later become the first commercially successful 35mm still-camera, subsequently called Ur-Leica at Ernst Leitz Optische Werke (the Leitz factory) in Wetzlar.", "Q355588": "Mark Olson (born September 18, 1961 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American musician and singer-songwriter. He was a founding member of alternative country bands the Jayhawks and the Original Harmony Ridge Creekdippers.", "Q435755": "Tudor Arghezi (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8tudor ar\u02c8\u0261ezi]; 21 May 1880 \u2013 14 July 1967) was a Romanian writer, best known for his unique contribution to poetry and children's literature. Born Ion N. Theodorescu in Bucharest, he explained that his pen name was related to Argesis, the Latin name for the Arge\u0219 River.", "Q1575612": "Hans Erik Dyvik Husby (born 15 June 1972), also known as Hank von Hell, is most famous for being the former lead vocalist of the Norwegian death-punk band Turbonegro.Husby's former band is most well known for their tongue-in-cheek humor dealing with homosexual aesthetics and punk rock antics, and the formation of a genre they label \"death punk\". The band formed in the late 1980s and put out a few records before disbanding in 1998 when Husby's heroin addiction made him unable to perform. After going through rehab, Turbonegro reunited in 2002, but Husby and the band \"laid it on ice\" in 2010. The main reason for this was his new lifestyle as a sober family man.\nHusby went through detox while living at the Moskenes island in Lofoten, Norway. Here he worked at Norsk Fiskev\u00e6rsmuseum in \u00c5, as well as working as a presenter at Moskenesradioen, a local radio station.\nHusby was married to model Gro Skaustein (b.1980) from Aug. 2009 until Oct. 2014. The couple have a daughter together, who was born on December 21, 2008.In 2009, he had a joint #1 hit alongside Maria Solheim in the Norwegian Singles Chart with \"Rom for alle\". The song stayed at #1 for three weeks including the Christmas chart for 2009.\nHe claims to have now dealt with his drug addiction problem thanks to the Scientology drug rehab program Narconon. He played the title role in Cornelis, a Swedish film from 2010 about the singer-songwriter Cornelis Vreeswijk.\nOn 6 June 2011, Hank, alongside his new band Doctor Midnight & The Mercy Cult, released their first album I Declare: Treason.\nFall 2011 he was a judge in Norwegian Idol. \nHis biography was released in Norway October 2012, written by famous writer and poet Havard Rem, where he speaks openly about his life so far.\nOn 31 August 2018 Hank Von Hell released his first single Bum to Bum from his forthcoming solo record entitled Egomania. The album was released on November 2 through Sony Music Entertainment/Century Media Records worldwide.On 25 January 2019 the song Fake it was chosen for competition in the Melodi Grand Prix 2019 to represent Norway at the Eurovision Song Contest in Israel.Debut Solo Album - Egomania\nOn 2 November 2018, Hank Von Hell released his first debut solo record, Egomania. Hank Von Hell wrote the album with the help of guitarist and band member Eric Bachman, also known as Cat Casino. Cat is also a member of Vain and Deathstars. Hank Von Hell was asked why he decided to return and produce a solo record in an interview in 2018, he said: \"The timing was just right. I was done with others \u201cangels\u201d in life, and it felt like it was time to go back and do what I always should\u2019ve done \u2013 ROCK. And shake ass.\".", "Q92081": "Heinrich August Luyken (10 December 1864 in Altenkirchen \u2013 21 September 1947 in Amersham) is an author of various adventure novels in Esperanto.\nHeinrich Luyken attended gymnasium in D\u00fcsseldorf. In 1885 he emigrated to England and acquired citizenship. He married to the Englishwoman Alice Maud Marian Newbon and they had four children.\nHe learnt Esperanto in the year 1904 and he soon began propagating it. Heinrich Luyken is considered one of the main writers of the Esperanto literature before the Second World War. He published four adventure novels between 1912 and 1924, in which his evangelical faith is reflected. In every roman the protagonist is a heretic who is \"saved\" by their faith.", "Q230476": "Kate Chopin (, also US: ; born Katherine O'Flaherty; February 8, 1850 \u2013 August 22, 1904) was an American author of short stories and novels based in Louisiana. She is now considered by some scholars to have been a forerunner of American 20th-century feminist authors of Southern or Catholic background, such as Zelda Fitzgerald, and is one of the most frequently read and recognized writers of Louisiana Creole heritage.\nOf maternal French and paternal Irish descent, Chopin was born in St. Louis, Missouri. She married and moved with her husband to New Orleans. They later lived in the country in Cloutierville, Louisiana. From 1892 to 1895, Chopin wrote short stories for both children and adults that were published in such national magazines as Atlantic Monthly, Vogue, The Century Magazine, and The Youth's Companion. Her stories aroused controversy because of her subjects and her approach; they were condemned as immoral by some critics.\nHer major works were two short story collections: Bayou Folk (1894) and A Night in Acadie (1897). Her important short stories included \"D\u00e9sir\u00e9e's Baby\" (1893), a tale of miscegenation in antebellum Louisiana, \"The Story of an Hour\" (1894), and \"The Storm\" (1898). \"The Storm\" is a sequel to \"At the Cadian Ball,\" which appeared in her first collection of short stories, Bayou Folk.Chopin also wrote two novels: At Fault (1890) and The Awakening (1899), which are set in New Orleans and Grand Isle, respectively. The characters in her stories are usually residents of Louisiana, and many are Creoles of various ethnic or racial backgrounds. Many of her works are set in Natchitoches in north-central Louisiana, a region where she lived.\nWithin a decade of her death, Chopin was widely recognized as one of the leading writers of her time. In 1915, Fred Lewis Pattee wrote, \"some of [Chopin's] work is equal to the best that has been produced in France or even in America. [She displayed] what may be described as a native aptitude for narration amounting almost to genius.\"", "Q66666": "R\u00fcmligen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q199884": "Anna H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Paquin ( PAK-win; born 24 July 1982) is a New Zealand-Canadian actress. She was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba and brought up in Wellington, New Zealand, before moving to Los Angeles during her youth. She completed a year at Columbia University, before leaving to focus on her acting career. As a child, she played the role of Flora McGrath in Jane Campion's romantic drama film The Piano (1993), despite having had little acting experience. For her performance, she garnered critical acclaim and received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at the age of 11, making her the second-youngest winner in Oscar history.Paquin was a successful child actress, receiving multiple Young Artist Award nominations for her roles in Fly Away Home (1996), The Member of the Wedding (1997), and A Walk on the Moon (1999), and was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture for appearing in Cameron Crowe's comedy-drama film Almost Famous (2000). She played mutant superheroine Rogue in multiple films of the X-Men franchise (2000\u20132014) and was nominated for a Saturn Award for her performance in the first installment. Her other film credits include Jane Eyre (1996), Amistad (1997), 25th Hour (2002), Trick 'r Treat (2007), Margaret (2011), The Good Dinosaur (2015), and The Irishman (2019).\nPaquin played the lead role of Sookie Stackhouse in the HBO vampire drama television series True Blood (2008\u20132014). For her performance in the series, Paquin won the Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series \u2013 Drama in 2009, and was nominated for an additional Golden Globe Award in 2010, as well as three Saturn Awards and a Screen Actors Guild Award in 2010. Among other accolades, Paquin has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her work on the 2007 television film Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee and a Golden Globe Award for her work on the 2009 television film The Courageous Heart of Irena Sendler.", "Q435033": "Nawell Azzouz better known as Wallen (born January 23, 1978) is a French R&B singer. Her stage name comes from the rearrangement of the letters of her first name.\nShe was born in Saint-Denis, France, to Moroccan parents. As a child, she learned to play the violin and developed a passion for singing. She grew up listening to funk, hip hop, and R&B.\nInfluenced by Aaliyah, Wallen made her recording debut with producer Sullee B Wax, and rapper St\u00e9 Strass. In 1998, she was featured on the French RnB compilation \"24 Carats\", with \"Je ne pleurs pas\" (I'm not crying).\nHer first hit came with \"Celle Qui Dit Non\" with the rapper Shurik'n. In 2004, she released the album Avoir La Vie Devant Soi which includes the singles \"Bouge Cette Vie\", \"L'Olivier\", and \"Donna\"'. She also sang with Usher on the French version of \"U Got It Bad\".\nWith Abd al Malik and a few other rappers she created a group called Beni Snassen, that recorded an album under that name.\nIn 2008, she released her 3rd album Misericorde.", "Q69233": "M\u00fcnsterlingen is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q115666": "Henrich \"Heini\" Walter (28 July 1927 \u2013 12 May 2009) was a Swiss racing driver. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 5 August 1962. He finished 14th, scoring no World Championship points. He also participated in non-Championship Formula One races.", "Q261639": "Lori Petty (born October 14, 1963) is an American actress and director. Her roles include playing Tyler Endicott in the 1991 film Point Break, Kit Keller in A League of Their Own (1992), Rae Lindley in Free Willy (1993), and the title role in Tank Girl in 1995. \nPetty joined the Netflix Original series Orange Is the New Black as Lolly Whitehill as a guest star in the second season, and a recurring character in the third, fourth and seventh seasons. She also appeared on the television series Prison Break in the last episode of season four.", "Q707039": "Paul Robert Morley (born 26 March 1957) is an English music journalist. He wrote for the New Musical Express from 1977 to 1983 and has since written for a wide range of publications. He was a co-founder of the record label ZTT Records and was a member of the synthpop group Art of Noise. He has also been a band manager, promoter and television presenter.", "Q689600": "Antoine-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Ozanam (pronounced [\u0251\u0303.twan.f\u0281e.de.\u0281ik o.za.nam]; April 23, 1813 \u2013 September 8, 1853) was a French literary scholar, lawyer, journalist and equal rights advocate. He founded with fellow students the Conference of Charity, later known as the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul. He was beatified by Pope John Paul II in the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris in 1997, hence he may be properly called Blessed Frederic by Catholics. His feast day is September 9.", "Q112109": "Thomas Strobl (born 17 March 1960 in Heilbronn) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as Deputy Minister-President of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg since 2016.\nFrom 1998 until 2016 Strobl was a member of the German Bundestag. In 2011 he was elected chairman of the CDU Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, succeeding Stefan Mappus. In 2012 he was elected one of five vice federal chairmen of the CDU party in Germany.", "Q3106514": "Gilles Taillon (born August 11, 1945) is the former leader of the Action d\u00e9mocratique du Qu\u00e9bec (ADQ). A politician, teacher and businessman in Quebec, Canada; he was the ADQ Member of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA) for the district of Chauveau in the Quebec City area from the 2007 to the 2008 elections.\nHe was not sitting as an MNA when he was selected as the party's new leader in the Action d\u00e9mocratique du Qu\u00e9bec leadership election on October 18, 2009. However, he announced his resignation from that position less than a month later following a caucus revolt.", "Q1140338": "Cristian Vogel (born 1972) is an experimental electronic musician.", "Q155242": "Yitzhak Tabenkin (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d8\u05d1\u05e0\u05e7\u05d9\u05df\u200e, 8 January 1888 \u2013 6 June 1971) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician. He was one of the founders of the Kibbutz Movement.\n\n", "Q219782": "Mary Isobel Catherine Bernadette O'Brien (16 April 1939 \u2013 2 March 1999), professionally known as Dusty Springfield, was an English pop singer and record producer whose career extended from the late 1950s to the 1990s. With her distinctive mezzo-soprano sound, she was an important singer of blue-eyed soul and at her peak was one of the most successful British female performers, with six top 20 singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 and sixteen on the UK Singles Chart from 1963 to 1989. She is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and UK Music Hall of Fame. International polls have named Springfield among the best female rock artists of all time. Her image, supported by a peroxide blonde bouffant hairstyle, evening gowns, and heavy make-up, as well as her flamboyant performances, made her an icon of the Swinging Sixties.Born in West Hampstead in London to a family that enjoyed music, Springfield learned to sing at home. In 1958 she joined her first professional group, The Lana Sisters, and two years later formed a pop-folk vocal trio, The Springfields, with her brother Tom Springfield and Tim Feild. They became the UK's top selling act. Her solo career began in 1963 with the upbeat pop hit, \"I Only Want to Be with You\". Among the hits that followed were \"Wishin' and Hopin'\u2009\" (1964), \"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself\" (1964), \"You Don't Have to Say You Love Me\" (1966), and \"Son of a Preacher Man\" (1968).\nAs a fan of US soul music, she brought many little-known soul singers to the attention of a wider UK record-buying audience by hosting the first national TV performance of many top-selling Motown artists beginning in 1965. Partly owing to these efforts, a year later she eventually became the best-selling female singer in the world and topped a number of popularity polls, including Melody Maker's Best International Vocalist. Although she was never considered a Northern Soul artist in her own right, her efforts contributed a great deal to the formation of the genre as a result. She was the first UK singer to top the New Musical Express readers' poll for Female Singer.\nTo boost her credibility as a soul artist, Springfield went to Memphis, Tennessee, to record Dusty in Memphis, an album of pop and soul music with the Atlantic Records main production team. Released in 1969, it has been ranked among the greatest albums of all time by the US magazine Rolling Stone and in polls by VH1 artists, New Musical Express readers, and Channel 4 viewers. The album was also awarded a place in the Grammy Hall of Fame and in March 2020 the US Library of Congress added it to the National Recording Registry, which preserves audio recordings considered to be \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\".. Despite its current recognition, the album did not sell well and after relocating to America following its release, she experienced a career slump which lasted several years. However, in collaboration with Pet Shop Boys, she returned to the Top 10 of the UK and US charts in 1987 with \"What Have I Done to Deserve This?\" Two years later, she had two other UK hits on her own with \"Nothing Has Been Proved\" and \"In Private.\" Subsequently, in the mid-1990s, owing to the inclusion of \"Son of a Preacher Man\" on the Pulp Fiction soundtrack, interest in her early output was revived.", "Q31058": "Burlington is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Vermont and the seat of Chittenden County. It is located 45 miles (72 km) south of the Canada\u2013United States border and 94 miles (151 km) south of Montreal. The population was 42,417 as of the 2010 census. It is the least populous city to be the most populous city in a state.\nA regional college town, Burlington is home to the University of Vermont (UVM) and Champlain College, a small private college. Vermont's largest hospital, the UVM Medical Center, is located within the city limits. The City of Burlington also has Vermont's largest airport, the Burlington International Airport, in neighboring South Burlington. In 2015, Burlington became the first city in the U.S. to run entirely on renewable energy.", "Q750161": "Colonel John Mark Lancaster, (born 12 May 1970) is a British Conservative Party politician, who served as Member of Parliament for Milton Keynes North from the seat's creation at the 2010 general election until his retirement in 2019, having been Member of Parliament for the North East Milton Keynes constituency between 2005 and 2010. He served as a Minister in several appointments after the formation of the Coalition Government in 2010, first as Lord Commissioner of Her Majesty's Treasury, before in May 2015 moving to the Ministry of Defence as the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Veterans, Reserves and Personnel, then on the 13 June 2017, he was appointed Minister of State for the Armed Forces in the Second May ministry and was reappointed by Boris Johnson at the start of his Premiership in July 2019, he served in this role until his retirement from Government on the 16th Dec 2019.", "Q952421": "Sir Proby Thomas Cautley, KCB (3 January 1802 \u2013 25 January 1871), English engineer and palaeontologist, born in Stratford St Mary, Suffolk, is best known for conceiving and supervising the construction of the Ganges canal during East India Company rule in India. The canal stretches some 350 miles between its headworks at Haridwar and, after bifurcation near Aligarh, its confluences with the Ganges river mainstem in Kanpur and the Yamuna river in Etawah. At the time of completion, it had the greatest discharge of any irrigation canal in the world.Proby Cautley was educated at Charterhouse School (1813\u201318), followed by the East India Company's Military Seminary at Addiscombe (1818\u201319). After less than a year there, he was commissioned second lieutenant and dispatched to India, joining the Bengal Presidency artillery in Calcutta. In 1825, he assisted Captain Robert Smith, the engineer in charge of constructing the Eastern Yamuna canal, also called the Doab canal. He was in charge of this canal for 12 years between 1831 and 1843. By 1836, he was Superintendent-General of Canals.", "Q374220": "Daniel Peter Masterson (born March 13, 1976) is an American actor, active Scientologist, and disc jockey. Masterson played the roles of Steven Hyde in That '70s Show (1998\u20132006) and Jameson \"Rooster\" Bennett in The Ranch (2016\u20132018).", "Q740372": "B\u00e9la Szepes (also known as B\u00e9la Strauch; September 5, 1903 \u2013 June 20, 1986) was a Hungarian skier, athlete, graphic designer and journalist. He competed at the 1924 Winter Olympics and won the silver medal in the javelin throw in the 1928 Summer Olympics. He captured seven Hungarian Athletics Championships and three British Athletics Championships titles.\nLater Szepes had a successful career as a graphic artist, becoming an influential sports cartoonist in Hungary.", "Q145051": "Zales Nelson Ecton (April 1, 1898 \u2013 March 3, 1961) was an American Republican politician from Montana who represented the state in the United States Senate, serving from 1947 to 1953.\nEcton was born in Weldon, Decatur County, Iowa. He moved with his family to Gallatin County, Montana, when he was nine years old. He attended the Gallatin County public schools, the then Montana State College (later Montana State University) at Bozeman and the University of Chicago law school. In 1921, he became a rancher and gained interests in grain and livestock.\nEntering politics, he was a member of the Montana state House from 1933 to 1937 and the Montana state senate from 1937 to 1946. In 1946, he ran for the Montana United States Senate seat which was being vacated by Democrat Burton K. Wheeler, who had lost the Democratic primary.\nAs part of the Republican takeover of the Senate in 1946, Ecton defeated Democratic state Supreme Court Justice Leif Erickson by a vote of 54% to 46%. He served in the Senate for one term, having been narrowly defeated for reelection in 1952 by U.S. Representative Mike Mansfield, a Democratic college professor and Far Eastern expert. Ecton resumed his ranching business until his death in Bozeman.\nEcton was the last Republican U.S. senator from Montana until the election in 1988 of Conrad Burns, who served from 1989 to 2007.", "Q64717": "Bernhard F\u00f6rster (31 March 1843 \u2013 3 June 1889) was a German teacher. He was married to Elisabeth F\u00f6rster-Nietzsche, the sister of the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.", "Q118342": "Rotraut Susanne Berner (born 26 August 1948, in Stuttgart) is a German graphic designer and illustrator. She illustrated The Number Devil by Hans Magnus Enzensberger.She is well known for a series of popular children's book, called Wimmelbilderbuch, which have attained a worldwide circulation of close to 500,000 copies in fifteen countries.Working as a freelance illustrator, she has focused on books for children and young adults, illustrating more than 80 such books and designing over 800 book covers.For her contribution as a children's illustrator Berner was a finalist for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 2002, 2004, and 2014, and she won it in 2016.", "Q131908": "Hanover is a town along the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 11,260 at the 2010 census. Dartmouth College and the US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory are located in Hanover. The Appalachian Trail crosses the town.\nThe main village of the town, where 8,636 people resided at the 2010 census, is defined as the Hanover census-designated place (CDP), and is located at the junctions of New Hampshire routes 10, 10A, and 120. The town also contains the villages of Etna and Hanover Center.", "Q74504": "Aftermath (Polish: Pok\u0142osie) is a 2012 Polish film written and directed by W\u0142adys\u0142aw Pasikowski. The fictional Holocaust-related thriller and drama is inspired by the July 1941 Jedwabne pogrom in occupied north-eastern Poland during Operation Barbarossa, in which 340 Polish Jews of Jedwabne were locked in a barn later set on fire by a group of Polish males summoned specifically for that purpose by the German Ordnungspolizei.", "Q128281": "Viscount Uehara Y\u016bsaku (\u4e0a\u539f \u52c7\u4f5c, 6 December 1856 \u2013 8 November 1933) was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army. His wife was a daughter of General Nozu Michitsura. He was the founder of the Imperial Japanese Army Engineering Corps.", "Q159478": "Wesley Kanne Clark, Sr. (born December 23, 1944) is a retired general of the United States Army. He graduated as valedictorian of the class of 1966 at West Point and was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to the University of Oxford, where he obtained a degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics. He later graduated from the Command and General Staff College with a master's degree in military science. He spent 34 years in the U.S. Army, receiving many military decorations, several honorary knighthoods, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom.\nClark commanded Operation Allied Force in the Kosovo War during his term as the Supreme Allied Commander Europe of NATO from 1997 to 2000.\nClark joined the 2004 race for the Democratic Party presidential nomination as a candidate in 2003, but withdrew from the primary race in 2004, after winning the Oklahoma state primary, endorsing and campaigning for the eventual Democratic nominee, John Kerry. Clark leads a political action committee, \"WesPAC\", which he formed after the 2004 primaries and used to support Democratic Party candidates in the 2006 midterm elections. Clark was considered a potential candidate for the Democratic nomination in 2008, but, on September 15, 2007, endorsed Senator Hillary Clinton. After Clinton dropped out of the presidential race, Clark endorsed the then-presumptive Democratic nominee, Barack Obama. Clark served as a co-chairman of Growth Energy, an ethanol lobbying group, and is on the board of directors of BNK Petroleum. Between July 2012 and November 2015, he was an honorary special advisor to Romanian prime minister Victor Ponta on economic and security matters.\n\n", "Q3500392": "The Adventures of Electronic (Russian: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, translit. Priklyucheniya Elektronika) is a 1979 Soviet children's science fiction TV miniseries, directed by Konstantin Bromberg.\nThe series' screenplay was adapted by Yevgeny Veltistov from his own two children's novels, Electronic - the boy from the suitcase (1964) and Ressy - an elusive friend (1971). The TV premiere was on 2 May 1980. The film achieved a cult status among the Soviet kids.\n\n", "Q63078": "Hermann Karl Usener (23 October 1834 \u2013 21 October 1905) was a German scholar in the fields of philology and comparative religion.", "Q1270525": "D\u00e9nes Zsigmondy (9 April 1922 \u2013 15 February 2014) was a Hungarian classical violinist and music educator.\nHe was born D\u00e9nes Liedemann in Budapest, but changed his name to Zsigmondy, his paternal grandmother's surname, as it was more Hungarian than German. In 1944, whilst attending the Summer Academy in Salzburg, he was informed by his parents that he had been drafted into the Hungarian military\u2014to avoid the draft he did not return to Hungary and hid out with a German family at Lake Starnberg. After World War II, Zsigmondy was rejected by several orchestras before joining the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra when he impressed the conductor with his performance of Brahms' Violin Concerto.Following this appointment, Zsigmondy would perform as a soloist with the Berliner Symphoniker and the Vienna Symphony; the philharmonic orchestras of Tokyo, Budapest and Munich; and the radio orchestras of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Sydney and Melbourne, and in Munich; as well as the Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra and the Camerata Salzburg.From 1971, he was a professor (later emeritus professor) of music at the University of Washington at Seattle, a visiting professor at Boston University, and conducted masterclasses at the New England Conservatory and other institutions around the world. He taught at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Mainz in his later years.He was married to the pianist Anneliese Nissen, with whom he gave recitals, from 1947 until her death in 2014. The couple had two daughters.Zsigmondy died, aged 91, at his home in Bavaria, Germany on 15 February 2014.", "Q62366": "Rebecca Harms (born 7 December 1956) is a German politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2004 until 2019. She is a member of the Alliance '90/The Greens, part of the European Green Party. From 2010 until 2016 she served as president of The Greens\u2013European Free Alliance group in the European Parliament.", "Q347832": "Ricardo Rojas (16 September 1882 in Tucum\u00e1n \u2013 29 July 1957 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine journalist and writer. He came from one of the most influential families of the Santiago del Estero Province; his father was Absal\u00f3n Rojas, who was governor of the province. He moved to Buenos Aires to further his education, later becoming rector of the University of Buenos Aires from 1926 to 1930. He was also the director of the Institute of Petroleum (see Yacimientos Petrol\u00edferos Fiscales).", "Q166850": "Charles J. Colden (August 24, 1870 \u2013 April 15, 1938) was a 20th-century California politician who served in the Los Angeles City Council and the U.S. Congress.", "Q301867": "Adam Paul Tinley (born 1968), known professionally as Adamski, as well as Sonny Eriksson, is an English DJ, musician, singer and record producer, prominent at the time of acid house for his tracks \"N-R-G\" and \"Killer\", a collaboration with Seal.\n\n", "Q366624": "Sir Colin Rex Davis (25 September 1927 \u2013 14 April 2013) was an English conductor, known for his association with the London Symphony Orchestra, having first conducted it in 1959. His repertoire was broad, but among the composers with whom he was particularly associated were Mozart, Berlioz, Elgar, Sibelius, Stravinsky and Tippett.\nHe studied as a clarinettist, but was intent on becoming a conductor. After struggles as a freelance conductor from 1949 to 1957, he gained a series of appointments with orchestras including the BBC Scottish Orchestra, the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. He also held the musical directorships of Sadler's Wells Opera and the Royal Opera House, where he was principal conductor for over fifteen years. His guest conductorships included the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic and the Dresden Staatskapelle, among many others.\nAs a teacher, Davis held posts at the Royal Academy of Music, London, and the Landesgymnasium f\u00fcr Musik \"Carl Maria von Weber\" (preparatory school for music) in Dresden. He made his first gramophone recordings in 1958, and his discography over the next five decades was extensive, with many studio recordings for Philips Records and a substantial catalogue of live recordings for the London Symphony Orchestra's own label.", "Q957559": "Dr. Carlos M\u00e1rquez Sterling y Guiral (September 8, 1898 \u2013 May 3, 1991) was a Cuban lawyer, writer, politician and diplomat.", "Q552902": "Lucas Cornelis van Scheppingen (born 22 October 1976), better known under his stage name Laidback Luke, is a Dutch-Filipino DJ and music producer from Hoofddorp, North Holland. Born in Manila, Philippines. He is also a martial artist. He notably remixed the Robin S. song, \"Show Me Love\" which charted at #11 on the UK charts in 2009. He is also the founder of Mixmash Records.", "Q72175": "Friedrich Carl Duisberg (29 September 1861 \u2013 19 March 1935) was a German chemist and industrialist.", "Q613059": "The Neville Brothers were an American R&B/soul/funk group, formed in 1977 in New Orleans, Louisiana.", "Q375659": "Oleg Dmitriyevich Kononenko (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; born June 21, 1964 in Turkmenistan) is a Russian cosmonaut. He has flown to the International Space Station four times, as a flight engineer for Expedition 17 aboard Soyuz TMA-12, as a flight engineer on Expedition 30 and commander of Expedition 31 aboard Soyuz TMA-03M, as a flight engineer on Expedition 44 and Expedition 45 aboard Soyuz TMA-17M, and as commander of Expedition 58 and Expedition 59 aboard Soyuz MS-11. Kononenko accumulated over 736 days in orbit during his four long duration flights to ISS.", "Q68892": "Daillens is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Gros-de-Vaud.", "Q324370": "Robert Herjavec (; Croatian: [x\u011brja\u02d0\u028bet\u0361s]; born September 14, 1962) is a Canadian businessman, investor, and celebrity.\nHerjavec founded BRAK Systems, a Canadian integrator of Internet security software, and sold it to AT&T Canada (now Allstream Inc.) in 2000 for $30.2 million. In 2003, he founded The Herjavec Group, now one of the largest information technology and computer security companies in Canada, with over $200 million in annual revenue. He has been featured on the CBC Television series Dragons' Den and ABC's version of the series, Shark Tank, where he is an investor. He has also written books on advancing in business. His net worth is estimated to be $200 million.\nHerjavec received the 2012 Ernst & Young, Ontario Entrepreneur of the Year Award, Technology and the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal by Governor General of Canada \u2013 2012 for Outstanding Service to Canada.", "Q61108": "Alfred Abraham Knopf Sr. (September 12, 1892 \u2013 August 11, 1984) was an American publisher of the 20th century, and founder of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. His contemporaries included the likes of Bennett Cerf and Donald Klopfer, and (of the previous generation) Frank Nelson Doubleday, J. Henry Harper and Henry Holt. Knopf paid special attention to the quality of printing, binding, and design in his books, and earned a reputation as a purist in both content and presentation.", "Q680625": "Sebastian Roth (born 20 September 1971), known by his stage name as Sin With Sebastian, is a German musician/singer/songwriter. Sin With Sebastian came to prominence in 1995 with the Europe-wide hit, \"Shut Up (and Sleep with Me)\", which made it up to number-one in Spain, Austria, Finland, Mexico, and Top 10 in most European countries. In addition, it reached number 26 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart No.44 in the UK Singles Chart. The single and following album, Golden Boy, were co-produced by Inga Humpe and Sebastian Roth.", "Q162389": "Anthony \u201cTony\u201d Curtis (born Bernard Schwartz; June 3, 1925 \u2013 September 29, 2010) was an American film actor whose career spanned six decades but who achieved the height of his popularity in the 1950s and early 1960s. He acted in more than 100 films in roles covering a wide range of genres, from light comedy to serious drama. In his later years, Curtis made numerous television appearances.\nAlthough his early film roles mainly took advantage of his good looks, by the latter half of the 1950s he had demonstrated range and depth in numerous dramatic and comedy roles. In his earliest parts he acted in a string of mediocre films, including swashbucklers, westerns, light comedies, sports films and a musical. However, by the time he starred in Houdini (1953) with his wife Janet Leigh, \"his first clear success,\" notes critic David Thomson, his acting had progressed immensely.He achieved his first serious recognition as a dramatic actor in Sweet Smell of Success (1957) with co-star Burt Lancaster. The following year he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor in The Defiant Ones (1958) alongside Sidney Poitier (who was also nominated in the same category). Curtis then gave what could arguably be called his best performance: three interrelated roles in the comedy Some Like It Hot (1959). Thomson called it an \"outrageous film,\" and an American Film Institute survey voted it the funniest American film ever made. The film co-starred Jack Lemmon and Marilyn Monroe, and was directed by Billy Wilder. That was followed by Blake Edwards\u2019s Operation Petticoat (1959) with Cary Grant. They were both frantic comedies, and displayed his impeccable comic timing. He often collaborated with Edwards on later films. In 1960, Curtis played a supporting role in Spartacus, which became another major hit for him.\nHis stardom and film career declined considerably after 1960. His most significant dramatic part came in 1968 when he starred in the true-life drama The Boston Strangler, which some consider his last major film role. The part reinforced his reputation as a serious actor with his chilling portrayal of serial killer Albert DeSalvo.Curtis also took on the role of the Ukrainian Cossack Andrei in historical action romance epic Taras Bulba in which the lead character was played by Yul Bryner in 1966.\nHe later starred alongside Roger Moore in the ITC TV series The Persuaders!, with Curtis playing American millionaire Danny Wilde. The series ran twenty-four episodes.\nCurtis is the father of actors Jamie Lee Curtis and Kelly Curtis by his first wife, actor Janet Leigh.", "Q113570": "Herbert George Gardner (December 28, 1934 \u2013 September 25, 2003), better known as Herb Gardner, was an American commercial artist, cartoonist, playwright and screenwriter.", "Q60216": "Mohammad Ali al-Abed (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u200e / ALA-LC: Mu\u1e25ammad \u2018Al\u012b al-\u2018\u0100bid; 1867\u20131939), also known as Mehmed Ali Bey, was appointed the first president of Syria (from 11 June 1932 until 21 December 1936) as a nominee of the nationalist Syrian parliament in Damascus after the country received partial recognition of sovereignty from France. France agreed to recognize Syria as a nation under intense nationalist pressure but did not withdraw its troops completely until 1946.", "Q142059": "Julius Fu\u010d\u00edk (Czech: [\u02c8jul\u026ajus \u02c8fut\u0283i\u02d0k]) (23 February 1903 \u2013 8 September 1943) was a Czechoslovak journalist, critc, writer, an active member of Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and part of the forefront of the anti-Nazi resistance. He was imprisoned, tortured, and executed by the Nazis.\nThe composer Luigi Nono wrote a musical piece titled Julius Fu\u010d\u00edk based on the journalist's diary Notes from the Gallows and meant it as a tribute to his resilience in the face of Nazi aggression.", "Q67579": "M\u00fclchi is a former municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of M\u00fclchi, B\u00fcren zum Hof, Etzelkofen, Grafenried, Limpach, Schalunen and Zauggenried merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen.\n\n", "Q2979682": "Gilbert Clotaire Rapaille, known as G Clotaire Rapaille, is a French marketing consultant and the CEO and Founder of Archetype Discoveries Worldwide Rapaille is an accomplished author, having published 17 books with topics ranging from Psychology, Marketing, Sociology and Cultural Anthropology.\n\n", "Q737845": "Sabri Godo (8 August 1929, Delvin\u00eb - 3 December 2011 Tiran\u00eb) was an Albanian writer, conservative politician and screenwriter. He came from a culture-loving family with deep rooted patriotic traditions. Being brought up in the Totaj family from his mother's side, Godo spent his youth in a literary and patriotic environment.", "Q70005": "Noville is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Aigle.", "Q469759": "Liselotte Pulver (born 11 October 1929), sometimes credited as Lilo Pulver, is a Swiss actress. Pulver was one of the stars of German cinema in the 1950s and 1960s, where she often was cast as a tomboy. She is well known for her hearty and joyful laughter.", "Q232260": "Ruth Barbara Rendell, Baroness Rendell of Babergh, (n\u00e9e Grasemann; 17 February 1930 \u2013 2 May 2015) was an English author of thrillers and psychological murder mysteries.Rendell's best-known creation, Chief Inspector Wexford, was the main character of many popular police stories, some of them successfully adapted for TV. A second string of works was a series of unrelated crime novels, that deeply explored the psychological background of criminals and their victims, many of them mentally afflicted or otherwise socially isolated. This theme was developed further in a third series of novels, published under the pseudonym Barbara Vine.\n\n", "Q117716": "Ruth Genner (born January 13, 1956) is a Swiss politician. She was a member of the government of the city of Zurich (2008\u20132014), a member of the Swiss National Council (1998\u20132008) and leader of the Green Party of Switzerland (2001\u20132008). Genner was a member of the Council of Europe and regularly worked with the United Nations as the President of the Inter-European Parliamentary Forum on Population and Development. \nGenner is a food engineer (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology). She was the chairman of the Swiss Aids Federation and in the board of directors of the company bio.inspecta.\n\n", "Q64070": "Dietikon is the fifth biggest city of the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland, after Z\u00fcrich, Winterthur, Uster and D\u00fcbendorf. It is the capital of the same-named district of Dietikon and part of the Z\u00fcrich metropolitan area.", "Q321208": "Matthias William Baldwin (December 10, 1795 \u2013 September 7, 1866) was an American inventor and machinery manufacturer, specializing in the production of steam locomotives. Baldwin's small machine shop, established in 1825, grew to become Baldwin Locomotive Works, one of the largest and most successful locomotive manufacturing firms in the United States. The most famous of the early locomotives was Old Ironsides, built by Matthias Baldwin in 1832.", "Q42909": "A journalist is a person who collects, writes, or distributes news or other current information to the public. A journalist's work is called journalism. From scribes and sailors to printing presses and streamed broadcasts, what it means to be a journalist has evolved over the course of centuries. Traditionally, journalists attend professional schools to learn the specialized skills, law, ethics and theory needed to conduct effective journalism. However, in a changing technological landscape, citizen and blogger journalism has also taken rise.", "Q1058562": "Tamer Hassan (born 18 March 1968) is a British actor of Turkish Cypriot descent, has three brothers and one sister the youngest of the family \u00d6zlem hassan. He is best known for his role as the leader of the Millwall firm, opposite Danny Dyer, in The Football Factory. Hassan has also starred in Batman Begins, Declan O'Brien's Wrong Turn 3: Left For Dead & 2011's Double Jeopardy with Topher Grace.", "Q80484": "Patna (listen), also known as Pataliputra, is the capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India. Patna is the second-largest city in Eastern India after Kolkata. It had an estimated city population of 1.68 million in 2011, making it the 19th largest city in India. With over 2 million people, its urban agglomeration is the 18th largest in India. Patna also serves as the seat of Patna High Court.\nOne of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world, Patna was founded in 490 BCE by the king of Magadha. Ancient Patna, known as Patliputra, was the capital of the Magadh Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Shunga, Gupta and Pala empires. Pataliputra was a seat of learning and fine arts. Patliputra was home to many astronomers and scholars including Aryabhata, V\u0101tsy\u0101yana and Chanakya . Its population during the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) was about 400,000. Patna served as the seat of power, political and cultural centre of Indian subcontinent during the Maurya and Gupta empires. With the fall of Gupta Empire, Patna lost its glory. It was revived again in the 17th century by the British as a centre of international trade. Following the partition of Bengal presidency in 1912, Patna became the capital of Bihar and Orissa Province.The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of river Ganges. The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) in length and 16 to 18 kilometres (9.9 to 11.2 mi) wide. In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna second in India (after Delhi) for ease of starting a business. As of 2015, Patna's per capita gross domestic product is \u20b91,06,000 ($1581). Using figures for assumed average annual growth, Patna is the 21st fastest growing city in the world and 5th fastest growing city in India according to a study by the City Mayors Foundation. Patna registered an average annual growth of 3.72% during 2006\u20132010.The Buddhist, Hindu and Jain pilgrimage centres of Vaishali, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bodh Gaya and Pawapuri are nearby and Patna City is also a sacred city for Sikhs as the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh was born here.", "Q11289975": "S is the fifth novel in the Ring series by Koji Suzuki. It served as the basis of the film Sadako 3D.\nThe novel was released in English on December 19, 2017 under the title S (Es). It was also released in French on April 10, 2014, and is sold under the title Sadako.", "Q682032": "Frederick James Kroesen, Jr. (born February 11, 1923) is a United States Army four-star general and was the Commanding General of the Seventh United States Army and the commander of NATO Central Army Group from 1979 to 1983, and Commanding General, United States Army Forces Command from 1976 to 1978. He also served as Vice Chief of Staff of the Army from 1978 to 1979. He commanded troops in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, enabling him to be one of the very small number who ever was entitled to wear the Combat Infantryman Badge with two Stars, denoting active combat in three wars.", "Q91589": "Christian Heinrich Spiess (4 April 1755 \u2013 17 August 1799) was a German writer of romances.", "Q1528500": "Nil Lara (born 1964) is a Cuban-American musician from Miami, Florida who is a singer, guitarist and songwriter, playing the tres, the six-stringed Cuban guitar, and the cuatro, a Venezuelan guitar.", "Q34647": "Johannesburg ( joh-HAN-iss-burg, also US: -\u2060HAHN-; Afrikaans: [j\u028a\u0259\u02c8\u0266an\u0259sb\u0153r\u03c7]; Zulu and Xhosa: eGoli), informally known as Jozi, Joburg or \"the city of gold\", is the largest city in South Africa and one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world. It is the provincial capital and largest city of Gauteng, which is the wealthiest province in South Africa. Johannesburg is the seat of the Constitutional Court. The city is located in the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills and is the centre of large-scale gold and diamond trade. It was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.\nThe metropolis is an alpha global city as listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. In 2019, the population of the city of Johannesburg was 5,635,127, making it the most populous city in South Africa. In the same year, the population of Johannesburg's urban agglomeration was put at 8,000,000. land area of the municipal city (1,645 km2 or 635 sq mi) is large in comparison with those of other major cities, resulting in a moderate population density of 2,364 per square kilometre (6,120/sq mi).\nThe city was established in 1886 following the discovery of gold on what had been a farm. Due to the extremely large gold deposit found along the Witwatersrand, within ten years, the population had grown to 100,000 inhabitants.\nA separate city from the late 1970s until 1994, Soweto is now part of Johannesburg. Originally an acronym for \"South-Western Townships\", Soweto originated as a collection of settlements on the outskirts of Johannesburg, populated mostly by native African workers from the gold mining industry. Soweto, although eventually incorporated into Johannesburg, had been separated as a residential area for Blacks, who were not permitted to live in Johannesburg proper. Lenasia is predominantly populated by English-speaking South Africans of Indian descent. These areas were designated as non-white areas in accordance with the segregationist policies of the South African government known as Apartheid.", "Q318489": "Bram Cohen (born October 12, 1975) is an American computer programmer, best known as the author of the peer-to-peer (P2P) BitTorrent protocol, as well as the first file sharing program to use the protocol, also known as BitTorrent. He is also the co-founder of CodeCon and organizer of the San Francisco Bay Area P2P-hackers meeting, and was the co-author of Codeville.", "Q3102015": "George Winthrop Fairchild (May 6, 1854 \u2013 December 31, 1924), was a six-term Republican U.S. Representative from New York. Prior to joining congress, he was a businessman and investor, best known as the chairman from 1915 to 1924 of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company which later became IBM.", "Q101174": "Professor Joachim Zahn (born Wuppertal 24 January 1914, died Munich 8 October 2002) was the chairman of Daimler Benz AG between 1971 and 1979.\nZahn was the youngest of four sons of a Wuppertal Lawyer. He himself studied law at T\u00fcbingen and later obtained a doctorate at Cologne based on a study on the limits of credit insurance. During the Second World War he served as an army officer in Russia and Italy. His career in commerce and industry began in 1947, and in 1958 he joined Daimler Benz as Financial Director. In 1965 he was appointed speaker of the management board, and became chairman of the main board in 1971. His time at the top was noteworthy, among other things, for the building of Europe's largest truck factory, at W\u00f6rth (between Karlsruhe and the frontier with France at Wissembourg). Although he took over the company's chairmanship shortly before the economic crisis triggered by the 1973 oil shortages, the second part of his chairmanship coincided with a continuing period of profitable growth for the company which was able to accumulate substantial financial reserves: these would play an important part in the company's progress under subsequent leaders. Zahn himself remained actively involved with the business until his death, during his final years as an advisor to J\u00fcrgen Schrempp.\nZahn's period at the helm was one of growth for Daimler-Benz. Between 1967 and 1976 passenger car output more than doubled, with an average annual growth rate of 6.9% during a decade when the overall growth rate of the German auto-industry was 2.3%. The company's growth in the bus and truck sector outran that of the industry as a whole by an even greater margin.In 1973 he was awarded an honorary professorship by the regional government of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, giving rise to the misguided impression in English speaking countries that Germany's leading manufacturer of trucks and luxury cars was being led by an academic. He is better thought of as an expert in finance and taxation with a formidable and clear intellect, and a capacity to inspire affection and respect in colleagues.Remarkably, all four of the Zahn brothers from Wuppertal became captains of industry. This prompted banker Hermann Josef Abs to quip that there were so many teeth in the German economy that it was reasonable to speak of a complete bite. ('Zahn' is the German word for 'tooth'.)", "Q1706651": "The Miami Herald is a daily newspaper owned by the McClatchy Company and headquartered in Doral, Florida, a city in western Miami-Dade County and the Miami metropolitan area, several miles west of downtown Miami. Founded in 1903, it is the second largest newspaper in South Florida, serving Miami-Dade, Broward, and Monroe Counties. It once circulated throughout all of Florida, Latin America and the Caribbean.\n\n", "Q233618": "Maria Menounos (, Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u039c\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2; born June 8, 1978) is an American entertainment reporter, television personality, professional wrestler, actress, and businesswoman. She has hosted Extra and E! News, and served as a TV correspondent for Today, Access Hollywood, and co-hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 in Athens, Greece. She also co-created and is currently CEO of online podcast series network AfterBuzz TV. She is currently signed to WWE where she has served as an ambassador since 2013. She hosts the podcast Conversations with Maria Menounos.", "Q193370": "Montreuil (French pronunciation: [m\u0254\u0303t\u0281\u0153j] (listen)), sometimes unofficially called Montreuil-sous-Bois, is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 6.6 km (4.1 mi) from the center of Paris. It is the fourth most populous suburb of Paris (after Boulogne-Billancourt, Saint-Denis and Argenteuil). Montreuil is located near the Bois de Vincennes park.", "Q637689": "Lyonel Trouillot (born Port-au-Prince, Haiti, on 31 December 1956) is a novelist and poet in French and Haitian Creole, a journalist and a professor of French and Creole literature in Port-au-Prince.\n\n", "Q573715": "Louis Stanislas de Girardin (19 January 1762 - February 1827) was a French general, prefect, and deputy.", "Q111401": "Werner Johannes Hilpert (17 January 1897 in Leipzig; died 24 February 1957 in Oberursel) was a German politician of the Centre Party and CDU, and is largely considered one of the founding fathers of the Federal Republic of Germany.", "Q222715": "Juan Calzadilla (Altagracia de Orituco, 1931) is a Venezuelan poet, painter, and art critic.", "Q461463": "Elisabeta Polihroniade (Romanian pronunciation: [elisa\u02c8beta polihroni\u02c8ade]; n\u00e9e Ionescu; 24 April 1935 \u2013 23 January 2016) was a Romanian chess player holding the title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM), and an International Arbiter (1986). She was born in Bucharest.\nShe won the Romanian Women's Championship in 1966, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1976 and 1977. Polihroniade played for Romania in the Women's Chess Olympiads of 1966, 1969, 1972, 1974, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986 and 1988.Her peak rating was 2310, achieved in January 1988, while the last one was 2195.\nPolihroniade was a journalist and broadcaster, with her own daily radio programme on contemporary culture. She was the editor of Gambit, the Romanian chess magazine, and wrote many books.", "Q128280": "ATO Records (or According to Our Records) is an American independent record label based in New York City. The label was founded in 2000 by Dave Matthews and manager Coran Capshaw, and is run by Jon Salter.\nATO's roster includes Alabama Shakes, Rodrigo Y Gabriela, Brandi Carlile, Joseph, King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard, Hurray for the Riff Raff, Benjamin Booker, Lee Ann Womack, SOJA, Okkervil River, Blind Pilot, Old 97's, Drive-By Truckers, Primus, Margaret Glaspy, The Claypool Lennon Delirium, J Roddy Walston and the Business, Amyl and the Sniffers, Joseph and My Morning Jacket.\nThe label also operates a sublabel, TBD Records, which was founded in 2007 and is best known for being the North American distributor for two Radiohead albums.ATO is distributed in the US by Universal's Fontana Distribution and by PIAS Group in Europe.", "Q12680": "Joseph Athanase Doumer, commonly known as Paul Doumer (French pronunciation: \u200b[p\u0254l dum\u025b\u02d0\u0280]; 22 March 1857 \u2013 7 May 1932), was the President of France from 13 June 1931 until his assassination on 7 May 1932.\n\n", "Q264740": "Jade Cerisa Lorraine Goody (5 June 1981 \u2013 22 March 2009) was an English reality television personality. She entered the public spotlight in the third series of the then-Channel 4 programme Big Brother in 2002, an appearance which led to her own television programmes and the introduction of her products after her eviction from the show.Immediately criticised by the British press for her perceived lack of decorum and intelligence, Goody was dubbed by multiple outlets as \"the most hated woman in Britain\". The country's celebrity magazines were less derisive, publishing reports of her affable nature and competent school performance from those who knew her. Public opinion of Goody reached its most negative in January 2007, however, when she was the perpetrator of racial bullying towards Indian actress Shilpa Shetty while appearing as a housemate on Celebrity Big Brother 5. Following her eviction, Goody made a number of apologies, but continued to garner negative public reactions.In August 2008, Goody appeared on the Indian version of Big Brother, Bigg Boss, but left the show early and returned to the UK after learning that she had cervical cancer. By February 2009, the cancer had metastasized, and Goody was terminally ill. She married fellow Celebrity Big Brother contestant Jack Tweed on 22 February 2009, and died one month later, in the early hours of 22 March 2009, at the age of 27.Public opinion of Goody had softened by the time of her death. Sky Living broadcast five tribute shows from 2009 to 2012, documenting her life from early childhood through her rise to fame and her final months. The last episode of Big Brother on Channel 4 featured a 15-minute tribute to Goody, praising her as the ultimate Big Brother contestant. She was one of several people to appear on the front cover of the final edition of News of the World on 10 July 2011.", "Q326201": "Jack Dangers (born John Stephen Corrigan, 11 January 1965) is an English electronic musician, DJ, producer, and remixer best known for his work as the primary member of Meat Beat Manifesto. He lives in San Francisco.\n\n", "Q329132": "Steve Bailey (born February 10, 1960) is an American bassist who is famous for his pioneering work with the six string fretless bass. He was voted runner up for \"Bass Player Of The Year\" in 1994 and 1996. In 2012 and 2013, Steve toured with Victor Wooten on the Sword and Stone/Words and Tones tour, playing electric bass, upright, keyboards, and trombone.\nSteve began playing the bass guitar at age 12 and started playing fretless bass after he ran over his fretted Stuart Spector with his car. Bailey not only plays electric bass, but he also plays double bass; he started playing upright after hearing Stanley Clarke playing with Return to Forever. Steve received full scholarships to both North Texas State University and University of Miami. Steve is currently Chair of the Bass Department at the Berklee College of Music.He is also an Artist in Residence at Coastal Carolina University. He has previously been a faculty member at Coastal Carolina University and the University of North Carolina Wilmington. He was also a faculty member at Hollywood's BIT for 10 years. He has done extensive work as a studio musician, as well as numerous collaborations including several albums with fellow bassist Victor Wooten. Steve is a core contributor to Victor Wooten's Bass/Nature Camp, which helps to teach bassists of all ranges. He is an avid tennis player and surfer, and also a Warwick Signature Artist.\nBoston (Berklee) and Myrtle Beach (Tree House Studio) are Steve's primary residences.\nSteve has pre-released 3 tracks from his upcoming 18 song release, which features all Duets, with Willie Nelson, Becca Stevens, Ian Anderson, Ron Carter, Mike Stern, Dennis Chambers, Victor Wooten, Howard Levy, Anthony Jackson, and others. The Full release is set for Summer 2019.", "Q2017043": "Th\u00e9odore Vienne, also known as Th\u00e9o Vienne, (28 July 1864 \u2013 1 March 1921) was a textile manufacturer in Roubaix who with Maurice Perez founded the Paris\u2013Roubaix cycle race in 1896 (One of the oldest cycle races in the world.).\nVienne was born in Roubaix France on 28 July 1864. He was a sports entrepreneur, building Roubaix velodrome and the town's bullfighting ring. He also promoted Greco-Roman wrestling, professional boxing and billiards. He was described by the New York Times as \"the leading fight promoter of France.\" He owned the Grande Roue de Paris (then the largest Ferris wheel in the world) and founded the 'Wonderland Fran\u00e7ais' sports arena in Luna Park, Paris.", "Q956646": "Rade Vr\u010dakovski (Macedonian: \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0412\u0440\u0447\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 [\u02c8ra\u02d0d\u025b vr\u0329\u02c8t\u0361\u0283ak\u0254fski] (listen); born 17 November 1980 in Strumica) better known by his stage name Vr\u010dak (\u0412\u0440\u0447\u0430\u043a) is a Macedonian pop-rap performer, songwriter and physician.\nHe represented Macedonia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2008, performing the song \"Let Me Love You\" along with Tamara Todevska and Adrian Gaxha.\n\n", "Q118343": "Rapha\u00ebl Comte (born 28 September 1979) is a Swiss lawyer and politician. He has served as a member of the Council of States since 1 March 2010, and was its president from 2015 to 2016.A member of the Swiss delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since 2012, Comte serves as member of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights and the Committee on Culture, Science, Education and Media. In addition, he is currently the Assembly's rapporteur on human rights in Ukraine as well as on the protection and preservation of Jewish heritage sites.", "Q1323168": "Mont Tondu is a mountain of Savoie, France. It lies in the Mont Blanc Massif and has an elevation of 3,196 metres (10,486 ft) above sea level.", "Q1974190": "Diran Alexanian (Armenian: \u054f\u056b\u0580\u0561\u0576 \u0531\u056c\u0565\u0584\u057d\u0561\u0576\u0565\u0561\u0576) (1881, Constantinople \u2013 1954, Chamonix, France) was an Armenian cello teacher. He studied cello with Friedrich Gr\u00fctzmacher in Leipzig, as well as played chamber music with Johannes Brahms and violinist Joseph Joachim. At a young age he was an accomplished cellist, performing at age seventeen the solo part of Richard Strauss's Don Quixote.At age twenty, Alexanian settled in Paris, where he met Pablo Casals. Casals had seen Alexanian perform, and noticed that Alexanian's fingering was in line with his new way of playing the cello. They got to know one another, finding they had similar views on general technique and interpretation of music.In 1921, Alexanian became the assistant to Casals at the \u00c9cole Normale de Musique (founded in 1919 by Alfred Cortot and Auguste Mangeot, where Casals was a teacher, as well as Jacques Thibaud. There, he and Casals put their revolutionary ideas into practice. Students from around the world came to study with him at this time, including Gabriel Cusson, Maurice Eisenberg, Antonio Janigro, Gregor Piatigorsky, Hidayat Inayat Khan, Pierre Fournier, and Emmanuel Feuermann. During his tenure at the school, Alexanian published his 1922 book on cello technique, Traite Theorique et Pratique du Violoncelle, as well as his famous edition of the Bach Suites in 1929. In a concert at the \u00c9cole 1933 he premiered Frederick Jacobi's Concerto (Three Psalms) for Cello and Orchestra (which Jacobi had dedicated to Alexanian), under conductor Alfred Cortot.Alexanian abandoned his position at the \u00c9cole in 1937, and moved to the United States. There he taught both at the Peabody Institute in Baltimore, and the Manhattan School of Music in New York City. There his students included Bernard Greenhouse, David Soyer, George Ricci, Raya Garbousova, David Wells, and Mischa Schneider.", "Q2118402": "German punk is punk rock music and punk subculture in Germany since punk music became popular in the 1970s.", "Q530638": "Jos\u00e9 Barnab\u00e9 de Mesquita (March 10, 1892, Cuiab\u00e1 \u2013 June 22, 1961, Cuiab\u00e1), generally known as Jos\u00e9 de Mesquita, was a Brazilian poet parnassian, romance and short story writer, historiographer, journalist, essayist, genealogist and jurist.", "Q165380": "Hann. M\u00fcnden (short for Hannoversch M\u00fcnden) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. M\u00fcnden lies in the district of G\u00f6ttingen at the confluence of the Fulda and Werra rivers, which join to form the Weser. It has about 24,000 inhabitants (2013). It is famous for its half-timbered houses, some of them more than 600 years old.", "Q181774": "Ray Milland (born Alfred Reginald Jones; 3 January 1907 \u2013 10 March 1986) was a Welsh actor and film director who held both British and American citizenship. His screen career ran from 1929 to 1985, and he is best remembered for his Academy Award-winning portrayal of an alcoholic writer in The Lost Weekend (1945), a sophisticated leading man opposite John Wayne's corrupt character in Reap the Wild Wind (1942), the murder-plotting husband in Alfred Hitchcock's Dial M for Murder (1954), and Oliver Barrett III in Love Story (1970).Before becoming an actor, Milland served in the Household Cavalry of the British Army, becoming a proficient marksman, horseman, and aeroplane pilot. He left the army to follow a career in acting and appeared as an extra in several British productions before getting his first major role in The Flying Scotsman (1929). This led to a nine-month contract with MGM, and he moved to the United States, where he appeared as a stock actor. After being released by MGM, he was picked up by Paramount, which used Milland in a range of lesser speaking parts, normally as an English character. He was lent to Universal for a film called Three Smart Girls (1936), and its success had Milland given a lead role in The Jungle Princess (also 1936) alongside new starlet Dorothy Lamour. The film was a big success and catapulted both to stardom. Milland remained with Paramount for almost 20 years.\nIn addition to his Oscar-winning role in The Lost Weekend, Milland is also remembered for the films The Major and the Minor (1942), The Big Clock (1948), and The Thief (1952), the last of which had him nominated for his second Golden Globe. After leaving Paramount, he began directing and ended his career moving into television. Milland, who was at one time Paramount Pictures' highest-paid actor, co-starred alongside many of the most popular actresses of the time, including Gene Tierney, Grace Kelly, Lana Turner, Marlene Dietrich, Ginger Rogers, Jane Wyman, Loretta Young, and Veronica Lake.\n\n", "Q2899004": "James William Ellsworth (October 13, 1849 \u2013 June 2, 1925) was an American industrialist and a Pennsylvania coal mine owner. The coal town of Ellsworth, Pennsylvania is named after him. He also served as president of the Caxton Club and the Jekyll Island Club.\nEllsworth married Eva Francis Butler on November 4, 1874. They had two children, Lincoln and Claire. But Mrs. Ellsworth died in 1888 at the age of 36. In 1895, Ellsworth married a second time to Julia Clarke Fincke. The second Mrs. Ellsworth lived to be 74 years old; she died in 1921.\nIn 1907, following the completion of the Monongahela Railway, Ellsworth sold the coal mines to Bethlehem Steel and purchased the Villa Palmieri, Fiesole, in part to further his interests as a collector of art and rare coins.His son, Lincoln Ellsworth, was a pilot in the Amundsen-Ellsworth Polar Flying Expedition of May 1925 which Ellsworth sponsored. In 1925, Ellsworth died of bronchial pneumonia at his villa near Florence, while awaiting the news of his son's safety.\n\n", "Q94397": "Josef \"Beppo\" Afritsch (13 March 1901 - 25 August 1964) was an Austrian horticulturalist who became a politician (SP\u00d6). Between 1959 and 1963 he served as the country's Interior minister.In 1964, just a few weeks before his sudden death, a rose was named after him, \"Minister Afritsch\".", "Q239453": "Leslie Louise Bibb (born November 17, 1974) is an American actress and model. Bibb transitioned into film and television during the late 1990s, first appearing on television in 1996 with minor roles in a few television series, while first appearing on film in 1997 with a small role in Private Parts. She scored her first recurring role in the TV show The Big Easy (1997), before her role as Brooke McQueen on the WB Network dramedy series Popular brought her to the attention of a wider audience; she received a Teen Choice Award for Television Choice Actress for the role. She has also appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Christine Everhart in the films Iron Man and Iron Man 2, with the character reappearing in several viral marketing campaigns as the host of the fictional WHIH Newsfront.", "Q26525": "Drammen is a city in Viken, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the eastern and most populated part of Norway.", "Q95089": "Ginger Rogers (born Virginia Katherine McMath; July 16, 1911 \u2013 April 25, 1995) was an American actress, dancer, and singer. She won an Academy Award for her starring role in Kitty Foyle (1940), but is best remembered for performing during the 1930s in RKO's musical films (partnered with Fred Astaire). Her career continued on stage, radio, and television throughout much of the 20th century.\nBorn in Independence, Missouri, and raised in Kansas City, Rogers and her family moved to Fort Worth, Texas, when she was nine years old. After winning a 1925 Charleston dance contest that launched a successful vaudeville career, she gained recognition as a Broadway actress for her debut stage role in Girl Crazy. This led to a contract with Paramount Pictures, which ended after five films. Rogers had her first successful film role as a supporting actress in 42nd Street (1933). Rogers made nine films in the 1930s with Astaire, which were some of her biggest successes such as Swing Time (1936) and Top Hat (1935). After two commercial failures with Astaire, Rogers began to branch out into dramatic and comedy films. Her acting was well received by critics and audiences as she became one of the biggest box-office draws and highest paid actresses of the 1940s. Her performance in Kitty Foyle (1940) won her the Academy Award for Best Actress.Rogers\u2019 popularity had peaked by the end of the decade. She reunited with Astaire in 1949 in the commercially successful The Barkleys of Broadway. After an unsuccessful period in the 1950s, Rogers returned to Broadway in 1965, playing the lead role in Hello, Dolly! More lead roles on Broadway followed, along with her stage directorial debut in 1985 on an off-Broadway production of Babes in Arms. Rogers also made television acting appearances until 1987. In 1992, Rogers was recognized at the Kennedy Center Honors. She died of a heart attack in 1995, at the age of 83.\nRogers is associated with the phrase \"backwards and in high heels\", which is attributed to Bob Thaves' Frank and Ernest 1982 cartoon with the caption \"Sure he [Astaire] was great, but don't forget that Ginger Rogers did everything he did...backwards and in high heels\". This phrase is sometimes incorrectly attributed to Ann Richards, who used it in her keynote address to the 1988 Democratic National Convention.A Republican and a devout Christian Scientist, Rogers married five times with all of them ending in divorce, and having no children. During her long career, Rogers made 73 films, and her musical films with Fred Astaire are credited with revolutionizing the genre. Rogers was a major movie star during the Golden Age of Hollywood, and is often considered an American icon. She ranks number 14 on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars list of female stars of classic American cinema. Rogers' autobiography Ginger: My Story was published in 1991.", "Q4207172": "Tunku Tan Sri Abdullah ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman (2 May 1925 \u2013 20 August 2008) was a Malaysian businessman and a founder of the Melewar Group.", "Q76312": "Rainer Maria Schr\u00f6der, (born January 3, 1951 in Rostock), is a German author of adventure fiction for juveniles, mystery thrillers and historical novels for adults. He also writes under the pseudonym Ashley Carrington and Raymond M. Sheridan.\nHis books sold more than 6 million copies to date. Rainer Maria Schr\u00f6der received the Friedrich-Gerst\u00e4cker-Preis for his historical novel Abby Lynn - Verbannt ans Ende der Welt in 1988. In 1998 the Federal Agency for Civic Education voted his novel Unter dem Jacarandabaum one of the 100 novels most worth reading of 20th century world literature. The same year he was awarded the 3rd International Eifel-Literaturpreis for Das Geheimnis der wei\u00dfen M\u00f6nche. In 2003 the novel Das Geheimnis des Kartenmachers received both the Literature Award of the Youth Book Jury Moers as well as the distincion \"Book of the Month\" by the Youth Book committee G\u00f6ttingen. In 2005 he received the renowned youth book award Buxtehude Bull for the novel Die Lagune der Galeeren.\nThe works of Rainer Maria Schr\u00f6der have been translated into more than a dozen languages, among them French, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, Polish, Turkish, Czech, Slovakian, Latvian, Dutch, Japanese and Russian.", "Q463274": "Leonard Orban (born 28 June 1961) is a Romanian independent technocrat who served as the Commissioner for Multilingualism in the European Commission, the executive body of the European Union (EU). He was responsible for the EU language policy and was the first Romanian Commissioner and the first member of the Commission whose portfolio is exclusively multilingualism. His term of office began on 1 January 2007 and ended on 9 February 2010. With a background in engineering and economics, Orban has taken up various posts working for the accession of Romania to the European Union, most prominently as Deputy and later as Chief Negotiator for his country at the time of final negotiations with the European Union.\nSteering the multilingualism language policy of the EU, Orban focused on promoting foreign language learning through EU programmes such as the Lifelong Learning Programme 2007\u20132013. In addition, his remit also included the effective functioning of the EU's extensive interpretation, translation and publication services in the 23 official languages. To support the remit of his portfolio, Orban oversaw a staff of 3,400 in total (approximately 15 per cent of the Brussels executive's workforce) and approximately 1 per cent of the EU budget.\nThough unaffiliated to any political party, Orban adheres to liberalism. He supports Romania's closer European integration and a strong European Union, and were in favour of the relaunch of the frozen Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe without modifications to the original text.\nBetween 2011 and 2012 he was the Romanian Minister of European Affairs in the second Boc, Ungureanu and first Ponta cabinets.", "Q1702351": "Johnny Klimek (born 18 August 1962) is an Australian musician, music producer, and composer, best known for his innovative work in the underground electronica music scene and for his film scores.", "Q700757": "The Diet of Hungary or originally: Parlamentum Publicum / Parlamentum Generale (Hungarian: Orsz\u00e1ggy\u0171l\u00e9s) became the supreme legislative institution in the medieval kingdom of Hungary from the 1290s, and in its successor states, Royal Hungary and the Habsburg kingdom of Hungary throughout the Early Modern period. The name of the legislative body was originally \"Parlamentum\" during the Middle Ages, the \"Diet\" expression gained mostly in the Early Modern period. It convened at regular intervals with interruptions during the period of 1527 to 1918, and again until 1946.\nThe articles of the 1790 diet set out that the diet should meet at least once every 3 years, but, since the diet was called by the Habsburg monarchy, this promise was not kept on several occasions thereafter. As a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, it was reconstituted in 1867.\nThe Latin term Natio Hungarica (\"Hungarian nation\") was used to designate the political elite which had participation in the medieval and early modern era Parliaments, (consisting of the 1/ Roman Catholic Clergy, 2/ the nobility, 3/ the envoys of cities who were elected by the people of the Royal Free Cities) and the members of the county assemblies of the kingdom, regardless of mother tongue or ethnicity of the person. Natio Hungarica was a geographic, institutional and juridico-political category.", "Q323379": "Hal Michael Ketchum (born April 9, 1953) is an American country music artist. He has released eleven studio albums since 1986, including nine for divisions of Curb Records. Ketchum's 1991 album Past the Point of Rescue is his most commercially successful, having been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. Between 1991 and 2006 Ketchum had seventeen entries on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including three that reached the number two position: his debut single \"Small Town Saturday Night\", \"Past the Point of Rescue\", and \"Hearts Are Gonna Roll\". Ketchum's music is defined by his songwriting and folk music influences. Ketchum retired from the music business in 2019 following a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.", "Q40878": "Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements each day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and irritable behaviour. This can progress to decreased urination, loss of skin color, a fast heart rate, and a decrease in responsiveness as it becomes more severe. Loose but non-watery stools in babies who are exclusively breastfed, however, are normal.The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacteria, or parasite\u2014a condition also known as gastroenteritis. These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by feces, or directly from another person who is infected. The three types of diarrhea are: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and persistent diarrhea (lasting more than two weeks, which can be either watery or bloody). The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to cholera, although this is rare in the developed world. If blood is present, it is also known as dysentery. A number of non-infectious causes can result in diarrhea. These include lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis, hyperthyroidism, bile acid diarrhea, and a number of medications. In most cases, stool cultures to confirm the exact cause are not required.Diarrhea can be prevented by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months and vaccination against rotavirus is also recommended. Oral rehydration solution (ORS)\u2014clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar\u2014is the treatment of choice. Zinc tablets are also recommended. These treatments have been estimated to have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years. When people have diarrhea it is recommended that they continue to eat healthy food and babies continue to be breastfed. If commercial ORS is not available, homemade solutions may be used. In those with severe dehydration, intravenous fluids may be required. Most cases; however, can be managed well with fluids by mouth. Antibiotics, while rarely used, may be recommended in a few cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites in their stool. Loperamide may help decrease the number of bowel movements but is not recommended in those with severe disease.About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year. It is most common in developing countries, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year. Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013\u2014down from 2.58 million in 1990. In 2012, it was the second most common cause of deaths in children younger than five (0.76 million or 11%). Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age. Other long term problems that can result include stunted growth and poor intellectual development.", "Q2909403": "Gil Shwed (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc \u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05d3; born 1968) is an Israeli software engineer, inventor and entrepreneur. He is the co-founder and CEO of Check Point Software Technologies Ltd, one of Israel's largest technology companies and the world's largest pure-play cybersecurity company.", "Q69232": "Walther Schreiber (10 June 1884, Wipperdorf \u2013 30 June 1958) was a German politician and was Mayor of West Berlin from 1953 to 1955.\nHe was a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) Party.", "Q423644": "Ala al-D\u012bn Ali ibn Muhammed (1403 \u2013 16 December 1474), known as Ali Qushji (Ottoman Turkish/Persian language: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u0634\u0686\u06cc, ku\u015f\u00e7u \u2013 falconer in Turkish; Latin: Ali Kushgii) was an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand, who settled in the Ottoman Empire some time before 1472. As a disciple of Ulugh Beg, he is best known for the development of astronomical physics independent from natural philosophy, and for providing empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation in his treatise, Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy. In addition to his contributions to Ulugh Beg's famous work Zij-i-Sultani and to the founding of Sahn-\u0131 Seman Medrese, one of the first centers for the study of various traditional Islamic sciences in the Ottoman caliphate, Ali Ku\u015f\u00e7u was also the author of several scientific works and textbooks on astronomy.", "Q706332": "John Marty Stuart (born September 30, 1958) is a multiple Grammy Award-winning, American country music singer-songwriter, known for both his traditional style, and eclectic merging of rockabilly, honky-tonk, and traditional country music. In the early 1990s, he had a string of country hits.", "Q432991": "Henry Luse Fuqua, Sr. (November 8, 1865 \u2013 October 11, 1926), was an American businessman and, for his last two and a half years, a governor of Louisiana. During 1924, Fuqua defeated both Huey Pierce Long, Jr., and former Speaker of the Louisiana House of Representatives Hewitt Leonidas Bouanchaud to succeed John M. Parker in the state's governorship. He died halfway into his term, and lieutenant governor Oramel H. Simpson took over the top post.", "Q84190": "Alfred \"Fred\" Sinowatz (5 February 1929 \u2013 11 August 2008) was an Austrian politician of the Social Democratic Party (SP\u00d6), who served as Chancellor of Austria from 1983 to 1986. Prior to becoming Chancellor, he had served as Minister of Education from 1971 to 1983 and Vice-Chancellor from 1981 to 1983.\nAfter a three-years term in office, Sinowatz resigned as Chancellor after Kurt Waldheim's victory in the 1986 presidential election.", "Q165394": "Bowling for Columbine is a 2002 American documentary film written, produced, directed, and narrated by Michael Moore. The film explores what Moore suggests are the primary causes for the Columbine High School massacre in 1999 and other acts of gun violence. He focuses on the background and environment in which the massacre took place and some common public opinions and assumptions about related issues. The film also looks into the nature of violence in the United States.\nA critical and commercial success, the film brought Moore international attention as a rising filmmaker and won numerous awards, including the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, the Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary Feature, a special 55th Anniversary Prize at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival, and the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Foreign Film. The film is considered one of the greatest documentary films of all time.", "Q374235": "Uranus is a 1990 French comedy-drama film with G\u00e9rard Depardieu about post-World War II recovery in a small French village, as the controlling French Communist Party tries to dispose of P\u00e9tain loyalists.\nIt was directed and written by Claude Berri and Arlette Langmann, based on a novel by Marcel Aym\u00e9. The film was entered into the 41st Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q76306": "Umar Wirahadikusumah (10 October 1924 \u2013 21 March 2003) was an Indonesian politician and retired army general who served as the country's fourth vice president, serving from 1983 to 1988.", "Q105460": "Henry John Deutschendorf Jr. (December 31, 1943 \u2013 October 12, 1997), known professionally as John Denver, was an American singer-songwriter, record producer, actor, activist, and humanitarian, whose greatest commercial success was as a solo singer. After traveling and living in numerous locations while growing up in his military family, Denver began his music career with folk music groups during the late 1960s. Starting in the 1970s, he was one of the most popular acoustic artists of the decade and one of its best-selling artists. By 1974, he was one of America's best-selling performers, and AllMusic has described Denver as \"among the most beloved entertainers of his era\".Denver recorded and released approximately 300 songs, about 200 of which he composed, with total sales of over 33 million records worldwide. He recorded and performed primarily with an acoustic guitar and sang about his joy in nature, his disdain for city life, his enthusiasm for music, and his relationship trials. Denver's music appeared on a variety of charts, including country music, the Billboard Hot 100, and adult contemporary, in all earning 12 gold and four platinum albums with his signature songs \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\", \"Annie's Song\", \"Rocky Mountain High\", \"Calypso\", \"Thank God I'm a Country Boy\", and \"Sunshine on My Shoulders\".\nDenver appeared in several films and television specials during the 1970s and 1980s. He continued to record in the 1990s, also focusing on environmental issues by lending vocal support to space exploration and testifying in front of Congress in protest against censorship in music. He lived in Aspen for much of his life where he was known for his love of Colorado. In 1974, Denver was named poet laureate of the state. The Colorado state legislature also adopted \"Rocky Mountain High\" as one of its two state songs in 2007.\nAn avid pilot, Denver died at the age of 53 in a single-fatality crash while piloting his recently purchased light plane.\n\n", "Q101606": "Karl Bischoff (9 August 1897 \u2013 2 October 1950) was a German architect, engineer and SS-Sturmbannf\u00fchrer. He served at Auschwitz as chief of the Central Construction Office of the Waffen-SS. While there he was chief of construction of the Auschwitz II-Birkenau camp.", "Q297804": "Liliane Henriette Charlotte Bettencourt (French pronunciation: \u200b[lil.jan be.t\u0251\u0303.ku\u02d0\u0281]; n\u00e9e Schueller; 21 October 1922 \u2013 21 September 2017) was a French heiress, socialite and businesswoman. She was one of the principal shareholders of L'Or\u00e9al.\nAt the time of her death, she was the richest woman, and the 14th richest person in the world, with a net worth of US$44.3 billion.", "Q9387": "Maximilian Karl Emil Weber (; German: [\u02c8ve\u02d0b\u0250]; 21 April 1864 \u2013 14 June 1920) was a German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist. He is one of the most important theorists on the development of modern Western society. His ideas profoundly influenced social theory and social research. Weber is often cited, with \u00c9mile Durkheim and Karl Marx, as among the three founders of sociology. Weber was a key proponent of methodological anti-positivism, arguing for the study of social action through interpretive (rather than purely empiricist) means, based on understanding the purpose and meaning that individuals attach to their own actions. Unlike Durkheim, he did not believe in monocausal explanations and rather proposed that for any outcome there can be multiple causes.Weber's main intellectual concern was understanding the processes of rationalisation, secularisation, and \"disenchantment\", which he associated with the rise of capitalism and modernity. He saw these as the result of a new way of thinking about the world. Weber is best known for his thesis combining economic sociology and the sociology of religion, elaborated in his book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, in which he proposed that ascetic Protestantism was one of the major \"elective affinities\" associated with the rise in the Western world of market-driven capitalism and the rational-legal nation-state. He argued that it was in the basic tenets of Protestantism to boost capitalism. Thus, it can be said that the spirit of capitalism is inherent to Protestant religious values.\nAgainst Marx's historical materialism, Weber emphasised the importance of cultural influences embedded in religion as a means for understanding the genesis of capitalism. The Protestant Ethic formed the earliest part in Weber's broader investigations into world religion; he went on to examine the religions of China, the religions of India and ancient Judaism, with particular regard to their differing economic consequences and conditions of social stratification. In another major work, \"Politics as a Vocation\", Weber defined the state as an entity that successfully claims a \"monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory\". He was also the first to categorise social authority into distinct forms, which he labelled as charismatic, traditional, and rational-legal. His analysis of bureaucracy emphasised that modern state institutions are increasingly based on rational-legal authority.\nWeber also made a variety of other contributions in economic history, as well as economic theory and methodology. Weber's analysis of modernity and rationalisation significantly influenced the critical theory associated with the Frankfurt School. After the First World War, he was among the founders of the liberal German Democratic Party. He also ran unsuccessfully for a seat in parliament and served as advisor to the committee that drafted the ill-fated democratic Weimar Constitution of 1919. After contracting Spanish flu, he died of pneumonia in 1920, aged 56.\n\n", "Q106169": "Detlef Grumbach (born 1955 in Detmold) is a German author and journalist.", "Q62373": "Max Bense (February 7, 1910 in Strasbourg \u2013 April 29, 1990 in Stuttgart) was a German philosopher, writer, and publicist, known for his work in philosophy of science, logic, aesthetics, and semiotics. His thoughts combine natural sciences, art, and philosophy under a collective perspective and follow a definition of reality, which \u2013 under the term existential rationalism \u2013 is able to remove the separation between humanities and natural sciences.\n\n", "Q96594": "Albert H\u00e4nel (10 June 1833, in Leipzig \u2013 12 May 1918, in Kiel) was a German jurist, legal historian and liberal politician. He was one of the leaders of the German Progress Party, and served as Rector of the University of Kiel. He served as a member of the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, the Reichstag of the North German Confederation and the Imperial Reichstag, and was Vice President of both the Prussian Chamber of Deputies and the Imperial Reichstag.", "Q1810364": "Henry Lehman (born Hayum Lehmann; September 29, 1822 \u2013 November 17, 1855) was a German-born American businessman and the founder of Lehman Brothers financial services, which declared bankruptcy in 2008.", "Q264754": "Ariadna Gil Giner (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0259\u02c8\u027eja\u00f0n\u0259 \u0292il \u0292i\u02c8ne]; born 23 January 1969) is a Spanish actress. She is known for her expressive acting in films such as Belle \u00c9poque or L\u00e1grimas Negras.", "Q1903": "Catania (UK: , US: , Sicilian and Italian: [ka\u02c8ta\u02d0nja] (listen)) is the second largest city of Sicily after Palermo; it is located on the east coast facing the Ionian Sea. It is the capital of the Metropolitan City of Catania, one of the ten biggest cities in Italy, and the seventh largest metropolitan city in Italy. The population of the city proper is 311,584 while the population of the Metropolitan City of Catania is 1,107,702.Catania was destroyed by catastrophic earthquakes in 1169 and 1693, and by several volcanic eruptions from the neighbouring Mount Etna, the most violent of which was in 1669.Catania was founded in the 8th century BC by Chalcidians Greeks. In 1434, the first university in Sicily was founded in the city. In the 14th century and into the Renaissance period, Catania was one of Italy's most important cultural, artistic and political centres.The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy. Its old town, besides being one of the biggest examples of baroque architecture in Italy, is a World Heritage Site, protected by UNESCO.\nCatania has been a native or adoptive homeland of some of Italy's most famous artists and writers, including composers Vincenzo Bellini and Giovanni Pacini, and writers Giovanni Verga, Luigi Capuana, Federico De Roberto and Nino Martoglio.\nThe city is the main industrial, logistical and commercial center of Sicily. It is the home of the Catania-Fontanarossa Airport, the largest in Southern Italy.", "Q982365": "C\u00e9sar Calvo Soriano (26 July 1940 \u2013 18 August 2000) was a Peruvian poet, journalist, and author. Calvo was part of the \"Generaci\u00f3n del Sesenta\" (\"Generation of Sixty\"), a group of prominent Peruvian poets that came of age in the 1960s. Considered an important voice in the literature of Peru and the Amazon basin, his work has been celebrated in Latin America and a novel translated into Italian and English.", "Q471664": "Leonid Maximovich Leonov (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0434 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; May 31 [O.S. May 19] 1899 \u2014 8 August 1994) was a Soviet novelist and playwright. His works have been compared with Dostoyevsky's deep psychological torment.", "Q956652": "Renato Ruggiero (9 April 1930 \u2013 4 August 2013) was an Italian politician. He was Director-General of the World Trade Organization from 1995 to 1999 and briefly served as Italy's Foreign Minister in 2001.", "Q100518": "Wilhelm Rudolf Mann (born 4 April 1894 in Wiesbaden \u2013 died 10 March 1992 in Grainau) was a German factory manager for IG Farben and later with Bayer.", "Q64702": "Arboldswil is a municipality in the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q319783": "Rambo: First Blood Part II is a 1985 American action film directed by George P. Cosmatos and co-written by Sylvester Stallone, who also reprises his role as Vietnam War veteran John Rambo. A sequel to First Blood (1982), it is the second installment in the Rambo franchise, followed by Rambo III. It co-stars Richard Crenna, who reprises his role as Colonel Sam Trautman, with Charles Napier and Steven Berkoff.\nThe film is set in the context of the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue. In the film, Rambo gets released from prison by federal order to document the possible existence of POWs in Vietnam, under the belief that he will find nothing, thus enabling the government to sweep the issue under the rug.\nDespite mixed reviews, Rambo: First Blood Part II was a major worldwide box office blockbuster, with an estimated 42 million tickets sold in the US. It has become one of the most recognized and memorable installments in the series, having inspired countless rip-offs, parodies, video games, and imitations. Entertainment Weekly ranked the movie number 23 on its list of \"The Best Rock-'em, Sock-'em Movies of the Past 25 Years\".", "Q889224": "John Young Brown Jr. (born December 28, 1933) is an American politician, entrepreneur, and businessman from the Commonwealth of Kentucky. He served as the 55th governor of Kentucky from 1979 to 1983, although he may be best known for building Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) into a multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.\nThe son of United States Congressman John Y. Brown Sr., Brown's talent for business became evident in college, where he made a substantial amount of money selling Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica sets. After briefly practicing law with his father, he purchased Kentucky Fried Chicken from founder Harland Sanders in 1964. Brown turned the company into a worldwide success, and sold his interest in the company for a huge profit in 1971. He then invested in several other restaurant ventures, but none matched the success of KFC. During the 1970s, he also owned, at various times, three professional basketball teams \u2013 the American Basketball Association's Kentucky Colonels, and the National Basketball Association's Boston Celtics and Buffalo Braves (currently the Los Angeles Clippers).\nDespite having previously shown little inclination toward politics, Brown surprised political observers by declaring his candidacy for governor in the 1979 election. With the state and nation facing difficult economic times, Brown promised to run the state government like a business. A strong media campaign funded by his personal fortune allowed him to win the Democratic primary and go on to defeat former Republican governor Louie B. Nunn in the general election. Because he owed few favors to established political leaders, he appointed many successful businesspeople to state posts instead of making political appointments. Following through on his campaign promise to make more diverse appointments, he named a woman and an African-American to his cabinet. During his tenure, Brown exerted less influence over the legislature than previous governors and was frequently absent from the state, leaving lieutenant governor Martha Layne Collins as acting governor for more than one quarter of his term. He briefly considered a run for the U.S. Senate after his gubernatorial term, but withdrew from the 1984 election race after only three weeks, citing health issues. He has continued to invest in business ventures, the most high profile of which was Kenny Rogers Roasters, a wood-roasted chicken restaurant he founded with country music star Kenny Rogers.\nBrown has been married three times, the second time to former Miss America Phyllis George. Among his children are news anchor Pamela Ashley Brown and former Secretary of State of Kentucky John Young Brown III.", "Q765871": "Enrique Santos Disc\u00e9polo (Discepol\u00edn) (27 March 1901 \u2013 23 December 1951) was an Argentine tango and milonga musician and composer, author of famous tangos such as \"Cambalache\" and many others performed by several of the most important singers of his time, amongst them notably Carlos Gardel. He was also a film actor, director and screenwriter.", "Q1689362": "Jimmy Halperin (born 1958 in Queens, New York City) is an American Saxophonist (tenor and soprano) and composer in avant-garde jazz and new improvised music.", "Q842633": "Stephanie McMahon Levesque (born Stephanie Marie McMahon; September 24, 1976), is an American businesswoman and professional wrestling personality. She is the chief brand officer (CBO) of WWE and appears as an on-screen authority figure and occasional wrestler on both the Raw and SmackDown brands.\nShe is a fourth generation wrestling promoter as a member of the McMahon family, she has worked for WWE since she was a young girl (modeling T-shirts and other merchandise for various WWE catalogs) working her way up to receptionist, then in various front office jobs up to and including her current CBO position. She is the great-granddaughter of Roderick \"Jess\" McMahon, granddaughter of Vincent J. McMahon, daughter of WWE Chairman and CEO Vincent K. McMahon and retired WWE CEO and former Administrator of the Small Business Administration Linda McMahon, the younger sister of WWE part-owner/wrestler Shane McMahon, and wife of WWE executive/wrestler Paul \"Triple H\" Levesque.\nMcMahon began appearing regularly on-air for WWE (then WWF as the World Wrestling Federation) in 1999 as a part of a storyline with The Undertaker. After a brief on-screen relationship with Test, she was engaged to Triple H\u2014whom she married both on-screen and later in real life\u2014which resulted in The McMahon-Helmsley Faction storyline. She has held the WWF Women's Championship once. In 2001, she was the on-screen owner of Extreme Championship Wrestling during The Invasion. The following year, she was the SmackDown General Manager, but stopped appearing regularly on television after an \"I Quit\" match with her father Vince McMahon.\nAfter making only sporadic appearances for several years, McMahon began appearing regularly on Raw in 2008 as the Raw brand general manager before disappearing once again. By mid-2013, McMahon returned to regular on-air appearances in the WWE, this time under the gimmick of an unctuous, judgmental, bullying owner along with on-screen chief operating officer, her husband, Triple H. From 2013 to 2016, they acted as a power couple known as The Authority, making what were often shady decrees while claiming only to be concerned for \"what's best for business,\" all the while romanticizing each other in the process with public displays of affection. The Authority would later expand into a stable, with its co-leaders being Triple H and herself.", "Q683338": "Giovanni Lombardi, (born May 28, 1926 in Lugano, Switzerland, died May 22, 2017 in Monte Carlo) was a Swiss engineer specialized in civil works and tunnel construction.In late 2006 his company Lombardi Engineering Ltd, a Swiss engineering and design company, was retained to build the Gibraltar Tunnel railway tunnel.\n\n", "Q108622": "Talia Rose Shire (n\u00e9e Coppola; born April 25, 1946) is an American actress best known for her roles as Connie Corleone in The Godfather films and Adrian Balboa in the Rocky series. For her work in The Godfather Part II and Rocky, Shire was nominated for two Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actress and Best Actress, respectively, and for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama for her role in Rocky.", "Q156038": "The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (Latin: Ducatus Curlandi\u00e6 et Semigalli\u00e6; Polish: Ksi\u0119stwo Kurlandii i Semigalii; German: Herzogtum Kurland und Semgallen; Latvian: Kurzemes un Zemgales hercogiste) was a duchy in the Baltic region that existed from 1561 to 1569 as a vassal state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and from 1569 to 1726 of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom, incorporated into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by Sejm in 1726. On 28 March 1795, it was annexed by the Russian Empire in the Third Partition of Poland.\nThere was also a short-lived wartime state existing from 8 March to 22 September 1918 with the same name. Plans for it to become part of the United Baltic Duchy, subject to the German Empire, were thwarted by Germany's surrender of the Baltic region at the end of the First World War. The area became a part of Latvia at the end of World War I.", "Q1239130": "Don Francisco (born February 28, 1946) is an independent American singer, songwriter, and musician, specializing in the field of contemporary Christian music. He has won two Dove awards, 1980 song of the year (for \"He's Alive\"), and 1980 Songwriter of the year.\n\n", "Q252580": "The Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Italian: Ducato di Modena e Reggio, Latin: Ducatus Mutinae et Regii) was a small northwestern Italian state that existed from 1452 to 1859, with a break during the Napoleonic Wars (1796\u20131814) when Emperor Napoleon I reorganized the states and republics of renaissance-era Italy, then under the domination of his French Empire. It was ruled from 1814 by the noble House of Este, of Austria-Este.", "Q157326": "Miguel Delibes Seti\u00e9n MML (Spanish pronunciation: [mi\u02c8\u0263el de\u02c8li\u03b2es]; 17 October 1920 \u2013 12 March 2010) was a Spanish novelist, journalist and newspaper editor associated with the Generation of '36 movement. From 1975 until his death, he was a member of the Royal Spanish Academy, where he occupied letter \"e\" seat. Licensed in commerce, he began his career as a cartoonist and columnist. He later became the editor for the regional newspaper El Norte de Castilla before gradually devoting himself exclusively to writing novels.\nHe was a connoisseur of the flora and fauna of Castile and was passionate about hunting and the countryside. Therefore, these were common themes in his writing, and he often wrote from the perspective of a city-dweller who had not lost touch with the rural world.\nHe was one of the leading figures of post-Civil War Spanish literature, winning numerous literary prizes. Several of his works have been adapted into plays or have been turned into films, winning awards at the Cannes Film Festival among others. He has been ranked with Heinrich B\u00f6ll and Graham Greene as one of the most prominent Catholic writers of the second half of the twentieth century. He was deeply affected by the death of his wife in 1974. In 1998 he was diagnosed with colon cancer, from which he never fully recovered. He died in 2010.", "Q272650": "Rossana Rossanda (born 23 April 1924) is an Italian left-wing politician, journalist, and feminist.", "Q573067": "The Gaslight Anthem is an American rock band from New Brunswick, New Jersey, formed in 2006. The band consists of Brian Fallon (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Alex Rosamilia (lead guitar, backing vocals), Alex Levine (bass guitar, backing vocals), and Benny Horowitz (drums, percussion).\nThe Gaslight Anthem released their debut album, Sink or Swim, on XOXO Records in May 2007, and their second album, The '59 Sound, on SideOneDummy Records in August 2008. The band's third album, American Slang, was released in June 2010, and their fourth, Handwritten, was released in July 2012 through Mercury Records. The lead single from Handwritten, \"45\", became their most successful single on the charts, and possibly their most well known to date. The band's fifth studio album, Get Hurt, was released on August 12, 2014, through Island Records. On July 29, 2015, the band announced an indefinite hiatus following their European summer tour, which concluded at Reading Festival on Sunday 30 August. The band temporarily reunited for a string of shows in 2018 to celebrate the 10th anniversary of The '59 Sound, before resuming their hiatus.", "Q8927": "Marion Cotillard (French: [ma\u0281j\u0254\u0303 k\u0254tija\u0281] (listen); born 30 September 1975) is a French actress, singer-songwriter, musician, and environmentalist. She is the recipient of an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, two C\u00e9sar Awards, a European Award, and a Lumi\u00e8res Award. She became a Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters in France in 2010, and was promoted to Officer in 2016. She was the face of Lady Dior handbag from 2008 to 2017. In 2020, she became the new face of the Chanel No. 5 fragrance.\nCotillard had her first English-language role in the television series Highlander (1993) and made her film debut in The Story of a Boy Who Wanted to Be Kissed (1994). Her breakthrough came in the successful French film Taxi (1998), which earned her a C\u00e9sar Award nomination. She made the transition into Hollywood in Tim Burton's Big Fish (2003), and subsequently appeared in A Very Long Engagement (2004), for which she won her first C\u00e9sar Award.\nFor her portrayal of French singer \u00c9dith Piaf in La Vie en Rose (2007), Cotillard won her second C\u00e9sar Award, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Lumi\u00e8res Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress, becoming the first and (as of 2020) only actor to win an Academy Award for a French-language performance, and also the second actress and one of only six actors to have won this award for a foreign language performance. Her performances in Nine (2009) and Rust and Bone (2012) garnered Cotillard two Golden Globe nominations, and for Two Days, One Night (2014), she earned a second Academy Award nomination for Best Actress, which was also her second nomination for a French-language film. Cotillard became one of only six actors to receive multiple Academy Award nominations for foreign language performances.\nCotillard played Joan of Arc on stage in different countries between 2005 and 2015 in the oratorio Jeanne d'Arc au b\u00fbcher. Her English-language films include Public Enemies (2009), Inception (2010), The Dark Knight Rises (2012), Macbeth (2015), and Allied (2016). She provided voice acting for the animated films The Little Prince (2015), April and the Extraordinary World (2015) and the French version of Minions (2015). Her other notable French and Belgian films include La Belle Verte (1996), War in the Highlands (1999), Pretty Things (2001), Love Me If You Dare (2003), Innocence (2004), Toi et Moi (2006) and Dikkenek (2006).", "Q3435328": "Sir Robert Abbott Hadfield, 1st Baronet FRS (28 November 1858 in Sheffield \u2013 30 September 1940 in Surrey) was an English metallurgist, noted for his 1882 discovery of manganese steel, one of the first steel alloys. He also invented silicon steel, initially for mechanical properties (patents in 1886) which have made the alloy a material of choice for springs and some fine blades, though it has also become important in electrical applications for its magnetic behaviour.\n\n", "Q101160": "Gesche Joost (born 1974 in Kiel, Germany) is a German design researcher.", "Q188744": "Freida Selena Pinto (Hindi: \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0921\u093e \u092a\u093f\u0902\u091f\u094b; born 18 October 1984) is an Indian actress who has appeared mainly in American and British films.\nPinto rose to prominence with her film debut in the British drama Slumdog Millionaire (2008), which is a loose adaptation of the novel Q & A (2005) by Indian author Vikas Swarup . She was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role, MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance, and Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress \u2013 Drama, and won the Palm Springs International Film Festival Award for Breakthrough Performance for Slumdog Millionaire. Her biggest commercial success came with the science fiction film Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011). Her performance as the title character in Michael Winterbottom's Trishna (2011) garnered her widespread recognition and praise. She portrayed Cretan princess Phaedra in the epic fantasy action film Immortals (2011), narrated the documentary Girl Rising (2013), and starred in the biographical drama Desert Dancer (2014), for which she received critical acclaim. In 2017, she starred in the Showtime miniseries Guerrilla, and in 2018 she had starring roles in the Indian drama Love Sonia and the fantasy adventure film Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle. \nAlthough the Indian media has credited Pinto with breaking the stereotypical image of an Indian woman in foreign films, she has been a lesser-known figure in Indian cinema and has rarely featured in prominent productions in India. Along with her film career, she promotes humanitarian causes and is vocal about women's empowerment.", "Q66673": "Ekkehard of Aura (Latin: Ekkehardus Uraugiensis; died 1126) was the Abbot of Aura (a monastery founded by Otto, Bishop of Bamberg, on the Franconian Saale river, near Bad Kissingen, Bavaria) from 1108. A Benedictine monk and chronicler, he made updates to the World Chronicle (Chronicon universale) of Frutolf of Michelsberg adding important German history between 1098 and 1125 during the reign of Emperor Henry V, in which he sided strongly with the papacy in the Investiture Controversy. He was a participant in the Crusade of 1101 (Lerner, 1989), and provided important source material for the Rhineland massacres of Jews and for the First Crusade.", "Q92094": "Karl Friedrich St\u00e4udlin (July 25, 1761 \u2013 July 5, 1826) was a German Protestant theologian born in Stuttgart.\nHe studied theology in T\u00fcbingen, and from 1790 was a professor of theology at the University of G\u00f6ttingen, where remained for nearly 36 years. In 1803 he was appointed Consistorialrath.He was an advocate of \"rational Supranaturalism\". His writings largely dealt with church history, moral theology and moral philosophy. On the latter subject, he was profoundly influenced by the work of Immanuel Kant.", "Q710236": "Wincenty Konstanty Kalinowski, also known as Vincent Kanstancin Kalino\u016dski (Belarusian: \u0412\u0456\u043d\u0446\u044d\u0301\u043d\u0442 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0301\u043d \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043e\u0301\u045e\u0441\u043a\u0456) or Kastu\u015b Kalino\u016dski (Belarusian: \u041a\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0441\u044c \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043e\u0301\u045e\u0441\u043a\u0456), Konstanty Kalinowski (Polish) and Konstantinas Kalinauskas (Lithuanian) (2 February [O.S. 21 January] 1838 \u2013 22 March [O.S. 10 March] 1864), was a 19th-century Belarusian writer, journalist, lawyer and revolutionary. He was one of the leaders of the Polish, Lithuanian and Belarusian national revival and the leader of the January Uprising in lands of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.", "Q276436": "Timothy George \"Tim\" Butler (born 7 December 1958, Teddington, Middlesex, England) is an English songwriter and musician. He is the bass player, and co-founder of the Psychedelic Furs. He is also the youngest of three brothers.\nRichard, the eldest, is the lead singer of the Psychedelic Furs. Both brothers were also founding members of the alternative rock band, Love Spit Love.Butler lives in Liberty, Kentucky with his wife Robyn Wesley Butler and their children. She was a fan since the Forever Now album.", "Q198557": "Monkey Shines (also known as Monkey Shines: An Experiment in Fear) is a 1988 American psychological horror film written and directed by George A. Romero and starring Jason Beghe, Kate McNeil, John Pankow, and Joyce Van Patten. Its plot follows a young athlete who becomes a paralyzed quadriplegic, and develops a bond with an intelligent service monkey named \"Ella\" who becomes homicidal after she is injected with an experiment serum of human brain tissue. It is based on the 1983 British novel of the same name by Michael Stewart.\nProducers Peter Grunwald and Charles Evans of Orion Pictures acquired the rights to Stewart's novel in 1985, and began production two years later, with Romero assigned to direct. The film marked Romero's second major studio feature after Creepshow (1982), and was his second-most expensive film at that time, with a budget of $7 million. The setting was changed from Oxford, England, where the novel was set, to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a city in which Romero had long resided and often set his films. Principal photography of Monkey Shines took place in Pittsburgh in the late summer and early fall of 1987. It had a protracted post-production and editing process, as Romero shot more film than he had on any of his previous projects, particularly due to the use of live monkeys.\nMonkey Shines was released theatrically by Orion Pictures in July 1988, receiving mixed reviews and a lackluster box-office reception, grossing $5.3 million against its $7 million budget. In the intervening years, the film has been noted by critics as an offbeat entry in Romero's filmography, and has earned status as a minor cult film.", "Q539608": "Pasquale Borgomeo (20 March 1933 in Naples \u2013 2 July 2009 in Rome, Italy) was an Italian Jesuit priest and longtime director of the Vatican Radio.\nBorgomeo entered the Society of Jesus at the young age of 15 (3 October 1948). After the usual noviciate spiritual training, and the traditional Jesuit formation he is ordained priest on 7 July 1963. He is then sent to Paris where he obtains a doctorate in Patristics at the Sorbonne University, with a thesis on the Pastoral Ecclesiology of Saint Augustin, under the direction of Henri-Ir\u00e9n\u00e9e Marrou.\nThough thus prepared to be a professor of Theology circumstances led Borgomeo to be sent to work on the staff of Vatican Radio (in 1970). His competence and culture, knowledge of languages, communication skills and dynamism made him rise to the position of Director General of the Vatican Radio, where he succeeded Roberto (now Cardinal) Tucci. In all he worked for 35 years at the service of the Radio.He died in Rome, Italy, on July 2, 2009, at the age of 76 after a long illness.", "Q27149": "The King and I is a 1956 American musical film made by 20th Century-Fox, directed by Walter Lang and produced by Charles Brackett and Darryl F. Zanuck. The screenplay by Ernest Lehman is based on the Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II musical The King and I, based in turn on the novel Anna and the King of Siam by Margaret Landon. That novel in turn was based on memoirs written by Anna Leonowens, who became school teacher to the children of King Mongkut of Siam in the early 1860s. Leonowens' stories were autobiographical, although various elements of them have been called into question. The film stars Deborah Kerr and Yul Brynner.\nThe film was a critical and commercial success, and was nominated for 9 Oscars, winning 5, including Best Actor for Brynner.\nAnother film adaptation of the same musical, the animated film The King and I, was released in 1999.", "Q1692024": "Johan Kling (born Carl-David Johan Natt och Dag, 7 August 1962, in Stockholm, Sweden) is a Swedish film director, screenwriter, and novelist. His debut movie, Darling (2007), won the award for best Swedish film.", "Q622290": "Alexandru Roman (November 26, 1826 \u2013 September 27, 1897) was an Austro-Hungarian ethnic Romanian cultural figure and journalist, as well as a founding member of the Romanian Academy.\nBorn in Au\u0219eu, Bihor County, in the Cri\u0219ana region, he attended primary and secondary school at Beiu\u0219 and Oradea. He then studied philosophy, mathematics and theology at the University of Vienna. After graduation, Roman returned to his home region, and was hired at the Romanian gymnasium in Beiu\u0219 in 1849, during the Hungarian Revolution. He became its first teacher to hold classes in Romanian. In 1851, he became a Romanian-language professor at the Oradea law academy. In 1862, following numerous petitions, he began teaching Romanian at the Royal University of Pest, founding the Romanian language and literature department. He prepared a Romanian-language manual for village schools, and contributed articles on philology and politics to Bucovina, Gazeta Transilvaniei and Na\u021bionalul, the last based in Bucharest, capital of the nascent Romanian state.In 1866, Roman became a founding member of the Romanian Literary Society, later the Romanian Academy. He also helped found the Reading Society of Studious Romanian Youth (1851) and the Petru Maior Society (1862). He edited the gazettes Concordia (founded at Budapest in 1861 in collaboration with Sigismund Pap, until 1866) and Federa\u021biunea (1868-1876), which he also founded at Budapest. Roman published unusually virulent articles in these organs, causing him to be brought to trial a number of times. The culmination came in 1868, when he reprinted the Blaj Pronouncement. As a result, he was sentenced to a year's imprisonment at V\u00e1c.From 1865 to 1888, Roman sat in the House of Representatives at Budapest, where he advocated on behalf of the Romanians of Transylvania and Hungary. He died in Sebe\u0219.", "Q1685558": "Peter I. Blute (born January 28, 1956) is a former American Republican member of the United States House of Representatives. He served two terms, between January 3, 1993 and January 3, 1997, representing the Third District of Massachusetts. As of 2019, Blute and colleague Peter G. Torkildsen remain the last Republicans elected to serve in the United States House delegation from Massachusetts.", "Q693103": "Turan Dursun (1934 \u2013 4 September 1990) was a Turkish author and atheist who was a critic of Islam. A former Muslim cleric and scholar of Shia Islam, he became an atheist during his study of the history of monotheistic religions. Influenced by the 9th-century Iranian skeptic philosopher Ibn al-Rawandi, Dursun wrote a number of books about religion which included interpretations of Islamic texts, heavily criticizing Islam and the founders of its major branches.Dursun was frequently threatened by Islamic fundamentalists, and on 4 September 1990 was assassinated outside his home in Istanbul, after which his books sold tens of thousands of copies in Turkey.\n\n", "Q73530": "Franz Schmidberger (born 19 October 1946) is a priest of the Society of St. Pius X, founded by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre.", "Q185248": "Dirty Rotten Scoundrels is a 1988 American comedy film directed by Frank Oz and starring Steve Martin, Michael Caine and Glenne Headly. The screenplay was written by Dale Launer, Stanley Shapiro, and Paul Henning. It is a remake of the 1964 Marlon Brando/David Niven film Bedtime Story, also written by Shapiro and Henning, and was later remade in 2019 as The Hustle, starring Anne Hathaway and Rebel Wilson.The film tells the story of two con men competing to swindle an heiress out of $50,000. Caine plays educated and suave Lawrence Jamieson, who stages elaborate ruses to bilk rich women, while Martin plays his less refined, small-time American rival, Freddy Benson. It takes place on the French Riviera.", "Q35565": "The Tatars (; Tatar: \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0440, tatarlar; Russian: \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b) are a Turkic ethnic group living mainly in Tatarstan and the wider Volga-Ural region. They speak Tatar, a Kipchak Turkic language. The vast majority of Tatars today reside in post-Soviet countries, primarily in Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The vast majority of Tatars are Muslims.The name Tatar first appears in written form on the Kul Tigin monument as \ud803\udc43\ud803\udc43\ud803\udc3a\u200e, Ta-tar and likely was referring to the Tatar confederation. That confederation was eventually incorporated into the Mongol Empire when Genghis Khan unified the various steppe tribes. Historically, the term Tatars (or Tartars) was applied to anyone originating from the vast Northern and Central Asian landmass then known as Tartary, which was dominated by various mostly Turco-Mongol semi-nomadic empires and kingdoms. More recently, however, the term has come to refer more narrowly to related ethnic groups who refer to themselves as Tatars or who speak languages that are commonly referred to as Tatar, namely Tatar by Volga Tatars (Tatars proper), Crimean Tatar by Crimean Tatars and Siberian Tatar by Siberian Tatars.\nThe largest group amongst the Tatars by far and the one called \"Tatars\" in Russian, are the Volga Tatars, native to the Volga-Ural region (Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), who for this reason are often also simply known as \"Tatars\". They compose 53% of the population in Tatarstan. Their language is known as the Tatar language. As of 2002, there were an estimated 5 million ethnic Tatars in Russia.\nThere is a common belief that Russians and Tatars are closely intermingled, illustrated by the famous saying \"scratch any Russian just a little and you will discover a Tatar underneath\" and the fact that a number of noble families in the Tsardom of Russia had Tatar origins; however, genetics show that a majority of Russians form a cluster with Northern and Eastern Europeans (especially Belarusians and Ukrainians), and are relatively far from Tatar peoples. In modern-day Tatarstan, however, Russian-Tatar marriages are very common.", "Q377072": "Patrick Gerald Duggan (born 24 March 1945), known professionally as Patrick Malahide, is a British actor, known for his roles as Detective Sergeant Albert Chisholm in the TV series Minder and Balon Greyjoy in the TV series Game of Thrones.", "Q611672": "Larry Jeff McMurtry (born June 3, 1936) is an American novelist, essayist, bookseller, and screenwriter whose work is predominantly set in either the Old West or in contemporary Texas. His novels include Horseman, Pass By (1962), The Last Picture Show (1966), and Terms of Endearment (1975), which were adapted into films earning 26 Oscar nominations (10 wins). His 1985 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel Lonesome Dove was adapted into a television miniseries that earned 18 Emmy Award nominations (seven wins), with the other three novels in his Lonesome Dove series adapted into three more miniseries, earning eight more Emmy nominations. McMurtry and cowriter Diana Ossana adapted the screenplay for Brokeback Mountain (2005), which earned eight Academy Award nominations with three wins, including McMurtry and Ossana for Best Adapted Screenplay.", "Q467990": "Jani Allan (born 11 September 1952) is a South African journalist, columnist, writer and broadcaster. She is one of the country's first media celebrities, garnering significant attention in the 1980s and 1990s.In 1980 Allan became a columnist for the centrist newspaper, the Sunday Times, the country's biggest-circulating weekly newspaper. She was the newspaper's best-read columnist over the next decade, publishing columns such as Just Jani, Jani Allan's Week and Face to Face. At the height of her fame, the newspaper commissioned a Gallup poll in 1987 to find \"the most admired person in South Africa\" and she came first. In 2015, Marianne Thamm of the Daily Maverick described Allan as having been \"the most influential writer and columnist in the country\".\nShe later became the subject of press interest over the nature of her relationship with an interview subject, Eug\u00e8ne Terre'Blanche. Allan strongly denied the affair allegations and took an injunction out against Terre'Blanche. Allan was forced to leave South Africa when her apartment was bombed by the far-right in 1989. After a brief stint working at her newspaper's London bureau, she parted company with the newspaper. She then pursued freelance writing opportunities and published a regular column for Scope. Allan filed an unsuccessful and highly publicized libel suit in London against the broadcaster Channel 4 in 1992 over the affair allegations.\nShe returned to South Africa in 1996, publishing a sponsored web column and presenting a radio show on Cape Talk. After an extended break she returned to the South African media frame in 2013. In 2014, she made headlines around the world after publishing an open letter to accused murderer Oscar Pistorius. Jacana Media published Allan's memoirs, Jani Confidential on 16 March 2015. Allan continues to write freelance opinion pieces for South African publications and since 2018 writes semi-regularly for the New York newspaper, The Epoch Times. Allan has lived in the United States since 2001.\n\n", "Q204936": "Catherine Greenaway (17 March 1846 \u2013 6 November 1901) was an English Victorian artist and writer, known for her \nchildren's book illustrations. She received her education in graphic design and art between 1858 and 1871 from South Kensington School of Art and the Royal Female School of Art, and the Slade School of Fine Art. She began her career designing for the burgeoning holiday card market, producing Christmas and Valentine's cards. In 1879 wood-block engraver and printer, Edmund Evans, printed Under the Window, an instant best-seller, which established her reputation. Her collaboration with Evans continued throughout the 1880s and 1890s.\nThe depictions of children in imaginary 18th-century costumes in a Queen Anne style were extremely popular in England and internationally, sparking the Kate Greenaway style. Within a few years of the publication of Under the Window Greenaway's work was imitated in England, Germany and the United States.", "Q17020147": "The Royal Military College (RMC), founded in 1801 and established in 1802 at Great Marlow and High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, England, but moved in October 1812 to Sandhurst, Berkshire, was a British Army military academy for training infantry and cavalry officers of the British and Indian Armies.\nThe RMC was reorganised at the outbreak of the Second World War, but some of its units remained operational at Sandhurst and Aldershot. In 1947, the Royal Military College was merged with the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, to form the present-day all-purpose Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.", "Q109514": "Dieter Dorn (born 31 October 1935 in Leipzig) is a German theatre director, also for the opera, the manager of the M\u00fcnchner Kammerspiele from 1983 to 2001 and now manager of the Bavarian Staatsschauspiel.\n\n", "Q1583807": "Art music (alternatively called classical music, cultivated music, serious music, and canonic music) is music considered to be of high aesthetic value. It typically implies advanced structural and theoretical considerations or a written musical tradition. In this context, the terms \"serious\" or \"cultivated\" are frequently used to present a contrast with ordinary, everyday music (i.e. popular and folk music, also called \"vernacular music\").\n\n", "Q513963": "Robin Rimbaud (born 1964) is an electronic musician who works under the name Scanner due to his use of cell phone and police scanners in live performance. He is also a member of the band Githead with Wire's Colin Newman and Malka Spigel and Max Franken from Minimal Compact.\nRimbaud is also a writer and media critic, multi-media artist and record producer. He borrowed his stage name from the device he used in his early recordings, picking up indeterminate radio and mobile phone signals in the airwaves and using them as an instrument in his compositions.\n\n", "Q327645": "Farewell (German: Abschied) is a 1930 German comedy drama film directed by Robert Siodmak and starring Brigitte Horney, Aribert Mog and Emilia Unda.\nIt was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Max Knaake.", "Q361610": "Alexander Harper Berkeley (born December 16, 1955) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles as Sheriff Thomas McAllister/Red John on the crime drama The Mentalist, George Mason on the political thriller series 24, Percy Rose on the action thriller series Nikita, the Man on The Booth At The End and Gregory in AMC's The Walking Dead. His notable film roles include Todd Voight in Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Agent Gibbs in Air Force One, Bowery Snax in Sid and Nancy, Dr. Lamar in Gattaca, Trevor Lyle in Candyman and Ralph in Heat.", "Q119707": "Guido M. Schuster is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Technik Rapperswil (HSR), Rapperswil, St. Gallen, Switzerland, where he focuses on digital signal processing and wireless sensor networks.", "Q371403": "Kyle Richard Gass (born July 14, 1960) is an American musician and actor best known for being a member of Tenacious D, winner of a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance, alongside longtime friend Jack Black. He also co-formed, and performs with, the bands Trainwreck and Kyle Gass Band. Outside of music, Gass makes sporadic appearances as an actor; his appearances include the films Elf and Kung Fu Panda, TV shows such as Friends and Seinfeld and various music videos for bands such as Good Charlotte and I Prevail. He hosted a YouTube channel from 2009 to 2012 called Guitarings alongside fellow Tenacious D guitarist John Konesky.", "Q275117": "Anne M. Mulcahy (born October 21, 1952) is the former chairperson and CEO of Xerox Corporation. She was named CEO of Xerox on August 1, 2001, and chairwoman on January 1, 2002. In addition to serving on the Xerox board, she has been a member of the boards of directors of Catalyst, Citigroup Inc., Fuji Xerox Co. Ltd. and Target Corporation.\nShe was selected as 'CEO of the Year 2008' by Chief Executive magazine. She announced her retirement as CEO on May 21, 2009 prior to the company's annual shareholder meeting.", "Q354873": "Peter Coyote (born Robert Peter Cohon; October 10, 1941) is an American actor, author, director, screenwriter and narrator of films, theatre, television and audiobooks. He is known for his work in various films such as E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), Cross Creek (1983), Jagged Edge (1985), Patch Adams (1998), Erin Brockovich (2000), A Walk to Remember (2002), Hemingway & Gellhorn (2012) and Good Kill (2014). He was also known as the \"Voice of Oscar\" for the 72nd Academy Awards ceremony, the first Oscars announcer to be seen on-camera.Coyote's voice work includes his narration for the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics and Apple's iPad Retina Display campaign. He narrated the PBS series The Pacific Century (1992), winning an Emmy, and eight documentaries directed or produced by Ken Burns: The West (1996), The National Parks: America's Best Idea (2009), Prohibition (2011), The Dust Bowl (2012), The Roosevelts: An Intimate History (2014), The Vietnam War (2017), The Mayo Clinic: Faith--Hope--Science (2018), and Country Music (2019). He won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Narrator in 2015 for his work on The Roosevelts. His voice has often been said to resemble that of actor Henry Fonda.\nCoyote was one of the founders of the Diggers, an anarchist improv group active in Haight-Ashbury during the mid-1960s. Coyote was also an actor, writer and director with the San Francisco Mime Troupe; his prominence in the San Francisco counterculture scene led to his being interviewed for the book Voices from the Love Generation. He acted in and directed the first cross-country tour of The Minstrel Show, and his play Olive Pits, co-authored with Mime Troupe member Peter Berg, won the troupe an Obie Award from The Village Voice. Coyote became a member, and later chairman, of the California Arts Council from 1975 to 1983. In the late 1970s, he shifted from acting on stage to acting in films. In the 1990s and 2000s (decade), he acted in several television shows. He speaks fluent Spanish and French.", "Q18391": "Elie Wiesel (, born Eliezer Wiesel Hebrew: \u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05e2\u05b6\u05d6\u05b6\u05e8 \u05d5\u05b4\u05d9\u05d6\u05b6\u05dc\u200e \u02be\u0114l\u00ee\u02bfezer V\u00eezel; September 30, 1928 \u2013 July 2, 2016) was a Romanian-born American writer, professor, political activist, Nobel laureate, and Holocaust survivor. He authored 57 books, written mostly in French and English, including Night, a work based on his experiences as a Jewish prisoner in the Auschwitz and Buchenwald concentration camps.He was a professor of the humanities at Boston University, which created the Elie Wiesel Center for Jewish Studies in his honor. He was involved with Jewish causes and human rights causes and helped establish the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D. C. In his political activities, he also campaigned for victims of oppression in places like South Africa, Nicaragua, Kosovo, and Sudan. He publicly condemned the 1915 Armenian Genocide and remained a strong defender of human rights during his lifetime. He was described as \"the most important Jew in America\" by the Los Angeles Times.Wiesel was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986. The Norwegian Nobel Committee called him a \"messenger to mankind\", stating that through his struggle to come to terms with \"his own personal experience of total humiliation and of the utter contempt for humanity shown in Hitler's death camps\", as well as his \"practical work in the cause of peace\", Wiesel has delivered a message \"of peace, atonement, and human dignity\" to humanity. The Nobel Committee also stressed that Wiesel\u2019s commitment originated in the sufferings of the Jewish people but that he expanded it to embrace all repressed peoples and races. He was a founding board member of the New York Human Rights Foundation and remained active throughout his life.", "Q144414": "Berserk! is a 1967 British horror-thriller film starring Joan Crawford, Ty Hardin, Diana Dors and Judy Geeson in a macabre mother-daughter tale about a circus plagued with murders. The screenplay was written by Herman Cohen and Aben Kandel, and the film directed by Jim O'Connolly. Berserk! marks Crawford's second-to-last big-screen appearance.", "Q227137": "Zo\u00eb Wicomb (born 23 November 1948 ) is a South African-Scottish author and academic who has lived in the UK since the 1970s. In 2013 she was awarded the inaugural Windham\u2013Campbell Literature Prize for her fiction.", "Q237324": "Lisa Marie Presley (born February 1, 1968) is an American singer-songwriter. She is the only child of singer and actor Elvis Presley and actress Priscilla Presley, as well as the sole heir to her father's estate. Presley has developed a career in the music business and has issued three albums. She has been married four times, including to singer Michael Jackson and actor Nicolas Cage, and has also been married to music producer Michael Lockwood, father of her twin girls.", "Q221546": "Jason Curtis Newsted (born March 4, 1963) is an American heavy metal musician, known for being the bassist of the band Metallica from October 1986 until January 2001.\nBefore Metallica, he was a member of Flotsam and Jetsam. After Metallica, has been involved with Echobrain, Ozzy Osbourne, Voivod, and led the band Newsted from 2012 to 2014. With Voivod, he used the pseudonym Jasonic, which is also the name of his music publishing company. He is also the founder of the Chophouse Records studio and label based in California. Newsted lives in Walnut Creek, California.", "Q78465": "Reinhold W\u00fcrth (born 20 April 1935) is a German businessman and art collector. He took over his father's tiny wholesale screw business at age 19 and built it into the Adolf W\u00fcrth Group, which posted $13 billion in sales in 2013.Since the 1960s W\u00fcrth has collected works of art. As of 2018 the collection contains over 18,000 works, specializing in art created from the late 19th century to today.He is married with three children and lives in K\u00fcnzelsau, Germany.", "Q728959": "Arthur Yvor Winters (17 October 1900 \u2013 25 January 1968) was an American poet and literary critic.", "Q47695": "'Rudolf Christoph Eucken (German: [\u02c8\u0254\u028fkn\u0329]; 5 January 1846 \u2013 15 September 1926) was a German philosopher. He received the 1908 Nobel Prize for Literature \"in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life\", after he had been nominated by a member of the Swedish Academy.\n\n", "Q585": "Oslo ( OZ-loh, also US: OSS-loh, Norwegian: [\u02c8\u028a\u0302\u0282l\u028a] (listen), rarely [\u02c8\u028a\u0302sl\u028a, \u02c8\u028a\u0300\u0282l\u028a]) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. During the Viking Age the area was part of Viken, the northernmost Danish province. Oslo was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in the year 1040 under the name \u00c1nslo, and established as a kaupstad or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada. The city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, during the reign of King Christian IV, a new city was built closer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in the king's honour. It was established as a municipality (formannskapsdistrikt) on 1 January 1838. The city functioned as the capital of Norway during the 1814\u20131905 union between Sweden and Norway. From 1877, the city's name was spelled Kristiania in government usage, a spelling that was adopted by the municipal authorities only in 1897. In 1925 the city, after incorporating the village retaining its former name, was renamed Oslo. In 1948 Oslo merged with Aker, a municipality which surrounded the capital and which was 27 times larger, thus creating the modern, vastly enlarged Oslo municipality.\nOslo is the economic and governmental centre of Norway. The city is also a hub of Norwegian trade, banking, industry and shipping. It is an important centre for maritime industries and maritime trade in Europe. The city is home to many companies within the maritime sector, some of which are among the world's largest shipping companies, shipbrokers and maritime insurance brokers. Oslo is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission intercultural cities programme.\nOslo is considered a global city and was ranked \"Beta World City\" in studies carried out by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network in 2008. It was ranked number one in terms of quality of life among European large cities in the European Cities of the Future 2012 report by fDi magazine. A survey conducted by ECA International in 2011 placed Oslo as the second most expensive city in the world for living expenses after Tokyo. In 2013 Oslo tied with the Australian city of Melbourne as the fourth most expensive city in the world, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)'s Worldwide Cost of Living study. Oslo was ranked as the 24th most liveable city in the world by Monocle magazine.As of 27 February 2020, the municipality of Oslo had a population of 693,491, while the population of the city's urban area of 4 November 2019 was 1,019,513. The metropolitan area had an estimated population of 1.71 million. The population was increasing at record rates during the early 2000s, making it the fastest growing major city in Europe at the time. This growth stems for the most part from international immigration and related high birth rates, but also from intra-national migration. The immigrant population in the city is growing somewhat faster than the Norwegian population, and in the city proper this is now more than 25% of the total population if immigrant parents are included.", "Q197894": "Owen William Paterson (born 24 June 1956) is a British Conservative Party politician who was the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs from 2012 to 2014. He was first elected as the Member of Parliament for North Shropshire at the 1997 general election.\nPaterson was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet of David Cameron in 2007 as Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. During the formation of the Coalition Government in 2010, he was appointed to the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, where he remained until being moved to DEFRA in 2012. He has since been more widely known as a leading supporter of Brexit and an outspoken critic of the European Union.\nIn 2014, he established and became the Chairman of UK 2020, a right-wing think tank based in Westminster. In 2016, Paterson became part of Leave Means Leave's political advisory board.", "Q92902": "Neil Gunther (born 15 August 1950) is a computer information systems researcher best known internationally for developing the open-source performance modeling software Pretty Damn Quick and developing the Guerrilla approach to computer capacity planning and performance analysis. He has also been cited for his contributions to the theory of large transients in computer systems and packet networks, and his universal law of computational scalability.Gunther is a Senior Member of both the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), as well as a member of the American Mathematical Society (AMS), American Physical Society (APS), Computer Measurement Group (CMG) and ACM SIGMETRICS.\nHe is currently focused on developing quantum information system technologies.\n\n", "Q115883": "Eugen Huber (July 31, 1849 \u2013 April 23, 1923) was a Swiss jurist and the creator of the Swiss Civil code of 1907.", "Q270709": "Leyla Hazal Kaya (born 1 October 1990) is a Turkish actress who is known for her acting role in Ad\u0131n\u0131 Feriha Koydum, Bizim Hikaye, and other serials. She has won many awards and accolades.", "Q518188": "Czech Americans (Czech: \u010cechoameri\u010dan\u00e9), known in the 19th and early 20th century as Bohemian Americans, are citizens of the United States who are of Czech descent. Czechs originate from the Czech lands, a term which refers to the majority of the traditional lands of the Bohemian Crown, namely Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia. These lands over time have been governed by a variety of states, including the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Austrian Empire, Czechoslovakia, and the Czech Republic. Germans from the Czech lands who emigrated to the United States usually identified as German American, or, more specifically, as Americans of German Bohemian descent. According to the 2000 US census, there are 1,262,527 Americans of full or partial Czech descent, in addition to 441,403 persons who list their ancestry as Czechoslovak.", "Q489849": "SS501 is a South Korean boy band consisting of five members: Kim Hyun-joong, Heo Young-saeng, Kim Kyu-jong, Park Jung-min and Kim Hyung-jun. They debuted in 2005 with the EP Warning, which included their first number one song, \"Never Again\".In 2007, SS501 entered the Japanese market with the maxi single Kokoro, which debuted at number five on the Oricon chart. The following year, in 2008, they became the first South Korean artists to win the award for Best New Artist at the Japan Gold Disc Awards.SS501 has released one studio album and seven EPs in Korean, and two studio albums and three EPs in Japanese. The group has been inactive since 2010, however the sub-group Double S 301, composed of members Heo Young-saeng, Kim Kyu-jong and Kim Hyung-jun, continues to release music.", "Q269258": "Anamaria Marinca (born 1 April 1978) is a Romanian actress. She made her screen debut with the Channel 4 film Sex Traffic, for which she won the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress. Marinca is also known for her performance in 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days, earning several awards for her performance, and was nominated for the European Film Award for Best Actress, London Film Critics Circle Award for Actress of the Year, Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress and National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress. In 2008, at the 58th Berlin International Film Festival, she was presented the Shooting Stars Award by the European Film Promotion.", "Q283859": "Edvard Stanislavovich Radzinsky (Russian: \u042d\u0301\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) (born September 23, 1936) is a Russian playwright, television personality, screenwriter, and the author of more than forty popular history books.\n\n", "Q172818": "Prince Gaetano Starrabba di Giardinelli (born December 3, 1932 in Palermo, Sicily) is a former racing driver from Italy. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, racing a Lotus-Maserati at the 1961 Italian Grand Prix on September 10, 1961. He scored no championship points. He also competed in several non-Championship Formula One races.\nThe title Prince di Giardelli was his as a member of the Italian nobility.", "Q271417": "Funabashi (\u8239\u6a4b\u5e02, Funabashi-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of February 2016, the city had an estimated population of 623,679, and a population density of 7,280 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 85.62 square kilometres (33.06 sq mi).\n\n", "Q125798": "Jusuf Zejnullahu (born 1944 in Democratic Federal Yugoslavia) was a Kosovar politician.", "Q303095": "Tonight and Every Night is a 1945 American musical film directed by Victor Saville and starring Rita Hayworth, Lee Bowman and Janet Blair. The film portrays wartime romance and tragedy in a London musical show, loosely modelled on the Windmill Theatre in Soho, that determined not to miss a single performance during the Blitz. Hayworth plays an American showgirl who falls in love with an RAF pilot played by Bowman.\nThe film was adapted from the play Heart of a City by Lesley Storm. It was used as a Technicolor vehicle for Rita Hayworth after her success with Cover Girl. It was nominated for two Academy Awards: Best Music, Original Song (for \"Anywhere\") and Best Music, Scoring of a Musical Picture. A major highlight of the film is Hayworth in the \"You Excite Me\" number, a number often cited as one of Hayworth's best performances.", "Q40844": "Breda (, Dutch: [bre\u02d0\u02c8da\u02d0] (listen)) is a city and municipality in the southern part of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Brabant. The name derived from brede Aa ('wide Aa' or 'broad Aa') and refers to the confluence of the rivers Mark and Aa.As a fortified city, it was of strategic military and political significance. Although a direct Fiefdom of the Holy Roman Emperor, the city obtained a municipal charter; the acquisition of Breda, through marriage, by the House of Nassau ensured that Breda would be at the centre of political and social life in the Low Countries. Breda had a population of 183,873 in 2019; the metropolitan area had a population of 324,812. It is part of the Brabantse Stedenrij.", "Q365310": "Adolph Deutsch (20 October 1897 \u2013 1 January 1980) was British-American composer, conductor and arranger. He was born in London, England. In December 1911, he emigrated to the United States, settling in Buffalo.\nIn 1914, Deutsch was \"a Buffalo movie house musician\", accompanying silent films. Deutsch began his composing career on Broadway in the 1920s and 1930s before working for Hollywood films beginning in the late 1930s. For Broadway, he orchestrated Irving Berlin's As Thousands Cheer and George and Ira Gershwin's Pardon My English.\nDeutsch won Oscars for his background music for Oklahoma! (1955), and for conducting the music for Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954) and Annie Get Your Gun (1950). He was nominated for The Band Wagon (1953) and the 1951 film version of Show Boat, for which he conducted the orchestra. For Broadway and Hollywood, he conducted, composed and arranged music, but did not write songs, not even for the Broadway shows on which he worked. In addition to his music for westerns and his conducting of the scores for musicals, Deutsch composed for films noir, including The Mask of Dimitrios (1944), The Maltese Falcon (1941), and Nobody Lives Forever (1946), as well as Little Women (the 1949 adaptation), and the Billy Wilder comedies Some Like It Hot (1959), and The Apartment (1960).He retired in 1961 and died in 1980 at his home in Palm Desert, California.", "Q52298": "Bursins is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q65434": "Surava is a former municipality in the district of Albula in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Alvaschein, Mon, Stierva, Tiefencastel, Alvaneu, Brienz/Brinzauls and Surava merged to form the new municipality of Albula/Alvra.", "Q371365": "The Lonely Lady is a 1983 drama film directed by Peter Sasdy, adapted from the 1976 novel written by Harold Robbins, which itself was believed to have been based on Robbins' memories of Jacqueline Susann. The cast includes Pia Zadora in the title role, Lloyd Bochner, Bibi Besch, Jared Martin, and in an early film appearance, Ray Liotta. The original music score was composed by Charlie Calello. \nThe plot follows Jerilee Randall (Zadora), an aspiring screenwriter who deals with many abusive men in her attempts to achieve success in Hollywood. A critical and commercial failure, The Lonely Lady was the last adaptation of one of Robbins' best selling novels before he died in 1997, and, to date, the last such adaptation of any of his works.", "Q436507": "Paul Hugh Emmett (September 22, 1900 \u2013 April 22, 1985) was an American chemist best known for his pioneering work in the field of catalysis and for his work on the Manhattan Project during World War II. He spearheaded the research to separate isotopes of uranium and to develop a corrosive uranium gas. Emmett also made significant contributions to BET Theory which explains the relationship between surface area and gas adsorption. He served on the faculty of Johns Hopkins University for 23 years throughout his scientific career.", "Q1282956": "Edward Thomas Rabbitt (November 27, 1941 \u2013 May 7, 1998) was an American country music singer and songwriter. His career began as a songwriter in the late 1960s, springboarding to a recording career after composing hits such as \"Kentucky Rain\" for Elvis Presley in 1970 and \"Pure Love\" for Ronnie Milsap in 1974. Later in the 1970s, Rabbitt helped to develop the crossover-influenced sound of country music prevalent in the 1980s with such hits as \"Suspicions\" and \"Every Which Way but Loose\" (the theme from the film of the same title). His duets \"Both to Each Other (Friends and Lovers)\" and \"You and I\", with Juice Newton and Crystal Gayle, respectively, later appeared on the soap operas Days of Our Lives and All My Children.", "Q880228": "The University of Altdorf (German: Universit\u00e4t Altdorf) was a university in Altdorf bei N\u00fcrnberg, a small town outside the Free Imperial City of Nuremberg. It was founded in 1578 and received university privileges in 1622 and was closed in 1809 by Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria.", "Q682768": "Rossbodenstock is a mountain peak of the Saint-Gotthard Massif and part of the Lepontine Alps south of the Oberalp Pass. It is 2,836 metres (9,304 ft) high; its peak is located on the border between the cantons of Uri and Graub\u00fcnden, which follows the ridge from north to south.\nThe source of the Rein da Tuma, the source of the Rhine is on the eastern flank of the mountain.", "Q3551686": "Tunis University (Arabic: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u200e, French: Universit\u00e9 de Tunis) is a university in Tunis, Tunisia. It was founded in 1960 on the basis of earlier educational establishments.\nThe University of Tunis is a member of the Mediterranean University Union (UNIMED) and of Agence universitaire de la Francophonie.\n\n", "Q156776": "Swiss International Air Lines AG (stylised as SWISS), commonly referred to as Swiss or Swiss Air Lines, is the flag carrier of Switzerland, operating scheduled services in Europe and to North America, South America, Africa and Asia. Zurich Airport serves as the hub, Geneva Airport as a focus city. The airline was formed following the bankruptcy in 2002 of Swissair, Switzerland's then flag carrier. The new airline was built around what had been Swissair's regional subsidiary, Crossair. Swiss retains Crossair's IATA code LX (Swissair's code was SR). It assumed Swissair's old ICAO code of SWR (Crossair's was CRX), to maintain international traffic rights. It is a member of Star Alliance and a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group. Its headquarters are at EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg near Basel, Switzerland, and an office at Zurich Airport in Kloten, Switzerland. The company's registered office is in Basel.", "Q192052": "Peter Facinelli (born November 26, 1973) is an American actor and producer. He starred as Donovan \"Van\" Ray on the Fox series Fastlane from 2002 to 2003. He played Dr. Carlisle Cullen in the film adaptations of the Twilight novel series, and is also known for his role as Mike Dexter in the 1998 film Can't Hardly Wait. Facinelli was a regular on the Showtime comedy-drama series Nurse Jackie, portraying the role of Dr. Fitch \"Coop\" Cooper. He portrayed Maxwell Lord on the first season of the TV series Supergirl.", "Q601307": "Athol Fugard (born 11 June 1932) is a South African playwright, novelist, actor, and director widely regarded as \u201cSouth Africa\u2019s greatest playwright.\u201d He is best known for his political plays opposing the system of apartheid and for the 2005 Oscar-winning film of his novel Tsotsi, directed by Gavin Hood. Acclaimed as \u201cthe greatest active playwright in the English-speaking world\u201d by Time Magazine in 1985, Fugard continues to write and has published over thirty plays. Fugard was an adjunct professor of playwriting, acting and directing in the Department of Theatre and Dance at the University of California, San Diego. He is the recipient of many awards, honours, and honorary degrees, including the 2005 Order of Ikhamanga in Silver \"for his excellent contribution and achievements in the theatre\" from the government of South Africa. He is also an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. He was honoured in Cape Town with the opening of the Fugard Theatre in District Six in 2010, and received a Tony Award for lifetime achievement in 2011.", "Q53186": "Krzysztof \u201eGraba\u017c\u201d Grabowski (born March 13, 1965 in Pi\u0142a) \u2013 Polish poet, singer, author of lyrics and music for songs by bands Pid\u017cama Porno, Strachy Na Lachy, R\u0119ce Do G\u00f3ry and Lavina Cox.\nHis lyrics are functioning also as poetry - they were released for the first time in 1994 in \"Welwetowe Swetry\". The book contained 46 song lyrics from the bands R\u0119ce do G\u00f3ry, Pid\u017cama Porno, and Lavina Cox and was released by Wydawnictwo Lampa i Iskra Bo\u017ca (ISBN 83-901125-4-X). In 1997 there was a reedition of that book (ISBN 83-86735-21-X), containing 63 song lyrics (most of them with guitar chords). In 2008 Lampa released \"Wiersze\"(ISBN 978-83-89603-58-6), a book with all the lyrics written by Grabowski.", "Q288918": "Focus are a Dutch progressive rock band formed in Amsterdam in 1969 by keyboardist, vocalist, and flautist Thijs van Leer. The band has undergone numerous formations in its history. Since December 2016, it has comprised van Leer, drummer Pierre van der Linden, guitarist Menno Gootjes, and bassist Udo Pannekeet. Past members include guitarist Jan Akkerman, drummer Hans Cleuver and bassists Martijn Dresden, Bert Ruiter and Bobby Jacobs. They have sold one million RIAA-certified albums in the United States.After the addition of Akkerman to van Leer's rock trio in late 1969, the band named themselves Focus and were the pit band for the Dutch production of the rock musical Hair. Their debut album Focus Plays Focus (1970) gained little attention, but their follow-up album Moving Waves (1971), and its lead single \"Hocus Pocus\", earned the band international recognition. Their success continued with Focus 3 (1972) and Hamburger Concerto (1974), the former containing their second hit single, \"Sylvia\". After two additional albums recorded with various musicians, Focus dissolved in 1978. They reunited in 1985, 1990, 1998 and 2002. \nIn 2002, van Leer reformed Focus with a new line-up. The albums Focus 8 (2002), Focus 9 / New Skin (2006) and Focus X (2012) were well received, and Focus continue to perform worldwide. Their most recent album is Focus 11 (2018). They received a renewed interest after Nike used \"Hocus Pocus\" in its 2010 World Cup commercial Write The Future. Focus remain one of the most successful and influential rock bands from the Netherlands.", "Q89488": "Oskar Korschelt (September 18, 1853 in Berthelsdorf \u2013 July 4, 1940 in Leipzig; some sources erroneously give him the name Oscar or Otto) was a German chemist and engineer who introduced the Asian strategy board game of Go to Europe, especially to Germany and Austria.\nHe was an industrial chemist working in the brewing industry. He arrived in Japan in 1875, teaching at Tokyo Medical School, which next year was merged into Tokyo University. In 1880 he gave up his academic position, then working on soil analysis for the Japanese government. He left Japan in 1884.\nHe learned about the game from Honinbo Shuho while in Japan. It is reported that they played on a six-stone handicap. After his return he lived in Leipzig.\nHe published a detailed article Das japanisch-chinesische Spiel Go, ein Konkurrent des Schach on Go in the journal Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Natur und V\u00f6lkerkunde Ostasiens in 1880/1. This report contained detailed commentaries on expert games. A few years later he published a book based on articles Das \"Go\"-Spiel from 1884, drawing on several Japanese sources.", "Q887553": "Daniel Kirkwood \"Kirk\" Fordice Jr. (February 10, 1934 \u2013 September 7, 2004), was an American politician and businessman who served as the 61st Governor of Mississippi from 1992 to 2000. His tenure was marked by racial tensions, an extramarital affair with his high school sweetheart, and a subsequent divorce from his wife of 44 years to marry her. He was the first Republican governor of the state since Reconstruction-era governor Adelbert Ames, who served from 1874 to 1876, and the first governor elected to two consecutive four-year terms (following a 1987 amendment to the state constitution). Fordice was a staunch conservative, running on a pro-business, anti-crime, low-tax, family values platform.A successful businessman, Fordice took over his father's construction company and became a millionaire. He ran for governor in 1991 as a Republican, championing various conservative causes. \nAlthough initially popular among voters, Fordice gained notoriety for his controversial statements. He opposed affirmative action, championed anti-crime programs, led welfare reform efforts, and proudly touted his conservative Christian views. Many non-white voters and impoverished or disadvantaged Mississippians protested against the Fordice administration. He was also criticized by environmentalists, who viewed Fordice as a denier of science.", "Q34109": "Fargo is a city in and the county seat of Cass County, North Dakota, United States. The most populous city in the state, it accounts for nearly 17% of the state population. According to the 2018 United States Census estimates, its population was 124,844, making it the 222nd-most populous city in the United States. Fargo, along with its twin city of Moorhead, Minnesota, as well as the adjacent cities of West Fargo, North Dakota and Dilworth, Minnesota, form the core of the Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in 2018 contained a population of 245,471.Founded in 1871 on the Red River of the North floodplain, Fargo is a cultural, retail, health care, educational, and industrial center for eastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. The city is also home to North Dakota State University.", "Q212826": "West Bromwich ( (listen) BROM-itch) is a market town in the borough of Sandwell, West Midlands, England. Historically part of Staffordshire, it is 6.4 miles (10.3 km) northwest of Birmingham. West Bromwich is part of the area known as the Black Country, in terms of geography, culture, and dialect. West Bromwich had a population of almost 78,000 in 2018.Initially a rural village, West Bromwich's growth corresponded with that of the Industrial Revolution, owing to the area's natural richness in ironstone and coal, as well as its proximity to canals and railway branches. It led to the town becoming a centre for coal mining, brick making, the iron industry, and metal trades such as nails, springs, and guns. The town's primary economy developed into engineering, manufacturing, and the automotive industry through the early 20th century. During the Second World War, West Bromwich experienced bombing from the German Luftwaffe. It also suffered heavily during recessions in the mid 1970s, early 1980s, and late 2000s.The town is known for its football club, West Bromwich Albion, who have played in the town since the club's formation in 1878. It is also home to parts of Sandwell Valley Country Park and Sandwell Valley RSPB nature reserve.", "Q109266": "Dr. Otto Wiesheu (born October 31, 1944 in Zolling) is a German politician (CSU) from Bavaria and an expert on traffic.He is a lawyer. From 1975 to 1979 he was chief of the youth organization Jungen Union Bayern. Since 1974 he has been a member of the Bavarian Parliament. Since July 17, 1993 he has been Bavarian minister for traffic and the economy.On May 7, 2004 he was elected president of the Deutsch-Arabische Gesellschaft", "Q6088": "Alessandria (Italian pronunciation: [ales\u02c8sandrja] (listen); Piedmontese: Lissandria [li\u02c8s\u0251\u014bdrja]) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. The city is sited on the alluvial plain between the Tanaro and the Bormida rivers, about 90 kilometres (56 miles) southeast of Turin.\nAlessandria is also a major railway hub.", "Q695200": "William Nicholson (13 December 1753 \u2013 21 May 1815) was a renowned English chemist and writer on \"natural philosophy\" and chemistry, as well as a translator, journalist, publisher, scientist, inventor, patent agent and civil engineer.", "Q901736": "Not to be confused with the German philologist of the same name.\nHans Christian Hagedorn (6 March 1888 \u2013 6 October 1971) was the creator of NPH insulin and the founder of Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium, which is known today as Novo Nordisk.", "Q273214": "Sarina Suzuki (\u9234\u6728 \u7d17\u7406\u5948; born July 13, 1977) is a Japanese actress, gravure idol, singer, and tarento.\n\n", "Q377700": "Cry, the Beloved Country is a 1951 British drama film directed by Zolt\u00e1n Korda. Based on the novel of the same name by Alan Paton, it stars Canada Lee, Sidney Poitier, and Charles Carson. This film was Canada Lee's last film.", "Q787176": "Philippe Labro (born 27 August 1936) is a French author, journalist and film director. He has worked for RTL, Paris Match, TF1 and Antenne 2. He is a laureate of the Prix Interalli\u00e9, a French literary distinction founded in 1930, which was awarded for \u00abL'\u00c9tudiant \u00e9tranger\u00bb in 1986.\nAt the age of eighteen, he left France to study at Washington and Lee University in Virginia. He then travelled across the United States. On his return to Europe, he became a reporter. From 1960 to 1962, during the Algerian war, Labro was a member of the military. He then returned to his journalistic activities. While covering the JFK assassination for French newspaper France-Soir, he met Jack Ruby in Dallas days before he shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald; he was thus subsequently officially auditioned by the Warren Commission.\nHe has written and directed many films and was a close friend of Jean-Pierre Melville, as he recalls in the 2008 documentary Code Name Melville. From 1985 to 2000, he was director of programmes at RTL becoming the vice president of the station in 1992.\nIn April 2010, he became Commander of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur.", "Q326229": "William Waldorf \"Willy\" Astor, 1st Viscount Astor (March 31, 1848 \u2013 October 18, 1919), was a wealthy American-born attorney, politician, philanthropist, and newspaper publisher. Astor moved with his family to England in 1891, became a British subject in 1899, and was made a peer as Baron Astor in 1916 and Viscount Astor in 1917 for his contributions to war charities. He was a prominent member of the Astor family.", "Q724811": "Juliusz Kaden-Bandrowski (24 February 1885 in Rzesz\u00f3w \u2013 8 August 1944 in Warsaw) was a Polish journalist and novelist. Between 1933\u20131939 he was a secretary general of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature (Polska Akademia Literatury) in the Second Polish Republic.", "Q263007": "Neil Smith (born January 9, 1954) is a Canadian ice hockey broadcaster, and previously the general manager of both the New York Rangers from 1989\u20132000 and (briefly) the New York Islanders in 2006. He was also the owner and head coach of the Johnstown Chiefs of the ECHL. He last was the president, general manager, and governor of the Greenville Road Warriors of the ECHL. He now is an on-air analyst for the NHL Network.", "Q1801255": "Eduardo \"Lalo\" Guerrero (December 24, 1916 \u2013 March 17, 2005) was a Mexican-American guitarist, singer and farm labor activist best known for his strong influence on today's Latin musical artists.", "Q158997": "Russell Amos Kirk (October 19, 1918 \u2013 April 29, 1994) was an American political theorist, moralist, historian, social critic, and literary critic, known for his influence on 20th-century American conservatism. His 1953 book The Conservative Mind gave shape to the amorphous post\u2013World War II conservative movement. It traced the development of conservative thought in the Anglo-American tradition, giving special importance to the ideas of Edmund Burke. Kirk was considered the chief proponent of traditionalist conservatism. \nHe was also an accomplished author of Gothic and ghost story fiction.\n\n", "Q117058": "Lilian Uchtenhagen (7 September 1928 \u2013 6 September 2016) was a Swiss politician and economist.\nUchtenhagen was born in 1928 at Olten in the Canton of Solothurn, the daughter of a businessman. She studied political science at the University of Basel and at the London School of Economics and graduated in 1954 from the University of Basel.Uchtenhagen was one of the first ten women to be elected to the Swiss National Council, the Federal Assembly of Switzerland's Lower House, after women gained the right to vote in federal elections in 1971. She served in the National Council from 29 November 1971 to 24 November 1991. As the first female candidate in history, she received the nomination from the Social Democratic Party to fill one of the seats of in the Swiss Federal Council in 1983. She lost her bid to Otto Stich; the TIME magazine article \"Ladies Last\" states that she lost her bid because of male reluctance to allow for a woman to serve on the council.A resident of the Canton of Z\u00fcrich and the wife of Ambros Uchtenhagen, a Swiss psychiatrist, she served as the president of Z\u00fcrich's Coop retail chain from 1981 to 1997, and was president of the charitable organization Swissaid from 1998 to 2003.", "Q25393783": "Labyrinth is a historical television miniseries based on the 2005 novel of the same name by Kate Mosse. The setting jumps between modern and medieval France and follows two women (played by Vanessa Kirby and Jessica Brown Findlay) who are searching for the Holy Grail. Other cast members include Katie McGrath, Tom Felton, Sebastian Stan, Emun Elliott, Tony Curran, and John Hurt. Adrian Hodges adapted the novel for the series, which was directed by Christopher Smith.\nA German-South African co-production, the two-part series was filmed on location in the medieval town of Carcassonne in southwest France and Cape Town, South Africa. The executive producers were Tim Halkin, Liza Marshall, Ridley Scott, Tony Scott, Rola Bauer, Jonas Bauer, and Hodges.\nThe series aired in Canada, Korea, Poland and Portugal in autumn 2012, in Sweden in December 2012, the UK in March 2013, the U.S. in May 2014, and was set to air in Austria and Germany early 2013. The running time was originally announced, and is still stated on the official website, as being \"four hours\". However, the broadcast version only runs for three hours.", "Q99843": "Rudolf Sparing (1904\u20131955) was a German journalist. He was one of the founders of the newspaper Das Reich, serving as its editor between February 1943 and April 1945. Captured by the Red Army, he died in 1955 in a camp in Potma.", "Q88796": "Michael Niavarani (born April 29, 1968 in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian-Persian stand-up comedian in the tradition of Austrian cabaret, an author and a TV and movie actor. Niavarani, whose comedic work often draws on his inter-cultural upbringing, is a central figure of the Austrian cabaret scene. Since 1992, he has been director of the Kabarett Simpl, a famous Viennese cabaret that opened its doors in 1912. In 2010, Niavarani won the Austrian Kabarett Award. \nHe is also a three times winner of the Romy award.", "Q373566": "Adrian Mitchell FRSL (24 October 1932 \u2013 20 December 2008) was an English poet, novelist and playwright. A former journalist, he became a noted figure on the British Left. For almost half a century he was the foremost poet of the country's anti-Bomb movement. The critic Kenneth Tynan called him \"the British Mayakovsky\".Mitchell sought in his work to counteract the implications of his own assertion that, \"Most people ignore most poetry because most poetry ignores most people.\"In a National Poetry Day poll in 2005 his poem \"Human Beings\" was voted the one most people would like to see launched into space. In 2002 he was nominated, semi-seriously, Britain's \"Shadow Poet Laureate\". Mitchell was for some years poetry editor of the New Statesman, and was the first to publish an interview with the Beatles. His work for the Royal Shakespeare Company included Peter Brook's US and the English version of Peter Weiss's Marat/Sade.Ever inspired by the example of his own favourite poet and precursor William Blake, about whom he wrote the acclaimed Tyger for the National Theatre, his often angry output swirled from anarchistic anti-war satire, through love poetry to, increasingly, stories and poems for children. He also wrote librettos. The Poetry Archive identified his creative yield as hugely prolific.The Times said that Mitchell's had been a \"forthright voice often laced with tenderness.\" His poems on such topics as nuclear war, Vietnam, prisons and racism had become \"part of the folklore of the Left. His work was often read and sung at demonstrations and rallies.\"\n\n", "Q489685": "G\u00fcnzburg is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is a Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt and the capital of the Swabian district G\u00fcnzburg. This district was constituted in 1972 by combining the city of G\u00fcnzburg \u2013 which had not previously been assigned to a Kreis (district) \u2013 with the district of G\u00fcnzburg and the district of Krumbach.\nG\u00fcnzburg lies where the river G\u00fcnz enters the Danube, and has a population of about 20,350.", "Q452081": "Pierre Jamet (21 April 1893 in Orl\u00e9ans \u2013 17 June 1991 in Gargilesse-Dampierre) was a French harpist and pedagogue. A pupil of Alphonse Hasselmans at the Conservatoire de Paris, he became professor of harp there from 1948 to 1963, succeeding Marcel Tournier.\nHe is the father of harpist Marie-Claire Jamet.", "Q78317": "Peter Porsch (born October 15, 1944 in Vienna) is a German academic and politician. From 1990 till 2009 he was a member of the Parliament of Saxony for the far-left party Die Linke. He headed the parliamentary group of his party between 1994 and 2009.He was raised in Austria, but settled in the German Democratic Republic in 1973, taking East German citizenship in 1979. From 1970 until the 1980s he was an informant for the Stasi under the code name IM Christoph, as was later established by the Commissioner for the Stasi Archives.In the 1973 he took a job at the \"Karl Marx University\" (as it was then known) in Leipzig, initially as a research assistant and later as a senior researcher in the Department for German Studies / Linguistics, which he had already studied for his first degree at Vienna University from 1962 till 1968. He pursued his academic career at Leipzig for more than three decades, obtaining his habilitation in 1981 for work on \"Text evaluation as a Method for gathering language-communicative norms\". and obtaining a professorship in 1988.He was fired from his job at the University of Leipzig in 2004 without any notice period, after his Stasi past was revealed.Porsch became a member of the SED in 1982. From 1991 to 1995 and from 1997 to 2001 he was chairman of the Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus in Saxony, and was elected to the Parliament of Saxony in 1990, and has headed the PDS/Die Linke faction since 1994. He was vice president of the PDS from 2000 to 2003.\nOn May 11, 2006, the Parliament of Saxony decided with great majority to open a case against Porsch at the Constitutional Court of Saxony in order to revoke his parliamentary seat, according to article 118 of the Saxon Constitution, as a consequence of his Stasi past. The case was denied in November that year for formal reasons, since the time limit to open a case was exceeded.", "Q216498": "Andrey Vladimirovich Kolesnikov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432) is a Russian journalist, an author of a series of books about Anatoly Chubais.\nHe worked in Izvestia, and since 1988 he had been a deputy editor of The New Times (Russia). He is also a columnist for Vedomosti.", "Q40688": "Ioannis \"Yanis\" Varoufakis (Greek: \u0399\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \"\u0393\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2\" \u0392\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c6\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2, romanized: Io\u00e1nnis Georg\u00edou \"Gi\u00e1nis\" Varouf\u00e1kis, pronounced [\u02c8\u029danis varu\u02c8fakis]; born 24 March 1961) is a Greek economist, academic, philosopher and politician. He has been Secretary-General of MeRA25, a left-wing political party, since he founded it in 2018. A former member of Syriza, he served as Minister of Finance from January to July 2015 under Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras. Varoufakis was a member of the Hellenic Parliament for Athens B from January to September 2015; he regained a parliamentary seat in July 2019.\nVaroufakis was born in Athens in 1961 and attended Moraitis School before moving to the United Kingdom, where he studied mathematics at the University of Essex before attaining a postgraduate degree in mathematical statistics at University of Birmingham and a PhD in economics at Essex. He began a career in academic economics, teaching at the universities of Essex, East Anglia and Cambridge between 1982 and 1988. Following Margaret Thatcher's third election victory in 1987, Varoufakis left the UK and moved to Australia, where he taught at the University of Sydney until 2000. After eventually acquiring Australian citizenship, he returned to Greece that year to teach at the University of Athens, where he led a doctoral program and was promoted to full professor in 2005. Following this, Varoufakis had periods of advising George Papandreou and working as the economist-in-residence for Valve before moving to the United States to teach at the University of Texas at Austin. Varoufakis has published a number of texts on economics and game theory, such as The Global Minotaur.\nIn January 2015, Varoufakis was appointed Greek Minister of Finance. He led negotiations with Greece's creditors during the government-debt crisis. However, he failed to reach an agreement with the European troika (European Commission, European Central Bank, and International Monetary Fund) leading to the 2015 bailout referendum. The referendum rejected the troika bailout terms, and the day afterwards Varoufakis resigned as Minister of Finance, being replaced by Euclid Tsakalotos. On 24 August, Varoufakis voted against the third bailout package; in the ensuing September snap election, he did not stand for reelection. Varoufakis has since appeared in numerous debates, lectures and interviews. In February 2016, he launched the Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 (DiEM25) and subsequently backed a Remain vote in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. In March 2018, he founded MeRA25, the \"electoral wing\" of DiEM25 in Greece. In the 2019 legislative election, MeRA25 was the sixth most voted-for party, amassing nine parliamentary seats, with Varoufakis himself returning to the Hellenic Parliament.\nIn December 2018, Varoufakis launched the Progressive International with United States Senator Bernie Sanders.", "Q236748": "Arash Labaf (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0634 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0641\u200e, pronounced [\u0252\u02d0\u02c8\u027e\u00e6\u0283 \u025b l\u00e6\u02c8bb\u0252\u02d0f]; born 23 April 1977), known mononymously as Arash, is a Swedish Iranian singer, entertainer and producer.\nHe represented Azerbaijan along with Aysel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009, finishing third with the song \"Always\". He is also one of the judges of Persia's Got Talent, a Persian franchise of the British talent show Got Talent.", "Q77024": "Lion Feuchtwanger (German: [\u02c8f\u0254\u026a\u00e7t\u02ccva\u014b\u0250]; 7 July 1884 \u2013 21 December 1958) was a German-Jewish novelist and playwright. A prominent figure in the literary world of Weimar Germany, he influenced contemporaries including playwright Bertolt Brecht.\nFeuchtwanger's Judaism and fierce criticism of the National Socialist German Workers Party, years before it assumed power, ensured that he would be a target of government-sponsored persecution after Adolf Hitler's appointment as chancellor of Germany in January 1933. Following a brief period of internment in France and a harrowing escape from Continental Europe, he found asylum in the United States, where he died in 1958.", "Q190889": "Alfred Spiro Moisiu (Albanian: [al\u02c8fr\u025bd spi'r\u0254 \u02c8m\u0254isiu] (listen); born 1 December 1929) is a former Albanian general, diplomat and politician. He served as President of Albania from 2002 to 2007. He is the oldest son of Albanian Army general, Spiro Moisiu.", "Q1148995": "Paul Stevens Otellini (October 12, 1950 \u2013 October 2, 2017) was an American businessman and one-time president and CEO of Intel. He was also on the board of directors of Google.", "Q70993": "Rudolph Ackermann (20 April 1764 in Schneeberg, Electorate of Saxony \u2013 30 March 1834 in Finchley, London) was an Anglo-German bookseller, inventor, lithographer, publisher and businessman.", "Q717203": "Constance Yu-Hwa Chung (born August 20, 1946) is an American journalist. She has been an anchor and reporter for the U.S. television news networks NBC, CBS, ABC, CNN, and MSNBC. Some of her more famous interview subjects include Claus von B\u00fclow and U.S. Representative Gary Condit, whom Chung interviewed first after the Chandra Levy disappearance, and basketball legend Magic Johnson after he went public about being HIV-positive. In 1993, she became only the second female to co-anchor a network newscast as part of CBS Evening News. She was removed in 1995 as CBS Evening News co-anchor after a controversial interview with a fireman, during rescue efforts at the Oklahoma City bombing, which seemed inappropriately combative, and her interview tactics to get Newt Gingrich's mother to admit her unguarded thoughts about Hillary Clinton.", "Q38733": "Helena () is the state capital of the U.S. state of Montana and the county seat of Lewis and Clark County.\nHelena was founded as a gold camp during the Montana gold rush, and established in 1864. Over $3.6 billion of gold was extracted in the city limits over two decades, making it one of the wealthiest cities in the United States by the late 19th century. The concentration of wealth contributed to the city's prominent, elaborate Victorian architecture.\nAt the 2010 census Helena's population was 28,190, making it the fifth least populous state capital in the United States and the sixth most populous city in Montana. It is the principal city of the Helena Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Lewis and Clark and Jefferson counties; its population is 77,414 according to the 2015 Census Estimate.The local daily newspaper is the Independent Record. Semi-professional sports teams include the Helena Bighorns Tier III Junior A hockey team. The city is served by Helena Regional Airport (HLN).", "Q354867": "Alan Wilson Watts (6 January 1915 \u2013 16 November 1973) was a British writer and speaker known for interpreting and popularising Buddhism, Taoism, and Hinduism for a Western audience. Born in Chislehurst, England, he moved to the United States in 1938 and began Zen training in New York. He received a master's degree in theology from Seabury-Western Theological Seminary and became an Episcopal priest in 1945. He left the ministry in 1950 and moved to California, where he joined the faculty of the American Academy of Asian Studies.Watts gained a following while working as a volunteer programmer at the KPFA radio station in Berkeley. He wrote more than 25 books and articles on religion and philosophy, introducing the emerging hippie counterculture to The Way of Zen (1957), one of the first bestselling books on Buddhism. In Psychotherapy East and West (1961), he argued that Buddhism could be thought of as a form of psychotherapy. He considered Nature, Man and Woman (1958) to be, \"from a literary point of view\u2014the best book I have ever written.\" He also explored human consciousness and psychedelics in works such as \"The New Alchemy\" (1958) and The Joyous Cosmology (1962).\n\n", "Q795214": "Bernard Greene, also known as B.G., the Prince of Rap, is an American rapper and Eurodance artist. He experienced modest success in Germany, where he lived after being posted by the U.S. Army.", "Q102455": "Ernst August Wilhelm Steinhoff (February 11, 1908 \u2013 December 2, 1987) was a rocket scientist and member of the \"von Braun rocket group\", at the Peenem\u00fcnde Army Research Center (1939\u20131945). Ernst Steinhoff saw National Socialist (Nazi) doctrines as \"ideals\" and became a member of the NSDAP in May 1937. He was a glider pilot, holding distance records, and had the honorary Luftwaffe rank of \"Flight Captain\".\nErnst Steinhoff earned his PhD at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt (today Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt) in 1940 with a dissertation on aviation instruments.\nHis younger brother Friedrich Steinhoff assisted rocket experiments while commanding U-511 in 1942. Ernst was among the scientists to surrender and travel to the United States to provide rocketry expertise via Operation Paperclip. Friedrich was captured aboard U-873 and committed suicide in a Boston jail before Ernst came to the United States on the first boat, November 16, 1945. with Operation Paperclip and Fort Bliss, Texas (1945-1949). He then moved to Holloman Air Force Base where he also worked closely with White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. He focused on guidance, control, and range instrumentation throughout his career. He was awarded the Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service in 1958 for his contributions to the US rocket program. In 1979 he was inducted into the New Mexico International Space Hall of Fame.Steinhoff is being credited as one of the first pioneers to popularize the concept of space resource utilization for Mars exploration. He became the first chairman of Working Group on Extraterrestrial Resources (WGER).\nAs of 1981, Mrs. Dixie Cantwell of Alamogordo, NM, was working on researching and writing the biography of \"Alamogordo's well-known scientist, Dr. Ernest A Steinhoff\". The status of said biography, and its progress remains unknown.", "Q227123": "Zo\u00eb E. Bell (born 17 November 1978) is a New Zealand stuntwoman and actress. Some of her most notable stunt work includes doubling for Lucy Lawless in Xena: Warrior Princess and for Uma Thurman in Kill Bill.\nAs an actress, she has appeared on television and in feature films; she has starred in the web series Angel of Death. She is probably most recognized for playing herself in the Quentin Tarantino film Death Proof. In 2015, she appeared in an acting role in Tarantino's film The Hateful Eight, and during 2019 appeared in an acting role in Tarantino's Once Upon a Time in Hollywood in addition to her role as stunt coordinator and stuntwoman.\nShe was Cate Blanchett's stunt double in the 2017 release Thor: Ragnarok.", "Q61120": "Wilhelm Schepmann (17 June 1894 \u2013 26 July 1970) was an SA general in Nazi Germany and the last Stabschef (Chief of Staff) of the Nazi Stormtroopers.\nSchepmann was an Obergruppenf\u00fchrer in the Nazi Party para-military branch known as the Sturmabteilung (SA) when he was appointed by Adolf Hitler to succeed Viktor Lutze as Stabschef (SA) in 1943. Lutze had died in May that year, after a serious car accident. However, by then the SA had been thoroughly marginalized as far as political power in Nazi Germany.\nSince January 1939, the role of the SA was officially mandated as a training school for the German armed forces with the establishment of the SA Wehrmannschaften (SA Military Units). Then with the September 1939 invasion of Poland, the SA lost most of its remaining members to military service in the Wehrmacht (armed forces). The SA officially ceased to exist in May 1945 when Nazi Germany was defeated and surrendered. The SA was banned by the Allied Control Council shortly after Germany's capitulation. In 1946, the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg formally judged the SA not to be a criminal organization.", "Q132596": "Tar\u014d As\u014d (\u9ebb\u751f \u592a\u90ce, As\u014d Tar\u014d, born 20 September 1940) is a Japanese politician who has been Deputy Prime Minister of Japan and Minister of Finance since December 2012. As\u014d previously served as Prime Minister of Japan from September 2008 to September 2009.\nAs\u014d was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1979. He served in numerous roles, including as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2005 to 2007, and became Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in 2008, having also held that role temporarily in 2007. He was later elected LDP President in September 2008, becoming Prime Minister the same month. He led the LDP to its worst election result in its history a year later, marking only the second time in post-war Japan that a governing party had lost re-election. The LDP returned to government following the 2012 election under Shinz\u014d Abe, and As\u014d was appointed to the Cabinet as Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister.", "Q84812": "Peter Brabeck-Letmathe (born 13 November 1944) is an Austrian businessman. He is the chairman emeritus, former chairman and CEO of the Nestl\u00e9 Group, and former chairman of Formula One.", "Q112646": "Elvin Ernesto Santos Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez (born 18 January 1963 in Tegucigalpa) was Vice President of Honduras between 27 January 2006 and 18 November 2008, when he resigned to stand as a Liberal Party candidate for the Presidency in the 2009 elections. For the 2005 election the constitution was amended to create a single vice-president. (Hondurans previously elected three 'presidential designates' on a ticket along with the presidential candidate.) Although Santos served as Vice President under the presidency of Manuel Zelaya, he distanced himself from Zelaya since there were conflicts between the two politicians. He was also against the fourth ballot box referendum that Zelaya promoted.", "Q953070": "Parkano is a town and municipality in Finland.\nIt is located 84 kilometres (52 mi) north of Tampere in the Pirkanmaa region. The population of Parkano is 6,470 (January 31, 2019) and the municipality covers an area of 852.16 km2 (329.02 sq mi) of which 57.50 km2 (22.20 sq mi) is inland water (January 1, 2018). The population density is 7.59/km2 (19.7/sq mi).\nThe municipality is unilingually Finnish.", "Q164908": "Alois Ra\u0161\u00edn (18 October 1867 in Nechanice, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary \u2013 18 February 1923 in Prague, Bohemia, Czechoslovakia) was a Czech and Czechoslovakian politician, economist, one of the founders of Czechoslovakia and first Ministry for Finance. He was the author of the first law of Czechoslovakia and creator of the country's currency, the Czechoslovakian koruna. Ra\u0161\u00edn was a representant of conservative liberalism and was mortally wounded in assassination for being viewed as a head of the nation's capitalism.", "Q560999": "Th\u00e9ophraste Renaudot (December 1586 \u2013 25 October 1653) was a French physician, philanthropist, and journalist.\nBorn in Loudun, Renaudot received a doctorate of medicine from the University of Montpellier in 1606. He returned to Loudon where he met Cardinal Richelieu and P\u00e8re Joseph. In the 1610s, Richelieu became more powerful and Renaudot followed him to Paris. Renaudot, born a Protestant, converted to Catholicism. He became the physician of Louis XIII of France.In 1630, Renaudot opened the bureau d'adresse et de rencontre, where prospective employers and employees could find each other. With the support of Richelieu, he established the first weekly newspaper in France, La Gazette, in 1631. Starting in 1633, he organized weekly public conferences on subjects of interest and published the proceedings; the conferences were discontinued in 1642, when Richelieu died. About 240 conference proceedings were translated into English and published in London in 1664 and 1665.\nRenaudot opened the mont-de-pi\u00e9t\u00e9, the first pawnshop in Paris, in 1637. Appointed \"General Overseer of the Poor\" by Richelieu, he initiated a system of free medical consultations for the poor (1640). In 1642 he published a self-diagnostic handbook, the first treatise on diagnosis in France.\nAfter the deaths of his benefactors, Richelieu and Louis XIII, Renaudot lost his permission to practice medicine in Paris, due to the opposition of Guy Patin and other academic physicians. Cardinal Mazarin made Renaudot Historiographer Royal to the new king, Louis XIV (Latin: Historiographus Regius) in 1646.\nRenaudot died in Paris, in 1653.\nMark Tungate in 2007 termed him the \"first French journalist\" and the \"inventor of the personal ad\".", "Q77742": "Gottlieb Konrad Pfeffel (28 June 1736 \u2013 1 May 1809) was a French-German writer and translator from the Pfeffel family. His texts were put to music by Ludwig van Beethoven, Joseph Haydn and Franz Schubert. He is sometimes also known as Am\u00e9d\u00e9e or Th\u00e9ophile Conrad Pfeffel, which is the French translation of Gottlieb (\"Godlove\").", "Q2299832": "Mushroom Records was an Australian flagship record label, founded in 1972 in Melbourne. It published and distributed many successful Australian artists and expanded internationally, until it was merged with Festival Records in 1998. Festival Mushroom Records was later acquired by Warner Bros. Records, which operated the label from 2005 to 2010 until it folded to Warner Bros. Records. Founder Michael Gudinski is now the leader of the Mushroom Group, the largest independent music and entertainment company in Australia.", "Q530176": "Franco Diogene (20 October 1947 \u2013 27 May 2005) was an Italian actor and comedian.", "Q1691511": "Joseph Anthony \"Joe\" Magnarelli (born January 19, 1960) is an American jazz trumpeter and flugelhornist.\nMagnarelli was born in Syracuse, New York. He received a bachelor's degree from SUNY-Fredonia in 1982 and began playing in New York City in 1986. He was a member of Lionel Hampton's ensemble (1987\u201389) and worked with Brother Jack McDuff from 1989 to 1994. He cofounded the New York Hard Bop Quintet in 1991 and led his own ensembles in the 1990s, often with John Swana and Jerry Weldon. He also worked as a sideman with Toshiko Akiyoshi, Laverne Butler, Harry Connick, Jr., the Buddy Rich band (after Rich's death), Maria Schneider, Gary Smulyan, Grant Stewart, the Vanguard Jazz Orchestra, Walt Weiskopf, and Ben Wolfe.", "Q64058": "K\u00f6niz (German pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u00f8\u02d0n\u026at\u0361s]) is a statistical town, however considers itself still as a village, and a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district right on the southern border to Bern in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. The municipality of K\u00f6niz as a single settlement would belong to the 15 most populous towns in Switzerland. It is also part of the larger agglomeration of Bern of about 400,000 inhabitants.\nThe official language of K\u00f6niz is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q908712": "The Black Dahlia Murder is an American death metal band from Waterford, Michigan, formed in 2001. Their name is derived from the 1947 unsolved murder of Elizabeth Short, often referred to as Black Dahlia. The band currently comprises lead vocalist Trevor Strnad, rhythm guitarist Brian Eschbach, bassist Max Lavelle, drummer Alan Cassidy, and lead guitarist Brandon Ellis. Out of the eight studio albums they have released to date, the last seven have charted on the U.S. Billboard 200, with their fifth album Ritual peaking at No. 31 in 2011, marking them as one of the most popular contemporary American extreme metal bands. Their ninth and latest album Verminous was released on April 17, 2020.", "Q232248": "Two of a Kind is a 1983 American romantic fantasy comedy film directed by John Herzfeld and starring John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John. The film reunited Travolta and Newton-John who had appeared together in 1978's Grease. The original musical score was composed by Patrick Williams. Travolta plays a cash-strapped inventor while Newton-John plays the bank teller whom he attempts to rob. They must come to show compassion for one another in order to delay God's judgment upon the Earth. Despite being a critical and commercial failure, Two of a Kind yielded three popular singles for Newton-John and a Platinum certification for the soundtrack.", "Q418188": "Akiko D\u014dmoto (\u5802\u672c \u6681\u5b50, D\u014dmoto Akiko, born July 31, 1932) was the governor of Chiba Prefecture in Japan from 2001 to 2009. A graduate of Tokyo Woman's Christian University, she was the first female governor of Chiba and the third in Japanese history. She was first elected in 2001. In September 2001 she canceled a controversial plan to reclaim the Sanbanze wetlands as landfill. Historian Jeff Kingston called this act \"a major victory for activists.\"", "Q182533": "David Alliance, Baron Alliance, CBE (Persian: \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0633\u200e, Hebrew: \u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d0\u05e0\u05e1\u200e; born 15 June 1932) is an Iranian-British businessman and Liberal Democrat politician of Iranian origin.", "Q110051": "Annette Pehnt (born 25 July 1967 in K\u00f6ln) is a German writer and literary critic. She lives in Freiburg in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.\nAfter graduating from school in 1986 Pehnt performed voluntary social work in Belfast (Northern Ireland). After a year living in Scotland, she studied English, Celtic studies and German language and literature at the universities in K\u00f6ln, Galway (Ireland), Berkeley (California) and Freiburg (Breisgau). After her master's degree and the first national examination in 1994, graduation followed in 1997 at the University of Freiburg with a work on Irish literature.\nSince 1992 Annette Pehnt, married and mother of three children, has lived as a literature critic and self-employed author in Freiburg and teaches at the university there. For her literary work, she was awarded the F\u00f6rderpreis in 2001, the artist's prize of Northrhine-Westphalia and the Mara-Cassens-prize (2002).\n\n", "Q377066": "The Institut de France (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u025b\u0303stity d\u0259 f\u0281\u0251\u0303s], Institute of France) is a French learned society, grouping five acad\u00e9mies, including the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.\nThe Institute, located in Paris, manages approximately 1,000 foundations, as well as museums and ch\u00e2teaux open for visit. It also awards prizes and subsidies, which amounted to a total of over \u20ac27 million per year in 2017. Most of these prizes are awarded by the Institute on the recommendation of the acad\u00e9mies.", "Q3142419": "Telarc International Corporation is an American audiophile independent record label founded in 1977 by two classically trained musicians and former teachers, Jack Renner and Robert Woods. Based in Cleveland, Ohio, the label has had a long association with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra and the Cleveland Orchestra, as well as with the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra. Although it started as a classical music label, Telarc has released jazz, blues and country music recordings.\nIn 1996, Telarc merged with another independent label, Heads Up, now a Telarc subsidiary. In late 2005 both Telarc and Heads Up were bought by Concord Records. Today both labels operate as semi-autonomous units in the Concord Music Group.", "Q383681": "Yvonne Sanson (29 August 1925 \u2013 23 July 2003) was a Greek film actress. She appeared in 46 films between 1946 and 1972, mainly working in Italy.", "Q287395": "Michael R. Norris (born October 4, 1962) is an American actor who has acted in over two dozen films. He is the son of the actor and martial arts champion Chuck Norris and his first wife, Dianne Holechek. He starred in the 1986 drama film Born American and the 1991 action film Delta Force 3: The Killing Game. He also directed and starred in the 2009 Christian film Birdie & Bogey.", "Q4666021": "Abdullah Ki\u011f\u0131l\u0131 (born 1943 in Malatya) is a Turkish businessman. He originates from Ki\u011f\u0131, Bing\u00f6l and his family name Ki\u011f\u0131l\u0131 means \"person from Ki\u011f\u0131\".Ki\u011f\u0131l\u0131 is owner of the Ki\u011f\u0131l\u0131 company, one of the leading clothing brands in Turkey, founded in 1965. He is a graduate of Istanbul High School.\nHe serves as the vice-president of Fenerbah\u00e7e SK since 22 May 2009 and also been board member between 14 June 1998-20 February 2000.He was elected President of the Turkish Football Federation, serving between 9 September and 23 October 1997.\n\n", "Q485901": "James Paul Marsden (born September 18, 1973) is an American actor, singer, and former model. Marsden began his acting career guest-starring in the television shows Saved by the Bell: The New Class, Touched by an Angel, and Party of Five. He gained prominence with his portrayal of Scott Summers / Cyclops in the X-Men film series and starred in 2006's Superman Returns. In 2016 and 2018, Marsden starred as gunslinger/sentient android Teddy Flood in the HBO science fiction series Westworld, as part of the main ensemble.\nFollowing his breakthrough in comic book films, Marsden went on to star in various genre films including 2007's Hairspray which was a critical and commercial success and won many awards for its ensemble cast. As Corny Collins, he sang two songs for the film's soundtrack which has been certified Platinum by the RIAA. He has had starring roles in family-friendly films such as Enchanted and Hop and leading man roles in 27 Dresses and The Best of Me. \nMarsden later starred in a range of independent films such as Small Apartments, Bachelorette, and Robot & Frank. He also returned to television guest-starring in Modern Family and playing Liz Lemon's love interest, Criss Chros in 30 Rock in a supporting role. Marsden then portrayed President John F. Kennedy in Lee Daniels's The Butler and had a supporting role in Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues. Marsden played Tom Wachowski in the Sonic the Hedgehog film.\n\n", "Q109500": "Harry Naujoks (September 18, 1901 \u2013 October 20, 1983) was a German anti-fascist and communist and survivor of Sachsenhausen concentration camp.", "Q106633": "Gerhard Menzel (29 September 1894 \u2013 4 May 1966) was a German screenwriter. He wrote for 38 films between 1933 and 1965. He was supported of Nazism and worked for Nazi propaganda. He was responsible for writing the script of Heimkehr, one of the most infamous pieces of Nazi cinema, which featured racism and hateful images of Poles.He was born in Waldenburg, Lower Silesia, Germany (now Walbrzych, Poland) and died in Comano, Ticino, Switzerland.", "Q361604": "Leonard Roberts (born November 17, 1972) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Sean Taylor in Drumline and for playing Forrest Gates in the fourth season of Buffy the Vampire Slayer and DL Hawkins in the first season of Heroes.", "Q319967": "Carl Bernstein ( BURN-steen; born February 14, 1944) is an American investigative journalist and author.\nWhile a young reporter for The Washington Post in 1972, Bernstein was teamed up with Bob Woodward; the two did much of the original news reporting on the Watergate scandal. These scandals led to numerous government investigations and the eventual resignation of President Richard Nixon. The work of Woodward and Bernstein was called \"maybe the single greatest reporting effort of all time\" by longtime journalism figure Gene Roberts.Bernstein's career since Watergate has continued to focus on the theme of the use and abuse of power via books and magazine articles. He has also done reporting for television and opinion commentary. He is the author or co-author of six books: All the President's Men, The Final Days, and The Secret Man, with Bob Woodward; His Holiness: John Paul II and the History of Our Time, with Marco Politi; Loyalties; and A Woman in Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton. Additionally, he is a regular political commentator on CNN.", "Q1081": "Mathew Stephen Walker, better known by the stage name Julio Bashmore, is an English house music producer and DJ.", "Q772302": "Paul Harvey Aurandt (September 4, 1918 \u2013 February 28, 2009), better known as Paul Harvey, was a conservative American radio broadcaster for ABC News Radio. He broadcast News and Comment on weekday mornings and mid-days and at noon on Saturdays, as well as his famous The Rest of the Story segments. From 1952 through 2008, his programs reached as many as 24 million people per week. Paul Harvey News was carried on 1,200 radio stations, 400 American Forces Network stations, and 300 newspapers.", "Q131074": "The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King is a 2003 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson, based on the third volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. The film is the third instalment in The Lord of the Rings trilogy and was produced by Barrie M. Osborne, Jackson and Fran Walsh, and written by Walsh, Philippa Boyens and Jackson. The film features an ensemble cast including Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Liv Tyler, Viggo Mortensen, Sean Astin, Cate Blanchett, John Rhys-Davies, Bernard Hill, Billy Boyd, Dominic Monaghan, Orlando Bloom, Hugo Weaving, Miranda Otto, David Wenham, Karl Urban, John Noble, Andy Serkis, Ian Holm, and Sean Bean. It was preceded by The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) and The Two Towers (2002).\nContinuing the plot of The Two Towers, Frodo, Sam and Gollum are making their final way toward Mount Doom in Mordor in order to destroy the One Ring, unaware of Gollum's true intentions, while Gandalf, Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli and the rest are joining forces together against Sauron and his legions in Minas Tirith.\nThe Return of the King was financed and distributed by American studio New Line Cinema, but filmed and edited entirely in Jackson's native New Zealand, concurrently with the other two parts of the trilogy. It premiered on 1 December 2003 at the Embassy Theatre in Wellington and was theatrically released on 17 December 2003 in the United States, and on 18 December 2003 in New Zealand. The film was highly acclaimed by critics and fans alike, who considered it to be a landmark in filmmaking and the fantasy film genre. It grossed $1.142 billion worldwide, making it the highest-grossing film of 2003 and the second highest-grossing film of all time at the time of its release, as well as being only the second film in history to cross the $1 billion mark at the global box office.The Return of the King is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential fantasy films ever made. The film received numerous accolades; at the 76th Academy Awards it won all eleven awards for which it was nominated: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Art Direction, Best Costume Design, Best Film Editing, Best Makeup, Best Original Score, Best Original Song for \"Into the West\", Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects, therefore tying for the record for the most Academy Awards won by a single film and holding the record for the highest clean sweep at the Oscars.\n\n", "Q939524": "Saul Kussiel Padover (April 13, 1905 \u2013 February 22, 1981) was a historian and political scientist at the New School for Social Research in New York City who wrote biographies of philosophers and politicians such as Karl Marx and Thomas Jefferson.\n\n", "Q253891": "Wendy Jane Crewson (born May 9, 1956) is a Canadian actress and producer. She began her career appearing on Canadian television, before her breakthrough role in 1991 dramatic film The Doctor.\nCrewson has appeared in many Hollywood films, including The Good Son (1993), The Santa Clause (1994) and its sequels The Santa Clause 2 (2002) and The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause (2006), as well as Air Force One (1997), Bicentennial Man (1999), What Lies Beneath (2000), The 6th Day (2000), and Eight Below (2006). She also starred in a number of independent movies, such as Better Than Chocolate (1999), Suddenly Naked (2001), Perfect Pie (2002), Away from Her (2006) and Room (2015).\nCrewson has won six Gemini Awards and two Canadian Screen Awards for her performances on television. She played leading roles in a number of television films, include playing Joanne Kilbourn in six movies based on novels by Gail Bowen. She had recurring roles on American television series 24 and Revenge, and from 2012 to 2017 co-starred in the CTV medical drama Saving Hope.", "Q139428": "Regina Dourado (August 22, 1952 \u2013 October 27, 2012) was a Brazilian film and television actress.Dourado was born in Irec\u00ea, Bahia, Brazil, on August 22, 1952. She joined the Companhia Baiana de Com\u00e9dias, a theater group, when she was fifteen years old. She became known for numerous television, film and theater roles throughout her career.\nDourado died at the Hospital Portugu\u00eas in Salvador, Brazil, on October 27, 2012, at the age of 60. Dourado, who had battled breast cancer since 2003, was survived by her son, Leonardo Dourado.", "Q929737": "Liver disease (also called hepatic disease) is a type of damage to or disease of the liver. Whenever the course of the problem lasts long, chronic liver disease ensues.", "Q704294": "Erri De Luca (born 1950, Naples) is an Italian novelist, translator and poet. He has been recognized by critic Giorgio De Rienzo of Corriere della Sera as \"the writer of the decade\". He is also known for his opposition to the Lyon-Turin high speed train line, and is being sued for having called for its sabotage. On October 19, 2015 Erri De Luca was cleared of inciting criminal damage. He reacted to the not-guilty verdict declaring that \"An injustice has been avoided.\"", "Q171450": "John Paton Laurie (25 March 1897 \u2013 23 June 1980) was a Scottish actor. In the course of his career, Laurie performed on the stage and in films as well as television. He is perhaps best remembered for his role as Private Frazer in the sitcom Dad's Army (1968\u20131977). Laurie appeared in scores of feature films with directors such as Alfred Hitchcock, Michael Powell, and Laurence Olivier, generally playing bit-parts or supporting roles rather than leading roles. As a stage actor, he was cast in Shakespearean roles and was a speaker of verse, especially of Robert Burns.", "Q1386503": "Jody Reynolds (December 3, 1932 \u2013 November 7, 2008) was an American rock and roll singer, guitarist, and songwriter whose song \"Endless Sleep\" was a major U.S. top-ten hit in the summer of 1958. His follow-up single, \"Fire of Love\", peaked at only No. 66 on the Billboard chart, but the song went on to become a blues-punk classic after being covered by the MC5 and the Gun Club.\nReynolds was a regular on the \"oldies\" circuit and a successful businessman in the U.S. Southwest. Beginning in the 1980s several compilations of his music were issued in the U.S. and Europe, and he enjoyed modest acclaim as a pioneer of rockabilly music.\nIn 1999 Reynolds was honored with both a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars in Palm Springs, California, and induction into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.", "Q212173": "Roger Joseph Ebert (; June 18, 1942 \u2013 April 4, 2013) was an American film critic, historian, journalist, screenwriter, and author. He was a film critic for the Chicago Sun-Times from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, Ebert became the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism.\nEbert and Chicago Tribune critic Gene Siskel helped popularize nationally televised film reviewing when they co-hosted the PBS show Sneak Previews, followed by several variously named At the Movies programs. The two verbally sparred and traded humorous barbs while discussing films. They created and trademarked the phrase \"two thumbs up,\" used when both gave the same film a positive review. After Siskel died in 1999, Ebert continued hosting the show with various co-hosts and then, starting in 2000, with Richard Roeper.\nNeil Steinberg of the Chicago Sun-Times said Ebert \"was without question the nation's most prominent and influential film critic,\" Tom Van Riper of Forbes described him as \"the most powerful pundit in America,\" and Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times called him \"the best-known film critic in America.\"Ebert was diagnosed with cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands in 2002. In 2006, he required treatment that necessitated the removal of his lower jaw, leaving him severely disfigured and without the ability to speak or eat normally. His ability to write remained unimpaired and he continued to publish frequently online and in print until his death on April 4, 2013.\n\n", "Q72809": "Angelika Schrobsdorff (24 December 1927 \u2013 30 July 2016) was a German writer and actress.\n\n", "Q25789": "Karlskrona (UK: , US: , Swedish: [ka\u026ds\u02c8kr\u00fb\u02d0na] (listen) or [karls\u02c8kr\u00fb\u02d0na]) is a locality and the seat of Karlskrona Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 66,675 inhabitants in 2018. It is also the capital of Blekinge County. Karlskrona is known as Sweden's only baroque city and is host to Sweden's only remaining naval base and the headquarters of the Swedish Coast Guard.", "Q715399": "Robert Marion Berry (born August 27, 1942) is an American politician who was the U.S. Representative for Arkansas's 1st congressional district from 1997 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party.", "Q503557": "Robert Lewis Taylor (September 24, 1912 \u2013 September 30, 1998) was an American writer and winner of the 1959 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.\nBorn in Carbondale, Illinois, Taylor attended Southern Illinois University for one year. The university now houses his papers. He graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with a Bachelor of Arts in 1933. After college, he became a journalist and won awards for reporting. In 1939, he became a writer for The New Yorker magazine, contributing biographical sketches. His work also appeared in The Saturday Evening Post and Reader's Digest.\nFrom 1942 to 1946, Taylor served in the United States Navy during World War II. During his service, he wrote numerous stories and Adrift in a Boneyard, an extended fiction about survivors of a disaster. In 1949 The Saturday Evening Post commissioned a series of biographical sketches of W. C. Fields. He published them together as W. C. Fields: His Follies and Fortunes. Taylor continued to write biographies, including one of Winston Churchill, as well as fiction.\nTaylor's 1958 novel The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters, about a fourteen-year-old and his father in the California Gold Rush, won the Pulitzer Prize and was purchased for a film, but eventually became a television series instead. A Journey to Matecumbe was adapted in 1976 as the Disney movie Treasure of Matecumbe. His novel Professor Fodorski served as the basis for the 1962 musical All American.\nTaylor died on September 30, 1998, six days after his 86th birthday.", "Q290602": "Matthew Scott Murphy (born January 26, 1970) is an American entrepreneur and a former U.S. Representative for New York's 20th congressional district, having served a portion of one term from April 2009 until January 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party and during his term was a member of the Blue Dog Coalition in Congress. He was defeated in his attempt to attain election to a full term on November 2, 2010. Prior to re-districting in 2013 after the 2010 census, the 20th district centered on much of the eastern portion of New York's Capital District.\n\n", "Q170996": "Gala\u021bi (UK: , US: , Romanian: [\u0261a\u02c8lats\u02b2] (listen); also known by other alternative names) is the capital city of Gala\u021bi County, in the historical region of Moldavia, eastern Romania. Gala\u021bi is a port town on the Danube River. In 2011, the Romanian census recorded 249,432 residents, making it the 8th most populous city in Romania. Gala\u021bi is an economic centre based around the port of Gala\u021bi, the naval shipyard, and the largest steel mill in Romania, Gala\u021bi steel works.", "Q201669": "Bad Religion is an American punk rock band that formed in Los Angeles, California in 1980. The band's lyrics cover topics related to religion, politics, and science. Musically, they are noted for their melodic sensibilities and extensive use of three-part vocal harmonies. The band has experienced multiple line-up changes, with singer Greg Graffin being the band's only constant member, though fellow founding members Jay Bentley and Brett Gurewitz have since rejoined, and guitarist Brian Baker has performed with the group since 1994. The most recent additions to the band are guitarist Mike Dimkich and drummer Jamie Miller, who joined in 2013 and 2015 respectively. To date, Bad Religion has released seventeen studio albums, two live albums, three compilation albums, three EPs, and two live DVDs. They are considered to be one of the best-selling punk rock acts of all time, having sold over five million albums worldwide.After gaining a large underground following and critical praise through their releases on Gurewitz's label Epitaph in the 1980s and early 1990s, Bad Religion experienced mainstream success after signing to the major label Atlantic in 1993, and along with California-based bands like Green Day, The Offspring, NOFX and Rancid, they were responsible for punk rock revival movement of the 1990s. Their seventh studio album and Atlantic debut, Recipe for Hate (1993), peaked at number 14 on Billboard's Heatseekers chart, and spawned one of their most popular songs \"American Jesus\". The band's 1994 follow-up Stranger than Fiction was also very successful, and included the hit singles \"Infected\", \"Stranger than Fiction\" and the re-recorded version of \"21st Century (Digital Boy)\"; the album was later certified gold, both in the United States and Canada.\nShortly before the release of Stranger than Fiction, Gurewitz left Bad Religion to run his label Epitaph on a full-time basis (in response to the success of the label's then-artists the Offspring and Rancid), and was replaced by Brian Baker. Since Gurewitz's return to the band and their split with Atlantic in 2001, they have undergone a resurgence in popularity, with \"Sorrow\", \"Los Angeles Is Burning\" and \"The Devil in Stitches\" being Top 40 hits on the US charts, and their sixteenth studio album True North (2013) becoming Bad Religion's first album to crack the top 20 on the Billboard 200 chart, where it peaked at number 19. The band's seventeenth and most recent studio album, Age of Unreason, was released on May 3, 2019.", "Q691933": "The Helsenhorn is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps, overlooking Binn in the Swiss canton of Valais. With a height of 3,272 metres above sea level, it is the highest summit of the Binntal. The border with Italy runs approximately 200 metres south-east of the summit and culminates at 3,247 metres.\nThe east side of the Helsenhorn consists of a large face overlooking the Kriegalp Pass (2,494 m). On the west side is a small glacier named Helsengletscher.", "Q1772113": "Fred Kavli (August 20, 1927 \u2013 November 21, 2013) was a Norwegian-American businessman and philanthropist. He was born on a small farm in Eresfjord, Norway. He founded the Kavlico Corporation, located in Moorpark, California. Under his leadership, the company became one of the world's largest suppliers of sensors for aeronautic, automotive, and industrial applications supplying General Electric and the Ford Motor Company.In 2000 he established The Kavli Foundation to \"advance science for the benefit of humanity and to promote public understanding and support for scientists and their work\". The Foundation's mission is implemented through an international program of research institutes, professorships, and symposia in the scientific fields of astrophysics, nanoscience, neuroscience, and theoretical physics. The foundation awards the Kavli Prize in astrophysics, nanoscience, and neuroscience.\nHe was featured in the media primarily for his philanthropic efforts.", "Q380363": "Jack Tramiel ( tr\u0259-MEL; born Idek Trzmiel; December 13, 1928 \u2013 April 8, 2012) was a Polish American businessman, best known for founding Commodore International. The Commodore PET, Commodore VIC-20 and Commodore 64 are some home computers produced while he was running the company. Tramiel later formed Atari Corporation after he purchased the remnants of the original Atari, Inc. from its parent company.", "Q354654": "Glenn Danzig (born Glenn Allen Anzalone; June 23, 1955) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer from Lodi, New Jersey. He is the founder of the bands Misfits, Samhain and Danzig. He owns the Evilive record label as well as Verotik, an adult-oriented comic book publishing company.\nBeginning in the mid-1970s, Danzig's musical career has encompassed a number of genres through the years, including punk rock, heavy metal, industrial, blues and classical music. He has also written songs for other musicians, most notably Johnny Cash and Roy Orbison.As a singer, Danzig is noted for his baritone voice and tenor vocal range; his style has been compared to those of Elvis Presley, Jim Morrison, and Howlin' Wolf. Danzig has also cited Bill Medley as a vocal influence.", "Q2959591": "Charles Lawson of Borthwick Hall (1795\u20131873) was a Scottish nurseryman and merchant, noted for the introduction of foreign crops into the United Kingdom. He served as Lord Provost of Edinburgh from 1862 to 1865.", "Q48559": "Hamed Abdel-Samad (Arabic: \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062f\u200e, \u1e24\u0101mid \u02bfAbd a\u1e63-\u1e62amad, IPA: [\u02c8\u0127\u00e6\u02d0med \u0295\u00e6bdes\u02c8s\u02e4\u0251m\u0251d]; born in 1972) is a German-Egyptian political scientist and author.", "Q5046268": "Carrie Mae Weems (born April 20, 1953) is an American artist who works with text, fabric, audio, digital images, and installation video, and is best known for her work in the field of photography. Her award-winning photographs, films, and videos have been displayed in over 50 exhibitions in the United States and abroad, and focus on serious issues that face African Americans today, such as racism, sexism, politics, and personal identity.\nShe said, \"Let me say that my primary concern in art, as in politics, is with the status and place of Afro-Americans in the country.\" More recently however, she expressed that \"Black experience is not really the main point; rather, complex, dimensional, human experience and social inclusion ... is the real point.\"\n\n", "Q3376923": "Peter John Thomson (born 25 April 1965) is a Canadian rally race car driver with Thomson Motorsport, and a venture capitalist.", "Q240153": "\u00c9lisabeth Depardieu (n\u00e9e \u00c9lisabeth Dominique Lucie Guignot; born 5 August 1941) is a French actress, writer, co-producer, ex-wife of actor G\u00e9rard Depardieu and mother of actors Guillaume and Julie.", "Q51008": "John Evans Fiifi Atta Mills (21 July 1944 \u2013 24 July 2012) was a Ghanaian politician and legal scholar who served as President of Ghana from 2009 to 2012. He was inaugurated on 7 January 2009, having defeated the ruling party candidate Nana Akufo-Addo in the 2008 election. Previously he was Vice-President from 1997 to 2001 under President Jerry Rawlings, and he stood unsuccessfully in the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections as the candidate of the National Democratic Congress (NDC). He is the first Ghanaian head of state to die in office.\n\n", "Q173247": "Alfonso Thiele (5 April 1920 \u2013 15 July 1986) was a racing driver who held dual citizenship of the United States and Italy, though he spent most of his life in Italy. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 4 September 1960. He scored no championship points. Most of his career was spent in sports car racing.", "Q365489": "Adolph Simon Ochs (March 12, 1858 \u2013 April 8, 1935) was an American newspaper publisher and former owner of The New York Times and The Chattanooga Times (now the Chattanooga Times Free Press).", "Q776164": "Pierre Berthier (French pronunciation: \u200b[pj\u025b\u0281 b\u025b\u0281tje]; 3 July 1782, Nemours, Seine-et-Marne \u2013 24 August 1861) was a French geologist and mining engineer.\nPierre Berthier was born in Nemours. After studying at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique, he went to the \u00c9cole des Mines, where he became chief of the laboratory in 1816. In 1821, while working in the village of Les Baux-de-Provence, in southern France, he discovered the rock bauxite, named for the place of its discovery. He also discovered the mineral Berthierite, which was named after him. In addition to numerous contributions in mineralogy and mining, Berthier is also noted for his research into blast furnaces and for the utilization of phosphates by plants.\nThe detailed register of homosexuals, then maintained by the Paris police prefecture, mention him as a lover of soldiers.", "Q3168569": "Jean Paul Lanfranchi is a French lawyer and businessman.\nHe is one of the best-known French entrepreneurs of the business development in Africa.", "Q2563": "Roman Herzog (5 April 1934 \u2013 10 January 2017) was a German politician, judge and legal scholar, who served as President of Germany from 1994 to 1999. A member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), he was the first president to be elected after the reunification of Germany. He previously served as a judge of the Federal Constitutional Court, and he was the President of the court 1987\u20131994. Before his appointment as a judge he was a professor of law. He received the 1997 Charlemagne Prize.", "Q2409049": "Jacques Veyrat (born 1962) is a French businessman.", "Q251738": "Faust Vran\u010di\u0107 (Latin: Faustus Verantius; Italian: Fausto Veranzio; Hungarian and Vernacular Latin: Verancsics Faustus) (circa 1551 \u2013 January 17, 1617) was a polymath and bishop from \u0160ibenik, then part of the Venetian Republic and today part of Croatia.", "Q313279": "John Leslie Coogan (October 26, 1914 \u2013 March 1, 1984) was an American actor and comedian who began his movie career as a child actor in silent films.Charlie Chaplin's film classic The Kid (1921) made him one of the first child stars in the history of Hollywood. He later sued his mother and stepfather over his squandered film earnings and provoked California to enact the first known legal protection for the earnings of child performers, the California Child Actors Bill, widely known as the Coogan Act. Coogan continued to act throughout his life, later earning renewed fame in middle age portraying bumbling Uncle Fester in the 1960s television series The Addams Family.", "Q49121": "Harvard Medical School (HMS) is the graduate medical school of Harvard University and is located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1782, HMS is one of the oldest medical schools in the United States and is consistently ranked first for research among medical schools by U.S. News & World Report. Unlike most other leading medical schools, HMS does not operate in conjunction with a single hospital but is directly affiliated with several teaching hospitals in the Boston area. Affiliated teaching hospitals and research institutes include Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana\u2013Farber Cancer Institute, and Boston Children's Hospital.\n\n", "Q1370295": "Pierre Hanta\u00ef (born 28 February 1964, Paris) is a French conductor and harpsichordist.", "Q729306": "Carlos Garc\u00eda Montoya (13 December 1903 \u2013 3 March 1993) in Madrid, Spain, was a prominent flamenco guitarist and a founder of the modern-day popular flamenco style of music.", "Q84147": "Anna Karenina is a 1997 American period drama film written and directed by Bernard Rose and starring Sophie Marceau, Sean Bean, Alfred Molina, Mia Kirshner and James Fox. Based on the 1877 homonymous novel by Leo Tolstoy, the film is about a young and beautiful married woman who meets a handsome count, with whom she falls in love. Eventually, the conflict between her passionate desires and painful social realities leads to depression and despair.\nThe film is the only international version filmed entirely in Russia, at locations in Saint Petersburg and Moscow.", "Q277099": "Raphael Sbarge (born February 12, 1964) is an American actor, director and producer. He is best known for his roles as Archie Hopper/Jiminy Cricket in Once Upon a Time and Kaidan Alenko in the Mass Effect trilogy. Between 2014 and 2016, he portrayed Inspector David Molk in the TNT series Murder in the First. He is also known for voicing Carth Onasi in the video game Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic and its sequel.", "Q7432601": "The School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC) is a private university associated with the Art Institute of Chicago (AIC) in Chicago, Illinois. Tracing its history to an art students' cooperative founded in 1866, which grew into the museum and school, SAIC has been accredited since 1936 by the Higher Learning Commission, by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design since 1944 (charter member), and by the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD) since the associations founding in 1991. Additionally it is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board. In a 2002 survey conducted by Columbia University's National Arts Journalism Program, SAIC was named the \u201cmost influential art school\u201d in the United States.\n\nIts downtown Chicago campus consists of seven buildings located in the immediate vicinity of the AIC building. SAIC is in an equal partnership with the AIC and share many administrative resources such as design, construction, and human resources. The campus, located in the Loop, comprises chiefly five main buildings: the McLean Center (112 S. Michigan Ave.), the Michigan building (116 S Michigan Ave), the Sharp (36 S. Wabash Ave.), Sullivan Center (37 S. Wabash Ave.), and the Columbus (280 S. Columbus Dr.). SAIC also holds classes in the Spertus building at 610 S. Michigan. SAIC owns additional buildings throughout Chicago that are used as student galleries or investments. There are three dormitory facilities: The Buckingham, Jones Hall, and 162 N State Street residencies.", "Q264783": "Edith Gonz\u00e1lez Fuentes (Spanish pronunciation: [e\u02c8\u00f0it gon\u02c8sales]; 10 December 1964 \u2013 13 June 2019) was a Mexican actress and dancer. She is best remembered and known for her works on multiple telenovelas produced by Televisa, TV Azteca and Telemundo. \ninc\nGonz\u00e1lez made her acting debut on the telenovela produced by Televisa Cosa juzgada in 1970. She would later start a prominent career on multiple telenovelas produced by the same company, with her most famous works including Los ricos tambi\u00e9n lloran (1979), Bianca Vidal (1982), Coraz\u00f3n salvaje (1993), Salom\u00e9 (2001), Mundo de fieras (2006), Palabra de mujer (2007) and Camaleones (2009\u20132010). In 2011, she moved to TV Azteca, the second best-known multimedia company in Mexico, where she starred in the telenovelas Cielo rojo (2011), Vivir a destiempo (2013) and Las Bravo (2014).\nShe also starred in the telenovelas produced by Telemundo Do\u00f1a B\u00e1rbara (2008) and Eva la Trailera in 2016, with the latter being her last leading acting role. Her last televised work was in 2019 as judge on the fashion program produced by TV Azteca, Este es mi estilo.\nIn film, she made her debut in the television film Un cuento de Navidad (1974). Beginning in films, she had little roles as an uncredited or extra actress in movies such as Alucarda, la hija de las tinieblas (1977), Cyclone (1978) and Guyana: Crime of the Century (1979). Continuing her career in films her most famous works included Trampa Infernal (1989), Sal\u00f3n M\u00e9xico (1996), Se\u00f1orita Justice (2004), Poquita ropa (2011) and Deseo (2013).\nAs well as being actress of television and films, she also participated on plays such as Aventurera (theatrical adaptation of the film with the same name) produced by Carmen Salinas. For her work as an actress in films and telenovelas, she was nominated and awarded with prizes such as the Diosas de Plata and Heraldo de M\u00e9xico.", "Q1362691": "Bartosz Waglewski (Fisz) born March 19, 1978 in Warszawa, Poland is an award-winning Polish rap artist. He is the son of musician Wojciech Waglewski and older brother of Emade (Piotr Waglewski). He studied at Europejska Akademia Sztuk (EAS).\nThe musical style of Fisz is unconventional. At the very beginning of his career he started out as a hip-hop artist, but went experimental soon after releasing Tworzywo Sztuczne \u2013 Wielki Ci\u0119\u017cki S\u0142o\u0144 in 2004. Fisz and his producer Emade seek inspiration in black music giving soul, funk and jazz touch to their projects. His lyrics are often based on wordplay.\nIn 2008, he founded a rock band Kim Nowak together with his brother Emade and Micha\u0142 Sobolewski. The band released two studio albums, Kim Nowak (2010) and Wilk (2012).\nInternationally he gave concerts on stages of London, Berlin, Bordeaux, Calvi, Dijon, Marseille, Vienna, Budapest, Prague, Paris and Saint Vallier.\n\n", "Q4803277": "Asadollah Asgaroladi (3 March 1934 \u2013 13 September 2019) was an Iranian business magnate, with business interests in exports, banking, real estate and healthcare.", "Q80321": "Halld\u00f3r Kiljan Laxness (Icelandic: [\u02c8haltour \u02c8c\u02b0\u026aljan \u02c8laxsn\u025bs] (listen); born Halld\u00f3r Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson; 23 April 1902 \u2013 8 February 1998) was an Icelandic writer and winner of the 1955 Nobel Prize in Literature. He wrote novels, poetry, newspaper articles, essays, plays, travelogues and short stories. Major influences included August Strindberg, Sigmund Freud, Knut Hamsun, Sinclair Lewis, Upton Sinclair, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway.", "Q101809": "Thomas Schneider (born 6 September 1964, in G\u00f6ttingen) is a German Egyptologist.", "Q138050": "Otis Grey Pike (August 31, 1921 \u2013 January 20, 2014) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York.", "Q621028": "Major Sir Malcolm Campbell (11 March 1885 \u2013 31 December 1948) was a British racing motorist and motoring journalist. He gained the world speed record on land and on water at various times during the 1920s and 1930s using vehicles called Blue Bird, including a 1921 Grand Prix Sunbeam. His son, Donald Campbell, carried on the family tradition by holding both land speed and water speed records.", "Q418605": "Akio Mori (\u68ee \u662d\u751f, Mori Akio, born October 17, 1972), better known by the name Musashi (\u6b66\u8535), is a Japanese former professional karateka and kickboxer. He is a four-time K-1 Japan tournament champion, a former WAKO Heavyweight Muay Thai champion and two-time K-1 World Grand Prix finalist. Following a 14-year career, he announced his retirement at a press conference in Tokyo on August 26, 2009.He holds notable wins over Ray Sefo, Peter Aerts, Masaaki Satake and Rick Roufus.", "Q171336": "The Slovaks (or Slovakians; Slovak: Slov\u00e1ci, singular: Slov\u00e1k, feminine: Slovenka, plural: Slovenky) are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak the Slovak language.\nIn Slovakia, c. 4.4 million are ethnic Slovaks of 5.4 million total population. There are Slovak minorities in many neighboring countries including Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine and sizeable populations of immigrants and their descendants in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, United Kingdom and the United States among others, which are collectively referred to as the Slovak diaspora.", "Q1343887": "Hilmar August Reksten (29 October 1897 \u2013 1 July 1980) was a Norwegian shipping magnate. In the autumn of 1973 he was counted among the world's richest men, possessing a fleet worth about \u00a3300,000,000. At his death in 1980, all was lost; he left behind a debt of about \u00a3100,000,000.", "Q204077": "Cao Cao (pronunciation ; [ts\u02b0\u01ceu ts\u02b0\u00e1u]; Chinese: \u66f9\u64cd; c.\u2009155 \u2013 15 March 220), courtesy name Mengde, was a Chinese warlord and poet. He was the penultimate Chancellor of the Eastern Han dynasty who rose to great power in the final years of the dynasty. As one of the central figures of the Three Kingdoms period, he laid the foundations for what was to become the state of Cao Wei and ultimately the Jin dynasty, and was posthumously honoured as \"Emperor Wu of Wei\" although he never was an emperor during his life time. He is often portrayed as a cruel and merciless tyrant in subsequent literature; however, he has also been praised as a brilliant ruler and military genius with unrivalled charisma who treated his subordinates like his family. He is still a very disputed historical figure but there is no question that he was the most successful warlord of his time.\nDuring the fall of the Eastern Han dynasty, Cao Cao was able to secure the most of Northern China that was the most populated and developed part of China. Cao Cao was also very successful to restore public order and rebuild economy as the Han chancellor but his handling of the Han Emperor Xian was heavily criticised as Cao Cao's power went way beyond the emperor's. Opposition directly gathered around warlords Liu Bei and Sun Quan, whom Cao Cao was unable to quell.\nCao Cao was also skilled in poetry, calligraphy and martial arts and wrote many war journals including remarks added to famour the Art of War written by Sun Tzu.", "Q1061446": "Kanjani Eight (\u95a2\u30b8\u30e3\u30cb\u221e\uff08\u30a8\u30a4\u30c8\uff09, Kanjani Eito, stylized as Kanjani\u221e) is a five-member Japanese boy band from Japan's Kansai region. They are managed by the multimedia talent agency, Johnny & Associates, and signed to Imperial Records. The group was formed in 2002 and made their CD debut in 2004 as \"Johnny's modern enka group\", though after the year 2006, their sound and style has become a mix of pop and rock. Like the rest of the acts managed under Johnny & Associates, Kanjani Eight also perform in various other areas of the Japanese entertainment industry such as variety show hosting, television, movie, and stage acting, and radio talk show hosting. They sold 17 million copies in Japan.", "Q52267": "Bofflens is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q2068654": "Kommunarka shooting ground (Russian: \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0433\u043e\u043d \u00ab\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u00bb) was an execution site of the NKVD located near Kommunarka, Moscow Oblast from 1937 to 1941.\nAccording to the Federal Security Service, approximately 10,000 people were killed and buried in mass graves at Kommunarka during its operation by the NKVD as part of the political repression in the Soviet Union. Kommunarka shooting ground is now a Russian Orthodox cemetery and memorial site located in present-day Novomoskovsky Administrative Okrug, Moscow.", "Q431297": "Jonathan Mark Wilson (born 9 July 1976) is a British sports journalist and author who writes for a number of publications, including The Guardian and Sports Illustrated. He is a columnist for World Soccer and Unibet and founder and editor of The Blizzard. He also appears on The Guardian's football podcast, \"Football Weekly\".", "Q233817": "Deborah Ann Gibson (born August 31, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter, record producer and actress. Gibson released her debut album Out of the Blue in 1987, which spawned several international hits, later being certified triple Platinum by the RIAA. One of those singles, \"Foolish Beat\", made Gibson the youngest female artist to write, produce and perform a Billboard Hot 100 number-one single. Her double-platinum second album Electric Youth (1989), gave Gibson another U.S. number-one hit with \"Lost in Your Eyes\". Gibson is the sole songwriter on all of her singles to reach the Top 20 of the Hot 100 charts. She was recognized by ASCAP as Songwriter of the Year, along with Bruce Springsteen, in 1989. She continued to record and release music throughout the 1990s and 2000s. In 2006, Gibson reached No. 24 on the U.S. adult contemporary chart with \"Say Goodbye\", a duet with Jordan Knight, and in 2017 achieved her highest-charting hit in more than 25 years in her duet with Sir Ivan, \"I Am Peaceman\". Gibson's latest single \"Girls Night Out (Tracy Young Remixes)\" became her first Top 5 on a Billboard Dance chart in over 30 years. In addition to music, she has gone on to starring roles on Broadway and touring musicals, including playing Eponine in Les Mis\u00e9rables and Sandy in Grease, as well as television and independent film work.", "Q2859591": "Ras Araya Selassie Yohannes (Tigrinya: \u12a0\u122d\u12a0\u12eb \u1225\u1233\u1234 \u12ee\u1210\u1295\u1235, araya \u015b\u0259llase yohann\u0259s; \"horse name\" Abba Deblaq; (1869/70 \u2013 10 June 1888) was a son of atse Yohannes IV from his wife Masitire Selassie, a daughter of a Muslim Afar chieftain whom he married after she was Christened. Araya was nominated Crown Prince.Araya was the first husband of Zewditu (later Empress), the daughter of atse Menelik II, having married her in January 1883. He was given the command of Wollo province at the time of his wedding. Because of a revolt raised in Wollo due to the death of dejazmach Amda Sadiq, chief of Tekaledere, in a quarrel with Araya's followers, Yohannes IV decided to appoint ras Mikael Ali, the traditional claimant to the lordship of Wollo. Ras Araya was transferred to Begemder and Dembaya in May 1886. In 1887-88, when the country was facing the Italian threat, he was commander of 40,000 troops near Adwa.\nAraya died in his youth from smallpox, when the Emperor was returning from a campaign against the Italians at Seati (Battle of Dogali) His only son, by a weyzero Negesit, a lady from Wollo, was leul ras Gugsa Araya.", "Q667069": "Gustav Ludwig Go\u00dfler (4 April 1879 \u2013 4 April 1940) was a German rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics.\nHe was part of the German boat Germania Ruder Club, Hamburg, which won the gold medal in the coxed fours final B.", "Q639673": "The Conservative Party (in Spanish: Partido Conservador, PCon) of Chile was one of the principal Chilean political parties since its foundation in 1836 until 1948, when it broke apart. In 1953 it reformed as the United Conservative Party and in 1966 joined with the Liberal Party to form the National Party. The Conservative Party was a right-wing party, originally created to be the clericalist, pro-Catholic Church group.", "Q15138": "Titlis is a mountain of the Uri Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Obwalden and Bern. At 3,238 metres (10,623 ft) above sea level, it is the highest summit of the range north of the Susten Pass, between the Bernese Oberland and Central Switzerland. It is mainly accessed from Engelberg (OW) on the north side and is famous as the site of the world's first rotating cable car. The cable car system connects Engelberg (996 m (3,268 ft)) to the summit of Klein Titlis (3,028 m (9,934 ft)) through the three stages of Gerschnialp (1,262 m (4,140 ft)), Tr\u00fcbsee (1,796 m (5,892 ft)) and Stand (2,428 m (7,966 ft)).\nThe last part of cable car leads above the glacier. At Klein Titlis, it is possible to visit an illuminated glacier cave from an entrance within the cable-car station, which also includes shops and restaurants. The Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps. Many people use Mt.Titlis as a cheaper and easier option than Jungfraujoch.", "Q75814": "Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (; German: [v\u028ant]; 16 August 1832 \u2013 31 August 1920) was a physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founders of modern psychology. Wundt, who distinguished psychology as a science from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. He is widely regarded as the \"father of experimental psychology\". In 1879, at University of Leipzig, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research. This marked psychology as an independent field of study. By creating this laboratory he was able to establish psychology as a separate science from other disciplines. He also formed the first academic journal for psychological research, Philosophische Studien (from 1881 to 1902), set up to publish the Institute's research.A survey published in American Psychologist in 1991 ranked Wundt's reputation as first for \"all-time eminence\" based on ratings provided by 29 American historians of psychology. William James and Sigmund Freud were ranked a distant second and third.", "Q1557465": "Guy Davis (born May 12, 1952) is an American blues guitarist, banjo player, and actor. He is the second child and the only son of the late actors Ruby Dee and Ossie Davis.\n\n", "Q167540": "William Leonard Laurence (March 7, 1888 \u2013 March 19, 1977) was a Lithuanian-born American Jewish journalist known for his science journalism writing of the 1940s and 1950s while working for The New York Times. He won two Pulitzer Prizes and, as the official historian of the Manhattan Project, was the only journalist to witness the Trinity test and the atomic bombing of Nagasaki. He is credited with coining the iconic term \"Atomic Age\" which became popular in the 1950s. He is also one of the first ones to have compared the atomic bomb to a monster which may have influenced movies such as the The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms and Godzilla: \"It kept struggling in an elemental fury, like a creature in act of breaking the bonds that held it down\" and \"a monstrous prehistoric creature\".", "Q1718": "D\u00fcsseldorf (often Dusseldorf in English sources; UK: , US: , German: [\u02c8d\u028fsl\u0329d\u0254\u0281f] (listen); Low Franconian and Ripuarian: D\u00fcsseld\u00f6rp ([\u02c8d\u028fsl\u0329d\u0153\u0250\u032fp]); archaic Dutch: Dusseldorp) is the capital and second-largest city of the most populous German state of North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne, and the seventh-largest city in Germany, with a population of 617,280. At the confluence of the Rhine and its tributary D\u00fcssel, the city lies in the centre of both the Rhine-Ruhr and the Rhineland Metropolitan Regions with the Cologne Bonn Region to its south and the Ruhr to its north. Most of the city lies on the right bank of the Rhine (as opposed to Cologne, whose city centre lies on the river's left bank). The city is the largest in the German Low Franconian dialect area (closely related to Dutch). \"Dorf\" meaning \"village\" in German, the \"-dorf\" suffix (English cognate: thorp) is unusual in the German-speaking area for a settlement of D\u00fcsseldorf's size.\nMercer's 2012 Quality of Living survey ranked D\u00fcsseldorf the sixth most livable city in the world. D\u00fcsseldorf Airport is Germany's third-busiest airport after those of Frankfurt and Munich, serving as the most important international airport for the inhabitants of the densely populated Ruhr, Germany's largest urban area. D\u00fcsseldorf is an international business and financial centre, renowned for its fashion and trade fairs, and is headquarters to one Fortune Global 500 and two DAX companies. Messe D\u00fcsseldorf organises nearly one fifth of premier trade shows. As second largest city of the Rhineland, D\u00fcsseldorf holds Rhenish Carnival celebrations every year in February/March, the D\u00fcsseldorf carnival celebrations being the third most popular in Germany after those held in Cologne and Mainz.There are 22 institutions of higher education in the city including the Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf, the university of applied sciences (Hochschule D\u00fcsseldorf), the academy of arts (Kunstakademie D\u00fcsseldorf) (Joseph Beuys, Emanuel Leutze, August Macke, Gerhard Richter, Sigmar Polke, and Andreas Gursky), and the university of music (Robert-Schumann-Musikhochschule D\u00fcsseldorf). The city is also known for its pioneering influence on electronic/experimental music (Kraftwerk) and its Japanese community.\n\n", "Q131706": "Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (German: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 \u2013 29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands, and Parma. By marriage, she was Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress.\nShe started her 40-year reign when her father, Emperor Charles VI, died in October 1740. Charles VI paved the way for her accession with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and spent his entire reign securing it. He neglected the advice of Prince Eugene of Savoy, who averred that a strong military and a rich treasury were more important than mere signatures. Eventually, he left behind a weakened and impoverished state, particularly due to the War of the Polish Succession and the Russo-Turkish War (1735\u20131739). Moreover, upon his death, Saxony, Prussia, Bavaria, and France all repudiated the sanction they had recognised during his lifetime. Frederick II of Prussia (who became Maria Theresa's greatest rival for most of her reign) promptly invaded and took the affluent Habsburg province of Silesia in the seven-year conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession. In defiance of the grave situation, she managed to secure the vital support of the Hungarians for the war effort. Over the course of the war, despite the loss of Silesia and a few minor territories in Italy, Maria Theresa successfully defended her rule over most of the Habsburg empire. Maria Theresa later unsuccessfully tried to reconquer Silesia during the Seven Years' War.\nMaria Theresa and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, had eleven daughters, including the Queen of France, the Queen of Naples and Sicily, the Duchess of Parma, and five sons, including two Holy Roman Emperors, Joseph II and Leopold II. Of the sixteen children, ten survived to adulthood. Though she was expected to cede power to Francis and Joseph, both of whom were officially her co-rulers in Austria and Bohemia, Maria Theresa was the absolute sovereign who ruled with the counsel of her advisers.\nMaria Theresa promulgated institutional, financial and educational reforms, with the assistance of Wenzel Anton of Kaunitz-Rietberg, Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz and Gerard van Swieten. She also promoted commerce and the development of agriculture, and reorganised Austria's ramshackle military, all of which strengthened Austria's international standing. However, she despised the Jews and the Protestants, and on certain occasions she ordered their expulsion to remote parts of the realm. She also advocated for the state church and refused to allow religious pluralism. Consequently, her regime was criticized as intolerant by some contemporaries.", "Q129149": "Katsumasa Suzuki (\u9234\u6728 \u514b\u660c, Suzuki Katsumasa, born 14 November 1943) is a Japanese politician who is a member of House of Representatives for the Tomorrow Party of Japan. He was formerly a member of the Democratic Party of Japan.\nBorn in Gamag\u014dri, Aichi he graduated from Nihon University with a degree in economics. He was elected for the first time in 2003 after an unsuccessful run in 2000.", "Q109299": "Aykut Kayac\u0131k (born 1962) is a Turkish-German actor.", "Q458235": "Miko\u0142aj Rej or Miko\u0142aj Rey of Nag\u0142owice (4 February 1505 \u2013 between 8 September/5 October 1569) was a Polish poet and prose writer of the emerging Renaissance in Poland as it succeeded the Middle Ages, as well as a politician and musician. He was the first Polish author to write exclusively in the Polish language, and is considered (with Biernat of Lublin and Jan Kochanowski), to be one of the founders of Polish literary language and literature.", "Q304711": "Presque rien (meaning Almost Nothing, which is also the UK release title; the U.S. title is Come Undone) is a 2000 French-Belgian romantic drama film directed by Sebastien Lifshitz, set in Brittany, depicting a stormy holiday romance between two 18-year-olds and what remains of that relationship eighteen months later.", "Q443173": "Richard Parry (born 22 December 1942 in Kentford, Suffolk, England) is an English saxophonist. He has appeared as a session musician on various albums by modern bands and artists, and is probably best known for his solo parts on the Pink Floyd songs \"Money\", \"Us and Them\", \"Shine On You Crazy Diamond\" and \"Wearing the Inside Out\". He also played on the Bloodstone album Riddle of the Sphinx.", "Q3141851": "Huang Yan (born 1966 in Jilin province, China) is a multimedia artist, Taoist, and businessman based in Beijing. He graduated from the Changchun Normal Academy in 1987, and is currently a lecturer at Changchun University.In 1999, Huang Yan began a series of paintings/photographs of traditional Chinese landscape paintings using the human body as a canvas, called Chinese Landscapes. Both Feng Boyi and Ai Weiwei noticed his artwork, including it in their controversial Fuck Off exhibition in 2000 in Shanghai. His art can relate to Chinese people and their culture, even though it is still considered contemporary art. The landscape paintings he uses come from the Song Dynasty, which is what most consider the most \"Chinese-looking\". On the other hand, the human body was seldom used in ancient Chinese art, which is what makes this art very contemporary.\n\n", "Q314502": "Jason Reitman ( ; born October 19, 1977) is a Canadian-American film director, screenwriter, and producer, best known for directing the films Thank You for Smoking (2005), Juno (2007), Up in the Air (2009), and Young Adult (2011). He has received one Grammy Award, one Golden Globe, and four Academy Award nominations, two of which are for Best Director. Reitman is a dual citizen of Canada and the United States. He is the son of director Ivan Reitman.\n\n", "Q228589": "Kiran Desai (born 3 September 1971) is an Indian author. Her novel The Inheritance of Loss won the 2006 Man Booker Prize and the National Book Critics Circle Fiction Award.In January 2015, The Economic Times, India's leading business publication, listed her as one of 20 \"most influential\" global Indian women.", "Q325907": "Lawrence John Romano (born July 31, 1963) better known as Larry Romano, is an American film and television actor.\nBorn on July 31, 1963, in Mount Vernon, New York, he was a regular on NYPD Blue and the sitcom The King of Queens, on which he played Richie Iannucci. He played First Base in the motion picture Lock Up. He had a lead role in the short-lived NBC sitcom Kristin as Aldo Bonnadonna, though the sitcom only aired 6 episodes, before being canceled.\nRomano made a cameo appearance in Out for Justice. In 1996, he played Tino Zapatti in the film City Hall and played a minor role in the film Sleepers. In 1997, he had a brief role playing opposite Al Pacino in the role of Benjamin \"Lefty\" Ruggerio's son in Donnie Brasco, and appeared in the 1998 Terrence Malick film The Thin Red Line. He also appeared in the 2010 film The Ascent, as well as in the 2015 film Laugh Killer Laugh.. Most recently Larry Romano played the role of Philip \"The Chicken Man\" Testa in the 2019 Martin Scorsese film \"The Irishman\".", "Q2211": "Malm\u00f6 (; Swedish: [\u02c8m\u00e2lm\u00f8\u02d0] (listen); Danish: Malm\u00f8 [\u02c8m\u00e6lm\u02cc\u00f8\u02c0]) is the largest city in the Swedish county (l\u00e4n) of Sk\u00e5ne (Scania). It is the third-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm and Gothenburg, and the sixth-largest city in Scandinavia, with a population of 316,588 (municipal total 338,230 in 2018). The Malm\u00f6 Metropolitan Region is home to over 700,000 people, and the \u00d8resund Region, which includes Malm\u00f6, is home to 4 million people.Malm\u00f6 was one of the earliest and most industrialized towns in Scandinavia, but it struggled to adapt to post-industrialism. Since the construction of the \u00d6resund Bridge, Malm\u00f6 has undergone a major transformation, producing new architectural developments, supporting new biotech and IT companies, and attracting students through Malm\u00f6 University and other higher education facilities. The city contains many historic buildings and parks, and is also a commercial center for the western part of Scania.", "Q84153": "Herv\u00e9 Guibert (14 December 1955 \u2013 27 December 1991) was a French writer and photographer. The author of numerous novels and autobiographical studies, he played a considerable role in changing French public attitudes to AIDS. He was a close friend of Michel Foucault.", "Q165357": "Herbert Lom (Czech pronunciation: [\u0266\u025brb\u025brt lom]; 11 September 1917 \u2013 27 September 2012) was a Czech-born British film and television actor who moved to the United Kingdom in 1939. In a career lasting more than 60 years, he appeared in character roles, often portraying criminals or villains early in his career and professional men in later years.\nLom was noted for his precise, elegant enunciation of English. He is best known for his roles in The Ladykillers, The Pink Panther film series, War and Peace and the television series The Human Jungle.", "Q229697": "Kimberly Kaye Wyatt (born February 4, 1982) is an American singer, dancer, choreographer, actress and television personality. She is best known as a member of the American pop/R&B girl group and dance ensemble the Pussycat Dolls. She joined the Pussycat Dolls in 2003 and left the group in 2010.Wyatt now resides in the UK and won BBC One's Celebrity MasterChef series in 2015. In 2016, she became the ambassador for the Bloch Dance World Cup.\nIn November 2019, it was announced that Wyatt had rejoined the Pussycat Dolls and would embark on their 2020 reunion tour. They released their comeback single React on February 7th 2020.", "Q1356520": "Josef Gingold (Russian: \u0418\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444 \u0413\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434; October 28 [O.S. October 15] 1909 \u2013 January 11, 1995) was a Belarusian-Jewish-born classical violinist and teacher, who lived most of his life in the United States. At the time of his death he was considered one of the most influential violin masters in the United States, with many successful students.", "Q312173": "Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor, television presenter, and broadcaster. As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, Beware of Dog, in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by Doggy Bag in 2001. In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album Unleashed, which was the first album released after dropping the \"Lil'\" from his stage name. As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in All About the Benjamins, in 2002 as a cameo. In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in Like Mike. He later began to undertake lead roles in movies, such as Johnson Family Vacation in 2004 and Roll Bounce in 2005. He also played a supporting role in the film The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift in 2006. Bow Wow also appeared in five episodes of the television series Entourage, and starred as Brody Nelson in CSI: Cyber until the show's cancellation in 2016.", "Q66868": "Eggersriet is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of St. Gallen in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q40111": "Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Sir Ahmad Tajuddin Akhazul Khairi Waddien ibn Sultan Sir Muhammad Jamalul Alam II (commonly referred to as Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin), KBE, CMG (22 August 1913 \u2013 4 June 1950) was the 27th Sultan of Brunei from 11 September 1924 until his death.\nHis reign represented the start of a new era in Brunei. The discovery of oil changed the whole course of Brunei's history and enabled faster development in all sectors of the country. The expansion and improvement of formal education and his encouragement of religious education were some of his additional contributions to Brunei Darussalam.", "Q26294": "Logan Phillip Henderson (born September 14, 1989) is an American actor and singer. He played the role of Logan Mitchell on the Nickelodeon series, Big Time Rush, and is a former member of the Big Time Rush band.", "Q93349": "Bessie Smith (April 15, 1894 \u2013 September 26, 1937) was an American blues singer widely renowned during the Jazz Age. Nicknamed the Empress of the Blues, she was the most popular female blues singer of the 1920s and 1930s. Bessie did not have access to an education because her parents had died and her elder sister was taking care of her. She is often regarded as one of the greatest singers of her era and was a major influence on fellow blues singers, as well as jazz vocalists.\n\n", "Q2901936": "Yosef Rom (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05e8\u05d5\u05dd\u200e, born Yosef Rabinovich on 2 September 1932, died 19 November 1997) was an Israeli engineer and politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Likud between 1977 and 1984.\n\n", "Q206112": "Willie Hugh Nelson (born April 29, 1933) is an American musician, actor, and activist. The critical success of the album Shotgun Willie (1973), combined with the critical and commercial success of Red Headed Stranger (1975) and Stardust (1978), made Nelson one of the most recognized artists in country music. He was one of the main figures of outlaw country, a subgenre of country music that developed in the late 1960s as a reaction to the conservative restrictions of the Nashville sound. Nelson has acted in over 30 films, co-authored several books, and has been involved in activism for the use of biofuels and the legalization of marijuana.\nBorn during the Great Depression and raised by his grandparents, Nelson wrote his first song at age seven and joined his first band at ten. During high school, he toured locally with the Bohemian Polka as their lead singer and guitar player. After graduating from high school in 1950, he joined the U.S. Air Force but was later discharged due to back problems. After his return, Nelson attended Baylor University for two years but dropped out because he was succeeding in music. During this time, he worked as a disc jockey in Texas radio stations and a singer in honky-tonks. Nelson moved to Vancouver, Washington, where he wrote \"Family Bible\" and recorded the song \"Lumberjack\" in 1956. He also worked as a disc jockey at various radio stations in Vancouver and nearby Portland, Oregon. In 1958, he moved to Houston, Texas, after signing a contract with D Records. He sang at the Esquire Ballroom weekly and he worked as a disk jockey. During that time, he wrote songs that would become country standards, including \"Funny How Time Slips Away\", \"Hello Walls\", \"Pretty Paper\", and \"Crazy\". In 1960 he moved to Nashville, Tennessee, and later signed a publishing contract with Pamper Music which allowed him to join Ray Price's band as a bassist. In 1962, he recorded his first album, ...And Then I Wrote. Due to this success, Nelson signed in 1964 with RCA Victor and joined the Grand Ole Opry the following year. After mid-chart hits in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, Nelson retired in 1972 and moved to Austin, Texas. The ongoing music scene of Austin motivated Nelson to return from retirement, performing frequently at the Armadillo World Headquarters.\nIn 1973, after signing with Atlantic Records, Nelson turned to outlaw country, including albums such as Shotgun Willie and Phases and Stages. In 1975, he switched to Columbia Records, where he recorded the critically acclaimed album Red Headed Stranger. The same year, he recorded another outlaw country album, Wanted! The Outlaws, along with Waylon Jennings, Jessi Colter, and Tompall Glaser. During the mid-1980s, while creating hit albums like Honeysuckle Rose and recording hit songs like \"On the Road Again\", \"To All the Girls I've Loved Before\", and \"Pancho and Lefty\", he joined the country supergroup The Highwaymen, along with fellow singers Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, and Kris Kristofferson.\nIn 1990, Nelson's assets were seized by the Internal Revenue Service, which claimed that he owed $32 million. The difficulty of paying his outstanding debt was aggravated by weak investments he had made during the 1980s. In 1992, Nelson released The IRS Tapes: Who'll Buy My Memories?; the profits of the double album\u2014destined to the IRS\u2014and the auction of Nelson's assets cleared his debt. During the 1990s and 2000s, Nelson continued touring extensively, and released albums every year. Reviews ranged from positive to mixed. He explored genres such as reggae, blues, jazz, and folk.\nNelson made his first movie appearance in the 1979 film The Electric Horseman, followed by other appearances in movies and on television. Nelson is a major liberal activist and the co-chair of the advisory board of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML), which is in favor of marijuana legalization. On the environmental front, Nelson owns the bio-diesel brand Willie Nelson Biodiesel, which is made from vegetable oil. Nelson is also the honorary chairman of the advisory board of the Texas Music Project, the official music charity of the state of Texas.", "Q390164": "Against the Dark is a 2009 American action horror film directed by Richard Crudo and starring Steven Seagal.\nIn a post-apocalyptic world, destroyed by a disease, which turns humans into infected strongly resembling vampires, Seagal plays Tao, the leader of a squad of ex-military vigilantes who are attempting to find and rescue a group of survivors trapped in a hospital. This is Steven Seagal's first horror film.\nThe film was released direct-to-video on February 10, 2009.", "Q49653": "ARD (German pronunciation: [\u02cc\u0294a\u02d0.\u0294\u025b\u0250\u032f.\u02c8de\u02d0]; full name: Arbeitsgemeinschaft der \u00f6ffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 Working group of public broadcasters of the Federal Republic of Germany) is a joint organisation of Germany's regional public-service broadcasters. It was founded in 1950 in West Germany to represent the common interests of the new, decentralised, post-war broadcasting services \u2013 in particular the introduction of a joint television network.\nThe ARD has a budget of \u20ac6.9 billion and 22,612 employees. The budget comes primarily from a licence fee which every household, company and public institution are required by law to pay. For an ordinary household the fee is currently \u20ac17.50 per month. Households living on welfare do not have to pay the fee. The fees are not collected directly by the ARD, but by the Beitragsservice (formerly known as Geb\u00fchreneinzugszentrale GEZ), a common organisation of the ARD member broadcasters, the second public TV broadcaster ZDF, and Deutschlandradio.\nARD maintains and operates a national television network, called Das Erste (\"The First\") to differentiate it from ZDF, a.k.a. \"das Zweite\" (\"The Second\"), which started 1963, as a separate public TV-broadcaster. The ARD network began broadcasting on 31 October 1954 under the name of Deutsches Fernsehen (\"German Television\"), becoming Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen (\"First German Television\") with a corporate redesign in 1984; it adopted its current short name (Das Erste) in 1994. ARD's programmes are aired over its own terrestrial television network, as well as on pay television.\nARD also produces two free-to-air channels (one and Tagesschau24) and participates in the production of Phoenix (current events, news and documentaries), KiKa (kids-oriented), 3sat (cultural-oriented) and arte (Franco-German cultural programming).\nARD's programming is produced by its regional members (see also Institutions and member organizations) (Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR), Hessischer Rundfunk (HR), Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR), Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR), Radio Bremen, Rundfunk Berlin\u2013Brandenburg (RBB), Saarl\u00e4ndischer Rundfunk (SR), S\u00fcdwestrundfunk (SWR) and Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR)), which operate 54 regional and local radio stations and seven regional TV networks, some of which have opt outs at during the day. Deutsche Welle, Germany's international broadcaster, is also a member of ARD.", "Q259416": "Ayaka Komatsu (Japanese: \u5c0f\u677e \u5f69\u590f Komatsu Ayaka; born 23 July 1986) is a Japanese model, gravure idol and actress. She was born in Ichinoseki, Iwate Prefecture.", "Q5218": "Quechua (, US also ; Spanish: [\u02c8ket\u0283wa]), usually called Runasimi (\"people's language\") in Quechuan languages, is an indigenous language family spoken by the Quechua peoples, primarily living in the Peruvian, Bolivian and Ecuadorian Andes but also in other highlands of South America. Derived from a common ancestral language, it is the most widely spoken language family of indigenous peoples of the Americas, with a total of probably some 8\u201310 million speakers. Approximately 25% (7.7 million) of Peruvians speak a Quechuan language.\nIt is perhaps most widely known for being the main language family of the Inca Empire. The Spaniards encouraged its use, so Quechua ultimately survived and variants are still widely spoken today, being the co-official language of many regions and the second most spoken language in Peru.", "Q695599": "The Government of Austria (German: \u00d6sterreichische Bundesregierung, lit. 'Austrian Federal Government') is the executive cabinet of the Republic of Austria. It is composed of the Chancellor, who is head of government, the Vice-Chancellor, and the ministers.\n\n", "Q286074": "\u00c9mile Michel Hyacinthe Lemoine (French: [emil l\u0259mwan]; 22 November 1840 \u2013 21 February 1912) was a French civil engineer and a mathematician, a geometer in particular. He was educated at a variety of institutions, including the Prytan\u00e9e National Militaire and, most notably, the \u00c9cole Polytechnique. Lemoine taught as a private tutor for a short period after his graduation from the latter school.\nLemoine is best known for his proof of the existence of the Lemoine point (or the symmedian point) of a triangle. Other mathematical work includes a system he called G\u00e9om\u00e9trographie and a method which related algebraic expressions to geometric objects. He has been called a co-founder of modern triangle geometry, as many of its characteristics are present in his work.\nFor most of his life, Lemoine was a professor of mathematics at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique. In later years, he worked as a civil engineer in Paris, and he also took an amateur's interest in music. During his tenure at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique and as a civil engineer, Lemoine published several papers on mathematics, most of which are included in a fourteen-page section in Nathan Altshiller Court's College Geometry. Additionally, he founded a mathematical journal titled, L'Interm\u00e9diaire des Math\u00e9maticiens.\n\n", "Q6711": "Irwin Allen Ginsberg (; June 3, 1926 \u2013 April 5, 1997) was an American poet and writer. As a student at Columbia University in the 1940s, he began friendships with William S. Burroughs and Jack Kerouac, forming the core of the Beat Generation. He vigorously opposed militarism, economic materialism, and sexual repression, and he embodied various aspects of this counterculture with his views on drugs, hostility to bureaucracy, and openness to Eastern religions.Ginsberg is best known for his poem \"Howl\" in which he denounced what he saw as the destructive forces of capitalism and conformity in the United States. San Francisco police and US Customs seized \"Howl\" in 1956, and it attracted widespread publicity in 1957 when it became the subject of an obscenity trial, as it described heterosexual and homosexual sex at a time when sodomy laws made homosexual acts a crime in every state. The poem reflected Ginsberg's own sexuality and his relationships with a number of men, including Peter Orlovsky, his lifelong partner. Judge Clayton W. Horn ruled that \"Howl\" was not obscene: \"Would there be any freedom of press or speech if one must reduce his vocabulary to vapid innocuous euphemisms?\"Ginsberg was a Buddhist who studied Eastern religious disciplines extensively. He lived modestly, buying his clothing in second-hand stores and residing in apartments in New York's East Village. One of his most influential teachers was Tibetan Buddhist Ch\u00f6gyam Trungpa, the founder of the Naropa Institute in Boulder, Colorado. At Trungpa's urging, Ginsberg and poet Anne Waldman started The Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics there in 1974.Ginsberg took part in decades of political protest against everything from the Vietnam War to the War on Drugs. His poem \"September on Jessore Road\" called attention to the plight of Bangladeshi refugees and exemplifies what literary critic Helen Vendler described as Ginsberg's persistence in protesting against \"imperial politics\" and \"persecution of the powerless\". His collection The Fall of America shared the annual National Book Award for Poetry in 1974. In 1979, he received the National Arts Club gold medal and was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He was a Pulitzer Prize finalist in 1995 for his book Cosmopolitan Greetings: Poems 1986\u20131992.", "Q14540": "Elizabeth Stamatina \"Tina\" Fey (; born May 18, 1970) is an American actress, comedian, writer, producer, and playwright. She is best known for her work on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live (1997\u20132006) and for creating the acclaimed comedy series 30 Rock (2006\u20132013) and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt (2015\u20132019). Fey is also known for her work in film, with starring roles in Baby Mama (2008), Date Night (2010), Megamind (2010), Muppets Most Wanted (2014), Sisters (2015), Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (2016), and Wine Country (2019).\nFey broke into comedy as a featured player in the Chicago-based improvisational comedy group The Second City. She then joined SNL as a writer, later becoming head writer and a performer, appearing as co-anchor in the Weekend Update segment and, later, developing a satirical portrayal of 2008 Republican vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin in subsequent guest appearances. In 2004, she co-starred in and wrote the screenplay for Mean Girls, which was adapted from the 2002 self-help book Queen Bees and Wannabes. After leaving SNL in 2006, Fey created the television series 30 Rock for Broadway Video, a sitcom loosely based on her experiences at SNL. In the series, Fey starred as Liz Lemon, the head writer of a fictional sketch comedy series. In 2011, she released her memoir, Bossypants, which topped The New York Times Best Seller list for five weeks and garnered her a Grammy Award nomination. In 2015, she co-created the Netflix comedy series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. Fey created the musical adaptation Mean Girls, which premiered on Broadway in 2018, and earned her a Tony Award nomination.\nFey has received nine Primetime Emmy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, five Screen Actors Guild Awards, and seven Writers Guild of America Awards. In 2008, the Associated Press gave Fey the AP Entertainer of the Year award for her Sarah Palin impression on SNL. In 2010, Fey was awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor, becoming the youngest-ever recipient of the award.", "Q81995": "Dillinger is a 1973 American gangster film about the life and criminal exploits of notorious bank robber John Dillinger. It stars Warren Oates as Dillinger, Ben Johnson as his pursuer, FBI Agent Melvin Purvis, and Cloris Leachman as the \"Lady in Red\" who made it possible for Purvis to kill Dillinger. It also features the first film performance by the singer Michelle Phillips as Dillinger's moll Billie Frechette. The film, narrated by Purvis, chronicles the last few years of Dillinger's life (depicted as a matter of months) as the FBI and law enforcement closed in. The setting is Depression era America, from 1933 to 1934, with largely unromanticized depictions of the principal characters. It was written and directed by John Milius for Samuel Z. Arkoff's American International Pictures.\nRetired FBI Agent Clarence Hurt, one of the agents involved in the final shootout with Dillinger, was the film's technical advisor. The film includes documentary imagery and film footage from the era. It includes a verbal renouncing of gangster films written by FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover: he was scheduled to read it for the film, but died before it started production. Hoover's text is read at the film's close by voice actor Paul Frees.\nThe film was followed by two made-for-TV spin-offs: Melvin Purvis: G-Man (1974) (teleplay written by Milius) and The Kansas City Massacre (1975), both directed by Dan Curtis and each starring Dale Robertson as Purvis.", "Q1188596": "Qahhor Mahkamov (Tajik: \u049a\u0430\u04b3\u04b3\u043e\u0440 \u041c\u0430\u04b3\u043a\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432; alternative spelling Kahar Mahkamov; April 16, 1932 \u2013 June 8, 2016) was a Tajik politician who served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan and was the first President of Tajikistan.", "Q212167": "Atom Egoyan, (; born July 19, 1960) is a Canadian stage and film director, writer, and producer. Egoyan made his career breakthrough with Exotica (1994), a film set primarily in and around the fictional Exotica strip club. Egoyan's most critically acclaimed film is the drama The Sweet Hereafter (1997), for which he received two Academy Award nominations, and his biggest commercial success is the erotic thriller Chloe (2009).His work often explores themes of alienation and isolation, featuring characters whose interactions are mediated through technology, bureaucracy, or other power structures. Egoyan's films often follow non-linear plot structures, in which events are placed out of sequence in order to elicit specific emotional reactions from the audience by withholding key information.In 2008, Egoyan received the Dan David Prize for \"Creative Rendering of the Past\". Egoyan later received the Governor General's Performing Arts Award, Canada's highest royal honour in the performing arts, in 2015.He was part of a loosely-affiliated group of filmmakers to emerge in the 1980s from Toronto known as the Toronto New Wave.", "Q171444": "Philippe Adams (born 19 November 1969 in Mouscron, Belgium) is a racing driver.", "Q12131": "A disability is any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or interact with the world around them. These conditions, or impairments, may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or a combination of multiple factors. Impairments causing disability may be present from birth or occur during a person's lifetime. The World Health Organization proposes the following definition of disabilities:\n\n\"Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations. Disability is thus not just a health problem. It is a complex phenomenon, reflecting the interaction between features of a person\u2019s body and features of the society in which he or she lives.\"\nDisability is a contested concept, with different meanings in different communities. The term disability may be used to refer to physical or mental attributes that some institutions, particularly medicine, view as needing to be fixed (the medical model); it may also refer to limitations imposed on people by the constraints of an ableist society (the social model); or the term may serve to refer to the identity of disabled people. Physiological functional capacity (PFC) is a measure of an individual's performance level that gauges one's ability to perform the physical tasks of daily life and the ease with which these tasks are performed. PFC declines with advancing age to result in frailty, cognitive disorders, or physical disorders, all of which may lead to labeling individuals as disabled.", "Q179018": "Seabiscuit is a 2003 American sports film co-produced, written and directed by Gary Ross and based on the best-selling non-fiction book Seabiscuit: An American Legend by Laura Hillenbrand. The film is loosely based on the life and racing career of Seabiscuit, an undersized and overlooked Thoroughbred race horse, whose unexpected successes made him a hugely popular media sensation in the United States during the Great Depression. Seabiscuit was nominated for seven Academy Awards.", "Q57445": "G\u00fcnter Schabowski (4 January 1929 \u2013 1 November 2015) was an official of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands abbreviated SED), the ruling party during most of the existence of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Schabowski gained worldwide fame in November 1989 when he improvised a slightly mistaken answer to a press conference question, raising popular expectations much more rapidly than the government planned, so that massive crowds gathered the same night at the Berlin Wall, forcing its opening after 28 years; soon after, the entire inner German border was opened.", "Q83172": "The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0301\u043a (\u0420\u0410\u041d) Ross\u00ediskaya akad\u00e9miya na\u00fak) consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals.\nHeadquartered in Moscow, the Academy (RAS) is considered a civil, self-governed, non-commercial organization chartered by the Government of Russia. It combines the members of RAS (see below) and scientists employed by institutions. Near the central academy building there is a monument to Yuri Gagarin in the square bearing his name.\nAs of November 2017, the Academy included 1008 institutions and other units; in total about 125,000 people were employed of whom 47,000 were scientific researchers.", "Q643691": "David Holden (1924\u20131977) was a writer, journalist, and broadcaster, best known as the Chief Foreign Correspondent for The Sunday Times, specialising in Middle-Eastern affairs, where he had been since 1965. He was murdered in execution style in Cairo, Egypt.\nHis editor, Harold Evans, used three of his top journalists to conduct a six-month investigation, including several trips to the Middle East and one to the United States. The murder was never solved and no political group claimed responsibility. In Evans' autobiography, My Paper Chase (2009), he covered the murder of Holden and investigation.", "Q58776": "Julius Schaub (20 August 1898 \u2013 27 December 1967) was the chief aide and adjutant to German dictator Adolf Hitler until the dictator's suicide on 30 April 1945.\nBorn in 1898 in Munich, Bavaria, Schaub served as a field medic during World War I, during which he injured both of his feet. During the hard times which followed the War, Schaub joined the Nazi Party. After losing his job because of his membership, Hitler hired him as his personal aide, a position he held for 25 years.\nSchaub took care of Hitler's personal belongings, papers and travel journeys, making him a notable figure in Hitler's inner circle. In 1924, he was imprisoned with Hitler for his involvement in the coup d'\u00e9tat attempt of November 1923 in Munich. In time he closely befriended Hitler. Later in July 1944, Schaub was not present during the military briefing in a Wolfsschanze barrack in which a bomb exploded in an attempt on Hitler's life, killing four people and injuring twenty others. Schaub was in another building in the complex.\nSchaub was ordered to leave the F\u00fchrerbunker in late April 1945 and destroy all of Hitler's personal belongings and papers. He was arrested by the Americans shortly after the war. Schaub died on 27 December 1967 in Munich.", "Q707979": "Admirl Amos Easton (May 7, 1905 \u2013 June 8, 1968), better known by the stage name Bumble Bee Slim, was an American Piedmont blues singer and guitarist.", "Q266816": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Arguedas Altamirano (18 January 1911 \u2013 2 December 1969) was a Peruvian novelist, poet, and anthropologist. Arguedas was an author of Spanish descent, with a rare fluency in the native Quechua language, gained by living in two Quechua households from the age of 7 to 11 - first in the indigenous servant quarters of his step-mother's home, then, escaping her \"perverse and cruel\" son, with an indigenous family approved by his father - who wrote novels, short stories, and poems in both Spanish and Quechua.\nGenerally remembered as one of the most notable figures of 20th-century Peruvian literature, Arguedas is especially recognized for his intimate portrayals of indigenous Andean culture. Key in his desire to depict indigenous expression and perspective more authentically was his creation of a new language that blended Spanish and Quechua and premiered in his debut novel Yawar Fiesta.\nDespite a dearth of translations into English, the critic Martin Seymour-Smith has dubbed Arguedas \"the greatest novelist of our time,\" who wrote \"some of the most powerful prose that the world has known.\",", "Q165419": "The spelling \"Mazepa\" refers to the historical person; the double-p \"Mazeppa\" is used for the artistic and literary works.\n\nIvan Stepanovych Mazepa (also spelled Mazeppa; Ukrainian: \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430, Polish: Jan Mazepa Ko\u0142ody\u0144ski; March 30 [O.S. March 20] 1639 \u2013 October 2 [O.S. September 21] 1709) served as the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host in 1687\u20131708. It is claimed that he was awarded a title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1707 for his efforts for the Holy League. The historical events of Mazepa's life have inspired many literary, artistic and musical works.\nMazepa was famous as a patron of the arts, and also played an important role in the Battle of Poltava (1709), where after learning that Tsar Peter I intended to relieve him as acting Hetman of Zaporizhian Host and to replace him with Alexander Menshikov, he deserted his army and sided with King Charles XII of Sweden. The political consequences and interpretation of this desertion have resonated in the national histories both of Russia and of Ukraine.\nThe Russian Orthodox Church laid an anathema on Mazepa's name in 1708 and refuses to revoke it to this day. Anti-Russian elements in Ukraine from the 18th century onwards were derogatorily referred to as Mazepintsy (Mazepists). The alienation of Mazepa from Ukrainian historiography continued during the Soviet period, but post-1991 in independent Ukraine there have been strong moves to rehabilitate Mazepa's image, although he remains a controversial figure.\n\n", "Q546": "Trieste ( tree-EST, Italian: [tri\u02c8\u025bste] (listen); Slovene: Trst [t\u0259\u0301\u027est]) is a city and a seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of Italian territory lying between the Adriatic Sea and Slovenia, which lies approximately 10\u201315 km (6.2\u20139.3 mi) south and east of the city. Croatia is some 30 km (19 mi) to the south.\nTrieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste and throughout history it has been influenced by its location at the crossroads of Latin, Slavic, and Germanic cultures. In 2018, it had a population of about 205,000 and it is the capital of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia. The metropolitan population of Trieste is 410,000, with the city comprising about 240,000 inhabitants.\nTrieste was one of the oldest parts of the Habsburg Monarchy, belonging to it from 1382 until 1918. In the 19th century the monarchy was one of the Great Powers of Europe and Trieste was its most important seaport. As a prosperous seaport in the Mediterranean region, Trieste became the fourth largest city of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (after Vienna, Budapest, and Prague). In the fin de si\u00e8cle period at the end of the 19th century it emerged as an important hub for literature and music. Trieste underwent an economic revival during the 1930s, and Trieste was an important spot in the struggle between the Eastern and Western blocs after the Second World War.", "Q315152": "Masaoka Shiki (\u6b63\u5ca1 \u5b50\u898f, October 14, 1867 \u2013 September 19, 1902), pen-name of Masaoka Noboru (\u6b63\u5ca1 \u5347), was a Japanese poet, author, and literary critic in Meiji period Japan. Shiki is regarded as a major figure in the development of modern haiku poetry, credited with writing nearly 20,000 stanzas during his short life. He also wrote on reform of tanka poetry.Some consider Shiki to be one of the four great haiku masters, the others being Matsuo Bash\u014d, Yosa Buson, and Kobayashi Issa.", "Q582713": "Simon Sechter (11 October 1788 \u2013 10 September 1867) was an Austrian music theorist, teacher, organist, conductor and composer. He was one of the most prolific composers who ever lived, although his music is largely forgotten and he is now mainly remembered as a strict music teacher, most notably of Anton Bruckner.\nCarl Christian M\u00fcller (1831\u20131914) compiled and adapted Sechter's Die richtige Folge der Grundharmonien as The Correct Order of Fundamental Harmonies: A Treatise on Fundamental Basses, and their Inversions and Substitutes (Wm. A. Pond, 1871; G. Schirmer, 1898).", "Q46548": "Vladas Jonas Jakub\u0117nas (Bir\u017eai, 1904-Chicago, 1976) was a Lithuanian composer, pianist, musicologist and journalist.", "Q230488": "Ghost Story is a 1981 American supernatural horror film directed by John Irvin and starring Fred Astaire, Melvyn Douglas, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., John Houseman, Craig Wasson, and Alice Krige. Based on the 1979 novel of the same name by Peter Straub, it follows a group of elderly businessmen in New England who gather to recount their involvement in a woman's death decades prior when one of them suspects her ghost has been haunting him.\nIt was the last film to feature Astaire, Fairbanks, and Douglas (Melvyn died four months before the film's release), and the first film to feature Michael O'Neill. The film was shot in Woodstock, Vermont; Saratoga Springs, New York; and at Stetson University in DeLand, Florida. It was released in the United States on December 18, 1981.", "Q665130": "Mont Dolent (3,823 metres (12,543 ft)) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif and lies on the border between Italy, Switzerland and France.\nAs a mountain, Mont Dolent is regarded as the tripoint between Italy, Switzerland and France, although the tripoint itself lies at 3,749 metres, less than 100 metres north-west of its summit.In 1954, a statue of the Virgin Mary was erected on Mont Dolent's summit by the young people of Valais.", "Q8028571": "Wittenberg University is a private liberal arts college in Springfield, Ohio. It has approximately 2,000 full-time students representing 37 states and 30 foreign countries.", "Q122752": "Thomas W\u00fcppesahl (born July 9, 1955 in Hamburg) is a German politician. He is a former member of the Bundestag. He was a member of Alliance '90/The Greens until 1987. His political skills are civil and political rights, domestic policy and the anti-nuclear movement.\n\n", "Q208117": "Annabella Avery Thorne (born October 8, 1997) is an American actress, singer, director, and former child model. Thorne played Ruthy Spivey in the television series My Own Worst Enemy (2008) and Tancy Henrickson in the fourth season of Big Love (2010), before gaining prominence for her role as CeCe Jones on the Disney Channel series Shake It Up (2010\u20132013). She also portrayed Paige Townsen in the Freeform drama series Famous in Love (2017\u20132018), and has appeared in several films, including Blended (2014), The DUFF (2015), Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip (2015), You Get Me (2017), Amityville: The Awakening (2017), The Babysitter (2017), Midnight Sun (2018), and Assassination Nation (2018).", "Q38082": "Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (; 27 January 1832 \u2013 14 January 1898), better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English writer of children's fiction, notably Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass. He was noted for his facility at word play, logic, and fantasy. The poems Jabberwocky and The Hunting of the Snark are classified in the genre of literary nonsense. He was also a mathematician, photographer, and Anglican deacon.\nCarroll came from a family of high-church Anglicans, and developed a long relationship with Christ Church, Oxford, where he lived for most of his life as a scholar and teacher. Alice Liddell, daughter of the Dean of Christ Church, Henry Liddell, is widely identified as the original for Alice in Wonderland, though Carroll always denied this.\nBorn in All Saints' Vicarage, Daresbury, Cheshire, in 1832, Carroll is commemorated at All Saints' Church, Daresbury, in its stained glass windows depicting characters from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. In 1982, a memorial stone to Carroll was unveiled in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey.\n\n", "Q487119": "Compton is a city in southern Los Angeles County, California, United States, situated south of downtown Los Angeles. Compton is one of the oldest cities in the county and, on May 11, 1888, was the eighth city in California to incorporate. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 96,456. It is known as the \"Hub City\" due to its geographic centrality in Los Angeles County. Neighborhoods in Compton include Sunny Cove, Leland, Downtown Compton, and Richland Farms. The city is generally a working-class community, with some middle-class neighborhoods and poor neighborhoods, and is home to a relatively young population, at an average 25 years of age, compared to the American median age of 38 (based on 2018 data).", "Q95710": "Samuel Gotthold Lange (born 22 March 1711 in Halle (Saale); died 25 June 1781 in Beesenlaublingen, Bernburg district) was a German poet.\n\n", "Q765642": "Queens' College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. Queens' is one of the oldest and the largest colleges of the university, founded in 1448 by Margaret of Anjou, and has some of the most recognisable buildings in Cambridge. The college spans the river Cam, colloquially referred to as the \"light side\" and the \"dark side\", with the Mathematical Bridge connecting the two.\nThe college's alumni include heads of government and politicians from various countries, royalty, religious leaders, astronauts and Oscar nominees. Examples are Stephen Fry, Abba Eban and T. H. White. Its most famous matriculant is Desiderius Erasmus, who studied at the college during his trips to England between 1506 and 1515.\nAs of June 2016, the college held non-current assets valued at \u00a3111.18 million.The current president of the college is the senior economist and Labour Party adviser, Lord Eatwell. Past presidents include Saint John Fisher.", "Q129607": "Caroline Carver (born 1976) is an English actress, screenwriter, and producer best known for roles such as Princess Jessica in the TV film The Magical Legend of the Leprechauns (1999), Ingrid in The Aryan Couple (2004), and Sandy in My First Wedding (2006).\n\n", "Q3579877": "\u00c9douard Harl\u00e9 (1850, Toulouse \u2013 1922, Bordeaux) was a French railway engineer (Ing\u00e9nieur des ponts et chauss\u00e9es) and prehistorian\n\u00c9douard Harl\u00e9 was a Director of the Chemin de Fer du Midi\nHis collections of prehistoric artefacts are held by Mus\u00e9um d'histoire naturelle de Bordeaux and Mus\u00e9um de Toulouse.", "Q351710": "Taisto Kalevi Sorsa (21 December 1930 \u2013 16 January 2004) was a Finnish politician who served as Prime Minister of Finland three times: 1972\u20131975, 1977\u20131979 and 1982\u20131987. At the time of his death he still held the record for most days of incumbency as prime minister. He was also a long-time leader of the Social Democratic Party of Finland.", "Q14568": "Greppen is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.\nIt lies at the base of huge Mount Rigi. The exclave is separated by Lake Lucerne from the rest of the district.", "Q1056": "Italo Balbo (Ferrara, 6 June 1896 \u2013 Tobruk, 28 June 1940) was an Italian Blackshirt (Camicie Nere, or CCNN) leader who served as Italy's Marshal of the Air Force (Maresciallo dell'Aria), Governor-General of Libya, Commander-in-Chief of Italian North Africa (Africa Settentrionale Italiana, or ASI), and the \"heir apparent\" to Italian dictator Benito Mussolini.\nAfter serving in World War I, Balbo became the leading Fascist organizer in his home region of Ferrara. He was one of the four principal architects (Quadrumviri del Fascismo) of the March on Rome that brought Mussolini and the Fascists to power in 1922, along with Michele Bianchi, Emilio De Bono and Cesare Maria De Vecchi. In 1926, he began the task of building the Italian Royal Air Force and took a leading role in popularizing aviation in Italy, and promoting Italian aviation to the world. In 1933, perhaps to relieve tensions surrounding him in Italy, he was given the government of Italian Libya, where he resided for the remainder of his life. Balbo, hostile to anti-semitism, was the only leading Fascist to oppose Mussolini's alliance with Nazi Germany. Early in World War II, he was accidentally killed by friendly fire when his plane was shot down over Tobruk by Italian anti-aircraft guns who misidentified his plane.\n\n", "Q139414": "Zachariah T. Chandler (December 10, 1813 \u2013 November 1, 1879) was an American businessman, politician, one of the founders of the Republican Party, whose radical wing he dominated as a lifelong abolitionist. He was mayor of Detroit, a four-term senator from the state of Michigan, and Secretary of the Interior under President Ulysses S. Grant.\nAs a successful young businessman in Detroit, Chandler supported the Underground Railroad. During the Civil War, he advocated for the Union war effort, the abolition of slavery, and civil rights for freed African Americans. As Secretary of the Interior, Chandler eradicated serious corruption in the Bureau of Indian Affairs, fully endorsing President Grant's Peace Policy initiative to civilize American Indian tribes. In 1879, he was re-elected U.S. Senator and was a potential Presidential candidate, but he died the following morning after giving a speech in Chicago.\n\n", "Q242778": "Jordan Danger (born Jordan Hinson, June 4, 1991) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Zoe Carter on the science fiction series Eureka.", "Q2283665": "TVT Records (Television Tunes) is an American record label founded by Steve Gottlieb. Over the course of its 30-year history, the label released some 25 Gold, Platinum and Multi-Platinum releases. Its roster included Nine Inch Nails, Ja Rule, Lil Jon, Underworld, KMFDM, Gravity Kills, The KLF, The Baldwin Brothers, Sevendust, Nothingface, the Wellwater Conspiracy, Brian Jonestown Massacre, The Holloways, The Cinematics, Buck-O-Nine, DJ Hurricane, Speech and Pitbull. Its biggest commercial successes were the triple platinum Nine Inch Nails's Pretty Hate Machine, two double platinum releases by Lil Jon, and platinum releases by Snoop Dogg and Tha Eastsidaz, Dashboard Confessional, Default and Ying Yang Twins as well as gold releases by Sevendust, Gravity Kills and The Black Crowes and Jimmy Page. Additionally, TVT also had success overseas, achieving a gold release in Germany and Sweden with The Connells and scored platinum and gold records in Canada with Default.\n\n", "Q725266": "Sir Joseph Archer Crowe (25 October 1825, London \u2013 6 September 1896, Gamburg an der Tauber, today Werbach, Germany) was an English journalist, consular official and art historian, whose volumes of the History of Painting in Italy, co-written with the Italian critic Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle (1819\u20131897), stand at the beginning of disciplined modern art history writing in English, being based on chronologies of individual artists' development and the connoisseurship of identifying artist's individual manners or \"hands\".\nTheir multi-volume A New History of Painting in Italy continued to be revised and republished until 1909, after both were dead. Though now outdated, these are still often cited by modern art historians.", "Q3175262": "Count Jean Bonnin de la Bonnini\u00e8re de Beaumont (13 January 1904 \u2013 12 June 2002), known as Jean de Beaumont, was a French businessman, politician, journalist and sport shooter who competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics.", "Q906930": "St. Paul's School (also known as St. Paul's or SPS) is a highly selective college-preparatory, coeducational boarding school in Concord, New Hampshire, affiliated with the Episcopal Church. The 2,000-acre (8.1 km2) New Hampshire campus currently serves 539 students, who come from all over the United States and the world.\nSt. Paul's is a member of the Eight Schools Association and was formerly a member of the Independent School League, the oldest independent school athletic association in the United States.", "Q97107": "Robert Saudek (21 April 1880 \u2013 15 April 1935) was a Czech-born graphologist and writer of novels, stories, poems and plays. He had considerable influence on the content and standing of graphology worldwide. He also published numerous articles in many languages in periodicals as diverse as The Listener, Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Menschenkenntnis and the Journal of Social Psychology. He also founded the professional graphology society in the Netherlands. He also started two academic periodicals: one in Dutch and the other in English. Many graphologists worldwide today use Saudek\u2019s work without knowing the origin.\nHe published Experimental Graphology in 1929. Saudek examined the speed in handwriting. He quantified handwriting by use of a microscope, caliper, pressure board, ruler, protractor and slow-motion pictures. Saudek also attempted to deal with graphological phenomena in terms acceptable to the experimental psychologists.", "Q98234": "Heinz Kapelle (17 September 1913 in Berlin \u2013 1 July 1941 in Berlin) was a leader of the Young Communist League of Germany (Kommunistischer Jugendverband Deutschlands; KJVD) in Berlin in the 1930s.\nBy training he was a book printer, having learnt the craft between 1928 and 1932, but he was thereafter jobless until 1934. During his training, he had joined the KJVD in 1931, which became illegal with the Nazis' seizure of power in 1933. Nevertheless, he continued to be a member and used the Alliance to further his anti-fascist goals. He was, for instance, involved in the publication and distribution of anti-fascist literature.\nEarly in 1934, Kapelle was arrested for the first time and sentenced to two years' imprisonment on 20 September 1934 by the Berliner Kammergericht for \"conspiracy to commit high treason\". Once released, he quickly returned to anti-r\u00e9gime activities. He in effect led an illegal youth resistance group of about 60 members against the Nazis. The leaflets that he wrote he sometimes even distributed himself, by scattering them in the streets of Berlin's working-class neighbourhoods at night from his motorcycle.\nHe was arrested many times, but in the end, he and five other group members were arrested by the Gestapo on 16 October 1939. Kapelle was tortured, but never betrayed the other members of his group. The court sentenced Heinz Kapelle to death on 21 February 1941 for \"furthering the enemy's cause and conspiracy to commit high treason\". On 1 July of that year, he was put to death at Pl\u00f6tzensee Prison in Berlin. He is honoured today as a hero by the Communist Youth Movement. A street in the Berlin neighbourhood Prenzlauer Berg is named Heinz-Kapelle-Stra\u00dfe in his honour. Also there is a street close to German Parliament in the very center of Berlin honouring him named Kapelle-Ufer (which loosely translates to \"Kapelle Bank\" or \"Kapelle Shore\").", "Q8714": "Gro\u00dfenhain (also written as Grossenhain; Upper Sorbian: Wulki Hojn) is a Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt (German for major district town) in the district of Mei\u00dfen, Saxony, Germany. It was originally known as Hayne. The current name simply means \"big Hayne\"", "Q7341": "The Auschwitz concentration camp (Konzentrationslager Auschwitz) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II and the Holocaust. It consisted of Auschwitz I, the main camp (Stammlager) in O\u015bwi\u0119cim; Auschwitz II-Birkenau, a concentration and extermination camp built with several gas chambers; Auschwitz III-Monowitz, a labor camp created to staff a factory for the chemical conglomerate IG Farben; and dozens of subcamps. The camps became a major site of the Nazis' Final Solution to the Jewish Question.\nAfter Germany sparked World War II by invading Poland in September 1939, the Schutzstaffel (SS) converted Auschwitz I, an army barracks, into a prisoner-of-war camp for Polish political prisoners. The first inmates, German criminals brought to the camp in May 1940 as functionaries, established the camp's reputation for sadism, beating, torturing, and executing prisoners for the most trivial reasons. The first gassings\u2014of Soviet and Polish prisoners\u2014took place in block 11 of Auschwitz I around August 1941. Construction of Auschwitz II began the following month, and from 1942 until late 1944 freight trains delivered Jews from all over German-occupied Europe to its gas chambers. Of the 1.3 million people sent to Auschwitz, 1.1 million died. The death toll includes 960,000 Jews (865,000 of whom were gassed on arrival), 74,000 non-Jewish Poles, 21,000 Roma, 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war, and up to 15,000 other Europeans. Those not gassed died of starvation, exhaustion, disease, individual executions, or beatings. Others were killed during medical experiments.\nAt least 802 prisoners tried to escape, 144 successfully, and on 7 October 1944 two Sonderkommando units, consisting of prisoners who staffed the gas chambers, launched an unsuccessful uprising. Only 789 staff (no more than 15 percent) ever stood trial; several, including camp commandant Rudolf H\u00f6ss, were executed. The Allies' failure to act on early reports of atrocities in the camp by bombing it or its railways remains controversial.\nAs the Soviet Red Army approached Auschwitz in January 1945, toward the end of the war, the SS sent most of the camp's population west on a death march to camps inside Germany and Austria. Soviet troops entered the camp on 27 January 1945, a day commemorated since 2005 as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. In the decades after the war, survivors such as Primo Levi, Viktor Frankl, and Elie Wiesel wrote memoirs of their experiences, and the camp became a dominant symbol of the Holocaust. In 1947 Poland founded the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum on the site of Auschwitz I and II, and in 1979 it was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.", "Q288717": "Jukka Antero \"Julius\" Nevalainen (born 21 April 1978, in Kitee, Finland) is the former drummer in both the Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish and the Finnish progressive metal band Sethian.", "Q917183": "The Church of Our Lady (Dutch: Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk) in Bruges, Belgium, dates mainly from the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. This church is essentially \"...a monument to the wealth, sophistication, taste, and devotion of this most Catholic city, whose history and faith stand today celebrated in this wonderful building.\" Its tower, at 115.6 metres (379 ft) in height, remains the tallest structure in the city and the second tallest brickwork tower in the world (after St. Martin's Church in Landshut, Germany).\nThe church demonstrates the Gothic style in the prominent Flying buttresses on the exterior which were constructed in the 1270s and 80s. The nave contains cross-vaults and black and white tiled flooring. The interior demonstrates the heavily ornamented Baroque style in the side aisles and chancel. One of the chapels in the church was created in 1482 for a wealthy man named Lodewijk van Gruuthuse, as his personal worship area.", "Q235296": "Empress K\u014dgyoku (\u7687\u6975\u5929\u7687, K\u014dgyoku-tenn\u014d, 594\u2013661), also known as Empress Saimei (\u6589\u660e\u5929\u7687, Saimei-tenn\u014d), was the 35th and 37th monarch of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.K\u014dgyoku's reign spanned the years from 642 to 645. Her reign as Saimei encompassed 655 to 661. In other words, \n\n642: She ascended the throne as K\u014dgyoku-tenn\u014d, and she stepped down in response to the assassination of Soga no Iruka (see: Isshi Incident).\n645: She abdicated in favor of her brother, who would become known as Emperor K\u014dtoku.\n654: K\u014dtoku died and the throne was vacant.\n655: She re-ascended, beginning a new reign as Saimei-tenn\u014d.\n661: Saimei ruled until her death caused the throne to be vacant again.The two reigns of this one woman spanned the years from 642 through 661.In the history of Japan, K\u014dgyoku/Saimei was the second of eight women to take on the role of empress regnant. The sole female monarch before K\u014dgyoku/Saimei was Suiko-tenn\u014d. The six women sovereigns reigning after K\u014dgyoku/Saimei were Jit\u014d, Genmei, Gensh\u014d, K\u014dken/Sh\u014dtoku, Meish\u014d, and Go-Sakuramachi.", "Q43356": "The Gemsfairenstock is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Uri and Glarus. It lies east of the Klausen Pass, on the range east of the Clariden.\nA trail leads to its summit via the western ridge.", "Q984927": "Kannus is a town and municipality and city of Finland.\nIt is situated in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Central Ostrobothnia region. The municipality has a population of 5,499 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 470.65 square kilometres (181.72 sq mi), of which 2.41 km2 (0.93 sq mi) is water. The population density is 11.74 inhabitants per square kilometre (30.4/sq mi). Neighbour municipalities are Kalajoki, Kokkola, Sievi and Toholampi.\nThe municipality is unilingually Finnish.", "Q99894": "Carl Abel (25 November 1837 \u2013 26 November 1906) was a German comparative philologist from Berlin who wrote Linguistic Essays in 1880. Abel also acted as Ilchester lecturer on comparative lexicography at the University of Oxford and as the Berlin correspondent of the Times and the Standard. His 400-page dictionary of Egyptian-Semitic-Indo-European roots appeared in 1886. His essay \"On the antithetical meanings of primal words\" (Ueber den Gegensinn der Urworte) was discussed by Sigmund Freud in an identically titled piece, which, in turn, was discussed by Jacques Derrida as a precursor to deconstruction's semantic insights. He also translated some of Shakespeare's works into German.He was a son of a successful banker Gerson Abel. Of Jewish descent, he converted to Christianity.Abel died in Wiesbaden. His son Curt Abel-Musgrave (1860-1938) was a writer and translator. His grandson was noted economist Richard Musgrave.", "Q379922": "The Constitutional Party (German: Verfassungspartei), also known as the German-Liberal Party (German: Deutschliberale Partei) was the main representative of liberalism and national liberalism in the German-speaking parts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the 1860s and 70s.\nIt was a party of the German-speaking bourgeoisie, had anti-clerical positions and sought to defend the privileges of German-speakers vis-\u00e0-vis the rising national movements of the Slavic minorities in the Habsburg monarchy. It supported the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, transforming the Austrian Empire into the Austro-Hungarian Dual monarchy and the 1867 December Constitution, which is why it received its name. Afterwards it became the strongest political group in the Imperial Council (the parliament of the Cis-Leithanian, i.e. Austrian-dominated, part of the empire) until 1879.\nIt was weakened after the financial crisis of 1873, which added to the rise of the more radical German nationalist movement. The Constitutional Party merged with the Progressive Club to form the \"United Left\" in 1881, which fell apart again in 1885 splitting into the German-Austrian Club and the German Club. Former members of the Constitutional Party were later referred to as \"Old Liberals\" (Altliberale).", "Q1473289": "Middle French (French: moyen fran\u00e7ais) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the 14th to the early 17th centuries. It is a period of transition during which:\n\nthe French language became clearly distinguished from the other competing O\u00efl languages, which are sometimes subsumed within the concept of Old French (l\u2019ancien fran\u00e7ais)\nthe French language was imposed as the official language of the kingdom of France in place of Latin and other O\u00efl and Occitan languages\nthe literary development of French prepared the vocabulary and grammar for the Classical French (le fran\u00e7ais classique) spoken in the 17th and 18th centuries.", "Q1240418": "Obituary is an American death metal band formed in Tampa, Florida, in 1984. Initially called Executioner, the band changed its name to Xecutioner in 1986 to avoid confusion with the thrash metal band Executioner from Boston, and then changed its name once again to Obituary in 1988. The band's current lineup consists of vocalist John Tardy, drummer Donald Tardy, rhythm guitarist Trevor Peres, bassist Terry Butler, and lead guitarist Kenny Andrews. Obituary has gone through several lineup changes, with the Tardy brothers and Peres being the only constant members. The band was a fundamental act in the development of death metal music, and is one of the most successful death metal bands of all time. To date, Obituary has released ten studio albums, and with the exception of their 1997\u20132003 split, they continue to perform live around the world. Their music is based around heavily groove based riffs and drumming along with John Tardy's growling vocals, which create their signature brand of death metal.", "Q470591": "John Saxon (born Carmine Orrico; August 5, 1935) is an American actor and martial artist who has worked on more than 200 projects during a span of 60 years. Saxon is known for his work in westerns and horror films, often playing police officers and detectives.\nBorn and raised in Brooklyn, New York, Saxon studied acting with Stella Adler before beginning his career as a contract player for Universal Pictures, appearing in such films as Rock, Pretty Baby (1956) and Portrait in Black (1961). In the 1970s and 1980s, he would establish himself as a character actor, frequently portraying law enforcement officials in horror films such as Black Christmas (1974), Dario Argento's Tenebrae (1982), and A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984).\nIn addition to his roles in horror films, Saxon co-starred with Bruce Lee in the martial arts film Enter the Dragon (1973), and has supporting roles in the westerns Death of a Gunfighter (1969) and Joe Kidd (1972), as well as the adventure thriller Raid on Entebbe (1977). In the 1990s, Saxon occasionally appeared in films, with small roles in Wes Craven's New Nightmare (1994) and From Dusk till Dawn (1996).", "Q91210": "Fiona Erdmann (born 9 September 1988) is a German model and reality television contestant.\nErdmann finished in fourth place on the second cycle of Germany's Next Topmodel. She studied design and product design prior to being cast on the programme. She was the cover model for the May 2008 issue of Playboy in Germany, was featured in FHM Germany and shot for SKODA. She has been signed with Divina Model Management, Ice Models, MGM Models and Max Models. She was featured in a commercial for Axe and for German clothing line Jungstil. She has walked for designers such as Patrick Mohr, Sebastian Ellrich and Irene Luft, and also walked in Mercedes Fashion Week.", "Q106182": "X-Men is a 2000 American superhero film directed by Bryan Singer and written by David Hayter from a story by Singer and Tom DeSanto. The film is based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name and features an ensemble cast consisting of Patrick Stewart, Hugh Jackman, Ian McKellen, Halle Berry, Famke Janssen, James Marsden, Bruce Davison, Rebecca Romijn-Stamos, Ray Park, and Anna Paquin. The film depicts a world where a small proportion of people are mutants, whose possession of superhuman powers makes them distrusted by normal humans. It focuses on mutants Wolverine and Rogue as they are brought into a conflict between two groups that have radically different approaches to bringing about the acceptance of mutant-kind: Professor Xavier's X-Men, and the Brotherhood of Mutants, led by Magneto.\nDevelopment of X-Men began as far back as 1984 with Orion Pictures, with James Cameron and Kathryn Bigelow in discussions at one point. The film rights were bought by 20th Century Fox in 1994, and various scripts and film treatments were commissioned from Andrew Kevin Walker, John Logan, Joss Whedon, and Michael Chabon. Singer signed to direct in 1996, with further rewrites by Ed Solomon, Singer, Tom DeSanto, Christopher McQuarrie, and Hayter, in which Beast and Nightcrawler were deleted over budget concerns from Fox. X-Men marked the Hollywood debut for Jackman, a last-second choice for Wolverine, cast three weeks into filming. Filming took place from September 22, 1999 to March 3, 2000, primarily in Toronto.\nX-Men premiered at Ellis Island on July 12, 2000, and was released in the United States two days later. It was a box office success, grossing over $296.3 million worldwide, and received positive reviews from critics, citing its performances, story, and thematic depth. The film's success led to a series of sequels, prequels, and spin-offs, with the overall success of the series spawning a reemergence of superhero films, a genre that would remain highly popular for the next two decades.", "Q129161": "Batman: Year One is a 2011 animated superhero film, based on the four-issue story arc of the same name printed in 1987. It premiered at Comic-Con on July 22 and was officially released October 18, 2011. The film was directed by Lauren Montgomery and Sam Liu. It is the 12th film released under the DC Universe Animated Original Movies banner, and was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and digital copy.", "Q356719": "Carlos Ghosn, KBE (; French: [ka\u0281l\u0254s \u0261on]; Arabic: \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u063a\u0635\u0646\u200e; Lebanese Arabic pronunciation: ['ka\u02d0rlos '\u0263os\u02e4n], born 9 March 1954) is a Brazilian-born businessman who also has French and Lebanese nationality. As of January 2020, Ghosn has served as the CEO of Michelin North America, chairman and CEO of Renault, chairman of AvtoVAZ, chairman and CEO of Nissan, and chairman of Mitsubishi Motors. Ghosn was also chairman and CEO of the Renault\u2013Nissan\u2013Mitsubishi Alliance, a strategic partnership among those automotive manufacturers through a complex cross-shareholding agreement. The venture has held approximately 10% of the total market share since 2010, and as of 2017, was reckoned to be the largest automobile group worldwide.\nIn 1996, Renault's CEO Louis Schweitzer hired Ghosn as his deputy and charged him with the task of turning the company around from near bankruptcy. Ghosn elaborated a plan to cut costs for the period 1998\u20132000, reducing the workforce, revising production processes, standardising vehicle parts and pushing the launch of new models. The company also undertook organisational changes, introducing a lean production system with delegate responsibilities inspired by Japanese systems (the \"Renault Production Way\"), reforming work methods and centralising research and development at its Technocentre to reduce vehicle conception costs while accelerating such conception. Ghosn became known as \"Le Cost Killer\". In the early 2000s, for orchestrating one of the auto industry's most aggressive downsizing campaigns and spearheading the turnaround of Nissan from its near bankruptcy in 1999, he earned the nickname \"Mr. Fix It\".Following the Nissan financial turnaround, in 2002 Fortune awarded him Asia Businessman of the Year. In 2003 Fortune identified him as one of the 10 most powerful people in business outside the U.S., and its Asian edition voted him Man of the Year. Surveys jointly published by the Financial Times and PricewaterhouseCoopers named him the fourth most respected business leader in 2003, and the third most respected business leader in 2004 and in 2005. He quickly achieved celebrity status in Japan and in the business world, and his life has been chronicled in Japanese comics.Ghosn stepped down as CEO of Nissan on 1 April 2017, while remaining chairman of the company. He was arrested at Haneda Airport on 19 November 2018, on allegations of under-reporting his earnings and misuse of company assets. On 22 November 2018, Nissan's board made a unanimous decision to dismiss Ghosn as Nissan's chairman. It was followed by Mitsubishi Motors' board on 26 November 2018. Renault and the French government continued to support him at first, presuming him innocent until proven guilty. However, they ultimately found the situation untenable and Ghosn was made to retire as chairman and CEO of Renault on 24 January 2019. While out on bail granted in early March, Ghosn was re-arrested in Tokyo on 4 April 2019 over new charges of misappropriations of Nissan funds. On 8 April 2019 Nissan shareholders voted to oust Ghosn from the company's board. He was released again on bail on 25 April. In June Renault uncovered 11 million euros in questionable expenses by him, leading to a French investigation and raids. With help from an American private-security contractor, Ghosn fled from Japan to Lebanon on 30 December, breaking his bail conditions. On 2 January 2020, Interpol issued a red notice to Lebanon seeking Ghosn's arrest.", "Q62398": "G\u00fcnther Johannes Jauch (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u028fnt\u0250 jo\u02c8han\u0259s \u02c8ja\u028ax]; born 13 July 1956) is a German television host. He is a member of the Hamburg Jauch family, but lives in Potsdam, Brandenburg with his wife Thea (Dorothea) Jauch and his four children.", "Q772458": "Po\u0142czyn-Zdr\u00f3j [\u02c8p\u0254u\u032ft\u0361\u0282\u0268n \u02c8zdrui\u032f] (German: Bad Polzin) is a town in \u015awidwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 11,153 inhabitants (2007). It is located in the historic region of Pomerania.", "Q1287635": "Neel Tushar Kashkari (born July 30, 1973) is an American banker and politician who is President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. As interim Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability from October 2008 to May 2009, he oversaw the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) that was a major component of the U.S. government's response to the financial crisis of 2007\u201308. A Republican, he unsuccessfully ran for Governor of California in the 2014 election.\nBorn and raised in Ohio, and educated at the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Kashkari worked initially as an aerospace engineer. After attending business school at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, he became an investment banker, covering the information technology security sector for Goldman Sachs.\nWhen Henry Paulson, the former head of Goldman, was appointed Secretary of the Treasury in 2006, he brought Kashkari on as an aide. Kashkari was eventually named Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for International Economics and Development. At Treasury, he played a number of roles in the response to the financial crisis and the subprime mortgage crisis that preceded it, most notably administering the TARP.\nKashkari left government and began working for Pimco in 2009, leading that company's push into the equities market. In January 2013, he resigned from Pimco to explore a run for public office. One year later, he announced his candidacy for Governor of California. He came in second in California's nonpartisan blanket primary but lost the general election to incumbent governor Jerry Brown.\nHe was named the new president of the Minneapolis Federal Reserve November 10, 2015, succeeding Narayana Kocherlakota who announced his resignation in June. Minneapolis, which was last an FOMC voting member in 2017, will next be a voting member in 2020.", "Q313245": "Anton Innauer (born 1 April 1958) is an Austrian former ski jumper.", "Q304739": "Holy Motors is a 2012 fantasy drama film written and directed by Leos Carax, starring Denis Lavant and \u00c9dith Scob. Lavant plays Mr Oscar, a man like an actor who inhabits several roles, but there are no apparent cameras filming the man's performances. It is Carax's first feature film since 1999. The film competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q95076": "Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland (October 22, 1917 \u2013 December 15, 2013), known professionally as Joan Fontaine, was a British-American actress who is best known for her starring roles in cinema during the Classical Hollywood era. Fontaine appeared in more than 45 feature films in a career that spanned five decades. She was the younger sister of actress Olivia de Havilland.\nShe began her stage career in 1935, signing a film contract with RKO Pictures. Fontaine received her first major role in The Man Who Found Himself (1937) and in 1939 was in the adventure Gunga Din. Her career prospects improved greatly after her starring role in the Alfred Hitchcock-directed suspense drama Rebecca (1940), for which she received her first of three nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress. The following year, she won that award for her role in Suspicion (1941), another Hitchcock suspense drama. A third Oscar nomination came with the film The Constant Nymph. She appeared mostly in drama films through the 1940s\u2014including Letter from an Unknown Woman, which is now considered a classic. In the next decade, after her role in the historical adventure Ivanhoe (1952), her film career began to decline and she moved into stage, radio and television roles. She appeared in fewer films in the 1960s, films which included Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1960) and her final feature film, The Witches (1966).\nShe released an autobiography, No Bed of Roses, in 1978. She continued to act until her last performance in 1994. Having won an Oscar for her role in Suspicion, Fontaine is the only actor to have won an Academy Award for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister remain the only siblings to have won major acting Academy Awards.", "Q92719": "Norbert Fuhr (born 1956) is a professor of computer science\nand the leader of the Duisburg Information Engineering Group based at\nthe University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.", "Q295020": "Anthony Frank Hawk (born May 12, 1968) is an American retired professional skateboarder. He is also an actor, stuntman, and the owner of the skateboard company Birdhouse. Hawk completed the first documented 900, licensed a video game series published by Activision, and is one of the pioneers of modern vertical skateboarding.In 2002, he created the \"Boom Boom HuckJam\", an extreme sports exhibition and tour that was launched in Las Vegas. Hawk has appeared in films, other media, and his own series of video games. He has also been involved in various philanthropic activities, including his own Tony Hawk Foundation that helps to build skate parks in underprivileged areas. In 2014, Hawk was named one of the most influential skateboarders of all time by FoxWeekly.\n\n", "Q18434": "Andr\u00e9 L\u00e9on Blum (French: [\u0251\u0303d\u0281e le\u0254\u0303 blum]; 9 April 1872 \u2013 30 March 1950) was a French socialist politician and three-time Prime Minister of France.\nAs a Jew, he was heavily influenced by the Dreyfus affair of the late 19th century. He was a disciple of French Socialist leader Jean Jaur\u00e8s and after 1914 became his successor. As Prime Minister in a Popular Front government of the left 1936-37, he provided a series of major economic reforms. Blum declared neutrality in the Spanish Civil War (1936\u201339) to avoid the civil conflict spilling over into France itself. Once out of office in 1938, he denounced the appeasement of Germany. When Germany defeated France in 1940, he became a staunch opponent of Vichy France. Tried by Vichy on trumped-up charges, he was imprisoned in Buchenwald concentration camp. After the war he resumed a transitional leadership role in French politics, helping to bring about the French Fourth Republic, until his death in 1950.", "Q122034": "Eva Gr\u00e4fin Finck von Finckenstein, n\u00e9e Schubring (3 December 1903, in Berlin \u2013 13 March 1994) was a German politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union.Schubring was born in Berlin to the art historian Professor Schubring. She visited school in Berlin and studied national economics at the University of Berlin. In 1928-33 she was the managing editor for foreign affairs of the Vossische Zeitung in Berlin. After the Nazis took over power in Germany she retreated from politics.She was first married to an Indian named Tendulkar and after her divorce she married Gottfried Graf Finck von Finckenstein in 1934, with whom she had five children. After her marriage she lived in Terpen in East Prussia. At the end of World War II she fled to Schleswig-Holstein, where she published a journal \"Die Hausfrau\" (The housewife) in 1949/50. In 1950 she joined the League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights (BHE) and became the personal assistant of BHE Chairman Waldemar Kraft and the party's press referent. In 1953 she was elected a member of the German Bundestag.\nIn 1954 she was not reelected into the BHE board, which led to the resignation of Waldemar Kraft as BHE Chairman. In 1956 Kraft, Finckenstein and Theodor Oberl\u00e4nder joined the CDU Fraction, which led to the decline of influence of the BHE in German politics.\nFinck von Finckenstein was not again elected to the Bundestag and retreated from politics.", "Q28859673": "Erika DeFreitas is a Toronto-based artist who works in textiles, performance and photography.\n\n", "Q181953": "William Wallace Stickney (March 21, 1853 \u2013 December 15, 1932) was an American lawyer and politician. As a Republican, he served as the 48th Governor of Vermont from October 4, 1900 to October 3, 1902.", "Q1419736": "Sir Alan Stanley Collins, (Chinese: \u67ef\u5b89\u9f8d\u7235\u58eb; born 1 April 1948), is a retired British diplomat and former Consul General in New York City (2007\u201311), High Commissioner to Singapore (2003\u201307) and Ambassador to the Philippines (1998\u20132002).\nCollins joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1981 as a Desk Office after working in the Ministry of Defence for around 11 years. He had served in a number of diplomatic positions in Ethiopia and the Philippines before he became Head of Aviation and Maritime Department in 1993. From 1995 to 1998, he was Director-General of the British Trade and Cultural Office in Taipei (predecessor of the British Office Taipei). Between 2002 and 2003, he was seconded to Royal Dutch Shell as Vice-President for International Relations.\nCollins took a keen interest in the welfare of children when he was Ambassador to the Philippines. As High Commissioner to Singapore, he took part in arranging Queen Elizabeth II's third state visit to that country in 2006, for which he was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order. In Singapore, he also served in the delegation that won the 2012 Olympics for London. In 2011, he was further associated with the preparation of the Olympic Games when he was appointed Managing Director of Olympic Legacy under the UK Trade & Investment.\nAfter retiring from the diplomatic service in 2011, Collins has held a number of directorships, including those of Prudential Assurance Singapore, ICICI Bank UK and JP Morgan American Investment Trust, etc. He has been Director-General of the Commonwealth Business Council since 2012.\n\n", "Q220": "Rome (Latin and Italian Roma [\u02c8ro\u02d0ma] (listen)) is the capital city and a special comune of Italy (named Comune di Roma Capitale). Rome also serves as the capital of the Lazio region. The city has been a major human settlement for over two millennia. With 2,879,728 residents in 1,285 km2 (496.1 sq mi), it is also the country's most populated comune. It is the third most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. It is the centre of the Metropolitan City of Rome, which has a population of 4,355,725 residents, thus making it the second or third most populous metropolitan city in Italy depending on definition. Rome is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of the Tiber. Vatican City (the smallest country in the world) is an independent country inside the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city; for this reason Rome has sometimes been defined as the capital of two states.Rome's history spans 28 centuries. While Roman mythology dates the founding of Rome at around 753 BC, the site has been inhabited for much longer, making it one of the oldest continuously occupied cities in Europe. The city's early population originated from a mix of Latins, Etruscans, and Sabines. Eventually, the city successively became the capital of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, and is regarded by many as the first ever Imperial City and metropolis. It was first called The Eternal City (Latin: Urbs Aeterna; Italian: La Citt\u00e0 Eterna) by the Roman poet Tibullus in the 1st century BC, and the expression was also taken up by Ovid, Virgil, and Livy. Rome is also called \"Caput Mundi\" (Capital of the World). After the fall of the Empire in the west, which marked the beginning of the Middle Ages, Rome slowly fell under the political control of the Papacy, and in the 8th century it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870. Beginning with the Renaissance, almost all popes since Nicholas V (1447\u20131455) pursued a coherent architectural and urban programme over four hundred years, aimed at making the city the artistic and cultural centre of the world. In this way, Rome became first one of the major centres of the Renaissance, and then the birthplace of both the Baroque style and Neoclassicism. Famous artists, painters, sculptors and architects made Rome the centre of their activity, creating masterpieces throughout the city. In 1871, Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, which, in 1946, became the Italian Republic.\nAs of 2020, Rome is ranked as an Alpha global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. In 2019, Rome was the 11th most visited city in the world, third most visited in the European Union, and the most popular tourist destination in Italy. Its historic centre is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Host city for the 1960 Summer Olympics, Rome is also the seat of several specialized agencies of the United Nations, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The city also hosts the Secretariat of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) as well as the headquarters of many international business companies such as Eni, Enel, TIM, Leonardo S.p.A., and national and international banks such as Unicredit and BNL. Rome's EUR business district is the home of many companies involved in the oil industry, the pharmaceutical industry, and financial services. The presence of renowned international brands in the city have made Rome an important centre of fashion and design, and the Cinecitt\u00e0 Studios have been the set of many Academy Award\u2013winning movies.\n\n", "Q47130": "Quintus Ennius (Latin pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u1da3i\u02d0nt\u032a\u028as\u033a \u02c8\u025bn\u02d0ij\u028as\u033a]; c. 239 \u2013 c. 169 BC) was a writer and poet who lived during the Roman Republic. He is often considered the father of Roman poetry. He was born in Rudiae, formerly a small town located near modern Lecce in the heel of Italy (ancient Calabria, today Salento), and could speak Oscan as well as Latin and Greek. Although only fragments of his works survive, his influence in Latin literature was significant, particularly in his use of Greek literary models.", "Q191598": "Nikolay Mikhailovich Karamzin (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0437\u0438\u043d, IPA: [n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj m\u02b2\u026a\u02c8xajl\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 k\u0259r\u0250m\u02c8z\u02b2in]; 12 December [O.S. 1 December] 1766 \u2013 3 June [O.S. 22 May] 1826) was a Russian writer, poet, historian and critic. He is best remembered for his History of the Russian State, a 12-volume national history.", "Q172603": "Piero Scotti (November 11, 1909 \u2013 February 14, 1976) was a racing driver from Italy. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on June 3, 1956. He scored no championship points.\n\n", "Q57323": "Otto III (11 February 1261 \u2013 9 November 1312), a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was the Duke of Lower Bavaria from 1290 to 1312 and the King of Hungary and Croatia between 1305 and 1307. His reign in Hungary was disputed by Charles Robert of the Angevin dynasty.\n\n", "Q1356508": "Ernest Walter Saunders (born 21 October 1935) is a British former business manager, best known as one of the \"Guinness Four\", a group of businessmen who attempted fraudulently to manipulate the share price of the Guinness company. He was sentenced to five years' imprisonment, but released after 10 months as he was believed to be suffering from Alzheimer's disease, which is incurable. He subsequently made a full recovery.", "Q625272": "Sunand Tryambak Joshi (born June 22, 1958) is an American writer, musician, critic and award-winning scholar whose work has largely focussed on weird and fantastic fiction, especially the life and work of H. P. Lovecraft and associated writers. Joshi is a lifelong scholar and editor of H.P. Lovecraft and restored Lovecraft's texts for Arkham House. He has published a lengthy biography of H. P. Lovecraft, I Am Providence: The Life and Times of H. P. Lovecraft (2 vols). Additionally, Joshi has been a prolific editor of works of weird fiction by various authors and a historian of the field across a number of volumes. He has also written extensively on atheism and rationalism, as well as forms of prejudice including sexism and racism. Joshi lives with his wife, Mary Krawczak Wilson, in Seattle, Washington.", "Q58010": "Prince Wilhelm of Urach, Count of W\u00fcrttemberg, 2nd Duke of Urach (Wilhelm Karl Florestan Gero Crescentius; German F\u00fcrst Wilhelm von Urach, Graf von W\u00fcrttemberg, 2. Herzog von Urach; 30 May 1864 \u2013 24 March 1928), was a German prince who was elected in June 1918 as King of Lithuania, with the regnal name of Mindaugas II. He never assumed the crown, however, as German authorities declared the election invalid; the invitation was withdrawn in November 1918. From 17 July 1869 until his death, he was the head of the morganatic Urach branch of the House of W\u00fcrttemberg.\n\n", "Q56029": "Sophia or Sophie Brahe or after marriage Sophie Thott Lange (24 August 1559 or 22 September 1556 \u2013 1643), was a Danish noble woman and horticulturalist with knowledge of astronomy, chemistry, and medicine. She assisted her brother Tycho Brahe with his astronomical observations.\n\n", "Q70950": "Marie-Elisabeth L\u00fcders (June 25, 1878 \u2013 March 23, 1966) was a German politician and women's rights activist.\nL\u00fcders was born in Berlin as the descendant of the 18th century agricultural reformer Philipp Ernst L\u00fcders. Her father was a senior Prussian civil servant. After finishing school in Berlin's western district of Charlottenburg, she took singing and photography lessons before enrolling in a one-year course in economics for women at the 'Reifensteiner wirtschaftliche Frauenschulen' in the Hessian town of Nieder-Ofleiden. Later, she became a social worker for the City of Berlin, responsible for inspecting housings with a view to sanitary conditions. She also worked for various women's organisations, mainly in the field of workers' protection and social affairs.\nAfter Prussian universities finally opened their doors to female students in 1908, L\u00fcders was among the first women to enroll at Berlin's Friedrich Wilhelm University (today known as Humboldt University of Berlin). She did so in 1909 and was awarded a doctorate in political science as early as in 1912, as many of her previous studies were credited towards her degree. During her studies, she founded a lobbying group in Berlin to promote equal educational opportunities for women.\nIn 1917, she obtained a senior position with the newly established 'Frauenarbeitszentrale' (\u2032Women\u2019s Central Work Office\u2035) and the 'Frauenreferat' (\u2035Women\u2019s Department\u2032) of the German War Office. Responsible for staffing, she made sure to recruit as many women as possible \u2013 among them many leading activists of the women's movement \u2013 to other senior positions within these organizations. Two of her priorities were to improve women's working conditions and to provide childcare for women workers' families.\nLike many progressive women's rights activist from the middle classes, L\u00fcders had joined one of Germany's liberal parties. Her choice had fallen upon the social liberal German Democratic Party (DDP). In 1919, she stood for the first free general elections of the Weimar Republic. She narrowly missed a seat to the National Assembly but succeeded Friedrich Naumann after his death in late 1919. She was a member of the Reichstag in 1920\u201321 and 1924\u201330), laying a strong focus on women's, workers', and children's rights. In 1930, she declined requests to stand as a candidate again, as she did not agree to her party's collaboration with nationalist forces to form the German State Party (DStP).\nWhen the National Socialists took power in 1933, L\u00fcders' activities came to an abrupt halt. Her writing was banned, save for one publication about women's social work during the 1914-1918 war; the women's associations of which she had been a member were disbanded. In 1937, she was imprisoned by the Gestapo, but released after four months, after international protests from womens' rights groups and diplomats alike.\nAfter the war, L\u00fcders was first voted into the Berlin City Assembly and later obtained a seat in the German Bundestag (1953\u201361). In 1953 and 1957, she was named '\u2018Alterspr\u00e4sidentin\u2018\u2018 of the German Bundestag \u2013 an honorific approximately equivalent of that of Mother of the House. She was not technically the oldest member, but Konrad Adenauer, being Federal Chancellor, had renounced the title. Though there are no set rules, the Alterspr\u00e4sident traditionally gives the first speech of the legislative period. \nDuring her time in parliament, L\u00fcders again laid a priority on women's rights and social policy. The so-called \"Lex L\u00fcders\" \u2013 a law governing the rights of foreigners marrired to German citizens \u2013 was inofficially named after her.\nMarie-Elisabeth L\u00fcders remained unmarried and had one son. \nShe resigned from parliament in 1961 and died five years later on 23 March 1966 in West Berlin.", "Q206890": "Carrie-Anne Moss (born August 21, 1967) is a Canadian actress. Following early roles on television, she rose to international prominence for her role of Trinity in The Matrix trilogy (1999\u20132003). She has starred in Memento (2000), Red Planet (2000), Chocolat (2000), Fido (2006), Snow Cake (2006), Disturbia (2007), Unthinkable (2010), Silent Hill: Revelation (2012), and Pompeii (2014). She also portrayed Jeri Hogarth in several television series produced by Marvel Television for Netflix, most notably Jessica Jones (2015\u20132019).", "Q217745": "Carl Peter Curman (8 March 1833 in Sj\u00f6gestad \u2013 19 October 1913 in Stockholm) was a Swedish physician and a prominent balneologist. he was also a gifted amateur architect and photographer.\nAfter school in Sk\u00e4nninge and Link\u00f6ping, Curman studied medicine at the University of Uppsala, where he took his preliminary medical degree in 1856, and at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, where he graduated with a master's degree in surgery in 1859 and a medical licentiate degree in 1864. He also spent several years as a student at the Royal Academy of Arts in parallel with his medical studies, and was considered one of the most promising students in sculpture. Curman taught anatomy at the Academy of Arts as acting professor in 1864-1865. From 1869 until 1902 he held a professorship of plastic anatomy there. He was also docent of balneology and climatology at the Karolinska Institute 1880-1898.\nCarl Curman's main claim to fame was as a balneologist. Anders Retzius, who was Curman's teacher at the Institute, convinced him to take a position as physician at a bath resort outside Lysekil, established by an old sea captain J. G. Moll\u00e9n, who had acquired some medical knowledge during his time at sea. After Moll\u00e9n's death in 1863, the resort was transformed into a joint-stock company and Curman given the task of making plans for a modern resort. He personally designed the bath house and other buildings and remained as head for the resort until 1888. Curman was an influential propagator for the health effects of baths and initiated and led the construction of many bath houses, including the Sturebadet bath house at Stureplan in central Stockholm. Curman made the plans for the bath house and designed a fa\u00e7ade modelled on the Ca' Vendramin Calergi in Venice.\nCurman also designed his own classicist villa at Floragatan in Stockholm. During the last two decades of the 19th century, the salons there, hosted by him and his wife Calla, n\u00e9e Lundstr\u00f6m, were popular among the artistic and intellectual circles of the capital.\nHis children included the architectural historian and restoration architect Sigurd Curman.", "Q342778": "Patrick Charles Eugene Boone (born June 1, 1934) is an American singer, composer, actor, writer, television personality, motivational speaker, and spokesman. He was a successful pop singer in the United States during the 1950s and early 1960s. He sold more than 45 million records, had 38 top-40 hits, and appeared in more than 12 Hollywood films.\nAccording to Billboard, Boone was the second-biggest charting artist of the late 1950s, behind only Elvis Presley, and was ranked at No. 9 in its listing of the Top 100 Top 40 Artists 1955\u20131995. Until the 2010s, Boone held the Billboard record for spending 220 consecutive weeks on the charts with one or more songs each week.\nAt the age of 23, he began hosting a half-hour ABC variety television series, The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom, which aired for 115 episodes (1957\u20131960). Many musical performers, including Edie Adams, Andy Williams, Pearl Bailey, and Johnny Mathis, made appearances on the show. His cover versions of rhythm and blues hits had a noticeable effect on the development of the broad popularity of rock and roll. Elvis Presley was the opening act for a 1955 Pat Boone show in Cleveland, Ohio.As an author, Boone had a number-one bestseller in the 1950s (Twixt Twelve and Twenty, Prentice-Hall). In the 1960s, he focused on gospel music and is a member of the Gospel Music Hall of Fame. He continues to perform and speak as a motivational speaker, a television personality, and a conservative political commentator.", "Q122020": "Hilary Erhard Duff (born September 28, 1987) is an American actress, businesswoman, singer, songwriter, producer, and writer. Duff began her acting career at a young age and quickly became labeled a teen idol as the title character of the hit television series Lizzie McGuire (2001\u20132004) and in the theatrical film based on the series, The Lizzie McGuire Movie (2003). Thereafter, Duff appeared in numerous films, with leading roles in Agent Cody Banks (2003), Cheaper by the Dozen (2003), A Cinderella Story (2004), and Cheaper by the Dozen 2 (2005). After experiencing commercial and critical failure in Material Girls (2006), Duff began appearing in independent films such as War, Inc. (2008), According to Greta (2009), and The Haunting of Sharon Tate (2019). She was also an executive producer on the latter two films. Since 2015, she has starred as Kelsey Peters on the TV Land comedy-drama series Younger, for which she has received nominations for People's Choice Awards in 2016 and 2017.\nDuff first came to prominence in music after releasing her Christmas-themed debut studio album, Santa Claus Lane (2002), through Walt Disney Records. She then enjoyed significant commercial success and platinum and gold certifications with her subsequent studio albums released through Hollywood Records, including Metamorphosis (2003), Hilary Duff (2004), Most Wanted (2005), and Dignity (2007). Following a hiatus from music, Duff signed with RCA Records for her fifth studio album, Breathe In. Breathe Out. (2015), which debuted in the top 5 positions in Duff's major markets: the US and Canada. In addition to music and acting, Duff has also co-authored a trilogy of novels, beginning with Elixir (2010), which became a New York Times best seller, and followed by the sequels Devoted (2011) and True (2013).\nHer success in the entertainment industry led her to venture into business with fashion lines of her own such as Stuff by Hilary Duff, Femme for DKNY, and most recently the \"Muse x Hilary Duff\" collection, a collaborative effort with GlassesUSA. She has also invested in a number of businesses ranging from cosmetics to children's products. She has been the subject of media attention throughout her career, with interest focusing on her romantic relationships, friendships, and public image, especially her relationships with Aaron Carter and Joel Madden when she was a teenager. Duff has been married twice, firstly to former professional ice hockey player Mike Comrie from 2010 till 2016, and later to record producer and singer-songwriter Matthew Koma since 2019. Duff has also been hailed as an inspiration by subsequent Disney teen stars such as Miley Cyrus, Demi Lovato, Bridgit Mendler, and Selena Gomez and has sold an estimated 15 million records since her debut in 2002.", "Q241503": "Lera Auerbach (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0445, born Valeria Lvovna Averbakh, Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0445; 21 October 1973, Chelyabinsk) is a Soviet-Russian-born American classical composer and pianist.", "Q18420": "Joachim du Bellay (also Joachim Du Bellay; French: [\u0292oa\u0283\u025b\u0303 dy b\u025bl\u025b]; c. 1522 \u2013 1 January 1560) was a French poet, critic, and a founder of the Pl\u00e9iade. He notably wrote the manifesto of the group: D\u00e9fense et illustration de la langue fran\u00e7aise, which aimed at promoting French as an artistic language, equal to Greek and Latin.\n\n", "Q164075": "Howard Robard Hughes Sr. (September 9, 1869 \u2013 January 14, 1924) was an American businessman and inventor. He was the founder of Hughes Tool Company. He invented the \"Sharp\u2013Hughes\" rotary tri-cone rock drill bit during the Texas Oil Boom. He is best known as the father of Howard Hughes, the famous American business tycoon.", "Q295034": "Philip John Clapp (born March 11, 1971), known professionally by his stage name Johnny Knoxville, is an American actor, film producer, screenwriter, comedian and stunt performer. He is best known as a co-creator and star of the MTV reality stunt show Jackass, which aired for three seasons from 2000\u20132002. A year later, Knoxville and his co-stars returned for the first installment in the Jackass film series, with a second and third installment being released in 2006 and 2010, respectively. Jackass Presents: Bad Grandpa (2013), the first film in the series with a storyline, saw him star as his Jackass character Irving Zisman. Knoxville has had acting roles in films such as Men in Black II (2002), A Dirty Shame, Walking Tall (2004), The Dukes of Hazzard, The Ringer, and a cameo role as a sleazy corporate president of a skateboard company in Lords of Dogtown (all 2005), The Last Stand (2013) and Skiptrace (2016). He also voiced Leonardo in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014).", "Q49109": "Bard College is a private liberal arts college in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York. The campus overlooks the Hudson River and Catskill Mountains, and is within the Hudson River Historic District, a National Historic Landmark.\nFounded in 1860, the institution consists of a liberal arts college and a conservatory, as well as eight graduate programs offering over 20 graduate degrees in the arts and sciences. The undergraduate student-to-faculty ratio is 10:1. The college has a network of over 35 affiliated programs, institutes, and centers, spanning twelve cities, five states, seven countries, and four continents.Bard's Annandale campus serves as an important regional cultural institution. Both the CCS Hessel Museum of Contemporary Art and the Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing Arts are located on campus. The college also hosts two acclaimed annual arts festivals, Bard SummerScape, and the Bard Music Festival.", "Q323392": "Scream 4 (stylized as SCRE4M) is a 2011 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson. Produced by Outerbanks Entertainment and distributed by Dimension Films, it is the fourth installment in the Scream film series. The film stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, Emma Roberts, Hayden Panettiere, Anthony Anderson, Alison Brie, Adam Brody, Rory Culkin, Marielle Jaffe, Erik Knudsen, Mary McDonnell, Marley Shelton, and Nico Tortorella. The film takes place on the fifteenth anniversary of the original Woodsboro murders and involves Sidney Prescott returning to the town after ten years, where Ghostface once again begins killing students from Woodsboro High. Like its predecessors, Scream 4 combines the violence of the slasher genre with elements of black comedy and \"whodunit\" mystery to satirize the clich\u00e9s of film remakes. The film also provides a commentary on the extensive usage of social media and the obsession of internet fame.\nThe series was originally intended to be a trilogy, concluding with Scream 3 in 2000. However, in June 2008, The Weinstein Company announced a fourth sequel was in development, with Craven confirmed to return in March 2010. Principal photography took place from June to September 2010, taking place in and around Ann Arbor, Michigan. During production, Ehren Kruger, who previously wrote the screenplay for Scream 3, was hired for script rewrites. Reshoots were filmed in early 2011, following test screenings.\nScream 4 was released on April 15, 2011, and grossed $97 million worldwide on a budget of $40 million, becoming the lowest-grossing film in the Scream franchise. It received mixed reviews from critics, with praise going towards the performances, direction and humor, and criticism for its lack of scares and reliance on clich\u00e9d formulas. However, many considered it to be an improvement over its predecessor. Scream 4 was the final film to be directed by Craven before his death in 2015. It was followed by an anthology television series, developed for MTV, without the involvement of Williamson, Arquette, Campbell or Cox, although Roger L. Jackson returned to voice Ghostface in the third season.", "Q70788": "Paul Daimler (September 13, 1869 \u2013 December 15, 1945) was a German mechanical engineer who designed automobiles. He was the eldest child of Gottlieb Daimler who founded Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft and (with Wilhelm Maybach) invented the petrol engine.\n\nAfter studying at the Technische Hochschule Stuttgart, he worked in his father's factory in Cannstatt. On November 10, 1885 he travelled with his father in the \"riding car\"\u2014the world's first motorcycle\u2014from Cannstatt to Untert\u00fcrkheim. In 1902, Paul was sent to the general partners of Austro-Daimler, where he became the technical director. In 1903, he designed an armoured car. From 1907 to 1922 he was Technical Director of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft Untert\u00fcrkheim, Sindelfingen and Berlin-Marienfelde. On July 1, 1923, he joined Horch, part of Argus Motoren Gesellschaft and made a name for himself there as a developer in the department of motor aircraft engines, remaining until 1928. \nExamples of his work include the hydraulic valve lifters, which he introduced in 1931.", "Q48217": "Shlomo ha-Levi Alkabetz, also spelt Alqabitz, Alqabes; (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05d0\u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05e5) (c. 1500 \u2013 1576) was a rabbi, kabbalist and poet perhaps best known for his composition of the song Lecha Dodi.", "Q11362": "Avempace (c.\u20091085 \u2013 1138) is the Latinate form of Ibn B\u0101jja (Arabic: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062c\u0629\u200e), full name Ab\u016b Bakr Mu\u1e25ammad Ibn Ya\u1e25y\u00e0 ibn a\u1e63-\u1e62\u0101\u2019igh at-T\u016bj\u012bb\u012b Ibn B\u0101jja (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062c\u0629), who was an Arab \nAndalusian polymath: his writings include works regarding astronomy, physics, and music, as well as philosophy, medicine, botany, and poetry.He was the author of the Kit\u0101b an-Nab\u0101t (\"The Book of Plants\"), a popular work on botany, which defined the sex of plants. His philosophical theories influenced the work of Ibn Rushd (Averroes) and Albertus Magnus. Most of his writings and books were not completed (or well-organized) due to his early death. He had a vast knowledge of medicine, mathematics and astronomy. His main contribution to Islamic philosophy was his idea on soul phenomenology, which was never completed.\nAvempace was, in his time, not only a prominent figure of philosophy but also of music and poetry. His diwan (Arabic: collection of poetry) was rediscovered in 1951.\nThough many of his works have not survived, his theories in astronomy and physics were preserved by Maimonides and Averroes respectively, and influenced later astronomers and physicists in the Islamic civilization and Renaissance Europe, including Galileo Galilei.Avempace wrote one of the first (argued by some to be the first) commentaries on Aristotle in the western world. While his work on projectile motion was never translated from Arabic to Latin, his views became well known around the western world and to western philosophers, astronomers, and scientists of many disciplines. His works impacted contemporary medieval thought, and later influenced Galileo and his work. Avempace's theories on projectile motion are found in the text known as \"Text 71\".In 2009, a crater 199k km (62 mi) from the South Pole of the Moon was designated The Ibn Bajja crater by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in his honor.\n\n", "Q1232924": "Luis Rodr\u00edguez Salazar (born 1948) is a Spanish producer, arranger, mixer and engineer, known by his role in the co-production of Modern Talking. He was also involved up to the 1990s in most of Dieter Bohlen's productions, for example, C. C. Catch and Blue System, working as co-producer.", "Q768414": "Eric Gordon Corley (born December 16, 1959), also frequently referred to by his pen name of Emmanuel Goldstein, is a figure in the hacker community. He directs the non-profit organization 2600 Enterprises, Inc., publishes a magazine called 2600: The Hacker Quarterly (which has associated monthly meet-ups around the world), and hosts the hacker convention Hackers on Planet Earth (HOPE). His pseudonym is derived from the fictional opposition leader in George Orwell's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four.\nIn 1993, Corley testified before the United States House of Representatives Subcommittee on Telecommunications. Corley was questioned in relation to the content of 2600 as part of discussions concerning the Digital Telephony Bill; also known as the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act.Corley is the editor of The Best of 2600: A Hacker Odyssey which was released July 2008. The book consists of articles from the magazine 2600: The Hacker Quarterly set in chronological order to show the evolution of the internet and technology. A follow-up book, Dear Hacker. Letters to the Editor of 2600, was published in 2010.Corley is the host of both the weekly radio programs Off the Hook on WBAI-FM and Off the Wall on WUSB-FM. While Off the Hook often includes a panel of guests and is frequently centered on technological topics, Off the Wall is usually narrated by Eric Corley himself and has covered a wide range of topics. Off the Hook has been on the air since 1988.Corley directed the 2001 film Freedom Downtime, a documentary about the incarcerations of Kevin Mitnick and Bernie S that also examines alleged distortions in mainstream media coverage of Mitnick's case.", "Q57337": "Anton Praetorius (1560 \u2013 6 December 1613) was a German Calvinist pastor who spoke out against the persecution of witches (witchhunts, witchcraft trials) and against torture.", "Q104781": "Helfrich Bernhard Wenck (19 June 1739 \u2013 27 April 1803) was a German historian and educator born in Idstein, Hesse.He attended the Darmstadt P\u00e4dagogium, where his father, Johann Martin Wenck, served as rector. He later studied in Giessen and G\u00f6ttingen, and in August 1761, was hired at the Darmstadt P\u00e4dagogium as a collaborator. Here, he served as sub-conrector (from 1766), pro-rector (from 1768) and as rector (from 1769). From 1775, he worked as an historiographer, and he later attained the position of consistorialrath in 1778. In 1783 he became member of the Academiae Theodoro-Palatinae in Mannheim (today University of Mannheim).His best known literary effort was a work on Hessian history called Hessische Landesgeschichte, published in three volumes between 1783 and 1803. Another noted work of his was Lateinische Grammatik f\u00fcr Schulen (Latin grammar for schools), later revised in 1823, by Georg Friedrich Grotefend (1775-1853).\nHe was the brother of historian Friedrich August Wilhelm Wenck (1741\u20131810).", "Q201127": "Asbury Park is a city in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States, located on the Jersey Shore and part of the New York City Metropolitan Area. \nAs of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 16,116, reflecting a decline of 814 (\u22124.8%) from the 16,930 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 131 (+0.8%) from the 16,799 counted in the 1990 Census.It was ranked the sixth-best beach in New Jersey in the 2008 Top 10 Beaches Contest sponsored by the New Jersey Marine Sciences Consortium.Asbury Park was originally incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 26, 1874, from portions of Ocean Township. The borough was reincorporated on February 28, 1893. Asbury Park was incorporated as a city, its current type of government, as of March 25, 1897.", "Q107288": "Lili\u02bbuokalani (Hawaiian pronunciation: [li\u02ccli\u0294uok\u0259\u02c8l\u0250ni]; Lydia Lili\u02bbu Loloku Walania Kamaka\u02bbeha; September 2, 1838 \u2013 November 11, 1917) was the only queen regnant and the last sovereign monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom, ruling from January 29, 1891, until the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom on January 17, 1893. The composer of \"Aloha \u02bbOe\" and numerous other works, she wrote her autobiography Hawai\u02bbi's Story by Hawai\u02bbi's Queen during her imprisonment following the overthrow.\nLili\u02bbuokalani was born on September 2, 1838, in Honolulu, on the island of O\u02bbahu. While her natural parents were Analea Keohok\u0101lole and Caesar Kapa\u02bbakea, she was h\u0101nai (informally adopted) at birth by Abner P\u0101k\u012b and Laura K\u014dnia and raised with their daughter Bernice Pauahi Bishop. Baptized as a Christian and educated at the Royal School, she and her siblings and cousins were proclaimed eligible for the throne by King Kamehameha III. She was married to American-born John Owen Dominis, who later became the Governor of O\u02bbahu. The couple had no biological children but adopted several. After the accession of her brother David Kal\u0101kaua to the throne in 1874, she and her siblings were given Western style titles of Prince and Princess. In 1877, after her younger brother Leleiohoku II's death, she was proclaimed as heir apparent to the throne. During the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria, she represented her brother as an official envoy to the United Kingdom.\nLili\u02bbuokalani ascended to the throne on January 29, 1891, nine days after her brother's death. During her reign, she attempted to draft a new constitution which would restore the power of the monarchy and the voting rights of the economically disenfranchised. Threatened by her attempts to abrogate the Bayonet Constitution, pro-American elements in Hawai\u02bbi overthrew the monarchy on January 17, 1893. The overthrow was bolstered by the landing of US Marines under John L. Stevens to protect American interests, which rendered the monarchy unable to protect itself.\nThe coup d'\u00e9tat established the Republic of Hawai\u02bbi, but the ultimate goal was the annexation of the islands to the United States, which was temporarily blocked by President Grover Cleveland. After an unsuccessful uprising to restore the monarchy, the oligarchical government placed the former queen under house arrest at the \u02bbIolani Palace. On January 24, 1895, Lili\u02bbuokalani was forced to abdicate the Hawaiian throne, officially ending the deposed monarchy. Attempts were made to restore the monarchy and oppose annexation, but with the outbreak of the Spanish\u2013American War, the United States annexed Hawai\u02bbi. Living out the remainder of her later life as a private citizen, Lili\u02bbuokalani died at her residence, Washington Place, in Honolulu on November 11, 1917.", "Q15270614": "Sidney Sheldon's If Tomorrow Comes is a 1986 CBS miniseries based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Sidney Sheldon, starring Madolyn Smith, Tom Berenger and David Keith. It was directed by Jerry London and the screenplay was written by Carmen Culver.", "Q253107": "Greedy is a 1994 American comedy film directed by Jonathan Lynn and written by Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel. The film stars Michael J. Fox, Kirk Douglas, and Nancy Travis, with Phil Hartman, Ed Begley Jr., Olivia d'Abo, Colleen Camp, and Bob Balaban appearing in supporting roles. The original music score was composed by Randy Edelman. Upon its release, the movie received a negative reception from critics.", "Q169551": "Zebulon Weaver (May 12, 1872 \u2013 October 29, 1948) was a Democratic U.S. Congressman from North Carolina between 1917 and 1929 and between 1931 and 1947.", "Q75828": "Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers (; German: [\u02c8\u0254lb\u0250s]; 11 October 1758 \u2013 2 March 1840) was a German physician and astronomer.\n\n", "Q87466": "Johannes or Jan Luyken (April 16, 1649 \u2013 April 5, 1712) was a Dutch poet, illustrator and engraver.", "Q348533": "Nicholas Scott Cannon (born October 8, 1980) is an American actor, comedian, rapper, director, writer, producer, and television host. On television, Cannon began as a teenager on All That before going on to host The Nick Cannon Show, Wild 'N Out, America's Got Talent, Lip Sync Battle Shorties and The Masked Singer. He acted in the films Drumline, Love Don't Cost a Thing and Roll Bounce.\nAs a rapper he released his debut self-titled album in 2003 with the single \"Gigolo\", a collaboration with singer R. Kelly. In 2007 he played the role of the fictional footballer TJ Harper in the film Goal II: Living the Dream. In 2006, Cannon recorded the singles \"Dime Piece\" and \"My Wife\" for the planned album Stages, which was never released.\nCannon married American singer Mariah Carey in 2008. The pair separated and filed for divorce in December 2014. The divorce was finalized in 2016, and they co-parent their children.", "Q2942199": "Catherine Lob\u00e9 (French pronunciation: \u200b[kat\u0281in l\u0254be]; previously Guetta; born 27 March 1967) is a French former nightclub manager and events organizer, socialite, and actress. She is the ex-wife of DJ and music producer David Guetta.\n\n", "Q86778": "Alfred Braun (13 May 1888 \u2013 3 January 1978) was a German screenwriter, actor and film director.", "Q512314": "A socialite is a person (usually from a wealthy, or aristocratic background) who plays a prominent role in high society. A socialite spends a significant amount of time attending various fashionable social gatherings.", "Q1724": "Saarbr\u00fccken (, also US: , German: [za\u02d0\u0250\u032f\u02c8b\u0281\u028fkn\u0329] (listen); French: Sarrebruck [sa\u0281b\u0281yk]; Rhine Franconian: Saarbrigge [za\u02d0\u02c8b\u0281\u026a\u0261\u0259]) is the capital and largest city of the state of Saarland, Germany. Saarbr\u00fccken is Saarland's administrative, commercial and cultural centre and is next to the French border.\nSaarbr\u00fccken was created in 1909 by the merger of three towns, Saarbr\u00fccken, St. Johann, and Malstatt-Burbach. It was the industrial and transport centre of the Saar coal basin. Products included iron and steel, sugar, beer, pottery, optical instruments, machinery, and construction materials.\nHistoric landmarks in the city include the stone bridge across the Saar (1546), the Gothic church of St. Arnual, the 18th-century Saarbr\u00fccken Castle, and the old part of the town, the Sankt Johanner Markt (Market of St. Johann).\nIn the 20th century, Saarbr\u00fccken was twice separated from Germany: in 1920\u201335 as capital of the Territory of the Saar Basin and in 1947\u201356 as capital of the Saar Protectorate.", "Q203730": "Gregory Michael Bryk (born 19 August 1972) is a Canadian film and television actor. He has had a number of film roles, and may be best known as a series regular in three different television shows\u2014ReGenesis, XIII: The Series and Bitten. He is also well known for his role in 2018 game Far Cry 5, for which he provided his voice and likeness for Joseph Seed, the lead antagonist. He also reprised his role as Joseph Seed in the sequel Far Cry: New Dawn.", "Q64925": "Medel is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q65385": "Hans Bernd Gisevius (14 July 1904 \u2013 23 February 1974) was a German diplomat and intelligence officer during the Second World War. A covert opponent of the Nazi regime, he served as a liaison in Z\u00fcrich between Allen Dulles, station chief for the American OSS and the German Resistance forces in Germany.", "Q657828": "Joseph Ruttenberg, A.S.C. (July 4, 1889 - May 1, 1983) was a Russian-born American photojournalist and cinematographer.Ruttenberg was accomplished at winning accolades. At MGM, Ruttenberg was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography 10 times, winning four. In addition, he won the 1954 Golden Globe Award for his camera work on the film Brigadoon.", "Q91562": "Tamara Desni (22 October 1913 \u2013 7 February 2008) was a German-born British actress. She appeared in films in the 1930s and 1940s.", "Q1042": "Seychelles ( (listen); French: [s\u025b\u0283\u025bl] or [se\u0283\u025bl]), officially the Republic of Seychelles (French: R\u00e9publique des Seychelles; Creole: La Repiblik Sesel), is an archipelagic island country in the Indian Ocean at the eastern edge of the Somali Sea. It consists of 115 islands. Its capital and largest city, Victoria, lies 1,500 kilometres (932 mi) east of mainland Africa. Other nearby island countries and territories include Comoros, Mayotte (territory of France), Madagascar, R\u00e9union (territory of France), and Mauritius to the south; as well as the Maldives and Chagos Archipelago to the east. With a population of roughly 94,367, it has the smallest population of any sovereign African country.Seychelles was uninhabited prior to being encountered by Europeans in the 16th century. It faced competing French and British interests until coming under full British control in the late 19th century. Since proclaiming independence from the United Kingdom in 1976, Seychelles has developed from a largely agricultural society to a market-based diversified economy, characterized by rapidly rising service, public sector, and tourism activities. From 1976 until 2015, nominal GDP grew nearly sevenfold, and purchasing power parity increased nearly sixteenfold. Since the late 2010s, the government has taken steps to encourage foreign investment.\nToday, Seychelles boasts the highest nominal per capita GDP of any African nation. It is the first African country with an HDI score exceeding 0.800, and therefore the only country in the continent with a very high Human Development Index. It is the only country in Africa classified as a high-income economy by the World Bank. Despite its relative prosperity, poverty remains widespread, and the country has one of the highest levels of economic inequality and unequal wealth distribution, with the upper and ruling class commanding a vast proportion of the country's wealth.Seychellois culture and society is an eclectic mix of French, British and African influences, with more recent infusions of Chinese and Indian elements. The country is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Southern African Development Community, and the Commonwealth of Nations.", "Q1792971": "Walter Duncan McIndoe (March 30, 1819 \u2013 August 22, 1872) was a lumber industrialist and politician from north-central Wisconsin. Among his notable achievements was election to the United States House of Representatives.\nBorn in Dumbartonshire, Scotland, McIndoe immigrated to the United States in 1834. He engaged in business in New York, Charleston, and St. Louis, finally settling in Wisconsin in 1845 where he became involved in the lumber business. He served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1850, 1854, and 1855. In 1850 as a member of the Assembly he introduced a bill changing the name of his home community from Big Bull Falls to Wausau and creating Marathon County. Initially a Whig, in 1854 he became a member of the newly formed Republican Party. At the 1857 Republican Party convention, he was a gubernatorial candidate, contending with Edward Dwight Holton, with both candidates losing to the eventual governor, Alexander Randall. During the Civil War he was provost marshal of Wisconsin.\nMcIndoe was elected as a Republican to represent Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district in the Thirty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Luther Hanchett (January 26, 1863\u2013March 3, 1863). He was reelected to the Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses this time as the representative of Wisconsin's newly created 6th district serving from March 4, 1863 to March 3, 1867. During the Thirty-ninth Congress, he served as chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. In 1866, McIndoe declined candidacy for renomination, instead resuming his interests in the lumber business. He died in Wausau, Wisconsin, on August 22, 1872, and was interred at Pine Grove Cemetery.", "Q298276": "Michael Christopher Sheen (born 5 February 1969) is a Welsh actor and political activist. After training at London's Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), he worked mainly in theatre throughout the 1990s and made notable stage appearances in Romeo and Juliet (1992), Don't Fool With Love (1993), Peer Gynt (1994), The Seagull (1995), The Homecoming (1997), and Henry V (1997). His performances in Amadeus at the Old Vic and Look Back in Anger at the National Theatre were nominated for Olivier Awards in 1998 and 1999, respectively. In 2003, he was nominated for a third Olivier Award for his performance in Caligula at the Donmar Warehouse.\nSheen has become better known as a screen actor since the 2000s, in particular through his roles in various biographical films. With writer Peter Morgan, he has starred in a trilogy of films as British politician Tony Blair: the television film The Deal in 2003, followed by The Queen (2006) and The Special Relationship (2010). For playing Blair, he was nominated for both a BAFTA Award and an Emmy. He was also nominated for a BAFTA as the troubled comic actor Kenneth Williams in BBC Four's 2006 Fantabulosa!, and was nominated for a fourth Olivier Award in 2006 for portraying the broadcaster David Frost in Frost/Nixon, a role he revisited in the 2008 film adaptation of the play. He also starred as the controversial football manager Brian Clough in The Damned United (2009).\nSince 2009 and into the 2010s, Sheen has become known for a wider variety of roles. In 2009, Sheen appeared in two fantasy films, Underworld: Rise of the Lycans and The Twilight Saga: New Moon, while in 2010, he made a four-episode guest appearance in the NBC comedy 30 Rock. He appeared in the science-fiction film Tron: Legacy (2010) and Woody Allen's romantic comedy Midnight in Paris (2011). Sheen directed and starred in National Theatre Wales's The Passion. From late 2011 until early 2012, Sheen played the title role in Hamlet at the Young Vic. In 2013, he received a Golden Globe nomination for his role in Showtime's television drama Masters of Sex.\nMore recently, Sheen played an incarcerated doctor in Fox's 2019 drama, Prodigal Son (2019), an angel in the 2019 BBC/Amazon Studios mini series of Neil Gaiman and Terry Pratchett's end of the world novel, Good Omens, and appeared as Chris Tarrant in Quiz, the 2020 screen adaptation of a theatrical production telling the tale of the coughing scandal which denied a top prize win on the British version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in 2001.\n\n", "Q53637": "Rickard Johannes Sandler (29 January 1884 \u2013 12 November 1964) was a Swedish Social Democratic politician. He served as\nMinister without Portfolio in the Swedish government from 10 March 1920 to 30 June 1920, Minister for Finance from 1 July 1920 to 27 October 1920, Minister without Portfolio from 13 October 1921 to 19 April 1923, Minister for Trade from 14 October 1924 to 24 January 1925, Prime Minister from 24 January 1925 to 7 June 1926, and as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 24 September 1932 to 19 June 1936 and again from 28 September 1936 to 13 December 1939. Sandler is the only Swedish Social Democratic Prime Minister who did not also hold the post of party chairman. He is also the second-youngest Prime Minister of Sweden, aged 41 when he took office.", "Q88033": "Alfred Hillebrandt (15 March 1853, in Gro\u00df N\u00e4dlitz \u2013 18 October 1927, in Deutsch-Lissa) was a German Sanskrit scholar.", "Q7433": "Myrtle Claire Bachelder (March 13, 1908 \u2013 May 22, 1997) was an American chemist and Women's Army Corps officer, who is noted for her secret work on the Manhattan Project atomic bomb program, and for the development of techniques in the chemistry of metals.", "Q744698": "The Polish Academy of Literature (Polish: Polska Akademia Literatury, PAL) was one of the most important state institutions of literary life in the Second Polish Republic, operating between 1933\u20131939 with the headquarters in Warsaw. It was founded by the decree of the Council of Ministers of the Republic (Rada Ministr\u00f3w RP).The Academy was the highest opinion-forming authority in the country, in charge of all aspects of promoting and honoring the most outstanding contemporary achievements of Polish literature. According to its own statute, the main objective of the Academy was to raise the quality level of Poland's publishing, while working in conjunction with the government efforts and NGO endeavors focused on the advancement of Polish culture and art in general. The century of foreign Partitions of Poland, ending in 1918, was marked by the forcible suppression of Polish education, language and religion under Prussian (and later German rule, see Kulturkampf), and outright Russification in the territories occupied by the Tsarist Empire, reaching its epitome under Otto von Bismarck on the one hand, and Nicholas II on the other. It resulted in staggering levels of illiteracy on Polish lands, as noted by Stefan \u017beromski in 1923. PAL was called forth to reinforce the historic standards of quality, exalt the honor of Poland's literary tradition and explore the intricacies of her heritage. It was proposed for the first time by \u017beromski in 1920 already, but accepted as an idea only nine years later (and five years after his death), in 1929.", "Q482075": "Tam\u00e1s Acz\u00e9l (Hungarian: [\u02c8t\u0252ma\u02d0\u0283 \u02c8\u0252t\u0361se\u02d0l]; 16 December 1921 \u2013 18 April 1994) was a Kossuth Prize-winning Hungarian poet, writer, journalist and university professor.", "Q215634": "Alexander Kipnis (February 13 [O.S. February 1] 1891 \u2013 May 14, 1978) was a Ukrainian-born operatic bass. Having initially established his artistic reputation in Europe, Kipnis became an American citizen in 1931, following his marriage to an American. He appeared often at the Chicago Opera before making his belated d\u00e9but at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City in 1940.", "Q11404": "The drum is a member of the percussion group of musical instruments. In the Hornbostel-Sachs classification system, it is a membranophone. Drums consist of at least one membrane, called a drumhead or drum skin, that is stretched over a shell and struck, either directly with the player's hands, or with a percussion mallet, to produce sound. There is usually a resonance head on the underside of the drum, typically tuned to a slightly lower pitch than the top drumhead. Other techniques have been used to cause drums to make sound, such as the thumb roll. Drums are the world's oldest and most ubiquitous musical instruments, and the basic design has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years.Drums may be played individually, with the player using a single drum, and some drums such as the djembe are almost always played in this way. Others are normally played in a set of two or more, all played by the one player, such as bongo drums and timpani. A number of different drums together with cymbals form the basic modern drum kit.", "Q500076": "Gentofte Kommune is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in the Capital Region of Denmark (Region Hovedstaden) on the east coast of the island of Zealand (Sj\u00e6lland) in eastern Denmark. It covers an area of 25.54 km2 (9.86 sq mi), and has a total population of 74,548 (1 April 2014). Since 1993, its mayor has been Hans Toft, a member of the Conservative People's Party (Det Konservative Folkeparti).\nThe municipality is an amalgamation of three formerly independent towns, and several other local settlements, all close to one another. The site of its municipal council is in Charlottenlund. The three original towns were Gentofte, Vangede and Ordrup. It later included Tuborg, Skovshoved, Dysseg\u00e5rd, Hellerup, J\u00e6gersborg, and Klampenborg.\nNeighboring municipalities are Lyngby-Taarb\u00e6k to the north, Gladsaxe to the west, and Copenhagen to the south. The \u00d8resund, the strait that separates Zealand from Sweden, is to the east.\nGentofte municipality was not merged with other municipalities in the 1 January 2007 nationwide Kommunalreformen.\n\n", "Q293323": "Lynn Ahrens (born October 1, 1948) is an American writer and lyricist for the musical theatre, television and film. She has collaborated with Stephen Flaherty for many years. She won the Tony Award, Drama Desk Award, and Outer Critics Circle Award for the Broadway musical Ragtime. Together with Flaherty, they have written many musicals, including Lucky Stiff, My Favorite Year, Ragtime, Seussical, A Man of No Importance, Dessa Rose, The Glorious Ones, Rocky, Little Dancer and, recently on Broadway, Anastasia and Once on This Island.\nShe was also nominated for two Academy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards for the animated Twentieth Century Fox film Anastasia. She wrote the teleplay of her 1994 musical adaption of A Christmas Carol, with music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Ahrens. She was a mainstay writer and performer for ABC-TV's Schoolhouse Rock! Ahrens also wrote lyrics for the title song for After the Storm, the documentary film about young Hurricane Katrina survivors putting on Once On This Island.", "Q93375": "Roy Walter Riehlman (August 26, 1899 \u2013 July 16, 1978) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York.\n\n", "Q653496": "Patr\u00edcia Rehder Galv\u00e3o, known by her pseudonym Pagu (June 9, 1910 \u2013 December 12, 1962) was a Brazilian writer, poet, playwright, journalist, and translator who had a large role in the Brazilian Modernist movement. Pagu was also politically active, being associated to the Brazilian Communist Party during the 1930 decade.\n\n", "Q103788": "Mervyn LeRoy (October 15, 1900 \u2013 September 13, 1987) was an American film director, film producer, author, and occasional actor.", "Q84609": "Fritz Pfleumer (20 March 1881 in Salzburg \u2013 29 August 1945 in Radebeul) was a German-Austrian engineer who invented magnetic tape for recording sound.", "Q444146": "Amber Dawn West (n\u00e9e Stevens; born October 7, 1986), known as Amber Stevens West, is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Ashleigh Howard in the ABC Family series Greek (2007\u20132011), Maxine in the NBC sitcom The Carmichael Show (2015\u20132017), and Claire Davis in the CBS comedy Happy Together (2018\u20132019). She has also appeared in films The Amazing Spider-Man (2012), 22 Jump Street (2014) and Jessabelle (2014).", "Q345771": "Joshua Sinclair (born May 7, 1953) is an American writer, producer, actor and director born in New York City.", "Q1400515": "Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu (22 January 1971 \u2013 25 July 2017), also referred to since his death as Dr G Yunupingu, was an Indigenous Australian musician. A multi-instrumentalist, he played drums, keyboards, guitar (a right-hand-strung guitar played left-handed) and didgeridoo, but it was the clarity of his singing voice that attracted rave reviews. He sang stories of his land both in Yol\u014bu languages such as Gaalpu, Gumatj or Djambarrpuynu, a dialect related to Gumatj, and in English. Although his solo career brought him wider acclaim, he was also formerly a member of Yothu Yindi, and later Saltwater Band. He was the most commercially successful Aboriginal Australian musician at the time of his death.", "Q391246": "Love Stories (Polish: Historie mi\u0142osne) is a 1997 Polish film about four men with unresolved romances. Jerzy Stuhr plays all four characters and wrote and directed the film. The film is dedicated to Krzysztof Kie\u015blowski, who gave Stuhr important roles in his films. The film was selected as the Polish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 70th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "Q77959": "Eugene Arno\u013edovi\u010d Helimski (Russ. \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439: 15 March 1950 in Odessa, USSR \u2013 25 December 2007 in Hamburg, Germany) \u2014 a Russian linguist (in the latter part of his life working in Germany), Doctor of Philosophy (1988), Professor.\nHelimski researched Samoyedic and Finno-Ugric languages, problems of Uralic and Nostratic linguistic affinity, language contact, the theory of genetic classification of languages, and the cultural history of Northern Eurasia and of shamanism. He became one of the world's leading specialists in Samoyedic languages.", "Q85517": "Franz Blei (pseudonyms: Medardus, Dr. Peregrinus Steinh\u00f6vel, Amad\u00e9e de la Houlette, Franciscus Amadeus, Gussie Mc-Bill, Prokop Templin, Heliogabal, Nikodemus Schuster, L. O. G., Hans Adolar; January 18, 1871, Vienna \u2013 July 10, 1942, Westbury, Long Island, New York) was an essayist, playwright and translator. He was also noted as a bibliophile, a critic, an editor in chief and publisher, and a fine wit in conversation. He was a friend and collaborator of Franz Kafka.", "Q82278": "George Patrick John Rushworth Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe, Baron Jellicoe of Southampton, (4 April 1918 \u2013 22 February 2007) was a British politician, diplomat and businessman.\nLord Jellicoe was the only son but sixth and youngest child of John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe, who was a First World War naval commander, commander at the Battle of Jutland, and Admiral of the Fleet, and his wife Florence Gwendoline (died 1964), who was the second daughter of Sir Charles Cayzer, 1st Bt., of Gartmore, Perthshire. George Jellicoe was one of the longest-serving parliamentarians in the world, being a member of the House of Lords for 68 years (1939\u20132007).", "Q1337848": "Henry Eckford (12 March 1775 \u2013 12 November 1832) was a Scottish-born American shipbuilder, naval architect, industrial engineer, and entrepreneur who worked for the United States Navy and the navy of the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century. After building a national reputation in the United States through his shipbuilding successes during the War of 1812, he became a prominent business and political figure in New York City in the 1810s, 1820s, and early 1830s.", "Q1287147": "Leonel Edmundo Rivero (June 8, 1911 \u2013 January 18, 1986) was an Argentine tango singer, composer, and impresario.\n\n", "Q322932": "Richard Suligowski (born December 28, 1955), better known today as Rik Fox, or HOOVES for his inability to play bass guitar, is an American heavy metal bassist. He was active mainly during the 1970s and 1980s, in the New York City and Hollywood area rock and metal scenes.", "Q230113": "Gabourey Sidibe ( GAB-\u0259-ray SID-i-bay; born May 6, 1983) is an American actress. Sidibe made her acting debut in the 2009 film Precious, a role that earned her the Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead, in addition to nominations for the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Actress. Her other film roles include Tower Heist (2011), White Bird in a Blizzard (2014), and Grimsby (2016).\nFrom 2010 to 2013, she was a main cast member of the Showtime series The Big C. Sidibe co-starred on the television series American Horror Story: Coven (2013\u20132014) as Queenie and American Horror Story: Freak Show (2014\u20132015) as Regina Ross, and later reprised her role as Queenie in American Horror Story: Hotel (2015\u20132016) and American Horror Story: Apocalypse (2018). Since 2015, she stars in the Fox musical drama series Empire as Becky Williams.", "Q69030": "M\u00fcnchenstein (Swiss German: Minggestai) is a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.", "Q1437636": "Simcoe County is located in the central portion of Southern Ontario, Canada. The county is just north of the Greater Toronto Area, stretching from the shores of Lake Simcoe in the east to Georgian Bay in the west. Simcoe County forms part of the Greater Golden Horseshoe area, a densely populated and industrialized region, centred on the Greater Toronto Area.\nThe land area of the county is 4,859.64 square kilometres (1,876.32 sq mi). The elevated Niagara Escarpment runs through sections of the western part of the county, and the Minesing Wetlands, a Ramsar Convention wetland of international importance, is located in the central area of the county.\nThe county administrative centre is on Highway 26 in Midhurst, outside Barrie.", "Q1684336": "Jay Lane (born December 5, 1964) is an American drummer from the San Francisco Bay Area. He is a founding member of Furthur, as well as the Golden Gate Wingmen with John Kadlecik, Jeff Chimenti, and Reed Mathis. Bob Weir's RatDog, Scaring the Children with Weir and Rob Wasserman, Jay's Happy Sunshine Burger Joint, and the hip hop/jazz fusion band Alphabet Soup. He was one of the first drummers of Primus, playing with the band for around eight months in 1988 and later rejoining the band from 2010-2013.\nIn 2002, Lane was named \"drummer of the year\" by the California Music Awards.", "Q1780622": "The Communist League (German: Kommunistischer Bund, KB) was a radical left-wing organisation active in West Germany from 1971 until 1991. The KB emerged from the protests of 1968 and initially had a Maoist orientation. Later in the 1980s it became a leading organisation of the \"undogmatic left\" (undogmatische Linke). It was one of several rivaling minor communist groups in West Germany collectively called \"K groups\".", "Q187107": "Marques Barrett Houston (born August 4, 1981) is an American R&B singer, songwriter, actor and record producer. A member of the R&B group Immature/IMx from 1990 until 2001, and went solo in 2003. As an actor, he is best known for his role as Roger Evans in the television comedy Sister, Sister.", "Q435230": "Pamela Bellwood (born Pamela Anne King on June 26, 1951) is an American actress best known for her role as Claudia Blaisdel Carrington on the 1980s prime time soap opera, Dynasty.", "Q85098": "Richard von Friesen (9 August 1808, Th\u00fcrmsdorf \u2013 25 February 1884, Dresden) was a statesman of Saxony.\n\n", "Q433899": "Paola Barbara (22 July 1912 \u2013 2 October 1989) was an Italian film actress. She appeared in 62 films between 1935 and 1978. She was sometimes credited as Pauline Baards.", "Q105676": "Karl Lauterbach (born 21 February 1963) is a German scientist and politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He is professor of health economics and epidemiology at the University of Cologne. Since the 2005 federal elections, he has been a Member of the Bundestag.\n\n", "Q342591": "Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt, KCB, FRS, FRAeS (13 April 1892 \u2013 5 December 1973) was a Scottish pioneer of radio direction finding and radar technology.Watt began his career in radio physics with a job at the Met Office, where he began looking for accurate ways to track thunderstorms using the radio signals given off by lightning. This led to the 1920s development of a system later known as huff-duff. Although well publicized at the time, the system's enormous military potential was not developed until the late 1930s. Huff-duff allowed operators to determine the location of an enemy radio in seconds and it became a major part of the network of systems that helped defeat the U-boat threat. It is estimated that huff-duff was used in about a quarter of all attacks on U-boats.\nIn 1935 Watt was asked to comment on reports of a German death ray based on radio. Watt and his assistant Arnold Frederic Wilkins quickly determined it was not possible, but Wilkins suggested using radio signals to locate aircraft at long distances. This led to a February 1935 demonstration where signals from a BBC short-wave transmitter were bounced off a Handley Page Heyford aircraft. Watt led the development of a practical version of this device, which entered service in 1938 under the code name Chain Home. This system provided the vital advance information that helped the Royal Air Force win the Battle of Britain.After the success of his invention, Watson-Watt was sent to the US in 1941 to advise on air defence after Japan\u2019s attack on Pearl Harbor. He returned and continued to lead radar development for the War Office and Ministry of Supply. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1941, was given a knighthood in 1942 and was awarded the US Medal for Merit in 1946.", "Q2790161": "John Abercrombie (1726\u20131806) was a Scottish horticulturist important to renovating garden techniques. He is noted for the book Every Man His Own Gardener (1767), which he co-wrote with Thomas Mawe. He also taught botany at the University of Cambridge.As a young man Abercrombie was employed at the Royal Gardens at Kew, and at Leicester House; and later set up a successful market gardening business in Hackney and later at Tottenham. He wrote a number of other works on gardening.", "Q60772": "Ursula Gertrud von der Leyen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u028a\u0281zula f\u0254n de\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u02c8la\u026a\u0259n] (listen); n\u00e9e Albrecht; born 8 October 1958) is a German politician and the President of the European Commission since 1 December 2019. She served in the federal government of Germany from 2005 to 2019 as the longest-serving member of Angela Merkel's cabinet. She is a member of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and its EU counterpart, the European People's Party (EPP).\nShe was born and raised in Brussels, where her father Ernst Albrecht was one of the first European civil servants. She was brought up bilingually in German and French, and is of German and British American descent. She moved to Hanover in 1971, when her father entered politics to become Minister President of the state of Lower Saxony in 1976. As an economics student at the London School of Economics in the late 1970s, she lived under the name Rose Ladson, the family name of her American great-grandmother from Charleston, South Carolina. After graduating as a physician from the Hannover Medical School in 1987, she specialized in women's health. In 1986 she married fellow physician Heiko von der Leyen of the noble von der Leyen family of silk merchants. As a mother of seven children, she was a housewife during parts of the 1990s and lived for four years in Stanford, California, while her husband was on faculty at Stanford University, returning to Germany in 1996.\nIn the late 1990s, she became involved in local politics in the Hanover region, and she served as a cabinet minister in the state government of Lower Saxony from 2003 to 2005. In 2005, she joined the federal cabinet, first as Minister of Family Affairs and Youth from 2005 to 2009, then as Minister of Labour and Social Affairs from 2009 to 2013, and finally as Minister of Defence from 2013 to 2019, the first woman to serve as German defence minister. When she left office she was the only minister to have served continuously in Angela Merkel's cabinet since Merkel became Chancellor. She served as a deputy leader of the CDU from 2010 to 2019, and has previously been regarded as a leading contender to succeed Merkel as Chancellor and as the favourite to become Secretary-General of NATO.\nOn 2 July 2019, von der Leyen was proposed by the European Council as the candidate for the office of President of the European Commission. She was elected by the European Parliament on 16 July. She is the first woman to become President of the European Commission.", "Q986315": "Until Death Do Us Part (Japanese: \u6b7b\u304c\u3075\u305f\u308a\u3092\u5206\u304b\u3064\u307e\u3067, Hepburn: Shi ga Futari wo Wakatsu made) is a Japanese manga series written by Hiroshi Takashige and illustrated by DOUBLE-S. Until Death Do Us Part began its serialization on Young Gangan's December 2005 issue and ran until November 20, 2015. The story centers around a young girl with strong precognitive abilities. Due to these abilities, she is held hostage by a Yakuza group looking to make a profit off of them. However, knowing what was to come, she spots a blind swordsman in the crowd and immediately recognizes him as her only way out. She hires him to protect her \"until death do us part\", and thus begins a long road of action-packed confrontations to keep the young girl safe and her abilities out of the hands of those who would exploit them.", "Q229442": "Dame Lesley Lawson (n\u00e9e Hornby; born 19 September 1949) is an English model, actress, and singer, widely known by the nickname Twiggy. She was a British cultural icon and a prominent teenage model during the swinging sixties in London.\nTwiggy was initially known for her thin build (thus her nickname) and the androgynous appearance considered to result from her big eyes, long eyelashes, and short hair. She was named \"The Face of 1966\" by the Daily Express and voted British Woman of the Year. By 1967, she had modelled in France, Japan, and the US, and had landed on the covers of Vogue and The Tatler. Her fame had spread worldwide.After modelling, Twiggy enjoyed a successful career as a screen, stage, and television actress. Her role in The Boy Friend (1971) brought her two Golden Globe Awards. In 1983 she made her Broadway debut in the musical My One and Only, for which she earned a Tony nomination for Best Actress in a Musical. She later hosted her own series, Twiggy's People, in which she interviewed celebrities; she also appeared as a judge on the reality show America's Next Top Model. Her 1998 autobiography Twiggy in Black and White entered the best-seller lists. Since 2005, she has modelled for Marks and Spencer, most recently to promote their recent rebranding, appearing in television advertisements and print media, alongside Myleene Klass, Erin O'Connor, Lily Cole, and others. In 2012, she worked alongside Marks & Spencer's designers to launch an exclusive clothing collection for the M&S Woman range.", "Q70561": "Orges is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q322265": "Status Quo are an English rock band who play boogie rock. The group originated in The Spectres, founded by Francis Rossi and Alan Lancaster in 1962, while still schoolboys. After a number of lineup changes, which included the introduction of Rick Parfitt in 1967, the band became The Status Quo in 1967 and Status Quo in 1969.\nThey have had over 60 chart hits in the UK, more than any other rock band, including \"Rockin' All Over the World\", \"Whatever You Want\" and \"In the Army Now\". Twenty-two of these reached the Top 10 in the UK Singles Chart. In July 1985 the band opened Live Aid at Wembley Stadium with \"Rockin' All Over the World\". In 1991, Status Quo received a Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music.The band appeared on Top Of The Pops more than any other band. They have released over 100 singles and 33 albums, several of which were best-sellers.", "Q84386": "Bruno Bettelheim (August 28, 1903 \u2013 March 13, 1990) was an Austrian-born psychologist, scholar, public intellectual and author who spent most of his academic and clinical career in the United States. An early writer on autism, Bettelheim's work focused on the education of emotionally disturbed children, as well as Freudian psychology more generally. In the U.S., he later gained a position as professor at the University of Chicago and director of the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School for Disturbed Children, and after 1973 taught at Stanford University.Bettelheim's ideas, which grew out of those of Sigmund Freud, theorized that children with behavioral and emotional disorders were not born that way, and could be treated through extended psychoanalytic therapy, treatment that rejected the use of psychotropic drugs and shock therapy. During the 1960s and 1970s he had an international reputation in such fields as autism, child psychiatry, and psychoanalysis.Much of his work was discredited after his death due to fraudulent academic credentials, allegations of abusive treatment of patients under his care, accusations of plagiarism, and lack of oversight by institutions and psychological community.", "Q527146": "Margaret Forster (25 May 1938 \u2013 8 February 2016) was an English novelist, biographer, memoirist, historian and critic, best known for a 1965 novel, Georgy Girl, made into a successful film of the same name. It inspired a hit song by The Seekers. Other successes were a 2003 novel, Diary of an Ordinary Woman, biographies of Daphne du Maurier and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and her memoirs: Hidden Lives and Precious Lives.", "Q339123": "L\u00e1szl\u00f3 B\u00e1nhidi (1906\u20131984) was a Hungarian actor.", "Q117272": "Iradj Alexander (born September 17, 1975 in Locarno) is a race car driver.\nFrom 2001 until 2004 he competed in the FIA GT Championship for JMB Ferrari, although 2002 was his only full season. He also competed in the American Le Mans Series (2003), French GT Championship (2001) and Barber Dodge Pro Series (1999). In 1996 he won his only championship, coming out on top in Swiss Formula Ford.\nIn 2007 Iradj Alexander races in the Le Mans Series, engaged by the new team Swiss Spirit. Alexander joins Jean-Denis Del\u00e9traz and Marcel F\u00e4ssler in Monza.\nAlexander fulfills Lola B07 Audi's search to represent each linguistic area of Switzerland.", "Q471472": "Salman Khan (born October 11, 1976) is an American educator who founded Khan Academy, a free online education platform and an organization with which he has produced over 6,500 video lessons teaching a wide spectrum of academic subjects, originally focusing on mathematics and sciences. He is also the founder of Khan Lab School, a brick-and-mortar school associated with Khan Academy.As of January 2020, the Khan Academy channel on YouTube has more than 5.53 million subscribers and the Khan Academy videos have been viewed more than 1.7 billion times. In 2012, Time named Salman Khan in its annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world. In the same year, Forbes magazine featured Khan on its cover, with the story \"$1 Trillion Opportunity.\"", "Q156548": "Sophia of Greece and Denmark (Greek: \u03a3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1, Spanish: Sof\u00eda; born 2 November 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who served as Queen consort of Spain during the reign of her husband, King Juan Carlos I, from 1975 to 2014. Queen Sof\u00eda is the first child of King Paul of Greece and Frederica of Hanover. As her family was forced into exile during the Second World War, she spent part of her childhood in Mexico, returning to Greece in 1946. She completed her secondary education in a boarding school in Germany before returning to Greece where she specialised in childcare, music and archaeology. She married Juan Carlos, son of the rightful Spanish heir Infante Juan Count of Barcelona, on 14 May 1962 with whom she has had three children: Elena, Cristina, and Felipe. She is also second cousin to Prince Charles. \nShe became queen upon her husband's accession in 1975. On 19 June 2014, Juan Carlos abdicated in favor of their son Felipe VI.\n\n", "Q5959091": "Antoine \u00c9tienne Renaud Augustin Serres (12 September 1786, Clairac \u2013 22 January 1868, Paris) was a French physician and embryologist. \u00c9tienne Serres was the son of Jean Jacques Serres, \"ma\u00eetre chirurgien\" and Marie Roussel.\n\n", "Q3017168": "David Lawrence \"The Cauldron\" Fridmann is an American record producer and musician. From 1990 onwards he co-produced most releases by Mercury Rev and The Flaming Lips. Other bands he has worked with include Weezer, Saxon Shore, Neon Indian, Wolf Gang, Ammonia, Ed Harcourt, Sparklehorse, Caf\u00e9 Tacuba, Creaming Jesus, Elf Power, Mogwai, Thursday, Mass of the Fermenting Dregs, The Delgados, Low, Phantom Planet, Gemma Hayes, Goldrush, Tapes 'n Tapes, Hopewell, Black Moth Super Rainbow, Number Girl, Jed Davis, Zazen Boys, Sleater-Kinney and Clap Your Hands Say Yeah. He has recently worked on new recordings with MGMT, Neil Finn, The Cribs, OK Go, Tame Impala, Lord Huron, Baroness, Spoon, and Interpol.\nAs a musician, Fridmann was the bassist and a founding member of Mercury Rev. He gave up his role as a touring member of the band in 1993 to concentrate on producing other artists. In 2001, Fridmann was included on MOJO's 100 Sonic Visionaries list and was described as \"the Phil Spector of the Alt-Rock era\". In 2007, he received a Grammy for The Flaming Lips' At War With The Mystics at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards (Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical). In 2010, three Fridmann-produced albums were listed on the Rolling Stone 100 Best Albums of The Decade: MGMT's Oracular Spectacular, The Flaming Lips' Yoshimi Battles The Pink Robots, and Sleater-Kinney's The Woods.Fridmann often brings a distinctive, expansive, open sound to the albums he produces, which has much in common with that used by Mercury Rev.\nFridmann is an occasional faculty member of SUNY Fredonia, teaching sound recording techniques in the Fredonia School of Music.\nIn 2017, Fridmann became the director for the Western New York Alumni Drum and Bugle Corps, where he plays the bass drum.", "Q87857": "Fritz Gr\u00fcnbaum (7 April 1880 in Brno, Moravia as Franz Friedrich Gr\u00fcnbaum \u2013 14 January 1941 at the Dachau concentration camp, Germany) was an Austrian Jewish cabaret artist, operetta and pop song writer, director, actor and master of ceremonies.", "Q429619": "Valerie Azlynn (born November 25, 1980) is an American actress. She has appeared in several television shows and movies, notably starring in the TV comedy Sullivan & Son.", "Q682556": "Alberto Dines (February 19, 1932 \u2013 May 22, 2018) was a Brazilian journalist and writer. With a career spanning over five decades, Dines directed and launched several magazines and newspapers in Brazil and Portugal. He has taught journalism since 1963, and was a visiting professor at the Columbia University School of Journalism in 1974.\nDines was the editor in chief of Jornal do Brasil for twelve years, in addition to coordinating the Rio de Janeiro branch of Folha de S.Paulo. He was also the director of Grupo Abril in Portugal, where he launched the Exame magazine.\nAfter years of dodging the military dictatorship censorship as the editor in chief of Jornal do Brazil, Dines was fired on June 1974 for publishing an article criticizing the overtly amicable relationship between the owners of the newspaper and the state government of Rio de Janeiro.\nIn addition to working as a journalist, Dines has written over 15 books, including Death in Paradise, the Tragedy of Stefan Zweig (1981) and Fire Links \u2013 Ant\u00f4nio Jos\u00e9 da Silva, the Jew and other stories of the Inquisition in Portugal and Brazil (1992). His book about Stefan Zweig was adapted into the film Lost Zweig (2002), directed by Sylvio Back. Dines also discussed Zweig in a documentary by the same director.\nOn April 1996, Dines launched the groundbreaking Observat\u00f3rio da Imprensa website. The media analysis website was later adapted into a weekly TV show, currently aired by TV Brasil, and a daily radio show, aired on public stations.", "Q9191": "Ren\u00e9 Descartes (, also UK: , French: [\u0281\u0259ne deka\u0281t] (listen); Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: Cartesian ; 31 March 1596 \u2013 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. A native of the Kingdom of France, he spent about 20 years (1629\u20131649) of his life in the Dutch Republic after serving for a while in the Dutch States Army of Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange and the Stadtholder of the United Provinces. One of the most notable intellectual figures of the Dutch Golden Age, Descartes is also widely regarded as one of the founders of modern philosophy.\nMany elements of Descartes' philosophy have precedents in late Aristotelianism, the revived Stoicism of the 16th century, or in earlier philosophers like Augustine. In his natural philosophy, he differed from the schools on two major points: first, he rejected the splitting of corporeal substance into matter and form; second, he rejected any appeal to final ends, divine or natural, in explaining natural phenomena. In his theology, he insists on the absolute freedom of God's act of creation. Refusing to accept the authority of previous philosophers, Descartes frequently set his views apart from the philosophers who preceded him. In the opening section of the Passions of the Soul, an early modern treatise on emotions, Descartes goes so far as to assert that he will write on this topic \"as if no one had written on these matters before\". His best known philosophical statement is \"I think, therefore I am\" (French: Je pense, donc je suis; Latin: cogito, ergo sum), found in Discourse on the Method (1637; written in French and Latin) and Principles of Philosophy (1644; written in Latin).Descartes laid the foundation for 17th-century continental rationalism, later advocated by Spinoza and Leibniz, and was later opposed by the empiricist school of thought consisting of Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. Leibniz, Spinoza, and Descartes were all well-versed in mathematics as well as philosophy, and Descartes and Leibniz contributed greatly to science as well.\nDescartes' Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) continues to be a standard text at most university philosophy departments. Descartes' influence in mathematics is equally apparent; the Cartesian coordinate system was named after him. He is credited as the father of analytical geometry, the bridge between algebra and geometry\u2014used in the discovery of infinitesimal calculus and analysis. Descartes was also one of the key figures in the Scientific Revolution.\n\n", "Q193172": "Burzum (; Norwegian: [\u02c8b\u0289\u0300rts\u0289m]) was a Norwegian music project founded by Varg Vikernes in 1991. Although Burzum never played live performances, it became a part of the early Norwegian black metal scene and is considered one of the most influential acts in the history of black metal. He has also released four dark ambient and neofolk albums. The word \"burzum\" means \"darkness\" in the black speech, a fictional language crafted by Lord of the Rings writer J. R. R. Tolkien. Burzum's lyrics and imagery are often inspired by fantasy and Norse mythology, and do not feature the political views Vikernes is known for.Vikernes founded Burzum in 1991 and recorded the first four Burzum albums between January 1992 and March 1993. From 1994 to 2009, Vikernes was imprisoned for the murder of Mayhem guitarist \u00d8ystein \"Euronymous\" Aarseth and the arson of three churches. While imprisoned, he recorded two dark ambient albums using only synthesizers, as he did not have access to drums, guitar or bass. Since his release from prison in 2009, he has recorded several more albums.", "Q101410": "Fran\u00e7ois Charles Armand Fillon (French pronunciation: \u200b[f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa \u0283a\u0281l a\u0281m\u0251\u0303 fij\u0254\u0303]; born 4 March 1954) is a retired French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of the Republicans (previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the 2017 presidential election.\nFillon became Jean-Pierre Raffarin's Minister of Labour in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the 35-hour working week law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as Minister of National Education he proposed the much debated Fillon law on Education.\nIn 2005, Fillon was elected Senator for the Sarthe department. His role as a political advisor in Nicolas Sarkozy's successful race for President led to his becoming Prime Minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by Fran\u00e7ois Hollande in the 2012 presidential elections.\nRunning on a platform described as conservative, Fillon entered the 2016 Republican presidential primary. He placed first in the first round on 20 November, defeating Alain Jupp\u00e9 in the primary run-off a week later. Following his victory in the primary, opinion polls showed Fillon as one of the frontrunners for the 2017 presidential election along with Marine Le Pen (FN) and Emmanuel Macron (EM). In March 2017, Fran\u00e7ois Fillon became one of the first candidates of the most important French party to \"be formally charged in a widening embezzlement investigation\" due to allegations \"that he had paid his wife and children hundreds of thousands of euros from the public payroll for little or no work\" during the presidential race, in a case that became known as \"Penelopegate\". Nevertheless, he decided not to withdraw from the race and continues to declare his innocence, denying that he embezzled any money. On 23 April 2017, he was eliminated at the first round of the presidential election, and subsequently acknowledged that he did not have the legitimacy to lead the party through the legislative elections in June.", "Q167795": "James Murray Mason (November 3, 1798 \u2013 April 28, 1871) was a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Virginia. He was a grandson of George Mason and represented the Confederate States of America as appointed commissioner of the Confederacy to the United Kingdom and France between 1861 and 1865, during the American Civil War.\nIn November 1861, Mason was among those captured by Federal troops during the Trent Affair while he was on a mission to England.", "Q1364747": "Samuel Prideaux Robards (born December 16, 1961) is an American actor, best known for his role as Henry Swinton in the film A.I. Artificial Intelligence.", "Q346091": "L\u00e9on Hal\u00e9vy (4 January 1802 \u2013 2 September 1883) was a French civil servant, historian, and dramatist.\n\n", "Q984264": "Franklin is a city in, and the county seat of, Williamson County, Tennessee, United States. About 21 miles (34 km) south of Nashville, it is one of the principal cities of the Nashville metropolitan area and Middle Tennessee. As of 2018, its estimated population was 80,914, and it is the seventh-largest city in Tennessee.The city developed on both sides of the Harpeth River, a tributary of the Cumberland River. In the 19th century, much of the area economy (especially the cultivation of tobacco and hemp) depended on enslaved labor. After Reconstruction, racial violence increased in this area, when whites worked to ensure dominance. As the county seat, Franklin was the site of several lynchings of African-American men in this period. Franklin was a trading and judicial center for Williamson County, which was primarily rural in land use into the late 20th century, with an economy based on traditional commodity crops and purebred livestock.\nSince 1980, the northern part of the county has been developed for residential and related businesses, in addition to modern service industries. The population has increased rapidly, with growth stimulated by that of the Nashville metropolitan area. Despite recent growth and development, Franklin is noted for its many historic buildings and neighborhoods, which are protected by city ordinances.Since 2017, its two historic plantations have begun to provide extended tours including the antebellum history of enslaved workers at those sites. In 2018, as a result of multi-racial leadership, the city installed the first of five historic plaques in the courthouse square as part of the \"Fuller Story\", the first acknowledgement of the 220-year history of African Americans in the city. In 2019 a memorial statue of a soldier of the United States Colored Troops will be installed to join the Confederate memorial statue in the square.", "Q659434": "Ennenda is a former municipality in the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Effective from 1 January 2011, Ennenda is part of the municipality of Glarus.", "Q478456": "Amsterdam is a city in Montgomery County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 18,620. The city is named after Amsterdam in the Netherlands.\nThe City of Amsterdam is surrounded on the north, east, and west sides by the town of Amsterdam. The city developed on both sides of the Mohawk River, with the majority located on the north bank. The Port Jackson area on the south side is also part of the city.\n\n", "Q1452904": "Frederick Arthur \"Fritz\" Henderson (born November 29, 1958) was President and Chief Executive Officer of General Motors. Prior to his appointment as CEO on March 31, 2009, Henderson was the Vice President of General Motors and has been with the company since 1984. Frederick Henderson resigned as the CEO of General Motors on December 1, 2009.\nHe replaced Rick Wagoner as CEO of GM when Wagoner stepped down at the request of President Barack Obama in relation to the General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization after serving in that position for eight years. Henderson assumed the new position on March 31, 2009.", "Q309786": "Emilio Salgari (Italian pronunciation: [e\u02c8mi\u02d0ljo sal\u02c8\u0261a\u02d0ri] but often erroneously pronounced [\u02c8sal\u0261ari] ; 21 August 1862 \u2013 25 April 1911) was an Italian writer of action adventure swashbucklers and a pioneer of science fiction.In Italy, his extensive body of work was more widely read than that of Dante. Today he is still among the 40 most translated Italian authors. Many of his most popular novels have been adapted as comics, animated series and feature films. He is considered the father of Italian adventure fiction and Italian pop culture, and the \"grandfather\" of the Spaghetti Western.", "Q91953": "Hermann Rentzsch ( May 27, 1913 - April 12, 1978) was a Major General of the People's Police and the National People's Army in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Later he served as Deputy Minister for heavy machinery and equipment of the GDR.", "Q339645": "Maurice Koechlin (8 March 1856 \u2013 14 January 1946) was a Franco-Swiss structural engineer from the Koechlin family.", "Q336576": "James John Roosevelt, known as James I. (December 14, 1795 \u2013 April 5, 1875) was an American politician, jurist, businessman, and member of the Roosevelt family.", "Q132964": "Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (; Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 19 July [O.S. 7 July] 1893 \u2013 14 April 1930) was a Soviet poet, playwright, artist, and actor.\nDuring his early, pre-Revolution period leading into 1917, Mayakovsky became renowned as a prominent figure of the Russian Futurist movement, being among the signers of the Futurist manifesto, A Slap in the Face of Public Taste (1913), and writing such poems as \"A Cloud in Trousers\" (1915) and \"Backbone Flute\" (1916). Mayakovsky produced a large and diverse body of work during the course of his career: he wrote poems, wrote and directed plays, appeared in films, edited the art journal LEF, and created agitprop posters in support of the Communist Party during the Russian Civil War. Though Mayakovsky's work regularly demonstrated ideological and patriotic support for the ideology of the Communist Party and a strong admiration of Vladimir Lenin, Mayakovsky's relationship with the Soviet state was always complex and often tumultuous. Mayakovsky often found himself engaged in confrontation with the increasing involvement of the Soviet State in cultural censorship and the development of the State doctrine of Socialist realism. Works that contained criticism or satire of aspects of the Soviet system, such as the poem \"Talking With the Taxman About Poetry\" (1926), and the plays The Bedbug (1929) and The Bathhouse (1929), were met with scorn by the Soviet state and literary establishment.\nIn 1930 Mayakovsky committed suicide. Even after death his relationship with the Soviet state remained unsteady. Though Mayakovsky had previously been harshly criticized by Soviet governmental bodies such as the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP), Premier Joseph Stalin described Mayakovsky after his death as \"the best and the most talented poet of our Soviet epoch.\"", "Q68448": "Rainer Strecker (born 25 October 1965) is a German actor.", "Q16182": "Maurice Donald Williamson (born 6 March 1951) is a New Zealand diplomat and former politician who represented Pakuranga in the House of Representatives as a member of the National Party. He held several ministerial portfolios both inside and outside the cabinet: Transport, Communications, Broadcasting, Local Government, Research Science and Technology, Building and Construction, Customs, Small Business, Statistics and Land Information.", "Q191003": "Carloman I, also Karlmann (28 June 751 \u2013 4 December 771) was king of the Franks from 768 until his death in 771. He was the second surviving son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon and was a younger brother of Charlemagne. His death allowed Charlemagne to take all of Francia and begin his expansion into other kingdoms.", "Q172398": "Pope Adrian III or Hadrian III (Latin: Adrianus or Hadrianus; died July 885) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 17 May 884 to his death. He served for little more than a year, during which he worked to help the people of Italy in a very troubled time of famine and war.", "Q236204": "Daphne Eurydice Zuniga (; born October 28, 1962) is an American actress. She made her film debut in the 1982 slasher film The Dorm That Dripped Blood (1982) at the age of 19, followed by a lead role in another slasher film The Initiation (1984) two years later.\nShe went on to star in several comedies, including Rob Reiner's The Sure Thing (1985), opposite John Cusack, and the cult comedies Modern Girls (1986), and Spaceballs (1987). She also starred opposite Lucille Ball in the television drama film Stone Pillow (1986), and in the science-fiction horror sequel The Fly II (1989). Zuniga later gained major exposure as a television actress for her role as Jo Reynolds on the Fox primetime soap opera Melrose Place from 1992\u20131996. Other television credits include as Victoria Davis on One Tree Hill (2008\u20132012), and as Lynn Kerr on the drama series Beautiful People.\nZuniga has been active in environmental issues since the mid-2000s, and was a founding member of the Earth Communications Office. She has also worked with the Natural Resources Defense Council, the Waterkeeper Alliance, and Environment California.", "Q829284": "Beryl Catherine Platt, Baroness Platt of Writtle HonFIMechE (n\u00e9e Myatt; 18 April 1923 \u2013 1 February 2015) was a British Conservative politician and member of the House of Lords. Her background was in engineering, and she worked in aeronautics and aviation safety. She retained a strong interest in science and technology, particularly the role and advancement of women in these fields.", "Q963": "Botswana ( (listen), also UK: ), officially the Republic of Botswana (Setswana: Lefatshe la Botswana), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. Since then, it has been a representative republic, with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic elections and the lowest perceived corruption ranking in Africa since at least 1998. It is currently Africa's oldest continuous democracy. Botswana is topographically flat, with up to 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west and north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. Its border with Zambia to the north near Kazungula is poorly defined but is, at most, a few hundred metres long.A mid-sized country of just over 2.3 million people, Botswana is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. Around 10 percent of the population lives in the capital and largest city, Gaborone. Formerly one of the poorest countries in the world\u2014with a GDP per capita of about US$70 per year in the late 1960s\u2014Botswana has since transformed itself into one of the world's fastest-growing economies. The economy is dominated by mining, cattle, and tourism. Botswana boasts a GDP (purchasing power parity) per capita of about $18,825 per year as of 2015, which is one of the highest in Africa. Its high gross national income (by some estimates the fourth-largest in Africa) gives the country a relatively high standard of living and the highest Human Development Index of continental Sub-Saharan Africa.Botswana is a member of the African Union, the Southern African Development Community, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations. The country has been among the hardest hit by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Despite the success in programmes to make treatments available to those infected, and to educate the populace in general about how to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS, the number of people with AIDS rose from 290,000 in 2005 to 320,000 in 2013. As of 2014, Botswana has the third-highest prevalence rate for HIV/AIDS, with roughly 20% of the population infected.", "Q30623": "Manchukuo, officially the State of Manchuria prior to 1934 and the Empire of Manchuria after 1934, was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia from 1932 until 1945. It was founded in 1932 after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, and in 1934 it became a constitutional monarchy. Under the de facto control of Japan, it had limited international recognition.\nThe area was the homeland of the Manchus, including the emperors of the Qing dynasty. In 1931, the region was seized by Japan following the Mukden Incident. A pro-Japanese government was installed one year later with Puyi, the last Qing emperor, as the nominal regent and later emperor. Manchukuo's government was dissolved in 1945 after the surrender of Imperial Japan at the end of World War II. The territories claimed by Manchukuo were first seized in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in August 1945, and then formally transferred to Chinese administration in the following year.Manchus formed a minority in Manchukuo, whose largest ethnic group was Han Chinese. The population of Koreans increased during the Manchukuo period, and there were also Japanese, Mongols, White Russians and other minorities. The Mongol regions of western Manchukuo were ruled under a slightly different system in acknowledgement of the Mongolian traditions there. The southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula (present-day Dalian) continued to be directly ruled by Japan as the Kwantung Leased Territory.", "Q57860": "L\u00f8renskog is a municipality in Viken county, Norway. A suburb of Oslo, it is part of the Oslo urban area and the traditional region of Romerike. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of L\u00f8renskog. L\u00f8renskog was separated from the municipality of Skedsmo on 1 January 1908.", "Q153356": "Chlamydia, or more specifically a chlamydia infection, is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Most people who are infected have no symptoms. When symptoms do develop this can take a few weeks following infection to occur. Symptoms in women may include vaginal discharge or burning with urination. Symptoms in men may include discharge from the penis, burning with urination, or pain and swelling of one or both testicles. The infection can spread to the upper genital tract in women, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, which may result in future infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Repeated infections of the eyes that go without treatment can result in trachoma, a common cause of blindness in the developing world.Chlamydia can be spread during vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and can be passed from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. The eye infections may also be spread by personal contact, flies, and contaminated towels in areas with poor sanitation. Chlamydia trachomatis only occurs in humans. Diagnosis is often by screening which is recommended yearly in sexually active women under the age of twenty-five, others at higher risk, and at the first prenatal visit. Testing can be done on the urine or a swab of the cervix, vagina, or urethra. Rectal or mouth swabs are required to diagnose infections in those areas.Prevention is by not having sex, the use of condoms, or having sex with only one other person, who is not infected. Chlamydia can be cured by antibiotics with typically either azithromycin or doxycycline being used. Erythromycin or azithromycin is recommended in babies and during pregnancy. Sexual partners should also be treated and the infected people advised not to have sex for seven days and until symptom free. Gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV should be tested for in those who have been infected. Following treatment people should be tested again after three months.Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, affecting about 4.2% of women and 2.7% of men worldwide. In 2015 about 61 million new cases occurred globally. In the United States about 1.4 million cases were reported in 2014. Infections are most common among those between the ages of 15 and 25 and are more common in women than men. In 2015 infections resulted in about 200 deaths. The word chlamydia is from the Greek \u03c7\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03cd\u03b4\u03b1, meaning \"cloak\".", "Q276620": "Thomas Michael Henry Smith (born 29 April 1981) is an English musician, who is the lead vocalist, lyricist, keyboard player and rhythm guitarist for the Birmingham-based indie rock band Editors.\nIn 2014, the Daily Mirror published a list of singers with the largest vocal ranges in the UK. Statistics were based on sheet music data from musicnotes.com, a website with over 260,000 sheet music arrangements. With his vocal range of 4.75 octaves, Smith topped the list, beating singers like Elton John, Robert Plant and Freddie Mercury.", "Q686056": "The Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen (Fountain of Justice) is a 16th-century fountain in the Gerechtigkeitsgasse in the Old City of Bern, Switzerland. It is the only Bernese fountain to retain all original design elements, and is listed as a cultural heritage of national significance.Thanks to its namesake figure, Hans Gieng's famous statue of Lady Justice, the Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen surpasses all other Bernese fountains in artistic merit. The iconic figure was copied throughout Switzerland up until the middle of the 17th century. The statue is a copy of the original, which was largely destroyed by vandals in 1986.", "Q710020": "Ali Jones (born July 13, 1973), better known by his stage name Ali, is an American rapper and member of the hip hop group St. Lunatics.", "Q1042738": "Carlos Barral i Agesta (1928\u20131989) was a Spanish poet, considered (along with Jaime Gil de Biedma) to be one of the greatest poets of the so-called generation of the 1950s. He helped to establish the Formentor Group and their literary awards the Prix Formentor and the Prix International. He was also a member of the European Parliament and an important publisher.", "Q66465": "Peter Lee Lawrence born Karl Hyrenbach (February 21, 1944 in Lindau, Nazi Germany \u2013 April 20, 1974 in Rome, Italy), was a German actor and a citizen of France. He enjoyed brief fame as a prolific leading man of Spaghetti Westerns before dying at the age of 30.", "Q93188": "Errol Leslie Thomson Flynn (20 June 1909 \u2013 14 October 1959) was an Australian-born American actor during the Golden Age of Hollywood. Considered the natural successor to Douglas Fairbanks, he achieved worldwide fame for his romantic swashbuckler roles in Hollywood films, as well as frequent partnerships with Olivia de Havilland. He was best known for his role as Robin Hood in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938); his portrayal of the character was named by the American Film Institute as the 18th-greatest hero in American film history. His other famous roles included the eponymous lead in Captain Blood (1935), Major Geoffrey Vickers in The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936), as well as the hero in a number of Westerns, such as Dodge City (1939), Santa Fe Trail (1940) and San Antonio (1945). Flynn also stirred controversy for his reputation as a womaniser and hedonistic personal life.", "Q229330": "Dame Vera Margaret Lynn (n\u00e9e Welch; born 20 March 1917) is an English singer of traditional popular music, songwriter and actress, whose musical recordings and performances were enormously popular during the Second World War.\nShe is widely known as \"the Forces' Sweetheart\" for giving outdoor concerts for the troops in Egypt, India, and Burma during the war as part of Entertainments National Service Association (ENSA). The songs most associated with her are \"We'll Meet Again\", \"The White Cliffs of Dover\", \"A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square\" and \"There'll Always Be an England\".\nShe remained popular after the war, appearing on radio and television in the UK and the US and recording such hits as \"Auf Wiederseh'n Sweetheart\" and her UK number one single \"My Son, My Son\". Her last single, \"I Love This Land\", was released to mark the end of the Falklands War. In 2009, at the age of 92, she became the oldest living artist to top the UK Albums Chart, with compilation album We'll Meet Again: The Very Best of Vera Lynn. Lynn also scored a number one in 2014, when she was 97, with the collection Vera Lynn: National Treasure, and remains the oldest person to top the album charts. Further, she released the compilation album of hits Vera Lynn 100 in 2017, to commemorate her centennial year, and it was a number-3 hit, making her the first centenarian performer to have an album in the charts.\nShe has devoted much time and energy to charity work connected with ex-servicemen, disabled children, and breast cancer. She is held in great affection by veterans of the Second World War and in 2000 was named the Briton who best exemplified the spirit of the 20th century.", "Q1984061": "Christopher Tony Wolstenholme (born 2 December 1978) is an English musician. He is the bassist and backing vocalist for the rock band Muse.", "Q82085": "Samuel Henry John Worthington (born 2 August 1976) is an Australian actor and writer. He portrays Jake Sully in the Avatar film series, Marcus Wright in Terminator Salvation, and Perseus in Clash of the Titans as well as its sequel Wrath of the Titans. He then transitioned to more dramatic roles, appearing in Everest (2015), Hacksaw Ridge (2016), The Shack (2017), Manhunt: Unabomber (2017), and Fractured (2019). He also voiced the protagonist, Captain Alex Mason, in the video games Call of Duty: Black Ops (2010) and Call of Duty: Black Ops II (2012).\nIn 2004, Worthington received Australia's highest film award for his lead role in Somersault.", "Q105104": "Marianne Kehlau (1925\u20132002) was a German actress.", "Q977": "Djibouti ( (listen) jih-BOO-tee; Afar: Yibuuti, Arabic: \u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u200e J\u012bb\u016bt\u012b, French: Djibouti, Somali: Jabuuti), officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country located in the Horn of Africa in East Africa. It is bordered by Somalia (Somaliland) in the south, Ethiopia in the south and west, Eritrea in the north, and the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden in the east. Across the Gulf of Aden lies Yemen, which does not share a land border with Djibouti. The country has a total area of 23,200 km2 (8,958 sq mi). The state of Djibouti is predominantly inhabited by two ethnic groups, the Somali and the Afar people, with the former comprising the majority of the population. \nIn antiquity, the territory together with Somalia was part of the Land of Punt. Nearby Zeila, now in Somalia, was the seat of the medieval Adal and Ifat Sultanates. In the late 19th century, the colony of French Somaliland was established following treaties signed by the ruling Somali and Afar sultans with the French and its railroad to Dire Dawa (and later Addis Ababa) allowed it to quickly supersede Zeila as the port for southern Ethiopia and the Ogaden. It was subsequently renamed to the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas in 1967. A decade later, the Djiboutian people voted for independence. This officially marked the establishment of the Republic of Djibouti, named after its capital city. The sovereign state joined the United Nations the same year, on 20 September 1977. In the early 1990s, tensions over government representation led to armed conflict, which ended in a power-sharing agreement in 2000 between the ruling party and the opposition.Djibouti is a multi-ethnic nation with a population of over 921,804 inhabitants (the smallest in mainland Africa). French and Arabic are the country's two official languages. About 94% of residents adhere to Islam, which is the official religion and has been predominant in the region for more than a thousand years. The Somali (Issa clan) and Afar make up the two largest ethnic groups. Both speak the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages.Djibouti is strategically located near some of the world's busiest shipping lanes, controlling access to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. It serves as a key refuelling and transshipment center, and is the principal maritime port for imports from and exports to neighboring Ethiopia. A burgeoning commercial hub, the nation is the site of various foreign military bases, including Camp Lemonnier. The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) regional body also has its headquarters in Djibouti City.", "Q362133": "Vasily Borisovich Livanov MBE, FMF, PAR (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; born 19 July 1935), is a Soviet and Russian actor, animation and film director, screenwriter and writer most famous for portraying Sherlock Holmes in the Soviet TV series. He was named People's Artist of the RSFSR in 1988.", "Q1351930": "Gerard Leonard Frederik Philips (9 October 1858 \u2013 26 January 1942) was a Dutch industrialist and co-founder, with his father Frederik Philips, of Philips as a family business in 1891. In 1912, Gerard and his younger brother Anton Philips converted the business to a corporation by founding NV Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken.", "Q529619": "Baby Dee (born 1953) is an American performance artist, multi-instrumentalist, and singer-songwriter from Cleveland, Ohio.", "Q241098": "Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 \u2013 11 October 1958) was a French painter. Along with Andr\u00e9 Derain and Henri Matisse he is considered one of the principal figures in the Fauve movement, a group of modern artists who from 1904 to 1908 were united in their use of intense colour. Vlaminck was one of the Fauves at the controversial Salon d'Automne exhibition of 1905.", "Q3288828": "Carlos \"Carlinhos\" Gracie Jr. is a Brazilian 8th-degree red and white belt Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner and instructor. A member of the Gracie family, he is the son of Carlos Gracie, and first cousin to the Machado family brothers.\n\n", "Q69742": "Arth is a village, a town, and a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.\nThe municipality consists of the villages Arth, Oberarth, and Goldau. The four settlements Rigi Kulm, Rigi First, Rigi Kl\u00f6sterli, and Rigi Staffel on the mountain Rigi to the west of Arth are also part of the municipality.\nThe official language of Arth is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q57874": "Josef Antonius Heinrich Terboven (23 May 1898 \u2013 8 May 1945) was a Nazi leader, best known as the Reichskommissar for Norway during the German occupation of Norway and the Quisling regime.", "Q49492": "Mikhail Aleksandrovich \"Michael\" Chekhov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432, 29 August 1891 \u2013 30 September 1955) was a Russian-American actor, director, author and theatre practitioner. He was a nephew of the playwright Anton Chekhov and a student of Konstantin Stanislavski. Stanislavski referred to him as his most brilliant student. \nAlthough mainly a stage actor, he made a few notable appearances on film, perhaps most memorably as the Freudian analyst in Alfred Hitchcock's Spellbound (1945), for which he received his only Academy Award nomination.\n\n", "Q366355": "Harvey Lavan \"Van\" Cliburn Jr. (; July 12, 1934 \u2013 February 27, 2013) was an American pianist who, at the age of 23, achieved worldwide recognition when he won the inaugural International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow in 1958 (during the Cold War).\nCliburn's mother, a piano teacher and an accomplished pianist in her own right, discovered him playing at age three, mimicking one of her students and arranged for him to start taking lessons. Cliburn developed a rich, round tone and a singing-voice-like phrasing, having been taught from the start to sing each piece.Cliburn toured domestically and overseas. He played for royalty, heads of state, and every US president from Harry S. Truman to Barack Obama.\n\n", "Q233368": "Jena Laine Malone (; born November 21, 1984) is an American actress, musician, and photographer. She began her career as a child actor, and became known for her roles in both independent films and mainstream blockbuster features. Her accolades include two Screen Actors Guild Award nominations, a Golden Globe Award nomination, and a Saturn Award.\nA native of Sparks, Nevada, Malone spent her early life there and in Las Vegas, while her mother acted in local theater productions. Inspired to become an actress herself, Malone convinced her mother to relocate to Los Angeles. After auditioning for several projects, Malone was cast by Anjelica Huston in her television film Bastard Out of Carolina (1996), for which she earned numerous accolades, including Screen Actors Guild and Independent Spirit Award nominations. She subsequently obtained roles in the major studio productions Contact (1997) and Stepmom (1998), for the former of which she earned a Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor.\nMalone appeared in the independent psychological thriller Donnie Darko (2001), which became a cult film, as well as the drama Life as a House, and the miniseries Hitler: The Rise of Evil (2003). She subsequently starred in the dark comedy Saved! (2004) before being cast as Lydia Bennet in Joe Wright's adaptation of Jane Austen's Pride & Prejudice (2005). Malone continued to appear in both independent and mainstream features throughout the 2000s, with supporting roles in the dramas The Ballad of Jack and Rose (2005), Into the Wild (2007), and the horror film The Ruins (2008). In the late 2000s Malone ventured into music, releasing a single as Jena Malone and the Blood Stains in 2007. The following year she began performing street shows with a musical project called The Shoe, which features Malone performing with various instruments contained in a steamer trunk.\nMalone made her foray into action films with Zack Snyder's Sucker Punch (2011) and was subsequently cast as Johanna Mason in The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013), a role she reprised in two sequels between 2014 and 2015. She was then cast in supporting roles in Nicolas Winding Refn's psychological horror film The Neon Demon and Tom Ford's thriller Nocturnal Animals (both 2016).", "Q1771817": "Anthony Peter Bevilacqua (born July 23, 1976) is an American musician. He is currently guitarist with The Distillers. He also used the stage name \"Tony Bradley\" while with The Distillers.", "Q346085": "William Edwin Bruce Jr. (born December 29, 1939) is an American country music songwriter, singer and actor. He is known for writing the 1975 song \"Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys\" and recording the 1982 country number one hit \"You're the Best Break This Old Heart Ever Had\". He also co-starred in the television series Bret Maverick with James Garner during the 1981-82 season.", "Q137808": "Oona O'Neill Chaplin, Lady Chaplin (14 May 1925 \u2013 27 September 1991) was an actress who became a British citizen after renouncing her American citizenship. She was the daughter of American playwright Eugene O'Neill and English-born writer Agnes Boulton, and the fourth and last wife of English actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin.\nO'Neill's parents divorced when she was four years old, after which she was raised by her mother in Point Pleasant, New Jersey, and rarely saw her father. She first came to the public eye during her time at the Brearley School in New York City between 1940 and 1942, when she was photographed attending fashionable nightclubs with her friends Carol Marcus and Gloria Vanderbilt. In 1942, she received a large amount of media attention after she was chosen as \"The Number One Debutante\" of the 1942\u20131943 season at the Stork Club. Soon after, she decided to pursue a career in acting and, after small roles in two stage productions, headed for Hollywood.\nIn Hollywood, O'Neill was introduced to Chaplin, who considered her for a film role. The film was never made, but O'Neill and Chaplin began a romantic relationship and married in June 1943, a month after she had turned 18. The 36-year age gap between them caused a scandal, and severed O'Neill's relationship with her father, who was only six months older than Chaplin and who had already strongly disapproved of her wish to become an actress. Following the marriage, O'Neill gave up her career plans. She and Chaplin had eight children together and remained married until his death in 1977. The first decade of their marriage was spent living in Beverly Hills, but after Chaplin's re-entry permit to the United States was cancelled during a voyage to London in 1952, they moved to Manoir de Ban in the Swiss village of Corsier-sur-Vevey. In 1954, O'Neill renounced her US citizenship and became a British citizen.\nFollowing Chaplin's death, she split her time between Switzerland and New York. She died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 66 in Corsier-sur-Vevey in 1991. Her daughter Geraldine Chaplin named her own daughter after Oona in 1986.", "Q330113": "March of the Penguins (French La Marche de l'empereur ; French pronunciation: \u200b[lama\u0281\u0283 d\u0259l\u0251\u0303\u02c8p\u0281\u0153\u0281]) is a 2005 French feature-length nature documentary directed and co-written by Luc Jacquet, and co-produced by Bonne Pioche and the National Geographic Society. The documentary depicts the yearly journey of the emperor penguins of Antarctica. In autumn, all the penguins of breeding age (five years old and over) leave the ocean, which is their normal habitat, to walk inland to their ancestral breeding grounds. There, the penguins participate in a courtship that, if successful, results in the hatching of a chick. For the chick to survive, both parents must make multiple arduous journeys between the ocean and the breeding grounds over the ensuing months.\nIt took one year for the two isolated cinematographers Laurent Chalet and J\u00e9r\u00f4me Maison to shoot the documentary, which was shot around the French scientific base of Dumont d'Urville in Ad\u00e9lie Land.\nMarch of the Penguins was released in France on January 26, 2005 by Buena Vista International and in the United States by Warner Independent Pictures on June 24, 2005. The documentary won the 2006 Oscar for Best Documentary Feature. On June 1, 2010, a home video release in France included the movie in the Disneynature collection. The documentary had a 2007 follow-up movie, Arctic Tale, which only took in at the box office $1.8 million worldwide. A direct sequel titled March of the Penguins 2: The Next Step (aka March of the Penguins 2: The Call) was released in France in 2017 by Disneynature. It was released in the United States exclusively on Hulu on March 23, 2018.", "Q111171": "Souad Mekhennet (born 1978) is a German journalist and author who has written or worked for The New York Times, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, The Washington Post, The Daily Beast and German television channel ZDF.", "Q35997": "\u0130zmir (UK: IZ-meer, US: iz-MEER, Turkish: [\u02c8izmi\u027e]), often spelled Izmir in English, is a metropolitan city in the western extremity of Anatolia. It is the third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara, and the second largest urban agglomeration on the Aegean Sea after Athens, Greece. \nIn 2019, the city of \u0130zmir had a population of 2,972,900, while \u0130zmir Province had a total population of 4,367,251. \u0130zmir's metropolitan area extends along the outlying waters of the Gulf of \u0130zmir and inland to the north across the Gediz River delta; to the east along an alluvial plain created by several small streams; and to slightly more rugged terrain in the south.In classical antiquity the city was known as Smyrna ( SMUR-n\u0259) \u2013 a name which remained in use in English and various other languages until around 1930, when government efforts led the original Greek name to be gradually phased out internationally in favor of its Turkish counterpart \u0130zmir. However, the historic name Smyrna is still used today in some languages, such as Greek (\u03a3\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7, Sm\u00fdrni/Sm\u00fdrn\u0113), Armenian (\u0536\u0574\u0575\u0578\u0582\u057c\u0576\u056b\u0561, Zmyurnia), Italian (Smirne), and Catalan, Portuguese, and Spanish (Esmirna). Smyrna has more than 3,000 years of recorded urban history, and up to 8,500 years of history as a human settlement since the Neolithic period. Lying on an advantageous location at the head of a gulf running down in a deep indentation, midway along the western Anatolian coast, it has been one of the principal mercantile cities of the Mediterranean Sea for much of its history. \u0130zmir hosted the Mediterranean Games in 1971 and the World University Games (Universiade) in 2005. The city participated in Climathon in 2019.The city of \u0130zmir is composed of several metropolitan districts. Of these, the district of Konak corresponds to historical \u0130zmir, with this district's area having constituted the city's central \"\u0130zmir Municipality\" (Turkish: \u0130zmir Belediyesi) until 1984. With the formation of the \"\u0130zmir Metropolitan Municipality\" (Turkish: \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi), the city of \u0130zmir at first grouped together its eleven (initially nine) urban districts \u2013 namely Bal\u00e7ova, Bayrakl\u0131, Bornova, Buca, \u00c7i\u011fli, Gaziemir, G\u00fczelbah\u00e7e, Karaba\u011flar, Kar\u015f\u0131yaka, Konak, and Narl\u0131dere \u2013 and later consolidated them with an additional nine of the province's districts outside the city proper. In 2013, the passing of Act 6360 established all thirty of \u0130zmir Province's districts as part of \u0130zmir's metropolitan area.", "Q235719": "Christian Marie Serratos (born Bernardi, ; born September 21, 1990) is an American actress who plays Rosita Espinosa in AMC's The Walking Dead TV series, based on the comic book of the same name. She is also known for playing Suzie Crabgrass in the Nickelodeon series Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide and Angela Weber in The Twilight Saga series. She is cast to play Selena in Selena: The Series, an upcoming Netflix series in 2020.", "Q6543110": "The Liceo Italiano Statale Istanbul (Turkish: \u00d6zel \u0130talyan Lisesi) or the Istituti Medi Italiani (I.M.I.), popularly known as Liceo Italiano in Italian and \u0130talyan Lisesi in Turkish, is under legislation a private school which is situated in Beyo\u011flu, Istanbul, Turkey. Although considered a private school under Turkish law, the Liceo Italiano receives financial support and teachers from Italy.\nIt is owned by the Italian government.\n\n", "Q20737622": "Maurice Tabet (1 February 1919 \u2013 27 January 2014) was a Lebanese sports shooter. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics.", "Q90481": "Bernger von Horheim was a Rhenish Minnes\u00e4nger of the late twelfth century. He wrote in the tradition of courtly love and was influenced by Friedrich von Hausen.\nBernger may originate from Horrheim in Vaihingen an der Enz. Another possibility is Harheim near Frankfurt. A Berengerius de Orehem is recorded in Italy in 1196 with Philip of Swabia, probably participating in the campaign of Emperor Henry VI in Apulia. A Ritterklage in Bernger's fourth song may refer to this campaign.\nSix of Bernger's songs, seventeen stanzas in total, are recorded in the Codex Manesse. Thirteen of these stanzas (all except songs V and VI) are also found in the Weingartner Liederhandschrift. His songs are predominantly Minneklagen, though song II has been called a L\u00fcgenlied (lying song). In each of its four strophes Bernger sings of happiness and fulfilled love before ending with the claim that he was lying. This song type was later adopted by Tannh\u00e4user and Der Marner.\nBernger's debt to Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes is evident in his treatment of Tristan and Iseult and the Matter of Britain.", "Q117500": "Mary Eileen McDonnell (born April 28, 1952) is an American film, stage, and television actress. She received Academy Award nominations for her roles as Stands With A Fist in Dances with Wolves and May-Alice Culhane in Passion Fish. McDonnell is well known for her performances as President Laura Roslin in Battlestar Galactica (for which she won a Saturn Award), First Lady Marilyn Whitmore in Independence Day, and Rose in Donnie Darko. She was featured as Captain Sharon Raydor during seasons 5\u20137 of the TNT series The Closer and in the spin-off series Major Crimes, on the same network.", "Q321778": "See other places named Hodon\u00edn.Hodon\u00edn (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0266odo\u0272i\u02d0n]; German: G\u00f6ding) is a town on the River Morava in the southeast of Moravia, in the Czech Republic. It lies in the South Moravian Region. The population is around 25,000.", "Q11993457": "The Royal Spanish Academy (Spanish: Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola, generally abbreviated as RAE) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, but is affiliated with national language academies in 22 other hispanophone nations through the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language. The RAE's emblem is a fiery crucible, and its motto is Limpia, fija y da esplendor (\"Cleans, sets, and gives splendor\").\nThe RAE dedicates itself to language planning by applying linguistic prescription aimed at promoting linguistic unity within and between various territories, to ensure a common standard. The proposed language guidelines are shown in a number of works.", "Q64500": "Remetschwil is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q2095524": "The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) in New Delhi is the apex body of Indian scientists representing all branches of science and technology.In August 2019, Dr. Chandrima Shaha was appointed as the president of Indian National Science Academy, becoming the first woman to head the INSA(for 2020-2022).In 2015 INSA has constituted a junior wing for young scientists in the country named Indian National Young Academy of Sciences (INYAS) in line with other national young academies. INYAS is the prestigious academy for young scientists in India as a national young academy and is affiliated with Global Young Academy. INYAS is also a signatory of the declaration on the Core Values of Young Academies, adopted at World Science Forum, Budapest on 20th November, 2019", "Q483828": "Sigur R\u00f3s (Icelandic pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u026a\u02d0\u0263\u031e\u028f\u027e \u02ccro\u02d0us] (listen)) is an Icelandic post-rock band from Reykjav\u00edk, active since 1994. Known for their ethereal sound, frontman J\u00f3nsi's falsetto vocals, and the use of bowed guitar, the band's music incorporates classical and minimal aesthetic elements. They have been nominated for and received various awards throughout the years.", "Q3172082": "Heir to the Compagnie Fraissinet, Lieutenant (later Captain) Jean Alfred Fraissinet also served in the French Air Force during World War I, becoming a flying ace credited with eight aerial victories. Postwar, he took the helm of his family's shipping line in 1927. He founded two newspapers and bought another. He also bought the Ch\u00e2teau Saint-Maur and transformed it into a winery. The capstone of his career came in 1958, when he was elected to his nation's National Assembly as a member of the National Centre of Independents and Peasants.\n\n", "Q32746": "National Taiwan University (NTU; Chinese: \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78; pinyin: Gu\u00f3l\u00ec T\u00e1iw\u0101n D\u00e0xu\u00e9; Pe\u030dh-\u014de-j\u012b: Kok-li\u030dp T\u00e2i-o\u00e2n T\u0101i-ha\u030dk; colloquially, \u81fa\u5927; T\u00e1id\u00e0 / T\u00e2i-t\u0101i) is a national university in Taipei City, Taiwan. NTU is the most prestigious comprehensive university in Taiwan and one of the top-ranked universities in Asia. It consists of 11 colleges, 56 departments, 112 graduate institutes, four research centers and a school of professional education and continuing studies.The University was founded in 1928 during Japanese rule as one of the Imperial Universities, the Taihoku Imperial University to serve under the purpose of Japanese colonization. After World War II, the Nationalist government assumed the administration of the university. The Ministry of Education reorganized and renamed the University as National Taiwan University on November 15, 1945, with the root of liberal tradition from Peking University by former NTU President Fu Ssu-nien.Notable alumni include Tsai Ing-Wen, current president of the Republic of China (Taiwan), former presidents Lee Teng-hui, Chen Shui-bian and Ma Ying-jeou, Turing Award laureate Andrew Yao, and Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate Yuan T. Lee. NTU is affiliated with National Taiwan Normal University and National Taiwan University of Science and Technology as part of the NTU System.\nIn 2018, there were 16,604 undergraduate and 15,141 graduate students.", "Q108346": "Alina Levshin (born September 10, 1984) is a German-Ukrainian actress. She moved with her parents from the Soviet Union to Germany when she was six. From 2006 to 2010, she studied acting at the College of Film and Television \"Konrad Wolf\" in Potsdam.\nLevshin was one of the main cast members in Dominik Graf\u2019s television series Im Angesicht des Verbrechens who collectively received the German Television Award in 2010. She starred in the 2011 German film Combat Girls (Kriegerin), for which she won the best actress awards at the Deutscher Filmpreis awards and the S\u00e3o Paulo International Film Festival.She appeared in Generation War (German: Unsere M\u00fctter, unsere V\u00e4ter, literally \"Our mothers, our fathers\"), a German World War II TV miniseries in 2013 as well as in Dunkelstadt, a TV series of ZDF.", "Q896660": "Stanis\u0142aw Zaremba (3 October 1863 \u2013 23 November 1942) was a Polish mathematician and engineer. His research in partial differential equations, applied mathematics and classical analysis, particularly on harmonic functions, gained him a wide recognition. He was one of the mathematicians who contributed to the success of the Polish School of Mathematics through his teaching and organizational skills as well as through his research. Apart from his research works, Zaremba wrote many university textbooks and monographies.\nHe was a professor of the Jagiellonian University (since 1900), member of Academy of Learning (since 1903), co-founder and president of the Polish Mathematical Society (1919).\nHe should not be confused with his son Stanis\u0142aw Zaremba junior, also a mathematician.\n\n", "Q348916": "Charles Bruce Chatwin (13 May 1940 \u2013 18 January 1989) was an English travel writer, novelist and journalist. His first book, In Patagonia (1977), established Chatwin as a travel writer, although he considered himself instead a storyteller, interested in bringing to light unusual tales. He won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for his novel On the Black Hill (1982), while his novel Utz (1988) was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize. In 2008 The Times ranked Chatwin as number 46 on their list of \"50 Greatest British Writers Since 1945.\"\nChatwin was born in Sheffield, England. After completing his secondary education at Marlborough College, he went to work at the age of 18 at Sotheby's in London, where he gained an extensive knowledge of art and eventually ran the auction house's Antiquities and Impressionist Art departments. In 1966 he left Sotheby's to read archaeology at the University of Edinburgh, but he abandoned his studies after two years to pursue a career as a writer.\nThe Sunday Times Magazine hired Chatwin in 1972. He travelled the world for work and interviewed figures such as the politicians Indira Gandhi and Andr\u00e9 Malraux. He left the magazine in 1974 to visit Patagonia, Argentina; a trip that inspired his first book. He wrote five other books, including The Songlines (1987), about Australia, which was a bestseller. His work is credited with reviving the genre of travel writing, and his works influenced other writers such as William Dalrymple, Claudio Magris, Philip Marsden, Luis Sep\u00falveda, and Rory Stewart.", "Q158571": "(T)Raumschiff Surprise - Periode 1 is a German movie made in 2004 by Michael Herbig. As a spiritual successor to Der Schuh des Manitu, (T)Raumschiff Surprise - Periode 1 is based on a recurring skit from Herbig's TV show Bullyparade, \"Unser (T)Raumschiff\", a spoof of the 1960s American television series, Star Trek. The title and plot allude to Raumschiff Enterprise, the German title of Star Trek. Raumschiff is the German word for spacecraft; Traumschiff means \"dream ship\", which was also a reference to Das Traumschiff, a German television series, similar to the series The Love Boat. The movie parodies several science fiction films.", "Q44808": "Patrick Volkerding (born October 20, 1966) is the founder and maintainer of the Slackware Linux distribution. Volkerding is Slackware's \"Benevolent Dictator for Life\" (BDFL), and is also known informally as \"The Man\".", "Q4919788": "Bj\u00f6rn Georg Wilhelm Westerlund, titled Vuorineuvos (27 January 1912 in Hanover, Germany \u2013 11 March 2009 in Helsinki, Finland), was a Finnish businessman and a short-time minister in the government of Finland. He was the former and first President and CEO of Nokia Corporation that was formed in a 1967 merger between the three Finnish companies Nokia Company, Finnish Rubber Works and Kaapelitehdas (Cable Company). He was the CEO until his retirement in 1977. He remained Chairman of the Board until 1979.\nHe was also the Minister of Trade and Industry for a short while (19 June to 14 July 1961) in V. J. Sukselainen's second government, as a representative of Swedish People's Party.", "Q115471": "Petar Stamboli\u0107 (Serbian pronunciation: [p\u011btar stamb\u01d2li\u02d0t\u0361\u0255]; 12 July 1912 \u2013 21 September 2007) was a Yugoslav communist politician who served as the President of the Federal Executive Council (prime minister) of Yugoslavia from 1963 to 1967 and President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia from 1982 until 1983.", "Q816706": "The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an inter-governmental organization headquartered in Gaborone, Botswana. Its goal is to further socio-economic cooperation and integration as well as political and security cooperation among 16 southern African countries.", "Q66317": "G\u00fcttingen is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q188220": "The Wahlkreis Rheintal (English: Rhine Valley) is a constituency (Wahlkreis) of the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland, formed under the new constitution of the canton on 10 June 2001. It consists largely of the former districts of Oberrheintal and Unterrheintal.\nThe Wahlrkreis covers almost all the region of Vogtei Rheintal and later Rheintal District.", "Q700541": "Dahlem (German pronunciation ) is a locality of the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough in southwestern Berlin. Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was a part of the former borough of Zehlendorf.\nDahlem is one of the most affluent parts of the city and a center for academic research. It is home to the Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, with its Philological Library (\"The Brain\") by Norman Foster as a landmark. Several other research institutions; the Jesus-Christus-Kirche, where most of the legendary Berlin Philharmonic recordings were made from the 1950s through the 1980s owing to its fine acoustics; the Berlin Botanical Garden, although officially on the ground of neighbouring Lichterfelde; parts of the Grunewald forest, including its Renaissance hunting lodge built in 1543; and many museums \u2014 all are there.\nAlthough Dahlem has a reputation as an idyllic and quiet area, it is busy with students arriving by U-Bahn on weekdays.\n\n", "Q246091": "Urban Hj\u00e4rne (20 December 1641 \u2013 10 March 1724) was a Swedish chemist, geologist, physician and writer.", "Q5386547": "The University of Southern California Thornton School of Music, was founded in 1884 and dedicated in 1999. Founded only four years after the University of Southern California itself, the Thornton School is the oldest continually operating arts institution in Southern California.\nThe School is located in the heart of the USC University Park Campus, south of downtown Los Angeles.\nThe school gets its name in honor of a $25 million gift by Flora L. Thornton in 1999. At the time, this was the largest donation to a school of music in the United States. In 2006, she donated an additional $5 million to support the facility needs of the school.USC Thornton offers Bachelor's, Master's, and Doctorate degrees in over 20 disciplines across the school's three divisions\u2013Classical Performance and Composition, Contemporary Music, and Research and Scholarly Studies. Many disciplines also offer graduate certificates.USC Thornton is noted for quality programs such as orchestral studies, opera, jazz, early music, composition, Film Scoring and Music Industry. Rolling Stone magazine named the music school as one of the top-five in the country.A diverse school of music, Thornton is one of the few highly regarded music schools in the United States to offer a degree program in early music. Students of baroque, renaissance and medieval music (vocal or instrumental) may enroll in a specialized degree program in early music.\nAt the 2007 Grammy Awards, four alumni (out of six nominated) and four faculty members received awards, in addition to one faculty member receiving a special honor. At the 2009 Grammy Awards, faculty and alumni won six awards.In 2007, USC Thornton alumnus and Distinguished Professor of Composition Morten Lauridsen became the eighth classical composer to receive the National Medal of Arts. Two years later, in 2009, alumnus and Judge Widney Professor of Music at USC Michael Tilson Thomas also received the National Medal of Arts.In 2009, USC Thornton was again a trailblazer in collegiate music when it became the first university to offer a major in popular music performance and songwriting alongside its already prestigious classical and jazz programs.\nThornton was one of the first universities to offer an undergraduate program in Music Industry, a program still regarded as among the best in the country, and currently offers a Master of Science in Music Industry program. Thornton offers the only comprehensive program in Scoring for Television and Film. It also has a unique program in studio guitar performance.At the 2017 GRAMMY awards, Pentatonix, the a capella super-group that was founded by former Thornton Popular Music student Scott Hoying and features Thornton alumnus Ben Bram, won its third GRAMMY for Best Country Duo/Group Performance.In 2017 USC Thornton launched new professional master degree programs in Arts Leadership, K-12 Contemporary Teaching Practice, and Community Music.In 2018 USC Thornton announced a new model of classical music education for undergraduate Classical Performance and Composition students. Hallmarks of USC Thornton's redesigned curriculum includes restructured lessons, rehearsals, and classes to prepare students for a vibrant career in music.USC Thornton alumnus Billy Childs won a 2018 GRAMMY award.At the 2018 Emmy Awards, USC Thornton alumni Eli Brueggemann and Carlso Rafael Rivera earned awards.USC Thornton alumni had a fantastic showing at the 2019 GRAMMY awards. Ludwig G\u00f6ransson and John Daversa both took home three awards, including G\u00f6ransson's win for Song of the Year and Record of the Year, and Lansing McLoskey took home one an award.At the 2019 Academy Awards, G\u00f6ransson followed up his GRAMMY in the Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media for the movie for Black Panther by winning the Oscar for Best Original Score for the film.", "Q964384": "William Henry Phelps Jr. (December 25, 1902 \u2013 August 13, 1988) was a Venezuelan ornithologist and businessman.", "Q60766": "Dennis Gansel (born 4 October 1973) is a German film director, writer and actor .", "Q719010": "Jean-Albert Gr\u00e9goire (7 July 1899 in Paris \u2013 19 August 1992) was one of the great pioneers of the front-wheel-drive car. He contributed to the development of front-wheel-drive vehicles in two ways. The first way was in developing and promoting the Tracta joint (designed by his friend Pierre Fenaille), which was, until manufacturing techniques had progressed sufficiently to allow the successful manufacture of the constant velocity joints commonly in use today, the preferred choice of most manufactures of vehicles that had driven front wheels. Tracta joints were used by many of the pioneers of front-wheel drive, including DKW between 1929 and 1936 and Adler from 1932 to 1939 as well as the cars designed by J A Gr\u00e9goire that will be mentioned later. The Tracta joint was fitted to most of the military vehicles that had driven front wheels used by most of the combatants in the Second World War. They included Laffly and Panhard in France, Alvis and Daimler in the UK and Willys in the United States that used the joint in a quarter of a million Jeeps and many others. This was to continue after the war, the first Land Rover being so fitted.\nThe second way he contributed to the development of front-wheel-drive vehicles was in designing and in some cases manufacturing front-wheel-drive cars. The Tracta Gephi was his first design and it was this car that inspired him to design a constant velocity joint. All subsequent Tracta cars, and there were about two hundred manufactured between 1927 and 1932, used it. The first of these was raced at Le Mans in 1927 completing the 24-hour race. The Tracta cars used engines from S.C.A.P. from 1100 cc to 1600 cc, and Continental and Hotchkiss, from 2700 cc to 3300 cc.\nJ.A. Gr\u00e9goire designed an 11cv 6-cylinder car for Donnet in 1932. Only four prototypes were produced, one being shown at the Paris Salon of 1932 before Donnet went into liquidation. He then worked with Lucian Chenard to design two cars for Chenard et Walcker. They were of advanced design but were not a commercial success. In 1937 he designed the Amilcar Compound, produced by Hotchkiss from 1938 to the Second World War, by which time 681 examples had been made. It was constructed using another of Gr\u00e9goire's ideas, a cast Alpax (light alloy) chassis frame. Other advanced features were rack and pinion steering and all independent suspension. But the car had its bad points, cable brakes and gear-change linkage and a side-valve engine although the latter was still common at this time. An overhead valve version came later. During the Second World War he secretly worked with his design team at his works at Asni\u00e8res-sur-Seine on a small car the Aluminium \"Francais-Gr\u00e9goire\". It had a chassis-body frame of light alloy, front-wheel drive, an air-cooled flat twin engine and independent suspension on all wheels. A four-seat car weighing only 880 pounds (400 kg) and could reach 60 mph (97 km/h) while returning 70 mpg. This design was to form the basis of the 1950 \"Dyna\" Panhard. In 1950 another Hotchkiss car the \"Hotchkiss-Gr\u00e9goire\", was produced again with an alloy chassis and body. With independent suspension on all four wheels and fitted with a water-cooled flat four engine of 2 litres, ahead of the front axle, it was fast, with a top speed of 94 mph (151 km/h), but the car was expensive and only 250 examples were made by 1954. In 1956 Gr\u00e9goire produced a two-seat convertible with a 2.2-litre supercharged flat-four engine producing 130 PS (96 kW; 128 hp) and, as in the case of the cars mentioned previously, front-wheel drive. All ten cars made were fitted with bodies designed and built by Henri Chapron.\nAll the cars mentioned previously were front-wheel-drive cars. Gr\u00e9goire also designed a couple of rear-wheel-drive machines: the first electric car with the machinery in the mid-engine position and a gas turbine car, the experimental SOCEMA-Gr\u00e9goire with a front-engined, rear-wheel drive layout.\n\n", "Q41970": "Pyatigorsk (Russian: \u041f\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a; Circassian: \u041f\u0441\u044b\u0445\u0443\u0430\u0431\u044d, Ps\u0131xwab\u00e6) is a city in Stavropol Krai located on the Podkumok River, about 20 kilometers (12 mi) from the town of Mineralnye Vody where there is an international airport and about 45 kilometers (28 mi) from Kislovodsk. Since January 19, 2010, it has been the administrative center of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia. Population: 142,511\u2009(2010 Census); 140,559\u2009(2002 Census); 129,499\u2009(1989 Census).", "Q67009": "E. O. Plauen (often stylized as e.o.plauen) was the pseudonym of Erich Ohser (March 18, 1903 \u2013 April 5, 1944) (some sources give his birth year as 1909), a German cartoonist best known for his strip Vater und Sohn (\"Father and Son\").", "Q73054": "J\u00fcrgen Creutzmann (born 4 October 1945 in Speyer, Germany) is a German politician and member of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany (FDP). He has been a member of the European Parliament since 2009.", "Q1453398": "Raheem DeVaughn (born May 5, 1975) is an American singer and songwriter. His debut album, The Love Experience (2005), reached No. 46 on the US Billboard 200 album chart. It featured the singles \"Guess Who Loves You More\" and \"You\". His second album Love Behind the Melody was released in January 2008. It features the singles \"Woman\", and \"Customer\".\nDeVaughn was nominated for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance at the 2008 Grammy Awards for the single \"Woman\". His third album The Love & War MasterPeace was released in 2010. A Place Called Love Land, his fourth album, was released in 2013. In 2015, he had released his fifth album, Love Sex Passion. DeVaughn released his sixth album Decade of a Love King on October 19, 2018. \nOn June 28, 2019, DeVaughn released The Love Reunion, his seventh studio album, featuring the lead single, \"Just Right\".", "Q1386098": "David Melvin English (October 12, 1942 \u2013 February 23, 1995) better known by the stage name Melvin Franklin, or his nickname \"Blue\", was an American bass singer. Franklin was best known for his role as a founding member of Motown singing group The Temptations from 1960 to 1994.", "Q367705": "Espen Beranek Holm (born 23 March 1960) is a Norwegian pop artist and comedian.", "Q64528": "Andrea Fischer (born January 14, 1960) was a member of the German Bundestag for the German Green Party and from 1998 until 2001 Federal Minister for Health. She dropped out of the Bundestag in 2002.", "Q3051101": "Elisabeth Murdoch (born 22 August 1968) is an Australian-born American media executive based in the United Kingdom. Murdoch is the second daughter of Australian-born American multi-billionaire media proprietor Rupert Murdoch. She was a non-executive chairperson of Shine Group, the UK-based TV programme production company she founded in 2001, until the company's parent, her father's 21st Century Fox on 1 January 2015 merged its Shine division with ApolloGlobal Management's Endemol and Core Media production houses, specializing in reality TV.", "Q182043": "Matti Taneli Vanhanen (pronunciation ) (born 4 November 1955) is a Finnish politician who was Prime Minister of Finland from 2003 to 2010. He was also Chairman of the Centre Party, and in the second half of 2006 he was President of the European Council. In his earlier career he was a journalist. Vanhanen is the son of professor Tatu Vanhanen and Anni Tiihonen.", "Q265660": "John Fredriksen (born 10 May 1944) is a Norwegian-born Cypriot oil tanker and shipping billionaire businessman, who owns the world's largest oil tanker fleet. He has major interests in the offshore driller Seadrill, the fish farming company Mowi, the dry bulk company Golden Ocean Group, and the supply vessel company Deep Sea Supply. Through his investment companies Hemen Holdings and Meisha, Fredriksen controls the companies Frontline and Golar LNG. In 2010\u20132011, Frontline owned 9.6 percent of another large tanker company, Overseas Shipholding Group. North Atlantic Drilling, Sevan Drilling, and Asia Offshore Drilling are partly owned by Seadrill.Born in Oslo, Norway, Fredriksen is a Cypriot citizen who resides in London. Before abandoning his Norwegian citizenship, he was Norway's richest man. Norwegian magazine Kapital listed Fredriksen in 2013 with a net worth of NOK 69,75 billion (US$11.9 billion). In 2012, he was included in the 50 Most Influential list of Bloomberg Markets Magazine. He was named in the top 10 most influential people in the shipping industry according to Lloyds List 2014.\n\n", "Q327321": "A bricklayer, which is related to but different from a mason, is a craftsman and tradesman who lays bricks to construct brickwork. The terms also refer to personnel who use blocks to construct blockwork walls and other forms of masonry. In British and Australian English, a bricklayer is colloquially known as a \"brickie\". A stone mason is one who lays any combination of stones, cinder blocks, and bricks in construction of building walls and other works. The main difference between a bricklayer and a true mason is skill level: bricklaying is a part of masonry and considered to be a \"lower\" form of masonry, whereas stonemasonry is a specialist occupation involved in the cutting and shaping of stones and stonework.Bricklaying may also be enjoyed as a hobby. For example, the former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill did bricklaying as a hobby.\nBricklayers occasionally enter competitions where both speed and accuracy are judged. The largest is the \"Spec-Mix Bricklayer 500\" held annually in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.", "Q544387": "Ray Charles Robinson (September 23, 1930 \u2013 June 10, 2004) was an American singer, songwriter, pianist, and composer. Among friends and fellow musicians he preferred being called \"Brother Ray.\" He was often referred to as \"The Genius.\" Charles was blinded during childhood due to glaucoma.Charles pioneered the soul music genre during the 1950s by combining blues, rhythm and blues, and gospel styles into the music he recorded for Atlantic. He contributed to the integration of country music, rhythm and blues, and pop music during the 1960s with his crossover success on ABC Records, notably with his two Modern Sounds albums. While he was with ABC, Charles became one of the first black musicians to be granted artistic control by a mainstream record company.Charles' 1960 hit \"Georgia On My Mind\" was the first of his three career No. 1 hits on the Billboard Hot 100. His 1962 album, Modern Sounds In Country And Western Music, became his first album to top the Billboard 200. Charles had multiple singles reach the Top 40 on various Billboard charts: 44 on the US R&B singles chart, 11 on the Hot 100 singles chart, 2 on the Hot Country singles charts.Charles cited Nat King Cole as a primary influence, but his music was also influenced by Louis Jordan and Charles Brown. He had a lifelong friendship and occasional partnership with Quincy Jones. Frank Sinatra called Ray Charles \"the only true genius in show business,\" although Charles downplayed this notion. Billy Joel said, \"This may sound like sacrilege, but I think Ray Charles was more important than Elvis Presley\".Charles is a 17-time Grammy Award winner. He was honored with the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1987; 10 of his recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2002, Rolling Stone ranked Charles No. 10 on their list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time,\" and No. 2 on their list of the \"100 Greatest Singers of All Time\" in 2008.", "Q328012": "Erich Kulka (18 February 1911 \u2013 12 July 1995) was a Czech-Israeli writer, historian and journalist who survived the Holocaust. After the World War II he has made it his life's work to research the Holocaust and publicize facts about it.\n\n", "Q713273": "Edward William May Jr. (November 10, 1916 \u2013 January 22, 2004) was an American composer, arranger and trumpeter. He composed film and television music for The Green Hornet (1966), The Mod Squad (1968), Batman (with Batgirl theme, 1967), and Naked City (1960). He collaborated on films such as Pennies from Heaven (1981), and orchestrated Cocoon, and Cocoon: The Return, among others.\nMay also wrote arrangements for many top singers, including Frank Sinatra, Nat King Cole, Anita O'Day, Peggy Lee, Vic Damone, Bobby Darin, Johnny Mercer, Ella Fitzgerald, Jack Jones, Bing Crosby, Sandler and Young, Nancy Wilson, Rosemary Clooney, The Andrews Sisters and Ella Mae Morse. He also collaborated with satirist Stan Freberg on several classic 1950s and 1960s satirical music albums.\nAs a trumpet player, during the 1940s big band May recorded such songs as \"Measure for Measure\", \"Long Tall Mama\", and \"Boom Shot\", with Glenn Miller and His Orchestra, and \"The Wrong Idea\", \"Lumby\", and \"Wings Over Manhattan\" with Charlie Barnet and His Orchestra. With his own band, May had a hit single, \"Charmaine\", in 1952, and he released several albums including Sorta-May.", "Q1186034": "The Democrat Party (Turkish: Demokrat Parti, DP for short) was a Turkish moderately right-wing political party, and the country's third legal opposition party, after the Liberal Republican Party (Serbest Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131) established by Ali Fethi Okyar in 1930, and the National Development Party (Milli Kalk\u0131nma Partisi) established by Nuri Demira\u011f in 1945. Founded and led by Cel\u00e2l Bayar, it was the first of the opposition parties to rise to power, de-seating the Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi) during the national elections of 1950 and ending Turkey's one party era. The party facilitated the resurgence of Islam, especially at the popular level, in Turkey.", "Q116150": "Francesco Chiesa (5 July 1871 in Sagno - 10 June 1973 in Lugano) was an Italian-speaking Swiss poet and short story writer. He was awarded the Grand Prix Schiller Prize in 1928.\n\n", "Q969850": "The State University of New York at Stony Brook, commonly referred to as Stony Brook University (SBU), is a public sea-grant and space-grant research university in Stony Brook, New York. It is one of four university centers of the State University of New York system.\nThe institution was founded 63 years ago in 1957 in Oyster Bay as State University College on Long Island, and moved to Stony Brook in 1962. In 2001, Stony Brook was elected to the Association of American Universities. It is also a member of the larger Universities Research Association. It is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity.\"Stony Brook University, in partnership with Battelle, manages Brookhaven National Laboratory \u2013 a national laboratory of the United States Department of Energy. The university acquired land for a Research & Development Park adjacent to its main campus in 2004, and has four business incubators across the region. The university's impact on the Long Island economy amounts to $7.23 billion in increased output, and research expenditures have surpassed the $230 million mark annually. Stony Brook is the largest single-site employer on Long Island; 26,814 students are enrolled at the university, which has over 15,000 employees and over 2,700 faculty.Stony Brook's intercollegiate athletic teams are the Seawolves. Since 1999, they have competed in Division I of the NCAA, and are members of the America East Conference, Colonial Athletic Association, and Missouri Valley Conference.", "Q244876": "Heaven & Earth is a 1993 biographical war drama film written and directed by Oliver Stone, and starring Tommy Lee Jones, Haing S. Ngor, Joan Chen, and Hiep Thi Le. It is Stone's third film about the Vietnam War, following Platoon (1986) and Born on the Fourth of July (1989).\nThe film was based on the books When Heaven and Earth Changed Places and Child of War, Woman of Peace, which Le Ly Hayslip wrote about her experiences during and after the Vietnam War.", "Q1941315": "Morris King \"Mo\" Udall (June 15, 1922 \u2013 December 12, 1998) was an American attorney and Democratic politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Arizona from May 2, 1961 to May 4, 1991. He was a leading contender for the 1976 Democratic presidential nomination. He was noted by many for his independent and liberal views.In 1961, Udall won a special election to succeed his brother, Stewart Udall, as the congressman for Arizona's 2nd congressional district. In Congress, the younger Udall became a prominent and popular figure for his independent ways, his leading role in the conservation and environmental protection movements, his key role in reforming Congress and political campaigns, and his pioneering role in opposing the Vietnam War.Udall sought the Democratic nomination in the 1976 presidential election, but was defeated by Jimmy Carter. He supported Ted Kennedy's strong challenge to Carter in the 1980 Democratic primaries, and Udall delivered the keynote address at the 1980 Democratic National Convention.He served as Chairman of the House Interior Committee from 1977 to 1991. Diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1980, Udall resigned from Congress in 1991 as the effects of the disease worsened. He died in 1998. His son, Mark Udall, represented Colorado in the United States Senate from 2009 to 2015, and his nephew Tom Udall is currently the senior United States Senator from New Mexico.", "Q1096555": "Claude Stout Brinegar (December 16, 1926 \u2013 March 13, 2009) was the third United States Secretary of Transportation, serving from February 2, 1973, to February 1, 1975. Holding a PhD from Stanford University in economic research, Brinegar had previously been an oil company executive. Brinegar was Secretary of Transportation during the 1973 oil crisis.", "Q453189": "Richard Glazar (November 29, 1920 \u2013 December 20, 1997) was a Czech-Jewish inmate of the Treblinka extermination camp in German-occupied Poland during the Holocaust. One of a small group of survivors of the camp's prisoner revolt in August 1943, Glazar described his experiences in an autobiographical book, Trap with a Green Fence: Survival in Treblinka (1992).\n\n", "Q3649515": "Luis Alfonso Robelo Callejas (born October 11, 1939), a Nicaraguan businessman, was the founder of the Nicaraguan Democratic Movement (MDN). He was one of the \"moderates\" on the five-members Junta of National Reconstruction that the Sandinistas claimed would rule Nicaragua following the overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayle. However, Robelo found that the real power lay with the FSLN National Directorate.\nAfter resigning from the Junta on April 22, 1981, Robelo went into exile in 1982. He brought his MDN into Ed\u00e9n Pastora's rebel Democratic Revolutionary Alliance. Later, he split with Pastora, and joined the United Nicaraguan Opposition (UNO) with Arturo Cruz, and Adolfo Calero of the Nicaraguan Democratic Force. After UNO's collapse, he joined the directorate of the new Contra umbrella group, the Nicaraguan Resistance.\nDuring the political turmoil, Robelo's first marriage, to Indiana Cardenal Caldera, ended in divorce. They had four children: Indiana Margarita, Luis Alfonso (who died at a year and a half old), Eliza, and Alejandra. He remarried a Costa Rican.\nFollowing the Esquipulas accord, President Oscar Arias of Costa Rica announced in January 1988 that Contra leaders could no longer live in his country. With his pregnant wife opposing a move from Costa Rica, he resigned from the directorate in early February.\nThe post-Sandinista government of Violeta Chamorro appointed Robelo to be ambassador to Costa Rica. In 1993, he was taken hostage during a standoff at the embassy.\n\nFormer member of the RN Directorate. Politician, businessman. Born in Leon on October 11, 1939. Earned a degree in chemical engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Troy, N.Y.) in 1961. Rector of the University of Central America 1970\u20131972 and President of the Nicaraguan Chamber of Commerce until 1975. He then headed the Nicaraguan Development Institute, long active in the development of independent agricultural and small business cooperatives. Following the assassination of La Prensa editor Pedro Joaquin Chamorro, Robelo cofounded the Nicaraguan Democratic Movement, a social-democratic political party of businessmen, industrialists, and professionals opposed to the Somoza regime. A leader and main spokesman for FAO working openly against the Somoza regime, he was arrested and publicly labeled a \"subversive\" by Somoza. After the revolution Robelo was one of the five members of the original 1979 post-Somoza junta. Resigned in April 1980 because of the Marxist tendencies in the FSLN-dominated government and the growing Cuban influence in the country. Became President of the Democratic Coordinating Board. Harassed by the FSLN after his resignation from the junta and detained by the Sandinistas when he sought to travel abroad in 1982, he was finally forced into exile later that year, and his property was confiscated. In 1982, he joined with Ed\u00e9n Pastora and others in founding the ARDE, seeking to achieve the original democratic goals of the revolution. Robelo was elected to the Nicaraguan Resistance Directorate in May 1987. Resigned from the RN Directorate in January 1988.\nNicaraguan Biographies: A Resource Book (Special Report No. 174 ed.). United States Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs. January 1988. pp. 42\u201343.\n\nHe is a member of the Latino fraternity Phi Iota Alpha. The oldest inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Latino Americans.", "Q60996": "Christian Berkel (born 28 October 1957) is a German actor, internationally most known for Downfall, Inglourious Basterds, The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and Valkyrie.", "Q216856": "N.W.A (an abbreviation for Niggaz Wit Attitudes) was an American hip hop group from Compton, California. They were among the earliest and most significant popularizers and controversial figures of the gangsta rap subgenre, and are widely considered one of the greatest and most influential groups in the history of hip hop music.Active from 1987 to 1991, the rap group endured controversy owing to their music's explicit lyrics which many viewed as being misogynist, as well as to its glorification of drugs and crime. The group was subsequently banned from many mainstream American radio stations. In spite of this, the group has sold over 10 million units in the United States alone. Drawing on their own experiences of racism and excessive policing, the group made inherently political music. They were known for their deep hatred of the police system, which has sparked much controversy over the years.\nThe original lineup, formed in early 1987, consisted of Arabian Prince, Dr. Dre, Eazy-E, and Ice Cube. DJ Yella and MC Ren joined later that year. They released their first compilation album as a group in 1987 called N.W.A. and the Posse which peaked at #39 on Billboard magazine's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Arabian Prince left shortly after the release of their debut studio album, Straight Outta Compton, in 1988, with Ice Cube following suit in December of the following year. Eazy-E, Ice Cube, MC Ren and Dr. Dre would later become platinum-selling solo artists in their own right in the 1990s. Their debut album marked the beginning of the new gangsta rap era as the production and social commentary in their lyrics were revolutionary within the genre. N.W.A's second studio album, Niggaz4Life, was the first hardcore rap album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 sales charts.Rolling Stone ranked N.W.A number 83 on their list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\". In 2016, the group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, following three previous nominations.", "Q112336": "Gustav B\u00f6hrnsen (24 January 1914 \u2013 21 June 1998) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who served as chairman of the SPD group in the Parliament of Bremen (the B\u00fcrgerschaft) from 1968 to 1971. He was elected to the Parliament of Bremen in 1955 and served as deputy chair of his party group 1966\u20131968, before being elected chair.\nHe was originally a member of the SPD, but in the 1930s, he became a member of the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, the Young Communist League of Germany and the Communist Party of Germany. During the Nazi era, he was active in the anti-Nazi resistance, and was imprisoned from 1936 to 1939 as a political prisoner. In 1942, he was conscripted into the 999th Light Afrika Division, a penal military unit. He was taken prisoner of war by the Americans in 1943 and repatriated in 1946. After the war, he became a member of the SPD again and became active in the IG Metall union. He was elected chair of the works council of AG Weser, his employer, in 1951, and served in this capacity until 1979. The election of B\u00f6hrnsen, a social democrat, to this position, meant the communists were finally ousted from influence in the works council.He was the father of SPD politician Jens B\u00f6hrnsen, who would hold the same position as his father did and eventually become Mayor of Bremen.\nA street in Bremen-Gr\u00f6pelingen is named in his honour.", "Q31267": "Susanne Katharina Seiffart von Klettenberg (19 December 1723 \u2013 16 December 1774) was a German abbess and writer. She was a friend of Katharina Elisabeth Goethe, the mother of writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Klettenberg corresponded with Goethe, and he shaped a character, \"Beautiful Soul,\" after her in his novel Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship. She was also a friend of Friedrich Christoph Steinhofer (1706\u20131761), a former co-episcopus of the Moravian Church.", "Q5673513": "Harry Lewis Woods (May 5, 1889 \u2013 December 28, 1968) was an American film actor.Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Woods served in the military prior to becoming an actor. He appeared in nearly 250 films between 1923 and 1958. During his 35-year film career he acquired a reputation as a screen villain par excellence; his imposing size, powerful build, piercing eyes and snarling voice typed him as a bad guy to be reckoned with. He seldom played ordinary henchmen, usually cast as both the brains (the banker or saloon owner who secretly runs the bandit gang terrorizing the area) and the brawn behind the local villainy. He was well respected by his peers, another prime screen villain, Roy Barcroft, once said of him, \"Everything I know about being a bad guy I learned from Harry Woods.\" He enjoyed a long career in films before retiring in 1958, and he died in Los Angeles ten years later from uremia.\nHis son, Harry Lewis Woods, Jr., followed in his footsteps and acted in the 1940s and 1950s as Craig Woods.\n\n", "Q104554": "Reinhard Lettau (10 September 1929, Erfurt \u2013 17 June 1996, Karlsruhe) was a German-American writer. He never used his middle name, Adolf, if he could avoid it. He emigrated to the US in the middle of the 1950s and was a professor of German Literature at the University of California, San Diego from 1967 to 1991. He was an active member of the Group 47. He gave incendiary speeches at the Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin denouncing the Springer Press. He was thereupon expelled from West Germany because he was a foreigner\u2014he carried an American passport.\nHe returned to Germany in 1991 after German reunification. He received the War Blind Prize for radio plays in 1979, the Berlin Literature Prize in 1993, and the Bremen Literature Prize in 1995.\nHe had studied German, philosophy, and literature in Heidelberg and at Harvard. His dissertation at Harvard in 1960 was titled \"Utopie und Roman; Untersuchungen zur Form des deutschen utopischen Romans im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert.\", about utopian novels in the 20th century.\nHe was a member of the PEN-Zentrum in Germany, and of the Deutsche Akademie der Darstellenden K\u00fcnste. He was \"Poet in Residence\" at the University of Essen in German in the winter term 1979/1980.\nHe married Gene Carter in 1954; they had three daughters, Karin (1957), Kevyn (1959) and Kathy (1965), born just after he separated from his wife. They were divorced in 1968. He lived from 1965 in Berlin-Sch\u00f6neberg together with V\u00e9ronique Springer, the daughter of the Galerist Rudolf Springer. They were married in 1969 after moving to San Diego in 1967. They were divorced in 1972. He married Dawn Teborski in 1979. They returned to Berlin in 1991 after Lettau took early retirement in 1991 because of health problems. In 1996 he traveled to Karlsruhe for the 90th birthday of his mother. He was hospitalized after a fall and died there of pneumonia. He is buried in the Protestant Cemetery No. III of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church and New Church (Friedhof III der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde) at Mehringdamm No. 21 in Berlin-Kreuzberg.\nHis books include:\n\nSchwierigkeiten beim H\u00e4userbauen (1962)21 stories of the absurd, or rather, normal situations which become absurd\nAmerican edition: Obstacles, Transl.: Ursule Molinaro, New York: Pantheon Books, 1965.Auftritt Manigs (1963)51 short (usually less than one page) descriptions of Manig. We learn a lot about Manig, despite the extremely short but acutely precise observations. The first public reading of this book was at a meeting of the Gruppe 47 in Berlin October 25\u201328, 1962.Die Gruppe 47 - Bericht, Kritik, Polemik (1967)Lettau was both a member of the Gruppe 47 and a keen observer of its working. A group of writers would gather once a year to criticize each other's work. Gert R\u00fcckel describes a scene towards the end of the group's life in which Lettau speaks to a group of protesters.Feinde (1968)Three longer and three short stories. The main story, \"Der Feind\" is a collection of short, grotesque stories about the senseless absurdity of the military. The first public reading was at a meeting of the Gruppe 47 in Princeton/USA, April 22\u201324, 1966. Parts were also printed in Kursbuch 7 (1966)Immer k\u00fcrzer werdende Geschichten. Und Gedichte und Portr\u00e4ts. (1973)This is a collection of stories written between 1962 and 1968Fruehstuecksgespraeche im Miami (1977)Where do dictators go when they have been deposed? Well, to Miami, to await the news that they may return. Lettau imagines dictators meeting for breakfast and discussing business. 43 short breakfast discussions on topics ranging from avoiding assassination to the advantages of smoking. A radio play was written by Lettau and the director Walter Adler in the winter of 1978/79 and was produced in February 1979 by the SDR in Stuttgart.Zerstreutes Hinschauen - Vom Schreiben \u00fcber Vorg\u00e4nge in direkter N\u00e4he oder in der Entfernung von Schreibtischen (1980)35 short chapters (but long by Lettauesque standards) looking to Germany and to the problems caused by Lettau taking part in a demonstration in Berlin and being deported.Herr Strich schreitet zum \u00c4ussersten. Geschichten (1982)This title story was first published in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung on February 7, 1952. This is a collection of short stories that were published in diverse newspapers and literary journals.T\u00e4glicher Faschismus (1982)Lettau analyzes six months of selected newspaper articles from the USA and discusses the fascist tendencies that he sees in them. Topics are worker's problems, the student protests, press manipulation and racism.Zur Frage der Himmelsrichtungen (1988)What does East mean? Where is West? If you stand in San Francisco and look out over the ocean, you are looking at China and Russia - most certainly the East. If you are in Erfurt (or Berlin!) any way you look - North, South, East or West - is East. 52 short chapters.Flucht vor G\u00e4sten (1994)Lettau describes his return to Germany from America with his second wife, Dawn. Five chapters of unnumbered stories about terrible guests and about coming back to Germany.Waldst\u00fcck im AnsturmThis \"Noyaux\" (fruit pit) of a book that Lettau was working on at the time of his death and tentatively titled \"Gramercy Park\" was published in the Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung on November 7, 1995. Lettau read 10 pages for the NDR in Hanover on January 27, 1996.Reinhard Lettau's renovierter Rixdorfer RuebezahlA collection of 5 lines by Lettau about four wooden carving pictures and a leporello done for the IFA-Ferienpark Hohe Reuth in Sch\u00f6neck in the Vogtland, done with Uwe Bremer in the printer's shop Fachwerkstatt Rixdorfer Drucke where the Rixdorf group of artists gather every year to do a project together.Alle Geschichten (1998, posthum, Dawn Lettau and Hanspeter Kr\u00fcger, ed.)A collection of the most important prose stories Lettau published. The editors have tried to be faithful to Lettau's at times free orthography and his hatred of commas. As there were no fixed manuscripts but just piles and piles of notes sorted into folder, the editors had quite a lot of work compiling these stories. A second volume is planned. Includes a detailed timeline including the names of his dogs and the addresses at which he lived.Reisekosten Abrechnungen 1-7 Tage. Formularblock. (2004, posthum)This is listed in Amazon.de for 14,40 Euro, no mention of what this is. The company Stollwerk does publish a collection of forms to make it easy to keep track of travel expenses, so this might be a reprint of that, or it is a database error.", "Q980980": "Ekrem Jevri\u0107 (Cyrillic: \u0415\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0408\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0438\u045b, pronounced [\u011bkrem j\u011b\u02d0\u028brit\u0255]; born 25 October 1961 \u2013 4 March 2016) was a Montenegrin American singer and television personality based in Yonkers, New York. Recognized as an internet phenomenon by the BBC and The Independent, he rose to fame with his viral music video \"Ku\u0107a poso\" (House - Work) in 2010. The camp song, which has garnered over two million views during the first month and over 15 million overall, earned him instant popularity across former Yugoslavia.\n\n", "Q142501": "Raymond Charles Barrett (2 May 1927 \u2013 8 September 2009) was an Australian actor. During the 1960s, he was a leading actor on British television, where he was best known for his appearances in The Troubleshooters (1965\u20131971). From the 1970s, he appeared in lead and character roles in a number of Australian films and TV series.", "Q846119": "Psychedelic music (sometimes called psychedelia) is a wide range of popular music styles and genres influenced by 1960s psychedelia, a subculture of people who used psychedelic drugs such as LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, mescaline and DMT to experience visual and auditory hallucinations, synesthesia and altered states of consciousness. Psychedelic music may also aim to enhance the experience of using these drugs.\nPsychedelic music emerged during the 1960s among folk and rock bands in the United States and the United Kingdom, creating the subgenres of psychedelic folk, psychedelic rock, acid rock, and psychedelic pop before declining in the early 1970s. Numerous spiritual successors followed in the ensuing decades, including progressive rock, krautrock, and heavy metal. Since the 1970s, revivals have included psychedelic funk, neo-psychedelia, stoner rock and psychedelic hip hop, as well as psychedelic electronic music genres such as acid house, trance music, and new rave.", "Q68312": "Karl Eduard Robert Hartmann (October 8, 1832 \u2013 1893) was a German naturalist, anatomist and ethnographer.\n\n", "Q76892": "Friedrich Carl von Savigny (21 February 1779 \u2013 25 October 1861) was a German jurist and historian.", "Q68474": "Betten is a former municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Betten and Martisberg merged into the new municipality of Bettmeralp.", "Q541599": "Dolores Mary Eileen O'Riordan (; 6 September 1971 \u2013 15 January 2018) was an Irish musician, singer, and songwriter. She was best known as the lead vocalist for the alternative rock band The Cranberries from 1990 until they took a six-year hiatus starting in 2003. They later reunited in 2009, disbanding in 2019 following her death.O'Riordan's first solo album, Are You Listening?, was released in May 2007 and was followed up by No Baggage in August 2009. O'Riordan was known for her lilting mezzo-soprano voice, her emphasised use of keening, and her strong Limerick accent. She appeared as a judge on RT\u00c9's The Voice of Ireland during the 2013\u201314 season. In April 2014, O'Riordan joined and began recording new material with the trio D.A.R.K.", "Q817356": "Benito Stefanelli (2 September 1928 \u2013 December 1999) was an Italian film actor, stuntman and weapons master who made over 60 appearances in film between 1955 and 1991.\nStefanelli is best known in world cinema for his roles as henchmen in several of Sergio Leone's Spaghetti Western films, portraying gang members in the trilogy of films A Fistful of Dollars (1964), For a Few Dollars More (1965), and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966). He played the town drunk in Wanted (1967) starring Giuliano Gemma and Serge Marquand.In his career, Stefanelli appeared in countless other western films and he worked simultaneously as a stunt coordinator (particularly during the 1960s and early 1970s) on the films that he performed in including those of Sergio Leone. A fluent English speaker, he also reportedly served as Clint Eastwood's interpreter together with Bill Thompkins on the set of A Fistful of Dollars.", "Q583814": "Ricardo Piglia (November 24, 1941 in Adrogu\u00e9, Argentina \u2013 January 6, 2017 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine author, critic, and scholar best known for introducing hard-boiled fiction to the Argentine public.", "Q1535009": "The Golden Horseshoe is a secondary region of Southern Ontario, Canada, which lies at the western end of Lake Ontario, with outer boundaries stretching south to Lake Erie and north to Lake Scugog and Lake Simcoe. It includes the Greater Toronto Area. The region is the most densely populated and industrialized in Canada. With a population of 7,826,367 people in its core and 9,245,438 in its greater area, the Golden Horseshoe accounts for over 21 per cent of the population of Canada and more than 55 per cent of Ontario's population. It is part of the Quebec City\u2013Windsor Corridor and the Great Lakes Megalopolis.\nThe core of the Golden Horseshoe starts from Niagara Falls at the eastern end of the Niagara Peninsula and extends west, wrapping around the western end of Lake Ontario at Hamilton and then turning northeast to Toronto (on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario), before finally terminating at Oshawa. The term Greater Golden Horseshoe is used to describe a broader region that stretches inland from the core to the area of the Trent\u2013Severn Waterway, such as Peterborough, in the northeast, to Barrie and Lake Simcoe in the north, and to the Grand River area, including centres such as Brantford, Waterloo Region, and Guelph to the west. The extended region's area covers approximately 33,500 km2 (13,000 sq mi), out of this, 7,300 km2 (2,800 sq mi) or approximately 22 per cent of the area is covered by the environmentally protected Greenbelt. The Greater Golden Horseshoe forms the neck of the Ontario Peninsula.", "Q2918056": "Michel Roux, OBE ([mi.\u0283\u025bl \u0281u]; 19 April 1941 \u2013 11 March 2020), also known as Michel Roux Snr., was a French chef and restaurateur working in Britain. Along with his brother Albert, he opened Le Gavroche, later to become the first three Michelin starred restaurant in Britain, and The Waterside Inn, which was the first restaurant outside France to hold three stars for 25 years.\nRoux followed his brother into becoming a pastry chef, and again to England in order to open their first restaurant. Together they have been described as the \"godfathers of modern restaurant cuisine in the UK\", and Roux was inducted into several French orders, and received two lifetime achievement awards from different publications. He was decorated during a period of National Service for France during the 1960s.\nHe founded the Roux Brothers Scholarship along with Albert in 1984, and worked as a consultant for companies such as British Airways and Celebrity Cruises over the years. After he and his brother split the business in 1986, Roux took the Waterside Inn, which he handed over to his son, Alain, in 2002. He remained an active food writer and appeared on television shows such as Saturday Kitchen, MasterChef and the Roux family-centric series The Roux Legacy, and on the Woman's Hour programme on BBC Radio 4.", "Q717773": "The ba\u011flama (Turkish: ba\u011flama, from ba\u011flamak, \"to tie\", pronounced [ba\u02d0\u026ba\u02c8ma]) is a stringed musical instrument.\nIt is sometimes referred to as the saz, from the Persian \u0633\u0627\u0632\u200e, meaning an instrument. However, the term \"saz\" actually refers to a family of plucked string instruments, long-necked lutes used in Ottoman classical music, Turkish folk music, Azerbaijani music, Kurdish music, Assyrian music, Armenian music and in parts of Syria, Iraq and the Balkan countries.\nAccording to The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, \"the terms 'ba\u011flama' and 'saz' are used somewhat interchangeably in Turkey.\"\nLike the Western lute and the Middle-Eastern oud, it has a deep round back, but a much longer neck. It can be played with a plectrum or with a fingerpicking style known as \u015felpe.\nIn the music of Greece the name baglamas (Greek: \u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c2) is given to a treble bouzouki, a related instrument. The Turkish settlement of Anatolia from the late eleventh century onward saw the introduction of a two-string Turkmen dutar, which was played in some areas of Turkey until recent times.", "Q238215": "Natalie Anne Merchant (born October 26, 1963) is an American alternative rock singer-songwriter. She joined the folk rock band 10,000 Maniacs in 1981, and was lead vocalist and primary lyricist for the group. She remained with the group for their first seven albums and left it to begin her solo career in 1993. She has since released seven studio albums.", "Q454180": "Justin Keating (7 January 1930 \u2013 31 December 2009) was an Irish Labour Party politician, broadcaster, journalist, lecturer and veterinary surgeon. In later life he was president of the Humanist Association of Ireland.\nKeating was twice elected to D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann and served in Liam Cosgrave's cabinet as Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1973 to 1977. He also gained election to Seanad \u00c9ireann and was a Member of the European Parliament. He was considered part of a \"new wave\" of politicians at the time of his entry to the D\u00e1il.", "Q1368141": "Holt McCallany (born Holt Quinn McAloney; September 3, 1963) is an American actor, writer, and producer. He is known for portraying Bill Tench on the series Mindhunter (2017\u2013present) and has had several supporting roles in various television series and films.", "Q1297": "Chicago ( (listen), locally also ), officially the City of Chicago, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois, and the third-most-populous city in the United States. With an estimated population of 2,705,994 (2018), it is also the most populous city in the Midwestern United States. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, the second-most-populous county in the US, with a small portion of the northwest side of the city extending into DuPage County near O'Hare Airport. Chicago is the principal city of the Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland. At nearly 10 million people, the metropolitan area is the third most populous in the United States.\nLocated on the shores of freshwater Lake Michigan, Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-19th century. After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, which destroyed several square miles and left more than 100,000 homeless, the city made a concerted effort to rebuild. The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades, and by 1900, less than 30 years after the great fire, Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world. Chicago made noted contributions to urban planning and zoning standards, including new construction styles (including the Chicago School of architecture), the development of the City Beautiful Movement, and the steel-framed skyscraper.Chicago is an international hub for finance, culture, commerce, industry, education, technology, telecommunications, and transportation. It is the site of the creation of the first standardized futures contracts, issued by the Chicago Board of Trade, which today is the largest and most diverse derivatives market in the world, generating 20% of all volume in commodities and financial futures alone. Depending on the particular year, the city's O'Hare International Airport is routinely ranked as the world's fifth or sixth busiest airport according to tracked data by the Airports Council International. The region also has the largest number of federal highways and is the nation's railroad hub. Chicago was listed as an alpha global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and it ranked seventh in the entire world in the 2017 Global Cities Index. The Chicago area has one of the highest gross domestic products (GDP) in the world, generating $689 billion in 2018. In addition, the city has one of the world's most diversified and balanced economies, with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. Chicago is home to several Fortune 500 companies, including Allstate, Boeing, Exelon, Kraft Heinz, McDonald's, Mondelez International, Sears, United Airlines Holdings, and Walgreens.\nChicago's 58 million domestic and international visitors in 2018 made it the second most visited city in the nation, as compared with New York City's 65 million visitors in 2018. The city was ranked first in the 2018 Time Out City Life Index, a global quality of life survey of 15,000 people in 32 cities. Landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, the Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis (Sears) Tower, Grant Park, the Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicago's culture includes the visual arts, literature, film, theatre, comedy (especially improvisational comedy), food, and music, particularly jazz, blues, soul, hip-hop, gospel, and electronic dance music including house music. Of the area's many colleges and universities, the University of Chicago, Northwestern University, and the University of Illinois at Chicago are classified as \"highest research\" doctoral universities. Chicago has professional sports teams in each of the major professional leagues, including two Major League Baseball teams.", "Q233340": "Matteo Ricci (Italian pronunciation: [mat\u02c8t\u025b\u02d0o \u02c8ritt\u0283i]; Latin: Mattheus Riccius Maceratensis; 6 October 1552 \u2013 11 May 1610), was an Italian Jesuit priest and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China missions. His 1602 map of the world in Chinese characters introduced the findings of European exploration to East Asia. He is considered a Servant of God by the Catholic Church.\nRicci arrived at the Portuguese settlement of Macau in 1582 where he began his missionary work in China. He became the first European to enter the Forbidden City of Beijing in 1601 when invited by the Wanli Emperor, who sought his services in matters such as court astronomy and calendrical science. He converted several prominent Chinese officials to Catholicism, such as Xu Guangqi, who aided in translating Euclid's Elements into Chinese as well as the Confucian classics into Latin for the first time.", "Q116636": "Jonathan James \"Johnny\" Simmons (born November 28, 1986) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Dylan Baxter in Evan Almighty (2007), Chip Dove in Jennifer's Body (2009), \"Young Neil\" Nordegraf in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010), Brad Hayes in The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2012), Shane in Girlboss, and Peter Newmans in The Late Bloomer.", "Q65150": "Unterlunkhofen is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q193628": "Sofia Carmina Coppola (, Italian: [\u02c8k\u0254ppola]; born May 14, 1971) is an American screenwriter, director, producer, and former actress. The daughter of filmmakers Eleanor and Francis Ford Coppola, she made her film debut as an infant in her father's acclaimed crime drama film, The Godfather (1972). Coppola later appeared in a supporting role in Peggy Sue Got Married (1986) and portrayed Mary Corleone, the daughter of Michael Corleone, in The Godfather Part III (1990). Her performance in the latter was severely criticised, and she turned her attention to filmmaking.\nCoppola made her feature-length directorial debut with the coming-of-age drama The Virgin Suicides (1999). It was the first of her collaborations with actress Kirsten Dunst. In 2004, Coppola received the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the comedy-drama Lost in Translation and became the third woman to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director. In 2006, Coppola directed the historical drama Marie Antoinette, starring Dunst as the title character. In 2010, with the drama Somewhere, Coppola became the first American woman (and fourth American filmmaker) to win the Golden Lion, the top prize at the Venice Film Festival. In 2013, she directed the satirical crime film The Bling Ring, based on the crime ring of the same name which premiered at the Cannes Film Festival. \nAt the 2017 Cannes Film Festival, Coppola became the second woman in the festival's history to win the Best Director award, for the drama film The Beguiled.She is currently working on her next major motion picture, titled On the Rocks.", "Q906529": "John Bannister Goodenough ( GUUD-in-uf; born July 25, 1922) is an American materials scientist, a solid-state physicist, and a Nobel laureate in chemistry. He is a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at the University of Texas at Austin. He is widely credited with the identification and development of the lithium-ion battery, for developing the Goodenough\u2013Kanamori rules in determining the sign of the magnetic superexchange in materials, and for seminal developments in computer random access memory.\nGoodenough was born in Jena, Germany, to American parents. During and after graduating from Yale University, Goodenough served as a U.S. military meteorologist in World War II. He went on to obtain his Ph.D. in physics at the University of Chicago, became a researcher at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, and later the head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford. Since 1986, he has been a professor in the school of engineering at UT Austin. \nHe has been awarded the National Medal of Science, the Copley Medal, the Fermi Award, the Draper Prize, and the Japan Prize. The John B Goodenough Award in materials science is named for him. In 2019, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry alongside M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino, and, at 97 years old, became the oldest Nobel laureate in history.", "Q23105": "Staffordshire (; postal abbreviation Staffs.) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands of England. It borders Cheshire to the northwest, Derbyshire and Leicestershire to the east, Warwickshire to the southeast, West Midlands and Worcestershire to the south, and Shropshire to the west.\nThe largest settlement in Staffordshire is Stoke-on-Trent, which is administered as an independent unitary authority, separately from the rest of the county. Lichfield, a smaller settlement, is a cathedral city. Other major settlements include Stafford, Burton upon Trent, Cannock, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Rugeley, Leek, and Tamworth.\nSmaller towns include Stone, Cheadle, Uttoxeter, Burntwood/Chasetown, Eccleshall, Biddulph, Penkridge and the large villages of Wombourne, Kinver, Tutbury, Alrewas, Barton-under-Needwood, Stretton and Abbots Bromley. Cannock Chase AONB is within the county as well as parts of the National Forest and the Peak District national park.\nWolverhampton, Walsall, West Bromwich and Smethwick are within the historic county boundaries of Staffordshire, but since 1974 have been part of the West Midlands county.\nApart from Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire is divided into the districts of Cannock Chase, East Staffordshire, Lichfield, Newcastle-under-Lyme, South Staffordshire, Stafford, Staffordshire Moorlands, and Tamworth.", "Q659408": "Castaneda is a municipality in the Moesa Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q1196541": "Time of Eve (\u30a4\u30f4\u306e\u6642\u9593, Ivu no Jikan) is a six-episode ONA anime series created by Yasuhiro Yoshiura. Produced by Studio Rikka and DIRECTIONS, Inc., the series streamed on Yahoo! Japan from August 1, 2008 to September 18, 2009, with simulcasts by Crunchyroll. A theatrical version of Time of Eve premiered in Japan on March 6, 2010.", "Q361412": "Jason Patric (born June 17, 1966) is an American film, television and stage actor. He is known for his roles in films such as The Lost Boys, Rush, Sleepers, Geronimo: An American Legend, Your Friends & Neighbors, Narc, The Losers, The Alamo, and Speed 2: Cruise Control. His father was actor/playwright Jason Miller and his maternal grandfather was actor Jackie Gleason.", "Q3048336": "Eduardo Eurnekian (Armenian: \u0537\u0564\u0578\u0582\u0561\u0580\u0564\u0578 \u0537\u057c\u0576\u0565\u056f\u0575\u0561\u0576; born 1932) is an Argentine billionaire businessman of Armenian descent. As of June 2019, he is the fifth richest person in Argentina.", "Q223153": "The New Democracy (ND; Greek: \u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, Nea Dimokratia, IPA: [\u02c8nea \u00f0imokra\u02c8tia]) is a liberal-conservative political party in Greece. In modern Greek politics, New Democracy has been the main centre-right political party and one of the two major parties along with its historic rival, the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK). New Democracy and PASOK were created in the wake of the toppling of the military junta in 1974, and ruled Greece alternately for the previous four decades. Following the electoral decline of PASOK, New Democracy remained one of the two major parties in Greece, the other being the Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA).\nHaving spent four and a half years in opposition to SYRIZA's government, New Democracy regained its majority in the Hellenic Parliament and returned to government under Kyriakos Mitsotakis after the 2019 legislative election.\nThe traditional support of New Democracy comes from an electorate leaning to the right and conservatives. From a geographical perspective, its main support base is in the rural areas of Greece as well as the city centers of Athens and Thessaloniki. Its support is generally weak in areas like West Greece, Attica, Crete and the Aegean Islands. \nThe party was founded in 1974 by Konstantinos Karamanlis and in the same year it formed the first cabinet of the Third Hellenic Republic. New Democracy is a member of the European People's Party, the Centrist Democrat International and the International Democrat Union.", "Q429143": "K. S. Ravikumar (born 30 May 1958) is an Indian film director and actor, primarily working in Tamil cinema. In a career spanning around 25 years, he has directed some of the most recognisable and well-known Tamil films of all time and is considered one of the most popular film makers in Tamil cinema. He has directed numerous films ranging from comedy and drama to action thrillers.\nHe has directed 43 films.", "Q182725": "Etta James (born Jamesetta Hawkins; January 25, 1938 \u2013 January 20, 2012) was an American singer who performed in various genres, including blues, R&B, soul, rock and roll, jazz and gospel. Starting her career in 1954, she gained fame with hits such as \"The Wallflower\", \"At Last\", \"Tell Mama\", \"Something's Got a Hold on Me\", and \"I'd Rather Go Blind\". She faced a number of personal problems, including heroin addiction, severe physical abuse, and incarceration, before making a musical comeback in the late 1980s with the album Seven Year Itch.James's powerful, deep, earthy voice bridged the gap between rhythm and blues and rock and roll. She won six Grammy Awards and 17 Blues Music Awards. She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993, the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999 and the Blues Hall of Fame in 2001. Rolling Stone magazine ranked James number 22 on its list of the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time; she was also ranked number 62 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.", "Q235731": "Muriel Barbery (born 28 May 1969) is a French novelist and philosophy teacher. Her 2006 novel The Elegance of the Hedgehog quickly sold more than a million copies.", "Q52924": "Oscar II (Oscar Fredrik; 21 January 1829 \u2013 8 December 1907) was the King of Sweden from 1872 until his death, and was also the final King of Norway from the House of Bernadotte until being deposed in 1905.\nOscar II was King during a time when both Sweden and Norway were undergoing a period of industrialization and rapid technological progress. His reign also saw the gradual decline of the Union of Sweden and Norway, which culminated in its dissolution in 1905. He was subsequently succeeded as King of Norway by his grandnephew Prince Carl of Denmark under the regnal name Haakon VII, and as King of Sweden by his eldest son, Gustaf V.\nOscar II is the paternal great-great-grandfather of Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden since 1973. Harald V, King of Norway since 1991, is a great-grandson of Oscar II, through his third son Prince Carl, Duke of V\u00e4sterg\u00f6tland.", "Q797615": "Jewell Stovall, better known as Babe Stovall (October 14, 1907 \u2013 September 21, 1974), was an American Delta blues singer and guitarist.Stovall was born in Tylertown, Mississippi, United States, in 1907, the youngest of eleven children (thus his nickname \"Babe\"). He learned to play the guitar by the age of eight, and his guitar playing style was influenced by Tommy Johnson, whom he had met in Mississippi around 1930. In 1964, he relocated to New Orleans, Louisiana, where he entertained on the streets, and in cafes and galleries of the French Quarter. Stovall frequently took young white musicians under his wing as apprentice performers, teaching them traditional country blues songs and guitar techniques. He variously played his guitar at the back of his neck, and hollered his song lyrics loudly for all in the vicinity to hear. In 1964 he recorded an album for Verve, titled Babe Stovall (which was re-released in 1990 on CD), and undertook more recordings in 1966, released as The Babe Stovall Story. His later work with Bob West resulted in The Old Ace: Mississippi Blues & Religious Songs, which was released on Arcola (2003). He was credited by some as the character inspiration behind Jerry Jeff Walker's, \"Mr. Bojangles\".Stovall played on the college circuit, in addition to being the regular musician at the Dream Castel Bar on Frenchman Street, and The Quarum club in New Orleans.His death in 1974 was by natural causes.", "Q1689148": "For the songwriter, drummer of The Yardbirds, Renaissance (band), Illusion (UK band), see Jim McCarty.James William McCarty (born June 1, 1945) is an American blues rock guitarist from Detroit, Michigan. He has performed with Mitch Ryder and The Detroit Wheels, the Buddy Miles Express, Cactus, The Rockets, the Detroit Blues Band, and more recently, Mystery Train. Since about 2014 Jim McCarty has joined forces with Detroit blues guitarist/songwriter Kenny Parker in The Kenny Parker Band along with several other veteran Detroit blues/rock musicians. He also makes guest appearances with other Detroit bands, most notably for an annual pre New Year's Eve party at one of his favorite clubs, \"Callahan's\", with The Millionaires, a nine piece jump blues band.\nHe also recorded with Jimi Hendrix and Bob Seger. He plays in a heavy blues-rock style that has inspired fledgling guitar players for more than 40 years.\nIn an August 2006 interview on VH1 Classic, Ted Nugent remarked \"I'm the only guy in rock'n'roll that plays that hollow body jazz guitar and it's because in 1960 I saw Jimmy McCarty creating those big fat full chords like I do on \"Stranglehold\"; I learned that from Jimmy McCarty. Remember the name Jimmy McCarty. He is as important as Bo Diddley and Chuck Berry and Les Paul...a god on guitar.\"", "Q693301": "Mark Rolston (born December 7, 1956) is an American character actor, known for his supporting roles in popular films such as Aliens, Lethal Weapon 2, The Shawshank Redemption, The Departed and the Saw film series.", "Q233354": "Maria Ozawa (Japanese: \u5c0f\u6fa4 \u30de\u30ea\u30a2, Hepburn: Ozawa Maria, born January 8, 1986) is a Japanese actress, model and a former pornstar of Canadian and Japanese ancestry. Early in her career as a model, she also used the name Miyabi (Japanese: \u307f\u3084\u3073).", "Q45294": "Eugen Roth (January 24, 1895 in Munich \u2013 April 28, 1976 in Munich) was a Bavarian lyricist and poet who wrote mostly humorous verse.\nRoth was the son of the well-known Munich writer Hermann Roth. He volunteered for service in the First World War and was severely wounded. He studied history, art history, and philosophy and in 1922 he earned his doctorate degree. From 1927 to 1933, he was the editor of the M\u00fcnchner Neuesten Nachrichten (Newest Munich News). Especially beloved were his humorous poems.", "Q23111": "Suffolk () is an East Anglian county of historic origin in England. It has borders with Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south. The North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich; other important towns include Lowestoft, Bury St Edmunds, Newmarket, and Felixstowe, one of the largest container ports in Europe.The county is low-lying but it has quite a few hills (especially more to the west), and has largely arable land with the wetlands of the Broads in the north. The Suffolk Coast and Heaths are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.", "Q224628": "Eddy Cue (born Eduardo H. Cue; October 23, 1964) is Apple's senior vice president of Internet Software and Services, reporting to CEO Tim Cook. Cue oversees Apple's numerous content stores including the iTunes Store, the iBooks Store, and Apple Music, as well as Apple Pay, Siri (until 2017), Maps, iAd, iCloud services, and Apple's productivity and creativity apps. Cue testified in the antitrust case against Apple for conspiring on eBook pricing.", "Q503966": "Rob L. Cohen (born March 12, 1949) is an American director, producer, and screenwriter of film and television. Beginning his career as an executive producer at 20th Century Fox, Cohen produced and developed numerous high-profile film and television programs, including The Wiz, The Witches of Eastwick, and Light of Day, before concentrating full-time on directing in the 1990s. His directorial credits include action films such as xXx and the first The Fast and the Furious, along with fantasy films like Dragonheart and The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor.", "Q65144": "Inge Borkh (born Ingeborg Simon, 26 May 1921 \u2013 26 August 2018) was a German operatic dramatic soprano. She was first based in Switzerland, where she received international attention when she appeared in the first performance in German of Menotti's The Consul, in Basel, in 1951. In 1952, Borkh became a member of the Deutsche Oper Berlin and the Bavarian State Opera in Munich. She appeared at leading opera houses in Europe and the Americas, and at festivals such as Bayreuth and Salzburg. Trained first as an actress, she was admired for both singing and stage presence, especially in the Richard Strauss roles Salome and Elektra. She also performed in contemporary opera, such as the premiere of Josef Tal's Ashmedai in Hamburg in 1971. She recorded complete operas and recitals. She was awarded the Hans-Reinhart-Ring, the highest honour for theatre professionals in Switzerland.", "Q171861": "The Artist is a 2011 French comedy-drama film in the style of a black-and-white silent film or part-talkie. Written, directed, and co-edited by Michel Hazanavicius, and produced by Thomas Langmann, the film stars Jean Dujardin and B\u00e9r\u00e9nice Bejo. The story takes place in Hollywood, between 1927 and 1932, and focuses on the relationship between a rising young actress and an older silent film star as silent cinema falls out of fashion and is replaced by the \"talkies\".\nThe Artist received widespread critical acclaim and won many accolades. Dujardin won Best Actor at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival, where the film premiered. The film was nominated for six Golden Globes, the most of any 2011 film, and won three: Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy, Best Original Score, and Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for Dujardin. In January 2012, the film was nominated for twelve BAFTAs, the most of any film from 2011, and won seven, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor for Dujardin, and Best Original Screenplay for Hazanavicius.\nIt was nominated for ten Academy Awards and won five, including Best Picture, Best Director for Hazanavicius, and Best Actor for Dujardin, making him the first French actor ever to win in this category. It was also the first French-produced film to win Best Picture, and the first mainly silent film to win since 1927's Wings won at the 1st Academy Awards in 1929. It was also the first film presented in the 4:3 aspect ratio to win since 1953's From Here to Eternity. Additionally, it was the first black-and-white film to win since 1993's Schindler's List, though the latter contained limited colour sequences; it was the first 100% black-and-white film to win since 1960's The Apartment.\nIn France it was nominated for ten C\u00e9sar Awards, winning six, including Best Film, Best Director for Hazanavicius and Best Actress for Bejo. The Artist has received more awards than any other French film.", "Q328760": "Henri Marie Coand\u0103 (Romanian pronunciation: [\u0251\u0303\u02c8ri \u02c8ko\u032fand\u0259] (listen); 7 June 1886 \u2013 25 November 1972) was a Romanian inventor, aerodynamics pioneer, and builder of an experimental aircraft, the Coand\u0103-1910 described by Coand\u0103 in the mid-1950s as the world's first jet, a controversial claim disputed by some and supported by others. He invented a great number of devices, designed a \"flying saucer\" and discovered the Coand\u0103 effect of fluid dynamics.", "Q1381085": "Larry Vern Erickson (February 8, 1936 \u2013 October 8, 2013) was an American novelty song vocalist.", "Q52930": "Gustav III (24 January [O.S. 13 January] 1746 \u2013 29 March 1792)note on dates was King of Sweden from 1771 until his assassination in 1792. He was the eldest son of Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden and Queen Louise Ulrika (a sister of King Frederick the Great of Prussia), and a first cousin of Empress Catherine the Great of Russia by reason of their common descent from Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin, and his wife Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach.\nGustav was a vocal opponent of what he saw as the abuse of political privileges seized by the nobility since the death of King Charles XII. Seizing power from the government in a coup d'\u00e9tat, called the Swedish Revolution, in 1772 that ended the Age of Liberty, he initiated a campaign to restore a measure of Royal autocracy, which was completed by the Union and Security Act of 1789, which swept away most of the powers exercised by the Swedish Riksdag (parliament) during the Age of Liberty, but at the same time it opened up the government for all citizens, thereby breaking the privileges of the nobility.\nA bulwark of enlightened despotism, Gustav spent considerable public funds on cultural ventures, which were controversial among his critics, as well as military attempts to seize Norway with Russian aid, then a series of attempts to re-capture the Swedish Baltic dominions lost during the Great Northern War through the failed war with Russia. Nonetheless, his successful leadership in the Battle of Svensksund averted a complete military defeat and signified that Swedish military might was to be countenanced.\nAn admirer of Voltaire, Gustav legalized Catholic and Jewish presence in Sweden, and enacted wide-ranging reforms aimed at economic liberalism, social reform and the restriction, in many cases, of torture and capital punishment. The much-praised Freedom of the Press Act of 1766 was severely curtailed, however, by amendments in 1774 and 1792, effectively extinguishing independent media.Following the uprising against the French monarchy in 1789, Gustav pursued an alliance of princes aimed at crushing the insurrection and re-instating his French counterpart, King Louis XVI, offering Swedish military assistance as well as his leadership. In 1792 he was mortally wounded by a gunshot in the lower back during a masquerade ball as part of an aristocratic-parliamentary coup attempt, but managed to assume command and quell the uprising before succumbing to sepsis 13 days later, a period during which he received apologies from many of his political enemies. Gustav's immense powers were placed in the hands of a regency under his brother Prince Carl and Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm until his son and successor Gustav IV Adolf reached adulthood in 1796. The Gustavian autocracy thus survived until 1809, when his son was ousted in another coup d'\u00e9tat, which definitively established parliament as the dominant political power.\nA patron of the arts and benefactor of arts and literature, Gustav founded the Swedish Academy, created a national costume and had the Royal Swedish Opera built. In 1772 he founded the Royal Order of Vasa to acknowledge and reward those Swedes who had contributed to advances in the fields of agriculture, mining and commerce.\nIn 1777, Gustav III was the first formally neutral head of state in the world to recognize the United States during its war for independence from Great Britain. Swedish military forces were engaged by the thousands on the side of the colonists, largely through the French expedition force. Through the acquisition of Saint Barth\u00e9lemy in 1784, Gustav enabled the restoration, if symbolic, of Swedish overseas colonies in America, as well as great personal profits from the transatlantic slave trade.", "Q235725": "Brooke Smith (born May 22, 1967) is an American actress, known for her role as Dr. Erica Hahn on the ABC medical drama series Grey's Anatomy, and for her role as Catherine Martin in the 1991 horror film The Silence of the Lambs. Smith portrayed Sheriff Jane Greene on the A&E horror series Bates Motel.", "Q764789": "Gregory Scott Paul (born December 24, 1954) is an American freelance researcher, author and illustrator who works in paleontology, and more recently has examined sociology and theology. He is best known for his work and research on theropod dinosaurs and his detailed illustrations, both live and skeletal. Professionally investigating and restoring dinosaurs for three decades, Paul received an on-screen credit as dinosaur specialist on Jurassic Park and Discovery Channel's When Dinosaurs Roamed America and Dinosaur Planet. He is the author and illustrator of Predatory Dinosaurs of the World (1988), The Complete Illustrated Guide to Dinosaur Skeletons (1996), Dinosaurs of the Air (2001), The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2010), Gregory S. Paul's Dinosaur Coffee Table Book (2010), and editor of The Scientific American Book of Dinosaurs (2000).\nPaul's recent research on the interactions of religion and society has received international press and media coverage.", "Q273770": "Caroline Ducey (born Caroline Trousselard, March 2, 1976 in Sainte-Adresse) is a French actress, who has appeared in 34 films since 1994.\nOutside of her home country, she is best known for her controversial role in Catherine Breillat's 1999 film Romance, a role for which she was awarded the 2000 \u00c9toile d\u2019or de la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation f\u00e9minine (Gold Star) by l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie de la presse du cin\u00e9ma fran\u00e7ais. Ducey was nominated for the Prix Michel Simon film prize for Best Actress in Familles je vous hais (1997). In 2000, she was a member of the jury at the 22nd Moscow International Film Festival.", "Q297384": "Peter Jeremy William Huggins (3 November 1933 \u2013 12 September 1995), known professionally as Jeremy Brett, was an English actor. He played fictional detective Sherlock Holmes in four Granada TV series from 1984 to 1994 in all 41 episodes. His career spanned from stage, to television and film, to Shakespeare and musical theatre. He also played the smitten Freddy Eynsford-Hill in the 1964 Warner Bros. production of My Fair Lady.", "Q1006152": "Luciano De Crescenzo (Italian pronunciation: [lu\u02c8t\u0283a\u02d0no de kre\u0283\u02c8\u0283\u025bntso]; 18 August 1928 \u2013 18 July 2019) was an Italian writer, film actor, director and engineer.", "Q1691713": "Joel Frahm (born 1970) is an American jazz saxophonist.", "Q278625": "Vladimir Rudolfovich Solovyov (alternative spelling: Vladimir Rudolfovich Soloviev, Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0420\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0451\u0432) (born October 20, 1963 in Moscow, USSR) is a Russian journalist, TV and radio host. He graduated from the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys and completed a post-doc position at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations. Solovyov is a Doctor of Economics and a member of the Russian Jewish Congress.", "Q211693": "200 Motels is a 1971 American-British musical surrealist film cowritten by Frank Zappa and Tony Palmer and starring The Mothers of Invention, Theodore Bikel and Ringo Starr.A soundtrack album was released in the same year, with a slightly different selection of music.", "Q67753": "Carl Otto Robert Peter Paul Graebner (29 June 1871 in Aplerbeck \u2013 6 February 1933 in Berlin) was a German botanist.\nIn 1895 he obtained his doctorate in Berlin, successively working as an assistant and then as curator (1904) at the botanical gardens. During the 1890s he performed botanical investigations in Jerichower Land and Vorharz with Paul Ascherson (1834\u20131913).He later became a professor at the Botanical Garden and Museum in Berlin-Dahlem, from where he conducted floristic and phytogeographical research.", "Q270279": "Ic\u00edar Bolla\u00edn P\u00e9rez-M\u00ednguez (born 12 June 1967) is a Spanish actress, director and screenwriter.", "Q221750": "Les Sp\u00e9cialistes (French pronunciation: \u200b[le spesjalist]) is a 1985 French action film directed by Patrice Leconte.", "Q78673": "Karl Ludwig, Count of Ficquelmont (German: [\u02c8f\u026ak\u025bl\u02ccm\u0254nt]; French: Charles-Louis comte de Ficquelmont; March 23, 1777 \u2013 April 7, 1857) was an Austrian aristocrat, statesman and Field marshal of the Austrian Imperial army of French noble origin.", "Q57690": "Karl August Hanke (24 August 1903 \u2013 8 June 1945) was an official of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) during its rule over Germany and served as the last Reichsf\u00fchrer of the Schutzstaffel (SS). He served as governor (Gauleiter) of Lower Silesia from 1941 to 1945 and as the final Reichsf\u00fchrer-SS for a few weeks in 1945. He was shot and killed by Czech partisans on 8 June 1945.", "Q2608674": "Gregg Michael Gillis (born October 26, 1981), known by the stage name Girl Talk, is an American disc jockey who specializes in mashups and digital sampling. Gillis has released five LPs on the record label Illegal Art and EPs on both 333 and 12 Apostles. He was trained as an engineer.", "Q3330547": "A cronista is one who writes chronicles.", "Q2088549": "Juan Carlos Arteche G\u00f3mez (11 April 1957 \u2013 13 October 2010) was a Spanish footballer who played as a central defender.\nA player of imposing physical presence with great aerial ability, he spent 11 years of his professional career with Atl\u00e9tico Madrid, appearing in nearly 400 competitive games for the club.", "Q61322": "Mario Adorf (born 8 September 1930) is a German actor, considered to be one of the great veteran character actors of European cinema. Since 1954, he has played both leading and supporting roles in over 200 film and television productions, among them the 1979 Oscar-winning film The Tin Drum. He is also the author of several successful mostly autobiographical books.", "Q113982": "Axel Gedaschko, (born 1959) is a German politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union.\nGedaschko was born 1959 in Hamburg and is father of two children. He studied law at the University of Hamburg and G\u00f6ttingen.Since 2008 Gedaschko is state minister of Economic Affairs and Employment in Hamburg.", "Q1562145": "\"Spider\" John Koerner (born August 31, 1938, in Rochester, New York, United States) is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He is best known as a guitarist and vocalist in the blues trio Koerner, Ray & Glover, with Dave Ray and Tony Glover. He has also made albums as a solo performer and with Willie Murphy.", "Q57848": "Rudolf Hilferding (10 August 1877 \u2013 11 February 1941) was an Austrian-born Marxist economist, leading socialist theorist, politician and chief theoretician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) during the Weimar Republic, almost universally recognized as the SPD's foremost theoretician of his century, and a physician.He was born in Vienna, where he received a doctorate having studied medicine. After becoming a leading journalist for the SPD, he participated in the November Revolution in Germany and was Finance Minister of Germany in 1923 and from 1928 to 1929. In 1933 he fled into exile, living in Zurich and then Paris, where he died in custody of the Gestapo in 1941.Hilferding was a proponent of the \"economic\" reading of Karl Marx identifying with the \"Austro-Marxian\" group. He was the first to put forward the theory of organized capitalism. He was the main defender of Marxism from critiques by Austrian School economist and fellow Vienna resident Eugen Boehm von Bawerk. Hilferding also participated in the \"Crises Debate\" \u2013 disputing Marx's theory of the instability and eventual breakdown of capitalism on the basis that the concentration of capital is actually stabilizing. He edited leading publications such as Vorw\u00e4rts, Die Freiheit, and Die Gesellschaft. His most famous work was Das Finanzkapital (Finance capital), one of the most influential and original contributions to Marxist economics with substantial influence on Marxist writers such as Vladimir Lenin and Nikolai Bukharin influencing his writings on imperialism.", "Q295593": "Lionel Barrymore (born Lionel Herbert Blythe; April 28, 1878 \u2013 November 15, 1954) was an American actor of stage, screen and radio as well as a film director. He won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in A Free Soul (1931), and remains best known to modern audiences for the role of villainous Mr. Potter in Frank Capra's 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life. \nHe is also particularly remembered as Ebenezer Scrooge in annual broadcasts of A Christmas Carol during his last two decades. He is also known for playing Dr. Leonard Gillespie in MGM's nine Dr. Kildare films, a role he reprised in a further six films focussing solely on Gillespie and in a radio series entitled The Story of Dr. Kildare. He was a member of the theatrical Barrymore family.", "Q144164": "Beaumont Newhall (June 22, 1908 \u2013 February 26, 1993) was an American curator, art historian, writer, photographer, and the second director of the George Eastman Museum. His book The History of Photography remains one of the most significant accounts in the field and has become a classic photographic history textbook. Newhall was the recipient of numerous awards and accolades for his accomplishments in the study of photo history.", "Q3436379": "Robert Marie Georges S\u00e9n\u00e9chal (5 May 1892 \u2013 30 July 1985) was a French industrialist/motor manufacturer, racing driver and pilot, noted for the car company bearing his name and for being the winner of the first-ever British Grand Prix.", "Q380834": "Kenneth Wayne Shamrock (n\u00e9 Kilpatrick; born February 11, 1964) is an American bare-knuckle boxing promoter, semi-retired professional wrestler, and retired mixed martial artist and kickboxer, currently signed with Impact Wrestling. A UFC Hall of Fame member, Shamrock is widely regarded as one of the biggest stars in the history of MMA, as well as an icon and pioneer of the sport. He has headlined over 15 main events and co-main events in the UFC and Pride FC and set numerous pay-per-view records. In the early part of his UFC career, Shamrock was named \"The World's Most Dangerous Man\" by ABC News in a special called \"The World's Most Dangerous Things\". The moniker has stuck as his nickname.\nShamrock became known early on in the UFC for his rivalry with Royce Gracie. After fighting to a draw in the inaugural UFC \"Superfight\", he became the first UFC Superfight Champion when he defeated Dan Severn at UFC 6; the title was eventually replaced by the UFC Heavyweight Championship when weight categories were introduced to the UFC. He was also the first foreign MMA Champion in Japan, winning the title of King of Pancrase. During his reign as the UFC Superfight Champion, he was widely considered the #1 mixed martial artist in the world. In 2008, Shamrock was ranked by Inside MMA as one of the top 10 greatest mixed martial arts fighters of all time. He is the founder of the Lion's Den mixed martial arts training camp, and is the older brother of Frank Shamrock.\nIn addition to his mixed martial arts career, Shamrock enjoyed considerable success in professional wrestling, particularly during his tenure with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now the WWE). There, he is a one-time Intercontinental Champion, a one-time World Tag Team Champion and the 1998 King of the Ring. Shamrock also wrestled for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, where he is a one-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion - the first world champion under the TNA banner - and a 2002 Gauntlet for the Gold winner. He headlined multiple pay-per-view events in both promotions, including 1997's D-Generation X: In Your House, where he challenged for the WWF Championship. Additionally, Shamrock was also one of the first American wrestlers to use the shoot wrestling style. WWE has credited Shamrock with popularizing the ankle lock submission hold.", "Q237654": "Lisa Anne Loeb (; born March 11, 1968) is an American singer-songwriter, producer, touring artist, actress, author, and philanthropist who started her career with the platinum-selling number 1 hit song, \"Stay (I Missed You)\" from the film Reality Bites, the first number 1 single for an artist without a recording contract. Her studio albums include two back-to-back albums that were certified Gold; these were Tails and the Grammy-nominated Firecracker.Loeb's film, television and voice-over work includes a guest starring role in the season finale of Gossip Girl, and she starred in two other television series, Dweezil & Lisa, a weekly culinary adventure for the Food Network that featured her alongside Dweezil Zappa, and Number 1 Single on E! Entertainment Television. She has also acted in such films as House on Haunted Hill, Fright Night, Hot Tub Time Machine 2, and Helicopter Mom.Loeb has released award-winning children's CDs and books such as Catch the Moon, Lisa Loeb's Silly Sing-Along: The Disappointing Pancake and Other Zany Songs, and Songs for Movin' and Shakin', Nursery Rhyme Parade! is her album and long-form video of over 30 children's favorites. She co-wrote the lyrics and co-composed the music to Camp Kappawanna, a family musical that was premiered in New York on March 21, 2015, by the Atlantic Theater Company. Loeb's latest album, Feel What U Feel was released in October 2016.In 2010, she founded the Lisa Loeb Eyewear Collection, which is based on her own designs. In addition, she created The Camp Lisa Foundation, a non-profit that sends kids to camp. It is funded by Loeb's own organic and fair trade coffee, Wake Up! Brew. She was honored as the 2015 Camp Champion by the American Camp Association (ACA). She constructed a crossword puzzle with Doug Peterson for The New York Times, which was published on June 6, 2017.", "Q27411": "Scream is a 1996 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson. The film stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, Matthew Lillard, Rose McGowan, Skeet Ulrich, and Drew Barrymore. Released on December 20, 1996, it follows the character of Sidney Prescott (Campbell), a high school student in the fictional town of Woodsboro, California, who becomes the target of a mysterious killer in a Halloween costume known as Ghostface. The film combines black comedy and \"whodunit\" mystery with the violence of the slasher genre to satirize the clich\u00e9s of the horror movie genre popularized in films such as Halloween (1978), Friday the 13th (1980) and Craven's own A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984). Scream was considered unique at the time of its release for featuring characters who were aware of real-world horror films and openly discussed the clich\u00e9s that the film attempted to subvert.\nInspired by the real-life case of the Gainesville Ripper, Scream was influenced by Williamson's passion for horror films, especially Halloween (1978). The script, originally titled Scary Movie, was bought by Dimension Films and was retitled by the Weinstein Brothers just before filming was complete. The production faced censorship issues with the Motion Picture Association of America and obstacles from locals while filming on location. The film received positive reviews and was a financial success, earning $173 million worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing slasher film until the release of Halloween (2018). It still remains the highest-grossing slasher film in adjusted dollars. It received several awards and award nominations. The soundtrack by Marco Beltrami was also acclaimed, and was cited as \"[one] of the most intriguing horror scores composed in years\". It has since earned \"cult status\". Scream marked a change in the genre as it cast already-established and successful actors, which was considered to have helped it find a wider audience, including a significant female viewership.\nScream was credited with revitalizing the horror genre in the 1990s, which was considered to be almost dead following an influx of direct-to-video titles and numerous sequels to established horror franchises of the 1970s and 1980s. These sequels drew decreasing financial and critical success, as they exploited clich\u00e9s upon which films in the genre had become reliant. Scream's success spawned a series of sequels, though only Scream 2, released in 1997, achieved a level of commercial and critical success equal to the original film. In the years following the release of Scream, the film was accused of inspiring and even inducing violent crimes and murders.", "Q1159442": "Andr\u00e1s Lovasi (born 20 June 1967) is a Hungarian singer, songwriter and musician. He was the lead singer of alternative rock group Kisp\u00e1l \u00e9s a Borz from 1987 to 2010. Currently, he is the lead vocalist of Kiscsillag.\nIn 2008, he co-founded the annual Fishing on Orf\u0171 music festival. In 2010, Lovasi received the Kossuth Prize, the most prestigious cultural award in Hungary.\n\n", "Q77226": "Bernhard Kellermann (March 4, 1879, F\u00fcrth, Kingdom of Bavaria \u2013 October 17, 1951) was a German author and poet.", "Q173910": "Jack Lee Ging (born November 30, 1931 in Alva, Oklahoma) is an American actor, best known as General Harlan \"Bull\" Fulbright on NBC's television adventure series The A-Team.", "Q282951": "Stefania Casini (born 4 September 1948) is an Italian actress, screenwriter, director, and producer. She received two David di Donatello Award nominations for her work in the 1983 film Lontano da dove.", "Q267063": "Carry On Loving is a 1970 British comedy film, the 20th release in the series of 31 Carry On films (1958\u20131992). It features series regulars Sid James, Kenneth Williams, Charles Hawtrey, Joan Sims, Hattie Jacques, Terry Scott and Bernard Bresslaw alongside newcomers Richard O'Callaghan (in his first Carry On) and Imogen Hassall (in her only Carry On role). The dialogue veers toward open bawdiness rather than the evasive innuendo characteristic of the earlier films in the series. There are fictitious locations named for their sexual innuendo, including 'Much-Snogging-On-The-Green', 'Rogerham Mansions' and 'Dunham Road'.", "Q104540": "Eduard Wald (10 March 1905 \u2013 5 November 1978) was a Communist politician, trade unionist and member of the German Resistance against Nazism.", "Q78115": "Jenny Elvers (during her marriage from 2003 to 2013 Jenny Elvers-Elbertzhagen), (born 11 May 1972) is a German actress and hostess.\nShe studied acting in Berlin, Hamburg and\nChicago, and has worked as an actress and hostess since the early 1990s. She was married to her agent.\n\n", "Q740159": "Sabaton is a Swedish power metal band from Falun. The band's main lyrical themes are based on war, historical battles, and acts of heroism\u2014the name is a reference to a sabaton, knight's foot armor. The armor and battle theme is heard in the albums Primo Victoria, Attero Dominatus, The Art of War, Coat of Arms, Carolus Rex, Heroes, The Last Stand, and The Great War in which most of the songs contain these motifs. Their latest album, The Great War, was released on 19 July 2019, with the songs all being based on World War I. Lyrical content drawn from World War I, World War II and other historical conflicts is prevalent and lyrics often recite stories of heroic deeds by men, women, and armies.\nIn December 2015, five songs by the band were added to the third external music pack for the strategy game Europa Universalis IV by Paradox Interactive.\nOn 6 June 2016, the 72nd anniversary of D-Day, they released a music pack for the Paradox game Hearts of Iron IV with songs based on World War II, the theme of the game. They released a second on 26 January 2017.", "Q67035": "Bedretto is a municipality and a village in the Val Bedretto, the upper most part of the river Ticino. It belongs to the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q180898": "Zeuthen is a municipality in the district of Dahme-Spreewald in Brandenburg in Germany.", "Q675848": "The University of Zagreb (Croatian: Sveu\u010dili\u0161te u Zagrebu, pronounced [s\u028be\u01d4t\u0361\u0283ili\u02d0\u0283te u z\u01ce\u02d0grebu]; Latin: Universitas Studiorum Zagrabiensis) is the largest Croatian university and the oldest continuously operating university in the area covering Central Europe south of Vienna and all of Southeastern Europe.The history of the University began on September 23, 1669, when the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I issued a decree granting the establishment of the Jesuit Academy of the Royal Free City of Zagreb. The decree was accepted at the Council of the Croatian Kingdom on November 3, 1671. The Academy was run by the Jesuits for more than a century until the order was dissolved by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. In 1776, Empress Maria Theresa issued a decree founding the Royal Academy of Science which succeeded the previous Jesuit Academy. Bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer proposed the founding of a University to the Croatian Parliament in 1861. Emperor Franz Joseph signed the decree on the establishment of the University of Zagreb in 1869. The Act of Founding was passed by the Parliament in 1874, and was ratified by the Emperor on January 5, 1874. On October 19, 1874, the Royal University of Franz Joseph I was officially opened.\nThe University is composed of 29 faculties, 3 art academies and 1 university center with more than 70,000 students. The University is as of 2018 at the 463rd place out of 1000 on the list of Universities of the world made by the Center for University World Rankings.", "Q70549": "La Praz is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q687406": "The sarod or sarode is a stringed instrument, used mainly in Hindustani music on the Indian subcontinent. Along with the sitar, it is among the most popular and prominent instruments. The sarod is known for a deep, weighty, introspective sound, in contrast with the sweet, overtone-rich texture of the sitar, with sympathetic strings that give it a resonant, reverberant quality. It is a fretless instrument able to produce the continuous slides between notes known as meend (glissandi), which are important in Indian music.", "Q434106": "Marinella (Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1) (born 20 May 1938, Thessaloniki) is one of the most popular Greek singers whose career has spanned several decades. She has sung professionally since 1957. Since the beginning of her career, she has released 66 solo albums and has been featured on albums by other musicians.", "Q96972": "Hans Maria Clemens Franz Konstantin Freiherr (from 1911, Graf) von Podewils-D\u00fcrniz (17 January 1850 \u2013 14 March 1922) was a Bavarian politician who served as Minister-President of Bavaria 1903\u20131912.", "Q167965": "John Hall Fulton (1792 \u2013 January 28, 1836) was a nineteenth-century politician and lawyer from Virginia. He was the brother of Andrew S. Fulton.", "Q182057": "Paul Lukas (born P\u00e1l Luk\u00e1cs; May 26, 1894 \u2013 August 15, 1971) was a Hungarian actor. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film Watch on the Rhine (1943), reprising the role he created on the Broadway stage.", "Q2238226": "Palmetto Records is an independent American jazz record company and label in New York City founded in 1990 by guitarist Matt Balitsaris.Issues began with those by Balitsaris, then Greg Hatza in 1993. Eventually it added to its catalogue Peter Bernstein, Joel Frahm, Larry Goldings, Andrew Hill, Cecil McBee, Dewey Redman, and Matt Wilson.Balitsaris retired from music and began working for Fonkoze, a charity in Haiti. He was chairman of the board until 2015.", "Q1239468": "Donald Wesley Reno (February 21, 1926 \u2013 October 16, 1984) was an American bluegrass and country musician best known as a banjo player in partnership with Red Smiley, and later with guitarist Bill Harrell.", "Q109064": "Michael Helding (1506 \u2013 30 September 1561) was a Roman Catholic bishop, scholar, writer and humanist. He is also known by his pen-name of Sidonius.\n\n", "Q714508": "H\u00e5kan Juholt (born 16 September 1962) is a Swedish politician who was Leader of the Social Democrats from 2011 to 2012. He was member of the Swedish parliament from 1994 to 2016, representing Kalmar l\u00e4n. Juholt serves as Sweden's Ambassador to the Republic of Iceland since September 2017.\n\n", "Q3990137": "The Young Pioneers is a three-episode ABC western television series starring Linda Purl and Roger Kern in the role of young newlyweds Molly and David Beaton, who settle in the Dakota Territory during the 1870s. The program was based on novels of Rose Wilder Lane, daughter of Laura Ingalls Wilder. The Young Pioneers aired at 7 p.m. Eastern on Sundays on April 2, 9, and 16, 1978.The recurring cast included Robert Hays as Dan Gray, Robert Donner as Mr. Peters, Mare Winningham as Nettie Peters, Michelle Stacy as Flora Peters, and Jeff Cotler as Charlie Peters. A Martinez portrayed the Indian Circling Hawk. Geno Silva played another Indian, Fool's Crow.The episodes are entitled \"Sky in the Window\", \"A Kite for Charlie\", and \"The Promise of Spring\".", "Q275467": "Marjorie Armstrong Post (born November 4, 1950) is an American actress, known for her roles as bail bondswoman Terri Michaels in The Fall Guy on ABC from 1982 to 1985, as public defender Christine Sullivan on the NBC sitcom Night Court from 1985 to 1992, and as Georgie Anne Lahti Hartman on the CBS sitcom Hearts Afire from 1992 to 1995.", "Q202837": "Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to pump effectively. Signs include loss of consciousness and abnormal or absent breathing. Some individuals may experience chest pain, shortness of breath, or nausea before cardiac arrest. If not treated within minutes, it typically leads to death.The most common cause of cardiac arrest is coronary artery disease. Less common causes include major blood loss, lack of oxygen, very low potassium, heart failure, and intense physical exercise. A number of inherited disorders may also increase the risk including long QT syndrome. The initial heart rhythm is most often ventricular fibrillation. The diagnosis is confirmed by finding no pulse. While a cardiac arrest may be caused by heart attack or heart failure, these are not the same.Prevention includes not smoking, physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight. Treatment for cardiac arrest includes immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and, if a shockable rhythm is present, defibrillation. Among those who survive, targeted temperature management may improve outcomes. An implantable cardiac defibrillator may be placed to reduce the chance of death from recurrence.In the United States, approximately 535,000 cases occur a year. About 13 per 10,000 people (326,000 or 61%) experience cardiac arrest outside of a hospital setting, while 209,000 (39%) occur within a hospital. Cardiac arrest becomes more common with age. It affects males more often than females. The percentage of people who survive with treatment is about 8%. Many who survive have significant disability. However, many American television programs have portrayed unrealistically high survival rates of 67%.", "Q214066": "Peter Zinner (July 24, 1919 \u2013 November 13, 2007) was an Austrian-born American filmmaker who worked as a film editor, sound editor, and producer. Following nearly fifteen years of uncredited work as an assistant sound editor, Zinner received credits on more than fifty films from 1959 - 2006. His most influential films are likely The Godfather and The Godfather Part II, both of which appear on a 2012 listing of the 75 best edited films of all time compiled by the Motion Picture Editors Guild.", "Q724420": "Magdalena Majewska (born 27 July 1963 in Pabianice) is a Polish journalist. \nSince 1987 she works for TVP \u0141\u00f3d\u017a.", "Q1363955": "Josef Dahmen (21 August 1903 \u2013 18 January 1985) was a German stage, film and television actor.Dahmen was married to the actress Gisela von Collande, with whom he had a daughter Andrea Dahmen. His granddaughter Julia Dahmen is also an actress. Dahmen had a vague resemblance to Hungarian actor Peter Lorre.\n\n", "Q23844": "George Timothy Clooney (born May 6, 1961) is an American actor, director, producer and filmmaker. He is the recipient of three Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards, one for acting in Syriana (2006) and the other for co-producing Argo (2012). In 2018, he was the recipient of the AFI Lifetime Achievement Award.Clooney made his acting debut on television in 1978, and later gained wide recognition in his role as Dr. Doug Ross on the medical drama ER from 1994 to 1999, for which he received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. While working on ER, he began attracting a variety of leading roles in films, with his breakthrough role in From Dusk till Dawn (1996), and the crime comedy Out of Sight (1998), in which he first worked with director Steven Soderbergh, who would become a long-time collaborator. In 1999, he took the lead role in Three Kings, a well-received war satire set during the Gulf War.\nIn 2001, Clooney's fame widened with the release of his biggest commercial success, the heist comedy remake Ocean's Eleven, the first of what became a trilogy, starring Clooney. He made his directorial debut a year later with the biographical spy comedy Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, and has since directed the historical drama Good Night, and Good Luck (2005), the sports comedy Leatherheads (2008), the political drama The Ides of March (2011), and the war film The Monuments Men (2014). Clooney won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the Middle East thriller Syriana (2005), and subsequently earned Best Actor nominations for the legal thriller Michael Clayton (2007) and the comedy-dramas Up in the Air (2009) and The Descendants (2011). In 2013, he received the Academy Award for Best Picture for producing the political thriller Argo. He has been nominated for Oscars in six different categories, a record he shares with Walt Disney.In 2009, Clooney was included in Time's annual Time 100 as one of the \"Most Influential People in the World\". He is also noted for his political and economic activism, and has served as one of the United Nations Messengers of Peace since January 31, 2008. Clooney is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He is married to human rights lawyer Amal Clooney.", "Q1593157": "Jim Norton (born 4 January 1938) is an Irish stage, film and television character actor, known for his work in the theatre, most notably in Conor McPherson's The Seafarer, and on television as Bishop Brennan in the sitcom Father Ted.", "Q3442413": "Gunnar Tallberg (December 23, 1881 \u2013 August 27, 1931) was a Finnish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.\nHe was a crew member of the Finnish boat Lucky Girl, which won the bronze medal in the 8 metre class.", "Q11148": "The Guardian is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as The Manchester Guardian, and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers The Observer and The Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust. The trust was created in 1936 to \"secure the financial and editorial independence of The Guardian in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of The Guardian free from commercial or political interference\". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for The Guardian the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders.The editor in chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. Since 2018, the paper's main newsprint sections have been published in tabloid format. As of November 2019, its print edition had a daily circulation of 129,053. The newspaper has an online edition, TheGuardian.com, as well as two international websites, Guardian Australia (founded in 2013) and Guardian US (founded in 2011). The paper's readership is generally on the mainstream left of British political opinion, and its reputation as a platform for liberal and left-wing editorial has led to the use of the \"Guardian reader\" and \"Guardianista\" as often-pejorative epithets for those of left-leaning or \"politically correct\" tendencies. Frequent typographical errors during the age of manual typesetting led Private Eye magazine to dub the paper the \"Grauniad\" in the 1960s, a nickname still used today.In an Ipsos MORI research poll in September 2018 designed to interrogate the public's trust of specific titles online, The Guardian scored highest for digital-content news, with 84% of readers agreeing that they \"trust what [they] see in it\". A December 2018 report of a poll by the Publishers Audience Measurement Company (PAMCo) stated that the paper's print edition was found to be the most trusted in the UK in the period from October 2017 to September 2018. It was also reported to be the most-read of the UK's \"quality newsbrands\", including digital editions; other \"quality\" brands included The Times, The Daily Telegraph, The Independent, and the i. While The Guardian's print circulation is in decline, the report indicated that news from The Guardian, including that reported online, reaches more than 23 million UK adults each month.Chief among the notable \"scoops\" obtained by the paper was the 2011 News International phone-hacking scandal\u2014and in particular the hacking of the murdered English teenager Milly Dowler's phone. The investigation led to the closure of the News of the World, the UK's best-selling Sunday newspaper and one of the highest-circulation newspapers in history. In June 2013, The Guardian broke news of the secret collection by the Obama administration of Verizon telephone records, and subsequently revealed the existence of the surveillance program PRISM after knowledge of it was leaked to the paper by the whistleblower and former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. In 2016, The Guardian led an investigation into the Panama Papers, exposing then-Prime Minister David Cameron's links to offshore bank accounts. It has been named \"newspaper of the year\" four times at the annual British Press Awards: most recently in 2014, for its reporting on government surveillance.", "Q312365": "Giuliano da Sangallo (c. 1445 \u2013 1516) was an Italian sculptor, architect and military engineer active during the Italian Renaissance. He is known primarily for being the favored architect of Lorenzo de' Medici, his patron. In this role, Giuliano designed a villa for Lorenzo as well as a monastery for Augustinians and a church where a miracle was said to have taken place. Additionally, Giuliano was commissioned to build multiple structures for Pope Julius II and Pope Leo X. Leon Battista Alberti and Filippo Brunelleschi heavily influenced Sangallo and in turn, he influenced other important Renaissance figures such as Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, his brother Antonio da Sangallo the Elder, and his sons, Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and Francesco da Sangallo.", "Q1099841": "David \"Clem\" Clempson (born 5 September 1949 in Tamworth, Staffordshire, England) is an English rock guitarist who has played as a member in a number of bands including Colosseum and Humble Pie.", "Q879316": "Henry Wheaton (November 27, 1785 \u2013 March 11, 1848) was a United States lawyer, jurist and diplomat. He was the third reporter of decisions for the United States Supreme Court, the first U.S. minister to Denmark, and the second U.S. minister to Prussia.\n\n", "Q40461": "Bachata is a genre of Latin America music that originated in the Dominican Republic in the first half of the 20th century with primarily African rhythms and also remnants of Indigenous and European musical elements, much representative of the cultural diversity of the Dominican Republic population .The first recorded compositions of Bachata were done by Jos\u00e9 Manuel Calder\u00f3n from the Dominican Republic. Bachata originates from Bolero and Son (and later, from the mid 1980s, Merengue). The original term used to name the genre was amargue (\"bitterness\", \"bitter music\", or \"blues music\"), until the rather ambiguous (and mood-neutral) term bachata became popular. The form of dance, bachata, also developed with the music.", "Q595737": "Joshua Lomberger (born November 25, 1980) better known by the ring name Josh Mathews, is an American professional wrestling play by play commentator and former professional wrestler, currently signed to Impact Wrestling. He is perhaps best known for his tenure with WWE.", "Q218884": "Cheryl Ladd (born Cheryl Jean Stoppelmoor; July 12, 1951) is an American actress, singer and author best known for her role as Kris Munroe in the ABC television series Charlie's Angels in which she was hired for its second season in 1977 to replace Farrah Fawcett-Majors. Ladd remained on the show until its cancellation in 1981. Her film roles include Purple Hearts (1984), Millennium (1989), Poison Ivy (1992), Permanent Midnight (1998), and Unforgettable (2017).", "Q145291": "Kanysh Imantayuli Satbayev (Kazakh: \u049a\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0448 \u0418\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0439\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u0421\u04d9\u0442\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432, Qanysh Imanta\u0131uli S\u00e1tbaev; Russian: \u041a\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0301\u0448 \u0418\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u0442\u043f\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432, Kanysh Imantaevich Satpaev) (April 11, 1899 \u2013 January 31, 1964) is one of the founders of Soviet metallogeny, principal advocate and the first president of Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences.\n\n", "Q28911": "Lahti (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8l\u0251hti]; Swedish: Lahtis) is a city and municipality in Finland.\nLahti is the capital of the region of P\u00e4ij\u00e4nne Tavastia (P\u00e4ij\u00e4t-H\u00e4me). It is situated on a bay at the southern end of lake Vesij\u00e4rvi about 100 kilometres (60 mi) north-east of the capital Helsinki. In English, the Finnish word Lahti literally means bay. The Lahti region is growing and is one of the main economic hubs of Finland.\nThe coat of arms of the city depicts a train wheel surrounded by flames.", "Q60969": "Karl Hermann Konrad Burmeister (15 January 1807 \u2013 2 May 1892) was a German Argentine zoologist, entomologist, herpetologist, and botanist. He was born in Stralsund and died in Buenos Aires. A brief biography, with particular reference to his work on phasmids was published by Bragg in 2007.", "Q210200": "Eliza Patricia Dushku (; born December 30, 1980) is an American actress, model and producer. She starred as Faith on Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spin-off series Angel, as well as two Fox series, Dollhouse, for which she was also a producer, and Tru Calling. She is also known for her roles in films, including True Lies, Bye Bye Love, The New Guy, Bring It On, Wrong Turn, and Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back, as well as her voice work on video games.", "Q152935": "George II (Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u02b9, Ge\u00f3rgios II; 19 July 1890 (NS) \u2013 1 April 1947) reigned as King of Greece from 1922 to 1924 and from 1935 to 1947. He was a paternal first cousin of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and a maternal nephew of Wilhelm II, the last German Emperor.", "Q662307": "Flond is a village in the municipality of Mundaun in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. In 2009 Flond merged with Surcuolm to form the municipality of Mundaun.", "Q568692": "The State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart is a professional school for musicians and performing artists in Stuttgart, Germany. Founded in 1857, it is one of the oldest schools of its kind in Germany.", "Q443403": "Jos\u00e9 Augusto Trinidad Mart\u00ednez Ruiz, better known by his pseudonym Azor\u00edn (Spanish pronunciation: [a\u03b8o\u02c8\u027ein]; June 8, 1873, Mon\u00f2ver \u2013 March 2, 1967, Madrid), was a Spanish novelist, essayist and literary critic. As a political radical in the 1890s, he moved steadily to the right. In literature he attempted to define the eternal qualities of Spanish life. His essays and criticism are written in a simple, compact style. Particularly notable are his impressionistic descriptions of Castilian towns and landscape.", "Q196977": "Witness for the Prosecution is a 1957 American film co-adapted and directed by Billy Wilder and starring Tyrone Power, Marlene Dietrich, Charles Laughton, and Elsa Lanchester. The film, which has film noir elements, depicts an English courtroom drama. Set in the Old Bailey in London, the picture is based on the play of the same name by Agatha Christie and deals with the trial of a man accused of murder. The first film adaptation of Christie's story, Witness for the Prosecution was adapted for the screen by Larry Marcus, Harry Kurnitz and Wilder. The film received positive reviews and six Academy Award nominations.", "Q2822453": "The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts (RCA) is a Canadian arts-related organization that was founded in 1880.", "Q686095": "Ola By Rise (born 14 November 1960 in Trondheim) is a Norwegian football coach and former player. He played 18 seasons and 346 matches in the Norwegian top division.\n\n", "Q69795": "Pigniu (German: Panix) is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. Its official language is Romansh. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Pigniu, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.", "Q778": "The Bahamas ( (listen)), known officially as the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is a country within the Lucayan Archipelago in the West Indies. It is a member of the Commonwealth Realms under the monarchy of Queen Elizabeth II. The archipelagic state consists of fewer than 700 islands, cays, and islets in the Atlantic Ocean, and is located north of Cuba and Hispaniola Island (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, southeast of the US state of Florida, and east of the Florida Keys. The capital is Nassau on the island of New Providence. The Royal Bahamas Defence Force describes The Bahamas' territory as encompassing 470,000 km2 (180,000 sq mi) of ocean space.\nThe Bahamas were inhabited by the Lucayans, a branch of the Arawakan-speaking Ta\u00edno people, for many centuries. Columbus was the first European to see the islands, making his first landfall in the 'New World' in 1492. Later, the Spanish shipped the native Lucayans to slavery on Hispaniola, after which the Bahama islands were mostly deserted from 1513 until 1648, when English colonists from Bermuda settled on the island of Eleuthera.\nThe Bahamas became a British crown colony in 1718, when the British clamped down on piracy. After the American Revolutionary War, the Crown resettled thousands of American Loyalists to The Bahamas; they took their slaves with them and established plantations on land grants. African slaves and their descendants constituted the majority of the population from this period on. The slave trade was abolished by the British in 1807; slavery in The Bahamas was abolished in 1834. Subsequently, The Bahamas became a haven for freed African slaves. Africans liberated from illegal slave ships were resettled on the islands by the Royal Navy, while some North American slaves and Seminoles escaped to The Bahamas from Florida. Bahamians were even known to recognise the freedom of slaves carried by the ships of other nations which reached The Bahamas. Today Afro-Bahamians make up 90% of the population of 332,634.The Bahamas gained governmental independence in 1973 led by Sir Lynden O. Pindling, with Elizabeth II as its queen. In terms of gross domestic product per capita, The Bahamas is one of the richest countries in the Americas (following the United States and Canada), with an economy based on tourism and offshore finance.", "Q165627": "Sophie's Choice is a 1982 American drama film directed by Alan J. Pakula, who adapted William Styron's novel of the same name. Meryl Streep stars as Sophie, a Polish immigrant who shares a boarding house in Brooklyn with her tempestuous lover, Nathan (Kevin Kline in his feature film debut), and a young writer, Stingo (Peter MacNicol).\nStreep's performance was acclaimed, and she received the Academy Award for Best Actress. The film was also nominated for Best Cinematography (N\u00e9stor Almendros), Best Costume Design (Albert Wolsky), Best Music (Marvin Hamlisch), and Best Adapted Screenplay (Alan J. Pakula).", "Q3350258": "Nitya Gopal Kundu (3 December 1935 \u2013 15 September 2006) was a Bangladeshi artist, sculptor and entrepreneur. Kundu played an important role during the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971. He founded the furniture company Otobi.", "Q390372": "Hasil Adkins (April 29, 1937 \u2013 April 26, 2005) was an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. His genres include rock and roll, country, blues and more commonly rockabilly, and because of his unusual playing and singing style, he is often cited as an example of outsider music. He generally performed as a one-man band, playing guitar and drums at the same time.\nAdkins was born during the Great Depression and grew up in poverty. His spirited, unusual lifestyle is reflected in his music. His songs, which he began recording and distributing locally in the mid-1950s, explored an affinity for chicken, sexual intercourse, and decapitation, and were obscure outside of West Virginia until the 1980s. The newfound popularity secured him a cult following, spawned the Norton Records label, and helped usher in the genre known as psychobilly.", "Q84423": "Martin Buber (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e8\u05d8\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8; German: Martin Buber; Yiddish: \u05de\u05d0\u05e8\u05d8\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05e8\u200e; February 8, 1878 \u2013\nJune 13, 1965) was an Austrian, Palestinian Jewish and Israeli philosopher best known for his philosophy of dialogue, a form of existentialism centered on the distinction between the I\u2013Thou relationship and the I\u2013It relationship. Born in Vienna, Buber came from a family of observant Jews, but broke with Jewish custom to pursue secular studies in philosophy. In 1902, he became the editor of the weekly Die Welt, the central organ of the Zionist movement, although he later withdrew from organizational work in Zionism. In 1923, Buber wrote his famous essay on existence, Ich und Du (later translated into English as I and Thou), and in 1925, he began translating the Hebrew Bible into the German language.\nHe was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature ten times, and Nobel Peace Prize seven times.", "Q260081": "Philip of Novara (c. 1200 \u2013 c. 1270) was a medieval historian, warrior, musician, diplomat, poet, and lawyer born at Novara, Italy, into a noble house, who spent his entire adult life in the Middle East. He primarily served the Ibelin family, and featured in a number of prominent battles and negotiations involving Jerusalem and Cyprus. He chronicled the War of the Lombards, the dispute between the Ibelin family and Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.\nHe wrote a lengthy treatise on the feudal law of Jerusalem, which influenced later jurists like John of Ibelin.", "Q133461": "A City of Sadness (Chinese: \u60b2\u60c5\u57ce\u5e02; pinyin: B\u0113iq\u00edng ch\u00e9ngsh\u00ec) is a 1989 Taiwanese historical drama film directed by Hou Hsiao-hsien. It tells the story of a family embroiled in the \"White Terror\" that was wrought on the Taiwanese people by the Kuomintang government (KMT) after their arrival from mainland China in the late 1940s, during which thousands of Taiwanese were rounded up, shot, and/or sent to prison. The film was the first to deal openly with the KMT's authoritarian misdeeds after its 1945 takeover of Taiwan, which had been restored to China following Japan's defeat in World War II, and the first to depict the February 28 Incident of 1947, in which thousands of people were massacred.\nA City of Sadness was the first (of three) Taiwanese films to win the Golden Lion award at the Venice Film Festival, and is often considered Hou's masterpiece. The film was selected as the Taiwanese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 62nd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "Q736742": "Wimbledon is a district and town of southwest London, England, 7.1 miles (11.4 km) southwest of the centre of London at Charing Cross, in the London Borough of Merton, south of Wandsworth, northeast of New Malden, northwest of Mitcham, west of Streatham and north of Sutton. Wimbledon had a population of 68,187 in 2011 which includes the electoral wards of Abbey, Dundonald, Hillside, Trinity, Village, Raynes Park and Wimbledon Park.It is home to the Wimbledon Tennis Championships and New Wimbledon Theatre, and contains Wimbledon Common, one of the largest areas of common land in London along with a Wimbledon Tennis Club. The residential and retail area is split into two sections known as the \"village\" and the \"town\", with the High Street being the rebuilding of the original medieval village, and the \"town\" having first developed gradually after the building of the railway station in 1838.\nWimbledon has been inhabited since at least the Iron Age when the hill fort on Wimbledon Common is thought to have been constructed. In 1087 when the Domesday Book was compiled, Wimbledon was part of the manor of Mortlake. The ownership of the manor of Wimbledon changed between various wealthy families many times during its history, and the area also attracted other wealthy families who built large houses such as Eagle House, Wimbledon Manor House and Warren House. \nThe village developed with a stable rural population coexisting with nobility and wealthy merchants from the city. In the 18th century the Dog and Fox public house became a stop on the stagecoach run from London to Portsmouth, then in 1838 the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR) opened a station to the southeast of the village at the bottom of Wimbledon Hill. The location of the station shifted the focus of the town's subsequent growth away from the original village centre.\nWimbledon had its own borough larger than its historic boundaries while still in the county of Surrey; it was absorbed into the London Borough of Merton as part of the creation of Greater London in 1965. Since 2005, the north and west of the borough have been represented in Westminster by Stephen Hammond, a Conservative MP. The east and south of the Borough are represented by Siobhain McDonagh, a Labour MP.\nWimbledon has established minority groups; among the prominent ones being British Asians (including British Sri Lankans), British Ghanaians, Polish and Irish.\nWimbledon, a small farming locality in New Zealand, was named after this district in the 1880s after a local resident shot a bullock from a considerable distance away. The shot was considered by onlookers to be worthy of the rifle-shooting championships held in Wimbledon at the time.\n\n", "Q102864": "Margarete M\u00fcller (born 18 February 1931) is a German retired politician who was a member of the State Council of East Germany and, between 1963 and 1989, of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). She was a candidate member of the SED politburo until the end of the one-party system.", "Q862736": "Ryan Eric Seaman (born September 23, 1983) is an American musician and singer who is known as the longest tenured drummer for the band Falling in Reverse. He is also the drummer and backing vocalist of the rock duo I Dont Know How But They Found Me.", "Q3083906": "Fran\u00e7ois Barth\u00e9lemy Arl\u00e8s-Dufour (3 June 1797 \u2013 21 January 1872) was a French silk merchant and leading exponent of Saint-Simonianism.\nHe was born to a poor family, had little formal education and began work in a shawl factory at the age of 16.\nLater he joined a silk company based in Liepzig, Germany, married into the owners' family and was placed in charge of its Lyon operations.\nWorking first for his in-laws and then independently, he made a fortune in silk.\nArl\u00e8s-Dufour also became involved in banking, railways and the Suez canal project.\nHe played an important role in the Lyon Chamber of Commerce, and as a member of the jury in various international expositions.\nHe believed in free trade and in social institutions that would help the most disadvantaged social classes.", "Q127414": "Henry's Crime is a 2010 American romantic comedy film directed by Malcolm Venville and starring Keanu Reeves, Vera Farmiga, and James Caan. The film follows Henry (Reeves), who goes to jail for a robbery he did not commit. Once released, he plans to rob the same bank with his former cellmate Max (Caan). The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 14, 2010, and was given a limited release in the United States on April 8, 2011.", "Q1277934": "John Herrick McIntire (June 27, 1907 \u2013 January 30, 1991) was an American character actor who appeared in 65 theatrical films and many more television series. McIntire is well known for having replaced Ward Bond, upon Bond's sudden death in November 1960, as the star of NBC's Wagon Train. He played Christopher Hale, the leader of the wagon train (and successor to Bond's character, Seth Adams) from early 1961 to the series' end in 1965. He also replaced Charles Bickford, upon Bickford's death in 1967, as ranch owner Clay Grainger (brother of Bickford's character) on NBC's The Virginian for four seasons.", "Q3442375": "Kailash Satyarthi (born 11 January 1954) is an Indian social reformer who campaigned against child labour in India and elsewhere and advocated the universal right to education. In 2014 he was the co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, along with Malala Yousafzai, \u201cfor their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education.\u201d He is the founder of multiple social activist organizations, including Bachpan Bachao Andolan, Global March Against Child Labour, Global Campaign for Education, Kailash Satyarthi Children's Foundation,\nTo date, Kailash Satyarthi and his team at Bachpan Bachao Andolan have liberated more than 88,000 children in India from child labour, slavery and trafficking. In 1998, Satyarthi conceived and led the Global March against Child Labour, an 80,000 km-long march across 103 countries to put forth a global demand against worst forms of child labour. This became one of the largest social movements ever on behalf of exploited children. The demands of the marchers, which included children and youth (particularly the survivors of trafficking for forced labour, exploitation, sexual abuse, illegal organ transplants, armed conflict, etc.) were reflected in the draft of the ILO Convention 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labour. The following year, the Convention was unanimously adopted at the ILO Conference in Geneva.\nKailash Satyarthi has been a member of a UNESCO body established with the goal of providing \"Education for All\" and has been on the board of the Fast Track Initiative (now known as the Global Partnership for Education). Satyarthi has also served on the board and committee of several international organisations including the Center for Victims of Torture (USA), the International Labor Rights Fund (USA), and the Cocoa Initiative. Satyarthi was among Fortune magazine's \"World's Greatest Leaders\" in 2015 and featured in LinkedIn's Power Profiles List in 2017 and 2018. More recently, Satyarthi led a nationwide march, Bharat Yatra, in India covering 19,000 km (12,000 mi) in 35 days, in demand for strong legislation against child rape, child sexual abuse and trafficking.\n\n", "Q976031": "Stephen Thomas Erlewine (; born June 18, 1973) is an American music critic and senior editor for the online music database AllMusic. He is the author of many artist biographies and record reviews for AllMusic, as well as a freelance writer, occasionally contributing liner notes.Erlewine was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and is a nephew of the former musician and AllMusic founder Michael Erlewine. He studied at the University of Michigan, where he majored in English, and was a music editor (1993\u201394), and then arts editor (1994\u20131995), of the school's paper The Michigan Daily. He has contributed to a number of books, including All Music Guide to Rock: The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul, and All Music Guide to Hip-Hop: The Definitive Guide to Rap & Hip-Hop.", "Q834570": "Herman de Coninck (21 February 1944 \u2013 22 May 1997) was a Belgian poet, essayist, journalist and publisher.", "Q235916": "Maria de Lourdes Ruivo da Silva de Matos Pintasilgo (Portuguese pronunciation: [m\u0250\u02c8\u027ei\u0250 d\u0268 \u02c8lu\u027ed\u0268\u0283 p\u0129t\u0250\u02c8si\u026b\u0261u]; Abrantes, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Baptista, 18 January 1930 \u2013 Lisbon, 10 July 2004) was a Portuguese chemical engineer and politician. She was the first and to date only woman to serve as Prime Minister of Portugal, and the second woman to serve as Prime Minister in Western Europe, after Margaret Thatcher.", "Q299342": "Loretta Mae Long (n\u00e9e Moore) (born October 4, 1938) is an American actress, voice artist, singer, media personality, and educator. She has played the character of Susan Robinson on Sesame Street since its debut in 1969.\nLong earned her Ph.D. in urban education in 1973 from the University of Massachusetts Amherst while she was starring on Sesame Street. She has acted in musicals (such as Guys and Dolls) and appeared on the Flip Wilson Show with other Sesame Street cast members during its first season.\nIn the early years, she voiced a few female Muppet voices including Roosevelt Franklin's mother Suzetta and other Muppets where a female voice was needed.\nIn addition to starring on Sesame Street, Long is a consultant and public speaker on issues of multiculturalism and education.\n\n", "Q493352": "Andrea Aureli (born 5 March 1923) is an Italian actor.", "Q1268": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Fran\u00e7ois Chopin (UK: , US: , French: [\u0283\u0254p\u025b\u0303], Polish: [\u02c8\u0282\u0254p\u025bn]; 1 March 1810 \u2013 17 October 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era who wrote primarily for solo piano. He has maintained worldwide renown as a leading musician of his era, one whose \"poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation.\"Chopin was born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin in the Duchy of Warsaw and grew up in Warsaw, which in 1815 became part of Congress Poland. A child prodigy, he completed his musical education and composed his earlier works in Warsaw before leaving Poland at the age of 20, less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising. At 21, he settled in Paris. Thereafter\u2014in the last 18 years of his life\u2014he gave only 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and by giving piano lessons, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was admired by many of his other musical contemporaries, including Robert Schumann. \nAfter a failed engagement to Maria Wodzi\u0144ska from 1836 to 1837, he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer Amantine Dupin (known by her pen name, George Sand). A brief and unhappy visit to Majorca with Sand in 1838\u201339 would prove one of his most productive periods of composition. In his final years, he was supported financially by his admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848. For most of his life, Chopin was in poor health. He died in Paris in 1849 at the age of 39, probably of pericarditis aggravated by tuberculosis.\nAll of Chopin's compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some 19 songs set to Polish lyrics. His piano writing was technically demanding and expanded the limits of the instrument, his own performances noted for their nuance and sensitivity. His major piano works also include mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises, the instrumental ballade (which Chopin created as an instrumental genre), \u00e9tudes, impromptus, scherzos, preludes and sonatas, some published only posthumously. Among the influences on his style of composition were Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart, and Schubert, and the atmosphere of the Paris salons of which he was a frequent guest. His innovations in style, harmony, and musical form, and his association of music with nationalism, were influential throughout and after the late Romantic period.\nChopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest celebrities, his indirect association with political insurrection, his high-profile love-life, and his early death have made him a leading symbol of the Romantic era. His works remain popular, and he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying historical fidelity.", "Q99314": "Kemal \u015eahin (born 1955) is a Turkish - German entrepreneur and a textile tycoon. He is also an environmental activist against erosion.", "Q660262": "Wasseramt District is one of the ten districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, situated to the south of the canton. Together with the Bucheggberg District, it forms the Amtei (electoral district) of Wasseramt-Bucheggberg. It has a population of 51,537 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q3020075": "The Storm is a 2009 American science fiction disaster miniseries directed by Bradford May. Based on a previous teleplay by Matthew Chernov and David Rosiak, it was written by David Abramowitz and Dennis A. Pratt and revolves around a weather creation system developed by the Atmospheric Research Institute that threatens life on Earth when deployed by the military. However, while scientist Dr. Jonathan Kirk (James Van Der Beek), Danni Wilson (Teri Polo), and detectives Devon Williams (Marisol Nichols) and Stilman (Luke Perry) attempt to save the world, the former is hunted by hitmen.\nThe first part of the film was broadcast on the NBC network July 26, 2009. The second part was broadcast on August 2, 2009.", "Q969105": "Eugene Kal Siskel (January 26, 1946 \u2013 February 20, 1999) was an American film critic and journalist for the Chicago Tribune. Along with colleague Roger Ebert, he hosted a series of popular movie review programs on television from 1975 to 1999.", "Q1135215": "General Corradino D'Ascanio (1 February 1891 in Popoli, Pescara \u2013 6 August 1981 in Pisa) was an Italian aeronautical engineer. D'Ascanio designed the first production helicopter, for Agusta, and designed the first motor scooter for Ferdinando Innocenti. After the two fell out, D'Ascanio helped Enrico Piaggio produce the original Vespa.", "Q1352222": "William Collins Whitney (July 5, 1841 \u2013 February 2, 1904) was an American political leader and financier and a prominent descendant of the John Whitney family. He served as Secretary of the Navy in the first administration of President Grover Cleveland from 1885 through 1889. A conservative reformer, he was considered a Bourbon Democrat.", "Q109925": "Michael Theurer (born 12 January 1967) is a German politician. Born in T\u00fcbingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, he represents the Free Democratic Party (FDP). Michael Theurer has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg since 2017.", "Q151596": "The Doll (German: Die Puppe) is a 1919 German romantic fantasy comedy film directed by Ernst Lubitsch. The film is based on the operetta La poup\u00e9e by Edmond Audran (1896) and a line of influence back through the L\u00e9o Delibes ballet Copp\u00e9lia (1870) and ultimately to E.T.A. Hoffmann's short story \"Der Sandmann\" (1816).", "Q703935": "Leonard Sidney Woolf (; 25 November 1880 \u2013 14 August 1969) was a British political theorist, author, publisher and civil servant. He was married to author Virginia Woolf.\n\n", "Q150688": "Jos\u00e9 de la Cruz Porfirio D\u00edaz Mori ( or ; Spanish: [po\u027e\u02c8fi\u027ejo \u00f0i.as]; 15 September 1830 \u2013 2 July 1915) was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from 17 February 1877 to 1 December 1880 and from 1 December 1884 to 25 May 1911. The entire period 1876\u20131911 is often referred to as the Porfiriato.A veteran of the War of the Reform (1858\u201360) and the French intervention in Mexico (1862\u201367), D\u00edaz rose to the rank of General, leading republican troops against the French-imposed rule of Emperor Maximilian. He subsequently revolted against presidents Benito Ju\u00e1rez and Sebasti\u00e1n Lerdo de Tejada, on the principle of no re-election to the presidency. Diaz succeeded in seizing power, ousting Lerdo in a coup in 1876, with the help of his political supporters, and Diaz was elected in 1877. In 1880, he stepped down and his political ally Manuel Gonz\u00e1lez was elected president, serving from 1880 to 1884. In 1884 Diaz abandoned the idea of no re-election and held office continuously until 1911.D\u00edaz has been a controversial figure in Mexican history. His regime brought \"order and progress\", ending political turmoil and promoting economic development. D\u00edaz and his allies comprised a group of technocrats known as Cient\u00edficos, \"scientists\". His economic policies largely benefited his circle of allies as well as foreign investors, and helped a few wealthy estate-owning hacendados acquire huge areas of land, leaving rural campesinos unable to make a living. In later years, these policies grew unpopular due to civil repression and political conflicts, as well as challenges from labor and the peasantry, groups that did not share in Mexico's prosperity. \nDespite public statements in 1908 favoring a return to democracy and not running again for office, D\u00edaz reversed himself and ran again in 1910. His failure to institutionalize presidential succession, since he was by then 80 years old, triggered a political crisis between the Cient\u00edficos and the followers of General Bernardo Reyes, allied with the military and with peripheral regions of Mexico. After D\u00edaz declared himself the winner of an eighth term in office in 1910, his electoral opponent, wealthy estate owner Francisco I. Madero, issued the Plan of San Luis Potos\u00ed calling for armed rebellion against D\u00edaz, leading to the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution. After the Federal Army suffered a number of military defeats against the forces supporting Madero, D\u00edaz was forced to resign in May 1911 and went into exile in Paris, where he died four years later.", "Q3051854": "William Percy French (1 May 1854 \u2013 24 January 1920) became known as one of Ireland's foremost songwriters and entertainers. Thanks to the late Oliver Nulty, French he has become recognised for his watercolour paintings as well. William Percy French was a gifted polymath who had a number of artistic talents at his command. He could work very quickly, and his output is prodigious across many genres.", "Q309989": "Tyrone Edmund Power III (May 5, 1914 \u2013 November 15, 1958) was an American film, stage and radio actor. From the 1930s to the 1950s, Power appeared in dozens of films, often in swashbuckler roles or romantic leads. His better-known films include The Mark of Zorro, Marie Antoinette, Blood and Sand, The Black Swan, Prince of Foxes, Witness for the Prosecution, The Black Rose, and Captain from Castile. Power's own favorite film among those that he starred in was Nightmare Alley.Though largely a matinee idol in the 1930s and early 1940s and known for his striking looks, Power starred in films in a number of genres, from drama to light comedy. In the 1950s he began placing limits on the number of films he would make in order to devote more time for theater productions. He received his biggest accolades as a stage actor in John Brown's Body and Mister Roberts. Power died from a heart attack at the age of 44.", "Q80889": "Sigrid Undset (20 May 1882 \u2013 10 June 1949) was a Norwegian novelist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1928.Undset was born in Kalundborg, Denmark, but her family moved to Norway when she was two years old. In 1924, she converted to Catholicism. She fled Norway for the United States in 1940 because of her opposition to Nazi Germany and the German invasion and occupation of Norway, but returned after World War II ended in 1945.\nHer best-known work is Kristin Lavransdatter, a trilogy about life in Norway in the Middle Ages, portrayed through the experiences of a woman from birth until death. Its three volumes were published between 1920 and 1922.\n\n", "Q242552": "Grace Zabriskie (born Grace Caplinger; May 17, 1941) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Sarah Palmer in Twin Peaks (1990\u20131991; 2017) and its film prequel Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992), Lois Henrickson in Big Love, as well as in cult films such as two of David Lynch's films: Juana Durango in Wild at Heart (1990) and Visitor #1 in Inland Empire (2006). Other film roles include Nickel Mountain (1984), Child's Play 2 (1990), and The Grudge (2004). She is also known for her recurring roles in Seinfeld and Charmed.", "Q42504": "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, often informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon Church, is a nontrinitarian, Christian restorationist church that considers itself to be the restoration of the original church founded by Jesus Christ. The church is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, in the United States, and has established congregations and built temples worldwide. According to the church, it has over 16 million members and 65,000 full-time volunteer missionaries. In 2012, the National Council of Churches ranked the church as the fourth-largest Christian denomination in the United States, with over 6.5 million members there as of January 2018. It is the largest denomination in the Latter Day Saint movement founded by Joseph Smith during the early 19th century period of religious revival known as the Second Great Awakening.\nAdherents, often referred to as \"Latter-day Saints\" or, less formally, \"Mormons\", view faith in Jesus Christ and his atonement as fundamental principles of their religion. Church theology includes the Christian doctrine of salvation only through Jesus Christ, though LDS doctrines regarding the nature of God and the potential of mankind differ significantly from mainstream Christianity. The church has an open canon which includes four scriptural texts: the Bible (both Old and New Testaments), the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and Covenants, and the Pearl of Great Price. Other than the Bible, the majority of the LDS canon constitutes revelation received by Joseph Smith and recorded by his scribes which includes commentary and exegesis about the Bible, texts described as lost parts of the Bible, and other works believed to be written by ancient prophets. Because of some of the doctrinal differences, Catholic, Orthodox, and several Protestant churches consider the church to be distinct and separate from mainstream Christianity.Under the doctrine of continuing revelation, Latter-day Saints believe that the church president is a modern-day \"prophet, seer, and revelator\" and that Jesus Christ, under the direction of God the Father, leads the church by revealing his will to its president. Individual members of the church believe that they can also receive personal revelation from God in conducting their lives. The president heads a hierarchical structure with various levels reaching down to local congregations. Bishops, drawn from the laity, lead local congregations. Male members, beginning in January of the year they reach age 12, may be ordained to the priesthood, provided they are living the standards of the church. Women are not ordained to the priesthood but do occupy leadership roles in some church organizations.Both men and women may serve as missionaries and the church maintains a large missionary program that proselytizes and conducts humanitarian services worldwide. Faithful members adhere to church laws of sexual purity, health, fasting, and Sabbath observance, and contribute ten percent of their income to the church in tithing. The church also teaches about sacred ordinances through which adherents make covenants with God, including baptism, confirmation, the sacrament (holy communion), priesthood ordination, endowment, and celestial marriage (marriage blessings which extend beyond mortality)\u2014all of which are of great significance to church members.", "Q203268": "Michael Carlyle Hall (born February 1, 1971) is an American actor and producer. He is best known for his roles as Dexter Morgan, a serial killer and blood spatter analyst in the Showtime series Dexter, and as David Fisher in the HBO drama series Six Feet Under. In 2010, Hall won a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for his role in Dexter.", "Q131262": "The University of Bologna (Italian: Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, UNIBO) is a research university in Bologna, Italy.\nFounded in 1088 by an organised guild of students (hence studiorum), it is the oldest university in the world, as well as one of the leading academic institutions in Italy and Europe. It is one of the most prestigious Italian universities, commonly ranking in the first places of national rankings.\nIt was the first place of study to use the term universitas for the corporations of students and masters, which came to define the institution (especially its famous law school) located in Bologna.The university's emblem carries the motto Alma mater studiorum (\"nourishing mother of studies\") and the date A.D. 1088, and it has about 86,500 students in its 11 schools.\nIt has campuses in Ravenna, Forl\u00ec, Cesena and Rimini and a branch center abroad in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It also has a school of excellence named Collegio Superiore di Bologna. An associate publisher of the University of Bologna is the Bononia University Press.", "Q425792": "Antonella Costa (born 19 March 1980 in Rome, Italy) is an Argentine film and television actress. She moved to Argentina with her parents at the age of four. She has worked in different countries, but primarily in the Argentine Cinema.", "Q46762": "Claudius Gothicus (Latin: Marcus Aurelius Valerius Claudius Augustus; May 10, 214 \u2013 January 270), also known as Claudius II, was Roman emperor from 268 to 270. During his reign he fought successfully against the Alemanni and decisively defeated the Goths at the Battle of Naissus. He died after succumbing to \"pestilence\", possibly the Plague of Cyprian that had ravaged the provinces of the Empire.", "Q92255": "J\u00f6rn Schl\u00f6nvoigt ([j\u0153\u0281n \u02c8\u0283l\u00f8\u02d0n\u02ccfo\u02d0kt]; born 1 August 1986) is a German actor, singer and designer.\nSchl\u00f6nvoigt was born in Berlin. When only eleven years old, Schl\u00f6nvoigt began to write his own lyrics, before he later bought himself a guitar and founded with sixteen, together with his half brother, his own punk rock band, Cherry Poppers. Later, Schl\u00f6nvoigt also modeled for the Otto Versand.\nAfter school, he began a schooling to become a merchandiser in retail. But when he got cast for the role of Philip H\u00f6fer in the soap opera Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten in late 2004, Schl\u00f6nvoigt left the schooling for his acting skills.\nSince then, he has built a huge fan base and portrays one of the most popular characters on the show. In 2007, he got the silver Otto award of the teen magazine Bravo in the category 'Best TV-Star \u2013 Male'. One year earlier he won the same award in gold.\nOn 7 September 2007 Schl\u00f6nvoigt released his debut single \"Das Gegenteil von Liebe\" (\"The Opposite of Love\"), which was very successful in the German area. In the end of November, his second single followed, but was not as successful as the first one. On 25 January 2008 Schl\u00f6nvoigt released his third single \"Ein Leben lang\" (\"A Lifetime long\"), which was also the image song of the German network RTL. His first album, named after himself, was released on 28 September 2007.\nHis role on Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten became quite popular again at the end of 2008, when his character was paired with the role of Lucy C\u00f6ster, played by actress Sarah Tkotsch. The chemistry between the actors seemed very real. In April 2009, their management announced that Tkotsch and Schl\u00f6nvoigt were also a couple in real life.In 2010 J\u00f6rn Schl\u00f6nvoigt and Sarah Tkotsch seceded and 2011 he liaised with S\u0131la \u015eahin, but February 2013 they divided.\nAnyhow Schl\u00f6nvoigt said to still have retained very amicable conditions with \u015eahin.Schl\u00f6nvoigt also launched his own fashion label QNH \u2013 closing and more.\n\n", "Q153381": "Kiro Gligorov (Macedonian: \u041a\u0438\u0440\u043e \u0413\u043b\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, pronounced [\u02c8kir\u0254 \u02c8\u0261li\u0261\u0254r\u0254f] (listen); May 3, 1917 \u2013 January 1, 2012) was the first President of the Republic of Macedonia (now North Macedonia), serving from 1991 to 1999. He held various high positions in the political establishment of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, including as Secretary of State for Finance in the Federal Executive Council, a member of the Yugoslav Presidency, as well as President of the Assembly of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from May 15, 1974 to May 15, 1978.\n\n", "Q85729": "Rudolf Martin (born 31 July 1967) is a German actor working mainly in the United States. He first appeared in off-Broadway productions and then moved on to extensive TV and film work. He has made guest appearances on numerous hit television series and recently started working in Germany as well. He currently resides in Los Angeles.", "Q49451": "Progressive rock (shortened as prog; sometimes called art rock, classical rock or symphonic rock) is a broad genre of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom and United States throughout the mid- to late 1960s. Initially termed \"progressive pop\", the style was an outgrowth of psychedelic bands who abandoned standard pop traditions in favour of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz, folk, or classical music. Additional elements contributed to its \"progressive\" label: lyrics were more poetic, technology was harnessed for new sounds, music approached the condition of \"art\", and the studio, rather than the stage, became the focus of musical activity, which often involved creating music for listening rather than dancing.\nProg is based on fusions of styles, approaches and genres, involving a continuous move between formalism and eclecticism. Due to its historical reception, prog's scope is sometimes limited to a stereotype of long solos, long albums, fantasy lyrics, grandiose stage sets and costumes, and an obsessive dedication to technical skill. While the genre is often cited for its merging of high culture and low culture, few artists incorporated literal classical themes in their work to any great degree, and only a handful of groups purposely emulated or referenced classical music.\nThe genre coincided with the mid-1960s economic boom that allowed record labels to allocate more creative control to their artists, as well as the new journalistic division between \"pop\" and \"rock\" that lent generic significance to both terms. Prog saw a high level of popularity in the early-to-mid-1970s, but faded soon after. Conventional wisdom holds that the rise of punk rock caused this, but several more factors contributed to the decline. Music critics, who often labelled the concepts as \"pretentious\" and the sounds as \"pompous\" and \"overblown\", tended to be hostile towards the genre or to completely ignore it. After the late 1970s, progressive rock fragmented in numerous forms. Some bands achieved commercial success well into the 1980s (albeit with changed lineups and more compact song structures) or crossed into symphonic pop, arena rock, or new wave.\nEarly groups who exhibited progressive features are retroactively described as \"proto-prog\". The Canterbury scene, originating in the late 1960s, denotes a subset of prog bands who emphasised the use of wind instruments, complex chord changes and long improvisations. Rock in Opposition, from the late 1970s, was more avant-garde, and when combined with the Canterbury style, created avant-prog. In the 1980s, a new subgenre, neo-progressive rock, enjoyed some commercial success, although it was also accused of being derivative and lacking in innovation. Post-progressive draws upon newer developments in popular music and the avant-garde since the mid 1970s.\n\n", "Q155928": "Avery Brundage (; September 28, 1887 \u2013 May 8, 1975) was the fifth President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), serving from 1952 to 1972. The only American to attain that position, Brundage is remembered as a zealous advocate of amateurism and for his involvement with the 1936 and 1972 Summer Olympics, both held in Germany.\nBrundage was born in Detroit in 1887 to a working-class family. When he was five years old, his father moved his family to Chicago and subsequently abandoned his wife and children. Raised mostly by relatives, Brundage attended the University of Illinois to study engineering and became a track star. He competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics, where he participated in the pentathlon and decathlon, but did not win any medals; both events were won by teammate Jim Thorpe. He won national championships in track three times between 1914 and 1918 and founded his own construction business. He earned his wealth from this company and from investments, and never accepted pay for his involvement in sports.\nFollowing his retirement from athletics, Brundage became a sports administrator and rose rapidly through the ranks in United States sports groups. As leader of America's Olympic organizations, he fought zealously against a boycott of the 1936 Summer Olympics, which had been awarded to Germany before the rise of the Nazi regime and its subsequent, escalating persecution of Jews. Brundage successfully prevented a US boycott of the Games, and he was elected to the IOC that year. He quickly became a major figure in the Olympic movement and was elected IOC president in 1952.\nAs President of the American Olympic Committee, Brundage fought strongly for amateurism and against the commercialization of the Olympic Games, even as these stands increasingly came to be seen as incongruous with the realities of modern sports. The advent of the state-sponsored athlete of the Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage. The 1972 Summer Olympics at Munich, West Germany were his final Games as president of the IOC. The event was marred by tragedy and controversy when eleven Israeli team members were murdered by Palestinian terrorists. At the memorial service, Brundage decried the politicization of sports and refused to cancel the remainder of the Olympics, declaring \"the Games must go on.\" Although those in attendance applauded Brundage's statement, his decision to continue the Games has since been harshly criticized, and his actions in 1936 and 1972 seen as evidence of anti-Semitism. In retirement, Brundage married his second wife, a German princess. He died in 1975 at age 87.", "Q3400152": "Nikolay Alekseevich Glushkov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043b\u0443\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432; 24 December 1949 \u2013 12 March 2018) was a Russian businessman who was the deputy director of Aeroflot and a finance manager for AvtoVAZ. After claiming that Aeroflot worked as a \"cash cow to support international spying operations\", he was arrested and tried in Russia on the allegation of channelling Aeroflot money through another company in 1999. He was convicted and released in 2004, after serving three years. He emigrated to the UK in 2010 and received political asylum. In 2017 he was convicted in absentia in Russia for allegedly stealing money from Aeroflot, but his extradition from Britain had been denied. Initially treated as \"unexplained\", his death is being investigated by the Metropolitan Police who are treating it as a murder inquiry.", "Q933579": "Karl Otto Fazer (Finnish pronunciation: [f\u0251tser]; 16 August 1866 \u2013 9 October 1932) was a Finnish businessman and sport shooter.\nHe was born in Helsinki and died in Jokioinen. He had four children and was the grandfather of Peter Fazer. His father, Eduard Peter Fazer (originally Fatzer), was a Swiss-born furrier.\nFazer studied baking in Berlin, Paris, and Saint Petersburg before becoming a pioneer of Finnish confectionery. Together with his wife Berta he opened a French-Russian confectionery at Glogatan (Kluuvikatu) 3 in Helsinki on 17 September 1891. Later he opened a chocolate and candy factory in Punavuori.\nFazer, the company he founded, is still in existence. Many of its products have become classic. This is particularly true of the \"Fazer Blue\" (\"Fazerin Sininen\" in Finnish, \"Fazer bl\u00e5\" in Swedish), a brand of chocolate that is often compared to salmiakki, as a candy that is a part of the Finnish national identity. The (Swiss) recipe for the Fazer Blue was received into the family as a gratitude to Karl Fazer's son Sven Fazer for taking care of a sick boy. The same recipe has been in use ever since 1922, when the chocolate was introduced to the market in its characteristic blue packaging.\nKarl Fazer was a nature lover, birdwatcher, hunter and a fisherman. He founded many natural parks in Finland.", "Q3179672": "Joanne King Herring (born July 3, 1929) is an American socialite, businesswoman, political activist, philanthropist, diplomat, and former television talk show host. Hailing from Houston, Texas, she is best known for influencing policy through her long association and political relation with the President of Pakistan Zia-ul-Haq (1977\u201388). Herring also served as the honorary consul at the Consulate-General of Pakistan based in Houston; she is also the recipient of the Jinnah Medal, one of Pakistan's highest honors.Throughout the 1980s, Herring almost single-handedly created the entire United States support for the Mujahideen in Afghanistan by assisting the U.S. Representative Charlie Wilson to persuade the U.S. government to train and arm the Mujahideen resistance fighters to fight in the Soviet\u2013Afghan War, which began in 1979, known as Operation Cyclone. These events inspired the book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History; Herring is portrayed by actress Julia Roberts in the 2007 film Charlie Wilson's War. Since the September 11 attacks, Herring has stated that she \"did not make al-Qaeda\" and that she \"cannot predict the future.\"Herring remains very active in social circles in Houston and regularly contributes to and participates in benefits to help American troops and the Afghan people. Her second book, Diplomacy and Diamonds: My Wars from the Ballroom to the Battlefield, was released on January 1, 2011.", "Q102870": "Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross, c.\u2009March 1822 \u2013 March 10, 1913) was an American abolitionist and political activist. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people, including family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. During the American Civil War, she served as an armed scout and spy for the Union Army. In her later years, Tubman was an activist in the struggle for women's suffrage.\nBorn a slave in Dorchester County, Maryland, Tubman was beaten and whipped by her various masters as a child. Early in life, she suffered a traumatic head wound when an irate slave owner threw a heavy metal weight intending to hit another slave, but hitting her instead. The injury caused dizziness, pain, and spells of hypersomnia, which occurred throughout her life. After her injury, Tubman began experiencing strange visions and vivid dreams, which she ascribed to premonitions from God. These experiences, combined with her Methodist upbringing, led her to become devoutly religious.\nIn 1849, Tubman escaped to Philadelphia, then immediately returned to Maryland to rescue her family. Slowly, one group at a time, she brought relatives with her out of the state, and eventually guided dozens of other slaves to freedom. Traveling by night and in extreme secrecy, Tubman (or \"Moses\", as she was called) \"never lost a passenger\". After the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed, she helped guide fugitives farther north into British North America (Canada), and helped newly freed slaves find work. Tubman met John Brown in 1858, and helped him plan and recruit supporters for his 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry.\nWhen the Civil War began, Tubman worked for the Union Army, first as a cook and nurse, and then as an armed scout and spy. The first woman to lead an armed expedition in the war, she guided the raid at Combahee Ferry, which liberated more than 700 slaves. After the war, she retired to the family home on property she had purchased in 1859 in Auburn, New York, where she cared for her aging parents. She was active in the women's suffrage movement until illness overtook her, and she had to be admitted to a home for elderly African Americans that she had helped to establish years earlier. After her death in 1913, she became an icon of courage and freedom.", "Q374792": "Sven Erik Alf Sj\u00f6berg (21 June 1903 \u2013 17 April 1980) was a Swedish theatre and film director. He won the Grand Prix du Festival at the Cannes Film Festival twice: in 1946 for Torment (Swedish: Hets) (part of an eleven-way tie), and in 1951 for his film Miss Julie (Swedish: Fr\u00f6ken Julie) (an adaptation of August Strindberg's play which tied with Vittorio De Sica's Miracle in Milan).\nDespite his success with films Torment (1944) and Miss Julie (1951), Sj\u00f6berg was foremost a stage director; perhaps the greatest at Dramaten (alongside first Olof Molander and later Ingmar Bergman). He was a First Director of Sweden's Royal Dramatic Theatre in the years 1930\u20131980, where he staged many remarkable and historic productions. Sj\u00f6berg was also a pioneer director of drama for early Swedish TV (his 1955 TV production of Hamlet is a national milestone). At the 3rd Guldbagge Awards Sj\u00f6berg won the award for Best Director for the film \u00d6n.Sj\u00f6berg died in a car accident on his way to rehearsal at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm.\n\n", "Q605388": "Fat Wreck Chords (pronounced \"Fat Records\") is a San Francisco, California-based independent record label, focused on punk rock. It was started by NOFX lead singer Michael Burkett (better known as Fat Mike) and his girlfriend at the time, Erin Burkett, in 1990.The label has released material for many notable bands including NOFX, Good Riddance, Mad Caddies, Descendents, Me First and the Gimme Gimmes, The Loved Ones, Screeching Weasel, Propagandhi, Rise Against, Lagwagon, Strung Out, No Use for a Name, Less Than Jake, Against Me!, Hi-Standard, Snuff\nLeftover Crack (band)|Snuff]], and Anti-Flag. Fat Wreck Chords has released 157 studio albums to date.", "Q57109": "Josef Mengele ([\u02c8jo\u02d0z\u025bf \u02c8m\u025b\u014b\u0259l\u0259] (listen); 16 March 1911 \u2013 7 February 1979), also known as the Angel of Death (German: Todesengel) and the White Angel (German: der Weisse Engel or Wei\u00dfer Engel), was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) officer and physician during World War II. He is mainly remembered for his actions at the Auschwitz concentration camp, where he performed deadly experiments on prisoners and was a member of the team of doctors who selected victims to be killed in the gas chambers. With Red Army troops sweeping through Poland, Mengele was transferred 280 kilometers (170 mi) from Auschwitz to the Gross-Rosen concentration camp on 17 January 1945, just 10 days before the arrival of the Soviet forces at Auschwitz.\nBefore the war, Mengele had received doctorates in anthropology and medicine, and began a career as a researcher. He joined the Nazi Party in 1937 and the SS in 1938. He was assigned as a battalion medical officer at the start of World War II, then transferred to the Nazi concentration camps service in early 1943 and assigned to Auschwitz, where he saw the opportunity to conduct genetic research on human subjects. His experiments focused primarily on twins, with little or no regard for the health or safety of the victims.After the war, Mengele fled to South America. He sailed to Argentina in July 1949, assisted by a network of former SS members. He initially lived in and around Buenos Aires, then fled to Paraguay in 1959 and Brazil in 1960, all the while being sought by West Germany, Israel, and Nazi hunters such as Simon Wiesenthal, who wanted to bring him to trial. Mengele eluded capture in spite of extradition requests by the West German government and clandestine operations by the Israeli intelligence agency Mossad. He drowned in 1979 after suffering a stroke while swimming off the coast of Bertioga, and was buried under the false name of Wolfgang Gerhard. His remains were disinterred and positively identified by forensic examination in 1985.", "Q133313": "Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal (common: , correct: [\u02c8j\u028f\u0302l\u02d0\u025bn\u02cch\u0251\u02d0l]; born December 19, 1980) is an American actor and film producer. Born into the Gyllenhaal family, he is the son of director Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter Naomi Foner. He began acting as a child, making his acting debut in City Slickers (1991), followed by roles in his father's films A Dangerous Woman (1993) and Homegrown (1998). His breakthrough performances were as Homer Hickam in October Sky (1999) and as a psychologically troubled teenager in Donnie Darko (2001). His most widely seen film to that point came with the disaster film The Day After Tomorrow (2004).\nGyllenhaal won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for playing Jack Twist in Ang Lee's romance Brokeback Mountain (2005). His career progressed with starring roles in the thriller Zodiac (2007), the romantic comedy Love & Other Drugs (2010), and the science fiction film Source Code (2011). He continued to gain acclaim for Denis Villeneuve's thrillers Prisoners (2013) and Enemy (2013), and he received nominations for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for his roles as a manipulative journalist in Nightcrawler (2014) and a troubled writer in Nocturnal Animals (2016). His highest-grossing release came with the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019), in which he portrayed Mysterio.\nGyllenhaal's stage roles include a Broadway production of Nick Payne's drama Constellations in 2014. In addition to acting, he is vocal about political and social issues.", "Q40475": "Joan Crawford (born Lucille Fay LeSueur; March 23, 190? \u2013 May 10, 1977) was an American film and television actress who began her career as a dancer in traveling theatrical companies before debuting as a chorus girl on Broadway. Crawford then signed a motion picture contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1925; her career spanned six decades, multiple studios, and controversies.\nAt different stages of her career, she was noted for her diverse roles playing sympathetic and unsympathetic characters, and for realistic yet multi-layered performances. Her films ranged in genres from contemporary crime, melodramas, film noir, several historical costume dramas, romances, mysteries, musicals, suspense, horror, to three westerns and over a dozen comedies. Regardless, her greater successes and perhaps most memorable performances were in romantic dramas and melodramas. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Crawford tenth on its list of the greatest female stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema.\nIn the 1930s, Crawford's fame rivaled and later surpassed that of MGM colleagues Norma Shearer and Greta Garbo. Though she started portraying flappers, Crawford often played wealthy women in distress (Dance, Fools, Dance, This Modern Age, Letty Lynton, No More Ladies, I Live My Life, Susan and God) or hard-working young women who found romance and success (Our Dancing Daughters, Paid, Laughing Sinners , Dancing Lady, Sadie McKee, The Last of Mrs. Cheyney, The Shining Hour, The Bride Wore Red, Mannequin). These characters and stories were well received by Depression-era audiences, and were popular with women. Crawford became one of Hollywood's more prominent movie stars, and one of the higher-paid women in the United States.\nIn 1945, she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her work in Mildred Pierce, and received Best Actress nominations for Possessed (1947) and Sudden Fear (1952). Crawford continued to act in film and television throughout the 1950s and 1960s; she returned to box office success and critical acclaim with horror film Whatever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962), in which she starred alongside her long-time rival Bette Davis.In 1955, Crawford became involved with the Pepsi-Cola Company through her marriage to company Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Alfred Steele.\nIn 1970 Crawford made her last theatrical film, and until a few weeks before her death, she continued to tape numerous regular radio spots and announcements for a variety of not-for-profit causes. Following a public appearance in 1974, she withdrew from events which required her to be photographed, becoming increasingly reclusive until her death in 1977, although she did appear in 1975 to host the 30th anniversary of Mildred Pierce.\nCrawford married four times. Her first three marriages ended in divorce; the last ended with the death of husband Alfred Steele. She adopted five children, one of whom was reclaimed. Crawford's relationships with her two elder children, Christina and Christopher, were acrimonious. After Crawford's death, Christina released a well-known, but controversial, \"tell-all\" memoir, Mommie Dearest (1978).", "Q343658": "\u0130lhan Sel\u00e7uk (March 11, 1925 \u2013 June 21, 2010) was a Turkish lawyer, journalist, author, novelist and editor.", "Q344137": "Archibald Keir Leitch (27 April 1865 \u2013 25 April 1939) was a Scottish architect, most famous for his work designing football stadiums throughout Britain and Ireland.\n\n", "Q92533": "Reinhold Tiling (13 June 1893 \u2013 11 October 1933) was a German engineer, pilot and a rocket pioneer.", "Q46004": "Themistocles Popa (Romanian pronunciation: [temis\u02c8tokle \u02c8popa]; June 27, 1921 \u2013 November 26, 2013) was a Romanian composer, musician, and film actor.", "Q389151": "After the Sunset is a 2004 American action comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and starring Pierce Brosnan as Max Burdett, a master thief caught in a pursuit with FBI agent Stan Lloyd, played by Woody Harrelson. It was shot in the Bahamas. The film was a critical and commercial failure.", "Q932101": "Piero Lardi Ferrari (born 22 May 1945) is an Italian billionaire businessman and sport personality. He is the second and only living son of Enzo Ferrari, and a 10% owner of the Ferrari automotive company of which he is the vice chairman. He owns 13.2% of the Ferretti Group.", "Q4491820": "Alfred Brush Ford (born 1950), also known as Ambarish Das, is an American heir to the Ford fortune. He is a great-grandson of Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company.", "Q249361": "James Vear \"Jim\" Hansen (August 14, 1932 \u2013 November 14, 2018) was a Republican politician from Utah, who was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 2003.", "Q373943": "John J. Jonas (b. 1932) was born in Montreal and graduated from McGill University with a bachelor's degree in Metallurgical Engineering in 1954. He later attended Cambridge University on an Athlone Fellowship and received a Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Sciences in 1960. On returning to Montreal, he began teaching \"mechanical metallurgy\" at McGill and built up a research laboratory that includes a number of specialized testing machines and is particularly well equipped for experimental investigations in the field of high temperature deformation.\nDr. Jonas is known internationally for the ground breaking studies that he and his students and colleagues have carried out at McGill on the hot rolling behaviour of metals. Their work has resulted in major improvements in the understanding of the softening processes involved in steel processing; these have led to more accurate computer models for the control of industrial rolling mills. They have published over eight hundred technical papers dealing with the scientific and engineering aspects of metal shaping and forming. They have received numerous awards for this work, including the R\u00e9aumur and Gold Medals of the French Metallurgical Society, the Hatchett Medal of the Metals Society (U.K.), the Airey, Dofasco and Alcan Awards of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, the Gold Medal of the Canadian Metal Physics Association, the NSERC Award of Excellence, the Canada Council Killam Award, the Michael Tenenbaum Award of the American Institute of Metallurgical Engineers, the Hunt Silver Medal of the US Iron and Steel Society, the Barrett Silver Medal and G. Macdonald Young Award of the American Society for Metals, the Alexander von Humboldt Research Award (Germany), and the Sawamura Award of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. Professor Jonas has been elected a Fellow of the American Society for Metals, Royal Society of Canada, Canadian Academy of Engineering, Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, and Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He is an Honorary Member of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan and of the Indian Institute of Metals. He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1993, a Chevalier of the Order of Quebec in 2000, and received the Quebec prize for science (Prix du Qu\u00e9bec - Marie Victorin) in 1995. He has served as a visiting professor in a number of countries, including Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, the UK, the USA and the USSR.\n\tIn 1985, Dr. Jonas was appointed to the CSIRA/NSERC Chair of Steel Processing at McGill, a position which was funded jointly by the Canadian Steel Industry Research Association and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. In this capacity, he worked closely with the Canadian steel industry, and collaborated in the solution of a number of important processing problems. Dr. Jonas also holds the Birks Chair of Metallurgy. He and his colleagues have been granted five sets of international patents associated with steel rolling, three of which have been assigned to the sponsoring companies.\n\tProfessor Jonas served on the Quebec Science Council (Conseil de la science et de la technologie) from 1987 to 1990, and as Chairman of the AECL (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited) R&D Advisory Panel in 1992 and 1993. \nHis current h-index (Hirsch number) is 92 and he has more than 32,000 citations to his credit.\n\n", "Q114974": "Friedrich \"Fritz\" Westmeyer (14 January 1873 \u2013 14 November 1917) was a German trade unionist and socialist politician. He stands out as one of the more radical members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in imperial Germany.", "Q399342": "Bougival is a commune (or village) in the Yvelines department in the \u00cele-de-France region in north-central France. Bougival is located 15.3 km (9.5 mi) from the center of Paris, in its western suburbs.\nAs the site where many of the French Masters (including Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley, Berthe Morisot, and Auguste Renoir) painted country scenes along the Seine, the village today hosts a series of six historical placards, known as the \"Impressionists Walk,\" at locations from which the noted painters depicted the scenes of Bougival.Bougival is also noted as the site of the Machine de Marly, a sprawling, complicated hydraulic pumping device that began supplying the massive quantity of water required by the fountains at Palace of Versailles in the late 17th century. Considered one of the foremost engineering accomplishments of its era, the cacophonous, breakdown-prone apparatus comprised fourteen waterwheels (approximately 38 feet in diameter) driven by the current of the Seine \u2014 in turn powering more than 250 pumps, delivering water up a 500-foot vertical rise through a series of pumping stations, holding tanks, reservoirs, pipes and mechanical linkages. In use until 1817, the machine was subsequently updated, replaced with another pumping building in 1858 and finally replaced by an electrical generator in 1963. The building itself remained until 1968. Remnants are visible today at the riverbank.In Bougival, Georges Bizet composed the opera Carmen at his home at Rue Ivan Tourguenievf on the Seine and noted Russian novelist and playwright Ivan Turgenev built a datcha. A local monument commemorates the Montgolfier brothers, pioneers of flight. and the commune hosts the annual Festival of Bougival et des Coteaux de Seine.", "Q498575": "Northeim is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, seat of the district of Northeim, with, in 2011, a population of 29,000. It lies on the German Half-Timbered House Road.", "Q56217": "Miracle of Marcelino (Spanish: Marcelino, pan y vino, \"Marcelino, bread and wine\") is a 1955 Spanish film written by Jos\u00e9 Maria Sanchez-Silva, based on his novel, and directed by Ladislao Vajda. It starred Rafael Rivelles, Juan Calvo (who also starred together as Don Quixote and Sancho Panza in the 1947 Spanish film version of Cervantes's Don Quixote) and the young child star Pablito Calvo (no relation to Juan) as Marcelino. The musical score and theme song \u2013 sung in full during the action, rather than at the start of the film \u2013 are by Pablo Soroz\u00e1bal.\nThe story, revised and modernised in both the book and film, dates back to a medieval legend, one of many gathered together in a volume by Alfonso el Sabio. It was a critical and commercial success, and other countries have produced versions of it.", "Q1899781": "DreamWorks Records (often referred in copyright notices as SKG Music, LLC) was an American record label founded in 1996 by David Geffen, Steven Spielberg and Jeffrey Katzenberg as a subsidiary of DreamWorks SKG. The label operated until 2003 when it was sold to Universal Music Group. The label itself also featured a Nashville, Tennessee-based subsidiary, DreamWorks Nashville, which specialized in country music and was shut down in 2006. The company's logo was designed by Roy Lichtenstein and was his last commission before his death in 1997.", "Q154388": "Princess Marie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (German: Prinzessin Marie von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt; 29 January 1850 \u2013 22 April 1922) was the consort and third wife of Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. She was mother of Prince Hendrik, consort of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands and father of Queen Juliana.", "Q100901": "Elisabeth Augustin (June 13, 1903 \u2013 December 14, 2001) was a German-Dutch writer.The daughter of Eduard Joseph Glaser, a Roman Catholic, and Ella Cohn, a Jew, she was born Elisabeth Theresia Glaser in Friedenau, a suburb of Berlin, and grew up in Leipzig and Berlin. By the age of 20, she was writing poetry and short stories that were published in local newspapers. In 1933, she completed her first novel Der Ausgesto\u00dfene (The outcast); it was accepted for publication but was not released due to the political environment in Germany at the time. Later that year, she left for the Netherlands. Her husband, Paul Felix Augustin, had grown up there and she already spoke Dutch.Her own Dutch translation of her first novel was published as De uitgestootene in 1935. She had published three more novels in Dutch by 1938. In 1938, her parents left Germany to join her in the Netherlands. However, after her father died in 1942, her mother was deported to the Sobib\u00f3r extermination camp where she died in the gas chambers.Her later writing is strongly influenced by Judaism and The Holocaust, even though Augustin herself did not follow Jewish customs or the Jewish religion. She published the novel Labyrint (Dutch) in 1955. A German version Auswege appeared in 1988; it was to be her last novel, although she continued to produce poetry, short stories and radio plays.In 1992, she was awarded the Jacobson award for her work.She died in Amsterdam in 2001.", "Q535595": "Kathleen Marie Hanley (born September 11, 1968) is an American singer and songwriter. She is best known as the vocalist for the alternative rock band Letters to Cleo.", "Q42262": "The European Space Agency pronunciation (ESA; French: Agence spatiale europ\u00e9enne pronunciation , ASE; German: Europ\u00e4ische Weltraumorganisation) is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states dedicated to the exploration of space. Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris, ESA has a worldwide staff of about 2,200 in 2018 and an annual budget of about \u20ac6.68 billion (~US$7.43 billion) in 2020.ESA's space flight programme includes human spaceflight (mainly through participation in the International Space Station program); the launch and operation of uncrewed exploration missions to other planets and the Moon; Earth observation, science and telecommunication; designing launch vehicles; and maintaining a major spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana. The main European launch vehicle Ariane 5 is operated through Arianespace with ESA sharing in the costs of launching and further developing this launch vehicle. The agency is also working with NASA to manufacture the Orion Spacecraft service module, that will fly on the Space Launch System.The agency's facilities are distributed among the following centres:\n\nESA science missions are based at ESTEC in Noordwijk, Netherlands;\nEarth Observation missions at ESA Centre for Earth Observation in Frascati, Italy;\nESA Mission Control (ESOC) is in Darmstadt, Germany;\nthe European Astronaut Centre (EAC) that trains astronauts for future missions is situated in Cologne, Germany;\nthe European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications (ECSAT), a research institute created in 2009, is located in Harwell, England;\nand the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC) is located in Villanueva de la Ca\u00f1ada, Madrid, Spain.The European Space Agency Science Programme is a long-term programme of space science and space exploration missions.", "Q682581": "Piz Dolf (Romansh) or Trinserhorn (German) is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located on the border between the cantons of St. Gallen and Graub\u00fcnden.\nPiz Sardona is to the north across a glacier, and to its west Piz Segnas. Both Piz Segnas and Piz Dolf show the line of the Glarus thrust in its upper part. The easiest access to the area is an aerial cableway to Fil de Cassons from Flims or any of various hikes to this ridge lying southeast of Piz Dolf. One route uses the ascent via Val Bargis (the path can be seen on the picture (right) crossing the southern face of Piz Dolf in vegetation).", "Q74908": "Daniel Joseph Donegan (born August 1, 1968) is an American musician, who currently serves as the lead and rhythm guitarist/keyboardist for the heavy metal band Disturbed. Donegan began playing guitar as a teenager and eventually formed a band called Vandal, which was a 1980s-style glam metal band. He also played with some of the members of Vandal in another band that was called Loudmouth. Donegan was added to the guitar show \"Chop Shop's\" list of \"Top 100 Most Complete Guitar Players of All Time\" at number 76. Donegan is currently pursuing a side project band, Fight or Flight in collaboration with Disturbed band member Mike Wengren.", "Q242234": "Brittni De La Mora (n\u00e9e Ruiz, known previously as Jenna Presley) (born 1 April 1987) is an American minister at Cornerstone Church in San Diego, who is now an outspoken critic regarding her life as a former pornographic actress. She was regarded as one of the world's \"hottest\" porn stars before she quit the industry.", "Q118196": "Nello Celio (12 February 1914 \u2013 29 December 1995) was a Swiss politician representing Canton Ticino.\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 15 December 1966 and handed over office on 31 December 1973. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party. \nDuring his office time he held the following departments:\n\nMilitary Department (1967\u20131968)\nDepartment of Finance (1968\u20131973)He was President of the Confederation in 1972 and Vice-president in 1971.", "Q1710580": "Juan Alberto March Ordinas (4 October 1880 \u2013 10 March 1962) was a Spanish businessman closely associated with the Nationalist side, led by Francisco Franco during and after the Spanish Civil War. Juan March was the wealthiest man in Spain and the sixth richest man in the world. The March family are among the richest in Spain, reported to be worth over US$5 billion.\n\n", "Q503027": "Powers Allen Boothe (June 1, 1948 \u2013 May 14, 2017) was an American television, video game, and film actor and voice actor. Some of his most notable roles include his Emmy-winning portrayal of Jim Jones in Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones and his turns as TV detective Philip Marlowe in the 1980s, Cy Tolliver on Deadwood, \"Curly Bill\" Brocius in Tombstone, Vice President and subsequently President Noah Daniels on 24, and Lamar Wyatt in Nashville.", "Q127366": "Thrasyvoulos Zaimis (Greek: \u0398\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u0396\u03b1\u0390\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2, 1822\u20131880) was a Greek politician and the 21st Prime Minister of Greece. Zaimis was born in Kerpini, Kalavryta on 29 October 1822, the son of Andreas Zaimis, a soldier and government leader before the recognition of Greece's freedom from the Ottoman Empire. Zaimis studied law in France and was first elected to the Hellenic Parliament in 1850. He served four terms as President of Parliament and also as minister in several governments. In 1864, he was the representative of the Greek government who accepted the cession of the Ionian Islands from the British government, a gift that coincided with the enthronement of King George of Greece. Zaimis served two terms as Prime Minister and died in Athens on 27 October 1880. Thrasyvoulos Zaimis was the father of Alexandros Zaimis, also a Prime Minister of Greece.", "Q65805": "Seuzach is a municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q98778": "Dr. Rolf B\u00f6hme (6 August 1934, Konstanz \u2013 12 February 2019), was a German politician and mayor of the Southwest city of Freiburg for 20 years between 1982 and 2002.He was a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).\nBefore becoming Mayor, he was a member of the German parliament (Bundestag) between 1972 and 1982. From 1978 until 1982, he was also deputy minister of the Finance Ministry of the German Federal Republic (Parliamentarischer Staatssekret\u00e4r).", "Q735539": "K\u00e2z\u0131m Koyuncu (November 7, 1972 \u2013 June 25, 2005) was a Turkish singer-songwriter and activist of Laz ancestry.\nHe was born in a village called Ye\u015filk\u00f6y, Hopa/Artvin. Koyuncu recorded songs in a number of languages spoken along the northeastern Black Sea coast of Turkey, as well as the language of Laz. He was the founder and singer of Zu\u011fa\u015fi Berepe (\"The Children of the Sea\"), a folk rock group founded in 1993. Following the group's break-up in 2000, Koyuncu went on to record two solo albums, Viya! in 2001 and Hayde in 2004, which proved to be popular across Turkey and also in Georgia.\nHe died during treatment for testicular cancer in 2005. Although strongly denied by Health Minister Recep Akda\u011f, it is popularly thought that the Chernobyl disaster was the cause of Koyuncu's cancer, a sentiment shared by many locals on Turkey's Black Sea coast.He primarily sang in Laz language and his most famous songs were also in Laz. His albums also contain several songs in Turkish, Armenian, Homshetsi, Georgian and Megrelian.\nHe fought for nature and was against the construction of a nuclear reactor at Sinop on the northern Black Sea coast of Turkey. He was a well-known activist in environmental and cultural issues. The anniversary of his death is commemorated. According to a review in Daily Sabah in 2015, \"Koyuncu's audience is an interesting combination of leftists and environmentalists, rock music seekers and people of Black Sea origin.\"", "Q311678": "Jason Scott Dolley (born July 5, 1991) is an American actor, musician and Twitch streamer, known for his roles in Disney Channel shows and movies. These include Newton \"Newt\" Livingston III on Cory in the House, Virgil Fox in Minutemen, Connor Kennedy in Read It and Weep, Pete Ivey in Hatching Pete, and PJ Duncan on Good Luck Charlie.", "Q80137": "Emily Jane Bront\u00eb (, commonly ; 30 July 1818 \u2013 19 December 1848) was an English novelist and poet who is best known for her only novel, Wuthering Heights, now considered a classic of English literature. She also published one book of poetry with her sisters Charlotte and Anne titled Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell with her own poems finding regard as poetic genius. Emily was the third-eldest of the four surviving Bront\u00eb siblings, between the youngest Anne and her brother Branwell. She published under the pen name Ellis Bell.", "Q57121": "Crissier (French pronunciation: \u200b[k\u0281isje]) is a municipality in the district of Ouest Lausannois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.\nIt is a suburb of Lausanne.", "Q390428": "Josephine Wessely (18 March 1860 \u2013 12 August 1887) was an Austrian theatre actress.\nBorn in Vienna the daughter of a shoemaker, talented Wessely from about 1874 attended the drama school at the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde conservatory. She gave her debut in 1876, performing as Luise in Schiller's Intrigue and Love at the Leipzig city theatre. She promoted her career by guest appearances in Berlin and Vienna, and in 1879 became a member of the Burgtheater ensemble receiving the honorific title of a \"k.k. court actress\" in 1884.\n\nShe was the aunt of acclaimed Austrian actress Paula Wessely (1907\u20132000). Although there was an approximate forty-seven-year-age difference, they have been frequently been mistakenly considered sisters. Josephine Wessely's career was short but it had sufficient impact to make her an idol for her niece and other stage actors. Josephine Wessely was known for playing juvenile tragic roles. She gained recognition for playing Gretchen in Goethe's Faust, Kl\u00e4rchen in Egmont and Marie Beaumarchais in Clavigo, as well as for her performance as Lessing's Emilia Galotti.\nWessely died aged 27, probably from leukaemia taking a cure at Carlsbad, never knowing her niece. She is buried at the H\u00fctteldorf cemetery in Vienna. A portrait of her by Eduard Charlemont is on display at the gallery in the Burgtheater foyer. In 1931 a street was named in her honor in Vienna-Meidling.", "Q208473": "Przemy\u015bl ([\u02c8p\u0282\u025bm\u0268\u0255l] (listen) German: Premissel, Ukrainian: \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0448\u043b\u044c, Peremyshl) is a city in southeastern Poland with 66,756 inhabitants, as of June 2009. In 1999, it became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship; it was previously the capital of Przemy\u015bl Voivodeship.\nPrzemy\u015bl owes its long and rich history to the advantages of its geographic location. The city lies in an area connecting mountains and lowlands known as the Przemy\u015bl Gate, with open lines of transportation, and fertile soil. It also lies on the navigable San River. Important trade routes that connect Central Europe from Przemy\u015bl ensure the city's importance.", "Q71680": "Princess Sophie Friederike Karoline Luise of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (19 August 1778 \u2013 9 July 1835) was a princess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and the sister of Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and King Leopold I of Belgium, and aunt of Queen Victoria. By marriage, she was a Countess of Mensdorff-Pouilly.\nShe was born in Coburg, the eldest child of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf.\n\n", "Q1773755": "\u00d8ystein Greni (born 15 June 1974 in Oslo) is the singer and lead guitar player of the Norwegian rock and roll band BigBang.", "Q82708": "The Church of England (C of E) is the established church of England. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric, although the monarch is the supreme governor. The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century, and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury.The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534. The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI's regents, before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip. The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach, and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed:\n\nCatholic in that it views itself as a part of the universal church of Jesus Christ in unbroken continuity with the early apostolic church. This is expressed in its emphasis on the teachings of the early Church Fathers, as formalised in the Apostles', Nicene, and Athanasian creeds.\nReformed in that it has been shaped by some of the doctrinal principles of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation, in particular in the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion and the Book of Common Prayer.In the earlier phase of the English Reformation there were both Catholic martyrs and radical Protestant martyrs. The later phases saw the Penal Laws punish Roman Catholic and nonconforming Protestants. In the 17th century, the Puritan and Presbyterian factions continued to challenge the leadership of the Church which under the Stuarts veered towards a more catholic interpretation of the Elizabethan Settlement especially under Archbishop Laud and the rise of the concept of Anglicanism as the via media. After the victory of the Parliamentarians, the Prayer Book was abolished and the Presbyterian and Independent factions dominated. The Episcopacy was abolished. The Restoration restored the Church of England, episcopacy and the Prayer Book. Papal recognition of George III in 1766 led to greater religious tolerance.\nSince the English Reformation, the Church of England has used a liturgy in English. The church contains several doctrinal strands, the main three known as Anglo-Catholic, evangelical, and broad church. Tensions between theological conservatives and progressives find expression in debates over the ordination of women and homosexuality. The church includes both liberal and conservative clergy and members.The governing structure of the church is based on dioceses, each presided over by a bishop. Within each diocese are local parishes. The General Synod of the Church of England is the legislative body for the church and comprises bishops, other clergy and laity. Its measures must be approved by both Houses of Parliament.", "Q313047": "Denholm Mitchell Elliott, (31 May 1922 \u2013 6 October 1992) was an English actor, with more than 125 film and television credits. His well-known roles include the abortionist in Alfie (1966), Marcus Brody in Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989), Coleman in Trading Places (1983), and Mr Emerson in A Room with a View (1985).\nElliott earned critical acclaim in his later career. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in A Room with a View and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in three consecutive years in the 1980s, becoming the only actor ever to have achieved this. The American film critic Roger Ebert described him as \"the most dependable of all British character actors.\" The New York Times called him \"a star among supporting players\" and \"an accomplished scene-stealer\".", "Q924993": "The Orb is an electronic music group founded in 1988 by Alex Paterson and The KLF member Jimmy Cauty. Beginning as ambient and dub DJs in London, their early performances were inspired by electronic artists of the 1970s and 1980s, most notably Brian Eno and Kraftwerk. Because of their psychedelic sound, the Orb developed a cult following among clubbers \"coming down\" from drug-induced highs.The Orb have maintained their drug-related science fiction themes despite personnel changes, including the departure of Cauty and members Kris Weston, Andy Falconer, Simon Phillips, Nick Burton, and Andy Hughes. Paterson has been the only permanent member, continuing to work as the Orb with Swiss-German producer Thomas Fehlmann and, later, with Martin \"Youth\" Glover, bassist of Killing Joke. Beyond recognition on their albums and concerts, his unauthorised use of other artists' works has led to disputes with musicians, most notably with Rickie Lee Jones.During their live shows of the 1990s, The Orb performed using digital audio tape machines optimised for live mixing and sampling before switching to laptops and digital media. Despite changes in performance method, The Orb maintained their colourful light shows and psychedelic imagery in concert. These visually intense performances prompted critics to compare the group to Pink Floyd, whose guitarist, David Gilmour, collaborated with them on the album Metallic Spheres in 2010.\nThey released their fifteenth studio album, No Sounds Are Out of Bounds, on 22 June 2018 via Cooking Vinyl.", "Q831352": "J\u00f6rg Burger (born 1962) is a German record producer who has had several releases on Kompakt as Triola, including an album, Triola im F\u00fcnftonraum, in 2004. He is also in a duo with Wolfgang Voigt.", "Q1689835": "Ji\u0159\u00ed \"George\" Traxler (March 12, 1912 \u2013 August 7, 2011) was a Czech Canadian jazz and swing pianist, composer, lyricist and arranger. He is considered a founder and co-creator of the swing music era in the Czechoslovakia. Traxler was the last surviving collaborator of the renowned Czech pre-war composer Jaroslav Je\u017eek. In 1951 he emigrated to Canada, and lived with his wife, Jarmila, in Edmonton until his death in the summer of 2011.", "Q126050": "Kelly Coffield Park (born January 19, 1962) is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for being an original cast member of the sketch comedy television series In Living Color.\nIn 1997, Park had a supporting role in the short-lived Fox ensemble drama 413 Hope St. She has also appeared in feature films such as Field of Dreams (1989), Quiz Show (1994), Jerry Maguire (1996), Rhinos (1999), Scary Movie (2000), The Specials (2000), and Undercover Brother (2002; cameo appearance). Her latest film is Bride Wars (2009).\nPark appeared on an episode of the TV series Wings and on the Seinfeld episodes \"The Chinese Woman\" and \"The Pledge Drive\" as \"Noreen,\" whose relationships with men were regularly destroyed by Elaine Benes. Kelly has also made guest appearances on My Wife and Kids and The Jamie Foxx Show.\nShe married Steve Park, another former cast member of In Living Color, in 1999. They have a son, Owen, and a daughter, Eliza.", "Q91012": "Ehrengard Schramm (1900\u20131985) was a German politician and writer.", "Q2444377": "Smolensky Cemetery (Russian: \u0421\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435) is the oldest continuously operating cemetery in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It occupies a rectangular parcel in the western part of Vasilievsky Island, on the bank of the small Smolenka River, and is divided into the Orthodox, Lutheran, and Armenian sections.", "Q347416": "Louis-Guillaume Perreaux (19 February 1816 \u2013 5 April 1889) was a French inventor and engineer who submitted one of the first patents for a working motorcycle in 1869.", "Q88543": "Leopold Wagner (1927, Klagenfurt \u2013 26 September 2008) was an Austrian politician of the Social Democratic Party (SP\u00d6), serving as governor (Landeshauptmann) of Carinthia from 1974 to 1988.\nWagner was governor of Carinthia for three consecutive terms, with an absolute majority in the state parliament each time, making him the only Carinthian governor with such a lengthy period of unchallenged rule. Along with his deputies, Erwin Fr\u00fchbauer and Rudolf Gallob, he modernized the state considerably, and was considered a leading figure in its post-World War II politics.He was controversial within his generally left-wing party, however, for his populist, nationalist tone. He replaced Hans Sima as governor amidst a wave of popular nostalgia for pan-German and nationalist sentiment, which he took advantage of by speaking unapologetically of his former high-ranking position in the Hitler Youth, and inveighing against Carinthia's Slovene minority.He stepped down as governor in 1988, after being shot and seriously wounded in late 1987 at his 40th high school reunion, during a dispute with a former classmate. His populist nationalism is seen as a forerunner for that of J\u00f6rg Haider, who took over as governor of Carinthia a year later, in 1989.", "Q961217": "Keri Kelli (born Kenneth Fear Jr.) is an American hard rock guitarist who has played with artists and groups including Alice Cooper, Slash, Jani Lane, Vince Neil and John Waite. In March 2013 he formed Project Rock together with James Kottak from the Scorpions. Project Rock consisted of Keri Kelli, James Kottak, Tim 'Ripper' Owens, Rudy Sarzo & Teddy Zig-Zag. Kelli is currently in the band Night Ranger.", "Q15312": "The Jungfrau (\"maiden, virgin\"), at 4,158 meters (13,642 ft) is one of the main summits of the Bernese Alps, located between the northern canton of Bern and the southern canton of Valais, halfway between Interlaken and Fiesch. Together with the Eiger and M\u00f6nch, the Jungfrau forms a massive wall of mountains overlooking the Bernese Oberland and the Swiss Plateau, one of the most distinctive sights of the Swiss Alps.\nThe summit was first reached on August 3, 1811, by the Meyer brothers of Aarau and two chamois hunters from Valais. The ascent followed a long expedition over the glaciers and high passes of the Bernese Alps. It was not until 1865 that a more direct route on the northern side was opened.\nThe construction of the Jungfrau railway in the early 20th century, which connects Kleine Scheidegg to the Jungfraujoch, the saddle between the M\u00f6nch and the Jungfrau, made the area one of the most-visited places in the Alps. Along with the Aletsch Glacier to the south, the Jungfrau is part of the Jungfrau-Aletsch area, which was declared a World Heritage Site in 2001.", "Q87670": "Rudolf Hieronymus Petersen (30 December 1878 in Hamburg \u2013 10 September 1962 in Wentorf bei Hamburg) was a German businessman, politician (CDU) and First Mayor of Hamburg (1945\u201346).\nPetersen's brother Carl Wilhelm Petersen was head of Hamburg's government (first mayor) between 1924 and 1929 and again from 1932 to 1933. Their grandfather Carl Friedrich Petersen had officiated as first mayor several terms, last until his death in 1892. In 1911, Rudolf Petersen founded the business Rudolf Petersen und Co. \u2014 after several mergers today MPC Capital AG. In May 1945 after the World War II, Brigadier General Sir George Armytage \u2014 Military Governor of Hamburg \u2014 appointed Petersen mayor of Hamburg. Petersen joined the CDU. In 1946, he was followed by Max Brauer, who was elected as the First Mayor, and Petersen remained member of the Hamburg Parliament until 1949.\n\n", "Q159684": "Virgil Hamlin Goode Jr. (born October 17, 1946) is an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1997 to 2009. He was initially a Democrat, but became an independent in 2000 and switched to the Republican Party in 2002.\nHe represented the 5th congressional district of Virginia. He lost his seat in the 2008 election to Democrat Tom Perriello.In 2012, he was the presidential nominee of the Constitution Party.\n\n", "Q98750": "Julius Stettenheim (born 3 December 1831 in Hamburg, Germany, died 30 October 1916 in Lichterfelde) was a German writer, author of humorous sketches, farces and musical comedies, who also wrote under the pseudonym \"Wippchen\".", "Q971004": "Salom\u00f3n de la Selva (March 20, 1893, Le\u00f3n Nicaragua - February 5, 1959, Paris, France) was a Nicaraguan poet and honorary member of the Mexican Academy of Language.\n\n", "Q369933": "Luke Kelly (17 November 1940 \u2013 30 January 1984) was an Irish singer, folk musician and actor from Dublin, Ireland. Born into a working-class household in Dublin city, Kelly moved to England in his late teens and by his early 20s had become involved in a folk music revival. Returning to Dublin in the 1960s, he is noted as a founding member of the band The Dubliners. Becoming known for his distinctive singing style, and sometimes political messages, the Irish Post and other commentators have regarded Kelly as one of Ireland's greatest folk singers.", "Q1501409": "Michael Anthony Woods is an English producer, DJ, and remixer of various EDM genres, mainly progressive house, electro house and trance. He is the founder of the imprint label Diffused Music, which was established in 2010 and focuses primarily on progressive house and tech house. He has worked under the stage names of Out of Office, Warrior, Accadia, M1 and M3.", "Q202638": "FDP.The Liberals (German: FDP.Die Liberalen, French: PLR.Les Lib\u00e9raux-Radicaux, Italian: PLR.I Liberali, Romansh: PLD.Ils Liberals) is a liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and the largest in the Council of States.\nThe party was formed on 1 January 2009, after two parties, the Free Democratic Party (FDP) and the smaller Liberal Party, united. In Vaud and Valais, the parties retain separate organisations. Its youth organisation is Young Liberals. With 120,000 members as of 2015, the FDP has the most members of any party: 20% more than the second-placed Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland (CVP).The party is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and an observer member of the Liberal International. The party's president is Petra G\u00f6ssi. The current FDP representatives in the Federal Council are Ignazio Cassis and Karin Keller-Sutter.", "Q176101": "The Agassizhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps in Switzerland. It lies just north-west of the Finsteraarhorn, the main summit of the range. The Agassizhorn is the tripoint between the valleys of the Lower Grindelwald Glacier, the Unteraar Glacier and the Fiescher Glacier. Because the Lower Grindelwald and Unteraar glaciers drain into the Aar and hence the Rhine and North Sea, whilst the Fiescher glacier drains into the Rhone and hence the Mediterranean Sea, the Sidelhorn lies on the European continental divide.Administratively, the summit is shared between the municipalities of Grindelwald, to the north-west, Guttannen, to the north-east, and Fieschertal, to the south. Grindelwald and Guttannen are in the canton of Bern, whilst Fieschertal is in the canton of Valais.The mountain was named after the Swiss geologist and explorer Louis Agassiz.", "Q468862": "Victor Henry Grinich (November 26, 1924 \u2013 November 4, 2000) was a pioneer in the semiconductor industry and a member of the \"traitorous eight\" that founded Silicon Valley.", "Q504006": "Platon Mikhailovich Kerzhentsev (Russian: \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043d \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432), real name Lebedev (\u041b\u0435\u0301\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432) (4 August 1881 \u2013 2 June 1940) was a Russian state and party official, journalist, historian, playwright and arts theorist who was involved with the Proletkult movement. From 29 December 1930 \u2013 23 March 1933 he served as Administrator of Affairs of the Council of People's Commissars, and was the second person to fill that post.\nHe was the first Soviet historian of Ireland and was considered the leading expert on Ireland in the Soviet Union.", "Q24871": "Avatar (marketed as James Cameron's Avatar) is a 2009 American epic science fiction film directed, written, produced, and co-edited by James Cameron and stars Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, Michelle Rodriguez, and Sigourney Weaver. The film is set in the mid-22nd century when humans are colonizing Pandora, a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauri star system, in order to mine the mineral unobtanium, a room-temperature superconductor. The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Na'vi \u2013 a humanoid species indigenous to Pandora. The film's title refers to a genetically engineered Na'vi body operated from the brain of a remotely located human that is used to interact with the natives of Pandora.Development of Avatar began in 1994, when Cameron wrote an 80-page treatment for the film. Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Cameron's 1997 film Titanic, for a planned release in 1999, but, according to Cameron, the necessary technology was not yet available to achieve his vision of the film. Work on the language of the film's extraterrestrial beings began in 2005, and Cameron began developing the screenplay and fictional universe in early 2006. Avatar was officially budgeted at $237 million. Other estimates put the cost between $280 million and $310 million for production and at $150 million for promotion. The film made extensive use of new motion capture filming techniques, and was released for traditional viewing, 3D viewing (using the RealD 3D, Dolby 3D, XpanD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats), and for \"4D\" experiences in select South Korean theaters. The stereoscopic filmmaking was touted as a breakthrough in cinematic technology.Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was released in the United States on December 18 to positive reviews, with critics highly praising its groundbreaking visual effects. During its theatrical run, the film broke several box office records and became the highest-grossing film at the time, as well as in the United States and Canada, surpassing Cameron's Titanic, which had held those records for twelve years. Avatar remained the highest-grossing film worldwide for nearly a decade, before being overtaken by Avengers: Endgame in 2019. To this day, Avatar remains the second highest-grossing movie of all time when adjusted for inflation after Gone with the Wind with a total of more than $3 billion. It also became the first film to gross more than $2 billion and the best-selling film of 2010 in the United States. Avatar was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, and won three, for Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography and Best Visual Effects.\nFollowing the film's success, Cameron signed with 20th Century Fox to produce four sequels: Avatar 2 and Avatar 3 have completed principal filming, and are scheduled to be released on December 17, 2021, and December 22, 2023, respectively; subsequent sequels are scheduled to be released on December 19, 2025, and December 17, 2027. Several cast members are expected to return, including Worthington, Saldana, Lang, and Weaver.", "Q166312": "Wesley Morris (born 1975) is an American journalist, film critic and podcast host. He is currently critic-at-large for The New York Times, as well as co-host, with Jenna Wortham, of the Times podcast Still Processing. Previously, Morris wrote for The Boston Globe, then Grantland. He won the 2012 Pulitzer Prize for Criticism for his work with The Globe.", "Q15474": "Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet FRSE DD FSAS (8 March 1788 \u2013 6 May 1856) was a Scottish metaphysician. He is often referred to as William Stirling Hamilton of Preston, in reference to his mother, Elizabeth Stirling.", "Q581018": "Claude Mauriac (25 April 1914, Paris \u2013 22 March 1996) was a French author and journalist, the eldest son of the author Fran\u00e7ois Mauriac.\nHe was the personal secretary of Charles de Gaulle from 1944 to 1949, before becoming a cinema critic and arts person of Le Figaro. He was the author of several novels and essays, and co-scripted the movie adaptation of his father's novel Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Desqueyroux. He also wrote a study of the novelist Marcel Proust, his wife's great-uncle. Mauriac was also a close friend of French philosopher Michel Foucault.", "Q995396": "Alfred Dolge (December 22, 1848 \u2013 January 5, 1922) was a German-born industrialist, inventor, and author of two books.\nOriginally an importer and manufacturer of piano materials he later founded his own factory, manufacturing felt products at Brockett's Bridge, Fulton County, New York, which in 1887 was renamed to Dolgeville.\n\n", "Q233383": "Phan Th\u1ecb Kim Ph\u00fac (Vietnamese pronunciation: [fa\u02d0\u014b t\u02b0\u026a\u0302\u02c0 kim f\u00fak\u0361p\u031a]; born April 6, 1963), referred to informally as the Napalm girl, is a South Vietnamese-born Canadian woman best known as the nine-year-old child depicted in the Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph taken at Tr\u1ea3ng B\u00e0ng during the Vietnam War on June 8, 1972. The well-known photo, by AP photographer Nick Ut, shows her at nine years of age running naked on a road after being severely burned on her back by a South Vietnamese napalm attack.", "Q1254": "Kofi Atta Annan (; 8 April 1938 \u2013 18 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela.Annan studied economics at Macalester College, international relations at the Graduate Institute Geneva, and management at MIT. Annan joined the UN in 1962, working for the World Health Organization's Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed the Secretary-General on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council, and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first office holder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001, and was succeeded as Secretary-General by Ban Ki-moon on 1 January 2007.\nAs the Secretary-General, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy; worked to combat HIV/AIDS, especially in Africa; and launched the UN Global Compact. He was criticized for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for his resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme, but was largely exonerated of personal corruption. After the end of his term as UN Secretary-General, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development. In 2012, Annan was the UN\u2013Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria, to help find a resolution to the ongoing conflict there. Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regards to conflict resolution. In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis.\n\n", "Q447659": "Anastasiya Alekseyevna Verbitskaya (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u044f \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0301\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f), (22 February 1861 \u2013 16 January 1928), was a Russian novelist, playwright, screenplay writer, publisher and feminist.", "Q3569866": "Robert Wood \"Woody\" Johnson IV (born April 12, 1947) is an American businessman who is currently United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom. He is a great-grandson of Robert Wood Johnson I (co-founder of Johnson & Johnson). With his brother, Christopher, he is the owner of the New York Jets of the National Football League.", "Q2654876": "Simon I the Great (Georgian: \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10dc I \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8) also known as Svimon (Georgian: \u10e1\u10d5\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8) (1537\u20131611), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a Georgian king of Kartli from 1556 to 1569 and again from 1578 to 1599. His first tenure was marked by war against the Persian domination of Georgia. In 1569 he was captured by the Persians, and spent nine years in captivity. In 1578 he was released and reinstalled in Kartli. During this period (i.e. his second tenure), he fought as a Persian subject against the Ottoman domination of Georgia. In 1599 Simon I was captured by the Ottomans and died in captivity. During 1557 to 1569 he was known as Mahmud Khan (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646\u200e, romanized: Mahm\u016bd Kh\u0101n) and from 1578 to 1599 as Shahnavaz Khan (Persian: \u0634\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u200e, romanized: Sh\u0101hnav\u0101z Kh\u0101n)", "Q213053": "Superman (also known as Superman: The Movie) is a 1978 superhero film directed by Richard Donner, based on the DC Comics character of the same name. An international co-production between the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Panama and the United States, the film stars an ensemble cast featuring Marlon Brando, Gene Hackman, Christopher Reeve, Jeff East, Margot Kidder, Glenn Ford, Phyllis Thaxter, Jackie Cooper, Trevor Howard, Marc McClure, Terence Stamp, Valerie Perrine, Ned Beatty, Jack O'Halloran, Maria Schell, and Sarah Douglas. It depicts the origin of Superman (Reeve), including his infancy as Kal-El of Krypton, son of Jor-El (Brando) and his youthful years in the rural town of Smallville. Disguised as reporter Clark Kent, he adopts a mild-mannered disposition in Metropolis and develops a romance with Lois Lane (Kidder), while battling the villainous Lex Luthor (Hackman).\nSeveral directors, most notably Guy Hamilton, and screenwriters (Mario Puzo, David and Leslie Newman, and Robert Benton), were associated with the project before Richard Donner was hired to direct. Tom Mankiewicz was drafted in to rewrite the script and was given a \"creative consultant\" credit. It was decided to film both Superman and its sequel Superman II (1980) simultaneously, with principal photography beginning in March 1977 and ending in October 1978. Tensions arose between Donner and the producers, and a decision was made to stop filming the sequel, of which 75 percent had already been completed, and finish the first film.The most expensive film made up to that point, with a budget of $55 million, Superman was released in December 1978 to critical and financial success; its worldwide box office earnings of $300 million made it the second-highest-grossing release of the year. It received praise for Reeve's performance and John Williams's musical score, and was nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Film Editing, Best Music (Original Score), and Best Sound, and received a Special Achievement Academy Award for Visual Effects. Groundbreaking in its use of special effects and science fiction/fantasy storytelling, the film's legacy presaged the mainstream popularity of Hollywood's superhero film franchises. In 2017, Superman was selected for preservation by the Library of Congress's National Film Registry.", "Q73929": "Christian Ludolf Wienbarg (25 December 1802 \u2013 2 January 1872) was a German journalist and literary critic, one of the founders of the Young Germany movement during the Vorm\u00e4rz period.", "Q99328": "Winfried Hermann (born 19 July 1952 in Rottenburg am Neckar) is a German politician. He is a member of the Green party. From 1998 to 2011 he was a MP of the German Bundestag. Since 2011 he has been State Minister of Transport in the Cabinets Kretschmann I and II. From 1992 to 1997 he was chairman of The Greens in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.", "Q13005": "Li Yaotang (25 November 1904 \u2013 17 October 2005), better known by his pen name Ba Jin and also known as Li Pei Kan, was a Chinese author and political activist best known for his novel The Family. He is considered to be one of the most important and widely read Chinese writers of the 20th century.\nBa Jin's son Li Xiao is also a fiction writer.", "Q1284658": "Wifredo Pelayo Ricart Medina (15 May 1897 \u2013 19 August 1974) was a Spanish engineer, designer and executive manager in the automotive industry, who spent his professional career in Spain and Italy.", "Q653858": "The Barbican Centre is a performing arts centre in the Barbican Estate of the City of London and the largest of its kind in Europe. The Centre hosts classical and contemporary music concerts, theatre performances, film screenings and art exhibitions. It also houses a library, three restaurants, and a conservatory. The Barbican Centre is member of the Global Cultural Districts Network.\nThe London Symphony Orchestra and the BBC Symphony Orchestra are based in the Centre's Concert Hall. In 2013, it once again became the London-based venue of the Royal Shakespeare Company following the company's departure in 2001.The Barbican Centre is owned, funded, and managed by the City of London Corporation, the third-largest arts funder in the United Kingdom. It was built as The City's gift to the nation at a cost of \u00a3161 million (equivalent to \u00a3480 million in 2014) and was officially opened to the public by Queen Elizabeth II on 3 March 1982. The Barbican Centre is also known for its brutalist architecture.", "Q3296425": "Mar\u00eda Antonieta G\u00f3mez-Rodr\u00edguez (born 22 December 1950), more commonly known by her stage name Mar\u00eda Antonieta de las Nieves, is a Mexican actress, comedian, and singer. Her best remembered role is that of La Chilindrina, one of the main characters of the Televisa sitcom El Chavo del Ocho.", "Q113955": "Virginia Dodd Smith (June 30, 1911 \u2013 January 23, 2006) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1991 from the Third Congressional District of Nebraska. She was the first woman from Nebraska to hold a seat in the House.", "Q1765889": "Miguel Fa\u00edlde P\u00e9rez (23 December 1852, in Guacamaro, Matanzas \u2013 26 December 1921) was a Cuban musician and bandleader. He was the official originator of the danz\u00f3n, and the founder of the Orquesta Fa\u00edlde.\n\nFa\u00edlde's father was a Galician immigrant, and his mother a parda (dark mulata). He was first taught music by his father, who was a trombone player, and at ten played cornet in the Banda de Bomberos (firemen) de Matanzas. Later he learnt harmony and composition under a French tutor, Federico Peclier. He also learnt the viola and double bass. Fa\u00edlde was one of many musicians who actively conspired against the Spanish colonial rule; his life included the time of the Cuban War of Independence.His orchestra was highly successful, though his major achievements were the creation of the danz\u00f3n and the compositions he wrote, many of which have been adapted since for other rhythms. The danz\u00f3n was, in his own words, a development of the danza, and that was the child of the contradanza. \"De la danza al danz\u00f3n hab\u00eda un simple paso.\" (from the danza to the danz\u00f3n is a simple step) Actually, it was not quite such a simple step. For a start, the danz\u00f3n was a much slower dance than both the contradanza and the danza; and it allowed for pauses between the different sections of a number. Both these features were welcomed in the tropical climate of Cuba. Perhaps even more significantly, the danz\u00f3n was a couple dance, though not a moving one like the waltz. The contradanza and danza were both sequence dances involving the whole dance-floor, as were all ballroom dances before the waltz.\nThe habanera was the established favourite before the danz\u00f3n came on the scene. It was also a slow dance, and a descendant of the contradanza. The habanera had the advantage of being a sung genre, which the danz\u00f3n was not until much later. Both genres made use of syncopated creole rhythms; in the danz\u00f3n it is the cinquillo. In retrospect it is often difficult to see why one genre is preferred to another; the quality of compositions and the orchestras which choose to play it must have some influence.\nDid Fa\u00edlde really invent the danz\u00f3n? The doubt is caused by the work of Manuel Saumell, who anticipated many of the rhythms which came later in the 19th century, and who may be the most important Cuban composer of that century. At length the Cuban government made Fa\u00edlde the official inventor of the danz\u00f3n \u2013 in 1960, by which time the danz\u00f3n had become a relic, and its 'child', the chachach\u00e1, had taken over.After his death in 1921 he was interred in the Necropolis San Carlos Borromeo, Matanzas.", "Q269927": "David Alan Mamet (; born November 30, 1947) is an American playwright, film director, screenwriter and author. He won a Pulitzer Prize and received Tony nominations for his plays Glengarry Glen Ross (1984) and Speed-the-Plow (1988). He first gained critical acclaim for a trio of off-Broadway 1970s plays: The Duck Variations, Sexual Perversity in Chicago, and American Buffalo. His plays Race and The Penitent, respectively, opened on Broadway in 2009 and previewed off-Broadway in 2017.\nFeature films that Mamet both wrote and directed include House of Games (1987), Homicide (1991), The Spanish Prisoner (1997) and his biggest commercial success Heist (2001). His screenwriting credits include The Postman Always Rings Twice (1981), The Verdict (1982), The Untouchables (1987), Hoffa (1992), Wag the Dog (1997), and Hannibal (2001). Mamet himself wrote the screenplay for the 1992 adaptation of Glengarry Glen Ross, and wrote and directed the 1994 adaptation of his play Oleanna (1992). He was the executive producer and frequent writer for the TV show The Unit (2006\u20132009).\nMamet's books include: On Directing Film (1991), a commentary and dialogue about film-making; The Old Religion (1997), a novel about the lynching of Leo Frank; Five Cities of Refuge: Weekly Reflections on Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy (2004), a Torah commentary with Rabbi Lawrence Kushner; The Wicked Son (2006), a study of Jewish self-hatred and antisemitism; Bambi vs. Godzilla, a commentary on the movie business; The Secret Knowledge: On the Dismantling of American Culture (2011), a commentary on cultural and political issues; and Three War Stories (2013), a trio of novellas about the physical and psychological effects of war.", "Q442721": "Kendall Francis Schmidt (born November 2, 1990) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, music producer and actor. He played Kendall Knight in Big Time Rush, participated in a boy band with the same name, and has had small roles on TV shows such as ER, Without a Trace, Phil of the Future, Ghost Whisperer, Gilmore Girls, and Frasier.", "Q77597": "Il re di Poggioreale (internationally released as Black City and The King of Poggioreale) is a 1961 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Duilio Coletti. It is based on real life events of camorra criminal Peppino Navarra.It stars the American actors Ernest Borgnine and Keenan Wynn.", "Q11612": "Susan Lois Graham (born September 16, 1942) is an American computer scientist. Graham is the Pehong Chen Distinguished Professor in the Computer Science Division of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley.", "Q57647": "Yoshihiko Noda (\u91ce\u7530 \u4f73\u5f66, Noda Yoshihiko, born 20 May 1957) is a Japanese politician who was Prime Minister of Japan from 2011 to 2012. He was a member of the Democratic Party, and a member of the House of Representatives (lower house) in the Diet (national legislature). He was named to succeed Naoto Kan as a result of a runoff vote against Banri Kaieda in his party, and was formally appointed by the Emperor on 2 September 2011.\nFollowing a severe loss for the DPJ in the December 2012 general election, Noda conceded defeat and announced his resignation as party leader. He was succeeded by Shinz\u014d Abe as Prime Minister on 26 December 2012.", "Q95506": "Nikolaus von Dinkelsb\u00fchl was an Austrian Roman Catholic clergyman, pulpit orator and theologian.", "Q519725": "The Revolution is an American rock band formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota and assembled in 1979 by Prince. Although widely associated with rock music, the band's sound incorporated rhythm and blues, pop, funk, and psychedelia elements. Before their official break-up, the Revolution had released two studio albums, two soundtracks, and two videos. The band is known for its many members, varied in race and gender.\nThe Revolution rose to international fame in the mid-1980s with Purple Rain (1984), which reached number one on the Billboard 200 and became certified 13x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The band also achieved its second number-one Billboard 200 album with Around the World in a Day in 1985. They achieved six top 10 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, including three number-ones: \"Let's Go Crazy\", \"When Doves Cry\" and \"Raspberry Beret\". The band officially disbanded in 1986 after the Hit n Run \u2013 Parade Tour, which supported Parade, the soundtrack for Under the Cherry Moon. Following Prince's death in 2016, the band announced reunion shows. The Revolution won three Grammy Awards.", "Q208301": "Khalid bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e Kh\u0101lid ibn \u2018Abd al \u2018Az\u012bz \u0100l Su\u2018\u016bd; 13 February 1913 \u2013 13 June 1982) was King of Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 1982. His reign saw both huge developments in the country due to increase in oil revenues and significant events in the Middle East.", "Q113941": "Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis (French pronunciation: \u200b[d\u0361zypl\u025bsi]; 20 April 1890 \u2013 7 September 1959) served as the 16th Premier of the Canadian province of Quebec from 1936 to 1939 and 1944 to 1959. He rose to power after uniting his Conservative party and the breakaway Action liberale nationale progressive faction of the Liberal party of Premier Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, to form a new national-conservative party, the Union Nationale.His era was later labeled as La Grande Noirceur (\"The Great Darkness\") by its critics, but is also considered the greatest period of Quebec history by traditionalist conservatives who point out Duplessis government support of positive economic and social development based on strong family values in Catholic tradition, his support of private property rights vis-a-vis growing state and labour union challenges, and his strong opposition not only to Communism, but also to secularism, feminism, leftist separatism and other non-conservative political trends and movements that have changed and fragmented Quebec politics and society over the next 60 years, starting with the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s under his Liberal successor Jean Lesage.\nDuring the Duplessis time, the Liberal opposition was unsuccessful in challenging Duplessis' power in 3 elections (1948, 1952 and 1956).\nDuplessis championed rural areas, provincial rights, nationalism, economic development, strong investment in Catholic education and anti-Communism, and had a hard stance with the trade unions.", "Q85715": "Nikolai Grube is a German epigrapher. He was born in Bonn in 1962. Grube entered the University of Hamburg in 1982 and graduated in 1985. His doctoral thesis was published at the same university in 1990. After he received his doctorate, Grube moved to the University of Bonn. Nikolai Grube has been heavily involved in the decipherment of the Maya hieroglyphic script.", "Q38294": "Justus Jonas, the Elder (5 June 1493 \u2013 9 October 1555), or simply Justus Jonas, was a German Lutheran theologian and reformer. He was a Jurist, Professor and Hymn writer. He is best known for his translations of the writings of Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon. He accompanied Martin Luther in his final moments.", "Q1327859": "Saint Elen (Welsh: Elen Luyddog, lit. \"Helen of the Hosts\"), often anglicized as Helen, was a late 4th-century founder of churches in Wales. Traditionally, she is said to have been a daughter of the Romano-British ruler Eudaf Hen (Octavius) and the wife of Macsen Wledig (Magnus Maximus), the 4th-century emperor in Britain, Gaul, and Spain who was killed in battle in 388. Although never formally canonized by Rome, Elen is traditionally considered a saint in the Welsh Church; she is known as Saint Helen of Caernarfon in English to distinguish her from the better-known Saint Helena (\"Helen of Constantinople\").", "Q2749": "Augsburg (UK: OWGZ-burg, US: AWGZ-, German: [\u02c8\u0294a\u028aksb\u028a\u0281k] (listen); Swabian German: Augschburg) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and regional seat of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is the third-largest city in Bavaria (after Munich and Nuremberg) with a population of 300,000 inhabitants, with 885,000 in its metropolitan area.After Neuss and Trier, Augsburg is Germany's third oldest city, founded in 15 BC by the Romans as Augusta Vindelicorum, named after the Roman emperor Augustus. It was a Free Imperial City from 1276 to 1803 and the home of the patrician Fugger and Welser families that dominated European banking in the 16th century. The city played a leading role in the Reformation as the site of the 1530 Augsburg Confession and 1555 Peace of Augsburg. The Fuggerei, the oldest social housing complex in the world, was founded in 1513 by Jakob Fugger.\nIn 2019, UNESCO recognized the Water Management System of Augsburg as a World Heritage Site.", "Q444344": "Yvette Nicole Brown (born August 12, 1971) is an American actress, voice actress, and host. Brown has appeared in numerous commercials, television shows, and films throughout her career. She starred as Shirley Bennett on the NBC comedy series Community. She had a recurring role on the Nickelodeon sitcom Drake & Josh as Helen Dubois, and voiced the character Cookie on the American-Canadian animated series Pound Puppies. Brown also starred as Dani in the 2015 version of The Odd Couple on CBS and as Dina Rose on the ABC sitcom The Mayor. In 2018, she assumed the role of Nora, AA sponsor to Christy, the central character on Mom.\nBrown has also had guest roles in television shows such as That '70s Show, The Office, Boston Legal, Chuck, and The Soul Man. In addition to television, she has had supporting roles in films such as (500) Days of Summer, Tropic Thunder, Repo Men, and Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters. She also voiced \"Harper\" from the video game Minecraft: Story Mode in addition to Cookie on Pound Puppies, Luna on Elena of Avalor and Principal Amanda Waller on DC Super Hero Girls She has hosted Syfy cosplay series Cosplay Melee and has been a frequent couch guest on Talking Dead. She has also served as a guest co-host on talk shows including The View, The Talk, The Real and The Jeff Probst Show.", "Q76845": "The Free German Youth, also known as the FDJ (German: Freie Deutsche Jugend), is a youth movement in Germany. Formerly it was the official youth movement of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Socialist Unity Party of Germany.The organization was meant for young people, both male and female, between the ages of 14 and 25 and comprised about 75% of the young population of former East Germany. In 1981\u20131982, this meant 2.3 million members. After being a member of the Th\u00e4lmann Pioneers, which was for schoolchildren ages 6 to 14, East German youths would usually join the FDJ.The FDJ was intended to be the \"reliable assistant and fighting reserve of the Worker's Party\", or Socialist Unity Party of Germany, was a member of the National Front and had representatives in the People's Chamber. The political and ideological goal of the FDJ was to influence every aspect of life of young people in the GDR, distribution of Marxism\u2013Leninism and the promotion of communist behavior. Membership in the FDJ was nominally voluntary. However, those who did not join lost access to organized holidays, and found it difficult (if not impossible) to be admitted to universities, pursue chosen careers etc. The majority of youths who refused to join did so for religious reasons.While the movement was intended to promote Marxist\u2013Leninist ideology among East Germany's young people, it did not concentrate on this to the exclusion of other activities. It arranged thousands of holidays for young people through its Jugendtourist agency, and ran discos and open-air rock concerts. The Festival of Political Songs was an officially sponsored event from 1970 to 1990.", "Q811928": "Bautista Saavedra Mallea (30 August 1870 in Sorata \u2013 1 May 1939) was President of Bolivia, first as part of a governing junta between 1920\u201321, and then as constitutionally-elected President of the Republic between 1921 and 1925. \nAs leader of the insurgent Republican Party, he instigated and led the coup d'\u00e9tat of 1920 against the long-ruling Liberal Party of President Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Guerra. He had a turbulent term, as his party fragmented almost immediately after the coup, with a large fraction of it going on to form the Partido Republicano-Genuino (Genuine Republican party). Essentially, the split was due to opposition to the largely personalist, centralized, and caudillo-like governing style of Saavedra. He quickly expelled from the country most top-leaders of the Genuino party, and often made use of extra-constitutional means to remain in power. \nUnable to run for re-election in 1925, Saavedra did the next best thing and made sure a hand-picked successor would follow him, presumably one firmly under his thumb. His first choice, Gabino Villanueva, failed to be sufficiently pliable for the President's liking, and Saavedra annulled the 1925 elections on a technicality. Nationwide protests at this transparent effort to manipulate the elections and prolong Saavedra's stay in office forced the President to resign, leaving in his place Felipe Segundo Guzm\u00e1n, the President of the Senate. The latter, clearly a \"Saavedra's man,\" called elections for 1926. \nSaavedra thus renewed his quest to find the ideal proxy candidate through which to rule. He found the perfect man in Hernando Siles, who ran in the elections along with Bautista Saavedra's own brother, Abd\u00f3n Saavedra, as his Vice-Presidential running mate. This allowed the meddling former President to continue to run the strings of the Bolivian government\u2014or so he thought, for President Siles eventually tired of Saavedra's heavy-handed meddling and exiled him along with his brother (his own Vice-President). \nSaavedra remained an influential political leader after that, but never returned to power, especially since his arch-rivals of the Partido Republicano Genuino finally gained power in 1930. He died while exiled in Chile on May 1, 1939.\nThe province of Bautista Saavedra Province was named after this former President. Its capital is Charazani.", "Q933545": "Thomas Wedgwood (14 May 1771 \u2013 10 July 1805), son of Josiah Wedgwood, the potter, is most widely known as an early experimenter in the field of photography.\nHe is the first person known to have thought of creating permanent pictures by capturing camera images on material coated with a light-sensitive chemical. His practical experiments yielded only shadow image photograms that were not light-fast, but his conceptual breakthrough and partial success have led some historians to call him \"the first photographer\".", "Q750": "Bolivia ( (listen) Spanish pronunciation: [bo.\u02c8li.\u03b2ja]), officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia Spanish pronunciation: [es\u02c8ta\u00f0o plu\u027einasjo\u02c8nal de \u03b2o\u02c8li\u03b2ja] (listen)), is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. The constitutional capital is Sucre, while the seat of government and executive capital is La Paz. The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Llanos Orientales (tropical lowlands), a mostly flat region in the east of the country.\nThe sovereign state of Bolivia is a constitutionally unitary state, divided into nine departments. Its geography varies from the peaks of the Andes in the West, to the Eastern Lowlands, situated within the Amazon Basin. It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil, to the southeast by Paraguay, to the south by Argentina, to the southwest by Chile, and to the northwest by Peru. One-third of the country is within the Andean mountain range. With 1,098,581 km2 (424,164 sq mi) of area, Bolivia is the fifth largest country in South America, after Brazil, Argentina, Peru and Colombia (and alongside Paraguay, one of the only two landlocked countries in the Americas), the 27th largest in the world, the largest landlocked country in the Southern Hemisphere and the world's seventh largest landlocked country, after Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Chad, Niger, Mali and Ethiopia.\nThe country's population, estimated at 11 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Mestizos, Europeans, Asians and Africans. Spanish is the official and predominant language, although 36 indigenous languages also have official status, of which the most commonly spoken are Guarani, Aymara and Quechua languages.\nBefore Spanish colonization, the Andean region of Bolivia was part of the Inca Empire, while the northern and eastern lowlands were inhabited by independent tribes. Spanish conquistadors arriving from Cuzco and Asunci\u00f3n took control of the region in the 16th century. During the Spanish colonial period Bolivia was administered by the Royal Audiencia of Charcas. Spain built its empire in large part upon the silver that was extracted from Bolivia's mines.\nAfter the first call for independence in 1809, 16 years of war followed before the establishment of the Republic, named for Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar. Over the course of the 19th and early 20th century Bolivia lost control of several peripheral territories to neighboring countries including the seizure of its coastline by Chile in 1879. Bolivia remained relatively politically stable until 1971, when Hugo Banzer led a coup d'\u00e9tat which replaced the socialist government of Juan Jos\u00e9 Torres with a military dictatorship headed by Banzer; Torres was murdered in Buenos Aires, Argentina by a right-wing death squad in 1976. Banzer's regime cracked down on leftist and socialist opposition and other forms of dissent, resulting in the torture and deaths of a number of Bolivian citizens. Banzer was ousted in 1978 and later returned as the democratically elected president of Bolivia from 1997 to 2001.\nModern Bolivia is a charter member of the UN, IMF, NAM, OAS, ACTO, Bank of the South, ALBA and USAN. Bolivia remains the second poorest country in South America. It is a developing country, with a medium ranking in the Human Development Index and a poverty level of 38.6%. Its main economic activities include agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and manufacturing goods such as textiles, clothing, refined metals, and refined petroleum. Bolivia is very rich in minerals, including tin, silver, and lithium.\n\n", "Q817381": "Benjamin Anastas (born 1969) is an American novelist, memoirist, journalist and book reviewer born in Gloucester, Massachusetts. He teaches literature at Bennington College and is part of the core faculty of the Bennington Writing Seminars.", "Q77583": "Herbert Reinecker (24 December 1914 \u2013 27 January 2007) was a very prolific German novelist, dramatist, screenwriter and former Nazi SS officer.\nBorn in Hagen, Westphalia, Reinecker began to write short stories already as a high school student. In 1936 he moved to Berlin, where he became editor-in-chief of a youth magazine, Jungvolk. In the same year he also co-authored a book, Jugend in Waffen (Armed Youth). This was a time when the Nazis had already been in power for three years and when the media had long been gleichgeschaltet. In 1943 he joined the Nazi Party and worked as the editor-in-chief of a book entitled Der Pimpf about the training system of the Hitler Youth. Throughout World War II Reinecker served in a propaganda company of the Waffen SS.In the early 1940s Reinecker also wrote a number of plays, among them Das Dorf bei Odessa, and the novel Der Mann mit der Geige. In 1944 he wrote an award-winning screenplay, Junge Adler (Young Eagles).\nAfter the war, he started working for radio and television. At the same time he wrote screenplays for the series of German feature films of the 1960s that were loosely based on Edgar Wallace's novels as well as TV adaptations of Francis Durbridge novels and plays.\nIn the late 1960s Reinecker and producer Helmut Ringelmann wanted to create a truly German police detective. At first tentatively conceived as a \"German Maigret\", Reinecker's Kommissar Keller soon metamorphosed into a full-fledged character. Erik Ode was chosen to play Keller in the TV series, Der Kommissar, which was finally launched in 1969 and which became a huge success. In 1974, Reinecker and Ringelmann started a new, similar series, Derrick.\nHerbert Reinecker is reported to have stopped writing due to macular degeneration. He was nearly blind when he died on 27 January 2007.Personal data: In 1938 Herbert Reinecker married Angela Schmikowski, with whom he had two children\u2014daughter Rita (also a writer/author), 1941, and Hilmar, 1944-2001. Divorced in 1954, he married Brunhilde (Holly) Schubert in 1959.", "Q230846": "Adriana Sklena\u0159\u00edkov\u00e1 (born 17 September 1971) is a Slovak fashion model and actress. She is a former Guinness record holder for the longest legs among female models (at almost 1.24 m).", "Q215436": "Lore Segal (born March 9, 1928), n\u00e9e Lore Groszmann, is an American novelist, translator, teacher, short story writer and author of children's books, currently living in New York City. Her book Shakespeare's Kitchen was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in 2008.\n\n", "Q909815": "Charlie Burse (August 25, 1901 \u2013 December 20, 1965) was an American blues musician, best known for his work with the Memphis Jug Band. His nicknames include \"Laughing Charlie,\" \"Uke Kid Burse\" and \"The Ukulele Kid,\" but he played several musical instruments, such as the piano and saxophone.", "Q97311": "Konrad Schily (born November 7, 1937 in Bochum) was from 2005 to 2009 a member of the German parliament, the Bundestag. He is a neurologist and co-founder of the Witten/Herdecke University, Germany's first private university that opened in 1982. He was the university's president from 1982 to 1999 and from 2002 to 2004.\nSchily was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), but in 2003 he became a member of the Innovationskreis NRW liberal, a think tank of the centrist party Free Democratic Party (FDP). In 2005 Schily became a member of the FDP. He was elected to the Bundestag the same year.", "Q120353": "Max Mack (1884\u20131973) was a German screenwriter, film producer and director during the Silent era. He is particularly known for his 1913 film The Other. He directed, and co-starred in, an early film adaptation of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in 1914, called Ein Seltsamer Fall, written by Richard Oswald. During the 1910s, he directed nearly a hundredfilms in a variety of different genres.Born as Moritz Myrthenzweig in Halberstadt, the Jewish Mack was later forced to emigrate to escape Nazism, and settled in the United Kingdom. His final film was the 1935 quota quickie Be Careful, Mr. Smith.", "Q64299": "Wolfgang B\u00f6hmer (born 27 January 1936 in D\u00fcrrhennersdorf, Saxony) is a German politician (CDU) and was the 5th Minister-President of Saxony-Anhalt from 16 May 2002 to 19 April 2011. He served as President of the Bundesrat in 2002/03. He formerly worked as a medical doctor.", "Q1240": "Antonio Segni (Italian pronunciation: [an\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0njo \u02c8se\u0272\u0272i]; 2 February 1891 \u2013 1 December 1972) was an Italian politician and statesman who served as 4th President of Italy from May 1962 to December 1964 and 34th Prime Minister in two distinct terms between 1955 and 1960.A member of the centrist Christian Democracy, Segni held numerous prominent position in Italy's post-war period, serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Interior, Defence, Agriculture and Education. He was the first Sardinian ever to become head of state and government. He was also the second shortest-serving president in the history of the republic and the first one to resign from office due to illness.", "Q139602": "Ali LeRoi (born February 12, 1962) is an American television producer, director, writer and actor, best known as the co-creator of the Chris Rock period sitcom Everybody Hates Chris. He met Rock during the set on his eponymous HBO late-night talk show. LeRoi wrote and directed several episodes of the series.\nA native of Chicago, LeRoi attended Robert Lindblom Math & Science Academy. He then studied film at Columbia College Chicago.LeRoi also co-hosted the podcast called \"Alias Smith and LeRoi\" (2013\u201315) with comedian Owen H.M. Smith.His debut feature film, The Obituary of Tunde Johnson, premiered at the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival.", "Q233397": "Arianna Stassinopoulos Huffington (born Ariadni-Anna Stasinopoulou, Greek: \u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bd\u03b7-\u0386\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1 \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, July 15, 1950) is a Greek-American author, syndicated columnist, and businesswoman. She is a co-founder of The Huffington Post, the founder and CEO of Thrive Global, and the author of fifteen books. She has been named to Time Magazine's list of the world\u2019s 100 most influential people and the Forbes Most Powerful Women list.Originally from Greece, she moved to England when she was 16 and graduated from Girton College, Cambridge, where she earned a B.A. in economics. At 21, she became president of the university\u2019s debating society, The Cambridge Union.Huffington serves on numerous boards, including Uber, Onex, and Global Citizen.\nHer last two books, Thrive: The Third Metric to Redefining Success and Creating a Life of Well-Being, Wisdom, and Wonder and The Sleep Revolution: Transforming Your Life, One Night at a Time, both became instant international bestsellers.Huffington, the former wife of Republican congressman Michael Huffington, co-founded The Huffington Post, which is now owned by Verizon Media. She was a popular conservative commentator in the mid-1990s, after which, in the late-1990s, she offered liberal points of view in public, while remaining involved in business endeavors. In 2003, she ran as an independent candidate for governor in the California recall election and lost. In 2009, Huffington was No.\u202f12 in Forbes first-ever list of the Most Influential Women In Media. She has also moved up to No.\u202f42 in The Guardian's Top 100 in Media List. As of 2014, she is listed by Forbes as the 52nd Most Powerful Woman in the World.In 2011, AOL acquired The Huffington Post for US$315 million, and made Huffington the President and Editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post Media Group, which included The Huffington Post and then-existing AOL properties including AOL Music, Engadget, Patch Media, and StyleList. On August 11, 2016, it was announced that she would step down from her role at The Huffington Post to devote her time to a new startup, Thrive Global, focused on health and wellness information.", "Q170564": "Terminator 2: Judgment Day (also promoted as T2: Judgment Day or simply T2) is a 1991 American science fiction action film produced and directed by James Cameron, who also co-wrote it with William Wisher. The film stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, Linda Hamilton, Robert Patrick, and Edward Furlong as its principal cast. It is the sequel to the 1984 film The Terminator, as well as the second installment in the Terminator franchise. Terminator 2 follows Sarah Connor (Hamilton) and her ten-year-old son John (Furlong) as they are pursued by a new, more advanced Terminator: the liquid metal, shapeshifting T-1000 (Patrick), sent back in time to kill John Connor and prevent him from becoming the leader of the human resistance. A second, less advanced Terminator (Schwarzenegger) is also sent back in time to protect John.\nWhile talks of a follow-up to The Terminator arose following its release, its development was stalled due to technical limitations regarding computer-generated imagery, a vital aspect of the film, and legal issues with original producer Hemdale Film Corporation, who controlled half of the franchise rights. In 1990, Carolco Pictures acquired the rights from Hemdale and production was immediately started, with Schwarzenegger, Hamilton, and Cameron returning. Principal photography began in October 1990 and lasted until March 1991. Its visual effects saw breakthroughs in computer-generated imagery, including the first use of natural human motion for a computer-generated character and the first partially computer-generated main character. At the time of its release, with a budget of $94\u2013102 million, Terminator 2: Judgment Day was the most expensive film ever made.\nTerminator 2: Judgment Day was released in the United States on July 3, 1991 by TriStar Pictures. It was a critical success upon its release, with praise going towards the performances of its cast, the action scenes, and its visual effects. Regarded as superior to the original film and one of the best sequels ever made, the film influenced popular culture, especially the use of visual effects in films. It grossed $517 million worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1991 and of Schwarzenegger's career, as well as the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time, until The Matrix Reloaded surpassed it in 2003. It received several accolades, including Academy Awards for Best Sound Effects Editing, Best Sound, Best Makeup, and Best Visual Effects.Other sequels followed, including Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines in 2003, Terminator Salvation in 2009 and Terminator Genisys in 2015. The 2019 Cameron-produced film, Terminator: Dark Fate, serves as a direct sequel to Terminator 2 and disregards all other Terminator works as occurring in alternate timelines. In 2017, Terminator 2 was re-released in 3D 4K resolution for AMC and Cineplex theaters, and internationally, debuting at number one in the United Kingdom on its release weekend.", "Q55044": "Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (also referred to as LMU or the University of Munich, in German: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen) is a public research university located in Munich, Germany.\nThe University of Munich is Germany's sixth-oldest university in continuous operation. Originally established in Ingolstadt in 1472 by Duke Ludwig IX of Bavaria-Landshut, the university was moved in 1800 to Landshut by King Maximilian I of Bavaria when Ingolstadt was threatened by the French, before being relocated to its present-day location in Munich in 1826 by King Ludwig I of Bavaria. In 1802, the university was officially named Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t by King Maximilian I of Bavaria in his as well as the university's original founder's honour.The University of Munich is associated with 42 Nobel laureates (as of October 2019). Among these were Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen, Max Planck, Werner Heisenberg, Otto Hahn and Thomas Mann. Pope Benedict XVI was also a student and professor at the university. The LMU has recently been conferred the title of \"University of Excellence\" under the German Universities Excellence Initiative.\nLMU is currently the second-largest university in Germany in terms of student population; in the winter semester of 2015/2016, the university had a total of 51,025 matriculated students. Of these, 8,671 were freshmen while international students totalled 7,812 or almost 15% of the student population. As for operating budget, the university records in 2017 a total of 682.0 million euros in funding without the university hospital; with the university hospital, the university has a total funding amounting to approximately 1.8 billion euros.", "Q968227": "Daniel Guggenheim (July 9, 1856 \u2013 September 28, 1930) was an American mining magnate and philanthropist, and a son of Meyer and Barbara Guggenheim.", "Q129411": "Sweet Rush (Polish: Tatarak) is a 2009 Polish drama film directed by Andrzej Wajda. The film won the Alfred Bauer Prize (in tie with Giant) at the 59th Berlin International Film Festival in 2009.\nThe film is based on a small-town in Poland in the late 1950s, where an aging woman married to a workaholic doctor meets a young man who makes her feel young again. Framed around this story, lead actress Krystyna Janda discusses the death of her husband from cancer.", "Q339876": "L.A. Confidential is a 1997 American neo-noir crime film directed, produced and co-written by Curtis Hanson. The screenplay by Hanson and Brian Helgeland is based on James Ellroy's 1990 novel of the same name, the third book in his L.A. Quartet series. The film tells the story of a group of LAPD officers in 1953, and the intersection of police corruption and Hollywood celebrity. The title refers to the 1950s scandal magazine Confidential, portrayed in the film as Hush-Hush.\nAt the time, actors Guy Pearce and Russell Crowe were relatively unknown in North America. One of the film's backers, Peter Dennett, was worried about the lack of established stars in the lead roles. However, he supported Hanson's casting decisions, and the director had the confidence also to recruit Kevin Spacey, Kim Basinger and Danny DeVito.\nThe film grossed $126 million worldwide and was critically acclaimed. It was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture, winning two: Best Supporting Actress (Basinger) and Best Adapted Screenplay; Titanic won in every other category L.A. Confidential was nominated. In 2015, the United States Library of Congress selected L.A. Confidential for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q1049686": "Jun Onose (\u5c0f\u91ce\u702c \u6f64, Onose Jun, born on August 12, 1970 in Hadano, Kanagawa), better known by his stage name J, is a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known as bassist and co-founder of the rock band Luna Sea. After they disbanded in 2000 he focused on his solo career, for which he performs lead vocals and bass. He rejoined Luna Sea when they reunited in August 2010.\nSince 1997, J has had prominent names in the music industry playing either on his albums, as his backing band, or showing up as guests at some of his concerts including Raymond Watts (PIG), Ray McVeigh (Zilch), Takashi Fujita (Doom), Scott Garrett, Billy Duffy and Ian Astbury (all three from The Cult), Steve Jones (The Sex Pistols), Duff McKagan and Slash (both from Velvet Revolver), Franz Stahl (Scream) and Youjeen (Cherry Filter).", "Q81215": "Petar Stefanov Stojanov (Bulgarian: \u041f\u0435\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432; born 25 May 1952) is a Bulgarian politician who was President of Bulgaria from 1997 to 2002. He was elected as a candidate of the Union of Democratic Forces (UDF). He did not succeed in the next presidential elections and after leaving office refrained from politics for a while, but, later became an MP in 2005 and was Chairman of UDF from 1 October 2005 to 22 May 2007.\n\n", "Q457338": "Marco Denevi (May 12, 1922 \u2013 December 12, 1998) was an Argentine author of novels and short stories, as well as a lawyer and journalist. His work is characterized by its originality and depth, as well as a criticism of human incompetence. His first work, a mystery novel titled Rosaura a las diez (1955), was a Kraft award winner and a bestseller. In 1964, it was translated into English as Rosa at Ten O'Clock. Other famous works of his include Los expedientes (1957), Ceremonia Secreta (1960), El cuarto de la noche (1962), and Falsificaciones (1966).\nCeremonia Secreta was filmed as Secret Ceremony in 1968 starring Elizabeth Taylor, Mia Farrow, Robert Mitchum, and Peggy Ashcroft. It was directed by Joseph Losey, with a screenplay written by George Tabori. In his edition of this and other Denevi works (Macmillan, 1965), Donald A. Yates mentions Denevi's admiration for Wilkie Collins, whose work this novella resembles.\nHe is less known as an essayist, but he also cultivated that genre with his Rep\u00fablica de Trapalanda (1989), a late work, where he took on Ezequiel Mart\u00ednez Estrada and Domingo Faustino Sarmiento's view of the Argentine republic.\nHe was born in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and at a young age he began playing the piano and reading. He graduated from college in 1939, and did not receive his law degree until 1956.\nIn 1987 he was inducted into the Argentine Academy of Letters.\n\nIt is important to note Denevi's desire to be a playwright. He wrote many dramatic pieces but felt he was not talented enough to write for the theater in Spain.", "Q96769": "Hedwig Raabe (December 3, 1844 \u2013 April 21, 1905) was a German actress.", "Q89649": "Friedrich-Georg \"Fritz\" Thielen (25 September 1916 in Bremen \u2013 11 June 1993 in Bremen) was a German politician with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the German Party, the Gesamtdeutsche Partei and the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD).\nThielen was born in Bremen and after working as a sawmill operator in Germany and in brickyards in occupied Ukraine, Thielen became a soldier in 1943 until the end of World War II. After the war he became a successful businessman in the building trade in Bremen.He joined the CDU in 1946 and became a leading figure locally before decamping to join the German Party in 1958, becoming one of its leading figures. In this capacity he merged his party into the newly formed NPD and became the first leader of the party. Replaced by Adolf von Thadden in 1967 he left the NPD and reactivated the German Party locally, with little success.", "Q242208": "Maggie Siff (born June 21, 1974) is an American actress. Her most notable television roles have included department store heiress Rachel Menken Katz on the AMC drama Mad Men, Tara Knowles on the FX drama Sons of Anarchy for which she was twice nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, and psychiatrist Wendy Rhoades on the Showtime series Billions. \nShe has also had roles in the films Push (2009) as Teresa Stowe and Leaves of Grass (2010) as Rabbi Renannah Zimmerman. She starred in indie film A Woman, a Part (2016) as well as having a minor role in drama film One Percent More Humid (2017). She is currently the television spokesperson for the robo-advisor service, Betterment.", "Q139164": "Richard Joseph Welch (February 13, 1869 \u2013 September 10, 1949) was a U.S. Representative from California.\nBorn in Monroe County, New York, Welch was educated in the public schools. He moved to California in early boyhood and settled in San Francisco. He worked on a farm in Freeport, and then was apprenticed as an ironworker, which led to his becoming trained as a machinist. He later served as clerk of the San Francisco County Superior Court. Welch became active in politics as a Republican, including serving as treasurer of his local Republican Club, helping organize campaign events for the ticket of William McKinley and Garret A. Hobart during the 1896 presidential campaign, and organizing San Francisco's Dewey Republican Club in 1898. He served in the California Senate from 1901 to 1913.\nWelch was harbor master for the port of San Francisco from 1903 to 1907. He served on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors from 1916 until September 30, 1926, when he resigned, having been elected to Congress.\nWelch was elected to the Sixty-ninth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Lawrence J. Flaherty. He was reelected to the Seventieth and to the eleven succeeding Congresses and served from August 31, 1926, until his death in a hospital in Needles, California, September 10, 1949.\nHe served as chairman of the Committee on Labor (Seventy-first Congress), and the Committee on Public Lands (Eightieth Congress).\nHe was interred at Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma, California.", "Q1933032": "Michael George Raymond Agostini (23 January 1935 \u2013 12 May 2016) was a Trinidadian track and field athlete. He was the first athlete from his country to win a gold medal at what is now known as the Commonwealth Games, when he won the 100 yards final in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on 31 July 1954.", "Q320499": "Faith No More is an American rock band from San Francisco, California, formed in 1979. Before settling on the current name in 1982, the band performed under the names Sharp Young Men and later Faith No Man. Bassist Billy Gould, keyboardist/rhythm guitarist Roddy Bottum and drummer Mike Bordin are the longest-remaining members of the band, having been involved since its inception. The band underwent several early lineup changes, and some major changes later on. The current lineup of Faith No More consists of Gould, Bordin, Bottum, lead guitarist Jon Hudson, and vocalist/lyricist Mike Patton.\nAfter releasing six studio albums, including best-selling records The Real Thing (1989) and Angel Dust (1992), Faith No More officially announced its breakup on April 20, 1998. The band has since reunited, conducting The Second Coming Tour between 2009 and 2010, and releasing its seventh studio album, Sol Invictus, in May 2015.\n\n", "Q733174": "L\u00e9on Werth (17 February 1878, Remiremont, Vosges \u2013 13 December 1955, Paris) was a French writer and art critic, a friend of Octave Mirbeau and a close friend and confidant of Antoine de Saint-Exup\u00e9ry.\nL\u00e9on Werth wrote critically and with great precision on French society through World War I, colonization, and on French \"collaboration\" during World War II.", "Q170202": "Anne of Bohemia (11 May 1366 \u2013 7 June 1394) was Queen of England as the first wife of King Richard II. A member of the House of Luxembourg, she was the eldest daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, and Elizabeth of Pomerania. She died at age of 28 allegedly of the Plague after 12 years of marriage; she was childless, and greatly mourned by her husband.\nThe marriage was initially unpopular in England inasmuch as, even though Anne's father was perhaps the most powerful monarch in Europe, his relatively distant area of influence could give little trade or political advantage to England, and Anne brought no dowry; instead Richard had to pay her brother a sum. But Anne appears to have won many English people over with her personality, and her efforts to help obtain royal pardons. Anne is buried in Westminster Abbey beside her husband.", "Q53353": "Puella Magi Madoka Magica (Japanese: \u9b54\u6cd5\u5c11\u5973\u307e\u3069\u304b\u2606\u30de\u30ae\u30ab, Hepburn: Mah\u014d Sh\u014djo Madoka Magika, lit. \"Magical Girl Madoka Magica\"), often referred to simply as Madoka Magica, is a Japanese anime television series created by Magica Quartet, an artist collective consisting of director Akiyuki Shinbo, screenwriter Gen Urobuchi, character designer Ume Aoki, and producer Atsuhiro Iwakami. It was animated by Shaft and produced by Aniplex, with music composed by Yuki Kajiura. The story follows a group of female middle school students who choose to become magical girls, subsequently battling surreal enemies known as \"witches.\" In consequence, they learn of the anguish and peril associated with their new role.\nThe first ten episodes of the series aired in Japan on TBS and MBS between January and March 2011, while the final two episodes were delayed until April 2011 due to the 2011 T\u014dhoku earthquake and tsunami. A manga adaptation of the series and various spin-off manga series have been published by Houbunsha and licensed in North America by Yen Press. A novelization by Nitroplus was released in August 2011, and a dedicated magazine titled Manga Time Kirara Magica was launched by Houbunsha in June 2012. A video game for the PlayStation Portable was released in March 2012 and another for PlayStation Vita was released in December 2013. A film series has also been produced; it consists of two films recapping the anime series and released in October 2012. A third film featuring an original story was released on October 26, 2013, and a concept film acting as a trailer for a new project was screened in December 2015. A smartphone game, Magia Record, launched in August 2017, and an anime adaptation premiered in January 2020.\nPuella Magi Madoka Magica has received widespread critical acclaim; critics praised the complex narrative, visuals, artistic direction, and soundtrack of the series as well as its unconventional approach to the magical girl subgenre. It became a commercial success; each Blu-ray Disc volume sold more than 50,000 copies in Japan. The series garnered a variety of awards, such as the Television Award at the 16th Animation Kobe Awards, as well as 12 Newtype Anime Awards and the Grand Prize for animation in the 2011 Japan Media Arts awards.", "Q376807": "The Other Guys is a 2010 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Adam McKay, who co-wrote it with Chris Henchy. It stars Will Ferrell, Mark Wahlberg, Michael Keaton, Eva Mendes, Steve Coogan, Ray Stevenson, Samuel L. Jackson, and Dwayne Johnson.This film is the fourth of five collaborations between Ferrell and McKay, following Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004), Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006), and Step Brothers (2008), and followed by Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues (2013). The Other Guys is the only one not to be co-written by Ferrell. It is also the first of three collaborations between Ferrell and Wahlberg, who later reunited in Daddy's Home (2015) and Daddy's Home 2 (2017).\nThe film was released in the United States on August 6, 2010. It was well-received by critics and grossed $170 million worldwide.", "Q63290": "Glenn Herald Snyder (October 8, 1924 \u2013 February 14, 2013) was professor emeritus of political science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and an important scholar of international relations theory and security studies.Snyder was born in Superior, Wisconsin and served as a second lieutenant in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II from 1943 to 1945. He graduated from the University of Oregon in 1948, then worked as a reporter for The Wall Street Journal from 1949 to 1951. He received an M.A. and a PhD in political science from Columbia University in 1953 and 1956 respectively. From 1953 until 1955, he worked as a teaching fellow at Wesleyan University, then from 1955 to 1958 he worked as a lecturer and research associate in the Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia before taking a position in Princeton University's Center of International Studies, which he held until 1960. Next, Snyder taught at the University of Denver and the University of California, Berkeley. In 1964, Snyder joined the department of political science at the State University of New York Buffalo, where he taught until 1984. From 1967 to 1973, he also served as chairman of the Center of International Conflict Studies at SUNY-Buffalo. In 1984, Snyder joined the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill as professor of political science.\nSnyder is the author or co-author of six books on international relations and numerous journal articles.", "Q215350": "Forza Italia (FI; translated to \"Forward Italy\" or \"Let's Go Italy\",) was a centre-right political party in Italy with liberal-conservative, Christian-democratic, liberal, social-democratic and populist tendencies. Its leader was Silvio Berlusconi, four times Prime Minister of Italy.\nThe party was founded in December 1993 and won its first general election soon afterwards in March 1994. It was the main member of the Pole of Freedoms/Pole of Good Government, Pole for Freedoms and House of Freedoms coalitions. Throughout its existence, the party was characterised by a strong reliance on the personal image and charisma of its leader\u2014it has therefore been called a \"personality party\" or Berlusconi's \"personal party\"\u2014and the skillful use of media campaigns, especially via television. The party's organisation and ideology depended heavily on its leader. Its appeal to voters was based on Berlusconi's personality more than on its ideology or programme.In November 2008 the national council of the party, presided by Alfredo Biondi, voted to merge Forza Italia into The People of Freedom (PdL), Berlusconi's new political vehicle, whose official foundation took place in March 2009.", "Q89891": "Cheryl Benard (born in 1953) is an academic scholar, writer, political scientist and novelist. She is the wife of Zalmay Khalilzad, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, Afghanistan and Iraq. She and Khalilzad have two sons, Alexander Benard and Maximilian Benard.\n\n", "Q311644": "Oliver Napoleon Hill (born October 26, 1883 \u2013 November 8, 1970) was an American self-help author. He is known best for his book Think and Grow Rich (1937) which is among the 10 best selling self-help books of all time. Hill's works insisted that fervid expectations are essential to improving one's life. Most of his books were promoted as expounding principles to achieve \"success\".\nHill is, in modern times, a controversial figure. Accused of fraud, modern historians also doubt many of his claims, such as that he met Andrew Carnegie and that he was an attorney. Gizmodo has called him \"the most famous conman you've probably never heard of\".", "Q128069": "Syracuse () is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, United States. It is the fifth-most populous city in the state of New York following New York City, Buffalo, Rochester, and Yonkers.\nAt the 2010 census, the city population was 145,252, and its metropolitan area had a population of 662,577. It is the economic and educational hub of Central New York, a region with over one million inhabitants. Syracuse is also well-provided with convention sites, with a downtown convention complex. Syracuse was named after the classical Greek city Syracuse (Siracusa in Italian), a city on the eastern coast of the Italian island of Sicily.\nThe city has functioned as a major crossroads over the last two centuries, first between the Erie Canal and its branch canals, then of the railway network. Today, Syracuse is at the intersection of Interstates 81 and 90. Its airport is the largest in the region. Syracuse is home to Syracuse University, a major research university; Le Moyne College, a Jesuit liberal arts college; SUNY Upstate Medical University, a public medical school; and SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry, a public university focusing on forestry, the environment, and natural resources.", "Q159690": "The Piano Teacher (French: La Pianiste, lit. 'The Pianist') is a 2001 French-language erotic psychological drama film, written and directed by Michael Haneke, that is based on the 1983 novel of the same name by Elfriede Jelinek. It tells the story of an unmarried piano teacher at a Vienna conservatory, living with her mother in a state of emotional and sexual disequilibrium, who enters into a sadomasochistic relationship with her student. A co-production of Austria and France, Haneke was given the opportunity to direct after previous attempts to adapt the novel by filmmakers Valie Export and Paulus Manker collapsed for financial reasons.\nAt the 2001 Cannes Film Festival it won the Grand Prix, with the two leads, Isabelle Huppert and Beno\u00eet Magimel, winning Best Actress and Best Actor. It went on to receive positive reviews and other awards and nominations.", "Q179540": "Mikhail Konstantinovich Shcherbakov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0429\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432; born on March 27, 1963) is a prominent Russian poet, songwriter and bard. He was born in Obninsk. He graduated from Moscow State University and now lives in Moscow. Shcherbakov started writing songs in 1978. Since then he has written more than 400 songs and lyrics. He has recorded 20 CD albums and more than 20 audio tapes.", "Q97477": "Ernst Meister (3 September 1911 \u2013 15 June 1979) was a German poet and writer.\nMeister's poetry falls within a dark abstract landscape of existentialism, with tortured themes influenced by his experiences during World War II. In his 1976 collection of poems, Im Zeitspalt (\"In Time's Rift\"), Meister frankly addresses mortality and the nothingness of our existence as both mind and body decay into death. His poetry is noted for is spare brevity and difficult syntax and has been compared to the work of Romanian poet Paul Celan (1920\u20131970), Meister's contemporary in German letters. However, despite writing 16 collections of verse, Meister was not involved with the dominant literary and cultural elite and his works were relatively unknown during his lifetime.", "Q58206": "Jaime Berm\u00fadez Merizalde (born c. 1966) is a Colombian lawyer and diplomat who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Colombia from 2008 to 2010.", "Q17": "Japan (Japanese: \u65e5\u672c, Nippon [\u0272ippo\ua71c\u0274] (listen) or Nihon [\u0272iho\ua71c\u0274] (listen); officially Japanese: \u65e5\u672c\u56fd, Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku) is an island country located in East Asia. It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east, and spans from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south. Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, Japan encompasses an archipelago of about 6,852 islands, with five main islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, and Okinawa) comprising 97% of the country's area.\nJapan is divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions. Approximately two-thirds of the country's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested, and less than one-eighth of its land is suitable for agriculture. Consequently, Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world. The largest urban area is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo, which is the most populous in the world. Japan itself is the world's eleventh most populous country.\nThe kanji that make up the name of Japan mean \"sun origin\"; in the Western world, the country is often known by the sobriquet \"Land of the Rising Sun\". While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period, the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD. Between the fourth and ninth centuries, the kingdoms of Japan gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-ky\u014d (modern Kyoto). However, beginning in the twelfth century, de facto political power came to be held by a succession of military dictators (sh\u014dgun) and feudal lords (daimy\u014d) and enforced by a class of warrior nobility known as samurai. After a century-long period of civil war, Japan was reunified in 1603 under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate, which enacted a policy of isolationism. This period ended in 1853 when a United States fleet forced Japan to open to the West, leading to the fall of the shogunate and the restoration of imperial power in 1868. In the following Meiji era, Japan adopted a Western-style government and pursued a program of industrialization and modernization; this transformed the feudal society into a great power, with Japan establishing a colonial empire in East Asia after decisive victories in the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War. In 1937, the Empire of Japan invaded China, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War; in 1940, it signed the Tripartite Pact and entered World War II the following year on the side of the Axis powers. After suffering major defeats in the Pacific and two atomic bombings, Japan surrendered to the Allies in 1945, coming under a brief occupation and adopting a new post-war constitution. Japan has since maintained a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy with the Emperor as a ceremonial head of state and an elected legislature known as the National Diet.\nToday, Japan is a member of the United Nations, the OECD, the G7, and the G20. Although it has officially renounced its right to declare war, Japan maintains a modern military for peacekeeping and self-defense, which has been ranked as the world's fourth most powerful. Following World War II, Japan experienced record economic growth to become the world's second-largest economy by 1980. Today, Japan's economy is the world's third-largest by nominal GDP and fourth-largest by purchasing power parity; it is also the fourth-largest importer and exporter and a global leader in the automotive and electronics industries. Japan is ranked \"very high\" on the Human Development Index; its population enjoys high levels of education and the second-highest life expectancy in the world, though it currently is experiencing a projected decline due to low birth rates. Culturally, Japan is renowned for its art, cuisine, literature, cinema, music, and popular culture.", "Q211136": "John Francis Anthony \"Jaco\" Pastorius III (; December 1, 1951 \u2013 September 21, 1987) was an American jazz bassist who was a member of Weather Report from 1976 to 1981. He worked with Pat Metheny and Joni Mitchell, and recorded albums as a solo artist and band leader. His bass playing employed funk, lyrical solos, bass chords, and innovative harmonics. As of 2017, he is the only electric bassist of seven bassists inducted into the DownBeat Jazz Hall of Fame, and has been lauded as one of the best electric bassists of all time.Pastorius suffered from drug addiction and mental health problems throughout his professional life, and despite his widespread acclaim had problems over the latter part of his life holding down jobs due to his unreliability. In frequent financial trouble, he was often homeless throughout the mid 1980s. He died in 1987, as a result of injuries sustained in a fight outside of a South Florida music club.\nAfter his death, his work continued to influence musicians. He was elected to the DownBeat Hall of Fame in 1988. He was the subject of the 2014 documentary film Jaco.", "Q387140": "The Cuckoo (Russian: \u00ab\u041a\u0443\u043a\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430\u00bb, translit. Kuku\u0161ka) is a 2002 Russian historical comedy drama film directed by Aleksandr Rogozhkin. It takes place during World War II from the perspective of opposing Soviet and Finnish soldiers stranded at a Sami woman's farmhouse. \"Kukushka\" was the nickname given by Soviet soldiers to Finnish cuckoo snipers, who ambushed their targets from a purpose-built tree-branch-nest. Thus the title refers to both Veikko (the sniper) and Anni (whose name means cuckoo in Sami, and who is a lone woman living in the forest, much like a cuckoo).", "Q635277": "Francisco Salva Campillo (Catalan: Francesc Salv\u00e0 i Campillo, July 12, 1751 \u2013 February 13, 1828) was a Spanish Catalan prominent late-Enlightenment period scientist known for working as a physician, physicist, meteorologist.", "Q209779": "Sagamihara (\u76f8\u6a21\u539f\u5e02, Sagamihara-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is the third most populous city in the prefecture, after Yokohama and Kawasaki, and the fifth most populous suburb of the Greater Tokyo Area. Its northern neighbor is Machida, with which a cross-prefectural merger has been proposed.As of April 1, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 720,986, with 316,648 households, and a population density of 2,200 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 328.91 km\u00b2.On 1 April 2010, the city became the 19th city designated by government ordinance. As a result of this, three wards were established: Midori-ku, Ch\u016b\u014d-ku and Minami-ku.", "Q172415": "Kutaisi (, Georgian: \u10e5\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 [k\u02b0ut\u02b0\u0251isi]) is the third-most populous city in Georgia, traditionally, second in importance, after the capital city of Tbilisi. Situated 221 kilometres (137 miles) west of Tbilisi, on the Rioni River, it is the capital of the western region of Imereti. Historically one of the major cities of Georgia, it served as the capital of the Kingdom of Georgia in the Middle Ages and later as the capital of the Kingdom of Imereti. From October 2012 to December 2018, Kutaisi briefly was the seat of the Parliament of Georgia as an effort to decentralise the Georgian government.\n\n", "Q85073": "Gerd Honsik (10 October 1941 \u2013 7 April 2018) was an Austrian writer and lyric poet, and a prominent neo-Nazi and Holocaust denier.", "Q70415": "Johann Adolf Schlegel (17 September 1721 \u2013 16 September 1793) was a German poet and clergyman.", "Q688669": "Ruis is a kreis in the Surselva district of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. The seat of the district office is in Rueun.\nRuis is situated in the middle of the Surselva valley and encompasses both sides of the valley ranging from Obersaxen to Waltensburg.", "Q103373": "Friedrich Wagenfeld (January 3, 1810 \u2013 August 26, 1846) was a German philologist and author born in Bremen.\n\n", "Q67169": "Hanns Heinz Ewers (3 November 1871 \u2013 12 June 1943) was a German actor, poet, philosopher, and writer of short stories and novels. While he wrote on a wide range of subjects, he is now known mainly for his works of horror, particularly his trilogy of novels about the adventures of Frank Braun, a character modeled on himself. The best known of these is Alraune (1911).", "Q78049": "Ferhat Tun\u00e7 is a Kurdish musician from Turkey.\nFerhat Tun\u00e7 was born in 1964 in the city of Tunceli in Turkey's eastern province of Tunceli. With twelve years he stood for the first time on stage as a singer. In the late 1970s with sixteen years, he followed his father to Germany. He returned to Turkey in 1985 and began to engage himself in favor of Kurdish rights.His album Dersim - Kirmanciye Laments of 2012 reached number 9 of World Music Charts Europe in July 2012 and number 10 in August.", "Q181402": "Chris Howland (30 July 1928 \u2013 29 November 2013) was a British radio and TV presenter. For most of his career he worked in (Western) Germany, where he started a few years after World War II at BFN in Hamburg. He became a popular disc jockey and presenter also at German networks. He also was a prolific Schlager-singer and starred in films.", "Q716243": "Frank Lee Beard (born June 11, 1949) is the drummer in the American rock band ZZ Top. Beard was formerly with the bands The Cellar Dwellers, who originally were a three-piece band, The Hustlers, The Warlocks, and American Blues before starting to play and record with Billy Gibbons and Dusty Hill as ZZ Top.", "Q105702": "Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, more commonly known simply as Dr. Strangelove, is a 1964 black comedy film that satirizes the Cold War fears of a nuclear conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States. The film was directed, produced, and co-written by Stanley Kubrick and stars Peter Sellers, George C. Scott, Sterling Hayden and Slim Pickens. Production took place in the United Kingdom. The film is loosely based on Peter George's thriller novel Red Alert (1958).\nThe story concerns an unhinged United States Air Force general who orders a first strike nuclear attack on the Soviet Union. It separately follows the President of the United States, his advisors, the Joint Chiefs of Staff and a Royal Air Force (RAF) exchange officer as they attempt to prevent the crew of a B-52 plane (who were ordered by the general) from nuking the Soviets and starting an atomic holocaust.\nThe film is often considered one of the best comedies ever made, and, not so frequently, one of the greatest films of all time. In 1998, the American Film Institute ranked it twenty-sixth in its list of the best American movies (in the 2007 edition, the film ranked thirty-ninth), and in 2000, it was listed as number three on its list of the funniest American films. \nIn 1989, the United States Library of Congress included Dr. Strangelove as one of the first twenty-five films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.", "Q980610": "Clarence Ross (October 26, 1923 \u2013 April 30, 2008), also known as Clancy Ross was a bodybuilder from the United States.\nRoss was born in Oakland, California on October 26, 1923, the second of the four children of Hershel Ross, a teamster, and his wife Jeannette Levi. His mother died when he was young, so he grew up in a series of foster homes. He started weight training at age 17, weighing 135 pounds at a height of 5'10\". He was motivated by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor to enlist in the Air Force, which he did on October 31, 1942 at San Francisco, and was then stationed in Las Vegas. Around this time he married his wife.\nIn 1945, Ross won the AAU Mr. America contest in Los Angeles. After this success, he started to appear on the covers of popular physique magazines such as Your Physique, Iron Man, Muscle Power, and Health and Strength. After leaving the service in November 1945, Ross opened a gym in Alameda, California. In 1976 Ross opened a bodybuilding gym in the Ygnacio Plaza Shopping Center, 1853 Ygnacio Valley Rd, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, where he ran it until 1981 when he sold the gym to Win Paris, who after 6 short months sold the gym to one of the Gold's Gym owners, Ed Conners. The gym was then sold to Fitness 19 and is still in business after 40+ years at the same location. \nOn March 13, 1948, Ross won the Mr. USA contest in Los Angeles ahead of the 1947 Mr. America, Steve Reeves. Ross attempted to defend his title in 1949 but placed second to John Grimek. However, he finished ahead of Steve Reeves, becoming one of only two men to beat Reeves twice (along with Grimek). He appeared in the 1949 Warner Brothers \"Joe MacDoakes\" short \"SO YOU WANT TO BE A MUSCLEMAN\" with George O'Hanlon, Phyllis Coates and Willard Waterman.\nIn 1955, Clarence attempted a comeback at the Professional Mister Universe of London. He won the tall class category but was beaten for the Overall Title by the Canadian Leo Robert. \nRoss died on April 30, 2008.", "Q173694": "Cliff Griffith (February 6, 1916 in Nineveh, Indiana \u2013 January 23, 1996 in Rochester, Indiana) was an American racecar driver.\nGriffith drove in the AAA and USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1950\u20131952, 1956 and 1961 seasons with 19 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 races in each of those years except 1950. He finished in the top ten 8 times, with his best finish in 4th position, in 1950 at Springfield. His best Indy finish was 9th in 1952.\nPrior to joining USAC, Griffith won a pair of championships on the Midwest Dirt Track Racing Association circuit behind the wheel of Hector Honore's legendary sprint car known as the \"Black Deuce\".", "Q6127073": "JMJ Records was an American record label which was founded in 1989 by Jason Mizell, better known as Jam Master Jay from Run-D.M.C.. The label released such artists as The Afros, Fam-Lee, Onyx, Jayo Felony, Suga and 50 Cent. The label folded in 2002 after the murder of its founder. For 13 years of its existence, JMJ Records has released 6 studio albums and about 25 singles.\nJMJ Records is currently run by Jam Master J'Son, the oldest son of the legendary Jam Master Jay.", "Q1344285": "Tha Eastsidaz was a hip hop trio consisting of Snoop Dogg, Tray Deee and Goldie Loc. Their first appearance was on Tommy Boy Records' The Ride: Music from Dimension with Crooked Eye Q on a Battlecat-produced song called \"Feels So Good\" in 1997.", "Q1999150": "The Bestuzhev Courses (\u0411\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b) in St. Petersburg were the largest and most prominent women's higher education institution in Imperial Russia.The institute opened its doors in 1878. It was named after Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin, the first director. Other professors included Baudouin de Courtenay, Alexander Borodin, Faddei Zielinski, Dmitry Mendeleyev, Ivan Sechenov, and Sergey Platonov. An assistant professor there was Vera Bogdanovskaya, the first female chemist to die as a result of her own research. Nadezhda Krupskaya and Maria Pi\u0142sudska were among the graduates. The courses occupied a purpose-built edifice on Vasilievsky Island.\nAfter the Russian Revolution they were reorganized as the Third University of Petrograd, which was merged into the Petrograd University in September 1919.", "Q272254": "S\u00e3o Vicente (after Saint Vincent of Saragossa, the patron Saint of Lisbon, Portugal) is a coastal municipality at southern S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista. The population is 355,542 (2015 est.) in an area of 147.89 square kilometres (57.10 square miles).", "Q111777": "Nathan Barr (born 1973; also known as Nate Barr) is an American film and television composer known for playing the majority of the instruments heard in his compositions. While he is best known for scoring all seven seasons of HBO's Emmy Award-winning series, True Blood, Barr has recently composed music for FX's The Americans and Netflix's Hemlock Grove. On July 18, 2013, Barr garnered a double Emmy nomination for \"Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music\" based on his work on The Americans and Hemlock Grove.", "Q4120165": "The Perelman School of Medicine, commonly known as Penn Med, is the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania. It is located in the University City section of Philadelphia. Founded in 1765, the Perelman School of Medicine is the oldest medical school in the United States and is one of the seven Ivy League medical schools. Penn Med is consistently one of the top recipients of NIH research awards and is currently ranked third for research among American medical schools by U.S. News & World Report.", "Q978815": "Peter D. Adkison is the founder and first CEO of Wizards of the Coast (1993\u20132001), as well as a hobby game professional.\nDuring Adkison's tenure, Wizards of the Coast rose to the status of a major publisher in the hobby game industry. Wizards achieved success with its creation of Magic: the Gathering, which started the collectible card game genre. It also distributed the Pok\u00e9mon trading cards, and later acquired TSR, publisher of the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, releasing a successful new edition.\nAdkison is the current owner of Gen Con, a major yearly game convention in the Midwest. In 1999, Adkison sold Wizards of the Coast to Hasbro, remaining with the company until January 2001.As a longtime fan of role-playing games (RPGs), Adkison has become an advocate for indie RPGs. His own game design work includes The Primal Order, a \"capstone system\" for use with any of a number of different role-playing games.", "Q326177": "Saw V is a 2008 horror film directed by David Hackl (in his feature directorial debut) from a screenplay by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan. It is the fifth installment in the Saw film series. The film stars Tobin Bell, Costas Mandylor, Scott Patterson, Betsy Russell, Mark Rolston, Julie Benz, Carlo Rota, and Meagan Good.\nDavid Hackl served as the production designer of Saw II, Saw III, and Saw IV and second-unit director for Saw III and Saw IV before making his directorial debut with Saw V. Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan, the writers of the previous film, returned to write the film. Charlie Clouser, who provided the score for all previous Saw films, also returned to compose the score for the film. Saw creators James Wan and Leigh Whannell served as executive producers.\nSaw V was released in the United States on October 24, 2008, by Lionsgate. The film focuses primarily on the events that led up to Detective Mark Hoffman becoming an apprentice of the Jigsaw Killer, as well as his efforts to prevent anyone else from learning his secret. A sequel, titled Saw VI, was released in 2009.", "Q118035": "Claudia L\u00f6ssl (born 2 October 1966 in Munich, Germany) is a German-American actress and voice actress best known for her work in Boo, Zino & the Snurks, and for dubbing the voices of actresses such as Pen\u00e9lope Cruz, Naomi Watts, and Ren\u00e9e Zellweger in German releases of English-language films.", "Q15299": "The Napf is a mountain on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Lucerne. With an altitude of 1,408 meters (4,619 ft), it is the summit of the Napfgebiet (Napf region), the hilly region lying between Bern and Lucerne. It is counted geologically as part of the Swiss plateau, although it is sometimes considered part of the Emmental Alps. The region is bounded by the Emmental to the south-west and the Entlebuch to the east. The region is traversed by the Br\u00fcnig-Napf-Reuss line.\nThe peak is surrounded by steep hills that are a patchwork of evergreen forests and small mountain farms. Nearby towns include Romoos, Doppleschwand, Michlischwand, Luthern, and Menzberg.", "Q171083": "Lucius Cornelius Cinna (died 84 BC) was a four-time consul of the Roman Republic, serving four consecutive terms from 87 to 84 BC, and a member of the ancient Roman Cinna family of the Cornelia gens.\nCinna's influence in Rome exacerbated the tensions which existed between Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla. After the death of Marius, he became the leading power in Rome until his own death. His main impact upon Roman politics was his ability to veil his tyranny and make it appear that he was working under a constitutional government. His policies also impinged on Julius Caesar, who married his daughter.", "Q336364": "Abw\u00e4rts (lit. \"downwards\", also known as \"Out of Order\") is a German film directed by Carl Schenkel. It was released in 1984.", "Q1782141": "Konrad Jungh\u00e4nel (born 27 February 1953) is a German lutenist and conductor in the field of historically informed performance, the founder and director of the vocal ensemble Cantus C\u00f6lln.", "Q35149": "Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen (; German: [\u02c8v\u026alh\u025blm \u02c8\u0281\u0153nt\u0261\u0259n]; 27 March 1845 \u2013 10 February 1923) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or R\u00f6ntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. In honour of his accomplishments, in 2004 the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) named element 111, roentgenium, a radioactive element with multiple unstable isotopes, after him.", "Q64306": "Rudolfstetten-Friedlisberg is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. Prior to 1953, the municipality was officially known simply as Rudolfstetten.", "Q438106": "Sister Rosetta Tharpe (March 20, 1915 \u2013 October 9, 1973) was an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and recording artist. She attained popularity in the 1930s and 1940s with her gospel recordings, characterized by a unique mixture of spiritual lyrics and rhythmic accompaniment that was a precursor of rock and roll. She was the first great recording star of gospel music and among the first gospel musicians to appeal to rhythm-and-blues and rock-and-roll audiences, later being referred to as \"the original soul sister\" and \"the Godmother of rock and roll\". She influenced early rock-and-roll musicians, including Little Richard, Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis.Tharpe was a pioneer in her guitar technique; she was among the first popular recording artists to use heavy distortion on her electric guitar, presaging the rise of electric blues. Her guitar playing technique had a profound influence on the development of British blues in the 1960s; in particular a European tour with Muddy Waters in 1964 with a stop in Manchester on 7 May is cited by prominent British guitarists such as Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Keith Richards.Willing to cross the line between sacred and secular by performing her music of \"light\" in the \"darkness\" of nightclubs and concert halls with big bands behind her, Tharpe pushed spiritual music into the mainstream and helped pioneer the rise of pop-gospel, beginning in 1938 with the recording \"Rock Me\" and with her 1939 hit \"This Train\". Her unique music left a lasting mark on more conventional gospel artists such as Ira Tucker, Sr., of the Dixie Hummingbirds. While she offended some conservative churchgoers with her forays into the pop world, she never left gospel music.\nTharpe's 1944 release \"Down by the Riverside\" was selected for the National Recording Registry of the U.S. Library of Congress in 2004, which noted that it \"captures her spirited guitar playing and unique vocal style, demonstrating clearly her influence on early rhythm-and-blues performers\" and cited her influence on \"many gospel, jazz, and rock artists\". (\"Down by the Riverside\" was recorded by Tharpe on December 2, 1948, in New York City, and issued as Decca single 48106.) Her 1945 hit \"Strange Things Happening Every Day\", recorded in late 1944, featured Tharpe's vocals and electric guitar, with Sammy Price (piano), bass and drums. It was the first gospel record to cross over, hitting no. 2 on the Billboard \"race records\" chart, the term then used for what later became the R&B chart, in April 1945. The recording has been cited as a precursor of rock and roll. On December 13, 2017, Tharpe was chosen for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as an Early Influence.", "Q274143": "Patrick Henry Pearse (also known as P\u00e1draig or P\u00e1draic Pearse; Irish: P\u00e1draig Anra\u00ed Mac Piarais; 10 November 1879 \u2013 3 May 1916) was an Irish teacher, barrister, poet, writer, nationalist, republican political activist and revolutionary who was one of the leaders of the Easter Rising in 1916. Following his execution along with fifteen others, Pearse came to be seen by many as the embodiment of the rebellion.", "Q232116": "We Still Kill the Old Way (Italian: A ciascuno il suo) is a 1967 Italian crime film directed by Elio Petri. It was entered into the 1967 Cannes Film Festival where it won the award for Best Screenplay. It is based on the novel To Each His Own by Leonardo Sciascia.", "Q370457": "Jacques Hilling (22 May 1926 \u2013 16 February 1975) was a French film actor. He appeared in 95 films between 1949 and 1975.", "Q235679": "Agni Baltsa (Greek: A\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae M\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1; also known as Agnes Baltsa; born 19 November 1944) is a leading Greek mezzo-soprano singer.\nBaltsa was born in Lefkada. She began playing piano at the age of six, before moving to Athens in 1958 to concentrate on singing. She graduated from the Greek National Conservatoire in 1965 and then travelled to Munich to continue studying on a Maria Callas scholarship.\nBaltsa made her first appearance in an opera in 1968 as Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro at Frankfurt Opera, before going on to appear as Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier at the Vienna State Opera in 1970. Under the guidance of Herbert von Karajan, she became a regular at the prestigious Salzburg Festival. She became Kammers\u00e4ngerin of the Vienna State Opera in 1980.\nHer most well known performance is that of Carmen by Georges Bizet, which she has sung a number of times with noted tenors such as Jos\u00e9 Carreras, Neil Shicoff, and others. She has also sung works by Mozart (notably Cos\u00ec fan tutte), Rossini (Il Barbiere di Siviglia, La Cenerentola, Semiramide, L'italiana in Algeri), Mascagni (Cavalleria Rusticana), Saint-Sa\u00ebns (Samson et Dalila), Verdi (Aida, La forza del destino, Il trovatore, Don Carlos), Bellini (I Capuleti e i Montecchi), Offenbach (Les Contes d'Hoffmann) and Donizetti (Il Campanello, Maria Stuarda).\nShe also starred in the Austrian film Duett in 1992, playing an opera singer.\nIn 2017, she sang Klytemnestra in Strauss's Elektra at the Greek National Opera's new premises at the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center.", "Q14839": "Aurich (German pronunciation ; Low German: Auerk, West Frisian: Auwerk) is a town in the East Frisian region of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Aurich and is the second largest City in East Frisia, both in population, after Emden, and in area, after Wittmund.\n\n", "Q139945": "Oskar-Hubert Dennhardt (30 June 1915 \u2013 19 June 2014) was a German officer (Major) in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.\nDennhardt served in the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein as a Christian Democratic Union politician after World War II. He rejoined the military service in the West German Bundeswehr in 1955, retiring in 1971 holding the rank of Brigadegeneral. He commanded the Panzergrenadierbrigade 16 from 1 November 1965 to 31 March 1968 and was deputy commander of the 6th Panzergrenadier Division.", "Q157044": "The Hours is a 2002 psychological drama film directed by Stephen Daldry and starring Meryl Streep, Nicole Kidman, and Julianne Moore. Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris, John C. Reilly, Stephen Dillane, Jeff Daniels, Miranda Richardson, Allison Janney, Toni Collette, Claire Danes, and Eileen Atkins. The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunningham's 1998 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title.\nThe plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf. These are Clarissa Vaughan (Streep), a New Yorker preparing an award party for her AIDS-stricken long-time friend and poet, Richard (Harris) in 2001; Laura Brown (Moore), a pregnant 1950s California housewife in an unhappy marriage with a young son; and Virginia Woolf (Kidman) herself in 1920s England, who is struggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel.\nThe film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002, and was given a limited release in the United States and Canada two days later on December 27, 2002. It did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003, and was then released in British cinemas on Valentine's Day that year. Critical reaction to the film was largely positive, with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture, and a win for Nicole Kidman for Best Actress.\n\n", "Q62777": "Christoph Gustav Ernst Ahl (1 September 1898 \u2013 14 February 1945) was a German zoologist, born in Berlin.\nHe was the director of the department of ichthyology and herpetology in the Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde.\nHe was also the editor in chief of the review Das Aquarium from 1927 to 1934.\nDuring World War II, Ahl fought in the ranks of the Wehrmacht - in Poland, North Africa and later Yugoslavia. He was executed while in refuge in Yugoslavia, after the partisans found out he was a German.\nHe did one of the first studies on bearded dragons and determined what genus they belonged to.\nAhl is commemorated in the scientific names of two species of lizards: Anolis ahli and Emoia ahli.", "Q7668602": "Theodore Roosevelt Mason \"T. R. M.\" Howard (March 4, 1908 \u2013 May 1, 1976) was an American civil rights leader, fraternal organization leader, entrepreneur and surgeon. He was among the mentors to activists such as Medgar Evers, Charles Evers, Fannie Lou Hamer, Amzie Moore, Aaron Henry, and Jesse Jackson; founded Mississippi's leading civil rights organization in the 1950s, the Regional Council of Negro Leadership; and played a prominent role in the investigation of the kidnapping and murder of Emmett Till in the late 1950s. He was also president of the National Medical Association, chairman of the board of the National Negro Business League, and a leading national advocate of African-American businesses.", "Q177394": "Ashley Nicole Rickards (born May 4, 1992) is an American actress, known for her role as Jenna Hamilton in the MTV comedy-drama series Awkward, and as Samantha \"Sam\" Walker, a troubled young girl in The CW's teen drama series One Tree Hill. She also starred in the 2011 independent drama film Fly Away as Mandy, a severely autistic girl.", "Q86383": "Christoph Friedrich Bretzner (10 December 1748 \u2013 31 August 1807) was a Leipzig merchant famous for writing the libretto to a singspiel entitledBelmont und Constanze, oder Die Entf\u00fchrung aus dem Serail, produced in Berlin and adapted in 1782 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Gottlieb Stephanie as Die Entf\u00fchrung aus dem Serail.\nHe died on 31 August 1807 after arriving for a theatrical performance in Leipzig.", "Q646460": "Laura Kate Trevelyan (born 21 August 1968) is a BBC anchor/correspondent based in New York City. Trevelyan was the United Nations correspondent for the BBC from May 2006 until 2009.", "Q484799": "Marbella (UK: mar-BAY-y\u0259, US: mar-BEL-\u0259, Spanish: [ma\u027e\u02c8\u03b2e\u028ea]) is a city and municipality in southern Spain, belonging to the province of M\u00e1laga in the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is part of the Costa del Sol and is the headquarters of the Association of Municipalities of the region; it is also the head of the judicial district that bears its name.\nMarbella is situated on the Mediterranean Sea, between M\u00e1laga and the Strait of Gibraltar, in the foothills of the Sierra Blanca. The municipality covers an area of 117 square kilometres (45 sq mi) crossed by highways on the coast, which are its main entrances.\nIn 2018 the population of the city was 141,463 inhabitants, making it the second most populous municipality in the province of M\u00e1laga and the eighth in Andalusia. It is one of the most important tourist cities of the Costa del Sol and throughout most of the year is an international tourist attraction, due mainly to its climate and tourist infrastructure.\nThe city also has a significant archaeological heritage, several museums and performance spaces, and a cultural calendar with events ranging from reggae concerts to opera performances.\n\n", "Q7976": "American English (AmE, AE, AmEng, USEng, en-US), sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States. Currently, American English is the most influential form of English worldwide.English is the most widely spoken language in the United States and is the de facto common language used by the federal and state governments, to the extent that all laws and compulsory education presume English as the primary language. English is explicitly given official status by 32 of the 50 state governments. While the local courts in some divisions of the United States grant equivalent status to both English and another language\u2014for example, English and Spanish in Puerto Rico\u2014under federal law, English is still the official language for any matters being referred to the United States district court for the territory.The use of English in the United States is a result of British colonization of the Americas. The first wave of English-speaking settlers arrived in North America during the 17th century, followed by further migrations in the 18th and 19th centuries. During the 17th century, dialects from many different regions of England existed in every American colony, allowing a process of extensive dialect mixture and levelling in which English varieties across the colonies became more homogeneous compared with varieties in England. English thus predominated in the colonies even by the end of the 17th century's first massive immigrations of non-English speakers from Europe and Africa, and firsthand descriptions of a fairly uniform American English became common after the mid-18th century. Since then, American English has developed into some new varieties, including regional dialects that, in some cases, show minor influences in the last two centuries from successive waves of immigrant speakers of diverse languages, primarily European languages.American English varieties include many patterns of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and particularly spelling that are unified nationwide but distinct from other English dialects around the world. Any American or Canadian accent perceived as free of noticeably local, ethnic, or cultural markers is popularly called \"General\" or \"Standard\" American, a fairly uniform accent continuum native to certain regions of the U.S. and associated nationally with broadcast mass media and highly educated speech. However, historical and present linguistic evidence does not support the notion of there being one single \"mainstream\" American accent. The sound of American English continues to evolve, with some local accents disappearing, but several larger regional accents having emerged in the 20th century.", "Q128848": "Y Tu Mam\u00e1 Tambi\u00e9n (English: And Your Mom Too) is a 2001 Mexican road film blending drama, comedy, and sex, directed by Alfonso Cuar\u00f3n and co-written by him and his brother Carlos. It stars Mexican actors Diego Luna and Gael Garc\u00eda Bernal and Spanish actress Maribel Verd\u00fa.\nThe film tells a coming-of-age story about two teenage boys who take a road trip with a woman in her late twenties. It is set in 1999 against the backdrop of Mexico's political and economic realities, specifically at the end of the uninterrupted seven decades of presidents from the Institutional Revolutionary Party and the rise of the opposition led by Vicente Fox.\nThe film's explicit depiction of sex and drug use caused complications in the film's rating. However, in Mexico, the film earned $2.2 million its first weekend in June 2001, setting a new record for the highest box office opening in Mexican cinema. In 2002, the film was released in English-speaking markets under its Spanish title, with a limited release in the United States. The film was nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Academy Awards and as Best Foreign Language Film at the Golden Globe Awards.", "Q72564": "Herbert Jankuhn (born 8 August 1905 in Angerburg, East Prussia \u2013 30 April 1990 in G\u00f6ttingen) was a German archaeologist and Nazi Party official, rising to the rank of SS-Sturmbannf\u00fchrer by January 1944. He oversaw a series of excavations on behalf of the SS-Ahnenerbe, as well as fulfilling intelligence assignments near the end of the war. After an appealed Denazification trial cleared him of all charges in 1949, he was professionally rehabilitated and went on to become one of post-war Germany's leading archaeology academics.", "Q11941": "Carl Barks (March 27, 1901 \u2013 August 25, 2000) was an American cartoonist, author, and painter. He is best known for his work in Disney comic books, as the writer and artist of the first Donald Duck stories and as the creator of Scrooge McDuck. He worked anonymously until late in his career; fans dubbed him The Duck Man and The Good Duck Artist. In 1987, Barks was one of the three inaugural inductees of the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame.\nBarks worked for the Disney Studio and Western Publishing where he created Duckburg and many of its inhabitants, such as Scrooge McDuck (1947), Gladstone Gander (1948), the Beagle Boys (1951), The Junior Woodchucks (1951), Gyro Gearloose (1952), Cornelius Coot (1952), Flintheart Glomgold (1956), John D. Rockerduck (1961) and Magica De Spell (1961). Will Eisner called him \"the Hans Christian Andersen of comic books.\"", "Q115277": "Johann Georg M\u00f6nckeberg (born 22 August 1839 in Hamburg, died 27 March 1908 in Hamburg) was a Hamburg politician, who served as First Mayor of Hamburg in 1890, 1893, 1896, 1899, 1902, 1904\u20131905, and 1908.\nHe studied law at Heidelberg University and at the University of G\u00f6ttingen, and worked as a lawyer in Hamburg from 1862. He was elected to the Hamburg Parliament in 1871 and became a Senator in 1876, serving until his death.\nThe M\u00f6nckebergstra\u00dfe is named in his honour. He was married to Elise Mathilde Tesdorpf.", "Q1350596": "Philip Oakey (born 2 October 1955) is an English singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known as the lead singer, songwriter, and co-founder of English synth-pop band The Human League. Aside from The Human League, he has had an extensive solo music career and collaborated with numerous other artists and producers.Oakey was one of the most visually distinctive music artists of the early 1980s. At the height of their success, The Human League released the triple platinum-certified album Dare and Oakey co-wrote and sang the multi-million-selling single \"Don't You Want Me\", which was a number one single in both the U.S. and UK, where it remains the 28th-highest-selling single of all time. Oakey has been lead singer of The Human League for over 40 years, with whom he has sold more than 20 million records worldwide. He continues recording and performing internationally.", "Q188426": "Roy Kelton Orbison (April 23, 1936 \u2013 December 6, 1988) was an American singer, songwriter, and musician known for his impassioned singing style, complex song structures, and dark, emotional ballads. Many critics described his music as operatic, nicknaming him \"the Caruso of Rock\" and \"the Big O\". While most male rock-and-roll performers in the 1950s and 1960s projected a defiant masculinity, many of Orbison's songs conveyed vulnerability. He performed standing still, wearing black clothes to match his dyed black hair and dark sunglasses.\nOrbison began singing in a rockabilly and country-and-western band in high school. He was signed by Sam Phillips, of Sun Records, in 1956, but his greatest success came with Monument Records. From 1960 to 1966, 22 of his singles reached the Billboard Top 40, and he wrote or co-wrote almost all that rose to the Top 10, including \"Only the Lonely\" (1960), \"Running Scared\" (1961), \"Crying\" (1961), \"In Dreams\" (1963), and \"Oh, Pretty Woman\" (1964). Soon afterward, he was struck by a number of personal tragedies while his record sales declined.\nIn the 1980s, Orbison experienced a resurgence in popularity following the success of several cover versions of his songs. In 1988, he co-founded the Traveling Wilburys, a rock supergroup, with George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Tom Petty, and Jeff Lynne. Orbison died of a heart attack in December 1988 at the age of 52. One month later, Orbison's song \"You Got It\" (1989), co-written with Lynne and Petty, was released as a solo single and became his first hit to reach the U.S. Top 10 in nearly 25 years.\nOrbison's honors include inductions into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in the same year, the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1989, and the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2014. Rolling Stone placed him at number 37 on their list of the \"Greatest Artists of All Time\" and number 13 on their list of the \"100 Greatest Singers of All Time'. In 2002, Billboard magazine listed Orbison at number 74 in the Top 600 recording artists.", "Q817": "Kuwait ( (listen); Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u200e al-Kuwait, Gulf Arabic pronunciation: [\u026al\u203f\u026akwe\u02d0t] or [l\u026akwe\u02d0t]), officially the State of Kuwait (Arabic: \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u200e Dawlat al-Kuwait), is a country in Western Asia. Situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, it borders Iraq to the north and Saudi Arabia to the south. As of 2016, Kuwait has a population of 4.5 million people: 1.3 million are Kuwaitis and 3.2 million are expatriates. Expatriates account for approximately 70% of the population.Oil reserves were discovered in commercial quantities in 1938. In 1946, crude oil was exported for the first time. From 1946 to 1982, the country underwent large-scale modernization. In the 1980s, Kuwait experienced a period of geopolitical instability and an economic crisis following the stock market crash. In 1990, Kuwait was invaded, and later annexed, by Saddam's Iraq. The Iraqi occupation of Kuwait came to an end in 1991 after military intervention by a military coalition led by the United States. Kuwait is a non-NATO ally of the United States. Kuwait is also a major ally of ASEAN, while maintaining a very strong relationship with China.Kuwait is a constitutional sovereign state with a semi-democratic political system. Kuwait has a high-income economy backed by the world's sixth largest oil reserves. The Kuwaiti dinar is the highest valued currency in the world. According to the World Bank, the country has the fourth highest per capita income. The Constitution was promulgated in 1962. Kuwait is home to the largest opera house in the Middle East. The Kuwait National Cultural District is a member of the Global Cultural Districts Network.\n\n", "Q463664": "Poul Erik T\u00f8jner (born 25 February 1959) is a Danish museum director and art critic. Since 2000 he has been director of the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in Humleb\u00e6k, Denmark.", "Q4925677": "Bla\u017e Kav\u010di\u010d (born 3 October 1951 in Ljubljana) is a Slovenian politician and economist.\nFrom 2007 to 2012, Kav\u010di\u010d was president of the National Council (Slovenian: Dr\u017eavni svet). He was elected to the council by electors of the Kranj part of Upper Carniola in November 2007.\nHe lives with his family in Forme, \u0160kofja Loka municipality.", "Q239043": "Green-Wood Cemetery is a 478-acre (193 ha) cemetery in the western portion of Brooklyn, New York City. The cemetery is located between South Slope/Greenwood Heights, Park Slope, Windsor Terrace, Borough Park, Kensington, and Sunset Park, and lies several blocks southwest of Prospect Park. It is generally bounded by 20th Street to the northeast, Fifth Avenue to the northwest, 36th and 37th Streets to the southwest, Fort Hamilton Parkway to the south, and McDonald Avenue to the east.\nGreen-Wood Cemetery was founded in 1838 as a rural cemetery, in a time of rapid urbanization when churchyards in New York City were becoming overcrowded. Described as \"Brooklyn's first public park by default long before Prospect Park was created\", Green-Wood Cemetery was so popular that it inspired a competition to design Central Park in Manhattan, as well as Prospect Park nearby.\nThe cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 and was made a National Historic Landmark in 2006. In addition, the 25th Street gates, the Weir Greenhouse, and the Fort Hamilton Parkway Gate & Green-Wood Cemetery Chapel were separately designated as city landmarks by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission at various times.\n\n", "Q1319828": "Rob Bailey is an Australian musician who was an early bass guitarist with the hard rock band AC/DC. He joined the group in April 1974, with Malcolm Young (rhythm guitar), Angus Young (lead guitar), Dave Evans (lead vocals) and Peter Clack (drums). Bailey left in January 1975.", "Q465215": "Jorge Ovidio Lazaroff Cesconi (28 February 1950 \u2013 22 March 1989) was an Uruguayan composer, singer and guitarist.\nHis father was a Bulgarian immigrant and his mother was born in Salta, Argentina.\n\n", "Q103415": "Hans Caninenberg (1913\u20132008) was a German actor. He was married to the actress Lola M\u00fcthel.\n\n", "Q39015": "Harlem Jean-Philippe D\u00e9sir (French: [a\u0281.l\u025bm de.zi\u0281]; born 25 November 1959) is a French politician who served in the government of France as Secretary of State for European Affairs from 2014 to 2017. Previously he was First Secretary of the French Socialist Party. Since 2017, he has served as the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media.", "Q334201": "Davison Alexander Dalziel, 1st Baron Dalziel of Wooler (17 October 1852 \u2013 18 April 1928), known as Sir Davison Dalziel, Bt, between 1919 and 1928, was a British newspaper owner and Conservative Party politician. He sat in the House of Commons between 1910 and 1927, before a brief period in the House of Lords. He was the founder of Dalziel's News Agency.", "Q324012": "Thomas Michael \"T.M.\" Stevens (born July 28, 1951) is an American bass guitarist from New York City. Stevens has worked with an array of rock, R&B, and pop acts as a session musician, and also leads his own groups and works as a solo performer.", "Q1427223": "Blue October is an American alternative rock band originally from Houston, Texas. The band was formed in 1995 and currently consists of Justin Furstenfeld (lead vocals, guitar), Jeremy Furstenfeld (drums, percussion), Ryan Delahoussaye (violin/viola, mandolin, piano, backing vocals), Matt Noveskey (bass guitar, backing vocals), and Will Knaak (lead guitar). The band has had eleven top 40 singles over their past seven studio albums and is best known for their platinum singles \"Hate Me\" and \"Into the Ocean\" from their 2006 platinum album Foiled.", "Q803": "Utrecht ( YOO-trekt, also UK: yoo-TREKHT, Dutch: [\u02c8ytr\u025bxt] (listen)) is the fourth-largest city and a municipality of the Netherlands, capital and most populous city of the province of Utrecht. It is located in the eastern corner of the Randstad conurbation, in the very centre of mainland Netherlands; it had a population of 357,179 as of 2019.Utrecht's ancient city centre features many buildings and structures, several dating as far back as the High Middle Ages. It has been the religious centre of the Netherlands since the 8th century. It lost the status of prince-bishopric but remains the main religious centre in the country. Utrecht was the most important city in the Netherlands until the Dutch Golden Age, when it was surpassed by Amsterdam as the country's cultural centre and most populous city.\nUtrecht is host to Utrecht University, the largest university in the Netherlands, as well as several other institutions of higher education. Due to its central position within the country, it is an important transport hub for both rail and road transport; the busiest train station in the Netherlands, Utrecht Centraal, is in the city of Utrecht. It has the second highest number of cultural events in the Netherlands, after Amsterdam.\nIn 2012, Lonely Planet included Utrecht in the top 10 of the world's unsung places.", "Q4228595": "A stab wound is a specific form of penetrating trauma to the skin that results from a knife or a similar pointed object. While stab wounds are typically known to be caused by knives, they can also occur from a variety of implements, including broken bottles and ice picks. Most stabbings occur because of intentional violence or through self-infliction. The treatment is dependent on many different variables such as the anatomical location and the severity of the injury. Even though stab wounds are inflicted at a much greater rate than gunshot wounds, they account for less than 10% of all penetrating trauma deaths.", "Q342397": "Valentin Petrovich Glushko (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043b\u0443\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0301, Valentin Petrovich Glushko; Ukrainian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043b\u0443\u0448\u043a\u043e, Valentyn Petrovych Hlushko; born 2 September 1908 \u2013 10 January 1989), was a Soviet engineer and designer of rocket engines during the Soviet/American Space Race.\n\n", "Q198621": "Alfred Capus (25 November 1858 \u2013 1 November 1922) was a French journalist and playwright, who was born in Aix-en-Provence and died in Neuilly-sur-Seine.", "Q60174": "Hermann Scherchen (21 June 1891 \u2013 12 June 1966) was a German conductor.", "Q374625": "Pablo Pineda (born 1974) is a Spanish actor who received the Concha de Plata Award at the 2009 San Sebasti\u00e1n International Film Festival for his performance in the film Yo, tambi\u00e9n. In the film he plays the role of a university graduate with Down syndrome, which is quite similar to his real life.\nPineda lives in M\u00e1laga and has worked at the municipality. He holds a diploma in Teaching and a BA in Educational psychology. He was the first student with Down syndrome in Europe to obtain a university degree. In the future he wants to make his career in teaching, instead of acting. Upon his arrival back to M\u00e1laga, Francisco de la Torre, the mayor of the city, welcomed him with the \"Shield of the City\" award on behalf of the city council.\nAt the time he was promoting his film and giving lectures on incapacity and education, as he has been doing for many years.\nPineda currently works with the Adecco Foundation in Spain, giving presentations at conferences on the labour-integration plan that the foundation is carrying out with him. In 2011 Pablo talked in Colombia (Bogota, Medellin), demonstrating the social inclusion of people with disabilities.Pineda also collaborates with the \"Lo que de verdad importa\" Foundation.", "Q85846": "Karl Weber (8 March 1898 in Arensberg \u2013 21 May 1985 in Koblenz) was a West German politician with the Christian Democratic Union. He served as the Minister of Justice from 2 April 1965 until his replacement by Richard Jaeger in 26 October of that same year.\nFrom 1916 till 1918 he served in the First World War, then he studied legal science in Bonn.\nFrom 1939 till 1945 he served in the Second World War.", "Q433047": "India Summer (born April 26, 1975) is an American pornographic actress and nude model. Her stage name is based on the phrase Indian summer. She is the single most productive female performer in the US pornography industry, starring in more than 1000 adult scenes. Summer also has mainstream acting credits.", "Q332670": "Martin Alan Feldman (8 July 1934 \u2013 2 December 1982) was a British actor, comedian and comedy writer, known for his prominent, misaligned eyes. He starred in several British television comedy series, including At Last the 1948 Show and Marty, the latter of which won two BAFTA awards. He also co-created the BBC Radio comedy programme Round the Horne. \nFeldman was part of an ensemble cast of British comic actors that appeared in The Bed Sitting Room (1969), his film debut. He starred in the comedy Every Home Should Have One, one of the most popular comedies at the British box office in 1970. Feldman was the first Saturn Award winner for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Igor in Mel Brooks' 1974 comedy horror film Young Frankenstein.", "Q229244": "Catherine Louise Sagal (born January 19, 1954) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She is known for playing Peggy Bundy on Married... with Children, Leela on Futurama, and Cate Hennessy on 8 Simple Rules. In the third role, Sagal worked with John Ritter until his death, leading to Sagal's taking over as the series lead for the remainder of the show's run. She is also widely known for her role as Gemma Teller Morrow on the FX series Sons of Anarchy, for which she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama in 2011.", "Q1467607": "From the Earth to the Moon is a 12-part 1998 HBO television miniseries co-produced by Ron Howard, Brian Grazer, Tom Hanks, and Michael Bostick, telling the story of the Apollo program during the 1960s and early 1970s in docudrama format. Largely based on Andrew Chaikin's book, A Man on the Moon, the series is known for its accurate telling of the story of Apollo and the special effects under visual director Ernest D. Farino.\nThe series takes its title from, but is not based upon, the Jules Verne science fiction novel From the Earth to the Moon. Hanks appears in every episode, introducing each of the first eleven. The last episode is represented in a pseudo-documentary format narrated by Blythe Danner, interspersed with a reenactment of the making of Georges M\u00e9li\u00e8s' film Le Voyage dans la Lune. Hanks narrates and appears in these scenes as M\u00e9li\u00e8s' assistant.", "Q191163": "Landscape painting, also known as landscape art, is the depiction of landscapes in art\u2014natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests, especially where the main subject is a wide view\u2014with its elements arranged into a coherent composition. In other works, landscape backgrounds for figures can still form an important part of the work. Sky is almost always included in the view, and weather is often an element of the composition. Detailed landscapes as a distinct subject are not found in all artistic traditions, and develop when there is already a sophisticated tradition of representing other subjects.\nThe two main traditions spring from Western painting and Chinese art, going back well over a thousand years in both cases. \nThe recognition of a spiritual element in landscape art is present from its beginnings in East Asian art, drawing on Daoism and other philosophical traditions, but in the West only becomes explicit with Romanticism.\nLandscape views in art may be entirely imaginary, or copied from reality with varying degrees of accuracy. If the primary purpose of a picture is to depict an actual, specific place, especially including buildings prominently, it is called a topographical view. Such views, extremely common as prints in the West, are often seen as inferior to fine art landscapes, although the distinction is not always meaningful; similar prejudices existed in Chinese art, where literati painting usually depicted imaginary views, while professional artists painted real views.The word \"landscape\" entered the modern English language as landskip (variously spelt), an anglicization of the Dutch landschap, around the start of the 17th century, purely as a term for works of art, with its first use as a word for a painting in 1598. Within a few decades it was used to describe vistas in poetry, and eventually as a term for real views. However the cognate term landscaef or landskipe for a cleared patch of land had existed in Old English, though it is not recorded from Middle English.", "Q87089": "Paul Bernd Spahn (born October 17, 1939) is emeritus professor of public finance at the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.\nHe was born in Darmstadt, Germany.Spahn obtained his doctoral degree in Economics from the Free University of Berlin and has worked at various institutions such as Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Australian National University in Canberra, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in Paris.\nAfter his retirement in 2005, he served as Macro Fiscal Advisor to the Minister of Finance and Treasury of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and became the founding Executive Director of the House of Finance of Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main. He was also a member of the Independent Commission on Funding and Finance for Wales in the United Kingdom.\nHe also holds or held consultancies with numerous research institutes in Europe and overseas. He has worked with international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the United Nations, the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, the European Commission, and the Council of Europe.\nSpahn is the author of a study \"On the feasibility of a Currency Transaction Tax\", which has gained widespread attention. Its proposal, the Spahn tax, is a modification of the Tobin tax. Spahn has modified James Tobin's suggestion to have two tiers. There would be a low (perhaps even zero) rate for normal currency exchange and a higher normalization duty that would kick in during periods of high currency volatility.", "Q908458": "The Runaways were an all-female teenage American rock band that recorded and performed in the second half of the 1970s. The band released four studio albums and one live set during its run. Among their best-known songs are \"Cherry Bomb\", \"Hollywood\", \"Queens of Noise\" and a cover version of the Velvet Underground\u2019s \"Rock & Roll\". Never a major success in the United States, the Runaways became a sensation overseas, especially in Japan, thanks to the hit single \"Cherry Bomb\".", "Q703882": "Carl Georg Lange Barth (February 28, 1860 \u2013 October 28, 1939) was a Norwegian-American mathematician, mechanical and consulting engineer, and lecturer at Harvard University. Barth is known as one of the foreman of scientific management, who improved and popularized the industrial use of compound slide rules.", "Q274157": "Mitchel Tate Musso (born July 9, 1991) is an American actor, singer, songwriter and musician. He is best known for his three Disney Channel roles as Oliver Oken/Mike Standley III in Hannah Montana; Jeremy Johnson in the animated series Phineas and Ferb; and his Disney XD role as King Brady on Pair of Kings. He was the host of Disney Channel's PrankStars.He voiced DJ in the computer animated/motion capture film, Monster House, and starred as Raymond Figg in the Disney Channel Original Movie, Life Is Ruff, released in 2005. Musso's self-titled debut album was released on June 2, 2009 on Walt Disney Records. The album debuted at number 19 on the Billboard 200.", "Q504199": "Igor Fedorovich Kostin (27 December 1936 \u2013 9 June 2015) was one of the five photographers in the world to take pictures of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster near Pripyat in Ukraine, on 26 April 1986. He was working for Novosti Press Agency (APN) as a photographer in Kiev, Ukraine, when he represented Novosti to cover the nuclear accident in Chernobyl. Kostin\u2032s aerial view of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was widely published around the world, showing the extent of the devastation, and triggering fear throughout the world of radioactivity contamination the accident caused, when the Soviet media was working to censor information regarding the accident, releasing limited information regarding the accident on 28 April 1986, until the Soviet Union\u2032s collapse in 1991.\nHe had captured the ongoing problems with contamination suffered by human beings and animals. His photos reportedly include those of the many animals born with deformities in the Chernobyl area, from his many incursions into the Zone of alienation to bring the problems to the attention of the world. Kostin died in Kiev in 2015 at the age of 78 in a car accident. He was married to Alla Kostin.", "Q273638": "ESPCI Paris (officially the \u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la Ville de Paris; The City of Paris Industrial Physics and Chemistry Higher Educational Institution) is a prestigious institution of higher education founded in 1882 by the city of Paris, France. It educates undergraduate and graduate students in physics, chemistry and biology and conducts high-level research in those fields. It is ranked as the first French \u00c9cole d'Ing\u00e9nieurs in the 2017 Shanghai Ranking.ESPCI Paris is a constituent college of PSL Research University and a founding member of the ParisTech (Paris Institute of Technology) alliance.\n5 researchers and alumni from ESPCI Paris have been awarded the Nobel Prize:\n\nPierre and Marie Curie (Physics, 1903),\nMarie Curie - second Nobel Prize (Chemistry, 1911),\nFr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Joliot-Curie (Chemistry, 1935),\nPierre-Gilles de Gennes (Physics, 1991),\nGeorges Charpak (Physics, 1992).Two thirds of the students enter the School following a competitive examination (concours X-ESPCI-ENS) following at least two years of Classes Pr\u00e9paratoires. The other students are recruited by submitting applications. The School itself is also known as Physique-Chimie or simply PC.\nESPCI Paris nurtures relationships with many industrial partners such as Schlumberger, Rhodia, Total, Thales, Arkema, Michelin, Withings, which sponsors groups of students and has research contracts with ESPCI laboratories. ESPCI Paris also has partnerships with L'Or\u00e9al and Saint-Gobain for professional recruitment.", "Q108554": "Jacques Palminger (born Heinrich Ebber in 1964 in Borken, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German actor, musician, and member of the comedy ensemble Studio Braun.", "Q899341": "Suicidal Tendencies are an American crossover thrash band formed in 1980 in Venice, California by vocalist Mike Muir, who is the only remaining original member of the band. Along with D.R.I., Corrosion of Conformity, and Stormtroopers of Death, they are often credited as one of \"the fathers of crossover thrash\". Their current lineup includes Muir, guitarists Dean Pleasants and Ben Weinman, bassist Ra D\u00edaz and drummer Dave Lombardo. Notable musicians who have contributed to the band's studio or live activities include guitarists Rocky George and Mike Clark, bassists Louiche Mayorga, Robert Trujillo, Josh Paul and Stephen \"Thundercat\" Bruner, and drummers Amery Smith, Jimmy DeGrasso, Brooks Wackerman, David Hidalgo Jr., Thomas Pridgen and session musician Josh Freese.\nSuicidal Tendencies have released thirteen studio albums (four of which are composed of re-recorded or previously released material), two EPs, four split albums, four compilation albums, and two long-form videos. The band achieved their first success with their 1983 self-titled debut album; it spawned the single \"Institutionalized\", which was one of the first hardcore punk videos to receive substantial airplay on MTV. After releasing one new song on the split release Welcome to Venice (1985) and their second studio album Join the Army (1987), Suicidal Tendencies were signed to Epic Records in 1988, and continued their commercial success with its next three albums, How Will I Laugh Tomorrow When I Can't Even Smile Today (1988), Controlled by Hatred/Feel Like Shit...D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu (1989) and Lights...Camera...Revolution! (1990); the latter two were certified Gold by the RIAA. Their 1992 follow-up album The Art of Rebellion was another success, and included three of their biggest hits \"Asleep at the Wheel\", \"Nobody Hears\" and \"I'll Hate You Better\".After releasing two more studio albums (Still Cyco After All These Years and Suicidal for Life), the band broke up and severed ties from Sony and Epic in 1995. However, they reunited a year later and have continued to perform and record since then. After over a decade of work and many lineup changes, Suicidal Tendencies released their eleventh studio album with all-new material, 13, in 2013, followed three years later by World Gone Mad (2016); both albums were well-received by critics, and considered comebacks for Suicidal Tendencies. Their most recent releases are the EP Get Your Fight On! and an album featuring unreleased and re-recorded material Still Cyco Punk After All These Years, both released in 2018.", "Q91833": "Ludwig von Henk (4 March 1820, Anklam \u2013 17 October 1894) was a German naval officer, who distinguished himself in the Prussian Navy and later in the Imperial German Navy of the German Empire. He retired as a Vice-Admiral.\n\n", "Q1017117": "Burton Christopher Bell (born February 19, 1969) is an American musician and vocalist. Bell is best known as co-founder and frontman of the metal band Fear Factory. His singing style mixes clean and shouted vocals with death growls.", "Q96184": "Max Walter G\u00fclstorff (23 March 1882 \u2013 6 February 1947) was a German actor and stage director.", "Q157050": "Veles (Macedonian: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441 [\u02c8v\u025bl\u025bs] (listen)) is a city in the central part of the Republic of North Macedonia on the Vardar river. The city of Veles is the seat of Veles Municipality.\n\n", "Q183567": "William Balfour Baikie (27 August 1825 \u2013 12 December 1864) was a Scottish explorer, naturalist and philologist.", "Q460379": "Bad Boys is a 1995 American action comedy film directed by Michael Bay, in his feature directorial debut, produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer and starring Martin Lawrence and Will Smith as two Miami narcotics detectives, Marcus Burnett and Mike Lowrey. Despite mixed reviews, Bad Boys was commercially successful and gained a cult following. It spawned the Bad Boys trilogy, which includes two sequels, Bad Boys II (2003), and Bad Boys for Life (2020).", "Q62763": "Ernst Kraft Wilhelm Nu\u00dfelt (Nusselt in English; born November 25, 1882 in Nuremberg \u2013 died September 1, 1957 in M\u00fcnchen) was a German engineer. Nusselt studied mechanical engineering at the Munich Technical University (Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen), where he got his doctorate in 1907. He taught in Dresden from 1913 to 1917.\nDuring this teaching tenure he developed the dimensional analysis of heat transfer, without any knowledge of the Buckingham \u03c0 theorem or any other developments of Lord Rayleigh.\nIn so doing he opened the door for further heat transfer analysis. After teaching and working in Switzerland and Germany between 1917 and 1925, he was appointed to the Chair of Theoretical Mechanics in M\u00fcnchen. There he made important developments in the field of heat exchangers. He held that position until 1952, being succeeded in the job by another important figure in the field of heat transfer, Ernst Schmidt.\nThe Nusselt number used in Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer is named in his honour.", "Q147243": "\u0160tip (Macedonian: \u0428\u0442\u0438\u043f [\u0283tip] (listen)) is the largest urban agglomeration in the eastern part of North Macedonia, serving as the economic, industrial, entertainment and educational focal point for the surrounding municipalities.\nAs of the 2002 census, the \u0160tip municipality alone had a population of about 47,796.\n\u0160tip is the largest textile production center in the country; Center of the fashion industry in North Macedonia, as well as the location of the sole public university in eastern North Macedonia, Goce Del\u010dev University of \u0160tip.\nThe city of \u0160tip is the seat of \u0160tip Municipality.", "Q1145645": "Curtis Salgado (born February 4, 1954 in Everett, Washington, United States) is a Portland, Oregon-based blues, R&B, and soul singer-songwriter. He plays harmonica and fronts his own band as lead vocalist.", "Q909746": "William Brent Hinds (born January 16, 1974) is an American musician best known as a member of the Atlanta, Georgia metal band Mastodon, in which he shares guitar duties with Bill Kelliher and vocal duties with Troy Sanders and Brann Dailor.\nHinds is also lead guitarist/singer for the surfabilly band Fiend Without a Face, and is involved in other projects, including classic rock bands The Blood Vessels, West End Motel, Four Hour Fogger, The Last of the Blue Eyed Devils, Giraffe Tongue Orchestra, and Legend of the Seagullmen.", "Q940346": "Henry Dreyfuss (March 2, 1904 \u2013 October 5, 1972) was an industrial design pioneer. Dreyfuss is known for designing some of the most iconic devices found in American homes and offices throughout the twentieth century, including the Western Electric Model 500 telephone, the Westclox Big Ben alarm clock, and the Honeywell round thermostat. Dreyfuss enjoyed long term associations with several name brand companies such as John Deere, Polaroid, and American Airlines.", "Q366547": "James Harold Doolittle (December 14, 1896 \u2013 September 27, 1993) was an American military general and aviation pioneer. He made early coast-to-coast flights, won many flying races, and helped develop instrument flying.Doolittle studied as an undergraduate at University of California, Berkeley, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1922 and earning a doctorate in aeronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1925. He was a flying instructor during World War I and a Reserve officer in the United States Army Air Corps, but he was recalled to active duty during World War II. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for personal valor and leadership as commander of the Doolittle Raid, a bold long-range retaliatory air raid on some of the Japanese main islands on April 18, 1942, four months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The attack was a major morale booster for the United States, and Doolittle was celebrated as a hero.\nDoolittle was promoted to lieutenant general and commanded the Twelfth Air Force over North America, the Fifteenth Air Force over the Mediterranean, and the Eighth Air Force over Europe. After World War II, he retired and left the air force but remained active in many technical fields, and was eventually promoted to general 26 years after retirement.", "Q994671": "Brutal Truth was an American grindcore band from New York, New York, United States, formed by ex-Anthrax, Nuclear Assault, and Stormtroopers of Death bass guitarist Dan Lilker in 1990. The group disbanded in 1999, but reformed in 2006 and continued to release music until 2014.", "Q1070832": "George Forrest (born George Forrest Chichester Jr., July 31, 1915 \u2013 October 10, 1999) was an American writer of music and lyrics for musical theatre best known for the show Kismet, adapted from the works of Alexander Borodin. He was also known professionally at times as Chet Forrest.", "Q670878": "Mikael Ericsson (born February 28, 1960) is a Swedish former rally driver. During his career he competed in 40 events in the World Rally Championship, including two victories consecutively in 1989, his best year, when he finished fourth overall.\n\n", "Q1332307": "Bogoslovskoe Cemetery (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435) is a cemetery in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is located in the Kalininsky District of the city between Laboratornaya Street and Prospekt Mechnikov.\nThe name comes from the church of John the Apostle, (Russian: \u0418\u043e\u0430\u043d\u043d \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432, Ioann Bogoslov), which from the early 18th century had a burial ground attached, mostly for those who died in the nearby military hospital. This site was some 2.5 km south of the present cemetery, at what is now the intersection of Arsenalnaya Street and Mineralnaya Streets. The church and cemetery were closed in 1788 and the land sold off into private ownership. In 1841 the city acquired a new plot of land for a cemetery, and named it after the previous one. In 1844, the Most Holy Synod approved the building of a new stone church, but no funds were available. In 1853-1854 a small two-storey chapel was built. \nIn 1915\u20131916, a new wooden three-fronted church of John the Apostle was built at the cemetery to the design of architect Viktor Bobrov. The church was closed during the Soviet era, and finally looted and demolished in 1938, along with part of the cemetery, as it lay within an area closed off for military purposes. In Soviet times the cemetery became the burial place of many prominent scientists, cultural figures, and military officials. It was also the site of several mass graves of those who died during the siege of Leningrad. These are found in the northern part of the cemetery, marked by a hill topped with a small obelisk. In October 2000, a newly rebuilt wooden church of John the Apostle was consecrated.", "Q376754": "Charles Gordon Curtis (April 20, 1860 in Boston \u2013 March 1953 in Central Islip, Suffolk County, New York) was an American engineer, inventor, and patent attorney. He is best known as the developer of the eponymous Curtis steam turbine.", "Q7763757": "The Shell Seekers (German: Die Muschelsucher) is a 2006 mini-series starring Academy Award-winners, Vanessa Redgrave and Maximilian Schell. The British-German co-production was directed by Piers Haggard. It is an adaptation of Rosamunde Pilcher's 1987 novel of the same name and premiered on Germany's ZDF on 25 December 2006. It was screened in the United States on the Hallmark Channel on 3 May 2008.", "Q75579": "Edith Peters (April 14, 1926 \u2013 October 28, 2000) was an American singer and actress. She appeared in more than sixteen films from 1957 to 1981.\n\n", "Q223769": "Earl Simmons (born December 18, 1970), known professionally as DMX, is an American rapper and actor. He began rapping in the early 1990s, and released his debut album, It's Dark and Hell Is Hot in 1998 to both critical acclaim and commercial success, selling 251,000 copies within its first week of release. He released his best-selling album, ... And Then There Was X, in 1999, which included the hit single \"Party Up (Up in Here)\". Since his debut, DMX has released seven studio albums.\nHe has been featured in films such as Belly, Romeo Must Die, Exit Wounds, Cradle 2 the Grave and Last Hour. In 2006, he starred in the reality television series DMX: Soul of a Man, which was primarily aired on the BET cable television network. In 2003, DMX published a book of his memoirs entitled, E.A.R.L.: The Autobiography of DMX.", "Q74667": "Paul Kr\u00fcger (20 March 1840 \u2013 11 May 1926) was a German jurist.\n\n", "Q4301113": "Andrey Yuryevich Molchanov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432; born September 24, 1971) is a Russian politician. He is the representative of the Leningrad Oblast in the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, and the founder and major shareholder of LSR Group (OJSC).", "Q436881": "Kathleen Rose Perkins (born November 15, 1974) is an American actress.", "Q523240": "Concord () is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, in the United States. At the 2010 census, the town population was 17,668. The United States Census Bureau considers Concord part of Greater Boston. The town center is near where the confluence of the Sudbury and Assabet rivers forms the Concord River.\nThe area that became the town of Concord was originally known as Musketaquid, an Algonquian word for \"grassy plain.\" Concord was established in 1635 by a handful of British settlers; by 1775, the population had grown to 1,400. As dissension between colonists in North America and the British crown intensified, 700 troops were sent to confiscate militia ordnance stored at Concord on April 19, 1775. The ensuing conflict, the Battle of Lexington and Concord, was the incident (the shot heard round the world) that triggered the American Revolutionary War.\nA rich literary community developed in Concord during the mid-19th century, centered around Ralph Waldo Emerson. Emerson's circle included Nathaniel Hawthorne, Louisa May Alcott and Henry David Thoreau. Major works written in Concord during this period include Alcott's novel Little Women, Emerson's essay Self-Reliance, and Thoreau's Walden and Civil Disobedience. In this era, the now-ubiquitous Concord grape was developed in Concord by Ephraim Wales Bull.\nIn the 20th century, Concord developed into an affluent Boston suburb and tourist destination, drawing visitors to the Old North Bridge, Orchard House and Walden Pond. The town retains its literary culture and is home to notable authors, including Doris Kearns Goodwin, Alan Lightman and Gregory Maguire. Concord is also notable for its progressive and environmentalist politics, becoming in 2012 the first community in the United States to ban single-serving PET bottles.", "Q616525": "Gianfranco Miccich\u00e8 (born 1 April 1954 in Palermo, Sicily) is an Italian politician.", "Q6308028": "Julie Ault (born 1957) is an American artist, curator, and editor who was a cofounder of Group Material, a New York-based artists' collaborative that has produced over fifty exhibitions and public projects exploring relationships between politics and aesthetics. She was awarded a MacArthur Fellows Program grant, commonly referred to as a MacArthur Genius Grant, in 2018 in recognition for her achievements \"redefining the role of the artwork and the artist by melding artistic, curatorial, archival, editorial, and activist practices into a new form of cultural production.\"\n\n", "Q274631": "\u00c9lie Catherine Fr\u00e9ron (20 January 1718 \u2013 10 March 1776) was a French literary critic and controversialist whose career focused on countering the influence of the philosophes of the French Enlightenment, partly thorough his vehicle, the Ann\u00e9e litt\u00e9raire. Thus Fr\u00e9ron, in recruiting young writers to counter the literary establishment became central to the movement now called the Counter-Enlightenment.", "Q335679": "James Randolph Lindesay-Bethune, 16th Earl of Lindsay, (born 19 November 1955) is a Scottish businessman and Conservative politician.\nThe son of David, Earl of Lindsay and his first wife Mary Douglas-Scott-Montagu, he was educated at Eton, the University of Edinburgh and the University of California, Davis. He succeeded his father as Earl of Lindsay in 1989. He was vice-chairman of the Inter-Party Union Committee on Environment 1994\u201395, and was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland from 1995\u201397, during which time he was responsible for agriculture, fisheries and environment. His work has been involved with the environment and the food industry. Between 2012 and 2017, Lord Lindsay was President of the National Trust of Scotland.\nIn 1982 he married Diana Mary Chamberlayne-Macdonald, a granddaughter of Sir Alexander Somerled Angus Bosville Macdonald of Sleat, 16th Baronet; the two have five children:\n\nLady Frances Mary Lindesay-Bethune (b. 1986)\nLady Alexandra Penelope Lindesay-Bethune (b. 1988)\nWilliam James Lindesay-Bethune, Viscount of Garnock (b. 30 December 1990)\nHon. David Nigel Lindesay-Bethune (b. 1993)\nLady Charlotte Diana Lindesay-Bethune (b. 1993)Diana, Countess of Lindsay, is a Patroness of the Royal Caledonian Ball and a Master of the Fife Foxhounds.\n\n", "Q711538": "Joaqu\u00edn Navarro-Valls, M.D. (November 16, 1936 \u2013 July 5, 2017) was a Spanish journalist, physician and academic who served as the Director of the Holy See Press Office from 1984 to 2006. His role as the press liaison between the Vatican and the world press corps gave him perhaps the highest visibility of any one person in the Vatican during the long reign of Pope John Paul II, with the exception of the Pope himself. He resigned his post July 11, 2006 and was replaced by Father Federico Lombardi. On January 20, 2007, he was named president of the board of advisers of the Biomedical University of Rome, an office he occupied until his death.\n\n", "Q36454": "Narita International Airport (\u6210\u7530\u56fd\u969b\u7a7a\u6e2f, Narita Kokusai K\u016bk\u014d) (IATA: NRT, ICAO: RJAA), also known as Tokyo Narita Airport, formerly and originally known as New Tokyo International Airport (\u65b0\u6771\u4eac\u56fd\u969b\u7a7a\u6e2f, Shin T\u014dky\u014d Kokusai K\u016bk\u014d), is an international airport serving the Greater Tokyo Area of Japan. It is located approximately 60 kilometers (37 mi) east of central Tokyo in Narita, Chiba.As of 2015, Narita is the predominant international airport in Japan, handling around 50% of the country's international passenger traffic and 60% of its international air cargo traffic. As of 2016, Narita was the second-busiest passenger airport in Japan (after Haneda Airport in Tokyo), and was the tenth-busiest air freight hub in the world. Its 4,000-meter (13,123 ft) main runway shares the record for longest runway in Japan with the second runway at Kansai International Airport in Osaka.Narita serves as the main international hub of Japan Airlines, All Nippon Airways and Nippon Cargo Airlines, and as a hub for low-cost carriers Jetstar Japan and Peach.\nAt Narita, air traffic movements have been controlled under various noise related operating restrictions. As a result, the airport must be closed from midnight to 6:00am the next day to minimize noise impact around the airport.\n\n", "Q236402": "Lila Diane Sawyer (; born December 22, 1945) is an American television broadcast journalist known for anchoring major programs on 2 networks including ABC World News Tonight, Good Morning America,20/20 and Primetime newsmagazine while at ABC News. During her tenure at CBS News she hosted CBS Morning and was the first woman correspondent on 60 Minutes newsmagazine. Prior to her journalism career, she was a member of U.S. President Richard Nixon's White House staff and assisted in his post-presidency memoirs. Presently she works for ABC News producing documentaries and interview specials.", "Q113174": "Kodwo Eshun (born 1967) is a British-Ghanaian writer, theorist and filmmaker. He studied English Literature (BA Hons, MA Hons) at University College, Oxford University, and Romanticism and Modernism MA Hons at Southampton University. He currently teaches on the MA in Contemporary Art Theory in the Department of Visual Cultures at Goldsmiths College, University of London, and at CCC Research Master Program of the Visual Arts Department at HEAD (Geneva School of Art and Design).", "Q29574": "Beatrix (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8be\u02d0ja\u02d0tr\u026aks \u02cc\u028b\u026al\u0266\u025bl\u02c8mina\u02d0 \u02c8\u0294\u0251rm\u0261\u0251rt] (listen); born 31 January 1938) is a member of the Dutch royal house who reigned as Queen of the Netherlands from 1980 until her abdication in 2013.\nBeatrix is the eldest daughter of Queen Juliana and her husband, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Upon her mother's accession in 1948, she became heir presumptive. Beatrix attended a public primary school in Canada during World War II, and then finished her primary and secondary education in the Netherlands in the post-war period. In 1961, she received her law degree from Leiden University. In 1966, Beatrix married Claus von Amsberg, a German diplomat, with whom she had three children. When her mother abdicated on 30 April 1980, Beatrix succeeded her as queen.\nBeatrix's reign saw the country's Caribbean possessions reshaped with Aruba's secession and becoming its own constituent country within the kingdom in 1986. This was followed by the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010, which created the new special municipalities of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba, and the two new constituent countries of Cura\u00e7ao and Sint Maarten.\nOn Koninginnedag (Queen's Day), 30 April 2013, Beatrix abdicated in favour of her eldest son, Willem-Alexander. At the time of her abdication at age 75, Beatrix was the oldest reigning monarch in the country's history.", "Q654716": "Peter, Paul and Mary was an American folk group formed in New York City in 1961, during the American folk music revival phenomenon. The trio was composed of tenor Peter Yarrow, baritone Noel Paul Stookey and contralto Mary Travers. The group's repertoire included songs written by Yarrow and Stookey, early songs by Bob Dylan as well as covers of other folk musicians. After the death of Travers in 2009, Yarrow and Stookey continued to perform as a duo under their individual names.Mary Travers said she was influenced by Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, and the Weavers. In the documentary Peter, Paul & Mary: Carry It On \u2014 A Musical Legacy members of the Weavers discuss how Peter, Paul and Mary took over the torch of the social commentary of folk music in the 1960s.\nThe group was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999. Peter, Paul and Mary received the Sammy Cahn Lifetime Achievement Award from Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2006.", "Q76070": "Louis Jean Jacques Angely (1 February 1787 \u2013 16 November 1835) was a German playwright, actor and director, who wrote Possen (farces) and vaudeville after French models, adapted for German audiences.\nAngely was born in Leipzig, the son of Gorges Jean Louis Angely, cantor of the French Reformed Church in Leipzig, and his wife Jeanne Marie. He debuted as an actor in Szczecin in 1808. After working in the Baltic cities of Riga, Tallinn and Jelgava, where he often appeared in comic roles, he went to the Deutsche Hoftheater in St. Petersburg in 1826. After 1828, he worked as an actor-director at the newly established Berlin K\u00f6nigst\u00e4dter Theater. He retired from the stage In 1830 and bought an inn in Spandauer Strasse in Berlin, while continuing to write plays. His most successful play was the original Berlin Posse Das Fest der Handwerker, in which he himself created the celebrated role of Foreman Kluck.\nHe died in Berlin and was buried in the cemetery of the French Reformed Church (Franz\u00f6sischer Friedhof).", "Q710626": "Arthur Mendel (June 6, 1905 \u2013 October 14, 1979) was an American musicologist. He was born in Boston and died in Newark, New Jersey.", "Q1232475": "Dmitry Dmitrievich Maksutov (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432) (23 April [O.S. 11 April] 1896 \u2013 12 August 1964) was a Russian / Soviet optical engineer and amateur astronomer. He is best known as the inventor of the Maksutov telescope.", "Q279315": "Giovanni Giorgi (27 November 1871 \u2013 19 August 1950) was an Italian physicist and electrical engineer who proposed the Giorgi system of measurement, the precursor to the International System of Units (SI).", "Q305962": "Abbas Mahmoud al-Aqqad (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u200e, ALA-LC: \u2018Abb\u0101s Ma\u1e25m\u016bd al-\u2018Aqq\u0101d; 28 June 1889 \u2013 12 March 1964) was an Egyptian journalist, poet and literary critic, and member of the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo. More precisely, because \"his writings cover a broad spectrum, including poetry, criticism, Islamology, history, philosophy, politics, biography, science, and Arabic literature\", he is perceived to be a polymath.", "Q102079": "Rachel D\u00fcbendorfer (n\u00e9e Hepner, 18 July 1900 \u2013 3 March 1973) was an anti-Nazi resistance fighter. During the Second World War, her codename was Sissy, and she was in a section of the Red Three Swiss resistance movement.\n\n", "Q49280": "Mary Engle Pennington (October 8, 1872 \u2013 December 27, 1952) was an American bacteriological chemist and refrigeration engineer.\n\n", "Q2503809": "Kingston University London (abbreviated KUL) is a public research university located within the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, in South West London, England. Its roots go back to the Kingston Technical Institute, founded in 1899. It received university status in 1992, before which the institution was known as Kingston Polytechnic.\nKingston has over 19,000 students and a turnover of \u00a3192 million. It has four campuses situated in Kingston and Roehampton. The university specialises in the arts, design, fashion, science, engineering, and business and is organised into four faculties: Kingston School of Art (KSA), Faculty of Business and Social Sciences (which combines Kingston Business School (KBS) and the School of Law, Social and Behavioural Sciences), Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education and Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing (SEC). The Kingston Business School (KBS) is CNAA Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree approved.\nKingston is ranked 48th in the UK by The Guardian University Guide 2020 and the top 250 in the world for Business & Economics by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2019. In 2017, the university won The Guardian University Award for teaching excellence. Kingston is a member of the European University Association, the Association of Commonwealth Universities and University Alliance group.", "Q1056163": "Jean-Marc Cerrone (French: [s\u025b\u0281\u0254n], Italian: [t\u0283e\u02c8r\u0254\u02d0ne]; born 24 May 1952) is a French disco drummer, composer, record producer and creator of concert shows. Cerrone is an influential producer of 1970s and 1980s disco songs. He has sold over 30 million albums worldwide, including over four million copies in France, and eight million copies of Supernature, The single \"Love in C Minor\" (1976) reached No. 3 and was in the charts for two months, selling three million copies. With \"Supernature\" (1977), Cerrone merged symphonic orchestration with synthesizers. At the 1978 Billboard Disco Forum, Cerrone received six awards including Disco Artist of the Year.In addition to Love in C Minor, Cerrone's Paradise and Supernature, Marc Cerrone enjoyed success in Europe with albums such as Cerrone IV: The Golden Touch (1978), Where Are You Now (1983), The Collector (1985), Human Nature (1994) and more recently with the dance albums Hysteria (2002) and Celebrate (2007). Cerrone is also known for live performances. In 1991 he played on the show \"Harmony\" to celebrate the launch of Japan's first high-definition TV satellite. The rock opera was played to over 800,000 spectators at Tokyo harbour. Cerrone adapted \"Harmony\" for theatre. In 1992, the musical Dreamtime which was based on an original story by Cerrone ran for 140 shows on Broadway at New York's Ed Sullivan Theater.Cerrone has recorded and performed with Nile Rodgers, Toto, Laura Branigan, Jocelyn Brown, La Toya Jackson and Axelle Red. His music has been sampled by artists such as The Avalanches, Bob Sinclar, the Beastie Boys, \"Le Knight Club\" and Run-DMC.", "Q1485": "Lupus, technically known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. Symptoms vary between people and may be mild to severe. Common symptoms include painful and swollen joints, fever, chest pain, hair loss, mouth ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, feeling tired, and a red rash which is most commonly on the face. Often there are periods of illness, called flares, and periods of remission during which there are few symptoms.The cause of SLE is not clear. It is thought to involve genetics together with environmental factors. Among identical twins, if one is affected there is a 24% chance the other one will be as well. Female sex hormones, sunlight, smoking, vitamin D deficiency, and certain infections, are also believed to increase the risk. The mechanism involves an immune response by autoantibodies against a person's own tissues. These are most commonly anti-nuclear antibodies and they result in inflammation. Diagnosis can be difficult and is based on a combination of symptoms and laboratory tests. There are a number of other kinds of lupus erythematosus including discoid lupus erythematosus, neonatal lupus, and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.There is no cure for SLE. Treatments may include NSAIDs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, hydroxychloroquine, and methotrexate. Although corticosteroids are rapidly effective, long term use results in side effects. Alternative medicine has not been shown to affect the disease. Life expectancy is lower among people with SLE. SLE significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease with this being the most common cause of death. With modern treatment about 80% of those affected survive more than 15 years. Women with lupus have pregnancies that are higher risk but are mostly successful.Rate of SLE varies between countries from 20 to 70 per 100,000. Women of childbearing age are affected about nine times more often than men. While it most commonly begins between the ages of 15 and 45, a wide range of ages can be affected. Those of African, Caribbean, and Chinese descent are at higher risk than white people. Rates of disease in the developing world are unclear. Lupus is Latin for \"wolf\": the disease was so-named in the 13th century as the rash was thought to appear like a wolf's bite.\n\n", "Q74897": "Francesco Saverio Quadrio (1 December 1695 \u2013 21 November 1756) was an Italian scholar, historian, and writer. His most famous work is Della storia e della ragione di ogni poesia, a voluminous history of poetry, theatre, and music.", "Q426462": "Riding for Germany (German: Reitet f\u00fcr Deutschland) is a 1941 German drama film directed by Arthur Maria Rabenalt and starring Willy Birgel, Gertrud Eysoldt and Gerhild Weber. A German cavalry officer, badly injured during the First World War, emerges as a leading competitor in post-war equestrian events.", "Q223741": "Brian Molko (born 10 December 1972) is a Belgian-born British-American musician and songwriter who is the lead vocalist and guitarist of the band Placebo. He is known in particular for his distinctive nasal, high-pitched vocals, feminine/androgynous appearance, aggressive guitar style and unique tunings.", "Q24078": "La Jana (born Henriette Margareta Niederauer, later surnamed Hiebel; 24 February 1905 \u2013 13 March 1940) was an Austro-German dancer and actress.", "Q1206920": "Devin Copeland (born June 4, 1970), better known by his stage name Devin the Dude, is an American hip hop recording artist from Houston, Texas. He is known for his unique rapping style and his 2002 songs \"Lacville '79\" and \"Doobie Ashtray\".", "Q89932": "Maxie Wander (January 3, 1933 \u2013 November 21, 1977) was an Austrian writer in East Germany (GDR), who was born in a proletarian quarter of Vienna. She came to fame after Guten Morgen, Du Sch\u00f6ne (Good Morning My Lovely) was published, and remains an important figure in East German literature after her death from cancer.", "Q121850": "Laurentius Surius (translating to Lorenz Sauer; L\u00fcbeck, 1523 \u2013 Cologne, 23 May 1578) was a German Carthusian hagiographer and church historian.", "Q572741": "Kwame Akroma-Ampim Kusi Anthony Appiah ( AP-ee-ah; born 8 May 1954) is a\nBritish-Ghanaian philosopher, cultural theorist, and novelist whose interests include political and moral theory, the philosophy of language and mind, and African intellectual history. Appiah was the Laurance S. Rockefeller University Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University, before moving to New York University (NYU) in 2014. He currently holds an appointment at the NYU Department of Philosophy and NYU's School of Law.", "Q185658": "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is a 1989 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg, from a story co-written by executive producer George Lucas. It is the third installment in the Indiana Jones franchise. Harrison Ford reprises the title role, while his father is portrayed by Sean Connery. Other cast members featured include Alison Doody, Denholm Elliott, Julian Glover, River Phoenix, and John Rhys-Davies. In the film, set largely in 1938, Indiana searches for his father, a Holy Grail scholar, who has been kidnapped by Nazis.\nAfter the mixed reaction to Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Spielberg chose to tone down the gore in the next installment. During the five years between The Temple of Doom and The Last Crusade, he and executive producer Lucas reviewed several scripts before accepting Jeffrey Boam's. Filming locations included Spain, Italy, West Germany, Jordan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.The film was released in North America on May 24, 1989 to mostly positive reviews and a financial success, earning $474.2 million at the worldwide box office totals. It won an Oscar for Best Sound Effects Editing.\n\n", "Q967909": "Ryohei Haga (\u7fbd\u8cc0 \u4eae\u5e73, Haga Ry\u014dhei, born 17 September 1988) is a Japanese speed skater who is specialized in the sprint distances.", "Q466046": "Sal\u00e9 (French pronunciation: \u200b[sale]; Arabic: \u0633\u0644\u0627\u200e Sala, Berber \u2d59\u2d4d\u2d30 Sla) is a city in north-western Morocco, on the right bank of the Bou Regreg river, opposite the national capital Rabat, for which it serves as a commuter town. Founded in about 1030 by Arabic-speaking Berbers, the Banu Ifran, it later became a haven for pirates in the 17th century as an independent republic before being incorporated into Alaouite Morocco.\nThe city's name is sometimes transliterated as Salli or Sallee. The National Route 6 connects it to Fez and Meknes in the east and the N1 to K\u00e9nitra in the north-east. It recorded a population of 890,403 in the 2014 Moroccan census.", "Q720915": "Alfredo Jorge Nobre da Costa, GCC, ComC, OMRI (Lisbon, Lapa, 10 September 1923 \u2014 Lisbon, 4 February 1996), commonly known just by Nobre da Costa (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8n\u0254b\u027e(\u0268) d\u0250 \u02c8k\u0254\u0283t\u0250]), was a Portuguese engineer and politician.\nHe was the only son of Alfredo Henrique Andresen da Costa (b. 4 November 1893), of Goan, Italian, French and/or Catalan, Danish and Portuguese ancestry, and wife Portuguese Maria Helena Nobre.\nHe graduated from Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico.\nA moderate independent center-left politician, he was chosen by President Ant\u00f3nio Ramalho Eanes to lead a government that would finish the four-year legislative term, which had been initiated in the 1976 Portuguese legislative election. His cabinet consisted of independents. However, it failed to gain a majority in the Assembly of the Republic, and Nobre da Costa resigned. He was replaced by Carlos Alberto da Mota Pinto.\nHe married on 5 May 1951 Maria de Lourdes de Carvalho e Cunha Fortes da Gama and had a single daughter Vera Maria Nobre da Costa (b. 5 February 1952).", "Q231345": "Johanna Maria \"Jenny\" Lind (6 October 1820 \u2013 2 November 1887) was a Swedish opera singer, often called the \"Swedish Nightingale\". One of the most highly regarded singers of the 19th century, she performed in soprano roles in opera in Sweden and across Europe, and undertook an extraordinarily popular concert tour of the United States beginning in 1850. She was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music from 1840.\nLind became famous after her performance in Der Freisch\u00fctz in Sweden in 1838. Within a few years, she had suffered vocal damage, but the singing teacher Manuel Garc\u00eda saved her voice. She was in great demand in opera roles throughout Sweden and northern Europe during the 1840s, and was closely associated with Felix Mendelssohn. After two acclaimed seasons in London, she announced her retirement from opera at the age of 29.\nIn 1850, Lind went to America at the invitation of the showman P. T. Barnum. She gave 93 large-scale concerts for him and then continued to tour under her own management. She earned more than $350,000 from these concerts, donating the proceeds to charities, principally the endowment of free schools in Sweden. With her new husband, Otto Goldschmidt, she returned to Europe in 1852 where she had three children and gave occasional concerts over the next two decades, settling in England in 1855. From 1882, for some years, she was a professor of singing at the Royal College of Music in London.", "Q68266": "Ems or EMS may refer to:\n\n", "Q70429": "Hermann Gr\u00f6he (born 25 February 1961) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as Minister of Health in the third cabinet of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2013 until 2018.", "Q152666": "William Morris Hughes, (25 September 1862 \u2013 28 October 1952) was an Australian politician who served as the 7th Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1915 to 1923. He is best known for leading the country during World War I, but his influence on national politics spanned several decades. Hughes was a member of federal parliament from Federation in 1901 until his death, the only person to have served for more than 50 years. He represented six political parties during his career, leading five, outlasting four, and being expelled from three.\nHughes was born in London to Welsh parents. He emigrated to Australia at the age of 22, and became involved in the fledgling labour movement. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1894, as a member of the New South Wales Labor Party, and then transferred to the new federal parliament in 1901. Hughes combined his early political career with part-time legal studies, and was called to the bar in 1903. He first entered cabinet in 1904, in the short-lived Watson Government, and was later Attorney-General in each of Andrew Fisher's governments. He was elected deputy leader of the Australian Labor Party in 1914.\nHughes became prime minister in October 1915, when Fisher retired due to ill health. The war was the dominant issue of the time, and his support for sending conscripted troops overseas caused a split within Labor ranks. Hughes and his supporters were expelled from the party in November 1916, but he was able to remain in power at the head of the new National Labor Party, which after a few months merged with the Liberals to form the Nationalist Party. His government was re-elected with large majorities at the 1917 and 1919 elections. Hughes established the forerunners of the Australian Federal Police and the CSIRO during the war, and also created a number of new state-owned enterprises to aid the post-war economy. He made a significant impression on other world leaders at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, where he secured Australian control of the former German New Guinea.\nAt the 1922 election, the Nationalists lost their majority in parliament and were forced to form a coalition with the Country Party. Hughes' resignation was the price for Country Party support, and he was succeeded as prime minister by Stanley Bruce. He became one of Bruce's leading critics over time, and in 1928, following a dispute over industrial relations, he and his supporters crossed the floor on a confidence motion and brought down the government. After a period as an independent, Hughes formed his own organisation, the Australian Party, which in 1931 merged into the new United Australia Party (UAP). He returned to cabinet in 1934, and became known for his prescient warnings against Japanese imperialism. As late as 1939, he missed out on a second stint as prime minister by only a handful of votes, losing a UAP leadership ballot to Robert Menzies.\nHughes is generally acknowledged as one of the most influential Australian politicians of the 20th century. He was a controversial figure throughout his lifetime, and his legacy continues to be debated by historians. His strong views and abrasive manner meant he frequently made political enemies, often from within his own parties. Hughes' opponents accused him of engaging in authoritarianism and populism, as well as inflaming sectarianism; his use of the War Precautions Act 1914 was particularly controversial. His former colleagues in the Labor Party considered him a traitor, while conservatives were suspicious of what they viewed as his socialist economic policies. However, he was extremely popular among the general public, particularly ex-servicemen, who affectionately nicknamed him \"the little digger\".", "Q433709": "Jarmila Novotn\u00e1 (September 23, 1907, in Prague \u2013 February 9, 1994, in New York City) was a celebrated Czech soprano and actress and, from 1940 to 1956, a star of the Metropolitan Opera.", "Q462220": "Liviu Rebreanu (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8livju re\u02c8bre\u032fanu]; November 27, 1885 \u2013 September 1, 1944) was a Romanian novelist, playwright, short story writer, and journalist.\n\n", "Q57096": "Concise is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q1611073": "E.G. Records was a British artist management company and independent record label, mostly active during the 1970s and 1980s. The initials stood for its founders, David Enthoven and John Gaydon. \nThe pair signed on as managers of King Crimson in early 1969, during the formative stage of the band and prior to the release of debut In the Court of the Crimson King, with it springboarding their entrance into the record label and music publishing markets. They also signed T. Rex, Emerson, Lake & Palmer and Roxy Music to management. \nGaydon left the company in 1971 and Enthoven, due to declining health, in June 1977. Samuel George Alder and Mark Fenwick (later managing Roger Waters) took over control of the companies, re-releasing material from King Crimson in addition to new releases from acts such as Iain Ballamy, Bill Bruford, The Chieftains, Earthworks, Brian Eno, Robert Fripp, Human Chain, Killing Joke, Loose Tubes, Man Jumping, Penguin Cafe Orchestra, Elan Sicroff, Toyah Willcox, and U.K.\nThe label was distributed in the UK by Island Records (through 1974) and then Polydor Records. In the US, artists were placed on Atlantic Records, Warner Bros. Records, Reprise Records, Atco Records, Polydor Records, Passport Records/Jem Records, Caroline Records and Virgin Records and on various other labels in other parts of the world.\nAlder and Fenwick were investors in Lloyd's of London and attempted an entrance into the real estate market; major losses on both ventures through 1988-1991 led them to have E.G. loan 4 million pounds towards their failing businesses, which led to no royalty payments to their roster for that time period. This prompted extensive legal battles with many of the artists they were involved with. Most notable among those was the one undertaken by Robert Fripp, which lasted 7 and a half years (April 1991 - September 1997). Fripp has been publicly critical of Sam Alder's business practices, both in regards to the non-payment of royalties and beyond, recounting the development of the situation that led to the lawsuit and digitizing/reproducing financial/legal documents multiple times on his online diary.E.G. was sold to Virgin Records in 1992, which continued operating E.G. In 1996, after Virgin was sold to EMI, it was absorbed into Virgin.\nEnthoven was born on 5 July 1944. He continued in music management until his death on 11 August 2016.", "Q271761": "Gina Bellman (born 10 July 1966) is a New Zealand-born British actress best known for her performances as Jane Christie on the BBC's hit comedy show Coupling and as grifter Sophie Devereaux on the 2008 TNT television series Leverage.", "Q39997": "Korea University (KU, Korean: \uace0\ub824\ub300\ud559\uad50; Hanja: \u9ad8\u9e97\u5927\u5b78\u6821; RR: Goryeo Daehakgyo) is a private research university in Seoul, South Korea.\nEstablished in 1905, Korea University is one of the nation's oldest and most prominent institutions of higher education. The student body consists of over 20,000 undergraduate students and over 10,000 graduate students. The university's academic breadth is broad with its 81 departments in 19 colleges and divisions, as well as 18 graduate schools. It has over 1,500 full-time faculty members with over 95% of them holding Ph.D. or equivalent qualification in their field. The Korea University Alumni Association consists of more than 280,000 university graduates.\nKorea University is a large research institution, notable in South Korean history for being the first educational institution to offer academic programs in Korea in various disciplines, such as law, economics and journalism. It is particularly well known for its College of Law, which is widely considered to be one of the most well-known undergraduate law programs in South Korea. Korea University also has auxiliary educational facilities such as the Institute of Foreign Language Studies, the Institute for Continuing Education, the Institute of International Education and the Center for Teaching and Learning. There are 115 research institutes, including the Battelle@KU Laboratory, the Ilmin International Relations Institute and the Center for Information Security Technologies.", "Q238407": "Stacy Ann-Marie Keibler (born October 14, 1979) is an American actress, dancer and model, as well as a former cheerleader and retired professional wrestler, specifically known for her work with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).\nKeibler was a contestant on Dancing with the Stars: season two, where she placed third. She has also appeared on other ABC series such as What About Brian, George Lopez, and October Road, as well as the 100th episode of the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother as a bartender and on the USA Network show Psych. Keibler has also modeled, appearing in both Maxim and Stuff magazines.Keibler began her professional wrestling career as a part of the Nitro Girls in WCW. She quickly moved on to a more prominent role in the company as the manager Miss Hancock. As Miss Hancock, Keibler was known for doing table dances, her relationship with David Flair, and a pregnancy angle. After WCW was purchased by the WWF (later WWE) in 2001, Keibler moved to the new company, using her real name and taking part in the Invasion storyline, also managing the Dudley Boyz. Keibler also managed Test and Scott Steiner. Before her departure from WWE in 2006, she was affiliated with The Hurricane and Rosey and nicknamed \"Super Stacy.\"Keibler is considered to be a sex symbol and is known for her unusually long legs. She has been known as both \"The Legs of WCW\" and \"The Legs of WWE\". During Keibler's time on Dancing with the Stars, judge Bruno Tonioli nicknamed her \"The Weapon of Mass Seduction\" because of her long legs.\n\n", "Q1803720": "Peter Asher, CBE (born 22 June 1944) is a British guitarist, singer, manager and record producer. He came to prominence in the 1960s as a member of the pop music vocal duo Peter and Gordon before going on to a successful career as a manager and record producer. As of 2018, he tours alongside Jeremy Clyde of Chad and Jeremy in a new duo entitled Peter and Jeremy, where they perform hits from both of their respective catalogues. In 2019, Asher published a book The Beatles from A to Zed about his personal reminiscences about the band.", "Q71737": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Pob\u00f3g-Malinowski (1899\u20131962) was a Polish soldier, historian and journalist. An officer of the Polish Army, he is best known as a historian and author of numerous books on modern history of Poland. His most notable work is the Modern political history of Poland published in 1956 in London. Although blacklisted by the censorship in Communist-controlled Poland, the book was clandestinely published and re-edited in Poland several times.\nW\u0142adys\u0142aw Pob\u00f3g-Malinowski was born November 23, 1899 in Arkhangelsk in Imperial Russia, to a family of szlachta descent (Pob\u00f3g being the name of his family's coat of arms, traditionally attached to one's surname in Poland). During the Great War he reached Poland and joined the Polish Army soon after it had been formed in 1918, following Poland's restoration of independence. He took part in the Polish-Bolshevist War of 1920. After the war he remained in the army and served in the 21st Field Artillery Regiment (Krak\u00f3w, 1923), the headquarters of the Krak\u00f3w-based 5th Corps District Command (1924) and the 12th Field Artillery Regiment (1928, Z\u0142ocz\u00f3w). During his military service he also graduated from the Jagiellonian University (faculties of Polish studies and political science).\nIn 1929 he was attached to the Warsaw-based Military Historical Bureau. Among the best-known works he co-authored and edited was a 10-volume edition of selected works of J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, Poland's chief of state and military leader. Pob\u00f3g-Malinowski retired from the army in 1931 (officially discharged with honours on October 1, 1932) and started working at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Following the outbreak of World War II he settled in London. In 1944 he once again became a Polish diplomat and was posted to Paris. During his stay there he briefly headed the Polish-language section of the Radiodiffusion fran\u00e7aise.\nAfter the war he remained in exile. He continued his work on books on modern history of Poland, from the partitions of Poland to the post-war period. Apart from the highly popular Political history of Poland, he also authored a monograph on Polish National Democrats in the period between 1887 and 1918, a monograph on the Bezdany raid, as well as started a monumental 6-volume biography of J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski (only two volumes were published). He died November 21, 1962 in Geneva. After 1989 a yearly prize for \"best historical debut work\" was set up in his honour by the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Institute of National Remembrance.", "Q69178": "Luise Rinser (30 April 1911 \u2013 17 March 2002) was a German writer, best known for her novels and short stories.", "Q38337": "Alexandre Dumas (UK: , US: ; French: [al\u025bks\u0251\u0303d\u0281 dyma]; born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie [dyma davi d\u0259 la paj\u0259t\u0281i]; 24 July 1802 \u2013 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas p\u00e8re (French for 'father'), was a French writer. His works have been translated into many languages, and he is one of the most widely read French authors. Many of his historical novels of high adventure were originally published as serials, including The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After, and The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later. His novels have been adapted since the early twentieth century into nearly 200 films.\nProlific in several genres, Dumas began his career by writing plays, which were successfully produced from the first. He also wrote numerous magazine articles and travel books; his published works totalled 100,000 pages. In the 1840s, Dumas founded the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Historique in Paris.\nHis father, General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie, was born in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti) to Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, a French nobleman, and Marie-Cessette Dumas, a black slave. At age 14 Thomas-Alexandre was taken by his father to France, where he was educated in a military academy and entered the military for what became an illustrious career.\nDumas's father's aristocratic rank helped young Alexandre acquire work with Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans, then as a writer, finding early success. Decades later, after the election of Louis-Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte in 1851, Dumas fell from favour and left France for Belgium, where he stayed for several years, then moved to Russia for a few years before going to Italy. In 1861, he founded and published the newspaper L'Ind\u00e9pendent, which supported Italian unification, before returning to Paris in 1864.\nThough married, in the tradition of Frenchmen of higher social class, Dumas had numerous affairs (allegedly as many as forty). In his lifetime, he was known to have at least four illegitimate children, although twentieth-century scholars found that Dumas fathered three other children out of wedlock. He acknowledged and assisted his son, Alexandre Dumas, to become a successful novelist and playwright. They are known as Alexandre Dumas p\u00e8re ('father') and Alexandre Dumas fils ('son'). Among his affairs, in 1866, Dumas had one with Adah Isaacs Menken, an American actress then less than half his age and at the height of her career.\nThe English playwright Watts Phillips, who knew Dumas in his later life, described him as \"the most generous, large-hearted being in the world. He also was the most delightfully amusing and egotistical creature on the face of the earth. His tongue was like a windmill \u2013 once set in motion, you never knew when he would stop, especially if the theme was himself.\"", "Q2532342": "Pedro Joaqu\u00edn Coldwell (born August 5, 1950 in Cozumel, Quintana Roo) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).", "Q57928": "Annette Schavan (born 10 June 1955) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). She was the Federal Minister of Education and Research in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2005 to 2013, when she resigned following the revocation of her doctorate due to plagiarism. From 2014 until 2018 she served as the German Ambassador to the Holy See. From April 2018, she also briefly served as first German Ambassador to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.Throughout her political career, Schavan was widely known to be a friend and a confidante of Merkel\u2019s.", "Q613313": "Vittorio Foa (18 September 1910 \u2013 20 October 2008) was an Italian politician, trade unionist, journalist and writer.\n\n", "Q508953": "Sir Arthur Edward Drummond Bliss (2 August 1891 \u2013 27 March 1975) was an English composer and conductor.\nBliss's musical training was cut short by the First World War, in which he served with distinction in the army. In the post-war years he quickly became known as an unconventional and modernist composer, but within the decade he began to display a more traditional and romantic side in his music. In the 1920s and 1930s he composed extensively not only for the concert hall, but also for films and ballet.\nIn the Second World War, Bliss returned to England from the US to work for the BBC and became its director of music. After the war he resumed his work as a composer, and was appointed Master of the Queen's Music.\nIn Bliss's later years, his work was respected but was thought old-fashioned, and it was eclipsed by the music of younger colleagues such as William Walton and Benjamin Britten. Since his death, his compositions have been well represented in recordings, and many of his better-known works remain in the repertoire of British orchestras.", "Q125388": "Jakob B\u00fchrer (November 8, 1882 \u2013 November 22, 1975) was a Swiss journalist and writer.\nIn his work B\u00fchrer focuses on victims of social processes such as the economic crisis of the 1930s in Switzerland. The unfinished trilogy Im roten Feld (1938, 1944 and 1951) is considered as B\u00fchrer\u2032s literary masterpiece; it tells Swiss literary history during the French Revolution. He also wrote for social democratic periodicals such as the Rote Revue.\nPart of his literary estate is archived in the Swiss Literary Archives\n\n", "Q302943": "Aaron Zigman is a classically-trained American composer, producer, arranger, songwriter, and musician who has scored music for films including The Notebook, The Company Men, Bridge to Terabithia, John Q., The Proposal, Flicka, For Colored Girls, Flash of Genius, Sex & the City, Alpha Dog, and Escape from Planet Earth. He has also written, arranged and produced over 50 hit albums, and co-written songs with legendary and contemporary artists including Quincy Jones, Christina Aguilera, Phil Collins, Was (Not Was), John Legend, Dione Warwick, Ray Charles, Natalie Cole, Aretha Franklin, Tina Turner, and Seal.", "Q3752733": "Brigadier-General Sir Frederick Gordon Guggisberg, (20 July 1869 \u2013 21 April 1930) was a senior Canadian-born British Army officer and British Empire colonial administrator. He published a number of works on military topics and Africa.", "Q332658": "Absolution is a 1978 British thriller film directed by Anthony Page and written by playwright Anthony Shaffer. The film stars Richard Burton as a priest who teaches at a boys' school and finds one of his favourite students is playing a nasty practical joke on him. He sets out to investigate the prank and stumbles upon a dead body, leading to his life spiralling out of control.\n\n", "Q31475": "Edmund Sharpe (31 October 1809 \u2013 8 May 1877) was an English architect, architectural historian, railway engineer, and sanitary reformer. Born in Knutsford, Cheshire, he was educated first by his parents and then at schools locally and in Runcorn, Greenwich and Sedbergh. Following his graduation from Cambridge University he was awarded a travelling scholarship, enabling him to study architecture in Germany and southern France. In 1835 he established an architectural practice in Lancaster, initially working on his own. In 1845 he entered into partnership with Edward Paley, one of his pupils. Sharpe's main focus was on churches, and he was a pioneer in the use of terracotta as a structural material in church building, designing what were known as \"pot\" churches, the first of which was St Stephen and All Martyrs' Church, Lever Bridge.\nHe also designed secular buildings, including residential buildings and schools, and worked on the development of railways in north-west England, designing bridges and planning new lines. In 1851 he resigned from his architectural practice, and in 1856 he moved from Lancaster, spending the remainder of his career mainly as a railway engineer, first in North Wales, then in Switzerland and southern France. Sharpe returned to England in 1866 to live in Scotforth near Lancaster, where he designed a final church near to his home.\nWhile working in his architectural practice, Sharpe was involved in Lancaster's civic affairs. He was an elected town councillor and served as mayor in 1848\u201349. Concerned about the town's poor water supply and sanitation, he championed the construction of new sewers and a waterworks. He was a talented musician, and took part in the artistic, literary, and scientific activities in the town. Also an accomplished sportsman, he took an active interest in archery, rowing and cricket.\nSharpe achieved national recognition as an architectural historian. He published books of detailed architectural drawings, wrote a number of articles on architecture, devised a scheme for the classification of English Gothic architectural styles, and in 1875 was awarded the Royal Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects. He was critical of much of the restoration of medieval churches that had become a major occupation of contemporary architects. Towards the end of his career Sharpe organised expeditions to study and draw buildings in England and France. While on such an expedition to Italy in 1877, he was taken ill and died. His body was taken to Lancaster, where he was buried. Sharpe's legacy consists of about 40 extant churches; railway features, including the Conwy Valley Line and bridges on what is now the Lancashire section of the West Coast Main Line; and his archive of architectural books, articles and drawings.", "Q78713": "Ferdinand Karl Pi\u00ebch (German pronunciation: [\u02c8pi\u02d0.\u025b\u00e7]; 17 April 1937 \u2013 25 August 2019) was an Austrian business magnate, engineer and executive who was the chairman of the executive board (Vorstandsvorsitzender) of Volkswagen Group in 1993\u20132002 and the chairman of the supervisory board (Aufsichtsratsvorsitzender) of Volkswagen Group in 2002\u20132015.A grandson of Ferdinand Porsche, Pi\u00ebch started his career at Porsche, before leaving for Audi after an agreement that no member of the Porsche or Pi\u00ebch families should be involved in the day-to-day operations of the Porsche company. Pi\u00ebch eventually became the head of Audi, where he is credited with evolving and growing Audi into a competitor to equal Mercedes-Benz and BMW, thanks in part to innovative designs such as the Quattro and 100. In 1993, Pi\u00ebch became the chairman and CEO of Volkswagen Group, which he is credited with turning into the large conglomerate it is today; He oversaw the purchase of Lamborghini and Bentley, as well as \nthe founding of Bugatti Automobiles, all of which he integrated with the Volkswagen, \u0160koda, SEAT and Audi brands into a ladder-type structure similar to that used by Alfred Sloan at General Motors. Pi\u00ebch was required to retire at age 65 per Volkswagen company policy, but he remained on its supervisory board and was involved in the company's strategic decisions until his resignation on 25 April 2015.Educated as an engineer, Pi\u00ebch influenced the development of numerous significant cars including the Porsche 911, Audi Quattro and notably, the Bugatti Veyron, which as of 2012 was the fastest, most powerful and most expensive road legal automobile ever built. Due to his influence on the automobile industry, Pi\u00ebch was named the Car Executive of the Century in 1999 and was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 2014.", "Q363371": "Igor Fedorovich \"Yegor\" Letov (Russian: \u0418\u0301\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0415\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440) \u041b\u0435\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432 [\u02c8i\u0261\u0259r\u02b2 \u02c8f\u02b2\u0275d\u0259r\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 j\u026a\u02c8\u0261or \u02c8l\u02b2\u025bt\u0259f]; 10 September 1964 \u2013 19 February 2008) was a Russian poet, musician, singer-songwriter, audio engineer and conceptual art painter, best known as the founder and leader of the post-punk/psychedelic rock band Grazhdanskaya Oborona (Russian: \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430, lit. 'Civil Defense'). He was also the founder of the conceptual art avant-garde project Kommunizm and psychedelic rock outfit Egor i Opizdenevshie. Letov collaborated with singer-songwriter Yanka Dyagileva and other Siberian underground artists as a record engineer and producer.", "Q1002254": "Wacky Races is an American animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. The series features 11 different cars racing against each other in various road rallies throughout North America, with each driver hoping to win the title of the \"World's Wackiest Racer\".The cartoon had many regular characters, with 23 people and animals spread among the 11 race cars. Wacky Races ran on CBS from September 14, 1968, to January 4, 1969, and in syndication from 1976 to 1982. Seventeen 20-minute episodes were produced, with each of them featuring two 10-minute segments.\nIn 2017, the series was revived with a reboot, airing on Boomerang.", "Q269890": "Donald Jay Rickles (May 8, 1926 \u2013 April 6, 2017) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, and author, known especially for his insult comedy. His film roles included Run Silent, Run Deep (1958) with Clark Gable and Kelly's Heroes (1970) with Clint Eastwood, and beginning in 1976 he enjoyed a two-year run starring in the NBC television sitcom C.P.O. Sharkey.\nA headline performer at Las Vegas hotel-casinos and peripheral member of the Rat Pack via friendship with Frank Sinatra, Rickles received widespread exposure as a frequent guest on talk and variety shows, including The Dean Martin Show, The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and Late Show with David Letterman, and later voicing Mr. Potato Head in the Toy Story franchise. He won a Primetime Emmy Award for the 2007 documentary Mr. Warmth: The Don Rickles Project.", "Q2004375": "Uttaran (English: Discarded / Hindi: \u0909\u0924\u0930\u0928) is an Indian soap opera that aired on Colors TV on weeknights from 1 December 2008 to 16 January 2015.The show has three generation leaps which starred Sparsh Khanchandani and Ishita Panchal as Child Protagonist, then the show took 10 years leap and starred Tina Datta, Rashami Desai, Nandish Sandhu, Rohit Khurana and Gaurav Chopra in lead roles, then the show took another 18 year leap and starred Tina Datta, Sreejita De, Mrunal Jain, Saurabh Raj Jain, Ajay Chaudhary and Gaurav S Bajaj in lead roles.It is one of the longest television series by episode count. It is the third longest-running Indian television series of Colors TV. The series was dubbed into Tamil as Sindhu Bhairavi on Raj TV and in Malayalam as Valsalyam on Surya TV. The series was re-made in Tamil as Oviya on Colors Tamil. The series was also dubbed into English as True Love on Glow Tv.\n\n", "Q67633": "Hans Erasmus A\u00dfmann, Freiherr von Abschatz (4 February 1646 \u2013 22 April 1699) was a German statesman and poet from the second Silesian school.", "Q73646": "Thorstein Bunde Veblen (30 July 1857 \u2013 3 August 1929) was an American economist and sociologist, who during his lifetime emerged as a well-known critic of capitalism. \nIn his best-known book, The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), Veblen coined the concept of conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure. Historians of economics regard Veblen as the founding father of the institutional economics school. Contemporary economists still theorize Veblen's distinction between \"institutions\" and \"technology\", known as the Veblenian dichotomy.\nAs a leading intellectual of the Progressive Era in the United States of America, Veblen attacked production for profit. His emphasis on conspicuous consumption greatly influenced economists who engaged in non-Marxist critiques of capitalism and of technological determinism.", "Q88392": "Richard Steidle (20 September 1881 in Merano, South Tyrol \u2013 30 August 1940 in Buchenwald concentration camp) was an Austrian lawyer and the leader of the paramilitary Heimwehr in Tyrol. He was a leading representative of the pro-independence tendency on the far right of Austrian politics and as such was opposed to the Nazi Party which supported the incorporation of Austria into a Gro\u00dfdeutschland.\n\n", "Q214853": "Johannes Ronge (16 October 1813 \u2013 26 October 1887) was the principal founder of the New Catholics. A Roman Catholic priest from the region of Upper Silesia in Prussia, he was suspended from the priesthood for his criticisms of the church, and went on to help found and promote the New Catholic movement. When the movement split, he led the more liberal wing, which became known as the German Catholics. Following his involvement in the political struggles of 1848 he went into exile in England, where he and his wife Bertha Ronge established a kindergarten in Manchester and then Leeds. He returned to Prussia in 1861 following an amnesty, and made efforts to revive the German Catholic movement and to combat antisemitism.\n\n", "Q62993": "Hans Kammler (26 August 1901 \u2013 9 May 1945) was a German civil engineer and SS commander during the Nazi era. He oversaw SS construction projects and towards the end of World War II was put in charge of the V-2 missile and jet programmes.\n\n", "Q192442": "Nikolay Mikhaylovich Przhevalsky (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0440\u0436\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; Polish: Niko\u0142aj Michaj\u0142owicz Przewalski; April 12 [O.S. March 31] 1839 \u2013 November 1 [O.S. October 20] 1888) was a Russian geographer of Polish-Russian origin and a renowned explorer of Central and East Asia. Although he never reached his ultimate goal, the holy city of Lhasa in Tibet, he traveled through regions then unknown to the West, such as northern Tibet (modern Tibet Autonomous Region), Amdo (now Qinghai) and Dzungaria (now northern Xinjiang). He contributed significantly to European knowledge of Central Asian geography. He also described several species previously unknown to European science: Przewalski's horse, Przewalski's gazelle, and the Wild Bactrian camel, all of which are now endangered.\n\n", "Q959159": "James Leland Walters Jr. (born June 13, 1969) is an American actor and singer, best known for his roles on Beverly Hills, 90210 and The Heights and his number one single \"How Do You Talk to an Angel\".", "Q321142": "Jean-Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois Guillot-Duhamel (1730\u20131816) was a French engineer.", "Q225456": "Dirk Alan Shafer (November 7, 1962 \u2013 March 5, 2015) was an American model, actor, screenwriter and director. Born in Carbondale, Illinois, he was most noted in the modeling world for having been Playgirl magazine's 1992 \"Man of the Year\". Shafer related that he did Playgirl for \"validation\" as a model because he never believed himself to be attractive. Shafer wrote, directed and starred in Man of the Year, a 1995 mockumentary about his time as a semi-closeted gay man in the role of a heterosexual sex symbol. Shafer's next directorial project was Circuit, a fictional look at the world of gay male circuit parties.As of 2008 Shafer was working as a fitness trainer and certified Pilates instructor. In 2012, Shafer returned to the pages of Playgirl for a 20th anniversary photo spread in the August issue.Shafer was found dead in a vehicle near his home in West Hollywood, California on March 5, 2015. Initial reports indicated he might have suffered a heart attack. Following an autopsy, however, the Los Angeles County Coroner's office determined Shafer's death was the result of \"methamphetamine and cocaine toxicity\", with hypertensive cardiovascular disease possibly being a contributing factor.Shafer was buried at Hollywood Forever Cemetery.", "Q401963": "Ahmet Emuukha Rodan Zappa (born May 15, 1974) is an American musician and writer, and executor of the Zappa Family Trust.", "Q235645": "Fabienne Demal (born 15 February 1968), better known by her stage name Axelle Red, is a Belgian singer-songwriter. She has released 11 albums, including Sans plus attendre, \u00c0 T\u00e2tons, Toujours Moi and Jardin Secret; she is best known for her 1993 \"Sensualit\u00e9\" single which became a successful hit in France in 1994.", "Q14805": "Kaufbeuren (German pronunciation: [ka\u028af\u02c8b\u0254\u028f\u0281\u0259n]) is an independent town in the Regierungsbezirk of Swabia, Bavaria. The town is completely enclaved within the district of Ostallg\u00e4u.\n\n", "Q179385": "Greenwich ( (listen) GREN-itch, GRIN-ij, GRIN-itch, or GREN-ij) is an area of South East London, England, centred 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east-southeast of Charing Cross. It is within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to which it lends its name. Historically it was in the county of Kent for hundreds of years, then the County of London from 1889 to 1965.\nGreenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many Tudors, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was demolished to be replaced by the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors, designed by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained a military education establishment until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance.\nThe town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle (1717) established on Maze Hill, next to the park. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century, with the siting of the Cutty Sark and Gipsy Moth IV next to the river front, and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934.", "Q75237": "Ferdinand Jacob Lindheimer (May 21, 1801 \u2013 December 2, 1879) was a German Texan botanist who spent his working life on the American frontier. In 1936, Recorded Texas Historic Landmark number 1590 was placed on Lindheimer's grave.\n\n", "Q1031846": "Can Bartu (31 January 1936 \u2013 11 April 2019) was a Turkish basketball and football player. After retirement, he also worked as a pundit and sports journalist.", "Q275261": "Rasheeda W. Buckner-Frost (born May 25, 1976), known professionally as Rasheeda (often stylized RaSheeda), is an American rapper, fashion designer, television personality and businesswoman.", "Q366209": "The Reverend Dr Robert Stirling (25 October 1790 \u2013 6 June 1878) was a Scottish clergyman and engineer. He invented the Stirling engine and was in 2014 inducted into the Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q503806": "Peter Checkland (born 18 December 1930, in Birmingham, UK) is a British management scientist and emeritus professor of systems at Lancaster University. He is the developer of soft systems methodology (SSM): a methodology based on a way of systems thinking systems practice. Systems practice is the idea that real-world problems could be improved with solutions that were both systematically desirable and culturally feasible. In an important way his work preceded data science and change management disciplines in the next century.", "Q65024": "Beinwil (Freiamt) is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q4407711": "The Saint Petersburg Institute of History (N. P. Lihachov Mansion) is a research institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of Russian and foreign history. It is part of the Department of Historical and Philological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences.", "Q88386": "Else Rambausek (married name Else Rambausek-Salzer; 2 December 1907 in Purkersdorf, Austria \u2013 14 August 1994 in Vienna, Austria) was an Austrian actress and singer.", "Q562220": "Sitor Situmorang (2 October 1923 \u2013 21 December 2014) was an Indonesian poet, essayist and writer of short stories. Situmorang was born in Harianboho, North Sumatra, and educated in Jakarta. He worked as a journalist and literary critic in Medan, Yogyakarta and Jakarta for a variety of newspapers and periodicals.Sitor was considered by Dutch scholar and critic of Indonesian literature A. Teeuw to be Indonesia's preeminent poet from Angkatan '45 (The Generation of '45) after the decease of Chairil Anwar. \"His views were deeply influenced by French existentialism of the early fifties, and his poetic forms, as pointed by Subagio, display remarkable similarities with French symbolism (Subagio Sastrowardojo 1976).\" \nDespite the European influence he is still deeply rooted in his Batak culture.", "Q63441": "Joachim Mrugowsky (15 August 1905 in Rathenow, Brandenburg \u2013 2 June 1948 in Landsberg Prison, Landsberg am Lech) was a German hygienist. He was Associate Professor, Medical Doctorate, Chief of Hygiene Institute of the Waffen-SS, Senior Hygienist at the Reich, SS-Physician, SS and Waffen-SS Colonel. He was found guilty of war crimes following the war in the Doctors' Trial and executed in 1948.", "Q2085119": "Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992. It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company, in this case being Interscope Records.\nNothing Records went largely defunct in 2004 after a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm. The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases; the 2007 Beside You in Time video was the label's final release.", "Q1701260": "John Roberts Opel (January 5, 1925, in Kansas City, Missouri \u2013 November 3, 2011, in Fort Myers, Florida) was a U.S. computer businessman. He served eleven years as the President of IBM between 1974 and 1985. He was the chief operating officer (CEO) of IBM from 1981 to 1985, and the Chairman of the board of directors from 1983 to 1986.", "Q106545": "Lucy Redler (born August 17, 1979 in Hann. M\u00fcnden, Lower Saxony) is a German politician, Socialist Alternative activist, and member of the Left Party. From 2005 to 2007 Redler served on the executive committee of the Berlin section of the Labor and Social Justice List (WASG), and she was its chief candidate in the 2006 Berlin state elections. The German media has given Redler the nickname \"Red Lucy\".", "Q223033": "Sean Patrick Hayes (born June 26, 1970) is an American actor, comedian, singer and producer. He is known for his role as Jack McFarland on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace, for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award, four SAG Awards, and one American Comedy Award, and earned six Golden Globe nominations. He also runs a television production company called Hazy Mills Productions, which produces shows such as Grimm, Hot in Cleveland, The Soul Man, and Hollywood Game Night.\nHe is known for his film work in movies such as Billy's Hollywood Screen Kiss, Cats & Dogs, Pieces of April, The Cat in the Hat, Win a Date with Tad Hamilton!, The Bucket List, & The Three Stooges.\nHe is also known for his work on Broadway such as An Act of God and Promises, Promises, where he played Chuck Baxter and received a nomination for Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical. He hosted the 64th Tony Awards, for which he was awarded a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program.", "Q107883": "Elsa Bernstein (n\u00e9e Porges; pseudonym: Ernst Rosmer; 28 October 1866 \u2013 2 July 1949) was an Austrian-German writer and dramatist of Jewish descent.", "Q65030": "Maximilian Maria Carl Joseph Gabriel Lamoral, 7th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, full German name: Maximilian Maria Carl Joseph Gabriel Lamoral F\u00fcrst von Thurn und Taxis (24 June 1862, Schloss Taxis, Dischingen, Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg \u2013 2 June 1885, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany) was the seventh Prince of Thurn and Taxis and Head of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis from 10 November 1871 until his death on 2 June 1885.", "Q2560376": "Sir John McClelland (1805\u20131883) was a British medical doctor with interests in geology and biology, who worked for the East India Company.\nIn 1835 he was sent on a mission (Tea Committee) to identify if tea could be grown in north-eastern India along with Nathaniel Wallich and William Griffith. This mission ran into troubles with the members of the group.\nMcClelland was appointed 1836 as the secretary of the \"Coal Committee\", the forerunner of the Geological Survey of India (GSI), formed to explore possibilities to exploit Indian coal. He was the first to propose hiring professional geologists for the task. He was also involved in surveys of forests and his reports led to the establishment of the Forest Department in India.\nHe also served as an interim superintendent of the Calcutta Botanical Garden from 1846 to 1847 and was editor of the Calcutta Journal of Natural History from 1841\u20131847. McClelland is commemorated in the name of the mountain bulbul, Ixos mcclellandii. In his work as an ichthyologist he described many species and several genera of fish, among them Schistura.\nA species of venomous snake, Sinomicrurus macclellandi, is named in his honor.", "Q538884": "Mircea Dinescu (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8mirt\u0361\u0283e\u032fa di\u02c8nesku]; born November 11, 1950) is a Romanian poet, journalist and editor.\n\n", "Q112530": "Fritz Schulz (25 April 1896 \u2013 9 May 1972) was a German and Austrian movie and stage actor, singer and director.\nBorn in Karlovy Vary (Karlsbad), Austria-Hungary, he appeared in almost one hundred movies between 1917 and 1970. Of Jewish extraction, Schultz fled the German film industry in Berlin at the onset of Nazism in 1933 and moved to Vienna to act in and direct independent Austrian film productions. He departed Austria as an exile upon the German Anschluss in 1938 and settled in Switzerland where he concentrated on his stage career until his death in Z\u00fcrich in 1972.\nHe was married to actress \u00c1gnes Esterh\u00e1zy from 1910 until her death in 1956.", "Q3099619": "Sir Gawaine George Hope Baillie, 7th Baronet (8 March 1934 \u2013 21 December 2003) was a British amateur motor racing driver, engineer, industrialist, stamp collector, and the owner of the estate surrounding Leeds Castle, the ancient fortress in Kent. The castle itself was bequeathed to the nation upon his mother's death in 1974. After his death, it was discovered that he had amassed, almost entirely in secret, one of the greatest collections of stamps of the former British Empire.", "Q186423": "Joseph Rankin (September 25, 1833 \u2013 January 24, 1886) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.\nBorn in Passaic, New Jersey, Rankin pursued an academic course.\nHe moved to Mishicot, Wisconsin, in 1854 and engaged in mercantile pursuits.\nHe served as member of the county board in 1859.\nHe served as member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1860.\nDuring the Civil War Rankin enlisted in the Union Army in 1862 and was chosen captain of Company D, 26th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment.\nAfter the war he settled in Manitowoc, Wisconsin.\nHe was city clerk of Manitowoc from 1866 till 1871.\nHe was again a member of the State Assembly 1871-1874. Rankin then served in the Wisconsin State Senate from 1877-1882.Rankin was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1883, until his death in Washington, D.C., January 24, 1886.\nHe was interred in Evergreen Cemetery, Manitowoc, Wisconsin.", "Q981526": "Y\u016bne Sugihara (Japanese: \u6749\u539f \u6709\u97f3, Hepburn: Sugihara Y\u016bne), born Yasuhiro Sugihara (\u6749\u539f \u5eb7\u5f18, Sugihara Yasuhiro, on July 8, 1969 in Hadano, Kanagawa, Japan), better known exclusively by his stage name Sugizo, is a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter, composer, record producer, actor, writer, and activist. He is best known as the lead guitarist and violinist of the rock band Luna Sea since 1989.\nSugizo started his solo career in 1997 and has since collaborated with a variety of different artists. In 2007 he became a member of the international trance/world music act Juno Reactor, and of the Japanese rock supergroup S.K.I.N., and in 2009 officially joined the heavy metal band X Japan. He was also part of the psychedelic jam band Shag and the shamanic electronica unit S.T.K (Sensual Technology Kooks).In addition to being known for experimenting with many musical genres, mostly rock, psychedelic and electronica, he is known for his political views and for being an anti-war, anti-nuclear and environmental activist.", "Q181": "Jimmy Donal \"Jimbo\" Wales (born August 7, 1966) is an American-British Internet entrepreneur. He is a co-founder of the online non-profit encyclopedia Wikipedia and the for-profit web hosting company Wikia.Wales was born in Huntsville, Alabama, where he attended Randolph School, a university-preparatory school. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees in finance from Auburn University and the University of Alabama respectively. In graduate school, Wales taught at two universities; however, he departed before completing a PhD to take a job in finance and later worked as the research director of a Chicago futures and options firm. \nIn 1996, he and two partners founded Bomis, a web portal featuring entertainment and adult content. Bomis provided the initial funding for the free peer-reviewed encyclopedia, Nupedia (2000\u20132003), and its successor, Wikipedia. On January 15, 2001, with Larry Sanger and others, Wales launched Wikipedia\u2014a free, open-content encyclopedia that enjoyed rapid growth and popularity. As Wikipedia's public profile grew, he became its promoter and spokesman. Though he is historically credited as co-founder, he has disputed this, declaring himself the sole founder.Wales serves on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, the charity that he helped establish to operate Wikipedia, holding its board-appointed \"community founder\" seat. For his role in creating Wikipedia, which has become the world's largest encyclopedia, in 2006 Time named him one of \"The 100 Most Influential People in the World\".", "Q1765094": "Theodore Stephen \"Ted\" Kord is the second Blue Beetle, an occasionally dead superhero who was originally published by Charlton Comics and later picked up by DC Comics. This version of the character was created by Steve Ditko and first appeared as a back-up feature in Captain Atom #83 (November 1966), with Gary Friedrich scripting from Ditko's conception and plot.", "Q78061": "Friedrich August Raschig (also called Fritz Raschig) (8 June 1863 \u2013 4 February 1928) was a German chemist and politician. He was born in Brandenburg an der Havel. After he received his PhD in 1884 from the University of Berlin for his work with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, he started working at the BASF company. In 1891 he opened his own chemical company in Ludwigshafen am Rhein (which still operates today as Raschig GmbH). He patented a number of chemical processes, particularly relating to phenols, one of which is now known as the Raschig phenol process, and nitrogen compounds\u2014the Raschig process for producing hydroxylamine and the Olin Raschig process for producing hydrazine. He also developed improvements to distillation, in particular the Raschig ring, small metal or ceramic rings which are used in commercial fractional distillation columns.\n\n", "Q154203": "Gustav Albert Lortzing (23 October 1801 \u2013 21 January 1851) was a German composer, actor and singer. He is considered to be the main representative of the German Spieloper, a form similar to the French op\u00e9ra comique, which grew out of the Singspiel.", "Q180734": "Endre K\u00e1lm\u00e1n Bajcsy-Zsilinszky (Szarvas, June 6, 1886 \u2013 Sopronk\u0151hida, December 24, 1944), was an influential Hungarian politician and an important voice in the struggle against German expansion and military policy.\n\n", "Q738196": "Masoumeh Ebtekar (Persian: \u0645\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u200e; born Masoumeh, Niloufar Ebtekar; 21 September 1960) is current Vice President of Iran for Women and Family Affairs, being appointed on 9 August 2017. She previously headed Department of Environment from 1997 to 2005, making her the first female member in the cabinet of Iran since 1979 and the third in history. She held the same level of office from 2013 to 2017.\nEbtekar first achieved fame as \"Mary\", the spokeswoman of the \u201cstudents\u201d who took hostages and occupied the US Embassy in 1979. Later she became the head of the Environment Protection Organization of Iran during the administration of President Mohammad Khatami, and was a city councilwoman of Tehran from 2007 to 2013.", "Q613461": "Juan Carlos Rousselot (June 24, 1935 \u2013 July 8, 2010) was an Argentine radio and television personality, newspaper publisher, and former mayor of the Greater Buenos Aires suburb of Mor\u00f3n.", "Q266209": "Source Code is a 2011 American science-fiction action thriller film directed by Duncan Jones and written by Ben Ripley. It stars Jake Gyllenhaal as a U.S. Army captain who is sent into a computed reality to find a bomber. Michelle Monaghan, Vera Farmiga, and Jeffrey Wright play supporting roles. The film had its world premiere on March 11, 2011 at South by Southwest, and was released by Summit Entertainment on April 1, 2011 in North America and Europe.\nThe film received favorable reviews from critics and became a box office success, grossing over $147.3 million worldwide.", "Q162969": "John Sparks (August 30, 1843 \u2013 May 22, 1908) was an American politician. He was the tenth Governor of Nevada, and was nicknamed Honest John. Like his predecessor, Reinhold Sadler, Sparks was a cattleman and his rise to political power was evidence of the decline of the mining industry and the rise of the ranching industry in Nevada. He was a member of the Silver \u2013 Democratic Party. In 1958, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.", "Q102045": "Volker Vogeler (27 June 1930 \u2013 16 April 2005) was a German film director and screenwriter. He directed 13 films between 1967 and 2000. His 1971 film Jaider, der einsame J\u00e4ger was entered into the 21st Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q261566": "Nicolas Jaar (born January 10, 1990) is a Chilean-American composer and recording artist based in New York. Among his notable works are the albums Space Is Only Noise (2011), Pomegranates (2015) and Sirens (2016). He is known in the club world for his various dance 12\" EPs he put out from 2008 to 2011. Since his first album, he has embarked on more explorative directions, performing a five-hour improvisational concert at PS1 and releasing a large volume of experimental recordings through his label, Other People, including works by like-minded artists Lydia Lunch, William Basinski, and Lucretia Dalt. In 2015, he scored Jacques Audiard's Dheepan (winner of the Palme d'Or at Cannes 2015).Jaar is also half of the band Darkside (Psychic, 2013). In 2018, he released an album under the alias A.A.L. (Against All Logic) called 2012\u20132017, described by Pitchfork as one of the best albums of the year. In 2020, he released another album under the same alias entitled 2017- 2019. It was followed by his third solo album, Cenizas.", "Q707366": "Changuito (born Jos\u00e9 Luis Quintana on January 18, 1948) is a Cuban percussionist.", "Q37776": "Besan\u00e7on (UK: , US: , French: [b\u0259z\u0251\u0303s\u0254\u0303] (listen), Franco-Proven\u00e7al: [b\u0259z\u0251\u0303\u02c8s\u0254\u0303]; archaic German: Bisanz; Latin: Vesontio) is the capital of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9. The city is located in Eastern France, close to the Jura Mountains and the border with Switzerland.\nCapital of the historic and cultural region of Franche-Comt\u00e9, Besan\u00e7on is home to the Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9 regional council headquarters, and is an important administrative centre in the region. It is also the seat of one of the fifteen French ecclesiastical provinces and one of the two divisions of the French Army.\nIn 2016 the city had a population of 120,107, in a metropolitan area of 251,293, the second in the region in terms of population.\nEstablished in a meander of the Doubs river, the city was already important during the Gallo-Roman era under the name of Vesontio, capital of the Sequani. Its geography and specific history turned it into a military stronghold, a garrison city, a political center, and a religious capital.\nBesan\u00e7on is the historical capital of watchmaking in France. This has led it to become a center for innovative companies in the fields of microtechnology, micromechanics, and biomedical engineering. The University of Franche-Comt\u00e9, founded in 1423, every year enrolls more than 20,000 students; its Centre for Applied Linguistics enrolls another estimated 4,000 trainees from all over the world.\nThe greenest city in France, it enjoys a quality of life recognized in Europe. Thanks to its rich historical and cultural heritage and its unique architecture, Besan\u00e7on has been labeled a \"Town of Art and History\" since 1986 and its fortifications due to Vauban has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site since 2008.", "Q250963": "Veronica \"Ronnie\" Carrejo-Brazier (born July 19, 1973), better known by her ring name Simply Luscious, is an American professional wrestler best known for her stint in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. Since 2004, she has been performing on the independent circuit.", "Q216936": "Sean John Combs (born November 4, 1969), also known by the stage names Puff Daddy, P. Diddy, Puffy, or Diddy, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, entrepreneur, record executive, and actor. Combs was born in New York City but was raised in Mount Vernon, New York. He worked as a talent director at Uptown Records before founding his own record label, Bad Boy Entertainment, in 1993.\nCombs' debut album, No Way Out (1997), has been certified seven times platinum. No Way Out was followed by successful albums such as Forever (1999), The Saga Continues... (2001), and Press Play (2006). In 2009, Combs formed the musical group Dirty Money and released the critically and commercially successful album Last Train to Paris (2010).\nCombs has won three Grammy Awards and two MTV Video Music Awards, and is the producer of MTV's Making the Band. In 2019, Forbes estimated his net worth at $740 million.", "Q1491": "La Paz (), officially known as Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de La Paz (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8nwest\u027ea se\u02c8\u0272o\u027ea \u00f0e la \u02c8pas]; English: \"Our Lady of Peace\"), also named Chuqi Yapu (Chuquiago) in Aymara, is the seat of government of the Plurinational State of Bolivia. With an estimated 789,541 residents as of 2015, La Paz is the third-most populous city in Bolivia. Its metropolitan area, which is formed by La Paz, El Alto and Viacha, makes up the most populous urban area in Bolivia, with a population of 2.3 million. It is also the capital of the La Paz Department.\nThe city, located in west-central Bolivia 68 km (42 mi) southeast of Lake Titicaca, is set in a canyon created by the Choqueyapu River. It is located in a bowl-like depression surrounded by the high mountains of the Altiplano. Overlooking the city is the towering, triple-peaked Illimani. Its peaks are always snow-covered and can be seen from many parts of the city. At an elevation of roughly 3,650 m (11,975 ft) above sea level, La Paz is the highest capital city in the world. Due to its altitude, La Paz has an unusual subtropical highland climate, with rainy summers and dry winters.\nLa Paz was founded on October 20, 1548 by the Spanish conquistador Captain Alonso de Mendoza at the site of the Inca settlement of Laja as a connecting point between the commercial routes that led from Potos\u00ed and Oruro to Lima; the full name of the city was originally Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de La Paz (meaning Our Lady of Peace) in commemoration of the restoration of peace following the insurrection of Gonzalo Pizarro and fellow conquistadors against the first viceroy of Peru. The city was later moved to its present location in the valley of Chuquiago Marka. La Paz was under Spanish colonial rule as part of the Viceroyalty of the R\u00edo de la Plata, before Bolivia gained independence. Since its founding, the city was the site of numerous revolts. In 1781, the indigenous leader and independence activist T\u00fapac Katari laid siege to the city for a total of six months, but was finally defeated. On July 16, 1809 the Bolivian patriot Pedro Domingo Murillo ignited a revolution for independence, marking the beginning of the Spanish American Wars of Independence, which gained the freedom of South American states in 1821.As the seat of the government of Bolivia, La Paz is the site of the Palacio Quemado, the presidential palace. It is also the seat of the Bolivian legislature, the Plurinational Legislative Assembly, and numerous government departments and agencies. The constitutional capital of Bolivia, Sucre, retains the judicial power. The city hosts all the foreign embassies as well as international missions in the country. La Paz is an important political, administrative, economic, and sports center of Bolivia; it generates 24% of the nation's Gross Domestic Product and serves as the headquarters for numerous Bolivian companies and industries.La Paz is also an important cultural center of Latin America, as it hosts several landmarks belonging to the colonial times, such as the San Francisco Church, the Metropolitan Cathedral, the Plaza Murillo and Ja\u00e9n Street. The city is renowned for its unique markets, particularly the Witches' Market, and for its vibrant nightlife. Its unusual topography offers unique views of the city and the surrounding mountains of the Cordillera Real from numerous natural viewing points. La Paz is also home to the largest urban cable car network in the world. In May 2015, it was officially recognized as one of the New 7 Wonders Cities together with Beirut, Doha, Durban, Havana, Kuala Lumpur and Vigan. La Paz is listed on the Global Cities Index 2015, and is considered a global city type \"Gamma\" by Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC).", "Q233546": "Jessalyn Sarah Gilsig (born November 30, 1971) is a Canadian actress known for her roles in television series, e.g. as Lauren Davis in Boston Public, Gina Russo in Nip/Tuck, Terri Schuester in Glee, and as Siggy Haraldson on the History Channel series Vikings.", "Q44940": "Yuri Sergeyevich Rytkheu (Russian: \u042e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u044b\u0442\u0445\u044d\u0301\u0443, Russian pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u0289r\u02b2\u026a\u026a\u032f s\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8\u0261\u02b2e(\u026a\u032f)\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0361\u0255 r\u0268t\u02c8x\u025b\u028a], Chukchi: \u042e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u044b\u0442\u0433\u044d\u0301\u0432, 8 March 1930 \u2013 14 May 2008) was a Chukchi writer, who wrote in both his native Chukchi and in Russian. He is considered to be the father of Chukchi literature.", "Q106223": "Henriette May n\u00e9e L\u00f6vinson (1862\u20131928) was a German Jewish women's activist and educator. She is remembered, together with Bertha Pappenheim and Sidonie Werner, as a co-founder of Germany's League of Jewish Women in 1904.", "Q641441": "John Lunn (born May 13, 1956) is a Scottish composer, known for his soundtrack work for television. He was formerly a member of \"systems music\" band Man Jumping.", "Q376768": "Adrien Arcand (October 3, 1899 \u2013 August 1, 1967) was a Canadian journalist who led a series of fascist political movements between 1929 and his death in 1967. During his political career, he proclaimed himself the Canadian F\u00fchrer.\nHe was detained by the federal government for the duration of the Second World War under the Defence of Canada Regulations.", "Q109110": "Marked for Death is a 1990 American action film directed by Dwight H. Little. The film stars Steven Seagal as John Hatcher, a former DEA troubleshooter who returns to his Illinois hometown only to find it taken over by a gang of vicious Jamaican drug dealers led by Screwface using a combination of fear and Obeah, a Jamaican syncretic religion of West African and Caribbean origin similar to Haitian vodou and Santer\u00eda as practiced in Jamaica.", "Q427768": "Nikola Bochev Padevsky (Bulgarian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u041f\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438; born May 29, 1933) is a Bulgarian chess Grandmaster.Padevsky was born in Plovdiv, Bulgaria's second largest city. He became Bulgarian National Champion in 1954, going on to win it in 1955, 1962 and 1964 in a play off after which he gained the status of a grandmaster, after initially being awarded International Master in 1957.Padevsky played in the World Student Team Championship six times (every year from 1954 through 1959).\nPlaying first board in 1959 he helped Bulgaria win the team gold medal.\nHe played on the Bulgarian team in eleven Chess Olympiads (every Olympiad from 1956 through 1978 except for 1976),\nplaying first board in his first Olympiad appearance in 1956 and again in 1962 and 1964.Padevsky won the Rubinstein Memorial in Polanica Zdr\u00f3j in 1963 at its inception, and shared first place at the international tournaments Varna 1960 and Varna 1975, and at Athens 1983 (Acropolis International).Padevsky was also a corporate lawyer.\n\n", "Q1061903": "Live Nation Entertainment is an American global entertainment company, founded in 2010, following the merger of Live Nation and Ticketmaster. The company promotes, operates, and manages ticket sales for live entertainment in the United States and internationally. It also owns and operates entertainment venues, and manages the careers of music artists.", "Q25372": "Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance: a play, opera, mime, ballet, etc., performed in a theatre, or on radio or television. Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic mode has been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever since Aristotle's Poetics (c. 335 BC)\u2014the earliest work of dramatic theory.The term \"drama\" comes from a Greek word meaning \"action\" (Classical Greek: \u03b4\u03c1\u1fb6\u03bc\u03b1, drama), which is derived from \"I do\" (Classical Greek: \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c9, drao). The two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy.\nIn English (as was the analogous case in many other European languages), the word play or game (translating the Anglo-Saxon ple\u0121an or Latin ludus) was the standard term for dramas until William Shakespeare's time\u2014just as its creator was a play-maker rather than a dramatist and the building was a play-house rather than a theatre.The use of \"drama\" in a more narrow sense to designate a specific type of play dates from the modern era. \"Drama\" in this sense refers to a play that is neither a comedy nor a tragedy\u2014for example, Zola's Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Raquin (1873) or Chekhov's Ivanov (1887). It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries, along with film studies, adopted to describe \"drama\" as a genre within their respective media. The term \u201dradio drama\u201c has been used in both senses\u2014originally transmitted in a live performance. May also refer to the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio.The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production and a collective form of reception. The structure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this collaborative production and collective reception.Mime is a form of drama where the action of a story is told only through the movement of the body. Drama can be combined with music: the dramatic text in opera is generally sung throughout; as for in some ballets dance \"expresses or imitates emotion, character, and narrative action\". Musicals include both spoken dialogue and songs; and some forms of drama have incidental music or musical accompaniment underscoring the dialogue (melodrama and Japanese N\u014d, for example). Closet drama is a form that is intended to be read, rather than performed. In improvisation, the drama does not pre-exist the moment of performance; performers devise a dramatic script spontaneously before an audience.", "Q949438": "Alfredo Mario Ferreiro (1 March 1899 \u2013 24 June 1959) was a Uruguayan writer and poet.\nHe contributed to the weekly Uruguayan newspaper Marcha.", "Q182123": "Irenaeus (; Greek: \u0395\u1f30\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 Eir\u0113naios; c. 130 \u2013 c. 202 AD) was a Greek bishop noted for his role in guiding and expanding Christian communities in what is now the south of France and, more widely, for the development of Christian theology by combating heresy and defining orthodoxy. Originating from Smyrna, now Izmir in Turkey, he had seen and heard the preaching of Polycarp, the last known living connection with the Apostles, who in turn was said to have heard John the Evangelist.Chosen as bishop of Lugdunum, now Lyon, his best-known work is Against Heresies, often cited as Adversus Haereses, an attack on gnosticism, in particular that of Valentinus. To counter the doctrines of the gnostic sects claiming secret wisdom, he offered three pillars of orthodoxy: the scriptures, the tradition handed down from the apostles, and the teaching of the apostles' successors. Intrinsic to his writing is that the surest source of Christian guidance is the church of Rome, and he is the earliest surviving witness to regard all four of the now-canonical gospels as essential.He is recognized as a saint in the Catholic Church, which celebrates his feast on 28 June, and in the Eastern Orthodox Churches, which celebrates the feast on 23 August.", "Q96806": "Rupert Neudeck (German: [\u02c8n\u0254\u028fd\u025bk]; 14 May 1939 \u2013 31 May 2016) was known for his humanitarian work, especially with refugees. He started his career as a noted correspondent for Deutschlandfunk, a German public broadcaster. Later, he focused on assisting those fleeing conflict. He was noted for his role in assisting thousands of refugees from Vietnam in the late 1970s. Neudeck was a winner of numerous awards, including the Theodor Heuss Medal, the Bruno Kreisky Prize for Services to Human Rights, the Erich Kaestner Award and the Walter Dirks Award, and was co-founder of both the Cap Anamur and Green Helmets humanitarian organizations.", "Q202770": "Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0441\u044b\u0301\u0433\u0438\u043d, tr. Aleksej Nikolajevi\u010d Kosygin, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ks\u02b2ej n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 k\u0250\u02c8s\u0268\u0261\u02b2\u026an]; 21 February [O.S. 8 February] 1904 \u2013 18 December 1980) was a Soviet-Russian statesman during the Cold War. Kosygin was born in the city of Saint Petersburg in 1904 to a Russian working-class family. He was conscripted into the labour army during the Russian Civil War, and after the Red Army's demobilisation in 1921, he worked in Siberia as an industrial manager. Kosygin returned to Leningrad in the early 1930s and worked his way up the Soviet hierarchy. During the Great Patriotic War (World War II), Kosygin was a member of the State Defence Committee and was tasked with moving Soviet industry out of territories soon to be overrun by the German Army. He served as Minister of Finance for a year before becoming Minister of Light Industry (later, Minister of Light Industry and Food). Stalin removed Kosygin from the Politburo one year before his own death in 1953, intentionally weakening Kosygin's position within the Soviet hierarchy.\nStalin died in 1953, and on March 20, 1959, Kosygin was appointed to the position of chairman of the State Planning Committee (Gosplan), a post he would hold for little more than a year. Kosygin next became First Deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers. When Nikita Khrushchev was removed from power in 1964, Kosygin and Leonid Brezhnev succeeded him as Premier and First Secretary respectively. Thereafter, Kosygin formed a troika with Brezhnev and Nikolai Podgorny, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, that governed the Soviet Union in Khrushchev's place.\nDuring the latter half of the 1960s, Kosygin initially emerged as the most prominent figure in the post-Khrushchev troika. In addition to managing the Soviet Union's economy, he assumed a preeminent role in the nation's foreign policy by leading arms control talks with the US and directly overseeing relations with other communist countries. However, the onset of the Prague Spring in 1968 resulted in a severe backlash against his policies that enabled Brezhnev to eclipse him as the dominant figure in the Politburo. While he and Brezhnev disliked one another, he remained in office until being forced to retire on October 23, 1980, due to bad health. He died two months later on December 18, 1980.", "Q503147": "Alisher Burkhanovich Usmanov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0301\u0440 \u0411\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; Uzbek: Alisher Usmonov; born 9 September 1953) is an Uzbek-born Russian oligarch. As reported by Forbes in 2019, Alisher Usmanov has an estimated net worth of $13.0 billion.Usmanov built his wealth through metal and mining operations, and investments, and is the majority shareholder of Metalloinvest, a Russian industrial conglomerate, which consolidated in 2006 JSC Metalloinvest's assets (the Mikhailovsky GOK and the Ural Steel) with those of Gazmetall JSC (the Lebedinsky GOK and the Oskol Electrometallurgical Plant).He owns the Kommersant publishing house. He is also a co\u2011owner of Russia's second-largest mobile telephone operator, MegaFon, and co-owner of the Mail.Ru group, the largest internet company in the Russian-speaking world, which owns stakes in popular web portals like Odnoklassniki, VKontakte and others. Usmanov is the largest investor of Digital Sky Technologies (\"DST\") funds, and holds shares in a number of international technology companies. Usmanov eventually teamed up with Yuri Milner.He is also the president of the FIE, the international governing body of fencing, and he has invested in fencing programs and fencing development around the globe.In February 2008, his Metalloinvest also became sponsor of Dinamo Moscow, a football team in Russia's capital. His Metalloinvest group's name replaced the Xerox Corporation's on its players' shirts as part of the $7 million deal.", "Q127206": "Dominique Labourier (born 29 April 1943) is a French actress. Born in Paris, France, she is best known outside France for starring as Julie in Jacques Rivette's film Celine and Julie Go Boating (C\u00e9line et Julie vont en bateau, 1974). She has appeared in more than 40 films since 1968.", "Q1396300": "Linda Andrews (born 19 October 1973) is a Faroese singer who won the second season of the Danish version of The X Factor, and became the first Faroese winner of it.", "Q1068072": "The University of Delaware (colloquially UD or Delaware) is a public research university located in Newark, Delaware. The University of Delaware is the largest university in Delaware. UD offers three associate's programs, 148 bachelor's programs, 121 master's programs (with 13 joint degrees) and 55 doctoral programs across its eight colleges. The main campus is in Newark, with satellite campuses in Dover, Wilmington, Lewes, and Georgetown. It is considered a large institution with approximately 18,500 undergraduate and 4,500 graduate students. UD is a privately governed university which receives public funding for being a land-grant, sea-grant and space-grant state-supported research institution.UD is classified as a Doctoral University-Very High Research Activity (R1) by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. UD is one of the top 100 public institutions for federal obligations in science and engineering and interdisciplinary initiatives in energy science and policy, the environment, and in human health.UD is recognized with the Community Engagement Classification by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.It is one of only four schools in North America with a major in art conservation. In 1923, UD was the first American university to offer a study-abroad program.The school from which the university grew was founded in 1743, making it one of the oldest in the nation. Its original class of ten students included George Read, Thomas McKean, and James Smith, all three of whom would go on to sign the Declaration of Independence; Read also signed the U.S. Constitution. UD, however, was not chartered as an institution of higher learning until 1833.", "Q8338": "A trumpet is a brass instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles. The trumpet group ranges from the piccolo trumpet with the highest register in the brass family, to the bass trumpet, which is pitched one octave below the standard B-flat or C Trumpet. Trumpet-like instruments have historically been used as signaling devices in battle or hunting, with examples dating back to at least 1500 BC. They began to be used as musical instruments only in the late 14th or early 15th century. Trumpets are used in art music styles, for instance in orchestras, concert bands, and jazz ensembles, as well as in popular music. They are played by blowing air through nearly-closed lips (called the player's embouchure), producing a \"buzzing\" sound that starts a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the instrument. Since the late 15th century they have primarily been constructed of brass tubing, usually bent twice into a rounded rectangular shape.There are many distinct types of trumpet, with the most common being pitched in B\u266d (a transposing instrument), having a tubing length of about 1.48 m (4 ft 10 in). Early trumpets did not provide means to change the length of tubing, whereas modern instruments generally have three (or sometimes four) valves in order to change their pitch. There are eight combinations of three valves, making seven different tubing lengths, with the third valve sometimes used as an alternate fingering equivalent to the 1\u20132 combination. Most trumpets have valves of the piston type, while some have the rotary type. The use of rotary-valved trumpets is more common in orchestral settings (especially in German and German-style orchestras), although this practice varies by country. Each valve, when engaged, increases the length of tubing, lowering the pitch of the instrument. A musician who plays the trumpet is called a trumpet player or trumpeter.", "Q629702": "Leonid Danylovych Kuchma (Ukrainian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0301\u0434 \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0301\u0447\u043c\u0430; born 9 August 1938) is a Ukrainian politician who was the second President of independent Ukraine from 19 July 1994 to 23 January 2005. Kuchma took office after winning the 1994 presidential election against his rival, the incumbent Leonid Kravchuk. Kuchma won re-election for an additional five-year term in 1999.\nAfter a successful career in the machine-building industry of the Soviet Union, Kuchma began his political career in 1990, when he was elected to the Verkhovna Rada (the Ukrainian parliament); he was re-elected in 1994. He served as Ukrainian Prime Minister between October 1992 and September 1993. Kuchma's presidency was surrounded by numerous corruption scandals and the lessening of media freedoms. Corruption accelerated after Kuchma's election in 1994, but in 2000\u20132001, his power began to weaken in the face of exposures in the media. During his leadership, the Ukrainian economy continued to decline until 1999, whereas growth was recorded since 2000, bringing relative prosperity to some segments of urban residents. During his presidency, Ukrainian-Russian ties began to improve.From July 2014 until October 2018, Kuchma was a special presidential representative of Ukraine at the semi-official peace talks regarding the ongoing War in Donbass.", "Q90244": "Harald Vilimsky (born 22 July 1966) is an Austrian politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Austria. He is a member of the Freedom Party of Austria, part of the Europe of Nations and Freedom.\n\n", "Q96635": "Alexis Carl Ernst Louis Ferdinand Eugen Bernhard, Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt (German: Alexis Carl Ernst Louis Ferdinand Eugen Bernhard F\u00fcrst zu Bentheim und Steinfurt; 17 November 1845 \u2013 21 January 1919) was a Lieutenant General, statesman, and the Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt from 28 September 1890 to 21 January 1919.", "Q126118": "Robert Neddermeyer (3 April 1887 in Altona \u2013 18 October 1965 in Potsdam) was a political activist who became a Communist politician.", "Q298896": "Baldwin I (Dutch: Boudewijn; French: Baudouin; July 1172 \u2013 c.\u20091205) was the first emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople; Count of Flanders (as Baldwin IX) from 1194-1205 and Count of Hainaut (as Baldwin VI) from 1195-1205. Baldwin was one of the most prominent leaders of the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the sack of Constantinople in 1204, the conquest of large parts of the Byzantine Empire, and the foundation of the Latin Empire. He lost his final battle to Kaloyan, the emperor of Bulgaria, and spent his last days as his prisoner.", "Q725892": "Xavier Pascal Coste (26 November 1787 - 8 February 1879) was a French architect.", "Q214112": "Werner Otto von Hentig (22 May 1886, Berlin, Germany \u2013 8 August 1984, Lindesnes, Norway) was a German Army Officer, adventurer and diplomat from Berlin. When still only a 25 year old lieutenant he was commissioned by the Kaiser to lead an expedition into the unknown and uncharted territories of Central Asia. The region associated with the political \"Great Game\" had its roots in Victorian rivalries between the local Great Powers: Russia and British India. The small expedition party, travelling in extreme climatic conditions, suffered extraordinary privations with courage and equanimity. Surviving diary accounts of participants on both sides of the Great War bear witness to the unusual camaraderie and esprit de corps summoned by Hentig's outstanding qualities of leadership.\nHentig was the elder brother of the criminal psychologist Hans von Hentig and the father of Hartmut von Hentig. Though critical of the Nazi regime, he served in the Third Reich and intervened at personal risk to save Jews who were in danger, and was instrumental in arranging for thousands of Jews to be transferred from Germany to Palestine during the 1930s.\nHentig joined the Imperial German diplomatic service in 1909 and was posted as an attach\u00e9 to the German mission at Beijing. He was later posted to Istanbul and Tehran. During the First World War he was wounded in the Battle of the Masurian Lakes, then later in 1915, with Oskar Niedermayer, led the Niedermayer\u2013Hentig Expedition, a German mission to Kabul that sought to enlist the Afghan Amir's support for the Central Powers and an attack on British India.\nAt the end of the war, Hentig was attached to the embassy at Istanbul, before becoming active in repatriation of German prisoners of war from Siberia. In 1924, he was appointed the ambassador to Pozna\u0144. In the 1920s, Hentig became involved in the German Youth Movement. In the 1930s, he was appointed the German Consul General to San Francisco and later Bogot\u00e1 when in 1935, attempts were made to assassinate him.\nNora Levin writes in 'The Holocaust' about Hentig's actions during 1937 and 1938, when the rate of Jewish emigration from Germany to Palestine was being restricted by a combination of British obstructions (in response to Arab uprisings in Mandatory Palestine that opposed giving asylum to European Jews) and a change in German policy concerning the German Jewish contribution to the potential establishment of a Jewish State:\nThe Palestine Desk in the Wilhelmstrasse at this time (1937-38) was held by Werner Otto von Hentig, a critic of the Nazi regime, but a man whose foreign service expertise could not be ignored or wasted. Hentig had already dealt with the Palestine problem in Constantinople [now Istanbul].... In Berlin, he had often seen and heard Chaim Weizmann and had been deeply impressed by him. He was also attracted to the daring of the Zionist experiment. Hentig advised Ernst Marcus, who was employed by the Paltreu Company [Pal\u00e4stina Treuhandstelle, Palestine Trustee Office], a subsidiary of the Haavara Company, to prepare material proving that the contribution of the German Jews to the upbuilding of Palestine was small as compared with the share of Polish Jews and the financial contribution of American Jews. Marcus prepared such a memorandum, which served as the basis for a brief, arguing that there were certain advantages to Germany in the establishment of a Jewish State. Other divisions within the Foreign Ministry, however, submitted negative recommendations. Several months passed .... A short time before the Mossad emissary, Auerbach, arrived in Vienna, Hentig phoned Marcus to tell him that Hitler at last had made a favorable decision and that all obstacles in the way of emigration to Palestine were now removed \nAlthough Hentig was overly optimistic about the removal of all obstacles, especially the British opposition to unlimited Jewish immigration into Palestine, the actions he initiated enabled Auerbach to negotiate with Eichmann for (at first) a thousand Jewish boys and girls to be trained in preparation for emigration to Palestine. Although Eichmann had wanted the training and emigration to be handled by the Gestapo, Auerbach found confederates who used the opportunity to obtain 20,000 transit visas that could theoretically enable Jewish migration to Yugoslavia. Although the actual numbers saved from later being sent to concentration camps were fewer than 20,000, various efforts enabled many small groups in bunches of hundreds to find passage on several different vessels departing Yugoslav and Grecian ports. Although there were a variety of putative destinations, after a series of adventures and mishaps, many of these Jewish refugees eventually arrived safely in Palestine. These arrangements were continued until the British took strong action to stop such rescue operations.After the Nazi Kristallnacht in Germany, November 1938:\n\n Hentig ... expressed his shame, and willingly used his influence, at great personal risk, to protest a fresh action from starting.... Hentig interceded with Under-Secretary of State Ernst von Weizs\u00e4cker, pointing out the detrimental effects of the riots on German foreign policy.... Hentig ... did secure the release of ... arrested ... Jewish functionaries from concentration camps.\nAs the Middle East historian Wolfgang G. Schwanitz of New Jersey proved in his research, Hentig did cultivate a bitter rivalry with another leading German envoy to the Middle East, Dr Fritz Grobba, because they did not share the same ideological opinions. This shaped the German Middle Eastern policy: Hentig obstructed the expansion of the Second World War to the Middle East. Whereas Grobba, an ardent Nazi, belonged in both world wars to the Foreign Office faction that favored the massive incitement of Muslims to jihad in the colonial hinterland of Britain, France, and Russia, Hentig and Niedermayer rejected it. During the First World War they both underwent a professional transformation in the German officer corps, and nationalist ideas spreading across the region played a part in the conduct of Hentig's secret mission to Kabul, Afghanistan; the Turkish declaration of war escalated racial tensions among the Ottoman-German conspiracy, seeking to launch a Holy War to counter the so-called Allied powers.\nSome years after the Second World War, Hentig served as the West German ambassador to Indonesia. In retirement he was a personal advisor to the Saudi Royal Family for nearly two years.\nIn 1961, Hentig, along with Bogislaw von Bonin, Herman Schwann, Wolf Schenke, and Theodor Kogler, was one of the founders of the Association of German National Assembly.", "Q10322": "Trausella is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Turin, in the Val Chiusella.", "Q688872": "The Aleksander Zelwerowicz National Academy of Dramatic Art in Warsaw (Polish: Akademia Teatralna im. Aleksandra Zelwerowicza) is a public higher education institution in Warsaw, Poland. Its focus is on the theatre arts. It is in the Collegium Nobilium.", "Q26848": "Leon Allen White (May 14, 1955 \u2013 June 18, 2018), better known by his ring names Big Van Vader or simply Vader, was an American professional wrestler and professional football player. Throughout his career, he performed for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), and All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) during the 1990s and 2000s. According to CBS Sports, White is \"widely regarded as one of the greatest super-heavyweight pro wrestlers of all time\".White performed as a monstrous wrestler capable of aerial maneuvers: his diving moonsault was voted the \"Best Wrestling Maneuver\" of 1993 by Wrestling Observer Newsletter (WON) readers. Among other accolades in WCW and Japan, he won the IWGP Heavyweight Championship and the WCW World Heavyweight Championship three times each, the Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship twice, the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship once, and won the battle royal main event of the 1993 Battlebowl pay-per-view. Vader was inducted into the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame in 1996.", "Q697952": "Aurel Constantin Popovici (16 October 1863 Lugos, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire \u2013 9 February 1917 Geneva, Switzerland) was an ethnic Romanian Austro-Hungarian lawyer and politician. \nSon of an artisan, he completed primary and secondary education and studied at the Hungarian Gymnasium in Lugoj (Lugos) (1873-1880), and then at Romanian Lyceum in Beiu\u0219 (Bel\u00e9nyes) (1880-1884). In 1885, he enrolled at the University of Vienna to study medicine and philosophy and later transferred to the University of Graz. In 1891, he became one of the leaders of the National Romanian Party and one of the editors of Tribuna. Together with other Romanian intellectuals of the National Romanian Party, in 1892 he signed the Transylvanian Memorandum, a document pleading for equal rights with Hungarians in Transylvania, and demanding an end to persecutions and Magyarization attempts. In 1893, he moved to Austria, then to Italy and later Romania. In 1899, he founded the journal Rom\u00e2nia Jun\u01ce (The young Romania) in Bucharest.In 1906, in his book, he proposed the federalization of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy into the so-called United States of Greater Austria. Between 1908 and 1909, he was the editor-in-chief and director of Romanian journal S\u01cem\u01cen\u01cetorul (\"The Sower\") in Bucharest. In 1912, he settled in Vienna. After Romania's entrance into World War I in 1916, he moved to Geneva and died there in 1917. \nHe was buried in the cemetery next to St. Nicholas Church in Bra\u015fov (Brass\u00f3).\nIt was not until the 1980s that his work was subjected to scholarly analysis and historiographic assessments.", "Q173657": "Charles Michael \"Mike\" Magill (February 8, 1920; Haddonfield, New Jersey \u2013 August 31, 2006; Haddonfield, New Jersey) was an American racecar driver.\nAfter serving in the Army during World War II, Magill raced in the AAA and USAC Championship Car series from 1955 to 1959, with 15 career starts. He finished in the top ten 7 times, with his best finish in 4th position in 1955 at Langhorne.\nMagill competed in the Indianapolis 500 three times, with his first start coming in 1957. The next year, when racing legend Juan Manuel Fangio was unable to compete due to a contractual conflict, Magill drove the car in which Fangio had been practicing. He was involved in an accident in the first lap of the race but, after over an hour in the pits, he returned to the track to finish 17th. He drove in his final 500 in 1959, when he was eliminated from the race in a four-car accident.", "Q390560": "\u0130brahim \u015einasi (5 August 1826 \u2013 13 September 1871) was a pioneering Ottoman intellectual, author, journalist, translator, playwright, and newspaper editor. He was the innovator of several fields: he wrote one of the earliest examples of an Ottoman play, he encouraged the trend of translating poetry from French into Turkish, he simplified the script used for writing the Ottoman Turkish language, and he was one of the first of the Ottoman writers to write specifically for the broader public. \u015einasi used his newspapers, Terc\u00fcman-\u0131 Ahv\u00e2l and Tasvir-i Efk\u00e2r, to promote the proliferation of European Enlightenment ideals during the Tanzimat period, and he made the education of the literate Ottoman public his personal vocation. Though many of \u015einasi's projects were incomplete at the time of his death, \"he was at the forefront of a number of fields and put his stamp on the development of each field so long as it contained unsolved problems.\"\n\u015einasi was an early proponent of a constitution for the Empire. Along with his colleague and friend Nam\u0131k Kemal, \u015einasi was one of the foremost leaders of the Young Ottomans, a secret society of Ottoman Turkish intellectuals pushing for further reform in the Ottoman Empire after Tanzimat in order to modernize and revitalize it by bringing it into line with the rest of Europe. Although \u015einasi died before their goals for reform came to fruition, the Young Ottomans' efforts directly led to the first attempt at constitutional monarchy in the Empire in 1876, when the short-lived First Constitutional Era ushered in the writing of an Ottoman constitution and the creation of a bicameral parliament. Through his work as a political activist and one of the foremost literary figures of his time, \u015einasi laid the groundwork in the minds of the public for contemporary and later reforms in the Ottoman Empire and, later, the modern Republic of Turkey.", "Q3524190": "Thierry Coquand (French: [k\u0254k\u0251\u0303]; born 18 April 1961 in Jallieu, Is\u00e8re, France) is a professor in computer science at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. He is known for his work in constructive mathematics, especially the calculus of constructions. He received his Ph.D. under the supervision of G\u00e9rard Huet.", "Q445660": "Matthew C. Taibbi (; born March 2, 1970) is an American author and journalist. He has reported on politics, media, finance, and sports. He is a contributing editor for Rolling Stone.\nTaibbi began as a freelance reporter in the former Soviet Union, including a period in Uzbekistan, which he was deported from for criticizing President Islam Karimov. Taibbi later worked as a sports journalist for the English-language newspaper The Moscow Times. He also played professional baseball in Uzbekistan and Russia as well as professional basketball in Mongolia. Taibbi also worked for a short time as an investigator at a Boston-based private detective agency. In 1997, he moved back to Russia to edit the tabloid Living Here, but eventually left to co-edit rival tabloid The eXile. Taibbi returned to the United States in 2002 and founded the Buffalo-based newspaper The Beast. He left in 2003 to work as a columnist for the New York Press. In 2004, Taibbi began covering politics for Rolling Stone. In 2008, Taibbi won a National Magazine Award for three columns he wrote for Rolling Stone. In 2019, he launched the podcast Useful Idiots, co-hosted by Katie Halper and distributed by Rolling Stone. In 2020, he began self-publishing his online writing, while still contributing to the Useful Idiots podcast and the print edition of Rolling Stone.\nTaibbi has authored several books, including The Great Derangement (2009); Griftopia (2010); The Divide (2014); Insane Clown President (2017); I Can't Breathe (2017); and Hate Inc. (2019).\nTaibbi is known for his brazen style, having famously branded Goldman Sachs a \"vampire squid\" in a 2009 article. His work has often drawn comparisons to the gonzo style of writer Hunter S. Thompson, who also covered politics for Rolling Stone.", "Q260693": "Otta Helene Maree (n\u00e9e Zille ; born 9 March 1951), known as Helen Zille, is a South African politician. She has served as the Federal Council Chairperson of the Democratic Alliance since 20 October 2019. From 2009 until 2019, she was the Premier of the Western Cape province for two five-year terms, and a member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament. She served as Federal Leader of the Democratic Alliance from 2007 to 2015 and as Mayor of Cape Town from 2006 to 2009.\nZille is a former journalist and anti-apartheid activist and was one of the journalists who exposed the cover-up around the death of Black Consciousness leader Steve Biko while working for the Rand Daily Mail in the late 1970s. She also worked with the Black Sash and other pro-democracy groups during the 1980s. In the political arena, Zille has served in all three tiers of government, as the Western Cape's education MEC (1999\u20132001), as a Member of Parliament (2004\u20132006), as Mayor of Cape Town (2006\u20132009), and as Premier of the Western Cape (2009\u20132019).\nZille was selected as World Mayor of the Year in 2008. She was also chosen as Newsmaker of the Year 2006 by the National Press Club in July 2007. Zille speaks English, Afrikaans, Xhosa, and German.Following her departure from the premiership in May 2019, she joined the South African Institute of Race Relations as a senior policy fellow in July 2019, though she suspended her fellowship in October 2019. She started her own podcast, Tea with Helen, in August 2019. Zille declared her candidacy for Federal Council Chairperson of the DA in October 2019. She won the election.\n\n", "Q706093": "V\u00e1clav Laurin (16 October 1865, Kamen\u00ed near P\u011bn\u010d\u00edn \u2013 13 August 1930, Mlad\u00e1 Boleslav) was a Czech engineer, industrialist and automotive pioneer who, along with V\u00e1clav Klement, founded automobile manufacturer Laurin & Klement that later became today's \u0160koda Auto.", "Q48149": "Fedor Ivanovich Tolbukhin (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0443\u0301\u0445\u0438\u043d; June 16, 1894 \u2013 October 17, 1949) was a Soviet military commander.", "Q94022": "Birgit Minichmayr (born 3 April 1977) is an Austrian actress born in Linz, Austria. She studied drama at the Max Reinhardt Seminar in Vienna. For her work in Maren Ade's film Everyone Else she won Silver Bear for Best Actress at 59th Berlin International Film Festival. She is the only Austrian actress to win this award in history of the festival and the first Austrian actress to win best actress award at a major European film festival (Cannes, Venice, Berlin) since 1956. She worked with several major European directors including Michael Haneke, Tom Tykwer and Jessica Hausner.", "Q201279": "Woodrow Tracy Harrelson (born July 23, 1961) is an American actor and playwright. He first became known for his role as bartender Woody Boyd on the NBC sitcom Cheers (1985\u20131993), for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series from a total of five nominations. He has also received three Academy Award nominations: Best Actor for The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996) and Best Supporting Actor for The Messenger (2009) and Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017).", "Q175540": "Seven Below (US title Seven Below Zero) is a 2012 horror-thriller American film directed by Kevin Carraway starring Val Kilmer, Ving Rhames and Luke Goss in lead roles. Despite its similar name, it is not a sequel to the film Seven.", "Q4264": "Mercosur (in Spanish), Mercosul (in Portuguese), or \u00d1emby \u00d1emuha (in Guarani), officially Southern Common Market, is a South American trade bloc established by the Treaty of Asunci\u00f3n in 1991 and Protocol of Ouro Preto in 1994. Its full members are Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Venezuela is a full member but has been suspended since 1 December 2016. Associate countries are Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Suriname. New Zealand and Mexico are Observer countries. Its members have a combined area of 13,771,194 km\u00b2 and a population of 264 million people if counting only the full member states. The official languages are Spanish, Portuguese, and Guarani.Mercosur's origins are linked to the discussions for the constitution of a regional economic market for Latin America, which go back to the treaty that established the Latin American Free Trade Association in 1960, which was succeeded by the Latin American Integration Association in the 1980s. At the time, Argentina and Brazil made progress in the matter, signing the Igua\u00e7u Declaration (1985), which established a bilateral commission, which was followed by a series of trade agreements the following year. The Integration, Cooperation and Development Treaty, signed between both countries in 1988, set the goal of establishing a common market, to which other Latin American countries could join. Paraguay and Uruguay joined the process and the four countries became signatories to the Treaty of Asunci\u00f3n (1991), which established the Southern Common Market, a trade alliance aimed at boosting the regional economy, moving goods, people among themselves, workforce and capital. Initially a free trade zone was established, in which the signatory countries would not tax or restrict each other's imports. As of January 1, 1995, this area became a customs union, in which all signatories could charge the same quotas on imports from other countries (common external tariff). The following year, Bolivia and Chile acquired membership status. Other Latin American nations have expressed interest in joining the group.\nMercosur's purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency. Since its foundation, Mercosur's functions have been updated and amended many times; it currently confines itself to a customs union, in which there is free intra-zone trade and a common trade policy between member countries. In 2019, the Mercosur had generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around 4.6 trillion US dollars, placing the bloc as the 5th economy of the world. The bloc places high on the human development index. It has signed free trade agreements with Israel, Egypt, Japan and the European Union, among others.", "Q123706": "Jean Ziegler (French: [zigl\u025b\u0281]; born April 19, 1934 as Hans Ziegler) is a former professor of sociology at the University of Geneva and the Sorbonne, Paris. Currently vice-president of the Advisory Committee to the United Nations Human Rights Council. He was a Member of Parliament for the Social Democrats in the Federal Assembly of Switzerland from 1981 to 1999. He has also held several positions with the United Nations, especially as Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food from 2000 to 2008, and as a member of the Advisory Committee of the UN Human Rights Council from 2008 to 2012. Jean Ziegler has authored numerous works, is a lecturer, and is well known for this sentence: \"A child who dies from hunger is a murdered child.\"", "Q4730850": "Allan McLean (3 February 1840 \u2013 13 July 1911) was an Australian politician who served as the 19th Premier of Victoria, in office from 1899 to 1900. He was later elected to federal parliament, where he served as a government minister under George Reid.\nMcLean was born in Argyll, Scotland, and arrived in Australia as a child. His family settled in the Gippsland region of Victoria, and he eventually acquired a sheep station near Lake Wellington. McLean was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in 1880 and was promoted to cabinet in 1890, serving under James Munro, William Shiels, and George Turner. He replaced Turner as premier in 1899, but was defeated at the following year's general election. McLean entered the new federal parliament in 1901, as a member of the Protectionist Party. He was a leader of its conservative wing, and in 1904 crossed the floor to become Minister for Trade and Customs in the Reid Government. He was the de facto deputy prime minister. The government was defeated in 1905, and he lost his seat at the 1906 election.", "Q46602": "Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin ( or ; Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0443\u0301\u043d\u0438\u043d, IPA: [\u026a\u02c8van \u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ks\u02b2ej\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8bun\u02b2\u026an] (listen); 22 October [O.S. 10 October] 1870 \u2013 8 November 1953) was the first Russian writer awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. He was noted for the strict artistry with which he carried on the classical Russian traditions in the writing of prose and poetry. The texture of his poems and stories, sometimes referred to as \"Bunin brocade\", is considered to be one of the richest in the language.\nBest known for his short novels The Village (1910) and Dry Valley (1912), his autobiographical novel The Life of Arseniev (1933, 1939), the book of short stories Dark Avenues (1946) and his 1917\u20131918 diary (Cursed Days, 1926), Bunin was a revered figure among anti-communist white emigres, European critics, and many of his fellow writers, who viewed him as a true heir to the tradition of realism in Russian literature established by Tolstoy and Chekhov.", "Q78934": "Walter Felsenstein (30 May 1901 \u2013 8 October 1975) was an Austrian theater and opera director.\nHe was one of the most important exponents of textual accuracy, productions in which dramatic and musical values were exquisitely researched and balanced. His most famous students were G\u00f6tz Friedrich and Harry Kupfer both of whom went on to have important careers developing Felsenstein's work. Opera director Siegfried Schoenbohm was one of his assistants.", "Q85649": "Franz Jetzinger (3 December 1882 in Ranshofen in Upper Austria \u2013 19 March 1965 in Ottensheim in Upper Austria) was an Austrian clergyman, academic, politician, civil servant, editor and author. He remains especially famous as author of the book Hitler\u2019s Youth.", "Q3532094": "Tiruvellore Thattai Krishnamachari (1899\u20131974) was the Indian Finance Minister from 1956\u20131958 and from 1964\u20131966. He was also a founding member of the first Governing Body of NCAER, the National Council of Applied Economic Research in New Delhi, India's first independent economic policy institute established in 1956. Krishnamachari graduated from Madras Christian College (MCC) and was a visiting professor to the department of economics at MCC. He was popularly known as TTK. He has the ignominy of being the first minister in free India to have resigned due to his involvement in a scam. He was also a member of drafting committee, an entrepreneur and prominent leader within the Indian National Congress.He was also deputy viceroy from 1947-1950.", "Q453764": "Sergei Vasilyevich Avdeyev (\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0432\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0432; born 1 January 1956) is a Russian engineer and cosmonaut.\nAvdeyev was born in Chapayevsk, Samara Oblast (formerly Kuybyshev Oblast), Russian SFSR. He graduated from Moscow Physics-Engineering Institute in 1979 as an engineer-physicist. From 1979 to 1987 he worked as an engineer for NPO Energiya. He was selected as a cosmonaut as part of the Energia Engineer Group 9 on 26 March 1987. His basic cosmonaut training was from December 1987 through to July 1989. He retired as a cosmonaut on 14 February 2003.\nAvdeyev at one point held the record for cumulative time spent in space with 747.59 days in earth orbit, accumulated through three tours of duty aboard the Mir Space Station. He has orbited the earth 11,968 times traveling about 515,000,000 kilometers. In August 2005, this record was taken by another cosmonaut, Sergei K. Krikalev; it has since been surpassed by several other cosmonauts and the current record of 879 days was set by Gennady Padalka in 2015.\nAvdeyev is married with two children. He is an amateur radio operator, and his call sign is RV3DW.\n\n", "Q200601": "Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (Spanish: Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, PUCP) is a private university in Lima, Peru. It was founded in 1917 with the support and approval of the Catholic Church. The person who dealt the necessary formalities was Catholic priest Father Jorge Dintilhac SS.CC. This University was the Peru's first non-State institution of higher learning. Academically, PUCP ranks alternatively as first or second in Peru.\nIn July 2012, after an apostolic visitation, begun earlier, in 2011, by Cardinal Peter Erdo, Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest, Hungary, the Holy See withdrew from the university the right under canon law to use the titles Catholic and Pontifical in its name. Titles like \"Catholic\" and \"Pontifical\" are granted by Vatican only after meeting legal requirements. However, on Monday, 28 April 2014, the Rector of the University stated that,: \"The Holy Father, Pope Francis, has formed a Commission of Cardinals with the mission of meeting to find a 'final, consensual solution,' in the framework of the Apostolic Constitution 'Ex Corde Ecclesiae,' ('From the Heart of the Church') to the outstanding issues\" between the Vatican and the University.\" Besides Cardinal Erdo, the other two Cardinal Members of the Commission will be Cardinal Gerald Lacroix, Archbishop of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, and Cardinal Ricardo Ezzati Andrello, Archbishop of Santiago de Chile, Chile. In 2016, Vatican restored the lost titles and determined that Archbishop of Lima will not assume ever the position of Chancellor of the University. It was a sort of appeasement for rebel authorities because Archbishop of Lima, Juan Luis Cipriani, was the main advocate of the Vatican interests. Nevertheless, nowadays (December 2018) those authorities are facing charges, and Rector Marcial Rubio had to resign after a scandal of undue and abusive charges of students.", "Q593554": "Anton Rovner (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0440; born 28 June 1970) is a Russian-American composer, music critic and theorist.", "Q2777895": "Re: Cutie Honey (Re:\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u30cf\u30cb\u30fc, Ri Ky\u016bt\u012b Han\u012b) is a three-episode OVA (original video animation) series based on the 2004 tokusatsu (live-action) film Cutie Honey, both being adaptations of the 1970s manga written and illustrated by Go Nagai. The series was co-produced with Gainax and Toei Animation, directed by Hideaki Anno, and shown on the Animax satellite television network in 2004. The first episode aired on July 24, two months after the live-action film was released. DVD releases for each episode followed, with the first released on September 21. The series tells the same story as the film, but contains nudity and additional character development.\n\n", "Q55118": "Ben Goodger (born in London, England) is a Software Engineer, formerly employee of Netscape Communications Corporation and the Mozilla Foundation and former lead developer of the Firefox web browser.Goodger grew up in Auckland, New Zealand, and graduated from the University of Auckland in May 2003 with a bachelor's degree in Computer Engineering. He now lives in Los Altos Hills, California and is currently working for Google Inc., where he leads user experience for the Google Chrome project.", "Q86340": "Karl Harbacher (1879\u20131943) was an Austrian actor.", "Q525180": "Heiner Goebbels (born 17 August 1952) is a German composer, director and professor at Justus-Liebig-University in Gie\u00dfen and artistic director of the International Festival of the Arts Ruhrtriennale 2012\u201314.", "Q121111": "Charles Monnard (17 January 1790, in Bern \u2013 13 January 1865, in Bonn) was a Swiss historian.\nHe studied theology in Lausanne, and from 1813 to 1816, worked as a tutor in Paris. From 1816 to 1845 he was a professor of French literature at the Academy of Lausanne. In 1847 he attained the chair of literature and Romance languages at the University of Bonn, a position he maintained up until his death.He expanded to Romandy the national-historical movement in Swiss history that had been promoted by German-speaking Swiss historians such as Johannes von M\u00fcller and Heinrich Zschokke. He translated both men's works into French, and was one of several historians to work on a continuation of von M\u00fcller's Geschichten Schweizerischer Eidgenossenschaft. This work fit into the context of Monnard's liberal politics in the controversies of the time, opposing the attempts of the old elites to reestablish themselves.\nMonnard was also a founding member of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d'histoire de la Suisse romande, and a member of the Helvetic Society after it was revived in 1819.", "Q2391659": "Tamisuke Watanuki (\u7dbf\u8cab \u6c11\u8f14, Watanuki Tamisuke, born 30 April 1927) is a Japanese politician from the Toyama Prefecture. He started his own export-import company at age 28.\nHe graduated from the Department of Economics at Keio University and ran for the Prefectural Assembly in 1959. He was elected to the Diet in 1969 as a member of the Liberal Democratic Party.He served as Vice Minister of International Trade and Industry in 1975 in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Miki, and as Vice Minister of the Post Office under Prime Minister Fukuda, as well as some other cabinet positions through the 1980s. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives from July 2000 to November 2003.He vigorously opposed Prime Minister Koizumi's plan to privatize the national post office and formed the People's New Party in 2005 to oppose the plan. Although Koizumi's party handily won a strong majority in the elections on 11 September 2005, Watanuki crushed the challenger in his district.", "Q171726": "Sir Sze-yuen Chung, (Chinese: \u937e\u58eb\u5143; 3 November 1917 \u2013 14 November 2018) was a Hong Kong politician who served as a Senior Member of the Executive and Legislative Councils during the 1970s and 1980s in the colonial period and the first Non-official Convenor of the Executive Council in the SAR period. For his seniority in the Hong Kong political arena, he was nicknamed the \"Great Sir\" and \"Godfather of Hong Kong politics\".An-engineer-turned-politician, Chung was appointed to various public positions by the colonial government including the chairman of the Federation of Hong Kong Industries (FHKI) in the 1960s before he was an Unofficial Member of the Legislative and Executive Councils. As a Senior Member of the Executive Council, Chung was involved heavily in the Sino-British negotiations on the Hong Kong sovereignty in the early 1980s, in which he sought to voice the concerns on the behalf of the Hong Kong people between the Chinese and British governments. After his retirement from the colonial positions in 1988, he began to take Beijing appointments of pre-handover posts. In 1997, he was invited by Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa to become the first Convenor of the Non-official Members of the SAR Executive Council until his second retirement in 1999.", "Q384273": "Nicole Marie Fugere (pronounced \"foo-zhair\"; born September 25, 1986) is a former American child actress and model.", "Q127560": "The Incredible Journey of Mary Bryant is a 2005 miniseries loosely based on the life of Mary Bryant, an English girl from Cornwall who in this telling was convicted of petty theft (though the historical Mary Bryant was transported for a violent robbery and assault), and who was transported to the Australian Penal Colony on the First Fleet with other prisoners bound for Botany Bay. It was written by Peter Berry and directed by Peter Andrikidis. The film had a budget in excess of A$15 million, making it the largest-budget television mini-series produced in Australia.", "Q202016": "Splitting Heirs is a 1993 British black comedy film directed by Robert Young and starring Eric Idle, Rick Moranis, Barbara Hershey, Catherine Zeta-Jones, John Cleese and Sadie Frost. It features music by Michael Kamen. It was entered in the 1993 Cannes Film Festival.\n\n", "Q722643": "Tokuji Hayakawa (\u65e9\u5ddd \u5fb3\u6b21, Hayakawa Tokuji, November 3, 1893 \u2013 June 24, 1980) was a Japanese businessman and the founder of Hayakawa Kinzoku K\u014dgy\u014d (the present-day Sharp Corporation). He invented and patented the \u201cTokubij\u014d\u201d belt buckle in 1912 (a belt which can fasten without perforating) and invented the \"Ever Ready Sharp\" mechanical pencil (from which his company would later get its name) in 1915.\nThe success of the \u201cTokubij\u014d\u201d belt buckle led to Hayakawa starting his own metallurgical processing, which then developed into the present-day Sharp Corporation.", "Q1251139": "Dot Records was an American record label founded by Randy Wood that was active between 1950 and 1979. The label was reactivated in 2014 through a joint venture between Big Machine Label Group and the Republic Records unit of Universal Music Group (which owns the original Dot Records catalog). Based in Nashville, Tennessee, the label was discontinued in 2017.", "Q309631": "Edward Walter Furlong (born August 2, 1977) is an American actor and musician. Furlong won Saturn and MTV Movie Awards for his breakthrough performance as John Connor in Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991). The following year, he gave an Independent Spirit Award-nominated turn opposite Jeff Bridges in American Heart, and earned a second Saturn Award nomination for his work in Pet Sematary Two. He won a Young Artist Award for his performance alongside Kathy Bates in A Home of Our Own (1993) and appeared in Before and After (1996) with Meryl Streep and Liam Neeson. Furlong received acclaim for his starring roles in the 1998 motion pictures Pecker, co-starring Christina Ricci, and American History X, co-starring Edward Norton. He had significant roles in the comedy Detroit Rock City (1999) and the crime drama Animal Factory (2000).", "Q176049": "Lauren Weisberger (born March 28, 1977) is an American novelist and author of the 2003 bestseller The Devil Wears Prada, a roman \u00e0 clef of her experience as a put-upon assistant to Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour.", "Q116965": "Arthur Dunkel (26 August 1932 \u2013 8 June 2005) was a Swiss (Portuguese-born) administrator. He served as director-general of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade between 1980 and 1993. Dunkel was educated at the Graduate Institute of International Studies, in Geneva. He was Professor for international trade at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland).\nArthur Dunkel took an active part in the Uruguay Round Negotiations of the GATT. His contribution to the successful completion of these negotiations was vital. When negotiations had passed the deadline and no agreement had emerged he took initiative in his own hands compiling the 'Dunkel Draft' in December 1991. The draft put together the results of negotiations and provided an arbitrated solution to issues on which negotiators failed to agree. Even though the United States and India continued to bargain for changes to the Dunkel Draft, only minor amendments were made in the sphere of agriculture. The Dunkel Draft was accepted and became the foundation of the World Trade Organization.", "Q178070": "Bamako is a 2006 film directed by Abderrahmane Sissako, first released at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival on 21 May and in Manhattan by New Yorker Films on 14 February 2007.\nThe film depicts a trial taking place in Bamako, the capital of Mali, amid the daily life that is going on in the city. In the midst of that trial, two sides argue whether the World Bank and International Monetary Fund are guided by special interest of developed nations, or whether it is corruption and the individual nations' mismanagement, that is guilty of the current financial state of many poverty-stricken African countries as well as the rest of the poor undeveloped world. The film even touches on European colonization and discusses how it plays a role in shaping African societies and their resulting poverty and issues.\nDanny Glover, one of the film's executive producers, also guest-stars as an actor in a Western film (called Death in Timbuktu) that some children are watching on the television in one scene.", "Q214660": "John Robert Fowles (; 31 March 1926 \u2013 5 November 2005) was an English novelist of international stature, critically positioned between modernism and postmodernism. His work reflects the influence of Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus, among others.\nAfter leaving Oxford University, Fowles taught English at a school on the Greek island of Spetses, a sojourn that inspired The Magus, an instant best-seller that was directly in tune with 1960s \"hippy\" anarchism and experimental philosophy. This was followed by The French Lieutenant's Woman (1969), a Victorian-era romance with a postmodern twist that was set in Lyme Regis, Dorset, where Fowles lived for much of his life. Later fictional works include The Ebony Tower, Daniel Martin, Mantissa, and A Maggot.\nFowles's books have been translated into many languages, and several have been adapted as films.", "Q265099": "Margo Cathleen Harshman (born March 4, 1986) is an American actress known for her role as Tawny Dean on Even Stevens, on The Big Bang Theory as Sheldon Cooper's assistant, Alex Jensen, and as Delilah McGee, Timothy McGee's paraplegic wife on NCIS.", "Q286302": "Vera Oelschlegel (born 5 July 1938) has worked as a German singer, actress, artistic director, drama director and professor of drama at the Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts. She was a celebrity in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) before 1989. After that, from 1990 till 2013, she headed up the Theater des Ostens touring theatre company.\n\n", "Q659597": "Baden District is a district in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland. The district capital is the town of Baden and the largest municipality is Wettingen, located in the Limmat Valley (German: Limmattal). The district has a total of 26 municipalities, an area of 153.07 km2 (59.10 sq mi), and a population (as of 2014) of about 138,000.", "Q7326759": "Richard John Puddephatt, was born 1943 in Aylesbury, England. He is a Distinguished University Professor in the department of chemistry at the University of Western Ontario, in London, Ontario, Canada. Richard is a former holder of a Canada research chair in material synthesis. He has been studying the fundamental chemistry of gold and other precious metals in the development of new materials for potential applications in health care and electronics. Dr. Puddephatt's research interests involve organometallic chemistry related to catalysis and materials science, and he is considered a world expert on platinum and gold chemistry. He has authored two books: The Chemistry of Gold and The Periodic Table of Elements.", "Q86354": "Ursula Haubner (born 22 December 1945) is an Austrian politician of the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZ\u00d6), formerly of the Austrian Freedom Party (FP\u00d6).", "Q450279": "Nicholas Pileggi (, Italian: [pi\u02c8le\u02d0dd\u0292i]; born February 22, 1933) is an American author, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for writing the non-fiction book Wiseguy and co-writing the screenplay for Goodfellas, its 1990 film adaptation, for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.\n\n", "Q3164031": "Jean-Baptiste Doumeng (2 December 1919 - 6 April 1987), was a French businessman, politician and Communist. Doumeng was given the nickname \"The Red Millionaire\" for his business dealings with Eastern Bloc nations during the Cold War.\n\n", "Q1491634": "Alexander Winton (June 20, 1860 \u2013 June 21, 1932) was a Scottish-American bicycle, automobile and diesel engine designer and inventor. He also was an early automobile racer.\n\n", "Q141829": "Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (; Russian: \u041b\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0438\u044f, IPA: [\u02c8b\u02b2er\u02b2i\u0259]; Georgian: \u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, translit.: lavrent'i p'avles dze beria, IPA: [b\u025bri\u0251]; 29 March [O.S. 17 March] 1899 \u2013 23 December 1953) was a Soviet politician, Marshal of the Soviet Union and state security administrator, chief of the Soviet security and secret police apparatus (NKVD) under Joseph Stalin during World War II, and promoted to deputy premier under Stalin from 1941. He later officially joined the Politburo in 1946.\nBeria was the longest-lived and most influential of Stalin's secret police chiefs, wielding his most substantial influence during and after World War II. Following the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 he was responsible for organising the Katyn massacre. He simultaneously administered vast sections of the Soviet state and acted as the de facto Marshal of the Soviet Union in command of NKVD field units responsible for barrier troops and Soviet partisan intelligence and sabotage operations on the Eastern Front during World War II. Beria administered the vast expansion of the Gulag labour camps and was primarily responsible for overseeing the secret detention facilities for scientists and engineers known as sharashkas.\nHe attended the Yalta Conference with Stalin, who introduced him to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt as \"our Himmler\". After the war, he organised the Communist takeover of the state institutions in Central Europe and Eastern Europe and political repressions in these countries. Beria's uncompromising ruthlessness in his duties and skill at producing results culminated in his success in overseeing the Soviet atomic bomb project. Stalin gave it absolute priority and the project was completed in under five years.After Stalin's death in March 1953, Lavrentiy Beria became First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union and head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In this dual capacity, he formed a troika alongside Georgy Malenkov and Vyacheslav Molotov that briefly led the country in Stalin's place. A coup d'\u00e9tat by Nikita Khrushchev with help from Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov in June 1953, removed Beria from power. He was arrested on charges of 357 counts of rape and treason. He was sentenced to death and was executed by Pavel Batitsky on 23 December 1953.", "Q1308": "Como (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u0254\u02d0mo] (listen), locally [\u02c8ko\u02d0mo]; Comasco: C\u00f2mm [\u02c8k\u0254m], C\u00f3mm [\u02c8kom] or C\u00f9mm [\u02c8kum]; Latin: Novum Comum; Romansh: Com) is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy. It is the administrative capital of the Province of Como.\nIts proximity to Lake Como and to the Alps has made Como a tourist destination, and the city contains numerous works of art, churches, gardens, museums, theatres, parks and palaces: the Duomo, seat of the Diocese of Como; the Basilica of Sant'Abbondio; the Villa Olmo; the public gardens with the Tempio Voltiano; the Teatro Sociale; the Broletto or the city's medieval town hall; and the 20th century Casa del Fascio.\nWith 215,320 overnight guests, in 2013 Como was the fourth most visited city in Lombardy after Milan, Bergamo and Brescia. In 2018, Como surpassed Bergamo becoming the third most visited city in Lombardy with 1.4 million arrivals.Como was the birthplace of many historical figures, including the poet Caecilius mentioned by Catullus in the 1st century BCE, writers Pliny the Elder and Pliny the Younger, Pope Innocent XI, scientist Alessandro Volta, and Cosima Liszt, second wife of Richard Wagner and long-term director of the Bayreuth Festival, and Antonio Sant'Elia, (1888-1916) Futurist architect and pioneer of the modern movement.", "Q620732": "Alexander Nikolaevich Tarasov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432; born March 8, 1958) is a Soviet and Russian left-wing sociologist, politologist, culturologist, publicist, writer, and philosopher. Up until the beginning of the 21st century he referred to himself as a Post-Marxist alongside Istv\u00e1n M\u00e9sz\u00e1ros and a number of Yugoslav Marxist philosophers who belonged to Praxis School and emigrated to London. Since in the 21st century the term Post-Marxism has been appropriated by Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe and their followers, Alexander Tarasov (together with the above-mentioned Istv\u00e1n M\u00e9sz\u00e1ros and Yugoslav philosophers) stopped referring to himself as a Post-Marxist.\n\n", "Q2546428": "Walter Stewart Owen, (January 26, 1904 \u2013 January 13, 1981) was the 22nd Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia from 1973\u20131978.\nIn his youth, Owen was the first premier of the British Columbia Older Boys' Parliament, which later became the British Columbia Youth Parliament. He became a prominent lawyer in Vancouver. He was called to the Bar of British Columbia in 1928 and in 1933 was named the youngest crown prosecutor in Canada at that time. He later went into private practice and co-founded the Vancouver law firm Owen Bird. In 1958, he was elected as the president of the Canadian Bar Association.In 1956, Owen and business partner Frank Griffiths purchased New Westminster radio station CKNW and co-founded Western International Communications Ltd. (\"WIC\").He is the father of Philip Owen, who served three terms as the mayor of the city of Vancouver.\nIn 1978, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.", "Q4648055": "Abraham Kingsley \"King\" Macomber (March 7, 1874 \u2013 October 6, 1955) was an American adventurer, businessman, philanthropist, Thoroughbred-racehorse owner and breeder. He was born in Morristown, New Jersey, the second of the three sons of Henry Kirke Macomber, a medical doctor who moved his family to Pasadena, California, in 1883.", "Q54212": "Barnsley () is a town in South Yorkshire, England, located between Leeds and Sheffield. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the town centre lies on the west bank of the Dearne Valley. Barnsley is surrounded by several smaller settlements which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, of which Barnsley is the largest and its administrative centre. At the 2011 Census, Barnsley had a population of 91,297.Barnsley is a former industrial town centred on linen in its former years and coal mining, glassmaking and textiles. The industries declined in the 20th century. Barnsley's culture is rooted in its industrial heritage and it has a tradition of brass bands, originally created as social clubs by its mining communities. It is also home of the Barnsley chop.\nThe town is accessed from junctions 36, 37 and 38 of the M1 motorway and has a railway station on the Hallam and Penistone Lines. Barnsley F.C. is the local football club, which has competed in the second tier of British football for most of its history. Barnsley F.C. also won the FA Cup in 1912.", "Q768038": "Samantha Fletcher is a British Green Party politician, and under her maiden name of Samantha Weinberg, a novelist, journalist and travel writer. Educated at St Paul's Girls' School and Trinity College, Cambridge, she is the author of books such as A Fish Caught in Time: The Search for the Coelacanth and the James Bond inspired trilogy The Moneypenny Diaries under the alias Kate Westbrook. She is assistant editor of Intelligent Life, the features and cultural magazine from The Economist.", "Q155684": "Gyula Horn (5 July 1932 \u2013 19 June 2013) was a Hungarian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of the Republic of Hungary from 1994 to 1998.\nHorn is remembered as the last Communist Foreign Minister of Hungary who played a major role in the demolishing of the \"Iron Curtain\" for East Germans in 1989, contributing to the later unification of Germany, and for the Bokros package, the biggest fiscal austerity programme in post-communist Hungary, launched under his premiership, in 1995.", "Q784090": "Michael Landau (born June 1, 1958) is an American musician, audio engineer, and record producer. He is a session musician and guitarist who has played on many albums since the early 1980s with Boz Scaggs, Minoru Niihara, Joni Mitchell, Rod Stewart, Seal, Michael Jackson, James Taylor, Helen Watson, Richard Marx, Steve Perry, Pink Floyd, Phil Collins on Two Hearts and Loco in Acapulco, Roger Daltrey, Stevie Nicks, Glenn Frey, and Miles Davis. Landau, along with fellow session guitarists Dean Parks, Steve Lukather, Michael Thompson and Dann Huff, played on many of the major label releases recorded in Los Angeles from the 1980s\u20131990s. He has released music with several record labels, including Ulftone Music and Tone Center Records, a member of Shrapnel Label Group.\nIn addition to his session work, Landau has led several bands, including Raging Honkies and Burning Water. In the early 1980s, he was also in the band Maxus with Robbie Buchanan, Jay Gruska, and Doane Perry.", "Q373189": "Bithynia (; Koine Greek: \u0392\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, Bithyn\u00eda) was an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor, adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus and the Black Sea. It bordered Mysia to the southwest, Paphlagonia to the northeast along the Pontic coast, and Phrygia to the southeast towards the interior of Asia Minor.\nBithynia was an independent kingdom from the 4th century BC. Its capital Nicomedia was rebuilt on the site of ancient Astacus in 264 BC by Nicomedes I of Bithynia. Bithynia was bequeathed to the Roman Republic in 74 BC, and became united with the Pontus region as the province of Bithynia et Pontus. In the 7th century it was incorporated into the Byzantine Opsikion theme.\nIt became a border region to the Seljuk Empire in the 13th century, and was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Turks between 1325 and 1333.", "Q517898": "Teuvo Kalevi Kohonen (born July 11, 1934) is a prominent Finnish academic (Dr. Eng.) and researcher. He is currently professor emeritus of the Academy of Finland.\nProf. Kohonen has made many contributions to the field of artificial neural networks, including the Learning Vector Quantization algorithm, fundamental theories of distributed associative memory and optimal associative mappings, the learning subspace method and novel algorithms for symbol processing like redundant hash addressing. He has published several books and over 300 peer-reviewed papers.\nHis most famous contribution is the Self-Organizing Map (also known as the Kohonen map or Kohonen artificial neural networks, although Kohonen himself prefers SOM). Due to the popularity of the SOM algorithm in many research and in practical applications, Kohonen is often considered to be the most cited Finnish scientist. The current version of the SOM bibliography contains close to 8000 entries.\nMost of his career, Prof. Kohonen conducted research at Helsinki University of Technology (TKK). The Neural Networks Research Centre of TKK, a center of excellence appointed by Academy of Finland was founded to conduct research related to Teuvo Kohonen's innovations. After Kohonen's retirement, the center has been led by Prof. Erkki Oja and later renamed to Adaptive Informatics Research Centre with widened foci of research.\nTeuvo Kohonen was elected the First Vice President of the International Association for Pattern Recognition from 1982 to 1984, and acted as the first president of the European Neural Network Society from 1991 to 1992.\nFor his scientific achievements, Prof. Kohonen has received a number of prizes including the following:\n\nIEEE Neural Networks Council Pioneer Award, 1991\nTechnical Achievement Award of the IEEE Signal Processing Society, 1995\nIEEE Frank Rosenblatt Award, 2008", "Q2601": "Manfred Gerlach (8 May 1928 \u2013 17 October 2011) was a German jurist and politician, and the longtime leader of the East German Liberal Democratic Party. He served as Chairman of the Council of State and was thus head of state of East Germany from 6 December 1989 to 5 April 1990.", "Q11996": "Lee Hills (1906\u20132000) was an American editor and publisher of the Miami Herald and the Detroit Free Press. He was the first chairman and CEO of Knight-Ridder Newspapers and president of the Knight Ridder news service after he helped arrange the merger of Knight Newspapers and Ridder Publications; later in life, he was president of the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation.Hills attended Brigham Young University and the University of Missouri; Lee Hills Hall, the building housing the Columbia Missourian newspaper, is named after him. While editor of the Free Press, he was the winner of the 1956 Pulitzer Prize for deadline reporting for his coverage of negotiations between the United Auto Workers and Ford and General Motors that resulted in the guaranteed annual wage. He also served on the board of trustees of Science Service, now known as Society for Science & the Public, from 1958\u20131961.", "Q189937": "John Knox (c.\u20091514 \u2013 24 November 1572) was a Scottish minister, theologian, and writer who was a leader of the country's Reformation. He was the founder of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland.\nBorn in Giffordgate, Knox is believed to have been educated at the University of St Andrews and worked as a notary-priest. Influenced by early church reformers such as George Wishart, he joined the movement to reform the Scottish church. He was caught up in the ecclesiastical and political events that involved the murder of Cardinal David Beaton in 1546 and the intervention of the regent Mary of Guise. He was taken prisoner by French forces the following year and exiled to England on his release in 1549.\nWhile in exile, Knox was licensed to work in the Church of England, where he rose in the ranks to serve King Edward VI of England as a royal chaplain. He exerted a reforming influence on the text of the Book of Common Prayer. In England, he met and married his first wife, Margery Bowes. When Mary I ascended the throne of England and re-established Roman Catholicism, Knox was forced to resign his position and leave the country. Knox moved to Geneva and then to Frankfurt. In Geneva, he met John Calvin, from whom he gained experience and knowledge of Reformed theology and Presbyterian polity. He created a new order of service, which was eventually adopted by the reformed church in Scotland. He left Geneva to head the English refugee church in Frankfurt but he was forced to leave over differences concerning the liturgy, thus ending his association with the Church of England.\nOn his return to Scotland, Knox led the Protestant Reformation in Scotland, in partnership with the Scottish Protestant nobility. The movement may be seen as a revolution, since it led to the ousting of Mary of Guise, who governed the country in the name of her young daughter Mary, Queen of Scots. Knox helped write the new confession of faith and the ecclesiastical order for the newly created reformed church, the Kirk. He continued to serve as the religious leader of the Protestants throughout Mary's reign. In several interviews with the Queen, Knox admonished her for supporting Catholic practices. When she was imprisoned for her alleged role in the murder of her husband Lord Darnley and King James VI was enthroned in her stead, Knox openly called for her execution. He continued to preach until his final days.", "Q249215": "Project X is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Nima Nourizadeh and written by Michael Bacall and Matt Drake based on a story by Bacall, and produced by director Todd Phillips. The film follows three friends\u2014Thomas (Thomas Mann), Costa (Oliver Cooper) and J.B. (Jonathan Daniel Brown)\u2014who plan to gain popularity by throwing a party, a plan which quickly escalates out of their control.\nThe title Project X was initially a placeholder for a final title, but interest generated by the secretive title kept it in place. A nationwide open casting call was employed to find fresh faces. The majority of the cast were sourced from this casting call, but a few with prior acting credits, such as Mann, were accepted after multiple auditions. Filming took place on sets in Los Angeles over five weeks on a US$12 million budget. The film is presented as a found footage home video from the perspective of an attendee using a camera to document the night's events.\nProject X was released in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom on March 2, 2012, and grossed over $100 million worldwide during its theatrical run. Criticism focused on the \"loathsome\" behavior of the lead characters, the perceived misogyny and the disregard for the effects of drug use. Other reviews considered it funny and thrilling, and equated it to a modern incarnation of the 1978 comedy Animal House. Following release, incidents of large-scale parties referenced or blamed the film as an inspiration.", "Q198184": "Zhucheng (simplified Chinese: \u8bf8\u57ce; traditional Chinese: \u8af8\u57ce; pinyin: Zh\u016bch\u00e9ng) is a county-level city in the southeast of Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Weifang City and had at the 2010 census a population of 1,086,222 even though its built-up (or metro) area is much smaller.", "Q5608": "Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), known professionally as Eminem (; often stylized as EMIN\u018eM), is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer. He is one of the most successful artists of the 21st century. In addition to his solo career, Eminem was a member of the hip hop group D12. He is also known for collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 5'9\"; the two are collectively known as Bad Meets Evil.\nAfter his debut album Infinite (1996) and the extended play Slim Shady EP (1997), Eminem signed with Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment and subsequently achieved mainstream popularity in 1999 with The Slim Shady LP. His next two releases The Marshall Mathers LP (2000) and The Eminem Show (2002) were worldwide successes and were both nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. As a result of being a leading figure in a form of black music and being credited for popularizing hip hop to a Middle America audience, Eminem was subject to comparisons with Elvis Presley at the time. After the release of Encore in 2004, which faced heavy criticism by fans and critics for its lackluster quality, Eminem went on hiatus in 2005 partly due to a prescription drug addiction. He released Relapse in 2009 and Recovery the following year, which both won Grammy Awards for Best Rap Album. Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide, making it his second album, after The Eminem Show in 2002, to be the best-selling album worldwide. In the following years, he released the US number one albums The Marshall Mathers LP 2, Revival, Kamikaze and Music to Be Murdered By.\nEminem starred in the drama film 8 Mile (2002) playing a fictionalized version of himself, which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Lose Yourself\", making him the first hip hop artist to ever win the award. He has made cameo appearances in the films The Wash (2001), Funny People (2009), and The Interview (2014), and the television series Entourage (2010). Eminem has developed other ventures, including Shady Records, with manager Paul Rosenberg, which helped launch the careers of artists such as 50 Cent, Yelawolf and Obie Trice, among others. He has also established his own channel, Shade 45, on Sirius XM Radio.\nEminem is among the best-selling music artists of all time with sales estimated more than 220 million records. He was the best-selling music artist in the United States of the 2000s. In 2009, Billboard named him the \"Artist of the Decade\". The Marshall Mathers LP, The Eminem Show, \"Lose Yourself\", \"Love the Way You Lie\" and \"Not Afraid\" have all been certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Eminem has won numerous awards, including 15 Grammy Awards, eight American Music Awards, 17 Billboard Music Awards, an Academy Award and a MTV Europe Music Global Icon Award.\nHe has had ten number one albums on the Billboard 200, which all consecutively debuted at number one on the chart making him the only artist to achieve this, and five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. Rolling Stone included him in its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.", "Q153593": "Chapaev (Russian: \u0427\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0432, IPA: [t\u0255\u026a\u02c8pa\u026af]) is a 1934 Soviet war film, directed by the Vasilyev brothers for Lenfilm.The film is a fictionalized biography of Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev (1887\u20131919), a Red Army commander who became a hero of the Russian Civil War. It is based on the novel of the same name by Dmitri Furmanov, a Russian writer and Bolshevik commissar who fought together with Chapaev.", "Q60809": "Ansel Easton Adams (February 20, 1902 \u2013 April 22, 1984) was a landscape photographer and environmentalist known for his black-and-white images of the American West. He helped found Group f/64, an association of photographers advocating \"pure\" photography which favored sharp focus and the use of the full tonal range of a photograph. He and Fred Archer developed an exacting system of image-making called the Zone System, a method of achieving a desired final print through a deeply technical understanding of how tonal range is recorded and developed in exposure, negative development, and printing. The resulting clarity and depth of such images characterized his photography.\nAdams was a life-long advocate for environmental conservation, and his photographic practice was deeply entwined with this advocacy. At age 12, he was given his first camera during his first visit to Yosemite National Park. He developed his early photographic work as a member of the Sierra Club. He was later contracted with the United States Department of the Interior to make photographs of national parks. For his work and his persistent advocacy, which helped expand the National Park system, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1980.\nAdams was a key advisor in establishing the photography department at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, an important landmark in securing photography's institutional legitimacy. He helped to stage that department's first photography exhibition, helped found the photography magazine Aperture, and co-founded the Center for Creative Photography at the University of Arizona.\n\n", "Q2167": "Lund (, also US: LU(U)ND, Swedish: [\u02c8l\u0275n\u02d0d] (listen)) is a city in the southern Swedish province of Scania, across the \u00d8resund strait from Copenhagen. The town had 91,940 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 121,510 as of 2018. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Sk\u00e5ne County. The Greater Copenhagen / \u00d8resund Region, which includes Lund, is home to 4 million people. \nArcheologists date the foundation of Lund to around 990, when Scania was part of Denmark. From 1103 it was the seat of the Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Lund, and the towering Lund Cathedral, built circa 1090\u20131145, still stands at the centre of the town. Denmark ceded the city to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, and its status as part of Sweden was formalised in 1720.\nLund University, established in 1666, is one of Scandinavia's oldest and largest institutions for education and research. The university and its buildings dominate much of the centre of the city, and have led to Lund becoming a regional centre for high tech industry.", "Q92447": "Alexandra Hildebrandt (born Alexandra Weissmann on 27 February 1959 in Kiev) is a German artist, author, political activist and human rights activist. She is currently director of the Checkpoint Charlie Museum and the chair of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft 13. August Association. In 1995, she married the museum's other co-founder and former director Rainer Hildebrandt, and they remained married until his death in 2004. She is internationally noted for leading the construction of the Freedom Memorial, which was controversially demolished in 2005. The focus of Alexandra Hildebrandt's work is the preservation and advancement of the Checkpoint Charlie Museum, the rehabilitation of the victims of the GDR-Regime, and the clarification of more destinies of refugees who suffered death at the East-West border. Furthermore, she takes a stand for the worldwide non-violent struggle for human rights, which was a matter very close to her late husbands heart. In 2004 she endowed the international human rights award, the Dr. Rainer Hildebrandt Medal, which is given annually in recognition of extraordinary, non-violent commitment to human rights.From 2010 until 2013, Hildebrandt worked hard to secure the release of oligarch turned political activist, Mikhail Khodorkovsky. Initially she started with an exhibition in her museum, the renown Checkpoint Charlie Museum, to raise awareness about the fate of Mr Khodorkovsky after Khodorkovskys lawyers and family asked her for help. Eventually, she involved former German Foreign Secretary, Hans-Dietrich Genscher, in her international campaign to free Khodorkovsky. In 2013 Khodorkovsky was released from prison after serving some ten years. In 2017, at the age of 58, she had her seventh child.\n\n", "Q49243": "Riverside is a city in, and the county seat of, Riverside County, California, United States, located in the Inland Empire metropolitan area. It is named for its location beside the Santa Ana River. It is the most populous city in the Inland Empire and in Riverside County, and is located about 55 miles (89 km) east of downtown Los Angeles. It is also part of the Greater Los Angeles area. Riverside is the 58th most populous city in the United States and 12th most populous city in California. As of the 2010 Census, Riverside had a population of 303,871.\nRiverside was founded in the early 1870s. It is the birthplace of the California citrus industry and home of the Mission Inn, the largest Mission Revival Style building in the United States. It is also home to the Riverside National Cemetery.\nThe University of California, Riverside, is located in the northeastern part of the city. The university also hosts the Riverside Sports Complex. Other attractions in Riverside include the Fox Performing Arts Center, Riverside Metropolitan Museum, which houses exhibits and artifacts of local history, the California Museum of Photography, the California Citrus State Historic Park, and the Parent Washington Navel Orange Tree, the last of the two original navel orange trees in California.", "Q294060": "\u00d6d\u00f6n Bodor (born 24 January 1882 in Kapuv\u00e1r \u2013 22 January 1927 in Budapest) was a Hungarian athlete. He competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics in London in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm. He was Jewish.", "Q4793645": "Minnie Joycelyn Elders (born Minnie Lee Jones; August 13, 1933) is an American pediatrician and public health administrator. She was a vice admiral in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and the first African American appointed as Surgeon General of the United States. Elders is best known for her frank discussion of her views on controversial issues such as drug legalization, masturbation, and distributing contraception in schools. She was forced to resign in December 1994 amidst controversy as a result of her views. She is currently a professor emerita of pediatrics at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.\n\n", "Q11028": "Information can be thought of as the resolution of uncertainty; it is that which answers the question of \"what an entity is\" and thus defines both its essence and nature of its characteristics. The concept of information has different meanings in different contexts. Thus the concept becomes related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, education, knowledge, meaning, understanding, mental stimuli, pattern, perception, representation, and entropy.\nInformation is associated with data, as data represents values attributed to parameters, and information is data in context and with meaning attached. Information also relates to knowledge, as knowledge signifies understanding of an abstract or concrete concept.In terms of communication, information is expressed either as the content of a message or through direct or indirect observation. That which is perceived can be construed as a message in its own right, and in that sense, information is always conveyed as the content of a message.\nInformation can be encoded into various forms for transmission and interpretation (for example, information may be encoded into a sequence of signs, or transmitted via a signal). It can also be encrypted for safe storage and communication.\nThe uncertainty of an event is measured by its probability of occurrence and is inversely proportional to that. The more uncertain an event, the more information is required to resolve uncertainty of that event. The bit is a typical unit of information, but other units such as the nat may be used. For example, the information encoded in one \"fair\" coin flip is log2(2/1) = 1 bit, and in two fair coin flips is\nlog2(4/1) = 2 bits.", "Q354250": "Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry, 1st Baronet (27 February 1848 \u2013 7 October 1918) was an English composer, teacher and historian of music.\nParry's first major works appeared in 1880. As a composer he is best known for the choral song \"Jerusalem\", his 1902 setting for the coronation anthem \"I was glad\", the choral and orchestral ode Blest Pair of Sirens, and the hymn tune \"Repton\", which sets the words \"Dear Lord and Father of Mankind\". His orchestral works include five symphonies and a set of Symphonic Variations.\nAfter early attempts to work in insurance, at his father's behest, Parry was taken up by George Grove, first as a contributor to Grove's massive Dictionary of Music and Musicians in the 1870s and 80s, and then in 1883 as professor of composition and musical history at the Royal College of Music, of which Grove was the first head. In 1895 Parry succeeded Grove as head of the college, remaining in the post for the rest of his life. He was concurrently Heather Professor of Music at the University of Oxford from 1900 to 1908. He wrote several books about music and music history, the best-known of which is probably his 1909 study of Johann Sebastian Bach.\nBoth in his lifetime and afterwards, Parry's reputation and critical standing have varied. His academic duties were considerable and prevented him from devoting all his energies to composition, but some contemporaries such as Charles Villiers Stanford rated him as the finest English composer since Henry Purcell; others, such as Frederick Delius, did not. Parry's influence on later composers, by contrast, is widely recognised. Edward Elgar learned much of his craft from Parry's articles in Grove's Dictionary, and among those who studied under Parry at the Royal College were Ralph Vaughan Williams, Gustav Holst, Frank Bridge and John Ireland.", "Q37951": "Sapporo (\u672d\u5e4c\u5e02, Sapporo-shi) is the fifth largest city in Japan, and the largest city on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. It is the capital city of Hokkaido Prefecture and Ishikari Subprefecture. It is an ordinance-designated city. Located in the southwestern part of Hokkaido, Sapporo lies within the alluvial fan of the Toyohira River, a tributary stream of the Ishikari River. \nAs with most of Hokkaido, the area of Sapporo was home to settlements of the indigenous Ainu people. Sapporo was increasingly settled from Japanese migrants in the late 19th century. Sapporo hosted the 1972 Winter Olympics, the first Winter Olympics ever held in Asia, and the Sapporo Dome hosted three games during the 2002 FIFA World Cup and two games during the 2019 Rugby World Cup.\nThe annual Sapporo Snow Festival draws more than 2 million tourists from abroad. The city is served by the New Chitose Airport in nearby Chitose, and is home to Hokkaido University.\n\n", "Q716294": "Jos\u00e9 Vicente Rangel Vale (born 10 July 1929) is a Venezuelan leftist politician. He ran for President three times in the 1970s and 1980s and later supported Hugo Ch\u00e1vez. He served under Ch\u00e1vez as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1999 to 2001, as Minister of Defense from 2001 to 2002, and as Vice President of Venezuela from 2002 to 2007.\n\n", "Q65971": "Sulgen is a municipality in Weinfelden District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q128121": "Sir Michael Philip Jagger (born 26 July 1943) is an English singer, songwriter, actor, and film producer who gained worldwide fame as the lead singer and one of the founder members of the Rolling Stones. Jagger's career has spanned over five decades, and he has been described as \"one of the most popular and influential frontmen in the history of rock & roll\". His distinctive voice and energetic live performances, along with Keith Richards' guitar style, have been the trademark of the Rolling Stones throughout the band's career. Jagger gained press notoriety for his romantic involvements, and was often portrayed as a countercultural figure.\nJagger was born and grew up in Dartford, Kent. He studied at the London School of Economics before abandoning his academic career to join the Rolling Stones. Jagger has written most of the Rolling Stones' songs together with Richards, and they continue to collaborate musically. In the late 1960s, Jagger began acting in films (starting with Performance and Ned Kelly), to a mixed reception. He began a solo career in 1985, releasing his first album, She's the Boss, and joined the electric supergroup SuperHeavy in 2009. Relationships with the Stones' members, particularly Richards, deteriorated during the 1980s, but Jagger has always found more success with the band than with his solo and side projects.\nIn 1989, Jagger was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and in 2004 into the UK Music Hall of Fame with the Rolling Stones. As a member of the Stones, and as a solo artist, he reached number one on the UK and US singles charts with 13 singles, the Top 10 with 32 singles and the Top 40 with 70 singles. In 2003, he was knighted for his services to popular music.\nJagger has been married (and divorced) once, and has also had several other relationships. Jagger has eight children with five women. He also has five grandchildren and became a great-grandfather on 19 May 2014, when his granddaughter Assisi gave birth to daughter Ezra Key. Jagger's net worth has been estimated at $360 million.", "Q1282413": "Sir Stanley Spencer, CBE RA (30 June 1891 \u2013 14 December 1959) was an English painter. Shortly after leaving the Slade School of Art, Spencer became well known for his paintings depicting Biblical scenes occurring as if in Cookham, the small village beside the River Thames where he was born and spent much of his life. Spencer referred to Cookham as \"a village in Heaven\" and in his biblical scenes, fellow-villagers are shown as their Gospel counterparts. Spencer was skilled at organising multi-figure compositions such as in his large paintings for the Sandham Memorial Chapel and the Shipbuilding on the Clyde series, the former being a First World War memorial while the latter was a commission for the War Artists' Advisory Committee during the Second World War.\nAs his career progressed Spencer often produced landscapes for commercial necessity and the intensity of his early visionary years diminished somewhat while elements of eccentricity came more to the fore. Although his compositions became more claustrophobic and his use of colour less vivid he maintained an attention to detail in his paintings akin to that of the Pre-Raphaelites. Spencer's works often express his fervent if unconventional Christian faith. This is especially evident in the scenes that he based in Cookham which show the compassion that he felt for his fellow residents and also his romantic and sexual obsessions. Spencer's works originally provoked great shock and controversy. Nowadays, they still seem stylistic and experimental, while the nude works depicting his futile relationship with his second wife, Patricia Preece, such as the Leg of mutton nude, foreshadow some of the much later works of Lucian Freud. Spencer's early work is regarded as a synthesis of French Post-Impressionism, exemplified for instance by Paul Gauguin, plus early Italian painting typified by Giotto. In later life Spencer remained an independent artist and did not join any of the artistic movements of the period, although he did show three works at the Second Post-Impressionist Exhibition in 1912.", "Q429962": "Bibern was a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 Bibern merged with Altdorf, Hofen, Opfertshofen and Thayngen to form the municipality of Thayngen.", "Q437584": "Quinton Ramone \"Rampage\" Jackson (born June 20, 1978) is an American mixed martial artist, actor and former professional wrestler, currently signed with Bellator MMA. He is a former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion. Due to his eccentric personality and aggressive fighting style, Jackson became a star in Japan during his stint with the Pride FC and following his move to the UFC, he helped pioneer MMA's growth into a worldwide sport.", "Q44767": "Josef Erich Zawinul (7 July 1932 \u2013 11 September 2007) was an Austrian jazz keyboardist and composer. First coming to prominence with saxophonist Cannonball Adderley, Zawinul went on to play with Miles Davis and to become one of the creators of jazz fusion, a musical genre that combined jazz with rock. He co-founded the groups Weather Report and The Zawinul Syndicate. He pioneered the use of electric piano and synthesizer, and was named \"Best Electric Keyboardist\" twenty-eight times by the readers of Down Beat magazine.", "Q90250": "Eva Geiringer Schloss, MBE (born 11 May 1929) is an Austrian-English holocaust survivor memoirist and stepdaughter of Otto Frank, the father of Margot and diarist Anne Frank. Schloss speaks widely of her family's experiences during the Holocaust and is a participant in the USC Shoah Foundation's Visual History Archive project to record video answers to be used in educational tools.", "Q32829": "William Henry Giles Kingston (28 February 1814 \u2013 5 August 1880), often credited as W. H. G. Kingston, was an English writer of boys' adventure novels.", "Q366584": "George Harvey Strait Sr. (born May 18, 1952) is an American country music singer, songwriter, actor, and music producer. George Strait is known as the \"King of Country\" and is considered one of the most influential and popular recording artists of all time. He is known for his neotraditionalist country style, cowboy look, and being one of the first and most prominent country artists to bring country music back to its roots and away from the pop country era in the 1980s.\nStrait's success began when his first single \"Unwound\" was a hit in 1981. During the 1980s, seven of his albums reached number one on the country charts. In the 2000s, Strait was named Artist of the Decade by the Academy of Country Music, was elected into the Country Music Hall of Fame, and won his first Grammy award for the album Troubadour. Strait was named CMA Entertainer of the Year in 1989, 1990 and 2013, and ACM Entertainer of the Year in 1990 and 2014. He has been nominated for more CMA and ACM awards and has more wins in both categories than any other artist.\nBy 2009, he broke Conway Twitty's previous record for the most number-one hits on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart when his 44 number one singles surpassed Twitty's 40. Counting all music charts, Strait has amassed a total of 60 number-one hits, breaking a record also previously set by Twitty, giving him more number one songs than any other artist in any genre of music.Strait is also known for his touring career when he designed a 360-degree configuration and introduced festival style tours. For example, the Strait Tours earned $99 million in three years. His concert at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in June 2014 drew 104,793 people, marking a new record for largest indoor concert in North America.Strait has sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. His certifications from the RIAA include 13 multi-platinum, 33 platinum, and 38 gold albums. His best-selling album is Pure Country (1992), which sold 6 million (6\u00d7 platinum). His highest certified album is Strait Out of the Box (1995), which sold 2 million copies (8\u00d7 Platinum due to being a box set with four CDs). According to the RIAA, Strait is the 12th best-selling album recording artist in the United States overall.", "Q715945": "Petar Ko\u010di\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u0447\u0438\u045b; 29 June 1877 \u2013 27 August 1916) was a Bosnian Serb writer, activist and politician. Born in rural northwestern Bosnia in the final days of Ottoman rule, Ko\u010di\u0107 began writing around the turn of the twentieth century, first poetry and then prose. While a university student, he became politically active and began agitating for agrarian reforms within Bosnia and Herzegovina, which had been occupied by Austria-Hungary following the Ottomans' withdrawal in 1878. Other reforms that Ko\u010di\u0107 demanded were freedom of the press and freedom of assembly, which were denied under Austria-Hungary.\nIn 1902, Ko\u010di\u0107 published his first short story collection. He published two more short story collections in 1904 and 1905, and subsequently adapted one of his most successful short stories, The Badger on Trial, for the stage. Ko\u010di\u0107 subsequently led several demonstrations in Sarajevo and was imprisoned on three occasions for publishing newspaper tracts critical of Habsburg rule. He spent the majority of his imprisonment in solitary confinement, which contributed to his development of depression. In 1909, Ko\u010di\u0107 was released as part of a general amnesty. The following year, he published his third and final short story collection, and won a seat in the newly created Bosnian Parliament (Sabor), where he became the leader of a faction of anti-Austrian Serb nationalists. He lobbied for increased concessions to Bosnian Serb peasants and farmers, agitating against the Austro-Hungarians as well as the Bosnian Muslim landowning class. He left the Sabor in 1913, citing mental exhaustion; in January 1914, Ko\u010di\u0107 was admitted into a Belgrade mental hospital, where he died two years later.\nKo\u010di\u0107 was one of the most important Bosnian Serb politicians of the Austro-Hungarian era, as well as one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most important twentieth-century playwrights. He was noted for his fiery temperament and sharp wit, which he frequently deployed against the Austro-Hungarian authorities. Ko\u010di\u0107's works not only influenced an entire generation of Bosnian-Herzegovinian intellectuals, such as the future Nobel laureate Ivo Andri\u0107, but also the Serbian and Yugoslav nationalist movements, as well as the Bosnian autonomist and Yugoslav communist movements. Numerous streets in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia carry his name and his likeness has appeared on Bosnian 100 KM banknotes since 1998.", "Q669332": "M\u00fcswangen is a municipality in the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2009, it has been part of the municipality of Hitzkirch.", "Q926000": "Jean Duvignaud (22 February 1921 \u2013 17 February 2007) was a French novelist, sociologist and anthropologist. He was born in La Rochelle, Charente-Maritime, on February 22, 1921.\nDuvignaud was a secondary school teacher first at Abbeville, then at \u00c9tampes (1947\u20131956), where he taught Georges Perec. After submitting his doctoral thesis, he taught at the University of Tours. In 1972, he founded the magazine Cause commune with Georges Perec and Paul Virilio. For a time he was in a relationship with Clara Malraux, the ex-wife of novelist Andr\u00e9 Malraux.language\nHe died (aged 85) in La Rochelle on February 17, 2007.", "Q167636": "Farah Khan Kunder (born 9 January 1965), n\u00e9e Farah Khan, is an Indian film director, film producer, actress, dancer and choreographer best known for her choreographic dance work in numerous Bollywood films. She has choreographed dance routines for more than a hundred songs in over 80 Hindi films, winning six Filmfare Awards for Best Choreography and the National Film Award for Best Choreography. In addition, she has worked on international projects, such as Marigold: An Adventure in India, Monsoon Wedding, Bombay Dreams and the Chinese films Perhaps Love and Kung Fu Yoga, earning Tony Award and Golden Horse Award nominations. She has since become a film director as well, with a Filmfare Best Director Award nomination for her directorial debut Main Hoon Na.", "Q146820": "Malbork ([\u02c8malb\u0254rk] (listen); German: Marienburg, [ma\u02c8\u0281i\u02d0\u0259nb\u028a\u0281k] (listen); Latin: Civitas Beatae Virginis) is a town in northern Poland in the \u017bu\u0142awy region (Vistula delta), with 38,478 inhabitants (2006). Situated in the Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, it was previously assigned to Elbl\u0105g Voivodeship (1975\u20131998). It is the capital of Malbork County.\nFounded in the 13th century by the Knights of the Teutonic Order, the town is noted for its medieval Malbork Castle, built in the 13th Century as the Order's headquarters, which was also the seat of the early modern Polish province of Royal Prussia.", "Q291118": "Ado Endo (\u9060\u85e4 \u3042\u3069, End\u014d Ado, November 6, 1973) is a Japanese actress best known from her work on SeraMyu. She is the longest performing actress in the Sailor Moon musicals, portraying many background characters, such as Sailor Theta and Sailor Lead Crow", "Q426489": "Maria Antoinette \"Mies\" Bouwman (31 December 1929 \u2013 26 February 2018) was a Dutch television presenter.\n\n", "Q99512": "Fritz Tarnow (April 13, 1880 in Bad Oeynhausen, Province of Westphalia \u2013 October 23, 1951) was an important Social Democrat trade unionists and Reichstag deputy during the Weimar Republic.\nTarnow was the son of a carpenter and attended elementary school in Hanover, where he also became a carpenter's apprentice. He then became a journeyman and traveled throughout Germany. He worked until 1906 as a carpenter, and in the years 1901 to 1906, he was also a board member of the Rastatt, Oos, Bonn and Berlin branches of the Deutscher Holzarbeiterverband. Then he worked until 1908 as a literary and statistical assistant in the main office of the Wood Workers Association in Stuttgart. In 1909, he graduated from the central school of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in Berlin. From 1909 to 1919, Tarnow was then head of the Literary Agents (Press Office) in the main office of the Wood Workers Association in Berlin. In addition, from 1909 to 1915, he was a community representative, a member of the district assembly and a board member of the SPD in Berlin-Friedrichshagen.\nTarnow fought in the First World War and was severely wounded, causing lasting injury. During the November Revolution, Tarnow was a member of the Workers and Soldiers Council in Brandenburg an der Havel. He became secretary of the Wood Workers Association, later serving as chairman from 1920 to 1933. He was one of the leading figures in the national executive of the Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, a German trade union confederation. In the latter half of the 1920s, he was one of the main proponents of Fritz Naphtali's concept of economic democracy. He was briefly secretary of the International Woodworkers Association. In addition, from 1920 to 1933, he was a member of the provisional Reichswirtschaftsrat. He was also the leader of the Society for Social Reform and German Werkbund. In 1928, he joined the Reichstag as a member for the SPD.\nAfter Adolf Hitler's rise to power in early 1933 and the dismantling of the trade unions, Tarnow was arrested on 2 May. Hans Staudinger, who had been a State Secretary in the Prussian Ministry of Trade until the Preu\u00dfenschlag, succeeded in obtaining Tarnow's release from Gestapo custody. Staudinger impersonated a senior Prussian officer and ordered Tarnow's release. After his release, he immediately left the country, and fled first to the Netherlands, then Denmark and finally, Sweden. There, he tried to rebuild the trade unions in exile. \nHe returned to West Germany in 1946 and was the secretary of the W\u00fcrttemberg and Baden Trade Union Confederation in 1946 and 1947. From 1947 to 1949, he was secretary of the union council of Bizone and then the Trizone. He retired in 1949, but continued as a lecturer at the Academy of work in Frankfurt.", "Q217427": "La Toya Yvonne Jackson (born May 29, 1956) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, businesswoman and television personality. The fifth and middle child of the Jackson family, Jackson first gained recognition on the family's variety television series, The Jacksons, on CBS between 1976 and 1977. Thereafter, she saw success as a solo recording artist under multiple record labels in the 1980s and 1990s, including Polydor, Sony Music and RCA, where she released nine studio albums over the course of fifteen years. Her most successful releases in the United States were her self-titled debut album (1980) and the 1984 single \"Heart Don't Lie\". Jackson's other songs include \"If You Feel the Funk\", \"Bet'cha Gonna Need My Lovin'\", \"Hot Potato\", \"You're Gonna Get Rocked!\" and \"Sexbox\". Another one of Jackson's songs, \"Just Say No\" from her fifth album was composed for US first lady Nancy Reagan and Reagan administration's anti-drug campaign.\nJackson posed for Playboy magazine in 1989 and again in 1991 to promote her New York Times Best Seller La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family. In 1992, Jackson signed a contract with the Moulin Rouge to star in the successful Paris revue, Formidable. \nDespite subsequent musical success, Jackson's recording career began its decline in the 1990s as a result of her controversial marriage to entertainment manager Jack Gordon, whom she divorced in 1997. After a period of public seclusion, she returned to the music industry in 2004 with the singles \"Just Wanna Dance\", \"Home\" and \"Free the World\", which saw success on the Hot Dance Club Play chart in the United States. In 2011, she was a contestant on the fourth installment of The Celebrity Apprentice and released an extended play, Starting Over, which is her most recent release to date. From 2013 to 2014, Jackson appeared in her own reality television series on the Oprah Winfrey Network, Life with La Toya, which aired for two seasons.\n\n", "Q132151": "Ethnography is defined as an illuminative account of social life and culture in a particular social system based on multiple detailed observations of what people actually do in the social setting being observed. Ethnographers use both qualitative and quantitative research methods when studying specific groups, communities or institutions that form a part of a larger complex society. Examples of societal subgroups that ethnologists study are gangs, organizations, communities, or cults.\nEthnography entails examining the behaviour of the participants in a given social situation and also understanding group members' own interpretation of such behaviour. Dewan (2018) further elaborates that this behaviour may be shaped by the constraints the participants feel because of the situations they are in or by the society in which they belong. Ethnography, as the presentation of empirical data on human societies and cultures, was pioneered in the biological, social, and cultural branches of anthropology, but it has also become popular in the social sciences in general\u2014sociology, communication studies, history\u2014wherever people study ethnic groups, formations, compositions, resettlements, social welfare characteristics, materiality, spirituality, and a people's ethnogenesis. The typical ethnography is a holistic study and so includes a brief history, and an analysis of the terrain, the climate, and the habitat. In all cases, it should be reflexive, make a substantial contribution toward the understanding of the social life of humans, have an aesthetic impact on the reader, and express a credible reality. An ethnography records all observed behavior and describes all symbol-meaning relations, using concepts that avoid causal explanations. Traditionally, ethnography was focussed on the western gaze towards the far 'exotic' east, but now researchers are undertaking ethnography in their own social environment. According to Dewan (2018), even if we are the other, the \u2018another\u2019 or the \u2018native\u2019, we are still \u2018another\u2019 because there are many facades of ourselves that connect us to people and other facades that highlight our differences.\n\n", "Q66288": "Rudolf Bahro (November 18, 1935 \u2013 December 5, 1997) was a dissident from East Germany who, since his death, has been recognised as a philosopher, political figure and author. Bahro was a leader of the West German party The Greens, but became disenchanted with its political organization, left the party and explored spiritual approaches to sustainability.\n\n", "Q46158": "Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively. The meaning of the term humanism has fluctuated according to the successive intellectual movements which have identified with it. The term was coined by theologian Friedrich Niethammer at the beginning of the 19th century to refer to a system of education based on the study of classical literature (\"classical humanism\"). Generally, however, humanism refers to a perspective that affirms some notion of human freedom and progress. It views humans as solely responsible for the promotion and development of individuals and emphasizes a concern for man in relation to the world.In modern times, humanist movements are typically non-religious movements aligned with secularism, and today humanism may refer to a nontheistic life stance centred on human agency and looking to science rather than revelation from a supernatural source to understand the world.", "Q837657": "The West University of Timi\u0219oara (Romanian: Universitatea de Vest din Timi\u0219oara; abbreviated UVT) is a university located in Timi\u0219oara, Romania. Established in 1962, it is organized in 11 faculties. Classified as a research and education university by the Ministry of Education, it is one of the five members of the Universitaria Consortium (the group of elite Romanian universities). The West University is an institution of the National System of Research, Development and Innovation in its capacity as an accredited higher education institution.", "Q1086829": "Vicente Boluda Fos (born 31 March 1955 in Valencia, Spain) is the president of Aguas de Valencia and former president of Spanish sports club Real Madrid.", "Q315542": "George Horace Gallup (November 18, 1901 \u2013 July 26, 1984) was an American pioneer of survey sampling techniques and inventor of the Gallup poll, a successful statistical method of survey sampling for measuring public opinion.", "Q454989": "Hala Basha-Gorani (born 1 March 1970) is an American journalist working as an anchor and correspondent for CNN International, based in London. She currently anchors CNN's Hala Gorani Tonight weeknights at 8 p.m. CET. Gorani co-hosted Your World Today with Jim Clancy until February 2009 and then International Desk until April 2014 from CNN's Atlanta headquarters.", "Q3251": "Elisha Edward Meredith (December 26, 1848 \u2013 July 29, 1900) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia.", "Q105925": "Gundi Ellert (born September 8, 1951 in Lengenfeld, East Germany) is a German television actress.", "Q4027187": "Joseph \"Yossi\" Vardi (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9 \u05d5\u05e8\u05d3\u05d9\u200e, born September 2, 1942) is an Israeli entrepreneur and investor. He is one of Israel's first high-tech entrepreneurs. For over 47 years he has founded and helped to build over 85 high-tech companies in a variety of fields, among them software, energy, Internet, mobile, electro-optics and water technology.", "Q37979": "Akihito (\u660e\u4ec1, Japanese: [aki\u00e7i\u0325to], English: (listen) or ; born 23 December 1933) is a member of the Imperial House of Japan who reigned as the 125th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession, from 7 January 1989 until 30 April 2019, Heisei era. He succeeded to the Chrysanthemum Throne upon the death of his father, Emperor Showa (Hirohito). Upon his abdication due to his age and declining health, he became Emperor Emeritus. He was succeeded by his elder son, Naruhito.", "Q4845168": "John Peder Ditlev-Simonsen (October 18, 1898 \u2013 January 10, 2001) was a Norwegian sailor who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1936 he won the silver medal as crew member of the Norwegian boat Silja in the 8 metre class event.During the Second World War Ditlev-Simonsen was amongst a number of prominent Norwegians arrested as hostages by the Germans during their occupation of Norway. Following his arrest on 26 April 1943 he was transferred to Grini concentration camp two days later and given prisoner number 7449, being released on 5 May 1945. His brother Olaf was also arrested and held as a hostage by the Germans.", "Q130746": "Agust\u00edn Garc\u00eda Calvo (October 15, 1926 \u2013 November 1, 2012) was a Spanish philologist, philosopher, poet and playwright.", "Q875464": "Higashi-ku (\u6771\u533a) is one of the five wards of Kumamoto City, Japan. Meaning literally \"east ward,\" it is bordered by the Kita-ku, Ch\u016b\u014d-ku, Minami-ku and also by the towns of Kikuy\u014d, Mashiki and Kashima. As of 2012, it has a population of 188,546 people and an area of 50.32 km2.", "Q296887": "Alfred Thomas Highmore (born 14 February 1992) is an English actor. He made his debut in the comedy film Women Talking Dirty (1999). He is known for his starring roles in the films Finding Neverland (2004), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), August Rush (2007), and The Spiderwick Chronicles (2008). He won two consecutive Critics' Choice Movie Awards for Best Young Performer.\nHighmore starred as Norman Bates in the drama-thriller series Bates Motel (2013\u20132017), for which he was nominated three times for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series and won a People's Choice Award. In 2017, Highmore began producing and starring as Dr. Shaun Murphy in the ABC drama series The Good Doctor, for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor.", "Q128109": "The Chicago Bulls are an American professional basketball team based in Chicago. The Bulls compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Central Division. The team was founded on January 16, 1966 and played its first game during the 1966\u201367 NBA season. The Bulls play their home games at the United Center, an arena on Chicago's West Side shared with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).\nThe Bulls saw their greatest success during the 1990s when they played a major part in popularizing the NBA worldwide. They are known for having one of the NBA's greatest dynasties, winning six NBA championships between 1991 and 1998 with two three-peats. All six of their championship teams were led by Hall of Famers Michael Jordan, Scottie Pippen and coach Phil Jackson. The Bulls are the only NBA franchise to win multiple championships while never losing an NBA Finals series in their history.\nThe Bulls won 72 games during the 1995\u201396 NBA season, setting an NBA record that stood until the Golden State Warriors won 73 games during the 2015\u201316 NBA season. The Bulls were the first team in NBA history to win 70 games or more in a single season, and the only NBA franchise to do so until the 2015\u201316 Warriors.Michael Jordan and Derrick Rose have both won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award while playing for the Bulls, for a total of six MVP awards.\nThe Bulls share rivalries with the Cleveland Cavaliers, Detroit Pistons, Miami Heat and the New York Knicks. The Bulls' rivalry with the Pistons was highlighted heavily during the late 1980s and early 1990s.", "Q65959": "Untersch\u00e4chen is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland, situated in the upper Sch\u00e4chental.", "Q722119": "Jos\u00e9 Ribamar Ferreira (September 10, 1930 \u2013 December 4, 2016), known by his pen name Ferreira Gullar, was a Brazilian poet, playwright, essayist, art critic, and television writer. In 1959, he was instrumental in the formation of the Neo-Concrete Movement.", "Q466085": "Erik Philip Paulsen (born May 14, 1965) is an American politician who represented Minnesota's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 2009 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, he served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1995 to 2009 and as majority leader from 2003 to 2007. In his 2018 reelection bid he was defeated by the Democratic nominee, businessman Dean Phillips.", "Q298672": "Justin Jacob Long (born June 2, 1978) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and director known for roles in such films as Jeepers Creepers (2001), Dodgeball (2004), Accepted (2006), Alvin and the Chipmunks (2007), Live Free or Die Hard (2007), Drag Me to Hell (2009), Alpha and Omega (2010), Tusk (2014), Comet (2014) and The Lookalike (2014). He played Brandon St. Randy in the films Galaxy Quest (1999), Zack and Miri Make a Porno (2008) and Jay and Silent Bob Reboot (2019), Warren P. Cheswick on the NBC TV series Ed and appeared with John Hodgman in TV commercials for Apple's \"Get a Mac\". He hosted the Disney+ original series Shop Class.", "Q89729": "Paul Thymich or Thiemich (17 June 1656, Gro\u00dfenhain \u2013 1694, Leipzig) was a German poet.", "Q1446": "Caracalla ( KARR-\u0259-KAL-\u0259; Latin: Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus; 4 April 188 \u2013 8 April 217), formally known as Antoninus (Ancient Greek: \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2), ruled as Roman emperor from 198 to 217 AD. He was a member of the Severan dynasty, the elder son of Septimius Severus and Julia Domna. Co-ruler with his father from 198, he continued to rule with his brother Geta, emperor from 209, after their father's death in 211. His brother was murdered by the Praetorian Guard later that year, supposedly under orders from Caracalla himself, who then reigned afterwards as sole ruler of the Roman Empire. Caracalla's reign featured domestic instability and external invasions by the Germanic peoples.\nCaracalla's reign became notable for the Antonine Constitution (Latin: Constitutio Antoniniana), also known as the Edict of Caracalla, which granted Roman citizenship to all free men throughout the Roman Empire. The edict gave all the enfranchised men Caracalla's adopted praenomen and nomen: \"Marcus Aurelius\". Domestically, Caracalla became known for the construction of the Baths of Caracalla, which became the second-largest baths in Rome; for the introduction of a new Roman currency named the antoninianus, a sort of double denarius; and for the massacres he enacted against the people of Rome and elsewhere in the empire. In 216, Caracalla began a campaign against the Parthian Empire. He did not see this campaign through to completion due to his assassination by a disaffected soldier in 217. Macrinus succeeded him as emperor three days later.\nThe ancient sources portray Caracalla as a tyrant and as a cruel leader, an image that has survived into modernity. Dio Cassius (c. 155 \u2013 c. 235) and Herodian (c. 170 \u2013 c. 240) present Caracalla as a soldier first and an emperor second. In the 12th century, Geoffrey of Monmouth started the legend of Caracalla's role as the king of Britain. Later, in the 18th century, the works of French painters revived images of Caracalla due to apparent parallels between Caracalla's tyranny and that ascribed to Louis XVI of France (r. 1774\u20131792). Modern works continue to portray Caracalla as an evil ruler, painting him as one of the most tyrannical of all Roman emperors.", "Q91166": "Friedrich Benedikt Wilhelm von Hermann (5 December 1795 \u2013 23 November 1868) was a German economist and statistician.", "Q65781": "Berg am Irchel is a municipality in the district of Andelfingen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q512076": "Asian Kung-Fu Generation (\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u30f3\u30fb\u30ab\u30f3\u30d5\u30fc\u30fb\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3, Ajian Kanf\u016b Jener\u0113shon, stylized as ASIAN KUNG-FU GENERATION) is a Japanese alternative rock band formed in Yokohama, Japan, in 1996. For its entire career, the band has consisted of vocalist Masafumi Gotoh, guitarist Kensuke Kita, bassist Takahiro Yamada, and drummer Kiyoshi Ijichi. Starting out as a college band, Asian Kung-Fu Generation released a series of independent EPs featuring lyrics mostly sung in English. In 2002, they released their major-label EP debut H\u014dkai Amplifier, from that point singing their lyrics in Japanese. The band's musical style is influenced by seminal Western alternative rock acts as well as their own local Japanese indie-rock and punk scene. Their songs incorporate various aspects of the genres, most typically expressing fast tempos and prominent power chord guitar riffs in addition to rhythmic groove and emotional lyrics. Despite the indie nature of their music, the band has enjoyed worldwide commercial success in addition to critical acclaim. Asian Kung-Fu Generation has been cited as one of the best, most balanced modern rock bands to emerge from Japan in the 2000s.", "Q1632669": "N. U. Unruh (born Andrew Chudy on June 9, 1957, in New York City, U.S.) is a German musician, experimental percussionist, and instruments inventor, probably best known for his work with German music group Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten.", "Q274802": "Violet Blue is an American journalist, author, editor, advisor, and educator. Blue wrote a weekly sex column for the San Francisco Chronicle until 2010. In her podcast, Open Source Sex, she reads erotica and discusses topics such as fetishes and oral sex. She also has a video blog. She lectures at San Francisco Sex Information. Blue is the author of several books on sex and has edited several volumes of erotica anthologies. Her first book, an erotic anthology she edited, was titled Sweet Life: Erotic Fantasies for Couples. It was published in December 2001 by Cleis Press.", "Q111788": "Vampire Circus is a 1972 British horror film directed by Robert Young and starring Adrienne Corri, Thorley Walters and Anthony Higgins (billed as Anthony Corlan). It was written by Judson Kinberg, and produced by Wilbur Stark and Michael Carreras (who was uncredited) for Hammer Film Productions. The story concerns a travelling circus, the vampiric artists of which prey on the children of a 19th-century Serbian village. It was filmed at Pinewood Studios.", "Q1066063": "Charles Shaw (born July 4, 1960) is an American rapper and singer who, in 1988, performed on recordings credited to Milli Vanilli.", "Q245407": "Richard David Bach (born June 23, 1936) is an American writer widely known as the author of some of the 1970s' biggest sellers, including Jonathan Livingston Seagull (1970) and Illusions: The Adventures of a Reluctant Messiah (1977). Bach has written numerous works of fiction, and also non-fiction flight-related titles.\nMost of Bach's books have been semi-autobiographical, using actual or fictionalized events from his life to illustrate his philosophy. Bach's books espouse his philosophy that our apparent physical limits and mortality are merely appearance. Bach is noted for his love of aviation and for his books related to flying in a metaphorical context. Bach has pursued flying as a hobby since the age of 17. In late August 2012, Bach was badly injured when on approach to landing at Friday Harbor, Washington, his aircraft clipped some power lines and crashed upside down in a field.\n\n", "Q2019481": "Pearl Jam Twenty (also known as PJ20) is a 2011 American documentary directed by Cameron Crowe about the band Pearl Jam. Preliminary footage was being shot as of June 2010. Crowe completed filming in April 2011, after using 12,000 hours of footage of the band for the documentary. The film premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival and also had an accompanying book and soundtrack.The documentary charts the history of the band, from the demise of Mother Love Bone, their battle against Ticketmaster and the tragedy of the Roskilde Festival in 2000.The film was presented theatrically at select cinemas in the US during the month of September 2011, and premiered on October 21, 2011 on PBS' American Masters. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 24, 2011. A book, written by Jonathan Cohen, was published concurrent to the film's release.", "Q106592": "Sabine Az\u00e9ma (born 20 September 1949) is a French stage and film actress and director. \nBorn in Paris, she graduated from the Paris Conservatory of Dramatic Arts.", "Q356309": "Frederick Martin MacMurray (August 30, 1908 \u2013 November 5, 1991) was an American actor and singer who appeared in more than 100 films and a successful television series during a career that spanned nearly a half-century, from 1930 to the 1970s.\nHis career as a major movie leading man began in 1935 but MacMurray is best known for his role in the 1944 film noir Double Indemnity directed by Billy Wilder, in which he starred with Barbara Stanwyck and Edward G. Robinson. As he grew older, he performed in numerous Disney films, including The Absent-Minded Professor, The Happiest Millionaire, and The Shaggy Dog. In 1960, MacMurray turned to television in the role of Steve Douglas, the widowed patriarch on My Three Sons, which ran on ABC from 1960 to 1965 and then on CBS from 1965 to 1972, a twelve-year span during which MacMurray's scenes were filmed together for three months every season so that he could take the rest of the year off.", "Q1965472": "Narvel Felts (born November 11, 1938 in Keiser, Arkansas) is an American country music, rockabilly singer. Known for his soaring tenor and high falsetto, Felts enjoyed his greatest success during the 1970s, most famously 1975's \"Reconsider Me\".", "Q307620": "Heart of a Dog (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u044c\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435, translit. Sobachye serdtse) is a black-and-white 1988 Soviet television film directed by Vladimir Bortko. It is based on Mikhail Bulgakov's novel Heart of a Dog.", "Q1320": "Jorge Montt \u00c1lvarez (American Spanish: [\u02c8xo\u027exe m\u00f5nd\u02d0]; April 26, 1845 \u2013 October 8, 1922) was a vice admiral in the Chilean Navy and president of Chile from 1891 to 1896.", "Q45337": "Ernst von Wildenbruch (3 February 1845 \u2013 15 January 1909) was a German poet and dramatist.", "Q3026558": "Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr. (September 22, 1912 \u2013 November 12, 1999) was a member of the prominent Vanderbilt family, a son of the first Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, who died a hero in the sinking of the RMS Lusitania. His mother, Margaret Emerson (daughter of the Bromo-Seltzer inventor Isaac Edward Emerson), was one of America's wealthiest women and most sought-after hostesses, operating at least seven large estates around the country. His grandfather, Cornelius Vanderbilt II, had been one of America's most revered businessmen; his great-grandfather, William Henry Vanderbilt had been the richest man in the world. \"Commodore\" Cornelius Vanderbilt started the family fortune in shipping and railroads as the founder of the New York Central Railroad and builder of Grand Central Depot (built 1869\u20131871 on Manhattan Island in New York, outside and to the north of the then city limits of New York City), the precursor to Grand Central Terminal, built on approximately the same location, and completed by Cornelius II in 1913.", "Q62950": "E. Marlitt is the pseudonym of Eugenie John (December 5, 1825 \u2013 1887), a popular German novelist.", "Q1077608": "Christopher Ofili, (born 10 October 1968) is a British Turner Prize-winning painter who is best known for his paintings incorporating elephant dung. He was one of the Young British Artists. Since 2005, Ofili has been living and working in Trinidad and Tobago, where he currently resides in Port of Spain. He also lives and works in London and Brooklyn.Ofili has utilized resin, beads, oil paint, glitter, lumps of elephant dung, cut-outs from porn magazines as painting elements. His work has been classified as \"punk art.\"", "Q192481": "Talence is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.\nIt is the third-largest suburb of the city of Bordeaux, and is adjacent to it on the south side. It is a member of the metropolitan Urban Community of Bordeaux.\nTalence is the home of D\u00e9castar, a prestigious yearly international decathlon event.\nIn Talence, there are different universities : Bordeaux University, Architecture School of Bordeaux, KEDGE Business School.", "Q109879": "Arthur Heinrich Rudolph Johnson Hobrecht (14 August 1824 \u2013 7 July 1912) was a German liberal politician, mayor of Breslau (Wroc\u0142aw) and Berlin. Hobrecht served as Prussian minister of Finances under Otto von Bismarck and was a member of the Prussian House of Representatives and the German Parliament.", "Q215556": "Paul Abraham Dukas (French: [dykas]; 1 October 1865 \u2013 17 May 1935) was a French composer, critic, scholar and teacher. A studious man, of retiring personality, he was intensely self-critical, and he abandoned and destroyed many of his compositions. His best known work is the orchestral piece The Sorcerer's Apprentice (L'apprenti sorcier), the fame of which has eclipsed that of his other surviving works. Among these are the opera Ariane et Barbe-bleue, his Symphony in C and Piano Sonata in E-flat minor, the Variations, Interlude and Finale on a Theme by Rameau (for solo piano), and a ballet, La P\u00e9ri.\nAt a time when French musicians were divided into conservative and progressive factions, Dukas adhered to neither but retained the admiration of both. His compositions were influenced by composers including Beethoven, Berlioz, Franck, d'Indy and Debussy.\nIn tandem with his composing career, Dukas worked as a music critic, contributing regular reviews to at least five French journals. Later in his life he was appointed professor of composition at the Conservatoire de Paris and the \u00c9cole Normale de Musique; his pupils included Maurice Durufl\u00e9, Olivier Messiaen, Manuel Ponce, and Joaqu\u00edn Rodrigo.", "Q909975": "Brentwood is a neighborhood in the Westside of Los Angeles, California.", "Q182692": "Apocalypse Now is a 1979 American epic war film directed, produced and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Marlon Brando, Robert Duvall, Martin Sheen, Frederic Forrest, Albert Hall, Sam Bottoms, Laurence Fishburne, Harrison Ford, and Dennis Hopper. The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius and narration written by Michael Herr, was loosely based on the 1899 novella Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. The setting was changed from late 19th-century Congo to the Vietnam War. The film follows a river journey from South Vietnam into Cambodia undertaken by Captain Benjamin L. Willard (a character based on Conrad's Marlow and played by Sheen), who is on a secret mission to assassinate Colonel Kurtz (Brando, with the character being based on Conrad's Mr. Kurtz), a renegade Army Special Forces officer accused of murder and who is presumed insane.\nMilius became interested in adapting Heart of Darkness for a Vietnam War setting, and initially began developing the film with Coppola as producer and George Lucas as director. After Lucas became unavailable, Coppola took over directoral control, and was influenced by Werner Herzog's Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972) in his approach to the material. Initially set to be a five-month shoot, the film became noted for the problems encountered while making it for over a year, as chronicled in the documentary Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse (1991). These problems included Brando arriving on the set overweight and completely unprepared, expensive sets being destroyed by severe weather and Sheen having a breakdown and suffering a near-fatal heart attack while on location. Problems continued after production as the release was postponed several times while Coppola edited over a million feet of film.Apocalypse Now was honored with the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, where it premiered unfinished before it was finally released on August 15, 1979, by United Artists. The film performed well at the box office, grossing $78 million domestically and going on to gross over $150 million worldwide. Initial reviews were mixed; while Vittorio Storaro's cinematography was widely acclaimed, several critics found Coppola's handling of the story's major themes to be anticlimactic and intellectually disappointing. Apocalypse Now is today considered to be one of the greatest films ever made. It was nominated for eight Academy Awards at the 52nd Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director (Coppola), and Best Supporting Actor for Duvall, and went on to win for Best Cinematography and Best Sound. It ranked No. 14 in Sight & Sound's greatest films poll in 2012, and No. 6 in the Director's Poll of greatest films of all time. Roger Ebert also included it in his top 10 list of greatest films ever in 2012. In 2000, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\".", "Q459513": "Jean-Joseph Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Albert Farre (15 May 1816, Valence \u2013 24 March 1887, Paris) was a French general and statesman.\n\n", "Q43746": "Bonaventure ( BON-\u0259-ven-ch\u0259r, -\u2060VEN-; Italian: Bonaventura [\u02ccb\u0254naven\u02c8tu\u02d0ra]; 1221 \u2013 15 July 1274), born Giovanni di Fidanza, was an Italian medieval Franciscan, scholastic theologian and philosopher. The seventh Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor, he was also Cardinal Bishop of Albano. He was canonised on 14 April 1482 by Pope Sixtus IV and declared a Doctor of the Church in the year 1588 by Pope Sixtus V. He is known as the \"Seraphic Doctor\" (Latin: Doctor Seraphicus). Many writings believed in the Middle Ages to be his are now collected under the name Pseudo-Bonaventure.\n\n", "Q721376": "Robert John Burck (born December 23, 1970), better known as the Naked Cowboy, is an American actor, singer, songwriter, writer and street performer who sings in New York City's Times Square. He wears only cowboy boots, a hat, and white briefs, with a guitar strategically placed to give the illusion of nudity.\nOn October 6, 2010, Burck formally announced that he was running for President of the United States in the 2012 U.S. election as a candidate representing the U.S. Tea Party movement.", "Q211730": "Evanna Patricia Lynch, (born 16 August 1991) is an Irish actress, activist, voice actress and narrator. She rose to prominence for her role as Luna Lovegood in the Harry Potter film series, appearing in the last four films and their tie-in video games, as well as in the musical A Very Potter Senior Year. As an activist, Lynch focuses on veganism and animal rights. She has been involved in many non-profit campaigns and launched both a vegan-themed podcast and the cruelty-free cosmetics brand Kinder Beauty Box.", "Q48613": "Paul Kalkbrenner (German pronunciation: [pa\u028a\u032fl \u02c8kalkbr\u025bn\u0250]) (born 11 June 1977) is a German musician, producer of electronic music and actor. Because he breaks down his tracks into elements that are reassembled onstage, Kalkbrenner is considered a live act, as opposed to a DJ. He is most known for his single \"Sky and Sand\", which sold over 200,000 copies, went platinum, and was highly charted in countries such as Belgium and Germany. He is also known for portraying the main character Ickarus in the movie Berlin Calling, written and directed by Hannes St\u00f6hr, which ran for several years at Kino Central in Berlin.", "Q172213": "Mehmet Ismail Shehu (January 10, 1913 \u2013 December 17, 1981) was an Albanian communist politician who served as the 23rd Prime Minister of Albania from 1954 to 1981. As an acknowledged military tactician, without whose leadership the communist partisans may well have failed in their battle to win Albania for the Marxist-Leninist cause, Shehu exhibited an ideological understanding and work ethic that singled him out for rapid promotion in the communist party. Mehmet Shehu shared power with Enver Hoxha from the end of the Second World War. According to official Albanian government sources, he committed suicide on December 17, 1981, after which the entire Shehu clan (his wife, Fiqirete Shehu Sanxhaktari, sons and other of his relatives) were arrested and imprisoned while Mehmet Shehu himself was denounced as \"one of the most dangerous traitors and enemies of his country\". Persistent rumors remain, however, that Shehu was actually murdered on orders from Hoxha.", "Q113821": "Simon von Sina or Simon Sinas (Greek: \u03a3\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03a3\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2; 1810\u20131876) was an Austrian banker, aristocrat, benefactor and diplomat of Greek origin.", "Q3666327": "\u00c9mile Charles Achard (24 July 1860 \u2013 7 August 1944) was a French internist born in Paris.In Paris, he served as m\u00e9decin des h\u00f4pitaux (from 1893), later becoming a professor of general pathology and therapeutics. In 1910, he was appointed professor of internal medicine at the University of Paris (H\u00f4pital Beaujon). During his career, he also served as a physician at H\u00f4pital Cochin.\n\nIn 1896, along with Raoul Bensaude (1866\u20131938), he identified a disease he called paratyphoid fever. They were able to isolate the cause of illness to a microbe now classified as salmonella paratyphi B. \nA postmenopausal condition known as \"diabetic-bearded woman syndrome\" is sometimes referred to as \"Achard-Thiers syndrome\", and the eponymous \"Achard syndrome\" is a disorder characterized by arachnodactyly, brachycephaly, a receding lower jaw and joint laxity in the extremities.In 1897, along with internist Joseph Castaigne (1871\u20131951), he developed a urinary test using methylene blue dye for examining the excretory function of the kidneys. The procedure was to become known as the \"Achard-Castaigne test\". With Castaigne and Georges Maurice Debove (1845-1920), he published Manuel des maladies du tube digestif.", "Q71092": "The Second French Empire (French: Second Empire), officially the French Empire (French: Empire fran\u00e7ais), was the regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France.\nHistorians in the 1930s and 1940s often disparaged the Second Empire as a precursor of fascism. That interpretation is no longer promulgated and by the late 20th century they were celebrating it as leading example of a modernising regime. Historians have generally given the Empire negative evaluations on its foreign-policy, and somewhat more positive evaluations of domestic policies, especially after Napoleon III liberalised his rule after 1858. He promoted French business and exports. The greatest achievements came in material improvements, in the form of a grand railway network that facilitated commerce and tied the nation together and centered it on Paris. It had the effect of stimulating economic growth, and bringing prosperity to most regions of the country. The Second Empire is given high credit for the rebuilding of Paris with broad boulevards, striking public buildings, and very attractive residential districts for upscale Parisians. In international policy, Napoleon III tried to emulate his uncle, engaging in numerous imperial ventures around the world as well as several wars in Europe. Using very harsh methods, he built up the French Empire in North Africa and in Southeast Asia. Napoleon III also sought to modernise the Mexican economy and bring it into the French orbit, but this ended in a fiasco. He badly mishandled the threat from Prussia, and by the end of his reign, Napoleon III found himself without allies in the face of overwhelming German force.", "Q706911": "Amir Junaid Muhadith (born Chauncey Lamont Hawkins , June 20, 1975 in Harlem, New York) best known by his stage name Loon, is a former American rapper formerly signed to P. Diddy's Bad Boy Records. He is best known for his role in P. Diddy's 2002 hits \"I Need a Girl (Part One)\" & \"I Need a Girl (Part Two)\" .", "Q5146": "Portuguese (portugu\u00eas or, in full, l\u00edngua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language originating in the Iberian Peninsula. It is the sole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Angola and S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe. It also has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Chinese Macau. A Portuguese-speaking person or nation is referred to as \"Lusophone\" (Lus\u00f3fono). As the result of expansion during colonial times, a cultural presence of Portuguese and Portuguese creole speakers are also found around the world (e.g., Cape Verdean Creole, the most widely spoken of these). \nPortuguese is part of the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia and the County of Portugal, and has kept some Celtic phonology and lexicon. With approximately 215 to 220 million native speakers and 250 million total speakers, Portuguese is usually listed as the sixth most natively spoken language in the world, the third-most spoken European language in the world in terms of native speakers, and the most spoken language in the Southern Hemisphere. It is also the second-most spoken language, after Spanish, in South America and all of Latin America, one of the 10 most spoken languages in Africa and is an official language of the European Union, Mercosur, OAS, ECOWAS and the African Union. The Community of Portuguese Language Countries is an international organization made up of all of the world's officially Lusophone nations.", "Q922528": "Cameo is an American soul-influenced funk group that formed in 1974. Cameo was initially a 14-member group known as the New York City Players; this name was later changed to Cameo to avoid being confused with Ohio Players, another funk group in the 1970s.As of 2009, some of the original members continue to perform together, while two others were hired by the hip hop group Outkast. In 2015, Cameo announced a new residency show at the Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino, opening in March 2016. On February 20, 2019, Larry Blackmon of Cameo announced \"El Passo\", the first new single from the band in 19 years.", "Q4665689": "Abdul Razzak Yaqoob (7 May 1944 \u2013 21 February 2014) was a Pakistani gold bullion trader who founded ARY Gold in the United Arab Emirates and later ARY Media Group. \nHe was associated with ARY Gold bribery scandal in which he gave a bribery of US$10 million to Bhutto government to get exclusive rights to trade gold.", "Q1609199": "Herbert P. Stothart (September 11, 1885 \u2013 February 1, 1949) was an American songwriter, arranger, conductor, and composer. He was also nominated for twelve Academy Awards, winning Best Original Score for The Wizard of Oz. Stothart was widely acknowledged as a member of the top tier of Hollywood composers during the 1930s and 1940s.", "Q313655": "Kevin David Sorbo (born September 24, 1958) is an American actor. He had starring roles in two television series: as Hercules in Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, and as Captain Dylan Hunt in Andromeda. Sorbo is also known for acting in the Christian drama films God's Not Dead and Let There Be Light.", "Q174662": "Mary Patricia McAleese (; n\u00e9e Leneghan; Irish: M\u00e1ire P\u00e1draig\u00edn Mhic Ghiolla \u00cdosa; born 27 June 1951) is an Irish politician who served as the eighth President of Ireland from November 1997 to November 2011. She is an award-winning Catholic academic and author and holds a licentiate and doctorate in Canon law. She was the second female president of Ireland. McAleese was first elected in 1997, succeeding Mary Robinson, making her the first woman in the world to succeed another woman as president. She was reelected unopposed for a second term in office in 2004. On both occasions she was elected as an independent, although she was previously a member of Fianna F\u00e1il. McAleese is the first president of Ireland to have come from either Northern Ireland or Ulster.McAleese graduated in Law from Queen's University Belfast. In 1975, she was appointed Professor of Criminal Law, Criminology and Penology at Trinity College Dublin and in 1987, she returned to her alma mater, Queen's, to become director of the Institute of Professional Legal Studies. In 1994, she became the first female pro-vice-chancellor of Queen's University. She worked as a barrister and as a journalist with RT\u00c9. She is an Honorary Fellow of St Edmund's College, Cambridge.McAleese used her time in office to address issues concerning justice, social equality, social inclusion, anti-sectarianism and reconciliation. She described her presidency's theme as \"Building Bridges\". This bridge-building materialised in her attempts to reach out to the unionist community in Northern Ireland. These steps included celebrating the Twelfth of July at \u00c1ras an Uachtar\u00e1in and taking communion in a Church of Ireland cathedral in Dublin, for which she incurred some criticism from some of the Irish Catholic hierarchy. Though a practising Roman Catholic, McAleese holds liberal views on homosexuality and women priests. She is a member of the Council of Women World Leaders and was ranked the 64th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes. In spite of some minor controversies, McAleese remained popular and her presidency is regarded as successful.\n\n", "Q1656489": "Ida Bieler (born in Virginia) is an American violinist and professor of Violin.", "Q11772": "Ancient Greece (Greek: \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2, romanized: Hell\u00e1s) was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th\u20139th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (c. AD 600). Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the Archaic period and colonization of the Mediterranean Basin. This was followed by the period of Classical Greece, an era that began with the Greco-Persian Wars, lasting from the 5th to 4th centuries BC. Due to the conquests by Alexander the Great of Macedon, Hellenistic civilization flourished from Central Asia to the western end of the Mediterranean Sea. The Hellenistic period came to an end with the conquests and annexations of the eastern Mediterranean world by the Roman Republic, which established the Roman province of Macedonia in Roman Greece, and later the province of Achaea during the Roman Empire.\nClassical Greek culture, especially philosophy, had a powerful influence on ancient Rome, which carried a version of it to many parts of the Mediterranean Basin and Europe. For this reason, Classical Greece is generally considered to be the seminal culture which provided the foundation of modern Western culture and is considered the cradle of Western civilization.Classical Greek culture gave great importance to knowledge. Science and religion were not separate and getting closer to the truth meant getting closer to the gods. In this context, they understood the importance of mathematics as an instrument for obtaining more reliable (\"divine\") knowledge. Greek culture, in a few centuries and with a limited population, managed to explore and make progress in many fields of science, mathematics, philosophy and knowledge in general.", "Q624": "Alessandro Del Piero (Italian pronunciation: [ales\u02c8sandro del \u02c8pje\u02d0ro]; born 9 November 1974) is an Italian former professional footballer who mainly played as a deep-lying forward, although he was capable of playing in several offensive positions. Since 2015, he has worked as a pundit for Sky Sport Italia.A technically gifted and creative supporting forward who was also a free-kick specialist, Del Piero is widely regarded by players, pundits, and managers as one of the greatest players of his generation and as one of the best Italian players of all time, winning the Serie A Italian Footballer of the Year award in 1998 and 2008. A prolific goal-scorer, he is currently the second highest all-time Italian top-scorer in all competitions, with 346 goals, behind only Silvio Piola, with 390 goals; he is also the joint ninth highest goalscorer in Serie A history, with 188 goals, alongside Giuseppe Signori and Alberto Gilardino. After beginning his career with Italian club Padova in Serie B in 1991, he moved to Juventus in 1993, where he played for 19 seasons (11 as captain), and holds the club records for most goals (290) and appearances (705). During his time at the club, he won six Serie A titles, the Coppa Italia, four Supercoppa Italiana titles, the UEFA Champions League, the UEFA Super Cup, the UEFA Intertoto Cup, and the Intercontinental Cup. After leaving the club in 2012, he also spent two seasons with Australian side Sydney FC; he retired after a season with Delhi Dynamos FC in the Indian Super League, in 2014.\nDel Piero has scored in every competition in which he has participated. In 2004, he was named in the FIFA 100, a list of the 125 greatest living footballers selected by Pel\u00e9 as a part of FIFA's centenary celebrations. In the same year, he was also voted into the UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll, a list of the 50 best European players of the past 50 years. Along with six awards in Italy for gentlemanly conduct, he has also won the Golden Foot award, which pertains to personality as well as playing ability.\nAt international level, Del Piero has also represented the Italian national team at three FIFA World Cups and four UEFA European Football Championships, most notably winning the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and reaching the final of UEFA Euro 2000 with Italy. He is the joint fourth highest scorer for the Italian national team, with 27 goals, alongside Roberto Baggio, and behind only Silvio Piola with 30 goals, Giuseppe Meazza with 33 goals, and Luigi Riva with 35 goals; with 91 appearances for Italy between 1995 and 2008, he is also his nation's eleventh-most capped player of all-time.", "Q3075672": "The French-American Foundation is a privately funded, non-governmental organization established to promote bilateral relations between France and the United States on topics of importance to the two countries, with a focus on contact between upcoming leaders from each country. It employs a variety of initiatives that include multi-year policy programs, conferences on issues of French-American interest, and leadership and professional exchanges of decision-makers from France and the United States.\nFounded in 1976, the Foundation is an operating organization that relies on outside financial support to carry out its mission and does not provide grants. It is an independent, non-partisan, nonprofit organization.", "Q70398": "Harald Vogel (1941) is a German organist, organologist, and author. He is a leading expert on Renaissance and Baroque keyboard music. He has been professor of organ at the University of the Arts Bremen since 1994.", "Q323782": "Jerzy Pilch (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u025b\u0290\u0268 \u02c8pilx]; born 10 August 1952 in Wis\u0142a, Poland) is a Polish writer, columnist, and journalist. Critics have compared Pilch's style to Witold Gombrowicz, Milan Kundera, or Bohumil Hrabal.", "Q868421": "The University of California, Irvine (UCI or UC Irvine) is a public research university in Irvine, California. It is one of the 10 campuses in the University of California (UC) system. UC Irvine offers 87 undergraduate degrees and 129 graduate and professional degrees. The university is classified as a Research I university and in 2017 had $361 million in research and development expenditures, according to the National Science Foundation. UC Irvine became a member of the Association of American Universities in 1996 and is the youngest university to hold membership. It is considered to be one of the \"Public Ivies,\" meaning that it is among those publicly funded universities thought to provide a quality of education comparable to that of the Ivy League.The university also administers the UC Irvine Medical Center, a large teaching hospital in Orange, and its affiliated health sciences system; the University of California, Irvine, Arboretum; and a portion of the University of California Natural Reserve System. UC Irvine set up the first Earth System Science Department in the United States.UCI was one of three new UC campuses established in the 1960s to accommodate growing enrollments across the UC system. A site in Orange County was identified in 1959, and in the following year the Irvine Company sold the University of California 1,000 acres (400 ha) of land for one dollar to establish the new campus. President Lyndon B. Johnson dedicated the campus in 1964, a fact which was commemorated with the delivery of a commencement speech by President Barack Obama exactly fifty years later.A total of seven Nobel Prize laureates have been affiliated with UCI. The university is also associated with a total of seven Pulitzer Prize winners, including three faculty members and four alumni.The UC Irvine Anteaters compete in the NCAA Division I as members of the Big West Conference. The Anteaters have won 28 national championships in nine different team sports, 64 Anteaters have won individual national championships, and 53 Anteaters have competed in the Olympics.", "Q155860": "Andrey Yanuaryevich Vyshinsky (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u042f\u043d\u0443\u0430\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u044b\u0448\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; Polish: Andrzej Wyszy\u0144ski) (10 December [O.S. 28 November] 1883 \u2013 22 November 1954) was a Soviet politician, jurist and diplomat.\nHe is known as a state prosecutor of Joseph Stalin's Moscow trials and in the Nuremberg trials. He was the Soviet Foreign Minister from 1949 to 1953, after having served as Deputy Foreign Minister under Vyacheslav Molotov since 1940. He also headed the Institute of State and Law in the Soviet Academy of Sciences.", "Q444230": "Rosa Yaseen Hassan (Arabic: \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u200e) is a Syrian novelist and writer. She was born in Damascus in 1974 and studied architecture at university. Upon graduation in 1998, she worked as a journalist, writing for various Syrian and Arabic periodicals. Her first published book was a collection of short stories, published in 2000 under the title A Sky Tainted with Light. She has also written a number of novels, starting with Ebony (2004) which won the Hanna Mina Prize. Her third novel Hurras al-Hawa (Guardians of the Air, 2009) was longlisted for the Arabic Booker Prize.\nIn 2009, Hassan was chosen as one of the Beirut39, a group of 39 Arab writers under the age of 40 chosen through a contest organised by Banipal magazine and the Hay Festival.", "Q2447078": "The alien invasion or space invasion is a common feature in science fiction stories and film, in which extraterrestrials invade the Earth either to exterminate and supplant human life, enslave it under an intense state, harvest people for food, steal the planet's resources, or destroy the planet altogether.\nThe invasion scenario has been used as an allegory for a protest against military hegemony and the societal ills of the time. H. G. Wells' novel The War of the Worlds extended the invasion literature that was already common when science fiction was first emerging as a genre.\nProspects of invasion tended to vary with the state of current affairs, and current perceptions of threat. Alien invasion was a common metaphor in United States science fiction during the Cold War, illustrating the fears of foreign (e.g. Soviet Union) occupation and nuclear devastation of the American people. Examples of these stories include the short story \u201cThe Liberation of Earth\u201c (1950) by William Tenn and the film The Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956).\nIn the invasion trope, fictional aliens contacting Earth tend to either observe (sometimes using experiments) or invade, rather than help the population of Earth acquire the capacity to participate in interplanetary affairs. There are some notable exceptions, such as the alien-initiated first-contact scenarios in The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), Star Trek: First Contact (1996) and Arrival (2016). A trope of the peaceful first-contact is humanity attaining a key technological threshold (e.g. nuclear weapons and space travel in The Day the Earth Stood Still or faster-than-light travel in First Contact), justifying their initiation into a broader community of intelligent species.\nTechnically, a human invasion of an alien species is also an alien invasion, as from the viewpoint of the aliens, humans are the aliens. Such stories are much rarer than stories about aliens attacking humans. Examples include the short story Sentry (1954) (in which the \"aliens\" described are, at the end, explained to be humans), the video game Phantasy Star II (1989), The Martian Chronicles by Ray Bradbury, the Imperium of Man in the Warhammer 40,000 universe, Invaders from Earth by Robert Silverberg, Ender's Game, the movies Battle for Terra (2007), Planet 51 (2009), Avatar (2009) and Mars Needs Moms (2011).\nAs well as being a subgenre of science fiction, these kinds of books can be considered a subgenre of invasion literature, which also includes fictional depictions of humans invaded by other humans (for example, a fictional invasion of England by a hostile France strongly influenced Wells' depiction of a Martian invasion).", "Q1676981": "Jack Bland (May 8, 1899 \u2013 August 1968) was an American jazz banjoist and guitarist.\nBorn in Sedalia, Missouri, Bland co-founded the Mound City Blue Blowers with Red McKenzie in 1924 in St. Louis. Their first hit record was \"Arkansas Blues\", a success in Chicago and the American midwest. After Eddie Lang joined the group late in 1924, the group booked a tour in England.\nLater in the 1920s, Bland began playing more cello and guitar. In 1929, Lang left the group, and Gene Krupa joined; Muggsy Spanier, Coleman Hawkins, and Eddie Condon would all play in the ensemble in the 1930s, which moved to more of a Dixieland sound. Also in 1929, the Blue Blowers appeared in a 1929 short film, The Opry House.\nBland did session work in New York City with the Billy Banks Orchestra in the 1930s, with Pee Wee Russell, Red Allen, and Zutty Singleton. Following this, he recorded with a group called the Rhythmmakers (or Rhythmakers). Pops Foster and Fats Waller played with the group at times.\nIn the 1940s Bland played on 52nd Street at Jimmy Ryan's Club, playing with Allen and Singleton as well as Edmond Hall, Vic Dickenson, Ike Quebec, and Hot Lips Page; some of their sessions were recorded by Milt Gabler and released on Commodore Records. From 1942 to 1944 he played with Art Hodes and also with Muggsy Spanier; he led his own band from 1944 to 1950.\nIn the 1950s, Bland moved to Los Angeles and retired from performing, taking work as a taxicab driver. He died there in 1968.", "Q506771": "Sigiswald Kuijken (Dutch: [\u02ccsi\u0263\u026as\u028b\u0251lt \u02c8k\u0153yk\u0259(n)]; born 16 February 1944) is a Belgian violinist, violist, and conductor known for playing on period and original instruments.", "Q5152": "Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk (until 1934: Mustafa Kemal Pasha; after the Surname Law of 1934: Kemal Atat\u00fcrk or alternatively written as Kam\u00e2l Atat\u00fcrk; 1881 \u2013 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founder of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President from 1923 until his death in 1938. His leadership undertook sweeping progressive reforms, which modernized Turkey into a secular, industrial nation. Ideologically a secularist and nationalist, his policies and theories became known as Kemalism. Due to his military and political accomplishments, Atat\u00fcrk is regarded according to studies as one of the greatest leaders of the 20th century.Atat\u00fcrk came to prominence for his role in securing the Ottoman Turkish victory at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I. Following the defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, he led the Turkish National Movement, which resisted mainland Turkey's partition among the victorious Allied powers. Establishing a provisional government in the present-day Turkish capital Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Allies, thus emerging victorious from what was later referred to as the Turkish War of Independence. He subsequently proceeded to abolish the decrepit Ottoman Empire and proclaimed the foundation of the Turkish Republic in its place. \nAs the president of the newly formed Turkish Republic, Atat\u00fcrk initiated a rigorous program of political, economic, and cultural reforms with the ultimate aim of building a modern, progressive and secular nation-state. He made primary education free and compulsory, opening thousands of new schools all over the country. He also introduced the Latin-based Turkish alphabet, replacing the old Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Turkish women received equal civil and political rights during Atat\u00fcrk's presidency ahead of many Western countries. In particular, women were given voting rights in local elections by Act no. 1580 on 3 April 1930 and a few years later, in 1934, full universal suffrage, earlier than most other democracies in the world.His government carried out a policy of Turkicisation, trying to create a homogeneous and unified nation. Under Atat\u00fcrk, non-Turkish minorities were pressured to speak Turkish in public, non-Turkish toponyms and last names of minorities had to be changed to Turkish renditions. The Turkish Parliament granted him the surname Atat\u00fcrk in 1934, which means \"Father of the Turks\", in recognition of the role he played in building the modern Turkish Republic. He died on 10 November 1938 at Dolmabah\u00e7e Palace in Istanbul, at the age of 57; he was succeeded as President by his long-time Prime Minister \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc and was honored with a state funeral. His iconic mausoleum in Ankara, built and opened in 1953, is surrounded by a park called the Peace Park in honor of his famous expression \"Peace at Home, Peace in the World\".\nIn 1981, the centennial of Atat\u00fcrk's birth, his memory was honoured by the UN and UNESCO, which declared it The Atat\u00fcrk Year in the World and adopted the Resolution on the Atat\u00fcrk Centennial, describing him as \"the leader of the first struggle given against colonialism and imperialism\" and a \"remarkable promoter of the sense of understanding between peoples and durable peace between the nations of the world and that he worked all his life for the development of harmony and cooperation between peoples without distinction\". Atat\u00fcrk is commemorated by many memorials throughout Turkey and numerous countries all over the world, where place names are named in honor of him. Eleftherios Venizelos, former Prime Minister of Greece, forwarded Atat\u00fcrk's name for the 1934 Nobel Peace Prize.\n\n", "Q333591": "Alfred Moritz Mond, 1st Baron Melchett, PC, FRS, DL (23 October 1868 \u2013 27 December 1930), known as Sir Alfred Mond, Bt, between 1910 and 1928, was a British industrialist, financier and politician. In his later life he became an active Zionist.", "Q126656": "Count Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich-Yerevansky, Serene Prince of Warsaw (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447-\u042d\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, tr. Iv\u00e1n F\u00ebdorovi\u010d Pask\u00e9vi\u010d-\u00c8rivanvkij, cvetlej\u0161ij knjaz\u2019 Var\u0161avskij; 19 May [O.S. 8 May] 1782 \u2013 1 February [O.S. 20 January] 1856) was a Imperial Russian military leader of Ukrainian Cossack ethnicity. For his victories, he was made Count of Yerevan in 1828 and Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland in 1831. He attained the rank of field marshal in the Russian army, and later in the Prussian and Austrian armies.", "Q280997": "Hop-Along Cassidy (reissued as Hopalong Cassidy Enters) is a 1935 American Western film that features the character Hop-Along Cassidy created by writer Clarence E. Mulford. This is the first of 66 Hopalong Cassidy films produced between 1935 and 1948 and all starring William Boyd in the title role. William Boyd was originally offered the role of Buck Peters, the ranch foreman, but he decided to take the role of Hop-Along instead.\n\n", "Q116795": "Ernst Zahn (24 January 1867 in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland \u2013 12 February 1952 in Meggen) was a Swiss author. His writing took its themes from Swiss local life.", "Q317427": "Donovan (born Donovan Philips Leitch, 10 May 1946) is a Scottish singer, songwriter and guitarist. He developed an eclectic and distinctive style that blended folk, jazz, pop, psychedelia, and world music (notably calypso). He has lived in Scotland, Hertfordshire (England), London, California, and since at least 2008 in County Cork, Ireland, with his family. Emerging from the British folk scene, Donovan reached fame in the United Kingdom in early 1965 with live performances on the pop TV series Ready Steady Go!.\nHaving signed with Pye Records in 1965, he recorded singles and two albums in the folk vein for Hickory Records (US company), after which he signed to CBS/Epic Records in the US \u2013 the first signing by the company's new vice-president Clive Davis \u2013 and became more successful internationally. He began a long and successful collaboration with leading British independent record producer Mickie Most, scoring multiple hit singles and albums in the UK, US, and other countries.His most successful singles were the early UK hits \"Catch the Wind\", \"Colours\" and \"Universal Soldier\" in 1965, written by Buffy Sainte-Marie. In September 1966 \"Sunshine Superman\" topped America's Billboard Hot 100 chart for one week and went to number two in Britain, followed by \"Mellow Yellow\" at US No. 2 in December 1966, then 1968's \"Hurdy Gurdy Man\" in the Top 5 in both countries, then \"Atlantis\", which reached US No. 7 in May 1969.\nHe became a friend of pop musicians including Joan Baez, Brian Jones and the Beatles. He taught John Lennon a finger-picking guitar style in 1968 that Lennon employed in \"Dear Prudence\", \"Julia\", \"Happiness Is a Warm Gun\" and other songs. Donovan's commercial fortunes waned after parting with Most in 1969, and he left the industry for a time.\nDonovan continued to perform and record sporadically in the 1970s and 1980s. His musical style and hippie image were scorned by critics, especially after punk rock. His performing and recording became sporadic until a revival in the 1990s with the emergence of Britain's rave scene. He recorded the 1996 album Sutras with producer Rick Rubin and in 2004 made a new album, Beat Cafe. Donovan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 and the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2014.", "Q446427": "Merian Caldwell Cooper (October 24, 1893 \u2013 April 21, 1973) was an American aviator, United States Air Force and Polish Air Force officer, adventurer, screenwriter, film director, and producer. Cooper was the founder of the Ko\u015bciuszko Squadron during the Polish\u2013Soviet War and was a Soviet prisoner of war for a time. He was a notable movie producer, and got his start with film as part of the Explorers Club, traveling the world and documenting adventures. He was a member of the board of directors of Pan American Airways, but his love of film always took priority. During his film career, he worked for companies such as Pioneer Pictures, RKO Pictures, and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He is also credited as co-inventor of the Cinerama film projection process. Cooper's most famous film was the 1933 movie King Kong. He was awarded an honorary Oscar for lifetime achievement in 1952 and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.\n\n", "Q961411": "Alberto Manuel Andrade Carmona (December 24, 1943 \u2013 June 19, 2009) was a Peruvian politician, born in Lima and mayor of that city from 1996 to 2002.\nAndrade who was an alumnus of Peru's Nationwide First School of Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de Guadalupe, as well as, a lawyer at the National University of San Marcos, started his political career as a member of the Christian People's Party in 1983, resigning to found his own political party, Somos Per\u00fa in 1994, to run as an independent for the 1995 Municipal elections. A former mayor of Miraflores, he made many public works for this district and currently, his brother Fernando Andrade is the district's mayor.\nIn the 1995 election, Andrade won the elections as mayor of Lima and was sworn in 1996. During his term as mayor, he was responsible for public works such as:\n\nThe Javier Prado Highway (turning the portion of Javier Prado Avenue between Paseo de la Republica and Circunvalacion Expressways, originally a boulevard, into its own expressway)\nModernizing parks and squares\nImproving the city's taxicab system\nThe rebirth of the defunct Downtown LimaIn 1998, his high popularity won him another term in office. In 2000, he stood against President Alberto Fujimori in the presidential elections, but received in large part due to a smear campaign only 3.0% of the vote, and continued as mayor.In the 2002 municipal elections, he ran for a third term, promising to modernize transport, importing Colombian public buses, known as Transmilenio, but he was defeated by Luis Casta\u00f1eda Lossio of the National Unity Party.\nHe ran unsuccessfully for the First Vice-Presidency in the Peruvian national election in 2006 on Frente de Centro's ticket, but was elected for a seat in Congress.\nHe died in Washington, United States on June 19, 2009 from pulmonary fibrosis.", "Q166272": "Geoffrey Roy Rush (born 6 July 1951) is an Australian acclaimed actor of the stage and screen. He is known for his roles various films including, the Pirates of the Caribbean films, The King's Speech, Shine, Shakespeare in Love, Elizabeth, Les Miserables, The Life and Death of Peter Sellers, Frida and Munich. One of Australia's most accomplished actors, Rush is amongst 24 people who have won the Triple Crown of Acting: an Academy Award for film, a Primetime Emmy Award for television, and a Tony Award for theatre. Over his illustrious career he has won an Academy Award, three British Academy Film Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, and four Screen Actors Guild Awards. Rush is the founding president of the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts and was named the 2012 Australian of the Year.", "Q21084405": "In the first Parliament to be held after the Union of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 January 1801, the first House of Commons of the United Kingdom was composed of all 558 members of the former Parliament of Great Britain and 100 of the members of the House of Commons of Ireland.\nThe Parliament of Great Britain had held its last general election in 1796 and last met on 5 November 1800. The final general election for the Parliament of Ireland had taken place in 1797, although by-elections had continued to take place until 1800.\nThe other chamber of the Parliament, the House of Lords, consisted of members of the pre-existing House of Lords in Great Britain, in addition to 28 representative peers elected by members of the former Irish House of Lords.\nBy a proclamation dated 5 November 1800, the members of the new united Parliament were summoned to a first meeting at Westminster on 22 January 1801. At the outset, the Tories led by Addington enjoyed a majority of 108 in the new House of Commons.", "Q53541": "Jean Gardner Batten (15 September 1909 \u2013 22 November 1982) was a New Zealand aviatrix. Born in Rotorua, she became the best-known New Zealander of the 1930s, internationally, by making a number of record-breaking solo flights across the world. She made the first-ever solo flight from England to New Zealand in 1936.", "Q63482": "Samuel Holdheim (1806 \u2013 22 August 1860) was a German rabbi and author, and one of the more extreme leaders of the early Reform Movement in Judaism. A pioneer in modern Jewish homiletics, he was often at odds with the Orthodox community.", "Q97265": "Markus Hoffmann (2 January 1971 \u2013 16 January 1997) was a German actor, most famous for his portrayal of Henning von Anstetten in the soap opera Verbotene Liebe.\nHoffmann committed suicide at the age of 26 by jumping from the 28th floor of a high-rise in Berlin-Neuk\u00f6lln.", "Q127548": "Dweezil Zappa (born Ian Donald Calvin Euclid Zappa; September 5, 1969) is an American rock guitarist and occasional actor. He is the son of musical composer and performer Frank Zappa. Exposed to the music industry from an early age, Dweezil developed a strong affinity for playing the guitar and producing music. Able to learn directly from guitarists such as Steve Vai and Eddie Van Halen, Dweezil released his first single (produced by Eddie Van Halen) at the age of 12.In addition to writing and recording his own music, Dweezil has carried on the legacy of his father's music by touring with the group Zappa Plays Zappa. The band features renditions of Zappa's original material and the lineup has often included Zappa alumni such as Napoleon Murphy Brock, Steve Vai, Terry Bozzio and others.", "Q744288": "Thomas L. Saaty (July 18, 1926 \u2013 August 14, 2017) was a Distinguished University Professor at the University of Pittsburgh, where he taught in the Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business. He is the inventor, architect, and primary theoretician of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a decision-making framework used for large-scale, multiparty, multi-criteria decision analysis, and of the Analytic Network Process (ANP), its generalization to decisions with dependence and feedback. Later on, he generalized the mathematics of the ANP to the Neural Network Process (NNP) with application to neural firing and synthesis but none of them gain such popularity as AHP.\nHe died on the 14th of August 2017 after a year-long battle with cancer.Prior to coming to the University of Pittsburgh, Saaty was professor of statistics and operations research at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania (1969\u201379). Before that, he spent fifteen years working for U.S. government agencies and for companies doing government-sponsored research. His employers at that time included the Operations Evaluation Group of MIT at the Pentagon, the Office of Naval Research, and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency at the U.S. State Department.", "Q130752": "Elizabeth Petrovna (Russian: \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0430 (\u0415\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0430) \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043d\u0430) (29 December [O.S. 18 December] 1709 \u2013 5 January 1762 [O.S. 25 December 1761]), also known as Yelisaveta or Elizaveta, was the Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death in 1762. She led the country during the two major European conflicts of her time: the War of Austrian Succession (1740\u201348) and the Seven Years' War (1756\u201363).\nHer domestic policies allowed the nobles to gain dominance in local government while shortening their terms of service to the state. She encouraged Mikhail Lomonosov's establishment of the University of Moscow and Ivan Shuvalov's foundation of the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg. She also spent exorbitant sums of money on the grandiose baroque projects of her favourite architect, Bartolomeo Rastrelli, particularly in Peterhof and Tsarskoye Selo. The Winter Palace and the Smolny Cathedral in Saint Petersburg are among the chief monuments of her reign. She remains one of the most popular Russian monarchs due to her strong opposition to Prussian policies and her decision not to execute a single person during her reign.", "Q3219076": "Laurent Broomhead (born 5 February 1954) is a French radio, television presenter and producer, specialized in science and health. Passionated of horses, he owns and raises thoroughbreds.", "Q120541": "Alfred Edward Green (July 11, 1889 \u2013 September 4, 1960) was an American movie director. Green entered film in 1912 as an actor for the Selig Polyscope Company. He became an assistant to director Colin Campbell. He then started to direct two-reelers until he started features in 1917.", "Q3866702": "Martha Jane Coston (December 12, 1826 \u2013 July 9, 1904) was an inventor and businesswoman best known for her invention of the Coston flare, a device for signaling at sea.", "Q449072": "Gwendoline See-Hian Yeo (simplified Chinese: \u6768\u65f6\u8d24; traditional Chinese: \u694a\u6642\u8ce2; pinyin: Y\u00e1ng Sh\u00edxi\u00e1n; born July 10, 1977) is an American actress, voice actress, writer and musician best known for her role as Xiao-Mei in Desperate Housewives, Sun Foy in the film Broken Trail (for which she was nominated for a Best Actress NAMIC Vision Award ) and as the voice of Shinigami in Nickelodeon's Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.", "Q3268857": "The Lyc\u00e9e Montaigne is a famous French public secondary school. It is located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, near the Jardin du Luxembourg, and was founded in the 1880s.\nThe school currently has around 800 pupils at the Coll\u00e8ge level, and 1,000 pupils at the Lyc\u00e9e level. The school also offers classes pr\u00e9paratoires for 150 pupils. The lyc\u00e9e has science (S), literature (L) and economics (ES) sections. The classes pr\u00e9paratoires are specialized in economics (ECE and ECS).\nIt also has two international sections, in Portuguese and Polish.", "Q427973": "Mew Azama (\u5b89\u5ea7\u9593 \u7f8e\u512a, Azama My\u016b), born December 26, 1986 in Hiroshima Prefecture and raised in Okinawa Prefecture, is a Japanese model and actress. Azama signs her name \"Mew\" using romaji characters. She explains it in her profile: \"\u7f8e\u512a is read Mew. I was named from Ky\u014dko Koizumi's famous song 'MEW of dawn'. So, the inscription is MEW.\"\n\n", "Q184591": "10 is a 1979 American romantic comedy film written, produced, and directed by Blake Edwards and starring Dudley Moore, Julie Andrews, Robert Webber, and Bo Derek. It was considered a trend-setting film at the time and was one of the year's biggest box-office hits. It follows a man in middle age who becomes infatuated with a young woman whom he has never met, leading to a comic chase and an encounter in Mexico.", "Q170376": "Gabriel Omar Batistuta (Spanish pronunciation: [\u0261a\u02c8\u03b2\u027ejel o\u02c8ma\u027e \u03b2atis\u02c8tuta]; born 1 February 1969) is an Argentine retired professional footballer. After beginning his career in Argentina in 1988 with Newell's Old Boys, followed by River Plate and Boca Juniors where he won titles, the prolific striker played most of his club football with Fiorentina in Italy; he is their all-time top scorer in Serie A with 152 goals.When Fiorentina was relegated to Serie B in 1993, Batistuta stayed with the club and helped them return to the top-flight league a year later. He became an icon in Florence; the Fiorentina fans erected a life-size bronze statue of him in 1996, in recognition of his performances for the club. Despite winning the Coppa Italia and the Supercoppa Italiana with the club in 1996, he never won the Italian league with Fiorentina, but when he moved to Roma in 2000 for \u20ac36 million \u2013 then the highest fee ever paid for a player over the age of 30 \u2013 he finally won the Serie A title to crown his career in Italy. After a brief loan spell with Inter Milan in 2003, he played his last two seasons in Qatar with Al-Arabi before he retired in 2005.At international level, Batistuta was Argentina's all-time leading goalscorer with 54 goals in 77 official matches, a record he held until 21 June 2016, when he was surpassed by Lionel Messi. He participated in three FIFA World Cups, scoring 10 goals, making him Argentina's all-time top scorer in the competition, and the joint eighth-highest World Cup goalscorer of all time. Batistuta is the only player in football history to score two hat-tricks in different World Cups. With the Argentina national team he won two consecutive Copa Am\u00e9rica titles (1991 and 1993), the 1993 Artemio Franchi Trophy, and the 1992 FIFA Confederations Cup.\nRegarded as one of the best strikers of his generation, noted in particular for powerful strikes from volleys or from distance while on the run, in 1999, Batistuta placed third for the FIFA World Player of the Year award. In 2004 he was named by Pel\u00e9 in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players. During his playing career, Batistuta was nicknamed Batigol ([bati\u02c8\u0263ol]) as well as El \u00c1ngel Gabriel ([el \u02cca\u014bxel \u0263a\u02c8\u03b2\u027ejel]; Spanish for Angel Gabriel).\n\n", "Q74840": "J\u00fcrgen Klute (born in B\u00fcnde on 18 October 1953) is a German politician, social pastor, and co-publisher. He was a member of the European Parliament from 2009 to 2014.\nKlute is married and has two children.", "Q65795": "Dinhard is a municipality in the district of Winterthur, which is located in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q2313666": "Jaya Suprana \u2013), (n\u00e9e Phoa Kok Tjiang) is an Indonesian pianist, composer, conductor, writer, cartoonist, and television presenter.\nJaya Suprana was born in Denpasar, Bali as a Chinese descendant, but grew up within Javanese culture. He studied music at Musikhochschule M\u00fcnster and Folkwang-Hochschule Essen, West Germany, between 1967 and 1976, and since then has given piano recitals worldwide, as well as composing his own music. He also presents his own national weekly talkshow called the Jaya Suprana Show. His dayly writings have appeared in the daily newspapers Kompas, Suara Pembaruan, Sinar Harapan, on-line media such as RMOL, Askara, SMSI and books published by Elex Media Komputindo.\nHe also established the Indonesian Museum of Records (MURI), Rotary-Suprana Orphanage, Centre for Kelirumologi Study, and together with Aylawati Sarwono founded the Jaya Suprana School of Performing Arts which has performed wayang orang at the Sydney Opera House and Unesco Paris also recital master class series with young Indonesian talented musician on international stages and in 2011 organised the Indonesia Pusaka International Piano Competition with participants from 12 countries and the gala concert at the presidential palace in Bogor attended by the president and first lady of Republic Indonesia. In 2014, Jaya Suprana performed his piano recital in the Carnegie Hall, New York, USA and organized the first Indonesian International Philosophy Symposium in the Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia in Jakarta.\nSuprana received a PhD degree in philosophy and social sciences from the unaccredited Pacific Western University. He is also the Chairman of his family-run medicinal herbs producing firm, PT Jamu Cap Jago, in the Central Java capital of Semarang\nHe tours with his group Kwartet Punakawan", "Q3709938": "Woodrow Wilson \"Woody\" Bledsoe (November 12, 1921 \u2013 October 4, 1995) was an American mathematician, computer scientist, and prominent educator. He is one of the founders of artificial intelligence (AI), making early contributions in pattern recognition and automated theorem proving. He continued to make significant contributions to AI throughout his long career.\nBeginning in 1966, he worked at the department of mathematics and computer science of the University of Texas at Austin, holding the Peter O'Donnell Jr. Centennial Chair in Computing Science starting in 1987.Bledsoe joined The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as an adult, and served in the church as a bishop, counselor to the Stake presidency, and Stake patriarch. He also served as a leader in the Boy Scouts of America. Bledsoe died on October 4, 1995 of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, more commonly known as ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease.\n\n", "Q160165": "Anna Ioannovna (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u043e\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430; 7 February [O.S. 28 January] 1693 \u2013 28 October [O.S. 17 October] 1740), also spelled Anna Ivanovna and sometimes anglicized as Anne, was regent of the duchy of Courland from 1711 until 1730 and then ruled as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. Much of her administration was defined or heavily influenced by actions set in motion by her uncle, Peter the Great, such as the lavish building projects in St. Petersburg, funding the Russian Academy of Science, and measures which generally favored the nobility, such as the repeal of a primogeniture law in 1730. In the West, Anna's reign was traditionally viewed as a continuation of the transition from the old Muscovy ways to the European court envisioned by Peter the Great. Within Russia Anna's reign is often referred to as a \"dark era\".", "Q95314": "Hannes Jaenicke (born 26 February 1960 in Frankfurt am Main) is a German actor, voice actor, audiobook narrator and author. He has played in various television programs and movies, including Lost Treasure.\nAfter he was born, Jaenicke moved with his family to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. They remained there until he was ten years old.", "Q39940": "Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope, (7 January 1883 \u2013 12 June 1963) was a senior officer of the Royal Navy during the Second World War. He was widely known by his nickname, \"ABC\".Cunningham was born in Rathmines in the south side of Dublin on 7 January 1883. After starting his schooling in Dublin and Edinburgh, he enrolled at Stubbington House School, at the age of ten. He entered the Royal Navy in 1897 as a naval cadet in the officers' training ship Britannia, passing out in 1898. He commanded a destroyer during the First World War and through most of the interwar period. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and two Bars, for his performance during this time, specifically for his actions in the Dardanelles and in the Baltics.\nIn the Second World War, as Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, Cunningham led British naval forces to victory in several critical Mediterranean naval battles. These included the attack on Taranto in 1940, the first completely all-aircraft naval attack in history, and the Battle of Cape Matapan in 1941. Cunningham controlled the defence of the Mediterranean supply lines through Alexandria, Gibraltar, and the key chokepoint of Malta. He also directed naval support for the various major Allied landings in the Western Mediterranean littoral. In 1943, Cunningham was promoted to First Sea Lord, the professional head of the Royal Navy, a position he held until his retirement in 1946. He was ennobled as Baron Cunningham of Hyndhope in 1945 and made Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope the following year. After his retirement, Cunningham enjoyed several ceremonial positions, including Lord High Steward at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. He died on 12 June 1963, aged 80.", "Q738155": "Giovanni de Riu (10 March 1925 \u2013 11 December 2008) was a racing driver from Italy. He failed to qualify for the 1954 Italian Grand Prix, with a privately entered Maserati.", "Q28695": "The University of Helsinki (Finnish: Helsingin yliopisto, Swedish: Helsingfors universitet, Latin: Universitas Helsingiensis, abbreviated UH) is a university located in Helsinki, Finland since 1829, but founded in the city of Turku (in Swedish \u00c5bo) in 1640 as the Royal Academy of \u00c5bo, at that time part of the Swedish Empire. It is the oldest and largest university in Finland with the widest range of disciplines available. In 2018, around 31,200 students were enrolled in the degree programs of the university spread across 11 faculties and 11 research institutes.As of 1 August 2005, the university complies with the harmonized structure of the Europe-wide Bologna Process and offers Bachelor, Master, Licenciate, and Doctoral degrees. Admission to degree programmes is usually determined by entrance examinations, in the case of bachelor's degrees, and by prior degree results, in the case of master and postgraduate degrees. Entrance is particularly selective (circa 15% of the yearly applicants are admitted). It has been ranked a top 100 university in the world according to the 2016 ARWU, QS and THE rankings.The university is bilingual, with teaching by law provided both in Finnish and Swedish. Since Swedish, albeit an official language of Finland, is a minority language, Finnish is by far the dominating language at the university. Teaching in English is extensive throughout the university at Master, Licentiate, and Doctoral levels, making it a de facto third language of instruction.\nRemaining true to its traditionally strong Humboldtian ethos, the University of Helsinki places heavy emphasis on high-quality teaching and research of a top international standard. It is a member of various prominent international university networks, such as Europaeum, UNICA, the Utrecht Network, and is a founding member of the League of European Research Universities.", "Q381445": "Tony Kaye (born Anthony John Selvidge; 11 January 1945) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, producer and manager, best known as a founding member of the rock band Yes. Born into a musical family, Kaye was classically trained and intended to become a concert pianist before he developed an interest in jazz and contemporary rock and pop music. He joined several groups through the 1960s, including the Federals, Johnny Taylor's Star Combo, Jimmy Winston & His Reflections, and Bittersweet.\nFrom 1968 to 1971, Kaye was a member of Yes and played on their first three albums. He then formed Badger and relocated to Los Angeles in 1974, after which he toured with David Bowie and joined Detective. Kaye then played in Badfinger and is featured on their final studio album in 1981. He returned to Yes in 1983 for their most commercially successful period before he left in 1994.\nKaye has since been involved with several projects with Billy Sherwood and is a current member of Circa. From 2009 to 2011, the two were also members of the supergroup Yoso with members of Toto. In 2017, Kaye was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Yes.", "Q38486": "The Death and Life of Bobby Z, also known as Bobby Z and Let's Kill Bobby Z, is a 2007 American-German action film, directed by John Herzfeld, and starring Paul Walker, Laurence Fishburne, Olivia Wilde and Joaquim de Almeida. The film received an R rating by the MPAA for violence, some drug use, language and brief nudity. Don Winslow, who wrote the novel on which the film is based, acknowledged that the screen adaption was not successful.", "Q380983": "Siobhan Dowd (4 February 1960 \u2013 21 August 2007) was a British writer and activist. The last book she completed, Bog Child, posthumously won the 2009 Carnegie Medal from the professional librarians, recognising the year's best book for children or young adults published in the U.K.", "Q122356": "\u00c9douard Rod (March 31, 1857 \u2013 January 29, 1910) was a French-Swiss novelist.He was born at Nyon, in Switzerland, studied at Lausanne, where he wrote his doctoral thesis about the Oedipus legend (Le d\u00e9veloppement de la l\u00e9gende d'\u0152dipe dans l'histoire de la litt\u00e9rature), and Berlin, and in 1878 found his way to Paris.In 1881 he dedicated his novel, Palmyre Veulard, to Zola, of whom he was at this period of his career a faithful disciple. A series of novels of similar tendency followed. In 1884 he became editor of the Revue contemporaine, and in 1887 succeeded Marc Monnier as professor of comparative literature at Geneva, where he remained until 1893.La Course de la mort (1888) marks a turning-point in his career: in it he forsook the so-called naturalistic novel for the analysis of moral motives. He is at his best in presenting cases of conscience, the struggle between passion and duty, and the virtues of renunciation. Le Sens de la vie (1889), one of his most famous books, is in the nature of a complement to La Course de la mort. It was followed by Les Trois c\u0153urs (1890), Le Sacrifice (1892), La Vie priv\u00e9e de Michel Teissier (1893), translated as The Private Life of an Eminent Politician (1893); La Seconde Vie de Michel Teissier (1894), Le Silence (1894), Les Roches blanches (1895), Le Dernier Refuge (1896), Le M\u00e9nage du pasteur Naudi (1898), a study of Protestant France; L'eau courante (1902), L'Inutile effort (1903), Un Vainqueur (1904), L'Indocile (1905), and L'Incendie (1906). M. Rod's books of literary criticism include Les Id\u00e9es morales du temps pr\u00e9sent (1897), an admirable Essai sur Goethe (1898), Stendhal (1892), and some columns of collected essays. He published L'Affaire J.-J. Rousseau in 1906, and in the same year he drew from an episode in the life of the philosopher a play in three acts, Le R\u00e9formateur, which was produced at the Nouveau-Th\u00e9\u00e2tre in Paris.He died in the southeastern French town of Grasse in January 1910.", "Q241675": "Marta Marrero (born May 18, 1969), known as Martika, is an American singer-songwriter and actress, who released two internationally successful albums in the late 1980s and early 1990s, selling over four million copies worldwide. Her biggest hit was \"Toy Soldiers\" which peaked at number 1 for two weeks in the American charts in mid-1989. She is also known for her role as Gloria on Kids Incorporated.", "Q172561": "Walt Brown (December 30, 1911 \u2013 July 29, 1951) was an American racecar driver. A Champ Car specialist, his career in the big cars began in 1941, and he recorded one win, in 1948 at Langhorne Speedway.\nBrown died in a low speed accident at Williams Grove Speedway on 29 July 1951, the day widely known as \"Black Sunday\" because two other drivers also died (in consecutive qualifying runs at Funk's Speedway in Winchester, Indiana) on the same day.", "Q465598": "Hi\u1ec7p H\u00f2a (Hanoi: [hi\u0259p\u031a\u02e7\u02e8\u0294 hwa\u02d0\u02e8\u02e9], H\u00e1n t\u1ef1: \u5354\u548c, lit. \"harmonization\", 11 January 1847 - 29 November 1883), born Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac H\u1ed3ng D\u1eadt, was the sixth emperor of the Vietnamese Nguy\u1ec5n Dynasty and reigned for four months (30 July 1883 \u2013 29 November 1883).\nHi\u1ec7p H\u00f2a was the 29th son of Emperor Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb. After his nephew D\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c was deposed by court officials following a three-day reign in 1883 he reasserted the family's claim on the throne. However he presided over his nation's defeat by the French navy at the Battle of Thu\u1eadn An in August 1883, and on 25 August 1883 he signed a treaty which made Vietnam a protectorate of France, ending Vietnam's independence. For this, he was deposed and forced by officials to commit suicide.\n\n", "Q283520": "Henri Emile Anatole Menier (July 14, 1853 \u2013 September 6, 1913) was a French businessman and adventurer and a member of the Menier family of chocolatiers. Born in Paris, he was the son of Emile-Justin Menier and grandson to Antoine Brutus Menier who founded the Menier Chocolate company. On his father's death in 1881, Henri Menier became mayor of Noisiel, an office he held for 32 years until his death in 1913. The beneficiary of a substantial fortune, and having a large annual income from the family business, Henri Menier spent a great deal of his time and money pursuing various leisure interests, notably yachting and auto racing. As the eldest son, Henri Menier was the titular head of the company but the day-to-day management would mostly be left to his very capable brother Gaston.\nA member of the governing council of the Yacht Club de France, Menier studied naval architecture and yacht design. He owned several large sailing and steam powered yachts and journeyed to numerous European ports and with his a group of friends including Ren\u00e9 Waldeck-Rousseau, sailed north to Iceland and Norway. Menier undertook a three-year-long voyage through the Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas, the Suez Canal and the Red Sea. He also sailed across the Atlantic Ocean several times to visit Anticosti Island that he owned in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.\nWhen automobiles made their debut, Henri Menier was one of the few who could afford them. He became a racing enthusiast and helped found the Automobile Club de France which would organize the 1906 French Grand Prix, the world's first Grand Prix motor racing event, at the Circuit de la Sarthe, in Le Mans. Menier took part in the 1902 Gordon Bennett Cup Paris to Innsbruck auto race and won the silver medal in the touring car category.\nAvid hunters of deer on horseback, Henri Menier and his brothers acquired more than 13,000 acres (53 km\u00b2) of forested land in the Picardy region as well as in the Val-d'Oise d\u00e9partement where Henri owned a ch\u00e2teau in the town of Vaur\u00e9al. In April 1913 Henri Menier also bought the Ch\u00e2teau de Chenonceau in France's Loire Valley which today is still owned by family members and is a major tourist attraction.", "Q67182": "Rehetobel is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q142": "France (French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303s] (listen)), officially the French Republic (French: R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise, pronounced [\u0281epyblik f\u0281\u0251\u0303s\u025b\u02d0z] (listen)), is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland and Italy to the east, and Andorra and Spain to the south. The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The country's 18 integral regions (five of which are situated overseas) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres (248,573 sq mi) and a total population of 67.08 million (as of March 2020). France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban areas include Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Lille and Nice. France, including its overseas territories, has the most number of time zones of any country, with a total of 12.\nDuring the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. Rome annexed the area in 51 BC, holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476, who formed the Kingdom of Francia. The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia, Middle Francia and West Francia. West Francia, which became the Kingdom of France in 987, emerged as a major European power in the Middle Ages under King Philip Augustus. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established, which by the 20th century would become the second largest in the world. The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). France became Europe's dominant cultural, political, and military power in the 17th century under Louis XIV. In the late 18th century, the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy, establishing one of modern history's earliest republics and drafting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which expresses the nation's ideals to this day.\nIn the 19th century, Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire. His subsequent Napoleonic Wars (1803\u201315) shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. France was a major participant in World War I, from which it emerged victorious, and was one of the Allies in World War II, but came under occupation by the Axis powers in 1940. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War. The Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains today. Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s, with most retaining close economic and military connections with France.\nFrance has long been a global centre of art, science, and philosophy. It hosts the world's fifth-largest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is the leading tourist destination, receiving around 83 million foreign visitors annually, but if it counted the nights spent by non-residents tourist, France become the sixth country in world with 138 millions of nights, behind United States, China, Spain, Italy and United Kingdom. France is a developed country with the world's seventh-largest economy by nominal GDP, and the tenth-largest by PPP. In terms of aggregate household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, and human development. France is considered a great power in global affairs, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone, and a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and La Francophonie.", "Q653086": "Michael David Rosenberg (born 17 May 1984), better known by his stage name Passenger, is an English singer-songwriter and musician. Previously the main vocalist and songwriter of Passenger, Rosenberg opted to keep the band's name for his solo work after the band dissolved in 2009. His most successful single, \"Let Her Go\", has topped the charts in many countries. In 2014, the song was nominated for the Brit Award for British Single of the Year, and he received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Most Performed Work.", "Q445648": "Kaki King (born Katherine Elizabeth King, August 24, 1979) is an American guitarist and composer. King is known for her percussive and jazz-tinged melodies, energetic live shows, use of multiple tunings on acoustic and lap steel guitar, and her diverse range in different genres.\nIn February 2006, Rolling Stone released a list of \"The New Guitar Gods\", on which King was the sole woman and youngest artist (beating Derek Trucks in age by two months as the youngest on the list). Her career includes six LP and two EP albums, as well as several scores for television and film. She worked alongside Eddie Vedder and Michael Brook contributing music for the soundtrack to Sean Penn's Into the Wild, for which the trio received nominations for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score.", "Q77391": "Stanislaw Tillich (German pronunciation: [\u02c8stan\u026aslaf \u02c8t\u026al\u026a\u00e7]; Upper Sorbian: Stanis\u0142aw Tilich; born 10 April 1959) is a German CDU politician. He served as the 3rd Minister President of Saxony from 2008 to 2017. From 1 November 2015 until 31 October 2016 he was President of the Bundesrat and ex officio deputy to the President of Germany. Tillich is of Sorbian ethnicity and lives in Panschwitz-Kuckau (Pan\u010dicy-Kukow), which is 35 kilometres north-east of Dresden near Kamenz.", "Q1544035": "Gray Gordon, born Jerome Rohkar (May 4, 1904, Freeport, Illinois - July 18, 1976, New York City) was an American saxophonist and big band leader active in the 1930s and 1940s.\nGordon first led a band called the Pretzel Five when he was still in high school. He moved to Chicago in the mid-1920s, where he played with the Seattle Harmony Kings and Elmo Mack's Purple Derby Orchestra. He led a band which played the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago. In 1936 he relocated to New York City, where he founded his first professional band, taking the stage name Gray Gordon during a touring engagement at the Hotel Chase in St. Louis.\nGordon called his band the Tic Toc Rhythm, based on the distinct clock-like rhythmic figure played on temple blocks by his percussionist Frank Adams. This was often accompanied by a trombone figuration prior to the beginning of songs, which helped identify the band to listeners during radio performances. For several years from 1939, he held a six-month engagement at the Hotel Edison in New York, whose performances were broadcast nightly on radio, and toured the other half of the year. His group started as a smaller ensemble - three brass instruments, three saxophones, and three rhythm instruments - but in 1940 he expanded it to twelve musicians or more, plus vocalists. He recorded several times for Bluebird and Victor during the period 1940-41; he also recorded four sound films in 1941 playing swing jazz. One of his signature songs, \"I Am an American\", was a popular tune at war bond rallies during World War II. He married dancer Noel Carter in 1941; they divorced in 1949.Gordon dissolved his band in 1945 and later worked in artist and repertory in the music business, including for Les Paul, Mary Ford, and King Guion. He also worked in public relations for hotels in Miami. He was living in New York City in 1976 when he died of cancer at St. Luke's Hospital. He is buried at Oakland Cemetery in his home town of Freeport.", "Q191375": "Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Bengali: \u09b6\u09c7\u0996 \u09ae\u09c1\u099c\u09bf\u09ac\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b0\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a8; 17 March 1920 \u2013 15 August 1975), shortened as Sheikh Mujib or just Mujib, was a Bangladeshi politician and statesman. He is called the \"Father of the Nation\" in Bangladesh. He served as the first President of Bangladesh and later as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 17 April 1971 until his assassination on 15 August 1975. He is considered to be the driving force behind the independence of Bangladesh. He is popularly dubbed with the title of \"Bangabandhu\" (B\u00f4ngobondhu \"Friend of Bengal\") by the people of Bangladesh. He became a leading figure in and eventually the leader of the Awami League, founded in 1949 as an East Pakistan\u2013based political party in Pakistan. Mujib is credited as an important figure in efforts to gain political autonomy for East Pakistan and later as the central figure behind the Bangladesh Liberation Movement and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. Thus, he is regarded \"Jatir Janak\" or \"Jatir Pita\" (Jatir J\u00f4nok or Jatir Pita, both meaning \"Father of the Nation\") of Bangladesh. His daughter Sheikh Hasina is the current leader of the Awami League and also the Prime Minister of Bangladesh.\nAn initial advocate of democracy and socialism, Mujib rose to the ranks of the Awami League and East Pakistani politics as a charismatic and forceful orator. He became popular for his opposition to the ethnic and institutional discrimination of Bengalis in Pakistan, who comprised the majority of the state's population. At the heightening of sectional tensions, he outlined a six-point autonomy plan and was jailed by the regime of Field Marshal Ayub Khan for treason. Mujib led the Awami League to win the first democratic election of Pakistan in 1970. Despite gaining a majority, the League was not invited by the ruling military junta to form a government. As civil disobedience erupted across East Pakistan, Mujib indirectly announced independence of Bangladesh during a landmark speech on 7 March 1971. On 26 March 1971, the Pakistan Army responded to the mass protests with Operation Searchlight, in which Prime Minister\u2013elect Mujib was arrested and flown to solitary confinement in West Pakistan, while Bengali civilians, students, intellectuals, politicians and military defectors were murdered as part of the 1971 Bangladesh genocide. During Mujib's absence, many Bengalis joined the Mukti Bahini and, helped by the Indian Armed Forces, defeated the Pakistan Armed Forces during the Bangladesh Liberation War. After Bangladesh's independence, Mujib was released from Pakistani custody due to international pressure and returned to Dhaka in January 1972 after a short visit to Britain and India.\nSheikh Mujib became the Prime Minister of Bangladesh under a parliamentary system adopted by the new country. He charged the provisional parliament to write a new constitution proclaiming the four fundamental principles of \"nationalism, secularism, democracy, and socialism\", which reflect his political views collectively known as Mujibism. The Awami League won a huge mandate in the country's first general election in 1973. However, Mujib faced challenges of rampant unemployment, poverty and corruption, as well as the Bangladesh famine of 1974. The government was criticized for denying constitutional recognition to indigenous minorities and human rights violations by its security forces, notably the National Defence Force paramilitary. Amid rising political agitation, Mujib initiated one party socialist rule in January 1975. Six months later, he and most of his family were assassinated by renegade army officers during a coup. A martial law government was subsequently established. In a 2004 BBC poll, Mujib was voted the Greatest Bengali of all time.", "Q322675": "The bouzouki (, also US: ; Greek: \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba\u03b9 [bu\u02c8zuci]; alt. pl. bouzoukia, from Greek \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1), also spelled buzuki or buzuci, is a musical instrument popular in Greece. It is a member of the long-necked lute family, with a round body with a flat top and a long neck with a fretted fingerboard. It has steel strings and is played with a plectrum producing a sharp metallic sound, reminiscent of a mandolin but pitched lower. There are two main types of bouzouki: the trichordo (three-course) has three pairs of strings (known as courses) and the tetrachordo (four-course) has four pairs of strings. The instrument was brought to Greece in the 1900s by Greek immigrants from Turkey, and quickly became the central instrument to the rebetiko genre and its music branches. It is now an important element of modern Greek music.", "Q95843": "Paul Moldenhauer (2 December 1876 in Cologne \u2013 1 February 1947) was a German lawyer, economist and politician (DVP). He served as a German congressman (reichstagsabgeordneter) 1920-1932 and was Germany\u2019s Minister of Finance and Minister of Trade and Industry in the late 1920s and early 1930s.", "Q277648": "Taxi 3 is a 2003 French action comedy film directed by G\u00e9rard Krawczyk. Starring Samy Naceri, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Diefenthal and Marion Cotillard. It is the sequel to Taxi 2, and was followed by Taxi 4.\n\n", "Q165592": "Joseph Leftwich (1892\u20131983), born Joseph Lefkowitz, was a British critic and translator into English of Yiddish literature. He is known particularly for his 1939 anthology The Golden Peacock of Yiddish poetry, and his 1957 biography of Israel Zangwill.\nHe was one of the 'Whitechapel Boys' group (the others being John Rodker, Isaac Rosenberg and Stephen Winsten) of aspiring young Jewish writers in London's East End, in the period roughly 1910\u20131914. He himself retrospectively coined the name, to include also the artists David Bomberg and Mark Gertler.\nHis daughter Joan married the American writer Joseph McElroy.", "Q1679683": "Linda Jones (December 14, 1944 \u2013 March 14, 1972) was an American soul singer with a strong gospel-influenced style.\n\n", "Q868810": "Haim ( HY-im, stylized in all caps) is an American pop rock band from Los Angeles. The band consists of three sisters: Este Haim (bass guitar and vocals), Danielle Haim (vocals and guitar) and Alana Haim (guitars, keyboards, and vocals). In addition to their primary instruments, each member is also proficient in several others. The group's pop sound on their studio work stands in contrast to the more rock-based music of their live shows.\nThe sisters grew up in a musical family, and began playing instruments from an early age in the cover band Rockinhaim, fronted by their parents, Moti and Donna. The two elder sisters, Este and Danielle, began performing with the pop group Valli Girls in 2005. They released a few songs on soundtrack and compilation albums under that name, but left the group shortly after an appearance at the 2005 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards. They formed Haim with younger sister Alana in 2007, but did not seriously consider it a professional career for some years. After Danielle became a successful touring guitarist, first with Jenny Lewis and later with Julian Casablancas, Haim reformed as a full-time operation in 2012.\nThe group's first release, Forever (an EP released as a limited-time download), combined with positive reception at the South by Southwest festival, led to a deal with Polydor Records and a management deal with Jay-Z's Roc Nation group in mid-2012. The band began recording material for their first album, Days Are Gone, in sessions between touring dates, including appearances at the Glastonbury Festival. The album charted in the top ten in several countries, including the number-one spot in the UK, and the group had won several \"best of\" awards by the end of 2013. The group was nominated for Best New Artist at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards. Their second album, Something to Tell You, was released in July 2017. Their forthcoming third album, titled Women in Music Pt. III, is scheduled for release on August 21, 2020.", "Q104178": "Thomas M\u00fcller-Pering (born 1958 in Cologne) is a classical guitarist from Germany. He studied under Prof. Tadashi Sasaki at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik K\u00f6ln and performed in the master classes of John Williams, Jos\u00e9 Tom\u00e1s, Oscar Ghiglia and Siegfried Behrend. In 1983 he was awarded 1st Prize in the \"Concurso internacional de ejecuci\u00f3n musical\" in Vi\u00f1a del Mar, Chile. He has concertized throughout Europe, North and South-America, Africa and Asia. His numerous recordings include a collaboration with Manuel Barrueco with whom he recorded the \"Danzas Espa\u00f1olas\" by Enrique Granados for EMI. He taught at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik K\u00f6ln from 1980 to 1998. He began teaching at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik \"Franz Liszt\" Weimar [1] in 1994 becoming a full professor at this school in 1997.", "Q60362": "The Puppet Masters is a 1994 science fiction film, adapted by Ted Elliott, Terry Rossio and David S. Goyer from Robert A. Heinlein's 1951 novel of the same title, in which a trio of American government agents attempts to thwart a covert invasion of Earth by mind-controlling alien parasites. The film was directed by Stuart Orme and stars Donald Sutherland, Eric Thal, Keith David, Julie Warner and Andrew Robinson.", "Q180278": "Charles-Fran\u00e7ois Gounod (; French: [\u0283a\u0281l f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa \u0261uno]; 17 June 1818 \u2013 18 October 1893), usually known as Charles Gounod, was a French composer. He wrote twelve operas, of which the most popular has always been Faust (1859); his Rom\u00e9o et Juliette (1867) also remains in the international repertory. He composed a large amount of church music, many songs, and popular short pieces including his Ave Maria (an elaboration of a Bach piece), and Funeral March of a Marionette.\nBorn in Paris into an artistic and musical family Gounod was a student at the Conservatoire de Paris and won France's most prestigious musical prize, the Prix de Rome. His studies took him to Italy, Austria and then Prussia, where he met Felix Mendelssohn, whose advocacy of the music of Bach was an early influence on him. He was deeply religious, and after his return to Paris, he briefly considered becoming a priest. He composed prolifically, writing church music, songs, orchestral music and operas. \nGounod's career was disrupted by the Franco-Prussian War. He moved to England with his family for refuge from the Prussian advance on Paris in 1870. After peace was restored in 1871 his family returned to Paris but he remained in London, living in the house of an amateur singer, Georgina Weldon, who became the controlling figure in his life. After nearly three years he broke away from her and returned to his family in France. His absence, and the appearance of younger French composers, meant that he was no longer at the forefront of French musical life; although he remained a respected figure he was regarded as old-fashioned during his later years, and operatic success eluded him. He died at his house in Saint-Cloud, near Paris at the age of 75.\nFew of Gounod's works remain in the regular international repertoire, but his influence on later French composers was considerable. In his music there is a strand of romantic sentiment that is continued in the operas of Jules Massenet and others; there is also a strand of classical restraint and elegance that influenced Gabriel Faur\u00e9. Claude Debussy wrote that Gounod represented the essential French sensibility of his time.", "Q3912": "Arnsberg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u0281nsb\u025b\u0281k] (listen); Westphalian: Arensperg) is a town in the Hochsauerland county, in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is the location of the Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg's administration and one of the three local administration offices of the Hochsauerlandkreis.", "Q980374": "Nicole Margaret Fiorentino (born April 7, 1979) is an American bass guitarist. Originally a touring member of the alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins (replacing Ginger Pooley and her temporary replacement Mark Tulin), she became an official member in 2010. She performs on the band's third Teargarden by Kaleidyscope EP (2011) and subsequent album Oceania (2012). Fiorentino departed the band in 2014.\n\n", "Q153020": "Jos\u00e9 Ortega y Gasset (Spanish: [xo\u02c8se o\u027e\u02c8te\u0263a i \u0263a\u02c8set]; 9 May 1883 \u2013 18 October 1955) was a Spanish philosopher and essayist. He worked during the first half of the 20th century, while Spain oscillated between monarchy, republicanism, and dictatorship. His philosophy has been characterized as a \"philosophy of life\" that \"comprised a long-hidden beginning in a pragmatist metaphysics inspired by William James, and with a general method from a realist phenomenology imitating Edmund Husserl, which served both his proto-existentialism (prior to Martin Heidegger's) and his realist historicism, which has been compared to both Wilhelm Dilthey and Benedetto Croce.\"", "Q1711259": "Marius M\u00fcller (20 August 1958 \u2013 14 March 1999) was a Norwegian guitarist, vocalist, songwriter, radio host, television host and record producer. He was raised in Manglerud, Oslo and began his career as a professional musician at sixteen. He first became famous in 1981 with the song \"Den du veit\" and released a total of six solo albums and five albums within the band Funhouse where he was the front man. M\u00fcller died 14 March 1999 in a car accident in Groruddalen, Oslo. He was considered one of the foremost guitarists in Norway.\n\n", "Q101000": "Eugen H\u00f6nig (9 March 1873, Kaiserslautern, Kingdom of Bavaria \u2013 24 June 1945) was one of Adolf Hitler's architects. \nIn 1931 H\u00f6nig, along with other German architects such as Alexander von Senger, Konrad Nonn, German Bestelmeyer and especially Paul Schultze-Naumburg were deputized in the National Socialist fight against modern architecture, in a para-governmental propaganda unit called the Kampfbund deutscher Architekten und Ingenieure (KDAI). Through the pages of V\u00f6lkischer Beobachter these architects actively attacked the modern style in openly racist and political tones, placing much of the blame on members of the architectural group The Ring, calling Walter Gropius an \"elegant salon-bolshevist\", and calling the Bauhaus \"the cathedral of Marxism\".", "Q9581": "Confucianism, also known as Ruism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life, Confucianism developed from what was later called the Hundred Schools of Thought from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (551\u2013479 BCE).\nConfucius considered himself a recodifier and retransmitter of the theology and values inherited from the Shang (c. 1600\u20131046 BCE) and Zhou dynasties (c.\u20091046\u2013256 BCE) for the Warring States period. Confucianism was suppressed during the Legalist and autocratic Qin dynasty (221\u2013206 BCE), but survived. During the Han dynasty (206 BCE\u2013220 CE), Confucian approaches edged out the \"proto-Taoist\" Huang\u2013Lao as the official ideology, while the emperors mixed both with the realist techniques of Legalism.A Confucian revival began during the Tang dynasty (618\u2013907). In the late Tang, Confucianism developed in response to Buddhism and Taoism and was reformulated as Neo-Confucianism. This reinvigorated form was adopted as the basis of the imperial exams and the core philosophy of the scholar official class in the Song dynasty (960\u20131297). The abolition of the examination system in 1905 marked the end of official Confucianism. The intellectuals of the New Culture Movement of the early twentieth century blamed Confucianism for China's weaknesses. They searched for new doctrines to replace Confucian teachings; some of these new ideologies include the \"Three Principles of the People\" with the establishment of the Republic of China, and then Maoism under the People's Republic of China. In the late twentieth century Confucian work ethic has been credited with the rise of the East Asian economy.With particular emphasis on the importance of the family and social harmony, rather than on an otherworldly source of spiritual values, the core of Confucianism is humanistic. According to Herbert Fingarette's conceptualisation of Confucianism as a religion which regards \"the secular as sacred\", Confucianism transcends the dichotomy between religion and humanism, considering the ordinary activities of human life\u2014and especially human relationships\u2014as a manifestation of the sacred, because they are the expression of humanity's moral nature (x\u00ecng \u6027), which has a transcendent anchorage in Heaven (Ti\u0101n \u5929). While Ti\u0101n has some characteristics that overlap the category of godhead, it is primarily an impersonal absolute principle, like the D\u00e0o (\u9053) or the Brahman. Confucianism focuses on the practical order that is given by a this-worldly awareness of the Ti\u0101n. Confucian liturgy (called \u5112 r\u00fa, or sometimes simplified Chinese: \u6b63\u7edf; traditional Chinese: \u6b63\u7d71; pinyin: zh\u00e8ngt\u01d2ng, meaning 'orthoprax') led by Confucian priests or \"sages of rites\" (\u793c\u751f; \u79ae\u751f; l\u01d0sh\u0113ng) to worship the gods in public and ancestral Chinese temples is preferred on certain occasions, by Confucian religious groups and for civil religious rites, over Taoist or popular ritual.The worldly concern of Confucianism rests upon the belief that human beings are fundamentally good, and teachable, improvable, and perfectible through personal and communal endeavor, especially self-cultivation and self-creation. Confucian thought focuses on the cultivation of virtue in a morally organised world. Some of the basic Confucian ethical concepts and practices include r\u00e9n, y\u00ec, and l\u01d0, and zh\u00ec. R\u00e9n (\u4ec1, 'benevolence' or 'humaneness') is the essence of the human being which manifests as compassion. It is the virtue-form of Heaven. Y\u00ec (\u4e49; \u7fa9) is the upholding of righteousness and the moral disposition to do good. L\u01d0 (\u793c; \u79ae) is a system of ritual norms and propriety that determines how a person should properly act in everyday life in harmony with the law of Heaven. Zh\u00ec (\u667a) is the ability to see what is right and fair, or the converse, in the behaviors exhibited by others. Confucianism holds one in contempt, either passively or actively, for failure to uphold the cardinal moral values of r\u00e9n and y\u00ec.\nTraditionally, cultures and countries in the Chinese cultural sphere are strongly influenced by Confucianism, including mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam, as well as various territories settled predominantly by Chinese people, such as Singapore. Today, it has been credited for shaping East Asian societies and Chinese communities, and to some extent, other parts of Asia. In the last decades there have been talks of a \"Confucian Revival\" in the academic and the scholarly community, and there has been a grassroots proliferation of various types of Confucian churches. In late 2015 many Confucian personalities formally established a national Holy Confucian Church (\u5b54\u5723\u4f1a; \u5b54\u8056\u6703; K\u01d2ngsh\u00e8nghu\u00ec) in China to unify the many Confucian congregations and civil society organisations.", "Q158175": "Robert James Ritchie Sr. (born January 17, 1971), known professionally as Kid Rock and Bobby Shazam, is an American singer-songwriter, rapper, disc jockey, musician, record producer, and actor. In a career spanning 30 years, Rock's musical style alternates between rock, hip hop, and country. A multi-instrumentalist, he has overseen his own production on nine of his eleven studio albums.\nKid Rock started his professional music career as a self-taught rapper and DJ, releasing his debut album Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast in 1990 on Jive Records; his subsequent independent releases The Polyfuze Method (1993) and Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp (1996) saw him developing a more distinctive style which was fully realized on his 1998 album Devil Without a Cause (1998), his breakthrough album, which sold 14 million copies. Devil Without a Cause and his subsequent album, Cocky (2001), were noted for blending elements of hip hop, country, rock and heavy metal. Starting with his 2010 album Born Free, the country music style has dominated his musical direction. He has not rapped on his albums since the 2003 album Kid Rock, with the exception of one track each on Rock n Roll Jesus (2007) and Sweet Southern Sugar (2017).\n\n", "Q379117": "Mohombi Nzasi Moupondo (born 17 October 1986) is a Swedish-Congolese singer, songwriter and dancer. He grew up in Norsborg and Kista near Stockholm. Mohombi was RedOne's first signing to 2101 Records in joint venture with Universal Music Group. From 2000 to 2008, Mohombi was part of the Swedish hip hop group Avalon with his brother Djo Moupondo. Mohombi released his debut solo single \"Bumpy Ride\" in August 2010. The single became a worldwide hit, and charted in the top-ten in several countries, and was followed by his debut studio album MoveMeant in February 2011.\n\n", "Q1462569": "Willem Tanke (born April 4, 1959 in Hengelo, the Netherlands) is an organist and acclaimed recitalist known for his interpretations of works by J.S. Bach, Max Reger, Olivier Messiaen and contemporary composers. In addition he is noted for his own musical language as an improviser and a performing composer. As a teenager, he was drawn especially to wanting to play the organ by the religiously-inspired music of J.S. Bach and Olivier Messiaen, and also John Coltrane.", "Q96392": "Gina Janssen (born 1953) is a former German film actress and glamour model. During the 1970s she starred in a number of sex comedies, and also worked with director Jesus Franco.", "Q234765": "Nadezhda Yakovlevna Mandelstam (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u042f\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043c, IPA: [n\u0250\u02c8d\u02b2e\u0290d\u0259 \u02c8jak\u0259vl\u02b2\u026avn\u0259 m\u0259nd\u02b2\u026al\u02b2\u02c8\u0282tam]; 30 October [O.S. 18 October] 1899 \u2013 29 December 1980) was a Russian Jewish writer and educator, and the wife of the poet Osip Mandelstam who died in 1938 in a transit camp to the gulag of Siberia. She wrote two memoirs about their lives together and the repressive Stalinist regime: Hope Against Hope (1970) and Hope Abandoned (1974), both first published in the West in English, translated by Max Hayward.\nOf these books the critic Clive James wrote, \"Hope Against Hope puts her at the centre of the liberal resistance under the Soviet Union. A masterpiece of prose as well as a model of biographical narrative and social analysis it is mainly the story of the terrible last years of persecution and torment before the poet [her husband Osip] was murdered. The sequel, Hope Abandoned, is about the author's personal fate, and is in some ways even more terrible, because, as the title implies, it is more about horror as a way of life than as an interruption to normal expectancy. [The two books] were key chapters in the new bible that the twentieth century had written for us.\"", "Q157246": "Bitola (; Macedonian: \u0411\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430 [\u02c8bit\u0254\u026ba] (listen)) is a city in the southwestern part of North Macedonia. It is located in the southern part of the Pelagonia valley, surrounded by the Baba, Nid\u017ee and Kajmak\u010dalan mountain ranges, 14 kilometres (9 miles) north of the Med\u017eitlija-N\u00edki border crossing with Greece. The city stands at an important junction connecting the south of the Adriatic Sea region with the Aegean Sea and Central Europe, and is an administrative, cultural, industrial, commercial, and educational centre. It has been known since the Ottoman period as \"The City of The Consuls\", since many European countries had consulates in Bitola.\nBitola, known during the Ottoman Empire as Manastir or Monastir, is one of the oldest cities in North Macedonia. It was founded as Heraclea Lyncestis in the middle of the 4th century BC by Philip II of Macedon. The city was the last capital of Ottoman Rumelia, from 1836 to 1867. According to the 2002 census, Bitola is the second-largest city in the country. Bitola is also the seat of the Bitola Municipality.", "Q2749562": "EmArcy Records is a jazz record label founded in 1954 by the American Mercury Records. The name is a phonetic spelling of \"MRC\", the initials for Mercury Record Company.During the 1950s and 1960s, musicians such as Max Roach, Clifford Brown, Cannonball Adderley, Dinah Washington, and Sarah Vaughan recorded for EmArcy.It is today a European jazz label owned by Universal Music Group. The catalogue is managed by the Island Records subsidiary.", "Q317816": "Emil and the Detectives is a 2001 German family film directed by Franziska Buch and starring Tobias Retzlaff, Anja Sommavilla and J\u00fcrgen Vogel. It is based on a novel by Erich K\u00e4stner.", "Q910001": "Gy\u0151z\u0151 Drozdy (English: Victor Drozdy, Bajtava, October 1, 1885 \u2013 Budapest, November 2, 1970) was a Hungarian teacher, journalist, and politician.", "Q118551": "Clarithromycin, sold under the brand name Biaxin among others, is an antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. This includes strep throat, pneumonia, skin infections, H. pylori infection, and Lyme disease, among others. Clarithromycin can be taken by mouth as a pill or liquid.Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headaches, and diarrhea. Severe allergic reactions are rare. Liver problems have been reported. It may cause harm if taken during pregnancy. It is in the macrolide class and works by decreasing protein production of some bacteria.Clarithromycin was developed in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1990. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. Clarithromycin is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between US$0.13 and $0.79 per dose. In the United States it is moderately expensive at $50\u2013100 for a course of treatment. It is made from erythromycin and is chemically known as 6-O-methylerythromycin.", "Q780745": "Worcester College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. The college was founded in 1714 by the benefaction of Sir Thomas Cookes, 2nd Baronet (1648-1701) of Norgrove, Worcestershire, whose coat of arms was adopted by the College. Its predecessor, Gloucester College, had been an institution of learning on the same site since the late 13th century until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539. Founded as a men's college, Worcester has been coeducational since 1979.As of 2018, Worcester College had a financial endowment of \u00a341.9 million.Notable alumni of the college include the media mogul Rupert Murdoch, television producer and screenwriter Russell T Davies, US Supreme Court justice Elena Kagan, Fields Medalist Simon Donaldson, and novelist Richard Adams.\nWorcester is consistently one of the most popular Oxford colleges amongst prospective applicants.", "Q64662": "Francis Mer (born 25 May 1939, in Pau) is a French businessman, industrialist and politician. A former alumnus of the \u00c9cole Polytechnique, and of the \u00c9cole des Mines de Paris, he is a member of the Corps des mines. He was hired in 1970 by the Saint-Gobain group. In 1982, he became chairman of the board of Pont-\u00e0-Mousson SA. In the 1980s, he joined the Saint-Simon Foundation think-tank.\nFollowing the 1986 legislative elections and the nomination of the conservative Jacques Chirac as Prime Minister, he was nominated as president of the new Usinor group. He was reelected to his position in 1995, upon the group's privatization, and renamed the group Arcelor in 2002. From 2002 to 2004, he was Minister of Finances in Jean-Pierre Raffarin's conservative government.\nSince 2005, he sits on the board of directors of Vale Inco, which benefited from an important tax rebate to exploit a nickel mine in New Caledonia while he was finance minister.In June 2009, he became chairman of the board of Safran.\nIn April 2011, due to the change of structure of Safran, Jean-Paul Herteman became CEO and Francis Mer became Vice Chairman.", "Q694042": "Michael Wagener (born April 25, 1951) is a music producer, mixer, and engineer from Hamburg, Germany, best known for his work with many top hard rock and heavy metal bands in the late 1980s. He is particularly renowned for his multi-amping and reamping techniques. Wagener's works have sold over ninety-four million albums worldwide.", "Q107317": "Ulfilas (c.\u2009311\u2013383), also known as Ulphilas and Orphila, all Latinized forms of the unattested Gothic form *\ud800\udf45\ud800\udf3f\ud800\udf3b\ud800\udf46\ud800\udf39\ud800\udf3b\ud800\udf30 Wulfila, literally \"Little Wolf\", was a Goth of Cappadocian Greek descent who served as a bishop and missionary, is credited with the translation of the Bible into the Gothic Bible, and participated in the Arian controversy. He developed the Gothic alphabet \u2013 inventing a writing system loosely based on a combination of a Runic alphabet and the Greek alphabet \u2013 in order for the Bible to be translated into the Gothic language. Although traditionally the translation of the Bible into the Gothic language has been ascribed to Ulfilas, analysis of the Gothic text indicates the involvement of a team of translators, possibly under his supervision.", "Q715548": "Arturo Soria y Mata (1844-1920) was an internationally important Spanish urban planner whose work remains highly inspirational today. He is most well known for his concept of the Linear City (exemplified in Madrid's Ciudad Lineal). \nHe studied the civil engineer career (Ingeniero de Caminos), but he didn't finish it.\nArturo Soria y Mata's idea of the Linear City (1882) replaced the traditional idea of the city as a centre and a periphery with the idea of constructing linear sections of infrastructure - roads, railways, gas, water, etc.- along an optimal line and then attaching the other components of the city along the length of this line. As compared to the concentric diagrams of Ebenezer Howard and other in the same period, Soria's linear city creates the infrastructure for a controlled process of expansion that joins one growing city to the next in a rational way, instead of letting them both sprawl. The linear city was meant to \u2018ruralize the city and urbanize the countryside\u2019, and to be universally applicable as a ring around existing cities, as a strip connecting two cities, or as an entirely new linear town across an unurbanized region. \n\n", "Q182309": "Cyrille Adoula (13 September 1921 \u2013 24 May 1978) was a Congolese trade unionist and politician. He was the prime minister of the Republic of the Congo, from 2 August 1961 until 30 June 1964.", "Q161092": "Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a; born 25 June 1975) is a Russian chess grandmaster. He was the Classical World Chess Champion from 2000 to 2006, and the undisputed World Chess Champion from 2006 to 2007. He has won three team gold medals and three individual medals at Chess Olympiads.In 2000, Kramnik defeated Garry Kasparov and became the Classical World Chess Champion. He defended his title in 2004 against P\u00e9ter L\u00e9k\u00f3, and defeated the reigning FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov in a unification match in 2006. As a result, Kramnik became the first undisputed World Champion, holding both the FIDE and Classical titles, since Kasparov split from FIDE in 1993.\nIn 2007, Kramnik lost the title to Viswanathan Anand, who won the World Chess Championship 2007 tournament ahead of Kramnik. He challenged Anand at the World Chess Championship 2008 to regain his title, but lost. Nonetheless, he remained a top player; he reached a peak rating of 2817 in October 2016, which makes him the joint-eighth highest-rated player of all time.\nKramnik publicly announced his retirement as a professional chess player in January 2019. He stated he intends to focus on projects relating to chess for children and education.", "Q32424": "Map of the Human Heart (also called Carte du Tendre and La Carte du Tendre; released in the Philippines as War Dragon) is a 1992 film by New Zealand director Vincent Ward. The script for Map of the Human Heart was written by Australian author Louis Nowra, using a 10-page treatment Ward had written a year earlier as his guide. Ward was originally intended at this time to be directing his script of the third film in the Alien series, but his dismissal from the sci fi project (leaving him credited solely as providing the story) led to his helming this film instead.\nMap of the Human Heart, set mostly before and during the Second World War, centres on the life of Avik, a Canadian Inuit boy. The film stars Robert Joamie and Jason Scott Lee as the youth and adult Avik. His love, Albertine (played as a child by Annie Galipeau and as an adult by Anne Parillaud) is countered by the imposing Walter Russell (Patrick Bergin), who plays a pivotal role as both surrogate father to Avik and his primary rival in Albertine's love. Jeanne Moreau has a minor role as a Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois nun. John Cusack also has a small but important role as the mapmaker to whom Avik relates his incredible tale.", "Q62213": "Hellmuth Stieff (6 June 1901 \u2013 8 August 1944) was a German general and a member of the OKH (German Army Headquarters) during World War II. He took part in attempts by the German resistance to assassinate Adolf Hitler on 7 and 20 July 1944.", "Q379671": "Post-grunge is a rock music subgenre that emerged in the 1990s. Originally, the term was used almost pejoratively to label bands such as Bush, Candlebox and Collective Soul that emulated the original sound of grunge.\nIn the late 1990s, post-grunge morphed into a more clearly defined style that married the sound and aesthetic of grunge with a less intense and abrasive tone, rising to prominence that lasted in the 2000s. Bands such as Foo Fighters, Live, Bush, Puddle of Mudd, Staind, Nickelback, Theory of a Deadman, Default, Creed and Matchbox Twenty all achieved mainstream success.", "Q656317": "Richard Rowlands, born Richard Verstegan (c. 1550 \u2013 1640), was an Anglo-Dutch antiquary, publisher, humorist and translator. Verstegan was born in East London the son of a cooper; his grandfather, Theodore Roland Verstegen, was a refugee from Guelders who arrived in England around the year 1500.", "Q179805": "Political philosophy, also known as political theory, is the study of topics such as politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of laws by authority: what they are, if they are needed, what makes a government legitimate, what rights and freedoms it should protect, what form it should take, what the law is, and what duties citizens owe to a legitimate government, if any, and when it may be legitimately overthrown, if ever. \nPolitical science is generally used in the singular, but in French and Spanish the plural (sciences politiques and ciencias pol\u00edticas, respectively) is used, perhaps a reflection of the discipline's eclectic nature.Political theory also engages questions of a broader scope, tackling the political nature of phenomena and categories such as identity, culture, sexuality, race, wealth, human-nonhuman relations, ecology, religion, and more. \nPolitical philosophy is a branch of philosophy, but it has also been a major part of political science, within which a strong focus has historically been placed on both the history of political thought and contemporary political theory (from normative political theory to various critical approaches). \nIn the Oxford Handbook in Political Theory (2006), the field is described as: \"[...] an interdisciplinary endeavor whose center of gravity lies at the humanities end of the happily still undisciplined discipline of political science ... For a long time, the challenge for the identity of political theory has been how to position itself productively in three sorts of location: in relation to the academic disciplines of political science, history, and philosophy; between the world of politics and the more abstract, ruminative register of theory; between canonical political theory and the newer resources (such as feminist and critical theory, discourse analysis, film and film theory, popular and political culture, mass media studies, neuroscience, environmental studies, behavioral science, and economics) on which political theorists increasingly draw.\"", "Q689775": "Graz University of Technology (German: Technische Universit\u00e4t Graz, short TU Graz) is one of five universities in Styria, Austria. It was founded in 1811 by Archduke John of Austria and currently comprises seven faculties. The university is a public university. It offers 18 bachelors and 33 masters study programmes (of which 16 are in English) across all technology and natural science disciplines. Doctoral training is organised in 14 English-speaking doctoral schools. The university has more than 13,000 students, and approximately 2,000 students graduate every year. Science study programmes are offered in the framework of NAWI Graz together with the University of Graz.\nThe university has a staff of 3,485. Research areas are combined in five fields of expertise.\nTU Graz, the University of Leoben and TU Wien form the network Austrian Universities of Technology (TU Austria) with approximately 47,000 students and 9,000 staff.", "Q69346": "Bernd Riexinger (born 30 October 1955 in Leonberg) is a German politician of the Left Party. He was named co-chairman of the party, together with Katja Kipping, on 2 June 2012.\n\n", "Q187271": "Lo Carmen (also known by her full name Loene Carmen prior to 2012) is an Australian singer-songwriter, musician and actress. Carmen has independently released six solo albums in the Americana alt-country indie rock vein.", "Q276230": "Marie-Monique Robin (born 15 June 1960, Poitou-Charentes) is a French TV journalist and documentary filmmaker. She generally issues books and documentary films together on the topics she investigates, in order to make more people aware of the issues she studies. \nHer work has been recognized by numerous awards: the 1995 Albert Londres Prize for Voleurs d'yeux (1994), an expos\u00e9 about organ theft; best political documentary award from the French Senate for Escadrons de la mort, l'\u00e9cole fran\u00e7aise (2003), her film about France's transfer of counter-insurgency techniques (including torture) to Argentina; and the Rachel Carson Prize for Le monde selon Monsanto (2008), her film on Monsanto and challenges to the environment from its products, including GMOs.\n\n", "Q82481": "William Stephen Morgan (September 7, 1801 \u2013 September 3, 1878) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia.\n\n", "Q569639": "Lahnstein (German pronunciation: [\u02c8la\u02d0n\u0283ta\u026an]) is a verband-free town of Rhein-Lahn-Kreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated at the confluence of the Lahn River with the Rhine, approximately 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of Koblenz. Lahnstein was created in 1969 by the merger of the previously independent towns of Oberlahnstein (or Upper Lahnstein) on the south side of the Lahn (above the river mouth) and Niederlahnstein on the north side (below the river mouth).\n\nSituated on the heights of the foothills of the Westerwald and the Taunus, Lahnstein is considered a fresh-air spa city with spa facilities and thermal baths. It is also the seat of a district court. In religious affairs, it is assigned to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg and to the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau.\nBecause of its strategic importance on the Rhine, Lahnstein was heavily fortified. Many old gates and towers still demonstrate its importance in the Middle Ages. Lahneck Castle, situated high above Oberlahnstein, was built between 1240 and 1245 and served as a residence of the Archbishop-Electors of Mainz. Other sights in Lahnstein include Martinsburg Castle on the bank of the Rhine in Oberlahnstein, the Allerheiligenbergkapelle, St. John's Abbey (Johanneskloster), and the Rheinsteig hiking trail.", "Q433537": "Marit Allen (17 September 1941 \u2013 26 November 2007) was an English fashion journalist and costume designer who specialized in costumes for films. She designed the costumes for several successful Hollywood films, including Mrs. Doubtfire, The Witches, Eyes Wide Shut, Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, Brokeback Mountain and La Vie en Rose. Her career as a film costume designer lasted over 33 years.", "Q239527": "Lena Marina Alexandra Dahlstr\u00f6m (born 12 February 1984) is a Swedish actress and film director.", "Q354085": "Mario Biondi (born Milan, 17 May 1939) is an Italian writer, poet, literary critic, journalist and translator. His reputation is mainly due to the novel Gli occhi di una donna, which earned him the important Italian award Premio Campiello in 1985. He has a keen interest in Central Asia and Tibetan history and culture, and in recent years has travelled all of the Silk Road through Turkey, Iran, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan and many provinces of China, among which Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Qinghai and obviously Xizang (Tibet).", "Q145124": "Krystijan Bogumi\u0142 \u0160wjela (also spelled \"Schwela\" and \"Schwele\") (5 September 1873 in Schorbus, Drebkau \u2013 20 May 1948 in Naumburg) was a Wendish/Sorbian Protestant clergyman and ethnic activist in the Lower Lausitz region. \nHe also acted as a linguist and journalist, was chairman of the Masica Serbska organization and co-founder of the Sorbian umbrella organization Domowina in 1911. \u0160wjela advocated the preservation of Sorbian language and culture in the Lower Lausitz.", "Q16592": "The Br\u00fcnnelistock (2,133 m) is a mountain of the Schwyzer Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Schwyz and Glarus. It lies north of the Mutteristock, on the range between the W\u00e4gitalersee and the Obersee.", "Q172788": "William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 \u2013 June 5, 1910), better known by his pen name O. Henry, was an American short story writer. His stories are known for their surprise endings.\n\n", "Q414188": "The G\u00f6ttingen Academy of Sciences (German: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu G\u00f6ttingen) is the second oldest of the seven academies of sciences in Germany. It has the task of promoting research under its own auspices and in collaboration with academics in and outside Germany. It has its seat in the university town of G\u00f6ttingen.", "Q103171": "Cyriakus Schneegass (German: Schneega\u00df; Latin: Snegassius, 5 October 1546 \u2013 23 October 1597) was a German Lutheran pastor, hymn writer, composer and music theorist.", "Q70617": "Montpreveyres is a municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q240782": "Harriet Taylor Mill (n\u00e9e Hardy; London, 8 October 1807 \u2013 Avignon, 3 November 1858) was a British philosopher and women's rights advocate. Her extant corpus of writing can be found in The Complete Works of Harriet Taylor Mill. She was married to John Stuart Mill, one of the pre-eminent thinkers of the 19th century.", "Q49082": "Mignon Holland Anderson (born 1945) is an American writer. She writes mainly short stories that focus on African-American life in the Eastern Shore of Virginia.", "Q4706851": "Alan Hellary (29 August 1923 \u2013 28 August 1992) was a British pilot who co-founded British Atlantic Airways, which would later become Virgin Atlantic Airways.", "Q92686": "David H. D. Warren is a computer scientist who worked primarily on logic programming and in particular the programming language Prolog in the 1970s and 1980s. Warren wrote the first compiler for Prolog, and the Warren Abstract Machine execution environment for Prolog is named after him.", "Q37548": "Northeastern University (NU or NEU) is a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts, established in 1898. It is categorized as an R1 institution (Doctoral Universities: Highest Research Activity) by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. The university offers undergraduate and graduate programs on its main campus in Boston. The university has satellite campuses in Charlotte, North Carolina; Seattle, Washington; San Jose, California; Toronto, Vancouver, and Portland, Maine that exclusively offer graduate degrees. In 2019, Northeastern purchased the New College of the Humanities in London, England. The university's enrollment is approximately 18,000 undergraduate students and 8,000 graduate students.Northeastern features a cooperative education program, more commonly known as \"co-op\", that integrates classroom study with professional experience and contains over 3,100 partners across all seven continents. The program has been a key part of Northeastern's curriculum of experiential learning for more than a hundred years and is one of the largest co-op/internship programs in the world. While it is not required for students of all academic disciplines to participate in the co-op program, participation is nearly universal among undergraduate students as it helps distinguish their university experience from that of other universities. Northeastern also has a comprehensive study abroad program that spans more than 170 universities and colleges.Northeastern is a large, highly residential university. Most students choose to live on campus but upperclassmen have the option to live off campus. More than 75% of Northeastern students receive some form of financial aid. In the 2019\u201320 school year, the university has committed $296.2 million in grant and scholarship assistance.The university's sports teams, the Northeastern Huskies, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) in 18 varsity sports. The men's and women's hockey teams compete in Hockey East, while the men's and women's rowing teams compete in the Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges (EARC) and Eastern Association of Women's Rowing Colleges (EAWRC), respectively. Men's Track and Field has won the CAA back to back years in 2015 and 2016. In 2013, men's basketball won its first CAA regular season championship, men's soccer won the CAA title for the first time, and women's ice hockey won a record 16th Beanpot championship. The Northeastern men's hockey team won the 2018, 2019, and 2020 Beanpot, beating out Boston University, Boston College, and Harvard.", "Q28468": "Mieszko II Lambert (Polish ; c. 990 \u2013 10/11 May 1034) was King of Poland from 1025\u20131031, and Duke from 1032 until his death.\nHe was the second son of Boles\u0142aw I the Brave, but the eldest born from his third wife Emnilda of Lusatia. He was probably named after his paternal grandfather, Mieszko I. His second name, Lambert, sometimes erroneously considered to be a nickname, was given to him as a reference to Saint Lambert. Also, it is probable that this name Lambert was chosen after Boles\u0142aw's half-brother Lambert. It is thought that the choice of this name for his son was an expression of warming relations between Boles\u0142aw I and his stepmother Oda.He organized two devastating invasions of Saxony in 1028 and 1030. Then, Mieszko II ran a defensive war against Germany, Bohemia and the Kievan princes. Mieszko II was forced to escape from the country in 1031 after an attack by Yaroslav I the Wise, who installed Mieszko's older half-brother Bezprym onto the Polish throne. Mieszko II took refuge in Bohemia, where he was imprisoned by the Duke Oldrich. In 1032 he regained power in one of the three districts, then united the country, making good use of the remaining power structures. At this time, several Polish territorial acquisitions of his father were lost: Upper Lusatia (also known as Milsko), part of Lower Lusatia, Red Ruthenia, the western and central parts of Upper Hungary (now Slovakia), and probably Moravia.\nMieszko II was very well educated for the period. He was able to read and write, and knew both Greek and Latin. He is unjustly known as Mieszko II Gnu\u015bny (the \"Lazy,\" \"Stagnant\" or \"Slothful\"). He received that epithet due to the unfortunate way his reign ended; but in the beginning he acted as a skillful and talented ruler.", "Q1161297": "The University of Sussex is a public research university located in Falmer, Sussex, England. Its campus is surrounded by the South Downs National Park and it is a short distance away from central Brighton. The University received its Royal Charter in August 1961, the first of the plate glass university generation, and was a founding member of the 1994 Group of research-intensive universities.\nMore than a third of its students are enrolled in postgraduate programs and approximately a third of staff are from outside the United Kingdom. Sussex has a diverse community of over 17,000 students, with around one in three being foreign students, and over 1000 academics, representing over 140 different nationalities. The annual income of the institution for 2016\u201317 was \u00a3286.1 million with an expenditure of \u00a3270.4 million. In 2017, over 32,000 students applied to the University of Sussex, with around 5,000 joining the institution.\nThe Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2020 placed Sussex 146th in the world overall and 40th in the world for Social Sciences. Sussex is particularly known for its Humanities and Social Sciences departments, with its Development studies program being placed at number 1 globally in the QS World University Ranking.Sussex counts 5 Nobel Prize winners, 15 Fellows of the Royal Society, 9 Fellows of the British Academy, 24 fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences and a winner of the Crafoord Prize among its faculty. By 2011, many of its faculty members had also received the Royal Society of Literature Prize, the Order of the British Empire and the Bancroft Prize. Alumni include heads of states, diplomats, politicians, eminent scientists and activists.", "Q79141": "Ernst Florian Winter (16 December 1923 \u2013 16 April 2014) was an Austrian-American historian and political scientist, the first director of the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna after World War II, and chairman of the International Council of the Austrian Service Abroad.\n\n", "Q332314": "Michael Ray Dibdin Heseltine, Baron Heseltine, (; born 21 March 1933) is a British politician and businessman. Having begun his career as a property developer, he became one of the founders of the publishing house Haymarket. Heseltine served as a Conservative Member of Parliament from 1966 to 2001, and was a prominent figure in the governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major, including serving as Deputy Prime Minister under the latter.\nHeseltine entered the Cabinet in 1979 as Secretary of State for the Environment, where he promoted the \"Right to Buy\" campaign that allowed two million families to purchase their council houses. He was considered an adept media performer and a charismatic minister, although he was frequently at odds with Thatcher on economic issues. He was one of the most visible \"wets\", whose \"One Nation\" views were epitomised by his support for the regeneration of Liverpool in the early 1980s when it was facing economic collapse; this later earned him the award of Freeman of the City of Liverpool in 2012. As Secretary of State for Defence from 1983 to 1986, he was instrumental in the political battle against the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. He resigned from the Cabinet in 1986 over the Westland Affair and returned to the back benches.\nFollowing Sir Geoffrey Howe's resignation speech in November 1990, Heseltine challenged Thatcher for the leadership of the Conservative Party, polling well enough to deny her an outright victory on the first ballot. After Thatcher's subsequent resignation, Heseltine then lost to John Major on the second ballot, but returned to the Cabinet when Major became Prime Minister. As a key ally of Major, Heseltine rose to become President of the Board of Trade and, from 1995, Deputy Prime Minister and First Secretary of State. He declined to seek the leadership of the party following Major's 1997 election defeat, but remained a vocal advocate for modernisation in the party.\nIn May 2019, he had the whip suspended after saying he would vote for the Liberal Democrats, rather than the Conservatives, at the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom.", "Q239533": "\"Ma\" Rainey (born Gertrude Pridgett, September 1882 or April 26, 1886 \u2013 December 22, 1939) was one of the earliest African-American professional blues singers and one of the first generation of blues singers to record. She was billed as the \"Mother of the Blues\".\nShe began performing as a teenager and became known as Ma Rainey after her marriage to Will Rainey, in 1904. They toured with the Rabbit Foot Minstrels and later formed their own group, Rainey and Rainey, Assassinators of the Blues. Her first recording was made in 1923. In the next five years, she made over 100 recordings, including \"Bo-Weevil Blues\" (1923), \"Moonshine Blues\" (1923), \"See See Rider Blues\" (1924), \"Black Bottom\" (1927), and \"Soon This Morning\" (1927).Rainey was known for her powerful vocal abilities, energetic disposition, majestic phrasing, and a \"moaning\" style of singing. Her qualities are present and most evident in her early recordings \"Bo-Weevil Blues\" and \"Moonshine Blues\".\nRainey recorded with Louis Armstrong, and she toured and recorded with the Georgia Jazz Band. She continued to tour until 1935, when she retired and went to live in her hometown.", "Q1630297": "The National Rally of Independents (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u200e, Berber: Agraw amuran ilelliyen (GML), French: Rassemblement National des Ind\u00e9pendants) is a political party in Morocco.", "Q103165": "Gitta Connemann (born 10 May 1964) is a German politician and member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).\n\n", "Q322107": "Palermo or Wolfsburg (German: Palermo oder Wolfsburg) is a 1980 West German film by Werner Schroeter. It tells the story of an Italian immigrant who comes to West Germany in search of work.", "Q70603": "Avegno Gordevio is a municipality in the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It was formed on 20 April 2008 when Avegno and Gordevio were merged.", "Q438476": "Alternative country, or alternative country rock (sometimes alt-country, insurgent country, or Americana) is a loosely defined subgenre of country rock, which includes acts that differ significantly in style from mainstream country music, mainstream country rock, and country pop. Alternative country artists are often influenced by alternative rock. However, the term has been used to describe country music bands and artists that are also defined as or have incorporated influences from alternative rock and cowpunk, indie rock, roots rock, bluegrass, neotraditional country, punk rock, progressive country, rockabilly, punkabilly, honky-tonk, outlaw country, folk rock, indie folk, folk revival, folk punk, hard rock, R&B, heartland rock, and Southern rock.", "Q3335013": "Dr. Naeem M. Abdurrahman (a.k.a. Naeem Al-Gheriany) P.h.D, PE (Arabic \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a) is a Libyan nuclear scientist, engineer and academic. He was named Libya's Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research on 22 November 2011 by Prime Minister Abdurrahim El-Keib.\n\n", "Q45860": "Motherhood is a 2009 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Katherine Dieckmann and starring Uma Thurman.", "Q161086": "JetBlue Airways, stylized as jetBlue, is a major American low cost airline, and the sixth largest in the United States by passengers carried. JetBlue Airways is headquartered in the Long Island City neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens; it also maintains corporate offices in Utah and Florida.In 2019, it ranked #399 financially on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. JetBlue operates over 1,000 flights daily and serves 100 domestic and international network destinations in the U.S., Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America and South America. JetBlue is not a member of any of the three major airline alliances but it has codeshare agreements with 21 airlines, including member airlines of Oneworld, SkyTeam, Star Alliance, and unaffiliated airlines.", "Q3018139": "David John Lesar (born May 30, 1953) is an American businessman who is the former chair of Halliburton Energy Services. He was the CEO of Halliburton for 17 years from 2000 to 2017. Trained as a Certified Public Accountant, Lesar spent 16 years at Arthur Andersen. He had spent most of his career at Andersen, where he worked on their Halliburton account. In 1995, Lesar was hired by Halliburton as a new vice president. July 24, 2019 David Lesar was named the interim CEO of HCSC.", "Q74465": "Friedrich Wilhelm Hackl\u00e4nder, in later life von Hackl\u00e4nder (1 November 1816 \u2013 6 July 1877), was a successful German author.", "Q158607": "Marine art or maritime art is a form of figurative art (that is, painting, drawing, printmaking and sculpture) that portrays or draws its main inspiration from the sea. Maritime painting is a genre that depicts ships and the sea\u2014a genre particularly strong from the 17th to 19th centuries. In practice the term often covers art showing shipping on rivers and estuaries, beach scenes and all art showing boats, without any rigid distinction - for practical reasons subjects that can be drawn or painted from dry land in fact feature strongly in the genre. Strictly speaking \"maritime art\" should always include some element of human seafaring, whereas \"marine art\" would also include pure seascapes with no human element, though this distinction may not be observed in practice.\n\nShips and boats have been included in art from almost the earliest times, but marine art only began to become a distinct genre, with specialized artists, towards the end of the Middle Ages, mostly in the form of the \"ship portrait\" a type of work that is still popular and concentrates on depicting a single vessel. As landscape art emerged during the Renaissance, what might be called the marine landscape became a more important element in works, but pure seascapes were rare until later. \n\n, 1666.].\nMaritime art, especially marine painting \u2013 as a particular genre separate from landscape \u2013 really began with Dutch Golden Age painting in the 17th century. Marine painting was a major genre within Dutch Golden Age painting, reflecting the importance of overseas trade and naval power to the Dutch Republic, and saw the first career marine artists, who painted little else. In this, as in much else, specialist and traditional marine painting has largely continued Dutch conventions to the present day. With Romantic art, the sea and the coast was reclaimed from the specialists by many landscape painters, and works including no vessels became common for the first time.\n\n", "Q234017": "Tammy Wynette (; born May 5, 1942 \u2013 April 6, 1998) was an American country music singer-songwriter and one of country music's best-known artists and biggest-selling female singers.\nWynette was called the \"First Lady of Country Music\", and her best-known song, \"Stand by Your Man\", is one of the best-selling hit singles by a woman in the history of country music. Many of her hits dealt with classic themes of loneliness, divorce, and the difficulties of life and relationships. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Wynette charted 20 number-one songs on the Billboard Country Chart. Along with Loretta Lynn and Dolly Parton, she is credited with having defined the role of women in country music during the 1970s.\nWynette's marriage to country music singer George Jones in 1969 created a country music \"couple\", following the earlier success of Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash. Though they divorced in 1975, the couple recorded a sequence of albums and singles together that hit the charts throughout the 1970s and early 1980s.", "Q1783049": "Lauren Savoy is an American composer, director and writer. She is married to Paul Waaktaar-Savoy from the band a-ha. In 1999 they had a son together.\nThe a-ha song \"Angel In The Snow\" was written for Savoy by Paul Waaktaar-Savoy and he played it to her on their wedding day. He was too shy to make a speech, so he wrote a song instead.\nUpon graduation from the London Film School, Lauren started directing music videos and commercials. She has original songs in the movie \"Hawaii, Oslo\" as well as \"A Night at Mcool's.\"\nIn 1995, Savoy and her husband formed the band \"Savoy\" with drummer Frode Unneland. Lauren is credited as co-writer on all Savoy albums.", "Q72014": "Philip Gr\u00f6ning, born in D\u00fcsseldorf, is a German director, documentary film maker and screenwriter.", "Q2652624": "Madhusudan Das (28 April 1848 \u2013 4 February 1934) was the first graduate and advocate of Odisha. He was born in the village of Satyabhamapur, 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Cuttack, Odisha. He is known as Kulabruddha, which means Grand Old Man, Madhu Babu, and Utkala Gouraba, which means Pride of Utkal. He was instrumental in creation of Province of Orissa .", "Q1056349": "Paolo Stoppa Knight Grand Cross (6 June 1906 \u2013 1 May 1988) was an Italian actor and dubber.", "Q12938": "Alain Krivine (French: [a.l\u025b\u0303 k\u0281i.vin]; born 10 July 1941 in Paris) is a French Trotskyist leader. He is a member of the Ligue communiste r\u00e9volutionnaire (LCR), which is the French section of the reunified Fourth International. He was a member of the LCR's political bureau until March 2006, when he resigned from that committee. He was a member of the European Parliament from 1999 to 2004.\nKrivine was one of the leaders of the May 1968 revolt in Paris, and was the last of the generation radicalised in the 1960s to serve on the political bureau of the LCR. He was the candidate of the LCR at the French presidential election on 2016, getting 1.05% of the votes.", "Q97926": "Peter Gosse (born 6 October 1938 in Leipzig) is a German poet, prose author and essayist.", "Q1041635": "Team Umizoomi is an American live-action and animated interactive musical children's television series with an emphasis on preschool mathematical concepts, such as counting, sequences, shapes, patterns, measurements, and equalities. Neither imperial nor metric units are used in the show, meaning it can be shown in any location, regardless of which system is used locally.In the United States, Team Umizoomi premiered on Nickelodeon on January 25, 2010. On February 20, 2014, an executive of the show stated that the series would not be renewed for a fifth season by Nick Jr. However, Nick Jr. still airs reruns of the show as of January 2020.", "Q467614": "Saskia Noort (born 13 April 1967 in Bergen, North Holland) is a Dutch crime-writer and freelance journalist.\nShe has written articles for the Dutch editions of Marie Claire and Playboy as well as publishing three novels, The Dinner Club published in English in 2007 by Bitter Lemon Press, translated by Paul Vincent and \"Back to the Coast\" published in English in 2009 by Bitter Lemon Press, translated by Laura Vroomen.\nHer third book, New Neighbours was released in May 2006 in the Netherlands and was a bestseller. The rights have been sold to an English publisher.", "Q161938": "Erik W\u00f8llo (born 1961) is a Norwegian composer and musician, guitarist and synthesist. He has a background in various genres in music. As a solo recording artist, he is most known for his electronic and ambient musical soundscapes. Music that can be classified in the genres of space, drone, new age, and electronic music. Through his many albums he has gained recognition for his unique sound and style. Using guitar as the primary instrument in a highly imaginary and emotional music, building a bridge between grand symphonic realms and gentle, minimalistic and serene atmospheres.", "Q129798": "Cham (born Damian Beckett, 24 February 1977) is a Jamaica born dancehall superstar, singer-songwriter and actor, most well known for his 2006 single \"Ghetto Story\" from his major label debut album of the same name, a song which led to multiple \"story\" songs by other artists in a similar vein. He is currently signed to Atlantic Records, and was known as Baby Cham until 2005. He is still called Baby Cham by his Jamaican fans and fans from around the world despite the name change.", "Q177182": "Sixto Alfonso Dur\u00e1n-Ball\u00e9n Cordovez (July 14, 1921 \u2013 November 15, 2016) was an Ecuadorian political figure and architect. He served as Mayor of Quito between 1970 and 1978. In 1951, he founded a political party, the Social Christian Party. In 1991, he left the Social Christian Party and joined and formed a new (though personalist and short-lived) conservative group, the Republican Union Party (PUR), before running for president for the third time in 1992.Dur\u00e1n-Ball\u00e9n was elected as President of Ecuador in 1992. He served as congressman in 1984 and again in 1998. Under his campaign slogan, \"Ni un paso atr\u00e1s\" (Not one step back), he helped to modernize the Ecuadorian economy while facing challenges from the World Bank and oversaw and resolved the Cenepa War during the last years of his presidency. He received positive ratings, upon leaving office four years later on August 10, 1996. His presidency was seen favorably by the public polls, but received mixed opinions from scholars.", "Q272724": "\u00c7a\u011fatay Ulusoy (pronounced [t\u0283a\u02d0\u02c8taj u\u02c8\u026busoj]; born 23 September 1990) is a Turkish model and actor who started his acting career in the TV series Ad\u0131n\u0131 Feriha Koydum (2011\u20132012) as Emir Sarrafo\u011flu. Since then, he has had further lead roles in Medcezir (2013\u20132015), a remake of the television series The O.C., in the TV series \u0130\u00e7erde and since 2018 he plays the lead role in the first Turkish Netflix series The Protector.", "Q234771": "Iva Zanicchi (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8i\u02d0va ddza\u02c8nikki]; born 18 January 1940) is an Italian pop singer and politician. She has a mezzo-soprano voice.", "Q128486": "The Golden Stallion is a 1927 American Western film serial produced by Nat Levine's Mascot Pictures (the first serial produced by Mascot) and directed by Harry S. Webb.", "Q1324001": "El Colegio de M\u00e9xico, A.C. (commonly known as Colmex, English: The College of Mexico) is a prestigious Mexican institute of higher education, specializing in teaching and research in social sciences and humanities. This Institution received the Prince of Asturias Award for Social Sciences in 2001. The library of El Colegio de M\u00e9xico (Biblioteca Daniel Cos\u00edo Villegas) is one of the largest academic libraries in Mexico, and it contains one of the most important Latin American collections in social sciences and humanities.The college was founded in 1940 by the Mexican Federal Government, the Bank of Mexico (Banco de M\u00e9xico), the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and the Fondo de Cultura Econ\u00f3mica. After the Spanish Civil War, the President of Mexico L\u00e1zaro Cardenas created The House of Spain in Mexico (1938\u20131940) to host the Spanish intellectuals in exile in that country. Under the direction of renowned intellectual Alfonso Reyes, the House of Spain became a higher education center, and was renamed El Colegio de M\u00e9xico in 1940. The College now operates under a 1961 charter that allows the institution to provide college-level teaching in the fields of humanistic knowledge and social and political sciences. In 1976, the university's campus was moved from the Colonia Roma (a historic neighborhood of Mexico City) to its current location.The college encompasses seven separate academic centers, teaching a total of three degrees, seven master's degrees and eight doctorates. The campus is located in a purpose-built and architecturally striking building on the southern fringes of Mexico City, and it was designed by Mexican architect Teodoro Gonz\u00e1lez de Le\u00f3n.", "Q3986379": "The Compleat Beatles, released in 1982, is a two-hour documentary chronicling the career of the Beatles. Although it has since been supplanted by the longer and more in-depth documentary Beatles Anthology, The Compleat Beatles was for many years largely regarded as the definitive film about the Beatles. The word \"compleat\" is a tongue-in-cheek reference to the intentional misspelling of \"Beetles\" and a reference to the famous book on fishing, The Compleat Angler.Narrated by actor Malcolm McDowell, it includes extensive interviews with a number of sources close to the Beatles. Some of the people interviewed are producer George Martin, their first manager Allan Williams, Cavern Club DJ Bob Wooler, music writer Bill Harry, and musicians Gerry Marsden, Billy J. Kramer, Marianne Faithfull, Billy Preston, Lenny Kaye, and Tony Sheridan. The film also includes archival footage of interviews with members of the Beatles and their manager Brian Epstein. Authors Nicholas Schaffner and Wilfrid Mellers are among the commentators who offer their views on the band's career. The Compleat Beatles also features early concert footage, behind-the-scenes background on the making of their albums, and candid footage of their often obsessed, hysterical fans.\nDirected by Patrick Montgomery, the film was produced by Delilah Films/Electronic Arts Pictures and released theatrically by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and United Artists in 1984.", "Q1944655": "Monika Henzinger (born as Monika Rauch, 17 April 1966 in Weiden in der Oberpfalz) is a German computer scientist, and is a former director of research at Google. She is currently a professor at the University of Vienna. Her expertise is mainly on algorithms with a focus on data structures, algorithmic game theory, information retrieval, search algorithms and Web data mining. She is married to Thomas Henzinger and has three children.", "Q12086": "Ernesto Teodoro Moneta (September 20, 1833 in Milan, Kingdom of Lombardy\u2013Venetia \u2013 February 10, 1918) was an Italian journalist, nationalist, revolutionary soldier and later a pacifist and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate. He adopted the motto In varietate unitas! which later inspired Motto of the European Union.\nAt age 15, Moneta participated in the \"Five Days of Milan\" (1848 uprising against Austrian rule). He later attended the military academy in Ivrea. In 1859 he joined Garibaldi's Expedition of the Thousand, and also fought in the ranks of the Italian army against the Austrians in 1866. \nSubsequently, he became an international peace activist, despite his strong Italian nationalism. \nBetween 1867 and 1896 he was editor of the Milan democratic paper Il Secolo, published by Edoardo Sonzogno. \nIn 1887 he founded the Lombard Association for Peace and Arbitration (Unione Lombarda per la Pace e l'Arbitrato), which called for disarmament and envisaged the creation of a League of Nations and Permanent Court of Arbitration. He won (with Louis Renault) the Nobel Peace Prize in 1907.\nIn the last years of his life, however, Moneta's Italian nationalism reasserted itself and got the better of his pacifism. He expressed public support for both the Italian Conquest of Libya in 1912 and Italy's entry into the First World War in 1915.\n\n", "Q329734": "Bradford Claude Dourif (; born March 18, 1950) is an American actor. He was nominated for an Oscar, and won Golden Globe and BAFTA Awards for his supporting role as Billy Bibbit in the film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975). He is also known for his roles as the voice of Chucky in the Child's Play franchise (1988\u20132017), and Gr\u00edma Wormtongue in The Lord of the Rings series (2002\u20132003).\nDourif's other film roles include Wise Blood (1979), Dune (1984), Blue Velvet (1986), Mississippi Burning (1988), The Exorcist III (1990) and Alien Resurrection (1997). He also appeared in many television series, notably Deadwood (2004\u20132006, 2019), for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.", "Q110119": "Max Lackmann (28 February 1910 in Erfurt \u2013 11 January 2000 in Fulda) was a German Lutheran ecumenist.\nLackmann studied theology at Bonn and Basel as a pupil of Karl Barth. He wrote against Nazi ideology, and he had to move from Germany to Basel. When he returned to Germany, he was ordained in 1940 and became pastor in Confessing Church. His preaching in criticism of Nazi regime caused him to be sent to Dachau concentration camp. In there his stay in the \"priest block\" became to him a profound ecumenical experience, which led him later to dedicate his work to the reunion of the Christendom. \nHe belonged to the Sammlung movement of Hans Asmussen and had to retire earlier from Protestant church because of his \"Catholic tendencies\". Lackmann's answer to these accusations was, that \u201cone is either a catholic Christian or one is no Christian.\u201d Lackmann summed up the movement: \n\n\"We want to say yes to tradition but no to traditionalism, yes to the office of the Pope but no to papism, yes to the right of the church but no to legalism, yes to the praised mother of the Lord but no to Marianism, yes to the spiritual center of Rome but no to centralism and Romanism.\"In his book on the Augsburg Confession, Lackmann asserted that it contains a catholic confession of the ancient faith, and that it holds fast to the connection with the ancient Catholic, and even to the Roman Western Church.\nLackmann founded together with Paul Hacker and Gustav Huhn the League for Evangelical-Catholic Reunion. He took part in the Second Vatican Council as journalist and as an unofficial observer of the League and published its report under the title \"Mit evangelischen Augen\" (1963)", "Q244296": "Knowing is a 2009 science fiction thriller film directed by Alex Proyas and starring Nicolas Cage. The project was originally attached to a number of directors under Columbia Pictures, but it was placed in turnaround and eventually picked up by Escape Artists. Production was financially backed by Summit Entertainment. Knowing was filmed in Docklands Studios Melbourne, Australia, using various locations to represent the film's Boston-area setting.\nThe film was released on March 20, 2009, in the United States. The DVD and Blu-ray media were released on July 7, 2009. Knowing grossed $186.5 million at the worldwide box office, plus $27.7 million with home video sales, against a production budget of $50 million. It met with mixed reviews, with praise for the acting performances, visual style and atmosphere, but criticism over some implausibilities and the ending.", "Q74303": "Charlotte Niese (7 June 1854 \u2013 8 December 1935) was a German writer, poet and teacher.", "Q192668": "Nicholas Edward Cave (born 22 September 1957) is an Australian singer, songwriter, author, screenwriter, composer and occasional actor, best known for fronting the rock band Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. Cave's music is generally characterised by his baritone voice, emotional intensity, a wide variety of influences and lyrical obsessions with death, religion, love and violence.Born and raised in rural Victoria, Cave studied art before fronting The Birthday Party, one of Melbourne's leading post-punk bands, in the late 1970s. They relocated to London in 1980, but, disillusioned by life there, evolved towards a darker, more challenging sound, and acquired a reputation as \"the most violent live band in the world\". At this time, Cave, with his shock of black hair and pale, emaciated look, became an unwilling gothic rock poster boy. Soon after the band's break-up in 1983, Cave formed Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. Much of the band's early material was set in a mythic American Deep South, drawing on spirituals and Delta blues, while Cave's preoccupation with Old Testament notions of good versus evil culminated in what has been called his signature song, \"The Mercy Seat\" (1988). The 1990s saw Cave achieve greater commercial success with quieter, piano-driven ballads, notably the Kylie Minogue duet \"Where the Wild Roses Grow\" (1996), and \"Into My Arms\" (1997). More recent releases, including the band's 17th and latest LP, Ghosteen (2019), feature increasingly abstract lyrics from Cave, as well as elements of ambient and electronic music. Grinderman, Cave's garage rock side project, has released two albums since 2006.\nCave co-wrote, scored and starred in the 1988 Australian prison film Ghosts... of the Civil Dead (1988), directed by John Hillcoat. He also wrote the screenplay for Hillcoat's bushranger film The Proposition (2005), and composed the soundtrack with frequent collaborator Warren Ellis. The pair's film score credits include The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2007), The Road (2009), Lawless (2012), and Hell or High Water (2016). Cave is the subject of several films, including the semi-fictional \"day in the life\" 20,000 Days on Earth (2014), and the documentary One More Time with Feeling (2016). Cave has also released two novels: And the Ass Saw the Angel (1989) and The Death of Bunny Munro (2009).\nCave's work has become the subject of academic study, and his songs have been covered by a wide range of artists, including Johnny Cash (\"The Mercy Seat\"), Metallica (\"Loverman\") and Snoop Dogg (\"Red Right Hand\"). He was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in 2007, and named an Officer of the Order of Australia in 2017.", "Q263629": "Maria Cebotari (original name: Ciubotaru, 10 February 1910 \u2013 9 June 1949) was a celebrated Bessarabian-born Romanian and Austrian soprano and actress, one of Germany's greatest opera and singing stars in the 1930s and 1940s.Beniamino Gigli considered Cebotari one of the greatest female voices he ever heard. Maria Callas was compared to her, and Angela Gheorghiu named Maria Cebotari among the artists she admires the most.Her funeral was \"one of the most imposing demonstrations of love and honor any deceased artist has ever received\" in the history of Vienna, with thousands of people attending.", "Q2304859": "Sovereign is a title which can be applied to the highest leader in various categories. The word is borrowed from Old French souverain, which is ultimately derived from the Latin word super\u0101nus, meaning \"above\".\nThe roles of a sovereign vary from monarch or head of state to head of municipal government or head of a chivalric order. As a result, the word sovereign has more recently also come to mean independence or autonomy.", "Q339527": "Launceston ( (listen) or (listen)) is a city in the north of Tasmania, Australia, at the junction of the North Esk and South Esk rivers where they become the Tamar River (kanamaluka). With a population of 87,328, Launceston is the second most populous city in Tasmania after the state capital, Hobart, and the twelfth-largest non-capital city in Australia.\nSettled by Europeans in March 1806, Launceston is one of Australia's oldest cities and it has many historic buildings. Like many places in Australia, it was named after a town in the United Kingdom \u2013 in this case, Launceston, Cornwall. Launceston also had the first use of anaesthetic in the Southern Hemisphere, it was the first Australian city to have underground sewers, and it was the first Australian city to be lit by hydroelectricity. The city has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons. Local government is split between the City of Launceston and the Meander Valley and West Tamar Councils.", "Q438310": "Sarolta Zalatnay (born Charlotte Sacher in Budapest, Hungary, 17 December 1947) is a Hungarian singer. She has been noted for a flourishing popular music career under Communism, and evolved from teen pop to rock music.", "Q42869": "Nicolas Kim Coppola (born January 7, 1964), known professionally as Nicolas Cage, is an American actor and filmmaker. Cage has been nominated for numerous major cinematic awards, and won an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild Award for his performance in Leaving Las Vegas (1995). \nDuring his early career, Cage starred in a variety of films such as Rumble Fish (1983), Valley Girl (1983), Racing with the Moon (1984), Birdy (1984), Peggy Sue Got Married (1986), Raising Arizona (1987), Moonstruck (1987), Vampire's Kiss (1989), Wild at Heart (1990), Fire Birds (1990), Honeymoon in Vegas (1992), and Red Rock West (1993).\nCage received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild Award for his performance as an alcoholic Hollywood writer in Leaving Las Vegas (1995) before coming to the attention of wider audiences with mainstream films, such as The Rock (1996), Face/Off (1997), Con Air (1997), Snake Eyes (1998) and City of Angels (1998). In October 1997, Cage was ranked No. 40 in Empire magazine's The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time list, while the next year, he was placed No. 37 in Premiere's 100 most powerful people in Hollywood. He earned his second Academy Award nomination for his performance as Charlie and Donald Kaufman in Adaptation (2002). He also directed the film Sonny (2002), for which he was nominated for Grand Special Prize at Deauville Film Festival. Cage owns the production company Saturn Films and has produced films such as Shadow of the Vampire (2000) and The Life of David Gale (2003).\nHe has also appeared in National Treasure (2004), Lord of War (2005), Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2009), and Kick-Ass (2010). Films such as Ghost Rider (2007) and Knowing (2009) were box office successes. In the 2010s, he has starred in\nThe Croods (2013), The Frozen Ground (2013), Joe (2013), Dog Eat Dog (2016), Mom and Dad (2018), Mandy (2018), Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018), Color Out of Space (2019), and also narrated the documentary Love, Antosha (2019).", "Q20754971": "The Free University of Brussels (French: Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles, or ULB) was a university in Brussels, Belgium. Founded in 1834 on the principle of \"free inquiry\" (libre examen), its founders envisaged the institution as a free-thinker reaction to the traditional dominance of Catholicism in Belgian education. The institutions was avowedly secular and particularly associated with Liberal political movements during the era of pillarisation. The Free University was one of Belgium's major universities, together with the Catholic University of Leuven and the universities of Ghent, and Li\u00e8ge.\nThe \"Linguistic Wars\" affected the Free University, which split along language lines in 1969 becoming the second Belgian university to do so. Today two institutions carry the \"Free University of Brussels\" name: the French-speaking Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and the Dutch-speaking Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB). Both institutions continue to collaborate under the auspices of an umbrella organisation known as Brussels Free Universities.", "Q95857": "Wolfgang Ne\u0161kovi\u0107 (born June 3, 1948 in L\u00fcbeck) is a German politician, former judge at the German Federal Court of Justice and an independent member of the German Federal Parliament, representing Cottbus \u2013 Spree-Nei\u00dfe. He was a representative of the party The Left, and prior to that, B\u00fcndnis '90/Die Gr\u00fcnen as well as the Social Democratic Party of Germany.", "Q3370229": "Paul-Alfred Isautier (29 June 1911 - 5 September 1984) was a R\u00e9union politician. He served in the Senate of France from 1959 until 1974.", "Q260320": "Steyr (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283ta\u026a\u032f\u0250] (listen); Central Bavarian: Steia) is a statutory city, located in the Austrian federal state of Upper Austria. It is the administrative capital, though not part of Steyr-Land District. Steyr is Austria's 12th most populated town and the 3rd largest town in Upper Austria.\nThe city has a long history as a manufacturing center and has given its name to several manufacturers headquartered there, such as the former Steyr-Daimler-Puch conglomerate and its successor Steyr Motors.", "Q219185": "Zombi 3 is a 1988 Italian horror film directed by Lucio Fulci and Bruno Mattei and starring Deran Sarafian, Beatrice Ring, and Ottaviano Dell'acqua. The film is an in-name-only sequel to Fulci's Zombi 2. The film is about a group of scientists at a top-secret research facility who are working on a biological weapon called Death One, which mutates and kills the living creatures and reanimates the dead. The weapon is leaked out of the facility, which leads to a spread in infection on soldiers and touring people in the area.", "Q78539": "Julius Raab (29 November 1891 \u2013 8 January 1964) was a conservative Austrian politician, who served as Federal Chancellor of Austria from 1953 to 1961. Raab steered Allied-occupied Austria to independence, when he negotiated and signed the Austrian State Treaty in 1955. In internal politics Raab stood for a pragmatic \"social partnership\" and the \"Grand coalition\" of Austrian Conservatives and Social Democrats.", "Q1073687": "John Henry Rostill (16 June 1942 \u2013 26 November 1973) was an English musician, bassist and composer, recruited by the Shadows to replace Brian Locking.", "Q30541": "The Dent du G\u00e9ant (It.: Dente del Gigante, \"giant's tooth\") (4,013 m) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in France and Italy.\nThe Dent du G\u00e9ant remained unclimbed during the golden age of alpinism, and was a much-coveted peak in the 1870s, repelling many parties who attempted it mostly from the Rochefort ridge. In 1880 the strong team of Albert F. Mummery and Alexander Burgener tried to force a passage via the south-west face but were repelled by a band of slabs, causing Mummery to exclaim, 'Absolutely inaccessible by fair means!'The mountain has two summits, 88 feet (27 m) apart and separated by a small col (an 'extremely awkward notch' according to W. W. Graham):\nPointe Sella (4,009 m), first ascent via the south-west face by Jean Joseph Maquignaz with son Baptiste Maquignaz and nephew, Daniel Maquignaz on 28 July 1882. Over a period of four days they placed iron stanchions and fixed ropes, enabling the same party to climb Pointe Sella a second time on the following day with clients Alessandro Sella, Alfonso Sella, Corradino Sella and Gaudenzio Sella.\nPointe Graham (4,013 m), first ascent by W. W. Graham with guides Auguste Cupelin and Alphonse Payot on 20 August 1882. They used the fixed ropes of \"Sella's staircase\" to repeat the ascent of Pointe Sella, where Graham noted that one of the Maquignazes had carved the letter 'M' on a rock step. They then lowered themselves 12 metres (39 ft) into the col to climb this higher north-east peak.This ascent marked the end of the so-called silver age of alpinism.\n\nOn 28 July 1935 the Austrian climbers Herbert Burggasser and Rudi Leitz first ascended the vertical-to-overhanging 160 m-high south face. It was the first climb in the Western Alps systematically aided by the pitons and artificial techniques that were already in use by climbers in the Eastern Alps.During a heat wave in the summer of 2019, a glaciological rarity in the form of a previously unseen lake emerged at the foot of the Dent du G\u00e9ant, the Aiguilles Marbr\u00e9es and the Col de Rochefort at an altitude of about 3400 meters, that was considered as evidence for the effects of global warming on the glaciers in the Alps. The following facilities serve the mountain:\n\nTorino Hut (3,375 m, CAI, all year)\nPointe Helbronner (3,462 m, t\u00e9l\u00e9ph\u00e9rique station for Skyway Monte Bianco)", "Q269462": "Paula Cole (born April 5, 1968) is an American singer-songwriter. Her single \"Where Have All the Cowboys Gone?\" reached the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 in 1997, and the following year she won a Grammy Award for Best New Artist. Her song \"I Don't Want to Wait\" was used as the theme song of the television show Dawson's Creek.", "Q548185": "Moshe Arens (27 December 1925 \u2013 7 January 2019) was an Israeli aeronautical engineer, researcher, diplomat and Likud politician. A member of the Knesset between 1973 and 1992 and again from 1999 until 2003, he served as Minister of Defense three times and once as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Arens also served as the Israeli ambassador to the U.S. and was a professor at the Technion in Haifa.", "Q691648": "Sir Robert Graham Stephens (14 July 1931 \u2013 12 November 1995) was a leading English actor in the early years of Britain's Royal National Theatre. He was one of the most respected actors of his generation and was at one time regarded as the natural successor to Laurence Olivier.", "Q66707": "Wangen is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. The municipality includes Wangen itself, together with the hamlet of Nuolen.", "Q1160837": "Fabio Armiliato (born 17 August 1956, Genoa) is an Italian tenor.", "Q279671": "Petra Cecilia Alexandra Hultgren (born 21 April 1972, in V\u00e4rmd\u00f6, Stockholm County) is a Swedish actress.She was crowned as Miss Sweden in 1995 and won the Miss Photogenic award at Miss Universe 1995.\nHultgren currently stars in the Swedish series Andra Avenyn. She is known now as Petra van de Voort.", "Q850343": "Billie Mary \"Betty\" Go-Belmonte (31 December 1933 \u2013 28 January 1994) was a Filipina journalist and newspaper publisher. She established the STAR Group of Publications which publishes the national newspaper, The Philippine STAR and The Freeman, the tabloids Pilipino Star Ngayon, Pang-Masa, and Banat, as well as the magazines Starweek, People Asia, and The Fookien Times Yearbook.A street as well as a Manila Line 2 station was named after her.", "Q153034": "Emmanuel Levinas (; French: [\u025bman\u0265\u025bl l\u0259vinas]; 12 January 1906 \u2013 25 December 1995) was a French philosopher of Lithuanian Jewish ancestry who is known for his work related to Jewish philosophy, existentialism, ethics, phenomenology and ontology.", "Q544797": "Helen Vlachos (UK: , US: ; Greek: \u0395\u03bb\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u0392\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5, El\u00e9ni Vl\u00e1chou; 18 December 1911 \u2013 14 October 1995) was a legend of Greek journalism, newspaper publishing heiress, proprietor, and anti-junta activist.Soon after the coup of 21 April 1967, she closed down her newspaper Kathimerini as a protest against the dictatorship. In October 1967, her description of one of the junta principals, Brigadier Stylianos Pattakos, then Minister of the Interior of the junta, as a clown, led to her house arrest, for which she later wrote a book under the same title.\nFor her refusal to acquiesce to the Greek junta's demands that she censor her publications, her resistance against the regime of the colonels, and her contributions to freedom of the press, she was posthumously recognised as one of the World Press Freedom Heroes by the International Press Institute.", "Q265270": "Joanna Russ (February 22, 1937 \u2013 April 29, 2011) was an American writer, academic and radical feminist. She is the author of a number of works of science fiction, fantasy and feminist literary criticism such as How to Suppress Women's Writing, as well as a contemporary novel, On Strike Against God, and one children's book, Kittatinny. She is best known for The Female Man, a novel combining utopian fiction and satire, and the story \"When It Changed\".\n\n", "Q773197": "Rita Auma Obama (born 1960), is a community activist, sociologist, journalist and author in Kenya, and also the half-sister of the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama who serves as the Executive Chairperson, of Sauti Kuu Foundation, a non-profit organisation that helps orphans and other young people struggling with poverty, in the East African country.", "Q392834": "Secret Agents is a 2004 French crime film directed by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Schoendoerffer.", "Q969298": "Sebastian Junger (born January 17, 1962) is an American journalist, author and filmmaker. He is noted for his book The Perfect Storm: A True Story of Men Against the Sea (1997), which became a bestseller; and for his documentary films Restrepo (2010) and Korengal (2014), which won awards. He also wrote the book War (2010).", "Q225654": "Kazuhiko Inoue (\u4e95\u4e0a \u548c\u5f66, Inoue Kazuhiko, born March 26, 1954) is a Japanese actor, voice actor and narrator. He currently voices Kakashi Hatake in Naruto.", "Q169394": "Laurent Capelluto (born 16 March 1971) is a Belgian actor. He has appeared in more than thirty films since 1999.", "Q1876803": "Luiz Henrique Rosa (November 25, 1938 \u2013 July 9, 1985), also known as Luiz Henrique, was a Brazilian musician and soccer player. He was born in the city of Tubar\u00e3o and died in Florian\u00f3polis.", "Q434502": "Mae Questel (September 13, 1908 \u2013 January 4, 1998) was an American actress and voice actress best known for providing the voices for the animated characters Betty Boop and Olive Oyl from 1931. She began in vaudeville, primarily as an artist impersonator and played occasional small roles on Broadway and on television and films, later in her career, most notably the role of Aunt Bethany in 1989's National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation.", "Q4756928": "Andrew Fairlie (21 November 1963 \u2013 22 January 2019) was a Scottish chef. Fairlie was the head chef of the eponymous Restaurant Andrew Fairlie, an independent business within the Gleneagles Hotel and Resort, in Auchterarder, Perthshire. Restaurant Andrew Fairlie is the only restaurant in Scotland with two Michelin stars, and one of only fifteen in the UK.", "Q462744": "Tanja Fajon (English: Tanya Fayon; born May 9, 1971) is a Slovenian politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Slovenia. She is a member of the Social Democrats, part of the Party of European Socialists.\nShe is currently a head of the Slovenian delegation within the political group of Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats, and a vice-president of the Social Democrats. She is also the author of several documentaries, including Rise of the extreme right in Europe, Human tragedies at the doorstep of Europe, and Constitution of European Union.", "Q78511": "Gustav Meyrink (January 19, 1868 \u2013 December 4, 1932) was the pseudonym of Gustav Meyer, an Austrian author, \nnovelist, dramatist, translator, and banker, most famous for his novel The Golem.\nHe has been described as the \"most respected German language writer in the field of supernatural fiction\".", "Q719428": "William Michael Rossetti (25 September 1829 \u2013 5 February 1919) was an English writer and critic.", "Q77622": "Count Adam Gottlob Moltke (10 November 1710 \u2013 25 September 1792) was a Danish courtier, statesman and diplomat, and Favourite of Frederick V of Denmark. Moltke was born at Riesenhof in Mecklenburg. His son, Joachim Godske Moltke, and his grandson, Adam Wilhelm Moltke, later served as Prime Minister of Denmark.", "Q266779": "Amel Bent (born Amel Bachir; 21 June 1985 in Paris) is a French R&B and pop singer who gained fame after reaching the semi-finals of season 2 of French TV series Nouvelle Star. She is \"Nouvelle Star\" best selling artist.\nShe is currently a coach on French TV series The Voice: la plus belle voix", "Q4124883": "Ronaldo Nogueira (born July 17, 1944), better known as Ronnie Von, is a Brazilian singer, businessman and TV show host.\nRonnie became known in the 1960s associated with Brazilian rock, and between 2004 until 2019 presents currently between Mondays and Fridays the TV night show Todo Seu (Portuguese for \"All Yours\") on TV Gazeta.\n\n", "Q1377317": "Francesco Balilla Pratella (Lugo, Italy February 1, 1880 \u2013 Ravenna, Italy May 17, 1955) was an Italian composer, musicologist and essayist. One of the leading advocates of futurism in Italian music, much of Pratella's own music betrays little obvious connection to the views espoused in the manifestos he authored.", "Q180244": "Im toten Winkel - Hitlers Sekret\u00e4rin (titled Blind Spot: Hitler's Secretary in English) is a 2002 Austrian documentary directed by Andr\u00e9 Heller and Othmar Schmiderer.", "Q303687": "Aasmund Olavsson Vinje (6 April 1818 \u2013 30 July 1870) was a famous Norwegian poet and journalist who is remembered for poetry, travel writing, and his pioneering use of Landsm\u00e5l (now known as Nynorsk).", "Q284924": "Walter Boyce (born 25 October 1946) is a Canadian former rally racer. He is the only Canadian to win a World Rally Championship event, which he managed at the 1973 Press-on-Regardless Rally in the United States. He took his second podium finish at the 1974 Rally of the Rideau Lakes in his home country, finishing third behind Sandro Munari and Simo Lampinen. Boyce was inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame in 2003.", "Q943303": "Contemporary philosophy is the present period in the history of Western philosophy beginning at the early 20th century with the increasing professionalization of the discipline and the rise of analytic and continental philosophy.The phrase \"contemporary philosophy\" is a piece of technical terminology in philosophy that refers to a specific period in the history of Western philosophy (namely the philosophy of the 20th and 21st centuries). However, the phrase is often confused with modern philosophy (which refers to an earlier period in Western philosophy), postmodern philosophy (which refers to continental philosophers' criticisms of modern philosophy), and with a non-technical use of the phrase referring to any recent philosophic work.", "Q135399": "Lady Frankenstein is a 1971 Italian horror film directed by Mel Welles and written by cult writer Edward di Lorenzo. It stars Rosalba Neri (under the pseudonym Sara Bey), Joseph Cotten, Mickey Hargitay and Paul M\u00fcller.", "Q632861": "Eric Frattini (born 1963 in Lima) is a Spanish essayist, novelist, journalist, college professor, political analyst, television screenwriter, and lecturer.", "Q464453": "Peter Guralnick (born December 15, 1943, in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American music critic, author, and screenwriter. He specializes in the history of early rock and roll and has written on Elvis Presley, Sam Phillips, and Sam Cooke.", "Q190731": "Shamil Salmanovich Basayev (Chechen: \u0428\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0411\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0432, Russian: \u0428\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0421\u0430\u043b\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0432; 14 January 1965 \u2013 10 July 2006) was a senior leader of the Chechen movement. \nStarting as a field commander in the Transcaucasus, Basayev led guerrilla campaigns against Russian forces for years, as well as launching mass-hostage takings of civilians, with his goal being the withdrawal of Russian soldiers from Chechnya. Beginning in 2003, Basayev used the nom de guerre and title of \"Emir Abdallah Shamil Abu-Idris\". In 1997\u20131998 he also served as vice-Prime minister of Chechnya in Maskhadov's government.\nAs Basayev's ruthless reputation gained notoriety, he became well revered among his peers and became the highest ranking Chechen military commander and was considered the undisputed leader of the Chechen insurgency as well as being the overall senior leader of all other Chechen rebel factions.\nHe ordered the Budyonnovsk hospital raid, Beslan school massacre and was responsible for numerous terrorists attacks on security forces in and around Chechnya and also masterminded the 2002 Moscow theater hostage crisis and the 2004 Russian aircraft bombings. ABC News described him as \"one of the most-wanted terrorists in the world.\" Despite his aura, he has been described in international media as \"almost unassuming in the flesh\", being \"of medium height, with a bushy beard and high forehead worthy of a Moscow intellectual, and a quiet voice.\"Controversy still surrounds who is responsible for his death, Russian FSB authorities took responsibility for the assassination while the Chechen fighters claim he died in an accidental explosion.", "Q1111980": "P\u00e9ter Kiss (11 June 1959 \u2013 29 July 2014) was a Hungarian Socialist politician. In Bajnai's government, he was a minister without portfolio. He was one of the candidates to succeed P\u00e9ter Medgyessy as prime minister in 2004 but lost to Ferenc Gyurcs\u00e1ny.", "Q19845": "Geraldine Estelle Horner (n\u00e9e Halliwell) (born 6 August 1972), is an English singer, songwriter, author, philanthropist and actress. Halliwell came to international prominence in the 1990s as Ginger Spice, a member of the wildly successful girl group the Spice Girls, which was also the best-selling girl group of all time, with over 85 million records sold, of which 75 million copies were sold with the quintet line-up including Halliwell. The phrase \"girl power\", regularly uttered by all five members, was most closely associated with Halliwell. Her Union Jack dress from the 1997 Brit Awards also became an enduring symbol of girl power. In 1998, Halliwell left the Spice Girls to pursue a solo career but later returned to the group when they reunited in 2007. Halliwell reportedly amassed a $40 million fortune during her last two years in the group.In 1999, Halliwell launched her solo career and released her debut album, Schizophonic, which spawned three number ones at the UK Singles Chart: \"Mi Chico Latino\", \"Lift Me Up\", and \"Bag It Up\", while the lead single, \"Look at Me\", peaked at number two. In 2001, Halliwell released her second album, Scream If You Wanna Go Faster; the first single, \"It's Raining Men\", was also used on the Bridget Jones's Diary film soundtrack, peaked at number one in the UK and went on to become the biggest hit of her career. The singles that followed, Scream If You Wanna Go Faster and Calling, reached number eight and number seven in the United Kingdom, respectively. She released her third studio album Passion in 2005, including the worldwide hit \"Ride It\", which was commercially successful in the rest of Europe. It peaked at number two in Russia, number four in the UK, while reaching number three on the Belgium, Spain and the Scottish charts.After a few years of relative obscurity, in April 2010, Halliwell announced that she had started working on new music. In April 2013, the Nine Network announced that she would become the fourth judge on Australia's Got Talent. On 12 September 2013, it was announced that Halliwell would return to the music industry in Australia with the release of her first solo single in nearly eight years, \"Half of Me\". In 2017, she released a charity single, \"Angels in Chains\", in tribute to her late friend George Michael, to help the association Childline.\nSince 1996, Halliwell has sold more than 90 million records, of which 15 million were as a solo artist and a further 75 million during her tenure with the Spice Girls. As of 2020, she has amassed a personal fortune of over \u00a350 million.", "Q3608159": "Alberto Bombassei (born October 1940) is an Italian billionaire businessman, the chairman and president of Brembo, an Italian manufacturer of automotive brake systems. He controls 53.5% of Brembo.He was born in Vicenza, Italy. His father Emilio Bombassei co-founded Brembo in 1961 with Italo Breda, and in 1975, Enzo Ferrari asked the company to provide braking systems for his Formula 1 racing cars.He is married with two children, and lives in Bergamo, Italy.In 2013 Bombassei was elected MP among the ranks of the Civic Choice party and held office until 2018.\n\n", "Q536301": "Joseph Moses Juran (December 24, 1904 \u2013 February 28, 2008) was a Romanian-born American engineer and management consultant. He was an evangelist for quality and quality management, having written several books on those subjects. He was the brother of Academy Award winner Nathan Juran.", "Q221354": "Brink of Life, (Swedish: N\u00e4ra livet, and known as So Close to Life in the UK) is a 1958 Swedish drama film directed by Ingmar Bergman. Bergman won the Best Director Award and Andersson, Dahlbeck, Orn\u00e4s and Thulin won the Best Actress Award at the 1958 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q92876": "David Lorge Parnas (born February 10, 1941) is a Canadian early pioneer of software engineering, who developed the concept of information hiding in modular programming, which is an important element of object-oriented programming today. He is also noted for his advocacy of precise documentation.", "Q104622": "Tawakkol Abdel-Salam Karman (Arabic: \u062a\u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200e Tawakkul 'Abd us-Sal\u0101m Khalid Karm\u0101n; also Romanized Tawakul, Tawakel) (born 7 February 1979) is a Yemeni journalist, politician, and human rights activist. She leads the group \"Women Journalists Without Chains,\" which she co-founded in 2005. She became the international public face of the 2011 Yemeni uprising that is part of the Arab Spring uprisings. In 2011, she was reportedly called the \"Iron Woman\" and \"Mother of the Revolution\" by some Yemenis. She is a co-recipient of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first Yemeni, the first Arab woman, and the second Muslim woman to win a Nobel Prize.\nKarman gained prominence in her country after 2005 in her roles as a Yemeni journalist and an advocate for a mobile phone news service denied a license in 2007, after which she led protests for press freedom. She organized weekly protests after May 2007 expanding the issues for reform. She redirected the Yemeni protests to support the \"Jasmine Revolution,\" as she calls the Arab Spring, after the Tunisian people overthrew the government of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011. She has been a vocal opponent who has called for the end of President Ali Abdullah Saleh's regime.A Saudi cable leak from WikiLeaks revealed that while publicly denouncing Saudi Arabia she was secretly arranging meetings with the Saudis to request their support. Karman lavished praise on the Saudis for pushing through a transition agreement that for many reformers, was seen as a deep betrayal of the revolution. She accused Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi of supporting the Houthis and Al Qaeda.", "Q60438": "Ferdinand Maria (31 October 1636 \u2013 26 May 1679) was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector (Kurf\u00fcrst) of the Holy Roman Empire from 1651 to 1679.", "Q77144": "Leo Strauss (; German: [\u02c8le\u02d0o \u02c8\u0283t\u0281a\u028as]; September 20, 1899 \u2013 October 18, 1973) was a German-American political philosopher and classicist who specialized in classical political philosophy. Born in Germany to Jewish parents, Strauss later emigrated from Germany to the United States. He spent much of his career as a professor of political science at the University of Chicago, where he taught several generations of students and published fifteen books.Trained in the neo-Kantian tradition with Ernst Cassirer and immersed in the work of the phenomenologists Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, Strauss established his fame with path-breaking books on Spinoza and Hobbes, then with articles on Maimonides and Farabi; in the late 1930s his research focused on the rediscovery of esoteric writing and thereby a new illumination of the Greek texts of Plato and Aristotle, retracing their interpretation through medieval Islamic and Jewish philosophy and encouraging the application of those ideas to contemporary political theory.\n\n", "Q3090": "Guy Teissier (born 4 April 1945) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne department, and is a member of the Republicans. He is also the Mayor of the Fifth Sector of Marseille. The Azerbaijani government has blacklisted Teissier who visited Artsakh in 2011 without Baku\u2019s permission.", "Q186153": "Procopius of Caesarea (Greek: \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u039a\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2 Prok\u00f3pios ho Kaisare\u00fas; Latin: Procopius Caesariensis; c.\u2009500 \u2013 c.\u2009after 565) was a prominent late antique Byzantine Greek scholar from Palaestina Prima. Accompanying the Byzantine general Belisarius in Emperor Justinian's wars, Procopius became the principal Byzantine historian of the 6th century, writing the History of the Wars, the Buildings, and the Secret History. He is commonly classified as the last major historian of the ancient Western world.\n\n", "Q397": "Latin (lingua lat\u012bna, IPA: [\u02c8l\u026a\u014b\u0261\u02b7a la\u02c8ti\u02d0na]) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken in the area around Rome, known as Latium. Through the power of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language in Italy, and subsequently throughout the western Roman Empire. Latin has contributed many words to the English language. In particular, Latin (and Ancient Greek) roots are used in English descriptions of theology, the sciences, medicine, and law. It is the official language in the Holy See (Vatican City).\nBy the late Roman Republic (75 BC), Old Latin had been standardised into Classical Latin. Vulgar Latin was the colloquial form spoken during the same time and attested in inscriptions and the works of comic playwrights like Plautus and Terence and author Petronius. Late Latin is the written language from the 3rd century; its colloquial form Vulgar Latin developed into the Romance languages, such as Italian, French, Portuguese, Romanian, Valencian, Occitan, Aragonese, Catalan and Spanish in the 6th to 9th centuries. Medieval Latin was used as a literary language from the 9th century to the Renaissance which used Renaissance Latin. Later, Early Modern Latin and New Latin evolved. Latin was used as the language of international communication, scholarship and science until well into the 18th century, when it began to be supplanted by vernaculars (including the Romance languages). Ecclesiastical Latin remains the official language of the Holy See and the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church.\nLatin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders, six or seven noun cases, five declensions, four verb conjugations, six tenses, three persons, three moods, two voices, two or three aspects and two numbers. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets and ultimately from the Phoenician alphabet.", "Q47087": "Sir Arthur Charles Clarke (16 December 1917 \u2013 19 March 2008) was a British science fiction writer, science writer and futurist, inventor, undersea explorer, and television series host.\nHe co-wrote the screenplay for the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey, one of the most influential films of all time. Clarke was a science writer, an avid populariser of space travel and a futurist of a distinguished ability. He wrote over a dozen books and many essays for popular magazines. In 1961, he received the Kalinga Prize, a UNESCO award for popularising science. Clarke's science and science fiction writings earned him the moniker \"Prophet of the Space Age\". His science fiction writings in particular earned him a number of Hugo and Nebula awards, which along with a large readership made him one of the towering figures of the genre. For many years Clarke, Robert Heinlein and Isaac Asimov were known as the \"Big Three\" of science fiction.Clarke was a lifelong proponent of space travel. In 1934, while still a teenager, he joined the British Interplanetary Society. In 1945, he proposed a satellite communication system using geostationary orbits. He was the chairman of the British Interplanetary Society from 1946\u20131947 and again in 1951\u20131953.Clarke emigrated from England to Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) in 1956, to pursue his interest in scuba diving. That year he discovered the underwater ruins of the ancient Koneswaram temple in Trincomalee. Clarke augmented his popularity in the 1980s, as the host of television shows such as Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious World. He lived in Sri Lanka until his death.Clarke was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1989 \"for services to British cultural interests in Sri Lanka\". He was knighted in 1998 and was awarded Sri Lanka's highest civil honour, Sri Lankabhimanya, in 2005.", "Q342803": "Portsmouth is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 95,535. It is part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area.\nThe Norfolk Naval Shipyard, often called the Norfolk Navy Yard, is a historic and active U.S. Navy facility that is located in Portsmouth. The shipyard's original name, Gosport, was changed to reflect its location in what once had been Norfolk County, Virginia. It constructs, refits and remodels ships of the US Navy, and is one of the few facilities in the world with a dry dock large enough to accommodate an aircraft carrier.\nBoth Norfolk and the city of Portsmouth have miles of waterfront land on opposite sides of the Elizabeth River as part of the harbor of Hampton Roads. Its three Elizabeth River ferries transport pedestrians between the Portsmouth Olde Towne Historic District and downtown Norfolk.", "Q278221": "Berchtesgaden (German pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u025b\u0281\u00e7t\u0259s\u02cc\u0261a\u02d0dn\u0329]) is a municipality in the district Berchtesgadener Land (Bavaria) in southeastern Germany, near the border with Austria, 30 km (19 mi) south of Salzburg and 180 km (110 mi) southeast of Munich. It lays in the Berchtesgaden Alps, south of Berchtesgaden the Berchtesgaden National Park stretches along three parallel valleys.\nA notable peak is the Kehlstein mountain (1,835 m (6,020 ft)), with its Kehlsteinhaus (Eagle's Nest).", "Q474898": "Charles Negron II (born June 8, 1942) is an American singer-songwriter, best known as one of the three lead vocalists in the rock band Three Dog Night, which he helped form in 1968.", "Q120794": "Sigmund Widmer (born 30 July 1919 in Z\u00fcrich, died 11 August 2003 in Visp) was a Swiss historian, writer and LdU politician who served as mayor of the city of Z\u00fcrich.\n\n", "Q881042": "The Seeheimer Kreis (English: \"Seeheim Circle\") is an official internal grouping in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). The group describes itself as \"undogmatic and pragmatic\" and generally takes moderately liberal economic positions.\nIt was founded in September 1974. One of the prominent founding members is Gesine Schwan, a former SPD candidate for the German Presidency. The group is led by Petra Ernstberger, Carsten Schneider, and Johannes Kahrs. The Circle is named after its long-standing meeting place, Seeheim (Bergstra\u00dfe), just south of Frankfurt.", "Q683502": "Little Busters! (\u30ea\u30c8\u30eb\u30d0\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30ba!, Ritoru Basut\u0101zu!) is a Japanese visual novel developed by Key. It was released on July 27, 2007 for Windows PCs and is rated for all ages. Little Busters! is Key's sixth game, along with other titles such as Kanon, Air, and Clannad. An adult version of the game titled Little Busters! Ecstasy was released on July 25, 2008 for Windows, unlike Kanon and Air, which were first released with adult content and then had later versions with such content removed. Ecstasy was later ported to the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 3, and Nintendo Switch with the adult content removed under the title Little Busters! Converted Edition. An English version for Windows was released on Steam in 2017. The story follows the life of Riki Naoe, a high school student who has been a member of a group of friends named the Little Busters since childhood. Riki brings multiple girls at his school into the Little Busters to have enough people to play a baseball game.\nThe gameplay in Little Busters! follows a branching plot line which offers pre-determined scenarios with courses of interaction, and focuses on the appeal of the six female main characters by the player character, which increases to nine in Ecstasy. There are additional minigames added into the gameplay, such as battle sequences that resemble fighting games or baseball batting practice, which serve to give the characters experience, obtain accessories to use during battle, and improve their statistics. Both Little Busters! and Ecstasy ranked as the best-selling PC game sold in Japan for the time of their release, and Ecstasy would go on to sell over 100,000 units. Key went on to produce an adult spin-off called Kud Wafter in June 2010, which expanded on the scenario of Kudryavka Noumi, one of the heroines from Little Busters! and Ecstasy.\nThere have been 14 manga adaptations based on Little Busters! and Ecstasy published by ASCII Media Works, Kadokawa Shoten and Ichijinsha. Comic anthologies, light novels and art books were also published, as were several music albums. There have been two Internet radio shows hosted by the voice actors of Rin and Kyousuke Natsume and Kudryavka Noumi. J.C.Staff produced two anime television series and an original video animation series between 2012 and 2014.", "Q101982": "Stefan Birkner (born 12 April 1973 in M\u00fcnsterlingen) is a German politician for the Free Democratic Party.", "Q25164": "Nynorsk (translates to \"New Norwegian\") is one of the two written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokm\u00e5l. Nynorsk was established in 1929 as one of two state-sanctioned fusions of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language (Norwegian: Landsm\u00e5l) with the Dano-Norwegian written language (Riksm\u00e5l), the other such fusion being called Bokm\u00e5l. Nynorsk is a variation which is closer to Landsm\u00e5l, whereas Bokm\u00e5l is closer to Riksm\u00e5l.\nIn local communities, one quarter of Norwegian municipalities have declared Nynorsk as their official language form, and these municipalities account for about 12% of the Norwegian population. Nynorsk is also taught as a mandatory subject in both high school and elementary school for all Norwegians who do not have it as their own language form. Of the remaining municipalities that do not have Nynorsk as their official language form, half are neutral and half have adopted Bokm\u00e5l as their official language form.Four of Norway's eighteen counties, Rogaland, Hordaland, Sogn og Fjordane and M\u00f8re og Romsdal, have Nynorsk as their official language form. These four together comprise the region of Western Norway.", "Q64886": "Hinterrhein (Romansh: Valragn) is a village and a former municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. The village is located near the start of the river Hinterrhein/Rein Posteriur, one of the two initial tributaries of the Rhine. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Hinterrhein, Nufenen and Spl\u00fcgen merged to form the new municipality of Rheinwald.", "Q2019126": "Oleg Aleksandrovich Kerensky CBE FRS (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439), (16 April 1905 \u2013 25 June 1984) was a Russian civil engineer, one of the foremost bridge designers of his time.\nKerensky was born in St. Petersburg, Russia, the son of future Russian prime minister Alexander Kerensky, who survived the events of the Russian Civil War and emigrated to Paris in 1918. Both Oleg and his younger brother Gleb graduated as engineers in 1927, and both settled in England.\nAs an associate of Dorman Long, Kerensky assisted on the landmark 1932 Sydney Harbour Bridge. As an associate, and then a partner, in the firm Freeman Fox & Partners, Kerensky designed many British road bridges and structures such as the 1951 temporary Dome of Discovery in London, the largest dome in the world. He was president of the Institution of Structural Engineers in 1970\u201371 and won their Gold Medal in 1977. After his death in London, the same institution began their Kerensky Memorial Conferences beginning in 1988.\nHe was made a C.B.E. in 1964 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1970.Kerensky was the father and namesake of dance critic Oleg Kerensky, Jr (1930\u20131993). Oleg Junior was in the 1981 film Reds portraying his grandfather when he was the head of the Russian Provisional Government.", "Q106035": "Helke Sander (born January 31, 1937 in Berlin) is a German feminist film director, author, actress, activist, and educator. She is known primarily for her documentary work and contributions to the women's movement in the seventies and eighties. Helke Sander's work is characterized by her emphasis of the experimental over the narrative arc. Sander is considered to have started the \"new\" feminist movement in Germany with her passionate speech at the Socialist German Students Conference. A lot of Sander's work is about portraying female perspectives and showing the every day struggles that women go through to survive. In her essay \"Feminists and Film (1977),\" Helke Sander states the motivation for her work: \"To put it in other terms: women's most authentic act today--in all areas including the arts--consists not in standardizing and harmonizing the means, but rather in destroying them. Where women are true, they break things.\" Sander's work is concerned with the breakage of conventional ideas and forms.\n\" Sander's work is concerned with the breakage of conventional ideas and forms.\n\n", "Q3443484": "John Wendell Thompson (born April 24, 1949) is an American technology executive, serving as the current Chairman of Microsoft. He is a former chief executive of Virtual Instruments, a Vice-President at IBM and the former chief executive of Symantec. Thompson later became an independent Director on the Board of Microsoft, and on February 4, 2014, he was named the Chairman of the Board. He led the search for Microsoft's next CEO; as a result, Satya Nadella was selected.", "Q265516": "Ashley Aubra Jones (born September 3, 1976) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in soap operas as Megan Dennison on The Young and the Restless and as Dr. Bridget Forrester on The Bold and the Beautiful. She also had a recurring role as Daphne on the HBO drama series True Blood in 2009.", "Q320738": "Achille Campanile (Rome, 28 September 1899 \u2013 Lariano, 4 January 1977) was an Italian writer, playwright, journalist and television critic known for his surreal humour and word play.", "Q65540": "Kandergrund is a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q338177": "Jack Wild (30 September 1952 \u2013 1 March 2006) was an English actor and singer, best known for his debut role as the Artful Dodger in Oliver! (1968), for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor as well as Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations.\nWild is also known for his roles as Jimmy in the NBC children's television series H.R. Pufnstuf (1969) and in the accompanying 1970 feature film as well as Much the Miller's Son in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991).", "Q317194": "Nathan Karl Kress (born November 18, 1992) is an American actor, director, and former child model. Kress has been acting since the age of four and played the role of Freddie Benson on the Nickelodeon series iCarly.", "Q54945": "Hannes Olof G\u00f6sta Alfv\u00e9n (Swedish: [al\u02c8ve\u02d0n]; 30 May 1908 \u2013 2 April 1995) was a Swedish electrical engineer, plasma physicist and winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). He described the class of MHD waves now known as Alfv\u00e9n waves. He was originally trained as an electrical power engineer and later moved to research and teaching in the fields of plasma physics and electrical engineering. Alfv\u00e9n made many contributions to plasma physics, including theories describing the behavior of aurorae, the Van Allen radiation belts, the effect of magnetic storms on the Earth's magnetic field, the terrestrial magnetosphere, and the dynamics of plasmas in the Milky Way galaxy.", "Q34069": "Ashkenazi Jews ( ASH-, AHSH-k\u0259-NAH-zee), also known as Ashkenazic Jews or, by using the Hebrew plural suffix -im, Ashkenazim ( ASH-, AHSH-k\u0259-NAH-zim; Hebrew: \u05d0\u05b7\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05e0\u05b7\u05d6\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05dd, Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation: [\u02cca\u0283k\u0259\u02c8nazim], singular: [\u02cca\u0283k\u0259\u02c8nazi], Modern Hebrew: [a\u0283kena\u02c8zim, a\u0283kena\u02c8zi]; also \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d0\u05b7\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05e0\u05b7\u05d6 Y'hudey Ashkenaz), are a Jewish diaspora population who coalesced in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium.The traditional diaspora language of Ashkenazi Jews is Yiddish (a Germanic language with elements of Hebrew, Aramaic and Slavic languages), developed after they had moved into northern Europe: beginning with Germany and France in the Middle Ages. For centuries they used Hebrew only as a sacred language, until the revival of Hebrew as a common language in Israel. Throughout their time in Europe, Ashkenazim have made many important contributions to its philosophy, scholarship, literature, art, music and science.The term \"Ashkenazi\" refers to Jewish settlers who established communities along the Rhine river in Western Germany and in Northern France dating to the Middle Ages. Once there, they adapted traditions carried from Babylon, the Holy Land, and the Western Mediterranean to their new environment. The Ashkenazi religious rite developed in cities such as Mainz, Worms, and Troyes. The eminent French Rishon rabbi Shlomo Itzhaki (Rashi) would have a significant influence on the Jewish religion.\nIn the late Middle Ages, due to religious persecution, the majority of the Ashkenazi population shifted steadily eastward, moving out of the Holy Roman Empire into the areas later part of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, comprising parts of present-day Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Slovakia and Ukraine.In the course of the late 18th and 19th centuries, those Jews who remained in or returned to the German lands generated a cultural reorientation; under the influence of the Haskalah and the struggle for emancipation, as well as the intellectual and cultural ferment in urban centers, they gradually abandoned the use of Yiddish and adopted German, while developing new forms of Jewish religious life and cultural identity.The Holocaust of the Second World War decimated the Ashkenazim, affecting almost every Jewish family. It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed three percent of the world's total Jewish population, while an estimate made in 1930 (near the population's peak) had them as 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, ranging from 10 million to 11.2 million. Sergio Della Pergola, in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi Jews make up 65\u201370% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.Genetic studies on Ashkenazim\u2014researching both their paternal and maternal lineages, as well as autosomal DNA\u2014point to a Levantine origin with varying degrees of European admixture. These studies have arrived at diverging conclusions regarding both the degree and the sources of their European admixture, with some focusing on the extent of the Southern European genetic origin observed in Ashkenazi maternal lineages, which is in contrast to the predominant Middle Eastern genetic origin observed in Ashkenazi paternal lineages.", "Q120780": "Samuel Brawand (born 18 May 1898 in Grindelwald, Switzerland, died 11 July 2001 in Grindelwald) was a Swiss politician (SP) and mountaineer.", "Q297794": "Yasmina Reza (born 1 May 1959) is a French playwright, actress, novelist and screenwriter best known for her plays 'Art' and God of Carnage. Many of her brief satiric plays have reflected on contemporary middle-class issues.", "Q110643": "Wilhelm Hegeler (February 25, 1870 in Varel, Grand Duchy of Oldenburg \u2013 October 8, 1943 in Irschenhausen) was a German novelist.", "Q299961": "Monica Louise Horan (born January 29, 1963) is an American actress best known for her role as Amy MacDougall-Barone on the television sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond.", "Q430016": "Nicole Marie Jeanne Andrieu (21 October 1931 \u2013 25 June 2016), better known as Nicole Courcel, was a French actress who achieved popularity through the 1950s and 1960s, though she is mostly unknown outside of France. Born in Saint-Cloud, in the western suburbs of Paris, she appeared in 43 films between 1947 and 1979. After working as an extra in a few films, she won a major role in Rendez-vous de juillet (1949), with Brigitte Auber. In 1970 she turned to television, appearing in different television films and miniseries, in which she continued to work until 2004. Courcel is best known for her role in Serge Bourguignon's Sundays and Cybele (1962). She had notable parts in: La Marie du port (1950, opposite Jean Gabin), Sacha Guitry's Royal Affairs in Versailles (1954), and La Sorci\u00e8re (1956, opposite Marina Vlady).", "Q1238400": "Domino Recording Company (or simply as Domino) is a British independent record label based in London. There is also a wing of the label based in Brooklyn, New York that handles releases in the United States, as well as a German division called Domino Deutschland and a French division called Domino France. In addition, Stephen Pastel presides over the subsidiary label Geographic Music, which releases more 'unusual' music from Britain and outside of the Western world. In 2011, the company announced that it was beginning a book publishing division, The Domino Press.", "Q212952": "Boogie-woogie is a music genre that became popular during the late 1920s, developed in African-American communities in the 1870s. It was eventually extended from piano, to piano duo and trio, guitar, big band, country and western music, and gospel. While the blues traditionally expresses a variety of emotions, boogie-woogie is mainly associated with dancing. The lyrics of one of the earliest hits, \"Pinetop's Boogie Woogie\", consist entirely of instructions to dancers:", "Q106021": "Erwin Hermann Lambert (7 December 1909 \u2013 15 October 1976) was a perpetrator of the Holocaust. In profession, he was a master mason, building trades foreman, Nazi Party member and member of the Schutzstaffel with the rank of SS-Unterscharf\u00fchrer (corporal). He supervised construction of the gas chambers for the Action T4 euthanasia program at Hartheim, Sonnenstein, Bernburg and Hadamar, and then at Sobib\u00f3r and Treblinka extermination camps during Operation Reinhard. He specialized in building larger gas chambers that killed more people than previous efforts in the extermination program.", "Q55497": "Jamie Lynn Marie Spears (born April 4, 1991) is an American singer and actress. She is known for her role as Zoey Brooks on the Nickelodeon teen sitcom Zoey 101, in which she starred from 2005 to 2008. In July 2019, Netflix announced that Spears has been cast as a series regular in the upcoming romance drama series Sweet Magnolias.Spears was born in McComb, Mississippi, and raised in Louisiana, and is the younger sister of singer Britney Spears. She became the subject of significant media attention and controversy in 2007, when she announced she was pregnant at age 16, effectively sending her career into hiatus. \nIn 2013, Spears launched a career in country music. She released her debut single, \"How Could I Want More\", along with her debut EP, The Journey.", "Q65554": "Teuffenthal is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q119101": "Silke Scheuermann (born June 15, 1973 in Karlsruhe) is a German poet and novelist. She was educated in Frankfurt, Leipzig, and Paris. She is best known for her debut novel Die Stunde zwischen Hund und Wolf (The Hour Between Dog and Wolf), which has been translated into ten languages including English. She has won numerous German and European literary prizes and fellowships, including the Georg-Christoph-Lichtenberg-Preis, the Leonce-und-Lena-Preis, the H\u00f6lty Prize, the Bertolt-Brecht-Literaturpreis, and a Villa Massimo fellowship.\n\n", "Q148428": "Prelude to a Kiss is a 1992 American romantic fantasy film directed by Norman Ren\u00e9 and starring Alec Baldwin, Meg Ryan, and Sydney Walker. It is based on the 1988 play of the same title.\n\n", "Q184750": "Slavoj \u017di\u017eek ( (listen) SLAH-voy ZHEE-zhek; Slovene: [\u02c8sla\u028b\u0254j \u02c8\u0292i\u0292\u025bk]; born 21 March 1949) is a Slovenian philosopher, currently a researcher at the Department of Philosophy of the University of Ljubljana Faculty of Arts, and International director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities of the University of London. He is also Global Eminent Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul and Global Distinguished Professor of German at New York University. He works in subjects including continental philosophy, political theory, cultural studies, psychoanalysis, film criticism, Marxism, Hegelianism and theology.\nIn 1989 \u017di\u017eek published his first English-language text, The Sublime Object of Ideology, in which he departed from traditional Marxist theory to develop a materialist conception of ideology that drew heavily on Lacanian psychoanalysis and Hegelian idealism. His theoretical work became increasingly eclectic and political in the 1990s, dealing frequently in the critical analysis of disparate forms of popular culture and making him a popular figure of the academic left.\u017di\u017eek's idiosyncratic style, popular academic works, frequent magazine op-eds, and critical assimilation of high and low culture have gained him international influence, controversy, criticism and a substantial audience outside academia. In 2012, Foreign Policy listed \u017di\u017eek on its list of Top 100 Global Thinkers, calling him \"a celebrity philosopher\" while elsewhere he has been dubbed the \"Elvis of cultural theory\" and \"the most dangerous philosopher in the West\". A 2005 documentary film entitled Zizek! chronicled \u017di\u017eek's work. A journal, the International Journal of \u017di\u017eek Studies, was founded by professors David J. Gunkel and Paul A. Taylor to engage with his work.", "Q275711": "Willemijn Verkaik (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8\u028b\u026al\u0259m\u025bin v\u0259r\u02c8k\u0251ik]; born 16 June 1975) is a Dutch singer and actress. She is best known for her stage roles in Wicked and Elisabeth, and for providing the singing voice for Elsa in both the German and Dutch versions of Disney's Frozen. She was the longest running Elphaba in the musical Wicked, having played the role over 2,000 times, and is the only person to have played the role in three different languages. Her first performance as Elphaba was on 31 October 2007 in Stuttgart, Germany and her final performance in the role was on 22 July 2017 in the West End of London.", "Q12904": "Jan Stanis\u0142aw Skorupski (born July 18, 1938 in \u0141oszni\u00f3w, Podolia)\nis a Polish writer, poet, essayist and esperantist.", "Q276218": "Natashia Williams-Blach (born August 2, 1978) is an American actress, singer, and former Wonderbra campaign model, who is perhaps best known for her role as Shane Phillips in the NBC/syndicated series She Spies.\nShe also co-starred in So Little Time, opposite Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, and the Nickelodeon series Romeo! from 2004 to 2006.\nShe appeared on the seventh season of American Idol as Natashia Blach, having married photographer Brevin Blach. She made it through the Hollywood round to the top 50 but got cut just before the Top 24 were selected.\nShe has written and published a book, Mind Over Model (2013), most widely available on Amazon.com.", "Q4933": "Otto Richard Kierulf (29 January 1825 \u2013 7 January 1897) was a Norwegian military officer, politician and sports administrator.\n\n", "Q778968": "Jan Ludwik Pop\u0142awski (17 January 1854 in Bystrzejowice Pierwsze \u2013 12 March 1908 in Warsaw) was a Polish journalist, author, politician and one of the first chief activists and ideologues of the right-wing National Democracy political camp.", "Q112054": "Georg Johann Luger (March 6, 1849 \u2013 December 22, 1923) was an Austrian designer of the famous Luger pistol and the 9\u00d719mm Parabellum cartridge.", "Q701515": "Rakhat Mukhtaruly Aliyev (Kazakh: \u0420\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0442 \u041c\u04b1\u0445\u0442\u0430\u0440\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u04d8\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432, Rahat Muhtaruly \u00c1l\u0131ev; 10 December 1962 \u2013 24 February 2015) was a senior official of the government of Kazakhstan who died in an Austrian prison awaiting trial on charges of murder. His trial was planned to start in Vienna in first half of year 2015. Austrian legal circles were giving much attention to this high-profile criminal case in which a former diplomat was facing murder charges.He was chief of Kazakhstan's tax police, deputy chief of the KNB state security service (Kazakhstan's successor to the Soviet KGB), ambassador to Austria, and first vice foreign minister. While serving in those government posts, Aliyev amassed a fortune in the banking, oil refining, news media, telecommunications, and agricultural commodities sectors. He was born in Almaty.\nIn February 2007, he was appointed to his second tour as Kazakhstan's ambassador to Austria and to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, before being relieved of his post and losing his diplomatic immunity.Until June 2007, Aliyev was married to Dariga Nazarbayeva, the eldest daughter of Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev.\nAfter hiding in Malta to avoid an Interpol warrant for his arrest, and attempting to gain Cypriot citizenship, Aliyev was taken into custody in June 2014 by Austrian authorities on charges that include kidnapping and murder. He was jailed at the Josefstadt prison pending trial, and was placed under watch as a suicide risk.Aliyev, who portrayed himself as a dissident after falling out with Kazakhstan's leadership, said that he was not guilty and the charges against him were politically motivated.", "Q92862": "Jaron Zepel Lanier (, born May 3, 1960) is an American computer philosophy writer, computer scientist, visual artist, and composer of classical music. Considered a founding father of the field of virtual reality, Lanier and Thomas G. Zimmerman left Atari in 1985 to found VPL Research, Inc., the first company to sell VR goggles and gloves. In the late 1990s, Lanier worked on applications for Internet2, and in the 2000s, he was a visiting scholar at Silicon Graphics and various universities. In 2006 he began to work at Microsoft, and from 2009 has worked at Microsoft Research as an Interdisciplinary Scientist.Lanier has composed classical music and is a collector of rare instruments (of which he owns one to two thousand); his acoustic album, Instruments of Change (1994) features Asian wind and string instruments such as the khene mouth organ, the suling flute, and the sitar-like esraj. Lanier teamed with Mario Grigorov to compose the soundtrack to the documentary film The Third Wave (2007). In 2010, Lanier was nominated in the TIME 100 list of most influential people.", "Q270669": "Melissa Lou Etheridge (born May 29, 1961) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and activist. Her self-titled debut album Melissa Etheridge was released in 1988 and became an underground success. The album peaked at No. 22 on the Billboard 200, and its lead single, \"Bring Me Some Water\", garnered Etheridge her first Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock Vocal Performance, Female. In 1993, Etheridge won her first Grammy award for her single \"Ain't It Heavy\" from her third album, Never Enough. Later that year, she released what would become her mainstream breakthrough album, Yes I Am. Its tracks \"I'm the Only One\" and \"Come to My Window\" both reached the top 30 in the United States, and the latter earned Etheridge her second Grammy award. Yes I Am peaked at No. 15 on the Billboard 200, and spent 138 weeks on the chart, earning a RIAA certification of 6\u00d7 Platinum, her largest to date.\nIn October 2004, Etheridge was diagnosed with breast cancer, and underwent surgery and chemotherapy. At the 2005 Grammy Awards, she made a return to the stage and, while bald from chemotherapy, performed a tribute to Janis Joplin with the song \"Piece of My Heart\". Etheridge's performance was widely lauded, with India.Arie writing \"I Am Not My Hair\" about Etheridge. Later that year, Etheridge released her first compilation album, Greatest Hits: The Road Less Traveled. The album was a success, peaking at No. 14 on the Billboard 200, and going Gold almost immediately. Her latest studio album is The Medicine Show.\nEtheridge is known for her mixture of \"confessional lyrics, pop-based folk-rock, and raspy, smoky vocals.\" She has also been a gay and lesbian activist since her public coming out in January 1993. She has received fifteen Grammy Award nominations throughout her career, winning two, in 1993 and 1995. In 2007, she won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"I Need to Wake Up\" from the film An Inconvenient Truth. In September 2011, Etheridge received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.\n\n", "Q19689": "Tirana ( (listen); Albanian pronunciation: [ti\u02c8\u027eana]; Gheg Albanian: Tirona) is the capital and largest city by area and population of the Republic of Albania. The city was awarded the title of the European Youth Capital of 2022.Tirana is located in the center of Albania and is enclosed by mountains and hills with Mount Dajt elevating on the east and a slight valley on the northwest overlooking the Adriatic Sea in the distance. Due to its location within the Plain of Tirana and the close proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, the city is particularly influenced by a Mediterranean seasonal climate. It is among the wettest and sunniest cities in Europe, with 2,544 hours of sun per year.Tirana flourished as a city in 1614 but the region that today corresponds to the city's territory has been continuously inhabited since the Iron Age. The city's territory was inhabited by several Illyrian tribes but had no importance within Illyria. Indeed, it was annexed by Rome and became an integral part of the Roman Empire following the Illyrian Wars. The heritage of that period is still evident and represented by the Mosaics of Tirana. Later, in the 5th and 6th centuries, a Paleochristian basilica was built around this site.\nAfter the Roman Empire split into East and West in the 4th century, its successor the Byzantine Empire took control over most of Albania, and built the Petrel\u00eb Castle in the reign of Justinian I. The city was fairly unimportant until the 20th century, when the Congress of Lushnj\u00eb proclaimed it as Albania's capital, after the Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912.\nTirana is the most important economic, financial, political and trade center in Albania due to its significant location in the center of the country and its modern air, maritime, rail and road transportation. It is the seat of power of the Government of Albania, with the official residences of the President and Prime Minister of Albania, and the Parliament of Albania.", "Q1685376": "Jean Bertin (5 September 1917 \u2013 21 December 1975) was a French scientist, engineer and inventor. He was born in Druyes-les-Belles-Fontaines and died in Neuilly-sur-Seine, both French communes. He is best known as the lead engineer for the French experimental A\u00e9rotrain mass transit system.\nHe studied at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique (graduating in 1938) and at the \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure de l'a\u00e9ronautique et de l'espace. From 1944 he worked for the French National Society for the Development of Aircraft Engines (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 nationale d'\u00e9tudes et de construction de moteurs d'aviation).In 1955 he founded the company Bertin & Cie, whose most famous activity was the development of the A\u00e9rotrain. Bertin died just over a year and a half after the French government had terminated the contract for a planned A\u00e9rotrain line between Cergy and La D\u00e9fense.", "Q2096367": "Raoul Warocqu\u00e9 (Brussels, 4 February 1870 \u2013 Brussels, 28 May 1917), was a Belgian industrialist from Wallonia.", "Q211283": "Robert William Hoskins (26 October 1942 \u2013 29 April 2014) was an English actor. His work included lead roles in Pennies from Heaven (1978), The Long Good Friday (1980), Mona Lisa (1986), Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), Mermaids (1990), and Super Mario Bros. (1993), and supporting performances in Brazil (1985), Hook (1991), Nixon (1995), Enemy at the Gates (2001), Mrs. Henderson Presents (2005), A Christmas Carol (2009), Made in Dagenham (2010), and Snow White and the Huntsman (2012). He also directed two feature films: The Raggedy Rawney (1988) and Rainbow (1996).\nHoskins received the best actor award at the Cannes Film Festival, the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Drama for his role in Mona Lisa. He was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the same role. In 2009, Hoskins won an International Emmy Award for Best Actor for his appearance on the BBC One drama The Street. Hoskins retired from acting in 2012 due to Parkinson's disease, and died from pneumonia on 29 April 2014, at age 71.", "Q231635": "Sara Paxton (born April 25, 1988) is an American actress, voice artist, and singer. She is best known for her role as Mari Collingwood in the horror film The Last House on the Left (2009). She grew up in California and began acting at an early age, appearing in many minor roles in both films and television shows, before rising to fame in 2004, after playing the titular role in the television series Darcy's Wild Life (2004-2006) and Sarah Borden in Summerland (2004).\nPaxton's other films include Aquamarine (2006), Return to Halloweentown (2006), Sydney White (2007), Superhero Movie (2008) and The Innkeepers (2011). In 2017, Paxton had a guest appearance in David Lynch's Twin Peaks revival series, and in 2018 portrayed Donna Rice in the film The Front Runner.", "Q70159": "Magliaso is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q189512": "Zeng Guofan, Marquis Yiyong (Chinese: \u66fe\u570b\u85e9 pinyin: Z\u0113ng Gu\u00f3f\u0101n, Z\u0113ng Gu\u00f3f\u00e1n; 26 November 1811 \u2013 12 March 1872), birth name Zeng Zicheng, courtesy name Bohan, was a Chinese statesman, military general, and Confucian scholar of the late Qing dynasty. He is best known for raising and organizing the Xiang Army to aid the Qing military in suppressing the Taiping Rebellion and restoring the stability of the Qing Empire. Along with other prominent figures such as Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang of his time, Zeng set the scene for the Tongzhi Restoration, an attempt to arrest the decline of the Qing dynasty. Zeng was known for his strategic perception, administrative skill and noble personality on Confucianist practice, but also for the ruthlessness of his repression of rebellions.", "Q78505": "Peter Lorre (born L\u00e1szl\u00f3 L\u00f6wenstein; 26 June 1904 \u2013 23 March 1964) was a Hungarian-American character actor of Jewish descent. Lorre began his stage career in Vienna before moving to Germany where he worked first on the stage, then in film in Berlin in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Lorre caused an international sensation in the German film M (1931), directed by Fritz Lang, in which he portrayed a serial killer who preys on little girls.\nLorre left Germany when Adolf Hitler came to power. His second English-language film, following the multiple-language version of M (1931), was Alfred Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934) made in Great Britain. Eventually settling in Hollywood, he later became a featured player in many Hollywood crime and mystery films. In his initial American films, Mad Love and Crime and Punishment (both 1935), he continued to play murderers, but he was then cast playing Mr. Moto, the Japanese detective, in a B-picture series.\nFrom 1941 to 1946, he mainly worked for Warner Bros. His first film at Warner was The Maltese Falcon (1941), the first of many films in which he appeared alongside actors Humphrey Bogart and Sydney Greenstreet. This was followed by Casablanca (1942), the second of the nine films in which Lorre and Greenstreet appeared together. Lorre's other films include Frank Capra's Arsenic and Old Lace (1944) and Disney's 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954). Frequently typecast as a sinister foreigner, his later career was erratic. Lorre was the first actor to play a James Bond villain as Le Chiffre in a TV version of Casino Royale (1954). Some of his last roles were in horror films directed by Roger Corman.", "Q104150": "Monika Griefahn (born 3 October 1954 in Muelheim-Ruhr, Germany) is a German politician and activist who was one of the co-founders of Greenpeace. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).\nGriefahn was a member of the German Parliament (1998\u20132009), serving as an expert on cultural affairs and media as well as foreign (cultural) policy. From 1990 to 1998 she was the State Minister of the Environment in the State of Lower Saxony. From 1980 to 1990 she was an activist in the environmental organization Greenpeace and the first woman on the international board of Greenpeace (1984\u20131990).", "Q728839": "Tim Kinsella is a musician, author, and film director from Chicago, Illinois. He has been a member of many bands, including Cap'n Jazz, Joan of Arc, Make Believe, Owls, Friend/Enemy, Everyoned, and others. His early solo material appears under the alias Tim Kinsella(s).\nKinsella is known for his eccentric singing voice, and has worked as a bartender at the Rainbo Club in Chicago's Ukrainian Village neighborhood for most of his adult life. His brother Mike Kinsella refers to his bartending in the song \"Breaking Away\" on Owen's (The EP) (2004).\nTim Kinsella is the writer-director of the feature film Orchard Vale, which opened at the Chicago Underground Film Festival on August 15, 2007. His first novel, entitled The Karaoke Singer's Guide to Self-Defense, was published by Featherproof Books in September 2011. His second book, Let Go and Go On and On (Curbside Splendor Publishing), takes its inspiration from the late actress Laurie Bird's brief film career in the '70s, and was published in April 2014.The 2017 Noisey documentary Your War (I'm One of You): 20 Years of Joan of Arc focuses heavily on Kinsella's biography and personal experiences.", "Q124280": "Lale Yava\u015f (born 1978 in Brugg) is a Swiss and Turkish actress.", "Q604479": "Enric Llaudet Ponsa (Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, 25 September 1916 \u2013 15 August 2003) was a Catalan businessman and sports leader who chaired FC Barcelona between 1961 and 1968.", "Q944478": "Gleb Maximilianovich Krzhizhanovsky (Russian: \u0413\u043b\u0435\u0431 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) (24 January 1872 \u2013 31 March 1959) was a Soviet Scientist and a state figure. Born to a family of Polish descent (Polish surname: Krzy\u017canowski) he became an Academician of USSR Academy of Sciences (1929) and a Hero of Socialist Labour (1957).", "Q27001": "Martin (pronunciation ; Slovak: Tur\u010diansky Sv\u00e4t\u00fd Martin until 1950, Hungarian: Tur\u00f3cszentm\u00e1rton, German: Turz-Sankt Martin, Latin: Sanctus Martinus / Martinopolis) is a city in northern Slovakia, situated on the Turiec river, between the Mal\u00e1 Fatra and Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Fatra mountains, near the city of \u017dilina. The population numbers approximately 54,000, which makes it the ninth-largest city in Slovakia. It is the center of the Turiec region and the District of Martin.\n\n", "Q17014382": "Transparent is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jill Soloway for Amazon Studios that debuted on February 6, 2014. The story revolves around a Los Angeles family and their lives following the discovery that their parent (Jeffrey Tambor) is a trans woman named Maura. Transparent's first season premiered in full on September 26, 2014, and its second season on December 11, 2015, third season on September 23, 2016, and fourth season on September 21, 2017.Amazon picked up the series for a fourth season ahead of the premiere of the third. The fourth season premiered on September 22, 2017. Shortly before the premiere, Amazon renewed the series for a fifth and final season, which ultimately took the form of a feature-length finale with the subtitle \"Musicale Finale\", which was released on September 27, 2019.At the 72nd Golden Globe Awards, the show won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series \u2013 Musical or Comedy, while Jeffrey Tambor won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series \u2013 Musical or Comedy and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series. This is the first show produced by Amazon Studios to win a major award and the first show produced by a streaming media service to win a Golden Globe for Best Series.The series began airing on Sundance TV starting August 9, 2017.On November 19, 2017, Tambor hinted that he was leaving the show, announcing: \"I don't see how I can return to Transparent\", after two sexual harassment allegations were made against him. He was officially fired from Transparent on February 15, 2018.", "Q717411": "Tanaka Hisashige (\u7530\u4e2d \u4e45\u91cd, October 16, 1799 \u2013 November 7, 1881) was a Japanese rangaku scholar, engineer and inventor during the Bakumatsu and early Meiji period in Japan. In 1875, he founded what became the Toshiba Corporation. He has been called the \"Thomas Edison of Japan\" or \"Karakuri Giemon.\"", "Q76528": "Horst Mahler (born 23 January 1936) is a German former lawyer and political activist. He once was an extreme-left militant and a founding member of the Red Army Faction (RAF, also known as the Baader\u2013Meinhof Group) but later became a Maoist before switching to neo-Nazism. Between 2000 and 2003, he was a member of the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany. Since 2003, he has repeatedly been convicted of Volksverhetzung (\"incitement of popular hatred\") and Holocaust denial and served much of a twelve-year prison sentence.\nIn April 2017, he was ordered back to prison for a further three and a half years, and on 18 April 2017 Mahler fled the Federal Republic of Germany, hoping to avoid the execution of the sentence. His attempt to receive political asylum in Hungary was rejected, and he was deported back to Germany, where he was arrested and put back in jail to finish serving his sentence.", "Q4829515": "Avron B. Fogelman (born March 1, 1940 in Memphis, Tennessee) is an American businessman and real estate developer. He was a former part owner of the Major League Baseball's Kansas City Royals as well as several Memphis-based sports teams.\n\n", "Q371563": "Antonio Monda (born 19 October 1962) is an Italian writer, film director, essayist, and professor at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. He is a promoter of the arts, in particular film and literature.", "Q233022": "Christine Joan Taylor-Stiller (born July 30, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for playing Marcia Brady in The Brady Bunch Movie and A Very Brady Sequel, as well as roles in The Wedding Singer, Zoolander, and DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story.", "Q2016567": "Maverick is an American entertainment company founded in 1992 by Madonna, Frederick DeMann, and Veronica \"Ronnie\" Dashev, and formerly owned and operated by Warner Music Group. It included a recording company (Maverick Records), a film production company (Maverick Films), book publishing, music publishing, a Latin record division (Maverick Musica), and a television production company. The first releases for the company were Madonna's 1992 coffee table publication Sex and her studio album Erotica, which were released simultaneously to great controversy.\nDeMann was bought out of the company for a reported $20 million in 1998. Guy Oseary increased his stake in the company and took control as Chairman and CEO. Madonna and Dashev left in 2004 after a lawsuit between Maverick and Warner Music Group.", "Q555856": "Ettore Ovazza (21 March 1892, in Turin \u2013 11 October 1943, in Intra) was an Italian Jewish banker. Believing that his privileged position would be restored after the war, Ovazza stayed on after the Germans marched into Italy. Together with his wife and children, he was killed near the Swiss border by SS troops in 1943, shortly after the collapse of Mussolini's government during World War II.", "Q961808": "Rockville Centre, commonly abbreviated as RVC, is an incorporated village located in Nassau County, New York, in the United States. At the time of the 2010 census, the village had a total population of 24,023. It is in the southwestern section of the Town of Hempstead.", "Q106747": "Burkhard Jung (born 7 March 1958 in Siegen) is a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party. Since March 29, 2006, he has been the 21st lord mayor (Oberb\u00fcrgermeister) of Leipzig (Saxony).", "Q461259": "Josephine Hannah Chaplin (born March 28, 1949) is an American actress and the daughter of filmmaker Charlie Chaplin and his fourth wife, Oona O'Neill.Chaplin had a featured role in Pier Paolo Pasolini's The Canterbury Tales (1972).", "Q1238366": "George Robinson Swift (December 19, 1887 \u2013 September 10, 1972) was a U.S. senator from the state of Alabama. He was appointed to fill the term left by the death of John H. Bankhead, II and served in the Senate from June 15 to November 5, 1946, when a successor, John J. Sparkman, was elected. Swift was in the lumber business. He served in the Alabama House of Representatives 1931-1935 and the Alabama State Senate 1935-1939 and 1947\u20131951.", "Q98397": "Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann (23 August 1757 \u2013 10 May 1775) was a German actress. She was the daughter of the actors Konrad Ernst Ackermann and Sophie Charlotte Ackermann.", "Q63643": "Elly Beinhorn (30 May 1907 \u2013 28 November 2007) was a German pilot.\n\n", "Q215783": "Konrad Ekhof (12 August 1720 in Hamburg, Germany \u2013 16 June 1778) was a German actor, widely regarded as one of the foremost actors of the German-speaking realm in the 18th century. He was noted for his collaboration with the theatre principal Abel Seyler in the 1760s and 1770s, first at the Hamburg National Theatre and then at the travelling Seyler Theatre Company.", "Q6842": "Kleve ( KLAY-v\u0259, German: [\u02c8kle\u02d0v\u0259]; traditional English: Cleves KLEEVZ; Dutch: Kleef; French: Cl\u00e8ves; Spanish: Cl\u00e9veris; Latin: Clivia) is a town in the Lower Rhine region of northwestern Germany near the Dutch border and the river Rhine. From the 11th century onwards, Cleves was capital of a county and later a duchy. Today, Cleves is the capital of the district of Cleves in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The city is home to one of the campuses of the Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences.", "Q2579425": "Robert Michael Ballantyne (24 April 1825 \u2013 8 February 1894) was a Scottish author of juvenile fiction who wrote more than 100 books. He was also an accomplished artist, and exhibited some of his water-colours at the Royal Scottish Academy.", "Q3186249": "Jos\u00e9 Claudio Aranzadi Mart\u00ednez (born 9 October 1946) is a Spanish engineer, businessman and politician. He served as industry minister from 1988 to 1993.", "Q360485": "Scott Ian (born Scott Ian Rosenfeld; December 31, 1963) is an American musician, author and spoken word storyteller best known as the rhythm guitarist, backing and additional lead vocalist, and the only original remaining member of the thrash metal band Anthrax. He writes the lyrics on all their albums. Ian is the guitarist and a founding member of the crossover thrash band Stormtroopers of Death for which he is also the lyricist. He has hosted The Rock Show on VH1 and has appeared on VH1's I Love the... series, Heavy: The Story of Metal, and SuperGroup. Ian is also the rhythm guitarist for the metal band the Damned Things, and played with experimental band Mr. Bungle for seven reunion shows in 2020.", "Q545476": "Lya Fett Luft (born September 15, 1938) is a Brazilian writer and a prolific translator, working mostly in the English-Portuguese and the German-Portuguese language combinations.\n\n", "Q108781": "Fritz Schenk (10 March 1930, Helbra \u2013 4 May 2006, Frankfurt am Main) was a German publicist, journalist and television anchorman. He became well known for the general public thanks to his participation in ZDF-Magazin.", "Q1372290": "George Washington Johnson (c. October 1846 \u2013 January 23, 1914) was a singer and pioneer sound recording artist, the first African-American recording star of the phonograph.", "Q90720": "Mathilde Franziska Anneke (April 3, 1817 \u2013 November 25, 1884) was a German-American feminist and revolutionary socialist who dedicated her life to the dissemination of knowledge through her writing, newspapers, and school.\n\n", "Q137571": "Poul Martin M\u00f8ller (21 March 1794 \u2013 13 March 1838) was a Danish academic, writer, and poet. During his lifetime, he gained renown in Denmark for his poetry. After his death, his posthumously published fiction and philosophical writings were well received. He also devoted several decades of study to classical languages and literature. While serving as a professor at the University of Copenhagen, he was a mentor to the philosopher S\u00f8ren Kierkegaard.\n\n", "Q300371": "A Cock and Bull Story (marketed in Australia, New Zealand and the United States as Tristram Shandy: A Cock and Bull Story) is a 2005 British comedy film directed by Michael Winterbottom. It is a film-within-a-film, featuring Steve Coogan and Rob Brydon playing themselves as egotistical actors during the making of a screen adaptation of Laurence Sterne's 18th-century metafictional novel Tristram Shandy. Gillian Anderson and Keeley Hawes also play themselves in addition to their Tristram Shandy roles. Since the book is about a man attempting but failing to write his autobiography, the film takes the form of being about failing to make the film.", "Q214476": "Otto Ehrenfried Ehlers (January 31, 1855 \u2013 October 3, 1895) was a German traveller who is known for his account of a long trip through inland Southeast Asia, documented in his 1894 book Im Sattel durch Indochina, and recently republished by White Lotus Press of Thailand in English as a three-part series entitled On Horseback Through Indochina.", "Q96351": "Walter Bauer (November 4, 1904 \u2013 December 23, 1976) was a German-Canadian biographer, novelist and poet.\nWalter Bauer showed himself a promising poet in pre-Hitler Germany, but with the rise of the Nazis he found his poetry being banned. He became an elementary school teacher and after the war had high hopes for a literary life. However, in 1953, feeling the cynicism of the German Economic Miracle, he emigrated to Canada where, after a stint as a dishwasher, he became a professor in the German Department of the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario in 1954.\nHe wrote six novels, two collections of poetry and four biographies (including one on Van Gogh and another on Grey Owl). He also wrote plays and essays. He has been published in numerous literary magazines, such as Muschelhaufen.", "Q42666": "Shaoxing ([\u0282\u00e2u\u0255\u00ed\u014b] (listen); Chinese: \u7ecd\u5174) is a prefecture-level city on the southern shore of Hangzhou Bay in eastern Zhejiang province, China. It was formerly known as Kuaiji and Shanyin and abbreviated in Chinese as \u8d8a (Yu\u00e8) from the area's former inhabitants. Located on the south bank of the Qiantang River estuary, it borders Ningbo to the east, Taizhou to the southeast, Jinhua to the southwest, and Hangzhou to the west. As of 2010, its population was 4,912,339 inhabitants. Among which, 1,914,683 (Keqiao and Yuecheng districts) lived in the built-up metropolitan area of Hangzhou-Shaoxing, with a total of 8,156,154 inhabitants.\nNotable residents of Shaoxing include Wang Xizhi, the parents of Zhou Enlai, Lu Xun, and Cai Yuanpei. It is also noted for Shaoxing wine, meigan cai, and stinky tofu, and was recently featured on A Bite of China. Its local variety of Chinese opera sung in the local dialect and known as Yue opera is second in popularity only to Peking opera. In 2010, Shaoxing celebrated the 2,500th anniversary of the founding of the city.\nEconomically, the city's driven by manufacturing of textiles, electronics, and energy-efficient lighting. Zhejiang has the fifth highest per capita GDP in the nation, with the city itself at 32nd nationally by GDP per capita.", "Q443775": "Tamara Detro (October 21, 1959 \u2013 November 28, 1990), known by the stage name Tamara De Treaux, was an American actress. She stood 31 inches tall and had dwarfism.", "Q5378": "Rugby is a collective name for the team sports of rugby league and rugby union, as well as the earlier forms of football from which both games evolved. Canadian football, and to a lesser extent American football were also broadly considered forms of rugby football but are seldom now referred to as such. Rugby football started about 1845 at Rugby School in Rugby, Warwickshire, England, although forms of football in which the ball was carried and tossed date to medieval times. Rugby split into two sports in 1895, when twenty-one clubs split from the Rugby Football Union to form the Northern Rugby Football Union (later renamed the Rugby Football League in 1922) in the George Hotel, Huddersfield, over broken-time payments to players who took time off from work to play the sport, thus making rugby league the first code to turn professional and pay players. Rugby union turned professional one hundred years later in 1995, following the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa. The respective world governing bodies are World Rugby (rugby union) and the Rugby League International Federation (rugby league).\nRugby football was one of many versions of football played at English public schools in the 19th century. Although rugby league initially used rugby union rules, they are now wholly separate sports. In addition to these two codes, both American and Canadian football evolved from rugby football in the beginning of the 20th century.", "Q3494323": "Spyros Panagiotis Skouras (; Greek: \u03a3\u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2; March 28, 1893 \u2013 August 16, 1971) was a Greek-American motion picture pioneer and movie executive who was the president of the 20th Century Fox from 1942 to 1962. He resigned June 27, 1962, but served as chairman of the company for several years. He also had numerous ships, owning Prudential Lines.\nSkouras and two brothers came to the United States as immigrants in 1910; Spyros kept such a pronounced Greek accent in English that comedian Bob Hope would joke \"Spyros has been here twenty years but he still sounds as if he's coming next week.\" Skouras oversaw the production of such epics as Cleopatra (1963) with Elizabeth Taylor, as well as the development of Century City.\nHis grandchildren include Charles P. Skouras III, a film and television executive. His great-granddaughter Marielle Skouras has produced more than 25 television shows and created Beverly Hills Pawn, a hit reality show on REELZchannel.", "Q68925": "Mutrux is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q282372": "City Heat is a 1984 American buddy crime-comedy film starring Clint Eastwood and Burt Reynolds, written by Blake Edwards, and directed by Richard Benjamin. The film was released in North America in December 1984.\nThe pairing of Eastwood and Reynolds was expected to be a major box office hit, but the film earned only a disappointing $38.3 million, against a $25 million budget.", "Q672504": "The Gummfluh is a mountain in the western Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Vaud and Berne. It is the highest peak in the chain of mountains on the south side of the Pays d'Enhaut and it lies approximately halfway between Ch\u00e2teau d'Oex and Gstaad. The northern slopes form part of the large nature reserve of La Pierreuse.", "Q303678": "Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked (originally Alvin and the Chipmunks 3D) is a 2011 American live action/computer animated musical family comedy adventure film directed by Mike Mitchell. It is the third live action/animated film starring Alvin and the Chipmunks following the 2009 film Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel, which was a sequel to the 2007 film Alvin and the Chipmunks. The film stars Jason Lee, David Cross, and Jenny Slate with the voices of Justin Long, Matthew Gray Gubler, Jesse McCartney, Amy Poehler, Anna Faris and Christina Applegate. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and produced by Fox 2000 Pictures, Regency Enterprises and Bagdasarian Company. The film was released on December 16, 2011 and grossed $343 million on an $80 million budget. A fourth live action/animated film, Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip, was released on December 18, 2015.", "Q84755": "Gy\u00f6rgy Pray (also: George Pray, 11 September 1723 - 23 September 1801) was a Hungarian Jesuit Abbot, canon, librarian of the University library of Buda and important historian.", "Q1349206": "Mark Simpson is an English journalist, writer, and broadcaster specialising in popular culture, media, and masculinity. Simpson is the originator of the term and concept metrosexual. He has been described by one critic as \"the skinhead Oscar Wilde\".Simpson has written for numerous publications around the world, including The Times, The Guardian, Salon, Arena Homme +, GQ Style, Vogues Hommes International, The Independent on Sunday, T\u00eatu, the Seattle Stranger, and Dutch Playboy. In December 2007, GQ Russia placed him in their 'Top Ten Things That Changed Men's Lives'.", "Q664366": "Paul Frappier (May 8, 1977 \u2013 February 11, 2011), better known by his stage name Bad News Brown (at times, also as BNB and Briz Brown), was a Montreal-based Canadian entertainer, musician, and hip hop MC of Haitian origin. He was well known for pairing the sound of his chief instrument, the harmonica, with hip-hop beats and rhymes. Frappier started out busking in Montreal, taking his signature sound as a teenager to the streets and subway stations. He later toured and opened for many well-known hip hop acts or as background musician. He also appeared as an impromptu host in Music for a Blue Train, the 2003 documentary about busker musicians in the Montreal Metro subway train system. In 2004, he signed a management deal with E-Stunt Entertainment Group. In 2009, he established his own record label Trilateral Entertainment Inc and released his debut studio album Born 2 Sin. Brown was found murdered in an alley near the Lachine Canal in Montreal on February 11, 2011. Police said \"there was evidence of violence at the scene\". The long feature film BumRush featuring him in a leading role premiered posthumously on April 1, 2011.", "Q123504": "B\u00e4rbel H\u00f6hn (born 4 May 1952) is a German politician for Alliance '90/The Greens. She was elected to the Bundestag in the 2005 national elections, after serving as State Minister of Agriculture of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1995 to 2005.\n\n", "Q445304": "Dai Qing (born August 1941, Chinese: \u6234\u6674, Pinyin: D\u00e0i Q\u00edng) is a journalist and activist for China-related issues; most significantly against the Three Gorges Dam Project. Dai is also an author who has published many influential books, articles, and journals.\n\n", "Q66908": "Escholzmatt is a former municipality in the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Escholzmatt was the Canton's second largest municipality in terms of area. It is part of the UNESCO Entlebuch Biosphere Reserve since 2001. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Escholzmatt and Marbach merged to form the new municipality of Escholzmatt-Marbach.", "Q1291679": "Romare Bearden (September 2, 1911 \u2013 March 12, 1988) was an American artist, author, and songwriter. He worked with many types of media including cartoons, oils, and collages. Born in Charlotte, North Carolina, Bearden grew up in New York City and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and graduated from NYU in 1935.\nHe began his artistic career creating scenes of the American South. Later, he worked to express the humanity he felt was lacking in the world after his experience in the US Army during World War II on the European front. He returned to Paris in 1950 and studied Art History and Philosophy at Sorbonne University.\nBearden's early work focused on unity and cooperation within the African-American community. After a period during the 1950s when he painted more abstractly, this theme reemerged in his collage works of the 1960s. New York Times described Bearden as \"the nation's foremost collagist\" in his 1988 obituary. Bearden became a founding member of the Harlem-based art group known as The Spiral, formed to discuss the responsibility of the African-American artist in the civil rights movement.\nBearden was the author or coauthor of several books. He also was a songwriter, known as co-writer of the jazz classic \"Sea Breeze\", which was recorded by Billy Eckstine, a former high school classmate at Peabody High School, and Dizzy Gillespie. He had long supported young, emerging artists and he and his wife established the Bearden Foundation to continue this work, as well as to support young scholars. In 1987, Bearden was awarded the National Medal of Arts.", "Q721148": "Vitaly Mefodievich Solomin (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d; 12 December 1941 \u2013 27 May 2002) was a Soviet and Russian actor, director and screenwriter. He was the younger brother of Yury Solomin.", "Q40071": "200 Cigarettes is a 1999 American comedy film directed by Risa Bramon Garcia and written by Shana Larsen. The film follows multiple characters in New York City on New Year's Eve 1981. The film stars an ensemble cast consisting of Ben Affleck, Casey Affleck, Dave Chappelle, Guillermo D\u00edaz, Angela Featherstone, Janeane Garofalo, Gaby Hoffmann, Kate Hudson, Courtney Love, Jay Mohr, Martha Plimpton, Christina Ricci and Paul Rudd. The film also features a cameo by Elvis Costello, as well as paintings by Sally Davies.", "Q312775": "Samuel Aba (Hungarian: Aba S\u00e1muel; before 990 or c. 1009 \u2013 5 July 1044) reigned as King of Hungary between 1041 and 1044. He was born to a prominent family with extensive domains in the region of the M\u00e1tra Hills. Based on reports in the Gesta Hungarorum and other Hungarian chronicles about the non-Hungarian origin of the Aba family, modern historians write that the Abas headed the Kabar tribes that seceded from the Khazar Khaganate and joined the Hungarians in the 9th century.\nAround 1009, Samuel or his father married a sister of Stephen I, the first King of Hungary. Thereafter the originally pagan or Jewish Aba family converted to Christianity. King Stephen appointed Samuel to head the royal court as his palatine. However, the king died in 1038, and the new monarch, Peter the Venetian, removed Samuel from his post.\nThe Hungarian lords dethroned Peter in 1041 and elected Samuel king. According to the unanimous narration of the Hungarian chronicles, Samuel preferred commoners to noblemen, causing discontent among his former partisans. His execution of many opponents brought him into conflict with Bishop Gerard of Csan\u00e1d. In 1044, Peter the Venetian returned with the assistance of the German monarch, Henry III, who defeated Samuel's larger army at the battle of M\u00e9nf\u0151 near Gy\u0151r. Samuel fled from the battlefield but was captured and killed.", "Q58158": "Bruno Stagno Ugarte (born 1970 in Paris, France) was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica from 2006 to 2010 and was the president of the Assembly of States Parties of the International Criminal Court (ICC) from 2005 to 2008.", "Q4700": "(Achille) Claude Debussy (French: [a\u0283il klod d\u0259bysi]; 22 August 1862 \u2013 25 March 1918) was a French composer. He is sometimes seen as the first Impressionist composer, although he vigorously rejected the term. He was among the most influential composers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.\nBorn to a family of modest means and little cultural involvement, Debussy showed enough musical talent to be admitted at the age of ten to France's leading music college, the Conservatoire de Paris. He originally studied the piano, but found his vocation in innovative composition, despite the disapproval of the Conservatoire's conservative professors. He took many years to develop his mature style, and was nearly 40 when he achieved international fame in 1902 with the only opera he completed, Pell\u00e9as et M\u00e9lisande.\nDebussy's orchestral works include Pr\u00e9lude \u00e0 l'apr\u00e8s-midi d'un faune (1894), Nocturnes (1897\u20131899) and Images (1905\u20131912). His music was to a considerable extent a reaction against Wagner and the German musical tradition. He regarded the classical symphony as obsolete and sought an alternative in his \"symphonic sketches\", La mer (1903\u20131905). His piano works include two books of Pr\u00e9ludes and two of \u00c9tudes. Throughout his career he wrote m\u00e9lodies based on a wide variety of poetry, including his own. He was greatly influenced by the Symbolist poetic movement of the later 19th century. A small number of works, including the early La Damoiselle \u00e9lue and the late Le Martyre de saint S\u00e9bastien have important parts for chorus. In his final years, he focused on chamber music, completing three of six planned sonatas for different combinations of instruments.\nWith early influences including Russian and far-eastern music, Debussy developed his own style of harmony and orchestral colouring, derided \u2013 and unsuccessfully resisted \u2013 by much of the musical establishment of the day. His works have strongly influenced a wide range of composers including B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k, Olivier Messiaen, George Benjamin, and the jazz pianist and composer Bill Evans. Debussy died from cancer at his home in Paris at the age of 55 after a composing career of a little more than 30 years.", "Q219634": "Claude Cahun (25 October 1894 \u2013 8 December 1954), born Lucy Renee Mathilde Schwob, was a French photographer, sculptor and writer.Schwob adopted the gender-ambiguous name Claude Cahun in 1917 and is best known for self-portraits, in which they assumed a variety of personae.\nCahun's work was both political and personal, and often undermined traditional concepts of static gender roles. In their autobiography, Disavowals, they explained, \"Masculine? Feminine? It depends on the situation. Neuter is the only gender that always suits me.\"During WWII, Cahun was also active as a resistance worker and propagandist.", "Q1411222": "George Mason University (Mason, GMU, or George Mason) is a public research university located in Fairfax County near Fairfax City in Virginia. In 1956, the Commonwealth of Virginia authorized the establishment of a Northern Virginia branch of the University of Virginia and the institution that is now named George Mason University opened in September 1957. It became an independent institution in 1972. It has since grown to become the largest four-year public university in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The university is named after the founding father George Mason, a Virginia planter and politician who authored the Virginia Declaration of Rights that later influenced the future Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution. Mason operates four campuses in Virginia (Fairfax, Arlington, Front Royal, and Prince William), as well as a fifth campus in South Korea.\nThe university is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity\". It is particularly well known in the fields of economics and law and economics. Two Mason economics professors have won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics: James M. Buchanan in 1986 and Vernon L. Smith in 2002.EagleBank Arena (formerly the Patriot Center), a 10,000-seat arena and concert venue operated by the university, is located on the main Fairfax campus. The university recognizes 500 student groups as well as 41 fraternities and sororities.", "Q78288": "Josef Angelo Neumann (18 August 1838 \u2013 20 December 1910) was a German operatic baritone and theater director. First a baritone at major opera houses in Europe, including the Vienna Imperial Opera, he was the managing director of the Leipzig Opera and the Estates Theatre in Prague. He is known as an early promoter of the stage works by Richard Wagner, namely the Ring cycle, which he presented with the sets and costumes of the world premiere at the Bayreuth Festival, first in Leipzig and then on a European tour.\n\n", "Q16551": "Vermont ( (listen)) is a northeastern U.S. state in the New England region. It borders the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. Vermont is the only state in New England that does not border the Atlantic Ocean. Vermont is the second-smallest by population and the sixth-smallest by area of the 50 U.S. states. The state capital is Montpelier, the least populous state capital in the United States. The most populous city, Burlington, is the least populous city to be the most populous city in a state. \nFor some 12,000 years, indigenous peoples inhabited this area. The historically competitive tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Abenaki and Iroquoian-speaking Mohawk were active in the area at the time of European encounter.\nDuring the 17th century, French colonists claimed the territory as part of the Kingdom of France's colony of New France. After the Kingdom of Great Britain began to settle colonies to the south along the Atlantic coast, the two nations competed in North America in addition to Europe. For years, each country enlisted Native American allies in continuous raiding and warfare between the New England and New France colonies. This produced an active trade in captives taken during such raids, often held for ransom, although some captives were adopted by families into the Mohawk or Abenaki tribes.\nAfter being defeated in 1763 in the Seven Years' War, France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain. Thereafter, the nearby British Thirteen Colonies, especially the provinces of New Hampshire and New York, disputed the extent of the area called the New Hampshire Grants to the west of the Connecticut River, encompassing present-day Vermont. The provincial government of New York sold land grants to settlers in the region, which conflicted with earlier grants from the government of New Hampshire. The Green Mountain Boys militia protected the interests of the established New Hampshire land grant settlers against the newly-arrived settlers with land titles granted by New York.\nUltimately, a group of settlers with New Hampshire land grant titles established the Vermont Republic in 1777 as an independent state during the American Revolutionary War. The Vermont Republic abolished slavery before any of the other states. Vermont was also the first state to produce an African-American university graduate, Alexander Twilight, in 1823.\nVermont was admitted to the newly established United States as the fourteenth state in 1791. Vermont is one of the four U.S. states that were previously sovereign states (along with Texas, California, and Hawaii).\nDuring the mid-19th century, Vermont was a strong source of abolitionist sentiment, although it was also tied to King Cotton through the development of textile mills in the region, which relied on southern cotton. It sent a significant contingent of soldiers to participate in the American Civil War. In the 21st century, Protestants (30%) and Catholics (22%) make up the majority of those reporting a religious preference, with 37% reporting no religion, the highest rate of irreligion of all states. Other religions individually contribute no more than two percent to the total.\nThe geography of the state is marked by the Green Mountains, which run north\u2013south up the middle of the state, separating Lake Champlain and other valley terrain on the west from the Connecticut River valley that defines much of its eastern border. A majority of its terrain is forested with hardwoods and conifers, and a majority of its open land is devoted to agriculture. The state's climate is characterized by warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters.\nVermont's economic activity of $34 billion in 2018 ranked 52nd on the list of U.S. states and territories by GDP (every state plus Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico were larger), but 34th in GDP per capita. In 1960, Vermonters' politics started to shift from being reliably Republican toward favoring Democratic candidates. Starting in 1963, Vermont voters have alternated between electing Republican and Democratic governors. Since 2007, Vermont has elected only Democrats and independents to Congress. In 2000, the state legislature was the first to recognize civil unions for same-sex couples. In 2011\u20132012, the state officially recognized four Abenaki tribes.\n\n", "Q368": "Augusto Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Pinochet Ugarte (, also US: , UK: , Spanish: [au\u02c8\u0263usto pino\u02c8(t)\u0283e(t)]; 25 November 1915 \u2013 10 December 2006) was a Chilean general and politician who ruled as dictator of Chile from 1973 to 1990, first as the President of the Government Junta of Chile from 1973 to 1981, before being declared President of the Republic by the junta in 1974.Pinochet assumed power in Chile following a United States-backed coup d'\u00e9tat on 11 September 1973 that overthrew the democratically elected socialist Unidad Popular government of President Salvador Allende and ended civilian rule. The support of the United States was crucial to the coup and the consolidation of power afterward. Pinochet had been promoted to Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army by Allende on 23 August 1973, having been its General Chief of Staff since early 1972. In December 1974, the ruling military junta appointed Pinochet Supreme Head of the nation by joint decree, although without the support of one of the coup's instigators, Air Force General Gustavo Leigh. Following his rise to power, Pinochet persecuted leftists, socialists, and political critics, resulting in the executions of from 1,200 to 3,200 people, the internment of as many as 80,000 people and the torture of tens of thousands. According to the Chilean government, the number of executions and forced disappearances was 3,095. Operation Condor was founded at the behest of the Pinochet regime in late November 1975, his 60th birthday.Under the influence of the free market-oriented \"Chicago Boys\", Pinochet's military government implemented economic liberalization, including currency stabilization, removed tariff protections for local industry, banned trade unions and privatized social security and hundreds of state-owned enterprises. Some of the government properties were sold below market price to politically connected buyers, including Pinochet's son-in-law. These policies produced high economic growth, but critics state that economic inequality dramatically increased and attribute the devastating effects of the 1982 monetary crisis on the Chilean economy to these policies. For most of the 1990s, Chile was the best-performing economy in Latin America, though the legacy of Pinochet's reforms continues to be in dispute. His fortune grew considerably during his years in power through dozens of bank accounts secretly held abroad and a fortune in real estate. He was later prosecuted for embezzlement, tax fraud and for possible commissions levied on arms deals.Pinochet's 17-year rule was given a legal framework through a controversial 1980 plebiscite, which approved a new constitution drafted by a government-appointed commission. In a 1988 plebiscite, 56% voted against Pinochet's continuing as president, which led to democratic elections for the presidency and Congress. After stepping down in 1990, Pinochet continued to serve as Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army until 10 March 1998, when he retired and became a senator-for-life in accordance with his 1980 Constitution. However, Pinochet was arrested under an international arrest warrant on a visit to London on 10 October 1998 in connection with numerous human rights violations. Following a legal battle, he was released on grounds of ill-health and returned to Chile on 3 March 2000. In 2004, Chilean Judge Juan Guzm\u00e1n Tapia ruled that Pinochet was medically fit to stand trial and placed him under house arrest. By the time of his death on 10 December 2006, about 300 criminal charges were still pending against him in Chile for numerous human rights violations during his 17-year rule and tax evasion and embezzlement during and after his rule. He was also accused of having corruptly amassed at least US$28 million.\n\n", "Q634237": "Lajos P\u00f3sa (9 April 1850 \u2013 9 July 1914) was a Hungarian writer and poet. He created and edited a children's literary journal.", "Q1406986": "Shrapnel Records is a guitar-oriented record label started in 1980 by record producer Mike Varney.", "Q173455": "Brian Roger Hart (7 September 1936 \u2013 5 January 2014) was a British racing driver and engineer with a background in the aviation industry. He is best known as the founder of Brian Hart Limited, a company that developed and built engines for motorsport use.", "Q69385": "Gravesano is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q92651": "H\u00e5kon Wium Lie (born July 16, 1965) is a Norwegian web pioneer, a standards activist, and the Chief Technology Officer of Opera Software from 1998 until the browser was sold to new owners in 2016. He is best known for developing Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) while working with Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau at CERN in 1994.\n\n", "Q2310145": "Meteorologists are scientists who study and work in the field of meteorology. Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologist in research while those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecast are called weather forecasters or operational meteorologists.They work in government agencies, private consulting and research services, industrial enterprises, utilities, radio and television stations, and in education. Not to be confused with weather presenters who are most often journalists presenting the weather forecast in the media, having just minimal training in meteorology.", "Q778983": "Jean-Pierre Montcassen is a pen name of Imre Cseleny\u00e1k (Ny\u00edrk\u00e1ta, Hungary, 1 January 1957.) a story teller (in his own words), novelist, musician, song lyricist, the vice president of the Hungarian Prose Writer Workshop, and a member of the Hungarian Literary Authors' Collecting Society (HLACS) (\"MISZJE\").", "Q217619": "John Anthony Burgess Wilson, (; 25 February 1917 \u2013 22 November 1993), who published under the name Anthony Burgess, was an English writer and composer.\nAlthough Burgess was predominantly a comic writer, his dystopian satire A Clockwork Orange remains his best-known novel. In 1971, it was adapted into a controversial film by Stanley Kubrick, which Burgess said was chiefly responsible for the popularity of the book. Burgess produced numerous other novels, including the Enderby quartet, and Earthly Powers. He wrote librettos and screenplays, including the 1977 TV mini-series Jesus of Nazareth. He worked as a literary critic for several publications, including The Observer and The Guardian, and wrote studies of classic writers, notably James Joyce. A versatile linguist, Burgess lectured in phonetics, and translated Cyrano de Bergerac, Oedipus Rex, and the opera Carmen, among others.\nBurgess also composed over 250 musical works; he considered himself as much a composer as an author, although he enjoyed considerably more success in writing.", "Q214310": "Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel (31 January 1741 \u2013 23 April 1796) was a German satirical and humorous writer.\nHippel was born at Gerdauen in the Kingdom of Prussia, where his father was rector of a school. He enjoyed an excellent education at home, and in his sixteenth year he entered the University of K\u00f6nigsberg as a student of theology. Among his instructors was the philosopher Immanuel Kant and the two became close friends. Interrupting his studies, he went, on the invitation of a friend, to St Petersburg, where he was introduced at the brilliant court of the empress Catherine II. Returning to K\u00f6nigsberg he became a tutor in a private family; but, falling in love with a young lady of high position, his ambition was aroused, and giving up his tutorship he devoted himself with enthusiasm to legal studies. He was successful in his profession, and in 1780 was appointed chief burgomaster in K\u00f6nigsberg, and in 1786 privy councillor of war and president of the town. As he rose in the world, however, his inclination for matrimony vanished, and the lady who had stimulated his ambition was forgotten. He died at K\u00f6nigsberg on 23 April 1796, leaving a considerable fortune.\nHippel had extraordinary talents, rich in wit and fancy; but his was a character full of contrasts and contradictions. Cautiousness and ardent passion, dry pedantry and piety, morality and sensuality; simplicity and ostentation composed his nature; and, hence, his literary productions never attained artistic finish. In his Lebenslaufe nach aufsteigender Linie (1778\u201381) he intended to describe the lives of his father and grandfather, but he eventually confined himself to his own. It is an autobiography, in which persons well known to him are introduced, together with a mass of heterogeneous reflections on life and philosophy. Kreuz- and Querz\u00fcge des Ritters A bis Z (1793\u201394) is a satire levelled against the follies of the age\u2013ancestral pride and the thirst for orders, decoration and the like.\nAmong others of his better known works are \u00dcber die Ehe (1774) and \u00dcber die b\u00fcrgerliche Verbesserung der Weiber (1792). In the latter essay, Hippel argues that the natural traits of women make them superior for many tasks, especially education. According to Jane Kneller, Hippel's \"central claim\" in this essay is that \"excluding women from the public square is a travesty of justice that prevents the advancement of humanity toward genuine civilization.\" Timothy F. Sellner has produced an English translation of this work under the title On Improving the Status of Women. Hippel has been called the fore-runner of Jean Paul, and has some resemblance to this author, in his constant digressions and in the interweaving of scientific matter in his narrative. Like Richter he was strongly influenced by Laurence Sterne. He never married.\nIn 1827\u201338 a collected edition of Hippel's works in 14 volumes was issued at Berlin. \u00dcber die Ehe has been edited by Emil Brenning (Leipzig, 1872), and the Lebenslaufe nach aufsteigender Linie has in a modernized edition by Alexander von Oettingen (1878), gone through several editions. See J Czerny, Sterne, Hippel and Jean Paul (Berlin, 1904).\n This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Hippel, Theodor Gottlieb von\". Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 517.", "Q99704": "Andrej Konstantin Hunko (born 29 September 1963 in Munich) is a Member of the German Bundestag and of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) for The Left party.", "Q1250743": "Adnan Sami Khan (born 15 August 1971) is a British-born Indian singer, musician, music composer, pianist and actor. He performs Indian and Western music, including for Hindi movies. His most notable instrument is the piano. He has been credited as \"the first musician to have played the santoor & Indian classical music on the piano\". A review in the US-based Keyboard magazine described him as the fastest keyboard player in the world and called him the keyboard discovery of the nineties. He was awarded the Padma Shri on 26 January 2020. \nHe was born in London to Arshad Sami Khan, a Pakistani Air force vet and diplomat of Pashtun origin, and Naureen, who was originally from Jammu and Kashmir state. The Times of India has called him the \"Sultan of Music\".", "Q272095": "Audrey Meadows (born Audrey Cotter, February 8, 1922 \u2013 February 3, 1996) was an American actress best known for her role as the deadpan housewife Alice Kramden on the 1950s American television comedy The Honeymooners. She was the younger sister of Hollywood leading lady Jayne Meadows.", "Q666217": "Bern-Mittelland District in the Canton of Bern was created on 1 January 2010. It is part of the Bern-Mittelland administrative region, and is the only district in the region. It contains 77 municipalities with an area of 946.30 km2 (365.37 sq mi) and a population (as of 2018) of 414,658.It is made up of the valley of the rivers Aare and Emme, some of the foothills of the Bernese Alps, as well as the plain around the capital Bern, and has many small farms and hilly forested regions with small to mid-sized towns scattered throughout. It is perhaps best known by foreigners and visitors for the Emmental. The classic Swiss cheese with holes Emmentaler comes from this region's forests and pastures, of hilly and low mountainous countryside in the 1,000 to 2,000 m (3,300 to 6,600 ft) range.", "Q167420": "Croats (; Croatian: Hrvati, pronounced [xr\u0329\u028b\u0103\u02d0ti]), also known as Croatians, are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia.\nDue to political, social and economic reasons, many Croats migrated to North and South America (Argentina, Chile, and Paraguay) as well as Australia and New Zealand, establishing a diaspora in the aftermath of World War II, with grassroots assistance from earlier communities and the Roman Catholic Church.Croats are mostly Roman Catholics. The Croatian language is official in Croatia, the European Union, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croatian is a recognised minority language within Croatian autochthonous communities and minorities in Montenegro, Austria (Burgenland), Italy (Molise), Romania (Cara\u0219ova, Lupac) and Serbia (Vojvodina).", "Q338188": "Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, 1st Baronet (18 February 1810 \u2013 10 May 1869), was an English art patron, horticulturalist and Whig politician. He is best remembered as one of the chief promoters of the Great Exhibition of 1851.", "Q448146": "The Leading Man is a 1996 British romantic drama film directed by John Duigan. It premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in 1996 but was not released in the United States until March 1998. The film is set in London in the winter.", "Q110870": "Rudolf Herrnstadt (18 March 1903 \u2013 28 August 1966) was a German journalist and communist politician \u2013 most notable for his anti-fascist activity as an exile from the Nazi German regime in the Soviet Union during the war and as a journalist in East Germany until his death, where he and Wilhelm Zaisser represented the anti-Ulbricht wing of the Socialist Unity Party (SED) in the 1950s.\nHerrnstadt actively provided intelligence about Nazi Germany and Poland to the Soviet Union in the 1930s.", "Q1026679": "The Calgary Stampeders are a professional Canadian football team based in Calgary, Alberta, competing in the West Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). The Stampeders play their home games at McMahon Stadium and are the third-oldest active franchise in the CFL. The Stampeders were officially founded in 1945, although there were clubs operating in Calgary as early as 1909.The Calgary Stampeders have won eight Grey Cups, most recently in 2018, from their appearances in 17 Grey Cup Championship games. They have won 20 Western Division Championships and one Northern Division Championship in the franchise's history. The team has a provincial rivalry with the Edmonton Eskimos, as well as fierce divisional rivalries with the Saskatchewan Roughriders and the BC Lions.", "Q88609": "Rudolf Brestel (16 May 1816 in Vienna \u2013 3 March 1881) was an Austrian politician.", "Q607825": "Alexander Andreyevich Prokhanov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; born 26 February 1938) is a Russian writer, a member of the secretariat of the Writers Union of the Russian Federation and the author of more than 30 novels and short story collections. He is the editor-in-chief of Russia's extreme-right (or radical-reactionary) newspaper Zavtra (\"\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\", Tomorrow), that combines ultranationalist and anti-capitalist views.", "Q1386311": "Paul Harold Westerberg (born December 31, 1959) is an American musician, best known as the lead singer, guitarist and songwriter in The Replacements, one of the seminal alternative rock bands of the 1980s. He launched a solo career after the dissolution of that band. In recent years, he has cultivated a more independent-minded approach, primarily recording his music at home in his basement.", "Q171242": "Gleb Ivanovich Uspensky (Russian: \u0413\u043b\u0435\u0431 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; October 25, 1843 \u2013 April 6, 1902), was a Russian Empire writer, and a prominent figure of the Narodnik movement.", "Q233977": "Lene Marlin (born Lene Marlin Pedersen, 17 August 1980, Troms\u00f8, Norway) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter and musician.", "Q629500": "James Lick (August 25, 1796 \u2013 October 1, 1876) was an American real estate investor, carpenter, piano builder, land baron, and patron of the sciences. At the time of his death, he was the wealthiest man in California, and left the majority of his estate to social and scientific causes.\n\n", "Q1047293": "The University of California, Santa Cruz (UC Santa Cruz or UCSC) is a public research university in Santa Cruz, California. It is one of 10 campuses in the University of California system. Located 75 miles (120 km) south of San Francisco at the edge of the coastal community of Santa Cruz, the campus lies on 2,001 acres (810 ha) of rolling, forested hills overlooking the Pacific Ocean and Monterey Bay.\nFounded in 1965, UC Santa Cruz began with the intention to showcase progressive, cross-disciplinary undergraduate education, innovative teaching methods and contemporary architecture. The residential college system consists of ten small colleges.", "Q694081": "Arnold Charles Ernest Hintjens (born 21 May 1949), better known by his stage name Arno, is a Belgian artist born in Oostende. He was the frontman of TC Matic, one of the best-known Belgian bands of the 1980s. Since the band split in 1986 he has had a solo career.\nArno sings in a mixture of English, French, Dutch and his Ostend dialect. For TC Matic, a band which achieved moderate artistic success throughout Europe, he wrote or co-wrote all the band's material, much of it together with guitarist and producer Jean-Marie Aerts. After going solo he released more than a dozen albums during a successful career. In 2002 he received the title \"Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres\" (Knight in the Arts and Literature) of the French government. A 2004 biography by Gilles Deleux was translated in Dutch as Een lach en een traan (\"A Smile and a Tear\").In the Belgian film Camping Cosmos he played the homosexual lifeguard Harry who does not pay attention to Lolo Ferrari who is incarnating a caricature of Pamela Anderson.", "Q1039759": "Magnet is the pseudonym of Norwegian singer-songwriter Even Johansen (born 7 June 1970). To date, he has released five full-length studio albums as well as several singles and EPs. Johansen draws upon many influences, including folk, pop, and electronica. His albums are composed and produced solely by him, and he usually performs live sets on his own, using preset loops or creating them as he plays.", "Q938028": "Little Dorrit is a 2008 British miniseries based on Charles Dickens\u2019s serial novel of the same title, originally published between 1855 and 1857. The screenplay is by Andrew Davies and the episodes were directed by Adam Smith, Dearbhla Walsh, and Diarmuid Lawrence.\nThe series was a joint production of the BBC and the American PBS member station WGBH Boston. It originally was broadcast by BBC One and BBC HD, beginning on 26 October 2008 with a 60-minute opening episode, followed by 12 half-hour episodes and a 60-minute finale. In the United States, it aired in five episodes as part of PBS's Masterpiece series between 29 March and 26 April 2009. In Australia, episodes were combined into seven-parts on ABC1 each Sunday at 8:30pm from 27 June 2010 and has since been repeated on UKTV.The series won seven Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Miniseries.", "Q7209": "The Han dynasty (Chinese: \u6f22\u671d; pinyin: H\u00e0nch\u00e1o) was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC\u2013220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221\u2013206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220\u2013280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the \"Han Chinese\" (Han Zu) and the Chinese script is referred to as \"Han characters\". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9\u201323 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC \u2013 9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25\u2013220 AD).\nThe emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141\u201387 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912 AD.\nThe Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050\u2013256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618\u2013907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. \nTo finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer employing an inverted pendulum that could be used to discern the cardinal direction of distant earthquakes.\nThe Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior and vassal partner for several decades, but continued their military raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty and control into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. \nEmperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. \nFollowing the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168\u2013189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty ceased to exist.", "Q55468": "Ugo Tognazzi (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8u\u02d0\u0261o to\u0272\u02c8\u0272attsi]; 23 March 1922 \u2013 27 October 1990) was an Italian film, TV, and theatre actor, director, and screenwriter.", "Q3519761": "Satyan Pitroda (Hindi: [s\u0254t\u032aj\u0254na\u02d0ra\u02d0j\u0254\u0273\u0254 \u0261\u0254\u014bga\u02d0ra\u02d0m\u0254 pi\u0288ro\u027da\u02d0]) popularly known as Sam Pitroda (born 4 May 1942) is a telecom engineer, inventor and entrepreneur. He was born Titlagarh in the eastern Indian state of Odisha.", "Q597242": "Michael Kevin O'Leary (born 20 March 1961) is an Irish businessman and the Chief Executive Officer of Ryanair. He is one of Ireland's wealthiest businessmen.", "Q168707": "Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, born Gaius Caecilius or Gaius Caecilius Cilo (61 \u2013 c. 113), better known as Pliny the Younger (), was a lawyer, author, and magistrate of Ancient Rome. Pliny's uncle, Pliny the Elder, helped raise and educate him.\nPliny the Younger wrote hundreds of letters, of which 247 survive and are of great historical value. Some are addressed to reigning emperors or to notables such as the historian Tacitus. Pliny served as an imperial magistrate under Trajan (reigned 98\u2013117), and his letters to Trajan provide one of the few surviving records of the relationship between the imperial office and provincial governors.Pliny rose through a series of civil and military offices, the cursus honorum. He was a friend of the historian Tacitus and might have employed the biographer Suetonius on his staff. Pliny also came into contact with other well-known men of the period, including the philosophers Artemidorus and Euphrates the Stoic, during his time in Syria.", "Q554209": "Jan Nepomucen (de) Bobrowicz (12 May 1805 \u2013 2 November 1881) was a Polish virtuoso guitarist, composer, music editor, and publisher.\nFranz Liszt called him \"the Chopin of guitar\".", "Q110864": "Markus Blume (born 14 February 1975) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU). Since 14 March 2018, he has been serving as Secretary General of the CSU party.", "Q3030676": "Percy Nils Barnevik HonFREng (born 13 February 1941) is a Swedish business executive, best known as CEO and later Chairman of Asea Brown Boveri (ABB) 1988\u20132002, and for being the centre of a giant pension dispute that shook Sweden in 2003. He is the co-founder of the non-profit organization Hand in Hand.", "Q33935": "Tel Aviv-Yafo (Hebrew: \u05ea\u05b5\u05bc\u05dc\u05be\u05d0\u05b8\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u05d1\u2013\u05d9\u05b8\u05e4\u05d5\u05b9 \u2013 Tel Aviv-Yafo [tel a\u02c8viv \u02c8jafo]; Arabic: \u062a\u064e\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0628 - \u064a\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064e\u0627\u200e \u2013 Tall \u02beAb\u012bb - Y\u0101f\u0101), often referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the Gush Dan metropolitan area of Israel. Located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline and with a population of 451,523, it is the economic and technological center of the country. If East Jerusalem is considered part of Israel, Tel Aviv is the country's second most populous city after Jerusalem; if not, Tel Aviv is the most populous city before West Jerusalem.Tel Aviv is governed by the Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality, headed by Mayor Ron Huldai, and is home to many foreign embassies. It is a global city and is ranked 25th in the Global Financial Centres Index. Tel Aviv has the third- or fourth-largest economy and the largest economy per capita in the Middle East. The city has the 31st highest cost of living in the world. Tel Aviv receives over 2.5 million international visitors annually. A \"party capital\" in the Middle East, it has a lively nightlife and 24-hour culture. Tel Aviv has been called The World's Vegan Food Capital, as it possesses the highest per capita population of vegans in the world, with many vegan eateries throughout the city. Tel Aviv is home to Tel Aviv University, the largest university in the country with more than 30,000 students.\nThe city was founded in 1909 by the Yishuv (Jewish residents) as a modern housing estate on the outskirts of the ancient port city of Jaffa, then part of the Jerusalem province of Ottoman Syria. It was at first called 'Ahuzat Bayit' (lit. \"House Estate\" or \"Homestead\"), the name of the association which established the neighbourhood, a name changed the following year to 'Tel Aviv'. Its name means \"Tell of Spring\", symbolising both ancient legacy and renewal. Other Jewish suburbs of Jaffa established outside Jaffa's Old City even before Tel Aviv, eventually became part of Tel Aviv, the oldest among them being Neve Tzedek (est. 1886).Immigration by mostly Jewish refugees meant that the growth of Tel Aviv soon outpaced that of Jaffa, which had a majority Arab population at the time. Tel Aviv and Jaffa were later merged into a single municipality in 1950, two years after the Israeli Declaration of Independence, which was proclaimed in the city. Tel Aviv's White City, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003, comprises the world's largest concentration of International Style buildings, including Bauhaus and other related modernist architectural styles.", "Q555117": "Franco Fabrizi (15 February 1916, in Cortemaggiore \u2013 18 October 1995) was an Italian actor.", "Q1352632": "The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) is a division of Johns Hopkins University based in Washington, D.C., United States, with campuses in Bologna, Italy, and Nanjing, China. It is considered one of the top graduate schools for international relations in the world. The institution is devoted to the study of international affairs, economics, diplomacy, and policy research and education.Among the political scientists and economists based here are former World Bank Chief Economist Anne Krueger; and military historian and former Counselor of the United States Department of State Eliot Cohen. Its students are selected from a large pool of applicants from all parts of the world.The SAIS Washington D.C. campus is located on Massachusetts Avenue NW's Embassy Row, just off Dupont Circle and across from the Brookings Institution and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and next to the Center for Global Development and the Peterson Institute. The school has hosted world leaders on a regular basis for public debate in international affairs.", "Q75960": "Caroline von Wolzogen, born Caroline von Lengefeld (3 February 1763, Rudolstadt \u2013 11 January 1847, Jena), was a German writer in the Weimar Classicism circle. Her best-known works are a novel, Agnes von Lilien, and a biography of Friedrich Schiller, her brother-in-law.\n\n", "Q212775": "The Last Emperor (Italian: L'ultimo imperatore) is a 1987 epic biographical drama film, directed by Bernardo Bertolucci, about the life of Puyi, the last Emperor of China, whose autobiography was the basis for the screenplay written by Bertolucci and Mark Peploe. Independently produced by Jeremy Thomas, it was directed by Bertolucci and released in 1987 by Columbia Pictures. Puyi's life is depicted from his ascent to the throne as a small boy to his imprisonment and political rehabilitation by the Communist Party of China.\nThe film stars John Lone as Puyi, with Joan Chen, Peter O'Toole, Ruocheng Ying, Victor Wong, Dennis Dun, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Maggie Han, Ric Young, Vivian Wu, and Chen Kaige. It was the first Western feature film authorized by the People's Republic of China to film in the Forbidden City in Beijing. It won 9 Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, at the 60th iteration of the event.", "Q128323": "Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago. The island lies 11 km (6.8 mi) off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is often referred to as the southernmost island in the Caribbean. With an area of 4,768 km2 (1,841 sq mi), it is also the fifth largest in the West Indies.", "Q94234": "Pieter Enne\u00fcs Heerma (born 5 August 1977, Amsterdam) is a Dutch politician. As a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) he has been a member of the House of Representatives since 20 September 2012.\nHe was CDA campaign leader for the general election of 2012. Previously he was press spokesman of the CDA fraction.\nHeerma was elected parliamentary leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal in the House of Representatives on 21 May 2019, following the nomination of Sybrand van Haersma Buma as Mayor of Leeuwarden.Heerma is married, has one son and lives in Purmerend. He is the son of the late CDA leader Enne\u00fcs Heerma.", "Q124519": "Erika Burkart (8 February 1922, Aarau \u2013 14 April 2010) was a Swiss writer and poet. She was the recipient of many awards, among them the Conrad-Ferdinand-Meyer-Preis, the Gottfried-Keller-Preis, the Joseph-Breitbach-Preis, and the Wolfgang-Amadeus-Mozart-Preis.\nShe was born in Aarau in 1922 and died in Muri in 2010. Erika Burkart's literary estate is archived in the Swiss Literary Archives in Bern.", "Q26486": "Ladislaus I or Ladislas I, also Saint Ladislaus or Saint Ladislas (Hungarian: Szent L\u00e1szl\u00f3; Croatian: Ladislav I.;Slovak: Sv\u00e4t\u00fd Ladislav; Polish: W\u0142adys\u0142aw I \u015awi\u0119ty; c. 1040 \u2013 29 July 1095) was King of Hungary from 1077 and King of Croatia from 1091. He was the second son of King B\u00e9la I of Hungary. After B\u00e9la's death in 1063, Ladislaus and his elder brother, G\u00e9za, acknowledged their cousin, Solomon as the lawful king in exchange for receiving their father's former duchy, which included one-third of the kingdom. They cooperated with Solomon for the next decade. Ladislaus's most popular legend, which narrates his fight with a \"Cuman\" (a Turkic nomad marauder) who abducted a Hungarian girl, is connected to this period. The brothers' relationship with Solomon deteriorated in the early 1070s, and they rebelled against him. G\u00e9za was proclaimed king in 1074, but Solomon maintained control of the western regions of his kingdom. During G\u00e9za's reign, Ladislaus was his brother's most influential adviser.\nG\u00e9za died in 1077, and his supporters made Ladislaus king. Solomon resisted Ladislaus with assistance from King Henry IV of Germany. Ladislaus supported Henry IV's opponents during the Investiture Controversy. In 1081, Solomon abdicated and acknowledged Ladislaus's reign, but he conspired to regain the royal crown and Ladislaus imprisoned him. Ladislaus canonized the first Hungarian saints (including his distant relatives, King Stephen I and Duke Emeric) in 1085. He set Solomon free during the canonization ceremony.\nAfter a series of civil wars, Ladislaus's main focus was the restoration of public safety. He introduced severe legislation, punishing those who violated property rights with death or mutilation. He occupied almost all Croatia in 1091, which marked the beginning of an expansion period for the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. Ladislaus's victories over the Pechenegs and Cumans ensured the security of his kingdom's eastern borders for about 150 years. His relationship with the Holy See deteriorated during the last years of his reign, as the popes claimed that Croatia was their fief, but Ladislaus denied their claims.\nLadislaus was canonized on 27 June 1192 by Pope Celestine III. Legends depict him as a pious knight-king, \"the incarnation of the late-medieval Hungarian ideal of chivalry.\" He is a popular saint in Hungary and neighboring nations, where many churches are dedicated to him.", "Q61915": "R\u00fcdiger Safranski (born January 1, 1945) is a German philosopher and author.", "Q344241": "\u0130smet \u00d6zel (born 19 September 1944, in Kayseri) is a Turkish poet and scholar.", "Q622441": "The Liberal Party was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom with the opposing Conservative Party in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free trade-supporting Peelites and the reformist Radicals in the 1850s. By the end of the 19th century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite being divided over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to government in 1905 and then won a landslide victory in the following year's general election.\nUnder prime ministers Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (1905\u20131908) and H. H. Asquith (1908\u20131916), the Liberal Party passed the welfare reforms that created a basic British welfare state. Although Asquith was the party's leader, its dominant figure was David Lloyd George. Asquith was overwhelmed by the wartime role of coalition prime minister and Lloyd George replaced him as prime minister in late 1916, but Asquith remained as Liberal Party leader. The pair fought for years over control of the party, badly weakening it in the process. In The Oxford Companion to British History, historian Martin Pugh argues:\n\nLloyd George made a greater impact on British public life than any other 20th-century leader, thanks to his pre-war introduction of Britain's social welfare system (especially medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and old-age pensions, largely paid for by taxes on high incomes and on the land). Furthermore, in foreign affairs, he played a leading role in winning the First World War, redrawing the map of Europe at the peace conference, and partitioning Ireland.\nThe government of Lloyd George was dominated by the Conservative Party, which finally deposed him in 1922. By the end of the 1920s, the Labour Party had replaced the Liberals as the Conservatives' main rival. The Liberal Party went into decline after 1918 and by the 1950s won no more than six seats at general elections. Apart from notable by-election victories, its fortunes did not improve significantly until it formed the SDP\u2013Liberal Alliance with the newly formed Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. At the 1983 general election, the Alliance won over a quarter of the vote, but only 23 of the 650 seats it contested. At the 1987 general election, its share of the vote fell below 23% and the Liberals and Social Democratic Party merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. A splinter group reconstituted the Liberal Party in 1989. \nProminent intellectuals associated with the Liberal Party include the philosopher John Stuart Mill, the economist John Maynard Keynes and social planner William Beveridge.\n\n", "Q173441": "Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi al-Hasani as-Sabti, or simply al-Idrisi (Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a\u200e; Latin: Dreses; 1100 \u2013 1165), was a Moroccan Arab Muslim geographer, cartographer and egyptologist who for some time lived in Palermo, Sicily at the court of King Roger II. Muhammed al-Idrisi was born in Ceuta then belonging to the Almoravids. He created the Tabula Rogeriana, one of the most advanced medieval world maps, used by explorers like Christopher Columbus and Vasco Da Gama for their discoveries and voyages.", "Q779451": "Vladislav Delay is the most frequently used pseudonym of Sasu Ripatti (born 1976), a Finnish electronic musician. He has also recorded as Luomo, Sistol, Uusitalo, Conoco, and Ripatti, working in styles such as minimal techno, glitch, and house.", "Q444768": "Kaarina Goldberg (born January 28, 1956) is a Finnish author and journalist who lives in Vienna. She is best known for her children's books Petokyl\u00e4n Ilona Ilves, R\u00e4m\u00e4p\u00e4inen robotti and her comic strip Senni ja Safira in the Finnish newspaper El\u00e4kel\u00e4iset. She is also a columnist for the Finnish gastronomy magazine Teema Nova.\nIn August 2010, her Senni ja Safira-comic strips were released as a book by the Finnish publishing house Karisto, representing the first comic-related publication in the company's history so far.", "Q325873": "Gerald Lehner (born November 12, 1963) is an Austrian journalist and author.\nBorn in Bad Gastein, Lehner studied political science in Salzburg. Since 1986 he has been working for ORF (Austrian broadcasting service). He wrote articles for the magazines Profil, Die Zeit and Der Spiegel, as well as for the daily newspaper Der Standard. He has reported from Kurdistan, the Himalayas and the Siberian Arctic.\nHe realized his passion as an alpinist while a technician and teacher for the development aid organization \"\u00d6ko Himal\" in Nepal.", "Q530943": "Igor Yakovlevich Stechkin (Russian: \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438\u043d; 1922\u20132001) was a Russian small arms designer.", "Q1660305": "Imperial Records is an American record company and label started in 1947 by Lew Chudd. The label was reactivated in 2006 by EMI, which owned the label and back catalogue at the time. Imperial is owned by Universal Music Group.", "Q59534": "Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner. It stars Charlton Heston, Roddy McDowall, Kim Hunter, Maurice Evans, James Whitmore, James Daly and Linda Harrison. The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Plan\u00e8te des Singes by Pierre Boulle. Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score. It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973, all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox.The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-lands on a strange planet in the distant future. Although the planet appears desolate at first, the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech. The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins.\nThe script, originally written by Serling, underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began. Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached, but the film's producer Arthur P. Jacobs, upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston, chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film. Schaffner's changes included an ape society less advanced\u2014and therefore less expensive to depict\u2014than that of the original novel. Filming took place between May 21 and August 10, 1967, in California, Utah and Arizona, with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. The film's final \"closed\" cost was $5.8 million.\nThe film was released in the United States on February 8, 1968, and was a commercial success, earning a lifetime domestic gross of $32.6 million. The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences, launching a film franchise, including four sequels, as well as a short-lived television show, animated series, comic books, and various merchandising. In particular, Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series, appearing in four of the original five films (absent, from the second film of the series, Beneath the Planet of the Apes, in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius), and also in the television series.\nThe original series was followed by Tim Burton's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot series begun by Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011. Also in 2001, Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q2379681": "The Naval Cadet Corps (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441), occasionally translated as the Marine Cadet Corps or the Sea Cadet Corps, is an educational establishment for educating Naval officers for commissioning in the Russian Navy in Saint Petersburg. \nIt is the oldest existing institution of higher learning in Russia.", "Q10652": "Alexander Elliot Anderson Salmond (; born 31 December 1954) is a Scottish politician who served as the First Minister of Scotland from 2007 to 2014. He was the leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP) for over 20 years, serving two terms, from 1990 to 2000 and from 2004 to 2014. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Banff and Buchan between 1987 and 2010, when he stood down to focus on his other roles, and then for Gordon from 2015 to 2017, when he lost his seat to Scottish Conservative candidate Colin Clark. During the 2015\u20132017 parliament, he was the SNP International Affairs and Europe spokesperson in the House of Commons.\nFrom 1987 to 2010, Salmond served as MP for Banff and Buchan. Following the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999, Salmond also served as the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Banff and Buchan from 1999 to 2001, continuing to serve as that constituency's MP. Salmond served as the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Gordon from 2007 to 2011, and for Aberdeenshire East from 2011 to 2016.\nSalmond resigned as SNP leader in 2000 and did not seek re-election to the Scottish Parliament. He retained his Westminster seat in the 2001 general election. Salmond was again elected SNP leader in 2004 and the following year held his Banff and Buchan seat in the 2005 general election. In 2006 he announced his intention to contest Gordon in the 2007 Scottish Parliament election. Salmond defeated the incumbent MSP and the SNP emerged as the largest single party. After the SNP secured confidence and supply support from the Scottish Green Party, Salmond was voted First Minister by the Scottish Parliament on 16 May 2007. During his first term, he headed a minority Scottish Government. At the 2011 Scottish Parliament election the SNP won with an overall majority, a feat previously thought almost impossible under the additional member system used in elections for the Scottish Parliament.\nPolitically, Salmond was one of the foremost proponents of Scottish independence, repeatedly calling for a referendum on the issue. Salmond has campaigned on global warming and in government committed Scotland to legislation on emission reduction and the generation of renewable energy. The day after the 2014 independence referendum, at which a majority of Scottish voters rejected independence from the United Kingdom, Salmond announced his intention not to stand for re-election as leader of the SNP at the SNP National Conference in November, and to resign as First Minister thereafter. He was succeeded as SNP leader by his deputy, Nicola Sturgeon, the only candidate to stand in the leadership election. He submitted his resignation as First Minister on 18 November, and was succeeded by Sturgeon the following day.In August 2018, Salmond resigned from the party to fight allegations of sexual misconduct which he denied. He was charged with 14 offences, including attempted rape and sexual assault, in January 2019, but after trial in March 2020, was acquitted of all charges.", "Q82330": "Brian Earl Thompson (born August 28, 1959) is an American actor. Thompson has worked in the action adventure and science fiction genres where his stature and unique appearance often lends him to imposing roles, although he has earned many comedic parts as well. His career began with a small role in the 1984 film The Terminator. His second feature was the hit comedy The Three Amigos. He played the villainous \"Night Slasher\" in the 1986 film Cobra. His first named role was on Werewolf, a horror series that ran during Fox's inaugural broadcasting year of 1987\u20131988. Thompson has played several characters in the Star Trek franchise, the Alien Bounty Hunter on The X-Files, and Eddie Fiori on Kindred: The Embraced. In 2014, he produced, wrote and starred in the B movie parody The Extendables.", "Q285409": "Margaret Cassidy Lawson (born August 12, 1980) is an American actress who is best known for her role as Detective Juliet \"Jules\" O'Hara in the TV show Psych.\nFrom 2018 to 2019, she held the recurring role of Nathalie Flynn on Fox's Lethal Weapon's third and final season.", "Q1280760": "Wardell Edwin Bond (April 9, 1903 \u2013 November 5, 1960) was an American film character actor who appeared in more than 200 films and in the NBC television series Wagon Train from 1957 to 1960. Among his best-remembered roles are Bert, the cop, in Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life (1946) and Captain Clayton in John Ford's The Searchers (1956).", "Q77811": "Franz Reinhold Schwede (5 March 1888 \u2013 19 October 1960) was a Nazi German politician, Lord Mayor of Coburg and Gauleiter of Pomerania. An early supporter of Adolf Hitler in Coburg, Schwede used intimidation and propaganda to help elect the first Nazi-majority local government in Germany. This contributed to a personality cult surrounding Schwede and he became known as \"Franz Schwede-Coburg\". During World War II he ordered secret executions of the infirm and mass deportations of Jews. He also played a key role in abandoning the Pomeranian civilian population to the advancing Red Army, while escaping their fate himself. In 1945 he was captured by the British Army and in 1948 he was tried and convicted of war crimes.", "Q716928": "Diamond D (born Joseph Kirkland; April 5, 1968) is an American hip hop producer and MC from the Bronx, New York City, United States, and one of the founding members of the Diggin' in the Crates Crew (D.I.T.C.)", "Q207378": "A big band is a type of musical ensemble of jazz music that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. Big bands originated during the early 1910s and dominated jazz in the early 1940s when swing was most popular. The term \"big band\" is also used to describe a genre of music, although this was not the only style of music played by big bands.\nBig bands started as accompaniment for dancing. In contrast to the typical jazz emphasis on improvisation, big bands relied on written compositions and arrangements. They gave a greater role to bandleaders, arrangers, and sections of instruments rather than soloists.", "Q123510": "Karl D\u00f6hler (born April 4, 1956) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He is a representative of Wunsiedel District in the Landtag of Bavaria.\n\n", "Q507651": "Nikolay Ivanovich Gretsch (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0447; 1787\u20131867) was a leading Russian grammarian of the 19th century. Although he was primarily interested in philology, it is as a journalist that he is primarily remembered.\nGretsch came from a noble Baltic German family. Peter Clodt von J\u00fcrgensburg was his wife's nephew. He attended the Imperial School of Jurisprudence and travelled widely in Europe, producing no less than five volumes of travel writings as well as several novels. His memoirs were published in 1886.\n\nAt the time of Napoleon's invasion of Russia Gretsch started publishing The Son of the Fatherland, a periodical that expressed liberal views that had much in common with those of the Decembrists. During Nicholas I's reactionary reign he crossed over to the conservative camp and joined forces with Faddei Bulgarin in feuding with Pushkin's circle. \nGretch and Bulgarin were the editors of Northern Bee, a popular political and literary newspaper that championed the Official Nationality theory. According to Nicholas V. Riasanovsky, the newspaper \"strikes a modern reader as deficient in interpretation, weak intellectually, and devoted almost entirely to factual, quasi-official summaries of events\".", "Q12404547": "The Jewish Cemetery on the Mount of Olives, including the Silwan necropolis, is the most ancient and most important Jewish cemetery in Jerusalem. Burial on the Mount of Olives started some 3,000 years ago in the days of the First Temple, and continues to this day. The cemetery contains anywhere between 70,000 and 150,000 tombs from various periods, including the tombs of famous figures in Jewish history.", "Q2340000": "Augustus Chapman Allen (July 4, 1806 \u2013 January 11, 1864), along with his younger brother, John Kirby Allen, founded the City of Houston in the U.S. state of Texas. He was born on July 4, 1806, in Canaseraga Village, New York (the present day hamlet of Sullivan in the Town of Sullivan, New York), to Sarah (Chapman) and Roland Allen.", "Q4072": "G\u00f6ppingen is a town in southern Germany, part of the Stuttgart Region of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. It is the capital of the district G\u00f6ppingen. G\u00f6ppingen is home to the toy company M\u00e4rklin, and it is the birthplace of football player J\u00fcrgen Klinsmann.", "Q164883": "Initial D (Japanese: \u982d\u6587\u5b57D\uff08\u30a4\u30cb\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30fb\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\uff09, Hepburn: Inisharu D\u012b) is a Japanese street racing manga series written and illustrated by Shuichi Shigeno. It was serialized in Weekly Young Magazine from 1995 to 2013, with the chapters collected into 48 tank\u014dbon volumes by Kodansha. The story focuses on the world of illegal Japanese street racing, where all the action is concentrated in the mountain passes and rarely in cities or urban areas, and with the drifting racing style emphasized in particular. Professional race car driver and pioneer of drifting Keiichi Tsuchiya helped with editorial supervision. The story is centered on the prefecture of Gunma, more specifically on several mountains in the Kant\u014d region and in their surrounding cities and towns. Although some of the names of the locations the characters race in have been fictionalized, all of the locations in the series are based on actual locations in Japan.\nInitial D has been adapted into several anime television and original video animations series by OB Studio Comet, Studio Gallop, Pastel, A.C.G.T and SynergySP. A live action film by Avex and Media Asia was released in 2005. Both the manga and anime series were initially licensed for English-language distribution in North America by Tokyopop (2002\u20132009), however, the anime license has since been picked up by Funimation, while the manga was relicensed by Kodansha USA in 2019.", "Q239296": "Eragon is a 2006 British-American action-fantasy film directed by Stefen Fangmeier (in his directorial debut) and written by Peter Buchman, based on Christopher Paolini\u2019s 2002 novel of the same name. The film stars Ed Speleers in the title role as well as Jeremy Irons, Sienna Guillory, Robert Carlyle, Djimon Hounsou, Garrett Hedlund, Joss Stone and John Malkovich, with Rachel Weisz as the voice of Saphira the dragon.\nPrincipal photography took place at the Mafilm F\u00f3t Studios in Hungary, starting on August 1, 2005. Visual effects and animation were by Weta Digital and Industrial Light & Magic. Eragon was released worldwide between December 13, 2006 and December 15, 2006 by 20th Century Fox. The film received widespread negative reviews from critics and book fans, who criticized its acting, screenplay and visuals, though its CGI and the performances of Speleers and Irons were praised. It was the 10th worst reviewed film of 2006 on Rotten Tomatoes, but the 31st highest-grossing film of 2006 in the US. The film was released for home entertainment on March 20, 2007. It is notable for being the last film to be released on VHS in the United States. Originally, Eragon was supposed to be the first in a franchise based on Paolini's Inheritance Cycle book series with Fangmeirer shooting both Eldest and Brisingr back-to-back. However, following the poor reception of Eragon on its release, the planned franchise was cancelled.", "Q2972674": "The Cimeti\u00e8re parisien de Pantin (sometimes known as cimeti\u00e8re parisien de Pantin-Bobigny) is one of the three Parisien cemeteries extra muros, located in the commune of Pantin which is in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, in the \u00cele-de-France region.", "Q98368": "Kurt Malangr\u00e9 (18 September 1934 \u2013 4 October 2018) was a German politician from Aachen, belonging to the CDU.\nMalangr\u00e9 started his political career in November 1969 when he became a member of Aachen's city council. In 1972 he was elected Mayor of Aachen, and from 1973\u20131989 he served as Lord Mayor. From 1979 to 1999 he was also Member of the European Parliament.Malangr\u00e9 was a supernumerary member of Opus Dei. For his dedication for the good of the city and its citizens he was appointed honorary citizen of Aachen in 2004.\nMalangr\u00e9 died on October 4, 2018 at the age of 84.", "Q108795": "Gerd Greune (15 March 1949 in Hannover \u2013 24 August 2012 in Hamburg Germany) was the president of the Institute for International Assistance and Solidarity (IFIAS).He graduated as a teacher but discovered politics very early. The right to conscientious objection was his first political issue, developing into a general involvement in the German and international Peace movement and campaigning against the stationing of nuclear weapons in Europe and nuclear arms in general. From 1986 to 1997 he worked as a political adviser to the Executive Board of the Social-Democratic Party of Germany. He founded the IFIAS Brussels in 1997.\nHis interests were particularly Human Rights, Freedom of Media, anti-militarisation and conflict resolution. As President of IFIAS, he represented the organisation and was responsible, together with the Board, for the general directions of IFIAS projects. He worked as adviser on European projects in Bonn and Brussels.\nGerd Greune had five children.", "Q1304312": "Leonard \"Lenny\" Hart (September 19, 1919 \u2013 February 2, 1975) was a drummer who owned and operated Hart Music, selling drums and musical instruments in San Carlos, California. He was the father of Mickey Hart, one of the percussionists for the Grateful Dead. Lenny Hart was also the Grateful Dead's original money manager. In March, 1970, he disappeared along with approximately US$155,000 of the group's profits.Hart was located by a private detective and arrested in San Diego on July 26, 1971, while baptizing people and using the name \"Rev. Lenny B. Hart\". He was convicted of criminal embezzlement and sentenced to six months in jail.The Grateful Dead song \"He's Gone\" is based on Lenny Hart's embezzlement of band money and subsequent disappearance. As a result of the fiasco, Mickey Hart, feeling ashamed of his father's actions, left the band in February 1971, not returning to the group on a full-time basis until 1974.Lenny Hart died of natural causes on February 2, 1975. He had been teaching music in Mill Valley since his release from prison. According to Dennis McNally, \"Mickey went to the funeral home, cleared the room, took out the snakewood sticks that had been his inheritance, played a traditional rudimental drum piece, \"The Downfall of Paris\" on Lenny's coffin, and split.\"", "Q712596": "Daniel Silva (born 1960) is a best-selling American author of 21 thriller and espionage novels.", "Q171530": "Patrick Maurice Benguigui (French: [b\u025bn\u0261i\u0261i]; born 14 May 1959), better known by his stage name Patrick Bruel ([pat\u0281ik b\u0281y\u025bl]), is a French singer-songwriter, actor and professional poker player.", "Q350552": "K\u00e1lm\u00e1n Miksz\u00e1th de Kiscsolt\u00f3 (16 January 1847 \u2013 28 May 1910) was a widely reputed Hungarian novelist, journalist, and politician. His work remains in print in Hungarian and still appears sporadically in other languages.", "Q89265": "Gina Kaus (born Regina Wiener; 21 October 1893, Vienna, Austria \u2013 23 December 1985, Los Angeles, California) was an Austrian-American novelist and screenwriter.", "Q296313": "Harold Adrian Russell \"Kim\" Philby (1 January 1912 \u2013 11 May 1988) was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. In 1963, he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which passed information to the Soviet Union during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist and covered the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. In 1940, he began working for MI6. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member of the British intelligence service. In 1949, Philby was appointed first secretary to the British Embassy in Washington and served as chief British liaison with American intelligence agencies. During his career as an intelligence officer, he passed large amounts of intelligence to the Soviet Union, including an Anglo-American plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania. He was also responsible for tipping off two other spies under suspicion of espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. \nThe defections of Maclean and Burgess cast suspicion over Philby, resulting in his resignation from MI6 in July 1951. He was publicly exonerated in 1955, after which he resumed his career in journalism in Beirut. In January 1963, having finally been unmasked as a Soviet agent, Philby defected to Moscow, where he lived out his life until his death in 1988.", "Q666565": "Also known as Friedhof Fluntern, Fluntern Cemetery is located in the Z\u00fcrichberg district of Z\u00fcrich.", "Q1344736": "Entertainment One Ltd., also known as eOne, is a Canadian multinational entertainment company and a subsidiary of American toy manufacturer Hasbro. Based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the company is primarily involved in the acquisition, distribution, and production of films, music, and television series. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Hasbro in December 2019.", "Q168061": "Isaac Leffler (November 7, 1788 \u2013 March 8, 1866), sometimes spelled Lefler or Loeffler, was an American lawyer who represented Virginia's 18th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives for one term in the 1820s; and served in the legislatures of the Commonwealth of Virginia and of the Wisconsin and Iowa Territories. He was the older brother of Iowa U.S. Representative Shepherd Leffler, who served in Congress twenty years later.\n\n", "Q23298": "Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north-west, Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west. The county also shares borders with Essex along the estuary of the River Thames (connected by land via High Speed 1 and the Dartford Crossing), and with the French department of Pas-de-Calais through the Channel Tunnel. The county town is Maidstone.\nKent was among the first British territories conquered and settled by Anglo-Saxons. Canterbury Cathedral in Kent has been the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury, leader of the Church of England, since the Reformation. Prior to that it was built by Catholics, dating back to the conversion of England to Catholicism by Saint Augustine that began in the 6th century. Before the English Reformation the cathedral was part of a Benedictine monastic community known as Christ Church, Canterbury, as well as being the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury. The last Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury was Reginald Pole. Rochester Cathedral is also in Kent, in Medway. It is the second-oldest cathedral in England, with Canterbury Cathedral being the oldest. Between London and the Strait of Dover, which separates it from mainland Europe, Kent has seen both diplomacy and conflict, ranging from the Leeds Castle peace talks of 1978 and 2004 to the Battle of Britain in World War II.\nEngland relied on the county's ports to provide warships through much of its history; the Cinque Ports in the 12th\u201314th centuries and Chatham Dockyard in the 16th\u201320th centuries were of particular importance. France can be seen clearly in fine weather from Folkestone and the White Cliffs of Dover. Hills in the form of the North Downs and the Greensand Ridge span the length of the county and in the series of valleys in between and to the south are most of the county's 26 castles.\nBecause of its relative abundance of fruit-growing and hop gardens, Kent is known as 'The Garden of England'.Kent's economy is greatly diversified; haulage, logistics, and tourism are major industries. In northwest Kent industries include extraction of aggregate building materials, printing and scientific research. Coal mining has also played its part in Kent's industrial heritage. Large parts of Kent are within the London commuter belt and its strong transport connections to the capital and the nearby continent make Kent a high-income county. Twenty-eight per cent of the county forms part of two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty: the North Downs and The High Weald.", "Q1998925": "Turki I bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e, Turk\u012b l-\u02beAwwal bin \u02bfAbd al-\u02bfAz\u012bz \u0100l Sa\u02bf\u016bd) (1900\u20131919) was the eldest son of Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia. His full siblings were King Saud, Prince Khalid (1903-1909), Prince Fahd (d.1919), and Princess Munira. He accompanied his father during the conquest of the Arabian Peninsula at a young age, and witnessed battles in Kuwait and al-Hasa. He was married to Nuwair. In 1918 he had a son named Faisal. He died in 1919 in the 1918-1920 flu pandemic, which also killed many others in the region, including his half-brother Saad (I), who was the younger full-brother of King Faisal and his younger full-brother Prince Fahd (I).", "Q99076": "Christian Gottfried Sch\u00fctz (19 May 1747 \u2013 7 May 1832) was a German classical scholar and humanist, known for his contributions in philosophy and philology, and for his work as an academic and literary editor and publisher.", "Q359210": "Rupert William Penry-Jones (born 22 September 1970) is a British actor, known for his performances as Adam Carter in Spooks, Clive Reader in Silk, DI Joseph Chandler in Whitechapel, and Mr Quinlan in the American horror series The Strain.", "Q3015390": "Onimasa (\u9b3c\u9f8d\u9662\u82b1\u5b50\u306e\u751f\u6daf, Kiry\u016bin hanako no sh\u014dgai) is a 1982 Japanese film directed by Hideo Gosha. It was Japan's submission to the 55th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "Q105299": "Hartmut Neugebauer (September 2, 1942 \u2013 June 22, 2017) was a German actor, voice actor and dialogue director.He was the German dub-over voice of actors Gene Hackman, John Goodman, and Robbie Coltrane. He was the father of the late voice actress Veronika Neugebauer (1968-2009).", "Q174460": "V.I. Warshawski is a 1991 film directed by Jeff Kanew and starring Kathleen Turner.", "Q285421": "The Four Days of Naples (Italian: Le quattro giornate di Napoli) is a 1962 Italian film, directed by Nanni Loy and set during the uprising which gives its name. It stars Regina Bianchi, Aldo Giuffr\u00e8, Lea Massari, Jean Sorel, Franco Sportelli, Charles Belmont, Gian Maria Volont\u00e9 and Frank Wolff.\nThe film won the Nastro d'Argento for Best Director, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and Writing Original Screenplay, and a BAFTA Award for Best Film. At the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival in 1963, the film was awarded with the FIPRESCI Prize.", "Q20880888": "Kanchan Wali-Richardson (born 1990) is an American interdisciplinary visual artist who currently lives and works in Nashville, Tennessee. Her mother, Monona Wali, is an award-winning storywriter, screenwriter, and filmmaker. \nKanchan earned a full scholarship to attend The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York City, graduating with a BFA in 2012. After graduation she worked both as a professional artist and as a designer and fabricator of custom furniture.Wali-Richardson received the Fulbright Nehru grant for the field of sculpture for the 2014/2015 year and lived in Varanasi, India. During her time in Varanasi, she researched pollution near the Ganges River and created the How to Feed the Hungry Ghosts series during this time. Her maternal family is from the city, yet she was born and raised in America and subsequently felt a cultural divide between the duality of her identity. She reflects that the Hungry Ghosts series is \"a quiet meditation on the texture of these ancestral links: the texture of the city, and a rough quality of surfaces\". In 2015, she embarked on a project entitled River Sari, which she claims is a response to her time in Varanasi and a homage to the Ganges. The project consists of four handmade silk saris, with the pattern on each sari representing a different personal interaction with the mythology of the Ganges.The themes of her work primarily center around her personal relationship to the politics, religious implications, and sociality of environmental issues. She has participated in solo and group exhibitions in Los Angeles and New York.", "Q516774": "Stuart Hameroff (born July 16, 1947) is an anesthesiologist and professor at the University of Arizona known for his studies of consciousness and his controversial contention that consciousness originates from quantum states in neural microtubules. He is the lead organizer of the Science of Consciousness conference.", "Q1202039": "Royal Holloway, University of London (RHUL), formally incorporated as Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, is a public research university and a constituent college of the federal University of London. It has six schools, 21 academic departments and approximately 10,500 undergraduate and postgraduate students from over 100 countries. The campus is located west of Egham, Surrey, 19 miles (31 km) from central London.\nThe Egham campus was founded in 1879 by the Victorian entrepreneur and philanthropist Thomas Holloway. Royal Holloway College was officially opened in 1886 by Queen Victoria as an all-women college. It became a member of the University of London in 1900. In 1945, the college admitted male postgraduate students, and in 1965, around 100 of the first male undergraduates. In 1985, Royal Holloway merged with Bedford College (another former all-women's college in London). The merged college was named Royal Holloway and Bedford New College (RHBNC), this remaining the official registered name of the college by Act of Parliament. The campus is dominated by the Founder's Building, a Grade I listed red-brick building modelled on the Ch\u00e2teau de Chambord of the Loire Valley, France. The annual income of the institution for 2017\u201318 was \u00a3173.6 million of which \u00a313.9 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3169.4 million.Royal Holloway is ranked 19th (out of 134) in the UK according to The Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide 2020, who also shortlisted the institution for University of the Year 2020. It is also ranked 23rd (out of 131) in the UK by The Complete University Guide 2020, as well as being ranked in the top 300 universities in the world as published by Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2019.There are strong links and exchange programmes with institutions in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Hong Kong, notably Yale University, the University of Toronto, the University of Melbourne and the University of Hong Kong. Royal Holloway was a member of the 1994 Group until 2013, when the group dissolved.", "Q95664": "Max Michael Munk (October 22, 1890 \u2013 June 3, 1986) was a German aerospace engineer who worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in the 1920s and made contributions to the design of airfoils.", "Q4828804": "Aviem Sella (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d0\u05dd \u05e1\u05dc\u05e2\u200e, born January 7, 1946) is a former colonel in the Israeli Air Force.", "Q71290": "Wolfgang Schwanitz (born 26 June 1930) is a former East German communist official, who was the last head of the Stasi, the East German secret police. It was officially renamed the \"Office for National Security\" on 17 November 1989. Unlike his predecessor, Erich Mielke, he did not hold the title \"Minister of State Security\", but held the title of \"Leader of the Office for National Security\". Since the German reunification, he has been active as an author of works that seek to portray the Stasi in a positive light.", "Q207350": "Rehovot (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05b0\u05d7\u05d5\u05b9\u05d1\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea) is a city in the Central District of Israel, about 20 kilometers (12 miles) south of Tel Aviv. In 2018 it had a population of 141,579.\n\n", "Q77839": "Jan Zweyer (born December 12, 1953 in Frankfurt (Main))) is a German writer. Jan Zweyer is only his pen name. His real name is R\u00fcdiger Richartz.", "Q314338": "Stanislav Stanislavovich Shushkevich (Belarusian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u045e \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0456\u0447, \u0141acinka: Stanis\u0142a\u016d Stanis\u0142avavi\u010d \u0160u\u0161kievi\u010d; Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447; born December 15, 1934 in Minsk) is a Belarusian politician and scientist. From August 25, 1991 to January 26, 1994, he was the first head of state of independent Belarus after it seceded from the Soviet Union, serving as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (also called chairman of Parliament or president). He supported social democratic reforms and played a key role in the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States.\nAs a scientist, he is a corresponding member of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences, Doctor in Physics and Mathematics, recipient of various state awards, professor and the author and originator of textbooks and over 150 articles and 50 inventions.", "Q432": "Islam (; Arabic: \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0625\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064f\u200e, romanized: al-\u2019Isl\u0101m [al\u0294\u026as\u02c8la\u02d0m] (listen)) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God (Allah), and that Muhammad is a messenger of God. It is the world's second-largest religion with over 1.8 billion followers or 24.1% of the world's population, known as Muslims. Muslims make up a majority of the population in 49 countries. Islam teaches that God is merciful, all-powerful, and unique, and has guided mankind through prophets, revealed scriptures and natural signs. The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran, believed to be the verbatim word of God, and the teachings and normative examples (called the sunnah, composed of accounts called hadith) of Muhammad (c. 570 \u2013 8 June 632 CE).Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam, Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran in its Arabic to be the unaltered and final revelation of God. Like other Abrahamic religions, Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded in paradise and unrighteous punished in hell. Religious concepts and practices include the Five Pillars of Islam, which are obligatory acts of worship, as well as following Islamic law (sharia), which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society, from banking and welfare to women and the environment. The cities of Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem are home to the three holiest sites in Islam.Aside from the theological narrative, Islam is historically believed to have originated in the early 7th century CE in Mecca, and by the 8th century the Umayyad Caliphate extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the east. The Islamic Golden Age refers to the period traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century, during the Abbasid Caliphate, when much of the historically Muslim world was experiencing a scientific, economic and cultural flourishing. The expansion of the Muslim world involved various caliphates and states such as the Ottoman Empire, trade and conversion to Islam by missionary activities (dawah).Most Muslims are of one of two denominations; Sunni (75\u201390%) or Shia (10\u201320%). About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim-majority country; 31% live in South Asia, the largest population of Muslims in the world; 20% in the Middle East\u2013North Africa region, where it is the dominant religion; and 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa. Muslims are the majority in Central Asia, and are also widespread in the Caucasus, and Southeast Asia. India is the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries. Sizeable Muslim communities can also be found in the Americas, China, Europe, and Russia. Islam is the fastest-growing major religion in the world.", "Q123538": "Peider Lansel (August 15, 1863 \u2013 December 8, 1943) was a Swiss Romansh lyric poet. He is most known for having revived Rhaeto-Romansh as a literary language. His family was from Sent, Switzerland, (although he was born in Pisa) and worked as a merchant, as well as being a poet.", "Q1074103": "The University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) is a national research university in Hefei, Anhui, China, under the direct leadership of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). It is a member of the C9 League, China's equivalent of the Ivy League. It is also a Chinese Ministry of Education Class A Double First Class University.\nFounded in Beijing by the CAS in September 1958, it was moved to Hefei in the beginning of 1970 during the Cultural Revolution.USTC was founded with the mission of addressing urgent needs to improve China's economy, defense infrastructure, and science and technology education. Its core strength is scientific and technological research, and more recently has expanded into humanities and management with a strong scientific and engineering emphasis. USTC has 12 schools, 30 departments, the Special Class for the Gifted Young, the Experimental Class for Teaching Reform, Graduate Schools (Hefei, Shanghai, Suzhou), a Software School, a School of Network Education, and a School of Continuing Education. In 2012 the Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China was founded.", "Q1170417": "Richard Alan Nielsen (born December 22, 1948) is the lead guitarist, backing vocalist, and primary songwriter of American rock band Cheap Trick. He is well known for his numerous custom-made guitars from Hamer Guitars, including his famous five-neck guitar.", "Q435807": "Taylor Mon\u00e9t Parks (born September 16, 1993), known professionally as Tayla Parx, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. In 2018, Parks was credited as a co-writer on three Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles; \"Love Lies\" by Khalid and Normani, \"Thank U, Next\" by Ariana Grande, and \"High Hopes\" by Panic! at the Disco.\nTayla played the role of Little Inez in the 2007 musical movie Hairspray. She has also appeared in the television series Gilmore Girls, Everybody Hates Chris, Carpoolers, Bones, Victorious, and had a recurring role in the Nickelodeon sitcom True Jackson, VP starring Keke Palmer. \nParks is also a personal friend of Palmer's.Parks lives in Los Angeles. She has contributed to albums by Ariana Grande, Khalid, Jennifer Lopez, BTS, Jason Derulo, Pentatonix, Mariah Carey, The Internet, Camila Cabello, Fifth Harmony, and Chris Brown (featured on the track \"Anyway\" from his Royalty album). She has written with various artists/producers including Demi Lovato, Kenny \"Babyface\" Edmonds, LeAnn Rimes, DJ Mustard, Christina Aguilera, Usher, Rihanna, Nicki Minaj, Normani, Tyler Hubbard (of Florida Georgia Line), and Meghan Trainor. Parks has also written hits for K-pop artists BTS, Red Velvet, f(x) and Tao. She also voices one of the characters for the Sims Olympus game (Electronic Arts). Parks was signed as a songwriter by Jon Platt at Warner Chappell Publishing at age 19.", "Q782813": "Ernest Cook Poole (January 23, 1880 \u2013 January 10, 1950) was an American journalist, novelist, and playwright. Poole is best remembered for his sympathetic first-hand reportage of revolutionary Russia during and immediately after the Revolution of 1905 and Revolution of 1917 and as a popular writer of proletarian-tinged fiction during the era of World War I and the 1920s.\nPoole was the winner of the first Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, awarded in 1918 for his book, His Family.", "Q162202": "Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty (born December 8, 1982), known professionally as Nicki Minaj (), is a Trinidad and Tobago-born rapper, singer, and songwriter. Born in Saint James, Port of Spain, and raised in Queens, New York City, she gained public recognition after releasing the mixtapes Playtime Is Over (2007), Sucka Free (2008), and Beam Me Up Scotty (2009).\nAfter signing with Young Money Entertainment in 2009, Minaj released her first studio album, Pink Friday (2010), which peaked at number one on the US Billboard 200 and was ultimately certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Her second album, Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded, was released in 2012 and debuted at number one in several countries. Minaj made her film debut in the 2012 animated film Ice Age: Continental Drift. In 2013, she was a judge on the twelfth season of American Idol. Minaj's third studio album, The Pinkprint, was released in 2014. She subsequently played supporting roles in the films The Other Woman (2014) and Barbershop: The Next Cut (2016). Her fourth studio album, Queen, was released in 2018.\nEarly in her career, Minaj was known for her colorful costumes and wigs. Her rapping is distinctive for its fast flow and the use of alter egos and accents, primarily British cockney. Minaj was the first female artist included on MTV's annual Hottest MC List. In 2016, Minaj was included on the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. As a lead artist, she has earned multiple top-five entries on the Billboard Hot 100: \"Super Bass\" in 2011, \"Starships\" in 2012, \"Bang Bang\" and \"Anaconda\", both in 2014. She has scored additional top-ten entries as a featured artists. She has accumulated the most Billboard Hot 100 entries among women of all genres, and the most top 10 singles among women on the Billboard R&B Hip-Hop Airplay chart.Minaj has been called one of the most influential female rap artists of all time. Throughout her career, she has received numerous accolades, including six American Music Awards, 11 BET Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, four Billboard Music Awards, two Billboard Women in Music Awards, and 10 Grammy Award nominations. Minaj has sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making her one of the world's best-selling music artists.\n\n", "Q657790": "Cristina Maria Saralegui (born January 29, 1948) is a Cuban-born American journalist, television personality, actress and talk show host of the Spanish-language eponymous show, El show de Cristina.", "Q179144": "Justas Vincas Paleckis (born 1 January 1942 in Kuybyshev, current Samara) is a Lithuanian ex-communist and politician, signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania, and Member of the European Parliament for the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania. He is also a member of the Party of European Socialists. Justas was born in Samara, Russia where his family resided during the Second World War. His father, Justas Paleckis was communist and served as the unrecognised President of Lithuania and personally signed orders authorizing the mass deportation citizens to Siberia. Later, the family returned to Lithuania, where he finished school in 1959 and then went on to study journalism at Vilnius University in 1964.\nJ. Paleckis is married and has two sons and one daughter, Algirdas and Rimvydas and Justina respectively.", "Q7553": "Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between translating (a written text) and interpreting (oral or signed communication between users of different languages); under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community.\nA translator always risks inadvertently introducing source-language words, grammar, or syntax into the target-language rendering. On the other hand, such \"spill-overs\" have sometimes imported useful source-language calques and loanwords that have enriched target languages. Translators, including early translators of sacred texts, have helped shape the very languages into which they have translated.Because of the laboriousness of the translation process, since the 1940s efforts have been made, with varying degrees of success, to automate translation or to mechanically aid the human translator. More recently, the rise of the Internet has fostered a world-wide market for translation services and has facilitated \"language localization\".", "Q176277": "Peter Brett Cullen (born August 26, 1956) is an American actor who has appeared in numerous films and television series.", "Q8660": "Karachi (Urdu: \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc\u200e; Sindhi: \u06aa\u0631\u0627\u0686\u064a; ALA-LC: Kar\u0101c\u012b, IPA: [k\u0259\u02c8ra\u02d0t\u0283i] (listen)) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Sindh. It is the largest city in Pakistan, and seventh largest city proper in the world. Ranked as a beta-global city, the city is Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre, with an estimated GDP of $164 billion (PPP) as of 2019. It is also Pakistan's cultural, educational, and political hub. Karachi is Pakistan's most cosmopolitan city, its most linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse city, as well as one of Pakistan's most secular and socially liberal cities. With its location on the Arabian Sea, Karachi serves as a transport hub, and is home to Pakistan's two largest seaports, the Port of Karachi and Port Bin Qasim, as well as Pakistan's busiest airport, Jinnah International Airport.\nThough the Karachi region has been inhabited for millennia, the city was founded as the fortified village of Kolachi in 1729. The settlement drastically increased in importance with the arrival of British East India Company in the mid 19th century. The British embarked on major works to transform the city into a major seaport, and connected it with their extensive railway network. By the time of the Partition of British India, the city was the largest in Sindh with an estimated population of 400,000. Following the independence of Pakistan, the city's population increased dramatically with the arrival of hundreds of thousands of Muslim refugees from India. The city experienced rapid economic growth following independence, attracting migrants from throughout Pakistan and South Asia. Karachi's population was enumerated at 14.9 million in the 2017 census. Karachi is one of the world's fastest growing cities, and has communities representing almost every ethnic group in Pakistan. Karachi is home to over 2 million Bangladeshi immigrants, 1 million Afghan refugees, and up to 400,000 Rohingyas from Myanmar.Karachi is now Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre. The city has a formal economy estimated to be worth $164 billion as of 2019 which is the largest in Pakistan. Karachi collects over a third of Pakistan's tax revenue, and generates approximately 20% of Pakistan's GDP. Approximately 30% of Pakistani industrial output is from Karachi, while Karachi's ports handle approximately 95% of Pakistan's foreign trade. Approximately 90% of the multinational corporations operating in Pakistan are headquartered in Karachi. Karachi is considered to be Pakistan's fashion capital, and has hosted the annual Karachi Fashion Week since 2009.Known as the \"City of Lights\" in the 1960s and 1970s for its vibrant nightlife, Karachi was beset by sharp ethnic, sectarian, and political conflict in the 1980s with the arrival of weaponry during the Soviet\u2013Afghan War. The city had become well known for its high rates of violent crime, but recorded crimes sharply decreased following a controversial crackdown operation against criminals, the MQM political party, and Islamist militants initiated in 2013 by the Pakistan Rangers. As a result of the operation, Karachi went from being ranked the world's 6th most dangerous city for crime in 2014, to 93rd by early 2020.\n\n", "Q1885948": "Vladimir Pavlovich Ovchinnikov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041e\u0432\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432; born January 2, 1958) is a Russian pianist from Belebey, Bashkir ASSR. He is the only pianist ever to win the top prizes at both the International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow (1982, first prize not awarded, received a joint 2nd prize with Peter Donohoe) and the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition (1987). Artistic Director of the Association of Tchaikovsky Competition Stars since 2000.\nA graduate of the Moscow Conservatory where he studied with Aleksey Nasedkin, Vladimir Ovchinnikov is resident professor of piano at the Moscow Conservatory and guest professor of piano at Sakuyo University in Japan. He was awarded second place in the Montreal International Music Competition in 1980. In 1982, he was awarded joint second prize with Peter Donohoe in the International Tchaikovsky Competition (no first prize was awarded that year). In 1987, he was awarded first prize at the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition. In 2005, he received Russia's highest award and honor for musicians - the title \"People's Artist of Russia\", awarded by the Russian president.\nServed as a chairman and a member of the jury at the International Tchaikovsky Competition, the International Tchaikovsky Competition for Young Musicians, the International Russian Rotary Children Music Competition and many others. Was appointed as a headmaster of the Central Music School of the Moscow Conservatory in 2011.\nOvchinnikov appears regularly with such leading Russian orchestras as the Moscow Philharmonic; Moscow Radio Symphony and the St Petersburg Philharmonic; he also has a long-standing relationship with the Russian State Symphony Orchestra, and was a special favorite of Yevgeny Svetlanov, with whom he toured France, the Netherlands, North and South America.\nConcerto appearances in Europe and North America have included the following: \n\nOvchinnikov has played under various conductors including:\n\nAmong his recordings are Shostakovich's Piano Concerto No. 1 coupled with Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition (Collins Classics), Rachmaninoff's \u00c9tudes-Tableaux, and Liszt's Transcendental \u00c9tudes, and Prokofiev's Piano Sonatas (EMI). Other recordings include sonatas for violin and piano by Grieg (together with the violinist Vinnitsky) - for the Russian Seasons label, also - Liszt, Tchaikovsky, Taneyev, Rubinstein for Gold Club\n\n", "Q272917": "Cheryl Ruth Hines (born September 21, 1965) is an American actress, comedian, and director who plays the role of Larry David's wife, Cheryl, on HBO's Curb Your Enthusiasm, for which she was nominated for two Emmy Awards.\nShe also starred as Dallas Royce on the ABC sitcom Suburgatory. In 2009, she made her directorial debut with Serious Moonlight. She is also a poker enthusiast with career winnings totaling $50,000. On August 2, 2014, Hines married Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a member of the Kennedy family.", "Q1345400": "Thomas J. Peters (born November 7, 1942) is an American writer on business management practices, best known for In Search of Excellence (co-authored with Robert H. Waterman Jr).", "Q170606": "Eva de la Caridad M\u00e9ndez (; born March 5, 1974), known professionally as Eva Mendes, is an American actress, model and businesswoman. Her acting career began in the late 1990s, with a series of roles in films such as Children of the Corn V: Fields of Terror (1998) and Urban Legends: Final Cut (2000).\nMendes's performance in Training Day (2001) marked a turning point in her career and led to parts in the commercially successful films 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003) and Hitch (2005). She starred in Ghost Rider (2007) and The Spirit (2008), both film adaptations of comics, and ventured into more dramatic territory with We Own the Night (2007), Bad Lieutenant (2009), Last Night (2010), and The Place Beyond the Pines (2012). Her other films include Out of Time (2003), The Women (2008), The Other Guys (2010), and Girl in Progress (2012).\nMendes has appeared in several music videos for artists like Will Smith, and has also been an ambassador for brands, including Calvin Klein, Cartier, Reebok, Pantene shampoo, Morgan and Peek & Cloppenburg. She has designed for New York & Company and is the creative director of CIRCA Beauty, a makeup line sold at Walgreens. She has been in a relationship with Canadian actor Ryan Gosling since 2011, and they have two daughters.", "Q108965": "Araba Walton (born 4 November 1975 in Simbach am Inn, Germany) is an Afro-German actress and singer.\nShe completed a three-year course at the School of Acting, The Arts Educational Schools in London after studying theater studies in Munich, Germany.\nWalton played in several West End and Off West End productions before moving end of 2001 to Hamburg to perform in a leading role in the musical Der K\u00f6nig der L\u00f6wen (The Lion King). After two years she moved to Berlin where she is a permanent member of the Berliner Logentheater and the theatre group abok. She was a cast in Asudem the horror film by Daryush Shokof in 2006 in Berlin.\nShe was background and lead singer in several bands (1990\u20131995 Occams Razor, 2003 Eruption and RITE Spirit). In April 2008, her first album Roland Appel was released by Sonar Kollektiv.\nAraba Walton is a founding member of the SFD - Schwarze Filmschaffende in Deutschland (Black Artists in German Film) association.", "Q168049": "Zbigniew Hubert Cybulski (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8zbi\u0261\u0272\u025bf ts\u0268\u02c8bulsk\u02b2i]; 3 November 1927 \u2013 8 January 1967) was a Polish actor, one of the best-known and most popular personalities of the post-World War II history of Poland.", "Q308711": "Vladislav Petrovich Krapivin (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043d; born 14 October 1938) is a Russian children's books writer.", "Q151810": "Eduard Dzhabeyevich Kokoyty (Ossetian: \u041a\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u044b \u0414\u0436\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0439\u044b \u0444\u044b\u0440\u0442 \u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0434, Kokojty D\u017eabejy fyrt Eduard; born 31 October 1964) is the former President of partially recognized state South Ossetia. His term in office lasted just under ten years, beginning December 2001 and ending December 2011.\n\n", "Q13373": "Lucca ( LOO-k\u0259, Italian: [\u02c8lukka] (listen)) is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio, in a fertile plain near the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital of the Province of Lucca. It is famous for its intact Renaissance-era city walls.", "Q3570099": "Wrasse Records is a British record label based in Ashtead, Surrey. It was started in 1998 by Ian and Jo Ashbridge. Both had been involved in the music industry prior to them starting up their own company. Its offices are based in the UK, but it distributes its CDs all around the world. In 2005, it licensed most of Universal Music's world music releases for distribution in the United States and the UK.Wrasse Records specializes in world music, with artists such as Fela Kuti, Rachid Taha, Ismael Lo, Souad Massi, Ang\u00e9lique Kidjo, K'naan and Pink Martini.\nWrasse recording artist Seu Jorge appeared in the film The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (released November 2004), performing songs onscreen and on the official soundtrack album (released by a different label). This drew attention to Jorge and sparked sales of his coincident (September 2004) album Cru, helping to draw attention to the Wrasse label.Humphead Records is an associated label specializing in country music.", "Q310638": "George Szell (; June 7, 1897 \u2013 July 30, 1970), originally Gy\u00f6rgy Sz\u00e9ll, Gy\u00f6rgy Endre Sz\u00e9l, or Georg Szell, was a Hungarian-born American conductor and composer. He is widely considered one of the twentieth century's greatest conductors. He is remembered today for his long and successful tenure as music director of the Cleveland Orchestra of Cleveland, Ohio, and for the recordings of the standard classical repertoire he made in Cleveland and with other orchestras.\nSzell came to Cleveland in 1946 to take over a respected if undersized orchestra, which was struggling to recover from the disruptions of World War II. By the time of his death he was credited, to quote the critic Donal Henahan, with having built it into \"what many critics regarded as the world's keenest symphonic instrument.\"Through his recordings, Szell has remained a presence in the classical music world long after his death, and his name remains synonymous with that of the Cleveland Orchestra. While on tour with the Orchestra in the late 1980s, then-Music Director Christoph von Dohn\u00e1nyi remarked, \"We give a great concert, and George Szell gets a great review.\"", "Q91364": "Hermann R\u00f6chling (12 November 1872 \u2013 24 August 1955) was a German steel manufacturer in the Saar (Germany) and Lorraine (France) in the 20th century. \nHe was a paternalistic and well-liked employer, concerned about his workers' health and welfare.\nAfter World War I (1914\u201318) he was accused of the war crime of destroying French factories.\nAlthough he was acquitted, his French property was not returned, and he became deeply hostile to France.\nHe was a Pan-German nationalist and strongly antisemitic.\nAfter the accession of Adolf Hitler he became an influential member of the Nazi Party.\nDuring World War II (1939\u201345) he was made responsible for coordination of the iron and steel industry in occupied Lorraine, and later in the whole of Germany and the occupied territories.\nHe used prisoners of war for forced labor in the steel works.\nAfter the war he was tried and convicted for human rights violations, although as an old man he was released before serving his full term.", "Q53031": "Gillo Pontecorvo (Italian: [\u02c8d\u0292illo ponte\u02c8k\u0254rvo]; 19 November 1919 \u2013 12 October 2006) was an Italian filmmaker. He worked as a film director for more than a decade before his best known film La battaglia di Algeri (The Battle of Algiers, 1966) was released. It won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival in 1966.\nHis other films include Kap\u00f2 (1960), which takes place in a World War II concentration camp, Burn! (Queimada, 1969), starring Marlon Brando about the machinations of colonial powers in small countries, and Ogro (1979), which reconstructs the murder of Luis Carrero Blanco by ETA. In 2000, he received the Pietro Bianchi Award at the Venice Film Festival. He was also a screenwriter and composer of film scores, and a close friend of Italian President Giorgio Napolitano.", "Q87506": "Carlos Kloppenburg, O.F.M. (born November 2, 1919 \u2013 May 8, 2009) was a German-born Brazilian bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. \nCarlos Kloppenburg was born in Molbergen near Oldenburg, Germany, on November 2, 1919. His parents were Bernard and Josephine Kloppenburg who immigrated to Brazil with their family of 9 in 1924. \nCarlos Kloppenburg was ordained a priest of the Roman Catholic Church on January 6, 1946 in the religious order of the Orders of Friars Minor under the name Boaventura (in English and German, Bonaventure). He was ordained as a bishop August 1, 1982 and appointed auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of S\u00e3o Salvador da Bahia as well as Titular Bishop of Vulturaria on May 22, 1982. On August 8, 1986 Pope Paul II appointed him to the Diocese of Novo Hamburgo. He retired as Bishop emeritus of the diocese on November 22, 1995.\nHis principal life work was that of a Professor of Theology. He studied at the Antonianum University, Rome (D.Th., 1950). During the decade of the 1950s he made a study of Spiritism in Brazil. For that purpose he also studied parapsychology at Duke University, U.S.A. under Dr Charles S Rhyne. \nBishop Kloppenburg was a prolific writer. He wrote and published extensively on the theology of the Roman Catholic Church. In the 1950s and into the 1960s he wrote on Spiritism in Brazil. \nBishop Kloppenburg was a Peritus of the Brazilian Bishops at Vatican II. He wrote the leading analytical work on Vatican II, The Ecclesiology of Vatican II. On August 12, 1980 Bishop Kloppenburg was appointed as a member of the International Theological Commission (Acta Apostolicae Sedis)\nWhile at Vatican II and before he was closely associated with then Bishop Joseph Ratzinger, now Pope Benedict XVI. They had known each other from the time Bishop Kloppenburg was the doctoral thesis supervisor of Dom Leonardo Boff, a Brazilian Liberation Theologian, also of the Franciscan order (Leonardo Boff left the Catholic priesthood after criticism from then Father Kloppenburg directed at Boff's liberation theology). The relationship of Bishop Kloppenburg to Bishop, and then Cardinal Ratzinger is described in Pope Benedict XVI, a biography of Pope Benedict XVI by John L. Allen (Continuum, 2000). \nBishop Kloppenburg in the 1970s and 1980s was engaged in doctrinal battles with the proponents of liberation theology. \nBishop Kloppenburg wrote and spoke extensively on the subject of spiritism during the decades of the 1950s and the 1960s including:\nNossas Supersti\u00e7oes (Our Superstitions; 1959); \nO Espiritismo no Brasil (Spiritism in Brazil; 1960); \nO Reencarnacionismo no Brasil (Reincarnationism in Brazil; 1961); \nA Ma\u00e7onaria no Brasil (Masonry in Brazil; 4th ed., 1961); \nPamphlets, including As Sociedades Teosoficas (The Theosophical Societies; 1959); O Rusacrucianismo no Brasil (The Rosicrucian Society in Brazil; 1959); Astrologia, Quiromancia e Quejandos (Astrology, Chiromancy and the Like; 1960)\nSource: Helene Pleasants (1964) Biographical Dictionary of Parapsychology with Directory and Glossary 1946-1996 NY: Garrett Publications\nBishop Kloppenburg's theological works include: \nDe Relatione inter Peccatum et Mortem (The Relationship Between Sin and Death; 1951); \nThe Peoples Church translated from the Spanish, Iglesia Popular 1977, on the subject of liberation theology, and the Catholic Church and socialism\nChristian Salvation and Human Temporal Progress translated from the Spanish work, Salvacion Cristiana y Progresso Human Temporal 1978 on the subject of Christian salvation, progress, and liberation theology. \nPastoral Practice and the Paranormal Translated by Paul Burns. Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1979\nThe Ecclesiology of Vatican II the leading analytical work on Vatican II,\n\n", "Q97715": "Franziska Pigulla (6 May 1964 \u2013 23 February 2019) was a German actress, news presenter and voice actress.", "Q1883487": "Carl Gustaf Oscar Fredrik Christian, Prince Bernadotte (10 January 1911 \u2013 27 June 2003), originally Prince Carl, Duke of \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland, was the youngest child and only son of Prince Carl of Sweden and Princess Ingeborg of Denmark and eventually a prince of the Belgian nobility. To distinguish himself from his father, he was widely known as Carl Junior. He was the brother of Princess Margaretha of Sweden, Queen Astrid of Belgium and Crown Princess M\u00e4rtha of Norway.", "Q311526": "Hector Hugh Munro (18 December 1870 \u2013 14 November 1916), better known by the pen name Saki and also frequently as H. H. Munro, was a British writer whose witty, mischievous and sometimes macabre stories satirize Edwardian society and culture. He is considered by English teachers and scholars as a master of the short story, and often compared to O. Henry and Dorothy Parker. Influenced by Oscar Wilde, Lewis Carroll and Rudyard Kipling, he himself influenced A. A. Milne, No\u00ebl Coward and P. G. Wodehouse.Besides his short stories (which were first published in newspapers, as was customary at the time, and then collected into several volumes), he wrote a full-length play, The Watched Pot, in collaboration with Charles Maude; two one-act plays; a historical study, The Rise of the Russian Empire (the only book published under his own name); a short novel, The Unbearable Bassington; the episodic The Westminster Alice (a parliamentary parody of Alice in Wonderland); and When William Came, subtitled A Story of London Under the Hohenzollerns, a fantasy about a future German invasion and occupation of Britain.", "Q325683": "Ksenia Mikhailovna Sitnik (Belarusian: \u041a\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0456\u044f \u041c\u0456\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u045e\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456\u043a, translit. Ksienija Michajla\u016dna Sitnik; Russian: \u041a\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a, translit. Kseniya Mikhaylovna Sitnik; born 15 May 1995), sometimes also transliterated as Kseniya Sitnik or Xenia Sitnik, is a Belarusian singer. She represented Belarus in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2005, which she won with the self-penned song \"My vmeste\" (We Are Together).\n\n", "Q57257": "Carl August Peter Cornelius (24 December 1824 \u2013 26 October 1874) was a German composer, writer about music, poet and translator.", "Q551359": "Kiyoshi Nagai (\u6c38\u4e95\u6f54, Nagai Kiyoshi, born September 6, 1945), better known by the pen name Go Nagai (\u6c38\u4e95 \u8c6a, Nagai G\u014d), is a Japanese manga artist and a prolific author of science fiction, fantasy, horror and erotica. He made his professional debut in 1967 with Meakashi Polikichi, but is best known for creating Cutie Honey, Devilman, and Mazinger Z. He also pioneered the ecchi genre with Harenchi Gakuen. He is credited with creating the super robot genre and for designing the first mecha robots piloted by a user from within a cockpit with Mazinger Z. In 2005, he became a Character Design professor at the Osaka University of Arts. He has been a member of the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize's nominating committee since 2009.", "Q175018": "The Postman Always Rings Twice is a 1946 American film noir based on the 1934 novel of the same name by James M. Cain. This adaptation of the novel features Lana Turner, John Garfield, Cecil Kellaway, Hume Cronyn, Leon Ames, and Audrey Totter. It was directed by Tay Garnett. The musical score was written by George Bassman and Erich Zeisl (the latter uncredited).This version was the third filming of The Postman Always Rings Twice, but the first under the novel's original title and the first in English. Previously, the novel had been filmed as Le Dernier Tournant (The Last Turning) in France in 1939 and as Ossessione (Obsession) in Italy in 1943.", "Q25094849": "Art pop (also typeset as art-pop or artpop) is a loosely defined style of pop music influenced by pop art's integration of high and low culture, and which emphasizes the manipulation of signs, style, and gesture over personal expression. Art pop artists may be inspired by postmodern approaches or art theories as well as other forms of art, such as fashion, fine art, cinema, and avant-garde literature. They may deviate from traditional pop audiences and rock music conventions, instead exploring ideas such as pop's status as commercial art, notions of artifice and the self, and questions of historical authenticity.Starting in the mid 1960s, British and American pop musicians such as Brian Wilson, Phil Spector, and the Beatles began incorporating the ideas of the pop art movement into their recordings. English art pop musicians drew from their art school studies, while in America the style drew on the influence of pop artist Andy Warhol and affiliated band the Velvet Underground, and also intersected with folk music's singer-songwriter movement. The style would experience its \"golden age\" in the 1970s among glam rock artists such as David Bowie and Roxy Music, who embraced theatricality and throwaway pop culture.Art pop's traditions would be continued in the late 1970s and 1980s through styles such as post-punk and synthpop as well as the British New Romantic scene, developing further with artists who rejected conventional rock instrumentation and structure in favor of dance styles and the synthesizer. The 2010s saw new art pop trends develop, such as hip hop artists drawing on visual art and vaporwave artists exploring the sensibilities of contemporary capitalism and the Internet.", "Q38848": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. With roots in blues rock, psychedelic rock, and acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. The genre's lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.In 1968, three of the genre's most famous pioneers, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded. Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics. Following the blueprint laid down by Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath, several American bands modified heavy metal into more accessible forms during the 1970s: the raw, sleazy sound and outrageous stage shows of Alice Cooper and Kiss; the blues-rooted rock of Aerosmith; and the flashy guitar leads and wild party rock of Van Halen. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Def Leppard followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\".\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as Bon Jovi and M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of heavy metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "Q124531": "Johannes Hadlaub (fl. 1300, d. before 1340) is one of the Minnesingers whose works are recorded in Codex Manesse. He was a citizen of Z\u00fcrich, and is on record as buying a house there in 1302.\nThere are 51 songs by Hadlaub in the Codex Manesse, and it is commonly assumed that Hadlaub was actively involved in its compilation. \nThis assumption was fictionalised in a poetic novella, \"Hadlaub\" (in the Z\u00fcricher Novellen, 1878), by Gottfried Keller.", "Q16062854": "Mary Ann Girling (1827\u20131886) was an English religious leader, the founder of the sect called \"The People of God\", also known as New Forest Shakers.", "Q1064476": "Charles Gerard Conn (January 29, 1844 \u2013 January 5, 1931) was an entrepreneur, band instrument manufacturer, newspaper publisher, and U.S. Representative from Indiana.", "Q653290": "John F. Moore (born June 15, 1959) is an American engineer and a writer of fantasy and science fiction primarily under the short name John Moore.", "Q452122": "Eureka is a 2000 Japanese drama film written and directed by Shinji Aoyama. It stars K\u014dji Yakusho, Aoi Miyazaki, and Masaru Miyazaki. It won the FIPRESCI Prize and Prize of the Ecumenical Jury at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. It was released in Japan on 20 January 2001.", "Q67394": "Bernhard Rudolf Abeken (December 1, 1780 \u2013 February 24, 1866) was a German philologist and literature historian.", "Q1416571": "Poul Johan Sundberg Michelsen (born 22 July 1944 in T\u00f3rshavn) is a Faroese business man and politician, the leader of Progress (Frams\u00f3kn), which he and others established in 2011. Earlier he was a member of People's Party (F\u00f3lkaflokkurin).", "Q1439592": "John Patrick Hayes is an Irish-American computer scientist and electrical engineer, the Claude E. Shannon Chair of Engineering Science at the University of Michigan.", "Q486415": "Symphonic metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music that combines the heavy drums and guitars of metal with different elements of orchestral classical music, such as symphonic instruments, choirs and sometimes a full orchestra. Keyboards reminiscent of power metal are also sometimes featured.Symphonic metal bands often feature classically trained female vocalists, giving rise to the nickname opera metal or operatic metal, and it is not uncommon for them to feature a second vocalist performing growls, a more common characteristic of gothic metal. Perhaps the most typical and prominent examples of symphonic metal bands are Dutch bands Epica and Within Temptation, Finnish band Nightwish, and Swedish band Therion. All four bands place a large focus on elements prevalent in film scores in addition to the more basic classical components utilized more widely in the genre.", "Q282428": "The Mamluk Sultanate (Arabic: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u200e, romanized: Sal\u1e6danat al-Mam\u0101l\u012bk) was a medieval realm spanning Egypt, the Levant, and Hejaz that established itself as a caliphate. It lasted from the overthrow of the Ayyubid dynasty until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. Historians have traditionally broken the era of Maml\u016bk rule into two periods\u2014one covering 1250\u20131382, the other, 1382\u20131517. Western historians call the former the \"Ba\u1e25r\u012b\" period and the latter the \"Burj\u012b\" due to the political dominance of the regimes known by these names during the respective eras. Contemporary Muslim historians refer to the same divisions as the \"Turkic\" and \"Circassian\" periods in order to stress the change in the ethnic origins of the majority of Maml\u016bks.The Maml\u016bk state reached its height under Turkic rule with Arabic culture and then fell into a prolonged phase of decline under the Circassians. The sultanate's ruling caste was composed of Mamluks, soldiers of predominantly Cuman-Kipchaks (from Crimea), Circassian, Abkhazian, Oghuz Turks and Georgian slave origin. While Mamluks were purchased, their status was above ordinary slaves, who were not allowed to carry weapons or perform certain tasks. Mamluks were considered to be \"true lords\", with social status above citizens of Egypt. Though it declined towards the end of its existence, at its height the sultanate represented the zenith of medieval Egyptian and Levantine political, economic, and cultural glory in the Islamic Golden Age.", "Q584570": "Nevado Tres Cruces is a massif of volcanic origin in the Andes Mountains on the border of Argentina and Chile. It has two main summits, Tres Cruces Sur at 6,748 metres (22,139 ft) and Tres Cruces Centro at 6,629 m (21,749 ft) and a third more minor summit, Tres Cruces Norte 6,206 m (20,361 ft). Tres Cruces Sur is the sixth highest mountain in the Andes. The area was first surveyed in 1883 by Francisco San Rom\u00e1n and the Nevado Tres Cruces National Park was established in 1994.The volcano has an extended history of activity, going back at least 1.5 million years. A number of lava domes surround the complex and a number of craters lie on its summits. The main volcano is of rhyodacitic composition and has generated two major ignimbritic eruptions, one 1.5 million years ago and a second 67,000 years ago. The last eruption was 28,000 years ago, but the volcano is a candidate source for a Holocene eruption and it may become active in the future.", "Q174306": "The Republic of Genoa (Italian: Repubblica di Genova; Ligurian: Rep\u00fabrica de Z\u00eana [\u027ee\u02c8pyb\u027eika de \u02c8ze\u02d0na]; Latin: Res Publica Ianuensis) was an independent state from 1005 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast, incorporating Corsica from 1347 to 1768, and numerous other territories throughout the Mediterranean.\nKnown as \"la Superba\" (\"the Superb one\"), \"la Dominante\" (\"The Dominant one\"), \"la Dominante dei mari\" (\"the Dominant of the Seas\"), and \"la Repubblica dei magnifici\" (\"the Republic of the Magnificents\"), during the late Middle Ages Genoa was one of the main commercial powers of the Mediterranean Sea, while between the 16th and 17th centuries it was one of the major financial centers in Europe. It was a celebrated maritime republic and today its coat of arms is depicted in the flag of the Italian Navy. In 1284, Genoa fought victoriously against the Republic of Pisa in the battle of Meloria for the dominance over the Tyrrhenian Sea, and it was an eternal rival of Venice for dominance in the Mediterranean Sea.\nThe republic began when Genoa became a self-governing commune within the imperial Kingdom of Italy, and ended when it was conquered by the French First Republic under Napoleon and replaced with the Ligurian Republic. Corsica was ceded to France in the Treaty of Versailles of 1768. The Ligurian Republic was annexed by the First French Empire in 1805; its restoration was briefly proclaimed in 1814 following the defeat of Napoleon, but it was ultimately annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1815.", "Q70830": "Friedrich Dedekind (1524 \u2013 February 27, 1598) was a German humanist, theologian, and bookseller.\nBorn in Neustadt am R\u00fcbenberge, he was educated at the universities of Marburg (1543) and Wittenberg, where he studied theology. At Wittenberg, his talents were recognized by Philipp Melanchthon. As magister, he became in 1575 a minister and inspector of churches in L\u00fcneburg.\nHe wrote plays and in later years became involved in mediating theological disputes.\nHe died on February 27, 1598 at L\u00fcneburg.", "Q711909": "James Berardinelli (born September 25, 1967) is an American film critic based on the Web, who produces the blog ReelThoughts. Approved as a critic by the aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, he has published two collections of reviews of movies on DVD and video. He is also known as a fantasy novelist, publishing a trilogy from 2015 through 2016 known as The Last Whisper of the Gods.", "Q516012": "Naoki Hattori (\u670d\u90e8 \u5c1a\u8cb4, born June 13, 1966 in Tokyo) is a motoring journalist and racing driver from Japan.\nAfter he won the Japanese Formula 3 championship in 1990, he failed to pre-qualify for two Formula One grands prix with Coloni in 1991 as a late-season replacement for Pedro Chaves. He raced in Indy Lights in the mid-90s, and in CART briefly in 1999 for Walker Racing with a best finish of 14th. In 1997, he tested a Formula One prototype, the F105, for Dome F1 at Suzuka and other Japanese race tracks, but Dome F1 never entered a Formula One Grand Prix.\nHattori competed regularly at the Japanese Touring Car Championship, winning the 1996 title with a Mooncraft Honda Accord after collecting five wins and three second-place finishes in 12 starts.\nIn 1991 driving a Nissan Skyline R32 GT-R for Nismo, Hattori, David Brabham and Anders Olofsson won the Spa 24 Hours.\nHe is not related to compatriot and fellow racer Shigeaki Hattori. He has been one of the presenters of the Best Motoring video series.", "Q218516": "Detective Conan: Private Eye in the Distant Sea (\u540d\u63a2\u5075\u30b3\u30ca\u30f3\u3000\u7d76\u6d77\u306e\u63a2\u5075(\u30d7\u30e9\u30a4\u30d9\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30a2\u30a4), Meitantei Konan: Zekkai no Puraib\u0113to Ai) is a 2013 Japanese animated drama thriller film part of the film series based on the Detective Conan manga and anime series. The movie aired on April 19, 2014 on Nippon TV as well. Its theme music is One More Time by Kazuyoshi Saito.", "Q315998": "B\u00e9la Zsolt (born as B\u00e9la Steiner, 1 August 1895-d. 2 June 1949) was a Hungarian radical socialist journalist and politician. He wrote one of the earliest Holocaust memoirs, Nine Suitcases (Kilenc koffer in Hungarian). Tibor Fischer has called it \"Hungary's finest contribution to Holocaust writing\", warning that it is \"not for the squeamish\". It has been translated into English by Ladislaus L\u00f6b.", "Q57243": "Heike Gabriela Drechsler (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ha\u026ak\u0259 \u0261ab\u0281i\u02c8e\u02d0la\u02d0 \u02c8d\u0281\u025bksl\u0250]; n\u00e9e Daute; born 16 December 1964) is a German former track and field athlete who represented East Germany and later Germany. One of the most successful long jumpers of all-time, she is a former world record holder and ranks third on the all-time list with her legal best of 7.48 metres in 1988. Her marginally wind-assisted jump of 7.63 metres (+2.1) in 1992 at altitude in Sestriere, is still the furthest a woman has ever long jumped. She is the only woman who has won two Olympic gold medals in the long jump, winning in 1992 and 2000.\nDrechsler also won Olympic medals in the 100 metres and 200 metres in 1988, a silver medal in the 100 metres at the 1987 World Championships, and is a former world record holder in the 200 metres with 21.71 secs in 1986.", "Q153975": "Alitalia \u2013 Societ\u00e0 Aerea Italiana (Alitalia \u2013 Italian Air Company), operating as Alitalia (Italian pronunciation: [ali\u02c8ta\u02d0lja]), is the flag carrier of Italy. The company has its head office in Fiumicino, Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. Its main hub is Leonardo da Vinci\u2013Fiumicino Airport, Rome, with a secondary hub at Linate Airport, Milan. Other focus airports are Catania\u2013Fontanarossa Airport, Milan Malpensa Airport, Palermo Airport and Naples Airport. In 2018, it was the twelfth-largest airline in Europe. The name is an Italian portmanteau of the words ali ('wings') and Italia ('Italy').Alitalia has been loss-making for many years. On 2 May 2017, the airline went into administration after the government formally approved the move, but the loss-making operations have continued since then, at about the same level of activity. On 17 March 2020, the Government of Italy took full control of Alitalia.", "Q58170": "Ph\u1ea1m Gia Khi\u00eam (born 6 August 1944) is a Vietnamese politician who was Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam from 1997 to 2011 and former Minister of Foreign Affairs (2006-2011). He was previously Minister of Science, Technology and Environment from November 1996 to September 1997, and was born in Hanoi. He was a lecturer at B\u1eafc Th\u00e1i College of Electrical Engineering from 1968 to 1970, and gained a Ph.D. in Metallurgy in Czechoslovakia in 1975. He is fluent in English, Russian and Czech.Khi\u00eam made an official visit to the United States in March 2007, meeting with expatriate Vietnamese and visiting the Consulate General of Vietnam in San Francisco, California. During the visit he stated he would look into the case of imprisoned journalist Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0169 B\u00ecnh following a request from then United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice; B\u00ecnh was pardoned and released on 8 June 2007.", "Q77193": "Sahra Wagenknecht (German pronunciation: [\u02ccza\u02d0\u0281a\u02d0 \u02c8va\u02d0\u0261n\u0329\u02cckn\u025b\u00e7t]; born 16 July 1969) is a German left-wing politician, economist, author and publicist. Along with Dietmar Bartsch, she was the parliamentary chairperson of Die Linke from 2010 to 2019. Since 2009, she has been a member of the Bundestag.", "Q240769": "Julie Payette (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292yli paj\u025bt]; born October 20, 1963) is the governor general of Canada, the 29th officeholder since Canadian Confederation. On July 13, 2017, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that Queen Elizabeth II had approved the appointment of Payette as the next governor general of Canada. She was sworn in on October 2, 2017. She is the fourth woman and the sixth francophone to hold the post.\nPayette is an engineer, businessperson, and a former member of the Canadian Astronaut Corps. Payette has completed two spaceflights, STS-96 and STS-127, and has logged more than 25 days in space. She served as chief astronaut for the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), and has served as capsule communicator at NASA Mission Control Center in Houston.\nIn July 2013, Payette was named chief operating officer for the Montreal Science Centre, and in April 2014, she was appointed to the board of directors of the National Bank of Canada.", "Q340": "Montreal ( (listen) MUN-tree-AWL; officially Montr\u00e9al, French: [m\u0254\u0303\u0281eal] (listen)) is the most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous city in Canada. Originally founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie, or \"City of Mary\", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The city is centred on the Island of Montreal, which got its name from the same origin as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is \u00cele Bizard. The city is situated 196 km (122 mi) east of the national capital Ottawa, and 258 km (160 mi) south-west of the provincial capital, Quebec City.\nIn 2016, the city had a population of 1,704,694, with a population of 1,942,247 in the urban agglomeration, including all of the other municipalities on the Island of Montreal. The broader metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,247. French is the city's official language and in 2016 was the main home language of 49.8% of the population, while English was spoken by 22.8% at home, and 18.3% spoke other languages (multi-language responses were excluded from these figures). In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area, 65.8% of the population spoke French at home, compared to 15.3% who spoke English. Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with over 59% of the population able to speak both English and French. Montreal is the second-largest primarily French-speaking city in the developed world, after Paris.Historically the commercial capital of Canada, Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. It remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, transport, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, art, culture, tourism, food, fashion, gaming, film, and world affairs. Montreal has the second-highest number of consulates in North America, serves as the location of the headquarters of the International Civil Aviation Organization, and was named a UNESCO City of Design in 2006. In 2017, Montreal was ranked the 12th most liveable city in the world by the Economist Intelligence Unit in its annual Global Liveability Ranking, and the best city in the world to be a university student in the QS World University Rankings.Montreal has hosted multiple international conferences and events, including the 1967 International and Universal Exposition and the 1976 Summer Olympics. It is the only Canadian city to have held the quadrennial Summer Olympics. In 2018, Montreal was ranked as an Alpha\u2212 world city. As of 2016 the city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One, the Montreal International Jazz Festival and the Just for Laughs festival.\n\n", "Q838772": "South Gate is the 17th largest city in Los Angeles County, California, with 7.4 square miles (19 km2). South Gate is located 7 miles (11 km) southeast of Downtown Los Angeles. It is part of the Gateway Cities region of southeastern Los Angeles County.\nThe city was incorporated on January 20, 1923, and it became known as the \"Azalea City\" when it adopted the flower as its symbol in 1965. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 94,396.In 1990, South Gate was one of ten U.S. communities to receive the All-America City Award from the National Civic League.", "Q47050": "The Netherlands national football team (Dutch: Het Nederlands Elftal) has represented the Netherlands in international football matches since 1905. The national team is controlled by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB), which is a part of UEFA, and under the jurisdiction of FIFA the governing body for football in the Netherlands. Most of the Netherlands' home matches are played at the Johan Cruyff Arena and the Stadion Feijenoord. The team is colloquially referred to as Het Nederlands Elftal (The Dutch Eleven) or Oranje, after the House of Orange-Nassau. Like the country itself, the team is sometimes (also colloquially) referred to as Holland. The fan club is known as \"Het Oranje Legioen\".The Netherlands has competed in ten FIFA World Cups, appearing in the finals three times (in 1974, 1978 and 2010). They have also appeared in nine UEFA European Championships, winning the 1988 tournament in West Germany. Additionally, the team won a bronze medal at the Olympic tournament in 1908, 1912 and 1920. The Netherlands has long-standing football rivalries with neighbors Belgium and Germany.", "Q2834609": "Alexis Louis Nihon, (May 15, 1902 \u2013 April 8, 1980) was a Belgian-born Canadian inventor and businessman.\n\n", "Q1580513": "Say I Love You. (Japanese: \u597d\u304d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u3044\u306a\u3088\u3002, Hepburn: Suki-tte ii na yo.) is a Japanese manga by Kanae Hazuki. An anime adaptation by Zexcs aired between October 6 and December 30, 2012. In North America, the manga is published by Kodansha USA and the anime is licensed by Sentai Filmworks. A live action film was released on July 12, 2014.", "Q414163": "The Academy of Sciences and Literature (German: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz, AdW Mainz) is a scientific academy in Mainz, Germany. It was established in 1949 on an initiative of Alfred D\u00f6blin. The Academy is an affiliation of personalities from science, literature and music. The Academy\u2019s goal is to support science and literature, and in doing so to help preserve and promote culture. It is divided in three classes: mathematics and natural sciences, humanities and social sciences, literature and music. Each class has up to 50 full and 50 corresponding members. It actively promotes interdisciplinary discourse, facilitates research projects and organizes a variety of public events. Notable members have been Niels Bohr, Otto Hahn, Konrad Lorenz, Halld\u00f3r Laxness, Heinrich B\u00f6ll, und Jean-Marie Lehn.", "Q172763": "Joy Division were an English rock band formed in Salford in 1976. The group consisted of vocalist Ian Curtis, guitarist/keyboardist Bernard Sumner, bassist Peter Hook and drummer Stephen Morris.\nSumner and Hook formed the band after attending a Sex Pistols concert. While Joy Division's first recordings were heavily influenced by early punk, they soon developed a sound and style that made them one of the pioneers of the post-punk movement. Their self-released 1978 debut EP An Ideal for Living drew the attention of the Manchester television personality Tony Wilson, who signed them to his independent label Factory Records. Their debut album Unknown Pleasures, recorded with producer Martin Hannett, was released in 1979.\nCurtis suffered from personal problems including a failing marriage, depression, and epilepsy. As the band's popularity grew, Curtis's condition made it increasingly difficult for him to perform; he occasionally experienced seizures on stage. He killed himself on the eve of the band's first US/Canada tour in May 1980, aged 23. Joy Division's second and final album, Closer, was released two months later; it and the single \"Love Will Tear Us Apart\" became their highest charting releases.\nThe remaining members regrouped under the name New Order. They were successful throughout the next decade, blending post-punk with electronic and dance music influences.", "Q92679": "David G. Lowe is a Canadian computer scientist working for Google as a Senior Research Scientist. He was a former professor in the Computer Science Department at the University of British Columbia and New York University.", "Q303136": "The Big Red One is a 1980 epic war film written and directed by Samuel Fuller starring Lee Marvin alongside an ensemble supporting cast including Mark Hamill, Robert Carradine, Siegfried Rauch, Bobby Di Cicco, and Kelly Ward.\nBased on Fuller's own experiences, it was produced independently on a lower budget, shot on location in Israel as a cost-saving measure. It was heavily cut on its original release, but a restored version, The Big Red One: The Reconstruction, premi\u00e8red at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival, seven years after Fuller's death. Fuller wrote a book, with the same title, which was more a companion novel than a novelization of the film, although it features many of the scenes that were originally cut.", "Q270872": "\u00c5ke Fridell (23 June 1919 \u2013 26 August 1985) was a Swedish film actor. He was born in G\u00e4vle, Sweden and died in Stockholm.", "Q70824": "Ottfried Neubecker (22 March 1908 \u2013 8 July 1992) was a German vexillologist and heraldist.", "Q3420876": "Raymond Garneau, (born January 3, 1935) is a Canadian businessman and politician.\n\n", "Q28497": "Marc Forster (born 30 November 1969) is a German-born Swiss filmmaker, best known for directing the feature films Monster's Ball, Finding Neverland, Stranger than Fiction, The Kite Runner, Quantum of Solace, World War Z, and Christopher Robin, as well as numerous television commercials. He is a BAFTA, Golden Globe, and Independent Spirit Award nominee.", "Q212991": "Santa Rosa (Spanish for '\"Saint Rose\"') is a city in and the county seat of Sonoma County. Its estimated 2018 population was 177,586. Santa Rosa is the largest city in California's Redwood Empire, Wine Country and the North Bay; the fifth most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area after San Jose, San Francisco, Oakland, and Fremont; and the 28th most populous city in California.", "Q75784": "Ferdinand Lassalle (German: [la\u02c8sal]; 11 April 1825 \u2013 31 August 1864) was a Prussian-German jurist, philosopher, socialist and political activist best remembered as the initiator of national-style social democracy in Germany as well as for coining the terms night-watchman state and iron law of wages.", "Q129001": "Zen\u00f3n Noriega Ag\u00fcero (July 12, 1900 \u2013 May 7, 1957) was a Peruvian army general who briefly served as the Interim President of Peru through a military junta for two months in 1950.\n\n", "Q55454": "Ugo Gregoretti (28 September 1930 \u2013 5 July 2019) was an Italian film, television and stage director, actor, screenwriter, author and television host. He directed 20 films during his career.", "Q308063": "\u00d8ivind Blunck (28 December 1950) is a Norwegian comedian and actor.He is best known for his numerous performances with the Norwegian Theatre, and for playing the eccentric, moped-driving ladies' man \"Fridtjof\", living in Enebakk. Another memorable character is Reidar, a teen growing up in the late 1980s heavily fascinated by British pop culture such as Sky Channel, Pat Sharp and Samantha Fox. Blunck also originated the part of Th\u00e9nardier in the Norwegian version of Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Sch\u00f6nberg's musical Les Mis\u00e9rables in 1988 in Oslo. His performance of the character's only solo in the musical - \"Dog Eats Dog\" is featured in the Stage by Stage documentary accompanying the DVD versions of the musical. He has also reappeared several times in Olsenbanden as \"Holm\", the aide of superintendent \"Hermansen\", played by Sverre Wilberg.\nBlunck was married to actress Guri Schanke. They lived in Oslo.", "Q213457": "The Beat Generation was a literary movement started by a group of authors whose work explored and influenced American culture and politics in the post-war era. The bulk of their work was published and popularized throughout the 1950s. The central elements of Beat culture are the rejection of standard narrative values, making a spiritual quest, the exploration of American and Eastern religions, the rejection of economic materialism, explicit portrayals of the human condition, experimentation with psychedelic drugs, and sexual liberation and exploration.Allen Ginsberg's Howl (1956), William S. Burroughs' Naked Lunch (1959), and Jack Kerouac's On the Road (1957) are among the best known examples of Beat literature. Both Howl and Naked Lunch were the focus of obscenity trials that ultimately helped to liberalize publishing in the United States. The members of the Beat Generation developed a reputation as new bohemian hedonists, who celebrated non-conformity and spontaneous creativity.\nThe core group of Beat Generation authors \u2014 Herbert Huncke, Ginsberg, Burroughs, Lucien Carr, and Kerouac \u2014 met in 1944 in and around the Columbia University campus in New York City. Later, in the mid-1950s, the central figures, with the exception of Burroughs and Carr, ended up together in San Francisco, where they met and became friends of figures associated with the San Francisco Renaissance.\nIn the 1960s, elements of the expanding Beat movement were incorporated into the hippie and larger counterculture movements. Neal Cassady, as the driver for Ken Kesey's bus Further, was the primary bridge between these two generations. Ginsberg's work also became an integral element of early 1960s hippie culture.", "Q977717": "Danny Lee Burton (born June 21, 1938) is an American politician. Burton is the former U.S. Representative for Indiana's 5th congressional district, and previously the 6th district, serving from 1983 until 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party and the Tea Party Caucus.\n\n", "Q170174": "The Papal States () (Italian: Stato Pontificio), officially the State of the Church (Italian: Stato della Chiesa, Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8sta\u02d0to della \u02c8kje\u02d0za]; Latin: Status Ecclesiasticus; also Dicio Pontificia), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope, from the 8th century until 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from roughly the 8th century until the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia successfully unified the Italian Peninsula by conquest in a campaign virtually concluded in 1861 and definitively in 1870. At their zenith, the Papal States covered most of the modern Italian regions of Lazio (which includes Rome), Marche, Umbria and Romagna, and portions of Emilia. These holdings were considered to be a manifestation of the temporal power of the pope, as opposed to his ecclesiastical primacy.\nBy 1861, much of the Papal States' territory had been conquered by the Kingdom of Italy. Only Lazio, including Rome, remained under the pope's temporal control. In 1870, the pope lost Lazio and Rome and had no physical territory at all, except the Basilica of St Peter and the papal residence and related buildings around the Vatican quarter of Rome, which the new Italian state did not occupy militarily. In 1929 the head of the Italian government, at the time the Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini, ended the crisis between unified Italy and the Holy See by negotiating the Lateran Treaty, signed by the two parties. This recognized the sovereignty of the Holy See over a newly created international territorial entity, the Vatican City State, limited to a token territory.", "Q45647": "Edward Maurice Charles Marsan (born 9 June 1968) is an English actor. He won the London Film Critics Circle Award and National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film Happy-Go-Lucky in 2008. \nHe has appeared in films such as Gangster No. 1 (2000), Ultimate Force (2002), V for Vendetta (2005), Mission: Impossible III (2006), Sixty Six (2006), Hancock (2008), Sherlock Holmes (2009), War Horse (2011), Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (2011), The Best of Men (2012), and The World's End (2013). He also appeared as Terry in Showtime's series Ray Donovan (2013), and as Mr. Norrell in the BBC drama Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell (2015).", "Q222852": "Bad Ass is a 2012 American action film written and directed by Craig Moss. The film stars Danny Trejo, Charles S. Dutton, and Ron Perlman. It is loosely based on the viral AC Transit Bus fight viral video.\n\n", "Q87512": "August Otto F\u00f6ppl (25 January 1854 \u2013 12 August 1924) was a professor of Technical Mechanics and Graphical Statics at the Technical University of Munich, Germany. He is credited with introducing the F\u00f6ppl\u2013Klammer theory and the F\u00f6ppl\u2013von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n equations (large deflection of elastic plates).\n\n", "Q350208": "Dennis Dexter Haysbert (born June 2, 1954) is an American actor and voice actor. In the U.S. he is known for his appearances in commercials for Allstate Insurance. He portrayed baseball player Pedro Cerrano in the Major League film trilogy, Secret Service Agent Tim Collin in the 1997 political thriller film Absolute Power, and Sergeant Major Jonas Blane on the drama series The Unit. He is also known for playing U.S. Senator (later President) David Palmer on the first 5 seasons of 24 and has appeared in the films Love Field, Heat, Waiting to Exhale, Far from Heaven, and the science fiction series Incorporated.", "Q166716": "Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning is a 2012 American science fiction action film co-written, co-edited and directed by John Hyams. The film stars Jean-Claude Van Damme and Dolph Lundgren, who both reprise their roles from the first film, with Scott Adkins and Andrei Arlovski also star. It is the fourth and final theatrical installment in the Universal Soldier series.\nThe film acts as a semi-sequel to its 2009 predecessor, Universal Soldier: Regeneration and likewise, is unrelated to the two television sequels and ignores the events of the 1999 theatrical sequel Universal Soldier: The Return. In the film, a young former military man named John awakens from a coma and finds out that his wife and daughter have been murdered in a home invasion. John goes on a personal vendetta against the man behind the incident who is revealed to be Luc Deveraux, the eponymous Universal Soldier from the first two films who has now become a powerful terrorist military leader.\nThough Day of Reckoning received generally mixed reviews, with criticisms toward its \"brutal\" violence, the film received praise for its direction, action, and \"haunting\" atmosphere; comparisons were made with the works of Michael Haneke and David Lynch. Day of Reckoning was first released on VOD in the United States before receiving a theatrical release on November 30, 2012. The film grossed $1.4 million against a production budget of $8 million.", "Q232499": "Rinko Kikuchi (\u83ca\u5730 \u51db\u5b50, Kikuchi Rinko) (born Yuriko Kikuchi (\u83ca\u5730 \u767e\u5408\u5b50, Kikuchi Yuriko) January 6, 1981) is a Japanese actress. She was the first Japanese actress to be nominated for an Academy Award in 50 years, for her work in Babel (2006). Kikuchi's other notable films include Norwegian Wood (2010), which screened in competition at the 67th Venice Film Festival and Guillermo del Toro's science fiction action film Pacific Rim (2013). For her role in the drama film Kumiko, the Treasure Hunter (2014), Kikuchi received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Female Lead.", "Q2001966": "Company rule in India (sometimes, Company Raj, \"raj\", lit. \"rule\" in Hindi) was the rule or dominion of the British East India Company over parts of the Indian subcontinent. This is variously taken to have commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the \"puppet\" Nawab of Bengal Mir Jafar ceded revenues to the Company; in 1765, when the Company was granted the diwani, or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar; or in 1773, when the Company established a capital in Calcutta, appointed its first Governor-General, Warren Hastings, and became directly involved in governance,. By 1818, with the defeat of Marathas followed by the pensioning of the Peshwa and the annexation of his territories, British supremacy in India was complete.The East India Company was a private company owned by stockholders and reporting to a board of directors in London. Originally formed as a monopoly on trade, it increasingly took on governmental powers with its own army and judiciary. It seldom turned a profit, as employees diverted funds into their own pockets. The British government had little control, and there was increasing anger at the corruption and irresponsibility of Company officials or \"nabobs\" who made vast fortunes in a few years. Pitt's India Act of 1784 gave the British government effective control of the private company for the first time. The new policies were designed for an elite civil service career that minimized temptations for corruption. Increasingly Company officials lived in separate compounds according to British standards. The Company's rule lasted until 1858, when it was abolished after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. With the Government of India Act 1858, the British government assumed the task of administering India in the new British Raj.", "Q88621": "Alexander Spitzm\u00fcller (June 12, 1862 in Vienna, Austrian Empire - September 5, 1953 in Velden am W\u00f6rther See, Allied-occupied Austria) was an Austrian lawyer, bank director, and politician. In 1886, he entered the Austria-Hungarian Finance Ministry, where he held various positions for the next 35 years, culminating in becoming Finance Minister from September 7, 1918 to November 10, 1918. Between 1919 and 1922, he served as Governor of the Austria-Hungarian Bank and was entrusted with its liquidation.", "Q641858": "The Yeah Yeah Yeahs are an American indie rock band formed in New York City in 2000. The group is composed of vocalist and pianist Karen O, guitarist and keyboardist Nick Zinner, and drummer Brian Chase. It is complemented in live performances by second guitarist David Pajo, who joined as a touring member in 2009 and replaced Imaad Wasif who had previously held this role. According to an interview that aired during the ABC network's Live from Central Park SummerStage series, the band's name was taken from modern New York City vernacular.The band has recorded four studio albums; the first, Fever to Tell, was released in 2003. The second, Show Your Bones, was released in 2006 and was named the second best album of the year by NME. Their third studio album, It's Blitz!, was released in March 2009. All three albums earned the band Grammy nominations for Best Alternative Music Album. Its fourth album, Mosquito, was released in April 2013.\n\n", "Q43236": "Avenches is a Swiss municipality in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Broye-Vully.", "Q215026": "Deborah Ann Harry (born Angela Trimble; July 1, 1945) is an American singer, songwriter, model and actress, known as the lead singer of the new wave band Blondie. Her recordings with the band reached number one in the U.S. and UK charts on many occasions from 1979 to 2017. \nBorn in Miami, Florida, Harry was adopted as an infant and raised in Hawthorne, New Jersey. After attending college, she worked various jobs, including as a secretary, dancer, and Playboy Bunny, before breaking through in the music industry. Harry co-formed Blondie in 1974 in New York City. The band released their eponymous debut album in 1976, and released a further three albums between then and 1979, including Parallel Lines, which spawned six singles, including \"Heart of Glass\". Their fifth record, Autoamerican (1980), afforded Harry and the band further attention, spawning such hits as a cover of \"The Tide Is High\", and \"Rapture\", the latter of which is considered the first rap song to chart at number one in the United States.In 1981, Harry released her debut solo album, KooKoo, and, during a hiatus of Blondie, embarked on an acting career, appearing in lead roles in the neo-noir Union City (1980) and in David Cronenberg's body horror film Videodrome (1983). She released her second solo album, Rockbird, in 1986, and subsequently starred in John Waters's cult dance film Hairspray (1988). Harry went on to release two more solo albums between then and 1993, after which she returned to film with roles in a John Carpenter-directed segment of the horror film Body Bags (1993), and in the drama Heavy (1995).\nBlondie reunited in the late 1990s, releasing No Exit (1999), followed by The Curse of Blondie (2003). Harry continued to appear in independent films throughout the 2000s, including Deuces Wild (2002), My Life Without Me (2003) and Eulogy (2008). With Blondie, she released the group's ninth studio album, Panic of Girls, in 2011, followed by Ghosts of Download (2014). The band's eleventh studio album, 2017's Pollinator, charted at number 4 in the United Kingdom.", "Q1068258": "University College Dublin (commonly referred to as UCD; Irish: Col\u00e1iste na hOllscoile, Baile \u00c1tha Cliath) is a research university in Dublin, Ireland, and a member institution of the National University of Ireland. It has over 1,482 academic staff and 32,000 students, and it is Ireland's second largest university after TU Dublin, based on 2017/18 student enrolments. UCD originates in a body founded in 1854, which opened as the Catholic University of Ireland on the Feast of Saint Malachy and with John Henry Newman as its first rector; it re-formed in 1880 and chartered in its own right in 1908. The Universities Act, 1997 renamed the constituent university as the \"National University of Ireland, Dublin\", and a ministerial order of 1998 renamed the institution as \"University College Dublin \u2013 National University of Ireland, Dublin\".Originally in locations across Dublin city, all faculties have since relocated to a 133-hectare (330-acre) campus at Belfield, four kilometres to the south of the city centre.\nThe 2020 U.S. News & World Report rates UCD as the highest globally ranked Irish university, and the 2019 QS World University Rankings rate UCD as 1st in Ireland and 78th in the world for employability and reputation.A report published in May 2015 showed the economic output generated by UCD and its students in Ireland amounted to \u20ac1.3 billion annually. UCD is frequently ranked among the top universities in Europe. Five Nobel Laureates are among UCD's alumni and current and former staff.", "Q179150": "Salvatore Phillip \"Sonny\" Bono (; February 16, 1935 \u2013 January 5, 1998) was an American singer-songwriter, producer, actor, and politician who came to fame in partnership with his second wife Cher as the popular singing duo Sonny & Cher. He was mayor of Palm Springs, California from 1988 to 1992, and the Republican congressman for California's 44th district from 1995 until his death in 1998.\nThe United States Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998, which extended the term of copyright by 20 years, was named in honor of Bono when it was passed by Congress nine months after his death. Mary Bono (Sonny's last wife) had been one of the original sponsors of the legislation, commonly known as the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act.", "Q182484": "Donald Edgar Tewes (August 4, 1916 \u2013 August 29, 2012) was a businessman and a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives for Wisconsin. He represented Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district in the 85th United States Congress from January 3, 1957 to January 3, 1959.", "Q97067": "Jens Sparschuh (born 14 May 1955) is a German writer from Chemnitz.", "Q72955": "Georg August Zinn (27 May 1901 \u2013 27 March 1976) was a German lawyer and a politician of the SPD. He was a member of the Bundestag from 1949\u20131951, the 2nd Minister-President of Hesse from 1950 to 1969 and served as the 5th and 16th President of the Bundesrat in 1953/54 and 1964/65. \nZinn was two times married. His second wife was Dr. Christa Zinn (1927-2002). Three sons are still living, Karl Georg Zinn (born 1939, economist), Dr. Georg-Christian Zinn and Dr. Philip-Andr\u00e9 Zinn.\nHe was born in Frankfurt and died in Frankfurt.", "Q215740": "Ricardo Odnoposoff (February 24, 1914 \u2013 October 26, 2004) was a Jewish Argentine-Austrian-American violinist of the 20th century. He was a former concertmaster of the Vienna State Opera and Vienna Philharmonic. He was dismissed on September 1, 1938 because he was unable to produce an Ariernachweis (Aryan certificate). He eventually became a citizen of the United States.", "Q12079": "The canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden (German: [\u02c8ap\u0259n\u02ccts\u025bl \u02c8a\u028a\u032fs\u0259r\u02ccro\u02d0d\u0259n] (listen); in English sometimes Appenzell Outer Rhodes) is a canton of Switzerland. The seat of the government and parliament is Herisau, judicial authorities are in Trogen. Appenzell Ausserrhoden is located in the north east of Switzerland, bordering the cantons of St. Gallen and Appenzell Innerrhoden.", "Q253715": "Yuko Ogura (\u5c0f\u5009 \u512a\u5b50, Ogura Y\u016bko, born November 1, 1983 in Mobara, Chiba) is a Japanese gravure idol and model who typically aimed for the cute, innocent schoolgirl look prior to her 2011 marriage. She is represented by Platinum Production.", "Q7659636": "Syco Music, also known as Syco Records and formerly known as S Records, is a British record label founded by British music mogul Simon Cowell. It is a subsidiary of Cowell's Syco.", "Q450047": "Ann Lee Doran (July 28, 1911 \u2013 September 19, 2000) was an American character actress, possibly best known as the mother of Jim Stark (James Dean) in Rebel Without a Cause (1955). She was an early member of the Screen Actors Guild and served on the board of the Motion Picture & Television Fund for 30 years.", "Q351670": "Soghomon Soghomonian, ordained and commonly known as Komitas, (Armenian: \u053f\u0578\u0574\u056b\u057f\u0561\u057d; 8 October [O.S. 26 September] 1869 \u2013 22 October 1935) was an Armenian priest, musicologist, composer, arranger, singer, and choirmaster, who is considered the founder of the Armenian national school of music. He is recognized as one of the pioneers of ethnomusicology.Orphaned at a young age, Komitas was taken to Etchmiadzin, Armenia's religious center, where he received education at the Gevorgian Seminary. Following his ordination as vardapet (celibate priest) in 1895, he studied music at the Frederick William University in Berlin. He thereafter \"used his Western training to build a national tradition\". He collected and transcribed over 3,000 pieces of Armenian folk music, more than half of which were subsequently lost and only around 1,200 are now extant. Besides Armenian folk songs, he also showed interest in other cultures and in 1903 published the first-ever collection of Kurdish folk songs titled Kurdish melodies. His choir presented Armenian music in many European cities, earning the praise of Claude Debussy, among others. Komitas settled in Constantinople in 1910 to escape mistreatment by ultra-conservative clergymen at Etchmiadzin and to introduce Armenian folk music to wider audiences. He was widely embraced by Armenian communities, while Arshag Chobanian called him the \"savior of Armenian music\".During the Armenian Genocide\u2014along with hundreds of other Armenian intellectuals\u2014Komitas was arrested and deported to a prison camp in April 1915 by the Ottoman government. He was soon released under unclear circumstances and experienced a mental breakdown and developed a severe case of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The widespread hostile environment in Constantinople and reports of mass-scale Armenian death marches and massacres that reached him further worsened his fragile mental state. He was first placed in a Turkish military-operated hospital until 1919 and then transferred to psychiatric hospitals in Paris, where he spent the last years of his life in agony. Komitas is widely seen as a martyr of the genocide and has been depicted as one of the main symbols of the Armenian Genocide in art.", "Q512506": "Mariusz Szczygie\u0142 (5 September 1966 Z\u0142otoryja, Poland) is a Polish journalist and writer.\n\n", "Q127992": "The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is a US-based international learned society for computing. It was founded in 1947, and is the world's largest scientific and educational computing society. The ACM is a non-profit professional membership group, claiming nearly 100,000 student and professional members as of 2019. Its headquarters are in New York City.The ACM is an umbrella organization for academic and scholarly interests in computer science. Its motto is \"Advancing Computing as a Science & Profession\".", "Q108971": "Prince Friedrich Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe (5 June 1906 \u2013 20 September 1983) was a German prince, the youngest son of Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe and his consort Princess Marie Anne of Saxe-Altenburg.Unhappy and disillusioned with the state of Germany after World War I, Friedrich Christian turned to the Nazi Party as a solution for the country's ills. As an ardent Party supporter, he worked vigorously to gain noble and royal support for it, and eventually became an upper privy councillor and adjutant to Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels. In 1939, Friedrich Christian was asked to become king of Iceland by Icelanders sympathetic to the Nazi party, but refused due to the opposition of Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop.\nAfter World War II, the prince devoted his writings to defending the record of the Third Reich, producing such works as Was Hitler Really a Dictator? (a personal account of the German leader) and \"Als die goldne Abendsonne...\" Aus meinen Tageb\u00fcchern der Jahre 1933\u20131937 (the prince's personal diaries).\n\n", "Q1134241": "Shugo Tokumaru (\u30c8\u30af\u30de\u30eb\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30b4, Tokumaru Sh\u016bgo, born May 29, 1980) is a Japanese singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, who debuted in May 2004 in America with his album Night Piece. He creates every aspect of his music, including the lyrics, music, arrangements, recording and mixing. He is known for the variety of instruments he uses in his music, using over 100 different traditional and non-traditional instruments in his recordings. Tokumaru is also a member of the Japanese rock band Gellers. Tokumaru's 2010 album Port Entropy was his most commercially successful album in Japan, breaking into the top 40.", "Q470397": "Inter Ice Age 4 (\u7b2c\u56db\u9593\u6c37\u671f, Dai-Yon Kampy\u014dki) is an early science fiction novel by Japanese writer K\u014db\u014d Abe originally serialized in the journal Sekai from 1958 to 1959 and first translated into English by American scholar E. Dale Saunders in 1970.", "Q300359": "A Chinese Ghost Story III (Chinese: \u5029\u5973\u5e7d\u9b42 III\uff1a\u9053\u9053\u9053; Jyutping: Sinneoi Jauwan III: Dou Dou Dou) is a 1991 Hong Kong romantic comedy-horror film directed by Ching Siu-tung and produced by Tsui Hark. It is the sequel to A Chinese Ghost Story and A Chinese Ghost Story II.\nThough technically a distant sequel, the plot is more of a retelling of the original A Chinese Ghost Story. Joey Wong reprises her role as a ghostly beauty bound in servitude to the Tree Demon. The Tree Demon's seal, as cast by the monk Yin (Wu Ma) in the original film, only lasts for 100 years. Now 100 years later, the Tree Demon awakens.", "Q45121": "Ferenc Faludi (born in G\u00fcssing on 11 April 1704; died in Rechnitz on 18 December 1779) was a Hungarian poet who has been referred to as \"the father of the new Hungarian lyric.\" Because of Suppression of the Society of Jesus he switched to being in charge of a poorhouse. Before that he had been known as a Jesuit educator, writer, and translator. He spoke near-fluent German and translated William Shakespeare's The Tempest into Hungarian. In addition to that he collected Hungarian folk poetry.", "Q117851": "Pedro Lenz (born 8 March 1965 in Langenthal) is a Swiss writer.", "Q13367": "Forl\u00ec ( for-LEE, Italian: [for\u02c8li] (listen); Romagnol: Furl\u00e8 [fur\u02c8l\u025b]; Latin: Forum Livii) is a comune (municipality) and city in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, and is the capital of the province of Forl\u00ec-Cesena. It is the central city of Romagna.\nThe city is situated along the Via Emilia, to the right of the Montone river, and is an important agricultural centre. The city hosts some of Italy's culturally and artistically significant landmarks; it is also notable as the birthplace of painters Melozzo da Forl\u00ec and Marco Palmezzano, humanist historian Flavio Biondo, physicians Geronimo Mercuriali and Giovanni Battista Morgagni. The University Campus of Forl\u00ec (part of the University of Bologna) is specialized in Economics, Engineering, Political Sciences as well as the Advanced school of Modern Languages for Interpreters and Translators (SSLMIT).", "Q131128": "Braunau am Inn (German for \"Braunau on the Inn\") is a town in Upper Austria, on the border with Germany. It is known as the birthplace of Adolf Hitler.\n\n", "Q217157": "Richard Trevithick (13 April 1771 \u2013 22 April 1833) was a British inventor and mining engineer from Cornwall, England, UK. The son of a mining captain, and born in the mining heartland of Cornwall, Trevithick was immersed in mining and engineering from an early age. He performed poorly in school, but went on to be an early pioneer of steam-powered road and rail transport. His most significant contribution was the development of the first high-pressure steam engine. He also built the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive. The world's first locomotive-hauled railway journey took place on 21 February 1804, when Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway of the Penydarren Ironworks, in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales.Turning his interests abroad, Trevithick also worked as a mining consultant in Peru and later explored parts of Costa Rica. Throughout his professional career, he went through many ups and downs, and at one point faced financial ruin, also suffering from the strong rivalry of many mining and steam engineers of the day. During the prime of his career, he was a well-respected and known figure in mining and engineering, but near the end of his life he fell out of the public eye.", "Q5413854": "Eurotowns is a network of medium-sized European cities with a population between 50,000 and 250,000 inhabitants. The organisation was founded in 1991. Its members include Detmold, Eskilstuna, G\u00e4vle, Girona, Haarlem, Halmstad, Hasselt, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Manresa, M\u00f6lndal, Reggio Emilia, Roeselare, Sabadell, Schiedam, Sindelfingen, Solingen, Ulm, and Varberg.", "Q1773351": "Samuel Delucenna Ingham (September 16, 1779 \u2013 June 5, 1860) was a US Representative and then, under President Andrew Jackson, US Treasury Secretary.", "Q313443": "Alfr\u00e9d Haj\u00f3s (1 February 1878 \u2013 12 November 1955) was a Hungarian swimmer and architect. He was the first modern Olympic swimming champion and the first Olympic champion of Hungary.\nNo other swimmer ever won such a high fraction of all Olympic events at a single Games.\n\n", "Q3177515": "Jerry Zucker (August 24, 1949 \u2013 April 12, 2008) was an Israeli-born American businessman and philanthropist.", "Q163108": "Saint-Malo (UK: , US: , French: [s\u025b\u0303 malo] (listen); Gallo: Saent-Mal\u00f4; Breton: Sant-Malo\u00f9) is a historic French port in Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany on the English Channel coast. \nThe walled city had a long history of piracy, earning much wealth from local extortion and overseas adventures. In 1944, the Allies heavily bombarded Saint-Malo, which was garrisoned by German troops. The city changed into a popular tourist centre, with a ferry terminal serving the Channel Islands of Jersey and Guernsey, as well as the Southern English settlements of Portsmouth, Hampshire and Poole, Dorset.\nThe famous transatlantic single-handed yacht race, Route du Rhum, which takes place every 4 years in Novembers, is between Saint Malo and Point \u00e0 Pitre in Guadeloupe;\n\n", "Q490505": "Hudson County, a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey, lies west of the lower Hudson River, which was named for Henry Hudson, the sea captain who explored the area in 1609. Part of New Jersey's Gateway Region in the New York metropolitan area, Jersey City is its largest city and county seat.As of the 2019 Census estimate, Hudson County was the fastest-growing county in New Jersey compared to 2010; the county's population was 672,391, making it the state's 4th-most populous county, an increase of 9.0% from the 2010 United States Census, when its population was enumerated at 634,266, in turn an increase of 25,291 (+4.2%) from the 608,975 enumerated in the 2000 Census. Hudson County is the fourth-most populous county in the state. Hudson County is the geographically smallest and most densely populated county in New Jersey and the sixth-most densely populated county in the United States with 13,731.4 residents per square mile of total area in 2010, and 14,973.9 per square mile in 2017.", "Q537976": "Lili Zografou (/z\u0252\u02c8\u0263r\u0251\u02d0f\u028a/; Greek: \u039b\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae \u0396\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5; June 17, 1922 \u2013 October 2, 1998) was a Greek journalist, novelist, dramatist, essayist, and political activist, best known for Nikos Kazantzakis: enas traghikos, her \"destructive critique\" of the work of Nikos Kazantzakis, published in 1959, three years after his death.Zografou was an ardent supporter of women's rights; in her books, she particularly examined the status of women in Greek society of the second half of the 20th century. Her work's main themes include personal freedom, freedom of speech, sexual violence and sexual liberation. \nDuring Greece's Axis occupation, Zografou joined the Greek Resistance against the Nazis; she was imprisoned while pregnant and gave birth inside the jail. Zografou openly criticised the Greek military junta of 1967-1973; her book Epangelma Porni (Occupation Whore) was a scathing testimony exposing the oppressiveness of the Colonels' Regime. \nCommenting on her literary autobiography I Syvaritissa (The Sybarite), Demosthenis Kourtovik, a Greek literary critic and writer, characterised Zografou as \"the gloomy Goddess Hecate of Greek literature\".", "Q85463": "Walter Kappacher (born 24 October 1938 in Salzburg) is an Austrian writer. In 2009 he was awarded the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize for his literary oeuvre.", "Q190080": "Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) is a private research university based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1900 by Andrew Carnegie as the Carnegie Technical Schools, the university became the Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1912 and began granting four-year degrees. In 1967, the Carnegie Institute of Technology merged with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research to form Carnegie Mellon University. With its main campus located 3 miles (5 km) from Downtown Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon has grown into an international university with over a dozen degree-granting locations in six continents, including campuses in Qatar and Silicon Valley, and more than 20 research partnerships.The university has seven colleges and independent schools, all of which offer interdisciplinary programs: the College of Engineering, College of Fine Arts, Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Mellon College of Science, Tepper School of Business, H. John Heinz III College of Information Systems and Public Policy, and the School of Computer Science.Carnegie Mellon counts 13,961 students from 109 countries, over 105,000 living alumni, and over 5,000 faculty and staff. Past and present faculty and alumni include 20 Nobel Prize laureates, 13 Turing Award winners, 23 Members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 22 Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 79 Members of the National Academies, 124 Emmy Award winners, 47 Tony Award laureates, and 10 Academy Award winners.", "Q79800": "The Argentina national football team (Spanish: Selecci\u00f3n de f\u00fatbol de Argentina) represents Argentina in men's international football and is administered by the Argentine Football Association. Argentina's home stadium is Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti in Buenos Aires.\nLa Selecci\u00f3n (national team), also known as the La Albiceleste, has appeared in five World Cup finals, including the first final in 1930, which they lost 4\u20132 to Uruguay. Argentina won in their next final appearance in 1978, beating the Netherlands at extra time, 3\u20131. Argentina won again in 1986, through a 3\u20132 victory over West Germany, and a tournament campaign led by Diego Maradona. They made the World Cup finals once more in 1990, and lost 1\u20130 to West Germany following a controversial penalty call in the 87th minute. Argentina, led by Lionel Messi, made their fifth appearance in a World Cup final in 2014, again losing to Germany, 1\u20130 during extra-time. Argentina's World Cup winning managers are C\u00e9sar Luis Menotti in 1978 and Carlos Bilardo in 1986.\nArgentina has been very successful in the Copa Am\u00e9rica, winning it 14 times, being second only to Uruguay in Copa Am\u00e9rica victories. The team also won the 1992 King Fahd Cup and the 1993 Artemio Franchi Trophy. The Argentine olympic team won the Olympics football tournaments in Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008.Argentina, Brazil and France are the only national teams that have won the three most important men's titles recognized by FIFA: the World Cup, the Confederations Cup, and the Olympic tournament. They have also won their respective continental championship (Copa Am\u00e9rica for Argentina and Brazil and UEFA European Championship for France).Argentina is known for having rivalries with Brazil, Uruguay, England, and Germany due to particular occurrences with one another throughout football history.", "Q541638": "Lubna Suliman Olayan (born August 4, 1955) (Arabic: \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 ) is a Saudi business woman. Born to Sulaiman Olayan and Maryam bint Jassim Al Abdulwahab, Olayan was listed as one of the top 100 most influential people of 2005 by Time magazine, and continued to be on the Forbes list of most powerful women till 2011 and returned to the list in 2014. In 2004, Olayan was the first woman in Saudi history to deliver an opening keynote address at a major conference in Saudi Arabia; at the Jeddah Economic Forum.\n\n", "Q452650": "Christopher Fairbank (born 4 October 1953) is an English film, stage and television actor. He played Moxey in the comedy-drama series Auf Wiedersehen, Pet.", "Q211526": "The Byrds were an American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964. The band underwent multiple lineup changes throughout its existence, with frontman Roger McGuinn (known as Jim McGuinn until mid-1967) remaining the sole consistent member. Although they only managed to attain the huge commercial success of contemporaries like the Beatles, the Beach Boys, and the Rolling Stones for a short period in the mid-1960s, the Byrds are today considered by critics to be nearly as influential as those bands. Their signature blend of clear harmony singing and McGuinn's jangly twelve-string Rickenbacker guitar was \"absorbed into the vocabulary of rock\" and has continued to be influential.Initially, the band pioneered the musical genre of folk rock as a popular format in 1965, by melding the influence of the Beatles and other British Invasion bands with contemporary and traditional folk music on their first and second albums, and the hit singles \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" and \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\". As the 1960s progressed, the band was influential in originating psychedelic rock and raga rock, with their song \"Eight Miles High\" and the albums Fifth Dimension (1966), Younger Than Yesterday (1967) and The Notorious Byrd Brothers (1968). They also played a pioneering role in the development of country rock, with the 1968 album Sweetheart of the Rodeo representing their fullest immersion into the genre.The original five-piece lineup of the Byrds consisted of Jim McGuinn (lead guitar, vocals), Gene Clark (tambourine, vocals), David Crosby (rhythm guitar, vocals), Chris Hillman (bass guitar, vocals), and Michael Clarke (drums). This version of the band was relatively short-lived; by early 1966, Clark had left due to problems associated with anxiety and his increasing isolation within the group. The Byrds continued as a quartet until late 1967, when Crosby and Clarke also departed. McGuinn and Hillman decided to recruit new members, including country rock pioneer Gram Parsons, but by late 1968, Hillman and Parsons had also exited the band. McGuinn elected to rebuild the band's membership; between 1968 and 1973, he helmed a new incarnation of the Byrds that featured guitarist Clarence White, among others. McGuinn disbanded the then-current lineup in early 1973 to make way for a reunion of the original quintet. The Byrds' final album was released in March 1973, with the reunited group disbanding later that year.Several former members of the band went on to successful careers of their own, either as solo artists or as members of such groups as Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, the Flying Burrito Brothers and the Desert Rose Band. In 1991, the Byrds were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, an occasion that saw the five original members performing together for the last time. Gene Clark died of a heart attack later that year, while Michael Clarke died of liver failure in 1993. McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman remain active.", "Q48405": "Han Zheng (Chinese: \u97e9\u6b63; pinyin: H\u00e1n Zh\u00e8ng; born April 1954) is a Chinese politician serving as Vice Premier of the State Council and Politburo Standing Committee member of the Communist Party of China. He served as Mayor of Shanghai between 2003 and 2012. In November 2012, he was promoted to become the Party Secretary of Shanghai, the top political post in the city, and also gained a seat on the Politburo. Han was once considered a member of the Shanghai clique, headed by former Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin.", "Q1074117": "Renmin University of China, often referred to as RUC (simplified Chinese: \u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66; traditional Chinese: \u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b78; pinyin: Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 R\u00e9nm\u00edn D\u00e0xu\u00e9), or colloquially Renda (Chinese: \u4eba\u5927; pinyin: R\u00e9nd\u00e0), is a research university located in Haidian District of Beijing. Founded by the Communist Party of China, RUC is classified as a Class A university under the Double First Class University Plan and is generally considered one of the premier universities in the country.", "Q112929": "Marlen Haushofer n\u00e9e Marie Helene Frauendorfer (11 April 1920 \u2013 21 March 1970) was an Austrian author, most famous for her novel The Wall.", "Q104193": "Gert Haller (30 April 1944; T\u00fcbingen - 11 April 2010; Bremen) was a German manager, politician and lobbyist of the Austrian financial group W\u00fcstenrot & W\u00fcrttembergische AG. He died after a short serious illness aged 65.", "Q60389": "Johannes Althusius (1557 \u2013 August 12, 1638) was a German jurist and Calvinist political philosopher.\nHe is best known for his 1603 work, \"Politica Methodice Digesta, Atque Exemplis Sacris et Profanis Illustrata\". revised editions were published in 1610 and 1614. The ideas expressed therein relate to the early development of federalism in the 16th and 17th centuries and the construction of subsidiarity.", "Q546157": "Jacques Antoine (14 March 1924 \u2013 14 September 2012) was a French creator and producer of game shows. His most famous creations include Treasure Hunt, Interceptor, Fort Boyard and The Crystal Maze.", "Q66920": "Michael Hesemann (born March 22, 1964 in D\u00fcsseldorf) is a German journalist and author. In the late 1980s he became known in Germany as an author of several books on UFOs and extraterrestrial visitors on Earth. Later in his career he turned to topics related to Catholicism.", "Q217627": "The Graduate is a 1967 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Mike Nichols and written by Buck Henry and Calder Willingham, based on the 1963 novel of the same name by Charles Webb, who wrote it shortly after graduating from Williams College. The film tells the story of 21-year-old Benjamin Braddock (Dustin Hoffman), a recent college graduate with no well-defined aim in life, who is seduced by an older woman, Mrs. Robinson (Anne Bancroft), and then falls in love with her daughter Elaine (Katharine Ross).\nThe film was released on December 22, 1967, received positive reviews and grossed $104.9 million in the U.S. and Canada. With the figures adjusted for inflation, the film's gross is $805 million, making it the 23rd highest-ever grossing film in the U.S. and Canada. It won the Academy Award for Best Director and was nominated in six other categories. In 1996, The Graduate was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" Initially, the film was placed at No.7 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies list in 1998. When AFI revised the list in 2007, the film was moved to No.17.", "Q1586174": "Harrington Emerson (August 2, 1853 \u2013 September 2, 1931) was an American efficiency engineer and business theorist, who founded the management consultancy firm Emerson Institute in New York City in 1900. Known for his pioneering contributions to scientific management, Emerson may have done more than anyone else to popularize the topic: his public testimony in 1910 to the Interstate Commerce Commission that the railroads could save $1,000,000 a day started a nationwide interest in the subject of \"efficiency\".\n\n", "Q132351": "The Usual Suspects is a 1995 neo-noir mystery film directed by Bryan Singer and written by Christopher McQuarrie. It stars Stephen Baldwin, Gabriel Byrne, Benicio del Toro, Kevin Pollak, Chazz Palminteri, Pete Postlethwaite, and Kevin Spacey.\nThe plot follows the interrogation of Roger \"Verbal\" Kint, a small-time con man, who is one of only two survivors of a massacre and fire on a ship docked at the Port of Los Angeles. Through flashback and narration, Kint tells an interrogator a convoluted story of events that led him and his criminal companions to the boat, and of a mysterious crime lord\u2014known as Keyser S\u00f6ze\u2014who controlled them. The film was shot on a $6 million budget and began as a title taken from a column in Spy magazine called The Usual Suspects, after one of Claude Rains' most memorable lines in the classic film Casablanca, and Singer thought that it would make a good title for a film.\nThe film was shown out of competition at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival, and then initially released in a few theaters. It received favorable reviews and was eventually given a wider release. McQuarrie won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and Spacey won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance. The Writers Guild of America ranked the film as having the 35th greatest screenplay of all time.\n\n", "Q550045": "Esther Denise \"Woj\" Hochman Wojcicki ( wuu-CHITS-kee) is an American journalist, educator, and vice chair of the Creative Commons advisory council. Wojcicki has studied education and technology. She is the founder of the Palo Alto High School Media Arts Program in Palo Alto, CA.", "Q981929": "Rifa'a al-Tahtawi (also spelt Tahtawy; Arabic: \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u200e, ALA-LC: Rif\u0101\u2018ah R\u0101fi\u2018 al-\u1e6cah\u1e6d\u0101w\u012b; 1801\u20131873) was an Egyptian writer, teacher, translator, Egyptologist and renaissance intellectual. Tahtawi was among the first Egyptian scholars to write about Western cultures in an attempt to bring about a reconciliation and an understanding between Islamic and Christian civilizations. He founded the School of Languages in 1835 and was influential in the development of science, law, literature and Egyptology in 19th-century Egypt. His work influenced that of many later scholars including Muhammad Abduh.\n\n", "Q41437": "Stanis\u0142aw Antoni Szczuka h. Grabie [\u02c8\u0282t\u0361\u0282uka] (1652 or 1654 \u2013 May 19, 1710) was a Polish noble (szlachcic), talented politician and political writer.\nSon of a serviceman Stanis\u0142aw Szczuka h. Grabie and Zofia Szpilewska z Neronowicz\u00f3w. He married Konstancja Maria Anna Potocka h. Pi\u0142awa on February 6, 1695, the daughter of starost of Jan\u00f3w Bogus\u0142aw Potocki h. Pi\u0142awa.\nHe was a Recorder of the Crown in 1688, deputy of Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth in Ducal Prussia in 1690, Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania from 1699.\nSzczuka was born to a middle-class szlachta family and educated in Wilno and Krak\u00f3w. Because of his own ability and hard work he achieved high offices in the Republic. He began his political and career as secretary of King Jan III Sobieski. In 1696 he became an adviser to August II.\nIn 1706 he changed sides and became a supporter of Stanis\u0142aw Leszczy\u0144ski.\nHe was a notable political writer and Sejm orator. He also proposed the opening of public schools free of charge.\nAs Sejm Marshal he led the extraordinary Sejm on November 17, 1688 \u2013 April 1, 1689 and the pacification Sejm on June 16\u201330, 1699 in Warsaw.\nHe died on May 19, 1710 in Warsaw and was buried in Szczuczyn.", "Q112081": "Archduke Wilhelm Franz of Austria, later Wilhelm Franz von Habsburg-Lothringen (10 February 1895 \u2013 18 August 1948), also known as Vasyl Vyshyvani (Ukrainian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0412\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, romanized: Vasyl Vyshyvani), was an Austrian archduke, a colonel of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, and a poet.", "Q164117": "Armin Mueller-Stahl (born 17 December 1930) is a German film actor, painter and author. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Shine.", "Q816499": "Ben Michael Goldacre (born 20 May 1974) is a British physician, academic and science writer. As of March 2015, he is a senior clinical research fellow at the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, part of the University of Oxford's Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences. He is a founder of the AllTrials campaign and OpenTrials to require open science practices in clinical trials.Goldacre is known in particular for his Bad Science column in The Guardian, which he wrote between 2003 and 2011, and is the author of four books: Bad Science (2008), a critique of irrationality and certain forms of alternative medicine; Bad Pharma (2012), an examination of the pharmaceutical industry, its publishing and marketing practices, and its relationship with the medical profession; I Think You'll Find It's a Bit More Complicated Than That, a collection of his journalism; and Statins, about evidence-based medicine. Goldacre frequently delivers free talks about bad science\u2014he describes himself as a \"nerd evangelist\".", "Q241461": "Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u010cerm\u00e1k (born February 8, 1943 in Ostrava) is a Czech engineer and rector of V\u0160B \u2013 Technical University of Ostrava (V\u0160B-TUO).", "Q558419": "G\u00e9za Ottlik (9 May 1912 \u2013 9 October 1990) was a Hungarian writer, translator, mathematician, and bridge theorist. According to an American obituary bridge column, he was known in Hungary as \"the ultimate authority on Hungarian prose\".", "Q66088": "Reinhard Bonnke (19 April 1940 \u2013 7 December 2019) was a German-American Pentecostal evangelist, principally known for his gospel missions throughout Africa. Bonnke had been an evangelist and missionary in Africa since 1967.", "Q172775": "Jody David Scheckter (born 29 January 1950) is a South African former motor racing driver. He competed in Formula One from 1972 to 1980, winning the Drivers' Championship in 1979 with Ferrari. Scheckter remains the only driver from the continent of Africa to ever win the Formula One World Championship.", "Q153963": "German East Africa (German: Deutsch-Ostafrika) (GEA) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, and the mainland part of Tanzania. GEA's area was 994,996 square kilometres (384,170 sq mi), which was nearly three times the area of present-day Germany, and double the area of metropolitan Germany then.\nThe colony was organised when the German military was asked in the late 1880s to put down a revolt against the activities of the German East Africa Company. It ended with Imperial Germany's defeat in World War I. Ultimately, GEA was divided between Britain, Belgium and Portugal and was reorganised as a mandate of the League of Nations.", "Q288661": "Anita Stewart (February 7, 1895 \u2013 May 4, 1961) was an American actress and film producer of the early silent film era.", "Q97717": "Helmut Markwort (born 8 December 1936 in Darmstadt) is a German journalist and from 1993 till 2010 Editor-in-Chief of the weekly newsmagazine Focus. He is a member of the Landtag of Bavaria, the state diet of bavaria for the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany.", "Q514607": "Asmawi bin Ani (born 25 August 1981), better known by his stage name Mawi, is a Malaysian singer and winner of the Third Season of Malaysia's popular reality show, Akademi Fantasia. His father is a blacksmith in his hometown of Kulai.Apart from singing, he is currently testing his skills in acting and performing magic acts. He is also a budding businessman.", "Q3236281": "Jeffrey Peterson (born October 11, 1972 in Santa Barbara, California) is an American technology entrepreneur and California born millionaire who is considered the pioneer of Hispanic internet in the United States. He is best known as the founder of Quepasa, the first Latin American online community to go public and trade on a stock exchange in the early dot-com internet era of the late 1990s. In 2012, Quepasa changed its corporate name to MeetMe and continued trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market under ticker symbol NASDAQ: MEET. MeetMe subsequently acquired the Skout, if(we), Tagged, and hi5 social networks and internet brands. As of mid 2018, renamed parent company the Meet Group had a market value of about U.S. $300 million.\n\n", "Q326388": "Rafael del Pino y Moreno (and family) (born 10 November 1920 in Madrid, Spain; died 14 June 2008 in Madrid) was one of the wealthiest men in Europe. He had a net worth of approximately 8.6 billion US dollars in 2007. Del Pino founded the construction company Ferrovial in 1952, which became one of Spain's largest builders. He stepped down as President of Ferrovial in 2000, passing on the position to his son, Rafael del Pino Calvo-Sotelo, who now heads the business. He held an MBA from the MIT Sloan School of Management. In 2000 he founded the Fundaci\u00f3n Rafael del Pino with the mission of developing future leaders. He is also member of IESE's International Advisory Board (IAB).", "Q128309": "A drum kit \u2014 also called a drum set, trap set (an abbreviation of the word, \"contraption\"), or simply drums \u2014 is a collection of drums and other percussion instruments, typically cymbals, which are set up on stands to be played by a single player, with drumsticks held in both hands, and the feet operating pedals that control the hi-hat cymbal and the beater for the bass drum. A drum kit consists of a mix of drums (categorized classically as membranophones, Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 2) and idiophones \u2013 most significantly cymbals, but can also include the woodblock and cowbell (classified as Hornbostel-Sachs high-level classification 1). In the 2000s, some kits also include electronic instruments (Hornbostel-Sachs classification 53). Also, both hybrid (mixing acoustic instruments and electronic drums) and entirely electronic kits are used.\nA standard modern kit (for a right-handed player), as used in popular music and taught in music schools, contains:\n\nA snare drum, mounted on a stand, placed between the player's knees and played with drum sticks (which may include rutes or brushes)\nA bass drum, played by a pedal operated by the right foot, which moves a felt-covered beater\nOne or more toms, played with sticks or brushes (usually three toms: rack tom 1 and 2, and floor tom)\nA hi-hat (two cymbals mounted on a stand), played with the sticks, opened and closed with left foot pedal (it can also produce sound with the foot alone)\nOne or more cymbals, mounted on stands, played with the sticksAll of these are classified as non-pitched percussion, allowing the music to be scored using percussion notation, for which a loose semi-standardized form exists for both the drum kit and electronic drums. The drum kit is usually played while seated on a stool known as a throne. While many instruments like the guitar or piano are capable of performing melodies and chords, most drum kits are unable to achieve this as they produce sounds of indeterminate pitch. The drum kit is a part of the standard rhythm section, used in many types of popular and traditional music styles, ranging from rock and pop to blues and jazz. Other standard instruments used in the rhythm section include the piano, electric guitar, electric bass, and keyboards.\n\nMany drummers extend their kits from this basic configuration, adding more drums, more cymbals, and many other instruments including pitched percussion. In some styles of music, particular extensions are normal. For example, some rock and heavy metal drummers make use of double bass drums, which can be achieved with either a second bass drum or a remote double foot pedal. Some progressive drummers may include orchestral percussion such as gongs and tubular bells in their rig. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, play small kits that omit elements from the basic setup.", "Q45889": "Antara Mali (born 20 October 1975) is an Indian actress, director, and screenwriter, who predominantly works in Bollywood films, and has also acted in a Malayalam and Telugu film.", "Q319178": "Adventure in Vienna (German: Abenteuer in Wien) is a 1952 Austrian crime thriller film directed by Emil E. Reinert and starring Gustav Fr\u00f6hlich, Cornell Borchers and Adrienne Gessner. It is an adaptation of the 1933 novel I Was Jack Mortimer by Alexander Lernet-Holenia. A separate English-language version Stolen Identity was also produced.\nThe film's sets were designed by the art directors Fritz J\u00fcptner-Jonstorff and Fritz Moegle. It was shot at the Sch\u00f6nbrunn Studios in Vienna and on location across the city. The costumes were designed by Nadja Tiller, better known as an actress.\nThe story takes place over New Year's Eve in Vienna where a taxi driver without papers is tempted to assume the identity of another man.", "Q14378": "Neoclassicism (also spelled Neo-classicism; from Greek \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 n\u00e8os, \"new\" and Greek \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 klasik\u03ccs, \"of the highest rank\") was a Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity. Neoclassicism was born in Rome largely thanks to the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann, at the time of the rediscovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum, but its popularity spread all over Europe as a generation of European art students finished their Grand Tour and returned from Italy to their home countries with newly rediscovered Greco-Roman ideals. The main Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18th-century Age of Enlightenment, and continued into the early 19th century, laterally competing with Romanticism. In architecture, the style continued throughout the 19th, 20th and up to the 21st century.\nEuropean Neoclassicism in the visual arts began c. 1760 in opposition to the then-dominant Rococo style. Rococo architecture emphasizes grace, ornamentation and asymmetry; Neoclassical architecture is based on the principles of simplicity and symmetry, which were seen as virtues of the arts of Rome and Ancient Greece, and were more immediately drawn from 16th-century Renaissance Classicism. Each \"neo\"-classicism selects some models among the range of possible classics that are available to it, and ignores others. The Neoclassical writers and talkers, patrons and collectors, artists and sculptors of 1765\u20131830 paid homage to an idea of the generation of Phidias, but the sculpture examples they actually embraced were more likely to be Roman copies of Hellenistic sculptures. They ignored both Archaic Greek art and the works of Late Antiquity. The \"Rococo\" art of ancient Palmyra came as a revelation, through engravings in Wood's The Ruins of Palmyra. Even Greece was all-but-unvisited, a rough backwater of the Ottoman Empire, dangerous to explore, so Neoclassicists' appreciation of Greek architecture was mediated through drawings and engravings, which subtly smoothed and regularized, \"corrected\" and \"restored\" the monuments of Greece, not always consciously.\nThe Empire style, a second phase of Neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts, had its cultural centre in Paris in the Napoleonic era.", "Q184785": "Anne Rice (born Howard Allen Frances O'Brien, October 4, 1941) is an American author of gothic fiction, Christian literature, and erotic literature.\nShe is perhaps best known for her series of novels, The Vampire Chronicles, revolving around the central character of Lestat. Books from The Vampire Chronicles were the subject of two film adaptations, Interview with the Vampire in 1994, and Queen of the Damned in 2002.\nBorn in New Orleans, Rice spent much of her early life there before moving to Texas, and later to San Francisco. She was raised in an observant Catholic family, but became an agnostic as a young adult. She began her professional writing career with the publication of Interview with the Vampire in 1976, while living in California, and began writing sequels to the novel in the 1980s. In the mid-2000s, following a publicized return to Catholicism, Rice published the novels Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt and Christ the Lord: The Road to Cana, fictionalized accounts of certain incidents in the life of Jesus. Several years later she distanced herself from organized Christianity, citing disagreement with the Church's stances on social issues but pledging that faith in God remained \"central to [her] life.\" However, she now considers herself a secular humanist.Rice's books have sold nearly 100 million copies, placing her among the most popular authors in recent American history. While reaction to her early works was initially mixed, she became more popular with critics and readers in the 1980s. Her writing style and the literary content of her works have been analyzed by literary commentators. She was married to poet and painter Stan Rice for 41 years, from 1961 until his death from brain cancer in 2002 at age 60. She and Stan had two children, Michele, who died of leukemia at age five, and Christopher, who is also an author.\nIn addition to her vampire novels, Rice has authored books such as The Feast of All Saints (adapted for television in 2001) and Servant of the Bones, which formed the basis of a 2011 comic book miniseries. Several books from The Vampire Chronicles have been adapted as comics and manga by various publishers. Rice has also authored erotic fiction under the pen names Anne Rampling and A. N. Roquelaure, including Exit to Eden, which was later adapted into a 1994 film.", "Q1646": "Fran\u00e7oise Sagan (born Fran\u00e7oise Quoirez; 21 June 1935 \u2013 24 September 2004) was a French playwright, novelist, and screenwriter. Sagan was known for works with strong romantic themes involving wealthy and disillusioned bourgeois characters. Her best-known novel was her first \u2013 Bonjour Tristesse (1954) \u2013 which was written when she was a teenager.", "Q91366": "Heinrich Hencky (2 November 1885 \u2013 6 July 1951) was a German engineer.\nBorn in Ansbach, he studied civil engineering in Munich and received his PhD from the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt. In 1913, he joined a railway company in Kharkiv, Ukraine. On the outbreak of World War I he was interned. After the war he taught at Darmstadt, Dresden and at Delft in the Netherlands.\nAt Delft University of Technology he worked on slip-line theory, plasticity and rheology, for which he is best known.\nIn 1930 he went to Massachusetts Institute of Technology and in 1931 gave one of the first lectures on rheology. He returned to Delft and then to Germany. In 1936 he went to Russia, teaching at Kharkiv and Moscow.\nHencky died in a climbing accident at the age of 65.", "Q160371": "Sir James Galway, (born 8 December 1939) is an Irish virtuoso flute player from Belfast, nicknamed \"The Man with the Golden Flute\". He established an international career as a solo flute player. In 2005, he received the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music at the Classic Brit Awards.", "Q111588": "Robert Low Bacon (July 23, 1884 \u2013 September 12, 1938) was an American politician, a banker and military officer. He served as a congressman from New York from 1923 until his death in 1938. He is known as one of the authors of the Davis\u2013Bacon Act of 1931, which regulates wages for employees on federal projects.", "Q723007": "Cody Reed Kasch (born August 21, 1987) is an American actor. He is known for his role of Zach Young on the ABC comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives.", "Q212987": "Choisy-le-Roi is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France.", "Q64847": "Thundorf (pronounced [\u02c8tu\u02d0nd\u0254rf], in the local dialect [\u02c8tu\u0259nd\u0254rf\u02d0] or [\u02c8tu\u0259nd\u0259r\u0259f\u02d0]) is a municipality in the district of district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.\nThe village of Thundorf lies on a plateau above Frauenfeld. In 1995, the communal territory was enlarged to the east, when Wetzikon and Lustdorf, the latter of which until then was autonomous, were joined to it.", "Q723761": "Alonso Cueto Caballero (born 1954 in Lima, Peru) is a Peruvian author, university professor and newspaper columnist. \nHis writing career has spanned nearly four decades, during which he has produced dozens of works of fiction, articles and essays. He has won numerous accolades for his work, and several of his novels have been adapted for film. \nOccupation: Writer, professor\nNationality: Peruvian\nGenre: Novel, short story, essay, drama\nNotable works: La hora azul, El susurro de la mujer ballena, La viajera del viento, Grandes miradas\n\n", "Q234798": "Imelda Mary Philomena Bernadette Staunton, (born 9 January 1956) is an English stage and screen actress. After training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Staunton began her career in repertory theatre in the 1970s before appearing in various theatres in the UK. \nStaunton has since performed in a variety of plays and musicals in London, winning four Olivier Awards; three for Best Actress in a Musical for her roles as the Baker's Wife in Into the Woods (1991), Mrs. Lovett in Sweeney Todd (2013) and Madame Rose in Gypsy (2016), and one for Best Supporting Performance for her work in both A Chorus of Disapproval (1985) and The Corn is Green (1985). Her appearances on stage in The Beggar's Opera (1982), The Wizard of Oz (1987), Uncle Vanya (1988), Guys and Dolls (1996), Entertaining Mr Sloane (2009) and Good People (2014) also earned her Olivier nominations. Staunton has been nominated for 13 Olivier Awards.\nStaunton drew critical acclaim for her performance in the title role in the 2004 film Vera Drake, for which she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and the Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup for Best Actress in addition to being nominated for the Academy Award, the Golden Globe and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress. Her other film roles include Mrs. Blatherwick in Nanny McPhee (2005), Dolores Umbridge in two of the Harry Potter films (2007\u20132010) and Hefina Headon in Pride (2014), for which she received a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.\nOn television, she starred in the sitcoms Up the Garden Path (1990\u20131993) and Is it Legal? (1995\u20131998). Her performance in My Family and Other Animals (2005) earned her a nomination for the International Emmy Award for Best Actress, while her roles in Return to Cranford (2009) and The Girl (2012) earned her BAFTA TV Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress. For the latter, she was also nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie.", "Q2857384": "Antonio Orozco (born 23 November 1972 in Barcelona) is a Spanish singer-songwriter.The son of a Sevillian working-class couple, he spent his childhood in Hospitalet de Llobregat. When he was 15 years old, he bought his first guitar and started to compose songs. He has won several prizes like the Premio Ondas and sold lots of records; his first album sold more than 100,000 copies, whereas his second album titled Semilla del Silencio sold over 300,000 copies.\nIn 2005, he released a self-titled album Antonio Orozco, which was a compilation of his best songs (twelve in total) that eventually propelled him into stardom outside Spain, mainly in Latin America. Some of his better known songs include: \"Te Esperar\u00e9\" and \"D\u00e9jame\".\nHe is known as well because of his duets with Lucie Silvas (What You're Made Of) and Mal\u00fa (Devu\u00e9lveme la vida).\nAntonio Orozco was born on 23 November 1972 and raised in Barcelona, Spain by a working-class family. During a trip at the age of 15 to Triana, Sevilla, Orozco was exposed to the music that would change his life forever. His family, originally Sevillian, had roots in the region and its music: flamenco. His family soon relocated to Osuma, in Sevilla, a town known for its vibrant music community. Orozco took up flamenco guitar and began accompanying vocalists as a hobby. In time, his talent for songwriting bubbled to the surface, and he began performing professionally. Playing in bars and train stations, Orozco came to know pianist/producer Xavi P\u00e9rez, who inspired him to record his own material. In the year 2000 he released his first solo disc, Un Reloj y una Vela, which Perez produced alongside Tato Latorre. Impressively, the record sold over 100,000 copies. Semilla de Silencio was released in 2001. It was also produced by P\u00e9rez and Latorre, and sold three times as many copies as its predecessor. The 2004 release of his third work, El Principio del Comienzo, produced similar results. His breakout success won him opportunities to perform in the U.S. and all over Latin America. In 2005 Orozco was asked to tour with Juanes on his tour of the Americas, which made possible his live concert DVD, Antonio Orozco\u2014Tour Edition. Orozco's 2006 release, Cadizfornia, made it onto Billboard's Top 100 European Albums chart.", "Q192859": "Etterbeek (French: [\u025bt\u0259\u0281bek]; Dutch: [\u02c8\u025bt\u0259r\u02ccbe\u02d0k] (listen)) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium). It neighbours the municipalities of Auderghem, the City of Brussels, Ixelles, Schaerbeek, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert and Woluwe-Saint-Pierre. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French\u2013Dutch).\nThe main university campus of Vrije Universiteit Brussel is called Campus Etterbeek, although it is geographically not within Etterbeek but in the adjacent municipality of Ixelles.", "Q117847": "Niklaus Leuenberger (c. 1615 \u2013 27 August 1653) was a leader of the Swiss peasant war of 1653.\nHe signed the Treaty of Mellingen along with Christian Schybi on 4 June 1653.\nAfter the defeat of the peasants at Herzogenbuchsee in the same month, he was delivered to the Bernese authorities. He was executed by decapitation and drawn and quartered on 27 August. His head was nailed to the gallows, and the four parts of his body exhibited on the four highways out Bern.\nIn 1903, on the 250th anniversary of his death, a monument was erected to him in the Emmental municipality of Ruderswil.", "Q13371": "Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with about 6,800 undergraduate students and about 14,000 postgraduate students. Established in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, clergyman John Harvard, Harvard is the United States' oldest institution of higher learning. Its history, influence, wealth, and academic reputation have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world.The Massachusetts Great and General Court authorized Harvard's founding. In its early years, Harvard College primarily trained Congregational and Unitarian clergy, although it has never been formally affiliated with any denomination. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century, and by the 19th century, Harvard had emerged as the central cultural establishment among Boston elites. Following the American Civil War, President Charles W. Eliot's long tenure (1869\u20131909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900.A. Lawrence Lowell, who succeeded Eliot, further reformed the undergraduate curriculum and undertook aggressive expansion of Harvard's land holdings and physical campus. James Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II; he began to liberalize admissions after the war.\nThe university is composed of eleven principal academic units\u2014ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study\u2014with campuses throughout Greater Boston: its 209-acre (85 ha) original undergraduate campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, approximately 3 miles (5 km) northwest of Boston; the business school and many athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are across the Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston; and the medical, dental, and public health schools are in the Longwood Medical Area. Harvard's endowment is worth $40.9 billion, making it the largest of any academic institution.\nHarvard is a large, highly residential research university. While the nominal cost of attendance is high, the university's sizeable endowment allows it to offer generous, no-loan financial aid packages and use need-blind admission. The Harvard Library is the world's largest academic library system, comprising 79 individual libraries holding about 20.4 million items.Harvard's alumni include 8 U.S. presidents, more than 30 foreign heads of state, 188 living billionaires, 369 Rhodes Scholars, and 252 Marshall Scholars. As of March 2020, 160 Nobel laureates, 18 Fields Medalists, and 14 Turing Award winners have been affiliated as students, faculty, or researchers. In addition, Harvard students and alumni have won 10 Academy Awards, 48 Pulitzer Prizes, and 108 Olympic medals (46 gold, 41 silver, and 21 bronze), and founded many notable companies worldwide.", "Q356109": "Nicholas Scott Lachey, ( l\u0259-SHAY; born November 9, 1973) is an American actor, singer, and television personality and host. He rose to fame as the lead singer of the multi-platinum-selling boyband 98 Degrees, and later starred in the reality series Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica with his then-wife, Jessica Simpson. He has released four solo albums: SoulO, What's Left of Me, A Father's Lullaby, and Soundtrack of My Life. He also had a recurring role on the television series Charmed. He hosted NBC's The Sing-Off, co-hosted VH1's Big Morning Buzz Live from 2014 to 2015, and now hosts Nickelodeon's America's Most Musical Family, and co-hosts the Netflix show Love is Blind with his wife Vanessa Lachey.", "Q977067": "Troy Andrews (born January 2, 1986), also known by the stage name Trombone Shorty, is an American musician, producer, actor and philanthropist from New Orleans, Louisiana. He is best known as a trombone and trumpet player but also plays drums, organ, and tuba. He has worked with some of the biggest names in rock, pop, jazz, funk, and hip hop. Andrews is the younger brother of trumpeter and bandleader James Andrews and the grandson of singer and songwriter Jessie Hill. Other musical family members are cousins Glen David Andrews and the late Travis \"Trumpet Black\" Hill. Andrews began playing trombone at age four, and since 2009 has toured with his own band, Trombone Shorty & Orleans Avenue.", "Q127984": "Jean Lorrain (9 August 1855 in F\u00e9camp, Seine-Maritime \u2013 30 June 1906), born Paul Alexandre Martin Duval, was a French poet and novelist of the Symbolist school.\nLorrain was a dedicated disciple of dandyism and spent much of his time amongst the fashionable artistic circles in France, particularly in the caf\u00e9s and bars of Montmartre.He contributed to the satirical weekly Le Courrier fran\u00e7ais, and wrote a number of collections of verse, including La for\u00eat bleue (1883) and L'ombre ardente, (1897). He is also remembered for his Decadent novels and short stories, such as Monsieur de Phocas (1901), Monsieur de Bougrelon (1897), and Histoires des masques (1900), as well as for one of his best stories, Sonyeuse, which he linked to portraits exhibited by Antonio de La G\u00e1ndara in 1893. He also wrote the libretto to Pierre de Br\u00e9ville's opera \u00c9ros vainqueur (1910).\nManuel Orazi Illustrated his Novella Ma petite ville in 1989.Lorrain was openly gay, often citing ancient Greece as noble heritage for homosexuality and became colloquially known as 'The Ambassador from Sodom'.", "Q108967": "Josef Rudnick (25 May 1917 \u2013 14 July 2009) was a German businessman and politician of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.", "Q290990": "Ryouta Murai (\u6751\u4e95 \u826f\u5927, Murai Ry\u014dta) is a Japanese actor best known for his roles as Kojir\u014d (\u5c0f\u6b21\u90ce, Kojir\u014d) in F\u016bma no Kojir\u014d, Kazuya Suzuki (\u9234\u6728 \u4e00\u54c9, Suzuki Kazuya) in Kamen Rider Den-O & Kiva: Climax Deka, Takuya Yano (\u77e2\u91ce \u62d3\u4e5f, Yano Takuya) in Osananajimi (\u5e7c\u306a\u3058\u307f) and Yusuke Onodera (\u5c0f\u91ce\u5bfa \u30e6\u30a6\u30b9\u30b1, Onodera Y\u016bsuke) in Kamen Rider Decade.\n\n", "Q2623752": "J\u00f3zef Henryk Kallenbach (24 November 1861 \u2013 12 September 1929) - a Polish historian of literature.\nKallenbach graduated from the IV Public Male Gymnasium under the name Jan D\u0142ugosz of old-classical type in Lw\u00f3w. He was a professor of Polish literary history at Lw\u00f3w University (since 1904) and Jagiellon University. He was also a professor at the universities in Freiburg, Warsaw, and Wilno, a member of the Akademia Umiej\u0119tno\u015bci, and a director of the Czartoryski Museum and Library in Krak\u00f3w.\nHe lectured about Polish pre-partitions literature and romanticism. During his work in Lw\u00f3w he examined the works of Adam Mickiewicz, Zygmunt Krasi\u0144ski, and Juliusz S\u0142owacki. Some of his most notable works refer to the literature of Old Poland.\nAlthough Kallenbach died in Krak\u00f3w, he was buried on Lychakivskiy Cemetery, as he considered himself tied with Lw\u00f3w.", "Q523915": "Alfredo Jaar is a Chilean-born artist, architect, and filmmaker who lives in New York City. He is mostly known as an installation artist, often incorporating photography and covering socio-political issues and war\u2014the best known perhaps being the 6-year-long The Rwanda Project about the 1994 Rwandan genocide. He has also made numerous public intervention works, like The Skoghall Konsthall one-day paper museum in Sweden, an early electronic billboard intervention A Logo For America, and The Cloud, a performance project on both sides of the Mexico-USA border. He has been featured on Art:21.He is the father of musician and composer Nicolas Jaar.\n\n", "Q543039": "Penelope Houston (born December 17, 1958) is an American singer-songwriter best known as the singer for the San Francisco-based punk rock band the Avengers. She was raised in Seattle. In the mid-1970s she attended Fairhaven College in Bellingham, Washington. In 1977, Houston moved to San Francisco, attended the San Francisco Art Institute, and shortly after became the lead singer and songwriter for the Avengers. That band released one album, their eponymous debut in 1983.\nFollowing the group's demise in 1979, Houston moved first to Los Angeles to work in film and video with The Screamers and director Rene Daalder, then to England where she collaborated with Howard Devoto on his post-Magazine projects. In the mid-1980s, she returned to San Francisco and helped originate the West Coast neo-folk movement. In 1986, she was featured alongside Tomata du Plenty of The Screamers in the punk rock musical Population: 1. By 1996 she had toured Europe extensively, signed with WEA Germany (Warner Brothers) and earned numerous awards with the dozen albums, which blended influences of punk, folk, rock, blues and Americana into her dark unique acoustic sound.\nHer first full-length album was Birdboys which came out in 1987. Her most recent album is 2012's On Market Street.\nShortly after the release of Pale Green Girl, Houston and original guitarist Greg Ingraham recreated the Avengers, adding bassist Joel Reader (formerly of The Mr. T Experience, and The Plus Ones) and drummer Luis Illades (of Pansy Division, formerly also of The Plus Ones) to round out the lineup. Since the spring of 2004 she has toured the U.S. and Europe with this lineup. She continues to play her solo material, mainly in the San Francisco Bay Area.\nIn August 2012, Houston conducted an audio interview with Music Life Radio.", "Q321381": "Abingdon-on-Thames ( AB-ing-d\u0259n), known just as Abingdon between 1974 and 2012, is a historic market town and civil parish in the ceremonial county of Oxfordshire, England. Historically the county town of Berkshire, since 1974 Abingdon has been administered by the Vale of White Horse district within Oxfordshire.\nThe area was occupied from the early to middle Iron Age and the remains of a late Iron Age and Roman defensive enclosure lies below the town centre. Abingdon Abbey was founded around 676, giving its name to the emerging town. In the 13th and 14th centuries, Abingdon was an agricultural centre with an extensive trade in wool, alongside weaving and the manufacture of clothing. Charters for the holding of markets and fairs were granted by various monarchs, from Edward I to George II. The town survived the dissolution of the abbey in 1538, and by the 18th and 19th centuries, with the building of Abingdon Lock in 1790, and Wilts & Berks Canal in 1810, was a key link between major industrial centres such as Bristol, London, Birmingham and the Black Country. In 1856 the Abingdon Railway opened, linking the town with the Great Western Railway at Radley. The Wilts & Berks Canal was abandoned in 1906 but a voluntary trust is now working to restore and re-open it. Abingdon railway station was closed to passengers in September 1963. The line remained open for goods until 1984, including serving the MG car factory, which operated from 1929 to October 1980. Abingdon's brewery, Morland, whose most famous ale, Old Speckled Hen, was named after an early MG car, was taken over and closed down by Greene King Brewery in 1999, with production moving to Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk. The site of the brewery has been redeveloped into housing. The rock band Radiohead formed in 1985 when studying at Abingdon School.\nThe 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 33,130. This is 2,504 more than in the 2001 Census total of 30,626, and represents just over 8% growth in the population.", "Q272915": "Ciara Quinn Bravo (pronounced ; born March 18, 1997) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Katie Knight on Big Time Rush and her role as Emma Chota on Red Band Society.Bravo's work as a voice actress includes Giselita in Open Season 3, Patty in Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown, and Sarah in Special Agent Oso. She has also starred in movies, playing Meg Murphy in Jinxed and Melissa Bing in Swindle.", "Q1259759": "A miniseries (or mini-series) is a television program that tells a story in a predetermined, limited number of episodes. The term \"serial\" is used in the United Kingdom and in other Commonwealth nations, though its meaning does not necessarily equate to \"miniseries\" in its usage.", "Q205545": "Eleftherios Kyriakou Venizelos (Greek: \u0395\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03b6\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, romanized: Elefth\u00e9rios Kyri\u00e1kou Veniz\u00e9los, pronounced [elef\u02c8\u03b8erios cir\u02c8\u029daku veni\u02c8zelos]; 23 August 1864 \u2013 18 March 1936) was a Greek statesman and a prominent leader of the Greek national liberation movement. He is noted for his contribution in the expansion of Greece and promotion of liberal-democratic policies. As leader of the Liberal Party, he was elected eight times as Prime Minister of Greece, serving from 1910 to 1920 and from 1928 to 1933. Venizelos had such profound influence on the internal and external affairs of Greece that he is credited with being \"the maker of modern Greece\", and is still widely known as the \"Ethnarch\".\nHis first entry into the international scene was with his significant role in the autonomy of the Cretan State and later in the union of Crete with Greece. Soon, he was invited to Greece to resolve the political deadlock and became the country's Prime Minister. Not only did he initiate constitutional and economic reforms that set the basis for the modernization of Greek society, but also reorganized both army and navy in preparation of future conflicts. Before the Balkan Wars of 1912\u20131913, Venizelos' catalytic role helped gain Greece entrance to the Balkan League, an alliance of the Balkan states against the Ottoman Empire. Through his diplomatic acumen, Greece doubled its area and population with the liberation of Macedonia, Epirus, and most of the Aegean islands.\nIn World War I (1914\u20131918), he brought Greece on the side of the Allies, further expanding the Greek borders. However, his pro-Allied foreign policy brought him into direct conflict with Constantine I of Greece, causing the National Schism. The Schism polarized the population between the royalists and Venizelists and the struggle for power between the two groups affected the political and social life of Greece for decades. Following the Allied victory, Venizelos secured new territorial gains, especially in Anatolia, coming close to realizing the Megali Idea. Despite his achievements, he was defeated in the 1920 General Election, which contributed to the eventual Greek defeat in the Greco-Turkish War (1919\u201322). Venizelos, in self-imposed exile, represented Greece in the negotiations that led to the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne, and the agreement of a mutual exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey.\nIn his subsequent periods in office, Venizelos succeeded in restoring normal relations with Greece's neighbors and expanded his constitutional and economic reforms. In 1935 he resurfaced from retirement to support a military coup. Its failure severely weakened the Second Hellenic Republic.", "Q446633": "A Little Night Music is a 1977 American-West German-Austrian film adaptation of the musical A Little Night Music starring Elizabeth Taylor, Diana Rigg, and Lesley-Anne Down. It also features Len Cariou, Hermione Gingold, and Laurence Guittard who reprised their Broadway roles. The film was directed by Harold Prince, his second and final feature film as director.", "Q98342": "Rudolf Werner Schuster (20 January 1939 \u2013 9 May 2001) was a Tanganyika-born German physician, specialist in health informatics, and SPD politician.\nRaised in a colonial East African household, Schuster studied medicine at the University of T\u00fcbingen in the 1960s and during his professional career worked mostly in health informatics and medical computer science. He was a city councillor at Idstein for seventeen years before serving as a member of the Bundestag from 1990 until his death. On the national stage he concerned himself with health and Africa and the fight against AIDS.", "Q83004": "\u00c9mile Nau (26 February 1812 - 27 February 1860) was a Haitian historian and politician. Born in Port-au-Prince, Nau's most famous work is Histoire des Caciques d'Ha\u00efti, a history of the \"Caciques\", or native inhabitants, of Haiti. Nau was the co-editor of two important magazines, Le R\u00e9publicain and L'Union, which were published by his brother Ignace Nau. Emile and the Ardouin brothers, Beaubrun, C\u00e9ligny, and Coriolan, were members of the literary society \"The School of 1836\" founded by his brother Ignace. Emile Nau also served as Delegate of Port-au-Prince during the Presidency of Jean-Pierre Boyer.", "Q435805": "Kira Heorhiyivna Muratova (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0456\u0440\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430; n\u00e9e Korotkova, 5 November 1934 \u2013 6 June 2018) was a Soviet and Ukrainian award-winning film director, screenwriter and actress, known for her unusual directorial style. Her films underwent a great deal of censorship in the Soviet Union.\nMuratova spent most of her artistic career in Odessa, creating her films with local studios, mostly casting local actors.", "Q592476": "Yves L\u00e9vesque (born 1957) is a Canadian politician, who formerly served as Mayor of Trois-Rivi\u00e8res between 2001 and 2018.", "Q58600": "Frederick III (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl; 18 October 1831 \u2013 15 June 1888) was German Emperor and King of Prussia for ninety-nine days in 1888, the Year of the Three Emperors. Known informally as \"Fritz\", he was the only son of Emperor Wilhelm I and was raised in his family's tradition of military service. Although celebrated as a young man for his leadership and successes during the Second Schleswig, Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian wars, he nevertheless professed a hatred of warfare and was praised by friends and enemies alike for his humane conduct. Following the unification of Germany in 1871 his father, then King of Prussia, became the German Emperor. Upon Wilhelm's death at the age of ninety on 9 March 1888, the thrones passed to Frederick, who had by then been German Crown Prince for seventeen years and Crown Prince of Prussia for twenty-seven years. Frederick was suffering from cancer of the larynx when he died, aged fifty-six, following unsuccessful medical treatments for his condition.\nFrederick married Victoria, Princess Royal, eldest daughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. The couple were well-matched; their shared liberal ideology led them to seek greater representation for commoners in the government. Frederick, in spite of his conservative militaristic family background, had developed liberal tendencies as a result of his ties with Britain and his studies at the University of Bonn. As the Crown Prince, he often opposed the conservative German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, particularly in speaking out against Bismarck's policy of uniting Germany through force, and in urging that the power of the Chancellorship be curbed. Liberals in both Germany and Britain hoped that as emperor, Frederick would move to liberalize the German Empire.\nFrederick and Victoria were great admirers of Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's husband. They planned to rule as consorts, like Albert and Queen Victoria, and to reform what they saw as flaws in the executive branch that Bismarck had created for himself. The office of Chancellor, responsible to the Emperor, would be replaced with a British-style cabinet, with ministers responsible to the Reichstag. Government policy would be based on the consensus of the cabinet. Frederick \"described the Imperial Constitution as ingeniously contrived chaos.\" According to Michael Balfour:\n\nThe Crown Prince and Princess shared the outlook of the Progressive Party, and Bismarck was haunted by the fear that should the old Emperor die\u2014and he was now in his seventies\u2014they would call on one of the Progressive leaders to become Chancellor. He sought to guard against such a turn by keeping the Crown Prince from a position of any influence and by using foul means as well as fair to make him unpopular.\nHowever, Frederick's illness prevented him from effectively establishing policies and measures to achieve this, and such moves as he was able to make were later abandoned by his son and successor, Wilhelm II. The timing of Frederick's death and the length of his reign are important topics among historians. His premature demise is considered a potential turning point in German history; and whether or not he would have made the Empire more liberal if he had lived longer is still discussed.\n\n", "Q66936": "Georg Waitz (9 October 1813 \u2013 24 May 1886) was a German historian and politician. Waitz is often spoken of as the chief disciple of Leopold von Ranke, though perhaps in general characteristics and mental attitude he has more affinity with Georg Heinrich Pertz or Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann. His special domain was medieval German history, and he rarely travelled beyond it.", "Q4058": "Kayla Noelle Ewell (born August 27, 1985) is an American actress known for her roles on television as Caitlin Ramirez on CBS's long-running soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful, as Maureen Sampson on NBC's Freaks and Geeks, and as Vicki Donovan on The CW's The Vampire Diaries.", "Q388675": "La Tratta delle bianche is a 1952 Italian melodrama film. It was also released in the United States in 1954 under the title Girls Marked Danger.", "Q47720": "The People of Freedom (Italian: Il Popolo della Libert\u00e0, PdL) was a centre-right political party in Italy.\nThe PdL, launched by Silvio Berlusconi on 18 November 2007, was initially a federation of political parties, notably including Forza Italia and National Alliance, which participated as a joint election list in the 2008 general election. The federation was later transformed into a party during a party congress on 27\u201329 March 2009.\nThe party's leading members included Angelino Alfano (national secretary), Renato Schifani, Renato Brunetta, Roberto Formigoni, Maurizio Sacconi, Maurizio Gasparri, Mariastella Gelmini, Antonio Martino, Giancarlo Galan, Maurizio Lupi, Gaetano Quagliariello, Daniela Santanch\u00e8, Sandro Bondi and Raffaele Fitto.\nThe PdL formed Italy's government from 2008 to 2011 in coalition with Lega Nord. After having supported Mario Monti's technocratic government in 2011\u20132012, the party was part of Enrico Letta's government with the Democratic Party, Civic Choice and the Union of the Centre. Alfano functioned as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior.\nIn June 2013 Berlusconi announced Forza Italia's revival and the PdL's transformation into a centre-right coalition. On 16 November 2013 the PdL's national council voted to dissolve the party and start a new Forza Italia; the assembly was deserted by a group of dissidents, led by Alfano, who had launched the New Centre-Right the day before.", "Q556352": "Bad Pyrmont (German pronunciation: [ba\u02d0t p\u028f\u0281\u02c8m\u0254nt, - \u02c8p\u028f\u0281-]; West Low German: Bad Purmunt) is a town in the district of Hamelin-Pyrmont, in Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany, with a population close to 19,000. It is located on the River Emmer, about 10 km west of the Weser. Bad Pyrmont is a popular spa resort that gained its reputation as a fashionable place for princely vacations in the 17th and 18th centuries. The town is also the center of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in Germany.", "Q1347215": "William Orville \"Lefty\" Frizzell (March 31, 1928 \u2013 July 19, 1975) was an American country music singer-songwriter and honky-tonk singer.He gained prominence in 1950 after two major hits, and throughout the decade was a very popular country performer.\nFrizzell influenced a number of other country singers, including George Jones, Willie Nelson, Roy Orbison, The Everly Brothers, Keith Whitley, Merle Haggard, and John Fogerty. He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1982. After the death of Hank Williams in 1953, Frizzell released many songs that charted in the Top 10 of the Hot Country Songs charts. His success did not carry on into the 1960s, and after suffering from alcoholism, he died at age 47.\nA vocalist who set the style of singing \"the country way\" for the generations that followed, Frizzell became one of the most successful and influential artists of country music throughout his career. He smoothed out the rough edges of a honky tonk song by sounding out syllables longer and singing longer. Because of this, his music became much more mainstream without losing its honky-tonk attitude and persona.", "Q92109": "Bodo Kirchhoff (born 6 July 1948) is a German writer and novelist. He was born in Hamburg before moving with his family to Kirchzarten in the Black Forest in 1955, which he describes as a cultureshock. In addition to writing literary fiction, he has worked on various projects for German television, such as long-runner Tatort, and has written movie screenplays. One of his best-known novels is Infanta (1990), which has been translated into more than a dozen languages. In 2016, his novel, which features an African migrant in Italy, Encounter won the German Book Prize.", "Q122624": "Nasser Zahedi (born 20 May 1961, in Qom, Iran) is a German Doctor of Medicine, author, translator, and photographer from Iran.", "Q537960": "Milada Sou\u010dkov\u00e1 (January 24, 1898 \u2013 February 1, 1983) was a Czech writer, literary historian, and diplomat. She is known mainly for introducing to Czech literature Modernist techniques employed by English-language writers such as Laurence Sterne, James Joyce, and Virginia Woolf.", "Q454237": "Amanda de Cadenet is an English photographer, actress and television presenter.\n\n", "Q480700": "Otitis is a general term for inflammation or infection of the ear, in both humans and other animals.\nIt is subdivided into the following:\n\nOtitis externa, external otitis, or \"swimmer's ear\", involves the outer ear and ear canal. In external otitis, the ear hurts when touched or pulled.\nOtitis media, or middle ear infection, involves the middle ear. In otitis media, the ear is infected or clogged with fluid behind the ear drum, in the normally air-filled middle-ear space. This very common childhood infection sometimes requires a surgical procedure called myringotomy and tube insertion.\nOtitis interna, or labyrinthitis, involves the inner ear. The inner ear includes sensory organs for balance and hearing. When the inner ear is inflamed, vertigo is a common symptom.", "Q10678": "Yann-Fa\u00f1ch Kemener (April 7, 1957 \u2013 March 16, 2019) was a traditional singer from Brittany, born in Sainte-Tr\u00e9phine (C\u00f4tes-d'Armor), France.\nHe took part in reviving Kan ha diskan (French: chant et contre-chant) in the 1970s and 1980s, especially with Erik Marchand. He collected songs from the oral tradition in the Breton language.He sang in numerous Festo\u00f9 Noz.\nKemener died in Tr\u00e9m\u00e9ven on March 16, 2019 at age 61.\n\n", "Q3177503": "Jerry I. Speyer (born June 23, 1940) is an American real estate developer. He is one of two founding partners of the New York real estate company Tishman Speyer, which controls the Rockefeller Center.", "Q322850": "William Bunch (December 21, 1902 \u2013 December 21, 1941), known as Peetie Wheatstraw, was an American musician, an influential figure among 1930s blues singers. The only known photograph of him shows him holding a National brand tricone resonator guitar, but he played the piano on most of his recordings.", "Q662729": "A public figure is a person, such as a politician, celebrity, social media personality, or business leader, who has a certain social position within a certain scope and a significant influence and so is often widely of concern to the public, can benefit enormously from society, and is closely related to public interests in society.In the context of defamation actions (libel and slander) as well as invasion of privacy, a public figure cannot succeed in a lawsuit on incorrect harmful statements in the United States unless there is proof that the writer or publisher acted with actual malice by knowing the falsity or by reckless disregard for the truth. The legal burden of proof in defamation actions is thus higher in the case of a public figure than in the case of an ordinary person.\nLibel laws vary considerably on this matter from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Even within a cultural grouping, the libel laws of the UK are quite different from those in the US, for example.", "Q41351": "Alicia Christian \"Jodie\" Foster (born November 19, 1962) is an American actress, director, and producer. She has received two Academy Awards, three British Academy Film Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, and the Cecil B. DeMille Award. For her work as a director, she has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award.\nFoster began her professional career as a child model when she was three years old, and she made her acting debut in 1968 in the television sitcom Mayberry R.F.D. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, she worked in several television series and made her film debut with Disney's Napoleon and Samantha (1972). Following appearances in the musical Tom Sawyer (1973) and Martin Scorsese's comedy-drama Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1974), Foster's breakthrough came with Scorsese's psychological thriller Taxi Driver (1976), in which she played a child prostitute; at age 14, she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other roles as a teenager include the musical Bugsy Malone (1976) and the thriller The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane (1976), and she became a popular teen idol by starring in Disney's Freaky Friday (1976) and Candleshoe (1977), as well as Carny (1980) and Foxes (1980).\nAfter attending college at Yale, Foster struggled to transition into adult roles until she gained critical acclaim for playing a rape survivor in the legal drama The Accused (1988), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She won her second Academy Award three years later for the psychological horror The Silence of the Lambs (1991), in which she portrayed Clarice Starling. Foster made her debut as a film director the same year with Little Man Tate, and founded her own production company, Egg Pictures, in 1992. The company's first production was Nell (1994), in which she also played the title role, garnering her fourth nomination for an Academy Award. Her other successful films in the 1990s were the romantic drama Sommersby, western comedy Maverick (1994), science fiction Contact (1997), and period drama Anna and the King (1999).\nFoster experienced career setbacks in the early 2000s, including the cancellation of a film project and the closing down of her production company, but she then starred in four commercially successful thrillers: Panic Room (2002), Flightplan (2005), Inside Man (2006), and The Brave One (2007). She has focused on directing in the 2010s, directing the films The Beaver (2011) and Money Monster (2016), as well as episodes for Netflix television series Orange Is the New Black, House of Cards, and Black Mirror. She also starred in the films Carnage (2011), Elysium (2013), and Hotel Artemis (2018).", "Q11572": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (Avatar: The Legend of Aang in some regions) is an American animated television series created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, with Aaron Ehasz as head writer. It aired on Nickelodeon for three seasons, from February 2005 to July 2008. Avatar is set in an Asiatic-like world in which some people can manipulate the classical elements with psychokinetic variants of the Chinese martial arts known as \"bending\"; one individual, the Avatar, is capable of bending all four elements and is responsible for maintaining harmony between the world's four nations. It is presented in a style that combines anime with American cartoons and relies on the imagery of East/South Asian, Inuit, and New World societies.\nThe series is centered around the journey of 12-year-old Aang, the Avatar and last survivor of his nation, the Air Nomads, along with his friends Sokka, Katara, and later on Toph, as they strive to end the Fire Nation's war against the other nations of the world. It also follows the story of Zuko\u2014an exiled prince of the Fire Nation seeking to restore his lost honor by capturing Aang, accompanied by his wise uncle Iroh\u2014and later that of his ambitious sister Azula.\nAvatar was commercially successful and was acclaimed by audiences and critics, who praised its art direction, soundtrack, cultural references, humor, characters, and themes. These include concepts rarely touched on in youth entertainment, such as genocide, totalitarianism and free choice. It was nominated for\u2014and won\u2014five Annie Awards, a Genesis Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, a Kids' Choice Award and a Peabody Award. As of April 2020, Avatar has a critics score of 100% on Rotten Tomatoes.The extended Avatar franchise includes an ongoing comics series, an animated sequel series, a live-action film, and an upcoming live-action remake of the series by its original creators to be produced for Netflix. The complete series was released on Blu-ray in June 2018 for the 10th anniversary of the show's finale.", "Q782805": "Samuel J. \"Sam\" Palmisano (born July 29, 1951) was president and the eighth chief executive officer of IBM until January 2012. He also served as Chairman of the company until October 1, 2012.Palmisano was appointed president and chief operating officer (COO) effective in October 2000. He was promoted to CEO in March 2002, while retaining the title of president, and named chairman effective January 1, 2003. Palmisano announced on October 25, 2011 that he was stepping aside as president and CEO. He was succeeded in these positions by Ginni Rometty.As of 2009 IBM was the largest IT company in the world and 45th largest company overall.", "Q1280986": "P. F. \"Flip\" Sloan (born Philip Gary Schlein; September 18, 1945 \u2013 November 15, 2015) was an American pop-rock singer and songwriter. He was very successful during the mid-1960s, writing, performing, and producing Billboard top 20 hits for artists such as Barry McGuire, The Searchers, Jan and Dean, Herman's Hermits, Johnny Rivers, The Grass Roots, The Turtles and The Mamas & the Papas. Many of his songs were written in collaboration with Steve Barri. His most successful songs as a writer were three top ten hits: Barry McGuire's 1965 \"Eve of Destruction\", Johnny Rivers' 1966 \"Secret Agent Man\" and Herman's Hermits' 1966 \"A Must to Avoid\".\nIn 1970 fellow songwriter Jimmy Webb composed a tribute song titled \"P.F. Sloan.\"", "Q424": "Cambodia ( (listen); also Kampuchea ; Khmer: \u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17bb\u1787\u17b6 [kam.pu.ci\u0259]; French: Cambodge), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia (Khmer: \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u178e\u17b6\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17bb\u1787\u17b6, pr\u0115\u0259h ri\u0259ci\u0259naacak kampuci\u0259, IPA: [pr\u0115\u0259h ri\u0259.ci\u0259.na\u02d0.ca\u0294 kam.pu.ci\u0259]; French: Royaume du Cambodge), is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 square miles) in area, bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. \nThe sovereign state of Cambodia has a population of over 15 million. The official religion is Theravada Buddhism, practised by approximately 95 percent of the population. Cambodia's minority groups include Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams and 30 hill tribes. The capital and largest city is Phnom Penh, the political, economic and cultural centre of Cambodia. The kingdom is an elective constitutional monarchy with a monarch, currently Norodom Sihamoni, chosen by the Royal Council of the Throne as head of state. The head of government is the Prime Minister, currently Hun Sen, the longest serving non-royal leader in Southeast Asia, ruling Cambodia since 1985.\nIn 802 AD, Jayavarman II declared himself king, uniting the warring Khmer princes of Chenla under the name \"Kambuja\". This marked the beginning of the Khmer Empire, which flourished for over 600 years, allowing successive kings to control and exert influence over much of Southeast Asia and accumulate immense power and wealth. The Indianised kingdom facilitated the spread of first Hinduism and then Buddhism to much of Southeast Asia and undertook many religious infrastructural projects throughout the region, including the construction of more than 1,000 temples and monuments in Angkor alone. Angkor Wat is the most famous of these structures and is designated as a World Heritage Site.\nIn the fifteenth century, after the rebellion of Ayutthaya, which was formerly ruled by the Khmer Empire, Cambodia experienced the decline of power. Cambodia faced two increasingly powerful neighbors, Ayutthaya of Thailand and Nguyen dynasty of Vietnam, and marking the downturn of Cambodia's fate. In 1863, Cambodia became a protectorate of France, and later was incorporated into French Indochina of Southeast Asia.\nCambodia gained independence from France in 1953. The Vietnam War extended into the country in 1965 with the expansion of the Ho Chi Minh Trail and establishment of the Sihanouk Trail. This led to the US bombing of Cambodia from 1969 until 1973. Following the Cambodian coup of 1970 which installed the right-wing pro-US Khmer Republic, the deposed King Sihanouk gave his support to his former enemies, the Khmer Rouge. With the support of the monarchy and North Vietnam, the Khmer Rouge emerged as a major power, taking Phnom Penh in 1975. The Khmer Rouge then carried out the Cambodian genocide from 1975 until 1979, when they were ousted by Vietnam and the Vietnamese-backed People's Republic of Kampuchea, supported by the Soviet Union, in the Cambodian\u2013Vietnamese War.\nFollowing the 1991 Paris Peace Accords, Cambodia was governed briefly by a United Nations mission (1992\u201393). The UN withdrew after holding elections in which around 90 percent of the registered voters cast ballots. The 1997 factional fighting resulted in the ousting of the government by Prime Minister Hun Sen and the Cambodian People's Party, who remain in power as of April 2020.\nCambodia is a member of the United Nations since 1955, ASEAN, the East Asia Summit, the WTO, the Non-Aligned Movement and La Francophonie. According to several foreign organisations, the country has widespread poverty, pervasive corruption, lack of political freedoms, low human development and a high rate of hunger. Cambodia has been described by Human Rights Watch's Southeast Asian Director, David Roberts, as a \"relatively authoritarian coalition via a superficial democracy\". Constitutionally a multi-party liberal democracy, the country is effectively governed under one-party rule as of 2018.While per capita income remains low compared to most neighboring countries, Cambodia has one of the fastest growing economies in Asia, with growth averaging 7.6 percent over the last decade. Agriculture remains the dominant economic sector, with strong growth in textiles, construction, garments and tourism leading to increased foreign investment and international trade. The United Nations designates Cambodia as a least developed country. The US World Justice Project's 2015 Rule of Law Index ranked Cambodia 125th out of 126 countries, far lower compared to other countries in the region.", "Q1141804": "Naotar\u014d Moriyama (\u68ee\u5c71\u76f4\u592a\u6717, Moriyama Naotar\u014d) (born April 23, 1976) is a Japanese pop singer-songwriter. His mother is Ry\u014dko Moriyama, a well-known folk singer.\nMoriyama came out with the album \"Kawaita Uta wa Sakana no Esa ni Ch\u014ddo Ii\" in 2002, and distinguished himself with the song \"Sakura\".", "Q197935": "Fran\u00e7ois \u00c9lie Jules Lema\u00eetre (27 April 1853 \u2013 4 August 1914) was a French critic and dramatist.", "Q7258905": "Pugachev (Russian: \u0415\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d \u041f\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0451\u0432) is a 1978 biopic film, directed by Aleksei Saltykov and starring Yevgeny Matveyev and Vija Artmane. This film was honored with a special prize at All-Union Film Festival in 1979.", "Q3101481": "George Chandler (June 30, 1898 \u2013 June 10, 1985) was an American actor who starred in over 140 feature films, usually in smaller supporting roles, and he is perhaps best known for playing the character of Uncle Petrie Martin on the television series Lassie.", "Q557058": "Donald Herod Peterson (October 22, 1933 \u2013 May 27, 2018) was a United States Air Force officer and NASA astronaut. Peterson was originally selected for the Air Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program, but, when that was canceled, he became a NASA astronaut in September 1969. He was a mission specialist on STS-6 on board Challenger. During the mission Peterson performed a spacewalk to test the new airlock and space suits. He logged 120 hours in space. Peterson retired from NASA in 1984.", "Q2791686": "Ayelet Shaked (; Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dc\u05ea \u05e9\u05e7\u05d3\u200e; born 7 May 1976) is an Israeli politician, activist, and software engineer. She served as a member of the Knesset for The Jewish Home from 2013 to 2018, after which she became a member of the New Right. She currently represents the Yamina alliance. She was Minister of Justice from 2015 to 2019. Although until 2018 she was representing a religious party, Shaked identifies as a secular politician.\nShe began her career in the Tel Aviv high-tech industry, working as an engineer at Texas Instruments. In 2010 she established the My Israel extra-parliamentary movement with Naftali Bennett and led it until May 2012. In 2019, she established the New Right together with Bennett. After the party did not pass the electoral threshold in the April 2019 Israeli election, Shaked planned to join Likud, but Miri Regev did not allow her to do so. However, following Benjamin Netanyahu's failure to form a coalition government and the pending September 2019 election, Shaked ended up succeeding Bennett as the chairwoman of the New Right and later became the leader of the Yamina alliance.She is considered one of Israel's most active and influential legislators, and initiated and drafted laws including Israel's 2016 NGO law, its comprehensive law against terrorism, a version of the basic law proposal on Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people, as well as a law limiting the powers of the Israeli Supreme Court.\n\n", "Q766229": "12 Stones is an American Christian post-grunge band that was formed in 2000 in Mandeville, Louisiana. The band currently consists of Paul McCoy, Eric Weaver and Sean Dunaway.\n\n", "Q341461": "Carole Denise Fredericks (June 5, 1952 \u2013 June 7, 2001) was an American singer best known for her work in French music. She was the younger sister of Taj Mahal.\nBetween 1990 and 1996 she was in the trio Fredericks Goldman Jones alongside singer-songwriter Jean-Jacques Goldman and Welsh\u2013French guitarist Michael Jones.", "Q25406674": "Primera Fila:Hecho Realidad (transl.\u2009\"First Row: Reality\") is the first live and the first video album by American Latin pop duo Ha*Ash. It was released under the label Sony Music Latin on November 11, 2014. The album was recorded in Lake Charles, Louisiana and Ciudad de M\u00e9xico on July 7, 2014, with a selected audience to attend the concert.The album includes material from her past four studio albums as well as 8 newly recorded songs. The album features collaborations by several performers, including Julio Ram\u00edrez, Maluma, Joy Huerta, Matisse, and Axel, among others. Ha*Ash worked with producers George Noriega, Pablo De La Loza, and Tim Mitchell. Six singles were released from Primera Fila: Hecho Realidad worldwide. \"Perd\u00f3n, Perd\u00f3n\" was released as the lead single in September 2014. The other songs released were \"Lo Aprend\u00ed de Ti\", \"Ex de Verdad\", \"No Te Quiero Nada\", \"Dos Copas de M\u00e1s\", and \"S\u00e9 Que Te Vas\".\n\n", "Q151806": "Juan Tom\u00e1s \u00c1vila Laurel (born 6 November 1966) is an Equatoguinean author and activist. His parents were from the remote Annob\u00f3n Island, off the West African coast. \nFor many years \u00c1vila Laurel was one of the best known authors from Equatorial Guinea who opted not to live in exile. He has been a constant thorn in the side of his country\u2019s long-standing dictatorial government, engaging in protest and political activism.\nHis first novel to be published in English, By Night the Mountain Burns (And Other Stories, 2014), was shortlisted for the 2015 Independent Foreign Fiction Prize, and is based on his time growing up on Annob\u00f3n. The Gurugu Pledge, his second novel to appear in English, was published by And Other Stories in 2017.\n\u00c1vila Laurel made headlines in 2011 by embarking on an anti-government hunger strike, and now lives in exile in Barcelona.", "Q252409": "D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu is a 2006 American science fiction action film directed by Tony Scott, written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio, and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. The film stars Denzel Washington, Paula Patton, Jim Caviezel, Val Kilmer, Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood. It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in an attempt to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love.\nFilming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. The film premiered in New York City on November 20, 2006, and was released in the United States and Canada on November 22, 2006. It received mixed reviews from critics and earned $180 million worldwide against its $75 million production budget. It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006. The film was nominated for five awards, and also won the International Gold Reel Award.\n\n", "Q127990": "The Australian National University (ANU) is a national research university located in Canberra, the capital of Australia. Its main campus in Acton encompasses seven teaching and research colleges, in addition to several national academies and institutes.Founded in 1946, it is the only university to have been created by the Parliament of Australia. Originally a postgraduate research university, ANU commenced undergraduate teaching in 1960 when it integrated the Canberra University College, which had been established in 1929 as a campus of the University of Melbourne. ANU enrolls 10,052 undergraduate and 10,840 postgraduate students and employs 3,753 staff. The university's endowment stood at A$1.13 billion in 2012.ANU is regarded as one of the world's leading research universities. It is ranked first in Australia and the whole of Oceania, 24th in the world by the 2019 QS World University Rankings, and 49th in the world (second in Australia) by the 2019 Times Higher Education. ANU was named the world's seventh (first in Australia) most international university in a 2017 study by Times Higher Education. In the 2017 Times Higher Education Global Employability University Ranking, an annual ranking of university graduates' employability, ANU was ranked 21st in the world (first in Australia). The university is particularly well known for its programmes in the arts and social sciences, and ranks among the best in the world for a number of disciplines including linguistics, politics and international relations, social policy, and geography.ANU counts six Nobel laureates and 49 Rhodes scholars among its faculty and alumni. The university has educated two prime ministers, 30 current Australian ambassadors and more than a dozen current heads of government departments of Australia. The latest releases of ANU's scholarly publications are held through ANU Press online.", "Q1489247": "Gabriel Garrido is an Argentinian conductor specialising in Italian baroque and the recovery of the baroque musical heritage of Latin America.Garrido was born 1950 in Buenos Aires, and at the age of 17 with the Argentine recorder quartet, Pro Arte, undertaking two tours in Europe. He studied music at University of La Plata, in Zurich, and at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis, specialising in the lute, baroque guitar and reed instruments of the Renaissance. He became a member of the Ensemble Ricercare and Jordi Savall's Hesperion XX, with whom he made several recordings.\nFrom 1977 he was a teacher at the Centre de Musique Ancienne at the Conservatoire de Musique de Gen\u00e8ve, where in 1981 he founded Ensemble Elyma a performance and research ensemble. He has a long working relationship with the Studio di Musica Antica Antonio Il Verso of Palermo.\nIn 1992 Garrido commenced recording the key early recordings in the series Les Chemins du Baroque for the French label K617, which brought significant critic acclaim. UNESCO's International Music Council (IMC) invited Garrido to organize workshops, conferences, and concerts in an international symposium dedicated to the Latin American baroque, at Bariloche, Argentina, situated in the foothills of the Andes, for which UNESCO awarded him its \"Mozart Medal\".\nGarrido is also known for his work on Italian music, in particular his cycle of Monteverdi's operas, ballets and vespers and Vespro per lo Stellario della Beata Vergine of Bonaventura Rubino. From 1990, the Teatro Massimo in Palermo has called on Garrido annually to make an opera creation. In 2000 the Fondazione Cini, Venice, awarded him a special prize in recognition of his artistic activities on behalf of Italian music in the preceding ten years.\nGarrido has conducted operas at the Festival d'Ambronay and Festival de Beaune. He has brought baroque opera home to the Teatro Col\u00f3n in Buenos Aires with performances including Monteverdi's L'Orfeo (June 2001) and Rameau's Les Indes Galantes, (October 2002).", "Q318514": "Sidney George Wilson (born January 20, 1977), also known as TheDJ, DJ Starscream, #0 (or 0), is an American DJ, keyboardist, rapper and pianist, best known as the turntablist of the Grammy Award-winning heavy metal band Slipknot. Wilson was the youngest member of the band until bassist Alessandro Venturella and drummer Jay Weinberg, who were born in 1984 and 1990 respectively, joined the band.", "Q321395": "Humbert Jean Ren\u00e9 Balsan (21 August 1954 \u2013 10 February 2005) was a French film producer and chairman of the European Film Academy. He was known for securing financing and distribution for diverse and often challenging films.\nIn February 2005, Balsan was found dead in the offices of his production company, Ognon Pictures, in Paris. He was known to have suffered from depression, and killed himself by hanging.", "Q281889": "Brigadier General Avraham \"Avi\" Benayahu (born 1959), is a former Israel Defense Forces Spokesperson.\nBenayahu was born and raised in Tel Aviv and studied in the Shevah Mofet secondary school. He was drafted in 1977 and later served in various roles in the IDF Spokesperson's Unit, including the press liaison and chief of the Israel Defense Forces Radio (Galatz). In August 2007 he was promoted to brigadier general and entered the position of IDF Spokesperson, which he filled until April 7, 2011.", "Q97065": "Bella Fromm (20 December 1890 \u2013 9 February 1972) was a German journalist and author of Jewish origin, who lived in exile in the United States from 1938. She is best known as the author of Blood and Banquets (1943), an account of her time as diplomatic correspondent for Berlin newspapers during the Weimar Republic, and of her experiences during the first five years of the Third Reich. Although this book was published as an authentic contemporary diary, and is frequently cited as such, recent research suggests that Fromm wrote it in the U.S. after leaving Germany.\nFromm was born to Her father Siegfried Fromm and her mother Greta Fromm is a sister of Max Fromm the sons of Nathan and Marie Fromm in Nuremberg and grew up in Kitzingen in Lower Franconia, part of a family of prosperous assimilated Jewish wine merchants. The Fromm family came from Spain and lived for 500 years until the Holocaust in Germany. By her own account, her family was on friendly terms with the Bavarian royal family and other leaders of Bavarian high society. Her father died when she was a child, and her mother, to whom she was devoted, died in 1918. In 1911 she married a Jewish businessman, Max Israel, with whom she had a daughter, Grete-Ellen (known as \u201cGonny\u201d in Fromm\u2019s writing). After her divorce from Israel she married Karl Julius Steuermann, from whom she was also later divorced.\nDuring World War I Fromm worked for the German Red Cross and was decorated by the King of Bavaria. After her mother\u2019s death she inherited the family fortune and was able to devote her time to social work. The inflation of 1923, however, destroyed her wealth and she was forced to look for work. Using family contacts, she was employed by the Ullstein press, a major Jewish-owned publishing house, and worked for the Ullstein newspapers, notably the Berliner Zeitung (\u201cBZ\u201d) and the Vossische Zeitung, a leading Berlin liberal newspaper. Initially confined to traditional roles for female journalists such as fashion and social gossip, Fromm proved talented and ambitious and soon graduated to writing about politics and diplomacy.", "Q421864": "Robert Warren Dudley (born September 14, 1955) is an American-born businessman who is the former group chief executive of BP. He had served as president and chief executive of TNK-BP and on June 18, 2010, was assigned to be BP executive in charge of the Gulf Coast Restoration Organization responding to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. He is the chair of the international industry-led Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI).", "Q182486": "Eileen Evelyn Greer Garson, (29 September 1904 \u2013 6 April 1996), was a British-American actress popular during the Second World War, being listed by the Motion Picture Herald as one of America's top-ten box office draws from 1942 to 1946.A major star at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer during the 1940s, Garson received seven Oscar nominations, including a record-tying five consecutive nominations for acting and all in the Best Actress category (1941\u20131945), winning the award for Mrs. Miniver (1942).", "Q179152": "Dominique Marie-Fran\u00e7oise Ren\u00e9e Varaigne (born 11 March 1948), professionally known as Dominique Sanda, is a French actress and former fashion model.\n\n", "Q1132632": "Corey Johnson (born May 17, 1961) is an American character actor largely active in the UK, best known for his supporting roles in Hellboy, Kingsman: The Secret Service, Captain Philips, The Bourne Ultimatum, Kick-Ass, Ex Machina, the Spooks episode \"The Special\" , the Doctor Who episode \"Dalek\" and The Last Days Of Lehman Brothers as Richard S. Fuld, Jr. , The Final Chairman & CEO of Lehman Brothers.", "Q107498": "Schorsch Kamerun, (*1963, Timmendorfer Strand) whose real name is Thomas Sehl, is a German musician, singer, author, theatre director, and club proprietor. His stage name is a parody of the name of the singer of American punk band Dead Kennedys, called Jello Biafra.", "Q311256": "Richard Noel Marx (born September 16, 1963) is an American adult contemporary and pop/rock singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer.", "Q63682": "Sibel Kekilli (born 16 June 1980) is a German actress. She gained public attention after starring in the 2004 film Head-On. She won two Lolas, the most prestigious German film awards, for her performances in Head-On and When We Leave (2010). Beginning in 2011, she became more widely known for her role as Shae in the HBO series Game of Thrones.", "Q1191833": "The University of Manitoba (U of M, UManitoba, or UM) is a public research university in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Its main campus is located in the Fort Garry neighbourhood of southern Winnipeg with other campuses throughout the city. Founded in 1877, it is the first university of western Canada. The university maintains a reputation as a top research-intensive post-secondary educational institution and conducts more research annually than any other university in the region.\nThe U of M is the largest university both by total student enrollment and campus area in the province of Manitoba, and the 17th-largest in all of Canada. The campus boasts dozens of faculties and hundreds of degree programs. The U of M is a member of the U15 and of Universities Canada, while its global affiliations include the International Association of Universities and the Association of Commonwealth Universities. Its increased global outreach has resulted in one of the most internationally diverse student bodies in Canada, while its competitive academic and research programs have consistently ranked among the top in the Canadian Prairies.\nThe Manitoba Bisons represent the team in athletics as a member of U Sports and Canada West Universities Athletic Association (CWUAA).\nUniversity of Manitoba alumni include Nobel Prize recipients, Academy Award winners, Order of Merit recipients, and Olympic medalists, among many others. As of 2019, there have been 99 Rhodes Scholarship recipients from the University of Manitoba, more than that of any other university in western Canada. Likewise, the university has produced countless government figures, including provincial premiers, Supreme Court justices, and Members of Parliament (MPs). Research at the U of M has produced various world-renowned contributions, including the creation of canola oil in the 1970s.\nAlong with the Fort Garry campus as its central hub, the University of Manitoba operates three other major locations: the Bannatyne Campus, the James W. Burns Executive Education Centre, and the William Norrie Centre. Additionally, the university also administers its French-language affiliate, Universit\u00e9 de Saint-Boniface in the Saint Boniface ward of Winnipeg.", "Q101957": "Karoline von Woltmann, n\u00e9e Stosch (6 March 1782 in Berlin \u2013 18 November 1847 in Berlin) was a German author who also wrote under the pseudonym Luise Berg. She was regarded by her contemporaries as \"the German Genlis\".", "Q2736439": "Dark Water is the English title of a collection of short stories by Koji Suzuki, originally published in Japan as Honogurai mizu no soko kara (Kanji: \u4ec4\u6697\u3044\u6c34\u306e\u5e95\u304b\u3089; literally, From the Depths of Dark Waters). The book was first published in 1996, and released in 2004 in English translation.\nThe collection contains seven stories, and an extra plotline forming the prologue and epilogue.", "Q166714": "Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, (12 September 1852 \u2013 15 February 1928), generally known as H. H. Asquith, was a British statesman and Liberal politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 to 1916. He was the last prime minister to lead a majority Liberal government, and he played a central role in the design and passage of major liberal legislation and a reduction of the power of the House of Lords. In August 1914, Asquith took Great Britain and the British Empire into the First World War. In 1915, his government was vigorously attacked for a shortage of munitions and the failure of the Gallipoli Campaign. He formed a coalition government with other parties, but failed to satisfy critics. As a result, he was forced to resign in December 1916, and he never regained power.\nAfter attending Balliol College, Oxford, he became a successful barrister. In 1886 he was the Liberal candidate for East Fife, a seat he held for over thirty years. In 1892 he was appointed as Home Secretary in Gladstone's fourth ministry, remaining in the post until the Liberals lost the 1895 election. In the decade of opposition that followed Asquith became a major figure in the party, and when the Liberals regained power under Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman in 1905 Asquith was named Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 1908 Asquith succeeded him as prime minister. The Liberals were determined to advance their reform agenda. An impediment to this was the House of Lords, which rejected the People's Budget of 1909. Meanwhile the South Africa Act 1909 passed. Asquith called an election for January 1910, and the Liberals won, though were reduced to a minority government. After another general election in December 1910 he gained passage of the Parliament Act 1911, allowing a bill three times passed by the Commons in consecutive sessions to be enacted regardless of the Lords. Asquith was less successful in dealing with Irish Home Rule. Repeated crises led to gun running and violence, verging on civil war.\nWhen Britain declared war on Germany in response to the German invasion of Belgium, high profile conflicts were suspended regarding Ireland and women's suffrage. Although more of a committee chair than a dynamic leader, he oversaw national mobilisation; the dispatch of the British Expeditionary Force to the Western Front, the creation of a mass army, and the development of an industrial strategy designed to support the country's war aims. The war became bogged down and the demand rose for better leadership. He was forced to form a coalition with the Conservatives and Labour early in 1915. He was weakened by his own indecision over strategy, conscription, and financing. Lloyd George replaced him as prime minister in December 1916. They became bitter enemies and fought for control of the fast-declining Liberal Party. His role in creating the modern British welfare state (1906\u20131911) has been celebrated, but his weaknesses as a war leader and as a party leader after 1914 have been highlighted by historians.", "Q75786": "Eduard Bernstein (6 January 1850 \u2013 18 December 1932) was a German social-democratic Marxist theorist and politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), Bernstein had held close association to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, but he saw flaws in Marxist thinking and began to criticize views held by Marxism when he investigated and challenged the Marxist materialist theory of history. He rejected significant parts of Marxist theory that were based upon Hegelian metaphysics and rejected the Hegelian dialectical perspective.Bernstein distinguished between early and mature Marxism. The former, exemplified by Marx and Engels's 1848 The Communist Manifesto, he opposed for what he regarded as its violent Blanquist tendencies, embracing the latter, holding that socialism could be achieved by peaceful means through incremental legislative reform in democratic societies.", "Q502071": "Andrey Igorevich Melnichenko (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e Belarusian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u044d\u0439 \u041c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0447\u044d\u043d\u043a\u0430; born 8 March 1972) is a Russian billionaire industrialist and philanthropist.He is the main beneficiary of fertilizer producer EuroChem Group and coal energy company SUEK. He is a member of the Board of Directors (non-executive director) in both companies. With an estimated personal wealth of $12.5 billion, in 2020 he ranked 95th in the Forbes world's billionaires list, and 9th in Russia. According to Bloomberg, as of April 2020, Melnichenko's net worth is estimated at $13.6 billion (91st in the world, 8th in Russia).Too young to gain from the 1990s privatizations that made many oligarchs fortunes, he began trading currency with two friends while a physics student at Moscow State University, taking advantage of the opportunities that opened up in a newly capitalist Russia. After the Soviet Union fell, the trio registered a bank, before Melnichenko began buying assets including in thermal coal and fertilizers. Branching out at the turn of the millennium, he took an interest in the commodities markets with the acquisition of plants and mines, many of which were distressed, transforming them into modern enterprises. He sold his banking interests in 2007, just before the global financial crisis, allowing him to focus on those industrial investments. As Bloomberg reports, Melnichenko \"consolidated fragmented assets in risky and then-derelict industries and created leading international blue chips in new areas\" noting that \"these industries were not considered to be \u2018strategic\u2019 for Russia and were not subject to the political influence that dominated other sectors, like oil and gas, diamond and gold mining.\" Melnichenko turned EuroChem into Russia's largest manufacturer of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers and one of largest fertilizers exporters globally, and SUEK into one of the world's largest coal energy companies that produces higher-quality thermal coal. In the last 15 years, Melnichenko's companies reportedly invested more than $21 billion in the industrial sector.\nMelnichenko is one of the main social investors and philanthropists in Russia. Apart from his companies' own charitable and social investment programs, the Andrey Melnichenko Foundation runs projects in science and education, supporting gifted children from the regions where his companies operate aiming to create social mobility in Russia. Melnichenko's companies reportedly spent over $500 million on social and charitable projects in Russia.", "Q64853": "Wiesendangen is a municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipality of Bertschikon merged into the municipality of Wiesendangen. At the same time the Community Identification Number changed from 0229 to 0298", "Q212993": "Benedict Richard O'Gorman Anderson (August 26, 1936 \u2013 December 13, 2015) was a Chinese-born Irish political scientist and historian who lived and taught in the United States, best known for his 1983 book Imagined Communities, which explored the origins of nationalism. Anderson was the Aaron L. Binenkorb Professor Emeritus of International Studies, Government & Asian Studies at Cornell University; he was a polyglot with an interest in southeast Asia. His work on the \"Cornell Paper\", which debunked the official story of Indonesia's 30 September Movement and the subsequent anti-Communist purges of 1965\u20131966, led to his expulsion from that country. He was the brother of historian Perry Anderson.", "Q590513": "Aurum Hotels was an Italian professional cycling team founded in 1996 and disbanded in 2007. Over the years the team included several stars such as Danilo Di Luca and Mario Cipollini.\nTwo of their sponsors later sponsored other teams: Acqua & Sapone ran from 2004 until 2012, while Domina Vacanze left the team in 2004 to sponsor the former De Nardi for the 2005 season.", "Q120999": "Werner H\u00f6fer (21 March 1913, in Kaisersesch, Rhine Province \u2013 26 November 1997, in Cologne) was a German journalist. He started his career as a Nazi propagandist, working for the newspaper Das Reich. From 1933 to 1945 he was a member of the Nazi Party.\nAfter the war, he worked for the public broadcasting institutions Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk and Westdeutscher Rundfunk. He gained popularity as the host of the Sunday TV discussion show Internationaler Fr\u00fchschoppen, modeled on NBC's Meet the Press and running from 1952 to 1987. When his publicly expressed satisfaction upon the execution of pianist Karlrobert Kreiten in September 1943 became known to a wider public, he was forced to retire in 1987.\nHis daughter Candida H\u00f6fer is a well known photographer.\n\n", "Q5523981": "Garrick Hagon (born 27 September 1939) is a British-Canadian actor in film, stage, television and radio, best known for his role as Biggs Darklighter in Star Wars: A New Hope. His many films include Batman, Spy Game, Me and Orson Welles and The Message. He was the rebel leader Ky in Doctor Who: The Mutants, and played Simon Gerrard, Debbie Aldridge's husband in the BBC's The Archers.\n\n", "Q55456": "Saturnino \"Nino\" Manfredi (Italian: [\u02c8ni\u02d0no ma\u0271\u02c8fre\u02d0di]; 22 March 1921 \u2013 4 June 2004) was one of the most prominent Italian actors in the commedia all'italiana genre. He was also a film and stage director, a screenwriter, a playwright, a comedian, a singer, an author, a radio and television presenter and a voice actor. During his career he won several awards, including six David di Donatello awards, six Nastro d'Argento awards and the Prix de la premi\u00e8re oeuvre (Best First Work Award) at the 1971 Cannes Film Festival for Between Miracles. Typically playing losers, marginalised, working-class characters yet \"in possession of their dignity, morality, and underlying optimism\", he was referred to as \"one of the few truly complete actors in Italian cinema\".", "Q223596": "X-Men: First Class (also marketed as X: First Class) is a 2011 superhero film based on the X-Men characters appearing in Marvel Comics. The fifth installment in the X-Men film series and a prequel to X-Men (2000), it was directed by Matthew Vaughn and produced by Bryan Singer, and stars James McAvoy, Michael Fassbender, Rose Byrne, January Jones, Oliver Platt, and Kevin Bacon. The film is set primarily in 1962 during the Cuban Missile Crisis, and focuses on the relationship between Professor Charles Xavier and Erik Lehnsherr / Magneto, and the origin of their groups\u2014the X-Men and the Brotherhood of Mutants, respectively, as they deal with the Hellfire Club led by Sebastian Shaw, a mutant supremacist bent on enacting nuclear war.\nProducer Lauren Shuler Donner first thought of a prequel based on the young X-Men during the production of X2; producer Simon Kinberg later suggested to 20th Century Fox an adaptation of the comic series X-Men: First Class, although the film does not follow the comic closely. Singer, who had directed both X-Men and X2, became involved with the project in 2009, but he could only produce and co-write First Class due to his work on other projects. Vaughn, who was previously attached to both X-Men: The Last Stand and Thor, became the director, and also wrote the final script with his writing partner Jane Goldman. First Class replaced a Magneto prequel film that had been in development, but had entered development hell; the Writers Guild of America arbitration gave a story credit to Magneto writer Sheldon Turner. Principal photography began in August 2010 and concluded in December, with additional filming completed in April 2011. Locations included Oxford, the Mojave Desert and Georgia, with soundstage work done in both Pinewood Studios and the 20th Century Fox stages in Los Angeles. The depiction of the 1960s drew inspiration from the James Bond films of the period.\nFirst Class premiered on Ziegfeld Theatre on May 25, 2011, and was released in the United States on June 3, 2011. It was a box office success, becoming the seventh highest-grossing in the film series, and received positive reviews from critics and audiences, who praised its acting, screenplay, direction, action sequences, visual effects, and musical score. The film's success re-popularized the X-Men film franchise with various installments following, including a number of sequels focusing on younger iterations of the X-Men characters, with X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), X-Men: Apocalypse (2016), and X-Men: Dark Phoenix (2019).", "Q313327": "Sun Quan (pronunciation ) (5 July 182 \u2013 21 May 252), courtesy name Zhongmou, formally known as Emperor Da of Wu (literally \"Great Emperor of Wu\"), was the founder of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. He inherited control of the warlord regime established by his elder brother, Sun Ce, in 200. He declared formal independence and ruled from 222 to 229 as the King of Wu and from 229 to 252 as the Emperor of Wu. Unlike his rivals Cao Cao and Liu Bei, Sun Quan was much younger than they were and governed his state mostly separate of politics and ideology. He is sometimes portrayed as neutral considering he adopted a flexible foreign policy between his two rivals with the goal of pursuing the greatest interests for the country.\nSun Quan was born while his father Sun Jian served as the adjutant of Xiapi County. After Sun Jian's death in the early 190s, he and his family lived at various cities on the lower Yangtze River, until Sun Ce carved out a warlord regime in the Jiangdong region, based on his own followers and a number of local clan allegiances. When Sun Ce was assassinated by the retainers of Xu Gong in 200, the 18-year-old Sun Quan inherited the lands southeast of the Yangtze River from his brother. His administration proved to be relatively stable in those early years as Sun Jian and Sun Ce's most senior officers, such as Zhou Yu, Zhang Zhao, Zhang Hong, and Cheng Pu supported the succession. Thus throughout the 200s, Sun Quan, under the tutelage of his able advisers, continued to build up his strength along the Yangtze River. In early 207, his forces finally won complete victory over Huang Zu, a military leader under Liu Biao, who dominated the middle Yangtze. Huang Zu was killed in battle.\nIn winter of that year, the northern warlord Cao Cao led an army of approximately 220,000 to conquer the south to complete the reunification of China. Two distinct factions emerged at his court on how to handle the situation. One, led by Zhang Zhao, urged surrender whilst the other, led by Zhou Yu and Lu Su, opposed capitulation. Eventually, Sun Quan decided to oppose Cao Cao in the middle Yangtze with his superior riverine forces. Allied with Liu Bei and employing the combined strategies of Zhou Yu and Huang Gai, they defeated Cao Cao decisively at the Battle of Red Cliffs.\nIn 220, Cao Pi, King of Wei, Cao Cao's son and successor, seized the throne and proclaimed himself to be the Emperor of China, ending and succeeding the nominal rule of the Han dynasty. At first Sun Quan nominally served as a Wei vassal with the Wei-created title of King of Wu, but after Cao Pi demanded that he send his son Sun Deng as a hostage to the Wei capital Luoyang and he refused, in 222, he declared himself independent by changing his era name. It was not until the year 229 that he formally declared himself emperor.\nAfter the death of his original crown prince, Sun Deng, two opposing factions supporting different potential successors slowly emerged. When Sun He succeeded Sun Deng as the new crown prince, he was supported by Lu Xun and Zhuge Ke, while his rival Sun Ba was supported by Quan Cong and Bu Zhi and their clans. Over a prolonged internal power struggle, numerous officials were executed, and Sun Quan harshly settled the conflict between the two factions by exiling Sun He and forcing Sun Ba to commit suicide. Sun Quan died in 252 at the age of 70. He enjoyed the longest reign among all the founders of the Three Kingdoms and was succeeded by his son, Sun Liang.\nThe Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) describes Sun Quan as a tall man with bright eyes and oblong face. He was known as a wise and outgoing man who was fond of making jokes and playing tricks. Because of his skill in valuing the strength of his subordinates and avoiding their shortcomings, as well as treating them like his family, Sun Quan was able to delegate authority to capable figures. This primary strength served him well in gaining the support of the common people and surrounding himself with capable generals.", "Q285351": "Barbro Margareta Svensson (9 March 1938 \u2013 3 April 2018), better known as Lill-Babs, was a Swedish singer, actress and television presenter. From the early 1950s until her death in 2018, she was one of Sweden's best known and popular singers. She represented Sweden in the 1961 Eurovision Song Contest in Cannes with the song \"April, april\". She was also well-known for the song \"\u00c4r du k\u00e4r i mej \u00e4nnu Klas-G\u00f6ran?\" (\"Are You Still In Love With Me, Klas-G\u00f6ran?\").", "Q132345": "Shinzo Abe (\u5b89\u500d \u664b\u4e09, Abe Shinz\u014d, IPA: [abe \u0255in(d)zo\u02d0]; born 21 September 1954) is a Japanese politician who has been the Prime Minister of Japan since 2012. Abe is also currently the president of the conservative Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). He previously served as Chief Cabinet Secretary from 2005 to 2006, and as prime minister from 2006 to 2007, making him the longest-serving prime minister in Japanese history, since the office was first created in 1885.\nFirst elected to the House of Representatives in the 1993 election, he rose to be appointed chief cabinet secretary by Junichiro Koizumi, before replacing Koizumi as LDP president in September 2006. He was subsequently confirmed as prime minister by a special session of the National Diet, becoming, aged 52, Japan's youngest post-war prime minister, and the first to have been born after World War II. Abe resigned in September 2007, citing health reasons, shortly after his party lost the House of Councillors election that year. He was replaced by Yasuo Fukuda, the first in a series of five prime ministers who each failed to retain office for more than sixteen months.\nAfter recovering from illness, Abe staged an unexpected political comeback, defeating former defense minister Shigeru Ishiba in a vote to become LDP president for a second time in September 2012. Following the LDP's landslide victory in the general election that December, he became the first former prime minister to return to the office since Shigeru Yoshida in 1948. He was later re-elected in similar landslides in the 2014 and 2017 elections.\nAbe is a conservative whom political commentators have widely described as a right-wing nationalist. He is a member of Nippon Kaigi and holds revisionist views on Japanese history, including denying the role of government coercion in the recruitment of comfort women during World War II, a position which has created tension with neighboring South Korea. He is considered a hard-liner with respect to North Korea, and advocates revising Article 9 of the pacifist constitution to permit Japan to maintain military forces. Abe is known internationally for his government's economic policies, nicknamed Abenomics, which pursue monetary easing, fiscal stimulus, and structural reforms.\n\n", "Q8017185": "William Ralph Brody (born January 4, 1944) is an American radiologist and academic administrator. He was the President of The Johns Hopkins University, a position which he held from 1996 to 2009 before becoming the President of the Salk Institute from 2009 to 2015.", "Q516004": "(William) Denis Johnston (18 June 1901 \u2013 8 August 1984) was an Irish writer. Born in Dublin, he wrote mostly plays, but also works of literary criticism, a book-length biographical essay of Jonathan Swift, a memoir and an eccentric work on cosmology and philosophy. He also worked as a war correspondent, and as both a radio and television producer for the BBC. His first play, The Old Lady Says \"No!\", helped establish the worldwide reputation of the Dublin Gate Theatre; his second, The Moon in the Yellow River, has been performed around the globe in numerous productions featuring such storied names as James Mason, Jack Hawkins, Claude Rains, Barry Fitzgerald, James Coco and Errol Flynn. He played a role in the 1935 film version of John Millington Synge's Riders to the Sea.", "Q95114": "Massa Fiscaglia is a frazione of the comune of Fiscaglia in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Ferrara. It was a separate comune until 2014.", "Q28495": "Francis de Lorraine II, Prince of Joinville, Duke of Guise, Duke of Aumale (French: Fran\u00e7ois de Lorraine, duc de Guise; 17 February 1519 \u2013 24 February 1563), was a French general and politician. A prominent leader during the Italian War of 1551\u20131559 and French Wars of Religion, he was assassinated during the siege of Orleans in 1563.", "Q122156": "Eduard Ebel (born August 7, 1839 in Stargard, West Prussia; \u2020 January 30, 1905 in Halle (Saale)) was a German Protestant pastor, superintendent and poet. He became known above all as the author of the still popular winter song Leise rieselt der Schnee, whose text he published in 1895 under the title Weihnachtsgru\u00df.", "Q164103": "A Beautiful Mind is a 2001 American biographical drama film based on the life of the American mathematician John Nash, a Nobel Laureate in Economics and Abel Prize winner. The film was directed by Ron Howard, from a screenplay written by Akiva Goldsman. It was inspired by a bestselling, Pulitzer Prize-nominated 1998 book of the same name by Sylvia Nasar. The film stars Russell Crowe, along with Ed Harris, Jennifer Connelly, Paul Bettany, Adam Goldberg, Judd Hirsch, Josh Lucas, Anthony Rapp, and Christopher Plummer in supporting roles. The story begins in Nash's days as a graduate student at Princeton University. Early in the film, Nash begins to develop paranoid schizophrenia and endures delusional episodes while watching the burden his condition brings on wife Alicia and friends.\nThe film opened in the United States cinemas on December 21, 2001. It went on to gross over $313 million worldwide and won four Academy Awards, for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Supporting Actress. It was also nominated for Best Actor, Best Film Editing, Best Makeup and Best Original Score.It was well received by critics, but has been criticized for its inaccurate portrayal of some aspects of Nash's life, especially his other family and a son born out of wedlock. However, the filmmakers have stated that the film was not meant to be a literal representation of Nash's life.", "Q6352873": "The Kalinga Stadium is a multi-purpose International stadium in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Its foundation stone was laid by former chief minister of Odisha Late Biju Patnaik in 1978. It is situated in the heart of Bhubaneswar near Nayapalli area. It has facilities for athletics, soccer, field hockey, basketball, tennis, table tennis basketball, volleyball, Wall climbing and swimming. Other features of the stadium includes an 8-lane synthetic athletics track, high performance centres, and India's first Olympic standard pink and blue water-based AstroTurf. It will be used for the 2020 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.", "Q509124": "Yves-Thibault de Silguy (born 22 July 1948) is a French and European politician, born in Rennes, France. He served in the Santer Commission and was in charge of Economic and Financial Affairs. He was a member of the Club de l'horloge.", "Q208713": "Ixelles (French pronunciation: [iks\u025bl]; Dutch: Elsene pronounced [\u02c8\u025bls\u0259n\u0259] (listen)) is one of the nineteen municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium.\nIxelles is located in the suburbs towards the south of Brussels' city centre and is geographically bisected by the City of Brussels. It is also bordered by the municipalities of Auderghem, Etterbeek, Forest, Uccle, Saint-Gilles and Watermael-Boitsfort. It is generally considered an affluent area of the city and is particularly noted for its communities of European and Congolese immigrants. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French\u2013Dutch).", "Q102286": "Gerhard Kleinmagd (7 November 1937; Hamburg \u2013 17 November 2010) is a German politician, former member of the Christian Democratic Union, then member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. Kleinmagd was member of the Hamburg Parliament for the CDU between 1982 and 1993, and for the borough parliament of Eimsb\u00fcttel for the SPD until 2008.", "Q342": "Quimper (US: , French: [k\u025b\u0303p\u025b\u0281] (listen); Breton: Kemper [\u02c8k\u1ebdmp\u0259\u0281]; Latin: Civitas Aquilonia or Corisopitum) is a commune and capital of the Finist\u00e8re department of Brittany in northwestern France.\n\n", "Q186186": "The Ebnefluh (also known as the \u00c4beni Flue and the Ebenefluh) (3,962 m) is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies towards the eastern end of the Lauterbrunnen Wall.", "Q933157": "Ferenc Sn\u00e9tberger (born 6 February 1957) is a Hungarian jazz guitarist.\n\n", "Q315756": "Mike Leigh (born 20 February 1943) is an English writer and director of film and theatre. He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), East 15 Acting School and further at the Camberwell School of Art, the Central School of Art and Design and London Film School. He began as a theatre director and playwright in the mid-1960s.\nIn the 1970s and '80s his career moved between theatre work and making films for BBC Television. His well-known films include the comedy-dramas Life Is Sweet (1990) and Career Girls (1997), the Gilbert and Sullivan biographical film Topsy-Turvy (1999) and the bleak working-class drama All or Nothing (2002). His most notable works are the black comedy-drama Naked (1993), for which he won the Best Director Award at Cannes, the Oscar-nominated, BAFTA and Palme d'Or-winning drama Secrets & Lies (1996), the Golden Lion winning working-class drama Vera Drake (2004), and the Palme d'Or nominated biopic Mr. Turner (2014). His stage plays include Smelling A Rat, It's A Great Big Shame, Greek Tragedy, Goose-Pimples, Ecstasy and Abigail's Party.\nLeigh is known for his lengthy rehearsal and improvisation techniques with actors to build characters and narrative for his films. His purpose is to capture reality and present \"emotional, subjective, intuitive, instinctive, vulnerable films.\" His films and stage plays, according to critic Michael Coveney, \"comprise a distinctive, homogenous body of work which stands comparison with anyone's in the British theatre and cinema over the same period.\"Leigh, Coveney said, has helped to create stars \u2013 Liz Smith in Hard Labour, Alison Steadman in Abigail's Party, Brenda Blethyn in Grown-Ups, Antony Sher in Goose-Pimples, Gary Oldman and Tim Roth in Meantime, Jane Horrocks in Life is Sweet, David Thewlis in Naked\u2014and remarked that the list of actors who have worked with him over the years\u2014including Paul Jesson, Phil Daniels, Lindsay Duncan, Lesley Sharp, Kathy Burke, Stephen Rea, Julie Walters \u2013 \"comprises an impressive, almost representative, nucleus of outstanding British acting talent.\" His aesthetic has been compared to the sensibility of the Japanese director Yasujir\u014d Ozu and the Italian Federico Fellini. Ian Buruma, writing in The New York Review of Books in January 1994, commented: \"It is hard to get on a London bus or listen to the people at the next table in a cafeteria without thinking of Mike Leigh. Like other wholly original artists, he has staked out his own territory. Leigh's London is as distinctive as Fellini's Rome or Ozu's Tokyo.\"", "Q257217": "Anne Meara Stiller (September 20, 1929 \u2013 May 23, 2015) was an American actress and comedian. Along with her husband Jerry Stiller, she was one-half of a prominent 1960s comedy team, Stiller and Meara. Their son is actor Ben Stiller. She also was featured on stage, in television, and in numerous films, and later she became a playwright.\nDuring her career, Meara was nominated for four Emmy Awards and a Tony Award, and she won a Writers Guild Award as a co-writer for the TV movie The Other Woman.\n\n", "Q57241": "Hans Modrow (German pronunciation: [\u02c8hans \u02c8mo\u02d0d\u0281o]; born 27 January 1928) is a German left-wing politician best known as the last communist premier of East Germany. Taking office in the middle of the Peaceful Revolution, he was the de facto leader of the country for much of the winter of 1989 and 1990, attempting to delay German reunification. \nAfter the end of Communist rule and reunification of Germany, he was convicted of electoral fraud and perjury by the Dresden District Court in 1995. He was the honorary chairman of the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) and has been the president of the \"council of elders\" of the Left Party since 2007.", "Q115922": "Philip Schaff (January 1, 1819 \u2013 October 20, 1893) was a Swiss-born, German-educated Protestant theologian and ecclesiastical historian, who spent most of his adult life living and teaching in the United States.\n\n", "Q77191": "Herbert Mies (23 February 1929 \u2013 14 January 2017) was a German politician. He joined the Communist Party of Germany in 1945. Mies was elected chairman of the (West) German Communist Party in 1973. He was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize in 1985/1986. Mies resigned from his position as party chairman in October 1989.Mies died on 14 January 2017 in his hometown of Mannheim at the age of 87.", "Q201051": "Rishon LeZion (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05b4\u05d0\u05e9\u05c1\u05d5\u05b9\u05df \u05dc\u05b0\u05e6\u05b4\u05d9\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05df (audio) , lit. First to Zion) is the fourth largest city in Israel, located along the central Israeli coastal plain 8 km (5 mi) south of Tel Aviv. It is part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area.\nFounded in 1882 by Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire, it was the second Jewish farm settlement established in the land of Israel in the 19th century, after Petah Tikva. As of 2017, it is the fourth largest city in Israel with a population of 251,719.The city is a member of Forum 15 which is an association of fiscally autonomous cities in Israel that do not depend on national balancing or development grants.", "Q343510": "Oliver James Platt (born January 12, 1960) is an American\u2013Canadian actor. He has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award as well as Emmy and Screen Actors Guild Awards.", "Q124527": "James Grover Thurber (December 8, 1894 \u2013 November 2, 1961) was an American cartoonist, author, humorist, journalist, playwright, children's book author, and celebrated wit. He was best known for his cartoons and short stories published mainly in The New Yorker magazine, such as \"The Catbird Seat\", and collected in his numerous books. He was one of the most popular humorists of his time, as he celebrated the comic frustrations and eccentricities of ordinary people. He wrote the Broadway comedy The Male Animal in collaboration with his college friend Elliott Nugent; it was later adapted into a film starring Henry Fonda and Olivia de Havilland. His short story \"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty\" has been adapted for film twice, once in 1947 and again in 2013.", "Q247004": "Enno Patalas (15 October 1929, Quakenbr\u00fcck \u2013 7 August 2018, Munich) was a German film historian, collector, and expert film preservationist. A former head of the Munich Film Museum (1973\u20131994), his restorations include silent films such as Metropolis, M \u2013 Eine Stadt sucht einen M\u00f6rder and Die Nibelungen, all directed by Fritz Lang. Patalas also restored the film The Battleship Potemkin for viewing at the Berlin Film Festival in 2005.He, along with director Ulrich Gregor, wrote the influential film history book Geschichte des Films (History of Film).", "Q3337821": "Neil Heywood (20 October 1970 \u2013 14 November 2011) was an English businessman who worked in China. He was associated with Bo Xilai (the former Communist Party of China Committee Secretary for Chongqing, and a member of the Chinese Politburo).\nHeywood was found dead in a hotel room in Chongqing, and initial official reports (which have subsequently been challenged) attributed his death to alcohol poisoning. Media reports have suggested the former chief of police under Bo, Wang Lijun, may have had information concerning Heywood's death.Soon after Heywood's death (6 February 2012), Wang fled to the US consulate in Chengdu, and allegedly told US diplomats of Heywood having been poisoned, and Bo's family was involved in corruption. The incident precipitated Bo's high-profile sacking two weeks later. According to a reinvestigation by the Chinese authorities, evidence indicates Heywood having been murdered, with Gu Kailai, Bo Xilai's wife, and Zhang Xiaojun, an orderly at Bo's home, of being \"highly suspected\", according to Xinhua News. On 26 July 2012, Gu Kailai was charged with the murder of Heywood and in August was convicted of the crime.", "Q12735": "John Amos Comenius (Czech: Jan Amos Komensk\u00fd; German: Johann Amos Comenius; Latinized: Ioannes Amos Comenius; 28 March 1592, Moravian Slovakia \u2013 15 November 1670, Amsterdam) was a Czech philosopher, pedagogue and theologian from the Margraviate of Moravia who is considered the father of modern education. He served as the last bishop of the Unity of the Brethren before becoming a religious refugee and one of the earliest champions of universal education, a concept eventually set forth in his book Didactica Magna. As an educator and theologian, he led schools and advised governments across Protestant Europe through the middle of the seventeenth century.\nComenius introduced a number of educational concepts and innovations including pictorial textbooks written in native languages instead of Latin, teaching based in gradual development from simple to more comprehensive concepts, lifelong learning with a focus on logical thinking over dull memorization, equal opportunity for impoverished children, education for women, and universal and practical instruction. Besides his native Bohemian Crown, he lived and worked in other regions of the Holy Roman Empire, and other countries: Sweden, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Transylvania, England, the Netherlands and Hungary.", "Q98418": "Albert Friedrich Schlotterbeck (January 9, 1909 \u2013 April 7, 1979) was a German author who wrote prose fiction, plays, and radio plays, and was a local leader of the German Resistance during World War II.", "Q299988": "Petar \"Pera\" Bo\u017eovi\u0107 (Serbian: \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440 \"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0430\" \u0411\u043e\u0436\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; born 22 May 1946) is a Serbian actor.", "Q533284": "Gustavo Adri\u00e1n Cerati (11 August 1959 \u2013 4 September 2014) was an Argentine singer-songwriter, composer and producer, considered one of the most important and influential figures of Ibero-American rock. Cerati along with his band Soda Stereo, were one of the most popular and influential Spanish-language rock and pop groups of the 1980s and '90s.Cerati was the recipient of many awards throughout his career including various Grammys, MTV awards, as well as the MTV (Latin America) Legend Award with Soda Stereo, the first of its kind.On 15 May 2010, Cerati suffered a massive stroke in Caracas following a concert; the stroke left him in a coma, and four years later, on 4 September 2014, Cerati died of respiratory arrest in Buenos Aires aged 55. He and his band had intended to go to a show-after-party at the rock club Moulin Rouge, located on Francisco Solano L\u00f3pez Avenue in the Sabana Grande area of Caracas but his symptoms started developing backstage, right after his last performance concluded.\n\n", "Q379868": "Orhan Miro\u011flu (born in Mardin, Turkey) is a Turkish politician of Kurdish descent and a columnist for the Taraf daily newspaper as well as Today's Zaman. He is banned from politics for five years following the 2009 closure of the Democratic Society Party.He survived the 1992 assassination of Musa Anter, which he says was carried out by the Turkish Gendarmerie's JITEM.", "Q3902912": "Pier Luigi Romita (27 July 1924 \u2013 23 March 2003) was an Italian politician who was several time minister of the Italian Republic.", "Q75976": "Dr. Elisabeth Selbert (22 September 1896 \u2013 9 June 1986) was a German politician and lawyer. She was one of the four M\u00fctter des Grundgesetzes (German: Mothers of the Basic Law) \u2014 the inclusion of equality as a fundamental right in the German Constitution was largely her doing.", "Q89515": "Rudolf Tarnow (25 February 1867 in Parchim, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin - 19 May 1933 in Schwerin) was a Low German writer.\nRudolf Tarnow was born on 25 February 1867 in the city of Parchim, the oldest son of a shoemaker, Heinrich Tarnow, and his wife, Dorothea (n\u00e9e Pingel). He attended school from 1873 until 1881, claiming to be a very good student, although he often focused more on social life than schoolwork, which he saved for home.\nAfter success in school, he began a commercial apprenticeship in a textile factory in his home town, which he completed successfully in 1885. In 1896, he married, to Erna Bruns. From this relationship came three children, two sons, Walter and Rudolf, and a daughter, Elisabeth. After his service in the military, where he spent some years in the personal military company of the grand duke of Mecklenburg, he applied successfully to be the superintendent of the insane asylum in Schwerin.\nHe began to publish his work, which was written in Low German, around 1910, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the birth of fellow Low German author Fritz Reuter. On 7 October 1910 his poem \"Ein Randewuh im Rathaus zu Stavenhagen\" (English: A Rendezvous at the City Hall of Stavenhagen), was published as a special edition. After that, he published many poems, and also regularly published essays. His essays were taken from real-life experiences, focusing on, and making fun of, the weaknesses of his fellow man.\nOne of his best known works is \"K\u00f6ster Klickermann,\" where he combines his childhood memories of both school and church. Some of his work was lighter in tone, however. His love of children lead him to write the children\u2019s books and collections of children\u2019s poems as well. Tarnow died on 19 May 1933 in Schwerin, after a heart-related illness. Even today, many streets and schools in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern are named after Tarnow. A complete folio of Tarnow's works was found in storage in the city of Rostock in 1987.", "Q110872": "Gerhard Besier (born 30 November 1947, in Wiesbaden) is a German Lutheran theologian, historian and politician best known for his work on church-state relations in the Third Reich and in the German Democratic Republic.\n\n", "Q317169": "Eduard Marian Ilie (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8edu.ard mari\u02c8an i\u02c8li.e]; born 29 June 1986), better known by his stage name Edward Maya, is a Romanian DJ, musician, record producer, performer and singer-songwriter, most famous for his 2009 smash hit single \"Stereo Love\".", "Q1758698": "Panair do Brasil (or simply \"Panair\") was an airline of Brazil. Between 1945 and 1965 it was considered to be the largest carrier not only in Brazil but in all of Latin America. It ceased operations in 1965.", "Q734547": "North London is an informally and inexactly defined part of London, England, which covers some of the area of the capital lying north of the River Thames. It extends from Clerkenwell and Finsbury on the edge of the City of London financial district, to Greater London's boundary with Hertfordshire. \nThe term north London is used to differentiate the area from South London, East London and West London. Some parts of north London are also part of Central London. There is a northern postal area but this includes some areas not normally described as part of north London, while excluding many others that are.", "Q99706": "Alfred Gottschalk (March 7, 1930 \u2013 September 12, 2009) was a German-born American Rabbi who was a leader in the Reform Judaism movement, serving as head of the movement's Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion (HUC) for 30 years, as president from 1971 to 1996, and then as chancellor until 2000. In that role, Rabbi Gottschalk oversaw the ordination of the first women to be ordained as rabbis in the United States and Israel, and he oversaw the development of new HUC campuses in Jerusalem, Los Angeles and New York City, three of the school's four campuses.", "Q347986": "Stephen Philip Jones (born 3 September 1955) is an English rock guitarist, singer, actor and radio DJ, best known as a guitarist with the Sex Pistols. Following the split of the Sex Pistols, he formed The Professionals with former bandmate Paul Cook. He has also released two solo albums, and worked with the likes of Johnny Thunders, Iggy Pop, Bob Dylan and Thin Lizzy. In 1995, he formed the short lived supergroup Neurotic Outsiders with members of Guns N' Roses and Duran Duran. Jones was ranked in Rolling Stone's list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\".", "Q3132705": "Henry Croft (January 15, 1856 \u2014 July 28, 1917) was an Australian-born lumber and mining magnate on Vancouver Island from the 1880s to 1900s. Born in Australia, Croft moved to England at a young age and was educated there. He moved to Canada in 1883 and became involved in logging, purchasing the sawmill in Chemainus. Croft rose in prominence through his running of the mill, and further enhanced his standing by marrying a daughter of Robert Dunsmuir, a prominent industrialist on Vancouver Island. Croft was elected to the British Columbia Legislature in 1886, representing Cowichan, serving until 1894. He later became involved in mining on Mount Sicker, and founded the town of Crofton, British Columbia in 1902 as a place to house the smelter for mining.", "Q256121": "The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Rom\u00e2n, [p\u0251r\u02c8tidul k\u0254mun\u02c8ist r\u0254\u02c8m\u0268n], PCR) was a communist party in Romania. Successor to the pro-Bolshevik wing of the Socialist Party of Romania, it gave ideological endorsement to a communist revolution to overthrow the Kingdom of Romania. The PCR was a minor and illegal grouping for much of the interwar period, and submitted to direct Comintern control. During the 1930s, most of its activists were imprisoned or took refuge in the Soviet Union, which led to the creation of separate and competing factions until the 1950s. The Communist Party emerged as a powerful actor on the Romanian political scene in August 1944, when it became involved in the royal coup that toppled the pro-Nazi government of Ion Antonescu. With support from Soviet occupational forces, the PCR was able to force King Michael I into exile, and establish undisguised Communist rule in 1948.\nThe party operated under the title of Romanian Workers' Party from 1948 until 1965 when it was officially renamed by Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu who had just been elected secretary general. From 1953 until 1989, it was for all intents and purposes the only legally permitted party in the country.\nThe PCR was a communist party, organised on the basis of democratic centralism, a principle conceived by Russian Marxist theoretician Vladimir Lenin which entails democratic and open discussion on policy on the condition of unity in upholding the agreed upon policies. The highest body within the PCR was the Party Congress, which convened every five years. When the Congress was not in session, the Central Committee was the highest body. Because the Central Committee met twice a year, most day-to-day duties and responsibilities were vested in the Politburo. The party leader was the head of government and held the office of either General Secretary, Premier or head of state, particularly, the President of Romania.\nIdeogically, the PCR was committed to Marxism\u2013Leninism, a fusion of the original ideas of German philosopher and economic theorist Karl Marx, and Lenin, was introduced in 1929 by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, as the party's guiding ideology and would remain so throughout the rest of its existence. In 1947, the Communist Party absorbed much of the Romanian Social Democratic Party, while attracting various new members. In the early 1950s, the PCR's dominant wing around Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, with support from Stalin, defeated all the other factions and achieved full control over the party and country. After 1953, the Party gradually theorized a \"national path\" to Communism. At the same time, however, the party delayed the time to join its Warsaw Pact brethren in de-Stalinization. The PCR's nationalist and national communist stance was continued under the leadership of Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu. Following an episode of liberalization in the late 1960s, Ceau\u0219escu again adopted a hard line, and imposed the \"July Theses\", re-Stalinizing the party's rule by intensifying the spreading of communist ideology in Romanian society and at the same time consolidating his grip on power whilst using the Party's authority to brew a persuasive personality cult. Over the years, the PCR massively and artificially increased in size, becoming entirely submitted to Ceau\u0219escu's will. From the 1960s onward, it had a reputation for being somewhat more independent of the Soviet Union than its brethren in the Warsaw Pact. However, at the same time it became one of the most hardline parties in the Eastern Bloc. It collapsed in 1989 in the wake of the Romanian Revolution.\nThe PCR coordinated several organizations during its existence, including the Union of Communist Youth, and organized training for its cadres at the \u0218tefan Gheorghiu Academy. In addition to Sc\u00eenteia, its official platform and main newspaper between 1931 and 1989, the Communist Party issued several local and national publications at various points in its history (including, after 1944, Rom\u00e2nia Liber\u0103).", "Q181819": "Fredric March (born Ernest Frederick McIntyre Bickel; August 31, 1897 \u2013 April 14, 1975) was an American actor, regarded as \"one of Hollywood's most celebrated, versatile stars of the 1930s and 1940s\". He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931) and The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), as well as the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for Years Ago (1947) and Long Day's Journey into Night (1956).\nMarch is one of only two actors, the other being Helen Hayes, to have won both the Academy Award and the Tony Award twice.\n\n", "Q16553": "San Jose (; Spanish: [sa\u014b xo\u02c8se]; Spanish for '\"Saint Joseph\"'), officially the City of San Jos\u00e9, is the economic, cultural, and political center of Silicon Valley, and the largest city in Northern California (both by population and area). With an estimated 2018 population of 1,030,119, it is the third-most populous city in California (after Los Angeles and San Diego) and the tenth-most populous in United States. Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley, on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay, San Jose covers an area of 179.97 square miles (466.1 km2). San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County, the most affluent county in California and one of the most affluent counties in the United States. San Jose is the main component of the San Jose\u2013Sunnyvale\u2013Santa Clara Metropolitan Statistical Area, with an estimated population of around 2 million residents in 2018. It is also the most populous city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area, which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively.San Jose is a global city, notable as a center of innovation, for its affluence, Mediterranean climate, and extremely high cost of living. San Jose's location within the booming high tech industry, as a cultural, political, and economic center has earned the city the nickname \"Capital of Silicon Valley\". San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world, and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world (after Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland and Oslo, Norway), according to the Brookings Institution. The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the most millionaires and the most billionaires in the United States per capita. With a median home price of $1,085,000, San Jose has the most expensive housing market in the country and the fifth most expensive housing market in the world, according to the 2017 Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey. Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems, eBay, Adobe Systems, PayPal, Broadcom, Samsung, Acer, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, and Zoom maintain their headquarters in San Jose, in the center of Silicon Valley.\nBefore the arrival of the Spanish, the area around San Jose was inhabited by the Tamien nation of the Ohlone peoples of California. San Jose was founded on November 29, 1777, as the Pueblo de San Jos\u00e9 de Guadalupe, the first city founded in the Californias. It then became a part of Mexico in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence. Following the American Conquest of California during the Mexican\u2013American War, the territory was ceded to the United States in 1848. After California achieved statehood two years later, San Jose became the state's first capital. Following World War II, San Jose experienced an economic boom, with a rapid population growth and aggressive annexation of nearby cities and communities carried out in the 1950s and 1960s. The rapid growth of the high-technology and electronics industries further accelerated the transition from an agricultural center to an urbanized metropolitan area. Results of the 1990 U.S. Census indicated that San Jose had officially surpassed San Francisco as the most populous city in Northern California. By the 1990s, San Jose and the rest of Silicon Valley had become the global center for the high tech and internet industries, making it California's fastest-growing economy.", "Q364187": "Frederick Law Olmsted (April 26, 1822 \u2013 August 28, 1903) was an American landscape architect, journalist, social critic, and public administrator. He is popularly considered to be the father of American landscape architecture. Olmsted was famous for co-designing many well-known urban parks with his senior partner Calvert Vaux. One of Olmstead's early works included designing the Walnut Hill Park in New Britain, Connecticut. His later efforts included Central Park in New York City, Prospect Park in Brooklyn, New York and Cadwalader Park in Trenton. He headed the pre-eminent landscape architecture and planning consultancy of late nineteenth-century America, which was carried on and expanded by his sons, Frederick Jr and John C, under the name Olmsted Brothers.Other projects that Olmsted was involved in include the country's first and oldest coordinated system of public parks and parkways in Buffalo, New York; the country's oldest state park, the Niagara Reservation in Niagara Falls, New York; one of the first planned communities in the United States, Riverside, Illinois; Mount Royal Park in Montreal, Quebec; the Institute of Living in Hartford, Connecticut; the Emerald Necklace in Boston, Massachusetts; Highland Park in Rochester, New York; Belle Isle Park, in the Detroit River for Detroit, Michigan; the Grand Necklace of Parks in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Cherokee Park and entire parks and parkway system in Louisville, Kentucky; the 735-acre (297 ha) Forest Park in Springfield, Massachusetts, featuring America's first public \"wading pool\"; the George Washington Vanderbilt II Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina; the master plans for the University of California, Berkeley, the University of Maine, and Stanford University near Palo Alto, California, as well as for The Lawrenceville School; and Montebello Park in St. Catharines, Ontario. In Chicago his projects include: Jackson Park; Washington Park; the Midway Plaisance for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition; the south portion of Chicago's \"emerald necklace\" boulevard ring; and the University of Chicago campus. In Washington, D.C., he worked on the landscape surrounding the United States Capitol building.\nThe quality of Olmsted's landscape architecture was recognized by his contemporaries, who showered him with prestigious commissions. Daniel Burnham said of him, \"He paints with lakes and wooded slopes; with lawns and banks and forest-covered hills; with mountainsides and ocean views ...\" \nHis work, especially in Central Park in New York City, set a standard of excellence that continues to influence landscape architecture in the United States. He was an early and important activist in the conservation movement, including work at Niagara Falls; the Adirondack region of upstate New York; and the National Park system; and though little known, played a major role in organizing and providing medical services to the Union Army in the Civil War.", "Q61903": "Norbert R\u00f6ttgen (born 2 July 1965) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He was Federal Minister for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2009 to May 2012.\n\n", "Q7811255": "To the Ends of the Earth is a three-part BBC television miniseries adaptation of the trilogy of novels of the same name by William Golding. It premiered in the United Kingdom on BBC Two in July 2005, and in the United States on PBS as part of Masterpiece Theatre in October 2006.\nStarring Benedict Cumberbatch and Jared Harris, the series was critically acclaimed with The New York Times calling it \"an intriguing drama\" and The Guardian \"the best TV drama of the year by a nautical mile.\"A BBC press release quoted Cumberbatch's description of the series as \"...a sort of rock and roll 1812 period drama about a young man\u2019s gap year. It\u2019s full of filth, dirt, discovery, sex, drugs, dancing, love, spiritual awakenings and massive sweeping changes!\u201d", "Q434299": "Alice Arno, (born June 29, 1946) is a French actress and model, best known for her roles in European sexploitation and horror film genre.", "Q19660": "Bucharest (UK: BOO-k\u0259-REST, US: -\u2060rest; Romanian: Bucure\u0219ti [buku\u02c8re\u0283t\u02b2] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, at 44\u00b025\u203257\u2033N 26\u00b006\u203214\u2033E, on the banks of the D\u00e2mbovi\u021ba River, less than 60 km (37.3 mi) north of the Danube River and the Bulgarian border.\nBucharest was first mentioned in documents in 1459. It became the capital of Romania in 1862 and is the centre of Romanian media, culture, and art. Its architecture is a mix of historical (neo-classical and Art Nouveau), interbellum (Bauhaus, and art deco), communist era and modern. In the period between the two World Wars, the city's elegant architecture and the sophistication of its elite earned Bucharest the nickname of 'Paris of the East' (Romanian: Parisul Estului) or 'Little Paris' (Romanian: Micul Paris). Although buildings and districts in the historic city centre were heavily damaged or destroyed by war, earthquakes, and even Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu's program of systematization, many survived and have been renovated. In recent years, the city has been experiencing an economic and cultural boom. It is one of the fastest-growing high-tech cities in Europe, according to Financial Times, CBRE, TechCrunch and others. UiPath, a global startup founded in Bucharest, has reached $7 billion in valuation. Since 2019, Bucharest hosts the largest high tech summit in Southeast Europe (Romania Blockchain Summit).In 2016, the historical city centre was listed as 'endangered' by the World Monuments Watch. In 2017, Bucharest was the European city with the highest growth of tourists who stay over night, according to the Mastercard Global Index of Urban Destinations. As for the past two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019, Bucharest ranked as the European destination with the highest potential for development according to the same study.According to the 2011 census, 1,883,425 inhabitants live within the city limits, a decrease from the 2002 census. Adding the satellite towns around the urban area, the proposed metropolitan area of Bucharest would have a population of 2.27 million people. Bucharest is the fifth largest city in the European Union by population within city limits, after Berlin, Madrid, Rome, and Paris.\nEconomically, Bucharest is the most prosperous city in Romania. The city has a number of large convention facilities, educational institutes, cultural venues, traditional 'shopping arcades' and recreational areas.\nThe city proper is administratively known as the 'Municipality of Bucharest' (Municipiul Bucure\u0219ti), and has the same administrative level as that of a national county, being further subdivided into six sectors, each governed by a local mayor.", "Q1357984": "Shouguang (simplified Chinese: \u5bff\u5149; traditional Chinese: \u58fd\u5149; pinyin: Sh\u00f2ugu\u0101ng) is a county-level city in the north-central part of Shandong Province, China, situated on the southwest shore of the Laizhou Bay. Under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Weifang, it has 1,139,454 people residing within the municipality and its surrounding towns and villages as of the 2010 Census, even though the built-up (or metro) area is much smaller.", "Q40715": "Jennifer Lynn Lopez (born July 24, 1969), also known by her nickname J.Lo, is an American actress, singer, dancer, fashion designer, producer, and businesswoman. In 1991, Lopez began appearing as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color, where she remained a regular until she decided to pursue an acting career in 1993. For her first leading role in the 1997 Selena biopic of the same name, Lopez received a Golden Globe nomination and became the first Latin actress to earn over US$1 million for a film. She went on to star in Anaconda (1997) and Out of Sight (1998), later establishing herself as the highest-paid Latin actress in Hollywood.Lopez ventured into the music industry with her debut studio album On the 6 (1999), which helped propel the Latin pop movement in American music. With the simultaneous release of her second studio album J.Lo and her romantic comedy The Wedding Planner in 2001, Lopez became the first woman to have a number one album and film in the same week. Her 2002 remix album, J to tha L\u2013O! The Remixes, became the first in history to debut at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200. Later that year, she released her third studio album This Is Me... Then, and starred in the US box office number-one Maid in Manhattan.\nAfter starring in Gigli (2003), a critical and commercial failure, Lopez subsequently starred in the successful romantic comedies Shall We Dance? (2004) and Monster-in-Law (2005). Her fifth studio album, Como Ama una Mujer (2007), received the highest first-week sales for a debut Spanish album in the United States. Following an unsuccessful period, she returned to prominence in 2011 with her appearance as a judge on American Idol, and released her seventh studio album Love?. From 2016 to 2018, she starred in the crime drama series Shades of Blue and performed a residency show, Jennifer Lopez: All I Have, at Planet Hollywood Las Vegas. Since 2017, Lopez has produced and served as a judge on World of Dance. In 2019, she received critical praise for starring as a stripper in the crime drama Hustlers, for which she earned Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations.\nWith a cumulative film gross of US$3.1 billion and estimated global sales of 70 million records, Lopez is regarded as the most influential Latin performer in the United States. In 2012, Forbes ranked her as the most powerful celebrity in the world, as well as the 38th most powerful woman in the world. Time listed her among the 100 most influential people in the world in 2018. Her most successful singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 include: \"If You Had My Love\", \"I'm Real\", \"Ain't It Funny\", \"All I Have\", and \"On the Floor\", which is one of the best-selling singles of all time. For her contributions to the music industry, Lopez has received a landmark star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, the Billboard Icon Award, and the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award among other honors. Her other ventures include clothing lines, fragrances, a production company, and a charitable foundation.", "Q5465056": "Fonotipia Records, or Dischi Fonotipia, was an Italian gramophone record label established in 1904 with a charter to record the art of leading opera singers and some other celebrity musicians, chiefly violinists. Fonotipia continued to operate into the electrical recording era, which commenced in 1925\u201326, by which time the company had been absorbed into Odeon records. The records made by Fonotipia are prized by collectors and musicologists for their high technical quality, and for the high artistic merit and interest of much of what was captured for posterity.\nThe Fonotipia catalogues were reconstructed, so far as then possible, by the discophiles J.R. Bennett and James Dennis in 1953, and published in a limited edition. Fifty years later, a complete discography with accurate recording-session dates was compiled and made available to the public, following the rediscovery of key company documents. Fonotipia is not to be confused with the Phonotype record label which was active for part of the same period.\n\n", "Q201079": "Barbara Bonney (born April 14, 1956) is an American soprano. She is associated to lyric soprano roles in operas by Mozart and Richard Strauss as well as lieder performances.", "Q312011": "Isaac Merritt Singer (October 27, 1811 \u2013 July 23, 1875) was an American inventor, actor, and businessman. He made important improvements in the design of the sewing machine and was the founder of what became one of the first American multi-national businesses, the Singer Sewing Machine Company.Many others, including Walter Hunt and Elias Howe, had patented sewing machines before Singer, but his success was based on the practicality of his machine, the ease with which it could be adapted to home use, and its availability on an installment payment basis.Singer died in 1875, a millionaire dividing his $14 million fortune unequally among 20 of his children by his wives and various mistresses; one son, who supported his mother in her divorce case, received $500.", "Q57269": "Felipe de Jes\u00fas Calder\u00f3n Hinojosa, (Spanish pronunciation: [fe\u02c8lipe kalde\u02c8\u027eon] (listen); born 19 August 1962) is a Mexican politician who served as the 56th President of Mexico from 1 December 2006 to 30 November 2012. He was a member of the National Action Party (Partido Acci\u00f3n Nacional, PAN) for thirty years before quitting the party in November 2018.\nHis father was Luis Calder\u00f3n Vega, one of the founders of the PAN as well as one of its most prominent members; Felipe himself joined the aforementioned party in the 80s. Prior to becoming President, Calder\u00f3n received two master's degrees and went on to work within the PAN when it was still an opposition party during the PRI regime. Calder\u00f3n served as National President of the party, Federal Deputy, and Secretary of Energy in Vicente Fox's cabinet. He served in the cabinet of the previous administration up until he resigned to run for the Presidency and secured his party's nomination.\nIn the 2006 Presidential election, he ran as the PAN candidate. After a heated campaign and a controversial electoral process, the Federal Electoral Institute's official results gave Calder\u00f3n a tiny lead (less than 1% of advantage of the total votes) above PRD candidate Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador. While L\u00f3pez Obrador and the PRD disputed the results and called for a complete recount of the votes, Calder\u00f3n's victory was confirmed months later on September 5, 2006, by the Federal Electoral Tribunal. Calder\u00f3n's inauguration ceremony at the Congress of the Union was tense and lasted less than five minutes, as he only recited the oath of office while the PRD legislators shouted in protest against the alleged electoral fraud, and afterwards he quickly left the building for security reasons as some of the legislators engaged in violent brawls.His presidency was marked by his declaration of \"war\" against the drug cartels only ten days after taking office; this was considered by most observers as an immediate strategy to gain popular legitimacy for the new President after the convoluted elections. Calder\u00f3n sanctioned Operation Michoac\u00e1n, the first large-scale deployment of federal troops against the drug cartels. By the end of his administration, the official number of deaths related to the drug war was at least 60,000. The murder rate skyrocketed during his presidency parallel to that of the ignition of the drug war, with the murder rate peaking in 2010 and decreasing during the last two years of his term. The main architect of the drug war, Genaro Garc\u00eda Luna (who was Secretary of Public Security during the entirety of Calder\u00f3n's administration), was arrested on the United States in 2019 due to alleged links with the Sinaloa cartel.Calder\u00f3n's term was also marked by the Great Recession, which resulted in a 4.7% drop in gross domestic product for 2009. An economic recovery the following year resulted in growth of 5.11%. In 2007, Calder\u00f3n established ProM\u00e9xico, a public trust fund that promotes Mexico's interests in international trade and investment. The total foreign direct investment during Calder\u00f3n's presidency was US$70.494 billion. As a result of the countercyclical package passed in 2009 to address the effects of the global recession, the national debt increased from 22.2% to 35% of GDP by December 2012. The poverty rate increased from 43 to 46%.Other significant events during Calder\u00f3n's presidency include the 2008 passing of criminal justice reforms (fully implemented in 2016), the 2009 flu pandemic, the 2010 establishment of the Agencia Espacial Mexicana, the 2011 founding of the Pacific Alliance and the achievement of universal healthcare through Seguro Popular (passed under the Fox administration) in 2012. Under the Calder\u00f3n administration sixteen new Protected Natural Areas were created. He began a one-year fellowship at John F. Kennedy School of Government in January 2013, and returned to Mexico following the end of his tenure.\nHe left the National Action Party (PAN) on 11 November 2018, and stated that he intends to form his own political party.", "Q18638539": "Edward Keane (May 28, 1884 \u2013 October 12, 1959) was an American film actor. He appeared in more than 300 films between 1921 and 1955.", "Q133073": "Dunedin ( (listen) duh-NEE-din; M\u0101ori: \u014ctepoti) is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand (after Christchurch), and the principal city of the Otago region. Its name comes from D\u00f9n \u00c8ideann, the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland.The urban area of Dunedin lies on the central-eastern coast of Otago, surrounding the head of Otago Harbour, and the harbour and hills around Dunedin are the remnants of an extinct volcano. The city suburbs extend out into the surrounding valleys and hills, onto the isthmus of the Otago Peninsula, and along the shores of the Otago Harbour and the Pacific Ocean. Dunedin was the largest New Zealand city by territorial land area until superseded by Auckland with the formation of the Auckland Council in November 2010.\nArchaeological evidence points to lengthy occupation of the area by M\u0101ori prior to the arrival of Europeans. The province and region of Otago takes its name from the Ng\u0101i Tahu village of Otakou at the mouth of the harbour, which became a whaling station in the 1830s.\nIn 1848 a Scottish settlement was established by the Lay Association of the Free Church of Scotland. Between 1855 and 1900 many thousands of Scots emigrated to the incorporated city. Dunedin became wealthy during the Central Otago Gold Rush, beginning in the 1860s. In the mid-1860s, and between 1878 and 1881, it was New Zealand's largest urban area. The city population at 5 March 2013 was 120,246. While Hamilton, Tauranga and Lower Hutt have eclipsed the city in size of population since the 1980s to make it only the seventh-largest urban area in New Zealand, Dunedin is still considered one of the four main cities of New Zealand for historic, cultural and geographic reasons.Dunedin has a diverse economy, which includes manufacturing, publishing and technology-based industries as well as education, research and tourism. The city's most important activity centres around tertiary education\u2014Dunedin is home to the University of Otago, New Zealand's oldest university (established 1869), and the Otago Polytechnic. Students account for a large proportion of the population; 21.6 per cent of the city's population was aged between 15 and 24 at the 2006 census, compared to the New Zealand average of 14.2 per cent. In 2014 Dunedin was designated as a UNESCO City of Literature.", "Q219150": "Constantine is a 2005 American occult detective film directed by Francis Lawrence, in his feature-length directorial debut, and starring Keanu Reeves as John Constantine. Rachel Weisz, Shia LaBeouf, Tilda Swinton, Pruitt Taylor Vince, Djimon Hounsou, Gavin Rossdale, and Peter Stormare co-star. With a screenplay by Kevin Brodbin and Frank Cappello, the film is based on DC Comics' Hellblazer comic book, with plot elements taken from the \"Dangerous Habits\" story arc (issues #41\u201346) and the \"Original Sins\" story arc. The film portrays John Constantine as a cynic with the ability to perceive and communicate with half-angels and half-demons in their true form. He seeks salvation from eternal damnation in Hell for a suicide attempt in his youth. Constantine exorcises demons back to Hell to earn favor with Heaven but has become weary over time. With terminal lung cancer, he helps a troubled police detective learn the truth about her twin sister's death while simultaneously unraveling a much larger and darker plot.\nThe character of John Constantine was introduced by comic book writer/creator Alan Moore while writing the Swamp Thing, first appearing there in June 1985. In 1988, the character of John Constantine was given his own comic book title, Hellblazer, published by DC Comics. The \"Dangerous Habits\" story arc was written by Garth Ennis in 1991.Constantine was released in the United States and Canada on February 18, 2005, and in Hong Kong on February 8, 2005. The film grossed $230.9 million worldwide from a $100 million budget.", "Q94544": "Tony Schumacher (17 May 1848 in Ludwigsburg \u2013 10 July 1931 in Ludwigsburg; born Antonie Louise Christiane Marie Sophie von Baur-Breitenfeld) was a German author. Together with Thekla von Gumpert, Isabella Braun, Ottilie Wildermuth, Johanna Spyri, Agnes Sapper and others she belongs to the most well known German children books authors of the 19th and early 20th century.", "Q674177": "Jos\u00e9 S\u00e1nchez Guerra y Martinez (June 28, 1859, C\u00f3rdoba \u2013 January 26, 1935, Madrid) was a Spanish journalist, lawyer and Prime Minister. His term as Prime Minister lasted from March 8 to December 7, 1922. He was a Conservative who has been described as \"courageous\" and \"politically mediocre.\"", "Q83038": "Salvatore Quasimodo (Italian: [salva\u02c8to\u02d0re kwa\u02c8zi\u02d0modo]; August 20, 1901 \u2013 June 14, 1968) was a Sicilian novelist and poet. In 1959 he won the Nobel Prize in Literature \"for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times\". Along with Giuseppe Ungaretti and Eugenio Montale, he is one of the foremost Italian poets of the 20th century.", "Q435839": "Ashley Williams Dodson (born November 12, 1978) known as Ashley Williams is an American actress. She is known for starring in the television series The Jim Gaffigan Show on TV Land and in the NBC series Good Morning Miami. Over the many years of its run, Williams played fan favorite Victoria on the hit CBS series How I Met Your Mother opposite Josh Radnor. She has starred in more than a dozen different television pilots over the years and done over 150 episodes of television in addition to television movies for The Hallmark Channel, Lifetime Television, and ABC Family. She's worked in studio and independent films, regional theater, Off-Broadway, and on Broadway. Williams is also a certified birth doula.", "Q84757": "Anselm Franz (January 21, 1900 \u2013 November 18, 1994) was a pioneering Austrian jet engine engineer known for the development of the Jumo 004, the world's first mass-produced turbojet engine by Nazi Germany during World War II, and his work on turboshaft designs in the U.S. after the war as part of Operation Paperclip, including the T53, the world's first helicopter turboshaft engine, the T55, the AGT-1500, and the PLFIA-2, the world's first high-bypass turbofan engine.", "Q508574": "William Dean \"Billy\" Martin (born June 15, 1981 in Annapolis, Maryland) is an American musician best known as the rhythm guitarist and keyboardist of the pop punk band Good Charlotte.", "Q445306": "Sir Marc Isambard Brunel (, French: [ma\u0281k iz\u0251\u0303ba\u0281 b\u0281yn\u025bl]; 25 April 1769 \u2013 12 December 1849) was an English engineer. He is best known for the construction of the Thames Tunnel and as the father of Isambard Kingdom Brunel.\nBorn in France, Brunel fled to the United States during the French Revolution. In 1796, he was appointed Chief Engineer of New York City. He moved to London in 1799, where he married Sophia Kingdom. In addition to the construction of the Thames Tunnel, his work as a mechanical engineer included the design of machinery to automate the production of pulley blocks for the Royal Navy.\nBrunel preferred the given name Isambard, but is generally known to history as Marc to avoid confusion with his more famous son.", "Q4352944": "550 Music (originally known as Sony 550 Music) was a unit of Sony Music Entertainment, which operated through Sony Music's Epic Records division while in activity. Launched in 1992, the \"550\" name was inspired by the address of the Sony building, located at 550 Madison Avenue in New York. The label was folded in 2000 by Epic Records, it was part of the restructuring when Tommy Mottola was leaving Sony Music.", "Q1063441": "Charles-S\u00e9raphin Rodier (4 October 1797 \u2013 4 February 1876) was a Canadian merchant, lawyer, mayor of Montreal and legislative councillor of Quebec.\nBorn in Montreal, Lower Canada, the son of Jean-Baptiste Rodier and Julie-Catherine Le Jeune, Rodier was a merchant who ran a dry goods shop in Montreal. He was the first merchant in Montreal to import goods from Great Britain and France. He retired in 1836.\nHe decided to become a lawyer and studied law with Samuel Cornwallis Monk and Alexander Buchanan. He was admitted to the bar in 1841 but did not practice law. He was also a director of the Banque Jacques Cartier.\nHe was a member of the Montreal City Council from 1833 to 1836. In 1837, he was appointed one of the justices of the peace to administer the city. In 1840, he was appointed a member of the City Council and served until 1843. From 1840 to 1850, he was a harbour commissioner. He was elected mayor of Montreal in 1858 and was re-elected in 1859, 1860, and 1861. He was defeated in 1862 by Jean-Louis Beaudry. While he was mayor the Victoria Bridge was completed in 1859. In 1867, he was appointed Legislative Council of Quebec for the division of De Lorimier. He served until his death in 1876.\nHe was also involved with the militia during his life. He was commissioned ensign and acting as quartermaster of the Montreal 2nd Battalion in 1821. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1828, Captain in 1831, Major in 1847, and Lieutenant-Colonel of the 7th Montreal Battalion in 1862.\nHis nephew, Charles-S\u00e9raphin Rodier, was a member of the Senate of Canada.", "Q85449": "The National Technical University of Ukraine \"Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute\" (NTUU \"KPI\") is a major university in Kiev, Ukraine. In January 2012 Webometrics Ranking KPI made it into top 1,000 \u2013 taking 957th place out of 20,300 universities, 510th (February 2013).", "Q77807": "Barbara Sch\u00f6neberger (born 5 March 1974) is a German actress, singer, and TV presenter.", "Q92135": "Captain Franz Dagobert Johannes von Rintelen (19 August 1878 \u2013 30 May 1949) was a German Naval Intelligence officer in the United States during World War I.", "Q122618": "Margot Kalinke (born 23 April 1909 in Barcin, Poland, died 25 November 1981 in Munich, Germany) was a German politician of the German Party and later the Christian Democratic Union.", "Q2415": "Kristiansand municipality underwent a municipal merger on 1 January 2020.\n\nKristiansand (, also US: , Norwegian: [kr\u026astj\u0251n\u02c8s\u0251n\u02d0] (listen)), historically spelled Christianssand and Christiansand, is a city and municipality Agder county, Norway. It is the fifth largest city in Norway and the municipality is the sixth largest in Norway, with a population of around 112,000 as of January 2020, following the incorporation of the municipalities of S\u00f8gne and Songdalen into the new and revised municipality of greater Kristiansand. In addition to the city itself, Statistics Norway counts four other densely populated areas in the municipality: Sk\u00e5levik in Flekker\u00f8y with a population of 3,526 in the V\u00e5gsbygd borough, Strai with a population of 1,636 in the Grim borough, Justvik with a population of 1,803 in the Lund borough, and Tveit with a population of 1,396 (as of January 2012) in the Oddernes borough. Kristiansand is divided into five boroughs: Grim, which is located northwest in Kristiansand with a population of 15,000; Kvadraturen, which is the centre and downtown Kristiansand with a population of 5,200; Lund, the second largest borough; S\u00f8gne, with a population of around 12,000 and incorporated into the municipality of Kristiansand as of January 2020; Oddernes, a borough located in the west; and V\u00e5gsbygd, the largest borough with a population of 36,000, located in the southwest.\nKristiansand is connected by four main roads: European Route E18 from Oslo, Aust-Agder and covers the eastern part of Kristiansand; European route E39 from Stavanger, Flekkefjord and the coast towns and villages in Vest-Agder; Norwegian National Road 9 from Evje, Setesdal and Grim; and Norwegian National Road 41 from Telemark, northern Aust-Agder, Birkeland, Tveit and the airport Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik. Varodd Bridge is a large bridge and a part of E18, which stretches over Topdalsfjorden.\nTourism is important in Kristiansand, and the summer season is the most popular for tourists. Kristiansand Zoo and Amusement park is the largest zoo in Norway. It receives over 900,000 visitors every year. Markens Street is the main pedestrian street in downtown Kristiansand. Bystranda is a city beach located in Kvadraturen; in addition, Hamresanden beach is the longest beach in Kristiansand. Hamresanden Camping is a popular family camp during the summer season. The city hosts a free concert in downtown Kristiansand once every week in the summer. Outside the city is the industry park S\u00f8rlandsparken, which has S\u00f8rlandssenteret, the largest mall in Norway.", "Q59522": "Joshua Jacob Morrow (born February 8, 1974) is an American actor. In 1994, he began his career when he was cast in the role of Nicholas Newman on The Young and the Restless. From 1998 he joined the soul-pop group 3Deep; the group disbanded in 2001.", "Q186810": "13 Assassins (Japanese: \u5341\u4e09\u4eba\u306e\u523a\u5ba2, Hepburn: J\u016bsannin no Shikaku) is a 2010 samurai martial arts film directed by Takashi Miike; it is a remake of Eiichi Kudo's 1963 Japanese period drama film 13 Assassins. Loosely based on historical events, the Miike version is set in 1844 toward the end of the Edo period where a group of thirteen assassins\u2014comprising twelve samurai and a hunter\u2014secretly plot to assassinate the savage leader of the Akashi clan, Lord Matsudaira Naritsugu, to thwart his appointment to the powerful Shogunate Council.\nThe film stars K\u014dji Yakusho, Takayuki Yamada, S\u014dsuke Takaoka, Hiroki Matsukata, Kazuki Namioka, and Gor\u014d Inagaki. It is the third film in which Yamada and Takaoka co-starred, the first two being Crows Zero and Crows Zero 2, both directed by Miike. Principal photography took place in the course of two months in Tsuruoka, Yamagata, in northern Japan, in the period from July to September 2009. The film opened in Japan on 25 September 2010 and in the United States on 29 April 2011. Western critics gave the film positive reviews and compared it favourably with Kurosawa's oeuvre.\n\n", "Q935268": "Hungarian literature is the body of written works primarily produced in Hungarian, and may also include works written in other languages (mostly Latin), either produced by Hungarians or having topics which are closely related to Hungarian culture. While it was less known in the English-speaking world for centuries, Hungary's literature gained renown in the 19th and 20th centuries, thanks to a new wave of internationally accessible writers like M\u00f3r J\u00f3kai, Antal Szerb, S\u00e1ndor M\u00e1rai, Imre Kert\u00e9sz and Magda Szab\u00f3.\n\n", "Q286116": "Alfred Bester (December 18, 1913 \u2013 September 30, 1987) was an American science fiction author, TV and radio scriptwriter, magazine editor and scripter for comic strips and comic books. He is best remembered for his science fiction, including The Demolished Man, winner of the inaugural Hugo Award in 1953.\nScience fiction author Harry Harrison wrote, \"Alfred Bester was one of the handful of writers who invented modern science fiction.\"Shortly before his death, the Science Fiction Writers of America (SFWA) named Bester its ninth Grand Master, presented posthumously in 1988.\nThe Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame inducted him in 2001.", "Q469834": "Aster Aweke (Amharic: \u12a0\u1235\u1274\u122d \u12a0\u12c8\u1240; born 1959) is an Ethiopian singer. She is known for her 1999 album Hagere, and her 2008 album Fikir. She left to live in the United States in 1981, and she first came back to home-county Ethiopia in 1997.", "Q214474": "Gerry Wolff (23 June 1920 \u2013 16 February 2005) was a German actor. He was born in Bremen, Germany and died in Oranienburg, Brandenburg, Germany.", "Q99060": "Johann Ludwig Tellkampf (28 January 1808 \u2013 15 February 1876) was a German scholar and politician who taught in Germany and the United States.", "Q96353": "Fritz Tobias (born October 3, 1912, in Charlottenburg, \u2020 January 1, 2011, in Hannover) was a German author, government official and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. He was most recently Ministerialrat in the Lower Saxony Ministry of the Interior, where he belonged to the State Office for the Protection of the Constitution of Lower Saxony.In the 1960s, he became known by his statements to the Reichstag fire. As \"amateur historian\" Fritz Tobias had taken the trouble to explore the history of the events in Berlin on February 27, 1933. According to Tobias controversial findings the Nazis were not guilty and the historically significant arson would have been the action of Marinus van der Lubbe as a single perpetrator.", "Q657976": "The Puhdys (German pronunciation: [\u02c8pu\u02d0dis]) were a veteran German rock band, formed in Oranienburg (Brandenburg), GDR, in 1969, although by then they had been performing together\u2014with various lineups\u2014as the Puhdys since 1965. Although they are especially popular in their native eastern Germany, the Puhdys enjoyed significant success outside the GDR, and were one of the first East German bands allowed to tour West Germany. They are one of the most successful German-language rock groups.", "Q951922": "John Sack (March 24, 1930 \u2013 March 27, 2004) was an American literary journalist and war correspondent. He was the only journalist to cover each American war over half a century.", "Q327914": "Indro Alessandro Raffaello Schizogene Montanelli Knight Grand Cross OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8indro monta\u02c8n\u025blli]; 22 April 1909 \u2013 22 July 2001) was an Italian journalist and historian, considered the best Italian journalist of the 20th century. \nHe was among the 50 World Press Freedom Heroes of the previous 50 years named by the International Press Institute in 2000. He distinguished himself for his original approach to writing history in books such as History of the Greeks and History of Rome.\n\n", "Q852581": "South Pasadena is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 25,619, up from 24,292 at the 2000 census. It is located in the West San Gabriel Valley. It is 3.42 square miles in area and lies between the much larger city of Pasadena, of which it was once a part, and the metropolis of Los Angeles. South Pasadena is the oldest self-builder of floats in the historic Tournament of Roses Parade.", "Q1077434": "Yves Mondesir (born October 12, 1975), better known by his stage name DJ Whoo Kid, is an American\u2013Haitian Hip Hop DJ. He is currently signed to G-Unit Records and its subsidiary label, Shadyville Entertainment. He is the host of The Whoolywood Shuffle on Sirius/XM Radio Shade 45, and in March 2009. His productions often use a sound clip of shouting his DJ name, with an echo effect. He's had two albums chart on the Billboard 200, XXL Presents: Bad Season with Tech N9ne (#118 in 2011) and The Whoodlum Ball with Smith and Hay and Ranna Royce (#156 in 2018).", "Q1487242": "The Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Saar is a conservatory of music in Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany and dates back to 1947. From 1994 until 2002, it was named Hochschule des Saarlandes f\u00fcr Musik und Theater (University of Music and Drama Saarbr\u00fccken). Since 2012, the rector is Prof. Wolfgang Mayer. As of 2019, approximately 450 students are enrolled and taught by 150 teachers in courses and classes for musicians and music teachers.", "Q774605": "Attila Ara-Kov\u00e1cs (born 14 January 1953 in Oradea, Romania) is a Hungarian politician, philosopher and journalist who was nominated to the fourth place in the Democratic Coalition's European Parliament list, subsequently, he was elected a Member of the European Parliament for Hungary in the 2019 election.", "Q272929": "Roseann O'Donnell (born March 21, 1962) is an American comedian, producer, actress, author, and television personality. She began her comedy career as a teenager and received her breakthrough on the television series Star Search in 1984. After a series of television and film roles that introduced her to a larger national audience, O'Donnell hosted her own syndicated daytime talk show, The Rosie O'Donnell Show, between 1996 and 2002, which won several Daytime Emmy Awards. During this period, she developed the nickname \"Queen of Nice\", as well as a reputation for philanthropic efforts.\nFrom 2006 to 2007, O'Donnell endured a controversial run as the moderator on the daytime talk show The View, which included a public feud with Donald Trump and on-air disputes regarding the Bush administration's policies with the Iraq War. She hosted Rosie Radio on Sirius XM Radio between 2009 and 2011, and from 2011 to 2012 hosted a second, short-lived daytime talk show on OWN, The Rosie Show. O'Donnell returned to The View in 2014, leaving after a brief five-month run due to personal issues. From 2017 to 2019, she starred on the Showtime comedy series SMILF.\nIn addition to comedy, film, and television, O'Donnell has also been a magazine editor, celebrity blogger, and author of several memoirs, including Find Me (2002) and Celebrity Detox (2007). She used the Find Me $3 million advance to establish her For All foundation and promote other charity projects, encouraging celebrities on her show to take part.\nShe has also been an outspoken advocate for lesbian rights and gay adoption issues. O'Donnell is a foster and adoptive mother. She was named The Advocate's 2002 Person of the Year; in May 2003, she became a regular contributor to the magazine. O'Donnell also continues to be a television producer and a collaborative partner in the LGBT family vacation company, R Family Vacations.\n\n", "Q3293615": "Marion Clifton Blakey (born March 26, 1948) is a former president and chief executive officer of Rolls-Royce North America. Prior to joining Rolls-Royce, she served as the eighth full-time chief executive of the Aerospace Industries Association, an American defense industry trade association from 2007-2015. Before this, she served a five-year term as the 15th Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration. Blakey was the second woman to hold the position, serving as a successor to Jane Garvey, the first woman to hold the Administrator title. She was the second Administrator who was not a licensed pilot. She was awarded the Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy in 2013.", "Q127760": "He Said, She Said is a 1991 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Ken Kwapis and Marisa Silver. It stars Kevin Bacon and Elizabeth Perkins as two journalists working in the same office and falling in love with each other.", "Q156199": "The Electorate of Saxony (German: Kurf\u00fcrstentum Sachsen, also Kursachsen) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire established when Emperor Charles IV raised the Ascanian duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg to the status of an Electorate by the Golden Bull of 1356. Upon the extinction of the House of Ascania, it was feoffed to the Margraves of Meissen from the Wettin dynasty in 1423, who moved the ducal residence up the river Elbe to Dresden. After the Empire's dissolution in 1806, the Wettin Electors raised Saxony to a territorially reduced kingdom.", "Q1278973": "Johnny Wakelin (born 1939 in Brighton, East Sussex, England) is an English recording artist with the Pye Records label.", "Q157293": "Melanie Anne Safka-Schekeryk (born February 3, 1947) is an American singer-songwriter known professionally as Melanie and sometimes as Melanie Safka. She remains best known for the 1971/72 global hit \"Brand New Key\", her cover of \"Ruby Tuesday\", her composition \"What Have They Done to My Song Ma\", and her 1970 international breakthrough hit \"Lay Down (Candles in the Rain)\", inspired by her experience of performing at the 1969 Woodstock music festival.", "Q91428": "Elke Heidenreich (n\u00e9e Riegert; born 15 February 1943) is a German author, TV presenter, literary critic and journalist. She has written audio plays, a magazine column, scripts for television plays and books. Heidenreich is known as the Kabarettist who created a character, Else Stratmann. She is a literary critic in the television Literaturclub of the Schweizer Fernsehen.\nShe was awarded a Goldene Kamera in 1981, and the Bambi in 2003 for her series Lesen!, aimed at making reading of literature more popular. In 2006, she received the Grimme Award for her life's work in television. Her children's book Nero Corleone was translated to many languages and received several international prizes. She wrote Alte Liebe in collaboration with Bernd Schroeder, with whom she was married from 1972 but separated in the 1990s. Passionate about opera, she worked for children's operas at the Cologne Opera for 12 years, and wrote librettos and books, introducing a broader public to its culture.", "Q204673": "Die Fledermaus is a 1962 Austrian musical film directed by G\u00e9za von Cziffra and starring Peter Alexander, Marianne Koch and Marika R\u00f6kk. It is an adaptation of the operetta Die Fledermaus by Johann Strauss II, Karl Haffner and Richard Gen\u00e9e.\nThe film's sets were designed by the art directors Fritz J\u00fcptner-Jonstorff and Alexander Sawczynski.", "Q1595120": "Lucas Miltiades Miller (some sources report his first name as Lucius) (September 15, 1824 \u2013 December 4, 1902) was an American merchant, attorney and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.", "Q52463": "Wu-Tang Clan is an American hip hop group and collective formed in the New York City borough of Staten Island in 1992, originally composed of rapper-producer RZA and rappers GZA, Ol' Dirty Bastard, Method Man, Raekwon, Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, U-God and Masta Killa. An important act in the East Coast and hardcore hip hop styles, Wu-Tang Clan are regarded as one of the most influential hip hop groups of all time. Their 1993 debut album, Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers), is considered one of the greatest hip hop albums of all time.Wu-Tang Clan has released four gold and platinum studio albums. The group has introduced and launched the careers of a number of affiliated artists and groups, collectively known as the Wu-Tang Killa Bees. In 2008, About ranked them \"the No. 1 greatest hip hop group of all time\". Kris Ex of Rolling Stone called Wu-Tang Clan \"the best rap group ever\". In 2004, NME hailed them as one of the most influential groups of the last ten years.", "Q796694": "Nicola Formichetti (Italian pronunciation: [ni\u02c8k\u0254\u02d0la formi\u02c8ket\u02d0i]; born 31 May 1977) is an Italian Japanese fashion director and fashion editor who is most widely known as the artistic director of the Italian fashion label Diesel and for being a frequent collaborator with singer-songwriter Lady Gaga. He worked two years (September 2010 \u2013 April 2013) with the French fashion house Mugler as artistic director.\nFormichetti is also known as fashion director of Vogue Hommes Japan, is a contributing editor of several other fashion magazines and is fashion director for the clothing company Uniqlo. In November 2010 he was named one of the \"most influential creative forces working in fashion today\". The following month he was awarded the Isabella Blow Award for Fashion Creator at the 2010 British Fashion Awards.", "Q5384959": "Erasmus Hall High School was a four-year public high school located at 899-925 Flatbush Avenue between Church and Snyder Avenues in the Flatbush neighborhood of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It was founded in 1786 as Erasmus Hall Academy, a private institution of higher learning named for the scholar Desiderius Erasmus, known as Erasmus of Rotterdam, a Dutch Renaissance humanist and Catholic Christian theologian. The school was the first secondary school chartered by the New York State Regents. The clapboard-sided, Georgian-Federal-style building, constructed on land donated by the Flatbush Reformed Dutch Church, was turned over to the public school system in 1896.\nAround the start of the 20th century, Brooklyn experienced a rapidly growing population, and the original small school was enlarged with the addition of several wings and the purchase of several nearby buildings. In 1904, the Board of Education began a new building campaign to meet the needs of the burgeoning student population. The Superintendent of School Buildings, architect C. B. J. Snyder, designed a series of buildings to be constructed as needed, around an open quadrangle, while continuing to use the old building in the center of the courtyard. The original Academy building, which still stands in the courtyard of the current school, served the students of Erasmus Hall in three different centuries. Now a designated New York City Landmark and listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the building is a museum exhibiting the school's history.\nDue to poor academic scores, the city closed Erasmus Hall High School in 1994, turning the building into Erasmus Hall Educational Campus and using it as the location for five separate small schools.", "Q14436": "Lake Zug (German: Zugersee) is a lake in Central Switzerland, situated between Lake Lucerne and Lake Zurich. It stretches for 14 km between Arth and the Cham-Zug bay. The Lorze as the main feeder river empties its waters into the lake at its northern extremity, but 1 km (0.6 mi) further west issues from the lake to pursue its course towards the Reuss. Due to this poor feeding, Environmental protection is very important as the lake would suffer long term damage if polluted as the second of the rivers, Rigiaa, feeds only a marginal amount into the lake at its southern end. Already a great part of the fauna in the deep parts of the lake has been lost.", "Q956081": "Lars Erik Frederiksen (born Lars Erik Dapello August 30, 1971) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer best known as the guitarist and vocalist for the punk rock band Rancid, as well as the frontman of Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards and The Old Firm Casuals. In addition, he currently plays guitar in Oxley's Midnight Runners, Stomper 98, and The Last Resort. He was also briefly a member of the UK Subs in 1991. He joined Rancid in 1993 after the band was searching for a second guitar player and was present on their second album Let's Go. He has produced albums for bands such as Dropkick Murphys, Agnostic Front, The Business, Swingin Utters, Marky Ramone and the Intruders, Anti-Heros, Pressure Point, The Forgotten among others. He recently mixed GBH's 2010 album entitled Perfume and Piss, as well as Cock Sparrer's 2007 album \"Here We Stand\" both alongside Michael Rosen.", "Q90736": "Dina Gralla (15 January 1905 \u2013 11 November 1994) was a German actress.\nGralla was born Dina Sventen in Warsaw, Poland (then part of the Russian Empire) and died in 1994 in Berlin, Germany at age 89.", "Q44201": "Ville Sorvali (born 13 April 1980 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish musician and music journalist. He is the vocalist, bass guitarist and lyricist for the Finnish pagan metal band Moonsorrow. His cousin Henri \"Trollhorn\" Sorvali is the guitarist and main songwriter.\nHe is currently playing in the bands Daimonic, Human Death, and Lakupaavi. Other bands he has played in include Amoral and May Withers. He has had no musical education. His idols include Alan Averill of Irish band Primordial, and Thomas V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen of Swedish band Thyrfing.", "Q383708": "Joan-Llu\u00eds Llu\u00eds (Perpignan, 1963) is an award-winning Catalan writer. His works include five novels and a collection of essays entitled Conversa amb el meu gos sobre Fran\u00e7a i els francesos (Conversation with my Dog about France and the French, 2002). This last work, which Llu\u00eds himself describes as a pamphlet, focuses on the precarious linguistic situation of the Catalans under French administration.\nHe is co-author, with musician Pascal Comelade, of a manifesto published in 1998 by linguistic and cultural activists from Northern Catalonia. His 2004 novel El dia de l'\u00f3s (The Day of the Bear) won the prestigious Joan Creixells Prize, and his novel \"Jo soc aquell que va matar Franco\" (I'm the one who killed Franco) received the Sant Jordi Award.", "Q4907167": "Bijan Namdar Zangeneh (Persian: \u0628\u064a\u0698\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u06af\u0646\u0647\u200e; born 21 September 1952) is an Iranian politician, who served as minister at different cabinets after the Islamic Revolution for 32 years. He has been serving as oil minister since 15 August 2013 in the cabinet led by Hassan Rouhani.", "Q244257": "The Tree of Life is a 2011 American experimental epic drama film written and directed by Terrence Malick and featuring a cast of Brad Pitt, Sean Penn, Hunter McCracken, Laramie Eppler, Jessica Chastain, and Tye Sheridan in his debut feature film role. The film chronicles the origins and meaning of life by way of a middle-aged man's childhood memories of his family living in 1950s Texas, interspersed with imagery of the origins of the known universe and the inception of life on Earth.\nAfter several years in development and missing its planned 2009 and 2010 release dates, The Tree of Life premiered in competition at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival, where it was awarded the Palme d'Or. It ranked number one on review aggregator Metacritic's \"Top Ten List of 2011\", and made more critics' year-end lists for 2011 than any other film. It appeared in the 2012 Sight & Sound critics' poll of the world's top 250 films as well as BBC's poll of the greatest American films, one of the few 21st-century works to be included in either. The film was also later named the 7th greatest film since 2000 in a BBC poll of 177 critics. In December 2019, The Tree of Life topped The Associated Press' list of the best films of the 2010s. The Tree of Life received three Oscar nominations: Best Picture, Best Director and Best Cinematography.", "Q3228929": "Lee Roy Selmon (October 20, 1954 \u2013 September 4, 2011) was an American professional football player and a college athletics administrator. He played college football as a defensive tackle at the University of Oklahoma, the youngest of three brothers to play football there.\nHe was a consensus All-American in 1974 and 1975 and a member of consecutive national championship teams for the Oklahoma Sooners in 1974 and 1975.\nSelmon was selected by the expansion Tampa Bay Buccaneers as the first overall pick in the 1976 NFL draft. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for nine seasons, from 1976 to 1984, all with the Buccaneers.\nSelmon joined the athletic department at the University of South Florida in 1993 and served as the school's athletic director from 2001 to 2004. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1988 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1995.", "Q2017684": "The French protectorate of Tunisia (French: Protectorat fran\u00e7ais de Tunisie; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u200e al-\u1e24im\u0101ya al-Frans\u012bya f\u012b T\u016bnis), commonly referred to as simply French Tunisia, was established in 1881, during the French colonial Empire era, and lasted until Tunisian independence in 1956.\nIn the decades leading up to the French incursion, Tunisia was a province of the declining Ottoman Empire that enjoyed a large measure of autonomy under the bey, Muhammad III as-Sadiq. In 1877, Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire. Its resulting victory in the Russo-Turkish War (1877\u20131878) triggered the dismemberment of large portions of Ottoman territory, including independence for several Balkan possessions and international discussions about the future of the North African provinces. The Berlin Congress of 1878 convened to resolve the Ottoman question. Britain, although opposed to total dismantling of the Ottoman Empire, offered France control of Tunisia, in return for Cyprus. Germany, seeing the French claim as a way to divert French attention from vengeful action in Europe after the Franco-Prussian War, and little concerned about the southern Mediterranean, agreed to allow France control of Tunisia. These discussions surrounding France's role in Tunisia were kept secret from the Kingdom of Italy, which was deeply opposed to French intervention.The French presence in Tunisia came five decades after their occupation of neighboring Algeria, the time when the French were still inexperienced about and lacked the knowledge of how to develop a colony. Both of these countries had been possessions of the Ottoman Empire for three centuries, yet each had long ago attained political autonomy from the Sultan in Istanbul. Before the French arrived, Tunisia had begun a process of modern reforms, but financial difficulties mounted until the installation of a commission of European creditors. After their occupation, the French government assumed Tunisia's international obligations. Major developments and improvements were undertaken by the French in several areas, including transport and infrastructure, industry, the financial system, public health, and administration. Yet French business and its citizens were favored, not to the liking of Tunisians. Their preexisting national sense was early expressed in speech and in print; political organization followed. The independence movement was already active before World War I, and continued to gain strength against mixed French opposition. Its ultimate aim was achieved in 1956.", "Q433284": "Maeve Quinlan (born November 16, 1964 in Chicago) is an American actress and former professional tennis player. She is best known for starring as Megan Conley for 11 years in The Bold and the Beautiful and for the series South of Nowhere. Raised in Northfield a North shore suburb, she attended New Trier high School in Winnetka and later Northwestern University and USC on tennis scholarships. Maeve played Wimbledon, the French open and was a world-class tennis player making many friendships on the court. She is the daughter of a medical doctor and a pharmacist.", "Q707827": "Kim Bodnia (born 12 April 1965) is a Danish actor, writer, and director. He became widely known for his role as police detective Martin Rohde in the Scandinavian crime drama series The Bridge. He is also known for playing the lead role in Nicolas Winding Refn's directorial debut Pusher.\nIn 2009, Bodnia won the 62nd Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, and in 2014 he won the Monte-Carlo Television Festival Award for Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series. In 2018, he began portraying Konstantin in the BBC America spy thriller series Killing Eve, for which he was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2019.", "Q691851": "The University of Naples Federico II (Italian: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II) is a university in Naples, Italy. Founded in 1224, it is the oldest public non-sectarian university in the world, and is now organized into 26 departments. It was Europe's first university dedicated to training secular administrative staff, and one of the oldest academic institutions in continuous operation. Federico II is the third University in Italy by number of students enrolled, but despite its huge size it is still one of the best universities in Italy, being particularly notable for research; in 2015 it was ranked among the top 100 universities in the world by citations per paper. As of 2016 it is the only generalist Italian university in the Times higher education reputation, which considers the 200 best universities in the world. The university is named after its founder Frederick II.\nIn October 2016 the University hosted the first ever Apple IOS Developer Academy and in 2018 the Cisco Digital Transformation Lab.", "Q40067": "Candace June Clark (born June 20, 1947) is an American actress and model. She is well known for her roles as Debbie Dunham in the 1973 film American Graffiti, for which she received a nomination for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and Mary Lou in the 1976 film The Man Who Fell to Earth.", "Q133701": "Ogtay Aghayev (Azerbaijani: Oqtay A\u011fayev; November 7, 1934 \u2013 November 13, 2006) was a Soviet, Azerbaijani variety singer and People's Artist of Azerbaijan.", "Q95896": "Dieter Trautwein (30 July 1928 \u2013 9 November 2002) was a German Protestant theologian and writer of numerous Christian hymns of the genre Neues Geistliches Lied (NGL).", "Q1346123": "Harris Yulin (born November 5, 1937) is an American actor who has appeared in over a hundred film and television series roles, such as Scarface (1983), Ghostbusters II (1989), Clear and Present Danger (1994), Looking for Richard (1996), The Hurricane (1999), Training Day (2001), and Frasier which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in 1996.", "Q123512": "Hugo Loetscher (December 22, 1929 \u2013 August 18, 2009) was a Swiss writer and essayist.", "Q7536511": "The Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture is an artists residency located in Madison, Maine, just outside of Skowhegan. Every year, the program accepts online applications from emerging artists from November through January, and selects 65 to participate in the nine-week intensive summer program. Admissions decisions are announced in April. The school provides participants with housing, food, and studio space, and the campus offers a library, media lab, and sculpture shop, among other amenities. The tuition for the program is $6,000, however aid is available, ensuring that everyone accepted into the program can attend, regardless of financial need.\nWhile on campus, the participants interact with five or six resident faculty artists for the duration of the program, as well as five to seven visiting faculty artists, both of whom are selected by Skowhegan\u2019s Board of Governors. Participants are not allowed to bring family or friends with them to Skowhegan, nor are visitors allowed on campus. Lectures by faculty artists, which are generally held on Fridays, are open to the public.", "Q624754": "Chang Deok-soo (10 December 1894 \u2013 2 December 1947) was a Korean politician, independence activist, journalist, and political scientist. He was the founder and second head of the Korea Democratic Party from 1945 to 1947.", "Q125163": "Islington () is a district in Greater London, England, and part of the London Borough of Islington. It is a mainly residential district of Inner London, extending from Islington's High Street to Highbury Fields, encompassing the area around the busy High Street, Upper Street, Essex Road (former \"Lower Street\"), and Southgate Road to the east.", "Q1130019": "Burials in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis in Moscow began in November 1917, when 240 pro-Bolshevik victims of the October Revolution were buried in mass graves at Red Square. It is centered on both sides of Lenin's Mausoleum, initially built in wood in 1924 and rebuilt in granite in 1929\u20131930. After the last mass burial made in 1921, funerals on Red Square were usually conducted as state ceremonies and reserved as the last honor for notable politicians, military leaders, cosmonauts, and scientists. In 1925\u20131927 burials in the ground were stopped; funerals were now conducted as burials of cremated ash in the Kremlin wall itself. Burials in the ground only resumed with Mikhail Kalinin's funeral in 1946. The practice of burying dignitaries at Red Square ended with the funeral of Konstantin Chernenko in March 1985. The Kremlin Wall Necropolis was designated a protected landmark in 1974.", "Q217169": "Rhodesia (, ) was an unrecognised state in southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the de facto successor state to the British colony of Southern Rhodesia, which had been self-governing since achieving responsible government in 1923. A landlocked nation, Rhodesia was bordered by South Africa to the south, Bechuanaland (later Botswana) to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest, and Mozambique (a Portuguese province until 1975) to the east. \nIn the late 19th century, the territory north of the Transvaal was chartered to the British South Africa Company, led by Cecil Rhodes. Rhodes and his Pioneer Column marched north in 1890, acquiring a huge block of territory that the company would rule until the early 1920s. In 1923, the company's charter was revoked, and Southern Rhodesia attained self-government and established a legislature. Between 1953 and 1963, Southern Rhodesia was joined with Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.\nThe decolonisation of Africa in the early 1960s alarmed a significant proportion of Rhodesia's white population. In an effort to delay the transition to black majority rule, Rhodesia's predominantly white government issued its own Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) from the United Kingdom on 11 November 1965. (The government of the United Kingdom supported Rhodesia's transition to a multiracial democracy.) The UDI administration initially sought recognition as an autonomous realm within the Commonwealth of Nations, but reconstituted itself as a republic in 1970. The Rhodesian Bush War, which pitted the government against two African nationalist organisations, ZANU and ZAPU, intensified in the 1970s, prompting Rhodesian premier Ian Smith to concede to multiracial democracy in 1978. However, a provisional government subsequently headed by Smith and his moderate colleague Abel Muzorewa failed in appeasing international critics or halting the bloodshed. By December 1979, Muzorewa had replaced Smith as Prime Minister and secured an agreement with the militant nationalists, allowing Rhodesia to briefly revert to colonial status pending elections under a universal franchise. It finally achieved internationally recognised independence in April 1980 as the Republic of Zimbabwe.\nRhodesia's largest cities were its capital, Salisbury, and Bulawayo. The white population, which grew to nearly 300,000, dominated the country's politics and economy, though they never made up more than 8% of the total population. Rhodesia developed an economy largely dependent on agriculture, manufacturing, and mining. Its largest exports were chromium, tobacco, and steel. International sanctions put increasing pressure on the country as time went on. The unicameral Legislative Assembly was predominantly white, with minority of seats reserved for blacks. Following the declaration of a republic in 1970, this was replaced by a bicameral Parliament with a House of Assembly and a Senate. The Westminster system was retained, with the President acting as ceremonial head of state, and the Prime Minister, heading the Cabinet, as head of government.", "Q860527": "The University of North Texas (UNT) is a public research university in Denton, Texas consisting of eleven colleges, two schools, an early admissions math and science academy for exceptional high-school-age students from across the state, and a library system comprise the university core. Its research is driven by about 38 doctoral degree programs. North Texas was founded as a nonsectarian, coeducational, private teachers college in 1890 and was formally adopted by the state 11 years later. UNT is the flagship institution of the University of North Texas System, which includes additional universities in Dallas and Fort Worth. UNT also has a satellite campus in Frisco.", "Q1288458": "Lajos Simicska (born 28 January 1960) is a Hungarian businessman who was head of APEH, Hungary's internal revenue service, in 1998\u20131999 during the first administration of Viktor Orb\u00e1n. He had extensive media interests with the daily Magyar Nemzet, the radio station L\u00e1nch\u00edd R\u00e1di\u00f3, the weekly magazine Heti V\u00e1lasz and the television network H\u00edr TV. After having disagreements with the Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orb\u00e1n, Simicska expressed his support for the radical party Jobbik.Simicska shut down his daily newspaper Magyar Nemzet after 80 years in print, and L\u00e1nch\u00edd R\u00e1di\u00f3 in response to Prime Minister Viktor Orb\u00e1n winning a third consecutive parliamentary supermajority in the 2018 parliamentary election. Shortly afterward, Simicska closed or sold all of his remaining holdings.", "Q711923": "Felix Delgado (born December 18, 1974), better known by his stage name Cuban Link, is a Cuban American rapper and original member of Terror Squad.\n\n", "Q686493": "David Kahn (b. February 7, 1930) is an American historian, journalist, and writer. He has written extensively on the history of cryptography and military intelligence.\nKahn's first published book, The Codebreakers - The Story of Secret Writing (1967), has been widely considered to be a definitive account of the history of cryptography.", "Q104813": "Melchior Acontius (1515, Oberursel (Taunus) \u2013 22 June 1569) was a German poet.\nHe was born in Oberursel (Taunus) near Frankfurt am Main and lived in Wittenberg during the first half of the 16th century. He was a close friend of fellow poet Georg Sabinus and wrote epithalamies on the marriage of the latter with the daughter of Philipp Melanchthon. Sabinus included these dedications among his own creations. Acontius was also friends with another contemporary poet, Jacob Micyllus.", "Q69393": "Sennwald is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Werdenberg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q46370": "In medieval history, West Francia (Latin: Francia occidentalis) or the Kingdom of the West Franks (regnum Francorum occidentalium) was the western part of Charlemagne's Empire, ruled by the Germanic Franks that forms the earliest stage of the Kingdom of France, lasting from about 840 until 987. West Francia was formed out of the division of the Carolingian Empire in 843 under the Treaty of Verdun after the death of Emperor Louis the Pious and the east\u2013west division which \"gradually hardened into the establishment of separate kingdoms ... of what we can begin to call Germany and France\".West Francia extended further south than modern France, but it did not extend as far east. West Francia did not include such future French holdings as Lorraine, Burgundy, Alsace and Provence in the east and southeast. In addition, by the 10th century the rule of its kings was greatly reduced even within the West Frankish realm by the increase in power of great territorial magnates over their large and usually territorially contiguous fiefs. This process was compounded by wars among those magnates, including against or alongside the Crown, and by foreign invasion. Notably, Normandy was given to the rule of Norse invaders under Rollo as a county and later duchy in return for their willingness to end their raids, and like other great fiefs became largely autonomous of, and more powerful than, the Crown. In Brittany and Catalonia the authority of the West Frankish king was barely felt. West Frankish kings were elected by the secular and ecclesiastic magnates, and for the half-century between 888 and 936 they chose alternately from the Carolingian and Robertian houses. By this time the power of king became weaker and more nominal, as the regional dukes and nobles became more powerful in their semi-independent regions. The Robertians, after becoming counts of Paris and dukes of France, became kings themselves and established the Capetian dynasty after 987, which is, although arbitrary, generally defined as the gradual transition towards the Kingdom of France.", "Q1448341": "Franz Muxeneder (19 October 1920 - 3 January 1988) was an Austrian actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films from 1948 to 1987.\nMuxeneder is best known in Great Britain for his part in the Yugoslav-German television series The White Horses (1966\u20131967).", "Q962442": "Martin Parr (born 23 May 1952) is a British documentary photographer, photojournalist and photobook collector. He is known for his photographic projects that take an intimate, satirical and anthropological look at aspects of modern life, in particular documenting the social classes of England, and more broadly the wealth of the Western world.\nHis major projects have been rural communities (1975\u20131982), The Last Resort (1983\u20131985), The Cost of Living (1987\u20131989), Small World (1987\u20131994) and Common Sense (1995\u20131999).\nSince 1994, Parr has been a member of Magnum Photos. He has had around 40 solo photobooks published, and has featured in around 80 exhibitions worldwide \u2013 including the international touring exhibition ParrWorld, and a retrospective at the Barbican Arts Centre, London, in 2002.The Martin Parr Foundation, founded in 2014, opened premises in his hometown of Bristol in 2017. It houses his own archive, his collection of British and Irish photography by other photographers, and a gallery.", "Q206702": "The University of Zurich (UZH, German: Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich), located in the city of Z\u00fcrich, is the largest university in Switzerland, with over 25,000 students. It was founded in 1833 from the existing colleges of theology, law, medicine and a new faculty of philosophy.\nCurrently, the university has seven faculties: Philosophy, Human Medicine, Economic Sciences, Law, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Engineering, Computer Sciences and Robotics, Theology and Veterinary Medicine. The university offers the widest range of subjects and courses of any Swiss higher education institution. As of October 2018, 23 Nobel laureates and 1 Turing Award winner have been affiliated with University of Zurich as alumni, faculty or researchers.", "Q219622": "Louis-\u00c9lisabeth de la Vergne, comte de Tressan (4 November 1705, Le Mans - 31 October 1783, from a fall from a carriage en route to Saint-Leu-la-For\u00eat) was a French soldier, physician, scientist, medievalist and writer, best known for his adaptations of \"romans chevaleresques\" of the Middle Ages, which contributed to the rise of the Troubadour style in the French arts.", "Q736344": "Donald E. Lancaster is an American author, inventor, and microcomputer pioneer.", "Q250544": "Morgen f\u00e4llt die Schule aus is a 1971 West German comedy film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Heintje Simons, Hansi Kraus and Rudolf Sch\u00fcndler. It was the sixth in the Die L\u00fcmmel von der ersten Bank series of comedy films.", "Q128321": "Midland is a city in and the county seat of Midland County, Texas, United States, on the Southern Plains of the state's western area. A small portion of the city extends into Martin County.\nAt the 2010 census, the population of Midland was 111,147, and a 2018 estimate gave a total of 142,344, making it the twenty-fourth most populous city in the state of Texas. Due to the oil boom in Midland, certain officials have given population estimates above 155,000. It is the principal city of the Midland, Texas metropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Midland County, the population of which grew 4.6 percent, between July 1, 2011 and July 1, 2012, to 151,662, respectively, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. The metropolitan area is also a component of the larger Midland\u2013Odessa combined statistical area, which had an estimated population of 295,987 on July 1, 2012. People in Midland are called Midlanders.\nMidland was founded as the midway point between Fort Worth and El Paso on the Texas and Pacific Railroad in 1881. It is the hometown of former First Lady Laura Bush, and the onetime home of former Presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, and former First Lady Barbara Bush.", "Q427597": "Arja Enni Helena Saijonmaa (born 1 December 1944 in Mikkeli) is a Finnish singer, political activist and occasional actress.She studied at the Sibelius Academy and earned a Bachelor of Arts at the Helsinki University. She made her breakthrough as a singer in Sweden. She has made albums with Swedish translations of songs by Mikis Theodorakis, as well as covers of Zarah Leander songs.\nIn 1978 she issued Miten voi kyllin kiitt\u00e4\u00e4, an album of Finnish translations of the songs of the Chilean composer and singer Violeta Parra. A Swedish version, Jag vill tacka livet, came out the following year. The title song, \"Jag vill tacka livet\" (\"Gracias a la vida\") was one of her greatest hits. Olof Palme had been a close friend, and his widow wanted Arja to sing at the funeral in 1986. She sang Enai Megalos O Kaimos in Swedish. In 1987, she participated at Melodifestivalen with the song \"H\u00f6gt \u00f6ver havet\", ending up second. The same year, she scored a Svensktoppen hit with the song Jag vill leva i Europa.As a politician, she has been a member of the Swedish People's Party in Finland, and in 1987 she was appointed UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador. She has written a Norwegian-language book, Sauna, about the Finnish sauna tradition.\nShe appeared in the first season of Let's Dance, the Swedish version of Strictly Come Dancing in 2006. Her professional partner was Tobias Karlsson, aged 28, and they were eliminated in the 7th week. In December 2007, Saijonmaa participated in the Swedish reality show Stj\u00e4rnorna p\u00e5 slottet along with Peter Stormare, Britt Ekland, Jan Malmsj\u00f6 and Magnus H\u00e4renstam.\nShe participated in Melodifestivalen 2019 with the song \"Mina fyra \u00e5rstider\".Saijonmaa is both Finnish and Swedish voice actor of Emma the Stage Rat in the Finnish-British animated television family drama Moominvalley (2019\u2013).", "Q1497723": "William Backhouse Astor Jr. (July 12, 1829 \u2013 April 25, 1892) was an American businessman, racehorse breeder/owner, and yachtsman who was a prominent member of the Astor family. Astor's elder brother, financier and philanthropist John Jacob Astor III, became head of the English line of Astors, and William Jr. was head of the male American line of Astors with his wife, Caroline Schermerhorn Astor, serving as the head of New York society's \"Four Hundred\" during the Gilded Age.", "Q329093": "Henri 4 is a 2010 drama film directed by Jo Baier. It is a German-French-Austrian-Spanish co-production.\n\n", "Q290006": "Lisa Vidal (born June 13, 1965) is an actress of Puerto Rican descent, best known for her roles in television series Third Watch, The Division, ER, and The Event. In 2013, Vidal began starring in the BET drama series Being Mary Jane.", "Q44567": "Paul Michael Levesque (born July 27, 1969), better known by the ring name Triple H, is an American business executive, professional wrestler, and actor. He is currently the Executive Vice President of Global Talent Strategy & Development for WWE, as well as being the creator and senior producer of NXT.\nLevesque was born and raised in Nashua, New Hampshire, and began his professional wrestling career in 1992 with the International Wrestling Federation (IWF) under the ring name Terra Ryzing. In 1994, he joined World Championship Wrestling (WCW), where he was soon repackaged as a French-Canadian aristocrat named Jean-Paul L\u00e9vesque, and was later repackaged in 1995 when he signed with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), where he became Hunter Hearst Helmsley, and later, Triple H.In WWF, Triple H gained industry fame after co-founding the influential D-Generation X stable, which became a major element of the \"Attitude Era\" in the 1990s. After winning his first WWF Championship in 1999, he became a fixture of the company's main event scene, and was widely regarded as the best wrestler in North America by the turn of the millennium. Triple H has headlined several major WWE pay-per-view events, closing the company's flagship annual event, WrestleMania, on seven occasions.Triple H has also won a number of championships in his career, being a five-time Intercontinental Champion, a three-time world tag team champion (two World Tag Team Championship reigns, and one Unified WWE Tag Team Championship reign), a two-time European Champion, and a fourteen-time world champion, making him the company's seventh Triple Crown Champion and second Grand Slam Champion. He is also a two-time Royal Rumble match winner, and a King of the Ring tournament winner. Later in his career, Triple H gained notability for his behind-the-scenes work at WWE, creating the developmental branch NXT, and gaining praise for his business acumen in professional wrestling.Outside of wrestling, Triple H has been a figure of substantial media attention due to his marriage to Stephanie McMahon, daughter of Vince and Linda McMahon, who are majority owners of WWE. In 2019, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame as part of the D-Generation X stable.", "Q90050": "Prof. Dr. Dkfm. Helmut Krackowizer, in England also known as \"Mister Rudge\" (April 29, 1922 in Frankenmarkt, Upper Austria, Austria \u2013 October 22, 2001 in Salzburg) was a former motorcycle racer and motor journalist with an international reputation especially for vintage motorcycles.", "Q75962": "Gerd Gies (born 24 May 1943 in Stendal, Germany) is a German politician (CDU). He was the 1st Minister President of Saxony-Anhalt after its creation following the reunification of Germany. Gies held office from October 1990 to 4 July 1991, when he was forced to resign after he was accused of having collaborated with the Stasi. He was succeeded by Werner M\u00fcnch. Gies remained a parliamentary delegate until 1998. Afterwards, he worked in the energy industry and served on the board of Electrabel Germany.\n\n", "Q1974031": "Ali Vyacheslav Polosin (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0438 \u0412\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d) is a Russian Muslim academic who converted to Islam in 1999. He is a former priest of the Russian Orthodox Church.", "Q300401": "A Family Thing is a 1996 film starring Robert Duvall, James Earl Jones and Irma P. Hall. It was written by Billy Bob Thornton and Tom Epperson and directed by Richard Pearce.", "Q45679": "The Indian Scarf (German: Das indische Tuch) is a 1963 West German crime film directed by Alfred Vohrer. It was part of a very successful series of German films based on the writings of Edgar Wallace and adapted from the 1931 play The Case of the Frightened Lady.", "Q468280": "Charles Brockden Brown (January 17, 1771 \u2013 February 22, 1810) was an American novelist, historian, and editor of the Early National period. He is generally regarded by scholars as the most important American novelist before James Fenimore Cooper. He is the most frequently studied and republished practitioner of the \"early American novel,\" or the U.S. novel between 1789 and roughly 1820. Although Brown was not the first American novelist, as some early criticism claimed, the breadth and complexity of his achievement as a writer in multiple genres (novels, short stories, essays and periodical writings, poetry, historiography, and reviews) makes him a crucial figure in U.S. literature and culture of the 1790s, and the first decade of the 19th century. Brown was a significant public intellectual in the wider Atlantic print culture and public sphere of the era of the French Revolution.\n\n", "Q86632": "Dietmar Otto Sch\u00f6nherr (17 May 1926 \u2013 18 July 2014) was an Austrian film actor. He appeared in 120 films between 1944 and 2014. He was famous for playing the role of Major Cliff Allister McLane in the German science fiction series Raumpatrouille. He was born in Innsbruck, Austria. He was married to the Danish actress Vivi Bach from 1965 until her death in 2013. In 2011 he was awarded with the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class.", "Q168705": "Al-Mas'udi (Arabic: \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648 \u0671\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0646 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651 \u0671\u0628\u0652\u0646 \u0671\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064f\u0633\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0671\u0628\u0652\u0646 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651 \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0651\u200e, \u02beAb\u016b al-\u1e24asan \u02bfAl\u012b ibn al-\u1e24usayn ibn \u02bfAl\u012b al-Mas\u02bf\u016bd\u012b; c.\u2009896\u2013956) was an Arab historian, geographer and traveler. He is sometimes referred to as the \"Herodotus of the Arabs\". A polymath and prolific author of over twenty works on theology, history (Islamic and universal), geography, natural science and philosophy, his celebrated magnum opus Mur\u016bj al-Dhahab wa-Ma'\u0101din al-Jawhar (Arabic: \u0645\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u062c \u0671\u0644\u0630\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0628 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0646 \u0671\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u200e), combines universal history with scientific geography, social commentary and biography, and is published in English in a multi-volume series as The Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems.", "Q156833": "Ramiz Taf\u00eb Alia (pronunciation ; 18 October 1925 \u2013 7 October 2011) was the second and last leader of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1985 to 1991, served as First Secretary of the Party of Labor of Albania. He was also the country's head of state from 1982 to 1992. He had been designated as successor by Enver Hoxha and took power after Hoxha died. Alia died on 7 October 2011 in Tirana due to lung disease, aged 85.", "Q214306": "Michael Georg Conrad (5 April 1846 \u2013 20 December 1927) was a German writer and philosopher.", "Q368971": "The Silent Scream, popularly released under the truncated title, Silent Scream, is a 1979 American slasher film directed by Denny Harris, and starring Rebecca Balding, Cameron Mitchell, Barbara Steele and Yvonne De Carlo. The film follows a college student who finds rooming in a hilltop boarding house where a homicidal killer is on the loose.\nReleased regionally in November 1979, The Silent Scream performed favorably at the box office, which prompted American Cinema Releasing to expand its release in January 1980. It went on to become one of the most financially successful independent horror films of the 1970s.\n\n", "Q9232": "Jainism (), traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion. Followers of Jainism are called \"Jains\", a word derived from the Sanskrit word jina (victor) referring to the path of victory in crossing over life's stream of rebirths by destroying karma through an ethical and spiritual life. Jainism is a transtheistic religion, and Jains trace their spiritual ideas and history through a succession of twenty-four victorious saviours and teachers known as tirthankaras, with the first being Rishabhanatha, who according to Jain tradition lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third Tirthankara Parshvanatha in 900 BCE, and the twenty-fourth Tirthankara the Mah\u0101v\u012bra around 500 BCE. Jains believe that Jainism is an eternal dharma with the tirthankaras guiding every cycle of the Jain cosmology. Their religious texts are called Agamas.\nThe main religious premises of Jainism are ahi\u1e43s\u0101 (non-violence), anek\u0101ntav\u0101da (many-sidedness), aparigraha (non-attachment) and asceticism. Devout Jains take five main vows: ahi\u1e43s\u0101 (non-violence), satya (truth), asteya (not stealing), brahmacharya (celibacy or chastity or sexual continence), and aparigraha (non-possessiveness). These principles have affected Jain culture in many ways, such as leading to a predominantly vegetarian lifestyle that avoids harm to animals and their life cycles. Parasparopagraho J\u012bv\u0101n\u0101m (the function of souls is to help one another) is the motto of Jainism. \u1e46am\u014dk\u0101ra mantra is the most common and basic prayer in Jainism.\nJainism has two major ancient sub-traditions, Digambaras and \u015av\u0113t\u0101mbaras; Several smaller sub-traditions emerged in the 2nd millennium CE. The Digambaras and \u015av\u0113t\u0101mbaras have different views on ascetic practices, gender and which Jain texts can be considered canonical. Jain mendicants are found in all Jain sub-traditions except Kanji Panth sub-tradition, with laypersons (\u015br\u0101vakas) supporting the mendicants' spiritual pursuits with resources.\nJainism has between four and five million followers, with most Jains residing in India. Outside India, some of the largest Jain communities are present in Canada, Europe, Kenya, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Suriname, Fiji, and the United States. Jainism is also growing in Japan, where more than 5,000 ethnic Japanese families have converted to Jainism. Major Jain festivals include Paryushana and Daslakshana, Ashtanika, Mahavir Janma Kalyanak, and Dipawali.\n\n", "Q272083": "Glenda Farrell (June 30, 1904 \u2013 May 1, 1971) was an American actress of film, television, and theater. With a career spanning more than 50 years, Farrell appeared in over 100 films and television series, as well as numerous Broadway plays. She received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960, and won an Emmy Award for best supporting actress for her performance in the television series Ben Casey in 1963.\n\n", "Q6101": "Marco Polo ( (listen), Venetian: [\u02c8ma\u027eko \u02c8polo], Italian: [\u02c8marko \u02c8p\u0254\u02d0lo], 1254 \u2013 January 8\u20139, 1324) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and writer who travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295. His travels are recorded in The Travels of Marco Polo (also known as Book of the Marvels of the World and Il Milione, c. 1300), a book that described to Europeans the then mysterious culture and inner workings of the Eastern world, including the wealth and great size of the Mongol Empire and China in the Yuan Dynasty, giving their first comprehensive look into China, India, Japan and other Asian cities and countries.Born in Venice, Marco learned the mercantile trade from his father and his uncle, Niccol\u00f2 and Maffeo, who travelled through Asia and met Kublai Khan. In 1269, they returned to Venice to meet Marco for the first time. The three of them embarked on an epic journey to Asia, exploring many places along the Silk Road until they reached Cathay (China). They were received by the royal court of Kublai Khan, who was impressed by Marco's intelligence and humility. Marco was appointed to serve as Khan's foreign emissary to India and Burma, and he was sent on many diplomatic missions throughout the empire. As part of this appointment, Marco also traveled extensively inside China, living in the emperor's lands for 17 years and seeing many things that had previously been unknown to Europeans. Around 1291, the Polos also offered to accompany the Mongol princess K\u00f6k\u00f6chin to Persia; they arrived around 1293. After leaving the princess, they travelled overland to Constantinople and then to Venice, returning home after 24 years. At this time, Venice was at war with Genoa; Marco was imprisoned and dictated his stories to Rustichello da Pisa, a cellmate. He was released in 1299, became a wealthy merchant, married, and had three children. He died in 1324 and was buried in the church of San Lorenzo in Venice.\nThough he was not the first European to reach China (see Europeans in Medieval China), Marco Polo was the first to leave a detailed chronicle of his experience. This book inspired Christopher Columbus and many other travellers. There is substantial literature based on Polo's writings; he also influenced European cartography, leading to the introduction of the Fra Mauro map.", "Q544018": "Basement Jaxx are an English electronic music duo consisting of Felix Buxton and Simon Ratcliffe. The pair got their name from the regular night club they held in Brixton, London, UK. They first rose to popularity in the mid 1990s. As the British Hit Singles & Albums book duly noted \"they surfaced from the underground house scene, are regular transatlantic club chart-toppers and won the BRIT Award for Best Dance Act in 2002 and 2004\".", "Q376597": "Francesco Lamperti (11 March 1811 or 1813 \u2013 1 May 1892) was an Italian singing teacher.", "Q96421": "Peter Frankenfeld (born Willi Julius August Frankenfeldt on 31 May 1913 in Berlin \u2013 4 January 1979 in Hamburg) was a German comedian, radio and television personality.\nAfter World War II he became an interpreter with the U.S. military government. In 1948 he went into broadcasting. He pioneered quiz programs on West German radio and television, becoming the country's best-known programme host and entertainer. He is remembered for some classic sketches such as \"Der \u00dcberzieher\" (about a man getting in trouble in a restaurant because he has to constantly guard his overcoat), \"Die B\u00fcrgschaft\" (his bumbling attempt to recite Schiller's poem The Hostage), or \"Die Wetterkarte\" (The Weather Chart, where he speaks in a wide variety of German dialects).\nIn 1962, he and director Heinz Dunkhase discovered the comedy sketch Dinner for One in Blackpool which was staged in Frankenfeld's live show shortly thereafter, and recorded on 8 July 1963. The show was re-run occasionally on German television until it got its fixed spot on New Year's Eve in 1972.\nHe was married to the singer Lonny Kellner.", "Q23517": "Ricky Dene Gervais ( jer-VAYS; born 25 June 1961) is an English comedian, actor, writer, producer, and director. He is perhaps best known for co-creating, writing, and acting in the British television series The Office (2001\u20132003). He has won seven BAFTA Awards, five British Comedy Awards, two Emmy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and the Rose d'Or twice (2006 and 2019), as well as a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination. In 2007, he was placed at No. 11 on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups and at No. 3 on the updated 2010 list. In 2010, he was named on the Time 100 list of the world's most influential people.Gervais initially worked in the music industry, attempting a career as a pop star in the 1980s as the singer of the new-wave act Seona Dancing and working as the manager of the then unknown band Suede before turning to comedy. Gervais appeared on The 11 O'Clock Show on Channel 4 between 1998 and 2000, garnering a reputation as a blunt and often controversial social critic. In 2000, he was given a Channel 4 spoof talk show, Meet Ricky Gervais. He achieved greater mainstream fame the following year with his BBC television mock documentary series The Office. It was followed by Extras in 2005. He co-wrote and co-directed both programmes with Stephen Merchant. In addition to writing and directing the shows, he played the lead roles of David Brent in The Office and Andy Millman in Extras. He starred in 2016 comedy film David Brent: Life on the Road, which he also wrote and directed.Gervais began his stand-up career in the late 1990s. He has performed five multi-national stand-up comedy tours, and he wrote the Flanimals book series. Gervais, Merchant, and Karl Pilkington created the podcast The Ricky Gervais Show, which has spawned various spin-offs starring Pilkington and produced by Gervais and Merchant. Gervais has also starred in the Hollywood films Ghost Town, the Night at the Museum trilogy, For Your Consideration, and Muppets Most Wanted. He wrote, directed, and starred in The Invention of Lying and the Netflix-released Special Correspondents. He hosted the Golden Globe Awards in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2016, and again in 2020. Gervais also appears on the game show Child Support. Currently, Gervais is credited as the creator, executive producer, director, and writer for the Netflix comedy series After Life, where he plays the lead role of Tony Johnson.\n\n", "Q65542": "Theodor Anton Blank (19 September 1905 \u2013 14 May 1972) was a German politician of the CDU. He was one of the founders of the CDU in 1945.\nBlank was born in Elz an der Lahn. He was the third of ten children of a carpenter. His family was Roman Catholic. Blank received an apprenticeship as a carpenter. In 1930\u201333 he worked as a secretary at the Association of Christian transport- and factory employees of the northern and northwestern Ruhr Area. After he was dismissed in 1933 Blank passed his Abitur in 1936 and studied mathematics at the University of M\u00fcnster and engineering sciences at Leibniz University Hannover. In 1939 he was conscripted to the Wehrmacht and became a first lieutenant at the end of World War II.From 1949 to 1972 he was a member of the German Bundestag, in which he served from 1965 to 1969 as deputy chief of CDU/CSU-Bundestagsfraktion.\n\nFrom 1950 to 1955 he served as Special Representative of the Chancellor, leading the \"Amt Blank\" (Blank Agency), officially responsible for affairs relating to the Allied occupying troops, but in reality mainly charged by Chancellor Konrad Adenauer with covertly preparing the re-establishment of the German armed forces. In 1954, opponents of the rearmament prevented him from speaking to public assemblies by yelling and shouting, and lightly wounded him in one instance. After the rearmament was official, he served as the first postwar Defence Minister of Germany from 1955 to 1956 and as Minister of Labour and Social Affairs from 1957 to 1965.Blank died in Bonn.", "Q213482": "Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bppe to\u02c8ma\u02d0zi di lampe\u02c8du\u02d0za]; December 23, 1896 \u2013 July 26, 1957) was an Italian writer and the last Prince of Lampedusa. He is most famous for his only novel, Il Gattopardo (first published posthumously in 1958), which is set in his native Sicily during the Risorgimento. A taciturn and solitary man, he spent a great deal of his time reading and meditating, and used to say of himself, \"I was a boy who liked solitude, who preferred the company of things to that of people.\"", "Q775282": "Tatsuya Yoshida (\u5409\u7530\u9054\u4e5f, Yoshida Tatsuya) (born 9 January 1961 in Kitakami, Iwate) is a Japanese musician; drummer and composer who is the only consistent member of the renowned progressive rock duo Ruins, as well as of Koenji Hyakkei. He is also a member of the progressive rock trios Korekyojinn and Daimonji. Outside his own groups, Yoshida is renowned for his tenure as drummer in the indie progressive group YBO2, a band also featuring guitarist KK Null, whom he also joins in the current line-up of Zeni Geva and he has played drums in a late edition of Samla Mammas Manna. He has been cited as \"[the] indisputable master drummer of the Japanese underground\".Along with his participation in bands, he has also released several solo recordings.", "Q45692": "The Haunting in Connecticut is a 2009 American supernatural horror film produced by Gold Circle Films and directed by Peter Cornwell. The film is alleged to be about Carmen Snedeker and her family, though Ray Garton, author of In a Dark Place: The Story of a True Haunting (1992), has publicly distanced himself from the accuracy of the events he depicted in the book. The film's story follows the fictional Campbells as they move into a house (a former mortuary) to mitigate the strains of travel on their cancer-stricken son, Matt. The family soon becomes haunted by violent and traumatic events from supernatural forces occupying the house.\nAlthough the film was moderately successful at the box office, grossing $77,527,732, it received \"generally unfavorable reviews\" according to Metacritic. In 2010 Gold Circle Films announced the production of two more entries in the franchise, The Haunting in Connecticut 2: Ghosts of Georgia (released 2013) and The Amityville Murders: A Haunting on Long Island. They noted, however, that neither film would be a direct sequel to The Haunting in Connecticut and would instead be self-contained films with unique characters.", "Q184746": "Dame Jane Morris Goodall (; born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall on 3 April 1934), formerly Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is an English primatologist and anthropologist. Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 60-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees since she first went to Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania in 1960.She is the founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and the Roots & Shoots programme, and she has worked extensively on conservation and animal welfare issues. She has served on the board of the Nonhuman Rights Project since its founding in 1996. In April 2002, she was named a UN Messenger of Peace. Goodall is also honorary member of the World Future Council.", "Q608533": "James F. \"Jay\" Carney (born May 22, 1965) is the former White House press secretary to President Barack Obama. He served as press secretary from January 2011 through June 2014. For the first two years of Obama\u2019s presidency, Carney was director of communications for Vice President Joe Biden. Prior to his government service, Carney worked for 20 years at Time Magazine, and was the magazine\u2019s Washington bureau chief from 2005 to 2008. As a Washington-based reporter, Carney appeared frequently on various political talk shows, including This Week with George Stephanopoulos for ABC News.\nCarney has been the senior vice president of global corporate affairs at Amazon since March 2, 2015. He oversees public policy and public relations for all of Amazon\u2019s businesses around the world and reports to CEO and founder Jeff Bezos.", "Q272068": "Heather Grace Angel (9 February 1909 \u2013 13 December 1986) was a British actress.", "Q106037": "Heinrich Arthur Matthes (11 January 1902 \u2013 16 December 1978) was a German SS commander during the Nazi era. He served as a deputy commandant of Treblinka extermination camp during the Operation Reinhard phase of the Holocaust in Poland. Matthes was appointed chief of the extermination area at Camp 2 where the gas chambers were built and managed by the SS personnel overseeing some 300 slave labourers disposing of corpses under penalty of death. He was tried in the 1964 Treblinka trials, convicted, and sentenced to life imprisonment.", "Q24278": "Thomas Eugene Gaddis (September 14, 1908 \u2013 October 10, 1984) was an author from the United States, most noted for his book about convicted murderer Robert Stroud, who was known as the \"Birdman of Alcatraz\". Gaddis was born in Denver, Colorado. He wrote many non-fiction books, mostly biographies. In addition to Birdman of Alcatraz (1955), he wrote Killer: A Journal of Murder (1970) about serial killer Carl Panzram.\nGaddis wrote Birdman of Alcatraz in 1955. The biography became one of the nation's better-known prison biographies. Birdman of Alcatraz was the story of Robert Stroud, the grandson of a federal judge, who was sentenced to life imprisonment in solitary confinement after stabbing a guard to death in Leavenworth Federal prison in Kansas. Stroud was serving time in Leavenworth as a consequence of a slaying he committed in Alaska. While in solitary in Leavenworth, Stroud became an expert on birds, writing Stroud's Digest of the Diseases of Birds in Leavenworth from 1939 to 1941.The 1962 film Birdman of Alcatraz starred Burt Lancaster as Stroud. Gaddis was portrayed by Edmond O'Brien.Gaddis worked as a court consultant and on various writing projects. He is also well known for the following quote:\n\n\"Alcatraz, the federal prison with a name like the blare of a trombone, is a black molar in the jawbone of the nation's prison system.\"\nHe died in Portland, Oregon on October 10, 1984 at age 76.", "Q235323": "Taryn Nicole Dryden (n\u00e9e Terrell; born December 28, 1985) is an American ring announcer, referee, model, actress, stunt woman and retired professional wrestler. She is best known for her time with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), under her real name, and for her time in WWE, where she performed under the ring name Tiffany. She is a former TNA Knockouts Champion, where her 279-day reign stood as the longest reign in the title's history until 2019. During her time in WWE, she trained at WWE's then-developmental territory, Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), and served as the final general manager of the now-defunct ECW brand.", "Q377662": "Jeffrey Duncan Jones (born September 28, 1946) is an American character actor best known for his roles as Emperor Joseph II in Amadeus (1984), Edward R. Rooney in Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986), Charles Deetz in Beetlejuice (1988), and A. W. Merrick in both Deadwood (2004\u20132006) and Deadwood: The Movie (2019). His career started in Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, Minnesota and advanced to London and Broadway. In film and television, Jones has had many roles which capitalized on his deadpan portrayal of characters in unusual situations, often to comic effect. He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for his performance in Amadeus and a Screen Actors Guild Award as part of the ensemble cast of Deadwood.In 2003, Jones pleaded no contest to a charge of soliciting a minor to pose for nude photographs and had subsequent arrests for failing to update his sex offender status.", "Q299977": "Bogdan Dikli\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0414\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u045b; born 1 August 1953) is a Serbian actor. He has been active since the late 1970s and starred in over one hundred Yugoslav films and television series. Dikli\u0107 made ten films with director Goran Markovi\u0107. In August 2009, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award \"Pavle Vuisi\u0107\" for his body of work in Yugoslav cinematography.", "Q118209": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric-Fran\u00e7ois-Louis Perrier (22 May 1849 \u2013 16 May 1913) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1912\u20131913). As of 2009, he is the member with the shortest time in office (14 months).", "Q192124": "Ab\u016b Ja\u02bffar Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Jar\u012br al-\u1e6cabar\u012b (; Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u200e, Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u200e) (224\u2013310 AH; 839\u2013923 AD) was an influential Iranian scholar, historian and exegete of the Qur'an from Amol, Tabaristan (modern Mazandaran Province of Iran), who composed all his works in Arabic.\nToday, he is best known for his expertise in Qur'anic exegesis and Islamic jurisprudence but he has been described as \"an impressively prolific polymath. He wrote on such subjects as world history, poetry, lexicography, grammar, ethics, mathematics, and medicine.\"\nAl-Tabari's madhhab flourished among Sunni ulama for two centuries after his death before it eventually became extinct. It was usually designated by the name Jariri.", "Q524707": "Andr\u00e9s Rivera, born Marcos Ribak (December 12, 1928 \u2013 December 23, 2016) was an Argentine writer, born in Buenos Aires. He was at various points a textile worker, a journalist, and a writer. From 1953\u20131957, Rivera worked as a journalist on the staff of the magazine Pl\u00e1tica.", "Q99921": "Heinrich Deubel (19 February 1890 \u2013 2 October 1962) was a German soldier, civil servant, World War I veteran and officer in the Schutzstaffel who served as commandant of Dachau concentration camp.", "Q68066": "Paul-Henri Campbell (born 1982) is a German-American author. He is a bilingual author of poetry and prose in English and German. He studied classical philology, with a concentration on ancient Greek, as well as Catholic theology at the National University of Ireland in Maynooth and at the Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main.His work has led him on the search for modern-day mythologies. He describes his approach as mythical realism. Campbell's contributions have been featured and published in German and American literary magazines including Lichtungen, World Literature Today, Hessischer Literaturebote, Akzente, entw\u00fcrfe, and Cordite Poetry Review.", "Q395": "Mathematics (from Greek \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 m\u00e1th\u0113ma, \"knowledge, study, learning\") includes the study of such topics as quantity (number theory), structure (algebra), space (geometry), and change (mathematical analysis). It has no generally accepted definition.Mathematicians seek and use patterns to formulate new conjectures; they resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proof. When mathematical structures are good models of real phenomena, mathematical reasoning can be used to provide insight or predictions about nature. Through the use of abstraction and logic, mathematics developed from counting, calculation, measurement, and the systematic study of the shapes and motions of physical objects. Practical mathematics has been a human activity from as far back as written records exist. The research required to solve mathematical problems can take years or even centuries of sustained inquiry.\nRigorous arguments first appeared in Greek mathematics, most notably in Euclid's Elements. Since the pioneering work of Giuseppe Peano (1858\u20131932), David Hilbert (1862\u20131943), and others on axiomatic systems in the late 19th century, it has become customary to view mathematical research as establishing truth by rigorous deduction from appropriately chosen axioms and definitions. Mathematics developed at a relatively slow pace until the Renaissance, when mathematical innovations interacting with new scientific discoveries led to a rapid increase in the rate of mathematical discovery that has continued to the present day.Mathematics is essential in many fields, including natural science, engineering, medicine, finance, and the social sciences. Applied mathematics has led to entirely new mathematical disciplines, such as statistics and game theory. Mathematicians engage in pure mathematics (mathematics for its own sake) without having any application in mind, but practical applications for what began as pure mathematics are often discovered later.", "Q711710": "Anthony Fort\u00e9 (born Anthony H. Fort\u00e9, March 2, 1968), better known by his stage name Rappin' 4-Tay, is an American rapper from the Fillmore District of San Francisco, California.", "Q70629": "Breggia is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 25 October 2009 the municipalities of Bruzella, Cabbio, Caneggio, Morbio Superiore, Muggio and Sagno merged into the municipality of Breggia.", "Q434266": "Pyotr Demianovich Ouspenskii (known in English as Peter D. Ouspensky, \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0414\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 5 March 1878 \u2013 2 October 1947), was a Russian esotericist known for his expositions of the early work of the Greek-Armenian teacher of esoteric doctrine George Gurdjieff. He met Gurdjieff in Moscow in 1915, and was associated with the ideas and practices originating with Gurdjieff from then on. He taught ideas and methods based in the Gurdjieff system for 25 years in England and the United States, although he separated from Gurdjieff personally in 1924, for reasons that are explained in the last chapter of his book In Search of the Miraculous.\nOuspensky studied the Gurdjieff system directly under Gurdjieff's own supervision for a period of ten years, from 1915 to 1924. In Search of the Miraculous recounts what he learned from Gurdjieff during those years. While lecturing in London in 1924, he announced that he would continue independently the way he had begun in 1921. Some, including his close pupil Rodney Collin, say that he finally gave up the system in 1947, just before his death, but his own recorded words on the subject (\"A Record of Meetings\", published posthumously) do not clearly endorse this judgement.", "Q3092": "The Man Between (also known as Berlin Story) is a 1953 British thriller film directed by Carol Reed and starring James Mason, Claire Bloom, Hildegard Knef and Geoffrey Toone. The screenplay concerns a British woman on a visit to post-war Berlin, who is caught up in an espionage ring smuggling secrets into and out of the Eastern Bloc.", "Q1054574": "Romance films or romance movies are romantic love stories recorded in visual media for broadcast in theaters and on TV that focus on passion, emotion, and the affectionate romantic involvement of the main characters and the journey that their love takes them through dating, courtship or marriage. Romance films make the romantic love story or the search for strong and pure love and romance the main plot focus. Occasionally, romance lovers face obstacles such as finances, physical illness, various forms of discrimination, psychological restraints or family that threaten to break their union of love. As in all quite strong, deep, and close romantic relationships, tensions of day-to-day life, temptations (of infidelity), and differences in compatibility enter into the plots of romantic films.Romantic films often explore the essential themes of love at first sight, young with older love, unrequited romantic love, obsessive love, sentimental love, spiritual love, forbidden love/romance, platonic love, sexual and passionate love, sacrificial love, explosive and destructive love, and tragic love. Romantic films serve as great escapes and fantasies for viewers, especially if the two people finally overcome their difficulties, declare their love, and experience life \"happily ever after\", implied by a reunion and final kiss. In romantic television series, the development of such romantic relationships may play out over many episodes, and different characters may become intertwined in different romantic arcs.\n\n", "Q57296": "Sean Michael Coulthard (born December 8, 1968) better known by his stage name Michael Cole, is an American professional wrestling commentator and former journalist. He is signed to WWE, where he serves as the play-by-play commentator for the SmackDown brand.\n\n", "Q155309": "Korolyov or Korolev (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0432, IPA: [k\u0259r\u0250\u02c8l\u02b2\u0275f]) is an industrial city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, well known as the cradle of Soviet and Russian space exploration. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 183,402. The largest in the population of science city. The population is more than 220 000 people (2018).\nIt was known as Kaliningrad (\u041a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0434) from 1938 to 1996, and served as the leading Soviet center for production of anti-tank and air-defense guns. In 1946, in the aftermath of World War II, the artillery plant was reconstructed for production of rockets, launch vehicles, and spacecraft, under the guidance of Russian scientist and academician Sergei Korolev, who envisioned, consolidated and guided the activities of many people in the Soviet space-exploration program. The plant later became known as the RKK Energia; when the Vostok space vehicle was being developed, this research center was designated as NII-88 or POB 989.\nRussian Mission Control Center is also located in Korolyov. Though the real control is decentralized due to security reasons, and all space aircraft may be controlled from many different locations across Russia, the historic center of control is still in Korolev, and is called FCC - Flights Control Center.\nIn July 1996, the city was renamed in commemoration of Sergei Korolev, the father of the Soviet/Russian space program, who died in 1966. Since 1997, Korolyov has hosted the International Space Olympics, an annual competition for young people, to promote space related research.", "Q511964": "Petersburg is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 32,420. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines Petersburg (along with the city of Colonial Heights) with Dinwiddie County for statistical purposes. It is located on the Appomattox River (a tributary of the longer larger James River flowing east to meet the southern mouth of the Chesapeake Bay at the Hampton Roads harbor and the Atlantic Ocean). The city is just 21 miles (34 km) south of the historic commonwealth (state) capital city of Richmond. The city's unique industrial past and its location as a transportation hub combined to create wealth for Virginia and the Middle Atlantic and Upper South regions of the nation.\nEarly in the colonial era of the 18th century, Petersburg was the final destination on the Upper Appomattox Canal Navigation System because of its location on the Appomattox River with its connection to the James River to the east at the Atlantic Seaboard fall line (the head of navigation of rivers on the U.S. East Coast) and the tying in with the James River shipping traffic was a strategic place for transportation and commercial activities. It connected commerce as far inland as Farmville, Virginia at the foothills of the Blue Ridge and the Appalachian Mountains chain, to shipping further east into the Chesapeake Bay and North Atlantic Ocean. For similar reasons, 17th century era Fort Henry was built at the order of the Virginia House of Burgesses at Petersburg in 1645 to protect the river traffic.\nAs railroads were being constructed and extended in the state in the 1830s and 1840s, Petersburg was developed as a major transfer point for both north-south and east-west competitors. The Petersburg Railroad, authorized in 1830, three years after the first American railway, the B.& O. in Baltimore, by the state legislatures of both Virginia and North Carolina to the south, which opened in 1833. It was another one of the earliest predecessors of the modern-day CSX Transportation system. Several of the earliest predecessors of the area's other major Class 1 railroad, the Norfolk Southern, also met at Petersburg. Access to railroads stimulated industry in the city, which was already established because of the water power available at the fall line, as the river plunged from the Piedmont level to lower tidewater lands.\nDuring the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), because of this railroad network, Petersburg was key to Union plans to capture the Confederate States national capital established early in the war at Richmond. Nine months of trench warfare were conducted by Union forces during the 1864\u201365 Siege of Petersburg. Battlefield sites are located throughout the city and surrounding areas, partly preserved as Petersburg National Battlefield by the National Park Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior.\nThe city is also significant for its role in African-American history. Petersburg had one of the oldest free black settlements in the state at Pocahontas Island. Two Baptist churches in the city, whose congregations were founded in the late 18th century, are among the oldest black congregations and churches in the United States. In the 20th century, these and other black churches were leaders in the national Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s-1960s. In the post-bellum period, a historically black college which later developed as the Virginia State University was established nearby in Ettrick in Chesterfield County. Richard Bland College, now a junior college, was originally established here as a branch of Williamsburg's famed College of William and Mary.\nPetersburg remains a transportation hub, with the network of area highways including Interstate Highways 85, 95, and U.S. Route highways with 1, 301, and 460. Both CSX and Norfolk Southern rail systems maintain transportation centers at Petersburg. Amtrak serves the city with daily Northeast Regional passenger trains to Norfolk, Virginia, and long-distance routes from states to the South.In the early 21st century, Petersburg civic leaders were highlighting the city's historical attractions for heritage tourism, and the industrial sites reachable by the transportation infrastructure. Military activity has been expanded by the federal government at nearby Fort Lee, home of the United States Army's Sustainment Center of Excellence, and the Army's Logistics Branch, Ordnance, Quartermaster, and Transportation Corps.", "Q31113": "The Kuomintang (KMT), also often alternatively translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in Taiwan, i.e. the Republic of China, based in Taipei. Formed in 1919, the KMT was formerly the sole ruling party of the Republic of China from 1928 to 2000 and is currently an opposition political party in the Legislative Yuan.\nThe predecessor of the Kuomintang, the Revolutionary Alliance (Tongmenghui), was one of the major advocates of the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the subsequent revolt in 1911 and proclamation of the Republic of China. The KMT was founded by Song Jiaoren and Sun Yat-sen shortly after the Xinhai Revolution of 1911. Sun was the provisional President, but he later ceded the presidency to Yuan Shikai. Later led by Chiang Kai-shek, the KMT formed the National Revolutionary Army and succeeded in its Northern Expedition to unify much of mainland China in 1928, ending the chaos of the Warlord Era. It was the ruling party in mainland China until 1949, when it lost the Chinese Civil War to the rival Communist Party of China. The KMT fled to Taiwan where it continued to govern as an authoritarian one-party state. This government retained China's United Nations seat (with considerable Western support) until 1971.\nTaiwan ceased to be a single-party state in 1986 and political reforms beginning in the 1990s loosened the KMT's grip on power. Nevertheless, the KMT remains one of Taiwan's main political parties, with Ma Ying-jeou, elected in 2008 and re-elected in 2012, being the seventh KMT member to hold the office of the presidency. In the 2016 general and presidential election, the KMT was defeated in both elections and the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) gained control of both the Legislative Yuan and the presidency, Tsai Ing-wen being elected President.\nThe party's guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, advocated by Sun Yat-sen. The KMT is a member of the International Democrat Union. Together with the People First Party and New Party, the KMT forms what is known as the Taiwanese Pan-Blue Coalition which supports eventual unification with the mainland. However, the KMT has been forced to moderate its stance by advocating the political and legal status quo of modern Taiwan as political realities make the reunification of China unlikely. The KMT holds to the one-China policy in that it officially considers that there is only one China, but that the Republic of China rather than the People's Republic of China is its legitimate government under the 1992 Consensus. To ease tensions with the PRC, the KMT has since 2008 endorsed the Three Noes policy as defined by Ma Ying-jeou, namely no unification, no independence and no use of force.", "Q465997": "John Lombe (1693 in Norwich \u2013 November 20, 1722 in Derby) was a silk spinner in the 18th century Derby, England.", "Q237534": "Austrians (German: \u00d6sterreicher) are a Germanic nation and ethnic group, native to modern Austria and South Tyrol that share a common Austrian culture, Austrian descent and Austrian history. The English term Austrians was applied to the population of Habsburg Austria from the 17th or 18th century. Subsequently, during the 19th century, it referred to the citizens of the Empire of Austria (1804\u20131867), and from 1867 until 1918 to the citizens of Cisleithania. In the closest sense, the term Austria originally referred to the historical March of Austria, corresponding roughly to the Vienna Basin in what is today Lower Austria.\nHistorically, Austrians were regarded as ethnic Germans and viewed themselves as such. Austria was part of the Holy Roman Empire and the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 which resulted in Prussia expelling Austria from the Confederation. Thus, when Germany was founded as a nation-state in 1871, Austria was not a part of it. In 1867, Austria was reformed into the Austro-Hungarian Empire. After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918 at the end of World War I, Austria was reduced to a rump state and adopted and briefly used the name the Republic of German-Austria (German: Republik Deutsch\u00f6sterreich) in an attempt for union with the Republic of Germany, but was forbidden due to the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919). The First Austrian Republic was founded in 1919. The Third Reich annexed Austria with the Anschluss in 1938.\nSince the fall of the Third Reich and the events of World War II, both the political ideology of pan-Germanism and the union with Germany have become discredited due to their association with Nazism, allowing Austrians to develop their own separate and distinct national identity. Today, the vast majority of Austrians do not identify as German.Therefore, Austrians may be described either as a nationality or as a homogeneous Germanic ethnic group, that is closely related to neighboring Germans, Liechtensteiners, South Tyroleans, and German-speaking Swiss.", "Q1329269": "The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania ( WHAWR-t\u0259n; also known as Wharton Business School, The Wharton School or simply Wharton) is the business school of the University of Pennsylvania, a private Ivy League university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Established in 1881 through a donation from Joseph Wharton, the Wharton School is the world's oldest collegiate school of business.The Wharton School awards Bachelor of Science in Economics degrees at the undergraduate level and Master of Business Administration degrees at the postgraduate level, both of which require the selection of a major. Wharton also offers a doctoral program and houses, or co-sponsors, several diploma programs either alone or in conjunction with the other schools at the university.Wharton's MBA program is ranked No. 1 in the United States according to Forbes and No. 1 in the United States according to the 2020 U.S. News & World Report ranking. Meanwhile, Wharton's MBA for Executives and undergraduate programs are ranked No. 3 and No. 1 in the United States respectively by U.S. News. MBA graduates of Wharton earn an average $159,815 first year base pay not including bonuses, the highest of all the leading schools. Wharton's MBA program is tied for the highest in the United States with an average GMAT score of 732 (97th percentile) for its entering class.Wharton has over 95,000 alumni in 153 countries, including current U.S. President Donald Trump, SpaceX founder Elon Musk, and billionaire investor Warren Buffett. Current and former CEOs of Fortune 500 companies including Alphabet Inc., General Electric, Boeing, Pfizer, Comcast, Oracle, PepsiCo and Johnson & Johnson are also Wharton School alumni.", "Q76258": "Rainald Maria Goetz (born May 24, 1954 in Munich) is a German author, playwright and essayist.", "Q69378": "Schwende District is a district in the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q560145": "Rustom Khurshedji Karanjia (1912 \u2013 1 February 2008) was an Indian journalist and editor. He typically signed his reports as \"R. K. Karanjia\". He founded the Blitz, a weekly tabloid with focus on investigative journalism in 1941, and ran it for the next four decades. He also founded The Daily, a daily tabloid which was run by his daughter.", "Q603466": "Joseph Harold Anthony Hulme (26 August 1904 \u2013 27 September 1991) was an English footballer and cricketer.", "Q71251": "Gottlieb Ferdinand Albert Alexis Graf von Haeseler (January 19, 1836 \u2013 October 25, 1919) was a German military officer of the Imperial Wilhelmine period, with final rank of Generalfeldmarschall.", "Q217182": "Edward Scissorhands is a 1990 American fantasy romance film directed by Tim Burton. It was produced by Burton and Denise Di Novi, and written by Caroline Thompson from a story by her and Burton. Johnny Depp plays an artificial man named Edward, an unfinished creation who has scissor blades instead of hands. The young man is taken in by a suburban family and falls in love with their teenage daughter Kim (Winona Ryder). Additional roles were played by Dianne Wiest, Anthony Michael Hall, Kathy Baker, Vincent Price and Alan Arkin.\nBurton conceived Edward Scissorhands from his childhood upbringing in suburban Burbank, California. During pre-production of Beetlejuice, Caroline Thompson was hired to adapt Burton's story into a screenplay, and the film began development at 20th Century Fox, after Warner Bros. declined. Edward Scissorhands was then fast tracked after Burton's critical and financial success with Batman. The majority of filming took place in Lutz, Florida between March 10 and June 10, 1990. The film also marks the fourth collaboration between Burton and film score composer Danny Elfman. The leading role of Edward had been connected to several actors prior to Depp's casting: a meeting between Burton and the preferred choice of the studio, Tom Cruise, was not fruitful, and Tom Hanks and Gary Oldman turned down the part. The character of The Inventor was devised specifically for Vincent Price, and would be his last major role. Edward's scissor hands were created and designed by Stan Winston.\nEdward Scissorhands was released to a positive reception from critics and was a financial success, grossing over four times its $20 million budget. The film received numerous nominations at the Academy Awards, British Academy Film Awards, and the Saturn Awards, as well as winning the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. Both Burton and Elfman consider Edward Scissorhands their most personal and favorite work.\n\n", "Q78513": "Otto Weininger (German: [\u02c8va\u026an\u026a\u014b\u0250]; 3 April 1880 \u2013 4 October 1903) was an Austrian thinker who lived in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1903, he published the book Geschlecht und Charakter (Sex and Character), which gained popularity after his suicide at the age of 23. Parts of his work were adapted for use by the Nazi regime (while at the same time denouncing him). Weininger was a large influence on Ludwig Wittgenstein, August Strindberg, and relatively on James Joyce.", "Q934189": "Kirsha Danilov (Russian: \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0448\u0430 \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432) was the supposed compiler of a collection of Russian heroic, religious and humorous folksongs that made its first appearance in print in 1804. The anthology is entitled The Ancient Russian Poems and includes 71 texts set down in manuscript in the mid-18th century, probably in the Urals. It was one of the first authentic collections of folksongs to be published in Europe. The original manuscript was owned by industrialist Prokofi Demidov and is kept in the Russian National Library in St Petersburg.Nothing is known about Kirsha Danilov. His first name is the diminutive of \"Cyril\". The name is written on the manuscript, but may be fictitious. His collection proved very popular with a literate public whose patriotic feelings and interest in the national history were awoken by Napoleon's invasion and Karamzin's research. An extended edition with melodies was prepared by Konstantin Kalaidovich at the bidding of Count Rumyantsev in 1818. Several obscene songs from Kirsha's collection were not published until the 20th century.", "Q104146": "Deborah Jane Kerr-Trimmer CBE (30 September 1921 \u2013 16 October 2007), known professionally as Deborah Kerr (), was a Scottish film, theatre and television actress. During her international film career, she won a Golden Globe Award for her performance as Anna Leonowens in the musical film The King and I (1956). As well as The King and I, her films include: An Affair to Remember (1957), The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943), Black Narcissus (1947), From Here to Eternity (1953), Tea and Sympathy (1956), Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison (1957), Separate Tables (1958), The Innocents (1961), The Sundowners (1960), The Grass is Greener (1960), and The Night of the Iguana (1964). \nDeborah Kerr was nominated six times for the Academy Award for Best Actress, and holds the record for an actress most nominated in the lead actress category without winning. In 1994, however, having already received honorary awards from the Cannes Film Festival and BAFTA, Kerr received an Academy Honorary Award with a citation recognising her as \"an artist of impeccable grace and beauty, a dedicated actress whose motion picture career has always stood for perfection, discipline and elegance\".\n\n", "Q124296": "Ernst Jaeckh (February 22, 1875 in Urach, Germany \u2013 August 17, 1959 in New York City, USA) was a German author.\n\n", "Q1682369": "Jan Williams (born Jan Gardner Williams, July 17, 1939 in Utica, New York) is a percussionist, arts administrator, teacher, conductor, and composer who has championed avant-garde and progressive music in the United States. He is recognized as an important proponent of percussion performance and its literature.", "Q373362": "A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors is a 1987 American fantasy slasher film directed by Chuck Russell. The story was developed by Wes Craven and Bruce Wagner. It is the third installment in the Nightmare on Elm Street series and stars Heather Langenkamp, Patricia Arquette, Larry Fishburne, Priscilla Pointer, Craig Wasson, and Robert Englund as Freddy Krueger. The plot centers around the antagonist, who seeks to murder the remaining children of the parents who burned him to death. The kids are committed to a psychiatric hospital where Nancy Thompson, whose parents helped to kill Krueger, works. Freddy does not know that Nancy is training the kids to control their dreams in order to fight him.\nDream Warriors was theatrically released on February 27, 1987, and grossed $44.8 million on a budget of $4.5 million. The film was preceded by A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge (1985) and followed by a sequel, A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master (1988).", "Q434500": "Lainie Kazan (born May 15, 1939) is an American actress and singer. She was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for St. Elsewhere and the 1993 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for My Favorite Year. She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her role in My Favorite Year (1982). Kazan played Maria Portokalos in My Big Fat Greek Wedding and its sequel film My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2.", "Q1396699": "Matthew John Crnkovich (born November 10, 1956), known as Matt Craven, is a Canadian actor. He has appeared in over 40 films including Happy Birthday to Me, Jacob's Ladder, K2, A Few Good Men, The Juror, Assault on Precinct 13, Disturbia, and X-Men: First Class.\nCraven has also made several television appearances, most notably as Clayton Jarvis on the CBS series, NCIS, Officer Lenny Gayer on High Incident, Dr. Tim Lonner on L.A. Doctors, and Sheriff Fred Langston on the series, Resurrection.\n\n", "Q74329": "Lewis George Moonie, Baron Moonie (born 25 February 1947 in Dundee) is a politician in the United Kingdom. He was the Labour Co-operative Member of Parliament (MP) for Kirkcaldy from 1987 to 2005.", "Q929866": "Jaume Santamaria i Puig (26 July 1957 \u2013 16 February 2011), known as Santi Santamaria (Catalan pronunciation: [\u02c8santi \u02ccsant\u0259m\u0259\u02c8\u027ei.\u0259]), was a Spanish Catalan avant-garde chef. He was the first Catalan chef and owner to have his restaurant receive three stars from the Michelin Guide (Can Fabes in 1994).\nHis second restaurant (Sant Celoni) was awarded two Michelin stars. \nHis style was a modern interpretation of traditional Catalan cuisine and slow food, focusing on fresh Mediterranean ingredients.Santamaria made controversial accusations against the \"molecular gastronomy\" of other Spanish chefs, singling out Ferran Adri\u00e0.Santamaria died on 16 February 2011 in his restaurant in Marina Bay Sands, Singapore of a heart attack.", "Q25600": "For the large-scale psychological survey research project led by Samuel A. Stouffer in the 1940s, see Studies in Social Psychology in World War II: The American Soldier..The American Soldier (German: Der amerikanische Soldat) is a 1970 West German film written and directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder. The film stars Karl Scheydt as Ricky, a German-American Vietnam veteran, who takes a job as a hired assassin on behalf of three renegade policemen to do away with a number of undesirables in Munich.", "Q63655": "Thierry Mariani (born 8 August 1958) is a French politician. He was Secretary of State for Transport for the Minister of Ecology, Sustainable development, Transport and Housing in the Fran\u00e7ois Fillon III government (November 2010\u2013May 2012), and a member of The Republicans, until joining the National Rally's list for the European election in January 2019.", "Q75037": "Johann Nepomuk Huber (18 August 1830 \u2013 20 March 1879), was a German philosophical and theological writer, and a leader of the \"Old Catholic Church\".", "Q1046616": "Timothy James Rice-Oxley (born 2 June 1976), is an English musician, producer, singer and multi-instrumentalist, best known for being the keyboardist, singer and songwriter of the British pop rock band Keane. In 2010, Rice-Oxley formed a side-project, Mt. Desolation, with his Keane bandmate Jesse Quin.", "Q1221621": "Michael Siegfried \"Mickey\" Raphael (born November 7, 1951) is an American harmonica player, music producer and actor best known for his work with Willie Nelson. He has performed or recorded with Jason Isbell, Townes Van Zandt, Chris Stapleton, Tom Morello, Paul Simon, Snoop Dogg, Engelbert Humperdinck, Leon Bridges, Neil Young, Norah Jones Bob Dylan, Ray Charles, Duane Eddy, Vince Gill, Emmylou Harris, Leon Russell, Lionel Richie, Elton John, M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce, Zac Brown Band, Dave Matthews, Blue \u00d6yster Cult, Wynton Marsalis, Lonnie Donnegan, Kenny Chesney, U2, Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, Kris Kristofferson, Jerry Lee Lewis, Blind Boys of Alabama, Waylon Jennings, Aaron Lewis, Rodney Crowell, Supersuckers and Dan Auerbach.\nProduction credits include Naked Willie, a stripped down remix of Willie Nelson's early RCA catalogs and the 2016 release of THE HIGHWAYMEN Box set, which includes live performances by Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, Johnny Cash and Kris Kristofferson and one new release produced by Raphael with legendary producer Chips Momans .Raphael also appeared in the movies Songwriter and Honeysuckle Rose, and filmed performances with Willie Nelson, Wynton Marsalis, and Norah Jones.Mickey Raphael calls Nashville home and continues to tour, record, and produce projects in Nashville, New York, and Los Angeles.\n\n", "Q106751": "Alan Jay Heeger (born January 22, 1936) is an American physicist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate in chemistry.\n\n", "Q4170208": "Komputeko is an online project of the non-profit youth organization E@I (\u201cEducation@Internet\u201d) with the goal of bringing together parallel computer terminology from various dictionaries in order to facilitate access to and comparison between different translations and thus promote exact use of language and counteract the (often sloppy) usage of linguistic borrowings from American English. Komputeko is short for the Esperanto noun phrase \"Prikomputila terminokolekto\", meaning \"collection of computer terms\". The dictionary is written in five languages (Esperanto, English, Dutch, German and French), and there are plans to expand it into other languages. A preliminary version with a few other languages already exists.", "Q52488": "Ales Adamovich (Belarusian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0447, Alie\u015b Adamovi\u010d, Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447, 3 September 1927 in Hlu\u0161a Minsk Voblast, Belarus, USSR \u2013 26 January 1994 in Moscow, Russia) was a Belarusian Soviet writer and a critic, Professor and Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Doctor of Philosophy in philology, Doctorate in 1962 (a degree in Russia corresponding to Habilitation); member of the Supreme Soviet (1989\u201392). He wrote in Russian and Belarusian.\nHe is best known for The Khatyn Story, The Blockade Book and writing screenplay for Soviet movie Come and See. He is highly regarded for his austere yet deeply humane antiwar stance, moral courage and uncompromising honesty.", "Q253918": "Melodic death metal (also referred to as melodeath) is a subgenre of death metal that employs highly melodic guitar riffs, often borrowing from traditional heavy metal. The style originated and developed in Sweden (pioneered by At the Gates, Dark Tranquillity and In Flames) and the United Kingdom (pioneered by Carcass) around 1993. The Swedish death metal scene did much to popularise the style, soon centering in the \"Gothenburg metal\" scene.", "Q234997": "Bonnie Bedelia Culkin (born March 25, 1948) is an American actress. After beginning her career in theatre, she starred in the CBS daytime soap opera Love of Life (1961\u20131967) before making her movie debut in The Gypsy Moths (1969). Bedelia was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her performance in the 1983 film Heart Like a Wheel, and for an Independent Spirit Award for The Prince of Pennsylvania (1988). She is best known for her role as Holly Gennero McClane in the action films Die Hard (1988) and Die Hard 2 (1990), and for her work in the movies They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969), Lovers and Other Strangers (1970), Bonanza (1969, 1972 appearing opposite Michael Landon), Presumed Innocent (1990), and Needful Things (1993). Bedelia has also had many other leading and supporting film roles.\nFor her television work, Bedelia has earned two Emmy Awards nominations. From 2001 to 2004, Bedelia played the lead role in the Lifetime television drama series The Division. She later starred as family matriarch Camille Braverman in the NBC drama series Parenthood (2010\u20132015).", "Q100334": "Niclas M\u00fcller (born in Langenau, near Ulm, Germany, on 15 November 1809; died in New York City, 14 August 1875) was a German-American poet.", "Q763392": "Shining (stylized as SHINING) is a Norwegian hard rock band from Oslo. Thirteen musicians have been a part of the band's lineup in its history, with singer, guitarist, saxophonist, and songwriter J\u00f8rgen Munkeby as its leading force and only constant member. The band is also called SHINING (NOR) to avoid confusion with the eponymous Swedish black metal band.\nShining was created in 1999 as an acoustic instrumental jazz quartet consisting of Munkeby, drummer Torstein Lofthus, pianist Morten Qvenild, and double bassist Aslak Hartberg. They released their first albums Where the Ragged People Go and Sweet Shanghai Devil in 2001 and 2003 respectively. Their 2005 album In the Kingdom of Kitsch You Will Be a Monster led the band into a more avant-garde, electric, and rock-oriented sound, with Qvenild playing synthesizers and other electronic keyboards and Hartberg mostly using bass guitar instead of double bass.\nQvenild and Hartberg both left the band before or following the release of the album, being replaced in 2005 by Andreas Hessen Schei and Morten Str\u00f8m respectively. Under this line-up, Shining released Grindstone in 2007, an album going into a heavier direction and distancing itself more from jazz, incorporating elements from progressive rock, pop, and 19th and 20th-century classical music. During the following years, Schei was replaced by Andreas Ulvo who was himself replaced by Bernt Moen, while Tor Egil Kreken replaced Str\u00f8m on bass guitar. The band included guitarist Even Helte Hermansen as a new member in 2010, expanding into a quintet.\nOn their fifth album Blackjazz (2010) Shining became an extreme avant-garde metal band with the use of growled vocals from Munkeby. During the same year, Hermansen was replaced by Sagen. Their first live album Live Blackjazz and sixth studio, One One One, released in 2013, follow the musical direction begun in Blackjazz. In the following years, Lofthus (the only original member left aside from Munkeby), L\u00f8chsen, and Kreken all left the band. The two first were replaced by Tobias \u00d8rnes Andersen and Eirik Tovsrud Knutsen respectively, while Ole Vistnes became the bassist. Their studio album International Blackjazz Society, which helmed the band's shift away from avant-garde jazz-influenced metal towards a more classic hard rock sound, was released in 2015.\nShining's metal-oriented albums were received with much acclaim from both jazz, heavy metal, and more mainstream critics.", "Q351869": "Thomas Paulsley LaBeff (July 20, 1935 \u2013 December 26, 2019), known as Sleepy LaBeef, was an American singer, musician and actor.\n\n", "Q235451": "Vandana Shiva (born 5 November 1952) is an Indian scholar, environmental activist, food sovereignty advocate, and anti-globalization author. Shiva, currently based in Delhi, has authored more than twenty books.She is one of the leaders and board members of the International Forum on Globalization (along with Jerry Mander, Ralph Nader, and Jeremy Rifkin), and a figure of the anti-globalization movement. She has argued in favor of many traditional practices, as in her interview in the book Vedic Ecology (by Ranchor Prime). She is a member of the scientific committee of the Fundacion IDEAS, Spain's Socialist Party's think tank. She is also a member of the International Organization for a Participatory Society. She received the Right Livelihood Award in 1993, an award established by Swedish-German philanthropist Jakob von Uexkull, and regarded as an \"Alternative Nobel Prize\".\n\n", "Q215781": "Karl Philipp Moritz (Hameln, 15 September 1756 \u2013 Berlin, 26 June 1793) was a German author, editor and essayist of the Sturm und Drang, late enlightenment, and classicist periods, influencing early German Romanticism as well. He led a life as a hatter's apprentice, teacher, journalist, literary critic, professor of art and linguistics, and member of both of Berlin's academies.\n\n", "Q2747565": "Kevin Barney Rollins (born November 15, 1952) is an American businessman and philanthropist. The former President and CEO of Dell Inc., in 2006 Rollins was named by London's CBR as the 9th Most Influential person in the Enterprise IT sector.Rollins was born and raised in Utah and met his wife, Debra, while attending Brigham Young University (BYU). While at BYU, Rollins earned a bachelor's degree in humanities and civil engineering in 1983 and an MBA a year later. Before joining Dell in April 1996, Rollins was vice president and partner of Bain & Company where he specialized in strategies and management for high technology and consumer product clients. He helped develop strategies that propelled Dell into a commanding position in the direct selling of computer systems in the United States.Rollins became the chairman of the American Enterprise Institute's Board of Trustees on January 1, 2009.", "Q223233": "Sir Samuel Alexander Mendes (born 1 August 1965) is an English film and stage director, producer and screenwriter. In theatre, he is known for his dark re-inventions of the stage musicals Cabaret (1993), Oliver! (1994), Company (1995), and Gypsy (2003). He directed an original West End stage musical for the first time with Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2013). For directing the play The Ferryman, Mendes was awarded the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play in 2019.\nIn film, he made his directorial debut with the drama American Beauty (1999), which earned him the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Director. He has since directed the crime film Road to Perdition (2002), the drama Revolutionary Road (2008), and the James Bond films Skyfall (2012) and Spectre (2015). For the war film 1917 (2019), he received the BAFTA Award for Best Direction and a second Golden Globe Award for Best Director, as well as his second Academy Award win for Best Director; additionally, he won for Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay.In 2000, Mendes was appointed a CBE for his services to drama, and he was knighted in the 2020 New Years Honours List. In 2000 he was awarded the Shakespeare Prize by the Alfred Toepfer Foundation in Hamburg, Germany. In 2005, he received a lifetime achievement award from the Directors Guild of Great Britain. In 2008 The Daily Telegraph ranked him number 15 in their list of the \"100 most powerful people in British culture\".", "Q194227": "Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds are an English rock band formed in 2009 as the solo moniker of former Oasis songwriter, lead guitarist, and backing vocalist Noel Gallagher. The touring band consists of former Oasis members Gem Archer (guitar), Mike Rowe (piano), and Chris Sharrock (drums), as well as former Zutons member Russell Pritchard (bass). The band has also had a variety of guests contribute to albums such as the Crouch End Festival Chorus, Amorphous Androgynous, Johnny Marr, and Paul Weller.\nSince his departure from Oasis in August 2009, many speculated that Gallagher might record a solo album. In July 2011, he held a press conference to confirm this, after denying rumours from his brother Liam that Liam had already heard the tracks featured on it. Later that year, Noel released the project's self-titled debut album. Several singles from the album were released, including \"The Death of You and Me\", \"If I Had a Gun...\", \"AKA... What a Life!\", \"Dream On\", and \"Everybody's on the Run\". In 2015, High Flying Birds released their second album, Chasing Yesterday. Their third, Who Built the Moon?, followed in November 2017.\nGallagher explained in an interview on The Jonathan Ross Show that the inspiration for the band's name was from two sources: the idea to prefix the name with \"Noel Gallagher's\" was formed while he was listening to the album Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac, while the latter part of the name is taken from the song \"High Flying Bird\", most notably recorded by Jefferson Airplane.", "Q65230": "Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von Gagern (20 August 1799 \u2013 22 May 1880) was a statesman who argued for the unification of Germany.", "Q215959": "John Stith Pemberton (July 8, 1831 \u2013 August 16, 1888) was an American biochemist and American Civil War veteran who is best known as the inventor of Coca-Cola. In May 1886, he developed an early version of a beverage that would later become world-famous as Coca-Cola, but sold his rights to the drink shortly before his death.", "Q207385": "Kensington Palace is a royal residence set in Kensington Gardens, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It has been a residence of the British Royal Family since the 17th century, and is currently the official London residence of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, Princess Eugenie and her husband Jack Brooksbank, the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, the Duke and Duchess of Kent, and Prince and Princess Michael of Kent.\nToday, the State Rooms are open to the public and managed by the independent charity Historic Royal Palaces, a nonprofit organisation that does not receive public funds. The offices and private accommodation areas of the Palace remain the responsibility of the Royal Household and are maintained by the Royal Household Property Section. The palace also displays many paintings and other objects from the Royal Collection.", "Q217196": "The Crown of Castile was a medieval polity in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and, some decades later, the parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and Le\u00f3n upon the accession of the then Castilian king, Ferdinand III, to the vacant Leonese throne. It continued to exist as a separate entity after the personal union in 1469 of the crowns of Castile and Aragon with the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs up to the promulgation of the Nueva Planta decrees by Philip V in 1715.\nThe Indies, Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea were also a part of the Crown of Castile when transformed from lordships to kingdoms of the heirs of Castile in 1506, with the Treaty of Villaf\u00e1fila, and upon the death of Ferdinand the Catholic.\nThe title of \"King of Castile\" remained in use by the Habsburg rulers during the 16th and 17th centuries. Charles I was King of Aragon, Majorca, Valencia, and Sicily, and Count of Barcelona, Roussillon and Cerdagne, as well as King of Castile and Le\u00f3n, 1516\u20131556.\nIn the early 18th century, Philip of Bourbon won the War of the Spanish Succession and imposed unification policies over the Crown of Aragon, supporters of their enemies. This unified the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile into the kingdom of Spain. \nEven though the Nueva Planta decrees did not formally abolish the Crown of Castile, the country of (Castile and Aragon) was called \"Spain\" by both contemporaries and historians.\n\"King of Castile\" also remains part of the full title of Felipe VI of Spain, the current King of Spain according to the Spanish constitution of 1978, in the sense of titles, not of states.", "Q858721": "Big D and the Kids Table is a ska punk band formed in October 1995 in Boston, Massachusetts when its members converged in college. Their first release was on their own Fork in Hand Records label, but have since teamed with Springman Records and SideOneDummy. The band has been noted for its strict DIY work ethic, such as engineering, producing, and releasing their own albums and videos and self-promotion of their own shows.The band released Good Luck in 1999 on Asian Man Records and quickly gained a large underground audience. The album featured a 10 piece band, including six horn players. The album is characterized and widely liked due to its catchy horn melodies, along with its fun and energetic nature. In 2000 the band recorded a gangsta rap album, Porch Life, and distributed it unofficially via cassette tape. In 2003 the album was officially released on CD through Fork in Hand. They have also recorded splits with Melt-Banana, Brain Failure, and Drexel. In 2002, they released The Gipsy Hill LP, a collection of some of their thrash material, as well as their covers of \"Wailing Paddle\" by the Rudiments and \"New England\" by Jonathan Richman. This album featured what is considered to be the \"classic\" Big D lineup, which featured long-time members such as Sean P. Rogan, David McWane, Steve Foote, Chris Bush, Paul Cuttler and Dan Stoppelman. This lineup was also featured on How it Goes, which was released in 2004, as well as Strictly Rude in 2007 and Fluent in Stroll in 2009. In 2005, long-time saxophonist Chris Bush left the band to move to Denver, Colorado (and eventually to Hawaii) and was replaced by Ryan O'Connor, who has remained in the band since. O'Connor's first appearance on a Big D record was for their 2007 release Strictly Rude. \nBig D and the Kids Table played 200 shows a year around this time on average, in support of bands including The Mighty Mighty Bosstones, Dropkick Murphys, Rancid, and Alexisonfire, and have become regular performers on the Warped Tour. The band has also performed in the Summer of Ska Tour 2012 and the Ska Is Dead tour.\nIn the fall and winter of 2007 the band embarked on their first-ever large scale headlining tour, The Steady Riot Tour, named after the 2007 release.", "Q313482": "Stephen Richards Covey (October 24, 1932 \u2013 July 16, 2012) was an American educator, author, businessman, and keynote speaker. His most popular book is The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. His other books include First Things First, Principle-Centered Leadership, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Families, The 8th Habit, and The Leader In Me \u2014 How Schools and Parents Around the World Are Inspiring Greatness, One Child at a Time. In 1996, Time magazine named him one of the 25 most influential people. He was a professor at the Jon M. Huntsman School of Business at Utah State University at the time of his death.", "Q681465": "Johann Aegidius Bach (9 February 1645 \u2013 November 1716) was organist, violist, and municipal orchestra director of Erfurt, Germany. He was Johann Sebastian Bach's uncle, Johannes Bach's son, and the father of composer Johann Bernhard Bach. He was a viola player and performer in the Stadtmusikanten Kompagnie (municipal musicians band) in Erfurt. He was organist at the Kaufmannskirche and the Michaeliskirche; on 30 June 1682 he was named the director of the Ratsmusik (city council music).", "Q180252": "Lewis Niles Black (born August 30, 1948) is an American stand-up comedian, author, playwright, social critic and actor. His comedy routines often escalate into angry rants about history, politics, religion, or any other cultural trends. He hosted the Comedy Central series Lewis Black's Root of All Evil and makes regular appearances on The Daily Show delivering his \"Back in Black\" commentary segment, which he has been doing since The Daily Show was hosted by Craig Kilborn.When not on the road performing, Black resides in Manhattan, but also maintains a residence in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. He is also a spokesman for the Aruba Tourism Authority, appearing in television ads that first aired in late 2009 and 2010, as well as the voice of Anger in 2015's Pixar film, Inside Out. He was voted 51st of the 100 greatest stand-up comedians of all time by Comedy Central in 2004; he was voted 5th in Comedy Central's Stand Up Showdown in 2008 and 11th in 2010. Black has served as an \"ambassador for voting rights\" for the American Civil Liberties Union, since 2013.", "Q5391": "Rigord (Rigordus) (c. 1150 \u2013 c. 1209) was a French chronicler, was probably born near Alais in Languedoc, and became a physician.\nAfter becoming a monk he entered the monastery of Argenteuil, and then that of Saint-Denis, and described himself as \"regis Francorum chronographus\".\nRigord wrote the Gesta Philippi Augusti, dealing with the life of the French king, Philip Augustus, from his coronation in 1179 until 1206. The work, which is very valuable, was abridged and continued by William the Breton. The earlier part of the Gesta speaks of the king in very laudatory terms, but in the latter part it is much less flattering in its tone.\nThe Gesta is published in tome xvii of Dom Martin Bouquet's Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France (Paris, 1738\u20131876); and with introduction by HF Delaborde (Paris, 1882\u201385). A French translation of the Gesta is in tome xi of Guizot's Collection des m\u00e9moires relatifs \u00e0 l'histoire de France (Paris, 1825). Rigord also wrote a short chronicle of the kings of France.", "Q104152": "Karl Borrom\u00e4us Rottmanner (30 October 1783 \u2013 8 July 1824) was a German poet, philosopher, and politician. Born in Munich, he was the son of lawyer and agricultural reformer Simon Rottmanner (1740-1813) and his wife Maria Anna Barbara Paur (1746\u20131828). His cousin was German composer and organist Eduard Rottmanner. He studied law at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich where he earned a PhD. While a student there he belonged to a student patriotic movement led by Johann Nepomuk von Ringseis. After graduating, he became a member of the Landtag of Bavaria. He died in Ast.", "Q2918336": "John Hay \"Jock\" Whitney (August 17, 1904 \u2013 February 8, 1982) was U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, publisher of the New York Herald Tribune, and president of the Museum of Modern Art. He was a member of the Whitney family.", "Q60348": "Neill Smith Brown (April 18, 1810 \u2013 January 30, 1886) was an American politician and diplomat who served as Governor of Tennessee from 1847 to 1849, and as the United States Minister to Russia from 1850 to 1853. He also served several terms in the Tennessee House of Representatives, and was Speaker of the House for the 1855\u20131857 term. A lifelong Whig, Brown campaigned to keep Tennessee in the Union in the years leading up to the Civil War. However, once the war began, he sided with the Confederacy.", "Q216288": "Troyal Garth Brooks (born February 7, 1962) is an American singer and songwriter. His integration of rock and pop elements into the country genre has earned him popularity, particularly in the United States with success on the country single and album charts, multi-platinum recordings and record-breaking live performances, while also crossing over into the mainstream pop arena.As of 2020, according to the RIAA, Brooks is the best-selling solo albums artist in the United States with 156 million domestic units sold, ahead of Elvis Presley, and is second only to The Beatles in total album sales overall. He is also one of the world's best-selling artists of all time, having sold more than 170 million records.As of 2020, Brooks is now the only artist in music history to have released eight albums that achieved diamond status in the United States (surpassing the Beatles' former record of six); those albums are Garth Brooks (10\u00d7 platinum), No Fences (17\u00d7 platinum), Ropin' the Wind (14\u00d7 platinum), The Chase (10\u00d7 platinum), The Hits (10\u00d7 platinum), Sevens (10\u00d7 platinum), Double Live (21\u00d7 platinum), and The Ultimate Hits (10\u00d7 platinum). Since 1989, Brooks has released 22 records in all, which include: 12 studio albums, two live albums, three compilation albums, three Christmas albums and four box sets, along with 77 singles. He won several awards in his career, including two Grammy Awards, 17 American Music Awards (including \"Artist of the '90s\") and the RIAA Award for best-selling solo albums artist of the century in the U.S.\nTroubled by conflicts between career and family, Brooks retired from recording and performing from 2001 until 2005. During this time, he sold millions of albums through an exclusive distribution deal with Walmart and sporadically released new singles. In 2005, Brooks started a partial comeback, giving select performances and releasing two compilation albums.\nIn 2009, he began Garth at Wynn, a periodic weekend concert residency at Las Vegas' Encore Theatre from December 2009 to January 2014. Following the conclusion of the residency, Brooks announced his signing with Sony Music Nashville in July 2014. In September 2014, he began his comeback world tour, with wife and musician Trisha Yearwood, which culminated in 2017. This was followed by his Stadium Tour, which began in 2019. His most recent album, Gunslinger, was released in November 2016.\nBrooks was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame on October 21, 2012, having been inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame the year before. Brooks was also inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2016 with his studio musicians, The G-Men. On March 4, 2020, Brooks received the Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song. At age 58, he is the youngest recipient of the award.", "Q1328605": "King Records Co., Ltd. (\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e, Kingu Rek\u014ddo Kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese record company founded in January 1931 as a division of the Japanese publisher Kodansha. It initially began operating as an independent entity in the 1950s. It later became part of the Otowa Group. Today, King Records is one of Japan's largest record companies which is owned by a multinational entity. The headquarters are in Bunkyo, Tokyo.\n\n", "Q277662": "Rohini is an Indian actress, lyricist, screenwriter, voice actor and director. She has mainly acted in Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu films along with few Kannada films. Having started her acting career at five, she has about 130 south Indian films to her credit. She received National Award of Special mention and Andhra Pradesh State Award for Best Female Actor in 1996 for the film Stri.", "Q278551": "Alfred Bennett Spellman (born 1935) is an African-American poet, music critic, and arts administrator. Considered a part of the Black Arts movement, he first received attention for his book of poems entitled The Beautiful Days (1965). In 1966, he published a book on the then recent history of jazz entitled Four Lives in the Bebop Business (aka Black Music: Four Lives; Random House). From 1975 to 2005, he worked as an arts administrator for the National Endowment for the Arts. He has been instrumental in supporting jazz in the United States.", "Q152472": "\u00cdngrid Betancourt Pulecio (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8i\u014b\u0261\u027ei\u00f0 \u03b2eta\u014b\u02c8ku\u027e]; born 25 December 1961) is a Colombian-French politician, former senator and anti-corruption activist, especially opposing political corruption.\nBetancourt was kidnapped by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) on 23 February 2002 while campaigning for the Colombian presidency as a Green, and was rescued by Colombian security forces six and a half years later on 2 July 2008. The rescue operation, dubbed Operation Jaque, rescued Betancourt along with 14 other hostages (three United States citizens, and 11 Colombian policemen and soldiers). She had decided to campaign in the former \"zone of dissention\", after the military operation \"Tanatos\" was launched, and after the zone was declared free of guerrillas by the government. Her kidnapping received worldwide coverage, particularly in France, where she also held citizenship due to her prior marriage to a French diplomat.Betancourt has received multiple international awards, such as the L\u00e9gion d'honneur. In 2008, she received the Concord Prince of Asturias Award. After her release, she was portrayed by some of her fellow captives as \"controlling and manipulative\"; others described her as \"caring\" and \"courageous\". One of them (Luis Eladio Perez) claims Betancourt saved his life.", "Q3081530": "Francis Kurkdjian (born in Paris on May 14, 1969) is a French contemporary perfumer and businessman of Armenian descent. and winner of the Prix Fran\u00e7ois Coty in 2001 for his lifetime achievement. He was made famous at age 26 for designing the scent of Le Male for Jean Paul Gaultier, one of the world's best selling perfumes. This was followed by an additional forty creations for major perfume companies worldwide. Some of these creations include the Elie Saab Le Parfum (Elie Saab), My Burberry (Burberry), L'extase (Nina Ricci) and Narciso Rodriguez for her (Narciso Rodriguez). In 2009, he co-founded luxury fragrance house Maison Francis Kurkdjian with the Lebanese-French businessman and former Ernst & Young partner Marc Chaya, now a major global player in the luxury niche fragrance segment.", "Q57282": "Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma (Zulu: [ge\u026e\u02b1eji\u026ce\u02c8kisa \u02c8z\u02b1uma]; born 12 April 1942) is a South African politician who served as the fourth President of South Africa from the 2009 general election until his resignation on 14 February 2018. Zuma is also referred to by his initials JZ and his clan name Msholozi.Zuma served as Deputy President of South Africa from 1999 to 2005, but was dismissed by President Thabo Mbeki in 2005 after Zuma's financial adviser, Schabir Shaik, was convicted of soliciting a bribe for Zuma. Zuma was nonetheless elected President of the African National Congress (ANC) on 18 December 2007 after defeating Mbeki at the ANC conference in Polokwane. On 20 September 2008, Mbeki announced his resignation after being recalled by the ANC's National Executive Committee. The recall came after South African High Court Judge Christopher Nicholson ruled Mbeki had improperly interfered with the operations of the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA), including the prosecution of Jacob Zuma for corruption.\nZuma led the ANC to victory in the 2009 general election and was elected President of South Africa. He was re-elected as ANC leader at the ANC conference in Mangaung on 18 December 2012, defeating challenger Kgalema Motlanthe by a large majority, and remained president of South Africa after the 2014 general election, although his party suffered a decline in support, partly due to growing dissatisfaction with Zuma as president.\nZuma faced significant legal challenges before and during his presidency. He was charged with rape in 2005, but was acquitted. He has fought a long legal battle over allegations of racketeering and corruption, resulting from his financial advisor Schabir Shaik's conviction for corruption and fraud. On 6 April 2009, the NPA dropped the charges against Zuma, citing political interference, although the decision was successfully challenged by opposition parties, and as of February 2018 the charges were before the NPA for reconsideration. After extensive state-funded upgrades to his rural homestead at Nkandla, the Public Protector found that Zuma had benefited improperly from the expenditure, and the Constitutional Court unanimously held in 2016's Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly that Zuma had failed to uphold the country's constitution, resulting in calls for his resignation and a failed impeachment attempt in the National Assembly. Zuma's rule is estimated to have cost the South African economy R1 trillion (approximately US$83 billion). He has also been implicated in reports of state capture through his friendship with the influential Gupta family. He survived multiple motions of no confidence, both in parliament and within the ANC.\nOn 18 December 2017, Cyril Ramaphosa was elected to succeed Zuma as President of the ANC at the ANC Conference at Nasrec, Johannesburg. Subsequent months saw growing pressure on Zuma to resign as President of South Africa, culminating in the ANC \"recalling\" him as President of South Africa. Facing a motion of no confidence in parliament, Zuma announced his resignation on 14 February 2018, and was succeeded by Ramaphosa the next day.\n\n", "Q92860": "L Peter Deutsch (born Laurence Peter Deutsch on August 7, 1946, in Boston, Massachusetts) is the founder of Aladdin Enterprises and creator of Ghostscript, a free software PostScript and Portable Document Format interpreter.\nDeutsch's other work includes the Smalltalk implementation that inspired Java just-in-time compilation technology about 15 years later.\n\n", "Q104634": "Uljana Wolf is a German poet and translator (from English and Polish) known for exploring multilingualism in her work. She teaches German at New York University.", "Q455698": "Porter Johnston Goss (; born November 26, 1938) is an American politician and government official who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1989 until 2004, when he became the last Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) and the first Director of the Central Intelligence Agency following the passage of the 2004 Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act, which abolished the DCI position and replaced it with the Director of National Intelligence on April 21, 2005.\nGoss represented Florida's 14th congressional district from 1989 to 2004. His district, numbered as the 13th District from 1989 to 1993, included Fort Myers, Naples and part of Port Charlotte. He served as Chairman of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence from 1997 to 2004, was a co-sponsor of the USA PATRIOT Act and was a co-chair of the Joint 9/11 Intelligence Inquiry.\nGoss resigned as Director of the CIA on May 5, 2006, in a sit-down press conference with President George W. Bush from the Oval Office. On May 8, Bush nominated U.S. Air Force General Michael Hayden to be Goss's successor.", "Q268024": "Sir Patrick Alfred Caldwell-Moore (4 March 1923 \u2013 9 December 2012) was an English amateur astronomer who attained prominent status in that field as a writer, researcher, radio commentator and television presenter.Moore was President of the British Astronomical Association, co-founder and president of the Society for Popular Astronomy, author of over seventy books on astronomy, and presenter of the world's longest-running television series with the same original presenter, BBC's The Sky at Night. He became known as a specialist in Moon observation and for creating the Caldwell catalogue. Idiosyncrasies such as his rapid diction and monocle made him a popular and instantly recognisable figure on British television.\nMoore was also a self-taught xylophonist and pianist, as well as an accomplished composer. He was an amateur cricketer, golfer and chess player. In addition to many popular science books, he wrote numerous works of fiction. He was an opponent of fox hunting, an outspoken critic of the European Union and a supporter of the UK Independence Party, and he served as chairman of the short-lived anti-immigration United Country Party. He served in the Royal Air Force during World War II. Moore never married or had children; he did claim that he was once engaged, and his fianc\u00e9e was killed during the war.", "Q767692": "Ian Ronald Bell (born 11 April 1982) is an English cricketer who played international cricket in all formats for the England cricket team. He currently plays county cricket for Warwickshire County Cricket Club. He is a right-handed higher/middle order batsman, described in The Times as an \"exquisite rapier,\" who is a very good cover driver of the ball. He is an occasional right-arm medium pace bowler and a slip fielder. He is also noted for his sharp reflexes and often fields in close catching positions. He has scored twenty-two Test centuries and four One Day International (ODI) 100s. In 2015, he became the second player since Ian Botham to be involved in five Ashes series wins.\nIn the 2006 New Year Honours List, Bell was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire for his role in the successful Ashes campaign of 2005. In November 2006, he was awarded the Emerging Player of the Year award by the International Cricket Council. During 2008 and 2009, he was a more infrequent member of the England teams \u2013 however he reclaimed his Test place during the 2009 Ashes, which England won, and featured in several ODIs the following year. During 2010, he captained Warwickshire to victory in the CB40 final before scoring his first Ashes century the following winter as he helped England retain the Ashes down-under. Warwickshire County Cricket Club awarded Bell a benefit in 2011.\nIn July 2012, Bell signed a new three-year contract with Warwickshire extending his stay at the club at least till 2015. In November 2015, England selectors announced that Bell would be dropped from the English side ahead of the test series with South Africa. In August 2016, it was announced that Bell would be playing for the Perth Scorchers in the 2016\u201317 Big Bash League season. In August 2018, Bell scored his 20,000 run in first-class cricket.", "Q3658778": "Archibald Carlisle Kotchian (July 17, 1914 \u2013 December 14, 2008), known as Carl or A.C., was an American business executive who served as the president of Lockheed Corporation. His admission of paying millions of dollars in bribes to foreign government officials led to the jailing of Japan's prime minister and political upheaval in several countries in the 1970s.\nKotchian was born on July 17, 1914, in Kermit, Divide County, North Dakota, and grew up in Long Beach, California, attending Long Beach Junior College (now known as Long Beach City College). He later attended Stanford University, where he received an undergraduate degree and a Master of Business Administration.Kotchian, a Certified Public Accountant, worked for Price Waterhouse in Los Angeles. He was hired in 1941 by Vega Airplane Company, a subsidiary of Lockheed Aircraft. At Lockheed, he supervised the firm's surge in aircraft production during World War II. He established the firm's manufacturing site in Marietta, Georgia, which became the primary production location for the C-130 Hercules cargo plane and later for the F-22 Raptor fighter. He became president of Lockheed in 1967, a period in which the firm produced the C-5 Galaxy cargo plane and the SR-71 Blackbird spy plane for the U.S. military and the L-1011 TriStar jet for the commercial market.Development of the L-1011 began in the late 1960s, during Kotchian's presidency, and was started without any firm orders. In 1971, the United States government provided a $250 million loan to help bail the firm out of mounting development costs for military programs and for the L-1011. In testimony before the United States Senate in 1976, Kotchian described how he had met with government officials in Japan and made a payoff of 500 million yen, the equivalent of US$1.7 million, part of a total of US$12 million in payments to Japanese politicians and businessmen that led to the sale of 21 L-1011 aircraft by Lockheed, then worth US$430 million. Prime Minister of Japan Kakuei Tanaka was ultimately convicted of accepting a bribe, one of many notable Japanese politicians who were involved in the scandal.In his Senate testimony, Kotchian disclosed that Lockheed paid $1.1 million in the early 1960s to a Dutch official later identified as Prince Bernhard, husband of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands in his role as inspector general of the Military of the Netherlands. After the revelations, the prince stepped down from his military position.In a 1977 profile in The New York Times, Kotchian reflected his bitterness at the Lockheed directors who ousted him as chief operating officer and vice chairman in March 1976 based on his $38 million of what the board called \"questionable payments\". Kotchian described that he felt that\nLockheed has become the scapegoat for 300 companies that the S.E.C. said were doing the same thing, and Haughton and I are the scapegoats for the scapegoat.... Some call it gratuities. Some call them questionable payments. Some call it extortion. Some call it grease. Some call it bribery. I look at these payments as necessary to sell a product. I never felt I was doing anything wrong.\nA resident of Palo Alto, California, Kotchian died at age 94 on December 14, 2008. He had been married to the former Lucy Elizabeth Carr who had died in 2002.", "Q539024": "Vilho V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02cc\u028b\u00e6i\u032fs\u00e6l\u00e6 \u02c8\u028bilho\u031e], September 28, 1889 \u2013 August 12, 1969) was a Finnish meteorologist and physicist, and founder of Vaisala. \nAfter graduation in mathematics in 1912, V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 worked for the Finnish Meteorological Institute in aerological measurements, specializing in the research of the higher troposphere. At the time the measurements were conducted by attaching a thermograph to a kite.\nIn 1917 he published his dissertation in mathematics Ensimm\u00e4isen lajin elliptisen integralin k\u00e4\u00e4nteisfunktion yksik\u00e4sitteisyys (The single-valuedness of the inverse function of the elliptic integral of the first kind). His dissertation was the first and still is the only mathematical doctoral thesis written in the Finnish language.V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 participated in development of radiosonde, a device attached to a balloon and launched to measure air in the higher atmosphere. In 1936 he started his own company, manufacturing radiosondes and \u2014 later \u2014 other meteorological instruments. \nIn 1948 V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 was nominated a Professor of Meteorology in the University of Helsinki.\nVilho V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4's two brothers, Kalle V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 and Yrj\u00f6 V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4, also made successful careers in science.\nVilho V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 knew Esperanto, and played an active role in the Esperanto movement. During the World Congress of Esperanto of 1969, which was held in Helsinki shortly before his death, he served as the rector of the so-called Internacia Kongresa Universitato (\"International Congressual University\"), and coordinated the specialistic lectures in Esperanto given by various academicians to the congressists.", "Q1110450": "Al Donahue (June 12, 1904, Dorchester, Massachusetts - February 20, 1983, Fallbrook, California) was an American violinist and big band leader.\nDonahue got his start playing in Boston-area campus bands and led a band at Boston's Weber Duck Inn in 1925. The ensemble attracted enough notice to obtain engagements at Florida hotels; one of these, the Bermudiana, contracted with Donahue to set up bands to play at all its hotels, as well as onboard Eastern Steamship ocean liners. During the mid-1930s he substituted for Ray Noble as leader at the Rainbow Room of Rockefeller Center. Over time he moved from playing sweet pop music to swing music and toured nationally. He took an engagement at the Palladium in Hollywood immediately after Glenn Miller's departure. Paula Kelly, Dee Keating, Lynne Stevens, Phil Brito, and Snooky Lanson all served as vocalists in his ensemble at times.\nDonahue recorded copiously between 1935 and 1942, recording for Decca Records, Vocalion, and Okeh. His biggest hit was a rendition of \"Jeepers Creepers\", which went to #1 on the Billboard chart in 1938. He also later recorded for University Recording Company.\nAfter World War II he moved the ensemble again toward light music, playing throughout the West Coast and appearing in films such as Sweet Genevieve. Later, he would return to cruise ships once more, directing music for the Furness Bermuda Line; from 1950 to 1963 he played on the Queen of Bermuda and the Ocean Monarch. He opened a record store in Bermuda, but the government took the store over, forcing Donahue to abandon the business. Following this, he settled in Oceanside, California, where he ran a store called Ponzi's House of Music until his death.", "Q271575": "Pearl Fay White (March 4, 1889 \u2013 August 4, 1938) was an American stage and film actress. White began her career on the stage at the age of six, and later moved on to silent films appearing in a number of popular serials.\nDubbed the \"Queen of the Serials\", White was noted for doing the majority of her own stunts in several film serials, most notably in The Perils of Pauline. Often cast as a plucky onscreen heroine, White's roles directly contrasted those of the popularized archetypal ingenue.", "Q1194988": "The University of Paris VIII or University of Vincennes in Saint-Denis (French: Universit\u00e9 Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis or Universit\u00e9 de Vincennes \u00e0 Saint-Denis) is a public university in Paris. Once part of the federal University of Paris system, it is now an autonomous public institution and is part of the Universit\u00e9 Paris Lumi\u00e8res with Paris Nanterre University and Centre national de la recherche scientifique. Most undergraduate degrees (except modern languages) are taught in French.\nIt is one of the thirteen successors of the world's second oldest academic institution, the University of Paris, and was established shortly before the latter officially ceased to exist on 31 December 1970. It was founded as a direct response to events of May 1968. This response was twofold: it was sympathetic to students' demands for more freedom, but also represented the movement of students out of central Paris, especially the Latin Quarter, where the street fighting of 1968 had taken place.", "Q473139": "Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer (12 February 1865 \u2013 18 January 1940) was a Polish poet, novelist, playwright, journalist and writer. He was a member of the Young Poland movement.", "Q219805": "Zombie Holocaust (Italian: Zombi Holocaust) is a 1980 Italian horror film directed by Marino Girolami. The film is about a team of scientists who follow a trail of corpses to a pacific island where they meet a mad doctor (Donald O'Brien) who performs experiments on both the living and dead in his laboratory. The team begins to become victims of the doctor and his zombie horde while trying to escape from cannibals as well. The film was re-edited and released theatrically in the United States in 1982 as Doctor Butcher M.D.", "Q65556": "Hans Hermann Matth\u00f6fer (25 September 1925 \u2013 14 November 2009) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.\nBetween 1974 and 1978 Matth\u00f6fer served as secretary of research and technology. In 1978 he took over as secretary of finance and in 1982 he left that post and served briefly as secretary of telecommunication. After his party lost power in 1982 he gave up all positions in the German government.", "Q574124": "Anthony Wayne England (born May 15, 1942), better known as Tony England, is an American, former NASA astronaut. Selected in 1967, England was among a group of astronauts who served as backups during the Apollo and Skylab programs. Like most others in his class, he flew during the Space Shuttle program, serving as a mission specialist on STS-51F in 1985. He has logged more than 4,000 hours of flying time and 188 hours in space.\nEngland helped develop and use radars to probe the Moon on Apollo 17 and glaciers in Washington and Alaska. He participated in and led field parties during two seasons in Antarctica.\nEngland is currently dean of the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan's Dearborn campus.", "Q661591": "Clyde Kusatsu (born September 13, 1948) is an American actor and trade union leader of Japanese descent. Since 2013, he has served as the National Vice President of SAG-AFTRA Los Angeles Local.", "Q307391": "Massimiliano Antonio \"Max\" Cavalera (Portuguese pronunciation: [masimili\u02c8\u0250nu \u0250\u0303\u02c8tonju k\u0250v\u0250\u02c8le\u027e\u0250], born August 4, 1969) is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter who currently plays in heavy metal bands Soulfly, Cavalera Conspiracy, and Killer Be Killed. In 1984, he co-founded the acclaimed thrash metal band Sepultura with his brother Igor Cavalera and was the band's lead singer and rhythm guitarist until he left in 1996. Cavalera was also involved in a short-lived side project called Nailbomb.", "Q1282834": "Eddie Jackson (1926 \u2013 January 14, 2002) was an American country and rockabilly musician.\nJackson was born in Cookeville, Tennessee, and moved as a youngster with his family to Detroit, Michigan. He began playing country and Western swing in local bars as a teenager, and served in the Navy during World War II. He fronted a band called The Cowboy Swingsters, then simply The Swingsters for nearly 50 years, playing rhythm guitar and singing. Other musicians in his bands, such as Jimmy Franklin during the 1950s, sometimes sang.\nHe released two singles of interest to early rock & roll historians, 1956's, \"Rock and Roll baby\" b/w \"You Are the One\" (for Fortune Records) and 1957's \"Baby Doll\" b/w \"Please Don't Cry\" (for Shelby Records). A third record, \"Blues I Can't Hide\" b/w Bobby Sykes' \"I'm Learning\", appeared on Caravan Records in 1963, followed by three more country singles. Jackson's last single of the 1960s, \"You Put It There\" b/w \"Worldwide Distributor Of Loneliness,\" was cut in Nashville.\nIn the 1970s, Jackson began playing with guitarist Marv Weyer, and the pair continued to collaborate until Jackson died of respiratory failure in 2002 at age 75.", "Q109310": "Karl Brunner (Passau, 26 July 1900 \u2013 Munich, 7 December 1980) was a German lawyer, SS-Brigadef\u00fchrer and Generalmajor of the police and the SS and police leader in Salzburg and Bolzano. Brunner served as head of the Einsatzkommando 4/I during the invasion of Poland and the early stages of the German occupation in 1939, tasked with the killing of Polish civilians. During his time in Northern Italy he was also responsible for the arrest, and ultimately, the deportation of the Jews in his area of jurisdiction, as well as reprisals against Italian civilians.\nAfter the war Brunner was held at Island Farm Prisoner of War Camp. He later entered the Bavarian government service and died in 1980 without facing prosecution for his criminal conduct during the war.", "Q64890": "Zillis-Reischen is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q273362": "Gaby Deslys (born Marie-Elise-Gabrielle Caire, 4 November 1881 \u2013 11 February 1920) was a singer and actress during the early 20th century. She selected her name for her stage career. It is a contraction of Gabrielle of the Lillies. During the 1910s she was exceedingly popular worldwide, making $4,000 a week in the United States alone. She performed several times on Broadway, at the Winter Garden Theater, and performed in a show with a young Al Jolson. Her dancing was so popular that The Gaby Glide was named for her.Renowned for her beauty, she was courted by several wealthy gentlemen including King Manuel II of Portugal. She eventually made the leap to silent films, making her only U.S. film Her Triumph with Famous Players-Lasky in 1915. She would make a handful of films in France before her death. In 1919 she contracted Spanish influenza and underwent several operations trying to cure a throat infection caused by the disease. She died from complications of the infection in Paris in 1920, at the age of 38.", "Q101994": "Hans Wilhelm Kirchhof (1525?-1602?, sometimes known as Kirchhoff) was a German Landsknecht, baroque poet and translator. He left a rich and versatile collection of works. The Ausl\u00e4ufer collections contain sixteen works. The number of his printed and handwritten works are more than 60.", "Q86815": "Meister Rumelant or Rumslant (fl. c. 1273\u2014after 1286 or 1287) was a Middle High German lyric poet. His origin is uncertain, although in his poems he referred to himself as a \"Saxon\". His name (\"quit the land\") suggests the life of a touring minstrel.\nHe was the first to mention the 12 'tones' (standard melodies) of the Meistersinger.\nHis Daz Gedeones wollenvluis is a Minnelied on the subject of the mystic love (Minne) of God for the Virgin Mary.\nHe is also known to have composed songs about the death by murder of the king Erik V of Denmark, also called Glipping, and for praising the new king Eric VI of Denmark; another famous song is Got In Vier Elementen Sich Erscheynet. Very little is known about his life, he himself being mentioned in a few pages of the 14th century Codex Manesse (414r-415r, where he is indicated as Meister Rumslant) and of the Jenaer Liederbuch.", "Q245808": "Roman Fran\u00e7ois Coppola (born April 22, 1965) is a French-born American filmmaker, screenwriter, producer, and entrepreneur. With the 2012 film Moonrise Kingdom, he and co-writer Wes Anderson were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. His television series Mozart in the Jungle won the 2016 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series \u2013 Musical or Comedy. In 2019, Coppola was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.Coppola serves as president of the San Francisco-based film company American Zoetrope. He is also founder and owner of The Directors Bureau, a commercial and music video production company.", "Q232458": "Natalia Marisa Oreiro Iglesias (Spanish pronunciation: [na\u02c8talja o\u02c8\u027eej\u027eo]; born 19 May 1977) is a Uruguayan singer, actress, and fashion designer. Oreiro began her career in telenovelas. Since 2008 she has switched to work primarily in films. Oreiro has worked on social awareness shows and events for organizations like Greenpeace and UNICEF, the latter of which designated her as ambassador for Argentina and Uruguay in September 2011. She has been included in Esquire magazine's \"The Sexiest Woman Alive Atlas\" list.", "Q616719": "Lieutenant-General Sir Giffard Le Quesne Martel (10 October 1889 \u2013 3 September 1958) was a British Army officer who served in both the First and Second World Wars. Familiarly known as \"Q Martel\" or just \"Q\", he was a pioneering British military engineer and tank strategist.", "Q16590": "The Ortstock is a mountain in the Schwyzer Alps, located at an elevation of 2,717 m (8,914 ft) on the border between the cantons of Schwyz and Glarus. It overlooks Braunwald and Linthal on its east side, while the west side overlooks the high valley of Glattalp.There are no glaciers surrounding the Ortstock, although a few n\u00e9v\u00e9s can be found on its northern side. The north and south faces are very steep but experienced hikers can reach the summit via a trail on its less steep western flank.\nThe mountain lies in the municipalities of Muotathal, in the canton of Schwyz, and Glarus S\u00fcd, in the canton of Glarus.", "Q322111": "Philippe Pierlot (born 1958) is a Belgian viola da gamba player and a conductor in historically informed performance. He is also an academic teacher at the royal conservatories of The Hague and Brussels.", "Q17856": "Ballarat is a city located on the Yarrowee River in the Central Highlands of Victoria, Australia. The city has a population of 105,471.In terms of population Ballarat is the third largest inland city in Australia. \nJust months after Victoria was granted separation from the state of New South Wales, the Victorian gold rush transformed Ballarat from a small sheep station to a major settlement. Gold was discovered on 18 August 1851, and news quickly spread of rich alluvial fields where gold could easily be extracted. Unlike many other gold boom towns, the Ballarat fields experienced sustained high gold yields for many decades, which can be evidenced to this day in the city's rich architecture.\nThe city is famous for the 1854 tax-revolt known as the Eureka Rebellion. In response to this event the first male suffrage in Australia was instituted and as such Eureka is interpreted by some as the origin of democracy in Australia. The rebellion's symbol, the Eureka Flag, has become a national symbol and is held at the Museum of Australian Democracy at Eureka in Ballarat.\nProclaimed a city in 1871, its prosperity continued until late in the 19th century, after which its importance relative to both Melbourne and Geelong rapidly faded with the slowing of gold extraction. It has endured as a major regional centre hosting the rowing and kayaking events from the 1956 Summer Olympics. It is the commercial capital of the Central Highlands and its largest city, as well as a significant tourist destination. Ballarat is known for its history, culture and its well-preserved Victorian era heritage, with much of the city subject to heritage overlays. After a narrow popular vote the city merged with the town of Ballarat East in 1921, ending a long-standing rivalry.", "Q433535": "Ana Alicia Ortiz Torres (born December 12, 1956) is a Mexican-American former actress who performed in theatre and on television. She is known for playing scheming vineyard heiress Melissa Agretti on the long-running primetime soap opera Falcon Crest for seven seasons. She got her television start spending a year on the daytime soap-opera Ryan's Hope and also performed in few single episode guest-starring roles on various televisions shows or in television movies most years from the late-1970s to the mid-1990s.", "Q1682433": "The Van Eyck \u2013 Multiform Institute for Fine Art, Design, and Reflection (formerly known as \u201cJan van Eyck Academie\u201d) is a post-academic institute for research and production in the fields of fine art, design and art theory, based in Maastricht, Netherlands. The academy was established in 1948 and was named after the painter Jan van Eyck. In 2013, 39 researches from countries around the world were working and studying at the institutes premises in Jekerkwartier. In 2012, the Hubert van Eyck Academie / Caterina van Hemessen Academie was established as a \u2018teaching bridge,\u2019 linking the Jan van Eyck Academie / Margaret van Eyck Academie with Maastricht University and other Maastricht art schools.", "Q1734795": "Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University is one of the leading institutes in Central Asia. It is situated in the heart of Almaty City, Kazakhstan. In 2003 Abai University had a record enrollment of more than 23,000 students, mostly from Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries.", "Q92848": "Watts S. Humphrey (July 4, 1927 \u2013 October 28, 2010) was an American pioneer in software engineering, who was called the \"father of software quality.\"\n\n", "Q79157": "Rudolf Eitelberger, full name Rudolf Eitelberger von Edelberg (17 April 1817 in Olomouc, Moravia \u2013 18 April 1885 in Vienna) was an art historian and the first Ordinarius (full professor) for art history at the University of Vienna. He is considered as the founder of the Vienna School of Art History.", "Q6537297": "Lewisham () is an area of south east London, England, 5.9 miles (9.5 km) south of Charing Cross. It is the principal area of the London Borough of Lewisham, and is also within the historic county of Kent. It is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Lewisham had a population of 60,573 in 2011.", "Q187273": "Zeki R\u0131za Sporel (28 February 1898 \u2013 3 November 1969) was a Turkish football player. He plied his trade at the striker position for Fenerbah\u00e7e and the Turkey national football team. His career started in the Fenerbah\u00e7e youth teams until he was promoted to the senior team. Zeki spent his entire career with the club, setting numerous records. He was also a forerunner for Turkey, becoming the first player to score for the team. He is often cited as one of the best strikers in Turkish football history.He was also the younger brother of Hasan Kamil Sporel who both played for and served as president of Fenerbah\u00e7e S.K.", "Q92690": "Harald Ganzinger (31 October 1950, Werneck \u2013 3 June 2004, Saarbr\u00fccken) was a German computer scientist who together with Leo Bachmair developed the superposition calculus, which is (as of 2007) used in most of the state-of-the-art automated theorem provers for first-order logic.\nHe received his Ph.D. from the Technical University of Munich in 1978. Before 1991 he was a Professor of Computer Science at University of Dortmund. Then he joined the Max Planck Institute for Computer Science in Saarbr\u00fccken shortly after it was founded in 1991. Until 2004 he was the Director of the Programming Logics department of the Max Planck Institute for Computer Science and honorary professor at Saarland University. His research group created the SPASS automated theorem prover.\nHe received the Herbrand Award in 2004 (posthumous) for his important contributions to automated theorem proving.", "Q91399": "Ernst Glaeser (29 July 1902 \u2013 8 February 1963) was a German author, known for his best-selling pacifist novel Jahrgang 1902 (\"Born in 1902\"). He was associated with the political left, and went into exile in Switzerland at the start of the Nazi era after his books had been publicly burned. However, he returned to Germany in 1939, a decision that was attacked by other exiles.", "Q1373629": "Michael Rolfe Gira (; born February 19, 1954) is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, author and artist. He is the main force behind the New York City musical group Swans and fronted Angels of Light. He is also the founder of Young God Records.", "Q525425": "Rathenow (German: [\u02c8\u0281a\u02d0t\u0259no\u02d0] (listen)) is a town in the district of Havelland in Brandenburg, Germany, with a population of 26,433 (2007).", "Q97930": "Fritz Delius (28 September 1890 \u2013 20 September 1966) was a German film actor and theater artist. He played leading parts opposite Henny Porten and Fern Andra in several silent films. After the advent of talkies he shifted his focus to theater. When Adolf Hitler came to power and several restrictions began to be imposed on Jews, Delius emigrated to Switzerland where he continued his theater and film career.", "Q158611": "+44 (read as Plus Forty-four) was an American rock supergroup formed in Los Angeles, California in 2005. The group consisted of vocalist and bassist Mark Hoppus and drummer Travis Barker of Blink-182, lead guitarist Shane Gallagher of The Nervous Return, and rhythm guitarist Craig Fairbaugh of Mercy Killers. Hoppus and Barker created +44 shortly after the initial 2005 breakup of Blink-182 and before it was later reformed. The band's name refers to the international dialing code of the United Kingdom, the country where the duo first discussed the project. Early recordings were largely electronic in nature, and featured vocals by Carol Heller, formerly of the all-girl punk quartet Get the Girl.\nThe band's sound gradually took on a heavier tone as Hoppus and Barker purchased a studio in which to record. Although anticipated by the music press, the band's debut\u2014the album When Your Heart Stops Beating (2006)\u2014didn't match commercial expectations and received mixed reviews from the critics. The group toured worldwide throughout 2006 and 2007, including a summer slot on the Honda Civic Tour alongside Fall Out Boy. Hoppus later began preparing material for a solo album, put plans for a second +44 album on hold in 2008, and the group entered an extended hiatus with the reunion of Blink-182 in 2009.", "Q523054": "Andr\u00e9 Thevet (; French: [t\u0259v\u025b]; 1516 \u2013 23 November 1590) was a French Franciscan priest, explorer, cosmographer and writer who travelled to the near East and to south America in the 16th century. His most significant book was The New Found World, or Antarctike which compiled a number of different sources and his own experience into what purported to be a first hand account of his experiences in France Antarctique, a French settlement near modern Rio de Janeiro.", "Q946523": "KonLive Distribution (or simply KonLive) is a record label founded by R&B singer Akon. The label served as a joint-venture deal between Jimmy Iovine and Interscope Records. Notable artists briefly signed to the label include Lady Gaga,\nColby O'Donis, Brick & Lace, Mali Music, Natalia Kills, Jeffree Star and R. City.", "Q1861": "Bangkok is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon or simply Krung Thep. The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres (605.7 sq mi) in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has a population of over eight million, 12.6 percent of the country's population. Over fourteen million people (22.2 percent) lived within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region at the 2010 census, making Bangkok the nation's primate city, dwarfing Thailand's other urban centres in both size and importance to the national economy.\nBangkok traces its roots to a small trading post during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century, which eventually grew and became the site of two capital cities: Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782. Bangkok was at the heart of the modernization of Siam, later renamed Thailand, during the late-19th century, as the country faced pressures from the West. The city was at the centre of Thailand's political struggles throughout the 20th century, as the country abolished absolute monarchy, adopted constitutional rule, and underwent numerous coups and several uprisings. The city grew rapidly during the 1960s through the 1980s and now exerts a significant impact on Thailand's politics, economy, education, media and modern society.The Asian investment boom in the 1980s and 1990s led many multinational corporations to locate their regional headquarters in Bangkok. The city is now a regional force in finance and business. It is an international hub for transport and health care, and has emerged as a centre for the arts, fashion, and entertainment. The city is known for its street life and cultural landmarks, as well as its red-light districts. The Grand Palace and Buddhist temples including Wat Arun and Wat Pho stand in contrast with other tourist attractions such as the nightlife scenes of Khaosan Road and Patpong. Bangkok is among the world's top tourist destinations, and has been named the world's most visited city consistently in several international rankings.\nBangkok's rapid growth coupled with little urban planning has resulted in a haphazard cityscape and inadequate infrastructure. An inadequate road network, despite an extensive expressway network, together with substantial private car usage, have led to chronic and crippling traffic congestion, which caused severe air pollution in the 1990s. The city has since turned to public transport in an attempt to solve the problem. Five rapid transit lines are now in operation, with more systems under construction or planned by the national government and the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration.", "Q264636": "Craig Whittaker (born 30 August 1962) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was first elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Calder Valley in 2010. Whittaker retained the seat in the 2015, 2017, and 2019 United Kingdom general elections.Whittaker has served as the Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to Karen Bradley, the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. Whittaker currently serves as HM Lord Commissioner to The Treasury in the Government Whips Office and was appointed in the re-shuffle of January 2018. Prior to this role, he served as an Assistant Whip. He was appointed to that role in June 2017 after the General Election.\n\n", "Q110669": "Jim Boeven (born November 11, 1967) is a German born movie, TV and voiceover actor. After establishing himself as a star in his native Germany, he moved to Los Angeles, CA in 2007.", "Q232470": "Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, also spelled Bruni-Tedeschi (Italian pronunciation: [va\u02c8l\u025b\u02d0rja \u02c8bru\u02d0ni te\u02c8deski]; born 16 November 1964), is an Italian-French actress, screenwriter and film director. Her 2013 film, A Castle in Italy, was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q118235": "Christian Baretti (born 2 July 1973 in Munich) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.", "Q956056": "Transylvania University, colloquially known as \"Transy\", is a private university in Lexington, Kentucky. It was founded in 1780 and was the first university in Kentucky. It offers 36 major programs, as well as dual-degree engineering programs, and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Its medical program graduated 8,000 physicians by 1859.Transylvania's name, meaning \"across the woods\" in Latin, stems from the university's founding in the heavily forested region of western Virginia known as the Transylvania Colony, which became most of Kentucky in 1792.Transylvania is the alma mater of two U.S. vice presidents, two U.S. Supreme Court justices, 50 U.S. senators, 101 U.S. representatives, 36 U.S. governors, 34 U.S. ambassadors, and the one Confederate President, making it a large producer of U.S. statesmen. Its enduring footprint, both in national and Southern academia, makes it a significant institution in the American South.Transylvania University is affiliated with the Disciples of Christ.", "Q118553": "Ludwig Johannes Herbert Martin M\u00fcnchmeyer (June 2, 1885, Hoel, Province of Hanover \u2013 July 24, 1947) was an Evangelical German pastor known for antisemitism. He led an \"antisemitic spa\" on the island of Borkum. He won a libel suit against Bruno Weil, but enough of the allegations of loose morals and scandalous misconduct against him were confirmed that he was defrocked. He later acted as a prominent Nazi speaker after leaving the German National People's Party. He also propagandized for the Nazi Party in Weser-Ems.", "Q12090": "Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. Diarrhea can be so severe that it leads within hours to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. This may result in sunken eyes, cold skin, decreased skin elasticity, and wrinkling of the hands and feet. Dehydration can cause the skin to turn bluish. Symptoms start two hours to five days after exposure.Cholera is caused by a number of types of Vibrio cholerae, with some types producing more severe disease than others. It is spread mostly by unsafe water and unsafe food that has been contaminated with human feces containing the bacteria. Undercooked seafood is a common source. Humans are the only animal affected. Risk factors for the disease include poor sanitation, not enough clean drinking water, and poverty. There are concerns that rising sea levels will increase rates of disease. Cholera can be diagnosed by a stool test. A rapid dipstick test is available but is not as accurate.Prevention methods against cholera include improved sanitation and access to clean water. Cholera vaccines that are given by mouth provide reasonable protection for about six months. They have the added benefit of protecting against another type of diarrhea caused by E. coli. The primary treatment is oral rehydration therapy\u2014the replacement of fluids with slightly sweet and salty solutions. Rice-based solutions are preferred. Zinc supplementation is useful in children. In severe cases, intravenous fluids, such as Ringer's lactate, may be required, and antibiotics may be beneficial. Testing to see which antibiotic the cholera is susceptible to can help guide the choice.Cholera affects an estimated 3\u20135 million people worldwide and causes 28,800\u2013130,000 deaths a year. Although it is classified as a pandemic as of 2010, it is rare in the developed world. Children are mostly affected. Cholera occurs as both outbreaks and chronically in certain areas. Areas with an ongoing risk of disease include Africa and Southeast Asia. The risk of death among those affected is usually less than 5% but may be as high as 50%. No access to treatment results in a higher death rate. Descriptions of cholera are found as early as the 5th century BC in Sanskrit. The study of cholera in England by John Snow between 1849 and 1854 led to significant advances in the field of epidemiology. Seven large outbreaks have occurred over the last 200 years with millions of deaths.", "Q317814": "Tsui Hark (Chinese: \u5f90\u514b, Vietnamese: T\u1eeb Kh\u1eafc, born 15 February 1950), born Tsui Man-kong, is a Hong Kong film director, producer and screenwriter. Tsui has directed several influential Hong Kong films such as Zu Warriors from the Magic Mountain (1983), the Once Upon a Time in China film series (1991\u20131997) and The Blade (1995). Tsui also has been a prolific writer and (a very hands-on) producer; his productions include A Better Tomorrow (1986), A Chinese Ghost Story (1987), The Killer (1989), The Legend of the Swordsman (1992), The Wicked City (1992), Iron Monkey (1993) and Black Mask (1996). He is viewed as a major figure in the Golden Age of Hong Kong cinema and is regarded by critics as \"one of the masters of Asian cinematography\".In the late 1990s, Tsui had a short-lived career in the United States, directing the Jean-Claude Van Damme\u2013led films Double Team (1997) and Knock Off (1998). Both films were commercially unsuccessful and critically panned; Tsui himself was unsatisfied with his lack of creative control and returned to Hong Kong to continue his career. He has since found new commercial and critical success with blockbusters such as the Detective Dee film series (2010\u2013present), Flying Swords of Dragon Gate (2011), and The Taking of Tiger Mountain (2014).", "Q74315": "The Maltese Falcon is a 1931 American pre-Code crime film, based on the 1930 novel of the same name by Dashiell Hammett and directed by Roy Del Ruth. The film stars Ricardo Cortez as private detective Sam Spade and Bebe Daniels as Ruth Wonderly. Maude Fulton, Brown Holmes, and Lucien Hubbard (who went uncredited) wrote the screenplay. The supporting cast features Dudley Digges, Thelma Todd, Walter Long, Una Merkel, and Dwight Frye.A print has been held by the Library of Congress since the 1970s.", "Q621823": "Jan Erik Vold (born 18 October 1939) is a Norwegian lyric poet, jazz vocal reciter, translator and author. He was a core member of the so-called \"Profil generation\", the circle attached to the literary magazine Profil. Throughout his career as an artist, he has had the ability to reach the public, both with his poetry and his political views. He has contributed greatly to the renewal of Norwegian poetry, and created interest in lyrical poetry. Jan Erik Vold is currently living in Stockholm.\nHe was born in Oslo, the son of journalist Ragnar Vold.", "Q140738": "Ivan Ivanovich Okhlobystin (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041e\u0445\u043b\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d; born \u200922 July 1966) is a Russian Orthodox priest, actor, director and screenwriter. By his own choice, he is temporarily suspended as priest from the ministry of the Russian Orthodox Church. He is the creative director of the company Baon.\n\n", "Q90939": "Karsten Dietrich Voigt (born 11 April 1941 in Elmshorn, Germany) is a German politician (SPD).", "Q272732": "\u00c7a\u011fla Kubat (Turkish pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0283a\u02d0\u026ba ku\u02c8bat]; born 16 November 1978) is a Turkish model, actress and windsurfer who is member of Fenerbah\u00e7e sailing & windsurfing team. She is 5 feet 10\u00be (1.80m) tall.\nShe was born in \u0130zmir. She graduated from Italian High School of Istanbul and Istanbul Technical University with a bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering. She was the first runner-up for the Miss Turkey 2002 beauty pageant and represented Turkey at Miss Universe 2002.\nShe speaks English and Italian fluently.", "Q1507495": "George Hege Hamilton IV (July 19, 1937 \u2013 September 17, 2014) was an American country musician. He began performing in the late 1950s as a teen idol, switching to country music in the early 1960s.", "Q72764": "Herman Reinecke (14 February 1888 \u2013 10 October 1973) was a German general and war criminal during the Nazi era. As head of the General Office of the Armed Forces in the OKW (Supreme Command of the Wehrmacht) during World War II, he was responsible for the creation and implementation of the POW policy that resulted in the deaths of approx. 3.3 million Soviet prisoners of war. Reinecke was tried, convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment at the High Command Trial.", "Q78932599": "Grizzly Tales for Gruesome Kids is the debut book by British author Jamie Rix and was the first book in the children's cautionary horror book series Grizzly Tales for Gruesome Kids. It was published on 17 May 1990 by Andr\u00e9 Deutsch Limited and contains 15 short cautionary tales. These stories featured a monster maths teacher, animal nannies, a barber that specialised in making rude children behave themselves, a giant that cannot stop growing, a magical hat, a magic book, magic scissors, and a sweet shop full of mannequins. \nIt won the 1990 Nestle Smarties Book Prize for Fiction, Age 9\u201311.", "Q600635": "Johnny Tillotson (born April 20, 1938 in Jacksonville, Florida, United States) is an American singer-songwriter. He enjoyed his greatest success in the early 1960s, when he scored nine top-ten hits on the pop, country, and adult contemporary Billboard charts, including \"Poetry in Motion\" and the self-penned \"It Keeps Right On a-Hurtin'\". He also sang \"Yellow Bird\", an adaptation of the Haitian song.", "Q147057": "Dragan \u0110okanovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d \u0402\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; born 20 April 1958) is a Bosnian Serb politician (Democratic Party of Federalists), physician, sportsman and one of the most popular men in history of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the research of The Massachusetts Institute of Technology.", "Q188626": "Sonic Youth was an American rock band based in New York City, formed in 1981. Founding members Thurston Moore (guitar, vocals), Kim Gordon (bass, vocals, guitar) and Lee Ranaldo (guitar, vocals) remained together for the entire history of the band, while Steve Shelley (drums) followed a series of short-term drummers in 1985, rounding out the core line-up. Jim O'Rourke (guitar) was a member of the band from 1999 to 2005.\nSonic Youth emerged from the experimental no wave art and music scene in New York before evolving into a more conventional rock band and becoming a prominent member of the American noise rock scene. Sonic Youth have been praised for having \"redefined what rock guitar could do\" using a wide variety of unorthodox guitar tunings and preparing guitars with objects like drum sticks and screwdrivers to alter the instruments' timbre. The band is considered to be a pivotal influence on the alternative and indie rock movements.\nAfter gaining a large underground following and critical praise through releases with SST Records in the late 1980s, the band experienced mainstream success throughout the 1990s and 2000s after signing to major label DGC in 1990 and headlining the 1995 Lollapalooza festival. In 2011, Ranaldo announced that the band was \"ending for a while\" following the separation of married couple Gordon and Moore. Thurston Moore updated and clarified the position in May 2014: \"Sonic Youth is on hiatus. The band is a democracy of sorts, and as long as Kim and I are working out our situation, the band can't really function reasonably.\" Gordon refers several times in her 2015 autobiography Girl in a Band to the band having \"split up\".", "Q256684": "The German Bishops' Conference (German: Deutsche Bischofskonferenz) is the episcopal conference of the bishops of the Roman Catholic dioceses in Germany. Members include diocesan bishops, coadjutors, auxiliary bishops, and diocesan administrators.", "Q1754707": "The Liberal Unionist Party was a British political party that was formed in 1886 by a faction that broke away from the Liberal Party. Led by Lord Hartington (later the Duke of Devonshire) and Joseph Chamberlain, the party formed a political alliance with the Conservative Party in opposition to Irish Home Rule. The two parties formed the ten-year-long coalition Unionist Government 1895\u20131905 but kept separate political funds and their own party organisations until a complete merger between the Liberal Unionist and the Conservative parties was agreed to in May 1912.", "Q230501": "Christine Flores (born September 26, 1981), better known as Christina Milian (), is an American actress, singer and songwriter of Cuban origin. Born in Jersey City, New Jersey, and raised in Maryland, Milian signed a contract with Def Jam at the age of 19. In 2001, Milian released her self-titled debut album, which featured the singles \"AM to PM\" and \"When You Look at Me\"; \"AM to PM\" charted within the Top 40 of the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and both peaked in the top three on the UK Singles Chart. In 2004, Milian released her second studio album It's About Time, which provided her first major U.S. hit, \"Dip It Low\", which reached number five on the U.S. Billboard chart. \"Whatever U Want\" was released as the album's second single. Both singles charted within the Top 10 of the UK chart.\nIn 2006, Milian released her third studio album So Amazin'. The album produced one single, \"Say I\", which peaked in the Top 30 of the US Billboard chart. A month after the release of So Amazin', Milian's representative confirmed that she had left Island Records due to creative differences. Milian signed with Interscope Records in 2009. A single, ballad \"Us Against the World\", was released in October 2008. In 2012, Milian signed to Young Money Entertainment, which will release her fourth studio album.\nMilian originally wanted to be an actress. Her first lead role was in the 2003 film Love Don't Cost a Thing, and she subsequently had lead roles in Be Cool and the 2006 horror film Pulse. Milian had a minor role in Ghosts of Girlfriends Past, and starred as the lead role in the straight-to-DVD film Bring It On: Fight to the Finish. Milian has also starred in the 2010 ABC Family Original Movie Christmas Cupid, alongside Ashley Benson and Chad Michael Murray.\nFrom 2015 to 2016, she starred in the sitcom Grandfathered. In 2018 she was cast in The Oath as Christine Parks.", "Q372040": "The Gnessin State Musical College (Russian: \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0436 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0413\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0445) and Gnesins Russian Academy of Music (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0413\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0445) is a prominent music school in Moscow, Russia.", "Q95699": "Ernst Stahl-Nachbaur (6 March 1886 \u2013 13 May 1960) was a German film actor.", "Q246497": "Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh (Russian: \u041c\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0448; 10 February [O.S. 28 January] 1911 \u2013 24 June 1978) was a Soviet scientist in the field of mathematics and mechanics, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1946), President of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1961\u20131975), three times Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1961, 1971), fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1968). He was one of the key figures behind Soviet space program. Among scientific circles of USSR Keldysh was known with epithet \"the Chief Theoretician\" in analogy with epithet \"the Chief Designer\" used for Sergey Korolyov.", "Q3109036": "Ole Herman Johannes Krag (7 April 1837 \u2013 9 December 1916) was a Norwegian officer and firearms designer.", "Q3910": "Albert II (Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre Grimaldi; born 14 March 1958) is the reigning Prince of Monaco and head of the princely house of Grimaldi. He is the son of Prince Rainier III and Grace, Princess of Monaco, formerly Grace Kelly, the American actress. Prince Albert's sisters are Caroline, Princess of Hanover, and Princess St\u00e9phanie. In July 2011, Prince Albert married Charlene Wittstock.Prince Albert II is one of the wealthiest royals in the world, with assets valued at more than $1 billion, which include land in Monaco and France. Although Prince Albert does not own the Prince's Palace of Monaco, he does own shares in the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des bains de mer de Monaco, which operates Monaco's casino and other entertainment properties in the principality.", "Q810771": "Bates College is a private liberal arts college in Lewiston, Maine. Anchored by the Historic Quad, the campus of Bates totals 813 acres (329 ha) with a small urban campus which includes 33 Victorian Houses as some of the dormitories. It maintains 600 acres (240 ha) of nature preserve known as the \"Bates-Morse Mountain\" near Campbell Island and a coastal center on Atkins Bay. With an annual enrollment of approximately 1,800 students, it is the smallest college in its athletic conference. As a result of its small student body, Bates retains selective admission rates and little to no transfer percentages. The nominal cost of attendance is considered very high with tuition frequently among the most expensive in the United States.\n\nThe college was founded on March 16, 1855, by abolitionist statesman Oren Burbank Cheney and textile tycoon Benjamin Bates. Established as the Maine State Seminary, the college became the first coeducational college in New England and went on to confer the first female undergraduate degree in the area. Bates is the third-oldest college in Maine, succeeding Bowdoin and Colby College. It became a vanguard in admitting minority students before the passage of the Emancipation Proclamation. During early 1900s the college began to aggressively expand and by the mid-1940s, amassed large amounts of property, becoming a major economic power in Lewiston. Since the 1950s, the college has acquired and attempted to remedy a reputation for educating the affluent of New England. Improvements to its reputation were diminished after large losses during the 2008 financial crisis increased its tuition costs. The late 2010s saw a redoubled push for socioeconomic, racial, and cultural diversity as well as a major expansion of student financial aid.\nBates provides undergraduate instruction in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering and offers joint undergraduate programs with Columbia University, Dartmouth College, and Washington University in St. Louis. A baccalaureate college, the undergraduate program requires all students to complete a thesis before graduation, and has a privately funded research enterprise.\n\nThe students and alumni of Bates are well known for preserving a variety of strong campus traditions. Bates alumni and affiliates include 86 Fulbright Scholars; 22 Watson Fellows; 5 Rhodes Scholars; as well as 12 members of the U.S. Congress; 10 State Supreme Court Chief and Associate Justices; 7 Emmy Award winners; 5 Pulitzer Prize winners; 2 U.S. Cabinet-ranked officials; and numerous CEOs of Fortune 500 companies. The Bates athletic program has graduated 12 Olympians and 209 All-Americans and maintains 32 varsity sports, some of which compete in Division I of the NCAA. The college is home to the Bates Dance Festival, the Mount David Summit, the Stephens Observatory, and the Bates College Museum of Art.", "Q122803": "Erzurum is a city in eastern Anatolia (Asian Turkey). It is the largest city in and eponymous capital of Erzurum Province. It is situated 1757 meters (5766 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 361,235 in the 2000 census, increasing to 367,250 by 2010.\nThe city uses the double-headed Anatolian Seljuk Eagle as its coat-of-arms, a motif that was a common symbol throughout Anatolia and the Balkans in the medieval period.\nErzurum has some diverse winter sports facilities in Turkey and hosted the 2011 Winter Universiade.\n\n", "Q295817": "Nathan Jonas \"Joey\" Jordison (born April 26, 1975), is an American musician, songwriter, record producer and multi-instrumentalist, best known for his work as the former drummer and co-songwriter for the American heavy metal band Slipknot as well as guitarist in the American horror punk band Murderdolls. Jordison played in Slipknot since their formation in 1995 until his departure from the band in December 2013. He was the drummer and founder of the American heavy metal band Scar the Martyr, which formed in 2013 and disbanded in 2016. He grew up in Waukee, Iowa with his parents and two sisters, and was given his first drum kit at the age of 8. He performed in several bands until joining in the summer of 1995 with the group The Pale Ones, which would later change their name to Slipknot. Of Slipknot's nine-member lineup, which lasted from 1999\u20132010, Joey was the third to join the band.\nWith Slipknot, Jordison performed on four studio albums, and produced the live album 9.0: Live. Outside his major projects, Jordison has performed with other heavy metal groups such as Rob Zombie, Metallica, Korn, Ministry, Otep and Satyricon. Jordison is also known for his session work, which includes performances on many albums for many different artists. Jordison uses several drum brands including Pearl and ddrum.\nHe currently plays with the band Sinsaenum.", "Q164856": "The Price of Death (Italian: Il venditore di morte) is a 1971 Italian Western film directed by Lorenzo Gicca Palli and starring Klaus Kinski and Gianni Garko. Some DVD releases feature the title Der Galgen Wartecht Schon, Amigo!.", "Q95841": "Ralf Brauksiepe (born 14 March 1967) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Between 1998 and 2018, he served as a member of the Bundestag.", "Q472569": "Christopher Caldwell (born 1962) is an American journalist and a former senior editor at The Weekly Standard, as well as a regular contributor to the Financial Times and Slate. He is a senior fellow at the Claremont Institute and contributing editor to The Claremont Review of Books. His writing also frequently appears in The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, where he is a contributing editor to the paper's magazine, and The Washington Post. He was also a regular contributor to The Atlantic Monthly and The New York Press and the assistant managing editor of The American Spectator.", "Q70173": "Astano is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q229050": "Victoria Davey Spelling (born May 16, 1973) is an American actress, television personality, socialite and author. She is widely known for her first major role, Donna Martin, on Beverly Hills, 90210 beginning in 1990, produced by her father, Aaron. She has appeared in made-for-television films, including A Friend to Die For (1994), A Carol Christmas (2003), The Mistle-Tones (2012), both versions of Mother, May I Sleep with Danger? (1996, 2016), and The Last Sharknado: It's About Time (2018). She has also starred in several independent films including The House of Yes (1997), Trick (1999), Scary Movie 2 (2001), Cthulhu (2007), Kiss the Bride (2007) and Izzie's Way Home (2016). She reprised her role of Donna Martin in Beverly Hills, 90210's spin-off, 90210, in 2009.\nSpelling's autobiography, Stori Telling, debuted on top of the New York Times Best Seller list and was named the best celebrity autobiography of 2009.", "Q1185107": "Avram A. \"Avie\" Glazer (born October 19, 1960) is an American businessman, a member of the Glazer family, who owns the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League and hold a majority ownership stake in English football club Manchester United F.C. He is the son of Malcolm Glazer.", "Q69436": "Leukerbad (French: Lo\u00e8che-les-Bains, Walliser German: Leiggerbad, although locally known as Baadu) is a municipality in the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.", "Q76516": "Richard Ludwig Heinrich Avenarius (19 November 1843 \u2013 18 August 1896) was a German-Swiss philosopher. He formulated the radical positivist doctrine of \"empirical criticism\" or empirio-criticism.", "Q154759": "Sven Anders Hedin, KNO1kl RVO, (19 February 1865 \u2013 26 November 1952) was a Swedish geographer, topographer, explorer, photographer, travel writer and illustrator of his own works. During four expeditions to Central Asia, he made the Transhimalaya known in the West and located sources of the Brahmaputra, Indus and Sutlej Rivers. He also mapped lake Lop Nur, and the remains of cities, grave sites and the Great Wall of China in the deserts of the Tarim Basin. In his book Fr\u00e5n pol till pol (From Pole to Pole), Hedin describes a journey through Asia and Europe between the late 1880s and the early 1900s. While traveling, Hedin visited Turkey, the Caucasus, Tehran, Iraq, lands of the Kyrgyz people and the Russian Far East, India, China and Japan. The posthumous publication of his Central Asia Atlas marked the conclusion of his life's work.", "Q269460": "William Robert \"Rob\" Pinkston IV (born January 30, 1988) is an American actor who appeared during the fourth season of MTV's hidden camera practical joke television series, Punk'd. He also played \"Coconut Head\" on Nickelodeon's Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide. He attended William S. Hart High School, in Santa Clarita, California, a city located north of Los Angeles. He was in Extreme Movie with Ryan Pinkston (no relation) and Frankie Muniz.\nRob currently serves as a StarPower Ambassador for the Starlight Children's Foundation, encouraging other young people to commit their time, energy and resources to help other kids and working with Starlight to brighten the lives of seriously ill children.", "Q6491450": "An intendant (French: intendant [\u025b\u0303.t\u0251\u0303.d\u0251\u0303], Portuguese and Spanish: intendente) was and sometimes still is a usually public official, especially in France, Spain, Portugal, and Latin America. The intendancy system was a centralizing administrative system developed in France. When France won the War of the Spanish Succession and the House of Bourbon was established on the throne of Spain, the intendancy system was extended to Spain and Portugal and the Spanish Empire and Portuguese Empire. Regions were divided into districts administered by the intendant. The title continues to be used in Spain and parts of Spanish America for particular government officials.", "Q521131": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel (born 28 October 1967) is a French writer, researcher and journalist. His most famous pieces of work are The Pink and the Black, Homosexuals in France since 1968 (1996 - trans. into English at Stanford University Press), Mainstream (on global culture - 2010), \"Smart\" (on the \"internets\" - 2014) and De la culture en Am\u00e9rique, a book about cultural policies and industries in the United States, which was featured on the cover of the New York Times art section in 2006. NYT's journalist Alan Riding wrote : \"In Culture in America, a 622-page tome weighty with information, Martel challenges the conventional view in France that (French) culture financed and organized by the government is entirely good and that (American) culture shaped by market forces is necessarily bad\".", "Q388846": "Face to Face (Swedish: Ansikte mot ansikte) is a 1976 Swedish psychological drama film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman. It tells the story of a psychiatrist who is suffering from a mental illness. It stars Liv Ullmann and Erland Josephson.\nIt is also the film debut of Lena Olin.", "Q236164": "Linda Christian (November 13, 1923 \u2013 July 22, 2011) was a Mexican film actress, who appeared in Mexican and Hollywood films. Her career reached its peak in the 1940s and 1950s. She played Mara in the last Johnny Weissmuller Tarzan film, Tarzan and the Mermaids (1948). She is also noted for being the first Bond girl, appearing in a 1954 television adaptation of the James Bond novel Casino Royale. In 1963 she starred in an episode of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, \"An Out for Oscar\".", "Q433247": "Evonne Hsu, also known as Hsu Hui-hsin (Chinese: \u8a31\u6167\u6b23) (born December 5, 1976 in Longview, Texas, United States), is a Taiwanese American Mandopop singer. Hsu is managed by Music Nation Wingman Limited and signed by Universal Music Taiwan since her debut in 2002.", "Q77608": "Edith Hamilton (August 12, 1867 \u2013 May 31, 1963) was an American educator and internationally known author who was one of the most renowned classicists of her era in the United States. A graduate of Bryn Mawr College, she also studied in Germany at the University of Leipzig and the University of Munich. Hamilton began her career as an educator and head of the Bryn Mawr School, a private college preparatory school for girls in Baltimore, Maryland; however, Hamilton is best known for her essays and best-selling books on ancient Greek and Roman civilizations.\nHamilton's second career as an author began after her retirement from Bryn Mawr School in 1922. She was sixty-two years old when her first book, The Greek Way, was published in 1930. It was an immediate success and a featured selection by the Book-of-the-Month Club in 1957. Hamilton's other notable works include The Roman Way (1932), The Prophets of Israel (1936), Mythology (1942), and The Echo of Greece (1957).\nCritics have acclaimed Hamilton's books for their lively interpretations of ancient cultures, and she is described as the classical scholar who \"brought into clear and brilliant focus the Golden Age of Greek life and thought ... with Homeric power and simplicity in her style of writing\". Her works are said to influence modern lives through a \"realization of the refuge and strength in the past\" to those \"in the troubled present.\" Hamilton's younger sister was Alice Hamilton, an expert in industrial toxicology and the first woman appointed to the faculty of Harvard University.", "Q295803": "Thomas William Hiddleston (born 9 February 1981) is an English actor. He is the recipient of several accolades, including a Golden Globe Award and a Laurence Olivier Award, and has been nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards.\nHiddleston earned a double first in Classics at the University of Cambridge and later proceeded to study acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. At the beginning of his career, he appeared in West End productions of Cymbeline (2007) and Ivanov (2008). He won the Olivier Award for Best Newcomer in a Play for his role in Cymbeline and was also nominated for the same award for his role as Cassio in Othello (2008). Hiddleston starred as the title character in a production of Coriolanus (2013-2014) winning the Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor and receiving a nomination for the Olivier Award for Best Actor. He made his Broadway debut in a 2019 revival of Betrayal.\nHiddleston made his film debut in the drama Unrelated (2007). He came to wider public attention when cast as Loki in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in Thor (2011), The Avengers (2012), Thor: The Dark World (2013), Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019) and Loki (2021).\nIn 2011, he won the Empire Award for Best Male Newcomer and was nominated for the BAFTA Rising Star Award. He has also appeared in Steven Spielberg's War Horse (2011), The Deep Blue Sea (2011), Woody Allen's romantic comedy Midnight in Paris (2011), the 2012 BBC series Henry IV and Henry V, and the romantic vampire film Only Lovers Left Alive (2013). In 2015, he starred in Guillermo del Toro's Crimson Peak, Ben Wheatley's High Rise, and played the troubled country music singer Hank Williams in the biopic I Saw The Light. The film Kong: Skull Island (2017) marked his first big-budget leading role outside MCU.\nHe starred in and was an executive producer of the AMC / BBC limited series The Night Manager (2016), for which he received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie and Outstanding Limited Series, and won his first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Miniseries or Television Film.", "Q303875": "Kiss the Girls and Make Them Die (Italian title: Se tutte le donne del mondo) is a James Bond spoof film released in 1966 as an Italian-American co-production between Dino De Laurentiis' Cinematografica and Columbia Pictures. Directed by Henry Levin, with stars Michael Connors, Dorothy Provine and, as the villain, Raf Vallone, it was originally filmed from January to March 1966 under the title Operation Paradise and distributed in some parts of the English-speaking world as If All the Women in the World.", "Q221418": "The Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra (Hungarian: Budapesti Filharm\u00f3niai T\u00e1rsas\u00e1g Zenekara) is Hungary's oldest extant orchestra. It was founded in 1853 by Ferenc Erkel under the auspices of the Budapest Philharmonic Society. For many years it was Hungary's only professional orchestra. The ensemble is an independent body, now organised by musicians of the Opera House, directed by the chairman-conductor and the board of directors. Its main concert venue is the Hungarian State Opera House, where they give around ten concerts per year.Since its foundation famous composers have given concerts with the orchestra. Franz Liszt travelled regularly to Budapest and appeared as guest conductor with them; among its other guest conductors over the past 150 years have been Brahms, Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, and Mahler.\nThe Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra has made numerous concert tours to other European countries, the United States and Japan.", "Q95855": "Lambert Josef Alois Frenken (27 September 1854 \u2013 10 September 1943) was a German jurist and politician (Centre Party). During the Weimar Republic era, he briefly served as Minister of Justice in the first cabinet of Hans Luther (from January to November 1925).", "Q84780": "Henry Lehrman (March 30, 1881 \u2013 November 7, 1946) was an American actor, screenwriter, director and producer. Lehrman was a very prominent figure of Hollywood's silent film era, working with such cinematic pioneers as D.W. Griffith and Mack Sennett. However, he is primarily remembered today not for his own achievements, but for three biographical facts: he had directed, as well as co-starred in, Charlie Chaplin's very first film, Making a Living (though Chaplin and he didn't get along); he was notoriously careless of the safety of the actors who worked for him; and he was the lover of the actress Virginia Rappe, for whose death Roscoe \"Fatty\" Arbuckle, in a highly-publicized series of trials, was accused, and later acquitted, of manslaughter.", "Q3368464": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bintsamou (born 29 August 1964, Brazzaville) also known as Pastor Ntumi, is a Protestant clergyman and was the leader of the \"semi-religious\" rebel group The Ninjas which led a civil war in Congo-Brazzaville.\nIn April 2007, Bintsamou signed a peace agreement with the central government in Brazzaville. Under the agreement, Bintsamou was to disband his militia in exchange for a position as a deputy minister responsible for peace and reparations.Bintsamou was eventually installed in his official post as Delegate-General for the Promotion of the Values of Peace and Repair of the Ravages of War on 28 December 2009.Standing as a candidate of his party, the Conseil National des R\u00e9publicains (CNR), Bintsamou was elected as a local councilor in Mayama, located in the Pool Department, in the September 2014 local elections.", "Q249968": "Arthur Lester Matthews (6 June 1900 \u2013 5 June 1975) was an English actor born in Nottingham. In his career, the handsome Englishman made more than 180 appearances in film and on television. He was erroneously credited in later years as Les Matthews. Matthews played supporting roles in films like The Raven and Werewolf of London (both 1935), but his career deteriorated into bit parts. He died on 5 June 1975, the day before his 75th birthday, in Los Angeles. His ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean.", "Q138697": "For the Charles Frazier novel see Thirteen Moons.13 Moons is a 2002 comedy-drama film directed by Alexandre Rockwell. The title is a reference to the saying of a minor character's mother, who suggested that if nights of the full moon are strange, then \"this must be the night of thirteen moons.\"", "Q129942": "Ludwik Fritsche (17 August 1872 \u2013 4 September 1940) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in more than 25 films between 1922 and 1940.", "Q361996": "William Henry Hartnell (8 January 1908 \u2013 23 April 1975) was an English actor. While Hartnell made numerous stage and television appearances and acted in over 75 British films, he is best remembered today as the First Doctor in BBC Television's Doctor Who, which he played from 1963 to 1966. He was also well known for his roles as Sergeant Grimshaw, the title character of the first Carry On film, Carry On Sergeant in 1958, and as Company Sergeant Major Percy Bullimore in the sitcom The Army Game from 1957 to 1961.", "Q3103269": "Georges (Jerzy) Nomarski (January 6, 1919 \u2013 1997) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and optics theoretician. Creator of differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, the method is widely used to study live biological specimens and unstained tissues and in many languages bears his name.", "Q185316": "Ivan I Daniilovich Kalita (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d I \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430; 1 November 1288 \u2013 31 March 1340 or 1341) was Grand Duke of Moscow from 1325 and Vladimir from 1332.", "Q308920": "The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie (French: Le Charme discret de la bourgeoisie) is a 1972 surrealist film directed by Luis Bu\u00f1uel and written by Jean-Claude Carri\u00e8re in collaboration with the director. The film was made in France and is mainly in French, with some dialogue in Spanish.\nThe narrative concerns a group of upper middle class people attempting\u2014despite continual interruptions\u2014to dine together. The film received the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and a nomination for Best Original Screenplay.", "Q3653177": "Fadey Sargsyan (Armenian: \u0556\u0561\u0564\u0565\u0575 \u054d\u0561\u0580\u0563\u057d\u0575\u0561\u0576, September 18, 1923 \u2013 January 11, 2010) was an Armenian scientist and politician.\nSargsyan served as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1977 to 1989.He was later the President of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences from 1993 to 2006.", "Q485693": "Anand Jon Alexander (born November 28, 1976), also known as Anand Jon is an Indian-born American celebrity fashion designer who appeared on America's Next Top Model and was listed in Newsweek's \u201dWho\u2019s Next in 2007?\u201d. In November 2008, Anand Jon was convicted at the Los Angeles court Court on one count of rape and multiple counts of lesser sexual offenses. He was sentenced to 59 years to life. Anand Jon was facing similar charges in New York, but before the trial began in 2013, the New York prosecutors had independently dismissed almost all the charges in their case which featured almost the same witnesses and charges as the overlapping Los Angeles case. Anand Jon subsequently accepted a \"time served\" plea for one of the initial 49 counts in exchange for New York prosecutors turning over materials he has since proceeded to use in a Writ of Habeas Corpus seeking relief from his California convictions.", "Q694732": "Paul Rassinier (1906 \u2013 1967) was a French pacifist, political activist, and author who is viewed as \"the father of Holocaust denial\". He was also a member of the French resistance who survived Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora concentration camps. A journalist and editor, he wrote hundreds of articles on political and economic subjects.", "Q204868": "Yevgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043d, IPA: [j\u026av\u02c8\u0261\u02b2en\u02b2\u026aj \u026a\u02c8van\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 z\u0250\u02c8m\u02b2\u00e6t\u02b2\u026an]; 20 January (Julian) / 1 February (Gregorian), 1884 \u2013 10 March 1937), sometimes anglicized as Eugene Zamyatin, was a Russian author of science fiction and political satire. He is most famous for his 1921 novel We, a story set in a dystopian future police state.\nDespite having been a prominent Old Bolshevik, Zamyatin was deeply disturbed by the policies pursued by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) following the October Revolution. In 1921, We became the first work banned by the Soviet censorship board. Ultimately, Zamyatin arranged for We to be smuggled to the West for publication. The subsequent outrage this sparked within the Party and the Union of Soviet Writers led directly to Zamyatin's successful request for exile from his homeland. Due to his use of literature to criticize Soviet society, Zamyatin has been referred to as one of the first Soviet dissidents.", "Q273438": "Marie Seebach (24 February 1829 \u2013 3 August 1897) was a German actress.", "Q32354": "Legend of Crystania (\u30ec\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30fb\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30bf\u30cb\u30a2, Rejendo obu Kurisutania) is a Japanese media franchise of RPGs, novels, anime and manga by Ryo Mizuno and Group SNE. The novels by Mizuno and others were published from 1993 to 2002, based on 's RPG \"replays\" serialized in the Japanese magazines Comptiq and later in Dengeki-Oh (Blitz King) from 1989 to 1998. \nAn full-length Japanese animated motion picture Legend of Crystania (\u306f\u3058\u307e\u308a\u306e\u5192\u967a\u8005\u305f\u3061 \u30ec\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30c9\u30fb\u30aa\u30d6\u30fb\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30bf\u30cb\u30a2, Hajimari no B\u014dkenshatachi: Rejendo obu Kurisutania, First-time Adventurers: Legend of Crystania) and a manga illustrated by Akira Himekawa, both based on the Mizuno novels, were made in 1995. Drama CD's, video games, and tabletop RPG materials were also released. The film has been officially released on VHS and DVD in North America by ADV Films. \nThe film's sequel, the three-part original video animation (OVA) series Legend of Crystania: The Chaos Ring, was released in 1996. These episodes were released on VHS and later on DVD (as a single movie) in North America by ADV Films.", "Q515294": "Audrey Marie Marrs (born June 25, 1970) is a film producer, the Chief Operating Officer of Representational Pictures, Inc. She is a former punk rock musician and co-founder of Ladyfest.\n\n", "Q234773": "Priscilla Ann Presley (n\u00e9e Wagner, changed by adoption to Beaulieu; born May 24, 1945) is an American actress and business magnate. Married to Elvis Presley from 1967 to 1973, she served as chairwoman of Elvis Presley Enterprises (EPE), the company that turned Graceland, Elvis' mansion, into one of the top tourist attractions in the United States. In her acting career, Presley had a starring role as Jane Spencer in the three successful Naked Gun films, in which she co-starred with Leslie Nielsen, and played the role of Jenna Wade on the long-running television series Dallas.", "Q984104": "Pedro Juan Rodr\u00edguez Ferrer (January 31, 1933 \u2013 December 2, 2000), better known as Pete \"El Conde\" Rodr\u00edguez was a salsa singer born in Barrio Cantera, Ponce, Puerto Rico. His son, also named Pete Rodriguez, is also a salsa and jazz musician.Pete \"El Conde\" Rodr\u00edguez was a percussionist who started playing bongos at the age of five. After working with local groups in Ponce, Puerto Rico, he moved to The Bronx during the 1950s. While singing and playing the congas in a Bronx bar, he was spotted by legendary bandleader Johnny Pacheco. His first album was titled Suavito, which was released in 1963.\nJust a year later in 1964, Pacheco and his lawyer Jerry Masucci founded The Fania All-Stars, a combination of the best Latin singers and musicians at that time. Pete's first album under the Fania label was Canonazo. Between 1964 and 1973, Rodriguez and Pacheco recorded seven albums including La Perfecta Combinacion (1970), Los Compadres (1971), and Tres De Cafe Y Dos De Azucar (1973).\nIn 1974, Rodr\u00edguez left the Fania All-Stars and concentrated on a successful solo career. His solo debut album El Conde (1974) was an award winner. His 1976 album Este Negro Si Es Sabroso was rated ninth in best Salsa records at that time. That album featured one of his most popular songs, \"Catalina La O\".\nDuring the 1980s, with the Fania All-Stars on the verge of disbanding, Rodriguez reunited with Johnny Pacheco and recorded four more albums between 1983 and 1989. Their 1987 album Salsobita was nominated for a Grammy. By 1990, he went solo again.\nPete \"El Conde\" Rodr\u00edguez only recorded two albums in the 1990s with one of his hit songs \"Esos Tus Ojos Negros\" being released in 1993. By 2000, he was hired by Tito Puente to provide lead vocals for a tribute to the late bolero singer Benny Mor\u00e9. However, the album was released posthumously because Puente died on 31 May 2000. Rodriguez also had a heart ailment, but he refused to undergo bypass surgery as Puente did. On 2 December 2000, Pete \"El Conde\" Rodriguez suffered a heart attack and died at the age of 67.", "Q337508": "Melvin Mouron Belli (July 29, 1907 \u2013 July 9, 1996) was a prominent American lawyer known as \"The King of Torts\" and by insurance companies as \"Melvin Bellicose.\" He had many celebrity clients, including Zsa Zsa Gabor, Errol Flynn, Chuck Berry, Muhammad Ali, The Rolling Stones, Jim Bakker and Tammy Faye Bakker, Martha Mitchell, Maureen Connolly, Lana Turner, Tony Curtis, and Mae West. During his legal career, he won over $600 million in damages for his clients. He was also the attorney for Jack Ruby, who shot Lee Harvey Oswald for the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.\n\n", "Q8851": "M\u00e1laga (, Spanish: [\u02c8mala\u0263a]) is a municipality of Spain, capital of the Province of M\u00e1laga, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. With a population of 571,026 in 2018, it is the second-most populous city of Andalusia after Seville and the sixth most populous in Spain. It lies on the Costa del Sol (Coast of the Sun) of the Mediterranean, about 100 kilometres (62.14 miles) east of the Strait of Gibraltar and about 130 km (80.78 mi) north of Africa.\nM\u00e1laga's history spans about 2,800 years, making it one of the oldest cities in Europe and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. According to most scholars, it was founded about 770 BC by the Phoenicians as Malaka (Punic: \ud802\udd0c\ud802\udd0b\ud802\udd0a\ud802\udd00, MLK\u02be). From the 6th century BC the city was under the hegemony of Ancient Carthage, and from 218 BC, it was ruled by the Roman Republic and then empire as Malaca (Latin). After the fall of the empire and the end of Visigothic rule, it was under Islamic rule as M\u0101laqah (Arabic: \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629\u200e) for 800 years, but in 1487, the Crown of Castille gained control in the midst of the Granada War. The archaeological remains and monuments from the Phoenician, Roman, Arabic and Christian eras make the historic center of the city an \"open museum\", displaying its history of nearly 3,000 years.\nThe painter and sculptor Pablo Picasso, Hebrew poet and Jewish philosopher Solomon Ibn Gabirol and the actor Antonio Banderas were born in M\u00e1laga. The magnum opus of Cuban composer Ernesto Lecuona, \"Malague\u00f1a\", is named after the music of this region of Spain.\nThe most important business sectors in M\u00e1laga are tourism, construction and technology services, but other sectors such as transportation and logistics are beginning to expand. The Andalusia Technology Park (PTA), located in M\u00e1laga, has enjoyed significant growth since its inauguration in 1992. M\u00e1laga is home of the region's largest bank, Unicaja, and it is the fourth-ranking city in economic activity in Spain behind Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia, which ranks first in Andalusia.", "Q167393": "Preben Elkj\u00e6r (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8el\u02cck\u02b0e\u02c0\u0250\u032f]; born 11 September 1957) is a retired Danish professional footballer who played as a striker.\nAmongst others, he played with Hellas Verona in Italy, helping the club to the only major title of its history, the 1985 Serie A. Additionally, Elkj\u00e6r scored nearly 40 goals for the Danish national team in 11 years, being a leading figure for the Danish side under coach Sepp Piontek that played at the Euro 1984 and the 1986 World Cup (a first-ever appearance), often hailed as the golden generation of Danish football by their countrymen. Elkj\u00e6r won the Bronze Ball award at the latter competition. \nWidely regarded as one of the best forwards of the 1980s, Elkj\u00e6r finished second in the Ballon d'Or awards in 1985, having been placed third the previous year, and going on to finish fourth in 1986. In Verona he is still remembered fondly, having earned the persisting nickname \"Il sindaco\" (the mayor) during his stint for the club. To this day, at least a few hundred voters in the city continue to write his name on their ballots at the mayoral elections. Renowned for his goal-scoring abilities and persona, he also remains one of the most popular athletes in his native Denmark.", "Q119659": "Ralph Lewin (born May 21, 1953) is a Swiss politician and the former president of the Cantonal Executive of the Canton of Basel-City since 2004. Since 2009, Lewin served on the board of directors for Cantonal. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland.", "Q597283": "Herbert Percy Horne (1864 in London \u2013 1916 in Florence, Italy) was an English poet, architect, typographer and designer, art historian and antiquarian. He was an associate of the Rhymers' Club in London. He edited the magazines The Century Guild Hobby Horse and The Hobby Horse for the Century Guild of Artists.\n\nLater in life he settled in Florence, restoring a Renaissance palazzo into which he eventually moved. He first visited Italy in 1889 and kept an illustrated journal of his travels and art and architectural research. His monograph on Sandro Botticelli from 1908 is still recognised as of exceptional quality and thoroughness.", "Q299787": "Nieves Navarro Garc\u00eda (born November 11, 1938 in Almer\u00eda, Spain) is a retired Spanish-born Italian actress and fashion model. Navarro worked extensively in Italian cinema appearing alongside actors such as Tot\u00f2 and Lino Banfi in the 1960s and 1970s. She later adopted the Americanized stage name Susan Scott for many of her productions after 1969.\nNavarro was also one of the first female stars of the Spaghetti Western genre making her feature film debut in A Pistol for Ringo and its sequel The Return of Ringo along with later appearances in The Big Gundown (1966), Long Days of Vengeance (1967), Cloud of Dust... Cry of Death... Sartana Is Coming (1970) and Adi\u00f3s, Sabata (1971). In 1972, she married the Italian director and producer Luciano Ercoli, starring in many of his productions up until the early-1980s, and was familiar for her erotically-themed roles in giallo and sex comedies. She went into semi-retirement after 1983, making two last films in 1989. In recent years, she returned to live in her native Spain with her husband.", "Q193212": "Seann William Scott (born October 3, 1976) is an American actor, comedian, and producer. He is known for his role as Steve Stifler in the American Pie franchise, and also for his role as Doug Glatt in both Goon and Goon: Last of the Enforcers. He has also appeared in films Dude, Where's My Car? (2000), Final Destination (2000), Road Trip (2000), Evolution (2001), The Dukes of Hazzard (2005), Mr. Woodcock (2007) and Role Models (2008). He has voiced Crash in four Ice Age animated feature films and two Ice Age television specials. Scott portrayed former CIA operative Wesley Cole in Fox's crime-drama television series Lethal Weapon (2018\u201319).Films in which he has starred have earned $4.91 billion at the global box office as of 2017.", "Q448193": "Sadie Benning (born April 11, 1973) is an American visual artist, who works in video, painting, drawing, sculpture, photography and sound. Benning explores a variety of themes including surveillance, gender, ambiguity, transgression, play, intimacy, and identity. \n\n", "Q97924": "Frank Dietrich (3 May 1966 in Guben \u2013 24 July 2011) was a German politician and member of the CDU. He was a member of the final East German Volkskammer (People's Chamber) before reunification and from 1990 to 1994 was a member of the Landtag of Brandenburg.", "Q223569": "Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide, and which formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and feminist movement during the 20th century. In some countries, these rights are institutionalized or supported by law, local custom, and behavior, whereas in others they are ignored and suppressed. They differ from broader notions of human rights through claims of an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls, in favor of men and boys.Issues commonly associated with notions of women's rights include the right to bodily integrity and autonomy; to be free from sexual violence; to vote; to hold public office; to enter into legal contracts; to have equal rights in family law; to work; to fair wages or equal pay; to have reproductive rights; to own property; to education.", "Q24250": "Frank Christopher Guinta (born September 26, 1970) is an American businessman and politician who represented New Hampshire's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013 and from 2015 to 2017. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire from 2006 to 2010. He is identified by National Journal as a moderate.Guinta worked in the insurance industry before being elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives, where he served from 2000 to 2004; he also served as a Manchester alderman from 2001 to 2005. He resigned from the State House in 2004 to work as senior policy adviser to Republican Congressman Jeb Bradley. In 2005, he ran for mayor of Manchester and defeated three-term Democratic incumbent Robert A. Baines. He was re-elected in 2007 but did not run for a third term in 2009. Instead, he ran for Congress in 2010, defeating Democratic incumbent Carol Shea-Porter. In a rematch in 2012, Shea-Porter defeated Guinta to reclaim the seat. Guinta defeated Shea-Porter for a second time in 2014. Shea-Porter defeated Guinta on November 8, 2016, to win back the seat.\n\n", "Q4213065": "Frank Caplan (June 10, 1911 \u2013 September 28, 1988) was a youth worker, educator, folk toy collector, and pioneer in developing and manufacturing educational toys for children. He co-founded Creative Playthings in 1945 with his wife Theresa, and worked with artists, architects, and designers, such as Isamu Noguchi, Louis Kahn, Henry Moore, Robert Winston, and the Swiss toymaker, Antonio Vitali, to create innovative educational play objects and playground designs for children. By the 1950s, Creative Playthings had gained international recognition and expanded to become one of the most important manufacturers and suppliers of materials for early childhood education. In 1975, Frank Caplan founded The Princeton Center for Infancy and Early Childhood. He researched and co-authored a national bestselling series on early childhood development with Theresa Caplan, which included, The First Twelve Months of Life (1977), The Second Twelve Months of Life (1978), and The Early Childhood Years: The 2 to 6 Year Old (1983). Together they also co-authored The Power of Play (1973). He was one of the first male nursery school teachers in the U.S. and together with Theresa Caplan collected over 50,000 American and international folk toys, folk art, and contemporary playthings, which in 1984 the couple donated to The Children's Museum of Indianapolis for a permanent gallery on folk, fantasy, and play.", "Q234015": "\u00c0strid Berg\u00e8s-Frisbey (born 26 May 1986) is a French-Spaniard actress and model. She is best known for playing Suzanne in The Sea Wall, the mermaid Syrena in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides and Sofi in I Origins. She is the recipient of the Prix Suzanne Bianchetti in 2009 and the Troph\u00e9e Chopard Award for Female Revelation of the Year at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and a nomination at the 2016 David di Donatello in Rome.", "Q289594": "Alexandra London (born 29 April 1973 in Paris) is a French actress. She has appeared in more than twenty five films since 1989.", "Q1699761": "John Davenport Siddeley, 1st Baron Kenilworth (5 August 1866 \u2013 3 November 1953), was a pioneer of the motor industry in the United Kingdom, manufacturing aero engines and airframes as well as motor vehicles.", "Q4301313": "Rex G. Maughan is an American businessman. He is the founder, president, and chief executive officer of Forever Living Products, a multi-level marketing company that sells aloe vera and bee hive-based cosmetics and other personal products.\n\n", "Q161084": "Georg Friedrich Karl Freiherr (From 1914, Graf) von Hertling (31 August 1843 \u2013 4 January 1919) was a German politician who served as the Minister-President of Bavaria from 1912 to 1917 and then as Minister-President of Prussia and Chancellor of the German Empire from 1917 to 1918. He was the first party politician to hold the office.", "Q1028859": "Alexander Minto Hughes (2 May 1945 \u2013 13 March 1998), better known as Judge Dread, was an English reggae and ska musician. He was the first white recording artist to have a reggae hit in Jamaica, and the BBC has banned more of his songs than those of any other recording artist, because of his frequent use of sexual innuendo and double entendres. Following his death, Rolling Stone reported, \"He sold several million albums throughout his 25-plus year career and was second only to Bob Marley in U.K. reggae sales during the 1970s\".", "Q86829": "Josef Weidenholzer (born 6 March 1950) is an Austrian politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2011 until 2019. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.\nWeidenholzer is a professor of Social Policy and served as Director of the Institute for Social Policy at the Johannes Kepler University Linz. from 1998. Since 1991 he is the President of Volkshilfe \u00d6sterreich and of the European NGO platform \u00b4Solidar\u00b4. \n\n", "Q3200900": "Steven David Daines (born August 20, 1962) is an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator for Montana since 2015. A Republican, he served as the U.S. Representative for Montana's at-large congressional district from 2013 to 2015. Daines won the open US Senate seat in the 2014 Senate election.", "Q644705": "Carl Erwin Walz (Colonel, USAF, Ret.) (born September 6, 1955) is a former NASA astronaut currently working for Orbital Sciences Corporation's Advanced Programs Group as Vice President for Human Space Flight Operations. Walz was formerly assigned to the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC. He was the Acting Director for the Advanced Capabilities Division in the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate, and was responsible for a broad range of activities to include Human Research, Technology Development, Nuclear Power and Propulsion and the Lunar Robotic Exploration Programs to support the Vision for Space Exploration.", "Q145132": "Robert Taylor (born Spangler Arlington Brugh; August 5, 1911 \u2013 June 8, 1969) was an American film and television actor who was one of the most popular leading men of his time.\nTaylor began his career in films in 1934 when he signed with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He won his first leading role the following year in Magnificent Obsession. His popularity increased during the late 1930s and 1940s with appearances in A Yank at Oxford (1938), Waterloo Bridge (1940), and Bataan (1943). During World War II, he served in the United States Naval Air Corps, where he worked as a flight instructor and appeared in instructional films. From 1959 to 1962, he starred in the series The Detectives Starring Robert Taylor. In 1966, he took over hosting duties from his friend Ronald Reagan on the series Death Valley Days.\nTaylor was married to actress Barbara Stanwyck from 1939 to 1951. He married actress Ursula Thiess in 1954, and they had two children. A chain smoker, Taylor was diagnosed with lung cancer in October 1968. He died of the disease on June 8, 1969 at the age of 57.", "Q103167": "Stefan Bosse (December 24, 1964) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nSince 2004 he has been an Oberb\u00fcrgermeister for the state of Kaufbeuren.", "Q1065959": "Moonlight Lady (\u9854\u306e\u306a\u3044\u6708, Kao no Nai Tsuki, lit. Faceless Moon) is the American release title for No Surface Moon The Animation; a 2001 Japanese OVA anime series adapted from the 2000 Japanese visual novel eroge of the same name. It was created by Orbit Co., Ltd., animated by IMAGIN, and produced by Pink Pineapple, and later licensed by Media Blasters, English dubbed by Wave Form Solutions (ep. 1-4), Sunlight Audio (ep. 5), and distributed by Kitty Media.\n\n", "Q726194": "Nicholas Evans (born 26 July 1950) is an English journalist, screenwriter television and film producer and novelist.", "Q181616": "Katsuji Mori (\u68ee \u529f\u81f3, Mori Katsuji, born July 10, 1945) is a Japanese actor, voice actor and narrator from Tokyo. He is most known for the roles of Go Mifune (Mach GoGoGo), Joe Shimamura/009 (Cyborg 009 [1960's]), Ken the Eagle (Science Ninja Team Gatchaman), Jouji Minami (Tekkaman: The Space Knight), and Garma Zabi (Mobile Suit Gundam).", "Q520549": "A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid, liquid, and gaseous matter that constitutes the Earth and other terrestrial planets, as well as the processes that shape them. Geologists usually study geology, although backgrounds in physics, chemistry, biology, and other sciences are also useful. Field work is an important component of geology, although many subdisciplines incorporate laboratory work.\nGeologists work in the energy and mining sectors searching for natural resources such as petroleum, natural gas, precious and base metals. They are also in the forefront of preventing and mitigating damage from natural hazards and disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and landslides. Their studies are used to warn the general public of the occurrence of these events. Geologists are also important contributors to climate change discussions.", "Q83789": "Calendar Girls is a 2003 British comedy film directed by Nigel Cole. Produced by Buena Vista International and Touchstone Pictures, it features a screenplay by Tim Firth and Juliette Towhidi, based on a true story of a group of middle-aged Yorkshire women who produced a nude calendar to raise money for Leukaemia Research under the auspices of the Women's Institutes in April 1999 after the cancer death of the husband of one of their members. The film stars an ensemble cast headed by Helen Mirren and Julie Walters, with Linda Bassett, Annette Crosbie, Celia Imrie, Penelope Wilton, Geraldine James and Philip Glenister playing key supporting roles.\nCalendar Girls premiered at the Locarno Film Festival and was later shown at Filmfest Hamburg, the Dinard Festival of British Cinema in France, the Warsaw Film Festival, the Tokyo International Film Festival and the UK Film Festival in Hong Kong. It garnered generally positive reactions by film critics, who compared with British comedy film The Full Monty (1997). At a budget of $10 million it also became a major commercial success, eventually grossing $96 million worldwide following its theatrical release in the United States. In addition, the picture was awarded the British Comedy Award for Best Comedy Film, and spawned ALFS Award, Empire Award, Satellite Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for Mirren and Walters respectively.", "Q362521": "Uni J\u00f3gvansson Arge (born 20 January 1971 in T\u00f3rshavn) is a Faroese journalist, writer, musician, singer, and a former international football striker. He is also a former handball player. He played 105 matches for the handball club Kyndil from T\u00f3rshavn and scored 693 goals for the club.", "Q49080": "Isaac Emmanuilovich Babel (Russian: \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0430\u043a \u042d\u043c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c, IPA: [\u02c8bab\u02b2\u026al\u02b2]; 13 July [O.S. 1 July] 1894 \u2013 27 January 1940) was a Russian writer, journalist, playwright, and literary translator. He is best known as the author of Red Cavalry, Story of My Dovecote and The Odessa Tales\u2014stories from the life of Jewish gangsters from Odessa led by Benya Krik (prototype \u2013 Mishka Yaponchik). He has been acclaimed as \"the greatest prose writer of Russian Jewry\". Babel was arrested by the NKVD on 15 May 1939 on fabricated charges of terrorism and espionage, and executed on 27 January 1940.", "Q92684": "Professor Sartaj Kumar Sahni (born July 22, 1949, in Pune, India) is a computer scientist based in the United States, and is one of the pioneers in the field of data structures. He is a distinguished professor in the Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering at the University of Florida.", "Q2245422": "John Robert Maurice Jacobs, OBE (14 March 1925 \u2013 13 January 2017) was an English professional golfer, coach, entrepreneur, writer and administrator. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2000.", "Q3832423": "Pasquale Foti (3 February 1950) is an entrepreneur, and president of Reggina Calcio.", "Q3310736": "Michel Robin (born 13 October 1930) is a French film actor and comedian. He has appeared in 120 films since 1966.He has worked with directors including William Klein, Costa-Gavras, Marcel Camus, G\u00e9rard Oury, Andrzej \u017bu\u0142awski, Jean L'H\u00f4te, Francis Veber, Jos\u00e9 Giovanni, Claude Chabrol, Alexandre Astruc, Jim Henson, Jaco Van Dormael, \u00c9douard Molinaro, Pascal Thomas, Jean-Paul Salom\u00e9, Jean-Pierre Mocky, Jean-Pierre Jeunet, Sylvain Chomet, Beno\u00eet Jacquot, Alain Resnais and Arnaud Desplechin.", "Q125349": "Wac\u0142aw Andrzej Martyniuk (pronounced [\u02c8vat\u0361swaf mar\u02c8t\u0268\u0272uk]; born November 10, 1949 in Bytom) is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005, receiving 11,339 votes in the 29th Gliwice district, running on the Democratic Left Alliance list.\nHe was also a member of Sejm 1991-1993, Sejm 1993-1997, Sejm 1997-2001, and Sejm 2001-2005.", "Q105099": "Max Heinz Liepmann (27 August 1905 \u2013 6 June 1966) was a German writer and journalist. Liepmann was born in Osnabr\u00fcck, Province of Hanover, Prussia, and died in Agarone, Ticino, Switzerland.", "Q313657": "Colin Morgan (born 1 January 1986) is an actor from Northern Ireland, best known for playing the title character in the BBC fantasy series Merlin.\nMorgan made his London theatre debut in 2007 as the title character in DBC Pierre's Vernon God Little. He went on to appear in the theatre productions Pedro Almod\u00f3var's Todo sobre mi madre (\"All About My Mother\") in 2007, Thomas Babe's A Prayer for My Daughter in 2008, Pedro Miguel Rozo's Our Private Life in 2011, Step in Time at The Old Vic 24 Hour Musicals Celebrity Gala in 2012, Shakespeare's The Tempest in 2013, and Jez Butterworth's Mojo during 2013 and 2014.\nIn July 2008, Screen International named Morgan as a \"Star of Tomorrow\". For his performance in Merlin, Morgan was nominated for Outstanding Actor (Drama) in the Monte Carlo TV Festival Awards in 2009, 2010, and 2011, and Best Actor in Drama Performance: Male in the National Television Awards in 2013.", "Q434919": "Flora Alakbar gizi Karimova (Azerbaijani: Flora \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r q\u0131z\u0131 K\u0259rimova; born July 23, 1941 in Baku) is an Azerbaijani popular music singer, civil right activist and People's Artist of Azerbaijan.", "Q208263": "The Green Mile is a 1999 American prison fantasy crime drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont and based on Stephen King\u2019s 1996 novel of the same name. It stars Tom Hanks as a death row corrections officer during the U.S. Great Depression who witnesses supernatural events that occur after an enigmatic inmate (Michael Clarke Duncan) is brought to his facility. David Morse, Bonnie Hunt, Doug Hutchison and James Cromwell appear in supporting roles.\nThe film received positive reviews from critics and grossed $290 million on a $60 million budget. It was nominated for four Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Supporting Actor for Duncan, Best Sound and Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published.", "Q3110942": "Sir Gordon Wu Ying-sheung, GBS, KCMG, FICE (Chinese: \u80e1\u61c9\u6e58; born 1935, Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong businessman. He is the chairman of the board of Hong Kong-listed Asian infrastructure firm Hopewell Holdings Ltd.", "Q727705": "\u0218tefan Aurel Baciu (Portuguese: Est\u00eav\u00e3o Baciu, Spanish: Esteban Baciu; October 29, 1918 \u2013 January 6, 1993) was a Romanian and Brazilian poet, novelist, publicist and academic who lived his later life in Hawaii. A precocious, award-winning, young author in interwar Romania, he was involved in editing several literary magazines. Attracted into left-wing democratic politics and the Social Democratic Party (PSDR), he camouflaged his views while working for the fascist press under dictatorial regimes, but returned in 1944 to manage the PSDR's Libertatea newspaper. Witnessing first-hand the gradual communist takeover, Baciu managed to have himself assigned to a diplomatic posting in Switzerland, and ultimately defected in 1948. A resident and then citizen of Brazil, and a traveler throughout Latin America, he wrote works in Portuguese, Spanish, English and German, as well as in his native Romanian.\nInvolved with the Congress for Cultural Freedom and a friend of independent socialists such as Juan Bosch, Baciu spoke out against South American communism and criticized Fidel Castro. He eventually moved to the United States, as a professor at the University of Washington, and, from 1964, the University of Hawaii. He put out the international magazine Mele, which, although rudimentarily printed and little circulated, remains a noted source of information about avant-garde writers of the Romanian diaspora, from Andrei Codrescu to Dolfi Trost and Sesto Pals. Baciu was also a preeminent historian and anthologist of South and Central American surrealism, as well as a translator of Latin American literature into Romanian and German.", "Q4859225": "Barbara \"Basia\" Piasecka Johnson (born Barbara Piasecka; February 25, 1937 \u2013 April 1, 2013) was a Polish humanitarian, philanthropist, art connoisseur and collector.\n\n", "Q353273": "Filippo Lombardi (born 29 May 1956) is a Swiss politician and former President of the Swiss Council of States (2012/2013). He represents Ticino in the Council of States and is a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party.", "Q47522": "Milena Gabanelli (born 9 June 1954 in Nibbiano) is an Italian journalist and television host, better known in Italy for being the author and anchorwoman in the independent investigative journalism Television program Report. The program is currently broadcast by the Italian public TV channel Rai 3.\nIn 2013 Gabanelli declined a nomination as candidate in the 2013 election for the Italian Presidency, which had been proposed by Beppe Grillo's Five Star party. Milena Gabanelli left RAI on November 15, 2017. She currently collaborates with Corriere della Sera and the private TV station La7.", "Q114194": "Hannelore Valencak (23 January 1929 \u2013 9 April 2004) was an Austrian physicist, novelist, poet and children's writer.", "Q93015": "Adriaan \"Aad\" van Wijngaarden (2 November 1916 \u2013 7 February 1987) was a Dutch mathematician and computer scientist, who is considered by many to have been the founding father of informatica (computer science) in the Netherlands.\nEven though he was trained as an engineer, Van Wijngaarden would emphasize and promote the mathematical aspects of computing, first in numerical analysis, then in programming languages and finally in design principles of programming languages.", "Q332699": "Arsen Kotsoyev (Ossetian: \u041a\u043e\u0446\u043e\u0439\u0442\u044b \u0410\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043d, romanized: Kocojty Arsen; January 15, 1872 - February 4, 1944) is one of the founders of Ossetic prose, who had a large influence in the formation of the modern Ossetic language and its functional styles. He participated in all of the first Ossetic periodicals, and was one of the most notable Ossetian publicists.\nThere are streets named after Kotsoyev in Vladikavkaz and Beslan. Masterpieces by Kotsoyev are used in school courses on Ossetian literature.", "Q124057": "Dolores del R\u00edo (Spanish pronunciation: [do\u02c8lo\u027eez \u00f0el \u02c8ri.o]; born Mar\u00eda de los Dolores As\u00fansolo L\u00f3pez-Negrete; 3 August 1904 \u2013 11 April 1983) was a Mexican actress of film, television, and theater. With a career spanning more than 50 years, she is regarded as the first major female Latin American crossover star in Hollywood, with an outstanding career in American films in the 1920s and 1930s. She was also considered one of the most important female figures in the Golden Age of Mexican cinema in the 1940s and 1950s. del R\u00edo is also remembered as one of the most beautiful faces of the cinema in her time.After being discovered in Mexico, she began her film career in the American cinema in 1925. She had roles in a series of successful films among those who stand out Resurrection (1927), Ramona (1928) and Evangeline (1929). Del R\u00edo came to be considered a sort of feminine version of Rudolph Valentino, a \"female Latin Lover\" in her years in American silent movies.\nWith the advent of sound, she acted in a range of film genres, from contemporary crime melodramas, musical comedies and romantic dramas. Among her most successful films of that decade include Bird of Paradise (1932), Flying Down to Rio (1933) and Madame Du Barry (1934). In the early 1940s, when her Hollywood career began to decline, del R\u00edo returned to Mexico and joined the Mexican film industry, which at that time was at its peak.\nWhen del R\u00edo returned to her native country, she became one of the more important stars of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. A series of Mexican films starring del Rio, are considered classic masterpieces and helped boost Mexican cinema worldwide. Of them stands out the critically acclaimed Mar\u00eda Candelaria (1943). Del R\u00edo remained active mainly in Mexican films throughout the 1950s. In 1960 she returned to Hollywood. During the next years she appeared in Mexican and American films. From the late 1950s until the early 1970s she also successfully ventured into theater in Mexico and appeared in some American television series.\nDel R\u00edo is considered a mythical figure of cinema in Latin America and a quintessential representation of the female face of Mexico in the entire world.", "Q2704845": "Ai Shimai (\u611b\u59c9\u59b9), adapted into English as Immoral Sisters, is an eroge series published by ELF Corporation that was made into a series of hentai anime released by Pink Pineapple.", "Q187930": "Bayard Rustin (; March 17, 1912 \u2013 August 24, 1987) was an American leader in social movements for civil rights, socialism, nonviolence, and gay rights.\nRustin worked with A. Philip Randolph on the March on Washington Movement in 1941 to press for an end to racial discrimination in employment. Rustin later organized Freedom Rides and helped to organize the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to strengthen Martin Luther King Jr.'s leadership, teaching King about nonviolence and later serving as an organizer for the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.Rustin worked alongside Ella Baker, a co-director of the Crusade for Citizenship, in 1954; and before the Montgomery bus boycott, he helped organize a group called \"In Friendship\" amongst Baker, George Lawrence, Stanley Levison of the American Jewish Congress, and some other laborers. \"In Friendship\" provided material and legal assistance to those being evicted from their tenant farms and households in Clarendon County, Yazoo and other places.King had feelings of betrayal toward Rustin's open comments about his concern for the timing and possible upbringing of violence in the Poor People's Campaign of 1968. After King\u2019s assassination, Rustin agreed to fly from Memphis to help lead the campaign in King\u2019s absence. Rustin faced opposition by movement leadership regarding his involvement, eventually causing him to withdraw his agreement.After the passage of the civil rights legislation of 1964\u201365, Rustin became the head of the AFL\u2013CIO's A. Philip Randolph Institute, which promoted the integration of formerly all-white unions and promoted the unionization of African Americans. During the 1970s and 1980s, Rustin served on many humanitarian missions, such as aiding refugees from Communist Vietnam and Cambodia. At the time of his death in 1987, he was on a humanitarian mission in Haiti.\nRustin was a gay man who had been arrested early in his career for engaging in public sex. Due to criticism over his sexuality, he usually acted as an influential adviser behind the scenes to civil-rights leaders. In the 1980s, he became a public advocate on behalf of gay causes, speaking at events as activist and supporter of human rights. Later in life, while still devoted to securing workers' rights, Rustin joined other union leaders in aligning with ideological neoconservatism, for which President Ronald Reagan posthumously praised him after his death in 1987. On November 20, 2013, President Barack Obama posthumously awarded Rustin the Presidential Medal of Freedom.", "Q97273": "Felix Kubin (born Felix Knoth; 1969 in Hamburg, West Germany) is an electronic musician. He has been involved with music since he was 8 years old, when he studied piano, organ and glockenspiel. His youthful experiments took off in 1980 when he got a Korg MS-20 synthesizer. His early works have been released under the title The Tetchy Teenage Tapes of Felix Kubin. During this time he also played in a punk band Die Egozentrischen 2. In 1987 Felix Kubin co-founded an experimental noise group Klangkrieg with Tim Buhre. His first solo album Filmmusik was released in 1998 by Gagarin Records, Kubin's own label founded in the same year through which he has gone on to release a series of albums including the critically acclaimed Matki Wandalki in 2004.Kubin regularly collaborates on theatrical and animation productions, writes radio plays and is a self-described dadaist. His musical influences include contemporary classics such as Karlheinz Stockhausen and Gy\u00f6rgy Ligeti, as well as groups such as Kraftwerk and DAF.", "Q202028": "War of the Worlds is a 2005 American science fiction action film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Josh Friedman and David Koepp, loosely based on the similarly-titled novel by H. G. Wells and jointly produced and released by Paramount Pictures and DreamWorks Pictures. It stars Tom Cruise with Dakota Fanning, Justin Chatwin, Miranda Otto, and Tim Robbins in supporting roles. It also features narration by Morgan Freeman. The film follows an American dock worker who is forced to look after his children, from whom he lives separately, as he struggles to protect them and reunite them with their mother when extraterrestrials invade the Earth and devastate cities with giant war machines. This was Gene Barry's final film before his retirement that year and his death in 2009.\nThe film was shot in 73 days, using five different sound stages as well as locations in California, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia. The film was surrounded by a secrecy campaign so few details would be leaked before its release. Tie-in promotions were made with several companies, including Hitachi.\nWar of the Worlds was released in the United States on June 29, 2005 and in United Kingdom on July 1, 2005, by Paramount Pictures and DreamWorks Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, with many praising the performances (particularly those of Cruise and Fanning), Spielberg's direction, screenplay, action sequences and visual effects, and was a box office success, becoming 2005's fourth most successful film both domestically and worldwide, with $234 million in North America, and $591 million overall. The film earned three Academy Awards nominations for Best Visual Effects, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Sound Editing.", "Q166264": "Manuel Barrueco (born December 16, 1952) is a Cuban classical guitarist. During three decades of concert performances he has performed and recorded across the United States and has been involved in many successful collaborations. In addition, he teaches at the Peabody Institute in Baltimore, Maryland.", "Q959198": "Sir Eric Campbell Geddes (26 September 1875 \u2013 22 June 1937) was a British businessman and Conservative politician. With a background in railways, he served as head of Military Transportation on the Western Front, with the rank of major-general. He then served as First Lord of the Admiralty (with the rank of vice-admiral, despite its being a political position) between 1917 and 1919. He then served as the first Minister of Transport between 1919 and 1921, in which position he was responsible for the deep public spending cuts known as the \"Geddes Axe\".", "Q126898": "Antibes (, also US: , French: [\u0251\u0303tib] (listen); Proven\u00e7al: Ant\u00edbol) is a Mediterranean resort in the Alpes-Maritimes department of southeastern France, on the C\u00f4te d'Azur between Cannes and Nice.\nThe town of Juan-les-Pins is in the commune of Antibes and the Sophia Antipolis technology park is northwest of it.", "Q171718": "Children of Bodom was a Finnish extreme metal band from Espoo. Formed in 1993 as Inearthed and splitting up in 2019, the final line-up of the group consisted of Alexi Laiho (lead guitar, lead vocals), Jaska Raatikainen (drums), Henkka Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4 (bass guitar), Janne Wirman (keyboards), and Daniel Freyberg (rhythm guitar). The band released ten studio albums, two live albums, two EPs, two compilation albums and one DVD.\nThe band's third studio album, Follow the Reaper, was their first album to receive a gold certification in Finland, and subsequent studio albums acquired the same status. Three consecutive albums debuted at number one on the Finnish album charts, and have also seen chart positions on the United States Billboard 200.\nThe band incorporated many different musical styles, leading critics and fans to label their work as melodic death metal, death metal, power metal, and thrash metal. They are one of Finland's best selling artists of all time with more than 250,000 records sold there alone.\nIn 2019 Children of Bodom held their last concert before disbanding the band. Laiho and Freyberg carried on as Bodom After Midnight in 2020.", "Q574497": "Eddie Collins (born September 28, 1981), better known by his stage name Greydon Square, is an American West Coast hip hop emcee, producer and sound engineer from Compton, California. He is a former U.S. Army soldier and Iraq War veteran who is also an outspoken atheist and promotes discussion about it through music.", "Q1322": "Jos\u00e9 Manuel Emiliano Balmaceda Fern\u00e1ndez (American Spanish: [ma\u02c8nwel \u03b2alma\u02c8se\u00f0a]; July 19, 1840 \u2013 September 19, 1891) was the 11th President of Chile from September 18, 1886 to August 29, 1891. Balmaceda was part of the Castilian-Basque aristocracy in Chile. While he was president, his political disagreements with the Chilean congress led to the 1891 Chilean Civil War, following which he shot and killed himself.", "Q182848": "Ren\u00e9 Schick Guti\u00e9rrez (23 November 1909 \u2013 3 August 1966) was President of Nicaragua from 1 May 1963 to 3 August 1966, but was considered a puppet politician of Luis Somoza. He was born in Le\u00f3n, Nicaragua and was a relative of his successor Lorenzo Guerrero, who served as one of Schick's vice presidents. He previously served as Foreign Minister from 1961 to 1962. He visited the United States in June 1966, meeting with President, Lyndon B. Johnson on June 9. He died, aged 56, in Managua.", "Q553028": "Jeff Loomis (born September 14, 1971) is an American musician, best known for his role as lead guitarist in the progressive metal band Nevermore. In November 2014, it was announced he was to be the new guitarist for Swedish melodic death metal band Arch Enemy.", "Q395340": "Agop Dil\u00e2\u00e7ar (Armenian: \u0545\u0561\u056f\u0578\u0562 \u0544\u0561\u0580\u0569\u0561\u0565\u0561\u0576 Hagop Martayan, Istanbul, May 22, 1895 \u2013 Istanbul, September 12, 1979) was a Turkish-Armenian linguist who specialized in Turkic languages and the first Secretary General and head specialist of the Turkish Language Association. He was proficient in 22 languages, and in addition to Armenian and Turkish, he knew English, Greek, Spanish, Azerbaijani, Latin, German, Russian and Bulgarian.", "Q118976": "Alexander Nevsky (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041d\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) is a 1938 historical drama film directed by Sergei Eisenstein. It depicts the attempted invasion of Novgorod in the 13th century by the Teutonic Knights of the Holy Roman Empire and their defeat by Prince Alexander, known popularly as Alexander Nevsky (1220\u20131263).\nEisenstein made the film in association with Dmitri Vasilyev and with a script co-written with Pyotr Pavlenko; they were assigned to ensure that Eisenstein did not stray into \"formalism\" and to facilitate shooting on a reasonable timetable. It was produced by Goskino via the Mosfilm production unit, with Nikolai Cherkasov in the title role and a musical score by Sergei Prokofiev. Alexander Nevsky was the first and most popular of Eisenstein's three sound films. Eisenstein, Pavlenko, Cherkasov and Abrikosov were awarded the Stalin Prize in 1941 for the film.\nIn 1978, the film was included in the world's 100 best motion pictures according to an opinion poll conducted by the Italian publishing house Arnoldo Mondadori Editore.Russia Beyond considers the film one of the 10 best Russian war films.", "Q245363": "Zygmunt Mineyko (Greek: \u0396\u03af\u03b3\u03ba\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4 \u039c\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf; 1840 \u2013 27 December 1925) was a Polish-Lithuanian aristocrat, army officer, scientist and engineer who later became a naturalized Greek citizen and a public figure in Greece. His son-in-law Georgios Papandreou, his grandson Andreas Papandreou and his great-grandson George Papandreou all became Prime Ministers of Greece.", "Q755393": "New Castle is a city in New Castle County, Delaware, United States, six miles (10 km) south of Wilmington, and situated on the Delaware River. According to the 2010 Census, the population of the city is 5,285.", "Q233593": "Sheryl Lynn Lee (born April 22, 1967) is an American film, stage, and television actress. After studying acting in college, Lee relocated to Seattle, Washington to work in theater, where she was cast by David Lynch as Laura Palmer and Maddy Ferguson on the 1990 cult TV series Twin Peaks and in the 1992 film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me. After completing Twin Peaks, she returned to theater, appearing in the title role of Salome on Broadway opposite Al Pacino.\nHer film roles include as Astrid Kirchherr in Backbeat (1994), as well as a lead role in the drama Mother Night (1996), the role of Katrina in John Carpenter's Vampires (1998) and the part of April in Winter's Bone (2010). She has had recurring roles on such television series as One Tree Hill (2005\u20132006) and Dirty Sexy Money (2007\u20132009). She reprised her role of Laura Palmer in the Showtime revival of Twin Peaks (2017).", "Q1444": "In music, the organ is a keyboard instrument of one or more pipe divisions or other means for producing tones, each played with its own keyboard, played either with the hands on a keyboard or with the feet using pedals. The organ is a relatively old musical instrument, dating from the time of Ctesibius of Alexandria (285\u2013222 BC), who invented the water organ. It was played throughout the Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman world, particularly during races and games. During the early medieval period it spread from the Byzantine Empire, where it continued to be used in secular (non-religious) and imperial court music, to Western Europe, where it gradually assumed a prominent place in the liturgy of the Catholic Church. Subsequently, it re-emerged as a secular and recital instrument in the Classical music tradition.", "Q447049": "Dora Alonso (born Doralina de la Caridad Alonso-Perez on December 22, 1910 in Maximo Gomez, Matanzas, Cuba \u2013 March 21, 2001 in Cuba) was a Cuban journalist and writer who worked in both print and radio. She wrote novels, short stories, poetry, theater and children's literature. She was also a radio and television script writer and a war correspondent.", "Q184587": "Grand Rapids is the second-largest city in Michigan and the largest city in West Michigan. It is on the Grand River about 30 miles (48 km) east of Lake Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 188,040. In 2010, the Grand Rapids metropolitan area had a population of 1,005,648, and the combined statistical area of Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland had a population of 1,321,557. Grand Rapids is the county seat of Kent County.A historic furniture-manufacturing center, Grand Rapids is home to five of the world's leading office furniture companies, and is nicknamed \"Furniture City\". Other nicknames include \"River City\" and more recently, \"Beer City\" (the latter given by USA Today and adopted by the city as a brand). The city and surrounding communities are economically diverse, based in the health care, information technology, automotive, aviation, and consumer goods manufacturing industries, among others.\nGrand Rapids is the childhood home of U.S. President Gerald Ford, who is buried with his wife Betty on the grounds of the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum in the city. The city's main airport and one of its freeways are also named after him.", "Q101599": "Christian Carius (born 22 September 1976 in M\u00fchlhausen) is a German politician and member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He works in the private sector as a lobbyist.", "Q65783": "Georg Neumark (16 March 1621 \u2013 8 July 1681) was a German poet and composer of hymns.", "Q725674": "Herbert Tsangtse Kwouk, OBE (; Chinese: \u90ed\u5f3c; 18 July 1930 \u2013 24 May 2016) was an English actor, known for his role as Cato in the Pink Panther films. He made appearances in many television programmes, including a portrayal of Imperial Japanese Army Major Yamauchi in the British drama series Tenko and as Entwistle in Last of the Summer Wine.", "Q670649": "Irkutsk State University (Russian: \u0418\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0301\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0442) was founded in October 1918 in Irkutsk, Siberia.\nThe University faculties and institutions are located in 9 educational buildings in Irkutsk and in Bratsk. The majority of these buildings are of great historical and architectural value. They date back to the 18th-19th centuries. Senior students of all the faculties have specialized courses and internship in laboratories and scientific research institutions of ISU and Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.\nFor decades, Irkutsk University has trained more than 70 thousand highly qualified specialists, famous scientists, teachers, writers, and statesmen, including State Prize winners A. Belov, Ya. Khabardin, G. Feinstein, M. Gerasimov, G. Debetz, and famous talented writers V. Rasputin, A. Vampilov, and M. Sergeev.\nIrkutsk State University (ISU) is the oldest higher educational institution in Eastern Siberia and the Far East.", "Q100687": "Friedrich Philipp Dulk (22 November 1788 in Stallup\u00f6nen \u2013 14 December 1851 in K\u00f6nigsberg) was a German pharmacist and chemist. He was the father of writer Albert Dulk (1819\u20131884) and father-in-law to mathematician Otto Hesse.\nHe studied law at the University of K\u00f6nigsberg, and in the meantime received training in pharmacy from his brother. In 1812 he qualified as a pharmacist in Berlin, and three years later, took charge of his brother's pharmacy. In 1825 he obtained his habilitation and in 1833 became a full professor of chemistry at the University of K\u00f6nigsberg. In 1847 he was elected a delegate to the Prussian Landtag.", "Q80069": "Megan Denise Fox (born May 16, 1986) is an American actress and model. She began her acting career in 2001, with several minor television and film roles, and played a regular role on the Hope & Faith television sitcom. In 2004, she made her film debut with a role in the teen comedy Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen. In 2007, she co-starred as Mikaela Banes, the love interest of Shia LaBeouf's character, in the blockbuster action film Transformers, which became her breakout role. Fox reprised her role in the 2009 sequel, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. Later in 2009, she starred in the black comedy horror film Jennifer's Body. In 2014, Fox starred as April O'Neil in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and reprised the role in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows (2016).\nFox is considered a sex symbol and has appeared in magazines such as Maxim, Rolling Stone, and FHM.", "Q110494": "Johanna Sibelius (1913\u20131970) was a German screenwriter.Her sisters were the actress Jutta Freybe and the writer Martha Albrand.", "Q476294": "Oriental studies is the academic field of study that embraces Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology; in recent years the subject has often been turned into the newer terms of Middle Eastern studies and Asian studies. Traditional Oriental studies in Europe is today generally focused on the discipline of Islamic studies, while the study of China, especially traditional China, is often called Sinology. The study of East Asia in general, especially in the United States, is often called East Asian studies.\nEuropean study of the region formerly known as \"the Orient\" had primarily religious origins, which has remained an important motivation until recent times. This is partly due to how the Abrahamic religions in Europe (Christianity, Judaism and Islam) originated in the Middle East, as well as the rise of Islam in the 7th century, and consequently there was much interest in the origin of these faiths, and Western culture in general. Learning from Arabic medicine and philosophy, and the Greek translations from Arabic, was an important factor in the Middle Ages. Linguistic knowledge preceded a wider study of cultures and history, and as Europe began to encroach upon the region, political and economic factors encouraged growth in academic study. From the late 18th century, archaeology became a link from the discipline to a wide European public, as treasures pillaged during colonial contacts filled new European museums. The modern study was influenced both by imperialist attitudes and interests, and also the sometimes naive fascination of the exotic East for Mediterranean and European writers and thinkers, captured in images by artists, that is embodied in a repeatedly-surfacing theme in the history of ideas in the West, called \"Orientalism\". In the last century, scholars from the region itself have participated on equal terms in the discipline.", "Q1904924": "Martin Schenkel (25 April 1968 \u2013 27 March 2003) was a Swiss television actor and musician starring usually in Swiss German television productions.\n\n", "Q77387": "Christine Lieberknecht (born 7 May 1958 in Weimar) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). From 2009 to 2014 she served as the Minister President of Thuringia. Lieberknecht was the first woman to become head of government in Thuringia and only the second woman to govern a German state.", "Q175218": "John Henderson (February 28, 1797 \u2013 September 15, 1857) was a lawyer and U.S. Senator from Mississippi.\nBorn in Cumberland County, New Jersey, Henderson worked as a flatboatman on the Mississippi River and studied law. He moved to Mississippi and was admitted to the bar, commencing practice in Woodville, Mississippi. He served as a brigadier general in the Mississippi Militia and was a member of the Mississippi Senate from 1835 to 1836. In 1838, Henderson was elected a Whig to the United States Senate, serving one full term, 1839 to 1845. There, he served as chairman of the Committee on Engrossed Bills in the 26th Congress, of the Post Office and Post Roads in the 27th Congress and of the Committee on Private Land Claims in the 27th Congress and 28th Congresses. Afterwards, Henderson resumed practicing law in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1851, he was tried in the United States District Court in New Orleans for violation of the neutrality laws of 1817 for complicity in expeditions conducted by Venezuelan filibuster Narciso Lopez to liberate Cuba from Spanish rule, however was acquitted. He retired from public life and died in Pass Christian, Mississippi on September 15, 1857. He was interred in Live Oak Cemetery in Pass Christian.", "Q816843": "The San Fernando Valley is an urbanized valley in Los Angeles County, California, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, defined by the mountains of the Transverse Ranges circling it. Home to 1.77 million people, it is north of the larger, more populous Los Angeles Basin.\nNearly two thirds of the valley's land area is part of the city of Los Angeles. The other incorporated cities in the valley are Glendale, Burbank, San Fernando, Hidden Hills, and Calabasas.", "Q2042487": "Ovidio Gabriel Assonitis (born January 18, 1943) is an Egyptian-born Greco-Italian entertainment executive, film producer, screenwriter, and director best known for his numerous B-horror films including Beyond the Door, Tentacles, The Visitor, and Piranha II: The Spawning.", "Q67194": "Adolph John I (German: Adolf Johann I., Swedish: Adolf Johan) (11 October 1629 \u2013 14 October 1689) was Count Palatine of Kleeburg from 1654 until 1689 and was considered Prince of Sweden until 1660. He was the younger brother of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden.", "Q388311": "He Ran All the Way is a 1951 American film noir crime drama directed by John Berry, starring John Garfield and Shelley Winters.The film was Garfield's last, as accusations of his involvement with the Communist Party and a refusal to name names while testifying before the HUAC led to his blacklisting in Hollywood. He died less than a year later, at age thirty-nine, from coronary thrombosis due to a blood clot blocking an artery in his heart.\nDuring the film's initial run, director John Berry and writers Dalton Trumbo and Hugo Butler were uncredited due to Hollywood blacklisting during the Red Scare.", "Q47244": "Einbeck is a town in the district Northeim, in southern Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located on the German Timber-Frame Road.", "Q206528": "Ryan Craig (born 9 January 1972) is a British playwright, whose plays usually probe both social norms and ethical issues. He is also a writer for screen, television and radio.\nCraig is best known for his plays What We Did To Weinstein (Menier Chocolate Factory, London, 2005), which earned him a Most Promising Playwright Nomination at the Evening Standard Theatre Awards; The Glass Room (Hampstead Theatre, 2006), which deals with Holocaust denial; and The Holy Rosenbergs (National Theatre, 2011); as well as for writing the English version of Tadeusz S\u0142obodzianek's Our Class (National Theatre, 2009). His most recent play is the semi-autobiographical Filthy Business (Hampstead Theatre, 2017).", "Q49269": "Ellen L. Ochoa (born May 10, 1958) is an American engineer, former astronaut and former director of the Johnson Space Center. In 1993 Ochoa became the first Hispanic woman to go to space when she served on a nine-day mission aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. Ochoa became director of the center upon the retirement of the previous director, Michael Coats, on December 31, 2012. She was the first Hispanic director and the second female director of Johnson Space Center.", "Q173669": "Wayne Weiler (December 9, 1934 in Phoenix, Arizona \u2013 October 13, 2005 in Phoenix, Arizona) was an American racecar driver.\nWeiler started as a dirt track driver in Arizona in 1951. He drove in the USAC Championship Car series from 1958 to 1961 with 19 starts. He finished in the top ten 10 times, with his best finish in 3rd position, in 1960 at Phoenix.\nWeiler competed in the Indianapolis 500 race in 1960 and 1961, with a best finish of 15th in 1961.\nWeiler retired from USAC driving following a severe accident in a sprint car race in Terre Haute, Indiana on June 11, 1961. He remained active as an owner and manager in auto racing up until his death.\nWeiler died at age 70 from a heart attack.\n\n", "Q26876": "Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. She is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage. At age 14, Swift became the youngest artist signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house and, at age 15, she signed her first record deal. Her 2006 eponymous debut album was the longest-charting album of the 2000s in the US. Its third single, \"Our Song\", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. Swift's second album, Fearless, was released in 2008. Buoyed by the pop crossover success of the singles \"Love Story\" and \"You Belong with Me\", it became the US' best-selling album of 2009 and was certified diamond in the US. The album won four Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year.\nSwift was the sole writer of her 2010 album Speak Now, which won two Grammy Awards and was her first to debut with over a million copies sold in the first week in the US. Her fourth album, Red (2012), yielded her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one single, \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\". For her fifth album and first all-pop project, 1989 (2014), she won three Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year, and became the first woman to replace herself at number one on the Hot 100, with the singles \"Shake It Off\" and \"Blank Space\". Her sixth album, Reputation (2017), made her the only act to have four consecutive albums each sell one million copies in their first week in the US, while yielding her fifth Hot 100 number-one song, with \"Look What You Made Me Do\". With her seventh album, Lover (2019), she became the first woman in US history to have six albums sell over 500,000 units in their first week.\nHaving sold more than 50 million albums\u2014including 37 million in the US, Swift is one of the world's best-selling music artists and the highest-earning female musician of the 2010s. She has won 10 Grammy Awards, an Emmy Award, six Guinness world records and is the most-awarded act and woman at the American Music Awards (29 wins) and Billboard Music Awards (23 wins), respectively. As a songwriter, Swift has been honored by the Songwriters Hall of Fame and was included in Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time list in 2015. She appeared in Time's list of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2010, 2015 and 2019, and was ranked first in the Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2016 and 2019. She was honored with International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI)'s Global Recording Artist of the Year in 2014 and 2019. In 2019, Swift placed at number eight on Billboard's list of greatest artists of all time and was named the Woman of the Decade by the magazine and the Artist of the Decade by the American Music Awards.", "Q226820": "Samson and the Slave Queen (Italian: Zorro contro Maciste) is a 1963 Italian peplum directed by Umberto Lenzi. It was originally made as a Maciste film in Italy, in which the fabled strongman meets Zorro. It was redubbed into a \"Samson\" movie for distribution in the U.S. and \"Samson\" meets \"El Toro\" (instead of \"El Zorro\".)", "Q1618928": "Leon Ware (February 16, 1940 \u2013 February 23, 2017) was an American songwriter, producer, composer, and singer. Besides a solo career as a performer, Ware was best known for producing hits for other artists including Michael Jackson, Quincy Jones, Maxwell, Minnie Riperton and Marvin Gaye, co-producing the latter's album, I Want You.", "Q39956": "Iron Eagle is a 1986 military action film directed by Sidney J. Furie, co-written by Kevin Alyn Elders and starring Jason Gedrick and Louis Gossett Jr. While it received mixed reviews, being unfavorably compared to the similarly-themed Top Gun released the same year, the film earned $24,159,872 at the U.S. box office. Iron Eagle was followed by three sequels: Iron Eagle II, Aces: Iron Eagle III, and Iron Eagle on the Attack, with Gossett being the only actor to have appeared in all four films.\nThe basis of the fictional story in the film relates to real life attacks by the United States against Libya over the Gulf of Sidra, in particular the 1981 Gulf of Sidra incident.", "Q964219": "Fred McDowell (January 12, 1906 \u2013 July 3, 1972), known by his stage name Mississippi Fred McDowell, was an American hill country blues singer and guitar player.", "Q973765": "Georges Dor (March 10, 1931 \u2013 July 24, 2001) was a Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois author, composer, playwright, singer, poet, translator, and theatrical producer and director.", "Q314892": "Ciar\u00e1n Hinds (; born 9 February 1953) is an Irish actor. A versatile character actor, he has appeared in feature films such as The Sum of All Fears, Road to Perdition, Munich, There Will Be Blood, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2, Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, Frozen, Silence, Red Sparrow, Justice League, First Man, and Frozen II.\nHis television roles include Gaius Julius Caesar in the series Rome, DCI James Langton in Above Suspicion, and Mance Rayder in Game of Thrones. As a stage actor Hinds has enjoyed spells with the Royal Shakespeare Company, the Royal National Theatre in London, and six seasons with Glasgow Citizens' Theatre, and he has continued to work on stage throughout his career.", "Q77393": "Wolfgang Lukschy (19 October 1905 \u2013 10 July 1983 in Berlin) was a German actor and dubber. He performed in theater, film and television.\nHe made over 75 film and television appearances between 1940 and 1979. Possibly his most noted performances worldwide were his roles as Alfred Jodl in the 1962 American war film The Longest Day and as John Baxter in Sergio Leone's 1964 production A Fistful of Dollars alongside Clint Eastwood and Gian Maria Volont\u00e9.", "Q827452": "Esko Laine (born 1961 in Helsinki) is a professor of music at Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik \"Hanns Eisler\" in Berlin and principal double bassist for the Berlin Philharmonic.Laine began his musical career as a cellist but switched to the double bass. He had thirteen years of instruction from Jussi Javas at the Hyvink\u00e4\u00e4 Conservatoire, and he attended the Hotchkiss School in Lakeville, Connecticut, graduating in 1980. At the age of 18, Laine joined the Finnish National Opera Orchestra and appeared as soloist with the Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra. He continued his studies from 1982 to 1985 with G\u00fcnter Klaus at the Frankfurt Musikhochschule, with Franco Petracchi at the Conservatoire de Musique de Gen\u00e8ve, and at the Menuhin Academy in Gstaad.He became the first Finnish musician to obtain a post at the Berlin Philharmonic when he joined in 1986. Laine was a principal from 1999 to 2001 and again since 2008. He has won several international prizes such as Isle of Man, International Instrumental Competition Markneukirchen, and ARD International Music Competition.Laine plays a double bass made by Giuseppe Rocca in 1839.", "Q11016": "Technology (\"science of craft\", from Greek \u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7, techne, \"art, skill, cunning of hand\"; and -\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, -logia) is the sum of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation. Technology can be the knowledge of techniques, processes, and the like, or it can be embedded in machines to allow for operation without detailed knowledge of their workings. Systems (e.g. machines) applying technology by taking an input, changing it according to the system's use, and then producing an outcome are referred to as technology systems or technological systems.\nThe simplest form of technology is the development and use of basic tools. The prehistoric discovery of how to control fire and the later Neolithic Revolution increased the available sources of food, and the invention of the wheel helped humans to travel in and control their environment. Developments in historic times, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale.\nTechnology has many effects. It has helped develop more advanced economies (including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products known as pollution and deplete natural resources to the detriment of Earth's environment. Innovations have always influenced the values of a society and raised new questions in the ethics of technology. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, and the challenges of bioethics.\nPhilosophical debates have arisen over the use of technology, with disagreements over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar reactionary movements criticize the pervasiveness of technology, arguing that it harms the environment and alienates people; proponents of ideologies such as transhumanism and techno-progressivism view continued technological progress as beneficial to society and the human condition.", "Q211040": "Rose Arianna McGowan (born September 5, 1973) is an American actress, activist, model, and author. After her film debut in a brief role in the comedy Encino Man (1992), McGowan achieved wider recognition for her performance in Gregg Araki's dark comedy The Doom Generation (1995), receiving an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Debut Performance. She had her breakthrough in the horror film Scream (1996) and subsequently headlined the films Going All the Way (1997), Devil in the Flesh (1998) and Jawbreaker (1999).\nDuring the 2000s, McGowan became known to television audiences for her role as Paige Matthews in The WB and The CW, supernatural drama series Charmed (2001\u20132006), and starred in Robert Rodriguez and Quentin Tarantino's double-feature film Grindhouse (2007). She made her directorial debut with the short film Dawn (2014).\nA feminist activist, McGowan has released a memoir, Brave, and starred in the four-part documentary series Citizen Rose, both in 2018. She has been on the cover of numerous magazines, including Seventeen, Interview, Maxim, GQ, Entertainment Weekly, and Rolling Stone. In 2017, Time recognized McGowan as one of the Silence Breakers, the magazine's Person of the Year, for speaking out about sexual assault and harassment.", "Q673354": "The University of St. Gallen (German: Universit\u00e4t St. Gallen) is a research university located in St. Gallen, Switzerland. Established in 1898, it specialises in business administration, economics, law, and international affairs. It is known as HSG, an abbreviation of its former German name Handels-Hochschule St. Gallen. In 2016, it had 8,337 students, of which 3,097 were master's students and 675 doctoral students. According to international rankings, the university is considered among the world's leading business schools.\nAlthough one of Switzerland's smallest universities, HSG has Switzerland's largest faculty for business administration. HSG also has among the most billionaire alumni in the world (see List of universities by number of billionaire alumni). It is a member of the CEMS and APSIA and is EQUIS, AACSB and AMBA accredited (triple crown). Its campus is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.", "Q186384": "John Martin Scurti is an American actor.\nScurti attended Fordham University, where he received a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts. One of his early major film roles was The Ref in 1994, in which he appeared with Denis Leary. He maintained a friendship with Leary, and in 2004 Leary asked him to play Lt. Ken Shea in the series Rescue Me. Scurti played Shea for all seven seasons of the show, and also contributed as a writer.\nThrough the 1990s and early 2000s, Scurti worked mainly in television, landing small roles on episodes of shows such as Murphy Brown, Baywatch Nights, Spin City, Sex and the City, The $treet, Law & Order, Ed, and Monk. He appeared in two episodes of Marvel's Luke Cage, and in 2018 played a recurring character in the Netflix series The Good Cop.", "Q726369": "Hank Ballard (born John Henry Kendricks; November 18, 1927 \u2013 March 2, 2003) was a rhythm and blues singer and songwriter, the lead vocalist of The Midnighters and one of the first rock and roll artists to emerge in the early 1950s. He played an integral part in the development of the genre, releasing the hit singles \"Work With Me, Annie\" and answer songs \"Annie Had a Baby\" and \"Annie's Aunt Fannie\" with his Midnighters. He later wrote and originally recorded (in 1959) \"The Twist\" which was notably covered a year later by Chubby Checker, this second version spreading the popularity of the dance. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990.\n\n", "Q51432": "Gniezno ([\u02c8\u0261\u0272ezn\u0254] (listen); German: Gnesen) is a city in central-western Poland, about 50 kilometres (31 miles) east of Pozna\u0144, with 68,943 inhabitants making it the sixth-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. One of the Piast dynasty's chief cities, it was the first historical capital of Poland in the 10th century and early 11th century, it was mentioned in 10th-century sources, possibly including the Dagome Iudex, as the capital of Piast Poland. The Roman Catholic archbishop of Gniezno is the primate of Poland, making it the country's ecclesiastical capital. It has belonged since 1999 to the Greater Poland Voivodeship, and is the administrative seat of Gniezno County (powiat).", "Q3296221": "Mary O'Shiell (1715- d. after 1745), was a French-Irish businessperson. She is a known figure in the history of Nantes, alongside her sisters Agn\u00e9s O'Shiell and Anne O'Shiell.", "Q38484": "Romano Prodi (Italian: [ro\u02c8ma\u02d0no \u02c8pr\u0254\u02d0di] (listen); born 9 August 1939) is an Italian politician who served as the 10th President of the European Commission from 1999 to 2004. He served twice as Prime Minister of Italy, first from 17 May 1996 to 21 October 1998 and then from 17 May 2006 to 8 May 2008. He is considered the founder of the Italian centre-left and one of the most prominent and iconic figures of the so-called Second Republic. Prodi is often nicknamed Il Professore (\"The Professor\") due to his academic career.A former professor of economics and international advisor to Goldman Sachs, Prodi ran in 1996 as lead candidate of The Olive Tree coalition, winning the general election and serving as Prime Minister of Italy until 1998. Following the victory of his coalition The Union over the House of Freedoms led by Silvio Berlusconi in the April 2006 Italian elections, Prodi took power again. On 24 January 2008, he lost a vote of confidence in the Senate house and consequently tendered his resignation as Prime Minister to Italian President Giorgio Napolitano, but he continued in office for almost four months for routine business, until early elections were held and a new government was formed. Until now, he is the first progressive candidate to ever come first at legislative elections since 1921 and to manage to form a government without the need of opponents' parliamentary support.\nOn 14 October 2007, Prodi became the first President of the Democratic Party upon foundation of the party. On 12 September 2008, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon selected Prodi as president of the African Union\u2013United Nations peacekeeping panel. He is currently serving as the United Nations Special Envoy for the Sahel.", "Q560390": "Ivan Olbracht, born Kamil Zeman (6 January 1882, Semily, Bohemia \u2013 20 December 1952, Prague) was a Czech writer, journalist and translator of German prose.\n\n", "Q380981": "Tropic Thunder is a 2008 satirical action comedy film directed by Ben Stiller. It stars Stiller, Jack Black, Robert Downey Jr., Jay Baruchel, and Brandon T. Jackson as a group of prima donna actors who are making a Vietnam War film. When their frustrated director (played by Steve Coogan) drops them in the middle of a jungle, they are forced to rely on their acting skills to survive the real action and danger. The screenplay by Justin Theroux, Stiller, and Etan Cohen was from a story by Stiller and Theroux. The film was produced by Stuart Cornfeld, Stiller, and Eric McLeod for Red Hour Productions and DreamWorks Pictures as an international co-production between the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom.\nStiller's idea for the film originated while playing a minor role in Empire of the Sun, and he later enlisted Theroux and Cohen to help complete the script. After the film was green-lit in 2006, filming took place in 2007 on the Hawaiian island of Kaua'i over thirteen weeks and was later deemed the largest film production in the island's history. The film had an extensive marketing promotion, including faux websites for the three main characters and their fictional films, airing a fictional television special, and selling the energy drink advertised in the film, \"Booty Sweat\".\nThe film received generally positive reviews, with critics praising the film's characters, story, faux trailers, and the performances of Stiller, Downey, Black and Tom Cruise, though the depiction of the mentally handicapped and usage of blackface makeup were seen as controversial. The film's soundtrack and score debuted on August 5, 2008, before the film's theatrical release. Paramount Pictures and DreamWorks released the film in the US on August 13, 2008. In its North American opening weekend, the film earned $26 million and retained the number one position for the first three weekends of release. Downey was nominated for an Academy Award, BAFTA Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award, with both him and Cruise receiving nominations for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture. The film grossed more than $188 million worldwide before its release on home video on November 18, 2008.", "Q566939": "Annie Gallup is an American singer-songwriter. \nThe daughter of a woodworking father and a screenprinting mother, Gallup studied modern dance and ballet as she grew up in Ann Arbor, Michigan. She graduated with an art degree from the University of Michigan School of Art before moving to Kentucky, Washington State, North Carolina and Massachusetts. She lives currently in Santa Barbara, California. \nBefore her initial public performance in 1988, Gallup worked as a cook on a yacht, a designer of wedding rings, and a massage therapist.Gallup has ten CDs of original songs as a solo artist, and five with Peter Gallway as the duo Hat Check Girl. She was awarded an ArtServe Michigan/Michigan Council of the Arts and Cultural Affairs project grant in 2001 to create and perform her theater piece Stay Me With Flagons\"The CD Pearl Street, a collection of linked-narrative songs, was adapted from another theater piece, originally called Skinny Arms. She is a Kerville New Folk winner (2002) and Napa Valley Music Festival winner (1999).\nHer song \"Circle\" was covered by Chuck Brodsky on his album Radio. She covered Rachel Bissex's song \"Angel\" on the tribute-record Remembering Rachel: Songs Of Rachel Bissex (2005).\nGallup and Gallway were married on March 1, 2014.", "Q1166707": "Darry Cowl (born Andr\u00e9 Darricau; 27 August 1925 \u2013 14 February 2006) was a French actor and musician. He won a C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in 2004 for his role as a concierge in Pas sur la bouche (Not on the lips), which was his last appearance.\nHe was born in Vittel and came to prominence when he was cast by Sacha Guitry in Assassins et voleurs (1956) (Assassins and Robbers). Following this he turned to acting in cinema roles and soon gained celebrity status with his role as Antoine P\u00e9ralou in Le Triporteur (1957) (The Tricycle).\nA game addict, he often acted only for money in films that did not stretch his acting ability. He explained this by noting he did not read the script (or, on occasion, know the title) of the work in which he was to act.\nHe played Major Archibald in the 1974 film Don't Touch the White Woman!.\nHe had hoped to return to theatre acting in Hold Up in September 2005 but ill-health prevented this. At age 80, he died in Neuilly-sur-Seine from complications of lung cancer.", "Q2440073": "Ferdinand de Mee\u00fbs (1798\u20131861) was a Belgian banker, businessman and politician.", "Q41621": "Haifa (Hebrew: \u05d7\u05b5\u05d9\u05e4\u05b8\u05d4 \u1e24efa [\u03c7e\u02c8fa]; Arabic: \u062d\u064a\u0641\u0627\u200e \u1e24ayfa) is the third-largest city in Israel \u2013 after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv \u2013 with a population of 283,640 in 2018. The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the second- or third-most populous metropolitan area in Israel. It is home to the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed World Centre, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a destination for Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed pilgrims.Built on the slopes of Mount Carmel, the settlement has a history spanning more than 3,000 years. The earliest known settlement in the vicinity was Tell Abu Hawam, a small port city established in the Late Bronze Age (14th century BCE). In the 3rd century CE, Haifa was known as a dye-making center. Over the millennia, the Haifa area has changed hands: being conquered and ruled by the Canaanites, Israelites, Phoenicians, Persians, Hasmoneans, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Crusaders, Ottomans, and the British. Since the establishment of the Israeli state in 1948, the Haifa Municipality has governed the city.\nAs of 2016, the city is a major seaport located on Israel's Mediterranean coastline in the Bay of Haifa covering 63.7 square kilometres (24.6 sq mi). It lies about 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Tel Aviv and is the major regional center of northern Israel. According to researcher Jonathan Kis-Lev, Haifa is considered a relative haven for coexistence between Jews and Arabs. Two respected academic institutions, the University of Haifa and the Technion, are located in Haifa, in addition to the largest K\u201312 school in Israel, the Hebrew Reali School. The city plays an important role in Israel's economy. It is home to Matam, one of the oldest and largest high-tech parks in the country; Haifa also owns the only underground rapid transit system located in Israel, known as the Carmelit. Haifa Bay is a center of heavy industry, petroleum refining and chemical processing. Haifa formerly functioned as the western terminus of an oil pipeline from Iraq via Jordan.", "Q95316": "Ludger Pistor (born 16 March 1959) is a German actor born in Recklinghausen.", "Q662259": "Tartar is a former municipality in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Portein, Pr\u00e4z, Sarn and Tartar merged into the municipality of Cazis.", "Q633770": "Archie Bell & the Drells was an American R&B vocal group from Houston, Texas, and one of the main acts on Kenneth Gamble and Leon Huff's Philadelphia International Records. The band's hits include \"Tighten Up\", \"I Can't Stop Dancing\" (both 1968), \"There's Gonna Be A Showdown\", \"Girl You're Too Young\" (1969), \"Here I Go Again\" (also a UK hit in 1972), \"Soul City Walk\" (1975), \"Let's Groove\", \"Everybody Have A Good Time\" (1977), and \"Don't Let Love Get You Down\" (1976).", "Q214138": "Walter Trier (25 June 1890, Prague \u2013 8 July 1951 Craigleith, near Collingwood, Ontario, Canada) was an illustrator, best known for his work for the children's books of Erich K\u00e4stner and the covers of the magazine Lilliput.", "Q160167": "Der St\u00fcrmer (pronounced [de\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u02c8\u0283t\u028f\u0281m\u0250], literally \"The Stormer / Attacker / Striker\") was a weekly German tabloid-format newspaper published from 1923 to the end of World War II by Julius Streicher, the Gauleiter of Franconia, with brief suspensions in publication due to legal difficulties. It was a significant part of Nazi propaganda, and was virulently antisemitic. The paper was not an official publication of the Nazi Party, but was published privately by Streicher. For this reason, the paper did not display the Nazi Party swastika in its logo.\nThe paper was a very lucrative business for Streicher, and made him a multi-millionaire. The newspaper originated at Nuremberg during Adolf Hitler's attempt to establish power and control. The first copy of Der St\u00fcrmer was published on 20 April 1923. Der St\u00fcrmer's circulation grew over time, distributing to a large percentage of the German population, as well as Argentina, Brazil, Canada, and the United States. The newspaper reached a peak circulation of 486,000 in 1937.Unlike the V\u00f6lkischer Beobachter (The V\u00f6lkisch Observer), the official party paper which gave itself an outwardly serious appearance, Der St\u00fcrmer often ran obscene material such as the blood libel and graphic caricatures of Jews, as well as sexually explicit, anti-Catholic, anti-Communist, and anti-monarchist propaganda. As early as 1933, Streicher was calling for the extermination of the Jews in Der St\u00fcrmer. During the war, Streicher regularly authorized articles demanding the annihilation and extermination of the Jewish race. After the war, Streicher was convicted of being an accessory for crimes against humanity, and was executed by hanging.", "Q65797": "Sirnach is a municipality in the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q202982": "Queen of the Damned is a 2002 horror film directed by Michael Rymer, loosely based on the third novel of Anne Rice's The Vampire Chronicles series, The Queen of the Damned, although the film contains many plot elements from the novel's predecessor The Vampire Lestat. It stars Aaliyah in the title role as the vampire queen Akasha and Stuart Townsend as the vampire Lestat.\nThis is Aaliyah's final film completed before her death on August 25, 2001. The film was released on February 22, 2002, in the United States and on April 4, 2002, in Australia. It received generally negative reviews from critics but was a moderate box office success.", "Q317343": "Chiwetel Umeadi Ejiofor ( CHOO-\u0259-tel EJ-ee-oh-for; born 10 July 1977) is a British actor. After enrolling at the National Youth Theatre in 1995 and attending the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, at age 19 and three months into his course, Ejiofor was cast by Steven Spielberg to play a supporting role in the film Amistad (1997) as James Covey.Ejiofor portrayed the characters Okwe in Dirty Pretty Things (2002), Lola in Kinky Boots (2005), The Operative in Serenity (2005), Adrian Helmsley in 2012 (2009), Solomon Northup in 12 Years a Slave (2013), Vincent Kapoor in The Martian (2015), Karl Mordo in Doctor Strange (2016), Dr. Watson in Sherlock Gnomes (2018) and Trywell Kamkwamba in The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind (2019). He voiced Scar in the 2019 remake of The Lion King and featured in the fantasy film Maleficent: Mistress of Evil. For 12 Years a Slave, he received Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations, along with the BAFTA Award for Best Actor. He was nominated for a 2014 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie for his performance on Dancing on the Edge.Ejiofor has received numerous awards and nominations for acting, including the BAFTA Orange Rising Star Award in 2006, two Golden Globe Award nominations, and the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor for his performance in Othello in 2008. In 2008, he was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II for services to the arts. He was elevated to Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2015 Birthday Honours.", "Q166516": "Gordon Miller Buehrig (B-yur-rig) (June 18, 1904 \u2013 January 22, 1990) was an automobile designer. Born in Mason City, Illinois, he had early design experience with Packard, General Motors and Stutz. In 1929, he was responsible for designing the bodies (built by Weymann) of the Stutz Black Hawks entered at Le Mans. At age 25 he became chief body designer for Duesenberg, where he designed the Model J. He joined the Auburn Automobile Company of Auburn, Indiana in 1934, producing the famous 1935 851 Boattail Speedster, based on the work of Alan Leamy . (A kit copy of this car was driven by the title faceman on NBC's \"Remington Steele\".) He also designed the distinctive Cord 810/812, the latter recognized for its originality by the Museum of Modern Art in 1951.\nIn 1949, Buehrig joined Ford, where his projects included the 1951 Victoria Coupe and the 1956 Continental Mark II. He invented the removable T-top, patented 5 June 1951, which was used in the aborted TASCO sports car.Retiring from Ford in 1965, Buehrig taught for five years at the Art Center College of Design in California. In 1979, he produced the design for the Buehrig motor car, a limited-production carriage roof coupe.\nBuehrig died in Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan, on January 22, 1990, at the age of 85. His cremated remains are buried in Roselawn Cemetery in Auburn.\nHe was one of 25 candidates for Car Designer of the Century, an international award given in 1999 to honor the most influential automobile designer of the 20th century. It was won by Giorgetto Giugiaro.\nBuehrig was honored by the Scarab Club in Detroit, an artists' club with a show of his work and asking him to sign the beam in the banquet hall. During that event he revealed that one of his favorite vehicles was the Duesenberg 20 Grand, which was developed for the Chicago World's Fair of 1933 along with three other vehicles. Buehrig had read Le Corbusier's Toward an Architecture and was deeply inspired by it. Buehrig's work also led to front-wheel-drive Oldsmobile cars and also inspired a Chrysler vehicle with its hood design.He was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1989.", "Q44759": "C\u00f3rdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8ko\u027e\u00f0o\u03b2a]) is a province of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Neighboring provinces are (clockwise from the north): Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja and Catamarca. Together with Santa Fe and Entre R\u00edos, the province is part of the economic and political association known as the Center Region.\nC\u00f3rdoba is the second most populous Argentine province, with 3,308,876 inhabitants, and the fifth by size, at about 165,321 km2 (63,831 sq mi). Almost 41% of its inhabitants reside in the capital city, C\u00f3rdoba, and its surroundings, making it the second most populous metro area in Argentina.", "Q2425827": "Sergei Nikitich Kovalev (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0451\u0432; 15 August 1919, Petrograd \u2013 24 February 2011, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian engineer and an architect who designed the nuclear submarines for the Soviet Navy while leading the Rubin Bureau.", "Q212549": "Louis Charles Augustin Georges Trenet (French: [\u0283a\u0281l t\u0281\u0259ne]; 18 May 1913 \u2013 19 February 2001) was a French singer-songwriter, who composed both the music and the lyrics to nearly a thousand songs, which he sang to the exclusion of any others. These include \"La Mer\", \"Boum!\" and \"Y'a d'la joie\", and supported a career that lasted well over sixty years, despite periodic 'retirements'. His act was characterised by a jaunty air, touched with eccentricity, and he was sometimes known as the singing madman or the singing vagabond.", "Q64489": "(Johann Jakob) Wilhelm Heinse (16 February 1746, Langewiesen, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen \u2013 22 June 1803), German author, was born at Langewiesen in Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (now in Thuringia).\nAfter attending grammar school at Schleusingen he studied law at Jena and Erfurt. In Erfurt he became acquainted with Wieland and through him with \"Father\" Gleim who in 1772 procured him the post of tutor in a family at Quedlinburg.\nIn 1774 he went to D\u00fcsseldorf, where he assisted the poet JG Jacobi to edit the periodical Iris. Here the famous picture gallery inspired him with a passion for art, to the study of which he devoted himself with so much zeal and insight that Jacobi furnished him with funds for a stay in Italy, where he remained for three years (1780-1783).\nHe returned to D\u00fcsseldorf in 1784, and in 1786 was appointed reader to the elector Frederick Charles Joseph, archbishop of Mainz, who subsequently made him his librarian at Aschaffenburg, where he died.\nThe work upon which Heinse's fame mainly rests is Ardinghello und die gl\u00fcckseligen Inseln (1787), a novel which forms the framework for the exposition of his views on art and life, the plot being laid in the Italy of the 16th century. This and his other novels Laidion, oder die eleusinischen Geheimnisse (1774) and Hildegard von Hohenthal (1796) combine the frank voluptuousness of Wieland with the enthusiasm of the \"Sturm und Drang.\" Both as novelist and art critic, Heinse had considerable influence on the romantic school.", "Q121885": "Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe (5 December 1924 \u2013 27 February 1978) was a prominent South African political dissident and teacher, who founded the Pan Africanist Congress in opposition to the South African apartheid system. In 2004, Sobukwe was voted 42nd in the SABC3's Great South Africans. \nDuring his lifetime, Sobukwe was considered to be so dangerous by the National Party government that its parliament enacted the \"Sobukwe clause\", a statute which on its face seemed to grant broadly applicable powers, but was specifically intended to authorise the arbitrary extension of Sobukwe's imprisonment.\n\n", "Q8312": "Nicholas Meyer (born December 24, 1945) is an American writer and director, known for his best-selling novel The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, and for directing the films Time After Time, two of the Star Trek feature film series, the 1983 television film The Day After, and the 1999 HBO original film Vendetta.\nMeyer was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for the film The Seven-Per-Cent Solution (1976), where he adapted his own novel into a screenplay. He has also been nominated for a Satellite Award, three Emmy Awards, and has won four Saturn Awards. He appeared as himself during the 2017 On Cinema spinoff series The Trial, during which he testified about Star Trek and San Francisco.", "Q881295": "Charles Edison (August 3, 1890 \u2013 July 31, 1969) was an American politician, businessman, inventor and animal behaviorist. He was the Assistant and then United States Secretary of the Navy, and served as the 42nd Governor of New Jersey. Commonly known as \"Lord Edison\", he was a son of Thomas Edison and Mina Miller Edison.", "Q288477": "\u00c9ric Justin L\u00e9on Zemmour (born 31 August 1958) is a French essayist, political journalist and writer. His anti-liberal and anti-immigration positions, as well as the numerous controversies he has been involved in, are notorious in his homeland. With the publication of The French Suicide (French: Le Suicide fran\u00e7ais) in 2014, a book for which he was awarded the Prix Combourg-Chateaubriand the following year, he gained popularity outside of France. He also received the Prix Richelieu in 2011 for the whole of his career as a journalist.\nBorn in Montreuil, he studied at Sciences Po. He was hired by Le Quotidien de Paris in 1986, before working as a reporter for Le Figaro from 1996 until 2009 and has since had a column in Le Figaro Magazine. Zemmour has appeared as a television personality on shows such as On n'est pas couch\u00e9 on France 2\n(2006\u20132011), \u00c7a se dispute on I-T\u00e9l\u00e9 (2003\u20132014) and Face \u00e0 l'Info on CNews (since 2019). He has also appeared on Zemmour et Naulleau since 2011, a weekly evening talk show on Paris Premi\u00e8re, together with \u00c9ric Naulleau. He worked for RTL from 2010 until 2019, first hosting the radio show Z comme Zemmour and later joining Yves Calvi's morning news show as an analyst.", "Q7021": "B\u00fcnde [\u02c8b\u028fnd\u0259] (Low German Buine) is a town in the Herford district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.", "Q357001": "Bruce MacLeish Dern (born June 4, 1936) is an American actor, often playing supporting villainous characters of unstable nature. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Coming Home (1978) and the Academy Award for Best Actor for Nebraska (2013). His other major film appearances include The Cowboys (1972), Posse (1975), Family Plot (1976), Black Sunday (1977), Tattoo (1981), Monster (2003), The Hateful Eight (2015), and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019).", "Q262910": "Katherine Soucie () is an American actress and voice actress known for playing Linka in Captain Planet and the Planeteers, Lola Bunny in Space Jam, Fifi La Fume in Tiny Toon Adventures, Bea in Mighty Max, Dexter's Mom in Dexter's Laboratory, Maddie Fenton in Danny Phantom, Phil, Lil and Betty DeVille in Rugrats, Sally Acorn in Sonic the Hedgehog, Kat Harvey in The Spooktacular New Adventures of Casper, Morgana Macawber in Darkwing Duck, and Kanga in the Winnie the Pooh franchise.", "Q7747": "Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0443\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043d, romanized: Vladimir Vladimirovi\u010d Putin, Russian pronunciation: [v\u026b\u0250\u02c8d\u02b2im\u02b2\u026ar v\u026b\u0250\u02c8d\u02b2im\u02b2\u026ar\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8put\u02b2\u026an]; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician who has served as the President of Russia since 2012, previously holding the position from 1999 until 2008. He was also the Prime Minister of Russia from 1999 to 2000 and again from 2008 to 2012.\nPutin was born in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) and studied law at Leningrad State University, graduating in 1975. Putin worked as a KGB foreign intelligence officer for 16 years, rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, before resigning in 1991 to begin a political career in Saint Petersburg. He later moved to Moscow in 1996 to join the administration of President Boris Yeltsin, serving first as Director of the Federal Security Service (FSB), the KGB's successor agency, before being appointed as prime minister in August 1999. After the resignation of Yeltsin, Putin was elected in 2000 to succeed him.\nDuring his first tenure as president, the Russian economy grew for eight straight years, with GDP measured by purchasing power increasing by 72%. The growth was a result of the 2000s commodities boom, recovery from the post-Communist depression and financial crises, and prudent economic and fiscal policies. After serving as prime minister under Dmitry Medvedev from 2008 to 2012, Putin announced he would seek a third term as president and won the March 2012 election with 64% of the vote. Falling oil prices coupled with international sanctions imposed at the beginning of 2014 after Russia's annexation of Crimea and military intervention in Eastern Ukraine led to GDP shrinking by 3.7% in 2015, though the Russian economy rebounded in 2016 with 0.3% GDP growth, and the recession officially ended. Putin gained 76% of the March 2018 election vote and was re-elected for a six-year term that will end in 2024.\nUnder Putin's leadership, Russia has experienced democratic backsliding. Experts do not generally consider Russia to be a democracy, citing purges and jailing of political opponents, curtailed press freedom, and the lack of free and fair elections. Russia has scored poorly on Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index, the Economist Intelligence Unit's Democracy Index and Freedom House's Freedom in the World index (including a record low 20/100 rating in the 2017 Freedom in the World report, a rating not given since the time of the Soviet Union). Human rights organizations and activists have accused Putin of persecuting political critics and activists as well as ordering them tortured or assassinated; he has rejected accusations of human rights abuses. Officials of the United States government have accused him of leading an interference program against Hillary Clinton in support of Donald Trump during the U.S. presidential election in 2016, an allegation which both Trump and Putin have frequently denied and criticized.", "Q97267": "Carl Blumenreuter (16 November 1881 \u2013 11 July 1969) was a German chemist and politician during the Nazi era. He served as SS Chief Pharmacist for the Nazi Party (NSDAP).Blumenreuter studied the Nahrungsmittelchemie. He received special training in World War I for gas warfare at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for physical chemistry and electrochemistry in Berlin. In 1935 he joined the paramilitary combat organization of the Nazi party, the SA, and in 1937 the Nazi party.\nIn 1936, he was in the Sanit\u00e4tsabteilung of the SS death's head associations and built up the Sanit\u00e4tsversorgung. In 1937, he was head of the chemical pharmacological service of the SS Sanit\u00e4tsamtes. Most recently, he was promoted to SS-Gruppenf\u00fchrer. In August 1943, the Department was placed under the Reich physician SS and he received the title of Sanit\u00e4tszeugmeister. This agency supplied the concentration camps with poisons. After the second world war he was interned; He was released but already in 1946 from the Neuengamme camp again. He then lived in Gr\u00f6mitz in Holstein and afterwards led a hospital pharmacy.", "Q2143941": "Renfrey Burnard (Ren) Potts AO (1925\u20132005) was an Australian mathematician and is notable for the Potts model and his achievements in: operations research, especially networks; transportation science, car-following and road traffic; Ising-type models in mathematical physics; difference equations; and robotics. He was interested in computing from the early days of the computing revolution and oversaw the first computer purchases at the University of Adelaide.", "Q62946": "Richard Thomalla pron. (23 October 1903 \u2013 12 May 1945) was a war criminal and SS commander of Nazi Germany. A civil engineer by profession, he was head of the SS Central Building Administration at Lublin reservation in occupied Poland. Thomalla was in charge of construction for the Operation Reinhard death camps Be\u0142\u017cec, Sobibor and Treblinka during the Holocaust in Poland.", "Q3849085": "Mario G. Salvadori (March 19, 1907 \u2013 June 25, 1997) was a structural engineer and professor of both civil engineering and architecture at Columbia University.\n\n", "Q321197": "Cieszyn (Polish: [\u02c8t\u0255\u025b\u0282\u0268n] (listen); Czech: T\u011b\u0161\u00edn [\u02c8c\u025b\u0283i\u02d0n] (listen); German: Teschen; Latin: Tessin) is a border town in southern Poland on the east bank of the Olza River, and the administrative seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship. The town has 34,513 inhabitants (as of 2019), and lies opposite \u010cesk\u00fd T\u011b\u0161\u00edn in the Czech Republic's Karvin\u00e1 District, Moravian-Silesian Region. Both towns belonged to the historical region of Austrian Silesia and formerly as one town composed the capital of the region of Cieszyn Silesia.", "Q141817": "German Americans (German: Deutschamerikaner, pronounced [\u02c8d\u0254\u028f\u032ft\u0283\u0294ame\u0281i\u02ccka\u02d0n\u0250]) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry. With an estimated size of approximately 44 million in 2016, German Americans are the largest of the self-reported ancestry groups by the US Census Bureau in its American Community Survey. German-Americans account for about one third of the total ethnic German population in the world.None of the German states had American colonies. In the 1670s, the first significant groups of German immigrants arrived in the British colonies, settling primarily in Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia. Immigration continued in very large numbers during the 19th century, with eight million arrivals from Germany. Between 1820 and 1870, more than seven and a half million German immigrants came to the United States. By 2010, their population grew to 49.8 million German Americans, reflecting a jump of six million people since 2000.\nThere is a \"German belt\" that extends all the way across the United States, from eastern Pennsylvania to the Oregon coast. Pennsylvania has the largest population of German-Americans in the U.S. and is home to one of the group's original settlements, Germantown (Philadelphia), founded in 1683 and the birthplace of the American antislavery movement in 1688, as well as the revolutionary Battle of Germantown. The state of Pennsylvania has 3.5 million people of German ancestry.\nThey were pulled by the attractions of land and religious freedom, and pushed out of Germany by shortages of land and religious or political oppression. Many arrived seeking religious or political freedom, others for economic opportunities greater than those in Europe, and others for the chance to start fresh in the New World. The arrivals before 1850 were mostly farmers who sought out the most productive land, where their intensive farming techniques would pay off. After 1840, many came to cities, where \"Germania\"\u2014German-speaking districts\u2014soon emerged.German Americans established the first kindergartens in the United States, introduced the Christmas tree tradition, and introduced popular foods such as hot dogs and hamburgers to America.The great majority of people with some German ancestry have become Americanized; fewer than 5% speak German. German-American societies abound, as do celebrations that are held throughout the country to celebrate German heritage of which the German-American Steuben Parade in New York City is one of the most well-known and is held every third Saturday in September. Oktoberfest celebrations and the German-American Day are popular festivities. There are major annual events in cities with German heritage including Chicago, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Pittsburgh, San Antonio, and St. Louis.", "Q45321": "Harald Lesch (born 28 July 1960 in Gie\u00dfen, Hesse) is a German physicist, astronomer, natural philosopher, author, television presenter, professor of physics at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) and professor of natural philosophy at the Munich University of Philosophy.", "Q242418": "Janel Parrish Long (born October 30, 1988) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for playing Mona Vanderwaal on the Freeform mystery drama series Pretty Little Liars and spin-off Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists. She is also known for portraying Young Cosette in the Broadway production of Les Mis\u00e9rables (1996), and Jade in the teen comedy film Bratz (2007). In 2014, Parrish participated in the 19th season of Dancing with the Stars, taking third place. She also appeared in the 2018 Netflix film To All the Boys I've Loved Before.", "Q4120832": "K\u00f6nigsberg (UK: , US: , German: [\u02c8k\u00f8\u02d0n\u026a\u00e7s\u02ccb\u025b\u0281k] (listen)) is the name for the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Originally a Sambian or Old Prussian settlement, it then belonged to the State of the Teutonic Order, the Duchy of Prussia, the Kingdom of Prussia, the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, and Nazi Germany. After being largely destroyed in World War II by Allied bombing and the Red Army, it was annexed by the Soviet Union and its surviving inhabitants forcibly expelled. Thereafter, the city was renamed Kaliningrad. Few traces of the former K\u00f6nigsberg remain today.\nThe literal meaning of K\u00f6nigsberg is 'King\u2019s Hill'. In the local Low German dialect, spoken by many of its former German inhabitants, the name was Kenigsbarg (pronounced [\u02c8k\u02b0e\u02d0n\u026a\u00e7sbar\u00e7]). Further names included Russian: \u041a\u0451\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0441\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433, \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0446, tr. Kyonigsberg, Korolevets, Old Prussian: Kunnegsgarbs, Knigsberg, Lithuanian: Karaliau\u010dius, Polish: Kr\u00f3lewiec and Yiddish: \u05e7\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05d2\u05e1\u05d1\u05e2\u05e8\u05d2 Kenigsberg.\nK\u00f6nigsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement Twangste by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was named in honour of King Ottokar II of Bohemia. A Baltic port city, it successively became the capital of their monastic state, the Duchy of Prussia (1525\u20131701) and East Prussia. K\u00f6nigsberg remained the coronation city of the Prussian monarchy, though the capital was moved to Berlin in 1701.\nA university city, home of the Albertina University (founded in 1544), K\u00f6nigsberg developed into an important German intellectual and cultural centre, being the residence of Simon Dach, Immanuel Kant, K\u00e4the Kollwitz, E. T. A. Hoffmann, David Hilbert, Agnes Miegel, Hannah Arendt, Michael Wieck and others.\nBetween the thirteenth and the twentieth centuries, the inhabitants spoke predominantly German, but the multicultural city also had a profound influence upon the Lithuanian and Polish cultures. The city was a publishing centre of Lutheran literature, including the first Polish translation of the New Testament, printed in the city in 1551, the first book in the Lithuanian language and the first Lutheran catechism, both printed in K\u00f6nigsberg in 1547.\nK\u00f6nigsberg was the easternmost large city in Germany until World War II. The city was heavily damaged by Allied bombing in 1944 and during the Battle of K\u00f6nigsberg in 1945; it was then captured and annexed by the Soviet Union on 9 April 1945. Its German population was expelled, and the city was repopulated with Russians and others from the Soviet Union. Briefly Russified as Kyonigsberg (\u041a\u0451\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0441\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433), it was renamed \"Kaliningrad\" in 1946 in honour of Soviet leader Mikhail Kalinin. It is now the capital of Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast, an exclave bordered in the north by Lithuania and in the south by Poland.\nThere has been some discussion of the territory's current legal status, although this is now largely academic. The Potsdam Agreement of 1945 placed it provisionally under Soviet administration, as agreed by Winston Churchill and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. In the Final Settlement treaty of 1990, Germany renounced all claim to it.", "Q317425": "Abdur Rashid Kardar (1904\u20131989), was an Indian actor, director and producer. He is credited as establishing the film industry in the Bhati Gate locality of Lahore, British India (now in Pakistan).\n\n", "Q440054": "Ann Shoemaker (born Anne Dorothea Shoemaker; January 10, 1891 \u2013 September 18, 1978) was an American actress who appeared in 70 films and TV movies between 1928 and 1976. She portrayed Sara Roosevelt, mother of Franklin D. Roosevelt, in both the stage and film versions of Sunrise at Campobello.She was married to actor Henry Stephenson; the couple had a daughter.Shoemaker's Broadway credits include Half a Sixpence (1965), Sunrise at Campobello (1958), The Living Room (1954), Twilight Walk (1951), Dream Girl (1951), Woman Bites Dog (1946), The Rich Full Life (1945), Proof Thro' the Night (1942), Ah, Wilderness! (1941), Black Sheep (1932), The Silent Witness (1931), The Novice and the Duke (1929), Button, Button (1919), To-Night at 12 (1928), Speak Easy (1927), We All Do (1927), The Noose (1926), and The Great God Brown (1926).", "Q967062": "Leonard Rossiter (21 October 1926 \u2013 5 October 1984) was an English actor. He had a long career in the theatre but achieved his greatest fame for his television comedy roles, most notably starring as Rupert Rigsby in the ITV series Rising Damp from 1974 to 1980, and Reginald Perrin in the BBC's The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin from 1976 to 1979.\n\n", "Q4710572": "Albert Jean Amateau (April 20, 1889 \u2013 February 9, 1996) was a Turkish rabbi, businessman, lawyer and social activist.", "Q237087": "Fred Vargas is the pseudonym of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Audoin-Rouzeau (born 7 June 1957 in Paris), a French historian, archaeologist and novelist. \nAs a historian and archeologist, she is known for her work on the Black Death. Her crime fiction policiers (police procedurals) have won three International Dagger Awards from the Crime Writers Association, for three successive novels: in 2006, 2008 and 2009. She is the first author to achieve such an honour. In each case, her translator into English was Si\u00e2n Reynolds, who was also recognized by the international award.", "Q1204884": "John \"Iron-Mad\" Wilkinson (1728 \u2013 14 July 1808) was an English industrialist who pioneered the manufacture of cast iron and the use of cast-iron goods during the Industrial Revolution. He was the inventor of a precision boring machine that could bore cast iron cylinders, such as cannon barrels and those used in the steam engines of James Watt. His boring machine has been called the first machine tool. He also developed a blowing device for blast furnaces that allowed higher temperatures, increasing their efficiency.\n\n", "Q1015925": "Shangzhi (Chinese: \u5c1a\u5fd7; pinyin: Sh\u00e0ngzh\u00ec) is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. It is 127 kilometres (79 mi) away from central Harbin and has an area of approximately 9,000 km2 (3,500 sq mi). The city proper has a population of around 120,000, while the total administrative population is approximately 600,000 inhabitants. The most spacious county-level division of Harbin City, it borders Yanshou County to the north, Wuchang to the southwest, Acheng District to the northwest, and Bin County to the northwest, as well as the prefecture-level city of Mudanjiang to the southeast.\nThe city of Shangzhi was once called Zhuhe (\u73e0\u6cb3; Zh\u016bh\u00e9). It was developed during the Guangxu era in the late Qing dynasty, and was renamed to Shangzhi to commemorate the anti-Japanese war hero Zhao Shangzhi in 1946.\nThe most famous place in Shangzhi is the Yabuli (simplified Chinese: \u4e9a\u5e03\u529b; traditional Chinese: \u4e9e\u5e03\u529b; pinyin: Y\u00e0b\u00f9l\u00ec) Skiing Centre - Template:Cn inline\n\n", "Q71084": "The First French Empire, officially the French Empire (French: Empire Fran\u00e7ais; Latin: Imperium Francicum),Note 1 was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. Although France had already established an overseas colonial empire beginning in the 17th century, the French state had remained a kingdom under the Bourbons and a republic after the French Revolution. Historians refer to Napoleon's regime as the First Empire to distinguish it from the restorationist Second Empire (1852\u20131870) ruled by his nephew Napoleon III.\nOn 18 May 1804, Napoleon was granted the title Emperor of the French (L'Empereur des Fran\u00e7ais, pronounced [l\u0251\u0303.p\u0281\u0153\u0281 de f\u0281\u0251\u0303.s\u025b]) by the French S\u00e9nat (Senate) and was crowned on 2 December 1804, signifying the end of the French Consulate and of the French First Republic. The French Empire achieved military supremacy in mainland Europe through notable victories in the War of the Third Coalition against Austria, Prussia, Russia, and allied nations, notably at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805. French dominance was reaffirmed during the War of the Fourth Coalition, at the Battle of Jena\u2013Auerstedt in 1806 and the Battle of Friedland in 1807, before Napoleon's final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.\nA series of wars, known collectively as the Napoleonic Wars, extended French influence to much of Western Europe and into Poland. At its height in 1812, the French Empire had 130 departments, ruled over 70 million subjects, maintained an extensive military presence in Germany, Italy, Spain, and the Duchy of Warsaw, and counted Austria and Prussia as nominal allies. Early French victories exported many ideological features of the Revolution throughout Europe: the introduction of the Napoleonic Code throughout the continent increased legal equality, established jury systems and legalised divorce, and seigneurial dues and seigneurial justice were abolished, as were aristocratic privileges in all places except Poland. France's defeat in 1814 (and then again in 1815), marked the end of the Empire.", "Q267868": "Margaret Mazzantini (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8mar\u0261aret mattsan\u02c8ti\u02d0ni]; born 27 October 1961) is an Italian writer and actress. She became a film, television and stage actor, but is best known as a writer. Mazzantini began her acting career in 1980 starring in the cult horror classic Antropophagus, she has also appeared in television and theatre. As a successful writer her novels include Non ti muovere (Don't Move) which was adapted into a film of the same name and is directed by her husband Sergio Castellitto and stars Pen\u00e9lope Cruz. Her career as a writer and actress has earned her several awards and nominations including Campiello Awards, a Golden Ticket Award, and a Goya Award.\n\n", "Q209169": "Ferdinand Marie, Comte de Lesseps, GCSI (French: [d\u0259 les\u025bps]; 19 November 1805 \u2013 7 December 1894) was a French diplomat and later developer of the Suez Canal, which in 1869 joined the Mediterranean and Red Seas, substantially reducing sailing distances and times between Europe and East Asia.\nHe attempted to repeat this success with an effort to build a Panama Canal at sea level during the 1880s, but the project was devastated by epidemics of malaria and yellow fever in the area, as well as beset by financial problems, and the planned de Lesseps Panama Canal was never completed. Eventually, the project was bought out by the United States, which solved the medical problems and changed the design to a non-sea level canal with locks. It was completed in 1914.", "Q1939469": "Mitch Leigh (born Irwin Michnick; January 30, 1928 \u2013 March 16, 2014) was an American musical theatre composer and theatrical producer best known for the musical Man of La Mancha.", "Q236399": "Hope Davis (born March 23, 1964) is an American actress. She has starred in films such as About Schmidt (2002) and American Splendor (2003). For her role in the original Broadway production of God of Carnage in 2009, she received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Play. She has also received two Emmy Award nominations, for her 2009 television roles in the series In Treatment and in the film The Special Relationship. In 2016, she appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Captain America: Civil War as Tony Stark's mother Maria Stark.", "Q305021": "Bernard Joy (29 October 1911 \u2013 18 July 1984) was an English footballer and journalist. He is notable for being the last amateur player to play for the England national football team.", "Q293057": "Saskia Mulder (born 18 May 1973 in the Hague) is a Dutch film and television actress. She is the younger sister of model Karen Mulder.\n\n", "Q442643": "Simon Lehna Singh, (born 19 September 1964) is a British popular science author, theoretical and particle physicist whose works largely contain a strong mathematical element. His written works include Fermat's Last Theorem (in the United States titled Fermat's Enigma: The Epic Quest to Solve the World's Greatest Mathematical Problem), The Code Book (about cryptography and its history), Big Bang (about the Big Bang theory and the origins of the universe), Trick or Treatment? Alternative Medicine on Trial (about complementary and alternative medicine, co-written by Edzard Ernst) and The Simpsons and Their Mathematical Secrets (about mathematical ideas and theorems hidden in episodes of The Simpsons and Futurama). In 2012 Singh founded the Good Thinking Society.Singh has also produced documentaries and works for television to accompany his books, is a trustee of NESTA and the National Museum of Science and Industry, a patron of Humanists UK, founder of the Good Thinking Society, and co-founder of the Undergraduate Ambassadors Scheme.", "Q354508": "Le Sony'r Ra (born Herman Poole Blount, May 22, 1914 \u2013 May 30, 1993), better known as Sun Ra, was an American jazz composer, bandleader, piano and synthesizer player, and poet known for his experimental music, \"cosmic\" philosophy, prolific output, and theatrical performances. For much of his career, Ra led \"The Arkestra\", an ensemble with an ever-changing name and flexible line-up.\nBorn and raised in Alabama, Blount became involved in the Chicago jazz scene during the late 1940s. He soon abandoned his birth name, taking the name Le Sony'r Ra, shortened to Sun Ra (after Ra, the Egyptian God of the Sun). Claiming to be an alien from Saturn on a mission to preach peace, he developed a mythical persona and an idiosyncratic credo that made him a pioneer of Afrofuturism. Throughout his life he publicly denied ties to his prior identity.His widely eclectic and avant-garde music echoed the entire history of jazz, from ragtime and early New Orleans hot jazz, to swing music, bebop, free jazz and fusion. His compositions ranged from keyboard solos to works for big bands of over 30 musicians, along with electronic excursions, songs, chants, percussion pieces, and anthems. From the mid-1950s until his death, Ra led the musical collective The Arkestra (which featured artists such as Marshall Allen, John Gilmore and June Tyson throughout its various iterations). Its performances often included dancers and musicians dressed in elaborate, futuristic costumes inspired by ancient Egyptian attire and the Space Age. (Following Ra's illness-forced retirement in 1992, the band remained active as The Sun Ra Arkestra, and, as of 2018, continues performing under the leadership of veteran Ra sideman Marshall Allen.)Though his mainstream success was limited, Sun Ra was a prolific recording artist and frequent live performer, and remained influential throughout his life for his music and persona. He is now widely considered an innovator; among his distinctions are his pioneering work in free improvisation and modal jazz and his early use of electronic keyboards and synthesizers. Over the course of his career, he recorded dozens of singles and over one hundred full-length albums, comprising well over 1,000 songs, making him one of the most prolific recording artists of the 20th century.", "Q503623": "The Gold Coast was a British colony on the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa from 1867 to its independence as the nation of Ghana in 1957.\nThe first European explorers to arrive at the coast were the Portuguese in 1471. They encountered a variety of African kingdoms, some of which controlled substantial deposits of gold in the soil. In 1483, the Portuguese came to the continent for increased trade. They built the Castle of Elmina, the first European settlement on the Gold Coast. From here they acquired slaves and gold in trade for European goods, such as metal knives, beads, mirrors, rum, and guns. News of the successful trading spread quickly, and British, Dutch, Danish, Prussian and Swedish traders arrived as well. The European traders built several forts along the coastline. The Gold Coast had long been a name for the region used by Europeans because of the large gold resources found in the area. The slave trade was the principal exchange and major part of the economy for many years. In this period, European nations began to explore and colonize the Americas. Soon the Portuguese and Spanish began to export African slaves to the Caribbean, and North and South America. The Dutch and British also entered the slave trade, at first supplying markets in the Caribbean and on the Caribbean coast of South America.\nThe Royal Trading Company was established by the Crown in 1752 to lead its trading in Africa. It was replaced by the African Company of Merchants, which led the British trading efforts into the early 19th century. In 1821 the British government withdrew their charter and seized privately held lands along the coast. In 1867, the government formed the British Gold Coast colony, after having taken over the remaining interests of other European countries. They purchased and incorporated the Danish Gold Coast in 1850 and the Dutch Gold Coast, including Fort Elmina, in 1872. Britain steadily expanded its colony through the invasion and subjection of local kingdoms as well, particularly the Ashanti and Fante confederacies.\nThe Ashanti people had controlled much of the territory of Ghana before the Europeans arrived and were often in conflict with them. In the 21st century they continue to constitute the largest ethnic community in Ghana. Four wars, the Anglo-Ashanti Wars, were fought between the Ashanti (Asante) and the British, who were sometimes allied with the Fante.\nDuring the First Anglo-Ashanti War (1822\u201324), the two groups fought because of a disagreement over an Ashanti chief and slavery. The British had abolished the Atlantic slave trade but kept the institution in its colonies until 1834. Tensions increased in 1874 during the Second Ashanti War (1873\u201374) when the British sacked the Ashanti capital of Kumasi. The Third Ashanti War (1893\u201394) occurred because the new Ashanti ruler Asantehene wanted to exercise his new title. From 1895\u201396 the British and Ashanti fought in the Fourth and final Ashanti War, where the Ashanti fought for and lost their independence. In 1900 the Ashanti Uprising took place. The British suppressed the violence and captured of the city of Kumasi. At the end of this last Ashanti War, the territory of the Ashanti people became a British protectorate on 1 January 1902.\nBy 1901, British had established a colony incorporating all of the Gold Coast, with its kingdoms and tribes considered a single unit. The British exploited and exported a variety of natural resources such as gold, metal ores, diamonds, ivory, pepper, timber, grain and cocoa. The British colonists built railways and a complex transport infrastructure to support the shipment of such commodity goods. This has formed the basis for the transport infrastructure in modern-day Ghana. They also built Western-style hospitals and schools to provide modern amenities to the people of the empire. Promising Ashanti and Fante young men often completed their higher education in Britain at some of its top universities.\nBy 1945, in the wake of a major colonial role in the Second World War, nationalists in the Gold Coast took a leadership role in demanding more autonomy. In 1951\u201355 they shared power with Britain. By 1956, British Togoland, the Ashanti protectorate, and the Fante protectorate were merged with the Gold Coast to create one colony, which became known as the Gold Coast. In 1957, the colony gained independence under the name of Ghana.", "Q108581": "J\u00f6rg Wontorra (born 29 November 1948 in L\u00fcbeck) is a German sport journalist.\n\n", "Q441362": "Kyle Orlando Massey (born August 28, 1991), also known mononymously as Massey, is an American actor, rapper, and singer from Atlanta, Georgia. He starred in the Disney Channel sitcoms That's So Raven and its spin-off Cory in the House, in which he played Cory Baxter. Massey starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie Life Is Ruff. Massey has released several rap songs for Walt Disney Records and Hollywood Records. He provided the voice of Milo in the Disney animated series Fish Hooks and was the runner-up on the 11th season of ABC's Dancing with the Stars. He is the younger brother of actor Christopher Massey.", "Q1266797": "Joshua Breakstone (born July 22, 1955) is an American jazz guitarist.\nBreakstone came into contact with the music business early in life through his parents and siblings. His sister was a lighting technician at the Fillmore East theater, where he saw musicians such as Jimi Hendrix and Frank Zappa. Later, he became interested in jazz and was influenced by Charlie Parker and Lee Morgan. He studied with guitarist Sal Salvador in Manhattan. In 1972, he enrolled at the New College of the University of South Florida and graduated three years later. He continued studies at Berklee College of Music.\nAfter living in Brazil for a few months, he returned to New York City, where he performed and taught. In 1979, he recorded with Canadian saxophonist Glen Hall, with Joanne Brackeen, Cecil McBee, and Billy Hart participating. Until 1983, when he recorded his debut album, he worked with Vinnie Burke, Warne Marsh, Emily Remler, and Aaron Bell. He taught privately and at the Rhode Island Conservatory of Music.\nBeginning in 1986, Breakstone recorded four albums for Contemporary Records, with sidemen including Pepper Adams, Kenny Barron, Dennis Irwin, Jimmy Knepper, Tommy Flanagan, Keith Copeland, and Kenny Washington. In 1986 he went on his first tour of Japan. Since then, Breakstone has played twice a year in Japan. He has worked with Terumasa Hino, Monkey Kobayashi, and Eiji Nakamura. In 1991, he signed a contract with the Japanese label King Records, which released four albums: Walk Don't Run (with interpretations of Shadows and Ventures numbers such as \"Telstar\" and \"Apache\") and I Want to Hold Your Hand and Oh! Darling, two albums with Beatles compositions.\nOn Remembering Grant Green (Evidence, 1996), he worked with organist Jack McDuff and the drummer Al Harewood, who had been sideman for guitarist Grant Green. His album Sittin' on the Thing with Ming (Capri, 1994) contained many of his compositions. He followed that album with tributes to Thelonious Monk, Wes Montgomery, and Bud Powell. He recorded A Jamais (Capri, 2004) with French musicians Louis Petrucciani and Jo\u00ebl Allouche. In 2005, the album Memoirs - The French Sessions, Vol. 2 was produced in France.\n\n", "Q360685": "Johannes Stadius or Estadius (Dutch: Jan Van Ostaeyen; French: Jean Stade) (ca. 1 May 1527 \u2013 17 June 1579), was a Flemish astronomer, astrologer, and mathematician. He was one of the important late 16th-century makers of ephemerides, which gave the positions of astronomical objects in the sky at a given time or times.", "Q264391": "Peyton List (born August 8, 1986) is an American actress and professional model, known for roles on Mad Men, FlashForward, The Tomorrow People and Frequency. She began her career on daytime television, playing Lucy Montgomery on the CBS soap opera As the World Turns from 2001 to 2005, before she went to primetime with regular roles on the short-lived dramas Windfall (2006) and Big Shots (2007).\nFrom 2008 to 2013, List had a recurring role as Jane Siegel in the AMC period drama Mad Men. In film, she has appeared in The Greatest Game Ever Played (2005), Shuttle (2009) and Meeting Evil (2012). List also starred in the short-lived science fiction dramas FlashForward (ABC, 2009\u20132010), and The Tomorrow People (The CW, 2013\u20132014). During the 2016\u201317 television season, she starred as the lead character in The CW drama series Frequency. In 2018, she had a recurring role in season 3 of the science fiction series Colony. She also starred on a recurring basis as Ivy Pepper / Poison Ivy in the Fox crime drama series Gotham (2018\u20132019).", "Q350746": "Adam Michael Rodriguez (born April 2, 1975) is an American actor, screenwriter and director. He became known for his long running role as Eric Delko on CSI: Miami. He portrayed Task Force Agent and the newest recruit to the BAU, Agent Luke Alvez, in Criminal Minds.", "Q939888": "James Mark Borgman (born February 24, 1954) is an American cartoonist. He is known for his political cartoons and his nationally syndicated comic strip Zits. He was the editorial cartoonist at The Cincinnati Enquirer from 1976 to 2008.\n\n", "Q930112": "The Decemberists are an American indie rock band from Portland, Oregon. The band consists of Colin Meloy (lead vocals, guitar, principal songwriter), Chris Funk (guitar, multi-instrumentalist), Jenny Conlee (piano, keyboards), Nate Query (bass), and John Moen (drums).\nTheir debut EP, 5 Songs, was self-released in 2001. Their eighth and latest full-length album I'll Be Your Girl was released on March 16, 2018 by Capitol Records, and is the band's fifth record with the label.\nIn addition to their lyrics, which often focus on historical incidents and/or folklore, the Decemberists are also well known for their eclectic live shows. Audience participation is a part of each performance, typically during encores. The band stages whimsical reenactments of sea battles and other centuries-old events, typically of regional interest, or acts out songs with members of the crowd.\nIn 2011, the track \"Down by the Water\" from the album The King Is Dead was nominated for Best Rock Song at the 54th Grammy Awards.", "Q3731533": "Eric Frederick Trump (born January 6, 1984) is an American businessman, philanthropist, and former reality television personality. He is the third child and second son of President Donald Trump and his first wife, Ivana Trump.\nA fourth generation businessman (following his great-grandmother Elizabeth, grandfather Fred, and father), he is a trustee and executive vice president of the Trump Organization, running the company alongside his older brother Donald Jr. During their father's presidency, the brothers continued to do deals and investments in foreign countries, as well as collect payments in their U.S. properties from foreign governments, despite a pledge that they would not do so.He also served as a boardroom judge on his father's TV show The Apprentice.\nEric Trump and his sister Ivanka are under investigation by the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia for their role in their father's inauguration.", "Q349217": "Sir Norman Joseph Wisdom, (4 February 1915 \u2013 4 October 2010) was an English actor, comedian and singer-songwriter best known for a series of comedy films produced between 1953 and 1966 featuring his hapless onscreen character that was often called Norman Pitkin. He was awarded the 1953 BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles following the release of Trouble in Store, his first film in a lead role.\nWisdom gained celebrity status in lands as far apart as South America, Iran and many Eastern Bloc countries, particularly in Albania where his films were the only ones by Western actors permitted by dictator Enver Hoxha to be shown. Charlie Chaplin once referred to Wisdom as his \"favourite clown\".Wisdom later forged a career on Broadway in New York and as a television actor, winning critical acclaim for his dramatic role of a dying cancer patient in the television play Going Gently in 1981. He toured Australia and South Africa. After the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, a hospice was named in his honour. In 1995 he was given the Freedom of the City of London and of Tirana. The same year he was appointed OBE and was knighted five years later.", "Q14620": "Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties.Most optical phenomena can be accounted for using the classical electromagnetic description of light. Complete electromagnetic descriptions of light are, however, often difficult to apply in practice. Practical optics is usually done using simplified models. The most common of these, geometric optics, treats light as a collection of rays that travel in straight lines and bend when they pass through or reflect from surfaces. Physical optics is a more comprehensive model of light, which includes wave effects such as diffraction and interference that cannot be accounted for in geometric optics. Historically, the ray-based model of light was developed first, followed by the wave model of light. Progress in electromagnetic theory in the 19th century led to the discovery that light waves were in fact electromagnetic radiation.\nSome phenomena depend on the fact that light has both wave-like and particle-like properties. Explanation of these effects requires quantum mechanics. When considering light's particle-like properties, the light is modelled as a collection of particles called \"photons\". Quantum optics deals with the application of quantum mechanics to optical systems.\nOptical science is relevant to and studied in many related disciplines including astronomy, various engineering fields, photography, and medicine (particularly ophthalmology and optometry). Practical applications of optics are found in a variety of technologies and everyday objects, including mirrors, lenses, telescopes, microscopes, lasers, and fibre optics.", "Q182874": "C\u00e1o Xu\u011bq\u00edn ([ts\u02b0\u01ceu \u0255\u0265\u00e8t\u0255\u02b0\u01d0n]; Chinese: \u66f9\u96ea\u82b9); (1715 or 1724 \u2013 1763 or 1764) was a Chinese writer during the Qing dynasty. He is best known as the author of Dream of the Red Chamber, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. His given name was C\u00e1o Zh\u0101n (\u66f9\u9711) and his courtesy name was M\u00e8ngru\u01cen (simplified Chinese: \u68a6\u962e; traditional Chinese: \u5922\u962e).", "Q1041384": "Christy Chung (born 19 September 1970) is a Canadian actress and restauratrice. She is best known for starring in films Mermaid Got Married, The Bodyguard from Beijing, Love on Delivery and Jan Dara.\n\n", "Q669442": "Knox College is a private liberal arts college in Galesburg, Illinois.", "Q45309": "Ludwig Thoma (21 January 1867 in Oberammergau \u2013 26 August 1921 in Tegernsee) was a German author, publisher and editor, who gained popularity through his partially exaggerated description of everyday Bavarian life.\nAfter graduation from the Imperial Latin School in Landstuhl (today: Sickingen- Gymnasium Landstuhl), he first studied Forestry in Aschaffenburg, then Law until 1893 in Munich and Erlangen. Subsequently, he settled down as a lawyer, at first in Dachau, later in Munich.\nAfter 1899, he worked for the magazine Simplicissimus and published humorous narrations, comedies, novels and stories. Thoma satirized Bavarian rural and small-town life. His serious peasant novels Andreas V\u00f6st (1905), Der Wittiber (1911), and Der Ruepp (1922), as well as his humorous collections Assessor Karlchen (1900), Lausbubengeschichten (Scoundrel Stories, 1904), and Tante Frieda (Aunt Frieda, 1906), are characterized by authenticity of regional language and life. Thoma's dramas, including Die Medaille (The Medal, 1901), Das S\u00e4uglingsheim (The Orphanage, 1913), and especially Moral (1908), reflect elements of folk theater.\nIn 1907 he married 25-year-old Marietta di Rigardo, who was born in the Philippines. The marriage, however, did not last; Marietta was soon bored and by 1911 Thoma and Marietta were divorced. In the later years of his life, he wrote nationalistic propaganda agitating against left-wing politicians (e.g. for the newspaper Miesbacher Anzeiger).During World War I he served as a paramedic. In July 1917 he joined the German Fatherland Party.\nHis best-known works are Ein M\u00fcnchner im Himmel (A Municher in Heaven), the Lausbubengeschichten (Scoundrel Stories) and Jozef Filsers Briefwexel (Jozef Filser's Correspondence). Lausbubengeschichten was made into a movie in 1964, also released in English under the title Tales of a Young Scamp.", "Q447713": "Theodore Raimi (born December 14, 1965) is an American actor, director, comedian, and writer. He is known for his roles in the works of his brother Sam Raimi, including a fake Shemp in The Evil Dead, possessed Henrietta in Evil Dead II, and Ted Hoffman in the Spider-Man trilogy. He later reprised his role as Henrietta in the television series Ash vs. Evil Dead, in which he also played the character Chet Kaminski. He is also known for his roles as Lieutenant JG Tim O'Neill in seaQuest DSV and Joxer the Mighty in Xena: Warrior Princess and Hercules: The Legendary Journeys.\nRaimi has appeared in minor roles in a number of other films and television series, including the films Crimewave, Intruder, Shocker, Darkman, Candyman, Army of Darkness, Clear and Present Danger, The Grudge, Drag Me to Hell, and Oz the Great and Powerful, as well as the television series ALF, Twin Peaks, Baywatch, and Supernatural. He has had voice roles in the television series Invader Zim and Code Monkeys, and in the video game Evil Dead: Regeneration.", "Q121113": "Metin Arditi, born 2 February 1945 in Ankara, is a French-speaking Swiss writer of Turkish Sephardi origin.\n\n", "Q676562": "Henri Marius Christin\u00e9 (27 December 1867 \u2013 25 November 1941) was a French composer of Swiss birth.The son of a French Savoyard watchmaker, Christin\u00e9 was born in Geneva, Switzerland. He began by teaching at the lyc\u00e9e in Geneva, while pursuing his interest in music and playing organ in a local church. He married a cafe singer whose troupe was passing through Geneva, and went with her to Nice where they were married. He made his home in France, writing songs firstly for his wife and then for popular singers such as Mayol, Dranem, and Fragson. He also conducted for the music hall at the Place Clichy.\nAlthough Christin\u00e9 wrote some operettas for the Scala theatre in Paris before the First World War, his career took off when he had his operetta Phi-Phi staged the day of the Armistice on 11 November 1918, with words by Albert Willemetz and Fabien Solar and which ran for three years at the Bouffes-Parisiens. This success was followed by D\u00e9d\u00e9 in 1921, Madame (1923) and J'adore \u00e7a (1925). These works were in the forefront of a new fashion in music-theatre: sparkling, witty, jazzy musical plays. Christin\u00e9's tunes often build on repeated refrains of six or seven notes (a 'hook') which made them catchy and popular for contemporary audiences.In the 1930s Christin\u00e9 contributed to the renewed fashion for more large-scale spectacular musicals, with pieces for the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre du Ch\u00e2telet in Paris, Au temps des Merveilleuses and Yana; for these he wrote the more vibrant numbers, while Richepin did the romantic songs. \"Le Bonheur, Mesdames\" and \"Le Flirt ambulant\" were rearrangements of his songs from the 1900s. He died in Nice, France.\nPhi-Phi and D\u00e9d\u00e9 are still occasionally revived in France.", "Q472970": "Geoffrey Winthrop Young (25 October 1876 \u2013 8 September 1958) was a British climber, poet and educator, and author of several notable books on mountaineering.\nYoung was born in Kensington, the middle son of Sir George Young, 3rd Baronet (see Young Baronets), a noted classicist and charity commissioner, of Formosa Place at Cookham in Berkshire, where he grew up. His mother, formerly Alice Eacy Kennedy, was the daughter of Dr Evory Kennedy of Belgard Co. Dublin and had previously lived in India as Lady Lawrence, wife of Sir Alexander Lawrence, Bt, nephew to the Viceroy, Lord Lawrence. Widowed when Sir Alexander died in a bridge collapse, Alice returned to England, marrying Sir George in 1871. Winthrop's brother Edward Hilton Young became the 1st Baron Kennet.", "Q434925": "G\u00f6n\u00fcl Aysel G\u00fcrel (7 February 1929 \u2013 17 February 2008) was a Turkish lyricist and actress. Besides her lyrics, which were performed by singers throughout Turkey, she was known for her outlandish clothing, make up and wigs.", "Q6364655": "The Kansas City Art Institute (KCAI) is a private, independent, four-year college of fine arts and design founded in 1885 in Kansas City, Missouri. The college is an accredited member of the National Association of Schools of Art and Design (NASAD), the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD) and the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. It has approximately 75 faculty members and 700 students. KCAI offers the Bachelor of Fine Arts degree, in which students undertake a comprehensive liberal arts program with a studio major in animation, art history, ceramics, creative writing, digital filmmaking, fiber arts, graphic design, illustration, interactive art, painting, photography, printmaking, product design, or sculpture. KCAI offers a minor in Art and Design Entrepreneurship, a collaborative program with University of Missouri \u2013 Kansas City Regnier Institute for Entrepreneurship and Innovation.", "Q246656": "Grand Hotel is a 1932 American pre-Code drama film directed by Edmund Goulding and produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The screenplay by William A. Drake is based on the 1930 play of the same title by Drake, who had adapted it from the 1929 novel Menschen im Hotel by Vicki Baum. To date, it is the only film to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture without being nominated in any other category.\nThe film was remade as Week-End at the Waldorf in 1945, and also served as the basis for the 1989 stage musical Grand Hotel. Another remake, to be directed by Norman Jewison, was considered in 1977 which was to take place at Las Vegas' MGM Grand Hotel, but the project eventually fell through.Grand Hotel has proven influential in the years since its original release. The line \"I want to be alone\", famously delivered by Greta Garbo, placed number 30 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes. In 2007, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q95458": "Lee Parry (born Mathilde Charlotte Benz, 14 January 1901 \u2013 24 January 1977) was a German film actress of the silent era. She appeared in 48 films between 1919 and 1939.", "Q443575": "Patricia Annette Olson (September 21, 1935 \u2013 October 14, 2007), known by her stage name Sigrid Valdis, was an American actress. She was best known for playing \"Hilda\" in the American television series Hogan's Heroes.", "Q8510623": "The Frankfort Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery located on East Main Street in Frankfort, Kentucky. The cemetery is the supposed burial site of Daniel Boone and contains the graves of other famous Americans including seventeen Kentucky governors and a Vice President of the United States.", "Q78936": "Hilde K\u00f6rber (3 July 1906 \u2013 31 May 1969) was an Austrian film actress who worked largely in the German Film Industry. She appeared in 53 films between 1930 and 1964. She was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary and died in West Berlin, West Germany.She was the second wife of actor and director Veit Harlan, with whom she had three children including Thomas Harlan.", "Q282172": "\u014csugi Sakae (\u5927\u6749 \u6804, January 17, 1885 \u2013 September 16, 1923) was a radical Japanese anarchist. He published numerous anarchist periodicals, helped translate western anarchist essays into Japanese for the first time, and created Japan's first Esperanto school in 1906. He, Noe It\u014d, and his nephew were murdered in what became known as the Amakasu incident.", "Q541410": "Camila Grey (born Camila Cristinna Gutierrez; January 6, 1981) is a Los Angeles based musician currently performing in the duo Uh Huh Her and also the supergroup Summer Moon composed of Nikolai Fraiture (The Strokes), Stephen Perkins (Jane's Addiction), and Noah Harmon (Airborne Toxic Event). Grey was formerly the bassist and keyboardist for the band Mellowdrone. She has also worked with such artists as Dr. Dre, Busta Rhymes, Big Black Delta, Tricky, Linda Perry, Kanye West, Melissa Auf der Maur, Hans Zimmer, Kelly Osbourne, and Adam Lambert.", "Q229291": "Toni Collette-Galafassi (born Toni Collett; 1 November 1972), credited professionally as Toni Collette, is an Australian film, television, and stage actress and singer-songwriter. She is known for her work in independent films as well as support roles in studio films, for which she has received accolades. Her feature film debut was in 1992 and her breakthrough was with the comedy-drama, Muriel's Wedding (1994), for which she earned a Golden Globe Award nomination. She achieved greater international recognition for her role in The Sixth Sense (1999) \u2013 the highest grossing horror movie at the time \u2013 for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.\nCollette's diverse film genres include period-drama The Hours (2002), drama Japanese Story (2003), comedy The Way, Way Back (2013), horror Hereditary (2017) and mystery Knives Out (2019). She received a BAFTA Award nomination for her support role in About a Boy (2002). Her Broadway performances include the lead role in The Wild Party (2000), which earned a nomination for a Tony Award. On TV she took the lead role in a comedy series, United States of Tara (2008\u201311), and won a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award. At the AACTA Awards she has won five statuettes from eight nominations.\nAs the lead singer of Toni Collette & the Finish, she wrote all 11 tracks of their sole album, Beautiful Awkward Pictures (October 2006). They toured Australia but have not performed nor released any new material after 2007. She co-owns a film production company, Vocab Films, with Jen Turner. In 2017 they bought the film rights for the novel and screenplay, The Best of Adam Sharp (2016). Collette married Dave Galafassi (drummer of Gelbison) in January 2003 and the couple have two children.", "Q1088184": "Kang Rixin (Chinese: \u5eb7\u65e5\u65b0; born August 1953) is a Chinese former nuclear engineer and politician. He served as chief manager of China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) and was a member of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. He was sentenced to life imprisonment in 2010 for corruption.", "Q4266": "The Party of Regions (Ukrainian: \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0432, romanized: Partija rehioniv, pronounced [\u02c8p\u0251rt\u207d\u02b2\u207eij\u0250 re\u0266i\u02c8\u0254n\u207d\u02b2\u207eiu\u032f]; Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, romanized: Partija regionov) is a pro-Russia political party of Ukraine created in late 1997 that then grew to be the biggest party of Ukraine between 2006 and 2014. Since the February 2014 Ukrainian revolution, the party has not competed in elections and most of its representatives have left the party to continue their careers in other parties. The best known former party members are former Prime Minister Mykola Azarov and former President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych; both fled to Russia in February 2014.The party was created on 26 October 1997, just prior to the 1998 Ukrainian parliamentary elections, under the name of Party of Regional Revival of Ukraine and led by Volodymyr Rybak. Throughout its existence the party has contained different political groups with diverging ideological outlooks.The party was reorganized later in 2001 when it united with several others. According to the party's leadership in 2002, from the creation of the party to the end of 2001 the number of members jumped from 30,000 to 500,000. The party claims to ideologically defend and uphold the rights of ethnic Russians and speakers of the Russian language in Ukraine. It originally supported president Leonid Kuchma and joined the pro-government For United Ukraine alliance during the parliamentary elections on 30 March 2002.\nIts electoral and financial base has always been located primarily in the east and south-east of Ukraine, where it got wide popular electoral support. In the eastern Ukrainian Donetsk Oblast the party claimed in 2010 to have over 700,000 members. The party was supported mostly by people older than 45 years.In 2010, the party candidate Viktor Yanukovych won the presidential elections.Due to the rule of the party in Crimea particularly in 2010\u20132014, it gave a new meaning for \"Makedonians\" (Russian: \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0446\u044b) as the Makeevka-Donetsk clan associated with the Crimean Prime Ministers Vasyl Dzharty and Anatoliy Mohyliov.The party won 185 seats in the Ukrainian parliament in the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election. On 12 December 2012 it formed a parliamentary faction of 210 deputies.During the 2014 Ukrainian revolution on February 20, 2014, several party members called for the disintegration of Ukraine and a union with the Russian Federation. Oleksandr Yefremov, leader of the Ukrainian parliamentary faction in full support of these proposed actions, and Vladimir Konstantinov, chairman of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea went to Luhansk to support these decisive actions. On 23 February 2014 the Party of Regions condemned and disassociated itself from Victor Yanukovych for corruption, \"criminal orders\", his escape, and \"cowardice\". The following months more than 120 MPs left the party's parliamentary faction. Many members of the party became objects of the so called \"trash bucket challenge\".The party did not participate in the 2014 parliamentary elections. In the following months, the majority of its representatives continued their political careers predominantly with Opposition Bloc, Revival or Our Land. At same time, due to annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation and after Vladimir Konstantinov announced of reorganization of the Party of Regions Crimean branch, members of Party of Regions joined the United Russia. Officially according to the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) and the former leader of the Crimean Party of Region Konstantinov, there is no succession of the United Russia Crimean branch from the Party of Regions Crimean branch, but, according to several local news resources from Sevastopol, in reality it was organized from former activists of Party of Regions and Russian Unity.", "Q481146": "Pascal Pia (15 August 1903, Paris \u2013 27 September 1979, Paris), born Pierre Durand, was a French writer, journalist, illustrator and scholar. He also used the pseudonyms Pascal Rose, Pascal Fely and others.\nIn 1922 he published the erotic work Les Princesses de Cyth\u00e8re. His La Muse en rut, a collection of erotic poems, appeared in 1928. He also illustrated erotic works, such as the Songs of Bilitis. In 1938 he founded the leftist journal Alger r\u00e9publicain in Algiers (which was part of the French colony of Algeria at the time). The journal was forbidden in 1939. During World War II Pia participated in the French Resistance (in the group \"Combat\") and in 1944 he became chief editor of the clandestine resistance journal Combat, using the pseudonym Pontault. He said \"We will try to make a reasonable newspaper. And as the world is absurd, it will fail.\"\nAlbert Camus worked as a journalist at the Alger r\u00e9publicain and later also at Combat. Pia and Camus became friends, and Camus dedicated his 1942 essay The Myth of Sisyphus to Pia. A collection of their correspondence was published in 2000. Pascal Pia was also a good friend of Andr\u00e9 Malraux.\nPia was a member (\"Satrape\") of the Coll\u00e8ge de 'pataphysique. He often expressed absurdist and nihilistic sentiments. At the end of his life, he claimed the \"right to nothingness\", prohibiting others from writing about him after his death.", "Q716282": "Oren Peli (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05df \u05e4\u05dc\u05d0\u05d9\u200e; born January 21, 1970) is an Israeli American film director, producer and screenwriter, known for directing the 2007 film Paranormal Activity.", "Q612796": "Alfons Jan Nag\u00f3rski (1888\u20131976), also known as Ivan Iosifovich Nagurski, was a Polish engineer and pioneer of aviation, the first person to fly an airplane in the Arctic and the first aviator to perform a loop with a flying boat.", "Q240541": "Tatyana Marisol Ali (born January 24, 1979) is an American actress and singer best known for her role as Ashley Banks on the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air from 1990 to 1996. She starred as Tyana Jones on the TV One original series Love That Girl!, and played a recurring role as Roxanne on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless from 2007 to 2013.", "Q123062": "Jacques Necker (IPA: [\u0292ak n\u025bk\u025b\u0281]; 30 September 1732 \u2013 9 April 1804) was a banker of Genevan origin who became a finance minister for Louis XVI and a French statesman. Necker played a key role in French history before and during the first period of the French Revolution.Necker held the finance post between 1777 and 1781 and \"is remembered today for taking the unprecedented step in 1781 of making public the country\u2019s budget, a novelty in an absolute monarchy where the state of finances had always been kept a secret.\" Necker was dismissed within a few months. By 1788 the inexorable compounding of interest on the national debt brought France to a fiscal crisis. Necker was recalled to royal service. When he was dismissed on 11 July 1789, it was a factor in causing the Storming of the Bastille. Within two days Necker was recalled by the king and the assembly. Necker entered France in triumph and tried to accelerate the tax reform process. Faced with the opposition of the Constituent Assembly he resigned in September 1790 to a reaction of general indifference.\nNecker was a constitutional monarchist, a political economist, and a moralist, who wrote a severe critique of the new principle of equality before the law. Necker fully embraced the label of moderate and the concept of the golden mean.", "Q491355": "Anders \u00d6sterling (13 April 1884 \u2013 13 December 1981) was a Swedish poet and writer. In 1919 he was elected as a member of the Swedish Academy when he was 35 years old, the youngest ever, at that time. He was part of the Academy for 62 years, longer than any other member.", "Q84233": "Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises (German: [\u02c8lu\u02d0tv\u026a\u00e7 f\u0254n \u02c8mi\u02d0z\u0259s]; 29 September 1881 \u2013 10 October 1973) was an Austrian School economist, historian, and sociologist. Mises wrote and lectured extensively on the societal contributions of classical liberalism. He is best known for his work on praxeology, a study of human choice and action.\nMises emigrated from Austria to the United States in 1940. Since the mid-20th century, libertarian movements have been strongly influenced by Mises's writings. Mises's student Friedrich Hayek viewed Mises as one of the major figures in the revival of classical liberalism in the post-war era. Hayek's work \"The Transmission of the Ideals of Freedom\" (1951) pays high tribute to the influence of Mises in the 20th century libertarian movement.Mises's Private Seminar was a leading group of economists. Many of its alumni, including Hayek and Oskar Morgenstern, emigrated from Austria to the United States and Great Britain. Mises has been described as having approximately seventy close students in Austria. The Ludwig von Mises Institute was founded in the United States to continue his teachings.", "Q271944": "Karin Viard (French: [ka.\u0281in vja\u0281]; born 24 January 1966) is a multi-award-winning French actress. She made her film debut in Tatie Danielle in 1990. She has appeared in films such as Delicatessen, L'Emploi du temps, Adult\u00e8re, mode d'emploi and La parenth\u00e8se enchant\u00e9e.\nViard was a member of the 2003 Cannes Film Festival jury.", "Q69185": "Gerard Johannes Kleisterlee (born 28 September 1946) is a Dutch businessman and engineer. He is the chairman of Vodafone, and the former president and CEO of Philips.", "Q49255": "Tampa (US: ) is a major city in, and the county seat of, Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. It is on the west coast of Florida on Tampa Bay, near the Gulf of Mexico. Tampa is the largest city in the Tampa Bay Area. With a population of 392,890 in 2018, Tampa is the third-largest city in Florida, after Miami and Jacksonville. The bay's port is the largest in the state, near downtown's Channel District. Bayshore Boulevard runs along the bay, and is east of the historic Hyde Park neighborhood.\nToday, Tampa is part of the metropolitan area most commonly referred to as the \"Tampa Bay Area\". For U.S. Census purposes, Tampa is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The four-county area is composed of roughly 3.1 million residents, making it the second largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the state, and the fourth largest in the Southeastern United States, behind Washington, D.C.; Miami; and Atlanta. The Greater Tampa Bay area, has over 4 million residents and generally includes the Tampa and Sarasota metro areas.\nThe city had a population of 335,709 at the 2010 census, and an estimated population of 392,890 in 2018. As of 2018, Tampa's annual growth rate is 1.63%.", "Q93997": "Hildegard Goss-Mayr (born 22 January 1930, Vienna) is an Austrian nonviolent activist and Christian theologian.", "Q152843": "Dame Joan Henrietta Collins, (born 23 May 1933) is an English actress, author, and columnist. She made her stage debut at the age of nine, trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London, entered British films in 1951 and went to Hollywood under contract to 20th Century Fox in 1955. In 1981, she landed the role of Alexis Carrington, the vengeful and scheming ex-wife of John Forsythe's character, in the 1980s prime time soap opera Dynasty, which made her an international superstar and brought her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in 1982. In 2015, Collins was made a Dame by Queen Elizabeth II for services to charity.", "Q191808": "A nun is a member of a religious community of women, typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience in the enclosure of a monastery. Communities of nuns exist in numerous religious traditions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Jainism, and Taoism.\nIn the Buddhist tradition, female monastics are known as Bhikkhuni, and take several additional vows compared to male monastics (bhikkhus). Nuns are most common in Mahayana Buddhism, but have more recently become more prevalent in other traditions.\nWithin Christianity, women religious, known as nuns or religious sisters, are found in Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, and Lutheran traditions among others. Though the terms are often used interchangeably, nuns historically take solemn vows and live a life of prayer and contemplation in a monastery or convent, while sisters take simple vows and live an active vocation of prayer and charitable works in areas such as education and healthcare. Examples include the monastic Order of Saint Clare founded in 1212 in the Franciscan tradition, or the Missionaries of Charity founded in 1950 by Mother Teresa to care for people living in grave poverty.", "Q321801": "Richard Anthony Crispian Francis Prew Hope-Weston (11 July 1940 \u2013 6 March 2005), known professionally as Tommy Vance, was an English radio broadcaster, born in Eynsham, Oxfordshire. He was one of the first music broadcasters in the United Kingdom to champion hard rock and heavy metal in the early 1980s, providing the only national radio forum for both bands and fans. The Friday Rock Show that he hosted gave new bands airtime for their music and fans an opportunity to hear it. His radio show was a factor in the rise of the new wave of British heavy metal. He used a personal tag-line of \"TV on the radio\". His voice was heard by millions around the world announcing the Wembley Stadium acts at Live Aid in 1985.", "Q178700": "Marvelous Angelique\n(French: Merveilleuse Ang\u00e9lique) is a 1965 historical romantic adventure film directed by Bernard Borderie. It is the second film in the Ang\u00e9lique series, based upon the novels by Anne and Serge Golon, and a sequel to Ang\u00e9lique, Marquise des Anges. It was made as a co-production between France, Italy and West Germany.It was made at the Billancourt Studios in Rome and the Cinecitta Studios in Rome. Location shooting took place at Versailles. The sets were designed by the art director Ren\u00e9 Moulaert.", "Q96637": "Gertrud David (1872\u20131936) was a German journalist, film producer, director, and screenwriter.\n\n", "Q13629": "Sassari (US: , Italian: [\u02c8sassari] (listen); Sassarese: S\u00e0ssari; Sardinian: T\u00e0tari) is an Italian city and the second-largest of Sardinia in terms of population with 127,525 inhabitants, and a Functional Urban Area of about 222,000 inhabitants. One of the oldest cities on the island, it contains a considerable collection of art.\nSince its origins at the turn of the 12th century, Sassari has been ruled by the Giudicato of Torres, the Pisans, the Sassaresi themselves in alliance with Genoa, the Aragonese and the Spanish, all of whom have contributed to Sassari's historical and artistic heritage. Sassari is a city rich in art, culture and history, and is well known for its palazzi, the Fountain of the Rosello, and its elegant neoclassical architecture, such as Piazza d'Italia (Italy Square) and the Teatro Civico (Civic Theatre).As Sardinia's second most populated city, and the fifth largest municipality in Italy (547 km2), it has a considerable amount of cultural, touristic, commercial and political importance in the island. The city's economy mainly relies on tourism and services, however also partially on research, construction, pharmaceuticals and the petroleum industry.", "Q24085": "Petrus Cunaeus (1586, in Vlissingen \u2013 2 December 1638, in Leiden) was the pen name of the Dutch Christian \nscholar Peter van der Kun. His book The Hebrew Republic is considered \"the most powerful statement of republican theory in the early years of the Dutch Republic.\"", "Q598365": "Waldenburg District is one of the five districts of the largely German-speaking canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland. The district lies to the south of Basel-Country, bordering the canton of Solothurn. Its capital is the town of Waldenburg. It has a population of 15,999 (as of 31 March 2017). In average 150 persons live in a square kilometre.", "Q34296": "Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 \u2013 February 3, 1924) was an American politician, lawyer, and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of Princeton University and as the 34th governor of New Jersey before winning the 1912 presidential election. As president, he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933. He also led the United States into World War I in 1917, establishing an activist foreign policy known as \"Wilsonianism.\" He was the leading architect of the League of Nations.\nWilson spent his early years in the American South (mainly in Augusta, Georgia) during the Civil War and Reconstruction. After earning a Ph.D. in political science from Johns Hopkins University, Wilson taught at various schools before becoming the president of Princeton University. As governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913, Wilson broke with party bosses and won the passage of several progressive reforms. His success in New Jersey gave him a national reputation as a progressive reformer, and he won the presidential nomination at the 1912 Democratic National Convention. Wilson defeated incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft and Progressive Party nominee of former president Theodore Roosevelt to win the 1912 presidential election, becoming the first Southerner to be elected president since the American Civil War.\nDuring his first term, Wilson presided over the passage of his progressive New Freedom domestic agenda. His first major priority was the passage of the Revenue Act of 1913, which lowered tariffs and implemented a federal income tax. Later tax acts implemented a federal estate tax and raised the top income tax rate to 77 percent. Wilson also presided over the passage of the Federal Reserve Act, which created a central banking system in the form of the Federal Reserve System. Two major laws, the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act, were passed to regulate and break up large business interests known as trusts. To the disappointment of his African-American supporters, Wilson allowed some of his Cabinet members to segregate their departments. Upon the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Wilson maintained a policy of neutrality between the Allied Powers and the Central Powers. He won re-election by a narrow margin in the presidential election of 1916, defeating Republican nominee Charles Evans Hughes.\nIn early 1917, Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war against Germany after Germany implemented a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, and Congress complied. Wilson presided over war-time mobilization but devoted much of his efforts to foreign affairs, developing the Fourteen Points as a basis for post-war peace. After Germany signed an armistice in November 1918, Wilson and other Allied leaders took part in the Paris Peace Conference, where Wilson advocated for the establishment of a multilateral organization, per his \"fourteenth point\". The resulting League of Nations was incorporated into the Treaty of Versailles and other treaties with the defeated Central Powers, but Wilson was subsequently unable to convince the Senate to ratify that treaty or allow the United States to join the League. Wilson suffered a severe stroke in October 1919 and was incapacitated for the remainder of his presidency. He retired from public office in 1921 and died in 1924. Scholars have generally ranked Wilson as one of the better U.S. presidents, though he has received strong criticism for his actions regarding racial segregation.", "Q505534": "The city of B\u00fchl is part of the district of Rastatt in the southwestern state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It has a history reaching back to the twelfth century and was formerly an agricultural town, especially famous for its plums. B\u00fchl has a population of about 29,000, and is in the region between the Rhine Valley and the Black Forest.\nToday it is mainly an industrial town, especially in the car manufacturing supply industry. Yet it still has preserved its character and is also renowned for its good restaurants.B\u00fchl is a town in the southwestern state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, about 10 km (6.2 mi) South of Baden-Baden. B\u00fchl is the third largest town in Rastatt County (Landkreis), after Rastatt itself and Gaggenau. Due to its location, size and importance it has become a central place for numerous towns, townships and villages in the neighbourhood. B\u00fchl was proclaimed a major district town (Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt) on 1 January 1973, after it lost its status as an independent county seat during municipal reforms in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. B\u00fchl has agreed to form a joint administrative community with the municipality of Ottersweier.", "Q204303": "Douglas Peter Savant (born June 21, 1964) is an American actor. He played Matt Fielding in Melrose Place (1992\u201397) and Tom Scavo in ABC's Desperate Housewives (2004\u201312).", "Q15258": "The L\u00e4gern (also spelled L\u00e4geren; 866 m) is a wooded mountain of the Jura Mountains, stretching from Baden to Dielsdorf, about 15 km north-west of Zurich. The culminating point is located 1 km west of Hochwacht within the canton of Zurich, the border with the canton of Aargau running on a slightly lower summit named Burghorn (859 m).\nThe L\u00e4gern lies in the easternmost part of the Jura Mountains, east of the river Aare. It is the highest summit of the range lying between the Rhine, Aare and Limmat. Its location east of the Aare makes it topographically connected to the Appenzell Alps, by the chain of hills running north of Lake Zurich.\n\nThe mountain is entirely traversed by a trail following the crest from Baden to Dielsdorf. From Dielsdorf a road also leads to Hochwacht, where a radar is operated by Skyguide (municipality of Boppelsen).", "Q437592": "Soultana (Tania) Tsanaklidou (Greek: \u03a4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5, born 9 April 1952) is a Greek artist, both singer and actress, who represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 1978.", "Q44771": "G\u00fcnther Beckstein (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u028fnt\u0250 \u02c8b\u025bk\u0283ta\u026an]) (born 23 November 1943 in Hersbruck) is a German CSU politician from Bavaria and was the 17th Minister President of Bavaria from 9 October 2007 to 27 October 2008. He is well known for his outspoken views on law and order.\n\n", "Q301509": "Jean Vinatier (born 25 November 1933) is a French former rally and racing driver. He won the Tour de Corse with a Renault 8 Gordini in 1964 and the Alpine Rally with an Alpine-Renault A110 in 1968 and 1969. In the last-ever Alpine Rally in 1971, he finished second to Bernard Darniche and recorded his third consecutive penalty-free run, becoming the third driver after Ian Appleyard and Stirling Moss to achieve the much-coveted Coupe d'Or (Gold Cup).Driving the Alpine A110, Vinatier also won the French Rally Championship in 1969 and finished third that same year at the Monte Carlo Rally, behind the Porsche 911s of Bj\u00f6rn Waldeg\u00e5rd and G\u00e9rard Larrousse. In 1970, he took part in four events in the International Championship for Manufacturers, the predecessor to the World Rally Championship. He finished second in the Acropolis Rally in Greece, behind another A110 driven by Jean-Luc Th\u00e9rier, and third in the Rallye Sanremo in Italy, behind Th\u00e9rier and Harry K\u00e4llstr\u00f6m.Vinatier also competed in endurance racing. In the final Mille Miglia in 1957, he was the first driver to go past the scene of the crash that killed eleven people. In the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Vinatier competed 14 times from 1958 to 1973. He won his class with Mauro Bianchi, brother of Lucien Bianchi, in 1967. His best overall result in the event was eighth with Andr\u00e9 de Cortanze the following year. After his racing career, Vinatier has worked as a technical delegate for the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).", "Q629700": "Plastic Little (\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30c8\u30eb, Purasuchikku Ritoru) is an anime created by Satoshi Urushihara. It was published in Japan as a one-shot OVA. The anime original video animation was first released in North America on VHS by ADV Films, on July 20, 1994. ADV announced that the anime would be a second release on DVD on February 5, 2002. Like much of Urushihara's work, Plastic Little provides significant amounts of fan service, and along with Burn-Up Excess, is one of two ADV titles to include the trademarked \"Jiggle Counter\".", "Q309155": "The Optimates (; Latin: optimates, \"best ones\", singular optimas), also known as boni (\"good men\"), were a conservative political faction in the late Roman Republic.\nThey formed in reaction against the reforms of the Gracchi brothers\u2014two tribunes of the plebs between 133 and 121 BC who tried to pass an agrarian law to help the urban poor, and a political reform that would have diminished the influence of the senatorial class. As the Optimates were senators and large landowners, they violently opposed the Gracchi, and finally murdered them, but their program was upheld by several politicians, called the Populares (\"favouring the people\"). For about 80 years, Roman politics was marked by the confrontation of these two factions. The Optimates favoured the ancestral Roman laws and customs, as well as the supremacy of the Senate over the popular assemblies and the tribunes of the plebs. They also rejected the massive extension of Roman citizenship to Rome's Italian allies advocated by the Populares. Although suspicious of powerful generals, they sided with Pompey when they came to believe that Julius Caesar\u2014himself a Popularis\u2014planned a coup against the Republic. They disappeared with their defeat in the subsequent Civil War.\nWhile several leaders of the Optimates were patricians\u2014belonging to the oldest noble families\u2014such as Sulla or Scipio Nasica Serapio, many were plebeians: the Caecilii Metelli, Pompey, Cato the Younger, Titus Annius Milo, etc. Cicero\u2014the most famous Optimas\u2014was even a novus homo (the first of his gens to be senator).", "Q96623": "Ute Berg (born 24 July 1953 in Essen) is a German politician and member of the SPD. She graduated from the University of G\u00f6ttingen in 1974 in Political Science.Since 2011 Berg has been the head of the economic analysis department for the city of Cologne.", "Q177427": "Magnus Gottfried Lichtwer (30 January 1719, in Wurzen \u2013 7 July 1783, in Halberstadt) was a German fabulist.", "Q478291": "Richard Irwin Harrington (born 4 November 1957) is a British politician, businessman, and former property developer and hotelier. From the 2010 general election until the 2019 general election he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Watford. He was the Minister for Business and Industry from June 2017 to March 2019. Harrington had the Conservative whip removed on 3 September 2019, but on 29 October he was one of ten MPs to have it restored.\n\n", "Q704692": "Christopher Merlin Vyvyan Holland (born 1945 in London) is a biographer and editor. He is the only grandchild of Oscar Wilde, whose life he has researched and written about extensively.", "Q170348": "Paul Wittgenstein (November 5, 1887 \u2013 March 3, 1961) was an Austrian-American concert pianist notable for commissioning new piano concerti for the left hand alone, following the amputation of his right arm during the First World War. He devised novel techniques, including pedal and hand-movement combinations, that allowed him to play chords previously regarded as impossible for a five-fingered pianist.\nHe was an older brother of the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.", "Q1748845": "Alan \"Skip\" Moore (born 1 January 1950, Birmingham, Warwickshire) is a British musician, who is best known as the third official drummer of the heavy metal band Judas Priest, who played on their second album, Sad Wings of Destiny (1976).\nMoore was already active in the Birmingham rock, blues, folk and country scene, and played with numerous bands, including The Young Casuals, The Other Lot, The Outer Light, Gabriel Oak, Glad Stallion, Tendency Jones and Pendulum. He was first approached by guitarist K. K. Downing and bassist Ian Hill in 1971, and joined in the early and unofficial phase of the newborn Judas Priest for a period of about a year (during this time Al Atkins was still the vocalist). He left in 1972 to join the Birmingham country rock band, Sundance, with whom he recorded the album Rain, Steam, Speed (1974), and their single, \"Coming Down\".\nIn 1975, drummer John Hinch left Judas Priest, and Downing and Hill re-approached Moore. For the second time, Moore joined the band, making him the only drummer in the history of Judas Priest to have two separate stints. His first show after re-joining was in 1975.10.11 - Slough College, London, UK, during which guitarist/backing vocalist Glenn Tipton introduced \"our new drummer Skip\" who \"only had a few hours of rehearsal\". In 1976, they recorded the album Sad Wings of Destiny. Despite the success of the album, Moore decided to leave again, only this time permanently.\nMoore continued to play with numerous other bands and recording sessions. In 1981 he signed to Ariola Records with the band R.P.M., releasing two singles: \"Now That Summer's Here\" and \"Lost In Space.\" After moving out of London he continued to play with various 'scratch bands' and session musicians. He later left music for a while and more or less faded into anonymity. He now lives with his wife and two sons on the Isle of Wight, playing blues and rock with Frank Aiello - previously front man with Cozy Powell, in the Baggywrinkles Blues Band which formed in 2016.\nPreviously, several musical biographers, journalists, band members, and fans had tried to trace Moore without success. In the official biography The Story Of Judas Priest: Defenders Of The Faith, at the time it was written, author Neil Daniels said that Moore was the only former member of the band he could not trace at all.", "Q451603": "On Golden Pond is a 1981 American drama film directed by Mark Rydell. The screenplay by Ernest Thompson was adapted from his 1979 play of the same name. The film stars Katharine Hepburn and Henry Fonda (in his final acting performance) in the lead roles along with Jane Fonda, Doug McKeon, Dabney Coleman and William Lanteau appearing in supporting roles. The film's narrative revolves around an aged couple, cantankerous retiree Norman Thayer and his conciliatory wife Ethel, who spend summers at their New England vacation home on the shores of idyllic Golden Pond. This year, their adult daughter, Chelsea, visits with her new fianc\u00e9 and his teenage son, Billy, on their way to Europe. After leaving Billy behind to bond with Norman, Chelsea returns, attempting to repair the long-strained relationship with her aging father before it's too late.\nOn Golden Pond was released theatrically on December 4, 1981 and grossed $119.3 million domestically, becoming the second highest-grossing film of 1981. The film received critical acclaim for Rydell's direction, Thompson's screenplay and Hepburn and Fonda's performances.\nThe film received ten nominations at the 54th Academy Awards including Best Picture and won three: Best Actor (Henry Fonda), Best Actress (Hepburn) and Best Adapted Screenplay (Thompson). Henry Fonda won his only competitive Oscar with this film and at the age of 76 became the oldest winner in the Best Actor category, while Katharine Hepburn won her fourth Best Actress award, extending her own record for the most Oscars won by a thespian. \nOn Golden Pond is also one of the few movies to earn the nominations for the Big Five Academy Awards (Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, and Screenplay).", "Q330918": "Miro Fiore \"Meeno\" Peluce (born February 26, 1970) is an American photographer and former child actor.", "Q212575": "Count Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, often referred to as A. K. Tolstoy (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0439) (September 5 [O.S. August 24] 1817 \u2013 October 10 [O.S. September 28] 1875), was a Russian poet, novelist and playwright, considered to be the most important nineteenth-century Russian historical dramatist, primarily on the strength of his dramatic trilogy The Death of Ivan the Terrible (1866), Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich (1868), and Tsar Boris (1870). He also gained fame for his satirical works, published under his own name (History of the Russian State from Gostomysl to Timashev, The Dream of Councillor Popov) and under the collaborational pen name of Kozma Prutkov. His fictional works include the novella The Family of the Vourdalak, The Vampire (1841), and the historical novel Prince Serebrenni (1862).\nAleksey was a member of the Tolstoy family, and a second cousin of Leo Tolstoy. Due to his mother's closeness with the court of the Tsar, Aleksey was admitted to the future Alexander II's childhood entourage and became \"a comrade in games\" for the young Crown Prince. As a young man Tolstoy traveled widely, including trips to Italy and Germany, where he met Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Tolstoy began his education at home under the tutelage of his uncle the writer Antony Pogorelsky, under whose influence he first became interested in writing poetry, and a number of other teachers. In 1834 Tolstoy enrolled in the Moscow Foreign Ministry State Archive as a student. In December 1835 he completed exams (in English, French and German languages and literature, Latin, World and Russian history, and Russian statistics) at the University of Moscow.\nThroughout the 1840s Tolstoy led a busy high society life, full of pleasure trips, salon parties and balls, hunting sprees and fleeting romances. He also spent many years in state service as a bureaucrat and diplomat. In 1856, on the day of his Coronation, Alexander II appointed Tolstoy one of his personal aide-de-adjutants. Tolstoy served as an infantry major in the Crimean War. He eventually left state service in the early 1860s to pursue his literary career. He died in 1875 of a self-administered lethal dose of morphine at his Krasny Rog estate in the Chernigov Governorate.", "Q1078277": "Christel Bodenstein (born 13 October 1938, in Munich) is a German film and television actress. She appeared in many East German (GDR) productions and is best known outside Germany for her leading role as the young princess in The Singing Ringing Tree (1957).\n\n", "Q4014567": "John Alfred Stoddard Nash, Baron Nash (born 22 March 1949), formerly a British businessman, also formerly a Conservative Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Schools and co-founder of the charity Future, which was founded in 2005 which sponsors academies. Nash was Chair of the British Venture Capital Association (1988\u201389) and on the board of the Conservative think-tank, the Centre for Policy Studies. He is joint chairman of the Governors of Pimlico Academy.", "Q161245": "Las Ketchup is a Spanish girl group, founded by flamenco record producer Manuel \"Queco\" Ruiz. The group is best known for the 2002 hit single, \"The Ketchup Song (Aserej\u00e9)\", a single that sold over 7 million copies worldwide. The group's debut studio album, Hijas del Tomate, has sold over 2 million copies worldwide, but the second did not achieve the same success. \nThey represented Spain at Eurovision Song Contest 2006 in Athens with the song \"Un Blodymary\". The group has not released any singles since 2006, but still performs together publicly around Spain and other countries.", "Q94034": "Hermann Bahr (19 July 1863 \u2013 15 January 1934) was an Austrian writer, playwright, director, and critic.", "Q219420": "Edward Franklin Albee III ( AWL-bee; March 12, 1928 \u2013 September 16, 2016) was an American playwright known for works such as The Zoo Story (1958), The Sandbox (1959), Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962), A Delicate Balance (1966), and Three Tall Women (1994). Some critics have argued that some of his work constitutes an American variant of what Martin Esslin identified and named the Theater of the Absurd. Three of his plays won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, and two of his other works won the Tony Award for Best Play.\nHis works are often considered as frank examinations of the modern condition. His early works reflect a mastery and Americanization of the Theatre of the Absurd that found its peak in works by European playwrights such as Samuel Beckett, Eug\u00e8ne Ionesco, and Jean Genet.\nHis middle period comprised plays that explored the psychology of maturing, marriage, and sexual relationships. Younger American playwrights, such as Paula Vogel, credit Albee's daring mix of theatricality and biting dialogue with helping to reinvent the post-war American theatre in the early 1960s. Later in his life, Albee continued to experiment in works such as The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? (2002).", "Q879274": "Bizunesh Bekele (var. Bezunesh Bekele, Amharic: \u1265\u12d9\u1290\u123d \u1260\u1240\u1208; 1936 \u2013 25 June 1990) was an Ethiopian soul singer who was popular in the 1960s and 1970s.\nShe was born in 1936. Bizunesh has been called the \"Aretha Franklin of Ethiopia\" and the \"First Lady of Addis\". Bizunesh recorded popular songs in the 1970s such as \"Chenk Tibeb\" and \"Ayasayegn chinkun\". She sang in the Amharic, oromiffa language. She sometimes sang with the Gurage singer Mahmoud Ahmed. They were both known for appearing with the Imperial Body Guard Band or the Dahlak Banb.\nShe is featured on the recording Ethiopian Groove - The Golden Seventies (1994, Buda Musique).\n\n", "Q973995": "Naked City was an avant-garde music group led by saxophonist and composer John Zorn. Active primarily in New York City from 1988 to 1993, Naked City was initiated by Zorn as a \"composition workshop\" to test the limits of composition (and improvisation) in a traditional rock band lineup. Their music incorporated elements of jazz, surf, progressive rock, classical, heavy metal, grindcore, country, punk rock, and other genres.", "Q180911": "Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawar (Arabic: \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0648\u0631\u200e, born 1958) is an Iraqi politician. He was the Vice President under the Iraqi Transitional Government in 2006, and was Interim President of Iraq under the Iraqi Interim Government from 2004 to 2005. He also served as the President of the Governing Council of Iraq in 2004.\nAl-Yawar was originally a member of the Iraqi Governing Council created following the US-led 2003 invasion of Iraq. In 2004 he was appointed by the council to serve as interim President of Iraq following the 28 June return of Iraqi sovereignty from the Coalition Provisional Authority.\n\n", "Q92445": "Gerhard L\u00f6wenthal (born 8 December 1922 in Berlin, died 6 December 2002 in Wiesbaden) was a prominent German journalist, human rights activist and author. He presented the ZDF-Magazin, a news magazine of ZDF which highlighted human rights abuses in communist-ruled Eastern Europe, from 1969 to 1987. L\u00f6wenthal, who was known as a staunch anticommunist, was president of the Germany Foundation from 1977 to 1994.\nHe was Jewish and was deported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp during Nazi rule. After the war, he chose to remain in his native country and went on to study medicine. He also worked as a reporter for RIAS, before he became one of the first students at the Free University of Berlin. He considered himself \"a man of the center\" (\"ein Mann der Mitte\") and lamented the ever increasing trend towards left in the West German political life, which made him look like an arch-conservative.\nHis father-in-law was CDU politician and minister Ernst Lemmer.\nThe Gerhard L\u00f6wenthal Prize, annually awarded by his widow Ingeborg L\u00f6wenthal, the conservative newspaper Junge Freiheit and the Foundation for Conservative Education and Research, is named in his honour.\nHe is buried at the Jewish cemetery at Heerstra\u00dfe in Berlin.", "Q69191": "Laufenburg is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is the seat of the district of the same name. On 1 January 2010 the municipality Sulz merged into Laufenburg.It has approximately 2000 inhabitants. On the other side of the Rhine River lies Laufenburg (Baden), Germany. The same name is not by accident, as the two used to be the same city. In the early 19th century Napoleon divided the city. Two bridges now link both cities.\nIn 1985, Laufenburg received the Wakker Prize for the development and preservation of its architectural heritage.", "Q46172": "Sir Denis Thatcher, 1st Baronet, (10 May 1915 \u2013 26 June 2003) was a British businessman and former Army officer during World War II. As of 2020, Thatcher is the last commoner awarded a hereditary title; he was granted the Thatcher baronetcy in 1990.\nHe was married to Margaret Thatcher, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990. He was the first male spouse of a British prime minister.", "Q239928": "Kay Bailey Hutchison (born Kathryn Ann Bailey; July 22, 1943) is an American attorney, television correspondent, politician, and diplomat who is the 22nd United States Permanent Representative to NATO. A member of the Republican Party, she was previously a United States Senator from Texas from 1993 until 2013.\nBorn in Galveston, Texas, Hutchison is a graduate of the University of Texas at Austin. Prior to entering politics, she was an attorney and legal correspondent at KPRC-TV in Houston. She was a member of the Texas House of Representatives from 1972 to 1976. After a brief business career, she returned to politics in 1990 when she was elected Texas State Treasurer. In 1993, she was elected to the United States Senate in a nonpartisan special election, defeating Democratic incumbent Bob Krueger and becoming the first female senator in Texas history.\nAfter being reelected to the Senate in 1994, 2000, and 2006, Hutchison was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Texas in 2010, losing the Republican primary to incumbent Rick Perry. Hutchison was the most senior female Republican senator by the end of her tenure in 2013, and the fifth most senior female senator overall. In 2013, she joined the law firm Bracewell & Giuliani.On June 29, 2017, Hutchison was nominated by President Donald Trump to be the next United States Permanent Representative to NATO. She was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in a voice vote on August 3, 2017.", "Q122368": "\u00c9lie Ducommun (19 February 1833, Geneva \u2013 7 December 1906, Bern) was a Swiss peace activist. He was a Nobel laureate, awarded the 1902 Nobel Peace Prize, which he shared with Charles Albert Gobat.\nBorn in Geneva, he worked as a tutor, language teacher, journalist and a translator for the Swiss federal Chancellery (1869\u20131873).\nIn 1867 he helped to found the Ligue de la paix et de la libert\u00e9 (League of Peace and Freedom), though he continued working at other positions, including secretary for the Jura-Simplon Steel Company from 1873 to 1891. That year, he was appointed director of the newly formed Bureau international de la paix (International Peace Office), the first non-governmental international peace organization, based in Bern. He refused to accept a salary for the position, stating that he wished to serve in this capacity solely for reasons of idealism.\nHis keen organizational skills ensured the group's success. He was awarded in the Nobel Peace Prize in 1902, and served as director of the organization until his death in 1906.\n\n", "Q49241": "Lexington is the second-largest city in Kentucky and the 60th-largest city in the United States. Known as the \"Horse Capital of the World,\" it is the heart of the state's Bluegrass region. Notable locations in the city include the Kentucky Horse Park, The Red Mile and Keeneland race courses, Rupp Arena, Transylvania University, the University of Kentucky, and Bluegrass Community and Technical College. Lexington ranks 10th among US cities in college education rate, with 39.5% of residents having at least a bachelor's degree.In the 2018 U.S. Census Estimate, the city's population was 323,780 anchoring a metropolitan area of 516,697 people and a combined statistical area of 760,528 people. By land area, Lexington is the 28th largest city in the United States. The city is consolidated entirely within Fayette County, and vice versa. It has a nonpartisan mayor-council form of government, with 12 council districts and three members elected at large, with the highest vote-getter designated vice mayor.", "Q152857": "Downfall (German: Der Untergang) is a 2004 historical war drama film directed by Oliver Hirschbiegel from a screenplay by its producer, Bernd Eichinger. The film stars Bruno Ganz, Alexandra Maria Lara, Corinna Harfouch, Ulrich Matthes, Juliane K\u00f6hler, Heino Ferch, Christian Berkel, Matthias Habich, and Thomas Kretschmann. It is set during the Battle of Berlin in World War II, when Nazi Germany is on the verge of defeat, and depicts the final days of Adolf Hitler (portrayed by Ganz).\nPrincipal photography took place from September to November 2003, on location in Berlin, Munich, and in Saint Petersburg, Russia. As the film is set in and around the F\u00fchrerbunker, Hirschbiegel used eyewitness accounts, survivors' memoirs, and other historical sources during production to reconstruct the look and atmosphere of 1940s Berlin. The screenplay was based on the books Inside Hitler's Bunker by historian Joachim Fest and Until the Final Hour by Hitler's former private secretary Traudl Junge, among other accounts of the period.\nThe film premiered at the Toronto Film Festival on 14 September 2004. It was controversial with audiences for showing the human side of Hitler and its portrayal of members of the Third Reich. It later received a wide theatrical release in Germany under its production company Constantin Film. The film grossed over $92 million and received favourable reviews from critics, particularly for Ganz's performance as Adolf Hitler & Eichinger's screenplay. Downfall was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 77th Academy Awards. Scenes from the film, such as the one where a furious Hitler learns that the generals failed to obey his orders, spawned a series of Internet memes.", "Q4201878": "The Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian: \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a) is a structural unit in the Language and Literature Section of History and Philology Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This Institute is one of the major centers in the field of linguistic research in Russia.\nResearchers of the Institute of Linguistics are involved in the study of fundamental linguistic problems as well as in applied linguistic studies of the languages of Russia, the Commonwealth of Independent States and foreign countries too. These include Romance, Germanic, Celtic, Iranian, Turkic, Mongolian, Finno-Ugri\u0441 languages and languages of the Caucasus region, Tropical Africa and South-Eastern Asia.\nGreat attention is paid to the problems of linguistic typology and comparative and historical linguistics. Much attention is given to the research of psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic problems (language situation, language policy, language conflicts) in different regions of the world.", "Q373835": "Nathaniel Weyl (July 20, 1910 \u2013 April 13, 2005) was an American economist and author who wrote on a variety of social issues. A member of the Communist Party of the United States from 1933 until 1939 but, after leaving the party, he became a conservative and avowed anti-communist. In 1952 he played a minor role in the Alger Hiss case.", "Q1275927": "The Eggstock (2,455 m) is a mountain massif of the Schwyzer Alps, located on the border between the Swiss canton of Schwyz and canton of Glarus, north of Braunwald. It lies on the range east of the B\u00f6s Fulen, between the valley of B\u00f6sb\u00e4chi and the cirque of Braunwald and is composed of three summits: the Hinterer Eggstock (2,455 m), the Mittlerer Eggstock (2,436 m) and the Vorderer Eggstock (2,449 m).", "Q4354845": "Real Talk is an American privately held record label that was started in 2003. It is led by CEO/President Derrick \"Sac\" Johnson and is focused primarily on recording and releasing new albums with gold and platinum selling rap and R&B artists. Record Label Mogul/Rapper/Singer, \"Thuggi Pashiaan\", gets record deal, with Real Talk Entertainment.", "Q342430": "Mark Ian Addy (born 14 January 1964) is an English actor. He is known for varied roles in British television, including Detective Constable Gary Boyle in the sitcom The Thin Blue Line (1995\u20131996) and Hercules in the fantasy drama series Atlantis (2013\u20132015). \nHe made his film debut as Dave Horsefall in The Full Monty (1997), earning a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. Other notable roles include Fred Flintstone in The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000), Bill Miller in the CBS sitcom Still Standing (2002\u20132006) and King Robert Baratheon in the HBO fantasy series Game of Thrones (2011).\n\n", "Q443207": "Tavi Gevinson (born April 21, 1996) is an American writer, magazine editor, and actress. She came to public attention at the age of 12 due to her fashion blog Style Rookie. By the age of 15, she had shifted her focus to pop culture and feminist discussion.\nGevinson was the founder and editor-in-chief of the online magazine Rookie, aimed primarily at teenage girls.\n\n", "Q1253738": "Kimmo Pohjonen (born August 16, 1964) is a Finnish accordionist who is known for his avant-garde and experimental work with his custom-made electrified and modified instrument. He has released nine albums of his work and has toured Europe extensively, as well as performances in Japan and some in North America. He records and performs both solo and in collaboration with musicians and other artists, including the Kronos Quartet, and percussionist Pat Mastelotto and guitarist Trey Gunn of King Crimson. Pohjonen still lives in Finland when not on the road. He has performed with one of his daughters, Saana, who plays the drums.\n\n", "Q174648": "Gopala Ratnam Subramaniam (born 2 June 1956), commonly known by his screen name Mani Ratnam, is an Indian film director, screenwriter, and producer who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. In 2002, the Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri, acknowledging his contributions to film.\nDespite being born into a film family, Mani Ratnam did not develop any interest in films when he was young. Upon completion of his post graduation in management, he started his career as a consultant. He entered the film industry through the 1983 Kannada film Pallavi Anu Pallavi. The failure of his subsequent films would mean that he was left with fewer offers. However, his fifth directorial outing, Mouna Ragam (1986), established him as a leading filmmaker in Tamil cinema. He followed that with Nayakan (1987). Mani Ratnam is well known for his \"Terrorism trilogy\" consisting of Roja (1992), Bombay (1995), and Dil Se.. (1998).\nHe is married to actress Suhasini and has a son with her. He has won several film awards and nominations including six National Film Awards, six Filmfare Awards South and three Bollywood Filmfare Awards.", "Q1202211": "Forest Hills is a mostly residential neighborhood in the central portion of the borough of Queens in New York City. The north, east, and south boundaries are the Long Island Expressway (LIE), Grand Central Parkway, and Union Turnpike, respectively. Google Maps shows the western boundary running roughly along 102nd Street, 67th Avenue, and the Long Island Rail Road's former Rockaway Beach Branch; while the Encyclopedia of New York City defines the western boundary as Junction Boulevard and the former Rockaway Beach Branch. The area was originally referred to as \"Whitepot\".Forest Hills has a longstanding association with tennis: the Forest Hills Stadium hosted the U.S. Open until 1978 and the West Side Tennis Club offers grass courts for its members. The area's main commercial street, Austin Street, contains many restaurants and chain stores. Forest Hills is bordered by Flushing Meadows\u2013Corona Park and Forest Park, two of the largest parks in Queens by area.\nForest Hills is located in Queens Community District 6 and its ZIP Code is 11375. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 112th Precinct. Politically, Forest Hills is represented by the New York City Council's 29th District.", "Q314110": "James Franklin Hyneman (born September 25, 1956) is an American special effects expert who is best known as the co-host of the television series MythBusters alongside Adam Savage. He is also the owner of M5 Industries, the special effects workshop where MythBusters was filmed. He is known among Robot Wars devotees for his robot entry Blendo, which was deemed too dangerous for entry in the competition. He is the inventor of the Sentry, an unmanned firefighting robotic vehicle. He is also one of the designers of the aerial cable robotic camera system Wavecam used in sports and entertainment events.", "Q1493021": "The National Academy of Engineering (NAE) is an American nonprofit, non-governmental organization. The National Academy of Engineering is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the National Academy of Medicine, and the National Research Council.\nThe NAE operates engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. \nNew members are annually elected by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research. The NAE is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the rest of the National Academies the role of advising the federal government.", "Q664172": "Barbengo is a quarter of the city of Lugano, Switzerland. It includes the settlements of Cadepiano, Campagnore, Casaccia, Cernesio, Garaverio and Figino. Barbengo was formerly a municipality of its own, having been incorporated into Lugano in 2008.", "Q165745": "Mercury Records was an American record label owned by Universal Music Group. In the US, it operated through Island Records; in the UK, it was distributed by Virgin EMI Records.\nSince the separation of Island Records, Motown, Mercury Records, and Def Jam Recordings combining the Island Def Jam Music Group, Mercury Records has been placed under Island Records, although its back catalogue is still owned by The Island Def Jam Music Group.", "Q463869": "The Informer is a 1935 dramatic film, released by RKO. The plot concerns the underside of the Irish War of Independence, set in 1922. It stars Victor McLaglen, Heather Angel, Preston Foster, Margot Grahame, Wallace Ford, Una O'Connor and J. M. Kerrigan. The screenplay was written by Dudley Nichols from the novel of the same title by Liam O'Flaherty. It was directed by John Ford. The novel had previously been adapted for a British film The Informer (1929).\nAlong with Mutiny on the Bounty, The Informer was a big contender at the 8th Academy Awards, competing directly in all six categories they were nominated for (though Mutiny got eight nominations in total, given its three Best Actor nominations). The Informer won four Oscars: Best Director for Ford, Best Actor for McLaglen, Best Writing Screenplay for Nichols, and Best Score. In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"", "Q240233": "Diahann Carroll (; born Carol Diann Johnson; July 17, 1935 \u2013 October 4, 2019) was an American actress, singer, model, and activist. She rose to prominence in some of the earliest major studio films to feature black casts, including Carmen Jones (1954) and Porgy and Bess (1959). In 1962, Carroll won a Tony Award for best actress, a first for an African American woman, for her role in the Broadway musical No Strings.\nHer 1968 debut in Julia, the first series on American television to star a Black woman in a non-stereotypical role, was a milestone both in her career and the medium. In the 1980s, she played the role of Dominique Deveraux, a mixed-race diva, in the prime time soap opera Dynasty. Carroll was the recipient of numerous stage and screen nominations and awards, including the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress In a Television Series in 1968. She received an Academy Award for Best Actress nomination for the film Claudine (1974). She died on October 4, 2019 after a battle with breast cancer.", "Q1317608": "Oskar Joost (9 June 1898 \u2013 29 May 1941) was a German musician, who played violin, tenor saxophone and clarinet, as well as directing a dance orchestra.", "Q536854": "Fadi Chehad\u00e9 (Arabic: \u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629) (born 1962) is an information technology executive, founder of RosettaNet and former Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of ICANN.", "Q57719": "Xuzhou, known as Pengcheng in ancient times, is a major city in Jiangsu province, China. The city, with a recorded population of 8,577,225 at the 2010 census (2,623,066 of which lived in the built-up area), is a national complex transport hub. Xuzhou is a central city of Huaihai Economic Zone and Xuzhou Metropolitan Circle.The city is designated as National Famous Historical and Cultural City since 1986 for its relics, especially the terracotta armies, the Mausoleums of the princes and the art of relief of Han dynasty.\nXuzhou is an important node city of the country \u2019s \u201cThe Belt and Road\u201d, a central city in the Huaihai Economic Zone, an important central city in the northern wing of the Yangtze River Delta, a core city in the Xuzhou metropolitan area, and an international new energy base. Xuzhou has won titles such as the National Civilized City and the United Nations Habitat Award.\nXuzhou, one of the biggest cities in China and Jiangsu Province, is an important gateway city in East China.", "Q537592": "Allan Alcorn (born January 1, 1948) is an American pioneering engineer and computer scientist best known for creating Pong, one of the first video games.", "Q4885366": "Benjamin \"Ben\" Buckley (born 29 June 1967) is an Australian businessman, former Australian Rules Footballer and current chairman of the North Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League. He is the former chief executive officer of Football Federation Australia.", "Q966340": "Meyer Levin (October 7, 1905 \u2013 July 9, 1981) was an American novelist. Perhaps best known for his work on the Leopold and Loeb case, Levin worked as a journalist (for the Chicago Daily News and, from 1933\u201339, as an editor for Esquire).", "Q7317586": "Reunion Records is a contemporary Christian record label based in Brentwood, Tennessee, U.S., that operates under the Provident Label Group. The label was founded in 1982 by Dan Harrell and Mike Blanton.", "Q311068": "Wallace Michael Shawn (born November 12, 1943) is an American character actor, voice artist, comedian, playwright and essayist. His film roles have included those of Wally Shawn (a fictionalized version of himself) in the Louis Malle directed drama My Dinner with Andre (1981), John Lahr in Prick Up Your Ears (1987), Vizzini in The Princess Bride (1987), Mr. James Hall in Clueless (1995) and providing the voice of Rex in the Toy Story franchise. He has appeared in a variety of television series, including recurring roles as Grand Nagus Zek in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Cyrus Rose in Gossip Girl (2008\u20132012), and Dr. John Sturgis in Young Sheldon.\nHis plays include Obie Award-winning Aunt Dan and Lemon (1985), The Designated Mourner (1996) and Grasses of a Thousand Colors (2008). He also co-wrote the screenplay for My Dinner with Andre with Andre Gregory, and he scripted A Master Builder (2013), a film adaptation of the play by Henrik Ibsen, which he also starred in. His book Essays was published in 2009 by Haymarket Books.", "Q128645": "Arthur Meighen (; 16 June 1874 \u2013 5 August 1960) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the ninth prime minister of Canada, in office from July 1920 to December 1921 and again from June to September 1926. He led the Conservative Party from 1920 to 1926 and from 1941 to 1942.\nMeighen was born in rural Perth County, Ontario. His family came from Bovevagh near Dungiven in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. He studied mathematics at the University of Toronto, and then went on to Osgoode Hall Law School. After qualifying to practice law, he moved to Portage la Prairie, Manitoba. Meighen entered the House of Commons of Canada in 1908, aged 34, and in 1913 was appointed to the Cabinet of Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden. Under Borden, Meighen served as Solicitor General (1913\u20131917), Secretary of State for Canada (1917), Minister of Mines (1917; 1919\u20131920), Minister of the Interior (1917\u20131920), and Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs (1917\u20131920).\nIn 1920, Meighen succeeded Borden as Conservative leader and Prime Minister \u2013 the first born after Confederation, and the only one from a Manitoba riding. He suffered a heavy defeat in the 1921 election to Mackenzie King and the Liberal Party, but re-entered Parliament through a 1922 by-election and remained as Opposition Leader. In the 1925 election, the Conservatives won a plurality of seats, just eight short of a majority government, but Mackenzie King decided to hold onto power with the support of the Progressives.\nMeighen's brief second term as Prime Minister came about as the result of the \"King\u2013Byng Affair,\" being invited to form a ministry after Mackenzie King was refused an election request and resigned. He soon lost a no-confidence motion, however, and faced another federal election. Meighen lost his own seat, and the Conservatives lost 24, as Mackenzie King's Liberals re-took power.\nAfter losing the 1926 election, Meighen resigned as party leader and quit politics to return to his law practice. He was appointed to the Senate in 1932, and under R. B. Bennett served as Leader of the Government in the Senate and Minister without Portfolio until 1935. In 1941, aged 67, Meighen became leader of the Conservatives for a second time, following Robert Manion's resignation. He attempted to re-enter the House of Commons in a by-election for York South, but lost to the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation candidate and resigned as leader shortly thereafter.", "Q116973": "Jakob Dubs (26 July 1822 \u2013 13 January 1879) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1861\u20131872).\nAlong with Gustave Moynier and Guillaume-Henri Dufour, he founded the Swiss Red Cross in July 1866, and served as its first President until 1872. \nHe was elected to the Federal Council on 30 July 1861 and handed over office on 28 May 1872. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland.", "Q87048": "Paul Maar (born 13 December 1937) is one of the most important modern German writers for children and young people. He is a novelist, playwright, translator and illustrator.\n\n", "Q171730": "Georges Eug\u00e8ne Benjamin Clemenceau (, also US: , French: [\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 b\u025b\u0303\u0292am\u025b\u0303 klem\u0251\u0303so]; 28 September 1841 \u2013 24 November 1929) was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France during World War I. A leading figure of the Independent Radicals, he played a central role in the politics of the Third Republic.\nClemenceau was Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909 and from 1917 to 1920. Demanding a total victory over Germany, he wanted reparations, colonies, Alsace-Lorraine, and strict rules to prevent Germany from rearming. He achieved these goals in the Treaty of Versailles imposed on Germany at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. Nicknamed \"P\u00e8re la Victoire\" (Father Victory) or \"Le Tigre\" (The Tiger), in the 1920s he continued his harsh position against Germany, though not quite as much as the President Raymond Poincar\u00e9. He obtained mutual defense treaties with Britain and the United States, to unite against German aggression, but these never took effect.", "Q44003": "Theodor Herzl (; German: [\u02c8h\u025b\u0250tsl\u0329]; Hebrew: \u05ea\u05b5\u05bc\u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05d3\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05b6\u05e8\u05b0\u05e6\u05b0\u05dc Te'odor Hertsel; Hungarian: Herzl Tivadar; Hebrew name given at his brit milah Binyamin Ze'ev (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05b4\u05bc\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05df \u05d6\u05b0\u05d0\u05b5\u05d1), also known in Hebrew as \u05d7\u05d5\u05b9\u05d6\u05b5\u05d4 \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05b0\u05d3\u05b4\u05d9\u05e0\u05b8\u05d4, Chozeh HaMedinah, lit. \"Visionary of the State\"; 2 May 1860 \u2013 3 July 1904) was a Austro-Hungarian Jewish journalist, playwright, political activist, and writer who was the father of modern political Zionism. Herzl formed the Zionist Organization and promoted Jewish immigration to Palestine in an effort to form a Jewish state. Though he died before its establishment, he is known as the father of the State of Israel.\nWhile Herzl is specifically mentioned in the Israeli Declaration of Independence and is officially referred to as \"the spiritual father of the Jewish State\", i.e. the visionary who gave a concrete, practicable platform and framework to political Zionism, he was not the first Zionist theoretician or activist; scholars, many of them religious such as rabbis Yehuda Bibas, Zvi Hirsch Kalischer and Judah Alkalai, promoted a range of proto-Zionist ideas before him.", "Q873759": "Console (also known as Acid Pauli) is an electronic music project founded by Martin Gretschmann, the former lead programmer for the German band Notwist. The band incorporates elements of electronic music.", "Q23098": "Derbyshire () is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire, containing the southern extremity of the Pennine range of hills which extend into the north of the county. The county contains part of the National Forest, and borders on Greater Manchester to the northwest, West Yorkshire to the north, South Yorkshire to the northeast, Nottinghamshire to the east, Leicestershire to the southeast, Staffordshire to the west and southwest and Cheshire also to the west.\nKinder Scout, at 636 metres (2,087 ft), is the highest point in the county, whilst Trent Meadows, where the River Trent leaves Derbyshire, is its lowest point at 27 metres (89 ft).:1 The River Derwent is the county's longest river at 66 miles (106 km), and runs roughly north to south through the county. In 2003 the Ordnance Survey placed Church Flatts Farm at Coton in the Elms (near Swadlincote) as the furthest point from the sea in Great Britain.The city of Derby is a unitary authority area, but remains part of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. The non-metropolitan county contains 30 towns with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants. There is a large amount of sparsely populated agricultural upland: 75% of the population live in 25% of the area.", "Q167152": "Soissons (French pronunciation: \u200b[swas\u0254\u0303]) is a commune in the northern French department of Aisne, in the region of Hauts-de-France. Located on the Aisne River, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Paris, it is one of the most ancient towns of France, and is probably the ancient capital of the Suessiones. Soissons is also the see of an ancient Roman Catholic diocese, whose establishment dates from about 300, and it was the location of a number of church synods called \"Council of Soissons\".", "Q359010": "Gregory Andrew \"Greg\" Rikaart (born February 26, 1977) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Kevin Fisher on the television soap opera The Young and the Restless from 2003 to present. \nThroughout his career, Rikaart has received six nominations for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and won once in 2005.", "Q682391": "Joseph Washington Frazer (March 4, 1892 \u2013 August 7, 1971) was a mid-20th century American automobile company executive. Over the course of his life, Joe Frazer was employed in half a dozen different companies as a mechanic, instructor, financier, salesman, president and board chairman. He held down top executive positions in Chrysler, Willys-Overland, and Graham-Paige, before partnering with Henry J. Kaiser to form the Kaiser-Frazer Corporation. He was an important figure in the classic era of American car building.", "Q126668": "Senlis (French pronunciation: \u200b[s\u0251\u0303lis]) is a commune in the northern French department of Oise.\nThe monarchs of the early French dynasties lived in Senlis, attracted by the proximity of the Chantilly forest. It is known for its Gothic cathedral and other historical monuments. Its inhabitants are called \"Senlisiens\" and \"Senlisiennes\".", "Q676576": "Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (IATA: DCA, ICAO: KDCA, FAA LID: DCA), also known as Reagan National Airport, or, more simply, Washington National, Reagan Airport or National Airport, is an airport in Arlington, Virginia, located adjacent to the border of Washington, D.C. It is the smaller of two commercial airports operated by the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority that serve the National Capital Region (NCR) around Washington, D.C. (the larger airport being Washington Dulles International Airport approximately 30 miles (48 km) to the west in Virginia's Fairfax and Loudoun counties). The airport is just five miles from downtown Washington, D.C. and the border is visible from the airport, making it the nearest and most convenient commercial airport to the capital.\nThe airport's original name was Washington National Airport. Congress adopted the present name to honor President Ronald Reagan in 1998. MWAA operates the airport with close oversight by the federal government due to its proximity to the national capital.\nFlights into and out of the airport are generally not allowed to exceed 1,250 statute miles (2,010 km) in any direction nonstop, in an effort to send coast-to-coast and overseas traffic to the larger but more distant Washington Dulles International Airport, though there are 40 slot exemptions to this rule. Planes are required to take unusually complicated paths to avoid restricted and prohibited airspace above sensitive landmarks, government buildings, and military installations in and around Washington, D.C., and to comply with some of the tightest noise restrictions in the country.The small size of this airport imposes serious constraints on its capacity, but Reagan National currently serves 98 nonstop destinations. Reagan is a hub for American Airlines. The airport does not have any United States immigration and customs facilities as the only scheduled international flights allowed to land at the airport are those from airports with U.S. Customs and Border Protection preclearance facilities, which generally encompasses flights from major airports in Canada and from some destinations in the Caribbean. Other international passenger flights to the Washington, D.C. area must use Washington Dulles International Airport or Baltimore\u2013Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. There are currently five scheduled international routes, which are to cities in Canada, the Bahamas, and Bermuda.The airport served 23.5 million passengers in 2018. In 2019, DCA served 23,945,527 passengers, an increase of 1.8% over 2018, and a new passenger record for the airport.", "Q457514": "Miguel Anselmo Azcona Bernad, S.J. (May 8, 1917 \u2013 March 15, 2009) was a Filipino Jesuit priest, educator, linguist, critic, academic, historian, author, journalist and editor. Son of Misamis Mayor and Misamis Occidental Governor Don Anselmo Bernad, he entered the Society of Jesus on June 7, 1932 and was ordained March 24, 1946 in the Fordham University Church. He was editor-in-chief of Philippine Studies from 1956 to 1959 and founder of Kinaadman Journal Research Office in 1979.\nHis doctoral dissertation at Yale University (1951) was entitled, \"The Faculty of Arts in the Jesuit Colleges in the Eastern Part of the United States: Theory and Practice, 1782\u22121923.\" A few of his early publications treat Jesuit education, notably \"The Class of Humanities in the Ratio Studiorum\" (1953) and \"The Ignatian Way in Education\" (1956). Worldcat credits Bernad with 72 works in 216 publications.\nHis memorabilia collection is housed at Xavier University \u2013 Ateneo de Cagayan. He was buried at the Manresa Jesuit Cemetery at SEARSOLIN (a research center of Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan).", "Q456839": "Ileana Espinel Cede\u00f1o (October 31, 1933 \u2013 February 21, 2001) was an Ecuadorian journalist, poet and writer. She was born and died in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Her pen name was Ileana Espinal.", "Q2697988": "Unitarianists or Unitarians (in Spanish, Unitarios) were the proponents of the concept of a unitary state (centralized government) in Buenos Aires during the civil wars which shortly followed the Declaration of Independence of Argentina in 1816. They were opposed to the Argentine Federalists, who wanted a federation of independent provinces. (Argentine Unitarianism was an ideologic grouping, not a religious one, and it is unrelated to religious Unitarianism.)\nIn the Argentine War of Independence the forces of the United Provinces of the R\u00edo de la Plata fought Spanish royalists who attempted to regain control of their American colonies after the Napoleonic Wars.\nAfter the victorious May Revolution of 1810, disagreements arose between the dominant province of Buenos Aires, who were known as Unitarianists, and the other provinces of Argentina, known as the Federalists. These were evident at least as early as the declaration of Argentine independence in 1816.\nThe Unitarianists lost their controlling power after the Battle of Cepeda (1820), which was followed by several months of chaos. However, the Unitarianists were forced to sign a treaty with other provinces. This did not solve the conflicts between the Federalists and the Unitarians.\nUnder President Bernardino Rivadavia (1826\u20131827), the Unitarianists gained control for a short period of time. The Constitution of 1826 allowed for a balance between the ideas of the Unitarianists and the Federalists: \u201cIt provided for a centralized national authority while leaving the provinces with considerable local powers.\u201d However, the constitution was rejected by provincial caudillos, military leaders, and the conflict continued.\nForced to resign, the Government of Buenos Aires and the Foreign relations of the country were taken over by Federalist Manuel Dorrego. However, a contingent of military led by Juan Lavalle, opposed to the peace negotiations with the Brazilian Empire after the end of the Cisplatine War took over the Buenos Aires Government and shot Dorrego at Navarro.\nIn 1829, Juan Manuel de Rosas, the leader of a troop of Federalists, became the Governor of Buenos Aires after defeating General Juan Lavalle, who was then forced into exile. Although Rosas was a Federalist, his following of the principles of Federalism has often been questioned.\nIn 1830, the Unitarian League was created by General Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Paz in order to defeat the Federalists. The Federalists faced Paz and his troops on May 31, 1831 and the Unitarianists were defeated after the Gauchos captured the Unitarianist commander. The Provinces of the Unitarian League gradually joining into the Federal Pact and the Argentine Confederation.\nAlthough the Unitarians exiled in neighboring countries, the Civil War would continue for another two decades, the Unitarians being led by Lavalle, Paz, Lamadrid, and many others.\nWith support from Corrientes Province and the Brazilian Empire, Justo Jos\u00e9 de Urquiza, Federalist caudillo of Entre R\u00edos Province, finally defeated Rosas at the Battle of Caseros on February 3, 1852. On May, the San Nicol\u00e1s Agreement was signed by the provincial governors. The pact reinstated the 1831 Federal Pact original provisions for a constitutional convention.\nIn 1853 the Autonomists of Buenos Aires (many of them former Unitarians) broke away from the Argentine Confederation after Urquiza nationalized the customs receipts from Buenos Aires and allowed the free flow of trade on the Parana and Uruguay rivers. In 1859 Buenos Aires was forced to accept the federal constitution of 1853 after six years of secession, after Mitre was defeated at the 1859 Battle of Cepeda by Urquiza. However, the federal constitution was \"amended to allow Buenos Aires greater influence\" after the ensuing 1861 Battle of Pav\u00f3n. Mitre was then chosen as President of a new national government.\nOpposition to the Unitarianists continued until 1890 under the C\u00f3rdoba League.", "Q337722": "Gavin Shane DeGraw (born February 4, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter. He rose to fame with the single \"I Don't Want to Be\" from his debut album Chariot (2003); the song became the theme song for the television drama series One Tree Hill. Other notable singles from his debut album \"Chariot\" and \"Follow Through\". His second album, Gavin DeGraw, was released in 2008 and included the top-20 single \"In Love with a Girl\". In 2009, DeGraw released his third album, Free. His fourth album, Sweeter (2011), spawned the hit single \"Not Over You\" along with \"Soldier\" and \"Sweeter\". In 2013, DeGraw released Make a Move, and Something Worth Saving followed in September 2016.\nDeGraw's duet with Colbie Caillat on \"We Both Know\" for the 2013 film Safe Haven received a Grammy Award nomination.", "Q369138": "Donald Eugene Ulrich (August 15, 1941 \u2013 July 17, 1974), best known by the stage name Don Rich, was an American country musician who helped develop the Bakersfield sound in the early 1960s. He was a noted guitarist and fiddler, and a member of The Buckaroos, the backing band of country singer Buck Owens. Rich was killed in a motorcycle accident in 1974 at the age of 32.", "Q116740": "Alexander Joseph Sulkowski (Polish: Aleksander J\u00f3zef Su\u0142kowski; 15 March 1695 \u2013 21 May 1762) was a Saxon-Polish general and the progenitor of the Su\u0142kowski noble line.\nThe Krak\u00f3w-born Sulkowski was a favorite companion of August III the Saxon, son of Polish King Augustus II the Strong, and his Minister of State in Saxony from 1733 to 1738. He was created a Count of the Holy Roman Empire in 1733, and elevated to the rank of Prince of Bielsko by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria in 1754. According to some sources, Alexander Joseph was an illegitimate son born to El\u017cbieta Szalewska from King Augustus II. El\u017cbieta's husband, Stanis\u0142aw Su\u0142kowski, gave Alexander Joseph his last name.\nOn 31 October 1728, Sulkowski married Baroness Marie Franciszka Frn von Stain zu Jettingen (2 February 1712 \u2013 16 November 1741). They had eight children. In 1743, he married Css Anna Przebendowska (25 July 1721 \u2013 1795), with whom he had four more children. Sulkowski died 21 May 1762, aged 67, in Leszno.", "Q65026": "Eschlikon is a municipality in the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q106553": "D\u00e9sir\u00e9e Saskia Nick (born 30 September 1956 in Berlin) is a German actress, dancer, and writer.", "Q62749": "Hermann Heller (17 July 1891 \u2013 5 November 1933) was a German legal scholar and philosopher of Jewish descent. He was active in the non-Marxist wing of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) during the Weimar Republic. He attempted to formulate the theoretical foundations of the social-democratic relations to the state, and nationalism. He was politically active in the relatively conservative Hofgeismarer Kreis of the SPD and is believed to have authored the group's statement of principles.\n\nHeller was born in Teschen, Austrian Silesia. In World War I he volunteered for the army, served in an Austro-Hungarian artillery regiment and got a heart disease at the front. In 1921 Heller was married to the dancer Gertrud Falke (daughter of famed German poet Gustav Falke). They had three children, Jane, Ruth, and Lukas. Lucy Heller, Bruno Heller Emily Heller, and Zoe Heller are his grandchildren. In 1928 Heller had a short relationship with Elisabeth Langg\u00e4sser. Their daughter, Cordelia, was born in 1929.\nIn his short life, he was involved in a number of political debates and controversies, most notably with Hans Kelsen, Carl Schmitt and Max Adler. In short, Heller's theories are both a reinterpretation of Hegelian social theory and an emendation of Bernstein's revisionism. Heller calls for the integration of the working class in the social, cultural and political structures of the nation-state. Against Carl Schmitt he argued that it is not so much the state of emergency, but rather the state of social and political stability which defines the sovereign. He is generally perceived to have been a major influence on Carlo Schmid who, in turn, drafted most of the German Constitution and was the main force behind the reform of the SPD.\nHeller was forced to go into exile in 1933 with his wife and children, and died in Madrid in the same year, leaving his Magnum Opus, the Staatslehre, unfinished. His collected works, in three volumes, have been published by the Mohr Verlag of T\u00fcbingen.\nRecently, there is a renewed interest in Heller's work, especially in Germany. Some of his work has been translated in English. His views have been influential in both Japan and the Spanish-speaking world.", "Q1605762": "Steve Swindells (born 21 November 1952) is an English singer-songwriter, keyboardist, party organizer, club promoter and journalist.", "Q1546191": "Western Michigan University (WMU) is a public research university in Kalamazoo, Michigan. It was established in 1903 by Dwight B. Waldo. Its enrollment, as of the Fall 2019 semester, was 21,470.The university's athletic teams compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and are known as the Western Michigan Broncos. They compete in the Mid-American Conference for most sports.", "Q378035": "Olga Georges-Picot (6 January 1940 \u2013 19 June 1997) was a French actress. She was a great-niece of Fran\u00e7ois Georges-Picot.", "Q91819": "Wolfgang Joachim Zuckermann (11 October 1922 \u2013 31 October 2018) was a German-born American harpsichord maker and writer. He was known for inventing a highly popular kit for constructing new instruments and wrote an influential book, The Modern Harpsichord. As a social activist, he authored books including The Mews of London and The End of the Road.", "Q1507873": "George McCorkle (October 11, 1946 \u2013 June 29, 2007) was a founding member and guitarist for the Marshall Tucker Band. He wrote \"Fire on the Mountain\", the band's first top 40 hit, though had hoped that Charlie Daniels would record the song. He left the band in 1984 and later worked as a songwriter. He released a solo album, American Street, in 1999. McCorkle was diagnosed with cancer in early June 2007 and died soon afterward, in Lebanon, Tennessee.", "Q3551294": "Universal Motown Republic Group (UMRG) was an umbrella label founded in 1999 by Universal Music Group to oversee the labels assigned to its unit. UMRG was formed in 1999 by pooling together Universal Records, Motown Records, and Republic Records, (the first of the three is now defunct), but which gave way to the current incarnations of those labels at the time, Universal Motown Records and Universal Republic Records.\nUniversal Motown Republic Group was one of the three Universal Music Group umbrella units in North America to deal primarily with mainstream pop, rock, and urban performers; the others being: The Island Def Jam Music Group and Interscope-Geffen-A&M. Barry Weiss served as Chairman & CEO of the Company. In the summer of 2011, changes were made at the Universal Motown Republic Group umbrella: Motown Records was separated from Universal Motown Records (causing it to shut down and transfer its artists to either Motown Records or Universal Republic Records) and the umbrella label and merged into The Island Def Jam Music Group, making Universal Republic Records a stand-alone label and shutting down Universal Motown Republic Group.", "Q545689": "Bryan Charles Hollon (born June 22, 1974), better known by his stage name Boom Bip, is an American record producer and musician. He is one half of Neon Neon along with Gruff Rhys. He is based in Los Angeles, California.", "Q88390": "Lotte Ingrisch (born Charlotte Gruber; July 20, 1930 in Vienna), daughter of Emma and Karl Gruber, is an Austrian author and playwright.\nFrom 1949 to 1965, the author was married to the Austrian philosopher Hugo Ingrisch. In 1966, she married Austrian composer Gottfried von Einem (died 1996), for whom she wrote a number of libretti.\nDuring the fifties and sixties, Lotte Ingrisch published some novels under the nom de plume \"Tessa T\u00fcvari\". From the seventies onward, she became a renowned playwright (stage and radio) and wrote libretti for her husband's operas. A good part of her work has been translated into English, Spanish and other world languages, as shown by worldCat", "Q214851": "Prof Charles Robert Richet (25 August 1850 \u2013 4 December 1935) was a French physiologist at the Coll\u00e8ge de France known for his pioneering work in immunology. In 1913, he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine \"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis\". Richet devoted many years to the study of paranormal and spiritualist phenomena, coining the term \"ectoplasm\". He also believed in the inferiority of blacks, was a proponent of eugenics and presided over the French Eugenics Society towards the end of his life. The Richet line of professorships of medical science would continue through his son Charles and his grandson Gabriel. Gabriel Richet was one of the great pioneers of European nephrology.", "Q438138": "Sandra Louise Maud Edlind Friberg (born Louise Edlind on 15 July 1946) is a Swedish actress, model and politician.", "Q100122": "Kurt Kreuger (July 23, 1916 \u2013 July 12, 2006) was a Swiss-reared German actor. Kreuger once was the third most requested male actor at 20th Century Fox. He starred with, among others, Ingrid Bergman and Humphrey Bogart.", "Q64338": "Ardez ([\u0250r\u02c8d\u025bts] ) is a former municipality in the district of Inn in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in eastern Switzerland. The village is located in the Lower Engadin valley. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Ardez, Guarda, Tarasp, Ftan and Sent merged into the municipality of Scuol.", "Q134287": "Tarsus (; Hittite: Tarsa; Greek: \u03a4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2 Tars\u00f3s; Armenian: \u054f\u0561\u0580\u057d\u0578\u0576 Tarson; Hebrew: \u05ea\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05e9 \u1e6car\u015b\u012b\u015b; Arabic: \u0637\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0633\u200e \u1e6cars\u016bs) is a historic city in south-central Turkey, 20 km (12 miles) inland from the Mediterranean. It is part of the Adana-Mersin metropolitan area, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Turkey with a population of 3 million people. Tarsus forms an administrative district in the eastern part of the Mersin Province and lies in the core of \u00c7ukurova region.\nWith a history going back over 6,000 years, Tarsus has long been an important stop for traders and a focal point of many civilizations. During the Roman Empire, Tarsus was the capital of the province of Cilicia. It was the scene of the first meeting between Mark Antony and Cleopatra, and the birthplace of Paul the Apostle.", "Q579170": "Vladimir Teodorovich Spivakov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043f\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432) (born 12 September 1944 in Ufa), is a leading Soviet and Russian conductor and violinist best known for his work with the Moscow Virtuosi chamber orchestra.\nAt the age of 13, Spivakov was awarded the first prize at the major conductor contest in Moscow. He studied at the Moscow Conservatory under Yuri Yankelevich and debuted with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in 1979. The same year he established the Moscow Virtuosi chamber orchestra and became the Artistic Director and Principal Conductor ever since. In 1984, Leonard Bernstein presented his conductor's baton to Spivakov. In 1989 he emigrated to Spain. Spivakov was named the People's Artist of the USSR in 1991. Three years later, he established the Vladimir Spivakov International Charity Foundation to help Russian orphans. In 2000 he was awarded the L\u00e9gion d'honneur for his work as an artistic director of the Colmar International Festival, for which he has worked since 1989. His wife Sati is a TV anchor. He has three daughters, Tatiana, Katia and Anna.\nSpivakov is also considered one of the foremost violinists of his generation, having studied with Yuri Yankelevich at the Moscow Conservatory. He was a prizewinner at several competitions in Moscow, Paris, Genoa, and Montreal.\nSpivakov currently serves as the Artistic Director and Principal Conductor of the National Philharmonic of Russia. He conducted the music for Garri Bardin's 2010 animated feature, The Ugly Duckling.In March 2014 he signed a letter in support of Vladimir Putin's policies regarding the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea and Ukraine.", "Q1072969": "Theodore Childress \"Chill\" Wills (July 18, 1902 \u2013 December 15, 1978) was an American actor and a singer in the Avalon Boys Quartet.", "Q1911332": "Maurice Raymond \"Hank\" Greenberg (born May 4, 1925) is an American business executive and former chairman and chief executive officer of American International Group (AIG), which was the world's 18th largest public company and the largest insurance and financial services corporation in history.\nHe is currently chairman and chief executive officer of C.V. Starr, a diversified financial services firm that is named for the founder of AIG, Cornelius Vander Starr. He joined C.V. Starr as vice president in 1960 and was given the additional responsibilities of president of American Home Assurance Company in 1962. He was elected director of C.V. Starr in 1965, chairman and chief executive officer in 1968 and continues in that role. Greenberg is also the chairman of the board of directors and managing director of Starr International Company Inc. C.V. Starr and Starr International are collectively known as the Starr Companies. Greenberg was named the most connected business executive in New York by Crain's New York Business.", "Q981256": "Alexandre Astruc (French: [ast\u0281yk]; 13 July 1923 \u2013 19 May 2016) was a French film critic and film director.", "Q124094": "Johann Caspar (also Kaspar) Bluntschli (7 March 1808 \u2013 21 October 1881) was a Swiss jurist and politician. Together with fellow liberals Francis Lieber and \u00c9douard Ren\u00e9 de Laboulaye, he developed one of the first codes of international law and war.", "Q719628": "Amuse, Inc. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30a2\u30df\u30e5\u30fc\u30ba, Kabushikigaisha Amy\u016bzu) is a Japanese entertainment company that provides artist management services. The artists include gravure idols, musicians, and so on.\nAmuse produces TV & radio programs, commercial films, and movies. Other interests are in publication, music software, and patent agent businesses. The private Amuse Museum, located in Asakusa, Tokyo, is owned by the company. It features ukiyo-e and textile displays.", "Q11569986": "Printmaking is the process of creating artworks by printing, normally on paper. Printmaking normally covers only the process of creating prints that have an element of originality, rather than just being a photographic reproduction of a painting. Except in the case of monotyping, the process is capable of producing multiples of the same piece, which is called a print. Each print produced is considered an \"original\" work of art, and is correctly referred to as an \"impression\", not a \"copy\" (that means a different print copying the first, common in early printmaking). Often impressions vary considerably, whether intentionally or not. The images on most prints are created for that purpose, perhaps with a preparatory study such as a drawing. A print that copies another work of art, especially a painting, is known as a \"reproductive print\".\nPrints are created by transferring ink from a matrix to a sheet of paper or other material, by a variety of techniques. Common types of matrices include: metal plates, usually copper or zinc, or polymer plates and other thicker plastic sheets for engraving or etching; stone, aluminum, or polymer for lithography; blocks of wood for woodcuts and wood engravings; and linoleum for linocuts. Screens made of silk or synthetic fabrics are used for the screen printing process. Other types of matrix substrates and related processes are discussed below.\nMultiple impressions printed from the same matrix form an edition. Since the late 19th century, artists have generally signed individual impressions from an edition and often number the impressions to form a limited edition; the matrix is then destroyed so that no more prints can be produced. Prints may also be printed in book form, such as illustrated books or artist's books.", "Q2346842": "Futbol Club Barcelona \"C\" was a Spanish football team that folded on 2 July 2007. The youth team of FC Barcelona, it played its home games at the Mini Estadi.\nFounded in 1967 as Barcelona Amateur, it adopted the name FC Barcelona C in 1993. Unlike the English League, youth teams in Spain play in the same football pyramid as their senior team rather than a separate league. However youth and reserve teams cannot play in the same division as their senior teams.\nFC Barcelona C last played in the fourth division. They were ineligible for promotion to the third level, as FC Barcelona B were playing in that category. Club president Joan Laporta chose not inscribe the team in Primera Catalana for 2007\u201308, after the B team dropped to the fourth level.", "Q1983888": "Eric Wrixon (29 June 1947 \u2013 13 July 2015) was a musician from Belfast, Northern Ireland, and a founding member of Them and Thin Lizzy. He came up with the band name \"Them\" (from the 1954 sci-fi film Them!), but as he was a minor his parents declined to sign a recording contract on his behalf and he was replaced in July 1964 prior to recording with the band. By August 1965, he had completed his studies and very briefly returned to Them.Wrixon was next a member of Belfast R&B group The People and probably played on the two tracks they contributed to the February 1966 compilation album Ireland's Greatest Sounds: Five Top Groups From Belfast's Maritime Club (both tracks feature keyboards). While based in Blackpool, Wrixon left the band in mid-1966 to join another Belfast band, the Wheels, with whom he recorded the single 'Kicks' in August 1966. \nIn 1967, he moved to Germany with The Never Never Band and subsequently joined Irish midlands-based pop group The Trixons, who also released a number of singles in the late 1960s. He quit in 1969, when he and fellow-Belfast exile Eric Bell began recruiting a new band from among the Dublin musical scene. The result in early 1970 was Thin Lizzy, but Wrixon left in July of that year due to lack of finances and returned to Germany.Wrixon briefly joined a reformed Them in Hamburg, recording the 1979 album, Shut Your Mouth but leaving before its promotional tour. In 1993, he formed 'Them \u2013 The Belfast Blues Band' \u2013 often billed by media and promoters as 'Them' \u2013 for \"progressive rhythm and blues\" live performances throughout Europe (including a 1996 tour), featuring his songs such as Crazy Woman and Marcel's Song. Wrixon later lived in Italy and toured with a line-up including himself (vocals and keyboards), Billy McCoy (guitars), Luca Nardi (bass) and Tom Wagener (drums). The band also recorded a studio album and were planning a live concert DVD. \nWrixon died on 13 July 2015 in Italy at the age of 68.", "Q123923": "Radovan Karad\u017ei\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0420\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u045f\u0438\u045b, pronounced [r\u00e2do\u028ba\u02d0n k\u00e2rad\u0292it\u0255]; born 19 June 1945) is a Bosnian Serb former politician and convicted war criminal who served as the President of Republika Srpska during the Bosnian War.Trained as a psychiatrist, he co-founded the Serb Democratic Party in Bosnia and Herzegovina and served as the first President of Republika Srpska from 1992 to 1996. He was a fugitive from 1996 until July 2008, after having been indicted for war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The indictment concluded there were reasonable grounds for believing he committed war crimes, including genocide against Bosniak and Croat civilians during the Bosnian War (1992\u201395). While a fugitive, he worked at a private clinic in Belgrade, specializing in alternative medicine and psychology, under an alias.He was arrested in Belgrade on 21 July 2008 and brought before Belgrade's War Crimes Court a few days later. Extradited to the Netherlands, he was placed in the custody of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in the United Nations Detention Unit of Scheveningen, where he was charged with 11 counts of war crimes. He is sometimes referred to by the Western media as the \"Butcher of Bosnia\", a sobriquet also applied to former Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) General Ratko Mladi\u0107. On 24 March 2016, he was found guilty of the genocide in Srebrenica, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, 10 of the 11 charges in total, and sentenced to 40 years' imprisonment. On 22 July 2016, he filed an appeal against his conviction. The appeal was rejected on 20 March 2019, and the sentence was increased to life imprisonment.", "Q935095": "Henryk Flinik (January 20, 1928 in Gniezno \u2013 September 20, 2008, Gniezno) was a Polish field hockey player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1960 Summer Olympics. \nHe was part of the Polish field hockey team, which competed in the 1952 Olympic tournament. He played as forward in the only match for Poland in the main tournament as well as in one match in the consolation tournament. \nEight years later in the 1960 Olympic tournament he played all four matches for Poland.", "Q829": "Utah ( YOO-tah, (listen) YOO-taw) is a state in the western United States. It is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south, and Nevada to the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast. Of the fifty U.S. states, Utah is the 13th-largest by area, and with a population over three million, the 30th-most-populous and 11th-least-densely populated. Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas: the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, which is home to roughly two-thirds of the population, and Washington County in the south, with more than 170,000 residents.The territory of modern Utah was inhabited by various indigenous groups for thousands of years, including the ancient Puebloans, the Navajo, and the Ute. The Spanish were the first to arrive in the mid-16th century, though the region's difficult geography and climate made it a peripheral part of New Spain and later Mexico. Even while it was part of Mexico, many of Utah's earliest settlers were American, particularly Mormons fleeing marginalization and persecution from the United States. Following the Mexican-American War, it became part of the Utah Territory, which included what are now Colorado and Nevada. Disputes between the dominant Mormon community and the federal government delayed Utah's admission as a state; only after the outlawing of polygamy was it admitted as the 45th, in 1896.\nA little more than half of all Utahns are \"Mormons\", identifying as members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which has its world headquarters in Salt Lake City; Utah is the only state where most of the population belongs to a single church. This greatly influences Utahn culture, politics, and daily life, though since the 1990s the state has become more religiously diverse as well as secular.\nThe state has a highly diversified economy, with major sectors including transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, and mining and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation. In 2013, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second-fastest-growing population of any state. St. George was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005. Utah also has the 14th-highest median average income and the least income inequality of any U.S. state. A 2012 Gallup national survey found Utah overall to be the \"best state to live in the future\" based on 13 forward-looking measurements including various economic, lifestyle, and health-related outlook metrics.", "Q115249": "Ferdinand \"Fred\" Immler (December 10, 1880 \u2013 February 20, 1965) was a German stage and film actor.", "Q1205595": "NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan LLC (NBC\u30e6\u30cb\u30d0\u30fc\u30b5\u30eb\u30fb\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30c6\u30a4\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u30b8\u30e3\u30d1\u30f3\u5408\u540c\u4f1a\u793e, Enub\u012bsh\u012b Yunib\u0101saru Ent\u0101teimento Japan G\u014dd\u014d-gaisha) (abbreviated as NBCUEJ) is a Japanese music, anime and home entertainment production and distribution enterprise headquartered in Akasaka, Minato, Tokyo, Japan. From its days as Pioneer LDC, NBCUEJ has been involved in the production and distribution of several anime in Japan. Geneon's North American branch (founded as Pioneer Entertainment) specialized in translating and distributing anime and related merchandise, such as soundtracks across the region. Geneon is a portmanteau of the English words, generate and eon. On February 1, 2009, Geneon merged with Universal Pictures Japan into Geneon Universal Entertainment. On December 9, 2013, the company changed its name to the current NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan. Outside Japan, the majority of NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan's anime titles are distributed by Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment Australia in the Oceanic region, Universal Pictures in the UK and Ireland, and Universal Pictures Home Entertainment in North America, although some of their shows have been licensed to other companies such as Funimation and Sentai Filmworks.\n\n", "Q227525": "36 Crazyfists is a metalcore band formed in Anchorage, Alaska, and later based in Portland, Oregon. The band's name comes from the Jackie Chan film Jackie Chan and the 36 Crazy Fists. They have released eight studio albums.\n\n", "Q38453": "Columbia is the capital and second largest city of the U.S. state of South Carolina, with a population estimate of 133,451 as of 2018. The city serves as the county seat of Richland County, and a portion of the city extends into neighboring Lexington County. It is the center of the Columbia metropolitan statistical area, which had a population of 767,598 as of the 2010 United States Census, growing to 832,666 by July 1, 2018, according to 2018 U.S. Census estimates. This makes it the 70th largest metropolitan statistical area in the nation, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau as of July 1, 2018. The name Columbia is a poetic term used for the United States, originating from the name of Christopher Columbus.\nThe city is located approximately 13 miles (21 km) northwest of the geographic center of South Carolina, and is the primary city of the Midlands region of the state. It lies at the confluence of the Saluda River and the Broad River, which merge at Columbia to form the Congaree River. Columbia is home to the University of South Carolina, the state's flagship university and the largest in the state, and is also the site of Fort Jackson, the largest United States Army installation for Basic Combat Training. Columbia is also located 20 miles west of the site of McEntire Joint National Guard Base, which is operated by the U.S. Air Force and is used as a training base for the 169th Fighter Wing of The South Carolina Air National Guard. Columbia is also the location of the South Carolina State House, which is the center of government for the state. In 1860, the city was the location of the South Carolina Secession Convention, which marked the departure of the first state from the Union in the events leading up to the Civil War.", "Q66249": "Riemenstalden is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. The villages can be reached by road from Sisikon (Canton of Uri).", "Q250975": "\u00c1lvaro de Figueroa y Torres-Sotomayor, 1st Count of Romanones (9 August 1863 \u2013 11 October 1950) was a Spanish politician. He was the Prime Minister of Spain three times between 1912 and 1918, president of the Senate and seventeen times minister. He belonged to the Liberal Party of Sagasta and Canalejas.", "Q271763": "Pamela Reed (born April 2, 1949) is an American actress. She is known for playing Arnold Schwarzenegger's hypoglycemic police partner in the 1990 movie Kindergarten Cop and as the matriarch Gail Green in Jericho. She appeared as Marlene Griggs-Knope on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation.", "Q93968": "Baron Bernhard von W\u00fcllerstorf-Urbair, also: von W\u00fcllersdorf-Urbair or von W\u00fcllerstorf und Urbair, (29 January 1816 \u2013 10 August 1883) was an Austrian vice admiral and, from 1865 to 1867, (k.k.) Austrian Imperial Minister of Trade. He was captain of the frigate SMS Novara, including during the world voyage (Novara-Expedition) in 1857-1859.", "Q698444": "Mihail Sebastian (Romanian pronunciation: [miha\u02c8il sebasti\u02c8an]; born Iosif Mendel Hechter; October 18, 1907 \u2013 May 29, 1945) was a Romanian playwright, essayist, journalist and novelist.", "Q57094": "Commugny is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q78077": "Ulla Hahn is a German poet and novelist.", "Q945214": "Philippe-Ignace-Francois Aubert de Gasp\u00e9, or simply Philippe Aubert de Gasp\u00e9 (1814\u20137 March 1841) was a Canadian writer and is credited with writing the first French Canadian novel.\nPhilippe-Ignace-Francois was tutored by his father Philippe-Joseph and studied at the seminary of Nicolet. He worked as a journalist at the Quebec Mercury and Le Canadien. He was sentenced to a month in prison in November 1835 after clashing with Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan, who questioned his integrity. In February of the following year, he unleashed a stink bomb of asafoetida at the National Assembly of Quebec.\nWhile lying-low at his father's house he began writing his novel L'influence d'un livre. The story is made up of various fictionalized historical events, legends and folksongs which show the influence of father's recollections. Despite now being recognized as a major landmark in Canadian literature, the book was not well received and Philippe died shortly afterwards in Halifax where he was buried in front of the present-day Spring Garden Road Public Library.", "Q67157": "Moutier is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).", "Q579616": "Germain Sommeiller (February 15, 1815 \u2013 July 11, 1871) was a civil engineer from Savoy. He directed the construction of the Fr\u00e9jus Rail Tunnel between France and Italy, also known as the Mont Cenis Tunnel. This was the first of a series of major tunnels built in the late 19th century to connect northern and southern Europe through the Alps. Sommeiller pioneered the use of pneumatic drilling and dynamite to achieve record-breaking excavation speeds. This 12.8-km tunnel was completed on December 26, 1870, 11 years ahead of schedule. It remained the longest tunnel in the world until the opening of the Gotthard Rail Tunnel in 1882.", "Q263367": "Alice Guy or Alice Guy-Blach\u00e9 (July 1, 1873 \u2013 March 24, 1968) was a French pioneer filmmaker, active from the late 19th century, and one of the very first to make a narrative fiction film. She was the first woman to direct a film. From 1896 to 1906, she was probably the only female filmmaker in the world. She experimented with Gaumont's Chronophone sync-sound system, and with color-tinting, interracial casting, and special effects.She was artistic director and a co-founder of Solax Studios in Flushing, New York. In 1912, Solax invested $100,000 for a new studio in Fort Lee, New Jersey, the center of American filmmaking prior to the establishment of Hollywood. That year, she made the film A Fool and His Money, probably the first to have an all-African-American cast. The film is now at the National Center for Film and Video Preservation at the American Film Institute.", "Q378753": "Dmitry Ivanovich Pisarev (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0438\u0301\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432; 14 October [O.S. 2 October] 1840, Znamenskoye, Yelets Uyezd, Oryol Governorate \u2013 16 July [O.S. 4 July] 1868, Dubulti) was a radical Russian writer and social critic who, according to Georgi Plekhanov, \"spent the best years of his life in a fortress\".", "Q195449": "The Wild Party is a 1929 American pre-Code film directed by Dorothy Arzner and starring Clara Bow and Fredric March. Released by Paramount Pictures, it is known as Bow's first talkie.\n\n", "Q287793": "Carl Reiner (Yiddish: \u05e9\u05d0\u05b7\u05e8\u05dc \u05e8\u05e2\u05d9\u05e0\u05e2\u05e8\u200e; born March 20, 1922) is an American comedian, actor, director, screenwriter, and publisher whose career spans seven decades.\nDuring the early years of television comedy from 1950 to 1957, he co-wrote and acted on Caesar's Hour and Your Show of Shows, starring Sid Caesar. In the 1960s, Reiner was best known as the creator, producer, writer, and actor on The Dick Van Dyke Show.Reiner famously formed a comedy duo with Mel Brooks in \"2000 Year Old Man\" and acted in films such as It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad, World (1963), The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966) and the Ocean's film series (2001\u20132007). He also had great success as a film director and writer and in the 1970s and 1980s. He co-wrote and directed some of Steve Martin's most successful films, including The Jerk (1979). He also directed notable comedies such as Where's Poppa? (1970), Oh, God! (1977), and All of Me (1984). Over his long and distinguished career, Reiner has won many awards and honors including, nine Emmy Awards, one Grammy Award, and The Mark Twain Prize for American Humor. He is the father of actor and director Rob Reiner, author Annie Reiner, and artist Lucas Reiner, and the grandfather of Tracy Reiner.", "Q3538544": "Treva Etienne is an English actor and filmmaker.\nEtienne guest starred in the BBC drama Death In Paradise, the CBS spinoff Criminal Minds Beyond Borders, and the CW fantasy/horror Supernatural. He has a leading role in the indie horror movie Itsy Bitsy and was a recurring guest star for two seasons in Stephen Spielberg\u2019s sci-fi drama Falling Skies. His movie roles include Terminator Salvation, Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, Bad Boys II, Black Hawk Down and Eyes Wide Shut. His U.S. TV roles include Undercovers, The Philanthropist, 24, Criminal Minds, Medium, Charmed, Angel and Threat Matrix.\nHis U.S. independent movie credits include Masked and Anonymous, Mob Rules, Compulsion, Green Street Hooligans II, The Changeling, English as a Second Language, South of The Border, Desert Vows, Japan and Bar Room Babies. He has produced a short film documentary on homeless teens in LA and is currently in post production co-producing a feature-length documentary on Archbishop Desmond Tutu and his message of global forgiveness.In the UK he is known for his roles in TV drama series The Last Train, London\u2019s Burning and the BAFTA/RTS award-winning series Holding On. Other TV credits include The Godsend, Casualty, The Bill, Only Fools and Horses, Desmond\u2019s and Sir Peter Hall\u2019s The Final Passage. In 2018 he played in five episodes in the BBC drama series Black Earth Rising.\nHis theatre credits include the title role in Macbeth at The Royal National Theatre, Moon On a Rainbow Shawl directed by Maya Angelou/Almeida Theatre, Measure for Measure/Shakespeare & Co. USA, Black Poppies/Royal National Theatre, Some Kind Of Hero/Young Vic Theatre, Smile Orange/Leicester Playhouse, Hard Knocks/The Royal Court, Playboy of the West Indies/Manchester Contact Theatre, The Four Seasons/Edinburgh Festival, Noah\u2019s Wife/Edinburgh Festival, An Enchanted Land/Riverside Studios and Angels Rave On/Nottingham Playhouse.After training with the BBC as a director, he wrote and directed his first short film The Promise of Strangers. His television credits include writing, producing and directing two seasons of BBC\u2019s award-winning comedy sketch show The Real McCoy. He also wrote and directed two award-winning short films, Driving Miss Crazy, which won the HBO Best Short Film in Acapulco and A Woman Scorned which won a Best Short Film prize at the Hollywood Scare-fest Film Festival.", "Q235121": "Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (n\u00e9e Pierrepont; baptised 26 May 1689 \u2013 21 August 1762) was an English aristocrat, letter writer, and poet. Lady Mary is today chiefly remembered for her letters, particularly her letters from travels to the Ottoman Empire, as wife to the British ambassador to Turkey, which have been described by Billie Melman as \"the very first example of a secular work by a woman about the Muslim Orient\". Aside from her writing, Lady Mary is also known for introducing and advocating for smallpox inoculation to Britain after her return from Turkey. Her writings address and challenge the hindering contemporary social attitudes towards women and their intellectual and social growth.", "Q993134": "Jos\u00e9 Bruno Carranza Ram\u00edrez (October 5, 1822 \u2013 January 25, 1891) was briefly President of Costa Rica (albeit with the title Temporary Head of the Republic) in 1870. Bruno Carranza came to power in the coup d'\u00e9tat of 27 April 1870 that deposed President Jes\u00fas Jim\u00e9nez. He resigned three months later.\nHis parents were Miguel Carranza Fern\u00e1ndez (Vice-Head of State between 1838 and 1841) and Joaquina Ram\u00edrez y Garc\u00eda. In 1847 he married Ger\u00f3nima Montealegre, sister of President Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Montealegre Fern\u00e1ndez. His great-great-granddaughter is actress Madeleine Stowe.", "Q106235": "Hans-Dietrich Genscher (21 March 1927 \u2013 31 March 2016) was a German statesman and a member of the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP), who served as the Federal Minister of the Interior from 1969 to 1974, and as the Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs and Vice Chancellor of Germany from 1974 to 1992 (except for a two-week break in 1982, after the FDP had left the Third Schmidt cabinet), making him the longest-serving occupant of either post and the only person, holding one of these posts under two different Chancellors of the Federal Republic of Germany. In 1991 he was chairman of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).\nA proponent of Realpolitik, Genscher has been called \"a master of diplomacy.\" He is widely regarded as having been a principal \"architect of German reunification.\" In 1991, he played a pivotal role in the breakup of Yugoslavia by successfully pushing for international recognition of Croatia, Slovenia and other republics declaring independence, in an effort to halt \"a trend towards a Greater Serbia.\" After leaving office, he worked as a lawyer and international consultant. He was President of the German Council on Foreign Relations and was involved with several international organisations, and with former Czech President V\u00e1clav Havel, he called for a Cold War museum to be built in Berlin.\n\n", "Q203493": "The Kingdom of Romania (Romanian: Regatul Rom\u00e2niei) was a constitutional monarchy that existed in Romania from 26 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I, until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I of Romania, and the Romanian parliament proclaiming Romania a people's republic.\nFrom 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a personal union of two vassal principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) under a single prince to an autonomous principality with a Hohenzollern monarchy. The country gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire during the 1877\u20131878 Russo-Turkish War (known locally as the Romanian War of Independence), when it also received Northern Dobruja in exchange for the southern part of Bessarabia. The kingdom's territory during the reign of King Carol I, between 14 March (O.S.) (27 March (N.S.)) 1881 and 27 September (O.S.) (10 October (N.S.)) 1914 is sometimes referred as the Romanian Old Kingdom, to distinguish it from \"Greater Romania\", which included the provinces that became part of the state after World War I (Bessarabia, Banat, Bukovina, and Transylvania). \nWith the exception of the southern halves of Bukovina and Transylvania, these territories were ceded to neighboring countries in 1940, under the pressure of Nazi Germany or the Soviet Union. Following a disastrous World War II campaign on the side of the Axis powers and name change (Legionary Romania), Romania joined the Allies in 1944, recovering Northern Transylvania. The influence of the neighboring Soviet Union and the policies followed by Communist-dominated coalition governments ultimately led to the abolition of the monarchy, with Romania becoming a People's Republic on the last day of 1947.", "Q640991": "Prof Magnus Gustaf (or Gustav) Retzius FRSFor HFRSE MSA (17 October 1842 \u2013 21 July 1919) was a Swedish physician and anatomist who dedicated a large part of his life to researching the histology of the sense organs and nervous system.", "Q116026": "Deborah Bergamini (born 24 October 1967) is an Italian politician, manager and journalist currently member of the Italian Parliament.", "Q470626": "Amherst County is a county, located in the Piedmont region and near the center of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. The county is part of the Lynchburg, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and its county seat is also named Amherst.Amherst County was created in 1761 out of Albemarle County, and it was named in honor of Lord Jeffery Amherst, the so-called \"Conqueror of Canada\". In 1807 as population increased, the county was reduced in size in order to form Nelson County. Tobacco was the major cash crop of the county during its early years. The labor-intensive crop was worked and processed by enslaved Africans and African Americans before the American Civil War.\nAs of the 2010 census, the population of the rural county was 32,353, a small increase from the 31,894 people reported in the 2000 census.", "Q74895": "Ivan Koval-Samborsky (1893\u20131962) was a Ukrainian stage and film actor. After establishing himself in the Soviet film industry in the 1920s, he briefly went to work in Germany during the late 1920s before returning to Russia following the arrival of sound. In 1938 he was arrested by the Soviet authorities leading to his most recent film, the anti-Nazi The Swamp Soldiers, having to be reshot to minimize his role. He didn't appear in another film until 1957.", "Q394923": "Agnieszka W\u0142odarczyk (Polish pronunciation: [a\u0261\u02c8\u0272\u025b\u0282ka vw\u0254\u02c8dart\u0361\u0282\u0268k]; born 13 December 1980) is a Polish actress and singer. As an actress she is best known for her roles in the movie Sara and a TV comedy series 13 posterunek. In 2007, she released her debut album, Nie dla oka....", "Q244900": "On the Path (Bosnian: Na putu) is a 2010 Bosnian and Herzegovinian drama film directed by Jasmila \u017dbani\u0107.", "Q120580": "Dirk Sager (13 August 1940 \u2013 2 January 2014) was a German journalist.", "Q146605": "Zandalee is a 1991 American erotic thriller/romantic tragedy directed by Sam Pillsbury and starring Nicolas Cage, Judge Reinhold, Erika Anderson, Viveca Lindfors, Aaron Neville, Joe Pantoliano and Steve Buscemi. The screenplay by Mari Kornhauser steals liberally from \u00c9mile Zola's novel and play Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Raquin.\nAlthough the film played theatrically in some countries, it was released straight to video in the United States. The film received negative reviews.", "Q100650": "Ulrich Koch (14 March 1921 \u2013 7 June 1996) was a German violist.", "Q106221": "James Roy Horner (August 14, 1953 \u2013 June 22, 2015) was an American composer, conductor and orchestrator of film scores, writing over 100. He was known for the integration of choral and electronic elements, and for his frequent use of motifs associated with Celtic music.Horner's first major score was in 1979 for The Lady in Red, but he did not establish himself as an eminent film composer until his work on the 1982 film Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. His score for James Cameron's Titanic is the best-selling orchestral film soundtrack of all time. He also wrote the score for the second highest-grossing film of all time, Cameron's Avatar.Horner collaborated on multiple projects with directors including Don Bluth, James Cameron, Joe Johnston, Walter Hill, Ron Howard, Phil Nibbelink and Simon Wells; producers including George Lucas, David Kirschner, Jon Landau, Brian Grazer and Steven Spielberg; and songwriters including Will Jennings, Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil. He won two Academy Awards, six Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes, three Satellite Awards, and three Saturn Awards, and was nominated for three BAFTA Awards.\nHorner, who was an avid pilot, died at the age of 61 in a single-fatality crash while flying his Short Tucano turboprop aircraft.", "Q116032": "Johannes von M\u00fcller (3 January 1752 \u2013 29 May 1809) was a Swiss historian.", "Q275511": "Lillian Hall-Davis (23 June 1898 \u2013 25 October 1933) was an English actress during the silent film era, featured in major roles in English film and a number of German, French and Italian films.Born Lilian Hall Davis, the daughter of a London taxi driver, her films included a part-colour version of I Pagliacci (1923), The Passionate Adventure (1924), Blighty (1927), The Ring (1927) and The Farmer's Wife (1928), the latter two both directed by Alfred Hitchcock, who at the time considered her his \"favourite actress.\" She had a lead role in a \"lavish production\" of Quo Vadis (1924), an Italian film directed by Gabriellino D'Annunzio and Georg Jacoby.Hall-Davis also appeared in As We Lie (1927), a comedy short film made in the Lee DeForest Phonofilm sound-on-film process, co-starring and directed by Miles Mander.\nHall-Davis did not make the transition to sound films; in 1933 her \"sharp career decline and health problems\" prompted her to commit suicide by turning on the gas oven and cutting her own throat at home in the Golders Green area of London.", "Q337050": "Avery Robert Fisher (March 4, 1906 \u2013 February 26, 1994) was an amateur violinist, a pioneer in the field of high fidelity sound reproduction, founder of the Philharmonic Radio Company, Fisher Electronics and a philanthropist who donated millions of dollars to arts organizations and universities.", "Q338363": "Thomas Carl Hartmann (born May 7, 1951) is an American radio personality, author, former psychotherapist, businessman, and progressive political commentator. Hartmann has been hosting a nationally syndicated radio show, The Thom Hartmann Program, since 2003 and hosted a nightly television show, The Big Picture, between 2010 and September 2017.\nAfter being a DJ at Lansing, Michigan, country music station WITL-FM in the late 1960s, Hartmann was an entrepreneur, writer, and humanitarian for nearly three decades. He founded International Wholesale Travel and its subsidiary, Sprayberry Travel, among other ventures. He also founded the Salem Children's Village, a home for abused and special-needs children, in New Hampshire. Since 1992, Hartmann has written many books on politics, spirituality, and psychology. His 1992 book ADD: A Different Perception brought to national attention the hunter vs. farmer hypothesis of attention deficit disorder.\nHartmann's 2002 article, \"Talking Back To Talk Radio\", became part of the original business plan of Air America Radio, and he started his radio program out of his home in Vermont in March 2003. He moved to the Air America network in 2007 and then to the Jones Radio Network (later Dial Global and Westwood One) in 2009. His current syndicator is DGital Media. The radio show is also broadcast on community/non-profit stations via Pacifica Radio and Free Speech TV. The Thom Hartmann Program has 7 million listeners a week and is one of the top progressive talk radio programs. In 2008 Hartmann started a daily TV show, The Big Picture. The RT network began carrying the show in 2010 and Hartmann left the show at the end of September 2017.", "Q74881": "Dalian is a major sub-provincial port city in Liaoning province, China, and is Liaoning's second largest city (after the provincial capital Shenyang) and the fourth most populous city of Northeast China. Located on the southern tip of Liaodong peninsula, it is the southernmost city in both Liaoning and the entire Northeast. Dalian borders the prefectural cities of Yingkou and Anshan to the north and Dandong to the northeast, and also shares maritime boundaries with Qinhuangdao and Huludao across the Liaodong Bay to west and northwest, Yantai and Weihai on the Shandong peninsula across the Bohai Strait to the south, and North Korea across the Korea Bay to the east.\nToday a financial, shipping and logistics centre for Northeast Asia, Dalian has a significant history of being used by foreign powers for its ports. Dalian was previously known as both \"Dalniy\" (Russian: \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439; Dal'nii) and \"Dairen\" (Japanese: \u5927\u9023). However, the city used to be better known as \"Port Arthur\" (Russian: \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442-\u0410\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0440; Port-Artur) and \"Ryojun\" (Japanese: \u65c5\u9806) from the original Port Arthur, now the city's L\u00fcshunkou district.\nIn 2016, Dalian ranked 48th in the Global Financial Centres Index, the other Chinese cities on the list being Hong Kong, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Beijing and Qingdao. In 2012, Dalian ranked 82nd in the Global City Competitiveness Index. In 2006, Dalian was named China's most livable city by China Daily.", "Q190525": "Memento is a 2000 American neo-noir psychological thriller film written and directed by Christopher Nolan, and produced by Suzanne and Jennifer Todd. The film's script was based on a pitch by Jonathan Nolan, who later wrote the story \"Memento Mori\" from the concept. Guy Pearce stars as a man who, as a result of an injury, has anterograde amnesia (the inability to form new memories) and has short-term memory loss approximately every fifteen minutes. He is searching for the people who attacked him and killed his wife, using an intricate system of Polaroid photographs and tattoos to track information he cannot remember.\nThe film is presented as two different sequences of scenes interspersed during the film: a series in black-and-white that is shown chronologically, and a series of color sequences shown in reverse order (simulating for the audience the mental state of the protagonist). The two sequences meet at the end of the film, producing one complete and cohesive narrative.Memento premiered at the 57th Venice International Film Festival on September 5, 2000, and was released in the United States on March 16, 2001. It was acclaimed by critics, who praised its nonlinear narrative structure and motifs of memory, perception, grief, and self-deception, and earned $39.7 million over a $4.5 million budget. Memento received numerous accolades, including Oscar nominations for Best Original Screenplay and Best Film Editing. The film is now widely regarded as one of Nolan's finest works and one of the best films of the 2000s. In 2017 the United States Library of Congress deemed the film \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.", "Q343909": "David Stevenson MICE FRSE FRSSA (11 January 1815 \u2013 17 July 1886) was a Scottish lighthouse designer, who designed over 30 lighthouses in and around Scotland, and helped continue the dynasty of lighthouse engineering founded by his father.", "Q216934": "Kisean Paul Anderson (born February 3, 1990), known professionally as Sean Kingston, is an American-Jamaican singer, songwriter, rapper and record producer whose first album, Sean Kingston, was released on July 31, 2007.", "Q50937": "It Came from Beneath the Sea is a 1955 American black-and-white science fiction giant monster film from Columbia Pictures, produced by Sam Katzman and Charles Schneer, directed by Robert Gordon, that stars Kenneth Tobey, Faith Domergue, and Donald Curtis. \nThe script by George Worthing Yates was designed to showcase the stop motion animation special effects of Ray Harryhausen.\nIt Came from Beneath the Sea was released as the top half of a double feature with Creature with the Atom Brain.", "Q209814": "Guebwiller (French: Guebwiller, pronounced [\u0261ebvil\u025b\u0281]; Alsatian: G\u00e0willer [\u02c8ka\u02d0vil\u0259\u0281]; German: Gebweiler) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est currently in north-eastern France.\nIt is situated 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Mulhouse at the foot of the Vosges mountains. The Ballon de Guebwiller, the highest point in the Vosges, lies 8 km (5.0 mi) to the west of the town.\nIn 2015, Guebwiller had a population of 11,319 and its metropolitan area had a population of 30,506.", "Q1110652": "The pilot episode, also known as Northwest Passage, of the mystery television series Twin Peaks premiered on the ABC Network on Sunday, April 8, 1990. It was written by series creators Mark Frost and David Lynch, and directed by Lynch. The pilot follows the characters of Dale Cooper and Harry S. Truman as they investigate the death of popular high school student Laura Palmer; Cooper believes the murder has connections to a murder case that occurred a year earlier. In addition to setting the tone for the show, the episode sets up several character and story arcs and marked the appearance of several recurring characters. The episode received a strong Nielsen household rating compared to other season one episodes and was well received by fans and critics alike. The original title for the series was Northwest Passage, but this was later changed.", "Q39981": "Voghera (Vogherese dialect of Emilian: Vughera; Latin: Forum Iulii Iriensium) is a town and comune in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy. The population was 39,374 as of 2017. It is the third most populated town in the province, after Pavia and Vigevano. It is located 30 km south-southwest of that city, on the Staffora (a tributary of the Po).\nIt is the main town of Oltrep\u00f2 Pavese, and is an important rail and road hub as well as a renowned wine producer.", "Q454784": "Gilles Caron (July 8, 1939 \u2013 April 5, 1970) was a French photographer and photojournalist.\n\n", "Q3111335": "Htilominlo (Burmese: \u1011\u102e\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f, pronounced [t\u02b0\u00edl\u00f2 m\u026a\u0301\u0274l\u00f2]; also called Nadaungmya or Zeya Theinkha Uzana; 1175 \u2013 1235) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1211 to 1235. His 24-year reign marked the beginning of the gradual decline of Pagan dynasty. It was the first to see the impact of over a century of continuous growth of tax-free religious wealth, which had greatly reduced the potential tax base. Htilominlo was the last of the temple builders although most of his temples were in remote lands not in the Pagan region, reflecting the deteriorating state of royal treasury.All the royal chronicles say he was succeeded by his son Kyaswa. But two contemporary inscriptions indicate that another son of his Naratheinga Uzana was at least acting as the regent towards the end of his reign.\n\n", "Q270469": "Lisa Ruth Germano (born June 27, 1958) is an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist from Indiana. Her album Geek the Girl (1994) was chosen a top album of the 1990s by Spin magazine. She began her career as a violinist for John Mellencamp. As of 2018 she has released thirteen albums.", "Q77350": "Karl Heinrich Leopold Deschner (23 May 1924 \u2013 8 April 2014) was a German researcher and writer who achieved public attention in Europe for his trenchant and fiercely critical treatment of Christianity in general and the Roman Catholic Church in particular, as expressed in several articles and books, culminating in his 10 volume opus Christianity's Criminal History (Kriminalgeschichte des Christentums, Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek).", "Q282827": "Mommie Dearest is a 1981 American docudrama film. It depicts Christina Crawford's adoptive mother, actress Joan Crawford as an abusive and manipulative mother who hurt her adopted children. Starring Faye Dunaway, Mara Hobel, and Diana Scarwid, the film was directed by Frank Perry and adapted for the screen by Robert Getchell, Tracy Hotchner, Frank Perry, and Frank Yablans from the 1978 autobiography of the same name by Christina. The executive producers were Christina's husband, David Koontz, and Terry O'Neill, Dunaway's then-boyfriend and soon-to-be husband. The film was distributed by Paramount Pictures, the only one of the Big Eight film studios for which Crawford had never appeared in a feature film.\nThe film was a commercial success, grossing $39 million worldwide from a $5 million budget. Despite mixed reviews from critics, the film's bizarre script and highly charged acting, particularly on the part of Dunaway, have brought a cult following to the film as an unintentional comedy. It won the second Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture.", "Q78063": "Louis Kugelmann, or Ludwig Kugelmann (February 19, 1828 in Lemf\u00f6rde \u2013 January 9, 1902 in Hannover), was a German gynecologist, social democratic thinker and activist, and confidant of Marx and Engels.", "Q189074": "Harlem is a neighborhood in the northern section of the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is bounded roughly by Frederick Douglass Boulevard, St. Nicholas Avenue, and Morningside Park on the west; the Harlem River and 155th Street on the north; Fifth Avenue on the east; and Central Park North on the south. The greater Harlem area encompasses several other neighborhoods and extends west to the Hudson River, north to 155th Street, east to the East River, and south to Martin Luther King, Jr., Boulevard, Central Park, and East 96th Street.\nOriginally a Dutch village, formally organized in 1658, it is named after the city of Haarlem in the Netherlands. Harlem's history has been defined by a series of economic boom-and-bust cycles, with significant population shifts accompanying each cycle. Harlem was predominantly occupied by Jewish and Italian Americans in the 19th century, but African-American residents began to arrive in large numbers during the Great Migration in the 20th century. In the 1920s and 1930s, Central and West Harlem were the center of the Harlem Renaissance, a major African-American cultural movement. With job losses during the Great Depression of the 1930s and the deindustrialization of New York City after World War II, rates of crime and poverty increased significantly. In the 21st century, crime rates decreased significantly, and Harlem started to gentrify.\nCentral Harlem is part of Manhattan Community District 10. It is patrolled by the 28th and 32nd Precincts of the New York City Police Department. The greater Harlem area also includes Manhattan Community Districts 9 and 11, and several additional police precincts. Fire services are provided by four New York City Fire Department companies. Politically, Harlem is represented by the New York City Council's 7th, 8th, and 9th districts. The area is served by the New York City Subway and local bus routes. It contains several public elementary, middle, and high schools, and is close to several colleges including Columbia University and the City College of New York.", "Q103359": "Hubertus Hoffmann is a German entrepreneur, geostrategist and philanthropist as Founder and President of the World Security Network Foundation and The Human Codes of Tolerance and Respect Project.\n\n", "Q1366768": "Thomas \"Tiny\" Lister Jr. (born June 24, 1958) is an American character actor and occasional professional wrestler known for his roles as the neighborhood bully Deebo in the film Friday and its sequel and as President Lindberg in The Fifth Element. He had two short professional wrestling stints, wrestling Hulk Hogan in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) after appearing as Zeus in the 1989 movie No Holds Barred and resuming the feud as Z-Gangsta in 1996 for World Championship Wrestling (WCW). He is blind in his right eye.", "Q183": "Germany (German: Deutschland, German pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0254\u028ft\u0283lant]), constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, listen ), is a country in Central and Western Europe. Covering an area of 357,022 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi), it lies between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west.\nVarious Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before AD 100. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, the German Confederation was formed in 1815. In 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the revolution of 1918\u201319, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic. The Nazi seizure of power in 1933 led to the establishment of a dictatorship, World War II, and the Holocaust. After the end of World War II in Europe and a period of Allied occupation, two new German states were founded: West Germany and East Germany. The Federal Republic of Germany was a founding member of the European Economic Community and the European Union. The country was reunified on 3 October 1990.\nToday, Germany is a federal parliamentary republic led by a chancellor. With 83 million inhabitants of its 16 constituent states, it is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, as well as the most populous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city is Berlin, and its financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr.\nGermany is a great power with a strong economy; it has the largest economy in Europe, the world's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP, and the fifth-largest by PPP. As a global leader in several industrial and technological sectors, it is both the world's third-largest exporter and importer of goods. A highly developed country with a very high standard of living, it offers social security and a universal health care system, environmental protections, and a tuition-free university education. Germany is also a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G7, the G20, and the OECD. Known for its long and rich cultural history, Germany has many World Heritage sites and is among the top tourism destinations in the world.", "Q68270": "William Frederick, Prince of Wied (German: Wilhelm Friedrich Hermann Otto Karl F\u00fcrst von Wied; 27 June 1872 \u2013 18 June 1945) was a German nobleman, eldest child of William, Prince of Wied. He was an elder brother of William, Prince of Albania.\n\n", "Q981524": "Shi Tao (simplified Chinese: \u5e08\u6d9b; traditional Chinese: \u5e2b\u6fe4; pinyin: Sh\u012b T\u0101o; born July 25, 1968) is a Chinese journalist, writer and poet, who in 2005 was sentenced to 10 years in prison for releasing a document of the Communist Party to an overseas Chinese democracy site. Yahoo! China was later discovered to have facilitated his arrest by providing his personal details to the Chinese government. Yahoo! was subsequently rebuked by a panel of the U.S. Congress, settled a lawsuit by Shi's family out of court, and pledged to reform its practices.\nFollowing Shi's arrest, he won two major international journalism awards: the CPJ International Press Freedom Awards and the Golden Pen of Freedom Award. On September 5, 2013, Shi Tao was released from prison. He received an 18-month reduction in sentencing after spending 8 and half years in prison. He lives in Yinchuan, Ningxia with his mother.", "Q1911440": "Maurice Stern (Mauro Lampi) is an American operatic tenor and sculptor. He graduated from the Eastman School of Music. He made his debut at the New York City Opera as The Emperor Altuom in Giacomo Puccini's Turandot, and received a laudatory solo review by Eric Salzman of The New York Times for that small role.Stern progressed from small character parts to the lyric tenor roles of Don Ottavio, Belmonte, The Duke in Rigoletto, Rom\u00e9o, Rodolfo, Pinkerton, and Cavaradossi. He then played great dramatic tenor roles, including Otello, Radames, Canio, Don Jos\u00e9, Calaf, Manrico, Don Alvaro, Andrea Chenier, Samson, Dick Johnson, Bacchus, Lohengrin and Tannh\u00e4user. During his international career, he also studied with Franco Corelli in New York City.\nStern performed in opera houses in the United States, Canada, Mexico, South America, Europe and China. He received critical acclaim for his singing, his acting and character delineation, and his portrait sculpture and works on paper.\nStern now performs as a duo with his wife, and continues his work in the visual arts.", "Q47293": "Erich Maria Remarque (born Erich Paul Remark; 22 June 1898 \u2013 25 September 1970) was a 20th-century German novelist. His landmark novel All Quiet on the Western Front (1928), about the German military experience of World War I, was an international best-seller which created a new literary genre, and was subsequently made into the cinema film All Quiet on the Western Front (1930).", "Q711506": "Arthur Sewall (November 25, 1835 \u2013 September 5, 1900) was an American Democratic politician and shipbuilder from Maine, best known as the Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1896. From 1888 to 1896 he served as a member of the Democratic National Committee and unsuccessful ran for Maine's Senate seat against Eugene Hale. The only elective offices Sewall held were as councilman and alderman in the town of Bath, Maine.", "Q324992": "Thomas Midgley Jr. (May 18, 1889 \u2013 November 2, 1944) was an American mechanical and chemical engineer. He played a major role in developing leaded gasoline (Tetraethyllead) and some of the first chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), better known by its brand name Freon; both products were later banned due to concerns about their impact on human health and the environment. He was granted more than 100 patents over the course of his career.", "Q277306": "Kaveri, also known as Kalyani, born on October 24th in a Malayali family, is an Indian film actress and film producer, who works in the South Indian film industries. Her family settled in Kavumbhagom, Thiruvalla, Kerala. Making her debut as a child artist in Malayalam films, she appeared in several Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada-language films. After playing lead and supporting roles in Malayalam, Tamil films, she enacted female lead roles in several Malayalam , Tamil ,Kannada & Telugu-language films.\n.She has won the Kerala state television award for best actress in 2002 for Anna & Nandi Award for Best Actress for her performance in Avunu Valliddaru Ista Paddaru (2002). She is perhaps best known for her appearances and critically acclaimed performances in films such as Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum, Samudhiram, Avunu Valliddaru Ista Paddaru, Kabaddi Kabaddi and Kasi.", "Q123089": "Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque (French: [k\u0254\u0303st\u0251\u0303]; 25 October 1767 \u2013 8 December 1830), or simply Benjamin Constant, was a Swiss French political activist and writer on political theory and religion.\nA committed republican from 1795, he backed the coup d'\u00e9tat of 18 Fructidor, (4 September 1797) and the following one on 18 brumaire, (9 November 1799). During the Consulat, in 1800 he became the leader of the Liberal Opposition. Having upset Napoleon and left France to go to Switzerland then to the Kingdom of Saxony, he nonetheless sided with Napoleon during the Hundred Days and became politically active again during the French Restoration. He was elected D\u00e9put\u00e9 in 1818 and remained in post until his death in 1830. Head of the Liberal opposition, known as Ind\u00e9pendants, he was one of the most notable orators of the Chamber of Deputies of France, as a proponent of the parliamentary system. During the July Revolution, he was a supporter of Louis Philippe I ascending the throne.\nHe was the author of numerous essays on political and religious themes, and also wrote on romantic love, such as the autobiographical Le Cahier rouge (1807) which gives an account of his love for Madame de Sta\u00ebl, whose prot\u00e9g\u00e9 and collaborator he became, especially in the Coppet circle, and a successful novella, Adolphe (1816).He was a fervent classical liberal of the early 19th century.He refined the concept of liberty, defining it as a condition of existence that allowed the individual to turn away interference from the state or society. His ideas influenced the Trienio Liberal movement in Spain, the Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Portugal, the Greek War of Independence, the November Uprising in Poland, the Belgian Revolution, and liberalism in Brazil and Mexico.", "Q2004363": "Princess Knight, also known as Ribon no Kishi, is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Osamu Tezuka. This manga follows the adventures of Sapphire, a girl who was born accidentally with a blue heart of a boy and a pink heart of a girl. She pretends to be a male prince to prevent the evil Duke Duralumin from inheriting the throne of Silverland. The gender-bending main character was inspired by the all-female musical theater group Takarazuka Revue in which women performed both female and male roles.\nThe story was ordered by one editor of Kodansha's magazine Sh\u014djo Club who wanted Tezuka to produce a manga aimed towards a female audience that could replicate the success of his former boy-aimed stories. The author then created Princess Knight, originally serialized in that magazine from 1953 to 1956. The manga's popularity resulted into a radio dramatization in 1955, three other serializations between 1958 and 1968, and a 52-episode television anime series by Mushi Production that aired on Fuji TV from 1967 to 1968. It has also influenced several stage musicals since the 1980s and inspired remakes of the work by other authors.\nThe series' arrival in the English-speaking market was delayed by NBC Enterprises executives' perception that it could be interpreted as \"sex switch\". However, still in the 1970s, the television series got a dubbed version produced by Joe Oriolo. Renamed Choppy and the Princess, it was released to American, Australian, and British television audiences, with home video releases to follow. The manga would only reach the anglophone public years later, in 2001 when Kodansha International published a bilingual edition of Princess Knight, which was followed by a newer version by Vertical in 2011.\nOne of Tezuka's most famous works and widely regarded as a classic, Princess Knight has been very influential in the manga and anime industry. Its portrayal of gender roles is ambiguously interpreted by critics; some claim it has pro-feminist ideals and others think it expresses misogynist ideals of the 1950s\u201360s Japanese society. Nonetheless, it would start a tradition of androgynous-like heroines and establish several trends in the sh\u014djo genre. In fact, it is considered to be one of the first works in this genre that was narrative-focused and that portrays a female superhero.", "Q152116": "Louis R\u00e9ard (French pronunciation: \u200b[lwi \u0281ea\u0281]; 1897 \u2013 16 September 1984), a French automobile engineer and clothing designer, introduced the modern two-piece bikini in July 1946. He opened a bikini shop and ran it for the next 40 years.", "Q711260": "Shabba Ranks (born Rexton Rawlston Fernando Gordon; 17 January 1966) is a Jamaican dancehall musician.", "Q85878": "Andreas P. Pittler (born November 21, 1964 in Vienna) is an Austrian writer.\nAfter his school years Pittler studied history and political science in Vienna and received an M.A. and a Ph.D. degree. After some years working as a historian he became a journalist. Today he works as a civil servant in the Parliament of Austria.Since 1985 he has published 28 books, mostly nonfiction. These include biographies on Bruno Kreisky, Monty Python, Rowan Atkinson and Samuel Beckett He has also published books on the history of Cyprus, Malta and the Czech Republic.In 2000 his first novel \"Der Sommer der gro\u00dfen Erwartungen\" (The Summer of Great Expectations) appeared, a coming-of-age novel dealing with the problems of adolescence and first love. Later Pittler focused on crime novels and created the private investigator Henry Drake. Drake appears in the novels \"Der S\u00fcndenbock\" (The Scapegoat, 2000), \"Tod im Schnee\" (Death in the Snow, 2002), \"Serbische Bohnen\" (Serbian Beans, 2003) and \"Das Dokument\" (The Document, 2006).\nIn spring 2008 his sixth novel \"Tacheles\" (Plain talking) was published, where for the first time police-officer David Bronstein has to investigate. The story is set in Austria in 1934, and Bronstein, although considering himself as not religious, is constantly confronted with his Jewish background. In March 2009 Bronstein is again the main character in Pittler's seventh novel \"Ezzes\" (Good Advice). In March 2010 Bronstein reappeared in Pittler\u00b4s 8th novel \"Chuzpe\" (Impudence). In March 2011 the fourth Bronstein-novel \"Tinnef\" (Trumpery) was published, for which he was nominated for the \"Friedrich Glauser-Prize\" for crime novels. In March 2012 appeared the fifth Bronstein-novel \"Zores\" (Troubles), which will be published in an English translation in spring 2013.Currently Pittler is working on the novel \"Der g\u00f6ttliche Plan\" (The Divine Plan).\nApart from his novels Pittler also wrote short stories, poems and essays. His works are translated into Slovenian, Serbocroatian, Ukrainian and English. Pittler is married and lives in Vienna.", "Q1968183": "Donetsk National Technical University (DonNTU, formerly Donetsk Polytechnic Institute and other names) is the biggest and oldest higher education establishment in Donbas, founded in 1921. In its early years, it was attended by Nikita Khrushchev.\nFollowing the loss of Ukrainian government control over Donetsk in 2014 during the war in Donbass, there are two competing institutions operating under this name. Ukrainian loyalist faculty relocated to Pokrovsk and are operating with Ukrainian accreditation. Pro-Russian faculty remained in the campus in Donetsk, and are operating under the Donetsk People's Republic.", "Q221626": "The Buffalo Bills are a professional American football team based in the Buffalo\u2013Niagara Falls metropolitan area. The Bills compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The team plays their home games at New Era Field in Orchard Park, New York. The Bills are the only NFL team that plays its home games in the state of New York. The Bills conduct summer training camp at St. John Fisher College in Pittsford, New York, an eastern suburb of Rochester.The Bills began play as an original franchise of the American Football League (AFL) in 1960. The club joined the NFL as a result of the AFL\u2013NFL merger for the 1970 season. The 1964 and 1965 Bills were the only teams representing Buffalo that won major league professional sports championships (\"back-to-back\" American Football League Championships). The Bills are the only team to win four consecutive conference championships and are the only NFL team to lose four consecutive Super Bowl games. The team was owned by Ralph Wilson from the team's founding in 1960, until his death in 2014 at the age of 95. After his death, Wilson's estate reached an agreement to sell the team to Terry and Kim Pegula, which was approved by the other NFL team owners on October 8, 2014. The Bills formerly possessed the longest active playoff drought in any of the four major professional sports in North America: they did not qualify to play in the NFL playoffs from 1999 until 2017 and were the last NFL team (and last team in the major North American professional sports leagues overall) to qualify for the playoffs for the first time in the 21st century. Since then, the Bills have reached the playoffs in two of the past three NFL seasons and also clinched their first 10-win season in two decades in December 2019.", "Q375505": "Adriano Bolzoni (14 April 1919 \u2013 2003) was an Italian journalist, writer and film director.", "Q3588293": "\u00c9mile-Justin Menier (18 May 1826 \u2013 17 February 1881), French pharmaceutical manufacturer, chocolatier, and politician, was born in Paris. In 1853, on the death of his father, Antoine, \u00c9mile-Justin Menier inherited a large and successful Parisian company that manufactured a range of medicinal powders.\nHis father's company also manufactured chocolate as part of its business and \u00c9mile-Justin Menier would eventually devote himself to the making of chocolate. His Menier Chocolate company purchased cocoa-growing estates in Nicaragua and sugar beet fields in France, erected a processing mill, and equipped itself in other ways for the production of chocolate on a large scale. In 1864 he sold his interest in the drug-manufacturing business, and thenceforth confined himself to chocolate, building up an immense trade. He built a factory in London in 1870 and the next year he hired architect Jules Saulnier to design a new chocolate factory to replace their existing facility in Noisiel.\n\u00c9mile-Justin Menier was also a keen politician, serving as mayor of Noisiel from 1871-1881. Members of the family would be the commune's mayor until 1959. From 1876 until his death he had a seat in the French National Assembly, his general views being strongly Republican, while he consistently opposed protectionist trade policies. Menier was the author of several works on fiscal and economic questions, notably L'imp\u00f4t sur le capital (1872), La R\u00e9forme fiscale (1872), Economie rurale (1875), L'Avenir \u00e9conomique (1875\u20131878), Atlas de la production de la richesse (1878) and, published in the English language by G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York City in 1878, France And The United States: Their Present Commercial Relations Considered With Reference to a Treaty of Reciprocity [1] (downloadable)\n\u00c9mile-Justin Menier was made an Officer of the Legion of Honor in 1878. He died at Noisiel-sur-Marne in 1881 and was interred in the P\u00e8re-Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. His sons Henri and Gaston succeeded him in the business. Members of the Menier family would run the chocolate company until 1959.\nIn 1898, a statue of \u00c9mile-Justin Menier was erected in the town square in Noisiel.", "Q282199": "Blood In Blood Out (also known as Bound by Honor and Blood In Blood Out: Bound By Honor) is a 1993 American crime drama film directed by Taylor Hackford. It follows the intertwining lives of three Chicano relatives from 1972 to 1984. They start out as members of a street gang in East Los Angeles, and as dramatic incidents occur, their lives and friendships are forever changed. Blood In Blood Out was filmed in 1991 throughout the Spanish-speaking areas of Los Angeles and inside California's San Quentin State Prison.", "Q529753": "Steven Douglas Symms (born April 23, 1938) is an American retired politician who served as a four-term congressman (1973\u201381) and two-term U.S. Senator (1981\u201393), representing Idaho. He is currently a partner at Parry, Romani, DeConcini & Symms, a lobbying firm in Washington, D.C.", "Q481813": "Amy Bailey OJ, OD, OBE, MBE (27 November 1895 \u2013 3 October 1990) was a Jamaican educator, social worker and women's rights advocate. She was a co-founder of the Jamaican aid organization Save the Children and was the driving force behind the drive for introducing birth control to the island. She received many honours and awards in her career, including the Order of the British Empire, the Jamaican Order of Distinction and the Marcus Garvey Award for Excellence in 1988. In 1990, shortly before her death, she was honoured with the Order of Jamaica.\n\n", "Q80900": "Pearl Sydenstricker Buck (June 26, 1892 \u2013 March 6, 1973; also known by her Chinese name Sai Zhenzhu; Chinese: \u8d5b\u73cd\u73e0) was an American writer and novelist. As the daughter of missionaries, Buck spent most of her life before 1934 in Zhenjiang, China. Her novel The Good Earth was the best-selling fiction book in the United States in 1931 and 1932 and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1932. In 1938, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature \"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces\". She was the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.\nAfter returning to the United States in 1935, she continued writing prolifically, became a prominent advocate of the rights of women and minority groups, and wrote widely on Chinese and Asian cultures, becoming particularly well known for her efforts on behalf of Asian and mixed-race adoption.", "Q467428": "Nuala O'Faolain (; 1 March 1940 \u2013 9 May 2008) was an Irish journalist, TV producer, book reviewer, teacher and writer. She became well known after the publication of her memoirs Are You Somebody? and Almost There. She went on to write a biography of Irish criminal Chicago May and two novels.", "Q525169": "Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU; Chinese: \u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66) is a major research university in Shanghai. Established on April 8, 1896 as Nanyang Public School by an imperial edict issued by the Guangxu Emperor, it has been referred to as \"The MIT of the East\" since the 1930s. It is renowned as one of the oldest, most prestigious and selective universities in China. Shanghai Jiao Tong is a C9 League university and a Chinese Ministry of Education Class A Double First Class University.", "Q65032": "Wilhelm Adam (28 March 1893 \u2013 24 November 1978) was an officer in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. Following the German surrender after the Battle of Stalingrad, he became a member of the National Committee for a Free Germany. Adam later served in the National People's Army of East Germany.\n\n", "Q310389": "Robert Barton Englund (born June 6, 1947) is an American actor, voice actor, singer, and director, best known for playing the infamous serial killer Freddy Krueger in the Nightmare on Elm Street film series. He received a Saturn Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors in 1987 and A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master in 1988, and won a Fantafestival Award for The Mangler in 1995. Englund is a classically trained actor.\n\n", "Q272518": "Juliet Anne Virginia Stevenson, (born 30 October 1956) is an English actress of stage and screen. She is known for her role in the film Truly, Madly, Deeply (1991), for which she was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. Her other film appearances include Emma (1996), Bend It Like Beckham (2002), Mona Lisa Smile (2003), Being Julia (2004), and Infamous (2006).\nStevenson has starred in numerous Royal Shakespeare Company and National Theatre productions, including Olivier Award nominated roles in Measure for Measure (1984), Les Liaisons Dangereuses (1986), and Yerma (1987). For her role as Paulina in Death and the Maiden (1991\u201392), she won the 1992 Olivier Award for Best Actress. Her fifth Olivier nomination was for her work in the 2009 revival of Duet for One. She has also received three nominations for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress: for A Doll's House (1992), The Politician's Wife (1995) and Accused (2010). Other stage roles include The Heretic (2011) and Happy Days (2014).", "Q75221": "Paul P\u00f6rtner (25 January 1925 \u2013 16 November 1984) was a German playwright,\nnovelist, translator, and editor.", "Q330059": "Sir William Tyrone Guthrie (2 July 1900 \u2013 15 May 1971) was an English theatrical director instrumental in the founding of the Stratford Festival of Canada, the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and the Tyrone Guthrie Centre at his family's ancestral home, Annaghmakerrig, near Newbliss in County Monaghan, Ireland.", "Q1017129": "Paimio (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8p\u0251imio]; Swedish: Pemar) is a town and municipality of Finland.\nIt is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Southwest Finland region. The municipality has a population of 10,827 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 242.26 square kilometres (93.54 sq mi) of which 3.89 km2 (1.50 sq mi) is water. The population density is 45.42 inhabitants per square kilometre (117.6/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish.", "Q25416": "Stavanger (, also UK: , US usually , Norwegian: [st\u0251\u02c8v\u0251\u0300\u014b\u0259r] (listen)) is a city and municipality in Norway. It is the fourth largest city and third largest metropolitan area in Norway (through conurbation with neighbouring Sandnes) and the administrative centre of Rogaland county. The municipality is the fourth most populous in Norway. Located on the Stavanger Peninsula in Southwest Norway, Stavanger counts its official founding year as 1125, the year the Stavanger Cathedral was completed. Stavanger's core is to a large degree 18th- and 19th-century wooden houses that are protected and considered part of the city's cultural heritage. This has caused the town centre and inner city to retain a small-town character with an unusually high ratio of detached houses, and has contributed significantly to spreading the city's population growth to outlying parts of Greater Stavanger.\nThe city's rapid population growth in the late 20th century was primarily a result of Norway's booming offshore oil industry. Today the oil industry is a key industry in the Stavanger region and the city is widely referred to as the Oil Capital of Norway. Norwegian energy company Equinor, the largest company in the Nordic region, is headquartered in Stavanger. Multiple educational institutions for higher education are located in Stavanger. The largest of these is the University of Stavanger.\nDomestic and international military installations are located in Stavanger, including the NATO Joint Warfare Centre. Other international establishments, and especially local branches of foreign oil and gas companies, contribute further to a significant foreign population in the city. Immigrants make up 11.3% of Stavanger's population. Stavanger has since the early 2000s consistently had an unemployment rate significantly lower than the Norwegian and European average. In 2011, the unemployment rate was less than 2%. The city is also among those that frequent various lists of expensive cities in the world, and Stavanger has even been ranked as the world's most expensive city by certain indices.Stavanger is served by international airport Stavanger Airport, Sola, which offers flights to cities in most major European countries, as well as a limited number of intercontinental charter flights. The airport was named most punctual European regional airport in 2010.Every two years, Stavanger organizes the Offshore Northern Seas (ONS), which is the second largest exhibition and conference for the energy sector. Gladmat food festival is also held each year and is considered to be one of Scandinavia's leading food festivals. The city is also known for being one of the nation's premier culinary clusters. Stavanger was awarded the 2008 European Capital of Culture alongside Liverpool.", "Q1388869": "Joseph Abeille (July 14, 1673 in Vannes - February 1756 in Rennes) was a French engineer and architect. He began his career in 1703 as the French king's engineer. He distinguished himself at the Battle of Malaga (1704) in the fleet of the Count of Toulouse. He gained fame as hydraulic engineer. In Switzerland, he built the Lullin Hotel for Jean-Antoine Lullin-Camp, in Geneva (1707-1712), and drew the plans of the Thunstetten Castle, for (1713-1715).", "Q960916": "Hern\u00e1n Alberto B\u00fcchi Buc (American Spanish: [e\u027e\u02c8nan al\u02c8\u03b2e\u027eto \u02c8\u03b2ixi \u02c8\u03b2uk]; born March 6, 1949) is a Chilean economist who served as minister of finance of the Pinochet government. In 1989 he ran unsuccessfully for president with support of Chilean right-wing parties.", "Q3538236": "Naoko Hayashiba (\u6797\u8449 \u76f4\u5b50, Hayashiba Naoko, born on January 24, 1968), who is also known by the pen name Masaru Katori (\u304b\u3068\u308a \u307e\u3055\u308b, Katori Masaru), is a Japanese writer and manga author from Fukuoka. She had a successful career as professional shogi player but quit during a sex scandal with another professional player, Makoto Nakahara, in 1995. Since then, she has focused on writing and TV work. She has written two novel series, Tondemo Police and Kiss Dakeja Iya, and the manga Shion no \u014c. In 2010, after a 15-year absence, she returned to shogi.", "Q14813": "Gifhorn (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u026afh\u0254\u0281n] (listen)] is a town and capital of the district of Gifhorn in the east of Lower Saxony, Germany. It has a population of about 42,000 and is mainly influenced by the small distance to the more industrial and commercially important cities nearby, Brunswick and Wolfsburg. Further, Gifhorn is part of the Hanover-Brunswick-G\u00f6ttingen-Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region. The Municipality Gifhorn includes the villages of Gamsen, Gifhorn, K\u00e4storf, Neubokel, Wilsche and Winkel.\nThe oldest verifiable source attests the existence of the city in the year 1196.\nGifhorn is home to the International Wind- and Watermill Museum, which contains a comprehensive collection and working replicas of the world's most common windmills.", "Q179393": "William Campbell (October 30, 1923 \u2013 April 28, 2011) was an American actor who appeared in supporting roles in major film productions, and also starred in several low-budget B-movies and horror films.", "Q3402814": "David Milwyn Duggan (May 5, 1879 \u2013 May 4, 1942) was a Welsh-born Canadian politician who was the Mayor of Edmonton from 1920 to 1923, a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, and a leader of the Conservative Party of Alberta.", "Q273606": "Theodora Komnene or Comnena (Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd\u03ae Theod\u014dra Komn\u0113n\u0113) (born c.\u20091145) was a niece of Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus, and wife of King Baldwin III of Jerusalem.", "Q88384": "Hugo Gustav Adolf Stoltzenberg (27 April 1883 \u2013 14 January 1974) was a German chemist associated with the German government's clandestine chemical warfare activities in the early 1920s.\nStoltzenberg was a close collaborator of Nobel Prize laureate Fritz Haber, the father of German chemical warfare. They both collaborated in the disposal of chemical warfare materials and the building of manufacturing plants in La Mara\u00f1osa, near Madrid, Spain, the Soviet Union and Germany.", "Q214845": "Gustav Schleicher (sometimes spelled Gustave) (November 19, 1823 \u2013 January 10, 1879) was a German-born Democratic United States Representative from Texas. He was an engineer who served briefly in the Texas legislature, and was a veteran of the Confederate Army.", "Q62985": "Marieluise Flei\u00dfer (German: [ma\u02cc\u0281i\u02d0lu\u02c8i\u02d0z\u0259 \u02c8fla\u026as\u0250]; 23 November 1901, Ingolstadt \u2013 2 February 1974, Ingolstadt) was a German author and playwright, most commonly associated with the aesthetic movement and style of Neue Sachlichkeit, or New Objectivity.", "Q891723": "A public company, publicly traded company, publicly held company, publicly listed company, or public limited company is a company whose ownership is organized via shares of stock which are intended to be freely traded on a stock exchange or in over-the-counter markets. A public company can be listed on a stock exchange (listed company), which facilitates the trade of shares, or not (unlisted public company). In some jurisdictions, public companies over a certain size must be listed on an exchange.\nPublic companies are formed within the legal systems of particular states, and therefore have associations and formal designations which are distinct and separate in the polity in which they reside. In the United States, for example, a public company is usually a type of corporation (though a corporation need not be a public company), in France it is usually a \"soci\u00e9t\u00e9 anonyme\" (SA), in Britain a public limited company (plc), and in Germany an Aktiengesellschaft (AG). While the general idea of a public company may be similar, differences are meaningful, and are at the core of international law disputes with regard to industry and trade.", "Q100136": "Otto B\u00f6ckel (born 2 July 1859 in Frankfurt am Main \u2013 died 17 September 1923 in Michendorf) was a German populist politician who became one of the first to successfully exploit anti-Semitism as a political issue in the country.", "Q285806": "Letters from a Killer is a 1998 British-American crime drama mystery film starring Patrick Swayze as a man who is falsely convicted of the murder of his wife. During his time in jail, he finds comfort from four women with whom he corresponds. After his second court appearance, he is finally freed from prison only to be framed for yet two more murders which he did not commit.\nThe movie is directed by David Carson, and also stars Gia Carides, Kim Myers, Olivia Birkelund, and Tina Lifford. It was directed by David Carson and writing by John Foster, Nicholas Hicks-Beach, and Shelley Miller.\n\n", "Q165792": "Edmund Burke (; 12 January [NS] 1729 \u2013 9 July 1797) was an Irish statesman and philosopher. Born in Dublin, Burke served as a member of parliament (MP) between 1766 and 1794 in the House of Commons of Great Britain with the Whig Party after moving to London in 1750.\nBurke was a proponent of underpinning virtues with manners in society and of the importance of religious institutions for the moral stability and good of the state. These views were expressed in his A Vindication of Natural Society. He criticized British treatment of the American colonies, including through its taxation policies. Burke also supported the rights of the colonists to resist metropolitan authority, although he opposed the attempt to achieve independence. He is remembered for his support for Catholic emancipation, the impeachment of Warren Hastings from the East India Company, and his staunch opposition to the French Revolution. \nIn his Reflections on the Revolution in France, Burke asserted that the revolution was destroying the fabric of good society and traditional institutions of state and society and condemned the persecution of the Catholic Church that resulted from it. This led to his becoming the leading figure within the conservative faction of the Whig Party which he dubbed the Old Whigs as opposed to the pro-French Revolution New Whigs led by Charles James Fox.In the 19th century, Burke was praised by both conservatives and liberals. Subsequently in the 20th century, he became widely regarded as the philosophical founder of modern conservatism.", "Q260134": "Brea Colleen Grant (born October 16, 1981) is an American actress and writer who is best known for playing Daphne Millbrook in the NBC television series Heroes.", "Q681897": "Veton Surroi (born 17 July 1961) is a Kosovo Albanian publicist, politician and former journalist. Surroi is the founder and former leader of the ORA political party, and was a member of Kosovo assembly from 2004 to 2008. Veton Surroi in 1997 established one of the biggest Kosovo Albanian daily newspapers Koha Ditore and was the editor-in-chief for a number of years before deciding to enter politics in Kosovo. Surroi's father, Rexhai Surroi, was one of the very few Albanians to become ambassadors of the former Yugoslavia. His father was the Yugoslav ambassador to Spain and a number of Latin American countries. As a result, Surroi spent a part of his life in the Spanish speaking world where he was also educated.\nVeton Surroi studied Modern English Language and Literature at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Surroi speaks several languages, including: Albanian, English, Serbian and Spanish.\nSurroi won the 2011 SEEMO Human Rights Award.", "Q209182": "Public Enemy Radio (formerly Public Enemy) is an American hip hop group consisting of Chuck D and DJ Lord. Formed in Long Island, New York, in 1985, they are famous for their music with a heavy political message alongside extreme criticism of the media of the United States, with many of their works also revolving around frustrations and concerns of the African American community.\nPublic Enemy's debut album, Yo! Bum Rush the Show, was released in 1987 to critical acclaim and their second album, It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back (1988), was the first hip hop album to top The Village Voice's Pazz & Jop critics' poll. Their next three albums, Fear of a Black Planet (1990), Apocalypse 91... The Enemy Strikes Black (1991) and Muse Sick-n-Hour Mess Age (1994), were also well-received by music critics. Public Enemy has gone through lineup changes over the years, with Chuck D being the only constant member of the group. Professor Griff left in 1989 but rejoined in 1998, though he parted ways with the group again some years later. DJ Lord also joined Public Enemy in 1998 as the replacement of the group's original DJ Terminator X. Flavor Flav, one of the co-founders of Public Enemy, was a member of the group for three-and-a-half decades, until he was fired in 2020. Since the split with Flavor Flav, Public Enemy tour and record music under the name of Public Enemy Radio which consists of the lineup of Chuck D, Jahi, DJ Lord and the S1Ws. \nPublic Enemy's first four albums during the late 1980s and early 1990s were all certified either gold or platinum and were, according to music critic Robert Hilburn in 1998, \"the most acclaimed body of work ever by a hip hop act\". Critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine called them \"the most influential and radical band of their time\". They were inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2013. They were honored with the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at the 62nd Grammy Awards.", "Q540915": "Oleksandr Ponomariov (Ukrainian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u044c\u043e\u0432) born, August 9, 1973, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine is one of the most famous singers of Ukraine. He has been awarded the country's \"Singer of the Year\" seven times.One of Oleksandr's early passions was boxing. When his eyesight started to deteriorate he was forbidden to fight by his doctor.Oleksandr, obeying this medical advice, needed to find an alternative career. While he had always enjoyed singing, he never thought that music could be his main occupation. Despite this, he applied to a music college where he encountered one drawback: he could not read music. The college professors accepted him on the basis of his excellent singing voice and allowed him to stay on the condition that he master the school's seven-year curriculum in the space of one year. He apparently succeeded.Since 1992, Oleksandr has taken part in dozens of Ukrainian and international festivals. In 1998, Ukraine's government recognized Oleksandar by awarding him the title of \"Honored Artist of Ukraine\".Oleksandr, performing \"Hasta la Vista\" was the first artist ever to represent Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003. His performance included a circus act with a contortionist and an Apollo program rocket. He finished in 14th place.", "Q538676": "Lou Monte (born Luigi Scaglione; April 2, 1917 \u2013 June 12, 1989) was an Italian American singer best known for a number of best-selling, Italian-themed novelty records which he recorded for both RCA Victor and Reprise Records in the late 1950s and early 1960s. He also recorded on Roulette Records, Jubilee Records, Regalia Records, Musicor Records, Laurie Records, and AFE Records.", "Q475004": "Zmicier Zhylunovich (Belarusian-lacinka: \u0179micier \u017dy\u0142unovi\u010d, Belarusian-Cyrillic alphabet: \u0417\u044c\u043c\u0456\u0446\u0435\u0440 \u0416\u044b\u043b\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0447, transliterated from Russian: \"Dmitri Zhilunovich\") (October 13, 1887 \u2013 April 11, 1937) was a Belarusian poet, writer and journalist, known under pen name Tsishka Hartny (Ci\u0161ka Hartny, \u0426\u0456\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b), and a political leader.\nHe was the first head of a Soviet government in Belarus, the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia.In 1924 he published a book \"Slivers on the waves\".\nIn 1937, during the Great Purge in the Soviet Union, he was arrested as an \"enemy of the Belarusian people\" and committed suicide in prison.", "Q1606257": "Henrik Freischlader (born 3 November 1982) is a German blues guitarist, singer-songwriter, producer, and autodidactic multi-instrumentalist from Wuppertal, Germany.\n\nHenrik Freischlader has been the supporting act for Joe Bonamassa, B.B. King, the late Gary Moore, Peter Green, Johnny Winter and other blues legends.", "Q815": "Gabriel Gonz\u00e1lez Videla (American Spanish: [ga\u02c8\u03b2\u027ej\u025bl \u0263\u00f5n\u02c8sales \u03b2i\u02c8\u00f0ela]; November 22, 1898 \u2013 August 22, 1980) was a Chilean politician. He was a deputy and senator in the Chilean Congress and was President of Chile from 1946 to 1952. He also helped draft the current Chilean constitution.", "Q180078": "Kermanshah (Persian: \u06a9\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0647\u200e; Kurdish: Kirma\u015fan ,\u06a9\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200e), also known as Kerm\u0101nsh\u0101h\u0101n, is the capital of Kermanshah Province, located 525 kilometres (326 miles) from Tehran in the western part of Iran. According to the 2016 census, its population is 946,681 (2019 estimate 1,046,000). A majority of the population speaks Southern Kurdish. Kermanshah has a moderate and mountainous climate. Kermanshah is the largest Kurdish-speaking city in Iran. Most of the inhabitants of Kermanshah are Shia Muslims, but there are minorities such as Sunni Muslims, Yarsani, and so on.\n\n", "Q230703": "Mich\u00e8le Mercier (born 1 January 1939 as Jocelyne Yvonne Ren\u00e9e Mercier) is a French actress. In the course of her career she has worked with leading directors like Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut, Jean-Pierre Melville, Jacques Deray, Dino Risi, Mario Monicelli, Mario Bava, Peter Collinson and Ken Annakin. Her leading men have included Marcello Mastroianni, Vittorio Gassman, Jean-Paul Belmondo, Jean Gabin, Charles Aznavour, Robert Hossein, Charles Bronson, Tony Curtis and Charlton Heston. She has appeared in over fifty films, and is best known for her starring role in Angelique, Marquise des Anges.", "Q11943": "The canton of Z\u00fcrich (German: Kanton Z\u00fcrich ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of 1,520,968 (as of 31 December 2018), it is the most populated canton in the country. Its capital is the city of Z\u00fcrich. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called Z\u00fcrit\u00fc\u00fctsch, is commonly spoken. In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut.", "Q464109": "Scissor Sisters are an American pop/rock band formed in 2001. Forged in the \"gay nightlife scene of New York\", the band took its name from the female same-sex sexual activity tribadism. Its members include Jake Shears and Ana Matronic as vocalists, Babydaddy as multi-instrumentalist, Del Marquis as lead guitar/bassist, and Randy Real (who replaced Paddy Boom) as drummer. Scissor Sisters incorporates diverse and eclectic styles in their music, but tends to sway towards pop rock, glam rock, nu-disco, and electroclash.\nThe band came to prominence following the release of their Grammy-nominated and chart-topping disco version of \"Comfortably Numb\" and subsequent debut album Scissor Sisters (2004). The album was a success, particularly in the UK where it reached number one, was the best-selling album of 2004, was later certified platinum by the BPI, and earned them three BRIT Awards in 2005. All five of its singles reached positions within the top 20 of the UK Singles Chart while \"Filthy/Gorgeous\" scored the band their first number one on Billboard's Hot Dance Club Songs, despite the album's meager success in their native US.\nThe album continued its success in countries around Europe, in Australia and in Canada before the release of the band's second studio album Ta-Dah (2006), their second consecutive UK number one album which produced their first UK number one single \"I Don't Feel Like Dancin'\". Their third studio album Night Work (2010) displayed a shift towards a more club-oriented sound, charting at number two on the UK Albums Chart, number one on Billboard's Top Independent Albums chart and in the top 10 of several international territories. The band released their fourth studio album Magic Hour in May 2012.\nScissor Sisters has performed around the world and have become recognized for their controversial and transgressive live performances. They also collaborated with a number of other well-known pop musicians, including Elton John and Kylie Minogue; these particular collaborations have been received positively by both critics and other notable figures. In 2004, Bono, lead vocalist of rock band U2, described Scissor Sisters as \"the best pop group in the world\". They also collaborated with Global Cool in 2007 on one of their green lifestyle campaigns.", "Q279465": "The Scarlet Empress is a 1934 American historical drama film made by Paramount Pictures about the life of Catherine the Great. It was directed and produced by Josef von Sternberg from a screenplay by Eleanor McGeary, loosely based on the diary of Catherine arranged by Manuel Komroff.\nEven though substantial historical liberties are taken, the film is viewed positively by modern critics. The Scarlet Empress is particularly notable for its attentive lighting and the expressionist art design von Sternberg creates for the Russian palace.\nThe film stars Marlene Dietrich as Catherine, supported by John Davis Lodge, Sam Jaffe, Louise Dresser, and C. Aubrey Smith. Dietrich's daughter Maria Riva plays Catherine as a child.", "Q188424": "George Washington Dunlap (February 22, 1813 \u2013 June 6, 1880) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.\nBorn at Walnut Hills, near Lexington, Kentucky, Dunlap pursued preparatory studies.\nHe was graduated from Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, in 1834.\nHe studied law. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Lancaster, Kentucky.\nHe served as commissioner of the circuit court 1843\u20131874.\nHe served as member of the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1853.\nDunlap was elected as a Unionist to the Thirty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1861 \u2013 March 3, 1863). He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Navy (Thirty-seventh Congress).\nHe served as member of the Border State Convention in 1861.\nHe was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1862 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against West H. Humphreys, United States judge for the several districts of Tennessee.\nHe resumed the practice of law.\nEugenia Dunlap Potts, who became a historian, was his daughter. He died in Lancaster, Kentucky, on June 6, 1880.\nHe was interred in Lancaster Cemetery.", "Q487292": "Allianz SE ( AL-ee-\u0259nts; German pronunciation: [ali\u02c8ants] (listen)) is a European multinational financial services company headquartered in Munich, Germany. Its core businesses are insurance and asset management. As of 2014, it is the world's largest insurance company, the largest financial services group and the largest company according to a composite measure by Forbes magazine, as well as the largest financial services company when measured by 2013 revenue. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.Its asset management division, which consists of PIMCO, Allianz Global Investors and Allianz Real Estate, has \u20ac1,960 billion of assets under management (AuM), of which \u20ac1,448 billion are third-party assets (as at 2017-12-31).Allianz sold Dresdner Bank to Commerzbank in November 2008. As a result of this transaction, Allianz gained a 14% controlling stake in the new Commerzbank.", "Q1889355": "Robert Jason Costanzo (born October 20, 1942) is an American actor and voice actor. He has an acting career spanning over forty years and is often found playing surly New York City types such as crooks, low-level workers and policemen, and mixes both drama and comedy roles. He is also a prominent voice actor and often serves as a voice double for Danny DeVito.", "Q704123": "Sir Terence Orby Conran, CH, FCSD (born 4 October 1931) is an English designer, restaurateur, retailer and writer.", "Q2997349": "Corinne Mentzelopoulos-Petit (born 6 July 1953) is a French-Greek businesswoman who owns and runs the prestigious Bordeaux wine estate, Ch\u00e2teau Margaux. Her wines have often won Bordeaux's Wine of the Vintage. She has been cited as one of the leading women in the wine industry.", "Q4359408": "State University of New York at Purchase (commonly Purchase College) is a public college in Harrison, New York, in the hamlet of Purchase. It is one of 13 comprehensive colleges in the State University of New York (SUNY) system. It was founded by Governor Nelson Rockefeller in 1967 as \"the cultural gem of the SUNY system.\"\nPurchase College confers the following degrees: Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BS), Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA), Bachelor of Music (MusB), Master of Arts (MA), Master of Fine Arts (MFA), and the Master of Music (MM). As a requirement for the BA and BS degree, students undertake a senior project in which they devote two semesters to an in-depth, original, and creative study under the close supervision of a faculty mentor. Similarly, the BFA and MusB studies culminate in a senior exhibition, film, or recital. Master's degree programs culminate in a thesis and the MFA and MM culminate in an exhibition, recital, or related presentation.", "Q75209": "Helene Lange (9 April 1848 in Oldenburg \u2013 13 May 1930 in Berlin) was a pedagogue and feminist. She is a symbolic figure of the international and German civil rights feminist movement. In the years from 1919 to 1921 she was a member of the Hamburg Parliament. In 1928 she was honoured with the Grand Prussian State Medal (gro\u00dfen preu\u00dfischen Staatsmedaille) \"For Services to the State\".", "Q683058": "Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer (10 December 1790 \u2013 26 April 1861) was a German Tyrolean traveller, journalist, politician and historian, best known for his controversial and long-disproved discontinuity theory concerning the racial origins of the Greeks , and for his travel writings.", "Q523530": "Leonard Harris Sassaman (1980 \u2013 July 3, 2011) was an advocate for privacy, and the maintainer of the Mixmaster anonymous remailer code and operator of the randseed remailer.", "Q367129": "Roy Rogers (born Leonard Franklin Slye, November 5, 1911 \u2013 July 6, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and television host. He was one of the most popular Western stars of his era. Known as the \"King of the Cowboys\", he appeared in over 100 films and numerous radio and television episodes of The Roy Rogers Show. In many of his films and television episodes, he appeared with his wife, Dale Evans, his golden palomino Trigger; and his German shepherd, Bullet. His show was broadcast on radio for nine years and then on television from 1951 through 1957. His early roles were uncredited parts in films by fellow cowboy singing star Gene Autry and his productions usually featured a sidekick, often Pat Brady, Andy Devine, George \"Gabby\" Hayes, or Smiley Burnette. In his later years, he lent his name to the franchise chain of Roy Rogers Restaurants.\n\n", "Q307805": "\u00d6zge \u00d6zberk (born 13 August 1976) is a Turkish actress who has acted in many films, television series and plays.", "Q533723": "Angelfish was a short-lived early-1990s Scottish alternative rock group originating from Edinburgh, Scotland, formed as a side-project to Scottish group Goodbye Mr Mackenzie, after keyboardist and backing vocalist Shirley Manson was signed as a solo artist to circumvent the Mackenzies' existing record contract. Angelfish released a single self-titled studio album, Angelfish, and two singles of which the first was an EP for minor college radio hit \"Suffocate Me\".The music video for \"Suffocate Me\" was aired once by MTV during 120 Minutes, where it was seen by Garbage co-founder Steve Marker. Manson was asked to join Garbage and accepted. The Angelfish side-project was dissolved, while Goodbye Mr Mackenzie continued for another two years without Manson.", "Q982005": "Nicolas Jacques Andr\u00e9 Hulot (French pronunciation: \u200b[nik\u0254la \u0292ak \u0251\u0303d\u0281e ylo]; born 30 April 1955 in Lille, France; officier de la L\u00e9gion d'honneur, chevalier des Arts et Lettres) is a French journalist and environmental activist. He is the founder and president of the Fondation Nicolas Hulot, an environmental group established in 1990.\nHulot ran as a candidate in the primary for the Europe Ecology \u2013 The Greens party in 2011 and eventually lost to Eva Joly. Hulot has refused to be a minister for Jacques Chirac, Nicolas Sarkozy and Fran\u00e7ois Hollande.In May 2017, he was appointed Minister for the Ecological and Solidary Transition in the first Philippe government. On 28 August 2018, he announced his resignation from the government.", "Q117304": "Valerius Anshelm (1475 \u2013 1546/1547), born as Valerius R\u00fcd (or Ryd), was a Swiss chronicler working in Bern.\nAnshelm was born in Rottweil, a city in Swabia that was allied with the Old Swiss Confederacy. His grandfather \u201eBoley der R\u00fcd genannt Anshelm\u201c had fought on the side of the Eidgenossen in the Burgundy Wars. After studies in Krak\u00f3w (1493\u201395) and T\u00fcbingen (until 1499) he spent some time as a travelling scholar (in 1501, he was in Lyon). He then settled in Bern, where he was appointed on 22 August 1505 the headmaster of the Latin school. In 1508, he became the city physician.\nAs a sympathizer of the Reformation, he corresponded with reformers such as Zwingli and Vadian. A critical remark of his wife on the veneration of Mary earned him a reprimand by the city council and a substantial pay cut in 1523, and as a consequence the family moved to Rottweil two years later. However, there he got involved in the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants, too, and even spent some time in jail. When the Protestants were banned from Rottweil in 1529, he more than gladly followed a call of Bern (which had become Protestant in 1528) to serve as the city's chronicler. From 1535 to 1537 he again served also as the city physician. He died between 1 August 1546 and 21 February 1547; the exact date is unknown.\nAnshelm's appointment as chronicler was based on his having written a Latin chronicle of world history already during his first stay in Bern. Written in 1510, it was not printed until 1540, but Anshelm had distributed handwritten copies before. His main opus, however, was the Berner Chronik, a history of the city of Bern on which he worked in his position as city chronicler until his death. After a brief introduction to the early history, it covered especially the time from the Burgundy Wars until 1536, although only fragments of the period of 1526 to 1536 survived. It remained buried in the municipal archives of Bern and was thus not widely known until the 17th century, when Michael Stettler was commissioned to continue Anshelm's work. Stettler's own Schweizerchronik, a history of Switzerland that was based on Anshelm's work, appeared first in 1626.", "Q213864": "Paul William Walker IV (September 12, 1973 \u2013 November 30, 2013) was an American actor and philanthropist best known for his role as Brian O'Conner in The Fast and the Furious franchise. Walker began his career as a child actor during the 1970s and 1980s, but first gained recognition in the early 1990s after appearing in the television soap opera The Young and the Restless. He soon transitioned into film, and received praise in 1999 for his performances in the teen films She's All That and Varsity Blues, which helped kickstart his career. Walker then gained international fame after starring in The Fast and the Furious.\nHe subsequently gained commercial success in a number of other action and thriller films, enjoying critical praise for his performances in Joy Ride (2001), Into the Blue (2005), and Running Scared (2006). Walker also enjoyed critical and commercial success in other genres, such as the survival drama Eight Below (2006) and the war film Flags of Our Fathers (2006). Later in his career, Walker featured as a presenter for the marine biology series Expedition Great White and became known for his philanthropic efforts, founding the disaster-relief charity Reach Out Worldwide (ROWW) in 2010.Walker died on November 30, 2013 at the age of 40 as a passenger in a single-car crash alongside friend and driver Roger Rodas. Walker's father and daughter filed separate wrongful death lawsuits against Porsche, which resulted in settlements. At the time of his death, Walker had not completed filming Furious 7 (2015), which was completed after rewrites and stand-ins, including his brothers Cody and Caleb, filling in for Walker. The song \"See You Again\" by Wiz Khalifa and Charlie Puth was commissioned for the film's soundtrack as a tribute to Walker.", "Q74671": "Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a 2010 American live-action/animated comedy film directed by Thor Freudenthal and based on Jeff Kinney's 2007 book of the same name. The film stars Zachary Gordon and Robert Capron. Devon Bostick, Rachael Harris, Steve Zahn, and Chlo\u00eb Grace Moretz also have prominent roles. It is the first installment in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series, and was followed by three sequels, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (2011), Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (2012), and Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (2017).The film was theatrically released on March 19, 2010, in the United States by 20th Century Fox. The film earned $75.7 million on a $15 million budget. It is the only film in the series to be directed by Freudenthal, who was replaced by David Bowers for the rest of the installments.", "Q255831": "Ai Yoshikawa (\u5409\u5ddd \u611b, Yoshikawa Ai) is a Japanese actress. While working as a child actress she was represented by Moon the Child Agency. Her representative works includes the television series Oh! My Girl!!, Hanayome to Papa and Yamada Taro Monogatari. She is represented by Ken-On.", "Q4919832": "Bj\u00f8rn Arild Gram (born 7 May 1972 in Steinkjer) is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.\nHe studied at Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag University College from 1991 to 1997 and took the siv.\u00f8k. degree at Bod\u00f8 University College in 2000. He was employed in Telenor Mobil in 2000.From 1996 to 1998 he chaired the Centre Youth, the youth wing of the Centre Party. On the local level Gram is the mayor of Steinkjer since 2007, having formerly been a member of the county council from 1991 to 2000. He was a member of Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag county council from 1995, and has chaired the county party chapter.He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag during the terms 1993\u20131997, 2001\u20132005, 2005\u20132009 and 2013\u20132017. From 2005 to 2007 Gram was a member of Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet as State Secretary in the Ministry of Finance. In 2013, as Marit Arnstad from Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag was a member of the outgoing Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet, Gram met as a regular representative during the two weeks before the cabinet change.", "Q348874": "Alan Roger Mulally (born August 4, 1945) is an American aerospace engineer and manufacturing executive. He is former President and Chief Executive Officer of the Ford Motor Company. He retired from Ford Motor Company on July 1, 2014. Ford had been struggling during the late-2000s recession, returned to profitability under Mulally, and was the only American major car manufacturer to avoid a bailout fund provided by the government. Mulally's achievements at Ford are chronicled in the book American Icon: Alan Mulally and the Fight to Save Ford Motor Company by Bryce G. Hoffman, published in 2012. On July 15, 2014, he was appointed to the Board of Directors of Google.Mulally was the executive vice president of Boeing and the CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA). He began his career with Boeing as an engineer in 1969 and was largely credited with BCA's resurgence against Airbus in the mid-2000s. In 2015, Mulally was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.", "Q272256": "Virginia Avenel Henderson (November 30, 1897 \u2013 March 19, 1996) was an influential nurse, researcher, theorist, and author.Henderson is famous for a definition of nursing: \"The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge\" (first published in Henderson & Nite 1978, p. 5, 1955 ed.). She is known as \"the first lady of nursing\" and has been called, \"arguably the most famous nurse of the 20th century\" and \"the quintessential nurse of the twentieth century\". In a 1996 article in the Journal of Advanced Nursing Edward Halloran wrote, \"Virginia Henderson's written works will be viewed as the 20th century equivalent of those of the founder of modern nursing, Florence Nightingale.\"", "Q106209": "Alice Salomon (19 April 1872, in Berlin \u2013 30 August 1948, in New York) was a German social reformer and pioneer of social work as an academic discipline. Her role was so important to German social work that a commemorative postage stamp was issued 1989 by Deutsche Bundespost about her. A university, a park and a square in Berlin are all named after her.\n\n", "Q4775473": "Antoine Gilles Florent Menier (October 13, 1904 \u2013 August 12, 1967) was a French businessman and municipal politician who was a member of the prominent Menier family of chocolatiers.\nBorn in Paris, Antoine Menier was the eldest of the four sons of Georges Menier (1880\u20131933) and Simone Camille Marie Legrand (1881\u20131972). He studied at the Lyc\u00e9e Condorcet in Paris but had little interest in business and did not go on to advanced studies. Instead, he used his wealth to pursue a life of sporting activities. An auto racing enthusiast, Antoine Menier set a number of records driving Alfa Romeo vehicles in hillclimbing events.\nIn 1933 Antoine Menier became the mayor of Lognes, a town about two miles (3.2 km) south of the family's factories in Noisiel. He held the mayoral position until 1945 when his uncle Jacques Menier died. Since 1871, Menier family members had been the mayor of the town of Noisiel and Antoine replaced his uncle Jacques as Noisiel's mayor. He held that office until 1959 but was the last Menier to be the town's mayor.", "Q14185": "Occitan (English: , Occitan: [utsi\u02c8ta], French: [\u0254ksit\u0251\u0303]), also known as lenga d'\u00f2c (Occitan: [\u02c8le\u014b\u0261\u0254 \u02c8\u00f0\u0254(k)] (listen); French: langue d'oc) by its native speakers, is a Romance language (or branch of numerous of these) spoken in Southern France, Monaco, Italy's Occitan Valleys, as well as Spain's Val d'Aran; collectively, these regions are sometimes referred to as Occitania. It is also spoken in the linguistic enclave of Guardia Piemontese (Calabria, Italy). Some include Catalan in Occitan, as the distance between this language and some Occitan dialects (such as the Gascon language) is similar to the distance among different Occitan dialects. In fact, Catalan was considered a dialect of Occitan until the end of the 19th century and still today remains its closest relative.Occitan is an official language of Catalonia, where a subdialect of Gascon known as Aranese is spoken in the Val d'Aran. Since September 2010, the Parliament of Catalonia has considered Aranese Occitan to be the officially preferred language for use in the Val d'Aran.\nAcross history, the terms Limousin (Lemosin), Languedocien (Lengadocian), Gascon, and later Proven\u00e7al (Proven\u00e7al, Proven\u00e7au or Prouven\u00e7au) have been used as synonyms for the whole of Occitan; nowadays, \"Proven\u00e7al\" is understood mainly as the Occitan dialect spoken in Provence, in southeast France.Unlike other Romance languages such as French or Spanish, there is no single written standard language called \"Occitan\", and Occitan has no official status in France, home to most of Occitania. Instead, there are competing norms for writing Occitan, some of which attempt to be pan-dialectal, whereas others are based on particular dialects. These efforts are hindered by the rapidly declining use of Occitan as a spoken language in much of southern France, as well as by the significant differences in phonology and vocabulary among different Occitan dialects.\nIn particular, the northern and easternmost dialects have more morphological and phonetic features in common with the Gallo-Italic and O\u00efl languages (e.g. nasal vowels; loss of final consonants; initial cha/ja- instead of ca/ga-; uvular \u27e8r\u27e9; the front-rounded sound /\u00f8/ instead of a diphthong, /w/ instead of /l/ before a consonant), whereas the southernmost dialects have more features in common with the Ibero-Romance languages (e.g. betacism; voiced fricatives between vowels in place of voiced stops; -ch- in place of -it-), and Gascon has a number of unusual features not seen in other dialects (e.g. /h/ in place of /f/; loss of /n/ between vowels; intervocalic -r- and final -t/ch in place of medieval -ll-). There are also significant lexical differences, where some dialects have words cognate with French, and others have Catalan and Spanish cognates (maison/casa \"house\", testa/cap \"head\", petit/pichon \"small\", achaptar/crompar \"to buy\", entendre/ausir \"to hear\", se taire/se calar \"to be quiet\", tombar/caire \"to fall\", p(l)us/mai \"more\", totjorn/sempre \"always\", etc.). Nonetheless, there is a significant amount of mutual intelligibility.\nThe long-term survival of Occitan is in grave doubt. According to the UNESCO Red Book of Endangered Languages, four of the six major dialects of Occitan (Proven\u00e7al, Auvergnat, Limousin and Languedocien) are considered severely endangered, whereas the remaining two (Gascon and Vivaro-Alpine) are considered definitely endangered.", "Q563672": "Timothy Ferriss (born July 20, 1977) is an American entrepreneur, author, and podcaster.", "Q704645": "Manuel del P\u00f3pulo Vicente Rodriguez Garc\u00eda (also known as Manuel Garc\u00eda the Senior; 21 January 1775 \u2013 10 June 1832) was a Spanish opera singer, composer, impresario, and singing teacher.", "Q23729": "Hermann Wilhelm H\u00e4fker (3 June 1873 in Bremen \u2013 27 December 1939 in the Concentration Camp Mauthausen) was an important film theoretician as well as an acknowledged Esperantist and writer.\nH\u00e4fker published essential contributions to film theory. Like Sergei Eisenstein he saw film as a comprehensive artwork. H\u00e4fker is considered the most important representative of the film reform movement in Germany. He recognized early the cultural potential of cinema, but also the dangers of \"low taste\" resulting from commercial film production. His work can be seen as part of the aesthetic movement initiated by Deutscher Werkbund and D\u00fcrerbund.\nDuring his years in Dresden he was closely connected to Ferdinand Avenarius and his D\u00fcrerbund. He wrote popular books on history, sexual education and science. His presumably most successful book, Das Sternbilder-Buch, contributed to educating the youth to love of stars and astronomy. H\u00e4fker created it in collaboration with graphic designer Kurt Fiedler for the D\u00fcrerbund. H\u00e4fker's Weltgeschichte in einem Band (World History in one Volume) was banned by the Nazis.\nBecause of his resistance against Nazi culture policy, they imposed Berufsverbot on H\u00e4fker. He fled 1936 to Prague, was brought to Dachau concentration camp after the German invasion and died in the Concentration Camp Mauthausen.", "Q337078": "The Big Lebowski () is a 1998 crime comedy film written, produced, and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. It stars Jeff Bridges as Jeffrey \"The Dude\" Lebowski, a Los Angeles slacker and avid bowler. He is assaulted as a result of mistaken identity, after which The Dude learns that a millionaire (also named Jeffrey Lebowski) was the intended victim. The millionaire Lebowski's trophy wife is kidnapped, and he commissions The Dude to deliver the ransom to secure her release; the plan goes awry when the Dude's friend Walter Sobchak (John Goodman) schemes to keep the ransom money. Julianne Moore, Steve Buscemi, David Huddleston, John Turturro and Philip Seymour Hoffman also appear, in supporting roles.\nThe film is loosely inspired by the work of Raymond Chandler. Joel Coen stated, \"We wanted to do a Chandler kind of story \u2013 how it moves episodically, and deals with the characters trying to unravel a mystery, as well as having a hopelessly complex plot that's ultimately unimportant.\" The original score was composed by Carter Burwell, a longtime collaborator of the Coen brothers.\nThe Big Lebowski was a disappointment at the U.S. box office and received mixed reviews at the time of its release. Over time, reviews have become largely positive, and the film has become a cult favorite, noted for its eccentric characters, comedic dream sequences, idiosyncratic dialogue, and eclectic soundtrack. In 2014, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress, being deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". A spin-off based on John Turturro's character, titled The Jesus Rolls, was released in 2019 with Turturro also acting as writer and director.", "Q1687749": "Jerome Kohlberg Jr. (July 10, 1925 \u2013 July 30, 2015) was an American businessman, investor, and philanthropist. He was an early pioneer in the private equity and leveraged buyout industries founding private equity firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. and later Kohlberg & Company.\nHe was listed on the 2008 Forbes List of billionaires as the 785th richest person in the world with an estimated net worth of $1.5 billion.", "Q287977": "Richard Ewing Powell (November 14, 1904 \u2013 January 2, 1963) was an American singer, actor, voice actor, film producer, film director and studio head. Though he came to stardom as a musical comedy performer, he showed versatility, and successfully transformed into a hardboiled leading man starring in projects of a more dramatic nature. He was the first actor to portray the private detective Philip Marlowe on screen.", "Q115513": "Pascal Couchepin (born 5 April 1942) is a Swiss politician, former member of the Swiss Federal Council (1998\u20132009) and President of the Confederation in 2003 and 2008. He headed the Federal Department of Home Affairs (Swiss interior ministry) from 2003 to 2009.\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 11 March 1998 as a member of the Free Democratic Party (FDP/PRD) and the canton of Valais. In 1998 he took over the Federal Department of Economic Affairs, in which position he fought against the Swiss government contributing any money to the $1.25 billion settlement between Swiss banks and Holocaust survivors. He was quoted as saying that \"there is no reason for the Swiss Government to pay anything\", as a government commission had shown \"we did what was possible in the hard times of the war.\" In 2003 he moved to the Federal Department of Home Affairs.\nHe was the President of the Confederation in 2003. On 13 December 2006, he was elected vice-president of the Federal Council for 2007, and, on 12 December 2007 was elected President of the Confederation in 2008.\nPreviously, he had been Deputy Mayor (1976) and Mayor of Martigny (since 1984) and, from 1979 to 1998, member of the National Council.\nCouchepin holds a DEA's degree in Law from the University of Lausanne, is father of three (2 daughters and a son) and has two grandchildren.\nDuring the Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy, he stated the Pope's speech was \"intelligent and necessary.\"On 12 June 2009, Couchepin announced his resignation from the Federal Council effective 31 October 2009. This led to an election to fill his vacated seat.\nPascal Couchepin is a Member of the Global Leadership Foundation, an organization which works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law. It does so by making available, discreetly and in confidence, the experience of former leaders to today's national leaders. It is a not-for-profit organization composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organization officials who work closely with Heads of Government on governance-related issues of concern to them.", "Q276030": "Yaacov Agam (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d2\u05dd\u200e) is an Israeli sculptor and experimental artist best known for his contributions to optical and kinetic art.", "Q188342": "Joseph Nic\u00e9phore Ni\u00e9pce (French: [nisef\u0254\u0281 nj\u025bps]; 7 March 1765 \u2013 5 July 1833), commonly known or referred to simply as Nic\u00e9phore Ni\u00e9pce, was a French inventor, usually credited as the inventor of photography and a pioneer in that field. Ni\u00e9pce developed heliography, a technique he used to create the world's oldest surviving product of a photographic process: a print made from a photoengraved printing plate in 1825. In 1826 or 1827, he used a primitive camera to produce the oldest surviving photograph of a real-world scene. Among Ni\u00e9pce's other inventions was the Pyr\u00e9olophore, the world's first internal combustion engine, which he conceived, created, and developed with his older brother Claude Ni\u00e9pce.", "Q173696": "Joan Villadelprat is the Spanish team principal of race team Epsilon Euskadi. He worked for McLaren, Ferrari and Tyrrell Racing before joining Benetton Formula. He was formerly Operations Director and Team Manager at Benetton Formula until 1999, he then worked for Prost Grand Prix as managing director. After the closure of Prost Grand Prix he left Formula 1.", "Q49296": "Ronald Joseph Arculli, GBM, GBS, CVO, OBE, JP (Chinese: \u590f\u4f73\u7406; born 2 January 1939 in Hong Kong) is former chairman of Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing, Non-official Members Convenor of the Executive Council of Hong Kong (Exco) and a senior partner at King & Wood Mallesons. He is a Hong Kong solicitor and a founding partner of the law firm, Arculli, Fong, & Ng, which later merged with King & Wood Mallesons.\n\n", "Q152880": "Iannis Xenakis (also spelt as Yannis Xenakis) (Greek: \u0393\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (\u0399\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2) \u039e\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 [\u02c8\u029danis kse\u02c8nacis]; 29 May 1922 \u2013 4 February 2001) was a Greek-French composer, music theorist, architect, performance director and engineer. After 1947, he fled Greece, becoming a naturalized citizen of France. He is considered an important post-World War II composer whose works helped revolutionize 20th-century classical music.Xenakis pioneered the use of mathematical models in music such as applications of set theory, stochastic processes and game theory and was also an important influence on the development of electronic and computer music. He integrated music with architecture, designing music for pre-existing spaces, and designing spaces to be integrated with specific music compositions and performances.\nAmong his most important works are Metastaseis (1953\u201354) for orchestra, which introduced independent parts for every musician of the orchestra; percussion works such as Psappha (1975) and Pl\u00e9\u00efades (1979); compositions that introduced spatialization by dispersing musicians among the audience, such as Terretektorh (1966); electronic works created using Xenakis's UPIC system; and the massive multimedia performances Xenakis called polytopes, that were a summa of his interests and skills. Among the numerous theoretical writings he authored, the book Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition (French edition 1963, English translation 1971) is regarded as one of his most important. As an architect, Xenakis is primarily known for his early work under Le Corbusier: the Sainte Marie de La Tourette, on which the two architects collaborated, and the Philips Pavilion at Expo 58, which Xenakis designed by himself.", "Q59085": "Robert Douglas Benton (born September 29, 1932) is a former American screenwriter and film director. He won the Academy Awards for Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Director for Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) and Best Original Screenplay for Places in the Heart (1984).\nBenton also garnered three additional Oscar nominations: two for Best Original Screenplay for both Bonnie and Clyde (1967) and The Late Show (1977) and one for Best Adapted Screenplay for Nobody's Fool (1994).\nHe has also directed Twilight (1998) and Feast of Love (2007) and co-wrote the screenplays for Superman (1978) and The Ice Harvest (2005).", "Q269110": "Chloe Suazo (born December 27, 1991), known professionally as Chloe Bridges, is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Zoey Moreno in the sitcom Freddie (2005\u20132006) and as Dana Turner in the Disney Channel original film Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam (2010). She has starred in the films Forget Me Not (2009), Family Weekend (2013), Mantervention (2014), The Final Girls (2015), and Nightlight (2015). She has also portrayed Donna LaDonna in The Carrie Diaries, Sydney in Pretty Little Liars, and Kibby in Daytime Divas.", "Q221168": "X-Men: The Last Stand (also marketed as X3) is a 2006 superhero film based on the X-Men superhero team introduced in Marvel Comics. It is the sequel to 2003's X2, as well as the third installment in the X-Men film series, and was directed by Brett Ratner and written by Simon Kinberg and Zak Penn. It features an ensemble cast including Hugh Jackman, Halle Berry, Ian McKellen, Famke Janssen, Anna Paquin, Kelsey Grammer, James Marsden, Rebecca Romijn, Shawn Ashmore, Aaron Stanford, Vinnie Jones, and Patrick Stewart. The film's script is loosely based on two X-Men comic book story arcs: \"The Dark Phoenix Saga\" by writer Chris Claremont and artist John Byrne, and \"Gifted\" by writer Joss Whedon and artist John Cassaday, with a plot that revolves around a \"mutant cure\" that causes serious repercussions among mutants and humans, and on the resurrection of Jean Grey.\nBryan Singer, who had directed the two previous films, X-Men (2000) and X2, decided to leave the sequel to work on Superman Returns. X2 composer John Ottman and X2 writers Dan Harris and Michael Dougherty also left to work on Superman Returns, as did James Marsden, who had very limited screen time in The Last Stand before his character was killed off due to his departure from the film. Singer had not even defined the storyline for a third film. Matthew Vaughn, who was initially hired as the new director, left due to personal and professional issues, and was replaced with Ratner. Filming took place from August 2005 to January 2006 with a budget of $210 million, and was consequently the most expensive film made at the time of its release. It had extensive visual effects created by 11 different companies.\nX-Men: The Last Stand was released on May 26, 2006, by 20th Century Fox. It grossed approximately $459 million worldwide, becoming the seventh-highest-grossing film of 2006; it was at the time the highest-grossing film in the series and currently the fourth-highest-grossing film of the franchise. Critical reception was mixed, with the acting, musical score and the action scenes receiving positive notice, and criticism directed at the screenplay, overuse of characters, style and lack of dynamics.", "Q18967": "National Lampoon's Van Wilder (released internationally as Van Wilder: Party Liaison) is a 2002 comedy film directed by Walt Becker and written by Brent Goldberg and David T. Wagner.\nNational Lampoon's Van Wilder stars Ryan Reynolds as the title character alongside Tara Reid, Kal Penn, and Tim Matheson. The film follows the misadventures of its lead character Van Wilder, a seventh-year senior, who has made his life goal in helping undergrads at Coolidge College succeed in the future. An article is then written for the campus newspaper by a fellow student, Gwen Pearson, played by Reid, bringing to light Van Wilder's college life. This attracts the attention of Van's father, played by Matheson, which leads to his tuition being cut off. Van Wilder gets stuck in the middle of a love triangle between Gwen and her mean-spirited boyfriend, Richard \"Dick\" Bagg (Daniel Cosgrove) while struggling to graduate. Van tries various schemes to earn enough money to pay his tuition and graduate, with help from Gwen and the rest of the student body, except a couple of sinister enemies who attempt to sabotage his efforts.\nA sequel, Van Wilder: The Rise of Taj, was released on December 1, 2006. A prequel, Van Wilder: Freshman Year, was released straight-to-DVD on July 14, 2009.", "Q1376553": "Mort Dixon (March 20, 1892 \u2013 March 23, 1956) was an American lyricist.", "Q270441": "Eva Wenche Steenfeldt Stang (5 December 1917 \u2013 28 March 2011), better known as Wenche Foss (Norwegian: [\u02c8v\u025b\u0302\u014bk\u0259 \u02c8f\u0254s\u02d0]), was a leading Norwegian actress of stage, screen and television.", "Q70417": "Jakob Adlung, or Adelung, (14 January 1699 \u2013 5 July 1762) was a German organist, teacher, instrument maker, music historian, and music theorist.", "Q36442": "Political science, occasionally called politology, is a social science which deals with systems of governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, associated constitutions and political behavior.Political science comprises numerous subfields, including comparative politics, political economy, international relations, political theory, public administration, public policy, and political methodology. Furthermore, political science is related to, and draws upon, the fields of economics, law, sociology, history, philosophy, geography, psychology/psychiatry, anthropology and neurosciences.\nComparative politics is the science of comparison and teaching of different types of constitutions, political actors, legislature and associated fields, all of them from an intrastate perspective. International relations deals with the interaction between nation-states as well as intergovernmental and transnational organizations. Political theory is more concerned with contributions of various classical and contemporary thinkers and philosophers.\nPolitical science is methodologically diverse and appropriates many methods originating in psychology, social research and cognitive neuroscience. Approaches include positivism, interpretivism, rational choice theory, behavioralism, structuralism, post-structuralism, realism, institutionalism, and pluralism. Political science, as one of the social sciences, uses methods and techniques that relate to the kinds of inquiries sought: primary sources such as historical documents and official records, secondary sources such as scholarly journal articles, survey research, statistical analysis, case studies, experimental research, and model building.", "Q709361": "Arthur Fiedler (December 17, 1894 \u2013 July 10, 1979) was a long-time conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra, a symphony orchestra that specializes in popular and light classical music. With a combination of musicianship and showmanship, he made the Boston Pops one of the best-known orchestras in the United States. Fiedler was sometimes criticized for over-popularizing music, particularly when adapting popular songs or editing portions of the classical repertoire, but he kept performances informal and sometimes self-mocking to attract a bigger audience.", "Q68258": "Weinfelden is a municipality in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. It is the capital of the district of the same name.\nWeinfelden is an old town, which was known during Roman times as Quivelda (Winis Feld).\nWeinfelden is mostly known throughout Switzerland for its hockey team, HC Thurgau which is currently playing in the Swiss League.", "Q172588": "Myron W. Fohr (17 June 1912 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin \u2013 14 January 1994 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) was an American racecar driver. He competed in the Indianapolis 500 two times.", "Q884312": "William Henry Upham (May 3, 1841 \u2013 July 2, 1924) was an American soldier, businessman, and politician who served as the 18th Governor of Wisconsin.", "Q4720328": "Alexander Walker Scott (10 November 1800 \u2013 1 November 1883) was an Australian entomologist mainly interested in butterflies.\nScott was the son of Dr Helenus and Augusta Maria Scott. He was born in Bombay, India and was educated at Bath Grammar School and Peterhouse, Cambridge, receiving a BA in 1822 and an MA in 1825. Scott was elected to the new Legislative Assembly, representing Northumberland and Hunter from 1856 to 1859, Northumberland 1858 to 1859 and Lower Hunter from 1860 to 1861. He supported the secret ballot and franchise extension. In 1861 he was nominated to the Legislative Council for life, but he took no part in it and resigned in 1866.A failed entrepreneur, he later became a prominent figure in the commercial establishment of the Newcastle region. He lived at Ash Island on the Hunter River with his wife, formerly Harriet Calcott, a seamstress, and his two daughters Harriet (1830\u20131907) and Helena Scott (1832\u20131910), both born in Sydney. At Ash Island the sisters helped their father in his entomological work, collecting, preparing and drying specimens of plants and insects, and also accepted painting, drawing and lithography commissions from Australian naturalists including Gerard Krefft, William Macleay, Thomas Sutcliffe Mort, Edward Pierson Ramsay, William Woolls and Ferdinand von Mueller.The Scott sisters became established with the publication of Australian Lepidoptera and their transformations, drawn from the life by Harriet and Helena Scott which illustrated insects in the stages of metamorphosis, in the environment in which they lived and fed. This work, published in 1864, was time-consuming and expensive and publication was delayed for 12 years. Although published (in London : John van Voorst) under Alexander Walker Scott it was an entirely collaborative work as its title states.Alexander Walker Scott was a trustee of the Australian Museum 1862\u201379 and a \nFellow of The Entomological Society of New South Wales, founded in 1862, as were \nboth Helena and Harriet, though in their case it was honorary, a rare distinction. He died in Paddington.\nThe Scott collection is conserved in the Australian Museum in Sydney.", "Q69152": "Thayngen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ta\u02d0\u026a\u014b\u0259n]) is a village and a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 Altdorf, Bibern, Hofen, Opfertshofen merged into Thayngen.", "Q173682": "Eddie Russo (November 19, 1925 \u2013 October 14, 2012) was an American racecar driver.\nRusso won the midget car racing track championship Raceway Park in Chicago in 1950. Russo competed in the AAA and USAC Championship Car series in the 1952-1957 and 1960 seasons, with 21 career starts, including 3 times in the Indianapolis 500. He finished in the top ten 5 times, with his best finish in 1955 at Langhorne.\nHis father, Joe, and his uncle, Paul, also entered the Indianapolis 500.", "Q82695": "Yegor Timurovich Gaidar (Russian: \u0415\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440 \u0422\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440; pronounced [j\u026a\u02c8\u0261or t\u02b2\u026a\u02c8mur\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0261\u0250j\u02c8dar]; 19 March 1956 \u2013 16 December 2009) was a Soviet and Russian economist, politician, and author, and was the Acting Prime Minister of Russia from 15 June 1992 to 14 December 1992.\nHe was the architect of the controversial shock therapy reforms administered in Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, which brought him both praise and harsh criticism. He participated in the preparation of the Bialowieza agreements. Many Russians held him responsible for the economic hardships that plagued the country in the 1990s that resulted in mass poverty and hyperinflation among other things, although liberals praised him as a man who did what had to be done to save the country from complete collapse. Jeffrey Sachs, director of Columbia University's Earth Institute, who advised the Russian government in the early 1990s, called Gaidar \"the intellectual leader of many of Russia's political and economic reforms\" and \"one of the few pivotal actors\" of the period.Gaidar died of pulmonary edema, provoked by myocardial ischemia on 16 December 2009.", "Q1360325": "Ernst St\u00f6hr (1860\u20131917) was an Austrian painter, graphic artist, writer and amateur musician; one of the founding members of the Vienna Secession.\n\n", "Q501785": "The City of Fairfax ( FAIR-faks), colloquially known as Fairfax City, Downtown Fairfax, Old Town Fairfax, Fairfax Courthouse, or simply just Fairfax, is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 22,565, which had risen to an estimated 24,574 as of 2018.The City of Fairfax is an enclave surrounded by the separate political entity Fairfax County. Fairfax City also contains an exclave of Fairfax County, the Fairfax County Court Complex.\nThe City of Fairfax and the area immediately surrounding the historical border of the City of Fairfax, collectively designated by Fairfax County as \"Fairfax\", comprise the county seat of Fairfax County. The city is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as a part of Northern Virginia. The city is 17 miles (27 km) west of Washington, D.C. The Washington Metro's Orange Line serves Fairfax through its Vienna station, which is a mile northeast of the city limits. CUE Bus and Metrobus operate in Fairfax. Virginia Railway Express's Burke Centre station is situated three miles southeast of the city's boundaries. Virginia's largest public educational institution with 35,189 students in 2017 is George Mason University, which is located in unincorporated Fairfax County, along the city's southern border while still having a City of Fairfax address and sharing the same public transportation system.", "Q18973": "The Georgians, or Kartvelians (; Georgian: \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, translit.: kartvelebi, pronounced [k\u02b0\u0251rt\u02b0v\u025bl\u025bbi]), are a nation and indigenous Caucasian ethnic group native to Georgia and the South Caucasus. Large Georgian communities are also present throughout Russia, Turkey, Greece, Iran, Ukraine, United States and the European Union.\nGeorgians arose from Colchian and Iberian civilizations of the classical antiquity and are one of the most ancient nations still living today. After Christianization of Iberia by Saint Nino, they became one of the first who embraced the faith of Jesus in the early 4th century, and now the majority of Georgians are Eastern Orthodox Christians, and most follow their national autocephalous Georgian Orthodox Church, although there are small Georgian Catholic and Muslim communities as well as a significant number of irreligious Georgians. Located in the Caucasus, on the continental crossroads of Europe and Asia, the High Middle Ages saw Georgian people form a unified Kingdom of Georgia in 1008 AD, the pan-Caucasian empire, later inaugurating the Georgian Golden Age, a height of political and cultural power of the nation. This lasted until the kingdom was weakened and later disintegrated as the result of the 13th\u201315th-century invasions of the Mongols and Timur, the Black Death, the Fall of Constantinople, as well as internal divisions following the death of George V the Brilliant in 1346, the last of the great kings of Georgia.Thereafter and throughout the early modern period, Georgians became politically fractured and were dominated by the Ottoman Empire and successive dynasties of Iran. Georgians started looking for allies and found the Russians on the political horizon as a possible replacement for the lost Byzantine Empire, \"for the sake of the Christian faith\". The Georgian kings and Russian tsars exchanged no less than 17 embassies, which culminated in 1783, when Heraclius II of the eastern Georgian kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti forged an alliance with the Russian Empire. The Russo-Georgian alliance, however, backfired as Russia was unwilling to fulfill the terms of the treaty, proceeding to annex the troubled kingdom in 1801 as well as the western Georgian kingdom of Imereti in 1810. There were several uprisings and movements to restore the statehood, the most notable being the 1832 plot, which collapsed in failure. Eventually, Russian rule over Georgia was acknowledged in various peace treaties with Iran and the Ottomans, and the remaining Georgian territories were absorbed by the Russian Empire in a piecemeal fashion through the course of the 19th century. Georgians briefly reasserted their independence from Russia under the First Georgian Republic from 1918 to 1921 and finally in 1991 from the Soviet Union.\nThe Georgian nation was formed out of a diverse set of geographic subgroups, each with its characteristic traditions, manners, dialects and, in the case of Svans and Mingrelians, own regional languages. The Georgian language, with its own unique writing system and extensive written tradition, which goes back to the 5th century, is the official language of Georgia as well as the language of education of all Georgians living in the country. According to the State Ministry on Diaspora Issues of Georgia, unofficial statistics say that there are more than 5 million Georgians in the world.", "Q716255": "John Fredrick Thomas Jane (6 August 1865 \u2013 8 March 1916) was the founding editor of reference books on warships (All the World's Fighting Ships) and aircraft (All the World's Airships) and the namesake of what would become Jane's Information Group and many of its publications.", "Q36456": "Hannibal (; Punic: \ud802\udd07\ud802\udd0d\ud802\udd01\ud802\udd0f\ud802\udd0b\ud802\udd1f\ud802\udd01\ud802\udd13\ud802\udd12, BRQ \u1e24NB\u02bfL; 247 \u2013 between 183 and 181 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded Carthage's main army against Rome during the Second Punic War (218\u2013201 BC). He is widely considered one of the greatest military commanders in world history. His father, Hamilcar Barca, was a leading Carthaginian commander during the First Punic War (264\u2013241 BC). His younger brothers were Mago and Hasdrubal, and he was brother-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair; all also commanded Carthaginian armies.\nHannibal lived during a period of great tension in the western Mediterranean Basin, triggered by the emergence of the Roman Republic as a great power after it had established its supremacy over Italy. Although Rome had won the First Punic War, revanchism prevailed in Carthage, symbolised by the alleged pledge that Hannibal made to his father never to be a friend of Rome. The Second Punic War broke out in 218 after Hannibal's attack on Saguntum, an ally of Rome in Hispania. He then made his famous military exploit of carrying war to Italy by crossing the Alps with his African elephants. In his first few years in Italy, he won a succession of dramatic victories at the Trebia, Lake Trasimene, and Cannae. He distinguished himself for his ability to determine his and his opponent's respective strengths and weaknesses, and to plan battles accordingly. Hannibal's well-planned strategies allowed him to conquer several Italian cities allied to Rome. Hannibal occupied most of southern Italy for 15 years, but could not win a decisive victory, as the Romans led by Fabius Maximus avoided confrontation with him, instead waging a war of attrition. A counter-invasion of North Africa led by Scipio Africanus forced him to return to Carthage. Scipio eventually defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama, having previously driven Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal out of the Iberian Peninsula.\nAfter the war, Hannibal successfully ran for the office of sufet. He enacted political and financial reforms to enable the payment of the war indemnity imposed by Rome; however, those reforms were unpopular with members of the Carthaginian aristocracy and in Rome, and he fled into voluntary exile. During this time, he lived at the Seleucid court, where he acted as military advisor to Antiochus III the Great in his war against Rome. Antiochus met defeat at the Battle of Magnesia and was forced to accept Rome's terms, and Hannibal fled again, making a stop in the Kingdom of Armenia. His flight ended in the court of Bithynia. He was afterwards betrayed to the Romans and committed suicide by poisoning himself.\nHannibal is often regarded as one of the greatest military strategists in history and one of the greatest generals of Mediterranean antiquity, together with Philip of Macedon, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Scipio Africanus and Pyrrhus. Plutarch states that Scipio supposedly asked Hannibal \"who the greatest general was\", to which Hannibal replied \"either Alexander or Pyrrhus, then himself\". Military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge called Hannibal the \"father of strategy\", because Roman armies adopted elements of his military tactics into their own strategic arsenal.", "Q595696": "James Harrison Wilson Thompson (March 21, 1906 \u2013 March 26, 1967 disappeared) was an American businessman who helped revitalise the Thai silk industry in the 1950s and 1960s. At the time of his disappearance he was one of the most famous Americans living in Asia. Time magazine claimed he \"almost singlehanded(ly) saved Thailand's vital silk industry from extinction\".", "Q3339429": "NurShahila binti Amir Amzah (born 13 August 1990) is a Malaysian singer-songwriter. Born and raised in Kuala Lumpur, she began going to recording studios at the age of 4 with her father and recorded a pop studio album five years later. With the help of a famous Malaysian record producer, in 2005 Shila released her second pop studio album, Sha-Hila. Her single \"Patah Seribu\" (2011) received Pop Song of the Year and Song of the Year at the 19th Malaysian Music Awards.She continued her singing career by breaking out to Shanghai, China and eventually won the Asian Wave. As a result, Shila received the Kembara Award (International Music Breakthrough Award) from Malaysian Music Awards making Shila the youngest Kembara Award honoree. Afterwards, Shila continued her singing career in mandopop industry by breaking out to Hong Kong in 2015 by releasing some new singles, doing an international press conference and establishing her second record label and global management company, Shilala (HK) Limited. Her success on international stages has gained her honorific titles such as Asia's Sweetheart, Princess of Music, and National Treasure of Malaysia.Shila was the first runner-up of Bintang Kecil RTM in 2000, first runner-up of One in a Million (season 2), winner of Asia New Singer Competition in 2008, second runner-up of I Am a Singer (season 2) in 2014, and first runner-up of Anugerah Juara Lagu in 2011 and 2015. Before the Asian Wave, she performed a duet with Miley Cyrus called \"The Best of Both Worlds\" to promote Hannah Montana in Malaysia. In 2013, Shila was the first Malay and Malaysian artist to be nominated at the World Music Awards after winning Asian Wave as well being the first and only Malay artist to be invited to the Global Chinese Music Awards (GCMA).She is the first and only Malay artist to have success in Chinese-speaking countries and Chinese record charts with her Sina Weibo account having more than 2.3 million followers. She was listed in the Forbes' 30 Under 30 Asia (2018), recognizing young leaders, entrepreneurs and game changers from across Asia under Entertainment and Sports category.Shila used the stage name \"NurShahila\" name when she was a child. In 2004, she changed her name to Sha-Hila as her record company, EMI, wanted her name to be shorter. When she joined the One in a Million singing contest she needed to make her name even shorter. The organiser of One in a Million (Season 2) truncated her name to just Shila. After coming in as the first runner-up of One in A Million (season 2), she was called \"Shila OIAM\". She didn't like the name, so she added \"Amzah\" to her stage name, as her father's name is Amir Amzah. In Chinese-speaking countries, Shila's name is \u831c\u62c9 (Xila).", "Q690030": "Brodnica [br\u0254d\u02c8\u0272it\u0361sa] (listen) (German: Strasburg in Westpreu\u00dfen or Strasburg an der Drewenz) is a town in north-central Poland with 28,574 inhabitants as of 2014. Previously part of Toru\u0144 Voivodeship province, from 1975 to 1998, Brodnica is situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999. It is the seat of Brodnica County. The nearby Brodnica Landscape Park, a protected area, gets its name from Brodnica.\nBrodnica is the capital of the district whose present quarter Micha\u0142owo, a settlement mentioned as early as in 1138 and then in 1240 as castrum Micha\u0142owo, hides relics from Neolithic era. As it is confirmed in old documents Micha\u0142owo was the capital of the Masovian Castellany. The town was chosen owing to its good position on the Drw\u0119ca (on the trade route leading from Masovia to Prussia) and a customs house between Dobrzy\u0144 and Che\u0142mno Land (mentioned in 1252).", "Q118023": "Wolfgang Dandorfer (born 5 June 1949 in Vilseck) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria.\nHe has been a mayor of Amberg on many occasions since 1990. He left office in April 2014. He was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria between 1982 and 1990.", "Q2794265": "Joseph Slepian \n(February 11, 1891 \u2013 December 19, 1969)\nwas an American electrical engineer known for his contributions to the developments of electrical apparatus and theory.\nBorn in Boston, MA of Jewish Russian immigrants, he studied mathematics at Harvard University, from which he was awarded a B.Sc. (1911), a M.Sc. (1912) and Ph.D. on the thesis On the Functions of a Complex Variable Defined by an Ordinary Differential Equation of the First Order and First Degree advised by George Birkhoff (1913). Meanwhile, he also worked at Boston Elevated Railway.\nAfter his Ph.D., he became Sheldon fellow at University of G\u00f6ttingen in Germany, was at University of Sorbonne in Paris, before becoming instructor of mathematics at Cornell University (1915).\nHe joined Westinghouse Electric in East Pittsburgh (1916) in the railway motor department initially, moving to\nthe research department (1917) at Forest Hills (PA) where he became head (1922), consulting engineer (1926) and associate director\n(1938\u20131956) and developed over two hundred patents. Slepian did significant groundwork for the betatron (1927).\nHe received the IEEE Edison Medal (1947) for his work on\nthe autovalve lightning arrester, deion circuit breaker, and ignitron.\nHe wrote over 120 articles and essays, and published the book Conductivity of electricity in gases (1933).\nHis career was somewhat shortened by a stroke (1951).\nHe was the father of the mathematician David Slepian.", "Q438676": "Elizabeth Becker \"Beth\" Henley (born May 8, 1952) is an American playwright, screenwriter, and actress. Her play Crimes of the Heart won the 1981 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, the 1981 New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best American Play, and a nomination for a Tony Award. Her screenplay for Crimes of the Heart was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.", "Q428465": "Hornets\u2019 Nest is a 1970 Italian-American war film directed by Phil Karlson and starring Rock Hudson, Sylva Koscina, and Sergio Fantoni.", "Q213870": "Karl August B\u00f6ttiger (8 June 1760 \u2013 17 November 1835) was a German archaeologist and classicist, and a prominent member of the literary and artistic circles in Weimar and Jena.\n\n", "Q357798": "Milan Vidmar (22 June 1885 \u2013 9 October 1962) was a Slovene electrical engineer, chess Grandmaster, chess theorist, chess arbiter, philosopher, and writer. He was among the top dozen chess players in the world from 1910 to 1930. He was a specialist in power transformers and transmission of electric current.", "Q950157": "Publius Vedius Pollio (died 15 BC) was a Roman of equestrian rank, and a friend of the Roman emperor Augustus, who appointed him to a position of authority in the province of Asia. In later life he became known for his luxurious tastes and cruelty to his slaves \u2013 when they displeased him, he had them fed to lampreys that he maintained for that purpose, which was deemed to be an exceedingly cruel act. When Vedius tried to apply this method of execution to a slave who broke a crystal cup, Emperor Augustus (Pollio's guest at the time) was so appalled that he not only intervened to prevent the execution but had all of Pollio's valuable drinking vessels deliberately broken. This incident, and Augustus's demolition of Vedius's mansion in Rome he inherited in his will, were frequently referred to in antiquity in discussions of ethics and of the public role of Augustus.\n\n", "Q786120": "My Life as a Teenage Robot, or Teenage Robot (abbreviated as MLAATR), is an American animated superhero science fantasy television series created by Rob Renzetti for Nickelodeon. It was produced by Frederator Studios in association with Nickelodeon Animation Studio. Set in the fictional town of Tremorton, the series follows the adventures of a robot girl named XJ-9, or Jenny, as she prefers to be called, who attempts to juggle her duties of protecting Earth while trying to live a normal human life as a teenager.Renzetti pitched the series to Frederator Studios' animated shorts showcase Oh Yeah! Cartoons and a pilot titled \"My Neighbor is a Teenage Robot\", which aired on January 5, 1999. Viewer approval ratings led to the commissioning of a half-hour series, which premiered on August 1, 2003; after airing its first two seasons, the series was cancelled in terms of production because of poor ratings. The completed third season eventually aired on Nickelodeon's spinoff network Nicktoons from October 4, 2008, to May 2, 2009, officially ending the series in terms of airing. The series totaled three seasons, each consisting of 13 episodes.\nMy Life as a Teenage Robot received mostly positive reviews from critics, being nominated for numerous awards, most prominently one Primetime Emmy Award and eleven Annie Awards.\n\n", "Q87935": "Anita Gutwell (born 14 November 1931) is an Austrian film actress.\n\n", "Q4532780": "John Symington Aspin (21 March 1877, Anderston, Glasgow \u2013 19 February 1960) was a Scottish businessman and sailor who competed for the Royal Clyde Yacht Club at Hunters Quay and represented Great Britain at the 1908 Summer Olympics.He was a crew member on the Hera which finished first of two teams competing in the 12 metre class. At the time, only the helmsman and mate were awarded gold medals, while the crew received silver medals. However, Aspin is credited as having received a gold medal in the official Olympic database.", "Q970287": "Alexei David Sayle (born 7 August 1952) is an English stand-up comedian, actor, author and former recording artist, and was a central figure in the British alternative comedy movement in the 1980s. He was voted the 18th greatest stand-up comic of all time on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-ups in 2007. In an updated 2010 poll he came 72nd.Much of Sayle's humour is in the tradition of Spike Milligan and Monty Python, with riffs based on often absurd and surreal premises. His act is noted for its cynicism and political awareness, as well as physical comedy.", "Q62007": "Helmut Gr\u00f6ttrup (12 February 1916 \u2013 4 July 1981) was a German engineer, rocket scientist and inventor of the smart card. During World War II, he worked in the German V-2 rocket program under Wernher von Braun. From 1946 to 1953 he headed a group of 170 German scientists who were forced to work for the Soviet rocketry program under Sergei Korolev. After returning to West Germany in December 1953, he developed data processing systems and contributed to early commercial applications of computer science. In 1967 Gr\u00f6ttrup invented the basic principles of the smart card as a forgery-proof \"key\" for secure identification and access control.", "Q224004": "Topaz is a 1969 American espionage thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Based on the 1967 Cold War novel Topaz by Leon Uris, the film is about a French intelligence agent who becomes entangled in the Cold War politics of before the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis and then the breakup of an international Soviet spy ring in France. The story is loosely based on the 1962 Sapphire Affair, which involved the head of France's SDECE in the United States, the spy Philippe Thyraud de Vosjoli, a friend of Uris, who played an important role in \"helping the U.S. discover the presence of Russian offensive missiles in Cuba.\"The film stars \nFrederick Stafford, Dany Robin, John Vernon, Karin Dor, Claude Jade, Michel Subor, Michel Piccoli, Philippe Noiret, and John Forsythe.", "Q65768": "Claus Spahn (born 15 May 1940 in Bottrop, Germany) is a former TV programme editor of Germany's Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) broadcasting corporation, a presenter, producer and author. He was awarded the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2001.", "Q1528106": "Frank Reppy Wilcox (March 13, 1907 \u2013 March 3, 1974) was an American actor. He appeared in numerous films and television series, as well as Broadway plays.", "Q43977": "Jan Hus (; Czech: [\u02c8jan \u02c8\u0266us] (listen); c.\u20091372 \u2013 6 July 1415), sometimes anglicized as John Hus or John Huss, and referred to in historical texts as Iohannes Hus or Johannes Huss, was a Czech theologian and philosopher who became a church reformer and an inspirer of Hussitism, a key predecessor to Protestantism and a seminal figure in the Bohemian Reformation. After John Wycliffe, the theorist of ecclesiastical reform, Hus is considered the second church reformer, as he lived before Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli. His teachings had a strong influence on the states of Western Europe, most immediately in the approval of a reformed Bohemian religious denomination, and, over a century later, on Martin Luther. Hus was a master, dean, and rector at the Charles University in Prague.\nJan Hus was born in Husinec, Bohemia to poor parents. In order to escape poverty, Hus trained for the priesthood. At an early age he traveled to Prague, where he supported himself by singing and serving in churches. His conduct was positive and, reportedly, his commitment to his studies was remarkable. After earning a bachelor of arts degree and being ordained as a priest, Hus began to preach in Prague. He opposed many aspects of the Catholic Church in Bohemia, such as their views on ecclesiology, simony, the Eucharist, and other theological topics.\nWhen Alexander V was elected as a pope, he was persuaded to side with Bohemian church authorities against Hus and his disciples. He issued a Papal bull that excommunicated Hus; however, it was not enforced, and Hus continued to preach. Hus then spoke out against Alexander V successor Antipope John XXIII, for his selling of indulgences. Hus's excommunication was then reinforced, and he spent the next two years living in exile. When the Council of Constance assembled, Hus was asked to be there and present his views on the dissension within the church. When he arrived, he was immediately arrested and put in prison. He was eventually taken in front of the council and asked to recant his views. He replied, \"I would not for a chapel of gold retreat from the truth!\". When he refused, he was put back in prison. On July 6, 1415, he was burned at the stake for heresy against the doctrines of the Catholic Church. He could be heard singing Psalms as he was burning.\nAfter Hus was executed, the followers of his religious teachings (known as Hussites) refused to elect another Catholic monarch and defeated five consecutive papal crusades between 1420 and 1431 in what became known as the Hussite Wars. Both the Bohemian and the Moravian populations remained majority Hussite until the 1620s, when a Protestant defeat in the Battle of the White Mountain resulted in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown coming under Habsburg dominion for the next 300 years and being subject to immediate and forced conversion in an intense campaign of return to Catholicism.", "Q366223": "Robert K. Weiss is an American film and television producer. His productions include films by director John Landis, producer Lorne Michaels, and the \u201cZ. A. Z.\u201d team of Jim Abrahams, David Zucker, and Jerry Zucker. He also co-created the science-fiction TV series Sliders. He is a graduate of Southern Illinois University Carbondale. \nWeiss has been the President and Vice Chairman of the X Prize Foundation since 1996. \nIn the film Blues Brothers 2000, the name of Robert K. Weiss is mentioned (to the confusion of Donald \"Duck\" Dunn) in a speech by Elwood Blues as the final name in a long list of legendary blues and soul artists that Elwood names to convince his band not to quit. This is presumably a reference to how Weiss convinced Dan Aykroyd (who portrayed Elwood) and director John Landis not to quit the film.", "Q3057348": "Henry Larcom Abbot (August 13, 1831 \u2013 October 1, 1927) was a military engineer and career officer in the United States Army. He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War and was appointed brevet brigadier general of volunteers for his contributions in engineering and artillery. In 1866 he received additional brevet appointments as major general of volunteers and brigadier general in the Regular Army. He conducted several scientific studies of the Mississippi River with captain, later Major General Andrew A. Humphreys. After his retirement, Abbot served as a consultant for the locks on the Panama Canal. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1863.", "Q116768": "Kaikhosru Danjibuoy Sethna (26 November 1904 \u2013 29 June 2011) was an Indian poet, scholar, writer, philosopher, and cultural critic. He published more than 50 books. He was also known as Amal Kiran.", "Q470168": "Mercedes Abad (born 1961, in Barcelona, Spain) is a Spanish journalist and short story writer.She graduated in Journalism from the Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona after studying for her baccalaureate at the Liceu Franc\u00e8s. Following several incursions into the world of cinema and theatre, in 1986 she won La Sonrisa Vertical Prize for erotic narrative with her book of short stories Ligeros libertinajes sab\u00e1ticos. She has published other collections of short stories: Felicidades conyugales (1989), Soplando al viento (1995) and more recently Amigos y fantasmas (2004, which won the Mario Vargas Llosa Prize for the best book of short stories in 2004); the novel Sangre (2000), and the humorous essay S\u00f3lo dime d\u00f3nde lo hacemos (1991). Furthermore, she is the author of several plays and of various adaptations, including XXX, for the company La Fura dels Baus. She also works as a translator and currently collaborates with different media outlets.\n\n", "Q532429": "Julie Anne Peters (born January 16, 1952) is an American author of young adult fiction. Peters has published 20 works, mostly novels, geared toward children and adolescents, many of which feature LGBT characters. In addition to the United States, Peters's books have been published in numerous countries, including South Korea, China, Croatia, Germany, France, Italy, Indonesia, Turkey and Brazil. Her 2004 book Luna was the first young-adult novel with a transgender character to be released by a mainstream publisher.", "Q157052": "Emperor Taish\u014d (\u5927\u6b63\u5929\u7687, Taish\u014d-tenn\u014d, 31 August 1879 \u2013 25 December 1926) was the 123rd Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned as the Emperor of the Empire of Japan from 30 July 1912 until his death on 25 December 1926.\nThe Emperor's personal name was Yoshihito (\u5609\u4ec1). According to Japanese custom, during the reign the Emperor is called \"the Emperor\". After death, he is known by a posthumous name, which is the name of the era coinciding with his reign. Having ruled during the Taish\u014d period, he is known as the \"Emperor Taish\u014d\".", "Q96186": "Ellen Plessow (born as Helene Wiemuth Penning on 12 January 1891, in Oldenburg \u2013 2 September 1967, in West Berlin) was a German actress.\nPlessow attended the conservatory in Hanover and played in Berlin theatres. Starting in the 1920s she played often amusing roles in silent films.", "Q265058": "The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungarian: Magyar Tudom\u00e1nyos Akad\u00e9mia (MTA)) is the most important and prestigious learned society of Hungary. Its seat is at the bank of the Danube in Budapest, between Sz\u00e9chenyi rakpart and Akad\u00e9mia utca. Its main responsibilities are the cultivation of science, dissemination of scientific findings, supporting research and development and representing Hungarian science domestically and around the world.", "Q129598": "Daniel Coit Gilman (; July 6, 1831 \u2013 October 13, 1908) was an American educator and academic. Gilman was instrumental in founding the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale College, and subsequently served as the second president of the University of California, Berkeley, as the first president of Johns Hopkins University, and as founding president of the Carnegie Institution. He was also co-founder of the Russell Trust Association, which administers the business affairs of Yale's Skull and Bones society. Gilman served for twenty five years as president of Johns Hopkins; his inauguration in 1876 has been said to mark \"the starting point of postgraduate education in the U.S.\"", "Q128686": "Sir John Sparrow David Thompson (November 10, 1845 \u2013 December 12, 1894) was a Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician who served as the fourth prime minister of Canada, in office from 1892 until his death. He had previously been premier of Nova Scotia for a brief period in 1882.\nThompson was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He trained as a lawyer, and was called to the bar in 1865. Thompson was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in 1877 as a representative of the Conservative Party. He became the provincial attorney general the following year, in Simon Holmes' government, replaced Holmes as premier in 1882. However, he served for only two months before losing the 1882 general election to the Liberal Party. After losing the premiership, he accepted an appointment to the Nova Scotia Supreme Court.\nIn 1885, Thompson entered federal politics at the personal request of Sir John A. Macdonald, becoming Minister of Justice. In that role he was the driving force behind the enactment of the Canadian Criminal Code. Thompson became prime minister in 1892, following the retirement of John Abbott. He was the first Roman Catholic to hold the position. On a trip to England in 1894, Thompson unexpectedly suffered a heart attack and died, aged 49. He is the second and most recent Canadian prime minister to have died in office, after Sir John A. Macdonald.", "Q3836876": "Lorenzo Allievi (November 18, 1856 \u2013 October 30, 1941) was an Italian engineer known for being one of the first to explain the water hammer problem.", "Q91831": "Oskar Bie (9 February 1864 \u2013 21 April 1938) was a German art historian and author of Jewish origin.", "Q64310": "Ennetb\u00fcrgen is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland.", "Q118745": "Georgy Fyodorovich Aleksandrov (22 March 1908 (Old Style) \u2013 7 July 1961) was a Marxist philosopher and a Soviet politician.", "Q370441": "Elliott James Murphy (born March 16, 1949) is an American rock singer-songwriter, novelist, producer and journalist living in Paris.", "Q36330": "Giordano Bruno (, Italian: [d\u0292or\u02c8da\u02d0no \u02c8bru\u02d0no]; Latin: Iordanus Brunus Nolanus; born Filippo Bruno, 1548 \u2013 17 February 1600) was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, mathematician, poet, cosmological theorist, and Hermetic occultist. He is known for his cosmological theories, which conceptually extended the then-novel Copernican model. He proposed that the stars were distant suns surrounded by their own planets, and he raised the possibility that these planets might foster life of their own, a philosophical position known as cosmic pluralism. He also insisted that the universe is infinite and could have no \"centre\".\nStarting in 1593, Bruno was tried for heresy by the Roman Inquisition on charges of denial of several core Catholic doctrines, including eternal damnation, the Trinity, the divinity of Christ, the virginity of Mary, and transubstantiation. Bruno's pantheism was also a matter of grave concern, as was his teaching of the transmigration of the soul/reincarnation. The Inquisition found him guilty, and he was burned at the stake in Rome's Campo de' Fiori in 1600. After his death, he gained considerable fame, being particularly celebrated by 19th- and early 20th-century commentators who regarded him as a martyr for science, although historians agree that his heresy trial was not a response to his astronomical views but rather a response to his philosophical and religious views. Bruno's case is still considered a landmark in the history of free thought and the emerging sciences.In addition to cosmology, Bruno also wrote extensively on the art of memory, a loosely organised group of mnemonic techniques and principles. Historian Frances Yates argues that Bruno was deeply influenced by Arab astrology (particularly the philosophy of Averroes), Neoplatonism, Renaissance Hermeticism, and Genesis-like legends surrounding the Egyptian god Thoth. Other studies of Bruno have focused on his qualitative approach to mathematics and his application of the spatial concepts of geometry to language.", "Q364434": "Ivan Jandl (24 January 1937 \u2013 21 November 1987) was a Czechoslovak child actor.\nHe appeared in the 1948 film The Search as a nine-year-old Czechoslovak boy who had survived Auschwitz and was searching for his mother in post-war Germany. The movie was filmed on location in Germany and at a studio in Zurich, Switzerland, from June to November, 1947. The boy spoke no English and had to learn his lines phonetically. He was awarded an Academy Juvenile Award for his work, but was not permitted by the then communist government of Czechoslovakia to travel to the USA to accept it. At the Academy Awards ceremony in 1949, his Oscar was accepted on stage on his behalf by the director of The Search, Fred Zinnemann. He was also awarded a Golden Globe for his performance in the film and both statuettes are now preserved in the Czech National Film Archive. He appeared in some Czech films in 1949 and 1950, then left acting to continue his studies. He tried unsuccessfully to continue his acting career in his late teens, and eventually found work in radio.", "Q259979": "C\u00e9cile Aubry (3 August 1928 \u2013 19 July 2010) was a French film actress, author, television screenwriter and director.", "Q78739": "Leo Spitzer (German: [\u02c8\u0283p\u026ats\u0250]; 7 February 1887 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary \u2013 16 September 1960 in Forte dei Marmi, Italy) was an Austrian Romanist and Hispanist, and an influential and prolific literary critic. He was known for his emphasis on stylistics.\nSpitzer was a doctoral student of Wilhelm Meyer-L\u00fcbke, receiving his doctorate in 1910. He was a professor of the University of Marburg in 1925, at the University of Cologne in 1930. In 1933 he was dismissed because of his Jewish background and left Nazi Germany, moving to Istanbul. From there he went to Johns Hopkins University in 1936 (succeeding the chair in Romance philology left vacant with the death of David S. Blondheim in 1934), where he remained for the rest of his life.\nAccording to Ren\u00e9 Wellek and Austin Warren:\n\nLeo Spitzer early applied [parallelism of linguistic traits and content-elements] by investigating the recurrence of such motifs as blood and wounds in the writings of Henri Barbusse [...]. Later, Spitzer has tried to establish the connexion between recurrent stylistic traits and the psychology of the author, e.g. he connected the repetitive style of P\u00e9guy with his Bergsonism, and the style of Jules Romains with his Unanimism.", "Q85844": "Wolfgang B\u00f6tsch (8 September 1938 in Bad Kreuznach \u2013 14 October 2017 in W\u00fcrzburg) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. Between 1974 and 1976 he represented the Landtag of Bavaria. From 1976 to 2005 he was a member of the Bundestag, and between 1993 and 1997 he was the last Minister of Post and Telecommunications. B\u00f6tsch died on 14 October 2017 at the age of 79.", "Q801": "Israel (; Hebrew: \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u200e; Arabic: \u0625\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u064a\u0644\u200e), formally known as the State of Israel (Hebrew: \u05de\u05b0\u05d3\u05b4\u05d9\u05e0\u05b7\u05ea \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u200e Medinat Yisra'el), is a country in Western Asia, located on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's economic and technological center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over Jerusalem has only partial recognition.Israel has evidence of the earliest migration of hominids out of Africa. Canaanite tribes are archaeologically attested since the Middle Bronze Age, while the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah emerged during the Iron Age. The Neo-Assyrian Empire destroyed Israel around 720 BCE. Judah was later conquered by the Babylonian, Persian and Hellenistic empires and had existed as Jewish autonomous provinces. The successful Maccabean Revolt led to an independent Hasmonean kingdom by 110 BCE, which in 63 BCE however became a client state of the Roman Republic that subsequently installed the Herodian dynasty in 37 BCE, and in 6 CE created the Roman province of Judea. Judea lasted as a Roman province until the failed Jewish revolts resulted in widespread destruction, the expulsion of the Jewish population and the renaming of the region from Iudaea to Syria Palaestina. Jewish presence in the region has persisted to a certain extent over the centuries. In the 7th century CE, the Levant was taken from the Byzantine Empire by the Arabs and remained in Muslim control until the First Crusade of 1099, followed by the Ayyubid conquest of 1187. The Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt extended its control over the Levant in the 13th century until its defeat by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. During the 19th century, national awakening among Jews led to the establishment of the Zionist movement in the diaspora followed by waves of immigration to Ottoman Syria and later Mandatory Palestine.\nIn 1947, the United Nations (UN) adopted a Partition Plan for Palestine recommending the creation of independent Arab and Jewish states and an internationalized Jerusalem. The plan was accepted by the Jewish Agency, and rejected by Arab leaders. The following year, the Jewish Agency declared the independence of the State of Israel, and the subsequent 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War saw Israel's establishment over most of the former Mandate territory, while the West Bank and Gaza were held by neighboring Arab states. Israel has since fought several wars with Arab countries, and since the Six-Day War in June 1967 held occupied territories including the West Bank, Golan Heights and the Gaza Strip (still considered occupied after the 2005 disengagement, although some legal experts dispute this claim). It extended its laws to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem, but not the West Bank. Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories is the world's longest military occupation in modern times. Efforts to resolve the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict have not resulted in a final peace agreement. However, peace treaties between Israel and both Egypt and Jordan have been signed.\nIn its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state and the nation state of the Jewish people. The country has a liberal democracy (one of only two in the Middle East and North Africa region, the other being Tunisia), with a parliamentary system, proportional representation, and universal suffrage. The prime minister is head of government and the Knesset is the legislature. With a population of around 9 million as of 2019, Israel is a developed country and an OECD member. It has the world's 31st-largest economy by nominal GDP, and is the most developed country currently in conflict. It has the highest standard of living in the Middle East, and ranks among the world's top countries by percentage of citizens with military training, percentage of citizens holding a tertiary education degree, research and development spending by GDP percentage, women's safety, life expectancy, innovativeness, and happiness.", "Q1896261": "Maria Riccarda Wesseling is a Swiss-Dutch operatic mezzo-soprano who has appeared in lead roles at international opera houses and festivals. She created the title role in Henze's last opera, Phaedra, at the Staatsoper Berlin, repeated at La Monnaie in Brussels and in the Barbican Centre. \n\n", "Q2265719": "I.R.S. Records was an American record label founded by Miles Copeland III, Jay Boberg, and Carl Grasso in 1979. I.R.S. produced some of the most popular bands of the 1980s, and was particularly known for issuing records by college rock, new wave and alternative rock artists, including R.E.M., The Go-Go's, Wall of Voodoo and Fine Young Cannibals.", "Q237078": "Magdalena Ewa Tul (born 29 April 1980) is a Polish singer and composer. In 2000 she moved from Gda\u0144sk to Warsaw where she started working as a singer and actress for Studio Buffo, a musical theater. She performed there as a lead singer in Metro. Three years later, she started working with another musical theater, Roma. She performed there in the musicals Miss Saigon, Grease, Cats and Academy of Mister Kleks.", "Q710142": "Leslie Samuel Phillips (born 20 April 1924) is an English actor known for his work in the Carry On, Doctor in the House, and Harry Potter film series.", "Q435434": "Stephen Weaver Collins (born October 1, 1947) is an American actor and writer. He is known for playing Eric Camden on the long-running television series 7th Heaven from 1996 to 2007. Since then, Collins has played the roles of Dayton King on the ABC TV series No Ordinary Family and Gene Porter in the television series Revolution, father of Elizabeth Mitchell's character, Rachel Matheson. Before 7th Heaven, Collins was known for his role as Commander Willard Decker in the 1979 film Star Trek: The Motion Picture. \nIn 2014, Collins admitted to sexually abusing three underage girls between 1973 and 1994.", "Q153234": "Melanie \"Kyla\" Alvarez (born Melanie Hernandez Calumpad on January 5, 1981), better known by her stage name Kyla, is a Filipino R&B singer-songwriter, occasional actress and presenter.\nKyla began her career in 2000 under OctoArts EMI Philippines and rose to prominence with the release of her second single \"Hanggang Ngayon\" (English translation: \"Until Now\"). The song won the MTV Viewers' Choice for Southeast Asia at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards making her the first East Asian female artist to win at the MTV Video Music AwardsKnown in the Philippines as \"the Queen of R&B\", her work has earned her several achievements, including a star on the Walk of Fame in the Philippines, an MTV Video Music Award, twelve Awit Awards, four MTV Philippines Music Award, and six MYX Music Awards. She was honored by the Philippines Society of Composers, Singers, and Publishers for her contributions to music as one of the first pioneers of R&B music in the country.\nIn 2015, Kyla signed with Cornerstone Talent Management Center and transferred to ABS-CBN after over 15 years with GMA Network. Kyla signed a contract with Star Music after 16 years with PolyEast Records (EMI Philippines) on December 6, 2016Kyla is currently one of the members of the Filipino girl group DIVAS along with KZ Tandingan, Yeng Constantino and Angeline Quinto.", "Q663741": "Valerie Tian (born April 21, 1989) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her role as Su-Chin in Juno and was also in the film Charlie St. Cloud as the girl in the toy store.", "Q58576": "Xingtai (simplified Chinese: \u90a2\u53f0; traditional Chinese: \u90a2\u81fa or \u90a2\u53f0; pinyin: X\u00edngt\u00e1i; Wade\u2013Giles: Hsing2-tai2), formerly known as Xingzhou and Shunde, is a prefecture-level city in southern Hebei province, People's Republic of China. It has a total area of 12,486 square kilometres (4,821 sq mi) and administers 2 districts, 2 county-level cities and 15 counties. At the 2010 census, its population was 7,104,103 inhabitants whom 1,461,809 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 2 urban districts and Xingtai and Nanhe Counties largely being conurbated now. It borders Shijiazhuang and Hengshui in the north, Handan in the south, and the provinces of Shandong and Shanxi in the east and west respectively.", "Q83372": "The Bolsheviks, also known in English as the Bolshevists, were a radical far-left Marxist faction founded by Vladimir Lenin and Alexander Bogdanov that split from the Menshevik faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), a revolutionary socialist political party formed in 1898, at its Second Party Congress in 1903.After forming their own party in 1912, the Bolsheviks took power in Russia in November 1917, overthrowing the liberal Provisional Government of Alexander Kerensky, and became the only ruling party in the subsequent Soviet Russia and its successor regime, the Soviet Union. They considered themselves the leaders of the revolutionary working class of Russia. Their beliefs and practices were often referred to as Bolshevism.", "Q69973": "Ferdinand von Schirach (born 1964 in Munich) is a German lawyer and writer. He published his first short stories at the age of forty-five. Shortly thereafter he became one of Germany's most successful authors. His books, which have been translated into more than 35 languages, have sold millions of copies worldwide and have made him \"an internationally celebrated star of German literature.\"", "Q216129": "Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, (; 24 June 1850 \u2013 5 June 1916) was a senior British Army officer and colonial administrator who won notoriety for his imperial campaigns, most especially his scorched earth policy against the Boers and his establishment of concentration camps during the Second Boer War in which between 18,000 and 28,000 men, women and children died, mainly from disease epidemics, and later played a central role in the early part of the First World War.\nKitchener was credited in 1898 for winning the Battle of Omdurman and securing control of the Sudan for which he was made Baron Kitchener of Khartoum. As Chief of Staff (1900\u20131902) in the Second Boer War he played a key role in Lord Roberts' conquest of the Boer Republics, then succeeded Roberts as commander-in-chief \u2013 by which time Boer forces had taken to guerrilla fighting and British forces imprisoned Boer civilians in internment camps. His term as Commander-in-Chief (1902\u201309) of the Army in India saw him quarrel with another eminent proconsul, the Viceroy Lord Curzon, who eventually resigned. Kitchener then returned to Egypt as British Agent and Consul-General (de facto administrator).\nIn 1914, at the start of the First World War, Kitchener became Secretary of State for War, a Cabinet Minister. One of the few to foresee a long war, lasting for at least three years, and with the authority to act effectively on that perception, he organised the largest volunteer army that Britain had seen, and oversaw a significant expansion of materials production to fight on the Western Front. Despite having warned of the difficulty of provisioning for a long war, he was blamed for the shortage of shells in the spring of 1915 \u2013 one of the events leading to the formation of a coalition government \u2013 and stripped of his control over munitions and strategy.\nOn 5 June 1916, Kitchener was making his way to Russia on HMS Hampshire to attend negotiations with Tsar Nicholas II when the ship struck a German mine 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Orkney, Scotland, and sank. Kitchener was among 737 who died.", "Q48765": "Stanley Donen ( DON-\u0259n; April 13, 1924 \u2013 February 21, 2019) was an American film director and choreographer whose most celebrated works are On the Town (1949) and Singin' in the Rain (1952), both of which starred Gene Kelly who co-directed. His other films include Royal Wedding (1951), Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954), Funny Face (1957), Indiscreet (1958), and Charade (1963). He began his career in the chorus line on Broadway for director George Abbott, where he befriended Kelly. From 1943, he was in Hollywood and worked as a choreographer before beginning to collaborate with Kelly. After On the Town, Donen worked as a contract director for MGM under producer Arthur Freed producing critically well-received box-office hits. Donen and Kelly co-directed the musical Singin' in the Rain, released in April 1952, which has appeared on lists of the best films ever made. Donen's relationship with Kelly deteriorated during their final collaboration, It's Always Fair Weather (1955). He then broke his contract with MGM to become an independent producer in 1957. He continued making films throughout the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, often financial successes that gained positive attention. His film output became less frequent in the early 1980s and he briefly returned to the stage as a director in the 1990s and again in 2002.\nDonen is credited with having transitioned Hollywood musical films from realistic backstage dramas to a more integrated art form in which the songs were a natural continuation of the story. Before Donen and Kelly made their films, musicals \u2013 such as the extravagant and stylized work of Busby Berkeley \u2013 were often set in a Broadway stage environment where the musical numbers were part of a stage show. Donen and Kelly's films created a more cinematic form and included dances that could only be achieved in the film medium. Donen stated that what he was doing was a \"direct continuation from the Astaire \u2013 Rogers musicals ... which in turn came from Ren\u00e9 Clair and from Lubitsch ... What we did was not geared towards realism but towards the unreal.\"\nDonen is highly respected by film historians; however his career is often compared to Kelly's, and there is debate over who deserves more credit for their collaborations. Donen and Kelly's relationship was complicated, both professionally and personally, but Donen's films as a solo director are generally better regarded by critics than Kelly's. French film critic Jean-Pierre Coursodon has said that Donen's contribution to the evolution of the Hollywood musical \"outshines anybody else's, including Vincente Minnelli's\". David Quinlan called him \"the King of the Hollywood musicals\". In 1998, Film director Martin Scorsese presented Donen with the Honorary Academy Award at the 70th Academy Awards. Other honorary awards include the Career Golden Lion from the Venice Film Festival in 2004. Donen married five times and had three children. Film director and comedian Elaine May was his partner from 1999 until his death in 2019. He was the last surviving notable director of Hollywood's Golden Age.", "Q673552": "G\u00e1bor Gergely (born 21 June 1953, in Budapest) is a male former international table tennis player from Hungary.", "Q1804844": "Langley Frederick George \"Lang\" Hancock (10 June 1909 \u2013 27 March 1992) was an Australian iron ore magnate from Western Australia who maintained a high profile in the spheres of business and politics. Famous initially for discovering the world's largest iron ore deposit in 1952 and becoming one of the richest men in Australia, he is now perhaps best remembered for his marriage to the much-younger Rose Porteous, a Filipino woman and his former maid. Hancock's daughter, Gina Rinehart, was bitterly opposed to Hancock's relationship with Porteous. The conflicts between Rinehart and Porteous overshadowed his final years and continued until more than a decade after his death.\nAside from his extensively publicised personal life, Hancock's extreme right-wing views on the government of Australia, Indigenous Australians, and sociopolitical topics caused widespread controversy during his life.", "Q93161": "Edwin Earl Catmull (born March 31, 1945) is an American retired computer scientist and former president of Pixar and Walt Disney Animation Studios. He has been honored for his contributions to 3D computer graphics.", "Q85703": "Adolf Maislinger (December 9, 1903, Munich \u2013 April 26, 1985, Munich) was a member of the German Resistance and was a survivor of Dachau concentration camp.", "Q728542": "Ringgold Wilmer \"Ring\" Lardner Jr. (August 19, 1915 \u2013 October 31, 2000) was an American journalist and screenwriter blacklisted by the Hollywood film studios during the Red Scare of the late 1940s and 1950s.", "Q551993": "Stephen Holden (born July 18, 1941) is an American writer, music critic, film critic, and poet.\n\n", "Q303530": "Jan Zrzav\u00fd (5 November 1890 \u2013 12 October 1977) was a leading Czech painter, graphic artist, and illustrator of the 20th century.", "Q490665": "Arnstadt (German pronunciation: [\u02c8arn\u0283tat] (listen)) is a town in Ilm-Kreis, Thuringia, Germany, on the river Gera about 20 kilometres south of Erfurt, the capital of Thuringia. Arnstadt is one of the oldest towns in Thuringia, and has a well-preserved historic centre with a partially preserved town wall. The town is nicknamed Das Tor zum Th\u00fcringer Wald (\"The Gateway to the Thuringian Forest\") because of its location on the northern edge of that forest. Arnstadt has a population of some 27,000. The city centre is on the west side of Gera. The municipality has absorbed several neighbouring municipalities: Angelhausen\u2013Oberndorf (1922), Siegelbach (1994), Rudisleben (1999) and Wipfratal (2019). The neighbouring municipalities are Amt Wachsenburg, Alkersleben, Dornheim, B\u00f6sleben-W\u00fcllersleben, Stadtilm, Ilmenau, Plaue and Geratal.", "Q391052": "Without Men is a 2011 romantic comedy film directed by Gabriela Tagliavini and starring Eva Longoria, Christian Slater, Kate del Castillo, and Oscar Nu\u00f1ez. It is based on the novel Tales from the Town of Widows by James Ca\u00f1\u00f3n.", "Q1865276": "Literaturnaya Gazeta (Russian: \u00ab\u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0413\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0430\u00bb, Literary Newspaper) is a weekly cultural and political newspaper published in Russia and the Soviet Union. It was published for two periods in the 19th century, and was revived in 1929.", "Q189869": "Benito P\u00e9rez Gald\u00f3s (May 10, 1843 \u2013 January 4, 1920) was a Spanish realist novelist. He was the leading literary figure in 19th-century Spain, and some scholars consider him second only to Cervantes in stature as a Spanish novelist.Gald\u00f3s was a prolific writer, publishing 31 novels, 46 Episodios Nacionales (National Episodes), 23 plays, and the equivalent of 20 volumes of shorter fiction, journalism and other writings. He remains popular in Spain, and is considered as equal to Dickens, Balzac and Tolstoy. As recently as 1950, few of Gald\u00f3s's works were available translated to English, although he has slowly become popular in the Anglophone world.\nWhile his plays are generally considered to be less successful than his novels, Realidad (1892) is important in the history of realism in the Spanish theatre.\nThe Gald\u00f3s museum in Las Palmas, Gran Canaria features a portrait of the writer by Joaqu\u00edn Sorolla.", "Q935122": "Miguel Sandoval (born November 16, 1951) is an American film and television actor.\n\n", "Q877463": "Sir Hugh Carleton Greene (15 November 1910 \u2013 19 February 1987) was a British television executive and journalist. He was director-general of the BBC from 1960 to 1969.\nAfter working for newspapers in the 1930s, Greene spent most of his later career with the BBC, rising through the managerial ranks of overseas broadcasting and then news for the main domestic channels. He encountered opposition from some politicians and activists opposed to his modernising agenda, but under his leadership the BBC was recognised to be outperforming its commercial rival, ITV, and was awarded a second television channel (BBC 2) by the British government and authorised to introduce colour television to Britain.\nAfter retiring from the BBC, Greene published several books, including a collaboration with his brother, the novelist Graham Greene, and made television programmes both for the BBC and its commercial rival.", "Q251262": "James Lee Massey (February 11, 1934 \u2013 June 16, 2013) was an information theorist and\ncryptographer, Professor Emeritus of Digital Technology at ETH Zurich. His notable work includes the application of the Berlekamp\u2013Massey algorithm to linear codes, the design of the block ciphers IDEA (with Xuejia Lai) and SAFER, and the Massey-Omura cryptosystem (with Jim K. Omura).", "Q8862012": "J\u00f3zefa Joteyko (29 January 1866 \u2013 24 April 1928) was a Polish physiologist, psychologist, pedagogue, and researcher. After completing her undergraduate studies at the University of Geneva, she entered medical school at the Free University of Brussels and completed her Doctor of Medicine in 1896 at the University of Paris. She opened a medical practice in France but decided two years later that she preferred research and moved back to Brussels. Operating as an assistant at the Solvay Institute of Physiology, she lectured and conducted research into muscle and nervous system fatigue.\nConvinced that science could solve societal challenges, Joteyko expanded her research in order to study how science could improve the lives of workers while leading to improvements in industrial efficiency and productivity. This led her to conduct investigations on children, examining how educational facilities could optimize the potential of their students by drawing on scientific methodology. She served as president of the Belgian Neurological Society beginning in 1904 and received numerous awards for her research, including the Desmath Prize of the Imperial and Royal Academy of Brussels, the Dieudonn\u00e9e Prize of the Belgian Royal Academy of Medicine. In addition, she was frequently recognized with prizes by the French Academy of Sciences. In 1916, Joteyko was appointed as the guest chair of the Coll\u00e8ge de France, becoming the first woman to lecture at the institution.\nReturning to Poland after the establishment of the Second Republic in 1919, Joteyko had difficulty finding full-time employment. She lectured at the National Pedagogical Institute and the National Institute of the Deaf in Warsaw and was later appointed director of the Pedagogical Institute until it was dissolved in 1926. She continued working, lecturing at the State Institute of Special Education and the Free Polish University, as well as serving on the committees of various governmental ministries as an advisor on employment and education. In 1926, she completed her post-doctoral degree at the medical faculty of the University of Warsaw, but illness curtailed her further involvement in research. She is considered to be one of the people who developed the schooling system in Poland.\n\n", "Q13007": "Lidia Zamenhof (Esperanto: Lidja; 29 January 1904\u20131942) was a Polish writer, publisher, translator and the youngest daughter of Klara (Silbernik) and L. L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto She was an active promoter of Esperanto as well as of Homaranismo, a form of religious humanism first defined by her father.\nAround 1925 she became a member of the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed Faith. In late 1937 she went to the United States to teach that religion as well as Esperanto. In December 1938 she returned to Poland, where she continued to teach and translated many Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed writings. \u05bfShe was murdered at the Treblinka extermination camp during the Holocaust.\n\n", "Q131248": "Lee Kuan Yew (born Harry Lee Kuan Yew; 16 September 1923 \u2013 23 March 2015), often referred to by his initials LKY, was a Singaporean politician and lawyer who served as the first Prime Minister of Singapore from 1959 to 1990. As one of the founding members of the People's Action Party, Lee is recognised as the nation's founding father, credited with rapidly transitioning the country from a \"developing third world country into a developed first world country within a single generation\" under his leadership.After attending the London School of Economics, Lee graduated from Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, with double starred-first-class honours in law. He became a barrister of the Middle Temple in 1950 and practised law until 1959. Lee co-founded the People's Action Party (PAP) in 1954 and was its first secretary-general until 1992, leading the party to eight consecutive victories. After Lee chose to step down as Prime Minister in 1990, he served as Senior Minister under his successor Goh Chok Tong until 2004, then as Minister Mentor (an advisory post) until 2011, under his own son Lee Hsien Loong. In total, Lee held successive ministerial positions for 56 years. He continued to serve his Tanjong Pagar constituency for nearly 60 years as a member of parliament until his death in 2015. From 1991, he helmed the five-member Tanjong Pagar Group Representation Constituency and remained unopposed for a record five elections.\nLee campaigned for Britain to relinquish its colonial rule, and eventually attained through a national referendum a merger with other former British territories to form Malaysia in 1963. However, racial strife and ideological differences led to its separation to become a sovereign city-state two years later. With overwhelming parliamentary control at every election, Lee oversaw Singapore's transformation from a British crown colony with a natural deep harbour to a developed country with a high-income economy. In the process, he forged a system of meritocratic, highly effective and non-corrupt government and civil service. Many of his policies are now taught at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. Lee eschewed populist policies in favour of long-term social and economic planning. He championed meritocracy and multiracialism as governing principles, making English the common language to integrate its immigrant society and to facilitate trade with the West, whilst mandating bilingualism in schools to preserve students' mother tongue and ethnic identity.\nLee's rule was criticised for curtailing civil liberties (media control and limits on public protests) and bringing libel suits against political opponents. He argued that such disciplinary measures were necessary for political stability which, together with the rule of law, were essential for economic progress, once saying: \"Anybody who decides to take me on needs to put on knuckle-dusters. If you think you can hurt me more than I can hurt you, try. There is no other way you can govern a Chinese society\". He died of pneumonia on 23 March 2015, aged 91. In a week of national mourning, 1.7 million residents and guests paid tribute to him at his lying-in-state at Parliament House and at community tribute sites around the island.", "Q89139": "August Edler von Meyszner (3 August 1886 \u2013 24 January 1947) was an Austrian Gendarmerie officer, right-wing politician, and senior Ordnungspolizei (order police) officer who held the post of Higher SS and Police Leader in the German-occupied territory of Serbia from January 1942 to March 1944, during World War II. He has been described as one of Reichsf\u00fchrer-SS Heinrich Himmler's most brutal subordinates.\nMeyszner began his career as an officer in the Gendarmerie, served on the Italian Front during World War I and reached the rank of Major der Polizei by 1921. He joined the Austrian Nazi Party in September 1925 and became a right-wing parliamentary deputy and provincial minister in the Austrian province of Styria in 1930. Due to his involvement with the Nazis, Meyszner was forcibly retired in 1933 and arrested in February 1934, but released after three months at the W\u00f6llersdorf concentration camp. That July, he was rearrested following an attempted coup, but escaped police custody and fled to Nazi Germany, where he joined the Ordnungspolizei (Orpo) and then the Allgemeine SS. After police postings in Austria, Germany and occupied Norway, Himmler appointed Meyszner as Higher SS and Police Leader in Serbia in early 1942. He was one of few Orpo officers to be appointed to such a role.\nMeyszner's time in Belgrade was characterised by friction and competition with German military, economic and foreign affairs officials, and by his visceral hatred and distrust of Serbs. During his tenure, he oversaw regular reprisal killings and sent tens of thousands of forced labourers to the Reich and occupied Norway. His Gestapo detachment used a gas van to kill 8,000 Jewish women and children who had been detained at the Sajmi\u0161te concentration camp. In April 1944, his outspoken complaints about a reduction in reprisals against civilians allowed his enemies within the German occupation regime in Serbia to have him removed. Himmler transferred him to Berlin with the task of establishing a Europe-wide Gendarmerie. After the war, he fell into the hands of the Allies and was interrogated by the United States Chief Counsel for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality. Extradited to Yugoslavia, he was tried for war crimes, along with many of his staff from his time in Serbia. He was found guilty by a Yugoslav military court and executed by hanging in January 1947.", "Q213051": "Nonfiction or non-fiction is any document, or content that purports in good faith to represent truth and accuracy regarding information, events, or people. Nonfiction content may be presented either objectively or subjectively, and may sometimes take the form of a story. Nonfiction is one of the fundamental divisions of narrative (specifically, prose) writing\u2014 in contrast to fiction, which offers information, events, or characters expected to be partly or largely imaginary, or else leaves open if and how the work refers to reality.Nonfiction's specific factual assertions and descriptions may or may not be accurate, and can give either a true or a false account of the subject in question. However, authors of such accounts genuinely believe or claim them to be truthful at the time of their composition or, at least, pose them to a convinced audience as historically or empirically factual. Reporting the beliefs of others in a nonfiction format is not necessarily an endorsement of the veracity of those beliefs, but rather an exercise in representing the topic (for example, mythology). Most literary criticism is a form of nonfiction, providing information and analysis about works of fiction. Nonfiction need not necessarily be written text, since pictures and film can also purport to present a factual account of a subject.", "Q170572": "Alexander Rae Baldwin III (born April 3, 1958) is an American actor, writer, producer, comedian, and political activist. A member of the Baldwin family, he is the eldest of the four Baldwin brothers, all actors. Baldwin first gained recognition appearing on seasons 6 and 7 of the CBS television drama Knots Landing, in the role of Joshua Rush. \nIn his early career he then played both leading and supporting roles in a variety of films such as Tim Burton's Beetlejuice (1988), Mike Nichols' Working Girl (1988), Jonathan Demme's Married to the Mob (1988), and Oliver Stone's Talk Radio (1988). He gained attention for his iconic performances in Glengarry Glen Ross, and as Jack Ryan in The Hunt for Red October (1990). Since then he has worked with such notable directors as Woody Allen in Alice (1990), To Rome with Love (2012), Blue Jasmine (2013), and Spike Lee in BlacKkKlansman (2018), and Martin Scorsese in The Aviator (2004) and The Departed (2006). His performance in the 2003 drama The Cooler garnered him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He has done voice work for The SpongeBob Squarepants Movie (2004), Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (2008), Rise of the Guardians (2012), and The Boss Baby (2017).\nFrom 2006 to 2013, Baldwin gained critical acclaim starring alongside Tina Fey as Jack Donaghy on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock, winning two Primetime Emmy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and seven Screen Actors Guild Awards for his work on the series, making him the male performer with the most SAG Awards history. On stage, he portrayed Stanley Kowalski in the 1992 Broadway production of A Streetcar Named Desire and the title character in a 1998 Off-Broadway production of Macbeth, the former earning him a Tony Award nomination. Baldwin co-starred in Mission: Impossible \u2013 Rogue Nation and Mission: Impossible \u2013 Fallout, the fifth and sixth installments of the Mission: Impossible series, released in 2015 and 2018, respectively. He is also a columnist for The Huffington Post. Since 2016, he has been the host of Match Game. \nHe has received worldwide attention and acclaim for his portrayal of Donald Trump on the long-running sketch series Saturday Night Live, both during the latter part of the 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign and following the inauguration, a role that won him his third Primetime Emmy in 2017. He was nominated again in 2018.", "Q235928": "Eva Gabor ( AY-v\u0259 g\u0259-BOR, -\u2060 GAH-bor; February 11, 1919 \u2013 July 4, 1995) was a Hungarian-American actress, businesswoman, singer, and socialite. She was widely known for her role on the 1965\u201371 television sitcom Green Acres as Lisa Douglas, the wife of Eddie Albert's character, Oliver Wendell Douglas. She voiced Duchess in the Disney film The Aristocats, and Miss Bianca in Disney's The Rescuers and The Rescuers Down Under. Gabor was successful as an actress in film, on Broadway and on television. She was also a successful businesswoman, marketing wigs, clothing and beauty products. Her elder sisters, Zsa Zsa and Magda Gabor, were also actresses and socialites.", "Q90468": "Till Fellner (born 9 March 1972) is an Austrian pianist.", "Q1665121": "The Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP) (Institut polytechnique de Grenoble, Groupe Grenoble INP and before INPG) is a French technological university system consisting of six engineering schools.\nGrenoble INP also has a two-year preparatory class programme, an adult education department, as well as 21 laboratories and a graduate school in Engineering Sciences. More than 1,100 engineers graduate every year from Grenoble INP, making it France's biggest grande \u00e9cole.\nMost of Grenoble INP is located in Grenoble, except for the ESISAR which is located in Valence.", "Q640198": "Charles-Joseph Mathon de la Cour (6 October 1738, Lyon \u2013 15 November 1793, Lyon) was a French art critic, mathematician, financier, and essayist. He was the son of the mathematician Jacques Mathon de la Cour (1712\u20131777).\nHe wrote distinguished works such as L'\u00c9tat des finances de la France (\"The state of French finances\", 1758), the Lettres sur les peintures, sculptures et gravures expos\u00e9es au salon du Louvre (\"Letters discussing the paintings, sculptures and engravings exhibited at the Louvre\", Paris, 1763\u20131767, 3 vol. duodecimo), L'Op\u00e9ra d'Orph\u00e9e et d'Eurydice (\"The opera Orph\u00e9e et Eurydice\", 1765) as well as Dissertations and Discours such as Discours sur les meilleurs moyens de faire na\u00eetre et d'encourager la patriotisme dans une monarchie (\"Essay on the best methods of kindling and fostering patriotism in a monarchy\", Paris: Cuchet et Gatty, 1788, octavo), etc. He took an interest in charitable works and created the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Philanthropique de Lyon.\nIn the 1760s he considered starting a music journal called Le Rossignol, but instead helped Sautreau de Marsy with his Almanach des Muses (\"Almanac of the Muses\"), and in 1773 briefly edited Nicolas Framery's Journal de musique. He founded the Journal de Lyon in 1784 (12 vol. octavo).\nMathon de la Cour's generosity and distinction could not protect him during the Revolution; after the siege of Lyon he was guillotined.", "Q468860": "Barbara Gittings (July 31, 1932 \u2013 February 18, 2007) was a prominent American activist for LGBT equality. She organized the New York chapter of the Daughters of Bilitis (DOB) from 1958 to 1963, edited the national DOB magazine The Ladder from 1963\u201366, and worked closely with Frank Kameny in the 1960s on the first picket lines that brought attention to the ban on employment of gay people by the largest employer in the US at that time: the United States government. Her early experiences with trying to learn more about lesbianism fueled her lifetime work with libraries. In the 1970s, Gittings was most involved in the American Library Association, especially its gay caucus, the first such in a professional organization, in order to promote positive literature about homosexuality in libraries. She was a part of the movement to get the American Psychiatric Association to drop homosexuality as a mental illness in 1972. Her self-described life mission was to tear away the \"shroud of invisibility\" related to homosexuality, which had theretofore been associated with crime and mental illness.She was awarded a lifetime membership in the American Library Association, and the ALA named an annual award for the best gay or lesbian novel the Barbara Gittings Award. The Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) also named an activist award for her. At her memorial service, Matt Foreman, the executive director of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force said, \"What do we owe Barbara? Everything.\"", "Q287142": "Goodie Mob is a hip hop group based in Atlanta, Georgia. It was formed in 1991 and currently consists of members Big Gipp, Khujo, Cee-Lo, and T-Mo. They are best known for their debut single \"Cell Therapy\".", "Q357607": "Christopher Catesby Harington (born 26 December 1986), known professionally as Kit Harington, is an English actor and producer. Born in Acton, Greater London. Harington studied at the Royal Central School of Speech & Drama. While still at drama school, he made his professional acting debut with the lead role of Albert Narracott in the critically acclaimed West End play War Horse at the National Theatre.\nIn 2011, Harington rose to prominence for his breakthrough role as Jon Snow in the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones (2011\u20132019), which brought him international recognition and several accolades, including a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Drama and two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2016 and Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2019.\nHarington developed, produced and starred in the BBC drama series Gunpowder (2017). His film roles include the historical romance film Pompeii (2014) and the British period drama Testament of Youth (2014). He also provided the voice of Eret in the How to Train Your Dragon franchise and will play Dane Whitman in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film The Eternals.", "Q2546210": "Gilberto Kassab (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0292iw\u02c8b\u025b\u027et\u028a ka\u02c8sab(\u026a)] or [\u0292iw\u02c8b\u025b\u0281tu ka\u02c8sab(i)]; born 12 August 1960 in S\u00e3o Paulo) is a Brazilian politician, former mayor of S\u00e3o Paulo. His term ended in 2013. A civil engineer and economist, one of the most famous Brazilians of Syrian descent, Kassab took over from Jos\u00e9 Serra, after Serra decided to run for governor of S\u00e3o Paulo.He belongs to the Syrian community of S\u00e3o Paulo, and is a member of the Partido Social Democr\u00e1tico (PSD). He is mentioned in 2017 among the beneficiaries of bribes from the multinational JBS.", "Q44639": "Sean Randall Parnell (born November 19, 1962) is an American attorney and politician. He succeeded Sarah Palin in July 2009 to become the tenth governor of Alaska and served until 2014. Parnell was elected governor in his own right in 2010 with 59.06% of the vote, as the largest percentage margin of any Alaska governor since statehood. In 2014, he narrowly lost his bid for re-election and has since returned to work in the private sector. He is a member of the Republican Party.\nBorn in Hanford, California, Parnell is a graduate from the University of Puget Sound's School of Law (now known as Seattle University School of Law). He practiced law before being elected to the Alaska House of Representatives in 1992 and he continued to work in private legal practice while he was a member of the Alaska House and later, the Alaska Senate. He served two terms in the Alaska House from 1993 to 1997 before he was elected to one term in the Alaska Senate from 1997 to 2001. Parnell continued his legal career in the private sector, working as an attorney and as the state government relations director for Phillips Petroleum (Alaska), now known as ConocoPhillips Alaska, and an attorney at the law firm Patton Boggs.\nReturning to public service, Parnell won the Republican primary race for lieutenant governor in 2006 and became Palin's running mate in her 2006 gubernatorial campaign, where the Palin and Parnell ticket defeated former Democratic Governor Tony Knowles. Parnell was sworn in as lieutenant governor of Alaska in December 2006 and later assumed the governorship after Palin resigned in July 2009. Parnell was elected to a full term as governor in 2010, defeating former State Representative Ethan Berkowitz in the general election. Parnell is the first unelected Alaska governor to be elected in his own right. He was narrowly defeated for a second term in 2014 by the \"unity ticket\" of Republican-turned-Independent Bill Walker and Democrat Byron Mallott.", "Q73095": "Franz Karmasin (2 September 1901 \u2013 25 June 1970) was an ethnic German politician in Czechoslovakia, who helped found the Carpathian German Party. During World War II he was state secretary of German affairs in the Slovak Republic, and rose to the rank of SS-Sturmbannf\u00fchrer. Tried in absentia and sentenced to death, he fled to West Germany where until his death he was active in the Witikobund, a right-wing extremist organization that claimed to represent Sudeten Germans.", "Q1530": "Baghdad (; Arabic: \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u200e [ba\u0263\u02c8da\u02d0d] (listen)) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. Located along the Tigris River, the city was founded in the 8th century and became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. Within a short time of its inception, Baghdad evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center of the Muslim world. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as hosting a multiethnic and multireligious environment, garnered the city a worldwide reputation as the \"Centre of Learning\".\nBaghdad was the largest city in the world for much of the Abbasid era during the Islamic Golden Age, peaking at a population of more than a million. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centuries due to frequent plagues and multiple successive empires. With the recognition of Iraq as an independent state (formerly the British Mandate of Mesopotamia) in 1932, Baghdad gradually regained some of its former prominence as a significant center of Arabic culture, with a population variously estimated at 6 or over 7 million.In contemporary times, the city has often faced severe infrastructural damage, most recently due to the United States-led 2003 invasion of Iraq, and the subsequent Iraq War that lasted until December 2011. In recent years, the city has been frequently subjected to insurgency attacks. The war had resulted in a substantial loss of cultural heritage and historical artifacts as well. As of 2018, Baghdad was listed as one of the least hospitable places in the world to live, ranked by Mercer as the worst major city for quality of life in the world.", "Q45527": "Bruno Jonas (born in Passau, Germany, on 3 December 1952) is a German Kabarett artist and actor.", "Q296729": "Anthony Dominick Benedetto (born August 3, 1926), known professionally as Tony Bennett, is an American singer of traditional pop standards, big band, show tunes, and jazz. He is also a painter, having created works under the name Anthony Benedetto that are on permanent public display in several institutions. He is the founder of the Frank Sinatra School of the Arts in Astoria, Queens, New York.Born and raised in Astoria to an Italian-American family, Bennett began singing at an early age. He fought in the final stages of World War II as a U.S. Army infantryman in the European Theater. Afterward, he developed his singing technique, signed with Columbia Records and had his first number-one popular song with \"Because of You\" in 1951. Several top hits such as \"Rags to Riches\" followed in early 1953. He then refined his approach to encompass jazz singing. He reached an artistic peak in the late 1950s with albums such as The Beat of My Heart and Basie Swings, Bennett Sings. In 1962, Bennett recorded his signature song, \"I Left My Heart in San Francisco\". His career and personal life experienced an extended downturn during the height of the rock music era.\nBennett staged a comeback in the late 1980s and 1990s, putting out gold record albums again and expanding his reach to the MTV generation while keeping his musical style intact. He remains a popular and critically praised recording artist and concert performer to date. He has won 19 Grammy Awards (including a Lifetime Achievement Award, presented in 2001) and two Emmy Awards, and was named an NEA Jazz Master and a Kennedy Center Honoree. Bennett has sold over 50 million records worldwide.", "Q167768": "William Makepeace Thackeray (; 18 July 1811 \u2013 24 December 1863) was a British novelist, author and illustrator born in India. He is known for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair, a panoramic portrait of British society, and The Luck of Barry Lyndon, which was adapted for film by Stanley Kubrick.", "Q213737": "Friedrich Leopold Graf zu Stolberg-Stolberg (7 November 1750 \u2013 5 December 1819), was a German poet, lawyer, and translator born at Bramstedt in Holstein (then a part of Denmark).", "Q129361": "The Town of Oyster Bay is the easternmost of the three towns which make up Nassau County, New York, in the United States. Part of the New York metropolitan area, it is the only town in Nassau County to extend from the North Shore to the South Shore of Long Island. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 293,214.\nThere are 18 villages and 18 hamlets within the town of Oyster Bay. The U.S. Postal Service has organized these 36 places into 30 five-digit ZIP Codes served by 20 post offices. Each post office shares the name of one of the hamlets or villages, but their boundaries are usually not coterminous.\nOyster Bay is also the name of a hamlet on the north shore, within the town of Oyster Bay. Near this hamlet, in the village of Cove Neck, is Sagamore Hill, the former residence and summer White House of Theodore Roosevelt and now a museum. At least six of the 36 villages and hamlets of the town have shores on Oyster Bay Harbor, an inlet of Long Island Sound, and many of these at one time or another have also been referred to as being part of the hamlet of Oyster Bay.", "Q214058": "Sigurd Manfred Rasch\u00e8r (pronounced 'Rah-sher') (15 May 1907 \u2013 25 February 2001) was an American saxophonist born in Germany. He became an important figure in the development of the 20th century repertoire for the classical saxophone.", "Q234388": "Maureen Reillette \"Rebbie\" Jackson-Brown (; born May 29, 1950) is an American singer. Born and raised in Gary, Indiana, she is the eldest child of the Jackson family of musicians. She first performed on stage with her siblings during shows in Las Vegas, Nevada, at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino in 1974, before subsequently appearing in the television series The Jacksons. Her sister La Toya was born on her sixth birthday. At age 34, Jackson released her debut album Centipede (1984). The album featured songs written by Smokey Robinson, Prince, and Jackson's younger brother Michael, whose contribution (the title track \"Centipede\") became Rebbie's most successful single release. By the end of the 1980s, the singer had released two more albums in quick succession: Reaction (1986) and R U Tuff Enuff (1988).\nFollowing a 10-year hiatus in her musical career, Jackson returned with the 1998 album Yours Faithfully. The production of the album, her last to date, was a collaboration with artists and producers such as Men of Vizion's Spanky Williams, Keith Thomas, and Eliot Kennedy. It also featured contributions from her children. In 2011, Rebbie embarked on the Pick Up the Phone Tour, which is dedicated to teens from all over the U.S. who have committed suicide.", "Q812589": "Bayonne ( bay-OWN) is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Located in the Gateway Region, Bayonne is situated on a peninsula located between Newark Bay to the west, the Kill Van Kull to the south, and New York Bay to the east. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 63,024, reflecting an increase of 1,182 (+1.9%) from the 61,842 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 398 (+0.6%) from the 61,444 counted in the 1990 Census.Bayonne was originally formed as a township on April 1, 1861, from portions of Bergen Township. Bayonne was reincorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 10, 1869, replacing Bayonne Township, subject to the results of a referendum held nine days later. At the time it was formed, Bayonne included the communities of Bergen Point, Constable Hook, Centreville, Pamrapo and Saltersville.While somewhat diminished, traditional manufacturing, distribution, and maritime activities remain a driving force of the economy of the city. A portion of the Port of New York and New Jersey is located there, as is the Cape Liberty Cruise Port.", "Q948687": "Christopher John Matthews (born December 17, 1945) is a former American political commentator, retired talk show host, and author. Matthews hosted his weeknight hour-long talk show, Hardball with Chris Matthews, on America's Talking and later on MSNBC, from 1997 until March 2, 2020, when he announced (on what was his final show) that he was retiring due to an accusation that he had made inappropriate comments to a \u201cHardball\u201d guest four years earlier. On his final show he stated, \"The younger generation's out there ready to take the reins. We see them in politics, in media, in fighting for their causes. They're improving the workplace.\"", "Q180695": "Soapdish is a 1991 American comedy film directed by Michael Hoffman, from a screenplay by Robert Harling and Andrew Bergman. The film was produced by Aaron Spelling and Alan Greisman, and executive produced by Herbert Ross.\nThe film tells a backstage story of the cast and crew of a popular fictional television soap opera. It stars Sally Field as a mature soap star, joined by Kevin Kline, Robert Downey Jr., Elisabeth Shue, Whoopi Goldberg, Teri Hatcher, Cathy Moriarty, Garry Marshall, Kathy Najimy, and Carrie Fisher, as well as cameo appearances by TV personalities like Leeza Gibbons, John Tesh (both playing themselves as Entertainment Tonight hosts/reporters), real-life soap opera actors Stephen Nichols and Finola Hughes. \nThe film received generally positive reviews. Kline was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.", "Q4912634": "Billy Gray (born William Victor Giventer, March 17, 1904, New York City, New York \u2013 January 4, 1978, Los Angeles, California) was an American comedian, comedy club owner and an actor.", "Q41741": "Thrace (; Greek: \u0398\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7, Thr\u00e1ki; Bulgarian: \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0438\u044f, Trakiya; Turkish: Trakya) is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe, now split among Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. It comprises southeastern Bulgaria (Northern Thrace), northeastern Greece (Western Thrace), and the European part of Turkey (East Thrace).", "Q51552": "Roman Pola\u0144ski ( p\u0259-LAN-skee, Polish: [\u02c8r\u0254man p\u0254\u02c8laj\u0303sk\u02b2i] (listen); born 18 August 1933 in Paris; original name Raymond Thierry Liebling) is a Polish-French film director, producer, writer, and actor. Since 1978, Polanski has been a fugitive from the U.S. criminal justice system; he fled the country while awaiting sentencing in his sexual abuse case, in which he pleaded guilty to statutory rape. He remains the subject of an Interpol red notice issued for his arrest, and therefore rarely leaves France.His Polish-Jewish parents moved the family back from Paris to Krak\u00f3w in 1937. Two years later, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany starting World War II and the Polanskis found themselves trapped in the Krak\u00f3w Ghetto. After his mother and father were taken in raids, Polanski spent his formative years in foster homes under an adopted identity, trying to survive the Holocaust.\nPolanski's first feature-length film, Knife in the Water (1962), was made in Poland and was nominated for a United States Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. He has since received five more Oscar nominations, along with two BAFTAs, four C\u00e9sars, a Golden Globe Award and the Palme d'Or of the Cannes Film Festival in France. In the United Kingdom he directed three films, beginning with Repulsion (1965). In 1968, he moved to the United States and cemented his status by directing the horror film Rosemary's Baby (1968).\nA turning point in his life took place in 1969, when his pregnant wife, Sharon Tate, and four friends were brutally murdered by members of the Manson Family. Following her death, Polanski returned to Europe and eventually continued directing. He made Macbeth (1971) in England and back in Hollywood, Chinatown (1974), which was nominated for eleven Academy Awards. In 1977, Polanski was arrested and charged with drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl. He subsequently pled guilty to the lesser offence of unlawful sex with a minor. After spending 42 days undergoing psychiatric evaluation in prison in preparation for sentencing, Polanski, who had expected to be put on probation, fled to Paris after learning that the judge planned to reject his plea deal and impose a prison term.In Europe, Polanski continued to make films, including Tess (1979), starring Nastassja Kinski. It won France's C\u00e9sar Awards for Best Picture and Best Director, and received three Oscars. He later produced and directed The Pianist (2002), a drama about a Polish-Jewish musician escaping Nazi persecution, starring Adrien Brody and Emilia Fox. The film won three Academy Awards including Best Director, along with numerous international awards. He also directed Oliver Twist (2005), a story which parallels his own life as a \"young boy attempting to triumph over adversity\". He was awarded Best Director for The Ghost Writer (2010) at the 23rd European Film Awards. He also received Best Screenwriter nomination at the aforementioned awards for Carnage (2011). In 2018, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences voted to expel Polanski from its membership.", "Q208471": "Kaifeng (Chinese: \u5f00\u5c01) is a prefecture-level city in east-central Henan province, China. It is one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of China, having been the capital seven times in history, and is best known for being the Chinese capital in the Northern Song dynasty.\nAround 5 million people currently live in Kaifeng's metropolitan area. Located along the Yellow River's southern bank, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the west, Xinxiang to the northwest, Shangqiu to the east, Zhoukou to the southeast, Xuchang to the southwest, and Heze of Shandong to the northeast.", "Q2637337": "The Spain Olympic football team (also known as Spain Under-23, or Spain U-23) represents Spain in international football competitions in the Olympic Games. The selection is limited to players under the age of 23, except for the Olympics which allows the men's team up to three overage players. The team is controlled by the Royal Spanish Football Federation. Having qualified for five Olympic competitions since 1992, Spain has won one gold medal (1992) and one silver medal (2000). It is the second most successful Olympic team after Argentina.", "Q92519": "Edmund Hoefer (15 October 1819, in Greifswald \u2013 22 May 1882, in Cannstatt) was a leading German novelist of the second half of the 19th century and a noted literary historian.", "Q60957": "Eberhard Diepgen (born 13 November 1941) is a German politician of the CDU.", "Q2039": "Titus Livius ( LIV-ee-\u0259s, Classical Latin: [\u02c8t\u026at\u028as \u02c8li\u02d0w\u026a.\u028as]; 64 BC\u2013AD 12 or 59 BC\u2013AD 17) \u2013 simply rendered as Livy ( LIV-ee) in English \u2013 was a Roman historian. He wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people, titled Ab Urbe Condita, ''From the Founding of the City'', covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome before the traditional foundation in 753 BC through the reign of Augustus in Livy's own lifetime. He was on familiar terms with members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty and even in friendship with Augustus, whose young grandnephew, the future emperor Claudius, he exhorted to take up the writing of history.", "Q697818": "Avigdor Dagan (born Viktor Fischl, 30 June 1912 in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Austria-Hungary \u2013 28 May 2006, Israel) was an Czech and later Israeli writer, playwright, literary translator and diplomat. Prior to adopting the Hebraic name in 1955, his name was Viktor Fischl, Dagan, being related to the Hebrew word dag (fish), an approximate translation of Fischl as a diminutive of \"fish\".", "Q486761": "Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 6th century AD centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known as the Greco-Roman world. It is the period in which Greek and Roman society flourished and wielded great influence throughout much of Europe, North Africa and Western Asia.\nConventionally, it is taken to begin with the earliest-recorded Epic Greek poetry of Homer (8th\u20137th-century BC), and continues through the emergence of Christianity and the fall of the Western Roman Empire (5th-century AD). It ends with the dissolution of classical culture at the close of Late Antiquity (300\u2013600), blending into the Early Middle Ages (600\u20131000). Such a wide sampling of history and territory covers many disparate cultures and periods. Classical antiquity may also refer to an idealized vision among later people of what was, in Edgar Allan Poe's words, \"the glory that was Greece, and the grandeur that was Rome\".The culture of the ancient Greeks, together with some influences from the ancient Near East, was the basis of art, philosophy, society, and education, until the Roman imperial period. The Romans preserved, imitated, and spread this culture over Europe, until they themselves were able to compete with it, and the classical world began to speak Latin as well as Greek.\nThis Greco-Roman cultural foundation has been immensely influential on the language, politics, law, educational systems, philosophy, science, warfare, poetry, historiography, ethics, rhetoric, art and architecture of the modern world. Surviving fragments of classical culture led to a revival beginning in the 14th century which later came to be known as the Renaissance, and various neo-classical revivals occurred in the 18th and 19th centuries.", "Q134456": "Kimitake Hiraoka (\u5e73\u5ca1 \u516c\u5a01, Hiraoka Kimitake, January 14, 1925 \u2013 November 25, 1970), known also under the pen name Yukio Mishima (\u4e09\u5cf6 \u7531\u7d00\u592b, Mishima Yukio), was a Japanese author, poet, playwright, actor, model, film director, nationalist, and founder of the Tatenokai. Mishima is considered one of the most important Japanese authors of the 20th century. He was considered for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1968, but the award went to his countryman Yasunari Kawabata. His works include the novels Confessions of a Mask and The Temple of the Golden Pavilion, and the autobiographical essay Sun and Steel. Mishima's work is characterized by its luxurious vocabulary and decadent metaphors, its fusion of traditional Japanese and modern Western literary styles, and its obsessive assertions of the unity of beauty, eroticism and death.Mishima's personal life was controversial, which makes him still a contested figure today. Ideologically a right wing nationalist, Mishima formed the Tatenokai, an unarmed civilian militia, for the avowed purpose of restoring power to the Japanese Emperor. On November 25, 1970, Mishima and four members of his militia entered a military base in central Tokyo, took the commandant hostage, and attempted to inspire the Japan Self-Defense Forces to overturn Japan's 1947 Constitution. When this was unsuccessful, Mishima committed seppuku.", "Q258246": "Lois Arlene Smith (n\u00e9e Humbert; born November 3, 1930) is an American character actress, whose career spans seven decades. She made her film debut in the 1955 drama film East of Eden, and later played supporting roles in a number of movies, including Five Easy Pieces (1970), Resurrection (1980), Fatal Attraction (1987), Fried Green Tomatoes (1991), How to Make an American Quilt (1995), Dead Man Walking, Twister (1996), Minority Report (2002), The Nice Guys (2016) and Lady Bird (2017). \nIn 2017, at the age of 87, Smith received critical acclaim for her leading performance in the science-fiction drama film Marjorie Prime, for which she was nominated for an Independent Spirit Awards, Gotham Awards and Saturn Award, and well as won Satellite Award. Smith also has had many roles on television, both daytime and prime time. She was regular cast member in the HBO horror drama True Blood, and well as received Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Guest Performer in a Drama Series nomination for The Americans.\nSmith also is known for her extensive work in the theatre, receiving two Tony Award nominations for originating the role of Ma Joad in The Grapes of Wrath (1990) and for the role of Halie in a revival of Buried Child in 1996. She also starred in an acclaimed Off-Broadway revival of The Trip to Bountiful in 2005 for which she received an Obie Award for Best Actress, an Outer Critics Circle Award, a Lucille Lortel Award, and a Drama Desk Award. Smith is an ensemble member of Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago.\nSmith was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 2007 for her outstanding contributions to the theatre. In 2013, she was given a Lifetime Achievement Obie Award for excellence in Off-Broadway performances. In her career, she has taught, directed, and written for the stage.", "Q2961554": "Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi (Urdu: \u0686\u0648\u06c1\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06c1\u06cc\u200e; born 1 November 1945) is a Pakistani politician who is the current Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, in office since August 2018. He has been a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab since August 2018.\nHe served as the first and only Deputy Prime Minister of Pakistan in 2013. After a successful campaign in the 2002 general elections, he became the Chief Minister of Punjab Province and tenured until 2007. In 2008, he served as the leader of the opposition in the National Assembly of Pakistan for short time. He was a member of the National Assembly from 2008 to May 2018.\n\n", "Q42742220": "AKB48 Group (Japanese: AKB48\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7, Hepburn: AKB48 gur\u016bpu), or AKB48 sister groups, shortened to 48 Group, 48g, refers to the sister groups of the Japanese idol girl group AKB48. Based on the same concept \"idols you can meet\", it currently consists of 5 sister groups in locations across Japan and 7 sister groups in major Asian cities overseas from Indonesia to India. The Japan-based sister groups not only release their own singles, but also perform on some of the AKB48 singles and events. They also send participants in the AKB48 annual events such as the AKB48 general election. The sister groups outside Japan release local-language versions of the AKB48 singles. In their early development, they are often supported by temporary, concurrent members of AKB48, such as Jurina Matsui and Miyuki Watanabe.", "Q595709": "Leonid Ivanovich Borodin (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0434 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043d; 14 April 1938 in Irkutsk \u2013 24 November 2011 in Moscow) was a Russian novelist and journalist.", "Q57123": "Alfred Josef Ferdinand Jodl (listen ) (10 May 1890 \u2013 16 October 1946) was a German Generaloberst who served as the Chief of the Operations Staff of the Armed Forces High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht) throughout World War II.\nAfter the war, Jodl was indicted on charges of conspiracy to commit crimes against peace; planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression; war crimes; and crimes against humanity at the Allied-organised Nuremberg trials. The principal charges against him related to his signature of the criminal Commando and Commissar Orders. Found guilty on all charges, he was sentenced to death and executed in Nuremberg in 1946.", "Q686915": "Mr.Children (Japanese: \u30df\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c1\u30eb\u30c9\u30ec\u30f3, Hepburn: Misut\u0101 Chirudoren), commonly referred to by their contracted nickname \"Misu-Chiru\" (\u30df\u30b9\u30c1\u30eb), are a Japanese pop rock band formed in 1989. Consisting of Kazutoshi Sakurai, Kenichi Tahara, Keisuke Nakagawa, and Hideya Suzuki, they made their major label debut in 1992. They are one of the best selling artists in Japan and one of the most successful Japanese rock artists, having sold over 75 million records and creating the \"Mis-chil Phenomenon\" (\u30df\u30b9\u30c1\u30eb\u73fe\u8c61) in the mid-1990s in Japan. They held the record for the highest first week sales of a single in Japan for 15 years, with 1.2 million copies of their 10th single \"Namonaki Uta\" (\u540d\u3082\u306a\u304d\u8a69), have 30 consecutive number 1 singles, replaced Glay as the all-male band (with 3 or more members) to have the most number 1 albums on the Oricon charts, and won the Japan Record Award in 1994 for \"Innocent World\" and in 2004 for \"Sign\". As of 2012, Mr. Children has published fifteen original studio albums and 34 physical singles, along with five compilations, a live album, and fifteen home video releases.\nThe band's music is mainly composed and written by lead singer Sakurai, with the exception of the Suzuki-penned songs \"Asia\" and \"#2601\" from the albums Atomic Heart and Discovery, and occasional collaborative song writing with producer Takeshi Kobayashi..\nIn 2012 they celebrated their 20th debut anniversary by releasing dual best album titled Mr. Children 2001\u20132005 \uff1cmicro\uff1e and Mr. Children 2005\u20132010 \uff1cmacro\uff1e. Both albums dominated the best-selling album category in the 2012 Oricon yearly chart, selling over 2.5 million copies. Mr.Children has become the third artists who achieved TOP 2 spots on the yearly album ranking, and this is the first time in 14 years for any artist to achieve this. Moreover, [(An Imitation) Blood Orange], an album of new material released in November 2012, debuted No.1 on the Oricon Chart\u2014at the end of the year, all three albums released that year were in the Top 10 best selling albums of 2012.\nIn 2015, Mr. Children was named No.1 Concert Mobilization Power Ranking based on the overall number of people whom attended their performances during 2015 in Japan, mobilizing 1,119,000 fans (36 concerts)", "Q4397946": "Russian Academy of Arts (RAKh / rus. \u0420\u0410\u0425, \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0301\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432) is the State scientific Institution of Russian Federation, eligible heir to the USSR Academy of Arts. RAKh is the public cultural Institution\u2014a counterpart of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of fine arts, architecture, decorations, design and art education. A founder of RAKh is the Government of the Russian Federation.", "Q190492": "The Central Cemetery (Spanish: Cementerio central) of Barrio Sur, Montevideo, is one of the main cemeteries in Uruguay. It also ranks amongst the most popular in the country, given that most famous Uruguayan people are buried there.\nIt is located in the southern area of the city and it was founded in 1835. The entrance, designed and built up after the Uruguayan Civil War (1839\u20131852), is the work of the Italian sculptor Bernardo Poncini.The cemetery was originally placed far away from the city, mainly because of the persistent risk of an epidemic. However, with the fast development and growth of Montevideo throughout the 20th century, the Central Cemetery is now surrounded by the metropolis.It became quite popular after 1858. It was one of the first cemeteries in the country at a time when burials were still carried out by the Catholic Church. Some works and statues made by Jos\u00e9 Belloni and Jos\u00e9 Luis Zorrilla de San Mart\u00edn can be found in the cemetery.", "Q173709": "Jim Rigsby (June 6, 1923 \u2013 August 31, 1952) was an American racecar driver from Spadry, Arkansas. He was killed in a horrible crash during a sprint car race at Dayton, Ohio.", "Q85071": "Robert Jan Verbelen (5 April 1911, Herent, Belgium \u2013 28 August 1990, Vienna, Austria) was a Belgian Nazi collaborator. During the last years of the War, Verbelen was head of the De Vlag Veiligheidscorps, a Nazi SS security force in Belgium. In that function he assassinated Alexandre Galopin, director of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Belgique, and tried to murder Albert Dev\u00e8ze, Minister of State, Charles Collard-de Sloovere, Attorney General, and Robert de Foy, former State Security director. He was sentenced to the death penalty by a Belgian court in 1947, who found him responsible for the deaths of 101 Belgian resistance fighters.\nAfter the liberation of Belgium in the Second World War, Verbelen fled through Germany to Austria, where for eight years he worked for the Counter Intelligence Corps of the US Army, while he already was convicted as war criminal in Belgium. He obtained Austrian citizenship in 1959. He was charged with five murders in a 1965 war crime trial in Austria, but was acquitted of war crimes.", "Q345217": "Lucio Fulci (Italian: [\u02c8lut\u0283o \u02c8fult\u0283i]; 17 June 1927 \u2013 13 March 1996) was an Italian film director, screenwriter and actor. \nAlthough he worked in a wide array of genres through a career as a film director spanning nearly five decades, including comedy and spaghetti westerns, he garnered an international cult following for his giallo and horror films. His most notable films include the \"Gates of Hell\" trilogy\u2014City of the Living Dead (1980), The Beyond (1981), and The House by the Cemetery (1981)\u2014as well as Massacre Time (1966), One on Top of the Other (1969), A Lizard in a Woman's Skin (1971), Don't Torture a Duckling (1972), White Fang (1973), Four of the Apocalypse (1975), Sette note in nero (1977), Zombi 2 (1979), The New York Ripper(1982), and A Cat in the Brain (1990). Although a number of films over the years were said to have been \"co-produced\" by Fulci, he was just allowing them to use his name to promote the films (with the exception of City of the Living Dead, which he did actively attempt to obtain some funding for).\nBecause of the high level of visceral graphic violence present in many of his films, especially Zombi 2, The Beyond, Contraband and The New York Ripper, Fulci is frequently referred to as \"The Godfather of Gore\", a title also given to Herschell Gordon Lewis.", "Q540134": "Trinidad \"Trini\" L\u00f3pez III (born May 15, 1937) is an American singer, guitarist, and actor. His first album included a version of \"If I Had a Hammer\", which earned a Golden Disc for him. Other hits included \"Lemon Tree\", \"I'm Comin' Home, Cindy\" and \"Sally Was a Good Old Girl\". He designed two guitars for the Gibson Guitar Corporation, which are now collectors\u2019 items.", "Q2301314": "Lawrence \"Larry\" Brilliant (born May 5, 1944) is an American epidemiologist, technologist, philanthropist, and author, notable for his 1973 - 1976 work with the World Health Organization, helping to successfully eradicate smallpox.\nBrilliant, a technology patent holder, has been the CEO of public companies and venture backed start-ups. He was the inaugural Executive Director of Google.org, the charitable arm of Google established in 2005, and the first CEO of Skoll Global Threats Fund, established in 2009 by eBay founder Jeff Skoll to address climate change, pandemics, water security, nuclear proliferation, and conflict in the Middle East. Brilliant currently serves as the Chairman of the Board of Ending Pandemics, and is also on the boards of the Skoll Foundation, Salesforce.org, The Seva Foundation, and Dharma Platform. \n\n", "Q70588": "Onnens is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q1330499": "Elisabeth von Trapp (born 1955) is a folk singer.", "Q1409731": "Scott Allen \"Scotty\" Klopfenstein is an American musician and a former member of the band Reel Big Fish. He sings and plays trumpet, guitar, and keyboard.\nBefore joining Reel Big Fish, Klopfenstein played trumpet in Nuckle Brothers and trumpet and vocals in The Scholars. He briefly headed a side project called Pal with fellow former Scholars member Jesse Wilder, but then started The Littlest Man Band, which featured Dan Regan from Reel Big Fish, Vincent Walker from Suburban Legends, and three members of The Scholars. Reel Big Fish and The Littlest Man Band have performed at the same venues.In 2005, Klopfenstein moved to New York City to live with his fianc\u00e9e. In September, he was diagnosed with Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome while touring New Zealand with Reel Big Fish. Klopfenstein was hospitalized immediately, and sent home to New York to recover. He rejoined the band for a New Year's Eve concert that year. Shortly afterward, while touring in Europe, Klopfenstein had a relapse and was flown home from Amsterdam, unable to finish the rest of the tour. He subsequently returned to the band's lineup.In September 2006, Klopfenstein married his fianc\u00e9e, whom he has known since high school. In 2008, he played trumpet on the Less Than Jake album GNV FLA.Klopfenstein retired from Reel Big Fish at the end of 2011, before the birth of his first child.In concert, Klopfenstein spoke to the audience frequently and participated in banter with Barrett.Klopfenstein is a cousin of former professional football player Joe Klopfenstein.", "Q104581": "Louise Dorothea Schroeder (2 April 1887 in Altona (Elbe) \u2013 4 June 1957 in Berlin) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) party. She was the first female member of the Weimar National Assembly during the Weimar Republic. An educator and activist central in the Arbeiterwohlfahrt (Workers Welfare Institution) movement, and she was under scrutiny of the Nazi Party during the 1930s and 1940s for her socialist positions. After the division of Germany following World War II, she served as governing mayor of West Berlin from 1948\u20131951.", "Q980955": "Pierre Goldman (French pronunciation: \u200b[pj\u025b\u0281 \u0261\u0254ldman]; 22 June 1944 in Lyon \u2013 20 September 1979 in Paris) was a French left-wing intellectual who was convicted of several robberies and mysteriously assassinated. It has been suspected that the Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberaci\u00f3n (GAL) death squad was involved in his murder. His half-brother Jean-Jacques Goldman is a popular French singer.", "Q15": "Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With\n1.3 billion people as of 2018, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), eight territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere.\nAfrica's average population is the youngest amongst all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Algeria is Africa's largest country by area, and Nigeria is its largest by population. Africa, particularly central Eastern Africa, is widely accepted as the place of origin of humans and the Hominidae clade (great apes), as evidenced by the discovery of the earliest hominids and their ancestors as well as later ones that have been dated to around 7 million years ago, including Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H. ergaster\u2014the earliest Homo sapiens (modern human), found in Ethiopia, date to circa 200,000 years ago. Africa straddles the equator and encompasses numerous climate areas; it is the only continent to stretch from the northern temperate to southern temperate zones.Africa hosts a large diversity of ethnicities, cultures and languages. In the late 19th century, European countries colonised almost all of Africa; most present states in Africa emerged from a process of decolonisation in the 20th century. African nations cooperate through the establishment of the African Union, which is headquartered in Addis Ababa.", "Q148947": "Not to be confused with Krosno in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship\n\nKrosno Odrza\u0144skie [\u02c8kr\u0254sn\u0254 \u0254\u02c8d\u0290a\u0272sk\u02b2\u025b] (German: Crossen an der Oder) is a city on the east bank of Oder River, at the confluence with the B\u00f3br. The town in Western Poland with 11,319 inhabitants (2019) is the capital of Krosno County. It is assigned to the Lubusz Voivodeship (since 1999), previously part of Zielona G\u00f3ra Voivodeship (1975\u20131998).", "Q735507": "Nicolas Bosret (5 March 1799 \u2013 18 November 1876) was a blind composer and organist at the St. Loup church in Namur.\nBosret was blinded at the age of seven due to an accident, but this did not stop him from receiving a musical education: he was taught by the organist of the St. Loup church (Namur). He stayed at this church, earning a living as an organist and a teacher of solf\u00e8ge.\nIn 1851 he composed Li Bia Bouquet (originally named Li bouquet del marieye), a song in the Walloon language that gained a lot of popularity in that city and became the official hymn of the city in 1857.", "Q98746": "Herbert Ludwig Rusche (born 6 May 1952 in Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Rhineland-Palatinate) is a German politician and LGBT activist.Rusche was born in Bad Neuenahr. In his childhood, he lived in three cities. After his schooling, he lived in Kaiserslautern, Heidelberg, Berlin, Hamburg, Offenbach am Main and Frankfurt am Main. Rusche left the Protestant Church in 1970 and became a Buddhist in 1977. In 1977 he also opened the first health food store in Offenbach with a friend. In the 1990s he was self-employed with a telecommunication business. He encountered severe health issues and retired permanently disabled in 2004.", "Q887948": "Samuel Robert Gibson (November 16, 1931 \u2013 September 28, 1996) was an American folk singer and a key figure in the folk music revival in the late 1950s and early 1960s. His principal instruments were banjo and 12-string guitar.\nHe introduced a then-unknown Joan Baez at the Newport Folk Festival of 1959. He produced a number of LPs in the decade from 1956 to 1965. His best known album, Gibson & Camp at the Gate of Horn, was released in 1961. His songs have been recorded by, among others, the Limeliters, Peter, Paul and Mary, Simon & Garfunkel, the Byrds, the Smothers Brothers, Phil Ochs, and the Kingston Trio.\nHis career was interrupted by his addiction to drugs and alcohol. After getting sober he attempted a comeback in 1978, but the musical scene had changed and his traditional style of folk music was out of favor with young audiences. He did, however, continue his artistic career with albums, musicals, plays, and television performances. In 1993 he was diagnosed with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and died of that disease at the age of 64.", "Q89893": "Carl Dreher (February 16, 1896 \u2013 July 13, 1976) was an electrical engineer, two-time Academy Award-nominated sound engineer, and an author who primarily dealt with technical and scientific topics. Directly involved with two technological revolutions\u2014the introduction of radio broadcasting and the development of sound movies\u2014he observed that \"No form of communication was safe from the innovative drive of electronics.\"", "Q525960": "Blankenburg (Harz) is a town and health resort in the district of Harz, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, at the north foot of the Harz Mountains, 12 miles (19 km) southwest of Halberstadt.\nIt has been in large part rebuilt since a fire in 1836, and possesses a castle, with various collections, a museum of antiquities, an old town hall and churches. There are pine-needle baths and a psychiatric hospital. Gardening is a speciality. The nearby ridge of rocks called the Teufelsmauer (Devils Wall) offers views across the plain and into the deep gorges of the Harz.", "Q97475": "Lieutenant Karl Thom (19 May 1893 \u2013 3 March 1945), was a German World War I fighter ace credited with 27 victories. He was decorated with both his nation's highest decorations for valor, the Military Merit Cross as an enlisted soldier, and the Pour le M\u00e9rite after he was commissioned as an officer. He was one of only four German aces of World War I to achieve this double award.", "Q7155": "Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. Behaviourism as a term also describes the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually referring to measured responses to stimuli or to trained behavioural responses in a laboratory context, without a particular emphasis on evolutionary adaptivity. Throughout history, different naturalists have studied aspects of animal behaviour. Ethology has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin (1809-1882) and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth (1871-1945), and Wallace Craig. The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907-1988) and of Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch (1886-1982), the three recipients of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Ethology combines laboratory and field science, with a strong relation to some other disciplines such as neuroanatomy, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Ethologists typically show interest in a behavioural process rather than in a particular animal group, and often study one type of behaviour, such as aggression, in a number of unrelated species.\nEthology is a rapidly growing field. Since the dawn of the 21st century researchers have re-examined and reached new conclusions in many aspects of animal communication, emotions, culture, learning and sexuality that the scientific community long thought it understood. New fields, such as neuroethology, have developed.\nUnderstanding ethology or animal behaviour can be important in animal training. Considering the natural behaviours of different species or breeds enables trainers to select the individuals best suited to perform the required task. It also enables trainers to encourage the performance of naturally occurring behaviours and the discontinuance of undesirable behaviours.", "Q149481": "Viadrina European University (German: Europa-Universit\u00e4t Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), hence its frequent appearance as European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) in English) is a university located at Frankfurt (Oder) in Brandenburg, Germany. It is also known as the University of Frankfurt (Oder). The city is on the Oder River, which marks the border between Germany and Poland. With 5,200 students \u2014 around 1,000 of whom come from Poland \u2014 and some 160 teaching staff, the Viadrina is one of Germany's smallest universities (only the University of Erfurt and Jacobs University Bremen have fewer students).\nThe Latin word Viadrina means \"belonging to, or situated at, the Oder River\"; it derives from Viadrus, the name of a presumed river god of the Oder. Actually, an ancient name of the river is not documented, it is mentioned as Oddera in the 991 Dagome iudex referring to the realm of Prince Mieszko I of Poland. The Latin name was probably introduced the Frankfurt scholar Jodocus Willich (c.1486\u20131552) and appeared in the Cosmographia by Sebastian M\u00fcnster in 1544; the city of Frankfurt was known in Latin as Francofortum ad Viadrum.\n\n", "Q316129": "Mimnermus (Greek: \u039c\u03af\u03bc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 M\u00edmnermos) was a Greek elegiac poet from either Colophon or Smyrna in Ionia, who flourished about 630\u2013600 BC. He was strongly influenced by the example of Homer yet he wrote short poems suitable for performance at drinking parties and was remembered by ancient authorities chiefly as a love poet. Mimnermus in turn exerted a strong influence on Hellenistic poets such as Callimachus and thus also on Roman poets such as Propertius, who even preferred him to Homer for his eloquence on love themes (see Comments by other poets below). His work was collected by Alexandrian scholars in just two \"books\" (relatively few compared for example with the twenty-six books for Stesichorus) and today only small fragments survive. The fragments confirm the ancient estimate of him as a \"consummate poet\" but also indicate that he was a \"sturdier character\" than the indulgent love poet he was assumed to be by various ancient commentators. Almost no reliable, biographical details have been recorded. One ancient account linked him romantically with a flute girl who subsequently gave her name, Nanno, to one of his two books.", "Q87666": "Heinz Westphal (born 4 June 1924 in Berlin, died 30 October 1998 in Bonn) was a German politician, representing the SPD. In 1982, he was the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and from 1983 to 1990 he was the vice-president of the German Bundestag.", "Q116185": "Michel Tabachnik (born 10 November 1942) is a Swiss conductor and composer.", "Q91004": "Kai Wiesinger (born April 16, 1966 in Hanover, West Germany) is a German actor.", "Q45533": "Lorena Fabiana Colotta, professionally known as Sabrina Sabrok (born March 4, 1976) is an Argentine television host, cyberpunk rock singer, adult model, pornographic actress and producer.", "Q1524": "Athens ( ATH-inz; Greek: \u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1, romanized: Ath\u00edna [a\u02c8\u03b8ina] (listen); Ancient Greek: \u1f08\u03b8\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, romanized: Ath\u00eanai (pl.) [at\u02b0\u025b\u0302\u02d0nai\u032f]) is the capital and largest city in Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years and its earliest human presence started somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennium BC.Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus. A center for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece.\nAthens is a global city and one of the biggest economic centers in southeastern Europe. It has a large financial sector, and its port Piraeus is both the largest passenger port in Europe, and the second largest in the world. \nThe Municipality of Athens (also City of Athens), which actually constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire city, had a population of 664,046 (in 2011) within its official limits, and a land area of 38.96 km2 (15.04 sq mi). The urban area of Athens (Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus) extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits, with a population of 3,090,508 (in 2011) over an area of 412 km2 (159 sq mi). According to Eurostat in 2011, the functional urban area (FUA) of Athens was the 9th most populous FUA in the European Union (the 6th most populous capital city of the EU), with a population of 3.8 million people. Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland and the warmest major city in Europe.\nThe heritage of the classical era is still evident in the city, represented by ancient monuments and works of art, the most famous of all being the Parthenon, considered a key landmark of early Western civilization. The city also retains Roman and Byzantine monuments, as well as a smaller number of Ottoman monuments. Athens is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Acropolis of Athens and the medieval Daphni Monastery. Landmarks of the modern era, dating back to the establishment of Athens as the capital of the independent Greek state in 1834, include the Hellenic Parliament and the so-called \"architectural trilogy of Athens\", consisting of the National Library of Greece, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and the Academy of Athens. Athens is also home to several museums and cultural institutions, such as the National Archeological Museum, featuring the world's largest collection of ancient Greek antiquities, the Acropolis Museum, the Museum of Cycladic Art, the Benaki Museum and the Byzantine and Christian Museum. Athens was the host city of the first modern-day Olympic Games in 1896, and 108 years later it hosted the 2004 Summer Olympics, making it one of the few cities to have hosted the Olympics more than once.\n\n", "Q86578": "Catharina Regina von Greiffenberg (7 September 1633, Viehdorf \u2014 10 April 1694, Nuremberg) was an Austrian poet of the Baroque era. Greiffenberg is one of the most significant German-language female writers of the early current time frame. Her work is regularly profoundly close to home, as often as possible communicated as an inward monolog. [1]", "Q317237": "Arthur \"Harpo\" Marx (born Adolph Marx; November 23, 1888 \u2013 September 28, 1964) was an American comedian, actor, mime artist, and musician, and the second-oldest of the Marx Brothers. In contrast to the mainly verbal comedy of his brothers Groucho Marx and Chico Marx, Harpo's comic style was visual, being an example of both clown and pantomime traditions. He wore a curly reddish blonde wig, and never spoke during performances (he blew a horn or whistled to communicate). He frequently used props such as a horn cane, made up of a pipe, tape, and a bulbhorn, and he played the harp in most of his films.", "Q1933030": "Mike Barone is an American jazz trombonist and big band leader. His Mike Barone Big Band became one of the best known West Coast big bands, from early days playing at Donte's in North Hollywood in the late sixties. Barone's brother, Gary Barone, is a trumpeter.", "Q99458": "Fritz Steinhoff (23 November 1897 \u2013 22 October 1969) was a German politician of the SPD. He was the third Minister President of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1956 until 1958.", "Q734619": "Steve Stoll (born 1967, as Stephen Stollmeyer) is an American techno musician and label owner.\nStoll also produces under monikers such as Acid Farm, Ausgang, The Blunted Boy Wonder, Cobalt, Critical Mass, Dark Man, Datacloud, Floating Point, Mr. Proper, The Operator, Storm, Systematic, Test Tones and Time Attack.", "Q55720": "Sarah, Duchess of York (born Sarah Margaret Ferguson; 15 October 1959), is the former wife of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the second son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. They have two daughters, Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie. Although Sarah and Andrew divorced in 1996, she has remained friendly with both him and the Queen, despite a controversial business life. Sarah is also active as a writer, charity patron, film producer, and television personality.", "Q590103": "Psychological thriller is a genre that is commonly used to describe movies and books that deal with psychological narratives in a thrilling setting. \nIn terms of context and convention, it is a subgenre of the broader ranging thriller narrative structure, with similarities to Gothic and detective fiction in the sense of sometimes having a \"dissolving sense of reality\". It is often told through the viewpoint of psychologically stressed characters, revealing their distorted mental perceptions and focusing on the complex and often tortured relationships between obsessive and pathological characters. Psychological thrillers often incorporate elements of mystery, drama, action, and paranoia. Not to be confused with the overlapping psychological horror genre, which involves more terror than psychosomatic themes.\n\n", "Q45255": "Karl Valentin (born Valentin Ludwig Fey, 4 June 1882 in Munich \u2013 9 February 1948 in Planegg) was a Bavarian comedian, cabaret performer, clown, author and film producer. He had significant influence on German Weimar culture. Valentin starred in many silent films in the 1920s, and was sometimes called the \"Charlie Chaplin of Germany\". His work has an essential influence on artists like Bertolt Brecht, Samuel Beckett, Loriot and Helge Schneider.", "Q493378": "Culver City is a city in Los Angeles County, California. As of 2018, the estimated population was 39,214. The city was named after its founder, Harry Culver. Originally founded as a whites-only city or sundown town, since the 1980s it has become fairly diverse with one of the most diverse school systems in the United States. It is mostly surrounded by the city of Los Angeles, but also shares a border with unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County. Over the years, it has annexed more than 40 pieces of adjoining land and now comprises about five square miles.\nSince the 1920s, Culver City has been a center for motion picture and later television production, best known as the home of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios. From 1932 to 1986, it was the headquarters for the Hughes Aircraft Company. National Public Radio West and Sony Pictures Entertainment have headquarters in the city. The NFL Network studio is also located in Culver City.", "Q1242": "Luigi Einaudi, (Italian: [lu\u02c8i\u02d0d\u0292i ei\u02c8naudi]; 24 March 1874 \u2013 30 October 1961) was an Italian politician and economist. He served as the second President of Italy between 1948 and 1955.", "Q439385": "Lisa Sheridan (December 5, 1974 \u2013 February 25, 2019) was an American actress. Known mainly for her work on television, Sheridan was a regular cast member in series such as FreakyLinks, Invasion, CSI: Miami and Still the King.", "Q170566": "The Japan national football team (Japanese: \u30b5\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u65e5\u672c\u4ee3\u8868, Hepburn: Sakk\u0101 Nippon Daihy\u014d), nicknamed the Samurai Blue (\u30b5\u30e0\u30e9\u30a4\u30fb\u30d6\u30eb\u30fc), represents Japan in men's international football and it's controlled by the Japan Football Association (JFA), the governing body for football in Japan. The current head coach is Hajime Moriyasu, who is also the current coach of the Japan U-23 team.\nJapan was not a major football force until the end of the 1980s, with its team small and amateur, but since the 1990s, when Japanese football became fully professionalized, Japan has quickly emerged as one of the most successful teams in Asia, having qualified for the last six consecutive FIFA World Cups with second round advancements in 2002, 2010, and 2018, and having won the AFC Asian Cup a record four times, in 1992, 2000, 2004 and 2011. The team has also finished second in the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2019 AFC Asian Cup. Their principal continental rivals are South Korea, North Korea, China and most recently, Australia; though they also develop rivalries against Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia.\nJapan was the first team from outside the Americas to participate in the Copa Am\u00e9rica, having been invited in 1999, 2011, 2015, and 2019 editions of the tournament, although they only played in the 1999 and 2019 events.", "Q88233": "Leon Wegner (31 March 1824, Pozna\u0144 \u2013 9 July 1873, Pozna\u0144) was a Polish economist and historian, co-founder of Pozna\u0144 Society of Friends of Arts and Sciences.", "Q639329": "Meinoud Marinus Rost van Tonningen (19 February 1894 \u2013 6 June 1945) was a Dutch politician of the National Socialist Movement (NSB). During the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II, he collaborated extensively with the German occupation forces. He was the husband of Florentine Rost van Tonnigen.", "Q15462": "Sir William Hamilton, (13 December 1730 \u2013 6 April 1803), was a British diplomat, antiquarian, archaeologist and vulcanologist. After a short period as a Member of Parliament, he served as British Ambassador to the Kingdom of Naples from 1764 to 1800. He studied the volcanoes Vesuvius and Etna, becoming a Fellow of the Royal Society and recipient of the Copley Medal. His second wife was Emma Hamilton, famed as Horatio Nelson's mistress.", "Q1680807": "Walter James \"Jim\" McNerney Jr. (born August 22, 1949) is a business executive who was President and CEO of The Boeing Company, June 2005-July 2015. McNerney was also Chairman from June 2005 until March 1, 2016.", "Q176117": "Jes\u00fas Puras Vidal de la Pe\u00f1a (born March 16 1963), also known as 'Chus Puras', is a Spanish rally driver active in the World Rally Championship from 1991 to 2002. Puras was well known for his blistering performances on tarmac rallies.\n\n", "Q383442": "Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto (13 May 1881 \u2013 1 November 1922) was a Brazilian novelist and journalist. A major figure in Brazilian Pre-Modernism, he is famous for the novel Triste Fim de Policarpo Quaresma, a bitter satire of the first years of the Rep\u00fablica Velha in Brazil.", "Q130142": "Miller's Crossing is a 1990 American neo-noir gangster film written, directed and produced by the Coen brothers and starring Gabriel Byrne, Marcia Gay Harden, John Turturro, Jon Polito, J. E. Freeman, and Albert Finney. The plot concerns a power struggle between two rival gangs and how the protagonist, Tom Reagan (Byrne), plays both sides against each other. In 2005, Time chose Miller's Crossing as one of the 100 greatest films made since the inception of the periodical. Time critic Richard Corliss called it a \"noir with a touch so light, the film seems to float on the breeze like the frisbee of a fedora sailing through the forest\".", "Q202148": "Burton Leon Reynolds Jr. (February 11, 1936 \u2013 September 6, 2018) was an American actor, director, and producer of film and television, considered a sex symbol and icon of American popular culture. He first rose to prominence when he starred in several different television series such as Gunsmoke (1962\u20131965), Hawk (1966), and Dan August (1970\u20131971).\nAlthough Reynolds had leading roles in such films as Navajo Joe (1966), his breakthrough role was as Lewis Medlock in Deliverance (1972). Reynolds played the leading role in a number of subsequent box office hits, such as The Longest Yard (1974), Smokey and the Bandit (1977), Semi-Tough (1977), The End (1978), Hooper (1978), Starting Over (1979), Smokey and the Bandit II (1980), The Cannonball Run (1981), Sharky's Machine (1981), The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (1982), and Cannonball Run II (1984), several of which he directed himself. He was nominated twice for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.\nReynolds was voted the world's number one box office star for five consecutive years (from 1978 to 1982) in the annual Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll, a record he shares with Bing Crosby. After a number of box office failures, Reynolds returned to television, starring in the sitcom Evening Shade (1990\u20131994), which won him a Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series. His performance as high-minded pornographer Jack Horner in Paul Thomas Anderson\u2019s Boogie Nights (1997) brought him renewed critical attention, earning him another Golden Globe (for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture), with nominations for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and a BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q546223": "Army of Anyone was a rock supergroup formed by Filter frontman Richard Patrick with two members of rock band Stone Temple Pilots. In addition to Patrick on vocals, the band featured brothers Dean DeLeo and Robert DeLeo on guitar and bass respectively, and Ray Luzier, formerly of David Lee Roth's band, on drums. The band released one self-titled album in November 2006, which was well-received, but sold well short of the members' multi-platinum selling releases of their other bands, even despite the success of their first single, \"Goodbye\", which peaked at number 3 on the US Billboard Mainstream Rock Songs chart. After releasing a second charting single, \"Father Figure\", and touring in support of the album, the band went into hiatus in mid-2007, with members returning to their respective bands, except Luzier, who joined Korn. Despite being relatively inactive since 2007, all members have stayed in contact, and have independently shown interest in working on a second album if the logistics and scheduling of their commitments to other bands ever aligned.", "Q187850": "Mathew B. Brady (c. 1822 \u2013 January 15, 1896) was an American photographer, and one of the earliest in American history. Best known for his scenes of the Civil War, he studied under inventor Samuel F. B. Morse, who pioneered the daguerreotype technique in America. Brady opened his own studio in New York in 1844, and photographed Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and Abraham Lincoln, among other public figures.\nWhen the Civil War started, his use of a mobile studio and darkroom enabled vivid battlefield photographs that brought home the reality of war to the public. Thousands of war scenes were captured, as well as portraits of generals and politicians on both sides of the conflict, though most of these were taken by his assistants, rather than by Brady himself.\nAfter the war, these pictures went out of fashion, and the government did not purchase the master-copies as he had anticipated. Brady's fortunes declined sharply, and he died in debt.", "Q57651": "Maria Anna of Neuburg (Spanish: Mariana; 28 October 1667 \u2013 16 July 1740), was Queen of Spain from 1689 to 1700 as the second wife of Charles II, last Habsburg King of Spain.\nHer marriage was dominated by the political struggle between French and Austrian factions over the Spanish throne, which resulted in the 1701 to 1714 War of the Spanish Succession. When Charles died in 1700, he was succeeded by the French candidate, Philip V and Maria Anna was exiled. She lived largely forgotten until her death in 1740.", "Q731007": "Gurf Morlix is an American singer-songwriter and music producer.", "Q84409": "Angela Schanelec (born 14 February 1962) is a German actress, film director and screenwriter. Her film Places in Cities was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival. At the 69th Berlin International Film Festival, Schanelec won the Silver Bear for Best Director for her film I Was at Home, But.", "Q172371": "Andre \"Dries\" van der Lof (23 August 1919 in Emmen \u2013 24 May 1990 in Enschede) was a racing driver from the Netherlands. Van der Lof was an industrialist whose factory manufactured electric cable, and competed as an amateur in motorsport events. He participated in one World Championship Grand Prix, the 1952 Dutch Grand Prix on 17 August 1952, where together with Jan Flinterman he was the first driver from the Netherlands to compete in a Formula One World Championship race. Entering an HWM 52, he retired from the race after 70 laps and scored no championship points. He later bought a Maserati 250F and competed in historic racing until the 1980s.", "Q388517": "Shrek the Halls is an American Christmas computer-animated comedy television special that premiered on the American television network ABC on Wednesday, November 28, 2007. The thirty minute Christmas special was directed by Gary Trousdale and produced by DreamWorks Animation. Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz and Antonio Banderas reprised their roles from the feature films. This Christmas special takes place between Shrek the Third and Shrek Forever After. As with the other Shrek animations, this television special was based on the 1990 children's book Shrek! by William Steig.", "Q464096": "The American Economic Association (AEA) is a learned society in the field of economics, headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. It publishes one of the most prestigious academic journals in economics: the American Economic Review. The AEA was established in 1885 in Saratoga, New York by younger progressive economists trained in the German historical school, including Richard T. Ely, Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman and Katharine Coman, the only woman co-founder; since 1900 it has been under the control of academics.The purposes of the Association are: 1) The encouragement of economic research, especially the historical and statistical study of the actual conditions of industrial life; 2) The issue of publications on economic subjects; 3) The encouragement of perfect freedom of economic discussion. The Association as such will take no partisan attitude, nor will it commit its members to any position on practical economic questions. \nOnce composed primarily of college and university teachers of economics, the Association now attracts an increasing number of members from business and professional groups. Today the membership is about 18,000, over half of whom are academics. About 15% are employed in business and industry, and the remainder largely by federal, state, and local government or other not-for-profit organizations.", "Q374974": "Hard Contract is a 1969 American drama mystery film written and directed by S. Lee Pogostin and starring James Coburn and Lee Remick. It premiered on April 30, 1969 in Panavision.", "Q345571": "Belisario Betancur Cuartas (4 February 1923 \u2013 7 December 2018) was a Colombian politician who served as the 26th President of Colombia from 1982 to 1986. He was a member of the Colombian Conservative Party. His presidency was noted for its attempted peace talks with several Colombian guerilla groups. He was also one of the few presidents to abstain from participating in politics after leaving office.", "Q334388": "Samuel Allardyce (; born 19 October 1954) is an English football manager and former professional player who left his post as manager at Premier League club Everton in May 2018.\nAllardyce made 578 league and cup appearances in a 21-year career spent mostly in the Football League, as well as brief spells in the North American Soccer League and League of Ireland. He was signed by Bolton Wanderers from Dudley Town in 1969 and spent nine years at Bolton, helping the club to win the Second Division title in 1977\u201378. He spent the 1980s as a journeyman player, spending time with Sunderland, Millwall, Tampa Bay Rowdies, Coventry City, Huddersfield Town, Bolton Wanderers (for a second spell), Preston North End, and West Bromwich Albion (also working as assistant manager). During this time he helped Preston to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1986\u201387.\nMoving into management, he took charge of Irish club Limerick in 1991, leading the club to the League of Ireland First Division (second tier) title in 1991\u201392. He returned to England to coach at Preston North End, also serving briefly as caretaker-manager. He took up his first permanent management role in England at Blackpool in July 1994, but was sacked after two years having narrowly failed to achieve promotion. He spent January 1997 to October 1999 in charge at Notts County, taking them to the Third Division title in 1997\u201398. He then returned to Bolton Wanderers as manager, leading the club to promotion out of the First Division via the play-offs in 2001, as well as a League Cup final and UEFA Cup qualification. Following a spell at Newcastle United from May 2007 to January 2008, Allardyce managed Blackburn Rovers for a two-year spell from December 2008. He was appointed West Ham United manager in June 2011, leading the club to promotion out of the Championship via the play-offs in 2012, before leaving West Ham in May 2015 after criticism from fans over his playing style. He was appointed Sunderland manager in October 2015 and saved the club from relegation. He was appointed as manager of the English national team for a brief spell in July 2016, before taking charge at Crystal Palace five months later. After helping Palace to avoid relegation that season, he announced his resignation in May 2017. He took charge at Everton in November 2017 and remained in charge for a six-month period.\nAllardyce has been labelled a long ball manager by some analysts, though he has disputed this perception as \"totally and utterly wrong\". He takes a modern, technology and statistics centred approach to tactics and coaching, and has been praised for his organisational and man-management skills.\nAllardyce has been criticised for alleged corruption and has twice been the subject of undercover investigations. In September 2006, he and his son, Craig, were implicated in a BBC Panorama documentary for taking bribes, allegations which they denied. In September 2016, undercover Daily Telegraph reporters posing as businessmen recorded him offering to help them to get around FA third party ownership rules and provisionally agreeing a \u00a3400,000 contract. Following the Daily Telegraph investigation, Allardyce resigned as England manager in a mutual agreement with the Football Association on 27 September.", "Q221949": "Redbelt is a 2008 American martial arts film written and directed by David Mamet and starring Chiwetel Ejiofor, Tim Allen, Alice Braga, Randy Couture, Ricky Jay, Joe Mantegna, Emily Mortimer, David Paymer, Rebecca Pidgeon, and Rodrigo Santoro. The film also features a number of martial-arts professionals. It opened in wide release in the United States and Canada on May 9, 2008.", "Q3515575": "Tarabya (Burmese: \u1010\u101b\u1016\u103b\u102c\u1038, pronounced [t\u0259\u0279\u0259bj\u00e1] or [t\u0259j\u0259p\u02b0j\u00e1]; 22 December 1368 \u2013 c. 25 November 1400) was king of Ava for about seven months in 1400. He was the heir apparent from 1385 to 1400 during his father King Swa Saw Ke's reign. He was a senior commander in Ava's first three campaigns (1385\u221291) against Hanthawaddy Pegu in the Forty Years' War. He was assassinated seven months into his rule by his one-time tutor, Gov. Thihapate of Tagaung. The court executed the usurper, and gave the throne to Tarabya's half-brother Min Swe.\nTarabya is remembered as the Mintara (Burmese: \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038, IPA: [m\u026a\u0301\u0274 t\u0259j\u00e1]) nat spirit in the Burmese official pantheon of nats.", "Q28085": "Otto Adolf Eichmann ( AHIKH-m\u0259n, German: [\u02c8\u0294\u0254to \u02c8\u0294a\u02d0d\u0254lf \u02c8\u0294a\u026a\u00e7man]; 19 March 1906 \u2013 1 June 1962) was a German-Austrian SS-Obersturmbannf\u00fchrer and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust, referred to as the \"Final Solution to the Jewish Question\" in Nazi terminology. He was tasked by SS-Obergruppenf\u00fchrer Reinhard Heydrich with facilitating and managing the logistics involved in the mass deportation of Jews to ghettos and extermination camps in Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe during World War II. Eichmann was captured by the Mossad in Argentina on 11 May 1960 and subsequently found guilty of war crimes in a widely publicised trial in Jerusalem, where he was executed by hanging in 1962.\nAfter an unremarkable school career, Eichmann briefly worked for his father's mining company in Austria, where the family had moved in 1914. He worked as a travelling oil salesman beginning in 1927, and joined both the Nazi Party and the SS in 1932. He returned to Germany in 1933, where he joined the Sicherheitsdienst (SD, \"Security Service\"); there he was appointed head of the department responsible for Jewish affairs\u2014especially emigration, which the Nazis encouraged through violence and economic pressure. After the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, Eichmann and his staff arranged for Jews to be concentrated in ghettos in major cities with the expectation that they would be transported either farther east or overseas. He also drew up plans for a Jewish reservation, first at Nisko in southeast Poland and later in Madagascar, but neither of these plans were ever carried out.\nThe Nazis began the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, and their Jewish policy changed from emigration to extermination. To co-ordinate planning for the genocide, Heydrich, who was Eichmann's superior, hosted the regime's administrative leaders at the Wannsee Conference on 20 January 1942. Eichmann collected information for him, attended the conference, and prepared the minutes. Eichmann and his staff became responsible for Jewish deportations to extermination camps, where the victims were gassed. Germany invaded Hungary in March 1944, and Eichmann oversaw the deportation of much of the Jewish population. Most of the victims were sent to Auschwitz concentration camp, where about 75 per cent were murdered upon arrival. By the time that the transports were stopped in July 1944, 437,000 of Hungary's 725,000 Jews had been killed. Dieter Wisliceny testified at Nuremberg that Eichmann told him he would \"leap laughing into the grave because the feeling that he had five million people on his conscience would be for him a source of extraordinary satisfaction\".After Germany's defeat in 1945, Eichmann was captured by US forces, but escaped from a detention camp and moved around Germany to avoid re-capture. He ended up in a small village in Lower Saxony, where he lived until 1950, when he moved to Argentina using false papers he obtained with help from an organisation directed by Catholic bishop Alois Hudal. Information collected by the Mossad, Israel's intelligence agency, confirmed his location in 1960. A team of Mossad and Shin Bet agents captured Eichmann and brought him to Israel to stand trial on 15 criminal charges, including war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against the Jewish people. During the trial, he did not deny the Holocaust or his role in organising it, but claimed that he was simply following orders in a totalitarian F\u00fchrerprinzip system. He was found guilty on all of the charges, and was executed by hanging on 1 June 1962. The trial was widely followed in the media and was later the subject of several books, including Hannah Arendt's Eichmann in Jerusalem, in which Arendt coined the phrase \"the banality of evil\" to describe Eichmann.\n\n", "Q718495": "Leopold Tyrmand (May 16, 1920 \u2013 March 19, 1985) was a Polish novelist, writer and editor. Tyrmand emigrated from Poland to the United States in 1966, and five years later married an American, Mary Ellen Fox. He served as editor of an anti-communist monthly Chronicles of Culture with John A. Howard. Tyrmand died of a heart attack at the age of 64 in Florida.", "Q308459": "Rodney Sturt Taylor (11 January 1930 \u2013 7 January 2015) was an Australian-American actor. He appeared in more than 50 feature films, including The Time Machine (1960), The Birds (1963), One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), 36 Hours (1965), The Glass Bottom Boat (1966), Hotel (1967), Chuka (1967), and The Hell with Heroes (1968).", "Q273941": "Linda Wagenmakers (born 30 November 1975, Arnhem) is a Dutch singer and voice actress. She started her career at 21 playing Kim in the Dutch version of the musical Miss Saigon. She played in the RTL 4 drama series Westenwind, for which she also recorded the song \"Laat me vrij om te gaan\". Wagenmakers voiced the Dutch version of Mulan in the Disney animation movie. And was part of many television shows and events. She was part of the original cast of Rocky over the rainbow playing Maggs and in later versions Dorothy. She was part of Musicals in Ahoy in 2001 singing the role of Kim from Miss Saigon as well as Eponine from Les Miserables.\nShe also represented her country in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000 in Stockholm, with the song \"No Goodbyes\" involving a huge black and white dress designed by Jan Aarntzen She featured in a gospel national theater tour in The Spirit of Joy! \nShe also played the lead role in the Dolly Dots musical Love me just a little bit more as Lisa, an awkward high school girl with a great voice caught in teenage drama. She released a Gospel Album called Full Circle played Sis in the musical Shhh...it happens She played Alex in The Witches of Eastwick working alongside of April Darby [The Bodyguard][and Joke de Kruijf The Phantom of the Opera. She played the witch Caramella at the national tour of Hansel and Gretl for Van Hoorne productions.\nAnd as the Lady of the Lake in the Monty Python musical Spamalot. She returned to the stage as Anastasia in the comedy Fifty shades, the parody for Senf productions. She also was the voice of Tiana, the first African-American Disney Princess for the animated movie Princess and the Frog Alongside her work on stage she started to devote time on coaching other artists vocally and mentally for Vocal Center, and finished the competition in 13th place after the voting. Wagenmakers played the role of Kim in the Dutch version of the musical Miss Saigon. She also sang in the show Musicals in Ahoy.", "Q2124886": "Roosevelt University is a private university with campuses in Chicago, Illinois and Schaumburg, Illinois. Founded in 1945, the university is named in honor of both former President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt.\nThe university enrolls around 6,000 students between its undergraduate and graduate programs. Roosevelt is also home to the Chicago College of Performing Arts. The university's newest academic building, Wabash, is located in The Loop of Downtown Chicago. It is the tallest educational building in Chicago, the second tallest educational building in the United States, and the fourth-largest academic complex in the world.", "Q121067": "Heinz H\u00f6hne (1926 Berlin, Germany - 27 March 2010 in Gro\u00dfhansdorf) was a German journalist and historian who specialized in Nazi and intelligence history.", "Q87128": "Robert Danneberg (23 July 1882, in Vienna \u2013 approx 12 December 1942, in Auschwitz) was an Austrian Jewish politician, a member of the Social Democratic Workers Party of Austria (SDAP\u00d6) and a prominent Austro-Marxist theoretician. Danneberg was one of the architects of Red Vienna and he was killed in the Auschwitz concentration camp in 1942.", "Q109933": "Martin Zeil (born 28 April 1956 in Munich) is a German lawyer and politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP).", "Q1462806": "Oberstdorfer Hammerspitze is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany. The former name was Hammerspitze.", "Q512882": "Joseph Howe, (December 13, 1804 \u2013 June 1, 1873) was a Nova Scotian journalist, politician, public servant, and poet. Howe is often ranked as one of Nova Scotia's most admired politicians and his considerable skills as a journalist and writer have made him a provincial legend.He was born the son of John Howe and Mary Edes at Halifax and inherited from his loyalist father an undying love for Great Britain and her Empire. At age 23, the self-taught but widely read Howe purchased the Novascotian, soon making it into a popular and influential newspaper. He reported extensively on debates in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly and travelled to every part of the province writing about its geography and people. \nIn 1835, Howe was charged with seditious libel, a serious criminal offence, after the Novascotian published a letter attacking Halifax politicians and police for pocketing public money. Howe addressed the jury for more than six hours, citing example after example of civic corruption. The judge called for Howe's conviction, but swayed by his passionate address, jurors acquitted him in what is considered a landmark case in the struggle for a free press in Canada.The next year, Howe was elected to the assembly as a liberal reformer, beginning a long and eventful public career. He was instrumental in helping Nova Scotia become the first British colony to win responsible government in 1848. He served as premier of Nova Scotia from 1860 to 1863 and led the unsuccessful fight against Canadian Confederation from 1866 to 1868. Having failed to persuade the British to repeal Confederation, Howe joined the federal cabinet of John A. Macdonald in 1869 and played a major role in bringing Manitoba into the union. Howe became the third Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia in 1873, but died after only three weeks in office.\n\n", "Q4420233": "Larisa Sinelshchikova (Russian: \u041b\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430; born February 10, 1963, Psebay, Krasnodar Krai) is a Russian media manager and producer. She is a member of the Academy of Russian Television and a laureate of TEFI \u2014 Russian National TV award.\n\n", "Q12325": "James Buchanan Jr. (; April 23, 1791 \u2013 June 1, 1868) served as the 15th president of the United States from 1857 to 1861, serving directly prior to the American Civil War. A member of the Democratic Party for much of his career, Buchanan served as Secretary of State and represented Pennsylvania in both houses of the U.S. Congress before becoming President.\nBorn in Cove Gap, Pennsylvania, Buchanan became a prominent lawyer and won election to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives as a Federalist. In 1820, he won election to the U.S. House of Representatives, aligning with Andrew Jackson's Democratic Party. He served as Jackson's Minister to Russia, then won election as a U.S. senator from Pennsylvania. In 1845, he was appointed to serve as President James K. Polk's Secretary of State. He was a major contender for his party's presidential nomination throughout the 1840s and 1850s and was finally nominated in 1856, defeating incumbent President Franklin Pierce and Senator Stephen A. Douglas at the 1856 Democratic National Convention. Buchanan and running mate John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky defeated Republican John C. Fr\u00e9mont and Know-Nothing former president Millard Fillmore to win the 1856 presidential election.\nPresident Buchanan supported the Dred Scott decision and joined with Southern leaders in attempting to admit Kansas to the Union as a slave state under the Lecompton Constitution. In the process, he angered Republicans and alienated many Northern Democrats. Buchanan held to his pledge to serve only one term and supported Breckinridge's unsuccessful candidacy in the 1860 presidential election. Several Southern states seceded from the U.S. after Republican Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 election, and the American Civil War began just weeks after Buchanan left office. Historians fault him for his failure to address the issue of slavery and the secession of the Southern states, and generally consider him to be one of the worst presidents in U.S. history.", "Q8528": "Rems-Murr is a Landkreis (district) in the middle of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Heilbronn, Schw\u00e4bisch Hall, Ostalbkreis, G\u00f6ppingen, Esslingen, the district-free city Stuttgart and the district Ludwigsburg.", "Q57679": "Oswald Ludwig Pohl listen (30 June 1892 \u2013 7 June 1951) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. As the head of the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office and the head administrator of the Nazi concentration camps, he was a key figure in the Final Solution, the genocide of the European Jews.\nAfter the war, Pohl went into hiding; he was apprehended in 1946. Pohl stood trial in 1947 in the Pohl Trial, was convicted of crimes against humanity, and sentenced to death. After repeatedly appealing his case, he was executed by hanging in 1951.", "Q708876": "Arthur Claude Ruge (pronounced ROO-gee) (July 28, 1905 \u2013 April 3, 2000) was an American mechanical engineer and inventor who developed and pioneered the modern bonded wire resistance strain gauge.\n\n", "Q924013": "George von Lengerke Meyer (June 24, 1858 \u2013 March 9, 1918) was a Massachusetts businessman and politician who served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, as United States ambassador to Italy and Russia, as United States Postmaster General from 1907 to 1909 during the administration of President Theodore Roosevelt and United States Secretary of the Navy from 1909 to 1913 during the administration of President William Howard Taft.\n\n", "Q1468495": "William Roy \"wiL\" Francis (aka William Control) (born January 8, 1982 in Kent, Washington) is an American rock musician, record producer, author, and artist. He came to prominence as the lead vocalist and principal songwriter of the horror punk band Aiden. He has also released four albums (Hate Culture, Noir, Silentium Amoris, and The Neuromancer) under the name William Control, featuring a synthesizer driven darkwave, synthpop style, as well as 2 live albums (Live In London Town and Babylon, 2 acoustic albums (Skeleton Strings and Skeleton Strings 2), an EP (Novus Ordo Seclorum), and a remix album (Remix). The fifth album, Revelations, has been split into 4 EPs: The Pale EP (October 2016), The Black EP (February 2017), and The Red EP (July 2017) and The White EP (November 2017). Francis also acts as producer to bands such as Fearless Vampire Killers, A Midnight Tragedy and Ashestoangels, as well as producing his own William Control and Aiden music, and formed his own record label, Control Records. In May 2009, Kerrang! called Francis \"one of the most enigmatic and talismanic frontmen in rock music today.\"In June 2018, Francis temporarily ceased production on new works and closed Control Records due to allegations from multiple women of sexual assault and grooming.", "Q69797": "Gorduno is a former municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.", "Q2063267": "Tully Marshall (born William Phillips; April 10, 1864 \u2013 March 10, 1943) was an American character actor. He had nearly a quarter century of theatrical experience before his debut film appearance in 1914.", "Q267934": "Helene von Bolv\u00e1ry (born Ilona Frakn\u00f3i; 1892\u20131943) was a Hungarian actress. She was the wife of the film director G\u00e9za von Bolv\u00e1ry.", "Q256531": "Iman (born Zara Mohamed Abdulmajid; Somali: Zara Maxamed Cabdulmajiid; 25 July 1955) is a Somali fashion model, actress and entrepreneur. A former muse of designers Gianni Versace, Halston, Calvin Klein, Donna Karan and Yves Saint Laurent, she is also noted for her philanthropic work. She is the widow of English rock musician David Bowie, whom she married in 1992.", "Q1670276": "William Sebastian \"Sabby\" Lewis (November 1, 1914 in Middleburgh, North Carolina \u2013 July 9, 1994) was a jazz pianist, band leader, and arranger.", "Q285769": "Clifton Ko (Chinese: \u9ad8\u5fd7\u68ee; pinyin: G\u0101o Zh\u00ecs\u0113n; born 1958) is a Hong Kong film director, actor, producer and scriptwriter. He graduated from Kwun Tong Maryknoll College, and entered TV and film industry in late 1970s, firstly worked with director Clifford Choi. In this period he wrote Choi's No U-Turn (1981) and Teenage Dreamers (Chinese: \u6ab8\u6aac\u53ef\u6a02; pinyin: Ningmeng Kele; Jyutping: Ling mung hoh lok; literally: 'Lemon Cola'), and John Woo's comedy Once a Thief. In 1982 Ko entered Raymond Wong's the newly founded Cinema City & Films Co., and directed his first film The Happy Ghost in 1984. The film series, like all his major works, is a slapstick comedy with moral teaching, family value, and optimism. Ko, together the company, is prolific in making \"Chinese New Year movies\". Important titles include family comedy series It's a Mad, Mad, Mad World (beginning in 1987); Chicken and Duck Talk, a collaboration with comedian/writer Michael Hui; and ensemble comedy series All's Well, Ends Well (beginning in 1992); and It's a Wonderful Life (1994) (Stokes).", "Q67962": "Tegna is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The municipalities of Cavigliano, Tegna and Verscio merged on 14 April 2013 into the new municipality of Terre di Pedemonte.", "Q59654": "Jens Isak de Lange Kobro (20 August 1882 \u2013 14 May 1967) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party. He was Minister of Defence 1933\u20131935.", "Q1273588": "Elmer T. (Ted) Klassen (November 6, 1908 \u2013 March 6, 1990) served as the United States Postmaster General from January 1, 1972 to February 16, 1975.In 1971 Mr. Klassen became the first Postmaster General named by the Postal Service's Board of Governors, rather than the President, under new Federal legislation. He became the 60th Postmaster General on January 1, 1972, serving until February 16, 1975, when he retired and moved to Palm Harbor. From January 22, 1969 to December 31, 1971, he had been Deputy Postmaster General.\nKlassen played a major role in shaping the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970, which took the Post Office Department from under the control of a Cabinet-level officer and made it an independent agency in the executive branch. He was instrumental in negotiating a contract between the United States Postal Service and the representatives of seven postal unions, with about 600,000 members, in July 1971.\nAt the time of his retirement, the Postal Service was under criticism by members of Congress and others because of financial and organizational problems and higher rates. Mr. Klassen came in for his share of the criticism, in particular from Jack Anderson, the syndicated newspaper columnist, who took issue over contracts awarded by the Postal Service.Klassen was born in Hillsboro, Kansas, and was raised in California; he began his career at American Can in 1925 as a messenger in the San Francisco plant. On April 28, 1965, he became president of the company, which later became the Primerica Corporation. Klassen never attended college; his only formal education beyond high school was advanced management training at Harvard University in 1954. In 1968 Klassen unexpectedly resigned his in a dispute with the chairman of American Can.", "Q662463": "Bolt Thrower were a British death metal band from Coventry, England. They formed in 1986 and released their first album with Vinyl Solution in 1988. The band then shifted to a new record label, Earache Records, soon becoming one of the best selling bands on that label. Their last label was Metal Blade Records. The band had a succession of members, and had toured Europe, the United States, and Australia. Over the course of their 30-year career, Bolt Thrower released eight studio albums, three EPs, one live album, two compilation albums and two demos. On 14 September 2016 the band announced that they were breaking up, following the death of drummer Martin Kearns exactly a year earlier.", "Q198780": "Bertrand of Orl\u00e9ans-Braganza (born 2 February 1941, Mandelieu-la-Napoule, Vichy France) is a member of the Imperial House of Brazil. According to the disputed claims of the Vassouras branch of the family, he is first in the line of succession to the defunct Brazilian throne, and as such is the current claimant of the title of Prince Imperial of Brazil. Bertrand is also related to the House of Braganza and the House of Orl\u00e9ans (Orleanist claimants), both by his father's lineage, and to the House of Wittelsbach by his mother's lineage.", "Q246722": "Victor Olegovich Pelevin (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0438\u043d, IPA: [\u02c8v\u02b2ikt\u0259r \u0250\u02c8l\u02b2\u025b\u0261\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 p\u02b2\u026a\u02c8l\u02b2ev\u02b2\u026an], born 22 November 1962) is a Russian fiction writer, the author of novels Omon Ra, Chapayev and Void, and Generation P. He is a laureate of multiple literary awards including the Russian Little Booker Prize (1993) and the Russian National Bestseller (2004). His books are multi-layered postmodernist texts fusing elements of pop culture and esoteric philosophies while carrying conventions of the science fiction genre. Some critics relate his prose to the New Sincerity literary movement.", "Q335900": "Passage West is a 1951 American Technicolor Western film directed by Lewis R. Foster starring John Payne, Dennis O'Keefe and Arleen Whelan.", "Q6709060": "Lynn Hershman Leeson (born Cleveland, Ohio, US, 1941) is an American artist and filmmaker. Her work combines art with social commentary, particularly on the relationship between people and technology. Leeson's work in media-based technology helped legitimize digital art forms.\n\n", "Q4710348": "Albert Grant (18 November 1831 \u2013 30 August 1899) (born Abraham Gottheimer); Baron Grant in the nobility of Italy, was an Irish-born British company promoter and Conservative politician, unseated in 1874 for election offences.", "Q1683498": "Jaribu Abdurahman Shahid (born Glenn Henderson, September 11, 1955, Detroit) is an American jazz bassist. He plays both double-bass and electric bass.\nShahid played in the band Griot Galaxy with Faruq Z. Bey in the 1970s, and became the ensemble's leader when Bey fell into a coma in 1984 after a motorcycle crash. Shahid continued leading the group in the 1990s. He was associated with the Creative Arts Collective and played in this capacity with Muhal Richard Abrams, Anthony Braxton, and Roscoe Mitchell. He played with Sun Ra in 1978 and worked extensively with Mitchell in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as with Geri Allen and James Carter. He joined the Art Ensemble of Chicago in 2004.", "Q92525": "Gottfried Wilhelm Becker (February 22, 1778 in Leipzig \u2013 January 17, 1854 in Leipzig) was a German physician and writer.", "Q173721": "Milt Fankhouser (29 October 1915 in New York City \u2013 26 February 1970 in Santa Barbara, California) was an American racecar driver.", "Q711499": "Grant Vernon Hart (March 18, 1961 \u2013 September 13, 2017) was an American musician, best known as the drummer and co-songwriter for the alternative rock and hardcore punk band H\u00fcsker D\u00fc. After the band's breakup in 1988, he released his first solo album Intolerance before forming the alternative rock trio Nova Mob, where he moved to vocals and guitar. His solo career became his main focus after the dissolution of Nova Mob in 1997.\nAs the co-songwriter of H\u00fcsker D\u00fc, Hart's songs (such as \"The Girl Who Lives on Heaven Hill\" and \"Turn on the News\") received praise from critics and contemporaries. His vocal style, in contrast to that of H\u00fcsker D\u00fc bandmate Bob Mould, had a more measured and melodic delivery. His choice of lyrical themes, which ranged from teenage alienation in \"Standing by the Sea\" and the depiction of a murder in \"Diane,\" to playful story-telling in \"Books About UFOs,\" helped to expand the subject matter of hardcore punk.\nHart died on September 13, 2017 of complications from liver cancer and Hepatitis C.", "Q302174": "I Know What You Did Last Summer is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Jim Gillespie, written by Kevin Williamson, and starring Jennifer Love Hewitt, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Ryan Phillippe, and Freddie Prinze Jr.. It is loosely based on the 1973 novel of the same name by Lois Duncan and is the first installment in I Know What You Did Last Summer trilogy. The film centers on four young friends who are stalked by a hook-wielding killer one year after covering up a car accident in which they killed a man. The film also draws inspiration from the urban legend known as the Hook, and the 1980s slasher films Prom Night (1980), and The House on Sorority Row (1982).\nAfter having written Scream (released the year prior), Williamson was approached to adapt Duncan's source novel by producer Erik Feig. Where Williamson's screenplay for Scream contained prominent elements of satire and self-referentiality, his adaptation of I Know What You Did Last Summer reworked the novel's central plot to resemble a straightforward 1980s-era slasher film.Shot on location in California and North Carolina in the spring of 1997, I Know What You Did Last Summer was released theatrically on October 17, 1997. It received mixed reviews from critics but was commercially successful, grossing $125 million worldwide on a budget of $17 million, and remaining number 1 at the U.S. box office for three consecutive weeks. It was also nominated for and won multiple awards.The film was followed by two sequels, I Still Know What You Did Last Summer (1998) and I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer (2006). I Know What You Did Last Summer has also been parodied and referenced in popular culture, and credited alongside Scream with revitalizing the slasher genre in the 1990s.", "Q271830": "The Third Man is a 1949 British film noir directed by Carol Reed, written by Graham Greene, and starring Joseph Cotten, Alida Valli, Orson Welles, and Trevor Howard. Set in postwar Vienna, the film centres on American Holly Martins (Cotton), who arrives in the city to accept a job with his friend Harry Lime (Welles), only to learn that Lime has died. Viewing his death as suspicious, Martins elects to stay in Vienna and investigate the matter.\nThe atmospheric use of black-and-white expressionist cinematography by Robert Krasker, with harsh lighting and distorted \"Dutch angle\" camera technique, is a major feature of The Third Man. Combined with the iconic theme music, seedy locations and acclaimed performances from the cast, the style evokes the atmosphere of an exhausted, cynical post-war Vienna at the start of the Cold War.\nGreene wrote the novella of the same name as preparation for the screenplay. Anton Karas wrote and performed the score, which featured only the zither. The title music \"The Third Man Theme\" topped the international music charts in 1950, bringing the previously unknown performer international fame; the theme would also inspire Nino Rota's principal melody in La Dolce Vita (1960). The Third Man is considered one of the greatest films of all time, celebrated for its acting, musical score and atmospheric cinematography.In 1999, the British Film Institute voted The Third Man the greatest British film of all time. In 2011 a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for Time Out magazine saw it ranked the second best British film ever.", "Q632532": "Noah's Ark is a 1999 American television miniseries directed by John Irvin and starring Jon Voight, Mary Steenburgen, F. Murray Abraham, Carol Kane, Jonathan Cake, Alexis Denisof, Emily Mortimer, Sydney Tamiia Poitier, and James Coburn. The film tells the Biblical story of Noah's Ark from the Book of Genesis. It was initially televised in the United States, that same year, was also televised in Canada, Germany and Portugal, among other countries.", "Q71866": "August Wilhelm Miete (born 1 November 1908 \u2013 1987) was an SS functionary of Nazi Germany. He worked at the Grafeneck and Hadamar Euthanasia Centres, and then at Treblinka extermination camp. Miete was arrested in 1960 and tried in West Germany for participating in the mass murder of at least 300,000 people; in 1965, he was found guilty and sentenced to the maximum penalty, life imprisonment.", "Q739315": "Vladimir Olegovich Potanin (\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d in Russian; born 3 January 1961) is a Russian billionaire, entrepreneur and oligarch. He acquired his wealth notably through the controversial loans-for-shares program in Russia in the early to mid-1990s.He is one of the wealthiest men in Russia, with an estimated net worth of $19.1 billion, ranking 58th on the 2019 Forbes The World's Billionaires list, and 6th in Russia. His long-term business partner was Mikhail Prokhorov until they decided to split in 2007. Subsequently, they put their mutual assets in a holding company, Folletina Trading, until their asset division was agreed upon.In January 2018, Potanin appeared on the US Treasury\u2019s \u201cPutin list\u201d of 210 individuals closely associated with Russian president Vladimir Putin.In July 2018, the FBI announced that ByteGrid, a data solutions provider contracted to store Maryland State Board of Elections data, was owned by a private equity firm in which Potanin is an investor. A retroactive investigative report issued by the US Department of Homeland Security's National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center found no indication that the MDSBE corporate network had been compromised. The contract has since been transferred to Intelishift as a precaution.\n\n", "Q12243051": "Mishari bin Abdulaziz (1932 \u2013 23 May 2000) was a senior member of the House of Saud.", "Q360097": "Fran\u00e7ois Coignet (10 February 1814 \u2013 30 October 1888) was a French industrialist of the nineteenth century. He was a pioneer in the development of structural prefabricated and reinforced concrete. Coignet was the first to use iron-reinforced concrete as a technique for constructing building structures.\n\n", "Q370284": "Nelson Dingley Jr. (February 15, 1832 \u2013 January 13, 1899) was a journalist and politician from the U.S. state of Maine.\nDingley was born in Durham, Maine and attended the common schools at Unity, Maine and Waterville College (now Colby College). He graduated from Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, in 1855, where he was a founding member of the Psi Epsilon Chapter of the Zeta Psi Fraternity. He then studied law, received an LL.D. from Bates College, and was admitted to the bar in 1856. However, he never practiced law and instead became proprietor and editor of the Lewiston, Maine Journal, holding this post for more than twenty years. He was a member of the Maine House of Representatives 1862\u201365, 1868, and again in 1873, serving as speaker in 1863 and 1864. He was the 34th Governor of Maine in 1874 and a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1876 and 1880.\nDingley was elected as a Republican to the 47th Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William P. Frye. He was then reelected to the 48th and to the seven succeeding Congresses, serving from September 12, 1881, until his death in Washington, D.C., before the close of the 55th Congress. Reputedly \"destitute of humor but soundly versed in finance\", Dingley was chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means in the 54th and 55th Congresses. The tariff schedule of 1897, known as the Dingley Tariff, was framed under his direction to counter the lower rates set forth in the 1894 Democratic Wilson\u2013Gorman Tariff Act. The Dingley Tariff raised tariff rates and granted the President authority to invoke reciprocity when negotiating trade treaties.\nDingley had been reelected to the 56th Congress and was succeeded by Charles E. Littlefield upon his death in Washington, D.C. on January 13, 1899. He is interred in Oak Hill Cemetery, near Auburn, Maine.\n\n", "Q90332": "Andreas Bolek (3 May 1894 in Weinbergen near Lemberg \u2013 5 May 1945 in Magdeburg) was an Austrian politician and a leader in the Nazi Party (NSDAP).In 1914 he went as an Austrian volunteer in the First World War. In 1919 he returned to Linz, where he married and later had four daughters. In 1923 he took a job at the Linz \"Electricity and Streetcar Company (ESG). In the same year he also joined the Nazi party, and as a former combat officer he could soon be promoted to a local SA leader.\nAfter the Austrian National Socialists in 1926 mainly assumed the leadership of Adolf Hitler, Bolek was designated as the Deputy \"Gauleiter\" of Upper Austria. When Alfred Proksch, the Gauleiter, was appointed in 1927 as Deputy Country Director, Bolek was promoted to the top of the regional administration. In 1932 he was Chairman of NS Group, the Council of the City of Linz, but in the following year, the Nazi party was banned by the Austrian government. Bolek set off across the German border and began working out of Munich and Passau. While Bolek first resided in Hacklberg at the Danube, he also agitated masses along the Inn River.In the same year he was naturalized in the German Reich. In March 1936 he became a Reichstag representative for the constituency of Hessen. A year later he joined the SS and was a SS-Brigade leader. On 1 December 1937 he was entrusted with the management of the body of the police chief of Magdeburg, a position which from 7 November 1938 fully occupied. He has been appointed yet to SS leaders in the SD main office and in 1939 he became an honorary member of the People's Court for a period of 5 years. In 1942 he was appointed to a SS-group leader with high honors from the Nazis.\nIn April 1945, the Allies occupied Magdeburg on the western banks of the Elbe on 5 May 1945, Soviet troops invaded in Magdeburg on the eastern bank of the Elbe, whereupon Andreas Bolek was shot.", "Q347428": "Jun Matsumoto (\u677e\u672c \u6f64, Matsumoto Jun, born August 30, 1983), often called by the portmanteau nickname MatsuJun (\u677e\u6f64), is a Japanese singer, actor, radio host, concertmaster, dancer and model. He is a member of the boy band Arashi, and produces Arashi's concerts. He invented the moving stage in 2005 which has been subsequently used by several Asian musical acts. He is best known to Japanese television drama audiences for his portrayal as Tsukasa D\u014dmy\u014dji in the Hana Yori Dango series, in which he won GQ Japan's Man of the Year Award under the singer/actor category for his work in the drama.Matsumoto began his career in the entertainment industry when he joined the Japanese talent agency Johnny & Associates in 1996 at the age of 12. Prior to his debut as a singer with Arashi in 1999, Matsumoto started an acting career when he was cast as Teddy Duchamp for the stage play Stand by Me, which was based on the film of the same name. Since then, he has gone on to appear in numerous dramas and movies, receiving a number of awards and nominations for his roles.", "Q534845": "Takushoku University (\u62d3\u6b96 \u5927\u5b66; Takushoku Daigaku, abbreviated as \u62d3\u5927 Takudai) is a private university in Japan. It was founded in 1900 by Duke Taro Katsura (1848\u20131913). It is in Tokyo and has two campuses: the main campus in the Bunky\u014d district and a satellite campus in Hachi\u014dji city. Takushoku University has five faculties: Commerce, Political Science and Economics, Foreign Languages, International Studies, and Engineering.Takushoku University is a leading university of security studies in Japan.\nThe current chancellor is a former Minister of Defense, Satoshi Morimoto. Past chancellors include former prime ministers, such as Taro Katsura and Yasuhiro Nakasone.", "Q447101": "Pauline Matthews (born 6 March 1947), better known by her stage name Kiki Dee, is an English singer born in Little Horton, Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire. Known for her blue-eyed soul vocals, she was the first female singer from the UK to sign with Motown\u2019s Tamla Records.Dee is best known for her 1974 hit \"I've Got the Music in Me\" and \"Don't Go Breaking My Heart\", her 1976 duet with Elton John, which went to Number 1 both in the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. In 1993 she performed another duet with Elton John for his Duets album, a cover version of Cole Porter's \"True Love\", which reached No. 2 in the UK. During her career, she has released 40 singles, three EPs and 12 albums.", "Q96743": "Felix Fechenbach (28 January 1894 \u2013 7 August 1933) was a German-Jewish journalist, poet and political activist. He served as State-Secretary in the Socialist/Communist regime of Kurt Eisner that overthrew the Bavarian Wittelsbach Monarchy. After its overthrow, he worked as a newspaper editor during the Weimar period. After the Nazi seizure of power, he was arrested and later executed.\nHe was born in Mergentheim, the son of a lower-middle-class family . He took vocational education in W\u00fcrzburg until 1910. Later, he worked in a shoe store. In 1911 he secured work in Frankfurt but was later fired for union-activity and because of a strike he led. From 1912 until 1914 he was a party secretary of the SPD in Munich,he served in World War I was wounded, became a pacifist, later becoming state secretary (1918\u20131919). During World War I he was a pacifist and served as Private Secretary for Kurt Eisner, the prime minister of Bavaria, shortly after the war.Felix Fechenbach was the son of Noe Fechenbach and Rosalie Fenchenbach. He grew up in poverty. He had four brothers called Max, Siegbert, Mortiz, Abraham, and Jackob Fechenbach. His first job was delivering bread with his older brother Abraham in the town of W\u00fcrzburg. His first best friend was called Stoffele, the girl next door. Unfortunately, she died at age 7; every time her name was mentioned, he would burst into tears. He started his very first apprenticeship at age 13 at a shoe store.Felix Fechenbach later married Martha Fechenbach on April 27, 1894, and to Irma Epstein on October 16, 1895 and he had a total of three children. After being killed by an approaching SA commando, on his way to the Dachau concentration camp, his late wife Irma Epstein was able to escape with their children.He was jailed in 1922 for publishing secret diplomatic telegrams while Staats Secretary under Eisner, before the Bavarian Soviet Republic. The decision was a scandal because the court at that time had no standing under the Weimar Constitution. He was pardoned in 1924. He thereafter travelled to Berlin and worked for Kinderfreunde (Friends of Children) and criticised the SPD in his children's stories while still a member of the party.In 1929, he became the editor in chief of the SPD newspaper Volksblatt in Detmold. On 11 March 1933 he was jailed by the new Nazi government for his anti-fascist activities, and was shot on 7 August by members of the SS and SA in a forest between Detmold and Warburg while being transported to the Dachau concentration camp.\nThere are two schools named after Fechenbach: the Felix-Fechenbach Gesamtschule in Leopoldshoehe\nand the Felix-Fechenbach Berufskolleg in Detmold.\nA street in Detmold and in Oerlinghausen was also named after him.\n\n", "Q131512": "A farmer (also called an agriculturer) is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials. The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock. A farmer might own the farmed land or might work as a laborer on land owned by others, but in advanced economies, a farmer is usually a farm owner, while employees of the farm are known as farm workers, or farmhands. However, in the not so distant past, a farmer was a person who promotes or improves the growth of (a plant, crop, etc.) by labor and attention, land or crops or raises animals (as livestock or fish).", "Q290370": "Alexandra Barrese (born April 24, 1981) is an American actress and professional poker player. She is best known for her role as Tracy Billings in The Hangover Trilogy.", "Q1501423": "Gene Victor Parsons (born September 4, 1944 in Morongo Valley, California) is an American drummer, banjo player, guitarist, singer-songwriter, and engineer, best known for his work with the Byrds from 1968 to 1972. Parsons has also released solo albums and played in bands including Nashville West, the Flying Burrito Brothers, and Parsons Green. He is credited with inventing the B-Bender (also known as the StringBender)\u2014a device which allows a guitarist to emulate the sound of a pedal steel guitar\u2014along with guitarist Clarence White. The device is often referred to as the Parsons/White B-Bender, a trademarked name.", "Q32787": "Miroslav Krobot (born 12 November 1951) is a Czech theatre director and film actor. He starred in the film The Man from London, which was entered into the 2007 Cannes Film Festival.\n\n", "Q1292776": "Kevin Schon (born February 7, 1958) is an American actor, voice actor, producer and energy entrepreneur, who is known for his voice-over work in video games, movies and TV shows. He is best known as a voice double for Nathan Lane for animated media, most notably as Timon in the Timon & Pumbaa TV series and in various other Disney related projects.", "Q80135": "Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 , tr. Dmitriy Dmitrievich Shostakovich, pronounced [\u02c8dm\u02b2itr\u02b2\u026aj \u02c8dm\u02b2itr\u02b2\u026aj\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0282\u0259st\u0250\u02c8kov\u02b2\u026at\u0255]; (25 September [O.S. 12 September] 1906 \u2013 9 August 1975) was a Russian composer and pianist. He is regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century, with a unique harmonic language and a historic importance due to his years of work under Stalin.Shostakovich achieved fame in the Soviet Union under the patronage of Soviet chief of staff Mikhail Tukhachevsky, but later had a complex and difficult relationship with the government. Nevertheless, he received accolades and state awards and served in the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR (1947) and the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (from 1962 until his death).\nA polystylist, Shostakovich developed a hybrid voice, combining a variety of different musical techniques into his works. His music is characterized by sharp contrasts, elements of the grotesque, and ambivalent tonality; he was also heavily influenced by the neoclassical style pioneered by Igor Stravinsky, and (especially in his symphonies) by the late Romanticism of Gustav Mahler.\nShostakovich's orchestral works include 15 symphonies and six concerti. His chamber output includes 15 string quartets, a piano quintet, two piano trios, and two pieces for string octet. His solo piano works include two sonatas, an early set of preludes, and a later set of 24 preludes and fugues. Other works include three operas, several song cycles, ballets, and a substantial quantity of film music; especially well known is The Second Waltz, Op. 99, music to the film The First Echelon (1955\u20131956), as well as the suites of music composed for The Gadfly.", "Q946682": "Malcolm John Charles Harbour, CBE (born 19 February 1947), is a British politician who was a Conservative Member of the European Parliament for the West Midlands between 1999 and July 2014. He is a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists Group and the chairman of the Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection.", "Q1031065": "Underdog is an American animated television series that ran from October 3, 1964, to 1973 on the NBC network under the primary sponsorship of General Mills, and continued in syndication until 1973 for a run of 62 episodes.Underdog, Shoeshine Boy's heroic alter ego, appears whenever love interest Sweet Polly Purebred is being victimized by such villains as Simon Bar Sinister or Riff Raff. Underdog nearly always speaks in rhyming couplets, as in \"There's no need to fear, Underdog is here!\" His voice was supplied by Wally Cox.\n\n", "Q636740": "Brent Fitz (born March 27, 1970) is a Canadian-American musician and multi-instrumentalist. In his career, he has worked with Slash, Myles Kennedy, Theory of a Deadman, Alice Cooper, Vince Neil, Union, Gene Simmons, The Guess Who, Brad Whitford from Aerosmith, Derek St. Holmes, Ronnie Montrose, Indigenous, Lamya, Streetheart, Harlequin, and Econoline Crush.\n\n", "Q88569": "Hansi Lang (born 13 January 1955 in Vienna; died 24 August 2008 in Vienna) was an Austrian singer and actor.", "Q319226": "Adventure fiction is fiction that usually presents danger, or gives the reader a sense of excitement.", "Q669244": "St. Peterzell is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.\nIt was an independent municipality until January 1, 2009, when it merged with Brunnadern and Mogelsberg to form the municipality of Neckertal.", "Q1229686": "Peter Mosbacher (1912\u20131977) was a German stage, film and television actor.\n\n", "Q159876": "Julia Kristeva (French: [k\u0281isteva]; Bulgarian: \u042e\u043b\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432\u0430; born 24 June 1941) is a Bulgarian-French philosopher, literary critic, semiotician, psychoanalyst, feminist, and, most recently, novelist, who has lived in France since the mid-1960s. She is now a professor emeritus at the University Paris Diderot. The author of more than 30 books, including Powers of Horror, Tales of Love, Black Sun: Depression and Melancholia, Proust and the Sense of Time, and the trilogy Female Genius, she has been awarded Commander of the Legion of Honor, Commander of the Order of Merit, the Holberg International Memorial Prize, the Hannah Arendt Prize, and the Vision 97 Foundation Prize, awarded by the Havel Foundation.\nKristeva became influential in international critical analysis, cultural studies and feminism after publishing her first book, Semeiotik\u00e8, in 1969. Her sizeable body of work includes books and essays which address intertextuality, the semiotic, and abjection, in the fields of linguistics, literary theory and criticism, psychoanalysis, biography and autobiography, political and cultural analysis, art and art history. She is prominent in structuralist and poststructuralist thought.\nKristeva is also the founder of the Simone de Beauvoir Prize committee.", "Q89677": "Auguste Schmidt, full name, Friederike Wilhelmine Auguste Schmidt, (3 August 1833, Breslau, then Germany now Poland \u2013 10 June 1902, Leipzig, Germany) was a pioneering German feminist, educator, journalist and women's rights activist.", "Q87882": "Hans Hermann Herz (September 23, 1908 \u2013 December 25, 2005) was an American scholar of international relations and law.", "Q535597": "Fedor Vasilievich Tokarev (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043e\u0301\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432; 2 June 1871 [14 June in old Russian calendar] \u2013 6 March 1968) was a Russian weapons designer and deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from 1937 to 1950.\n\n", "Q457306": "David Bruce Cassidy (April 12, 1950 \u2013 November 21, 2017) was an American actor, singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He was best known for his role as Keith Partridge, the son of Shirley Partridge (played by his stepmother, Shirley Jones), in the 1970s musical-sitcom The Partridge Family. This role catapulted Cassidy to teen idol status as a superstar pop singer of the 1970s.", "Q286512": "Jessica Collins (born Jessica Lynn Capogna; April 1, 1971) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying Dinah Lee Mayberry on the ABC soap opera Loving (1991\u20131994) and Avery Bailey Clark on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless (2011\u20132015). She also starred as Meredith Davies on Fox's Tru Calling, and appeared in recurring and guest roles in many other shows.", "Q355038": "Gary Dourdan (born Gary Robert Durdin: December 11, 1966) is an American actor. He is known for portraying Warrick Brown on the television series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and for portraying Shazza Zulu on the television series A Different World.", "Q152923": "Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria (21 August 1858 \u2013 30 January 1889) was the only son and third child of Emperor Franz Joseph I and Elisabeth of Bavaria. He was heir apparent to the throne of Austria-Hungary Empire from birth. In 1889, he died in a suicide pact with his mistress, Baroness Mary Vetsera, at the Mayerling hunting lodge. The ensuing scandal made international headlines. He was named after the first Habsburg King of Germany, Rudolf I, who assumed the throne in 1273.", "Q10240": "Sir Dadabhai Naoroji Dordi (4 September 1825 \u2013 30 June 1917) also known as the \"Grand Old Man of India\" and \"Unofficial Ambassador of India\" was an Indian Parsi scholar, trader and politician who was a Liberal Party member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1892 and 1895, and the first Indian to be a British MP, notwithstanding the Anglo-Indian MP David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre, who was disenfranchised for corruption. Naoroji was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress. His book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India brought attention to the draining of India's wealth into Britain. In it he explained his wealth drain theory. He was also a member of the Second International along with Kautsky and Plekhanov.Dadabhai Naroji's works in the congress are praiseworthy.In 1886,1893 and 1906 ,i.e.,thrice was he elected as the president of INC.\nIn 2014, Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg inaugurated the Dadabhai Naoroji Awards for services to UK-India relations. India Post dedicated stamps to Naoroji in 1963, 1997 and 2017.", "Q3081861": "Francisco Hernando Contreras (1945/1946 \u2013 3 April 2020), known as Paco el Pocero, was a Spanish businessman in the construction industry who developed the project Sese\u00f1a, promising to build 13,500 residences. Following the collapse of the Spanish property bubble, he went to Equatorial Guinea and left his projects unfinished. He died on 3 April 2020 of coronavirus disease 2019.", "Q228789": "Lena Kathren Headey ( LEE-n\u0259 HEE-dee; born 3 October 1973) is an English actress. She is best known for her acclaimed portrayal of Cersei Lannister on the HBO fantasy drama series Game of Thrones (2011\u20132019), for which she has received five Primetime Emmy Award nominations and a Golden Globe Award nomination.\nHeadey made her film debut in the mystery drama Waterland (1992). She continued to work steadily in British and American films and on television, before gaining further recognition with her lead performances in the films The Brothers Grimm (2005) and 300 (2007). Her other film credits include The Remains of the Day (1993), The Jungle Book (1994), Mrs Dalloway (1997), Ripley's Game (2002), Imagine Me & You (2005), Dredd (2012), The Purge (2013), 300: Rise of an Empire (2014), Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (2016), and Fighting with My Family (2019).\nOutside of film, Headey starred as Sarah Connor in the science fiction television series Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles (2008\u20132009). She provided voices for the role-playing video game Risen (2009) and the video game tie-in film Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV (2016), as well as the animated series Danger Mouse (2015\u20132017) and Trollhunters (2017\u20132018), and puppet-animated series The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance (2019).", "Q208459": "Sunnyvale () is a city located in Santa Clara County, California, in Silicon Valley. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 140,095.\nSunnyvale is the 7th most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area and one of the major cities comprising Silicon Valley. It is bordered by portions of San Jose to the north, Moffett Federal Airfield to the northwest, Mountain View to the northwest, Los Altos to the southwest, Cupertino to the south, and Santa Clara to the east. It lies along the historic El Camino Real and Highway 101.\nAs part of California's high-tech area known as Silicon Valley, Sunnyvale is the headquarters location of many technology companies and is a major operating center for many more. It is also home to several aerospace/defense companies. Sunnyvale was also the home to Onizuka Air Force Station, often referred to as \"the Blue Cube\" due to the color and shape of its windowless main building. The facility, previously known as Sunnyvale Air Force Station, was named for the deceased Space Shuttle Challenger astronaut Ellison Onizuka. It served as an artificial satellite control facility of the U.S. military until August 2010 and has since been decommissioned and demolished.\nSunnyvale is one of the few U.S. cities to have a single unified Department of Public Safety, where all personnel are trained as firefighters, police officers, and EMTs, so that they can respond to an emergency in any of the three roles.\nLibrary services for the city are provided by the Sunnyvale Public Library, located at the Sunnyvale Civic Center.", "Q7738180": "The Green Man (ISBN 978-0-89733-220-0) is a 1969 novel by British author Kingsley Amis. A Times Literary Supplement reviewer described The Green Man as \"three genres of novel in one\": ghost story, moral fable, and comic novel. The novel reflects Amis's willingness to experiment with genre novels (e.g., The Alteration (science fiction/alternate history), or Colonel Sun: (A James Bond Adventure) while displaying many of the characteristics of his conventional novels, both in superficial aspects such as fogeyishness and problems with alcohol, and in more substantive aspects such as a self-reflective observation of human cruelty and selfishness in everyday relations.", "Q491235": "Anders Paulrud (14 May 1951 \u2013 6 January 2008) was a Swedish writer and journalist, born in Karlskrona. He died of lung cancer in January 2008.", "Q1909384": "The Mattequartier is a historic section in the Old City of Bern in Bern, Switzerland.\nThe first expansion of Bern occurred as the city was founded in 1191. The central and oldest neighbourhood was known as the Z\u00e4hringerstadt (Z\u00e4hringer town) after the founder, Duke Berthold V of Z\u00e4hringen. While the Z\u00e4hringerstadt grew, the area below the Z\u00e4hringerstadt along the banks of the Aare river developed into the Mattequartier.Situated in the southeast of the Aare peninsula, the Mattequartier, together with the Nydegg, constitute medieval Bern's smallest neighbourhoods. Workshops and mercantile activity prevailed in this area, and medieval sources tell of numerous complaints about the ceaseless and apparently nerve-wracking noise of machinery, carts and commerce. The Matte area at the riverside features three artificial channels, through which Aare water was diverted to power three city-owned watermills built in 1360. In the early 20th century, a small hydroelectric plant was built in that location. Nearby, the busy Schiffl\u00e4ndte (ship landing-place) allowed for the reloading of goods transported by boat up and down the river.", "Q50664": "Markus S\u00f6der (born 5 January 1967) is a German politician serving as Minister President of Bavaria since 2018 and Leader of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) since 2019.", "Q271824": "Richard Horatio Edgar Wallace (1 April 1875 \u2013 10 February 1932) was an English writer.\nBorn into poverty as an illegitimate London child, Wallace left school at the age of 12. He joined the army at age 21 and was a war correspondent during the Second Boer War, for Reuters and the Daily Mail. Struggling with debt, he left South Africa, returned to London, and began writing thrillers to raise income, publishing books including The Four Just Men (1905). Drawing on his time as a reporter in the Congo, covering the Belgian atrocities, Wallace serialised short stories in magazines such as The Windsor Magazine and later published collections such as Sanders of the River (1911). He signed with Hodder and Stoughton in 1921 and became an internationally recognised author.\nAfter an unsuccessful bid to stand as Liberal MP for Blackpool (as one of David Lloyd George's Independent Liberals) in the 1931 general election, Wallace moved to Hollywood, where he worked as a script writer for RKO. He died suddenly from undiagnosed diabetes, during the initial drafting of King Kong (1933).\nWallace was such a prolific writer that one of his publishers claimed that a quarter of all books in England were written by him. As well as journalism, Wallace wrote screen plays, poetry, historical non-fiction, 18 stage plays, 957 short stories, and over 170 novels, 12 in 1929 alone. More than 160 films have been made of Wallace's work. As well as the creation of King Kong, he is remembered as a writer of 'the colonial imagination', for the J. G. Reeder detective stories, and for The Green Archer serial. He sold over 50 million copies of his combined works in various editions, and The Economist describes him as \"one of the most prolific thriller writers of [the 20th] century\", although the great majority of his books are out of print in the UK, but are still read in Germany.", "Q180865": "The University of Toronto (U of T or UToronto) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution of higher learning in the colony of Upper Canada. Originally controlled by the Church of England, the university assumed its present name in 1850 upon becoming a secular institution. As a collegiate university, it comprises eleven colleges each with substantial autonomy on financial and institutional affairs and significant differences in character and history. The university also operates two satellite campuses located in Scarborough and Mississauga.\nAcademically, the University of Toronto is noted for influential movements and curricula in literary criticism and communication theory, known collectively as the Toronto School. The university was the birthplace of insulin and stem cell research, and was the site of the first practical electron microscope, the development of deep learning, multi-touch technology, the identification of the first black hole Cygnus X-1, and the development of the theory of NP-completeness. It receives the most annual scientific research funding of any Canadian university and is one of two members of the Association of American Universities outside the United States, the other being McGill University.The Varsity Blues are the athletic teams that represent the university in intercollegiate league matches, with long and storied ties to gridiron football, rowing and ice hockey. The earliest recorded college football game was played in the University of Toronto's University College in the early 1860s. The university's Hart House is an early example of the North American student centre, simultaneously serving cultural, intellectual, and recreational interests within its large Gothic-revival complex.\nThe University of Toronto has educated three Governors General of Canada, four Prime Ministers of Canada, three foreign leaders, and fourteen Justices of the Supreme Court. As of March 2019, ten Nobel laureates, five Turing Award winners, 94 Rhodes Scholars, and one Fields Medalist have been affiliated with the university.\n\n", "Q353449": "Serge Alexandrovich Koussevitzky (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439; Sergey Aleksandrovich Kusevitsky; July 26 [O.S. July 14] 1874 \u2013 June 4, 1951) was a Russian-born conductor, composer and double-bassist, known for his long tenure as music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra from 1924 to 1949.", "Q16631": "Piz Segnas is a mountain in the Glarus Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Glarus and Graub\u00fcnden. Piz Sardona is on the same ridge to the north, from where the Trinserhorn or Piz Dolf lies to the southeast. The Tschingelhoerner with the famous Martinsloch (hole of St.Martin) lies to the west, with the Pass dil Segnas between the two mountains.The mountain lies in the municipalities of Flims, in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden, and Glarus S\u00fcd, in the canton of Glarus. The nearest settlements are the villages of Flims, to the south, and Elm, to the west. A path crosses the Pass dil Segnas between the two villages. The easiest access to the area is an aerial cableway to Fil de Cassons from Flims or the hike to this ridge lying southeast of Piz Segnas.On 4 August 2018, a Junkers Ju 52 aircraft, operating a sightseeing flight, crashed into the western flank of the mountain, killing all 20 persons aboard.", "Q29": "Spain (Spanish: Espa\u00f1a [es\u02c8pa\u0272a] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espa\u00f1a), is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pe\u00f1\u00f3n de V\u00e9lez de la Gomera, make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.\nWith an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second-largest country in Western Europe, and the European Union, and is the fourth-largest country by area on the European continent. With a population exceeding 46 million, Spain is the sixth-most populous country in Europe, and the fifth-most populous country in the European Union. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza, M\u00e1laga, and Bilbao.\nModern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly integrate all remaining independent territories in the peninsula, including the Byzantine province of Spania, into the Visigothic Kingdom, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.\nIn the early eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom was conquered by the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, that arrived to the peninsula in the year 711. The Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula (al-Andalus) soon became autonomous from Baghdad. The handful of small Christian pockets in the north left out of Muslim rule, along the presence of the Carolingian Empire near the Pyreneean range, would eventually led to the emergence of the Christian kingdoms of Le\u00f3n, Castile, Aragon, Portugal and Navarre. Along seven centuries, an intermittent southwards expansion of the latter kingdoms (metahistorically dubbed as a reconquest: the Reconquista) took place, culminating with the Christian seizure of the last Muslim polity (the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada) in 1492, the same year Christopher Columbus arrived in the New World. A process of political conglomeration among the Christian kingdoms also ensued, and the late 15th-century saw the dynastic union of Castile and Aragon under the Catholic Monarchs, sometimes considered as the point of emergence of Spain as unified country. The Conquest of Navarre would take in 1512, while the Kingdom of Portugal was also ruled by the Hapsburg Dynasty between 1580 and 1640.\nIn the early modern period, Spain ruled one of the largest empires in history which was also one of the first global empires, leaving a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes over 570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were also many advancements in the arts, with the rise of renowned painters such as Diego Vel\u00e1zquez. The most famous Spanish literary work, Don Quixote, was also published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world's third-largest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.\nSpain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, with King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high income country, with the world's fourteenth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the sixteenth-largest by PPP. It is a member of the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), the Union for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and many other international organisations. While not an official member, Spain has a \"Permanent Invitation\" to the G20 summits, participating in every summit, which makes Spain a de facto member of the group.", "Q144827": "Augusto Pestana (May 22, 1868 \u2013 May 29, 1934) was a Brazilian engineer and politician. Born in Rio de Janeiro, Pestana moved in the late 1880s to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil's southernmost state, where he would become a specialist in railroad engineering and public administration, as well as one of the main leaders of the Riograndense Republican Party (PRR).", "Q270284": "Olivia Blanc (born 1 January 1980), known as Olivia Ruiz, is a French pop singer of partial Spanish descent belonging to the nouvelle chanson genre. She gained fame after reaching the semi-finals of the French Star Academy series in 2001.", "Q1468481": "The University of Deusto (Spanish: Universidad de Deusto; Basque: Deustuko Unibertsitatea) is a Spanish private university owned by the Society of Jesus, with campuses in Bilbao and San Sebasti\u00e1n, and the Deusto Business School branch in Madrid. The University of Deusto is the oldest private university in Spain.", "Q1346255": "John Alexander McGeoch (25 August 1955 \u2013 4 March 2004) was a Scottish pop music guitarist who played with several bands of the post-punk era, including Magazine, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Visage, and Public Image Ltd.\nHe has been described as one of the most influential guitarists of his generation. In 1996 he was listed by Mojo in their \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" for his work on the Siouxsie and the Banshees song \"Spellbound\". Signature characteristics of his playing style included an inventive arpeggios, string harmonics, the uses of flanger and an occasional disregard for conventional scales.\nMusician and producer Steve Albini praised McGeoch for his guitar playing with Magazine and Siouxsie and the Banshees, qualifying as \"great choral swells, great scratches and buzzes, great dissonant noise and great squealy death noise What a guy\" and further commenting: \"anybody can make notes. There's no trick. What is a trick and a good one is to make a guitar do things that don't sound like a guitar at all. The point here is stretching the boundaries\".", "Q1204714": "Pratt Institute is a private university with its main campus in Brooklyn, New York. It has a satellite campus in Manhattan and an extension campus in Utica, New York (Pratt MWP). The school originated in 1887 with programs primarily in engineering, architecture, and fine arts. Comprising six schools, the Institute is primarily known for its highly ranked programs in architecture, interior design, and industrial design, and offers both undergraduate and master's degree programs in a variety of fields, with a strong focus on research.", "Q717942": "Trzebnica (Polish pronunciation: [t\u0282\u025bb\u02c8\u0272it\u0361sa]; German: Trebnitz, Czech: T\u0159ebnice) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Trzebnica County, and of the smaller administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Trzebnica.\nThe town lies within the eastern Trzebnickie Hills in the historic Lower Silesia region, approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the regional capital Wroc\u0142aw. As of 2019, it has a population of 13,331.\nTrzebnica's Sanctuary of St. Jadwiga is one of the historical burial sites of Polish monarchs and consorts.\nIn 2017, the town was the co-host of the World Games (orienteering, middle distance).", "Q92257": "Pola Kinski (born Pola Nakszynski; 23 March 1952) is a German actress. The daughter of the German actor Klaus Kinski, she published her autobiography in 2013.", "Q78856": "Antonio Maria Nicolao Beduzzi (1675\u20131735) was an Austrian-Italian theater engineer, painter, and architect who flourished in Vienna at the turn of the 17th century.\nHe was born in Bologna in 1675. He succeeded Burnacini as the theatre architect at the Court in Vienna in 1708. Among his better known designs are:\n\nThe interior of Melk Abbey for Jakob Prandtauer's baroque reconstruction\nSt. Leopold's Church on Leopoldsberg above Klosterneuburg, near Vienna\nThe cathedral museum of Passau\nVienna's Theater am K\u00e4rntnertor (the site now occupied by Hotel Sacher)\nThe frescos of the Landhaussaal in the Viennese Palais Nieder\u00f6sterreichBeduzzi died in Vienna in 1735.", "Q69783": "M\u00fcnsingen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Trimstein merged into M\u00fcnsingen, and on 1 January 2017 the former municipality of T\u00e4gertschi also merged.The village lies on the River Aare between the cities of Bern and Thun.", "Q256525": "Sarah Jane Steele (born September 16, 1988) is an American actress, best known for her role as Marissa Gold on the CBS legal drama The Good Wife and its spinoff series The Good Fight.\n\n", "Q1636237": "The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters (Danish: Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab) is a Danish non-governmental Science Academy, founded in 1742 for the advancement of science in Denmark. It is based in the Carlsberg Foundation's building at the corner of H. C. Andersens Boulevard and Dantes Plads in central Copenhagen.", "Q189841": "Sir William Randal Cremer (18 March 1828 \u2013 22 July 1908) usually known by his middle name \"Randal\", was an English Liberal Member of Parliament, a pacifist, and a leading advocate for international arbitration. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1903 for his work with the international arbitration movement.\n\n", "Q48995": "Blood, Sweat & Tears is a Canadian-American jazz-rock music group. They are noted for their combination of brass and rock band instrumentation. The group recorded songs by rock/folk songwriters such as Laura Nyro, James Taylor, the Band and the Rolling Stones as well as Billie Holiday and Erik Satie. They also incorporated music from Thelonious Monk and Sergei Prokofiev into their arrangements. \nThey were originally formed in 1967 in New York City. Since their beginnings, the band has gone through numerous iterations with varying personnel and has encompassed a multitude of musical styles. The band is most notable for their fusion of rock, blues, pop music, horn arrangements and jazz improvisation into a hybrid that came to be known as \"jazz-rock\". Unlike \"jazz fusion\" bands, which tend toward virtuosic displays of instrumental facility and some experimentation with electric instruments, the songs of Blood, Sweat & Tears merged the stylings of rock, pop and R&B/soul music with big band, while also adding elements of 20th-century classical and small combo jazz traditions.\n\n", "Q178106": "William Carlos Williams (September 17, 1883 \u2013 March 4, 1963) was an American poet and physician closely associated with modernism and imagism.\nIn addition to his writing, Williams had a long career as a physician practicing both pediatrics and general medicine. He was affiliated with Passaic General Hospital, where he served as the hospital's chief of pediatrics from 1924 until his death. The hospital, which is now known as St. Mary's General Hospital, paid tribute to Williams with a memorial plaque that states, \"We walk the wards that Williams walked\".", "Q177235": "Edward Henry Carson, Baron Carson, PC, PC (Ire) (9 February 1854 \u2013 22 October 1935), from 1900 to 1921 known as Sir Edward Carson, was an Irish unionist politician, barrister and judge. Leader of the Irish Unionist Alliance and Ulster Unionist Party between 1910 and 1921, he also held numerous positions in the Cabinet of the United Kingdom and served as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary. Carson's greatest political achievement was the creation of Northern Ireland. He is also remembered for his open ended cross examination of Oscar Wilde in a legal action that Wilde had brought, but led to him being gaoled and ruined. Carson unsuccessfully attempted to intercede for Wilde after the case.\n\n", "Q242550": "Olivia Jo Thirlby (born October 6, 1986) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Leah in the comedy-drama film Juno (2007), as Natalie in The Darkest Hour (2011) and as Judge Cassandra Anderson in Dredd (2012). In June 2008, Thirlby was described by Vanity Fair as a member of \"Hollywood's New Wave\".", "Q401626": "Amy Rose Locane (born December 19, 1971) is an American television and film actress known for her role in John Waters' 1990 musical comedy Cry-Baby. In 1992, Locane played the role of Sandy Harling in the first season of the prime time soap opera Melrose Place. She also played a role in the 1992 film School Ties as the love interest of Matt Damon and Brendan Fraser.", "Q555505": "Paul Colin (27 June 1892 in Nancy, France \u2013 18 June 1985 in Nogent-sur-Marne) was one of France\u2019s greatest poster artists.\nMade famous in 1925 by his poster for the Revue N\u00e8gre, which helped to launch the career of Josephine Baker (who became his mistress), he worked for over forty years in the theatre, creating not only posters but also numerous sets and costumes.\nVery Art d\u00e9co at the outset, (his Le Tumulte noir is a masterpiece of the genre), his style quickly became highly personal and impossible to categorize: the synthetic accuracy of his portraits, the evocative force of his posters for grand causes so marked him as a master of visual communication that his work today remains relevant and fresh.\nA student of Eug\u00e8ne Vallin and of Victor Prouv\u00e9, he is considered a master of the modern school of poster art. He is the author of over 1400 posters and many theatrical set and costume designs.\nHe was the master of painter Philippe Derome and poster artists duo Lefor-Openo\nAn original vintage poster of singer and Broadway star Adelaide Hall by Paul Colin advertising Blackbirds at the Moulin Rouge in 1929, sold on 2 October 2003 at Swann Auction Galleries in New York for $167,500. The sale signalled a record high for an original Paul Colin poster.", "Q151594": "Mask of Murder is a 1985 Swedish-American film directed by Arne Mattsson, about a serial killer in a small Canadian town.", "Q138522": "John Hill (April 9, 1797 \u2013 April 24, 1861) was a U.S. Representative from North Carolina.\nBorn near Germanton, North Carolina, Hill completed preparatory studies and was graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1816.\nHe was a planter.\nHe served as clerk of court of Stokes County for thirty years.\nHe served as member of the State house of commons 1819-1823.\nHe served in the State senate 1823-1825, 1830, and 1831.\nHill was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1839 \u2013 March 3, 1841).\nReading clerk in the State senate in 1850.\nHe served as delegate to the State constitutional convention at Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1861.\nHe died in Raleigh, North Carolina, April 24, 1861.\nHe was interred in Old Hill Burying Ground, near Germanton, North Carolina.\n\n", "Q4407698": "Saint-Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432) is a university in Saint-Petersburg, one of the biggest preparation and further training centres for specialists in the field of culture and arts, the leader of humanitarian and creative education in Russia.", "Q1964632": "Restless is a 2012 British TV adaptation of William Boyd's espionage novel Restless (2006). Directed by Edward Hall, the film features Hayley Atwell, Rufus Sewell, Michelle Dockery, Michael Gambon and Charlotte Rampling. The two parts first aired on 27 and 28 December 2012 on BBC One.", "Q14998": "Jean Joseph Camille Huysmans (born as Camiel Hansen 26 May 1871 \u2013 25 February 1968) was a Belgian politician.\nHe studied German philology at the University of Li\u00e8ge and was a teacher from 1893 to 1897 while he studied for his doctorate in German philology.\nHuysmans joined the Belgische Werkliedenpartij (BWP), the predecessor of the Belgische Socialistische Partij (BSP) at a young age. He became a journalist for many socialist periodicals until 1904 and was thereafter active in the labour unions.\nBetween 1905 and 1922 Huysmans was secretary of the Second International. In that function he had many contacts with Sun Yat-sen, the leader of the first Chinese revolution, in 1911. His main task was creating an active peace function. At the Socialist Conference in Stockholm in 1917 he pleaded against continuing the war.\nHe was a fighter for the Flemish movement and fought for using Dutch at the University of Ghent. As Minister of Arts and Education he could pave the way for the Dutch language. In 1911 he proposed a bill, drafted by Lodewijk De Raet, together with the Roman Catholic Frans Van Cauwelaert and the liberal Louis Franck for the usage of Dutch at the University of Ghent. However, due to World War I, the University of Ghent would become a Flemish university only in 1930.\nIn World War II he fled to London. He regained the function as secretary between 1939 and 1944, also as acting chairman. After World War II (at age 75) he became the 34th Prime Minister and led a government of socialists, liberals and communists. With an insufficient majority, this government lasted not long. In the next government, he was Minister of Education.\nIn domestic affairs, a raft of progressive reforms were carried out during Huysmans's time as 34th Prime Minister. A Ministerial Order of October 1946 laid down special provisions for safeguarding workers in wire rope factories, while an Order was passed in December 1946 for factories manufacturing sugar and molasses alcohol which contained health and safety provisions. In January 1947, legislation was passed providing for a uniform allowance for the children of disabled workers, and legislative Orders were issued in January and February 1947 providing for the establishment of a National Office for the Co-ordination of Family Allowances. In addition, a legislative Order of the 28th of February 1947 supplemented and amended the provisions of an August 1930 law by extending the scope of family allowances for wage-earners, while another Order issued that same month authorised the National Association for Cheap Housing to raise a loan of one thousand million Belgian francs to contribute towards the costs of a housebuilding programme for miners.He remained very popular until old age. The national tribute for his 80th birthday attracted 100,000 visitors. At the age of 83 he became chairman of the Chamber of Representatives (lower house). He was a freemason, a member of the lodge Les Amis Philanthropes of the Grand Orient of Belgium in Brussels.\nHuysmans is considered a friend of the Jewish people, mainly due to his friendly attitude towards Jewish immigrants in Antwerp in the years 1920\u20131940 and the Zionist movement. Some streets and neighbourhoods in Israel bear his name.", "Q193819": "Vincennes (French pronunciation: \u200b[v\u025b\u0303s\u025bn]) is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 6.7 km (4.2 mi) from the centre of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe.", "Q185048": "Dodsworth is a 1936 American drama film directed by William Wyler, and starring Walter Huston, Ruth Chatterton, Paul Lukas, and Mary Astor. Sidney Howard based the screenplay on his 1934 stage adaptation of the 1929 novel of the same name by Sinclair Lewis. Huston reprised his stage role.\nThe center of the film is a study of a marriage in crisis. Recently retired auto magnate Samuel Dodsworth and his narcissistic wife Fran, while on a grand European tour, discover that they want very different things out of life, straining their marriage.\nThe film was critically praised and nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor for Huston, and Best Director for Wyler (the first of his record twelve nominations in that category), and won for Best Art Direction. Dodsworth was nominated for AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies in 1997 and 2007.", "Q446586": "Brandon Charles Boyd (born February 15, 1976) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, author, and visual artist. He is best known as the lead vocalist of the American rock band Incubus.\n\n", "Q214925": "Heinrich von Staden (1542\u2013?) was a self-proclaimed \"adventurer in Muscovy\" and wrote of his accounts at the court of Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) from 1578-1582.", "Q35765": "Osaka (Japanese: \u5927\u962a\u5e02, Hepburn: \u014csaka-shi, pronounced [o\u02d0saka\u0255i]; commonly just \u5927\u962a, \u014csaka [o\u02d0saka] (listen)) is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital city of Osaka Prefecture and the largest component of the Keihanshin Metropolitan Area, the second largest metropolitan area in Japan and among the largest in the world with more than 20 million inhabitants.\nOsaka was traditionally considered Japan's economic hub. By the Kofun period (300\u2013538) it had developed into an important regional port, and in the 7th and 8th centuries, it served briefly as the imperial capital. Osaka continued to flourish during the Edo period (1603\u20131867) and became known as a center of Japanese culture. Following the Meiji Restoration, Osaka greatly expanded in size and underwent rapid industrialization. In 1889, Osaka was officially established as a municipality.\nToday, Osaka is a major financial center of Japan. It is home to the Osaka Securities Exchange as well as the multinational electronics corporations Panasonic and Sharp. Famous landmarks in Osaka include Osaka Castle - which played a pivotal role in the Siege of Osaka and was featured in the 1980 American television mini-series Shogun - and Shitenn\u014d-ji - the oldest Buddhist temple in Japan.", "Q52926": "Oscar I (4 July 1799 \u2013 8 July 1859) was King of Sweden and Norway from 8 March 1844 until his death. He was the second monarch of the House of Bernadotte.\nThe only child of King Charles XIV & III John, Oscar inherited the thrones upon the death of his father. Throughout his reign he would pursue a liberal course in politics in contrast to Charles XIV, instituting reforms and improving ties between Sweden and Norway. In an address to him in 1857, the Riksdag declared that he had promoted the material prosperity of the kingdom more than any of his predecessors.", "Q182727": "The Crying Game is a 1992 thriller film written and directed by Neil Jordan, produced by Stephen Woolley, and starring Stephen Rea, Miranda Richardson, Jaye Davidson, Adrian Dunbar, and Forest Whitaker. The film explores themes of race, gender, nationality, and sexuality against the backdrop of the Troubles in Northern Ireland.\nThe film is about the experiences of the main character, Fergus (Rea). A member of the IRA, Fergus has a brief but meaningful encounter with a soldier, Jody (Whitaker), who is held prisoner by the group. Fergus later develops an unexpected romantic relationship with Jody's love interest, Dil (Davidson), whom Fergus promised Jody he would protect. However, unexpected events force Fergus to decide what he wants for the future and what his nature dictates he must do.\nA critical and commercial success, The Crying Game won the BAFTA Award for Best British Film as well as the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, alongside Oscar nominations for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor for Rea, Best Supporting Actor for Davidson, and Best Film Editing. In 1999, the British Film Institute named it the 26th-greatest British film of all time.", "Q140472": "Silesians (Silesian German: Schl\u00e4singer or Schl\u00e4sier; Silesian: \u015al\u016fnzoki or \u015al\u014dnzoki; German: Schlesier; Polish: \u015al\u0105zacy; Czech: Slezan\u00e9) is a geographical term for the inhabitants of Silesia, a historical region in Central Europe divided by the current national boundaries of Poland, Germany and the Czech Republic. \nAccording to M.E. Sharpe, Silesians inhabiting Poland are considered to belong to a Polish ethnographic group, and they speak a dialect of Polish. United States Immigration Commission also counted Silesian as one of the dialects of Polish. As a result of German influence, Silesians have been influenced by German culture. Many German Silesians and their descendants who inhabited both Lower and Upper Silesia have been displaced to Germany in 1945-47.\nThere have been some debates on whether or not the Silesians (historically, Upper Silesians) constitute a distinct nation. In modern history, they have often been pressured to declare themselves to be German, Polish or Czech, and use the language of the nation which was in control of Silesia. Nevertheless, 847,000 people declared themselves to be of Silesian nationality in the 2011 Polish national census (including 376,000 who declared it to be their only nationality, 436,000 who declared to be their first nationality, 411,000 who declared to be their second one, and 431,000 who declared joint Silesian and Polish nationality), making them the largest minority group. About 126,000 people declared themselves as members of the German minority (58,000 declared it jointly with Polish nationality), making it the third largest minority group in the country (93% of Germans living in Poland are in the Polish part of Silesia). 12,231 people declared themselves to be of Silesian nationality in the Czech national census of 2011 (44,446 in Czechoslovakia in 1991), and 6,361 people declared joint Silesian and Moravian nationality in the Slovak national census.During the German occupation of Poland, Nazi authorities conducted a census in East Upper Silesia in 1940. At the time, 157,057 people declared Silesian nationality (Slonzaken Volk), and the Silesian language was declared by 288,445 people. However, the Silesian nationality could only be declared in the Cieszyn part of the region. Approximately 400\u2013500,000 respondents from the other areas of East Upper Silesia who declared \"Upper Silesian nationality\" (Oberschlesier) were assigned to the German nationality category. After World War II in Poland, the 1945 census showed a sizable group of people in Upper Silesia who declared Silesian nationality. According to police reports, 22% of people in Zabrze considered themselves to be Silesians, and that number was around 50% in Strzelce County.", "Q183439": "Nikolina Kamenova Dobreva (pronounced [\u02c8nikolin\u0250 \u02c8d\u0254br\u025bv\u0250]; born January 9, 1989), known professionally as Nina Dobrev ( DOH-brev), is a Canadian actress and model. Her first acting role was as Mia Jones in the drama series Degrassi: The Next Generation. She later became known for portraying Elena Gilbert and Katherine Pierce on The CW's supernatural drama series The Vampire Diaries.\nDobrev has also appeared in several feature films, including the 2012 coming-of-age drama The Perks of Being a Wallflower, the 2014 action comedy Let's Be Cops, the 2015 horror comedy The Final Girls, the 2017 action thriller XXX: Return of Xander Cage, and the 2017 science-fiction drama Flatliners.\nShe was born in Bulgaria but immigrated with her family to Canada at age two and grew up in Toronto. She studied sociology at Ryerson University, but left early to pursue her acting career. Dobrev lives in Los Angeles.", "Q957002": "C\u00e2ndido Pl\u00e1cido Fernandes de Oliveira (24 September 1896 \u2013 23 June 1958) was a Portuguese football player, coach, and sports journalist.\nThe trophy Superta\u00e7a C\u00e2ndido de Oliveira is named after him.", "Q128902": "William Pitt the Younger (28 May 1759 \u2013 23 January 1806) was a prominent British Tory statesman of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He became the youngest Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1783 at the age of 24 and the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom as of January 1801. He left office in March 1801, but served as Prime Minister again from 1804 until his death in 1806. He was also Chancellor of the Exchequer for all of his time as Prime Minister. He is known as \"the Younger\" to distinguish him from his father, William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, who is customarily referred to as \"William Pitt the Elder\" (or less commonly, simply \"Chatham\") and had previously served as Prime Minister.\nPitt's prime ministerial tenure, which came during the reign of King George III, was dominated by major political events in Europe, including the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. Pitt, although often referred to as a Tory, or \"new Tory\", called himself an \"independent Whig\" and was generally opposed to the development of a strict partisan political system.\nPitt was regarded as an outstanding administrator who worked for efficiency and reform, bringing in a new generation of outstanding administrators. He increased taxes to pay for the great war against France and cracked down on radicalism. To engage the threat of Irish support for France, he engineered the Acts of Union 1800 and tried (but failed) to secure Catholic emancipation as part of the Union. He created the \"new Toryism\", which revived the Tory Party and enabled it to stay in power for the next quarter-century.\nThe historian Asa Briggs argues that his personality did not endear itself to the British mind, for Pitt was too solitary and too colourless, and too often exuded an attitude of superiority. His greatness came in the war with France. Pitt reacted to become what Lord Minto called \"the Atlas of our reeling globe\". His integrity and industry and his role as defender of a threatened nation allowed him to inspire and access all national reserves of strength. William Wilberforce said, \"For personal purity, disinterestedness and love of this country, I have never known his equal.\" Historian Charles Petrie concludes that he was one of the greatest Prime Ministers \"if on no other ground than that he enabled the country to pass from the old order to the new without any violent upheaval ... He understood the new Britain.\" For this he is ranked highly amongst all British Prime Ministers in multiple surveys.", "Q45282": "Pledis Entertainment (Korean: \ud50c\ub808\ub514\uc2a4 \uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8) is a South Korean entertainment founded by Han Sung-Soo in 2007. The company is home to K-pop artists After School, NU'EST, Bumzu and Seventeen. Its name originates from the pleiades, a star cluster in the constellation Taurus.", "Q1295": "Dortmund (, also UK: , US: , German: [\u02c8d\u0254\u0281tm\u028ant] (listen); Westphalian Low German: D\u00fc\u00f6rpm [\u02c8dy\u02d0\u0153\u0250\u032fpm\u0329]; Latin: Tremonia) is with a population of 603,609 inhabitants as of 2020, the third-largest city of Germany's most populous federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and Germany's eighth-largest city. It is the largest city (by area and population) of the Ruhr, Germany's largest urban area with some 5.1 million inhabitants, as well as the largest city of Westphalia. On the Emscher and Ruhr rivers (tributaries of the Rhine), it lies in the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region and is considered the administrative, commercial, and cultural centre of the eastern Ruhr. Dortmund is the second largest city in the Low German dialect area after Hamburg.\nFounded around 882, Dortmund became an Imperial Free City. Throughout the 13th to 14th centuries, it was the \"chief city\" of the Rhine, Westphalia, the Netherlands Circle of the Hanseatic League. During the Thirty Years' War, the city was destroyed and decreased in significance until the onset of industrialization. The city then became one of Germany's most important coal, steel and beer centres. Dortmund consequently was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II. The devastating bombing raids of 12 March 1945 destroyed 230% of buildings in the inner city center. These bombing raids, with more than 1,110 aircraft, hold the record to a single target in World War II.The region has adapted since the collapse of its century-long steel and coal industries and shifted to high-technology biomedical technology, micro systems technology, and also services. Dortmund was classified as a Node city in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow, ranked among the twelve innovation cities in European Unionand is the most sustainable and digital city in Germany. Other key sectors include retail, leisure and the visitor economy, creative industries and logistic. With its central station and airport, the third-busiest airport in North Rhine-Westphalia, Dortmund is an important transport junction, especially for the surrounding Ruhr area as well as Europe (Benelux countries), and with the largest canal port in Europe it has a connection to important seaports on the North Sea.Dortmund is home to many cultural and educational institutions, including the Technical University of Dortmund and Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts, International School of Management and other educational, cultural and administrative facilities with over 49,000 students, many museums, such as Museum Ostwall, Museum of Art and Cultural History, German Football Museum, as well as theatres and music venues like the Konzerthaus or the Opera House of Dortmund. The city is known as Westphalia's \"green metropolis\". Nearly half the municipal territory consists of waterways, woodland, agriculture and green spaces with spacious parks such as Westfalenpark and Rombergpark. This stands in a stark contrast with nearly a hundred years of extensive coal mining and steel milling in the past.\nDortmund is home to Ballspielverein Borussia 09 e.V. Dortmund, commonly known as Borussia Dortmund, a successful club in German football.\n\n", "Q121098": "Evelyne Kraft (22 September 1951 \u2013 13 January 2009) was a Swiss business woman and former actress. She was best known for her roles in the films Lady Dracula and The Mighty Peking Man.\n\n", "Q101348": "Julius Wilhelm Martin Kaftan (30 September 1848 in Loit, North Schleswig \u2013 27 August 1926, Berlin-Steglitz) was a Germany Protestant theologian.", "Q65152": "Lenk im Simmental (or simply Lenk) is a municipality in the Obersimmental-Saanen administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q113994": "Doris Barnett (born 22 May 1953) is a German politician and member of the SPD.\n\n", "Q102641": "Christian D\u00fcrr (born 18 April 1977 in Delmenhorst) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party.\n\n", "Q122591": "Marie-Aude Murail (born 6 May 1954) is a French children's writer.\nHer father Gerard Murail is a poet and her mother, Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Barrois, a journalist. One of her brothers and her younger sister also write: Lorris Murail and Elvire Murail, aka Moka. The music composer Tristan Murail is her older brother.\nIn 1973, she married Pierre Robert, an INSEE bureaucrat, with whom she had three children, Benjamin (1977), Charles (1987) and Constance (1994).\n\n", "Q69768": "Amriswil is a town and a municipality in Arbon District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland near the Lake Constance.\nThe official language of Amriswil is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q987753": "Edward Lucas (born 3 May 1962) is a British writer and security specialist.", "Q1753322": "The Kingpin (Wilson Fisk) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by Stan Lee and John Romita Sr., and first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #50 (cover-dated July 1967).One of the most feared, dangerous and powerful crime lords in the Marvel Universe by typically holding the position of New York City's crime overlord, he was initially an adversary of Spider-Man, and later went on to become the arch-enemy of Daredevil, as well as a recurring foe of the Punisher. The Kingpin's signature look is his extraordinarily heavyset appearance with most of his mass consisting of muscle while usually wearing a white suit jacket and carrying a cane which he tips with diamonds or other hard substances as necessary to aid in physical combat. The \"Kingpin\" name is a reference to the crimelord title in Mafia slang nomenclature. \nIGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains Of All Time List ranked the Kingpin as number 10. Wilson Fisk has been portrayed by John Rhys-Davies, Michael Clarke Duncan, Vincent D'Onofrio, and voiced by Liev Schreiber in Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.", "Q76648": "Helga Deen (6 April 1925 \u2013 16 July 1943) was a Jewish diarist whose diary was discovered in 2004, which describes her stay in a Dutch prison camp, Kamp Vught, where she was brought during World War II at the age of 18.", "Q302835": "Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-T\u016bs\u012b (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u200e\u200e 18 February 1201 \u2013 26 June 1274), better known as Nasir al-Din Tusi (Persian: \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u200e; or simply Tusi in the West), was a Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian.\nOne of the greatest scientists of medieval Islam, he is often considered the creator of trigonometry as a mathematical discipline in its own right.\nHe was a Twelver Muslim. The Muslim scholar Ibn Khaldun (1332\u20131406) considered Tusi to be the greatest of the later Persian scholars.\n\n", "Q123857": "Christoph Blocher (German pronunciation: [\u02c8kr\u026a\u2060st\u0254\u2060f \u02c8bl\u0254\u2060\u2060x\u0259r]; born 11 October 1940) is a Swiss politician, industrialist, and former member of the Swiss Federal Council heading the Federal Department of Justice and Police (2004\u20132007). He served as vice president of the Swiss People's Party until 24 March 2018. As an industrialist, he became very wealthy as CEO and majority shareholder in the EMS-Chemie corporation, now run by his daughter, Magdalena Martullo-Blocher.A controversial figure, Blocher is known for his role in transforming Swiss politics, shifting it to the right, as well as the Swiss People's Party, which \"developed a eurosceptic and anti-immigration agenda that has shaken up the cozy post-war consensual system prevailing in neutral Switzerland,\" and has become \"the dominant force in national politics.\" In addition, Blocher served as the de facto leader of the SVP and a symbol of the party.", "Q77556": "Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (Wilhelm Friedrich Franz Joseph Christian Olaf; 4 July 1906 \u2013 26 May 1940) was the eldest child of Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany and Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. At his birth, he was second in line to the German throne and was expected to succeed to the throne after the deaths of his grandfather and father, both of whom, however, outlived him.", "Q31503": "Neustadt an der Aisch (officially: Neustadt a.d.Aisch) is a small town of around 12,000 in the northern part of Bavaria (Germany), within the Franconian administrative region Middle Franconia.\nIt is the district town of the district Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim.", "Q85918": "Johannes Peter \"Hans\" Riegel (10 March 1923 \u2013 15 October 2013) was a German entrepreneur who owned and operated the confectioner Haribo since 1946.Born in Bonn, he was the oldest son of the company's founder Hans Riegel, Sr., who invented the gummy bear in 1922. The name of the company, Haribo, comes from the first two letters of his name and where he was from (HANS RIEGEL BONN). After his graduation from the Jesuit boarding school Aloisiuskolleg, he did his doctorate in 1951 at Bonn University with his thesis \"The development of the world sugar industry during and after the Second World War\".In 1953, he was elected first president of the German badminton association (Deutscher Badminton-Verband) after he had won the German championship in the men's doubles. In 1954 and 1955 he won the mixed doubles title. In the same year, he organized the construction of the first indoor badminton court in Germany, called the Haribo-Centre, in Bonn.\nRiegel owned the Jakobsburg Hotel and Golf resort near Boppard in the Rhine Valley in Germany.", "Q1522577": "Gianni Coscia is an Italian jazz accordionist. Originally a lawyer, Coscia began focusing full-time on jazz music. Expresses an interest in developing \"the remote values of cultural and popular tradition through the language of jazz.\" Has toured widely on the international jazz circuit. Of interest: the liner notes to his first CD were written by his former classmate Umberto Eco and he collaborated with Luciano Berio in the writing of the music of a stage show against antisemitism. Since 1995 he has collaborated with wood-player Gianluigi Trovesi mainly on the label ECM Records and since 2006 he has been a member of the Council of the Chigiana Music Academy in Siena.", "Q57686": "Gedeon Burkhard (born 3 July 1969) is a German film and television actor. Although he has appeared in numerous films and TV series in both Europe and the US, he is probably best recognised for his role as Alexander Brandtner in the Austrian/German television series Kommissar Rex (1997\u20132001), which has been aired on television in numerous countries around the world, or as Corporal Wilhelm Wicki in the 2009 film Inglourious Basterds. He is also well recognised for his role as Chris Ritter in the long-running series Alarm f\u00fcr Cobra 11.", "Q315391": "\u00c9tienne-Louis Malus (; French: [malys]; 23 July 1775 \u2013 24 February 1812) was a French officer, engineer, physicist, and mathematician.\nMalus was born in Paris, France. He participated in Napoleon's expedition into Egypt (1798 to 1801) and was a member of the mathematics section of the Institut d'\u00c9gypte. Malus became a member of the Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences in 1810. In 1810 the Royal Society of London awarded him the Rumford Medal.\nHis mathematical work was almost entirely concerned with the study of light. He studied geometric systems called ray systems, closely connected to Julius Pl\u00fccker's line geometry. He conducted experiments to verify Christiaan Huygens's theories of light and rewrote the theory in analytical form. His discovery of the polarization of light by reflection was published in 1809 and his theory of double refraction of light in crystals, in 1810.\nMalus attempted to identify the relationship between the polarising angle of reflection that he had discovered, and the refractive index of the reflecting material. While he deduced the correct relation for water, he was unable to do so for glasses due to the low quality of materials available to him (most glasses at that time showing a variation in refractive index between the surface and the interior of the glass). It was not until 1815 that Sir David Brewster was able to experiment with higher quality glasses and correctly formulate what is known as Brewster's law. This law was later explained theoretically by Augustin Fresnel, as a special case of his Fresnel equations.\nMalus is probably best remembered for Malus's law, giving the resultant intensity, when a polariser is placed in the path of an incident beam. His name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel tower.", "Q1439143": "George William Humphrey FRSC (17 July 1889 \u2013 24 April 1966) was a British psychologist, author, and philosopher. He was the founder of the Canadian Psychological Association, the first Director of the Institute of Experimental Psychology, and Professor of Psychology at the University of Oxford. Humphrey\u2019s research concentrated on behavioral studies such as reinforcement, habituation, and apparent movements, as well as psychophysical topics like audiogenic seizures. He is known for Humphrey\u2019s Law.\n\n", "Q67745": "Tenero-Contra is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q785": "Jersey ( JUR-zee, French: [\u0292\u025b\u0281z\u025b] (listen); J\u00e8rriais: J\u00e8rri [d\u0292\u025bri]), officially the Bailiwick of Jersey (French: Bailliage de Jersey; J\u00e8rriais: Bailliage d\u00e9 J\u00e8rri), is a British Crown dependency located near the coast of Normandy, France. It is the second-closest of the Channel Islands to France, after Alderney.\nJersey was part of the Duchy of Normandy, whose dukes went on to become kings of England from 1066. After Normandy was lost by the kings of England in the 13th century, and the ducal title surrendered to France, Jersey and the other Channel Islands remained attached to the English crown.\nThe bailiwick consists of the island of Jersey, the largest of the Channel Islands, along with surrounding uninhabited islands and rocks collectively named Les Dirouilles, Les \u00c9cr\u00e9hous, Les Minquiers, Les Pierres de Lecq, and other reefs. Although the bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey are often referred to collectively as the Channel Islands, the \"Channel Islands\" are not a constitutional or political unit. Jersey has a separate relationship to the Crown from the other Crown dependencies of Guernsey and the Isle of Man, although all are held by the monarch of the United Kingdom.Jersey is a self-governing parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy, with its own financial, legal and judicial systems, and the power of self-determination. The Lieutenant Governor on the island is the personal representative of the Queen.\nJersey is not part of the United Kingdom, and has an international identity separate from that of the UK, but the UK is constitutionally responsible for the defence of Jersey. The definition of United Kingdom in the British Nationality Act 1981 is interpreted as including the UK and the Islands together.The European Commission confirmed in a written reply to the European Parliament in 2003 that Jersey was within the Union as a European Territory for whose external relationships the UK is responsible. Jersey was not fully part of the European Union but had a special relationship with it, notably being treated as within the European Community for the purposes of free trade in goods.British cultural influence on the island is evident in its use of English as the main language and the British pound as its primary currency, even if some people still speak or understand J\u00e8rriais, the local form of the Norman language, and place names with French or Norman origins abound. Additional British cultural commonalities include driving on the left, access to the BBC and ITV regions, a school curriculum following that of England, and the popularity of British sports, including cricket.", "Q68476": "Johann Geiler von Kaysersberg (16 March 1445 \u2013 10 March 1510) was a priest, considered one of the greatest of the popular preachers of the 15th century.", "Q530362": "The Mothers of Invention were an American rock band from California. Formed in 1964, their work is marked by the use of sonic experimentation, innovative album art, and elaborate live shows.\nOriginally an R&B band called the Soul Giants, the band's first lineup included Ray Collins, David Coronado, Ray Hunt, Roy Estrada and Jimmy Carl Black. Frank Zappa was asked to take over as the guitarist following a fight between Collins and Coronado, the band's original saxophonist/leader. Zappa insisted that they perform his original material, and on Mother's Day in 1964, changed their name to the Mothers. Record executives demanded that the name be changed, and so \"out of necessity,\" Zappa later said, \"we became the Mothers of Invention.\"\nAfter early struggles, the Mothers earned substantial popular commercial success. The band first became popular playing in California's underground music scene in the late 1960s. Under Zappa's helm, it was signed to jazz label Verve Records as part of the label's diversification plans. Verve released the Mothers of Invention's d\u00e9but double album Freak Out! in 1966, featuring a lineup including Zappa, Collins, Black, Estrada and Elliot Ingber. Don Preston joined the band soon after. Under Zappa's leadership and a changing lineup, the band released a series of critically acclaimed albums, including Absolutely Free, We're Only in It for the Money and Uncle Meat, before being disbanded by Zappa in 1969. In 1970, he formed a new version of the Mothers that included Ian Underwood, Jeff Simmons, George Duke, Aynsley Dunbar and singers Mark Volman and Howard Kaylan (formerly of the Turtles, but who for contractual reasons were credited in this band as the Phlorescent Leech & Eddie). Later adding another ex-Turtle, bassist Jim Pons, this lineup endured through 1971, when Zappa was injured by an audience member during a concert appearance.\nZappa focused on big-band and orchestral music while recovering from his injuries, and in 1973 formed the Mothers' final lineup, which included drummer Ralph Humphrey, trumpeter Sal Marquez, keyboardist/vocalist George Duke, trombonist Bruce Fowler, bassist Tom Fowler, percussionist Ruth Underwood and keyboardist/saxophonist Ian Underwood. The final album using the Mothers as a backing band, Bongo Fury (1975), featured guitarist Denny Walley and drummer Terry Bozzio, who continued to play for Zappa on non-Mothers releases.", "Q335041": "For the unrelated novel by Gary Paulsen, see Murphy's War (novel)\n\nMurphy's War is an Eastmancolor 1971 Panavision war film starring Peter O'Toole and Si\u00e2n Phillips. It was directed by Peter Yates, based on a novel by Max Catto. The cinematography was by Douglas Slocombe.\nMurphy's War is set in South America, in the backwaters of the global conflict (World War 2). it focuses on a stubborn survivor of a sunken merchant ship who is consumed in his quest for revenge and retribution against the German submarine which had sunk his ship. It is one of a series of novels and/or films from the period following broadly similar themes about personal or community resistance to Nazi forces, and the moral relevance between them, including famous novels like The Secret of Santa Vittoria along with less recognized works like Kramer's War, and others.", "Q21076": "Marlon Roudette is a British-Vincentian recording artist, singer, rapper, songwriter and producer. He is the former front man for the duo Mattafix, who had their first number 1, \"Big City Life\", back in 2006. After the group split, Roudette embarked on a solo career with two number one singles in Europe, \"New Age\" and \"When the Beat Drops Out\"; the latter made it to number 7 on the UK chart and is certified platinum. In recent years, he is also known for his co-writing work for artists, including Sinead Harnett and his half-sister, Mabel McVey. He co-wrote Mabel's hit singles \"Finders Keepers\" and \"Fine Line\", as well as the Not3s single \"My Lover\" and Jaxx Jones' hit \"Ring Ring\". He has also co-written tracks featuring Wiley, Tory Lanez, Kranium, Bad Gyal and Busy Signal.", "Q278155": "Giuseppe Busso (April 27, 1913 \u2013 January 3, 2006) was an Alfa Romeo and Ferrari technical designer born in Turin. He graduated as an industrial designer and in 1937 began working for Fiat's aviation engine department. In January 1939 he moved to Alfa Romeo where he worked under the guidance of Orazio Satta Puliga. His main responsibility was racing car engines.", "Q283481": "Andaz Apna Apna (transl.\u2009Everyone has their own style) is a 1994 Indian Hindi language comedy film directed by Rajkumar Santoshi, produced by Vinay Kumar Sinha, starring Aamir Khan, Salman Khan, Karisma Kapoor, Raveena Tandon, Paresh Rawal and Shakti Kapoor in the leading roles; Mehmood, Govinda and Juhi Chawla having guest appearances. The film was released on 4 November 1994. The plot elements of the film were later used in other language films such as Ullathai Allitha (1996), Veedevadandi Babu (1997) and Galate Aliyandru (2000), though none being a frame to frame remake. The film has emerged as a cult film over the years. The lexicon of the film has become part of every day language. The climax of this film is a rehashed version of the climax of a 1972 film Victoria No. 203.", "Q452295": "Edward Aloysius Murphy Jr. (January 11, 1918 \u2013 July 17, 1990) was an American aerospace engineer who worked on safety-critical systems. He is best known for his namesake Murphy's law, which is said to state, \"Anything that can go wrong will go wrong\".\nBorn in the Panama Canal Zone in 1918, Murphy was the eldest of five children. After attending high school in New Jersey, he went to the United States Military Academy at West Point, graduating in 1940. The same year he accepted a commission into the United States Army, and undertook pilot training with the United States Army Air Corps in 1941. During World War II he served in the Pacific Theater, India, China and Burma (now known as Myanmar), achieving the rank of major.\nFollowing the end of hostilities, in 1947 Murphy attended the United States Air Force Institute of Technology, becoming R&D Officer at the Wright Air Development Center of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. It was while here that he became involved in the high-speed rocket sled experiments (USAF project MX981, 1949) which led to the coining of Murphy's law. Murphy himself was reportedly unhappy with the commonplace interpretation of his law, which is seen as capturing the essential \"cussedness\" of inanimate objects. Murphy regarded the law as crystallizing a key principle of defensive design, in which one should always assume worst-case scenarios. Murphy was said by his son to have regarded the many jocular versions of the law as \"ridiculous, trivial and erroneous\". His attempts to have the law taken more seriously were unsuccessful.\nIn 1952, having resigned from the United States Air Force, Murphy carried out a series of rocket acceleration tests at Holloman Air Force Base, then returned to California to pursue a career in aircraft cockpit design for a series of private contractors. He worked on crew escape systems for some of the most famous experimental aircraft of the 20th century, including the F-4 Phantom II, the XB-70 Valkyrie, the SR-71 Blackbird, the B-1 Lancer, and the X-15 rocket plane. During the 1960s, he worked on safety and life support systems for Project Apollo, and ended his career with work on pilot safety and computerized operation systems on the Apache helicopter..", "Q68310": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Prinz von Anhalt (born Hans Georg Robert Lichtenberg; June 18, 1943) is a German-American businessman best known as the last husband and widower of Zsa Zsa Gabor. He took on his new name in 1980, after Princess Marie-Auguste of Anhalt adopted him as an adult.", "Q82911": "Weinstadt (meaning \"Wine City\") is a town in the Rems-Murr district, in the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is located in the Rems Valley approximately 15 km east of Stuttgart. Its population in 2012 was 25,998.\nThe town is composed of five districts or Stadtteile which were formerly independent towns and villages. They are Beutelsbach, Endersbach, Gro\u00dfheppach, Str\u00fcmpfelbach, and Schnait. The five towns were combined to form the city of Weinstadt in 1975. Today, the city is the 6th largest in Rems-Murr-Kreis.\nAs the name implies, Weinstadt is best known for its vineyards and production of wine. The Remstalkellerei (Rems Valley Winery), in the Beutelsbach neighborhood of Weinstadt, is a cooperative owned by the local growers and is the tenth-largest winery in Germany.From 1958 through 1976, Stanford University in California, United States, maintained an \"overseas campus\" for Stanford undergraduates in Beutelsbach. The hilltop campus is now the Landgut Burg hotel and conference center.", "Q748513": "Loviisa (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8lo\u028bi\u02d0s\u0251]; Swedish: Lovisa [lu\u02c8v\u01d0\u02d0s\u0251] (listen)) is a municipality and town of 14,873 inhabitants (31 January 2019) on the southern coast of Finland. About 43 per cent of the population is Swedish-speaking.The municipality covers an area of 1,751.52 square kilometres (676.27 sq mi) of which 931.92 km2 (359.82 sq mi) is water. The population density is 18.15 inhabitants per square kilometre (47.0/sq mi).\nThe neighboring municipalities of Liljendal, Pern\u00e5 and Ruotsinpyht\u00e4\u00e4 were consolidated with Loviisa on 1 January 2010.\nLoviisa was founded in 1745, as a border fortress against Russia. Most of the fortifications have been preserved. Loviisa was originally called Degerby, but king Adolf Frederick of Sweden renamed the city after his spouse Lovisa Ulrika after visiting the town in 1752.\nLoviisa is the site of two of Finland's nuclear reactors, two VVER units each of 488 MWe, at the Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant. The other operating reactors are at the Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant.", "Q462356": "Roger Vailland (16 October 1907 - 12 May 1965) was a French novelist, essayist, and screenwriter.", "Q221020": "The Nutcracker in 3D (released on DVD as The Nutcracker: The Untold Story) is a 2010 British-Hungarian 3D Christmas musical fantasy film adapted from the ballet The Nutcracker. Co-written, directed, and co-produced by Andrei Konchalovsky, the film stars Elle Fanning, Nathan Lane, and John Turturro with Charles Rowe and Shirley Henderson as the Nutcracker. It was universally panned by critics upon its release, and was criticized for its story, deviations from the ballet, twisted visuals, and the rats' similarities to Nazis. It was a box office bomb, grossing $20 million against a $90 million budget.", "Q237642": "Laodice III (in Greek \u039b\u03b1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7) also known as Laodika, was a Princess of Pontus and a Seleucid Queen. She was regent for her first born son, Antiochus, during the Anabase expedition of her husband, Antiochus III the Great, between 212 and 206 BC. Antiochus created a royal cult dedicated to her in 193 BC. In 192 BC she was pushed out of political life due to her husband's remarriage. Her last known activities are documented in 177\u2013176 BC and relate to the court of her son, Seleucus IV.", "Q333356": "Pepin I or Pepin I of Aquitaine (French: P\u00e9pin; 797 \u2013 13 December 838) was King of Aquitaine and Duke of Maine.\nPepin was the second son of Emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye. When his father assigned to each of his sons a kingdom (within the Empire) in August 817, he received Aquitaine, which had been Louis's own subkingdom during his father Charlemagne's reign. Ermoldus Nigellus was his court poet and accompanied him on a campaign into Brittany in 824.\nPepin rebelled in 830 at the insistence of his brother Lothair's advisor Wala. He took an army of Gascons with him and marched all the way to Paris, with the support of the Neustrians. His father marched back from a campaign in Brittany all the way to Compi\u00e8gne, where Pepin surrounded his forces and captured him. The rebellion, however, broke up.\nIn 832, Pepin rebelled again and his brother Louis the German soon followed. Louis the Pious was in Aquitaine to subdue any revolt, but was drawn off by the Bavarian insurrection of the younger Louis. Pepin took Limoges and other Imperial territories. The next year, Lothair joined the rebellion and, with the assistance of Ebbo, archbishop of Reims, the rebel sons deposed their father in 833. Lothair's later behaviour alienated Pepin, and the latter was at his father's side when Louis the Pious was reinstated on 1 March 834. Pepin was restored to his former status.\nPepin died scarcely four years later and was buried in the Church of St. Radegonde in Poitiers.\nIn 822, Pepin had married Ingeltrude, daughter of Theodobert, count of Madrie, with whom he had two sons: Pepin (823-after 864), and Charles (825-830 - 4 June 863), who became Archbishop of Mainz.\nBoth were minors when Pepin died, so Louis the Pious awarded Aquitaine to his own youngest son, Pepin's half-brother Charles the Bald. The Aquitainians, however, elected Pepin's son as Pepin II. His brother Charles also briefly claimed the kingdom. Both died childless. Pepin also had two daughters, one of whom married Gerard, Count of Auvergne.", "Q125598": "Peter Stamm (born January 18, 1963 in M\u00fcnsterlingen) is a Swiss writer. His prize-winning books have been translated into more than thirty languages. For his entire body of work and his accomplishments in fiction, he was short-listed for the Man Booker International Prize in 2013, and in 2014 he won the prestigious Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin Prize.", "Q27407": "East Africa or Eastern Africa is the eastern region of the African continent, variably defined by geography. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 20 territories make up Eastern Africa:\nTanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and South Sudan are members of the East African Community (EAC). The first five are also included in the African Great Lakes region. Burundi and Rwanda are at times also considered to be part of Central Africa.\nDjibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia \u2013 collectively known as the Horn of Africa. The area is the easternmost projection of the African continent. \nComoros, Mauritius and Seychelles \u2013 small island nations in the Indian Ocean.\nR\u00e9union and Mayotte \u2013 French overseas territories also in the Indian Ocean.\nMozambique and Madagascar \u2013 often considered part of Southern Africa, on the eastern side of the sub-continent. Madagascar has close cultural ties to Southeast Asia and the islands of the Indian Ocean.\nMalawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe \u2013 often also included in Southern Africa, and formerly constituted the Central African Federation (also known historically as the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland).\nSudan and South Sudan (newly independent from Sudan) \u2013 collectively part of the Nile Valley. Situated in the northeastern portion of the continent, the Sudans are often included in Northern Africa. Also members of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) free trade area.Due to colonial territories of the British East Africa Protectorate and German East Africa, the term East Africa is often (especially in the English language) used to specifically refer to the area now comprising the three countries of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. However, this has never been the convention in many other languages, where the term generally had a wider, strictly geographic context and therefore typically included Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia.", "Q539346": "Bonnie Owens (October 1, 1929 \u2013 April 24, 2006), born Bonnie Campbell, was an American country music singer who was married to Buck Owens and later Merle Haggard.", "Q461887": "Takao Doi (\u571f\u4e95 \u9686\u96c4, Doi Takao, born September 18, 1954) is a Japanese astronaut and veteran of two NASA Space Shuttle missions.\nDoi holds a doctorate from the University of Tokyo in aerospace engineering, and has studied and published in the fields of propulsion systems, and microgravity technology. He researched at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science and was selected by NASDA as an astronaut candidate in 1985 for the Japanese manned space program while also conducting research in the United States at NASA's Lewis Research Center and the University of Colorado at Boulder. Doi flew as a mission specialist aboard STS-87 in 1997, during which he became the first Japanese astronaut to conduct a spacewalk.\nHe received a Ph.D. in 1983 from the University of Tokyo, and also a Ph.D in Astronomy from Rice University in 2004.\nTakao Doi visited the International Space Station in March 2008 as a member of the STS-123 crew. STS-123 delivered the first module of the Japanese laboratory, Kib\u014d, and the Canadian Dextre robot to the space station. During this mission, he became the first person to throw a boomerang in space that had been specifically designed for use in microgravity during spaceflight.Doi retired from astronaut duty and now works as the chief of Space Applications Section of United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, starting in September 2009.In April 2016, he became a professor at the Unit of Synergetic Studies for Space of Kyoto University.As an avid amateur astronomer, he discovered supernovae SN 2002gw and SN 2007aa.", "Q233424": "Lisa Jane Smith is an American author of young adult fiction best known for her best-selling series The Vampire Diaries, which has been turned into a successful television show. Her books, particularly The Vampire Diaries and Night World, have been in the New York Times Best Seller list and have been nominated for five awards.", "Q116152": "Heinrich H\u00f6ssli (6 August 1784 in Glarus \u2013 24 December 1864 in Winterthur), sometimes written as H\u00f6\u00dfli, was a Swiss hatter and author. His book Eros Die M\u00e4nnerliebe der Griechen (2 vols., 1836, 1838) surveyed references to same-sex love in ancient Greek literature and more recent research, and was one of the first works in the 19th century that defended love between men.", "Q713271": "Josef Svatopluk Machar (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8joz\u025bf \u02c8svatopluk \u02c8maxar]; 1864 \u2013 1942) was a Czech poet and essayist. A leader of the realist movement in Czech poetry and a master of colloquial Czech, Machar was active in anti-Austrian political circles in Vienna. Many of his poems were satires of political and social conditions. In the poetic cycle The Conscience of the Ages (1901\u20131921), of which Golgotha was the initial volume, he contrasted antique with Christian civilization, favoring the former. His Magdalena (1893, translated into English by Leo Wiener, 1916), a satirical novel in verse, concerns the treatment of women. Both Machar's use of colloquial diction and his skepticism greatly influenced Czech literature and public opinion. He was the father of Sylva Macharov\u00e1, one of the first Czech nurses and first head of the Czech School of Nursing.He cooperated with T. G. Masaryk resistance organization Maffie from December 1914.", "Q887747": "Robert R. \"Bob\" Acri (October 1, 1918 \u2013 July 25, 2013) was an American jazz pianist. Bob graduated from Austin High School in Chicago. While at Austin High, he began his career at the NBC Orchestra on the Dave Garroway Radio Show. He was a classically trained pianist, studying with Rudolph Ganz and Fred Euing. He also studied composition with Dr. Karel Jirak and Bill Russo. During his career he played in the radio orchestras of NBC and ABC, as well as in the House Band of the Chicago nightclub Mister Kelly's. He toured with Harry James and accompanied Lena Horne, Mike Douglas, Ella Fitzgerald, Barbra Streisand, Buddy Rich, and Woody Herman. He earned his Bachelor's of Music and Master's of Music degree from Roosevelt University when he was in his late 70s. He ended his career as the leader of the house band at the Cantina Room of the Continental Plaza Hotel.\nAcri released two solo albums of instrumental tracks in 2001 and 2004. \"Sleep Away\", a composition that appeared on his 2004 self-titled album, was used as a sample demo music for Windows 7.", "Q23661": "Wellington (M\u0101ori: Te Whanganui-a-Tara [t\u025b \u02c8fa\u014ban\u0289i a ta\u027ea]) is the capital city of New Zealand. It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range. Wellington is the major population centre of the southern North Island, and is the administrative centre of the Wellington Region, which also includes the Kapiti Coast and the Wairarapa. It is the world's southernmost capital of a sovereign state. Wellington features a temperate maritime climate, and is the world's windiest city by average wind speed.The position of Wellington as capital of New Zealand is not defined in legislation, but established by convention. Its metropolitan area comprises four local authorities: Wellington City, on the peninsula between Cook Strait and Wellington Harbour, contains the central business district; Porirua on Porirua Harbour to the north is notable for its large M\u0101ori and Pacific Island communities; Lower Hutt and Upper Hutt are largely suburban areas to the northeast, together known as the Hutt Valley. The Wellington urban area, which only includes urban areas within Wellington City, has a population of 215,400 residents as of June 2019. The urban areas of the four local authorties have a combined population of 416,800 residents as of June 2019.As the nation's capital since 1865, the New Zealand government and parliament, the Supreme Court, and most of the public service are based in the city. Architectural sights include the Old Government Buildings\u2014one of the largest wooden buildings in the world\u2014as well as the iconic Beehive, the executive wing of Parliament Buildings. Wellington is also home to several of the largest and oldest cultural institutions in the nation, such the National Archives, the National Library, the Museum of New Zealand (also known as Te Papa), and numerous theatres. It plays host to many artistic and cultural organisations, including the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra and Royal New Zealand Ballet. One of the world's most liveable cities, the 2016 Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranked Wellington 12th in the world, and was first in the world for both liveability and non-pollution by Deutsche Bank, from 2017\u201318.Wellington's economy is primarily service-based, with an emphasis on finance, business services, and government. It is the centre of New Zealand's film and special effects industries, and increasingly a hub for information technology and innovation, with two public research universities. Wellington is one of New Zealand's chief seaports and serves both domestic and international shipping. The city is served by Wellington International Airport, the third busiest airport in the country. Wellington's transport network includes train and bus lines which reach as far as the Kapiti Coast and the Wairarapa, and ferries connect the city to the South Island.\nDescribed by Lonely Planet in 2013 as \"the coolest little capital in the world\", the emerging world city has grown from a bustling M\u0101ori settlement, to a small colonial outpost, and from there to an Australasian capital experiencing a \"remarkable creative resurgence\".\n\n", "Q338203": "Gar\u00f0ar Th\u00f3r Cortes (pronounced Icelandic pronunciation: \u200b[\u02c8kar\u00f0ar t\u02b0ou\u02d0r \u02c8k\u02b0\u0254r\u0325t\u025bs], born 2 May 1974), is an Icelandic tenor of Icelandic and English parentage. A former child actor, Gar\u00f0ar subsequently trained as a singer in Vienna, Copenhagen and London. He has performed various leading tenor roles in operas, as well as a leading part in The Phantom of the Opera in London's West End. While insisting that he is first and foremost a classical opera singer, it was with his classical crossover album Cortes, released in Iceland in 2005, that Gar\u00f0ar came to prominence. His debut album in the UK, also titled Cortes, was released on 16 April 2007 and entered the UK Classical Charts at number 1.\n\n", "Q281296": "The Day of the Locust is a 1975 American drama film directed by John Schlesinger, and starring Donald Sutherland, Karen Black, William Atherton, Burgess Meredith, Richard Dysart, John Hillerman, and Geraldine Page. Set in Hollywood, California just prior to World War II, the film depicts the alienation and desperation of a disparate group of individuals whose dreams of success have failed to come true. The screenplay by Waldo Salt is based on the 1939 novel of the same title by Nathanael West. \nThe film has garnered attention from scholars for its critical commentary on the film industry, as well as its nightmarish depiction of Hollywood, with some critics identifying implicit horror elements in the film's visuals.\n\n", "Q75427": "Irene Reinhild Agnes Elisabeth S\u00e4nger-Bredt (24 April 1911 \u2013 20 October 1983) was a German engineer, mathematician and physicist. She is co-credited with the design of a proposed intercontinental spaceplane/bomber prior to and during World War II.", "Q429627": "Juan Echanove Labanda (1 April 1961, Madrid) is a Spanish actor.\nAt Gij\u00f3n International Film Festival in 2002, he received the Nacho Martinez Award.", "Q87869": "Humbert Fink (i.e. Luigi Umberto Fink; born August 13, 1933 in Vietri sul Mare near Salerno, Italy; died May 16, 1992 in Maria Saal, Carinthia) was an Austrian writer and journalist.\nAfter a book of poetry and two novels, Fink wrote numerous travel essays and guides, as well as biographies of well-known persons in history. In 1957\u201358, he edited the magazine Die \u00f6sterreichischen Bl\u00e4tter, and from 1959 on he edited the magazine Hefte f\u00fcr Literatur und Kritik jointly with Paul Kruntorad. In 1977, with Ernst Willner, the chairman of the Austrian television company in Carinthia, he initiated the Ingeborg Bachmann Prize. Humbert Fink was also a well-known newspaper commentator in Austria.", "Q121926": "Henry Louis Le Chatelier (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0251\u0303\u0281i lwi l\u0259 \u0283\u0251tlje]; 8 October 1850 \u2013 17 September 1936) was a French chemist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He devised Le Chatelier's principle, used by chemists and chemical engineers to predict the effect a changing condition has on a system in chemical equilibrium.", "Q43195": "Aigle (French for \"eagle\") is a historic town and a municipality and the capital of the district of Aigle in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.\nThe official language of Aigle is (the Swiss variety of) French.", "Q1396289": "Fernand Point (25 February 1897 \u2013 4 March 1955) was a French chef and restaurateur and is considered to be the father of modern French cuisine. He founded the restaurant La Pyramide in Vienne near Lyon.", "Q705413": "Max Alfred \"Maxi\" Elliott (born 10 June 1961), known by his stage name Maxi Priest, is a British reggae vocalist of Jamaican descent. He is best known for singing reggae music with an R&B influence, otherwise known as reggae fusion. He was one of the first international artists to have success in this genre, and one of the most successful reggae fusion acts of all time.", "Q263213": "Anne Golon (17 December 1921 \u2013 14 July 2017) was a French author, better known to English-speaking readers as Sergeanne Golon. She was most known for a series of novels about a heroine called Angelique.", "Q1422563": "Kevin Llewellyn Callan (born 24 March 1962), better known as Stewart Home, is an English artist, filmmaker, writer, pamphleteer, art historian, and activist. He is best known for his novels such as the non-narrative 69 Things to Do with a Dead Princess (2002), his re-imagining of the 1960s in Tainted Love (2005), and earlier parodistic pulp fictions Pure Mania, Red London, No Pity, Cunt, and Defiant Pose that pastiche the work of 1970s British skinhead pulp novel writer Richard Allen and combine it with pornography, political agit-prop, and historical references to punk rock and avant-garde art.", "Q96964": "Hans Friedrich Wilhem Ernst von Raumer (10 January 1870 \u2013 3 November 1965) was a German politician of the German People's Party (DVP). He served as minister in two governments of the Weimar Republic and was also active as a representative of German industry.", "Q468109": "Charles Latour Rogier (17 August 1800 \u2013 27 May 1885) was a Belgian liberal statesman and a leader in the Belgian Revolution of 1830. He became Prime Minister of Belgium on two separate occasions: from 1847 to 1852, and again from 1857 to 1868.", "Q3932594": "Renato Altissimo (4 October 1940 \u2013 17 April 2015) was an Italian politician and minister.", "Q1277063": "Earl Grant (January 20, 1931 \u2013 June 10, 1970) was an American pianist, organist, and vocalist popular in the 1950s and 1960s.", "Q159889": "Petr Mach (born 6 May 1975) is a Czech economist and former Member of the European Parliament. He is the founder of the Party of Free Citizens which he led until 2017 when he was replaced by Tom\u00e1\u0161 Pajonk.", "Q65620": "Tuggen is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q659378": "Besenb\u00fcren is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q106355": "Werner Joachim Siegerist (born as Werner-Joachim Bierbrauer, January 29, 1947 in Neukirchen (Nordfriesland)) is a German-Latvian journalist, author and conservative politician. He is chairman of the anti-communist German Conservatives and co-publisher of the Konservative Deutsche Zeitung. He played a role in the early days of renewed Latvian independence following the collapse of the Soviet Union.\nHis father was Latvian and fought in the Waffen-SS, and his mother was originally from Wiesbaden and later moved to Schleswig-Holstein, where he grew up. He was active in the Junge Union and the Christlicher Gewerkschaftsbund. Between 1971 and 1973 he was a prominent journalist of the Bild-Zeitung, the biggest newspaper of Europe. In 1980 he founded the B\u00fcrgeraktion Demokraten f\u00fcr Strau\u00df and campaigned for the candidacy of Franz Josef Strauss for Chancellor. Following Strauss's defeat he became the leading reporter of the H\u00d6RZU, a magazine also published by the Axel Springer Verlag. In 1985 he left Springer over political differences, and wrote his first book, Willy Brandt - Das Ende einer Legende. For that book, he was sentenced for slander of Willy Brandt 1987. 1994 he was let off for probation on slander and sedition after calling Gypsies throughout evil and criminal mob.\nFollowing the liberation of the Baltic countries from Soviet occupation, he became a Latvian citizen in 1992 and was elected to the Saeima at the 1993 election for the Latvian National Independence Movement (LNNK), which became an influential party. The same year he was a member of coalition whose the candidate Ziedonis \u010cevers was nominated to become Latvian Prime Minister, but lost the vote in parliament by only one vote and ended up second. He later claimed that some MPs had been paid off by his adversaries. The leader of the popular election, who was a friend of Siegerist, also allegedly committed suicide, but Siegerist suspect he was murdered.\nSiegerist was ejected from the LNNK group in 1994. In response, he founded the People's Movement for Latvia (Tautas kust\u012bba \"Latvijai\"), also known as the 'Siegerist Party' (Z\u012bgerista partija) due to its reliance on its leader's personality. At the 1995 election, the party won sixteen seats: twice as many as the LNNK and its Latvian Green Party allies put together, and tried to form a government with the left-wing opposition parties.He has written several books that have sold several million copies.\n\n", "Q670932": "Eug\u00e8ne Adrien Ducretet (November 27, 1844 \u2013 1915) was a French scientific instrument manufacturer, who performed some of the first experiments on wireless telegraphy (radio communication) in France. His father, Louis Joseph Ducretet, was a Savoy textiles merchant who moved to Paris. He never completed a formal education, leaving primary school at age 15. After several years apprenticed to Paris engineer Paul-Gustav Froment, Ducretet opened his own workshop in 1864 at 21 Rue des Ursulines where with a few employees he manufactured classical physics research, teaching and demonstration apparatus, such as galvanometers, Wimshurst machines, and Crookes tubes. Over time his reputation grew and he became instrument supplier to several large Paris educational and scientific institutions. He was awarded a gold medal for his quality instruments at the 1878 Paris Universal Exposition and from then on his firm was a regular presence at important international expositions, winning another gold at the 1881 International Electricity Exposition in Paris. He was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour in 1885.\n\nDucretet's work brought him into close contact with many prominent physicists of his day, from whom he learned a lot. He continued his education, attending courses at the Sorbonne and College de France as a 'auditeur libre'. In 1897, hearing about Guglielmo Marconi's pioneering experiments in wireless telegraphy (radio transmission), he built a transmitter and receiver and began his own experiments, becoming the first person in France to transmit radio waves. In November 1897 he transmitted radio signals 400 meters between his workshop and the Panth\u00e9on, attracting the interest of French President F\u00e9lix Faure. On November 5, 1898 he caused a sensation with a public demonstration of wireless communication in the presence of representatives of the Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences between the third floor of the Eiffel Tower and the Panth\u00e9on 4 km away. In 1897 he wrote to Russian physicist Alexander Stepanovich Popov, who had invented one of the first practical radio receivers but had not developed it, suggesting a collaboration. In 1898 he began to build radiotelegraph equipment using the Popov design. Between 1899 and 1904 he sold some of the first wireless stations to the Russian Navy, but the company was too small to provide the volume Russia needed. With his partner Ernest Roger he invented a type of telegraph key used in wireless telegraphy transmitters. In 1901 he wrote a book on the construction of wireless equipmentDucretet married Amelie Vallat in 1866, and they had three children. When he died he left the company to his son Fernand and partner Ernst Roger. The company was sold to Thomson-Houston in 1931.", "Q440685": "Sarah Elizabeth Butler (born February 11, 1985) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Jennifer Hills in the I Spit on Your Grave film series.", "Q121932": "The People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB; Bulgarian: \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f (\u041d\u0420\u0411) Narodna Republika B\u01celgariya (NRB)) was the official name of Bulgaria, when it was a socialist republic.\nThe People's Republic of Bulgaria existed from 1946 to 1990 and it was ruled by the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP), which in turn ruled together with its coalition partner, the Bulgarian Agrarian People's Union (former communist ally). Bulgaria was part of Comecon and a member of the Warsaw Pact and was closely allied with the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II deposed the Kingdom of Bulgaria administration in the Bulgarian coup d'\u00e9tat of 1944 which ended the country's alliance with the Axis powers and led to the People's Republic in 1946.\nThe BCP modelled its policies after those of the Soviet Union, transforming the country over the course of a decade from an agrarian peasant society into an industrialized socialist society. In the mid-1950s and after the death of Stalin, conservative hardliners lost influence and a period of social liberalization and stability followed under Todor Zhivkov. Varying degrees of conservative or liberal influence followed. After a new energy and transportation infrastructure was constructed, by 1960 manufacturing became the dominant sector of the economy and Bulgaria became a major exporter of household goods and later on computer technologies, earning it the nickname of \"Silicon Valley of the Eastern Bloc\". The country's relatively high productivity levels and high scores on social development rankings made it a model for other socialist countries' administrative policies.\nIn 1989, after a few years of liberal influence, political reforms were initiated and Todor Zhivkov, who had served as head of the party since 1954, was removed from office in a BCP congress. In 1990, under the leadership of Georgi Parvanov, the BCP changed its name to the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) and adopted a centre-left political ideology in place of Marxism\u2013Leninism. Following the BSP victory in the 1990 election, which was the first openly contested multi-party election since 1931, the name of the state was changed to the Republic of Bulgaria. Geographically, the People's Republic of Bulgaria had the same borders as present-day Bulgaria and it bordered the Black Sea to the east; Romania to the north; Yugoslavia (via Serbia and Macedonia) to the west and Greece and Turkey to the south.", "Q5348016": "Per Egil T\u00f6rnqvist (19 December 1932, Uppsala \u2013 9 March 2015, Amsterdam) was Professor Emeritus of Scandinavian Studies at the University of Amsterdam and an academic literary critic.Earlier (1961) he was in charge of the drama division in the comparative literature \nprogram at Uppsala University. From 1969 to 1997 he was professor of Scandinavian languages and literature at the University of Amsterdam. His daughter is artist Marit T\u00f6rnqvist.", "Q179581": "Roland Herbert Totheroh (November 29, 1890 \u2013 June 18, 1967) was an American cinematographer most notable for being the regular cameraman on the films of Charlie Chaplin. He worked with Chaplin from 1915 until the 1940s in over 30 films. He was often billed as Rollie Totheroh.", "Q73042": "Therese Brandl (1 February 1902 \u2013 28 January 1948) was a Nazi concentration camp guard.\nIn March 1942, Brandl was among the SS women assigned to Auschwitz I concentration camp. Her duties included watching over women in the sorting sheds and as the SS Rapportaufseherin. In October 1942, she was posted to the newly opened Auschwitz II extermination camp at Birkenau. Brandl was convicted of crimes against humanity after the war during the Auschwitz Trial in Krak\u00f3w and executed.", "Q96970": "Dietrich Klagges (German pronunciation: [\u02c8di\u02d0t\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8kla\u0261\u0259s]) (1 February 1891 in Herringsen, now part of Bad Sassendorf \u2013 12 November 1971 in Bad Harzburg) was a National Socialist politician and from 1933 to 1945 the appointed premier (Ministerpr\u00e4sident) of the now abolished Free State of Brunswick. He also went by the pseudonym Rudolf Berg.", "Q367713": "Aniello John \"Neil\" Dellacroce (March 15, 1914 \u2013 December 2, 1985), was an American mobster and underboss of the Gambino crime family. He rose to the position of underboss when Carlo Gambino moved Joseph Biondo aside. Dellacroce was a mentor to Gambino boss John Gotti.", "Q3056678": "Kyaswa (Burmese: \u1000\u103b\u1005\u103d\u102c, pronounced [t\u0255a\u0330zw\u00e0]; 1198\u20131251) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1235 to 1251. Kyaswa succeeded his father Htilominlo and was even more devout. Kyaswa's reign like his father's was largely peaceful but the depletion of the royal treasury due to large tax-free religious landholdings became more pronounced. The royal treasury was so depleted that Kyaswa had trouble completing a temple. The empire founded by Anawrahta over two centuries earlier was still peaceful but already on its last legs, unprepared for the internal disorders and external forces that were to come.", "Q452281": "Lucy Stone (August 13, 1818 \u2013 October 18, 1893) was a prominent U.S. orator, abolitionist, and suffragist, and a vocal advocate and organizer promoting rights for women. In 1847, Stone became the first woman from Massachusetts to earn a college degree. She spoke out for women's rights and against slavery at a time when women were discouraged and prevented from public speaking. Stone was known for using her birth name after marriage, the custom being for women to take their husband's surname.\nStone's organizational activities for the cause of women's rights yielded tangible gains in the difficult political environment of the 19th century. Stone helped initiate the first National Women's Rights Convention in Worcester, Massachusetts and she supported and sustained it annually, along with a number of other local, state and regional activist conventions. Stone spoke in front of a number of legislative bodies to promote laws giving more rights to women. She assisted in establishing the Woman's National Loyal League to help pass the Thirteenth Amendment and thereby abolish slavery, after which she helped form the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA), which built support for a woman suffrage Constitutional amendment by winning woman suffrage at the state and local levels.\nStone wrote extensively about a wide range of women's rights, publishing and distributing speeches by herself and others, and convention proceedings. In the long-running and influential Woman's Journal, a weekly periodical that she founded and promoted, Stone aired both her own and differing views about women's rights. Called \"the orator\", the \"morning star\" and the \"heart and soul\" of the women's rights movement, Stone influenced Susan B. Anthony to take up the cause of women's suffrage. Elizabeth Cady Stanton wrote that \"Lucy Stone was the first person by whom the heart of the American public was deeply stirred on the woman question.\" Together, Anthony, Stanton, and Stone have been called the 19th-century \"triumvirate\" of women's suffrage and feminism.", "Q5959": "Quintus Curtius Rufus () was a Roman historian, probably of the 1st century, author of his only known and only surviving work, Historiae Alexandri Magni, \"Histories of Alexander the Great\", or more fully Historiarum Alexandri Magni Macedonis Libri Qui Supersunt, \"All the Books That Survive of the Histories of Alexander the Great of Macedon.\" Much of it is missing. Apart from his name on the manuscripts, nothing else certain is known of him. This fact alone has led philologists to believe that he had another historical identity, to which, due to the accidents of time, the link has been broken. A few theories exist. They are treated with varying degrees of credibility by various authors. Meanwhile, the identity of Quintus Curtius Rufus, historian, is maintained separately.", "Q335733": "John Edward Hollister Montagu, 11th Earl of Sandwich (born 11 April 1943), is a British entrepreneur, politician and nobleman. He has sat in the House of Lords on the crossbenches since 1995.", "Q2471319": "Francisco Javier S\u00e1nchez Broto (born 25 August 1971) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper.\nAfter eight years in his country where he appeared almost exclusively as a backup, playing for four clubs, he headed to Scotland, where he represented Airdrieonians, Livingston and Celtic.", "Q105884": "Rudolf Bindig (born on 6 September 1940 in Goslar, Lower Saxony) is a German politician who was elected eight times from 1976 to 2005 as a member of the Bundestag for the Social Democratic Party of Germany. From 1996 to 2005 he was also a member (and from 1988 to 1996 an alternate member) of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, of which he was elected a vice-president in 2002.\n\n", "Q4302550": "N. P. Ogarev's Mordovia State University (MSUO or OMSU for Ogarev Mordovia State University, or MRSU for \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041d. \u041f. \u041e\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430, Mordovskyi Gosudarstvennyi Universitet (imeni N. P. Ogareva)) is located in the city of Saransk, the capital of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. It was established in October 1957 as an expansion of the Mordovian National Pedagogical Institute, established in 1931. The University offers bachelor's and master's degrees in various academic fields.\nThe courses are available in the form of full-time education, evening (part-time) curriculum, and correspondence education (6 years). The medical faculty offers 6 and 7-year programs of study.\nThe total student body numbers approximately 28,000 students, including international students from countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kuwait, Oman, Iran, Iraq, Saudi, UAE and few African countries.", "Q807635": "Barbara Seaman (September 11, 1935 \u2013 February 27, 2008) was an American author, activist, and journalist, and a principal founder of the women's health feminism movement.", "Q432575": "Robert Edmund Cormier (January 17, 1925 \u2013 November 2, 2000) was an American author and journalist, known for his deeply pessimistic novels, many of which were written for young adults. Recurring themes include abuse, mental illness, violence, revenge, betrayal, and conspiracy. In most of his novels, the protagonists do not win.His most popular works include I Am the Cheese, After the First Death, We All Fall Down, and The Chocolate War, all of which have won awards. The Chocolate War was challenged in multiple libraries.", "Q1349827": "James \"Kokomo\" Arnold (February 15, 1896 or 1901 \u2013 November 8, 1968) was an American blues musician. A left-handed slide guitarist, his intense style of playing and rapid-fire vocal delivery set him apart from his contemporaries. He got his nickname in 1934 after releasing \"Old Original Kokomo Blues\" for Decca Records, a cover version of Scrapper Blackwell's blues song about the city of Kokomo, Indiana.", "Q375317": "Mark Tacher Feingold (born September 15, 1977) is a Mexican actor, musician, vocalist, guitarist, and a television host. He began as a television host in 1996, and has starred in a reality show, TV series, and telenovelas including La Hija del Mariachi,Verano de amor, Alma de Hierro, Para Volver a Amar, Mujeres Asesinas, Triunfo del Amor, La Voz... M\u00e9xico, Abismo de pasi\u00f3n, Qu\u00e9 pobres tan ricos, and Que te perdone Dios.", "Q519082": "Charles Fulton Oursler (January 22, 1893 \u2013 May 24, 1952) was an American journalist, playwright, editor and writer. Writing as Anthony Abbot, he was an author of mysteries and detective fiction. His son was the journalist and author Will Oursler (1913\u20131985).", "Q61446": "Theodor Lessing (8 February 1872, Hanover \u2013 31 August 1933, Marienbad) was a German Jewish philosopher.\nHe is known for opposing the rise of Hindenburg as president of the Weimar Republic and for his classic on Jewish self-hatred (Der j\u00fcdische Selbstha\u00df), a book which he wrote in 1930, three years before Hitler came to power, in which he tried to explain the phenomenon of Jewish intellectuals who incited anti-Semitism against the Jewish people and who regarded Judaism as the source of evil in the world.\nLessing's political ideals, as well as his Zionism made him a very controversial person during the rise of Nazi Germany. He fled to Czechoslovakia where he lived in Marienbad in the village of a local social democratic politician. On the night of 30 August 1933, he was assassinated by Sudeten German Nazi sympathizers. Lessing was shot through a window of the villa where he lived. His assassins were German National Socialists from Sudetenland, Rudolf Max Eckert, Rudolf Zischka and Karl H\u00f6nl. They fled to Nazi Germany after the assassination.Lessing's philosophical views were influenced by Nietzsche and Afrikan Spir. According to Theodore Ziolkowski in Lessing's Geschichte als Sinngebung des Sinnlosen (History as Giving Meaning to the Meaningless), \"writing in the tradition of Nietzsche, argued that history, having no objective validity, amounts to a mythic construct imposed on an unknowable reality, in order to give its some semblance of meaning.\"", "Q831387": "Abing (Chinese: \u963f\u70b3; pinyin: \u0100b\u01d0ng; 17 August 1893 \u2013 4 December 1950), born as Hua Yanjun (simplified Chinese: \u534e\u5f66\u94a7; traditional Chinese: \u83ef\u5f65\u921e; pinyin: Hu\u00e0 Y\u00e0nj\u016bn), was a blind Chinese musician specializing in the erhu and pipa.", "Q464733": "Clinton Presba Anderson (October 23, 1895 \u2013 November 11, 1975) was an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a U.S. Representative from New Mexico from 1941 until 1945, the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture from 1945 until 1948, and a U.S. Senator from New Mexico from 1949 to 1973.", "Q66329": "Josef Eduard Scheungraber (8 September 1918 \u2013 22 July 2015) was a Wehrmacht Lieutenant and businessman. He received life sentences in Germany and Italy for war crimes committed in World War II.", "Q893726": "Boris Mikhailovich Volin (13 June 1886 \u2013 15 February 1957) was a Soviet historian, journalist and politician. He was born in Vitebsk Governorate. He published Questions of History and campaigned against alcohol consumption. He was a member of the Central Committee elected by the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). He was head of the School Department from 13 May 1935 to 1936. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War. He was a member of the Marx-Engels-Lenin Institute at Moscow State University. He died in Moscow.", "Q3034943": "Dominique Anglade is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in a by-election on November 9, 2015. She represents the electoral district of Saint-Henri\u2013Sainte-Anne as a member of the Quebec Liberal Party. She is the daughter of academic Georges Anglade.", "Q1356907": "Michael Martin Kofler (born 9 April 1966) is an Austrian flutist. Since 1987 he has been solo flutist with the Munich Philharmonic.", "Q228776": "Zulay Henao (born March 22, 1979) is a Colombian-American film and television actress. She's co-starred in a number of films such as Illegal Tender (2007), Fighting (2009), Takers (2010), Boy Wonder (2011), Hostel: Part III, The Single Moms Club (2014), True Memoirs of an International Assassin (2016). In 2014 she began starring as one of the lead characters in the Oprah Winfrey Network series, If Loving You Is Wrong.", "Q71655": "Karin J\u00f6ns (born 29 April 1953 in Kiel) is a German politician and former Member of the European Parliament with the Social Democratic Party of Germany. During her time in parliament she was part of the Socialist Group and was on the European Parliament's Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.\nShe was a substitute for the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality and the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety. She also was a member of the Delegation to the EU-Kazakhstan, EU-Kyrgyzstan and EU-Uzbekistan Parliamentary Cooperation Committees, and for relations with Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia.", "Q115329": "Camag\u00fcey (Spanish pronunciation: [kama\u02c8\u0263wej]) is a city and municipality in central Cuba and is the nation's third-largest city with more than 321,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of the Camag\u00fcey Province. \nIt was founded as Santa Mar\u00eda del Puerto del Pr\u00edncipe in 1514, by Spanish colonists on the northern coast and moved inland in 1528, to the site of a Taino village named Camag\u00fcey. It was one of the seven original settlements (villas) founded in Cuba by the Spanish. After Henry Morgan burned the city in the 17th century, it was redesigned like a maze so attackers would find it hard to move around inside the city.\nThe symbol of the city of Camag\u00fcey is the clay pot or tinaj\u00f3n, used to capture rain water and keep it fresh. Camag\u00fcey is also the birthplace of Ignacio Agramonte (1841), an important figure of the Ten Years' War against Spain. A monument by Italian sculptor Salvatore Buemi, erected in the center of the area to Ignacio Agramonte, was unveiled by his wife in 1912. It is composed of an equestrian statue, reliefs in bronze that reveal fragments of the life of Agramonte, and a sculpture of a woman that symbolizes the motherland.\nIn July 2008, the old town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "Q738786": "S\u00e1ndor Br\u00f3dy (July 23, 1863 in Eger \u2013 August 12, 1924 in Budapest) was a Hungarian author and journalist.\nAfter attending the schools of that city he devoted himself entirely to literature. From 1888 to 1890 he was editor of the \"Erd\u00e9lyi H\u00edrad\u00f3\", published at Kolozsv\u00e1r (present-day Cluj-Napoca), and was also connected with the \"Erd\u00e9lyi K\u00e9pes Ujs\u00e1g\" and the political daily \"Magyars\u00e1g\". Since 1890 he was a member of the \"Magyar H\u00edrlap\", and since 1882 a prolific contributor of articles, feuilletons, stories, and novels to the leading literary publications of Hungary. In his works he depicts the dark side of life, and is a disciple of the modern French realistic school.\nIn 1995, the literary award S\u00e1ndor Br\u00f3dy prize recognizing the best first novel of the year published in Hungarian was established in his honor by his grandson, the Hungarian American Alexander Brody.\nBr\u00f3dy S\u00e1ndor utca, named after him, is located in central Budapest. Map of Brody Sandor Utca\nBrody House hotel and club is named after him.", "Q1052501": "Association A\u00e9ronautique et Astronautique de France (3AF or AAAF) is the French national aeronautical and astronautical association. It is located in Paris.It has been created in 1971 from the Association Fran\u00e7aise des Ing\u00e9nieurs et Techniciens de l'A\u00e9ronautique et de l'Espace (AFITAE) created in 1945 and the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise d'Astronautique (SFA) created in 1955.The 3AF activity is to bring together people interested, for professional or personal reasons, in the aerospace sector to represent their point of view and to help the development of scientific and technological knowledge related to the aerospace industry and its history. Its members are mostly technicians, engineers and researchers. Its industrial partners are the largest industries in national and European industry, such as Alcatel Space, EADS and Arianespace. It also has honorary members.\n3AF is a founding member of the Confederation of European Aerospace Societies (CEAS) together with the equivalent German association Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Luft - und Raumfahrt Lilienthal - Oberth eV (DGLR), Britain's Royal Aeronautical Society (RAES) and the Italian Italian Association of Aeronautics and Astronantica (AIDA).", "Q67989": "Linescio is a municipality in the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q1683315": "Jonathan Marc Rothberg (born 1963) is an American scientist and entrepreneur. He is best known for his contributions to next-generation DNA sequencing. He works and resides in Guilford, Connecticut.", "Q381296": "Faiz Ahmad Faiz MBE, NI\n(Urdu: \u0641\u064e\u06cc\u0636 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064e\u06cc\u0636 \u200e), (13 February 1911 \u2013 20 November 1984) was a Pakistani Marxist, poet, and author in Urdu. He was one of the most celebrated writers of the Urdu language in Pakistan. Outside literature, he has been described as \"a man of wide experience\" having been a teacher, an army officer, a journalist, a trade unionist and a broadcaster.Among other accolades, Faiz was nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature and won the Lenin Peace Prize.Born in Punjab, India, Faiz went on to study at Government College and Oriental College. He went on to serve in the British Indian Army. After Pakistan's independence, Faiz became the editor to The Pakistan Times and a leading member of the Communist Party before being arrested in 1951 as an alleged part of conspiracy to overthrow the Liaquat administration and replace it with a left-wing government.Faiz was released after four years in prison and went on to become a notable member of the Progressive Writers' Movement and eventually an aide to Bhutto administration, before being self-exiled to Beirut. Faiz was an avowed Marxist, and he received the Lenin Peace Prize by the Soviet Union in 1962. His work remains influential in Pakistan literature and arts. Faiz's literary work was posthumously publicly honoured when the Pakistan Government conferred upon him the nation's highest civil award, Nishan-e-Imtiaz, in 1990.", "Q165816": "Dara Singh Randhawa (born Deedar Singh Randhawa; 19 November 1928 \u2013 12 July 2012) was an Indian professional wrestler, actor and politician. He started acting in 1952 and was the first sportsman to be nominated to the Rajya Sabha (upper house) of India. He worked as Hindi and Punjabi film producer, director and writer, and he acted in films and television. He is known for his undefeated worldwide streak in wrestling and later being a successful movie star. His role of Hanuman in film Bajrangi (1976) and in Ramanand Sagar's Ramayan made him popular.", "Q949": "John Bardeen (; May 23, 1908 \u2013 January 30, 1991) was an American physicist. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon N Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of conventional superconductivity known as the BCS theory.The transistor revolutionized the electronics industry, making possible the development of almost every modern electronic device, from telephones to computers, and ushering in the Information Age. Bardeen's developments in superconductivity\u2014for which he was awarded his second Nobel Prize\u2014are used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and medical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).\nIn 1990, Bardeen appeared on LIFE Magazine's list of \"100 Most Influential Americans of the Century.\"", "Q29358": "Orienteering is a group of sports that require navigational skills using a map and compass to navigate from point to point in diverse and usually unfamiliar terrain whilst moving at speed. Participants are given a topographical map, usually a specially prepared orienteering map, which they use to find control points. Originally a training exercise in land navigation for military officers, orienteering has developed many variations. Among these, the oldest and the most popular is foot orienteering. For the purposes of this article, foot orienteering serves as a point of departure for discussion of all other variations, but almost any sport that involves racing against a clock and requires navigation with a map is a type of orienteering.\nOrienteering is included in the programs of world sporting events including the World Games (see Orienteering at the World Games) and World Police and Fire Games.\n\n", "Q104224": "Evelyn Hecht-Galinski (born 1949, in Berlin) is a German activist, an outspoken critic of Israel's policies towards Palestinians and a member of the group European Jews for a Just Peace. She is a daughter of Heinz Galinski, a former president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany.\nIn a highly publicized interview with German radio, Hecht-Galinski described the Central Council as the \"mouthpiece of the Israeli government in Germany,\" criticized \"Israel's criminal actions,\" and equated Israeli policies with those of Nazi Germany. \nThe German journalist Henryk Broder wrote a letter to the radio program criticizing Ms. Hecht-Galinski, saying: \"Her specialty is intellectually vapid anti-semitic anti-Zionist phrases -- such as are currently in fashion.\" Following the publication of Broder's letter on the blog Achse des Guten (The Axis of Good), Hecht-Galinski sued for libel of her description as being \"anti-Semitic\". In September 2008 the Landgericht K\u00f6ln ruled that he must not repeat this statement, a decision which Broder successfully appealed. In June 2009, the regional court in Cologne dismissed her defamation suit.", "Q57692": "Victor Viorel Ponta (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8viktor \u02c8ponta]; born 20 September 1972) is a Romanian jurist and politician, who served as Prime Minister of Romania between his appointment by President Traian B\u0103sescu in May 2012 and his resignation in November 2015. A former member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and its leader from 2010 to 2015, he was also joint leader (2012\u20132014) of the then-governing Social Liberal Union (USL), an alliance with the National Liberal Party (PNL). Ponta has been a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Gorj County since 2004. In the Emil Boc cabinet, he was Minister-Delegate for Relations with Parliament from 2008 to 2009.\nPonta began his time as head of government with a victory for his alliance in local elections, as well as criticism from civil society after several prominent B\u0103sescu-associated figures in government-funded culture and history institutes were removed or resigned from their posts. Eventually, a political crisis broke out with the replacement of the heads of each legislative chamber and an attempt to dismiss B\u0103sescu \u2013 an effort that ultimately failed when the subsequent impeachment referendum was invalidated by the Constitutional Court due to low turnout. Meanwhile, Ponta was the subject of controversy due to allegations of plagiarism in his doctoral thesis. Seven months after gaining office, Ponta helped lead the USL to a decisive victory in parliamentary elections, prompting his appointment to a full four-year term as premier. A little over a year later, the USL fell apart and Ponta formed a new cabinet with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR) as coalition partners.\nA finalist in the November 2014 presidential election, Ponta lost to PNL candidate Klaus Iohannis. The following month, the UDMR quit government, prompting Ponta to form a fourth cabinet, with the Conservative Party (PC) and the Liberal Reformist Party (PLR) as junior partners. The cabinet was in office for slightly less than a year, resigning in the wake of the Colectiv nightclub fire.", "Q133488": "Kwaidan (\u602a\u8ac7, Kaidan, literally \"ghost stories\") is a 1965 Japanese anthology horror film directed by Masaki Kobayashi. It is based on stories from Lafcadio Hearn's collections of Japanese folk tales, mainly Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things, for which it is named. The film consists of four separate and unrelated stories. Kwaidan is an archaic transliteration of Kaidan, meaning \"ghost story\". It won the Special Jury Prize at the 1965 Cannes Film Festival, and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Language Film.\n\n", "Q259831": "It Rains on Our Love (Swedish: Det regnar p\u00e5 v\u00e5r k\u00e4rlek) is a 1946 Swedish drama film directed by Ingmar Bergman. The screenplay was written by Herbert Grevenius and Bergman, based on the Norwegian play Bra Mennesker (Good People) by Oskar Braaten. It Rains on Our Love is the first film directed by Bergman to include actor Gunnar Bj\u00f6rnstrand in a credited role (he also had a credited role in Bergman's screenwriting debut Torment (1944)). Bj\u00f6rnstrand would go on to act in nearly twenty of Bergman's films.", "Q818073": "Benny Spellman (December 11, 1931 \u2013 June 3, 2011) was an American R&B singer, best known for the 1962 single \"Lipstick Traces (on a Cigarette)\" and its B-side \"Fortune Teller\", both written by Allen Toussaint (credited as Naomi Neville).\n\"Lipstick Traces\" reached #28 on the US Billboard Black singles chart and #80 on the Billboard Hot 100, while \"Fortune Teller\" was later performed many other artists including The Who and The Rolling Stones. Spellman variously worked with Toussaint, Earl King (\"Trick Bag\"), Huey \"Piano\" Smith, Ernie K-Doe, Wilson Pickett, The Neville Brothers and The O'Jays.Spellman was born in Pensacola, Florida. He sang backing vocals on Ernie K-Doe's number one hit record, \"Mother in Law\". He recorded a single, \"Word Game\", on Atlantic Records in 1965, but later semi-retired from music to work in the beer industry.In 1988, Collectables Records issued a retrospective album of 16 of Spellman's recordings from the 1960s. In 2009, he was inducted into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame.Spellman died of respiratory failure in June 2011, at the age of 79.", "Q4069349": "Ariel (Russian: \u0410\u0440\u0438\u044d\u043b\u044c) are a \"VIA\" (pop/rock) band based in Chelyabinsk, Russia.\nThey were formed in 1970 and headed by Valery Yarushin. From 1989 to the present day, they have been headed by Rostislav Gepp. The group emerged from a fusion of two earlier (1960s) ensembles, called Ariel and Allegro. Yarushin, who had been in charge of Allegro, became the manager of the new group. \nThe band was popular during the Soviet era and won several awards. Their performances often made use of material of Russian folk music.\n\n", "Q231541": "Briana Barbara-Jane Evigan (born October 23, 1986) is an American actress, dancer, singer, songwriter and choreographer best known for her roles in the Step Up series and for her scream queen roles in numerous horror films. Born in Los Angeles, Evigan is the daughter of actor Greg Evigan and his wife Pamela, a dancer, model and choreographer. She began dancing and acting at a young age, graduating from Los Angeles Valley College with a degree in speech and communication.\nEvigan began dancing professionally and appeared in numerous music videos, most notably \"Numb\" by Linkin Park (2003). She also started acting and had small roles in films such as Bottom's Up (2006) and television series such as Fear Itself (2008). She made her breakthrough when she appeared as Andrea \"Andie\" West in the dance film Step Up 2: The Streets (2008). She has since been noted as a Scream Queen for starring in numerous horror and thriller films, including S. Darko (2009), Sorority Row (2009), Burning Bright (2010), Mother's Day (2010), The Devil's Carnival (2012), Stash House (2012), Mine Games (2012), Alleluia! The Devil's Carnival (2016) and the second season of From Dusk Till Dawn (2015).", "Q1685764": "Jean Pisani-Ferry (born July 28, 1951) is a French economist and public policy expert. He served as Commissioner General for Policy Planning under Prime Minister Manuel Valls. He is also a professor at the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin and at the European University Institute.\nPrior to this appointment, he was Director of Bruegel, the Brussels-based economic think tank. He was also a professor of economics with Universit\u00e9 Paris-Dauphine.Since 2010, he has written monthly columns for international media organization Project Syndicate.", "Q120392": "J\u00f6rg Andreas Kachelmann (born 15 July 1958 in L\u00f6rrach, Germany) is a Swiss presenter, journalist and entrepreneur in the meteorological field.", "Q64258": "W\u00fcrenlos is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. It lies north of the river Limmat, next to the canton of Z\u00fcrich, located in the Limmat Valley (German: Limmattal).", "Q534110": "Leonardo Fioravanti (born 1938) is an Italian automobile designer and CEO of Fioravanti Srl.", "Q52932": "Frederick I (Swedish: Fredrik I; 28 April 1676 \u2013 5 April 1751) was prince consort of Sweden from 1718 to 1720, and King of Sweden from 1720 until his death and (as Frederick I) also Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1730. He ascended the throne following the death of his brother-in-law absolutist Charles XII in the Great Northern War, and the abdication of his wife, Charles's sister and successor Ulrika Eleonora, after she had to relinquish most powers to the Riksdag of the Estates and thus chose to abdicate. His powerless reign and lack of legitimate heirs of his own saw his family's elimination from the line of succession after the parliamentary government dominated by pro-revanchist Hat Party politicians ventured into a war with Russia, which ended in defeat and the Russian tsarina Elizabeth getting Adolph Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp instated following the death of the king.", "Q116620": "Nicol\u00e1s Eduardo Lindley L\u00f3pez (November 16, 1908 \u2013 May 3, 1995) was a Peruvian military commander who headed the military government in Peru for several months in 1963 and served as the 56th President of Peru (2nd President of the Military Junta).", "Q2526255": "A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. A film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay (or script) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfilment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film.The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized, or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the budget.\nThere are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, producers, film editors, or actors. Other film directors have attended a film school. Directors use different approaches. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue, while others control every aspect, and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners. Some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films.", "Q1904139": "Martin Janus (also Martin Jahn, J\u00e4hn and Jan; c. 1620 \u2013 c. 1682) was a German Protestant minister, church musician, hymnwriter, teacher and editor. He wrote the lyrics of the hymn \"Jesu, meiner Seelen Wonne\", which became popular in the arrangement of a Bach chorale as Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring.", "Q545931": "Safiye Ayla (14 July 1907 \u2013 14 January 1998) was one of the most famous singers of Turkish classical music.", "Q317592": "Abdullah Cevdet (Ottoman Turkish: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u200e\u200e; Turkish: Abdullah Cevdet Karl\u0131da\u011f; 9 September 1869 \u2013 29 November 1932) was an Ottoman-born Kurdish intellectual and physician. He was one of the founders of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). In 1908, he turned against the CUP and joined the Democratic Party which merged with the Freedom and Accord Party in 1911. He was also a poet, translator, radical free-thinker, and an ideologist of the Young Turks until 1908.", "Q980000": "Frederick Emmons Terman (; June 7, 1900 \u2013 December 19, 1982) was an American professor and academic administrator. He is widely credited (together with William Shockley) as being the father of Silicon Valley.\n\n", "Q604725": "Psychological horror is a subgenre of horror and psychological fiction that relies on mental, emotional and psychological states to frighten, disturb, or unsettle its audience. The subgenre frequently overlaps with the related subgenre of psychological thriller, and it often uses mystery elements and characters with unstable, unreliable, or disturbed psychological states to enhance the suspense, drama, action, and paranoia of the setting and plot and to provide an overall unpleasant, unsettling, or distressing atmosphere.\n\n", "Q105112": "The Swedish Social Democratic Party (Swedish: Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti, SAP; literally Social Democratic Workers' Party of Sweden), contesting elections as Arbetarepartiet\u2013Socialdemokraterna (The Workers Party \u2013 The Social Democrats) and usually referred to just as the Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterna), is the oldest and largest political party in Sweden. From the mid-1930s to the 1980s, the Social Democratic Party won more than 40% of the vote. From 1932 to 1976, the Social Democratic Party was continuously in government. The current party leader since 2012 is Stefan L\u00f6fven, who has also been Prime Minister of Sweden since 2014.", "Q197470": "Headspace is a 2005 psychological horror film directed by Andrew van den Houten. The screenplay was written by Steve Klausner and William M. Miller, based on a story by Troy McCombs.", "Q61308": "Adolf Cardinal Bertram (14 March 1859 \u2013 6 July 1945) was archbishop of Breslau (now Wroc\u0142aw, Poland) and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.", "Q1360523": "Luis Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn International Airport (IATA: SJU, ICAO: TJSJ, FAA LID: SJU) (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional Luis Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn, also known as Isla Verde International Airport/Aeropuerto Internacional de Isla Verde) is a joint civil-military international airport named for Puerto Rico's first democratically elected governor and located in suburban Carolina, Puerto Rico, three miles (five kilometres) southeast of San Juan. It is the busiest airport in the Caribbean region by passenger traffic. Over 4 million passengers board a plane at the airport per year according to the Federal Aviation Administration.The airport is owned by the Puerto Rico Ports Authority and managed by Aerostar Airport Holdings, a public\u2013private partnership which was awarded a lease by the government of Puerto Rico to operate and manage the airport for 40 years beginning in 2013. SJU is the second international airport to be privatized in the United States or its territories, and, as of 2013, is the only currently privatized airport in the nation. Taxis and rental cars can transport travelers to and from the airport. The airport serves as a gateway to the Caribbean islands. SJU covers 1,600 acres (647 ha) of land.\n\n", "Q198743": "David Mackenzie Ogilvy (; 23 June 1911 \u2013 21 July 1999) was a British advertising tycoon, founder of Ogilvy & Mather, and known as the \"Father of Advertising\". Trained at the Gallup research organisation, he attributed the success of his campaigns to meticulous research into consumer habits.", "Q706898": "Evert Willem Beth (7 July 1908 \u2013 12 April 1964) was a Dutch philosopher and logician, whose work principally concerned the foundations of mathematics. He was a member of the Significs Group.", "Q76674": "Hermann-Josef Kaltenborn (January 1, 1921 in Essen \u2013 March 29, 1999 in Stolberg near Aachen) was a German politician and a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He was mayor of Stolberg for 10 years.\nKaltenborn moved to Stolberg in 1946 and began working for the SPD. He became a member of the city council of Stolberg. In 1979 Kaltenborn was elected as mayor of Stolberg and succeeded Bernhard Kuckelkorn. Kaltenborn took care of restoring the ancient part of the city.\nIn 1989 he lost the position as mayor to Wolfgang Hennig.", "Q60016": "Kiss the Girls is a 1997 American neo-noir psychological thriller film directed by Gary Fleder and starring Morgan Freeman, Ashley Judd, and Cary Elwes. The screenplay by David Klass is based on James Patterson's best-selling 1995 novel of the same name. A sequel titled Along Came a Spider was released in 2001.", "Q2978": "Regensburg (US: , German: [\u02c8\u0281e\u02d0\u0261n\u0329sb\u028a\u0250\u032fk] (listen); older English: Ratisbon ; Austro-Bavarian: Rengschburg or Rengschburch) is a city in south-east Germany, at the confluence of the Danube, Naab and Regen rivers. With more than 150,000 inhabitants, Regensburg is the fourth-largest city in the State of Bavaria after Munich, Nuremberg and Augsburg. The city is the political, economic and cultural centre and capital of the Upper Palatinate.\nThe medieval centre of the city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 2014, Regensburg was among the top sights and travel attractions in Germany.", "Q821802": "Cameo Records was an American record label that flourished in the 1920s. It was owned by the Cameo Record Corporation in New York City.Cameo released a disc by Lucille Hegamin every two months from 1921 to 1926. Cameo records are also noted for dance music. The catalogue also included the Original Memphis Five and the Varsity Eight. Musicians such as Red Nichols, Miff Mole, Adrian Rollini, and Frank Signorelli made trips to the Cameo studios. In 1926, Cameo started recording using a microphone-electrical process. An interesting blues number is 583, \"Crazy Blues\", by Salt & Pepper. Listen to the podcast at 26:46, where the disc is mentioned as an \"early electric\".\nThe Cameo Record Corporation started Lincoln Records (1924) and Romeo Records (1926). In 1928 it merged with Path\u00e9 Records, and then the American Record Corporation. The resulting company stopped using the Cameo name in the 1930s.This label is not affiliated with Cameo-Parkway Records which was active in the 1950s and 1960s.", "Q1789604": "Krnov (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8kr\u0329nof]; German: J\u00e4gerndorf, Polish: Karni\u00f3w or Krn\u00f3w, Latin: Carnovia) is an Upper Silesian town in the northeastern Czech Republic, in the Moravian-Silesian Region, the District of Brunt\u00e1l. It lies at the confluence of the rivers Opava and Opavice, near the Polish border.", "Q726590": "Immanuel Nobel the Younger ( noh-BEL, Swedish: [n\u028a\u02c8b\u025bl\u02d0]; 24 March 1801 \u2013 3 September 1872) was a Swedish engineer, architect, inventor and industrialist. He was the inventor of the rotary lathe used in plywood manufacturing. He was a member of the Nobel family and the father of Robert Nobel, Ludvig Nobel and Alfred Nobel. In 1827 he married the children's mother, Andriette Ahlsell. He also often experimented with nitroglycerin with his sons, which led to his son Emil Oskar Nobel's death because of an explosion at his father's factory Heleneborg in Stockholm in 1864.\nNobel moved to Russia from Sweden in 1838, to sell his inventions in Saint Petersburg, where he lived for two decades with his family. In Saint Petersburg he was attached to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saint Katarina along with other Swedes such as Johan Patrik Ljungstr\u00f6m, with whom he may have collaborated. Among his successful creations was an improved version of an underwater exploding mine that personally interested Tsar Nicholas I of Russia. Immanuel founded a war supplies factory, Fonderies et Ateliers M\u00e9caniques Nobel Fils, which turned out to be a very profitable business. However, the death of Nicholas I in 1855 and the end of the Crimean War in 1856 brought about a shift in Russian policies and the new Tsar Alexander II ordered a severe cut in the military budget that eventually placed Immanuel's company in serious economic difficulties. In 1859, the technical management of Nobel Fils was passed to Immanuel's son Ludvig and the former returned to Sweden. In 1862, Immanuel's firm was finally sold by his creditors.", "Q1678831": "Jacob \"Jake\" Kasdan (born October 28, 1974) is an American film and television director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. He is best known for directing Bad Teacher (2011), Sex Tape (2014), Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017) and Jumanji: The Next Level (2019).", "Q1320107": "Pietro Torrisi (born 20 January 1940) aka \"Peter McCoy\" is an Italian stuntman and actor. He appeared in more than 100 films since 1960.\n\n", "Q160946": "Paris, Texas is a 1984 road movie directed by Wim Wenders and starring Harry Dean Stanton, Dean Stockwell, Nastassja Kinski, and Hunter Carson. The screenplay was written by L. M. Kit Carson and playwright Sam Shepard, while the distinctive musical score was composed by Ry Cooder. The film was a co-production between companies in France and West Germany, and was shot in the United States by Robby M\u00fcller.\nThe plot focuses on a vagabond named Travis (Stanton) who, after mysteriously wandering out of the desert in a dissociative fugue, attempts to reunite with his brother (Stockwell) and seven-year-old son (Carson). After reconnecting with his son, Travis and the boy end up embarking on a voyage through the American Southwest to track down Travis' long-missing wife (Kinski).\nAt the 1984 Cannes Film Festival, the film won the Palme d'Or from the official jury, as well as the FIPRESCI Prize and the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury. It went on to win other honors and critical acclaim.", "Q1691739": "Joel Rubin (born October 14, 1955 in Los Angeles) is an American musician and a leading performer of klezmer music.", "Q449689": "John William Snow (born August 2, 1939) is the former CEO of CSX Corporation, and served as the 73rd United States Secretary of the Treasury under U.S. President George W. Bush. He replaced Secretary Paul O'Neill on February 3, 2003 and was succeeded by Henry Paulson on July 3, 2006, in a move that had been anticipated. Snow submitted a letter of resignation on May 30, 2006, effective \"after an orderly transition period for my successor.\" Snow announced on June 29, 2006 that he had completed his last day on the job; Robert Kimmitt served as acting secretary until Paulson was sworn in.\nSnow is currently the Chairman of Cerberus Capital Management.", "Q117516": "Adolf Guyer-Zeller (1 May 1839 \u2013 3 April 1899) was a Swiss entrepreneur.", "Q91951": "Heinz Neukirchen (January 13, 1915 \u2013 December 8, 1986) was an officer of the Kriegsmarine in World War II, and a Vizeadmiral in the People's Navy (Volksmarine) of the German Democratic Republic as well as President of the East German Directorate of Maritime and Port Industries. He was the author of several maritime books.\nNeukirchen was born in Duisburg, Germany, the son of a small farmer and vegetable dealer. After graduation from high school he worked an internship from 1931 to 1932, then one year as a freelancer for the D\u00fcsseldorfer News. Neukirchen began service in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine in 1935. As a crewmember of the German cruiser K\u00f6ln Neukirchen served in the Spanish Civil War and received the Spanish Cross. From 1939 to 1940, holding the rank of a boatswain, he was a harbor protection commander. Following several warrant officer courses, Neukirchen served from 1943 to 1944 as a watch officer on a mine ship. In the last year of World War II, he was a Lieutenant and commander of Submarine chaser stationed in Norway. In addition to this duty he became a National-Socialist guidance officer in 1944 and served in 1945 as a battery commander of Naval infantry. From 1945 to 1949 he was in Soviet captivity.\nHe joined the National Democratic Party of Germany (NDPD) in 1949, and worked until 1950 as a manager of the NDPD political department in Mecklenburg. After one year he became the Deputy Chairman of the Board of the NDPD for the Berlin district.\nNeukirchen joined the Main Administration Sea Police (Hauptverwaltung Seepolizei (HVS)) on March 1, 1951. From 1954 to 1956, Neukirchen was Chief of Staff of the Sea Police. He was appointed to the rank of Rear Admiral on October 1, 1952. In 1956 he attended the Soviet Naval Academy. Upon his return, he served until 1961 as Deputy Chief of the People's Navy (Seestreitkr\u00e4fte/Volksmarine) and as Chief of Staff of the People's Navy command.\nIn 1959, he married Irmgard Neukirchen, a mother of 6 children from a previous husband.\nHe commanded the People's Navy (Volksmarine) from 1961 to 1963, while Wilhelm Ehm attended the Soviet Naval Academy. After Ehm's return, he served again as a Deputy Chief of the People's Navy and Chief of Staff of the People's Navy command until his retirement from active service on November 30, 1965. On March 1, 1964, he was promoted to Vice Admiral.\nAfter 1965, Neukirchen served as the President of East Germany's Directorate of Maritime and Port Industries. From 1965-67 he also served as the first chairman of the Football Club FC Hansa Rostock.\nNeukirchen died in 1986 in Rostock, GDR.", "Q950751": "Richard Wright (born London, 1960) is an English artist and musician. \nWright was born in London. His family moved to Scotland when he was young. He attended Edinburgh College of Art from 1978 to 1982 and studied at Glasgow School of Art between 1993 and 1995 studying for a Master of Fine Art. He lives in Glasgow. and Norfolk.", "Q111167": "Andreas Stenschke, (26 July 1975) is a German actor and director.", "Q4666209": "Abdulsalam Haykal (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u200e) (born July 14, 1978, in Damascus) is a Syrian technology and media entrepreneur, who lives and works in Damascus, Syria. In 2009, the World Economic Forum named Haykal as a Young Global Leader, the first Syrian to receive this recognition.Haykal is CEO of Transtek, an enterprise software development firm, and of Haykal Media, publisher of the business newsmagazine Aliqtisadi, and the English monthly Forward Magazine. The Report: Emerging Syria 2008 listed Haykal Media with its magazines and online media as one of three main players in the media sector in Syria.Haykal is president of the Syrian Young Entrepreneurs Association (SYEA), an NGO formed as part of the reform process in Syria. He is also a founder and trustee in several other organizations including BIDAYA Foundation, an NGO to help disadvantaged young people to become entrepreneurs by providing business mentoring and charitable micro-loans; and Tumuhi, a national college scholarship fund.Haykal studied at the American University of Beirut, and the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. In June 2007, he was elected as an alumni trustee of the American University of Beirut, the youngest in its history. He is also a trustee of the University of Kalamoon, a private higher education institution in Syria. In April 2010, he was invited by the Obama Administration to the Presidential Summit on Entrepreneurship, in recognition of his business development activities.", "Q376150": "The International Telecommunication Union (ITU; French: Union Internationale des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications or UIT), originally the International Telegraph Union (French: Union T\u00e9l\u00e9graphique Internationale), is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies. It is the oldest global international organization.\nThe ITU coordinates the shared global use of the radio spectrum, promotes international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, works to improve telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world, and assists in the development and coordination of worldwide technical standards. The ITU is also active in the areas of broadband Internet, latest-generation wireless technologies, aeronautical and maritime navigation, radio astronomy, satellite-based meteorology, convergence in fixed-mobile phone, Internet access, data, voice, TV broadcasting, and next-generation networks.", "Q3048308": "Colonel Eduardo Abaroa Hidalgo (October 13, 1838, San Pedro de Atacama \u2013 March 23, 1879) was Bolivia's foremost hero of the War of the Pacific (1879\u20131883), which pitted Chile against Bolivia and Peru. He was one of the leaders of the civilian resistance to the Chilean invasion at the Battle of Top\u00e1ter.\nAbaroa was an engineer by trade, working in a silver mine located in the coastal region of Litoral, which Chile took from Bolivia during the War of the Pacific. During the Battle of Top\u00e1ter (23 March 1879), the first armed clash of the war, Colonel Abaroa was part of a badly outnumbered Bolivian force defending a bridge that crossed the Top\u00e1ter River and gave access to the city of Calama, an important desert oasis on the road to Bolivia. Refusing to surrender, after the outnumbered Bolivian military forces withdrew, he fought to his last breath, a feat that later transformed him into a revered national hero.\nWhen, injured and surrounded, he was asked to surrender by the Chilean forces, he provided an answer that has gone into Bolivian folklore: \"\u00bfRendirme yo? \u00a1Que se rinda su abuela, carajo!\" (\"Surrender? Your grandmother [is who] should surrender, you bastard!\", or \"Surrender, me? Let your grandmother surrender, dammit!\", or, more literally, \"Surrender, me? That your grandmother surrender herself, fuck!\"), equivalent to saying \"Surrender? Surrender my ass!\". According to Chilean folklore, he answered: \"\u00bfQui\u00e9n, yo?\" (\"Who, me?\")", "Q1706451": "Joseph Alphonse Bernard (March 27, 1881 \u2013 September 7, 1962), which later evolved into the anglicized Joseph Alphonsus, was the 16th and first Acadian Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island, serving between 1945 and 1950.\nBorn on March 27, 1881 in Tignish, Prince Edward Island, Bernard was the son of Acadians Theodore Bernard and Anne Perry, who was the daughter of Stanislaus Francis Perry. He received his education in Tignish and in various locations on the island.\nOn September 21, 1909, he married Zo\u00eb Chiasson of Tignish and they had thirteen children. He was a merchant and served as President of the Tignish Merchants Association. He was the Chairman of the Tignish Library and also Civilian Recruiting Director.\nA member of the Liberal Party of Prince Edward Island, Bernard was elected on September 15, 1943 to represent the district of 1st Prince in the Provincial Legislature. He was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Prince Edward Island on May 30, 1945 and served until October 4, 1950.\nHe died at a nursing home in Sherwood at the age of 81.His daughter Marcella married Augustin Gallant.\n\n", "Q467574": "Robert Frank (November 9, 1924 \u2013 September 9, 2019) was a Swiss photographer and documentary filmmaker, who became an American binational. His most notable work, the 1958 book titled The Americans, earned Frank comparisons to a modern-day de Tocqueville for his fresh and nuanced outsider's view of American society. Critic Sean O'Hagan, writing in The Guardian in 2014, said The Americans \"changed the nature of photography, what it could say and how it could say it. [ ... ] it remains perhaps the most influential photography book of the 20th century.\" Frank later expanded into film and video and experimented with manipulating photographs and photomontage.\n\n", "Q479992": "Miksa Feny\u0151 (December 8, 1877 \u2013 April 4, 1972) was a Hungarian writer and intellectual, served as a member of parliament (elected 1931) in the early 1930s, and was appointed as a Minister of Trade and Commerce under the short-lived (24 hours) government cabinet of Prime Minister J\u00e1nos Hadik in 1918.\nHe was also mentor and friend to Hungary's second most important poet laureate (Endre Ady), co-founded the most important periodical in Hungarian literature (Nyugat: \"West\"), and was an instrumental figure in the Hungarian Federation of Industrialists (GYOSZ) prior to World War II and its last managing director during the brief interlude between 1945 and 1947, whereafter he was forced to flee into exile out of concerns for his personal safety after being informed that Stalin wanted him and other petit-bourgeoise to be sent to Siberia.", "Q224164": "The Arizona Cardinals are a professional American football team based in Phoenix, Arizona. The Cardinals compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the National Football Conference (NFC) West division. The team was founded as the Morgan Athletic Club in 1898, and are the oldest continuously run professional football team in the United States. The Cardinals play their home games at State Farm Stadium, which opened in 2006 and is located in the northwestern suburb of Glendale.\nThe team was established in Chicago in 1898 as an amateur football team and joined the NFL as a charter member on September 17, 1920. Along with the Chicago Bears, the club is one of two NFL charter member franchises still in operation since the league's founding (the Green Bay Packers were an independent team until they joined the NFL a year after its creation in 1921). The club then moved to St. Louis in 1960 and played in that city through 1987 (sometimes referred to locally in St. Louis as the \"Football Cardinals\", the \"Gridbirds\" or the \"Big Red\" to avoid confusion with the Major League Baseball team of the same name). Before the 1988 season, the team moved west to Tempe, Arizona, a college suburb east of Phoenix, and played their home games for the next 18 seasons at Sun Devil Stadium on the campus of Arizona State University. In 2006, the club moved to their current home field in Glendale, although the team's executive offices and training facility remain in Tempe.\nThe franchise has won two NFL championships, both while it was based in Chicago. The first occurred in 1925, but is the subject of controversy, with supporters of the Pottsville Maroons believing that Pottsville should have won the title. Their second title, and the first to be won in a championship game, came in 1947, nearly two decades before the first Super Bowl. They returned to the title game to defend in 1948, but lost the rematch 7\u20130 in a snowstorm in Philadelphia.\nSince winning the championship in 1947, the team suffered many losing seasons, and currently holds the longest active championship drought of North American sports at 72 consecutive seasons. In 2012 the Cardinals became the first NFL franchise to lose 700 games since its inception. The franchise's all-time win-loss record (including regular season and playoff games) at the conclusion of the 2019 season is 565\u2013772\u201341 (558\u2013763\u201341 in the regular season, 7\u20139 in the playoffs). They have been to the playoffs ten times and have won seven playoff games, three of which were victories during their run in the 2008\u201309 NFL playoffs. During that season, they won their only NFC Championship Game since the 1970 AFL\u2013NFL merger, and reached Super Bowl XLIII (losing 27\u201323 to the Pittsburgh Steelers). The team has also won five division titles (1974, 1975, 2008, 2009 and 2015) since their 1947\u201348 NFL championship game appearances. The Cardinals are the only NFL team who have never lost a playoff game at home, with a 5\u20130 record: the 1947 NFL Championship Game, two postseason victories during the aforementioned 2008\u201309 NFL playoffs, one during the 2009\u201310 playoffs, and one during the 2015\u201316 playoffs.\nFrom 1988 to 2012 (except 2005, when they trained in Prescott), the Cardinals conducted their annual summer training camp at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff. The Cardinals moved their training camp to State Farm Stadium (then known as University of Phoenix Stadium) in 2013. The stadium was the site of the 2015 Pro Bowl, unlike in past years, where it was held at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii. The stadium also played host to Super Bowls XLII and XLIX, and will host Super Bowl LVII in 2023.", "Q86593": "George Froeschel (9 March 1891 \u2013 22 November 1979) was an Austrian novelist and screenwriter. In 1943, he received two Academy Award nominations for co-writing screenplays for Mrs. Miniver and Random Harvest. He won the Academy Award for Mrs. Miniver.", "Q101412": "Dr. Herbert Albrecht (12 January 1900, Altenburg, Saxe-Altenburg \u2013 13 June 1945) was a Gauleiter (regional party leader) of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) from 1930 to 1931. Herbert Albrecht was a member of the Reichstag 1930 - 1945.", "Q977488": "Finley Peter Dunne (July 10, 1867 \u2013 April 24, 1936) was an American humorist and writer from Chicago. In 1898 Dunne published Mr. Dooley in Peace and in War, a collection of his nationally syndicated Mr. Dooley sketches. Speaking with the thick verbiage and accent of an Irish immigrant from County Roscommon, the fictional Mr. Dooley expounded upon political and social issues of the day from his South Side Chicago Irish pub. Dunne's sly humor and political acumen won the support of President Theodore Roosevelt, a frequent target of Mr. Dooley's barbs. Dunne's sketches became so popular and such a litmus test of public opinion that they were read each week at White House cabinet meetings.\n\n", "Q330663": "My Name Is Khan is a 2010 Indian drama film directed by Karan Johar, produced by Hiroo Yash Johar and Gauri Khan, and starring Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol in lead roles. The film was jointly produced by Dharma Productions and Red Chillies Entertainment and was distributed by FOX Star Entertainment, which had bought the rights for the film for a sum of \u20b9100 crore (US$14 million), making it the most expensive Bollywood film of 2010. It is also the highest buy over for any Indian film, surpassing Ghajini's record of \u20b990 crore (equivalent to \u20b9202 crore or US$28 million in 2019).Before its release, the film generated a great deal of publicity for itself due to three main reasons: first, the multiple political controversies surrounding the film and its lead actor; second, Khan's presence in the film (he was last seen in a leading actor role in December 2008, when Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi was released); and third, the reunion of the \"golden pair\" of Khan and Kajol, who last appeared together in the film Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... in 2001.My Name Is Khan debuted in Abu Dhabi, UAE, on 10 February 2010. It premiered globally in cinemas on 12 February 2010. It was also screened as part of the 60th Berlin International Film Festival's official selection the same month.Upon its release, the film broke many box office records. My Name Is Khan was the highest-grossing Indian film overseas at the time, the first to gross over \u20b9100 crore (equivalent to \u20b9166 crore or US$23 million in 2019) overseas, before it was overtaken by 3 Idiots (2009) in 2011. Within four weeks, the film crossed the \u20b970 crore (US$9.8 million) mark in India and became the first film of 2010 to do so. In overseas markets, the film grossed US23.5 million. My Name Is Khan earned a worldwide gross of \u20b9223 crore (US$31 million). The film was released in India on DVD on 28 April 2010. Blu-ray in India, plus a DVD release worldwide followed on 10 August 2010.My Name Is Khan received a leading 10 nominations at the 56th Filmfare Awards, including Best Film, and won three awards, that included Best Director for Karan Johar, Best Actor for Shah Rukh Khan, and Best Actress for Kajol.", "Q96780": "Charles Fey (born August Fey in V\u00f6hringen, Bavaria) (September 9, 1862 \u2013 November 10, 1944) was a San Francisco mechanic best known for inventing the slot machine.", "Q235069": "Mary Baker Eddy (July 16, 1821 \u2013 December 3, 1910) was an American religious leader and author who founded The Church of Christ, Scientist, in New England in 1879. She also founded the Christian Science Monitor, a Pulitzer Prize winning secular newspaper, in 1908; and three religious magazines: the Christian Science Sentinel, The Christian Science Journal, and The Herald of Christian Science. She wrote numerous books and articles, the most notable of which was Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures which had sold over nine million copies as of 2001.Members of The First Church of Christ, Scientist consider Eddy the \"discoverer\" of Christian Science, and adherents are therefore known as Christian Scientists or students of Christian Science. The church is sometimes informally known as the Christian Science church.\nEddy was named one of the \"100 Most Significant Americans of All Time\" in 2014 by Smithsonian Magazine, and her book Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures was ranked as one of the \"75 Books By Women Whose Words Have Changed The World,\" by the Women's National Book Association.", "Q722090": "Giovanni Bisignani (born 1946) is an Italian businessman, who was Director General and Chief Executive Officer of the International Air Transport Association from 2002 to 2011.", "Q1536258": "Southern Methodist University (SMU) is a private research university in University Park, Texas, with satellite campuses in Plano, Texas and Taos, New Mexico. SMU was founded in April 17, 1911 by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South\u2014now part of the United Methodist Church\u2014in partnership with Dallas civic leaders. However, it is nonsectarian in its teaching and enrolls students of all religious affiliations. It is classified among \"R-2: Doctoral Universities \u2013 High Research Activity\".As of fall 2018, the university had 11,824 students, including 6,710 undergraduates and 5,114 postgraduates, from all 50 states and 85 countries. Its instructional faculty is 1,151, with 754 being full-time. The university grants degrees from eight schools: Edwin L. Cox School of Business, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, Dedman School of Law, Bobby B. Lyle School of Engineering, Algur H. Meadows School of the Arts, Moody School of Graduate and Advanced Studies, Perkins School of Theology, and Annette Caldwell Simmons School of Education and Human Development. It also awards a Master of Interactive Technology (MIT) in Digital Game Development from SMU Guildhall.", "Q638962": "Simon Bolivar Buckner ( SY-m\u0259n BOL-i-v\u0259r BUK-n\u0259r; April 1, 1823 \u2013 January 8, 1914) was an American soldier and politician who fought in the United States Army in the Mexican\u2013American War and in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He later served as the 30th governor of Kentucky.\nAfter graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point, Buckner became an instructor there. He took a hiatus from teaching to serve in the Mexican\u2013American War, participating in many of the major battles of that conflict. He resigned from the army in 1855 to manage his father-in-law's real estate in Chicago, Illinois. He returned to his native state of Kentucky in 1857 and was appointed adjutant general by Governor Beriah Magoffin in 1861. In this position, he tried to enforce Kentucky's neutrality policy in the early days of the Civil War. When the state's neutrality was breached, Buckner accepted a commission in the Confederate Army after declining a similar commission to the Union Army. In 1862, he accepted Ulysses S. Grant's demand for an \"unconditional surrender\" at the Battle of Fort Donelson. He was the first Confederate general to surrender an army in the war. He spent five months as a prisoner of war. After his release, Buckner participated in Braxton Bragg's failed invasion of Kentucky and near the end of the war became chief of staff to Edmund Kirby Smith in the Trans-Mississippi Department.\nIn the years following the war, Buckner became active in politics. He was elected governor of Kentucky in 1887. It was his second campaign for that office. His term was plagued by violent feuds in the eastern part of the state, including the Hatfield\u2013McCoy feud and the Rowan County War. His administration was rocked by scandal when state treasurer James \"Honest Dick\" Tate absconded with $250,000 from the state's treasury. As governor, Buckner became known for vetoing special interest legislation. In the 1888 legislative session alone, he issued more vetoes than the previous ten governors combined. In 1895, he made an unsuccessful bid for a seat in the U.S. Senate. The following year, he joined the National Democratic Party, or \"Gold Democrats\", who favored a gold standard policy over the Free Silver position of the mainline Democrats. He was the Gold Democrats' candidate for Vice President of the United States in the 1896 election, but polled just over one percent of the vote on a ticket with John M. Palmer. He never again sought public office and died January 8, 1914.\n\n", "Q89878": "Gerald H\u00e4fner (born 3 November 1956 in Munich) is a German politician who served as an MEP for Alliance '90/The Greens between 2009 and 2014. He had three separate spells as a member of the Bundestag between 1987 and 2002 (1987-1990, 1994-1998 and 2001-2002). In 1980 he was one of the founding members of the Greens.In addition to his committee assignments, H\u00e4fner was a member of the European Parliament's Advisory Committee on the Conduct of Members from 2012 until 2014.", "Q702340": "Massacre Records is an independent record label based in Abstatt, Germany. \nThe label was founded in 1991 by Torsten Hartmann. The label specializes in bands of the harder genres of metal. Connected to Massacre Records is the marketing and music wholesale Metal Merchant, the sub-labels Blue Rose Records and Gutter Records for the singer/songwriter genre and for German metal respectively and the music publisher Sylvian Music. Massacre Records also distributes athe albums of the gothic metal label MCM Music.From 1995 to 2000, Massacre Records maintained the sub-label Swanlake Records for its gothic metal and folk metal output. The best-known artists published on Swanlake were Skyclad, Atrocity, Theatre of Tragedy and Liv Kristine.The best-selling albums released by Massacre became Velvet Darkness They Fear and A\u00e9gis by Theatre of Tragedy, and Werk 80 by Atrocity.", "Q64516": "M\u00fchlau is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q229440": "Nicollette Sheridan (born 21 November 1963) is an English-American actress, writer and producer. She began her career as a fashion model, before landing a role in the short-lived ABC primetime soap opera Paper Dolls in 1984. The following year, she starred in the romantic comedy film The Sure Thing.\nSheridan is best known for her roles on television. From 1986 to 1993, she played Paige Matheson on the CBS primetime soap opera Knots Landing, for which she won two Soap Opera Digest Awards. She later had leading roles in numerous made-for-television movies and miniseries, including Lucky Chances (1990), Virus (1995), and The People Next Door (1996). She has also made a number of feature film appearances, including roles in Noises Off (1992), Spy Hard (1996), Beverly Hills Ninja (1997), and Code Name: The Cleaner (2007).\nIn 2004, Sheridan began starring as Edie Britt in the ABC comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives, a role she played until 2009, for which she received a nomination for a Golden Globe award. She portrayed Alexis Carrington in The CW primetime soap opera reboot Dynasty from 2018 to 2019.", "Q973836": "John Alexander McCone (January 4, 1902 \u2013 February 14, 1991) was an American businessman and politician who served as Director of Central Intelligence from 1961 to 1965, during the height of the Cold War.", "Q226773": "Wrath of the Titans is a 2012 3D fantasy action-adventure film that is a sequel to the 2010 film Clash of the Titans. The film stars Sam Worthington, Rosamund Pike, Bill Nighy, \u00c9dgar Ram\u00edrez, Toby Kebbell, Danny Huston, Ralph Fiennes, and Liam Neeson, with Jonathan Liebesman directing a screenplay by Dan Mazeau and David Leslie Johnson. Wrath of the Titans takes place a decade after the events of the preceding film as the gods lose control over the imprisoned Titans (thanks to humanity's lack of prayers which also is draining their immortality) and Perseus is called, this time to rescue his father Zeus, overthrow the Titans, and save mankind.\nTalk of a sequel began with the release of Clash of the Titans in March 2010. Scribes Dan Mazeau and David Leslie Johnson were hired in June 2010 and director Jonathan Liebesman was brought on board in August 2010. The majority of the casting took place between January and February 2011. Principal photography began in London in March 2011. Like its predecessor, the film was converted to 3D in post-production. Wrath of the Titans was released in 2D and 3D on March 30, 2012 in the United States. The film received widespread negative reception from critics and grossed $305 million worldwide. A sequel entitled Revenge of the Titans was planned for a 2013 release, but was cancelled due to the two films' critical failures and too few ideas for the script.", "Q191767": "Eadred (also Edred) (923 \u2013 23 November 955) was King of the English from 946 until his death. He was the son of Edward the Elder and his third wife Eadgifu of Kent, and a grandson of Alfred the Great. Eadred came to the throne following the assassination of his older brother, Edmund I. The chief achievement of his reign was to bring the Kingdom of Northumbria under total English control, which occurred with the defeat and expulsion of Eric Bloodaxe in 954. Eadred died at the age of 32 having never married, and was succeeded by his 15-year-old nephew, Eadwig.", "Q198025": "Zhou Wei Hui (born 1973), known simply by her Chinese given name Wei Hui, is a Chinese Post 70s Generation writer, living and working in Shanghai and New York City. Her novel Shanghai Baby (\u4e0a\u6d77\u5b9d\u8d1d) (1999) was banned in the People's Republic of China as \"decadent\". Her latest novel Marrying Buddha (\u6211\u7684\u7985) (2005) was censored, modified and published in China under a modified title. She is often associated with Mian Mian, another slightly older member of the \"New Generation\".", "Q1409902": "Stephen Thrower (born 9 December 1963, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, England) is an English musician and author.\n\n", "Q37628": "Milena Markovna \"Mila\" Kunis (; Ukrainian: \u041c\u0456\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u043d\u0456\u0441; Russian: \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441; born August 14, 1983) is an American actress. In 1991, at the age of 7, she moved from Soviet Ukraine to the United States with her family. After being enrolled in acting classes as an after-school activity, she was soon discovered by an agent. She appeared in several television series and commercials, before landing her first significant role at age 14, playing Jackie Burkhart on the television series That '70s Show (1998\u20132006). Since 1999, she has voiced Meg Griffin on the animated series Family Guy.\nKunis's breakout film role came in 2008, playing Rachel in the romantic comedy Forgetting Sarah Marshall. She gained further critical acclaim and accolades for her performance in the psychological thriller Black Swan (2010), for which she received the Marcello Mastroianni Award for Best Young Actor or Actress, and nominations for the SAG Award and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other major films include the action films Max Payne (2008) and The Book of Eli (2010), the romantic comedy Friends with Benefits (2011), the fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful (2013) as the Wicked Witch of the West, and the comedies Ted (2012), Bad Moms (2016) and its sequel (2017).", "Q531726": "Jules-Adenis de Colombeau (28 June 1823 \u2013 1900) was a 19th-century French opera librettist, playwright, and journalist. \nAdenis was born in Paris and studied at the Coll\u00e8ge royal de Bourbon (now the Lyc\u00e9e Condorcet). He was initially employed by the Compagnie de Saint-Gobain. At this time he was already working for various newspapers and magazines.\nSome of his works include Un Postillon en gage (1856) Sylvie (1864), and La Grand'tante (1867).Both of his sons, Eug\u00e8ne (1854\u20131923) and \u00c9douard (1867\u20131952) became writers and librettists.", "Q2005647": "The University of Allahabad, informally known as Allahabad University, is a public central university located in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Established on 23 September 1887, it is the fourth oldest modern university in India. Its origins lie in the Muir Central College, named after Lt. Governor of North-Western Provinces, Sir William Muir in 1876, who suggested the idea of a Central University at Allahabad, which later evolved to the present university. At one point it was called the \"Oxford of the East\". On 24 June 2005 its Central University status was restored through the University Allahabad Act 2005 of the Parliament of India.", "Q152738": "Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan (English: ; Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0441 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u044f\u0301\u043d; Armenian: \u0531\u0576\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u057d \u0540\u0578\u057e\u0570\u0561\u0576\u0576\u0565\u057d\u056b \u0544\u056b\u056f\u0578\u0575\u0561\u0576; 25 November 1895 \u2013 21 October 1978) was an Armenian Communist revolutionary, Old Bolshevik and Soviet statesman during the mandates of Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev and Brezhnev. He was the only Soviet politician who managed to remain at the highest levels of power within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, as that power oscillated between the Central Committee and the Politburo, from the latter days of Lenin's rule, throughout the eras of Stalin and Khrushchev, until his peaceful retirement after the first months of Brezhnev's rule.\nMikoyan became an early convert to the Bolshevik cause. He was a strong supporter of Stalin during the immediate post-Lenin years. During Stalin's rule, Mikoyan held several high governmental posts, including that of Minister of Foreign Trade. By the end of Stalin's rule, Mikoyan began to lose favour with him, and in 1949, Mikoyan lost his long-standing post of minister of foreign trade. In October 1952 at the 19th Party Congress Stalin even attacked Mikoyan viciously. When Stalin died in 1953, Mikoyan again took a leading role in policy-making. He backed Khrushchev and his de-Stalinization policy and became First Deputy Premier under Khrushchev. Mikoyan's position under Khrushchev made him the second most powerful figure in the Soviet Union at the time.\nMikoyan made several key trips to communist Cuba and to the United States, acquiring an important stature on the international diplomatic scene, especially with his skill in exercising soft power to further Soviet interests. In 1964 Khrushchev was forced to step down in a coup that brought Brezhnev to power. Mikoyan served as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the nominal Head of State, from 1964 until his forced retirement in 1965.", "Q1139388": "James \"JLo\" LoMenzo (born January 13, 1959 in Brooklyn, New York, United States) is an American heavy metal musician. He was a member of the band White Lion, performing with them from 1984 to 1991. He was later the bassist for Black Label Society, Megadeth and Slash's Snakepit. Outside music, he is known for being a contestant on the 21st season of the reality television series The Amazing Race.", "Q904472": "Brecon (; Welsh: Aberhonddu pronounced [\u02ccab\u025br\u02c8h\u0254n\u00f0\u026a]), archaically known as Brecknock, is a market and minster town in Powys, mid-Wales. In 1841, it had a population of 5,701. The population in 2001 was 7,901, increasing to 8,250 at the 2011 census. Historically it was the county town of Brecknockshire (Breconshire); although its role as such was eclipsed with the formation of the County of Powys, it remains an important local centre. Brecon is the third-largest town in Powys, after Newtown and Ystradgynlais. It lies north of the Brecon Beacons mountain range, but is just within the Brecon Beacons National Park.", "Q501829": "Gigantism (Greek \u03b3\u03af\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2, g\u00edgas, \"giant\", plural \u03b3\u03af\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, g\u00edgantes), also known as giantism, is a condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average. In humans, this condition is caused by over-production of growth hormone in childhood resulting in people 7 to 9 ft (2.1 to 2.7 m) in height.It is a rare disorder resulting from increased levels of growth hormone before the fusion of the growth plate which usually occurs at some point soon after puberty. This increase is most often due to abnormal tumor growths on the pituitary gland. Gigantism should not be confused with acromegaly, the adult form of the disorder, characterized by somatic enlargement specifically in the extremities and face.", "Q103211": "Henriette Hardenberg (February 5, 1894 \u2013 October 26, 1993), born Margarete Rosenberg, was a German-Jewish poet who emigrated to Britain in the late 1930s. In the 1910s, she was part of the circle of writers around the magazine Die Aktion, which championed literary Expressionism. In her poems, she examined the relationship between people and their bodies, especially the skin as both an interface between self and world and a limiting factor. In a late interview, she said that her work expressed a desire to transcend the limits of the body. Hardenberg was one of the few women among German Expressionist writers, and one recent reevaluation of her oeuvre ranks her work among the best of the Expressionists.", "Q218851": "Zoltan Spirandelli is a German film director, actor, producer, and screenwriter.Born in 1957 in K\u00f6nigstein, he has Italian ancestors of his father's side. His first name is Hungarian\nAs a Child he was Cantor in the choir of St. John Church in Kronberg.\nHe has worked at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater Hamburg in Hamburg while he made the short film Lulu. For about ten years he directed short films gaining popularity with his interactive short film the cock is dead \nHe has since made numerous films for television and worked with actors such as Andrea Sawatzki, Matthias Schweigh\u00f6fer, Daniel Br\u00fchl, Rufus Beck and Ottfried Fischer\nHe received the Bavarian film award for his only previous feature-length movie Vaya con Dios.\nHe is the father of Ivan Spirandelli and Karla Spirandelli. Today he lives in Berlin.", "Q84390": "Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul (born 21 November 1942 in Frankfurt am Main) is a German politician and a member of the Social Democratic Party since 1965.", "Q710988": "Jude Thaddeus Wanniski (June 17, 1936 \u2013 August 29, 2005) was an American journalist, conservative commentator, and political economist.", "Q236574": "Beau Jesse Garrett (born December 28, 1982) is an American actress and model. She began her career appearing in GUESS advertisements in the late 1990s after being discovered by an Elite modeling agent at age fourteen. She made her feature film debut in the horror film Turistas (2006) before portraying Captain Raye in Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007) and Gem in Tron: Legacy (2010). \nGarrett would later appear as a regular guest star on the television series Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior (2011) and had a regular role on Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce from 2014 to 2018. In 2017, she portrayed Jessica Preston on the ABC series The Good Doctor.", "Q105660": "Holly Hunter (born March 20, 1958) is an American actress and producer. For her performance as Ada McGrath in the 1993 drama film The Piano, she won the Academy Award, BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award, and Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress. She was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Broadcast News (1987), and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for The Firm (1993) and again for Thirteen (2003).\nA seven-time Primetime Emmy Award nominee, Hunter won for Roe vs. Wade (1989), and The Positively True Adventures of the Alleged Texas Cheerleader-Murdering Mom (1993). She also starred in the TNT drama series Saving Grace (2007\u201310). Her other film roles include Raising Arizona (1987), Always (1989), Home for the Holidays (1995), Crash (1996), O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), The Incredibles (2004), its sequel Incredibles 2 (2018), Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), and The Big Sick (2017), which earned her a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role.", "Q93834": "Jos\u00e9 Maria Marin (born May 6, 1932) is a Brazilian politician and former sports administrator who was the President of the Brazilian Football Confederation (Portuguese: Confedera\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Futebol, CBF) from March 2012 until April 2015. He had previously served as vice-governor and governor of S\u00e3o Paulo state and is a former football player.\nMarin was arrested as part of the 2015 FIFA corruption case and was subsequently jailed for four years.", "Q652211": "Zheng Zhilong, Marquis of Tong'an and Nan'an (Chinese: \u912d\u829d\u9f8d; pinyin: Zheng Zhilong; Wade\u2013Giles: Ching Chih-lung; 1604\u20131661), baptised as Nicholas Iquan Gaspard, was a merchant, pirate, political and military leader in the late Ming dynasty who later defected to the Qing dynasty. He was from Nan'an, Fujian. He was the father of Koxinga, Prince of Yanping, the founder of the pro-Ming Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan, and as such an ancestor of the House of Koxinga. After his defection, he was given noble titles by the Qing government, but was eventually executed because of his son's continued resistance against the Qing regime.", "Q66315": "Oskar Roehler (born 21 January 1959) is a German film director, screenwriter and journalist. He was born in Starnberg as the son of writer Gisela Elsner and the writer Klaus Roehler. Since the mid-1980s he has been working as a screenwriter, for, among others, Niklaus Schilling, Christoph Schlingensief and Mark Schlichter. Since the early 1990s he has also been working as a film director. For his film No Place to Go he won the Deutscher Filmpreis. His 2010 film Jew Suss: Rise and Fall was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q202809": "Frederick Coombs (sometimes Willie Coombs and also known as George Washington II) was an eccentric who lived in San Francisco in the 19th century and believed himself to be George Washington. For a time he was as popular a figure as Joshua A. Norton, the \"Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico\", and his deeds were reported in the local newspapers. He left the city after a feud with Norton, who he thought was jealous of his \"reputation with the fairer sex\" and returned to his native New York City.", "Q101406": "Albert Brahms (October 24, 1692 \u2013 August 3, 1758) was a Frisian dike judge, an elected community leader responsible for maintaining the dikes that protected the area against the Wadden Sea, and a pioneer of hydraulic engineering.", "Q86587": "Johann Gabriel Seidl (21 June 1804 \u2013 18 July 1875) \nwas an Austrian archeologist, poet, storyteller and dramatist. He wrote the lyrics to \"Gott erhalte, Gott besch\u00fctze unsern Kaiser, unser Land!\" This was the 1854 version of the Austrian Imperial Anthem, music by Joseph Haydn (Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser).\nBorn in Vienna, Johann Gabriel Seidl was the son of a lawyer and studied law himself. In 1829, he began to teach at a gymnasium in Celje, Slovenia. In 1840 he became curator at the Coin and Antiquities Museum (M\u00fcnz- und Antikenkabinett) in Vienna. From 1856 until 1871, he was responsible for the treasury. He spent most of his life in Vienna and died there in 1875.\nBesides his scientific studies, Seidl published numerous poems and short stories, including the first poems by Nikolaus Lenau. Many of his poems were set to music by Franz Schubert (e.g. \"Die Taubenpost\" from Schwanengesang) and Carl Loewe (e.g. \"Die Uhr\"). Besides having written poems in standard German, Seidl also wrote in the Austrian dialect.", "Q1709010": "A software engineer is a person who applies the principles of software engineering to the design, development, maintenance, testing, and evaluation of computer software.\nPrior to the mid-1970s, software practitioners generally called themselves computer scientists, computer programmers or software developers, regardless of their actual jobs. Many people prefer to call themselves software developer and programmer, because most widely agree what these terms mean, while the exact meaning of software engineer is still being debated.", "Q98961": "German Jesuit Eberhard von Gemmingen (born 4 April 1936) is the head of the editorial board of the German Vatican Radio.", "Q130803": "I magliari (internationally released as The Magliari) is a 1959 Italian drama film directed by Francesco Rosi. The film won the silver ribbon for best cinematography.In 2008 it was selected to enter the list of the 100 Italian films to be saved.", "Q287817": "Jason Sean Donovan (born 1 June 1968) is an Australian actor and singer. He initially achieved fame in the Australian soap Neighbours, playing Scott Robinson, before beginning a career in music in 1988. In the UK he has sold over 3 million records. His debut album Ten Good Reasons was the highest-selling album in the UK in 1989, with sales of over 1.5 million. He has had four UK No. 1 singles, one of which was \"Especially for You\", his 1988 duet with fellow Neighbours co-star Kylie Minogue. He has also appeared in several stage musicals, most prominently in the lead role of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat in the early 1990s.\nBorn in Australia, he now resides in London, England.", "Q234363": "Margaret Constance \"Maisie\" Williams (born 15 April 1997) is an English actress. She made her professional acting debut and rose to prominence as Arya Stark in the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones (2011\u20132019), for which she won the EWwy Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama and the Portal Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Television and Best Young Actor, as well as the Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor twice. She was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2016 and 2019.\nWilliams had a recurring role as Ashildr in the science fiction series Doctor Who (2015) and voices the main role of Cammie MacCloud in the animated series Gen:Lock (2019\u2013present). She made her stage debut in Lauren Gunderson's 2018 play I and You at Hampstead Theatre. Williams made her feature film debut in the mystery drama The Falling (2014), for which she won the London Film Critics' Circle Award for Young Performer of the Year. She has since starred in the thriller iBoy (2017), the animated comedy Early Man (2018), and the romantic drama Then Came You (2019).\nWilliams is also an Internet entrepreneur. In 2019, she co-launched the social media platform Daisie, designed for creative people to network and collaborate on creative projects and help new artists and creators to gain exposure for their work, and to connect them with potential mentors.", "Q111615": "Thomas Sherwood Haymond (January 15, 1794 \u2013 April 5, 1869) was a prominent lawyer and United States Congressman (1849\u201351) from Western Virginia (now West Virginia).", "Q3047749": "Edmond Blanc (1856\u20131920) was a great horse breeder as well a French politician. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1893 to 1894, and from 1898 to 1902, representing Hautes-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es. He also served as the mayor of La Celle Saint-Cloud. He was the owner of several stud farms in La Celle Saint-Cloud, Haras Villebon and Haras Hardy. He built the racecourse of Saint-Cloud inaugurated in 1901 along with a horse training center named La Fouilleuse. He won the Grand Prix de Paris seven times.The Prix Edmond Blanc at the Saint-Cloud Racecourse is named in his memory.\n\n", "Q62173": "Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger [za\u02c8bi\u02d0n\u0259 \u02c8l\u0254\u028fth\u0254\u028fs\u0250 \u02c8\u0283na\u0280\u0259n\u02ccb\u025b\u0250\u032f\u0261\u0250] (born 26 July 1951) is a German politician of the liberal Free Democratic Party and a prominent advocate of human rights in Germany and Europe. Within the FDP, she is a leading figure of the social-liberal wing. She served as Federal Minister of Justice of Germany from 1992 to 1996 in the cabinet of Helmut Kohl and again in the second Merkel cabinet from 2009 to 2013. In 2013, the new German government announced Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger's candidacy for the office of the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.\n\n", "Q823967": "Takarazuka (\u5b9d\u585a\u5e02, Takarazuka-shi) is a city located in Hy\u014dgo Prefecture, Japan. As of October 1, 2016, the city has an estimated population of 225,228 and a population density of 2,200 persons per km2. The total area is 101.89 km2.", "Q3736499": "Arturs Kri\u0161j\u0101nis Kari\u0146\u0161 (born 13 December 1964) is a Latvian-American linguist, businessperson, and politician who has served as Minister of Economics, a Member of the European Parliament, and is currently the Prime Minister of Latvia. Born in Wilmington, Delaware, United States, to parents who had left Latvia during the Soviet occupation, he was active in the American Latvian community throughout his youth.After completing a bachelor's degree and PhD in linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania, Kari\u0146\u0161 moved to Latvia in 1997 and founded a frozen food business. He helped found the New Era Party in 2002, which in 2011 merged with others to form the Unity Party (renamed New Unity in 2018).After serving as a deputy in Latvia's parliament (the Saeima), as Minister of Economics, and also as a Member of the European Parliament throughout the 2000s and 2010s, Kari\u0146\u0161 was selected by New Unity to be its prime ministerial candidate in the 2018 Latvian parliamentary election. In the event, New Unity was the smallest party elected to the 13th Saeima. Following months of contentious negotiations in which leaders of the larger parties were unable to form a coalition, Kari\u0146\u0161 was nominated by President Raimonds V\u0113jonis in January 2019 as a compromise candidate to form a government. He took office on 23 January 2019, and survived a 58-33 vote of no confidence on 11 April 2019.", "Q4693082": "Agnes Bertha Marshall (24 August 1855 \u2013 29 July 1905) was an English culinary entrepreneur. She became a leading cookery writer in the Victorian period, and was dubbed the \"Queen of Ices\" for her works on ice cream and other frozen desserts. In a time before practical domestic refrigeration, her success increased the demand in London for ice imported from Norway.", "Q25238": "Thubten Gyatso (shortened from Ngawang Lobsang Thupten Gyatso Jigdral Chokley Namgyal; Tibetan: \u0f50\u0f74\u0f56\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f66\u0f9f\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f5a\u0f7c\u0f0b, Wylie: Thub Bstan Rgya Mtsho; 12 February 1876 \u2013 17 December 1933) was the 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet.In 1878 he was recognized as the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama. He was escorted to Lhasa and given his pre-novice vows by the Panchen Lama, Tenpai Wangchuk, and named \"Ngawang Lobsang Thupten Gyatso Jigdral Chokley Namgyal\". In 1879 he was enthroned at the Potala Palace, but did not assume political power until 1895, after he had reached his maturity.\nThubten Gyatso was an intellectual reformer who proved himself a skillful politician. He was responsible for countering the British expedition to Tibet, restoring discipline in monastic life, and increasing the number of lay officials to avoid excessive power being placed in the hands of the monks.", "Q87699": "Heinz Rudolf Erich Arthur Kunze (born 30 November 1956, in Espelkamp-Mittwald, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German writer and rock singer. His greatest hit was Dein ist mein ganzes Herz (not to be confused with the homonymous song from the operetta Das Land des L\u00e4chelns) in 1985.", "Q7544232": "Smash Records was an American record label founded in 1961 as a subsidiary of Mercury Records by Mercury executive Shelby Singleton and run by Singleton with Charlie Fach. Fach took over after Singleton left Mercury in 1966. Its recording artists included Frankie Valli, James Brown, Bruce Channel, Roger Miller, The Left Banke, Bill Justis, and Jerry Lee Lewis.\nA dispute with King Records led Brown to release all of his band's instrumental recordings between 1964 and 1967 on Smash. Smash also released three of Brown's vocal recordings, including his 1964 proto-funk single \"Out of Sight\".Smash shared the numbering system for their singles with other labels that they distributed. The most important of these was Fontana Records. Mercury discontinued the Smash label in 1970.\n\nMercury label owner PolyGram used the Smash imprint for reissues in the 1980s. PolyGram revived Smash in 1991 as an R&B/dance label with its offices located in Chicago. It was first under the PolyGram Label Group (PLG) umbrella, then under the Independent Label Sales (ILS) umbrella, then under Island Records until the imprint was retired in 1996. One of the hits Smash saw during this period was \"People Are Still Having Sex\" by house music producer LaTour. Another successful artist on the dance charts was Jamie Principle.", "Q265892": "Crist\u00f3bal Lander (born June 8, 1978) is a Venezuelan actor and model.", "Q336206": "Nicholas Wulstan Park, CBE, RDI (born 6 December 1958), is an English animator, director and writer best known as the creator of Wallace and Gromit, Creature Comforts, and Shaun the Sheep. Park has been nominated for an Academy Award a total of six times and won four with Creature Comforts (1989), The Wrong Trousers (1993), A Close Shave (1995) and Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005).He has also received five BAFTA Awards, including the BAFTA for Best Short Animation for A Matter of Loaf and Death, which was also the most watched television programme in the United Kingdom in 2008. His 2000 film Chicken Run is the highest-grossing stop motion animated film.For his work in animation, in 2012, Park was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of Blake's most famous artwork\u2014the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover\u2014to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life.", "Q3434236": "Andrea von Habsburg (Andrea Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen) Archduchess of Austria, Hereditary Countess of Neipperg, (born 30 May 1953, in W\u00fcrzburg, Bavaria), is the first child and oldest daughter of Otto von Habsburg and his wife, Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen.\n\n", "Q171687": "Thomas Randall Mann, Jr. (born September 27, 1991) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in the films Project X (2012), Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters (2013), Me and Earl and the Dying Girl (2015), and Kong: Skull Island (2017).", "Q6682090": "Los Angeles County High School for the Arts (LACHSA, ) is a visual and performing arts high school located on the campus of California State University, Los Angeles (Cal State LA) in Los Angeles, California, United States.", "Q959007": "Thomas F. \"Mack\" McLarty, III (born June 14, 1946) is an American business and political leader who served as President Bill Clinton's first White House Chief of Staff from 1993 to June 1994, and subsequently as Counselor to the President and Special Envoy for the Americas, before leaving government service in June 1998.\nPreviously, he was chairman and CEO of Arkla, Inc. (1983-1992), a natural gas company. During that time, he was appointed by President George H.W. Bush to the National Petroleum Council and the National Council on Environmental Quality, and served on the St. Louis Federal Reserve Board.He is currently the Chairman of McLarty Associates, an international strategic advisory firm headquartered in Washington, DC, and chairman of the McLarty Companies, based in Little Rock, Arkansas.", "Q64264": "Turgi is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, located in the Limmat Valley (German: Limmattal).\nIn 2002, Turgi received the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage.", "Q3530722": "Tom Everett (born October 21, 1948) is an American actor known for his performances in political films such as Air Force One and Thirteen Days.", "Q117502": "Gis\u00e8le Ory (born April 30, 1956 in Biel/Bienne) is a politician from the Canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland. She is a member of the Socialist Party.\nGis\u00e8le Ory graduated from the University of Lausanne (political sciences) in 1978. In 1996, she was elected to the Communal Council of Neuch\u00e2tel, the local Parliament. In 2001 she was elected to the National Council. From 2001 to 2002 she was Chairwoman of the Neuch\u00e2tel section of the SP, but had to leave because of her nomination as spokeswoman of the Federal Department of the Interior.\nGis\u00e8le Ory was elected to the Council of States in 2003 along with Socialist Jean Studer. After Studer's resignation in 2006, she was joined by Pierre Bonh\u00f4te (Social Democratic Party of Switzerland), who won a by-election against Philippe Bauer (Liberal Party of Switzerland).\n\n", "Q90483": "Ernst Ottwalt (13 November 1901 \u2013 24 August 1943) was the pen name of German writer and playwright Ernst Gottwalt Nicolas. A communist, he fled Nazi Germany in 1934 and went into exile in the Soviet Union, where he fell victim to the Great Purge and died in a Soviet gulag. Later, when the Allies of World War II prosecuted Nazi war criminals in the Nuremberg Trials, the chief prosecutor from the Soviet Union quoted from an anti-Nazi book by Ottwalt.", "Q1501386": "Eugene Salvatore \"Gene\" DiNovi (born May 26, 1928) is an American jazz pianist.\nDiNovi was born in New York City. He worked with Joe Marsala and Chuck Wayne while still a teenager. He was very active live and on record in the late 1940s, working with Buddy DeFranco, Benny Goodman, Chubby Jackson, Brew Moore, Boyd Raeburn, Buddy Rich, Artie Shaw, Lester Young. He worked extensively as an accompanist for vocalists, starting with Peggy Lee in 1949-1950; he also played behind Tony Bennett and Anita O'Day. He recorded with Lena Horne multiple times in the late 1950s and early 1960s and also accompanied her on tours of Europe. During this time he also worked with his own small groups; his sidemen included Danny Bank, Johnny Carisi, Bill Crow, Tony Fruscella, and Dave Schildkraut. He began working more as a studio musician and film score composer in the 1960s. Toward the end of the decade he played with Carmen McRae, then moved to Canada to take a position as a house pianist with the CBC in Toronto. In the 1980s he worked with Ruby Braff and toured and recorded in Japan, and continued to be active as a performer into the 1990s, working with James Campbell, Don Thompson, Memo Acevedo, Dave Young, and Terry Clarke.", "Q107711": "A firefighter is a rescuer extensively trained in firefighting, primarily to extinguish hazardous fires that threaten life, property and the environment as well as to rescue people and animals from dangerous situations.\nThe complexity of modern, industrialized life has created an increase in the skills needed in firefighting technology. The fire service, also known in some countries as the fire brigade or fire department, is one of the three main emergency services. From urban areas to aboard ships, firefighters have become ubiquitous around the world.\nThe skills required for safe operations are regularly practiced during training evaluations throughout a firefighter's career. Initial firefighting skills are normally taught through local, regional or state-approved fire academies or training courses. Depending on the requirements of a department, additional skills and certifications such as technical rescue and pre-hospital medicine may also be acquired at this time.\nFirefighters work closely with other emergency response agencies such as the police and emergency medical service. A firefighter's role may overlap with both. Fire investigators or fire marshals investigate the cause of a fire. If the fire was caused by arson or negligence, their work will overlap with law enforcement. Firefighters also frequently provide some degree of emergency medical service, in addition to working with full-time paramedics.\nThe basic tasks of firefighters include: fire suppression, rescue, fire prevention, basic first aid, and investigations. Firefighting is further broken down into skills which include: size-up, extinguishing, ventilation, search and rescue, salvage, containment, mop up and overhaul.", "Q376144": "The Red Violin (French: Le Violon Rouge) is a 1998 drama film directed by Fran\u00e7ois Girard and starring Samuel L. Jackson, Carlo Cecchi and Sylvia Chang. It spans four centuries and five countries as it tells the story of a mysterious red-coloured violin and its many owners. The instrument, made in Cremona in 1681 with a future forecast by tarot cards, makes its way to Montreal in 1997, where an appraiser identifies it and it goes to auction. The film was an international co-production among companies in Canada, Italy, and the United Kingdom.\nThe screenplay was written by Don McKellar, who also acts, and Girard, inspired by a historic 1720 Stradivarius violin nicknamed the \"Red Mendelssohn\". The film was shot in Austria, Canada, China, England and Italy and features a soundtrack by John Corigliano, with solos performed by violinist Joshua Bell.\nAfter premiering in the Venice Film Festival, it received some positive reviews from critics and grossed $10 million in the U.S. box office. It received numerous honours, including the Academy Award for Best Original Score and eight Genie Awards, including Best Motion Picture.", "Q356294": "Charles Matthew Hunnam (; born 10 April 1980) is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Nathan Maloney in the Channel 4 drama Queer as Folk (1999\u20132000), Lloyd Haythe in the Fox comedy series Undeclared (2001\u20132002), the title role in Nicholas Nickleby (2002), Pete Dunham in Green Street (2005), Jackson \"Jax\" Teller in the FX drama series Sons of Anarchy (2008\u20132014) for which he was twice nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series, Raleigh Becket in Pacific Rim (2013), Percy Fawcett in The Lost City of Z (2017), and the title role in Guy Ritchie's King Arthur: Legend of the Sword (2017).", "Q309948": "The Ruhr-University Bochum (German: Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, RUB), located on the southern hills of central Ruhr area in Bochum, was founded in 1962 as the first new public university in Germany after World War II. Instruction began in 1965.\nThe Ruhr-University Bochum is one of the largest universities in Germany and part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the most important German research funding organization.The RUB was very successful in the Excellence Initiative of the German Federal and State Governments (2007), a competition between Germany's most prestigious universities. It was one of the few institutions left competing for the title of an \"elite university\", but did not succeed in the last round of the competition. There are currently nine universities in Germany that hold this title.\nThe University of Bochum was one of the first universities in Germany to introduce international bachelor's and master's degrees, which replaced the traditional German Diplom and Magister. Except for a few special cases (for example in Law) these degrees are offered by all faculties of the Ruhr-University. Currently, the university offers a total of 184 different study programs from all academic fields represented at the university.", "Q34453": "Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0438\u043d, IPA: [b\u0250\u02c8r\u02b2is n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8la\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8jel\u02b2ts\u0268n] (listen); 1 February 1931 \u2013 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the first President of Russia from 1991 to 1999. A member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1961 to 1990, he later stood as a political independent, during which time he was ideologically aligned with liberalism and Russian nationalism.\nBorn in Butka, Sverdlovsk Oblast, to a peasant family, Yeltsin grew up in Kazan, Tatar ASSR. After studying at the Ural State Technical University, he worked in construction. Joining the Communist Party, which governed the Soviet Union as a one-party state according to Marxist-Leninist doctrine, he rose through its ranks and in 1976 became First Secretary of the party's Sverdlovsk Oblast committee. Initially a supporter of the perestroika reforms of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin later criticised them as being too moderate, calling for a transition to a multi-party representative democracy. In 1987 he was the first person to resign from the party's governing Politburo, establishing his popularity as an anti-establishment figure. In 1990, he was elected chair of the Russian Supreme Soviet and in 1991 was elected president of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). Allying with various non-Russian nationalist leaders, he was instrumental in the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union in December that year, at which the RSFSR became the Russian Federation, an independent state. Yeltsin remained in office as president and was reelected in the 1996 election, although critics claimed pervasive electoral corruption.\nYeltsin transformed Russia's state socialist economy into a capitalist market economy by implementing economic shock therapy, market exchange rate of the ruble, nationwide privatization, and lifting of price controls. Economic collapse and inflation ensued. Amid the economic shift, a small number of oligarchs obtained a majority of the national property and wealth, while international monopolies came to dominate the market. During the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, Yeltsin ordered the unconstitutional dissolution of the Supreme Soviet parliament, which responded by attempting to remove him from office. In October 1993, troops loyal to Yeltsin stopped an armed uprising outside of the parliament building; he then introduced a new constitution. Secessionist sentiment in the Russian Caucasus led to the First Chechen War, War of Dagestan, and Second Chechen War between 1994 and 1999. Internationally, Yeltsin promoted renewed collaboration with Europe and signed arms control agreements with the United States. Amid growing internal pressure, in 1999 he resigned and was succeeded by his chosen successor, former Prime Minister Vladimir Putin. Out of office, he kept a low profile and was later given a state funeral.\nYeltsin was a controversial figure. Domestically he was highly popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s, although his reputation was damaged by the economic and political crises of his presidency and he left office widely unpopular with the Russian population. He received praise and criticism for his role in dismantling the Soviet Union, transforming Russia into a representative democracy, and introducing new political, economic, and cultural freedoms to the country. Conversely, he was accused of economic mismanagement, overseeing a massive growth in inequality and corruption, and of undermining Russia's standing as a major world power.", "Q92294": "Wolfgang Schomburg (born 9 April 1948 in Berlin) was the first German Judge at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. From 1995 until 2000 he was a judge at the Federal Court of Justice in Karlsruhe. In 2007 he resigned from the bench of the Appeals Chamber of the ICTY, asserting the trial could no longer be fair given that the defendant was representing himself without the assistance of a lawyer.Schomburg studied law in Berlin and passed his first legal state examination at the Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin in 1971, and the second in 1974. The same year he became a public prosecutor in Berlin (West), was a judge and eventually senior public prosecutor of Berlin. From 1989 to 1991 he was Undersecretary of State at the Senate Justice Department in the city-state of Berlin, and then until 1995 worked as a lawyer in Berlin. In 1995 he was appointed Judge at the Federal High Court. He is editor of the German leading commentary on \"International Cooperation in Criminal Matters\", currently 4th ed. Munich, 2006. Specialized in International Criminal Law, Transnational Criminal Law, Human Rights and Mutual Cooperation in Criminal Matters he gave lectures on these topics at leading Universities and related Institutions all over the world. He is member of the Board of Directors of the AIDP (Pau/Paris), ERA, Trier, and the MPI,Freiburg. In March 2018 he joined the legal defense of Carles Puigdemont.", "Q435540": "Ekaterina Vasilyevna Zelyonaya (Russian: \u0415\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0417\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u0430\u044f; (7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1901 \u2014 1 April 1991, Moscow), better known by her stage name Rina Zelyonaya, was a Soviet actress, singer and comedian. She was named People's Artist of the RSFSR in 1970.", "Q4892975": "Sir Bernard James Callinan, (2 February 1913 \u2013 20 July 1995) was an Australian soldier, civil engineer, businessman, and sport administrator.", "Q266425": "Caroline Louise \"Carrie\" Snodgress (October 27, 1945 \u2013 April 1, 2004) was an American actress. She is best remembered for her role in the film Diary of a Mad Housewife (1970), for which she was nominated for an Oscar and a BAFTA Award as well as winning two Golden Globes and two Laurel Awards.\n\n", "Q251289": "Carter the Unstoppable Sex Machine (frequently shortened to Carter USM) were an English indie punk band formed in 1987 by singer Jim \"Jim Bob\" Morrison and guitarist Les \"Fruitbat\" Carter. They made their name with a distinctive style of power pop, fusing samples, sequenced basses and drum machines with rock 'n' roll guitars and off-beat wordplay-loaded lyrics. They reached the height of their fame in 1992. Over the following years the band took on new members, reaching a six-piece, but struggled to regain their earlier popularity. They initially split up in 1998 after releasing seven albums.", "Q27349": "A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity. The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services. The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and sometimes dental therapists.", "Q975": "San Antonio (; in Spanish, \"Saint Anthony\"), officially the City of San Antonio, is the seventh-most populous city in the United States, and the second-most populous city in both Texas and the Southern United States, with more than 1.5 million residents. Founded as a Spanish mission and colonial outpost in 1718, the city became the first chartered civil settlement in present-day Texas in 1731. The area was still part of the Spanish Empire, and later of the Mexican Republic. It is the state's oldest municipality, having celebrated its 300th anniversary on May 1, 2018.The city's deep history is contrasted with its rapid growth over the past few decades. It was the fastest-growing of the top ten largest cities in the United States from 2000 to 2010, and the second from 1990 to 2000. Straddling the regional divide between South and Central Texas, San Antonio anchors the southwestern corner of an urban megaregion colloquially known as the \"Texas Triangle\". The Greater San Antonio and Greater Austin areas are separated from each other by 80 miles along Interstate 35 between which lie the city of New Braunfels,Texas.\nSan Antonio serves as the seat of Bexar County; San Antonio is the center of the San Antonio\u2013New Braunfels metropolitan statistical area. Commonly called Greater San Antonio, the metro area has a population of 2,550,960 based on the 2019 U.S. census estimate, making it the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the United States and third-largest in Texas.San Antonio was named by a 1691 Spanish expedition for Saint Anthony of Padua, whose feast day is June 13. The city contains five 18th-century Spanish frontier missions, including The Alamo and San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, which together were designated UNESCO World Heritage sites in 2015. Other notable attractions include the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, SeaWorld, the Alamo Bowl, and Marriage Island. Commercial entertainment includes Six Flags Fiesta Texas and Morgan's Wonderland amusement parks. According to the San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau, the city is visited by about 32 million tourists a year. It is home to the five-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs, and hosts the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest such events in the U.S.\nThe U.S. Armed Forces have numerous facilities in and around San Antonio; Fort Sam Houston is the only one within the city limits. Lackland Air Force Base, Randolph Air Force Base, Lackland AFB/Kelly Field Annex, Camp Bullis, and Camp Stanley are outside the city limits. Kelly Air Force Base operated out of San Antonio until 2001, when the airfield was transferred to Lackland AFB. The remaining parts of the base were developed as Port San Antonio, an industrial/business park and aerospace complex. San Antonio is home to six Fortune 500 companies and the South Texas Medical Center, the only medical research and care provider in the South Texas region.", "Q48956": "Hermann Staudinger (23 March 1881 \u2013 8 September 1965) was a German organic chemist who demonstrated the existence of macromolecules, which he characterized as polymers. For this work he received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.\nHe is also known for his discovery of ketenes and of the Staudinger reaction. Staudinger, together with Leopold Ru\u017ei\u010dka, also elucidated the molecular structures of pyrethrin I and II in the 1920s, enabling the development of pyrethroid insecticides in the 1960s and 1970s.\n\n", "Q269716": "Raini-Alena Rodriguez (born July 1, 1993) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Trish in the Disney Channel original series Austin & Ally and Maya Blart in the films Paul Blart: Mall Cop and Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2. She has also appeared in an episode of The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and on the Disney XD show I'm in the Band. She played Tess in the 2011 film Prom and won Best Young Television Actress at the 2013 Imagen Awards.\n\n", "Q462418": "Dumb and Dumber is a 1994 American screwball comedy film directed by Peter Farrelly, who co-wrote the screenplay with Bobby Farrelly and Bennett Yellin. Starring Jim Carrey and Jeff Daniels, it tells the story of Lloyd Christmas (Carrey) and Harry Dunne (Daniels), two dumb but well-meaning friends from Providence, Rhode Island, who set out on a cross-country trip to Aspen, Colorado, to return a briefcase full of money to its owner, thinking it was abandoned as a mistake but was actually left as ransom money. Lauren Holly, Karen Duffy, Mike Starr, Charles Rocket, and Teri Garr play supporting roles.\nThe film was released on December 16, 1994. It grossed $247 million at the box office and has developed a cult following in the years since its release. The success of Dumb and Dumber launched the career of the Farrelly brothers and solidified Carrey's reputation as one of the most established stars of the 1990s. The film also spawned an animated TV series, a 2003 prequel, and a 2014 sequel.", "Q2107050": "The Power Station were an English\u2013American rock 1980s & 1990s supergroup formed in New York City and London in 1984. Made up of singer Robert Palmer, former Chic drummer Tony Thompson, and Duran Duran members John Taylor (bass) and Andy Taylor (guitar) (no relation). Bernard Edwards, also of Chic, was involved on the studio side as recording producer and for a short time also functioned as The Power Station's manager. Edwards also replaced John Taylor on bass for the recording of the band's follow-up album. The band was formed in New York City late in 1984 during a break in Duran Duran's schedule that became a lengthy hiatus. The Power Station was named after The Power Station recording studio where their album was conceived and recorded.", "Q538716": "Matthew Steven Schulze (born July 3, 1972) is an American actor and musician. He is known for his role as Vince in The Fast and The Furious and Fast Five.", "Q113764": "Mira Lobe (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4\u200e, born Hilde Mirjam Rosenthal; September 17, 1913, in G\u00f6rlitz, Silesia \u2013 February 6, 1995, in Vienna) was an Austrian writer of more than 100 children's books.\nSome of her books were translated into English and other languages, such as Es ging ein Schneemann durch das Land, which became The Snowman Who Went for a Walk in English. The television series Children's Island (1984) was based on one of her novels..", "Q236212": "Petula Clark, CBE (born Sally Olwen Clark, 15 November 1932) is a British singer, actress and composer whose career spans eight decades.\nClark's professional career began during World War II, as an entertainer on BBC Radio. In 1954 she charted with \"The Little Shoemaker\" \u2014 the first of her big UK hits \u2014 and within two years began recording in French. International successes included \"Prends mon coeur\", \"Sailor\" (a UK number one), \"Romeo\" and \"Chariot\". Hits in German, Italian and Spanish followed. In late 1964 Clark's global success extended to America with a four-year run of career-defining, often upbeat singles, many written or co-written by Tony Hatch (and Jackie Trent). These include her signature song \"Downtown\", \"I Know a Place\", \"My Love\", \"A Sign of the Times\", \"I Couldn't Live Without Your Love\", \"Who Am I\", \"Colour My World\", \"This Is My Song\" (by Charlie Chaplin), \"Don't Sleep in the Subway\", \"The Other Man's Grass Is Always Greener\" and \"Kiss Me Goodbye\". In America she was dubbed \"the First Lady of the British Invasion\". She has sold more than 68 million records. She also has enjoyed success in musical films (Finian's Rainbow) and in stage musicals (The Sound of Music, Blood Brothers, Sunset Boulevard).", "Q29364": "Montgomery is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County. Named for Richard Montgomery, it stands beside the Alabama River, on the coastal Plain of the Gulf of Mexico. In the 2010 Census, Montgomery's population was 205,764. It is the second most populous city in Alabama, after Birmingham, and is the 118th most populous in the United States. The Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area's population in 2010 was estimated at 374,536; it is the fourth largest in the state and 136th among United States metropolitan areas.The city was incorporated in 1819 as a merger of two towns situated along the Alabama River. It became the state capital in 1846, representing the shift of power to the south-central area of Alabama with the growth of cotton as a commodity crop of the Black Belt and the rise of Mobile as a mercantile port on the Gulf Coast. In February 1861, Montgomery was chosen the first capital of the Confederate States of America, which it remained until the Confederate seat of government moved to Richmond, Virginia, in May of that year. In the middle of the 20th century, Montgomery was a major center of events and protests in the Civil Rights Movement, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Selma to Montgomery marches.\nIn addition to housing many Alabama government agencies, Montgomery has a large military presence, due to Maxwell Air Force Base; public universities Alabama State University, Troy University (Montgomery campus), and Auburn University at Montgomery; two private post-secondary institutions, Faulkner University and Huntingdon College; high-tech manufacturing, including Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama; and many cultural attractions, such as the Alabama Shakespeare Festival and the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts.\nTwo ships of the United States Navy have been named after the city, including USS Montgomery.Montgomery has also been recognized nationally for its downtown revitalization and new urbanism projects. It was one of the first cities in the nation to implement Smart Code Zoning.", "Q70211": "Carl Bernhard von Cotta, known as Bernhard von Cotta (24 October 1808 \u2013 14 September 1879), was a German geologist.", "Q1098234": "Amir Houshang Ostovar (Persian: \u0647\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631) (also transcribed as Hoochang Ostovar, January 30, 1927 \u2013 January 7, 2016) was a Persian symphonic music composer and Instructor.", "Q322515": "Craig Dougall McLachlan (born 1 September 1965) is an Australian actor, musician, singer and composer. He has been involved in film, television, the music industry and music theatre for over 30 years. He is best known for appearing in the soap operas Neighbours and Home and Away and the BBC One spy drama Bugs. He has portrayed the title character in The Doctor Blake Mysteries, for which he was nominated for the Logie Award for Most Popular Actor; he has previously won the award in this category three times.", "Q519900": "Bettino Ricasoli, 1st Count of Brolio, 2nd Baron Ricasoli (Italian pronunciation: [bet\u02c8ti\u02d0no ri\u02c8ka\u02d0zoli]; 9 March 1809 \u2013 23 October 1880) was an Italian statesman..", "Q57321": "Laura Chinchilla Miranda (Spanish: [\u02c8law\u027ea t\u0283in\u02c8t\u0283i\u025fa mi\u02c8\u027eanda]; born 28 March 1959) is a Costa Rican politician who was President of Costa Rica from 2010 to 2014. She was one of \u00d3scar Arias S\u00e1nchez's two Vice-Presidents and his administration's Minister of Justice. She was the governing PLN candidate for president in the 2010 general election, where she won with 46.76% of the vote on 7 February. She was the eighth woman president of a Latin American country and the first woman to become President of Costa Rica. She was sworn in as President of Costa Rica on May 8, 2010.She currently teaches at Georgetown University and is co-chair of the Inter-American Dialogue think tank.", "Q736218": "Gundoald or Gundovald was a Merovingian usurper king in the area of southern Gaul in either 584 or 585. He claimed to be an illegitimate son of Clotaire I and, with the financial support of the Emperor Maurice, took some major cities in southern Gaul, such as Poitiers and Toulouse, which belonged to Guntram, king of Burgundy, a legitimate son of Clotaire. Guntram marched against him, calling him nothing more than a miller's son and named him 'Ballomer'. Gundowald fled to Comminges and Guntram's army set down to besiege the citadel (now known as Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges). The siege was successful, Gundovald's support drained away quickly and he was handed over by the besieged to be executed.\nThe sole source for Gundovald is Gregory of Tours, who wrote about the events in his 'Histories', books 6 and 7. Gundovald was never king of Aquitaine as is sometimes thought; there was no such separate kingdom at the time. While his main backers were magnates of Austrasia, the Byzantine support consisted of treasure to buy followers and it is probable that Gundovald spent time in Constantinople before setting off to conquer parts of Gaul.\nThe usage of 'ballomer', a Frankish (possibly offensive) word of which the meaning is not known, is one of the first instances of the mentioning of a Germanic word in a literary source.", "Q58012": "Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (German: Karl Anton Joachim Zephyrinus Friedrich Meinrad F\u00fcrst von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen) (7 September 1811 \u2013 2 June 1885) was head of the Princely House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Hohenzollern from 1869 and Prime Minister of Prussia which made him the only Prussian Prince to hold that post. He was the son of Karl, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, who abdicated in favour of his son on 27 August 1848, and his first wife Marie Antoinette Murat, niece of Joachim Murat.", "Q222": "Albania ( (listen) a(w)l-BAY-nee-\u0259; Albanian: Shqip\u00ebri or Shqip\u00ebria; Gheg Albanian: Shqipni or Shqipnia also Shqypni or Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Albanian: Republika e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, pronounced [\u027e\u025bpu\u02c8blika \u025b \u0283cip\u0259\u02c8\u027ei\u02d0s\u0259]), is a country in Southeast Europe on the Adriatic and Ionian Sea within the Mediterranean Sea. It shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east, Greece to the south and maritime borders with Greece, Montenegro and Italy to the west.\nGeographically, the country displays varied climatic, geological, hydrological and morphological conditions, defined in an area of 28,748 km2 (11,100 sq mi). It possesses remarkable diversity with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps as well as the Korab, Skanderbeg, Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains to the hot and sunny coasts of the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea along the Mediterranean Sea.\nHistorically, the country has been inhabited by numerous civilisations such as the Illyrians, Thracians, Ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Venetians and Ottomans. The Albanians established the autonomous Principality of Arb\u00ebr in the 12th century. The Kingdom of Albania and Principality of Albania formed between the 13th and 14th centuries. Prior to the Ottoman conquest of Albania in the 15th century, the Albanian resistance to Ottoman expansion into Europe led by Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg won them acclaim over most of Europe.\nBetween the 18th and 19th centuries, Albanians gathered both spiritual and intellectual strength which conclusively led to the Albanian Renaissance. After the defeat of the Ottomans in the Balkan Wars, the modern nation state of Albania declared independence in 1912. In the 20th century, the Kingdom of Albania was invaded by Italy which formed Greater Albania before becoming a protectorate of Nazi Germany. Enver Hoxha formed Communist Albania after the Second World War and launched the Albanians on a path of oppression and decades of isolation. The Revolutions of 1991 concluded the fall of communism in Albania and eventually the establishment of the current Republic of Albania.\nPolitically, the country is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic and developing country with an upper-middle income economy dominated by the service sector, followed by manufacturing. It went through a process of transition, following the end of communism in 1990, from centralized planning to a market-based economy. Albania provides universal health care and free primary and secondary education to its citizens.The country is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, UNESCO, NATO, WTO, COE, OSCE and OIC. It is an official candidate for membership in the European Union. It is one of the founding members of the Energy Community, including the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation and Union for the Mediterranean.", "Q673036": "Astro Boy, known in Japan by its original name Mighty Atom (Japanese: \u9244\u8155\u30a2\u30c8\u30e0, Hepburn: Tetsuwan Atomu), is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Osamu Tezuka. It was serialized in Kobunsha's Sh\u014dnen from 1952 to 1968. The 112 chapters were collected into 23 tank\u014dbon volumes by Akita Shoten. English volumes were not available until 2002, when the manga was licensed by Dark Horse. The story follows Astro Boy, an android young boy with human emotions who is created by Umataro Tenma after the death of his son. Eventually, Astro is sold to a robot circus run by Hamegg, but is saved from his servitude by Professor Ochanomizu. Astro becomes a surrogate son to Ochanomizu who creates a robotic family for Astro and helps him to live a normal life like an average human boy, while accompanying him on adventures.Astro Boy has been adapted into three anime series produced respectively by Mushi Production and Tezuka Productions, with a fourth in development. The manga was originally produced for TV as Astro Boy, the first popular animated Japanese television series that embodied the aesthetic that later became familiar worldwide as anime. After enjoying success abroad, Astro Boy was remade in the 1980s as New Mighty Atom, known as Astroboy in other countries, and again in 2003. In November 2007, he was named Japan's envoy for overseas safety. An American computer-animated film based on the original manga series by Tezuka was released on October 23, 2009. In March 2015, a trailer was released announcing a new animated series. The success of the manga and anime series led it to becoming a major media franchise consisting of films including a major motion picture, a number of soundtracks and a library of Video Games. The series was also among the first to embrace mass merchandise including action figures, collectible figurines, food products, clothing, stamps and trading cards. By 2004, the franchise had generated $3 billion in merchandise sales.Astro Boy is one of the most successful manga and anime franchises in the world. The combined 23 tank\u014dbon volumes have sold over 100 million copies worldwide, making it the tenth-best-selling manga series of all time. The 1963 anime series became a hit on television in Japan and the United States. Astro Boy has been praised for its importance in developing the anime and manga industry. It has been featured on numerous greatest anime of all time lists and has partially inspired other authors in the creation of influential manga.", "Q1281246": "Alexander Campbell \"Eck\" Robertson (born November 20, 1887 in Delaney, Arkansas, died February 15, 1975 in Borger, Texas) was an American fiddle player, mostly known for commercially recording the first country music songs in 1922 with Henry Gilliland.", "Q211322": "Thomas Geoffrey Wilkinson (born 5 February 1948) is an English actor. He has twice been nominated for an Academy Award, for his roles in In the Bedroom (2001) and Michael Clayton (2007). In 2009, he won Golden Globe and Primetime Emmy Awards for Best Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Film for playing Benjamin Franklin in John Adams.", "Q71480": "Nick Romeo Reimann (born 14 January 1998 in Munich) is a German actor.", "Q391536": "Carmen Elizabeth Ejogo (; born 22 October 1973) is a British television and film actress and singer. She began her career as host of the Saturday Disney morning show from 1993 to 1995. Her film credits include Love's Labour's Lost (2000), What's the Worst That Could Happen? (2001), Away We Go (2009), Sparkle (2012), Alex Cross (2012), The Purge: Anarchy (2014), It Comes at Night (2017), and Alien: Covenant (2017). She is also known for her role as Seraphina Picquery in the Fantastic Beasts film series. She plays Amelia Reardon in the HBO series True Detective (2019).\nEjogo has appeared as civil rights activist Coretta Scott King in two films: Boycott (2001) and Selma (2014). While preparing for the role in Boycott, she met with King and was given King's blessing for her portrayal.", "Q122036": "J\u00f6rg Jenatsch, also called J\u00fcrg or Georg Jenatsch (1596 \u2013 24 January 1639), was a Swiss political leader during the Thirty Years' War, one of the most striking figures in the troubled history of the Grisons in the 17th century.", "Q51750": "Painted Skin is a 2008 supernatural-fantasy film directed by Gordon Chan, starring Donnie Yen, Chen Kun, Zhou Xun, Zhao Wei, Sun Li and Qi Yuwu. Although the film is based partly on a supernatural premise, it is more of an action-romance than a horror film. Painted Skin is based, very loosely, on The Painted Skin, a short story from the Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio. The theme song of the film, Hu\u00e0 X\u012bn (\u756b\u5fc3; Painted Heart), was performed by Jane Zhang.", "Q1072362": "The Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG), was formed on June 8, 1969, by North Vietnam as a purportedly independent shadow country and government that opposed the government of the Republic of Vietnam under President Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u in the South Vietnam. Delegates of the National Liberation Front (the Viet Cong), as well as several smaller groups, participated in its creation.\nThe PRG was recognized as the government of South Vietnam by most communist states. It signed the 1973 Paris Peace Treaty as an independent entity, that was separate from both South Vietnam and North Vietnam. It became the provisional government of South Vietnam following the military defeat of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam on April 30, 1975. On July 2, 1976, Republic of South Vietnam and North Vietnam merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.", "Q206886": "A Civil Action is a 1998 American legal drama film written and directed by Steven Zaillian, based on the book of the same name by Jonathan Harr. Starring John Travolta and Robert Duvall, it tells the true story of a court case about environmental pollution that took place in Woburn, Massachusetts, in the 1980s. The film and court case revolve around the issue of trichloroethylene, an industrial solvent, and its contamination of a local aquifer. A lawsuit was filed over industrial operations that appeared to have caused fatal cases of leukemia and cancer, as well as a wide variety of other health problems, among the citizens of the city. The case involved is Anne Anderson, et al., v. Cryovac, Inc., et al.. The first reported decision in the case is at 96 F.R.D. 431 (denial of defendants' motion to dismiss). Duvall was nominated for an Oscar for his performance.", "Q52259": "For people with the surname, see Bettens (surname).\n\nBettens is a municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q385543": "The Communist Party of the Netherlands (Dutch: Communistische Partij Nederland, Dutch pronunciation: [k\u0254my\u02c8n\u026astis\u0259 p\u0251r\u02c8t\u025bi \u02c8ne\u02d0d\u0259rl\u0251nt], CPN) was a Dutch communist party. The party was founded in 1909 as the Social-Democratic Party (SDP) and merged with the Pacifist Socialist Party, the Political Party of Radicals and the Evangelical People's Party in 1991, forming the centre-left GreenLeft. Members opposed to the merger founded the New Communist Party of the Netherlands.", "Q346508": "Richard Lester Liebman (born January 19, 1932), commonly referred to as Dick Lester, is a retired American film director based in the United Kingdom. He is known for his work with the Beatles in the 1960s and his work on the Superman film series in the 1980s.Lester is an Honorary Associate of London Film School.", "Q1388276": "Blessed Alberto Marvelli (21 March 1918 \u2013 5 October 1946) was an Italian Roman Catholic and a member from the Catholic Action movement. He became noted for his defense of the poor and for selflessness during World War II in tending to the homeless and wounded despite the devastating air raids while placing himself at risk in doing so. Marvelli also saved numerous people from deportation since he would free them from sealed train carriages before the train would set off. Marvelli likewise was an active champion for social justice and was known for providing his own possessions to the poor and homeless more so during the harsh winter periods. He served as a town councilor for sometime after the war and aided in restoration efforts though died before an election as a Christian Democrat candidate in an accident.Marvelli's reputation for holiness and for his faith led to the cause for his beatification being introduced and Pope John Paul II beatified Marvelli in 2004 in Loreto.\n\n", "Q318312": "Edward James Begley Sr. (March 25, 1901 \u2013 April 28, 1970) was an American actor of theatre, radio, film, and television. He won an Academy Award for his performance in the film Sweet Bird of Youth in 1962 and appeared in such classics as 12 Angry Men and The Unsinkable Molly Brown. He was nominated for an Emmy Award for his portrayal of Matthew Harrison Brady in a television adaptation of Inherit the Wind. He is the father of actor and environmental activist Ed Begley Jr.", "Q321593": "Nik Cohn, also written Nick Cohn (born 1946), is a British writer.", "Q959588": "Mom Rajawongse Kukrit Pramoj (Thai: \u0e04\u0e36\u0e01\u0e24\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e21\u0e0a, RTGS: Khuek-rit Pramot, pronounced [k\u02b0\u026f\u0301k.r\u00edt pr\u0101\u02d0.m\u00f4\u02d0t]; 20 April 1911 \u2013 9 October 1995) was a Thai politician, scholar and professor. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives of Thailand 1973-1974. He was the thirteenth Prime Minister of Thailand, serving in office from 1975 to 1976 between Seni Pramoj, his brother's, terms. Being the great-grandson of King Rama II, he was a member of the Thai royal family.\nHe also portrayed the Prime Minister of the fictional country of \"Sarkhan\" in the 1963 motion picture The Ugly American with Marlon Brando.", "Q1345210": "Luis Rego (born 30 May 1943) is a French actor, comedian, writer and director, of Portuguese origins. He was a founding member of music/comedy group Les Charlots which he left after a few years.\n\n", "Q235294": "Barbara Carrera (born Barbara Kingsbury; December 31, 1945) is a Nicaraguan American film and television actress and former model. She is known for her roles as SPECTRE assassin Fatima Blush in Never Say Never Again, as Maria in The Island of Dr. Moreau, and as Angelica Nero on the soap opera Dallas.", "Q311450": "William Everett Preston (September 2, 1946 \u2013 June 6, 2006) was an American musician whose work encompassed R&B, rock, soul, funk, and gospel. Preston was a top session keyboardist in the 1960s, during which he backed artists such as Little Richard, Sam Cooke, Ray Charles, Reverend James Cleveland and the Beatles. He went on to achieve fame as a solo artist, with hit singles such as \"That's the Way God Planned It\", the Grammy-winning \"Outa-Space\", \"Will It Go Round in Circles\", \"Space Race\", \"Nothing from Nothing\" and \"With You I'm Born Again\". Additionally, Preston co-wrote \"You Are So Beautiful\", which became a number 5 hit for Joe Cocker.\nPreston was one of five musicians credited on a Beatles recording other than the group's four members. Preston continued to record and perform with other artists, notably George Harrison after the Beatles' breakup, and Eric Clapton, and he played keyboards for the Rolling Stones on many of the group's albums and tours during the 1970s.", "Q631205": "The German Workers' Party (German: Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, DAP) was a short-lived political party established in Weimar Germany after World War I. It was the precursor of the Nazi Party, which was officially known as the National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, NSDAP). The DAP only lasted from 5 January 1919 until 24 February 1920.", "Q2142083": "Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet KCH FRS (20 May 1772 \u2013 16 May 1828) was an English inventor and rocket artillery pioneer distinguished for his development and deployment of Congreve rockets, and a Tory Member of Parliament (MP).", "Q43432": "Justin Randall Timberlake (born January 31, 1981), occasionally known by his initials JT, is an American singer, songwriter, actor, and record producer. Raised in Tennessee, he appeared on the television shows Star Search and The All-New Mickey Mouse Club as a child. In the late 1990s, Timberlake rose to prominence as one of the two lead vocalists and youngest member of NSYNC, which eventually became one of the best-selling boy bands of all time. Timberlake began to adopt a more mature image as an artist with the release of his debut solo album, the R&B-focused Justified (2002), which yielded the successful singles \"Cry Me a River\" and \"Rock Your Body\", and earned his first two Grammy Awards.\nHis critically acclaimed second album FutureSex/LoveSounds (2006), characterized by its diversity in music genres, debuted atop the U.S. Billboard 200 and produced the Hot 100 number-one singles \"SexyBack\", \"My Love\", and \"What Goes Around... Comes Around\". Established as a solo artist worldwide, his first two albums both exceeded sales of 10 million copies, and he continued producing records and collaborating with other artists. From 2008 through 2012, Timberlake focused on his acting career, effectively putting his music career on hiatus. He held starring roles in the films The Social Network, Bad Teacher, Friends with Benefits, and In Time.\nTimberlake resumed his music career in 2013 with his third and fourth albums The 20/20 Experience and The 20/20 Experience \u2013 2 of 2, exploring neo soul styles, partly inspired by the expansive song structures of 1960s and 1970s rock. The former became the best-selling album of the year with the largest sales week in the US, and spawned the top-three singles \"Suit & Tie\" and \"Mirrors\", while the latter produced the top-ten song \"Not a Bad Thing\". For his live performances, including the eponymous concert tour for the albums, he began performing with his band The Tennessee Kids, composed by instrumentalists and dancers. Timberlake voiced Branch in DreamWorks Animation's Trolls (2016), whose soundtrack includes his fifth Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping single, \"Can't Stop the Feeling!\". His fifth studio album Man of the Woods (2018) became his fourth number-one album in the US. Supported by the two top ten singles, \"Filthy\" and \"Say Something\", it concluded 2018 as the sixth best-selling album of the year.Being one of the world's best-selling music artists, Timberlake has sold over 32 million albums and 56 million singles globally throughout his solo career. Often cited as a pop icon, Timberlake is the recipient of numerous awards and accolades, including ten Grammy Awards, four Emmy Awards, three Brit Awards, nine Billboard Music Awards, the Contemporary Icon Award by the Songwriters Hall of Fame, an honorary Doctor of Music degree from the Berklee College of Music, and the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award. According to Billboard in 2017, he is the best performing male soloist in the history of the Mainstream Top 40. Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2007 and 2013. His other ventures include record label Tennman Records, fashion label William Rast, and the restaurants Destino and Southern Hospitality.", "Q937537": "Francis Martin Patrick Boyle (born 16 August 1972) is a Scottish comedian and writer. He is known for his cynical and often controversial sense of humour. \nBoyle first gained recognition as a permanent panellist on the comedy show Mock the Week from its beginning in June 2005 until his departure in September 2009. After his departure from Mock the Week, Boyle created and starred in the Channel 4 sketch show Frankie Boyle's Tramadol Nights (2010). He then presented the BBC Two satirical chat show Frankie Boyle's New World Order (2017\u20132019). In 2020, he presented a four part series on BBC Two, Frankie Boyle's Tour of Scotland. He has embarked on a number of stand-up tours, releasing several stand-up specials.\n\n", "Q72837": "Colonel-General Mikhail Prokofievich Kovalyov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0444\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0451\u0432) (7 July [O.S. 26 June] 1897 \u2013 31 August 1967) was a Soviet military officer.\nMikhail Kovalyov was born to family of a peasants in stanitsa Bryukovetskaya, Kuban Oblast. In 1915 he enlisted in the Russian Army. After graduating from a School for Praporshchiks Kovalyov fought in World War I commanding a platoon (polurota), company and then a battalion. At the time of the October Revolution he was a Stabs-Captain. During the Russian Civil War he commanded a regiment and then a brigade in the Red Army participating in the fights against White Armies of Denikin, Wrangel and the peasant Tambov rebellion of Aleksandr Antonov.\nFrom 1937 Kovalyov was the commander of Kiev Military District, then from 1938, he was the commander of Belarussian Military District. He was the commander of the Belarusian Front during the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939. Kovalyov was also the commander of the 15th Army (Soviet Union) and led the Russians to victory. As well as leading during the Winter War (1939\u20131940). He was the commander of Kharkov Military District, then Inspector of Infantry for the Red Army Commander of the Transbaikal Front during 1941.\nIn July 1945 he became a vice-commander (Russian: \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e, zamestitel' komanduyushchego) of the Transbaikal Front and participated in military actions against Japan. From 1949 he was a vice-commander of Leningrad Military District. Kovalyov retired in 1955 and died in Leningrad in 1967 of lung cancer.\nHis awards include two Orders of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner and an Order of Suvorov 1st class.", "Q357363": "Louis Robert Wolheim (March 28, 1880 \u2013 February 18, 1931) was an American actor, of both stage and screen, whose rough physical appearance relegated him to roles mostly of thugs or villains in the movies, but whose talent allowed him to flourish on stage. His career was mostly contained during the silent era of the film industry, due to his untimely death at the age of 50 in 1931.", "Q98236": "Ernst Karl (sometimes also Carl) Erdmann Heine (January 10, 1819 \u2013 August 25, 1888) was a lawyer in Leipzig and a major entrepreneur and industrial pioneer who shaped the face of the western suburbs of Leipzig.", "Q668416": "Piz Nair (3,059 m) is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Uri and Graub\u00fcnden. Together with Piz Giuv (3,096 m) on the west, it overlooks the end of the Etzli valley in the canton of Uri. The south-west and the south-east sides overlook respectively the small valleys of Val Giuv and Val Mil\u00e0, both converging to the Rhine valley west of Sedrun (Graub\u00fcnden). The mountain is politically divided between the municipalities of Silenen (Uri) and Tujetsch (Graub\u00fcnden).\nOn the northern side of Piz Nair lies a small glacier, the Fellelifirn. Large lateral moraines can be seen below the glacier.", "Q466497": "Teresa Brewer (born Theresa Veronica Breuer, May 7, 1931 \u2013 October 17, 2007) was an American singer whose style incorporated pop, country, jazz, R&B, musicals, and novelty songs. She was one of the most prolific and popular female singers of the 1950s, recording nearly 600 songs.", "Q2746900": "William Louis Veeck Jr. (; February 9, 1914 \u2013 January 2, 1986), also known as \"Sport Shirt\", was an American Major League Baseball franchise owner and promoter. Veeck was at various times the owner of the Cleveland Indians, St. Louis Browns and Chicago White Sox. As owner and team president of the Indians in 1947, Veeck signed Larry Doby, thus beginning the integration of the American League, and the following year won a World Series title as Cleveland's owner/president.\nVeeck was the last owner to purchase a baseball franchise without an independent fortune, and is responsible for many innovations and contributions to baseball.Unable to compete in the new era of salary escalation ignited by arbitration and free agency, Veeck sold his ownership interests after the 1980 Chicago White Sox season. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1991.", "Q170770": "The Grand Duchy of Moscow or Grand Principality of Moscow (Russian: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u041a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435, Velikoye Knyazhestvo Moskovskoye, also known in English simply as Muscovy from the Latin: Moscovia) was a Rus' principality of the Late Middle Ages centered around Moscow, and the predecessor state of the Tsardom of Russia in the early modern period.\nThe state originated with rule of Alexander Nevsky of Rurik dynasty, at which point his son Daniel I of Rurik dynasty was appointed to the newly-created Grand Principality of Moscow in 1283 as vassal state to the Mongol Empire (under the \"Tatar Yoke\"), the latter of which had eclipsed and eventually absorbed its parent duchy of Vladimir-Suzdal by the 1320s. It later annexed the Novgorod Republic in 1478 and conquered the Grand Duchy of Tver in 1485, and ultimately remained ruled by the Mongols for most of its history until 1480.Muscovites, Suzdalians and other inhabitants of the Rus' principality were able to maintain their Slavic, Pagan and Orthodox traditions for the most part under the Tatar Yoke. Ivan III further consolidated the state during his 43-year reign, campaigning against his major remaining rival power, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and by 1503 he had tripled the territory of his realm, adopting the title of tsar and claiming the title of \"Ruler of all Rus'\". By his marriage to the niece of the last Byzantine emperor, he claimed Muscovy to be the successor state of the Roman Empire, the \"Third Rome\". The emigration of the Byzantine people influenced and strengthened Moscow's identity as the heir of the Orthodox traditions. Ivan's successor Vasili III also enjoyed military success, gaining Smolensk from Lithuania in 1512, pushing Muscovy's borders to the Dniepr River. Vasili's son Ivan IV (later known as Ivan the Terrible) was an infant at his father's death in 1533. He was crowned in 1547, assuming the title of tsar together with the proclamation of Tsardom of Russia (Russian: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0420\u0443\u0441c\u043a\u043e\u0435, Tsarstvo Russkoye).", "Q86008": "Hermann Gossler (born 21 August 1802 in Hamburg, died 10 May 1877 in Hamburg) was a Hamburg lawyer, senator (1842\u201377) and First Mayor and President of the Senate of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (i.e. the city republic's head of state and head of government) in 1874. He was Second Mayor in 1870, 1871 and 1873. During much of his tenure as senator and his first term as Second Mayor, Hamburg was a fully sovereign country, while after 1871, the First Mayor as head of state of republican Hamburg was equal to the federal princes (Bundesf\u00fcrsten) within the German Empire. As a senator, he also served as Lord of Police (Polizeiherr), the equivalent of a Minister of Police.\nHe belonged to the Hanseatic Berenberg-Gossler banking dynasty and was a son of the banker and senator Johann Heinrich Gossler (1775\u20131842), co-owner of Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co, and the grandson of Johann Hinrich Gossler. His brothers Johann Heinrich Gossler (1805-1879) and Wilhelm Gossler continued the firm. His nephew Johann von Berenberg-Gossler was conferred Baronial rank in 1910.\nHermann Gossler studied law at the University of Heidelberg, and worked as a lawyer in Hamburg from 1826 to 1837. He became Senate Secretary (roughly comparable to Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State) in 1837. From 1838 to 1842, he was Secretarius of the High Court. In 1842 he was elected Senator.\nHe was the father of Emilie (Emmy) Helene Gossler (1838\u20131910), married to banker Georg Heinrich Kaemmerer.", "Q505118": "Henri Pitot (French: [\u0251\u0303\u0281i pito]; May 3, 1695 \u2013 December 27, 1771) was a French hydraulic engineer and the inventor of the Pitot tube.\nIn a pitot tube, the height of the fluid column is proportional to the square of the velocity of the fluid at the depth of the inlet to the pitot tube. This relationship was discovered by Henri Pitot in 1732, when he was assigned the task of measuring the flow in the river Seine.\nHe rose to fame with the design of the Aqueduc de Saint-Cl\u00e9ment near Montpellier (the construction lasted thirteen years), and the extension of Pont du Gard in N\u00eemes. In 1724, he became a member of the French Academy of Sciences, and in 1740 a fellow of the Royal Society.\nThe Pitot theorem of plane geometry is named after him.\nRue Henri Pitot in Carcassonne is named after him.\n\n", "Q911296": "Bradley James 'Dez' Fafara (born May 12, 1966) is an American heavy metal vocalist who performs in the band DevilDriver and formerly Coal Chamber.", "Q318474": "Abel Matutes y Juan (born 31 October 1941) is a Spanish politician who served as Spain's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 6 May 1996 to 2000. Matutes was born in Ibiza on 31 October 1941 and his early political life was in that region. He was Mayor of Ibiza in 1970 and 1971 and became Senator for Ibiza and Formentera in 1977. In 1982 Matutes left the Senate and became a member of the Congress of Deputies the lower house of the Spanish Parliament, representing the Balearic Islands until 1985.\nIn 1986, Matutes became a member of the Commission of the European Community (the Delors Commission), where he was in charge of the departments of Credit and Investment, Financial Engineering and Policy for Small and Medium Enterprises, North\u2013South relations, Mediterranean Policy, and Relations with Latin America and Asia. In 1993 his brief changed to Transportation, Energy and the Supply Agency for Euratom.\nHe was a member of the European Parliament and spokesman for the Partido Popular at the European Parliament from 1994 onwards. As a Founder Chairman of the Balaerics' \"Uni\u00f3 Liberal\" Party. He was also deputy chairman of Alianza Popular and is currently a member of the Executive Committee of the Partido Popular.\nOutside politics Matutes is married and a father of four children. He holds a degree in Law and Economics and has been a professor of Public Finance, and is also a member of the Economics and Finance Academy. He is Emeritus professor at the University of Santiago de Chile and of the Complutense University of Madrid a member of the Honor Committee of the Royal Institute of European Studies, an honorary member of the Filipino Academy of Spanish Language. As a business man, he has been involved in tourism, aviation, biotechnology and banking companies, and is Deputy chairman of the Ibiza and Formentera Tourism Employers Organisation.", "Q1397430": "Zhan Tianyou/Chan T'ien-yu (Chinese: \u8a79\u5929\u4f51; pinyin: Zh\u0101n Ti\u0101ny\u00f2u; Wade\u2013Giles: Chan1 T\u2019ien1-yu4; Jyutping: Zim1 Tin1 Jau6; 26 April 1861 \u2013 24 April 1919), or Jeme Tien-Yow as he called himself in English, based on the Cantonese pronunciation, was a pioneering Chinese railroad engineer. Educated in the United States, he was the chief engineer responsible for construction of the Peking-Kalgan Railway (Beijing to Zhangjiakou), the first railway constructed in China without foreign assistance. For his contributions to railroad engineering in China, Zhan is known as the \"Father of China's Railroad\".", "Q1586766": "Harry Leo Schein (13 October 1924 \u2013 11 February 2006) was an Austrian-born Swedish chemical engineer, writer and a major figure in Swedish culture. Born in Vienna, Schein was a founder of the Swedish Film Institute and acted as its first Managing Director from 1963 to 1978.\nHe is best known for his role in pushing through the film reform of 1963, which ensured that 10 percent of the money from cinema ticket sales was handed to a central film organization. This system guaranteed continuous production of Swedish films for several decades. After the film reform, there was a golden age for Swedish film with Ingmar Bergman, Bo Widerberg and Jan Troell as leading names.\nSchein was often engaged in public debates and demonstrated a distinctive understanding of the use of media.\nSchein was also a columnist in Dagens Nyheter for more than 20 years, and wrote several books on current issues. He also published several largely autobiographical books, including Schein (1980) and Sluten (1995). At the 7th Guldbagge Awards he won a Special Achievement award.Schein was married to the Swedish actress Ingrid Thulin from 1956 to 1989 and was a close friend of Olof Palme. He died in 2006 in Danderyd.", "Q103946": "Kiefer William Frederick Dempsey George Rufus Sutherland (born 21 December 1966) is an English-born Canadian actor, voice actor, producer, director, and singer-songwriter. He is best known for his starring role as Jack Bauer in the Fox drama series 24 (2001\u20132010, 2014), for which he won an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and two Satellite Awards. He is the son of Canadian actors Donald Sutherland and Shirley Douglas, grandson of Canadian politician Tommy Douglas and the father of actress Sarah Sutherland.\nHe has also starred as Martin Bohm in the Fox drama Touch, and provided the facial motion capture and English voices for Big Boss and Venom Snake in the video games Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes and Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain. He starred as President Tom Kirkman in the Netflix political drama series Designated Survivor.Sutherland got his first leading film role in the Canadian drama The Bay Boy (1984), which earned him a Genie Award nomination. Since that time he has had a successful movie career, starring in films such as Stand by Me (1986), The Lost Boys (1987), Young Guns (1988), Flatliners (1990), A Few Good Men (1992), The Three Musketeers (1993), A Time to Kill (1996), Dark City (1998), Phone Booth (2002), Melancholia (2011), Pompeii (2014) and Flatliners (2017).\nSutherland has been inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame and to Canada's Walk of Fame, and has received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Zurich Film Festival.", "Q506411": "San Marcos is a city in the North County region of San Diego County in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 83,781. It is the site of California State University San Marcos. The city is bordered by Escondido to the east, Encinitas to the southwest, Carlsbad to the west, and Vista to the northwest. Lake San Marcos is an enclave, or county island, in the southwestern part of the city, within San Marcos' sphere of influence but technically an unincorporated community.", "Q17063": "Mayotte (French: Mayotte, pronounced [maj\u0254t]; Shimaore: Maore, IPA: [ma\u02c8ore]; Malagasy: Mahori) is an overseas department and region of France officially named the Department of Mayotte (French: D\u00e9partement de Mayotte). It consists of a main island, Grande-Terre (or Maore), a smaller island, Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), and several islets around these two. Mayotte is part of the Comoros archipelago, located in the northern Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Southeast Africa, between northwestern Madagascar and northeastern Mozambique. The department status of Mayotte is recent and the region remains, by a significant margin, the poorest in France. Mayotte is nevertheless much more prosperous than the other countries of the Mozambique Channel, making it a major destination for illegal immigration.\nMayotte's land area is 374 square kilometres (144 sq mi) and, with its 279,471 people according to January 2020 official estimates, is very densely populated at 747 inhabitants per km2 (1,935 per sq mi). The biggest city and prefecture is Mamoudzou on Grande-Terre. However, the Dzaoudzi\u2013Pamandzi International Airport is located on the neighbouring island of Petite-Terre. The territory is also known as Maore, the native name of its main island, especially by advocates of its inclusion in the Union of the Comoros.\nAlthough, as a department, Mayotte is now an integral part of France, the majority of the inhabitants do not speak French as a first language, but a majority of the people 14 years and older report in the census that they can speak French (with varying levels of fluency). The language of the majority is Shimaore, a Sabaki language closely related to the varieties in the neighbouring Comoros islands. The second most widely spoken native language is Kibushi, a Malagasy language, of which there are two varieties, Kibushi Kisakalava, most closely related to the Sakalava dialect of Malagasy, and Kibushi Kiantalaotra. Both have been influenced by Shimaore. The vast majority of the population is Muslim.\nThe island was populated from neighbouring East Africa with later arrival of Arabs, who brought Islam. A sultanate was established in 1500.\nIn the 19th century, Mayotte was conquered by Andriantsoly, former king of Iboina on Madagascar, and later by the neighbouring islands Moh\u00e9li and then Anjouan before being purchased by France in 1841. The people of Mayotte voted to remain politically a part of France in the 1974 referendum on the independence of the Comoros. Mayotte became an overseas department on 31 March 2011 and became an outermost region of the European Union on 1 January 2014, following a 2009 referendum with an overwhelming result in favour of the department status.\nThe new department is facing enormous problems and challenges: in 2019, with an annual population growth of 3.8%, half the population is less than 17 years old, unemployment reaches 35% and 84% of the inhabitants live below the official poverty line. In addition, as a result of massive illegal immigration from neighboring islands, 48% of the population are foreign nationals.", "Q102480": "Oliver Lars Fred Kalkofe (born 12 September 1965) is a German satirist, columnist, book author, actor, voice actor, writer and audiobook narrator.\n\n", "Q47654": "Saturday Night Fever is a 1977 American dance drama film directed by John Badham. It stars John Travolta as Tony Manero, a working-class young man who spends his weekends dancing and drinking at a local Brooklyn discoth\u00e8que; Karen Lynn Gorney as Stephanie Mangano, his dance partner and eventual confidante; and Donna Pescow as Annette, Tony's former dance partner and would-be girlfriend. While in the disco, Tony is the champion dancer. His circle of friends and weekend dancing help him to cope with the harsh realities of his life: a dead-end job, clashes with his unsupportive and squabbling parents, racial tensions in the local community, and his general restlessness.\nThe story is based upon a 1976 New York magazine article by British writer Nik Cohn, \"Tribal Rites of the New Saturday Night\"; in the mid-1990s, Cohn acknowledged that he fabricated the article. A newcomer to the United States and a stranger to the disco lifestyle, Cohn was unable to make any sense of the subculture he had been assigned to write about; instead, the character who became Tony Manero was based on an English mod acquaintance of Cohn.Saturday Night Fever was a huge commercial success. The film significantly helped to popularize disco music around the world and made Travolta, already well known from his role on TV's Welcome Back, Kotter, a household name; he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance. The Saturday Night Fever soundtrack, featuring disco songs by the Bee Gees, is one of the best-selling soundtracks of all time. The film showcased aspects of the music, the dancing, and the subculture surrounding the disco era: symphony-orchestrated melodies; haute couture styles of clothing; pre-AIDS sexual promiscuity; and graceful choreography. A sequel, Staying Alive, also starring Travolta was released six years later, but was panned by critics. In 2010, Saturday Night Fever was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.", "Q653480": "The Four Tops are a vocal quartet from Detroit, Michigan, USA, who helped to define the city's Motown sound of the 1960s. The group's repertoire has included soul music, R&B, disco, adult contemporary, doo-wop, jazz, and show tunes.\nFounded as the Four Aims, lead singer Levi Stubbs, Abdul \"Duke\" Fakir, Renaldo \"Obie\" Benson and Lawrence Payton remained together for over four decades, performing from 1953 until 1997 without a change in personnel.\nThe Four Tops were among a number of groups, including the Miracles, the Marvelettes, Martha and the Vandellas, the Temptations, and the Supremes, who established the Motown Sound heard around the world during the 1960s. They were notable for having Stubbs, a baritone, as their lead singer, whereas most other male and mixed vocal groups of the time were fronted by a tenor.\nThe group was the main male vocal group for the highly successful songwriting and production team of Holland\u2013Dozier\u2013Holland, who crafted a stream of hit singles for Motown. These included two Billboard Hot 100 number-one hits for the Tops: \"I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)\" in 1965 and \"Reach Out I'll Be There\" in 1966. After Holland-Dozier-Holland left Motown in 1967, the Four Tops were assigned to a number of producers, primarily Frank Wilson, but generally with less success.\nWhen Motown left Detroit in 1972 to move to Los Angeles, California, the Tops stayed in Detroit but signed a new recording deal with ABC Records' Dunhill imprint. Recording mainly in Los Angeles, they continued to have chart singles into the late 1970s, including the 1973 million-seller \"Ain't No Woman\", their second release on Dunhill, produced by Steve Barri and the composers Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter.\nIn the 1980s, the Four Tops recorded for Casablanca Records, Arista Records and Motown, returning to that label on two occasions for brief stays. Apart from their 1988 album Indestructible (owned by Sony Music Entertainment), Universal Music Group controls the rights to their entire post-1963 catalog (through various mergers and acquisitions) and also their 1956 single, \"Could It Be You\".\nA change of lineup was forced on the group when Lawrence Payton died on June 20, 1997. The group initially continued as a three-piece under the name the Tops, before Theo Peoples (formerly of the Temptations) was recruited as the new fourth member. Peoples eventually took over the role of lead singer when Stubbs suffered a stroke in 2000, with Ronnie McNeir then joining the group. On July 1, 2005, Renaldo \"Obie\" Benson died of lung cancer. Payton's son Roquel Payton replaced him. Levi Stubbs died on October 17, 2008. Harold \"Spike\" Bonhart replaced Peoples in 2011.\nOn January 1, 2019, Harold Spike Deleon Bonhart was replaced by Alexander Morris. Morris, a pastor in the city of Detroit, was born into a musical family, his mother Betty L. Morris-January was lead singer of the 1950s gospel group The January Sisters. His father, the Late Reverend Joseph A. Morris was also a prominent pastor in the city of Detroit, but in his early years was a jazz musician, playing for Gene Calloway, older sister of Cab Calloway. Morris also known for his songwriting and production, has worked with many artists throughout the music industry. Morris, McNeir, Roquel Payton and Fakir, who is the only surviving founding member of the group, are still performing as the Four Tops.", "Q266814": "Sharon Elizabeth Lawrence (born June 29, 1961) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. She is best known for the role of Sylvia Costas Sipowicz in the ABC drama series NYPD Blue. The role garnered her three Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.", "Q172167": "Thomas Byrne (born 6 May 1958 in Drogheda, but grew up outside Dundalk County Louth) is a former racing driver from Ireland. He participated in two Formula One Grands Prix in 1982 with the backmarker Theodore team, failing to qualify for another three. He failed to finish in either of the Grands Prix he started and scored no Formula One championship points.\nAfter performing well in the Irish Formula Ford Championship in 1981, Byrne won the 1982 British Formula 3 Championship even though he missed some races while he competed in Formula One. At that time, he also tested a McLaren MP4/1 Formula One car in October 1982 against Marlboro-backed Spirit Racing's European F2 drivers like Stefan Johansson and Thierry Boutsen. After a brief return to Formula Three in 1983, where he raced for Eddie Jordan, Byrne moved to the United States and began racing in the American Racing Series in 1986, where he won ten races in 55 starts, both second place in the series record books. He also was the championship runner-up in 1988 and 1989. He raced in the series until 1992 and then retired. Despite his extended career in the States, Byrne never made a Champ Car start. He lives in Florida, and teaches Honda Teen/Adult Defensive Driving, Advanced Defensive Driving, Acura High Performance and Acura Advanced Performance Driving during the race season at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course in Lexington, Ohio. He is also a driver coach for Indy Lights team Brian Stewart Racing.\nHe co-authored a book with Mark Hughes which was released in the UK on 8 August 2008, titled Crashed and Byrned: The Greatest Racing Driver You Never Saw. The book won the William Hill Irish Sports Book of the Year for 2009.Byrne was the subject of Se\u00e1n \u00d3 Cual\u00e1in's documentary Crash and Burn in 2016.", "Q57447": "Udo Voigt (German: [\u02c8u\u02d0do fo\u02d0kt]; born 14 April 1952) is a German politician and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) between 2014 and 2019. He was a member of the European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs. He served as leader of NPD from 1996 to 2011. By profession he is a former aviation engineer and captain in the German Air Force and has a master's degree in political science from LMU. Voigt has in recent years become a strong supporter of Vladimir Putin, and more recently also Donald Trump, and has said that Germany should have \"a chancellor like Putin.\"\n\n", "Q221587": "Frenzy is a 1972 British thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It is the penultimate feature film of his extensive career. The screenplay by Anthony Shaffer was based on the novel Goodbye Piccadilly, Farewell Leicester Square by Arthur La Bern. The film stars Jon Finch, Alec McCowen, and Barry Foster and features Billie Whitelaw, Anna Massey, Barbara Leigh-Hunt, Bernard Cribbins and Vivien Merchant. The original music score was composed by Ron Goodwin.\nThe plot centres on a serial killer in contemporary London and the ex-RAF serviceman he implicates. In a very early scene there is dialogue that mentions two actual London serial murder cases: the Christie murders in the early 1950s, and the Jack the Ripper murders in 1888. Barry Foster has said that, in order to prepare for his role, he was asked by Hitchcock to study two books about Neville Heath, an English serial killer who would often pass himself off as an officer in the RAF.Frenzy was the third and final film that Hitchcock made in Britain after he moved to Hollywood in 1939. The other two were Under Capricorn in 1949 and Stage Fright in 1950 (although there were some interior and exterior scenes filmed in London for the 1956 remake of The Man Who Knew Too Much). The last film he had made in Britain before his move to America was Jamaica Inn (1939). The film was screened at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival, but was not entered into the main competition.", "Q861003": "Eduardo Schaerer Vera y Arag\u00f3n (December 2, 1873 in Caazap\u00e1 \u2013 November 12, 1941 in Buenos Aires) was a Swiss-Paraguayan businessman, publisher, and Liberal politician. He served as President of the Republic of Paraguay for the constitutional term 1912\u20131916.\nSchaerer was succeeded by Dr. Manuel Franco on August 15, 1916. Ex-president Schaerer continued in public service as a senator in 1921 and founded the newspaper La Tribuna (The Tribune) in 1925.\nSchaerer was born in Caazap\u00e1, on December 2, 1873 to Mr. Santiago Schaerer and Mrs. Elizabeth Vera y Aragon. His father was a notable Swiss colonizer (from Vordemwald, Aargau), and the special character that distinguished Schaerer was inherited from him. Schaerer was married to Mrs. Matilde Heisecke (Christian Heisecke daughter, a German diplomatic and consul of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), she had seven children with him, one that deserves to be mentioned, was Arturo Schaerer Heisecke, director of the newspaper La Tribuna after his father, and received the Maria Moors Cabot Prize, journalism award of the Columbia University, in 1953.", "Q709942": "Arthur Lee Hunnicutt (February 17, 1910 \u2013 September 26, 1979) was an American actor known for his portrayal of wise, grizzled, and old rural characters. He received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Big Sky (1952).", "Q285543": "Alessandra Mussolini (born 30 December 1962) is an Italian politician, the granddaughter of Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, and a former actress and model who served as a Member of the European Parliament for Forza Italia. She was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 2008 to 2013 and the Italian Senate from 2013 to 2014, she was elected under The People of Freedom which is now part of Forza Italia. She was elected to the European Parliament in 2014.\nShe was the founder and leader of the national conservative political party Social Action; from 2004 until 2008, Mussolini also served as a Member of the European Parliament, and she has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Italian Parliament, for The People of Freedom.", "Q95706": "Christian Joseph Jagemann (1735, Dingelst\u00e4dt \u2013 5 February 1804, Weimar) was a German scholar, court-advisor and librarian.", "Q208101": "Joseph Heller (May 1, 1923 \u2013 December 12, 1999) was an American author of novels, short stories, plays, and screenplays. His best-known work is the novel Catch-22, a satire on war and bureaucracy, whose title has become a synonym for an absurd or contradictory choice.", "Q560780": "Diederik Maarten Samsom (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8did\u0259\u02ccr\u026ak \u02c8ma\u02d0rt\u0259n \u02c8s\u0251ms\u0254m] (listen); born 10 July 1971) is a Dutch environmentalist and retired politician who served the Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid PvdA) from 2012 to 2016. He was the first leader in the 70 year history of the PvdA to have been voted out of his position by party members. Since november 2019 Samsom is head of cabinet for First Vice-President of the European Commission Frans Timmermans.\nElected to the House of Representatives between 30 January 2003 and 14 December 2016, he was elected PvdA parliamentary leader as well as party leader on 16 March 2012. He lost the Labour Party leadership election to Lodewijk Asscher in December 2016. Before his election to the House of Representatives he was CEO of a green energy company and a campaigner for Greenpeace Netherlands.", "Q716862": "Leonardo Torres y Quevedo (Spanish: [le.o\u02c8na\u027e\u00f0o \u02c8tores i ke\u02c8\u03b2e\u00f0o]; 28 December 1852 \u2013 18 December 1936) was a Spanish civil engineer and mathematician of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. With his Telekine, Torres-Quevedo created wireless remote-control operation principles.", "Q335294": "Esa Holopainen (born 1 October 1972) is a Finnish musician, currently the main songwriter, occasional lyricist, founding member and lead guitarist of the Finnish metal band Amorphis. \nHe is one out the two longest standing members of the band (the other being Tomi Koivusaari) and one of the four original members in the band (the others being Jan Rechberger, Tomi Koivusaari and Olli-Pekka Laine).\nHe was also formerly the guitarist of the bands Violent Solution (1990) and Chaosbreed (2003\u20132004).Holopainen did the guitar solo on \"Dambuster\" from Hellroad Caravan by Mannhai.\nHis influences include Ritchie Blackmore, David Gilmour, John McLaughlin and Petri Walli of Kingston Wall. Holopainen uses ESP guitars and Koch amplifiers.", "Q258736": "Shanna Lynn Moakler (born March 28, 1975) is an American model, actress, and reality television star. She was the winner of the Miss New York USA pageant in 1995 and was the first runner-up at Miss USA 1995. After winner Chelsi Smith won the Miss Universe 1995 pageant, Moakler succeeded her as Miss USA. Moakler began modeling at age 15 and was later chosen as a Playmate of the Month for Playboy magazine in December 2001.Moakler eventually branched out into an acting career, appearing as a regular for two seasons on the USA Network television series Pacific Blue in 1998, and in 2005 she starred as herself on the reality television series Meet the Barkers with her then-husband Travis Barker, drummer in the rock band Blink-182. The series aired for two seasons on MTV. She hosted E!'s Bridalplasty during its two-month run in 2010/2011. In January 2014, it was announced that Moakler had joined the cast of the VH1 reality series, Hollywood Exes.Moakler's private life has been much discussed in the media, including her relationship with rock singer Billy Idol, as well as her relationships with Olympic champion boxer Oscar De La Hoya and Hollywood actor Dennis Quaid.Moakler has served as the executive producer of the Miss Nevada USA state pageant since 2012, after joining as a director in 2011, and acquired the Miss Utah USA franchise in 2018.", "Q664238": "Moossee (or Grosser Moossee) is a lake in the Canton of Berne, Switzerland. Its surface area is 31 ha (77 acres). The lake gives the name to Moosseedorf (literally \"village of Moossee\") on its southern shore. The golf course Moossee is located east of the lake at M\u00fcnchenbuchsee. The Urtenen drains Chli Moossee before flowing into Grosser Moossee 400 m further.", "Q231780": "Kim Delaney (born November 29, 1961) is an American actress known for her starring role as Detective Diane Russell on the ABC drama television series NYPD Blue, for which she won an Emmy Award. Early in her career, she played the role of Jenny Gardner in the ABC daytime television drama All My Children. She later had leading roles in the short lived TV drama Philly, part of the first season of CSI: Miami, and the first six seasons of Army Wives.", "Q67590": "For the prominent curbstone broker, see Emanuel S. Mendels\nEmanuel Mendel (October 28, 1839 \u2013 June 23, 1907) was a German neurologist and psychiatrist who was a university professor (from 1884 an associate professor) and director of a polyclinic in Berlin. He was born in Bunzlau, Lower Silesia; (today known as Boles\u0142awiec, Poland) into a Jewish family.He studied medicine in Berlin and in 1871 received his habilitation for psychiatry. Mendel was an advocate in regards to the unification of psychiatry and neurology as complementary disciplines. Among his better-known students and assistants were Max Bielschowsky (1869\u20131940), Edward Flatau (1869\u20131932), Lazar Minor (1855\u20131942) and Louis Jacobsohn-Lask (1863\u20131940)\nMendel is remembered for the introduction of duboisine, an extract from the Australian plant Dubosia myoporoides, as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. Also, he conducted important studies of epilepsy and progressive paralysis.Among his medical writings was a textbook on psychiatry titled Leitfaden der Psychiatrie f\u00fcr Studirende der Medizin (1902), later translated into English and published as \"Text-book of psychiatry : A psychological study of insanity for practitioners and students\". Also, he was founder and publisher of the neurological/psychiatric magazine Neurologisches Centralblatt.Mendel was interested in politics, and was a member of the Reichstag from 1877 to 1881.", "Q508428": "Nora Eloise Dunn (born April 29, 1952) is an American actress and comedian, who was a cast member on the NBC sketch variety TV series Saturday Night Live from 1985 to 1990.", "Q4364372": "VIA Plamya (Russian: \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043c\u044f, Flame) is a Soviet and Russian pop group.", "Q11406": "Electromagnetism is a branch of physics involving the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles. The electromagnetic force is carried by electromagnetic fields composed of electric fields and magnetic fields, and it is responsible for electromagnetic radiation such as light. It is one of the four fundamental interactions (commonly called forces) in nature, together with the strong interaction, the weak interaction, and gravitation. At high energy the weak force and electromagnetic force are unified as a single electroweak force.\n\nElectromagnetic phenomena are defined in terms of the electromagnetic force, sometimes called the Lorentz force, which includes both electricity and magnetism as different manifestations of the same phenomenon. The electromagnetic force plays a major role in determining the internal properties of most objects encountered in daily life. The electromagnetic attraction between atomic nuclei and their orbital electrons holds atoms together. Electromagnetic forces are responsible for the chemical bonds between atoms which create molecules, and intermolecular forces. The electromagnetic force governs all chemical processes, which arise from interactions between the electrons of neighboring atoms.\nThere are numerous mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field. In classical electrodynamics, electric fields are described as electric potential and electric current. In Faraday's law, magnetic fields are associated with electromagnetic induction and magnetism, and Maxwell's equations describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and altered by each other and by charges and currents.\nThe theoretical implications of electromagnetism, particularly the establishment of the speed of light based on properties of the \"medium\" of propagation (permeability and permittivity), led to the development of special relativity by Albert Einstein in 1905.", "Q380349": "The Extraordinary Adventures of Ad\u00e8le Blanc-Sec (French: Les Aventures extraordinaires d'Ad\u00e8le Blanc-Sec), released as Ad\u00e8le: Rise of the Mummy in Malaysia and Singapore, is a 2010 French fantasy adventure feature film written and directed by Luc Besson. It is loosely based on the comic book series The Extraordinary Adventures of Ad\u00e8le Blanc-Sec by Jacques Tardi and, as in the comic, follows the eponymous writer and a number of recurring side characters in a succession of far-fetched incidents in 1910s Paris and beyond, in this episode revolving around parapsychology and ultra-advanced Ancient Egyptian technology, which both pastiche and subvert adventure and speculative fiction of the period. The primarily live-action film, shot in Super 35, incorporates much use of computer animation to portray its fanciful elements and contemporary action film special and visual effects within the form of the older-style adventure films they have largely superseded.", "Q698083": "Koo Hsien-jung (Chinese: \u8f9c\u986f\u69ae; pinyin: G\u016b Xi\u01cenr\u00f3ng; Wade\u2013Giles: Ku1 Hsien3-jung2; Pe\u030dh-\u014de-j\u012b: Ko\u0358 Hi\u00e1n-\u00eang; Romaji: Ko Ken\u2019ei; 2 February 1866 \u2013 9 December 1937) was a Taiwanese businessman and politician who enjoyed strong links to the colonial administration of Taiwan under Japanese rule. He founded the Koos Group of companies, the largest business group in Taiwan.\nKoo was a businessman at the time of the Treaty of Shimonoseki in which Qing dynasty China ceded Taiwan to Japan. When the Japanese forces arrived in Taiwan in 1895, Koo initiated contact with the Japanese forces in Keelung and urged them to enter Taipei to restore order.\nKoo's close links to the Japanese allowed him both to pursue a successful political career (he became the first Taiwanese to be appointed by the emperor to the House of Peers of Japan, in 1934) and to build a collection of businesses that formed the nucleus of today's Koos Group of companies.\nKoo had four concubines, eight sons and four daughters. His fifth son, Koo Chen-fu, inherited control of his father's business and served as the negotiator for Taiwan during the Wang\u2013Koo summit. His eighth son, Koo Kwang-ming, became a leader of the Taiwan Independence movement. His grandson is Richard Koo, an economist specializing in balance sheet recessions.\n\n", "Q923556": "P\u00e4r-Ola Jonas Jonasson (born Per Ola Jonasson; 6 July 1961) is a Swedish journalist and writer, best known as the author of the best-seller The Hundred-Year-Old Man Who Climbed Out the Window and Disappeared.", "Q58760": "Roger Marcel Cicero Ciceu (6 July 1970 \u2013 24 March 2016) was a German jazz and pop musician.", "Q442535": "Stig Halvard Dagerman (5 October 1923 \u2013 4 November 1954) was a Swedish journalist and writer. He was one of the most prominent Swedish authors writing in the aftermath of World War II, but his existential texts transcend time and place and continue to be widely published in Sweden and abroad.\nStig Dagerman was born in \u00c4lvkarleby, Uppsala County. In the course of five years, 1945\u201349, he enjoyed phenomenal success with four novels, a collection of short stories, a book about postwar Germany, five plays, hundreds of poems and satirical verses, several essays of note and a large amount of journalism. Then, with apparent suddenness, he fell silent. In the fall of 1954, Sweden was stunned to learn that Stig Dagerman, the epitome of his generation of writers, had been found dead in his car: he had closed the doors of the garage and run the engine.Dagerman's works deal with universal problems of morality and conscience, of sexuality and social philosophy, of love, compassion and justice. He plunges into the painful realities of human existence, dissecting feelings of fear, guilt and loneliness. Despite the somber content, he also displays a wry sense of humor that occasionally turns his writing into burlesque or satire.\u201cAn imagination that appeals to an unreasonable degree of sympathy is precisely what makes Dagerman\u2019s fiction so evocative. Evocative or not, as one might expect, of despair, or bleakness, or existential angst, but of compassion, fellow-feeling, even love.\u201d - Alice McDermott in her foreword to Sleet: Selected Stories (David R. Godine, Publisher, 2013).\nThe British writer Graham Greene said this about him: \"Dagerman wrote with beautiful objectivity. Instead of emotive phrases, he uses a choice of facts, like bricks, to construct an emotion.\" This style is exemplified in the following excerpt from the story, \"The Games of Night,\" in which a young boy, H\u00e5kan, lies waiting for his drunken father to come home:\n\nAt night, all waking thoughts revolve around one thing, one moment.\nAnd even H\u00e5kan's deepest sleep is much too fragile to block that thing out.\nTrue, he hasn't heard the car pull up out front. He hasn't heard the click\nof the light switch or the steps in the stairwell. But the key that slides into the keyhole\nalso pokes a hole in H\u00e5kan's sleep. In an instant he's awake, stricken deep by a flash\nof delight tingling hot from his toes to his scalp. But the delight disappears nearly\nas fast as it comes, withdrawing into a cloud of uncertainties.Dagerman's work is translated into many languages, and his work continues to inspire readers, writers, musicians and filmmakers.\nHis collected works are available in eleven volumes. Scholars have examined his writing from every possible angle: philosophical, political, psychological, journalistic, its relationship to the medium of film, and why French and Italian readers have found him particularly appealing. Artists continue to put music to his texts. Films have been made of his short stories, novels and famous essay \"Our Need for Consolation Is Insatiable\". The Stig Dagerman Society in Sweden annually awards the Stig Dagerman Prize to individuals who, like Dagerman, through their work promote empathy and understanding. In 2008, the prize went to the French writer J. M. G. Le Cl\u00e9zio, who later was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Q678611": "The Nieuwe Kerk (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8ni\u028b\u0259 \u02c8k\u025brk]; English: New Church) is a Protestant church in the city of Delft in the Netherlands. The building is located on Delft Market Square (Markt), opposite to the City Hall (Dutch: Stadhuis). In 1584, William the Silent was entombed here in a mausoleum designed by Hendrick and Pieter de Keyser. Since then members of the House of Orange-Nassau have been entombed in the royal crypt. The latest are Queen Juliana and her husband Prince Bernhard in 2004. The private royal family crypt is not open to the public. The church tower, designed by Pierre Cuypers and completed in 1872, is the second highest in the Netherlands, after the Domtoren in Utrecht.", "Q3133221": "Josep Maria Espin\u00e0s i Massip (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bb m\u0259\u02c8\u027ei.\u0259 \u0259spi\u02c8nas]; born 7 March 1927) is a Catalan language writer, journalist and publisher known for his novels, travel writing and newspaper articles.\nAuthor of an extensive body of literature, Espin\u00e0s has been honored with the Premi d'Honor de les Lletres Catalanes, el Premi Joanot Martorell, el Premi Sant Jordi and el Premi V\u00edctor Catal\u00e0. In the 1960s he played a key role in the development of the Nova Can\u00e7\u00f3 movement, co-founding the musical group Els Setze Jutges. Espin\u00e0s cowrote, with Jaume Picas, the lyrics to the official anthem of FC Barcelona, El Cant del Bar\u00e7a..", "Q215636": "George Lachmann Mosse (September 20, 1918 \u2013 January 22, 1999) was an emigre from Nazi Germany, first to Great Britain and then to the United States, who taught history as a professor at the University of Iowa, the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, and the Hebrew University. Best known for his studies of Nazism, he authored more than 25 books on topics as diverse as constitutional history, Protestant theology, and the history of masculinity. In 1966, he and Walter Laqueur founded The Journal of Contemporary History, which they co-edited.", "Q466483": "Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432; born February 20, 1943) is a former Soviet cosmonaut and twice Hero of the Soviet Union (November 23, 1983, and December 29, 1987).", "Q2315605": "Fernando \"Frank\" Caldeiro (June 12, 1958 \u2013 October 3, 2009) was an Argentine-born American scientist and NASA astronaut.", "Q348257": "Timothy Blair (January 3, 1967 \u2013 February 14, 2013), better known by his stage name Tim Dog, was an American rapper from the Bronx, New York, who rose to notoriety during the early 1990s with his debut LP Penicillin on Wax and the celebrated diss track \"Fuck Compton.\" Tim had already appeared on songs with the Ultramagnetic MCs and went on to form a duo, Ultra, with member Kool Keith. \"Fuck Compton\" appeared in XXL magazine's \"Top 25 Diss Tracks of All Time\" and earned Tim Dog critical acclaim from progressive hip-hop producer Blockhead, who said Tim Dog's \"The Dog's Gonna Getcha\" (off Penicillin On Wax) is \"quite possibly the hardest song ever made.\"Nas references Tim Dog on his track \"Where Are They Now?\" from his 2006 Album Hip Hop Is Dead, and despite Tim Dog's feud with Dr. Dre, Eminem (whom Dre had discovered) name-checked him on the track \"Ricky Ticky Toc.\"\nOn February 14, 2013, the media reported that Tim Dog died of complications from diabetes. By May 2013, he was under investigation for allegedly faking his death to avoid charges of grand larceny, and a warrant was issued in Mississippi for his arrest. However, on September 15, 2014, it was finally confirmed by NBC News that Tim Dog had indeed died on February 14, 2013, as had been initially reported, but then disputed. A death certificate was filed in Dekalb County, Georgia, putting an end to speculation that he was still alive and trying to avoid his court-mandated debts.", "Q87302": "Konrad Meyer-Hetling (15 May 1901 \u2013 25 April 1973) was a German agronomist and SS-Oberf\u00fchrer. He is best known for his involvement in the development of Generalplan Ost.", "Q64099": "Brugg (sometimes written as Brugg AG in order to distinguish it from other Bruggs) is a Swiss municipality and a town in the canton of Aargau and is the seat of the district of the same name. The town is located at the confluence of the Aare, Reuss, and Limmat, with the Aare flowing through its medieval part. It is located approximately 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from the cantonal capital of Aarau; 28 kilometers (17 mi) from Z\u00fcrich; and about 45 kilometers (28 mi) from Basel.\nBrugg is the Swiss German term for bridge (German: Br\u00fccke). This is an allusion to the purpose of the medieval town's establishment under the Habsburgs, as the town is located at the narrowest point on the Aare in the Swiss midlands. The Habsburgs\u2019 oldest known residence is located in the neighborhood of Altenburg, which had previously been an independent community. Prior to their relocation to Austria, Brugg was the center of the Habsburgs' territory. Between 1415 and Napoleon\u2019s invasion in 1798, Brugg was a subject territory of Bern. Since then it has belonged to the canton of Aargau.\nThe town is the home of the Swiss Farmers\u2019 Union and is the location of a campus of the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland. Brugg's Vindonissa museum is listed as a heritage site of national significance. An engineer training unit of the Swiss army is also based in the town.", "Q4651894": "This page lists the reported and registered HIV/AIDS cases by reporting region. A region may refer to a country or subdivision, national HIV records are often complicated incomplete or even nonexistent. This list is only documented cases, not for estimated cases. Estimated case numbers differ in significant ways: estimates are available for all areas for all years unlike hard records, and estimates attempt to quantify an epidemic in current time, whereas registered/documented cases are behind the curve, they have lag time to detection and represent the past rather than current situation.\nDocumentation of HIV transmission often present with significant holes and inconsistencies. In the earlier years of the epidemic, especially in Africa, health systems where completely overwhelmed and millions of people died without government recordkeeping, there is little way of knowing how many people contracted HIV, to get around the problem to get the total cumulative number of HIV infections, HIV death data is taken into account in the table below where those living with HIV are summed with those died of HIV for a cumulative HIV infection figure, nevertheless, the data of credible death estimates exist only for the specific years where available. In spite of data quality issues, all these types of data help to create an epidemiological picture.\nUS CDC has changed reporting standards for AIDS related deaths (again in 2014); HIV case reporting is not uniform among states that also implement their own surveillance. Globally, some 35.3 million are living with HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 36 million people have died since the first cases were reported in 1981 and 1.6 million people died of HIV/AIDS in 2012. Using WHO statistics, in 2012 the number of people living with HIV was growing at a faster rate (1.98%) than worldwide human population growth (1.1% annual), and the cumulative number of people with HIV is growing at roughly three times faster (3.22%). The costs of treatment is significantly increasing burden on healthcare systems when budgets remain stagnant, causing cutoffs in funding to healthcare providers.", "Q297147": "I Love You, Beth Cooper is a 2009 American comedy film directed by Chris Columbus and starring Hayden Panettiere and Paul Rust. It is based on the novel by Larry Doyle, with Doyle also writing the film's screenplay.", "Q492264": "A film score is original music written specifically to accompany a film. The score forms part of the film's soundtrack, which also usually includes pre-existing music, dialogue and sound effects, and comprises a number of orchestral, instrumental, or choral pieces called cues, which are timed to begin and end at specific points during the film in order to enhance the dramatic narrative and the emotional impact of the scene in question. Scores are written by one or more composers, under the guidance of, or in collaboration with, the film's director or producer and are then usually performed by an ensemble of musicians \u2013 most often comprising an orchestra or band, instrumental soloists, and choir or vocalists \u2013 known as playback singers and recorded by a sound engineer.\nFilm scores encompass an enormous variety of styles of music, depending on the nature of the films they accompany. The majority of scores are orchestral works rooted in Western classical music, but many scores are also influenced by jazz, rock, pop, blues, new-age and ambient music, and a wide range of ethnic and world music styles. Since the 1950s, a growing number of scores have also included electronic elements as part of the score, and many scores written today feature a hybrid of orchestral and electronic instruments.Since the invention of digital technology and audio sampling, many modern films have been able to rely on digital samples to imitate the sound of live instruments, and many scores are created and performed wholly by the composers themselves, by using music composition software, synthesizers, samplers, and MIDI controllers.\nSongs such as pop songs and rock songs are usually not considered part of the film's score, although songs do also form part of the film's soundtrack. Although some songs, especially in musicals, are based on thematic ideas from the score (or vice versa), scores usually do not have lyrics, except for when sung by choirs or soloists as part of a cue. Similarly, pop songs which are \"needle dropped\" into a specific scene in film for added emphasis, or which are depicted as being part of the scenes' background (e.g., a song playing on a character's car radio), are not considered part of the score, although occasionally the score's composer will write an original pop song based on their themes, such as James Horner's \"My Heart Will Go On\" from Titanic, written for Celine Dion.", "Q88031": "Eduard Heyck (May 30, 1862 \u2013 July 11, 1941) was a German cultural historian, editor, writer and poet.", "Q108807": "J\u00f8rgen Bent Larsen (4 March 1935 \u2013 9 September 2010) was a Danish chess grandmaster and author. Known for his imaginative and unorthodox style of play, he was the first Western player to pose a serious challenge to the Soviet Union's dominance in chess. He is considered to be the strongest player born in Denmark and the strongest from Scandinavia until the emergence of Magnus Carlsen.\nLarsen was a six-time Danish Champion and a Candidate for the World Chess Championship on four occasions, reaching the semifinal three times. He had multiple wins over all seven World Champions who held the title from 1948 to 1985: Mikhail Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, Mikhail Tal, Tigran Petrosian, Boris Spassky, Bobby Fischer, and Anatoly Karpov, but lifetime negative scores against them. On a percentage basis, his best score against a World Champion was with Max Euwe. Larsen and Euwe met over the board only once, at the Munich Olympiad in 1958; the game ended in a draw. From the early 1970s, he divided his year between Las Palmas and Buenos Aires, with his Argentinian-born wife. He suffered from diabetes and died in 2010 from a cerebral haemorrhage.", "Q1040": "Karlsruhe (, also US: , German: [\u02c8ka\u0281ls\u02cc\u0281u\u02d0\u0259] (listen); formerly spelled Carlsruhe) is the second-largest city of the German federal state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg after its capital of Stuttgart, and its 309,999 (2016) inhabitants make it the 21st largest city of Germany. On the right bank of the Rhine, the city lies near the French-German border, between the Mannheim/Ludwigshafen conurbation to the north, and the Strasbourg/Kehl conurbation to the south. It is the largest city of Baden, a historic region named after Hohenbaden Castle in the city of Baden-Baden. Karlsruhe is also the largest city in the South Franconian dialect area (transitional dialects between Central and Upper German), the only other larger city in that area being Heilbronn. The city is the seat of the Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht), as well as of the Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof) and the Public Prosecutor General of the Federal Court of Justice (Generalbundesanwalt beim Bundesgerichtshof).\nKarlsruhe was the capital of the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach (Durlach: 1565\u20131718; Karlsruhe: 1718\u20131771), the Margraviate of Baden (1771\u20131803), the Electorate of Baden (1803\u20131806), the Grand Duchy of Baden (1806\u20131918), and the Republic of Baden (1918\u20131945). Its most remarkable building is Karlsruhe Palace, which was built in 1715. There are nine institutions of higher education in the city, most notably the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Karlsruher Institut f\u00fcr Technologie). Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden Airport (Flughafen Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden) is the second-busiest airport of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg after Stuttgart Airport, and the 17th-busiest airport of Germany.\nIn 2019 the UNESCO announced that Karlsruhe will join her network of \"Creative Cities\" as \"City of Media Arts\".", "Q590301": "William Ingham Brooke Bennett, is a British flute player, born on 7 February 1936 in London to parents who were both architects.", "Q1879449": "L\u00e9on Meyer (11 September 1868 \u2013 22 January 1948) was a French freight broker and Radical politician from the port city of Le Havre.\nHe was mayor of Le Havre from 1919 to 1941, and a national deputy from 1923 to 1941.\nHe was Minister of Merchant Marine in 1932\u201333. \nAs a Jew he was removed from office during World War II (1939\u201345), and in 1944 was deported and spent 17 months in concentration camps.", "Q75194": "Ismail Ertug (Turkish: \u0130smail Ertu\u011f; born 5 December 1975) is a German politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Party of European Socialists.", "Q151972": "Josephine Baker (born Freda Josephine McDonald, naturalised French Jos\u00e9phine Baker; 3 June 1906 \u2013 12 April 1975) was an American-born French entertainer, French Resistance agent, and civil rights activist. Her career was centered primarily in Europe, mostly in her adopted France. Baker was the first African-American to star in a major motion picture, the 1927 silent film Siren of the Tropics, directed by Mario Nalpas and Henri \u00c9ti\u00e9vant.During her early career Baker was renowned as a dancer, and was among the most celebrated performers to headline the revues of the Folies Berg\u00e8re in Paris. Her performance in the revue Un vent de folie in 1927 caused a sensation in Paris. Her costume, consisting of only a short skirt of artificial bananas and a beaded necklace, became an iconic image and a symbol of the Jazz Age and the 1920s. \nBaker was celebrated by artists and intellectuals of the era, who variously dubbed her the \u201cBlack Venus\u201d, the \"Black Pearl\", the \"Bronze Venus\", and the \"Creole Goddess\". Born in St. Louis, Missouri, she renounced her U.S. citizenship and became a French national after her marriage to French industrialist Jean Lion in 1937. She raised her children in France. \"I have two loves, my country and Paris\", Baker once said, and she sang: \u00ab\u2009J'ai deux amours, mon pays et Paris\u2009\u00bb.She was known for aiding the French Resistance during World War II. After the war, she was awarded the Croix de guerre by the French military, and was named a Chevalier of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur by General Charles de Gaulle.Baker refused to perform for segregated audiences in the United States and is noted for her contributions to the Civil Rights Movement. In 1968, she was offered unofficial leadership in the movement in the United States by Coretta Scott King, following Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination. After thinking it over, Baker declined the offer out of concern for the welfare of her children.", "Q213521": "Ashlee Nicolle Ross (n\u00e9e Simpson; born October 3, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. The younger sister of singer and actress Jessica Simpson, she began her career as a back-up dancer for her sister and appeared in television commercials at the age of 15. She later pursued a career as an actress and had a recurring role on the family drama 7th Heaven. Her breakout came following her appearance on the reality show Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica, broadcast on MTV between 2003 and 2005, which focused on Ashlee's older sister Jessica and Jessica's then-husband Nick Lachey. While working on her debut studio album, Simpson became the star of a spin-off reality series, The Ashlee Simpson Show, which was broadcast on MTV between 2004 and 2005. Like her sister before her, Simpson became the center of considerable media attention, much of which focused on her relationship with musician Ryan Cabrera.\nWhen Simpson's debut single, \"Pieces of Me,\" was released in 2004, it became a top-five hit in the United States and topped the Billboard Mainstream Top 40 chart based on radio airplay. The success of the single and her reality show helped propel her debut album, Autobiography, also released in 2004, to the top of the Billboard 200 albums chart. The project sold over five million copies worldwide, making it her most successful album to date. Simpson had a leading role in the film Undiscovered (2005), which became a critical and commercial flop. The failure of the film, along with multiple critically panned performances, led to much media scrutiny towards Simpson. Despite this, Simpson's second studio album, I Am Me (2005), debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming her second album to do so. The album went on to receive a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).\nIn 2006, Simpson began a relationship with Fall Out Boy member Pete Wentz, which gained much media attention. Following her appearance as Roxie Hart in the West End production of Chicago, Simpson announced that she had begun working on her third studio album. The album differed from the pop-rock sound of her previous efforts, featuring a dance-pop and 1980s themed sound. Bittersweet World was released in 2008 to positive critical reception, but it saw a decline in sales for Simpson. The effort reached number 4 on the Billboard 200 and went on to sell 126,000 copies by 2009. Simpson announced her engagement to Wentz in April 2008, with the pair wedding. The following year, Simpson joined the main cast of the Melrose Place revamp, which was met with harsh critical reception. She later portrayed Roxie Hart in Chicago on Broadway.\nSimpson announced her separation from Wentz in 2011, citing irreconcilable differences. Simpson announced a fourth studio album that same year. She independently released the single \"Bat for a Heart\" (2012), though it failed to have success. Simpson eventually scrapped the album and focused on her child. She began dating actor Evan Ross in 2013, with the couple marrying in August 2014. They have a daughter together, Jagger Snow, born in July 2015.", "Q14218": "Colette Rolland (born 1943, in Dieupentale, Tarn-et-Garonne, France) is a French computer scientist and Professor of Computer Science in the department of Mathematics and Informatics at the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, and a leading researcher in the area of information and knowledge systems, known for her work on meta-modeling, particularly goal modelling and situational method engineering.", "Q1726": "Munich ( MEW-nik; German: M\u00fcnchen [\u02c8m\u028fn\u00e7n\u0329] (listen); Austro-Bavarian: Minga [\u02c8m\u026a\u014b(\u02d0)\u0250]; Slovene: Monakovo; Latin: Monachium; Italian: Monaco di Baviera) is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, the second most populous German federal state. With a population of around 1.5 million, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state, as well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union. The city's metropolitan region is home to 6 million people. Straddling the banks of the River Isar (a tributary of the Danube) north of the Bavarian Alps, it is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavaria, while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany (4,500 people per km\u00b2). Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect area, after the Austrian capital of Vienna. Munich was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2006 FIFA World Cup.\nThe city is a global centre of art, science, technology, finance, publishing, culture, innovation, education, business, and tourism and enjoys a very high standard and quality of living, reaching first in Germany and third worldwide according to the 2018 Mercer survey, and being rated the world's most liveable city by the Monocle's Quality of Life Survey 2018. According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute Munich is considered an alpha-world city, as of 2015. Munich is a major international center of engineering, science, innovation, and research, exemplified by the presence of two research universities, a multitude of scientific institutions in the city and its surroundings, and world class technology and science museums like the Deutsches Museum and BMW Museum. Munich houses many multinational companies and its economy is based on high tech, automobiles, the service sector and creative industries, as well as IT, biotechnology, engineering and electronics among many others.\nThe name of the city is derived from the Old/Middle High German term Munichen, meaning \"by the monks\". It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order, who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat of arms. Munich was first mentioned in 1158. Catholic Munich strongly resisted the Reformation and was a political point of divergence during the resulting Thirty Years' War, but remained physically untouched despite an occupation by the Protestant Swedes. Once Bavaria was established as a sovereign kingdom in 1806, it became a major European centre of arts, architecture, culture and science. In 1918, during the German Revolution, the ruling house of Wittelsbach, which had governed Bavaria since 1180, was forced to abdicate in Munich and a short-lived socialist republic was declared.\nIn the 1920s, Munich became home to several political factions, among them the NSDAP. The first attempt of the Nazi movement to take over the German government in 1923 with the Beer Hall Putsch was stopped by the Bavarian police in Munich with gunfire. After the Nazis' rise to power, Munich was declared their \"Capital of the Movement\". During World War II, Munich was heavily bombed and more than 50% of the entire city and up to 90% of the historic centre were destroyed. After the end of postwar American occupation in 1949, there was a great increase in population and economic power during the years of Wirtschaftswunder, or \"economic miracle\". Unlike many other German cities which were heavily bombed, Munich restored most of its traditional cityscape and hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics. The 1980s brought strong economic growth, high-tech industries and scientific institutions, and population growth. The city is home to major corporations like BMW, Siemens, MAN, Linde, Allianz and MunichRE.\nMunich is home to many universities, museums and theatres. Its numerous architectural attractions, sports events, exhibitions and its annual Oktoberfest attract considerable tourism. Munich is one of the most prosperous and fastest growing cities in Germany. It is a top-ranked destination for migration and expatriate location. Munich hosts more than 530,000 people of foreign background, making up 37.7% of its population.", "Q666349": "Ta Kung Pao (simplified Chinese: \u5927\u516c\u62a5; traditional Chinese: \u5927\u516c\u5831; pinyin: D\u00e0g\u014dng B\u00e0o; Jyutping: daai6 gung1 bou3; formerly L'Impartial) is the oldest active Chinese language newspaper in China. Founded in Tianjin in 1902, the paper is state-owned, controlled by the Liaison Office of the Central Government after the Chinese Civil War. Widely regarded as a veteran pro-Beijing newspaper, it covers a range of political, economic and cultural topics.\nThe current circulation of Ta Kung Pao newspaper is estimated to be 400,000 copies (in print), of which 160,000 copies are distributed in Hong Kong, 210,000 in Mainland China, and 30,000 for the rest of the world. The daily visits of its online version is estimated to be 150,000. In 2016, it merged with Hong Kong newspaper Wen Wei Po.\n\n", "Q139364": "Charles Herbert Allen (April 15, 1848 \u2013 April 20, 1934) was an American politician and businessman. After serving in state and federal elected positions, he was appointed as the first United States-appointed civilian governor of Puerto Rico when the U.S. acquired it after the Spanish\u2013American War. He previously had served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President William McKinley.\nAfter returning to the U.S. from Puerto Rico, Allen headed for Wall Street and became a vice president of Morton Trust Company and its successor, the Guaranty Trust Company of New York. He formed the American Sugar Refining Company\u2014a sugar syndicate which, by 1907, was the largest in the world. It owned or controlled 98% of the sugar processing capacity in the U.S. and was known as the Sugar Trust. Allen was treasurer of American Sugar Refining in 1910, its president in 1913, and in 1915 he joined its board of directors. In the early 21st century, the company is known as Domino Sugar.", "Q225093": "Company is a 2002 Indian Hindi-language gangster film directed by Ram Gopal Varma and written by Jaideep Sahni. The film stars Mohanlal, Ajay Devgn, debutant Vivek Oberoi, Manisha Koirala, and Antara Mali in the lead roles. It is the second film in the Indian Gangster trilogy, and a sequel to Satya (1998). Company follows Chandu, a henchman of a gangster named Malik, with whom he forms a rapport that eventually falls apart after tension arise between them.\nVarma conceived the idea of the film after meeting a man named Haneef, who had been in prison for five years after the 1993 Bombay bombings and was a close aid of the mobster and terrorist Dawood Ibrahim. Haneef told Varma about the fallout between Ibrahim and Chhota Rajan. Varma also had a lot of information which he used in the film, especially about police procedures he could not use in Satya since it was too much for one film. The film was made in several locations of Mumbai, Mombasa, Nairobi, Hong Kong and Switzerland. Hemant Chaturvedi served as the director of photography while Chandan Arora edited the film.\nCompany was released on 12 April 2002 to positive response. It was a commercial success, grossing \u20b925.02 crore against its production budget of \u20b97 crore. It was screened at Austin Film Festival, New York Asian Film Festival and the Fribourg International Film Festival. The film won six awards at the 48th Filmfare Awards, including the Best Supporting Actor and Best Male Debut for Oberoi, and Critics Award for Best Actor for Devgn.", "Q725516": "Kelly Jones (born 3 June 1974) is a Welsh singer-songwriter. He is the lead singer and lead guitarist of the rock band Stereophonics.", "Q961003": "Robert Eugene Byrne (April 20, 1928 \u2013 April 12, 2013) was an American chess grandmaster and chess author. He won the U.S. Championship in 1972, and was a World Chess Championship Candidate in 1974. Byrne represented the United States nine times in Chess Olympiads from 1952 to 1976 and won seven medals. He was the chess columnist from 1972 to 2006 for The New York Times, which ran his final column (a recounting of his 1952 victory over David Bronstein) on November 12, 2006. Byrne worked as a university professor for many years, before becoming a chess professional in the early 1970s.", "Q99882": "Hans Westermann (July 17, 1890 \u2013 March 16, 1935) was a German Communist, politician and fighter in the German Resistance against the Third Reich. He died in Nazi custody days after being arrested by the Gestapo.", "Q73283": "Yukio Sakurauchi (\u6afb\u5185 \u5e78\u96c4, Sakurauchi Yukio, 14 October 1888 \u2013 9 October 1947) was an entrepreneur, politician and cabinet minister in the pre-war Empire of Japan. He was the father of prominent post-war politician Yoshio Sakurauchi, and grandfather of controversial politician Seiichi Ota.\nSakurauchi was born in former Hirose Town Shimane Prefecture, in what is now part of the city of Yasugi, Shimane. The Sakurauchi family were former samurai in the service of Matsue Domain. His father relocated to Yonago in neighboring Tottori Prefecture in 1885, and started a company to produce and sell Water wheels. The venture did not succeed, and the family moved to Sakaiminato starting a business in commodity trading in 1886, followed by tofu production and retail sales in 1887. Sakurauchi left home in 1893 to work in a paper mill in Yokohama in 1893 for minimal wages. In 1895, he was in Tokyo, working as a typesetter and artisan for a newspaper, becoming a reporter for the Nippon Telegraph news agency in 1902, and executive director of the Ogura Racing Association by 1907. Making a fortune in speculating in horses by 1908, he was appointed president of Saitama Electric Light Company in 1909 and president of Okayama Hydroelectric Company in 1917.\nSakurauchi was elected to the Lower House of the Diet of Japan in the 1920 General Election, under the Rikken Seiy\u016bkai banner, and was reelected for six terms. Sakurauchi became president of Ibiden company in 1925. He subsequently changed his political party affiliation to the Rikken Minseit\u014d, and served as Secretary-General of the party in 1927.\nIn 1931, Prime Minister Wakatsuki Reijir\u014d picked Sakurauchi as Minister of Commerce and Industry. He returned to the Cabinet under the Hirota administration as Minister of Agriculture and Forestry in 1939. In 1940, Sakurauchi was asked to serve as Treasury Minister under the Yonai administration. As with all other Japanese politicians, Sakurauchi was forced to join the Taisei Yokusankai created by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe. From May 1945 to April 1946, Sakurauchi served as a member of the Privy Council.\nAfter the surrender of Japan, Sakurauchi was purged from public office in 1946 along with all other members of the wartime administration. He died the following year.", "Q938176": "Tomahawk is an American rock supergroup. They formed in 1999 when singer/keyboardist Mike Patton (Faith No More, Mr Bungle) met guitar player Duane Denison (The Jesus Lizard) and the pair started swapping tapes with the intention of collaborating. Denison then recruited drummer John Stanier (Helmet), while Patton invited bass player Kevin Rutmanis (Melvins/ex-Cows). The group recorded three albums and toured extensively from 2000\u20132007 then went on extended hiatus, and reformed in 2013 with Trevor Dunn replacing Rutmanis.", "Q179740": "Domingo Qui\u00f1ones is a singer of salsa music. He is also a composer, producer and actor.\nDomingo Quinones was born on August 9, 1963 in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. When he was four years old he moved to Puerto Rico with his parents and lived in Ceiba, Puerto Rico. He returned to New York City in 1977. He began his career there six years later with the Conjunto Nativo. He also performed with other groups, including the orchestra of Rafael de Jes\u00fas, with Jos\u00e9 Alberto \"El Canario\", with Johnny Rodriguez and the Conjunto Cl\u00e1sico.\nIn 1985 he replaced Roberto Lugo in the orchestra of Luis \"Perico\" Ortiz with whom he recorded four albums, including La vida en broma (1985), In Tradition (1986) and Perico (1987). He then sang for a time with Louie Ramirez and Roberto Roena.\nIn 1990, he signed as a solo artist with RMM and released his first solo album: Domingo es mi nombre. After joining Tito Puente on his 100th record, Qui\u00f1ones released his second solo album Pintando Lunas. That album included a duet entitled \"Dos Amigos\" with Tony Vega and a salsa version of the song \"Crazy for You\" which proved his great versatility.\nThis was followed by six additional recordings with RMM. His 1996 album, \"Mi Meta\", included the single \"Tu Como Estas\" (\"How are you\"), his first #1 single on the Latin Tropical Airplay chart. The follow-up album, \"Se necesita un milagro\", selected as one of the most influential albums by the National Foundation for Popular Culture of Puerto Rico. Among his many popular songs was \"Mi Negrita Me Espera\". The lead single, \"No Voy a Dejarte Ir\" (\"I'm not letting you go\") became a hit on the Latin Tropical Airplay chart peaking at #2.In 1998, he demonstrated his acting abilities in the rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar, together with Olga Ta\u00f1\u00f3n, Michael Stuart and Tito Auger of the music group Fiel \u00e0 la Vega. This was followed by playing the role of the legendary singer H\u00e9ctor Lavoe in the New York play, Quien Mato a H\u00e9ctor Lavoe? with songs like \"La Voz de Siempre\". The play and his performance won kudos from the critics including the New York Times, proclaiming that Qui\u00f1ones captured the very essence of Lavoe's life and music.\nHe returned to producing music recordings with the release of Poeta y guerrero which included his own compositions. But his acting days were not over yet as he won the role of Sgt. Miller in the movie H\u00e9roes de Otra Patria, about Puerto Rican soldiers in the Vietnam War. The film won Honorable Mention in the Festival de Cine de Vi\u00f1a del Mar (Chile) and was the official entry from Puerto Rico in the foreign film category of the 1999 Oscar competition. His more recent film roles included that of a San Juan music promoter in Jennifer Lopez and Marc Anthonys 2007 film \"El Cantante\"\nOn March 9, 2011 after feeling off in the afternoon, the singer was taken to UPR Hospital where he was later referred to the Rio Piedras Medical center. It was discovered that Domingo had suffered a mild stroke. He remained alert and retained use of his hands.", "Q43340": "The D\u00fcssi (or Piz Git) is a mountain in the Glarus Alps in central Switzerland, located on the border between the cantons of Uri and Graub\u00fcnden. Its massif separates the valleys of Maderanertal (Uri) and Val Russein (Graub\u00fcnden). The summit (3,256 metres) is also named Gross D\u00fcssi to distinguish it from a lower summit to the south named Chli D\u00fcssi (3,125 metres) .\nThe D\u00fcssi is surrounded by glaciers, the Ober H\u00fcfifirn on its northern side. The largest on its south-eastern side (in Graub\u00fcnden) is the Glatscher da Cavrein.", "Q98544": "Bettina B\u00f6ttinger (born 4 July 1956 in D\u00fcsseldorf) is a German television presenter and producer", "Q159490": "Jan Zahradil (born 30 March 1963) is a Czech politician for the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) who has been Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since the Czech Republic entered the European Union in 2004. Zahradil also served as Member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) from 1998 to 2004.\nA scientific researcher by profession, Zahradil entered politics during the Velvet Revolution. He was a member of the Federal Assembly of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic,\nbefore becoming an adviser to Prime Minister V\u00e1clav Klaus. In 1998, he was elected to the national Chamber of Deputies. Three years later, he became Vice-Chairman of the ODS. Following an unsuccessful attempt to become Chairman in 2002, he was appointed First Vice-Chairman. From his election to the Chamber of Deputies until 2006 he was the ODS shadow minister for Foreign Affairs.\nHe was appointed an MEP on the Czech Republic's accession to the EU, in May 2004, and was elected at the top of the ODS's list at the June 2004 election. He was elected head of the Civic Democrats' delegation in the European Parliament, in which capacity he led the negotiations that founded the European Conservatives and Reformists. He was re-elected in 2009 and became Vice-Chairman of the newly founded ECR. In March 2011, Zahradil was elected Chairman, replacing Micha\u0142 Kami\u0144ski. He also sits on the Parliament's Committee on Development.", "Q83602": "Homeschooling, also known as home education, is the education of children at home or a variety of places other than school. Home education is usually conducted by a parent, tutor, or an online teacher. Many families use less formal ways of educating. \"Homeschooling\" is the term commonly used in North America, whereas \"home education\" is commonly used in the United Kingdom, Europe, and in many Commonwealth countries.Before the introduction of compulsory school attendance laws, most childhood education was done by families and local communities. In many developed countries, homeschooling is a legal alternative to public and private schools. In other nations, homeschooling remains illegal or restricted to specific conditions, as recorded by homeschooling international status and statistics.", "Q248243": "The Second Viennese School (German: Zweite Wiener Schule, Neue Wiener Schule) is the group of composers that comprised Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils and close associates in early 20th-century Vienna, where he lived and taught, sporadically, between 1903 and 1925. Their music was initially characterized by late-Romantic expanded tonality and later, following Schoenberg's own evolution, a totally chromatic expressionism without firm tonal centre, often referred to as atonality; and later still, Schoenberg's serial twelve-tone technique. Though this common development took place, it neither followed a common time-line nor a cooperative path. Likewise, it was not a direct result of Schoenberg's teaching\u2014which, as his various published textbooks demonstrate, was highly traditional and conservative. Schoenberg's textbooks also reveal that the Second Viennese School spawned not from the development of his serial method, but rather from the influence of his creative example.", "Q153803": "General John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, 1st Prince of Mindelheim, 1st Count of Nellenburg, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, (, often ; 26 May 1650 \u2013 16 June 1722 O.S.), was an English soldier and statesman whose career spanned the reigns of five monarchs. From a gentry family, he served first as a page at the court of the House of Stuart under James, Duke of York, through the 1670s and early 1680s, earning military and political advancement through his courage and diplomatic skill.\nChurchill's role in defeating the Monmouth Rebellion in 1685 helped secure James on the throne, but he was a key player in the military conspiracy that led to James being deposed during the Glorious Revolution. Rewarded by William III with the title Earl of Marlborough, persistent charges of Jacobitism led to his fall from office and temporary imprisonment in the Tower of London. William recognised his abilities by appointing him as his deputy in Flanders before the War of the Spanish Succession in 1701 but it was not until the accession of Queen Anne in 1702 he secured his fame and fortune.\nMarriage to Sarah Jennings and her relationship with Anne ensured Marlborough's rise, first to the Captain-Generalcy of British forces, then to a dukedom. As de facto leader of Allied forces in the Low Countries, his victories at Blenheim (1704), Ramillies (1706), Oudenarde (1708), and Malplaquet (1709), ensured his place in history as one of Europe's great generals.\nHis wife's stormy relationship with the Queen, and her subsequent dismissal from court, was central to his own fall. Incurring Anne's disfavour, and caught between Tory and Whig factions, Marlborough was forced from office and went into self-imposed exile. He returned to favour with the accession of George I to the British throne in 1714, but a stroke in 1716 ended his active career.\nMarlborough's leadership of the Allied armies fighting Louis XIV from 1701 to 1710 consolidated Britain's emergence as a front-rank power, while his ability to maintain unity in the fractious coalition demonstrated his diplomatic skills. He is often remembered by military historians as much for his organisational and logistic skills as tactical abilities. However, he was also instrumental in moving from the siege warfare that dominated the Nine Years' War, arguing one battle was worth ten sieges.", "Q40649": "Cristina Elisabet Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner (Spanish pronunciation: [k\u027eis\u02c8tina elisa\u02c8\u03b2et fer\u02c8nandez \u00f0e \u02c8ki\u027e\u0283ne\u027e] (listen); born 19 February 1953), sometimes referred to by her initials CFK, is an Argentine politician who is the current Vice President of Argentina since 10 December 2019. She also previously served as the President of Argentina from 2007 to 2015, as well as the First Lady during her husband, N\u00e9stor Kirchner's tenure.\nFern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner is the third woman to hold the Argentine vice presidency, the second woman to hold the Argentine presidency, the first directly elected female president, and the first woman re-elected to the office. Ideologically a Peronist, she was a member of the Justicialist Party, with her political approach being characterised as Kirchnerism.\nBorn in La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, she studied law at the National University of La Plata, and moved to Patagonia with her husband N\u00e9stor Kirchner upon graduation. She was elected to the provincial legislature; her husband was elected mayor of R\u00edo Gallegos. She was elected national senator in 1995, and had a controversial tenure, while her husband was elected governor of Santa Cruz Province. In 1994, she was also elected to the constituent assembly that amended the Constitution of Argentina. She was the First Lady from 2003 to 2007 after her husband was elected president. \nN\u00e9stor Kirchner did not run for reelection. Instead, she was the candidate for the Front for Victory party, becoming president in the 2007 presidential election. Her first term of office started with a conflict with the agricultural sector, and her proposed taxation system was rejected. After this she nationalized private pension funds, and fired the president of the Central Bank. The price of public services remained subsidised, the country lost its self-supply of energy, and she renationalized energy firm YPF as a result.\nHer government implemented measures such as the application of universal allocation per child, the re-nationalization of pension funds, the Conectar Igualdad program, the increase in the budget for science and research, a new media law and the broadening of LGBT rights, including same-sex marriage and the Gender Identity Law. She also carried out policies in pursuit of human rights, such as the trials of military personnel involved in the Dirty War. There have been more than 500 people sentenced, and 1,000 convicted, in a process that was unprecedented in Latin America.Several corruption scandals took place and she faced several demonstrations against her rule. She was charged for fraudulently low price sales of dollar futures and was indicted for obstructing the investigation into the 1994 AMIA Bombing. In 2017, an arrest warrant was issued for Kirchner charging her for treason after further evidence surfaced showing that the pact signed between her government and Iran secretly included the impunity of the Iranians involved in the terrorist attack. Because of Kirchner's parliamentary immunity, she did not go to prison. In 2018, she was also indicted for corruption on charges alleging that her administration had accepted bribes in exchange for public works contracts.", "Q442253": "Hans Westmar (full title: Hans Westmar. Einer von vielen. Ein deutsches Schicksal aus dem Jahre 1929 \"Hans Westmar. One of many. A German Fate from the Year 1929\") was the last of an unofficial trilogy of films produced by the Nazis shortly after coming to power in January 1933, celebrating their Kampfzeit \u2013 the history of their period in opposition, struggling to gain power. \nThe film is a partially fictionalized biography of the Nazi martyr Horst Wessel.", "Q236": "Montenegro ( (listen); Montenegrin: \u0426\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0430, romanized: Crna Gora, [tsr\u0329\u0302\u02d0na\u02d0 \u0261\u01d2ra]) is a country of South and Southeast Europe on the coast of the Balkans. It borders Bosnia-Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east, Albania to the southeast, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, and Croatia to the west. Montenegro has an area of 13,812 square kilometres and a population of 620,079 (2011 census). Its capital, Podgorica, is one of the twenty-three municipalities in the country. Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital.\nDuring the Early Medieval period, three principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half; Travunia, the west; and Rascia proper, the north. In 1042, archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja from the Byzantine Empire and the establishment of the Vojislavljevi\u0107 dynasty. After being ruled by the Nemanji\u0107 dynasty for two centuries, the independent Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries, ruled by the House of Bal\u0161i\u0107 between 1356 and 1421, and by the House of Crnojevi\u0107 between 1431 and 1498, when the name Montenegro started being used for the country. After falling under Ottoman rule, Montenegro regained de facto independence in 1697 under the rule of the House of Petrovi\u0107-Njego\u0161, first under the theocratic rule of prince-bishops, before being transformed into a secular principality in 1852. Montenegro's de jure independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, following the Montenegrin\u2013Ottoman War. In 1905, the country became a kingdom. After World War I, it became part of Yugoslavia. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro together established a federation known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was renamed to the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003. On the basis of an independence referendum held in May 2006, Montenegro declared independence and the federation peacefully dissolved on 3 June of that year, ending a nearly 88-year union between the two states.Since 1990, the state of Montenegro has been governed by the Democratic Party of Socialists and its minor coalition partners. Classified by the World Bank as an upper middle-income country, Montenegro is a member of the UN, NATO, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, and the Central European Free Trade Agreement. It is a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean.\n\n", "Q510501": "Arsen Revazov (born December 12, 1966) is an Israeli author, entrepreneur, and art-photographer.\n\n", "Q303040": "American Reunion (also known as American Pie 4: Reunion or American Pie: Reunion in certain countries) is a 2012 American ensemble sex comedy film written and directed by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg. It is the fourth installment in the American Pie theatrical series.\nThe film received mixed reviews from critics, and grossed $250 million worldwide.", "Q727301": "Sergey Andreevich Muromtsev (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0443\u0301\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0446\u0435\u0432) (October 5, 1850, Saint Petersburg \u2013 October 4, 1910, Moscow) was a Russian lawyer and politician, and chairman of the First Imperial Duma in 1906.\nMuromtsev was a Russian nobleman from Tula and a Professor of Roman Law at Moscow University. In 1893, he and his wife Marya built the Muromtsev Dacha in Moscow. In the late 19th century, he was among the creators of the Constitutional Democratic Party, better known as the KD or Cadet party, of which he was chairman for several years. In April 1906, he was elected as a representative for Moscow in the First Duma, of which he was then elected chairman (or president) on May 10. He tried to maintain some degree of order and dignity in this difficult assembly, which is often known as the \"Duma of the Public Anger\".\nHe was much praised for the way he chaired the debates, always keeping to the strictest legality but always pursuing a constitutional and anti-autocratic agenda. Despite his efforts, the Duma was dissolved on July 21, 1906, by Imperial ukase of tsar Nicholas II. Muromtsev wanted the elected Duma to continue its work and proposed that it should retreat to Finland. For signing this appeal, he was imprisoned for some months and could not be re-elected in the later Dumas.\nHis funeral, at the New Donskoy Cemetery on October 7, 1910, was the occasion of one of the first public demonstrations of support for constitutional ideas since the dissolution of the Duma. His niece, Vera Muromtseva, was the wife of Ivan Bunin, a celebrated Russian author.", "Q6455599": "The Woman in the Dunes (\u7802\u306e\u5973 Suna no Onna, \"Sand Woman\") is a novel by the Japanese writer K\u014db\u014d Abe, published in 1962. It won the 1962 Yomiuri Prize for literature, and an English translation and a film adaptation appeared in 1964.", "Q208667": "Stellan John Skarsg\u00e5rd (;Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8st\u025b\u0302l\u02d0an \u02c8sk\u0251\u030c\u02d0\u0282\u0261o\u02d0\u0256] (listen) born 13 June 1951) is a Swedish actor. He is known for his roles as Jan Nyman in Breaking the Waves (1996), Captain Tupolev in The Hunt for Red October (1990), Professor Gerald Lambeau in Good Will Hunting (1997), Bootstrap Bill Turner in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006) and Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007), Bill Anderson in Mamma Mia! (2008) and the sequel Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (2018), Commander Maximilian Richter in Angels and Demons (2009), Martin Vanger in The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo (2011), Dr. Erik Selvig in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor (2011), The Avengers (2012), Thor: The Dark World (2013), and Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), The Grand Duke in Cinderella (2015), and Boris Shcherbina in the HBO/Sky UK television miniseries Chernobyl (2019).", "Q2835461": "Eduardo S\u00e1nchez Junco (April 26, 1943 \u2013 July 14, 2010) spent his childhood in Barcelona, where his father, Antonio S\u00e1nchez G\u00f3mez (1911\u20131984), was the editor of newspaper La Prensa. It was there, in their living room at home, that Eduardo's father and mother, Mercedes Junco Calder\u00f3n (1920\u20132019), came up with the idea of a magazine showing life at its most beautiful, through reporting that would be both respectful and truthful. And so, on September 8, 1944, \u00a1Hola! was born. Since then, it has become a publishing empire in a class of its own. \nEduardo, just a year old when the magazine was launched, grew up surrounded by the tools of the trade, but his own interests focussed at first not on publishing, but on nature. He studied agricultural engineering. But while he always maintained a strong interest in this subject, he also felt drawn to his parents\u2019 profession, and joined his father at work on \u00a1Hola!, by then already a household name.\nFollowing his father's death in 1984, Eduardo took over the helm of the business. He chose to do so in the most hands-on way, as a journalist. While bringing up their three children \u2013 daughters Mamen and Cheleles, and son Eduardo \u2013 he and his wife, Mamen P\u00e9rez Villota, together studied for degrees in journalism. \nEduardo, a media visionary, then embarked on a new stage of his company's expansion, propelling it onto the international stage. He launched Hello! magazine, which, like \u00a1HOLA!, marked a true departure, being the first magazine of its kind in Britain.\nBy the end of his career Eduardo had become a publishing legend. Thanks to him, \u00a1HOLA! exists in no less than 14 different national editions across the world. As well as Spain and Britain, 12 more countries belong to the \u00a1HOLA! family: Russia, Turkey, Thailand, Dubai, Greece, Morocco, Canada, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Serbia and Brazil. Published in ten different languages, the magazine is exported to a total of 70 countries, where it is read by 12 million people each week, making it one of the most-read publications in the world. Then there are the online editions, hola.com \u2013 the leading women's-interest internet portal, with 60 million page hits per month \u2013 and its English-language version, hellomagazine.com. \nEduardo was recognised with numerous prizes (see below). Among them are the European Forum's Gold Medal, the Gold Medal from the Queen Sofia Spanish Institute in New York and the Luca de Tena prize, presented to him by the King of Spain, as well as the International Press Directory's International Publishing Award. \nTo understand Eduardo the media magnate one had to understand Eduardo the man. He thought of his company as an extension of his family, and in fact all three of his children, as well as his mother and his wife, play key editorial roles. This guarantees the continued success of a title which has already made history. \nAlong with his charismatic personality, Eduardo's publishing philosophy was responsible for his extraordinary achievements. He knew to perfection what to offer his readers. He defined it as \"the froth of life, nothing dense, nothing heavy. Not claiming to be anything more than entertainment, but always tasteful and discreet, never harmful nor judgmental, and never descending to gossip. A kind magazine, full of human interest.\"", "Q381731": "Burn After Reading is a 2008 black comedy crime film written, produced, edited, and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. It follows a recently jobless CIA analyst (John Malkovich) whose misplaced memoirs are found by a pair of dimwitted gym employees (Frances McDormand and Brad Pitt), crossing paths with a womanising US marshal (George Clooney), also starring Tilda Swinton, Richard Jenkins and J.K. Simmons. The film had its premiere on August 27, 2008, opening at the 2008 Venice Film Festival. It was released in the United States on September 12, 2008, and in the United Kingdom on October 17, 2008. It did well at the box office, grossing over $168 million from its $37 million budget. Critical response was mixed, but overall positive, with nominations at both the Golden Globes and the BAFTA awards.", "Q61687": "Fritz Fischer (5 March 1908 \u2013 1 December 1999) was a German historian best known for his analysis of the causes of World War I. In the early 1960s Fischer advanced the controversial thesis that responsibility for the outbreak of the war rested solely on Imperial Germany. He has been described by John A. Moses as the most important German historian of the 20th century.\n\n", "Q454431": "Jocelyne Saab (30 April 1948 \u2013 7 January 2019) was a Lebanese journalist and film director. She is recognized as one of the pioneers of Lebanese cinema. A reporter, photographer, scriptwriter, producer, director, artist and founder of the Cultural Resistance International Film Festival of Lebanon, Saab focused on the deprived and disadvantaged \u2013 from displaced peoples to exiled fighters, cities at war and a Fourth World without a voice. Her work is grounded in historic violence, and in an awareness of the actions and images required to document, reflect on and counteract it.", "Q550125": "Kristian Mandrup Elster (4 March 1841 \u2013 11 April 1881) was a Norwegian novelist, journalist, literary critic and theatre critic.", "Q174264": "David Timothy Dreier (/dra\u026a\u0259r/; born July 5, 1952) is an American entrepreneur and Republican Party politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from California from 1981 to 2013. He was one of the youngest members ever elected to the United States Congress. He is also the youngest chairman of the House Rules Committee in U.S. history. From 2019 to 2020, Dreier served as the chairman of the Tribune Publishing Company. Dreier also founded and chairs the Fallen Journalists Memorial Foundation.", "Q134898": "Slavenka Drakuli\u0107 (born 4 July 1949) is a Croatian journalist, novelist, and essayist whose works on feminism, communism, and post-communism have been translated into many languages.Drakuli\u0107 was born in Rijeka, Croatia, on July 4, 1949. She graduated in comparative literature and sociology from the University in Zagreb in 1976. From 1982 to 1992, she was a staff writer for the Start bi-weekly newspaper and news weekly Danas (both in Zagreb), writing mainly on feminist issues. In addition to her novels and collections of essays, Drakuli\u0107's work has appeared in The New Republic, The New York Times Magazine, The New York Review of Books, S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung, Internazionale, The Nation, La Stampa, Dagens Nyheter, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Eurozine, Politiken and The Guardian. She is a contributing editor for The Nation. She lives in Croatia and in Sweden.", "Q59318": "Johnny Guitar is a 1954 American Trucolor western drama film directed by Nicholas Ray starring Joan Crawford, Sterling Hayden, Mercedes McCambridge, and Scott Brady. The screenplay was adapted from a novel by Roy Chanslor. \nIn 2008, Johnny Guitar was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q5540": "Penza (Russian: \u041f\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0437\u0430, IPA: [\u02c8p\u02b2\u025bnz\u0259]) is a city and the administrative center of Penza Oblast, Russia, located on the Sura River, 625 kilometers (388 mi) southeast of Moscow. Population: 517,311\u2009(2010 Census); 518,025\u2009(2002 Census); 542,612\u2009(1989 Census).", "Q237497": "Cherie Ann Currie (born November 30, 1959) is an American musician, actress and artist. Currie was the lead vocalist of the Runaways, a rock band from Los Angeles, in the mid-to-late 1970s. After the Runaways, she became a solo artist. Then she teamed up with her identical twin sister, Marie Currie, and released an album with her. Their duet \"Since You've Been Gone\" reached number 95 on US charts. Their band was called Cherie and Marie Currie. She is also well known for her role in the movie Foxes.", "Q41557": "Ruth Hayward (born July 29, 1934), is an engineer, sculptor, and philanthropist. She is also known for her sculptures of public figures in San Diego. A lifelong resident of San Diego, in 1987 she was honored with a Tribute to Women & Industry (TWIN) award by the YWCA for her work as an engineer at General Dynamics/Electronics and as a volunteer at Rachel's Women's Center for the homeless.\n\n", "Q382210": "Ulrich Thomsen (born 6 December 1963) is a Danish actor and filmmaker, known for his role of Kai Proctor in the Cinemax original series Banshee.\n\n", "Q368811": "Andrew Lindsay \"Drew\" Lewis Jr. (November 3, 1931 \u2013 February 10, 2016) was an American businessman and politician from the state of Pennsylvania. He was United States Secretary of Transportation in the first portion of the administration of U.S. President Ronald W. Reagan, and is best known for presiding over the firing of the striking U.S. air traffic controllers in 1981.", "Q252233": "The Strawberry Statement is a 1970 American drama film about the counterculture and student revolts of the 1960s, loosely based on the non-fiction book by James Simon Kunen (who has a cameo appearance in the film) about the Columbia University protests of 1968.", "Q177745": "Jos\u00e9 Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos, GCTE, GCL (March 23, 1867 in Ponte de Lima, Portugal \u2013 January 3, 1955 in Ponte de Lima) was a Portuguese general and politician.", "Q1305608": "Leslie Bricusse (born 29 January 1931) is an English composer, lyricist, and playwright, most prominently working in musicals and also cinema theme music.", "Q1491232": "Gail Robinson (7 August 1946 \u2013 19 October 2008) was an American operatic soprano who sang with many of the world's leading opera companies during the 1970s and 1980s. She spent most of her career singing lyric coloratura roles at the Metropolitan Opera. After her performance career ended she taught singing to young artists and also directed the Metropolitan Opera's Young Artist Program for over ten years. Upon leaving the Met, she joined the voice faculty at the University of Kentucky.", "Q1123105": "Issa Bagayogo (1961 \u2013 10 October 2016) was a Malian musician. He released four full-length albums all under the record label Six Degrees Records. Bagayogo lent his voice and played the kamele n'goni (a six-stringed West African instrument similar to a banjo) while Yves Wernert was the producer and keyboardist. Bagayogo died after a long illness on 10 October 2016.", "Q1622732": "Gianni Vito Russo (born December 12, 1943) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for his role as Carlo Rizzi in the 1972 film The Godfather.", "Q89461": "Hans Karl Breslauer, born Johann Karl Breslauer, later often known as H. K. Breslauer (2 June 1888 \u2013 15 April 1965), was an early Austrian film director, also an actor, screenwriter and author.\n\n", "Q264959": "Leonid Vladimirovich Kharitonov (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432; 1930\u20131987) was a Soviet actor. He played in the films Private Ivan, Ivan Brovkin on the State Farm and Ulitsa polna neozhidannostey. He was awarded Honoured Artist of the RSFSR in 1972.", "Q1452279": "Frederick Irwin \"Fred\" Dretske (; December 9, 1932 \u2013 July 24, 2013) was an American philosopher noted for his contributions to epistemology and the philosophy of mind.", "Q274592": "India (born May 17, 1977) is a pornographic actress, singer and rapper.\nShe began working as an adult actress in around 1998 and has since appeared in over 200 videos. For five years she was an exclusive contract girl for the production company Video Team, and she has an exclusive sex toy line, manufactured by California Exotic Novelties.India owns the record company Black Widow Entertainment, and in 2006 she released her debut solo album Role Play. She had previously been a member of several girl groups; her first album, Hi Naturally, was released in 1994 when she was in the group Harmony Innocents. In July 2002 she was profiled on VH1's All Access hip-hop/porn special. In 2004 her vocals featured in the movie Walking Tall, starring Dwayne Johnson.", "Q1727138": "Los Angeles City College (LACC) is a public community college in East Hollywood, Los Angeles. A part of the Los Angeles Community College District, it is located on Vermont Avenue south of Santa Monica Boulevard on the former campus of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). From 1947 to 1955, the college shared its campus with California State University, Los Angeles (Cal State LA), then known as Los Angeles State College of Applied Arts and Sciences (LASCAAS), before the university moved to its present campus of 175 acres (71 ha) in the northeastern section of the City of Los Angeles, 5 miles (8 km) east of the Civic Center.", "Q1343885": "Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) (in English: Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education), also known as Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, is a secular and coeducational multi-campus private university based in Monterrey, Mexico. ITESM has since grown to include 36 campuses throughout the country, quickly becoming one of the best universities in Latin America.ITESM was the first university to be connected to the Internet in Latin America and the Spanish-speaking world, having the top-ranked business school in the region according to the Economist and being one of the leaders in patent applications among Mexican universities. The medical school offers the only MD-PhD program available in Mexico, in partnership with the Houston Methodist Hospital.", "Q233801": "Deborah Kara Unger (born May 12, 1966) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her roles in the films Highlander III: The Sorcerer (1994), Crash (1996), The Game (1997), Payback (1999), The Hurricane (1999), White Noise (2005), Silent Hill (2006), 88 Minutes (2008) and The Way (2010).", "Q862250": "William Kreutzmann Jr. ( KROYTS-mahn; born May 7, 1946) is an American drummer. He played with the Grateful Dead for its entire thirty-year career, usually alongside fellow drummer Mickey Hart, and has continued to perform with former members of the Grateful Dead in various lineups, and with his own bands BK3, 7 Walkers and Billy & the Kids.", "Q1662316": "Mitchell Ryan (born January 11, 1934) is an American former film, television, and stage actor, who in his six decades of television is known for playing Burke Devlin in the 1960s gothic soap opera Dark Shadows, and later for his co-starring role as Thomas Gibson's father Edward Montgomery on Dharma & Greg. He also played the villainous General Peter McAllister in the 1987 buddy cop action film Lethal Weapon.", "Q4056436": "The term bard (Russian: \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0434, romanized: bard) came to be used in the Soviet Union in the early 1960s, and continues to be used in Russia today, to refer to singer-songwriters who wrote songs outside the Soviet establishment, similarly to folk singers of the American folk music revival. Because in bard music songwriters perform their own songs, the genre is also commonly referred to as author song (\"\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f\" avtorskaya pesnya). Bard poetry differs from other poetry mainly in being sung with simple guitar accompaniment as opposed to being spoken. Another difference is that it focuses less on style and more on meaning. This means that fewer stylistic devices are used, and the poetry is often in the form of a narrative. What separates bard poetry from other songs is that the music is far less important than the lyrics; chord progressions are often very simple and tend to repeat from one bard song to another. A far more obvious difference is the commerce-free nature of the genre; songs are written to be sung and not to be sold, as the bards are often working professionals in a non-musical occupation.\nStylistically, the precursors to bard songs were Russian \"city romances\", also known as urban romances, which touched upon common life and were popular throughout all layers of Russian society in the late 19th to early 20th centuries. These romances were traditionally written in a minor key and performed with a guitar accompaniment.\nBard poetry may be roughly classified into two main genres: tourist song and political song, although some other subgenres are also recognized, such as outlaw song and pirate song.\nInitially the term \"bard\" was used by fans of the tourist song genre, and outside those circles, the term was often perceived as slightly derisive. However, there was a need for a term to distinguish this style of song from the traditional mainstream pop song, and the term eventually stuck.\nMany bards performed their songs for small groups of people using a Russian guitar, and rarely, if ever, would they be accompanied by other musicians or singers. Those who became popular were eventually able to hold modest concerts. Bards were rarely permitted to record their music, given the political nature of many of their songs. As a result, bard tunes usually made their way around via the copying of amateur recordings (known as magnitizdat) made at concerts, particularly those songs that were of a political nature.\n\n", "Q380407": "Nikolai Vladimirovich Fomenko (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, born 30 April 1962) is a Russian musician, comic actor, motor racer, former president of Marussia Motors and former engineering director of Marussia F1.\n\n", "Q1351259": "Mark Allen Mothersbaugh (; born May 18, 1950) is an American singer, songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, author and visual artist.\nMothersbaugh came to prominence in the late 1970s as co-founder, lead singer, keyboardist of the new wave band Devo, whose \"Whip It\" was a Top 20 single in the US in 1980 and which has since maintained a cult following. Mothersbaugh is one of the main composers of Devo's music.\nIn addition to his work with Devo, Mothersbaugh has made music for television series, films and video games via his production company, Mutato Muzika. Most notably, he composed the music for the 13-year-run of the animated series Rugrats and its three related theatrical films. As a solo musician, he has released four studio albums: Muzik for Insomniaks, Muzik for the Gallery, Joyeux Mutato and The Most Powerful Healing Muzik in the Entire World. \nIn 2004, he received the Richard Kirk award at the BMI Film and TV Awards for his contributions to film and television music. In 2008, Mothersbaugh received an honorary doctorate of humane letters from Kent State University, his alma mater.His lifelong interest in creating multimedia art pieces has resulted in gallery exhibitions of items such as his \"Beautiful Mutants\" photograph series, postcard diaries, art rugs, sculptures and musical instruments created from salvaged organ pipes and bird vocalizations. He has married twice and is the father of two adopted children.", "Q49123": "Harvard College is the undergraduate college of Harvard University, an Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636, Harvard College is the original school of Harvard University, which is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and one of the most prestigious in the world.Part of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard College is Harvard University's traditional undergraduate program, offering AB and SB degrees. It is highly selective, with fewer than five percent of applicants being offered admission in recent years. Harvard College students participate in more than 450 extracurricular organizations and nearly all live on campus\u2014first-year students in or near Harvard Yard, and upperclassmen in community-oriented \"houses.\"\nThe college has produced many distinguished alumni including high-ranking politicians, renowned scholars, and business leaders.", "Q46210": "The University of Milan (Italian: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Latin: Universitas Studiorum Mediolanensis), or University of Studies of Milan, known colloquially as UniMi or Statale, is a higher education institution in Milan, Italy. It is one of the largest universities in Europe, with about 60,000 students, and a permanent teaching and research staff of about 2,000.The University of Milan has ten schools and offers 140 undergraduate and graduate degree programmes, 32 Doctoral Schools and 65+ Specialization Schools. The University's research and teaching activities have developed over the years and have received important international recognitions.\nThe University is the only Italian member of the League of European Research Universities (LERU), a group of twenty-one research-intensive European Universities. It consistently ranks one of the best universities of Italy, both overall and in specific subject areas.\nOne Nobel laureate in physics, Riccardo Giacconi, as well as one Fields medalist, Enrico Bombieri, studied at the University.", "Q95048": "Timothy Francis Robbins (born October 16, 1958) is an American actor, screenwriter, director, producer, and musician. He is perhaps best known for his portrayal of Andy Dufresne in the popular prison drama film The Shawshank Redemption (1994).\nHis other roles include starring as Norville Barnes in The Hudsucker Proxy (1994), Nuke LaLoosh in Bull Durham (1988), Jacob Singer in Jacob's Ladder (1990), Griffin Mill in The Player (1992), and Dave Boyle in Mystic River (2003), for which he won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He also directed the films Bob Roberts (1992) and Dead Man Walking (1995), both of which were well received. He received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director for Dead Man Walking.\nFor television, he played Secretary of State Walter Larson in the HBO comedy The Brink (2015), and in Here and Now (2018) portrayed Greg Boatwright.", "Q304707": "Mehdi Nebbou (born 10 January 1974) is a film actor born in France.", "Q217009": "The Socialist Revolutionary Party, or Party of Socialists-Revolutionaries (the SRs or Esers; Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432-\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 (\u041f\u0421\u0420), \u044d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u044b, esery) was a major political party in early 20th century Imperial Russia.\nA key player in the Russian Revolution, the SRs' general ideology was revolutionary socialism of democratic socialist and agrarian socialist forms. After the February Revolution, it shared power with social democratic, liberal, and other democratic socialist forces within the Russian Provisional Government. Following the October Revolution, in November 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary Party won a plurality of the national vote in Russia's first-ever democratic elections (to the Russian Constituent Assembly), however the results were nullified because the Bolsheviks had conducted a coup against the provisional government in October 1917. The Bolsheviks disbanded the Constituent Assembly in January 1918.", "Q77973": "Christine Bergmann (born 7 September 1939) is a German politician (SPD).\nShe grew up in East Germany, embarking on a public political career only at the time of German reunification. During the final months of the German Democratic Republic she served as president of the East Berlin City Council. Moving from city politics to national politics, between 1998 and 2002 she served under Chancellor Gerhard Schr\u00f6der as Minister for Family, Senior Citizens, Women, and Youth. More recently, in 2016 she was appointed a member of the Independent Commission for Dealing with Sexual Abuse of Children (\"Unabh\u00e4ngige Kommission zur Aufarbeitung sexuellen Kindesmissbrauchs\"), having served as the full-time commissioner during 2010/2011.", "Q69595": "Rheineck is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q333815": "Sir Daniel Gooch, 1st Baronet (24 August 1816 \u2013 15 October 1889) was an English railway locomotive and transatlantic cable engineer and Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1865 to 1885. He was the first Superintendent of Locomotive Engines on the Great Western Railway from 1837 to 1864 and its chairman from 1865 to 1889.", "Q635739": "Herbert Greenhough Smith (1855 \u2013 14 January 1935) was the first editor of The Strand Magazine which published many of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories. His active support and encouragement to Conan Doyle, and the magazine's vigorous promotion of the Sherlock Holmes character, had much to do with the character's success.\n\n", "Q36091": "Minneapolis ( (listen)) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States. As of 2018, Minneapolis has an estimated population of 425,403, making it the 46th-largest city in the United States. Minneapolis and its neighbor Saint Paul make up Twin Cities, with Minneapolis being the larger of the two. The Twin Cities metro and their surrounding suburbs contain about 3.63 million people, making it the third-largest economic and population center in the Midwest. Minneapolis is the county seat of Hennepin County.Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. Minneapolis is home to five Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities are the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States.\nMinneapolis has one of the largest LGBT populations in the U.S. Noted for its strong music and performing arts scenes, Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning Guthrie Theater and the historic First Avenue nightclub. Reflecting the region's status as a center of folk, funk, and alternative rock music, the city served as the launching pad for several of the 20th century's most influential musicians, including Bob Dylan and Prince. Minneapolis has also become noted for its underground and independent hip-hop and rap scenes, producing artists such as Lizzo, Brother Ali, Atmosphere, and Dessa.", "Q374586": "Nestor Serrano (born 1955/1956) is an American film and television actor. He is known for playing Islamic terrorist Navi Araz in Day 4 of 24. He also appeared as Emilio Loera in the 4th season of the Cinemax series Banshee.", "Q40107": "Omar Ali Saifuddin II (3 February 1799 \u2013 20 November 1852) was the 23rd Sultan of Brunei, then known as the Bruneian Empire. During his reign, Western powers such as Great Britain and the United States visited the country. His reign saw the British intervention in Brunei led by James Brooke who started to destabilize Brunei's sovereignty over Sarawak.", "Q54172": "Watertown is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, and is part of Greater Boston. The population was 31,915 in the 2010 census. Its neighborhoods include Bemis, Coolidge Square, East Watertown, Watertown Square, and the West End. It is one of thirteen Massachusetts municipalities that retain the title of \"town\" while functioning under state law as cities.Watertown was one of the first Massachusetts Bay Colony settlements organized by English Puritans in 1630. The city is home to the Perkins School for the Blind, the Armenian Library and Museum of America, and the historic Watertown Arsenal, which produced military armaments from 1816 through World War II.", "Q3343742": "Norman (Norm) Ralph Augustine (born July 27, 1935) is a U.S. aerospace businessman who served as United States Under Secretary of the Army from 1975 to 1977. Augustine served as chairman and CEO of the Lockheed Martin Corporation. He was chairman of the Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee.", "Q309545": "Judgment at Nuremberg is a 1961 American courtroom drama film directed by Stanley Kramer, written by Abby Mann and starring Spencer Tracy, Burt Lancaster, Richard Widmark, Maximilian Schell, Werner Klemperer, Marlene Dietrich, Judy Garland, William Shatner, and Montgomery Clift. Set in Nuremberg in 1948, the film depicts a fictionalized version of the Judges' Trial of 1947, one of the twelve U.S. military tribunals during the Subsequent Nuremberg trials.\nThe film centers on a military tribunal led by Chief Trial Judge Dan Haywood (Tracy), before which four German judges and prosecutors (as compared to 16 defendants in the actual Judges' Trial) stand accused of crimes against humanity for their involvement in atrocities committed under the Nazi regime. The film deals with non-combatant war crimes against a civilian population, the Holocaust, and examines the post-World War II geopolitical complexity of the actual Nuremberg Trials. \nAn earlier version of the story was broadcast as a television episode of Playhouse 90. Schell and Klemperer played the same roles in both productions.\nIn 2013, Judgment at Nuremberg was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q88019": "Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm Gro\u00dfmann (30 November 1746, Berlin; 20 May 1796, Hanover) was a German actor, writer, and stage director. He wrote the text of the famous operatic Schauspiel mit Gesang Adelheit von Veltheim, with music by Christian Gottlob Neefe (Frankfurt 1780).\nIn 1778, he became director of the Prince Elector Archbishop of Cologne court theatre in Bonn. In 1784, he set up a theatre company, with which he toured several places in Germany and finally stayed in Hanover.", "Q437182": "Mar\u00eda Asunci\u00f3n Rod\u00e9s Serna (16 September 1957), better known as Assumpta Serna, is a Spanish actress and author. Born in Barcelona, Serna has performed in 20 countries in six languages and is the recipient of more than 20 international awards.", "Q280413": "The French National Centre for Scientific Research (French: Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe.In 2016, it employed 31,637 staff, including 11,137 tenured researchers, 13,415 engineers and technical staff, and 7,085 contractual workers. It is headquartered in Paris and has administrative offices in Brussels, Beijing, Tokyo, Singapore, Washington, D.C., Bonn, Moscow, Tunis, Johannesburg, Santiago de Chile, Israel, and New Delhi.CNRS was ranked #3 in 2015 and #4 in 2017 by the Nature Index, which measures the largest contributors to papers published in 82 leading journals.\n\n", "Q91548": "Peter Fritz Willi Lustig (27 October 1937 \u2013 23 February 2016) was a German television presenter and author of children's books who has become especially well known as leading actor in the weekly children's television show L\u00f6wenzahn (which he hosted from 1979 up until 2006; during its first year the show was still called Pusteblume). He also appeared on the shows Mittendrin (1987\u201395) and Gordos Reise ans Ende der Welt (2007).Lustig originally qualified as a broadcast engineer and an electronics engineer before becoming a television host and actor. Working for American Forces Network as a radio engineer in 1963, he was responsible for the recording of US President John F. Kennedy's speech Ich bin ein Berliner held in Berlin. He often ended an episode of the show L\u00f6wenzahn (where he explained various phenomena of science and nature to children) with a proposal to turn off the TV now with his famous hand turning gesture, as if he was turning off an old TV. His show persona always wore characteristic blue dungarees and lived in a wooden building site cabin in fictitious B\u00e4rstadt (\"Beartown\").\nSince the 1980s Lustig was a follower of Osho.\nLustig's books include the science comic Wie funktioniert ein Auto? (\"How does a car work?\") (1983) on the working principles of automobiles, the two-volume handicraft book Peter Lustigs Bastelbuch (\"Peter Lustig's Book of Handicraft\") (1985 and 1987), and the children's cookbook Kochbuch f\u00fcr kleine Feinschmecker (\"Cookbook for little gourmets\") (1992). He also authored Vertonen: Der Ton zu den Bildern (\"Set to music: The Soundtrack to the Images\") (1987), a book on post-recording of soundtracks for films and slideshows, and Lieber Momme: Wunderliche Briefe (\"Beloved Momme: Strange Letters\") (1989), a book made up of letters he wrote to his young son from hospital, where Peter Lustig stayed many times throughout the 1980s due to lung cancer surgery.\nLustig's second wife, British-Austrian children's author and fellow follower of Osho Elfie Donnelly, published the book Peters Flucht (\"Peter's escape\") (1986) about the 8-year-old Lustig's escape with his family from the city of Breslau (modern-day Wroc\u0142aw) in 1945.\nHe died on 23 February 2016 at the age of 78 at his home in Bohmstedt near Husum surrounded by his family. He is survived by four children and nine grandchildren.", "Q89307": "Samuel Rodigast (19 October 1649 \u2013 19 March 1708) was a German teacher and hymnwriter. He is remembered as the author of the hymn \"Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan\".", "Q587655": "Charles Lee Benante (born November 27, 1962, in The Bronx, New York) is an American musician best known as the drummer for thrash metal band Anthrax, as well as crossover thrash band Stormtroopers of Death. Alongside rhythm guitarist and band leader Scott Ian he has composed the majority of the music throughout Anthrax's discography.", "Q178310": "Petergof (Russian: \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0444) or Peterhof (an emulation of early modern Dutch \"Piterhof\", meaning \"Peter's Court\"), known as Petrodvorets (\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446) from 1944 to 1997, is a municipal town in Petrodvortsovy District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, located on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland.\nThe town hosts one of two campuses of Saint Petersburg State University and the Petrodvorets Watch Factory, one of the leading Russian watch manufactures. A series of palaces and gardens, laid out on the orders of Peter the Great and sometimes called the \"Russian Versailles,\" is also situated there. The palace-ensemble along with the city center is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "Q661368": "Stanimir Yankov Ilchev (Bulgarian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u042f\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0418\u043b\u0447\u0435\u0432) (born 31 July 1953 in Burgas) is a Bulgarian politician and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP). He is a member of the National Movement Simeon II, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. After two years as observer, he became a Member of the European Parliament on 1 January 2007 with the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union.", "Q1270283": "Norman Milton Lear (born July 27, 1922) is an American television writer and producer who produced many 1970s sitcoms such as All in the Family, Sanford and Son, One Day at a Time, The Jeffersons, Good Times, and Maude. As a political activist, he founded the advocacy organization People for the American Way in 1981 and has supported First Amendment rights and progressive causes.", "Q1399435": "Alexander Brandon (also known as Siren in the demoscene and tracker community, born September 24, 1974) is an American musician, former member of Straylight Productions, who composed music mostly for games produced by Epic Games, or games based on Epic technology, including Unreal, Unreal Tournament, Deus Ex, Tyrian, Jazz Jackrabbit 2 and the cancelled game Jazz Jackrabbit 3D. Brandon is also a voice actor, having been cast most recently for the parts of Ancano and Amaund Motierre in the Role Playing Game The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim by Bethesda Game Studios.\nBrandon started composing music at the age of 14 when he got an Ad Lib music synthesizer card for Christmas. He worked in several MOD music groups over his composing years in the late 1990s, including the Kosmic Free Music Foundation. During that time he also composed for several musicdisks such as Return to Stage 9.\nBrandon has built several audio departments, starting with Ion Storm Austin in mid-2000. This was followed with an audio director position at Midway Home Entertainment in San Diego until 2007 when he started the audio department at Obsidian Entertainment. In February 2009 he built the audio department at Heatwave Interactive, also providing business development and overall media management. In April 2010 Alex launched Funky Rustic, an independent audio production studio, working out of Georgetown, Texas.", "Q427385": "Waidhofen an der Ybbs (German: [va\u026at\u02c8ho\u02d0fn\u0329 an de\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u02c8\u026aps]; Central Bavarian: Waidhofn aun da Ybbs) is an independent city (Statutarstadt) in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. The city had a population of 11,662 (in 131,52 km\u00b2) as of the 2001 census. It was first mentioned in 1186 and has been the economic centre of the Ybbstal valley since the 14th century.", "Q12133": "Hearing loss, also known as hearing impairment, is a partial or total inability to hear. A deaf person has little to no hearing. Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears. In children, hearing problems can affect the ability to learn spoken language and in adults it can create difficulties with social interaction and at work. In some people, particularly older people, hearing loss can result in loneliness. Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent.\nHearing loss may be caused by a number of factors, including: genetics, ageing, exposure to noise, some infections, birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins. A common condition that results in hearing loss is chronic ear infections. Certain infections during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus, syphilis and rubella, may also cause hearing loss in the child. Hearing loss is diagnosed when hearing testing finds that a person is unable to hear 25 decibels in at least one ear. Testing for poor hearing is recommended for all newborns. Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40 dB), moderate (41 to 55 dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70 dB), severe (71 to 90 dB), or profound (greater than 90 dB). There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures. Such practices include immunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications. The World Health Organization recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of personal audio players to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise. Early identification and support are particularly important in children. For many hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants and subtitles are useful. Lip reading is another useful skill some develop. Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree. It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people. Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income countries. Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million. Those who use sign language and are members of Deaf culture see themselves as having a difference rather than an illness. Most members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture. The term \"hearing impairment\" is often viewed negatively as it emphasizes what people cannot do.", "Q81997": "Boulogne-sur-Mer (French: [bul\u0254\u0272 sy\u0281 m\u025b\u0281] (listen); Picard: Boulonne-su-M\u00e9r; Dutch: Bonen; Latin: Gesoriacum or Bononia), often called just Boulogne (UK: , US: ), is a coastal city in Northern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department of Pas-de-Calais. Boulogne lies on the C\u00f4te d'Opale, a touristic stretch of French coast on the English Channel between Calais and Normandy, and the most visited location in the region after Lille conurbation. Boulogne is its department's second-largest city after Calais, and the 163rd-largest in France. It is also the country's largest fishing port, specialising in herring.Boulogne is an ancient town, and was the major Roman port for trade and communication with its Province of Britain. After a period of Germanic presence following the collapse of the Empire, Boulogne was at the centre of the County of Boulogne of the Kingdom of France during the Middle Ages, and was occupied by the Kingdom of England numerous times due to conflict between the two nations. In 1805 it was a staging area for Napoleon's troops for several months during his planned invasion of the United Kingdom.\nThe city's 12th-century belfry is recognised by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, while another popular attraction is the marine conservation centre Nausicaa.", "Q106816": "\u00c0lex Brendem\u00fchl Gubern (born 27 November 1972) is a Spanish-German actor. Born in Barcelona to a Spanish mother and a German father, he has appeared in more than 60 films and television shows since 1995. Brendem\u00fchl played the lead role of the Nazi war criminal Josef Mengele in the 2013 film The German Doctor.", "Q327874": "The Pedestrian (German: Der Fu\u00dfg\u00e4nger) is a 1973 film directed by Maximilian Schell. It is about the trial of an elderly war criminal. The film was a co-production between companies in Germany, Switzerland and Israel.", "Q151796": "Tzipi (Tziporah) Malka Livni (Hebrew: \u05e6\u05d9\u05e4\u05d9 (\u05e6\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4) \u05de\u05dc\u05db\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9; pronounced [tsipo\u02c8\u0281a mal\u02c8ka \"tsipi\" livni] born 8 July 1958) is an Israeli politician, diplomat, and lawyer. A former member of the Knesset and leader in the center-left political camp, Livni is a former Foreign Minister of Israel, Vice Prime Minister, Minister of Justice, and Leader of the Opposition. She is known for her efforts to resolve the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict.\nWidely considered the most powerful woman in Israel since Golda Meir, Livni has served in eight different cabinet positions throughout her career, setting the record for most government roles held by an Israeli woman. Consequently, she has achieved a number of milestones in Israeli government, as the first female Vice Prime Minister, Justice Minister, Agriculture Minister, and Housing Minister.\nIn 2011, she was named one of \"150 Women Who Shake the World\" by Newsweek and The Daily Beast. From 2006 to 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Livni on its List of 100 Most Powerful Women three years in row, while Time included her in its 2007 \"Time 100,\" for which U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice penned an op-ed. In Israel, Livni has earned a reputation as an honest politician who sticks to her principles.Born to a prominent right-wing, revisionist Zionist family, Livni has become one of Israel's leading voices in support of a two-state solution\u2014one that ensures Israel's security and identity as a Jewish and democratic state.From 2001 to 2009, Livni served in the cabinets of Ariel Sharon and Ehud Olmert, most notably as Israel's Foreign Minister, during which time she led multiple rounds of peace talks with the Palestinians. In September 2008, Livni prepared to take office as Prime Minister of Israel, but the political climate in the country prevented her from forming a government. The following year, she led her party to win a plurality of seats in the Knesset, but was again blocked from becoming prime minister, due to the rightist parties' majority in the Knesset. Consequently, she served as Leader of the Opposition from 2009, until her resignation from the Knesset in 2012.Later that year, Livni founded a new party, Hatnuah, to compete in the 2013 elections, after which she was appointed Justice Minister in the Thirty-third government of Israel, again leading a new round of Israeli\u2013Palestinian peace talks. In December 2014, a number of policy disputes within the government led Benjamin Netanyahu to dismiss Livni from his cabinet and call new elections. In the 2015 election, Livni joined forces with Labor Party leader Isaac Herzog to create the Zionist Union, a unified bloc of their two parties. In January 2019 Avi Gabay announced that Labor would not run with Hatnuah in the April 2019 Israeli legislative election. On 18 February 2019, following several weeks of poor poll results, Livni announced her retirement from politics as well as Hatnuah's withdrawal from the election.", "Q1077554": "Christopher Vincent Metzen (born November 22, 1973) a.k.a \"Thundergod\" is an American game designer, artist, voice actor, and author known for his work creating the fictional universes and scripts for Blizzard Entertainment's three major award-winning media franchises: Warcraft, Diablo and StarCraft. On occasion, Metzen has published his art under the alias \"Thundergod\". Metzen was hired by Blizzard Entertainment as an animator and an artist; his first work for the company was with the video game Justice League Task Force.Metzen was the Senior Vice President of Story and Franchise Development at Blizzard Entertainment and assisted the company's projects by providing voice talent for a number of characters, as well as contributing to artistic character design. Outside Blizzard Entertainment, Metzen authored a graphic novel series based on a futuristic second American civil war. Metzen retired in September 2016 to spend more time with his family.\nIn his most recent work, Metzen co-authored graphic novels, Transformers: Autocracy and Transformers Monstrosity with author Flint Dille and artist Livio Ramondelli.", "Q350424": "Alessandro Antine Nivola (born June 28, 1972) is an American actor and producer. He has been nominated for many awards including a Tony Award, a Critics Choice Award, and an Independent Spirit Award and has won a Screen Actors Guild Award, a British Independent Film Award (BIFA), and the Best Actor Award at the 2017 Tribeca Film Festival among others.\nHe has starred in Hollywood blockbusters such as Face/Off, Jurassic Park III and the upcoming Sopranos feature film prequel The Many Saints of Newark, as well as in critically acclaimed independent films, among them Disobedience, A Most Violent Year, Junebug and Laurel Canyon. He has also starred three times on Broadway, most recently opposite Bradley Cooper in the 2014 revival of The Elephant Man which earned him a Tony Award nomination.\nAs a producer he runs King Bee Productions which made two seasons of the HBO comedy Doll & Em and the Independent Spirit Award nominated feature film To Dust.\nHe is married to actress and director Emily Mortimer and they have two children together, Sam and May.", "Q63912": "Glarus (German: [\u02c8\u0261la\u02d0r\u028as] (listen); Alemannic German: Glaris; French: Glaris; Italian: Glarona; Romansh: Glaruna) is the capital of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2011, the municipality Glarus incorporates the former municipalities of Ennenda, Netstal and Riedern.Glarus lies on the river Linth between the foot of the Gl\u00e4rnisch (part of the Schwyzer Alps) to the west and the Schilt (Glarus Alps) to the east. Very few buildings built before the fire of 1861 remain. Wood, textile, and plastics, as well as printing, are the dominant industries. The symbol of the city is the neo-romanesque city church.\nThe official language of Glarus is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local Alemannic Swiss German dialect. An 1875 study of the Glarus dialect by Jost Winteler was very influential in the history of dialectology.\n\n", "Q666413": "The Vanil Carr\u00e9 (or Pra de Cray) is a mountain in the western Bernese Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Fribourg and Vaud. It lies on the massif separating the valleys of Gruy\u00e8re and Pays d'Enhaut, which culminates at the Vanil Noir.", "Q926412": "Marcus Coloma (born October 18, 1978) is an American actor of Italian and Hawaiian descent. He has appeared in multiple TV series and the Hilary Duff film Material Girls.", "Q34692": "Kingston is the capital and largest city of Jamaica, located on the southeastern coast of the island. It faces a natural harbour protected by the Palisadoes, a long sand spit which connects the town of Port Royal and the Norman Manley International Airport to the rest of the island. In the Americas, Kingston is the largest predominantly English-speaking city south of the United States.\nThe local government bodies of the parishes of Kingston and St. Andrew were amalgamated by the Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation Act of 1923, to form the Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation (KSAC). Greater Kingston, or the \"Corporate Area\" refers to those areas under the KSAC; however, it does not solely refer to Kingston Parish, which only consists of the old downtown and Port Royal. Kingston Parish had a population of 96,052, and St. Andrew Parish had a population of 555,828 in 2001. Kingston is only bordered by Saint Andrew to the east, west and north. The geographical border for the parish of Kingston encompasses the following communities: Tivoli Gardens, Denham Town, Rae Town, Kingston Gardens, National Heroes Park, Bournemouth Gardens, Norman Gardens, Rennock Lodge, Springfield and Port Royal, along with portions of Rollington Town, Franklyn Town and Allman Town.The city proper is bounded by Six Miles to the west, Stony Hill to the north, Papine to the northeast and Harbour View to the east, which are communities in urban and suburban Saint Andrew. Communities in rural St. Andrew such as Gordon Town, Mavis Bank, Lawrence Tavern, Mt. Airy and Bull Bay would not be described as being in Kingston city.\nTwo districts make up the central area of Kingston: the historic Downtown, and New Kingston. Both are served by Norman Manley International Airport and also by the smaller and primarily domestic Tinson Pen Aerodrome.", "Q262482": "Karen Trust Grassle ( GRASS-LEE; born February 25, 1942) is an American actress, known for her role as Caroline Ingalls, the wife of Michael Landon's character and the mother of Melissa Sue Anderson\u2019s and Melissa Gilbert's characters, in the NBC television drama series Little House on the Prairie.", "Q329859": "David Lee Smith (born September 8, 1963) is an American actor, known for his role as John Oldman, the protagonist of the 2007 science fiction film, The Man from Earth and its 2018 sequel, The Man from Earth: Holocene; he co-starred with John Billingsley and Tony Todd. He has also appeared in other movies, including Fight Club, and dozens of television episodes, some as a recurring character such as IAB Sergeant Rick Stetler in CSI: Miami.", "Q2031051": "Perm State University (now Perm State National Research University; Russian: \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, romanised: Permskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, Permskiy gosudarstvennyy natsionalynyy issledovatelskyy universitet) or PSU, PSNRU, (Russian: \u041f\u0413\u0423, \u041f\u0413\u041d\u0418\u0423, romanised: PGU, PGNIU) is located in the city of Perm, Perm Krai, Russia. Founded in 1916, it claims to be one of the oldest universities in the Ural and eastern territories of Russia. Its current rector is Igor Makarikhin.", "Q587641": "Jamie Harris (born 15 May 1963) is a British actor. He is best known for his role as The Hook-Handed Man in Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, Rodney in Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Gordon in Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D..\n\n", "Q961981": "Julius Popper (December 15, 1857 \u2013 June 5, 1893), also known in Spanish as Julio Popper (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8xuljo po\u02c8pe\u027e]), was a Romanian-born Argentine mass murderer, engineer, adventurer and explorer. He was the designer of the modern outline of the city of Havana, Cuba.Known as a modern \"conquistador\" of Tierra del Fuego in southern South America, he was a controversial and influential figure. Popper was one of the perpetrators of the genocide against the native Selk'nam people.", "Q131062": "An urban planner or an urban planning engineer is a professional who practices in the field of urban planning. \nAn urban planner may focus on a specific area of practice and have a title such as city planner, town planner, regional planner, long-range planner, transportation planner, infrastructure planner, environmental planner, parks planner, physical planner, health planner, planning analyst, urban designer, community development director, economic development specialist or other similar combinations.\nAn international association of planning professionals - ISOCARP - was established in 1965 in the Netherlands and currently has about 700 members in more than 80 countries.", "Q203068": "James Alan Gardner (born January 10, 1955) is a Canadian science fiction author.\nRaised in Simcoe and Bradford, Ontario, he earned bachelor's and master's degrees in applied mathematics from the University of Waterloo.\nGardner has published science fiction short stories in a range of periodicals, including The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction and Amazing Stories. In 1989, his short story \"The Children of Creche\" was awarded the Grand Prize in the Writers of the Future contest. Two years later his story \"Muffin Explains Teleology to the World at Large\" won a Prix Aurora Award; another story, \"Three Hearings on the Existence of Snakes in the Human Bloodstream,\" won an Aurora and was nominated for both the Nebula and Hugo Awards.\nHe has written a number of novels in a \"League of Peoples\" universe in which murderers are defined as \"dangerous non-sentients\" and are killed if they try to leave their solar system by aliens who are so advanced that they think of humans like humans think of bacteria. This precludes the possibility of interstellar wars.\nHe has also explored themes of gender in his novels, including Commitment Hour in which people change sex every year, and Vigilant in which group marriages are traditional.\nGardner is also an educator and technical writer. His book Learning UNIX is used as a textbook in some Canadian universities.\nHe lives in Waterloo, Ontario.", "Q2656291": "Gunnhildr Sveinsd\u00f3ttir or Gunnhildr Haraldsd\u00f3ttir, Guda or Gyda (traditionally died in Gudhem, V\u00e4sterg\u00f6tland, Sweden, c. 1060) was, according to the traditional view, a queen consort of King Anund Jacob of Sweden and of king Sveinn II of Denmark. However, the sources are so vague that several modern historians maintain that there were actually two queens of that name, of Sweden and Denmark respectively.\nShe is sometimes called Gude or Gyridje, but this is probably because of confusion with her daughter, Gyda, who is also known under her mother's name Gunnhildr.", "Q125017": "Uma Karuna Thurman (born April 29, 1970) is an American actress and model. She has performed in a variety of films, ranging from romantic comedies and dramas to science fiction and action movies. Following her appearances on the December 1985 and May 1986 covers of British Vogue, Thurman starred in Dangerous Liaisons (1988). She rose to international prominence with her performance in Quentin Tarantino's 1994 film Pulp Fiction, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award, the BAFTA Award, and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. Often hailed as Tarantino's muse, she reunited with the director to play the main role in Kill Bill: Volume 1 and 2 (2003, 2004), which brought her two additional Golden Globe Award nominations.Established as a leading Hollywood actress, her other notable films include Henry & June (1990), The Truth About Cats & Dogs (1996), Batman & Robin (1997), Gattaca (1997), Les Mis\u00e9rables (1998), The Producers (2005), My Super Ex-Girlfriend (2006), and Lars von Trier's Nymphomaniac (2013) and The House That Jack Built (2018). In 2011, Thurman was a member of the jury for the main competition at the 64th Cannes Film Festival, and in 2017, she was named president of the 70th edition's \"Un Certain Regard\" jury. Thurman made her Broadway debut in The Parisian Woman (2017\u20132018).\nFor her performance in the made-for-HBO film Hysterical Blindness (2002), Thurman won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Television Film, and for her five-episode role in the NBC musical series Smash (2012), she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series. Thurman has starred in the miniseries The Slap (2015) and the series Imposters (2017\u20132018).", "Q163042": "David Ernest Duke (born July 1, 1950) is an American white supremacist, far-right politician, convicted felon, and former Grand Wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. He has advocated Neo-Nazi and anti-Semitic conspiracy theories like Holocaust denial and Jewish control of academia, the press, and the financial system. The Anti-Defamation League has described Duke as \"perhaps America\u2019s most well-known racist and anti-Semite\".A former Republican Louisiana State Representative, Duke was a candidate in the Democratic presidential primaries in 1988 and the Republican presidential primaries in 1992. Duke also ran unsuccessfully for the Louisiana State Senate, United States Senate, United States House of Representatives, and for Governor of Louisiana.\nDuring the 1990s Duke defrauded his political supporters by pretending to be in dire financial straits, and asking them for money to help him pay for basic necessities. At the time, Duke was financially secure, and he used the money for personal investments and recreational gambling. In 2002 Duke pleaded guilty to felony fraud and subsequently served a 15-month sentence at Federal Correctional Institution, Big Spring in Texas.Duke speaks against what he alleges as Jewish control of the Federal Reserve Bank, the U.S. federal government, and the media. Duke supports the preservation of what he considers to be Western culture and traditionalist Christian family values, as well as voluntary racial segregation, anti-communism, white separatism, and the abolition of the Internal Revenue Service.", "Q82246": "Katja Schuurman (born 19 February 1975) is a Dutch actress, singer and television personality.", "Q313509": "Bernard-Henri L\u00e9vy (; French: [b\u025b\u0281na\u0281 \u0251\u0303\u0281i levi]; born 5 November 1948) is a French public intellectual. Often referred to in France simply as BHL,\nhe was one of the leaders of the \"Nouveaux Philosophes\" (New Philosophers) movement in 1976. In 2015, The Boston Globe has said that he is \"perhaps the most prominent intellectual in France today\". His opinions, political activism and publications have also been the subject of several controversies over the years.", "Q7895753": "The University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts (LSA or LS&A) is the liberal arts and sciences school of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. Established in 1841 with seven students and two teachers, the college is currently the largest unit at U-M in terms of student enrollment. It is located on the university's Central Campus, which it shares with the Ross School of Business, the School of Information, the Law School, and other colleges. It is also home to the University of Michigan Honors Program. In March 2013 Helen Zell gave $50 million to LS&A, the largest gift in LS&A history, to support scholarships and stipends for Master's students in creative writing.", "Q85529": "Alois Riedler (May 15, 1850 - October 25, 1936) was a noted Austrian mechanical engineer, and, as professor in Germany, a vigorous proponent of practically-oriented engineering education.Riedler was born in Graz, Austria, and studied mechanical engineering at the Technische Hochschule (TH) Graz from 1866-1871. After graduation he took on a succession of academic appointments. He first became an assistant at the TH Br\u00fcnn (1871-1873); then in 1873 moved to the TH Vienna, first as an assistant, then from 1875 onwards as a designer of machines. From 1880 to 1883, Riedler worked as associate professor at the TH Munich. In 1883 he became full professor at the TH Aachen.In 1888 he joined the TH Berlin as Professor for Mechanical Engineering, where he remained until retirement in 1920. From 1899 to 1900, he was appointed the school's principal (rector) and led discussions on how to celebrate its 100th anniversary. As a result, Riedler and Adolf Slaby (1849\u20131913) convinced Kaiser Wilhelm II (1859\u20131941) to allow Prussian technical universities to award doctorates. Although the government did not immediately consent, this effort led eventually to the school's reconstitution as today's Technical University of Berlin.\nRiedler first received international recognition for his reports on the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition (1876) and Paris Exposition Universelle (1878). He was later widely known for his efficient, high-speed pumps widely adopted in waterworks and in draining mines. Riedler was also known for his 1896 book \"Das Maschinen-Zeichnen\", (Machine Drawing) which introduced modern technical drawing.Riedler was actively involved in the early development of internal combustion engines, both for gasoline and diesel fuel. In 1903 he established the Laboratory for Internal Combustion Engines at the TH Berlin, expanded in 1907 to include investigations of motor vehicles. As laboratory director, Riedler designed a pioneering roller test stand. He also received what was probably the first research contract to investigate fuels specifically for aircraft engines (particularly benzene).\nIn 1897 Riedler received the Grashof medal, the German Engineers' Association's highest honor. The Austrian Engineers' and Architects' Association appointed him honorary member in 1900 and awarded him their Gold Medal in 1931. In 1911 his alma mater TH Graz awarded him an honorary doctorate.", "Q77967": "Adolf Busemann (20 April 1901 \u2013 3 November 1986) was a German aerospace engineer and influential Nazi-era pioneer in aerodynamics, specialising in supersonic airflows. He introduced the concept of swept wings, and after immigrating in 1947 to the United States (see Operation Paperclip) invented the shockwave free Busemann's Biplane.", "Q352233": "Ian Andrew Ziering (; born March 30, 1964) is an American actor and voice actor best known for his role as Steve Sanders on the television series Beverly Hills, 90210, which he played from 1990 to 2000. He is also the voice of Vinnie on Biker Mice from Mars. From 2013 to 2018, he starred as Fin Shepard in the Sharknado film series. In 2019, he played the DC Comics character Blue Devil on the series Swamp Thing.", "Q488200": "Muhammed Fethullah G\u00fclen (born 27 April 1941) is a Turkish Islamic scholar, preacher, and a one-time opinion leader (as de facto leader of the G\u00fclen movement: an international, faith-based civil society organization once aligned with Turkey's government, but since then outlawed as an alleged \"armed terrorist group\"). G\u00fclen is designated an influential Ottomanist, Anatolian panethnicist, Islamic poet, writer, social critic, and activist\u2013dissident developing a Nursian theological perspective that embraces democratic modernity, as a citizen of Turkey (until his denaturalization by the government in 2017) he was a local state imam from 1959 to 1981. Over the years, G\u00fclen became a centrist political figure in Turkey prior his there being as a fugitive. Since 1999, G\u00fclen has lived in self-exile in the United States near Saylorsburg, Pennsylvania.G\u00fclen says his social criticisms are focused upon individuals' faith and morality and a lesser extent toward political ends and self describes as rejecting an Islamist political philosophy, his advocating instead for full participation within professions, society, and political life by religious and secular individuals who profess high moral or ethical principles and who wholly support secular rule, within Muslim-majority countries and elsewhere. G\u00fclen founded the G\u00fclen movement (known as the hizmet, meaning service in Turkish), which is a 3-to-6 million strong, volunteer-based movement in Turkey and around the world. (All Hizmet's schools, foundations and other entities in Turkey have been closed by the Turkish government following the 2016 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat attempt.) Along with the movement's participant's (G\u00fclenists') individual piety and/or ethical conduct, they promote education, civil society, and religious tolerance initiatives and establish social networks. These networks self-describe as originating spontaneously, their constituent local entities functioning independently from each other, existing, in the aggregate, as leaderless activist entities. \u201cI really don\u2019t know 0.1% of the people in this movement,\u201d G\u00fclen has said. \u201cI haven\u2019t done much. I have just spoken out on what I believe. Because it [G\u00fclen's teachings] made sense, people grasped it themselves.\" \"I opened one school to see if people liked it. So they created more schools.\"Inasmuch as the movement includes individuals with advanced theological training serving as \"imams\" and spiritual counselors on the macro level, with these individuals' identities remaining confidential (reflecting such positions' technical illegality in Turkey, under the formerly Kemalist laws there outlawing religious orders), some observers argue that the movement thus includes a clandestine aspect.Sharing Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan's ambition to empower religious individuals in civil life previously disenfranchised in secular Turkey, in 2003 a number of G\u00fclen movement participants pivoted from the Turkish political center to become the junior partner with the newly ruling Erdo\u011fan-led and center-right Justice and Development Party (AKP), providing the party political and sorely-needed administrative support. This political alliance worked together to weaken left-of-center Kemalist factions in the judiciary, military, and police. (See Ergenekon trials.) It internally fractured in 2011, which became common knowledge by the time of the corruption investigations of highly placed members of Turkey's ruling party in 2013. Turkish prosecutors accuse G\u00fclen of attempts to overthrow the government by allegedly directing politically motivated corruption investigations by G\u00fclen-linked investigators then in the judiciary, who illegally wiretapped the executive office of the Turkish president, and, with assistance perhaps from unnamed individuals in the American intelligence community, G\u00fclen's alleged instigations or fomentations toward the 2016 coup attempt by factions within Turkish armed forces indeed including G\u00fclenists. G\u00fclen says he did not personally influencing past prosecutions of Justice and Development Party members by judiciary prosecutors from assorted political factions and has said he has \"stood against all coups.\" A Turkish criminal court has issued an arrest warrant for G\u00fclen. Turkey is demanding the extradition of G\u00fclen from the United States. U.S. government officials do not believe he is associated with any terrorist activity, and have requested evidence to be provided by the Turkish Government to substantiate the allegations in the warrant requesting extradition, frequently rejecting Turkish calls for his extradition.In a February 2019 opinion piece, G\u00fclen said, \"[...I]n Turkey, a vast arrest campaign based on guilt by association is ongoing. The number of victims of this campaign of persecution keeps increasing[.... ...]Erdogan is draining the reputation that the Turkish Republic has gained in the international arena, pushing Turkey into the league of nations known for suffocating freedoms and jailing democratic dissenters. The ruling clique is exploiting diplomatic relations, mobilizing government personnel and resources to harass, haunt and abduct Hizmet movement volunteers all around the world.\" G\u00fclen is actively involved in the societal debate concerning the future of the Turkish state, and Islam in the modern world. He has been described in the English-language media as an imam \"who promotes a tolerant Islam which emphasises altruism, hard work and education\" and as \"one of the world's most important Muslim figures.\"G\u00fclen is wanted as a terrorist leader in Turkey and Pakistan, as well as by the governments of OIC and GCC.", "Q1349364": "Hugh Latimer Dryden (July 2, 1898 \u2013 December 2, 1965) was an American aeronautical scientist and civil servant. He served as NASA Deputy Administrator from August 19, 1958 until his death.\n\n", "Q706495": "Luis de Mil\u00e1n (also known as Llu\u00eds del Mil\u00e0 or Luys Mil\u00e1n) (c. 1500 \u2013 c. 1561) was a Spanish Renaissance composer, vihuelist, and writer on music. He was the first composer in history to publish music for the vihuela de mano, an instrument employed primarily in the Iberian peninsula and some of the Italian states during the 15th and 16th centuries, and he was also one of the first musicians to specify verbal tempo indications in his music.\n\nHe probably lived all his life in Valencia, though details are sketchy at best. He seems to have been employed by the ducal court until around 1538. In 1535 he published his first book, a parlor game with music called El juego de mandar. The next year he issued what would be his most important book.", "Q364781": "Barton Lee Hazlewood (July 9, 1929 \u2013 August 4, 2007) was an American country and pop singer, songwriter, and record producer, most widely known for his work with guitarist Duane Eddy during the late 1950s and singer Nancy Sinatra in the 1960s and 1970s.Hazlewood had a distinctive baritone voice that added a resonance to his music. His collaborations with Nancy Sinatra as well as his solo output in the late 1960s and early 1970s have been praised as an essential contribution to a sound often described as \"cowboy psychedelia\" or \"saccharine underground\".", "Q539811": "The Chorrillos Military School (Spanish: Escuela Militar de Chorrillos) is the institution in charge of the undergraduate education of officers of the Peruvian Army.\nThe school was opened in 1830 during the first government of Agust\u00edn Gamarra and was relocated to Chorrillos, Lima, Peru in 1888, hence its name.As of 2019, its director is Brigade General Carlos Rabanal Calderon.It was also the alma mater of Manuel Noriega (1962) and Hugo Ch\u00e1vez Fr\u00edas (1974).It contains the Escuela de Comandos (Commando School). In 1997, a replica of the Japanese Diplomatic Residency was secretly built there. Tunnels were dug and the rescue plan was practiced again and again until perfect for the Operation Chavin de Huantar that ended the Japanese embassy hostage crisis. As of 2008 it still exists and is considered a monument to those who took part in the rescue, and sometimes still used in training.", "Q2979657": "The Royal Conservatory of Music, branded as The Royal Conservatory, is a non-profit music education institution and performance venue headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1886 by Edward Fisher as The Toronto Conservatory of Music. In 1947, King George VI incorporated the organization through royal charter.\nIts Toronto home was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1995, in recognition of the institution's significant influence on music education in Canada.Tim Price is the current Chair of the Board, and Peter Simon is the President.", "Q199688": "The Almohad Caliphate (; from Arabic \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u0646 (al-Muwa\u1e25\u1e25id\u016bn, \"the monotheists\" or \"the unifiers\") was a North African Berber Muslim movement and empire founded in the 12th century.The Almohad movement was founded by Ibn Tumart among the Berber Masmuda tribes in the south of modern Morocco. Around 1120, the Almohads first established a Berber state in Tinmel in the Atlas Mountains. They succeeded in overthrowing the ruling Almoravid dynasty governing Morocco by 1147, when Abd al-Mu'min al-Gumi (r. 1130\u20131163) conquered Marrakesh and declared himself caliph. They then extended their power over all of the Maghreb by 1159. Al-Andalus soon followed, and all of Muslim Iberia was under Almohad rule by 1172.The Almohad dominance of Iberia continued until 1212, when Muhammad III, \"al-Nasir\" (1199\u20131214) was defeated at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in the Sierra Morena by an alliance of the Christian princes of Castile, Aragon and Navarre. Nearly all of the Moorish dominions in Iberia were lost soon afterwards, with the great Moorish cities of Cordova and Seville falling to the Christians in 1236 and 1248 respectively.\nThe Almohads continued to rule in Africa until the piecemeal loss of territory through the revolt of tribes and districts enabled the rise of their most effective enemies, the Marinids, in 1215. The last representative of the line, Idris al-Wathiq, was reduced to the possession of Marrakesh, where he was murdered by a slave in 1269; the Marinids seized Marrakesh, ending the Almohad domination of the Western Maghreb.", "Q94424": "Jakob Reumann (31 December 1853 in Vienna \u2013 29 July 1925 in Klagenfurt) was an Austrian Social Democratic politician and the first social democratic mayor of Vienna from 1919 to 1923.", "Q83158": "Jean Maurice Eug\u00e8ne Cl\u00e9ment Cocteau (UK: , US: , French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 mo\u0281is \u00f8\u0292\u025bn klem\u0251\u0303 k\u0254kto]; 5 July 1889 \u2013 11 October 1963) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, designer, filmmaker, visual artist and critic. Cocteau is best known for his novels Le Grand \u00c9cart (1923), Le Livre Blanc (1928), and Les Enfants Terribles (1929); the stage plays La Voix Humaine (1930), La Machine Infernale (1934), Les Parents terribles (1938), La Machine \u00e0 \u00e9crire (1941), and L'Aigle \u00e0 deux t\u00eates (1946); and the films The Blood of a Poet (1930), Les Parents Terribles (1948), from his own eponymous pi\u00e9ce, Beauty and the Beast (1946), Orpheus (1949), and Testament of Orpheus (1960), which alongside Blood of a Poet and Orpheus constitute the so-called Orphic Trilogy. He was described as \"one of [the] avant-garde's most successful and influential filmmakers\" by AllMovie.", "Q57309": "Erich Fritz Emil Mielke (German: [\u02c8e\u02d0\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8mi\u02d0lk\u0259]; 28 December 1907 \u2013 21 May 2000) was a German communist official who served as head of the East German Ministry for State Security (Ministerium f\u00fcr Staatsicherheit - MfS), better known as the Stasi, from 1957 until shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.\nA native of Berlin and a second-generation member of the Communist Party of Germany, Mielke was one of two triggermen in the 1931 murders of Berlin Police Captains Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck. After learning that a witness had survived, Mielke escaped arrest by fleeing to the Soviet Union, where the NKVD recruited him. He was one of the key figures in the decimation of Moscow's German Communists during the Great Purge as well as in the savage persecution of suspected anti-Stalinists in the International Brigade during the Spanish Civil War.\nFollowing the end of World War II in 1945, Mielke returned to the Soviet Zone of Occupied Germany, which he helped organize into a Marxist-Leninist satellite state under the Socialist Unity Party (SED), later becoming head of the Stasi; according to John Koehler, he was \"the longest serving secret police chief in the Soviet Bloc\".The Stasi under Mielke has been called by historian Edward N. Peterson, the \"most pervasive police state apparatus ever to exist on German soil\". In a 1993 interview, Holocaust survivor and Nazi-hunter Simon Wiesenthal has said that, if one considers only the oppression of their own people, the Stasi under Mielke \"was much, much worse than the Gestapo\".During the 1950s and 1960s Mielke led the process of forcibly forming collectivised farms from East Germany's family-owned farms, which sent a flood of refugees to West Germany. In response, Mielke oversaw the construction (1961) of the Berlin Wall and co-signed orders to fatally shoot all East Germans who attempted to leave the country. He also oversaw the establishment of pro-Soviet police states and paramilitary insurgencies in Western Europe, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East.\nIn addition to his role as head of the Stasi, Mielke was also a General in the National People's Army (Nationale Volksarmee), and a member of the SED's ruling Politburo. Dubbed \"The Master of Fear\" (German: der Meister der Angst) by the West German press, Mielke was one of the most powerful and most hated men in East Germany. After German reunification in 1990, Mielke was prosecuted (1992), convicted, and incarcerated (1993) for the 1931 murders of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck. Released from prison early due to ill health in 1995, he died in a Berlin nursing-home in 2000.\n\n", "Q655967": "Bingola Records was a United States record label of the 1920s. It was manufactured by Grey Gull Records of Boston, Massachusetts, and is one of the rarest and most short-lived labels produced by that company.\nThe records were produced for the Bing Corporation of New York City, the U.S. branch of the German Bing Werke company of Nuremberg, which in 1925 had introduced its own line of phonographs called \"Bingophone\".\nThe Bingola label was registered as a trademark in October 1927 and seems to have been produced only briefly during this year and 1928. Known issues re-use ordinary Grey Gull masters, but the label's catalogue numbers (in a 1000-series) have no visible connection with the equivalent issues on the company's other labels.\nReference works long cited 1008 as the highest known catalogue number of a Bingola issue. However in 2008 a copy of Bingola 1011 (see photo) was sold by the vintage record dealer Kurt Nauck.", "Q16433": "Michael Leutert (born 8 August 1974) is a German politician. Born in Bad Schlema, Saxony, he represents The Left. Michael Leutert has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Saxony since 2005.", "Q556568": "Franciszek Ksawery Dmochowski (1762\u20131818) was a Polish Romantic novelist, poet, translator, publisher, critic, and satirist. Father of Franciszek Salezy Dmochowski.", "Q84151": "Shevchenko University or officially the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0422\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0428\u0435\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430), colloquially known in Ukrainian as KNU (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 - \u041a\u041d\u0423) is located in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. KNU is ranked within top 550 universities in the world. It is the third oldest university in Ukraine after the University of Lviv and University of Kharkiv. Currently, its structure consists of fifteen faculties (academic departments) and five institutes. It was founded in 1834 by the Russian Tsar Nikolai I as the Kiev Imperial University of Saint Vladimir, and since then it has changed its name several times. During the Soviet Union era, Taras Shevchenko University was one of the top-three universities in the USSR, along with Moscow State University and Leningrad State University. It is ranked as the best university in Ukraine in many rankings (see below). Throughout history, the university has produced many famous alumni including Nikolay Bunge, Mykhailo Drahomanov, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Nikolai Berdyaev, Mikhail Bulgakov, Ivan Schmalhausen, Theodosius Dobzhansky, Viacheslav Chornovil, Leonid Kravchuk, and many others. Taras Shevchenko himself, banned from educational activities for political reasons, worked for the Kyiv University as a field researcher.", "Q172629": "Chuck Weyant (April 3, 1923 \u2013 January 24, 2017) was an American racecar driver. He was born in St. Mary's, Ohio.\nUntil his death, Weyant was the oldest living Indianapolis 500 veteran. He died on January 24, 2017, at the age of 93.", "Q61863": "Enno Friedrich Wichard Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (22 December 1848 \u2013 25 September 1931) was a German classical philologist. Wilamowitz, as he is known in scholarly circles, was a renowned authority on Ancient Greece and its literature.", "Q165355": "Edward Asbury O'Neal (September 20, 1818 \u2013 November 7, 1890) was a Confederate officer during the American Civil War and the 26th Governor of Alabama.", "Q721994": "Shanghai Airlines (Chinese: \u4e0a\u6d77\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8) is an airline headquartered in Shanghai. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of China Eastern Airlines, but its operations remain separate post-merger, retaining its distinct brand and livery. Shanghai Airlines operates domestic and international services. The logo is a white crane on a red vertical tail fin. The airline operate flights out of Shanghai Pudong International Airport and Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport in Shanghai. The airline is an affiliate member of the SkyTeam airline alliance with its parent company China Eastern Airlines which is a full member of the alliance.\n\n", "Q92733": "James Howard Goodnight (born January 6, 1943) is an American billionaire businessman and software developer. He has been the CEO of SAS Institute since 1976, which he co-founded that year with other faculty members of North Carolina State University.\n\n", "Q104967": "Hartmut M\u00f6llring (born December 31, 1951, Gro\u00df Ilsede) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU). From 1990 to 2013 he was a member of the Landtag of Lower Saxony. From 2003 to 2013, he was the Minister of Finance for the Lower Saxony. He was also chairman of the TdL and a memberof the Supervisory Board of Salzgitter AG", "Q761368": "August Gailit (9 January 1891 \u2013 5 November 1960) was an Estonian writer.", "Q353893": "Lawrence Wright (born August 2, 1947) is an American author, screenwriter, staff writer for The New Yorker magazine, and fellow at the Center for Law and Security at the New York University School of Law. Wright is best known as the author of the 2006 nonfiction book The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. Wright is also known for his work with documentarian Alex Gibney who directed film versions of Wright's one man show My Trip to Al-Qaeda and his book Going Clear.", "Q238798": "Sir Frederic Calland Williams, (26 June 1911 \u2013 11 August 1977), known as F.C. Williams or Freddie Williams, was an English engineer, a pioneer in radar and computer technology.", "Q1060996": "Yasuharu Konishi (\u5c0f\u897f \u5eb7\u967d, Konishi Yasuharu, born February 3, 1959) is a Japanese musician, composer and DJ. He was a founding member of Pizzicato Five and the only such to stay with the group until its breakup in 2001. Konishi's current activities are through his company readymade entertainment and his record label 524 records (a play on words from Konishi's name, as the numbers 524 can be read ko-ni-shi in Japanese using goroawase).", "Q803876": "Biohazard is an American band formed in Brooklyn, New York, in 1987. They are acknowledged as one of the earliest bands to fuse hardcore punk and heavy metal with elements of hip hop. The earliest lineup consisted of bassist-vocalist Evan Seinfeld, guitarist Bobby Hambel, and drummer Anthony Meo. Guitarist-vocalist Billy Graziadei would join the band soon after, changing the band to a four-piece. Since February 2016, the lineup has consisted of Graziadei, Hambel, and Danny Schuler.", "Q126278": "Orlando Drummond (born October 18, 1919) is a Brazilian actor, best known for his works as Seu Peru in the series Escolinha do Professor Raimundo and also as the voice of Scooby-Doo, Alf, and Popeye. He was born in Rio de Janeiro.", "Q1403744": "Electro-industrial is a music genre that emerged from industrial music in the mid-1980s. While EBM (electronic body music) has a minimal structure and clean production, electro-industrial tends to have a grittier, complex and layered sound. The style was pioneered by Skinny Puppy, Front Line Assembly, and other groups, either from Canada or the Benelux. In the early 1990s, the style spawned the dark electro genre, and in the mid-/late-1990s, the aggrotech offshoot. The fan base for the style is linked to the rivethead subculture.", "Q89475": "Wilhelm Wieben (2 June 1935 \u2013 13 June 2019) was a German journalist, actor and author. He was best known for presenting the daily news in Tagesschau, by far the most watched news program on German television, from 1973 to 1998.", "Q52271": "Bottens is a municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q504548": "Milton \"Gummo\" Marx (October 23, 1893 \u2013 April 21, 1977) was an American vaudevillian performer, actor, comedian and theatrical agent. He was the second youngest of the five Marx Brothers. Born in Manhattan, New York City, he worked with his brothers on the vaudeville circuit, leaving the act when he was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1918, during World War I (years before his brothers, Chico, Harpo, Groucho, and Zeppo, began their film careers).", "Q118396": "Jeanlouis Cornuz (February 17, 1922 \u2013 October 14, 2007) was a Swiss writer.", "Q137375": "Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i (Persian: \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u200e, Persian pronunciation: [\u0262ol\u0252\u02d0mhosejne mohsenije e\u0292ei]; born 1956) is an Iranian conservative politician, jurist and prosecutor who currently serves as the second-highest official in the Judicial system of Iran.\nHe was the minister of intelligence from 2005 to July 2009, when he was abruptly dismissed. He has also held a number of governmental posts since 1984. Currently he is the first deputy of the Chief Justice of Iran.", "Q4679842": "Adam Diedrich Steltzner (born 1963) is an American NASA engineer who works for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). He worked on several flight projects including Galileo, Cassini, Mars Pathfinder, Mars Exploration Rovers (MER). He was the lead engineer of the Mars Science Laboratory's EDL phase (Entry, Descent and Landing), and helped design, build and test the sky crane landing system.The media has portrayed Steltzner as a \"rock and roll\" engineer. NPR's Morning Edition said \"he has pierced ears, wears snakeskin boots and sports an Elvis haircut,\" while the EE Times called him \"a bit of a hipster\" and a \"new breed of engineer\" who is media savvy.\n\n", "Q8058": "Louis XI (3 July 1423 \u2013 30 August 1483), called \"Louis the Prudent\" (French: le Prudent), was King of France from 1461 to 1483. He succeeded his father, Charles VII.\nLouis entered into open rebellion against his father in a short-lived revolt known as the Praguerie in 1440. The king forgave his rebellious vassals, including Louis, to whom he entrusted the management of the Dauphin\u00e9, then a province in southeastern France. Louis's ceaseless intrigues, however, led his father to banish him from court. From the Dauphin\u00e9, Louis led his own political establishment and married Charlotte of Savoy, daughter of Louis, Duke of Savoy, against the will of his father. Charles VII sent an army to compel his son to his will, but Louis fled to Burgundy, where he was hosted by Philip the Good, the Duke of Burgundy, Charles' greatest enemy.\nWhen Charles VII died in 1461, Louis left the Burgundian court to take possession of his kingdom. His taste for intrigue and his intense diplomatic activity earned him the nicknames \"the Cunning\" (Middle French: le rus\u00e9) and \"the Universal Spider\" (Middle French: l'universelle aragne), as his enemies accused him of spinning webs of plots and conspiracies.\nIn 1472, the subsequent Duke of Burgundy, Charles the Bold, took up arms against his rival Louis. However, Louis was able to isolate Charles from his English allies by signing the Treaty of Picquigny (1475) with Edward IV of England. The treaty formally ended the Hundred Years' War. With the death of Charles the Bold at the Battle of Nancy in 1477, the dynasty of the dukes of Burgundy died out. Louis took advantage of the situation to seize numerous Burgundian territories, including Burgundy itself and Picardy.\nWithout direct foreign threats, Louis was able to eliminate his rebellious vassals, expand royal power, and strengthen the economic development of his country. He died on 30 August 1483, and was succeeded by his minor son Charles VIII.", "Q5072656": "Chao Chantharath (Lao: \u0ec0\u0e88\u0ebb\u0ec9\u0eb2\u0e88\u0eb1\u0e99\u0e97\u0eb0\u0ea3\u0eb2\u0e94; 1799\u201323 August 1870) also known as Chandakumara, Chantharad or Tiantha-koumane, was king of Luang Phrabang under Siamese rule from 1852 to 1868.\nChantharath was the second son of Manthathurath. He succeeded his elder brother Sukkhasoem in 1852. During his reign, the kingdom confronted by serious local, regional, and international threats. In 1864, Haw rebels raided the country. He freed Principality of Xiangkhouang (Muang Phuan) from Vietnamese and Haw rebels. In 1828, the Siamese king Mongkut returned the Phra Bang Buddha to Luang Phrabang. He died in 1870. Later, his brother Oun Kham succeeded.", "Q177962": "Jonas Bretk\u016bnas, Johann(es) Bretke, also known as Bretkus (born 1536 in Bammeln (Bamboliai) near Friedland \u2013 1602 K\u00f6nigsberg (Karaliau\u010dius) was a Lutheran pastor and was one of the best known developers of the written Lithuanian language. He translated the Bible into Lithuanian, was the author of twelve Lithuanian books, and a historian as well.", "Q370079": "Fran\u00e7ois Maistre (14 May 1925 \u2013 16 May 2016) was a French film, television and theatre actor. Born in Demigny, Sa\u00f4ne-et-Loire, France, he appeared in nearly 100 films between 1960 and 2003. His father was singer and actor A.-M. Julien.\n\n", "Q99855": "Armin Maiwald, born 23 January 1940 in Cologne, is a German author, television director and producer. Maiwald is one of the founders of the award-winning German children's television program, Die Sendung mit der Maus. Often just called Die Maus (\"The Mouse\"), the program has been on the air since March 1971 and is one of the most successful children's television programs ever produced. Maiwald has won over 50 awards for his work.", "Q368636": "David Peel (born David Michael Rosario; August 3, 1942 \u2013 April 6, 2017) was a New York City-based musician who first recorded in the late 1960s with Harold Black, Billy Joe White, George Cori and Larry Adam performing as David Peel and The Lower East Side Band. His raw, acoustic \"street rock\" with lyrics about marijuana and \"bad cops\" appealed mostly to hippies and the disenfranchised.", "Q1980749": "The Orchestre national des Pays de la Loire (ONPL) is a French symphony orchestra based in Angers and Nantes. The orchestra receives support from the Regional Council of the Pays de la Loire, the French Ministry of Culture (Direction R\u00e9gionale des Affaires Culturelles), the municipalities of Nantes and of Angers, and the General Councils of Loire-Atlantique, Maine-et-Loire, and La Vend\u00e9e.\nThe precursor ensembles to the future ONPL were the orchestra of the Op\u00e9ra de Nantes and the orchestra of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Concerts Populaires d'Angers. In 1971 these two orchestras united into a single organisation, the 114-member Orchestre Philharmonique des Pays de la Loire (OPPL), recruited by competition throughout France. It gave its first concert under that name in September 1971, with Pierre Dervaux, the OPPL's first music director, conducting. Dervaux served as music director until 1976. Although based in Angers and Nantes the orchestra gave concerts in all the main towns of the Loire region. In 1979 the orchestra toured to Romania, Bulgaria and Poland, and made its first visit to London in 1980.Subsequent music directors were Marc Soustrot (1976-1994), Hubert Soudant (1994-2004), and Isaac Karabtchevsky (2004-2010). In April 2009, the ONPL announced the appointment of John Axelrod as its next music director, effective September 2010, with an initial contract of 3 years. Axelrod concluded his ONPL tenure in 2013. In February 2013, Pascal Roph\u00e9 was named the next music director of the ONPL, and he formally took up the post in September 2014.\nEarly recordings by the orchestra included orchestral works by Vincent d'Indy (Grand Prix du Disque, 1977), and music by Rabaud and Piern\u00e9 (all EMI). Later CDs included Guillou's Concerto Grosso and Concerto 2000, Ravel's Bol\u00e9ro and other works, and Tchaikovsky\u2019s 5th Symphony.", "Q156774": "Dom Pedro II (English: Peter II; 2 December 1825 \u2013 5 December 1891), nicknamed \"the Magnanimous\", was the second and last monarch of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina and thus a member of the Brazilian branch of the House of Braganza. His father's abrupt abdication and departure to Europe in 1831 left the five year-old as Emperor and led to a grim and lonely childhood and adolescence, obliged to spend his time studying in preparation for rule. He knew only brief moments of happiness and encountered few friends of his age. His experiences with court intrigues and political disputes during this period greatly affected his later character; he grew into a man with a strong sense of duty and devotion toward his country and his people, yet increasingly resentful of his role as monarch.\nPedro II inherited an empire on the verge of disintegration, but he turned Brazil into an emerging power in the international arena. The nation grew to be distinguished from its Hispanic neighbors on account of its political stability, zealously guarded freedom of speech, respect for civil rights, vibrant economic growth, and form of government\u2014a functional representative parliamentary monarchy. Brazil was also victorious in the Platine War, the Uruguayan War, and the Paraguayan War, as well as prevailing in several other international disputes and domestic tensions. Pedro II steadfastly pushed through the abolition of slavery despite opposition from powerful political and economic interests. A savant in his own right, the Emperor established a reputation as a vigorous sponsor of learning, culture, and the sciences, and he won the respect and admiration of people such as Charles Darwin, Victor Hugo, and Friedrich Nietzsche, and was a friend to Richard Wagner, Louis Pasteur, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, among others.\nThere was no desire for a change in the form of government among most Brazilians, but the Emperor was overthrown in a sudden coup d'\u00e9tat that had almost no support outside a clique of military leaders who desired a form of republic headed by a dictator. Pedro II had become weary of emperorship and despaired over the monarchy's future prospects, despite its overwhelming popular support. He did not allow his ouster to be opposed and did not support any attempt to restore the monarchy. He spent the last two years of his life in exile in Europe, living alone on very little money.\nThe reign of Pedro II thus came to an unusual end\u2014he was overthrown while highly regarded by the people and at the pinnacle of his popularity, and some of his accomplishments were soon brought to naught as Brazil slipped into a long period of weak governments, dictatorships, and constitutional and economic crises. The men who had exiled him soon began to see in him a model for the Brazilian republic. A few decades after his death, his reputation was restored and his remains were returned to Brazil with celebrations nationwide. Historians have regarded the Emperor in an extremely positive light and several have ranked him as the greatest Brazilian.", "Q4297239": "Eduardo Estrella Aguirre (1941 in Tabacundo, Ecuador \u2013 1996 in Quito) was an Ecuadorian doctor and researcher who published Flora Huayaquilensis: The Botanical Expedition of Juan Tafalla 1799-1808.\nDr. Eduardo Estrella studied medicine at the Central University of Ecuador. After graduation, Dr Estrella did his Postgraduate education on Radiotherapy at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States from 1968 to 1970. He did his specialized studies in psychiatry at the University of Navarra, Pamplona from 1970 to 1973, Spain. Estrella later chaired the medical faculty at the Central University of Ecuador. Dr Estrella got his doctoral degree from the Catholic University of Quito in the 1980s. This was after he had published extensively on Andean medicine and on the history of medicine.[2]\nDr. Eduardo Estrella founded the Ecuador National Museum of Medicine, the history of medicine museum in Quito, Ecuador - South America.", "Q110721": "Elsa Wagner (24 January 1881\u2013 17 August 1975) was a German actress who appeared in numerous theatrical productions and feature films during the 20th century, including 1920's The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari.", "Q234149": "Danielle Yvonne Marie Antoinette Darrieux (French pronunciation: \u200b[da.nj\u025bl i.v\u0254n ma.\u0281i \u0251\u0303.twa.n\u025bt da\u0281.j\u00f8]; 1 May 1917 \u2013 17 October 2017) was a French actress of stage, television and film, as well as a singer and dancer.\nBeginning in 1931, she appeared in more than 110 films. She was one of France's great movie stars and her eight-decade career was among the longest in film history.", "Q395793": "Agoura Hills ( (listen)) is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Its population was 20,330 at the 2010 census and an estimated 20,472 in 2018. It is in the eastern Conejo Valley between the Simi Hills and the Santa Monica Mountains. The city is in western Los Angeles County and is bordered to the north by Ventura County. It is 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Downtown Los Angeles and less than 10 miles (16 km) west of the Los Angeles city limits at Woodland Hills. Agoura Hills and unincorporated Agoura sit next to Calabasas, Oak Park, and Westlake Village.", "Q106143": "Samuel Pepys ( PEEPS; 23 February 1633 \u2013 26 May 1703) was an administrator of the navy of England and Member of Parliament who is most famous for the diary he kept for a decade while still a relatively young man. Pepys had no maritime experience, but he rose to be the Chief Secretary to the Admiralty under both King Charles II and King James II through patronage, hard work, and his talent for administration. His influence and reforms at the Admiralty were important in the early professionalisation of the Royal Navy.The detailed private diary that Pepys kept from 1660 until 1669 was first published in the 19th century and is one of the most important primary sources for the English Restoration period. It provides a combination of personal revelation and eyewitness accounts of great events, such as the Great Plague of London, the Second Dutch War, and the Great Fire of London.", "Q1000051": "Joseph Christopher O'Mahoney (November 5, 1884 \u2013 December 1, 1962) was an American journalist, lawyer, and politician. A Democrat, he served four complete terms as a U.S. Senator from Wyoming on two occasions, first from 1934-1953 and then again from 1954-1961.", "Q158759": "Unknown is a 2011 action thriller film directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and starring Liam Neeson, Diane Kruger, January Jones, Aidan Quinn, Bruno Ganz, and Frank Langella. The film, produced by Joel Silver, Leonard Goldberg and Andrew Rona, is based on the 2003 French novel by Didier Van Cauwelaert published in English as Out of My Head which was adapted as the film's screenplay by Oliver Butcher and Stephen Cornwell. The narrative centers around a professor who wakes up from a four-day long coma and sets out to prove his identity after no one recognizes him, including his own wife, and another man claims to be him.\nReleased in the United States on February 18, 2011, the film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $136 million against its $30 million budget.", "Q88958": "Ernst J. Cramer (* January 28, 1913 in Augsburg; \u2020 January 19, 2010 in Berlin) was a Germany-born publisher and Chairman of the Board of the Axel-Springer-Foundation.", "Q214299": "Steffen M\u00f6ller (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283t\u025bfn\u0329 \u02c8m\u0153l\u0250] (listen); born 22 January 1969 in Wuppertal) is a German teacher, actor, satirist and stand-up artist, living and performing in Poland and Germany. Known there from the Europa da si\u0119 lubi\u0107 TV show and the M jak mi\u0142o\u015b\u0107 soap opera (as Stefan M\u00fcller). He was also the host for the first season (running from September 2005 to December of the same year) of the Polish edition of the TV show Wetten, dass..? (known there as Za\u0142\u00f3\u017c si\u0119). Since 2008 he has performed on various stand-up comedy tours in Germany, Poland and Austria.\nIn Mamy ci\u0119! (a Polish version of Surprise, Surprise), he was called \"The First German of the Third Polish Republic\". On 3 June 2005, he was given the Federal Cross of Merit on Ribbon of Germany for merits in developing Polish-German relations. He lives in Warsaw and Berlin.", "Q1508188": "George R. Roberts (born 1944) is an American billionaire financier. He is one of the three original partners of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, which he co-founded alongside Jerome Kohlberg and first cousin Henry Kravis in 1976.", "Q2560770": "Linda Abu Meri (n\u00e9e Linda M\u016brniece; born 28 January 1970 in Dobele) is a Latvian politician and journalist. She is a member of Unity, and has served as both the Minister for the Interior as well as the Minister for Defence of Latvia.In 2002 M\u016brniece was elected as a member of the eighth Saeima. She has been the Secretary of Parliament for both the Ministry for the Interior and the Ministry of Defence. After the resignation of Einars Rep\u0161e as the Minister for Defence, M\u016brniece took the office on 5 January 2006 and served until 7 April 2006 when the New Era Party resigned from the government.\nM\u016brniece was also elected as a member of the ninth Saeima in 2006. On 12 March 2009 M\u016brniece became the Minister for the Interior. After the October 2010 election M\u016brniece continued her work as the Minister. In early 2011, after a burglary by four policeman in J\u0113kabpils during which another policeman was shot, M\u016brniece resigned.\nShe was married to Unity member of the Saeima Hosams Abu Meri.\n\n", "Q116350": "Joseph-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric-Beno\u00eet Charri\u00e8re (March 19, 1803 \u2013 April 28, 1876) was a Swiss-born French manufacturer of surgical instruments.\nCharri\u00e8re was born in Cerniat, in the Canton of Fribourg, Switzerland. He moved to Paris at age 13, and was apprenticed to a manufacturer of knives. In 1820 he founded a company manufacturing surgical instruments, which quickly grew to 400 employees by around 1840, and was world-famous by his death. He became a naturalized French citizen in 1843.\nHe developed and improved a number of instruments, especially hypodermic needles and catheters; the French catheter scale is named after his work. Several of his apprentices also became well-known instrument makers, including Georges-Guillaume-Amatus L\u00fcer, Louis-Joseph Mathieu, and Adolphe Collin in Paris; Josef Leiter in Vienna; and Camillus Nyrop in Copenhagen.\nHe was inducted into the Legion of Honour in 1851, and died in 1876 in Paris.", "Q674942": "Matthew Walter \"Matt\" Wachter (born January 5, 1976) is an American musician best known for playing bass in the alternative rock bands Thirty Seconds to Mars and Angels & Airwaves.", "Q71443": "Jakob Bothe (born Jakob Michelsen; 8 October 1964 \u2013 17 January 2013), better known by his pen name Jakob Arjouni, was a German author. He received the 1992 German Crime Fiction Prize for One Man, One Murder.", "Q741053": "Sir William Howard Russell, (28 March 1820 \u2013 11 February 1907) was an Irish reporter with The Times, and is considered to have been one of the first modern war correspondents. He spent 22 months covering the Crimean War, including the Siege of Sevastopol and the Charge of the Light Brigade. He later covered events during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the American Civil War, the Austro-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War.", "Q188008": "Shortness of breath (SOB), also known as dyspnea, is a feeling of not being able to breathe well enough. The American Thoracic Society defines it as \"a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity\", and recommends evaluating dyspnea by assessing the intensity of the distinct sensations, the degree of distress involved, and its burden or impact on activities of daily living. Distinct sensations include effort/work, chest tightness, and air hunger (the feeling of not enough oxygen).Dyspnea is a normal symptom of heavy exertion but becomes pathological if it occurs in unexpected situations or light exertion. In 85% of cases it is due to asthma, pneumonia, cardiac ischemia, interstitial lung disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or psychogenic causes, such as panic disorder and anxiety. Treatment typically depends on the underlying cause.", "Q112136": "Wilhelm Scherer (26 April 1841 \u2013 6 August 1886) was a German philologist and historian of literature.", "Q41580": "Axel Martin Fredrik Munthe (31 October 1857 \u2013 11 February 1949) was a Swedish-born medical doctor and psychiatrist, best known as the author of The Story of San Michele, an autobiographical account of his life and work. He spoke several languages (Swedish, English, French, Italian fluently, and German at least passably), grew up in Sweden, attended medical school there, and opened his first practice in France. He was married to an English aristocrat and spent most of his adult life in Italy. His philanthropic nature often led him to treat the poor without charge, and he risked his life on several occasions to offer medical help in times of war, disaster, or plague. As an advocate of animal rights, he purchased land to create a bird sanctuary near his home in Italy, argued for bans on painful traps, and himself kept pets as diverse as an owl and a baboon, as well as many types of dog. His writing is light-hearted, being primarily memoirs drawn from his real-life experiences, but it is often tinged with sadness or tragedy, and often uses dramatic licence. He primarily wrote about people and their idiosyncrasies, portraying the foibles of both the rich and the poor, but also about animals.", "Q115881": "Karin Keller-Sutter (born 22 December 1963) is a Swiss politician and a member of the FDP. She is a current member of the Swiss Federal Council, the federal government of Switzerland, and head of the Department of Justice and Police.\n\n", "Q78301": "Wolfgang Makatsch (16 February 1906, Zittau \u2013 23 February 1983, Bautzen) was a German ornithologist and oologist. He wrote numerous books about birds and bird identification. Many of his works were translated into other languages and he contributed to Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia.", "Q92900": "Mark N. Wegman is an American computer scientist known for his contributions to algorithms and compiler optimization. Wegman received his B.A. from New York University and his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley. He joined IBM Research in 1975, where he currently serves as head of Computer Science. He is a member of the IBM Academy of Technology and a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (1996) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. He became an IBM Fellow in 2007. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2010.Wegman is best known for being one of the inventors of the Static single assignment form, which is used in the analysis portion of most if not all modern optimizing compilers. This work was recognized by SIGPLAN in 2006 with its Programming Languages Achievement Award. He has also made contributions to algorithms and information theory including universal hashing and the LZMW data compression algorithm.", "Q363763": "Paul Tanner (October 15, 1917 \u2013 February 5, 2013) was an American musician and a member of the Glenn Miller Orchestra.\n\n", "Q3318961": "Mohammad Ahmed Safadi (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062f\u064a\u200e; born 28 March 1944) is a Lebanese businessman that served as minister of finance under Najib Mikati.", "Q1898674": "Mario Lima Carib\u00e9 da Rocha (born 6 August 1964) is a Brazilian bassist, composer, and educator.\n\n", "Q4689": "Joan Lorring (April 17, 1926 \u2013 May 30, 2014) was an American actress and singer known for her work in film and theatre. For her role as Bessy Watty in The Corn Is Green (1945), Lorring was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Lorring also originated the role of Marie Buckholder in Come Back, Little Sheba on Broadway in 1950, for which she won a Donaldson Award (an early version of the Tony Award).", "Q434312": "Maria Penelope Katharine Aitken (born 12 September 1945) is an English theatre director, teacher, actress, and writer.", "Q186025": "Reginald Joseph Mitchell CBE, FRAeS, (20 May 1895 \u2013 11 June 1937) was an English aeronautical engineer who worked for Supermarine Aviation. Between 1920 and 1936, he designed many aircraft. He is best remembered for his racing seaplanes, which culminated in the Supermarine S.6B, and the iconic Second World War fighter, the Supermarine Spitfire.", "Q67221": "Karl Friedrich August G\u00fctzlaff (8 July 1803 \u2013 9 August 1851), anglicised as Charles Gutzlaff, was a German Lutheran missionary to the Far East, notable as one of the first Protestant missionaries in Bangkok, Thailand (1828) and in Korea (1832). He was also the first Lutheran missionary to China. He was a magistrate in Ningpo and Chusan and the second Chinese Secretary of the British administration in Hong Kong.\nHe wrote widely read books and served as interpreter for British diplomatic missions during the First Opium War. G\u00fctzlaff was one of the first Protestant missionaries in China to wear Chinese clothing.", "Q1065805": "Charles David Powell, Baron Powell of Bayswater, (born 6 July 1941) is a British diplomat, politician and businessman. He served as a key foreign policy adviser to the prime minister Margaret Thatcher during the 1980s. His brother, Jonathan Powell, was chief of staff to Tony Blair throughout his period as Prime Minister from 1997 to 2007, and his father was Air Vice-Marshal John Frederick Powell.", "Q152274": "Edvard Bene\u0161, sometimes anglicised to Edward Benesh (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025bdvard \u02c8b\u025bn\u025b\u0283] (listen); 28 May 1884 \u2013 3 September 1948), was a Czech politician and statesman who was President of Czechoslovakia from 1935 to 1938 and again from 1945 to 1948. He also led the Czechoslovak government-in-exile 1939 to 1945, during World War II. As President, Bene\u0161 faced two major crises which both resulted in his resignation.\nHis first resignation came after the Munich Agreement and subsequent German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1938, which brought his government into exile in the United Kingdom. The second came about with the 1948 communist coup, which created a communist regime. Before his time as President, Bene\u0161 was also the first Minister of Foreign Affairs (1918\u20131935) and the fourth Prime Minister (1921\u20131922) of Czechoslovakia. A member of the Czechoslovak National Social Party, he was known as a skilled diplomat.", "Q373216": "Pamela Dawber (born October 18, 1951) is an American actress best known for her lead television sitcom roles as Mindy McConnell in Mork & Mindy (1978\u20131982) and Samantha Russell in My Sister Sam (1986\u20131988).", "Q1338576": "The Emmental Alps (German: Emmentaler Alpen) are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps, in Switzerland. They are located north-west of the Br\u00fcnig Pass, mainly in the cantons of Lucerne, Bern, and Obwalden, with a small portion in the canton of Nidwalden. The highest summit of the range is the Brienzer Rothorn, which is also the highest point in the canton of Lucerne. The range is named after the Emme valley (German: Emmental). In the north-west corner one finds the relatively low, but widespread, and very furrowed Napf.\nThe Emmental Alps are separated from the Bernese Alps by the Aare valley to the south and connected to the Uri Alps by the four lakes Lungerersee, Sarnersee, Wichelsee, and Vierwaldst\u00e4ttersee to the east.", "Q561449": "Shinji Takeda (\u6b66\u7530 \u771f\u6cbb, Takeda Shinji), born December 18, 1972, is a Japanese actor, talent and saxophone player. He has had notable roles in such works as The Incite Mill, Ky\u014d Kara Hitman and Tokyo Eyes.", "Q95909": "Rudolf Oeser (13 November 1858 \u2013 3 June 1926) was a German journalist and liberal politician. From 1922 to 1924 he was a member of several governments of the Weimar Republic, serving as Minister of the Interior and Minister of Transport.\n\n", "Q57484": "Ruth Fuchs (n\u00e9e Gamm, later Hellmann, born 14 December 1946 in Egeln, Saxony-Anhalt) is a German politician and former athlete. Fuchs, representing East Germany, was the winner of the women's javelin at the 1972 (Munich) and 1976 (Montreal) Olympic Games. She set the world record for the javelin six times during the 1970s.\nHer personal best throw was 69.96 metres with the old javelin type, achieved in April 1980 in Split. This ranks her seventh among German old-type-javelin throwers, behind Petra Felke (who held the world record), Antje Kempe, Silke Renk, Beate Koch, Karen Forkel and Tanja Damaske.Ruth Fuchs has admitted using steroids during her career, as part of the official East German sports programme.\nAfter retirement from competitional activity, Fuchs became a member of Parliament for the Party of Democratic Socialism (now the Left Party) in the re-united Germany. Since her retirement from public life Fuchs has lived in Bucha, Saale-Holzland, in Thuringia, Germany.", "Q236038": "Sofonisba Anguissola (c.\u20091532 \u2013 16 November 1625), also known as Sophonisba Angussola or Sophonisba Anguisciola, was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Cremona to a relatively poor noble family. She received a well-rounded education that included the fine arts, and her apprenticeship with local painters set a precedent for women to be accepted as students of art. As a young woman, Anguissola traveled to Rome where she was introduced to Michelangelo, who immediately recognized her talent, and to Milan, where she painted the Duke of Alba. The Spanish queen, Elizabeth of Valois, was a keen amateur painter and in 1559 Anguissola was recruited to go to Madrid as her tutor, with the rank of lady-in-waiting. She later became an official court painter to the king, Philip II, and adapted her style to the more formal requirements of official portraits for the Spanish court. After the queen's death, Philip helped arrange an aristocratic marriage for her. She moved to Sicily, and later Pisa and Genoa, where she continued to practice as a leading portrait painter.\nHer most distinctive and attractive paintings are her portraits of herself and her family, which she painted before she moved to the Spanish court. In particular, her depictions of children were fresh and closely observed. At the Spanish court she painted formal state portraits in the prevailing official style, as one of the first, and most successful, of the relatively few female court painters. Later in her life she also painted religious subjects, although many of her religious paintings have been lost. In 1625, she died at age 93 in Palermo.\nAnguissola's example, as much as her oeuvre, had a lasting influence on subsequent generations of artists, and her great success opened the way for larger numbers of women to pursue serious careers as artists. Her paintings can be seen at galleries in Boston (Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum); Milwaukee (Milwaukee Art Museum); Bergamo; Brescia; Budapest; Madrid (Museo del Prado); Naples; Siena; and at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.\nHer contemporary Giorgio Vasari wrote that Anguissola \"has shown greater application and better grace than any other woman of our age in her endeavors at drawing; she has thus succeeded not only in drawing, coloring and painting from nature, and copying excellently from others, but by herself has created rare and very beautiful paintings.\"", "Q66881": "Luven (formerly known as Luvis) is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Luven, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.", "Q77754": "Helmut Hei\u00dfenb\u00fcttel (21 June 1921 \u2013 19 September 1996) was a German novelist and poet. Among Hei\u00dfenb\u00fcttel's works are Das Textbuch (The Textbook) and Marlowe's Ende (Marlowe's End). He received the important Georg B\u00fcchner Prize in 1969. His other awards include the Bundesverdienstkreuz Erster Klasse (1979) and the Austrian State Prize for European Literature (1990).\nHei\u00dfenb\u00fcttel was born in Wilhelmshaven, Germany. During the Second World War, he was badly wounded at the Eastern Front so that his left arm had to be amputated.\nHe married Ida Warnholtz in 1954 (one son, three daughters). Hei\u00dfenb\u00fcttel died of pneumonia at a hospital in Gl\u00fcckstadt. His dying words were \"wie ein Schokoladen-Milchshake nur knackig.\" He was 75.", "Q507914": "BWO was a Swedish electropop group, formed in 2003. Prior to early 2006 they used the name Bodies Without Organs. In Sweden they have enjoyed considerable commercial success throughout their career, so far notching up 15 Top 40 singles, including a Number 1 with \"Temple of Love\", and five Top 10 albums including a Number 1 with Halcyon Days, and have won several major Swedish music awards.\nSince the mid-2000s, BWO have had significant chart success in several Eastern European countries including Ukraine and Russia, and some moderate success in the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany, Norway, Denmark, Finland, and the United States. 2009 saw a major breakthrough for the band in Japan, China and Taiwan with the compilation album Sunshine In The Rain, specially designed for the Asian market.", "Q718640": "Leo V or Levon V (occasionally Levon VI; Armenian: \u053c\u0587\u0578\u0576, Levon V; 1342 \u2013 29 November 1393), of the House of Lusignan, was the last Latin king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. He ruled from 1374 to 1375.\nLeo was described as \"Leo V, King of Armenia\" on his own personal seal (Sigilum Leonis Quinti Regis Armenie), and as \"Leo of Lusignan the Fifth\" in the Middle French inscription on his cenotaph: Leon de Lizingnen quint.", "Q180332": "Torkel Halvorsen Aschehoug (27 June 1822 \u2013 20 January 1909) was a prominent Norwegian professor, legal scholar, historian and social economist. He also served as a conservative politician and Member of the Norwegian Parliament.", "Q333632": "Francisco \"Chico\" Buarque de Hollanda, popularly known simply as Chico Buarque (Brazilian Portuguese: [\u02c8\u0283iku bu\u02c8a\u0281ki]; born June 19, 1944) is a Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist, composer, playwright, writer and poet. He is best known for his music, which often includes social, economic and cultural commentary on Brazil.\nThe firstborn son of S\u00e9rgio Buarque de Hollanda, Buarque lived at several locations throughout his childhood, though mostly in Rio de Janeiro, S\u00e3o Paulo and Rome. He wrote and studied literature as a child and found music through the bossa nova compositions of Tom Jobim and Jo\u00e3o Gilberto. He performed as a singer and guitarist the 1960s as well as writing a play that was deemed dangerous by the Brazilian military dictatorship of the time. Buarque, along with several Tropicalist and MPB musicians, was threatened by the Brazilian military government and eventually left Brazil for Italy in 1969. However, he came back to Brazil in 1970, and continued to record, perform, and write, though much of his material was suppressed by government censors. He released several more albums in the 1980s and published three novels in the 1990s and 2000s.", "Q37370": "Klaus Ebner (born 8 August 1964) is an Austrian writer, essayist, poet, and translator. Born and raised in Vienna, he began writing at an early age. He started submitting stories to magazines in the 1980s, and also published articles and books on software topics after 1989. Ebner's poetry is written in German and Catalan; he also translates French and Catalan literature into German. He is a member of several Austrian writers associations, including the Grazer Autorenversammlung.\nHis works include cultural essays on Catalan topics, and stories dealing with Jewish traditions. His first collection of short stories was printed in 2007. In 2008, Ebner published the short novel Hominide. He has received several literature awards, among them the Youth Prize Erster \u00d6sterreichischer Jugendpreis in 1982, and the Viennese Wiener Werkstattpreis in 2007. Austrian critics, such as Wolfgang Ratz, have praised Ebner's prose-style. The writer lives in Vienna with his family.\n\n", "Q122793": "Martin Birmann (26 November 1828 \u2013 19 August 1890) was a Swiss politician and President of the Swiss Council of States (1884).", "Q71325": "Jakob Ayrer (c. 1543 \u2013 March 26, 1605 or in 1625) was a German playwright and author of Fastnachtsspiele (carnival or Shrovetide plays).", "Q365474": "David Anthony Faustino (born March 3, 1974) is an American actor and rapper primarily known for his role as Bud Bundy on the FOX sitcom Married... with Children.\nDavid Faustino is currently the host of Old Scratch Radio Sundays on Skee 24/7 on Dash Radio.\n\n", "Q795202": "Benjamin Everett Jordan (September 8, 1896 \u2013 March 15, 1974) was an American businessman and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a United States senator from North Carolina from 1958 to 1973.", "Q2618673": "The Academy of Dramatic Art (Croatian: Akademija dramske umjetnosti or ADU) is a Croatian drama school. Since its inception in 1896, the institution grew in prominence resulting in its successful affiliation with the University of Zagreb in 1979, along with the Academy of Music and the Academy of Fine Arts. The Academy serves as the country's premier drama school, providing education for all types of professions related to theatre, radio, television and film production, including actors, directors, cinematographers and editors.", "Q707760": "Li Na (simplified Chinese: \u674e\u8bb7; traditional Chinese: \u674e\u8a25; pinyin: L\u012d N\u00e0 or Li Ne, born August 1940), is the daughter of Mao Zedong and his fourth wife Jiang Qing, and their only child together. Her surname is Li rather than Mao, because her father used the pseudonym \"Li Desheng\" (\u674e\u5fb7\u80dc; \u674e\u5fb7\u52dd) for a period of time during the Chinese Civil War.\nThe names of Li Na and her sister Li Min come from Book 4 of the Analects of Confucius: \"ne yu yan er min yu xing\" (\u8bb7\u4e8e\u8a00\u800c\u654f\u4e8e\u884c, meaning slow in speech and earnest in conduct).\n\n", "Q193428": "Sakai (\u583a\u5e02, Sakai-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan on the edge of Osaka Bay at the mouth of the Yamato River. It has been one of the largest and most important seaports of Japan since the Medieval era.\nFollowing the February 2005 annexation of the town of Mihara (from Minamikawachi District), the city grew to the fourteenth most populous city in Japan, with 828,741 residents as of June 1, 2019.The current city was legally founded on April 1, 1889 according to the laws of Imperial Japan. Sakai became a designated city in April 2006 giving it a greater measure of self-determination in governmental affairs. It is divided into seven districts.\nSakai is known for its keyhole-shaped burial mounds, or kofun, which date from the 5th century. The largest of these, Daisen Kofun, is believed to be the grave of the Emperor Nintoku and is the largest grave in the world by area. Once known for samurai swords, Sakai is now famous for the quality of its kitchen knives; most high-quality Japanese cutlery originates in Sakai, and its production is a major industry in the city.\n\n", "Q65350": "Carl Friedrich Freiherr von Weizs\u00e4cker (28 June 1912 \u2013 28 April 2007) was a German physicist and philosopher. He was the longest-living member of the team which performed nuclear research in Germany during the Second World War, under Werner Heisenberg's leadership. There is ongoing debate as to whether or not he and the other members of the team actively and willingly pursued the development of a nuclear bomb for Germany during this time.\nA member of the prominent Weizs\u00e4cker family, he was son of the diplomat Ernst von Weizs\u00e4cker, elder brother of the former German President Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker, father of the physicist and environmental researcher Ernst Ulrich von Weizs\u00e4cker and father-in-law of the former General Secretary of the World Council of Churches, Konrad Raiser.\nWeizs\u00e4cker made important theoretical discoveries regarding energy production in stars from nuclear fusion processes. He also did influential theoretical work on planetary formation in the early Solar System.\nIn his late career, he focused more on philosophical and ethical issues, and was awarded several international honors for his work in those areas.", "Q317784": "Jermaine La Jaune Jackson (born December 11, 1954) is an American singer, songwriter, bass guitarist, and member of the Jackson family. He was a member of The Jackson Five, a singing group consisting of him and four of his brothers from 1965 to 1975, where he was the second lead vocalist after his brother Michael and played bass guitar.Jackson sang the lead on some of their songs and had featured vocals on many others, including many of their biggest hits such as \"I'll Be There\" and \"I Want You Back\". When the band left Motown and reformed as \"The Jacksons\", Jermaine decided to stay with Motown due to loyalty to Motown founder Berry Gordy, whose daughter he had married, and was replaced in the group by youngest brother Randy. He rejoined the group in 1983, and has remained with them since, through various breakups and reunions. Jermaine also had a solo career concurrent with his brother Michael's, and had a number of top-30 hits throughout the 1970s and '80s. He also produced and recorded duets with American singer Whitney Houston in her early years as a recording artist, and was a producer for the band Switch.", "Q184154": "Laval ([la.val] (listen)) is a town in western France, about 300 km (190 mi) west-southwest of Paris, and the capital of the Mayenne department. Laval was before the French Revolution part of the province of Maine, now split between two departments, Mayenne and Sarthe. Its inhabitants are called Lavallois. The commune of Laval proper, without the metropolitan area, is the 13th most populous in northwestern France and the 119th in France.A part of the traditional province of Maine, Laval also lies on the threshold of Brittany and is not far from Normandy and Anjou. It was thus an important stronghold in northwestern France during the Middle Ages. Laval became a city during the 11th century, and was the cradle of the House of Laval, one of the most powerful families in Maine and Brittany. The counts of Laval developed a textile industry around 1300 and made Laval a significant centre for the French Renaissance a century later. The linen industry remained the principal activity in Laval until the 20th century, when milk processing became more profitable.\nLaval developed around a promontory, on which the castle was built, and along the river Mayenne. The Laval metropolitan area is a small economic centre in western France, particularly active in the industrial sector, dairy production, electronics and chemicals. Laval is economically oriented towards Rennes, the administrative capital of the region of Brittany, and located only 80 kilometres (50 miles) west of Laval.\nLaval proper covers 34.2 square kilometres (13.2 sq mi) and has a population of 49,492 inhabitants, while c. 122,000 live in its metropolitan area (976 square kilometres (376.8 sq mi)). The Laval Agglom\u00e9ration intercommunality is made up of 34 communes covering 686 square kilometres (265 sq mi) with 113,000 inhabitants.Laval is notably the birthplace of Henri Rousseau, a major Na\u00efve painter, and the town has a museum dedicated to him and other Na\u00efve artists. Laval also enjoys a significant architectural heritage, with its castle, portions of city walls, medieval houses, old bridges and churches.", "Q589687": "Chenies is a village and civil parish in the Chiltern district, the easternmost part of south Buckinghamshire, England, on the border with Hertfordshire east of Chesham and Chalfont St Peter.\n\n", "Q1144607": "Golden Buddha is a thriller novel written by Clive Cussler and co-authored with Craig Dirgo. It is the first in The Oregon Files series.", "Q263777": "Akira Nagatsuma (\u9577\u59bb \u662d, Nagatsuma Akira, born June 14, 1960) is a Japanese politician of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan, a member of House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). Nagatsuma is currently the deputy leader and the head of the Tokyo chapter of the CDP. He had served as the Minister of Health, Labour, and Welfare in the Hatoyama and Kan administration. He came to prominence when he reported missing records of public pension plans. A native of Nerima, Tokyo and graduate of Keio University, he was elected for the first time in 2000 after unsuccessful runs in 1995 and 1996.", "Q471128": "Kenneth \"Chi\" McBride (born September 23, 1961) is an American actor. He starred as high school principal Steven Harper on the series Boston Public, Emerson Cod on Pushing Daisies, Detective Laverne Winston on the Fox drama Human Target, and more recently Detective Don Owen in the short-lived CBS crime drama Golden Boy. He currently plays in a main role as Captain Lou Grover of the Five-0 taskforce in the CBS drama Hawaii Five-0. He has also appeared in films such as Gone in 60 Seconds; The Terminal; I, Robot; Roll Bounce; and Draft Day.", "Q587872": "Anton Afritsch (December 8, 1873 in Klagenfurt - July 7, 1924 in Graz) was an Austrian journalist and politician. He is best remembered as the initiator of the Kinderfreunde movement.", "Q120184": "Eugen Bircher (17 February 1882 in Aarau \u2013 20 October 1956) was a Swiss politician (member of parliament 1942 \u2013 1955) and military leader who became associated with a pro-German position in the inter-war years.", "Q3189018": "Juli Marial (?-1971) was a president and player of FC Barcelona. His presidency lasted from 1906 to 1908.", "Q1069959": "The Kingdom of Imereti (Georgian: \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd) was a Georgian monarchy established in 1455 by a member of the house of Bagrationi when the Kingdom of Georgia was dissolved into rival kingdoms. Before that time, Imereti was considered a separate kingdom within the Kingdom of Georgia, to which a cadet branch of the Bagrationi royal family held the crown. This started in 1260 after David VI revolted against Mongolian rule and fled to Abkhazia. This was the result of the Mongolian conquest of Georgia during the 13th century which decentralized and fragmented Georgia, forcing the relocation of governmental centres to the provinces. \nImereti was conquered by Giorgi the Brilliant, who was subject to the Mongols, and united Imereti with the east Kingdom of Georgia. From 1455 onward, however, the kingdom became a constant battleground between Georgian, Persian and Turkish forces. Between 1555 and 1804 it was a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire. On 25 April 1804 Solomon II of Imereti accepted Russian vassalage and in 1810 he was removed from the throne. During the time that Imereti was a vassal state, the Mingrelia, Abkhazia and Guria princedoms declared their independence from Imereti and established their own governments. In Persian - Azeri nomenclature the name of the region was changed to \"ba\u015f a\u00e7\u0131q\" which literally means \"without a head scarf\".", "Q23311": "The City of London is a city and local government district that contains the historic centre and the primary central business district (CBD) of London. It constituted most of London from its settlement by the Romans in the 1st century AD to the Middle Ages, but the agglomeration has since grown far beyond the City's borders. The City is now only a tiny part of the metropolis of London, though it remains a notable part of central London. Administratively, it forms one of the 33 local authority districts of Greater London; however, the City of London is not a London borough, a status reserved for the other 32 districts (including London's only other city, the City of Westminster). It is also a separate ceremonial county, being an enclave surrounded by Greater London, and is the smallest county in the United Kingdom.\nThe City of London is widely referred to simply as the City (differentiated from the phrase \"the city of London\" by capitalising City) and is also colloquially known as the Square Mile, as it is 1.12 sq mi (716.80 acres; 2.90 km2) in area. Both of these terms are also often used as metonyms for the United Kingdom's trading and financial services industries, which continue a notable history of being largely based in the City. The name London is now ordinarily used for a far wider area than just the City. London most often denotes the sprawling London metropolis, or the 32 London boroughs, in addition to the City of London itself. This wider usage of London is documented as far back as 1888, when the County of London was created.The local authority for the City, namely the City of London Corporation, is unique in the UK and has some unusual responsibilities for a local council, such as being the police authority. It is also unusual in having responsibilities and ownerships beyond its boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, an office separate from (and much older than) the Mayor of London. The Lord Mayor, as of November 2019, is William Russell.The City is a major business and financial centre. Throughout the 19th century, the City was the world's primary business centre, and it continues to be a major meeting point for businesses. London came top in the Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index, published in 2008. The insurance industry is focused around the eastern side of the City, around Lloyd's building. A secondary financial district exists outside the City, at Canary Wharf, 2.5 miles (4 km) to the east.\nThe City has a resident population of 9,401 (ONS estimate, mid-2016) but over 500,000 are employed there, and some estimates put the number of workers in the city to be over 1 million. About three-quarters of the jobs in the City of London are in the financial, professional, and associated business services sectors. The legal profession forms a major component of the northern and western sides of the City, especially in the Temple and Chancery Lane areas where the Inns of Court are located, of which two\u2014Inner Temple and Middle Temple\u2014fall within the City of London boundary.", "Q65344": "Andreas Maria Maximilian Freiherr von Mauchenheim genannt Bechtolsheim (born 30 September 1955) is a German electrical engineer, entrepreneur, investor, and self-made billionaire. He co-founded Sun Microsystems in 1982 and was its chief hardware designer. He later became an investor, most notable for providing Sergey Brin and Larry Page with their first round of funding, a $100,000 investment in 1998 before the two had even incorporated their company, Google. His net worth reached $7 billion in September 2018.", "Q617215": "Albert Espinosa i Puig (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0259l\u02c8\u03b2\u025b\u027et \u0259spi\u02c8noz\u0259 i \u02c8put\u0283]; born 5 November 1973), educated as an industrial engineer, is a Spanish screenwriter, playwright, writer, actor and director of cinema. He also works as a newspaper columnist at El Peri\u00f3dico de Catalunya.", "Q1083": "Salerno (UK: , US: , Italian: [sa\u02c8l\u025brno] (listen); Salernitano: Salierne, IPA: [sa\u02c8lj\u0259rn\u0259]) is an ancient city and comune in Campania (southwestern Italy) and is the capital of the province of the same name. It is located on the Gulf of Salerno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. The city is divided into three distinct zones: the medieval sector, the 19th century sector and the more densely populated post-war area, with its several apartment blocks.Human settlement at Salerno has a rich and vibrant past, dating back to pre-historic times. The site has been one of the most important and strategic ports on the Mediterranean sea, yielding a rich Greco-Roman heritage. It was an independent Lombard principality, Principality of Salerno, in the early Middle Ages. During this time, the Schola Medica Salernitana, the first medical school in the world, was founded. In the 16th century, under the Sanseverino family, among the most powerful feudal lords in southern Italy, the city became a great centre of learning, culture and the arts, and the family hired several of the greatest intellectuals of the time. Later, in 1694, the city was struck by several catastrophic earthquakes and plagues. After a period of Spanish rule which would last until the 18th century, Salerno became part of the Parthenopean Republic.In recent history the city hosted Victor Emmanuel III, the King of Italy, who moved from Rome in 1943 after Italy negotiated a peace with the Allies in World War II, making Salerno the home of the \"government of the South\" (Regno del Sud) and therefore provisional government seat for six months. Some of the Allied landings during Operation Avalanche (the invasion of Italy) occurred near Salerno. Today Salerno is an important cultural centre in Campania and Italy.\nA patron saint of Salerno is Saint Matthew, the Apostle, whose relics are kept here at the crypt of Salerno Cathedral.", "Q2423885": "Mark Dismore (born October 12, 1956 in Greenfield, Indiana) is a former driver in the Indy Racing League and the 1990 Toyota Pacific champion as well as the winner of the 1993 24 Hours of Daytona with Dan Gurney's All American Racers in a Toyota GTP car with co-drivers Rocky Moran and P. J. Jones. He made 3 CART starts in 1991 but was badly injured in a practice crash for the Indianapolis 500, when his car veered sharply towards the entrance of pit road at the exit of Turn 4 and back-ended the fence, only to careen across the pit lane and smash virtually head on at sizeable speed against the edge of pit wall; this second impact tore off the front of the car leaving Mark's legs exposed. Amongst the injuries he suffered, the most severe was a broken neck. He was largely out of open wheel racing until the 1996 Indy 500 where he drove for Team Menard though he did try to qualify in the 1992 Indianapolis 500 for Concept Motorsports in an outdated Lola/Buick. In 1997 he drove a second car at the Indy 500 for Kelley Racing and would become a full-time fixture there until the 2001 season. He returned to Menard for a partial season in 2002. Dismore has a single IRL win coming in the fall 1999 Texas Motor Speedway race and also finished a career-best third in points that season. Among his 62 career IRL starts he won four poles. He also represented the IRL in the International Race of Champions in 2000 and 2001.\nHe now owns and operates New Castle Motorsports Park, a Karting facility in New Castle, Indiana, as well as Comet Kart Sales in Greenfield, Indiana. New Castle Motorsports Park is the home of Indiana karting's signature event, the Dan Wheldon Cup weekend races, held after the INDYCAR season ends. The Wheldon Cup weekend consists of a Pro-Am race with INDYCAR stars on Saturday and a 200-mile, 200-lap endurance karting event Sunday, the Robopong 200 Dan Wheldon Cup.", "Q157318": "Leszek Ko\u0142akowski (; Polish: [\u02c8l\u025b\u0282\u025bk k\u0254wa\u02c8k\u0254fsk\u02b2i]; 23 October 1927 \u2013 17 July 2009) was a Polish philosopher and historian of ideas.\nHe is best known for his critical analyses of Marxist thought, especially his three-volume history, Main Currents of Marxism (1976). In his later work, Kolakowski increasingly focused on religious questions. In his 1986 Jefferson Lecture, he asserted that \"[w]e learn history not in order to know how to behave or how to succeed, but to know who we are\".Due to his criticism of Marxism and Communism, Ko\u0142akowski was effectively exiled from Poland in 1968. He spent most of the remainder of his career at All Souls College, Oxford. Despite being in exile, Ko\u0142akowski was a major inspiration for the Solidarity movement that flourished in Poland in the 1980s and helped bring about the collapse of the Soviet Union, leading to his being described as the \"awakener of human hopes\".", "Q358087": "Micheal Ray Stevenson (born November 19, 1989), known by his stage name Tyga (a backronym for Thank you God always), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, actor, and television personality. After a number of independent releases, Tyga signed a recording contract with Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Republic Records in 2008. His major label debut Careless World: Rise of the Last King was released in 2011 and included the successful singles \"Rack City\", \"Faded\" featuring Lil Wayne, \"Far Away\" featuring Chris Richardson, \"Still Got It\" featuring Drake, and \"Make It Nasty\".\nAfter disagreements with Young Money, Tyga's fourth album The Gold Album: 18th Dynasty was released independently on June 23, 2015 and became his worst selling album to that point, selling just 5000 equivalent album units in its first week.After a long period of poor sales and negative reviews from previous albums, his May 2018 single, \"Taste\" featuring Offset, peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100, being his first Top 40 single since \"Ayo\" with Chris Brown in 2015. That single would later serve as the lead single for his seventh album Legendary, which was eventually released in 2019.", "Q428049": "Lotte in Weimar is a 1975 East German drama film directed by Egon G\u00fcnther and produced by DEFA. It was entered into the 1975 Cannes Film Festival. It is based on the 1939 novel, Lotte in Weimar: The Beloved Returns by Nobel Prize\u2013winning German novelist Thomas Mann.", "Q951665": "The Mavericks are an American country music band that combine Tex-Mex, neotraditional country music, Latin, and rockabilly influences. The Mavericks were founded in 1989 in Miami, Florida. Between 1991 and 2003, the band recorded six studio albums, in addition to charting 14 singles on the Billboard country charts. Their highest-peaking American single was 1996's \"All You Ever Do Is Bring Me Down\", a collaboration with accordionist Flaco Jim\u00e9nez. They are best known in the UK for their 1998 single \"Dance the Night Away\", which spent 18 weeks on the chart, peaking at number 4. In 1996, The Mavericks won a Grammy Award for the song \"Here Comes the Rain\".\nThe band split up in 2000, reuniting in 2003\u20132004 before splitting up again. During the period 2001\u20132011, lead singer Raul Malo released six solo albums. Bass player Robert Reynolds and keyboardist Jerry Dale McFadden co-founded the 'supergroup' SWAG, along with Ken Coomer of Wilco, Tom Petersson of Cheap Trick, and Doug Powell. \nIn 2012, the band announced plans for several reunion festival dates. Shortly after, they were offered a record deal by Big Machine Records. Their reunion album In Time, was released in February 2013. Since then, the group has recorded and toured regularly.", "Q235525": "Mary Henrietta Kingsley (13 October 1862 \u2013 3 June 1900) was an English ethnographer, scientific writer, and explorer whose travels throughout West Africa and resulting work helped shape European perceptions of African cultures and British imperialism.", "Q1811722": "Anton Alfred Newcombe (born August 29, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, producer, and founder of the music group The Brian Jonestown Massacre.\nNewcombe was the subject of the 2004 documentary film Dig!, along with Portland, Oregon alternative rock band The Dandy Warhols.", "Q273570": "The \u00c9cole Nationale des Chartes (French: \u00c9cole nationale des chartes, literally National School of Charters) is a French grande \u00e9cole and a constituent college of PSL Research University specialised in historical sciences. It was founded in 1821 and was located first at the National Archives, then at the Palais de la Sorbonne (5th arrondissement). In October 2014, it moved to 65 rue de Richelieu, opposite the Richelieu-Louvois site of the National Library of France. The school is administered by the Ministry of National Education, Higher Education and Research. It holds the status of grand \u00e9tablissement. Its students, who are recruited by competitive examination and hold the status of trainee civil servant, receive the qualification of archivist-paleographer after completing a thesis. They generally go on to follow careers as heritage curators in the archive and visual fields, as library curators or as lecturers and researchers in the human and social sciences. In 2005, the school also introduced master's degrees, for which students were recruited based on an application file, and, in 2011, doctorates.", "Q25760": "Terminal Velocity is a 1994 American action film directed by Deran Sarafian, written by David Twohy, and starring Charlie Sheen, Nastassja Kinski, James Gandolfini, and Christopher McDonald. It follows a daredevil skydiver (Sheen) who is caught up in a criminal plot by Russian mobsters (Gandolfini and McDonald), forcing him to team up with a freelance secret agent (Kinski) in order to survive. It was one of two skydiving-themed action films released in the fourth quarter of 1994 (the other being Paramount Pictures' Drop Zone), and received mostly negative reviews from critics.", "Q204920": "The Crown of Aragon (; Aragonese: Corona d'Arag\u00f3n; Catalan: Corona d'Arag\u00f3; Spanish: Corona de Arag\u00f3n) was a composite monarchy, also nowadays referred to as a confederation of individual polities or kingdoms ruled by one king, with a personal and dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona. At the height of its power in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a thalassocracy controlling a large portion of present-day eastern Spain, parts of what is now southern France, and a Mediterranean \"empire\" which included the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta, Southern Italy (from 1442) and parts of Greece (until 1388). The component realms of the Crown were not united politically except at the level of the king, who ruled over each autonomous polity according to its own laws, raising funds under each tax structure, dealing separately with each Corts or Cortes. Put in contemporary terms, it has sometimes been considered that the different lands of the Crown of Aragon (mainly the Kingdom of Aragon, the Principality of Catalonia and the Kingdom of Valencia) functioned more as a confederation than as a single kingdom. In this sense, the larger Crown of Aragon must not be confused with one of its constituent parts, the Kingdom of Aragon, from which it takes its name.\nIn 1469, a new dynastic familial union of the Crown of Aragon with the Crown of Castile by the Catholic Monarchs, joining what contemporaries referred to as \"the Spains\", led to what would become the Kingdom of Spain under King Philip II. The Crown existed until it was abolished by the Nueva Planta decrees issued by King Philip V in 1716 as a consequence of the defeat of Archduke Charles (as Charles III of Aragon) in the War of the Spanish Succession.", "Q1848657": "The University of Tulsa (TU) is a private research university in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It has an historic affiliation with the Presbyterian Church and the campus architectural style is predominantly Collegiate Gothic.\nThe University of Tulsa manages the Gilcrease Museum, which includes one of the largest collections of American Western art and indigenous American artifacts in the world. In 2016, Tulsa acquired The Bob Dylan Archive and is developing a museum nearby in downtown Tulsa to display pieces from this collection. TU also hosts the Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature, founded by former TU professor and noted feminist critic Germaine Greer (now at the University of Cambridge).\nTU's athletic teams are collectively known as the Tulsa Golden Hurricane and compete in Division I of the NCAA as members of the American Athletic Conference (The American).", "Q446790": "Oya Baydar (born 1940) is a Turkish sociologist and writer. For a long time she was involved in socialist politics.", "Q936826": "Sk\u00ebnder Hyseni (Serbo-Croatian: Skender Hiseni) (born 17 February 1955 in Podujevo) is a Kosovar Albanian politician who is a former Minister of Internal Affairs and a former foreign minister of Kosovo. Hyseni graduated at the University of Pristina, branch of English Language and Literature in 1979. Hyseni stayed for a short period of time for study purposes in Bloomsburg State College-USA (1978) and in Aberdeen University-Scotland (1986).\nHe was nominated as a Foreign Minister on 3 March 2008. and held the position until 18 October 2010, when he was replaced by Vlora \u00c7itaku. Before holding this position he was the Minister of Culture, Youth, Sport and Non-Residential Affairs in the same government. Hysen had also served as a spokesman for the government and for Kosovan negotiators before the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence.", "Q550858": "Irena Karpa (Ukrainian: \u0406\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430; born 8 December 1980 in Cherkasy) is a Ukrainian writer, journalist, and singer.", "Q47683": "Giuseppe Piero \"Beppe\" Grillo (Italian: [\u02c8b\u025bppe \u02c8\u0261rillo]; born 21 July 1948) is an Italian comedian, actor, blogger, and politician.\nHe has been involved in politics since 2009 as the co-founder (together with Gianroberto Casaleggio) of the Italian Five Star Movement political party. Grillo became one of the most prominent example of the populist surge which arose in Europe during the 2010s.", "Q593": "A Gang Story (French: Les Lyonnais) is a 2011 French drama film directed by Olivier Marchal.", "Q123499": "Paul Nizon (born 19 December 1929 in Bern) is a Swiss art historian and writer.The son of a Russian chemist and a Swiss mother, after leaving school he studied history of art, classical archaeology and German language and literature in the universities of Berne and Munich. He obtained his doctorate in 1957 with a thesis on Vincent van Gogh. He worked as an assistant at the Historisches Museum in Berne up to 1959. In 1960 he was awarded a scholarship at the Swiss Institute in Rome. In 1961 he was a leading art critic of the Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung. Since 1962 Nizon, who has lived in Paris since 1977, has been a freelance writer. He has held various guest lectureships, including in 1984 in the University of Frankfurt am Main and 1987 in Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. Paul Nizon's estate is archived in the Swiss Literary Archives in Bern.", "Q186757": "Seth Benjamin Green (born Seth Benjamin Gesshel-Green; February 8, 1974) is an American actor, voice artist, comedian, producer, writer and director. He is known as a co-creator, executive producer, and most frequent voice on Adult Swim's Robot Chicken and has also directed the Robot Chicken Star Wars and DC Comics specials.\nGreen has appeared in the films Radio Days, My Stepmother Is an Alien, Airborne, the Austin Powers series, Can't Hardly Wait, The Italian Job, Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed, Without a Paddle, Guardians of the Galaxy, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, and The Lego Batman Movie. He is also known for his roles as Daniel \"Oz\" Osbourne on Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel, voicing Chris Griffin on Fox's Family Guy, and Jeff \"Joker\" Moreau in the Mass Effect video games.\nIn 2019, he released his first film as writer and director, titled Changeland.", "Q67553": "Hermann Wilhelm Ebel (10 May 1820 \u2013 19 August 1875) was a German philologist.", "Q196544": "Aligarh Muslim University (abbreviated as AMU) is a public central university in Aligarh, India, which was originally established by Syed Ahmad Khan as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875. Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920, following the Aligarh Muslim University Act. It has three off-campus centres in Malappuram (Kerala), AMU Murshidabad centre (West Bengal), and Kishanganj Centre (Bihar).\nThe university offers more than 300 courses in traditional and modern branches of education, and is an institute of national importance, under the declared under seventh schedule of the Constitution of India at its commencement. \nThe university has been ranked 801-1000 in the QS World University Rankings of 2018, and 18 in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework in 2017. Various clubs and societies function under the aegis of the university and it has various notable academicians, literary figures, politicians, jurists, lawyers, sportsperson, among others as its alumni.", "Q643644": "Johan Wigmore Fabricius (24 August 1899 \u2013 21 June 1981) was a Dutch writer, journalist and adventurer.\nFabricius was born in Bandung, Java. He wrote approximately 60 books, among them many books for children, including De Scheepsjongens van Bontekoe (1924), which was reprinted 28 times as of 2003.", "Q57490": "Theodor Gilbert Morell (22 July 1886 \u2013 26 May 1948) was a German doctor known for acting as Adolf Hitler's personal physician. Morell was well known in Germany for his unconventional treatments. He assisted Hitler daily in virtually everything he did for several years and was beside Hitler until the last stages of the Battle of Berlin.\nMorell was granted high awards by Hitler, and became a multi-millionaire from business deals with the Nazi government made possible by his status.", "Q78473": "Ernst Kaltenbrunner (4 October 1903 \u2013 16 October 1946) was a high-ranking Austrian SS official during the Nazi era and a major perpetrator of the Holocaust. An SS-Obergruppenf\u00fchrer, he was Chief of the Reich Main Security Office (which, included the offices of Gestapo, Kripo, and SD) from January 1943 until the end of World War II in Europe.\nKaltenbrunner joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in 1930 and the SS in 1931, and by 1935 he was considered a leader of the Austrian SS. In 1938, Kaltenbrunner assisted in the Anschluss and was given command of the SS and police force in Austria. In January 1943, Kaltenbrunner was appointed chief of the RSHA, succeeding Reinhard Heydrich, who was assassinated in June 1942. A committed anti-Semite and fanatical Hitler loyalist, Kaltenbrunner oversaw a period in which the genocide of Jews intensified.\nKaltenbrunner was the highest-ranking member of the SS to face trial at the first Nuremberg trials, where he was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity. He was sentenced to death and executed by hanging in October 1946.", "Q77740": "Lotte H. Eisner (5 March 1896, in Berlin \u2013 25 November 1983, in Paris) was a German-French writer, film critic, archivist and curator. Eisner worked initially as a film critic in Berlin, then in Paris where in 1936 she met Henri Langlois with whom she founded the Cin\u00e9math\u00e8que Fran\u00e7aise.", "Q270079": "Pamela Jayne Soles (n\u00e9e Hardon; born July 17, 1950) is a German-born American actress. She made her film debut in 1976 as Norma Watson in Brian De Palma's Carrie (1976) before portraying Lynda van der Klok in John Carpenter's Halloween (1978) and Riff Randell in Allan Arkush's Rock 'n' Roll High School (1979).\nShe has since appeared in a variety of films including Breaking Away (1979), Private Benjamin (1980), Stripes (1981), Sweet Dreams (1985), Jawbreaker (1999) and cult classics like The Devil's Rejects (2005) and Beg.", "Q7895974": "The University of North Texas College of Music, based in Denton, is a comprehensive music school among the largest enrollment of any music institution accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music. It developed the first jazz studies program in the nation, and it remains one of the top schools for Jazz. As one of thirteen colleges and schools at the University of North Texas, it has been among the largest music institutions of higher learning in North America since the 1940s. North Texas has been a member of the National Association of Schools of Music for 81 years. Since the 1970s, approximately one-third of all North Texas music students have been enrolled at the graduate level. Music at North Texas dates back to the founding of the university in 1890 when Eliza Jane McKissack, its founding director, structured it as a conservatory.", "Q105338": "Geert Wilders (Dutch: [\u02c8\u0263e\u02d0rt \u02c8\u028b\u026ald\u0259rs]; born 6 September 1963) is a Dutch politician. He has been Leader of the Party for Freedom (Partij voor de Vrijheid \u2013 PVV) since he founded it in 2006. Wilders is the parliamentary leader of his party in the House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer). In the 2010 formation of the Rutte cabinet, a minority cabinet of VVD and CDA, he actively participated in the negotiations, resulting in a \"tolerance agreement\" (gedoogakkoord) between the PVV and these parties, but withdrew his support in April 2012, citing disagreements with the cabinet on proposed budget cuts. Wilders is best known for his criticism of Islam; his views have made him a controversial figure in the Netherlands and abroad, and since 2004 he has been protected at all times by armed bodyguards.Raised a Roman Catholic, Wilders left the church at his coming of age. His travels to Israel and the greater Middle East as a young adult helped form his political views. Wilders worked as a speechwriter for the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie \u2013 VVD), and later served as parliamentary assistant to party leader Frits Bolkestein from 1990 to 1998. He was elected to the municipal council of Utrecht in 1997, and one year later to the House of Representatives. Citing irreconcilable differences over the party's position on the accession of Turkey to the European Union, he left the VVD in 2004 to form his own party, the Party for Freedom.\nWilders has campaigned to stop what he views as the \"Islamisation of the Netherlands\". He has compared the Quran to Mein Kampf and has campaigned to have the book banned in the Netherlands. He advocates ending immigration from Muslim countries, and supports banning the construction of new mosques. Wilders was a speaker at the Facing Jihad Conference held in Israel in 2008, which discussed the dangers of jihad, and has called for a hard line against what he called \"street terror\" exerted by minorities in Dutch cities. His controversial 2008 film featuring his views on Islam, Fitna, received international attention and extreme criticism. His party was also sued due to content being used in his film without permission. He has been described in the media as populist and labeled far-right. Wilders, who long refused to align himself with European far-right leaders such as Jean-Marie Le Pen and J\u00f6rg Haider and expressed concern about being \"linked with the wrong rightist fascist groups\", views himself as a right-wing liberal. More recently, however, Wilders worked together with the French National Front's Marine Le Pen in an initially ill-fated, but eventually successful attempt to form a parliamentary group in the European Parliament which now includes parties from nine countries, among them Austria's Freedom Party, Italy's Northern League, and Belgium's Flemish Interest.Geert Wilders has been charged in relation to incitement multiple times. Wilders was first accused of criminally insulting religious and ethnic groups and inciting hatred and discrimination. He was found not guilty in June 2011. In 2016, he landed in court again and was found guilty of incitement and encouraging discrimination against Moroccans, but faced no punishment.", "Q655026": "J\u00f3zef Koffler (28 November 1896 \u2013 1944) was a Polish composer, music teacher, musicologist and musical columnist.\nHe was the first Polish composer living before the Second World War to apply the twelve-tone composition technique (dodecaphony).\n\n", "Q28244": "Amharic ( or ; (Amharic: \u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b), Amar\u0259\u00f1\u00f1a, IPA: [amar\u0268\u0272\u02d0a] (listen)) is one of the Ethiopian Semitic languages, which are a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is spoken as a first language by the Amharas and as a lingua franca by other populations residing in major cities and towns of Ethiopia.\nThe Amharic language possibly originated as result of a pidginization process with a Cushitic substratum and a Semitic superstratum to enable communication between people who spoke a mix of different languages . This pidginization of the new language had enabled the soldiers to create communication means independent of the church which used the Ge\u02bdez language.\nThe language serves as the working language of Ethiopia, and is also the working language of several of the states within the Ethiopian federal system. With 21,811,600 total speakers as of 2007, including around 4,000,000 L2 speakers, Amharic is the second-most commonly spoken Semitic language in the world, after Arabic.Amharic is written left-to-right using a system that grew out of the Ge'ez script. The writing system is called Fid\u00e4l (\u134a\u12f0\u120d) in Ethiopian Semitic languages. Fid\u00e4l means \"script\", \"alphabet\", \"letter\", or \"character\" or abugida (\u12a0\u1261\u130a\u12f3), from the first four symbols. The modern linguistic term abugida originates from the Ethiopian word.There is no agreed way of romanising Amharic into Latin script. The Amharic examples in the sections below use one system that is common, though not universal, among linguists specialising in Ethiopian Semitic languages.", "Q276408": "Kiana Tom (born March 14, 1965) is an American television host, fitness expert, author, actress, and businesswoman. She is best known as the hostess and creator of Kiana's Flex Appeal on ESPN.", "Q3940300": "Rolf Bj\u00f8rn Backe (21 November 1934 \u2013 11 September 2012) was a Norwegian footballer, bandy player and business person. He was born in Gj\u00f8vik. He became Norwegian cup champion with the club SK Gj\u00f8vik-Lyn in 1962, scoring twice in the final. He played 18 matches for the national football team.", "Q444187": "Cynthia Stevenson (born August 2, 1962) is an American actress. She first played a leading role in the syndicated parody comedy series My Talk Show (1990-91), before starring in a number of sitcoms, including Bob (CBS, 1992-93), Hope & Gloria (NBC, 1995-96), and Oh Baby (Lifetime, 1998-2000).\nStevenson made her big screen debut in the 1992 comedy film The Player. She later has appeared in a number of films including Forget Paris (1995), Home for the Holidays (1995), Happiness (1998), Air Bud: Golden Receiver (1998) and its sequels, and Agent Cody Banks (2003) and its sequel. Stevenson also starred in the Showtime comedy-drama Dead Like Me (2003-04) and ABC comedy-drama Men in Trees (2006-08).", "Q707774": "Coronary thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel of the heart. This blood clot restricts blood flow within the heart. It is associated with narrowing of blood vessels subsequent to clotting. The condition is considered as a type of ischaemic heart disease.\nThrombosis in the heart can lead to a myocardial infarction. Coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction are sometimes used as synonyms, although this is technically inaccurate as the thrombosis refers to the blocking of blood vessels, while the infarction refers to the tissue death due to the consequent loss of blood flow to the heart tissue. The heart contains many connecting blood vessels, and depending upon the location of the thrombosis, the infarction may cause no symptoms. Coronary thrombosis is caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup of cholesterol and fats in the artery walls. The blood will clot because there is not enough room for it to flow. The main causes of coronary thrombosis are high LDL cholesterol, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and hypertension. Symptoms are sharp pains around the chest area, breathing difficulties, dizziness, and fainting. This is treated by taking aspirin, nitrates, or beta blockers.\nCoronary thrombosis can be a complication associated with drug-eluting stents.", "Q201858": "Joseph Alexander Altsheler (April 29, 1862 \u2013 June 5, 1919) was an American newspaper reporter, editor and author of popular juvenile historical fiction. He was a prolific writer, and produced fifty-one novels and at least fifty-three short stories. Thirty-two of his novels were part of his seven series:\n\nThe Civil War Series (8 volumes)\nThe French and Indian War Series (6 volumes)\nThe Gold Series (2 volumes)\nThe Great West Series (2 volumes)\nThe Texan Series (3 volumes)\nThe World War Series (3 volumes)\nThe Young Trailers Series (8 volumes)Although each of the thirty-two novels constitutes an independent story, Altsheler suggested a reading order for each series (i.e., he numbered the volumes). The remaining nineteen novels can be read in any order. [Note, however, that A Knight of Philadelphia was later expanded through the addition of nineteen chapters and some minor tweaks to become Mr. Altsheler's novel In Hostile Red.]\nThe short stories, of course, can be read in any order. However, some readers might prefer to read them in the order in which they were published. The short story list below is displayed in chronological order with the publication dates shown alongside the titles.", "Q77998": "Alfred Meissner (15 October 1821, Teplitz \u2013 29 May 1885, Bregenz) was an Austrian poet.\n\n", "Q40852": "Edward Jenner, (17 May 1749 \u2013 26 January 1823) was an English physician who was a contributor to development of the smallpox vaccine. The practice of vaccination was popularized by Jenner, and since then has been used ubiquitously to prevent several diseases. The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 in the long title of his Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae known as the Cow Pox, in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox.Jenner is often called a pioneer of immunization. Using a method valid in immunology before the discovery of germ theory, his work saved many lives. In Jenner's time, smallpox killed around 10% of the British population, with the number as high as 20% in towns and cities where infection spread more easily. In 1821, he was appointed physician extraordinary to King George IV, and was also made mayor of Berkeley and justice of the peace. A member of the Royal Society, in the field of zoology he was the first person to describe the brood parasitism of the common cuckoo. In 2002, Jenner was named in the BBC's list of the 100 Greatest Britons.\n\n", "Q526070": "Jes Brieden (born May 10, 1974), known simply as Jes (stylized as JES), is an American singer, songwriter, producer, composer, and DJ from New York. She is a co-founder of the US dance band Motorcycle, who released the world-famous song \"As the Rush Comes\" in 2003.", "Q27611": "Central America (Spanish: Am\u00e9rica Central, pronounced [a\u02ccme\u027eika sen\u02c8t\u027eal] (listen), Centroam\u00e9rica pronounced [sent\u027eoa\u02c8me\u027eika] (listen)) is a region in the southern tip of North America and is sometimes defined as a subregion of the Americas. This region is bordered by Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south. Central America consists of seven countries: El Salvador, Costa Rica, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama. The combined population of Central America is estimated at 44.53 million (2016).Central America is a part of the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, which extends from northern Guatemala to central Panama. Due to the presence of several active geologic faults and the Central America Volcanic Arc, there is a great deal of seismic activity in the region, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, which has resulted in death, injury and property damage.\nIn the Pre-Columbian era, Central America was inhabited by the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica to the north and west and the Isthmo-Colombian peoples to the south and east. Following the Spanish expedition of Christopher Columbus' voyages to the Americas, Spain began to colonize the Americas. From 1609 to 1821, the majority of Central American territories (except for what would become Belize and Panama, and including the modern Mexican state of Chiapas) were governed by the viceroyalty of New Spain from Mexico City as the Captaincy General of Guatemala. On 24 August 1821, Spanish Viceroy Juan de O'Donoj\u00fa signed the Treaty of C\u00f3rdoba, which established New Spain's independence from Spain. On 15 September 1821, the Act of Independence of Central America was enacted to announce Central America's separation from the Spanish Empire and provide for the establishment of a new Central American state. Some of New Spain's provinces in the Central American region (i.e. what would become Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica) were annexed to the First Mexican Empire; however, in 1823 they seceded from Mexico to form the Federal Republic of Central America until 1838.\nIn 1838, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica and Guatemala became the first of Central America's seven states to become independent autonomous countries, followed by El Salvador in 1841, Panama in 1903 and Belize in 1981. Despite the dissolution of the Federal Republic of Central America, there is anecdotal evidence that demonstrates that Salvadorans, Panamanians, Costa Ricans, Guatemalans, Hondurans and Nicaraguans continue to maintain a Central American identity. For instance, Central Americans sometimes refer to their nations as if they were provinces of a Central American state. It is not unusual to write \"C.A.\" after the country's name in formal and informal contexts. Governments in the region sometimes reinforce this sense of belonging to Central America in its citizens. For example, automobile licence plates in many of the region's countries include the moniker, Centroamerica, alongside the country's name. Belizeans are mostly associated to be culturally West Indian rather than Central American.", "Q240804": "Mute Records Ltd. is a British independent record label owned and founded in 1978 by Daniel Miller. It has featured several prominent musical acts on its roster such as Depeche Mode, Erasure, Fad Gadget, Goldfrapp, Grinderman, Inspiral Carpets, Moby, New Order, Nitzer Ebb, Wire, Yeasayer, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Yazoo, and M83.", "Q70991": "Hildegard of Bingen (German: Hildegard von Bingen; Latin: Hildegardis Bingensis; 1098 \u2013 17 September 1179), also known as Saint Hildegard and the Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess, writer, composer, philosopher, Christian mystic, visionary, and polymath. She is one of the best-known composers of sacred monophony, as well as the most-recorded in modern history. She has been considered by many in Europe to be the founder of scientific natural history in Germany.Hildegard's fellow nuns elected her as magistra in 1136; she founded the monasteries of Rupertsberg in 1150 and Eibingen in 1165. She wrote theological, botanical, and medicinal texts, as well as letters, liturgical songs for women choirs to sing and poems, while supervising miniature illuminations in the Rupertsberg manuscript of her first work, Scivias. There are more surviving chants by Hildegard than by any other composer from the entire Middle Ages, and she is one of the few known composers to have written both the music and the words. One of her works, the Ordo Virtutum, is an early example of liturgical drama and arguably the oldest surviving morality play. She is also noted for the invention of a constructed language known as Lingua Ignota.\nAlthough the history of her formal canonization is complicated, branches of the Roman Catholic Church have recognized her as a saint for centuries. On 10 May 2012, Pope Benedict XVI extended the liturgical cult of St. Hildegard to the entire Catholic Church in a process known as \"equivalent canonization\". On 7 October 2012, he named her a Doctor of the Church, in recognition of \"her holiness of life and the originality of her teaching.\"", "Q41594": "Christina Mar\u00eda Aguilera (, Spanish: [a\u0263i\u02c8le\u027ea]; born December 18, 1980) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and television personality. Her accolades include five Grammy Awards, one Latin Grammy Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Aguilera ranked at number 58 on Rolling Stone's list of 100 Greatest Singers of All Time in 2008, and was included on Time's annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2013. With estimated sales of 75 million records, she is one of the world's best-selling music artists.Born in Staten Island of New York City and raised in Pennsylvania, Aguilera appeared on television shows in her early years, before gaining a recording contract with RCA Records in 1998. Her self-titled debut album, released in 1999, reached number one in the US and spawned three US number-one singles: \"Genie in a Bottle\", \"What a Girl Wants\", and \"Come On Over Baby (All I Want Is You)\". While recognized as a prominent figure in the contemporary teen pop scene, Aguilera sought to assume artistic control with Stripped (2002) and its lead single \"Dirrty\", which displayed her sexually emancipated persona and generated considerable controversy. The second single from the album, \"Beautiful\", received favorable response for its empowering lyrics and became an anthem for the LGBT community.\nAguilera scored her second US number-one album with Back to Basics (2006), which drew inspiration from early 20th-century jazz, soul, and blues, and spawned the top-ten singles \"Ain't No Other Man\", \"Hurt\", and \"Candyman\". Her next three albums, Bionic (2010), Lotus (2012), and Liberation (2018), all experimented with various musical styles and reached the top ten in the US. Besides solo materials, Aguilera earned chart-topping entries with collaborations including \"Lady Marmalade\", \"Moves like Jagger\", \"Feel This Moment\", and \"Say Something\". Alongside her music career, Aguilera starred in the film Burlesque (2010) and was a coach on six seasons of the singing competition television series The Voice from 2011 to 2016.", "Q237454": "Marta Fran Kauffman (born September 21, 1956) is an American writer and TV producer, best known as the co-creator of the popular sitcom Friends, alongside David Crane. Both Kauffman and Crane were also executive producers of the show, along with Kevin Bright. Kauffman and Crane also produced Veronica's Closet, starring Kirstie Alley, and Jesse, starring Christina Applegate. From 2005\u20132006 she was an executive producer on Related. Both writers were the creators of the 1990 HBO series Dream On. Marta Kauffman also studied Acting at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theater in New York City.", "Q104740": "Radom (UK: RAH-dom, Polish: [\u02c8rad\u0254m] (listen); Yiddish: \u05e8\u05d0\u05b8\u05d3\u05e2\u05dd\u200e, romanized: Rodem) is a city in east-central Poland, located 100 kilometres (62 miles) south of Poland's capital, Warsaw, on the Mleczna River, in (as of 1999) the Masovian Voivodeship, having previously been the capital of Radom Voivodeship (1975\u20131998). Despite being part of the Masovian Voivodeship, the city historically belongs to Lesser Poland. For centuries, Radom was part of the Sandomierz Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland and the later Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was an important center of administration, having served as seat of the Crown Council. The Pact of Vilnius and Radom was signed there in 1401, and the Nihil novi and \u0141aski's Statute were adopted by the Sejm at Radom's Royal Castle in 1505. In 1976, it was a center of anti Communist street protests. Radom is the fourteenth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest in the voivodeship with a population of 213,029 as of 2018, down from 221,066 in 2011.The city is home to the biennial Radom Air Show, the largest and best-attended air show in Poland, held during the last weekend of August. \"Radom\" is also the popular unofficial name for a semiautomatic 9 mm Para pistol of Polish design (the Model 35/ViS-35) which was produced from 1935 to 1944 at the national arsenal located in the city, under the directorship of Kazimierz O\u0142dakowski, after whom a square in Radom is named. The \u0141ucznik Arms Factory (still located in Radom) continues to produce modern military firearms.\nThe international Radom Jazz Festival and the International Gombrowicz Theater Festival are held in the city.", "Q92914": "Klaus Samelson (December 21, 1918 \u2013 May 25, 1980) was a German mathematician, physicist, and computer pioneer in the area of programming language translation and push-pop stack algorithms for sequential formula translation on computers.", "Q221236": "Star Trek: First Contact is a 1996 American science fiction film directed by Jonathan Frakes (in his motion picture directorial debut) and based on the franchise Star Trek. It is the eighth film in the Star Trek film series, as well as the second to star the cast of Star Trek: The Next Generation. In the film, the crew of the USS Enterprise-E travel back in time from the 24th century to the mid-21st century in order to stop the cybernetic Borg from conquering Earth by changing their past.\nAfter the release of Star Trek Generations in 1994, Paramount Pictures tasked writers Brannon Braga and Ronald D. Moore with developing the next film in the series. Braga and Moore wanted to feature the Borg in the plot, while producer Rick Berman wanted a story involving time travel. The writers combined the two ideas; they initially set the film during the European Renaissance, but changed the time period that the Borg corrupted to the mid-21st century, after fearing the Renaissance idea would be \"too kitsch\". After two better-known directors turned down the job, cast member Jonathan Frakes was chosen to direct to make sure the task fell to someone who understood Star Trek.\nThe film's script required the creation of new starship designs, including a new USS Enterprise. Production designer Herman Zimmerman and illustrator John Eaves collaborated to make a sleeker ship than its predecessor. Principal photography began with weeks of location shooting in Arizona and California, before production moved to new sets for the ship-based scenes. The Borg were redesigned to appear as though they were converted into machine beings from the inside-out; the new makeup sessions took four times as long as their appearances on the television series. Effects company Industrial Light & Magic rushed to complete the film's special effects in less than five months. Traditional optical effects techniques were supplemented with computer-generated imagery. Jerry Goldsmith and his son Joel collaborated to produce the film's score, though only Jerry was credited.\nStar Trek: First Contact was released on November 22, 1996, and was the highest-grossing film on its opening weekend. It eventually made $92 million in the United States and Canada with an additional $54 million in other territories, combining a worldwide total of $146 million. Critical reception was mostly positive; critics including Roger Ebert considered it to be one of the best Star Trek films, and it was the most positively reviewed film in the franchise (93% of reviews were positive) until being marginally surpassed (94%) by the 2009 reboot film. The Borg and the special effects were lauded, while characterization was less evenly received. Scholarly analysis of the film has focused on Captain Jean-Luc Picard's parallels to Herman Melville's Ahab and the nature of the Borg. First Contact was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Makeup and won three Saturn Awards. It was followed by Star Trek: Insurrection in 1998.", "Q31073": "Walter Leland Cronkite Jr. (November 4, 1916 \u2013 July 17, 2009) was an American broadcast journalist who served as anchorman for the CBS Evening News for 19 years (1962\u20131981). During the 1960s and 1970s, he was often cited as \"the most trusted man in America\" after being so named in an opinion poll.He reported many events from 1937 to 1981, including bombings in World War II; the Nuremberg trials; combat in the Vietnam War; the Dawson's Field hijackings; Watergate; the Iran Hostage Crisis; and the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy, civil rights pioneer Martin Luther King Jr., and Beatles musician John Lennon.\nHe was also known for his extensive coverage of the U.S. space program, from Project Mercury to the Moon landings to the Space Shuttle. He was the only non-NASA recipient of an Ambassador of Exploration award.Cronkite is known for his departing catchphrase, \"And that's the way it is\", followed by the date of the broadcast.", "Q163903": "10.5: Apocalypse is a 2006 television miniseries written and directed by John Lafia. A sequel to 2004's 10.5, the show follows a series of catastrophic seismic disasters including earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and sinkholes, all triggered by an apocalyptic earthquake. The series was produced in Canada. It received primarily negative reviews.", "Q99841": "Karl-Heinz Smuda (born January 24, 1961 in Eschweiler) is a German radio-journalist, media-expert, ghostwriter and major in the German Air Force.\nHe was speaker of the NATO detachment in Siauliai and the German detachment of EUFOR RD Congo in Kinshasa/ DR Congo.", "Q205380": "Greenwich Village ( GREN-itch, GRIN-, -\u2060ij), often referred to by locals as simply \"the Village\", is a neighborhood on the west side of Manhattan, New York City, within Lower Manhattan. Broadly, Greenwich Village is bounded by 14th Street to the north, Broadway to the east, Houston Street to the south, and the Hudson River to the west. Greenwich Village also contains several subsections, including the West Village west of Seventh Avenue and the Meatpacking District in the northwest corner of Greenwich Village.\nThe neighborhood's name comes from Groenwijck, one of the Dutch names for the village (meaning \"Green District\"), which was Anglicized to Greenwich. In the 20th century, Greenwich Village was known as an artists' haven, the Bohemian capital, the cradle of the modern LGBT movement, and the East Coast birthplace of both the Beat and '60s counterculture movements. Greenwich Village contains Washington Square Park, as well as two of New York's private colleges, New York University (NYU) and the New School.Greenwich Village is part of Manhattan Community District 2 and is patrolled by the 6th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Greenwich Village has undergone extensive gentrification and commercialization; the four ZIP codes that constitute the Village \u2013 10011, 10012, 10003, and 10014 \u2013 were all ranked among the ten most expensive in the United States by median housing price in 2014, according to Forbes, with residential property sale prices in the West Village neighborhood typically exceeding US$2,100 per square foot ($23,000/m2) in 2017.", "Q185538": "Constans (Latin: Flavius Julius Constans Augustus; Greek: \u039a\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u02b9; c. 323 \u2013 350) or Constans I was Roman Emperor from 337 to 350. He defeated his brother Constantine II in 340, but anger in the army over his personal life (homosexuality) and favouritism towards his barbarian bodyguards led the general Magnentius to rebel, resulting in the assassination of Constans in 350.", "Q149640": "Hossam el-Hamalawy (Egyptian Arabic: \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0649\u200e, IPA: [\u0127o\u02c8s\u00e6\u02d0m el\u0127\u00e6m\u00e6\u02c8l\u00e6\u02d0wi]; AKA 3arabawy \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0649, [\u0295\u0251\u027e\u02e4\u0251\u02c8b\u0251\u02d0wi]; born 14 July 1977) is an Egyptian journalist, blogger, photographer and socialist activist. He is a member of the Revolutionary Socialists and the Center for Socialist Studies.\n\n", "Q310941": "Michael Kiske (born January 24, 1968) is a German singer best known as the lead vocalist for the German power metal band Helloween. After his departure from the band in 1993, Kiske recorded four solo albums, participated on various metal and rock related projects, such as Avantasia, Place Vendome and Kiske/Somerville, while he also performed with numerous bands as a guest vocalist. In late 2009, he formed the hard rock / heavy metal band Unisonic and began touring again after 17 years of absence. In October 2016, Kiske joined Helloween and Kai Hansen for the Pumpkins United World Tour that continued through 2017 and 2018. A live recording of the Helloween tour entitled United Alive and United Alive in Madrid was released in 2019 and a new Helloween album with Kiske and Hansen is planned for 2020.\n\n", "Q273216": "Maureen Therese McGovern (born July 27, 1949) is an American singer and Broadway actress, well known for her renditions of the songs \"The Morning After\" from the 1972 film The Poseidon Adventure; \"We May Never Love Like This Again\" from The Towering Inferno in 1974; and her #1 Billboard adult contemporary hit \"Different Worlds\", the theme song from the television series Angie.", "Q299817": "Sharon Clark (born October 15, 1943, in Seminole, Oklahoma) is an American model and actress. She is Playboys Playmate of the Month for August 1970. Her centerfold was photographed by William Figge and Ed DeLong.", "Q3462528": "John C. Traupman (January 2, 1923 \u2013 February 18, 2019) was an American Professor Emeritus at the Saint Joseph's University, of classics.", "Q107249": "Anthony Marcus Shalhoub ( sh\u0259l-HOOB; born October 9, 1953) is an American actor. He is widely recognized for his work as a character actor, having won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy, two Screen Actors Guild Awards and four Primetime Emmy Awards. For his work on Broadway, he has four Tony nominations, winning a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical for his performance as Tewfiq Zakaria in The Band's Visit.\nHis television work includes Antonio Scarpacci in NBC sitcom Wings and detective Adrian Monk in the USA TV series Monk. Shalhoub currently plays Abe Weissman, the father of the title character, on Amazon's The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel.\nHe has also had a successful film career, with roles in films such as taxi driver in Quick Change (1990), Barton Fink (1991), Big Night (1996), Men in Black (1997), Paulie (1998), The Siege (1998), Galaxy Quest (1999), Spy Kids, Thirteen Ghosts, The Man Who Wasn't There (all 2001) and 1408 (2007). He has also provided voice-work for the Cars franchise (2006-2017), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014) and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows (2016).", "Q505871": "Benjamin Ricketson Tucker (; April 17, 1854 \u2013 June 22, 1939) was an American anarchist and socialist.\nA 19th-century proponent of individualist anarchism which he called \"unterrified Jeffersonianism\", Tucker was the editor and publisher of the American individualist anarchist periodical Liberty (1881\u20131908) as well as a member of the socialist First International.\nTucker harshly opposed state socialism and was a supporter of libertarian socialism which he termed anarchist or anarchistic socialism as well as a follower of mutualism. He connected the classical economics of Adam Smith and the Ricardian socialists as well as that of Josiah Warren, Karl Marx and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon to socialism. Later in his life, Tucker converted to Max Stirner's egoism.\n\n", "Q272108": "Jamie Michelle Luner (born May 12, 1971) is an American actress who first came to prominence on the ABC sitcom Just the Ten of Us, but is perhaps better known for her role as Lexi Sterling on Melrose Place. She also starred on television as Rachel Burke in the final season of Profiler. Luner portrayed Liza Colby on the ABC soap opera All My Children from April 2009 until its final episode on September 23, 2011. Luner is also well known for her lead roles in many Lifetime movies.", "Q291293": "Pamela Helen Stephenson, Lady Connolly (born 4 December 1949), is a New Zealand-born psychologist, writer, and performer who is now a resident in both the United Kingdom and the United States. She is best known for her work as an actress and comedian during the 1980s, particularly in Not the Nine O'Clock News. She has written several books, which include a biography of her husband Sir Billy Connolly, and presented a psychology-based interview show called Shrink Rap on British and Australian television.", "Q1903332": "Martin A. Ryerson (1856\u20131932) was an American, lawyer, businessman, philanthropist and art collector. Heir to a considerable fortune, he was a lumber manufacturer and corporate director. He became the richest man in Chicago by the age of 36. A long-time trustee of the University of Chicago, he made large charitable contributions for the construction of buildings on campus. He bequeathed his extensive art collection to the Art Institute of Chicago.\n\n", "Q101638": "Mary Wollstonecraft (, also UK: ; 27 April 1759 \u2013 10 September 1797) was an English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights. Until the late 20th century, Wollstonecraft's life, which encompassed several unconventional personal relationships at the time, received more attention than her writing. Today Wollstonecraft is regarded as one of the founding feminist philosophers, and feminists often cite both her life and her works as important influences.\nDuring her brief career, she wrote novels, treatises, a travel narrative, a history of the French Revolution, a conduct book, and a children's book. Wollstonecraft is best known for A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), in which she argues that women are not naturally inferior to men, but appear to be only because they lack education. She suggests that both men and women should be treated as rational beings and imagines a social order founded on reason.\nAfter Wollstonecraft's death, her widower published a Memoir (1798) of her life, revealing her unorthodox lifestyle, which inadvertently destroyed her reputation for almost a century. However, with the emergence of the feminist movement at the turn of the twentieth century, Wollstonecraft's advocacy of women's equality and critiques of conventional femininity became increasingly important.\nAfter two ill-fated affairs, with Henry Fuseli and Gilbert Imlay (by whom she had a daughter, Fanny Imlay), Wollstonecraft married the philosopher William Godwin, one of the forefathers of the anarchist movement. Wollstonecraft died at the age of 38 leaving behind several unfinished manuscripts. She died eleven days after giving birth to her second daughter, Mary Shelley, who would become an accomplished writer and author of Frankenstein.", "Q441941": "David Dominick DeLuise (born November 11, 1971) is an American actor and television director, known for his starring roles on Megas XLR and Wizards of Waverly Place.", "Q2600766": "Yoram Dori (born 1950) is a strategic advisor. He served for years as a close advisor for Israel's President Shimon Peres. Dori is the director general of Dori ltd.", "Q506388": "Ottobrunn (German: [\u0254to\u02c8b\u0281\u028an] (listen)) is a municipality southeast of Munich, Bavaria, Germany, founded in 1955. Ottobrunn consists of mainly semi-detached and detached houses, as well as extensive garden areas. Ottobrunn is also the German Headquarters of Airbus Defense and Space (former European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS)), with the majority of Airbus DS grounds situated in the neighbouring community of Taufkirchen. According to the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, the municipality is the second-most densely populated in all of Germany, trailing only Munich, and ahead of Berlin.", "Q180468": "Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi von Nagyr\u00e1polt (Hungarian: nagyr\u00e1polti Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Albert [\u02c8n\u0252\u025fra\u02d0polti \u02c8s\u025b\u0272\u025f\u00f8r\u025fi \u02c8\u0252lb\u025brt]; September 16, 1893 \u2013 October 22, 1986) was a Hungarian biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937. He is credited with first isolating vitamin C and discovering the components and reactions of the citric acid cycle. He was also active in the Hungarian Resistance during World War II and entered Hungarian politics after the war.", "Q271429": "Elisabeth Batiashvili (Georgian: \u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8; born 7 March 1979), professionally known as Lisa Batiashvili, is a prominent Georgian violinist active across Europe and the United States. A former New York Philharmonic artist-in-residence, she is acclaimed for her \"natural elegance, silky sound and the meticulous grace of her articulation.\" Batiashvili makes frequent appearances at high-profile international events; she was the violin soloist at the 2018 Nobel Prize concert.\n\n", "Q1683659": "Daryl Mark Williams (born August 8, 1973), known professionally as Mark Wills, is an American country music artist. Signed to Mercury Records between 1996 and 2003, he released five studio albums for the label \u2013 Mark Wills, Wish You Were Here, Permanently, Loving Every Minute, and And the Crowd Goes Wild \u2013 as well as a greatest hits package. In that same timespan, he charted sixteen singles on the Billboard country charts, all of which made the top 40. After leaving Mercury in 2003, he signed to Equity Music Group and charted three more singles. Two of these were later included on his sixth studio album, Familiar Stranger, which was released on the Tenacity label in 2008.\nOf his albums, Wish You Were Here is the best-selling, with a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America. This album's title track and the late 2002-early 2003 release \"19 Somethin'\" both reached No. 1; on the Hot Country Songs charts. Besides these, six more of his singles have reached top 10 on the chart: his debut single \"Jacob's Ladder\", \"Places I've Never Been\", \"I Do (Cherish You)\", \"Don't Laugh at Me\", \"She's in Love\", and a cover version of Brian McKnight's \"Back at One\". Two songs originally recorded by Wills, \"Somebody\" and \"What Hurts the Most\", were later hit singles for Reba McEntire and Rascal Flatts, respectively.\nOn December 21, 2018, Wills was invited to become the 218th member of the Grand Ole Opry. He was inducted on January 11, 2019.\n\n", "Q172826": "Gerald Ashmore (born 25 July 1936 in West Bromwich, Staffordshire) is a British former motor racing driver from England. He participated in four Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, scoring no championship points.Ashmore started his career in Formula Junior along with his brother Chris, in 1960. Later that year he competed at Zeltweg and Innsbruck, finishing third behind Hans Herrmann and Wolfgang von Trips. In 1961 he moved up to Formula One with a privately run Lotus 18, and scored a second place in the Naples Grand Prix after taking pole position. Later that year he took part in the British Grand Prix but retired after just a few laps. His last appearance in a World Championship event was in his Lotus in 1962 at Monza, when he failed to qualify.\n\n", "Q283867": "Guy Rolfe (born Edwin Arthur Rolfe, 27 December 1911 \u2013 19 October 2003) was a British leading man and later character actor.", "Q79023": "Bed\u0159ich Divi\u0161 Weber (9 October 1766, Velichov, nr. Karlovy Vary \u2013 25 December 1842, Prague), also known by the German form of his name, Friedrich Dionys (or Dionysius) Weber, was a Bohemian composer and musicologist primarily remembered as the first Director of the Prague Conservatory, in whose foundation he played a leading role.\nWeber studied philosophy and law in Prague before turning his attention definitively to music, studying under Abbe Vogler. He became an advocate for the music of Mozart after meeting him in Prague, and his compositions bear evidence of this influence, being firmly rooted in that stylistic period. He was antagonistic towards the work of Beethoven and Carl Maria von Weber (no relation), although an enthusiast for the work of Richard Wagner. In 1832 he conducted the first performance of Wagner's Symphony in C major, a student performance at the Prague Conservatory.\nAs Director of both the Conservatory and the Prague Organ School he effectively controlled higher musical education in the region, so was arguably the most influential figure in the music of Prague at that time. He also wrote several music theory textbooks considered important in their time.\nDespite his conservative style he was happy to explore the possibilities of new instruments, such as his Variationen f\u00fcr das neu erfundene Klappenhorn (Variations for the newly invented keyed bugle). He was a skilled writer for brass instruments and had a particular interest in new developments; he was himself responsible for a form of chromatic horn.\nHis best known surviving work is probably the cantata B\u00f6hmens Errettung. He also composed an opera, K\u00f6nig der Genien, in 1800, and his Variations for Trumpet and Orchestra followed his own experiments with keyed instruments, particularly his keyed horn.\nIn 1823-24, he was one of the 50 composers who composed a variation on a waltz by Anton Diabelli for Vaterl\u00e4ndischer K\u00fcnstlerverein.\nOne of his students, Joseph Kail, introduced the keyed horn to Vienna and went on to develop the double piston Vienna valve horn. It is reported that in 1828 a certain Herr Chlum played the Variations for Trumpet and Orchestra on a chromatic trumpet of Kail's invention, presumably the valve trumpet, making this work the earliest surviving example of such music.", "Q220100": "Choice of Arms (French: Le Choix des armes) is a 1981 French crime film directed by Alain Corneau. The main roles are played by Yves Montand, Catherine Deneuve and Gerard Depardieu. Although in structure a crime film, it is as much a character study of people under stress and an examination of aspects of French society.", "Q374223": "Phillip Rhee (born September 7, 1960) is a Korean American actor, director, martial artist, and film producer, most famous for his role in the Best of the Best movie series.", "Q181776": "Bonnie and Clyde is a 1967 American biographical crime film directed by Arthur Penn and starring Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway as the title characters Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. Also featured were Michael J. Pollard, Gene Hackman, and Estelle Parsons. The screenplay was written by David Newman and Robert Benton. Robert Towne and Beatty provided uncredited contributions to the script; Beatty produced the film. The soundtrack was composed by Charles Strouse.\nBonnie and Clyde is considered one of the first films of the New Hollywood era and a landmark film. It broke many cinematic taboos and for some members of the counterculture, the film was considered to be a \"rallying cry.\" Its success prompted other filmmakers to be more open in presenting sex and violence in their films. The film's ending became iconic as \"one of the bloodiest death scenes in cinematic history.\"The film received Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actress (Estelle Parsons) and Best Cinematography (Burnett Guffey). It was among the first 100 films selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"", "Q433441": "Irina Pantaeva (Russian: \u0418\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430; born 31 October 1967) is a Russian-American model and actress. Pantaeva was born in Ulan-Ude, Buryat ASSR, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.", "Q706324": "Darryl Kevin Richardson (born January 19, 1984), better known by his stage name Lil Scrappy, is an American rapper and record producer.\nRichardson was discovered by producer and performer Lil Jon while performing at a bar in his hometown of Atlanta, Georgia. Along with labelmates Trillville, Lil Scrappy was one of the first signings to Lil Jon's BME Recordings. He has built a strong reputation and eager following throughout the Atlanta hip hop scene and throughout the Southeastern United States through various mixtape releases.", "Q342949": "David Moss (born January 21, 1949 in New York City) is an American composer, percussionist and self-taught vocalist, founder of the David Moss Dense Band; co-founder and artistic director of the Institute for Living Voice, Antwerp. His performances are noted for their innovative style, multimedia approach and improvisation. Moss has lived in Berlin, Germany since 1991, when he received a fellowship from the prestigious Berlin Artist Program of the DAAD.", "Q84186": "Ivan Illich (; 4 September 1926 \u2013 2 December 2002) was a Croatian-Austrian philosopher, Roman Catholic priest, and critic of the institutions of modern Western culture, who addressed contemporary practices in education, medicine, work, energy use, transportation, and economic development. The book that brought Ivan Illich to public attention was Deschooling Society published in 1971. It was a groundbreaking critique of compulsory mass education. He argued that the oppressive structure of the school system could not be reformed but must be dismantled in order to free humanity from the crippling effects of the institutionalization of all of life.", "Q19897575": "You, Me and the Apocalypse (working title Apocalypse Slough) is a British-American comedy-drama miniseries. The series was green-lit on 8 January 2015. It debuted on Sky 1 on 30 September 2015 and on NBC on 28 January 2016. Sky 1 said in March 2016 there would be no second series.", "Q117072": "Franz Weber (27 July 1927 \u2013 2 April 2019) was a Swiss environmentalist and animal welfare activist.", "Q185510": "Richard Hakluyt (; 1553 \u2013 23 November 1616) was an English writer. He is known for promoting the English colonization of North America through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principall Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation (1589\u20131600).\nHakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. Between 1583 and 1588 he was chaplain and secretary to Sir Edward Stafford, English ambassador at the French court. An ordained priest, Hakluyt held important positions at Bristol Cathedral and Westminster Abbey and was personal chaplain to Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I. He was the chief promoter of a petition to James I for letters patent to colonize Virginia, which were granted to the London Company and Plymouth Company (referred to collectively as the Virginia Company) in 1606. The Hakluyt Society, which publishes scholarly editions of primary records of voyages and travels, was named after him in its 1846 formation.", "Q336010": "Jean Charles Emmanuel Nodier (April 29, 1780 \u2013 January 27, 1844) was an influential French author and librarian who introduced a younger generation of Romanticists to the conte fantastique, gothic literature, and vampire tales. His dream related writings influenced the later works of G\u00e9rard de Nerval.\n\n", "Q118341": "J\u00fcrg Stahl (born 16 January 1968 in Winterthur) is a Swiss politician of the Swiss People's Party. He was a member of the National Council for the canton of Z\u00fcrich from 1999 to 2019 and served as the President of the National Council from 2016 to 2017.\n\n", "Q128282": "Beaumont ( BOH-mont) is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County, Texas, in the United States, within the Beaumont\u2013Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area. Located in Southeast Texas on the Neches River about 85 miles (137 km) east of Houston (city center to city center), Beaumont had a population of 117,267 at the time of the 2010 census, making it the 30th most populous city in the state of Texas.\nBeaumont was founded in 1835. The pioneer settlement had an economy based on the development of lumber, farming, and port industries. In 1892, Joseph Eloi Broussard opened the first commercially successful rice mill in Texas, stimulating development of rice farming in the area; he also started an irrigation company (since 1933 established as the Lower Neches Valley Authority) to support rice culture. Rice became an important commodity crop in Texas and is now cultivated in 23 counties.A big change occurred in 1901 with the Spindletop gusher, which demonstrated that a huge oil field lay underneath and adjacent to the city. With Spindletop, several energy companies developed in Beaumont, and some remain. The area rapidly developed as one of the country's major petro-chemical refining areas. Along with Port Arthur and Orange, Beaumont forms the Golden Triangle, a major industrial area on the Texas Gulf Coast.\nBeaumont is home to Lamar University, a national Carnegie Doctoral Research university with 14,966 students, including undergraduates and postgraduates. Over the years, several corporations have been based in this city, including Gulf States Utilities, which had its headquarters in Beaumont until its takeover by Entergy Corporation in 1993. GSU's Edison Plaza headquarters remains the tallest building in Beaumont.", "Q2332537": "Visitor from the Future (Russian: \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e, Gostya iz budushchego lit Guest from the future) is a five-part Soviet children's science fiction television miniseries, made at Gorky Film Studio, first aired in 1985. It is based on the novel One Hundred Years Ahead (Russian: \u0421\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0451\u0434, Sto let tomu vperod) by Kir Bulychov.The series starred Natalya Guseva as Alisa Selezneva, a girl from the future that travels to the present and Aleksei Fomkin as Kolya Gerasimov, a boy, who lives in the year 1984 and travels to the future in the year 2084.\nThe series was highly popular in the Soviet Union. It is periodically rerun .", "Q9391": "Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (; German: [\u02c8lu\u02d0tv\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8v\u026atg\u0259n\u02cc\u0283ta\u026an]; 26 April 1889 \u2013 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.From 1929 to 1947, Wittgenstein taught at the University of Cambridge. During his lifetime he published just one slim book (the 75-page Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, 1921), one article (\"Some Remarks on Logical Form\", 1929), one book review and a children's dictionary. His voluminous manuscripts were edited and published posthumously. Philosophical Investigations appeared as a book in 1953, and has since come to be recognised as one of the most important works of philosophy in the 20th century; a poll among some 400 american university and college philosophy teachers ranked it at number one in 1999. His teacher, Bertrand Russell, described Wittgenstein as \"perhaps the most perfect example I have ever known of genius as traditionally conceived; passionate, profound, intense, and dominating\".Born in Vienna into one of Europe's richest families, he inherited a fortune from his father in 1913. He initially made some donations to artists and writers, and then, in a period of severe personal depression after the First World War, he gave away his entire fortune to his brothers and sisters. Three of his four brothers committed suicide, which Wittgenstein had also contemplated. He left academia several times\u2014serving as an officer on the front line during World War I, where he was decorated a number of times for his courage; teaching in schools in remote Austrian villages where he encountered controversy for hitting children when they made mistakes in mathematics; and working as a hospital porter during World War II in London, where he told patients not to take the drugs they were prescribed while largely managing to keep secret the fact that he was one of the world's most famous philosophers. He described philosophy as \"the only work that gives me real satisfaction\".His philosophy is often divided into an early period, exemplified by the Tractatus, and a later period, articulated in the Philosophical Investigations. \"Early Wittgenstein\" was concerned with the logical relationship between propositions and the world and he believed that by providing an account of the logic underlying this relationship, he had solved all philosophical problems. \"Late Wittgenstein\", however, rejected many of the assumptions of the Tractatus, arguing that the meaning of words is best understood as their use within a given language-game.A survey among American university and college teachers ranked the Investigations as the most important book of 20th-century philosophy, standing out as \"the one crossover masterpiece in twentieth-century philosophy, appealing across diverse specializations and philosophical orientations\". The Investigations also ranked 54th on a list of most influential twentieth-century works in cognitive science prepared by the University of Minnesota's Center for Cognitive Sciences. However, in the words of his friend Georg Henrik von Wright, he believed that \"his ideas were generally misunderstood and distorted even by those who professed to be his disciples. He doubted he would be better understood in the future. He once said he felt as though he was writing for people who would think in a different way, breathe a different air of life, from that of present-day men.\"", "Q158765": "George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, DL (26 June 1866 \u2013 5 April 1923), styled Lord Porchester until 1890, was an English peer and aristocrat best known as the financial backer of the search for and the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings.", "Q62365": "Marie Luise Kaschnitz (born Marie Luise von Holzing-Berslett; 31 January 1901 \u2013 10 October 1974) was a German short story writer, novelist, essayist and poet. She is considered to be one of the leading post-war German poets.She was born in Karlsruhe. She married archaeologist Guido Freiherr Von Kaschnitz-Weinberg (the author of The Mediterranean Foundations of Ancient Art) in 1925, and travelled with him on archaeological expeditions.\nShe received high praise for her short stories, many of which were inspired by events in her life, complemented by her personal reminiscences. These stories were collected in books such as Orte and Engelsbr\u00fccke. She enjoyed travel greatly and her tales make use of diverse settings. They are thoughtful in nature, rather than eventful, often dealing with particular stages in a woman's life or a relationship. Her main collection is Lange Schatten (\"Long Shadows\"). Her favorite story was 1961's \"Das dicke Kind\".\nHer post-war essay collection in Menschen und Dinge 1945 established her reputation in Germany. Her poems dealt with the war and the early post-war period, often expressing a yearning for a peaceful past, but also hope for the future. In the volume Dein Schweigen \u2013 meine Stimme she dealt with the death of her husband. After 1960 she became influenced by Pablo Neruda.\nShe briefly taught poetics at the University of Frankfurt. She was a member of PEN. She won many prizes, including the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize in 1955 and the Roswitha Prize in 1973. She was nominated for the 1967 Nobel Prize in Literature. She died, aged 73, in Rome. The Marie Luise Kaschnitz Prize is named in her honor.", "Q1046038": "Vincenzo Jannacci (3 June 1935 \u2013 29 March 2013), more commonly known as Enzo Jannacci (Italian pronunciation: [(vint\u0283)\u02c8\u025bntso jan\u02c8natt\u0283i]), was an Italian singer-songwriter, pianist, actor and stand-up comedian. He is regarded as one of the most important artists in the post-war Italian music scene.Jannacci is widely considered as a master of musical art and cabaret, and in the course of his career has collaborated with many famous Italian musicians, performing artists, journalists, television personalities and comedians. He has written around thirty albums and soundtracks, some of which have since come to be seen as milestones in the history of Italian popular music.\nA cardiologist in his day job, he is also regarded as one of the founders of Italian rock and roll music, along with Adriano Celentano, Luigi Tenco and Giorgio Gaber, with whom he collaborated for over forty years.", "Q379707": "Ustad Qamruddin \"Bismillah\" Khan (21 March 1916 \u2013 21 August 2006) (born as Qamaruddin Khan), often referred to by the title Ustad, was an Indian musician credited with popularizing the shehnai, a subcontinental wind instrument of the oboe class. While the shehnai had long held importance as a folk instrument played primarily [schooled] in traditional ceremonies, Khan is credited with elevating its status and bringing it to the concert stage.He was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 2001, becoming the third classical musician after M. S. Subbalakshmi and Ravi Shankar to be awarded Bharat Ratna. On his 102nd birthday, Google honored Bismillah Khan with a Google doodle.", "Q96582": "Max Wirth (Breslau, January 27, 1822 \u2014 Vienna, July 18, 1900) was a German journalist and economist.", "Q369514": "Pedro Mario Maffia (August 28, 1899 \u2013 October 16, 1967) was an Argentine tango bandoneonist, bandleader, composer and teacher, as well as starring in several tango films.\nMaffia had a hard upbringing; he was beaten with a chain by his father and lived in dire poverty. He eventually ran away from home to live in the town of Punta Alta in Buenos Aires Province, where he was discovered by Carlos Gardel and Jos\u00e9 Razzano.\nMaffia is remembered as a pioneer of the bandoneon and a great stylist. He was one of the first to play the instrument a cappella. He had a relaxed playing style and an inventiveness for misplaced accents and nuances.\nMaffia starred in a number of tango films including \u00a1Tango! (1933), Canillita (1936) and Fueye querido (1966). He also worked as a music teacher, and wrote an important method of teaching the bandoneon.\nThe bandoneonist An\u00edbal Troilo dedicated a song to him entitled A Pedro Maffia.", "Q514954": "Dominique Folloroux-Ouattara (n\u00e9e Nouvian) (born 16 December 1953) is the current First Lady of Ivory Coast, married to President Alassane Ouattara.", "Q441969": "Hannah Marie Tointon (born 28 December 1987) is an English actress. She is best known for playing Katy Fox in the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks and Tara Brown in sitcom The Inbetweeners.", "Q101610": "Friedrich Carl Arthur Kranefu\u00df (born 19 October 1900 in Herford \u2013 died 1945), known as Fritz Kranefu\u00df, was a German industrialist and a Wehrwirtschaftsf\u00fchrer (Military Economy Leader) in the Third Reich.\nKranefuss was on the board of Braunekohle-Benzin AG (Brabag), a conglomerate of chemical firms and collieries concerned with the production of synthetic fuel. He joined the Nazi Party in 1932.He was one of three directors of the Dresdner Bank, the others being Karl Rasche and Emil Heinrich Meyer, to belong to the exclusive Freunde des Reichsf\u00fchrer-SS circle. Kranefuss had been introduced to Heinrich Himmler by his uncle Wilhelm Keppler's Freundeskreis der Wirtschaft, although it was Kranefuss' idea to make the movement more specific to Himmler. As a consequence it was Kranefuss who was chosen as head of the circle. His involvement in the circle also entitled him to the Schutzstaffel rank of Brigadef\u00fchrer. He also helped to ensure that BRABAG became one of the leading users of forced labour during the Second World War. Towards the end of the war Kranefuss, a well-connected international businessman, was also used by Himmler to open unofficial channels of contact with the Allies.", "Q483382": "Stephen Gary Wozniak (; born August 11, 1950), also known by his nickname \"Woz\", is an American electronics engineer, programmer, philanthropist, and technology entrepreneur. In 1976 he co-founded Apple Inc., which later became the world's largest information technology company by revenue and largest company in the world by market capitalization. Through their work at Apple in the 1970s and 1980s, he and Apple co-founder Steve Jobs are widely recognized as two prominent pioneers of the personal computer revolution.\nIn 1975, Wozniak started developing the Apple I into the computer that launched Apple when he and Jobs first began marketing it the following year. He primarily designed the Apple II in 1977, known as one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputers, while Jobs oversaw the development of its foam-molded plastic case and early Apple employee Rod Holt developed the switching power supply. With software engineer Jef Raskin, Wozniak had major influence over the initial development of the original Apple Macintosh concepts from 1979 to 1981, when Jobs took over the project following Wozniak's brief departure from the company due to a traumatic airplane accident. After permanently leaving Apple in 1985, Wozniak founded CL 9 and created the first programmable universal remote, released in 1987. He then pursued several other business and philanthropic ventures throughout his career, focusing largely on technology in K\u201312 schools.As of November 2019, Wozniak has remained an employee of Apple in a ceremonial capacity since stepping down in 1985.", "Q15853": "\u0160empeter pri Gorici (pronounced [\u0283\u025bm\u02c8pe\u02d0t\u0259\u027e p\u027ei \u0261\u0254\u02c8\u027ei\u02d0tsi] (listen) or [\u0283\u0259m\u02c8pe\u02d0t\u0259\u027e p\u027ei \u0261\u0254\u02c8\u027ei\u02d0tsi]; Italian: San Pietro di Gorizia) is a town and the administrative centre of the Municipality of \u0160empeter-Vrtojba in the Slovene Littoral region of Slovenia. There is a border crossing into the Italian town of Gorizia. The crossing is known as San Pietro di Gorizia in Italian.\nThrough most of its history, it was linked to the town of Gorizia (Slovene: Gorica), which is now in Italy, whence also its name, literally meaning 'St. Peter near Gorizia'. Since 1947, it has been gravitating towards the newly established town of Nova Gorica, with which it forms a continuous conurbation.", "Q682030": "The Tragically Hip, often referred to simply as The Hip, were a Canadian rock band from Kingston, Ontario, consisting of vocalist Gord Downie, guitarist Paul Langlois, guitarist Rob Baker (known as Bobby Baker until 1994), bassist Gord Sinclair, and drummer Johnny Fay. They released 13 studio albums, two live albums, one EP, and over 50 singles over a 33-year career. Nine of their albums have reached No. 1 on the Canadian charts. They have received numerous Canadian music awards, including 16 Juno Awards. Between 1996 and 2016, The Tragically Hip were the best-selling Canadian band in Canada and the fourth best-selling Canadian artist overall in Canada.Following Downie's diagnosis with terminal brain cancer in 2015, the band undertook a tour of Canada in support of their thirteenth album Man Machine Poem. The tour's final concert, which would ultimately be the band's last show, was held at the Rogers K-Rock Centre in Kingston on August 20, 2016, and broadcast globally by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as a cross-platform television, radio and internet streaming special.After Downie died on October 17, 2017, the band announced in July 2018 that the Tragically Hip name would be retired.", "Q204908": "Jean Galbert de Campistron (3 August 1656 \u2013 11 May 1723) was a French dramatist.", "Q222071": "Courtney Michelle Love (n\u00e9e Harrison; born July 9, 1964) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. A figure in the punk and grunge scenes of the 1990s, Love's career has spanned four decades. She rose to prominence as the lead vocalist of the alternative rock band Hole, which she formed in 1989. Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics, as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain. In 2020, NME named her \"one of the most influential singers in alternative culture of the last 30 years.\"Born to countercultural parents in San Francisco, Love had an itinerant childhood, but was primarily raised in Portland, Oregon, where she played in a series of short-lived bands and was active in the local punk scene. After briefly being in a juvenile hall, she spent a year living in Dublin and Liverpool before returning to the United States and was cast in the Alex Cox films Sid and Nancy (1986) and Straight to Hell (1987). She formed Hole in Los Angeles, receiving attention from underground rock press for the group's 1991 debut album, produced by Kim Gordon. Hole's second release, Live Through This (1994), was met with critical accolades and multi-platinum sales. In 1995, Love returned to acting, earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Milo\u0161 Forman's The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996), which established her as a mainstream actress. The following year, Hole's third album, Celebrity Skin (1998), was nominated for three Grammy Awards.\nLove continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s, appearing in big-budget pictures such as Man on the Moon (1999) and Trapped (2002), before releasing her first solo album, America's Sweetheart, in 2004. The next years were marked by publicity surrounding Love's legal troubles and drug addiction, which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was writing a second solo album. That project became Nobody's Daughter, released in 2010 as a Hole album but without the former Hole lineup. Between 2014 and 2015, Love released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire.\nLove has also been active as a writer; she co-created and co-wrote three volumes of a manga, Princess Ai, between 2004 and 2006, and wrote a memoir, Dirty Blonde: The Diaries of Courtney Love (2006).", "Q712437": "Garret Lee Dillahunt (born November 24, 1964) is an American actor. He is best known for his work in television for the roles of Simon Escher on Burn Notice, Burt Chance on the Fox sitcom Raising Hope for which he was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series in 2012, Ty Walker in the sixth season of Justified, Jack McCall and Francis Wolcott in Deadwood, Matthew Ross in The 4400, a terminator in Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles, Steve Curtis in ER, Dr. Jody Kimball-Kinney on The Mindy Project and John Dorie in Fear the Walking Dead.\nIn film, Dillahunt has played many major supporting roles in the films No Country for Old Men, The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, Winter's Bone, Looper, and 12 Years a Slave. He also starred in the Amazon Studios drama Hand of God.", "Q308840": "Jean-Claude Camille Fran\u00e7ois van Varenberg (born 18 October 1960), known professionally as Jean-Claude van Damme (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0251\u0303 klod v\u0251\u0303 dam], Dutch: [v\u0251n \u02c8d\u0251m\u0259]), and as JCVD, is a Belgian actor and retired martial artist best known for his martial arts action films. His most popular projects include Bloodsport (1988), Cyborg (1989), Kickboxer (1989), Lionheart (1990), Death Warrant (1990), Double Impact (1991), Universal Soldier (1992), Nowhere to Run (1993), Hard Target (1993), Timecop (1994), Street Fighter (1994), Sudden Death (1995), Maximum Risk (1996), JCVD (2008), Jean-Claude van Johnson (2016 - 2017 series) and The Bouncer (2018).", "Q438272": "As Young as You Feel is a 1951 comedy film directed by Harmon Jones and starring Monty Woolley, Thelma Ritter, and David Wayne, with Marilyn Monroe in a small role.", "Q118427": "Stephen Patrick Glanvill Henighan (born 19 June 1960) is a Canadian novelist, short story writer, journalist and academic.\nBorn in Hamburg, Germany, Henighan arrived in Canada at the age of five and grew up in rural eastern Ontario. He studied political science at Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania, where he won the Potter Short Story Prize in April 1981. From 1984 to 1992 he lived in Montreal as a freelance writer and completed an M.A. at Concordia University. Between 1992 and 1996 he earned a doctorate in Spanish American literature at Wadham College, Oxford. While at Oxford, Henighan became the first writer to have stories published in three different editions of the annual May Anthology of Oxford and Cambridge Short Stories. He also studied in Colombia, Romania and Germany. From 1996 to 1998 Henighan taught Latin American literature at Queen Mary & Westfield College, University of London. Since 1999 he has taught at the University of Guelph, Ontario.Henighan has published five novels. His short stories have been published in Canada, the U.S., Great Britain and, in translation, in Europe. Henighan's novels and stories feature immigrants, travellers and other displaced people caught between cultures. According to the journal Canadian Literature, Henighan is \"a writer who looks hard at the complexities and rebarbative elements of the multicultural, globalized world we live in.\"Henighan's journalism has appeared in The Times Literary Supplement, The Walrus, Geist, The Globe and Mail, Toronto Life, Adbusters and the Montreal Gazette. He has been a finalist for the Governor General's Award, and the Canada Prize in the Humanities.In 2006 Henighan set off a controversy when he attacked the Giller Prize. As an academic, he has published articles on Latin American literature and Lusophone African fiction, a book on the Nobel Prize-winning Guatemalan novelist Miguel \u00c1ngel Asturias and a 776-page study of the analysis of the history of Nicaragua presented in the work of Ernesto Cardenal and Sergio Ramirez. Henighan has published translations from Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian, including Angolan writer Ondjaki, Nicaraguan poet Carlos Rigby, and the Romanian writer Mihail Sebastian, and is general editor of a translation series run by Biblioasis, a literary publisher based in Windsor, Ontario. Writers recruited by Henighan for the Biblioasis International Translation Series include Horacio Castellanos Moya, Mia Couto, Liliana Heker and Emili Teixidor.\n\n", "Q191203": "Eadwig, also spelled Edwy (c. 940 \u2013 October 959), sometimes called the All-Fair, was King of England from 955 until his premature death.\nThe elder son of Edmund I and \u00c6lfgifu of Shaftesbury, Eadwig became king in 955 aged 15 following the death of his uncle Eadred. Eadwig's short reign was tarnished by disputes with nobles and men of the church, including Archbishops Dunstan and Oda. He died in 959, having ruled less than four years. He was buried in the capital Winchester. His brother Edgar the Peaceful succeeded him.", "Q172198": "Ammianus Marcellinus (born c.\u2009330, died c.\u2009391 \u2013 400) was a Roman soldier and historian who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from antiquity (preceding Procopius). His work, known as the Res Gestae, chronicled in Latin the history of Rome from the accession of the Emperor Nerva in 96 to the death of Valens at the Battle of Adrianople in 378, although only the sections covering the period 353\u2013378 survive.", "Q103761": "Thekla Carola Wied (born Thekla Wiedmann 5 February 1944) is a German actress educated in West Berlin at the Evangelisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster. Her father was a teacher for Latin. After abitur she studied from 1965 till 1967 acting at Folkwang University of the Arts in Essen.\nIn 1989 she starred in Rivalen der Rennbahn.", "Q229124": "Yuna Kim (Hangul: \uae40\uc5f0\uc544; born September 5, 1990), also credited in eastern name order as Kim Yuna or Kim Yeon-ah, is a South Korean former competitive figure skater. She is the 2010 Olympic champion and 2014 silver medalist in ladies' singles; the 2009 & 2013 World champion; the 2009 Four Continents champion; a three-time (2006\u20132007, 2007\u20132008, 2009\u20132010) Grand Prix Final champion; the 2006 World Junior champion; the 2005 Junior Grand Prix Final champion; and a six-time (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2013, 2014) South Korean national champion.\nKim is the first South Korean figure skater to win a medal at an ISU Junior Grand Prix or ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating event, ISU Figure Skating Championships, and The Olympic Games. She is the first female skater ever to win and complete every official ISU grand slam figure skating titles namely: The Olympic Games, the World Championships, the Four Continents Championships, and the Grand Prix Final. In addition to that, Yuna Kim is the first figure skater ever to complete a Career Super Grand Slam by also winning the Junior Grand Prix Final and the Junior World Championships in 2005 and 2006. She is one of the most highly recognized athletes and media figures in South Korea. As a result of her numerous accomplishments, she is frequently referred to as Queen Yuna by various media across the world.She is the former record holder for ladies in the short program, free skate and combined total under the ISU Judging System. She has broken world record scores 11 times under the ISU Judging System since 2007, eight of which being records she herself set. She is also the first female skater to surpass the 140-point and 150-point free skating mark and the 200-point, 210-point and 220-point total mark under the ISU Judging System. Throughout her entire career (novice, junior and senior), Kim had never finished a competition off the podium. Due to her artistry and musical sense, graceful skating skills, exceptional speed and fluidity, consistency, quality of her huge and technically near textbook jumps, ability to compete with barely any competition, mental strength to deliver results in the biggest occasions, and longevity and competitive record at a time of unprecedented depth in ladies skating, she is regarded as one of, if not the greatest ladies singles skater of all time. She also has a great rivalry with three-time World champion Mao Asada from Japan.Kim was the highest paid athlete in the XXI Olympic Winter Games, the 5th, 7th, 6th and 4th top-earning sportswoman in the world in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively according to Forbes. The business magazine has also listed her in their 30 under 30 and Philanthropy lists. She was included in Time magazine's annual Time 100 of World's Most Influential People in 2010. Kim was the first to top Forbes Korea Power Celebrity and was ranked in the Top 10 from 2010 to 2015 and in 2018. Kim lit the Olympic cauldron at the opening ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea.\n\n", "Q68648": "Bernd Peter Pischetsrieder (born 15 February 1948) is a German automobile engineer and manager.", "Q256928": "Felix Zandman (Polish: Feliks Zandman; May 7, 1928 \u2013 June 4, 2011) was a Polish-born entrepreneur and founder of Vishay Intertechnology \u2013 one of the world's largest manufacturers of electronic components. From 1946 to 1949 he studied in France at the University of Nancy physics and engineering. In parallel, he was enrolled in a Grande \u00e9cole of engineering Ensem (\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et de m\u00e9canique). He received a Ph.D. at the Sorbonne as a physicist on a subject of photoelasticity. He was awarded the Edward Longstreth Medal from the Franklin Institute in 1962.", "Q810605": "Bastiaan \"Bas\" Belder (born 25 October 1946) is a Dutch politician and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from the Netherlands. He is a member of the Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij, part of the European Conservatives and Reformists.\nHe sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was a substitute for the Committee on Agriculture. Furthermore he was vice-chairman of the delegation for the relations between the European Parliament and Israel and chairman of the European Parliament Working Group on Human Dignity.\nIn the 2019 European Parliament election he was succeeded by Bert-Jan Ruissen.", "Q1171858": "Dashiell Raymond Mihok (; born May 24, 1974) is an American actor and director best known for playing Brendan \"Bunchy\" Donovan in the Showtime drama Ray Donovan.", "Q181010": "Hard bop is a subgenre of jazz that is an extension of bebop (or \"bop\") music. Journalists and record companies began using the term in the mid-1950s to describe a new current within jazz that incorporated influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in saxophone and piano playing.\nDavid H. Rosenthal contends in his book Hard Bop that the genre is, to a large degree, the natural creation of a generation of African-American musicians who grew up at a time when bop and rhythm and blues were the dominant forms of black American music. Prominent hard bop musicians included Horace Silver, Clifford Brown, Charles Mingus, Art Blakey, Cannonball Adderley, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Hank Mobley, Thelonious Monk and Tadd Dameron.\nHard bop is sometimes referred to as \"funky hard bop\". The \"funky\" label refers to the rollicking, rhythmic feeling associated with the style. The descriptor is also used to describe soul jazz, which is commonly associated with hard bop. According to Mark C. Gridley, soul jazz more specifically refers to music with \"an earthy, bluesy melodic concept and... repetitive, dance-like rhythms. Some listeners make no distinction between 'soul-jazz' and 'funky hard bop,' and many musicians don't consider 'soul-jazz' to be continuous with 'hard bop.'\" The term \"soul\" suggests the church, and traditional gospel music elements such as \"amen chords\" (the plagal cadence) and triadic harmonies that seemed to suddenly appear in jazz during the era.", "Q59495": "Varudu (transl.\u2009Bridegroom) is a 2010 Indian Telugu-language action film directed by Gunasekhar in his tenth directorial film. This film stars Allu Arjun, Tamil actor Arya, and Bhanu Sri Mehra in the lead roles, while Suhasini Mani Ratnam, Ashish Vidyarthi, and Brahmanandam, among others, play supporting roles. D.V.V. Danayya is the producer of the film. The music was composed by Mani Sharma, and the film released on 31 March 2010.", "Q30423": "The Ludwigsh\u00f6he is a mountain in the Pennine Alps on the Swiss-Italian border. It is situated near the Dufourspitze in the Monte Rosa Massif. The summit is the tripoint between Valais, Aosta Valley and Piedmont.", "Q269500": "Chad Gaylord Smith (born October 25, 1961) is an American musician who has been the drummer of the band Red Hot Chili Peppers since 1988. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012. Smith is also the drummer of the hard rock supergroup Chickenfoot, formed in 2008, and of the all-instrumental outfit Chad Smith's Bombastic Meatbats, formed in 2007.\nSmith has recorded with Glenn Hughes, Johnny Cash, John Fogerty, the Dixie Chicks, Jennifer Nettles, Kid Rock, Jake Bugg, the Avett Brothers, Joe Satriani, Post Malone, Lana Del Rey and Halsey. In 2010, joined by Dick Van Dyke and Leslie Bixler, he released Rhythm Train, a children's album which featured Smith singing and playing various instruments. In 2020, Smith co-wrote and performed as part of the backing band on Ozzy Osbourne's album, Ordinary Man.\nSpin magazine placed Smith at #10 on their list of the \"100 Greatest Drummers of Alternative Music\" in May 2013. Readers of UK-based Rhythm magazine ranked Smith and Red Hot Chili Pepper bassist Flea the fourth-greatest rhythm section of all time in their June 2013 issue. Smith is also known for his charity work especially with young musicians. He has been a lobbyist in support of music education in U.S. public schools. Smith is also the host of the PBS concert series, Landmarks Live in Concert, which began in January 2017.\n\n", "Q238029": "JoAnna Garc\u00eda Swisher (n\u00e9e Garc\u00eda; born August 10, 1979) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Sam in Are You Afraid of the Dark? (1993\u201396), Vicki Appleby in Freaks and Geeks (1999\u20132000), and Cheyenne Hart-Montgomery on The WB/CW sitcom Reba (2001\u201307). She has also gained popularity with her acting roles in Privileged (2008\u201309), Better with You (2010\u201311), Animal Practice (2012), Once Upon a Time (2013\u201318) and The Astronaut Wives Club (2015).", "Q68890": "Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan (10 April 1915 \u2013 31 July 2003), also known as Bani-e-Kashmir (\"Father of Azad Kashmir\") and Ghazi-e-Millat (\"Hero of the Nation\"), was the founder and first President of Azad Kashmir. He played a pivotal role in Operation Gulmarg .In British India of 1946, he won the Jammu and Kashmir State Assembly election as a member of the Muslim Conference party and became a member of the Praja Sabha under Maharajah Hari Singh. Jammu and Kashmir signed a stand still agreement with Pakistan as a result of the India Independence Act. In 1947, he instigated and organised the Poonch rebellion, with the help of Pakistan Army and the Muslim League, the invasion of Jammu and Kashmir. He belonged to Sudhan tribe. This Pakistani sponsored tribal invasion, despite the stand still agreement was a rude shock to the King. He signed the Instrument of Accession with India and requested the help of Indian troops to liberate the region. The Prime Minister of India, Nehru also took the dispute to the United Nations as he could not stop the plunder and partial occupation by the invading militia.\nAfter fighting the Indian Army for 15 months, the Azad Kashmir militia accepted a United Nations-mediated ceasefire. Khan and his army were able to capture substantial portions of the three western districts of Kashmir, which were renamed Azad Kashmir.\nKhan was appointed the first President of tiny Azad Kashmir in 1948 by Pakistan. He represented Kashmir in different capacities at the United Nations from 1948 to 1971.Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan also wrote a book named The Kashmir Saga on government and politics of Azad Kashmir and history and philosophy of freedom struggle.", "Q365448": "Adolphe L'Arronge (8 March 1838 \u2013 25 May 1908) was a German playwright and theatre director. His best known work is the 1873 comedy play My Leopold which has been adapted into numerous films.", "Q227109": "Zoe Byrd Akins (October 30, 1886 \u2013 October 29, 1958) was an American playwright, poet, and author. She won a Pulitzer Prize for drama.\n\n", "Q66665": "Peter Paul Mauser, after 1912 von Mauser, (June 27, 1838 \u2013 May 29, 1914) was a German weapon designer and manufacturer/industrialist.", "Q115103": "Johann Heinrich Gossler (born 28 March 1775, died 3 April 1842) was a Hamburg banker and grand burgher, a member of the Berenberg-Gossler-Seyler banking dynasty, a co-owner (from 1798) of the Berenberg Bank and a senator of Hamburg from 1821. He was the son of Johann Hinrich Gossler and Elisabeth Berenberg (1749\u20131822), and the brother in law of Ludwig Erdwin Seyler. He was the father of Hamburg First Mayor Hermann Gossler and the grandfather of Baron Johann von Berenberg-Gossler (1839\u20131913). He was also the great-grandfather of First Mayor Johann Heinrich Burchard.", "Q531242": "Anna Thynn, Dowager Marchioness of Bath (born Anna Abigail Gyarmathy on 27 September 1943), also known by her stage name Anna Ga\u00ebl, is a Hungarian actress and war correspondent.", "Q850221": "Neighbors from Hell is an American adult animated sitcom that ran on TBS from June 7 to July 26, 2010. The executive producer of the series is Pam Brady. The series consisted of 10 episodes.\nThe series is owned by 20th Century Fox Film Corporation. It is produced by Bento Box Entertainment and MoonBoy Animation, a division of DreamWorks Animation. The majority of the animation is produced by Bardel Entertainment in Vancouver, with retake animation work handled mostly in-house at Bento Box.", "Q95921": "Leopold Ullstein (6 September 1826 \u2013 4 December 1899) was the founder and publisher of several successful German newspapers, including B.Z. am Mittag and Berliner Morgenpost. Many of these are still published today. Ullstein was also the founder of the leading German publishing house Ullstein-Verlag.\n\n", "Q1742005": "\"King\" Bennie Nawahi (July 3, 1899 \u2013 January 29, 1985) was an American steel guitarist from Hawaii who was popular in the U.S. during the 1920s and 1930s.", "Q4710823": "Sir Albert McQuarrie (1 January 1918 \u2013 13 January 2016) was a British Conservative politician.", "Q4162750": "Kirill A. Dmitriev (born 1975 in Kiev) is the CEO of the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF), a $10 billion sovereign wealth fund created by the Russian government to co-invest in the Russian economy alongside the sovereign wealth funds of other countries.", "Q571672": "Grave Digger is a German heavy metal band that was first formed in 1980 by Chris Boltendahl and Peter Masson.", "Q433333": "Janelle Penny Commissiong (born June 15, 1953) is a Trinidadian politician, model and beauty queen.\n\n", "Q707990": "Peter O. Phillips (born June 21, 1970), better known by his stage name Pete Rock, is an American record producer, DJ and rapper. He rose to prominence in the early 1990s as one half of the critically acclaimed group Pete Rock & CL Smooth. Early on in his career, he was also famed for his remix work.\nAfter the duo went their separate ways, Rock continued with a solo career that has garnered him worldwide respect, though little in the way of mainstream success. Along with groups such as Stetsasonic, Gang Starr, A Tribe Called Quest and The Roots, Rock played a major role in the merging of elements from jazz into hip hop music (also known as jazz rap). He is widely recognized as one of the greatest hip hop producers of all time, and is often mentioned alongside DJ Premier, RZA and J Dilla as one of the mainstays of 1990s East Coast hip hop production. Pete Rock is also the older brother and younger cousin, respectively, of rappers Grap Luva and Heavy D.", "Q236010": "Sienna Tiggy Guillory (; born 16 March 1975) is an English actress and former model. She is perhaps best known for her portrayal of Jill Valentine in several entries of the Resident Evil action-horror film series. Other prominent roles include elf princess Arya Dr\u00f6ttningu in the fantasy-adventure film Eragon, and the title role in the TV miniseries Helen of Troy. She has also taken on starring roles in popular TV shows including Fortitude, Stan Lee's Lucky Man, and Luther.", "Q4933375": "Robert C. McNair (January 1, 1937 \u2013 November 23, 2018) was an American businessman, philanthropist, and the owner of the National Football League (NFL)'s Houston Texans.", "Q324366": "Shaun Paul Cassidy (born September 27, 1958) is an American singer, actor, writer and producer. Cassidy starred in the television series The Hardy Boys Mysteries (1977\u20131979), Breaking Away (1980\u20131981) and a stint on the daytime soap General Hospital (1987). In the 1980s and 90s, Cassidy worked almost exclusively as an actor in the theater, performing on Broadway and in the West End of London. Since the mid-1990s, Cassidy has been a writer and producer in television, creating and producing a number of television series, including American Gothic, Roar and Invasion. He is currently the consulting producer on NBC's medical drama New Amsterdam. Cassidy is the eldest son of Academy Award-winning actress Shirley Jones and Tony Award-winning actor Jack Cassidy. His older half-brother was David Cassidy.\n\n", "Q3870": "Nairobi () is the capital and the largest city of Kenya. The name comes from the Maasai phrase Enkare Nairobi, which translates to \"cool water\", a reference to the Nairobi River which flows through the city. The city proper had a population of 4,397,073 in the 2019 census, while the metropolitan area has a population of 9,354,580. The city is popularly referred to as the Green City in the Sun.Nairobi was founded in 1899 by the colonial authorities in British East Africa, as a rail depot on the Uganda Railway. The town quickly grew to replace Mombasa as the capital of Kenya in 1907. After independence in 1963, Nairobi became the capital of the Republic of Kenya. During Kenya's colonial period, the city became a centre for the colony's coffee, tea and sisal industry. The city lies on the River Athi in the southern part of the country, and has an elevation of 1,795 metres (5,889 ft) above sea level.According to the 2019 census, in the administrative area of Nairobi, 4,397,073 inhabitants lived within 696 km2 (269 sq mi).Home to thousands of Kenyan businesses and over 100 major international companies and organizations, including the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) and the United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON), Nairobi is an established hub for business and culture. The Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) is one of the largest in Africa and the second-oldest exchange on the continent. It is Africa's fourth-largest exchange in terms of trading volume, capable of making 10 million trades a day.\n\n", "Q173292": "Capri ( k\u0259-PREE, also US: KA(H)P-ree, Italian: [\u02c8ka\u02d0pri] / Neapolitan: [\u02c8k\u0251\u02d0pri]) is an island located in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the Sorrento Peninsula, on the south side of the Gulf of Naples in the Campania region of Italy. The main town Capri that is located on the island shares the name. It has been a resort since the time of the Roman Republic.\nSome of the main features of the island include the Marina Piccola (the little harbour), the Belvedere of Tragara (a high panoramic promenade lined with villas), the limestone crags called sea stacks that project above the sea (the faraglioni), the town of Anacapri, the Blue Grotto (Grotta Azzurra), the ruins of the Imperial Roman villas, and the various towns surrounding the Island of Capri including Positano, Amalfi, Ravello, Sorrento, Nerano, and Naples.\nCapri is part of the region of Campania, Metropolitan City of Naples. The town of Capri is a comune and the island's main population centre. The island has two harbours, Marina Piccola and Marina Grande (the main port of the island). The separate comune of Anacapri is located high on the hills to the west.", "Q4935704": "Robert Watson (born 15 May 1946) is a Scottish former football player and manager. He is currently involved with Airdrieonians, and was the club chairman in 2018.\nWatson played as a defender for Rangers and Motherwell. Watson was transferred from Rangers to Motherwell in a deal that also involved Peter McCloy and Brian Heron. Watson represented Scotland once, in a friendly match played against the Soviet Union in 1971. Watson was one of the players who had to wait many years to receive an official cap to mark this achievement, as caps were only given to players who played in British Home Championship matches before the mid-1970s.Watson retired from playing in 1976 to run a steel business with his partner David Towers. He then managed Airdrie and Motherwell, but only lasted six months in charge of the latter as they were relegated from the Scottish Premier Division. Watson and Towers then helped to set up another business, Cairnhill Structures, in 1990. He was also known as a lay preacher.\nIn April 2015 Watson was inducted into the Airdrieonians Hall Of Fame, an awards ceremony to honour former Airdrieonians managers and players. Between January 2018 and January 2019 he was club chairman, after the club was taken over by new owners.\n\n", "Q230461": "Danielle Nicole Panabaker (born September 19, 1987) is an American actress. She began acting as a teenager and came to prominence for her roles in the Disney films Stuck in the Suburbs (2004), Sky High (2005) and Read It and Weep (2006), and in the HBO miniseries Empire Falls (2005). She won three Young Artist Awards: for guest-starring in an episode of the legal drama television series The Guardian (2004), for her lead role in the TV film Searching for David's Heart (2005) and for her ensemble performance in the family comedy film Yours, Mine & Ours (2005).\nShe came to wider attention as a cast member in the CBS legal drama series Shark (2006\u20132008) and is also noted as a scream queen, having starred in the psychological thriller Mr. Brooks (2007) and the horror films Friday the 13th (2009), The Crazies (2010), John Carpenter's The Ward (2010) and Piranha 3DD (2012).\nAfter recurring roles on the drama series Necessary Roughness (2011\u20132013), the crime series Bones (2012\u20132013) and the crime drama Justified (2014), Panabaker guest-starred as Caitlin Snow on The CW television series Arrow in April 2014. The character was spun off into the main cast of The Flash which premiered that October. In the series' second season, Panabaker began playing the character's alter ego Killer Frost in different capacities in conjunction with her role as Snow. The role has led to subsequent guest appearances on Arrow and other Arrowverse series Supergirl and Legends of Tomorrow.", "Q148204": "Heaven's Gate is a 1980 American epic Western film written and directed by Michael Cimino. Loosely based on the Johnson County War, it portrays a fictional dispute between land barons and European immigrants in Wyoming in the 1890s. The film features an ensemble cast, including Kris Kristofferson, Christopher Walken, Isabelle Huppert, Jeff Bridges, John Hurt, Sam Waterston, Brad Dourif, Joseph Cotten, Geoffrey Lewis, David Mansfield, Richard Masur, Terry O'Quinn, Mickey Rourke, Willem Dafoe and Nicholas Woodeson, the last two in their first film roles. It is notable for being one of the biggest box office bombs of all time, losing the studio an estimated $37 million ($144 million in 2019 dollars); it was at one point considered one of the worst films ever made.There were major setbacks in the film's production due to cost overruns, endless retakes, negative press (including allegations of animal abuse on-set) and rumors about Cimino's allegedly authoritarian directorial style; the film resultantly opened to scathing reviews, earning only $3.5 million domestically (from an estimated $44 million budget), eventually contributing to the management problems of its parent studio, United Artists, and effectively destroying Cimino's reputation as a filmmaker, previously a rising auteur from the success of his 1978 film The Deer Hunter, winner of the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director in 1979. Cimino had an expensive and ambitious vision, pushing the film nearly four times over its planned budget. Its resulting financial problems and United Artists' consequent demise led to a move away from the 1970s period of director-driven film production in the American film industry, back toward greater studio control of films, as had been predominant in Hollywood until the late 1960s.In the decades since the release, however, general assessment of Heaven's Gate has become more positive. The 1980 re-edit has been characterized as \"one of the greatest injustices of cinematic history\" and later re-edits have received critical acclaim. The BBC ranked Heaven's Gate 98th on their 100 greatest American films of all-time list.", "Q346285": "David Arnold (born 23 January 1962) is an English film composer best known for scoring five James Bond films, as well as Stargate (1994), Independence Day (1996), Godzilla (1998) and the television series Little Britain and Sherlock. For Independence Day he received a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television and for Sherlock he, and co-composer Michael Price, won a Creative Arts Emmy for the score of \"His Last Vow\", the final episode in the third series. Arnold scored the BBC / Amazon Prime series Good Omens (2019) adapted by Neil Gaiman from his book Good Omens, written with Terry Pratchett. Arnold is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors.", "Q101162": "Fritz Fend (April 14, 1920 \u2013 November 22, 2000) was an aeronautical engineer. He was noted for designing Messerschmitt's Kabinenroller (cabinscooter) KR175 and KR200 microcars, for co-founding FMR, the company that took over production of the Kabinenrollers in 1956, and for designing the FMR Tg500, a sports microcar based on the Kabinenroller. Fend continued his career as an inventor and designer after the KR200 ended production. Fend was working on another lightweight vehicle project shortly before his death.", "Q448781": "Waliou Jacques Daniel Isheola \"Wally\" Badarou (born 22 March 1955) is a French musician. Born in France with ancestry from Benin, West Africa, Badarou is known for his close association with the English group Level 42, and for his prolific work as a session musician with a wide variety of performers from around the world.", "Q65378": "Thomas Murner, OFM (24 December 1475 \u2013 c. 1537) was a German satirist, poet and translator.He was born at Oberehnheim (Obernai) near Strasbourg. In 1490 he entered the Franciscan order, and in 1495 began travelling, studying and then teaching and preaching in Freiburg-im-Breisgau, Paris, Cracow and Strasbourg itself. The emperor Maximilian I crowned him in 1505 poeta laureatus; in 1506, he was created doctor theologiae, and in 1513 was appointed custodian of the Franciscan monastery in Strasbourg, an office which he was forced to vacate the following year for having published a scurrilous book. Later in life, in 1518, he began the study of jurisprudence at the University of Basel, and in 1519 took the degree of doctor juris.In the summer of 1523, at the invitation of Henry VIII, he went to the Kingdom of England, where his writings had caught the attention of Thomas More.John Headley credits Murner for making More aware of the radical nature of Martin Luther's ecclesiology.\nHenry VIII felt that Murner was an important orthodox influence in Strasbourg and give him \u00a3100 and a letter to the city magistrates.After this stay, and a journey in Italy, he again settled in Strasbourg, but, disturbed by the Protestant Reformation, went into exile at Lucerne in Switzerland in 1526. In 1533 he was appointed priest of Oberehnheim, where he died in 1537, or, according to some accounts, in 1536.Murner was an energetic and passionate character, but made enemies wherever he went. There is little human kindness in his satires, which were directed against the corruption of the times, the Reformation, and especially against Martin Luther. His most powerful satire\u2014the most virulent German satire of the period\u2014is Von dem grossen Lutherischen Narren wie ihn Doctor Murner beschworen hat (\"On the Great Lutheran Fool\", 1522). Others included Die Narrenbeschw\u00f6rung (1512); Die Schelmenzunft (1512); Die G\u00e4uchmatt, which treats of enamoured fools (1519), and a translation of Virgil's Aeneid (1515) dedicated to the emperor Maximilian I. Murner also wrote the humorous Chartiludium logicae for the teaching of logic (1507) and the Ludus studentum Friburgensium (1511), besides a translation of Justinian's Institutiones (1519).Murner's satires were edited in the 1840s by Johann Scheible.", "Q158017": "Rafael Jeron\u00fdm Kubel\u00edk (29 June 1914 \u2013 11 August 1996) was a Czech-born conductor and composer.\nSon of a well-known violinist, Jan Kubel\u00edk, he was trained in Prague, and made his debut with the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra at the age of 19. Having managed to maintain a career in Czechoslovakia under the Nazi occupation, he refused to work under what he considered a \"second tyranny\" after the Communist Czechoslovak coup d'\u00e9tat of 1948, and took refuge in Britain. He became a Swiss citizen in 1967.\nKubel\u00edk was music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra (1950\u201353), musical director of The Royal Opera, Covent Garden (1955\u201358), and music director of the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (1961\u201379), and was a frequent guest conductor for leading orchestras in Europe and America.\nAs a composer, Kubel\u00edk wrote in a neo-romantic idiom. His works include five operas, three symphonies, chamber music, choral works, and songs.", "Q1810400": "Macross (\u30de\u30af\u30ed\u30b9, Makurosu, English: ) is a Japanese science fiction mecha anime media franchise/media mix, created by Studio Nue (most prominently mechanical designer Sh\u014dji Kawamori) and Artland in 1982. The franchise features a fictional history of Earth and the human race after the year 1999, as well as the history of humanoid civilization in the Milky Way. It consists of four TV series, four movies, six OVAs, one light novel, and five manga series, all sponsored by Big West Advertising, in addition to 40 video games set in the Macross universe, 2 crossover games, and a wide variety of physical merchandise.\nWithin the series, the term Macross is used to denote the main capital ship. This theme began in the original Macross, the SDF-1 Macross.\nOvertechnology refers to the scientific advances discovered in an alien starship ASS-1 (Alien Star Ship - One later renamed Super Dimension Fortress - One Macross) that crashed on South Ataria island. Humans were able to reverse engineer the technology to create the mecha (variable fighters and destroids), faster-than-light space fold drive for starships and other advanced technologies that the series features. The first TV series was adapted into the first season of Robotech in 1985, with edited content and a revised script.", "Q157324": "Fran\u00e7ois Pierre Guillaume Guizot (French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa pj\u025b\u0281 \u0261ijom \u0261izo]; 4 October 1787 \u2013 12 September 1874) was a French historian, orator, and statesman. Guizot was a dominant figure in French politics prior to the Revolution of 1848. A moderate liberal who opposed the attempt by King Charles X to usurp legislative power, he worked to sustain a constitutional monarchy following the July Revolution of 1830.\nHe then served the \"citizen king\" Louis Philippe, as Minister of Education, 1832\u201337, ambassador to London, Foreign Minister 1840\u20131847, and finally Prime Minister of France from 19 September 1847 to 23 February 1848. Guizot's influence was critical in expanding public education, which under his ministry saw the creation of primary schools in every French commune. But as a leader of the \"Doctrinaires\", committed to supporting the policies of Louis Phillipe and limitations on further expansion of the political franchise, he earned the hatred of more left-leaning liberals and republicans through his unswerving support for restricting suffrage to propertied men, advising those who wanted the vote to \"enrich yourselves\" (enrichissez-vous) through hard work and thrift.\nAs Prime Minister, it was Guizot's ban on the political meetings (called the campagne des banquets or the Paris Banquets, which were held by moderate liberals who wanted a larger extension of the franchise) of an increasingly vigorous opposition in January 1848 that catalyzed the revolution that toppled Louis Philippe in February and saw the establishment of the French Second Republic.", "Q111371": "Johann Georg Rist (23 November 1775 - 5 February 1847) was a Danish author, diplomat and statesman, originally from Holstein.", "Q242949": "Danica Mae McKellar (born January 3, 1975) is an American actress, mathematics writer, and education advocate. She played Winnie Cooper in the television series The Wonder Years from 1988\u20131993, and since 2010 has voiced Miss Martian in the animated superhero series Young Justice.\nIn 2015, McKellar was cast in the Netflix original series Project Mc2. She appears in several television films for Hallmark Channel. She is the current voice of Judy Jetson from The Jetsons since 2017 following Janet Waldo's death in 2016.\nIn addition to her acting work, McKellar later wrote six non-fiction books, all dealing with mathematics (as she has a bachelor's degree in mathematics from UCLA): Math Doesn't Suck, Kiss My Math, Hot X: Algebra Exposed, Girls Get Curves: Geometry Takes Shape, which encourage middle-school and high-school girls to have confidence and succeed in mathematics, Goodnight, Numbers, and Do Not Open This Math Book.", "Q107513": "Nadja Michael (born 1969) is a German opera singer with an active international career singing leading soprano roles. Her mother's great-aunt was the soprano Erna Sack.\nShe was born near Leipzig in Wurzen, then East Germany, and studied in Stuttgart and at the Jacobs School of Music (Indiana University). She began her career as a mezzo-soprano but became a soprano in April 2005. Michael has appeared at La Scala (Salome, 2007), Royal Opera House, Covent Garden (Salome, 2008), Vienna State Opera (Fidelio), Arena di Verona, Glyndebourne, Salzburg, Munich (Macbeth and Medea in Corinto), Brussels (M\u00e9d\u00e9e, 2008), Chicago (Macbeth, 2010), and Berlin (Wozzeck, under Daniel Barenboim, 2011).\nIn 2012, Michael made her Metropolitan Opera debut, as Lady Macbeth, opposite Thomas Hampson and Dimitri Pittas. In 2015 she returned to the company as Judith in Bluebeard's Castle of B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k. She resides in Berlin.", "Q309592": "Gregory Phillip Grunberg (born July 11, 1966) is an American television and film actor. He is best known for starring as Eric Weiss in the ABC series Alias, Matt Parkman in the NBC series Heroes, \"Snap\" Wexley in the Star Wars sequel trilogy, and Phil in A Star Is Born. He has often appeared in works produced and directed by his childhood friend J. J. Abrams like Felicity as Sean Blumberg. He was a recurring cast member in the first two seasons of the Showtime American television drama series Masters of Sex.", "Q326571": "Lester Carl Thurow (May 7, 1938 \u2013 March 25, 2016) was an American political economist, former dean of the MIT Sloan School of Management, and author of books on economic topics.", "Q141546": "For the 19th-century former mayor of Montreal, see Alphonse Desjardins (politician)Gabriel-Alphonse Desjardins (November 5, 1854 \u2013 October 31, 1920), born in L\u00e9vis, Quebec, was the co-founder of the Caisses Populaires Desjardins (today Desjardins Group), a forerunner of North American credit unions and community banks. For his contribution to the advancement of agriculture in the province of Quebec, he was posthumously inducted to the Agricultural Hall of Fame of Quebec in 1994", "Q63709": "Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow (22 August 1860 \u2013 24 August 1940) was a German technician and inventor. He invented the Nipkow disk, which laid the foundation of television, since his disk was a fundamental component in the first televisions. Hundreds of stations experimented with television broadcasting using his disk in the 1920s and 1930s, until it was superseded by all-electronic systems in the 1940s.\nThe first public television station in the world, Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow, was named in his honour.", "Q235519": "Constance Elaine Britton (n\u00e9e Womack; born March 6, 1967) is an American actress, singer, and producer. Britton made her feature film debut in the independent comedy-drama film The Brothers McMullen (1995), and the following year, she was cast as Nikki Faber on the ABC sitcom Spin City. She later starred in the short-lived sitcoms The Fighting Fitzgeralds (2001) and Lost at Home (2003), and appeared in several films, most notably the sports drama film Friday Night Lights (2004) and the thriller film The Last Winter (2006).Britton starred as Tami Taylor on the NBC/DirecTV drama series Friday Night Lights from 2006 to 2011. For this role, she received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. In 2011, she starred as Vivien Harmon in the first season of FX horror-drama series American Horror Story, for which she was nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie. She reprised her role for the eighth season of the show, Apocalypse. Britton starred as country singer Rayna Jaymes in the ABC/CMT musical drama series Nashville from 2012 to 2018, for which she was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama.In 2016, Britton had a recurring role as socialite Faye Resnick in the first season of FX true crime anthology series American Crime Story. In 2018, she starred as Abby Clark in the first season of the Fox procedural drama series 9-1-1, and received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress \u2013 Miniseries or Television Film for her performance as Debra Newell in the Bravo true crime anthology series Dirty John.In film, Britton starred in the romantic comedy-drama Seeking a Friend for the End of the World (2012), the romantic comedy The To Do List (2013), the comedy-drama This Is Where I Leave You (2014), the drama Me and Earl and the Dying Girl (2015), the action comedy American Ultra (2015), the period drama Professor Marston and the Wonder Women (2017), and the comedy-drama The Land of Steady Habits (2018).", "Q288098": "Murder by Death is a 1976 American comedy mystery film directed by Robert Moore and written by Neil Simon. The film stars Eileen Brennan, Truman Capote, James Coco, Peter Falk, Alec Guinness, Elsa Lanchester, David Niven, Peter Sellers, Maggie Smith, Nancy Walker, and Estelle Winwood.The plot is a broad parody or spoof of the traditional country-house whodunit, familiar to mystery fiction fans of classics such as Agatha Christie's And Then There Were None. The cast is an ensemble of British and American actors playing send-ups of well-known fictional sleuths, including Hercule Poirot, Miss Marple, Charlie Chan, Nick and Nora Charles, and Sam Spade. It also features a rare acting performance by author Truman Capote.\nThe film was presented at the Venice International Film Festival in September 5, 1976.", "Q74275": "Mai Shiraishi (\u767d\u77f3 \u9ebb\u8863, Shiraishi Mai, born August 20, 1992 in Gunma) is a Japanese singer, model and actress who is a member of the Japanese idol girl group Nogizaka46.", "Q90681": "J\u00f6rg Fauser (16 July 1944 in Bad Schwalbach \u2013 17 July 1987 in Munich) was a German writer, poet and journalist.\nThe influence of the American beat generation literature on his works is well known. Together with Carl Weissner and other colleagues he published several issues of the literature magazine Gasolin 23 which included work by William S. Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg and the first German translations of short stories by Charles Bukowski. His later works are mostly German detective stories. \"Der Schneemann\" has been made into a movie. He died when a truck hit him while walking on a motorway near Munich. Fauser's autobiographical novel, Rohstoff, a cutting look at the German counter-culture scene of the late 1960s and early 1970s, has been translated into English by Jamie Bulloch as Raw Material and published by Clerkenwell Press.", "Q3277342": "Niels Diffrient (6 September 1928 \u2013 8 June 2013) was an American industrial designer. Diffrient focused mainly on ergonomic seating, and his most well known designs are the Freedom and Liberty chairs, manufactured by Humanscale.", "Q438266": "Touriya Haoud (Arabic: \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0648\u062f\u200e; Macedonian: \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0443\u0434) is a Dutch actress, model, and singer. She lives in Los Angeles, California.", "Q1819342": "St Anne's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Once a women's college, it has been coeducational since 1979. Founded in 1879, it received full college status in 1952. It has some 450 undergraduate and 200 graduate students, and retains an original aim of allowing women of any financial background to study at Oxford. A recent admissions report shows St Anne's accepting the highest proportion of female students (55%) of any college. It stands between the Woodstock and Banbury roads, adjacent to the University Parks and the Radcliffe Observatory Quarter. In April 2017, Helen King, a retired Metropolitan Police Assistant Commissioner, became Principal in succession to Tim Gardam. Alumnae include Danny Alexander, Ruth Deech, Helen Fielding, Martha Kearney, Simon Rattle and Victor Ubogu.", "Q723826": "Nick Rhodes (born Nicholas James Bates, 8 June 1962) is an English musician, singer and producer, best known as a founding member and keyboardist of the new wave band Duran Duran. He is also informally monikered as \"The Controller\", after being introduced as such on stage by band mate Simon Le Bon during the Astronaut album world tours of 2004-2005. He is the youngest member of the original lineup.\nRhodes has been involved in several side projects outside of, but related to Duran Duran: he released albums with Arcadia in 1985 (featuring 3 members of Duran: Rhodes, Simon Le Bon and Roger Taylor), and recorded and performed as The Devils in 2002 with Stephen Duffy, longtime musical friend and the original lead singer of Duran Duran. In March 2013, he released the TV Mania side project with former Duran Duran guitarist, Warren Cuccurullo.", "Q4722649": "Alfred Erskine Marling (October 5, 1858 \u2013 May 29, 1935) was a Canadian-born American businessman. He served as the president of Horace S. Ely & Co. and later president of the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York.\n\n", "Q2904131": "Jeffrey Edward Epstein ( EP-steen; January 20, 1953 \u2013 August 10, 2019) was an American financier and convicted sex offender. He began his professional life as a teacher but then switched to the banking and finance sector in various roles, working at Bear Stearns before forming his own firm. He developed an elite social circle and procured many women, including underage girls, who were then sexually abused by Epstein and some of his contacts.In 2005, police in Palm Beach, Florida, began investigating Epstein after a parent complained that he had sexually abused her 14-year-old daughter. Epstein pleaded guilty and was convicted in 2008 by a Florida state court of procuring an underage girl for prostitution and of soliciting a prostitute. He served almost 13 months in custody, but with extensive work release. He was convicted of only these two crimes as part of a plea deal; federal officials had in fact identified 36 girls, some as young as 14 years old, whom Epstein had allegedly sexually abused.Epstein was arrested again on July 6, 2019, on federal charges for the sex trafficking of minors in Florida and New York. He died in his jail cell on August 10, 2019. The medical examiner ruled the death a suicide, although Epstein's lawyers have disputed the ruling. Because his death eliminated the possibility of pursuing criminal charges, a judge dismissed all criminal charges on August 29, 2019.", "Q22755": "Silvio Gesell (German: [\u0261\u0259\u02c8z\u025bl]; 17 March 1862 \u2013 11 March 1930) was a German merchant, theoretical economist, social activist, Georgist, anarchist, libertarian socialist, and founder of Freiwirtschaft. In 1900 he founded the magazine Geld-und Bodenreform (Monetary and Land Reform), but it soon closed for financial reasons. During one of his stays in Argentina, where he lived in a vegetarian commune, Gesell started the magazine Der Physiokrat together with Georg Blumenthal. In 1914, it closed due to censorship.\nThe Bavarian Soviet Republic, in which he participated, had a violent end and Gesell was detained for several months on a charge of treason, but was acquitted by a Munich court after a speech he gave in his own defence.\n\n", "Q254695": "Simone Jade Mackinnon (born 19 March 1973) is an Australian actress.", "Q107275": "Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal (25 February 1753, in Halberstadt \u2013 21 June 1819, in Halberstadt) was a German Protestant theologian and philologist.\nHe studied philology and theology at the University of Halle, and afterwards worked as a schoolteacher at the Stephaneum in Halberstadt. In 1800 he was named school rector, and during the same time period, was appointed to the consistory. In 1802 he became ecclesiastical superintendent of the Principality of Halberstadt and the counties of Hohenstein and Mansfeld.", "Q12696": "Nitobe Inaz\u014d (\u65b0\u6e21\u6238 \u7a32\u9020, September 1, 1862 \u2013 October 15, 1933) was a Japanese agricultural economist, author, educator, diplomat, politician, and Christian during the pre-World War II period.", "Q326217": "Diane Delano (born January 29, 1957) is an American character actress. She is known for her numerous roles in films and television, such as Sergeant Barbara Semanski on the CBS television series Northern Exposure and Roberta \"Bobbi\" Glass on The WB television series Popular.\nDelano was born on January 29, 1957, in Los Angeles, California. Aside from Bobbi Glass and her twin sister Nurse Jessi Glass on Popular, she played the role of Hilda, an FBI agent hired to protect Sami Brady, on Days of Our Lives. She also recently provided the voice for Big Barda in Batman: The Brave and the Bold. Prior to this, she had voiced the superheroine Pantha in Teen Titans.", "Q671812": "Chapel Hill is a town in Orange, Chatham, and Durham counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its population was 57,233 in the 2010 census, making Chapel Hill the 15th-largest city in the state. Chapel Hill, Durham, and the state capital, Raleigh, make up the corners of the Research Triangle (officially the Raleigh\u2013Durham\u2013Chapel Hill combined statistical area), with a total population of 1,998,808.The town was founded in 1793 and is centered on Franklin Street, covering 21.3 square miles (55 km2). It contains several districts and buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and UNC Health Care are a major part of the economy and town influence. Local artists have created many murals.", "Q329124": "Amos Elon (Hebrew: \u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05e1 \u05d0\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05df\u200e, July 4, 1926 \u2013 May 25, 2009) was an Israeli journalist and author.", "Q110709": "Annibale de Gasparis (9 November 1819, Bugnara \u2013 21 March 1892, Naples; Italian pronunciation: [an\u02c8ni\u02d0bale de \u02c8\u0261asparis]) was an Italian astronomer, known for discovering asteroids and his contributions to theoretical astronomy.\n\n", "Q74513": "Iyeoka Okoawo () (born April 28, 1975) is a Nigerian-American poet, recording artist, singer, activist, educator and TEDGlobal Fellow. Her music includes elements from soul, R&B, rock, hip hop, and jazz.", "Q108146": "Ida Friederike G\u00f6rres (2 December 1901, Schloss Ronsperg, Bohemia \u2013 15 May 1971, Frankfurt am Main), born Elisabeth Friederike, Reichsgr\u00e4fin Coudenhove-Kalergi, was an Austrian writer. From the Coudenhove-Kalergi family, she was the daughter, one of seven children, of Count Heinrich von Coudenhove-Kalergi and his Japanese wife Mitsuko Aoyama.", "Q347825": "John Allen Campbell (January 20, 1952 \u2013 June 13, 1993) was an American blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter.", "Q88970": "Julius Waldemar Grosse (25 April 1828 \u2013 9 May 1902), German poet, the son of a military chaplain, was born at Erfurt.", "Q679296": "Hans Gieng (first mentioned 1525 \u2013 died 1562) was a Swiss Renaissance sculptor best known for his public fountain figures in the Old Town of Bern as well as Fribourg.", "Q939297": "David Unaipon (born David Ngunaitponi) (28 September 1872 \u2013 7 February 1967) was an Indigenous Australian of the Ngarrindjeri people, a preacher, inventor and author. Unaipon's contribution to Australian society helped to break many Indigenous Australian stereotypes, and he is featured on the Australian $50 note in commemoration of his work. He was the son of preacher and writer James Unaipon.", "Q3877584": "Noam Jenkins is a Canadian actor, voice actor, and television director. He is best known for his portrayal as Aiden Pearce in the 2014 video game Watch Dogs, and Detective Jerry Barber on Global's Rookie Blue.\n\n", "Q272134": "Hanni Ossott (14 February 1946 \u2013 31 December 2002) was a poet, translator and critic from Venezuela. She was born in Caracas and she received her bachelor's degree in the Universidad Central de Venezuela, where she was also a professor. She was awarded the Jos\u00e9 Antonio Ramos Sucre Prize and the Lazo Mart\u00ed Prize and she worked as a translator and a critic.", "Q234161": "Alexandra Imelda Cecelia Ewen Burke (born 25 August 1988) is an English singer, songwriter and actress. Burke won the fifth series of British television series The X Factor in 2008. She has been signed to Epic Records, RCA Records and Syco Music.\nAfter winning The X Factor, Burke released the winner's single \"Hallelujah\", which became the European record holder for single sales over a period of 24 hours, selling 105,000 in one day, and became the top-selling single of 2008 in the UK and the UK's Christmas 2008 number one. By January 2009, the single had sold over 1 million copies in the UK alone, a first for a British female soloist. In 2009, Burke released her debut album, Overcome, which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and spawned four number-one singles on the UK Singles Chart and the Irish Singles Chart\u2014\"Hallelujah\", \"Bad Boys\", \"All Night Long\" and \"Start Without You\"\u2014and the album became one of the most successful albums of that year in the UK. The singles released from the album earned her three BRIT Award nominations. The album saw the release of UK top 10 hit, \"Broken Heels\" and \"The Silence\". \"Elephant\" was released as Burke's comeback single in February 2012, and \"Let It Go\" served as the second single and Burke's second album, Heartbreak on Hold, was released in June 2012.In June 2014, Burke replaced Beverley Knight in the lead role of Rachel Marron in the West End musical The Bodyguard, at the Adelphi Theatre, touring with the production in 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2019 In 2016, Burke commenced a 12-month residency in Sister Act The Musical, leading the cast as Deloris Van Cartier.In 2017, she took part in the entertainment show Strictly Come Dancing on the BBC. That same year, Burke signed a record deal with Universal Music Group's Decca Records. Her third album, The Truth Is, was released on 16 March 2018.", "Q72162": "Clandestine Childhood (Spanish: Infancia clandestina) is a 2011 Argentine historical drama film directed by Benjam\u00edn \u00c1vila and starring Natalia Oreiro, Ernesto Alterio and C\u00e9sar Troncoso.\nCritically acclaimed, the film won ten awards from the Argentine Academy of Cinematography Arts and Sciences and five awards from the Argentine Film Critics Association, including the Silver Condor Award for Best Film, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, Best Actress, and Best Supporting Actress. It was Argentina's submission for the 2013 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film to be presented in February 2013 at the 85th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist.", "Q20631047": "Brendan Fernandes (born 1979) is a Canadian contemporary artist. He specializes in installation and visual art and currently serves as a faculty member at Northwestern University teaching art theory and practice.\n\n", "Q569983": "Anson Jones (January 20, 1798 \u2013 January 9, 1858), also known as the Architect of Annexation was a doctor, businessperson, member of Congress, and the fourth and last President of the Republic of Texas.", "Q69224": "Herrliberg is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q134867": "Daniel Francis Boyle (born 20 October 1956) is an English director of film and stage, producer, and screenwriter. He is known for his work on films including Shallow Grave, Trainspotting and its sequel T2 Trainspotting, The Beach, 28 Days Later, Sunshine, Slumdog Millionaire, 127 Hours, Steve Jobs and Yesterday. His debut film Shallow Grave won the BAFTA Award for Best British Film. The British Film Institute ranked Trainspotting the 10th greatest British film of the 20th century.\nBoyle's 2008 film Slumdog Millionaire, the most successful British film of the decade, was nominated for ten Academy Awards and won eight, including the Academy Award for Best Director. He also won the Golden Globe and BAFTA Award for Best Director. Boyle was presented with the Extraordinary Contribution to Filmmaking Award at the 2008 Austin Film Festival, where he also introduced that year's AFF Audience Award Winner Slumdog Millionaire.\nIn 2012, Boyle was the artistic director for Isles of Wonder, the opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was subsequently offered a knighthood as part of the New Year Honours, but declined. In 2014, it was announced that Boyle would become a patron of HOME in Manchester.In February 2017, Boyle announced his bid to help launch a \u00a330 million film and media school in Manchester, stating: \"This is just what Manchester needs and I am delighted to be part of the International Screen School Manchester.\"", "Q79037": "Spider-Man is a fictional superhero created by writer-editor Stan Lee and writer-artist Steve Ditko. He first appeared in the anthology comic book Amazing Fantasy #15 (August 1962) in the Silver Age of Comic Books. He appears in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, as well as in a number of movies, television shows, and video game adaptations set in the Marvel Universe. In the stories, Spider-Man is the alias of Peter Parker, an orphan raised by his Aunt May and Uncle Ben in New York City after his parents Richard and Mary Parker were killed in a plane crash. Lee and Ditko had the character deal with the struggles of adolescence and financial issues, and accompanied him with many supporting characters, such as J. Jonah Jameson, Harry Osborn, Max Modell, romantic interests Gwen Stacy and Mary Jane Watson, and foes such as Doctor Octopus, the Green Goblin and Venom. His origin story has him acquiring spider-related abilities after a bite from a radioactive spider; these include clinging to surfaces, shooting spider-webs from wrist-mounted devices, and detecting danger with his \"spider-sense\".\nWhen Spider-Man first appeared in the early 1960s, teenagers in superhero comic books were usually relegated to the role of sidekick to the protagonist. The Spider-Man series broke ground by featuring Peter Parker, a high school student from Queens behind Spider-Man's secret identity and with whose \"self-obsessions with rejection, inadequacy, and loneliness\" young readers could relate. While Spider-Man had all the makings of a sidekick, unlike previous teen heroes such as Bucky and Robin, Spider-Man had no superhero mentor like Captain America and Batman; he thus had to learn for himself that \"with great power there must also come great responsibility\"\u2014a line included in a text box in the final panel of the first Spider-Man story but later retroactively attributed to his guardian, the late Uncle Ben.\nMarvel has featured Spider-Man in several comic book series, the first and longest-lasting of which is The Amazing Spider-Man. Over the years, the Peter Parker character developed from a shy, nerdy New York City high school student to troubled but outgoing college student, to married high school teacher to, in the late 2000s, a single freelance photographer. In the 2010s, he joins the Avengers, Marvel's flagship superhero team. Spider-Man's nemesis Doctor Octopus also took on the identity for a story arc spanning 2012\u20132014, following a body swap plot in which Peter appears to die. Marvel has also published books featuring alternate versions of Spider-Man, including Spider-Man 2099, which features the adventures of Miguel O'Hara, the Spider-Man of the future; Ultimate Spider-Man, which features the adventures of a teenaged Peter Parker in an alternate universe; and Ultimate Comics Spider-Man, which depicts the teenager Miles Morales, who takes up the mantle of Spider-Man after Ultimate Peter Parker's supposed death. Miles is later brought into mainstream continuity, where he works alongside Peter.\nSpider-Man is one of the most popular and commercially successful superheroes. As Marvel's flagship character and company mascot, he has appeared in countless forms of media, including several animated and live action television series, syndicated newspaper comic strips, and in a series of films. The character was first portrayed in live action by Danny Seagren in Spidey Super Stories, a The Electric Company skit which ran from 1974 to 1977. In films, Spider-Man has been portrayed by actors Tobey Maguire, Andrew Garfield, and in the Marvel Cinematic Universe by Tom Holland. He was voiced by Chris Pine and Jake Johnson in the animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse. Reeve Carney starred originally as Spider-Man in the 2010 Broadway musical Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark. Spider-Man has been well received as a superhero and comic book character, and he is often ranked as one of the most popular and iconic comic book characters of all time and one of the most popular characters in all fiction.", "Q29600": "Aim\u00e9e & Jaguar is a 1999 German drama film set in Berlin during World War II. It was written and directed by Max F\u00e4rberb\u00f6ck and based on Erica Fischer's book chronicling the actual lives of Lilly Wust and Felice Schragenheim during that time. Before Erica Fischer's bestseller, Lilly Wust was tracked down by the American journalist, author, and noted Holocaust researcher Charles Brady, who considered Lilly Wust a Holocaust victim. It was over a year and a half, however, before Wust was able to confide in Brady and tell him her whole story. They remained close friends for 20 years until her death in 2006.\nFischer's book contains photos of the many letters shared between herself and Wust, and of official correspondence after World War II in regard to Felice's whereabouts. The movie stars Juliane K\u00f6hler as Lilly Wust and Maria Schrader as Felice Schragenheim, as well as Johanna Wokalek, Elisabeth Degen, Heike Makatsch and Detlev Buck.", "Q103013": "Hans Ertl (21 February 1908 in Munich, Germany \u2013 23 October 2000 in Chiquitania, Bolivia) was a German mountaineer and cinematographer.", "Q1262136": "The Mirogoj Cemetery (pronounced [m\u00eer\u0254\u0261\u0254\u02d0j]) is a cemetery park that is considered to be among the more noteworthy landmarks in the City of Zagreb. The cemetery inters members of all religious groups: Catholic, Orthodox, Muslim, Jewish, Protestant, Latter Day Saints; irreligious graves can all be found. In the arcades are the last resting places of many famous Croatians.", "Q84192": "Maximilian I (Spanish: Fernando Maximiliano Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda de Habsburgo-Lorena; 6 July 1832 \u2013 19 June 1867) was the only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire. He was a younger brother of the Austrian emperor Franz Joseph I. After a distinguished career in the Austrian Navy as its commander, he accepted an offer by Napoleon III of France to rule Mexico, conditional on a national plebiscite in his favour. France, together with Spain and the United Kingdom, invaded the Mexican Republic in the winter of 1861, ostensibly to collect debts; the Spanish and British both withdrew the following year after negotiating agreements with Mexico's republican government, while France sought to conquer the country. Seeking to legitimize French rule, Napoleon III invited Maximilian to establish a new pro-French Mexican monarchy. With the support of the French army and a group of Conservative Party monarchists hostile to the Liberal Party administration of the new Mexican president, Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Maximilian was offered the position of Emperor of Mexico, which he accepted on 10 April 1864.The Empire managed to gain the recognition of several European powers, including Britain, Austria, and Prussia. The United States however, continued to recognize Ju\u00e1rez as the legal president of Mexico. Maximilian never completely defeated the Mexican Republic; Republican forces led by Ju\u00e1rez continued to be active during Maximilian's rule. With the end of the American Civil War in 1865, the United States (which had been too distracted by its own conflict to respond to the Europeans' 1861 invasion in what it considered to be its sphere of influence) began providing more explicit aid to Ju\u00e1rez's forces. Matters worsened for Maximilian after French armies withdrew from Mexico in 1866. The Empire collapsed, and he was captured and executed by the Mexican government, which then restored the Mexican Republic.", "Q67209": "Teufen is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q39413": "John Lawry (born June 15, 1950) is a Christian rock musician, composer, producer, and songwriter. He was the keyboardist of Petra from 1984 to 1994. After his departure, Lawry dedicated himself to producing and record engineering. From 2010 to 2012, he rejoined some of his former Petra bandmates to record and tour under the name of Classic Petra. In 2013, he officially rejoined Petra as their keyboardist.", "Q432993": "Jill Suzanne Wagner (born January 13, 1979) is an American film and television actress, model, and game show personality. She was a co-host for the ABC comic competition show Wipeout from 2008 to 2014.", "Q231019": "Agnieszka Holland (born 28 November 1948) is a Polish film and television director and screenwriter. Best known for her political contributions to Polish cinema, Holland is one of Poland's most eminent filmmakers. She began her career as assistant to directors Krzysztof Zanussi and Andrzej Wajda, and emigrated to France shortly before the 1981 imposition of the martial law in Poland.\nHolland is best known for her films Europa Europa (1991) and her 2011 drama In Darkness, which was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards. In 2017 she received Alfred Bauer Prize (Silver Bear) for her film Spoor at the Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q852423": "Laryngeal cancers are mostly squamous cell carcinomas, reflecting their origin from the skin of the larynx.\nCancer can develop in any part of the larynx, but the cure rate is affected by the location of the tumour. For the purposes of staging, the larynx is divided into three anatomical regions: the glottis (true vocal cords, anterior and posterior commissures); the supraglottis (epiglottis, arytenoids and aryepiglottic folds, and false cords); and the subglottis.\nMost laryngeal cancers originate in the glottis. Supraglottic cancers are less common, and subglottic tumours are least frequent.\nLaryngeal cancer may spread by direct extension to adjacent structures, by metastasis to regional cervical lymph nodes, or more distantly, through the blood stream. Distant metastases to the lung are most common. In 2018 it occurred in 177,000 people resulting in 94,800 deaths up from 76,000 deaths in 1990. Five year survival rates in the United States are 60.3%.", "Q1594388": "Sir Jack Arnold Hayward (14 June 1923 \u2013 13 January 2015) was an English businessman, property developer, philanthropist and president of English football club Wolverhampton Wanderers.\n\n", "Q370736": "The Cape of Good Hope, also known as the Cape Colony (Dutch: Kaapkolonie), was a British colony in present-day South Africa, named after the Cape of Good Hope. The British colony was preceded by an earlier Dutch colony of the same name, the Kaap de Goede Hoop, established in 1652 by the Dutch East India Company. The Cape was under Dutch rule from 1652 to 1795 and again from 1803 to 1806. The Dutch lost the colony to Great Britain following the 1795 Battle of Muizenberg, but had it returned following the 1802 Peace of Amiens. It was re-occupied by the UK following the Battle of Blaauwberg in 1806, and British possession affirmed with the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814.\nThe Cape of Good Hope then remained in the British Empire, becoming self-governing in 1872, and uniting with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa in 1910. It then was renamed the Province of the Cape of Good Hope. South Africa became a sovereign state in 1931 by the Statute of Westminster. In 1961 it became the Republic of South Africa and obtained its own monetary unit called the Rand. Following the 1994 creation of the present-day South African provinces, the Cape Province was partitioned into the Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, and Western Cape, with smaller parts in North West province.\nThe Cape of Good Hope was coextensive with the later Cape Province, stretching from the Atlantic coast inland and eastward along the southern coast, constituting about half of modern South Africa: the final eastern boundary, after several wars against the Xhosa, stood at the Fish River. In the north, the Orange River, also known as the Gariep River, served as the boundary for some time, although some land between the river and the southern boundary of Botswana was later added to it. From 1878, the colony also included the enclave of Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands, both in what is now Namibia.", "Q32221": "Kristian W\u00e5hlin (born 1971) is a Swedish musician, graphic designer, and album cover artist for many bands in the extreme metal scene worldwide. He is often credited under his pseudonym, Necrolord.", "Q222064": "Hilde is a 2009 German biographical film directed by Kai Wessel\nand starring Heike Makatsch, Dan Stevens and Monica Bleibtreu. It depicts the life of the German actress Hildegard Knef.", "Q3569454": "Wishart McLea Robertson, (February 15, 1891 \u2013 August 16, 1967) was a politician in Nova Scotia, Canada.\nRobertson's paternal grandfather, Robert Robertson, was a member of Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1854 until 1878. His father, Thomas Robertson was also a member of the provincial legislature, as well as serving as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) from 1882 to 1887. His mother was Josephine Allan.\nBorn in Barrington Passage, Nova Scotia, Wishart Robertson was educated in a Nova Scotia high school. He moved to Brooklyn, United States, to enter business, but returned to Canada in 1916 to join the 219th Battalion and then the 85th Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force as a lieutenant. In 1918, he returned to Canada following World War I, and entered the automobile industry. In 1919, Robertson married Ethel Walker. He eventually became president and manager of Argyle Motor Services Ltd. and of Robertson Motors Ltd. of Halifax, Nova Scotia.\nIn 1928, he was elected to the provincial legislature, representing the riding previously held by his father and grandfather before him had represented. He did not run for re-election in 1933. In 1943, he was elected President of the National Liberal Federation of Canada, and was appointed to the Senate of Canada on February 19 of that year.\nSenator Robertson was appointed to the cabinet as Leader of the Government in the Canadian Senate and minister without portfolio in 1945. He served as a delegate to the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1946. He was active in the civil section of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and helped establish international parliamentary groups to help set out the political, economic and social goals of NATO.\nRobertson was appointed Speaker of the Senate of Canada in 1953. He continued his efforts with NATO, and formed the Canadian NATO Parliamentary Association in 1954 with himself as president. He encouraged the formation of similar associations in other countries. He won the 1954 Atlantic Award for outstanding service to the NATO community for his efforts that ultimately led to the formation of the NATO International Parliamentary Association in July 1955. Senator Robertson was Chairman of the founding conference, and was elected Honorary Life President of the international association.\nRobertson's term as the Senate's speaker ended with the defeat of the Liberal government in the 1957 election. Robertson remained a Senator until his resignation in 1965 due to ill health. He died in Ottawa at the age of 76.", "Q458593": "Daniel Prenn (7 September 1904 \u2013 3 September 1991) was a Russian-born German, Polish, and British tennis player who was Jewish. He was ranked the World No. 6 for 1932 by A. Wallis Myers, and the European No. 1 by \"American Lawn Tennis\" magazine. He was ranked world # 8 in 1929 (Bill Tilden), world # 7 in 1934 (American Lawn Tennis), and was ranked # 1 in Germany for the four years from 1928 to 1932. He was a runner-up for the mixed doubles title of Wimbledon in 1930. When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, they barred him from playing because he was Jewish. He emigrated from Germany to England, and later became a successful businessman.", "Q234606": "Martha Helen Stewart (n\u00e9e Kostyra; Polish pronunciation: [k\u0254'st\u0268ra]; born August 3, 1941) is an American retail businesswoman, writer, television personality, former model, and convicted felon. As founder of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, she gained success through a variety of business ventures, encompassing publishing, broadcasting, merchandising, and e-commerce. She has written numerous bestselling books, is the publisher of Martha Stewart Living magazine, and hosted two syndicated television programs, Martha, which ran from 2005 to 2012, and Martha Stewart Living, which ran from 1993 to 2004.\nIn 2004, Stewart was convicted of charges related to the ImClone stock trading case. There was speculation that the incident would effectively end her media empire, but in 2005 Stewart began a comeback campaign and her company returned to profitability in 2006. Stewart rejoined the board of directors of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia in 2011 and became chairwoman of her namesake company again in 2012. The company was acquired by Sequential Brands in 2015.", "Q1738970": "Michel Murr (Arabic: \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0651\u200e) is a Lebanese politician and businessman.", "Q65379": "Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, commonly known as Virginia Tech and by the initials VT and VPI, is a public, land-grant, research university with its main campus in Blacksburg, Virginia. It also has educational facilities in six regions statewide and a study-abroad site in Riva San Vitale, Switzerland. Through its Corps of Cadets ROTC program, Virginia Tech is also designated as one of six senior military colleges in the United States.Virginia Tech offers 280 undergraduate and graduate degree programs to some 34,400 students and manages a research portfolio of $522 million, placing it 46th among universities in the U.S. for research expenditures and the only Virginia school listed among the top 50. Virginia Tech is the state's second-largest public university by enrollment. The deadliest mass shooting on an American college campus occurred on campus in 2007, during which a student fatally shot 32 other students and faculty members and wounded 23 other people.\n\n", "Q14580": "Weggis is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.\nIt forms part of the northern shore of Lake Lucerne. The official language is German.", "Q299194": "Aaron Benjamin Sorkin (born June 9, 1961) is an American screenwriter, director, producer, and playwright. His works include the Broadway plays A Few Good Men, The Farnsworth Invention and To Kill a Mockingbird; the television series Sports Night, The West Wing, Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip, and The Newsroom; and the films A Few Good Men, The American President, Charlie Wilson's War, Moneyball, and Steve Jobs. For writing The Social Network, he won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, among other awards. He made his feature directorial debut in 2017 with Molly's Game, which he also wrote.\nSorkin's trademark rapid-fire dialogue and extended monologues are complemented, in television, by frequent collaborator Thomas Schlamme's characteristic directing technique called the \"walk and talk\". These sequences consist of single tracking shots of long duration involving multiple characters engaging in conversation as they move through the set; characters enter and exit the conversation as the shot continues without any cuts.", "Q253845": "H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Grimaud (born 7 November 1969) is a French classical pianist and the founder of the Wolf Conservation Center in South Salem, New York.\n\n", "Q3893617": "Paola Perego (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8pa\u02d0ola \u02c8p\u025b\u02d0re\u0261o], born 17 April 1966) is an Italian television host.", "Q372121": "Marcel Perez, born Marcel Fern\u00e1ndez P\u00e9rez (January 29, 1884 \u2013 February 8, 1929), was an internationally celebrated Spanish-born creator and star of over 200 silent comedy short subjects. He directed himself in nearly two-thirds of these films, acting, on two continents under such names as Marcel Fabre, Michel Fabre, Fernandea Perez, Manuel Fern\u00e1ndez P\u00e9rez, Robinet, Tweedy, Tweedledum, and Twede-Dan.", "Q241299": "Julia Ward Howe (; May 27, 1819 \u2013 October 17, 1910) was an American poet and author, known for writing \"The Battle Hymn of the Republic\". She was also an advocate for abolitionism and a social activist, particularly for women's suffrage.", "Q69543": "Karl Theodor Ferdinand Gr\u00fcn (German: [\u02c8ka\u0281l \u02c8\u0261\u0281y\u02d0n]; 30 September 1817 \u2013 18 February 1887), also known by his alias Ernst von der Haide, was a German journalist, philosopher, political theorist and socialist politician. He played a prominent role in radical political movements leading up to the Revolution of 1848 and participated in the revolution. He was an associate of Heinrich Heine, Ludwig Feuerbach, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Karl Marx, Mikhail Bakunin and other radical political figures of the era. Though less widely known today, Gr\u00fcn was an important figure in the German Vorm\u00e4rz, Young Hegelian philosophy and the democratic and socialist movements in nineteenth-century Germany. As a target of Marx's criticism, Gr\u00fcn played a role in the development of early Marxism; through his philosophical influence on Proudhon, he had a certain influence on the development of French socialist theory.", "Q5292727": "Don Haggerty (July 3, 1914 \u2013 August 19, 1988) was an American actor of film and television. Before he began appearing in films in 1947, Haggerty was a Brown University athlete and served in the United States military.", "Q66670": "Oberb\u00fcren is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q79750": "Decatur is a city in Morgan and Limestone counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. The city, nicknamed \"The River City\", is located in Northern Alabama on the banks of Wheeler Lake, along the Tennessee River. It is the largest city and county seat of Morgan County. The population in 2010 was 55,683.Decatur is also the core city of the two-county large Decatur, Alabama metropolitan area which had an estimated population of 153,374 in 2013. Combined with the Huntsville Metropolitan Area, the two create the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area, of which Decatur is the second-largest city.\nLike many southern cities in the early 19th century, Decatur's early success was based upon its location along a river. Railroad routes and boating traffic pushed the city to the front of North Alabama's economic atmosphere. The city rapidly grew into a large economic center within the Tennessee Valley and was a hub for travelers and cargo between Nashville and Mobile, as well as Chattanooga and New Orleans. Throughout the 20th century, the city experienced steady growth, but was eclipsed as the regional economic center by the fast-growing Huntsville during the space race. The city now finds its economy heavily based on manufacturing, mining, cargo transit, chemical, and high-tech companies such as Vulcan Materials, Daikin, Toray, and United Launch Alliance.", "Q82284": "Francis Curray McHugh (May 23, 1898 \u2013 September 11, 1981), was an American stage, radio, film and television actor.", "Q362332": "David Cross (born April 4, 1964) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, director, and writer, known primarily for his stand-up performances, the HBO sketch comedy series Mr. Show (1995\u20131999), and his role as Tobias F\u00fcnke in the sitcom Arrested Development (2003\u2013present). Cross created, wrote, executive produced, and starred in The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret (2010\u20132016), developed and had a prominent role in Freak Show (2006), appeared on Modern Family (2011\u20132012) and portrayed Ian Hawke in the first three live action/CGI films starring Alvin and the Chipmunks (2007\u20132011). Cross has also done voice work for the sitcom Oliver Beene (2003\u20132004), and has had lead voice-over roles in the Kung Fu Panda film franchise (2008\u20132016), Megamind (2010) and Next Gen (2018).\nIn 1993, he won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series for his work on The Ben Stiller Show. For Mr. Show, he gained three Primetime Emmy Award nominations, and for Arrested Development, Cross was nominated for a Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Television Series, and, along with his cast, for three Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series. For his stand-up specials, he was nominated for several Grammy Awards.", "Q266626": "Rosa Elena Garc\u00eda Echave (born 16 September 1964), better known as Rossy de Palma, is a Spanish actress.", "Q163080": "Kal\u0101kaua (David La\u02bbamea Kamananakapu Mahinulani Naloiaehuokalani Lumialani Kal\u0101kaua; November 16, 1836 \u2013 January 20, 1891), sometimes called The Merrie Monarch, was the last king and penultimate monarch of the Kingdom of Hawai\u02bbi, reigning from February 12, 1874, until his death. Succeeding Lunalilo, he was elected to the vacant throne of Hawai\u02bbi against Queen Emma. Kal\u0101kaua had a convivial personality and enjoyed entertaining guests with his singing and ukulele playing. At his coronation and his birthday jubilee, the hula that had been banned from public in the kingdom became a celebration of Hawaiian culture.\nDuring his reign, the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 brought great prosperity to the kingdom. Its renewal continued the prosperity but allowed the United States to have exclusive use of Pearl Harbor. In 1881, he took a trip around the world to encourage the immigration of contract sugar plantation workers. Kal\u0101kaua wanted Hawaiians to broaden their education beyond their nation. He instituted a government-financed program to sponsor qualified students to be sent abroad to further their education. Two of Kal\u0101kaua's projects, the statue of Kamehameha I and the rebuilding of \u02bbIolani Palace, were expensive endeavors but are popular tourist attractions today.\nExtravagant expenditures and his plans for a Polynesian confederation played into the hands of annexationists who were already working towards a United States takeover of Hawai\u02bbi. In 1887, he was pressured to sign a new constitution that made the monarchy little more than a figurehead position. He had faith in his sister Lili\u02bbuokalani's abilities to rule as regent when he named her as his heir-apparent following the death of their brother, William Pitt Leleiohoku II, in 1877. After his death, she became the last monarch of Hawai\u02bbi.", "Q847990": "Martin Odersky (born 5 September 1958) is a German computer scientist and professor of programming methods at \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland. He specializes in code analysis and programming languages. He designed the Scala programming language and Generic Java (and Pizza before) both with others. He implemented the GJ compiler, and his implementation became the basis of javac, the Java compiler. In 2007, he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.\nIn 1989, he received his Ph.D. from ETH Zurich under the supervision of Niklaus Wirth, who is best known as the designer of several programming languages, including Pascal. He did postdoctoral work at IBM and Yale University.\nOn 12 May 2011, Odersky and collaborators launched Typesafe Inc. (renamed Lightbend Inc., February 2016 (2016-02)), a company to provide commercial support, training, and services for Scala.He teaches two courses on the Coursera online learning platform: Functional Programming Principles in Scala and Functional Program Design in Scala.", "Q70012": "Ettingen (Swiss German: Ettige) is a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q189459": "In Islam, the ulama (; Arabic: \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u200e \u02bfUlam\u0101\u02be, singular \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645 \u02bf\u0100lim, \"scholar\", literally \"the learned ones\", also spelled ulema; feminine: alimah [singular] and uluma [plural]) are the guardians, transmitters and interpreters of religious knowledge in Islam, including Islamic doctrine and law.By longstanding tradition, ulama are educated in religious institutions (madrasas). The Quran and sunnah (authentic hadith), are the scriptural sources of traditional Islamic law.\n\n", "Q103774": "Ravi Shankar (Bengali pronunciation: [\u02c8robi \u02c8\u0283\u0254\u014bkor]; born Robindro Shaunkor Chowdhury, spelled Ravindra Shankar Chowdhury in Sanskrit; 7 April 1920 \u2013 11 December 2012), whose name is often preceded by the title Pandit (Master) and \"Sitar maestro\", was an Indian musician and a composer of Hindustani classical music. He was the best-known proponent of the sitar in the second half of the 20th century and influenced many other musicians throughout the world. Shankar was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1999.\nShankar was born to a Bengali Brahmin family in India, and spent his youth as a dancer touring India and Europe with the dance group of his brother Uday Shankar. He gave up dancing in 1938 to study sitar playing under court musician Allauddin Khan. After finishing his studies in 1944, Shankar worked as a composer, creating the music for the Apu Trilogy by Satyajit Ray, and was music director of All India Radio, New Delhi, from 1949 to 1956.\nIn 1956, Shankar began to tour Europe and the Americas playing Indian classical music and increased its popularity there in the 1960s through teaching, performance, and his association with violinist Yehudi Menuhin and Beatles guitarist George Harrison. His influence on the latter helped popularize the use of Indian instruments in pop music in the latter half of the 1960s. Shankar engaged Western music by writing compositions for sitar and orchestra, and toured the world in the 1970s and 1980s. From 1986 to 1992, he served as a nominated member of Rajya Sabha, the upper chamber of the Parliament of India. He continued to perform until the end of his life.", "Q561460": "Anna Katharina Kraft (3 October 1985) is a German television presenter and former athlete.\n\n", "Q16397": "Lee Jun-fan (Chinese: \u674e\u632f\u85e9; November 27, 1940 \u2013 July 20, 1973), known professionally as Bruce Lee (Chinese: \u674e\u5c0f\u9f8d), was a Hong Kong American actor, director, martial artist, martial arts instructor, and philosopher. He was the founder of Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial arts philosophy drawing from different combat disciplines that is often credited with paving the way for modern mixed martial arts (MMA). Lee is considered by commentators, critics, media, and other martial artists to be the most influential martial artist of all time and a pop culture icon of the 20th century, who bridged the gap between East and West. He is often credited with helping to change the way Asians were presented in American films.The son of Cantonese opera star Lee Hoi-chuen, Lee was born in the Chinatown area of San Francisco, California, on November 27, 1940, to parents from Hong Kong, and was raised with his family in Kowloon, Hong Kong. He was introduced to the film industry by his father and appeared in several films as a child actor. Lee moved to the United States at the age of 18 to receive his higher education at the University of Washington in Seattle, and it was during this time that he began teaching martial arts. His Hong Kong and Hollywood-produced films elevated the traditional Hong Kong martial arts film to a new level of popularity and acclaim, sparking a surge of interest in Chinese martial arts in the West in the 1970s. The direction and tone of his films dramatically changed and influenced martial arts and martial arts films in Hollywood, Hong Kong, and the rest of the world.He is noted for his roles in five feature-length martial arts films in the early 1970s: Lo Wei's The Big Boss (1971) and Fist of Fury (1972); Golden Harvest's Way of the Dragon (1972), directed and written by Lee; Golden Harvest and Warner Brothers' Enter the Dragon (1973) and The Game of Death (1978), both directed by Robert Clouse. Lee became an iconic figure known throughout the world, particularly among the Chinese, based upon his portrayal of Chinese nationalism in his films and among Asian Americans for defying stereotypes associated with the emasculated Asian male. He trained in the art of Wing Chun and later combined his other influences from various sources into the spirit of his personal martial arts philosophy, which he dubbed Jeet Kune Do (The Way of the Intercepting Fist). Lee had residences in Hong Kong and Seattle. He died on July 20, 1973 at the age of 32.\n\n", "Q103012": "Count Georg Friedrich Armand von der Decken (5 October 1836 in Braunschweig - 19 August 1898 in Salzgitter-Ringelheim) was owner of Castle Ringelheim and a member of the German Reichstag.", "Q740364": "Yang Yuanqing (simplified Chinese: \u6768\u5143\u5e86; traditional Chinese: \u694a\u5143\u6176; pinyin: Y\u00e1ng Yu\u00e1nq\u00ecng, born 12 November 1964) is a Chinese businessman who is the current chairman and CEO of Lenovo. According to Hurun Report's 2013 China Rich List, he had an estimated fortune of around US$620 million and is the 533rd richest person in China.", "Q7060402": "The Northwestern University School of Communication is an undergraduate and graduate institution devoted to the academic study of communication arts and sciences, located on Northwestern University's campus in Evanston, Illinois, United States, about 12 miles north of downtown Chicago. The School also has a campus in Education City in Doha, Qatar, as part of Northwestern's Qatar Campus.The school's mission is to \"advance the arts, sciences, and practices of human communication through every appropriate means, and especially through education, scholarship, artistic work, policy analysis, and advocacy.\" The school offers 6 major degrees, 2 dual degree programs, 5 minor degrees, and 16 module certifications for undergraduates, as well as 10 masters programs, 4 masters/doctorate programs, and 5 doctorate programs for graduates. It consists of five departments: the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Department of Communication Studies, Department of Performance Studies, Department of Radio/Television/Film, and Department of Theatre.Many School of Communication alumni who have made their mark in film and television include Ann-Margret, Warren Beatty, David Schwimmer, Anne Dudek, Zooey Deschanel, and Julia Louis-Dreyfus.", "Q220115": "Saint Nicholas, Equal-to-the-Apostles, Archbishop of Japan, born Ivan Dimitrovich Kasatkin (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043d; 13 August [O.S. 1 August] 1836 \u2013 16 February 1912) was a Russian Orthodox priest, monk, and bishop. He introduced the Eastern Orthodox Church to Japan. The Orthodox cathedral of Tokyo (metropolitan diocese of Japan), Tokyo Resurrection Cathedral, was informally named after him as Nikorai-do, first by the local community, and today nationwide, in remembrance of his work.", "Q61679": "Reinhold Mack, also known as Mack, is a German record producer and sound engineer, mostly known for his collaborations with rock bands Electric Light Orchestra and Queen. Most of this work took place at Giorgio Moroder's Musicland Studios in Munich, which became famous after Marc Bolan and T. Rex (with producer Tony Visconti) first discovered it for recordings in 1973. In 1981 the Queen album The Game brought Mack and the band a Grammy Award nomination for Producer of the Year (Non-Classical).Mack's third son, John Frederick Mack, was named by Freddie Mercury and was a godson of both Mercury and Queen bass guitarist John Deacon.Mack is referenced in the lyrics of the Queen song \"Dragon Attack\" on their 1980 album The Game, which he produced with the band: \"gonna use my stack/it's gotta be Mack\".", "Q5980297": "Iachim Sergheevici Grosul (name also rendered as Yakim Grosul) (born September 21, 1912 Caraga\u015f village, Slobozia district \u2013 died September 28, 1976, Chi\u0219in\u0103u) was a Moldovan scientist, and the first president of the Academy of Science of the Moldavian SSR in the Soviet Union (1961-1976).", "Q283872": "Veronica Cartwright (born 20 April 1949) is a British-born American actress who has worked mainly in US film and television in a career spanning six decades. As a child actress, she appeared in supporting roles in The Children's Hour and The Birds. She is best known for her roles in the 1970s science fiction films Invasion of the Body Snatchers and Alien, for which she won a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress. In the 1980s, she appeared in The Right Stuff and The Witches of Eastwick. In the 1990s, she received three Emmy nominations as Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her roles on the television series ER and The X-Files.", "Q531531": "Sokol Olldashi (17 December 1972 \u2013 20 November 2013) was an Albanian politician. A member of the Democratic Party of Albania, he was the Minister of Public Works, Transportation and Telecommunications in the cabinet of Sali Berisha.\nAfter the conclusion of the defeat in the parliamentary elections of 23 June 2013, Sokol Olldashi ran for the office of the chairman of the Democratic Party, after the resignation of its leader Sali Berisha.\nHe died on 20 November 2013 in a car accident in the outskirts of Tirana.He is survived by his wife Enkeleida and two sons, Glauk and Kleit.", "Q3318790": "Sakher El Materi (Mohamed Sakhr El Materi, Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0631\u064a\u200e, born 2 December 1981) is a Tunisian businessman. He is the son-in-law of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, who was President of Tunisia until 2011. In 2010 (prior to the Tunisian revolution), Materi's company Princesse El-Materi Holdings was operating in six industry sectors: News and Media, Banking and Financial Services, Automotive, Shipping and Cruises, Real Estate and Agriculture. A member of the ruling Constitutional Democratic Rally, he was elected as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies of Tunisia for the constituency of Tunis on 25 October 2009. He was struck off by the party after the 2011 Tunisian Revolution. After the revolution El Materi fled the country and went to the Seychelles.", "Q101605": "Robert Boehringer (30 July 1884 in Winnenden \u2013 9 August 1974 in Geneva) was a German industrialist and poet.\nBoehringer was the son of a factory owner. He spent his childhood, youth, and his student years in Basel, where he also had his Ph.D. approved at the local university. Until 1920 he was the head of the family firm C.H. Boehringer in Ingelheim. From 1931 he took part in the establishment of Hoffmann-La Roche in Basel. In 1930 he settled in Geneva.\nAfter the outbreak of World War II Boehringer gave up his German citizenship and became a Swiss national. He founded the Commission mixte de Secours de la Croix Rouge Internationale and after the war he worked for J. R. Geigy AG.\nFrom about 1905 Boehringer became a member of the circle of Stefan George and one of his most trusted friends. After George's death Boehringer became inheritor and administrator of George's estate. In 1959 he established the Stefan George Foundation and the Stefan George Archive.\nWorks by Boehringer: \u201e\u00dcber das Leben von Gedichten\u201c, \u201eBildnisse und Nachweise\u201c and \u201eDas Antlitz des Genius\u201c.\nBoehringers papers are held by the German Federal Archives.", "Q193367": "Porvoo (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8por\u028bo\u02d0]; Swedish: Borg\u00e5 [\u02c8b\u01d2r\u02d0\u0261o] (listen)) is a city and a municipality situated on the southern coast of Finland approximately 50 kilometres (30 mi) east of Helsinki. It is one of the six medieval towns in Finland, first mentioned as a city in texts from the 14th century. Porvoo is the seat of the Swedish-speaking Diocese of Borg\u00e5 of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland.\nThe Porvoo Old Town is a popular tourist destination, known for its well-preserved 18th and 19th century buildings and 15th century cathedral, the Porvoo Cathedral. The Old Town together with Porvoonjoki River Valley is recognized as historically and culturally significant as one of the National landscapes of Finland.\nThe municipality's official languages are Finnish and Swedish. In 2014, 64.6% of the population spoke Finnish as their native language, while 30.1% were Swedish speakers. 5.4% had a different native language.\nPorvoo's neighbouring municipalities are Askola, Loviisa, Myrskyl\u00e4, Pornainen, and Sipoo.", "Q157443": "A comedy film is a genre of film in which the main emphasis is on humor. These films are designed to make the audience laugh through amusement and most often work by exaggerating characteristics for humorous effect. Films in this style traditionally have a happy ending (black comedy being an exception). One of the oldest genres in film \u2013 and derived from the classical comedy in theatre \u2013, some of the very first silent movies were comedies, as slapstick comedy often relies on visual depictions, without requiring sound. When sound films became more prevalent during the 1920s, comedy films took another swing, as laughter could result from burlesque situations but also dialogue.\nComedy, compared with other film genres, puts much more focus on individual stars, with many former stand-up comics transitioning to the film industry due to their popularity. While many comic films are lighthearted stories with no intent other than to amuse, others contain political or social commentary (such as The King of Comedy and Wag the Dog).", "Q1236566": "Robert Henry Arthur Wells (born 7 April 1962 in Stockholm, Sweden) is a Swedish pianist, composer and singer, best known for the musical Rhapsody in Rock, which contains elements of rock, classical and boogie-woogie.\n\n", "Q723199": "Vladimir \"Vlado\" Gotovac (18 September 1930 \u2013 7 December 2000) was a Croatian poet and politician.", "Q111416": "Klaus Dierks (19 February 1936 \u2013 17 March 2005) was a German-born Namibian deputy government minister, a transport planner and civil engineer in Namibia.", "Q265449": "Asami Abe (\u5b89\u500d \u9ebb\u7f8e, Abe Asami, born February 27, 1985 in Muroran, Hokkaid\u014d) is a Japanese former singer and actress, also known as the younger sister of Japanese idol and actress Natsumi Abe. She started her career doing commercials for Nintendo Puzzle Collection, and she has also appeared in a few TV dramas.", "Q379712": "Luis Alberto Corval\u00e1n Lepe (14 September 1916, in Tom\u00e9 \u2013 21 July 2010) was a Chilean politician. He served as the general secretary of the Communist Party of Chile (PCCh). \nCorval\u00e1n joined the Communist Party of Chile at the age of fifteen in the city of Chill\u00e1n shortly after the fall of the dictatorship of Carlos Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez del Campo in 1932. Trained as a teacher, after 1952 he became an elected member of the PCCh's Central Committee, and after 1958 served as the secretary-general. The party was outlawed from 1948 until 1958.\nOn 11 September 1973, General Augusto Pinochet led a military coup and Corval\u00e1n was among the many arrested. After the murder of V\u00edctor Jara, he was the most prominent political prisoner in Chile. While in prison, Luis Corval\u00e1n was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize (for 1973\u201374). The Soviet Union launched an international campaign for his release and on 18 December 1976, Corval\u00e1n was exchanged for a notable Soviet political prisoner, dissident Vladimir Bukovsky, and received asylum in the USSR.Corval\u00e1n headed the Communist Party of Chile \u2013 both within Chile and whilst in exile \u2013 for over three decades, which covered the whole period of the Pinochet military dictatorship. Corval\u00e1n returned to Chile in 1988.", "Q166846": "Yerzhan Khozeuly Kazykhanov (Kazakh: Erjan Hozeuly Qazyhanov, [j\u025br\u02c8\u0292\u0251n x\u0254\u02ccz\u025b.u\u02c8l\u0259 q\u0251z\u0259\u02c8x\u0251n\u0259f], born 21 August 1964) is the ambassador of Kazakhstan to the United States. Kazykhanov presented his credentials to President Trump on April 24, 2017. Prior, he was Kazakhstan's Ambassador to the UK and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan from April 2011 to September 2012.Kazykhanov is a career diplomat and served as Kazakhstan's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 2003 to 2007. He is married. The result of it are two children.", "Q110708": "Thomas Naogeorgus (Thomas Kirchmeyer, Kirchmair, Neubauer; 21 December 1508 \u2013 29 December 1563) was a Latin dramatist, humanist, Protestant theologian, Protestant reformer, preacher and pamphleteer of the German Renaissance.\nNaogeorgus was born in Straubing. His dramatic works were very influential in the German Reformation. He was greatly influenced by Martin Luther, but his teachings stand independent of Lutheranism, and the publication of his exegesis of 1 John was opposed by Luther and Melanchthon. He died, aged 55, in Wiesloch.", "Q329125": "William McKinley \"Jazz\" Gillum (September 11, 1902 or 1904 \u2013 March 29, 1966) was an American blues harmonica player.", "Q580852": "Jean Albert Vincent Auguste Perdonnet (12 March 1801, Paris \u2013 27 September 1867, Cannes) was a French railroad engineer. He published the first French textbook on railroad engineering in 1828. He also worked to investigate and remove the causes of railroad accidents.\nPerdonnet's name is one of the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower.", "Q985409": "Jackson is a city in and the county seat of Madison County, Tennessee. Located 70 miles (110 km) east of Memphis, it is a regional center of trade for West Tennessee. Its total population was 65,211 at the 2010 census and 66,903 in the 2018 Census estimate.Jackson is the primary city of the Jackson, Tennessee metropolitan area, which is included in the Jackson-Humboldt, Tennessee combined statistical area. Jackson is Madison County's largest city, and the second-largest city in West Tennessee next to Memphis. It is home to the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for West Tennessee, as Jackson was the major city in the west when the court was established in 1834.\nIn the antebellum era, Jackson was the market city for an agricultural area based on cultivation of cotton, the major commodity crop. Beginning in 1851, the city became a hub of railroad systems ultimately connecting to major markets in the north and south, as well as east and west. This was key to its development, attracting trade and many workers on the railroads in the late 19th century with the construction of railroads after the American Civil War. Through the 1960s, the city was served by 15 passenger trains daily, but industry restructuring reduced such service and caused the loss of jobs. The economy has adjusted to new businesses, with major manufacturing in the area.\nAccording to the 2017 census estimate, Jackson was the eighth-largest city in Tennessee.", "Q108147": "Ingolf Ulrich Dalferth (born 9 July 1948) is a philosopher of religion and theologian. His work is regarded as being on the methodological borderlines between analytic philosophy, hermeneutics and phenomenology, and he is a recognized expert in issues of contemporary philosophy, philosophy of religion, and philosophy of orientation.\nSince 2007 Dalferth has held the Danforth Chair in Philosophy of Religion at Claremont Graduate University. From 1998 to 2012 he served as the Director of the Institute of Hermeneutics and Philosophy of Religion at the University of Z\u00fcrich. He is the chief editor of the journal Theologische Literaturzeitung (Leipzig, Germany), book series Philosophy of Religion and Theology (T\u00fcbingen, Germany), and book series Claremont Studies in Religion as well as editor of Hermeneutischen Untersuchungen zur Theologie (T\u00fcbingen, Germany)", "Q74512": "Helma Orosz ([\u02c8oros]; born 11 May 1953 in G\u00f6rlitz) is a German politician and member of the CDU. She was the Saxon State Minister for Social Affairs between 2003 and 2008 and Oberb\u00fcrgermeister (Lord Mayor) of Dresden since June 2008.\n\n", "Q2739680": "The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) is an international scientific society devoted to promote research in, and responsible use of, artificial intelligence. AAAI also aims to increase public understanding of artificial intelligence (AI), improve the teaching and training of AI practitioners, and provide guidance for research planners and funders concerning the importance and potential of current AI developments and future directions.", "Q128297": "Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u039a\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2; December 2, 1923 \u2013 September 16, 1977) was an American-born Greek soprano. She was one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century. Many critics praised her bel canto technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations. Her repertoire ranged from classical opera seria to the bel canto operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and, further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner. Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as La Divina.\nBorn in Manhattan to Greek immigrant parents, she was raised by an overbearing mother who had wanted a son. Maria received her musical education in Greece at age 13 and later established her career in Italy. Forced to deal with the exigencies of 1940s wartime poverty and with near-sightedness that left her nearly blind onstage, she endured struggles and scandal over the course of her career. She turned herself from a heavy woman into a svelte and glamorous one after a mid-career weight loss, which might have contributed to her vocal decline and the premature end of her career.\nThe press exulted in publicizing Callas's temperamental behavior, her supposed rivalry with Renata Tebaldi and her love affair with Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis. Although her dramatic life and personal tragedy have often overshadowed Callas the artist in the popular press, her artistic achievements were such that Leonard Bernstein called her \"the Bible of opera\" and her influence so enduring that, in 2006, Opera News wrote of her: \"Nearly thirty years after her death, she's still the definition of the diva as artist\u2014and still one of classical music's best-selling vocalists.\"", "Q45917": "Mohamed Hussein Tantawy Soliman (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200e, Egyptian Arabic: [m\u00e6\u02c8\u0127\u00e6mm\u00e6d \u0127e\u02c8se\u02d0n t\u02e4\u0251n\u02c8t\u02e4\u0251\u02d0wi sele\u02c8m\u00e6\u02d0n]; born 31 October 1935) is an Egyptian field marshal and former politician. He was the commander-in-chief of the Egyptian Armed Forces and, as Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, was the de facto head of state from the ousting of Hosni Mubarak on 11 February 2011 to the inauguration of Mohamed Morsi as President of Egypt on 30 June 2012. Tantawy served in the government as Minister of Defense and Military Production from 1991 until Morsi ordered Tantawy to retire on 12 August 2012.\n\n", "Q107274": "Dominik Graf (born 6 September 1952) is a German film director. He studied film direction at University of Television and Film Munich, from where he graduated in 1975. After a few films in the tradition of the German 'Autorenfilm', he turned towards work in television, focussing primarily on the genres police drama, thriller and crime mystery. He is an active participant in public discourse about the values of genre film in Germany, through numerous articles, and interviews, some of which have been collected into a book.Graf continues to work in both television and cinema, and achieved international recognition in 2014 with his film, Die geliebten Schwestern, which was selected as the German entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.", "Q360243": "The Forgotten is a 2004 American science fiction psychological horror thriller film directed by Joseph Ruben and starring Julianne Moore, Dominic West, Gary Sinise, Alfre Woodard, Linus Roache, and Anthony Edwards. The film's plot revolves around a woman who believes that she lost her son in a plane crash 14 months earlier, only to wake up one morning and be told that she never had a son. All of her memories are intact, but with no physical evidence that contradicts the claims of her husband and her psychiatrist, and she sets out in search for solid evidence of her son's existence.\nThe film was produced by Revolution Studios for Columbia Pictures and was released in the United States and Canada on September 24, 2004.", "Q12697": "The canton of Schaffhausen, also canton of Schaffouse (German: Schaffhausen ) is the northernmost canton of Switzerland. The principal city and capital of the canton is Schaffhausen. The canton's territory is divided into three non-contiguous segments, where German territory reaches the Rhine. The large central part, which includes the capital, in turn separates the German exclave of B\u00fcsingen am Hochrhein from the rest of Germany.", "Q64701": "Oberf\u00fchrer (Senior Colonel) Hans Loritz (12 December 1895, Augsburg \u2013 31 January 1946) joined the SS in September 1930 and the NSDAP in August 1930. In 1933, he formed and commanded the SS Standarte at the Dachau concentration camp.", "Q35228": "Old East Slavic or Old Russian was a language used during the 10th\u201315th centuries by East Slavs in Kievan Rus' and states which evolved after the collapse of Kievan Rus', from which later the Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian languages evolved.", "Q628966": "Gyorgy Bp. Szabo (born September 30, 1953 in Budapest) is a designer and musician.", "Q232511": "Kathryn Joosten (December 20, 1939 \u2013 June 2, 2012) was an American television actress. Her best known roles include Dolores Landingham on NBC's The West Wing from 1999 to 2002 and Karen McCluskey on ABC's Desperate Housewives from 2005 to 2012, for which she won two Primetime Emmy Awards in 2005 and 2008.", "Q138084": "Rampart is a 2011 American drama film. Directed by Oren Moverman and co-written by Moverman and James Ellroy, the film stars Woody Harrelson, Ice Cube, Ned Beatty, Anne Heche, Steve Buscemi, and Sigourney Weaver. It is set in the midst of the fallout from the Rampart scandal of the late 1990s, when corrupt Los Angeles Police Department Officer Dave Brown (Harrelson) is forced to face the consequences of his wayward career. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2011. and was released in theaters in the U.S. on February 10, 2012.", "Q288933": "Marjorie Estiano (born March 8, 1982) is a Brazilian actress and singer. She rose to prominence in 2004 playing the role of Natasha in the Rede Globo teen series Malha\u00e7\u00e3o.\nIn 2013, Marjorie played the same character with Fernanda Montenegro in the movie Time and the Wind, as the young Bibiana, and the lead role in 2014's film Beatriz, 2015's film Garoto and 2017's film Entre Irm\u00e3s.She starred in three telenovelas and was the main antagonist in another two. In 2007 Maria Paula was cast live, the lead role of Duas Caras in prime time of the largest Brazilian television network, Rede Globo. Marjorie played Manuela Fonseca, which is one of the main characters, in the 2011 telenovela A Vida da Gente. She was also a protagonist (with Camila Pitanga) on another telenovela Lado a Lado, best telenovela in the 2013 Emmy International.. \nShe is the protagonist of Sob Press\u00e3o, a Brazilian medical drama television series, as Dr. Carolina.In 2019, she was nominated for the International Emmy Award for Best Actress for her role in the serie Sob Press\u00e3o.", "Q262332": "Bonnie Somerville (born February 24, 1974) is an American actress and singer. She has had roles in a number of movies and television series, most notably NYPD Blue, Grosse Pointe, Friends, The O.C., Cashmere Mafia, Kitchen Confidential, Without a Paddle, and Golden Boy. She starred as Dr. Christa Lorenson in season one of the CBS medical drama Code Black.", "Q86790": "Martin Hohmann (born February 4, 1948 in Fulda, Hessen) is a German lawyer and politician (currently AfD). He was a member of the German Parliament (\"Bundestag\") for the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU), from 1998 until 2005. Since 2017 he has again been a member of the German Parliament for the AfD.", "Q3741406": "Johann Philipp Gustav von Ewers or Evers (27 July 1779 \u2013 20 November 1830) was a German legal historian and the founder of Russian legal history as a scholarly discipline.\nEwers was a farmer\u2019s son from the village of Amelunxen (now a part of Beverungen) in the Bishopric of Paderborn. He first studied theology and then political science at the University of G\u00f6ttingen.\nHis first employment, as was customary for a graduate from a poor background, was as a private tutor. This brought him to the Imperial Russian province of Livonia, where he was to remain for the rest of his life. While teaching, he pursued his scholarly interests, especially regarding Russian political and legal history, which became one of his main fields of study \u2013 one indeed of which he is often regarded the founder.\nInfluenced by the Hegelian definition of society and state, he described the traditional tribal structure of Russia as the foundation of Russian statehood, most notably in this 1826 monograph Das \u00e4lteste Recht der Russen. Evers' ideas have found a continued reception among Russian legal theorists.\nOn the basis of his publications, he was offered in 1810 the Chair of History, Statistics, and Geography of the Russian State at the University of Dorpat (now Tartu) in what is today Estonia. He occupied that chair until 1826, when he transferred to the Law Faculty. In 1816, Ewers declined an offer of the Chair of Political Economy at the newly founded University of Berlin. In the same year, he had become Prorector of the University of Dorpat and in 1818, Rector, to which office he was re-elected every year until his death at Dorpat in 1830, aged 51.", "Q3374892": "Mysore State was a state within the Union of India from 1947 until 1956 with Mysore as its capital. \nThe state was considerably enlarged in 1956 when it became a linguistically homogeneous Kannada-speaking state within the Union of India. It was subsequently renamed as the state of Karnataka.", "Q552900": "Kenan Stacy Thompson ( born May 10, 1978) is an American actor and comedian. He has been a cast member of the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live since 2003, making him the longest-tenured cast member in the show's history.Thompson began his acting career in the early 1990s, and earned fame as an original cast member of Nickelodeon's sketch comedy series All That. In this time, he often collaborated with All That costar Kel Mitchell. In 1996, they began starring in their own sitcom Kenan & Kel (1996\u20132000). Thompson is also known for his roles in The Mighty Ducks franchise, Good Burger, and the title character in the 2004 film Fat Albert.\nHe has received a Primetime Emmy Award from three nominations for his work on SNL, and is ranked at #88 on VH1's 100 Greatest Teen Stars.", "Q330460": "Nicholas Alan Searcy (born March 7, 1959) is an American character actor best known for portraying Chief Deputy United States Marshal Art Mullen on FX's Justified. He also had a major role in the Tom Hanks\u2013produced miniseries From the Earth to the Moon as Deke Slayton. He also directed Gosnell: The Trial of America's Biggest Serial Killer, a film released on October 12, 2018.", "Q947748": "John Henry Diehl (born May 1, 1950) is an American film, television, and stage actor. Noted for his work in avant-garde theater, Diehl has performed in more than 140 films and television shows, including Land of Plenty, Stripes, Nixon, Jurassic Park III and the TV series Miami Vice and The Shield.\nDiehl has \"largely avoided the typecasting that is an accepted part of most character actors' careers.\" He has been a member of The Actors Studio since 2004.", "Q340187": "The Crusades is a 1935 American historical adventure film produced and directed by Cecil B. DeMille, and originally released by Paramount Pictures. It stars Loretta Young as Berengaria of Navarre and Henry Wilcoxon as Richard I of England. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography (Victor Milner) as well as for Best Foreign Film at the Venice Film Festival in 1935.\n\n", "Q156749": "Nils Adolf Erik Friherre Nordenski\u00f6ld (18 November 1832, Helsinki, Finland \u2013 12 August 1901, Dalby\u00f6 in S\u00f6dermanland, Sweden) was a Finland-Swedish aristocrat, geologist, mineralogist and Arctic explorer. He was a member of the prominent Finland-Swedish Nordenski\u00f6ld family of scientists.\nBorn in the Grand Duchy of Finland at the time it was a part of the Russian Empire, he was later, due to his political activity, forced to move to Sweden, where he later became a member of the Parliament of Sweden and of the Swedish Academy. He led the Vega Expedition along the northern coast of Eurasia in 1878\u20131879. This was the first complete crossing of the Northeast Passage. Initially a troubled enterprise, the successful expedition is considered to be among the highest achievements in the history of Swedish science.", "Q329131": "Jerry Maguire is a 1996 American romantic drama sports film written, produced, and directed by Cameron Crowe, and stars Tom Cruise, Cuba Gooding Jr. and Ren\u00e9e Zellweger. Produced in part by long time Simpsons producer James L. Brooks, it was inspired by sports agent Leigh Steinberg, who acted as technical consultant on the crew. It was released in North American theaters on December 13, 1996, produced by Gracie Films and distributed by TriStar Pictures.\nThe film received critical acclaim, with critics praising its acting and writing. The film was a financial success, bringing in more than $273 million worldwide against its $50 million budget. It was the ninth-highest-grossing film of 1996.\nThe film was nominated for five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor for Tom Cruise, with Cuba Gooding Jr. winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. The film was also nominated for three Golden Globes, with Tom Cruise winning for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, with Cuba Gooding Jr. winning Best Supporting Actor.", "Q1689413": "Jimmy Nolen (April 3, 1934 \u2013 December 18, 1983) was an American guitarist, known for his distinctive \"chicken scratch\" lead guitar playing in James Brown's bands. In its survey of \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time,\" the English magazine Mojo ranks Nolen number twelve.", "Q203900": "How to Irritate People is a 1968 television broadcast written by John Cleese, Graham Chapman, Marty Feldman and Tim Brooke-Taylor. Cleese, Chapman, and Brooke-Taylor also feature in it, along with future Monty Python collaborators Michael Palin and Connie Booth.\nIn various sketches, Cleese demonstrates exactly what the title suggests\u2014how to irritate people, although this is done in a much more conventional way than the absurdity of similar Monty Python sketches.", "Q64715": "Eptingen is a municipality in the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q1276156": "Koo Bon-moo (Korean: \uad6c\ubcf8\ubb34; 10 February 1945 \u2013 20 May 2018) was a South Korean business executive.", "Q229643": "3 Ninjas Knuckle Up is a 1995 American martial arts comedy film and a prequel to 3 Ninjas Kick Back. The film was directed by Shin Sang-ok, credited as \"Simon Sheen\". The film was shot in 1992, the same year the first film was released, but was not released until 1995.", "Q432986": "Do You Remember Dolly Bell? (Serbo-Croatian: \u0421\u0458\u0435\u045b\u0430\u0448 \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0435\u043b?; Sje\u0107a\u0161 li se Doli Bel?) is a 1981 comedy-drama film directed by Emir Kusturica, in his feature film directorial debut, and co-written by Kusturica and Abdulah Sidran, based on Sidran's 1979 novel of the same name. The film won Golden Lion for Best First Work at 1981 Venice Film Festival, and was selected as the Yugoslav entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 54th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "Q219780": "Hunter Stockton Thompson (July 18, 1937 \u2013 February 20, 2005) was an American journalist and author, and the founder of the gonzo journalism movement. He first rose to prominence with the publication of Hell's Angels (1967), a book for which he spent a year living and riding with the Hells Angels motorcycle gang in order to write a first-hand account of the lives and experiences of its members.\nIn 1970, he wrote an unconventional magazine feature titled \"The Kentucky Derby Is Decadent and Depraved\" for Scanlan's Monthly which both raised his profile and established him as a writer with counterculture credibility. It also set him on a path to establishing his own sub-genre of New Journalism which he called \"Gonzo,\" which was essentially an ongoing experiment in which the writer becomes a central figure and even a participant in the events of the narrative.\nThompson remains best known for Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1971), a book first serialized in Rolling Stone in which he grapples with the implications of what he considered the failure of the 1960s counterculture movement. It was adapted on film twice: loosely in Where the Buffalo Roam starring Bill Murray as Thompson in 1980, and directly in 1998 by director Terry Gilliam in a film starring Johnny Depp and Benicio del Toro. The Doonesbury cartoon character Duke \u2013 who was modeled after Thompson \u2013 pens an essay about \"my shoplifting conviction\" titled \"Fear and Loathing at Macy's Menswear\", a reference to Thompson's book.\nPolitically minded, Thompson ran unsuccessfully for sheriff of Pitkin County, Colorado in 1970 on the Freak Power ticket. He became well known for his dislike of Richard Nixon, who he claimed represented \"that dark, venal, and incurably violent side of the American character\". He covered Nixon's 1972 reelection campaign for Rolling Stone and later collected the stories in book form as Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72.\nThompson's output notably declined from the mid-1970s, as he struggled with the consequences of fame, and he complained that he could no longer merely report on events as he was too easily recognized. He was also known for his lifelong use of alcohol and illegal narcotics, his love of firearms, and his iconoclastic contempt for authoritarianism. He often remarked: \"I hate to advocate drugs, alcohol, violence, or insanity to anyone, but they've always worked for me.\"\nThompson committed suicide at the age of 67, following a series of health problems. In accordance with his wishes, his ashes were fired out of a cannon in a ceremony funded by his friend Johnny Depp and attended by friends including then-Senator John Kerry and Jack Nicholson. Hari Kunzru wrote that \"the true voice of Thompson is revealed to be that of American moralist ... one who often makes himself ugly to expose the ugliness he sees around him.\"", "Q1610024": "Heriot-Watt University is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was established in 1821 as the School of Arts of Edinburgh, world's first mechanics' institute and subsequently was granted university status by royal charter granted in 1966. It is the eighth oldest higher education institute in UK. The name Heriot-Watt was taken from Scottish inventor James Watt and Scottish philanthropist and goldsmith George Heriot.\nHeriot-Watt was named International University of the Year in recognition of its global presence and impact by The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2018. In 2020, the university ranked among top 300 in the world by Times Higher Education World University Rankings. The same year, The Complete University Guide ranked Heriot-Watt at 35 in UK, ahead of several Russell Group universities. Since its foundation, the university has maintained strong ties with the neighbouring University of Edinburgh for teaching and research.\nKnown for its strength in science and engineering, it is one of the 39 old universities in the UK comprising the distinctive second cluster of elite universities after Oxbridge.", "Q79022": "Maria Aloysia Antonia Weber Lange (c. 1760 \u2013 8 June 1839) was a German soprano, remembered primarily for her association with the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.", "Q76311": "Semyon llyich Bogdanov (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432; 29 February [O.S. 17 February] 1894 \u2013 12 March 1960) was a Soviet Marshal of the armored troops, and twice Hero of the Soviet Union.Following the German invasion of the Soviet Union, he was deputy commander of the 5th Army (1941\u20131942), commander of the 6th Mechanized Corps (1942\u20131943), and later commander of the 2nd Tank Army, which transformed into the 2nd Guards Tank Army in November 1944.Units under Semyon Bogdanov's command took part in the Battle of Moscow, in the Korsun-Shevchenkovsky, Uman-Botoshany, Belarusian, Vistula-Oder, East Pomeranian and Berlin operations. His 2nd Guards Tank Army was the first Soviet Army to enter Berlin during combat operations.", "Q372653": "John D. Anderson Jr. (born October 1, 1937) is the Curator of Aerodynamics at the National Air and Space Museum at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC and Professor Emeritus in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Maryland, College Park.", "Q69231": "Innertkirchen is a village and municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipality of Gadmen merged into the municipality of Innertkirchen.", "Q710547": "Cameron Gipp (born April 28, 1973), better known by his stage name Big Gipp is an American rapper from Atlanta, Georgia. He is best known for his work as a founding member of Goodie Mob, with whom he has gone on to release five studio albums.Aside from Goodie Mob, Gipp's solo album Mutant Mindframe was released in 2003. He is also closely associated with Nelly and the St. Lunatics, particularly Ali, with whom he forms the duo Ali & Gipp.", "Q102318": "Hans Reinowski (January 28, 1900 in Bernburg \u2013 January 3, 1977 in Darmstadt), was a German journalist, writer and politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party. He was the author of the brochure \"Terror in Braunschweig\", published in Z\u00fcrich in 1933.", "Q188035": "Apocalypto () is a 2006 American epic adventure film co-produced, co-written, and directed by Mel Gibson. The film features a cast of Native American and Indigenous Mexican actors consisting of Rudy Youngblood, Raoul Trujillo, Mayra S\u00e9rbulo, Dalia Hern\u00e1ndez, Ian Uriel, Gerardo Taracena, Rodolfo Palacios, Bernardo Ruiz Juarez, Ammel Rodrigo Mendoza, Ricardo Diaz Mendoza, and Israel Contreras. Similar to Gibson's earlier film The Passion of the Christ, all dialogue is in a modern approximation of the ancient language of the setting. Here, the Indigenous Yucatec Maya language is spoken, with subtitles, which sometimes refer to the language as Mayan. This was the last film Gibson directed until 2016's Hacksaw Ridge ten years later.\nSet in Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico, around the year 1502, Apocalypto portrays the hero's journey of a young man named Jaguar Paw, a late Mesoamerican hunter and his fellow tribesmen who are captured by an invading force after the devastation of their village and brought on a perilous journey to a Mayan city for human sacrifice at a time when the Maya civilization is in decline. The film was a box office success, grossing over $120 million worldwide, and received mostly positive reviews, with critics praising Gibson's direction, Dean Semler's cinematography, the performances of the cast, and the portrayal of Mayan civilization.\nAll of the ethnic tribes and peoples depicted in the film were Maya, as Gibson wanted to depict the Maya city built for the story as an \"Unknown world\" to the character. The film ends with the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors.", "Q531243": "Justine Washington (born November 13, 1940), usually credited as Baby Washington, but credited on some early records as Jeanette (Baby) Washington, is an American soul music vocalist, who had 16 rhythm and blues chart entries in 15 years, most of them during the 1960s. Her biggest hit, \"That's How Heartaches Are Made\" in 1963, also entered the US Top 40.", "Q2552927": "Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Cefepime has an extended spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with greater activity against both types of organism than third-generation agents. A 2007 meta-analysis suggested when data of trials were combined, mortality was increased in people treated with cefepime compared with other \u03b2-lactam antibiotics. In response, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) performed their own meta-analysis which found no mortality difference.Cefepime was patented in 1982 by Bristol-Myers Squibb and approved for medical use in 1994. It is available as a generic drug and sold under a variety of trade names worldwide.It was removed from the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines in 2019.", "Q71318": "Joseph K\u00fcrschner (20 September 1853, in Gotha \u2013 29 July 1902, on a journey to Huben) was a German author and editor most often cited for his critical edition of classics from German literature.", "Q227108": "Zo\u00e9 Vald\u00e9s (born May 2, 1959 in Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban novelist, poet, scriptwriter, film director and blogger. She studied at the Instituto Superior Pedag\u00f3gico Enrique Jos\u00e9 Varona, but did not graduate. From 1984 to 1988, she worked for the Delegaci\u00f3n de Cuba at UNESCO in Paris and in the Oficina Cultural de la Misi\u00f3n de Cuba in Paris. From 1990 to 1995, she was an editor of the magazine Cine Cubano. She lives with her daughter in Paris. She has been married three times: with Cuban writer Manuel Pereira Quintero, Cuban government official Jos\u00e9 Antonio Gonz\u00e1lez and Cuban independent filmmaker Ricardo Vega.", "Q1586798": "Harry South (7 September 1929 \u2013 12 March 1990) was an English jazz pianist, composer, and arranger, who later moved into work for film and television.\nSouth was born in Fulham, London. He came to prominence in the 1950s, subsequently playing with many of the on the British jazz scene of that decade, notably Joe Harriott, Dizzy Reece, Tony Crombie, and Tubby Hayes. In 1954, he was in the Tony Crombie Orchestra, together with Dizzy Reece, Les Condon (trumpet), Joe Temperley, Sammy Walker (tenor saxes), Lennie Dawes (baritone sax), and Ashley Kozak (bass).\nAfter returning from a 9-month stint in Calcutta, India, with the Ashley Kozak Quartet, he spent four years with the Dick Morrissey Quartet, where he both wrote and arranged material for their subsequent four albums.\nHe also formed his own jazz big band in 1966, featuring many of the finest jazz musicians and soloists in the UK such as Hayes, Dick Morrissey, Phil Seamen, Keith Christie, Ronnie Scott and Ian Carr, and recorded an album for Mercury Records.\nIn the mid-1960s, he began working with British rhythm & blues singer and organist Georgie Fame, recording the album Sound Venture together. At that time he was also composing and arranging for Humphrey Lyttelton, Buddy Rich, Sarah Vaughan, and Jimmy Witherspoon. He also worked as musical director to Annie Ross.\nHe later branched out into session work, writing themes for television and music libraries, including the theme tunes for the 1970s ITV police drama, The Sweeney, The Chinese Detective, the BBC comedy series Give us a Break starring Robert Lindsay and Paul McGann, and the 1984 TV miniseries Charlie, starring David Warner. He also wrote the scores for the Pete Walker films The Big Switch (1968), School for Sex (1969) and Four Dimensions of Greta (1972).\nHe is also credited with the arrangements for Emerson, Lake & Palmer's Works Vol. 1 (1977). In 1981, he again arranged for Annie Ross and Georgie Fame in a collaboration on what was to be Hoagy Carmichael's last recording, In Hoagland.\nHe died on 12 March 1990 in Lambeth, London, aged 60. In 2001, National Youth Jazz Orchestra released a dedicated CD in his honour entitled Portraits - The Music of Harry South.", "Q3865": "Villingen-Schwenningen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8f\u026al\u026a\u014b\u0259n \u02c8\u0283v\u025bn\u026a\u014b\u0259n]; Low Alemannic: Villinge-Schwenninge) is a town in the Schwarzwald-Baar district in southern Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It has 85,838 inhabitants (as of September 2019).", "Q1702434": "Johnny Williams, Jr. (March 13, 1908, Memphis, Tennessee - October 23, 1998, New York City) was an American jazz tubist and double-bassist.\nWilliams learned to play violin as a child, and switched to tuba as a teenager; he played both this instrument and the stand-up bass while playing in regional territory bands in the southern states. He relocated to New York City in 1936, where he worked with Red Allen, Buster Bailey, Sidney Bechet, Benny Carter, J.C. Higginbotham, Billie Holiday, Harry James, James P. Johnson, the Mills Blue Rhythm Band, Frankie Newton, and Teddy Wilson. He also played in the bands of Coleman Hawkins and Louis Armstrong in the early 1940s before joining Teddy Wilson's band once again. He and Edmond Hall recorded together in 1944, and worked together until 1947; following this, Williams played with Tab Smith and then with Johnny Hodges in the mid-1950s.\nFrom the 1960s onward, Williams was less active, though he worked occasionally with musicians such as Buddy Tate (1968), Red Richards (intermittently, 1970s), and Bob Greene (1978-82). He played with the Harlem Blues and Jazz Band from 1978-1998, when he had a stroke; he died later that year.", "Q5932357": "Hugh Phillip Possingham, FAA (born 21 July 1962), is Chief Scientist of The Nature Conservancy, best known for his work in conservation biology. He is also an ARC Laureate Fellow in the Department of Mathematics and the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Queensland.\n\n", "Q2477225": "Vladimir Pavlovich Barmin (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d, 4 March [O.S. 17 March 1909] 1909 in Moscow \u2013 17 July 1993 in Moscow) was a Soviet scientist, designer of the first soviet rocket launch complexes.\nAn asteroid, 22254 Vladbarmin, was named in his honor.", "Q164923": "Gaius Cassius Longinus was an Ancient Roman jurist and politician from the first century AD. A grandnephew of Servius Sulpicius Rufus, he was also a descendant, great grandson or nephew, of Gaius Cassius Longinus, one of Caesar's assassins. Longinus was suffect consul of the second half of the year 30 as the colleague of Lucius Naevius Surdinus.Cassius, a pupil of Sabinus, was head of the legal school called the Sabinians or Cassinians. His principal works are the libri (commentarii) iuris civilis in at least ten volumes, which only survive in quotes by later authors such as Iavolenus. After completing his term as suffect consul, Longinus served as proconsular governor of Asia minor in 40\u201341, then governor of the imperial province of Syria in 41-49. He was exiled by Nero to Sardinia in 65, but returned to Rome when Vespasian acceded to the purple.Tacitus includes a speech of Cassius on the debate that arose when there had been mass protests in Rome when 400 innocent slaves were to be executed because they belonged to the household of a master who had been murdered by his slave. It is open to question as to what extent the speech we have reflected what Cassius actually said, and to what extent it represents Tacitus's views, though it is at least possible that Tacitus made use of the Senate's records; the hard line expressed is in line with what we know about Cassius. In the speech Cassius conceded that the execution would be unjust. He also conceded it violated the rights of private interests but justified it on the grounds of the public good. The private interests that concerned him did not include any right to life for the slaves but the loss to the heirs. Modern commentators side with those who protested at the time in regarding the law as inherently unjust.He married Junia Lepida, a descendant of Augustus.\nLepida bore Longinus two children: \n\nCassia Longina (born c. AD 35), married to the general Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, by whom she had two daughters: Domitia and Domitia Longina\nCassius Lepidus (born c. AD 55), married to an unknown woman by whom he had a daughter, Cassia Lepida (born c. AD 80). She married Gaius Julius Alexander Berenicianus consul in AD 116 and Proconsul Asiae in AD 132, who in turn had a daughter, Julia Cassia Alexandra", "Q122976": "Hans Urs von Balthasar (1905\u20131988) was a Swiss theologian and Catholic priest who is considered an important Roman Catholic theologian of the 20th century.\n\n", "Q236005": "Melanie Janine Brown (born 29 May 1975), known professionally as Mel B, is an English singer, songwriter, rapper, television personality, actress and author. Brown rose to prominence in the 1990s as a member of the girl group Spice Girls, in which she was nicknamed Scary Spice. With over 85 million records sold worldwide, the group became the best-selling female group of all time.\nDuring the group's hiatus, Brown released her debut solo album Hot. The album's lead single, \"I Want You Back\" charted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, and was included on the soundtrack for the 1998 film Why Do Fools Fall in Love. Other singles from the album such as \"Tell Me\" and \"Feels So Good\" both charted within the top 5 in the UK. After signing with the independent label Amber Caf\u00e9, she released her second solo album L.A. State of Mind, which spawned the release of one single \"Today\". Brown released \"For Once in My Life\" in 2013, her first single in eight years. The single peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart.Brown has since made appearances on television. In 2007, she participated on the fifth season of the American dance competition series Dancing with the Stars, finishing in second place with her professional partner Maksim Chmerkovskiy. Between 2011 and 2016, she served as a guest and main judge on the Australian and British versions of The X Factor. She also co-presented the Australian version of Dancing with the Stars for one season in 2012. From 2013 until 2019, Brown served as a judge on the NBC reality show America's Got Talent and America's Got Talent: The Champions season 1. She served as a coach and mentor on The Voice Kids Australia in 2014. Since 2016, she has also presented Lip Sync Battle UK alongside rapper Professor Green.\nIn parallel, she has also participated as actress in several successful movies such as: Spice World (1997), LD 50 Lethal Dose (2003), The Seat Filler (2005), Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast (2014), Chocolate City: Vegas Strip (2017) and Killing Hasselhoff (2017).", "Q680626": "Heidi is a 1993 American two-part, three-hour television miniseries based on the classic Swiss 1880 novel of the same name by Johanna Spyri, which has sold over 50 million copies and has been adapted for film and television nearly 20 times. Heidi originally aired on the Disney Channel on July 18 and 19, 1993, and stars Noley Thornton in the title role.", "Q68649": "Servion is a municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The municipality of Les Cullayes merged on 1 January 2012 into Servion.", "Q16383": "Esther David (born 17 March 1945) is an Indian Jewish author, an artist and a sculptor. She is a recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award.", "Q375882": "Ahrue Ilustre (born September 17, 1968), commonly known as Ahrue Luster is an American metal guitarist. He was the lead guitarist for the heavy metal band Ill Ni\u00f1o. He is also a former guitarist for Machine Head, as well as Manmade God and a Bay Area thrash metal act called The Horde of Torment who were originally called \"Pestilence\" but had to change their name because another Pestilence had signed to Roadrunner Records.In 2015, Luster joined the horror Metal band Terror Universal founded by Ill Ni\u00f1o drummer Dave Chavarri. He produced Motograter's second studio album, which has been released in August 11, 2017.\n\nIn September 2019 Nonpoint announces he will be their touring lead guitarist for their upcoming tour.", "Q982414": "R\u0131fat Ilgaz (7 May 1911 \u2013 7 July 1993) was a Turkish teacher, writer and poet.", "Q616122": "Jean-Claude Guillebaud (21 May 1944, Algiers) is a French writer, essayist, lecturer and journalist.", "Q108635": "Emma Ihrer (3 January 1857 \u2013 8 January 1911) was a German feminist and trade unionist who was active in founding societies to defend the rights of women workers.", "Q503597": "James \"Jim\" Bacon (May 12, 1914 \u2013 September 18, 2010) was an American author and journalist who also worked as an actor in film and television. He wrote historical accounts of his years observing Hollywood and a biography of Jackie Gleason.", "Q74260": "Wolfgang Stammberger (14 July 1920 \u2013 1 May 1982) was a German jurist and politician. He served as German Minister of Justice from 1961 to 1962.\nBorn in Coburg, Bavaria, Stammberger saw his studies interrupted by World War II, but eventually earned his doctorate from the University of Erlangen. He became a member of the German Bundestag in 1953, and retained his seat until 1969. In 1964, he switched from the Free Democratic Party to the Social Democratic Party. Between 1970 and 1978, he served as mayor of Coburg.\nHis niece, Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger, later served as Minister of Justice, too.", "Q360531": "Mahershala Ali (; born Mahershalalhashbaz Gilmore; February 16, 1974) is an American actor and rapper. He is the recipient of several accolades, including two Academy Awards and a Golden Globe Award. Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2019.After pursuing an MFA degree from New York University, Ali began his career as a regular on television series, such as Crossing Jordan (2001\u20132002) and Threat Matrix (2003\u20132004), before his breakthrough role as Richard Tyler in the science fiction series The 4400 (2004\u20132007). His first major film release was in the David Fincher-directed fantasy The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008). He gained wider attention for his supporting role in the Netflix political thriller series House of Cards (2013\u20132016), as Boggs in the final two films of The Hunger Games film series, and as Cornell \"Cottonmouth\" Stokes in the Luke Cage series.\nAli won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as Juan in Barry Jenkins' drama film Moonlight. He won a second Academy Award and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of Don Shirley in the drama film Green Book (2018). This made him the first black actor to win two Academy Awards in the same category. In 2019, he played the lead role of a troubled police officer in the third season of the HBO anthology crime series True Detective.", "Q234612": "Gemma Louise Ward (born 3 November 1987) is an Australian supermodel and actress. Born in Perth, Western Australia, Ward was first scouted at the age of 14, and made her Australian Fashion Week debut aged 15. She later became the youngest model to appear on the cover of the American edition of Vogue, subsequently appearing on the covers of both Teen Vogue and Time. Vogue Paris would later declare her as one of the top 30 models of the 2000s. Ward is widely considered to be a supermodel.Ward's first major acting appearance was in the 2008 Australian film The Black Balloon, and she has since also appeared in the films The Strangers (2008) and Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011).", "Q272647": "Jery Sandoval (born 18 December 1986, in Barranquilla, Colombia) is an actress, model and singer. In Colombia, she is known for her role of Mar\u00eda Reyes in Los Reyes, a Colombian version of an Argentinian telenovela called Los Rold\u00e1n. She also starred on the Televisa Mexican telenovela C\u00f3digo Postal as Regina Corona. Most recently, she appeared on MTV LA's Popland television series.\n\n", "Q431531": "The Quiet American is a 1958 American film and the first film adaptation of Graham Greene's bestselling novel of the same name, and the first major American attempt to deal with the geo-politics of Indochina. It was written and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, and stars Audie Murphy, Michael Redgrave, and Giorgia Moll. It was critically well-received, but was not considered a box office success.\nThe film flips the novel on its head, turning a cautionary tale about foreign intervention into anticommunist advocacy of American power. In writing the script, Mankiewicz received uncredited input from CIA officer Edward Lansdale, who was often said to be the actual inspiration for the American character\u2014called \"Pyle\" in the novel but unnamed in this film\u2014played by Murphy. In fact Greene did not meet Landsdale until after completing much of the novel. The more likely inspiration for the character of Pyle was Leo Hochstetter, an American serving as public affairs director for the Economic Aid Mission in Indochina (Logevall 2013).\nIn a Hollywood still recovering from the effects of the blacklisting of suspected Communists, the film stirred up controversy. Greene was furious that his anti-war message was excised from the film, and he disavowed it as a \"propaganda film for America.\" The Quiet American was remade in 2002, directed by Phillip Noyce, with Brendan Fraser and Michael Caine, in a version more faithful to Greene's novel.", "Q734397": "Ram\u00f3n Jos\u00e9 Sender Garc\u00e9s (3 February 1901 \u2013 16 January 1982) was a Spanish novelist, essayist and journalist. Several of his works were translated into English by the distinguished zoologist, Sir Peter Chalmers Mitchell, including Seven Red Sundays (Siete domingos rojos), Mr Witt Among the Rebels (Mr Witt en el cant\u00f3n) and The War in Spain (Contraataque).Sender's son is the composer and writer Ram\u00f3n Sender. One of his several grandchildren is Sol Sender, a designer best known for his work on the Obama campaign logo.", "Q106618": "Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (7 September 1836 \u2013 22 April 1908) was a British statesman and Liberal politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1905 to 1908 and Leader of the Liberal Party from 1899 to 1908. He also served as Secretary of State for War twice, in the Cabinets of Gladstone and Rosebery. He was the first First Lord of the Treasury to be officially called \"Prime Minister\", the term only coming into official usage five days after he took office. He also remains the only person to date to hold the positions of Prime Minister and Father of the House at the same time.\nKnown colloquially as \"CB\", he was a firm believer in free trade, Irish Home Rule and the improvement of social conditions. He has been referred to as \"Britain's first, and only, radical Prime Minister\". Following a general election defeat in 1900, Campbell-Bannerman went on to lead the Liberal Party to a landslide victory over the Conservative Party at the 1906 general election, also the last election in which the Liberals gained an overall majority in the House of Commons. The government he subsequently led passed legislation to ensure trade unions could not be liable for damages incurred during strike action, introduced free school meals for all children, and empowered local authorities to purchase agricultural land from private landlords. Campbell-Bannerman resigned as Prime Minister in April 1908 due to ill health and was replaced by his Chancellor, H. H. Asquith. He died only days later.", "Q62402": "Paul Julius M\u00f6bius (January 24, 1853 \u2013 January 8, 1907) was a German neurologist born in Leipzig.Prior to entering the medical field in 1873, he studied philosophy and theology at the Universities of Leipzig, Jena and Marburg. After earning his medical doctorate in 1876, he enlisted in the army, attaining the rank of Oberstabsarzt (senior staff surgeon). After leaving the army, he returned to Leipzig, where he opened a private practice and worked as an assistant to neurologist Adolph Str\u00fcmpell (1853-1925) at the university policlinic. In 1883 he obtained his habilitation for neurology.\nHe was a prolific writer and is well known for publications in the fields of neurophysiology and endocrinology. Among his writings in psychiatry were psychopathological studies of Goethe, Rousseau, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. He was also an editor of Schmidt's Jahrb\u00fccher der in- und ausl\u00e4ndischen gesammten Medizin.\nM\u00f6bius made pioneer contributions towards the understanding of how some mental illnesses occur. He is credited for providing a distinction between exogenous and endogenous nerve disorders, and introduced ideas on the etiology of hysteria.", "Q262454": "Nicky Whelan (born 10 May 1981) is an Australian actress and model known for her role as Pepper Steiger in the Australian soap opera Neighbours.\n\n", "Q704254": "Karl Alfred \"Kalle\" Ebb (5 September 1896 \u2013 2 August 1988) was an athlete and racing driver. He represented Finland at the Summer Olympics in athletics and was Finland's first internationally successful driver.\nBorn in Turku, he gained selection for Finland at the 1924 Summer Olympics. He competed in the 3000 metres steeplechase and placed fifth, while his more celebrated compatriots Ville Ritola and Elias Katz took the top two spots. He was a versatile athlete and competed nationally in numerous disciplines, including cycling, swimming, and alpine skiing.In his thirties he began to compete in top level Northern European motor races, driving a Mercedes-Benz SSK. His best results included wins at the 1931 Swedish Winter Grand Prix, the El\u00e4intarhan ajot in 1933 and 1935, the 1935 Estonian Grand Prix, and a runner-up finish to Per Victor Widengren at the 1935 Norwegian Grand Prix. He was the first Finnish driver to have success at international level.He founded the Finnish Slalom Association in 1941. He was also a businessman, forming a company with his first wife, Lempi J\u00e4rvinen, which sold men's ties. The couple had a son, Heimo, who later died in World War II. Ebb remarried later in his life to M\u00e4rtha Charlotte Reikko. He resided in Helsinki during much of his life and died there in 1988.", "Q940741": "The Second Hungarian Republic (Hungarian: Magyar K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g) was a parliamentary republic briefly established after the disestablishment of the Kingdom of Hungary on 1 February 1946 and was itself dissolved on 20 August 1949. It was succeeded by the People's Republic of Hungary.", "Q215804": "Felix Nikolaus Alexander Georg Graf von Luckner (9 June 1881 \u2013 13 April 1966), sometimes called Count Luckner in English, was a German nobleman, naval officer, author, and sailor who earned the epithet Der Seeteufel (the Sea Devil), and his crew that of Die Piraten des Kaisers (the Emperor's Pirates), for his exploits in command of the sailing commerce raider SMS Seeadler (Sea Eagle) between 1916 and 1917.", "Q184169": "Louis Pierre Althusser (UK: , US: ; French: [altys\u025b\u0281]; 16 October 1918 \u2013 22 October 1990) was a French Marxist philosopher. He was born in Algeria and studied at the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure in Paris, where he eventually became Professor of Philosophy.\nAlthusser was a longtime member\u2014although sometimes a strong critic\u2014of the French Communist Party (Parti communiste fran\u00e7ais, PCF). His arguments and theses were set against the threats that he saw attacking the theoretical foundations of Marxism. These included both the influence of empiricism on Marxist theory, and humanist and reformist socialist orientations which manifested as divisions in the European communist parties, as well as the problem of the \"cult of personality\" and of ideology.\nAlthusser is commonly referred to as a Structural Marxist, although his relationship to other schools of French structuralism is not a simple affiliation and he was critical of many aspects of structuralism.\nAlthusser's life was marked by periods of intense mental illness. In 1980, he killed his wife, the sociologist H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Rytmann, by strangling her. He was declared unfit to stand trial due to insanity and committed to a psychiatric hospital for three years. He did little further academic work, dying in 1990.\n\n", "Q72611": "Mark Keller (born 5 May 1965) is a German actor. He is best known as detective Andr\u00e9 Fux in Alarm f\u00fcr Cobra 11 \u2013 Die Autobahnpolizei.\n\n", "Q77999": "Bahman Nirumand (Persian: \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062f\u200e); born 18 September 1936 in Tehran) is an Iranian and German journalist and author.\n\n", "Q102456": "Fritz R\u00f6ssler (January 17, 1912 \u2013 October 11, 1987) was a low-level official in the Nazi Party who went on to become a leading figure in German neo-Nazi politics. In his later life he was more commonly known as Dr. Franz Richter.", "Q122786": "Karl-Theodor Molinari (7 February 1915 \u2013 11 December 1993) was an officer in the German Army and later in the Bundeswehr. He resigned in 1970 with the rank of a Generalmajor after it became public that he had possibly been involved in the shooting of 105 French resistance fighters in the Ardennes area on 12/13 June 1944. These allegations have not been proven since. Besides, Molinari was a politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union in the afterwar years.", "Q175806": "Meshadi Aziz-bey oghlu Azizbekov, also spelled Azizbeyov (Azerbaijani: M\u0259\u015f\u0259di \u018fziz b\u0259y o\u011flu \u018fzizb\u0259yov; Russian: \u041c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0437-\u0431\u0435\u043a \u043e\u0433\u043b\u044b \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432; January 6, 1876 - September 20, 1918) was a Soviet revolutionary of Azerbaijani origin, leader of the revolutionary movement in Azerbaijan, one of the first Azeri Marxists, Provincial Commissioner and Deputy People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, gubernial commissar for Baku. He was one of the 26 Baku Commissars.\nAzizbekov became the member of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and one of the leaders of Muslim Social Democratic Party. After the October Revolution he joined to Baku Comissars. As the Baku Commune was voted out of power in July 1918, Azizbekov and rest of the Commissars abandoned Baku and fled across the Caspian Sea. However they were captured by anti-Soviet forces. On the night of September 20, Azizbekov was executed by a firing squad in a remote location between the stations of Pereval and Akhcha-Kuyma on the Trans-Caspian railway.\nCurrently the views on Azizbekov are mixed. Azerbaijani nationalism, the ruling New Azerbaijan Party as well as the main opposition parties Musavat and APFP doesn't see Azizbekov as a positive figure. Though Azerbaijan Communist Party and many other local left-wing politicians and the people sees Azizbekov as an important, notable and positive figure in the history of Azerbaijan.", "Q1331221": "Elizabeth Jarvis Colt (born Elizabeth Hart Jarvis, October 5, 1826 \u2013 August 23, 1905) was the widow and heir of firearms manufacturer Samuel Colt, founder of Colt's Manufacturing Company.", "Q105339": "Karl Eberhard Zwicker (15 January 1924, in \u00d6hringen, Germany \u2013 22 November 1990, in Icking)\nwas a German acoustics scientist and full professor at the Technical University of Munich.\nZwicker studied physics and electrical engineering at the University of Stuttgart and was an assistant of Richard Feldtkeller. In 1967 he was appointed full professor of the newly founded Institute for Electro-Acoustics of the Technical University of Munich.\nZwicker developed a method for the computation of loudness, which became a German standard, DIN 45631.\nZwicker, together with Richard Feldtkeller, was author of the standard work for psychoacoustics Das Ohr als Nachrichtenempf\u00e4nger. (The Ear as Message Receiver).\nIn 1964, at Bell Labs, he discovered the Zwicker tone auditory illusion.", "Q1159125": "Daniel Miller (born May 30, 1942) is an American Republican politician from the state of Florida. He represented the state and its 13th district in the House of Representatives for ten years. After he vacated his House seat, Katherine Harris was elected to represent the district in 2002.\nMiller was born in Highland Park, Michigan, but moved to Florida during his childhood and graduated from Manatee High School in Bradenton, Florida, in 1960. He was an undergraduate at the University of Florida, Gainesville, and received his MBA from Emory University. He then got his Ph.D. and served as a professor at several colleges across the South. He also developed a successful business career, working with his father Don Sr. and brother Don Jr. on a restaurant, nursing home and real estate development. In 1992, Miller decided to run for Congress after the incumbent Andy Ireland stepped down.\nMiller was elected to the U.S. House in 1992, and served for the following ten years. He decided not to run for re-election in 2002, honoring his self-imposed term limit of 10 years.\nIn Congress, Miller advocated spending restraint as a fiscal conservative. He served on several committees during his tenure, including Appropriations, Government Reform & Oversight, and Budget. Miller championed Medicare reform, fought to end the costly sugar subsidy, and opposed earmarking. Miller also served as chairman of the subcommittee on the United States Census, overseeing the 2000 decennial census, a position he was uniquely qualified to hold as a former statistics professor.\nMiller was with President George W. Bush visiting Emma E. Booker Elementary School in Sarasota on the morning of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.", "Q1606108": "Henricus Aeneae (born Henricus Aenee, 19 August 1743 \u2013 1 November 1810) was a Dutch scientist.", "Q104027": "Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch; December 9, 1916 \u2013 February 5, 2020) was an American actor, producer, director, philanthropist, and writer. After an impoverished childhood with immigrant parents and six sisters, he made his film debut in The Strange Love of Martha Ivers (1946) with Barbara Stanwyck. Douglas soon developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1950s, known for serious dramas, including westerns and war films. During his career, he appeared in more than 90 films. Douglas was known for his explosive acting style, which he displayed as a criminal defense attorney in Town Without Pity (1961).\nDouglas became an international star through positive reception for his leading role as an unscrupulous boxing hero in Champion (1949), which brought him his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. His other early films include Young Man with a Horn (1950), playing opposite Lauren Bacall and Doris Day, Ace in the Hole opposite Jan Sterling (1951), and Detective Story (1951), for which he received a Golden Globe nomination as Best Actor in a Drama. He received a second Oscar nomination for his dramatic role in The Bad and the Beautiful (1952), opposite Lana Turner, and his third nomination for portraying Vincent van Gogh in Lust for Life (1956), which landed him a second Golden Globe nomination.\nIn 1955, he established Bryna Productions, which began producing films as varied as Paths of Glory (1957) and Spartacus (1960). In those two films, he collaborated with the then-relatively-unknown director Stanley Kubrick, taking lead roles in both films. Douglas has been praised for helping to break the Hollywood blacklist by having Dalton Trumbo write Spartacus with an official on-screen credit. He produced and starred in Lonely Are the Brave (1962), considered a classic, and Seven Days in May (1964), opposite Burt Lancaster, with whom he made seven films. In 1963, he starred in the Broadway play One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, a story that he purchased and later gave to his son Michael Douglas, who turned it into an Oscar-winning film.\nAs an actor and philanthropist, Douglas received three Academy Award nominations, an honorary Oscar for Lifetime Achievement, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. As an author, he wrote ten novels and memoirs. He is No. 17 on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest male screen legends of classic Hollywood cinema, the highest-ranked living person on the list until his death. After barely surviving a helicopter crash in 1991 and then suffering a stroke in 1996, he focused on renewing his spiritual and religious life. He lived with his second wife (of 65 years), Anne Buydens, a producer, until his death on February 5, 2020, aged 103. A centenarian, he was one of the last surviving stars of the film industry's Golden Age.", "Q3441496": "Ronald Newbold Bracewell AO (22 July 1921 \u2013 12 August 2007) was the Lewis M. Terman Professor of Electrical Engineering of the Space, Telecommunications, and Radioscience Laboratory at Stanford University.", "Q57491": "Ricardo Alberto Martinelli Berrocal, (born March 11, 1952) is a Panamanian politician and businessman who was the 36th President of Panama from 2009 to 2014. In May 2017, Interpol issued a red notice (request for international arrest) for the extradition of Ricardo Martinelli, installed in Miami. Panamanian justice accuses the former president of having spied on telephone conversations of about 150 people, including journalists and leaders of the opposition. Martinelli was arrested in Miami by U.S. Marshals on June 12, 2017 to face extradition to Panama. He was extradited to Panama on June 11, 2018 to face the wiretapping charges.. On August 9, 2019 a 3-judge panel declared Ricardo Martinelli not guilty, the court cleared the former president of espionage and corruption during his administration and ordered him released from house arrest..\n\n", "Q67552": "Moosseedorf is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. The village is located south of Moossee, the lake that gives it its name.", "Q151768": "The Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland (German: B\u00fcrgerlich-Demokratische Partei Schweiz, BDP; French: Parti bourgeois d\u00e9mocratique suisse, PBD; Italian: Partito Borghese Democratico Svizzero, PBD; Romansh: Partida burgais democratica Svizra PBD , PBD; all translations mean literally Swiss Democratic Bourgeois Party) is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Since the 2019 General election, the BDP has had three members in the National Council and one in the Council of States.\nIt was founded as a moderate splinter group from the national-conservative Swiss People's Party (SVP), and was founded as a political party on the federal level on 1 November 2008. It is led by Martin Landolt, and had, until January 2016, one Federal Councillor, Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, whose election in defiance of the SVP incumbent Christoph Blocher led to the creation of the party. It comprises most of the SVP's old centrist-agrarian wing, which had been overshadowed in recent years by its nationalist-activist wing.\nThe party's name in German, French, Italian and Romansh comes from \"bourgeois\", the traditional European term for a centre-right party.", "Q630873": "James Franklin Murphy (born July 30, 1967 in Portsmouth, Virginia, United States) is an American guitarist. He is best known for his work in metal bands, Obituary, Death and Testament. He founded Disincarnate, an early death metal band.\nHe was diagnosed with a brain tumor in 2001 but recovered. In October 2011, Murphy stated that the tumor had returned but that it was non-cancerous and that it was being treated pharmacologically. He is working on a tribute album to Death founder Chuck Schuldiner who died from pneumonia, caused by complications of his treatment for a brain tumor. He also produced Deron Miller's band World Under Blood. He also completed production of the industrial death metal band D\u00e5\u00e5th's second album, The Hinderers, which was released on Roadrunner Records, and Lazarus A.D.'s second album The Onslaught, and its follow-up Black Rivers Flow released on Metal Blade Records, and many other productions and mixes on various record labels. He has also performed as a touring guitarist for Agent Steel in Europe and the UK in 1987, and was briefly in Hallows Eve in 1989.\nIn addition to playing guitar, Murphy operates a recording studio, SafeHouse Production, where he has mixed and produced albums for other bands. He has also contributed lessons to Guitar Player magazine.", "Q149127": "Patrick Joseph Buchanan (; born November 2, 1938) is an American paleoconservative political commentator, columnist, politician and broadcaster. Buchanan was an assistant and special consultant to U.S. Presidents Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Ronald Reagan, and was an original host on CNN's Crossfire. He sought the Republican presidential nomination in 1992 and 1996. He ran on the Reform Party ticket in the 2000 presidential election.\nHe co-founded The American Conservative magazine and launched a foundation named The American Cause. He has been published in Human Events, National Review, The Nation, and Rolling Stone. He was a political commentator on the MSNBC cable network, including the show Morning Joe until February 2012, later appearing on Fox News. Buchanan is also a regular panelist on The McLaughlin Group. His political positions can generally be described as paleoconservative, and many of his views, particularly his opposition to American imperialism and the managerial state, echo those of the Old Right Republicans of the first half of the 20th century.", "Q367276": "Stevie is a 1978 British biographical film directed by Robert Enders, and starring Glenda Jackson, Trevor Howard, Mona Washbourne, and Alec McCowen. It was based on the play Stevie by Hugh Whitemore.Studios that distributed the film included 20th Century Fox in the U.S., Hoyts in Australia, and Universal Pictures internationally.\nThe film is about the life of the British poet Stevie Smith (played by Glenda Jackson), and centres on Smith's relationship with her aunt (Mona Washbourne), with whom she lived for many years in a house in Palmers Green, London.Film critic Roger Ebert wrote \"It contains one of Glenda Jackson\u2019s greatest performances. She knows this character well... She does what great actors can do: She takes a character who might seem uninteresting, and makes us care deeply about the uneventful days of her life.\"", "Q695565": "Council Bluffs is a city in and the county seat of Pottawattamie County, Iowa, United States. The city is the most populous in Southwest Iowa, and is a primary city of the Omaha-Council Bluffs Metropolitan Area. It is located on the east bank of the Missouri River, across from the city of Omaha. Council Bluffs was known, until at least 1853, as Kanesville. It was the historic starting point of the Mormon Trail. Kanesville is also the northernmost anchor town of the other emigrant trails, since there was a steam-powered boat to ferry their wagons, and cattle, across the Missouri River.Council Bluffs' population was 62,230 at the 2010 census. The Omaha metropolitan region, of which Council Bluffs is a part, is the 59th largest in the United States, with an estimated population of 933,316 (2017).While Council Bluffs is more than a decade older than Omaha, the latter has grown to be a significantly larger city and the anchor of the bi-state metropolitan region.", "Q90864": "Tekin Kurtulus (born 16 September 1968, Usak, Turkey) is a German actor of Turkish descent. He is the older brother of actor Mehmet Kurtulu\u015f.", "Q72639": "Herbert Czaja (November 5, 1914 \u2013 April 18, 1997) was a German Christian democratic politician. Czaja was born to a multi-ethnic and multilingual family in Cieszyn in Poland, which was part of Austria-Hungary at the time of his birth. During the Second Polish Republic he was politically active in the German Christian People's Party, a centrist party representing German-speaking Catholics in Poland, and obtained a doctorate in philology from the Jagiellonian University. In 1946 he was expelled from his native Poland by the communist regime during the expulsion of Germans after World War II and came as a refugee to Stuttgart in West Germany, where he worked as a teacher and became active in politics for the Christian Democratic Union.\nHe served as a member of the city council of Stuttgart from 1947 to 1953, as a member of the Bundestag from 1953 to 1990, was a long-time member of the Central Committee of German Catholics from 1948, and was President of the Federation of Expellees from 1970 to 1994. His political activity focused both on the refugees from Eastern Europe and on Catholic affairs. In the official propaganda of the Polish People's Republic, Czaja was portrayed as one of West Germany's most important politicians and his influence often exaggerated. After the Cold War, Czaja was involved in Polish-German reconciliation efforts. He was awarded the Knight Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1984.", "Q65345": "Kim So-hyun (Korean: \uae40\uc18c\ud604; Hanja: \u91d1\u6240\u6ceb; born June 4, 1999) is a South Korean actress who began her career as a child actress in 2006 and initially gained public attention for playing a villainous young queen-to-be in Moon Embracing the Sun (2012) and a girl who falls into tragedy in Missing You (2013). She was then affectionately labeled as \"Nation's Little Sister\", \"Queen of Child Actor\", and \"Goddess of Historical Drama\".She took on her first leading role in teen drama Who Are You: School 2015 (2015) and since then, has starred in musical Page Turner (2016), historical melodrama The Emperor: Owner of the Mask (2017), romantic comedy Radio Romance (2018) and television dramas based on Naver webtoon, Hey Ghost, Let's Fight (2016), Love Alarm (2019) and The Tale of Nokdu (2019). She was the regular host of MBC's music program Music Core and survival reality show Under Nineteen in 2019.\nShe has been recognized as the representative of a prolific child-actress who has solidified her acting skills of various works since childhood, and have established herself as the next-generation Hallyu star.", "Q552928": "Lu Yongxiang (Chinese: \u8def\u752c\u7965; pinyin: L\u00f9 Y\u01d2ngxi\u00e1ng; born April 28, 1942) is a Chinese mechanical engineer and politician. He served as President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress.", "Q101639": "Gottfried Hagen (1230\u20131299) was town clerk of Cologne and author of the Cologne Reimchronik (Rhymed Chronicle).\nHagen was born in Xanten and educated at the Stiftsschule (today's Stiftsgymnasium Xanten). He filled many influential positions, and took an active part in the public life of his native city. Subsequently to the year 1268, he is mentioned repeatedly in documents as \"Magister Godefridus clericus Coloniensis\", \"Notarius civitatis Coloniensis\", pastor (plebanus) of St. Martin the Lesser at Cologne, and dean of the chapter of St. George. He gives his name with the title town-clerk (der stede schriver) at the end of his Book of the City of Cologne (Dit is dat boich van der stede Colne). This Reimchronik is a very remarkable work of some 3,000 couplets; as a chronicle it is almost complete, if based at times on unreliable traditions. At earliest, it was written in 1270 with a supplement in 1271; it cannot have appeared later than the period between 1277 and 1287.\nAfter a legendary introduction, permeated with the idea of municipal liberty, it recounts the conflicts between the city of Cologne and the Archbishops Conrad and Engelbert II, and the feuds between the patrician party and the guilds in the years 1252-1271. Its arrangement is simple, its style negligent, and its artistic merit slight, although it does not lack some lively descriptions. The importance of the chronicle lies in its contents. No other German city has records so complete and so full of life for this early period. For historical purposes, however, it should be used with great caution. It is true that the strictures formerly passed upon its reliability have proved to be very exaggerated. In rehearsing facts the work is fairly accurate, but Hagen is a thorough partisan, and an enthusiastic patriot. He was an adherent of the group of patricians led by his relatives, the \"Overstolzen\", and he opposed bitterly both the party of the \"Weisen\", the despised guilds, and also the archbishops of Cologne, who, as lords of the city, were the natural enemies of the development of Cologne into a free imperial city. Nevertheless, the bishops and still more the see are always treated with respect. It cannot be said that Hagen forged facts, but he modified them, and his judgment is coloured to a high degree by party spirit. His curious book is not so much a chronicle as a pamphlet written for a purpose. It was highly esteemed in Cologne as a plea for municipal liberty. Several medieval chroniclers have drawn largely upon its contents. For a critical edition of the Reimchronik, see Cardauns and Schr\u00f6der in Chroniken der niederrheinischen St\u00e4dte: K\u00f6ln, I, 1-236, in Chroniken der deutschen St\u00e4dte, XII (Leipzig, 1875); cf. III, 963.", "Q441940": "Leonard Harold Breau (August 5, 1941 \u2013 August 12, 1984) was a Canadian guitarist and music educator. Breau blended many styles of music, including jazz, country, classical, and flamenco. Inspired by country guitarists like Chet Atkins, Breau used fingerstyle techniques not often used in jazz guitar. By using a seven-string guitar and approaching the guitar like a piano, he opened up possibilities for the instrument.", "Q805221": "A ballet dancer (Italian: ballerina [balle\u02c8ri\u02d0na] fem., ballerino [balle\u02c8ri\u02d0no] masc.) is a person who practices the art of classical ballet. Both females and males can practice ballet; however, dancers have a strict hierarchy and strict gender roles. They rely on years of extensive training and proper technique to become a part of professional companies. Ballet dancers are at a high risk of injury due to the demanding technique of ballet.", "Q310798": "Stephen Wolfram (; born 29 August 1959) is a British-American computer scientist, physicist, and businessman. He is known for his work in computer science, mathematics, and in theoretical physics. In 2012, he was named an inaugural fellow of the American Mathematical Society.As a businessman, he is the founder and CEO of the software company Wolfram Research where he worked as chief designer of Mathematica and the Wolfram Alpha answer engine. His recent work has been on knowledge-based programming, expanding and refining the programming language of Mathematica into what is now called the Wolfram Language.", "Q608452": "Teren Delvon Jones (born August 12, 1972), better known by his stage name Del the Funky Homosapien (sometimes stylised as Del Tha Funkee Homosapien) or Sir DZL, is an American rapper, record producer, songwriter, and singer.", "Q3017341": "David A. Galloway (born 1943), a Canadian, was the CEO of Torstar and was chairman of the board of Bank of Montreal from 2004 to 2012, which is also known as BMO Financial Group.\n\nAs well, Galloway served on the audit, human resources, governance and risk review committees of the Board of Directors of the Bank of Montreal.He has also served on the Board of a number of public companies, including Abitibi, Cognos, Shell Canada, Hudson\u2019s Bay Company, Westbourne Inc. and Clearnet Communications.Born in Toronto, Ontario, he attended the University of Toronto Schools before receiving a Bachelor of Arts in 1966 from the University of Toronto. He received an M.B.A. from Harvard University in 1968.\nFrom 1983 to 1988, he was the president and C.E.O. of Harlequin Enterprises Ltd. He was president and chief executive officer of Torstar Corporation from 1988 to 2002. He was succeeded by John Honderich as publisher of Torstar.\nPrior to joining the Harlequin/Torstar group of companies, for ten years, he was a founding partner of the Canada Consulting Group \u2013 a leading strategic management consulting firm, which was acquired by the Boston Consulting Group in 1992.He is on the board of directors of Scripps Networks Interactive.", "Q3102980": "Georges Kuhnholtz-Lordat (8 January 1888 in Montpellier \u2013 5 March 1965 in Montpellier) was a French agronomist and phytogeographer.\nFrom 1913 he served as chef de travaux at the \u00c9cole nationale agronomique in Montpelier. He later received his doctorate in sciences and in 1924 was named professor of botany at the \u00c9cole nationale d'agriculture de Montpellier. From 1954 to 1958 he was a professor at the Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris.He was a member of the Acad\u00e9mie des sciences et lettres de Montpellier (1928\u201355) and a corresponding member of the Acad\u00e9mie des sciences (1959\u201365). He was a founder of the Station internationale de g\u00e9obotanique m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne et alpine de Montpellier (International station of Mediterranean and Alpine geobotany of Montpellier).", "Q110734": "Karl Ernst Rahtgens (27 August 1908 \u2013 30 August 1944) was a German officer in the Wehrmacht during World War II, and an active resistance fighter against the Nazi r\u00e9gime.\nBorn in L\u00fcbeck, he was married to Johanna Helene Rahtgens, n\u00e9e von Cramon. His uncle was Field Marshal G\u00fcnther von Kluge.\nRahtgens, who held the rank of oberstleutnant, was arrested in Belgrade for his involvement in the 20 July plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. He was sentenced to death on 30 August 1944 by the Volksgerichtshof and was hanged later the same day at Pl\u00f6tzensee Prison in Berlin.", "Q43382": "Plymouth ( (listen)) is a port city situated on the south coast of Devon, England, approximately 37 miles (60 km) south-west of Exeter and 190 miles (310 km) west-south-west of London. Enclosing the city are the mouths of the river Plym and river Tamar, which are naturally incorporated into Plymouth Sound to form a boundary with Cornwall.\nPlymouth's early history extends to the Bronze Age when a first settlement emerged at Mount Batten. This settlement continued as a trading post for the Roman Empire, until it was surpassed by the more prosperous village of Sutton founded in the ninth century, now called Plymouth. In 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers departed Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony, the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America. During the English Civil War, the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 1642 and 1646.\nThroughout the Industrial Revolution, Plymouth grew as a commercial shipping port, handling imports and passengers from the Americas, and exporting local minerals (tin, copper, lime, china clay and arsenic). The neighbouring town of Devonport became a strategic Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town. In 1914 three neighbouring independent towns, viz., the county borough of Plymouth, the county borough of Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse were merged to form a single County Borough. The combined town took the name of Plymouth which, in 1928, achieved city status. The city's naval importance later led to its being targeted by the German military and partially destroyed by bombing during World War II, an act known as the Plymouth Blitz. After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt and subsequent expansion led to the incorporation of Plympton and Plymstock along with other outlying suburbs in 1967.\nThe city is home to 263,100 (mid-2018 est.) people, making it the 30th-most populous built-up area in the United Kingdom and the second-largest city in the South West, after Bristol. It is governed locally by Plymouth City Council and is represented nationally by three MPs. Plymouth's economy remains strongly influenced by shipbuilding and seafaring including ferry links to Brittany (Roscoff and St Malo) and Spain (Santander), but has tended toward a service-based economy since the 1990s. It has the largest operational naval base in Western Europe, HMNB Devonport, and is home to the University of Plymouth.", "Q349835": "Andrew John Hurley (born May 31, 1980) is an American musician. He is the drummer for the rock band Fall Out Boy. Prior to Fall Out Boy, Hurley played in several hardcore punk bands. He joined Fall Out Boy as the full-time drummer in 2003 and was in the band's lineup until its hiatus in 2009. Following that, he formed the heavy metal supergroup The Damned Things with Fall Out Boy guitarist Joe Trohman; the group went on hiatus after its debut album, Ironiclast (2010), due to band members focusing on their original bands' new album cycles. Hurley moved on to hardcore punk band Enabler which released a debut album and toured in 2012.\nFall Out Boy regrouped and announced a new album and tour on February 4, 2013. The band's fifth studio album, Save Rock and Roll, was released April 16, 2013, with the punk EP PAX AM Days announced on September 30 and was released on October 15 the same year. The band's sixth studio album American Beauty/American Psycho was released on January 16, 2015 and debuted at No. 1 on the US Billboard 200.", "Q910638": "Homi Nusserwanji Sethna (24 August 1923 \u2013 5 September 2010) was an Indian nuclear scientist and a chemical engineer, gaining international fame as the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (India) during the time when the first nuclear test, codename Smiling Buddha in Pokhran Test Range in 1974 was conducted. He was the primary and central figure in India's civilian nuclear program as well as the construction of nuclear power plants.\nHe was awarded the second highest civilian award the Padma Vibhushan in 1975, by Government of India.\nEarlier in his career, he had full technical responsibility for setting up of the Thorium extraction plant at Alwaye, Kerala India, for separation of rare earth from monazite sands.\n\n", "Q667095": "Federico Faggin (Italian pronunciation: [fede\u02c8ri\u02d0ko fad\u02c8d\u0292in], Venetian: [fa\u02c8d\u0292i\u014b]; born 1 December 1941) is an Italian-American physicist, engineer, inventor and entrepreneur. He is best known for designing the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004. He led the 4004 (MCS-4) project and the design group during the first five years of Intel's microprocessor effort. Faggin also created, while working at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1968, the self-aligned MOS (metal\u2013oxide\u2013semiconductor) silicon-gate technology (SGT), which made possible MOS semiconductor memory chips, CCD image sensors, and the microprocessor. After the 4004, he led development of the Intel 8008 and 8080, using his SGT methodology for random logic chip design, which was essential to the creation of early Intel microprocessors. He was co-founder (with Ralph Ungermann) and CEO of Zilog, the first company solely dedicated to microprocessors, and led the development of the Zilog Z80 and Z8 processors. He was later the co-founder and CEO of Cygnet Technologies, and then Synaptics.\nIn 2010, he received the 2009 National Medal of Technology and Innovation, the highest honor the United States confers for achievements related to technological progress. In 2011, Faggin founded the Federico and Elvia Faggin Foundation to support the scientific study of consciousness at US universities and research institutes. In 2015, the Faggin Foundation helped to establish a $1 million endowment for the Faggin Family Presidential Chair in the Physics of Information at UC Santa Cruz to promote the study of \"fundamental questions at the interface of physics and related fields including mathematics, complex systems, biophysics, and cognitive science, with the unifying theme of information in physics.\" Federico Faggin has been a Silicon Valley resident since 1968 and is a naturalized US citizen.", "Q283696": "XXX: State of the Union (released as XXX2: The Next Level and XXX: State of Emergency outside North America) is a 2005 American action film directed by Lee Tamahori and a sequel to the 2002 film XXX. It is the second installment of the XXX franchise, and was produced by Revolution Studios for Columbia Pictures.\nVin Diesel and Rob Cohen, the lead actor and director of the original, had signed onto a sequel before the first film had opened, but both dropped out as Diesel disliked the script, while Cohen worked on Stealth. Cohen remained as an executive producer. Ice Cube took over the lead role as the new Triple X agent and Tamahori was brought in to direct, following the huge commercial success of the James Bond film Die Another Day, which he directed. Two different scripts were prepared for the film, and the one written by Simon Kinberg was selected; the other script featured a radically different plot.\nState of the Union was a box-office bomb and it was criticized by reviewers, mainly for the performances, an illogical story, and overuse of CGI-based visual effects for most of the action sequences. State of the Union is the last film in the XXX franchise to be distributed by Columbia Pictures, as Paramount Pictures became the distributor for its future films, starting with Return of Xander Cage in 2017.", "Q292943": "Shriya Saran Bhatnagar (pronounced [\u0282r\u026aja\u02d0 s\u0259r\u0259n] (born 11 September 1982), also known as Shriya, is an Indian actress and model known for her work in South Indian cinema, Bollywood and American cinema. Saran was born in Dehradun and spent most of her childhood in Haridwar. In 2001, her dance master gave her the opportunity to appear in Renoo Nathan's debut music video \"Thirakti Kyun Hawa\", which brought Saran to the attention of many Indian filmmakers. Although Saran aspired to become a well-known dancer, she was offered a leading role. Thus, Saran made her film debut in 2001 with the Telugu film Ishtam, and had her first commercial success with Santhosham (2002).\nShe subsequently appeared in several more Telugu films while making in-roads in the Hindi and Tamil industries. In 2007, Saran starred in Sivaji, the highest-grossing Tamil film at that time. She also gained critical acclaim for her role in the 2007 Bollywood film Awarapan. In 2008, Saran played the lead role in her first English film, the American-Indian co-production The Other End of the Line. Her following projects included popular films such as Kanthaswamy (2009) in Tamil and Pokkiri Raja (2010) in Malayalam \u2014 roles that established her as one of the leading actresses in the South Indian film industries. In 2012, she was cast in the British\u2013Canadian film Midnight's Children, under the direction of Deepa Mehta, based on Salman Rushdie's Booker Prize-winning novel of the same name, for which she received international critical acclaim. She achieved further commercial success by starring in films such as Pavitra (2013) and Chandra (2013). In 2014, Saran starred in the critically acclaimed Telugu film Manam, which brought her accolades for her performance.\nIn addition to her work in films, Saran has been the brand ambassador for brands across India, endorsing beauty and health products. Among other philanthropic activities, she has volunteered for charity organizations. In 2011 she opened a spa employing exclusively visually challenged people. She was also the brand ambassador for Celebrity Cricket League for its two first seasons.", "Q134682": "Pope Anastasius I was the bishop of Rome from 27 November 399 to his death on 19 December 401.Anastasius was born in Rome, and was the son of Maximus. He succeeded Siricius as pope and condemned the writings of the Alexandrian theologian Origen shortly after their translation into Latin. He fought against these writings throughout his papacy, and in 400 he called a council to discuss them. The council agreed that Origen was not faithful to the Catholic Church.\nIf Origen has put forth any other writings, you are to know that they and their author are alike condemned by me. The Lord have you in safe keeping, my lord and brother deservedly held in honour. \nDuring his reign he also encouraged Catholics in North Africa to fight Donatism. He instructed priests to stand and bow their head as they read from the gospels. Among his friends were Augustine, Jerome, and Paulinus. Jerome speaks of him as a man of great holiness who was rich in his poverty. He died in Rome and was eventually buried in the Catacomb of Pontian together with his son and immediate successor, Innocent I, which is probably a unique case of a pope being succeeded by his son.", "Q4354515": "Niklas Savander (born 4 August 1962 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish businessman currently active as a Chairman and Private Equity adviser. Savander was previously President and CEO of Elekta AB a Swedish listed company focused on Cancer treatment systems. Before his Elekta presidency Savander was the Executive Vice President of the markets unit of Nokia Corporation. Savander became a member of the Nokia Group executive Board in 2006, having joined the company in 1997. \nSavander was the deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of Tamfelt Oyj until it was sold to METSO, a member of the Board of NokiaSiemensNetworks since the inception of the company and Chairman of Nebula Oy before it was sold to Telia Company. Currently Savander is Chairman of Cint AB, Zervant Oy and EasyPark Group. He is also a Board member at Verne Global Ltd and Doro AB. Savander is active in the non-profit domain as well with several board memberships in Finnish foundations and he is the chairman of Waldemar von Frenckells Stiftelse. \nSavander is married and has two children. He enjoys playing and refereeing ice hockey, telemark skiing and golf.", "Q387382": "The Last Safari is a 1967 British adventure film directed by Henry Hathaway. It stars Kaz Garas and Stewart Granger. It was based on the novel, Gilligan's Last Elephant by Gerald Hanley.", "Q125957": "Falk Richter (born 23 October 1969) is a German author, theater director, and playwright.", "Q335530": "Michael Anthony P. Ashcroft, Baron Ashcroft, (born 4 March 1946) is a British\u2013Belizean businessman and politician. He is a former deputy chairman of the Conservative Party. Ashcroft founded Michael A. Ashcroft Associates in 1972 and is the 95th richest person in the UK, as ranked by the Sunday Times Rich List 2017, with an estimated fortune of \u00a31.35 billion.He sat on the Conservative benches of the House of Lords until 2015, having been created a life peer in 2000. His peerage was controversial due to his status as a tax exile. The Cabinet Office stated that he would take up permanent residence in the UK for tax purposes, but it was reported a decade later that he had not done so.Ashcroft holds dual British and Belizean nationality, and is a belonger of the Turks and Caicos Islands.", "Q258092": "Tora! Tora! Tora! (Japanese: \u30c8\u30e9\u30fb\u30c8\u30e9\u30fb\u30c8\u30e9\uff01) is a 1970 epic war film that dramatizes the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. The film was produced by Elmo Williams and directed by Richard Fleischer, Toshio Masuda and Kinji Fukasaku, and stars an ensemble cast including Martin Balsam, Joseph Cotten, S\u014d Yamamura, E. G. Marshall, James Whitmore, Tatsuya Mihashi, Takahiro Tamura, Wesley Addy, and Jason Robards. It was Masuda and Fukasaku's first English-language film, and first non-Japanese film.\nThe tora of the title is the two-syllable Japanese codeword used to indicate that complete surprise had been achieved. Japanese being a language with many homophones, it is a coincidence that tora also means \"tiger\" (\u864e).", "Q186030": "Contemporary art is the art of today, produced in the second half of the 20th century or in the 21st century. Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and technologically advancing world. Their art is a dynamic combination of materials, methods, concepts, and subjects that continue the challenging of boundaries that was already well underway in the 20th century. Diverse and eclectic, contemporary art as a whole is distinguished by the very lack of a uniform, organising principle, ideology, or \"-ism\". Contemporary art is part of a cultural dialogue that concerns larger contextual frameworks such as personal and cultural identity, family, community, and nationality.\nIn vernacular English, modern and contemporary are synonyms, resulting in some conflation and confusion of the terms modern art and contemporary art by non-specialists.", "Q77027": "Anke Christina Fischer (n\u00e9e Engelke; born 21 December 1965) is a Canadian-German comedian, actress and voice-over actress born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.", "Q196223": "Kim Hye-soo (Korean: \uae40\ud61c\uc218; born September 5, 1970) is a South Korean actress. She is best known for her roles in the films Tazza: The High Rollers (2006), The Thieves (2012), Coin Locker Girl (2015), Familyhood (2016), and Hyena (2020) as well as the television series Signal (2016). She is known for her versatility and acting range.", "Q92915": "Terry Archer Welch was an American computer scientist. Along with Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv, he developed the lossless Lempel\u2013Ziv\u2013Welch (LZW) compression algorithm, which was published in 1984.\n\n", "Q104741": "Peter Lohmeyer (born 22 January 1962 in Niedermarsberg) is a German actor. He has appeared in more than one hundred films since 1980.", "Q1182047": "Dudley Perkins is an American rapper and singer from Oxnard, California. He has released records on Stones Throw Records under his own name and the alias of Declaime. In 2008, he co-founded the SomeOthaShip Connect record label with his partner Georgia Anne Muldrow.", "Q5582": "Vincent Willem van Gogh (Dutch: [\u02c8v\u026ans\u0259nt \u02c8\u028b\u026al\u0259m v\u0251\u014b \u02c8\u0263\u0254x] (listen); 30 March 1853 \u2013 29 July 1890) was a Dutch post-impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. In just over a decade, he created about 2,100 artworks, including around 860 oil paintings, most of which date from the last two years of his life. They include landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits, and are characterised by bold colours and dramatic, impulsive and expressive brushwork that contributed to the foundations of modern art. He was not commercially successful, and his suicide at 37 came after years of mental illness, depression and poverty.\nBorn into an upper-middle-class family, Van Gogh drew as a child and was serious, quiet, and thoughtful. As a young man he worked as an art dealer, often travelling, but became depressed after he was transferred to London. He turned to religion and spent time as a Protestant missionary in southern Belgium. He drifted in ill health and solitude before taking up painting in 1881, having moved back home with his parents. His younger brother Theo supported him financially, and the two kept up a long correspondence by letter. His early works, mostly still lifes and depictions of peasant labourers, contain few signs of the vivid colour that distinguished his later work. In 1886, he moved to Paris, where he met members of the avant-garde, including \u00c9mile Bernard and Paul Gauguin, who were reacting against the Impressionist sensibility. As his work developed he created a new approach to still lifes and local landscapes. His paintings grew brighter in colour as he developed a style that became fully realised during his stay in Arles in the south of France in 1888. During this period he broadened his subject matter to include series of olive trees, wheat fields and sunflowers.\nVan Gogh suffered from psychotic episodes and delusions and though he worried about his mental stability, he often neglected his physical health, did not eat properly and drank heavily. His friendship with Gauguin ended after a confrontation with a razor when, in a rage, he severed part of his own left ear. He spent time in psychiatric hospitals, including a period at Saint-R\u00e9my. After he discharged himself and moved to the Auberge Ravoux in Auvers-sur-Oise near Paris, he came under the care of the homeopathic doctor Paul Gachet. His depression continued and on 27 July 1890, Van Gogh shot himself in the chest with a Lefaucheux revolver. He died from his injuries two days later.\nVan Gogh was unsuccessful during his lifetime, and was considered a madman and a failure. He became famous after his suicide, and exists in the public imagination as the quintessential misunderstood genius, the artist \"where discourses on madness and creativity converge\". His reputation began to grow in the early 20th century as elements of his painting style came to be incorporated by the Fauves and German Expressionists. He attained widespread critical, commercial and popular success over the ensuing decades, and is remembered as an important but tragic painter, whose troubled personality typifies the romantic ideal of the tortured artist. Today, Van Gogh's works are among the world's most expensive paintings to have ever sold, and his legacy is honoured by a museum in his name, the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, which holds the world's largest collection of his paintings and drawings.", "Q180441": "For the Speaker of the House of Magnates see Aur\u00e9l Dessewffy (1846\u20131928).Count Aur\u00e9l Dessewffy de Csernek et Tarke\u0151 (Hungarian: cserneki \u00e9s tarke\u0151i gr\u00f3f Dessewffy Aur\u00e9l, 1808\u20131842), Hungarian journalist and politician, eldest son of Count J\u00f3zsef Dessewffy and Eleon\u00f3ra Szt\u00e1ray, was born at Nagymih\u00e1ly, Zempl\u00e9n County, Austria-Hungarian Empire.\nCarefully educated at his father's house, he was accustomed to the best society of his day. While still a child he could declaim most of the Iliad in Greek without a book, and read and quoted Tacitus with enthusiasm. Under the noble influence of Ferenc Kazinczy he became acquainted with the chief masterpieces of European literature in their original tongues. He was particularly fond of the English, and one of his early idols was Jeremy Bentham. He regularly accompanied his father to the diets of which he was a member, followed the course of the debates, of which he kept a journal, and made the acquaintance of the great Istv\u00e1n Sz\u00e9chenyi, who encouraged his aspirations.On leaving college, he entered the royal aulic chancellery, and in 1832 was appointed secretary of the royal stadtholder at Buda. The same year he turned his attention to politics and was regarded as one of the most promising young orators of the day, especially during the sessions of the diet of 1832-1836, when he had the courage to oppose Lajos Kossuth. At the Pressburg diet in 1840, Dessewffy was already the leading orator of the more enlightened and progressive Conservatives, but incurred great unpopularity for not going far enough, with the result that he was twice defeated at the polls. But his reputation in court circles was increasing; he was appointed a member of the committee for the reform of the criminal law in 1840; and, the same year with a letter of recommendation from Metternich in his pocket, visited England and France, the Netherlands and Belgium, made the acquaintance of Thiers and Heine in Paris, and returned home with an immense and precious store of practical information. He at once proceeded to put fresh life into the despondent and irresolute Conservative party, and the Magyar aristocracy, by gallantly combating in the Vil\u00e1g the opinions of Kossuth's paper, the Pesti Hirlap. But the multiplicity of his labors was too much for his feeble physique, and he died on 9 February 1842, at the very time when his talents seemed most indispensable.", "Q27610": "Dezs\u0151 Kosztol\u00e1nyi (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u025b\u0292\u00f8\u02d0 \u02c8kostola\u02d0\u0272i]; March 29, 1885 \u2013 November 3, 1936) was a Hungarian writer, journalist, and translator. He wrote in all literature genres, from poetry through essays to theatre plays. Building his own style, he used French symbolism, impressionism, expressionism, psychological realism and is considered the father of futurism in Hungarian literature.", "Q282588": "Raymond Rouleau (14 June 1904 \u2013 1 December 1981) was a Belgian actor and film director. He appeared in 49 films between 1928 and 1979. He also directed 22 films between 1932 and 1981. He was married to the actress Fran\u00e7oise Lugagne.", "Q236993": "Luc\u00eda Etxebarr\u00eda de Asteinza is a Spanish writer. She was born in Valencia in 1966, of Basque parents as her name suggests, the youngest of seven children. The Basque surname Etxebarria has no diacritics, although its Spanish version Echevarr\u00eda has. Etxebarr\u00eda was a typo that she liked and adopted as a nom de plume, though it is not used in all her books. She is a recipient of the Premio Planeta de Novela and the Premio Nadal.", "Q1263215": "Glasnevin Cemetery (Irish: Reilig Ghlas Na\u00edon) is a large cemetery in Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland which opened in 1832. It holds the graves and memorials of several notable figures, and has a museum.", "Q207596": "Daryl Christine Hannah (born December 3, 1960) is an American actress and environmental activist. She made her screen debut in Brian De Palma's supernatural horror film The Fury (1978). She has starred in various movies across the years, including as Pris Stratton in Ridley Scott's science fiction thriller Blade Runner (1982) and as Cathy Featherstone in Randal Kleiser's romantic comedy Summer Lovers (1982), as the mermaid Madison in Ron Howard's fantasy-romantic comedy Splash (1984), Roxanne Kowalski in the romantic comedy Roxanne (1987), Darien Taylor in Oliver Stone's drama Wall Street (1987) and Annelle Dupuy Desoto in the comedy-drama Steel Magnolias (1989). In 2004, Hannah won a Saturn Award for her role as one-eyed assassin Elle Driver in Quentin Tarantino's two-part martial arts action film Kill Bill. In 2015 she appeared in the Netflix series Sense8 as Angelica Turing.\n\n", "Q71456": "Ludwig Christoph Heinrich H\u00f6lty (21 December 1748 \u2013 1 September 1776) was a German poet, known especially for his ballads.\nH\u00f6lty was born in the Electorate of Hanover in the village of Mariensee (today part of Neustadt am R\u00fcbenberge) where his father was pastor. In 1769, he went to study theology at the University of G\u00f6ttingen. There he formed a close friendship with Johann Martin Miller, Johann Heinrich Voss, Heinrich Christian Boie, the brothers Stolberg, and others, and became one of the founders of the famous society of young poets known as the Hain, or G\u00f6ttinger Hainbund. By the time he left the university in 1774, he had abandoned all intention of becoming a clergyman, but he was not to enter any profession. He died of consumption at Hanover.\nH\u00f6lty was the most gifted lyric poet of the G\u00f6ttingen circle. He was influenced by Johann Uz and Friedrich Klopstock, but his love for the Volkslied and his delight in nature preserved him from the artificiality of Uz and the unworldliness of Klopstock. A strain of melancholy runs through all his lyrics. His ballads are the pioneers of the rich ballad literature on English models, which sprang up in Germany over the next few years. Among his most familiar poems are: \"\u00dcb' immer Treu' und Redlichkeit\" (1776), \"Tanzt dem sch\u00f6nen Mai entgegen\", and \"Wer wollte sich mit Grillen plagen\" (1776).\nTo many, the opening lines of H\u00f6lty's poem \"Der alte Landmann an seinen Sohn\" (\"The Old Farmer to His Son\") are the very embodiment of all Prussian virtues. This poem was set to music by Mozart to a melody adapted from the aria \"Ein M\u00e4dchen oder Weibchen\" from his 1791 opera The Magic Flute. It was played daily by the carillon of the Potsdam Garrison Church where Frederick the Great was initially buried. The text reads as follows: \"\u00dcb' immer Treu und Redlichkeit / Bis an dein k\u00fchles Grab; / Und weiche keinen Fingerbreit / Von Gottes Wegen ab.\" Translation: \"Use always fidelity and honesty / Up to your cold grave; / And stray not one inch / From the ways of the Lord.\"H\u00f6lty's collection Gedichte (poems) was published by his friends Count Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg and J. H. Voss (Hamburg, 1783). A new edition, enlarged by Voss with a biography, came out in 1804, followed by a more complete but still imperfect edition by F. Voigts (Hanover, 1857). The first complete edition was that of Karl Halm (Leipzig, 1870), who had access to manuscripts not hitherto known.Many of H\u00f6lty's poems were set to music by composers including Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Mendelssohn, and Brahms. Several streets and schools in Germany are named after him, including the H\u00f6lty-Gymnasium in Wunstorf near Hanover; in 2008, the biennial poetry prize H\u00f6lty-Preis was created in his name.", "Q69219": "Abtwil is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. It lies next to the border with the canton of Lucerne.", "Q934956": "Richard Dahl (also known as Rickard Dahl; 5 August 1933 \u2013 8 August 2007) was a Swedish track and field athlete who competed in the high jump. His short-lived career was defined by a surprise win at the 1958 European Athletics Championships in a Swedish record of 2.12 m (6 ft 11 1\u20444 in).", "Q67220": "D\u00fcrnten is a municipality in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q387396": "\u015awidnica (Polish: [\u0255fid\u02c8\u0272itsa] (listen); German: Schweidnitz; Czech: Sv\u00eddnice; Silesian: \u015awid\u0144ica) is a city in south-western Poland in the region of Silesia. As of 2019, it has a population of 57,014 inhabitants. It lies in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, being the seventh largest town in that voivodeship. From 1975\u201398 it was in the former Wa\u0142brzych Voivodeship. It is now the seat of \u015awidnica County, and also of the smaller district of Gmina \u015awidnica (although it is not part of the territory of the latter, as the town forms a separate urban gmina). \u015awidnica became part of the Wa\u0142brzych agglomeration on 23 January 2014.", "Q452096": "G\u00fcler Sabanc\u0131 (born 1955) is a Turkish businesswoman, a third-generation female member of the Sabanc\u0131 family, and the chairperson of the family-controlled Sabanc\u0131 Holding, the second-largest industrial and financial conglomerate in Turkey. As of 2014, she is listed as the 60th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes, which first recognized her in 1999.", "Q152513": "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 \u2013 March 24, 1882) was an American poet and educator whose works include \"Paul Revere's Ride\", The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline. He was also the first American to translate Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy and was one of the Fireside Poets from New England.\nLongfellow was born in Portland, Maine, which was then still part of Massachusetts. He studied at Bowdoin College and became a professor at Bowdoin and later at Harvard College after spending time in Europe. His first major poetry collections were Voices of the Night (1839) and Ballads and Other Poems (1841). He retired from teaching in 1854 to focus on his writing, and he lived the remainder of his life in the Revolutionary War headquarters of George Washington in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His first wife Mary Potter died in 1835 after a miscarriage. His second wife Frances Appleton died in 1861 after sustaining burns when her dress caught fire. After her death, Longfellow had difficulty writing poetry for a time and focused on translating works from foreign languages. He died in 1882.\nLongfellow wrote many lyric poems known for their musicality and often presenting stories of mythology and legend. He became the most popular American poet of his day and also had success overseas. He has been criticized by some, however, for imitating European styles and writing specifically for the masses.", "Q434313": "Giulia Rubini (born 2 June 1935) is an Italian actress. She appeared in 35 films between 1953 and 1968. She starred in the film The Window to Luna Park, which was entered into the 7th Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q548964": "Dr. Yosef \"Yossi\" Beilin (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \"\u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\" \u05d1\u05d9\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05df, born 12 June 1948) is an Israeli politician and scholar who has served in multiple ministerial and leadership positions in the Israeli government. Much of his political career was in the Labour Party. He also served as chairman of the Meretz-Yachad political party. After retiring from political life, Beilin founded 'Beilink', a business consultancy company. He also writes opinion pieces in Israeli papers Haaretz and Israel Hayom.\nBeilin was a significant figure in the 1990s Israeli\u2013Palestinian peace process. He participated in the back-channel negotiations that eventually led to the adoption of the 1993 Oslo Accords, a framework agreement to end the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict.", "Q1755236": "The Civic Forum (Czech: Ob\u010dansk\u00e9 f\u00f3rum, OF) was a political movement in the Czech part of Czechoslovakia, established during the Velvet Revolution in 1989. The corresponding movement in Slovakia was called Public Against Violence (Slovak: Verejnos\u0165 proti n\u00e1siliu - VPN).\nThe Civic Forum's purpose was to unify the dissident forces in Czechoslovakia and to overthrow the Communist regime. In this, they succeeded when the Communists gave up power in November 1989 after only 10 days of protests. Playwright V\u00e1clav Havel, its leader and founder, was elected president on December 29, 1989. Although the Forum did not have a clear political strategy beyond the June 1990 elections, it campaigned successfully in March and April 1990 during the first free elections in Czechoslovakia since 1946. Those elections garnered Civic Forum 36 percent of the vote, the highest that a Czechoslovakian party ever obtained in a free election. This netted it 68 seats in the Chamber of Deputies; combined with Public Against Violence's 19 seats, it commanded a strong majority.\nThe Civic Forum had a very loose structure, and most of its (self-appointed) leaders came from Prague-based members of the Charter 77 dissident movement. In December 1989, Jan Urban became the Forum's chairman after Havel's election as president. Urban served until June 1990, when he resigned, stating he did not want a rift between the organization and the president. On October 16, 1990, V\u00e1clav Klaus was elected its new chairman. Klaus's policies were opposed by other leading figures within the Forum and party unity soon vanished.\nAt the Civic Forum congress in January 1991, the movement divided. The more right wing members, led by Klaus, declared that they would form an independent party, the Civic Democratic Party (Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 demokratick\u00e1 strana), with a clearer program advocating a free market. The party elected Klaus as its chairman in February 1991. The more centrist members of Civic Forum, led by federal minister of foreign affairs Ji\u0159\u00ed Dienstbier, formed the Civic Movement (Ob\u010dansk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed). Klaus stated that the two parties would rule as a coalition until the 1992 elections. However, by July 1991 Klaus declared the inter-party cooperation over. The Civic Democratic Party was victorious in the elections of 1992 while the Civic Movement failed to reach the 5% threshold to enter parliament and eventually disappeared.", "Q208869": "Francis McCourt (August 19, 1930 \u2013 July 19, 2009) was an Irish-American teacher and writer. He won a Pulitzer Prize for his book Angela's Ashes, a tragicomic memoir of the misery and squalor of his childhood.", "Q462155": "The Vengeance of Fu Manchu is a 1967 British film directed by Jeremy Summers and starring Christopher Lee, Horst Frank, Douglas Wilmer and Tsai Chin. It was the third British/West German Constantin Film co-production of the Dr. Fu Manchu series and the first to be filmed in Hong Kong. It was generally released in the U.K. through Warner-Path\u00e9 (as a support feature to the Lindsay Shonteff film The Million Eyes of Sumuru) on 3 December 1967.", "Q605162": "Miquel Cal\u00e7ada Olivella (Catalan pronunciation: [mi\u02c8k\u025bl k\u0259l\u02c8sa\u00f0\u0259]; born 13 August 1965 in Sabadell, near Barcelona) is a Catalan communicating entrepreneur.", "Q221223": "Hyginus Gromaticus (Gromaticus from groma, a surveying device) was a Latin writer on land-surveying, who flourished in the reign of Trajan (AD 98\u2013117). Fragments of a work on legal boundaries attributed to him will be found in C. F. Lachmann, Gromatici Veteres, i (1848) and in Carl Olof Thulin, Corpus agrimensorum Romanorum, I Opuscula agrimensorum veterum (Leipzig, 1913). The 'surname' Gromaticus was falsely attributed to Hyginus: There is only one reading in the manuscripts (Arcerianus A 161) which ascribes the work to a KYGYNVS GROMATICVS. The other mss. give the work the title LIBER HYGINI GROMATICVS, so undoubtedly the book was called Liber gromaticus.\nA treatise on Roman military camps (De Munitionibus Castrorum), was formerly attributed to him, but is probably of later date, about the 3rd century AD (ed. W. Gemoll, 1879; A. von Domaszewski, 1887) and is now attributed to \"Pseudo-Hyginus\".", "Q1677083": "Jack Kent Cooke (October 25, 1912 \u2013 April 6, 1997) was a Canadian-American businessman in broadcasting and professional sports. Starting in sales, Cooke was very successful, eventually becoming a partner in a network of radio stations and newspapers in Canada. After failing at starting a major league baseball team in Toronto and being turned down to own a television station in Toronto, Cooke moved to the United States and built a business empire in broadcasting and professional sports franchises. Cooke was the owner of the Washington Redskins (NFL), the Los Angeles Lakers (NBA), the Los Angeles Kings (NHL), the Los Angeles Wolves (United Soccer) and Toronto Maple Leafs (IL). He also developed The Forum in Inglewood, California, and FedExField near Landover, Maryland.", "Q70984": "Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (21 March 1678 \u2013 17 July 1755) was Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg from 1718 until her death. \nDuchess Marie Elisabeth was born in Hamburg as the youngest child of Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, and his wife, Princess Frederica Amalia of Denmark. She was considered for marriage to Charles XII of Sweden, but he declined. \nIn 1718, she was elected Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg. However, the Kings in Prussia, who obtained the guardianship of the abbey-principality as electors of Brandenburg in 1698, tried to impose their authority over this small state of the Holy Roman Empire by attempting to influence the election of new princess-abbess in favour of their own relatives. Marie Elisabeth was elected several times during the interregnum, while the abbey-principality was ruled by the provost Maria Aurora von K\u00f6nigsmarck, but King Frederick William I of Prussia refused to consent to each election and Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI consequently refused to confirm the elections. The election, however, eventually went ahead but the selection of a duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp instead than a princess of Prussia caused quite a stir. Due to her territorial disputes with the King in Prussia, Marie Elisabeth turned to the Holy Roman Emperor, but without success.\nAs the ruler, Princess-Abbess Marie Elisabeth restored the castle, the abbey and the Abbey Church of St. Servatius, where she was buried upon her death in Quedlinburg. After her death, a princess of Prussia was finally elected and Marie Elisabeth was succeeded by Princess Anna Amalia of Prussia.", "Q236987": "Edna Mae Durbin (December 4, 1921 \u2013 April 17, 2013), known professionally as Deanna Durbin, was a Canadian-born actress and singer, later settled in France, who appeared in musical films in the 1930s and 1940s. With the technical skill and vocal range of a legitimate lyric soprano, she performed many styles from popular standards to operatic arias.\nDurbin made her first film appearance with Judy Garland in Every Sunday (1936), and subsequently signed a contract with Universal Studios. Her success as the ideal teenaged daughter in films such as Three Smart Girls (1936) was credited with saving the studio from bankruptcy. In 1938, at the age of 17, Durbin was awarded the Academy Juvenile Award.\nAs she matured, Durbin grew dissatisfied with the girl-next-door roles assigned to her, and attempted to portray a more womanly and sophisticated style. The film noir Christmas Holiday (1944) and the whodunit Lady on a Train (1945) were, however, not as well received as her musical comedies and romances had been. Durbin retired from acting and singing in 1949, and withdrew from public life, granting no interviews for the remainder of her life, except for one in 1983. She married film producer-director Charles Henri David in 1950, and the couple moved to a farmhouse near Paris.", "Q453388": "Frederick Eugene John Lees (February 8, 1928 \u2013 April 22, 2010) was a Canadian music critic, biographer, lyricist, and journalist. Lees worked as a newspaper journalist in his native Canada before moving to the United States, where he was a music critic and lyricist. His lyrics for Antonio Carlos Jobim's \"Corcovado\" (released as \"Quiet Nights of Quiet Stars\"), have been recorded by such singers as Frank Sinatra, Peggy Lee, Queen Latifah, and Diana Krall.", "Q71442": "Johann Jakob Engel (11 September 1741 \u2013 28 June 1802) was a German author.", "Q65437": "Bernd Lange (born 14 November 1955) is a German politician and member of the European Parliament from Germany. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.\nHe was a member of the European Parliament from 1994 to 2004. Since July 2009 he is again member of the European Parliament within the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament. Since 2014, Bernd Lange is chairman of the INTA committee (International Trade) and rapporteur for TTIP (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership)", "Q4772057": "Anthony John James Bailey, (born 13 January 1970) is a British public relations consultant.\n\n", "Q385581": "Hurra, die Schule brennt! (German: \"Hurrah, the School Is Burning!\") is a 1969 German comedy film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Peter Alexander, Heintje Simons and Theo Lingen. It is the fourth of a series of school comedy films under the collective title Die L\u00fcmmel von der ersten Bank (\"The Brats from the Front Bench Row\"), all of them starring Hansi Kraus and Theo Lingen.", "Q5109597": "Christian Ferdinand Friedrich Krauss (Stuttgart, 9 July 1812 \u2013 15 September 1890), was a German scientist, traveler and collector.", "Q3059984": "Eug\u00e8ne Lefebvre (4 October 1878 \u2013 7 September 1909) was a French aviation pioneer. He was reportedly the first \"stunt pilot\", the first person to die while piloting a powered airplane, and the second person to be killed in a powered airplane crash.", "Q897757": "Brand Nubian is an American hip hop group from New Rochelle, New York, composed of three emcees: Grand Puba, Sadat X and Lord Jamar, and formerly two DJs: DJ Alamo and DJ Sincere. Its debut album, One for All is one of the most popular and acclaimed alternative hip hop albums of the 1990s, known for socially conscious and political lyrics inspired by the teachings of The Nation of Gods and Earths. About.com placed the group on its list of the 25 Greatest Rap Groups of All Time.", "Q214298": "Julius Rudolph Ottomar Freiherr von Minutoli (30 August 1804, Berlin \u2013 5 November 1860, Khaneh Zanian Caravanserai, near Shiraz, Persia) was a Prussian chief of police, diplomat, scientist, and author, as well as a gifted draughtsman.", "Q194420": "The 16th arrondissement of Paris (XVIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as seizi\u00e8me.\nThe arrondissement includes part of the Arc de Triomphe, and a concentration of museums between the Place du Trocad\u00e9ro and the Place d'I\u00e9na, complemented in 2014 by the Fondation Louis Vuitton.With its ornate 19th-century buildings, large avenues, prestigious schools, museums, and various parks, the arrondissement has long been known as one of French high society's favourite places of residence (comparable to London's Kensington and Chelsea or Berlin's Charlottenburg) to such an extent that the phrase le 16e (French pronunciation: \u200b[l\u0259 s\u025bzj\u025bm]) has been associated with great wealth in French popular culture. Indeed, the 16th arrondissement of Paris is France's third richest district for average household income, following the 7th, and Neuilly-sur-Seine, both adjacent.The 16th arrondissement hosts several large sporting venues, including: the Parc des Princes, which is the stadium where Paris Saint-Germain football club plays its home matches; Roland Garros Stadium, where the French Open tennis championships are held; and Stade Jean-Bouin, home to the Stade Fran\u00e7ais rugby union club. The Bois de Boulogne, the second-largest public park in Paris (behind only the Bois de Vincennes), is also located in this arrondissement.", "Q62358": "Jonas Kaufmann (born 10 July 1969) is a German operatic tenor. He is best known for his performances in spinto roles such as Don Jos\u00e9 in Carmen, Cavaradossi in Tosca, Maurizio in Adriana Lecouvreur, and the title role in Don Carlos. He has also sung leading tenor roles in the operas of Richard Wagner in Germany and abroad, most notably at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. He is also an accomplished Lieder singer. In 2014 The New York Times described Kaufmann as \"a box-office draw, and... the most important, versatile tenor of his generation.\"", "Q33671": "Deathdream (also known as Dead of Night) is a 1974 horror film directed by Bob Clark and written by Alan Ormsby, and starring Richard Backus, John Marley, and Lynn Carlin. Filmed in Brooksville, Florida, it was inspired by the W. W. Jacobs short story \"The Monkey's Paw\".", "Q948447": "Leon Richard Kass (born February 12, 1939) is an American physician, scientist, educator, and public intellectual, best known as proponent of liberal education via the \"Great Books,\" as an opponent of human cloning, life extension and euthanasia, as a critic of certain areas of technological progress and embryo research, and for his controversial tenure as chairman of the President's Council on Bioethics from 2001 to 2005. Although Kass is often referred to as a bioethicist, he eschews the term and refers to himself as \"an old-fashioned humanist. A humanist is concerned broadly with all aspects of human life, not just the ethical.\"Kass is currently the Addie Clark Harding Professor Emeritus in the College and the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago and the Hertog Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. His books include Toward A More Natural Science: Biology and Human Affairs; The Hungry Soul: Eating and the Perfecting of our Nature; Life, Liberty, and the Defense of Dignity: The Challenge for Bioethics; The Beginning of Wisdom: Reading Genesis; and What So Proudly We Hail: The American Soul in Story, Speech, and Song. \n\"For his students and readers,\" Yuval Levin summarizes, \"Leon Kass has laid out a path of inquiry showing that those questions that bedevil us most today have been with us for countless generations, and have to do not with the latest modern excess, but with man\u2019s unchanging nature, wants, needs, and potential. It is a path...that opens with a question: How does man thrive?\"\n\n", "Q384847": "Claes Adolf Adelsk\u00f6ld (7 September 1824 \u2013 1 October 1907) was a Swedish civil engineer, railway engineer, Army officer, member of the upper house of the Parliament of Sweden, and writer.", "Q54958409": "For All Mankind is an American science fiction web television series created and written by Ronald D. Moore, Matt Wolpert and Ben Nedivi and produced for Apple TV+. The series dramatizes an alternate history depicting \"what would have happened if the global space race had never ended\" after the Soviet Union succeeds in the first manned Moon landing.For All Mankind premiered on November 1, 2019, and was renewed for a second season in October 2019.", "Q63046": "Corinna May (born 6 October 1970 in Bremen, Germany as Corinna Meyer) is a blind singer from Germany. She is best known for competing in the 2002 Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"I Can't Live Without Music\".", "Q565148": "Qiu Chuji (1148 \u2013 23 July 1227), also known by his Taoist name Master Changchun, was a Taoist disciple of Wang Chongyang. He was the most famous among the Seven True Taoists of the North. He was the founder of the Dragon Gate sect of Taoism attracting the largest following in the streams of traditions flowing from the sects of the disciples.", "Q2895601": "Benjamin Huntington \"Ben\" Wright (5 May 1915 \u2013 2 July 1989) was an English-American actor in radio, film, and television.", "Q3551685": "The University of Trinity College, known simply as Trinity College, is a college federated to the University of Toronto, founded in 1851 by Bishop John Strachan. Trinity College was originally intended by the founder Strachan as a college of strong Anglican alignment, after the University of Toronto severed its ties with the Church of England. In 1904, Trinity joined the university as a member of its collegiate federation.\nTrinity College consists of a secular undergraduate section and a postgraduate divinity school that is part of the Toronto School of Theology. Through its diploma granting authority in the field of Divinity, Trinity maintains official university status. Trinity hosts three of the University of Toronto Faculty of Arts and Sciences undergraduate programs: international relations; ethics, society and law; and immunology.Among the University of Toronto Colleges, Trinity stands out for its active student life and trappings of English heritage; the College hosts weekly formal dinners, maintains the tradition of academic gowns, manages its student government through direct democracy, and hosts a litany of clubs and societies.", "Q356901": "Michael Anthony Trevino (born January 25, 1985) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Tyler Lockwood on The CW's The Vampire Diaries and Kyle Valenti in Roswell, New Mexico.", "Q601304": "Elizabeth Hand (born March 29, 1957) is an American writer.", "Q587873": "Hugo Cores (November 7, 1937\u2013December 7, 2006) was an influential Uruguayan political activist.\nBorn in Villa Crespo, Argentina, Cores was a target of Operation Condor, a campaign of assassination and intelligence-gathering among South American governments in the mid-1970s. He avoided assassination, however, and became the last surviving core member of the Partido por la Victoria del Pueblo, before his death in 2006.\nHis remains are buried in the Cementerio del Buceo, Montevideo.", "Q4722106": "Alfonso Ugarte (July 13, 1847 \u2013 June 7, 1880) was a Peruvian civilian turned military commander during the War of the Pacific, between Peru and Bolivia against Chile. He held the rank of Colonel.\nUgarte was born in Tarapac\u00e1, Peru, the son of the rich tarapaque\u00f1os retailers Don Narciso Ugarte and Do\u00f1a Rosa Vernal. At an early age, he was sent by his parents to the Chilean port of Valparaiso, where he was educated, finishing his studies in 1868. On his return to Peru, he settled in Iquique, where he administered the family business. He was elected City Mayor in 1876.\nAt the beginning of the War of the Pacific, Ugarte was about to leave the country for a business trip to Europe, but instead he decided to stay in order to organize a battalion using his own money. This unit was recruited from the workers and craftsmen of Iquique. It was named \"Battalion Iquique N\u00b0 1\", and it consisted of 429 enlisted men and 36 officers. As he enlisted a whole battalion to the war effort, he was admitted into the army as a Colonel.\nHe fought at the Battle of Tarapac\u00e1, where he was injured. The Peruvian forces retreated following this battle, and merged with the Army of the South, commanded by Major General Juan Buend\u00eda; the combined force marched from Tarapaca to Arica.\nUgarte was head of the Eighth Division in the defense of the city of Arica, where he participated in the two military councils held by Colonel Francisco Bolognesi, where the agreement was made to defend the bastion \"until burning the last round\".\n\nUgarte died fighting at Arica. He rode his horse over the Rock of Arica in order to prevent the Peruvian flag, which he was carrying, from being captured by the Chilean troops. Thus, Alfonso Ugarte indeed fulfilled the promise to fight to the last bullet.\nUgarte is today considered a Peruvian national hero and his sacrifice in Arica together with Colonel Bolognesi and the rest of the garrison is remembered in Peru's Day of the Flag.", "Q3103334": "Georges Philippar, born on 16 October 1883 in Fontenay-aux-Roses, was a French shipbuilder. He became part of the Messageries Maritimes company in 1912, becoming its chief executive officer in 1925.\nIll-fated French ocean liner MS Georges Philippar was named after him. The ship caught fire on her maiden voyage in 1932 and sank in the Gulf of Aden with the loss of 54 lives.", "Q100255": "Paul Sch\u00e4fer (born 18 January 1949 in Mainz) is a German politician and diplomat. \nIn 1978 he received a diploma in sociology.\nFrom 1983 to 1990 he was editor of the magazine Wissenschaft und Frieden ('Science and Peace').", "Q195058": "Casey Abrams (born February 12, 1991) is an American musician from Idyllwild, California, who finished in sixth place in the tenth season of American Idol, five weeks after being saved from elimination by the judges. A self-titled debut album was released in 2012 through Concord Records. Tales from the Gingerbread House was released on January 29, 2016.", "Q194346": "The Musketeer is a 2001 American action-adventure film based on Alexandre Dumas's classic novel The Three Musketeers, directed and photographed by Peter Hyams and starring Catherine Deneuve, Mena Suvari, Stephen Rea, Tim Roth and Justin Chambers. The film features Tsui Hark's regular actor Xin-Xin Xiong as a stunt choreographer. The film enjoyed box office success in the United States.", "Q574723": "Mannheim Palace (German: Mannheimer Schloss) is a large Baroque palace in Mannheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It was originally the main residence of the Prince-electors of the Electorate of the Palatinate of the House of Wittelsbach. Part of the palace is used by the University of Mannheim. The castle, which features tapestries, furniture, paintings, porcelain and silverware can be visited on a free-flow basis with audioguides.", "Q755741": "Silver Spring is an village, census-designated place, and edge city inside the Capital Beltway, near Washington, D.C., in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. As of 2018, it had a population of 81,816 residents, according to the official estimate from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey, making it the fourth most populous place in Maryland, after Baltimore, Columbia, and Germantown, and the second most populous in Montgomery County after Germantown.The urbanized, oldest, and southernmost part of Silver Spring is a major business hub that lies at the north apex of Washington, D.C. As of 2004, this 360-acre (145.7 ha) central business district (CBD) held 7,254,729 square feet (673,986 m2) of office space, 5216 dwelling units, and 17.6 acres (7.1 ha) of parkland. The population density of Silver Spring's CBD was 15,600 people per square mile.\nThe community has undergone a significant renaissance, with the addition of major retail, residential, and office developments.\nSilver Spring takes its name from a mica-flecked spring discovered there in 1840, by Francis Preston Blair, who subsequently bought much of the surrounding land. Acorn Park, tucked away in an area of south Silver Spring away from the main downtown area, is believed to be the site of the original spring.", "Q1189660": "Dennis Dias (born December 12, 1946) is an American guitarist, best known for being a founding member of Steely Dan.", "Q439151": "Kaija K\u00e4rkinen (born 9 September 1962) is a Finnish singer and actress. She is probably best known for representing Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, with the song \"Hullu y\u00f6\", finishing 20th.\nK\u00e4rkinen was born in Sodankyl\u00e4. She started her career in the group Lato as a vocalist. After her Eurovision appearance, she started working as a duo with Finnish musician and guitarist Ile Kallio, releasing a number of albums.\n\n", "Q8008661": "The William Esper Studio was founded in 1965 as a school for the performing arts in Manhattan, New York. The school is dedicated to the acting technique of Sanford Meisner. Its founder, William \"Bill\" Esper, is often referred to as the best-known of Meisner's first generation teachers, and his most \"authentic protege\".The William Esper Studio was listed as one of The 25 Best Drama Schools for a Master of Fine Arts numerous times.", "Q102442": "Burkard Hillebrands, Prof. Dr. (born 1957) is a German physicist and professor of physics. He is the leader of the magnetism research group in the Department of Physics at the Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern.", "Q560756": "Willem Marinus Dudok (6 July 1884 \u2013 6 April 1974) was a Dutch modernist architect. He was born in Amsterdam. He became City Architect for the town of Hilversum in 1928 where he was best known for the brick Hilversum Town Hall, completed in 1931. Not only did he design the building, but also the interior including the carpets, furniture and even the mayor's meeting hammer. He also designed and built about 75 houses, public buildings and entire neighborhoods.", "Q210798": "Charles-Marie-Georges Huysmans (US: , French: [\u0283a\u0281l ma\u0281i \u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 \u0265ism\u0251\u0303s]; 5 February 1848 \u2013 12 May 1907) was a French novelist and art critic who published his works as Joris-Karl Huysmans (pronounced [\u0292o\u0281is ka\u0281l -], variably abbreviated as J. K. or J.-K.). He is most famous for the novel \u00c0 rebours (1884, published in English as Against the Grain or Against Nature). He supported himself by a 30-year career in the French civil service.\nHuysmans' work is considered remarkable for its idiosyncratic use of the French language, large vocabulary, descriptions, satirical wit and far-ranging erudition. First considered part of Naturalism, he became associated with the decadent movement with his publication of \u00c0 rebours. His work expressed his deep pessimism, which had led him to the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer. In later years, his novels reflected his study of Catholicism, religious conversion, and becoming an oblate. He discussed the iconography of Christian architecture at length in La cath\u00e9drale (1898), set at Chartres and with its cathedral as the focus of the book.\nL\u00e0-bas (1891), En route (1895) and La cath\u00e9drale (1898) are a trilogy that feature Durtal, an autobiographical character whose spiritual progress is tracked and who converts to Catholicism. In the novel that follows, L'Oblat (1903), Durtal becomes an oblate in a monastery, as Huysmans himself was in the Benedictine Abbey at Ligug\u00e9, near Poitiers, in 1901. La cath\u00e9drale was his most commercially successful work. Its profits enabled Huysmans to retire from his civil service job and live on his royalties.", "Q230448": "Dame Elizabeth Jane Campion (born 30 April 1954) is a New Zealand screenwriter, producer, and director. She is the second of five women ever nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director and the first and only female filmmaker to receive the Palme d'Or, which she received for the acclaimed film The Piano (1993), for which she also won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.\n\n", "Q708452": "Aleksandr Ivanovich Laveykin (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438\u043d; born April 21, 1951) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut.\nBorn in Moscow, Laveykin was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978. He flew on one spaceflight, for the first part of the long duration expedition Mir EO-2. He flew as a flight engineer, and was both launched and landed with the spacecraft Soyuz TM-2. He spent 174 days 3 hours 25 minutes in space. Married with one child, Laveykin retired on March 28, 1994.Launched in February 1987, his spaceflight was intended to last until December 1987, but doctors on the ground determined that he was having minor heart irregularities. For this reason, in July he was replaced by Soviet cosmonaut Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov, who stayed on Mir to the end of the expedition in December.\nHe was awarded the titles of Hero of the Soviet Union and Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Order of Lenin and the Russian Federation Medal \"For Merit in Space Exploration\".\n\n", "Q2468339": "Jem, also known as Jem and the Holograms, is an American animated musical television series that ran from 1985 to 1988 on first-run syndication and 1989 to 1992 on USA Network in the United States; 1986, 1987 to late 80's on CITV; 1992 to 1994 on UK Gold; 1994 on The Children's Channel (then: TCC) and 1987 to 1990 on Sky One's Fun Factory / Sky One's The DJ Kat Show in the United Kingdom. The series is about music company owner Jerrica Benton, her singer alter-ego Jem, Jem's band the Holograms, and their adventures.The series was a joint collaboration by Hasbro, Sunbow Productions and Marvel Productions, the same team responsible for G.I. Joe and Transformers. The creator of the series, Christy Marx, had also been a staff writer for the aforementioned programs. The animation for most of the episodes was provided by Japanese animation studio Toei Animation.", "Q112651": "Polad B\u00fclb\u00fclo\u011flu (Azerbaijani: Polad Murtuza o\u011flu M\u0259mm\u0259dov; born February 4, 1945) is a Soviet and Azerbaijani singer, actor, politician, and diplomat. B\u00fclb\u00fclo\u011flu became famous in the Soviet Union with composing jazz-influenced pop songs which has heavy Azeri folk feelings in Russian and Azerbaijani languages. He also sang his own songs. Three of his songs became Songs of the Year and he received numerous prestigious awards in the Soviet Union. B\u00fclb\u00fclo\u011flu is a lyrical tenor.\nIn the late 1990s, despite having a huge success with a new version arranged by Paul Buckmaster of his old song G\u0259l Ey S\u0259h\u0259r (Come, Hey Morning!) in Turkey and sold out concerts in Russia, B\u00fclb\u00fclo\u011flu started a political career. He became the Minister of Culture of Azerbaijan and is currently the Azerbaijani ambassador to Russia.In 2017, he was a candidate to the post of Director-General of UNESCO. He withdrew his candidacy on October 10 after getting only 2 votes in the first round of the election.\n\n", "Q61137": "Abraham a Sancta Clara (July 2, 1644 \u2013 December 1, 1709), German divine, was born at Kreenheinstetten, near Messkirch. His lay name was Johann Ulrich Megerle. He has been described as \"a very eccentric but popular Augustinian monk\".", "Q541940": "Diane Cluck is an American singer-songwriter. She describes her music as \"intuitive folk\". She currently resides in Virginia.", "Q77755": "Hermann Paasche (German pronunciation: [\u02c8pa\u02d0\u0283\u025b]; February 24, 1851, Burg bei Magdeburg \u2013 April 11, 1925, Detroit) was a German statistician and economist. He is known for his Paasche Index, which provides a calculation of the Price Index. Paasche studied economics, agriculture, statistics and philosophy at University of Halle. In 1879, he became a professor of political science at Aachen University of Technology. Paasche died in 1925 in Detroit, Michigan, United States.", "Q1328764": "Julius Katchen (August 15, 1926 \u2013 April 29, 1969) was an American concert pianist, possibly best known for his recordings of Johannes Brahms's solo piano works.", "Q66880": "Rudolf Haym (5 October 1821 \u2013 27 August 1901) was a German philosopher.\n\nHe was born in Gr\u00fcnberg in Prussia (now Zielona G\u00f3ra, Poland), and died in St. Anton (Arlberg). He studied philosophy and theology at Halle and Berlin.\nHe was a member of the National Assembly at Frankfurt in 1848, and wrote an account of the proceedings from the standpoint of the Right Centre. From 1851 he lectured in literature and philosophy at the University of Halle, and became professor in 1860.\nHis writings are biographical and critical, devoted mainly to German philosophy and literature. In 1870 he published a history of the Romantic school. He also wrote biographies of Wilhelm von Humboldt (1856), Hegel (1857), Schopenhauer (1864), Herder (1877\u20131885) and Max Duncker (1890). In 1901 he published Erinnerungen aus meinem Leben (\"Recollections from My Life\").\n\nAttribution This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Haym, Rudolf\". Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 113\u2013114.", "Q57485": "Mohammed Zillur Rahman (9 March 1929 \u2013 20 March 2013) was the 18th President of Bangladesh from 2008 to 2013. He was also a senior presidium member of the Awami League. He is the third president of Bangladesh, after Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Ziaur Rahman, to die in office, while being the first to die of natural causes.", "Q67546": "Hagneck is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q189471": "Cupertino ( KOOP-\u0259r-TEEN-oh) is a city in Santa Clara County, California, directly west of San Jose on the western edge of the Santa Clara Valley with portions extending into the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains. The population was 58,302 as of the 2010 census.In 2015, Forbes ranked Cupertino as one of the most educated places in the U.S. in respect to the percentage of high school and college graduates. It is known as the home of Apple Inc.'s corporate headquarters.", "Q95908": "Richard H\u00fcttig (18 March 1908 in Ro\u00dfleben-Bottendorf \u2013 14 June 1934 in Berlin, executed) was a prewar German Communist who was put to death, apparently more for his political convictions than for any crime he committed.", "Q687175": "The Deutsche Bundesbahn or DB (German Federal Railway) was formed as the state railway of the newly established Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) on 7 September 1949 as a successor of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (DRG). The DB remained the state railway of West Germany until after German reunification, when it was merged with the former East German Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) to form Deutsche Bahn AG, which came into existence on 1 January 1994.", "Q277703": "Anjali is an Indian film actress and model, who predominantly appears in Tamil and Telugu films. Following a stint in modelling, she was cast in starring roles in two Telugu productions; her d\u00e9but film was the Telugu film Photo, which released in 2006, before bagging a role and gaining attention in the film Kattradhu Thamizh (2007) with Jiiva. In 2010 and 2011, she won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Tamil, for her performances in Angaadi Theru and Engaeyum Eppothum respectively, & Tamil Nadu State Film Award For Angadi Theru subsequently becoming recognised as one of the \"finest young actors\" in Tamil cinema, and noted for mostly playing \"performance-oriented roles\".\nHer Telugu re-entry occurred through Journey (Telugu dubbing of Engaeyum Eppothum), which garnered her critical acclaim. Followed by Journey, she appeared in a string of successful films like Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu, Balupu, Masala, Geethanjali and Dictator, which made her one of the leading actresses in Telugu. She also received two Nandi awards for best actress for her performances in the films Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu and Geethanjali. In May 2016, she won great applause for her role in the Tamil Film Iraivi, making huge impact on Tamil audiences. In August 2017, she appeared in a cameo role in director Ram's Taramani which earned good responses from both critics as well as audiences.", "Q220883": "Poul William Anderson (November 25, 1926 \u2013 July 31, 2001) was an American science fiction author who began his career in the 1940s and continued to write into the 21st century. Anderson authored several works of fantasy, historical novels, and short stories. His awards include seven Hugo Awards and three Nebula Awards.", "Q68675": "Martin Zeiler (also Zeiller, born 17 April 1589 in Ranten, died 6 October 1661 in Ulm) was a Baroque era German author.\nZeiler's father was an exile from Upper Styria, forced to emigrate due to his protestant confession. \nZeiler was schooled in Ulm, moving to Wittenberg in 1608 to study jurisprudence and history. He worked several jobs as private teacher and notary.\nHe lived in Ulm from 1629, working as teacher and inspector at local schools.\nZeiler was very productive as an author, meeting the template of the Baroque polyhistor. The Ulm city library lists 90 works authored by Zeiler. \nHis productivity was recognized by his contemporaries; Georg Philipp Harsd\u00f6rffer mentions Herrn Zeillers proverbial industriousness in one of his poems.\nZeiler is best known for his contribution to Matth\u00e4us Merian's Topographia Germaniae (16 vol., 1642\u20131654).", "Q586": "The Federal city of Bonn (German pronunciation: [b\u0254n] (listen)) is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of over 300,000. About 24 km (15 mi) south-southeast of Cologne, Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ruhr region, Germany's largest metropolitan area, with over 11 million inhabitants. It is famously known as the birthplace of Ludwig Van Beethoven in 1770. He spent his childhood and teenage years in Bonn.\nFounded in the 1st century BC as a Roman settlement, Bonn is one of Germany's oldest cities. From 1597 to 1794, Bonn was the capital of the Electorate of Cologne, and residence of the Archbishops and Prince-electors of Cologne. From 1949 to 1990, Bonn was the capital of West Germany, and Germany's present constitution, the Basic Law, was declared in the city in 1949. The era when Bonn served as the capital of West Germany is referred to by historians as the Bonn Republic. From 1990 to 1999, Bonn served as the seat of government \u2013 but no longer capital \u2013 of reunited Germany.\nBecause of a political compromise following the reunification, the German federal government maintains a substantial presence in Bonn. Roughly a third of all ministerial jobs are located in Bonn as of 2019, and the city is considered a second, unofficial, capital of the country. Bonn is the secondary seat of the President, the Chancellor, the Bundesrat and the primary seat of six federal government ministries and twenty federal authorities. The title of Federal City (German: Bundesstadt) reflects its important political status within Germany.The headquarters of Deutsche Post DHL and Deutsche Telekom, both DAX-listed corporations, are in Bonn. The city is home to the University of Bonn and a total of 20 United Nations institutions, the highest number in all of Germany. These institutions include the headquarters for Secretariat of the UN Framework Convention Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Secretariat of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), and the UN Volunteers programme.", "Q1118838": "M\u00f3r Korach or Maurizio Korach (8 February 1888 \u2212 27 November 1975) was a Hungarian chemical engineer, founder of technical chemistry in Hungary, and a full member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Residing in Italy between 1912 and 1952, he was internationally recognized for his ceramic engineering researches, significantly developing the Italian ceramic industry.\nHe was born in Miskolc, Hungary, and studied at the Budapest University of Technology until 1911, then migrated to Italy in 1912 because of political reasons. From 1916 until 1932 on he was a teacher in the art school of International Museum of Ceramics in Faenza, also directed the research laboratory of the museum. After 1925 he was the chairman of the technical chemistry department at the University of Bologna. During World War II he joined the Italian Communist Party and took part in the resistance movement. Called by the Hungarian government he moved back to Hungary in 1952. He assisted to the foundation of the Central Research Institute for Construction Materials of which he was the first director between 1953 and 1957. From 1960 until 1968 he was acting as founder director of the Research Institute of Technical Chemistry in Budapest.\nHis main research field was the technical chemistry of ceramic manufacture, chemical processing of ceramics. In 1928 he was the first to invent and construct an electric tunnel kiln, later on he worked out a new ceramics firing method (what he named 'sandwich firing'). In addition to this he also made extensive researches on thermal insulators and technology of glazed tile manufacture. During the late period of his career he put down the theoretical fundamentals of technical chemistry and successfully adapted mathematical models (e.g. graph theory) to describe chemical processes.\nHe was a corresponding (1956), then a full member (1958) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In Italy he was a popular writer under the name of Marcello Cora; he collaborated to prestigious review La Ronda and wrote novels such as Il figliuol prodigo (1933). He died in Budapest, Hungary.", "Q1416348": "The Norwegian Institute of Technology (Norwegian: Norges tekniske h\u00f8gskole, NTH) was a science institute in Trondheim, Norway. It was established in 1910, and existed as an independent technical university for 58 years, after which it was merged into the University of Trondheim as an independent college.In 1996 NTH ceased to exist as an organizational superstructure when the university was restructured and rebranded. The former NTH departments are now basic building blocks of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).\nNTH was primarily a polytechnic institute, educating master level engineers as well as architects. In 1992 NTH had 7627 master and doctoral students and 1591 employees; it graduated 1262 chartered engineers (master level), 52 chartered architects, and 92 Dr.Ing. (Ph.D.). The operating budget was equivalent to US$100M, and the total premises amounted to around 260,000 m2 (64 acres).\nSince the merger, it forms a part of the university campus commonly known as Gl\u00f8shaugen, from the geographical area in which it is situated.", "Q375855": "American Graffiti is a 1973 American coming-of-age comedy film directed and co-written by George Lucas starring Richard Dreyfuss, Ron Howard, Paul Le Mat, Harrison Ford, Charles Martin Smith, Cindy Williams, Candy Clark, Mackenzie Phillips, Bo Hopkins, and Wolfman Jack. Suzanne Somers, Kathleen Quinlan, Debralee Scott and Joe Spano also appear in the film.\nSet in Modesto, California, in 1962, the film is a study of the cruising and early rock 'n' roll cultures popular among Lucas's age group at the time. Through a series of vignettes, the film tells the story of a group of teenagers and their adventures over the course of a single night.\nThe genesis of American Graffiti was in Lucas' own teenage years in early 1960s Modesto. He was unsuccessful in pitching the concept to financiers and distributors, but found favor at Universal Pictures after every other major film studio turned him down. Filming was initially set to take place in San Rafael, California, but the production crew was denied permission to shoot beyond a second day. As a result, production was moved to Petaluma.\nAmerican Graffiti premiered on August 2, 1973, at the Locarno International Film Festival in Switzerland, and was released on August 11, 1973, in the United States. The film received widespread critical acclaim and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. Produced on a $777,000 budget, it has become one of the most profitable films of all time. Since its initial release, American Graffiti has garnered an estimated return of well over $200 million in box office gross and home video sales, not including merchandising. In 1995 the United States Library of Congress deemed the film \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry. A sequel, More American Graffiti, was released in 1979.", "Q435780": "Samuel Roy Hagar (born October 13, 1947), also known as The Red Rocker, is an American rock vocalist, songwriter, musician, and entrepreneur. Hagar came to prominence in the 1970s with the hard rock band Montrose. He then launched a successful solo career, scoring an enduring hit in 1984 with \"I Can't Drive 55\". He enjoyed commercial success when he replaced David Lee Roth as the lead singer of Van Halen in 1985, but left in 1996. He returned to the band for a two-year reunion from 2003 to 2005. On March 12, 2007, Hagar was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Van Halen. His musical style primarily consists of hard rock and heavy metal.Also a businessman, Hagar founded the Cabo Wabo Tequila brand and restaurant chain, as well as Sammy's Beach Bar Rum. His current musical projects include being the lead singer of Chickenfoot and The Circle. Hagar also is the host of Rock & Roll Road Trip with Sammy Hagar on Mark Cuban's cable network AXS TV.", "Q173250": "Andrea Lodovico de Adamich (born 3 October 1941) is a former racing driver from Italy. He participated in 34 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, making his d\u00e9but on 1 January 1968. He scored a total of six championship points. He also participated in numerous non-championship Formula One races.", "Q188784": "A superhero is a heroic stock character, typically possessing supernatural or superhuman powers, who is dedicated to fighting the evil of their universe, protecting the public, and battling super-villains. A female superhero is sometimes called a superheroine, although the word superhero is also commonly used for females. Superhero fiction is the genre of fiction that is centered on such characters, especially in American comic book and films since the 1930s.\nSome superheroes (for example Batman) derive their status from the technology they create and use, rather than from non-human or superhuman biology. While the Dictionary.com definition of \"superhero\" is \"a figure, especially in a comic strip or cartoon, endowed with superhuman powers and usually portrayed as fighting evil or crime\", the longstanding Merriam-Webster dictionary gives the definition as \"a fictional hero having extraordinary or superhuman powers; also: an exceptionally skillful or successful person.\" Terms such as masked crime fighters, costumed adventurers or masked vigilantes are sometimes used to refer to characters such as the Spirit, who may not be explicitly referred to as superheroes but nevertheless share similar traits.\nSome superheroes use their powers to help daily crime while also combating threats against humanity from supervillains, who are their criminal counterparts. Often at least one of these supervillains will be the superhero's archenemy. Some long-running superheroes and superheroines such as Superman, Spider-Man, Batman, Wonder Woman, the Hulk, Green Lantern, the Flash, Aquaman, Captain America, Thor, Wolverine, Iron Man, Fantastic Four and the X-Men have a rogues gallery of many villains.", "Q1371822": "Fran\u00e7ois-Henri Pinault (French: [pino]; born (1962-05-28)28 May 1962) is a French billionaire businessman, the chairman and CEO of Kering since 2005, and president of Groupe Art\u00e9mis since 2003. Under his leadership, Kering divested the retail industry and became a luxury goods group.", "Q79793": "Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by measles virus. Symptoms usually develop 10\u201312 days after exposure to an infected person and last 7\u201310 days. Initial symptoms typically include fever, often greater than 40 \u00b0C (104 \u00b0F), cough, runny nose, and inflamed eyes. Small white spots known as Koplik's spots may form inside the mouth two or three days after the start of symptoms. A red, flat rash which usually starts on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body typically begins three to five days after the start of symptoms. Common complications include diarrhea (in 8% of cases), middle ear infection (7%), and pneumonia (6%). These occur in part due to measles-induced immunosuppression. Less commonly seizures, blindness, or inflammation of the brain may occur. Other names include morbilli, rubeola, red measles, and English measles. Both rubella, also known as \"German measles\", and roseola are different diseases caused by unrelated viruses.Measles is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of infected people. It may also be spread through direct contact with mouth or nasal secretions. It is extremely contagious\u2013nine out of ten people who are not immune and share living space with an infected person will be infected. People are infectious to others from four days before to four days after the start of the rash. Most people do not get the disease more than once. Testing for the measles virus in suspected cases is important for public health efforts.The measles vaccine is effective at preventing the disease, is exceptionally safe, and is often delivered in combination with other vaccines. Vaccination resulted in an 80% decrease in deaths from measles between 2000 and 2017, with about 85% of children worldwide having received their first dose as of 2017. Once a person has become infected, no specific treatment is available, although supportive care may improve outcomes. Such care may include oral rehydration solution (slightly sweet and salty fluids), healthy food, and medications to control the fever. Antibiotics should be prescribed if secondary bacterial infections such as ear infections or pneumonia occur. Vitamin A supplementation is also recommended for children.Measles affects about 20 million people a year, primarily in the developing areas of Africa and Asia. While often regarded as a childhood illness, it can affect people of any age. It is one of the leading vaccine-preventable disease causes of death. In 1980, 2.6 million people died of it, and in 1990, 545,000 died; by 2014, global vaccination programs had reduced the number of deaths from measles to 73,000. Despite these trends, rates of disease and deaths increased from 2017 to 2019 due to a decrease in immunization. The risk of death among those infected is about 0.2%, but may be up to 10% in people with malnutrition. Most of those who die from the infection are less than five years old. Measles is not known to occur in other animals.", "Q2411177": "Andr\u00e9 Leysen (11 June 1927 \u2013 11 July 2015) was a Belgian businessman. In 1951, he married Anne Ahlers, daughter of a shipping family from Bremen, Germany. Together they have four children: Bettina, Christian, Thomas, and Sabina.", "Q313508": "George Christopher Vance (born 30 December 1971) is an English actor who is known for his television roles as Jack Gallagher in the Fox series Mental (2009), and James Whistler in Prison Break (2007\u20132008). He played Frank Martin (in TNT's Transporter: The Series) and has recurred on Burn Notice (as Mason Gilroy), Dexter, the love interest of Angie Harmon's character on Rizzoli & Isles, Non on the CBS show Supergirl, and as Commander Harry Langford on Hawaii Five-0. He is currently filming a recurring role on Bosch for Amazon.\n\n", "Q964620": "Donat Roy Mittoo (3 March 1948 \u2013 16 December 1990), better known as Jackie Mittoo, was a Jamaican-Canadian keyboardist, songwriter and musical director. He was a member of The Skatalites and musical director of the Studio One record label.Upon hearing of Mittoo's death, Coxsone Dodd commented \"He was an ambassador of our music worldwide... there can be no doubt. Read the legacy this young man has left behind. May his name be remembered and his music live on.\"", "Q519518": "Jennifer Koh is an American violinist, born to Korean parents in Glen Ellyn, Illinois.Jennifer Koh earned a B.A. in English Literature from Oberlin College, as well as a Performance Diploma from the attached Oberlin Conservatory. She is also a graduate of the Curtis Institute and was the top medalist in the 1994 Tchaikovsky Competition. That year she also won a scholarship from the Concert Artists Guild. She received an Avery Fisher Career Grant in 1995.Ms. Koh has performed extensively with such orchestras as the Los Angeles Philharmonic, New York Philharmonic, Czech Philharmonic, BBC National Orchestra of Wales, Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, Saint Louis Symphony, and Cleveland Orchestra and is an advocate of music education for children.\nShe is lauded for her programs of Bach. She performed and recorded a series \"Bach and Beyond\" which has received high critical praise. She frequently premieres and records contemporary music of composers like Kaija Saariaho, John Zorn, and Esa-Pekka Salonen.In 2012, Koh was a featured performer in the revival of the Philip Glass/Robert Wilson opera Einstein on the Beach, portraying the role of Einstein.", "Q304074": "In the Name of the Father is a 1993 biographical courtroom drama film co-written and directed by Jim Sheridan. It is based on the true story of the Guildford Four, four people falsely convicted of the 1974 Guildford pub bombings, which killed four off-duty British soldiers and a civilian. The screenplay was adapted by Terry George and Jim Sheridan from the autobiography Proved Innocent: The Story of Gerry Conlon of the Guildford Four by Gerry Conlon.The film was positively received by critics, and received seven Academy Award nominations, including Best Actor in a Leading Role (Daniel Day-Lewis), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Pete Postlethwaite), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Emma Thompson), Best Director, and Best Picture.", "Q192904": "Hav\u00ed\u0159ov (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0266avi\u02d0r\u031dof] (listen); Polish: Hawierz\u00f3w, Cieszyn Silesian: Hawiyrz\u00f3w) is a city in the Karvin\u00e1 District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has almost 72,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the region. Hav\u00ed\u0159ov lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.\nHav\u00ed\u0159ov was founded after World War II (thus being the youngest city in today's Czech Republic) as a coal mining town. Hav\u00ed\u0159ov officially became a town in 1955. It was built on top of several villages with significant Polish populations. The local people were given apartments in the newly built city, and most of their old houses were demolished to make room for new urban buildings. The majority of the population of Hav\u00ed\u0159ov emigrated from other parts of Czechoslovakia, many of them from Slovakia, as migrant workers, thus substantially altering the ethnic structure of the area. Today, the original villages are administratively part of the city and mostly lie on the outskirts of urban Hav\u00ed\u0159ov.", "Q1046788": "An eroge (\u30a8\u30ed\u30b2 or \u30a8\u30ed\u30b2\u30fc, erog\u0113; pronounced [e\u027eo\u0261e]; a portmanteau of erotic game \u30a8\u30ed\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0, erochikku g\u0113mu) is a Japanese genre of erotic video game.", "Q214515": "Lisa Fittko (born Elizabeth Eckstein, Hungarian: Eckstein (Ekstein) Erzs\u00e9bet; 1909 \u2013 March 12, 2005) helped many escape from Nazi-occupied France during World War II. The author of two memoirs about wartime Europe, Fittko is also known for her assisting German philosopher and critic Walter Benjamin in getting out of France to escape the Nazis in 1940.", "Q2546985": "Sir Yue-Kong Pao CBE JP (Chinese: \u5305\u7389\u525b; pinyin: B\u0101o Y\u00f9g\u0101ng; 10 November 1918 \u2014 23 September 1991), was the founder of Hong Kong's Worldwide Shipping Group which in the 20 years from purchasing its first second-hand ship in 1955 became by far the largest shipping company in the world with over 20 million tonnes deadweight (DWT). Anticipating the seriousness of the shipping downturn starting in the late 1970s he drastically reduced his fleet and was able to pay off associated debt and raise cash to diversify his interests notably through the purchase of a controlling stake in The Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company Limited (now known as Wharf (Holdings)) and later Wheelock Marden giving an exposure to Hong Kong real estate, shipping terminals, retail, ferries and trams. He was noted for his unmatched access to leaders in both the commercial and political arenas and was equally at ease with Western political leaders and the Chinese leadership in the run up to Hong Kong's ceasing to be a British colony in 1997 (for example Margaret Thatcher wrote the foreword to his biography published in 1990 and he was appointed a Vice-Chairman of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee planning Hong Kong's constitution after 1997). He was also a generous philanthropist notably in educational projects (helping set up universities, libraries and scholarship schemes). He died in 1991 but his corporate legacy continues to be controlled and run by his family.", "Q451212": "At the Well in Front of the Gate (German: Am Brunnen vor dem Tore) is a 1952 West German romance film directed by Hans Wolff and starring Sonja Ziemann, Hans St\u00fcwe and Paul Klinger.", "Q298249": "Anna Nagata (\u6c38\u7530 \u674f\u5948, Nagata Anna, born 29 March 1982) is a Japanese actress best known for her performances in One Missed Call and Battle Royale.", "Q552069": "Apocalyptica is a Finnish symphonic metal band from Helsinki, Finland, formed in 1993. The band is composed of classically trained cellists Eicca Toppinen, Paavo L\u00f6tj\u00f6nen, and Perttu Kivilaakso (all three of whom are graduates of the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki), and drummer Mikko Sir\u00e9n. Originally a Metallica classical tribute band, the band eventually adopted a neoclassical metal style without the use of conventional guitars. They have sold over four million albums to date.", "Q128532": "Al Jolson (born Asa Yoelson; 9 June [O.S. 28 May] 1886 \u2013 October 23, 1950) was a Lithuanian-American singer of Lithuanian descent, comedian, and actor. He was dubbed \"The World's Greatest Entertainer\" at the peak of his career. His performing style was brash and extroverted, and he popularized many songs that benefited from his \"shamelessly sentimental, melodramatic approach.\" In the 1920s, Jolson was America's most famous and highest-paid entertainer.Although best remembered today as the star of the first talking picture, The Jazz Singer (1927), he starred in a series of successful musical films during the 1930s. After the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, he was the first star to entertain troops overseas during World War II. After a period of inactivity, his stardom returned with The Jolson Story (1946), for which Larry Parks played Jolson, with the singer dubbing for Parks. The formula was repeated in a sequel, Jolson Sings Again (1949). In 1950, he again became the first star to entertain GIs on active service in the Korean War, performing 42 shows in 16 days. He died weeks after returning to the U.S., partly owing to the physical exertion of performing. Defense Secretary George Marshall posthumously awarded him the Medal for Merit.According to music historian Larry Stempel, \"No one had heard anything quite like it before on Broadway.\" Author Stephen Banfield wrote that Jolson's style was \"arguably the single most important factor in defining the modern musical\".Jolson has been dubbed \"the king of blackface\" performers, a theatrical convention since the mid-19th century. With his dynamic style of singing jazz and blues, he became widely successful by extracting traditionally African-American music and popularizing it for white American audiences who were otherwise not receptive to the originators. Despite his promotion and perpetuation of black stereotypes, his work was often well-regarded by black publications and he has been credited for fighting against black discrimination on Broadway as early as 1911. In an essay written in 2000, music critic Ted Gioia remarked, \"If blackface has its shameful poster boy, it is Al Jolson\", showcasing Jolson's complex legacy in American society.", "Q439804": "Jill Flint (born November 25, 1977) is an American television and film actress, best known for her role of Jill Casey in the USA Network TV series Royal Pains, and as the popular character Lana Delaney on CBS' award-winning series The Good Wife. She also plays one of the lead characters, Dr. Jordan Alexander, in the NBC medical drama The Night Shift, and a recurring role on Bull, a jury consulting firm as Diana Lindsay.", "Q87459": "Yvonne Maria Sch\u00e4fer (born September 28, 1975), is a German actress, model and producer.", "Q930517": "Simon Marcus Taylor (born 17 August 1979 in Stirling) is a Scottish retired professional rugby union footballer who played for Bath Rugby, Stade Fran\u00e7ais and Edinburgh Rugby. He played as a back-row forward, usually a number eight. He played for Edinburgh for six seasons between 2000 and 2006 and in 2007 agreed a three-year deal with Stade Fran\u00e7ais joining them immediately after the 2007 World Cup. In the summer of 2010, Taylor signed for Bath Rugby in the English Aviva Premiership. He also represented Scotland and the British and Irish Lions. At the start of his rugby career, he played for Heriot's Former Pupils.", "Q573919": "Anthony Rooley (born 10 June 1944 in Leeds) is a British lutenist. He founded in 1969 and directs the early music ensemble The Consort of Musicke, which continues to be one of the chief vehicles for his inspiration, among many other activities and interests. He has recorded extensively and continues to perform solo and duo repertoire with sopranos Evelyn Tubb and former partner Emma Kirkby.\nAnthony was appointed York Early Music Festival vice president in 2008. He continues regular work as a visiting professor at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis, where he is director of AVES - Advanced Vocal Ensemble Studies. Most recently he has been appointed a visiting professor at the Orpheus Institute, Ghent, under the heading \"Developing a Practical Philosophy of Performance.\" In 2003, 2005 and 2007 he undertook four-month residencies at Florida State University, holding graduate seminars and directing productions. In 2003 this included a fully staged version of Semele by John Eccles; in 2005 a \u2018first\u2019 Conference on John Eccles; 2007 focused on The Passions of William Hayes.\nWriting and research are of great importance, to develop and extend the repertoire; plans for the future include more time for writing. Recently, Anthony has turned to the 18th and 19th centuries, as part of his continuing project to search out the best of forgotten English music. In 2004 he directed performances, live and on CD, of the madrigals and part-songs of Robert Lucas Pearsall, and in 2005 The Passions by Handel\u2019s contemporary and champion, William Hayes, which was revived for the Weimar Festival in 2006.\nHe is the author of Performance: revealing the Orpheus within.", "Q44412": "Hans Christian \u00d8rsted ( UR-sted, Danish: [\u02c8h\u00e6n\u02c0s \u02c8k\u02b0\u0281estj\u00e6n \u02c8\u0276\u0250\u032fste\u00f0]; often rendered Oersted in English; 14 August 1777 \u2013 9 March 1851) was a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism. Oersted's law and the oersted (Oe) are named after him.\nA leader of the Danish Golden Age, \u00d8rsted was a close friend of Hans Christian Andersen and the brother of politician and jurist Anders Sand\u00f8e \u00d8rsted, who served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 1853 to 1854.", "Q331971": "Abschied von den Wolken (English: Farewell to the Clouds) is a 1959 German aviation adventure film directed by Gottfried Reinhardt, written by Georg Hurdalek, based on a story by Ladislas Fodor. The film stars O. W. Fischer, Peter van Eyck, Sonja Ziemann, Horst Frank, Linda Christian and Paul Dahlke. \nAbschied von den Wolken was an example of the disaster film, coming soon after the international success of William Wellman's The High and Mighty (1954) where individual stories of passengers and crew were central to the dilemma of an aircraft in trouble. In the film, film historian Bertil Skogsberg described the scenario aboard an airliner: \"The passengers are of various nationalities and dispositions: a revolutionary general fleeing his country with most of its cash, an old Nazi, and a Dutch adventurer, to name only a few. There is also a beautiful stewardess (Sonja Ziemann).\"\nWhen marketed in the United States, the film was renamed Rebel Flight to Cuba", "Q255549": "Esther Daphna \"Esti\" Ginzburg-Keizman (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e1\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d2\u05d9\u05e0\u05d6\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d2\u200e; born 6 March 1990), is an Israeli fashion model. She has modeled in international campaigns for brands like Tommy Hilfiger, Burberry, FCUK, Pull and Bear, and Castro. She was also featured in the 2009, 2010, and 2011 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue. According to Forbes Israel, she was among the top ten highest paid models in Israel, alongside top Israeli models such as Shlomit Malka, Gal Gadot, and Bar Refaeli.", "Q377924": "Neapolitan Turk (Italian: Un turco napoletano) is a 1953 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Mattoli and starring Tot\u00f2.", "Q428909": "Face to Face (1952) is an anthology film adapted from the stories \"The Secret Sharer\" by Joseph Conrad and \"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky\" by Stephen Crane. The film was produced by A&P heir Huntington Hartford and released by RKO Radio Pictures.", "Q713099": "Dwight David Yoakam (born October 23, 1956) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor, known for his pioneering style of country music. First becoming popular in the mid-1980s, Yoakam has recorded more than twenty albums and compilations, charted more than thirty singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, and sold more than 25 million records. He has recorded five Billboard #1 albums, twelve gold albums, and nine platinum albums, including the triple-platinum This Time.\nIn addition to his many achievements in the performing arts, he is also the most frequent musical guest in the history of The Tonight Show.", "Q822661": "Jorge Enrique Gal\u00e1n is an Argentinian-American microbiologist who won the 2011 Robert Koch Prize. His research concerned bacterial pathogenesis. He is the Lucille P. Markey Professor of Microbial Pathogenesis at Yale University.", "Q167543": "Husni al-Za'im (11 May 1897 \u2013 14 August 1949; Arabic: \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u200e \u1e24usn\u012b az-Za\u2019\u012bm) was a Syrian military officer and politician. Husni al-Za'im, had been an officer in the Ottoman Army. After France instituted its colonial mandate over Syria after the First World War, he became an officer in the French Army. After Syria's independence in 1946 he was made Chief of Staff, and was ordered to lead the Syrian Army into war with the Israeli Army in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The defeat of the Arab league forces in that war shook Syria and undermined confidence in the country's chaotic parliamentary democracy, allowing him to seize power in 1949. However, his reign as head of state would be brief: he was executed within a few months.", "Q42063": "Xuanzang [\u0255\u0265\u025b\u030cn.ts\u00e2\u014b] (Chinese: \u7384\u5958; fl. c. 602 \u2013 664) was a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who travelled to India in the seventh century and described the interaction between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism during the early Tang dynasty.During the journey he visited many sacred Buddhist sites in what are now Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. He was born in what is now Henan province around 602, from boyhood he took to reading religious books, including the Chinese classics and the writings of ancient sages.\nWhile residing in the city of Luoyang (in Henan in Central China), Xuanzang was ordained as a \u015br\u0101ma\u1e47era (novice monk) at the age of thirteen. Due to the political and social unrest caused by the fall of the Sui dynasty, he went to Chengdu in Sichuan, where he was ordained as a bhik\u1e63u (full monk) at the age of twenty. He later travelled throughout China in search of sacred books of Buddhism. At length, he came to Chang'an, then under the peaceful rule of Emperor Taizong of Tang, where Xuanzang developed the desire to visit India. He knew about Faxian's visit to India and, like him, was concerned about the incomplete and misinterpreted nature of the Buddhist texts that had reached China.He became famous for his seventeen-year overland journey to India (including Nalanda), which is recorded in detail in the classic Chinese text Great Tang Records on the Western Regions, which in turn provided the inspiration for the novel Journey to the West written by Wu Cheng'en during the Ming dynasty, around nine centuries after Xuanzang's death.", "Q310767": "Lazare Nicolas Marguerite, Count Carnot (13 May 1753 \u2013 2 August 1823) was a French mathematician, physicist and politician. He was known as the Organizer of Victory in the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars.", "Q515444": "Jonathan Jeremiah is a British singer-songwriter from North London. He has released four studio albums.", "Q1735529": "John Africa (July 26, 1931 \u2013 May 13, 1985), born Vincent Leaphart, was the founder of MOVE, a Philadelphia-based, self-proclaimed predominantly black organization active from the early 1970s and still active. He was killed during an armed standoff in 1985 with the Philadelphia Police Department.", "Q56016": "Katharine Houghton Hepburn (May 12, 1907 \u2013 June 29, 2003) was an American actress who was a leading lady in Hollywood for more than 60 years. She appeared in a range of genres, from screwball comedy to literary drama, and she received a record (for any gender) four Academy Awards for Lead Acting Performances, plus eight further nominations. In 1999, Hepburn was named by the American Film Institute the greatest female star of Classic Hollywood Cinema. She was known for her fierce independence and spirited personality.\nRaised in Connecticut by wealthy, progressive parents, Hepburn began to act while studying at Bryn Mawr College. Favorable reviews of her work on Broadway brought her to the attention of Hollywood. Her early years in film were marked with success, including an Academy Award for Best Actress for her third picture, Morning Glory (1933), but this was followed by a series of commercial failures culminating in the critically lauded but commercially unsuccessful comedy Bringing Up Baby (1938), a pairing with Cary Grant. Hepburn masterminded her own comeback, buying out her contract with RKO Radio Pictures and acquiring the film rights to The Philadelphia Story, which she sold on the condition that she be the star. That comedy film, again co-starring Cary Grant, was a box office success and landed her a third Academy Award nomination, plus won her other co-star, James Stewart, his only Academy Award. Both movies are now considered among the greatest comedy films.\nIn the 1940s, she began focusing on a screen and romantic partnership with Spencer Tracy, which spanned 26 years and nine movies, although the romance with the married Tracy was hidden from the public. The partnership began with Woman of the Year (1942), continued with Adam's Rib (1949), both being \"battle of the sexes\" romantic comedies, and concluded with the race-issue drama Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), also starring Sidney Poitier; Tracy died shortly after the movie's filming.\nHepburn challenged herself in the latter half of her life, as she tackled Shakespearean stage productions and a range of literary roles. She found a niche playing middle-aged spinsters, such as in The African Queen (1951), which landed her another Academy Award nomination and co-star Humphrey Bogart his sole Academy Award. Suddenly, Last Summer (1959) was another commercial and critical success and landed her another Oscar nomination. Hepburn earned three more Oscars for her work in Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), The Lion in Winter (1968), and On Golden Pond (1981), co-starring Henry Fonda, who won his only Academy Award for the movie. In the 1970s, she began appearing in television films, which later became the focus of her career. She made her final screen appearance at the age of 87. After a period of inactivity and ill health, Hepburn died in 2003 at the age of 96.\nHepburn famously shunned the Hollywood publicity machine, and refused to conform to society's expectations of women. She was outspoken, assertive, and athletic, and wore trousers before they were fashionable for women. She was briefly married as a young woman, but thereafter lived independently. With her unconventional lifestyle and the independent characters she brought to the screen, Hepburn epitomized the \"modern woman\" in the 20th-century United States, and is remembered as an important cultural figure.", "Q922113": "Iv\u00e1n Manuel Garc\u00eda de la Noceda Joy (born December 3, 1975 in San Juan, Puerto Rico), known artistically as Ivan Joy, is the musical producer in the Latin American urban genre. In 2000 he established his label \"Diamond Music\", which is already 16 years in the process of distribution and creation of music products.\nThe most famous productions of Diamond Music are \"Kilates\" (by Various artists), \"The Majestic\" (by Various artists), \"Sonando Diferente\" (by Yaga & Mackie) etc., which made this label very famous on the Latin music market.", "Q672301": "Oskar Kallas (25 October [O.S. 13 October] 1868 in Kirikuk\u00fcla, Saaremaa \u2013 26 January 1946 in Stockholm) was an Estonian diplomat, linguist and folklorist. He was the husband of the Finnish writer Aino Kallas.", "Q861994": "William Toliver Carlisle (December 19, 1908 \u2013 March 17, 2003), better known as Bill Carlisle and Jumpin' Bill Carlisle, was an American country music singer, songwriter, comedian, and guitarist popular in the late 1940s and 1950s but who influenced the genre for more than 50 years. He is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame.", "Q123301": "Jakob Ackeret, FRAeS (17 March 1898 \u2013 27 March 1981) was a Swiss aeronautical engineer. He is widely viewed as one of the foremost aeronautics experts of 20th century.\n\n", "Q962537": "\u00c9va F\u00f6ldes (6 July 1914 \u2013 9 July 1981) was a Hungarian author and Olympic bronze medalist. She was born in Szombathely and died in Balatonalm\u00e1di.\nDuring the London 1948 Summer Olympics, she competed in the 'epic works' category producing \"Der Jugendquell\" (\"The Well of Youth\"), which won her a bronze medal.During World War II, she was interned in KZ Ravensbr\u00fcck, KZ Flossenb\u00fcrg, and KZ Mauthausen but survived.", "Q238941": "Moya Brennan (born M\u00e1ire N\u00ed Bhraon\u00e1in; Irish pronunciation: [m\u02e0a\u02d0r\u02b2\u0259 n\u02b2i\u02d0 v\u027e\u02e0i\u02d0n\u032a\u02e0a\u02d0n]), also known as M\u00e1ire Brennan, is an Irish folk singer, songwriter, harpist, and philanthropist. She is the older sister of P\u00f3l Brennan, Enya, and Br\u00edd\u00edn Brennan. She began performing professionally in 1970 when her family formed the band Clannad, and is considered as the \"First Lady of Celtic Music\". Moya released her first solo album in 1992 called M\u00e1ire, a successful venture. She has been nominated for two Grammys and has won an Emmy Award. She has recorded music for several soundtracks, including Titanic, To End All Wars and King Arthur.", "Q3301202": "Maurice Paul Nivat (21 December 1937 \u2013 21 September 2017) was a French computer scientist. His research in computer science spanned the areas of formal languages, programming language semantics, and discrete geometry. A 2006 citation for an honorary doctorate (Ph.D.) called Nivat one of the fathers of theoretical computer science. He was a Professor at the University Paris Diderot until 2001.\n\n", "Q729311": "Andrzej Bursa (21 March 1932 \u2013 15 November 1957) was a Polish poet and writer.\nBorn in Krak\u00f3w, he studied journalism, then Bulgarian at Jagiellonian University in Krak\u00f3w. In 1954\u20131957 Bursa worked as a journalist and reporter for the Krak\u00f3w newspaper Dziennik Polski. Many of his contemporaries attributed his early death at the age of 25 to suicide, while the true cause of it was a congenital heart disease. He was buried at the Rakowicki Cemetery.\nBursa published his first poem in 1954. A prolific writer, he published 37 poems and a short story in different magazines during his lifetime. He died of a heart attack in 1957. Shortly thereafter, his first poetry collection was published, an important event in Polish poetry. Presently, there is a poetry prize named after Bursa which many living Polish poets have won (e.g. Ewa Lipska and Stanis\u0142aw Bara\u0144czak).\n\n", "Q84150": "Hermann Broch (German: [b\u0281\u0254x]; November 1, 1886 \u2013 May 30, 1951) was a 20th-century Austrian writer, considered one of the major Modernists.", "Q57308": "Abdelaziz Bouteflika (pronunciation ; Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0629\u200e, romanized: \u02bfAbd al-\u02bfAz\u012bz B\u016btafl\u012bqa [\u0295abd l\u0295zi\u02d0z bu\u02d0tfli\u02d0qa]; born 2 March 1937) is an Algerian politician who served as President of Algeria for 20 years, from 1999 to his resignation in 2019.\nAs President, he presided over the end of the bloody Algerian Civil War in 2002 when he took over the project of Liamine Z\u00e9roual (previous president), and he ended emergency rule in February 2011 amidst regional unrest. Prior to becoming president, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1963 until 1979 and as President of the United Nations General Assembly for a 1-year term from 1974.\nBouteflika resigned on 2 April 2019 after months of mass protests. With nearly 20 years in power, he was the longest-serving head of state of Algeria.\n\n", "Q284106": "Kri\u0161j\u0101nis Barons (October 31, 1835 in Strutele, Jaunpils parish, Latvia \u2013 March 8, 1923 in Riga) is known as the \"father of the dainas\" (Latvian: \"Dainu t\u0113vs\") thanks largely to his systematization of the Latvian folk songs and his labour in preparing their texts for publication in Latvju dainas. His portrait appeared on the 100-lat banknote prior to the Lat being replaced by the Euro in 2014, his being the only human face of an actual person on modern Latvian currency. Barons was very prominent among the Young Latvians, and also an important writer and editor.", "Q133112": "Lucille Frances Lawless, (n\u00e9e Ryan; born 29 March 1968), is a New Zealand actress and singer. She portrayed the title character in television series Xena: Warrior Princess (1995\u20132001); cylon model Number Three D'Anna Biers on the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica series (2005\u20132009); and Lucretia in the television series Spartacus: Blood and Sand (2010), its prequel Spartacus: Gods of the Arena (2011), and its sequel Spartacus: Vengeance (2012).\nLawless had recurring roles as Diane Lewis-Swanson on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation (2012\u20132015), and as Countess Palatine Ingrid Von Marburg on the WGN America supernatural series Salem (2015). She also starred as Ruby on the Starz horror-comedy series Ash vs Evil Dead (2015\u20132018).", "Q208882": "Stephen Thadius Crompton Gibb (born 1 December 1973) is an English musician and the first-born son of Barry Gibb and Linda Gibb. As a musician, he has been a member of numerous hard rock and metal bands including 58, Black Label Society, Crowbar, Kingdom of Sorrow, The Underbellys, SkilletHead, Saigon Kick and currently playing guitar as part of Barry Gibb's band.", "Q433497": "Marta Abba (25 June 1900 in Milan, Italy \u2013 24 June 1988 in Milan) was an Italian actress.", "Q132218": "Rudolph Gabriel Tenerowicz (June 14, 1890 \u2013 August 31, 1963) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.", "Q4708704": "Sir Alastair MacTavish Dunnett (26 December 1908 \u2013 2 September 1998) was a Scottish journalist and newspaper editor. He edited The Daily Record newspaper for nine years and The Scotsman newspaper from 1956 to 1972. In 1975 he became chairman of Thomson Scottish Petroleum and was much involved in the establishment of the oil terminal at Flotta in Orkney. From the 1950s to the 1980s he was involved in many Scottish cultural activities including being governor of the Pitlochry Festival Theatre (1958\u20131984). He was awarded an honorary degree of LLD by the University of Strathclyde in 1978 and was knighted on 4 July 1995.He published a book of short stories (Heard tell, 1947), a description of a kayaking voyage round the coast of Scotland (Quest by canoe, 1950, republished in 1969 as It's too late in the year and in 1996 as The canoe boys), several books on Scottish topics and an autobiography (Among friends, 1984).\nDunnett married Dorothy Halliday on 17 September 1946; as Dorothy Dunnett she was a celebrated artist and historical novelist, author of the Lymond Chronicles and The House of Niccolo. They had two sons, Ninian and Mungo.", "Q92726": "Joe Celko is an American relational database expert from Austin, Texas. He has participated on the ANSI X3H2 Database Standards Committee, and helped write the SQL-89 and SQL-92 standards. He is the author of a Morgan-Kaufmann series of books on SQL, and over 1200 published articles on SQL and other database topics. He had been a full-time statistician for several years.He is credited with coining the term lasagna code and popularizing Michael J. Kamfonas' nested set model for trees in SQL, a taxonomy of data encoding schemes, and several other design patterns in SQL DDL and DML.", "Q2080499": "Vanessa K. Selbst (born July 9, 1984) works for Bridgewater Associates investment management firm and is a successful poker player, the only woman to ever reach the number one ranking in the world on the Global Poker Index. She has over US$11.8 million in live poker tournament earnings and is a member of Team Pokerstars Pro, where she plays under the username \"V. Selbst\".Selbst has three World Series of Poker bracelets and is the first and only female to win three WSOP bracelets in open field events. She is also the only poker player to win the same North American Poker Tour Main Event back-to-back. In January 2013 Selbst won the PCA high roller for $1.4 million, which made her the highest-earning female in poker history.Selbst was born in Brooklyn, New York, into a Jewish family. She attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for a year before transferring to Yale University, where she graduated with a degree in political science. After Yale, on a Fulbright scholarship, she spent a year in Spain. On her return to the United States, she worked for consulting firm McKinsey & Company. She later returned to Yale Law School and received her J.D. degree in 2012. During her time at Yale University, she was head of the Yale Queer-Straight Alliance. Selbst was a coach and executive producer for DeucesCracked, an online poker training site. \n\n", "Q352540": "Michael Carmen Pitt (born April 10, 1981) is an American actor, model, and musician. Pitt is known in film for his roles in Murder by Numbers (2002), Bernardo Bertolucci's The Dreamers (2003), Gus Van Sant's Last Days (2005), Michael Haneke's Funny Games (2007) and M. Night Shyamalan's The Village (2004), and in television for his roles as Henry Parker in the teen drama Dawson's Creek, Jimmy Darmody in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire and Mason Verger in the NBC series Hannibal. He has also appeared in the films Hedwig and the Angry Inch (2001), Bully (2001), Silk (2007), Seven Psychopaths (2012), I Origins (2014), and Ghost in the Shell (2017).", "Q17738": "Star Wars (retroactively titled Star Wars: Episode IV \u2013 A New Hope) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas, produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by 20th Century-Fox. It stars Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker and Peter Mayhew. It is the first installment of the original Star Wars trilogy, the first of the franchise to be produced, and the fourth episode of the \"Skywalker saga\".\nLucas had the idea for a science-fiction film in the vein of Flash Gordon around the time he completed his first film, THX 1138 (1971), and began working on a treatment after the release of American Graffiti (1973). Star Wars focuses on the journey of Luke Skywalker (Hamill), who along with Han Solo (Ford) and the wizened Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi (Guinness), attempt to free Rebellion leader Princess Leia (Fisher) from the clutches of the Galactic Empire and the Sith lord Darth Vader (Prowse, voiced by Jones). The heroes, in league with the Rebel Alliance, attempt to destroy the Empire's planet-destroying space station, the Death Star.\nStar Wars was released in a limited number of theaters in the United States on May 25, 1977, and quickly became a blockbuster hit, leading to it being expanded to a much wider release. The film opened to critical acclaim, most notably for its groundbreaking visual effects. It grossed a total of $775 million, surpassing Jaws (1975) to become the highest-grossing film at the time until the release of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982). When adjusted for inflation, Star Wars is the second-highest-grossing film in North America (behind Gone with the Wind) and the fourth-highest-grossing film in the world. It received ten Oscar nominations (including Best Picture), winning seven. In 1989, it became one of the first films to be selected as part of the U.S. Library of Congress's National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" At the time, it was the most recent film in the registry and the only one chosen from the 1970s. In 2004, its soundtrack was added to the U.S. National Recording Registry. Today, it is regarded as one of the most important films in the history of motion pictures.\nThe film has been reissued multiple times with Lucas's support\u2014most significantly with its 20th-anniversary theatrical \"Special Edition\"\u2014incorporating many changes including modified computer-generated effects, altered dialogue, re-edited shots, remixed soundtracks and added scenes. The film became a \"pop-cultural phenomenon\" and launched an industry of tie-in products, including novels, comics, video games, amusement park attractions, and merchandise including toys, games, clothing and many other spin-off works.\nThe film's success led to two critically and commercially successful sequels, The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Return of the Jedi (1983), and later to a prequel trilogy, a sequel trilogy, two anthology films and various spin-off TV series.", "Q49122": "Harvard Law School (HLS) is the law school of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest continuously operating law school in the United States and one of the most prestigious in the world.Each class in the three-year JD program has approximately 560 students, among the largest of the top 150 ranked law schools in the United States. The first-year class is broken into seven sections of approximately 80 students, who take most first-year classes together. Harvard's uniquely large class size and prestige have led the law school to graduate a great many distinguished alumni in the judiciary, government, and the business world.\nAccording to Harvard Law's 2015 ABA-required disclosures, 95% of the Class of 2014 passed the Bar exam. Harvard Law School graduates accounted for more than one-quarter of all Supreme Court clerkships between 2000 and 2010, more than any other law school in the United States.Harvard Law School's founding is traditionally linked to the funding of Harvard's first professorship in law, paid for from a bequest from the estate of Isaac Royall Jr., a colonial American landowner and a slaveholder. Today, HLS is home to the largest academic law library in the world as well as 391 faculty members.", "Q256054": "Lajos B\u00edr\u00f3 (IPA: [\u02c8l\u0252jo\u0292 \u02c8bi\u02d0ro\u02d0]; born Lajos Blau; 22 August 1880 \u2013 9 September 1948) was a Hungarian novelist, playwright, and screenwriter who wrote many films from the early 1920s through the late 1940s. He was born in Nagyv\u00e1rad, Austria-Hungary (now Oradea, Romania) and eventually moved to the United Kingdom where he worked as a scenario chief for London Film Productions run by Alexander Korda, collaborating on many screenplays with Arthur Wimperis. He died in London on 9 September 1948 of a heart attack. He is buried in the northern section of Hampstead Cemetery in north London.\nIn 1929, he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Writing for The Last Command, but lost to Ben Hecht for Underworld, the only other nomination in this category\n.", "Q3118": "Oryol or Orel (Russian: \u041e\u0440\u0451\u043b, IPA: [\u0250\u02c8r\u02b2\u0275l], lit. eagle) is a city and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast, Russia. It is part of the Central Federal District, as well as the Central economic region.\nLocated on the Oka River, approximately 368 kilometers (229 mi) south-southwest of Moscow.\nPopulation: 315,308 (est.2018); 317,747\u2009(2010 Census); 333,310\u2009(2002 Census); 336,862\u2009(1989 Census).Oryol is the City of the first salute and the City of Military Glory.\n\n", "Q238955": "Isidora Dolores Ib\u00e1rruri G\u00f3mez (9 December 1895 \u2013 12 November 1989) \u2013 known as \"La Pasionaria\" (English: \"the Passionflower\") \u2013 was a Spanish Republican fighter of the Spanish Civil War of 1936\u20131939 and a communist politician of Basque origin, known for her famous slogan \u00a1No Pasar\u00e1n! (\"They shall not pass\") issued during the Battle for Madrid in November 1936.\nShe joined the Spanish Communist Party (Spanish: Partido Comunista Espa\u00f1ol) when it was founded in 1920. In the 1930s she became a writer for the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) publication Mundo Obrero and in February 1936 was elected to the Cortes Generales as a PCE deputy for Asturias. Going into exile from Spain towards the end of the Civil War in 1939, she became General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Spain, a position she held from 1944 to 1960. The Party then named her honorary president of the PCE, a post she held for the rest of her life. Upon her return to Spain in 1977 she was re-elected as a deputy to the Cortes for the same region she had represented from 1936 to 1939 under the Spanish Second Republic.", "Q3492143": "Puss in Boots: The Three Diablos is a 2012 American computer-animated short adventure \ncomedy film, and a sequel to Puss in Boots. It was directed by Raman Hui and features Antonio Banderas as the voice of the title character. The short was released on February 24, 2012, attached as a bonus feature to the Puss in Boots DVD and Blu-ray (3D) release. The short tells a story of Puss in Boots on a mission to recover a princess' stolen ruby from the notorious French thief the Whisperer. Reluctantly accompanied by three cute little kittens called the Three Diablos, Puss must tame them before they endanger the mission.", "Q380406": "Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Ortoli (16 February 1925 \u2013 30 November 2007) was a French politician who served as the 5th President of the European Commission from 1973 to 1977. He served as Minister of the Economy of France from 1968 to 1969.\nOrtoli served with the Free French Forces during World War II and was decorated with the Croix de guerre, M\u00e9daille militaire and M\u00e9daille de la R\u00e9sistance. He served in various ministerial capacities in the 1968\u20131969 administration of Prime Minister of France Maurice Couve de Murville including Finance Minister. Ortoli was one of the two French European Commissioners from 1973 to 1985 holding various portfolios, serving as the fifth President of the European Commission between 1973 and 1977 leading the Ortoli Commission. He was later director of Marceau Investissements and President of Total. Ortoli was also the grandfather of Antoine-Xavier Troesch, a formerly eminent investment banker. Together with \u00c9tienne Davignon he attended the founding meeting of the European Round Table of Industrialists in Paris in 1983.", "Q250425": "Crystal Lynn Bernard (born September 30, 1961) is an American singer-songwriter and actress, best known for her role as Helen Chappell-Hackett on the sitcom Wings. She has appeared in film and has pursued a music career.", "Q1457300": "Antakalnis Cemetery (Lithuanian: Antakalnio kapin\u0117s, Polish: Cmentarz na Antokolu, Belarusian: \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0456\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0456\u043b\u043a\u0456), sometimes referred as Antakalnis Military Cemetery, is an active cemetery in the Antakalnis district of Vilnius, Lithuania. It was established in 1809.", "Q38903": "Universal Music Group (also known in the United States as UMG Recordings, Inc. and abbreviated as UMG) is an American global music corporation that is majority owned by the French media conglomerate Vivendi, with Chinese tech company Tencent owning a minority stake. UMG's global corporate headquarters are located in Santa Monica, California. The biggest music company in the world, it is one of the \"Big Three\" record labels, along with Sony Music and Warner Music Group. Ten percent of Universal Music Group was acquired by Tencent in January 2020 for US$3 billion.In 2019, Fast Company named Universal Music Group the most innovative music company and listed UMG among the Top 50 most innovative companies in the world and \"amid the music industry's digital transformation, Universal is redefining what a modern label should look like.\" UMG has signed licensing agreements with more than 400 platforms worldwide.", "Q3124012": "G\u00e9rard Hach\u00e9 (March 17, 1925 \u2013 September 22, 2017) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1967 to 1970 as member of the Liberal party.Hach\u00e9 co-found farm equipment dealer G.G. Hach\u00e9 & Fr\u00e8res Lt\u00e9e in 1947, was a councilor in Bathurst, New Brunswick and served as school trustee.", "Q12640": "The canton of Fribourg, also canton of Friburg (French: canton de Fribourg, German: Kanton Freiburg ) is located in western Switzerland. The canton is bilingual, with French spoken by two thirds of the citizens and German by about one third. Both are official languages in the canton. The canton takes its name from its capital city of Fribourg.", "Q184814": "The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (later known as the Pre-Raphaelites) was a group of English painters, poets, and art critics, founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti, James Collinson, Frederic George Stephens and Thomas Woolner who formed a seven-member \"Brotherhood\" modelled in part on the Nazarene movement. The Brotherhood was only ever a loose association and their principles were shared by other artists of the time, including Ford Madox Brown, Arthur Hughes and Marie Spartali Stillman. Later followers of the principles of the Brotherhood included Edward Burne-Jones, William Morris and John William Waterhouse.\nThe group sought a return to the abundant detail, intense colours and complex compositions of Quattrocento Italian art. They rejected what they regarded as the mechanistic approach first adopted by Mannerist artists who succeeded Raphael and Michelangelo. The Brotherhood believed the Classical poses and elegant compositions of Raphael in particular had been a corrupting influence on the academic teaching of art, hence the name \"Pre-Raphaelite\". In particular, the group objected to the influence of Sir Joshua Reynolds, founder of the English Royal Academy of Arts, whom they called \"Sir Sloshua\". To the Pre-Raphaelites, according to William Michael Rossetti, \"sloshy\" meant \"anything lax or scamped in the process of painting ... and hence ... any thing or person of a commonplace or conventional kind\". The group associated their work with John Ruskin, an English critic whose influences were driven by his religious background.\nThe group continued to accept the concepts of history painting and mimesis, imitation of nature, as central to the purpose of art. The Pre-Raphaelites defined themselves as a reform movement, created a distinct name for their form of art, and published a periodical, The Germ, to promote their ideas. The group's debates were recorded in the Pre-Raphaelite Journal.", "Q75803": "Marianne von Willemer (born 20 November 1784, probably in Linz; died 6 December 1860 in Frankfurt am Main; probably born as Marianne Pirngruber; also known as Marianne Jung) was an Austrian actress and dancer best known for her relationship with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and her appearance in his poetry. At the age of 14 she moved to Frankfurt am Main, where she became the third wife of Frankfurt banker Johann Jakob von Willemer. He introduced her to Goethe, who met Marianne in 1814 and 1815. Goethe immortalised her in the Buch Suleika of his late work West-\u00f6stlicher Divan; she later revealed that several of its poems were authored by her.", "Q137360": "Omsk State Agrarian University is a university in Omsk, Russia. It was established in 1918. The university has 12 faculties, with an enrollment of approximately 11,000 students.", "Q426930": "The Appaloosa (also known as Southwest to Sonora) is a 1966 American Western film Technicolor (set in the 1870s) from Universal Pictures starring Marlon Brando, Anjanette Comer and John Saxon, who was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of a Mexican bandit. The film was directed by Sidney J. Furie, and shot in Techniscope in California, Utah, and Arizona.\nThe 2008 Appaloosa film (starring Ed Harris and Viggo Mortensen) is not related to this film, although it has a similar title.", "Q1018838": "B\u00e1rbara Jacobs (born 19 October 1947) is a Mexican writer, poet, essayist and translator.", "Q274593": "HammerFall is a Swedish heavy metal band from Gothenburg, Sweden. The band was formed in 1993 by ex-Ceremonial Oath guitarist Oscar Dronjak.", "Q90131": "Max Alsberg (16 October 1877 \u2013 11 September 1933) was a famous criminal lawyer of the Weimar Republic.\nAlsberg worked primarily as a criminal defense lawyer; he defended Karl Helfferich in 1920 and Carl von Ossietzky in 1931. He also wrote plays (Voruntersuchung in 1927, and Konflikt). His best known contribution to legal science is the handbook Der Beweisantrag im Strafprozess.\nMax Alsberg committed suicide by gunshot on 11 September 1933.", "Q138053": "Robert Edward Crane (July 13, 1928 \u2013 June 29, 1978) was an American actor, drummer, radio personality, and disc jockey known for starring\nin the CBS situation comedy Hogan's Heroes.\nA drummer from age 11, Crane began his career as a radio personality, first in New York City and then Connecticut before moving to Los Angeles, where he hosted the number-one rated morning show. In the early 1960s, he moved into acting, eventually landing the lead role of Colonel Robert Hogan in Hogan's Heroes. The series aired from 1965 to 1971, and Crane received two Emmy Award nominations for his work on the series.\nAfter Hogan's Heroes ended, Crane's career declined. He became frustrated with the few roles he was being offered and began performing in dinner theater. In 1975, he returned to television in the NBC series The Bob Crane Show. The series received poor ratings and was cancelled after 13 weeks. Afterward, Crane returned to performing in dinner theaters and also appeared in occasional guest spots on television.\nWhile on tour in June 1978 for a dinner theater production, Beginner's Luck, Crane was found bludgeoned to death in his Scottsdale apartment, the victim of a homicide. The murder remains officially unsolved. Due to the suspicious nature of his death and posthumous revelations about his personal life, Crane became a controversial figure. Crane had been popular and uncontroversial prior to his death.", "Q3261290": "Louis Boehmer (30 May 1843 - 29 July 1896) was an ethnic German-American agronomist and government advisor in Meiji period Japan who later worked as a success entrepreneur in Yokohama.", "Q300560": "A Smile Like Yours is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by Keith Samples and starring Greg Kinnear and Lauren Holly. The film centers on a couple as they try to conceive a child. The film was produced by Rysher Entertainment and released by Paramount Pictures. The title song was performed by Natalie Cole.", "Q12898": "Humphrey R. Tonkin (born 2 December 1939) is professor of English, and served as the 4th president of the University of Hartford. He is also a dedicated Esperantist. \n\n", "Q346535": "Carsten Byhring (8 December 1918 \u2013 6 April 1990) was a Norwegian actor. He is probably best known for playing Kjell in the Olsen Gang movies. He is the brother of actor Svein Byhring.\nHe died from cancer in Oslo at the age of 71, in 1990.", "Q89460": "Bastian Sick (German pronunciation: [\u02c8bastja\u02d0n \u02c8zi:k]) (born 17 July 1965) is a German journalist and author.", "Q6060": "Curtis James Jackson III (born July 6, 1975), known professionally as 50 Cent, is an American rapper, actor, producer, and entrepreneur. Born in the South Jamaica neighborhood of the borough of Queens, Jackson began selling drugs at age twelve during the 1980s crack epidemic. He later began pursuing a musical career and in 2000 he produced Power of the Dollar for Columbia Records, but days before the planned release he was shot and the album was never released. In 2002, after Jackson released the compilation album Guess Who's Back?, he was discovered by Eminem and signed to Shady Records, under the aegis of Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records.\nWith the aid of Eminem and Dr. Dre (who produced his first major-label album, Get Rich or Die Tryin'), Jackson became one of the world's best selling rappers and rose to prominence with East Coast hip hop group G-Unit (which he leads de facto). In 2003, he founded G-Unit Records, signing his G-Unit associates Young Buck, Lloyd Banks and Tony Yayo. Jackson had similar commercial and critical success with his second album, The Massacre, which was released in 2005. He released his fifth studio album, Animal Ambition, in 2014 and as of 2019 is working on his sixth studio album, Street King Immortal. He executive produces and stars in the show Power, which airs on Starz.During his career Jackson has sold over 30 million albums worldwide and won several awards, including a Grammy Award, thirteen Billboard Music Awards, six World Music Awards, three American Music Awards and four BET Awards. He has pursued an acting career, appearing in the semi-autobiographical film Get Rich or Die Tryin' (2005), the Iraq War film Home of the Brave (2006) and Righteous Kill (2008). 50 Cent was ranked the sixth-best artist of the 2000s and the third-best rapper (behind Eminem and Nelly) by Billboard. Rolling Stone considers Get Rich or Die Tryin' and \"In da Club\" to be in its lists of \"100 Best Albums of the 2000s\" and \"100 Best Songs of the 2000s\" at numbers 37 and 13 respectively.", "Q1398058": "Knut Sven-Erik Magnusson (13 October 1942 \u2013 22 March 2017) was a Swedish singer and musician known for being the lead singer of the band Sven-Ingvars that during their sixty-year history played many different types of popular music, and was at times regarded as a dansband. The band had its last tour during the summer of 2016 with their last show on 21 August that year in Blekinge.He died on 22 March 2017 of cancer.", "Q9353": "John Locke (; 29 August 1632 \u2013 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the \"Father of Liberalism\". Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.Locke's theory of mind is often cited as the origin of modern conceptions of identity and the self, figuring prominently in the work of later philosophers such as David Hume, Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant. Locke was the first to define the self through a continuity of consciousness. He postulated that, at birth, the mind was a blank slate or tabula rasa. Contrary to Cartesian philosophy based on pre-existing concepts, he maintained that we are born without innate ideas, and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience derived from sense perception. This is now known as empiricism. An example of Locke's belief in empiricism can be seen in his quote, \"whatever I write, as soon as I discover it not to be true, my hand shall be the forwardest to throw it into the fire.\" This shows the ideology of science in his observations in that something must be capable of being tested repeatedly and that nothing is exempt from being disproven. Challenging the work of others, Locke is said to have established the method of introspection, or observing the emotions and behaviours of one's self.", "Q310773": "Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, NI, HI, FPAS ( (listen); Urdu: \u0688\u0627\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u200e; (born 1 April 1936)), known as Dr. A. Q. Khan, is a Pakistani columnist, nuclear physicist, metallurgical engineer, and former politician who founded the uranium enrichment program for Pakistan's atomic bomb project. AQ Khan founded and established the Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) in 1976, serving as both its senior scientist and Chairman until he retired in 2001. Khan was also a figure in other Pakistani national science projects, making research contributions to molecular morphology, the physics of martensite alloys, condensed matter physics, and materials physics. He founded a political party Tehreek-e-Tahaffuz-e-Pakistan.\nIn January 2004, the Pakistani government summoned Khan for a debriefing on his active role in nuclear weapons technology proliferation in other countries after the United States provided evidence of it to the Pakistanis. Khan formally admitted his responsibility for these activities a month later. The Pakistani government dismisses allegations that Pakistani authorities sanctioned Khan's activities.After years of official house arrest during and following his debriefing, the Islamabad High Court (IHC) on 6 February 2009 declared Abdul Qadeer Khan to be a free citizen of Pakistan, allowing him free movement inside the country. The verdict was rendered by Chief Justice Sardar Muhammad Aslam. In September 2009, concerned because the decision also ended all security restrictions on Khan, the United States warned that Khan still remained a \"serious proliferation risk\".", "Q225904": "John Webster (c.\u20091580 \u2013 c.\u20091632) was an English Jacobean dramatist best known for his tragedies The White Devil and The Duchess of Malfi, which are often regarded as masterpieces of the early 17th-century English stage. His life and career overlapped William Shakespeare's.\n\n", "Q382577": "Michael \"Doc\" Emrick (born August 1, 1946) is an American network television play-by-play sportscaster and commentator noted mostly for his work in ice hockey. Emrick is currently the lead announcer for NHL national telecasts on both NBC and NBCSN. Among the many awards he has received is the NHL's Lester Patrick Award in 2004, making him the first of only five to have received the award for media work, and the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award by the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2008. He has also won six national Emmy Awards for excellence in sports broadcasting, the only hockey broadcaster to be honored with even one. On December 12, 2011, Emrick became the first member of the media to be inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame.", "Q131077": "Yukio Hatoyama (\u9ce9\u5c71 \u7531\u7d00\u592b, Hatoyama Yukio, born 11 February 1947) is a former Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 16 September 2009 to 8 June 2010. He was the first Prime Minister from the modern Democratic Party of Japan.First elected to the House of Representatives in 1986, Hatoyama became President of the DPJ, the main opposition party, in May 2009. He then led the party to victory in the August 2009 general election, defeating the long-governing Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), which had been in power for over a decade. He represented the Hokkaido 9th district in the House of Representatives from 1986 to 2012.", "Q252554": "Wesley Allison Clark (April 10, 1927 \u2013 February 22, 2016) was an American physicist who is credited for designing the first modern personal computer. He was also a computer designer and the main participant, along with Charles Molnar, in the creation of the LINC computer, which was the first minicomputer and shares with a number of other computers (such as the PDP-1) the claim to be the inspiration for the personal computer.\nClark was born in New Haven, Connecticut, and grew up in Kinderhook, New York, and in northern California. His parents, Wesley Sr. and Eleanor Kittell, moved to California, and he attended the University of California, Berkeley, where he graduated with a degree in physics in 1947. Clark began his career as a physicist at the Hanford Site.\nIn 1981, Clark received the Eckert\u2013Mauchly Award for his work on computer architecture. He was awarded an honorary degree by Washington University in 1984. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1999. Clark is a charter recipient of the IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer Award for \"First Personal Computer\".", "Q24494": "Sophus Claussen (12 September 1865 Helletofte \u2013 11 April 1931 Gentofte) was a Danish writer. He is best remembered for his neo-romanticism poems.", "Q448757": "Davina Lucy Pascale McCall (born 16 October 1967) is an English television presenter and former model. She was the presenter of Big Brother during its run on Channel 4 between 2000 and 2010. She has also hosted Channel 4's The Million Pound Drop, Five Minutes to a Fortune and The Jump as well as ITV's Long Lost Family and This Time Next Year. In 2020, McCall appears on the judging panel on ITV's The Masked Singer.\nMcCall was most notably the presenter of Big Brother on Channel 4 between 2000 and 2010. Having fronted the weekly live eviction shows every year since the beginning, she decided not to return as host after it was dropped by Channel 4 in 2010 and relaunched by Channel 5 the following year.\nAfter a difficult childhood, in her early twenties McCall had pursued various jobs, including becoming a solo singer, but later embarked on a career on television with a first job presenting for MTV in 1992. After further work on terrestrial channels she became a household name thanks to Big Brother, while also continuing to work with other hosting vehicles on various channels, from game shows to talent shows. She was also a regular co-presenter of the Comic Relief annual telethons from 2005 to 2015.\nDepartures from presenting into other television roles, through a sitcom, a documentary series and fronting her own chat show, have all proven to be unsuccessful, and beyond Big Brother she has continued in the mainstream as a presenter on Channel 4, ITV and Sky One.", "Q262497": "Richard Doyle (born April 26, 1945), sometimes credited as Richard Doyal, is an American actor and voice actor.\n\n", "Q14557": "Romoos is a municipality in the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q91549": "Hermann Busch (24 June 1897 \u2013 3 June 1975) was a German cellist.", "Q1069": "Geology (from the Ancient Greek \u03b3\u1fc6, g\u0113 (\"earth\") and -\u03bbo\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, -logia, (\"study of\", \"discourse\")) is an earth science concerned with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Geology can also include the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet or natural satellite such as Mars or the Moon. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other earth sciences, including hydrology and the atmospheric sciences, and so is treated as one major aspect of integrated earth system science and planetary science.\n\nGeology describes the structure of the Earth on and beneath its surface, and the processes that have shaped that structure. It also provides tools to determine the relative and absolute ages of rocks found in a given location, and also to describe the histories of those rocks. By combining these tools, geologists are able to chronicle the geological history of the Earth as a whole, and also to demonstrate the age of the Earth. Geology provides the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and the Earth's past climates.\nGeologists use a wide variety of methods to understand the Earth's structure and evolution, including field work, rock description, geophysical techniques, chemical analysis, physical experiments, and numerical modelling. In practical terms, geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, evaluating water resources, understanding of natural hazards, the remediation of environmental problems, and providing insights into past climate change. Geology is a major academic discipline, and it plays an important role in geotechnical engineering.", "Q318449": "Elisha Gray (August 2, 1835 \u2013 January 21, 1901) was an American electrical engineer who co-founded the Western Electric Manufacturing Company. Gray is best known for his development of a telephone prototype in 1876 in Highland Park, Illinois. Some recent authors have argued that Gray should be considered the true inventor of the telephone because Alexander Graham Bell allegedly stole the idea of the liquid transmitter from him. Although Gray had been using liquid transmitters in his telephone experiments for more than two years previously, Bell's telephone patent was upheld in numerous court decisions.\nGray is also considered to be the father of the modern music synthesizer, and was granted over 70 patents for his inventions. He was one of the founders of Graybar, purchasing a controlling interest in the company shortly after its inception.", "Q89306": "Ignaz Sonnleithner, from 1828 Ignaz Edler von Sonnleithner (30 July 1770 \u2013 27 November 1831), was an Austrian jurist, writer and educator. He also founded the Society of Music Friends of the Austrian Imperial State in 1812.\n\n", "Q451206": "Elena Maureen Bertolino, known as Marina Berti, (29 September 1924 \u2013 29 October 2002) was an Italian film actress. She was born in London from an Italian father and an English mother.Her first screen appearance was in the Anna Magnani film, La Fuggitiva in 1941. She appeared mainly in small roles and in the occasional leading role in nearly 100 films both Italian and American. Her appearances include Quo Vadis (1951), Abdulla the Great (1955), Ben Hur (1959), Cleopatra (1963), If It's Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium (1969), What Have They Done to Your Daughters? (1974), Night Train Murders (1975), and the TV miniseries' Moses the Lawgiver (1975) and Jesus of Nazareth (1977). Her last film appearance was in the Costa-Gavras film Amen. in 2002.\nShe was married to the Italian actor Claudio Gora from 1944 until his death in 1998. She was the mother of actor Andrea Giordana and actress Marina Giordana.\nBerti died in 2002 in a Rome hospital after a long illness.", "Q234809": "Sarah Clarke (born February 16, 1972) is an American actress, best known for her role as Nina Myers on 24, and also for her roles as Ren\u00e9e Dwyer, Bella Swan's mother, in the 2008 film Twilight, Erin McGuire on the short-lived TV show Trust Me, and CIA Agent Lena Smith on the USA Network show Covert Affairs. She currently stars as Eleanor Wish in Amazon Studios' police procedural drama Bosch.", "Q171453": "Transformers is a 2007 American science fiction action film based on the Transformers toy line. The film, which combines computer animation with live-action filming, was directed by Michael Bay, with Steven Spielberg serving as executive producer. It was produced by Don Murphy and Tom DeSanto, and is the first installment in the live-action Transformers film series. The film stars Shia LaBeouf as Sam Witwicky, a teenager who gets caught up in a war between the heroic Autobots and the villainous Decepticons, two factions of alien robots who can disguise themselves by transforming into everyday machinery, primarily vehicles. The Autobots intend to retrieve and use the AllSpark, the object that created their robotic race that is on Earth, to rebuild their home planet Cybertron and end the war, while the Decepticons have the intention of using it to build an army by giving life to the machines of Earth. Tyrese Gibson, Josh Duhamel, Anthony Anderson, Megan Fox, Rachael Taylor, John Turturro, and Jon Voight also star, while voice actors Peter Cullen and Hugo Weaving voice Optimus Prime and Megatron respectively.\nMurphy and DeSanto developed the project in 2003, and DeSanto wrote a treatment. Steven Spielberg came on board the following year, hiring Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman to write the screenplay. The U.S. Armed Forces and General Motors (GM) loaned vehicles and aircraft during filming, which saved money for the production and added realism to the battle scenes. Hasbro's promotional campaign for the film included deals with various companies; advertising included a viral marketing campaign, coordinated releases of prequel comic books, toys, and books, as well as product placement deals with companies such as GM, Burger King, and eBay.\nTransformers received mixed reviews from critics and a positive response from audiences. It became the 28th highest-grossing film of all-time at the time of its release and was the fifth highest-grossing film of 2007, grossing $709 million worldwide, with an estimated 46 million tickets sold in the US. The film won four awards from the Visual Effects Society and was nominated for three Academy Awards, for Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects. LaBeouf's performance was praised by Empire, and Cullen's reprisal of Optimus Prime from the 1980s television series was well received by fans. The film was followed by four sequels, Revenge of the Fallen (2009), Dark of the Moon (2011), Age of Extinction (2014), and The Last Knight (2017), as well as a reboot titled Bumblebee was released in 2018.", "Q449449": "Laura: Shadows of a Summer or (French: Laura, les ombres de l'\u00e9t\u00e9) is a 1979 French romantic and erotic drama film directed by photographer David Hamilton. Hamilton himself made a cameo appearance in the film. It stars a then sixteen-year-old Dawn Dunlap at the time of release, as the title character.", "Q151783": "Metronomy are an English electronic music group formed in 1999. The current band consists of Joseph Mount (vocals, keyboards and guitar), Oscar Cash (saxophone, backing vocals, guitars and keyboards), Anna Prior (drums and vocals), Olugbenga Adelekan (bass guitar and vocals) and Michael Lovett (keyboards and guitars). Their music consists of vocal and instrumental electronic pop music. Mount also releases remixes under the name Metronomy, and has remixed many artists including Gorillaz, Sebastien Tellier, Roots Manuva, Franz Ferdinand, Klaxons, Goldfrapp, Young Knives, Zero 7, Ladytron, Kate Nash, Lady Gaga and Lykke Li.Metronomy have released six albums of original material, Pip Paine (Pay The \u00a35000 You Owe), Nights Out, The English Riviera, Love Letters, Summer 08, and Metronomy Forever.", "Q81982": "A harpsichord (Italian: clavicembalo, French: clavecin, German: Cembalo, Spanish: clavec\u00edn, Portuguese: cravo) is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. Like a pipe organ, a harpsichord may have more than one keyboard manual and harpsichords may have stop buttons which add or remove additional octaves. Some harpsichords may have a lute stop, which simulates the sound of a plucked lute. This activates a row of levers that turn a trigger mechanism that plucks one or more strings with a small plectrum made from quill or plastic. The strings are under tension on a soundboard, which is mounted in a wooden case; the soundboard amplifies the vibrations from the strings so that the listeners can hear it.\nThe term denotes the whole family of similar plucked-keyboard instruments, including the smaller virginals, muselar, and spinet. The harpsichord was widely used in Renaissance and Baroque music, both as an accompaniment instrument and as a soloing instrument. During the Baroque era, the harpsichord was a standard part of the continuo group, the musicians who performed the basso continuo part that acted as the foundation for many musical pieces in this era. During the late 18th century, with the development of the fortepiano (and then the increasing use of the piano in the 19th century) the harpsichord gradually disappeared from the musical scene (except in opera, where it continued to be used to accompany recitative). In the 20th century, it made a resurgence, being used in historically informed performances of older music, in new compositions, and, in rare cases, in certain styles of popular music (e.g., Baroque pop).", "Q591036": "Great Expectations is a three-part BBC television drama adaptation by Sarah Phelps of the Charles Dickens\u2019s 1861 novel of the same name, starring Ray Winstone as Magwitch, Gillian Anderson as Miss Havisham, Douglas Booth as Pip, Vanessa Kirby as Estella and David Suchet as Jaggers. The adaptation was first broadcast on British television over the Christmas period in 2011.\nAnderson's casting as Miss Havisham drew attention to the production due to her being a mere 43 compared to other actresses who have played her. However, critical reception was generally positive.\nIn 2012, the PBS broadcast earned the series a total of four Creative Arts Emmy Awards out of five nominations for Outstanding Art Direction, Cinematography, Costumes, and Main Title Design. The remaining nomination was for Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music.", "Q7418": "Emperor Wen of Sui (\u968b\u6587\u5e1d; 21 July 541 \u2013 13 August 604), personal name Yang Jian (\u694a\u5805), Xianbei name Puliuru Jian (\u666e\u516d\u8339\u5805), nickname Narayana (Chinese: \u90a3\u7f85\u5ef6; pinyin: N\u00e0lu\u00f3y\u00e1n) deriving from Buddhist terms, was the founder and first emperor of China's Sui dynasty (581\u2013618 AD). He was a hard-working administrator and a micromanager. The Sui Shu records him as having withdrawn his favour from the Confucians, giving it to \"the group advocating Xing-Ming and authoritarian government.\" As a Buddhist, he encouraged the spread of Buddhism through the state. He is regarded as one of the most important emperors in ancient China history, reunifying China in 589 after centuries of division since the fall of the Western Jin dynasty in 316. During his reign, the construction of the Grand Canal began.\nAs a Northern Zhou official, Yang Jian served with apparent distinction during the reigns of Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou and Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou. When the erratic Emperor Xuan died in 580, Yang, as his father-in-law, seized power as regent. After defeating the general Yuchi Jiong, who resisted him, he seized the throne for himself, establishing the new Sui Dynasty (as its Emperor Wen). He was the first Chinese to rule the entire North China after the Xianbei clans conquered that area from the Liu Song dynasty (not counting the brief reconquest of that region by Emperor Wu of Liang).\nGenerally speaking, Emperor Wen's reign was a great period of prosperity not seen since the Han Dynasty. Economically, the dynasty prospered. It was said that there was enough food stored for 50 years. The military was also powerful. At the beginning of his reign, Sui faced the threat of the G\u00f6kt\u00fcrks to the north, and neighbored Tibetan tribes to the west, Goguryeo in the northeast, and Champa (Linyi) threatening the south. By the end of Emperor Wen's reign, the G\u00f6kt\u00fcrks had split into an eastern and a western kaganate, the eastern one being nominally submissive to Sui, as was Goguryeo. Champa was defeated and, while not conquered, did not remain a threat.\nEmperor Wen is also famous for having the fewest concubines for an adult Chinese emperor. (Emperor Fei of Western Wei and the Ming dynasty Hongzhi Emperor were the only two perpetually monogamous Chinese emperors.) Emperor Wen was known for having only two concubines (although he might have had additional concubines not documented by traditional historians), with whom he might not have had sexual relations until after the death in 602 of his wife Empress Dugu, whom he loved and respected deeply.", "Q1771419": "Allan Vach\u00e9 (born December 16, 1953) is an American jazz clarinetist, son of the jazz bassist and journalist Warren Vach\u00e9 Sr. and brother of jazz cornetist Warren Vach\u00e9 Jr..Vach\u00e9 played with the Jim Cullum Jazz Band of San Antonio, Texas, for seventeen years and was a regular on the Riverwalk \u2013 Live from the Landing radio show on Public Radio International, which featured the Cullum band. He performed with Cullum on A Prairie Home Companion with Garrison Keillor. He is a featured performer on Gershwin's \"Porgy & Bess\" with the Cullum band, released on CBS Masterworks. He toured Mexico for the U.S. State Department with the live show of Porgy & Bess, narrated by opera singer William Warfield. Vach\u00e9 has performed at Carnegie Hall and Lincoln Center in New York and The Kennedy Center in Washington D.C.\nHe graduated from Rahway High School in 1971.\nHe has performed with, or appeared on stage with Benny Goodman, Teddy Wilson, Lionel Hampton, Pete Fountain, Clark Terry, Benny Carter, Milt Hinton, Bob Haggart, Yank Lawson, Bucky Pizzarelli, Gene Krupa, Jake Hanna, Scott Hamilton, Herb Ellis, and many others. He has also performed with pop artists Bonnie Raitt and Leon Redbone and can be heard on the soundtrack of the 1998 film The Newton Boys starring Mathew McConaughey and Julianna Margulies.\nHe has several recordings as a soloist on the Arbors, Audiophile, Chesky, and Nagel-Heyer (of Hamburg, Germany) record labels.\nVach\u00e9 has performed in Europe, Asia, Australia, and South America.\n\n", "Q54173": "General Electric Company (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate incorporated in New York City and headquartered in Boston. As of 2018, the company operates through the following segments: aviation, healthcare, power, renewable energy, digital industry, additive manufacturing, venture capital and finance and lighting.In 2018, GE ranked among the Fortune 500 as the 18th-largest firm in the U.S. by gross revenue. In 2011, GE ranked among the Fortune 20 as the 14th-most profitable company but has since very severely underperformed the market (by about 75%) as its profitability collapsed. Two employees of GE\u2014Irving Langmuir (1932) and Ivar Giaever (1973)\u2014have been awarded the Nobel Prize.", "Q853932": "Rosika Schwimmer (Hungarian: Schwimmer R\u00f3zsa; 11 September 1877 \u2013 3 August 1948) was a Hungarian-born pacifist, feminist and female suffragist. Born into a Jewish family in Budapest in 1877, she graduated from public school in 1891. An accomplished linguist, she spoke or read eight languages. In her early career, she had difficulty finding a job that paid a living wage and was sensitized by that experience to women's employment issues. Gathering data to provide statistics on working women, Schwimmer came into contact with members of the international women's suffrage movement and by 1904 became involved in the struggle. She co-founded the first national women's labor umbrella organization in Hungary and the Hungarian Feminist Association. She also assisted in organizing the Seventh Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance, hosted in Budapest in 1913.\nThe following year, Schwimmer was hired as a press secretary of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in London. When World War I broke out, she was branded an enemy alien and left Europe for the United States, where she spoke on suffrage and pacifism. She was one of the founders of the Woman's Peace Party and the organization which would become the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. In 1915, after attending the International Congress of Women in The Hague, she worked with other feminists to persuade foreign ministers in Europe to support the creation of a body to peacefully mediate world affairs and was instrumental in convincing Henry Ford to charter the Peace Ship. From 1916 to 1918, Schwimmer lived in Europe working on various plans to end the war. With the establishment of the First Hungarian Republic, she was appointed as one of the world's first female ambassadors (from Hungary to Switzerland) in 1918. When the Republic was toppled by a coup d'\u00e9tat, she fled to the United States, renouncing her Hungarian citizenship.\nApplying for naturalization, Schwimmer was rejected on the basis of her pacifism. The case was overturned on appeal in 1928, and the following year the appeal was overturned by the US Supreme Court in the decision United States v. Schwimmer. For the remainder of her life, she remained stateless. Unable to work because of ill-health and a smear campaign, she was supported by loyal friends. In 1935, Schwimmer and Mary Ritter Beard established the World Center for Women's Archives to create an educational reference for women's history and document the individual and organizational achievements of influential women. She was one of the first world federalists, proposing a world government in 1937. Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1948, she died before the committee decided not to award it that year. In 1952, naturalization laws in the United States were changed to allow for conscientious objection.", "Q380360": "Christophe Plantin (Dutch: Christoffel Plantijn; c.\u20091520 \u2013 1 July 1589) was an influential French Renaissance humanist and book printer and publisher living and working in Antwerp.", "Q1630451": "Hospital Records is an independent record label based in South London. Primarily releasing drum and bass, the label was started in 1996 by Tony Colman (London Elektricity) and Chris Goss, and has grown in recent years to become one of the most well known labels within UK dance music. The label has been home to artists such as Danny Byrd, Camo & Krooked, Logistics, Nu:Tone, Metrik, Fred V & Grafix, High Contrast and S.P.Y but also releases tracks from across the DnB genre. In Forest Hill, South London, Hospital also runs the more experimental label Med School Music (until the end of 2019) , the publishing company Songs in the Key of Knife, and their worldwide events brand Hospitality.\nFrom 2009 to 2011 and 2014 to 2019 Hospital Records has won the Best Label title at the Drum and Bass Arena Awards. \n\n", "Q3658180": "Robert Winship Woodruff (December 6, 1889 \u2013 March 7, 1985) was the president of The Coca-Cola Company from 1923 until 1954. With a large net worth, he was also a major philanthropist, and many educational and cultural landmarks in the U.S. city of Atlanta, Georgia, bear his name. Included among these are the Woodruff Arts Center, Woodruff Park, and the Robert W. Woodruff Library.", "Q546008": "Sydney Earl Chaplin (March 30, 1926 \u2013 March 3, 2009) was an American actor. He was the second son of Charlie Chaplin and Lita Grey. One of his major roles was his father's film Limelight (1952). In theater, Chaplin won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical for his 1957 performance in Bells Are Ringing.", "Q877884": "The Legitimists (French: L\u00e9gitimistes) are royalists who adhere to the rights of dynastic succession to the French crown of the descendants of the eldest branch of the Bourbon dynasty, which was overthrown in the 1830 July Revolution. They reject the claim of the July Monarchy of 1830\u20131848 which placed Louis Philippe, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans head of the Orl\u00e9ans cadet branch of the Bourbon dynasty on the throne until he too was dethroned and driven with his family into exile.\nFollowing the movement of Ultra-royalists during the Bourbon Restoration of 1814, Legitimists came to form one of the three main right-wing factions in France, which was principally characterized by its counter-revolutionary views. According to historian Ren\u00e9 R\u00e9mond, the other two right-wing factions were the Orl\u00e9anists and the Bonapartists.Legitimists hold that the king of France must be according to the traditional rules of succession based on the Salic law. When the direct line of Charles X became extinct in 1883 with the death of his grandson Henri, Count of Chambord, the most senior heir to the throne under these traditional rules was Juan, Count of Montiz\u00f3n, a descendant of Louis XIV through his grandson Philip V of Spain. The fact that all French Legitimist claimants since 1883 have been members of the Spanish royal dynasty remains irrelevant to Legitimism, but it has prompted other French monarchists to pivot to support of the Orl\u00e9ans line.\nThe current Legitimist pretender is Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou, the senior great-grandson of Alphonso XIII of Spain by male primogeniture, whose line was excluded from the Spanish throne by a morganatic marriage.", "Q579": "General Carlos Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez del Campo (American Spanish: [\u02c8ka\u027elos i\u02c8\u03b2a\u0272es \u00f0el \u02c8k\u00e3mpo]; November 3, 1877 \u2013 April 28, 1960) was a Chilean Army officer and political figure. He served as President twice, first between 1927 and 1931, and then from 1952 to 1958, serving for 11 years in office.", "Q3376920": "Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (November 18, 1818 \u2013 March 6, 1888) was an American businessman based in Cleveland, Ohio. He invested as a silent partner with John D. Rockefeller, Sr. in the founding of Standard Oil. He served as a director of Standard Oil until his death.\n\n", "Q333814": "David Belle (born 29 April 1973) is a French actor, film choreographer and stunt coordinator. He is deemed the founder and leading pioneer of the physical discipline Parkour, coining it based on his training and the teachings from his father Raymond Belle.\nBelle came to fame via his parkour videos and film appearances, such as District 13, District 13: Ultimatum, which were written and produced by Luc Besson, and the American remake Brick Mansions. Belle has also consulted on the making of Babylon A.D., Prince of Persia, Colombiana and The Family. He is the chair of the Parkour Committee of the International Federation of Gymnastics.", "Q92040": "Eberhard Koebel (also Eberhard K\u00f6bel, called tusk [i.e. \"the German\"]; June 22, 1907\u2013August 31, 1955) was a German youth leader, writer, and publisher.\nEberhard Koebel was born in Stuttgart on June 22, 1907. From the age of 13, in 1920, Koebel was a member of the Wandervogel. Koebel soon became a leader in the movement, inventing the Kohte, a tent design that consists of several smaller canvas panels that are carried by individuals and then assembled when they reach the campsite.\nIn 1926 Koebel joined the Deutsche Freischar, a fusion of Wandervogel and Scout organizations; a year later, he advocated the formation of a unified German youth association for boys. On November 1, 1929 Koebel established the dj 1.11.. In the beginning secret conspiracy within the Deutsche Freischar to renew and mobilize it, it later broke off, when the leader of the Freischar, Ernst Buske, no longer accepted an organisation within the organisation. As leader of the Jungenschaft Koebel designed the Kohte and a particular jacket, the Jungenschaftsjacke. With these and other elements as songs and writings he created a very influential style within the German Youth Movement. In the spring of 1932, hoping to make a more effective resistance to the Nazis, he resigned as head of DJ 1.11. and joined the Young Communist League and the Communist Party of Germany.\nOn January 18, 1934, about a year after Hitler's seizure of power, Koebel was arrested for trying to infiltrate the Hitler Youth. After being severely maltreated in custody several times, he was released from Columbia Haus Prison in Berlin at the end of February 1934, and banned from future youth work. During the Night of the Long Knives of June 30, 1934, when Hitler not only purged the Nazi Party of leftists but settled other scores as well, Koebel narrowly missed being murdered by fleeing via Sweden to London. On his travel to Sweden Koebel visited a Scout group of the Sturmtrupp-Pfadfinder, which was led by his university friend Erich M\u00f6nch. In England, Koebel kept in contact with the Free German Movement. Koebel returned to Berlin in 1948 and worked as a writer and author in East Germany until his death on August 31, 1955.", "Q1033303": "Jeroen Ren\u00e9 Victor Anton Dijsselbloem (Dutch: [j\u0259\u02c8run r\u0259\u02c8ne\u02d0 \u02c8v\u026akt\u0254r \u02c8\u0251nt\u0254n \u02c8d\u025bi\u032fs\u0259lblum]; born 29 March 1966) is a Dutch politician and economist serving as Chairman of the Dutch Safety Board since 1 May 2019. A member of the Labour Party (PvdA), he has also been Chairman of the supervisory board of Wageningen University since 1 April 2019.\nDijsselbloem was Minister of Finance in the Second Rutte cabinet, serving from 5 November 2012 to 26 October 2017. He also served as President of the Eurogroup from 21 January 2013 to 12 January 2018 and President of the Board of Governors of the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) from 11 February 2013 until 12 January 2018.", "Q256732": "Martina Mariea McBride (n\u00e9e Schiff, born July 29, 1966) is an American country music singer-songwriter and record producer. She is known for her soprano singing range and her country pop material.\nMcBride signed to RCA Records in 1991, and made her debut the following year as a neo-traditionalist country singer with the single, \"The Time Has Come\". Over time, she developed a pop-styled crossover sound, similar to Shania Twain and Faith Hill, and had a string of major hit singles on the Billboard country chart and occasionally on the adult contemporary chart. Five of these singles went to No. 1 on the country chart between 1995 and 2001, and one peaked at No. 1 on the adult contemporary chart in 2003. She is called the \"Celine Dion of Country Music\" after she was recognized for her soprano singing range.\nMcBride has thirteen studio albums, two greatest hits compilations, one \"live\" album, as well as two additional compilation albums. Eight of her studio albums and two of her compilations have an RIAA Gold certification, or higher. In the U.S., she has over 14 million albums. In addition, McBride has the Country Music Association's \"Female Vocalist of the Year\" award four times (tied with Reba McEntire for the second-most wins) and the Academy of Country Music's \"Top Female Vocalist\" award three times. She is also a 14-time Grammy Award nominee.", "Q1694481": "For others similarly named, see the John Aitken navigation pageJohn Aitken, FRS, FRSE (18 September 1839 \u2013 14 November 1919) was a Scottish meteorologist, physicist and marine engineer. He was one of the founders of cloud physics and aerosol science, who built the first apparatus to measure the number of dust and fog particles in the atmosphere, a koniscope.", "Q217008": "Blade: Trinity is a 2004 American superhero film written, produced and directed by David S. Goyer, who also wrote the screenplays to Blade and Blade II. It stars Wesley Snipes, who also produced, in the title role, as Marvel Comics character Blade, with a supporting cast of Ryan Reynolds, Jessica Biel, Kris Kristofferson, Dominic Purcell, Parker Posey and Triple H.\nThe third and final film in the Blade film series, the film grossed $128 million at the box office worldwide on a budget of $65 million and received mostly negative reviews from critics for its formulaic themes, directing and acting; it is the worst-reviewed film in the trilogy.\nThe film was followed by 2006's Blade: The Series, and also marks Reynolds' first superhero role, as well as his first collaboration with Marvel Entertainment. Marvel regained the film rights to the character in 2011.", "Q10731": "Michael Francis \"Mick\" Foley (born June 7, 1965) is an American actor, author, retired professional wrestler, and color commentator. He is currently signed to WWE.\nFoley worked for many wrestling promotions, including the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), and National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), as well as numerous promotions in Japan. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest wrestlers in the history of WWE, and participated in the main event of WrestleMania in 1999 and 2000 (as a special guest referee in the former). He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2013.\nFoley has wrestled under his real name and various personas. His main persona during his time in WCW and ECW from 1991 to 1996 was Cactus Jack, a bloodthirsty and uncompromisingly physical brawler from Truth or Consequences, New Mexico who wore cowboy boots and often wrestled with sharp and/or solid metallic objects, such as barbed wire, thumbtacks, or metal trashcans. When Foley got to the WWF in 1996, he debuted the persona known as Mankind, a masked, mentally deranged loner who stuffed a smelly gym sock in his opponents' mouths and spent his spare time dwelling in boiler rooms; and later Foley debuted Dude Love, a relaxed, fun-loving, jive-talking, tie-dyed shirt-wearing hippie. These personas were known as the \"Three Faces of Foley\", and Cactus Jack made his debut in the WWF in 1997. He is a four-time world champion (three WWF Championships and one TNA World Heavyweight Championship), an 11-time world tag team champion (eight WWF Tag Team Championships, two ECW World Tag Team Championships and one WCW World Tag Team Championship), a one-time TNA Legends Champion, and the inaugural WWF Hardcore Champion. Foley's dedicated and physical style of wrestling led him to often participate in violent and brutal matches that involved him taking dangerous bumps and putting his body through a considerable physical toll, and would sometimes cause him or his opponents to bleed copiously, earning him the moniker \"The Hardcore Legend\".", "Q163057": "David Campbell (August 7, 1779 \u2013 March 19, 1859) was a Virginia merchant, soldier, farmer and politician who became the 27th Governor of Virginia, serving from 1837 to 1840.", "Q968026": "Malcolm Frederick Evans (27 May 1935 \u2013 5 January 1976) was an English roadie and personal assistant employed to the Beatles from 1963 until their break-up in 1970.\nIn the early 1960s, Evans was employed as a telephone engineer, and also worked part-time as a bouncer at the Cavern Club. The Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein, later hired Evans as the group's assistant roadie, in tandem with Neil Aspinall. Evans contributed to recordings, and appeared in some of the films the group made. After the Beatles stopped touring in 1966, Evans carried on assisting them until their break-up in 1970. From 1969, Evans also found work as a record producer (most notably with Badfinger's top 10 hit \"No Matter What\").\nEvans was shot and killed by police at his home in Los Angeles, when officers mistook an air rifle he was holding for an actual rifle. He was 40.", "Q129610": "Galway ( GAWL-way; Irish: Gaillimh, pronounced [\u02c8\u0261al\u0320\u02b2\u026av\u02b2]) is a city in County Galway in the West of Ireland, in the province of Connacht. It lies on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay, and is the sixth most populous city in Ireland, with a population at the 2016 Census of 79,934.Galway is renowned for its vibrant lifestyle and for hosting numerous festivals, celebrations and events such as The Galway Arts Festival. The city is currently the European Capital of Culture for 2020, alongside Rijeka, Croatia.", "Q55245": "Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, (; 22 May 1907 \u2013 11 July 1989) was an English actor and director who, along with his contemporaries Ralph Richardson, Peggy Ashcroft and John Gielgud, dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century. He also worked in films throughout his career, playing more than fifty cinema roles. Late in his career, he had considerable success in television roles.\nHis family had no theatrical connections, but Olivier's father, a clergyman, decided that his son should become an actor. After attending a drama school in London, Olivier learned his craft in a succession of acting jobs during the late 1920s. In 1930 he had his first important West End success in No\u00ebl Coward's Private Lives, and he appeared in his first film. In 1935 he played in a celebrated production of Romeo and Juliet alongside Gielgud and Ashcroft, and by the end of the decade he was an established star. In the 1940s, together with Richardson and John Burrell, Olivier was the co-director of the Old Vic, building it into a highly respected company. There his most celebrated roles included Shakespeare's Richard III and Sophocles's Oedipus. In the 1950s Olivier was an independent actor-manager, but his stage career was in the doldrums until he joined the avant garde English Stage Company in 1957 to play the title role in The Entertainer, a part he later played on film. From 1963 to 1973 he was the founding director of Britain's National Theatre, running a resident company that fostered many future stars. His own parts there included the title role in Othello (1965) and Shylock in The Merchant of Venice (1970).\nAmong Olivier's films are Wuthering Heights (1939), Rebecca (1940), and a trilogy of Shakespeare films as actor-director: Henry V (1944), Hamlet (1948), and Richard III (1955). His later films included The Shoes of the Fisherman (1968), Sleuth (1972), Marathon Man (1976), and The Boys from Brazil (1978). His television appearances included an adaptation of The Moon and Sixpence (1960), Long Day's Journey into Night (1973), Love Among the Ruins (1975), Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1976), Brideshead Revisited (1981) and King Lear (1983).\nOlivier's honours included a knighthood (1947), a life peerage (1970) and the Order of Merit (1981). For his on-screen work he received four Academy Awards, two British Academy Film Awards, five Emmy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards. The National Theatre's largest auditorium is named in his honour, and he is commemorated in the Laurence Olivier Awards, given annually by the Society of London Theatre. He was married three times, to the actresses Jill Esmond from 1930 to 1940, Vivien Leigh from 1940 to 1960, and Joan Plowright from 1961 until his death.", "Q117926": "this article is about the Spanish actor. For names similar see Jos\u00e9 Calvo Sotelo, Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Calvo or Jos\u00e9 Antonio Garc\u00eda CalvoJos\u00e9 Calvo (March 3, 1916 \u2013 May 16, 1980) was a Spanish film actor best known for his roles in western films and historical dramas.\nHe made around 150 appearances mostly in films between 1952 and his death in 1980. He entered film in 1952 and was prolific as an actor throughout the 1950s and 1960s. He made many appearances in crime dramas, often with a historical theme and appeared in a high number of western films.\nIn 1964 he starred as the innkeeper Silvanito in Sergio Leone's Spaghetti Western production A Fistful of Dollars as one of Clint Eastwood's few \"amigos\" in the town of San Miguel. He later appeared in westerns such as I Giorni dell'ira (1967) opposite Lee Van Cleef, Anda muchacho, spara! (1971) and Dust in the Sun (1973) etc.\nHowever, after the Spaghetti western era of the late 1960s, in the 1970s he returned to appearing in primarily Spanish films and in contrast to the roles which dominated much of his career did appear in several Spanish comedy films often with slapstick humor as that genre grew popular in Latin cinema during this period.\nHe died in Gran Canaria on May 16, 1980, aged 64.", "Q151973": "Richard Burton, (; born Richard Walter Jenkins Jr.; 10 November 1925 \u2013 5 August 1984) was a Welsh actor. Noted for his mellifluous baritone voice, Burton established himself as a formidable Shakespearean actor in the 1950s, and he gave a memorable performance of Hamlet in 1964. He was called \"the natural successor to Olivier\" by critic and dramaturge Kenneth Tynan. An alcoholic, Burton's failure to live up to those expectations disappointed critics and colleagues and fuelled his legend as a great thespian wastrel.Burton was nominated for an Academy Award seven times, but never won an Oscar. He was a recipient of BAFTAs, Golden Globes, and Tony Awards for Best Actor. In the mid-1960s, Burton ascended into the ranks of the top box office stars. By the late 1960s, Burton was one of the highest-paid actors in the world, receiving fees of $1 million or more plus a share of the gross receipts. Burton remained closely associated in the public consciousness with his second wife, actress Elizabeth Taylor. The couple's turbulent relationship was rarely out of the news.", "Q178339": "Kofi Martin Yamgnane (born 11 October 1945) is a French-Togolese politician and engineer.", "Q1489332": "Gabriel Johnson (born 1980 in Santa Clara, California) is an American trumpeter whose music combines aspects of electronica and jazz.", "Q337482": "Dhirendra Nath Ganguly (26 March 1893 \u2013 18 November 1978), better known as Dhiren Ganguly or D.G, was a Dadasaheb Phalke Award-winning and Padma Bhushan recipient film entrepreneur/actor/director of Bengali Cinema. He had set up a number of film production companies: Indo British Film company, British Dominion Films, Lotus Film Company. Later, he directed films for New Theatres. He produced many movies in the comedy genre. He was born in Calcutta and died in the same city.\n\n", "Q1041": "Senegal ( (listen); French: S\u00e9n\u00e9gal; Wolof: Senegaal), officially the Republic of Senegal (French: R\u00e9publique du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal; Wolof: R\u00e9ewum Senegaal), is a country in West Africa. Senegal is bordered by Mauritania in the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast, and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal also surrounds The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country. Senegal also shares a maritime border with Cape Verde. Senegal's economic and political capital is Dakar.\nIt is a unitary presidential republic and is the westernmost country in the mainland of the Old World, or Afro-Eurasia. It owes its name to the Senegal River which borders it to the east and north. Senegal covers a land area of almost 197,000 square kilometres (76,000 sq mi) and has an population of around 16 million. The climate is typically Sahelian, though there is a rainy season.\n\n", "Q65386": "Fl\u00e4sch is a municipality in the Landquart Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q306887": "The district of \u00d6stlich Raron (fr. District de Rarogne oriental) is an administrative district in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. The districts of \u00d6stlich Raron and Westlich Raron share a single Community Identification Number of SFOS number (2309). The district of \u00d6stlich Raron has a population of \n3,003, while the Raron District has a population of 10,940 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q232288": "Fantasia Monique Barrino (born June 30, 1984), known professionally by her mononym Fantasia, is an American R&B singer, songwriter, actress and author. She rose to fame as the winner of the third season of the reality television series American Idol in 2004. Following her victory, she released her debut single, \"I Believe,\" which debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Subsequently, she released her debut album, Free Yourself, which went on to be certified Platinum by the RIAA and earned Barrino three Grammy nominations in 2006.\nIn 2006, she released her second album, Fantasia, which featured the single \"When I See U\" which topped the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for eight weeks. This album was certified Gold by the RIAA and received three Grammy nominations in 2008. She then played the part of Celie in the Broadway musical The Color Purple, for which she won a 2007 Theatre World Award. Her third studio album, Back to Me, was released worldwide on August 24, 2010 and features the single \"Bittersweet,\" which peaked in the top ten on the R&B chart. The single won her a Grammy for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. As of February 2012, Barrino has sold 2,842,000 albums and 1,425,000 tracks in the United States. In 2012, VH1 ranked her number 32 out of the 100 Greatest Women in Music.\nOn April 18, 2013, Barrino returned to American Idol singing \"Lose to Win.\" The performance dubbed \"dynamic, passionate and powerful\" won her fervent expressions of approval from the show's current judges and a wild ovation from the live audience. Moreover, she has received rave reviews in the media for the performance. In November 2013, Barrino returned to Broadway in the musical After Midnight. On October 16, 2014, she was inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame.\nBarrino has been nicknamed \"Baby Patti LaBelle\" by her idol Patti LaBelle.", "Q88030": "Gustav Heinse (Bulgarian: \u0413\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0425\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0437\u0435), born Josef K. Klein (1896\u20131971), was a poet and translator who was mostly active in Bulgaria, where he lived and worked from 1924 until his death.", "Q87303": "Gernot Rumpold (born September 11, 1957) is an Austrian politician, best known for his association with J\u00f6rg Haider.\nRumpold was born in Villach, Carinthia, and attended schools in Pinkafeld, apprenticing as an electrician. From the 1970s, he became known as J\u00f6rg Haider's Mann f\u00fcrs Grobe (roughly, hatchet man), and became the only constant fixture in Haider's retinue during the next quarter century, even though his working-class background came across as suspect to some in Haider's upper-class-dominated FP\u00d6. After working as an HVAC technician from 1980 to 1982, he served in a number of capacities in the FP\u00d6 during the 1980s: organizational advisor to the FP\u00d6 from 1982 to 1984, managing director of the FP\u00d6 in Carinthia from 1984 to 1986, and personal advisor to the FP\u00d6 chairman (Haider) in 1986. Although generally content to operate behind the scenes, he was a member of the Federal Council of Austria for a short time, serving from October 30, 1989 to June 6, 1990. He subsequently served as business manager of the FP\u00d6 from 1990.", "Q215637": "Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u0443\u0301\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, IPA: [n\u0250\u02c8d\u02b2e\u0290d\u0259 k\u0259nst\u0250n\u02c8t\u02b2in\u0259vn\u0259 \u02c8krupsk\u0259j\u0259]; 26 February [O.S. 14 February] 1869 \u2013 27 February 1939) was a Russian Bolshevik and the wife of Vladimir Lenin.\nKrupskaya was born into a noble family that had descended into poverty, and she developed strong views about improving the lot of the poor. At one Marxist discussion group, she met Lenin who was soon exiled to Siberia, where she was allowed to join him, on condition that they married. This could suggest a marriage of convenience, though they remained loyal.\nFollowing the 1917 Revolution, Krupskaya was at the forefront of the political scene. From 1922\u20131925, she was aligned with Stalin, Zinoviev and Kamenev against Trotsky's Left Opposition, though she later fell out with Stalin. She was deputy education commissar from 1929 to 1939, with strong influence over the Soviet educational system, including the development of Soviet librarianship.", "Q8703": "Gatwick Airport (), also known as London Gatwick (IATA: LGW, ICAO: EGKK), is a major international airport near Crawley in West Sussex, southeast England, 29.5 miles (47.5 km) south of Central London. It is the second-busiest airport by total passenger traffic in the UK, after Heathrow Airport. Gatwick is the ninth-busiest airport in Europe. It covers a total area of 674 hectares (1,670 acres).Gatwick opened as an aerodrome in the late 1920s; it has been in use for commercial flights since 1933. The airport has two terminals, the North Terminal and the South Terminal, which cover areas of 98,000 m2 (117,000 sq yd) and 160,000 m2 (190,000 sq yd) respectively. It operates as a single-runway airport, using a main runway with a length of 3,316 m (10,879 ft). A secondary runway is available but, due to its proximity to the main runway, can only be used if that is out of use. In 2018, 46.1 million passengers passed through the airport, a 1.1% increase compared with 2017. As of 2019, Gatwick is the second busiest airport in the world to operate only one runway (after Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport; until 2017, Gatwick was the busiest) with a passenger use of 46 million in 2018.", "Q110091": "Matthias \"Gonzo\" R\u00f6hr (born 16 April 1962 in Frankfurt) is the guitarist of the rock-band B\u00f6hse Onkelz since 1981. His stage name Gonzo derives from Double Live Gonzo!, an album by Ted Nugent. When B\u00f6hse Onkelz split up between 2005 and 2014, he has been known as Matt Roehr.", "Q923557": "Nicolas Baudeau (French: [bodo]) (25 April 1730 - 1792) was a Catholic cleric, theologian and economist, who was born in Amboise, France.", "Q698082": "The Deutsche Reichsbahn, also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regional railways of the individual states of the German Empire. The Deutsche Reichsbahn has been described as \"the largest enterprise in the capitalist world in the years between 1920 and 1932\", nevertheless its importance \"arises primarily from the fact that the Reichsbahn was at the center of events in a period of great turmoil in German history\".", "Q66857": "L\u00fctisburg is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q912952": "Pudasj\u00e4rvi is a town and a municipality of Finland.\nIt is located in the province of Oulu and is part of the Northern Ostrobothnia region. The city has a population of 7,988 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 5,867.23 square kilometres (2,265.35 sq mi) of which 228.67 km2 (88.29 sq mi) is water. The population density is 1.42 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.7/sq mi). Pudasj\u00e4rvi is by area the second largest town in Finland (as of 2006, Rovaniemi is the largest) and one of the largest in the world.\nPudasj\u00e4rvi is famed for its nature, and is the home of the southernmost fell area in Finland, Sy\u00f6te.\nThe oldest dated rock formations within the European Union can be found in Siuruankyl\u00e4, Pudasj\u00e4rvi. The trondhjemite gneiss is aged 3,500 million years.Two famous Finnish melodic death metal bands, Kalmah and Eternal Tears of Sorrow have been formed in Pudasj\u00e4rvi.", "Q186795": "Alfred Wainwright (\"A.W.\") MBE (17 January 1907 \u2013 20 January 1991) was a British fellwalker, guidebook author and illustrator. His seven-volume Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, published between 1955 and 1966 and consisting entirely of reproductions of his manuscript, has become the standard reference work to 214 of the fells of the English Lake District. Among his 40-odd other books is the first guide to the Coast to Coast Walk, a 192-mile long-distance footpath devised by Wainwright which remains popular today.\n\n", "Q231781": "Antonio Tabucchi (Italian: [an\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0njo ta\u02c8bukki]; 24 September 1943 \u2013 25 March 2012) was an Italian writer and academic who taught Portuguese language and literature at the University of Siena, Italy.\nDeeply in love with Portugal, he was an expert, critic and translator of the works of Fernando Pessoa from whom he drew the conceptions of saudade, of fiction and of the heteronyms. Tabucchi was first introduced to Pessoa's works in the 1960s when attending the Sorbonne. He was so charmed that when he returned to Italy, he took an introductory course in Portuguese for a better comprehension of the poet.\nHis books and essays have been translated in 18 countries, including Japan. Together with his wife, Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 de Lancastre, he translated many works by Pessoa into Italian and has written a book of essays and a comedy about the writer.\nTabucchi was awarded the French prize \"M\u00e9dicis \u00e9tranger\" for Indian Nocturne (Notturno indiano) and the premio Campiello, and the Aristeion Prize for Sostiene Pereira. In later life he was mentioned as a contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature, a feat he never achieved.", "Q51023": "Vanessa Chantal Paradis (French pronunciation: \u200b[van\u025bsa \u0283\u0251\u0303tal pa\u0281adi]; born 22 December 1972) is a French singer, model and actress.\nParadis became a child star at 14 with the worldwide success of her single \"Joe le taxi\". Since 1991, Paradis has been a spokesmodel for Chanel. She was in a relationship with American actor Johnny Depp from 1998 to 2012; they have two children: Lily-Rose and John \"Jack\" Christopher Depp III. Vanessa's sister, Alysson Paradis, is also an actress.", "Q4718259": "Alexander Alan Arthur (August 30, 1846 \u2013 March 4, 1912) was a Scottish-born engineer and entrepreneur active primarily in the southeastern United States in the latter half of the 19th century. Flamboyant, charismatic, and energetic, Arthur used his prominent American and European financial connections to fund numerous business ventures, most of which were overly ambitious and ultimately failed. A proponent of economic advancement in what became known as the New South, Arthur played a primary role in the development of the Cumberland Gap area, and in the course of his endeavors established the cities of Middlesboro, Kentucky and Harrogate, Tennessee. The community of Arthur, Tennessee, is named for him.After spending his early life migrating back and forth between Scotland, Canada, and Scandinavia, Arthur moved to Boston in 1879, and accepted a position as the general manager of the Scottish-Carolina Timber and Land Company's American operations. In the early 1880s, Arthur identified a rich stand of timber in the upper Blue Ridge Mountains along the Tennessee-North Carolina border, and devised a boom system to extract the timber from the difficult mountain terrain. Later in the same decade, Arthur identified the abundant iron ore deposits in the Cumberland Gap region, and established a multimillion-dollar iron production operation in hopes of making Middlesboro the \"Pittsburgh of the South.\"While he never experienced great financial success, Arthur's endeavors were a harbinger of the great logging and mining operations that became major economic forces in Southern Appalachia in the early 20th century.\n\n", "Q893280": "Borislav Dugi\u0107 \"Bora\" (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0414\u0443\u0433\u0438\u045b, pronounced [b\u01d2\u02d0ra d\u01d4\u02d0\u0261it\u0255]) (born June 10, 1949 in \u0110ur\u0111evo, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia) is a Serbian musician and flautist having released a number of CDs and records as well as having performed at countless concerts.", "Q727466": "B\u00e9la Gerster (20 October 1850 \u2013 3 August 1923) was a Hungarian engineer and canal architect. He took part in an early expedition to determine the route of the Panama Canal, and was the chief engineer of the Corinth Canal.", "Q259429": "Grant-Lee Phillips (born Bryan G. Phillips; September 1, 1963) is an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He led the group Grant Lee Buffalo in the 1990s, afterwards launching a solo career. He features as the town troubadour in Gilmore Girls.", "Q103953": "Richard Georg Spiller von Hauenschild, better known by his pseudonym Max Waldau (10 March 1825 \u2013 20 January 1855), was a German poet and novelist.", "Q217020": "Thor is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures, it is the fourth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). It was directed by Kenneth Branagh, written by the writing team of Ashley Edward Miller and Zack Stentz along with Don Payne, and stars Chris Hemsworth as the title character alongside Natalie Portman, Tom Hiddleston, Stellan Skarsg\u00e5rd, Colm Feore, Ray Stevenson, Idris Elba, Kat Dennings, Rene Russo, and Anthony Hopkins. After reigniting a dormant war, Thor is banished from Asgard to Earth, stripped of his powers and his hammer Mj\u00f6lnir. As his brother Loki plots to take the Asgardian throne, Thor must prove himself worthy.\nSam Raimi first developed the concept of a film adaptation based on Thor in 1991, but soon abandoned the project, leaving it in \"development hell\" for several years. During this time, the rights were picked up by various film studios until Marvel signed Mark Protosevich to develop the project in 2006, and planned to finance and release it through Paramount. Matthew Vaughn was assigned to direct the film for a tentative 2010 release. However, after Vaughn was released from his holding deal in 2008, Branagh was approached and the film's release was rescheduled to 2011. The main characters were cast in 2009, and principal photography took place in California and New Mexico from January to May 2010. The film was converted to 3D in post-production.\nThor premiered in Sydney on April 17, 2011, and was released in the United States on May 6, as part of Phase One of the MCU. The film was a financial success, earning $449.3 million worldwide, and was positively reviewed for its performances, although the Earth-based elements of the film received some criticism. Two sequels have been released, Thor: The Dark World in 2013 and Thor: Ragnarok in 2017. A fourth film, Thor: Love and Thunder, is in development.", "Q999961": "Jarom\u011b\u0159 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8jarom\u0272\u025br\u031d\u030a]; German: Jermer) is a town in the Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Region of the Czech Republic. It is located 15 kilometers northeast of the district town of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. The town lies at the confluence of three rivers, the \u00dapa, the Metuje and the Elbe. The town has around 12,500 inhabitants. \nThe town includes the Fortress Josefov, a separate entity until 1948.", "Q324398": "Alfred Thompson \u201cTom\u201d Denning, Baron Denning, (23 January 1899 \u2013 5 March 1999) was an English lawyer and judge. He was called to the bar of England and Wales in 1923, and became a King's Counsel in 1938. Denning became a judge in 1944 with an appointment to the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court of Justice, and transferred to the King's Bench Division in 1945. He was made a Lord Justice of Appeal in 1948 after less than five years in the High Court. He became a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary in 1957 and after five years in the House of Lords returned to the Court of Appeal as Master of the Rolls in 1962, a position he held for twenty years. In retirement he wrote several books and continued to offer opinions on the state of the common law through his writing and his position in the House of Lords.\nMargaret Thatcher said that Denning was \u201cprobably the greatest English judge of modern times\u201d. Mark Garnett and Richard Weight argue that he was a conservative Christian who \"remained popular with morally conservative Britons who were dismayed at the postwar rise in crime and who, like him, believed that the duties of the individual were being forgotten in the clamour for rights. He had a more punitive than redemptive view of criminal justice, as a result of which he was a vocal supporter of corporal and capital punishment.\" Though he changed his stance on capital punishment in later life.\nDenning was one of the most publicly known judges thanks to his report on the Profumo affair. He was noted for his bold judgments running counter to the law at the time. During his 38-year career as a judge he made large changes to the common law, particularly while in the Court of Appeal, and although many of his decisions were overturned by the House of Lords several of them were confirmed by Parliament, which passed statutes in line with his judgments. Although appreciated for his role as 'the people's judge' and his support for the individual, Denning was also controversial for his campaign against the common law principle of precedent, and for comments he made regarding the Birmingham Six and Guildford Four, and also as Master of the Rolls for his conflict with the House of Lords.", "Q174503": "Kenneth Robert Tuff \"Ken\" Baumann (born August 8, 1989) is an American actor, writer, publisher and book designer. For ten years, he worked in theater, film and television, becoming most known for playing Ben Boykewich on The Secret Life of the American Teenager. He is the author of the novels Solip, Say, Cut, Map, and The Country, as well as the nonfiction books EarthBound and Eat the Flowers, as well as various essays, short stories and poems. He owns and operates Sator Press, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit publishing company, was the series designer for Boss Fight Books and co-published No Colony, a literary journal, with Blake Butler. He is a co-founder of the iOS app Sweetspot, and an angel investor in the learning platform Memrise. He currently works in St. John's College in Santa Fe, New Mexico.", "Q47899": "Paris Whitney Hilton (born February 17, 1981) is an American media personality, businesswoman, socialite, model, singer, actress, and DJ. She is a great-granddaughter of Conrad Hilton, the founder of Hilton Hotels. Born in New York City and raised there and in Beverly Hills, California, she began her modeling career as a teenager when she signed with New York-based modeling development agency Trump Model Management. Her late-night persona made her a fixture of tabloid journalism, and Hilton was proclaimed \"New York's leading It Girl\" in 2001. In 2003, a leaked 2001 sex tape with her then-boyfriend Rick Salomon, later released as 1 Night in Paris, catapulted her into global fame, and the reality television series The Simple Life, in which she starred with her socialite counterpart Nicole Richie, started its five-year run with 13 million viewers, on FOX.\nIn 2004, Hilton released her debut book, Confessions of an Heiress, which became a New York Times Best Seller, in 2005, she appeared in the horror film House of Wax, and the following year she released her self-titled debut studio album, Paris, which reached number six on the Billboard 200, and respectively produced the successful single \u201cStars Are Blind\u201d. Hilton returned to reality television in 2008 with the Paris Hilton's My New BFF franchise, in 2011 with The World According to Paris, and again in 2018 with Hollywood Love Story. She has played a number of small roles and cameos in Hollywood films and appeared in the documentaries Paris, Not France (2008), Teenage Paparazzo (2010) and The American Meme (2018). In 2012, Hilton made her debut as a DJ at Brazil's Pop Music Festival. Between 2013 and 2017, she held her own residence at the Amnesia nightclub in Ibiza, and was the highest-paid female DJ in 2014.Credited with influencing the revival of the famous for being famous phenomenon for most of the 2000s, Hilton exemplifies the \"celebutante\": a celebrity not through talent or work, but through inherited wealth and lifestyle. She has parlayed her media fame into perfumes and various lines with her endorsement; her perfume brand alone have brought in over US$3 billion in revenue. In addition to a Paris Hilton Beach Club Resort in Manila, the Philippines, there are currently 50 Paris Hilton stores worldwide and 19 product lines, such as handbags, lingerie, watches, footwear, hair and skin care. Hilton earns over US$10 million a year from business ventures, and as of 2017, she was paid roughly US$300,000 for appearances in clubs and events.", "Q333182": "Iain Norman Macleod (11 November 1913 \u2013 20 July 1970) was a British Conservative Party politician and government minister.\nA playboy and professional bridge player in his twenties, after war service Macleod worked for the Conservative Research Department before entering Parliament in 1950. He was an outstanding orator and debater, and was soon appointed Minister of Health, later serving as Minister of Labour. He served an important term as Secretary of State for the Colonies under Harold Macmillan in the early 1960s, overseeing the independence of many African countries from British rule but earning the enmity of Conservative right-wingers, and the soubriquet that he was \"too clever by half\".\nMacleod was unhappy with the \"emergence\" of Sir Alec Douglas-Home as party leader and Prime Minister in succession to Macmillan in 1963 (he claimed to have supported Macmillan's deputy Rab Butler, although it is unclear exactly what his recommendation had been). He refused to serve in Home's government, and whilst serving as editor of The Spectator, alleged that the succession had been stitched up by Macmillan and a \"magic circle\" of Old Etonians.\nMacleod did not contest the first ever Conservative Party leadership election in 1965, but endorsed the eventual winner Edward Heath. When the Conservatives returned to power in June 1970, he was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in Heath's government, but died suddenly only a month later.", "Q70953": "Sandra Nettelbeck (born 4 April 1966) is a German film director and screenwriter, best known for her film Mostly Martha (2001).\n\n", "Q61686": "Fritz Walther Meissner (German: Mei\u00dfner) (December 16, 1882 \u2013 November 16, 1974) was a German technical physicist.Meissner was born in Berlin to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He studied mechanical engineering and physics at the Technical University of Berlin, his doctoral supervisor being Max Planck. He then entered the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. From 1922 to 1925, he established the world's third largest helium-liquifier, and discovered in 1933 the Meissner effect, damping of the magnetic field in superconductors. One year later, he was called as chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich.\nAfter World War II, he became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. In 1946, he was appointed director of the academy's first low temperature research commission. Laboratories were located in Herrsching am Ammersee until 1965, when they were moved to Garching. Meissner lived alone with his two dogs for the last several years of his life. Meissner died in Munich in 1974.\n\n", "Q236950": "Erica Jong (n\u00e9e Mann; born March 26, 1942) is an American novelist, satirist, and poet, known particularly for her 1973 novel Fear of Flying. The book became famously controversial for its attitudes towards female sexuality and figured prominently in the development of second-wave feminism. According to The Washington Post, it has sold more than 20 million copies worldwide.", "Q270905": "Satsuki Shimabukuro (Japanese: \u5cf6\u888b \u3055\u3064\u304d, Shimabukuro Satsuki, b. 28 May 1988 in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan), better known by her stage name Meisa Kuroki (Japanese: \u9ed2\u6728 \u30e1\u30a4\u30b5, Kuroki Meisa), is a Okinawan actress, model and singer. She is represented by the agency Sweet Power and is signed to Sony Music Japan. She made her acting debut in 2004. She has modeled for the popular Japanese fashion magazine JJ, among others, and is the current Japanese representative for Epson and Giorgio Armani. She has appeared in numerous television dramas, commercials, films, and stage productions.", "Q18423": "Roma, also known as Fellini's Roma, is a 1972 semi-autobiographical comedy-drama film depicting director Federico Fellini's move from his native Rimini to Rome as a youth. It is a homage to the city, shown in a series of loosely connected episodes set during both Rome's past and present. The plot is minimal, and the only \"character\" to develop significantly is Rome herself. Peter Gonzales plays the young Fellini, and the film features mainly newcomers in the cast.", "Q402676": "Robert Allan Shivers (October 5, 1907 \u2013 January 14, 1985) was an American politician who served as the 37th Governor of Texas. Shivers was a leader of the Texas Democratic Party during the turbulent 1940s and 1950s, and also developed the lieutenant governor's post into an extremely powerful perch in state government.", "Q134641": "Erik Axel Karlfeldt (20 July 1864 \u2013 8 April 1931) was a Swedish poet whose highly symbolist poetry masquerading as regionalism was popular and won him the Nobel Prize in Literature posthumously in 1931 after he had been nominated by Nathan S\u00f6derblom, member of the Swedish Academy. It has been rumored that he had been offered, but declined, the award already in 1919.", "Q452041": "John II Megas Komnenos (Greek: \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u0384 \u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, I\u014dann\u0113s II Megas Komn\u0113nos) (c. 1262 \u2013 16 August 1297) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1280 to 1297. He was the youngest son of Emperor Manuel I and his third wife, Irene Syrikaina, a Trapezuntine noblewoman. John succeeded to the throne after his full-brother George was betrayed by his archons on the mountain of Taurezion. It was during his reign that the style of the rulers of Trebizond changed; until then, they claimed the traditional title of the Byzantine emperors, \"Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans\", but from John II on they changed it to \"Emperor and Autocrat of all the East, the Iberians, and the Transmarine Provinces\", although Iberia had been lost in the reign of Andronikos I Gidos.John is the first ruler of Trebizond for whom we know more than a few incidents and hints; there is enough information to compose a connected narrative of the first part of his reign. The chronicle of Michael Panaretos, which is often terse and even cryptic, is relatively full for John's reign, and external sources add further details to Panaretos' account. Emperor John II faced many challenges to his rule, which partly explains his marriage to the daughter of the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.\nThis insecurity may explain the sole instance where two Emperors of Trebizond appear on the coins of this polity: John and his oldest son, Alexios. By associating himself with his son Alexios on these coins, John may be advertising his choice for his successor.", "Q556555": "Algirdas Vaclovas Patackas (28 September 1943 \u2014 3 April 2015) was a Lithuanian politician, dissident, poet, writer. In 1990 he was among those who signed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.\nPatackas died on 3 April 2015. Audrius Nakas took his seat in the parliament.", "Q3130": "Sydney ( (listen) SID-nee) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km (43.5 mi) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west, Hawkesbury to the north, the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west. Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs, 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions. Residents of the city are known as \"Sydneysiders\". As of June 2017, Sydney's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state's population.Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years, and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region, making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites. During his first Pacific voyage in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia, making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area. In 1788, the First Fleet of convicts, led by Arthur Phillip, founded Sydney as a British penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney. Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842. A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851, and over the next century, Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre. After World War II, it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world. At the time of the 2011 census, more than 250 different languages were spoken in Sydney. In the 2016 Census, about 35.8% of residents spoke a language other than English at home. Furthermore, 45.4% of the population reported having been born overseas, and the city has the third largest foreign born population of any city in the world after London and New York City, respectively.Despite being one of the most expensive cities in the world, Sydney frequently ranks in the top ten of lists of the most liveable cities in the world. It is classified as an Alpha+ World City by Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has an advanced market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing and tourism. There is a significant concentration of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney and the city is promoted as Australia's financial capital and one of Asia Pacific's leading financial hubs. Established in 1850, the University of Sydney is Australia's first university and is regarded as one of the world's leading universities. Sydney is also home to the oldest library in Australia, State Library of New South Wales, opened in 1826.Sydney has hosted major international sporting events such as the 2000 Summer Olympics. The city is among the top fifteen most-visited cities in the world, with millions of tourists coming each year to see the city's landmarks. Boasting over 1,000,000 ha (2,500,000 acres) of nature reserves and parks, its notable natural features include Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, Royal Botanic Garden and Hyde Park, the oldest parkland in the country. Built attractions such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the World Heritage-listed Sydney Opera House are also well known to international visitors. The main passenger airport serving the metropolitan area is Kingsford-Smith Airport, one of the world's oldest continually operating airports. Established in 1906, Central station, the largest and busiest railway station in the state, is the main hub of the city's rail network.", "Q1427817": "Tingye Li (simplified Chinese: \u5389\u9f0e\u6bc5; traditional Chinese: \u53b2\u9f0e\u6bc5; pinyin: L\u00ec D\u01d0ngy\u00ec; July 7, 1931 \u2013 December 27, 2012) was a Chinese-American scientist in the fields of microwaves, lasers and optical communications. His innovative work at AT&T pioneered the research and application of lightwave communication, and has had a far-reaching impact on information technology for over four decades.", "Q237": "Vatican City ( (listen)), officially Vatican City State (Italian: Stato della Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano; Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanae), is an independent city-state enclaved within Rome, Italy. Established with the Lateran Treaty (1929), it is distinct from, yet under \"full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction\" of the Holy See (Latin: Sancta Sedes). With an area of 49 hectares (121 acres) and a population of about 825, it is the smallest sovereign state in the world by both area and population.The Vatican City is an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal-monarchical state (a type of theocracy) ruled by the pope who is the bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. The highest state functionaries are all Catholic clergy of various national origins. Since the return of the popes from Avignon in 1377, they have generally resided at the Apostolic Palace within what is now Vatican City, although at times residing instead in the Quirinal Palace in Rome or elsewhere.\nThe Holy See dates back to early Christianity, and is the primate episcopal see of the Catholic Church, with 1.3 billion Catholic Christians around the world distributed in the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches. The independent Vatican City-state, on the other hand, came into existence on 11 February 1929 by the Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and Italy, which spoke of it as a new creation, not as a vestige of the much larger Papal States (756\u20131870), which had previously encompassed much of central Italy.\nWithin the Vatican City are religious and cultural sites such as St. Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel, and the Vatican Museums. They feature some of the world's most famous paintings and sculptures. The unique economy of Vatican City is supported financially by the sale of postage stamps and souvenirs, fees for admission to museums, and sales of publications.", "Q1544340": "Mount Fairweather (officially gazetted as Fairweather Mountain in Canada but referred to as Mount Fairweather), is the highest mountain in the Canadian province of British Columbia, with an elevation of 4,671 metres (15,325 ft). It is located 20 km (12 mi) east of the Pacific Ocean on the border of Alaska, United States and western British Columbia, Canada. Most of the mountain lies within Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve in the City and Borough of Yakutat, Alaska (USA), though the summit borders Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Park, British Columbia (Canada). It is also designated as Boundary Peak 164 or as US/Canada Boundary Point #164.The mountain was named on May 3, 1778 by Captain James Cook, apparently for the unusually good weather encountered at the time. The name has been translated into many languages. It was called \"Mt. Beautemps\" by La Perouse (1786, atlas), \"Mte. Buen-tiempo\" by Galiano (1802, map 3), \"Gor[a]-Khoroshy-pogody\" on Russian Hydrographic Dept. Chart 1378 in 1847, and \"G[ora] Fayerveder\" by Captain Tebenkov (1852, map 7), Imperial Russian Navy. It was called \"Sch\u00f6nwetterberg\" by Constantin Grewingk in 1850 and \"Sch\u00f6nwetter Berg\" by Justus Perthes in 1882.Fairweather was first climbed in 1931 by Allen Carp\u00e9 and Terris Moore.", "Q57334": "Demetris Christofias, also spelled Dimitris Christofias (Greek: \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 [\u00f0i\u02c8mit\u027eis x\u027ei\u02c8stof\u00e7as]; 29 August 1946 \u2013 21 June 2019), was a Cypriot politician who served as the sixth President of Cyprus from 2008 to 2013. Christofias was the General Secretary of Akel (Progressive Party of Working People) and was the European Union's and Cyprus' first \u2014 and so far only \u2014 communist head of state. He won the 2008 Cypriot presidential elections in the second round of voting. Throughout the election campaign, he pledged to restart talks with Turkish Cypriots in order to find a solution to the Cyprus dispute and reunify the island. He also supported the closure of the British military bases on Cyprus.", "Q216458": "The Actors Studio is a membership organization for professional actors, theatre directors and playwrights at 432 West 44th Street between Ninth and Tenth Avenues in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It was founded on October 5, 1947, by Elia Kazan, Cheryl Crawford and Robert Lewis, who provided training for actors who were members. Lee Strasberg joined later and took the helm in 1951 until his death on February 17, 1982.\nThe Studio is best known for its work refining and teaching method acting. The approach was originally developed by the Group Theatre in the 1930s based on the innovations of Konstantin Stanislavski. While at the Studio, actors work together to develop their skills in a private environment where they can take risks as performers without the pressure of commercial roles.\nAs of May 2018, the studio's co-presidents are Ellen Burstyn, Alec Baldwin and Al Pacino. The Artistic Director in New York is Beau Gravitte, and the Associate Artistic Director in New York is Estelle Parsons.", "Q153802": "James Milton Campbell Jr. (September 7, 1934 \u2013 August 4, 2005), better known as Little Milton, was an American blues singer and guitarist, best known for his number-one R&B single \"We're Gonna Make It.\" His other hits include \"Baby, I Love You\", \"Who's Cheating Who?\", and \"Grits Ain't Groceries (All Around The World)\". \nA native of the Mississippi Delta, Milton began his recording career in 1953 at Sun Records before relocating to St. Louis and co-founding Bobbin Records in 1958. It wasn't until Milton signed to Checker Records that he achieved success on the charts. Other labels Milton recorded for include Meteor, Stax, Glades, Golden Ear, MCA, and Malaco. Milton was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1988.", "Q60598": "Artur Mayakovich Yusupov (Russian: \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0440 \u041c\u0430\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042e\u0441\u0443\u0301\u043f\u043e\u0432; German: Artur Majakowitsch Jussupow; born February 13, 1960 in Moscow, Soviet Union) is a Russian chess grandmaster and a chess writer. He has lived in Germany since the early 1990s.", "Q1106384": "Douglas Blair Lucek, better known as Doug Blair (born February 11, 1963) is a heavy metal guitarist and member of W.A.S.P. Blair's early development as a musician took place in his home state of Connecticut. His focus on technical ability with the guitar quickly saw him gaining a reputation locally with his early band, Run 21. This band played small club dates in the Tri-State area (NY, NJ, CT) and recorded some original material during that time. One of the songs, \"Baby It's Your Face\" was recorded at Presence Studios in Weston, Connecticut and released on the Metalstorm compilation produced by Jamie Bircumshaw and Tom Boyd in 1985. This early Doug Blair band, Run 21 also included Stet Howland on drums who would later join W.A.S.P., as would Blair. Run 21 was especially known for its outlandish show (compared to other Connecticut acts) that would see Blair jumping up on the bar and playing while running in between glasses and bottles. The act had an element of comedy with drummer Stet Howland's dialogue with the audience. This early \"over the top\" style of performance were precursors to what Blair and Howland would be doing with the internationally known W.A.S.P.\nHe initially played in W.A.S.P. for a short time in 1992. During this time Blair authored a guitar column for Mixx Magazine (later known as Intermixx Webzine) where he gave instruction and advice on the general subject of guitar playing and guitar instruments which he was known to design. He was also a quick replacement during W.A.S.P.'s Unholy Terror Tour in 2001 on two festival gigs when Chris Holmes left the band. In 2006 he was hired by W.A.S.P. for the third time.His other current band is Signal2Noise with percussionist/vocalist John Anthony. Their debut album, Fighting Mental Illness, has seven songs: \"Generica\", \"Contrast\", \"Hear\", \"Disown\", \"Out\", \"Corner\" and a bonus acoustic version of \"Wall\".From time to time, he also appears as a guest musician at gigs of other artists such as Barbe-Q-Barbies.In May 2016 Blair announced an upcoming collaboration with American alternative metal vocalist and musician Melissa VanFleet. In October 2017, VanFleet released \"Raven,\" a single featuring Blair on lead guitar.Blair is known for inventing the innovative instrument \"GuitarCross\" which blend five guitar strings with three bass strings (guitar strings sent to one amplifier, bass strings to another) to make a unique sound. He uses this invention in s2n and also uses a unique 12-string acoustic named \"Asia.\"", "Q130427": "Eddie R\u00e5bock, previously Mohamed Omar, (born June 7, 1976) is a Swedish essayist, poet and literary critic of Swedish-Iranian origin. R\u00e5bock is the author of three collections of poetry. He was the editor of the Muslim journal Minaret from 2006 to 2008.", "Q176472": "William Henry Smith, FRS (24 June 1825 \u2013 6 October 1891) was an English bookseller and newsagent of the family firm W H Smith, who expanded the firm and introduced the practice of selling books and newspapers at railway stations. He was elected a Member of Parliament in 1868 and rose to the position of First Lord of the Admiralty less than ten years thereafter. Because of his lack of naval experience, he was perceived as a model for the character Sir Joseph Porter in H.M.S. Pinafore. In the mid-1880s, he was twice Secretary of State for War, and later First Lord of the Treasury and Leader of the House of Commons, among other posts.", "Q97676": "Joseph Ignatius Ritter (12 April 1787, in Schweinitz, Silesia \u2013 5 January 1857, in Breslau) was a German historian. He pursued his philosophical and theological studies at the University of Breslau, was ordained priest in 1811, and for several years was engaged in pastoral work.\n\n", "Q301656": "Harold Horace Hopkins FRS (6 December 1918 \u2013 22 October 1994) was a British physicist. His Wave Theory of Aberrations, (published by Oxford University Press 1950), is central to all modern optical design and provides the mathematical analysis which enables the use of computers to create the wealth of high quality lenses available today. In addition to his theoretical work, his many inventions are in daily use throughout the world. These include zoom lenses, coherent fibre-optics and more recently the rod-lens endoscopes which 'opened the door' to modern key-hole surgery. He was the recipient of many of the world's most prestigious awards and was twice nominated for a Nobel Prize. His citation on receiving the Rumford Medal from the Royal Society in 1984 stated: \"In recognition of his many contributions to the theory and design of optical instruments, especially of a wide variety of important new medical instruments which have made a major contribution to clinical diagnosis and surgery.\"", "Q91207": "Willi St\u00f6hr (6 November 1903 \u2013 after 1995) was a Nazi Party official.\nBorn in Wuppertal-Elberfeld, he joined the party in 1923.\nIn 1932, St\u00f6hr was nominated as a senior official of the Hitler Youth movement, and in 1933, when the National Socialist movement came to power, he was appointed to an administrative position in Frankfurt, and also adjutant to Jakob Sprenger, Gauleiter (regional party head) of Hesse-Nassau. In 1937, he became head of the party's propaganda organisation in Hesse-Nassau.\nIn October 1944, he was appointed head of the civil administration of German-occupied Lorraine, although the area was already being overrun by the Allied armies. In February 1945, he was nominated Gauleiter of the Gau Westmark, based in Saarbr\u00fccken, and was in charge of the defence of the city, which fell to the Americans on 20 March 1945. After a period of imprisonment, he emigrated to Canada, where he was still living in 1995; his date of death is unknown.", "Q351061": "Ryan Benjamin Tedder (born June 26, 1979) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. As well as being the lead vocalist of the pop rock band OneRepublic, he has an independent career as a songwriter and producer for various artists, including Adele, Anitta, Backstreet Boys, Beyonc\u00e9, Big Time Rush, Camila Cabello, Charlie Puth, Demi Lovato, Ed Sheeran, Foster the People, Hailee Steinfeld, Hilary Duff, Jennifer Lopez, Jonas Brothers, Jordin Sparks, Kelly Clarkson, Leona Lewis, Lil Nas X, Logic, Maroon 5, M\u00d8, One Direction, Paul McCartney, Pink, Selena Gomez, Shawn Mendes, Taylor Swift, U2, Westlife, and Zedd.\nTedder's production and songwriting work has proven commercially successful. \"Apologize\", performed by his band OneRepublic, \"Bleeding Love\", performed by Leona Lewis, and \"Halo\", performed by Beyonc\u00e9, all made it to the list of best-selling singles of all time. In early 2014, Billboard named him \"The Undercover King of Pop\" and featured him on the magazine's cover. He is one of the producers on the reality show Songland. He is a three-time recipient of the Grammy Award for Album of the Year, due to his production credits on Adele's albums 21 and 25, and Taylor Swift's 1989.", "Q213520": "Josef Tal (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05d8\u05dc; September 18, 1910 \u2013 August 25, 2008) was an Israeli composer. He wrote three Hebrew operas; four German operas, dramatic scenes; six symphonies; thirteen concerti; chamber music, including three string quartets; instrumental works; and electronic compositions. He is considered one of the founding fathers of Israeli art music.", "Q616877": "Louny (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8loun\u026a]; German: Laun) is a town in the \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It is situated on the River Oh\u0159e.", "Q3132658": "Sir Henry Yule Braddon (27 April 1863 \u2013 8 September 1955) was an Australian diplomat, businessman and rugby union player who played for Otago, New South Wales and New Zealand. The position he generally played in was fullback. He is listed as the second All Black in playing order.", "Q765133": "John Kemble Tarbox (May 6, 1838 \u2013 May 28, 1887) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.", "Q440445": "Elmer Lee Andersen (June 17, 1909 \u2013 November 15, 2004) was an American businessman, philanthropist, and the 30th Governor of Minnesota, serving a single term from January 2, 1961, to March 25, 1963, as a Republican.", "Q287427": "Jean-Yves Berteloot (born 27 August 1958) is a French actor.", "Q215145": "Max Tau was a German-Norwegian writer, editor, and publisher.\nTau grew up in an environment characterized by what he later termed the \"Jewish-German\" symbiosis, in a Jewish household heavily influenced by the Jewish enlightenment. He studied literature, art history, philosophy, and psychology at universities in Berlin, Hamburg, and Kiel. He earned his doctorate at the University of Kiel, defending a dissertation on the German writer Theodor Fontane. Tau emigrated to Norway and during the Nazi-German occupation of Norway, he was a refugee in Sweden and returned to Norway after the war. He was noted for his contribution to promoting literary exchange between Germany and Norway, especially in the context of reconciliation after World War II.", "Q366801": "Gustaf Fr\u00f6ding (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u0275\u0302s\u02d0tav \u02c8fr\u00f8\u0302\u02d0d\u026a\u014b] (listen); 22 August 1860 \u2013 8 February 1911) was a Swedish poet and writer, born in Alster outside Karlstad in V\u00e4rmland. The family moved to Kristinehamn in the year 1867. He later studied at Uppsala University and worked as a journalist in Karlstad.", "Q764239": "August Blanche (17 September 1811 \u2013 30 November 1868) was a Swedish journalist, novelist, and politician.", "Q1741280": "Kilian Hennessy (French pronunciation: \u200b[kilj\u0251\u0303 \u025bn\u025bsi]; 19 February 1907 \u2013 1 October 2010) was a French business magnate of Irish origin, and patriarch of the Hennessy cognac company.Kilian Hennessy, the son of Jean Hennessy and Marguerite de Mun, was a direct, fifth generation descendant of Richard Hennessy, who founded Hennessy in 1765. He became the CEO of Hennessy during the 1970s and spearheaded the 1971 merger with the Mo\u00ebt et Chandon champagne company. The merger resulted in the creation of Mo\u00ebt Hennessy, which in turn became a part of the new LVMH in 1987, becoming Mo\u00ebt-Hennessy \u2022 Louis Vuitton. Hennessy remained a member of the luxury group's advisory board until his death in 2010.", "Q682970": "Robert Aitken \"Bob\" Rushworth (October 9, 1924 \u2013 March 18, 1993) was an American United States Air Force major general, World War II, Korean War and Vietnam War pilot, mechanical and aeronautical engineer, and test pilot. He was one of twelve pilots who flew the North American X-15, an experimental spaceplane jointly operated by the Air Force and NASA. He flew 34 of the program's 199 flights, more than any other pilot.\nOn June 27, 1963, he flew the X-15 to an altitude above 50 miles, thereby qualifying as an astronaut according to the United States definition of the boundary of space. However, this altitude did not surpass the K\u00e1rm\u00e1n line, the internationally accepted boundary of 100 kilometers (62 miles).\n\n", "Q116392": "Christian L\u00fcscher (born 6 December 1963) is a Swiss attorney and politician of FDP.The Liberals (Parti liberal suisse), representing the Canton of Geneva in the National Council. He stood for election to the Swiss Federal Council on 16 September 2009.\nBorn in Geneva, L\u00fcscher served in the municipal parliament of Troinex as a member of the Liberal Party from 1999 to 2003. From 2001 to 2007, he was a member of the cantonal parliament of Geneva. In 2007, he was elected to the National Council, where he serves on the Legal Committee, the Redaction Committee and the Judicial Committee.", "Q91213": "Kurt Freiherr von Schr\u00f6der (24 November 1889 in Hamburg, Germany \u2013 4 November 1966) was a German nobleman, financier and SS-Brigadef\u00fchrer. He is most famous for hosting the negotiations between members of Paul von Hindenburg's camarilla, Franz von Papen and Adolf Hitler in order to form a government after the German federal election of November 1932.", "Q1733": "Magdeburg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8makd\u0259b\u028a\u0250\u032fk] (listen); Low Saxon: Meideborg, [\u02c8ma\u02d1\u026adeb\u0254\u0250\u032fx]) is the capital city and the second largest city of the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the Elbe River.\nOtto I, the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of the archbishopric of Magdeburg, was buried in the town's cathedral after his death. Magdeburg's version of German town law, known as Magdeburg rights, spread throughout Central and Eastern Europe. Until 1631, Magdeburg was one of the largest and most prosperous German cities and a notable member of the Hanseatic League.\nMagdeburg has been destroyed twice in its history. The Catholic League sacked Magdeburg in 1631, resulting in the death of 25,000 non-combatants, the largest loss of the Thirty Years' War. Allies bombed the city in 1945, destroying much of it.\nMagdeburg is the site of two universities, the Otto-von-Guericke University and the Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences.Magdeburg is situated on autobahn route 2, and hence is at the connection point of the East (Berlin and beyond) with the West of Europe, as well as the North and South of Germany. As a modern manufacturing center, the production of chemical products, steel, paper, and textiles are of particular economic significance, along with mechanical engineering and plant engineering, ecotechnology and life-cycle management, health management and logistics.\nIn 2005 Magdeburg celebrated its 1200th anniversary. In June 2013 Magdeburg was hit by record breaking flooding.", "Q170017": "\u00c6thelstan or Athelstan (; Old English: \u00c6\u00feelstan or \u00c6\u00f0elst\u0101n; Old Norse: A\u00f0alsteinn meaning \"noble stone\"; c. 894 \u2013 27 October 939) was King of the Anglo-Saxons from 924 to 927 and King of the English from 927 to 939 when he died. He was the son of King Edward the Elder and his first wife, Ecgwynn. Modern historians regard him as the first King of England and one of the greatest Anglo-Saxon kings. He never married and had no children. He was succeeded by his half-brother, Edmund.\nWhen Edward died in July 924, \u00c6thelstan was accepted by the Mercians as king. His half-brother \u00c6lfweard may have been recognised as king in Wessex, but died within three weeks of their father's death. \u00c6thelstan encountered resistance in Wessex for several months, and was not crowned until September 925. In 927 he conquered the last remaining Viking kingdom, York, making him the first Anglo-Saxon ruler of the whole of England. In 934 he invaded Scotland and forced Constantine II to submit to him, but \u00c6thelstan's rule was resented by the Scots and Vikings, and in 937 they invaded England. \u00c6thelstan defeated them at the Battle of Brunanburh, a victory which gave him great prestige both in the British Isles and on the Continent. After his death in 939 the Vikings seized back control of York, and it was not finally reconquered until 954.\n\u00c6thelstan centralised government; he increased control over the production of charters and summoned leading figures from distant areas to his councils. These meetings were also attended by rulers from outside his territory, especially Welsh kings, who thus acknowledged his overlordship. More legal texts survive from his reign than from any other 10th-century English king. They show his concern about widespread robberies, and the threat they posed to social order. His legal reforms built on those of his grandfather, Alfred the Great. \u00c6thelstan was one of the most pious West Saxon kings, and was known for collecting relics and founding churches. His household was the centre of English learning during his reign, and it laid the foundation for the Benedictine monastic reform later in the century. No other West Saxon king played as important a role in European politics as \u00c6thelstan, and he arranged the marriages of several of his sisters to continental rulers.", "Q775334": "Jeanne Sagan (born January 11, 1979 in Springfield, Massachusetts) is an American musician. She is the bassist and backing vocalist for the heavy metal band Crossing Rubicon, but is best known as the former bassist and backing vocalist for the heavy metal-metalcore band All That Remains from 2006 to 2015. Before joining All That Remains, she was bassist in the band The Acacia Strain in 2003. In 2006, she was asked to join All That Remains after bassist Matt Deis left the band. She originally worked merchandise tables for Prosthetic Records.\nAs of November 2012, Sagan plays a black cherry Spector Legend 4 Classic four-string bass with EMG 35DC active pickups, and Ampeg SVT bass amplifiers. She is a former Ibanez player, using both Soundgear 4-strings and an ARTB100 four-string, the latter of which can be seen in the music video for the song \"Hold On\" from the album For We Are Many. She uses Orange amplifiers and Omega speaker cabinets.\nIn October 2015, Sagan announced her amicable departure from All That Remains in order to pursue personal interests. She was replaced by Aaron \"Bubble\" Patrick, formerly of the band Bury Your Dead.\nShe currently plays bass/backing vocals in Crossing Rubicon, and as of 2017, is recording a brand new album with the band, who is also fronted by her husband, Scotty Anarchy.", "Q3246613": "Ronald F. Hagerthy (born March 9, 1932) is a former American actor known primarily for his guest-starring and supporting roles on television westerns. In 1952, he portrayed Clipper King in the modern western series, Sky King, with Kirby Grant in the title role of Clipper's uncle, Schuyler \"Sky\" King, pilot of the private airplane known as the Songbird. Gloria Winters also starred as Sky King's niece, Penny King.", "Q1816925": "An Pierl\u00e9 (born An Miel Mia Pierl\u00e9 on 13 December 1974) is a Belgian pianist and singer-songwriter.", "Q106181": "Robert Miles Sloman (23 October 1783, Great Yarmouth - 2 January 1867, Hamburg) was an English-German shipbuilder and ship owner.", "Q81000": "Richard II (6 January 1367 \u2013 c. 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard's father Edward, Prince of Wales, died in 1376, leaving Richard as heir apparent to his grandfather, King Edward III. Upon the death of Edward III, the 10-year-old Richard succeeded to the throne.\nDuring Richard's first years as king, government was in the hands of a series of regency councils, influenced by Richard's uncles John of Gaunt and Thomas of Woodstock. England then faced various problems, most notably the Hundred Years' War. A major challenge of the reign was the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, and the young king played a central part in the successful suppression of this crisis. Less warlike than either his father or grandfather, he sought to bring an end to the Hundred Years' War. A firm believer in the royal prerogative, Richard restrained the power of the aristocracy and relied on a private retinue for military protection instead. In contrast to his grandfather, Richard cultivated a refined atmosphere at court, in which the king was an elevated figure, with art and culture at its centre.\nThe king's dependence on a small number of courtiers caused discontent among the influential, and in 1387 control of government was taken over by a group of aristocrats known as the Lords Appellant. By 1389 Richard had regained control, and for the next eight years governed in relative harmony with his former opponents. In 1397, he took his revenge on the Appellants, many of whom were executed or exiled. The next two years have been described by historians as Richard's \"tyranny\". In 1399, after John of Gaunt died, the king disinherited Gaunt's son, Henry Bolingbroke, who had previously been exiled. Henry invaded England in June 1399 with a small force that quickly grew in numbers. Meeting little resistance, he deposed Richard and had himself crowned king. Richard is thought to have been starved to death in captivity, although questions remain regarding his final fate.\nRichard's posthumous reputation has been shaped to a large extent by William Shakespeare, whose play Richard II portrayed Richard's misrule and his deposition as responsible for the 15th-century Wars of the Roses. Modern historians do not accept this interpretation, while not exonerating Richard from responsibility for his own deposition. While probably not insane, as historians of the 19th and 20th centuries believed, he may have had a personality disorder, particularly manifesting itself towards the end of his reign. Most authorities agree that his policies were not unrealistic or even entirely unprecedented, but that the way in which he carried them out was unacceptable to the political establishment, leading to his downfall.", "Q4685408": "Adrian Vallarino (born July 19, 1968) is an Uruguayan television and film, producer and director, journalist and cinematographer. Adrian Vallarino's career started at the early age of 12 during the 1980 Mundialito where he worked as a cameraman assistant. In 2004 and 2005 Adrian Vallarino produced and directed the controversial Fear Factor-like series Gana la Verde for Liberman Broadcasting in Los Angeles, where winning contestants were promised legal representation to help them pursue a Green Card. During his long career Adrian Vallarino has been awarded multiple awards and recognitions.", "Q1592074": "Lafayette College is a private liberal arts college based in Easton, Pennsylvania, with a small satellite campus in New York City. Founded in 1826 by James Madison Porter and other citizens in Easton, the school first held classes in 1832. The founders voted to name the school after General Lafayette, a hero of the American Revolution who famously toured the country in 1824\u201325, as \"a testimony of respect for [his] talents, virtues, and signal services... in the great cause of freedom\".Lafayette is considered a Hidden Ivy as well as one of the northeastern Little Ivies.Located on College Hill in Easton, the campus is in the Lehigh Valley, about 70 mi (110 km) west of New York City and 60 mi (97 km) north of Philadelphia. Lafayette College guarantees campus housing to all enrolled students. The school requires students to live in campus housing unless approved for residing in private off-campus housing, or at home as a commuter.The student body, consisting entirely of undergraduates, comes from 46 U.S. states and territories and nearly 60 countries. Students at Lafayette have access to more than 250 clubs and organizations, including athletics, fraternities and sororities, special interest groups, community service clubs, and honor societies. Lafayette College's athletic program is notable for The Rivalry with nearby Lehigh University. Since 1884, the two football teams have met 155 times, making it the most played rivalry in the history of college football.", "Q1124657": "Bar-Ilan University (BIU, Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05e1\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea \u05d1\u05e8-\u05d0\u05d9\u05dc\u05df\u200e, Universitat Bar-Ilan) is a public research university in the city of Ramat Gan in the Tel Aviv District, Israel. Established in 1955, Bar Ilan is Israel's second-largest academic institution. It has 18,000 students and 1,350 faculty members.\nThe university aims to \"blend tradition with modern technologies and scholarship, and teach the compelling ethics of Jewish heritage to all \u2026 to synthesize the ancient and modern, the sacred and the material, the spiritual and the scientific\".", "Q1202628": "JVCKenwood Victor Entertainment Corporation (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793eJVC\u30b1\u30f3\u30a6\u30c3\u30c9\u30fb\u30d3\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30c6\u30a4\u30f3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8, Kabushiki-gaisha JeiBuiSh\u012bKenuddo Bikut\u0101 Entateinmento) is a subsidiary of JVC Kenwood that produces and distributes music, movies and other entertainment products such as anime and television shows in Japan. It is known as JVC Entertainment in countries where Sony Music Entertainment operates the RCA Victor label.", "Q904842": "Morandi is a Romanian eurodance music group composed of Randi (Andrei Ropcea) and Marius Moga. \nMorandi became a dance legend over a decade ago and was listened in over 20 countries, performed all around Eastern Europe and received numerous awards. They had 8 #1 singles (local and/or International airplay charts); Reverse, their debut album, was sold in over 2 million copies; 2 nominations at the MTV Europe Music Awards for Best Romanian Act (in 2005 and 2006) and the trophy in 2008; Their hit, Angels, was the most downloaded digital song of that time in Russia & Ukraine (more than 2 million downloads) and peaked at #16 of the official French music chart.\n\n", "Q3369182": "August Konow (19 October 1780 \u2013 9 April 1873) was a Norwegian businessman and politician from Bergen.", "Q164062": "Maurice of Orange (Dutch: Maurits van Oranje; German: Moritz von Oranien; 14 November 1567 \u2013 23 April 1625) was stadtholder of all the provinces of the Dutch Republic except for Friesland from 1585 at the earliest until his death in 1625. Before he became Prince of Orange upon the death of his eldest half-brother Philip William in 1618, he was known as Maurice of Nassau.\nMaurice spent his youth in Dillenburg in Nassau, and studied in Heidelberg and Leiden. He succeeded his father William the Silent as stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland in 1585, and became stadtholder of Utrecht, Guelders and Overijssel in 1590, and of Groningen in 1620. As Captain-General and Admiral of the Union, Maurice organized the Dutch rebellion against Spain into a coherent, successful revolt and won fame as a military strategist. Under his leadership and in cooperation with the Land's Advocate of Holland Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, the Dutch States Army achieved many victories and drove the Spaniards out of the north and east of the Republic. Maurice set out to revive and revise the classical doctrines of Vegetius and pioneered the new European forms of armament and drill. During the Twelve Years' Truce, a religious dispute broke out in the Republic, and a conflict erupted between Maurice and Van Oldenbarnevelt, which ended with the latter's decapitation. After the Truce, Maurice failed to achieve more military victories. He died without legitimate children in The Hague in 1625 and was succeeded by his younger half-brother Frederick Henry.", "Q18437": "And the Ship Sails On (Italian: E la nave va) is a 1983 Italian film directed and co-written by Federico Fellini. It depicts the events on board a luxury liner filled with the friends of a deceased opera singer who have gathered to mourn her. The film was selected as the Italian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 56th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "Q486562": "Helmstedt (German pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u025blm\u02cc\u0283t\u025bt]) is a town on the eastern edge of the German state of Lower Saxony. It is the capital of the District of Helmstedt. The historic university and Hanseatic city conserves an important monumental heritage of Romanesque and Renaissance buildings, as well as numerous timber framed houses. During the German partition the nearby Bundesautobahn 2 was the site of the Helmstedt\u2013Marienborn border crossing, the most important on the former inner German border as starting point of the shortest land route between West Germany and West Berlin.", "Q223": "Greenland (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaat, pronounced [kala\u02d0\u026cit nuna\u02d0t]; Danish: Gr\u00f8nland, pronounced [\u02c8k\u0281\u0276n\u02ccl\u00e6n\u02c0]) is the world's largest island, located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors migrated from Alaska through Northern Canada, gradually settling across the island by the 13th century.Nowadays, the population is largely concentrated on the southwest coast, while the rest of the island is sparsely populated. Greenland is divided into five municipalities \u2014 Sermersooq, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, and Avannaata. It has two unincorporated areas \u2014 the Northeast Greenland National Park and the Thule Air Base. The last one, even if under Danish control, is administered by the United States Air Force. Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of 56,081 (2020), it is the least densely populated territory in the world. About a third of the population lives in Nuuk, the capital and largest city. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements.\nGreenland has been inhabited at intervals over at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, having previously settled Iceland. These Norsemen would later set sail from Greenland and Iceland, with Leif Erikson becoming the first known European to reach North America nearly 500 years before Columbus reached the Caribbean islands. Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. Though under continuous influence of Norway and Norwegians, Greenland was not formally under the Norwegian crown until 1261. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th century when Norway was hit by the Black Death and entered a severe decline. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it Terra do Lavrador (later applied to Labrador in Canada).In the early 18th century, Danish explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark\u2013Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island. Because of Norway's weak status, it lost sovereignty over Greenland in 1814 when the union was dissolved. Greenland became Danish in 1814, and was fully integrated in the Danish state in 1953 under the Constitution of Denmark. In 1973, Greenland joined the European Economic Community with Denmark. However, in a referendum in 1982, a majority of the population voted for Greenland to withdraw from the EEC, which was effected in 1985. Greenland contains the world's largest and most northerly national park, Northeast Greenland National Park (Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq). Established in 1974, and expanded to its present size in 1988, it protects 972,001 square kilometres (375,292 sq mi) of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is bigger than all but twenty-nine countries in the world.\nIn 1979, Denmark granted home rule to Greenland; in 2008, Greenlanders voted in favor of the Self-Government Act, which transferred more power from the Danish government to the local Greenlandic government. Under the new structure, in effect since 21 June 2009, Greenland can gradually assume responsibility for policing, judicial system, company law, accounting, and auditing; mineral resource activities; aviation; law of legal capacity, family law and succession law; aliens and border controls; the working environment; and financial regulation and supervision, while the Danish government retains control of foreign affairs and defence. It also retains control of monetary policy, providing an initial annual subsidy of DKK 3.4 billion, which is planned to diminish gradually over time. Greenland expects to grow its economy based on increased income from the extraction of natural resources. The capital, Nuuk, held the 2016 Arctic Winter Games. At 70%, Greenland has one of the highest shares of renewable energy in the world, mostly coming from hydropower.", "Q3629023": "EMI Records Limited (EMI Records Ltd.), also known as EMI United Kingdom between 1993 and 1998, was a British record label founded by the music company of the same name in 1972 as its flagship label, and launched in January 1973 as the successor to its Columbia and Parlophone record labels. The label was later launched worldwide. It has a branch in India called \"EMI Records India\", run by director Mohit Suri.", "Q124446": "Michele Angelo Besso (Riesbach, 25 May 1873 \u2013 Geneva, 15 March 1955) was a Swiss/Italian engineer.Besso was born in Riesbach from a family of Italian Jewish (Sephardi) descent. He was a close friend of Albert Einstein during his years at the Federal Polytechnic Institute in Zurich, today the ETH Zurich, and then at the patent office in Bern, where he helped Einstein get a job. Besso is credited with introducing Einstein to the works of Ernst Mach, the sceptical critic of physics who influenced Einstein's approach to the discipline. Einstein called Besso \u201cthe best sounding board in Europe\u201d for scientific ideas. In Einstein's original paper on Special Relativity, he ended the paper stating, \u201cIn conclusion, let me note that my friend and colleague M. Besso steadfastly stood by me in my work on the problem here discussed, and that I am indebted to him for many a valuable suggestion.\u201dBesso died in Geneva, aged 81. In a letter of condolence to the Besso family, Albert Einstein wrote \u201cNow he has departed from this strange world a little ahead of me. That means nothing. For us believing physicists the distinction between past, present, and future only has the meaning of an illusion, though a persistent one.\u201d Einstein died one month and 3 days after his friend, on 18 April 1955.", "Q914489": "Magma is a French progressive rock band founded in Paris in 1969 by classically trained drummer Christian Vander, who claimed as his inspiration a \"vision of humanity's spiritual and ecological future\" that profoundly disturbed him. In the course of their first album, the band tells the story of a group of people fleeing a doomed Earth to settle on the planet Koba\u00efa. Later, conflict arises when the Koba\u00efans\u2014descendants of the original colonists\u2014encounter other Earth refugees.\nVander invented a constructed language, Koba\u00efan, in which most lyrics are sung. In a 1977 interview with Vander and long-time Magma vocalist Klaus Blasquiz, Blasquiz said that Koba\u00efan is a \"phonetic language made by elements of the Slavonic and Germanic languages to be able to express some things musically. The language has of course a content, but not word by word.\" Vander himself has said, \"When I wrote, the sounds [of Koba\u00efan] came naturally with it\u2014I didn't intellectualise the process by saying 'Ok, now I'm going to write some words in a particular language', it was really sounds that were coming at the same time as the music.\" Later albums tell different stories set in more ancient times; however, the Koba\u00efan language remains an integral part of the music.\nIn 1986, the French label Seventh Records was founded to (re-)publish Magma's and Vander's work. Over the years, Seventh has also released albums by related artists such as Stella Vander, Patrick Gauthier and Collectif Mu.", "Q397146": "\u0218tefan Petic\u0103 (Romanian pronunciation: [\u0283te\u02c8fan \u02c8petik\u0259]; January 20, 1877\u2013October 17, 1904) was a Romanian Symbolist poet, prose writer, playwright, journalist and socialist activist. Born in the countryside of Tecuci, he early displayed a voracious appetite for literature and philosophy. After high school, he made his way to the national capital Bucharest, where university studies soon gave way to low-paid newspaper work. Petic\u0103 published one volume of poetry before his premature death, and left his mark as one of the first exponents of the domestic Symbolist movement.", "Q1628544": "Baltic State Technical University \"Voenmeh\" D.F. Ustinov (Russian: \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \"\u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043c\u0435\u0445\" \u0438\u043c. \u0414.\u0424.\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430; abbreviated BGTU) is a Russian technical university situated in Saint Petersburg. Previously it was known as the Leningrad Mechanical Institute (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442) and Military Mechanical Institute (Russian: \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442).", "Q57320": "Frederick Augustus III (German: Friedrich August III.; 25 May 1865 \u2013 18 February 1932) was the last King of Saxony (1904\u20131918) and a member of the House of Wettin. Born in Dresden, Frederick Augustus was the eldest son of King George of Saxony and his wife, Maria Anna of Portugal.\nFrederick Augustus served in the Royal Saxon Army before becoming king, and later was promoted to Generalfeldmarschall. Though well-loved by his subjects, he voluntarily abdicated as king on 13 November 1918, after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I. He died in Sibyllenort (now Szczodre) in Lower Silesia and was buried in Dresden.", "Q201656": "Nicholas Jerry Jonas (born September 16, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter and actor. Jonas began acting in theater at the age of seven, and released his debut single in 2002 which caught the attention of Columbia Records where Jonas formed a band with his older brothers, Joe and Kevin, known as the Jonas Brothers. The group released their debut studio album It's About Time through the Columbia label in 2006. After leaving Columbia Records and signing with Hollywood Records, the group released their self-titled second studio album in 2007, which became their breakthrough record. The band became prominent figures on the Disney Channel during this time, gaining a large following through the network and they appeared in the widely successful musical television film Camp Rock (2008) and its sequel Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam (2010) as well as two of their own series, Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream (2008\u20132010) and Jonas (2009\u20132010).\nThe band's third studio album, A Little Bit Longer (2008), saw continued commercial success for the group; the album's lead single \"Burnin' Up\" hit the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Following the release of their fourth studio album, Lines, Vines and Trying Times (2009), the Jonas Brothers confirmed a hiatus. Nick formed a new band known as Nick Jonas & the Administration, who released the album Who I Am in 2010. Afterward, Jonas shifted his focus to acting and had a recurring role on the television series Smash.\nAfter the group's official disbandment in 2013, Jonas began work on his second solo studio album, signing with Island Records and releasing Nick Jonas through the label in 2014, which saw the commercial success of the single \"Jealous\". Jonas later co-founded Safehouse Records, a record label in conjunction with the Island and Hollywood labels. His third studio album Last Year Was Complicated (2016) peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States. Following the release, Jonas won the Songwriters Hall of Fame's Hal David Starlight Award in 2016. In 2017, Jonas appeared in the adventure comedy film Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle, which became the fifth highest-grossing film of the year. Jonas is married to Indian actress and singer Priyanka Chopra.", "Q247603": "Z\u00e9nobe Th\u00e9ophile Gramme (4 April 1826 \u2013 20 January 1901) was a Belgian electrical engineer. He was born at Jehay-Bodegn\u00e9e on 4 April 1826, the sixth child of Mathieu-Joseph Gramme, and died at Bois-Colombes on 20 January 1901. He invented the Gramme machine, a type of direct current dynamo capable of generating smoother (less AC) and much higher voltages than the dynamos known to that point.", "Q188974": "Pedro Eugenio Aramburu Silveti (May 21, 1903 \u2013 June 1, 1970) was an Argentine Army general. He was a major figure behind the Revoluci\u00f3n Libertadora, the military coup against Juan Per\u00f3n in 1955. He became President of Argentina from November 13, 1955 to May 1, 1958. He was kidnapped by the radical organization Montoneros on May 29, 1970 and murdered, allegedly in retaliation for the June 1956 execution of General Juan Jos\u00e9 Valle, an army officer associated with the Peronist movement, and 26 Peronist militants after a botched attempt to overthrow his regime.", "Q221586": "Mystic River is a 2003 American neo-noir mystery drama film directed and scored by Clint Eastwood. It stars Sean Penn, Tim Robbins, Kevin Bacon, Laurence Fishburne, Marcia Gay Harden, and Laura Linney. The screenplay, written by Brian Helgeland, was based on the novel of the same name by Dennis Lehane. The film was produced by Robert Lorenz, Judie G. Hoyt, and Eastwood. It is the first film in which Eastwood was credited as composer of the score.\nThe film was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor for Penn, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Supporting Actress for Harden, and Best Supporting Actor for Robbins. Penn and Robbins won in their respective categories, making Mystic River the first film to win both awards since Ben-Hur in 1959.\n\n", "Q57446": "Pranab Mukherjee (born 11 December 1935) is an Indian politician who served as the 13th President of India from 2012 until 2017. In a political career spanning five decades, Mukherjee has been a senior leader in the Indian National Congress and has occupied several ministerial portfolios in the Government of India. Prior to his election as President, Mukherjee was Union Finance Minister from 2009 to 2012. He was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna in 2019 by the President of India, Ram Nath Kovind.\nMukherjee got his break in politics in 1969 when the Then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi helped him get elected to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of Parliament of India, on a Congress ticket. Following a meteoric rise, he became one of Gandhi's most trusted lieutenants and a minister in her cabinet in 1973. During the controversial Internal Emergency of 1975\u201377, he was accused (like several other Congress leaders) of committing gross excesses. Mukherjee's service in a number of ministerial capacities culminated in his first stint as Finance Minister of India in 1982\u201384. He was also the Leader of the House in the Rajya Sabha from 1980 to 1985.\nMukherjee was sidelined from the Congress during the premiership of Rajiv Gandhi (Indira Gandhi's son). Mukherjee had viewed himself and not the inexperienced Rajiv, as the rightful successor to Indira following her assassination in 1984. Mukherjee lost out in the ensuing power struggle. He formed his own party, the Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress, which merged with the Congress in 1989 after reaching a consensus with Rajiv Gandhi. After Rajiv Gandhi's assassination in 1991, Mukherjee's political career revived when Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao appointed him Planning Commission head in 1991 and foreign minister in 1995. Following this, as elder statesman of the Congress, Mukherjee was the principal and architect of Sonia Gandhi's ascension to the party's presidency in 1998.\nWhen the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) came into power in 2004, Mukherjee won a Lok Sabha seat (the popularly elected lower house of Parliament) seat for the first time. \nFrom then until his resignation in 2012, Mukherjee was practically number-two in Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's government. He held a number of key cabinet portfolios\u2014Defence (2004\u201306), External Affairs (2006\u201309) and Finance (2009\u201312)\u2014apart from heading several Groups of Ministers (GoMs) and being Leader of the House in the Lok Sabha. After securing the UPA's nomination for the country's presidency in July 2012, Mukherjee comfortably defeated P. A. Sangma in the race to Rashtrapati Bhavan, winning 70 percent of the electoral-college vote.\nIn 2017, Mukherjee decided not to run for re-election and to retire from politics after leaving the presidency due to \"health complications relating to old age\". His term expired on 25 July 2017. He was succeeded as President by Ram Nath Kovind. In June 2018 Mukherjee became first former President of India to address a Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) event.", "Q83171": "Alexander II (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 II \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447, tr. Aleksandr II Nikolayevich, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr ft\u0250\u02c8roj n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255]; 29 April 1818 \u2013 13 March 1881) was the emperor of Russia from 2 March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881. He was also the king of Poland and the grand duke of Finland.Alexander's most significant reform as emperor was emancipation of Russia's serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, tr. Aleksandr Osvoboditel, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr \u0250sv\u0259b\u0250\u02c8d\u02b2it\u02b2\u026al\u02b2]). The tsar was responsible for other reforms, including reorganizing the judicial system, setting up elected local judges, abolishing corporal punishment, promoting local self-government through the zemstvo system, imposing universal military service, ending some privileges of the nobility, and promoting university education. After an assassination attempt in 1866, Alexander adopted a somewhat more reactionary stance until his death.Alexander pivoted towards foreign policy and sold Alaska to the United States in 1867, fearing the remote colony would fall into British hands if there were another war. He sought peace, moved away from bellicose France when Napoleon III fell in 1871, and in 1872 joined with Germany and Austria in the League of the Three Emperors that stabilized the European situation. Despite his otherwise pacifist foreign policy, he fought a brief war with the Ottoman Empire in 1877\u201378, pursued further expansion into Siberia and the Caucasus, and conquered Turkestan. Although disappointed by the results of the Congress of Berlin in 1878, Alexander abided by that agreement. Among his greatest domestic challenges was an uprising in Poland in 1863, to which he responded by stripping that land of its separate constitution and incorporating it directly into Russia. Alexander was proposing additional parliamentary reforms to counter the rise of nascent revolutionary and anarchistic movements when he was assassinated in 1881.", "Q134133": "Tommy Flanagan (born 3 July 1965) is a Scottish actor. He is best known for his role as Filip \"Chibs\" Telford in the FX crime drama television series Sons of Anarchy (2008\u20132014) and its spin-off Mayans M.C. (2019).", "Q67585": "M\u00fcnchringen is a former municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of M\u00fcnchringen and Scheunen merged into the municipality of Jegenstorf.", "Q622278": "William Paul Gottlieb (January 28, 1917 \u2013 April 23, 2006) was an American photographer and newspaper columnist who is best known for his classic photographs of the leading performers of the \"Golden Age\" of American jazz in the 1930s and 1940s. Gottlieb's photographs are among the best known and widely reproduced images of this era of jazz.During the course of his career, Gottlieb took portraits of hundreds of prominent jazz musicians and personalities, typically while they were playing or singing at well-known New York City jazz clubs. Well-known musicians Gottlieb photographed included Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Billie Holiday, Dizzy Gillespie, Earl Hines, Jo Stafford, Thelonious Monk, Stan Kenton, Ray McKinley, Benny Goodman, Coleman Hawkins, Louis Jordan, Ella Fitzgerald, Toots Thielemans, and Benny Carter.\n\n", "Q76488": "Anna of Saxony (23 December 1544 \u2013 18 December 1577) was the heiress of Maurice, Elector of Saxony, and Agnes, eldest daughter of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. Maurice's only son, Albert, died in infancy. Anna was the second wife of William the Silent.Anna was born and died in Dresden. Her wealth drew many suitors; before the proposal of Orange in 1560, there were negotiations with the Swedish royal house. She accepted the suit of William I of Orange, and they were married on 25 August 1561.", "Q322925": "James Oscar McKinsey (June 4, 1889 \u2013 November 30, 1937) was an American accountant, management consultant, professor of accounting at the University of Chicago, and founder of McKinsey & Company.", "Q718682": "Larry Stewart (April 1, 1948 \u2013 January 12, 2007) was an American philanthropist from Kansas City better known as \"Kansas City's Secret Santa.\" After poor beginnings, Stewart \u2014 from 1979 through 2006 \u2014 made a practice of anonymously handing out small amounts of cash, typically in the form of hundred-dollar bills, to needy people.", "Q220698": "Ronald Perlman (born April 13, 1950) is an American actor and voice actor. He played the role of Vincent on the television series Beauty and the Beast (1987\u20131990), for which he won a Golden Globe Award, the comic book character Hellboy in both Hellboy (2004) and its sequel Hellboy II: The Golden Army (2008), and Clay Morrow on the television series Sons of Anarchy (2008\u20132013).\nPerlman is also known as a collaborator of Hellboy director Guillermo del Toro, having roles in the del Toro films Cronos (1993), Blade II (2002), and Pacific Rim (2013). He is also known for his voice-over work as the narrator of the post-apocalyptic game series Fallout, Clayface in the DC Animated Universe, Slade in the animated series Teen Titans, The Lich in Adventure Time, Xibalba in The Book of Life, and the Stabbington brothers in Disney's Tangled (2010).", "Q381042": "Sweyn III Grathe (Danish: Svend III Grathe) (c.\u20091125 \u2013 23 October 1157) was the King of Denmark between 1146 and 1157, in shifting alliances with Canute V and his own cousin Valdemar I. In 1157, the three agreed a tripartition of Denmark. Sweyn attempted to kill his rivals at the peace banquet, and was subsequently defeated by Valdemar I at the Battle of Grathe Heath and killed.", "Q327685": "The Karate Kid (known as The Kung Fu Dream in China) is a 2010 martial arts drama film directed by Harald Zwart, and part of The Karate Kid series. It stars Jaden Smith and Jackie Chan in lead roles, and it was produced by Jerry Weintraub, James Lassiter, Ken Stovitz and Jaden's parents Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith. The plot concerns 12-year-old Dre Parker (Jaden Smith) from Detroit, Michigan who moves to Beijing, China with his mother (Taraji P. Henson) and runs afoul of the neighborhood bully (Zhenwei Wang). He makes an unlikely ally in the form of an aging maintenance man, Mr. Han (Chan), a kung fu master who teaches him the secrets of self-defense. The screenplay by Christopher Murphey was from the story written by Robert Mark Kamen for the original The Karate Kid. Unlike the original, this remake is set in China, and features Kung Fu instead of Japanese-Okinawan Karate. The film's music was composed by James Horner. It is an international co-production between China, Hong Kong, and the United States.\nPrincipal photography took place in Beijing, China, and filming began in July 2009 and ended on October 16, 2009. The Karate Kid was released theatrically worldwide on June 11, 2010, by Sony Pictures. The film earned $359 million on a $40 million budget.\n\n", "Q318475": "Randall Stuart Newman (born November 28, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter, arranger, and composer known for his Southern-affected singing style, early Americana-influenced songs (often with mordant or satirical lyrics), and various film scores. His best-known songs as a recording artist are \"Short People\" (1977), \"I Love L.A.\" (1983), and \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" (1995), while other artists have enjoyed more success with cover versions of his \"Mama Told Me Not to Come\" (1966) and \"I Think It's Going to Rain Today\" (1968).\nBorn in Los Angeles to an extended family of Hollywood film composers, Newman began his songwriting career at age 17, penning hits for acts such as the Fleetwoods, Cilla Black, Gene Pitney, and the Alan Price Set. In 1968, he made his formal debut as a solo artist with the album Randy Newman, produced by Lenny Waronker and Van Dyke Parks. Four of Newman's non-soundtrack albums have charted in the US top 40: Sail Away (1972), Good Old Boys (1974), Little Criminals (1977), and Harps and Angels (2008).\nSince the 1980s, Newman has worked mostly as a film composer. He has scored nine Disney-Pixar animated films, including all four Toy Story films (1995\u20132019), A Bug's Life (1998), Monsters, Inc. (2001); Cars (2006), as well as Disney's James and the Giant Peach (1996) and The Princess and the Frog (2009). His other film scores include Ragtime (1981), The Natural (1984), Pleasantville (1998), Meet the Parents (2000), Seabiscuit (2003), and Marriage Story (2019).\nNewman has received twenty-two Academy Award nominations in the Best Original Score and Best Original Song categories and has won twice in the latter category, contributing to the Newmans being the most nominated Academy Award extended family, with a collective 92 nominations in various music categories. He has also won three Emmys, seven Grammy Awards and the Governor's Award from the Recording Academy. In 2007, he was recognized by the Walt Disney Company as a Disney Legend. He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002 and to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2013.", "Q1055": "Hamburg (English: , German: [\u02c8hamb\u028a\u0281k] (listen), locally also [\u02c8hamb\u028a\u026a\u032f\u00e7] (listen) [\u02c8hamb\u0254\u02d0\u03c7]; Low Saxon: Hamborg), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (German: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg; Low Saxon: Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg), is the second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and 7th largest city in the European Union with a population of over 1.84 million.\nOne of Germany's 16 federal states, it is surrounded by Schleswig-Holstein to the north and Lower Saxony to the south. The city's metropolitan region is home to more than five million people. Hamburg lies on the River Elbe and two of its tributaries, the River Alster and the River Bille.\nThe official name reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League and a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. Before the 1871 Unification of Germany, it was a fully sovereign city state, and before 1919 formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten. Beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg, North Sea flood of 1962 and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids, the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe.\nHamburg is Europe's third-largest port. Major regional broadcaster NDR, the printing and publishing firm Gruner + Jahr and the newspapers Der Spiegel and Die Zeit are based in the city. Hamburg is the seat of Germany's oldest stock exchange and the world's oldest merchant bank, Berenberg Bank. Media, commercial, logistical, and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus, Blohm + Voss, Aurubis, Beiersdorf, and Unilever.\nThe city hosts specialists in world economics and international law, including consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the EU-LAC Foundation, and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20. Both former German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt and Angela Merkel, German chancellor since 2005, were born in Hamburg.\nThe city is a major international and domestic tourist destination. It ranked 18th in the world for livability in 2016. The Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel were declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 2015.Hamburg is a major European science, research, and education hub, with several universities and institutions. Among its most notable cultural venues are the Elbphilharmonie and Laeiszhalle concert halls. It gave birth to movements like Hamburger Schule and paved the way for bands including The Beatles. Hamburg is also known for several theatres and a variety of musical shows. St. Pauli's Reeperbahn is among the best-known European entertainment districts.", "Q101188": "Edmund Stoeckle (1899 in Augsburg - 1986 in Ottobeuren) was a German politician. He was the mayor of Augsburg, Germany, between 1933 and 1934. He was a member of the Nazi Party.\nThe son of Andreas Stoeckle, a prominent Catholic lay activist in Munich who was head of the state comptroller's office ( Oberrechungshof), with key connections with the Reform Catholic movement, Edmund emerged as a leading figure within student circles in Munich , furthering the volkisch-Nazi ideas of Catholic student activists like Hansj\u00f6rg Maurer, Josef Roth and Alfred Miller. He enrolled at the University of Munich in the autumn of 1919, having seen battle action on the western front 1917-1918, and on the streets of Munich as a member of the Freikorps Epp in the spring of 1919.", "Q931147": "Stormlord is an extreme metal (self-classified as \"Extreme epic metal\") band from Rome, Italy. They have released six full-length albums to date: Supreme Art of War (1999), At the Gates of Utopia (2001), The Gorgon Cult (2004), Mare Nostrum (2008), Hesperia (2013), and Far (2019). Their prominent use of keyboards compared to many other black metal bands gives their sound an epic feel, much like power metal.\nMost of their songs have an epic theme, recurring to stories and characters from Greek Mythology (Zeus, Hades, Persephone, Prometheus, Medusa, Titans), and battles. Their vocalist, Cristiano can scream in two voices: the first one high pitched, which is relative to black metal and the second is more guttural and monstrous, which is relative to death metal and often used for choruses.\nThe band gained attention in late 2004 after the release of the \"Under the Boards\" music video, which featured large amounts of blood and gore. The clip was banned from most TV channels but gained popularity due to internet downloads.", "Q554430": "Franco Citti (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8fra\u014bko \u02c8t\u0283itti]; 23 April 1935 \u2013 14 January 2016) was an Italian actor. He came to fame at the age of 26, playing the title role in Pier Paolo Pasolini's film Accattone. In 1967, he appeared in the title role in Pasolini's version of Oedipus Rex.\nHe is perhaps best known to non-Italian audiences as Cal\u00f2 in The Godfather and The Godfather: Part III and uttering the line \"In Sicily, women are more dangerous than shotguns.\"\nHis brother was the director and screenwriter Sergio Citti.He died in Rome on 14 January 2016, at the age of 80.", "Q669709": "Martin Andresen (born 2 February 1977) is a former Norwegian football, who played as a midfielder, and a former football manager.", "Q272860": "The Elephant Man is a 1980 British-American historical drama film about Joseph Merrick (whom the script calls John Merrick), a severely deformed man in late 19th century London. The film was directed by David Lynch and stars John Hurt, Anthony Hopkins, Anne Bancroft, John Gielgud, Wendy Hiller, Michael Elphick, Hannah Gordon, and Freddie Jones. It was produced by Jonathan Sanger and Mel Brooks, the latter of whom was intentionally left uncredited to avoid confusion from audiences who possibly would have expected a comedy.\nThe screenplay was adapted by Lynch, Christopher De Vore, and Eric Bergren from Frederick Treves's The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences (1923) and Ashley Montagu's The Elephant Man: A Study in Human Dignity (1971). It was shot in black-and-white and featured make-up work by Christopher Tucker.\nThe Elephant Man was a critical and commercial success with eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Actor. After receiving widespread criticism for failing to honor the film's make-up effects, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was prompted to create the Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling the following year. The film also won the BAFTA Awards for Best Film, Best Actor, and Best Production Design and was nominated for Golden Globe awards. It also won a French C\u00e9sar Award for Best Foreign Film.", "Q53620": "Karl Hjalmar Branting (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u01celmar \u02c8br\u00e2n\u02d0t\u026a\u014b] (listen); 23 November 1860 \u2013 24 February 1925) was a Swedish politician who was the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party (1907\u20131925) and Prime Minister during three separate periods (1920, 1921\u20131923 and 1924\u20131925). When Branting came to power in 1920, he was the first Social Democratic Prime Minister of Sweden. When taking office for a second term after the general election of 1921, he became the first socialist politician in Europe to do so following elections with universal suffrage. In 1921, Branting shared the Nobel Peace Prize with the Norwegian secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union Christian Lous Lange.\n\n", "Q316458": "Marcin Mrozi\u0144ski (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8mart\u0361\u0255in mr\u0254\u02c8\u0291i\u0272sk\u02b2i]; born 26 September 1985 in Inowroc\u0142aw) is a Polish actor, singer and television presenter.", "Q34863": "Oklahoma City (), officially the City of Oklahoma City, and often shortened to OKC, is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population. The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 649,021 as of July 2018. The Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,396,445, and the Oklahoma City\u2013Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,469,124 residents, making it Oklahoma's largest municipality and metropolitan area by population. \nOklahoma City's city limits extend somewhat into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside the core Oklahoma County area are suburban tracts or protected rural zones (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by total area when including consolidated city-counties; it is the second largest city in the United States by total area, following Houston, when not including consolidated cities.\nLying in the Great Plains region, Oklahoma City has one of the world's largest livestock markets. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy. The city is in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center (these two sites house several offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively).\nOklahoma City is on the I-35 Corridor, which is one of the primary travel corridors south into neighboring Texas and Mexico and north towards Wichita and Kansas City. Located in the state's Frontier Country region, the city's northeast section lies in an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers. The city was founded during the Land Run of 1889 and grew to a population of over 10,000 within hours of its founding. The city was the scene of the April 19, 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, in which 168 people died. It was the deadliest terror attack in the history of the United States until the attacks of September 11, 2001, and remains the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history.\nSince the time weather records have been kept, Oklahoma City has been struck by thirteen strong tornadoes; eleven of these tornadoes were rated F4 or EF4 on the Fujita and Enhanced Fujita scales, and two were rated F5 or EF5.Since 2008, Oklahoma City has been home to the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s Oklahoma City Thunder, who play their home games at the Chesapeake Energy Arena.", "Q8717": "Seville (; Spanish: Sevilla [se\u02c8\u03b2i\u028ea] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Seville has a municipal population of about 690,000 as of 2016, and a metropolitan population of about 1.5 million, making it the largest city in Andalusia, the fourth-largest city in Spain and the 30th most populous municipality in the European Union. Its old town, with an area of 4 square kilometres (2 sq mi), contains three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Alc\u00e1zar palace complex, the Cathedral and the General Archive of the Indies. The Seville harbour, located about 80 kilometres (50 miles) from the Atlantic Ocean, is the only river port in Spain. Seville experiences high temperatures in the summer, with daily maximums routinely above 35 \u00b0C (95 \u00b0F) in July and August.\nSeville was founded as the Roman city of Hispalis. It became known as Ishbiliyya after the Muslim conquest in 712. During the Muslim rule in Spain, Seville came under the jurisdiction of the Caliphate of C\u00f3rdoba before becoming the independent Taifa of Seville; later it was ruled by the Muslim Almoravids and the Almohads until finally being incorporated into the Christian Kingdom of Castile under Ferdinand III in 1248. After the discovery of the Americas, Seville became one of the economic centres of the Spanish Empire as its port monopolised the trans-oceanic trade and the Casa de Contrataci\u00f3n (House of Trade) wielded its power, opening a Golden Age of arts and literature. In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan departed from Seville for the first circumnavigation of the Earth. Coinciding with the Baroque period of European history, the 17th century in Seville represented the most brilliant flowering of the city's culture; then began a gradual economic and demographic decline as silting in the Guadalquivir forced the trade monopoly to relocate to the nearby port of C\u00e1diz.\nThe 20th century in Seville saw the tribulations of the Spanish Civil War, decisive cultural milestones such as the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929 and Expo '92, and the city's election as the capital of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia.", "Q130355": "Gilbert Montagn\u00e9 (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292ilb\u025b\u0281 m\u0254\u0303ta\u0272e]; born 28 December 1951 in Paris) is a French musician from the M\u00e9nilmontant neighborhood in Paris and Bourbonnais, a pianist, organist, and a singer. He is a decorated Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters. Blind since birth, he is best remembered for his international hit \"The Fool\", which was a number 1 single across Europe in 1971. In France he is still a popular albums and concert artist, having toured with the likes of Johnny Hallyday.\nIn 2009, he participated in Rendez-vous en terre inconnue.", "Q215623": "Vil\u00e9m Flusser (May 12, 1920 \u2013 November 27, 1991) was a Czech-born philosopher, writer and journalist. He lived for a long period in S\u00e3o Paulo (where he became a Brazilian citizen) and later in France, and his works are written in many different languages.\nHis early work was marked by discussion of the thought of Martin Heidegger, and by the influence of existentialism and phenomenology. Phenomenology would play a major role in the transition to the later phase of his work, in which he turned his attention to the philosophy of communication and of artistic production. He contributed to the dichotomy in history: the period of image worship, and period of text worship, with deviations consequently into idolatry and \"textolatry\".", "Q110085": "Hans Sahl (born Hans Salomon in Dresden on 20 May 1902; died in T\u00fcbingen on 27 April 1993) was a poet, critic, and novelist who began during the Weimar Republic. He came from an affluent Jewish background, but like many such German Jews he fled Germany due to the Nazis. First to Czechoslovakia in 1933, then to Switzerland, and then France. In France he was interned along with Walter Benjamin. He would later flee Marseille and work with Varian Fry to help other artists or intellectuals fleeing Nazism. He became known as one of the anti-fascist exiles and in the US translated Arthur Miller, Thornton Wilder, and Tennessee Williams into German.", "Q43433": "Chandigarh (local pronunciation: [t\u0283\u0259\u0303\u02c8\u0256i\u02d0\u0261\u0259\u027d\u02b1] (listen)) is a city, district and union territory in India that serves as the capital of the two neighbouring states of Punjab and Haryana. The city is unique as it is not a part of either of the two states but is governed directly by the Union Government, which administers all such territories in the country.\nChandigarh is bordered by the state of Punjab to the north, the west and the south, and by the state of Haryana to the east. It is considered to be a part of the Chandigarh capital region or Greater Chandigarh, which includes Chandigarh, and the city of Panchkula (in Haryana) and cities of Kharar, Kurali, Mohali, Zirakpur (in Punjab). It is located 260 km (162 miles) north of New Delhi and 229 km (143 miles) southeast of Amritsar.\nIt was one of the early planned cities in post-independence India and is internationally known for its architecture and urban design. The master plan of the city was prepared by Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier, which transformed from earlier plans created by the Polish architect Maciej Nowicki and the American planner Albert Mayer. Most of the government buildings and housing in the city were designed by the Chandigarh Capital Project Team headed by Le Corbusier, Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry. In 2015, an article published by BBC named Chandigarh as one of the few master-planned cities in the world to have succeeded in terms of combining monumental architecture, cultural growth and modernisation.Chandigarh's Capitol Complex was in July 2016 declared by UNESCO as World Heritage at the 40th session of World Heritage Conference held in Istanbul. UNESCO inscription was under \"The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier an outstanding contribution to the Modern Movement\". The Capitol Complex buildings include the Punjab and Haryana High Court, Punjab and Haryana Secretariat and Punjab and Haryana Assembly along with monuments Open hand, Martyrs Memorial, Geometric Hill and Tower of Shadow and the Rock Garden.\nThe city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the country. The city was reported to be one of the cleanest in India based on a national government study. The union territory also heads the list of Indian states and territories according to Human Development Index. In 2015, a survey by LG Electronics, ranked it as the happiest city in India over the happiness index. The metropolitan area of Chandigarh\u2013Mohali\u2013Panchkula collectively forms a Tri-city, with a combined population of over 1,611,770.\n\n", "Q1883296": "Count Patrick Paul Fran\u00e7ois Marie Ghislain d'Udekem d'Acoz (28 April 1936 \u2013 25 September 2008) was a Belgian nobleman and father of Queen Mathilde of Belgium. Queen Mathilde is the wife of King Philippe of the Belgians.\n\n", "Q370252": "My Darling Clementine is a 1946 American Western film directed by John Ford and starring Henry Fonda as Wyatt Earp during the period leading up to the gunfight at the OK Corral. The ensemble cast also features Victor Mature (as Doc Holliday), Linda Darnell, Walter Brennan, Tim Holt, Cathy Downs and Ward Bond.\nThe title of the movie is borrowed from the theme song \"Oh My Darling, Clementine\", sung in parts over the opening and closing credits. The screenplay is based on the fictionalized biography Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal by Stuart Lake, as were two earlier movies, both named Frontier Marshal (released in 1934 and 1939, respectively). \nIn 1991, the film was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry; it was among the first 75 films entered into the registry.My Darling Clementine is regarded by many film critics as one of the best Westerns ever made.\nIt was also Harry Truman's favorite film.Colonel Potter arranges a showing of the film to help raise morale in the TV show MASH titled \u2018Movie Tonight \u2018.", "Q3056645": "Thalun (Burmese: \u101e\u102c\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038, pronounced [\u03b8\u00e0l\u028a\u0300\u0270\u0303]; 17 June 1584 \u2013 27 August 1648) was the eighth king of Toungoo dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). During his 19-year reign, Thalun successfully rebuilt the war-torn country which had been under constant warfare for nearly a century since the 1530s. Thalun instituted many administrative reforms and rebuilt the economy of the kingdom.\nIn 1608, Anaukpetlun captured Prome and made Thalun the governor of Prome. In 1628, Anaukpetlun was murdered by his own son Minyedeippa who made himself king. Thalun was then on his campaigns against the Shans at Kengtung with his brother Minye Kyawswa II, the governor of Ava. However, the death of Anaukpetlun forced the two to return to Pegu to claim the throne from the unlawful king and to counter the opportunistic Arakanese invasions. Thalun became the center of rallying against Minyedaikpa and was proclaimed the crown prince.\nIn 1629, Thalun and Minye Kyawswa were able to take Pegu and executed Minyedeippa. At Pegu, there was an assassination attempt by a Mon on King Thalun, which resulted in the massacre of the Mons.\nThalun fought a three-year campaign against Lanna, finally subjugating them in 1632. In 1634, Thalun moved the capital to Ava and crowned himself king of Ava and made his brother Minye Kyawswa crown prince, Maha Uparaja. Thalun then concentrated on building pagodas and other works of merit.However, Minye Kyawswa died on 28 August 1648. Thalun then made his own son Pindale as the crown prince. The son of Minye Kyawswa who wanted the crown prince title for himself staged a rebellion. The palace was sacked and Thalun fled to Sagaing. However, the rebellion was soon put down and the conspirators were burnt alive. Thalun died on 19 October 1648, succeeded by his son Pindale.\n\n", "Q64503": "Bruno Apitz (28 April 1900 \u2013 7 April 1979) was a German writer and a survivor of the Buchenwald concentration camp.", "Q896663": "Richard Verrall (born 1948) is a former deputy chairman of the British National Front (NF) who edited the magazine Spearhead from 1976 to 1980. Under the nom de plume of Richard E. Harwood, Verrall wrote the pamphlet Did Six Million Really Die?", "Q8298": "Pierre David Guetta (French pronunciation: \u200b[pj\u025b\u0281 david \u0261\u025bta]; ; born 7 November 1967) is a French DJ, record producer and songwriter. He has sold over nine million albums and thirty million singles worldwide. In 2011, Guetta was voted as the number one DJ in the DJ Mag Top 100 DJs poll. In 2013, Billboard crowned \"When Love Takes Over\" as the number one dance-pop collaboration of all time.Born and raised in Paris, he released his first album, Just a Little More Love, in 2002. Later, he released Guetta Blaster (2004) and Pop Life (2007). Guetta achieved mainstream success with his 2009 album One Love which included the hit singles \"When Love Takes Over\", \"Gettin' Over You\", \"Sexy Bitch\" and \"Memories\", the first three of which reached number one in the United Kingdom. The 2011 follow-up album, Nothing but the Beat, continued this success, containing the hit singles \"Where Them Girls At\", \"Little Bad Girl\", \"Without You\", \"Titanium\" and \"Turn Me On\". He has been called the \"grandfather of EDM\".", "Q9186": "Cantonese is a variety of Chinese originating from the city of Guangzhou (also known as Canton) and its surrounding area in Southeastern China. It is the traditional prestige variety of the Yue Chinese dialect group, which has about 68 million native speakers. While the term Cantonese specifically refers to the prestige variety, it is often used to refer to the entire Yue subgroup of Chinese, including related but largely mutually unintelligible languages and dialects such as Taishanese.\nCantonese is viewed as a vital and inseparable part of the cultural identity for its native speakers across large swaths of Southeastern China, Hong Kong, and Macau, as well as in overseas communities.\nIn mainland China, it is the lingua franca of the province of Guangdong (being the majority language of the Pearl River Delta) and neighbouring areas such as Guangxi. It is the dominant and official language of Hong Kong and Macau. Cantonese is also widely spoken amongst Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia (most notably in Vietnam and Malaysia, as well as in Singapore and Cambodia to a lesser extent) and throughout the Western world.\nAlthough Cantonese shares much vocabulary with Mandarin, the two varieties are mutually unintelligible because of differences in pronunciation, grammar, and lexicon. Sentence structure, in particular the placement of verbs, sometimes differs between the two varieties. A notable difference between Cantonese and Mandarin is how the spoken word is written; both can be recorded verbatim, but very few Cantonese speakers are knowledgeable in the full Cantonese written vocabulary, so a non-verbatim formalized written form is adopted, which is more akin to the Mandarin written form. This results in the situation in which a Cantonese and a Mandarin text may look similar but are pronounced differently.", "Q106368": "Arnulf Schr\u00f6der (born Munich, June 13, 1903 - died there, December 22, 1960) was a German actor and director. He studied at the Oberrealschule with Claire Bauroff. He spent some of his career working in the cabarets of Berlin.", "Q96795": "Robert Scholz (23 April 1886 \u2013 10 October 1927) was a German film actor of the silent era. He appeared in 76 films between 1919 and 1928. He was born in Germany and died in Berlin.", "Q111614": "Stella Harf (12 August 1890 \u2013 3 January 1979) was a German stage and film actress.", "Q376623": "GNR is a Portuguese pop rock band formed in Porto in 1981 by Alexandre Soares, V\u00edtor Rua and T\u00f3li C\u00e9sar Machado. The formation of the group, that shares its acronym (Grupo Novo Rock, Portuguese for Group New Rock) with the Guarda Nacional Republicana, coincided with the so-called Boom of Portuguese Rock that took place during the eighties, of which GNR are one of the few survivors to this day.The band underwent several line-up changes throughout its long career and is now composed of vocalist and composer Rui Reininho, bassist Jorge Rom\u00e3o and, the only remainer of the original squad, drummer T\u00f3li C\u00e9sar Machado. Despite the successive changes to their line-up, a series of internal conflicts and significant variations in their style of music, the band was able to reinvent itself in order to keep their success throughout the decades, growing a dedicated fanbase and slowly becoming the symbol of the Portuguese rock scene.", "Q87840": "Franz Wilhelm Ziegler (3 February 1803 \u2013 1 October 1876) was a lawyer, politician and writer.In 1848 he was a member of the Prussian National Assembly that emerged as part of the democratic revolutionary movement of the time, and in 1849 he was sentenced to a prison term because of his support for a motion of refusal to pay a supplementary tax to fund military expansion. As the Prussian state moved hesitantly towards a version of parliamentary democracy, Ziegler sat as a member of parliament. He was an early member of the Progressive Party, but differed with it in 1866 over the issue of war with Austria.", "Q146994": "Zanobi da Strada (1312 in Strada in Chianti \u2013 1361 in Avignon), was an Italian translator, scholar and correspondent of Petrarch and a friend of Giovanni Boccaccio.He was responsible for some manuscript rediscoveries in the Monte Cassino monastery library to which he had access as secretary to the diocesan bishop and where he lived from 1355 to 1357. Early Apuleius MS marginalia (incl. mysterious spurcum additamentum at Met. 10.21.1) is in his hand.Zanobi da Strada was crowned poet laureate by Charles IV on May 15 1355 at Pisa to the great disgust of Boccaccio who declined to recognise the degree as legitimate.", "Q72361": "Katharina Rutschky (25 January 1941, Berlin \u2013 14 January 2010, Berlin) was a German educationalist and author. She coined the term Schwarze P\u00e4dagogik (literally black pedagogy) in her eponymous book from 1977, describing physical and psychical violence as part of education (a notion elaborated upon some years later by Alice Miller). Until her death, Rutschky lived with her husband Michael Rutschky in Berlin.", "Q275458": "Anne Seymour (September 11, 1909 \u2013 December 8, 1988) was an American film and television character actress.\nShe played Mrs. Barr in season 1 episode 15 of My Three Sons in 1961.", "Q98960": "Ernst Wahle (March 25, 1889, Magdeburg \u2013 January 21, 1981) was a German archaeologist.\nHe taught at Heidelberg University. In 1937 he joined the Nazi Party.", "Q468134": "Marie Helen Sj\u00f6holm (Swedish pronunciation: [h\u025b\u02c8le\u02d0n \u02c8\u0267\u00f8\u030c\u02d0h\u0254lm]; born 10 July 1970) is a Swedish singer, actress and musical theatre performer who lives in Gamla Enskede in Stockholm. She grew up in Sundsvall and started to sing in choirs at an early age, working, among others, with Swedish conductor Kjell L\u00f6nn\u00e5. By the end of the 1980s she toured with the group \"Just For Fun\".", "Q401182": "Ahmed Best (born August 19, 1973) is an American actor. He gained recognition in 1999 for providing motion capture and voice of the character of Jar Jar Binks in the Star Wars franchise. He also created, wrote, directed, and produced his own TV show, which he titled This Can't Be My Life.\nBest likewise collaborated with director George Lucas in three films and seven episodes of the cartoon show, Star Wars: The Clone Wars. He won the Annie Award for Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production for lampooning Jar Jar Binks in Robot Chicken: Star Wars Episode II.", "Q167782": "Charles V (21 January 1338 \u2013 16 September 1380), called the Wise (French: le Sage; Latin: Sapiens), was King of France from 1364 to his death. His reign marked an early high point for France during the Hundred Years' War, with his armies recovering much of the territory held by the English, and successfully reversed the military losses of his predecessors.\nIn 1349, as a young prince, Charles received from his grandfather King Philip VI the province of Dauphin\u00e9 to rule. This allowed him to bear the title \"Dauphin\" until his coronation, which led to the integration of the Dauphin\u00e9 into the crown lands of France. After 1350, all heirs apparent of France bore the title of Dauphin until their accession.\nCharles became regent of France when his father John II was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356. To pay for the defense of the kingdom, Charles raised taxes. As a result, he faced hostility from the nobility, led by Charles the Bad, King of Navarre; the opposition of the French bourgeoisie, which was channeled through the Estates-General led by \u00c9tienne Marcel; and with a peasant revolt known as the Jacquerie. Charles overcame all of these rebellions, but in order to liberate his father, he had to conclude the Treaty of Br\u00e9tigny in 1360, in which he abandoned large portions of south-western France to Edward III of England and agreed to pay a huge ransom.\nCharles became king in 1364. With the help of talented advisers, his skillful management of the kingdom allowed him to replenish the royal treasury and to restore the prestige of the House of Valois. He established the first permanent army paid with regular wages, which liberated the French populace from the companies of routiers who regularly plundered the country when not employed. Led by Bertrand du Guesclin, the French Army was able to turn the tide of the Hundred Years' War to Charles' advantage, and by the end of Charles' reign, they had reconquered almost all the territories ceded to the English in 1360. Furthermore, the French fleet, led by Jean de Vienne, managed to attack the English coast for the first time since the beginning of the Hundred Years' War.\nCharles V died in 1380. He was succeeded by his son Charles VI, whose disastrous reign allowed the English to regain control of large parts of France.", "Q255788": "Fiamma Nirenstein (born 18 December 1945 in Florence) is an Italian-Israeli journalist, author and politician. In 2008 she was elected to the Italian Parliament for Silvio Berlusconi's The People of Freedom party and she served as Vice President of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the Chamber of Deputies for the length of the legislature, ending in March 2013. On 26 May 2013 she emigrated to Israel (made Aliyah). In 2015, Nirenstein was nominated by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as the future ambassador to Italy, but subsequently withdrew for what she stated were personal reasons. She currently works at the Israeli-based think-tank the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs (JCPA). \nShe lives in Jerusalem now with frequent visits to Italy.\nOne of her children is writer Beniamino Irdi Nirenstein.", "Q227478": "Too Late the Hero is a 1970 Anglo-American war film directed by Robert Aldrich, and starring Michael Caine, Henry Fonda, Cliff Robertson, Ken Takakura, Denholm Elliott, Ian Bannen, Lance Percival, Ronald Fraser, Harry Andrews and Percy Herbert.", "Q115472": "Princess Marie Bonaparte (2 July 1882 \u2013 21 September 1962), known as Princess George of Greece and Denmark upon her marriage, was a French author and psychoanalyst, closely linked with Sigmund Freud. Her wealth contributed to the popularity of psychoanalysis, and enabled Freud's escape from Nazi Germany.\nMarie Bonaparte was a great-grandniece of Emperor Napoleon I of France. She was the only child of Roland Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte, 6th Prince of Canino and Musignano (19 May 1858 \u2013 14 April 1924) and Marie-F\u00e9lix Blanc (1859\u20131882). Her paternal grandfather was Prince Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte, son of Lucien Bonaparte, 1st Prince of Canino and Musignano, Napoleon's rebellious younger brother. For this reason, despite her title Marie was not a member of the dynastic branch of the Bonapartes who claimed the French imperial throne from exile. Her maternal grandfather was Fran\u00e7ois Blanc, the principal real-estate developer of Monte Carlo. It was from this side of her family that Marie inherited her great fortune.", "Q230104": "Nakhchivan (Azerbaijani: Nax\u00e7\u0131van, pronounced [n\u0251\u031d\u03c7t\u0361\u0283\u026f\u031e\u02c8v\u0251\u031dn]; Armenian: \u0546\u0561\u056d\u056b\u057b\u0587\u0561\u0576, romanized: Naxi\u01f0ewan; Persian: \u0646\u062e\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200e, Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c, romanized: Nakhichevan) is the capital of the eponymous Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan, located 450 km (280 mi) west of Baku. The municipality of Nakhchivan consists of the city of Nakhchivan, the settlement of \u018fliabad and the villages of Ba\u015fba\u015f\u0131, Bulqan, Haciniyy\u0259t, Qara\u00e7uq, Qaraxanb\u0259yli, Tumbul, Qara\u011fal\u0131q, and Da\u015fduz. It is spread over the foothills of Zangezur Mountains, on the right bank of the Nakhchivan River at an altitude of 873 m (2,864 ft) above sea level.\nSince 9 June 2009, by the decree of the President of the Azerbaijan Republic, the Bulqan, Garachug, Garakhanbeyli, Tumbul and Haciniyy\u0259t villages of the Babek Rayon are included in the scope of the administrative territorial unit of the Nakhchivan city.", "Q435227": "Christiane Rochefort (17 July 1917 \u2013 24 April 1998) was a French feminist writer. She was born into a left-wing working class Parisian family; her father joined the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War. Rochefort worked as a journalist and spent fifteen years as a press attach\u00e9 to the Cannes Film Festival before publishing her first novel, Le Repos du guerrier (The Warrior's Rest), in 1958. Like several of her later novels, Le Repos du guerrier was a bestseller; in 1962 it was adapted into a popular film directed by Roger Vadim and starring Brigitte Bardot. Her novels are divided between social realist satires set in present-day France and utopian or dystopian fantasies. She won the Prix M\u00e9dicis in 1988. Rochefort's novels also have\nstrong sexual elements.\n\n", "Q71668": "Ingo Friedrich (born 24 January 1942 in Kutno-Wartheland) is a former German (Bavarian) Member of the European Parliament. He was elected on the CSU ticket and sits with the EPP-ED Group. Friedrich holds a University degree in Economics. He was a member of Wei\u00dfenburg-Gunzenhausen district council (1972\u20131996) and was the head of the CSU delegation to the European Parliament between 1992 and 1999. He has been awarded the Bavarian Order of Merit, and the Federal Cross of Merit, first class.\nFrom July 2004 to January 2007 Friedrich was one of the 14 Vice-Presidents of the European Parliament. From October 2002, he holds the position of Treasurer of the European People's Party (EPP). On 16 January 2007 he was elected one of the 6 Quaestors of the European Parliament. Since September 2009 he has been President of the European Economic Senate. On 20 February 2013 Friedrich became Honorary Member of SME Europe, the pro-business organization within the European People's Party, which aims at improving the situation of small and medium-sized enterprises all across Europe.", "Q198030": "Zhou Xun (Chinese: \u5468\u8fc5, born 18 October 1974) is a Chinese actress and singer. She is regarded as one of the Four Dan Actresses of China. She gained international fame for her roles in Suzhou River (2000) and Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress (2002).\nZhou has won Best Actress honors from Asian Film Awards, Asian Television Awards, Beijing College Student Film Festival, China Film Director's Guild Awards, China TV Golden Eagle Award, Chinese Film Media Awards, Golden Bauhinia Awards, Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards, Golden Rooster Awards, Hong Kong Film Awards, Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards, Hundred Flowers Awards, Huading Awards, Shanghai Television Festival and Shanghai Film Critics Awards; as well as the French award-giving body Festival du Film de Paris.\nZhou ranked ranked 91st on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2013, 15th in 2014, 17th in 2015, 60th in 2017, and 53rd in 2019.", "Q10282": "Pamplona (Spanish: [pam\u02c8plona]; French: Pampelune, Basque: Iru\u00f1a; IPA: [i\u027eu\u0272a] or Iru\u00f1ea; IPA: [i\u027eu\u0272ea]) is the capital city of the Autonomous Community of Navarre, in Spain, and historically also of the former Kingdom of Navarre. Pamplona is also the second-largest city in the greater Basque cultural region, composed of two Spanish autonomous communities, Navarre and Basque Country, and the French Basque Country.\nPamplona has a moderate climate being at 446 m (1,463 ft) in elevation. In addition to its elevation, Pamplona being inland results in cool nights by Spanish standards.\nThe city is famous worldwide for the running of the bulls during the San Ferm\u00edn festival, which is held annually from July 6 to July 14. This festival was brought to literary renown with the 1926 publication of Ernest Hemingway's novel The Sun Also Rises. It is also home to Osasuna, the only Navarrese football club to have ever played in the Spanish top division.\n\n", "Q93835": "Fyodor Serafimovich Druzhinin, also Fedor, (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043d; 6 April 1932 in Moscow \u2013 1 July 2007) was a Soviet violist, composer and music teacher.\nDruzhinin studied viola at the Moscow Central Music School with Nikolai Sokolov (1944\u20131950) and at the Moscow Conservatory with Vadim Borisovsky (1950\u20131957). In 1957, he won first place at the All-Union Competition of Musicians in Moscow. He replaced Borisovsky as violist of the Beethoven Quartet in 1964.\nFrom 1980, Druzhinin was the head of the viola department at the Moscow Conservatory. Among his students are many noted violists such as Yuri Bashmet, Yuri Tkanov, Alexander Bobrovsky and Svetlana Stepchenko.\nDruzhinin composed several works for viola. His Fantasia for Viola and Orchestra is best known. He worked closely with Dmitri Shostakovich and other composers such as Mieczys\u0142aw Weinberg (Moisei Samuilovich Vainberg), Alfred Schnittke, Andrei Volkonsky, Roman Ledenyov. Shostakovich wrote his last composition for Druzhinin, the Sonata for Viola and Piano, Op.147 (1975). Other dedications include Concerto-Poem (1963\u20131964) for viola and orchestra by Ledenyov, Viola Sonata (1971) and Viola Concerto (1972) by Grigory Frid, and Weinberg's Sonata No.1 (1971) for unaccompanied viola.\nDruzhinin was a 1988 recipient of the People's Artist of Russia award. In 2001, he published his memoirs: \u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (Memoirs. Pages of Life and Work). The book relates countless memories of Shostakovich, Schnittke, Igor Stravinsky, Maria Yudina, Anna Akhmatova and colleagues of the Beethoven Quartet, among others.", "Q374034": "Joe Henry Engle (born August 26, 1932), (Maj Gen, USAF, Ret.), is an American pilot, aeronautical engineer and former NASA astronaut. He was the commander of two Space Shuttle missions including STS-2, the program's second orbital flight. He also participated in the Shuttle program's Approach and Landing Tests. Engle is one of twelve pilots who flew the North American X-15, an experimental spaceplane jointly operated by the Air Force and NASA.\nAs an X-15 pilot, Engle made three flights above 50 miles, thus qualifying for astronaut wings under the American convention for the boundary of space. In 1966 he was selected for NASA's fifth Astronaut Group, joining the Apollo program. He was the backup Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) for Apollo 14 and originally scheduled as LMP for Apollo 17. However, cancellation of later flights prompted NASA to select geologist-astronaut Harrison Schmitt as LMP, displacing Engle.\nEngle is an experienced spaceplane operator and the last living X-15 pilot.", "Q1610232": "Herman Bjorn Dahle (March 30, 1855 \u2013 April 25, 1920) was a United States Congressman in the House of Representatives from Wisconsin.", "Q18806": "Franz Erdmann Mehring (27 February 1846 \u2013 28 January 1919) was a German communist historian and revolutionary socialist politician who was a senior member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany during the German Revolution of 1918\u20131919.", "Q241925": "Marriage Italian Style (Italian: Matrimonio all'italiana [matri\u02c8m\u0254\u02d0njo allita\u02c8lja\u02d0na]) is a 1964 Italian film directed by Vittorio De Sica and starring Sophia Loren, Marcello Mastroianni and Vito Moricone.The film was adapted by Leonardo Benvenuti, Renato Castellani, Piero De Bernardi and Tonino Guerra from the play Filumena Marturano by Eduardo De Filippo. It was directed by Vittorio De Sica.\nFilumena Marturano previously was adapted as a film in 1950 in Argentina.", "Q322272": "Samuel George Davis Sr. (December 12, 1900 \u2013 May 21, 1988) was an American dancer and the father of entertainer Sammy Davis Jr.", "Q152739": "Charles Seife is an American author and journalist, a professor at New York University. He has written extensively on scientific and mathematical topics.\n\n", "Q191014": "Mar\u00eda Estela Mart\u00ednez Cartas de Per\u00f3n (born 4 February 1931), better known as Isabel Mart\u00ednez de Per\u00f3n (Spanish pronunciation: [isa\u02c8\u03b2el ma\u027e\u02c8tines]) or Isabel Per\u00f3n, served as President of Argentina from 1974 to 1976. She was the third wife of President Juan Per\u00f3n. During her husband's third term as president from 1973 to 1974, Isabel served as both vice president and First Lady. Following her husband's death in office in 1974, Isabel served as president of Argentina from 1 July 1974 to 24 March 1976, at which time the military took over the government and placed her under house arrest for five years, before exiling her to Spain in 1981. She holds the distinction of having been the first woman to have had the title of \"President\", as opposed to a queen or prime minister.\nIn 2007 an Argentine judge ordered her arrest over the forced disappearance of an activist in February 1976, on the grounds that the disappearance was authorized by her signing of decrees allowing Argentina's armed forces to take action against \"subversives\". She was arrested near her home in Spain on 12 January 2007. Spanish courts subsequently refused her extradition to Argentina.", "Q1193412": "Taungoo (Burmese: \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1030\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037; MLCTS: taung ngu mrui., pronounced [t\u00e0\u028a\u0270\u0303\u014b\u00f9 mjo\u0330] Tau\u00f1ngu myo\u00fa; S'gaw Karen: \u1010\u102e\u1021\u1030; also spelled Toungoo) is a district-level city in the Bago Region of Myanmar, 220 km from Yangon, towards the north-eastern end of the division, with mountain ranges to the east and west. The main industry is in forestry products, with teak and other hardwoods extracted from the mountains. The city is known for its areca palms, to the extent that a Burmese proverb for unexpected good fortune is equated to a \"betel lover winning a trip to Taungoo\".\nThe city is famous in Burmese history for the Toungoo dynasty which ruled the country for over 200 years between the 16th and 18th centuries. Taungoo was the capital of Burma in 1510\u20131539 and 1551\u20131552.\nKaytumadi new city (new city of Taungoo) is the central command of the southern command division region of Armed Forces (Tatmadaw). Hanthawaddy United Football Club is based in Taungoo.", "Q36245": "Roger Mark Boisjoly ( boh-zh\u0259-LAY; April 25, 1938 \u2013 January 6, 2012) was an American mechanical engineer, fluid dynamicist, and an aerodynamicist. He is best known for having raised strenuous objections to the launch of the Space Shuttle Challenger months before the loss of the spacecraft and its crew in January 1986. Boisjoly correctly predicted, based on earlier flight data, that the O-rings on the rocket boosters would fail if the shuttle launched in cold weather.", "Q85931": "Michael Kr\u00fcger (born 9 December 1943, in Wittgendorf) is a German writer, publisher and translator.Michael Kr\u00fcger grew up in Berlin. After the graduating he was apprenticed to a publisher and later studied philosophy and literature. From 1962 to 1965 he worked as a bookseller in London.From 1968 Kr\u00fcger has worked as a reader at the publishing house Carl Hanser Verlag, since 1986 he has been their chief reader. In 1972 he published his first poems, with his first collection, Reginapoly, appearing in 1976 and his first collection of stories Was tun: Eine altmodische Geschichte (What shall we do: An old-fashioned story) in 1984. Several stories, novels and translations followed. His work has garnered many important accolades including the 1986 Toucan Prize and the 1996 Prix M\u00e9dicis \u00e9tranger.\nHe wrote the introduction to the 2010 New York Review of Books edition of Jakov Lind's Soul of Wood.\nSince 1975 Michael Kr\u00fcger has been a jury member of the European literary award Petrarca-Preis. He is also a juror for the Zbigniew Herbert International Literary Award.", "Q632282": "Lich is a town in the district of Gie\u00dfen, in Hessen, Germany. It is situated 12 km southeast of Gie\u00dfen. Lich has a population of around 13,000.", "Q7061278": "The Norwegian State Railways (Norwegian: Norges Statsbaner or NSB) was a state-owned railway company that operated most of the railway network in Norway. The government agency/directorate was created in 1883 to oversee the construction and operation of all state-owned railways in Norway. On 1 December 1996, it was demerged to create the infrastructure operator Norwegian National Rail Administration, the train operator Norwegian State Railways and the Norwegian Railway Inspectorate. The name was taken by the train operator, although the infrastructure operator remained a government agency and is the legal successor.", "Q4867255": "Basil Scarsella (born in Italy) is an Australian businessman. He is a former CEO of ETSA Utilities and Northern Gas Networks. He is the current CEO of UK Power Networks, formerly EDF Energy Networks. He was also President of the Oceania Football Confederation between 2000 and 2003, and is a former Member of the Executive Committee of FIFA.", "Q105107": "Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz (often known as Wilhelm Schulz or after his second marriage Wilhelm Schulz-Bodmer; 13 March 1797 in Darmstadt \u2013 9 January 1860 in Hottingen) was a German officer, radical, and social democratic publisher in Hesse. His most famous works are Der Tod des Pfarrers Friedrich Ludwig Weidig (The Death of Pastor Friedrich Ludwig Weidig.) as well as Die Bewegung der Produktion (Movement of Production), which Karl Marx quoted extensively in his 1844 Manuscripts. Schulz was the first to describe the movement of society \"as flowing from the contradiction between the forces of production and the mode of production,\" which would later form the basis of historical materialism. Marx continued to praise Schulz's work decades later when writing Das Kapital.", "Q974": "The Democratic Republic of the Congo (pronunciation French: R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo [k\u0254\u0303\u0261o]), also known as DR Congo, the DRC, DROC, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo, is a country located in Central Africa. It was formerly called Zaire (1971\u20131997). It is, by area, the largest country in sub-Saharan Africa, the second-largest in all of Africa (after Algeria), and the 11th-largest in the world. With a population of over 84 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populous officially Francophone country, the fourth-most-populous country in Africa, and the 16th-most-populous country in the world. Eastern DR Congo has been the scene of ongoing military conflict in Kivu, since 2015.\nCentred on the Congo Basin, the territory of the DRC was first inhabited by Central African foragers around 90,000 years ago and was reached by the Bantu expansion about 3,000 years ago. In the west, the Kingdom of Kongo ruled around the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th centuries. In the centre and east, the kingdoms of Luba and Lunda ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century.\nIn the 1870s, just before the onset of the Scramble for Africa, European exploration of the Congo Basin was carried out, first led by Henry Morton Stanley under the sponsorship of Leopold II of Belgium. Leopold formally acquired rights to the Congo territory at the Berlin Conference in 1885 and made the land his private property, naming it the Congo Free State. During the Free State, his colonial military unit, the Force Publique, forced the local population to produce rubber. From 1885 to 1908, millions of the Kongo people died as a consequence of disease and exploitation. In 1908, Leopold, despite his initial reluctance, formally annexed the so-called Free State to Belgium, thus it became known as the Belgian Congo. \nCongo achieved independence from Belgium on 30 June 1960 under the name Republic of the Congo. Congolese nationalist Patrice Lumumba was elected the first Prime Minister, while Joseph Kasa-Vubu became the first President. Conflict arose over the administration of the territory, which became known as the Congo Crisis. The provinces of Katanga, under Mo\u00efse Tshombe, and South Kasai attempted to secede. After the UN and Western governments refused his requests for aid and Lumumba stated that he was open to any country, including the Soviet Union, for assistance in the crisis, the U.S. and Belgium became wary and oversaw his removal from office by Kasa-Vubu on 5 September and ultimate execution by Belgian-led Katangese troops on 17 January 1961. \nOn 25 November 1965, Army Chief of Staff Joseph-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Mobutu, who later renamed himself Mobutu Sese Seko, officially came into power through a coup d'\u00e9tat. In 1971, he renamed the country Zaire. The country was run as a dictatorial one-party state, with his Popular Movement of the Revolution as the sole legal party. Mobutu's government received considerable support from the United States, due to its anti-communist stance during the Cold War. By the early 1990s, Mobutu's government began to weaken. Destabilisation in the east resulting from the 1994 Rwandan genocide and disenfranchisement among the eastern Banyamulenge (Congolese Tutsi) population led to a 1996 invasion led by Tutsi FPR-ruled Rwanda, which began the First Congo War.On 17 May 1997, Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila, a leader of Tutsi forces from the province of South Kivu, became President after Mobutu fled to Morocco, reverting the country's name to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tensions between President Kabila and the Rwandan and Tutsi presence in the country led to the Second Congo War from 1998 to 2003. Ultimately, nine African countries and around twenty armed groups became involved in the war, which resulted in the deaths of 5.4 million people. The two wars devastated the country. President Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila was assassinated by one of his bodyguards on 16 January 2001 and was succeeded eight days later by his son Joseph.\nThe Democratic Republic of the Congo is extremely rich in natural resources but has had political instability, a lack of infrastructure, issues with corruption and centuries of both commercial and colonial extraction and exploitation with little holistic development. Besides the capital Kinshasa, the two next largest cities Lubumbashi and Mbuji-Mayi are both mining communities. DR Congo's largest export is raw minerals, with China accepting over 50% of DRC's exports in 2012. In 2016, DR Congo's level of human development was ranked 176th out of 187 countries by the Human Development Index. As of 2018, around 600,000 Congolese have fled to neighbouring countries from conflicts in the centre and east of the DRC. Two million children risk starvation, and the fighting has displaced 4.5 million people. The sovereign state is a member of the United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, African Union, and COMESA.\n\n", "Q923972": "Maxime Allen \"Max\" Faget (pronounced fah-ZHAY; August 26, 1921 \u2013 October 9, 2004) was a Belizean-born American mechanical engineer. Faget was the designer of the Mercury spacecraft, and contributed to the later Gemini and Apollo spacecraft as well as the Space Shuttle.", "Q2618458": "Madras State was a state of India during the mid-20th century. At the time of its formation in 1950, it included the whole of present-day Tamil Nadu, Coastal Andhra, Rayalaseema, the Malabar region of North Kerala, and Bellary, South Canara. Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema were separated to form Andhra State in 1953, while South Canara and Bellary districts were merged with Mysore State, and Malabar District with the State of Travancore-Cochin to form Kerala in 1956. \nOn January 14, 1969, Madras State was renamed to Tamil Nadu, meaning \"Tamil country\".", "Q230662": "Kerstin Anita Marianne Ekberg (Swedish pronunciation: [a\u02c8n\u00ee\u02d0ta \u02c8\u00ea\u02d0kb\u00e6rj] (listen); 29 September 1931 \u2013 11 January 2015) was a Swedish actress active in American and European films. She is best known for her role as Sylvia in the Federico Fellini film La Dolce Vita (1960). Ekberg worked primarily in Italy, where she became a permanent resident in 1964.", "Q710037": "Arthur Jerome Eddy (November 5, 1859 in Flint, Michigan- July 21, 1920 in New York City, New York) was an American lawyer, author, art collector, and art critic.\nArthur Jerome Eddy (also referred to as Arthur J. Eddy) was a prominent member of the first generation of American Modern art collectors. His book Cubists and Post-Impressionism was the first American book promoting these new art movements and the work of Wassily Kandinsky. As opposed to the other early American collectors of modernist works, who were interested in French modernism almost exclusively, Eddy also collected the work of the German expressionists and Wassily Kandinsky. He is also known for his support of the Armory Show, purchasing work from the show in New York and Chicago and lecturing on the art during the Chicago show. In 1931, a portion of Eddy's collection was donated by his widow and son to the Art Institute of Chicago as the \"Arthur Jerome Eddy Memorial Collection\" which is an important core of the Museum's collection of Modern art.", "Q334376": "Margo Symington MacDonald (n\u00e9e Aitken; 19 April 1943 \u2013 4 April 2014) was a Scottish politician, teacher and broadcaster. She was the Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow Govan from 1973 to 1974 and was Deputy Leader of the Scottish National Party from 1974 to 1979. She later served as an SNP and then Independent Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Lothian from 1999 until her death.", "Q369065": "Knights of Ramune (VS\u9a0e\u58eb\u30e9\u30e0\u30cd&40FRESH, B\u0101sasu Naito Ramune ando F\u014dt\u012b Furesshu) is an anime OVA that follows the adventures of Cacao and Parfait, holy virgins, in their search and rescue mission of the 4th Warrior Ramunes, given to them by the apparent head of their religious order, Master Follower. They are joined in these adventures by Lemon, a twelve-year-old girl, and PQ, a hand-sized blob with a face that is an expert on spiritual topics. The OAV is known as VS Knight Lamune and 40 Fresh (VS\u9a0e\u58eb\u30e9\u30e0\u30cd&40FRESH) in Japan, and is a sequel to VS Knight Ramune & 40 Fire, an anime television series; it was released in the U.S. by Software Sculptors and Central Park Media. It features generous amounts of nudity, fanservice, and sexual themes, making this OVA significantly different from the original TV series. Many of the characters are named after various drinks, especially alcoholic ones.", "Q101361": "Johann Arnold Ebert (February 8, 1723 \u2013 March 19, 1795) was a German writer and translator .", "Q940557": "Johnny Clarke (born 12 January 1955) is a Jamaican reggae musician, best known for his recordings with producer Bunny Lee in the 1970s.", "Q3180571": "Marc Ferrez (December 7, 1843 \u2013 January 12, 1923) was a Brazilian photographer born in Rio de Janeiro.\nMarc Ferrez was the son of the French sculptor and engraver Zepherin Ferrez who moved to Rio de Janeiro in 1816. Marc Ferrez was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He studied in Paris then came back to Rio as an apprentice to photographer Franz Keller of Germany. In 1865, Ferrez opened his own photography studio where he primarily focused of landscapes and Brazilian nature. His work became so popular that Emperor Dom Pedro II gave him funds to support his art, allowing Ferrez to explore every angle that the camera had to offer. Just eight years after its opening, in 1873, his studio burned down. He returned to France to purchase a new camera, opting for one that had the capability of taking panoramic photos. This was a view of photography that was still in its infancy. When he finally returned to Rio de Janeiro, he focused on rural landscapes and slaves working on the plantations. From 1875\u20131876 Ferrez joined American Charles Frederick Hartt on a geological and geographic expedition to the inner province of Bahia. It was during this trip Ferrez took pictures of indigenous Botocudo tribe, and utilized the panorama and became the master of it.\n\nFerrez's life was dedicated to the art of photography and he is considered one of the greatest photographers of his time. His production was massive, and his photographs document the consolidation of Brazil as a nation and Rio de Janeiro as a metropolis. Emperor Pedro II declared Ferrez the \u201cphotographer of the Royal Navy\u201d, because of his superior skill of neutralizing the ships movements. In 1876, he entered his photos into an exhibition, with an ethnological interest, called Exhibition of the Century in Pennsylvania. He won a gold medal. In 1882 he won in the South American Continental Exhibition in Buenos Aires. In 1904, he entered his material into the world fair in St. Louis. He was the only photographer to win a gold medal. In 1907, he opened his own picture house in Rio de Janeiro, Path\u00e9 Cinema. It was here that he tried out new technology that enhanced the field of photography. During the end of his life he focused more on photographing architecture and street scenes in Rio de Janeiro. Ferrez's most popular works were of Brazilian landscapes. Natural features: mountains, waterfalls, jungles. Man-made engineering, railroads, bridges, and urban buildings. Ferrez is considered by photography historians to be a master at his craft; his work is on the same level as famous photographers William Henry Jackson and Eadweard Muybridge.He photographed Brazil from south to north, but paid more attention to his home city, Rio de Janeiro. His masterpieces are the great albums of railway constructions and the great panoramic views of the city of Rio de Janeiro and its development.\nFerrez died in 1923 and left thousands of pictures and reproductions of his works.", "Q158214": "Bipasha Basu (born 7 January 1979), also known by her married name Bipasha Basu Singh Grover, is an Indian film actress and model. Primarily known for her work in Hindi films, she has also appeared in Tamil, Telugu, Bengali and English films. Basu is the recipient of numerous accolades, including one Filmfare Award. Particularly known for her work in the thriller and horror film genres, she is frequently cited in the media as a sex symbol.\nBorn in Delhi and raised in Kolkata, Basu won the Godrej Cinthol Supermodel contest in 1996, and later pursued a successful career as a fashion model. She then began receiving offers for film roles, and made her acting debut with a negative role in the moderately successful thriller Ajnabee (2001), which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Basu's first leading role was in the blockbuster horror film Raaz (2002), which earned her a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. She subsequently received worldwide critical recognition and several awards for her portrayals of a seductress in the 2003 erotic thriller Jism and the 2006 drama Corporate. Basu achieved further success with starring roles in six of India's annually top-grossing productions\u2014the comedies No Entry (2005), Phir Hera Pheri (2006), and All the Best: Fun Begins (2009), the action adventure Dhoom 2 (2006), the action thriller Race (2008) and the horror thriller Raaz 3D (2012). She also received praise for her performances in the romantic comedy Bachna Ae Haseeno (2008), and the horror films Aatma (2013), Creature 3D (2014) and Alone (2015). Her other notable work includes item numbers in several films.\nIn addition to acting in films, Basu is a fitness enthusiast and has featured in several fitness videos. Following a high-profile relationship with actor John Abraham, Basu married actor Karan Singh Grover in 2016.", "Q1736587": "Katie Webster (January 11, 1936 \u2013 September 5, 1999), born Kathryn Jewel Thorne, was an American boogie-woogie pianist.", "Q1018353": "Reese Francis Clifford III (October 8, 1941 \u2013 January 26, 2018), known professionally as Buzz Clifford, was an American pop singer and songwriter. His biggest success came with his recording of \"Baby Sittin' Boogie\" (1961), which peaked at No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100.", "Q2894053": "Beit Zvi School for the Performing Arts (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05e6\u05d1\u05d9\u200e) is an acting school located in Ramat Gan, Israel established in 1950.", "Q458791": "The German Conservative Party (German: Deutschkonservative Partei, DkP) was a right-wing political party of the German Empire founded in 1876. It largely represented the wealthy landowning elite Prussian Junkers.\nThe party was a response to German unification, universal and equal franchise in national elections and rapid industrialization. It changed from a diffuse party of broad ideology into an interest party in Bismarckian Germany. In the early 1870s, Otto von Bismarck formed his majority with the base in the National Liberal Party which emphasized free trade and anti-Catholicism. Bismarck broke with them in the late 1870s, by which time the German Conservative Party and the Free Conservative Party had brought together the landed Junkers in the East and the rapidly growing industrial leadership in the major cities. They now became the main base of Bismarck's support and successive Chancellors down to 1918.According to Robert M. Berdahl, this redirection illustrated \"the slow and painful process by which the landed aristocracy adjusted to its new position in the capitalist 'class' system that had come to replace the precapitalist 'Estate' structure of Prussian society\".", "Q2333358": "Metropolis Records was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1993 by Dave Heckman.On June 9, 1999 Metropolis bought American industrial label Pendragon. It assumed distribution responsibilities for the back catalogues of Pendragon as well as of label 21st Circuitry that went out of business at the time.", "Q733836": "\u00c9douard Lockroy (18 July 1838 \u2013 22 November 1913) was a French politician.\nHe was born in Paris, the son of Joseph Philippe Simon (1803\u20131891), an actor and dramatist who took the name of Lockroy.", "Q232075": "La Travers\u00e9e de Paris (\"the trip across Paris\") is a 1956 French comedy-drama directed by Claude Autant-Lara, starring Jean Gabin, Bourvil and Louis de Fun\u00e8s. The film is known under the titles: \"Four Bags Full\" (USA), \"Pig Across Paris\" (UK), \"The Trip Across Paris\" (International English title). It is set in occupied Paris in 1942 and tells the story of two men who defy the curfew to deliver pork for the black market. The film is based on the short story \"La travers\u00e9e de Paris\" by Marcel Aym\u00e9.\nThe film competed at the 17th Venice International Film Festival, where Bourvil won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor. The cynical portrayal of the occupation era was unconventional and made the film controversial upon the original release.", "Q252959": "Gaobeidian (Chinese: \u9ad8\u7891\u5e97; pinyin: G\u0101ob\u0113idi\u00e0n) is a county-level city in central Hebei province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Baoding Prefecture-level city. Gaobeidian has 4 subdistricts, 6 towns, and 4 townships, and a total of 442 villages. It is 82 kilometres (51 mi) south of Beijing and 68 kilometres (42 mi) north of Baoding.\nGaobeidian City was long known as Xincheng County (simplified Chinese: \u65b0\u57ce\u53bf; traditional Chinese: \u65b0\u57ce\u7e23; pinyin: X\u012bnch\u00e9ng Xi\u00e0n). In 1993, its name was changed to Gaobeidian City.", "Q185061": "The Greatest is a 2009 American drama film written and directed by Shana Feste in her directorial debut, and starring Pierce Brosnan (also an executive producer), Susan Sarandon, Carey Mulligan, and Michael Shannon.", "Q437356": "Amelia Ann Blanford Edwards (7 June 1831 \u2013 15 April 1892), also known as Amelia B. Edwards, was an English novelist, journalist, traveller and Egyptologist. Her most successful literary works included the ghost story \"The Phantom Coach\" (1864), the novels Barbara's History (1864) and Lord Brackenbury (1880), and the Egyptian travelogue A Thousand Miles up the Nile (1877). In 1882, she co-founded the Egypt Exploration Fund. She also edited a poetry anthology published in 1878.\n\n", "Q225509": "Susannah Yolande Fletcher (9 January 1939 \u2013 15 January 2011), known professionally as Susannah York, was an English actress. Her appearances in various films of the 1960s, including Tom Jones (1963) and They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969), formed the basis of her international reputation. An obituary in The Telegraph characterised her as \"the blue-eyed English rose with the china-white skin and cupid lips who epitomised the sensuality of the swinging sixties\", who later \"proved that she was a real actor of extraordinary emotional range\".York's early films included The Greengage Summer (1961) and a Golden Globe-nominated role in Freud (1962). She went on to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and win the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for They Shoot Horses, Don't They? She also won the 1972 Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress for Images. Her other film appearances included Sands of the Kalahari (1965), The Killing of Sister George (1968), Battle of Britain (1969), Jane Eyre (1970), Zee and Co. (1972), Gold (1974), The Maids (1975), Conduct Unbecoming (1975), Eliza Fraser (1976), The Shout (1978), The Silent Partner (1978), and Superman (1978). She was appointed an Officier de L'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 1991.", "Q438065": "Ebubennem Megalyn Ann Echikunwoke ( MEG-\u0259-lin eh-CHIK-uun-WOH-kay; born May 28, 1983), also known as Megalyn E.K., is an American actress, known primarily for her roles in television and film.\nBorn in Spokane, Washington, Echikunwoke was discovered while performing in a theatrical production for an arts academy, and began working professionally at age 15, appearing in an episode of The Steve Harvey Show. Between 2001 and 2002, she starred as Nicole Palmer, daughter of David Palmer, on the Fox series 24, followed by guest roles on ER and Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Between 2004 and 2005, she portrayed Angie Barnett, the half-sister of Steven Hyde, on the sitcom That '70s Show. In 2006, Echikunwoke starred as a lead in the series The 4400 which ran until 2007, followed by recurring roles on 90210 and House of Lies.\nHer film roles in the early 2010s include Whit Stillman's Damsels in Distress (2011), and the action sequel A Good Day to Die Hard (2013). In 2016, she portrayed Mari McCabe / Vixen in the Arrowverse. The following year, Echikunwoke had a supporting role in CHiPs (2017), followed by the independent comedy An Actor Prepares (2018). Next, she co-starred in the comedy Night School (2018). In late 2018, Echikunwoke made her New York stage debut in an off-Broadway production of Apologia.", "Q64265": "Karl Gustav Adolf Knies (29 March 1821 \u2013 3 August 1898) was a German economist of the historical school of economics, best known as the author of Political Economy from the Standpoint of the Historical Method (1853). Knies taught at the University of Heidelberg for over 30 years, and was perhaps the most theoretically oriented economist of the older historical school.Like others in the German historical school, Knies disliked the attitudes of the \"classical school\" (Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and their followers), particularly their belief that the pursuit of individual self-interest redounded to the good of the community. In his Political Economy, p. 157, he comments that self-interest is \"in the public interest, so to speak, in its weakness, and dangerous in its strength\" (gemeinn\u00fctzig, so zu sagen, in seine Schw\u00e4che und gef\u00e4hrlich in seine St\u00e4rke).\nKnies is very important to early American economic thought, as some of its founders studied under him, e.g., John Bates Clark attended from 1872 to 1875 the University of Zurich and the University of Heidelberg where he studied under him; Clark supervised the thesis of Frank Knight, who in turn influenced Paul Samuelson, who was the first to win the John Bates Clark Medal for the best American economist under age forty. Richard T. Ely studied under Knies and received his PhD in 1879 in Heidelberg.", "Q242586": "Diane Neal (born November 17, 1975) is an American actress best known for her role as Casey Novak in the television series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, which she played from 2003 to 2008 and 2011 to 2012. She is also known for portraying Coast Guard Investigative Service Special Agent Abigail Borin in the NCIS franchise and NCIS: New Orleans.", "Q724386": "Birger Ljungstr\u00f6m (4 June 1872 \u2013 17 November 1948) was a Swedish engineer, technical designer, industrialist, and inventor.", "Q448596": "Andr\u00e9e Putman (23 December 1925 \u2013 19 January 2013) was a French interior and product designer.\nShe was the mother of Olivia Putman and of Cyrille Putman.\n\n", "Q2135791": "Recommended Records (R\u0113R) is a British independent record label and distribution network founded by Chris Cutler with Nick Hobbs in March 1978. R\u0113R features largely \"Rock in Opposition\" and related music, but it also distributes selected music released on other independent labels.\nIn 1982 Cutler established November Books, the publishing wing of Recommended Records, and between 1985 and 1997, Recommended Records and November Books published R\u0113R Quarterly, a \"quarterly\" sound-magazine edited by Cutler.In 1989 Recommended Records became known as R\u0113R Megacorp with a turnover of \u00a3180,000 in 1994.", "Q461104": "Jaroslav Vrchlick\u00fd (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8jaroslav \u02c8vr\u0329xl\u026atski\u02d0]; 17 February 1853 \u2013 9 September 1912) was one of the greatest Czech lyrical poets. He was nominated for the Nobel prize in literature eight times.", "Q329455": "A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer of a lower or puisne court, elected or appointed by means of a commission (letters patent) to keep the peace. In past centuries the term commissioner of the peace was often used with the same meaning. Depending on the jurisdiction, such justices dispense summary justice or merely deal with local administrative applications in common law jurisdictions. Justices of the peace are appointed or elected from the citizens of the jurisdiction in which they serve, and are (or were) usually not required to have any formal legal education in order to qualify for the office. Some jurisdictions have varying forms of training for JPs.", "Q110278": "Vanilla Sky is a 2001 American science fiction psychological thriller film directed, written, and co-produced by Cameron Crowe. It is an English-language adaptation of Alejandro Amen\u00e1bar's 1997 Spanish film Open Your Eyes, which was written by Amen\u00e1bar and Mateo Gil, with Pen\u00e9lope Cruz reprising her role from the original film. The film has been described as \"an odd mixture of science fiction, romance and reality warp\".The film stars Tom Cruise, Pen\u00e9lope Cruz and Cameron Diaz, with Jason Lee and Kurt Russell appearing in supporting roles. It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song, as well as Screen Actors Guild and Golden Globe Award nominations for Cameron Diaz's performance.", "Q4356896": "Aleko Axel August Eugen Lilius (2 April 1890 \u2013 24 June 1977) was an explorer, businessman, diplomat, writer, journalist, and photographer of Finnish, Swedish, and Russian extraction. He has been described as an English journalist, a Russian Finn, an American of Finnish origin, a Swedish journalist and adventurer, and an intrepid American journalist. He is the author of I Sailed with Chinese Pirates, an account of the time he spent among pirates of the South China seas.", "Q74062": "Adolph Hausrath (13 January 1837 \u2013 2 August 1909), a German theologian, was born at Karlsruhe.", "Q1269512": "Winfried B\u00f6nig (born 1959 in Bamberg) is a German organist.\nB\u00f6nig studied organ and church music at the Musikhochschule M\u00fcnchen with Franz Lehrndorfer from 1978 to 1984. He passed his A exam in 1982 with distinction. Afterwards he studied musicology in Augsburg (doctorate). Between 1984 and 1998 he was organist of St. Josef in Memmingen. In 1998 he was appointed professor of organ at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik in Cologne. Among his students is Ulrich Cordes. In 2001 he became organist of Cologne Cathedral.", "Q185075": "Saint-Germain-en-Laye (French pronunciation: \u200b[s\u025b\u0303 \u0292\u025b\u0281m\u025b\u0303 \u0251\u0303 l\u025b]) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the \u00cele-de-France in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, 19.1 km (11.9 mi) from the centre of Paris.\nInhabitants are called Saint-Germanois or Saint-Germinois. With its elegant tree-lined streets it is one of the more affluent suburbs of Paris, combining both high-end leisure spots and exclusive residential neighborhoods (see the Golden Triangle of the Yvelines).\nSaint-Germain-en-Laye is a sub-prefecture of the department. Because it includes the National Forest of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, it covers approximately 48 km2 (19 sq mi), making it the largest commune in the Yvelines. It occupies a large loop of the Seine. Saint-Germain-en-Laye lies at one of the western termini of Line A of the RER.", "Q291906": "Jacqueline Saburido (Spanish pronunciation: [\u025f\u029dake\u02c8lin sa\u03b2u\u02c8\u027ei\u00f0o]; 20 December 1978 \u2013 20 April 2019) was a Venezuelan activist and burn survivor who campaigned against drunk driving. After a car crash in 1999 Saburido received burns on 60% of her body; she went on to appear in drunk-driving ads and was twice a guest on The Oprah Winfrey Show. She also unsuccessfully tried to become Britain's first face transplant patient.", "Q191000": "The oud (Arabic: \u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e \u02bf\u016bd [\u0295u\u02d0d]) is a short-neck lute-type, pear-shaped stringed instrument (a chordophone in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of instruments) with 11 or 13 strings grouped in 5 or 6 courses.\nThe oud is very similar to modern lutes, and also to Western lutes. The modern oud is most likely derived from the Persian barbat. Similar instruments have been used in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia for thousands of years, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, North Africa, the Caucasus, and the Levant; there may even be prehistoric antecedents of the lute. The oud, as a fundamental difference with the western lute, has no frets and a smaller neck. It is the direct ancestor of the European lute. The oldest surviving oud is thought to be in Brussels, at the Museum of Musical Instruments.An early description of the \"modern\" oud was given by 11th-century musician, singer and author Al-Hasan Ibn al-Haytham : \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 (c. 965 \u2013 c. 1040) in his compendium on music \u1e24\u0101w\u012b al-Fun\u016bn wa Salwat al-Ma\u1e25z\u016bn. The first known complete description of the \u201b\u016bd and its construction is found in the epistle Ris\u0101la f\u012b-l-Lu\u1e25\u016bn wa-n-Nagham by 9th-century Philosopher of the Arabs Ya\u02bbq\u016bb ibn Is\u1e25\u0101q al-Kind\u012b. Kind\u012b's description stands thus:\n\n\"[and the] length [of the \u201b\u016bd] will be: thirty-six joint fingers \u2013 with good thick fingers \u2013 and the total will amount to three ashb\u0101r. And its width: fifteen fingers. And its depth seven and a half fingers. And the measurement of the width of the bridge with the remainder behind: six fingers. Remains the length of the strings: thirty fingers and on these strings take place the division and the partition, because it is the sounding [or \"the speaking\"] length. This is why the width must be [of] fifteen fingers as it is the half of this length. Similarly for the depth, seven fingers and a half and this is the half of the width and the quarter of the length [of the strings]. And the neck must be one third of the length [of the speaking strings] and it is: ten fingers. Remains the vibrating body: twenty fingers. And that the back (soundbox) be well rounded and its \"thinning\"(khar\u0163) [must be done] towards the neck, as if it had been a round body drawn with a compass which was cut in two in order to extract two \u201b\u016bds\".\nIn Pre-Islamic Arabia and Mesopotamia, the oud had only three strings, with a small musical box and a long neck without any tuning pegs. But during the Islamic era the musical box was enlarged, a fourth string was added, and the base for the tuning pegs (Bunjuk) or pegbox was added. In the first centuries of (pre-Islamic) Arabian civilisation, the oud had four courses (one string per course \u2014 double-strings came later), tuned in successive fourths. Curt Sachs said they were called (from lowest to highest pitch) bamm, ma\u1e6dla\u1e6d, ma\u1e6dn\u0101 and z\u012br. \"As early as the ninth century\" a fifth string \u1e25\u0101d (\"sharp\") was sometimes added \"to make the range of two octaves complete\". It was highest in pitch, placed lowest in its positioning in relation to other strings. Modern tuning preserves the ancient succession of fourths, with adjunctions (lowest or highest courses), which may be tuned differently following regional or personal preferences. Sachs gives one tuning for this arrangement of five pairs of strings, d, e, a, d', g'.Historical sources indicate that Ziryab (789\u2013857) added a fifth string to his oud. He was well-known for founding a school of music in Andalusia, one of the places where the oud or lute entered Europe. Another mention of the fifth string was made by Al-Hasan Ibn al-Haytham in \u1e24\u0101w\u012b al-Fun\u016bn wa Salwat al-Ma\u1e25z\u016bn.", "Q706641": "Charles Edward Hugo (born February 24, 1974) is an American record producer, multi-instrumentalist, singer and songwriter. He is one half of the music production and writing duo The Neptunes and a member of N.E.R.D. He is a saxophonist, pianist and guitarist. Along with his production partner Pharrell Williams, he has produced number-one hit tracks.", "Q4830319": "Carl Axel L\u00f8venskiold (13 January 1912 \u2013 28 September 1980) was a Norwegian landowner and painter.", "Q3166786": "Jean-Louis Gergorin is a former French diplomat and former executive vice president of EADS \u2013 the giant European aerospace company that controls Airbus.\nHe was at the origin of the Clearstream 2 scandal in France, which raised much turmoil in the French political life from 2006 to 2010.\nHe was later found in this case guilty of slanderous denunciation, use of forgery, concealment of breach of trust and theft.", "Q644300": "Winterthur District is one of the twelve districts of the German-speaking canton of Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland. It has a population of 169,513 (as of 31 December 2018). Its capital is the city of Winterthur.", "Q70204": "Le Landeron is a municipality in the district of Neuch\u00e2tel in the Swiss canton of Neuch\u00e2tel.", "Q78658": "Franz Kutschera (22 February 1904 \u2013 1 February 1944) was an Austrian Nazi politician and government official. He held numerous political and military positions with the Nazi Party and the Schutzstaffel (SS) both before and after the German Anschluss of Austria in 1938. During World War II he served with the SS in France, Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union.\nIn 1943 he was appointed SS and Police Leader in German-occupied Warsaw, the capital of Poland. Due to his crimes against Poles - including Polish Jews - the Polish resistance Home Army, in agreement with the Polish government in exile, targeted him for assassination. He was gunned down by the Poles in front of the SS headquarters in Warsaw in a special operation by Kedyw, a dedicated Polish special operations unit.\nIn reprisal, the Nazis murdered 300 Polish civilians.", "Q4867241": "Sir Basil Edward Peto, 1st Baronet (13 August 1862 \u2013 28 January 1945) was a British businessman and Unionist politician.Born at Westminster, Peto was the seventh son of Sir Morton Peto, 1st Baronet. He entered Harrow School, but was withdrawn at the age of seventeen when his father experienced financial difficulties. He became an apprentice joiner with his family's business, Peto Brothers, building contractors, of Pimlico. He became a partner in the company in 1884 and married Mary Matilda Annie Baird in 1892. The couple had three sons. In 1890 Peto attempted to bring in a form of profit-sharing to the company. The proposal was opposed by the trade unions, leading to a strike. The company was dissolved in 1893 and Peto was financially ruined.He took up employment with Morgan Crucible in 1892, eventually becoming managing director by 1904, when he resigned. He travelled widely for the company supervising the mining and purchase of plumbago in the United States, Canada, India and Ceylon.Peto was chosen by the Conservative Party to contest the January 1910 general election, regaining the Devizes constituency in Wiltshire which had been lost to the Liberals in 1906. He retained the seat until the 1918 election.During the First World War he held a temporary commission in the British Army and acted as the Chief Commissioner for Belgian Refugee Affairs. He was made a Commander of the Order of Leopold by Albert I of Belgium.Peto returned to the Commons, twice serving as Member of Parliament for Barnstaple, holding the seat from 1922 to 1923 and again from 1924 to 1935. He was created a Baronet, of Barnstaple in the County of Devon, in January 1927. He found himself at odds with many of the policies of Stanley Baldwin's Conservative government, and lost the party whip to sit as an independent in April 1928. Following a unanimous vote of confidence in him by his local party executive, he was readmitted to the parliamentary party in November. In June 1934 he announced that he would be retiring from parliament at the next general election, which was held in the following year.Peto served as chairman of the National Society for the Prevention of Venereal Disease from 1926 \u2013 1939.Peto died at his home, Iford Gatehouse, near Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire in January 1945 aged 82. He was succeeded by his elder son James Michael Peto (1894\u20131971). A younger son Christopher (1897\u20131980) succeeded his elder brother and also served as MP for Barnstaple.", "Q2087651": "Philippe Lemaire (14 March 1927 \u2013 15 March 2004) was a French actor. He appeared in more than ninety films between 1946 and 2004. \nLemaire was married three times; Nicole Pinton (1949\u20131951) (divorced); Juliette Gr\u00e9co from 1953 to 1956, had one daughter, Laurence-Marie Lemaire (b. 1954); and to Claude Bouton (1959\u20131980) (divorced). He committed suicide one day after his 77th birthday.", "Q706899": "Nicholas James MacDonald Patrick, Ph.D. (born 19 November 1964), is a British-American engineer and a former NASA astronaut. His flight on the 2006 Discovery STS-116 mission made him the fourth person born in the United Kingdom to go into space.\n\n", "Q197471": "Zhao Wei (born 12 March 1976), also known as Vicky Zhao or Vicki Zhao, is a Chinese actress, businesswoman, film director, producer and pop singer. She is considered one of the most popular actresses in China and Chinese-speaking regions, and one of the highest paid actresses.While studying at the Beijing Film Academy, Zhao rose to national and regional prominence overnight for her role as Xiao Yanzi (\"Little Swallow\") in the hit TV series My Fair Princess (1998\u20131999), for which she also won Golden Eagle Award for Best Actress. My Fair Princess enjoyed unprecedented success in East and Southeast Asian countries, and Zhao is regarded by many as Mainland China's first \"national idol\" since the economic reform began in 1978.\nOver her 20 years acting career, Zhao has starred in many box-office hits, including Shaolin Soccer (2001), Red Cliff (2008\u20132009), Painted Skin (2008), Painted Skin: The Resurrection (2012), Dearest (2014) and Lost in Hong Kong (2015). She has received numerous awards from the Shanghai International Film Festival, Huabiao Awards, Changchun Film Festival, Hundred Flowers Awards and Shanghai Film Critics Awards for films like A Time to Love (2005) and Mulan (2009). In 2014, after almost a two-year break from acting, she appeared in Peter Chan's film Dearest, and won the Hong Kong Film Critics Society Award and Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actress.\nWhile focusing mostly on films, her works also include TV series such as Romance in the Rain (2001), Moment in Peking (2005) and Tiger Mom (2015). She has a music career, starting with her debut album Swallow (1999), and has released 7 albums. In 2006, she won the MTV Asia Award for Favorite Artist from Mainland China, for her album Double.\nZhao ranked 80th on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2013, 22nd in 2014, 7th in 2015, and 28th in 2017.Zhao received her master's degree of Film Directing from Beijing Film Academy in 2012. Her directorial debut So Young (2013) was both a box office and critical success. It broke the box office record for films directed by female Chinese directors in a week, and eventually became one of the highest-grossing films in China. The movie earned her multiple awards in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, including Golden Rooster Award for Best Directorial Debut, Hundred Flowers Award for Best Director and Hong Kong Film Award for Best Film from Mainland and Taiwan.\nIn 2016, Zhao was named as member of the main Jury at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival.\nIn September 2017, she was named as a member of the main competition jury for the 30th Tokyo International Film Festival.", "Q355788": "Leroy Smeck (6 February 1900 \u2013 5 April 1994) was an American musician. His skill on the banjo, guitar, and ukulele earned him the nickname \"The Wizard of the Strings\".", "Q187662": "Mayu Watanabe (\u6e21\u8fba \u9ebb\u53cb, Watanabe Mayu, born March 26, 1994) is a Japanese singer, actress, and former member of the Japanese idol girl group AKB48 under Team B. In the annual AKB48 General Elections event, she had consistently been voted by fans to rank among the group's top members. She has released five solo singles, many of which have peaked in the top ten in the Oricon charts, and one solo album. She left the group on the last day of 2017.", "Q78880": "Marguerita Maria \"Mady\" Christians (January 19, 1892 \u2013 October 28, 1951) was an Austrian-American actress who had a successful acting career in theatre and film in the United States until she was blacklisted during the McCarthy period.", "Q57863": "Serik Nyghmetuly Akhmetov (Kazakh: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043a \u041d\u044b\u0493\u043c\u0435\u0442\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, Serik Ny\u01f5metuly Ahmetov; born 25 June 1958) was Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 2012 to 2014. He served as the Minister of Defense from April to October 2014.\nAkhmetov served for a time as Deputy Governor of Astana before being appointed to the Government of Kazakhstan as Minister of Transportation on 25 September 2006. He has also served as Chairman of the Board of the Atameken National Union of Entrepreneurs and Employers of Kazakhstan since 2005. President Nursultan Nazarbayev appointed Akhmetov as Prime Minister following the resignation of Karim Massimov on 24 September 2012.\n\n", "Q66300": "Langnau im Emmental is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nIt is situated in the upper Emmental between Bern and Lucerne.\nIt has about 9,000 inhabitants and is the most important market place in the region. It is set among rolling hills. The average temperature is 7.1 \u00b0C (44.8 \u00b0F), and the average precipitation is 1,371 mm (54.0 in). The village is one of the sunniest in Switzerland, with practically no fog.", "Q689400": "TU Wien (German: Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, also TUW and former, but still commonly used, Vienna University of Technology) is one of the major universities in Vienna, Austria. The university has received extensive international and domestic recognition in teaching as well as in research, and it is a highly esteemed partner of innovation oriented enterprises. It currently has about 28,100 students (29% women), eight faculties and about 5,000 staff members (3,800 academics). The university's teaching and research is focused on engineering, computer science, and natural sciences.\nThe university's educational offerings have achieved wide international and domestic recognition.\n\n", "Q69033": "Heinrich Held (6 June 1868 \u2013 4 August 1938) was a German Catholic politician and Minister President of Bavaria. He was forced out of office by the Nazi takeover in Germany in 1933.", "Q246086": "Six Bullets is a 2012 American action film directed by Ernie Barbarash and starring Jean-Claude Van Damme, Joe Flanigan, Anna-Louise Plowman, and Charlotte Beaumont. The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on September 11, 2012.", "Q28653591": "Ethel Mars (September 19, 1876 \u2013 March 23, 1959) was an American woodblock print artist, known for her white-line woodcut prints, also known as Provincetown Prints, and a children's book illustrator. She had a lifelong relationship with fellow artist Maud Hunt Squire, with whom she lived in Paris and Provincetown, Massachusetts.", "Q76113": "Xenia Seeberg (birthname Anke Wesenberg, born 4 April 1967 in Geldern, West Germany) is a film and television actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as Xev Bellringer in the science fiction television series Lexx. She also debuted as a singer in 1996 on the EMI Electrola label with her maxi single \"Heartbeat\". Several of her songs, including \"Heartbeat\", have appeared on compilations such as Dance Fever (1996), Dancemania 4 (1997) and Absolute Music 20 (1999).From 2003 to 2011, she was married to actor Sven Martinek. They have one son Philip-Elias (born 2005). She is the lead singer of the band Vertikals.In April 2005, Seeberg appeared on the cover of the German edition of Playboy.\nShe was ranked No. 84 on the Maxim Hot 100 Women of 2001.Seeberg stands 173 centimetres (5 ft 8 in) tall; speaks German, English, and French; and has degrees in Latin and philosophy. She studied theater at the Lee Strasberg school.", "Q266356": "Son Dam-bi (Korean: \uc190\ub2f4\ube44; born September 25, 1983) is a South Korean singer and actress. She made her singing debut in 2007, and released the song, \"On a Saturday Night\", in 2009. She made her acting debut in the 2009 Korean drama, Dream.", "Q31258": "Louis-Henri Murger, also known as Henri Murger and Henry Murger (27 March 1822 \u2013 28 January 1861) was a French novelist and poet.\nHe is chiefly distinguished as the author of Sc\u00e8nes de la vie de boh\u00e8me (Scenes of Bohemian Life), which is based on his own experiences as a desperately poor writer living in a Parisian garret (the top floor of buildings, where artists often lived) and as a member of a loose club of friends who called themselves \"the water drinkers\" (because they were too poor to afford wine). In his writing he combines instinct with pathos, humour, and sadness. The book is the basis for the opera La boh\u00e8me by Puccini, Leoncavallo's opera of the same name, and, at greater removes, the zarzuela Bohemios (Amadeu Vives), the operetta Das Veilchen vom Montmartre (K\u00e1lm\u00e1n), and the Broadway musical Rent. He wrote lyrics as well as novels and stories, the chief being La Chanson de Musette, \"a tear,\" says Gautier, \"which has become a pearl of poetry\".", "Q3063832": "Fabrice Br\u00e9gier (born 16 July 1961) is a French business executive. He was appointed president and chief operating officer of Airbus on 1 January 2017. He is on the executive committee of Airbus, which operates Airbus Commercial Aircraft, Airbus Defence and Space, and Airbus Helicopters. As of October 2018 he is now leading the French operations of Palantir Technologies.", "Q239652": "Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava (Russian: \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0442 \u0428\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041e\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0430; Georgian: \u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e2 \u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0; May 9, 1924 \u2013 June 12, 1997) was a Soviet and Russian poet, writer, musician, novelist, and singer-songwriter of Georgian-Armenian ancestry. He was one of the founders of the Soviet genre called \"author song\" (\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f, avtorskaya pesnya), or \"guitar song\", and the author of about 200 songs, set to his own poetry. His songs are a mixture of Russian poetic and folksong traditions and the French chansonnier style represented by such contemporaries of Okudzhava as Georges Brassens. Though his songs were never overtly political (in contrast to those of some of his fellow Soviet bards), the freshness and independence of Okudzhava's artistic voice presented a subtle challenge to Soviet cultural authorities, who were thus hesitant for many years to give him official recognition.", "Q175392": "Akosua Gyamama Busia (born 30 December 1966) is a Ghanaian actress, film director, author and songwriter who lives in the United Kingdom. She is best known for her role as Nettie Harris in the 1985 film The Color Purple alongside Whoopi Goldberg.", "Q4315005": "The National University of Science and Technology \"MISiS\" (formerly Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys State Technological University [ Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \"\u041c\u0418\u0421\u0438\u0421\"] ) is Russia's primary technological university in the field of steelmaking and metallurgy. It was established in 1918 as a part of the Moscow Mining Academy. In 1930, it became independent. During Stalin's regime, the Institute was renamed the Stalin Moscow Institute of Steel. It adopted the name Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys in 1962 after uniting with the Institute of Nonferrous Metals and Gold. The status of Technological University was awarded in 1993 and the status of a National University in 2008, when the institution adopted its current name.MISIS is the leading university of the Higher Metallurgical Education Association, whose members include universities from Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. It has joint degree programmes with the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology in Freiberg, Germany, and the Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine in Nancy, France.", "Q1156982": "Bedford\u2013Stuyvesant (), colloquially known as Bed\u2013Stuy, is a neighborhood in the north-central portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Bedford\u2013Stuyvesant is bordered by Flushing Avenue to the north (bordering Williamsburg), Classon Avenue to the west (bordering Clinton Hill), Broadway to the east (bordering Bushwick and East New York), and Atlantic Avenue to the south (bordering Crown Heights and Brownsville). The main shopping street, Fulton Street runs east\u2013west the length of the neighborhood and intersects high-traffic north\u2013south streets including Bedford Avenue, Nostrand Avenue, and Stuyvesant Avenue. Bedford\u2013Stuyvesant contains four smaller neighborhoods: Bedford, Stuyvesant Heights, Ocean Hill, and Weeksville (also part of Crown Heights). Part of Clinton Hill was once considered part of Bedford\u2013Stuyvesant.\nBedford\u2013Stuyvesant has the largest collection of intact and largely untouched Victorian architecture in the country, with roughly 8,800 buildings built before 1900. Its building stock includes many historic brownstones. These homes were developed for the expanding middle- to upper-middle class from the 1890s to the late 1910s. These homes contain highly ornamental detailing throughout their interiors and have classical architectural elements, such as brackets, quoins, fluting, finials, and elaborate frieze and cornice banding.\nSince the late 1930s the neighborhood has been a major cultural center for Brooklyn's African American population. Following the construction of the Fulton Street subway line (A and \u200bC trains) in 1936, African Americans left an overcrowded Harlem for greater housing availability in Bedford\u2013Stuyvesant. From Bedford\u2013Stuyvesant, African Americans have since moved into the surrounding areas of Brooklyn, such as East New York, Crown Heights, Brownsville, and Fort Greene. \nBedford\u2013Stuyvesant is mostly part of Brooklyn Community District 3, though a small part is also in Community District 8. Its primary ZIP Codes are 11205, 11206, 11216, 11221, 11233, and 11238. Bedford\u2013Stuyvesant is patrolled by the 79th and 84th Precincts of the New York City Police Department. Politically it is represented by the New York City Council's 36th District.", "Q41967": "Upper Austria (German: Ober\u00f6sterreich [\u02c8o\u02d0b\u0250\u02cc\u0294\u00f8\u02d0st\u0250\u0281a\u026a\u032f\u00e7] (listen); Austro-Bavarian: Oba\u00f6starreich; Czech: Horn\u00ed Rakousy; Slovak: Horn\u00e9 Rak\u00fasko) is one of the nine states or Bundesl\u00e4nder of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders on Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as on the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.437 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.", "Q84385": "Walter Arendt (born 17 January 1925 in Heessen; died 7 March 2005 in Bornheim) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).\nHe was Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs of Germany from 1969 to 1976. \nSince 1946 he was member of the SPD and member of the German Bundestag from 1961 to 1980.", "Q709214": "Georgy Petrov (31 May 1912, Pinega, Arkhangelsk Governorate - 17 May 1987) was a Soviet engineer.\nIn 1935 after graduating from the Moscow State University, Petrov worked at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. In 1944 he worked at NII-1, a jet propulsion research institute. In 1953 he was nominated professor at the Moscow State University. In the same year he became a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. From 1965 to 1973 Petrov directed the Russian Space Research Institute.", "Q981479": "Carl Celian Icahn (; born February 16, 1936) is an American businessman. He is the founder and controlling shareholder of Icahn Enterprises, a diversified conglomerate holding company based in New York City, formerly known as American Real Estate Partners. He is also Chairman of Federal-Mogul, an American developer, manufacturer and supplier of powertrain components and vehicle safety products.\nIn the 1980s Icahn developed a reputation as a \"corporate raider\" after profiting from the hostile takeover and asset stripping of the American airline TWA. According to Forbes magazine, Icahn had a net worth of $16.7 billion in 2020, making him the 26th-wealthiest person on the Forbes 400, and the 5th-wealthiest hedge fund manager.Icahn served as special economic adviser on financial regulation to U.S. President Donald Trump briefly in 2017, leaving amid concerns of conflicts of interest.\n\n", "Q274752": "Maria von Tasnady (16 November 1911 \u2013 16 March 2001) was a Hungarian singer, stage and film actress. She was born as M\u00e1ria Tasn\u00e1di Fekete and used a variety of other professional names including Maria De Tasnady during her career.\nvon Tasnady was born to ethnically Hungarian parents in Transylvania when it was still part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Following its transfer to Romania after the First World War, she emigrated to Hungary. \nShe was the Hungarian entrant at the 1931 Miss Europe contest, losing out to the French winner. Moving to Weimar Germany, she made her film debut in 1932.\nvon Tasnady appeared in twenty five films during her career. As well as Germany, she also worked in her native Hungary and Italy where she appeared in the patriotic war film Bengasi in 1942. Following the Second World War, she was employed by Radio Free Europe. She was married to the film producer Bruno Duday.", "Q265887": "Eileen Marie Davidson (born June 15, 1959) is an American actress, author, television personality and former model. Davidson is best known for her roles in soap operas as Kristen DiMera on NBC's Days of Our Lives, as well as Ashley Abbott on CBS's The Young and the Restless and The Bold and the Beautiful.\nIn 2014, for her role in Days of Our Lives, Davidson was awarded a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, the second actress to win a Daytime Emmy Award in the category of \"Lead Actress\" for the soap; and in 2018 she won the award again for her role on The Young and the Restless. Davidson also starred in the film The House on Sorority Row (1983), had a leading role in the short-lived CBS crime series Broken Badges (1990\u201391), and wrote a number of mystery novels in the 2000s. In 2014, Davidson joined the cast of Bravo reality television series The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills.", "Q336213": "George Mark Malloch Brown, Baron Malloch-Brown, (born 16 September 1953) is a former UK government minister (2007 \u2013 2009) and United Nations Deputy Secretary-General (2006), as well as development specialist at the World Bank and United Nations (1994 \u2013 2005), and a communications consultant and journalist. He was Minister of State in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the British Labour party government with responsibility for Africa, Asia and the United Nations (June 2007 - July 2009). Following his appointment to government, Malloch Brown was created a life peer on 9 July 2007 as Baron Malloch-Brown, of St Leonard's Forest in the County of West Sussex (his title is hyphenated but his surname is not). Malloch Brown was previously at the World Bank (1994\u20131999), the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme (1999\u20132005) and briefly United Nations Deputy Secretary-General (April to December 2006). He had previously worked at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1979\u20131983). He is also a former journalist for The Economist, development specialist, and communications consultant. He has served as Chair of the Royal African Society, among other non-governmental and private sector roles, such as membership of the Executive Committee of the International Crisis Group.", "Q96959": "Johann Baptist Gradl (25 March 1904 in Berlin \u2013 2 July 1988 in Berlin), was a German politician and member of the Christian Democratic Union.\nDuring the Weimar Republic Gradl was a member of the Zentrumspartei and he was its president in Berlin-Kreuzberg from 1930 to 1933.\nIn 1945 Gradl was among the founders and the leaders of the East German Christian Democratic Union in Berlin and the Soviet occupation zone. At the end of 1947 he was dismissed by the Soviet occupation forces and he joined the CDU in West Berlin.\nFrom 1957 to 1980 he was a member of the German Bundestag. Between 1965 and 1966 he was federal government minister for displaced and war-damaged persons. In 1966 he became federal minister for all-German issues in the second cabinet of chancellor Ludwig Erhard. After Erhard's death he became father of the house of the Bundestag. He was the first father of the house born in the 20th century.\nGradl was married to Marianne Brecour, and they had four children. He was a member of the Catholic parish of Mater Dolorosa in Berlin-Lankwitz and he is buried in a tomb of honour in Berlin-Tempelhof.", "Q2095533": "The Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore was founded by C. V. Raman, and was registered as a Society on 24 April 1934. Inaugurated on 31 July 1934, it began with 65 founding fellows. The first general meeting of Fellows, held on the same day, elected Raman as President, and adopted the constitution of the Academy.", "Q1521725": "Louisiana State University (officially Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, commonly referred to as LSU) is a public research university in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The university was founded in 1853 in what is now known as Pineville, Louisiana, under the name Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy. The current LSU main campus was dedicated in 1926, consists of more than 250 buildings constructed in the style of Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio, and the main campus historic district occupies a 650-acre (2.6 km\u00b2) plateau on the banks of the Mississippi River.\nLSU is the flagship school of the state of Louisiana, as well as the flagship institution of the Louisiana State University System, and is the most comprehensive university in Louisiana. In 2017, the university enrolled over 25,000 undergraduate and over 5,000 graduate students in 14 schools and colleges. Several of LSU's graduate schools, such as the E. J. Ourso College of Business and the Paul M. Hebert Law Center, have received national recognition in their respective fields of study. Designated as a land-grant, sea-grant and space-grant institution, LSU is also noted for its extensive research facilities, operating some 800 sponsored research projects funded by agencies such as the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. LSU is one of eight universities in the United States with dental, law, veterinary, medical, and Master of Business Administration programs. The LSU School of Veterinary Medicine is one of only 30 veterinary schools in the country and the only one in Louisiana.\nLSU's athletics department fields teams in 21 varsity sports (9 men's, 12 women's), and is a member of the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) and the SEC (Southeastern Conference). The university is represented by its mascot, Mike the Tiger.", "Q63278": "The Woman in the Fifth (French title La femme du V\u00e8me) is a 2011 French-British-Polish drama film directed and written by Pawe\u0142 Pawlikowski. Adapted from Douglas Kennedy's 2007 novel of the same name, the film centers on a divorced American writer (Ethan Hawke) who moves to Paris to be closer to his young daughter. As he embarks on an affair with a mysterious widow (Kristin Scott Thomas), a dark force seems to be taking control of his life.\n\n", "Q23884": "Louis Francis Cristillo (March 6, 1906 \u2013 March 3, 1959), professionally known as Lou Costello, was an American actor, best known for his film comedy double act with straight man Bud Abbott and their comedy routine \"Who's on First?\"\nThe comedians, who teamed up in burlesque in 1936, were among the most popular and highest-paid entertainers in the world during World War II. In 1942 they sold $85 million in war bonds in 35 days. By 1955 their popularity waned due to overexposure and their film and television contracts lapsed. The partnership ended soon afterwards.", "Q753668": "Masatoshi Mashima (\u771f\u5cf6 \u660c\u5229, Mashima Masatoshi, b. February 20, 1962) is a guitarist who has performed with Japanese rock bands such as The Blue Hearts, The High-Lows and The Cro-Magnons. He was born in Hino and raised in Kodaira in Tokyo, Japan.\nHis nickname while playing was \"Mashi.\"", "Q725926": "Bananarama are an English female pop music vocal duo, originally formed as a trio in London in 1981 by friends Sara Dallin, Siobhan Fahey and Keren Woodward. Their success on both pop and dance charts saw them listed in the Guinness World Records for achieving the world's highest number of chart entries by an all-female group. Between 1982 and 2009, they had 28 singles reach the Top 50 of the UK Singles Chart. \nThe group's 10 UK Top 10 hits include \"It Ain't What You Do...\" (1982), \"Really Saying Something\" (1982), \"Shy Boy\" (1982), \"Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye\" (1983), \"Cruel Summer\" (1983), \"Robert De Niro's Waiting...\" (1984) and \"Love in the First Degree\" (1987). In 1986, they had a U.S. number one with another of their UK Top 10 hits, a cover of \"Venus\". In total, they had 11 singles reach the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 (1983\u20131988), including the Top 10 hits \"Cruel Summer\" (1984) and \"I Heard a Rumour\" (1987). They are associated with the MTV-driven Second British Invasion of the US. The group featured on the 1984 Band Aid single, \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\". They topped the Australian ARIA albums chart in June 1988 with Wow! (1987), and earned Brit Award nominations for Best British Single for \"Love in the First Degree\", and Best Music Video for their 1988 hit cover of The Supremes single \"Nathan Jones\".Fahey left the group in 1988 and formed Shakespears Sister, best known for the UK number one \"Stay\" (1992). She was replaced by Jacquie O'Sullivan. This line-up had UK top five hits with \"I Want You Back\" (1988) and a cover of The Beatles' \"Help!\" (1989), recorded with comedy duo French and Saunders for the charity Comic Relief. In 1989 they embarked on their first world tour.\nAfter O'Sullivan's 1991 departure, Dallin and Woodward continued Bananarama as a duo, with hits including \"Movin' On\" (1992), \"More, More, More\" (1993) and \"Move in My Direction\" (2005). Fahey rejoined Bananarama in 2017 and they toured the UK in November/December 2017 and North America in February 2018. They performed their final dates as a trio in August 2018.", "Q9192": "Mandarin ( (listen); simplified Chinese: \u5b98\u8bdd; traditional Chinese: \u5b98\u8a71; pinyin: Gu\u0101nhu\u00e0; literally: 'speech of officials') is a group of Sinitic (Chinese) languages spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. The group includes the Beijing dialect, the basis of Standard Chinese. Because Mandarin originated in North China and most Mandarin languages and dialects are found in the north, the group is sometimes referred to as Northern Chinese (\u5317\u65b9\u8bdd b\u011bif\u0101nghu\u00e0 'northern speech'). Many varieties of Mandarin, such those of the Southwest (including Sichuanese) and the Lower Yangtze (including the old capital Nanjing), are not mutually intelligible or are only partially intelligible with the standard language. Nevertheless, Mandarin is often placed first in lists of languages by number of native speakers (with nearly a billion).\nMandarin is by far the largest of the seven or ten Chinese dialect groups, spoken by 70 percent of all Chinese speakers over a large geographical area, stretching from Yunnan in the southwest to Xinjiang in the northwest and Heilongjiang in the northeast. This is generally attributed to the greater ease of travel and communication in the North China Plain compared to the more mountainous south, combined with the relatively recent spread of Mandarin to frontier areas.\nMost Mandarin varieties have four tones. The final stops of Middle Chinese have disappeared in most of these varieties, but some have merged them as a final glottal stop. Many Mandarin varieties, including the Beijing dialect, retain retroflex initial consonants, which have been lost in southern varieties of Chinese.\nThe capital has been within the Mandarin area for most of the last millennium, making these dialects very influential. Some form of Mandarin has served as a national lingua franca since the 14th century. In the early 20th century, a standard form based on the Beijing dialect, with elements from other Mandarin dialects, was adopted as the national language. Standard Chinese is the official language of the People's Republic of China and Taiwan and one of the four official languages of Singapore. It is used as one of the working languages of the United Nations. It is also one of the most frequently used varieties of Chinese among Chinese diaspora communities internationally and the most commonly taught Chinese variety.", "Q169963": "Jason Statham (; born 26 July 1967) is an English actor and film producer. Typecast as the antihero, he is known for his action-thriller roles and portraying tough, irredeemable, and machiavellian characters. Throughout his film career, Statham has regularly performed his own stage combat and stunts. \nBorn in Derbyshire, England, he began practicing kung fu, kickboxing and karate recreationally in his youth while working at local market stalls. An avid footballer and diver, he was selected by Britain's national diving team to compete in the 1990 Commonwealth Games. Shortly after, he was asked to model for French Connection, Tommy Hilfiger, and Levi's in various advertising campaigns. Statham's past professional history working in market stalls inspired his casting in the Guy Ritchie crime films Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998) and Snatch (2000).\nThe commercial success of these films led him to star as Frank Martin in The Transporter trilogy (2002\u201308). After starring in a variety of heist and action thriller films such as The Italian Job (2003), Crank (2006), War (2007), The Bank Job (2008), The Mechanic (2011), Spy (2015), and Mechanic: Resurrection (2016), he established himself as a leading actor in Hollywood. He found further commercial success in the action series The Expendables (2010\u201314) and the Fast and the Furious franchise. He has played his character in the latter, Deckard Shaw, in Fast & Furious 6 (2013), Furious 7 (2015), The Fate of the Furious (2017) and in the spin-off Fast & Furious Presents: Hobbs & Shaw (2019).\nHis career as an actor and producer has been criticized for lacking depth and variety; however, he has also been praised for leading the 2000s and 2010s action movie resurgences. According to a BBC News report, his film career from 2002 to 2017 generated an estimated US$1.5 billion (\u00a31.1 billion) in ticket-sales, making him one of the movie industry's most bankable stars.", "Q157655": "Mairead Maguire (born 27 January 1944), also known as Mairead Corrigan Maguire and formerly as Mair\u00e9ad Corrigan, is a peace activist from Northern Ireland. She co-founded, with Betty Williams and Ciaran McKeown, the Women for Peace, which later became the Community for Peace People, an organization dedicated to encouraging a peaceful resolution of the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Maguire and Williams were awarded the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize.In recent years, she has criticised the Israeli government's policy towards Gaza, in particular to the naval blockade. In June 2010, Maguire went on board the MV Rachel Corrie as part of a flotilla that unsuccessfully attempted to breach the blockade.", "Q167796": "Pawlu \"Paul\" Xuereb (21 July 1923 \u2013 6 September 1994) was the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Malta July, 1986 \u2013 February, 1987 and Acting President of Malta between February 16, 1987 \u2013 April 4, 1989.\nHe was educated at the Regent Street Polytechnic in London, where he studied Journalism, Political Economy and Political Science. Upon completing his studies he returned to Malta in 1950 and took up the post of Managing Director of Fardex Trade Development Company (Malta) Ltd. In 1958 he joined the Department of Education as a visiting Master at the Lyceum. In 1959 Xuereb joined the Freedom Press as Literary Editor and Assistant Editor of the Malta Labour Party organ The Voice of Malta until 1964 when he was appointed General Manager of the Party publishing house. He entered politics in 1962, and contested the general election of that year when he was elected as Member of Parliament keeping his seat in the 1966, 1971, 1976 and 1981 elections. He was a Cabinet Minister between 1971 and 1976.\nXuereb was appointed by the Prime Minister as the Acting President of the Republic, following the end of term of Office of the third President. Xuereb took the Oath of Office on 16 February 1987. A bronze statue designed by late sculptor Anton Agius was erected within Howards' Gardens, just outside the Bastions of Mdina in Paul Xuereb's honour.", "Q233419": "Jennifer Kelly Tisdale (born September 18, 1981) is an American actress and singer who is known for her role as Chelsea in the comedy film Bring It On: In It to Win It.", "Q357821": "Guo Moruo (Chinese: \u90ed\u6cab\u82e5; November 16, 1892 \u2013 June 12, 1978), courtesy name Dingtang (\u9f0e\u5802), was a Chinese archaeologist, historian, poet, politician, and writer.", "Q224165": "30 Winchester per El Diablo is a 1965 Italian spaghetti western film directed and written by Gianfranco Baldanello. The film stars Carl M\u00f6hner and has occasionally been mistaken for a German western.", "Q320471": "Marcel Herrand (8 October 1897 \u2013 11 June 1953) was a French stage and film actor best remembered for his roles in swashbuckling or historical films.\nHe appeared in over 25 films between 1932 and 1952, but Herrand's best remembered role is as Lacenaire (based on Pierre Fran\u00e7ois Lacenaire) in Marcel Carn\u00e9's Children of Paradise (Les Enfants du Paradis, 1945). Other films in which Herrand appeared include The Last Days of Pompeii (1950) and Fanfan la Tulipe (1952), which also featured G\u00e9rard Philipe and Gina Lollobrigida, in which Herrand played the role of Louis XV of France.", "Q65609": "Niederbuchsiten is a municipality in the district of G\u00e4u in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q262130": "Richard Donner (born Richard Donald Schwartzberg, April 24, 1930) is an American director and producer of film and television and occasional comic-book writer. After directing the horror film The Omen (1976), Donner became famous for directing the first modern superhero film, Superman (1978), starring Christopher Reeve.\nDonner later went on to direct movies such as The Goonies (1985) and Scrooged (1988), while reinvigorating the buddy film genre with Lethal Weapon (1987) and its sequels. He and his wife, producer Lauren Shuler Donner, own the production company The Donner's Company, most well known for producing the X-Men film series. In 2000, he received the President's Award from the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films. Film historian Michael Barson writes that Donner is \"one of Hollywood's most reliable makers of action blockbusters\".\n\n", "Q925481": "Planet Funk is an Italian electronic band. The group is composed of Marco Baroni, Domenico \"GG\" Canu, Alex Neri, Alex Uhlmann and formerly Sergio Della Monica who died in February 2018. In addition a number of guest vocalists joined the group, including: Auli Kokko, Dan Black, Sally Doherty, Raiz, John Graham and Giuliano Sangiorgi. Alex Uhlmann also joined as the band's latest lead singer in November 2010.", "Q230138": "Tatum Beatrice O'Neal (born November 5, 1963) is an American actress and author. She is the youngest person ever to win a competitive Academy Award, which she won in 1974 at age 10 for her performance as Addie Loggins in Paper Moon (1973) opposite her father, Ryan O'Neal. She also starred as Amanda Whurlitzer in The Bad News Bears (1976), followed by Nickelodeon (1976), and Little Darlings (1980).\nO'Neal later appeared in guest roles in Sex and the City, 8 Simple Rules and Law & Order: Criminal Intent. From 2006 to 2007, she portrayed Blythe Hunter in the My Network TV drama series Wicked Wicked Games.", "Q1158987": "Daniel John \"Dan\" Baird (born December 12, 1953) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and producer. He is best known as the lead singer and rhythm guitarist from the 1980s rock band The Georgia Satellites. Baird formed The Georgia Satellites in 1980 and left the band in 1990 to pursue a solo career. He is often credited as one of the pioneers in cowpunk and alt-country music, which combines elements of rock music, country music, outlaw country, and punk rock.", "Q2618302": "Stuart Alan Ransom Rose, Baron Rose of Monewden (born 17 March 1949) is a British businessman and life peer, who was the executive chairman of Marks & Spencer until 2010, remaining as chairman until early 2011. He was knighted in 2008 for his services to the retail industry and created a Conservative life peer on 17 September 2014, taking the title Baron Rose of Monewden, of Monewden in the County of Suffolk.In 2013, Rose became chair of online retailer Ocado. In October 2015, he was appointed chair of Britain Stronger in Europe, the official remain campaign in the 2016 referendum on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union.", "Q323150": "Colin Jordan Seeley (2 January 1936 \u2013 7 January 2020) was an English motorcycle retailer who later became a successful motorcycle sidecar racer, motorcycle designer, constructor and retailer of accessories. In 1992 he was involved in running the Norton Rotary race team.", "Q66328": "Knonau is a municipality in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q498589": "Unkel is a town in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, near Remagen, about 20 km southeast of Bonn.\nUnkel is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde (\"collective municipality\") Unkel.", "Q858330": "A romance novel or romantic novel is a type of novel and genre fiction which places its primary focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people, and usually has an \"emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending.\"There are many subgenres of the romance novel, including fantasy, historical romance, paranormal fiction, and science fiction. Romance novels are read primarily by women.The term romance is also applied to a type of novel defined by Walter Scott as \"a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvelous and uncommon incidents.\"A thriving genre of works conventionally referred to as \"romance novels\" existed in ancient Greece. Other precursors can be found in the literary fiction of the 18th and 19th centuries, including Samuel Richardson's sentimental novel Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (1740) and the novels of Jane Austen. Austen inspired Georgette Heyer, the British author of historical romance set around the time Austen lived, as well as detective fiction. Heyer's first romance novel, The Black Moth (1921), was set in 1751.\nThe British company Mills & Boon began releasing escapist fiction for women in the 1930s. Their books were sold in North America by Harlequin Enterprises Ltd, which began direct marketing to readers and allowing mass-market merchandisers to carry the books.", "Q1086751": "Christopher Hollyday is a jazz alto saxophonist.", "Q510919": "Frank Conrad (May 4, 1874 \u2013 December 10, 1941) was an electrical engineer, best known for radio development, including his work as a pioneer broadcaster. He worked for the Westinghouse Electrical and Manufacturing Company in East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania for half a century. His experimental radio station provided the inspiration, and he acted in an advisory role, for the establishment of Westinghouse's first broadcasting service, over radio station KDKA.", "Q292599": "Maria Nikolayevna Yermolova (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430; July 15 [O.S. July 3] 1853 in Moscow \u2013 March 12, 1928, id.) was said to be the greatest actress in the history of the Maly Theatre in Moscow and the first person to be proclaimed the \"People's Artist of the Republic\" (1921).\nIn the course of her 50-year career, Yermolova particularly excelled in the roles which allowed her to \"emphasize her independence of spirit and her popular heroism in defiance of corrupt authority\", as the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica put it. Her contemporary and fellow Russian actor Constantin Stanislavski proclaimed her the greatest actress he had ever observed, thus placing her above Sarah Bernhardt and Eleonora Duse.\n\nFrom 1889 to 1928 she lived in a house on Tverskoy Boulevard in Moscow.\nFollowing her death, her flat was designated a national monument, and the Yermolova Theatre in the Tverskoy District of Moscow still bears her name. A minor planet 3657 Ermolova, discovered by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravlyova in 1978 is named after her. Ermolova crater on Venus is also named in her honor.", "Q78116": "Friedrich Dessauer (19 July 1881 \u2013 16 February 1963) was a physicist, a philosopher, a socially engaged entrepreneur and a journalist.\nFriedrich Dessauer was born in Aschaffenburg, Germany. As a young man he was fascinated by new discoveries in the natural sciences. He was particularly interested in the X-rays discovered by R\u00f6ntgen and their medical applications. After attending the humanistic Gymnasium in Aschaffenburg he studied electrical engineering and physics at the Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt and the University of Munich. Due to radiation damage during his research on the use of X-rays his face was badly damaged and he was repeatedly treated with plastic surgery. In connection with this, he was released from military service. Due to the death of his father, he initially interrupted his studies, continued in 1914 at the Goethe University Frankfurt and then completed it in 1917. From 1924 to 1933 he was a Zentrum party member of the Reichstag, the German Parliament.A practicing Catholic with a Jewish grandparent, he was imprisoned by the Nazis when they came to power for his opposition to Hitler. He was released at request of the Turkish government, who invited him to the University of Istanbul, where he was made chair of the Institute. Here he worked together with Erich Uhlmann to develop medical applications of X-rays in Turkey. He moved to Fribourg University in 1937 to become the chair of experimental physics.On 16 February 1963 Dessauer died from radioactive contamination. His name was added to the Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations in Hamburg, Germany.", "Q314924": "Anthony Charles Edwards (born July 19, 1962) is an American actor and director. He is most widely known for his role as Dr. Mark Greene on the first eight seasons of ER, for which he received a Golden Globe award and six Screen Actors Guild Awards, and was nominated for four consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards. Additionally, he has appeared in various movies and television shows, including Top Gun, Zodiac, Miracle Mile, Revenge of the Nerds, Planes, Northern Exposure and Designated Survivor.", "Q105885": "Petri, Ludwig Adolf (November 16, 1803 \u2013 January 8, 1873), was a German Neo-Lutheran clergyman.\nHe was born at L\u00fcthorst (by then a village of the Kingdom of Hanover), and was educated at the University of G\u00f6ttingen (1824\u201327) and, after being a private tutor for some time, became, in 1829, \"collaborator\" at the Kreuzkirche in Hanover, where he was assistant pastor from 1837 until 1851, and senior pastor from 1851 until his death. During the years 1830\u201337 his convictions gradually changed from rationalistic to orthodox. His power as a preacher was especially shown by his Licht des Lebens (Hanover, 1858) and Salz der Erde (1864). For \nthe improvement of the liturgy of his communion he wrote Bed\u00fcrfnisse and W\u00fcnsche der protestantischen Kirche im Vaterland (Hanover, 1832); and still more important service was rendered by his edition of the Agende der hannoverschen Kirchenordnungen (1852). In behalf of religious instruction he wrote his Lehrbuch der Religion fur die oberen Klassen protestantischer Schulen (Hanover, 1839; 9th ed., 1888), and later collaborated on the ill-fated new catechism of 1862. He likewise conducted for many years the theological courses in the seminary for preachers at Hanover, and in 1837 founded in the same city an association for theological candidates, over which he presided until 1848. In 1845\u201347 he edited, together with Eduard Niemann, the periodical Segen der evangelischen Kirche, and in 1848\u201355 was \neditor of the Zeitblatt fur die Angelegenheiten der lutherischen Kirche. In 1842 he founded an annual conference of the Hanoverian Lutheran clergy; and in 1853, together with General Superintendent Steinmetz and August Friedrich Otto M\u00fcnchmeyer, he established the well-known \"Lutheran Poor-box\" (Lutherischer Gotteskasten).\nAt the same time, Petri was firmly opposed to any amalgamation of the Lutheran and Reformed Churches, and assumed an unfavorable position even toward the Inner Mission.\nIn 1834 he helped to found the Hanoverian missionary society, of which he was first secretary and then president, while he materially aided the cause of foreign missions by his Die Mission and die Kirche (Hanover, 1841). His \nopposition to all movements in favor of a union of Lutherans and Reformed found renewed expression in his Beleuchtung der G\u00f6ttinger Denkschrift zur Wahrung der evangelischen Lehrfreiheit (Hanover, 1854), an attack on the unionistic sympathies of the theological faculty of G\u00f6ttingen. After this, Petri withdrew more and more from public life; and the only noteworthy work which he subsequently wrote was Der Glaube in kurzen Betrachtungen (4th \ned., Hanover, 1875).\nHe died at Hanover.\n This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Jackson, Samuel Macauley, ed. (1914). \"article name needed\". New Schaff\u2013Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)", "Q68305": "Wetzikon is a small town in the Zurich Highlands (Z\u00fcrcher Oberland) area of Switzerland, in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Z\u00fcrich.", "Q2149302": "Richard J. Davidson (born December 12, 1951) is professor of psychology and psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison as well as founder and chair of the Center for Healthy Minds.\n\n", "Q96971": "Laurenz Meyer (* February 15, 1948, in Salzkotten, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German politician (Christian Democratic Union or CDU).\nFrom 2000 to 2004 he was General Secretary of the CDU.", "Q368421": "Texas Rangers is a 2001 American action western film directed by Steve Miner and starring James Van Der Beek, Ashton Kutcher, Alfred Molina, and Dylan McDermott. It follows a group of Texas Rangers in the post-American Civil War era. The film is very loosely based upon the book Taming the Nueces Strip by George Durham, who based it on his own experiences serving in Captain Leander McNelly's Texas Ranger group as a young man. The film was panned by critics and was a box office bomb.\n\n", "Q7197": "Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir (UK: , US: , French: [sim\u0254n d\u0259 bovwa\u0281] (listen); 9 January 1908 \u2013 14 April 1986) was a French writer, intellectual, existentialist philosopher, political activist, feminist and social theorist. Though she did not consider herself a philosopher, she had a significant influence on both feminist existentialism and feminist theory.De Beauvoir wrote novels, essays, biographies, autobiography and monographs on philosophy, politics, and social issues. She was known for her 1949 treatise The Second Sex, a detailed analysis of women's oppression and a foundational tract of contemporary feminism; and for her novels, including She Came to Stay and The Mandarins. She was also known for her open, lifelong relationship with French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.", "Q311684": "Michael Grant Ignatieff (; born May 12, 1947) is a Canadian author, academic and former politician. He was the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada and Leader of the Official Opposition from 2008 until 2011. Known for his work as a historian, Ignatieff has held senior academic posts at the universities of Cambridge, Oxford, Harvard, and Toronto. He is currently rector and President of Central European University.\nWhile living in the United Kingdom from 1978 to 2000, Ignatieff became well known as a television and radio broadcaster and as an editorial columnist for The Observer. His documentary series Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism aired on BBC in 1993, and won a Canadian Gemini Award. His book of the same name, based on the series, won the Gordon Montador Award for Best Canadian Book on Social Issues and the University of Toronto's Lionel Gelber Prize. His memoir, The Russian Album, won Canada's Governor General's Literary Award and the British Royal Society of Literature's Heinemann Prize in 1988. His novel, Scar Tissue, was short-listed for the Booker Prize in 1994. In 2000, he delivered the Massey Lectures, entitled The Rights Revolution, which was released in print later that year.\nIn the 2006 federal election, Ignatieff was elected to the House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for Etobicoke\u2014Lakeshore. That same year, he ran for the leadership of the Liberal Party, ultimately losing to St\u00e9phane Dion. He served as the party's deputy leader under Dion. After Dion's resignation in the wake of the 2008 election, Ignatieff served as interim leader from December 2008 until he was elected leader at the party's May 2009 convention. In the 2011 federal election, Ignatieff lost his own seat in the Liberal Party's worst showing in its history. Winning only 34 seats, the party placed a distant third behind the Conservatives and NDP, and thus lost its position as the Official Opposition. On May 3, 2011, Ignatieff announced that he would resign as leader of the Liberal Party, pending the selection of an interim leader, which became effective May 25, 2011.\nFollowing his electoral defeat, Ignatieff taught at the University of Toronto. In 2013, he returned to the Harvard Kennedy School part-time, splitting his time between Harvard and Toronto. On July 1, 2014, he returned to Harvard full-time. In 2016, he left Harvard to become president and rector of the Central European University in Budapest. He continues to publish articles and essays on international affairs as well as Canadian politics.\nIn December 2016, Ignatieff was named a Member of the Order of Canada.\n\n", "Q291090": "China Southern Airlines Company Limited is an airline headquartered in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. Established on 1 July 1988 following the restructuring of the CAAC Airlines that acquired and merged a number of domestic airlines, the airline became one of China's \"Big Three\" airlines (alongside Air China and China Eastern Airlines), the world's seventh-largest airline measured by passengers carried and Asia's largest airline in fleet size, revenue, and passengers carried. With its main hubs at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and Beijing Capital International Airport, the airline operates more than 2,000 flights to more than 200 destinations daily and was a member of SkyTeam until 1 January 2019. The airline started a frequent flyer program partnership with American Airlines in March 2019. The logo of the airline consists of a kapok flower (which is also the city flower of Guangzhou) on a blue tail fin.The parent company of China Southern Airlines Company Limited is China Southern Air Holding Company, a state-owned enterprise that was supervised by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council.", "Q126084": "Acre ( or ), known to locals as Akko (Hebrew: \u05e2\u05b7\u05db\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9, \u02bbAkk\u014d) or Akka (Arabic: \u0639\u0643\u0651\u0627\u200e, \u02bbAkk\u0101), is a city in the coastal plain region of the Northern District of Israel.\nThe city occupies an important location, sitting in a natural harbour at the extremity of Haifa Bay on the coast of the Mediterranean's Levantine Sea. Aside from coastal trading, it was also an important waypoint on the region's coastal road and the road cutting inland along the Jezreel Valley. The first settlement during the Early Bronze Age was abandoned after a few centuries but a large town was established during the Middle Bronze Age. Continuously inhabited since then, it is among the oldest continuously-inhabited settlements on Earth. It has, however, been subject to conquest and destruction several times and survived as little more than a large village for centuries at a time.\nIn present-day Israel, the population was 48,930 in 2018, made up of Jews, Muslims, Christians, Druze, and Baha'is. In particular, Acre is the holiest city of the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed Faith and receives many pilgrims of that faith every year. Thirty-two per cent of the city's population is Arab. The mayor is Shimon Lankri, who was reelected in 2011.", "Q109067": "Viktor Dyk (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8v\u026aktor \u02c8d\u026ak]) (31 December 1877 \u2013 14 May 1931) was a nationalist Czech poet, prose writer, playwright, politician and political writer. He was sent to jail during the First World War for opposing the Austro-Hungarian empire. He was one of the signatories of the Manifesto of Czech writers. Dyk co-founded a political party and entered politics. He died at age 53, leaving his many poems, plays and writings.\n\n", "Q106354": "August Winnig (31 March 1878 \u2013 3 November 1956) was a German politician, essayist and trade unionist.\nEarly involved in trade unionism and editorship, Winnig held elected and public offices from 1913 to 1921 as a Social Democratic Party (SPD) member. As Generalbevollm\u00e4chtigter (\"Minister Plenipotentiary\") for the Baltic Provinces in 1918, he signed the official recognition of the Latvian Provisional Government by the German Empire (1871\u20131918) that ended German claim over the region, despite being an opponent of that renouncement. He was nominated Oberpr\u00e4sident of East Prussia in 1919, and pressured the Weimar Republic (1918\u20131933) to create an autonomous eastern State in the Baltics.\nAfter his participation in the Kapp putsch of 1920 against the Weimar Republic, Winnig was removed from his positions by the regime and expelled from the SPD. He then became more involved into national socialist revolutionary thinking and, along with Ernst Niekisch, joined the Old Social Democratic Party of Germany (ASP) to turn their theories into a political programme. The ASP failure of the 1928 German federal election led Winnig to abandon his revolutionary programme.\nInitially welcoming the Nazis in 1933 as providing the \"salvation of the State\" from Marxism, his Lutheran convictions led Winnig to oppose the Third Reich (1933\u20131945) for its neo-pagan tendencies. In 1937, he wrote a best-selling essay named Europa. Gedanken eines Deutschen (\"Europe. Thoughts of a German\") that gives a cultural rather than racial theory of Europe, diverging from the official Nazi doctrines on race, although his book is strongly tainted by antisemitism. Winnig writes in his autobiographies that he went from being a national socialist to a Christian conservative during the Nazi rule over Germany. He died in Bad Nauheim on 3 November 1956.", "Q704718": "Jerome Solon Felder (June 27, 1925 \u2013 March 14, 1991), known as Doc Pomus, was an American blues singer and songwriter. He is best known as the lyricist of many rock and roll hits. Pomus was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a non-performer in 1992, the Songwriters Hall of Fame (1992), and the Blues Hall of Fame (2012).", "Q3057567": "Erwin Raisz (1 March 1893, L\u0151cse, Hungary \u2013 1 December 1968, Bangkok, Thailand) was a Hungarian-born American cartographer, best known for his physiographic maps of landforms.", "Q888461": "Robert Randall Bragan (October 30, 1917 \u2013 January 21, 2010) was an American shortstop, catcher, manager, and coach in Major League Baseball and an influential minor league executive. His professional baseball career encompassed 73 years, from his first season as a player in the Class D Alabama\u2013Florida League in 1937 to 2009, the last full year of his life, when he was still listed as a consultant to the Texas Rangers' organization. \nOn August 16, 2005, Bragan came out of retirement to manage the independent Central League Fort Worth Cats for one game, making him\u2014at 87 years, nine months, and 16 days old\u2014the oldest manager in professional baseball annals (besting by one week Connie Mack, the manager and part-owner of the Philadelphia Athletics). Always known as an innovator with a sense of humor\u2014and an umpire-baiter\u2014Bragan was ejected in the third inning of his \"comeback\", thus also becoming the oldest person in any capacity to be ejected from a professional baseball game.\nBragan died on January 21, 2010 of a heart attack at his home in Fort Worth.", "Q275464": "Claire Watson (n\u00e9e McLamore) (February 3, 1927 \u2013 July 16, 1986) was an American soprano, particularly associated with Mozart and Richard Strauss roles.\nBorn in New York City, she studied at the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, and later privately with Elisabeth Schumann and Sergius Kagen, in New York. She then left for Europe, where she studied in Vienna with Otto Klemperer. She made her stage debut in Graz, as Desdemona, in 1951.\nShe was engaged by the Frankfurt Opera in 1955, where she sang a wide range of roles, notably: Countess Almaviva, Pamina, Elisabeth, Leonora, Aida, Tatyana, Fiordiligi, Elisabeth de Valois, and the Die Marschallin, in which role she made her debut at the Royal Opera House in London in 1958, and at the Glyndebourne Festival in 1960.\nIn 1958, she became a member of the Bavarian State Opera in Munich, \nwhere she sang as Eva and Sieglinde.\nShe also made regular guest appearances in Berlin, Vienna, Salzburg, Milan, also appearing in America, notably in San Francisco, Chicago, and Buenos Aires. In 1971, Watson performed in Boston for the Peabody Mason Concert series.A singer of considerable warmth, musicality and sincerity, Watson was also greatly admired as Ariadne, the Countess in Capriccio, and especially as Ellen Orford in Peter Grimes, of which she left a memorable recording, conducted by Benjamin Britten himself.\nShe can also be heard on other recordings: as Agathe in Der Freisch\u00fctz, under Lovro von Mata\u010di\u0107, as Donna Anna in Don Giovanni, opposite Nicolai Ghiaurov and Nicolai Gedda, under Otto Klemperer, as well as Eva in a live recording of Die Meistersinger von N\u00fcrnberg, under Joseph Keilberth. She is both Freia and Gutrune in the landmark Decca/London Ring conducted by Solti. She also sang the Countess in the famous Karl Bohm DVD recording of \"Le Nozze di Figaro\" from the Salzburg Festival of 1966 with Ingvar Wixell, Reri Grist, Walter Berry and Edith Mathis.\nWatson died of a brain tumor in 1986 in Utting, Ammersee, Germany.", "Q436712": "Benjamin Charles Elton (born 3 May 1959) is a British comedian, author, playwright, musical librettist, actor and director. He was a part of London's alternative comedy movement of the 1980s and became a writer on series such as The Young Ones and Blackadder, as well as continuing as a stand-up comedian on stage and television. His style in the 1980s was left-wing political satire. Since then he has published 15 novels and written the musicals The Beautiful Game (2000), We Will Rock You (2002), Tonight's the Night (2003) and Love Never Dies (2010), the sequel to The Phantom of the Opera. His novels cover the dystopian, comedy, and crime genres.", "Q89689": "Gerhart von Schulze-G\u00e4vernitz (born 25 July 1864 in Breslau; died 10 July 1943 in Krainsdorf) was a German economist.", "Q2594380": "Adolph William \"Al\" Schwimmer (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05dc \u05e9\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05de\u05e8\u200e;\u200e 10 June 1917 \u2013 10 June 2011) was an American and later Israeli engineer and businessman. He was the founder and first CEO of Israel Aerospace Industries.\n\n", "Q1687614": "Jeremy Pelt (born November 4, 1976 in California) is an American jazz trumpeter.\nPelt studied classical trumpet as a child and focused on jazz after playing in a high school jazz ensemble. He studied at Berklee College of Music. Among those he has performed with are Ravi Coltrane, Roy Hargrove, Greg Osby, and Cassandra Wilson.", "Q147308": "Chernobyl Diaries is a 2012 American disaster horror film directed by Brad Parker and produced by Oren Peli, who also wrote the story. The film stars Jonathan Sadowski, Jesse McCartney, Devin Kelley, Olivia Taylor Dudley, Ingrid Bols\u00f8 Berdal, Nathan Phillips, and Dimitri Diatchenko, and was shot on locations in Pripyat, Hungary, and Serbia.", "Q45297": "Rajko Kuzmanovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0420\u0430\u0458\u043a\u043e \u041a\u0443\u0437\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; born 1 December 1931) is a Bosnian Serb politician in Bosnia and Herzegovina. He served as President of the Republic of Srpska from 7 December 2007 to 15 November 2010.\nHe succeeded the Acting President Igor Radoji\u010di\u0107. Kuzmanovi\u0107 won the election against Ognjen Tadi\u0107 of the Serbian Democratic Party with 41.33% of the vote.", "Q234438": "Marin Elizabeth Hinkle (born March 23, 1966) is an American actress. Among many television and movie roles, she is best known for playing Judith Harper-Melnick on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men, Judy Brooks on the ABC television drama Once and Again, and Rose Weissman in The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel. For her role in Maisel, Hinkle was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2019.", "Q1380398": "Peter Cincotti (born July 11, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter. He began playing piano at the age of three. While in high school, he regularly performed in clubs throughout Manhattan. In 2003, Cincotti's debut album, produced by Phil Ramone, reached No. 1 on the Billboard jazz chart, making Cincotti the youngest musician to do so. This led to performances at Carnegie Hall, Lincoln Center, Radio City Music Hall, L'Olympia, Queen Elizabeth Hall, and the Montreux Jazz Festival where he won an award in the piano competition. Cincotti's style blends pop, rock, blues, and jazz.", "Q62628": "Walter Hasenclever (8 July 1890 \u2013 22 June 1940) was a German Expressionist poet and playwright. His works were banned when the Nazis came to power and he went into exile in France; however, there he was imprisoned as a \"foreign enemy\". He died in Les Milles (Camp des Milles) near Aix-en-Provence.", "Q657432": "Mauricio Ara\u00fajo de Sousa (Portuguese pronunciation: [maw\u02c8\u027eisju d\u0292i \u02c8sowz\u0250] born October 27, 1935) is a Brazilian cartoonist who has created over 200 characters for his popular series of children's comic books.At 17 years of age, he worked for a daily newspaper called Folha da Manh\u00e3 as a crime reporter. In 1959, Sousa quit that job and began his comic book career, and created Monica's Gang. Sousa's characters were inspired by children he knew from his childhood and by his own children. His later style is slightly reminiscent of that of Osamu Tezuka, a famous Japanese manga artist and personal friend.", "Q1541947": "The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) is a lineage-based membership service organization for women who are directly descended from a person involved in the United States' efforts towards independence. A non-profit group, they promote historic preservation, education, and patriotism. The organization's membership is limited to direct lineal descendants of soldiers or others of the Revolutionary period who aided the cause of independence; applicants must have reached 18 years of age and are reviewed at the chapter level for admission. The DAR has over 1,000,000 members in the United States and other countries. Its motto is \"God, Home, and Country.\"", "Q552294": "Carlo Ratti (born 1971 in Turin, Italy) is an Italian architect, engineer, inventor, educator and activist. He is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he directs the MIT Senseable City Lab, a research group that explores how new technologies are changing the way we understand, design and ultimately live in cities. Ratti is also a founding partner of the international design and innovation office CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati, which he established in 2004 in Torino, Italy and now has a branch in New York City, United States. Ratti was named one of the \"50 most influential designers in America\" by Fast Company and highlighted in Wired Magazine's \"Smart List: 50 people who will change the world.\"Ratti has been featured in Esquire Magazine\u2019s \"Best & Brightest\" list and in Thames & Hudson's selection of \"60: Innovators Shaping our Creative Future.\" Blueprint Magazine included him as one of the \"25 People Who Will Change Architecture and Design,\" Forbes listed him as one of the \"Names You Need To Know.\"\n\n", "Q214930": "Ernst von Possart (11 May 1841 \u2013 8 April 1921) was a German actor and theatre director.\nPossart was born in Berlin and was early an actor at Breslau, Bern, and Hamburg. Connected with the Munich Court Theatre after 1864, he became the oberregisseur in 1875. In 1877 he was made director of the Bavarian royal theatres; from 1887 to 1892 toured the United States, Germany, Russia, and The Netherlands; in 1895 to 1905 was general director of the Bayerische Hoftheater; and in 1901 opened the Prinzregententheater (Prince Regent's Theatre).\nIn 1897, in return for Possart assisting him in gaining an orchestral post in Munich, Richard Strauss wrote a recitation for narrator and piano. They performed Enoch Arden in a number of cities. On February 15, 1878, Henrik Ibsen wrote him a personal letter commending him on his \"genius\" performance as \"Konsul Bernick\" in Ibsens play \"Pillars of society\" which had its opening date in K\u00f6nigliches Residenz-Theater, Munich 10 days earlier.\nIn the private royal theatre (the Residenz) he produced several of Mozart's operas. Among his own roles were Nathan, Gessler, Mephisto, Iago, and Shylock. He edited German versions of King Lear (1875), The Merchant of Venice (1880), and Coriolanus; wrote the plays Der Deutschfranz\u00f6sische Krieg (1871), Recht des Herzens (1898), and Im Aussichtswagen (1898); and published Aufgabe der Schauspielkunst (1895), Lehrgang des Schauspielers (1901), and descriptions of many of his own productions.\nIn 1868 Possart married opera singer Anna Deinet. In 1875 their daughter Ernestine von Possart (1875-1946) was born. Ernestine was married to operatic tenor Robert Hutt and also had a highly successful career as an operatic soprano, using the stage name Ernesta Delsarta. In 1883 Possart and Deinet divorced, but the couple reconciled and were remarried in New York City in 1888. Possart died in Munich, Germany at age 79.\nThis article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.", "Q790": "Haiti ( (listen); French: Ha\u00efti [a.iti]; Haitian Creole: Ayiti [ajiti]), officially the Republic of Haiti (French: R\u00e9publique d'Ha\u00efti; Haitian Creole: Repiblik D Ayiti) and formerly called Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, to the east of Cuba and Jamaica and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island which it shares with the Dominican Republic. To its south-west lies the small island of Navassa Island, which is claimed by Haiti but is disputed as a United States territory under federal administration. Haiti is 27,750 square kilometers (10,714 sq mi) in size and has an estimated population of 11.1 million, making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the second-most populous country in the Caribbean after Cuba.\nThe island was originally inhabited by the indigenous Ta\u00edno people, who migrated from South America. The first Europeans arrived on 5 December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus, who initially believed he had found India or China. Columbus subsequently founded the first European settlement in the Americas, La Navidad, on what is now the northeastern coast of Haiti. The island was claimed by Spain and named La Espa\u00f1ola, forming part of the Spanish Empire until the early 17th century. However, competing claims and settlements by the French led to the western portion of the island being ceded to France in 1697, which was subsequently named Saint-Domingue. French colonists established lucrative sugarcane plantations, worked by vast numbers of slaves brought from Africa, which made the colony one of the richest in the world.\nIn the midst of the French Revolution (1789\u201399), slaves and free people of color launched the Haitian Revolution (1791\u20131804), led by a former slave and the first black general of the French Army, Toussaint Louverture. After 12 years of conflict, Napoleon Bonaparte's forces were defeated by Louverture's successor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines (later Emperor Jacques I), who declared Haiti's sovereignty on 1 January 1804\u2014the first independent nation of Latin America and the Caribbean, the second republic in the Americas, the first country to abolish slavery, and the only state in history established by a successful slave revolt. Apart from Alexandre P\u00e9tion, the first President of the Republic, all of Haiti's first leaders were former slaves. After a brief period in which the country was split in two, President Jean-Pierre Boyer united the country and then attempted to bring the whole of Hispaniola under Haitian control, precipitating a long series of wars that ended in the 1870s when Haiti formally recognised the independence of the Dominican Republic. Haiti's first century of independence was characterised by political instability, ostracism by the international community and the payment of a crippling debt to France. Political volatility and foreign economic influence in the country prompted the United States to occupy the country from 1915\u20131934. Following a series of short-lived presidencies, Fran\u00e7ois 'Papa Doc' Duvalier took power in 1956, ushering in a long period of autocratic rule that was continued by his son Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier that lasted until 1986; the period was characterised by state-sanctioned violence against the opposition and civilians, corruption and economic stagnation. Since 1986 Haiti has been attempting to establish a more democratic political system.\nHaiti is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States (OAS), Association of Caribbean States, and the International Francophonie Organisation. In addition to CARICOM, it is a member of the International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. Historically poor and politically unstable, Haiti has the lowest Human Development Index in the Americas. Since the turn of the 21st century, the country has endured a coup d'\u00e9tat, which prompted a U.N. intervention, as well as a deadly earthquake that killed over 250,000.", "Q530377": "Megan Martha White (born December 10, 1974) is an American drummer and occasional singer known for her work in the Detroit rock duo The White Stripes. Her music career began when, on a whim, she played on Jack White's drums in 1997. Jack was deeply inspired by her minimalist and un-schooled drumming style. The two decided to form a band and began performing two months later. The duo named themselves The White Stripes because of their last name and Meg's fondness for peppermint candy. The band quickly became a Detroit underground favorite before reaching national, then international fame. White has been nominated for various awards as a part of the White Stripes, and has received four Grammy Awards.\nHer drumming style has been called \"primal\" for its simplicity, and has drawn both praise and criticism. Her musical influences are wide and varied, with Bob Dylan being her favorite artist.\nWhite calls herself \"very shy\", and has kept a low public profile. Meg and Jack White publicly portrayed themselves as siblings. However, public records emerged in 2001 that showed Meg and Jack were not related; in fact they had married in 1996 prior to the band's formation. They divorced in 2000, before The White Stripes ascended to international fame. In 2009, she married guitarist Jackson Smith, son of musicians Patti Smith and Fred \"Sonic\" Smith. They divorced in 2013.\nWhile on tour in support for The White Stripes' sixth studio album, Icky Thump, White suffered a bout of acute anxiety, and the remaining dates of the tour were cancelled. After a few public appearances, and a hiatus from recording, The White Stripes announced in February 2011 that they would be disbanding. White has not been active in the music industry since.", "Q68463": "Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov (Russian: \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, scientific transliteration: Grigorij Vasil'evi\u010d Romanov; 7 February 1923 \u2013 3 June 2008) was a Soviet politician and member of the Politburo and Secretariat of the CPSU. In 1985, he was considered Mikhail Gorbachev's main rival in the succession struggle after the death of Konstantin Chernenko in March 1985, the third Soviet leader to die in just a few short years.", "Q36279": "A biography, or simply bio, is a detailed description of a person's life. It involves more than just the basic facts like education, work, relationships, and death; it portrays a person's experience of these life events. Unlike a profile or curriculum vitae (r\u00e9sum\u00e9), a biography presents a subject's life story, highlighting various aspects of his or her life, including intimate details of experience, and may include an analysis of the subject's personality.\nBiographical works are usually non-fiction, but fiction can also be used to portray a person's life. One in-depth form of biographical coverage is called legacy writing. Works in diverse media, from literature to film, form the genre known as biography.\nAn authorized biography is written with the permission, cooperation, and at times, participation of a subject or a subject's heirs. An autobiography is written by the person himself or herself, sometimes with the assistance of a collaborator or ghostwriter.", "Q47480": "Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (; 8 August 1902 \u2013 20 October 1984) was an English theoretical physicist who is regarded as one of the most significant physicists of the 20th century.Dirac made fundamental contributions to the early development of both quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics. Among other discoveries, he formulated the Dirac equation which describes the behaviour of fermions and predicted the existence of antimatter. Dirac shared the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics with Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\". He also made significant contributions to the reconciliation of general relativity with quantum mechanics.\nDirac was regarded by his friends and colleagues as unusual in character. In a 1926 letter to Paul Ehrenfest, Albert Einstein wrote of Dirac, \"I have trouble with Dirac. This balancing on the dizzying path between genius and madness is awful.\" In another letter he wrote, \"I don't understand Dirac at all (Compton effect).\"He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, a member of the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami, and spent the last decade of his life at Florida State University.", "Q200945": "Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 10.8 km (6.7 mi) from the center of Paris.\nThe French writer Chateaubriand lived in the estate Vall\u00e9e-aux-Loups at Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry. The Garden City in the Butte Rouge, the Cit\u00e9 Jardins, is one of the earliest examples of housing at moderated rents (HLM).\nCh\u00e2tenay is the location of \u00c9cole Centrale Paris, of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Paris-Sud and of French national laboratory of doping detection. It is also the home of the Arboretum de la Vall\u00e9e-aux-Loups. The high-speed LGV Atlantique crosses the city through a tunnel covered by a park called Coul\u00e9e verte (greenway).\nSince 31 December 2002, it has been part of the Agglomeration community of Hauts de Bi\u00e8vre, which merged into the M\u00e9tropole du Grand Paris in January 2016.", "Q260069": "Luanne Ruth Schedeen (born January 8, 1949), known professionally as Anne Schedeen, is an American actress who worked primarily in television. She appeared in numerous guest-starring television roles in the 1970s before portraying the lead role of Kate Tanner on the series ALF from 1986 until 1990.\nSchedeen began her career in 1974, appearing in small television roles, and was cast in a supporting part in the sci-fi horror film Embryo (1976). She subsequently had recurring roles on Emergency! and Three's Company in the mid-to-late 1970s. In 1984, she was cast on the short-lived series Paper Dolls opposite Lloyd Bridges and Lauren Hutton. She appeared as Emily Phillips on the successful comedy series \u201cCheers\u201d (Season 2 episode 20), before appearing in all four seasons of ALF. She later appeared in a recurring role on the series Judging Amy in 2001.", "Q1338761": "The Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Romanian: Academia de \u015etiin\u0163e a Moldovei), established in 1946, is the main scientific organization of the Republic of Moldova and coordinates research in all areas of science and technology.", "Q67750": "Pollegio is a municipality in the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland, located in the lower Leventina (valley crossed by the river Ticino).", "Q4934625": "Bobbie Jean Brown (born October 7, 1969), sometimes credited as Bobbie Brown-Lane, is an American actress, model and former beauty pageant contestant. She appeared in the video for Warrant's Cherry Pie.\u201d", "Q133489": "Ronald Eldon \"Ron\" Sexsmith (born 8 January 1964) is a Canadian singer-songwriter from St. Catharines, Ontario. He was the songwriter of the year at the 2002 Juno Awards. He began releasing recordings of his own material in 1985 at age 21, and has since recorded fifteen albums. He was the subject of a 2010 documentary called Love Shines.\n\n", "Q31516": "Ivan Isidorovich Nosenko (Russian \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0418\u0441\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e) (19 April 1902 \u2013 2 August 1956) was a Soviet politician and from 1939 until his death in 1956. He was the People's Commissar for Shipbuilding of the USSR. He was the father of notable Soviet defector and KGB officer, Yuri Nosenko.\nNosenko was born in the village of Berlevets in Oryol Governorate (in present-day Dubrovsky District, Bryansk Oblast) and joined the Nikolayev Shipyard as a messenger boy in 1914. He became a trade unionist, and after completing military service and graduating from the Nikolayev Shipbuilding Institute, returned to the yard as a manager. Nosenko joined the Communist Party in 1925. Between 1938 and 1939 he was the managing director of the Baltic Yard in Leningrad. He was appointed Narkom (minister) of shipbuilding in 1940 and was also the 1st deputy commissar of the tank industry during the war. He was elected to the supreme Soviet in 1954 and between 1954 and 1956 was also head of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building (Atomic Energy)\nAt his funeral, important leaders of the Soviet Union, including Nikita Khrushchev, Georgi Malenkov, Nikolai Bulganin and Kliment Voroshilov, formed the honor guard. He has been commemorated with a bronze plaque in the Kremlin wall.Nosenko was awarded:\n\nOrder of Lenin - 3 times\nOrder of Nakhimov 1st class\nOrder of the Red Banner of Labour\nOrder of the Red Star\nOrder of the Badge of Honor", "Q113759": "Leopold Andrian, actually Leopold Freiherr Ferdinand von Andrian zu Werburg (May 9, 1875 in Berlin \u2212 November 19, 1951 in Fribourg) was an Austrian author, dramatist and diplomat.\nHe was a grandson of the German Jewish composer Giacomo Meyerbeer and friend of Arthur Schnitzler, Stefan George and Hugo von Hofmannsthal. After studying Law he began a diplomatic career in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Austria-Hungary. He became an expert for Russia and Poland and a close advisor of minister Count Leopold Berchtold. In Berchtold's order Andrian outlined the war aims of the Habsburg Monarchy at the beginning of World War I.\nAfter the war he worked for the Burgtheater in Vienna and the Salzburg Festival.\nHe wrote especially lyrics in the style Symbolism and Impressionism.", "Q77543": "Konrad Kyeser (26 August 1366 \u2013 after 1405) was a German military engineer, author of Bellifortis (c. 1405), a book on military technology popular throughout the 15th century. Originally conceived for King Wenceslaus, Kyeser dedicated the finished work to Rupert of Germany.\nKyeser, a native of Eichst\u00e4tt, was trained as a physician and lived at the court in Padua before he joined the crusade against the Turks which ended in disaster at the Battle of Nicopolis of 1396. Kyeser was in exile in a mountain village of Bohemia during the reign of Sigismund in 1402 to 1403.", "Q61321": "Rudolf Albert Scharping (born 2 December 1947) is a German lawyer and politician (SPD). He was from 1991 to 1994 the 6th Minister President of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate and 1998\u20132002 Federal Minister of Defence in the government of Chancellor Gerhard Schr\u00f6der. From 1993 to 1995 he was also the national chairman of the SPD. In the Bundestag election in 1994 he was candidate for chancellor. From March 1995 to May 2001 he served as chairman of the Party of European Socialists (PES).", "Q948": "Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa, covering 163,610 square kilometres (63,170 square miles). Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is also the northernmost point on the African continent. Tunisia is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia's population was 11.5 million in 2017. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis (Berber native name: Tunest), which is located on its northeast coast.\nGeographically, Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains, and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert. Much of the rest of the country's land is fertile soil. Its 1,300 kilometres (810 miles) of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and, by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel, feature the African mainland's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar.\nTunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic. It is considered to be the only fully democratic sovereign state in the Arab world. It has a high human development index. It has an association agreement with the European Union; is a member of La Francophonie, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, the OIC, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, the Community of Sahel\u2013Saharan States, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States. In addition, Tunisia is also a member state of the United Nations and a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Close relations with Europe, in particular with France and with Italy, have been forged through economic cooperation, privatisation and industrial modernization.\nIn ancient times, Tunisia was primarily inhabited by Berbers. Phoenician immigration began in the 12th century BC; these immigrants founded Carthage. A major mercantile power and a military rival of the Roman Republic, Carthage was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC. The Romans occupied Tunisia for most of the next 800 years, introduced Christianity and left architectural legacies like the El Djem amphitheater. After several attempts starting in 647, Muslims conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697 and introduced Islam. After a series of campaigns beginning in 1534 to conquer and colonize the region, the Ottoman Empire established control in 1574 and held sway for over 300 years afterwards. French colonization of Tunisia occurred in 1881. Tunisia gained independence with Habib Bourguiba and declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957. In 2011, the Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, followed by parliamentary elections. The country voted for parliament again on 26 October 2014, and for President on 23 November 2014. As a result, Tunisia is the only country in North Africa classified as \"Free\" by the Freedom House organization and is also considered by The Economist Magazine's Democracy Index as the only democracy in the Arab World.", "Q165817": "Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American epic war film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Robert Rodat. Set during the Invasion of Normandy in World War II, the film is known for its graphic portrayal of war and for the intensity of its opening 27 minutes, which includes a depiction of the Omaha Beach assault during the Normandy landings. The film follows United States Army Rangers Captain John H. Miller (Tom Hanks) and his squad (Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Giovanni Ribisi, Vin Diesel, Adam Goldberg, and Jeremy Davies) as they search for a paratrooper, Private First Class James Francis Ryan (Matt Damon), the last surviving brother of three servicemen killed in action. The film is a co-production between DreamWorks Pictures, Paramount Pictures, Amblin Entertainment, and Mutual Film Company, with DreamWorks distributing the film in North America while Paramount released the film internationally.\nIn 1996, producer Mark Gordon pitched Rodat's idea, which was inspired by the Niland brothers, to Paramount, which eventually began development on the project. Spielberg, who at the time was forming DreamWorks, came on board to direct the project, and Hanks joined the cast. After the cast went through training supervised by Marines veteran Dale Dye, the film's principal photography started in June 1997 and lasted two months. The film's D-Day scenes were shot in Ballinesker Beach, Curracloe Strand, Ballinesker, just east of Curracloe, County Wexford, Ireland and used members of the army reserve of the Irish Army as infantry for the D-Day landing.\nReleased on July 24, 1998, Saving Private Ryan received acclaim from critics and audiences for its performances (particularly from Hanks), realism, cinematography, score, screenplay, and Spielberg's direction, and was placed on many film critics' 1998 top ten lists. It was also a box office success, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1998 in the United States with $216.8 million domestically and the second-highest-grossing film of 1998 worldwide with $481.8 million worldwide. Additionally, it grossed $44 million from its release on home video in May 1999. The film won several accolades, including Best Picture and Director at the Golden Globes, Producers Guild of America, Directors Guild of America, and Critics' Choice Awards. The film was nominated for 11 Academy Awards at the 71st Academy Awards, where it won five awards including Spielberg's second win for Best Director, Best Film Editing, Best Cinematography, Best Sound, and Best Sound Effects Editing, though it lost the Academy Award for Best Picture to Shakespeare in Love in a controversial upset.\nSince its release, Saving Private Ryan has been considered as one of the greatest films ever made and has been lauded as influential on the war film genre. It is credited for renewing interest in World War II media. In 2007, the American Film Institute ranked Saving Private Ryan as the 71st-greatest American movie in AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) and in 2014, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q1813336": "The National Academy of Mime and Acting (NAMA), known in Swedish as Teaterh\u00f6gskolan i Stockholm, was a school in Stockholm for acting and mime. This institution was also known under additional different names in English, including Stockholm University College of Acting and Stockholm Academy of Dramatic Arts.\nThe school offered programmes in acting and mime, as well as various shorter courses.\nThe school originated in the acting school founded in 1787 on the initiative of King Gustav III and long appended to the Royal Dramatic Theatre. The Royal Dramatic Theatre's acting school was then known in Swedish as Dramatens elevskola (i.e. Kungliga Dramatiska Teaterns Elevskola) and produced many later famous actors and directors, including Greta Garbo, Gustaf Molander, Alf Sj\u00f6berg, Ingrid Bergman, Signe Hasso, Gunnar Bj\u00f6rnstrand, Max von Sydow and Bibi Andersson. In 1964 the school separated from the Royal Dramatic Theatre (initiated by Ingmar Bergman who claimed the theatre no longer had room for it in the building). The acting schools affiliated with the city theatres in Malm\u00f6, Gothenburg were made independent state institutions at the same time, and one which existed in Norrk\u00f6ping/Link\u00f6ping was closed down. \nThe Stockholm school was known as Statens scenskola or, more commonly; Scenskolan (\"The National Academy of Dramatic Art\" or \"The National Theatre Academy\") from 1964 until 1977, when the name was finally changed to Teaterh\u00f6gskolan i Stockholm. Here famous actors such as Peter Stormare, Pernilla August and Lena Olin was trained. The Malm\u00f6 and Gothenburg schools were merged with the universities of Lund and Gothenburg, respectively, but the Stockholm institution remained independent.\nOn January 1, 2011 the school merged with The Dramatic Institute to become Stockholm Academy of Dramatic Arts.", "Q154412": "Mary, also known as Maria of Anjou (Hungarian: Anjou M\u00e1ria, Croatian: Marija An\u017euvinska, Polish: Maria Andegawe\u0144ska; 1371 \u2013 17 May 1395), reigned as Queen of Hungary and Croatia between 1382 and 1385, and from 1386 until her death. She was the daughter of Louis the Great, King of Hungary and Poland, and his wife, Elizabeth of Bosnia. Mary's marriage to Sigismund of Luxembourg, a member of the imperial Luxembourg dynasty, was already decided before her first birthday. A delegation of Polish prelates and lords confirmed her right to succeed her father in Poland in 1379.\nMary was crowned \"king\" of Hungary on 17 September 1382, seven days after Louis the Great's death. Her mother, who assumed regency, absolved the Polish noblemen from their oath of loyalty to Mary in favor of Mary's younger sister, Jadwiga, in early 1383. The idea of a female monarch remained unpopular among the Hungarian noblemen, the majority of whom regarded Mary's distant cousin, Charles III of Naples, as the lawful king. To strengthen Mary's position, the queen mother wanted her to marry Louis, the younger brother of Charles VI of France. Their engagement was announced in May 1385.\nCharles III of Naples landed in Dalmatia in September 1385. Sigismund of Luxembourg invaded Upper Hungary (now Slovakia), forcing the queen mother to give Mary in marriage to him in October. However, they could not prevent Charles from entering Buda. After Mary renounced the throne, Charles was crowned king on 31 December 1385, but he was murdered at the instigation of Mary's mother in February 1386. Mary was restored, but the murdered king's supporters captured her and her mother on 25 July. Queen Elizabeth was murdered in January 1387, but Mary was released on 4 June 1387. Mary officially remained the co-ruler with Sigismund, who had meanwhile been crowned king, but her influence on the government was minimal. She and her premature son died after fell from her horse during a hunting trip.", "Q333425": "Fareed Rafiq Zakaria (; born 20 January 1964) is an American journalist, political scientist, and author. He is the host of CNN's Fareed Zakaria GPS and writes a weekly paid column for The Washington Post. He has been a columnist for Newsweek, editor of Newsweek International, and an editor at large of Time.", "Q180125": "Step Up is a 2006 American romantic dance film directed by Anne Fletcher starring Channing Tatum and Jenna Dewan. Set in Baltimore, Maryland, the film follows the tale of the disadvantaged Tyler Gage (Tatum) and the privileged modern dancer Nora Clark (Dewan), who find themselves paired up in a showcase that determines both of their futures. Realizing that they only have one chance, they finally work together. It is the first installment in the Step Up franchise, which includes four sequels, a spin-off film, a television series, and a Hindi remake.", "Q115328": "Abelardo Rodr\u00edguez Luj\u00e1n, commonly known as Abelardo L. Rodr\u00edguez (Spanish pronunciation: [a\u03b2e\u02c8la\u027e\u00f0o \u02c8ele ro\u02c8\u00f0\u027ei\u0263es]; May 12, 1889 \u2013 February 13, 1967) was the substitute president of Mexico from 1932 to 1934. He completed the term of Pascual Ortiz Rubio after his resignation, during the period known as the Maximato. Former President Plutarco El\u00edas Calles (el jefe M\u00e1ximo) then held considerable de facto political power, without being president himself. However, Rodr\u00edguez was more successful than his predecessor Ortiz Rubio in asserting presidential power against Calles's influence.", "Q261377": "Michala Elizabeth Laurinda Banas (born 14 November 1978) is a New Zealand television actress and singer.", "Q68477": "Grafschaft is a former municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. In 2000 the municipality was created with the merger of Biel (VS), Ritzingen and Selkingen. On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Grafschaft, Blitzingen, M\u00fcnster-Geschinen, Niederwald and Reckingen-Gluringen merged into the new municipality of Goms.", "Q784": "Dominica ( DOM-ih-NEE-k\u0259 or d\u0259-MIH-nih-k\u0259; French: Dominique; Island Carib: Wai\u2018tu kubuli), officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean. The capital, Roseau, is located on the western side of the island. It is geographically situated a part of the Leeward Islands chain in the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea. The island is located near Guadeloupe to the northwest and Martinique to the south-southeast. Its area is 750 km2 (290 sq mi), and the highest point is Morne Diablotins, at 1,447 m (4,747 ft) in elevation. The population was 71,293 at the 2011 census.The island was settled by the Arawak arriving from South America in the 5th century. The Island Caribs or Kalinagos displaced the Arawak violently by the 15th century. Columbus is said to have passed the island on Sunday 3 November 1493. It was later colonised by Europeans, predominantly by the French from the 1690s to 1763. The French imported enslaved people from West Africa to Dominica to work on coffee plantations. Great Britain took possession in 1763 after the Seven Years' War, and it gradually established English as its official language. The island republic gained independence in 1978.\nIts name is pronounced with emphasis on the third syllable, related to its French name of Dominique. Dominica has been nicknamed the \"Nature Isle of the Caribbean\" for its natural environment. It is the youngest island in the Lesser Antilles, and in fact it is still being formed by geothermal-volcanic activity, as evidenced by the world's second-largest hot spring, called Boiling Lake. The island has lush mountainous rainforests, and it is the home of many rare plants, animals, and bird species. There are xeric areas in some of the western coastal regions, but heavy rainfall occurs inland. The sisserou parrot, also known as the imperial amazon and found only on Dominica, is the island's national bird and featured on the national flag, which is one of only two national flags containing the colour purple (the other being Nicaragua).\n\n", "Q373015": "Mithridates V Euergetes (Greek: \u039c\u03b9\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b5\u1f50\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, which means \"Mithridates the benefactor\"; fl. 2nd century BC, r. 150\u2013120 BC); also known as Mithridates V of Pontus, Mithradates V of Pontus and Mithradates V Euergetes, was a Prince and seventh King of the wealthy Kingdom of Pontus.\nMithridates V was of Greek Macedonian and Persian ancestry. He was the son of the King Pharnaces I of Pontus and Queen Nysa, while his sister was Nysa of Cappadocia. His mother is believed to have died during childbirth, while giving birth to either him or his sister. He was born and raised in the Kingdom of Pontus. Mithridates V succeeded his paternal aunt Laodice and paternal uncle Mithridates IV of Pontus on the Pontian throne, but the circumstance of his accession is uncertain.\nMithridates V continued the alliance with the Roman Republic started by his predecessors. He supported them with some ships and a small auxiliary force during the Third Punic War (149\u2013146 BC) and at a subsequent period rendered them useful assistance in the war against the King of Pergamon, Eumenes III (131\u2013129 BC).\nFor his services on this occasion, Mithridates V was rewarded by the Roman consul Manius Aquillius with the province of Phrygia. However the acts of the Roman consul were rescinded by the Roman Senate on the grounds of bribery, but it appears that he maintained his possession of Phrygia until his death. Mithridates V also increased the power of the Kingdom of Pontus by the marriage of his eldest child, his daughter Laodice of Cappadocia to King Ariarathes VI of Cappadocia. The end of his reign can only be approximately determined based on statements concerning the accession of his son Mithridates VI, which is assigned to the year 120 BC, signaling the end of the reign of Mithridates V.\nMithridates V was assassinated in about 120 BC in Sinope, poisoned by unknown persons at a lavish banquet which he held.\nMithridates V, was a great benefactor to the Hellenic culture which shows on surviving coinage and honorific inscriptions stating his donations in Athens and Delos and held the Greek God Apollo in great veneration. A bilingual inscription dedicated to him is displayed at the Capitoline Museums in Rome. Mithridates V was buried in the royal tombs of his ancestors at Amasya.\nMithridates V married the Greek Seleucid Princess Laodice VI, who was the daughter of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Laodice IV. Mithridates V and Laodice VI were related, thus he was connected to the Seleucid dynasty.\nLaodice bore Mithridates V seven children: Laodice of Cappadocia, Mithridates VI of Pontus, Mithridates Chrestus, Laodice, Nysa (sometimes spelt as Nyssa), Roxana and Statira. Roxana and Statira were compelled to kill themselves with poison after the fall of the Kingdom of Pontus in 63 BC. Nysa was taken prisoner by the Romans and made to march in the triumphs of two Roman generals.", "Q59872": "Otto Christian Archibald, Prince of Bismarck (25 September 1897 in Sch\u00f6nhausen, Brandenburg \u2013 24 December 1975), was a German politician and diplomat, and the Prince of Bismarck from 1904 to his death.", "Q57687": "Zoran Milanovi\u0107 (pronounced [z\u01d2ran m\u01d0lano\u028bit\u0255; mil\u01ce\u02d0n-] (listen); born 30 October 1966) is a Croatian politician who is serving as the 5th and current President of Croatia since 2020. Previously he had served as the 10th Prime Minister of Croatia from 2011 to 2016. He was also President of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) - the largest centre-left political party in Croatia, from 2007 to 2016. He consequently served as informal Leader of the Opposition on two separate occasions - from 2007 to 2011, and again from January to November 2016, when Davor Bernardi\u0107 succeeded him as the party's President. On 5 January 2020, he was elected to the office of the President of Croatia by defeating the conservative incumbent, Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovi\u0107.\nAfter graduating from the Zagreb Faculty of Law, Milanovi\u0107 started working in the Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He served as an advisor at the Croatian Mission to the European Union and NATO in Brussels from 1996 to 1999. During the same year he joined the Social Democratic Party. In 1998 he earned his master's degree in European Union law at the Flemish University in Brussels and was an assistant to the Foreign Minister of Croatia for political multilateral affairs in 2003.\nIn June 2007 he was elected President of the SDP, following the death of the long-time party leader and former Croatian prime minister Ivica Ra\u010dan. Under Milanovi\u0107's leadership the party finished in second place in the 2007 parliamentary election and was unable to form a governing majority. Despite losing the election, he was reelected party leader in 2008. In 2011, Milanovi\u0107 initiated the formation of the Kukuriku coalition, uniting four centre to centre-left political parties. The coalition won an absolute majority in the 2011 parliamentary election, with the SDP itself becoming the largest party in parliament. Milanovi\u0107 thus became Prime Minister on 23 December 2011, after the Parliament approved his cabinet.\nThe beginning of his prime ministership was marked by efforts to finalize the ratification process of Croatia's entry into the European Union and by the holding of a membership referendum. His cabinet introduced changes to the tax code, passed a fiscalization law, and started several large infrastructure projects. After the increase in the value of the Swiss franc, the government announced that all Swiss franc loans will be converted into euros. Milanovi\u0107 supported the expansion of same-sex couples' rights and introduced the Life Partnership Act.\nAfter the inconclusive 2015 election and 2\u00bd months of negotiations on forming a government, he was ultimately succeeded as Prime Minister by the non-partisan technocrat Tihomir Ore\u0161kovi\u0107 in January 2016. After Ore\u0161kovi\u0107's government fell, Milanovi\u0107 led the four-party People's Coalition in the subsequent snap parliamentary election in September 2016. In the election his coalition suffered a surprise defeat to the centre-right HDZ and Milanovi\u0107 announced his withdrawal from politics. He then entered the consulting business and worked as an advisor to Albanian Prime Minister Edi Rama.\nOn 17 June 2019, Milanovi\u0107 announced that he would be running for the office of President of Croatia in the December election as the candidate of the Social Democratic Party, and was officially nominated by the party on 6 July 2019. He thereafter proceeded to receive the most votes (29.55%) in the first round of the election on 22 December 2019 - ahead of incumbent president Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovi\u0107 (26.65%), and to be elected as the 5th President of Croatia in the run-off on 5 January 2020, with 52.66% of the vote. He thus became the first presidential candidate in Croatian history to receive more votes than an incumbent president in the first round of an election, the second person in Croatia to defeat an incumbent president running for reelection and the first (post-independence) Prime Minister of Croatia to be elected president.\n\n", "Q78664": "Prince Ernst R\u00fcdiger Camillo von Starhemberg, also known as Ernst R\u00fcdiger Camillo Starhemberg, (Eferding, 10 May 1899 \u2013 Schruns, 15 March 1956) was an Austrian nationalist and politician who helped introduce austrofascism and install a clerico-fascist dictatorship in Austria prior to World War II. He was a leader of the Heimwehr and later of the Fatherland Front. He was the 1,163rd Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, Austrian Order.\nStarhemberg served in the Bundesrat between 1920 and 1930, as Minister of Interior in 1930, Vice-Chancellor in 1934 and subsequently Acting Chancellor and Leader of the Front after the murder of Engelbert Dollfuss, relinquishing the former position after a few days. Disenchanted by the moderate ways of Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg, he was ousted from power in 1936, when the Heimwehr was dissolved, and fled the country after the Anschluss to avoid retaliation from vengeful Nazis.", "Q77557": "Henry Julius (German: Heinrich Julius; 15 October 1564 \u2013 30 July 1613), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg and ruling Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenb\u00fcttel from 1589 until his death. He also served as administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt from 1566 and of the Prince-Bishopric of Minden between 1582 and 1585.", "Q663783": "Piz Rots (also known as Vesilspitze) is a mountain of the Samnaun Alps, located on the Austria\u2013Switzerland border. It lies south-west of Samnaun.", "Q220459": "Zora Arkus-Duntov (December 25, 1909 \u2013 April 21, 1996) was a Belgian-born American engineer whose work on the Chevrolet Corvette earned him the nickname \"Father of the Corvette.\" He is sometimes erroneously referred to as the inventor of the Corvette, whereas that title belongs to Harley Earl. He was also a professional racing driver, appearing at the 24 Hours of Le Mans four times and taking a class win in 1954.", "Q165803": "Phil Gordon (born April 18, 1951) is an American politician who served as the 58th mayor of Phoenix, Arizona from 2004 to 2012 and a member of the Phoenix City Council. Gordon is a member of the Democratic Party.", "Q362118": "Edward Reilly Stettinius Jr. (October 22, 1900 \u2013 October 31, 1949) was an American businessman who served as United States Secretary of State under Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman from 1944 to 1945, and as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations from 1945 to 1946.", "Q132783": "The State Hermitage Museum (Russian: \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u042d\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0436, tr. Gosud\u00e1rstvennyj Ermit\u00e1\u017e, IPA: [\u0261\u0259s\u028a\u02c8darstv\u02b2\u026an\u0268j \u026arm\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ta\u0282]) is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The second-largest art museum in the world, it was founded in 1764 when Empress Catherine the Great acquired an impressive collection of paintings from the Berlin merchant Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky. The museum celebrates the anniversary of its founding each year on 7 December, Saint Catherine's Day. It has been open to the public since 1852. It attracted 4,956,524 visitors in 2019, ranking it eighth among the most visited art museums in the world. Its collections, of which only a small part is on permanent display, comprise over three million items (the numismatic collection accounts for about one-third of them), including the largest collection of paintings in the world. The collections occupy a large complex of six historic buildings along Palace Embankment, including the Winter Palace, a former residence of Russian emperors. Apart from them, the Menshikov Palace, Museum of Porcelain, Storage Facility at Staraya Derevnya, and the eastern wing of the General Staff Building are also part of the museum. The museum has several exhibition centers abroad. The Hermitage is a federal state property. Since July 1992, the director of the museum has been Mikhail Piotrovsky.Of the six buildings in the main museum complex, five\u2014namely the Winter Palace, Small Hermitage, Old Hermitage, New Hermitage, and Hermitage Theatre\u2014are open to the public. The entrance ticket for foreign tourists costs more than the fee paid by citizens of Russia and Belarus. However, entrance is free of charge the third Thursday of every month for all visitors, and free daily for students and children. The museum is closed on Mondays. The entrance for individual visitors is located in the Winter Palace, accessible from the Courtyard.", "Q76649": "Simone Rethel-Heesters (born 15 June 1949 in Herrsching am Ammersee, Bavaria) is a German actress and writer.", "Q4883689": "Marion Isabelle Sims Smith Spafford (October 8, 1895 \u2013 February 2, 1982) was the ninth Relief Society General President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from April 6, 1945, until October 3, 1974. She served longer in this capacity than any other woman in the history of the Relief Society. Spafford also served as president of the National Council of Women from 1968 to 1972, traveling and speaking both nationally and internationally in that position. She served the LDS Church in a variety of other positions and capacities, including as editor of the Relief Society Magazine, founder of the church's social services program, and board of trustees member of the LDS school system. In all of her activities, Spafford consistently spoke of the rights and responsibilities of women.", "Q444390": "Smith Cho is an American actress of Korean descent. She has appeared in movies, on television and in commercials.", "Q2094177": "The University of Memphis (UofM) is a public research university in Memphis, Tennessee. Founded in 1912, the university has an enrollment of more than 22,000 students.\nThe university maintains The Center for Earthquake Research and Information (CERI), The Cecil C. Humphreys School of Law, the former Lambuth University campus (now a branch campus of The University of Memphis), The Loewenberg College of Nursing, The School of Public Health, The College of Communication and Fine Arts, The FedEx Institute of Technology, The Advanced Distributed Learning Workforce Co-Lab, and The Institute of Egyptian Art and Archaeology.", "Q392599": "Everett is the county seat of and the largest city in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. It is located 25 miles (40 km) north of Seattle and is one of the main cities in the metropolitan area and Puget Sound region. Everett is the seventh-largest city in Washington state by population, with a total of 103,019 residents at the 2010 census. The city is located on a peninsula at the mouth of the Snohomish River along Port Gardner Bay, an inlet of Possession Sound (itself part of Puget Sound), and extends to the south and west.\nThe Port Gardner Peninsula was historically inhabited by the Snohomish people, who had a winter village named Hibulb near the mouth of the river. American settlement in the area began with loggers and homesteaders arriving in the 1860s, but plans to build a city were not conceived until 1890. A consortium of East Coast investors seeking to build a major industrial city acquired land in the area and filed a platted for \"Everett\", which they named in honor of Everett Colby, the son of investor Charles L. Colby. The city was incorporated in 1893, shortly after the arrival of the Great Northern Railway, and prospered as a major lumber center with several large sawmills.\nEverett became the county seat in 1897 after a dispute with Snohomish contested over several elections and a Supreme Court case. The city was the site of labor unrest during the 1910s, which culminated in the Everett massacre in 1916 that killed several members of the Industrial Workers of the World. The area was connected by new interurban railways and highway bridges in the 1920s, transforming it into a major commercial hub, and gained an airport at Paine Field in 1936.\nThe city's economy transitioned away from lumber and towards aerospace after World War II, with the construction of Boeing's aircraft assembly plant at Paine Field in 1967. Boeing's presence brought additional industrial and commercial development to Everett, as well as new residential neighborhoods to the south and west of the peninsula that was annexed by the city. Boeing remains the city's largest employer, alongside the U.S. Navy, which has operated Naval Station Everett since 1992.\nEverett remains a major employment center for Snohomish County, but has also become a bedroom community for Seattle in recent decades. It is connected to Seattle by Interstate 5 and various public transit services at Everett Station, including the Sounder commuter train, Amtrak, and commuter buses. Everett stages several annual festivals and is also home to minor league sports teams, including the Everett Silvertips at Angel of the Winds Arena.", "Q275316": "Robin Mattson (born June 1, 1956) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles on the daytime soap operas General Hospital, Santa Barbara, and All My Children.", "Q1294": "Ram\u00f3n Barros Luco (American Spanish: [ra\u02c8m\u00f5m \u02c8\u03b2aros \u02c8luko]; June 9, 1835 \u2013 September 20, 1919) was President of Chile between 1910 and 1915.\nBarros Luco was born in 1835 in Santiago, Barros Luco was son of Ram\u00f3n Luis Barros Fern\u00e1ndez and Dolores Luco Fern\u00e1ndez de Leiva. He graduated from Law School in 1858. He died in Santiago in 1919.\nHe was elected representative for the city of Casablanca in 1861, and from then on occupied a seat in the Lower House, being elected representative for Caldera (1867\u201370), Curic\u00f3 (1870\u201373), Valpara\u00edso (1873\u201376, and 1888\u201391), as well as for Santiago, during four separate terms, between 1876-1894. Later, he was elected senator for Linares (1900\u201306).\nIn his position as President of the House of Deputies in 1891, he endorsed the move to dismiss the then President of the Republic, Jos\u00e9 Manuel Balmaceda, a move drawn up by the Congress. In addition, he lent his support to the uprising of the National Army, whose movements he oversaw, (alongside Waldo Silva, vice-president of the Senate), until they took their place in the government in Iquique. The revolution having succeeded, he resumed his functions as a parliamentarian, performing as a minister on several occasions, whenever the situation called for, \"someone who posed no threat to anybody\".\nIn 1910, given the existing tensions between liberals and nationals in the debate over a common candidate, he was chosen as the representative for both parties. His career to date assured both parties that, if he were to be elected, their interests would remain unharmed.", "Q75340": "Gerard Hoffnung (22 March 1925 \u2013 28 September 1959) was an artist and musician, best known for his humorous works.\nRaised in Germany, Hoffnung was brought to London as a boy, to escape the Nazis. Over the next two decades in England, he became known as a cartoonist, tuba player, impresario, broadcaster and raconteur.\nAfter training at two art colleges, Hoffnung taught for a few years, and then turned to drawing, on the staff of English and American publications, and later as a freelance. He published a series of cartoons on musical themes, and illustrated the works of novelists and poets.\nIn 1956 Hoffnung mounted the first of his \"Hoffnung Festivals\" in London, at which classical music was spoofed for comic effect, with contributions from many eminent musicians. As a broadcaster he appeared on BBC panel games, where he honed the material for one of his best-known performances, his speech at the Oxford Union in 1958.", "Q171876": "Antinous (also Antino\u00fcs or Antino\u00f6s; Ancient Greek: \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03c2; 27 November, c. 111 \u2013 before 30 October 130) was a Bithynian Greek youth and a favourite beloved of the Roman emperor Hadrian. He was deified after his death, being worshipped in both the Greek East and Latin West, sometimes as a god (theos) and sometimes merely as a hero (heros).Little is known of Antinous's life, although it is known that he was born in Claudiopolis (present day Bolu, Turkey), in the Roman province of Bithynia. He was probably introduced to Hadrian in 123, before being taken to Italy for a higher education. He had become the favourite of Hadrian by 128, when he was taken on a tour of the Empire as part of Hadrian's personal retinue. Antinous accompanied Hadrian during his attendance of the annual Eleusinian Mysteries in Athens, and was with him when he killed the Marousian lion in Libya. In October 130, as they were part of a flotilla going along the Nile, Antinous died amid mysterious circumstances. Various suggestions have been put forward for how he died, ranging from an accidental drowning to an intentional human sacrifice or suicide.\nFollowing his death, Hadrian deified Antinous and founded an organised cult devoted to his worship that spread throughout the Empire. Hadrian founded the city of Antino\u00f6polis close to Antinous's place of death, which became a cultic centre for the worship of Osiris-Antinous. Hadrian also founded games in commemoration of Antinous to take place in both Antino\u00f6polis and Athens, with Antinous becoming a symbol of Hadrian's dreams of pan-Hellenism. The worship of Antinous proved to be one of the most enduring and popular of cults of deified humans in the Roman empire, and events continued to be founded in his honor long after Hadrian's death.Antinous became associated with homosexuality in Western culture, appearing in the work of Oscar Wilde and Fernando Pessoa.", "Q460226": "Shiva Nazar Ahari (Persian: \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0622\u0647\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200e) (born June 10, 1984) is a notable Iranian human rights activist and a founding member of the Committee of Human Rights Reporters. She has been jailed several times by the Iranian government.\nShe was jailed on 14 June 2009 and held in the Evin prison until September 23, 2009, when she was released on an equivalent of a $200,000 bail. She had been in solitary confinement for 33 days.On December 21, 2009 she was arrested once again along with several other activists who were on their way to the city of Qom to attend the funeral of Grand Ayatollah Hossein Ali Montazeri.The most recent hearing was held on September 4, 2010, at the 26th branch of the Islamic Revolutionary Court of the Tehran Province, with charges including \"attempts to deface the Islamic government\", \"assembly with intention of conspiring against the Islamic government\", \"disrupting the public order\" and moharebeh or \"waging war against God\". Since her arrest, the court proceeding has met with strong international criticism, the allegation being that it was an illegal measure taken by the Islamic Republic of Iran to further repress the rights of dissent and freedom of speech in the country, and her immediate release has been called for. \nAfter 266 days in prison, she was released on September 12, 2010 on a bail of five billion Iranian rials (roughly equivalent to over $500,000).Per a summons, Shiva Nazar Ahari appeared at Evin on September 8, 2012, to serve a 4-year prison sentence. A number of organizations call for her immediate release - Reporters without borders, World association of newspapers and news publishers or PEN International.", "Q52927": "Charles XIV John or Carl John (Swedish and Norwegian: Karl XIV Johan; born Jean Bernadotte; 26 January 1763 \u2013 8 March 1844) was King of Sweden (as Charles XIV John) and King of Norway (proclaimed as Charles XIV John, but in recent times referred to accurately in Norway as Charles III John) from 1818 until his death in 1844.\nBorn in Pau in southern France, Bernadotte joined the French Royal Army in 1780. Following the outbreak of the French Revolution, he exhibited great military talent, rapidly rising through the ranks and was made a brigadier general by 1794. He served with distinction in Italy and Germany, and was briefly Minister of War. His relationship with Napoleon was turbulent; nevertheless, Napoleon named him a Marshal of the Empire on the proclamation of the French Empire. Bernadotte played a significant role in the French victory at Austerlitz, and was made Prince of Pontecorvo as a reward.\nIn 1810, Bernadotte was unexpectedly elected the heir-presumptive to the childless King Charles XIII of Sweden, thanks to the advocacy of Baron Carl Otto M\u00f6rner, a Swedish courtier and obscure member of the Riksdag of the Estates. He assumed the name Charles John and became the de facto regent and head of state. In 1813, following the sudden unprovoked French invasion of Swedish Pomerania, Crown Prince Charles John aligned Sweden with Napoleon's enemies in the Sixth Coalition, wherein he authored the Allied campaign plan, and commanded the Allied Army of the North that made the decisive attack on the last day of the catastrophic French defeat at Leipzig. He went on to defeat Denmark and forced Norway into a union with Sweden.\nUpon the death of Charles XIII in 1818, Charles John ascended to the throne as the first monarch from the House of Bernadotte. He presided over a period of peace and prosperity, and reigned until his death in 1844.", "Q19801728": "Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip is a 2015 American live action computer animated family comedy film directed by Walt Becker and written by Randi Mayem Singer and Adam Sztykiel. The fourth and final installment in the Alvin and the Chipmunks film series, and the sequel to 2011's Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked, it stars Jason Lee, Tony Hale, Kimberly Williams-Paisley, Josh Green, and Bella Thorne, with the voices of Justin Long, Matthew Gray Gubler, Jesse McCartney, Kaley Cuoco (replacing Amy Poehler), Anna Faris and Christina Applegate.\nThe film was released on December 18, 2015, by 20th Century Fox. The film grossed $234 million worldwide against a $90 million budget and received generally negative reviews from critics.\n\n", "Q4755832": "Andrei Korobeinik (born 5 November 1980) is an Estonian computer programmer and entrepreneur, founder and CEO of Rate Solutions and Serenda Invest. He is better known as creator of Estonian social networking site, Rate.ee. Between 2011 and 2013 he was a member of the Estonian parliament.\nIn 2005, 51% share of the Rate.ee portal was sold to EMT for 39 million Estonian Krones (approximately 2 million EURO), making Andrei one of the youngest Estonian millionaires of that time. However, in 2012 Serenda Invest; a company that manages Rate.ee was purchased back from EMT which essentially put Andrei back in charge of his web portal. The price of this deal has not been revealed.\nKorobeinik is the winner of 2008 British Council's International Young Interactive Entrepreneur Award. He is the member of Estonian Dragon's Den jury and does angel investments, mostly into internet start-ups.\nKorobeinik has been on the jury at the annual Estonian TV show Ajujaht.", "Q88583": "August Schm\u00f6lzer (born 27 June 1958) is an Austrian actor and writer.", "Q6101699": "The Royal Academy of Engineering of Spain (Spanish: Real Academia de Ingenier\u00eda, RAI) is a corporation under public law entity that is governed by its statutes and by its internal regulations. Its main function is to promote works and studies that reflect scientific progress in the field of engineering, its technological applications and its operational techniques.\nIts current President is es:El\u00edas Fereres Castiel.", "Q3605708": "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso (6 April 1913, Milan, Italy \u2013 22 April 1983) was an Italian geneticist. In 1962 he founded in Naples the Laboratorio Internazionale di Genetica e Biofisica (International Laboratory of Genetics and Biophysics).The name of the fly Drosophila buzzatii, often used in genetical and evolutionary studies, derives from this significant Italian scientist.\nHe was the brother of the well-known writer Dino Buzzati.", "Q63244": "Hans Hotter (19 January 1909 \u2013 8 December 2003) was a German operatic bass-baritone. He was extremely tall and his appearance was striking. His voice and diction were equally recognisable.\n\n", "Q75426": "Lady Gabriella Marina Alexandra Ophelia Kingston (n\u00e9e Windsor; born 23 April 1981) is an English freelance writer and a member of the extended British royal family. She is the daughter of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. She is 52nd in line to the succession of the British throne.", "Q244875": "The Sun Also Rises is a 1957 film adaptation of the Ernest Hemingway novel of the same name directed by Henry King. The screenplay was written by Peter Viertel and it starred Tyrone Power, Ava Gardner, Mel Ferrer and Errol Flynn. Much of it was filmed on location in France and Spain in Cinemascope and color by Deluxe. A highlight of the film is the famous \"running of the bulls\" in Pamplona, Spain and two bullfights.", "Q224159": "William Hall Macy Jr. (born March 13, 1950) is an American actor and director. His film career has been built on appearances in small, independent films, though he has also appeared in summer action films. Macy has described himself as \"sort of a Middle American, WASPy, Lutheran kind of guy... Everyman\".Macy has won two Emmy Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for Fargo. Since 2011, he has played Frank Gallagher, a main character in the Showtime adaptation of the British television series Shameless.\nMacy married actress Felicity Huffman in 1997.", "Q461886": "The Italian Communist Party (Italian: Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI) was a communist political party in Italy.\nThe PCI was founded as Communist Party of Italy on 21 January 1921 in Livorno by seceding from the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). Amadeo Bordiga and Antonio Gramsci led the split. Outlawed during the Fascist regime, the party played a major role in the Italian resistance movement. It changed its name in 1943 to PCI and became the second largest political party of Italy after World War II, attracting the support of about a third of the vote share during the 1970s. At the time, it was the largest communist party in the West, with peak support reaching 2.3 million members, in 1947, and peak share being 34.4% of the vote, in 1976.\nThe PCI travelled from doctrinaire communism to democratic socialism by the 1970s or the 1980s. In 1991, it was dissolved and re-launched as the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS), which joined the Socialist International and the Party of European Socialists. The more radical members of the organization formally departed to establish the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC).", "Q184431": "Ze'ev Sherf (Hebrew: \u05d6\u05d0\u05d1 \u05e9\u05e8\u05e3\u200e, 21 April 1904 \u2013 18 April 1984) was an Israeli politician who held several ministerial portfolios in the 1960s and 1970s.", "Q204289": "Boston is an American rock band from Boston, Massachusetts, which had its most notable successes during the 1970s and 1980s. Centered on multi-instrumentalist founder and leader Tom Scholz, who played the majority of instruments on the debut album, the band is a staple of classic rock. Boston's best-known works include the songs \"More Than a Feeling\", \"Peace of Mind\", \"Foreplay/Long Time\", \"Rock and Roll Band\", \"Smokin'\", \"Don't Look Back\", \"A Man I'll Never Be\", and \"Amanda\". The band has sold more than 75 million records worldwide, including 31 million albums in the United States, of which 17 million were from its self-titled debut album and seven million were for its second album, Don't Look Back, making the group one of the world's best-selling artists. Altogether, the band has released six studio albums over a career spanning over 40 years. Boston was ranked the 63rd best hard rock artist by VH1.", "Q72349": "Krewella is an American electronic dance music band from Northbrook, Illinois, United States, that formed in 2007. Their musical style has been mainly described as EDM, dance-rock, and dance-pop. However, Krewella's style has been influenced by a number of electronic sub genres, including progressive house, electro, dubstep, drum and bass, trap music and future bass.Their debut EP, Play Hard, was released on June 18, 2012, exclusively on Beatport, followed by its release on other digital platforms on June 26, 2012. Later, their debut album, Get Wet, was released on September 24, 2013, on iTunes.The band consists of sisters Jahan Yousaf and Yasmine Yousaf. Originally a trio, their third member and producer Kristopher Trindl left the band in 2014. The band's name stems from Jahan's misspelling of the word \"cruel\" when the two began writing music, and is not a reference to Cruella de Vil.", "Q71640": "Reinhard Jirgl (born January 16, 1953 in East-Berlin) is a German writer. In 2010 he was awarded the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize by the German Academy for Language and Literature.His 2013 novel Nichts von euch auf Erden was shortlisted for the German Book Prize.", "Q276179": "Taina Elisabeth Elg (born 9 March 1930) is a Finnish-American actress and dancer. She has appeared on stage, television, and in film.", "Q60995": "The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Russian: \u0420\u0443\u0301\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u0301\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c, tr. R\u00fasskaya pravosl\u00e1vnaya ts\u00e9rkov), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0442, tr. Mosk\u00f3vskiy patriarkh\u00e1t), is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian churches. The primate of the ROC is the Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'. The ROC, as well as its primate, officially ranks fifth in the Orthodox order of precedence, immediately below the four ancient patriarchates of the Greek Orthodox Church: Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. As of October 15, 2018, the ROC suspended communion with the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, having unilaterally severed ties in reaction to the establishment of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, which was finalised by the Ecumenical Patriarchate on 5 January 2019.\nThe Christianization of Kievan Rus', widely seen as the birth of the ROC, is believed to have occurred in 988 through the baptism of the Kievan prince Vladimir and his people by the clergy of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, whose constituent part the ROC remained for the next six centuries, while the Kievan see remained in the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate until 1686.\nThe ROC currently claims exclusive jurisdiction over the Orthodox Christians, irrespective of their ethnic background, who reside in the former member republics of the Soviet Union, excluding Georgia and Armenia. Such countries as Estonia, Moldova, and Ukraine dispute this claim and have established parallel canonical Orthodox jurisdictions: the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church, the Metropolis of Bessarabia, and the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, respectively. The ROC also exercises ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the autonomous Church of Japan and the Orthodox Christians resident in the People's Republic of China. The ROC branches in Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Moldova and Ukraine since the fall of the Soviet Union in the 1990s enjoy various degrees of self-government, albeit short of the status of formal ecclesiastical autonomy.\nThe ROC should not be confused with the Orthodox Church in America (OCA). It has been an autocephalous Orthodox church since 1970, but it is not universally recognised in this status. The Ecumenical Patriarchate views it as a branch of the ROC. It traces its history in North America to the late 18th century, when Russian missionaries in Alaska (then part of the Russian Empire) first established churches among the Alaska Natives and other indigenous peoples. \nThe ROC should also not be confused with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (also known as the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad, or ROCOR), headquartered in the United States. The ROCOR was instituted in the 1920s by Russian communities outside Communist Russia, which had refused to recognize the authority of the Moscow Patriarchate that was de facto headed by Metropolitan Sergius Stragorodsky. The two churches reconciled on May 17, 2007; the ROCOR is now a self-governing part of the Russian Orthodox Church.", "Q1356912": "Ernest Kador Jr. (February 22, 1933 \u2013 July 5, 2001), known by the stage name Ernie K-Doe, was an African-American rhythm-and-blues singer best known for his 1961 hit single \"Mother-in-Law\", which went to number 1 on the Billboard pop chart in the U.S.", "Q61453": "Kurd Lasswitz (German: Kurd La\u00dfwitz; 20 April 1848 \u2013 17 October 1910) was a German author, scientist, and philosopher. He has been called \"the father of German science fiction\". He sometimes used the pseudonym Velatus.\n\n", "Q1156766": "Japanese Americans (\u65e5\u7cfb\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u4eba, Nikkei Amerikajin) are Americans who are fully or partially of Japanese descent, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics. Japanese Americans were among the three largest Asian American ethnic communities during the 20th century; but, according to the 2000 census, they have declined in number to constitute the sixth largest Asian American group at around 773,000, including those of partial ancestry. According to the 2010 census, the largest Japanese American communities were found in California with 272,528, Hawaii with 185,502, New York with 37,780, Washington with 35,008, Illinois with 17,542, and Ohio with 16,995. Southern California has the largest Japanese American population in North America and the city of Torrance holds the densest Japanese American population in the 48 contiguous states.", "Q443399": "Floyd Eldon Davis (March 5, 1909, in Oakford, Illinois \u2013 May 31, 1977, in Indianapolis, Indiana) was the co-winner of the 1941 Indianapolis 500.\nFloyd Davis drove the first 72 laps of the 1941 race before being replaced by Mauri Rose, who completed the race in the lead.\nHe is buried at Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis (Section 53 Lot 320).\nIn the 1941 Indianapolis 500, Floyd Davis had been driving the Noc-Out Hose Clamp car for sixty laps, moving from 17th to 12th place when teammate Mauri Rose, the pole sitter, began experiencing problems with his car, the Elgin Piston Pin. The films show that he wasn't too happy when at lap 72, team owner Lou Moore pulled Davis from his car and replaced him with Rose. \u201cI was ready to go into the lead when they called me in,\u201d he later joked.\nThat is exactly though what Rose did do, winning the first of his three 500 championships, and earning Davis an asterisk in the history books as a co-winner, despite the fact that he never led a single lap in any of his races. And though Davis received a 50-50 split of the prize money, he never drove in another 500, some say because of his disgust in having been relieved. His serving in the U.S. Navy during World War II might also have had something to do with his leaving racing.\nHe had driven in three previous 500s, coming in 15th in 1937, 27th in 1939, and 20th in 1940.", "Q5794": "Everton Football Club () is an English professional football club based in Liverpool that competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club has competed in the top division for a record 116 seasons and has missed the top division only four times (1930\u201331, 1951\u201352, 1952\u201353, and 1953\u201354) since the creation of the Football League, of which it is a founding member. The club has won nine League Championships, five FA Cups, and one UEFA Cup Winners Cup.\nFormed in 1878, Everton won its first League Championship during the 1890\u201391 season. After winning four more League Championships and two FA Cups, the club experienced a post-World War II lull until a revival in the 1960s. A period of sustained success came in the mid-1980s, when Everton won a further two League Championships, one FA Cup, and the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup. The club's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup.\nThe club's supporters are colloquially known as \"Evertonians\" or \"Blues\". Everton has a rivalry with Liverpool, and the two sides contest the Merseyside derby. The club has been based at Goodison Park in Walton since 1892, after moving from Anfield following a disagreement over its rent. The club's home colours are royal blue shirts with white shorts and socks.", "Q8000759": "Wild Rags Records was a record label and store in Montebello, California. It was founded in the 1980s by Ricardo Campos. Though Wild Rags started out as a record store in East LA releasing cassette from bands such as Cherry Street, the zine later distributed influential releases by the likes of Nuclear Death, Impetigo, Brutality, Blood, Sigh, Blasphemy as well as Necrophobic, Nuctemeron, and Extreme Smoke.\nRichard C would later concentrate on distributing Brazilian heavy metal and selling catalogues.", "Q221021": "Yo La Tengo (often abbreviated as YLT, Spanish for \"I've Got It\") is an American indie rock band formed in Hoboken, New Jersey in 1984. Since 1992 the lineup has consisted of Ira Kaplan (guitars, piano, vocals), Georgia Hubley (drums, piano, vocals), and James McNew (bass, vocals). In 2015, original guitarist Dave Schramm rejoined the band and appears on their fourteenth album, Stuff Like That There.\nDespite achieving limited mainstream success, Yo La Tengo has been called \"the quintessential critics' band\" and maintains a strong cult following. Though it mostly plays original material, the band performs a wide repertoire of cover songs both in live performance and on record.", "Q312399": "John Noble (born 20 August 1948) is an Australian actor and theatre director of more than 80 plays. He is best known for his roles as Dr. Walter Bishop in the US Fox science fiction television series Fringe, and Henry Parrish in the Fox action-horror series Sleepy Hollow. His most high-profile film role was as Denethor in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy. He also provided the voice of the DC Comics supervillain Scarecrow in the 2015 video game Batman: Arkham Knight, where his character served as the main antagonist. Additionally, he voiced and provided motion capture for his role in the 2011 video game L.A. Noire. In 2015, he joined the main cast of the television series Elementary as Sherlock Holmes's father. He was also cast as a doctor in the Australian TV series All Saints. In 2012, Noble was diagnosed with osteoporosis. His charity, Noble Bones, helps to raise awareness for the disease.", "Q105891": "The Hammond organ is an electric organ invented by Laurens Hammond and John M. Hanert and first manufactured in 1935. Various models have been produced, most of which use sliding drawbars to vary sounds. Until 1975, Hammond organs generated sound by creating an electric current from rotating a metal tonewheel near an electromagnetic pickup, and then strengthening the signal with an amplifier to drive a speaker cabinet. The organ is commonly used with the Leslie speaker.\nAround two million Hammond organs have been manufactured. The organ was originally marketed by the Hammond Organ Company to churches as a lower-cost alternative to the wind-driven pipe organ, or instead of a piano. It quickly became popular with professional jazz musicians in organ trios, small groups centered on the Hammond organ. Jazz club owners found that organ trios were cheaper than hiring a big band. Jimmy Smith's use of the Hammond B-3, with its additional harmonic percussion feature, inspired a generation of organ players, and its use became more widespread in the 1960s and 1970s in rhythm and blues, rock, reggae, and progressive rock.\nIn the 1970s, the Hammond Organ Company abandoned tonewheels and switched to integrated circuits. These organs were less popular, and the company went out of business in 1985. The Hammond name was purchased by the Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation, which proceeded to manufacture digital simulations of the most popular tonewheel organs. This culminated in the production of the \"New B-3\" in 2002, a recreation of the original B-3 organ using digital technology. Hammond-Suzuki continues to manufacture a variety of organs for both professional players and churches. Companies such as Korg, Roland, and Clavia have achieved success in providing more lightweight and portable emulations of the original tonewheel organs. The sound of a tonewheel Hammond can be emulated using modern software such as Native Instruments B4.", "Q68311": "Burgdorf (French: Berthoud) is the largest city in the Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It was the capital of the district of the same name until 2010, when it became part of the new Emmental district.", "Q434111": "Alaina Reed Hall (November 10, 1946 \u2013 December 17, 2009) was an American singer and actress best known for her roles as Olivia Robinson, Gordon's younger sister, on the PBS children's television series Sesame Street, and as Rose Lee Holloway on the NBC sitcom 227.", "Q21077": "Warner Music Group Inc. (WMG), also known as Warner Music, is an American multinational entertainment, and record label conglomerate headquartered in Los Angeles. It is one of the \"big three\" recording companies and the third largest in the global music industry, after Universal Music Group (UMG) and Sony Music Entertainment (SME). Formerly part of Time Warner (now WarnerMedia), the company was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange until May 2011, when it announced its privatization and sale to Access Industries, which was completed in July 2011. With a multibillion-dollar annual turnover, WMG employs more than 3,500 people and has operations in more than 50 countries throughout the world.The company owns and operates some of the largest and most successful labels in the world, including Elektra Records, Warner Records, Parlophone, and Atlantic Records. WMG also owns Warner Chappell Music, one of the world's largest music publishers.\nSince August 2, 2018, WMG has expanded its business to digital media operation through its acquisition of Uproxx.", "Q134494": "Gy\u0151r (US: DYUR, JUR, Hungarian: [\u02c8\u025f\u00f8\u02d0r] (listen); German: Raab; names in other languages) is the most important city of northwest Hungary, the capital of Gy\u0151r-Moson-Sopron County and Western Transdanubia region, and\u2014halfway between Budapest and Vienna\u2014situated on one of the important roads of Central Europe. The city is the sixth-largest in Hungary, and one of the seven main regional centres of the country.", "Q67022": "Kriechenwil is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q4461": "Troian Avery Bellisario (; born October 28, 1985) is an American actress. She is best known for starring as Spencer Hastings in the television series Pretty Little Liars (2010\u20132017).\nBorn in Los Angeles, California, she is the daughter of producers Donald P. Bellisario and Deborah Pratt. Bellisario made her acting debut in her father's 1988 film Last Rites at the age of three. She continued to have roles produced by her father, mainly in television shows such as Quantum Leap, First Monday, and NCIS, and in 1998, she acted in the direct-to-video comedy film Billboard Dad. In 2010, she received praise for her leading performance in the film Consent for which she won the Vision Fest Award for Best Acting by a Female Lead and the FirstGlance Philadelphia Award for Best Actress.\nIn 2009, Bellisario landed the lead role of Spencer Hastings in the Freeform series Pretty Little Liars (2010\u20132017). For her performance, she has won two Teen Choice Awards out of six nominations and a Young Hollywood Award. In addition to her work on Pretty Little Liars, Bellisario also starred in the WIGS episode series Lauren, for which she received critical acclaim and won the New York Film Festival Award for Best Performance by an Actress and was nominated for the Streamy Award for Best Female Performance\u2014Drama. She went to star in the drama film Feed (2017), the romantic science fiction film Clara (2018), and Richard Linklater's mystery comedy-drama Where'd You Go, Bernadette (2019)\nBellissario has produced and co-written multiple short films and indie projects, and appeared in a number of independent short films over her career. In 2016, she made her directorial debut with the fifteenth episode from the seventh season of Pretty Little Liars, \"In the Eye Abides the Heart\", and has since gone on to direct episodes of Famous in Love (2018) and Good Trouble (2019 - present). Bellisario has been in a relationship with Canadian actor Patrick J. Adams since 2009; the couple have collaborated together on multiple film and television projects and share one daughter together.", "Q433695": "Daria Halprin (born December 30, 1948) is an American somatic/ expressive arts therapist , author, teacher dancer, and former actress known primarily for her naturalistic performances in three films of the late 1960s and early 1970s and as Founding Director of Tamalpa Institute. \n\n", "Q464915": "The American Historical Association (AHA) is the oldest and largest society of historians and professors of history in the United States. Founded in 1884, the association promotes historical studies, the teaching of history, and the preservation of and access to historical materials. It publishes The American Historical Review five times a year, with scholarly articles and book reviews. The AHA is the major organization for historians working in the United States, while the Organization of American Historians is the major organization for historians who study and teach about the United States.\nThe group received a congressional charter in 1889, establishing it \"for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and preservation of historical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of American history, and of history in America.\"", "Q455510": "Michael Swanwick is an American science fiction author who began publishing in the early 1980s.", "Q71873": "Abbas Jadidi (Persian: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u200e, born January 13, 1969, in Tehran) is an Iranian wrestler who competed in the Freestyle Heavyweight (90\u2013100 kg) category at the 1996 Summer Olympics, losing to Kurt Angle and winning the silver medal. He was suspended from competing for two years for doping. He was elected as a member of Tehran City Council in 2013 local elections.", "Q28": "Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarorsz\u00e1g [\u02c8m\u0254\u025f\u0254rorsa\u02d0\u0261] (listen)) is a country in Central Europe. Spanning 93,030 square kilometres (35,920 sq mi) in the Carpathian Basin, it borders Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west. With about 10 million inhabitants, Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world, and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe. Hungary's capital and largest city is Budapest; other major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, P\u00e9cs, and Gy\u0151r.\nThe territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples, including Celts, Romans, Germanic tribes, Huns, West Slavs and the Avars. The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince \u00c1rp\u00e1d following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin. His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000, converting his realm to a Christian kingdom. By the 12th century, Hungary became a regional power, reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century. Following the Battle of Moh\u00e1cs in 1526, Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire (1541\u20131699). It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century, and later joined Austria to form the Austro\u2013Hungarian Empire, a major European power.The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I, and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary's current borders, resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory, 58% of its population, and 32% of ethnic Hungarians. Following the tumultuous interwar period, Hungary joined the Axis Powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and casualties. Hungary became a satellite state of the Soviet Union, which contributed to the establishment of a socialist republic spanning four decades (1949\u20131989). The country gained widespread international attention as a result of its 1956 revolution and the seminal opening of its previously-restricted border with Austria in 1989, which accelerated the collapse of the Eastern Bloc. On 23 October 1989, Hungary became a democratic parliamentary republic.Hungary is an OECD high-income economy, and has the world's 54th-largest economy by nominal GDP, and the 53th-largest by PPP. It ranks 45th on the Human Development Index, owing in large part to its social security system, universal health care, and tuition-free secondary education. Hungary's rich cultural history includes significant contributions to the arts, music, literature, sports, science and technology. It is the 13th most popular tourist destination in Europe, attracting 15.8 million international tourists in 2017, owing to attractions such as the largest thermal water cave system in the world, second largest thermal lake, the largest lake in Central Europe and the largest natural grasslands in Europe. Hungary's cultural, historical, and academic prominence classify it as a middle power in global affairs. Hungary joined the European Union in 2004 and has been part of the Schengen Area since 2007. It is a member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations, NATO, WTO, World Bank, IIB, the AIIB, the Council of Europe, and the Visegr\u00e1d Group.", "Q84352": "Andr\u00e9 Gorz (n\u00e9 Gerhart Hirsch; born 9 February 1923 \u2013 22 September 2007), more commonly known by his pen names G\u00e9rard Horst and Michel Bosquet, was an Austrian and French social philosopher and journalist.\nHe co-founded Le Nouvel Observateur weekly in 1964. A supporter of Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialist version of Marxism after the Second World War, he became in the aftermath of the May '68 student riots more concerned with political ecology.\nIn the 1960s and 1970s he was a main theorist in the New Left movement. His central theme was wage labour issues such as liberation from work, the just distribution of work, social alienation, and a guaranteed basic income.", "Q16630": "Piz Varuna (3,453 m) is a mountain in the Bernina Range of the Alps, located on the border between Italy and Switzerland. It lies east of Piz Pal\u00fc, between the Val Poschiavo and the Val Malenco.", "Q486748": "A pianist ( PEE-\u0259-nist, pee-AN-ist) is an individual musician who plays the piano. Since most forms of Western music can make use of the piano, pianists have a wide repertoire and a wide variety of styles to choose from, among them traditional classical music, jazz, blues, and all sorts of popular music, including rock and roll. Most pianists can, to an extent, easily play other keyboard-related instruments such as the synthesizer, harpsichord, celesta, and the organ. Kate Mazzoni", "Q726220": "Anthony \"Tony\" Siragusa (born May 14, 1967), nicknamed \"Goose\", is a former National Football League defensive tackle who spent 12 seasons with the Indianapolis Colts and the Baltimore Ravens. From 2003 to 2015, he worked as a sideline analyst for NFL games broadcast on the Fox Network, hosts the home renovation program Man Caves on the DIY Network, and participates in advertisements for Depend for Men.", "Q206475": "James Adarryl Tapp Jr. (September 9, 1977 \u2013 November 26, 2003), better known by his stage name Soulja Slim, was an American rapper and songwriter. He was known for writing the U.S. number one hit \"Slow Motion\".", "Q445703": "Consuelo de Saint Exup\u00e9ry, officially Consuelo Sunc\u00edn, comtesse de Saint Exup\u00e9ry (10 April 1901 in Armenia, El Salvador \u2013 18 May 1979 in Grasse, France), was a Salvadoran-French writer and artist, and the wife of the French aristocrat, writer and pioneering aviator Antoine de Saint-Exup\u00e9ry (1900\u20131944).", "Q2005691": "Steel is a fictional superhero who appeares in comic books published by DC Comics. He is a genius engineer who built a mechanized suit of armor that replicates Superman's powers and bears Superman's logo. Initially, he sought to replace Superman after Superman was killed by Doomsday. After Superman was resurrected, Superman accepted Steel as a comrade. His real name is John Henry Irons and he wields a sledgehammer\u2014this is a reference to the mythical railroad worker John Henry. He has a niece named Natasha Irons who is also a superhero in a similar mechanized suit of armor.", "Q487456": "Anatol Roshko (15 July 1923 \u2013 23 January 2017) was a Canadian-born physicist and engineer. He was the Theodore von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n Professor of Aeronautics, Emeritus, at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.Roshko is known for his contributions to gas dynamics. He along with H. W. Liepmann is the co-author of the widely used textbook \"Elements of Gasdynamics\". He has made research contributions to problems of separated flow; bluff-body aerodynamics; structure of turbulent shear flow.\nHe completed his undergraduate education at the University of Alberta with a B.Sc. degree in Engineering Physics, in 1945, received the M.Sc. degree from Caltech in 1947 and the Ph.D. in 1952. Most of his academic career has been at Caltech, where he was the Theodore von Karman Professor of Aeronautics, Emeritus at the time of his death. He was also a member of the National Academy of Engineering; a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the American Physical Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and an Honorary Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences. Roshko received Fluid Dynamics Prize by the American Physical Society (APS) in 1987. He was also awarded the Timoshenko Medal in 1999.", "Q1115878": "The University of Richmond (UR or U of R) is a private liberal arts university in Richmond, Virginia. The university is a primarily undergraduate, residential university with approximately 4,350 undergraduate and graduate students in five schools: the School of Arts and Sciences, the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business, the Jepson School of Leadership Studies, the University of Richmond School of Law and the School of Professional & Continuing Studies.", "Q129348": "James Monroe (July 18, 1821 \u2013 July 6, 1898) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.", "Q109098": "Katie Liu Leung (born 8 August 1987) is a Scottish film, television, and stage actress. She played Cho Chang, the first love interest for lead character Harry Potter in the Harry Potter film series. In 2012, Leung made her stage debut in the play Wild Swans. Leung has an interest in painting and photography and studied art and design at the University of the Arts, London.", "Q178661": "The Dandy Warhols are an American alternative rock band, formed in Portland, Oregon in 1994 by singer-guitarist Courtney Taylor-Taylor and guitarist Peter Holmstr\u00f6m. They were later joined by keyboardist Zia McCabe and drummer Eric Hedford. Hedford left in 1998 and was replaced by Taylor-Taylor's cousin Brent DeBoer. The band's name is a play on the name of American pop artist Andy Warhol.\nThe band gained recognition after they were signed to Capitol Records and released their major label album debut, ...The Dandy Warhols Come Down, in 1997. In 2001, the band rose to new levels of fame after their song \"Bohemian Like You\" enjoyed extensive exposure due to being featured in a Vodafone advertisement. The Dandy Warhols were the subject of the 2004 documentary film Dig!, along with San Francisco psychedelic outfit The Brian Jonestown Massacre. They have released ten studio albums, two compilation albums, six EPs, and twenty-seven singles to date.", "Q431082": "Mimi Gibson (born October 19, 1948) is a former child actress.", "Q96756": "Martin Dannecker (born 1942 in Oberndorf am Neckar) is a German sexologist and author.\nDannecker was born in Oberndorf am Neckar. After his schooling, he initially entered industrial retailing and later trained as an actor at a theater school in Stuttgart. During this time, Dannecker came out and started to read literature on homosexuality. In 1966, Dannecker moved to Frankfurt am Main, and he enrolled at the university with a focus on philosophy, sociology, and psychology. In 1974, he and psychoanalyst Reimut Reiche published Der gew\u00f6hnliche Homosexuelle, a wide-ranging empirical study of German homosexuals.\nDannecker collaborated with director Rosa von Praunheim on the film Nicht der Homosexuelle ist pervers, sondern die Situation, in der er lebt. This film was premiered on WDR Television in 1972 and is widely credited with launching the modern German gay rights movement.\nFrom 1977 to 2005, Dannecker was employed at the Institut f\u00fcr Sexualwissenschaft, located at the University of Frankfurt clinic, where he offered courses on sexual counseling as well as homosexuality and film studies. He authored numerous articles and books on homosexuality, HIV/AIDS and sexual orientation. He also participated in workshops and conferences on film and LGBT topics. In 2005, Dannecker retired and moved from Frankfurt to Berlin.\nDannecker is a member of the board of directors at the organisation Queer Nations e.V.. Along with Gunter Schmidt and Volkmar Sigusch, he is editor of Beitr\u00e4ge zur Sexualforschung, which is published in Psychosozial-Verlag. He continues to offer workshops on sexual counseling, particularly in Austria.", "Q723358": "Daniel Leopold Wildenstein (11 September 1917 \u2013 23 October 2001) was a French art dealer, historian and owner-breeder of thoroughbred race horses. He was the third member of the family to preside over Wildenstein & Co., one of the most successful and influential art-dealerships of the 20th century. He was once described as \"probably the richest and most powerful art dealer on earth\".", "Q176894": "Zheng Zhemin (born 1924), also romanized as Cheng Chemin, is a Chinese explosives engineer and physicist specializing in explosive mechanics.\n\n", "Q447114": "Francisca Wilhelmina \"Cisca\" Dresselhuys (born 21 April 1943 in Leeuwarden) was the first head editor of the Dutch feminist monthly magazine Opzij from 1 November 1981 until 1 April 2008. Her journalistic career started at the daily Trouw.\nOn 11 June 2001, she received the Anne Vondeling prize for her publications in the year 2000. For the award she received 5000 guilders and a sculpture of Anne Vondeling.\nAs a republican, Dresselhuys opined that the abdication of Beatrix in 2013 should have been seized to abolish the Dutch monarchy. Although she was quite content with M\u00e1xima's efforts for the emancipation of women thus far, it was unjust how her position as the king's wife was subordinate, despite her misleading style of 'Queen'. In case of a new female head of state, Dresselhuys preferred a president heading a republic 'who has to deserve it, has to fight, take responsibility.'", "Q1519": "Abu Dhabi (US: , UK: ; Arabic: \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648 \u0638\u064e\u0628\u0652\u064a\u064d\u200e Ab\u016b \u1e92aby Arabic pronunciation: [\u0250\u02c8bu\u02c8\u00f0\u02e4\u0251bi]) is the capital and the second-most populous city of the United Arab Emirates (after Dubai). It is also the largest of the UAE's seven emirates. The city of Abu Dhabi is located on an island in the Persian Gulf, off the Central West Coast. Most of the city and the Emirate reside on the mainland connected to the rest of the country. As of 2020, Abu Dhabi's urban area had an estimated population of 1.48 million, out of 2.9 million in the emirate of Abu Dhabi, as of 2016.Abu Dhabi houses local and federal government offices and is the home of the United Arab Emirates Government and the Supreme Petroleum Council. The city is home to the President of the UAE, who is a member of the Al Nahyan family. Abu Dhabi's rapid development and urbanization, coupled with the massive oil and gas reserves and production and relatively high average income, have transformed it into a large, developed metropolis. It is the country's center of politics and industry, and a major culture and commerce center. Abu Dhabi accounts for about two-thirds of the roughly $400 billion UAE economy.", "Q4678787": "Adam Bromberg (12 March 1912 at Lublin, then Russian Empire \u2013 23 March 1993 at Stockholm, Sweden) was a Polish publisher.\nHe studied foreign trade in Vienna, and was a member of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine. In 1934, he was arrested and sentenced to 3.5 years of political prison. From 1939 to 1941, he worked as an editor in Lviv. He became a soldier of the Soviet Army in 1941, and a soldier of the Polish 1st Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko Infantry Division in 1943. He was named Deputy Director of \u201cKsi\u0105\u017cka\u201d Editors in 1946 and Director of the State Scientific Publishers in 1953.\nIn 1968, he was arrested in the Polish political crisis because of his Jewish descent. In 1969, he emigrated to Sweden, where he edited translations of Polish literature.", "Q7131498": "Panorama City is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles, California, in the San Fernando Valley. It has a generally young age range as well as the highest population density in the Valley. Ethnically, more than half the population was born abroad, a higher percentage than Los Angeles as a whole. Known as the valley's first planned community following a transition from agriculture to a post-World War II housing boom, it has produced several notable residents. Today it is a mixture of single-family homes and low-rise apartment buildings. Panorama City has three high schools, two recreational centers, a senior center, two hospitals and a chamber of commerce.", "Q22595": "Aurora, a suburb of Chicago, is a city in DuPage, Kane, Kendall, and Will counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. Located primarily in DuPage and Kane counties, it is an outer suburb of Chicago and the second most populous city in the state, and the 115th most populous city in the country. The population was 197,899 at the 2010 census, and was estimated to have increased to 199,602 by 2018.Once a mid-sized manufacturing city, Aurora has grown since the 1960s. Founded within Kane County, Aurora's city limits and population have expanded into DuPage, Will, and Kendall counties. Between 2000 and 2003, the U.S. Census Bureau ranked Aurora as the 34th fastest-growing city in the United States. From 2000 to 2009, the U.S. Census Bureau ranked the city as the 46th fastest growing city with a population of over 100,000.In 1908, Aurora adopted the nickname \"City of Lights\", because in 1881 it was one of the first cities in the United States to implement an all-electric street lighting system. Aurora's historic downtown is located on the Fox River, and centered on Stolp Island. The city is divided into three regions, the West Side, on the west side of the Fox River, the East Side, between the eastern bank of the Fox River and the Kane/DuPage County line, and the Far East Side/Fox Valley, which is from the County Line to the city's eastern border with Naperville.\nThe Aurora area has some significant architecture, including structures by Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Bruce Goff and George Grant Elmslie. Aurora is also home to a large collection of Sears Catalog Homes (over 50 homes) and Lustron all-steel homes (seven homes). The Hollywood Casino Aurora, a dockside gaming facility with 53,000 square feet (4,900 m2) and 1,200 gaming positions, is located along the river in downtown Aurora.\n\n", "Q167999": "Zbigniew Bujak (born 29 November 1954 in \u0141opuszno) is a former Polish activist and anti-Communist dissident. \nBujak was an electrician and foreman in 1980 at the Ursus tractor factory near Warsaw, Poland. He became engaged with trade union activists, and during the strike action, he organized strike committees at the Ursus factory. He became chairman of the Warsaw Solidarity branch in September 1980 and was one of the few Solidarity leaders who escaped arrest in 1981 after martial law in Poland was declared to break Solidarity. He became one of the leaders of the Solidarity's underground movement, organizing underground committees including underground press and radio. He was finally arrested in 1986, becoming the last Solidarity leader to be captured. Soon afterwards he was released in general amnesty, and participated in Polish Round Table Talks with the government in 1989. He was elected to the Sejm (Polish parliament) in the 1989 elections. In the 1990s he joined right-wing, liberal political parties, including the Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action, Democratic Union and Freedom Union. In 1992 he helped found the Labour Union (UP) party and was one of the party's leading members. He won a seat to the Sejm at the 1993 legislative elections, representing UP, and served as a member of parliament until 1997. He also held the position of chairman of G\u0142\u00f3wny Urz\u0105d Ce\u0142 (Main Tariff's Office). In the 2000s (decade), after his 2002 defeat for the post of mayor of Warsaw, he stopped participating actively in politics.\nBujak was a recipient of the Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award in 1986, given each year to an individual whose courageous activism is at the heart of the human rights movement and in the spirit of Robert F. Kennedy's vision and legacy.", "Q12456": "Hippoliet Jan Van Peene (1 January 1811 Kaprijke \u2013 19 February 1864 Ghent) was a Flemish physician and playwright.\nHe studied medicine at the State University of Leuven and became a physician in Kaprijke and later in Ghent.\nIn 1847 he wrote the lyrics of the Flemish anthem De Vlaamse Leeuw of which the music was composed by Karel Miry. He was the first modern Flemish playwright and he wrote 35 theatre plays, which in his time were performed by Broedermin en Taelyver in Ghent. At the inauguration of the Minard Theatre in 1847, his Brigitta of de Twee Vondelingen was performed.", "Q264596": "Mamie Van Doren (born Joan Lucille Olander; February 6, 1931) is an American actress, model, singer, and sex symbol. She is perhaps best remembered for the rock 'n' roll, juvenile delinquency exploitation movie Untamed Youth (1957).", "Q202613": "MU330 are an American ska punk band from St. Louis, Missouri, United States.\nFormed by students of St. Louis University High School in 1988, MU330 played a self-described brand of music called \"Psycho Ska\", high energy ska punk marked by manic performances and humorous, often strange lyricism. Since 1997, however, the band's musical direction has shifted towards a more melodic and lyric-driven ska/indie rock sound, a combination that's been described as \"Weezer meets The Specials\".Dan Potthast (guitar/vocals), Ted Moll (drums), Chris Diebold (bass) and Robert Bell (trombone) have remained with MU330 since the band's inception, while trombonist Gerry Lundquist has been a member for over a decade. Though several different frontmen have been featured in the past, Potthast has always acted as the band's principal songwriter and lyricist.", "Q7168": "Short description|Study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals.\n\nHistology,\nalso known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology which studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope. Although one may divide microscopic anatomy into organology, the study of organs, histology, the study of tissues, and cytology, the study of cells, modern usage places these topics under the field of histology. In medicine, histopathology is the branch of histology that includes the microscopic identification and study of diseased tissue. In the field of paleontology, the term paleohistology refers to the histology of fossil organisms.", "Q128730": "Thirteen Days is a 2000 American historical political thriller film directed by Roger Donaldson. It dramatizes the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, seen from the perspective of the US political leadership. Kevin Costner stars as top White House assistant Kenneth P. O'Donnell, with Bruce Greenwood featured as President John F. Kennedy, Steven Culp as Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, and Dylan Baker as Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara.\nWhile the film carries the same title as the book Thirteen Days by former Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, it is in fact based on a different book, The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis, by Ernest R. May and Philip D. Zelikow. It is the second docudrama made about the crisis, the first being 1974's The Missiles of October, which was based on Kennedy's book. The 2000 film contains some newly declassified information not available to the earlier production, but takes greater dramatic license, particularly in its choice of O'Donnell as protagonist. It received generally positive reviews from critics who praised the screenplay and performances of the cast but was a major box office failure grossing $66.6 million against its $80 million budget.", "Q54365": "Ska (; Jamaican: [skj\u00e6]) is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae. It combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues. Ska is characterized by a walking bass line accented with rhythms on the off beat. It was developed in Jamaica in the 1960s when Prince Buster, Clement \"Coxsone\" Dodd, and Duke Reid formed sound systems to play American rhythm and blues and then began recording their own songs. In the early 1960s, ska was the dominant music genre of Jamaica and was popular with British mods. Later it became popular with many skinheads.Music historians typically divide the history of ska into three periods: the original Jamaican scene of the 1960s; the 2 Tone ska revival of the late 1970s in Britain, which fused Jamaican ska rhythms and melodies with the faster tempos and harder edge of punk rock forming ska-punk; and third wave ska, which involved bands from a wide range of countries around the world, in the late 1980s and 1990s.", "Q427186": "Rocco and His Brothers (Italian: Rocco e i suoi fratelli) is a 1960 Italian film directed by Luchino Visconti, inspired by an episode from the novel Il ponte della Ghisolfa by Giovanni Testori. Set in Milan, it tells the story of an immigrant family from the South and its disintegration in the society of the industrial North. The title is a combination of Thomas Mann's Joseph and His Brothers and the name of Rocco Scotellaro, an Italian poet who described the feelings of the peasants of southern Italy.The film stars Alain Delon, Renato Salvatori, Annie Girardot, and Claudia Cardinale in one of her early roles before she became internationally known. The score was composed by Nino Rota.", "Q14999": "Gaston Fran\u00e7ois Marie, Viscount Eyskens (1 April 1905 \u2013 3 January 1988) was a Christian democratic politician and Prime Minister of Belgium. He was also an economist and member of the Belgian Christian Social Party (CVP-PSC).\nHe served three terms as Prime Minister of Belgium, holding the position from 1949 to 1950, 1958 to 1961 and 1968 to 1973. During his periods in office, Eyskens was confronted with major ideological and linguistic conflicts within Belgium including the Royal Question in 1950, the School War in 1958, the independence of the Belgian Congo in 1960 and the split of the University of Leuven in 1970. He oversaw the first steps towards the federalization of Belgium (constitutional reform of 1970).", "Q288258": "Maria Viktoria Mena (born 19 February 1986) is a Norwegian award-winning pop artist, best known for her singles such as \"You're the Only One\", \"Just Hold Me\", \"All This Time\" which charted in multiple countries.", "Q437395": "Marta Gastini (born 2 October 1989) is an Italian actress, best known for playing Giulia Farnese in Borgia and for starring in the film The Rite.", "Q44176": "Terry Gene Bollea (, born August 11, 1953), better known by his ring name as Hulk Hogan, is an American retired professional wrestler, actor, television personality, entrepreneur, and musician. According to IGN, Hogan is \"the most recognized wrestling star worldwide and the most popular wrestler of the 1980s\".Hogan began his professional wrestling career in 1977, but gained worldwide recognition after signing for World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) in 1983. There, his persona as a heroic all-American helped usher in the 1980s professional wrestling boom, where he headlined the first nine editions of WWF's flagship annual event, WrestleMania. During his initial run, Hogan also won the WWF Championship five times, with his first reign holding the record for the second-longest in company history. Additionally, he is the first wrestler to win consecutive Royal Rumble matches, winning in 1990 and 1991.\nIn 1994, he departed the WWF to sign for rival promotion World Championship Wrestling (WCW). Hogan subsequently won the WCW World Heavyweight Championship six times, and also holds the record for the longest reign in company history. In 1996, he adopted the villainous persona of \"Hollywood\" Hulk Hogan, leading the popular New World Order (NWO) stable. As a result, he became a major figure during the \"Monday Night Wars\", another boom of mainstream professional wrestling. Hogan also headlined WCW's annual flagship event Starrcade three times, including the most profitable WCW pay-per-view ever at the event's 1997 edition.He returned to WWE from WCW in 2002, and won the WWE championship for a sixth time, before departing in 2003. He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2005, and will be inducted a second time in 2020 as a member of the NWO.Aside from those promotions, Hogan also performed for the American Wrestling Association (AWA), New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He notably won the original IWGP Heavyweight Championship, and the northern and southern iterations of the NWA Southeastern Heavyweight Championship outside WWE.During and after wrestling, Hogan had an extensive acting career, beginning with his 1982 antagonist role in Rocky III. He has starred in several movies (including No Holds Barred, Suburban Commando and Mr. Nanny) and three television shows (Hogan Knows Best, Thunder in Paradise, and China, IL), as well as in Right Guard commercials and the video game, Hulk Hogan's Main Event. He was the frontman for The Wrestling Boot Band, whose sole record, Hulk Rules, reached #12 on the Billboard Top Kid Audio chart in 1995.", "Q2749818": "Juli\u00e1n Garc\u00eda Valverde (born 1946) is a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Health and Consumer Affairs from March 1991 to January 1992.", "Q328944": "Michael Marshall (September 13, 1944 \u2013 June 2, 2005) was a French American actor.", "Q121072": "Bernhard Hess (born 5 April 1966) is a Swiss politician from the canton of Bern. He was the president of the Swiss Democrats from 2005 to 2012 and was a member of the National Council from December 5, 1999 to December 1, 2007.Hess was born in Solothurn, and grew up in Langnau im Emmental, the son of Karl and Margot Hess. His father was a secondary school teacher of Latin and Greek and an activist of the Nationale Aktion (later the Swiss Democrats). His mother was the daughter of Swiss expatriates in Germany, and she lived K\u00f6nigsberg until the end of World War II. Hess completed a management apprenticeship, and then started a career as a loan officer at a bank.\nIn 1988, Hess joined the Nationale Aktion (what would later be called the Swiss Democrats). Between 1994 and 1998, he served on the city council of Bern. In 1998 he was elected to the Grand Council of Bern, the cantonal parliament. In the Federal Assembly elections in 1999, Hess was elected as the only Swiss Democrat in the National Council. In the 2007 election he lost this seat.\nSince 1992, Hess has worked full-time for the Swiss Democrats. From 1993 to 1995, he was secretary of the Swiss Democrats/Ticino League group in the Federal Assembly, and from 1995 to 1999 he was secretary for the Swiss Democrats group. From 2003 to 2005 he was general secretary of the party. Hess is a member of the Campaign for an Independent and Neutral Switzerland, Pro Libertate, and the Sprachkreises Deutsch. During his time in the leadership of the Swiss Democrats, he discussed forming an alliance of right-wing parties in Switzerland, including the Ticino League and Geneva Citizens' Movement.", "Q447672": "Melissa M\u00fcller (born 1967 in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian journalist and author.\nShe is the author of Anne Frank: The Biography, which draws on historical documents and personal interviews with those who knew Anne Frank to provide a fuller picture of Frank's life than the diary permits. She is also the editor of Traudl Junge's \"Until The Final Hour: Hitler's Last Secretary\".\n\n", "Q940594": "Manuel Mujica L\u00e1inez (11 September 1910, Buenos Aires, Argentina- 21 April 1984, Cruz Chica, La Cumbre, C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina) was an Argentine novelist, essayist and art critic.", "Q52714": "Chavannes-pr\u00e8s-Renens is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Ouest Lausannois.", "Q24682": "Sadeq Ardeshir Larijani (Persian: \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0634\u06cc\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e; born 12 March 1961), better known as Amoli Larijani (Persian: \u0622\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e), is an Iranian cleric, conservative politician and the former and fifth head of the judicial system of Iran after the 1979 revolution.", "Q96030": "Ludwig Haas (born 16 April 1933) is a German television actor from Eutin, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.\nHe is best known for portraying Dr. Ludwig Dressler in the WDR German television series Lindenstra\u00dfe, since the very first episode in 1985.", "Q278801": "Arnold Stephen \"A. J.\" Jacobs Jr. (born March 20, 1968) is an American journalist, author, and lecturer best known for writing about his lifestyle experiments. He is an editor at large for Esquire and has worked for the Antioch Daily Ledger and Entertainment Weekly.", "Q1626025": "Homer Hadley Hickam Jr. (born February 19, 1943) is an American author, Vietnam War veteran, and a former NASA engineer who trained the first Japanese astronauts. His 1998 memoir Rocket Boys (also published as October Sky) was a New York Times Best Seller and was the basis for the 1999 film October Sky. Hickam's body of written work also includes several additional best-selling memoirs and novels, including the \"Josh Thurlow\" historical fiction novels and his 2015 best-selling Carrying Albert Home: The Somewhat True Story of a Man, his Wife, and her Alligator. His books have been translated into many languages.", "Q246737": "The Exarchate of Africa was a division of the Byzantine Empire centered at Carthage, Tunisia, which encompassed its possessions on the Western Mediterranean. Ruled by an exarch (viceroy) it was established by the Emperor Maurice in the late 580s and survived until the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the late 7th century. It was one of two exarchates established following the western reconquests under Emperor Justinian I to more effectively administer the territories, along with the Exarchate of Ravenna.", "Q3341342": "Nigel Allan Burgess (1942 - 1992) was a British single-handed yachtsman, Master Mariner and businessman. He took part in the OSTAR and the Vend\u00e9e Globe. He founded Nigel Burgess Yacht Brokers, a company which has remained one of the leading yachtbrokers in the world, and was responsible for the sale of Saddam Hussein's yacht in 2008.Born in 1942 in Cheam, Surrey he was educated at Homefield Preparatory School and Thames Nautical Training College. He served with the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) gaining his master's ticket. His first major single handed yacht race was the Observer Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race in 1968 in which he sailed his yacht Dogwatch.\nOn leaving the RFA he established Nigel Burgess Yacht Brokers and moved his home to Monaco.He subsequently entered the 1988 Carlsberg Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race in Dogwatch A coming first in his class.In 1992 he entered that year's Vend\u00e9e Globe and was lost at sea three days into the race.", "Q434844": "Sheila McCarthy (born January 1, 1956) is a Canadian actress and singer. She has worked in film, television, and on stage. McCarthy is one of Canada's most honoured actors, having won two Genie Awards (film), two Gemini Awards (television), an ACTRA Award, and two Dora Awards (theatre), along with multiple nominations.", "Q913872": "Bridget Jane Fonda (born January 27, 1964) is a retired American actress. She is known for her roles in The Godfather Part III (1990), Single White Female (1992), Singles (1992), Point of No Return (1993), It Could Happen to You (1994), and Jackie Brown (1997). She is the daughter of Peter Fonda, niece of Jane Fonda, and granddaughter of Henry Fonda.\nFonda was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing Mandy Rice-Davies in the 1989 film Scandal and provided the voice for Jenna in the 1995 animated feature film Balto. She received an Emmy Award nomination for the 1997 TV film In the Gloaming, and a second Golden Globe Award nomination for the 2001 TV film No Ordinary Baby.", "Q49452": "Pierre Henri Clostermann (28 February 1921 \u2013 22 March 2006) was a World War II French fighter pilot.\nDuring the conflict he achieved 33 air-to-air combat victories, earning the accolade \"France's First Fighter\" from General Charles de Gaulle. His wartime memoir, The Big Show (Le Grand Cirque) became a notable bestseller. After the war, he worked as an engineer and was a Member of France's Parliament.\n\n", "Q352030": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Menzel (Czech: [\u02c8j\u026ar\u031di\u02d0 \u02c8m\u025bntsl\u0329] (listen)) (born 23 February 1938, Prague) is a Czech film director, theatre director, actor, and screenwriter. His films often combine a humanistic view of the world with sarcasm and provocative cinematography. Some of these films are adapted from works by Czech writers such as Bohumil Hrabal and Vladislav Van\u010dura.\nMenzel, a member of the Czech New Wave, became internationally famous in 1967, when his first feature film, Closely Watched Trains, won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. His film Larks on a String was filmed in 1969, but was banned by the Czechoslovakian government. It was finally released in 1990 after the fall of the Communist regime. The film won the Golden Bear at the 40th Berlin International Film Festival.Menzel was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film again in 1986 with his dark comedy My Sweet Little Village. In 1987, he was a member of the jury at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival. In 1989 he was a member of the jury at the 16th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1995 he was a member of the jury at the 19th Moscow International Film Festival. He was awarded a IIFA Lifetime Achievement Award in November 2013.\n\n", "Q188586": "The Kingdom of Sicily (Latin: Regnum Siciliae, Italian: Regno di Sicilia, Sicilian: Regnu di Sicilia, Catalan: Regne de Sic\u00edlia, Spanish: Reino de Sicilia) was a state that existed in the south of the Italian peninsula and for a time the region of Ifriqiya from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816. It was a successor state of the County of Sicily, which had been founded in 1071 during the Norman conquest of the southern peninsula. The island was divided into three regions: Val di Mazara, Val Demone and Val di Noto; val being the apocopic form of the word vallo, derived from the Arabic word wil\u0101ya (meaning 'district').\nIn 1282, a revolt against Angevin rule, known as the Sicilian Vespers, threw off Charles of Anjou's rule of the island of Sicily. The Angevins managed to maintain control in the mainland part of the kingdom, which became a separate entity also styled Kingdom of Sicily, although it is commonly referred to as the Kingdom of Naples, after its capital. The island became a separate kingdom under the Crown of Aragon.\nAfter 1302 the island kingdom was sometimes called the Kingdom of Trinacria. Often the kingship was vested in another monarch such as the King of Aragon, the King of Spain, or the Holy Roman Emperor. In 1816 the island Kingdom of Sicily merged with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. In 1861 the Two Sicilies were amalgamated with Sardinia and several northern city-states and duchies to form the Kingdom of Italy.", "Q259617": "Wasserburg am Inn is a town in Rosenheim district in Upper Bavaria, Germany. The historic centre is a peninsula formed by the meandering Inn River. Many Medieval structures remain intact, giving the city a unique view.", "Q78857": "Alfred Ritter von Arneth (10 July 1819 \u2013 30 July 1897) was an Austrian historian. His principal scholarly work is a ten-volume biography of the Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa, first published in installments from 1863 to 1879 and still regarded as the standard work on the subject. Born at Vienna, he was the son of Joseph Calasanza von Arneth (1791\u20131863), a well-known historian and archaeologist, who wrote a history of the Austrian Empire (Vienna, 1827) and several works on numismatics and brother of Doctor Franz Hektor von Arneth (1818\u20131907).", "Q942383": "The Liberal Union (German: Liberale Vereinigung) was a short-lived liberal party in the German Empire. It originated in 1880 as a break-away from the National Liberal Party and is therefore also called Secession and merged with the left liberal German Progress Party to form the German Free-minded Party (German: Deutsche Freisinnige Partei, DFP) in 1884.\nThe leftist faction of the National Liberal Party expressed discontent with the party leadership's support for Otto von Bismarck's conservative government. Most importantly, they supported free trade whereas National Liberal leaders Rudolf von Bennigsen and Johann von Miquel sustained Bismarck's prohibitive tariffs strategy (Schutzzollpolitik). Other contentious points included the Anti-Socialist Laws (Sozialistengesetze), the Kulturkampf against the Catholic Church and the septennial military budget (Septennat).\nEduard Lasker led the Secession. Other notable members included Ludwig Bamberger, Berlin's mayor Max von Forckenbeck, historian and future Nobel laureate Theodor Mommsen, Friedrich Kapp, Theodor Barth, Heinrich Edwin Rickert and Georg von Siemens. The Liberal Union was a notables' party (Honoratiorenpartei), having its electorate mainly amongst the North and East German upper classes, wholesale merchants and intellectuals. The organisational structure was rather loose. Nevertheless, the new grouping was initially successful, gaining 46 seats of the Reichstag in the 1881 federal election\u2014as many as the preceding National liberals.Ultimately, the Secessionists planned to merge all German liberals into a single whole liberal party\u2014hence the name Liberal Union, with liberal and parliamentary monarchist positions, modelled after the British Liberal Party and ideally to govern under a future Emperor Frederick III. However, the National Liberals made clear they would not leave the majority loyal to Bismarck, therefore Secessionist representative Franz von Stauffenberg negotiated with Eugen Richter, the leader of the left liberal German Progress Party in early 1884. As early as in March 1884, both parties' legislators formed a joint parliamentary group with together 100 seats. Timely to the federal election in October, the German Free-minded Party was formed. Subsequently, the parliamentary representation diminished to only 64 members of the Reichstag.", "Q364582": "Tullio Kezich (17 September 1928 in Trieste \u2013 17 August 2009 in Rome) was an Italian screenwriter and playwright, best known as the film critic for Corriere della Sera and for his award-winning biography of Italian director Federico Fellini.", "Q726546": "Erna Inari Kaarina Siikavirta (born 8 October 1977 in Espoo) is a Finnish keyboard player. She is best known as a member of the Finnish hard rock band Lordi, which she joined in 1997 under the stage name Enary. She left the band in 2005, at the request of the other members.In 1998, Erna joined Children of Bodom on their first European tour, temporarily replacing keyboardist Janne Wirman. In the same year, Erna sang soprano on the album Fallen Angel's Symphony for the German band Ancient Ceremony. In 1999, she played keyboard for Sinergy during their live gigs. Erna was also keyboardist for the Finnish group Grain, until their split in 2001. In 2001 and 2002, she played synthesizer in Markku Klami's Meditation (op. 10/1) and Hymn For Christmas.\nIn 2006, Erna joined the Finnish \"gravedigger metal\" band Deathlike Silence, replacing former keyboardist Mr. Rigor Mortis. In 2008 she had to leave because of her pregnancy, eventually moving to the band Arthemesia, which was disbanded in 2010.", "Q123665": "Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal Arroyo (Tagalog pronunciation: [makapa\u02c8\u0261al \u0250\u02c8\u027e\u0254j\u0254], born April 5, 1947) is a Filipino academic and former politician who was the 10th Vice President of the Philippines, 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 until 2010. She held the position of the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines (the first woman to hold the positions of Vice President and Speaker of the House of Representatives) from 2018 until 2019, when she retired.Arroyo studied Economics at Georgetown University at Washington, D.C. where she began a lasting friendly relationship with her classmate and future U.S. President Bill Clinton. The daughter of President Diosdado Macapagal, Arroyo was a professor of economics at Ateneo de Manila University, where her eventual successor, President Benigno Aquino III, was one of her students. She entered government in 1987, serving as the assistant secretary and undersecretary of the Department of Trade and Industry upon the invitation of President Corazon Aquino, Benigno's mother. After serving as a senator from 1992 to 1998, she was elected to the vice presidency under President Joseph Estrada, despite having run on an opposing ticket.\nAfter Estrada was accused of corruption, she resigned her cabinet position as Secretary of Social Welfare and Development and joined the growing opposition against the president, who faced impeachment. Estrada was soon forced out from office by the Second EDSA Revolution in 2001, and Arroyo was sworn into the presidency by Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. on January 20 that year. In 2003, the Oakwood mutiny occurred after signs of a martial law declaration were seen under her rule. She was elected to a full six-year term in the controversial 2004 presidential election, and was sworn in on June 30, 2004. Following her presidency, she was elected to the House of Representatives through her home district, making her the second Philippine president\u2014after Jos\u00e9 P. Laurel\u2014to pursue a lower office after their presidency.\nOn November 18, 2011, Arroyo was arrested following the filing of criminal charges against her for an alleged electoral fraud which was dismissed later on for lack of evidence. She was held at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City under charges of electoral sabotage but released on bail in July 2012. She was rearrested in October 2012, on charges of misuse of $8.8 million in state lottery funds. She was given a hospital arrest, allegedly due to \"life-threatening health conditions\" certified by her doctors. On July 19, 2016, she was acquitted by the Supreme Court by a vote of 11-4 under the administration of her ally, Rodrigo Duterte. Also, the Supreme Court declared the DOJ's hold departure order unconstitutional. Her lawyers afterwards stated that Arroyo no longer needed her medical paraphernalia, releasing her from the hospital.She has since been a member of the Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language after she announced her support to bring back Spanish as an official language of the Philippines during her 9-year presidency.\nIn July 23, 2018, she was elected as the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines under the Duterte Administration controversially replacing Pantaleon Alvarez. She spearheaded various controversial bills, including a bill that sought to lower the age of criminal liability to 12 years old.\n\n", "Q1025777": "Cahit Karaka\u015f (born 1928) is a Turkish engineer and a former politician. He served as government minister and Speaker of the Parliament.", "Q48980": "Liar Liar is a 1997 American fantasy comedy film directed by Tom Shadyac, written by Paul Guay and Stephen Mazur and starring Jim Carrey, who was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Comedy.\nThe film is the second of three collaborations between Carrey and Shadyac, the first being Ace Ventura: Pet Detective and the third being Bruce Almighty. It is also the second of three collaborations between Guay and Mazur, the others being The Little Rascals and Heartbreakers.", "Q292214": "Megan Park (born July 24, 1986) is a Canadian actress, singer and director. She is known for her portrayal of Grace Bowman in the television series The Secret Life of the American Teenager.", "Q434850": "Annisteen Allen (November 11, 1920 \u2013 August 10, 1992) was an American blues and jazz singer.Ernestine Letitia Allen was born in Champaign, Illinois, United States. Her first recordings were made in 1945, and included \"Miss Annie's Blues\" and \"Love for Sale.\" She sang with Big John Greer, Wynonie Harris, and Lucky Millinder. In 1951, Federal Records signed her to sing with Millinder's orchestra. She scored other hits with Millinder such as \"I'll Never Be Free\", \"Let It Roll\", \"I'm Waiting Just for You\" (written by Carolyn Leigh and Henry Glover), \"Moanin' the Blues\", \"I Want a Man,\" and \"More, More, More.\" Federal's parent company, King Records, acquired her in 1953.Her single, \"Baby I'm Doin' It,\" released in 1953 appeared on the US Billboard R&B chart (No. 8). After releasing the single, Apollo Records sued King for copyright infringement, and as a result King dropped her from its roster. She then signed with Capitol Records and did tours with Joe Morris and The Orioles. In 1955, she scored a hit in the US with \"Fujiyama Mama.\" The track was later covered by Eileen Barton and then by Wanda Jackson.Allen became a solo artist in the 1960s.\nAnnisteen Allen died in Harlem, New York City at age 71.", "Q870331": "Piz Umbrail (3,033 m) is a mountain of the Ortler Alps, south of the Umbrail Pass (2,503 m), located on the border between Lombardy (Italy) and Graub\u00fcnden (Switzerland).\nThe mountain surface is partly of rubble and partly covered by grass, and therefore of little interest to mountaineers, but its proximity to the Umbrail Pass and accessible surface make it a popular destination for other visitors. In winter it is a relatively easy destination for ski-mountaineers.", "Q69796": "Heinrich Ahrens (14 July 1808 \u2013 2 August 1874) was a German philosopher and jurist.", "Q558034": "Clarence Ray Nagin Jr., also known as C. Ray Nagin (born June 11, 1956), is an American former politician and convicted felon who was the 60th Mayor of New Orleans, Louisiana, from 2002 to 2010. A Democrat, Nagin became internationally known in 2005 in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.\nNagin was first elected as mayor in March 2002. He was re-elected in 2006 when the election was held with at least two-thirds of New Orleans citizens still displaced after Katrina struck. Term-limited by law, he left office on May 3, 2010.\nAfter leaving office, Nagin founded CRN Initiatives LLC, a firm that focuses on emergency preparedness, green energy product development, publishing, and public speaking. He wrote and self-published Katrina Secrets: Storms after the Storms.In 2014, Nagin was convicted on twenty of twenty-one charges of wire fraud, bribery, and money laundering related to bribes from city contractors before and after Katrina and was sentenced to ten years in federal prison.\n\n", "Q729661": "Jerome Bert Wiesner (May 30, 1915 \u2013 October 21, 1994) was a professor of electrical engineering, chosen by President John F. Kennedy as chairman of his Science Advisory Committee (PSAC). Educated at the University of Michigan, he was associate director of the university's radio broadcasting service and provided electronic and acoustical assistance to the National Music Camp at Interlochen, Michigan. During World War II, he worked on microwave radar development at the MIT Radiation Laboratory. He worked briefly after the war at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, then returned to MIT's Research Laboratory of Electronics from 1946 to 1961. After serving as Kennedy's science advisor, he returned to MIT, becoming its president from 1971 to 1980. He died at his home of heart failure.\nHe was an outspoken critic of manned exploration of outer space, believing instead in automated space probes. He challenged NASA's choice of developing the Apollo Lunar Module as a means to achieving Kennedy's goal of landing men on the Moon. At Kennedy's direction, he investigated Rachel Carson's criticism of the use of the pesticide DDT, and issued a report in support of her claims. He was an advocate for arms control, and a critic of anti-ballistic-missile defense systems. While MIT president, he was put on President Richard M. Nixon's extended \"enemies list\".", "Q84420": "Walter Linse (23 August 1903 \u2013 15 December 1953) was a German lawyer and Acting President of the Association of Free German Jurists, an organization with links to the CIA.\nDuring the Nazi reign he was responsible for Aryanization of Jewish property in the district of Chemnitz.\nIn the early 1950s he was actively involved in uncovering human rights violations in the Soviet occupation zone such as arbitrary arrests, secret trials, and detention in labor camps. On 8 July 1952, he was kidnapped by the East German Ministry for State Security Stasi held in Hohensch\u00f6nhausen prison, then handed over to the KGB and eventually executed in the Butyrka prison in Moscow.\nAccording to a Life Magazine article dated 28 July 1952, Linse was kidnapped from outside his home on Gerichtsstra\u00dfe American occupation zone of Berlin where at around 7.30am he was assaulted and bundled into a car. A woman who witnessed the event cried out for help and a lorry (truck) driver gave chase. The kidnappers in the car fired shots at the lorry (truck) with a pistol and dropped caltrops to deter the chase, and the car escaped into the Soviet occupation zone of Berlin with a vehicle barrier being raised to help speed the escape. (It needs to be remembered that the Berlin Wall was not constructed until 1961, so travel between the zones was still relatively unhindered at this time.)\nThe Life article claimed to quote part of a response to the kidnapping from Neues Deutschland, a communist supported paper, translated in Life as \"Linse....got lost. Not a single agent of war-mongering imperialism will be safe, wherever he hangs out \u2013 be it West Berlin, Bonn, Paris or even Washington.\"\nA West German police press statement, made on 13 July, identified and named four male kidnappers and 13 other accomplices who were involved in the kidnap. The police stated that all those involved were in the employ of the East German Ministry for State Security, also known as the Stasi.\nAfter Linse's death, the International Commission of Jurists was set up in his memory. It is now a significant human rights non-governmental organization specializing in supporting the rule of law across the world.", "Q622046": "April Stevens (born Caroline Vincinette LoTempio; April 29, 1929) is an American singer.", "Q3072042": "Kung fu film (Chinese: \u529f\u592b\u7247; pinyin: G\u014dngfu pi\u00e0n; Jyutping: Gung1fu1pin3) is a subgenre of martial arts films and Hong Kong action cinema set in the contemporary period and featuring realistic martial arts. It lacks the fantasy elements seen in wuxia, a related martial arts genre that uses historical settings based on ancient China. Swordplay is also less common in kung-fu films than in wuxia and fighting is done through unarmed combat.Kung fu films are an important product of Hong Kong cinema and the West, where it was exported. Studios in Hong Kong produce both wuxia and kung fu films.", "Q4313": "Alain de Lille (Latin: Alanus ab Insulis; c. 1128 \u2013 1202/03) was a French theologian and poet. He was born in Lille, some time before 1128. His exact date of death remains unclear as well, with most research pointing toward it being between 14 April 1202, and 5 April 1203.\n\n", "Q323805": "Grzegorz Zbigniew Ciechowski (August 29, 1957 in Tczew \u2013 December 22, 2001 in Warsaw) was a Polish rock musician and film music composer.\nCiechowski was the founder and frontman of the band Republika, which was one of Poland's most popular rock groups. In the mid-1980s, Ciechowski took a break from the group and formed a new band called Obywatel GC (Citizen GC), again with considerable commercial success. At least a seven-song eponymous vinyl record, Obywatel G.C. exists, released by Tonpress KAW, copyright 1986. In 1991, Republika was revived, and Ciechowski was involved with a number of other ensembles. In 1996, as Grzegorz z Ciechowa, he recorded the album ojDADAna.Ciechowski also composed for other artists such as Kasia Kowalska and Justyna Steczkowska and produced an album for German vocalist Mona Mur. He composed scores for the films Stan Strachu by Janusz Kijowski and The Hexer by Marek Brodzki; for the latter he received a Polish Film Award in 2001. Additionally, he wrote music for the German television show Schlo\u00df Pompon Rouge.\nCiechowski won ten Fryderyk Awards for his music, more than any other musician.\nCiechowski died of a heart attack after heart aneurysm surgery. He was 44. His ashes were buried at Pow\u0105zki Military Cemetery on January 4, 2002.\n\n", "Q284476": "Adele Mary Blood (April 23, 1886 \u2013 September 13, 1936) was an American actress in silent movies, vaudeville, and theater.", "Q551776": "Patrick Poivre d'Arvor (French pronunciation: \u200b[pat\u0281ik pwav\u0281 da\u0281v\u0254\u0281]; 20 September 1947) is a French TV journalist and writer. He is a household name in France, and nicknamed PPDA. With over 30 years and in excess of 4,500 editions of television news to his credit, he was one of the longest serving newsreaders in the world until he was fired in 2008. He presented his last newscast on TF1 on 10 July 2008.\n\n", "Q427192": "Way Back Home is a 1931 American Pre-Code drama film directed by William A. Seiter and starring Phillips Lord, Effie Palmer, Frank Albertson, and Bette Davis. The screenplay by Jane Murfin is based on characters created for the NBC Radio show Seth Parker by Phillips Lord.", "Q116812": "Oriol Junqueras i Vies (Catalan pronunciation: [u\u027ei\u02c8\u0254l \u0292u\u014b\u02c8ke\u027e\u0259z i \u02c8\u03b2i.\u0259s]; born 11 April 1969) is a Spanish politician, historian and academic from Catalonia. A former mayor of the municipality of Sant Vicen\u00e7 dels Horts in north-eastern Spain, Junqueras served as Vice President of Catalonia from January 2016 to October 2017 when he was removed from office following the Catalan declaration of independence and entered prison, convicted to 13 years for his role in organizing the 2017 Catalan independence referendum. He is president of the Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC). Born in 1969 in Barcelona, Junqueras grew up in the municipality of Sant Vicen\u00e7 dels Horts. After graduating from the Autonomous University of Barcelona, he taught history at the university.As a supporter of Catalan independence, Junqueras joined Republican Left of Catalonia in 2010. Three years before, he had been elected to the Municipality Council of Sant Vicen\u00e7 dels Horts for the same party, and in 2011 he became mayor. He was elected to the European Parliament in 2009, a seat he held until January 2012. \nIn 2012 he was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia for the Province of Barcelona. In January 2016, following an agreement between the Junts pel S\u00ed (JxS\u00ed), an electoral alliance of which ERC was a part, and the Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP), Junqueras was appointed Vice President of Catalonia.\nOn 1 October 2017 an independence referendum was held in Catalonia despite the Constitutional Court ruling that it breached the Spanish constitution. 92% supported independence though turnout was only 43%. Catalan government officials have argued that the turnout would have been higher were it not for Spanish police suppression of the vote. On the other hand, many voters who did not support Catalan independence did not turn out, as the constitutional political parties asked citizens not to participate in what they considered an illegal referendum.The Catalan Parliament declared independence on 27 October 2017 which resulted in the Spanish government imposing direct rule on Catalonia, dismissing the Catalan government. The Catalan Parliament was dissolved and fresh elections called. On 30 October 2017 charges of rebellion, sedition and misuse of public funds were brought against Junqueras and other members of the Catalan government. On 2 November 2017 Junqueras and seven other Catalan ministers were remanded in custody by the Audiencia Nacional. Six of the ministers were released on bail on 4 December 2017 but Junqueras and Minister of the Interior Joaquim Forn were kept in custody. At the regional elections held on 21 December 2017 Junqueras was re-elected to Parliament and Catalan pro-independence parties retained an absolute parliamentary majority. Junqueras was suspended as an MP by a Supreme Court judge on 10 July 2018 and remains in prison. On 14 October 2019 he was sentenced to 13 years in prison and a 13-year ban from holding public office for the crimes of sedition and misappropriation of public funds. The European Court of Justice ruled on 19 December 2019 that Junqueras had parliamentary immunity as he was an elected MEP and should have been released from prison.", "Q1662673": "Gender studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to analysing gender identity and gendered representation. It includes women's studies (concerning women, feminism, gender, and politics), men's studies and queer studies. Sometimes, gender studies is offered together with study of sexuality.\nThese disciplines study gender and sexuality in the fields of literature, language, geography, history, political science, sociology, anthropology, cinema, media studies, human development, law, public health and medicine. It also analyzes how race, ethnicity, location, class, nationality, and disability intersect with the categories of gender and sexuality.Regarding gender, Simone de Beauvoir said: \"One is not born a woman, one becomes one.\" This view proposes that in gender studies, the term \"gender\" should be used to refer to the social and cultural constructions of masculinity and femininity and not to the state of being male or female in its entirety. However, this view is not held by all gender theorists. Beauvoir's is a view that many sociologists support (see Sociology of gender), though there are many other contributors to the field of gender studies with different backgrounds and opposing views, such as psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan and feminists such as Judith Butler.\nGender is pertinent to many disciplines, such as literary theory, drama studies, film theory, performance theory, contemporary art history, anthropology, sociology, sociolinguistics and psychology. However, these disciplines sometimes differ in their approaches to how and why gender is studied. For instance in anthropology, sociology and psychology, gender is often studied as a practice, whereas in cultural studies representations of gender are more often examined. In politics, gender can be viewed as a foundational discourse that political actors employ in order to position themselves on a variety of issues. Gender studies is also a discipline in itself, incorporating methods and approaches from a wide range of disciplines.Each field came to regard \"gender\" as a practice, sometimes referred to as something that is performative. Feminist theory of psychoanalysis, articulated mainly by Julia Kristeva (the \"semiotic\" and \"abjection\") and Bracha L. Ettinger (the feminine-prematernal-maternal matrixial Eros of borderlinking and compassion, \"matrixial trans-subjectivity\" and the \"primal mother-phantasies\"), and informed both by Freud, Lacan and the object relations theory, is very influential in gender studies.\nAccording to Sam Killermann, gender can also be broken into three categories, gender identity, gender expression, and biological sex. These three categories are another way of breaking down gender into the different social, biological, and cultural constructions. These constructions focus on how femininity and masculinity are fluid entities and how their meaning is able to fluctuate depending on the various constraints surrounding them.", "Q127417": "General of the Army Douglas MacArthur (26 January 1880 \u2013 5 April 1964) was an American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines Campaign, which made him and his father Arthur MacArthur Jr. the first father and son to be awarded the medal. He was one of only five to rise to the rank of General of the Army in the US Army, and the only one conferred the rank of field marshal in the Philippine Army.\nRaised in a military family in the American Old West, MacArthur was valedictorian at the West Texas Military Academy where he finished high school, and First Captain at the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated top of the class of 1903. During the 1914 United States occupation of Veracruz, he conducted a reconnaissance mission, for which he was nominated for the Medal of Honor. In 1917, he was promoted from major to colonel and became chief of staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division. In the fighting on the Western Front during World War I, he rose to the rank of brigadier general, was again nominated for a Medal of Honor, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross twice and the Silver Star seven times.\nFrom 1919 to 1922, MacArthur served as Superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, where he attempted a series of reforms. His next assignment was in the Philippines, where in 1924 he was instrumental in quelling the Philippine Scout Mutiny. In 1925, he became the Army's youngest major general. He served on the court-martial of Brigadier General Billy Mitchell and was president of the American Olympic Committee during the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. In 1930, he became Chief of Staff of the United States Army. As such, he was involved in the expulsion of the Bonus Army protesters from Washington, D.C. in 1932, and the establishment and organization of the Civilian Conservation Corps. He retired from the US Army in 1937 to become Military Advisor to the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines.\nMacArthur was recalled to active duty in 1941 as commander of United States Army Forces in the Far East. A series of disasters followed, starting with the destruction of his air forces on 8 December 1941 and the Japanese invasion of the Philippines. MacArthur's forces were soon compelled to withdraw to Bataan, where they held out until May 1942. In March 1942, MacArthur, his family and his staff left nearby Corregidor Island in PT boats and escaped to Australia, where MacArthur became Supreme Commander, Southwest Pacific Area. Upon his arrival, MacArthur gave a speech in which he famously promised \"I shall return\" to the Philippines. After more than two years of fighting in the Pacific, he fulfilled that promise. For his defense of the Philippines, MacArthur was awarded the Medal of Honor. He officially accepted the Surrender of Japan on 2 September 1945 aboard the USS Missouri, which was anchored in Tokyo Bay, and he oversaw the occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1951. As the effective ruler of Japan, he oversaw sweeping economic, political and social changes. He led the United Nations Command in the Korean War with initial success; however, the controversial invasion of North Korea provoked Chinese intervention, and a series of major defeats. MacArthur was contentiously removed from command by President Harry S. Truman on 11 April 1951. He later became chairman of the board of Remington Rand.", "Q660275": "Dorneck District is one of the ten districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, situated to the north of the canton. Together with Thierstein District, it forms the Amtei (electoral district) of Dorneck-Thierstein. It has a population of 20,521 (as of 31 December 2018). Five of the district's eleven municipalities are exclaves, either within the canton of Basel-Country or bordering France.", "Q90455": "Friedbert Pfl\u00fcger (born 6 March 1955) is a former German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He was Secretary of State in the Federal Ministry of Defence (2005\u20132006), and the CDU's candidate for Governing Mayor of Berlin in the 2006 Berlin state election. He was a member of the Berlin House of Representatives (2006\u20132011) and a member of the executive board of the CDU (2000-2010). Today, he is a businessman and Visiting Professor of International Relations and Director of the European Centre for Energy and Resource Security (EUCERS) at King's College London.", "Q2010288": "Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt (January 14, 1880 \u2013 September 4, 1925) was an American millionaire, equestrian and gambler. He was the father of fashion designer Gloria Vanderbilt. He was the founder and president of many equestrian organizations.", "Q254327": "Anorexia is a decreased appetite. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with anorexia nervosa, many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition or pose a significant risk. \nAnorexia is a symptom, not a diagnosis. When a healthcare provider states that a patient has anorexia, they are simply referring to a decreased appetite. This means that the provider must find and treat the underlying cause of the anorexia. Anorexia is not to be confused with the mental health diagnosis, anorexia nervosa. Because the terms are commonly used interchangeably, a provider must clarify to a patient to which they are referring as to avoid confusion. Anyone can manifest with anorexia regardless of their gender, age, or weight.\nThe term is from Ancient Greek \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03b1: '\u1f00\u03bd-' \"without\" + '\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c2', spelled '\u00f3rexis' meaning \"appetite\".", "Q160984": "Princess Jos\u00e9phine Charlotte of Belgium (Jos\u00e9phine Charlotte St\u00e9phanie Ingeborg Elisabeth Marie-Jos\u00e9 Marguerite Astrid; 11 October 1927 \u2013 10 January 2005) was Grand Duchess consort of Luxembourg as the wife of Grand Duke Jean. She was a first cousin of Harald V of Norway. She was the first child of King Leopold III of Belgium, and sister of the late King Baudouin I and former King Albert II and aunt of King Philippe I.", "Q177220": "Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist (in jazz and popular music). Singers perform music (arias, recitatives, songs, etc.) that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists. Singers may perform as soloists or accompanied by anything from a single instrument (as in art song or some jazz styles) up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Different singing styles include art music such as opera and Chinese opera, Indian music and religious music styles such as gospel, traditional music styles, world music, jazz, blues, ghazal and popular music styles such as pop, rock, electronic dance music and filmi (Indian film songs).\nSinging can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised. It may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort or ritual, as part of music education or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction and regular practice. If practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific musical genre, such as classical or rock, although there are singers with crossover success (singing in more than one genre). Professional singers usually take voice training provided by voice teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers.", "Q310217": "David Edward Leslie Hemmings (18 November 1941 \u2013 3 December 2003) was an English actor, director, and producer of film, television, and theatre. He co-founded the Hemdale Film Corporation in 1967.\nConsidered an icon of the \"Groovy London\" pop cultural movement, Hemmings is best remembered for his roles in British films and television programmes of the 1960s and 70s, particularly the 1966 mystery film Blowup, directed by Michelangelo Antonioni. Early in his career, Hemmings was a boy soprano appearing in operatic roles.", "Q99317": "B\u00e4rbel Dieckmann (n\u00e9e Pritz, born 26 March 1949) is a German politician who was elected mayor of Bonn in 1994 and was in office until 2009. She is the first woman and Social Democrat to become mayor of Bonn.", "Q607588": "Liu Cixin (simplified Chinese: \u5218\u6148\u6b23; traditional Chinese: \u5289\u6148\u6b23; pinyin: Li\u00fa C\u00edx\u012bn; born 23 June 1963) is a Chinese science fiction writer. He is a nine-time winner of the Galaxy Award (China's most prestigious literary science fiction award), winner of the 2015 Hugo Award (for The Three-Body Problem) and the 2017 Locus Award (for Death's End) as well as a nominee for the Nebula Award. In English translations of his works, his name is given in the form Cixin Liu.", "Q310571": "Valeri Georgievich Karpin (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0438\u043d; born 2 February 1969) is a Russian football manager of FC Rostov and a former midfielder, primarily a right midfielder.", "Q382013": "Gregory Bruce Jarvis (August 24, 1944 \u2013 January 28, 1986) was an American engineer who died during the destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger on mission STS-51-L, where he was serving as payload specialist for Hughes Aircraft.", "Q203519": "Boris Vasilyevich Barnet (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442; 18 June 1902 \u2013 8 January 1965) was a Soviet film director, actor and screenwriter of British origin. He directed 27 films between 1927 and 1963.", "Q4723783": "Alfredo Fortabat (1894 \u2013 January 19, 1976) was a prominent Argentine industrialist.", "Q86551": "Erika Pluhar is an actress, singer and author from Austria and was born on 28 February 1939 in Vienna.\nErika Pluhar is the daughter of Anna and Dr Josef Pluhar. One of her sisters, Ingeborg G. Pluhar, is a painter and sculptor.\nAfter finishing school in 1957, Erika Pluhar studied at the Max Reinhardt Seminar, the Viennese academy for music and the performing arts where she graduated with distinction in 1959. She immediately went into acting at the Burgtheater, the imperial court theatre, where she was a member of the acting troupe from 1959 until 1999.\nAt the beginning of the 1970s Erika Pluhar embarked on a singing career. She has been writing books since her childhood; her first book was published in 1981.\nErika Pluhar has been married twice (with Udo Proksch, businessman and convict of the murder of six people, and Andr\u00e9 Heller, poet and all-rounder artist) and has had a daughter, Anna (1961\u20131999).\n\n", "Q554168": "Nathaniel Thomas Wilson (born July 20, 1968), better known by his stage name Kool G Rap (or simply G Rap), is an American rapper from Queens. He began his career in the mid-1980s as one half of the group Kool G Rap & DJ Polo and as a member of the Juice Crew. He is often cited as one of the most influential and skilled MCs of all time, and a pioneer of mafioso rap/street/hardcore content and multisyllabic rhyming. On his album The Giancana Story, he stated that the \"G\" in his name stands for \"Giancana\" (after the mobster Sam Giancana), but on other occasions he has stated that it stands for \"Genius\".He has also been cited as a major influence to some of hip-hop's most critically acclaimed figures such as The Notorious B.I.G.,\nNas, Eminem and Jay-Z, as well as many underground rappers.", "Q254441": "Yang Lei (simplified Chinese: \u9633\u857e; traditional Chinese: \u967d\u857e; pinyin: Y\u00e1ng L\u011bi; born October 12, 1984 in Chongqing), also known as Shinee Lee, is a Chinese pop singer and actress who achieved instant fame when she won the nationwide singing contest Super Girl in 2006.", "Q108392": "Bernhard Quandt (14 April 1903 in Rostock; \u2013 6 August 1999 in Schwerin) was a German politician (SPD, KPD, SED).\nHe was Minister-President of Mecklenburg (GDR in 1951/52 and the First Secretary of the SED in Schwerin until 1952.\nHe was a member of the SPD from 1920 to 1923 and after that of the KPD. Later he was a member of the Staatsrat of the GDR and the Central Committee of the SED.", "Q65812": "Br\u00fctten is a municipality in the district of Winterthur, in the Canton of Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland.", "Q525949": "Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau (20 July 1700, Paris \u2013 13 August 1782, Paris), was a French physician, naval engineer and botanist.\n\n", "Q545065": "Isaac Peral y Caballero (Cartagena, 1 June 1851 \u2013 22 May 1895, Berlin), was a Spanish engineer, naval officer and designer of the Peral Submarine. He joined the Spanish navy in 1866, and developed the first electric-powered submarine which was launched in 1888, but it was not accepted by the naval authorities. He then left the navy to develop other inventions commercially.", "Q1411157": "Fiddlin' Arthur Smith (April 10, 1898 \u2013 February 28, 1971) was an American old time fiddler and a major influence on the old time and bluegrass music genres.", "Q84346": "Adolf Wagner (1 October 1890 in Algrange, Alsace-Lorraine \u2013 12 April 1944 in Bad Reichenhall) was a German soldier and high-ranking Nazi Party official born in Algrange, Alsace-Lorraine.\n\n", "Q237864": "Vera June Miles (n\u00e9e Ralston, born August 23, 1929) is a retired American actress who worked closely with Alfred Hitchcock, most notably as Lila Crane in the classic 1960 film Psycho, reprising the role in the 1983 sequel Psycho II. Other films in which she appeared include Tarzan's Hidden Jungle (1955), The Searchers (1956), Alfred Hitchcock's The Wrong Man (1956), A Touch of Larceny (1959), The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962), Follow Me, Boys! (1966), Sergeant Ryker (1968) and Molly and Lawless John (1972).\n\n", "Q21088": "Anton Zaslavski (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0417\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; born 2 September 1989), known professionally as Zedd (), is a Russian-German DJ, record producer and songwriter. He primarily produces and performs electro house music, but has diversified his genre and musical style, drawing influences from progressive house, dubstep, and classical music.\nZedd grew up and began his music career in Kaiserslautern, Germany. His stage name, Zedd, was derived from zed, the Non-American English name for the letter Z, the first letter of his surname. In 2012, he released \"Clarity\" (featuring Foxes), which propelled him to mainstream success, reaching the 8th position on the Billboard Hot 100 and earning him a Grammy for Best Dance Recording at the 56th Grammy Awards. Later in 2012, he released his debut studio album Clarity, with hit single \"Stay the Night\" (featuring Hayley Williams) appearing on the 2013 deluxe edition of the album.\nIn 2015, his second studio album True Colors was released, supported by its lead single \"I Want You to Know\" featuring Selena Gomez. Subsequent well-known songs include \"Stay\" with Alessia Cara, peaking at number 7, \"The Middle\" with Maren Morris and Grey, and, as a featured artist, \"Break Free\" with Ariana Grande, peaking at number 4 in the US.", "Q206461": "Excalibur is a 1981 American epic medieval fantasy film directed, produced, and co-written by John Boorman that retells the legend of King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table, based on the 15th-century Arthurian romance Le Morte d'Arthur by Thomas Malory. It stars Nigel Terry as Arthur, Nicol Williamson as Merlin, Nicholas Clay as Lancelot, Cherie Lunghi as Guenevere, Helen Mirren as Morgana, Liam Neeson as Gawain, Gabriel Byrne as Uther Pendragon, Corin Redgrave as Cornwall, and Patrick Stewart as Leondegrance. The film is named after the legendary sword of King Arthur that features prominently in Arthurian literature. The film's soundtrack features the music of Richard Wagner and Carl Orff, along with an original score by Trevor Jones.\nExcalibur was shot entirely on location in Ireland, employing Irish actors and crew. It has been acknowledged for its importance to the Irish filmmaking industry and for helping launch the film and acting careers of a number of British and Irish actors, including Liam Neeson, Patrick Stewart, Gabriel Byrne and Ciar\u00e1n Hinds.Film critics Roger Ebert and Vincent Canby criticized the film's plot and characters, although they and other reviewers praised its visual style. Excalibur opened at number one in the United States, eventually grossing $34,967,437 on a budget of around US$11 million to rank 18th in that year's receipts.", "Q302175": "Aaron C. Jeffery is a Logie Award-winning New Zealand-Australian actor. He is best known for his roles as Terry Watson in Water Rats, as Alex Ryan in McLeod's Daughters, and as Matt \"Fletch\" Fletcher in Wentworth.", "Q256256": "Anabell Gardoqui \"Ana\" de la Reguera (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8ana \u00f0e la re\u02c8\u0263e\u027ea]; born April 8, 1977) is a Mexican actress who has starred in telenovelas, films, the HBO television series Eastbound & Down and Capadocia, and the Amazon television series Goliath.\n\n", "Q433859": "Layne Collette Beachley (born 24 May 1972) is a former professional surfer from Manly, New South Wales. She won the World Championship seven times. Currently she is the chair of Surfing Australia (SA) www.surfingaustralia.com", "Q276186": "Aki Olavi Kaurism\u00e4ki (Finnish: [\u02c8\u0251ki \u02c8k\u0251urism\u00e6ki] (listen); born 4 April 1957) is a Finnish screenwriter and film director. He is best known for the award-winning Drifting Clouds (1996), The Man Without a Past (2002), Le Havre (2011) and The Other Side of Hope (2017), as well as for the mockumentary Leningrad Cowboys Go America (1989). He is described as Finland's best-known film director.", "Q239849": "Diana Dors (born Diana Mary Fluck; 23 October 1931 \u2013 4 May 1984) was an English film actress and singer. She first came to public notice as a blonde bombshell in the style of American Marilyn Monroe, as promoted by her first husband, Dennis Hamilton, mostly via sex film-comedies and risqu\u00e9 modelling. After it turned out that Hamilton had been defrauding her, she continued to play up to her established image, and she made tabloid headlines with the parties reportedly held at her house. Later, she showed a genuine talent as a performer on TV, in recordings, and in cabaret, and gained new popularity as a regular chat-show guest. She also gave some well-regarded performances in worthwhile films at different points in her career.\nAccording to David Thomson, \"Dors represented that period between the end of the war and the coming of Lady Chatterley in paperback, a time when sexuality was naughty, repressed and fit to burst.\"", "Q313078": "Cl\u00e9ment Ader (2 April 1841 \u2013 3 May 1925) was a French inventor and engineer who was born in Muret, Haute-Garonne (a distant suburb of Toulouse), and died in Toulouse. He is remembered primarily for his pioneering work in aviation.", "Q362681": "Conrad Janis (born February 11, 1928) is an American jazz trombonist and actor. Janis is best known for playing Mindy McConnell's father Frederick on Mork & Mindy.", "Q56200": "Steve Coast (born 20 December 1980) is a British entrepreneur and the founder of the OpenStreetMap community-based world mapping project and CloudMade, a geography-related company.\n\n", "Q438924": "Roberto Jorge Payr\u00f3 (Mercedes, April 19, 1867\u2013Lomas de Zamora, April 8, 1928) was an Argentine writer and journalist.\nPayr\u00f3 founded the newspaper La Tribuna in the city of Bah\u00eda Blanca, where he published his first newspaper articles. He then moved to the city of Buenos Aires where he worked as an editor at the newspaper La Naci\u00f3n. During this time he had the opportunity of frequently traveling both inside and outside of Argentina.\nIn 1895, he published a compilation of his articles in the book Los italianos en la Argentina (The Italians in Argentina). His diaries of travel and impressions gave rise to his novels: La Australia Argentina (Excursi\u00f3n period\u00edstica a las costas patag\u00f3nicas) (Southern Argentina \u2013 a Journalist\u2019s Excursion to the Shores of Patagonia); Tierra del Fuego e Islas de los Estados (The Land of Fire and Islands of the States); and En las tierras del Inti (In the Lands of the Inti). He also wrote for Caras y Caretas, the literary Journal of Fray mocho.\nPayr\u00f3 was a correspondent in Europe during the First World War. \nHe participated fervently in meetings with other socialist writers including Leopoldo Lugones, Jos\u00e9 Ingenieros and Ernesto de la C\u00e1rcova.\nPayr\u00f3 was also the grandparent of Brayan and Maria.\nIn Payr\u00f3's novels one can appreciate the unique ironic language style of the period. He utilized typical people and related common situations, showing the lives of the Italian immigrants ('the feisty creoles'). In his Divertidas aventuras del nieto de Juan Moreira (Amusing Adventures of the Grandson of Juan Moreira) he tells the story of a provincial and his political career.\nHe also wrote historical novels such as El falso Inca, una serie de cuentos publicados bajo el nombre de Pago Chico (The False Inca, a series of accounts published under the name of Pago Chico). A posthumous work, Nuevos cuentos de Pago Chico (New Tales of Pago Chico), was published the year following his death.", "Q99459": "Wilhelm Rudolf Ferdinand B\u00fcnger was a German politician who served as the Minister-President of Saxony from 1929 to 1930.\n\n", "Q86579": "Karl or Philipp Carl Sprengel (March 29, 1787 \u2013 April 19, 1859) was a German botanist from Schillerslage (now part of Burgdorf, Hanover).\nSprengel worked under Albrecht Thaer (1752\u20131828) in Celle. He then worked from 1804 to 1808 with Heinrich Einhof (1778\u20131808) in M\u00f6glin on agricultural studies. He travelled the world between 1810 and 1820, exploring agricultural ideas in Asia, Americas and Mesopotamia. Between 1821-1828 he studied natural sciences in G\u00f6ttingen, where he eventually became professor.\nIn the early 1830s he moved to Regenwalde (Resko), where he accepted position of the Chairman of the Pomorskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne (Pomeranian Economic Society), which he held for the rest of his life. Having his financial needs satisfied, finally he could fulfil his dream and establish Regenwalde Akademie der Landwirtschaft (Academy of Agriculture in Resko), where he taught, studied and lived until his death in 1859.\nInfluenced by (one of the students at Regenwalde Akademie der Landwirtschaft) Felicjan Sypniewski theories, Sprengel was the first to formulate the \"theory of minimum\" in agricultural chemistry, meaning that plant growth is limited by the essential nutrient at the lowest concentration. This rule, often incorrectly attributed to Justus von Liebig as Liebig's law of the minimum, was instead only popularised later as a scientific concept by Liebig.", "Q91005": "Bartholom\u00e4us Scultetus (born Barthel Schulze; 14 May 1540, G\u00f6rlitz \u2013 21 June 1614, G\u00f6rlitz) was a mayor of G\u00f6rlitz, astronomer, cartographer and compiler of biblical chronologies. He knew Tycho Brahe and was visited by Johannes Kepler. He conferred with Rabbi Loew, the famous Prague Kabbalist.", "Q1206658": "The University of Colorado (CU) is a system of public universities in Colorado consisting of four campuses: University of Colorado Boulder, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, University of Colorado Denver in downtown Denver and at the Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora. It is governed by the elected, nine-member Board of Regents of the University of Colorado.", "Q121728": "Karl Ballmer (23 February 1891 \u2013 7 September 1958) was a Swiss painter, anthroposophical philosopher, and writer.", "Q732269": "Ivan Babushkin (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d) (pseudonym Nikolay Nikolaevich) (January 3, 1873 \u2013 January 18, 1906) was a Russian professional Bolshevik revolutionary. \n\n", "Q223839": "Larry Claxton Flynt Jr. (; born November 1, 1942) is an American publisher and the president of Larry Flynt Publications (LFP). LFP mainly produces magazines, such as Hustler, and sexually graphic videos. Flynt has fought several high-profile legal battles involving the First Amendment, and has unsuccessfully run for public office. He is paralyzed from the waist down due to injuries sustained in a 1978 murder attempt by serial killer Joseph Paul Franklin. In 2003, Arena magazine listed him at No. 1 on the \"50 Powerful People in Porn\" list.", "Q97474": "Martin Fink (born 5 February 1950) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. Since 2008 he has been a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.", "Q525961": "William Charles \"Bill\" Littlejohn (January 27, 1914 \u2013 September 17, 2010) was an American animator and union organizer. Littlejohn worked on animated shorts and features in the 1930s through to the 1990s. His notable works include the Tom and Jerry shorts, Peanuts television specials, the Oscar-winning short, The Hole (1962), and the Oscar-nominated A Doonesbury Special (1977). He was inducted into the Cartoon Hall of Fame and received the Winsor McCay Award and garnered lifetime achievement awards from the Annie Awards and the UCLA Film and Television Archive. Director Michael Sporn has called Littlejohn \"an animation 'God'.\"Littlejohn co-founded and served as the first president of the Screen Cartoonists Guild Local #852 in 1938. He led the effort to gain recognition for the union at the major Hollywood animation studios. When Walt Disney refused to negotiate with the union and fired 16 pro-union artists, Littlejohn led the union in the 1941 Disney animators strike. The strike lasted nine weeks and resulted in Disney's recognition of the union, substantial salary increases, a 40-hour work week and screen credits. The Disney strike has been recognized as a watershed moment in the movement to unionize the animation industry.\nLittlejohn was an active advocate for the art of animation, becoming a co-founder of ASIFA-Hollywood in 1957 and of the International Tourn\u00e9e of Animation in the mid-1960s. He also served on the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Board of Governors representing short films and animation from 1988 to 2001.", "Q704903": "Vladimir Petrovich Vetchinkin (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d) (June 17(29), 1888 - March 6, 1950) was a Soviet scientist in the field of aerodynamics, aeronautics, and wind energy, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1927), Honored Science Worker of the RSFSR (1946).\nVladimir Petrovich was born in Kutno (then in the Russian division of Poland), the son of a military officer. Vetchinkin graduated from Moscow Higher Technical School (MVTU) in 1915, the favorite student of Nikolai Zhukovsky and generally viewed as his successor. In 1913, they had created a vortex-sheet theory of aircraft propellers. In 1916, Vetchinkin and Zhukovsky created the aviation calculation and test bureau in the wind-tunnel laboratory of the Moscow Higher Technical school, and in 1918 he helped found the Zhukovsky Central Institute of Aerodynamics (TsAGI). He became a professor at the Zhukovsky Air Force Academy in 1923.\nIn 1914, Vetchinkin began working with Anatoly Georgievich Ufimtsev on high performance windmills for electric power generation. Zhukovsky created a new division of wind motors in TsAGI to support this effort. They built an 8 kilowatt experimental wind generator in Kursk in 1929. To store energy during lulls in the wind, it used a 360 kilogram flywheel contained in a vacuum chamber.From 1921-1925, Vetchinkin lectured on the theory of rockets and space travel, and was the first to present a correct theory of interplanetary flight based on elliptical transfer orbits (an idea usually attributed to Walter Hohmann). He was a member of the Society for Studies of Interplanetary Travel. From 1925-1927, he worked on problems of cruise missiles and jet aircraft, and he took part in the activity of RNII (Scientific Research Institute of Jet Propulsion). Vetchinkin was a key supporter of rocketry pioneer Yuri Kondratyuk, and helped him get his work published.\nHe died in Moscow in 1950.\nThe lunar crater Vetchinkin, on the far side of the moon, is named after him.", "Q159693": "Na\u010fa Konvalinkov\u00e1 (Nad\u011b\u017eda Konvalinkov\u00e1; born 18 April 1951 in Prague, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech actress.After graduating from the Faculty of Theatre of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague, she worked in the J. K. Tyl Theatre, Plze\u0148, later in the Prague City Theatre (cs:M\u011bstsk\u00e1 divadla pra\u017esk\u00e1).\nOf her numerous film roles, one of the best known one is that of a carnivorous plant from the 1977 black comedy Dinner for Adele.During 1980\u20132005 she was married to actor Old\u0159ich Kaiser, with whom she had daughter Karolina in 1983. (Karolina is a stage actress as well.)In her later years her struggle with weight attracted media attention, and in 2011 she was the host of the TV show Jste to, co j\u00edte (\"You are what You Eat\" (the Czech title is a pun, akin to \"it/eat\")). Before that for 7 years she was a co-host of the TV show about food, Pochoutky (\"Delicacies\").", "Q971013": "John Rhodes Cobb (2 December 1899 \u2013 29 September 1952) was an early to mid 20th Century English racing motorist. He was three times holder of the World Land Speed Record, in 1938, 1939 and 1947, set at Bonneville Speedway in Utah, US. He was awarded the Segrave Trophy in 1947. He was killed in 1952 whilst piloting a jet powered speedboat attempting to break the World Water Speed Record on Loch Ness water in Scotland.", "Q98747": "Wilhelm Kling (7 February 1902 \u2013 17 November 1973) was a Communist Party of Germany (KPD) functionary, and later an associate in the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in East Germany.\nKling was born in Bammental in the Grand Duchy of Baden. He completed his training as a salesman in 1916-1921, and was an employee in Dortmund until 1924. He worked for various building companies until 1928, was unemployed until 1929, and was the editor of the newspaper Berlin am Morgen between 1929 and 1933.\nFrom 1922 to 1924, Kling was a member of the Association for Defence against Anti-Semitism in Germany (Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus in Deutschland). As of 1923, he was active in various capacities for the KPD in the subdistrict (Unterbezirk) of Dortmund, and later in the subdistrict of Berlin.\nFrom March 1933, after Adolf Hitler and the Nazis had taken power, he was unlawfully engaged in the KPD's information service, which led to his arrest in July 1935. In October 1936, he was sentenced to six years in labour prison (Zuchthaus) in the Volksgerichtshof's last public proceedings. Until 1945, he was imprisoned in, among other places, Pl\u00f6tzensee Prison in Berlin, Brandenburg-G\u00f6rden and Bayreuth, as well as in Aschendorfer Moor, Sachsenhausen and Mauthausen concentration camps.\nIn 1945-1946, he joined the KPD-SED in Berlin and was a colleague in the SED Central Committee. As leader of the subdivision known as \"Functionaries in State and Commerce\", he was instrumental in the expropriation of business and war crimes enterprises. Between 1953 and 1961, he was the acting director of the German Economic Institute (Deutsches Wirtschaftsinstitut), and after that, until 1969, an associate of the Agitation Commission at the SED Central Committee's Politburo.\nKling received the Patriotic Order of Merit in 1965, and the Order of Karl Marx in 1967, both East German honours. He died in Berlin.", "Q488981": "The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is an international financial institution founded in 1991. As a multilateral developmental investment bank, the EBRD uses investment as a tool to build market economies. Initially focused on the countries of the former Eastern Bloc it expanded to support development in more than 30 countries from Central Europe to Central Asia. Similar to other multilateral development banks, the EBRD has members from all over the world (North America, Africa, Asia and Australia, see below), with the biggest shareholder being the United States, but only lends regionally in its countries of operations. Headquartered in London, the EBRD is owned by 69 countries and two EU institutions, the 69th being India since July 2018. Despite its public sector shareholders, it invests in private enterprises, together with commercial partners.\nThe EBRD is not to be confused with the European Investment Bank (EIB), which is owned by EU member states and is used to support EU policy. EBRD is also distinct from the Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB).", "Q104580": "Eduard Carl Fimmen (18 June 1881, Nieuwer-Amstel \u2013 14 December 1942, Cuernavaca), also known as Edo Fimmen, was a Dutch trade unionist.", "Q57136": "Johann Ludwig \"Lutz\" Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (Born Johann Ludwig von Krosigk; 22 August 1887 \u2013 4 March 1977) was a German senior government official who served as Minister of Finance of Germany from 1932 to 1945 and de facto Chancellor of Germany in May 1945.\nA non-partisan conservative, he was appointed to the post by Franz von Papen in 1932. At the request of President Paul von Hindenburg, he continued in that office under Kurt von Schleicher and Adolf Hitler. He and his ministry were involved in the persecution of German and European Jews, including by stealing their property, and laundering money. During May 1945, after the suicides of Hitler and his designated successor Joseph Goebbels, he also served as \"Leading Minister\" of the short-lived Flensburg government of President Karl D\u00f6nitz. Schwerin von Krosigk also held the essentially nominal offices of Foreign Minister and Finance Minister in the provisional government that controlled only a small, progressively shrinking portion of Germany, due to the rapid advance of the Allied forces who finally dissolved it and arrested its members.\nBesides Adolf Hitler himself, Schwerin von Krosigk and Wilhelm Frick were the only members of the Third Reich's cabinet to serve continuously from Hitler's appointment as Chancellor until his death. By receiving the golden National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) Badge from Adolf Hitler, given for honour on 30 January 1937, he automatically became a member of the NSDAP (membership number: 3,805,231). He also joined the Academy of German Law in 1937.\nAt the 1949 Ministries Trial, he was convicted of war crimes and sentenced to 10 years in prison; his sentence was commuted in 1951. He later worked as an author and publicist.", "Q343667": "Dragons Forever (Chinese: \u98db\u9f8d\u731b\u5c07) is a 1988 Hong Kong action comedy film directed by Sammo Hung and Corey Yuen. It stars Sammo Hung, Jackie Chan and Yuen Biao, with Deannie Yip, Pauline Yeung, and Crystal Kwok. It is the last film that Hung, Chan and Biao all have appeared in together, as Chan focused on his solo film career.", "Q58205": "Youssouf Ou\u00e9draogo (25 December 1952 \u2013 18 November 2017) was a Burkinab\u00e9 politician. In 1992 he became the first Prime Minister of Burkina Faso since 1983, serving from 16 June 1992 to 22 March 1994. Ou\u00e9draogo, a member of the ruling Congress for Democracy and Progress (CDP), later served as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from January 1999 to June 2007.", "Q362871": "For the journalist, author, and politician, see Bill Keith.William Bradford \"Bill\" Keith (December 20, 1939 \u2013 October 23, 2015) was a five-string banjoist who made a significant contribution to the stylistic development of the instrument. In the 1960s he introduced a variation on the popular \"Scruggs style\" of banjo playing (an integral element of bluegrass music) which would soon become known as melodic style, or \"Keith style\".", "Q50659": "Louis Leroy (1812\u20131885) was a French 19th-century printmaker, painter, and successful playwright.", "Q271819": "Barbara Campanini, known as La Barbarina, (7 June 1721 - 7 June 1799) was a famous Italian ballerina, one of the most important ballet dancers of the 18th century.", "Q71697": "Carl-Eduard Otto Wolfgang Jayme Anders von Bismarck-Sch\u00f6nhausen (born 16 February 1961 in Zurich), often known as \"Calle\" von Bismarck, is a German politician (CDU). He served as a member of the Bundestag from 2005 to 2007. A member of the princely House of Bismarck, he succeeded his father as the 5th Prince of Bismarck in 2019.", "Q520819": "Alexander Crichlow Barker Jr. (May 8, 1919 \u2013 May 11, 1973) was an American actor best known for playing Tarzan of the Apes and leading characters from Karl May's novels.", "Q51547": "Billy Wilder (; German: [\u02c8v\u026ald\u0250]; born Samuel Wilder, June 22, 1906 \u2013 March 27, 2002) was an Austrian-born American film director and screenwriter whose career spanned more than five decades. He is regarded as one of the most brilliant and versatile filmmakers of the Hollywood Golden Age of cinema. With The Apartment, Wilder became the first person to win Academy Awards as producer, director, and screenwriter for the same film.Wilder became a screenwriter in the late 1920s while living in Berlin. After the rise of the Nazi Party, he left for Paris, where he made his directorial debut. He moved to Hollywood in 1933, and in 1939 he had a hit when he co-wrote the screenplay for the romantic comedy Ninotchka, starring Greta Garbo. Wilder established his directorial reputation with an adaption of James M. Cain's Double Indemnity (1944), a film noir. Wilder co-wrote the screenplay with crime novelist Raymond Chandler. Wilder earned the Best Director and Best Screenplay Academy Awards for the adaptation of a Charles R. Jackson story, The Lost Weekend (1945), about alcoholism. In 1950, Wilder co-wrote and directed the critically acclaimed Sunset Boulevard, as well as Stalag 17 in 1953.\nFrom the mid-1950s on, Wilder made mostly comedies. Among the classics Wilder created in this period are the farces The Seven Year Itch (1955) and Some Like It Hot (1959), and satires such as The Apartment (1960). He directed fourteen different actors in Oscar-nominated performances. Wilder was recognized with the American Film Institute (AFI) Life Achievement Award in 1986. In 1988, Wilder was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award. In 1993, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.", "Q41754": "Ghost Rider is a 2007 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. The film was written and directed by Mark Steven Johnson, and stars Nicolas Cage as Johnny Blaze / Ghost Rider, with Eva Mendes, Wes Bentley, Sam Elliott, Donal Logue, Matt Long, and Peter Fonda in supporting roles.\nGhost Rider was released on February 16, 2007 in the United States. The film was met with negative reviews from critics, but was a box office success, earning $228.7 million worldwide on a $110 million budget. Ghost Rider was released on DVD, Blu-ray and UMD on June 12, 2007. A sequel, titled Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance, was released on February 17, 2012, with Cage reprising his role.", "Q180680": "Fiona Pitt-Kethley (born 21 November 1954) is a British poet, novelist, travel writer and journalist, who is the author of more than 20 books of both poetry and prose. She lived for many years in Hastings, East Sussex, and moved to Spain in 2002 with her husband James Plaskett and their son, Alexander.\nHer collection of poetry Sky Ray Lolly was published in 1986.\nPitt-Kethley has also worked as a freelance journalist and has written for The Daily Telegraph, The Independent, The Guardian, The Times, The Big Issue and others.", "Q39837": "Ibn Rushd (Arabic: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f\u200e; full name in Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f\u200e, romanized: Ab\u016b l-Wal\u012bd Mu\u1e25ammad Ibn \u02beA\u1e25mad Ibn Ru\u0161d; 14 April 1126 \u2013 11 December 1198), often Latinized as Averroes (English pronunciation: ), was a \nMuslim Andalusian polymath and jurist who wrote about many subjects, including philosophy, theology, medicine, astronomy, physics, psychology, mathematics, Islamic jurisprudence and law, and linguistics. The author of more than 100 books and treatises, his philosophical works include numerous commentaries on Aristotle, for which he was known in the West as The Commentator. He also served as a judge and a court physician for the Almohad Caliphate.\nHe was born in C\u00f3rdoba in 1126 to a family of prominent judges\u2014his grandfather was the chief judge of the city. In 1169 he was introduced to the caliph Abu Yaqub Yusuf, who was impressed with his knowledge, became his patron and commissioned many of Averroes' commentaries. Averroes later served multiple terms as a judge in Seville and C\u00f3rdoba. In 1182, he was appointed as court physician and the chief judge of C\u00f3rdoba. After Abu Yusuf's death in 1184, he remained in royal favor until he fell into disgrace in 1195. He was targeted on various charges\u2014likely for political reasons\u2014and was exiled to nearby Lucena. He returned to royal favor shortly before his death on 11 December 1198.\nAverroes was a strong proponent of Aristotelianism; he attempted to restore what he considered the original teachings of Aristotle and opposed the Neoplatonist tendencies of earlier Muslim thinkers, such as Al-Farabi and Avicenna. He also defended the pursuit of philosophy against criticism by Ashari theologians such as Al-Ghazali. Averroes argued that philosophy was permissible in Islam and even compulsory among certain elites. He also argued scriptural text should be interpreted allegorically if it appeared to contradict conclusions reached by reason and philosophy. In Islamic jurisprudence, he wrote the Bid\u0101yat al-Mujtahid on the differences between Islamic schools of law and the principles that caused their differences. In medicine, he proposed a new theory of stroke, described the signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease for the first time, and might have been the first to identify the retina as the part of the eye responsible for sensing light. His medical book Al-Kulliyat fi al-Tibb, translated into Latin and known as the Colliget, became a textbook in Europe for centuries.\nHis legacy in the Islamic world was modest for geographical and intellectual reasons. In the West, Averroes was known for his extensive commentaries on Aristotle, many of which were translated into Latin and Hebrew. The translations of his work reawakened Western European interest in Aristotle and Greek thinkers, an area of study that had been widely abandoned after the fall of the Roman Empire. His thoughts generated controversies in Latin Christendom and triggered a philosophical movement called Averroism based on his writings. His unity of the intellect thesis, proposing that all humans share the same intellect, became one of the most well-known and controversial Averroist doctrines in the West. His works were condemned by the Catholic Church in 1270 and 1277. Although weakened by the condemnations and sustained critique by Thomas Aquinas, Latin Averroism continued to attract followers up to the sixteenth century.", "Q191955": "Zero Tolerance (Swedish: Noll tolerans) is a Swedish action film which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 29 October 1999, directed by Anders Nilsson. It is the first film in the series about police officer Johan Falk (Jakob Eklund) and is followed by Executive Protection in 2001 and The Third Wave and 2003.", "Q434878": "Thea Louise Gill (; born April 5, 1970) is a Canadian actress best known for her starring role as Lindsay Peterson in the Showtime television series Queer as Folk.", "Q1062400": "A chanson (US: , UK: ; French: [\u0283\u0251\u0303s\u0254\u0303], \"song\", from Latin cantio, gen. cantionis) is in general any lyric-driven French song, usually polyphonic and secular. A singer specializing in chansons is known as a \"chanteur\" (male) or \"chanteuse\" (female); a collection of chansons, especially from the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, is also known as a chansonnier.", "Q38297": "Back to Stay (Spanish: Abrir puertas y ventanas) is a 2011 Argentine-Swiss comedy-drama film, written and directed by Milagros Mumenthaler and is her first full-length feature film. The film won the Golden Leopard at the 2011 Locarno International Film Festival and the Golden Astor at the Mar del Plata International Film Festival.", "Q85716": "Johann Matthias Schr\u00f6ckh (July 26, 1733 \u2013 August 1, 1808) was an Austrian-German historian and literary scholar born in Vienna. He was a grandson to Pietist preacher Matthias Bel (1684-1749).\nIn 1751 he began his studies at the University of G\u00f6ttingen, where he had as instructors, church historian Johann Lorenz von Mosheim (1693-1755) and Orientalist Johann David Michaelis (1717-1791). He continued his education at the University of Leipzig, earning his master's degree in 1755. During the following year he received his habilitation, and in 1762 became an associate professor of philosophy. Later he relocated to the University of Wittenberg, where in 1775 he was appointed professor of history.\nKnown for his prodigious literary output, Schr\u00f6ckh was the author of acclaimed works involving universal history, church history, history books for children, biographical studies, et al. His main work involved the 35-volume Christliche Kirchengeschichte (Christian Church History, 1768-1803) and its sequel Christliche Kirchengeschichte seit der Reformation (Christian Church History since the Reformation 1804-1812, 10 volumes), with the last two volumes being prepared by Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner (1778-1828).", "Q464097": "Lhasa de Sela (1972 \u2013 January 1, 2010), also known by the mononym Lhasa, was an American-born singer-songwriter who was raised in Mexico and the United States, and divided her adult life between Canada and France. Her first album, La Llorona, went platinum in Canada and brought Lhasa a F\u00e9lix Award and a Juno Award.\nFollowing this success, Lhasa toured with Lilith Fair, then joined her sisters in a French circus troupe, contributing her husky voice to the musical backdrop. She lived in Marseille and began to write more songs, then moved back to Montreal and produced a second album, The Living Road. Once again, she toured in support of her album, and she collaborated with other musicians on their projects. During this time, BBC Radio 3 honored her as the best world music artist of the Americas in 2005. She published a book about her impressions of life on the road.\nLhasa recorded a third album, titled Lhasa, but she was diagnosed with cancer in 2009 around the time it was released. She endured severe treatments but these did not halt the illness. She died on New Year's Day 2010. A memorial program of her music was put together in January 2012, performed in Montreal by artists who had worked with her.", "Q463920": "Conrad Baden (31 August 1908 - 11 June 1989) was a Norwegian organist, composer, music educator, and music critic.", "Q390359": "Samsara is a 2001 independent Indian/Italian/French/German film which tells the story of a Buddhist monk's quest to find Enlightenment. The film stars Shawn Ku as the monk Tashi, and Christy Chung as Pema. It was directed by Pan Nalin and written by Pan and Tim Baker.", "Q187851": "The recorder is a family of woodwind musical instruments in the group known as internal duct flutes\u2014flutes with a whistle mouthpiece, also known as fipple flutes. A recorder can be distinguished from other duct flutes by the presence of a thumb-hole for the upper hand and seven finger-holes: three for the upper hand and four for the lower. It is the most prominent duct flute in the western classical tradition.Recorders are made in different sizes with names and compasses roughly corresponding to different vocal ranges. The sizes most commonly in use today are the soprano (aka \"descant\", lowest note C5), alto (aka \"treble\", lowest note F4), tenor (lowest note C4) and bass (lowest note F3). Recorders are traditionally constructed from wood and ivory, while most recorders made in recent years are constructed from molded plastic. The recorders' internal and external proportions vary, but the bore is generally reverse conical (i.e. tapering towards the foot) to cylindrical, and all recorder fingering systems make extensive use of forked fingerings.\nThe recorder is first documented in Europe in the Middle Ages, and continued to enjoy wide popularity in the Renaissance and Baroque periods, but was little used in the Classical and Romantic periods. It was revived in the 20th century as part of the historically informed performance movement, and became a popular amateur and educational instrument. Composers who have written for the recorder include Monteverdi, Lully, Purcell, Handel, Vivaldi, Telemann, Johann Sebastian Bach, Paul Hindemith, Benjamin Britten, Leonard Bernstein, Luciano Berio, and Arvo P\u00e4rt. Today, there are many professional recorder players who demonstrate the instrument's full solo range and a large community of amateurs.The sound of the recorder is often described as clear and sweet, and has historically been associated with birds and shepherds. It is notable for its quick response and its corresponding ability to produce a wide variety of articulations. This ability, coupled with its open finger holes, allow it to produce a wide variety of tone colors and special effects. Acoustically, its tone is relatively pure and, when the edge is positioned in the center of the\nairjet, odd harmonics predominate in its sound (when the edge is decidedly off-center, an even distribution of harmonics occurs).", "Q83367": "The Hebrew Bible, which is also called the Tanakh (; \u05ea\u05b8\u05bc\u05e0\u05b8\u05f4\u05da\u05b0, pronounced [ta\u02c8na\u03c7] or the [t\u0259\u02c8nax]; also Tenakh, Tenak, Tanach), or sometimes the Mikra, is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, including the Torah. These texts are almost exclusively in Biblical Hebrew, with a few passages in Biblical Aramaic instead (in the books of Daniel and Ezra, the verse Jeremiah 10:11, and some single words). The Hebrew Bible is also the textual source for the Christian Old Testament. The form of this text that is authoritative for Rabbinic Judaism is known as the Masoretic Text (MT) and it consists of 24 books, while the translations divide essentially the same material into 39 books for the Protestant Bible. \nModern scholars seeking to understand the history of the Hebrew Bible use a range of sources, in addition to the Masoretic Text. These sources include early Greek (Septuagint) and Syriac (Peshitta) translations, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls and quotations from rabbinic manuscripts. Many of these sources may be older than the Masoretic Text and often differ from it. These differences have given rise to the theory that yet another text, an Urtext of the Hebrew Bible, once existed and is the source of the versions extant today. However, such an Urtext has never been found, and which of the three commonly known versions (Septuagint, Masoretic Text, Samaritan Pentateuch) is closest to the Urtext is not fully determined.", "Q3233924": "CBS Records is a record label founded by CBS Corporation in 2006 to take advantage of music from its entertainment properties owned by CBS Television Studios. The initial label roster consisted of only three artists: rock band Se\u00f1or Happy and singer/songwriters Will Dailey and P.J. Olsson.The label relies primarily on digital distribution such as iTunes and on direct sales from its own website. However, it has signed a deal to distribute compact discs through RED Distribution, a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment which CBS Inc. formerly owned. CBS Records is headquartered at CBS Television City in Los Angeles.The \"CBS Records\" name was also used in the 1960s to release Columbia Records products outside the US and Canada. This was necessary because EMI owned another record label called Columbia, which operated in every market except North America, Spain and Japan. CBS sold the record company in 1988 to Sony. In 1991, the CBS label was officially renamed Columbia Records and the company was renamed Sony Music Entertainment.", "Q97312": "Wolfgang J\u00fcttner (born 21 March 1948 in L\u00fcdersfeld) is a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He was his party's candidate for position of chief of state of Lower Saxony in 2008. After his election defeat, he became chair of the parliamentary group of the SPD in the parliament of Lower Saxony until 2010. He left the parliament 2013.", "Q98021": "Otto Frommknecht (1881 \u2013 1969) is a German politician. He was a representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria and from 1919 to 1933 was a member of the Bavarian People's Party.\nHe was a state minister for Verkehr.", "Q53436": "Boles\u0142aw I the Brave (Polish: Boles\u0142aw I Chrobry Polish , Czech: Boleslav Chrabr\u00fd; 967 \u2013 17 June 1025), less often known as Boles\u0142aw I the Great (Polish: Boles\u0142aw I Wielki), was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025. As Boleslav IV, he was also Duke of Bohemia between 1002 and 1003. He was the son of Mieszko I of Poland by his wife, Dobrawa of Bohemia. According to a scholarly theory, Boles\u0142aw ruled Lesser Poland already during the last years of his father's reign. Mieszko I, who died in 992, divided Poland among his sons, but Boles\u0142aw expelled his father's last wife, Oda of Haldensleben, and his half-brothers and reunited Poland between 992 and 995.\nHe supported the missionary goals of Adalbert, Bishop of Prague, and Bruno of Querfurt. The martyrdom of Adalbert in 997 and his imminent canonization were used to consolidate Poland's autonomy from the Holy Roman Empire. This perhaps happened most clearly during the Congress of Gniezno (11 March 1000), which resulted in the establishment of a Polish church structure with a Metropolitan See at Gniezno. This See was independent of the German Archbishopric of Magdeburg, which had tried to claim jurisdiction over the Polish church. Following the Congress of Gniezno, bishoprics were also established in Krak\u00f3w, Wroc\u0142aw, and Ko\u0142obrzeg, and Boles\u0142aw formally repudiated paying tribute to the Holy Roman Empire. Following the death of Holy Roman Emperor Otto III in 1002, Boles\u0142aw fought a series of wars against the Holy Roman Empire and Otto's cousin and heir, Henry II, ending in the Peace of Bautzen (1018). In the summer of 1018, in one of his expeditions, Boles\u0142aw I captured Kiev, where he installed his son-in-law Sviatopolk I as ruler. According to legend, Boles\u0142aw chipped his sword when striking Kiev's Golden Gate. Later, in honor of this legend, a sword called Szczerbiec (\"Jagged Sword\") would become the coronation sword of Poland's kings.\nBoles\u0142aw I was a remarkable politician, strategist, and statesman. He not only turned Poland into a country comparable to older western monarchies, but he raised it to the front rank of European states. Boles\u0142aw conducted successful military campaigns in the west, south and east. He consolidated Polish lands and conquered territories outside the borders of modern-day Poland, including Slovakia, Moravia, Red Ruthenia, Meissen, Lusatia, and Bohemia. He was a powerful mediator in Central European affairs. Finally, as the culmination of his reign, in 1025 he had himself crowned King of Poland. He was the first Polish ruler to receive the title of rex (Latin: \"king\").\nHe was an able administrator who established the \"Prince's Law\" and built many forts, churches, monasteries and bridges. He introduced the first Polish monetary unit, the grzywna, divided into 240 denarii, and minted his own coinage. Boles\u0142aw I is widely considered one of Poland's most capable and accomplished Piast rulers.", "Q62833": "Gustav Friedrich (after 1908: von) Schmoller (German: [\u02c8\u0283m\u0254l\u0250] (listen); 24 June 1838 \u2013 27 June 1917) was the leader of the \"younger\" German historical school of economics.\nHe was a leading Sozialpolitiker (more derisively, Kathedersozialist, \"Socialist of the Chair\"), and a founder and long-time chairman of the Verein f\u00fcr Sozialpolitik, the German Economic Association, which continues to exist.The appellation \"Kathedersozialist\" was given to Schmoller and other members of the Verein by their enemies. Schmoller disavowed the \"socialist\" label, instead tracing his thought to the heterodox liberalism represented by J\u00e9r\u00f4me-Adolphe Blanqui, Jean Charles L\u00e9onard de Sismondi, John Stuart Mill, Johann Heinrich von Th\u00fcnen, Bruno Hildebrand, Thomas Edward Cliffe Leslie, Lorenz von Stein, and \u00c9mile de Laveleye and radicals such as Frederic Harrison and Edward Spencer Beesly. His goal was to reconcile the Prussian monarchy and bureaucracy \"with the idea of the Liberal state and complemented by the best elements of parliamentarianism\" to carry out social reform.\n\n", "Q733611": "For the American football player see Floyd Dixon (American football)Floyd Dixon (February 8, 1929 \u2013 July 26, 2006) was an American rhythm-and-blues pianist and singer.", "Q351505": "Sacha Dhawan (; born 1 May 1984) is an English stage, screen and voice actor from Greater Manchester. He is best known for playing Akthar in the play The History Boys (2004\u20132006) and its film adaptation (2006), Paul Jatri in the BBC One comedy-drama Last Tango in Halifax (2012), Waris Hussein in the BBC Two docudrama film An Adventure in Space and Time (2013), Manish Prasad in the crime thriller Line of Duty (2014), Davos in Marvel's Iron Fist (2017\u201318) and the current incarnation of the Master in the BBC sci-fi series Doctor Who.", "Q3270809": "L\u00e9on Chagnaud (1866-1930) was a French businessman and politician.", "Q620679": "Sascha Ring (born 27 June 1978), better known by the stage name Apparat, is a German electronic musician. He was previously co-owner of Shitkatapult records. Starting out with dancefloor-oriented techno, he shifted focus towards ambient music, becoming \"more interested in designing sounds than beats\".\nHe collaborates with Modeselektor under the name Moderat.", "Q118817": "Joseph Wright (born 1972) is an English film director. His motion pictures include the literary adaptations Pride & Prejudice (2005) and Anna Karenina (2012), the romantic war drama Atonement (2007), the action thriller Hanna (2011), Peter Pan origin story Pan (2015), and Darkest Hour (2017), a political drama set during World War II.", "Q573299": "G\u00e1bor G\u00f6rgey (born as Art\u00far G\u00f6rgey on 22 November 1929) is a Hungarian writer, poet, director and politician, who served as Minister of Culture between 2002 and 2003. He is a descendant of the freedom fighter General Art\u00far G\u00f6rgey who served as Minister of War during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.", "Q440121": "David Bing (born November 24, 1943) is an American retired Hall of Fame basketball player, former mayor of Detroit, Michigan, and businessman.\nAfter starring at Syracuse University, Bing played 12 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a guard for the Detroit Pistons (1966\u20131975), Washington Bullets (1975\u20131977), and Boston Celtics (1977\u201378). During his career, he averaged over 20 points and six assists per game and made seven NBA All-Star appearances, winning the game's Most Valuable Player award in 1976. The Pistons celebrated his career accomplishments with the retirement of his #21 jersey. In addition, he was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and named one of the NBA's 50 Greatest Players of all-time.\nBing founded Bing Steel, a processing company that earned him the National Minority Small Business Person of the Year award in 1984. Soon the business grew into the multimillion-dollar Detroit-based conglomerate, the Bing Group, one of the largest steel companies in Michigan.\nBing entered Detroit politics as a Democrat in 2008, announcing his intentions to run for mayor in the city's non-partisan primary to finish the term of Kwame Kilpatrick, who had resigned amid a corruption scandal. After winning the primary, Bing then defeated Interim Mayor Kenneth Cockrel, Jr. and was sworn in as mayor in May 2009. Later that year, Bing was re-elected to a full term. However, he lost most of his power to Detroit's emergency manager Kevyn Orr, had numerous health problems, and suffered approval ratings as low as 14%. Bing thus did not seek re-election in 2013 and was succeeded by politician and businessman Mike Duggan.", "Q661143": "St. Gallen is a constituency (Wahlkreis) in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. The Wahlkreis (SFOS number 1721) has been established on June 10, 2001 with an area of 157.54 km2 (60.83 sq mi). The Wahlkreis takes its name from the city of St. Gallen.", "Q327493": "Arthur Lubin (July 25, 1898 \u2013 May 12, 1995) was an American film director and producer who directed several Abbott & Costello films, Phantom of the Opera (1943), the Francis the Talking Mule series and created the talking-horse TV series Mister Ed. A prominent director for Universal Pictures in the 1940s and 1950s, he is perhaps best known today as the man who gave Clint Eastwood his first contract in film.", "Q129412": "Townsend Scudder (July 26, 1865 \u2013 February 22, 1960) was a United States Representative from New York.\n\n", "Q177208": "Patricia Collinge (born Eileen Cecilia Collinge; September 20, 1892 \u2013 April 10, 1974) was an Irish-American actress, dramatist, and writer, best known for her role as the tragic alcoholic Birdie Hubbard in The Little Foxes.", "Q43631": "Leiden (, Dutch: [\u02c8l\u025bi\u032fd\u0259(n)] (listen); in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. The municipality of Leiden had a population of 123,856 in August 2017, but the city forms one densely connected agglomeration with its suburbs Oegstgeest, Leiderdorp, Voorschoten and Zoeterwoude with 206,647 inhabitants. The Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) further includes Katwijk in the agglomeration which makes the total population of the Leiden urban agglomeration 270,879, and in the larger Leiden urban area also Teylingen, Noordwijk, and Noordwijkerhout are included with in total 348,868 inhabitants. Leiden is located on the Oude Rijn, at a distance of some 20 kilometres (12 miles) from The Hague to its south and some 40 km (25 mi) from Amsterdam to its north. The recreational area of the Kaag Lakes (Kagerplassen) lies just to the northeast of Leiden.\nA university city since 1575, Leiden has been one of Europe's most prominent scientific centres for more than four centuries. Leiden is a typical university city, university buildings are scattered throughout the city and the many students from all over the world give the city a bustling, vivid and international atmosphere. Many important scientific discoveries have been made here, giving rise to Leiden's motto: \u2018City of Discoveries\u2019. The city houses Leiden University, the oldest university of the Netherlands, and Leiden University Medical Center. Leiden University is one of Europe's top universities, with thirteen Nobel Prize winners. It is a member of the League of European Research Universities and positioned highly in all international academic rankings. It is twinned with Oxford, the location of the United Kingdom's oldest university. Leiden University and Leiden University of Applied Sciences (Leidse Hogeschool) together have around 35,000 students. Modern scientific medical research and teaching started in the early 18th century in Leiden with Boerhaave.\nLeiden is a city with a rich cultural heritage, not only in science, but also in the arts. One of the world's most famous painters, Rembrandt, was born and educated in Leiden. Other famous Leiden painters include Lucas van Leyden, Jan van Goyen and Jan Steen.", "Q660249": "Sissach District is one of the five districts of the largely German-speaking canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland. It has a population of 35,912 (as of 31 March 2017). The district occupies the western portion of Basel-Country, bordering the neighbouring cantons of canton of Aargau and Solothurn. Its capital is the town of Sissach.", "Q97306": "Ernst Wilhelm Schneppenhorst (born 19 April 1881 \u2013 24 April 1945) was a Bavarian politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).", "Q215421": "Joseph Wechsberg (29 August 1907 \u2013 10 April 1983) was a Jewish Czech writer, journalist, musician, and gourmet. Born in Ostrava, in Moravia, Czechoslovakia, he and his wife requested and received asylum in the United States in 1939 when Germany invaded Czechoslovakia. His mother was among the Czech Jews interned by the Nazis and later died at Auschwitz. \nOver his career he was a prolific writer who wrote over two dozen works of nonfiction, including books on music and musicians, and contributed numerous articles to publications such as The New Yorker.", "Q468861": "Bothaina Kamel (Egyptian Arabic: \u0628\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u200e; born in Cairo, 18 April 1962) is an Egyptian television anchor, activist, and politician. A long-time pro-democracy advocate, particularly in Shayfeencom, her professional career has been marked by repeated conflict with authorities. In June 2011 she announced her candidacy for the Egyptian presidency, although she did not receive enough signatures to make the ballot. She announced on 12 April 2014 that she would run in the 2014 presidential election though she was unable to collect enough endorsements to run.Kamel hosted an Egyptian radio program called Nighttime Confessions from 1992 to 1998. She later worked as a new presenter for Egyptian state television, and hosted a show called Please Understand Me on the Saudi Arabian-owned Orbit satellite TV network. In each assignment, she eventually encountered official resistance: Confessions was cancelled after outcries by religious conservatives; she took a leave of absence from Egyptian state television rather than participate in propaganda surrounding the 2005 elections; and Understand Me was taken off the air by the Saudi producers when they became concerned that its coverage of the 2011 Egyptian revolution would implicate Saudi interests.She has long been active in pro-democracy activities, often present a pro-democracy rallies, forming the election monitoring group Shayfeencom, in 2005, and immediately taking to the streets during the 2011 revolution.She is a self-described social democrat, and ran as an independent. A Sunni Muslim, she has taken anti-sectarian stances, endorsing proposals for equal treatment of Coptic and Muslim places of worship and for trying those who incite sectarian violence. Additionally, she wears a Muslim crescent and a Christian cross necklace both are symbols of Egyptian unity and also were the symbol of the 1919 Egyptian Revolution. She criticized the military, rather than either sect, for sectarian clashes that have erupted in the wake of the revolution. Other positions include reducing the minimum age of parliamentarians from 30 to 22 in view of the youth participation in the revolution.", "Q128718": "In Prison Awaiting Trial (Italian: Detenuto in attesa di giudizio) is a 1971 Italian drama film directed by Nanni Loy. It was entered into the 22nd Berlin International Film Festival where Alberto Sordi won the Silver Bear for Best Actor award.", "Q311135": "Karl Christian Rove (born December 25, 1950) is an American Republican political consultant and policy advisor. He was Senior Advisor and Deputy Chief of Staff during the George W. Bush administration until his resignation on August 31, 2007. He has also headed the Office of Political Affairs, the Office of Public Liaison, and the White House Office of Strategic Initiatives. Since leaving the White House, Rove has worked as a political analyst and contributor for Fox News, Newsweek and The Wall Street Journal.\nPrior to his White House appointments, he is credited with the 1994 and 1998 Texas gubernatorial victories of George W. Bush, as well as Bush's 2000 and 2004 successful presidential campaigns. In his 2004 victory speech Bush referred to Rove as \"the Architect\". Rove has also been credited for the successful campaigns of John Ashcroft (1994 U.S. Senate election), Bill Clements (1986 Texas gubernatorial election), Senator John Cornyn (2002 U.S. Senate election), Governor Rick Perry (1990 Texas Agriculture Commission election), and Phil Gramm (1982 U.S. House and 1984 U.S. Senate elections).", "Q87115": "Kurt Wolff (3 March 1887 \u2013 21 October 1963) was a German publisher, editor, writer and journalist.\nWolff was born in Bonn, Rhenish Prussia; his mother came from a Jewish-German family. Together with Ernst Rowohlt he began to work in publishing in Leipzig in 1908. He was the first to promote and publish the authors Franz Kafka and Franz Werfel, but declined to publish the works of Axel Munthe. Wolff's close contact to other writers in Prague and the support for unknown, but talented writers, helped him develop Kafka's friends, Max Brod and Felix Weltsch who were more well known in Berlin and Germany. In 1929, Wolff published the photography book Face of our Time by August Sander.\nIn 1941 Wolff and his second wife, Helen, left Germany and emigrated to Paris, London, Montagnola, St. Tropez, Nice, and finally with the assistance of Varian Fry, New York City. Later in Munich, Florence, and the United States, Wolff tried to develop different publishing houses. In the U.S., he and Helen founded Pantheon Books in 1942, which became famous. They later ran the Helen and Kurt Wolff Books imprint at Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. He died and is buried, along with Helen, in Marbach.\nThe Helen and Kurt Wolff Translator's Prize is named in honor of him and his wife.\nHis son Christian Wolff is a renowned avant-garde musician.", "Q120344": "Kurt Felix (27 March 1941 \u2013 16 May 2012) was a Swiss television presenter and entertainer.", "Q205632": "Aubervilliers (French pronunciation: [ob\u025b\u0281vilje] (listen)) is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in the \u00cele-de-France region in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris, France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as Albertivillariens or Albertivillariennes.", "Q65190": "T\u00e4gerig is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q450326": "Mich\u00e8le Montas (born 1946) is a journalist from Haiti and the former Spokesperson under UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (January 1, 2007 - January 1, 2010). Prior to her appointment, Montas headed the French unit of UN Radio. From 2003 to 2004, she served as the Spokesperson for UN General Assembly President Julian Robert Hunte soon after she fled to New York from Haiti.Montas began her journalism career in Haiti in the early 1970s with her husband, Jean Dominique, also a Haitian journalist. Dominique's station, Radio Haiti-Inter, was attacked several times in the 1980s and 1990s, and the couple was forced to flee the country twice to briefly live in exile. Dominique was assassinated in April 2000 after broadcasting increasingly strident criticisms of Jean-Bertrand Aristide's party on his program. (Aristide was not in power at the time.) Montas took over the radio station, but shut it down in February 2003 and fled to New York after her bodyguard was gunned down in an attack on her home and she received several death threats. Montas returned to Haiti in her role with MINUSTAH.", "Q170573": "Qom (Persian: \u0642\u0645\u200e [\u0262om] (listen)) is the seventh largest metropolis and also the seventh largest city in Iran. Qom is the capital of Qom Province. It is located 140 km (87 mi) to the south of Tehran. At the 2016 census, its population was 1,201,158. It is situated on the banks of the Qom River.\nQom is considered holy in Shi'a Islam, as it is the site of the shrine of Fatimah bint Musa, sister of Imam Ali ibn Musa Rida (Persian: Imam Reza; 789\u2013816). The city is the largest center for Shi'a scholarship in the world, and is a significant destination of pilgrimage, with around twenty million pilgrims visiting the city every year, the majority being Iranians but also other Shi'a Muslims from all around the world. Qom is also famous for a Persian brittle toffee known as sohan (Persian: \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646), considered a souvenir of the city and sold by 2,000 to 2,500 \"sohan\" shops.\nQom has developed into a lively industrial centre owing in part to its proximity to Tehran. It is a regional centre for the distribution of petroleum and petroleum products, and a natural gas pipeline from Bandar Anzali and Tehran and a crude oil pipeline from Tehran run through Qom to the Abadan refinery on the Persian Gulf. Qom gained additional prosperity when oil was discovered at Sarajeh near the city in 1956 and a large refinery was built between Qom and Tehran.", "Q1257": "Boutros Boutros-Ghali (; Coptic: \u2ca0\u2c89\u2ca7\u2ca3\u2c9f\u2ca5 \u2ca0\u2c89\u2ca7\u2ca3\u2c9f\u2ca5-\u2c84\u2c81\u2c97\u2c93, Arabic: \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u200e Bu\u1e6drus Bu\u1e6drus Gh\u0101l\u012b, Egyptian Arabic: [\u02c8bot\u027eos \u02c8\u0263\u00e6\u02d0li]; 14 November 1922 \u2013 16 February 2016) was an Egyptian politician and diplomat who was the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) from January 1992 to December 1996. An academic and former Vice Foreign Minister of Egypt, Boutros-Ghali oversaw the UN over a period coinciding with several world crises, including the breakup of Yugoslavia and the Rwandan genocide. He was then the first Secretary-General of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie from 16 November 1997 to 31 December 2002.", "Q233380": "Ikue \u014ctani (\u5927\u8c37 \u80b2\u6c5f, \u014ctani Ikue, born August 18, 1965) is a Japanese actress, voice actress, a singer, and narrator from Tokyo. She is best known for her anime roles in the Pok\u00e9mon series (as Pikachu), One Piece (as Tony Tony Chopper), Naruto (as Konohamaru Sarutobi), Detective Conan (as Mitsuhiko Tsuburaya), Smile PreCure! (as Candy), Uchi no Sanshimai (as Fu), Konjiki no Gash Bell (as Gash), and Persona 5 (as Morgana). She is currently attached to Mausu Promotion. Her pet name is \"Iku-chan\". She is known for playing both male and female roles, and sometimes plays multiple roles in one production. She is a native of Tokyo, but grew up in Niigata Prefecture.", "Q107923": "Adolf Zutter (10 February 1889 in Zweibr\u00fccken\u2013Landsberg Prison 27 May 1947) was a German SS-Hauptsturmf\u00fchrer at Mauthausen Concentration Camp, who was tried and executed for war crimes.\nZutter, a member of the NSDAP (membership number 3,543,330) and the SS (membership number 226,911), was from 27 September 1939 to the beginning of May 1945 a member of the camp staff of KZ Mauthausen. From 27 September 1939 to the spring of 1942 he worked as Kommandof\u00fchrer in Wien Graben and then as commander of the guards until June 1942. From June 1942 to early May 1945, he was adjutant under the Nazi concentration camp commandant Franz Ziereis in Mauthausen concentration camp.\nAfter the war, Zutter was accused by a military court in the Mauthausen-Gusen camp trials under the Dachau trials and condemned on 13 May 1946 to death by hanging. The judgment believed, that the ordering and implementing of executions and participation in the gas chamber (mass murder) were considered as individual excess deeds of Zutter. The sentence was enforced on 27 May 1947 in the Landsberg prison for war criminals.", "Q45240": "Monte Carlo (, Italian: [\u02c8monte \u02c8karlo]; French: Monte-Carlo [m\u0254\u0303te ka\u0281lo], or colloquially Monte-Carl [m\u0254\u0303te ka\u0281l]; Mon\u00e9gasque: Munte Carlu; lit.\u2009'\"Mount Charles\"') is officially an administrative area of the Principality of Monaco, specifically the ward of Monte Carlo/Sp\u00e9lugues, where the Monte Carlo Casino is located. Informally, the name also refers to a larger district, the Monte Carlo Quarter (corresponding to the former municipality of Monte Carlo), which besides Monte Carlo/Sp\u00e9lugues also includes the wards of La Rousse/Saint Roman, Larvotto/Bas Moulins, and Saint Michel. The permanent population of the ward of Monte Carlo is about 3,500, while that of the quarter is about 15,000. Monaco has four traditional quarters. From west to east they are: Fontvieille (the newest), Monaco-Ville (the oldest), La Condamine, and Monte Carlo.\nMonte Carlo is situated on a prominent escarpment at the base of the Maritime Alps along the French Riviera. Near the quarter's western end is the world-famous Place du Casino, the gambling center which has made Monte Carlo \"an international byword for the extravagant display and reckless dispersal of wealth\". It is also the location of the H\u00f4tel de Paris, Caf\u00e9 de Paris and Salle Garnier (the casino theatre which is the home of the Op\u00e9ra de Monte-Carlo). The quarter's eastern part includes the community of Larvotto with Monaco's only public beach, as well as its new convention center (the Grimaldi Forum), and the Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel & Resort. At the quarter's eastern border, one crosses into the French town of Beausoleil (sometimes referred to as Monte-Carlo-Sup\u00e9rieur), and just 8 kilometres (5 mi) to its east is the western border of Italy.\n\n", "Q926639": "Roger Frey (11 June 1913, Noum\u00e9a, New Caledonia \u2013 13 September 1997) was a French politician. His parents were of Alsatian origin. He was Minister of the Interior and president of the Constitutional Council of France.", "Q111199": "Peter Bofinger (born September 18, 1954) is a German economist and a former member of the German Council of Economic Experts.", "Q6538": "G\u00fcnter Wilhelm Grass (German: [\u02c8\u0261\u028fnt\u0250 \u02c8\u0261\u0281as]; 16 October 1927 \u2013 13 April 2015) was a German novelist, poet, playwright, illustrator, graphic artist, sculptor, and recipient of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Literature.He was born in the Free City of Danzig (now Gda\u0144sk, Poland). As a teenager, he served as a drafted soldier from late 1944 in the Waffen-SS and was taken as a prisoner of war by US forces at the end of the war in May 1945. He was released in April 1946. Trained as a stonemason and sculptor, Grass began writing in the 1950s. In his fiction, he frequently returned to the Danzig of his childhood.\nGrass is best known for his first novel, The Tin Drum (1959), a key text in European magic realism. It was the first book of his Danzig Trilogy, the other two being Cat and Mouse and Dog Years. His works are frequently considered to have a left-wing political dimension, and Grass was an active supporter of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). The Tin Drum was adapted as a film of the same name, which won both the 1979 Palme d'Or and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. In 1999, the Swedish Academy awarded him the Nobel Prize in Literature, praising him as a writer \"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history\".", "Q203243": "Leonard Susskind (; born 1940) is an American physicist, who is a professor of theoretical physics at Stanford University, and founding director of the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics. His research interests include string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics and quantum cosmology. He is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, an associate member of the faculty of Canada's Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, and a distinguished professor of the Korea Institute for Advanced Study.Susskind is widely regarded as one of the fathers of string theory. He was the first to give a precise string-theoretic interpretation of the holographic principle in 1995 and the first to introduce the idea of the string theory landscape in 2003.Susskind was awarded the 1998 J. J. Sakurai Prize, and the 2018 Oskar Klein Medal.", "Q75383": "Reinhold Bernt (19 December 1902 \u2013 26 October 1981) was a German film actor.\nBernt was born Reinhold Bienert in Berlin and died in West Berlin.", "Q982831": "Henry John Heinz (October 11, 1844 \u2013 May 14, 1919) was an American entrepreneur who founded the H. J. Heinz Company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was born in Birmingham, Pennsylvania, the son of German immigrants who came independently to the United States in the early 1840s. Heinz developed his business into a national company which made more than 60 food products; one of its first was tomato ketchup. He was influential for introducing high sanitary standards for food manufacturing. He also exercised a paternal relationship with his workers, providing health benefits, recreation facilities, and cultural amenities. Heinz was the great-grandfather of former U.S. Senator H. John Heinz III of Pennsylvania and a second cousin of Frederick Trump, and second cousin twice removed of Donald Trump.\n\n", "Q129406": "Clara de Chatelain, (pseudonyms, Leopold Wray, Baronne Corn\u00e9lie de B., Rosalia Santa Croce and Leopoldine Ziska; 31 July 1807 \u2013 30 June 1876) was an English writer, composer and translator.", "Q223193": "Robert Lyle Knepper (born July 8, 1959) is an American actor best known for his role as Theodore \"T-Bag\" Bagwell in the Fox drama series Prison Break (2005\u20132009, 2017), Samuel Sullivan in the final season of the NBC series Heroes (2009\u20132010), Angus McDonough in The CW series iZombie (2015\u20132018) and Rodney Mitchum in Showtime's revival of Twin Peaks (2017). He has also appeared in films such as Hitman (2007) and Transporter 3 (2008).", "Q737463": "Dmitry Olegovich Rogozin (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0437\u0438\u043d; born 21 December 1963) is a Russian politician, currently serving as the Director General of Roscosmos.\nPreviously he was Deputy Prime Minister of Russia in charge of Defense industry of Russia from 2011 to 2018.\nIn January 2008, he became Russia's ambassador to NATO, serving until December 2011. He was a leader of the Rodina (Motherland) party, until it merged with other similar Russian parties to form the Fair Russia party. He holds two doctorate degrees in philosophy and in technology.On 18 February 2011, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev appointed Rogozin as the Special Representative on anti-missile defense; he negotiates with NATO countries on this issue.\nOn 23 December 2011, Rogozin was appointed as Deputy Prime Minister, in charge of the defense and space industries. For the defense industry, he led the creation of the Russian Foundation for Advanced Research Projects in the Defense Industry. In May 2018, he became the head of the Russian state space corporation Roscosmos.In 2015, Rogozin was the head of Russia's Arctic Commission.Rogozin is an active user of Twitter and Facebook.", "Q402306": "Whitney Cua Her (born 1992), better known by her stage name Ahney Her, is an American actress. She is of Hmong descent.", "Q1347162": "The New England Conservatory of Music (NEC) is a private music school in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the oldest independent music conservatory in the United States. The conservatory is located on Huntington Avenue of the Arts near Boston Symphony Hall and is home to 750 students pursuing undergraduate and graduate studies along with 1400 more in its Preparatory School as well as the School of Continuing Education. At the collegiate level, NEC offers the Bachelor of Music, Master of Music, and Doctor of Musical Arts, as well as the Undergraduate, Graduate, and Artist Diplomas. Also offered are five-year joint double-degree programs with Harvard University and Tufts University.NEC is the only music school in the United States designated as a National Historic Landmark, and it is a pending Boston Landmark. Its primary concert hall, Jordan Hall, designed by Edmund M. Wheelright contains an organ modeled after the one at Santa Maria Della Scala in Siena It hosts approximately 1,000 concerts each year.", "Q122553": "Charles II (29 May 1630 \u2013 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland, and Ireland. He was king of Scotland from 1649 until his deposition in 1651, and king of England, Scotland and Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death in 1685.\nCharles II was the eldest surviving child of Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria of France. After Charles I's execution at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War, the Parliament of Scotland proclaimed Charles II king on 5 February 1649. However, England entered the period known as the English Interregnum or the English Commonwealth, and the country was a de facto republic led by Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell defeated Charles II at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651, and Charles fled to mainland Europe. Cromwell became virtual dictator of England, Scotland and Ireland. Charles spent the next nine years in exile in France, the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Netherlands. A political crisis that followed the death of Cromwell in 1658 resulted in the restoration of the monarchy, and Charles was invited to return to Britain. On 29 May 1660, his 30th birthday, he was received in London to public acclaim. After 1660, all legal documents stating a regnal year did so as if he had succeeded his father as king in 1649.\nCharles's English parliament enacted laws known as the Clarendon Code, designed to shore up the position of the re-established Church of England. Charles acquiesced to the Clarendon Code even though he favoured a policy of religious tolerance. The major foreign policy issue of his early reign was the Second Anglo-Dutch War. In 1670, he entered into the Treaty of Dover, an alliance with his cousin King Louis XIV of France. Louis agreed to aid him in the Third Anglo-Dutch War and pay him a pension, and Charles secretly promised to convert to Catholicism at an unspecified future date. Charles attempted to introduce religious freedom for Catholics and Protestant dissenters with his 1672 Royal Declaration of Indulgence, but the English Parliament forced him to withdraw it. In 1679, Titus Oates's revelations of a supposed Popish Plot sparked the Exclusion Crisis when it was revealed that Charles's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, was a Catholic. The crisis saw the birth of the pro-exclusion Whig and anti-exclusion Tory parties. Charles sided with the Tories, and, following the discovery of the Rye House Plot to murder Charles and James in 1683, some Whig leaders were executed or forced into exile. Charles dissolved the English Parliament in 1681, and ruled alone until his death in 1685. He was received into the Catholic Church on his deathbed.\nCharles was one of the most popular and beloved kings of England, known as the Merry Monarch, in reference to both the liveliness and hedonism of his court and the general relief at the return to normality after over a decade of rule by Cromwell and the Puritans. Charles's wife, Catherine of Braganza, bore no live children, but Charles acknowledged at least twelve illegitimate children by various mistresses. He was succeeded by his brother James.", "Q3742494": "A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares (certificates of ownership). Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company.In modern-day corporate law, the existence of a joint-stock company is often synonymous with incorporation (possession of legal personality separate from shareholders) and limited liability (shareholders are liable for the company's debts only to the value of the money they have invested in the company). Therefore, joint-stock companies are commonly known as corporations or limited companies.\nSome jurisdictions still provide the possibility of registering joint-stock companies without limited liability. In the United Kingdom and in other countries that have adopted its model of company law, they are known as unlimited companies. In the United States, they are known simply as joint-stock companies.", "Q689399": "Darling Thieves, formerly known as I Hate Kate, is an American alternative rock band from Huntington Beach, California, United States. The band was founded in November 2004 by former Zebrahead frontman Justin Mauriello.", "Q210559": "Oslo Airport (Norwegian: Oslo Lufthavn; IATA: OSL, ICAO: ENGM), alternatively spelt as Oslo Gardermoen Airport or simply Gardermoen Airport is the main international airport serving Oslo, Norway, the capital and most populous city in the country. A hub for Norwegian Air Shuttle, Scandinavian Airlines and Wider\u00f8e, it connects to 26 domestic and 155 international destinations. 28.6 million passengers traveled through the airport in 2019, making it the second-busiest airport in the Nordic countries.\nThe airport is located 19 nautical miles (35 km; 22 mi) northeast of Oslo, at Gardermoen in the municipality of Ullensaker, in Viken county. It has two parallel roughly north\u2013south runways measuring 3,600 metres (11,811 ft) and 2,950 metres (9,678 ft) and 71 aircraft stands, of which 50 have jet bridges. The airport is connected to the city center by the high-speed railway Gardermoen Line served by mainline trains and Flytoget. The percentage of passengers using public transport to get to and from the airport is one of the highest in the world at nearly 70%. The ground facilities are owned by Oslo Lufthavn AS, a subsidiary of the state-owned Avinor. Also at the premises is Gardermoen Air Station, operated by the Royal Norwegian Air Force. An expansion with a new terminal building and a third pier opened in late April 2017. Oslo is also served by the low-fare airport Torp in Sandefjord, situated 119 km to the south of downtown Oslo.\nThe airport location was first used by the Norwegian Army from 1940, with the first military airport facilities being built during the 1940s. The airport remained a secondary reserve and airport for chartered flights to Oslo Airport, Fornebu until 8 October 1998, when the latter was closed and an all-new Oslo Airport opened at Gardermoen, costing 11.4 billion Norwegian kroner (NOK).", "Q38283": "Yokohama (Japanese: \u6a2a\u6d5c, Hepburn: Yokohama, pronounced [jokohama] (listen)) is the second largest city in Japan by population, and the most populous municipality of Japan. It is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kant\u014d region of the main island of Honshu. It is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area.\nYokohama developed rapidly as Japan's prominent port city following the end of Japan's relative isolation in the mid-19th century, and is today one of its major ports along with Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Hakata, Tokyo, and Chiba.", "Q747": "Pierre Corneille (French pronunciation: \u200b[pj\u025b\u0281 k\u0254\u0281n\u025bj]; 6 June 1606 \u2013 1 October 1684) was a French tragedian. He is generally considered one of the three great seventeenth-century French dramatists, along with Moli\u00e8re and Racine.\nAs a young man, he earned the valuable patronage of Cardinal Richelieu, who was trying to promote classical tragedy along formal lines, but later quarrelled with him, especially over his best-known play, Le Cid, about a medieval Spanish warrior, which was denounced by the newly formed Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise for breaching the unities. He continued to write well-received tragedies for nearly forty years.", "Q67787": "Gisela Birkemeyer (n\u00e9e K\u00f6hler on 22 December 1931) is a retired German sprint runner who won two medals in the 80 m hurdles at the 1956 and 1960 Olympics. During her career she set nine world records in the 80 m hurdles and in the 4\u00d7100 m, 4\u00d7110 yd and 4\u00d7200 m relays. She won 40 East German championships, mostly in the 80 m hurdles (1953\u20131961) and 200 m sprint (1956\u20131960). At the European Championships in Stockholm in 1958, she was third in the 80 m hurdles. In 1959, she was voted GDR Sportswoman of the Year.Earlier in 1957 she married Heinz Birkemeyer and since 1960 competed under his name. After retiring from competitions she worked as a coach. She now lives as a pensioner in Berlin Marzahn.", "Q172364": "Christopher J. Lawrence (27 July 1933 \u2013 13 August 2011) was a British former racing driver from England. Born in Ealing, London, he participated regularly in the Le Mans 24 Hours race and in two World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, driving a special Cooper-Ferrari, debuting on 16 July 1966. He scored no championship points.\nLawrence later founded the London-based company LawrenceTune, constructors of the Morgan +4 Super Sports (racing version).Lawrence was also responsible for designing the Deep Sanderson series of racing and sports cars.\nIn addition, Lawrence also helped design the 1972 Monica 560 luxury French saloon.\nHe died of cancer aged 78.\n\n", "Q69972": "Villeneuve is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Aigle. As of December 2018, it had a population of 5771", "Q216128": "K\u00e1roly N\u00f3ti (1 February 1892 \u2013 28 May 1954) was a Hungarian screenwriter. For his work in Germany and Britain he was credited as Karl Noti. During the 1930s N\u00f3ti was one of the leading and most prolific screenwriters in the Hungarian industry.\n\n", "Q58577": "Ernst Werner Siemens (von Siemens from 1888; English: SEEM-\u0259nz; German: [\u02c8zi\u02d0m\u0259ns, -m\u025bns]; 13 December 1816 \u2013 6 December 1892) was a German electrical engineer, inventor and industrialist. Siemens's name has been adopted as the SI unit of electrical conductance, the siemens. He was also the founder of the electrical and telecommunications company Siemens.", "Q57122": "Cronay is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q104594": "Gerhard Danelius (April 2, 1913 Berlin-Wilmersdorf \u2013 May 18, 1978 Berlin-Buch) was a German communist politician. During the Second World War, he was active in antifascist struggles.He was the chairman of the Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin, from the first congress of the party in 1966 to his death in 1978.", "Q58211": "Yang Jiechi (Chinese: \u6768\u6d01\u7bea; born 1 May 1950) is a high-ranking Chinese politician and diplomat. Since 2013, he has served as director of the Office of Foreign Affairs of the Communist Party of China under Party General Secretary Xi Jinping. He is generally regarded as one of the foremost contemporary architects of China's foreign policy. Yang served as the tenth Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China between 2007 and 2013. He joined the inner circle of the State Council in 2013, as a State Councilor under Premier Li Keqiang. Yang spent much of his professional life in the United States, where he served as Chinese Ambassador from 2001 to 2005.", "Q981486": "Patrick Le Hyaric (born 4 February 1957 in Orl\u00e9ans, Loiret) is a French journalist, politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP), elected in the 2009 European election for the \u00cele-de-France constituency. He is the director of the newspaper L'Humanit\u00e9 since 2000, when he replaced Pierre Zarka.\nLe Hyaric is a member of the executive of the French Communist Party and also the federal secretary of the Communist federation in the Morbihan.\nIn 2004, he led the PCF list in the West constituency. The PCF list obtained 4.1% in the constituency but no MEPs were elected.\nIn 2009, he was selected to lead the Left Front list in the \u00cele-de-France constituency ahead of the 2009 European elections. His list won 6.32% of the vote and he was elected to the European Parliament.\n\n", "Q191799": "Alexander Stepanovich Popov (sometimes spelled Popoff; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0301\u0432; March 16 [O.S. March 4] 1859 \u2013 January 13 [O.S. December 31, 1905] 1906) was a Russian physicist, who was one of the first persons to invent a radio receiving device.Popov's work as a teacher at a Russian naval school led him to explore high frequency electrical phenomena. On May 7, 1895, he presented a paper on a wireless lightning detector he had built that worked via using a coherer to detect radio noise from lightning strikes. This day is celebrated in the Russian Federation as Radio Day. In a March 24, 1896 demonstration, he transmitted radio signals 250 meters between different campus buildings in St. Petersburg. His work was based on that of another physicist \u2013 Oliver Lodge, and contemporaneous with the work of Guglielmo Marconi.\n\n", "Q241716": "Rico Smith (born August 9, 1971), better known by his stage name Tash, is an American rapper. He is most known for his work as a member of West Coast hip hop group, Tha Alkaholiks alongside J-Ro and E-Swift. He has released two solo albums, Rap Life (1999) and Control Freek (2009), and has worked on five albums with Tha Alkaholiks.", "Q92518": "Ilse F\u00fcrstenberg (12 December 1907, Berlin \u2013 16 December 1976, Basel) was a German actress, working on stage, screen, television and as voice actress.", "Q444435": "Jennifer Aspen (born October 9, 1973) is an American actress, best known for her roles as Daphne Jablonsky in Fox teen drama Party of Five (1998\u20132000), as Trina Hamilton in ABC family comedy Rodney (2004\u20132006), as Kendra Giardi in the first season Fox series Glee and as Sharon Peacham on ABC comedy-drama GCB (2012).", "Q216896": "Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13, 1911 \u2013 January 24, 1986) was an American author of science fiction and fantasy stories, and the founder of the Church of Scientology. In 1950, Hubbard authored Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health and established a series of organizations to promote Dianetics. In 1952, Hubbard lost the rights to Dianetics in bankruptcy proceedings, and he subsequently founded Scientology. Thereafter Hubbard oversaw the growth of the Church of Scientology into a worldwide organization.\nBorn in Tilden, Nebraska, in 1911, Hubbard spent much of his childhood in Helena, Montana. After his father was posted to the U.S. naval base on Guam, Hubbard traveled to Asia and the South Pacific in the late 1920s. In 1930, Hubbard enrolled at George Washington University to study civil engineering but dropped out in his second year. He began his career as a prolific writer of pulp fiction stories and married Margaret \"Polly\" Grubb, who shared his interest in aviation.\nHubbard was an officer in the Navy during World War II, where he briefly commanded two ships but was removed from command both times. The last few months of his active service were spent in a hospital, being treated for a variety of complaints. \nScientology became increasingly controversial during the 1960s and came under intense media, government and legal pressure in a number of countries. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Hubbard spent much of his time at sea on his personal fleet of ships as \"Commodore\" of the Sea Organization, an elite quasi-paramilitary group of Scientologists.\nHubbard returned to the United States in 1975 and went into seclusion in the California desert after an unsuccessful attempt to take over the town of Clearwater, Florida. In 1978, Hubbard was convicted of fraud after he was tried in absentia by France. In the same year, eleven high-ranking members of Scientology were indicted on 28 charges for their role in the Church's Snow White Program, a systematic program of espionage against the United States government. One of the indicted was Hubbard's wife Mary Sue Hubbard, who was in charge of the program; L. Ron Hubbard was named an unindicted co-conspirator.\nHubbard spent the remaining years of his life in seclusion in a luxury motorhome on a ranch in California, attended to by a small group of Scientology officials. He died at age 74 in January 1986. Following Hubbard's death, Scientology leaders announced that his body had become an impediment to his work and that he had decided to \"drop his body\" to continue his research on another planet. Though many of Hubbard's autobiographical statements have been found to be fictitious, the Church of Scientology describes Hubbard in hagiographic terms and rejects any suggestion that its account of Hubbard's life is not historical fact.", "Q2038": "Fran\u00e7ois Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (26 October 1916 \u2013 8 January 1996) was a French statesman who served as President of France from 1981 to 1995, the longest time in office in the history of France. As First Secretary of the Socialist Party, he was the first left-wing politician to assume the presidency under the Fifth Republic.\nReflecting family influences, Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand started political life on the Catholic nationalist right. He served under the Vichy Regime during its earlier years. Subsequently he joined the Resistance, moved to the left, and held ministerial office several times under the Fourth Republic. Fran\u00e7ois Mitterand opposed de Gaulle's establishment of the Fifth Republic. Although at times a politically isolated figure, Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand outmanoeuvered rivals to become the left's standard bearer at every presidential election from 1965\u201388; with the exception of 1969. Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand was elected President at the 1981 presidential election. He was re-elected in 1988 and remained in office until 1995.\nFran\u00e7ois Mitterrand invited the Communist Party into his first government, which was a controversial decision at the time. In the event, the Communists were boxed in as junior partners and, rather than taking advantage, saw their support erode. They left the cabinet in 1984. Early in his first term, Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand followed a radical left-wing economic agenda, including nationalisation of key firms, but after two years, with the economy in crisis, he reversed course. He pushed a socially liberal agenda with reforms such as the abolition of the death penalty, the 39-hour work week, and the end of a government monopoly in radio and television broadcasting. His foreign and defense policies built on those of his Gaullist predecessors. His partnership with German Chancellor Helmut Kohl advanced European integration via the Maastricht Treaty, but he reluctantly accepted German reunification. During his time in office, he was a strong promoter of culture and implemented a range of costly \"Grands Projets\". He is the only French President to ever have named a female Prime Minister, \u00c9dith Cresson, in 1991. Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand was twice forced by the loss of a parliamentary majority into \"cohabitation governments\" with conservative cabinets led, respectively, by Jacques Chirac (1986\u20131988), and \u00c9douard Balladur (1993\u20131995). Less than eight months after leaving office, Mitterrand died from the prostate cancer he had successfully concealed for most of his presidency.\nBeyond making the French left electable, Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand presided over the rise of the Socialist Party to dominance of the left, and the decline of the once-mighty Communist Party (as a share of the popular vote in the first presidential round, the Communists shrank from a peak of 21.27% in 1969 to 8.66% in 1995, at the end of Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand's second term).", "Q386249": "Michael B. Gaston (born November 5, 1962) is an American film and television actor. He played agent Quinn on the show Prison Break. He appeared as Gray Anderson on the CBS drama series Jericho. He also appeared in the first episode of The Sopranos as Alex Mahaffey, a compulsive gambler in trouble with Tony. He also had a recurring role in The Mentalist as CBI Director Gale Bertram.\n\n", "Q1803694": "Henrik Vibskov (born 1972) is a Danish fashion designer. Vibskov has a fashion label under his own name, and also designs accessories. He also does interior design and is active as a musician. His work is considered part of the \"New Nordic Movement\", a term to describe 21st century design in various media as practiced by designers from Northern European countries.", "Q645787": "The Socialist Party (French: Parti socialiste, PS) is a social-democratic French-speaking political party in Belgium. As of the 2014 elections, it is the second largest party in the Belgian Chamber of Representatives and the largest Francophone party. The party is led by Paul Magnette. The party supplies the Minister-president of the French Community (Rudy Demotte), and the Brussels-Capital Region (Rudi Vervoort). In the German-speaking community, the party is known as the Sozialistische Partei (SP).\nThe PS is very commonly part of governing coalitions, and dominates most local authorities because of the extremely fragmented nature of Belgian political institutions, particularly in Francophone areas. In the years since 1999, the PS has simultaneously controlled five regional executive bodies: the Government of the French Community, the Walloon Government, the Government of the Brussels-Capital Region, as well as the COCOF, a local subsidiary in Brussels of the French Community Government, and the Government of the German-speaking Community.\nThe party, or its members, have from time to time been brought into connection with criminal activities and political scandals, mostly concerning bribery and financial fraud (Cools assassination, Agusta scandal, Dassault Affair, Carolor\u00e9gienne affair, ICDI affair). The Carolor\u00e9gienne affair caused Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberghe to step down as Minister-President of the Walloon region.", "Q313044": "Diego Luna Alexander (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8dje\u0263o \u02c8luna aleksan\u02c8de\u027e]; born December 29, 1979) is a Mexican actor, director, and producer. Following a career in Mexican telenovelas, he has appeared in films including Y tu mam\u00e1 tambi\u00e9n, Open Range, Milk, Rudo y Cursi, Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights, The Terminal, and Rogue One: A Star Wars Story. He plays drug trafficker Miguel \u00c1ngel F\u00e9lix Gallardo in Narcos: Mexico.", "Q373968": "Jack Warden (born John Warden Lebzelter Jr.; September 18, 1920 \u2013 July 19, 2006) was an American character actor of film and television. He was twice nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor\u2014for Shampoo (1975), and Heaven Can Wait (1978). He received a BAFTA nomination for the former movie, and won an Emmy for his performance in Brian's Song (1971).", "Q260900": "Susan Charlotte Faludi (; born April 18, 1959) is an American feminist, journalist, and author. She won a Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism in 1991, for a report on the leveraged buyout of Safeway Stores, Inc., a report that the Pulitzer Prize committee commended for depicting the \"human costs of high finance\". She was also awarded the Kirkus Prize in 2016 for In the Darkroom, which was also a finalist for the 2017 Pulitzer Prize in biography.\n\n", "Q95277": "Leberecht Uhlich (1799\u20131872) was a German clergyman and one of the founders of the German Free Congregations.", "Q1268195": "Branko \u0110uri\u0107 (born 28 May 1962) also known by his nickname \u0110uro, is a Bosnian actor, comedian, film director and musician, who lives and works in Ljubljana, Slovenia.\nBorn and raised in Sarajevo, \u0110uri\u0107 rose to prominence throughout Yugoslavia with the hit comedy series Top lista nadrealista during the 1980s. \u0110uro became something of an epitome for the Bosnian people, primarily due to his accent and slang. He was also one of the founding members of SCH and the frontman of the award-winning Sarajevo rock band Bombaj \u0160tampa. In August 1992, several months into the Bosnian War, he moved to Slovenia where he has been residing ever since.\nHe has starred in the Academy Award-winning film No Man's Land and has had supporting roles in numerous high-profile films, including Time of the Gypsies, Kuduz, Bal-Can-Can, In the Land of Blood and Honey and See You in Montevideo. He has also created the critically and commercially acclaimed comedy series Na\u0161a mala klinika, which has spawned an entire franchise with Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian counterparts.", "Q178649": "Rom\u00e1rio de Souza Faria (born 29 January 1966), known simply as Rom\u00e1rio (Brazilian Portuguese: [\u0281o\u02c8ma\u027eiu]), is a Brazilian politician who previously achieved worldwide fame as a professional footballer. A prolific striker renowned for his clinical finishing, he is regarded as one of the greatest players of all time. Rom\u00e1rio starred for Brazil in their 1994 FIFA World Cup success, receiving the FIFA Golden Ball as player of the tournament. He was named FIFA World Player of the Year the same year. He came fifth in the FIFA Player of the Century internet poll in 1999, was elected to the FIFA World Cup Dream Team in 2002, and was named in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players in 2004.At club level, after developing his early career in Brazil, Rom\u00e1rio moved to PSV Eindhoven in the Netherlands in 1988. During his five seasons at PSV the club became Eredivisie champions three times, and he scored a total of 165 goals in 167 games. In 1993, he moved to FC Barcelona and became part of Johan Cruyff's \"Dream Team\", forming an exceptional strike partnership with Hristo Stoichkov. He won La Liga in his first season and finished top goalscorer with 30 goals in 33 matches. During the second half of his career Rom\u00e1rio played for clubs within the city of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. He won the Brazilian league title with CR Vasco da Gama in 2000 and was a three-time top scorer in the league. At the end of his career he also played briefly in Qatar, the United States and Australia.\nConsidered a master of the confined space of the penalty area, his rapid speed over short distances (aided by his low centre of gravity) took him away from defenders, and he was renowned for his trademark toe poke finish. With 55 goals in 70 appearances, Rom\u00e1rio is the fourth-highest goalscorer for the Brazil national team, behind Pel\u00e9, Ronaldo and Neymar. He is second on the all-time list of Brazilian league's top scorers with 154 goals. He is the second-most prolific goalscorer in the history of football.", "Q3048490": "Edward Crossley (1841 \u2013 21 January 1905) was an English businessman, Liberal Party politician and astronomer.", "Q55735": "Aroon Tikekar or Aru\u1e47a \u1e6cikekara (1 February 1944 \u2013 19 January 2016) was an Indian scholar and authority on Mumbai, as well as a journalist. He wrote over 20 books. He died on 19 January 2016 due to breathing related complications.", "Q106383": "Isabelle Yasmina Adjani (born 27 June 1955) is a French film actress and singer. She is the only actress or actor in history to win five C\u00e9sar Awards; she won Best Actress for Possession (1981), One Deadly Summer (1983), Camille Claudel (1988), La Reine Margot (1994), and Skirt Day (2009). She was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 2010, and a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters in 2014.\nAdjani's performance as Ad\u00e8le Hugo in the 1975 film The Story of Adele H. earned her the first of two nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Her second nomination\u2014for Camille Claudel\u2014made her the first French actress to receive two nominations for foreign-language films. She won Best Actress at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival for her performances in Possession and Quartet, and, later, she won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 1989 Berlin Film Festival for Camille Claudel. Her other notable film performances include The Tenant (1976), Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979), Subway (1985), Diabolique (1996), and French Women (2014).", "Q213736": "Bridgit Claire Mendler (born December 18, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. In 2004, she began her career in the animated Indian film The Legend of Buddha, later starring in the films Alice Upside Down (2007), The Clique (2008), Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel (2009) and Labor Pains (2009) as a teenager. In 2009, Mendler signed with Disney Channel and played Juliet van Heusen on Wizards of Waverly Place. Following the positive reception to her character, she landed the role of Teddy Duncan on the Disney series Good Luck Charlie, which ran from April 2010 to February 2014. Mendler also starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie Lemonade Mouth in 2011. Subsequently, Mendler portrayed Candace in the NBC sitcom Undateable (2015\u20132016) and Ashley Willerman in the musical television series Nashville (2017).\nMendler was featured on two singles released from the soundtrack of Lemonade Mouth, with both charting on the US Billboard Hot 100. In 2012, Mendler released her debut studio album Hello My Name Is.... It went on to peak at number 30 on the Billboard 200, with over 200,000 copies sold. The record spawned the lead single \"Ready or Not\" (2012), which was certified Gold and Platinum in various countries. The follow-up single \"Hurricane\" (2013) did not achieve the same success. Mendler has links with several philanthropic projects and humanitarian causes. From 2010\u20132012, she served as ambassador to First Book, a campaign to encourage reading and gives books to children in need, and Give With Target, with Target Corporation to raise funds to reform schools in the United States.", "Q554154": "William Modisane (28 August 1923 \u2013 1 March 1986), better known as Bloke Modisane, was a South African writer, actor and journalist.", "Q116190": "V\u00e4in\u00f6 Tanner (12 March 1881 \u2013 19 April 1966; surname until 1895 Thomasson) was a leading figure in the Social Democratic Party of Finland, and a pioneer and leader in the cooperative movement in Finland. He was Prime Minister of Finland in 1926\u20131927.Tanner was born in Helsinki. He did not participate in the Finnish Civil War, maintaining a neutral attitude. When the war ended he became Finland's leading Social Democratic Party (SDP) politician, and a strong proponent of the parliamentary system. His main achievement was the rehabilitation of the SDP after the Civil War. V\u00e4in\u00f6 Tanner served as Prime Minister (1926\u20131927), Minister of Finance (1937\u20131939), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1939\u20131940), and after the Winter War Minister of Trade and Industry (1941\u20131942) and Minister of Finance (1942-1944).V\u00e4in\u00f6 Tanner's legacy is in his directing the Finnish working class from their extremist ideology towards pragmatic progress through the democratic process. Under his leadership the Social Democrats were trusted to form a minority government already less than 10 years after the bloody civil war. Tanner's minority socialist government passed a series of important social reforms during its time in office, which included a liberal amnesty law, reduced duties on imported foods, and pension and health insurance laws.During President Relander's brief illness Tanner, who held the post of prime minister, was even the acting President and Commander-In-Chief. In this role he even received the parade of the White guards on the 10th anniversary of the White victory. This was perceived as a remarkable development at the time. During the 1930s and 1940s, the Social Democrats formed several coalition governments with the Agrarian party. In the Winter War V\u00e4in\u00f6 Tanner was the foreign minister. \nV\u00e4in\u00f6 Tanner's leadership was very important in forming the grounds and creating the Spirit of the Winter War which united the nation.\nAfter the end of the Continuation War, Tanner was tried for responsibility for the war in February 1946, and sentenced to five years and six months in prison.After the Continuation War, and while still in prison, Tanner became the virtual leader of a faction of the SDP which had strong support from the USA. This faction eventually came out on top after a great deal of internal party strife lasting for much of the 1940s.\nTanner criticized Finland's post-war doctrine known as Paasikivi-Kekkonen Doctrine, in which Finnish foreign affairs were kept strictly neutral and friendly with the USSR. Tanner managed to return to the Finnish parliament as a representative in the 1951 parliamentary elections. The acting foreign minister at the time, \u00c5ke Gartz insisted that the head of the Finnish Social Democratic Party Emil Skog should try to keep Tanner away from the party. Tanner would go on to win the 1957 SDP chairman election. Tanner won the race by 1 vote. The party was internally divided due to Tanner's controversial past and eventually some representatives seceded and formed a new party called the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders aka TPSL. TPSL eventually reunited with SDP in December 1972.", "Q1453358": "Fredy Reyna (April 3, 1917 - March 26, 2001) was a Venezuelan musician, arranger and performer, regarded as the undisputed master of the Venezuelan cuatro, which he elevated to the level of a concert instrument, and one of his country's most important cultural figures in the 20th century.", "Q73094": "The Queen's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford, England. The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield (d'Eglesfield) in honour of Queen Philippa of Hainault (wife of King Edward III of England). It is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture, which includes buildings designed by Sir Christopher Wren and Nicholas Hawksmoor.\nIn 2018, the college had an endowment of \u00a3291 million, making it the fourth-wealthiest college (after St. John's, Christ Church and All Souls).", "Q446222": "S\u00e9verine Ferrer (born 31 October 1977) is a French singer.", "Q7140": "Schlierbach is a municipality in the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q182083": "Efrat Gosh (born 1983) (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea \u05d2\u05d5\u05e9\u200e) is an Israeli singer-songwriter.", "Q130631": "Jacques Derrida (; French: [\u0292ak d\u025b\u0281ida]; born Jackie \u00c9lie Derrida; July 15, 1930 \u2013 October 9, 2004) was an Algerian-born French philosopher best known for developing a form of semiotic analysis known as deconstruction, which he discussed in numerous texts, and developed in the context of phenomenology. He is one of the major figures associated with post-structuralism and postmodern philosophy.During his career Derrida published more than 40 books, together with hundreds of essays and public presentations. He had a significant influence upon the humanities and social sciences, including philosophy, literature, law, anthropology, historiography, applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, psychoanalysis and political theory.\nHis work retains major academic influence throughout continental Europe, South America and all other countries where continental philosophy has been predominant, particularly in debates around ontology, epistemology (especially concerning social sciences), ethics, aesthetics, hermeneutics, and the philosophy of language. In the Anglosphere, where analytic philosophy is dominant, Derrida's influence is most presently felt in literary studies due to his longstanding interest in language and his association with prominent literary critics from his time at Yale. He also influenced architecture (in the form of deconstructivism), music, art, and art criticism.Particularly in his later writings, Derrida addressed ethical and political themes in his work. Some critics consider Speech and Phenomena (1967) to be his most important work. Others cite: Of Grammatology (1967), Writing and Difference (1967), and Margins of Philosophy (1972). These writings influenced various activists and political movements. He became a well-known and influential public figure, while his approach to philosophy and the notorious abstruseness of his work made him controversial.", "Q1036723": "James Patrick Anderton (born James Patrick Byrne; 21 January 1938 \u2013 7 January 2018) was a New Zealand politician who led a succession of left-wing parties after leaving the Labour Party in 1989.\nAnderton's political career began when he was elected to the Manukau City Council in 1965. In 1984, Anderton successfully stood as the Labour candidate for Sydenham in Christchurch. However, he soon came into conflict with the party's leadership, and became an outspoken critic of the Fourth Labour Government's free-market reforms, called Rogernomics. In April 1989, believing that Labour was beyond change, Anderton resigned from the party.\nAs Leader of the Alliance and later the Progressive Party, he served as Deputy Prime Minister in the Fifth Labour Government from 1999 to 2002. In 2010, he ran unsuccessfully for the mayoralty of Christchurch. Anderton retired from Parliament at the 2011 election. After his retirement, he and former MP Philip Burdon were the two prominent campaigners for the restoration of ChristChurch Cathedral.", "Q89886": "Roger Asmussen (September 6, 1936 in Bremerhaven \u2013 June 7, 2015) was a German politician. He was a representative of the German Christian Democratic Union.", "Q357941": "M\u00e1rio Lino Soares Correia (born May 31, 1940 in Lisbon), commonly known as M\u00e1rio Lino, is a Portuguese civil engineer and former politician. He was the Minister of Public Works, Transportation and Communication in the 17th Constitutional Government of Portugal.\nHe became famous for saying that the southern waterfront of the Tagus river in Portugal \"is a desert\". Lino is a former member of the Communist Party.\nHe is also known for saying that the new Lisbon International Airport would never be constructed in the city of Alcochete, by using the expression \"Na margem sul jamais!\" (\"in the south bank never!\"), however later it was decided that the new airport would be built there.\nThese events led to accusations by the government's opposition that Mario Lino does not know what he is doing while taking decisions that may compromise the country.\nHe is also a supporter of Iberian Federalism.\nAfter leaving the government, he largely withdrew from public life.", "Q600344": "The Band was a Canadian-American roots rock group including Rick Danko (bass guitar, vocals, fiddle), Garth Hudson (keyboards, accordion, saxophone), Richard Manuel (keyboards, drums, vocals), Robbie Robertson (guitar, vocals), and Levon Helm (drums, vocals, mandolin, guitar). Between 1958 and 1963, they originally formed as The Hawks, a backing band for rockabilly singer Ronnie Hawkins. In the mid-1960s they gained recognition backing Bob Dylan, and the 1966 tour was notable as Dylan\u2019s first with an electric band. After leaving Dylan and changing their name to the Band, they released several albums to critical and popular acclaim, highlighted by the songs \"The Weight\" and \"The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down.\" According to AllMusic, \"For roughly half-a-decade, from 1968 through 1975, the Band were one of the most popular and influential rock groups in the world.\" Their influence on several generations of musicians has been substantial: Roger Waters called their debut album, Music from Big Pink, the second \"most influential record in the history of rock and roll,\" and music journalist Al Aronowitz called its \"country soul....a sound never heard before.\"In 1964, they separated from Hawkins, after which they toured and released a few singles as Levon and the Hawks and the Canadian Squires. The next year, Bob Dylan hired them for his U.S. tour in 1965 and world tour in 1966. Following the 1966 tour, the group moved with help from Dylan and his manager, Albert Grossman, to Saugerties, New York, where they made the informal 1967 recordings that became The Basement Tapes, the basis for their 1968 debut album, Music from Big Pink. Because they were always \"the band\" to various frontmen and the locals in Woodstock, Helm said the name \"the Band\" worked well when the group came into its own. The group began performing as the Band in 1968 and went on to release ten studio albums. Dylan continued to collaborate with the Band over the course of their career, including a joint 1974 tour.The original configuration of The Band ended its touring career in 1976 with an elaborate performance at Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco, California, that featured numerous musical celebrities of the era. This performance was filmed for Martin Scorsese's 1978 documentary The Last Waltz. Although the members of the group intended to continue working on studio projects, they drifted apart after the release of Islands in March 1977.\nThe Band resumed touring in 1983 without Robertson, who had found success with a solo career and as a Hollywood music producer. As a result of their diminished popularity, they performed in theaters and clubs as headliners and took support slots in larger venues for onetime peers such as the Grateful Dead and Crosby, Stills and Nash. Following a 1986 concert, Manuel committed suicide in his hotel room. The remaining three members continued to tour and record albums with a succession of musicians filling Manuel's and Robertson's roles. The final configuration of the group included Richard Bell (piano), Randy Ciarlante (drums), and Jim Weider (guitar). Danko died of heart failure in 1999, after which the group broke up for good. Helm was diagnosed with throat cancer in 1998 and was unable to sing for several years but he eventually regained the use of his voice. He continued to perform and released several successful albums until he died in 2012.\nThe group was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1989 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994. In 2004 Rolling Stone ranked them No. 50 on its list of the 100 greatest artists of all time, and in 2008 they received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2004, \"The Weight\" was ranked 41st on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 greatest songs of all time.In 2014, the Band was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame.", "Q244929": "The Bedford Incident (aka Aux Postes De Combat) is a 1965 British-American Cold War film starring Richard Widmark and Sidney Poitier and co-produced by Widmark. The cast also features Eric Portman, James MacArthur, Martin Balsam and Wally Cox, as well as early appearances by Donald Sutherland and Ed Bishop. The screenplay by James Poe is based on the 1963 book by Mark Rascovich, which borrowed from the plot of Herman Melville's Moby-Dick; at one point in the film, the captain is advised he is \"not chasing whales now\". The film was directed by James B. Harris, who, until then, had been best known as Stanley Kubrick's producer.", "Q525632": "Burg bei Magdeburg is a town of about 23,900 inhabitants on the Elbe\u2013Havel Canal in northeastern Germany, 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Magdeburg. It is the capital of the Jerichower Land district in the state of Saxony-Anhalt.\n\nThe town is known for its mediaeval churches and towers. Due to the numerous towers and steeples Burg also carries the sobriquet City of Towers. Like other German towns and cities, Burg shows its connection to the Roland saga with a statue, which was restored in 1999.\nAlthough the name Burg has the same form as the German word Burg (castle), it is more likely that the name comes from the Slavic word bor, meaning coniferous forest.\nBurg formerly had the largest shoe manufacturing factory in Europe and was the first to produce manufactured crispbread in Germany, beginning production in 1931.\nThe town is notable as both the birthplace and the final resting place of General Carl von Clausewitz.\nNear Burg there is a large transmission site for long- and mediumwave, which was among other things used for the transmissions of Radio Wolga.", "Q646311": "The D\u00f4mes de Miage are a line of mountain peaks in the south of the Mont Blanc massif that reach a height of 3,673 metres. The snow-covered ar\u00eate from which they rise is over three kilometres long. The six peaks in the chain are (from southwest to northeast) : L'Aiguille de la B\u00e9rang\u00e8re (3,425 m), and unnamed tops known only from their heights as D\u00f4me 3670, D\u00f4me 3666, D\u00f4me 3633, D\u00f4me 3673 and D\u00f4me 3672. \nThe ridge of the d\u00f4mes de Miage is considered one of the most striking in the Mont Blanc massif.\nThe normal route starts at the Refuge des Conscrits, crosses the Tr\u00e9-la-T\u00eate glacier, climbs to Col des D\u00f4mes (between tops 3633 and 3673) and follows the ar\u00eate as far as La B\u00e9rang\u00e8re (PD). A crossing from end to end runs from the Refuge des Conscrits to refuge Durier and is a little more difficult (AD). It is usually combined with the long traverse over the Aiguille de Bionnassay to Mont Blanc.", "Q65769": "Ellikon an der Thur is a municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q62006": "Wojciech Korfanty (IPA: [\u02c8v\u0254jt\u0255\u025bx k\u0254r\u02c8fant\u0268]; born Adalbert Korfanty, 20 April 1873 \u2013 17 August 1939) was a Polish activist, journalist and politician, who served as a member of the German parliaments, the Reichstag and the Prussian Landtag, and later, in the Polish Sejm. Briefly, he also was a paramilitary leader, known for organizing the Polish Silesian Uprisings in Upper Silesia, which after World War I was contested by Germany and Poland. Korfanty fought to protect Poles from discrimination and the policies of Germanisation in Upper Silesia before the war and sought to join Silesia to Poland after Poland regained its independence.", "Q356487": "Samuel Timothy McGraw (born May 1, 1967) is an American singer, actor, and record producer. McGraw has released fifteen studio albums (eleven for Curb Records, three for Big Machine Records and one for Arista Nashville). 10 of those albums have reached number 1 on the Top Country Albums charts, with his 1994 breakthrough album Not a Moment Too Soon being the top country album of 1994. All of these albums have produced 65 singles, 25 of which have reached number 1 on the Hot Country Songs or Country Airplay charts. Three of these singles \u2014 \"It's Your Love\", \"Just to See You Smile\", and \"Live Like You Were Dying\" \u2014 were the top country songs of 1997, 1998, and 2004 according to Billboard Year-End. He has also won three Grammy Awards, 14 Academy of Country Music awards, 11 Country Music Association (CMA) awards, 10 American Music Awards, and three People's Choice Awards. His Soul2Soul II Tour is one of the highest-grossing tours in country music history, and one of the top 5 among all genres of music. He has sold more than 80 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time.McGraw has ventured into acting, with supporting roles in The Blind Side (with Sandra Bullock), Friday Night Lights, The Kingdom, Tomorrowland, and Four Christmases (with Vince Vaughn and Reese Witherspoon), and The Shack, and lead roles in Flicka (2006) and Country Strong (2010). He was a minority owner of the Arena Football League's Nashville Kats.\nIn acknowledgement of his grandfather's Italian heritage, McGraw was honored by the National Italian American Foundation (NIAF) in 2004, receiving the NIAF Special Achievement Award in Music during the Foundation's 29th Anniversary Gala.\nHe has been married to singer Faith Hill since 1996, and is a son of former MLB pitcher Tug McGraw.", "Q24053": "Margaret Coldwell Hassan (; n\u00e9e Wood; February 27, 1958) is an American politician and junior United States Senator from New Hampshire. A Democrat, Hassan was elected to the Senate in the 2016 election. She was the 81st Governor of New Hampshire, from 2013 to 2017.Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Hassan is a graduate of Brown University and earned a J.D. from the Northeastern University School of Law. After graduating from law school in 1985, Hassan worked at the law firm Palmer and Dodge. She later worked as associate general counsel for Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital.Hassan first ran for the New Hampshire Senate in 2002 after Democratic Party leaders recruited her. She lost to incumbent Senator Russell Prescott but ran against Prescott again in 2004 and won. Hassan was elected to a total of three two-year terms, representing New Hampshire's 23rd district from January 2005 to December 2010. Hassan became the Majority Leader in the State Senate in 2008 before losing re-election in a 2010 rematch with Prescott.Hassan declared her candidacy for governor in October 2011. Hassan defeated former State Senator Jacalyn Cilley in the Democratic primary and faced attorney and Republican nominee Ovide M. Lamontagne in the general election. Hassan won with 55 percent of the vote, becoming the state's second female governor. Hassan won re-election in 2014. Since becoming Governor of New Hampshire, Hassan was elected Vice Chair of the Democratic Governors Association and served as a superdelegate at the Democratic National Convention.In 2016, Hassan ran for the U.S. Senate and narrowly defeated Kelly Ayotte, the Republican incumbent, by approximately a thousand votes (about 0.1 percent of the vote). She is serving with Jeanne Shaheen, another former governor; New Hampshire's Senate delegation shares this distinction with that of Virginia (composed of former governors Mark Warner and Tim Kaine). Hassan and Shaheen are the only two women in American history to be elected as both a Governor and a Senator.", "Q272243": "Saint-Josse-ten-Noode (French: [s\u025b\u0303 \u0292os ten n\u0254d]) or Sint-Joost-ten-Node (Dutch pronunciation: [s\u026an \u02c8co\u02d0st t\u025bn \u02c8no\u02d0d\u0259]) is one of the nineteen municipalities located in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium. It is bordered by the City of Brussels and Schaerbeek.\nOn 1 January 2007 the municipality had a total population of 23,785. The total area is 1.14 km\u00b2 which gives a population density of 20,664 inhabitants per km\u00b2. From a total of 581 municipalities in Belgium, Saint-Josse-ten-Noode is both the smallest in area size and the highest in population density. In common with all the Brussels municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French\u2013Dutch).", "Q234216": "Bethany Meilani Hamilton (born February 8, 1990) is an American professional surfer who survived a 2003 shark attack in which her left arm was bitten off but who ultimately returned to professional surfing. She wrote about her experience in the 2004 autobiography Soul Surfer: A True Story of Faith, Family, and Fighting to Get Back on the Board. In April 2011, the feature film Soul Surfer was released. She now has a new movie called Unstoppable where she shows the struggles and happiness of her family. Hamilton has been in the World Surf League for quite a few years.", "Q111760": "Albert Hoffmann (24 October 1907 in Bremen \u2013 26 August 1972 in Heiligenrode near Bremen) was a German entrepreneur and during the Third Reich the Nazi Gauleiter of Westphalia-South.", "Q360135": "Kang Youwei (Chinese: \u5eb7\u6709\u70ba; Cantonese: H\u014dng Y\u00e1uh-w\u00e0ih; 19 March 1858 \u2013 31 March 1927) was a Chinese philosopher and politician. He was also a noted calligrapher and prominent political thinker and reformer of the late Qing dynasty. Through his connections, he became close to the young Guangxu Emperor and fervently encouraged him to promote his friends and consequently soured the relationship between the emperor and his adoptive mother, the powerful Empress Dowager Cixi. His ideas inspired a reformation movement. Although he continued to advocate a constitutional monarchy after the founding of the Republic, Kang's political theory was never put into practice as he was forced to flee China for repeated attempts to assassinate the Empress Dowager Cixi. He was an ardent Chinese nationalist and internationalist.", "Q235108": "Karin Inger Monica Nilsson (born 4 May 1959) is a Swedish actress and singer. She is a former child actress. She is primarily known for her portrayal of Pippi Longstocking in the Swedish-produced TV series of the same name during 1969 which was compiled, re-dubbed into German and later also in English and many other languages, and released as two feature films in 1969. In 1970, she reprised her role of Pippi in two subsequent feature films. She currently works as a secretary in Stockholm, occasionally taking small stage roles.", "Q74664": "Paul Eltzbacher (18 February 1868 \u2013 25 October 1928) was a Jewish German law professor.\nEltzbacher was born in Cologne. From 1890 to 1895 he was a junior lawyer for the regional court districts of Cologne and Frankfurt (Germany), with a year off in 1891-92 for military service. By 1899 he had attained his doctorate and set about writing a treatise upon the subject of anarchism, for which he was made a professor in 1906. After this point he limited his opinions to the area of civil rights with respect to commercial law. However, it is for his earlier writings upon the subject of anarchism that he is known today.\nAfter World War I Eltzbacher was an adherent to Bolshevism. He suggested in his work \"Der Bolschewismus und die deutsche Zukunft\" (1919) that Germany's interests would be best served by adopting a Bolshevik regime. As a member of the Reichstag, Eltzbacher argued in April 1919 for complete state ownership without compensation. The Deutsche Tageszeitung newspaper dubbed Eltzbacher's new theory as National Bolshevism. Paul Eltzbacher was a brother of the author Ellis Barker, who emigrated to Great Britain and gained fame and influence as one of the most active haters of his German homeland. He died in Berlin, aged 60.", "Q370326": "Eraser is a 1996 American action film directed by Chuck Russell and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, James Caan, James Coburn, Robert Pastorelli and Vanessa L. Williams. The film follows a U.S Marshal of WITSEC who protects a senior operative testifying about an illegal arms deal and is forced to fight his former allies when one of the players is revealed to be a mole inside WITSEC.\nThe film was a commercial success, grossing over $242 million against a budget of $100 million. It received mixed reviews from critics, but they praised Williams and Schwarzenegger's performances, the action sequences and the visual effects. It was released in the United States on June 21, 1996 and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Sound Effects Editing in 1997. It was also one of the first major films released on DVD, being part of the Japanese launch lineup of Warner Home Video's debut of the format on December 20, 1996.", "Q967922": "Joseph Michael Kerrigan (16 December 1884 \u2013 29 April 1964), better known as J. M. Kerrigan, was an Irish character actor.", "Q562579": "Thomas Russell Crampton, MICE, MIMechE (6 August 1816 \u2013 19 April 1888) was an English engineer born at Broadstairs, Kent, and trained on Brunel's Great Western Railway.\nHe is best known for designing the Crampton locomotive but had many engineering interests including the electric telegraph and the Channel Tunnel for which he designed a boring machine. His locomotives had much better success in France, Germany and Italy than they did in the UK.", "Q2118763": "George Neilson Patterson (born 19 August 1920 in Falkirk, died at Auchlochan, Lesmahagow, 28 December 2012) also known as Khampa Gyau (bearded Khampa in Tibetan) and Patterson of Tibet, was a Scottish engineer and missionary who served as medical officer and diplomatic representative of the Tibetan resistance movement during the Chinese invasion of Tibet.\nHe was married to the surgeon Meg Patterson.", "Q145331": "Zamaana Deewana (English: Crazy Times) is a 1995 Bollywood comedy film, produced by G. P. Sippy under the Sippy Films banner and directed by Ramesh Sippy. It stars Shahrukh Khan, Raveena Tandon in the pivotal roles along with Jeetendra, Shatrughan Sinha playing their parents, respectively and music composed by Nadeem-Shravan. The film is recorded as a disaster at the box office.\n\n", "Q472018": "Seventeen Moments of Spring (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b, romanized: Semnadtsat' mgnoveniy vesny) is a 1973 Soviet twelve-part television series, directed by Tatyana Lioznova and based on the novel of the same title by Yulian Semyonov.\nThe series portrays the exploits of Maxim Isaev, a Soviet spy operating in Nazi Germany under the name Max Otto von Stierlitz, portrayed by Vyacheslav Tikhonov. Stierlitz is planted in 1927, well before the Nazi takeover of pre-war Germany. He then enlists in the NSDAP and rises through the ranks, becoming an important Nazi foreign intelligence officer. He recruits several agents from among dissident German intellectuals and persecuted clergy, and operates through the agent network. Stierlitz discovers, and later schemes to disrupt, the secret negotiations between Karl Wolff and Allen Dulles taking place in Switzerland, aimed at forging a separate peace between Germany and the western Allies. Meanwhile, the Gestapo under Heinrich M\u00fcller searches for the unidentified Soviet resident spy and his ring. In order to avoid capture Stierlitz cunningly manoeuvres among powerful Nazis, and pulls the strings of his network.\nThe series is considered the most successful Soviet espionage thriller ever made, and is one of the most popular television series in Soviet history. Two songs from the series, \"Moments\" and \"The Song on the Far-away Homeland\", became very popular.", "Q622683": "The University of Graz (German: Karl-Franzens-Universit\u00e4t Graz), located in Graz, Austria, is the largest and oldest university in Styria, as well as the second-largest and second-oldest university in Austria.\nThe university was founded in 1585 by Archduke Charles II of Austria. The bull of 1 January 1586, published on 15 April 1586, was approved by Pope Sixtus V. For most of its existence it was controlled by the Catholic Church, and was closed in 1782 by Emperor Joseph II in an attempt to gain state control over educational institutions. Joseph II transformed it into a lyceum, where civil servants and medical personnel were trained. In 1827 it was re-instituted as a university by Emperor Francis I, thus gaining the name Karl-Franzens-Universit\u00e4t, meaning Charles Francis University. Over 30,000 students are currently enrolled at the university.\nThe university is divided into six faculties, the two largest are the Faculty of Arts and Humanities and the Faculty of Natural Sciences. The other faculties are the Faculty of Law; the Faculty of Business, Economic and Social sciences; the Faculty of Environmental, Regional and Educational Sciences; and the Faculty of Catholic Theology. The Faculty of Medicine was separated from the university by state legislation in 2004 and became an independent university \u2013 the Medical University of Graz. The faculties offer a wide range of undergraduate (BA, BSc), graduate (MA, MSc), and doctoral degree (PhD) programmes, as well as special teaching degrees in their specific areas of expertise.\nSince its re-installation, the university has been home to many internationally renowned scientists and thinkers. Ludwig Boltzmann was professor at the university twice, first from 1869 to 1873 and then from 1876 to 1890, while he was developing his statistical theory of heat. Nobel Laureate Otto Loewi taught at the university from 1909 till 1938 and Victor Franz Hess (Nobel prize 1936) graduated in Graz and taught there from 1920 to 1931 and from 1937 to 1938. The physicist Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger briefly was chancellor of the university in 1936.\nThe University of Graz does not have a distinct faculty of engineering, however, Graz University of Technology, which is focused on engineering and technology, offers inter-university undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in cooperation with the university's Faculty of Natural Sciences under the name \"NAWI Graz\". The main intention behind the cooperation was to avoid duplication of efforts and infrastructure, especially in cost-intensive subjects such as chemistry, industrial chemistry, physics, and geosciences, as both universities are located in close proximity to each other. Students enrolled in one of these programmes attend lectures and seminars at both universities and are awarded a combined degree at the end of their studies.\nBecause of the university's geographical location close to the Slovenian border and the two major Slovenian cities, Maribor and Ljubljana, it has traditionally attracted many students from Slovenia and served as a gateway to South-East Europe for Austrian scholars, scientists and businesses. The establishment of the Department for Slovene Language and Literature at the University of Graz, for example, laid the foundation for scholarly studies of Slovenian culture, literature, and language bundled in the so-called Slovene studies.In June 2019, the University was implicated in a breach of confidentiality and defamation lawsuit in The Netherlands. A Graz professor of Applied Linguistics, Ineke Mennen, conspired to defame an applicant to the role of Professor English Linguistics at Leiden University. A letter on Graz University's letterhead was submitted illegally by Professor Mennen to Leiden University, which led to Leiden University being convicted in the High Court, in the Hague.", "Q433722": "Mahulena Bo\u010danov\u00e1 (born 18 March 1967 in Prague) is a Czech actress and presenter. Since 2008 she works for \u010cRo1 Radio\u017eurn\u00e1l, a Czech radio-journal.", "Q26644": "What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? is a 1962 American psychological horror thriller film produced and directed by Robert Aldrich and starring Bette Davis and Joan Crawford. The plot concerns an aging former actress who holds her paraplegic ex-movie star sister captive in an old Hollywood mansion. The screenplay by Lukas Heller is based on the novel What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? by Henry Farrell. Upon the film's release, it was met with widespread critical and box office acclaim and was later nominated for five Academy Awards, winning one for Best Costume Design, Black and White.\nThe intensely bitter Hollywood rivalry between the film's two stars, Davis and Crawford, was heavily important to the film's initial success. This in part led to the revitalization of the careers of the two stars. In the years after release, critics continued to acclaim the film for its psychologically driven black comedy, camp, and creation of the psycho-biddy subgenre. The film's novel and controversial plot meant that it originally received an X rating in the UK. Because of the appeal of the film's stars, Dave Itzkoff in The New York Times has identified it as being a \"cult classic\". In 2003 the character of Baby Jane Hudson was ranked No. 44 on the American Film Institute's list of the 50 Best Villains of American Cinema.", "Q76073": "Dieter Schuh (German: [\u0283u\u02d0]; born 1942) is a German Tibetologist, entrepreneur and politician.", "Q82694": "Giovanni Bona (1609\u20131674) was an Italian Cistercian, cardinal, liturgist and devotional author.", "Q66260": "Gunter d'Alquen (24 October 1910 \u2013 15 May 1998) was chief editor of the SS weekly Das Schwarze Korps (\"The Black Corps\"), the official newspaper of the Schutzstaffel (SS), and commander of the SS-Standarte Kurt Eggers.", "Q20235": "Franz \"Franzl\" Lang (28 December 1930 \u2013 6 December 2015), known as the Yodel King (German: Jodlerk\u00f6nig), was an alpine yodeller from Bavaria, Germany.\nLang also sang and played the guitar and the accordion and was the author of several books on yodelling. Lang\u2019s genre is German folk music; he typically sang in the Bavarian dialect of the rural Alpine regions.", "Q839692": "Frank Rossavik (born 21 December 1965) is a Norwegian journalist and writer.\nRossavik graduated from the University of Bergen in 1986 with a bachelor's degree in comparative politics. In 2004 he took the master's degree in international politics from the Centre Europ\u00e9en de Recherches Internationales et Strat\u00e9giques. He worked as a journalist in Rogalands Avis from 1987 to 1988, before being hired as press secretary for the Socialist Left Party. He left in 1990. He worked as a journalist in Bladet Troms\u00f8 in 1990 and V\u00e5rt Land from 1991 to 1992, and then as information director in the European Movement Norway from 1992 to 1995 and information consultant in Gambit the next year. He worked as a journalist in Bergens Tidende from 1996 to 2009, and then became an editor in Morgenbladet. In 2012 he returned to Bergens Tidende, where he became political editor i 2013. Since 1 January 2016 he works as a chief foreign affairs commentator for Aftenposten.\nHe has written seven books, including the 2007 biography on Einar F\u00f8rde for which he won the Brage Prize.", "Q66506": "Lupsingen is a municipality in the district of Liestal in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q187702": "The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Greek: \u039d\u03b1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5, Latin: Ecclesia Sancti Sepulchri, Hebrew: \u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05d1\u05e8\u200e, Arabic: \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u200e) is a church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. The church contains, according to traditions dating back to at least the fourth century, the two holiest sites in Christianity: the site where Jesus was crucified, at a place known as Calvary or Golgotha, and Jesus's empty tomb, where he was buried and resurrected. The tomb is enclosed by a 19th-century shrine called the Aedicula. The Status Quo, an understanding between religious communities dating to 1757, applies to the site.\n\nWithin the church proper are the last four (or, by some definitions, five) stations of the Via Dolorosa, representing the final episodes of the Passion of Jesus. The church has been a major Christian pilgrimage destination since its creation in the fourth century, as the traditional site of the resurrection of Christ, thus its original Greek name, Church of the Anastasis ('Resurrection').\nToday, the wider complex around the Church of the Holy Sepulchre also serves as the headquarters of the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem, while control of the church itself is shared among several Christian denominations and secular entities in complicated arrangements essentially unchanged for over 160 years, and some for much longer. The main denominations sharing property over parts of the church are the Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Armenian Apostolic, and to a lesser degree the Coptic Orthodox, Syriac Orthodox and Ethiopian Orthodox.", "Q69635": "Wassen is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.", "Q809037": "Barry Joseph Goldberg (born December 25, 1942) is a blues and rock keyboardist, songwriter, and record producer.", "Q76715": "Berthold Auerbach (28 February 1812 \u2013 8 February 1882) was a German-Jewish poet and author. He was the founder of the German \"tendency novel\", in which fiction is used as a means of influencing public opinion on social, political, moral, and religious questions.", "Q463673": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin (; born August 25, 1931) is an American media personality, actor, and singer, known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s. After graduating from the University of Notre Dame, he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for The Tonight Show in the 1950s. Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show.\nSometimes called (alternatively attributed to James Brown) \"the hardest working man in show business\", Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most hours on US television. His trademarks include his excited manner, his New York accent, his wit, and his irreverent ad-libs.\nPhilbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988, which became Live! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001, and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin's departure in 2011.Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, Million Dollar Password, and the first season of America's Got Talent.", "Q800": "Costa Rica (, US: (listen); Spanish: [\u02c8kosta \u02c8rika]; literally \"Rich Coast\"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de Costa Rica), is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of around 5 million in a land area of 51,060 square kilometers (19,714 square miles). An estimated 333,980 people live in the capital and largest city, San Jos\u00e9, with around 2 million people in the surrounding metropolitan area.The sovereign state is a unitary presidential constitutional republic. It is known for its long-standing and stable democracy, and for its highly educated workforce, most of whom speak English. The country spends roughly 6.9% of its budget (2016) on education, compared to a global average of 4.4%. Its economy, once heavily dependent on agriculture, has diversified to include sectors such as finance, corporate services for foreign companies, pharmaceuticals, and ecotourism. Many foreign manufacturing and services companies operate in Costa Rica's Free Trade Zones (FTZ) where they benefit from investment and tax incentives.Costa Rica was sparsely inhabited by indigenous peoples before coming under Spanish rule in the 16th century. It remained a peripheral colony of the empire until independence as part of the First Mexican Empire, followed by membership in the United Provinces of Central America, from which it formally declared independence in 1847. Following the brief Costa Rican Civil War in 1948, it permanently abolished its army in 1949, becoming one of only a few sovereign nations without a standing army.The country has consistently performed favorably in the Human Development Index (HDI), placing 68th in the world as of 2019, and fifth in Latin America. It has also been cited by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) as having attained much higher human development than other countries at the same income levels, with a better record on human development and inequality than the median of the region.Costa Rica also has progressive environmental policies. It is the only country to meet all five UNDP criteria established to measure environmental sustainability. It was ranked 42nd in the world, and third in the Americas, in the 2016 Environmental Performance Index, and was twice ranked the best performing country in the New Economics Foundation's (NEF) Happy Planet Index, which measures environmental sustainability, and was identified by the NEF as the greenest country in the world in 2009. Costa Rica plans to become a carbon-neutral country by 2021. By 2019, 99.62% of its electricity was generated from green sources particularly hydro, wind, geothermal and solar.", "Q10490": "Ayrton Senna da Silva (Brazilian Portuguese: [a\u02c8i\u0281t\u00f5 \u02c8s\u1ebdn\u0250 d\u0250 \u02c8siwv\u0250] (listen); 21 March 1960 \u2013 1 May 1994) was a Brazilian racing driver who won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship in 1988, 1990 and 1991, and who is widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers of all time. He died in an accident while leading the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix whilst driving for Williams Racing.Senna began his motorsport career in karting, moved up to open-wheel racing in 1981, and won the 1983 British Formula Three Championship. He made his Formula One debut with Toleman-Hart in 1984, before moving to Lotus-Renault the following year and winning six Grands Prix over the next three seasons. In 1988, he joined Frenchman Alain Prost at McLaren-Honda. Between them, they won all but one of the 16 Grands Prix that year, and Senna claimed his first World Championship. Prost claimed the championship in 1989, and Senna his second and third championships in 1990 and 1991. In 1992, the Williams-Renault combination began to dominate Formula One. Senna nonetheless managed to finish the 1993 season as runner-up, winning five races and negotiating a move to Williams in 1994.\nSenna has often been voted as the best and most influential Formula One driver of all time in various motorsport polls. He was recognised for his qualifying speed over one lap, and from 1989 until 2006 he held the record for most pole positions. He was also acclaimed for his wet weather performances, such as the 1984 Monaco Grand Prix, the 1985 Portuguese Grand Prix, and the 1993 European Grand Prix. He holds a record six victories at the Monaco Grand Prix, and is the fifth-most successful driver of all time in terms of race wins. Senna courted controversy throughout his career, particularly during his turbulent rivalry with Prost. In the Japanese Grands Prix of 1989 and 1990, each of which decided the championship of that year, collisions between Senna and Prost determined the eventual winner.\n\n", "Q324011": "The Best Offer (Italian: La migliore offerta \u2013 entitled Deception in the UK) is a 2013 English-language Italian psychological thriller film written and directed by Giuseppe Tornatore. The film stars Geoffrey Rush, Jim Sturgess, Sylvia Hoeks, and Donald Sutherland. The music score was composed by Ennio Morricone.\n\n", "Q433044": "Dame Florence Marjorie Wilcox, (n\u00e9e Robertson; 20 October 1904 \u2013 3 June 1986), known professionally as Anna Neagle, was an English stage and film actress, singer and dancer.\n\nShe was a successful box-office draw in the British cinema for 20 years and was voted the most popular star in Britain in 1949. She was known for providing glamour and sophistication to war-torn London audiences with her lightweight musicals, comedies and historical dramas. Almost all of her films were produced and directed by Herbert Wilcox, whom she married in 1943.\nIn her historical dramas Anna Neagle was renowned for her portrayals of British historical figures, including Nell Gwynn (Nell Gwynn, 1934), Queen Victoria (Victoria the Great, 1937 and Sixty Glorious Years, 1938) and Edith Cavell (Nurse Edith Cavell, 1939).", "Q3089435": "The Maserati Brothers were involved with automobiles from the beginning of the 20th century. They were born to Rodolfo Maserati and his wife Carolina in Voghera, Lombardy, Italy. Rodolfo was a railway worker from Piacenza, driving a heavy Krupp locomotive, and married Carolina Losi. They had seven sons in total, but only six reached adulthood, as Alfieri I was only 1 year old when he died. After the death of Alfieri I, the next son to be born was also named Alfieri. Alfieri, along with the remaining five brothers, Carlo, Bindo, Mario, Ettore and Ernesto, contributed to the sports luxury automobile manufacturer Maserati in one way or another.The Maserati brothers were:\n\nCarlo (1881\u20131910)\nBindo (1883\u20131980)\nAlfieri I (1885\u20131886)\nAlfieri II (23 September 1887\u20133 March 1932)\nMario (1890\u20131981), painter and artist based in Bologna, Milano and Novi Ligure\nEttore (1894\u20134 August 1990)\nErnesto (4 August 1898\u20131 December 1975)A memorial plaque for Alfieri II was placed at their birthplace in 1987. Since 1989, the istituto tecnico of Voghera has added Alfieri II to his official name, to become Istituto Tecnico Industriale di Voghera \"Alfieri Maserati\" Also, the city of Bologna has a street named Via Maserati.", "Q2790764": "\u00c9tienne Dormoy (Vandoncourt, France, 10 February 1885 \u2013 San Diego, USA, 28 February 1959) was an aeronautical engineer and a designer of aircraft.", "Q26122": "William Lamar Beane III (born March 29, 1962) is a former American professional baseball player and current front office executive. He is the executive vice president of baseball operations and minority owner of the Oakland Athletics of Major League Baseball (MLB); he is also minority owner of Barnsley FC of the EFL Championship in England. From 1984 to 1989 he played in MLB as an outfielder for the New York Mets, Minnesota Twins, Detroit Tigers, and Oakland Athletics. He joined the Athletics' front office as a scout in 1990, was named general manager after the 1997 season, and was promoted to executive vice president after the 2015 season.\nA first-round pick in the MLB draft by the Mets, Beane failed to meet the expectations of scouts, who projected him as a star. In his front-office career, Beane has applied statistical analysis (known as sabermetrics) to baseball, which has led teams to reconsider how they evaluate players. He is the subject of Michael Lewis's 2003 book on baseball economics, Moneyball, which was made into a 2011 film starring Brad Pitt as Beane.\n\n", "Q1338629": "King Charles (born Charles Costa) is a singer-songwriter from West London. He is the son of Ken Costa, the prominent investment banker and UK government special envoy to Saudi Arabia.Charles plays the guitar, piano, and cello. He is also a classically trained singer and performer. He began writing songs when he was 17, and in 2009, he won the International Songwriting Competition by unanimous vote.Charles dropped out of Durham University and returned to London in 2007, where he adopted the pseudonym King Charles, and formed a band, Adventure Playground, which toured with Laura Marling and Noah and the Whale before disbanding in 2008. He has also gone on tour around the UK and The United States alongside Mumford and Sons.\nIn 2009 he became the first ever Brit to win the International Songwriting Competition in Nashville for his song 'Love Lust'. The competition was judged by Tom Waits, Jeff Beck, Loretta Lynn and Jerry Lee Lewis, and following this victory King Charles was signed by Universal Republic/Island.After signing a global contract with Universal Republic through his UK independent label, King Charles recorded his debut album, Loveblood, in Hollywood, CA. It was released on 8 May 2012.", "Q709412": "Manuel \"Manolo\" Saiz Balb\u00e1s (born 16 October 1959 in Torrelavega, Cantabria) is the former team manager of one of the most successful Spanish professional road bicycle racing teams, first called Team ONCE, then Liberty Seguros-W\u00fcrth, Astana-W\u00fcrth, and lastly Astana Team.\nSaiz was a hands-on manager and directeur sportif. He consolidated his riders' training and hired staff to manage their coaching and racing.\nDespite not having a racing background, he nurtured ONCE to become one of the biggest teams. His riders included Frenchman Laurent Jalabert and Swiss Alex Z\u00fclle; both dominated the Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a, each winning the general and other classifications. In 1995 Jalabert achieved the trifecta by winning the general classification along with the points and King of the Mountains.\nSaiz's next riders included Spaniard Abraham Olano, Igor Gonz\u00e1lez de Galdeano and Joseba Beloki. ONCE dominated team time trials in the Tour de France.\nAt the end of the 2003 ONCE discontinued sponsorship, saying penetration was 100% in Spain, meaning every Spaniard knew what ONCE was. Saiz brought Liberty Seguros (the Spanish branch of the US company Liberty Mutual) and W\u00fcrth, a German assembly technology company to be co-sponsor.", "Q437222": "Hallie Todd (born Hallie Jane Eckstein; January 7, 1962) is an American actress, producer and writer, who played Penny Waters on Brothers and Jo McGuire on Lizzie McGuire.", "Q232101": "Rachael Leigh Cook (born October 4, 1979) is an American actress, model and producer. She has starred in the films The Baby-Sitters Club (1995), She's All That (1999), and Josie and the Pussycats (2001), and in the television series Into the West and Perception. She is also the voice behind various characters in Robot Chicken and Tifa Lockhart in the Final Fantasy series, starting with the English version of the film Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children.\n\n", "Q118744": "Harald Parigger, born 1953 in Flensburg, is a German writer. He studied history and German in W\u00fcrzburg. He became a secondary school teacher and later worked at the House of Bavarian History in Munich. He has written a number of academic essays, poems, plays, short stories and historical novels, mainly for children and young people. His novels include Im Schatten des schwarzen Todes (English- In the shadow of the black death), Der schwarze M\u00f6nch and Der Rubin des K\u00f6nigs.\n\n", "Q263428": "Elizabeth Ann Sheridan (born April 10, 1929) is an American actress. She was born and raised in Rye, New York, the daughter of concert singer Elizabeth Poole-Jones and classical pianist, Frank Sheridan. While best known for her role as Jerry's mother in Seinfeld, her decades-long career is extensive and includes work as a dancer, singer, and actress of stage and screen.", "Q291866": "Domiziana Giordano (born 4 September 1959) is an Italian artist, actress, photographer and video artist. Domiziana has played the lead role in films directed by Nicolas Roeg, Jean-Luc Godard, Andrei Tarkovsky, Mauro Bolognini, Neil Jordan, Ken McMullen and many others.", "Q74102": "Richard Stribeck was a German engineer, after whom the Stribeck Curve is named.", "Q13199": "Romansh (; sometimes also spelled Romansch, Rumantsch, or Romanche; Romansh: rumantsch, rum\u00e0ntsch, romauntsch or romontsch) is a Romance language spoken predominantly in the southeastern Swiss canton of Grisons (Graub\u00fcnden). Romansh has been recognized as a national language of Switzerland since 1938, and as an official language in correspondence with Romansh-speaking citizens since 1996, along with German, French and Italian. It also has official status in the canton of Grisons alongside German and Italian and is used as the medium of instruction in schools in Romansh-speaking areas. It is sometimes grouped by linguists with Ladin and Friulian as a Rhaeto-Romance language (retorumantsch), though this is disputed.Romansh is one of the descendant languages of the spoken Latin language of the Roman Empire, which by the 5th century AD replaced the Celtic and Raetic languages previously spoken in the area. Romansh retains a small number of words from these languages. Romansh has also been strongly influenced by German in vocabulary and morphosyntax. The language gradually retreated to its current area over the centuries, being replaced in other areas by Alemannic and Bavarian dialects. The earliest writing identified as Romansh dates from the 10th or 11th century, although major works did not appear until the 16th century, when several regional written varieties began to develop. During the 19th century the area where the language was spoken declined, but the Romansh speakers had a literary revival and started a language movement dedicated to halting the decline of the language.In the 2000 Swiss census, 35,095 people (of whom 27,038 live in the canton of Grisons) indicated Romansh as the language of \"best command\", and 61,815 as a \"regularly spoken\" language. In 2010, Switzerland switched to a yearly system of assessment that uses a combination of municipal citizen records and a limited number of surveys.As of 2017, they make up 44,354 inhabitants of Switzerland, or 0.85% of its population, and 28,698 inhabitants of the canton of Grisons, or 14.7% of Grisons' population.About 28% of the Romansh-speaking people in the Romansh-speaking areas also speak one other language fluently, e.g. German or Italian, which are the other official languages of Grisons.Romansh is divided into five different regional dialects (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Put\u00e8r, and Vallader), each with its own standardized written language. In addition, a pan-regional variety called Rumantsch Grischun was introduced in 1982, which is controversial among Romansh speakers.", "Q9794": "Reggae () is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its diaspora. A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals, \"Do the Reggay\" was the first popular song to use the word \"reggae\", effectively naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. While sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to most types of popular Jamaican dance music, the term reggae more properly denotes a particular music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento as well as American jazz and rhythm and blues, especially the New Orleans R&B practiced by Fats Domino and Allen Toussaint, and evolved out of the earlier genres ska and rocksteady. Reggae usually relates news, social gossip, and political commentary. Reggae spread into a commercialized jazz field, being known first as \"rudie blues\", then \"ska\", later \"blue beat\", and \"rock steady\". It is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat and the offbeat rhythm section. The immediate origins of reggae were in ska and rocksteady; from the latter, reggae took over the use of the bass as a percussion instrument.Reggae is deeply linked to Rastafari, an Afrocentric religion which developed in Jamaica in the 1930s, aiming at promoting Pan Africanism. Soon after the Rastafarian movement appeared, the international popularity of reggae music became associated with and increased the visibility of Rastafarianism spreading the Rastafari gospel throughout the world. Reggae music is an important means of transporting vital messages of Rastafarianism. The musician becomes the messenger, and as Rastafarians see it, \"the soldier and the musician are tools for change.\"Stylistically, reggae incorporates some of the musical elements of rhythm and blues, jazz, mento (a celebratory, rural folk form that served its largely rural audience as dance music and an alternative to the hymns and adapted chanteys of local church singing), calypso, and also draws influence from traditional African folk rhythms. One of the most easily recognizable elements is offbeat rhythms; staccato chords played by a guitar or piano (or both) on the offbeats of the measure. The tempo of reggae is usually slower paced than both ska and rocksteady. The concept of call and response can be found throughout reggae music. The genre of reggae music is led by the drum and bass. Some key players in this sound are Jackie Jackson from Toots and the Maytals, Carlton Barrett from Bob Marley and the Wailers, Lloyd Brevett from The Skatalites, Paul Douglas from Toots and the Maytals, Lloyd Knibb from The Skatalites, Winston Grennan, Sly Dunbar, and Anthony \"Benbow\" Creary from The Upsetters. The bass guitar often plays the dominant role in reggae. The bass sound in reggae is thick and heavy, and equalized so the upper frequencies are removed and the lower frequencies emphasized. The guitar in reggae usually plays on the offbeat of the rhythm. It is common for reggae to be sung in Jamaican Patois, Jamaican English, and Iyaric dialects. Reggae is noted for its tradition of social criticism and religion in its lyrics, although many reggae songs discuss lighter, more personal subjects, such as love and socializing.\nReggae has spread to many countries across the world, often incorporating local instruments and fusing with other genres. Reggae en Espa\u00f1ol spread from the Spanish-speaking Central American country of Panama to the mainland South American countries of Venezuela and Guyana then to the rest of South America. Caribbean music in the United Kingdom, including reggae, has been popular since the late 1960s, and has evolved into several subgenres and fusions. Many reggae artists began their careers in the UK, and there have been a number of European artists and bands drawing their inspiration directly from Jamaica and the Caribbean community in Europe. Reggae in Africa was boosted by the visit of Bob Marley to Zimbabwe in 1980. In Jamaica, authentic reggae is one of the biggest sources of income.", "Q714325": "Max Richter (; German: [\u02c8\u0281\u026a\u00e7t\u0250]; born 22 March 1966) is a German-born British composer within postminimalism and in the meeting of contemporary classical and alternative popular musical styles since the early 2000s. Richter is classically trained, having graduated in composition from the Royal Academy of Music, and studied with Luciano Berio in Italy.Richter also composes music for stage, opera, ballet and screen. He has also collaborated with other musicians, as well as with performance, installation and media artists. He has recorded eight solo albums and his music is widely used in cinema.As of December 2019, Richter has passed one billion streams and one million album sales.", "Q376031": "Gary Anthony Williams (born March 14, 1966) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian. He provided the voice of Uncle Ruckus on The Boondocks, Yancy Westridge in the video game Alpha Protocol, and Horace Warfield in StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty and StarCraft II: Heart of the Swarm. He appeared on the television series Weeds, Boston Legal, Blue Collar TV and as Abe Kenarban in Malcolm in the Middle. Williams co-founded and is Artistic Director of the L.A. Comedy Shorts film festival in Hollywood, California. He starred alongside Cedric the Entertainer on the TV Land sitcom The Soul Man. He has been a recurring guest on the improv comedy TV series Whose Line Is It Anyway?, and is a regular member of the live improv comedy show The Black Version.", "Q234570": "Harriet Martineau (; 12 June 1802 \u2013 27 June 1876) was a British social theorist and Whig writer, often cited as the first female sociologist.Martineau wrote many books and a multitude of essays from a sociological, holistic, religious, domestic, and perhaps most controversially, feminine perspective. She also translated various works by Auguste Comte, and she earned enough to support herself entirely by her writing, a rare feat for a woman in the Victorian era. \nThe young Princess Victoria enjoyed reading Martineau's publications. She invited Martineau to her coronation in 1838 \u2014 an event which Martineau described in great and amusing detail to her many readers. Martineau said of her own approach to writing: \"when one studies a society, one must focus on all its aspects, including key political, religious, and social institutions\". She believed a thorough societal analysis was necessary to understand women's status under men.\nThe novelist Margaret Oliphant said \"as a born lecturer and politician [Martineau] was less distinctively affected by her sex than perhaps any other, male or female, of her generation\".", "Q5676252": "Harvard-Westlake School is an independent, co-educational university preparatory day school consisting of two campuses located in Los Angeles, California, with approximately 1,600 students enrolled in grades seven through 12. Its two predecessor organizations began as for-profit schools before turning non-profit, and eventually merging. It is not affiliated with Harvard University despite being named after it.\nThe school has two campuses, the middle school campus in Holmby Hills and the high school, or what Harvard-Westlake refers to as their Upper School, in Studio City. It is a member of the G30 Schools group.", "Q9958": "Winifred \"Tim\" Alice Asprey (April 8, 1917 \u2013 October 19, 2007) was an American mathematician and computer scientist. She was one of only around 200 women to earn PhDs in mathematics from American universities during the 1940s, a period of women's underrepresentation in mathematics at this level.\nShe was involved in developing the close contact between Vassar College and IBM that led to the establishment of the first computer science lab at Vassar.", "Q1686330": "Jeffrey Martin Landry (born December 23, 1970) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the Attorney General of Louisiana. On January 11, 2016, he succeeded Buddy Caldwell, the incumbent whom he unseated in the runoff election held on November 21, 2015. Landry is a former U.S. Representative for Louisiana's 3rd congressional district. Landry is a member of the Republican Party.", "Q117463": "\u00c1brah\u00e1m Ganz (born as Abraham Ganz, 6 November 1814, Unter-Embrach, Switzerland - 15 December 1867, Pest, Austria-Hungary) was a Swiss-born Hungarian iron manufacturer, machine and technical engineer, entrepreneur, father of Ganz Works. He was the founder and the manager of the company that he made the flagship of the Hungarian economy in the 19th century. Despite his early death in 1867 the company remained one of the strongest manufacturing enterprise in Austria-Hungary. Many famous engineers worked at Ganz Works inter alia K\u00e1roly Zipernowsky, Ott\u00f3 Bl\u00e1thy, Miksa D\u00e9ri, Andr\u00e1s Mechwart, K\u00e1lm\u00e1n Kand\u00f3, Don\u00e1t B\u00e1nki, J\u00e1nos Csonka and Theodore von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n and several world-famous inventions were done there, like the first railway electric traction, or the invention of the roller mill, the carburetor, the transformer and the B\u00e1nki-Csonka engine.\n\n", "Q185101": "Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c.\u2009275\u2013228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair.\nHamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. Hamilcar retired to Carthage after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. When the Mercenary War burst out in 240 BC, Hamilcar was recalled to command and was instrumental in concluding that conflict successfully. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian expedition to Spain in 237 BC, and for eight years expanded the territory of Carthage in Spain before dying in battle in 228 BC. He may have been responsible for creating the strategy which his son Hannibal implemented in the Second Punic War to bring the Roman Republic close to defeat.", "Q274140": "Ewa Milewicz (born in 1948) is a Polish print journalist currently working for Gazeta Wyborcza.\nMilewicz holds a degree in Law from the University of Warsaw. In 1980, she was active in the Gdansk Shipyards\nas an organizer of the strike committee. She joined the Committee for Social Self-defence KOR in 1980.", "Q73679": "William Trousdale (September 23, 1790 \u2013 March 27, 1872) was an American soldier and politician. He served as Governor of Tennessee from 1849 to 1851, and was United States Minister to Brazil from 1853 to 1857. He fought under Andrew Jackson in the Creek War, the War of 1812 and the Second Seminole War, and commanded the U.S. Fourteenth Infantry in the Mexican\u2013American War. His military exploits earned him the nickname, \"War Horse of Sumner County.\"", "Q350784": "Going Overboard is a 1989 American comedy film directed by Valerie Breiman, and stars Adam Sandler in his film debut, Burt Young, Allen Covert, Billy Zane, Terry Moore, Milton Berle and Billy Bob Thornton in a small role. The film was originally released in 1989, but once Sandler became successful after appearing on Saturday Night Live and in the films Billy Madison and Happy Gilmore, it was given a wider release by Vidmark Entertainment in 1996.\n\n", "Q326612": "Can Togay (Turkish: [\u02c8d\u0292an \u02c8to\u0261aj]; born August 27, 1955), also known as J\u00e1nos Can Togay, is an award-winning Hungarian film director, screenwriter, actor, poet, producer, cultural manager and cultural diplomat.", "Q108543": "Alien 3 (stylized as ALIEN\u00b3) is a 1992 American science fiction horror film directed by David Fincher and written by David Giler, Walter Hill, and Larry Ferguson from a story by Vincent Ward. It stars Sigourney Weaver reprising her role as Ellen Ripley. It is the third installment of the Alien franchise.\nSet right after the events of Aliens, Ripley and an Alien organism are the only survivors of the Colonial Marine spaceship Sulaco's escape pod's crash on a planet housing a penal colony populated by violent male inmates. Additional roles are played by Charles Dance, Brian Glover, Charles S. Dutton, Ralph Brown, Paul McGann, Danny Webb, Lance Henriksen, Holt McCallany, Pete Postlethwaite, and Danielle Edmond.\nThe film faced problems during production, including shooting without a script, with various screenwriters and directors attached. Fincher, in his feature directorial debut, was brought in to direct after a proposed version with Vincent Ward as director was cancelled during pre-production.\nAlien 3 was released on May 22, 1992. While it underperformed at the American box office, it earned over $100 million outside North America. The film received mixed reviews and was regarded as inferior to previous installments. Fincher has since disowned the film, blaming studio interference and deadlines. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, seven Saturn Awards (Best Science Fiction Film, Best Actress for Weaver, Best Supporting Actor for Dutton, Best Direction for Fincher, and Best Writing for Giler, Hill, and Ferguson), a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, and an MTV Movie Award for Best Action Sequence. In 2003, a revised version of the film known as the Assembly Cut was released without Fincher's involvement, and received a warmer reception.A sequel, Alien Resurrection, was released in 1997, with Weaver reprising her role as Ripley in the film.\n\n", "Q919542": "Sir Christian John Storey Bonington, CVO, CBE, DL (born 6 August 1934) is a British mountaineer.\nHis career has included nineteen expeditions to the Himalayas, including four to Mount Everest.", "Q234564": "Erika Jane Christensen (born August 19, 1982) is an American actress and singer whose filmography includes roles in Traffic (2000), Swimfan (2002), The Banger Sisters (2002), The Perfect Score (2004), Flightplan (2005), How to Rob a Bank (2007), The Tortured (2010), and The Case for Christ (2017). For her performance in Traffic, she won the MTV Movie Award for Breakthrough Female Performance and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture along with her co-stars.\nIn 2006, she starred on the short-lived drama series Six Degrees on ABC. From 2010 until its ending in 2015, Christensen starred as Julia Braverman-Graham on the NBC family drama series Parenthood. In 2014, she won a Gracie Award for her performance in the role. Christensen portrayed Betty Beaumontaine on ABC's short-lived crime drama series Wicked City.", "Q376025": "Stanislav Ianevski, born Stanislav Yanevski (Bulgarian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u042f\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 [st\u0250ni\u02c8s\u026baf \u02c8jan\u025bfski]; on 16 May 1985), is a Bulgarian actor who is perhaps best known for playing Viktor Krum in the 2005 fantasy film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.\nYanevski was born in Sofia, Bulgaria, and lived in England for five years, as well as Israel. While attending Mill Hill School in the United Kingdom with fellow Harry Potter actor Harry Melling Ianevski had no particular acting aspirations and was not a drama student. He had only auditioned for Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire after being spotted by Fiona Weir, a casting director who prompted him to attend an acting workshop, which resulted in his casting as Viktor Krum, a Bulgarian character in the Harry Potter series. He was selected from 650 others, most of whom had auditioned in Sofia. He also starred in Hostel: Part II, the sequel to Eli Roth's film Hostel.", "Q2915439": "Hapag-Lloyd Flug (between 2005 and 2007 also marketed as Hapagfly) was a German leisure airline headquartered in Langenhagen, Lower Saxony that was originally founded by Hapag-Lloyd and later became a subsidiary of TUI Group. It operated scheduled and charter passenger flights mainly to holiday resorts in Europe. Its successor is today's TUI fly Deutschland.", "Q7735260": "The French as Seen by... (Les Fran\u00e7ais vus par... in French) was the title and subject of a series of five short films by notable directors. It was initiated and sponsored by the newspaper Le Figaro, as part of the 1988 celebration of the tenth anniversary of its magazine section. The directors and films produced were:\n\nWerner Herzog - Les Gaulois\nDavid Lynch - The Cowboy and the Frenchman\nAndrzej Wajda - Proust contre la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance\nLuigi Comencini - P\u00e8lerinage \u00e0 Agen\nJean-Luc Godard - Le dernier mot", "Q101201": "Fritz Theilen (27 September 1927 \u2013 18 April 2012) was a German member of the anti-Nazi resistance group the Edelwei\u00dfpiraten during World War II. Born to working-class parents, he joined the Deutsches Jungvolk division of the Hitler Youth in 1937, and was excluded for resisting orders in 1940. He started an apprenticeship at the local Ford Motor Company auto plant in 1941. In 1942 he joined the Edelwei\u00dfpiraten. He was imprisoned at the Gestapo's Cologne headquarters\u2014the EL-DE Haus\u2014in 1943. After managing to escape from prison, he survived in the underground until 1945. Ford only re-employed him after the British occupation force exerted pressure on the company's management.", "Q85689": "Tala Birell (10 September 1907 \u2013 17 February 1958) was a Romanian-American stage and film actress.", "Q38308": "Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath, KG, PC (13 September 1734 \u2013 19 November 1796), of Longleat in Wiltshire, was a British politician who held office under King George III. He served as Southern Secretary, Northern Secretary and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Between 1751 and 1789, he was known as the 3rd Viscount Weymouth. He is possibly best known for his role in the Falklands Crisis of 1770.", "Q352193": "John Garvin Weir (born July 2, 1984) is an American figure skater, fashion designer, and television commentator. He is a two-time Olympian, the 2008 World bronze medalist, a two-time Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, the 2001 World Junior Champion, and a three-time U.S. national champion (2004\u20132006). He is also known for his sports commentary with Tara Lipinski, as well as his work in LGBTQ activism.\n\n", "Q69621": "Binningen (Swiss German: Binnige) is a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland. It is nestled in a valley, on a plateau, and on two hills overlooking the city of Basel.\n\n", "Q11942": "ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich; German: Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Z\u00fcrich; French: \u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Zurich; Italian: Politecnico federale di Zurigo) is a public research university in the city of Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland. Founded by the Swiss Federal Government in 1854 with the stated mission to educate engineers and scientists, the school focuses exclusively on science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Like its sister institution EPFL, it is part of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain (ETH Domain), part of the Swiss Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research.In the 2020 edition of the QS World University Rankings ETH Zurich is ranked 6th in the world, and 2nd in Europe and 13th by the Times Higher Education World Rankings 2018. In the 2019 QS World University Rankings by subject it is ranked 3rd in the world for engineering and technology (1st in Europe) and 1st for Earth & Marine Science.As of November 2019, 21 Nobel laureates, 2 Fields Medalists, 2 Pritzker Prize winners, and 1 Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the Institute, including Albert Einstein. It is a founding member of the IDEA League and the International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU) and a member of the CESAER network.", "Q180079": "Harry Edwin Strom (July 7, 1914 \u2013 October 2, 1984) was the ninth Premier of Alberta, Canada, from 1968 to 1971. His two-and-a-half years as Premier were the last of the thirty-six-year Social Credit dynasty, as his defeat by Peter Lougheed saw its replacement by a new era Progressive Conservative government. He is remembered as an honest, decent man who lacked the political skills of his predecessor, Ernest Manning, or of Lougheed.\nAlberta's first native-born Premier, Strom was born in Burdett, Alberta. He worked most of his young adult life on the family farm, and was also actively involved in his church. After a stint in municipal politics, he ran for the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in the 1955 provincial election, and was elected. In 1962, Manning appointed him to his cabinet as Minister of Agriculture, a position he held until 1967 when he was appointed Minister of Municipal Affairs. When Manning decided to resign in 1968, Strom became a candidate to succeed him, and finished on top of a six candidate field.\nAs Premier, Strom undertook a number of initiatives, especially in education and youth-related fields, but was politically ineffective. He lacked both charisma and an overriding sense of purpose, and his government gradually lost popularity. In the 1971 election, his government was handily defeated by Lougheed's Progressive Conservatives. Strom served as opposition leader for two years, but soon relinquished the position and did not seek re-election in 1975. After leaving politics, Strom returned to farming. He died in 1984.", "Q271038": "Tamzin Merchant (born 4 March 1987) is an English actress, best known for her roles as Georgiana Darcy in the film Pride & Prejudice (2005), as Catherine Howard in the Showtime series The Tudors (2009\u20132010) and as Anne Hale in the WGN America series Salem (2014\u20132017). She was educated at Homerton College, Cambridge, where she studied Education Studies.", "Q266544": "Charles Michael \"Chuck\" Schuldiner (May 13, 1967 \u2013 December 13, 2001) was an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He founded the band Death in 1983 and was their lead vocalist until his death in 2001. His obituary in the January 5, 2002 issue of UK's Kerrang! magazine said that \"Chuck Schuldiner was one of the most significant figures in the history of metal.\" Schuldiner was ranked No. 10 in Joel McIver's book The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists in 2009 and No. 20 in March 2004 Guitar World's \"The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists\". Schuldiner founded the publishing company Mutilation Music in 1987, affiliated with performance rights organization BMI. Schuldiner died in 2001 of brain cancer.Schuldiner is often referred to as \"The Godfather of death metal\", although he was \"uncomfortable\" with this nickname, remarking that \"I don't think I should take the credits for this death metal stuff. I'm just a guy from a band, and I think Death is a metal band.\"", "Q1702742": "Vadim Petrovich Kuzmin (March 19, 1964, Novosibirsk \u2013 November 19, 2012, Voronezh) was a Russian musician, the leader of rock-band Chyorniy Lukich. \nHe started his musical activities in 1986 when founded the rock band \"Spinki menta\". The band became a member of Novosibirsk rock-club and participated in the First Novosibirsk Rock-Festival. He was in contact with other leaders of rock movement, Yanka Dyagileva and Yegor Letov. In 1988 he recorded his first albums in Omsk. In 1990 Kuzmin's band became the band of the Year in Novosibirsk.Since 2006 Kuzmin with his family lived in Voronezh.", "Q814": "Nicole Natalie Marrow (n\u00e9e Austin) (born March 17, 1979), commonly known as Coco Austin, Coco, Coco Marie Austin, Coco Marie, Coco-T, is an American actress, dancer, glamour model, and web personality. She has been married to rapper-actor Ice-T (n\u00e9 Tracy Marrow) since January 2002.\n\n", "Q85851": "Dorothee B\u00e4r (n\u00e9e Mantel, born 19 April 1978) is a German politician of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU).", "Q268569": "Mireille Darc (French: [mi\u0281\u025bj da\u0281k]; 15 May 1938 \u2013 28 August 2017) was a French model and actress. She was Alain Delon's longtime co-star and companion. She appeared as a lead character in Jean-Luc Godard's 1967 film Weekend. Darc was a Knight of the Legion of Honour and Commander of the National Order of Merit.", "Q3014270": "Daniel Kottke () was a college friend of Steve Jobs and one of the first employees of Apple Inc.", "Q462579": "F\u00e9licien Marceau (16 September 1913 \u2013 7 March 2012) was a French novelist, playwright and essayist originally from Belgium. His real name was Louis Carette. He was close to the Hussards right-wing literary movement, which in turn was close to the monarchist movement . He was born in Kortenberg, Flemish Brabant.Marceau received the Prix Goncourt for his book Creezy (ISBN 0714507083) in 1969. On 27 November 1975 he was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise, succeeding Marcel Achard. In 1974, Goudji created the academician's sword for F\u00e9licien Marceau.", "Q60163": "Leo von Klenze (Franz Karl Leopold von Klenze; 29 February 1784, Buchladen (Bockelah / Bocla) near Schladen \u2013 26 January 1864, Munich) was a German neoclassicist architect, painter and writer. Court architect of Bavarian King Ludwig I, Leo von Klenze was one of the most prominent representatives of Greek revival style.", "Q1400853": "See portrait for more about the general topic of portraits.\nPortrait painting is a genre in painting, where the intent is to represent a specific human subject. The term 'portrait painting' can also describe the actual painted portrait. Portraitists may create their work by commission, for public and private persons, or they may be inspired by admiration or affection for the subject. Portraits often serve as important state and family records, as well as remembrances.\nHistorically, portrait paintings have primarily memorialized the rich and powerful. Over time, however, it became more common for middle-class patrons to commission portraits of their families and colleagues. Today, portrait paintings are still commissioned by governments, corporations, groups, clubs, and individuals. In addition to painting, portraits can also be made in other media such as prints (including etching and lithography), photography, video and digital media.\n\nIt might seem obvious that a painted portrait is intended to achieve a likeness of the sitter that is recognisable to those who have seen them, and ideally is a very good record of their appearance. In fact this concept has been slow to grow, and it took centuries for artists in different traditions to acquire the distinct skills for painting a good likeness.", "Q364421": "Morgan Valentine Spurlock (born November 7, 1970) is an American documentary filmmaker, humorist, television producer, screenwriter and playwright.\nSpurlock's films include Super Size Me (2004), Where in the World Is Osama bin Laden? (2008), POM Wonderful Presents: The Greatest Movie Ever Sold (2011), Comic-Con Episode IV: A Fan's Hope (2011), One Direction: This Is Us (2013) and Super Size Me 2 (2017). He was the executive producer and star of the reality television series 30 Days (2005\u20132008). In June 2013, Spurlock became host and producer of the CNN show Morgan Spurlock Inside Man (2013\u20132016). He is also the co-founder of short-film content marketing company Cinelan, which produced the Focus Forward campaign for GE.", "Q103416": "Antje Schmidt (born 1967) is a German actress. She appeared in more than sixty films since 1989.\n\n", "Q271986": "Kathryn Hahn (born July 23, 1973) is an American actress and comedian. She began her career on television, playing Lily Lebowski in the NBC crime drama series Crossing Jordan (2001\u201307). Hahn went on to appear as a supporting actress in a number of major comedy films, including roles in the films How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days (2003), Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004), Step Brothers (2008), Our Idiot Brother (2011), We're the Millers (2013), and The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (2013).\nAs a lead actress, Hahn starred in the 2013 comedy-drama film Afternoon Delight, directed by Jill Soloway, and 2018's Private Life, directed by Tamara Jenkins, receiving critical acclaim. She had a starring role in the comedy film Bad Moms (2016), and its sequel, A Bad Moms Christmas (2017). She has also appeared in a number of dramatic films, including Revolutionary Road (2008), This Is Where I Leave You (2014), Tomorrowland (2015), The Visit (2015), and Captain Fantastic (2016). In 2017 she received a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her work in Transparent (2014\u201319).", "Q229535": "Emily Margaret Watson (born 14 January 1967) is an English actress. She began her career on stage and joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1992. In 2002, she starred in productions of Twelfth Night and Uncle Vanya at the Donmar Warehouse, and was nominated for the 2003 Olivier Award for Best Actress for the latter.\nShe was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her debut film role as Bess McNeil in Lars von Trier's Breaking the Waves (1996) and for her role as Jacqueline du Pr\u00e9 in Hilary and Jackie (1998), winning the BIFA Award for Best Actress for the latter.\nHer other films include The Boxer (1997), Angela's Ashes (1999), Gosford Park (2001), Punch-Drunk Love (2002), Red Dragon (2002), The Life and Death of Peter Sellers (2004), Corpse Bride (2005), Miss Potter (2006), Synecdoche, New York (2008), Oranges and Sunshine (2010), War Horse (2011), The Theory of Everything (2014) and Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017). For her role in the HBO miniseries Chernobyl, she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award. She won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for playing Janet Leach in the 2011 ITV television biopic Appropriate Adult.", "Q491397": "Park Sol-mi (born Park Hye-jeong on January 3, 1978) is a South Korean actress.", "Q68259": "Henry V, the Elder of Brunswick (German: Heinrich der \u00c4ltere von Braunschweig; c.\u20091173 \u2013 28 April 1227), a member of the House of Welf, was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1195 until 1213.", "Q82858": "Sigmaringen is a town in southern Germany, in the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. Situated on the upper Danube, it is the capital of the Sigmaringen district.\nSigmaringen is renowned for its castle, Schloss Sigmaringen, which was the seat of the principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen until 1850 and is still owned by the Hohenzollern family.", "Q537222": "Ran Danker (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05df \u05d3\u05e0\u05e7\u05e8\u200e; born Khalil Yosef Danker on January 7, 1984) is an Israeli actor, singer and model. He starred in hit Israeli series such as HaShir Shelanu (2004\u20132007), The Gordin Cell (2012\u20132015), and currently appears in Miguel (2018\u2013present). Danker received an Ophir Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Eyes Wide Open (2009). Danker was also nominated for an Ophir Award for Best Actor for his role in Doubtful (2017).", "Q37985": "Carinthia (German: K\u00e4rnten, German pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u025b\u0281ntn\u0329] (listen); Slovene: Koro\u0161ka, pronunciation ; Italian: Carinzia) is the southernmost Austrian state or Land. Situated within the Eastern Alps, it is noted for its mountains and lakes. The main language is German. Its regional dialects belong to the Southern Bavarian group. Carinthian Slovene dialects, forms of a South Slavic language that predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken by a small minority in the area.\nCarinthia's main industries are tourism, electronics, engineering, forestry, and agriculture. The multinational corporations Philips, Infineon Technologies and Siemens have large operations there.", "Q250790": "Angela Strehli (born November 22, 1945, Lubbock, Texas, United States) is an American electric blues singer and songwriter. She is also a Texas blues historian and impresario. Despite a sporadic recording career, Strehli spends time each year performing in Europe, the US and Canada.", "Q876191": "Peekskill, officially the City of Peekskill, is a city in Westchester County, New York. Peekskill is situated on a bay along the east side of the Hudson River, across from Jones Point. The population was 23,583 during the 2010 census.\nThe area was an early American industrial center, primarily for iron plow and stove products. The Binney & Smith Company, now makers of Crayola products, started as the Peekskill Chemical Company at Annsville in 1864. \nThe well-publicized \"Peekskill\" Riots of 1949 involved attacks and a lynching-in-effigy occasioned by Paul Robeson's benefit concerts for the Civil Rights Congress, although the main assault following the September concert properly occurred in nearby Van Cortlandtville.", "Q632484": "Daron Malakian and Scars on Broadway (previously known as just Scars on Broadway) is an American rock band, founded by Daron Malakian of the metal band System of a Down. The band's eponymous debut album was released on July 29, 2008.\nIn late 2008, the band entered a hiatus, with Malakian citing a lack of enthusiasm and \"his heart not being into touring\", as the primary reasons for the band's cessation. Despite reforming with various line-up changes in 2010 and 2012, and announcing a second album, the band ceased any further announcements by 2013. In April 2018 Malakian announced that the band will be releasing their second album titled Dictator on July 20, 2018.", "Q59084": "Mutiny on the Bounty is a 1962 American Technicolor epic historical drama film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, directed by Lewis Milestone and starring Marlon Brando, Trevor Howard and Richard Harris. The screenplay was written by Charles Lederer (with uncredited input from Eric Ambler, William L. Driscoll, Borden Chase, John Gay and Ben Hecht), based on the novel Mutiny on the Bounty by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall. Bronis\u0142aw Kaper composed the score.\nThe film tells a fictionalized story of the real-life mutiny led by Fletcher Christian against William Bligh, captain of the HMAV Bounty, in 1789. It is the second American film to be based on the novel, the first being Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), also produced by MGM. \nMutiny on the Bounty was the first motion picture filmed in the Ultra Panavision 70 widescreen process. It was partly shot on location in the South Pacific. Panned by critics, the film was a box-office bomb, losing more than $6 million.", "Q266222": "Nadine Trintignant (n\u00e9e Marquand; born 11 November 1934) is a French film director, producer, editor, screenwriter, and novelist. She is known for making films that surround the topic of family and relationships, such as \u00c7a n'arrive qu'aux autres and L'\u00e9t\u00e9 prochain. Her film Mon amour, mon amour was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1967 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q238438": "Nancy Anne Kress (born January 20, 1948) is an American science fiction writer. She began writing in 1976 but has achieved her greatest notice since the publication of her Hugo and Nebula-winning 1991 novella Beggars in Spain, which she later expanded into a novel with the same title. She has also won the Nebula Award for Best Novella in 2013 for After the Fall, Before the Fall, During the Fall, and in 2015 for Yesterday's Kin.\nIn addition to her novels, Kress has written numerous short stories and is a regular columnist for Writer's Digest. She is a regular at Clarion writing workshops. During the Winter of 2008/09, Nancy Kress was the Picador Guest Professor for Literature at the University of Leipzig's Institute for American Studies in Leipzig, Germany.", "Q93955": "Florjan Lipu\u0161, born 4 May 1937 in Lobnig above Bad Eisenkappel, Austria, is a Carinthian Slovene writer and translator. Since 1985 he has been a corresponding member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts", "Q463101": "Girl, Interrupted is a 1999 American psychological drama film based on Susanna Kaysen's 1993 memoir about her stay at a mental institution. Directed by James Mangold, it stars Winona Ryder (who also served as an executive producer) as Kaysen, with a supporting cast including Angelina Jolie, Clea DuVall, Brittany Murphy, Whoopi Goldberg, Elisabeth Moss, and Vanessa Redgrave.\nGirl, Interrupted began a limited release on December 21, 1999, with a wide expansion on January 14, 2000. Although it received mixed reviews from critics, Jolie's performance received critical acclaim and won her the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Motion Picture, and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role.", "Q173697": "Leslie Eugene \"Gene\" Hartley (January 28, 1926 \u2013 March 13, 1993) was an American racecar driver. He was born and died in Roanoke, Indiana.\nHartley was the son of midget car driver Ted Hartley, who competed into his 60s. \"Auto racing is all I\u2019ve ever known,\" Gene once said in an interview at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.", "Q305975": "Abu al-Qasim Abbas ibn Firnas ibn Wirdas al-Takurini (809\u2013887 A.D.), also known as Abbas ibn Firnas (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0633\u200e), was an Andalusian polymath: an inventor, physician, chemist, engineer, Andalusian musician, and Arabic-language poet. He was born in Ronda in the Takurunna province from Berber parents and lived in C\u00f3rdoba. A pioneer of aircraft and aviation, Ibn Firnas built the first human carrying glider and is reputed to have attempted two successful flights.Ibn Firnas made various contributions in the field of astronomy and engineering. He constructed a device which indicated the motion of the planets and stars in the Universe. In addition, Ibn Firnas came up with a procedure of manufacturing colourless glass and made magnifying lenses for reading, which was called reading stones. His method of cutting rock crystal give huge opportunities for Spanish mines to cut quartz, instead of exporting stones to places such as Egypt to be cut. He also designed the al-Maqata, a water clock.A long statue of Ibn Firnas was built near the Baghdad Airport. The crater Ibn Firnas on the Moon is named in his honor, and one of the bridges over the Guadalquivir river in C\u00f3rdoba was also named after him.", "Q49297": "Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States, except Hawaii and territories of the United States. More than 570 federally recognized tribes live within the US, about half of which are associated with Indian reservations. The term \"American Indian\" excludes Native Hawaiians and some Alaskan Natives, while \"Native Americans\" (as defined by the US Census) are American Indians, plus Alaska Natives of all ethnicities. The US Census does not include Native Hawaiians or Chamorro, instead being included in the Census grouping of \"Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander\".\nThe ancestors of living Native Americans arrived in what is now the United States at least 15,000 years ago, possibly much earlier, from Asia via Beringia. A vast variety of peoples, societies and cultures subsequently developed. Native Americans were greatly affected by the European colonization of the Americas, which began in 1492, and their population declined precipitously overwhelmingly due to introduced diseases as well as warfare, including biological warfare, territorial confiscation and slavery. After its creation, the United States, as part of its policy of settler colonialism, waged war and perpetrated massacres against many Native American peoples, removed them from their ancestral lands, and subjected them to one-sided treaties and to discriminatory government policies into the 20th century. Since the 1960s, Native American self-determination movements have resulted in changes to the lives of Native Americans, though there are still many contemporary issues faced by Native Americans. Today, there are over five million Native Americans in the United States, 78% of whom live outside reservations.\nWhen the United States was created, established Native American tribes were generally considered semi-independent nations, as they generally lived in communities separate from British settlers. The federal government signed treaties at a government-to-government level until the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 ended recognition of independent native nations, and started treating them as \"domestic dependent nations\" subject to federal law. This law did preserve the rights and privileges agreed to under the treaties, including a large degree of tribal sovereignty. For this reason, many (but not all) Native American reservations are still independent of state law and actions of tribal citizens on these reservations are subject only to tribal courts and federal law.\nThe Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 granted U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans born in the United States who had not yet obtained it. This emptied the \"Indians not taxed\" category established by the United States Constitution, allowed natives to vote in state and federal elections, and extended the Fourteenth Amendment protections granted to people \"subject to the jurisdiction\" of the United States. However, some states continued to deny Native Americans voting rights for several decades. Bill of Rights protections do not apply to tribal governments, except for those mandated by the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968.", "Q1274437": "Ernest \"Boom\" Carter (born Asbury Park, New Jersey) is an American drummer. He has toured and recorded with, among others, Bruce Springsteen, David Sancious, Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes and Paul Butterfield. During his time with Springsteen, he played the drums on the song \"Born to Run\". Able to play all forms of rock as well as rhythm and blues, soul and jazz, Carter was formally trained and blends a variety of styles into his drumming. His successor as the drummer with the E Street Band, Max Weinberg later said that Carter devised a jazz fusion part for \"Born to Run\" that he could never reproduce in concert, and eventually stopped attempting. Although best known as a drummer, Carter is also a guitarist, keyboardist and vocalist and in 2001 he released a solo album, Temple of Boom, singing and playing all of the instruments.", "Q115512": "The Spy in Black (US: U-Boat 29) is a 1939 British film, and the first collaboration between the British filmmakers Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. They were brought together by Alexander Korda to make the World War I spy thriller by Joseph Storer Clouston into a film. Powell and Pressburger eventually made over 20 films during the course of their partnership. \nThe Spy in Black stars Conrad Veidt, Valerie Hobson, and Sebastian Shaw, and also features Marius Goring and Torin Thatcher as two German submarine officers. And Grant Sutherland, who acted the role of a minister in Powell's The Edge of the World (1937), appears in this film as a Scottish air raid warden.", "Q334570": "Philo of Byzantium (Greek: \u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41 \u0392\u03c5\u03b6\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, Phil\u014dn ho Byzantios, ca. 280 BC \u2013 ca. 220 BC), also known as Philo Mechanicus, was a Greek engineer, physicist and writer on mechanics, who lived during the latter half of the 3rd century BC. Although he was from Byzantium he lived most of his life in Alexandria, Egypt. He was probably younger than Ctesibius, though some place him a century earlier.", "Q435347": "Helen Francesca Traubel (June 16, 1899 \u2013 July 28, 1972) was an American opera and concert singer. A dramatic soprano, she was best known for her Wagnerian roles, especially those of Br\u00fcnnhilde and Isolde.Born and raised in St. Louis, Missouri, she began her career as a concert singer and went on to sing at the Metropolitan Opera from 1937 to 1953. Starting in the 1950s, she also developed a career as a nightclub and cabaret singer as well as appearing in television, films and musical theatre. Traubel spent her later years in Santa Monica, California, where she died at the age of 73.", "Q72201": "Jakob Wilhelm Hauer (4 April 1881 in Ditzingen, W\u00fcrttemberg \u2013 18 February 1962 in T\u00fcbingen) was a German Indologist and religious studies writer. He was the founder of the German Faith Movement.", "Q184579": "Bolton ( (listen), locally ) is a town in Greater Manchester in North West England. A former mill town, Bolton has been a production centre for textiles since Flemish weavers settled in the area in the 14th century, introducing a wool and cotton-weaving tradition. The urbanisation and development of the town largely coincided with the introduction of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. Bolton was a 19th-century boomtown, and at its zenith in 1929 its 216 cotton mills and 26 bleaching and dyeing works made it one of the largest and most productive centres of cotton spinning in the world. The British cotton industry declined sharply after the First World War, and by the 1980s cotton manufacture had virtually ceased in Bolton.\nClose to the West Pennine Moors, Bolton is 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Manchester. It is surrounded by several smaller towns and villages that together form the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, of which Bolton is the administrative centre. The town of Bolton has a population of 139,403, whilst the wider metropolitan borough has a population of 262,400. Historically part of Lancashire, Bolton originated as a small settlement in the moorland known as Bolton le Moors. In the English Civil War, the town was a Parliamentarian outpost in a staunchly Royalist region, and as a result was stormed by 3,000 Royalist troops led by Prince Rupert of the Rhine in 1644. In what became known as the Bolton Massacre, 1,600 residents were killed and 700 were taken prisoner.\nBolton Wanderers football club play home games at the University of Bolton Stadium and the WBA World light-welterweight champion Amir Khan was born in the town. Cultural interests include the Octagon Theatre and the Bolton Museum and Art Gallery, as well as one of the earliest public libraries established after the Public Libraries Act 1850.", "Q960081": "Kenneth Duva Burke (May 5, 1897 \u2013 November 19, 1993) was an American literary theorist, as well as poet, essayist, and novelist, who wrote on 20th-century philosophy, aesthetics, criticism, and rhetorical theory. As a literary theorist, Burke was best known for his analyses based on the nature of knowledge. Furthermore, he was one of the first individuals to stray away from more traditional rhetoric and view literature as \"symbolic action.\"\nBurke was unorthodox, concerning himself not only with literary texts, but with the elements of the text that interacted with the audience: social, historical, political background, author biography, etc.For his career, Burke has been praised by The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism as \"one of the most unorthodox, challenging, theoretically sophisticated American-born literary critics of the twentieth century.\" His work continues to be discussed by rhetoricians and philosophers.", "Q287976": "Claudia Mori (born Claudia Moroni, Rome, 12 February 1944), is an Italian actress, singer, television producer, and wife of the singer Adriano Celentano.", "Q692632": "Terry Alan Kath (January 31, 1946 \u2013 January 23, 1978) was an American musician and songwriter, best known as a founding member of the rock band Chicago. He played guitar and sang lead vocals on many of the band's early hit singles. He has been praised by the band for his guitar skills and Ray Charles-influenced vocal style.\nGrowing up in a musical family, Kath took up a variety of instruments in his teens, including the drums and banjo. He played bass in a number of bands in the mid-1960s, before settling on the guitar when forming the group that became Chicago. His guitar playing was an important component of the group's sound from the start of their career, and he sang lead on several of the group's singles. He used a number of different guitars, but eventually became identified with a Fender Telecaster fitted with a single neck-position humbucker pickup combined with a bridge position angled single-coil pickup and decorated with numerous stickers. Kath was also said to be Jimi Hendrix's favorite guitarist.Kath struggled with health issues and drug abuse towards the end of the 1970s. He died in January 1978 from an accidental gunshot wound to the head. The bereavement tempted Chicago to consider disbanding, but they ultimately decided to resume as is signified by their memorial song \"Alive Again\". To commemorate his musicianship, they issued the 1997 album, The Innovative Guitar of Terry Kath.", "Q23728": "Lawrence Gene David (born July 2, 1947) is an American comedian, writer, actor, director, and television producer. He and Jerry Seinfeld created the television series Seinfeld, of which David was the head writer and executive producer for the first seven seasons. David gained further recognition for the HBO series Curb Your Enthusiasm, which he created and stars in as a semi-fictionalized version of himself. David has written or co-written every episode of Curb Your Enthusiasm since its pilot episode in 1999.David's work on Seinfeld won him two Primetime Emmy Awards in 1993, for Outstanding Comedy Series and Outstanding Individual Achievement in Writing in a Comedy Series. Formerly a stand-up comedian, David went into television comedy, writing and starring in ABC's Fridays, as well as writing briefly for Saturday Night Live. David has received a total of 27 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, as well as three Golden Globe Award nominations. He was voted by fellow comedians and comedy insiders as the 23rd greatest comedy star ever in a 2004 British poll to select \"The Comedian's Comedian\" and was awarded the Laurel Award for TV Writing Achievement by the Writers Guild of America in 2010.Since 2015, David has made multiple guest appearances playing the 2016 and 2020 United States Presidential election candidate Bernie Sanders on Saturday Night Live.", "Q101567": "Friedrich Wilhelm Semmler (11 May 1860, Hochzeit, Province of Brandenburg \u2013 15 March 1931) was a German chemist.", "Q106208": "Denis Papin FRS (French pronunciation: \u200b[d\u0259ni pap\u025b\u0303]; 22 August 1647 \u2013 26 August 1713) was a French physicist, mathematician and inventor, best known for his pioneering invention of the steam digester, the forerunner of the pressure cooker and of the steam engine.", "Q62012": "Ernst Barkmann (later Ernst Schmuck-Barkmann) (25 August 1919 \u2013 27 June 2009) was a German tank commander in the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II. He is known for the actions undertaken at \u201cBarkmann\u2019s corner\", in which it was claimed he halted a major U.S. Army armoured advance in Normandy on 27 July 1944, for which action he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.", "Q87920": "Gotthard Sachsenberg (6 December 1891 \u2013 23 August 1961) was a German World War I fighter ace with 31 victories who went on to command the world's first naval air wing. In later life, he founded the airline Deutscher Aero Lloyd, became an anti-Nazi member of the German parliament, and also became a pioneering designer of hydrofoils.", "Q586199": "Jack and the Beanstalk: The Real Story is a 2001 American television miniseries. It was directed by Brian Henson and was a co-production of Hallmark Entertainment and The Jim Henson Company. It is based on the classic English fairy tale Jack and the Beanstalk. The story was considerably reworked to reflect what Henson believed to be a more ethical, humanist view. The cast includes Matthew Modine (as the modern-day descendant of Jack), Mia Sara (as a mysterious woman attempting to bring him to justice for the murder of a giant), Jon Voight (as the descendant's greedy manager intending to inherit the company), and Vanessa Redgrave (an elderly relative of the descendant). Richard Attenborough, Daryl Hannah, and a young James Corden play giants.\nAmong the other giants in the film are beings from the mythology of various cultures including Hebrew, Buddhist, and Nordic.", "Q74670": "Jacques Peirotes (1869, Strasbourg - 1935) was a French and German politician, mayor of Strasbourg from 1919 to 1929.", "Q213865": "Adolf Heinrich Friedrich Schlichtegroll (8 December 1765 in Waltershausen \u2013 4 December 1822 in Munich) was a teacher, scholar and the first biographer of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. His brief account of Mozart's life (6000 words) was published in a volume of twelve obituaries Schlichtegroll prepared and called Nekrolog auf das Jahr 1791 (\"Necrology for the year 1791\"). The book appeared in 1793, two years after Mozart's death.", "Q90284": "Paul Israel Singer (24 March 1932 \u2013 16 April 2018) was an Austrian-born Brazilian economist and scholar.", "Q956533": "Herman Jacob Mankiewicz (November 7, 1897 \u2013 March 5, 1953) was an American screenwriter, who, with Orson Welles, wrote the screenplay for Citizen Kane (1941). Earlier, he was the Berlin correspondent for the Chicago Tribune and the drama critic for The New York Times and The New Yorker. Alexander Woollcott said that Herman Mankiewicz was the \"funniest man in New York\". Both Mankiewicz and Welles received\nAcademy Awards for their screenplay.He was often asked to fix the screenplays of other writers, with much of his work uncredited. Occasional flashes of what came to be called the \"Mankiewicz humor\" and satire distinguished his films, and became valued in the films of the 1930s. The style of writing included a slick, satirical, and witty humor, which depended almost totally on dialogue to carry the film. It was a style that would become associated with the \"typical American film\" of that period.Among the screenplays he wrote or worked on, besides Citizen Kane, were The Wizard of Oz, Man of the World, Dinner at Eight, Pride of the Yankees, and The Pride of St. Louis.\nMankiewicz's younger brother was Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1909\u20131993), also an Oscar-winning Hollywood director, screenwriter, and producer.\nFilm critic Pauline Kael credits Mankiewicz with having written, alone or with others, \"about forty of the films I remember best from the twenties and thirties. ... he was a key linking figure in just the kind of movies my friends and I loved best.\"", "Q959600": "Anne Nivat (born June 18, 1969) is an award-winning French dangerous journalist and war correspondent who has covered conflicts in Chechnya, Iraq, and Afghanistan. She is known for interviews and character portraits in print of civilians, especially women, and their experiences of war.", "Q64463": "Franck Riester (born 3 January 1974) is a French politician who has been serving as Minister of Culture in the government of Prime Minister \u00c9douard Philippe since 2018. He was a member of the National Assembly of France from 2007 to 2018, representing the Seine-et-Marne department.Riester is a former member of The Republicans, previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement. He founded and currently leads the Agir party.", "Q440900": "Carol Mendelsohn (born 1951) is a TV writer, notable for her work on the crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation.", "Q513394": "Nicolae B\u0103lcescu (Romanian pronunciation: [niko\u02c8la.e b\u0259l\u02c8t\u0361\u0283esku]) (29 June 1819 \u2013 29 November 1852) was a Romanian Wallachian soldier, historian, journalist, and leader of the 1848 Wallachian Revolution.", "Q114624": "Fahri Og\u00fcn Yard\u0131m (born 4 July 1980) is a German actor of Turkish descent. \n\nHe is best known for his portrayal of H\u00fcseyin in Almanya \u2013 Welcome to Germany and as investigator Yalcin G\u00fcmer in the German crime television series Tatort alongside Til Schweiger.\nIn 2013 he had a supporting role in the adventure film The Physician, which became an immediate box-office hit in Germany.", "Q123088": "Ismail Mirza (Persian: \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0632\u0627\u200e) later known by his first dynastic name of Ismail II (\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0645) (31 May 1537\u2013 24 November 1577) was the third Safavid Shah of Iran, ruling from 1576 to 1577.", "Q3285": "Michael Norman Shaw, Baron Shaw of Northstead (born 9 October 1920) is a former National Liberal and British Conservative Party politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1960 to 1964 (as a National Liberal) and from 1966 to 1992 for the Conservatives.", "Q6423963": "Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition which has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation.Adherents of Anglicanism are called \"Anglicans\", or \"Episcopalians\" in some countries. The majority of Anglicans are members of national or regional ecclesiastical provinces of the international Anglican Communion, which forms the third-largest Christian communion in the world, after the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. They are in full communion with the See of Canterbury, and thus the Archbishop of Canterbury, whom the communion refers to as its primus inter pares (Latin, \"first among equals\"). He calls the decennial Lambeth Conference, chairs the meeting of primates, and is the president of the Anglican Consultative Council. Some churches that are not part of the Anglican Communion or recognised by the Anglican Communion also call themselves Anglican, including those that are part of the Continuing Anglican movement and Anglican realignment.Anglicans base their Christian faith on the Bible, traditions of the apostolic Church, apostolic succession (\"historic episcopate\"), and the writings of the Church Fathers. Anglicanism forms one of the branches of Western Christianity, having definitively declared its independence from the Holy See at the time of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. Many of the new Anglican formularies of the mid-16th century corresponded closely to those of contemporary Protestantism. These reforms in the Church of England were understood by one of those most responsible for them, Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and others as navigating a middle way between two of the emerging Protestant traditions, namely Lutheranism and Calvinism.In the first half of the 17th century, the Church of England and its associated Church of Ireland were presented by some Anglican divines as comprising a distinct Christian tradition, with theologies, structures, and forms of worship representing a different kind of middle way, or via media, between Protestantism and Catholicism \u2013 a perspective that came to be highly influential in later theories of Anglican identity and expressed in the description of Anglicanism as \"Catholic and Reformed\". The degree of distinction between Protestant and Catholic tendencies within the Anglican tradition is routinely a matter of debate both within specific Anglican churches and throughout the Anglican Communion. Unique to Anglicanism is the Book of Common Prayer, the collection of services in one Book used for centuries. The Book is acknowledged as a principal tie that binds the Anglican Communion together as a liturgical rather than a confessional tradition or one possessing a magisterium as in the Roman Catholic Church.\nAfter the American Revolution, Anglican congregations in the United States and British North America (which would later form the basis for the modern country of Canada) were each reconstituted into autonomous churches with their own bishops and self-governing structures; these were known as the American Episcopal Church and the Church of England in the Dominion of Canada. Through the expansion of the British Empire and the activity of Christian missions, this model was adopted as the model for many newly formed churches, especially in Africa, Australasia, and Asia-Pacific. In the 19th century, the term Anglicanism was coined to describe the common religious tradition of these churches; as also that of the Scottish Episcopal Church, which, though originating earlier within the Church of Scotland, had come to be recognised as sharing this common identity.", "Q211082": "Tara Donna Reid (born November 8, 1975) is an American actress. She played Vicky in the films American Pie (1999), American Pie 2 (2001), and American Reunion (2012), and Bunny Lebowski in The Big Lebowski (1998). In 2013, she starred as April Wexler in the television film Sharknado, and went on to reprise the role in five sequels (2013\u20132018).\nReid made her film debut in A Return to Salem's Lot in 1987. Her other film appearances include Urban Legend (1998), Dr. T & the Women (2000), Josie and the Pussycats (2001), Van Wilder (2002), My Boss's Daughter (2003), and Alone in the Dark (2005). She had her own reality travel show on the E! network called Taradise in 2005, and was a housemate on the 2011 British reality series Celebrity Big Brother 8.", "Q142462": "Booth Gardner (August 21, 1936 \u2013 March 15, 2013) was an American politician who served as the 19th governor of the U.S. state of Washington between 1985 and 1993. He also served as the ambassador of the GATT. A Democrat, Gardner served in the Washington State Senate and was Pierce County Executive prior to his tenure as governor. His service was notable for advancing standards-based education and environmental protection.", "Q363400": "Nicholas John Frost (born 28 March 1972) is an English actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer, and author. He has appeared in the Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy of films, consisting of Shaun of the Dead (2004), Hot Fuzz (2007), and The World's End (2013), and the television comedy Spaced (1999\u20132001). He also appeared in Joe Cornish's film Attack the Block (2011). He co-starred in the 2011 film Paul, which he co-wrote with his frequent collaborator and best friend Simon Pegg. He also played various roles in the sketch show Man Stroke Woman.", "Q270468": "Elin Matilda Elisabet W\u00e4gner (May 16, 1882 \u2013 January 7, 1949) was a Swedish writer, journalist, feminist, teacher, ecologist and pacifist. She was a member of the Swedish Academy from 1944.", "Q2753075": "Christopher Paul O'Neill, KNO (born 27 June 1974) is a British-American financier and husband of Princess Madeleine, Duchess of H\u00e4lsingland and G\u00e4strikland, a daughter of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.\n\n", "Q282826": "Roland Bugatti (23 August 1922 \u2013 29 March 1977) was a French engineer and automotive industrialist. He was one of the three sons of Ettore Bugatti, founder and builder of the car brand Bugatti, and younger brother of Jean Bugatti.\n\n", "Q132185": "William Plumer (June 25, 1759 \u2013 December 22, 1850) was an American lawyer, Baptist lay preacher, and politician from Epping, New Hampshire. He is most notable for his service as a Federalist in the United States Senate (1802\u20131807), and Governor of New Hampshire as a Democratic-Republican (1812\u20131813, 1816\u20131819).", "Q238410": "Jennifer Jean Warnes (born March 3, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter, arranger and record producer. She has performed as a vocalist on a number of movie soundtracks. She was also a close friend and collaborator of Canadian singer-songwriter and poet Leonard Cohen.", "Q61533": "Fritz Ernst Fischer (5 October 1912 \u2013 2003) was a German medical doctor who, under the Nazi regime, participated in medical experiments conducted on inmates of the Ravensbr\u00fcck concentration camp.Fischer was born in Berlin. He studied medicine first at Bonn, later at Berlin and Leipzig, and finally graduated in Hamburg in 1938. He joined the SS in 1934 (ultimately reaching the rank of Sturmbannf\u00fchrer [major]) and became a member of the NSDAP in June 1937. On 1 November 1939, he was assigned to the Waffen-SS of the SS-Department of the Hohenlychen Sanatorium as a physician and SS Second Lieutenant.In 1940, he became troop physician of the SS Division Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler. After having been wounded he was posted back to Hohenlychen and worked in the camp hospital of the Ravensbr\u00fcck concentration camp as a surgical assistant to Karl Gebhardt. He participated in the surgical experiments carried out on concentration camp inmates there.After World War II, he was tried in the Doctors' Trial in Nuremberg, convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity, and was condemned to life imprisonment. His sentence was reduced to 15 years in 1951 and he was released in March 1954. Fischer subsequently regained his license to practice medicine and started a new career at the chemical company Boehringer in Ingelheim, where he stayed until his retirement. This has never been corroborated or authenticated.Based on available records, when he died in 2003, aged 90 or 91, he was the last known living of those indicted at the Doctors' Trial.", "Q112255": "Egon Friedell (born Egon Friedmann; 21 January 1878, in Vienna; died 16 March 1938, in Vienna) was a prominent Austrian philosopher, historian, journalist, actor, cabaret performer (Kabarettist) and theatre critic. Friedell has been described as a polymath.", "Q16963": "Jiangsu (\u6c5f\u82cf; formerly romanized Kiangsu) is an eastern-central coastal province of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the leading provinces in finance, education, technology, as well as tourism, with its capital in Nanjing. Jiangsu is the third smallest, but the fifth most populous and the most densely populated of the 23 provinces of the People's Republic of China. Jiangsu has the highest GDP per capita of Chinese provinces and second-highest GDP of Chinese provinces, after Guangdong. Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south. Jiangsu has a coastline of over 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) along the Yellow Sea, and the Yangtze River passes through the southern part of the province.\nSince the Sui and Tang dynasties, Jiangsu has been a national economic and commercial center, partly due to the construction of the Grand Canal. Cities such as Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Shanghai (separated from Jiangsu in 1927) are all major Chinese economic hubs. Since the initiation of economic reforms in 1990, Jiangsu has become a focal point for economic development. It is widely regarded as China's most developed province, when measured by its Human Development Index (HDI).Jiangsu is home to many of the world's leading exporters of electronic equipment, chemicals and textiles. It has also been China's largest recipient of foreign direct investment since 2006. Its 2014 nominal GDP was more than 1 trillion USD, which is the sixth-highest of all country subdivisions.", "Q271776": "Carmen Susana Duijm Zubillaga (August 11, 1936 \u2013 June 18, 2016) was a Venezuelan actress, television host, beauty queen, and model who was crowned Miss Venezuela 1955 and competed at Miss Universe 1955, placing in the top 15. She then went to compete at Miss World 1955 and won, becoming the first Venezuelan and Latin American woman to win the Miss World crown.\n\n", "Q710619": "Moses Judah Folkman (February 24, 1933 \u2013 January 14, 2008) was an American medical scientist best known for his research on tumor angiogenesis, the process by which a tumor attracts blood vessels to nourish itself and sustain its existence. He founded the field of angiogenesis research, which has led to the discovery of a number of therapies based on inhibiting or stimulating neovascularization.", "Q187058": "Abhishek (born 5 February 1976) is an Indian film actor and film producer known for his work in Bollywood. Part of the Bachchan family, he is the son of actors Amitabh Bachchan and Jaya Bachchan.\nBachchan made his acting debut in 2000 with J. P. Dutta's war film Refugee, and followed it by starring in over a dozen films which were both critical and commercial failures. His first commercial successes came with the 2004 action films Dhoom and Run, which changed his career prospects. Bachchan went on to earn critical appreciation for his performances in the dramas Yuva (2004), Sarkar (2005), and Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006), which won him three consecutive Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2007, he portrayed a character loosely based on Dhirubhai Ambani in Mani Ratnam's drama film Guru, which earned him a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor.\nBachchan has also played leading and supporting roles in commercially successful comedies and dramas, including Bunty Aur Babli (2005), Sarkar (2005), Bluffmaster! (2005), Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006), Guru (2007), Jhoom Barabar Jhoom (2007), Dostana (2008), Bol Bachchan (2012), Happy New Year (2014), and Housefull 3 (2016). His highest-grossing releases include the action sequels Dhoom (2004), Dhoom 2 (2006), and Dhoom 3 (2013).In addition to his three Filmfare Awards, Bachchan won a National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi for producing the comedy-drama Paa (2009). Since 2007, he has been married to actress Aishwarya Rai, with whom he has a daughter.", "Q366578": "Salvatore Paul \"Sully\" Erna Jr. (born February 7, 1968) is the American vocalist and rhythm guitarist for the American heavy metal band Godsmack. He is also a harmonica player, percussionist and pianist, performing these on albums and at live shows. He was ranked 47th in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader.", "Q1492": "Barcelona ( BAR-s\u0259-LOH-n\u0259, Catalan: [b\u0259\u027es\u0259\u02c8lon\u0259], Spanish: [ba\u027e\u03b8e\u02c8lona]) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within city limits, its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the Province of Barcelona and is home to around 4.8 million people, making it the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, the Ruhr area, Madrid, and Milan. It is one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea, located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Bes\u00f2s, and bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola mountain range, the tallest peak of which is 512 metres (1,680 feet) high.\nFounded as a Roman city, in the Middle Ages Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona. After merging with the Kingdom of Aragon, Barcelona continued to be an important city in the Crown of Aragon as an economic and administrative centre of this Crown and the capital of the Principality of Catalonia. Barcelona has a rich cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination. Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaud\u00ed and Llu\u00eds Dom\u00e8nech i Montaner, which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean are located in Barcelona. The city is known for hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics as well as world-class conferences and expositions and also many international sport tournaments.\nBarcelona is one of the world's leading tourist, economic, trade fair and cultural centres, and its influence in commerce, education, entertainment, sports, media, fashion, science, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the major global cities. It is a major cultural and economic centre in southwestern Europe, 24th in the world (before Z\u00fcrich, after Frankfurt) and a financial centre. In 2008 it was the fourth most economically powerful city by GDP in the European Union and 35th in the world with GDP amounting to \u20ac177 billion. In 2012 Barcelona had a GDP of $170 billion; and it was leading Spain in employment rate in that moment.In 2009 the city was ranked Europe's third and one of the world's most successful as a city brand. In the same year the city was ranked Europe's fourth best city for business and fastest improving European city, with growth improved by 17% per year, and the city has been experiencing strong and renewed growth for the past three years. Barcelona is also the home of one of the world's most famous football clubs, FC Barcelona. Since 2011 Barcelona has been a leading smart city in Europe. Barcelona is a transport hub, with the Port of Barcelona being one of Europe's principal seaports and busiest European passenger port, an international airport, Barcelona\u2013El Prat Airport, which handles over 50 million passengers per year, an extensive motorway network, and a high-speed rail line with a link to France and the rest of Europe.", "Q75546": "A Lot Like Love is a 2005 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Nigel Cole and starring Ashton Kutcher and Amanda Peet. The screenplay by Colin Patrick Lynch focuses on two individuals whose relationship slowly evolves from lust to friendship to romance over the course of seven years.", "Q87908": "Malte Ludin is a German filmmaker. He was born in Bratislava, Slovakia in 1942.\nHe studied political science at the Free University of Berlin.\nMalte was the youngest child of Hanns and Erla Ludin. His father served as ambassador to Slovakia during the Third Reich. As ambassador, Hanns Ludin signed orders that sent thousands of Jews to Auschwitz.\nMalte directed a documentary film about his father, 2 or 3 Things I Know About Him, that opened at Film Forum in Manhattan on January 24, 2007.", "Q44943": "Julius Hans Weigel (29 May 1908, Vienna \u2013 12 August 1991, Maria Enzersdorf) was an Austrian Jewish writer and a theater critic (till 1962). He lived in Vienna, except during the period between 1938 and 1945, when he lived in exile in Switzerland. He was a lifetime companion of the Austrian actress Elfriede Ott.", "Q110442": "Alois Wolfm\u00fcller (24 April 1864 \u2013 3 October 1948) was a German engineer and inventor.", "Q235134": "Mar\u00eda Zambrano Alarc\u00f3n (22 April 1904, in V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga \u2013 6 February 1991, in Madrid) was a Spanish essayist and philosopher associated with the Generation of '36 movement. Her extensive work between the civic engagement and the poetic reflection started to be recognised in Spain over the last quarter of the XX century after living many years in exile. She was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award (1981) and the Miguel de Cervantes Prize (1988).\n\n", "Q273161": "For the American film actor see Maude Allen.\nMaud Allan (born Beulah Maude Durrant, 27 August 1873 \u2013 7 October 1956) was a Canadian pianist-turned-actress, dancer and choreographer who is remembered for her \"impressionistic mood settings\".", "Q479171": "Amber Augusta Rudd (born 1 August 1963) is a British politician who served as Home Secretary from 2016 to 2018 and Secretary of State for Work and Pensions from 2018 to 2019. She was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Hastings and Rye being first elected in 2010, representing the Conservative Party, and stood down from parliament in 2019.\nShe identifies herself as a one-nation conservative, and has been associated with both socially liberal and socially conservative policies, having pursued a number of tough policies regarding immigration.Rudd was born in Marylebone and studied History at the University of Edinburgh School of History, Classics and Archaeology. Rudd worked as an investment banker before being elected to the House of Commons for Hastings and Rye in East Sussex in 2010, defeating incumbent Labour MP Michael Foster. Rudd served in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change from 2015 to 2016 in the Cameron Government, where she worked on renewable energy resources and climate change mitigation. She previously served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Energy and Climate Change from 2014 to 2015.\nShe was appointed Home Secretary in the May government on 13 July 2016, and given the additional role of Minister for Women and Equalities in January 2018. Rudd was the third female Home Secretary, the fifth woman to hold one of the Great Offices of State and the fastest-rising politician to a Great Office of State since the Second World War. She resigned as Home Secretary in April 2018 in connection with the Windrush deportation scandal.On 16 November 2018, Rudd was appointed Work and Pensions Secretary by Prime Minister Theresa May, succeeding Esther McVey. She was re-appointed by Boris Johnson on 24 July 2019 and succeeded Penny Mordaunt in her previous portfolio as Minister for Women and Equalities. On 7 September Rudd resigned from his cabinet and resigned the Conservative whip in Parliament, to protest Johnson's policy on Brexit and his decision to expel 21 Tory MPs. She announced on 30 October that she would be standing down as an MP at the next general election.", "Q466051": "Alia Martine Shawkat ( AL-ee-\u0259 SHOH-kaht; born April 18, 1989) is an American actress and artist. She is known for her roles as Hannah Rayburn in State of Grace, Maeby F\u00fcnke in the Fox/Netflix television sitcom Arrested Development (2003\u20132006; 2013; 2018\u20132019), Gertie Michaels in the 2015 horror-comedy film The Final Girls, and Dory Sief in the TBS comedy series Search Party (2016\u2013present). She also guest starred as Frances Cleveland, Virginia Hall, and Alexander Hamilton on Comedy Central's Drunk History.\n\n", "Q73137": "Nik Nazmi bin Nik Ahmad (Jawi: \u0646\u0626 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0626 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f; born 12 January 1982) is a Malaysian politician from the People's Justice Party (PKR) currently serving as Member of Parliament (MP) of Malaysia for Setiawangsa constituency in Kuala Lumpur. He was appointed chair of the Defence and Home Affairs Select Committee on 4 December 2019.He also served as the first Youth Chief of the Alliance of Hope (PH), PKR Youth Chief and as the Selangor State Executive Councillor for Education, Human Capital Development, Science, Technology and Innovation. Earlier, he served as two-term Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) of Selangor for Seri Setia from March 2008 to May 2018.", "Q149537": "A novella is a work of narrative prose fiction, longer than a short story but shorter than a novel. Publishers and literary award societies typically consider a novella's word count to be between 15,000 and 40,000 words, although definitions vary.\nThe English word \"novella\" derives from the Italian novella, feminine of novello, which means \"new\". The novella is a common literary genre in several European languages.", "Q3186048": "Josiah Wedgwood II (3 April 1769 \u2013 12 July 1843), the son of the English potter Josiah Wedgwood, continued his father's firm and was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Stoke-upon-Trent from 1832 to 1835. He was an abolitionist, and detested slavery.\nJosiah and his brother Thomas gave their friend Samuel Taylor Coleridge a life annuity of \u00a3150, with the goal of freeing Coleridge from financial worries and the need to support himself by noncreative work, so that he could pursue his literary and philosophical interests. This was offered in January 1798, and accepted by Coleridge, who was then a probationary minister in the Unitarian Church, with the condition he discontinued in the ministry.In 1807, Wedgwood bought Maer Hall in Staffordshire and his family lived there until his death in 1843.\nWedgwood was responsible for the Wedgwood Company's first bone china wares.\nWedgwood married Elizabeth Allen (1764\u20131846) and they had four sons and five daughters, two of whom married their first cousins, the offspring of Robert Darwin and Susannah Wedgwood:\n\nSarah Elizabeth Wedgwood (1793-1880)\nJosiah Wedgwood III (1795\u20131880); married his cousin Caroline Darwin, sister of Charles Darwin.\nMary Anne Wedgwood (1796-1798) died as an infant.\nCharlotte Wedgwood (1797\u20131862); married Charles Langton (1801\u20131886) in 1832. After her death Charles Langton remarried her cousin Emily Catherine Darwin, daughter of Robert Darwin, sister of Charles Darwin.\nHenry Allen Wedgwood (1799\u20131885) married secondly his cousin Jessie Wedgwood, daughter of John Wedgwood (1766\u20131844).\nFrancis \"Frank\" Wedgwood (1800\u20131888)\nHensleigh Wedgwood (1803\u20131891)\nFrances (Fanny) Wedgwood (1806-1832)\nEmma Wedgwood (1808\u20131896); married her cousin Charles Darwin, son of Robert Darwin.", "Q73651": "Double Jeopardy is a 1999 American neo noir adventure crime thriller film directed by Bruce Beresford and starring Tommy Lee Jones, Ashley Judd, and Bruce Greenwood. The film is about a woman wrongfully imprisoned for murder who, while eluding her parole officer, tracks down her husband who had framed her.", "Q7785": "The Commonwealth of Nations, generally known simply as the Commonwealth, is a political association of 54 member states, nearly all former territories of the British Empire. The chief institutions of the organisation are the Commonwealth Secretariat, which focuses on intergovernmental aspects, and the Commonwealth Foundation, which focuses on non-governmental relations between member states.The Commonwealth dates back to the first half of the 20th century with the decolonisation of the British Empire through increased self-governance of its territories. It was originally created as the British Commonwealth of Nations through the Balfour Declaration at the 1926 Imperial Conference, and formalised by the United Kingdom through the Statute of Westminster in 1931. The current Commonwealth of Nations was formally constituted by the London Declaration in 1949, which modernised the community and established the member states as \"free and equal\".The human symbol of this free association is the Head of the Commonwealth, currently Queen Elizabeth II, and the 2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting appointed Charles, Prince of Wales to be her designated successor, although the position is not technically hereditary. The Queen is the head of state of 16 member states, known as the Commonwealth realms, while 33 other members are republics and five others have different monarchs.\nMember states have no legal obligations to one another, but are connected through their use of the English language and historical ties. Their stated shared values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law are enshrined in the Commonwealth Charter and promoted by the quadrennial Commonwealth Games.\nThe countries of the Commonwealth cover more than 29,958,050 km2 (11,566,870 sq mi), equivalent to 20 per cent of the world's land area, and span all six inhabited continents.\n\n", "Q75220": "Heinrich Bernhard Oppenheim (July 20, 1819 in Frankfurt \u2013 March 29, 1880 in Berlin) was a German publicist and philosopher concerned with the ideas of liberalism, free trade and international law.\nOppenheim was son of a Jewish family of bankers in Frankfurt and studied law in G\u00f6ttingen, Heidelberg and Berlin. In Berlin he could not reach a postdoctoral lecturer qualification because of his Jewish origin, so he became a private lecturer (Privatdozent) for political science and international law in Heidelberg.\nBut his inclinations to journalism soon won the upper hand, and, his living assured by his family, he gave up teaching.He was very much taken by the questions surrounding the movements of 1848. His feeble attempts at practical politics nevertheless foundered and left him more and more to make himself known through his pen and his theories. He spoke at the agitated mass meeting at Unter den Zelten where the legislature's petition to the king regarding the wishes of the people was discussed. He became one of the chief editors, with Arnold Ruge and Eduard Meyen, of \u201cDie Reform\u201d (The Reform) which soon came under the oversight of several democratic groups. Among his other co-workers on this paper were Mikhail Bakunin, Karl Heinzen and Georg Herwegh. Oppenheim sought a seat in the National Assembly. He thought it sufficient to refer to his writings in \u201cDie Reform\u201d where he developed his premise \u201cthat only with freedom did the people become mature enough for freedom,\u201d but the people of Berlin had no patience with a candidate who campaigned only with his pen. This experience convinced him even more he that he was suited to a writing career, as he did not seem suited to speaking.He went to Baden and, looking for secrets, broke into the private files of the departed archduke. Lorenzo Brentano, the leader of the provisional government, put him in charge of the government newspaper, the \u201cKarlsruher Zeitung\u201d. When a schism broke out between Brentano's moderates and Gustav Struve's terrorists, Oppenheim worked for the latter, and was dismissed from the newspaper when they failed. He then traveled to Switzerland, France, the Netherlands and England. He returned in 1850 and continued to publish works on democratic ideas. He denounced the democrats for the victories of the Reaction, but thought the latter were ultimately to blame because they turned to raw despotic power rather than continuing with their phony constitutionalism.In 1861 Oppenheim joined the German Progress Party and edited the Yearbook for Politics and Literature which was banned soon afterwards. He also became a member of the Congress of German Economists, as he was known as an excellent economist and supporter of free trade. He also paid attention to social matters.\nThe occurrences of 1866 worked a great transformation in Oppenheim. He greeted the new order with joy while other liberals were more skeptical. Oppenheim joined the National Liberals and supported Bismarck's strategy for national unification. He wrote two flyers for the elections, one of which only saw limited distribution since the leaders saw it as too radical. After 1870, for the first time he directly discussed practical questions, writing on poor laws and economics. He was also critical of \u201cfanciful thinkers about the future among the teachers in the universities.\u201dIn 1874, he was elected Member of the Reichstag representing Reu\u00df \u00e4. L. and took his seat as an expert on the 1869 changes to commercial regulations. In 1877 he lost his seat to a social democrat. In reaction to Bismarck\u2019s protectionist policy he split with his party in 1880.\nOppenheim\u2019s philosophical work is concentrated on parliamentarism the idea of common welfare. He coined the phrase \u201clectern socialism\u201d (German \"Kathedersozialismus\").", "Q993647": "Bruno Pasquier (born 10 December 1943 in Neuilly-sur-Seine), is a French violist, the son of Pierre Pasquier, also a violist.\n\n", "Q23066": "Cumbria ( KUM-bree-\u0259) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local government, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's county town is Carlisle, in the north of the county, and the only other major urban area is Barrow-in-Furness on the southwestern tip of the county.\nThe county of Cumbria consists of six districts (Allerdale, Barrow-in-Furness, Carlisle, Copeland, Eden, and South Lakeland) and in 2008 had a population of just under 500,000 people. Cumbria is one of the most sparsely populated counties in England, with 73.4 people per km2 (190/sq mi).\nCumbria is the second largest county in England by area, and is bounded to the north by the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders, to the west by the Irish Sea, to the south by Lancashire, to the southeast by North Yorkshire, and to the east by County Durham and Northumberland.\nCumbria is predominantly rural and contains the Lake District National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site considered one of England's finest areas of natural beauty, serving as inspiration for artists, writers, and musicians. A large area of the southeast of the county is within the Yorkshire Dales National Park while the east of the county fringes the North Pennines AONB. Much of Cumbria is mountainous, and it contains every peak in England over 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level, with Scafell Pike at 3,209 feet (978 m) being the highest point of England. An upland, coastal, and rural area, Cumbria's history is characterised by invasions, migration, and settlement, as well as battles and skirmishes between the English and the Scots. Notable historic sites in Cumbria include Carlisle Castle, Furness Abbey, Hardknott Roman Fort, Brough Castle and Hadrian's Wall (also a World Heritage Site).", "Q65033": "Geltwil is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q136485": "ZTT Records is a British record label founded in 1983 by record producer Trevor Horn, Horn's wife, businesswoman Jill Sinclair, and NME journalist Paul Morley. The label's name was also printed as \"Zang Tumb Tuum\" and \"Zang Tuum Tumb\" on various releases.\nIn December 2017, Universal Music Group acquired ZTT Records and Stiff Records. The ZTT and Stiff back catalogue are owned by BMG Rights Management under Union Square Music.", "Q275276": "Madlyn Soloman Rhue (n\u00e9e Madeline Roche, October 3, 1935 \u2013 December 16, 2003) was an American film and television actress.", "Q3366676": "The Republican Party (French: Parti r\u00e9publicain, PR) was a conservative-liberal political party in France founded in 1977. It replaced the National Federation of the Independent Republicans that was founded in 1966. It was created by future President of France, Val\u00e9ry Giscard d'Estaing. It was known to be conservative in domestic, social and economic policies, pro-NATO, and pro-European.In 1978, the Republican Party allied with centrist groups to form the Union for French Democracy (UDF), a confederation created in order to support President Giscard d'Estaing and counterbalance the influence of the Gaullist Rally for the Republic (RPR) over the French centre-right. However, after Giscard d'Estaing's defeat at the 1981 presidential election, the PR gravitated away from its founder and a new generation of politicians, led by Fran\u00e7ois L\u00e9otard, took the lead.\nThis group called la bande \u00e0 L\u00e9o (\"L\u00e9o(tard)'s band\"), advocated an alliance with the RPR and covertly supported RPR leader Jacques Chirac's candidacy in the 1988 presidential election, against the official UDF candidate Raymond Barre.\nDuring the 1995 presidential campaign, the PR divided again between the two main centre-right candidates: Fran\u00e7ois L\u00e9otard and G\u00e9rard Longuet supported Edouard Balladur while Alain Madelin and Jean-Pierre Raffarin supported Jacques Chirac, who won.\nUntil the split of the UDF confederation in 1998, the Republican Party was its liberal component, advocating economic liberalism. In 1997, it was replaced by Liberal Democracy (DL) led by Alain Madelin.", "Q925293": "Danyang (simplified Chinese: \u4e39\u9633; traditional Chinese: \u4e39\u967d; pinyin: D\u0101ny\u00e1ng) is a county-level city located on the southwest (right) bank of the Yangtze River, and is under the administration of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China. It is noted for the production of optical lenses used in sunglasses and eyeglasses. Danyang has a total area of 1,059 km2 (409 sq mi) and a population of roughly 890,000. Danyang locals speak a dialect of Wu Chinese, and the city is on the linguistic borderline between Wu Chinese and Jianghuai Mandarin.", "Q69609": "Otto Nagel (27 September 1894 \u2013 12 July 1967) was a German painter.\n\n", "Q37013": "Rauma (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8r\u0251um\u0251]; Swedish: Raumo) is a town and municipality of ca. 39,400 (31 January 2019 ) inhabitants on the west coast of Finland, 92 kilometres (57 mi) north of Turku, and 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Pori. Granted town privileges on 17 April 1442 (then under the rule of Sweden), Rauma is known for its paper and maritime industry, high quality lace (since the 18th century) and the old wooden architecture of its centre (Old Rauma, Vanha Rauma), which is a UNESCO world heritage site.", "Q707403": "Flemming Hansen (born 9 August 1939) is a Danish politician representing the Conservative People's Party. He was in parliament from 10 January 1984 to 13 November 2007.\nBorn in Copenhagen, he was a member of parliament (Folketing) from 1984 and was the Minister of Traffic from 27 November 2001 to 12 September 2007, Minister of Nordic Co-operation from 18 June 2002 to 18 February 2005, and Minister of Energy from 18 February 2005 to 12 September 2007.\nHe owns shoe shops in Vejle, Fredericia, and Horsens.", "Q41185": "Caen (, French: [k\u0251\u0303] (listen); Norman: Kaem) is a commune in northwestern France. It is the prefecture of the department of Calvados. The city proper has 108,365 inhabitants (as of 2012), while its urban area has 420,000, making Caen the largest city in former Lower Normandy. It is also the third largest municipality in all of Normandy after Le Havre and Rouen and the third largest city proper in Normandy, after Rouen and Le Havre. The metropolitan area of Caen, in turn, is the second largest in Normandy after that of Rouen, the 21st largest in France.\nIt is located 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) inland from the English Channel, 200 kilometres north-west of Paris, and connected to the south of England by the Caen-(Ouistreham)-Portsmouth ferry route. Caen is located in the centre of its northern region, and it is a centre of political, economic and cultural power. Located a few miles from the coast, the landing beaches, the bustling resorts of Deauville and Cabourg, Norman Switzerland and Pays d'Auge, Caen is often considered the archetype of Normandy.\nCaen is known for its historical buildings built during the reign of William the Conqueror, who was buried there, and for the Battle for Caen\u2014heavy fighting that took place in and around Caen during the Battle of Normandy in 1944, destroying much of the city. The city has now preserved the memory by erecting a memorial and a museum dedicated to peace, the M\u00e9morial de Caen.", "Q237045": "Anne \"Ninon\" de l'Enclos also spelled Ninon de Lenclos and Ninon de Lanclos (10 November 1620 \u2013 17 October 1705) was a French author, courtesan, and patron of the arts.", "Q15982858": "A motivational speaker or inspirational speaker is a speaker who makes speeches intended to motivate or inspire an audience. Such speakers may attempt to challenge or transform their audiences. The speech itself is popularly known as a pep talk.\nMotivational Speakers can deliver speeches at schools, churches, motivational companies, corporations, government agencies, conferences, trade shows, summits, community organizations and similar environments.Motivational speaker makes an impact on the community by influencing their pattern of thinking.", "Q432366": "Edward Buzzell (November 13, 1895 \u2013 January 11, 1985) was an American film director whose credits include Child of Manhattan (1933); Honolulu (1939); the Marx Brothers films At the Circus (1939) and Go West (1940); the musicals Best Foot Forward (1943), Song of the Thin Man (1947), and Neptune's Daughter (1949); and Easy to Wed.\nBorn in Brooklyn, Buzzell appeared in vaudeville and on Broadway, and he was hired to star in the 1929 film version of George M. Cohan's Little Johnny Jones with Alice Day. Buzzell appeared in a few Vitaphone shorts and the two-strip Technicolor short The Devil's Cabaret (1930) as Satan's assistant. He wrote screenplays in the early 1930s and later produced the popular The Milton Berle Show, which premiered on television in 1948.\nIn 1926, Buzzell married actress Ona Munson, who later played Belle Watling in Gone with the Wind. They divorced in 1931. He married socialite Sara Clark on August 11, 1934, but the marriage only lasted five weeks. He married actress Lorraine Miller on December 10, 1949. He died in Los Angeles in 1985 at the age of 89.\n\n", "Q142304": "John A. Hostetler (October 29, 1918 \u2013 August 8, 2001) was an American author, educator, and scholar of Amish and Hutterite societies. Some of his works are still in print.\n\n", "Q267672": "Superman II is a 1980 superhero film directed by Richard Lester and written by Mario Puzo and David and Leslie Newman, based on the DC Comics character Superman. It is a sequel to the 1978 film Superman and stars Gene Hackman, Christopher Reeve, Terence Stamp, Ned Beatty, Sarah Douglas, Margot Kidder, and Jack O'Halloran. The film was released in Australia and mainland Europe on December 4, 1980, and in other countries throughout 1981. Selected premiere engagements of Superman II were presented in Megasound, a high-impact surround sound system similar to Sensurround.\nIn 1977, it was decided to film both Superman (1978) and its sequel simultaneously, with principal photography beginning in March 1977 and ending in October 1978. Tensions arose between Richard Donner and the producers in which a decision was made to stop filming the sequel, of which 75 percent had already been completed, and finish the first film. Following the release of Superman in December 1978, Donner was controversially fired as director, and was replaced by Richard Lester. Several members of the cast and crew declined to return in the wake of Donner's firing. In order to be officially credited as the director, Lester re-shot most of the film with a new alternate opening and ending for which principal photography began in September 1979 and ended in March 1980.\nThe film received positive reviews from film critics who praised the performances from Reeve, Stamp and Hackman, the visual effects, and humor. It grossed $190 million against a production budget of $54 million. A sequel, Superman III, was released, for which Lester returned as director.", "Q15503703": "Lillian F. Schwartz (born 1927) is a 20th-century American artist considered a pioneer of computer-mediated art and one of the first artists notable for basing almost her entire oeuvre on computational media. Many of her ground-breaking projects were done in the 1960s and 1970s, well before the desktop computer revolution made computer hardware and software widely available to artists.", "Q78704": "Hanns Eisler (6 July 1898 \u2013 6 September 1962) was an Austrian composer (his father was Austrian, and Eisler fought in a Hungarian regiment in World War I). He is best known for composing the national anthem of East Germany, for his long artistic association with Bertolt Brecht, and for the scores he wrote for films. The Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik \"Hanns Eisler\" is named after him.", "Q5568956": "Glenn Ligon (born 1960, pronounced Lie-g\u014dne) is an American conceptual artist whose work explores race, language, desire, sexuality, and identity. Based in New York City, Ligon engages in intertextuality with other works from the visual arts, literature, and history, as well as his own life. He is noted as one of the originators of the term Post-Blackness.\n\n", "Q442681": "Valdemar Poulsen (23 November 1869 \u2013 23 July 1942) was a Danish engineer who made significant contributions to early radio technology. He developed a magnetic wire recorder called the telegraphone in 1898 and the first continuous wave radio transmitter, the Poulsen arc transmitter, in 1903, which was used in some of the first broadcasting stations until the early 1920s.", "Q1395187": "Ludwig Manfred Lommel (1891\u20131962) was a German stage and film actor. He was the father of the actress Ruth Lommel and actor Ulli Lommel. His youngest son Manuel Lommel is a cinematographer.", "Q199500": "Gyumri (Armenian: \u0533\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0580\u056b, pronounced [\u0261jum\u02c8\u027ei]), is an urban municipal community and the second largest city in Armenia, serving as the administrative centre of Shirak Province in the northwestern part of the country. By the end of the 19th century, when the city was known as Alexandropol, it was one of the largest cities of Russian-ruled Eastern Armenia with a population similar to that of Yerevan. It was renamed to Leninakan during the Soviet period. The city's population grew above 200,000 prior to the 1988 Spitak earthquake, when it was devastated. As of the 2011 census, the city had a population of 121,976, down from 150,917 reported at the 2001 census.\nGyumri is the seat of the Diocese of Shirak of the Armenian Apostolic Church.", "Q68517": "Rossemaison is a municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont of the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q114142": "Violeta Chamorro (Spanish pronunciation: [bjo\u02c8leta t\u0283a\u02c8moro], born Violeta Barrios Torres; 18 October 1929) is a Nicaraguan politician who served as President of Nicaragua from 1990 to 1997. She was the first and, to date, only woman to hold the position of president in Nicaragua.\nBorn into a landed family in southern Nicaragua, Chamorro was partially educated in the United States. After returning to her home country, she married and raised a family. Her husband, Pedro Joaqu\u00edn Chamorro Cardenal, was a journalist working at his family's newspaper, La Prensa, which he later inherited. As a result of his anti-government stance, he was often jailed or exiled, forcing Chamorro to spend a decade following him abroad or visiting him in jail. When he was assassinated in 1978, Chamorro took over the newspaper. Pedro's murder strengthened the Nicaraguan Revolution and his image, as wielded by his widow, became a powerful symbol for the opposition forces. Initially, when the Sandinistas were victorious over Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Chamorro fully supported them. She agreed to become part of the provisional government established under the Junta of National Reconstruction (Spanish: Junta de Gobierno de Reconstrucci\u00f3n Nacional, JGRN); however, when the Junta began moving in a more radical direction and signed agreements with the Soviet Union, Chamorro resigned and returned to the newspaper.\nUnder her direction, La Prensa continued to criticize the government and its policies despite threats and government-forced shutdowns. When Daniel Ortega announced that elections would be held in 1990, Chamorro was selected as the candidate for the opposition group known as the National Opposition Union (Spanish: Uni\u00f3n Nacional Opositora, UNO). This 14-party alliance ranged from conservatives and liberals to communists and because of idealistic differences had difficulty in devising any political platform other than a promise to end the war. Despite polls indicating a victory for the incumbent Sandinista President Ortega, Chamorro won the election on 25 February 1990, becoming the first elected female head of state in the Americas.\nChamorro was sworn into office on 25 April 1990. Chamorro's leadership covered six difficult years marked by economic strife and social unrest, but she was able to compromise with rivals, maintain a constitutional regime, re-establish international banking relationships and end the hyperinflation that had plagued the country for several years.\nAfter leaving office on 10 January 1997, Chamorro worked on several international peace initiatives until poor health forced her to retire from public life.", "Q434717": "Shoshannah Stern (born July 3, 1980) is an American actress.", "Q269887": "Yes Man is a 2008 comedy film directed by Peyton Reed, written by Nicholas Stoller, Jarrad Paul, and Andrew Mogel and starring Jim Carrey and co-starring Zooey Deschanel. The film is based loosely on the 2005 book of the same name by humorist Danny Wallace, who also makes a cameo appearance in the film.\nProduction for the film began in Los Angeles in October 2007. It was released on December 19, 2008 in the United States and was then released in the United Kingdom on December 26, 2008. The film received mixed reviews from critics, but was a box office success, making $223 million worldwide.", "Q4830245": "Axel Buch (10 August 1930 \u2013 30 July 1998) was a Norwegian politician from the Conservative Party.\nHe is known as mayor of Trondheim, the third largest city in Norway, from 1976 to 1979.\nBuch served as a deputy representative in the Norwegian Parliament from S\u00f8r-Tr\u00f8ndelag during the terms 1977\u20131981 and 1981\u20131985.", "Q259788": "Asaf Avidan (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e1\u05e3 \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d3\u05df\u200e; born March 23, 1980) is an Israeli singer-songwriter. From 2006 to 2011, he was part of the group Asaf Avidan & the Mojos, independently releasing three studio albums. The Reckoning, their debut record, was certified Gold in Israel and became one of the best-selling independent albums there. After disbanding in 2011, a 2012 remix of Asaf Avidan & the Mojos' single \"Reckoning Song\" (2008) by German disc jockey Wankelmut \u2014 retitled into One Day / Reckoning Song \u2014 attained widespread commercial success throughout Europe. It topped the charts in several countries and was certified Gold and Platinum. In 2012, Avidan started a solo career, eventually releasing three studio albums to moderate success in European countries.", "Q770847": "The Mausoleum of Augustus (Italian: Mausoleo di Augusto) is a large tomb built by the Roman Emperor Augustus in 28 BC on the Campus Martius in Rome, Italy. The mausoleum is located on the Piazza Augusto Imperatore, near the corner with Via di Ripetta as it runs along the Tiber. The grounds cover an area equivalent to a few city blocks nestled between the church of San Carlo al Corso and the Museum of the Ara Pacis. The mausoleum is currently in the process of a restoration, upon the completion of which it will open to the public.", "Q102734": "The Red Army Faction (RAF; German: Rote Armee Fraktion), also known as the Baader\u2013Meinhof Group or Baader\u2013Meinhof Gang (German: Baader-Meinhof-Gruppe, Baader-Meinhof-Bande), was a West German far-left militant organization founded in 1970. Key early figures included Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, Horst Mahler and Ulrike Meinhof, among others. Ulrike Meinhof was involved in Baader's escape from jail in 1970. The West German/German government as well as most Western media and literature considered the Red Army Faction to be a terrorist organization.The Red Army Faction engaged in a series of bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, bank robberies and shoot-outs with police over the course of three decades. Their activity peaked in late 1977, which led to a national crisis that became known as the \"German Autumn\". The RAF has been held responsible for thirty-four deaths, including many secondary targets, such as chauffeurs and bodyguards, as well as many injuries throughout its almost thirty years of activity. Although better-known, the RAF conducted fewer attacks than the Revolutionary Cells, which is held responsible for 296 bomb attacks, arson and other attacks between 1973 and 1995.Sometimes the group is talked about in terms of generations:\n\nthe \"first generation\", which consisted of Baader, Ensslin, Meinhof and others;\nthe \"second generation\", after the majority of the first generation was arrested in 1972; and\nthe \"third generation\" RAF, which existed in the 1980s and 1990s up to 1998, after the first generation died in Stammheim maximum security prison in 1977.On 20 April 1998, an eight-page typewritten letter in German was faxed to the Reuters news agency, signed \"RAF\" with the submachine-gun red star, declaring that the group had dissolved. In 1999, after a robbery in Duisburg, traces of Ernst-Volker Staub and Daniela Klette were found, causing an official investigation into a re-founding.In total, the RAF killed 34 people, and 27 members or supporters were killed.", "Q266578": "Shiri Maimon (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9 \u05de\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05df\u200e; born 17 May 1981) is an Israeli pop/R&B singer, TV show host and actress, who rose to fame as the runner-up in the TV show Kokhav Nolad. She represented Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005, where she came fourth.\nIn 2008 Maimon was nominated and performed in the MTV Europe Music Awards. In June 2013 Maimon became one of the judges for the first season of The X Factor Israel. She continued her role for the second and third seasons. On 2018 It was revealed that Maimon would leave the show in favor of the rival network show, Rising Star Israel.\nIn 2018 Maimon started starring in the Broadway show \"Chicago\" in the role of Roxie Hart.", "Q988515": "East Orange is a city in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census the city's population was 64,270, reflecting a decline of 5,554 (\u22128.0%) from the 69,824 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 3,728 (\u22125.1%) from the 73,552 counted in the 1990 Census. The city was the state's 20th most-populous municipality in 2010, after having been the state's 14th most-populous municipality in 2000.", "Q828": "The Americas (also collectively called America; French: Am\u00e9rique, Dutch: Amerika, Spanish and Portuguese: Am\u00e9rica) comprise the totality of the continents of North and South America. Together, they make up most of the land in Earth's western hemisphere and comprise the New World.Along with their associated islands, they cover 8% of Earth's total surface area and 28.4% of its land area. The topography is dominated by the American Cordillera, a long chain of mountains that runs the length of the west coast. The flatter eastern side of the Americas is dominated by large river basins, such as the Amazon, St. Lawrence River / Great Lakes basin, Mississippi, and La Plata. Since the Americas extend 14,000 km (8,700 mi) from north to south, the climate and ecology vary widely, from the arctic tundra of Northern Canada, Greenland, and Alaska, to the tropical rain forests in Central America and South America.\nHumans first settled the Americas from Asia between 42,000 and 17,000 years ago. A second migration of Na-Dene speakers followed later from Asia. The subsequent migration of the Inuit into the neoarctic around 3500 BCE completed what is generally regarded as the settlement by the indigenous peoples of the Americas.\nThe first known European settlement in the Americas was by the Norse explorer Leif Erikson. However, the colonization never became permanent and was later abandoned. The Spanish voyages of Christopher Columbus from 1492 to 1502 resulted in permanent contact with European (and subsequently, other Old World) powers, which eventually led to the Columbian exchange and inaugurated a period of exploration, conquest, and colonization whose effects and consequences persist to the present. The Spanish presence involved the enslavement of large numbers of the indigenous population of America.Diseases introduced from Europe and West Africa devastated the indigenous peoples, and the European powers colonized the Americas. Mass emigration from Europe, including large numbers of indentured servants, and importation of African slaves largely replaced the indigenous peoples.\nDecolonization of the Americas began with the American Revolution in the 1770s and largely ended with the Spanish\u2013American War in the late 1890s. Currently, almost all of the population of the Americas resides in independent countries; however, the legacy of the colonization and settlement by Europeans is that the Americas share many common cultural traits, most notably Christianity and the use of Indo-European languages: primarily Spanish, English, Portuguese, French, and, to a lesser extent, Dutch.\nThe Americas are home to over a billion inhabitants, two-thirds of whom reside in the United States, Brazil, and Mexico. It is home to eight megacities (metropolitan areas with ten million inhabitants or more): New York City (23.9 million), Mexico City (21.2 million), S\u00e3o Paulo (21.2 million), Los Angeles (18.8 million), Buenos Aires (15.6 million), Rio de Janeiro (13.0 million), Bogot\u00e1 (10.4 million), and Lima (10.1 million).", "Q27214": "Gerald Norman Springer (born February 13, 1944) is an English-American television presenter, politician, news presenter, actor, producer, musician, and former lawyer. He hosted The Jerry Springer Show, a tabloid talk show, between September 30, 1991 and July 26, 2018 and debuted the Jerry Springer Podcast in 2015. Springer currently hosts a courtroom show called Judge Jerry.", "Q2831": "Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 \u2013 June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer. Dubbed the \"King of Pop\", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest entertainers in the history of music. Jackson's contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades.\nThe eighth child of the Jackson family, Jackson made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5. Jackson began his solo career in 1971 while at Motown Records, and rose to solo stardom with his fifth studio album Off the Wall (1979) during the peak of disco. By the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. His music videos, including those for \"Beat It\", \"Billie Jean\", and \"Thriller\" from his sixth studio album Thriller (1982), are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool. Their popularity helped propel Jackson and the television channel MTV into prominent highlights of 1980s pop culture. At the 26th Grammy Awards, Thriller won a record-breaking eight Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year. Jackson continued to innovate with videos including \"Leave Me Alone\" and \"Smooth Criminal\" from Bad (1987), \"Black or White\" and \"Remember the Time\" from Dangerous (1991), \"Scream\" from HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995) and \"Ghosts\" from the remix album Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix (1997). With songs such as \"Man in the Mirror\", \"Black or White\", \"Heal the World\", \"Earth Song\" and \"They Don't Care About Us\", Jackson's music emphasized racial integration, environmentalism and fighting against prejudice and injustice. Through stage and video performances, he popularized complicated dance techniques such as the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His sound and style have influenced artists of various genres.\nStarting in the late 1980s, Jackson became a figure of controversy and speculation due to his changing appearance, relationships, behavior and lifestyle. In 1993, he was accused of sexually abusing the child of a family friend. The lawsuit was settled out of court, and Jackson was not indicted. In 2005, he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges. In 2009, while preparing for a series of comeback concerts, This Is It, Jackson died from an overdose of sedatives administered by his personal physician, Conrad Murray. Fans around the world expressed their grief, and Jackson's public memorial service was broadcast live. In August 2009, the Los Angeles County Coroner ruled that Jackson's death was a homicide, and Murray was charged with involuntary manslaughter in February 2010. Nine years later, the documentary Leaving Neverland, which detailed posthumous allegations of child sexual abuse, led to a media backlash against Jackson.\nJackson is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, with estimated sales of over 350 million records worldwide. His albums Off the Wall (1979), Thriller (1982), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), and HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I (1995), rank among the best-selling of all time. Thriller is the best-selling album of all time, with estimated sales of 66 million copies worldwide. Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix (1997) is the best-selling remix album of all time. Bad was the first album to produce five Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles. Jackson had 13 Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles, more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era, and was also the first artist to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades. He won more awards than any other artist in the history of popular music, has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, and is the only recording artist to have been inducted into the National Museum of Dance and Hall of Fame. His other achievements include 39 Guinness World Records, including the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time, 26 American Music Awards, 16 World Music Awards, 13 Grammy Awards, as well as the Grammy Legend and Lifetime Achievement awards, 11 MTV Video Music Awards, 6 Brit Awards, and a Golden Globe Award. In 2016, his estate earned $825 million, the highest yearly amount for a celebrity ever recorded by Forbes.", "Q3565130": "Rha Woong-bae (born 24 July 1934) is the Chairman of the Hanbit Forum. He was also the former Finance and Economy Minister and deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea under President Kim Dae-jung. He served as Trade and Industry Minister in the 1980s.He holds a PhD (1968) from the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley.", "Q569362": "Eduard Ergartovich Rossel (Russian: \u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u042d\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c; born 8 October 1937) is a Russian politician, who was the governor (1995\u20132009) of Sverdlovsk Oblast, an oblast in Russia. He was born in 1937 and is of German origin. He returned into office in 1995. He is a member of the Federation Council of Russia.", "Q77423": "Wilhelm Kube (13 November 1887 \u2013 22 September 1943) was a German politician and Nazi official. He was an important figure in the German Christian movement during the early years of Nazi rule. During the war he became a senior official in the occupying government of the Soviet Union, achieving the rank of Generalkommissar for Weissruthenien (Belarus). He was assassinated in Minsk in 1943, triggering brutal reprisals against the citizens of Minsk.\nAn extreme antisemite, he is known to have said about Jews: \"What plague and syphilis are to humanity, are Jews to the white race.\" However, Kube behaved towards German Jews in a relatively mild way during his charge in Minsk, by trying\u2014unsuccessfully\u2014to protect German Jews, whom he felt as culturally closer, from extermination. As for Minsk, he planned to level the city and replace it with a German settlement, called Asgard.\n\n", "Q442695": "Armand Jean Fran\u00e7ois S\u00e9guin or Segouin (21 March 1767 \u2013 24 January 1835) was a French chemist and physiologist who discovered a faster and cheaper process for tanning leather. As a result, he became immensely rich through the supply of leather to Napoleon's armies. He was born on March 21, 1767 in Paris and died on January 23, 1835.", "Q4298": "Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus, commonly referred to simply as Vegetius, was a writer of the Later Roman Empire (late 4th century). Nothing is known of his life or station beyond what is contained in his two surviving works: Epitoma rei militaris (also referred to as De re militari), and the lesser-known Digesta Artis Mulomedicinae, a guide to veterinary medicine. He identifies himself in the opening of his work Epitoma rei militaris as a Christian.", "Q373161": "Jack Laurence Johnson (born April 7, 1987) is an American actor, best known for his performance as the character Will Robinson in the 1998 film Lost in Space.Johnson was born in Los Angeles, California, where he lived, before attending Wesleyan University in Connecticut. His paternal grandparents were screenwriter Nunnally Johnson and actress Dorris Bowdon.", "Q463883": "Frances Marion (born Marion Benson Owens, November 18, 1888 \u2013 May 12, 1973) was an American screenwriter, journalist, author, and film director, often cited as one of the most renowned female screenwriters of the 20th century alongside June Mathis and Anita Loos. During the course of her career, she wrote over 325 scripts. She was the first writer to win two Academy Awards. Marion began her film career working for filmmaker Lois Weber. She wrote numerous silent film scenarios for actress Mary Pickford, before transitioning to writing sound films.\n\n", "Q705200": "Henry A. Giroux (born September 18, 1943) is an American and Canadian scholar and cultural critic. One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States, he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy, cultural studies, youth studies, higher education, media studies, and critical theory. In 2002 Routledge named Giroux as one of the top fifty educational thinkers of the modern period.A high-school social studies teacher in Barrington, Rhode Island, for six years, Giroux has held positions at Boston University, Miami University, and Penn State University. In 2005, Giroux began serving as the Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.", "Q35610": "Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (22 May 1859 \u2013 7 July 1930) was a British writer and medical doctor. He created the character Sherlock Holmes in 1887 when he published A Study in Scarlet, the first of four novels and more than fifty short stories about Holmes and Dr. Watson. The Sherlock Holmes stories are generally considered milestones in the field of crime fiction.\nDoyle was a prolific writer; other than Holmes stories, his works include fantasy and science fiction stories about Professor Challenger and humorous stories about the Napoleonic soldier Brigadier Gerard, as well as plays, romances, poetry, non-fiction and historical novels. One of Doyle's early short stories, \"J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement\" (1884), helped to popularise the mystery of the Mary Celeste.", "Q252805": "Takuya Kurosawa (Shinjitai: \u9ed2\u6fa4\u7422\u5f25, Kurosawa Takuya, born Ibaraki, June 7, 1962) is a Japanese race car driver.\nKurosawa raced in All-Japan Formula Three from 1988 to 1989, Japanese Formula 3000 from 1990 to 1995 and the JGTC series from 1994 to 1999, also driving in the 1998 24 Hours of Le Mans, finishing 10th.\nKurosawa then obtained sponsorship to drive in the American CART series for Dale Coyne Racing in 2000. He made eight starts with a best finish of 12th at the Detroit Grand Prix. He became the first Japanese driver to lead a Champ Car race when he led seven laps at the Long Beach Grand Prix.Kurosawa then returned to JGTC for the next three seasons, drove in the Super Taikyu series in 2004. He currently competes in the Super GT series, driving a Porsche Boxster for Arktech Motorsports.\nTakuya is son of Best Motoring presenter, Motoharu Kurosawa and is elder brother of Haruki and Tsubasa, who all are racing drivers.", "Q224993": "B\u00e9la Kov\u00e1cs (born May 1, 1937 in Tatab\u00e1nya, Hungary) is Hungarian clarinetist.", "Q110330": "Ephraim Katzir (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05e6\u05d9\u05e8 Efrayim Katsir; 16 May 1916 \u2013 30 May 2009) was an Israeli biophysicist and Israeli Labor Party politician. He was the fourth President of Israel from 1973 until 1978.", "Q427019": "Matthias Schoenaerts (; Dutch: [\u02c8m\u0251tj\u0251s \u02c8sxuna\u02d0rts]; born 8 December 1977) is a Belgian actor, film producer, and graffiti artist. He made his film debut at the age of 13 in Daens (1992), which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. He is best known for his roles as Filip in Loft (2008), Jacky Vanmarsenille in the Oscar-nominated Bullhead (2011), Ali in the BAFTA and Golden Globe-nominee Rust and Bone (2012), for which he won the C\u00e9sar Award for Most Promising Actor, Eric Deeds in The Drop (2014), Bruno von Falk in Suite Fran\u00e7aise (2015), Gabriel Oak in Far from the Madding Crowd (2015), Hans Axgil in The Danish Girl (2015) and Uncle Vanya in Red Sparrow (2018). Schoenaerts also received critical acclaim for his portrayal of an ex-soldier suffering from PTSD in Disorder (2015), and for his performance as an inmate training a wild horse in The Mustang (2019).\nIn 2015, he was named Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters in France.", "Q141619": "Tyra Ferrell (born January 28, 1962) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in films Boyz n the Hood (1991), Jungle Fever (1991), White Men Can't Jump (1992), and Poetic Justice (1993).", "Q63456": "Anton Friedrich B\u00fcsching (27 September 1724 \u2013 28 May 1793) was a German geographer, historian, educator and theologian. His Erdbeschreibung (\"Earth description\") was the first geographical work of any scientific merit. He also did significant work on behalf of education.\n\n", "Q234558": "Bianca Taylor Ryan (born September 1, 1994) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and actress from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ryan was the first winner of NBC's America's Got Talent at the age of eleven. Singing two Broadway show tunes along the way, Ryan was announced as the winner of season one on August 17. Her self-titled first album was released later in 2006, followed by two Christmas albums. Two singles followed in 2007 and 2010.\nAfter a break to finish her education, Ryan recorded a cover of the John Legend song \"All of Me\" and posted the video to her YouTube channel in March 2014. Her original song \"Alice\" was self-released in May 2015. Following a delay due to health problems, Ryan premiered her single \"One Day\" in May 2017; since then, she has written and released singles including \"Man Down\" and \"Remember\". Her EP The Reintroduction, Pt. 1 was released in January 2019.\nRyan's acting career includes a brief appearance in the feature film 12 and Holding (2005) and the lead role in a music video by The Wrecking in 2010. The independent film We Are Kings premiered in 2014, featuring Ryan as one of two down-on-their-luck teen musicians who are guided by an angel to save an elder bluesman from freezing to death. Ryan co-wrote much of the film's music, and the video for her song \"Broken Down House\" was released in October.", "Q1279891": "Ebrahim Hamedi (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u200e, also Romanized as \"Ebr\u0101h\u012bm H\u0101med\u012b\"; born 1949), better known by his stage name Ebi (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u06cc), is an Iranian singer. He is nicknamed as \"Master of Voice\" (\u0622\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u062f\u0627). He achieved the pinnacle of his fame and success towards the end of the 1970s. His overall impact and contributions to Iranian pop music made him one of the two iconic male pop singers in the Persian speaking world next to Dariush.", "Q75234": "Frederick Albert Winsor, originally Friedrich Albrecht Winzer (1763 in Braunschweig, Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenb\u00fcttel \u2013 11 May 1830 in Paris) was a German inventor, one of the pioneers of gas lighting in the UK and France.\nWinsor went to Britain before 1799 and became interested in the technology and economics of fuels. In 1802 he went to Paris to investigate the 'thermo-lamp' which French engineer Philippe LeBon had patented in 1799. Returning to Britain, he started a gasworks and in 1807 lit one side of Pall Mall, London, with gas lamps. In 1804-09 he was granted various patents for gas furnaces and application to Parliament for a charter for the Gas Light and Coke Company having failed, Winsor once more moved to France, but unlike the success he had in United Kingdom in Paris his company in made little progress and was liquidated in 1819.\nThe distilling retort Winsor used consisted of an iron pot with a fitted lid. The lid had a pipe in the centre leading to the conical condensing vessel, which was compartmented inside with perforated divisions to spread the gas to purify it of hydrogen sulphide and ammonia. The device was not very successful, and the gas being burned was impure and emitted a pungent smell.\nWinsor published Description of the Thermo-lamp Invented by Lebon of Paris in 1802, Analogy between Animal and Vegetable Life, Demonstrating the Beneficial Application of the Patent Light Stoves to all Green and Hot Houses in 1807, and other works.\nHe died in Paris and was buried in the P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery. A green plaque on Pall Mall in London marks the site of Winsor's first demonstration, and there is a memorial to him in Kensal Green Cemetery. Winsor Terrace in Beckton, the former approach road to Beckton Gas Works, is named in his honour.", "Q4833980": "Benjamin Franklin O'Neal, Jr. (June 23, 1922 \u2013 April 29, 2004), known as B. F. O'Neal, Jr., was a Shreveport businessman and a pioneer in the development of the modern Republican Party in the U.S. state of Louisiana. O'Neal was a member of the Caddo Parish Police Jury (now the Caddo Parish Commission) from 1964 to 1968 and the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1972 to 1988.", "Q62748": "Franz Pfeffer von Salomon (19 February 1888 in D\u00fcsseldorf \u2013 12 April 1968 in Munich), also known as Franz von Pfeffer, was the first commander of the Sturmabteilung (SA) upon its re-establishment in 1925. Pfeffer was dismissed from his SA command in 1930 and from the Nazi Party in 1941. He died in 1968.", "Q887154": "BL\u00d8F is a Dutch rock band from Vlissingen, Zeeland, founded in 1992 by Peter Slager. Current members are Peter Slager (bass), Paskal Jakobsen (lead vocals and guitar), Bas Kennis (keyboards) and Norman Bonink (drums). Former members are Henk Tjoonk (drums) and Chris G\u00f6tte (drums).\nThe group in one of the most popular bands in the Netherlands and has won 8 Edison Awards. In 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2004 they received the Edison Award for \u201cBest Band in the Netherlands\u201d.\nOutside of the Netherlands, they are best known for their collaborations with international bands and musicians.\nWhen BL\u00d8F played in Bhutan as part of their Umoja project in 2006, it was the biggest concert in terms of attendance the country had seen to date.", "Q233237": "Viola Lynn Collins (born May 16, 1977) is an American actress. She has made television appearances in True Blood and Manhunt: Unabomber, and is recognized for her roles in films such as X-Men Origins: Wolverine and John Carter.", "Q107894": "On Her Majesty's Secret Service is a 1969 spy film and the sixth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions. It is based on the 1963 novel of the same name by Ian Fleming. Following Sean Connery's decision to retire from the role after You Only Live Twice, Eon Productions selected an unknown actor and model, George Lazenby, to play the part of James Bond. During the making of the film, Lazenby announced that he would play the role of Bond only once.\nIn the film, Bond faces Blofeld (Telly Savalas), who is planning to hold the world ransom by the threat of sterilising the world's food supply through a group of brainwashed \"angels of death\". Along the way Bond meets, falls in love with, and eventually marries Contessa Teresa di Vicenzo (Diana Rigg).\nIt is the only Bond film to have been directed by Peter R. Hunt, who had served as a film editor and second unit director on previous films in the series. Hunt, along with producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman, decided to produce a more realistic film that would follow the novel closely. It was shot in Switzerland, England, and Portugal from October 1968 to May 1969. Although its cinema release was not as lucrative as its predecessor You Only Live Twice, On Her Majesty's Secret Service was still one of the top performing films of the year. Critical reviews upon release were mixed, but the film's reputation has improved greatly over time.\n\n", "Q262078": "\u0130dil Biret (born 21 November 1941) is a Turkish concert pianist, renowned for her interpretations of the Romantic repertoire.", "Q213681": "Freiherr Adolph Franz Friedrich Ludwig Knigge (16 October 1752 \u2013 6 May 1796) was a German writer, Freemason, and a leading member of the Order of the Illuminati.\n\nKnigge was born in Bredenbeck (now a part of Wennigsen, Lower Saxony) in the Electorate of Hanover as a member of the lesser nobility. When he was barely eleven, his mother died, and when his father died three years later the teenager inherited a large debt. His creditors took possession of the family property and assigned the boy a meagre pension of 500 thalers.He studied law from 1769 to 1772 in G\u00f6ttingen where he became a member of Corps Hannovera. He was allegedly initiated into Freemasonry in 1772 in Kassel, where he held a position as Court Squire (hofjunker) and Assessor of the War and Domains Exchequer. In 1777 he became Chamberlain at the Weimar court.\nIn 1780 Knigge joined Adam Weishaupt's Bavarian Illuminati and his work with the Illuminati gave the group a great deal of publicity. But in 1783 dissensions arose between Knigge and Weishaupt, which resulted in Knigge's final withdrawal from the group on 1 July 1784. Knigge stated that he could no longer endure Weishaupt's pedantic domineering, which frequently assumed offensive forms. He accused Weishaupt of \"Jesuitism\", and suspected him of being \"a Jesuit in disguise\" (Nachtr., I, 129). \"And was I\", he adds, \"to labour under his banner for mankind, to lead men under the yoke of so stiff-necked a fellow?\u2014Never!\"\nKnigge's involvement with the Illuminati, support of the advancement of human rights, and a period of serious illness led to the loss of support of his aristocratic sponsors and finally his fortune. Knigge found a measure of financial stability again with a position in Bremen in 1790. He died in Bremen in 1796.\nIn Germany, Knigge is best remembered for his book \u00dcber den Umgang mit Menschen (On Human Relations), a treatise on the fundamental principles of human relations that has the reputation of being the authoritative guide to behaviour, politeness, and etiquette. The work is more of a sociological and philosophical treatise on the basis of human relations than a how-to guide on etiquette, but the German word \u201cKnigge\u201d has come to mean \u201cgood manners\u201d or books on etiquette.", "Q4073516": "Igor Stanisl\u0430\u0301vovich Ashm\u0430\u0301nov (born 9 January 1962, in Moscow) \u2014 Russian entrepreneur specializing in information technology, artificial intelligence, software development, project management. He directed development of the linguistic module ORFO of the Russian edition of Microsoft Office, a family of Multilex electronic dictionaries, Spamtest spam filter etc.Managing partner of Ashmanov & Partners, investor and co-owner of dozens of IT startups, one of the founders and most well-known top managers of the Russian IT industry.Doctor of Science. Multimillionaire. Co-chair in Great Fatherland Party.\nCo-founder of Internet Research Agency.\n\n", "Q202954": "Verviers (French pronunciation: \u200b[v\u025b\u0281vje]; Walloon: Verv\u00ee) is a Walloon city and municipality located in the Belgian province of Li\u00e8ge.\nThe Verviers municipality includes the old communes of Ensival, Lambermont, Petit-Rechain, Stembert, and Heusy. It is also the center of an agglomeration that includes Dison and Pepinster\nmaking it the second biggest in the province and an important regional center, located roughly halfway between Li\u00e8ge and the German border.\nWater has played an important role in the town's economy, notably in the development first of its textile and later tourist industries. As a result, many fountains have been built in Verviers, leading it to be named Wallonia's \"Water Capital\". The seats of the two Walloon public institutions for water distribution and water treatment are located in the town.", "Q74894": "Martin Fowler (born 1963) is a British software developer, author and international public speaker on software development, specialising in object-oriented analysis and design, UML, patterns, and agile software development methodologies, including extreme programming.\nHis 1999 book Refactoring popularised the practice of code refactoring. In 2004 he introduced Presentation Model (PM), an architectural pattern.", "Q275504": "Genevi\u00e8ve Tabouis (23 September 1892 in Paris \u2013 22 September 1985 in Paris) was a French historian and journalist.", "Q1486": "Buenos Aires ( or ; Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8bwenos \u02c8ai\u027ees]) is the capital and largest city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the estuary of the R\u00edo de la Plata, on the South American continent's southeastern coast. \"Buenos Aires\" can be translated as \"fair winds\" or \"good airs\", but the former was the meaning intended by the founders in the 16th century, by the use of the original name \"Real de Nuestra Se\u00f1ora Santa Mar\u00eda del Buen Ayre\", named after the Madonna of Bonaria in Sardinia. The Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas, with a population of around 15.6 million.The city of Buenos Aires is neither part of Buenos Aires Province nor the Province's capital; rather, it is an autonomous district. In 1880, after decades of political infighting, Buenos Aires was federalized and removed from Buenos Aires Province. The city limits were enlarged to include the towns of Belgrano and Flores; both are now neighborhoods of the city. The 1994 constitutional amendment granted the city autonomy, hence its formal name of Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires; \"CABA\"). Its citizens first elected a chief of government (i.e. mayor) in 1996; previously, the mayor was directly appointed by the President of the Republic.\nBuenos Aires' quality of life was ranked 91st in the world in 2018, being one of the best in Latin America. In 2012, it was the most visited city in South America, and the second-most visited city of Latin America (behind Mexico City).Buenos is known for its preserved Eclectic European architecture and rich cultural life. Buenos Aires held the 1st Pan American Games in 1951 as well as hosting two venues in the 1978 FIFA World Cup. Buenos Aires hosted the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics and the 2018 G20 summit.Buenos Aires is a multicultural city, being home to multiple ethnic and religious groups. Several languages are spoken in the city in addition to Spanish, contributing to its culture and the dialect spoken in the city and in some other parts of the country. This is because in the last 151 years the city, and the country in general, has been a major recipient of millions of immigrants from all over the world, making it a melting pot where several ethnic groups live together and being considered one of the most diverse cities of the Americas.", "Q337045": "Alan Stevenson FRSE LLD MInstCE (28 April 1807 \u2013 23 December 1865) was a Scottish civil engineer, known for designing and building lighthouses in and around Scotland.", "Q111748": "Michael Swierczek (born 1961 in Hanover) is a German politician who lives in Munich.\nSwierczek began his political career as a member of the Young National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD). He was one of the leaders of the Freien Nationalisten before taking over the leadership of the Munich Kameradschaft of the Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists (ANS/NA). Swierczek then threw his lot in with the Free German Workers' Party (FAP), serving that group as both Vice General Secretary and chair of the FAP-Landesverbandes Bayern.Swierczek split from the FAP in 1990 and formed his own group, National Offensive, in Augsburg on 3 July. Although claiming only around 140 members the group became an important source of propaganda and as leader Swierczek became an important figure in historical revisionism, organising events that featured David Irving and other leading figures as speakers. However this group, which was mostly active in Bavaria and Saxony, was banned by the Federal Minister of the Interior on 22 December 1992.Following the outlawing of National Offensive, Swierczek continued in his attempts to organise extremist movements. After attempting to reconvene the ANS/NA he was tried before the Stuttgart regional court and, on 7 May 1995, was sentenced to 15 months imprisonment for trying to restart this banned group. He has subsequently returned to the NPD.", "Q1557923": "Gwyn Ashton (born 1960, Wales) is a Welsh-Australian blues/rock guitarist and singer-songwriter.", "Q55682": "Satish Vasant Alekar (born 30 January 1949) is a Marathi playwright, actor, and theatre director. A founder member of the Theatre Academy of Pune, and most known for his plays Mahanirvan (1974), Mahapoor (1975), Atirekee (1990), Pidhijat (2003), Mickey ani Memsahib (1973), and Begum Barve (1979), all of which he also directed for the Academy. Today, along with Mahesh Elkunchwar and Vijay Tendulkar he is one of the most influential and progressive playwrights not just in modern Marathi theatre, but also larger modern Indian theatre.He has also remained the head of Centre for Performing Arts, University of Pune (1996\u20132009), which he founded, after forgoing the Directorship of NSD and previously remained an adjunct professor at various universities in US, at the Duke University, Durhum, NC (1994), Performance Studies, Tisch School of the Arts, New York University as a Fulbright Scholar (2003). and Dept. Theatre and Film Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (2005)\nHe was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in Playwriting (Marathi) in 1994, by Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama. He received the award \"Padamshree\" (\u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940) conferred by the President of India in January 2012.\nSince 2013 Satish Alekar is nominated by Savitribai Phule Pune University as Distinguished Professor on the campus. \nRecently he is also known for his screen acting both in Marathi and Hindi feature films. He is seen in the character roles of award winning films like Ventilator (2016).", "Q3295926": "Martin A. \"Marty\" Sklar (February 6, 1934 \u2013 July 27, 2017) was a scriptwriter and construction developer. He was The Walt Disney Company's international ambassador for Walt Disney Imagineering, the subsidiary of the company which designs and constructs Disney theme parks and resorts across the world. He was formerly vice president of Concepts and Planning for the company, before being promoted to president, then vice chairman and principal creative executive before his final role. Disney honored him with a Disneyland window dedication ceremony on his date of retirement, July 17, 2009.", "Q213859": "Johann Christoph von W\u00f6llner (19 May 1732, D\u00f6beritz, Margraviate of Brandenburg \u2013 10 September 1800, Grossriez near Beeskow) was a Prussian pastor and politician under King Frederick William II. He inclined to mysticism and joined the Freemasons and Rosicrucians.\nW\u00f6llner, whom Frederick the Great had described as a \"treacherous and intriguing priest,\" had started life as a poor tutor in the family of General August Frederick von Itzenplitz, a noble of the Margraviate of Brandenburg. After the general's death and to the scandal of king and nobility, he married the general's daughter, and with his mother-in-law's assistance settled down on a small estate. By his practical experiments and by his writings he gained a considerable reputation as an economist; but his ambition was not content with this, and he sought to extend his influence by joining first the Freemasons and afterwards the Rosicrucians. W\u00f6llner, with his impressive personality and easy if superficial eloquence, was just the man to lead a movement of this kind. Under his influence the order spread rapidly, and he soon found himself the supreme director (Oberhauptdirektor) of several circles, which included in their membership princes, officers and high officials. As a Rosicrucian W\u00f6llner dabbled in alchemy and other mystic arts, but he was also zealous for Christian orthodoxy as well as the Enlightenment concept of religion as an important factor in maintaining public order. A few months before Frederick II's death, W\u00f6llner wrote to his friend the Rosicrucian Johann Rudolph von Bischoffswerder (1741\u20131803) that his highest ambition was to be placed at the head of the religious department of the state as an unworthy instrument in the hand of Ormesus (the prince of Prussia's Rosicrucian name) \"for the purpose of saving millions of souls from perdition and bringing back the whole country to the faith of Jesus Christ.\"\nDespite this statement, king Frederick William II of Prussia, with Christoph von W\u00f6llner as Minister of Justice and head of the Office for the Worship, instituted the K\u00f6nigliche Examinations-Commission in geistlichen Sachen with the declared public purpose of managing and controlling any religious or spiritual activity in all the nation, and of applying the relative decree of 9 July 1788. The Commission had also the legal power of confiscation on money and properties.\nAmong the most famous victims of this censorship, Immanuel Kant, with his 1793 first published scripture, counted religion within the limits of mere reason. The theologian Karl Friedrich Bahrdt saw himself forced to lay down his magisterium because of the new regulations.", "Q110456": "Kim Yong-nam (Korean: \uae40\uc601\ub0a8; born February 4, 1928) is the former President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea, from 1998 to 2019. Previously, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1983 to 1998. He was elected a member of the Presidium of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) in 2010.", "Q130786": "Vladimir Bogdanovich Rezun (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043d; born 20 April 1947), known by his pseudonym of Viktor Suvorov (\u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0421\u0443\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432), became known as a Russian writer on Soviet military history after he defected to the United Kingdom in 1978. Of Russian-Ukrainian ancestry, Suvorov attended Russian military schools, was a veteran of the armed forces (including the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia), and had worked as a Soviet military intelligence officer in the Soviet Union. \nWhile next working as an intelligence agent for the UK, Suvorov began his writing career, publishing his first non-fiction books in the 1980s about his own experiences and the structure of Soviet military, intelligence, and secret police. He writes in Russian. \nAmong his later works is Icebreaker (1990), in which he argued that Joseph Stalin planned to use Nazi Germany as a proxy in World War II to establish Soviet control in Europe. He also wrote several follow-up books on the history of the war. Historians have disputed his assertion that Operation Barbarossa was a preemptive strike by Hitler. \n\n", "Q96811": "Arnold Angelus Sch\u00f6lzel (born October 21, 1947) is a German editor and former defector, currently the editor-in-chief of the far-left newspaper Junge Welt. Prior to 1989, Sch\u00f6lzel worked at Humboldt University in East Berlin, and also was an informant for the East German domestic intelligence agency, the Stasi.", "Q229509": "Eva Herzigov\u00e1 (born 10 March 1973) is a Czech supermodel and actress.\n\n", "Q277313": "", "Q454949": "Amarapura (Burmese: \u1021\u1019\u101b\u1015\u1030\u101b, pronounced [\u0294\u0259m\u0259\u0279a\u0330p\u00f9\u0279a\u0330]) is a former capital of Myanmar, and now a township of Mandalay city. Amarapura is bounded by the Irrawaddy river in the west, Chanmyathazi Township in the north, and the ancient capital site of Ava (Inwa) in the south. It was the capital of Myanmar twice during the Konbaung period (1783\u20131821 and 1842\u20131859) before finally being supplanted by Mandalay 11 km north in 1859. It is historically referred to as Taungmyo (Southern City) in relation to Mandalay. Amarapura today is part of Mandalay, as a result of urban sprawl. The township is known today for its traditional silk and cotton weaving, and bronze casting. It is a popular tourist day-trip destination from Mandalay.", "Q5838": "Kabul (Persian: \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200e, romanized: K\u0101bol, Pashto: \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200e, romanized: K\u0101b\u0259l) is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan, located in the eastern section of the country. It is also a municipality, forming part of the greater Kabul Province, and divided into 22 districts. According to estimates in 2020, the population of Kabul is 4.222 million, which includes all the major ethnic groups of Afghanistan. Afghanistan's only city with a population of over 1 million, Kabul serves as its political, cultural and economical center. Rapid urbanization had made Kabul the world's 75th largest city.Kabul is located high up in a narrow valley between the Hindu Kush mountains, with an elevation of 1,790 metres (5,873 ft) making it one of the highest capitals in the world. The city is said to be over 3,500 years old, mentioned since at least the time of the Achaemenid Empire. Located at crossroads in Asia - roughly halfway between Istanbul in the west and Hanoi in the east - it is in a strategic location along the trade routes of South and Central Asia, and a key location of the ancient Silk Road. It has been part of the Achaemenids followed by the Seleucids, Mauryans, Kushans, Kabul Shahis, Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Khwarazmians, Qarlughids, Khaljis, Timurids, Mughals, and Hotaks, until finally becoming part of the Durrani Empire (also known as the \"Afghan Empire\") in 1747. Kabul became the capital of Afghanistan in 1776, during the reign of Timur Shah Durrani, the son of Ahmad Shah Durrani.\nIn the early 19th century, the British occupied the city, but after establishing foreign relations, they were compelled to withdraw all forces from Afghanistan. The city was occupied by the Soviets in 1979 but they too abandoned it after the 1988 Geneva Accords were signed. A civil war in the 1990s between various rebel groups destroyed much of the city, resulting in many casualties. From late 2001 the city has been continuously rebuilt.Kabul is known for its gardens, bazaars, and palaces. It was also formerly a mecca for young western hippies. Despite frequent terrorist attacks in the city, mainly by Taliban insurgents, the city continues to develop and was the fifth fastest-growing city in the world as of 2012.", "Q28899": "Prince Diponegoro (born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar; later Bendara Raden Mas Antawirya) (11 November 1785 \u2013 8 January 1855), also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who opposed the Dutch colonial rule. The eldest son of the Yogyakartan Sultan Hamengkubuwono III, he played an important role in the Java War between 1825 and 1830. After his defeat and capture, he was exiled to Makassar, where he died.\nHis five-year struggle against the Dutch control of Java has become celebrated by Indonesians throughout the years, acting as a source of inspiration for the fighters in the Indonesian National Revolution and nationalism in modern-day Indonesia among others. He is a national hero in Indonesia.", "Q278020": "Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois (19 June 1749 \u2013 8 June 1796) was a French actor, dramatist, essayist, and revolutionary. He was a member of the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror and, while he saved Madame Tussaud from the Guillotine, he administered the execution of more than 2,000 people in the city of Lyon.", "Q221155": "Faheem Rasheed Najm (born September 30, 1985), better known by his stage name T-Pain, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer. His debut album, Rappa Ternt Sanga, was released in 2005. In 2007, T-Pain released his second album Epiphany, which reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart. His third album, Thr33 Ringz, was released in 2008. T-Pain has also released a string of hit singles, including \"I'm Sprung\", \"I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)\", \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\", \"Bartender\", \"Can't Believe It\", \"5 O'Clock\" and more. T-Pain has earned two Grammy Awards, alongside artists Kanye West and Jamie Foxx respectively.\nT-Pain is the founder of the record label imprint Nappy Boy Entertainment, established in 2005. Throughout his career as a singer, T-Pain is best known for using and popularizing the creative use of the Auto-Tune pitch correction effect, used with extreme parameter settings to create distinctive vocal sounds. From 2006 to 2010, T-Pain was featured on more than 50 chart topping singles. His most successful feature to date was on Flo Rida's debut single \"Low\", which has since been certified 6x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).", "Q841701": "Turbonegro (Turboneger in Norway) is a Norwegian rock band, initially active from 1989 to 1998, and then reformed in 2002. Their style combines glam rock, punk rock and hard rock into a style the band describes as \"deathpunk\".\nAmong the band's main influences are Black Flag, the Rolling Stones, KISS, Venom, Radio Birdman, AC/DC, Iggy Pop & James Williamson, Circle Jerks, David Bowie, Ramones, the Lewd, Hanoi Rocks, Alice Cooper, Negazione, the Dictators and the Stooges.", "Q374168": "Frederick Henry Mueller (November 22, 1893 \u2013 August 31, 1976) was a U.S. cabinet officer. He served as the United States Secretary of Commerce from 1959 until 1961, during the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.\n\n", "Q767485": "Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide or both cannot be kept at normal levels. A drop in the oxygen carried in blood is known as hypoxemia; a rise in arterial carbon dioxide levels is called hypercapnia. Respiratory failure is classified as either Type 1 or Type 2, based on whether there is a high carbon dioxide level, and can be either acute or chronic. The definition of respiratory failure in clinical trials usually includes increased respiratory rate, abnormal blood gases (hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or both), and evidence of increased work of breathing. Respiratory failure causes an altered mental status due to ischemia in the brain.The normal partial pressure reference values are: oxygen PaO2 more than 80 mmHg (11 kPa), and carbon dioxide PaCO2 less than 45 mmHg (6.0 kPa).", "Q61527": "Herta Oberheuser (15 May 1911 in Cologne, German Empire \u2013 24 January 1978 in Linz am Rhein, West Germany) was a Nazi physician and a war criminal who worked at the Auschwitz and Ravensbr\u00fcck concentration camps from 1940 until 1943.", "Q3400970": "The Central Sofia Cemetery (Bulgarian: \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0430, Tsentralni sofiyski grobishta) or the Orlandovtsi Cemetery (\"\u041e\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0446\u0438\") is the main cemetery in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. The cemetery has several chapels used by various Christian denominations, such as a Bulgarian Orthodox church of the Dormition of the Theotokos,[1] a Roman Catholic chapel of Saint Francis of Assisi,[2][3] an Armenian Apostolic chapel,[4] a Jewish synagogue, etc.[5] The cemetery also features Russian, Serbian, Romanian and British military sections.", "Q180723": "Ami Suzuki (\u9234\u6728\u4e9c\u7f8e, Suzuki Ami, born 9 February 1982) is a Japanese recording artist, DJ, and actress from Zama, Kanagawa, Japan. Having been discovered at the talent TV show Asayan, she was one of the most popular female teen idol in the late 1990s. However, in 2000, Suzuki faced legal problems with her management company resulting in a controversial blacklisting from the entertainment industry. Suzuki attempted to resurrect her career under her own steam with two indie singles before signing to Avex Trax in 2005. She released \"Delightful\", a dance song that reached No. 3 on the Japanese Oricon charts with a style similar to electronic club music, significantly different from her pop idol days. Since her appearance in the 2006 film Rainbow Song, Suzuki has gradually made a name for herself in the acting field, starring in various movies, television series, and musicals.", "Q16977": "Deng Xiaoping (, also UK: ; courtesy name Xixian; 22 August 1904 \u2013 19 February 1997) was a Chinese politician who was the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China from 1978 until his retirement in 1992. After Chairman Mao Zedong's death in 1976, Deng gradually rose to power and led China through a series of far-reaching market-economy reforms, which earned him the reputation as the \"Architect of Modern China.\"\nBorn into an educated land-owning family in Sichuan province, Deng studied and worked in France in the 1920s, where he became a follower of Marxism\u2013Leninism. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1923. Upon returning to China, Deng joined the party organization in Shanghai, becoming a political commissar for the Red Army in rural regions. In 1931, he was demoted within the party due to his support of Mao Zedong, but was promoted again during the 1935 Zunyi Conference. By late 1930s, Deng was considered a \"revolutionary veteran\" because he participated in the Long March. Following the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Deng worked in Tibet as well as in southwest China to consolidate Communist control. As the party's Secretary-general in the 1950s, Deng presided over the Anti-Rightist Campaign launched by Mao and became instrumental in China's economic reconstruction following the Great Leap Forward (1958-1960). However, his economic policies caused him to fall out of favor with Mao Zedong and he was purged twice during the Cultural Revolution.\nFollowing Mao Zedong's death in 1976, Deng outmaneuvered the late chairman's chosen successor Hua Guofeng and became the new paramount leader of China in December 1978. Inheriting a country beset with social conflict, disenchantment with the Communist Party and institutional disorder resulting from the chaotic policies of the Mao era, Deng began to bring the country back to order. From 1977 to early 1979, he resumed the College Entrance Examination in China which was interrupted by the Cultural Revolution for ten years, initiated the historic Reform and Opening-up of China, and started a one-month Sino-Vietnamese War. In August 1980, he started China's political reforms by setting term limits for officials and proposing a systematic revision of China's third Constitution which was made during the Cultural Revolution; the new Constitution embodied Chinese-style constitutionalism and was passed by the National People's Congress in December 1982, with most of its content still being effective as of today. In the 1980s, Deng supported the family planning policy to cope with China's overpopulation crisis, helped establish China's nine-year compulsory education, and launched the 863 Program for science and technology.\nWhile Deng never held office as the head of state, head of government or General Secretary (leader of the Communist Party), some called him \"the architect\" of a new brand of thinking that combined socialist ideology with free enterprise, dubbed \"socialism with Chinese characteristics\". He opened China to foreign investment and the global market, policies that are credited with developing China into one of the fastest-growing economies in the world for several generations and raising the standard of living of hundreds of millions. Deng was the Time Person of the Year in 1978 and 1985, the third Chinese leader and the fourth time for a communist leader to be selected. He was criticized for ordering the crackdown on the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, but was praised for his reaffirmation of the reform program in his Southern Tour of 1992 as well as the reversion of Hong Kong to Chinese control in 1997.\n\n", "Q112241": "Wilhelm Kress (29 July 1836 in Saint Petersburg \u2013 24 February 1913 in Vienna) was an aviation pioneer and an early aircraft designer.", "Q209801": "Himeji (\u59eb\u8def\u5e02, Himeji-shi) is a city located in Hy\u014dgo Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan.\nAs of May 1, 2016, the city has an estimated population of 534,881, with 213,950 households and a population density of 1,000.84 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 534.43 km2 (206.34 sq mi).\nThe city is surrounded by the mountains and the sea.\nSo, Himeji has always been a somewhat isolated city, but the local people are known for their hospitality.", "Q1797215": "Norberto Odebrecht (Brazilian Portuguese: [od\u025b\u02c8b\u027e\u025b(t\u0361)\u0283]) (October 9, 1920 \u2013 July 19, 2014) was a Brazilian engineer, businessman and philanthropist. He was the founder of Odebrecht.\n\n", "Q66248": "Wilhelm Genazino (22 January 1943 \u2013 12 December 2018) was a German journalist and author. He worked first as a journalist for the satirical magazine pardon and for Lesezeichen. From the early 1970s, he was a freelance writer who became known by a trilogy of novels, Abschaffel-Trilogie, completed in 1979. It was followed by more novels and two plays. Among his many awards is the prestigious Georg B\u00fcchner Prize.", "Q720725": "Eric Robin Bell (born 3 September 1947 in East Belfast, Northern Ireland) is a Northern Irish rock and blues musician, best known as a founder member and the original guitarist of the rock group Thin Lizzy. After his time in Thin Lizzy, he briefly fronted his own group before joining The Noel Redding Band in the mid-1970s. He has since released several solo albums and performs regularly with a blues-based trio, the Eric Bell Band.", "Q173640": "Jimmy Jackson (July 25, 1910 \u2013 November 24, 1984) was an American racecar driver from Indianapolis, Indiana.", "Q85138": "Emil Barth (Heidelberg, 23 April 1879 \u2013 Berlin, 17 July 1941) was a German Social Democratic party worker who became a key figure in the German Revolution of 1918. \nBarth joined the anti-war Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) in 1917, and became leader of the revolutionary shop stewards in January 1918. He was one of six members of the Council of the People's Deputies (Rat der Volksbeauftragten) created on 10 November 1918 in Berlin to govern Germany after Kaiser Wilhelm II had abdicated and the Republic had been proclaimed by Karl Liebknecht and Philipp Scheidemann. Three members of the Council were Majority Social Democrats (Ebert, Scheidemann and Landsberg), and three were Independent Social Democrats (Haase, Dittmann and Barth). While the former two USPD commissioners were moderate and interested in conciliation with the MSPD, Barth was the most left-wing, associated with Karl Liebknecht, who refused to serve on the Council because it had a non-revolutionary majority. \nThat same day, 10 November, Barth first acceded to Ebert's plan to place the revolutionary soldiers back under the command of their (counter-revolutionary) officers, but then changed his position in a drawn-out but stormy speech later that evening. The soldiers should not submit to the old \"discipline\" of their officers. Many heeded Barth's call, and the revolution gained momentum during November. On 29 December 1918, Barth and the other USPD members resigned from the Council to protest Ebert's use of army regulars to disperse a 24 December demonstration by revolutionary sailors demanding back pay. The Council then added two MSPD members, Noske and Wissell, and began calling itself Reich Government.\nAlthough he became somewhat more moderate by the end of 1918, Barth had always been the Council's most radical member, calling on workers, for instance, not to 'debase the revolution to a movement for wages,' since that would merely ameliorate conditions, making fundamental change less likely (in an article in Die Rote Fahne, 28 November 1918). In 1920 Barth published his memoirs as From the Workshop of the Revolution, in which he claimed that the USPD had worked toward fomenting revolution against the German war machine already years earlier, and portrayed himself somewhat grandiosely as a major leader. That book was later (for instance in the 1925 Dolchstoss-Trial) used as evidence that the left had undermined the war effort. \nIn 1921/22 Barth became a member of the SPD when the MSPD and USPD merged into one party again. (He did not join the more radical Communist Party KPD, which had split from the USPD in early 1919.) He held some speeches for the SPD during the 1920s, and was arrested several times during the Nazi period after 1933. He died in 1941.", "Q487522": "Klosterneuburg German pronunciation: [\u02c8klo\u02d0st\u0250n\u0254\u026a\u032fb\u028a\u0281k] (frequently abbreviated as \"Kloburg\" by locals) is a town in Tulln District in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It has a population of about 26,000. The Klosterneuburg Monastery, which was established in 1114 and soon after given to the Augustinians, is of particular historical importance.", "Q511554": "Anthony Mackie (born September 23, 1978) is an American actor and film producer. He has been featured in films, television series and Broadway and Off-Broadway plays, including Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, Drowning Crow, McReele, A Soldier's Play and Carl Hancock Rux's Talk, for which he won an Obie Award in 2002.\nIn 2002, he was featured in Eminem's film debut, 8 Mile. He was nominated for Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor for his role in Brother to Brother. His second nomination was for Best Supporting Actor at the 2009 Independent Spirit Awards for his role in The Hurt Locker.\nHe achieved global recognition with his portrayal of Sam Wilson / Falcon in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, making his first appearance in Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) and later in Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Ant-Man (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019), as well as the upcoming Disney+ exclusive limited series, The Falcon and the Winter Soldier.\nIn May 2016, he co-starred in the HBO TV film All the Way, and starred in the second season of Netflix's Altered Carbon in 2020.", "Q49240": "Stockton is the county seat of San Joaquin County in the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California. Stockton was founded by Captain Charles Maria Weber in 1849 after he acquired Rancho Campo de los Franceses. The city is named after Robert F. Stockton, and it was the first community in California to have a name not of Spanish or Native American origin. The city is located on the San Joaquin River in the northern San Joaquin Valley and had an estimated population of 311,178 by the California Department of Finance for 2018. Stockton is the 13th largest city in California and the 61st largest city in the United States. It was named an All-America City in 1999, 2004, 2015 and again in 2017.\nBuilt during the California Gold Rush, Stockton's seaport serves as a gateway to the Central Valley and beyond. It provided easy access for trade and transportation to the southern gold mines. The University of the Pacific (UOP), chartered in 1851, is the oldest university in California, and has been located in Stockton since 1923. In 2012 Stockton filed for what was then the largest municipal bankruptcy in US history, which had multiple causes including financial mismanagement in the 1990s, generous fringe benefits to unionized city employees, and the 2008 financial crisis. Stockton successfully exited bankruptcy in February 2015.", "Q433939": "Ren\u00e9 Jacobs (born 30 October 1946) is a Belgian musician. He came to fame as a countertenor but in recent years has become renowned as a conductor of Baroque and early Classical opera.", "Q974023": "Daniel John Hannan (born 1 September 1971) is a British writer, journalist and politician. He is the founding President of the Initiative for Free Trade and was a Conservative Member of the European Parliament for South East England from 1999 until the United Kingdom's exit from the EU in 2020.\nHe writes regular columns for The Sunday Telegraph, the International Business Times, ConservativeHome and the Washington Examiner as well as occasional columns in the Daily Mail, The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, The Sun, The Spectator and the Wall Street Journal. He is editor-in-chief of The Conservative, a quarterly journal of centre-right political thought. He has published several books.He was the first Secretary-General of the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe (ACRE), serving from 2009 to 2018. He was one of the founders of Vote Leave, one of the organisations that campaigned to leave the EU in 2016, and served on its board throughout the referendum, in which he played a prominent role, participating in a number of public debates.In December 2018, Hannan ranked 738 out of 751 MEPs for his participation in roll call votes in the European Parliament.", "Q135615": "Springfield is the third largest city in the state of Missouri and the county seat of Greene County. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 159,498. As of 2018, the Census Bureau estimated its population at 168,122. It is the principal city of the Springfield metropolitan area, which has a population of 462,369 and includes the counties of Christian, Dallas, Greene, Polk, and Webster.Springfield's nickname is \"Queen City of the Ozarks\" and it is known as the \"Birthplace of Route 66\". It is home to three universities, Missouri State University, Drury University, and Evangel University.", "Q92444": "J\u00fcrgen Goslar (born 26 March 1927 in Oldenburg, Germany) is a German actor and director.", "Q706084": "Edward Sanders (born August 17, 1939) is an American poet, singer, social activist, environmentalist, author, publisher and longtime member of the band the Fugs. He has been called a bridge between the Beat and hippie generations. Sanders is considered to have been active and \"present at the counterculture's creation.\"", "Q240554": "Kristen Marie Pfaff (May 26, 1967 \u2013 June 16, 1994) was an American musician, best known as the bassist for alternative rock band Hole from 1993 to 1994. Prior to Hole, Pfaff was the bassist and backing vocalist for Minneapolis-based band Janitor Joe. Pfaff returned to Janitor Joe for a short tour in the weeks before her death.\n\n", "Q219421": "The Mask is a 1994 American superhero comedy film directed by Charles Russell, produced by Bob Engelman, and written by Mike Werb, loosely based on the Mask comics published by Dark Horse Comics. The first installment in the Mask franchise, it stars Jim Carrey, Peter Riegert, Peter Greene, Amy Yasbeck, Richard Jeni, and Cameron Diaz in her film debut. Carrey plays Stanley Ipkiss, an unfortunate bank clerk who finds a magical mask that transforms him into a mischievous gangster with superpowers.\nThe film was released on July 29, 1994, by New Line Cinema, becoming a critical and commercial success. The film grossed over $351 million on a $23 million budget, which made it the second most profitable film based on a comic up to that point, behind Superman (1978). It cemented Carrey's reputation as a dominant actor of the 1990s, and it established Diaz as a leading lady. Carrey was nominated for a Golden Globe for his role, and the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects but lost to Forrest Gump. A spin-off, Son of the Mask, was released in 2005.\n\n", "Q577809": "Victor George \"Vic\" Atiyeh (; February 20, 1923 \u2013 July 20, 2014) was an American politician and member of the Republican Party who served as the 32nd Governor of Oregon from 1979 to 1987. He was also the first elected governor of Syrian descent in the United States.Atiyeh was elected in 1978, defeating incumbent Democratic Governor Robert W. Straub. He was re-elected against future Governor Ted Kulongoski with 61.6% of the vote in 1982, the largest margin in 32 years. Prior to being elected Governor, Atiyeh had served continuously in the Oregon Legislature since 1959, initially in the House and later in the Senate. To date, Atiyeh is the last Republican to have served as the governor of Oregon.\n\n", "Q80040": "The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; Kazakh: singular: \u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b, Qazaq, [q\u0251\u02c8z\u0251q] (listen), plural: \u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0440, Qazaqtar, [q\u0251z\u0251q\u02c8t\u0251r] (listen); the English name is transliterated from Russian) are a Turkic ethnic group who mainly inhabit the Ural Mountains and northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also parts of Russia, Uzbekistan, Mongolia and China), the region also known as the Eurasian sub-continent. Kazakh identity is of medieval origin and was strongly shaped by the foundation of the Kazakh Khanate between 1456 and 1465, when several tribes under the rule of the sultans Zhanibek and Kerey departed from the Khanate of Abu'l-Khayr Khan.\nThe Kazakhs are descendants of the Turkic and medieval Mongol tribes \u2013 Argyns, Dughlats, Naimans, Jalairs, Keraits, Qarluqs and of the Kipchaks.The term Kazakh is sometimes used to denote Kazakhstanis who are not necessarily ethnic Kazakhs, for example Alexander Vinokourov.", "Q65972": "Friedrich August Karl Ferdinand Julius von Holstein (April 24, 1837 \u2013 May 8, 1909) was a civil servant of the German Empire and served as the head of the political department of the German Foreign Office for more than thirty years. He played a major role in shaping foreign policy after Bismarck was dismissed in 1890.", "Q436699": "Andrew Barton \"Banjo\" Paterson, (17 February 1864 \u2013 5 February 1941) was an Australian bush poet, journalist and author. He wrote many ballads and poems about Australian life, focusing particularly on the rural and outback areas, including the district around Binalong, New South Wales, where he spent much of his childhood. Paterson's more notable poems include \"Clancy of the Overflow\" (1889), \"The Man from Snowy River\" (1890) and \"Waltzing Matilda\" (1895), regarded widely as Australia's unofficial national anthem.", "Q167635": "Tyler Gregory Okonma (born March 6, 1991), better known as Tyler, the Creator, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, designer and music video director. He rose to prominence in the early 2010s as the co-founder and de facto leader of the alternative hip hop group Odd Future, and has performed on and produced songs for nearly every Odd Future release. As a solo artist, Tyler has released one mixtape and five studio albums, often handling most or all production himself.\nFollowing a large contribution to Odd Future's early work, Tyler released his debut solo mixtape Bastard in 2009. After releasing his debut studio album Goblin under XL Recordings in April 2011, he signed a joint venture deal with RED Distribution and Sony Music Entertainment for him and his label Odd Future Records. With his gritty and horrorcore-influenced earlier releases, Tyler was often criticized for his use of homophobic and misogynistic slurs in his lyrics. He subsequently released the albums Wolf (2013) and Cherry Bomb (2015). In 2015, he was banned from entering the UK for three to five years, which forced him to cancel a string of tour dates supporting Cherry Bomb. Tyler's fourth album Flower Boy (2017) was met with widespread acclaim and was considered to be a contrast from his previous releases, as he experimented with a more melody-focused and jazz-fused sound. His fifth album Igor (2019) debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, becoming his first US number one album, and won Best Rap Album at the 62nd Grammy Awards.Tyler has won a Grammy Award, a Brit Award, an MTV Video Music Award, and a Wall Street Journal Award. He has created all of the cover art for Odd Future's releases, and has also designed the group's clothing and other merchandise. In 2011, Tyler started the clothing company Golf Wang. In 2012, he began hosting an annual music festival named the Camp Flog Gnaw Carnival. He created his own streaming service app named Golf Media, which ran between 2015 and 2018 and contained original scripted series from Tyler and a live stream of each Camp Flog Gnaw Carnival.", "Q1123266": "Enigma Records (also known as Enigma Entertainment Corporation) was a popular rock and alternative American record label in the 1980s.", "Q21913138": "Primiero San Martino di Castrozza is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Trentino in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol.\nIt was established on 1 January 2016 by the merger of the municipalities of Fiera di Primiero, Siror, Tonadico and Transacqua.", "Q274829": "Eufemia \"Femi\" Benussi (born 4 March 1945) is an Italian film actress. She appeared in 82 films between 1965 and 1983.\nBenussi was born in Rovigno, Italy (now Rovinj, Croatia). She debuted on stage at the Teatro del Popolo of Rijeka, then she moved in Rome and made her film debut at 19 in Il boia scarlatto, with the stage name Femy Martin. Benussi was mainly active in genre films, and in the seventies she became a star of the commedia sexy all'italiana subgenre.", "Q100876": "David Friedrich Weinland (30 August 1829 in Grabenstetten \u2013 19 September 1915 in Hohenwittlingen) was a German zoologist and novelist.\nHe studied theology and natural sciences in T\u00fcbingen, then worked as an assistant at the Zoological Museum in Berlin. From 1855 he conducted scientific investigations in Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean (especially Haiti). In 1859 he returned to Germany as director of the Frankfurt Zoological Garden \u2014 in this capacity he edited the journal \"Der Zoologische Garten\".Following the publication of Otto Hahn's 1880 work, Die Meteorite (Chondrite) und ihre Organismen, Weinland publicly supported Hahn's theory regarding the chondrites. In 1881 Weinland, writing in the popular geographical journal Das Ausland, asserted the correctness of Hahn's attempt to classify the inclusions of the chondrites as organic, although slightly modifying Hahn's original assignment of the genera, by stating that the chondrites are in fact nothing but fossiliferous rocks, i.e. the petrified remains of life-forms. He published in 1882 a treatise entitled Ueber die in Meteoriten entdeckten Thiereste in which he established sixteen new genera, each with multiple species.He was the father of chemist Rudolf Friedrich Weinland (1865\u20131936).", "Q177340": "Nim's Island is a 2008 adventure film written and directed by Jennifer Flackett and Mark Levin, and based on the children's story of the same name by Wendy Orr. A young girl alone on a remote island seeks help from an agoraphobic San Franciscan author. While the author attempts to overcome her agoraphobia to search of her, Nim tries to overcome her fear of losing her father. It stars Abigail Breslin, Jodie Foster, and Gerard Butler, and was released on 4 April 2008 by 20th Century Fox. The film received mixed reviews from critics and earned $100.1 million on a $37 million budget.", "Q81438": "Walt Whitman (; May 31, 1819 \u2013 March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist, and journalist. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse. His work was controversial in its time, particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass, which was described as obscene for its overt sensuality. Whitman's own life came under scrutiny for his presumed homosexuality.\nBorn in Huntington on Long Island, Whitman worked as a journalist, a teacher, and a government clerk. At age 11, he left formal schooling to go to work. As a child and through much of his career he resided in Brooklyn. Whitman's major work, Leaves of Grass, was first published in 1855 with his own money. The work was an attempt at reaching out to the common person with an American epic. He continued expanding and revising it until his death in 1892. During the American Civil War, he went to Washington, D.C. and worked in hospitals caring for the wounded. His poetry often focused on both loss and healing. Two of his well known poems, \"O Captain! My Captain!\" and \"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd\", were written on the death of Abraham Lincoln. After a stroke towards the end of his life, Whitman moved to Camden, New Jersey, where his health further declined. When he died at age 72, his funeral was a public event.Whitman's influence on poetry remains strong. Mary Smith Whitall Costelloe argued: \"You cannot really understand America without Walt Whitman, without Leaves of Grass ... He has expressed that civilization, 'up to date,' as he would say, and no student of the philosophy of history can do without him.\" Modernist poet Ezra Pound called Whitman \"America's poet ... He is America.\"", "Q99277": "Alfons Pawelczyk (born 1933 in Parnow, Province of Pomerania) is a German politician. As a representative of the Social Democratic Party, he was Hamburg Senator (i.e. state minister) of the Interior and second mayor in Hamburg.\nPawelczyk was lieutenant colonel of the German federal armed forces and member of the German federal parliament from 1969 to 1980. He was also member of the Hamburg Parliament, in 1982 state minister (German: Senator) of the Interior, and in 1986 second mayor of Hamburg.", "Q1051182": "Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds are an Australian rock band formed in Melbourne in 1983 by vocalist Nick Cave, multi-instrumentalist Mick Harvey and guitarist-vocalist Blixa Bargeld. The band has featured international personnel throughout its career and presently consists of Cave, violinist and multi-instrumentalist Warren Ellis, bassist Martyn P. Casey (all from Australia), guitarist George Vjestica (United Kingdom), keyboardist/percussionist Toby Dammit (United States) and drummers Thomas Wydler (Switzerland) and Jim Sclavunos (United States). With their \"brutal blues and gothic nightmares\" songs, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds have been considered \"one of the most original and celebrated bands of the post-punk and alternative rock eras in the '80s and onward\". They have released seventeen studio albums and completed numerous international tours.\nThe band was founded in 1983 following the demise of Cave and Harvey's former group the Birthday Party, the members of which met at a boarding school in Victoria. By the release of their fifth studio album Tender Prey in 1988, they shifted from post-punk towards an experimental alternative rock sound, later incorporating various influences throughout their career. 2008's Dig, Lazarus, Dig!!! and the side-project Grinderman were influenced by garage rock. Synthesizers and minimal guitar work feature prominently on Push the Sky Away (2013), recorded after Harvey's departure from the band in 2009.", "Q822271": "Bernard B. Brown (July 24, 1898 \u2013 February 20, 1981) was an American sound engineer and composer, who wrote the scores for many early animated cartoons produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions for distribution by Warner Bros. Pictures. He won an Academy Award in the category Sound Recording and was nominated for seven more in the same category. He was also nominated three times in the category Best Visual Effects. He worked on more than 520 films between 1930 and 1958.", "Q1778039": "Elvira Nikolaisen (born 16 July 1980 in Moi) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter signed for Sony BMG. She released her debut single Love I Can't Defend in December 2005, it reached the number 3 spot on the Norwegian singles list. She followed up the hit with her first album, Quiet Exit, and a second single, Egypt Song, in March 2006. The album peaked at #2 in the Norwegian chart.", "Q89064": "Georg Marischka (born 29 June 1922 in Vienna; died 9 August 1999 in Munich) was an Austrian actor, screen writer, director and film producer for cinema and television.", "Q909786": "Brent Mydland (October 21, 1952 \u2013 July 26, 1990) was an American keyboardist, vocalist, and songwriter. He was a member of The Grateful Dead from 1979 to 1990, a longer tenure than any other keyboardist in the band.\nGrowing up in Concord, California, Mydland took up music while in elementary school. After graduation, he played with a number of bands and recorded one album with Silver before joining the Dead's Bob Weir's solo band. This led to an invitation to join the Dead in 1979, replacing Keith Godchaux who had decided to leave. Mydland quickly became an important member in the Dead, using a variety of keyboards including Hammond organ and various synthesizers and singing regularly. He wrote several songs on the band's studio albums released while he was a member.\nAfter a tour in the early summer 1990, Mydland died of an accidental drug overdose.", "Q120218": "Pierre Imhalsy (14 November 1939 \u2013 17 June 2017) was a Swiss novelist and poet.Imhasly was born in Visp, Switzerland. He studied German literature in Fribourg and Zurich. His major work is The Rhone Saga an epic poem about the Rh\u00f4ne River. Imhasly was the principal translator of Maurice Chappaz's works. Imhasly died 17 June 2017 from cancer.", "Q171731": "Fetih 1453 (English: The Conquest 1453) is a 2012 Turkish epic action film directed by Faruk Aksoy and produced by Faruk Aksoy, Servet Aksoy and Ay\u015fe Germen. Starring Devrim Evin, \u0130brahim \u00c7elikkol and Dilek Serbest, the film is based on fictionalized events surrounding the Fall of Constantinople (now Istanbul) to the Ottoman Turks during the reign of Sultan Mehmed II.", "Q524289": "The Conservatoire national des arts et m\u00e9tiers (CNAM) is a doctoral degree-granting higher education establishment (or grand \u00e9tablissement) and Grande \u00e9cole in engineering, operated by the French government, dedicated to providing education and conducting research for the promotion of science and industry. It has a large museum of inventions accessible to the public.\nIt was founded on 10 October 1794, during the French Revolution. It was first proposed by Abb\u00e9 Henri Gr\u00e9goire as a \"depository for machines, models, tools, drawings, descriptions and books in all the areas of the arts and trades\". The deserted Saint-Martin-des-Champs Priory (and particularly its Gothic refectory by Pierre de Montereau) was selected as the site of collection, which formally opened in 1802.\n\nOriginally charged with the collection of inventions, it has since become an educational institution. At the present time, it is known primarily as a continuing education school for adults seeking engineering (multidisciplinary scientific program) and business degrees, proposing evening classes in a variety of topics.\n\nThe collection of inventions is now operated by the Mus\u00e9e des Arts et M\u00e9tiers. The original Foucault pendulum was exhibited as part of the collection, but was moved to the Panth\u00e9on in 1995 during museum renovation. It was later reinstalled in the Mus\u00e9e des Arts et M\u00e9tiers. On 6 April 2010, the cable suspending the original pendulum bob snapped causing irreparable damage to the pendulum and to the marble flooring of the museum.The novel Foucault's Pendulum by Umberto Eco deals greatly with this establishment, as the Foucault pendulum hung in the museum plays a great role in the storyline. The novel was published in 1989 prior to the pendulum being moved back to the Panth\u00e9on during museum reconstruction.The Conservatoire National des Arts et M\u00e9tiers is located at 292 rue Saint Martin, in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris, in the historical area of the city named Le Marais.", "Q350753": "Adam Ross (born February 15, 1967, New York) is an American novelist and short story writer. His debut novel, Mr. Peanut, was also named a 2010 New York Times Notable Book, as well as one of the best books of the year by The New Yorker, The Philadelphia Inquirer, The New Republic, and The Economist. It has been translated into 16 languages. His story collection, Ladies and Gentlemen, was included in Kirkus Reviews Best Books of 2011.Ross was born and raised in New York City and attended the Trinity School, where he was a state champion wrestler. A child actor, he appeared in movies (The Seduction of Joe Tynan), numerous commercials and television shows, as well as radio dramas such as The Eternal Light and E.G. Marshall's Mystery Theater.\nMr. Peanut, published by Knopf in 2010, was reviewed by Scott Turow on the cover of the New York Times Book Review, who called the novel \u201cthe debut of a prodigiously talented writer\u2026a brilliant, powerful, memorable book.\u201d In her review of the novel, the New York Times\u2019 Michiko Kakutani described it as, \u201cDark, dazzling\u2026The debut of an enormously talented writer,\u201d and called Ross \u201ca literary gymnast [and] a sorcerer with words.\u201d Mr. Peanut tells the story of a video game designer, David Pepin, who is suspected of murdering his wife, Alice. He is interrogated by two detectives, Ward Hastroll (an anagram for Rear Window\u2019s killer Lars Thorwald) and Sam Sheppard, of the infamous Dr. Sam Sheppard murder case. The novel is structured like a M\u00f6bius strip and combines the work of M.C. Escher, Alfred Hitchcock, and true crime wherein the reader is challenged to ascertain which events are real and which are guilty projections of the novel's characters.\nRoss's story collection, Ladies and Gentlemen, was published in 2011.\nHis nonfiction has been published in The New York Times Book Review, The Daily Beast, The Wall Street Journal, and The Nashville Scene. His fiction has appeared in The Carolina Quarterly and FiveChapters.\nIn 2016 he was appointed editor of The Sewanee Review.", "Q2972475": "Nikolskoe Cemetery (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435) is a historic cemetery in the centre of Saint Petersburg. It is part of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, and is one of four cemeteries in the complex.\nThe third cemetery to be established in the monastery complex, the Nikolskoe Cemetery opened in 1863, and rapidly became a popular and exclusive burial site for the elite of Saint Petersburg society. It was carefully arranged and landscaped, with its cemetery church opening in 1871. Taking its name from this church, the Church of St. Nicholas, the cemetery functioned also a burial ground for the clergy and monks of the monastery. The wealthy and important of the city commissioned large and elaborate memorials during the later years of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.\nThe cemetery fell into disrepair during the Soviet period. Unlike other cemeteries in the Lavra, it was not considered to have any particular historical or artistic value. The church was closed and repurposed, burials ceased, and some memorials of more significant figures were moved to other cemeteries, while others were lost or deliberately destroyed. Restoration work began in the 1970s, returning the site to its park-like form. A columbarium was built, the cemetery church reopened, and work to repair and refurbish the monuments began. Burials recommenced in the late 1970s, and now the cemetery includes prominent figures of Soviet and post-Soviet society, as well as those of the era of Imperial Russia.", "Q116972": "Dom. Nuno Jos\u00e9 Severo de Mendo\u00e7a Rolim de Moura Barreto, 2nd Marquis of Loul\u00e9, 9th Count of Vale de Reis, (6 November 1804 \u2013 22 May 1875), was an important Portuguese politician during the period of Constitutional Monarchy. He became the 1st Duke of Loul\u00e9 in 1862.", "Q503636": "Andrew Archibald Macdonald, PC (14 February 1829 \u2013 21 March 1912), served as the fourth Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island from 1 August 1884 to 2 September 1889, and was one of the fathers of Canadian Confederation.\nBorn in Three Rivers, Prince Edward Island, Andrew Archibald Macdonald was descended from the Clanranald branch of the Macdonalds of the Isles, the son of Hugh and Catherine Macdonald of Panmure and grandson of Andrew Macdonald who had purchased a large tract of land in the province and, with his family and retainers, emigrated in 1806 from Inverness-shire, Scotland to settle at Three Rivers, where he and his sons carried on an extensive mercantile business for many years.\nHe was educated at a county grammar school and by private tutor and also became a merchant and shipowner. In 1863, he married Elizabeth, the third daughter of Hon. Thomas Owen (formerly Provincial Postmaster General) and they had four sons.\nHe was elected a member of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1853 to 1858. He sat as representative for Georgetown in the House of Assembly from 1854 until 1870. When the Legislative Council became elective in 1863, he was returned as a representative of 2nd Kings District in the Legislative Council and again reelected in 1867. Andrew Macdonald was a member of the Executive Council from 1867 to 1872 and again from 18 April 1872 until Prince Edward Island joined Confederation in 1873. He was leader of the Government Party in Legislative Council for some years. He first returned as a representative of the Liberal Party in carrying out Responsible Government and extending the Electoral Franchise. When the Conservative section of the party joined the Liberal section of the Conservative Party, he united with them to pass the Free Education Act, the Land Purchase Act, the Railway Act, the Confederation Act and other progressive measures. In June 1873 he was appointed Postmaster General of the Province. He was Postmaster at Charlottetown until 1 August 1884 as well as Post Office Inspector for the Province from 1880 until that date when he was appointed as the seventeenth Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island since the creation of the Colony in 1763. In 1891 MacDonald was appointed to the Senate of Canada where he remained until his death.\nHe had been the youngest of the delegates to the Charlottetown Conference on the Union of the Lower Provinces in 1864 and in September of the same year, a delegate to the Quebec Conference which succeeded it and arranged the basis of union for all the British North American Colonies.\nHe was the U.S. Consular Agent at Three Rivers from 1849 to 1870. He was a delegate to the International Convention at Portland, U.S., in 1868 and a member of the Board of Education from 1867 to 1870, a public trustee under the Land Purchase Act (1875) and Chief of the Caledonia Club.\nHe died at Ottawa, on 21 March 1912.", "Q155687": "Christian \"Flake\" Lorenz (German: [\u02c8k\u0281\u026asti\u032fan \u02c8flak\u0259 \u02c8lo\u02d0\u0281\u025bnts]; born 16 November 1966) is a German musician and keyboard player for the Neue Deutsche H\u00e4rte band Rammstein. He was also a member of the East German punk band Feeling B.\n\n", "Q433087": "Euna Lee (Hangul: \ub9ac\uc720\ub098) (born 1972) is a Korean American journalist who has worked for Current TV since 2005. \nLee and fellow journalist Laura Ling were detained in North Korea after they crossed into the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from the People's Republic of China without a visa. They were found guilty of illegal entry and sentenced to twelve years' hard labor in June 2009. The United States Government protested the sentences, and implemented diplomatic efforts in order to secure the release of both Lee and Ling. On 4 August 2009, Lee and Ling were pardoned by the North Korean government after a special humanitarian visit by former U.S. President Bill Clinton.", "Q729701": "Furio Colombo (born 1 January 1931) is an Italian journalist and politician, former editor-in-chief of L'Unit\u00e0.", "Q3166625": "Jean-Louis Beaudry (March 27, 1809 \u2013 June 25, 1886) was a Canadian entrepreneur and politician. Beaudry served as mayor of Montreal three times, from 1862 to 1866, from 1877 to 1879, and from 1881 to 1885 for a total time served as mayor of ten years.\n\n", "Q19311": "Non ci resta che piangere (in the U.S. is also known as Nothing Left to Do But Cry) is a 1984 Italian comedy film, starring Roberto Benigni and Massimo Troisi, who are also directors and writers of the movie.", "Q282167": "A Matter of Size (Hebrew: \u05e1\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u200e, Sipur Gadol, lit: \"A Big Story\") is a 2009 Israeli film.", "Q2602": "Egon Rudi Ernst Krenz (German pronunciation: [\u02c8e\u02d0g\u0254n \u02c8k\u0281\u025bnts]; born 19 March 1937) is a former East German politician who was the last communist leader of East Germany during the final months of 1989. He succeeded Erich Honecker as the General Secretary of the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), but was forced to resign only months later when the Berlin Wall fell. He has been described as \"East Germany's last dictator.\"Throughout his career, Krenz held a number of prominent positions in the SED. He was Honecker's deputy from 1984 onward, until he succeeded him in 1989 amid protests against the regime. Krenz was unsuccessful in his attempt to retain the communist regime's grip on power, and was forced to resign some weeks after the fall of the Berlin Wall. He was expelled from the SED party on 21 January 1990. After German reunification in 1990, he was sentenced to six-and-a-half years in prison for manslaughter, for his role in the crimes of the communist regime. He retired to the small town of Dierhagen in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern upon his release from prison in late 2003. Since his release from prison he has expressed his support for Vladimir Putin.", "Q207179": "William Francis Nighy (; born 12 December 1949) is an English actor known for his work in film, theatre and television. \nNighy became widely known for his performance as Billy Mack in Love Actually (2003). Other notable roles in cinema include his portrayal of Davy Jones in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series, and Viktor in the Underworld film series. He is also known for his roles in the films Shaun of the Dead (2004), The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005), The Constant Gardner (2005), Notes on a Scandal (2006), Hot Fuzz (2007), Valkyrie (2008), Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 1 (2010), The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2012), and About Time (2013). His performances were also acclaimed in the State of Play series and in the TV films The Girl in the Caf\u00e9, Gideon's Daughter and Page Eight, for which he earned Golden Globe nominations, winning one for Gideon's Daughter.\nIn 2015, Nighy appeared on Broadway with Carey Mulligan in the acclaimed revival of Skylight and received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Play.", "Q490738": "Sven Anders Bagge (Swedish pronunciation: [sv\u025bn \u02c8\u00e2n\u02d0d\u025b\u0282 \u02c8b\u01ce\u0261\u02d0\u025b]; born 16 January 1968) is a Swedish composer, lyricist, musician and record producer and partner with Peer \u00c5str\u00f6m. The two songwriters / producers are known as Bagge & Peer. Bagge is also one of three jury members for Idol 2008, Idol 2009, Idol 2010, Idol 2011, Idol 2013 and judge in Made in Sweden.\nAnders Bagge, or Bag as he is widely known is co-founder and co-owner with partner Christian Wahlberg of the Stockholm-based Murlyn Music Group AB, the international music production company they established in 1998.", "Q922503": "Wagner Mani\u00e7oba de Moura (born June 27, 1976) is a Brazilian actor, filmmaker, musician, and journalist. Besides being a well-established and acclaimed actor in Brazil, he has achieved international fame for roles in Elite Squad (2007), its sequel: Elite Squad: The Enemy Within (2010) and Elysium (2013) as Spider. For his role as Pablo Escobar in the first two seasons in the Netflix series Narcos (2015\u20132016) he received a Golden Globe nomination.", "Q1351884": "Robert Noel Hall (December 25, 1919 \u2013 November 7, 2016) was an American engineer and applied physicist. He demonstrated the first semiconductor laser and invented a type of magnetron commonly used in microwave ovens. He also contributed to the development of rectifiers for power transmission.", "Q85892": "Egon Seefehlner (3 June 1912, in Wien \u2013 25 September 1997) was an Austrian jurist, editor and opera intendant.\nSeefehlner was born in Vienna Austria, where he studied law at the Konsularakademie Wien. From 1938 to 1943 it was active in the politico-economic department of AEG, Berlin. From 1945 to 1961 he returned to Vienna, where he worked as editor-in-chief of Der Turm magazine. During this time from 1946 he also served as general secretary of the Wiener Konzerthauses and later from 1954 assistant director of the Wiener Staatsoper.", "Q4706339": "Alan I. Casden (born 1945) is a real estate businessman who lives in Beverly Hills, California. Casden's real estate companies have built over 90,000 multi-family apartments since the 1980s.\n\n", "Q216060": "Franz Carl Weiskopf (3 April 1900 in Prague \u2013 14 September 1955) was a German-speaking writer. Born in Prague, then part of Austria-Hungary, he was often referred to as F. C. Weiskopf, he also used the pseudonyms Petr Buk, Pierre Buk and F. W. L. Kovacs. He died in Berlin in 1955.", "Q632321": "Daniel Ray Coats (born May 16, 1943) is an American politician and former diplomat. From 2017 to 2019, he served as the Director of National Intelligence in the Trump administration. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a United States Senator from Indiana from 1989 to 1999 and again from 2011 to 2017. He was the United States Ambassador to Germany from 2001 to 2005, and was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1989. Coats served on the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence while in the U.S. Senate.\nBorn in Jackson, Michigan, Coats graduated from Wheaton College in Illinois and the Indiana University School of Law \u2013 Indianapolis. He served in the U.S. Army (1966\u20131968). Before serving in the U.S. Senate, Coats was a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Indiana's 4th congressional district from 1981 to 1989. He was appointed to fill the Senate seat vacated by Dan Quayle following Quayle's election as Vice President of the United States. Coats won the 1990 special election to serve the remainder of Quayle's unexpired term, as well as the 1992 election for a full six-year term. He did not seek reelection in 1998 and was succeeded by Democrat Evan Bayh.\nAfter retiring from the Senate, Coats served as the U.S. Ambassador to Germany from 2001 to 2005 and then worked as a lobbyist in Washington, D.C. He was reelected to the Senate by a large margin in 2010, succeeding Bayh, who announced his own retirement shortly after Coats declared his candidacy. Coats declined to run for reelection in 2016 and was succeeded by Todd Young.\nCoats was nominated for the post of Director of National Intelligence in January 2017, succeeding James R. Clapper. His term in office commenced on March 16, 2017, and ended on August 15, 2019.", "Q145480": "Jaime Luis Gomez (born July 14, 1975), known professionally as Taboo, is an American rapper, songwriter, actor and DJ, best known as a member of the hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas.", "Q134279": "Luhansk or Lugansk (UK: , US: ; Ukrainian: \u041b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a, romanized: Luhans'k, IPA: [l\u028a\u02c8\u0266\u0251n\u02b2s\u02b2k] (listen), UK: , US: ; Russian: \u041b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a, romanized: Lugansk, IPA: [l\u028a\u02c8\u0261ansk]), formerly known as Voroshilovgrad (1935\u20131958 and 1970\u20131990), is internationally recognized as a city in eastern Ukraine, but effectively, Luhansk is the capital and administrative center of the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR), an unrecognized state that was established in 2014.\nUntil the establishment of LPR, Luhansk was the administrative center of the Luhansk Oblast.", "Q717823": "Gyula Hegyi (born 30 April 1951 in B\u00e9k\u00e9scsaba) is a Hungarian politician and a former Member of the European Parliament for the Hungarian Socialist Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.", "Q93028": "Charles Eric Leiserson is a computer scientist, specializing in the theory of parallel computing and distributed computing, and particularly practical applications thereof. As part of this effort, he developed the Cilk multithreaded language. He invented the fat-tree interconnection network, a hardware-universal interconnection network used in many supercomputers, including the Connection Machine CM5, for which he was network architect. He helped pioneer the development of VLSI theory, including the retiming method of digital optimization with James B. Saxe and systolic arrays with H. T. Kung. He conceived of the notion of cache-oblivious algorithms, which are algorithms that have no tuning parameters for cache size or cache-line length, but nevertheless use cache near-optimally. He developed the Cilk language for multithreaded programming, which uses a provably good work-stealing algorithm for scheduling. Leiserson coauthored the standard algorithms textbook Introduction to Algorithms together with Thomas H. Cormen, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein.\nLeiserson received a B.S. degree in computer science and mathematics from Yale University in 1975 and a Ph.D. degree in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1981, where his advisors were Jon Bentley and H. T. Kung.\nHe then joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he is now a Professor. In addition, he is a principal in the Theory of Computation research group in the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and he was formerly Director of Research and Director of System Architecture for Akamai Technologies. He was Founder and Chief Technology Officer of Cilk Arts, Inc., a start-up that developed Cilk technology for multicore computing applications. (Cilk Arts, Inc. was acquired by Intel in 2009.)\nLeiserson's dissertation, Area-Efficient VLSI Computation, won the first ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award. In 1985, the National Science Foundation awarded him a Presidential Young Investigator Award. He is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM). He received the 2014 Taylor L. Booth Education Award from the IEEE Computer Society \"for worldwide computer science education impact through writing a best-selling algorithms textbook, and developing courses on algorithms and parallel programming.\" He received the 2014 ACM-IEEE Computer Society Ken Kennedy Award for his \"enduring influence on parallel computing systems and their adoption into mainstream use through scholarly research and development.\" He was also cited for \"distinguished mentoring of computer science leaders and students.\" He received the 2013 ACM Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award for \"contributions to robust parallel and distributed computing.\"", "Q664167": "Arista Records, Inc. () is an American record label owned by Sony Music, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of the Japanese conglomerate Sony. The label was previously handled by Bertelsmann Music Group. The label was founded in 1974 by Clive Davis. Along with Columbia Records, RCA Records and Epic Records, Arista is one of Sony Music's four flagship record labels.", "Q1930302": "Tony Christie (born Anthony Fitzgerald, 25 April 1943) is an English musician, singer and actor. He is best known for his recording of \"(Is This The Way To) Amarillo\", a double UK chart success. He lived for many years in Sheffield.", "Q95459": "Sascha Lobo (born 11 May 1975 in Berlin) is a German blogger, writer, journalist and Copywriter. Lobo's work is primarily concerned with the Internet and with the social effects of new technology.", "Q21842": "Mary Louise Cleave (born 5 February 1947) is an American engineer and a former NASA astronaut. She also served from 2004 to 2007 as NASA Associate Administrator for the Science Mission Directorate.", "Q59721": "Russian Ark (Russian: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0447\u0435\u0433, Russkij Kovcheg) is a 2002 experimental historical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov. In Russian Ark, an unnamed narrator wanders through the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, and implies that he died in some horrible accident and is a ghost drifting through the palace. In each room, he encounters various real and fictional people from various periods in the city's 300-year history. He is accompanied by \"the European\", who represents the Marquis de Custine, a 19th-century French traveler.\nThe film was recorded entirely in the Winter Palace of the Russian State Hermitage Museum on 23 December 2001 using a one-take single 96-minute Steadicam sequence shot. Russian Ark uses the fourth wall device extensively, but repeatedly broken and re-erected. At times the narrator and the companion interact with the other performers, whilst at other times they pass unnoticed. The film was entered into the 2002 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q82125": "John Sigvard Olsen (November 6, 1892 \u2013 January 26, 1963) was an American vaudevillian and comedian.", "Q214677": "Nora Ephron ( EF-r\u0259n; May 19, 1941 \u2013 June 26, 2012) was an American journalist, writer, and filmmaker. She is best known for her romantic comedy films and was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Writing: for Silkwood (1983), When Harry Met Sally... (1989), and Sleepless in Seattle (1993). She won a BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay for When Harry Met Sally.... She often co-wrote scripts with her sister Delia Ephron. Her last film was Julie & Julia (2009). Her first produced play, Imaginary Friends (2002), was honored as one of the ten best plays of the 2002\u201303 New York theatre season. She also co-authored the Drama Desk Award\u2013winning theatrical production Love, Loss, and What I Wore. In 2013, Ephron received a posthumous Tony Award nomination for Best Play for Lucky Guy.", "Q99263": "Adrian Geiges (born 3 September 1960) is a German writer and journalist born in Basel, Switzerland.", "Q131301": "Homs (UK: , US: ; Arabic: \u062d\u0645\u0635\u200e / ALA-LC: \u1e24im\u1e63 [\u0127\u026ams\u02e4]; Levantine Arabic: \u062d\u0645\u0635 / \u1e24um\u1e63 [\u0127\u0254ms\u02e4]), known in pre-Islamic Syria as Emesa (; Ancient Greek: \u1f1c\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1, romanized: \u00c9mesa), is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Homs Governorate. It is 501 metres (1,644 ft) above sea level and is located 162 kilometres (101 mi) north of Damascus. Located on the Orontes River, Homs is also the central link between the interior cities and the Mediterranean coast.\nBefore the Syrian Civil War, Homs was a major industrial centre, and with a population of at least 652,609 people in 2004, it was the third-largest city in Syria after Aleppo to the north and the capital Damascus to the south. Its population reflects Syria's general religious diversity, composed of Sunni and Alawite Muslims, and Christians. There are a number of historic mosques and churches in the city, and it is close to the Krak des Chevaliers castle, a World Heritage Site.\nHoms did not emerge into the historical record until the 1st century BCE at the time of the Seleucids. It later became the capital of a kingdom ruled by the Emesene dynasty who gave the city its name. Originally a center of worship for the sun god El-Gabal, it later gained importance in Christianity under the Byzantines. Homs was conquered by the Muslims in the 7th century and made capital of a district that bore its current name. Throughout the Islamic era, Muslim dynasties contending for control of Syria sought after Homs due to the city's strategic position in the area. Homs began to decline under the Ottomans and only in the 19th century did the city regain its economic importance when its cotton industry boomed. During French Mandate rule, the city became a center of insurrection and, after independence in 1946, a center of Baathist resistance to the first Syrian governments. During the Syrian civil war, much of the city was devastated due to the Siege of Homs; reconstruction to affected parts of the city is underway with major reconstruction beginning in 2018.", "Q157084": "Carloman (German: Karlmann, Latin: Karlomannus; c. 830 \u2013 22 March 880) was a Frankish king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was the eldest son of Louis the German, king of East Francia, and Hemma, daughter of a Bavarian count. His father appointed him margrave of Pannonia in 856, and upon his father's death in 876 he became King of Bavaria. He was appointed by King Louis II of Italy as his successor, but the Kingdom of Italy was taken by his uncle Charles the Bald in 875. Carloman only conquered it in 877. In 879 he was incapacitated, perhaps by a stroke, and abdicated his domains in favour of his younger brothers: Bavaria to Louis the Younger and Italy to Charles the Fat.", "Q3181914": "John Le Boutillier or John Le Bouthillier (1797 \u2013 July 31, 1872) was a Quebec businessman and political figure.\nHe was born in Jersey in 1797 and came to the Gasp\u00e9 peninsula around 1815 as an employee of Charles Robin. In 1830, he opened his own business exporting dried cod from the Gasp\u00e9 region and settled in Gasp\u00e9. He represented Gasp\u00e9 in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1833 to 1838 and then Bonaventure from 1844 to 1847 and Gasp\u00e9 from 1854 to 1867 in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada. Le Boutillier voted against the Ninety-Two Resolutions. In 1867, he was named to the Legislative Council of Quebec for the Gulf division and served until his death in Gasp\u00e9 in 1872.\nHis firm, which had grown to 2,500 employees, 12 ships and 169 fishing boats, was taken over by Charles Robin's company after his death.\nLe Boutillier's final house in Gasp\u00e9 was later a hospital before being razed in the 1970s against the wishes of preservationists. Another house formerly used by John Le Boutillier Company managers has been designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1975.", "Q128888": "Binyamin Ben-Eliezer (Arabic: \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0631\u200e, Hebrew: \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05df \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e2\u05d6\u05e8; 12 February 1936 \u2013 28 August 2016) was an Iraqi-born Israeli politician and general. He served as a member of the Knesset between 1984 and 2014, and held several ministerial posts, including Minister of Industry, Trade and Labour; Minister of Defense; and Deputy Prime Minister.", "Q168274": "Taylor Dayne (born Leslie Wunderman; March 7, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She rose to fame in 1987 after her debut single \"Tell It to My Heart\". Dayne achieved six additional U.S. top-10 singles, including \"Love Will Lead You Back\", \"Prove Your Love\", and \"I'll Always Love You\".\nDayne has sold over 75 million records worldwide, making her one of the world's best-selling music artists. She has earned three Grammy Award nominations, an American Music Award, and multiple New York Music Awards. She has also received New York Hall of Fame honors and was ranked number 18 on Rolling Stone's list of the best female dance artists of all time. In December 2016, Billboard magazine ranked her the 28th most successful dance artist of all time.", "Q542118": "Kamala Markandaya (1 January 1924 \u2013 16 May 2004) was a pseudonym used by Kamala Purnaiya Taylor, an Indian novelist and journalist.\nA native of Mysore, India, Markandaya was a graduate of Madras University, and afterwards published several short stories in Indian newspapers. After India declared its independence, Markandaya moved to Britain, though she still labelled herself an Indian expatriate long afterwards.\nKnown for writing about culture clash between Indian urban and rural societies, Markandaya's first published novel, Nectar in a Sieve, was a bestseller and cited as an American Library Association Notable Book in 1955. Her other novels include Some Inner Fury (1955), A Silence of Desire (1960), Possession (1963), A Handful of Rice (1966), The Nowhere Man (1972), Two Virgins (1973), The Golden Honeycomb (1977), and Pleasure City (1982/1983).\nMarkandaya died aged 80 on 16 May 2004.", "Q44016": "Markham () is a city in the Regional Municipality of York in Southern Ontario, Canada. It is approximately 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Downtown Toronto. In the 2016 Census, Markham had a population of 328,940, which ranked it the largest in York Region, fourth largest in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and 16th largest in Canada. The city gained its name from the first Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe (in office 1791\u20131796), who named the area after his friend, William Markham, the Archbishop of York from 1776 to 1807. The first European settlement in Markham occurred when William Berczy, a German artist and developer, led a group of approximately sixty-four German families to North America. While they planned to settle in New York, disputes over finances and land tenure led Berczy to negotiate with Simcoe for 64,000 acres (260 km2) in Markham Township in 1794. Since the 1970s, Markham rapidly shifted from being an agricultural community to an industrialized municipality due to urban sprawl from neighbouring Toronto. Markham changed its status from town to city on July 1, 2012.As of 2013 tertiary industry mainly drives Markham. As of 2010, \"business services\" employed the largest proportion of workers in Markham \u2013 nearly 22% of its labour force.\nThe city also has over 1,000 technology and life-sciences companies, with IBM as the city's largest employer. Several multinational companies have their Canadian headquarters in Markham, including: Honda Canada, Hyundai, Advanced Micro Devices,Johnson & Johnson,\nAvaya,\nIBM,Motorola,Oracle,Toshiba,Toyota Financial Services, Huawei, Honeywell and Scholastic Canada.", "Q956296": "Jaroslav Kvapil (25 September 1868 in Chudenice, Kingdom of Bohemia \u2013 10 January 1950 in Prague) was a Czech poet, theatre director, translator, playwright, and librettist. From 1900 he was a director and Dramaturg at the National Theatre in Prague, where he introduced plays by Anton Chekhov, Henrik Ibsen and Maxim Gorky into the repertory. Later he was a director at the Vinohrady Theatre (1921\u20131928). He wrote six plays, but is today chiefly remembered as the librettist of Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k's Rusalka.Kvapil was the principal author of the Manifesto of Czech writers of 1917, signed by over two hundred leading Czechs, favouring the concept of Czech self-government.He was married to actress Hana Kvapilov\u00e1 from 1894 until her death in 1907.", "Q316712": "Patrick George Duffy (born March 17, 1949) is an American actor, best known for his role on the CBS primetime soap opera Dallas, where he played Bobby Ewing, the youngest son of Miss Ellie and the nicest brother of J.R. Ewing (played by Barbara Bel Geddes and Larry Hagman respectively) from 1978 to 1985 and from 1986 to 1991. Duffy returned to reprise his role as Bobby in a continuation of Dallas, which aired on TNT from 2012 to 2014. He is also well known for his role on the ABC sitcom Step by Step as Frank Lambert, from 1991 to 1998, and for his role as Stephen Logan on the CBS daytime soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful (2006-2011). Duffy played the lead character's father in the 2014 NBC sitcom Welcome to Sweden.", "Q6781349": "The Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) is a private art and design college in Baltimore, Maryland. It was founded in 1826 as the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, making it one of the oldest art colleges in the United States.\nMICA is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD), a consortium of 36 leading US art schools, as well as the National Association of Schools of Art and Design (NASAD). The college hosts pre-college, post-baccalaureate, continuing studies, Master of Fine Arts, and Bachelor of Fine Arts programs, as well as young peoples' studio art classes.", "Q161536": "For the tobacco brand, see Peter Stuyvesant (cigarette)\nPeter Stuyvesant (English pronunciation () in Dutch also Pieter and Petrus Stuyvesant); (1611 or 1612) served as the last Dutch director-general of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664, after which it was renamed New York. He was a major figure in the early history of New York City and his name has been given to various landmarks and points of interest throughout the city (e.g. Stuyvesant High School, Stuyvesant Town, Bedford\u2013Stuyvesant neighborhood, etc.).\nStuyvesant's accomplishments as director-general included a great expansion for the settlement of New Amsterdam beyond the southern tip of Manhattan. Among the projects built by Stuyvesant's administration were the protective wall on Wall Street, the canal that became Broad Street, and Broadway. Stuyvesant, himself a member of the Dutch Reformed Church, opposed religious pluralism and came into conflict with Lutherans, Jews, Roman Catholics and Quakers as they attempted to build places of worship in the city and practice their faiths. However, Stuyvesant particularly supported Antisemitism, and loathed Jews not merely through religion, but also through race.", "Q108580": "Franz G\u00f6tz (born 16 September 1945 in Ingolstadt, Germany) is a German politician. He was a member of the state parliament of Bavaria for the SPD from 1978 to 2003. In 2007, he left the SPD and joined the Free Voters.", "Q12536": "The Abbasid Caliphate ( or Arabic: \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062e\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f\u200e, al-Khil\u0101fah al-\u02bfAbb\u0101s\u012byah) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib (566\u2013653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. They ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after having overthrown the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH).\nThe Abbasid Caliphate first centred its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph Al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the ancient Sasanian capital city of Ctesiphon. The Abbasid period was marked by reliance on Persian bureaucrats (notably the Barmakid family) for governing the territories as well as an increasing inclusion of non-Arab Muslims in the ummah (national community). Persianate customs were broadly adopted by the ruling elite, and they began patronage of artists and scholars. Baghdad became a centre of science, culture, philosophy and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam.\nDespite this initial cooperation, the Abbasids of the late 8th century had alienated both non-Arab mawali (clients) and Iranian bureaucrats. They were forced to cede authority over al-Andalus (Spain) to the Umayyads in 756, Morocco to the Idrisid dynasty in 788, Ifriqiya and Southern Italy to the Aghlabids in 800, Persia to the Saffarid in 861 and Egypt to the Isma'ili-Shia caliphate of the Fatimids in 969.\nThe political power of the caliphs was limited with the rise of the Iranian Buyids and the Seljuq Turks, who captured Baghdad in 945 and 1055, respectively. Although Abbasid leadership over the vast Islamic empire was gradually reduced to a ceremonial religious function in much of the Caliphate, the dynasty retained control over its Mesopotamian domain. The Abbasids' period of cultural fruition and its (reduced) territorial control ended in 1258 with the sack of Baghdad by the Mongols under Hulagu Khan and the execution of Al-Musta'sim. The Abbasid line of rulers, and Muslim culture in general, re-centred themselves in the Mamluk capital of Cairo in 1261. Though lacking in political power (with the brief exception of Caliph Al-Musta'in of Cairo), the dynasty continued to claim religious authority until after the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517.", "Q130779": "Kim Stanley Robinson (born March 23, 1952) is an American writer of science fiction. He has published nineteen novels and numerous short stories but is best known for his Mars trilogy. His work has been translated into 24 languages. Many of his novels and stories have ecological, cultural, and political themes and feature scientists as heroes. Robinson has won numerous awards, including the Hugo Award for Best Novel, the Nebula Award for Best Novel and the World Fantasy Award. Robinson's work has been labeled by The Atlantic as \"the gold-standard of realistic, and highly literary, science-fiction writing.\" According to an article in The New Yorker, Robinson is \"generally acknowledged as one of the greatest living science-fiction writers.\"", "Q97528": "Wilhelm Malte I, Prince of Putbus (1783 \u2013 1854) was a German prince (F\u00fcrst) from the old Slavic-R\u00fcgen noble family of the lords of Putbus. He acted as a Swedish governor in Swedish Pomerania and later, under Prussian rule, as the chairman of the regional council (Kommunallandtag) of Pomerania and R\u00fcgen.\nAs a result of his extensive building activity, Wilhelm Malte left many traces of the first half of the 19th century on the island of R\u00fcgen. Under his rule, his home town of Putbus was greatly expanded in the classical style and is still known today as \"The White Town\".", "Q2181383": "Ma Ke (simplified Chinese: \u9a6c\u53ef; traditional Chinese: \u99ac\u53ef; pinyin: M\u01ce K\u011b) (born 1971 in Changchun, China) is a Chinese fashion designer. She has two clothing labels: EXCEPTION de Mixmind, a ready-to-wear line started in 1996 and retailed in China; and WUYONG, an haute couture line founded in 2006. In 2007, Ma Ke starred in the award-winning documentary Useless by Chinese director Jia Zhangke. In 2008, her fashion house WUYONG was appointed as a Guest member of the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture in France.Ma Ke designs have been wore by the Chinese First Lady Peng Liyuan, on several occasions.Ma Ke is the founder of Mixmind Art & Design Co, Ltd., based in Guangzhou, China. She currently works in her studio in Zhuhai on the southern coast of Guangdong province.", "Q2879520": "Daniel Lozada is a Peruvian economist, who served as interior minister from December 2011 to May 2012.", "Q1292617": "The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada; PC) was a federal political party in Canada.\nIn 2003, the party membership voted to dissolve the party and merge with the Canadian Alliance to form the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada.\nOne member of the Senate of Canada, Elaine McCoy, sat as an \"Independent Progressive Conservative\" until 2016. The conservative parties in most Canadian provinces still use the Progressive Conservative name. Some PC Party members formed the Progressive Canadian Party, which has attracted only marginal support.", "Q243049": "Marie-Chantal, Crown Princess of Greece, Princess of Denmark (Marie-Chantal Claire; n\u00e9e Miller; born 17 September 1968) is the wife of Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece, son of Constantine II of Greece and Anne-Marie of Denmark. Her husband is the heir apparent to the defunct throne of Greece, as the monarchy was abolished in 1973. She is a Danish princess by marriage, as her husband is a male-line descendant of Christian IX of Denmark.", "Q451616": "Carolyn Cole (born April 24, 1961) is a staff photographer for the Los Angeles Times. She won the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography in 2004 for her coverage of the siege of Monrovia in 2003, the capital of Liberia.", "Q159917": "Georg Friedrich List (6 August 1789 \u2013 30 November 1846) was a German-American economist who developed the \"National System\" of political economy. He was a forefather of the German historical school of economics, and argued for the German Customs Union from a Nationalist standpoint. He advocated imposing tariffs on imported goods while supporting free trade of domestic goods, and stated the cost of a tariff should be seen as an investment in a nation's future productivity.List was a political liberal who collaborated with Karl von Rotteck and Carl Theodor Welcker on the Rotteck-Welckersches Staatslexikon, an encyclopedia of political science that advocated constitutional liberalism and which influenced the Vorm\u00e4rz. At the time in Europe, liberal and nationalist ideas were almost inseparably linked, and political liberalism was not yet attached to what was later considered \"economic liberalism.\" Emmanuel Todd considers John Maynard Keynes to be the logical continuation of List as a theorist of \"moderate or regulated capitalism\".", "Q3453469": "Edward Russell Hicks (June 4, 1895 \u2013 June 1, 1957) was an American film actor. Hicks was born in 1895 in Baltimore, Maryland. During World War I, he served in the U.S. Army in France. He later became a lieutenant Colonel in the California State Guard.Hicks appeared in nearly 300 films between 1933 and 1956. He often appeared as a smooth-talking confidence man, or swindler as in the W.C. Fields film The Bank Dick (1940). Distinguished, suave and a consummate actor, Hicks played a variety of judges, corrupt officials, crooked businessmen and attorneys, working in a variety of mediums almost until his death. Hicks appeared once in the syndicated western television series The Cisco Kid as an uncle of the Gail Davis character, whom he threatens to disinherit if she marries a known gangster.\nBroadway plays in which Hicks acted included The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial (1954), On Borrowed Time (1953), Time for Elizabeth (1948), All the King's Horses (1934), The Little Black Book (1932), Nona (1932), Torch Song (1930), Goin' Home (1928), No Trespassing (1926), and The Wisecrackers (1925).On June 1, 1957, Hicks suffered a heart attack after an automobile accident and was dead on arrival at Santa Monica Receiving Hospital. He was 61.", "Q91159": "Guido Herzfeld (14 August 1851 \u2013 16 November 1923) was a German stage and film actor. Herzfeld established himself in the theatre in the nineteenth century. In 1914 he made his film debut and went on to appear in over sixty films before his death.\nHis notable screen roles include appearances in Ernst Lubitsch's comedy Shoe Palace Pinkus (1916) and Victor Janson's First World War propaganda film The Yellow Ticket (1918). In 1920 he played the lead in Ewald Andr\u00e9 Dupont's Whitechapel (1920). His final appearance was in the comedy The Grand Duke's Finances (1924).", "Q1251884": "Douglas Joel Wieselman (born November 30, 1954, Los Angeles) is an American jazz reedist. He plays primarily clarinet and tenor saxophone, though he occasionally also plays soprano and baritone saxophone.\nWieselman took a bachelor's degree in music at University of California-Santa Cruz in 1976, where he first played with Wayne Horvitz; he played with Horvitz extensively into the 1990s. In 1982 he began working with Robin Holcomb, and played with her again from 1987 to 1996. In the late 1980s he also worked with Bill Frisell, Guy Klucevsek, and Anthony Coleman. He started his own group, the Kamikaze Ground Crew, in 1983, with Gina Leishman, and also co-founded the New York Composer's Orchestra in 1986. Other credits include work with Karen Mantler, Nels Cline, Ben Perowsky, and others.\nIn addition to his work in jazz, Wieselman has also written music for the performances of the Flying Karamazov Brothers and played as a session musician for pop and rock acts such as She & Him, Cibo Matto, Antony & the Johnsons, Joan As Police Woman, Iron and Wine, Lou Reed, Yo la Tengo, Martha Wainwright, Shudder To Think, Translator (band) and others.", "Q1479": "Bordeaux (French pronunciation: [b\u0254\u0281do] (listen); Gascon Occitan: Bord\u00e8u [bu\u027e\u02c8\u00f0\u025bw]) is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.\nThe municipality (commune) of Bordeaux proper has a population of 257,804 (2019). Bordeaux is the centre of the Bordeaux M\u00e9tropole that has a population of 783,081 (2017) and includes its suburbs and close satellite towns. With 1,195,335 in the metropolitan area, it is the sixth-largest in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, and Lille. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture of the Gironde department. Its inhabitants are called \"Bordelais\" (for men) or \"Bordelaises\" (women). The term \"Bordelais\" may also refer to the city and its surrounding region.\nBeing at the center of a major wine-growing and wine-producing region, Bordeaux remains a prominent powerhouse and exercises significant influence on the world wine industry although no wine production is conducted within the city limits. It is home to the world's main wine fair, Vinexpo, and the wine economy in the metro area takes in 14.5 billion euros each year. Bordeaux wine has been produced in the region since the 8th century. The historic part of the city is on the UNESCO World Heritage List as \"an outstanding urban and architectural ensemble\" of the 18th century. After Paris, Bordeaux has the highest number of preserved historical buildings of any city in France.\n\n", "Q534930": "Kenny Aronoff (born March 7, 1953 in Albany, New York) is an American drummer who has been the sideman for many bands both live and in the studio. He is most recognized as being the longtime drummer for John Mellencamp, with whom he worked from 1980 to 1996. He is also known for his recorded drums and percussion with many recording artists.", "Q232868": "Cl\u00e9mence Guichard (born 30 October 1982), known professionally as Cl\u00e9mence Po\u00e9sy (French: [klem\u0251\u0303s p\u0254ezi]), is a French actress and fashion model. After starting on the stage as a child, Po\u00e9sy studied drama and has been active in both film and television since 1999, including some English-language productions. She is known for the roles of Fleur Delacour in the Harry Potter film series, Chlo\u00eb in In Bruges, Rana in 127 Hours, and Natasha Rostova in War and Peace.", "Q2068521": "John Michael Greer (born 1962) is an American author and druid who writes on ecology, politics, appropriate technology, oil depletion and the occult.", "Q458154": "Sir Goldsworthy Gurney (14 February 1793 \u2013 28 February 1875) was an English surgeon, chemist, lecturer, consultant, architect, builder. He was a prototypical British gentleman scientist and inventor of the Victorian era.\nAmongst many accomplishments, he developed the oxy-hydrogen blowpipe, and later applied its principles to a novel form of illumination, the Bude light; developed a series of early steam-powered road vehicles; and laid claim\u2014still discussed and disputed today\u2014to the blastpipe, a key component in the success of steam locomotives, engines, and other coal-fired systems.\nEvents surrounding the failure of his steam vehicle enterprise gave rise to controversy in his time, with considerable polarisation of opinion. His daughter Anna Jane Gurney (1816\u20131895) was devoted to him. During her lifetime, she engaged in an extraordinary campaign to ensure the blastpipe was seen as his invention.", "Q3973330": "Steve Eastin (born June 22, 1948) is an American character actor. He has appeared in nearly 150 television and film roles throughout his decades long career. Steve is a descendant of the D'Estaing family of France.\nEastin was born in Colorado, where he began to study acting at the young age of six at his local theater. He received his Actor Equity card at age 16 when he performed in two musicals choreographed by Micheal Bennet. Later, he attended the University of Northern Colorado where he appeared in several productions at the Little Theater of the Rockies, whose alumni include Nick Nolte.\nAfter college, Eastin received a fellowship to teach at the University of Arizona where he appeared in his first SAG role opposite Clint Eastwood in Joe Kidd. It was shortly after this when Eastin moved to Los Angeles to further pursue his acting career, enrolling in the Charles Conrad Studio upon arrival in 1974.\nWhile attending Charles' class, Eastin became interested in teaching acting as well. In 1991, he founded his own acting school, The Steve Eastin Studio. The studio believes in what Eastin refers to as \"Choiceless awareness\", where the actors do not read into the script, nor prepare their \"beats\" or think about what or how they may read their lines. Instead, the actors are encouraged to be in the moment and let their natural, emotional power take over and thus tap into the vast collective unconscious all humans are capable of attuning themselves to.\nEastin is best known for appearing in such films as Field of Dreams (1989), Con Air (1997) and A Man Apart (2003), where he developed a reputation as the tough guy with a heart of gold underneath. He played opposite Leonardo DiCaprio in two pivotal scenes in Catch Me if You Can (2002). Eastin has worked with such directors as Steven Spielberg, Brian De Palma, and Jason Reitman.\nEastin is also known for his numerous television appearances throughout the years on such shows as Little House on the Prairie, CHiPS, T.J. Hooker, St. Elsewhere and L.A. Law.\n\n", "Q41608": "Constantine VII Flavius Porphyrogenitus (Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u0396\u0384 \u03a6\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, K\u014dnstantinos VII Fl\u0101vios Porphyrogenn\u0113tos; 17\u201318 May 905 \u2013 9 November 959) was the fourth Emperor of the Macedonian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire, reigning from 913 to 959. He was the son of Emperor Leo VI and his fourth wife, Zoe Karbonopsina, and the nephew of his predecessor Alexander, Byzantine Emperor.\nMost of his reign was dominated by co-regents: from 913 until 919 he was under the regency of his mother, while from 920 until 945 he shared the throne with Romanos Lekapenos, whose daughter Helena he married, and his sons. Constantine VII is best known for his four books, De Administrando Imperio (bearing in Greek the heading \u03a0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f34\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u1f31\u1f78\u03bd \u1fec\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd), De Ceremoniis (\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2), De Thematibus (\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0386\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u0394\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2), and Vita Basilii (\u0392\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5).The epithet porphyrogenitus alludes to the Purple chamber of the imperial palace, decorated with porphyry, where legitimate children of reigning emperors were normally born. Constantine was also born in this room, although his mother Zoe had not been married to Leo at that time. Nevertheless, the epithet allowed him to underline his position as the legitimate son, as opposed to all others, who claimed the throne during his lifetime. Sons born to a reigning Emperor held precedence in the Eastern Roman line of succession over elder sons not born \"in the purple\".", "Q720731": "Roger Maxwell Chapman (born 8 April 1942 in Leicester), also known as Chappo, is an English rock vocalist. He is best known as a member of the progressive rock band Family, which he joined along with Charlie Whitney, in 1966 and also the rock, R&B band Streetwalkers formed in 1974. His idiosyncratic brand of showmanship when performing and vocal vibrato led him to become a cult figure on the British rock scene. Chapman is claimed to have said that he was trying to sing like both Little Richard and his idol Ray Charles. Since the early 1980s he has spent much of his time in Germany and has made occasional appearances there and elsewhere.\nIn Germany, he was awarded an Artist of the Year award during the 1980s, followed by a Lifetime Achievement Award in 2004.", "Q4228227": "Andrey Kolodyuk is a serial entrepreneur and venture capital investor. He started his entrepreneurial career in New York in 1992 and eventually has founded and built over 10 companies in IT, telecom, internet and media with $1 Billion total revenues.In 2008 he exited from previous companies and started a new one Divan.TV \u2013 one of the pioneers of TV streaming OTT service for ethnic groups available in 200 countries worldwide.In 2012 the new fund was launched, leading venture capital fund focused on global companies that leverage R&D in Ukraine and CEE. The fund targets the following IT categories: software, e-commerce, cloud services, mobile technology, IoT and others.AVentures Capital portfolio companies mostly focus on the U.S. market and raised follow on round from international funds.\nVC fund coinvests with ABRT, Almaz Capital, Vegas fund, Y Combinator and other permanent investors.\nIn August 2014 Andrey has initiated a foundation of UVCA (Ukrainian Venture Capital and Private Equity Association) and in November, 2014 was selected as Chairman of it.\nIn November 2015 he became Board Member in Ciklum, a technology firm with 3,250 employees.\nAndrey was elected as Young Global Leader (from Ukraine) of the World Economic Forum in 2008.", "Q3081900": "Francisco Javier Mayorga Casta\u00f1eda (born on 17 April 1951) is a Mexican businessman and politician who serves as Secretary of Agriculture in the cabinet of President Felipe Calder\u00f3n since 7 September 2009. He has previously served in the same post from 28 September 2005 to 30 November 2006 in the administration of President Vicente Fox.\n\n", "Q16988": "Liu Shaoqi (pronounced [lj\u01d2u \u0282\u00e2ut\u0255\u02b0\u01d0]; Chinese: \u5218\u5c11\u5947; 24 November 1898 \u2013 12 November 1968) was a Chinese revolutionary, politician, and theorist. He was Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee from 1954 to 1959, First Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1956 to 1966 and Chairman (President) of the People's Republic of China, China's de jure head of state, from 1959 to 1968, during which he implemented policies of economic reconstruction in China.\nFor 15 years, President Liu was the third most powerful man in China, behind only Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai. Originally groomed as Mao's successor, Liu antagonized him in the early 1960s before the Cultural Revolution, and from 1966 onward was criticized, then purged, by Mao. Liu disappeared from public life in 1968 and was labelled the \"commander of China's bourgeoisie headquarters\", China's foremost \"capitalist-roader\", and a traitor to the revolution.\nHe died under harsh treatment and torture during the Cultural Revolution, but was posthumously rehabilitated by Deng Xiaoping's government in 1980 and granted a national memorial service.", "Q93996": "Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach (; German: [\u02c8\u025b\u0250\u032fnst max]; 18 February 1838 \u2013 19 February 1916) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher, noted for his contributions to physics such as the study of shock waves. The ratio of one's speed to that of sound is named the Mach number in his honour. As a philosopher of science, he was a major influence on logical positivism and American pragmatism. Through his criticism of Newton's theories of space and time, he foreshadowed Einstein's theory of relativity.", "Q355159": "Shin Koyamada (\u5c0f\u5c71\u7530 \u771f, Koyamada Shin, born March 10, 1982) is a Japan-born American actor, producer, philanthropist, entrepreneur and martial artist.\nKoyamada became known worldwide for his film debut co-starring with Tom Cruise in The Last Samurai (2004), which was nominated for several awards, including four Academy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and two National Board of Review Awards, followed by starring in the Disney Channel's Wendy Wu: Homecoming Warrior (2006), which received the highest rated kids channel in Japan, U.K. and Europe. Since his breakthrough, he has appeared in numerous successful movies and shows, and produced a series of movies, shows, comics and video games through Shinca Entertainment.\nIn 2017, Koyamada became the first native-born Japanese to be elected as the Sister Cities International Board of Directors that unites over 500 member communities with over 2,000 partnerships in 145 countries. In 2008, he founded the Koyamada International Foundation (KIF) in Los Angeles, inspiring hundreds of thousands of youth globally to achieve their dreams. In Japan, Koyamada has been appointed as Kyoto International Ambassador, Okayama Prefecture International Ambassador, and Karate Special Ambassador for Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics.\nKoyamada holds black belts in Japanese and Korean martial arts, and won a U.S. national championship in Chinese martial arts. Koyamada immigrated from Japan to the United States in June 2000. He is bilingual in Japanese and English.", "Q173654": "Robert \"Bobby\" Grim (September 4, 1924 \u2013 June 14, 1995) was an American racecar driver.\nBorn in Coal City, Indiana, Grim died of cancer in Indianapolis, Indiana. He drove in the USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1958-1969 seasons with 66 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 races each year from 1959-1968 except 1965. He finished in the top ten 30 times, with his one victory coming in 1960 at Syracuse. He won the 1959 Indy Rookie of the Year, despite finishing in 26th position. He was also the IMCA sprint car champion from 1955-1958 driving the famed \"Black Deuce\" Offy of Hector Honore.", "Q164328": "David Michael Koechner ( KEK-n\u0259r; born August 24, 1962) is an American actor and comedian, best known for playing roles such as Champ Kind in the Anchorman films and Todd Packer on NBC's The Office.\nKoechner first became involved in performing when he began studying improvisational comedy in Chicago at ImprovOlympic, under the teachings of Del Close, before joining the Second City Northwest. After yearlong stints of doing sketch comedy on Saturday Night Live and Late Night with Conan O'Brien in the mid 1990s, Koechner began appearing with small roles in the films such as Wag the Dog, Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me, and Man on the Moon.\nWhile filming the country mockumentary film Dill Scallion in 1998, Koechner befriended actor/comedian Dave 'Gruber' Allen, and eventually began performing as the comedy duo, The Naked Trucker & T-Bones Show, a live musical comedy act. The act became a hit at Hollywood clubs such as Largo, and Allen and Koechner were invited to open for Tenacious D. In 2007, Koechner and Allen created and starred together in a Naked Trucker & T-Bones Show sketch comedy series that ran for one season on Comedy Central.\nAfter his breakout role as Champ Kind in the 2004 comedy Anchorman, Koechner began appearing frequently with larger supporting roles in many high-profile comedic films including Talladega Nights, Thank You for Smoking, Waiting..., Semi-Pro, The Goods: Live Hard, Sell Hard, and Extract. His first leading film role, as Coach Lambeau Fields in Fox Atomic's sports comedy, The Comebacks opened on October 19, 2007. More recently, Koechner reprised his role of Champ Kind for Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues, co-starred in the horror-comedy Krampus, and received praise from critics for his dark turn in the 2014 black comedy Cheap Thrills. He co-starred in the CBS sitcom Superior Donuts and the Comedy Central series Another Period. He currently co-stars in the ABC sitcoms Bless This Mess and The Goldbergs and voices Bob Pogo on the Netflix animated series F Is for Family.", "Q46167": "Jakiv Ivan Susha (Belarusian: \u042f\u043a\u0443\u0431 \u042f\u043d \u0421\u0443\u0448\u0430, Ukrainian: \u042f\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0421\u0443\u0448\u0430, Polish: Jakub Jan Susz) - (1610 in Minsk \u2013 4 March 1687 in Kholm) was a Greek-Catholic Bishop of Kholm from 1652 to 1687, Protoarchimandrite of the Order of Saint Basil the Great (1661-1666)", "Q1929135": "Noble Ray Price (January 12, 1926 \u2013 December 16, 2013) was an American country music singer, songwriter, and guitarist. His wide-ranging baritone is regarded as among the best male voices of country music, and his innovations, such as propelling the country beat from 2/4 to 4/4, known as the \"Ray Price beat\", helped make country music more popular. Some of his well-known recordings include \"Release Me\", \"Crazy Arms\", \"Heartaches by the Number\", \"For the Good Times\", \"Night Life\", and \"You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me\". He was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1996. Price continued to record and tour well into his mid-eighties.", "Q84232": "Veronica Lake (born Constance Frances Marie Ockelman; November 14, 1922 \u2013 July 7, 1973) was an American film, stage, and television actor. Lake was best known for her femme fatale roles in film noirs with Alan Ladd during the 1940s and her peek-a-boo hairstyle. By the late 1940s, Lake's career began to decline, due in part to her alcoholism. She made only one film in the 1950s, but made several guest appearances on television. She returned to the big screen in 1966 in the film Footsteps in the Snow (1966), but the role failed to revitalize her career.\nLake's memoir, Veronica: The Autobiography of Veronica Lake, was published in 1970. Her final screen role was in a low-budget horror film, Flesh Feast (1970). Lake died in July 1973 from hepatitis and acute kidney injury at the age of 50.\n\n", "Q4501": "Bernart de Ventadorn, also known as Bernard de Ventadour or Bernat del Ventadorn, was a prominent troubadour of the classical age of troubadour poetry. He was born in 1135, and died in 1194. Now thought of as \"the Master Singer\" he developed the can\u00e7ons into a more formalized style which allowed for sudden turns. He is remembered for his mastery as well as popularisation of the trobar leu style, and for his prolific can\u00e7ons, which helped define the genre and establish the \"classical\" form of courtly love poetry, to be imitated and reproduced throughout the remaining century and a half of troubadour activity.Bernart was known for being able to portray his woman as a divine agent in one moment and then, in a sudden twist, as Eve \u2013 the cause of man's initial sin. This dichotomy in his work is portrayed in a \"graceful, witty, and polished\" medium.", "Q162759": "Hush is a 1998 American thriller film starring Gwyneth Paltrow, Johnathon Schaech, and Jessica Lange.", "Q78089": "Karl Richard Bechert (August 23, 1901 in Nuremberg, Middle Franconia \u2013 April 1, 1981 in Weilm\u00fcnster-M\u00f6ttau, Hesse) was a German theoretical physicist and political leader. As a scientist, he made contributions in atomic physics.", "Q358455": "Martin Henry Glynn (September 27, 1871 \u2013 December 14, 1924) was an American politician. He was the 40th Governor of New York from 1913 to 1914, the first Irish American Roman Catholic head of government of what was then the most populated state of the United States.\n\n", "Q4090882": "Vladimir Vasilyevich Bolotin (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d; March 29, 1926 in Tambov \u2013 May 28, 2008 in Moscow) was a Russian physicist in the field of Solid mechanics, Doctor of Sciences, Distinguished Professor at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1992), Academician of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (since 1993), Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Engineering, Foreign Member of the United States National Academy of Engineering (since 1996).\nLaureate of the 1985 USSR State Prize and of the 2000 State Prize of the Russian Federation.\nHe graduated from the Moscow State University of Railway Engineering in 1948.\nIn 1950, he defended his Candidate's Dissertation.\nIn 1952, he defended his doctoral dissertation.\nHe started working at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute in 1953.\nFrom 1958 to 1996, Vladimir Bolotin headed the Department of Dynamics and Durability of Machines.\nHe was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1974.He was awarded the Order of Lenin.\nIn 1999, he was awarded the Alfred M. Freudenthal Medal (American Society of Civil Engineers).\nBolotin is the author over 350 published scientific papers including 25 monographs.", "Q1017855": "Claude Hudson \"Butch\" Trucks (May 11, 1947 \u2013 January 24, 2017) was an American drummer. He was best known as a founding member of The Allman Brothers Band. Trucks was born and raised in Jacksonville, Florida. He played in various groups before forming the 31st of February while at Florida State University in the mid 1960s. He joined the Allman Brothers Band in 1969. Their 1971 live release, At Fillmore East, represented an artistic and commercial breakthrough. The group became one of the most popular bands of the era on the strength of their live performances and several successful albums. Though the band broke up and reformed various times, Trucks remained a constant in their 45-year career. Trucks died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound on January 24, 2017.", "Q15271": "Monte Generoso (also known as Calvagione) is a mountain of the Lugano Prealps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy and between Lake Lugano and Lake Como. The western and southern flanks of the mountain lie in the Swiss canton of Ticino, whilst the north-eastern flanks are in the Italian region of Lombardy.The view from the summit of the mountain encompasses the lakes of Lugano, Como, Varese and Maggiore. To the north are the Alps, stretching from the Matterhorn via the Jungfrau and the Saint-Gotthard Massif to the Bernina Range. To the south are the Lombardy Plains and the Po Valley, with the city of Milan and the Apennine Mountains visible on a clear day.The summit can be approached by the Monte Generoso Railway, a rack railway that starts from Capolago in Switzerland, and climbs via the western flank of the mountain. The summit station includes a panoramic terrace and buffet, a restaurant and a hotel. The new restaurant Fiore di pietra (stone flower) designed by the architect Mario Botta was inaugurated on 29 March 2017. A paved path links the railway's summit station to the summit proper, a distance of approximately 350 metres (1,150 ft) and a difference in altitude of about 100 metres (330 ft).There is road access from Mendrisio in Switzerland to Bellavista, some 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the summit and an intermediate station on the railway. Hiking trails reach the summit from different starting points, including Bellavista, Capolago and Mendrisio.The Monte Generoso Observatory is located adjacent to the railway's summit station, and is operated by the Monte Generoso Insubrica Astronomy Group. Also nearby is a small chapel dating from the 20th century.The area is included in the Federal Inventory of Landscapes and Natural Monuments. The mountain slopes are home to a herd of between 300 and 350 chamois.The artist and author Edward Lear spent summers from 1878 to 1883 on the mountain. His oil painting The Plains of Lombardy from Monte Generoso is in the Ashmolean Museum in the English city of Oxford.", "Q330925": "Ernest Charles \"\u00c9mile\" Mathis (15 March 1880 \u2013 3 August 1956) was a French businessman who founded the car firm Mathis in 1910. (Before the frontier moved in 1919, he would have considered himself a German businessman and the car firm was a German business.)\nThe son of a Strasbourg hotelier, Mathis was born in Strasbourg, which at the time was in Germany. Between 1902 and 1904, he worked for the car firm Lorraine-Dietrich, with Ettore Bugatti. In 1904, Mathis and Bugatti designed the Hermes car, which for some reason was known as the \"Burlington\" when sold in England. Mathis founded his own car company in 1910 and the following year was a protagonist of the small, multi-cylinder engine, probably inspired by Bugatti.In 1907, Mathis developed a large factory in Strasbourg, where his cars were later made.\nDuring the Great Depression, Mathis looked for a partner for his firm and eventually chose Ford of America in 1934. The firm was briefly known as \"Matford\" (Mathis + Ford).\nFollowing the outbreak of the Second World War, as the German army invaded France, Mathis escaped to America, where he lived and worked throughout the war. He returned to Europe in 1946.\nMathis died after falling out of a hotel window in Geneva in 1956.", "Q166517": "Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of Arundel KG, (7 July 1586 \u2013 4 October 1646) was a prominent English courtier during the reigns of King James I and King Charles I, but he made his name as a Grand Tourist and art collector rather than as a politician. When he died he possessed 700 paintings, along with large collections of sculpture, books, prints, drawings, and antique jewellery. Most of his collection of marble carvings, known as the Arundel marbles, was eventually left to the University of Oxford.\nHe is sometimes referred to as the 21st Earl of Arundel, ignoring the supposed second creation of 1289, or the 2nd Earl of Arundel, the latter numbering depending on whether one views the earldom obtained by his father as a new creation or not. He was also 2nd or 4th Earl of Surrey; and was later created 1st Earl of Norfolk (5th creation). He is also known as \"the Collector Earl\".", "Q1559701": "Informationsdienst Wissenschaft e.V. or idw (The Science Information Service) operates an Internet platform, which bundles the press reports and dates of important events from about 1,000 scientific institutions, including universities, technical colleges, governmental and non-governmental research institutes and institutes to support research or scientific administration. idw (a registered charitable society) also operates an expert broker, the idw expert finder, which is exclusively for journalists. This makes idw one of the most comprehensive sources of science news in the German-speaking area. Foreign journalists and institutions (mostly European) now use idw as well. \n\n \nThe two main objectives of idw are:\n\nTo provide the public with a comprehensive picture of science in the German-speaking area.\nTo create a close network between the linked (research) institutions.", "Q232840": "Honor Blackman (22 August 1925 \u2013 5 April 2020) was an English actress, widely known for the roles of Cathy Gale in The Avengers (1962\u20131964), Bond girl Pussy Galore in Goldfinger (1964), Julia Daggett in Shalako (1968) and Hera in Jason and the Argonauts (1963). She is also known for her role as Laura West in the ITV sitcom The Upper Hand (1990\u20131996).", "Q373808": "Khujand (Tajik: \u0425\u0443\u04b7\u0430\u043d\u0434, romanized: Xujand; Uzbek: Xo\u2018jand/\u0425\u045e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0434; Persian: \u062e\u062c\u0646\u062f\u200c\u200e, romanized: Xojand), sometimes spelled Khodjent and known as Leninabad (Tajik: \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434, romanized: Leninobod; Persian: \u0644\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u200c\u200e, romanized: Lenin\u00e2b\u00e2d) from 1936 to 1991, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan and the capital of Tajikistan's northernmost province, Sughd. Khujand is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, dating back about 2,500 years. Situated on the Syr Darya river at the mouth of the Fergana Valley, Khujand was a major city along the ancient Silk Road. Captured by Alexander the Great in 329 BCE, it has been part of various empires in history, including the Umayyad Caliphate (8th century), the Mongol Empire (13th century) and the Russian empire (19th century). Today, the majority of its population are ethnic Tajiks and the city is close to the present borders of both Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.\n\n", "Q112296": "Max Dortu (1826-1849) was a German-born revolutionary democrat. He took part in the Berlin uprising of March 18, 1848 and participated in the Baden-Palatinate uprising of 1849. Following the suppression of the uprisings, the Prussian intervention forces in Baden eventually captured Dortu in Freiburg. He was tried by court martial and executed by a firing squad.", "Q1014384": "Nangong (simplified Chinese: \u5357\u5bab; traditional Chinese: \u5357\u5bae; pinyin: N\u00e1ng\u014dng) is a county-level city in the south of Hebei province, China. It is administered by the prefecture-level city of Xingtai.\nThe city's population was 82,500 as of 2005.\nNangong county was initially created in Western Han dynasty, many locals engaged in martial arts, Nangong is famous of \"hometown of martial arts\".", "Q241676": "Noah Webster Jr. (October 16, 1758 \u2013 May 28, 1843) was an American lexicographer, textbook pioneer, English-language spelling reformer, political writer, editor, and prolific author. He has been called the \"Father of American Scholarship and Education\". His \"Blue-backed Speller\" books taught five generations of American children how to spell and read. Webster's name has become synonymous with \"dictionary\" in the United States, especially the modern Merriam-Webster dictionary that was first published in 1828 as An American Dictionary of the English Language.\nBorn in West Hartford, Connecticut, Webster graduated from Yale College in 1778. He passed the bar examination after studying law under Oliver Ellsworth and others, but was unable to find work as a lawyer. He found some financial success by opening a private school and writing a series of educational books, including the \"Blue-Backed Speller.\" A strong supporter of the American Revolution and the ratification of the United States Constitution, Webster later criticized American society for being in need of an intellectual foundation. He believed that American nationalism was superior to Europe because American values were superior.In 1793, Alexander Hamilton recruited Webster to move to New York City and become an editor for a Federalist Party newspaper. He became a prolific author, publishing newspaper articles, political essays, and textbooks. He returned to Connecticut in 1798 and served in the Connecticut House of Representatives. Webster founded the Connecticut Society for the Abolition of Slavery in 1791 but later became somewhat disillusioned with the abolitionist movement.In 1806, Webster published his first dictionary, A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language. The following year, he started working on an expanded and comprehensive dictionary, finally publishing it in 1828. He was very influential in popularizing certain spellings in the United States. He was also influential in establishing the Copyright Act of 1831, the first major statutory revision of U.S. copyright law. While working on a second volume of his dictionary, Webster died in 1843, and the rights to the dictionary were acquired by George and Charles Merriam.\n\n", "Q913084": "Robert Merrill (June 4, 1917 \u2013 October 23, 2004) was an American operatic baritone and actor, who was also active in the musical theatre circuit. He received the National Medal of Arts in 1993.", "Q105932": "Charlotte Britz (born 27 February 1958) is a German politician who served as Mayor of Saarbr\u00fccken from 2004 until 2019.\n\n", "Q231391": "Bernadette Peters (born Bernadette Lazzara; February 28, 1948) is an American actress, singer, and children's book author. Over a career spanning five decades, she has starred in musical theatre, television and film, performed in solo concerts and released recordings. She is a critically acclaimed Broadway performer, having received seven nominations for Tony Awards, winning two (plus an honorary award), and nine nominations for Drama Desk Awards, winning three. Four of the Broadway cast albums on which she has starred have won Grammy Awards.\nRegarded by many as the foremost interpreter of the works of Stephen Sondheim, Peters is particularly noted for her roles on the Broadway stage, including in the musicals Mack and Mabel, Sunday in the Park with George, Song and Dance, Into the Woods, The Goodbye Girl, Annie Get Your Gun, Gypsy, Follies and Hello, Dolly!.Peters first performed on the stage as a child and then a teenaged actress in the 1960s, and in film and television in the 1970s. She was praised for this early work and for appearances on The Muppet Show, The Carol Burnett Show and in other television work, and for her roles in films including Silent Movie, The Jerk, Pennies from Heaven and Annie. In the 1980s, she returned to the theatre, where she became one of the best-known Broadway stars over the next three decades. She also has recorded six solo albums and several singles, as well as many cast albums, and performs regularly in her own solo concert act. Peters continues to act on stage, in films and on television in such series as Smash and Mozart in the Jungle. She has been nominated for three Emmy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards, winning once.", "Q315555": "Morihiro Hosokawa (\u7d30\u5ddd \u8b77\u7155, Hosokawa Morihiro, born 14 January 1938) is a Japanese politician who was Prime Minister of Japan from 1993 to 1994, leading a coalition government which was the first non-Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) government of Japan since 1955. After a funding scandal in early 1994, he was forced to resign. He later ran unsuccessfully as a candidate for Governor of Tokyo in the February 2014 gubernatorial election as an independent supported by the Democratic Party of Japan. He has been, since 2005, the 18th Head of the Kumamoto-Hosokawa clan, one of the noble families of Japan.", "Q172562": "Bob Veith (November 1, 1924 \u2013 March 29, 2006) was an American racecar driver.\nVeith drove in the AAA and USAC Championship Car series, racing from 1955 to 1968 with 63 starts. He finished in the top ten 37 times, with a best finish of 2nd twice, both in 1958.\nVeith suffered bruises and abrasions in a practice crash at Daytona International Speedway on March 29, 1959. He was saved by the roll bar when sliding upside down. The accident was caused by the starter shaft, which had been left in the car.Veith qualified for his first Indianapolis 500 in 1956, finishing 7th that year to win the Rookie of the Year award. After another top 10 finish the next year, he qualified 4th in 1958 but was knocked out of the race in a first lap accident that killed Pat O'Connor. He competed in the 500 eight more times, with his last start coming in 1968.", "Q221182": "Isocrates (; Greek: \u1f38\u03c3\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 [isokr\u00e1t\u025b\u0302\u02d0s]; 436\u2013338 BC), an ancient Greek rhetorician, was one of the ten Attic orators. Among the most influential Greek rhetoricians of his time, Isocrates made many contributions to rhetoric and education through his teaching and written works.\nGreek rhetoric is commonly traced to Corax of Syracuse, who first formulated a set of rhetorical rules in the fifth century BC. His pupil Tisias was influential in the development of the rhetoric of the courtroom, and by some accounts was the teacher of Isocrates. Within two generations, rhetoric had become an important art, its growth driven by social and political changes such as democracy and courts of law.", "Q228818": "Delta Lea Goodrem (born 1984) is an Australian singer, songwriter, and actress. Goodrem signed to Sony Music at the age of 15 and released her debut album, Innocent Eyes (2003), which topped the ARIA Albums Chart for 29 consecutive weeks. It was on the List of best-selling albums in Australia, with over four million copies sold.\nGoodrem's second album, Mistaken Identity (2004), was created while she was suffering from cancer. It became her second number-one album. In 2007, Goodrem released Delta, her third number-one album, which saw another number-one single, \"In This Life\". Her fourth studio album, Child of the Universe (2012), produced the single \"Sitting on Top of the World\". In 2016, her fifth album, Wings of the Wild, became her fourth number-one album on the ARIA Albums Chart, while giving her another number-one single, \"Wings\".\nGoodrem has a total of nine number-one singles and 17 top-ten hits on the ARIA Singles Chart. She has sold over eight million albums globally and overall has won three World Music Awards, 9 ARIA Music Awards, an MTV Video Music Award and several other awards. She has served as a coach on The Voice Australia every year since 2012 (except from in 2014), taking home the win in season five in 2016 and again in season six in 2017.", "Q1341315": "Knut Hjalmar Ferdinand Fr\u00e6nkel (born 14 February 1870, died probably at the end of October 1897) was a Swedish engineer and arctic explorer who perished in the Arctic balloon expedition of 1897 of S. A. Andr\u00e9e in 1897.", "Q77392": "Bogna Koreng (Upper Sorbian: Bogna Korje\u0144kowa; 1965 in Bautzen, East Germany) is a Sorbian journalist and TV presenter.", "Q442124": "Dennis Herron Murphree (January 6, 1886 \u2013 February 9, 1949) was a Mississippi politician. He was twice elected to the lieutenant governorship, once in 1923 and again in 1939. In each instance, he succeeded the governor who died in office and completed the term of his predecessor.", "Q104392": "Mohamed Naguib (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628\u200e, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [m\u00e6\u02c8\u0127\u00e6mm\u00e6d n\u00e6\u02c8\u0261i\u02d0b]; 19 February 1901 \u2013 28 August 1984) was the first President of Egypt, serving from the declaration of the Republic on 18 June 1953 to 14 November 1954. Along with Gamal Abdel Nasser, he was the primary leader of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which ended the rule of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in Egypt and Sudan.", "Q11771": "Corinna E. Lathan is an American entrepreneur, engineer, and social activist. She is the Chief Executive Officer, Co-Founder, and Board Chair of AnthroTronix, Inc., a biomedical research and development company headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland, USA. Lathan is recognized for her work on digital health software and assistive technology.", "Q2660468": "Isiah Whitlock Jr. (born September 13, 1954) is an American actor.\n\n", "Q268582": "Carmen Mart\u00edn Gaite (8 December 1925 \u2013 23 July 2000) was a Spanish author. She wrote in many genres, including novels, short stories, and essays. She also wrote screenplays. Over the course of her life, she won various awards, including the Premio Nadal in 1957 for Entre visillos, the Prince of Asturias Awards in 1988, the Award Premio Castilla y Le\u00f3n de las Letras in 1992, and the Premio Acebo de Honor awarded to her life work.\n\n", "Q489255": "Sioux City () is a city in Woodbury and Plymouth counties in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 82,684 in the 2010 census, which makes it the fourth-largest city in Iowa. The bulk of the city is in Woodbury County, of which it is the county seat, though a small portion is in Plymouth County. Sioux City is located at the navigational head of the Missouri River. The city is home to several cultural points of interest including the Sioux City Public Museum, Sioux City Art Center and Sergeant Floyd Monument, which is a National Historic Landmark. The city is also home to Chris Larsen Park, commonly referred to as \"the Riverfront\", which includes the Anderson Dance Pavilion, Sergeant Floyd Riverboat Museum and Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center. \nSioux City is the primary city of the five-county Sioux City, IA\u2013NE\u2013SD Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), with a population of 168,825 in 2010 and a slight increase to an estimated 169,405 in 2018. The Sioux City\u2013Vermillion, IA\u2013NE\u2013SD Combined Statistical Area had a population of 182,675 as of 2010 but had decreased to an estimated population of 178,448 as of 2018.Sioux City is at the navigational head, or the furthest upstream point to which general cargo ships can travel, of the Missouri River, approximately 95 miles (153 km) north of the Omaha\u2013Council Bluffs metropolitan area. Sioux City and the surrounding areas of northwestern Iowa, northeastern Nebraska and southeastern South Dakota are sometimes referred to as Siouxland, especially by local media and residents.\nIt is also a part of the Sioux Falls-Sioux City Designated Market Area (DMA), a larger media market region that covers parts of four states and has a population of 1,043,450.", "Q165778": "David Addison Reese (March 3, 1794 \u2013 December 16, 1871) was an American politician and doctor.", "Q452451": "Jacques Villegl\u00e9, born Jacques Mah\u00e9 de la Villegl\u00e9 (born 27 March 1926, Quimper, Brittany) is a French mixed-media artist and affichiste famous for his alphabet with symbolic letters and decollage with ripped or lacerated posters. \nHe is a member of the Nouveau R\u00e9alisme art group (1960\u20131970). \nHis work has primarily focused on the anonymous and on the marginal remains of civilization.", "Q85662": "Dagmar Gabriele W\u00f6hrl, born as Winkler (born May 5, 1954 in Stein, Bavaria) is a German politician with the CSU.", "Q509441": "Marcus Alonzo Hanna (September 24, 1837 \u2013 February 15, 1904) was an American businessman and Republican politician, who served as a United States Senator from Ohio as well as chairman of the Republican National Committee. A friend and political ally of President William McKinley, Hanna used his wealth and business skills to successfully manage McKinley's presidential campaigns in 1896 and 1900.\nHanna was born in New Lisbon (today Lisbon), Ohio, in 1837. His family moved to the growing city of Cleveland in his teenage years, where he attended high school with John D. Rockefeller. He was expelled from college, and entered the family mercantile business. He served briefly during the American Civil War and married Charlotte Rhodes; her father, Daniel Rhodes, took Hanna into his business after the war. Hanna was soon a partner in the firm, which grew to have interests in many areas, especially coal and iron. He was a millionaire by his 40th birthday, and turned his attention to politics.\nDespite Hanna's efforts on his behalf, Ohio Senator John Sherman failed to gain the Republican nomination for president in 1884 and 1888. With Sherman becoming too old to be considered a contender, Hanna worked to elect McKinley. In 1895, Hanna left his business career to devote himself full-time to McKinley's campaign for president. Hanna paid all expenses to get McKinley the nomination the following year, although he was in any event the frontrunner. The Democrats nominated former Nebraska Congressman William Jennings Bryan, who ran on a bimetallism, or \"Free Silver\", platform. Hanna's fundraising broke records, and once initial public enthusiasm for Bryan and his program subsided, McKinley was comfortably elected.\nDeclining a Cabinet position, Hanna secured appointment as senator from Ohio after Sherman was made Secretary of State; he was re-elected by the Ohio General Assembly in 1898 and 1904. After McKinley's assassination in 1901, Senator Hanna worked for the building of a canal in Panama, rather than elsewhere in Central America, as had previously been proposed. He died in 1904, and is remembered for his role in McKinley's election, thanks to savage cartoons by such illustrators as Homer Davenport, who lampooned him as McKinley's political master.", "Q487278": "Meiningen is a town in the southern part of the state of Thuringia, Germany. It is located in the region of Franconia and has a population of around 25,000 (2020). Meiningen is the capital and the largest town of the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district. From 1680 to 1920, Meiningen was the capital of the Duchy (and briefly of the Free State) of Saxe-Meiningen.\nMeiningen is considered the cultural, judicial and financial centre of southern Thuringia and thus hosts the state theatre, justice center, state archives, bank buildings and many museums. It is economically reliant on mechanical engineering, high-tech industry and tourism. The dialect and language of the inhabitants is East Franconian.", "Q737503": "Juhan Liiv (30 April [O.S. 18 April] 1864 in Allatzkiwwi \u2013 1 December [O.S. 18 November] 1913) in Werbach-Kosse) is one of Estonia's most famous poets and prose writers.", "Q180092": "Aaron Matson (1770 \u2013 July 18, 1855) was a United States Representative from New Hampshire. He was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts. He moved to Cheshire County, New Hampshire, where he was the county judge of probate.\nMatson was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives 1806\u20131808, 1810\u20131814, 1817, and 1818, and a member of the Executive Council 1819\u20131821. He was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Seventeenth Congress and reelected as an Adams-Clay Republican to the Eighteenth Congress (March 4, 1821 \u2013 March 3, 1825). After leaving Congress, he was again a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1827 and 1828. He died in Newport, Vermont in 1855.", "Q527964": "Flora Rheta Schreiber (April 24, 1918 \u2013 November 3, 1988), an American journalist, was the author of the 1973 bestseller Sybil, the story of a woman (identified years later as Shirley Ardell Mason) who had a dissociative identity disorder and allegedly had 16 different personalities. As Mason had insisted on protection of her privacy, Schreiber gave her the cover identity of Sybil Isabel Dorsett.\nSchreiber was an English instructor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice for many years. She later wrote The Shoemaker, a book documenting the true story of Joseph Kallinger, a serial killer who was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia.\nSchreiber's papers are housed in the Lloyd Sealy Library Special Collections at John Jay College. The collection is comprehensive documentation of her life and career.", "Q96178": "Emil Johann Rudolf Puhl (28 August 1889 in Berlin \u2013 30 March 1962 in Hamburg) was a Nazi economist and banking official during World War II.", "Q131329": "Arras ( ARR-\u0259ss, French: [a\u0281\u0251s] (listen); Picard: Aro; Dutch: Atrecht [\u02c8a\u02d0tr\u025bxt] (listen)) is the capital (chef-lieu/pr\u00e9fecture) of the Pas-de-Calais department, which forms part of the region of Hauts-de-France; prior to the reorganization of 2014 it was located in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. The historic centre of the Artois region, with a Baroque town square, Arras is located in Northern France at the confluence of the Scarpe river and the Crinchon River.The Arras plain lies on a large chalk plateau bordered on the north by the Marqueffles fault, on the southwest by the Artois and Ternois hills, and on the south by the slopes of Beaufort-Blavincourt. On the east it is connected to the Scarpe valley.\nEstablished during the Iron Age by the Gauls, the town of Arras was first known as Nemetocenna, which is believed to have originated from the Celtic word nemeton, meaning 'sacred space'.\nSaint Vedast (or St. Vaast) was the first Catholic bishop in the year 499 and attempted to eliminate paganism among the Franks. By 843, Arras was seat of the County of Artois which became part of the Royal domain in 1191.\nThe first mention of the name Arras appeared in the 12th century. Some hypothesize it is a contraction of Atrebates, a Belgic tribe of Gaul and Britain that used to inhabit the area. The name Atrebates could have successively evolved to become Atrades, Atradis, Aras and finally Arras. Others believe it comes from the Celtic word Ar, meaning 'running water', as the Scarpe river flows through Arras. Louis XIII reconquered Arras in 1640; the town officially became part of France in 1659.\nArras is Pas-de-Calais\u2019 third most populous town after Calais and Boulogne-sur-Mer. The town counted 43,693 residents in 2012, with the Arras metropolitan area having a population of 124,200. Arras is located 182 kilometers (113 miles) north of Paris and can be reached in 2 hours by car and in 50 minutes by TGV. It is the historic center of the former Artois province. Its local speech is characterized as a patois. The city of Arras is well known for its architecture, culture, and history. It was once part of the Spanish Netherlands, a portion of the Low Countries controlled by Spain from 1556 to 1714.\nEach year Arras attracts thousands of visitors, who explore the city's architecture and historic buildings. Some famous attractions include the splendid Town Hall and its Belfry (listed as an UNESCO World Heritage Site since 15 July 2005), the \"Boves\" (a maze 10 m (33 ft) beneath the city), the Squares (La Place des H\u00e9ros and La Grand'Place), the Art District (the Theatre of Arras and the H\u00f4tel de Gu\u00eenes), the Abbey District (The Saint-Vaast Abbey and the Cathedral of Arras), the Vauban Citadel, and the Nemetacum site (the ancient town founded by the Romans 2000 years ago). The Canadian National Vimy Memorial is just outside the town.\nUnlike many French words, the final s in the name Arras should be pronounced.", "Q382629": "Just Before Nightfall (French: Juste avant la nuit) is a 1971 crime drama film written and directed by Claude Chabrol, based on the novel The Thin Line by Edward Atiyah. Audran won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her role at the 27th British Academy Film Awards.", "Q1278580": "Ebenezer McBurney Byers (April 12, 1880 \u2013 March 31, 1932) was a wealthy American socialite, athlete, and industrialist. He won the 1906 U.S. Amateur in golf. He earned notoriety in the early 1930s when he died from multiple radiation-induced cancers after consuming Radithor, a popular patent medicine made from radium dissolved in water.", "Q320288": "Frisians in Peril (German: Friesennot) is a 1935 German drama film directed by Peter Hagen and starring Friedrich Kay\u00dfler, Jessie Vihrog and Val\u00e9ry Inkijinoff. Made for Nazi propaganda purposes, it concerns a village of ethnic Frisians in Russia. \nThe film's sets were designed by the art directors Robert A. Dietrich and Bernhard Schwidewski. Location shooting took place around Bispingen. It premiered at the Ufa-Palast am Zoo.\nThe film has also been known as Dorf im roten Sturm (Germany; reissue title) and Frisions [sic] in Distress (USA).", "Q43989": "Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin (; Russian: \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0415\u0444\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d [\u0261r\u02b2\u026a\u02c8\u0261or\u02b2\u026aj j\u026a\u02c8f\u02b2im\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 r\u0250\u02c8sput\u02b2\u026an]; 21 January [O.S. 9 January] 1869 \u2013 30 December [O.S. 17 December] 1916) was a Russian mystic and self-proclaimed holy man who befriended the family of Emperor Nicholas II, the last monarch of Russia, and gained considerable influence in late imperial Russia.\nRasputin was born to a peasant family in the Siberian village of Pokrovskoye in the Tyumensky Uyezd of Tobolsk Governorate (now Yarkovsky District of Tyumen Oblast). He had a religious conversion experience after taking a pilgrimage to a monastery in 1897. He has been described as a monk or as a \"strannik\" (wanderer or pilgrim), though he held no official position in the Russian Orthodox Church. He traveled to St. Petersburg in 1903 or the winter of 1904\u201305, where he captivated some church and social leaders. He became a society figure and met the tsar and Tsarina Alexandra in November 1905.\nIn late 1906, Rasputin began acting as a healer for the only son of Tsar Nicholas II, Alexei, who suffered from hemophilia. He was a divisive figure at court, seen by some Russians as a mystic, visionary, and prophet, and by others as a religious charlatan. The high point of Rasputin's power was in 1915 when Nicholas II left St. Petersburg to oversee Russian armies fighting World War I, increasing both Alexandra and Rasputin's influence. Russian defeats mounted during the war, however, and both Rasputin and Alexandra became increasingly unpopular. In the early morning of 30 December [O.S. 17 December] 1916, Rasputin was assassinated by a group of conservative noblemen who opposed his influence over Alexandra and the tsar.\nHistorians often suggest that Rasputin's terrible reputation helped discredit the tsarist government and thus helped precipitate the overthrow of the Romanov dynasty which happened a few weeks after he was assassinated. Accounts of his life and influence were often based on hearsay and rumor.", "Q89058": "Peter Rosei (born in Vienna on 17 June 1946) is an Austrian literary writer.\nRosei attended the University of Vienna, where he earned a doctorate in law in 1968. He worked for a time as the personal assistant to the Viennese painter Ernst Fuchs and then as the director of a publishing house for textbooks and nonfiction.Since 1972 he has been a freelance writer, publishing novels, stories, essays, poetry, plays, travelogues, and children's literature. He has traveled extensively and intensively throughout the world and has been a guest writer at Oberlin College, Bowling Green State University, and the University of New Mexico at Taos, as well as guest professor at the University of Nagoya, Japan.\nHis literary breakthrough came with the novel Wer war Edgar Allan (Who was Edgar Allan) in 1977, which was filmed by the Austrian director Michael Haneke, with a screenplay by Rosei, in 1984. His fictional texts portray the limits of knowledge and the discrepancies between thought and action in Western society. Rosei's prolific output includes the novels Die Milchstrasse (The Milky Way, 1981), Rebus (1990), and Persona (1995), as well as a six-part novel cycle titled Das 15 000-Seelen-Projekt (The 15,000 Souls Project) from 1984-1988. In 2005 he published a panoramic novel of Vienna during the postwar period, Wien Metropolis (Metropolis Vienna).\nWorks that have been translated into English include Von hier nach dort (1978) (From Here to There, translated by Kathleen Thorpe, 1991), Das schnelle Gl\u00fcck (1980) (Try Your Luck, translated by Kathleen Thorpe, 1994), and Ruthless and Other Writings (translated by Geoffrey Howes, 2003), all published by Ariadne Press; and Wien Metropolis (2005) (Metropolis Vienna, translated by Geoffrey C. Howes, published by Green Integer in 2009).", "Q107843": "Michael Boddenberg (born 15 July 1959) is a German politician for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU). Since 3 April 2020, he has been Minister of Finance of Hesse.", "Q91617": "Karl Friedrich Ludwig Goedeke (15 April 1814 \u2013 28 October 1887) was a German historian of literature, an author, and a professor.\nHe was born at Celle and was educated at G\u00f6ttingen (1833-1838), where he attended lectures by Jacob Grimm, with whom he maintained a lifelong friendship. From 1841 to 1855, he lived and worked in Hannover, and from 1873 until his death, was a professor at the University of G\u00f6ttingen.\nAfter writing several novels and the drama \"K\u00f6nig Kodrus, eine Missgeburt der Zeit\", under the pseudonym \"Karl Stahl\", he devoted himself to critical and biographical literature. His publications include: \n\nDeutschlands Dichter von 1813 bis 1843 (1844).\nElf B\u00fccher deutscher Dichtung von Sebastian Brant bis auf die Gegenwart (1849).\nDeutsche Dichtung im Mittelalter (second edition, 1871).\nGrundriss zur Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung (third edition, under the editorship of Edmund Goetze, 1910 et seq.), his principal work.\nHe also wrote biographies of Lessing, Goethe, and Schiller.", "Q431874": "Leslie Ann Stefanson (born May 10, 1971) is an American model, actress and artist. She is most known for playing the title role as Capt. Elisabeth Campbell in the film The General's Daughter, and Joan Bennett Kennedy in the TV movie Jackie, Ethel, Joan: The Women of Camelot.", "Q192496": "Robert Fulton (November 14, 1765 \u2013 February 25, 1815) was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat; the first was called North River Steamboat (later Clermont). In 1807 that steamboat traveled on the Hudson River with passengers, from New York City to Albany and back again, a round trip of 300 miles (480 km), in 62 hours. The success of his steamboat changed river traffic and trade on major American rivers.\nIn 1800, Fulton had been commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte, leader of France, to attempt to design a submarine; he produced Nautilus, the first practical submarine in history. Fulton is also credited with inventing some of the world's earliest naval torpedoes for use by the British Royal Navy.Fulton became interested in steam engines and the idea of steamboats in 1777 when he was around age 12 and visited state delegate William Henry of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, who was interested in this topic. Henry had learned about inventor James Watt and his Watt steam engine on an earlier visit to England.", "Q88346": "Christian Freiherr von Stetten (born 24 July 1970 in Stuttgart) is a German businessman and politician of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU). He has served as Member of the Parliament of Germany, the Bundestag, since 2002. He represents the constituency of Schw\u00e4bisch Hall-Hohenlohe, and succeeded his father Wolfgang von Stetten as the Member of Parliament from that constituency.", "Q179351": "The City of Westminster is an Inner London borough that also holds city status. It occupies much of the central area of Greater London including most of the West End. Historically in Middlesex, it is to the west of the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary is the River Thames. The London borough was created with the 1965 establishment of Greater London. Upon its creation, it inherited the city status previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster from 1900, which was first awarded to Westminster in 1540.\nAside from numerous large parks and open spaces, the population density of the district is high. Many sites commonly associated with London are in the borough, including St James's Palace, Buckingham Palace, the Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament) and 10 Downing Street. The borough is divided into a number of localities including the ancient political district of Westminster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night-time entertainment district of Soho. Much of the borough is residential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a population of 236,000. The local government body is Westminster City Council.\nA study in 2017 by Trust for London and The New Policy Institute found that Westminster has the third-highest pay inequality of the 32 London boroughs. It also has the second-least affordable private rent for low earners in London, behind only Kensington and Chelsea. The borough performs more positively on education, with 82% of adults and 69% of 19-year-olds having Level 3 qualifications.", "Q97266": "Silvia Wadhwa is a German financial journalist. She previously worked for CNBC Europe in Frankfurt. She reported daily from the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (usually on European Closing Bell and Europe Tonight), and provided German language business news updates for the N24 news channel. Wadhwa was also the network's European Central Bank correspondent, reporting from the bank's headquarters on days of interest rate decisions and attending the subsequent press conferences. In December 2007 she began writing a blog, \u20acurocentric, for CNBC.com.\n\n", "Q3455756": "T. Harv Eker (born June 10, 1954) is an author, businessman and motivational speaker known for his theories on wealth and motivation. He is the author of the book Secrets of the Millionaire Mind published by HarperCollins.", "Q514376": "Athirson Mazzoli e Oliveira, (born 16 January 1977), better known as Athirson, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as left back and current coach.", "Q8475": "The International Criminal Police Organisation (ICPO-INTERPOL; French: Organisation internationale de police criminelle), more commonly known as INTERPOL (UK: INT-\u0259-pol, US: -\u2060\u0259r-pohl), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and crime control. Headquartered in Lyon, France, it has seven regional bureaus worldwide and a National Central Bureau in all 194 members states, making it the world's largest police organization.INTERPOL originated with the first International Criminal Police Congress in 1914, which brought officials from 24 countries to discuss cooperation on law enforcement matters. It was founded in 1923 as the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC), adopting many of its current duties throughout the 1930s. After coming under Nazi control in 1938, the agency was effectively moribund until after the Second World War. In 1956, the ICPC adopted a new constitution and the name INTERPOL, derived from its telegraphic address used since 1946.INTERPOL provides investigative support, expertise, and training to law enforcement worldwide, focusing on three major areas of transnational crime: terrorism, cybercrime, and organized crime. Its broad mandate covers virtually every kind of crime, including crimes against humanity, child pornography, drug trafficking and production, political corruption, copyright infringement, and white-collar crime. The agency also facilitates cooperation among national law enforcement institutions through criminal databases and communications networks. Contrary to popular belief, INTERPOL is itself not a law enforcement agency.\nINTERPOL has an annual budget of around \u20ac113 million (US$131 million), most of which comes from annual contributions by member police forces in 181 countries. It is governed by a General Assembly, composed of all member countries, which elects the Executive Committee and the President\u2014currently Kim Jong Yang of South Korea\u2014to supervise the implementation of INTERPOL's policies and administration. Day-to-day operations are carried out by the General Secretariat, comprising around 1,000 personnel from over 100 countries, including both police and civilians. The Secretariat is led by the Secretary General, currently J\u00fcrgen Stock, the former deputy head of Germany's Federal Criminal Police Office.INTERPOL seeks to remain as politically neutral as possible so as to fulfill its mandate; hence its charter bars the organization from undertaking interventions or activities of a political, military, religious, or racial nature or involving itself in disputes over such matters. The agency operates in four languages: Arabic, English, French, and Spanish.", "Q203337": "Pulmonology (, from Latin pulm\u014d, -\u014dnis \"lung\" and the Greek suffix -\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 -log\u00eda \"study of\") or pneumology (, built on Greek \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd pne\u00fam\u014dn \"lung\") is a medical specialty that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract. It is also known as respirology, respiratory medicine, or chest medicine in some countries and areas.\nPulmonology is considered a branch of internal medicine, and is related to intensive care medicine. Pulmonology often involves managing patients who need life support and mechanical ventilation. Pulmonologists are specially trained in diseases and conditions of the chest, particularly pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, and complicated chest infections.", "Q160614": "Gjergj Kastrioti (6 May 1405 \u2013 17 January 1468), known as Skanderbeg (Albanian: Sk\u00ebnderbej or Sk\u00ebnderbeu from Ottoman Turkish: \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u200e, romanized: \u0130skender Be\u011f), was an Albanian nobleman and military commander who led a rebellion against the Ottoman Empire in what is today Albania, North Macedonia, Kosovo, Montenegro and Serbia.\nA member of the noble Kastrioti family, he was sent as a hostage to the Ottoman court. He was educated there and entered the service of the Ottoman sultan for the next twenty years. His rise through the ranks culminated in his appointment as sanjakbey (governor) of the Sanjak of Dibra in 1440. In 1443, during the Battle of Ni\u0161, he deserted the Ottomans and became the ruler of Kruj\u00eb, Svetigrad, and Modri\u010d. In 1444, the council of feudal lords that historians would later call the League of Lezh\u00eb named Skanderbeg its chief military commander (first among equals). The league consolidated nobility throughout what is today Northern Albania, under King Alfonso V, with Skanderbeg as captain general. Thus, for the first time Albania was united under a single leader. Skanderbeg's rebellion was not a general uprising of Albanians, because he did not gain support in the Venetian-controlled north or in the Ottoman-controlled south. His followers included, apart from Albanians, also Slavs, Vlachs, and Greeks. Despite this military valor he was not able to do more than to hold his own possessions within the very small area in today's northern Albania where almost all of his victories against the Ottomans took place. His rebellion was a national rebellion. The resistance led by him brought Albanians of different regions and dialects together in a common cause, helping define the ethnic identity of the Albanians. Skanderbeg's military skills presented a major obstacle to Ottoman expansion, and many in western Europe considered him to be a model of Christian resistance against Muslims. For 25 years, from 1443 to 1468, Skanderbeg's 10,000-man army marched through Ottoman territory, winning against consistently larger and better-supplied Ottoman forces. He was greatly admired for this.Skanderbeg always signed himself in Latin: Dominus Albaniae (\"Lord of Albania\"), and claimed no other titles but that in surviving documents. In 1451, through the Treaty of Gaeta, he recognized de jure the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Naples over Albania, ensuring a protective alliance, although he remained a de facto independent ruler. In 1460\u201361, he supported Ferdinand I of Naples in his wars against John of Anjou and the barons who supported John's claim to the throne of Naples. \nIn 1463, he became the chief commander of the crusading forces of Pope Pius II, but the Pope died while the armies were still gathering. Together with Venetians, he fought against the Ottomans during the Ottoman\u2013Venetian War (1463\u20131479) until his death in January 1468. He ranks high in the military history of that time as the most persistent\u2014and ever-victorious\u2014opponent of the Ottoman Empire in its heyday .", "Q554746": "Dmitry Vasilyevich Grigorovich (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447) (March 31 [O.S. March 19] 1822 \u2013 January 3 1900 [O.S. December 22, 1899]) was a Russian writer, best known for his first two novels, The Village and Anton Goremyka, and lauded as the first author to have realistically portrayed the life of the Russian rural community and openly condemn the system of serfdom.", "Q1323": "Domingo Santa Mar\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez (American Spanish: [do\u02c8m\u0129\u014bgo \u02c8s\u00e3nta ma\u02c8\u027ei.a]; August 4, 1825 \u2013 July 18, 1889) was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile between 1881 and 1886.", "Q72598": "Joseph Anton von Maffei (4 September 1790 \u2013 1 September 1870) was a German industrialist. Together with Joseph von Baader (1763\u20131835) and Baron Theodor Freiherr von Cramer-Klett (1817\u20131884), Maffei was one of the three most important railway pioneers in Bavaria.\n\n", "Q599720": "Kurt Ralske (born 1967 in New York City) is an American visual artist and musician. He is the former singer and guitarist in alternative rock band Ultra Vivid Scene.", "Q348134": "The Italia Conti Academy is a performing arts educational institution based in London, England delivering a variety of disciplines and theatre training at Secondary Education, Further Education and Higher Education.\nIt was founded in 1911 by the actress Italia Conti.The academy grew out of the first production of the play Where the Rainbow Ends. Italia Conti, an established actress with a reputation for her success working with young people, was asked to take over the job of training the cast.\nThe academy then moved to a church building in Conduit Street, however during World War II, the academy was bombed, destroying all early records. In 1972, the academy relocated to a building in Landor Road, Clapham. It was the home to all full-time Italia Conti pupils for nine years.\nIn 1981, the academy grew and developed so much that it had to expand to Goswell Road in the City of London where the Junior and Musical Theatre courses are run. The BA Acting and CertHe Intro to Acting programmes are still based at the Avondale site in Clapham. It is a member of the Federation of Drama Schools.", "Q73686": "Nina-Friederike Gn\u00e4dig (born 9 December 1977) is a German actress. She is best known for her performance as Anna Badosi in Stuttgart Homicide.", "Q1164663": "Daniel David Kirwan (13 May 1950 \u2013 8 June 2018) was a British musician whose greatest success came with his role as guitarist, singer and songwriter with the blues rock band Fleetwood Mac between 1968 and 1972. He released three albums as a solo artist from 1975 to 1979, recorded albums with Otis Spann, Chris Youlden, and Tramp, and worked with his former Fleetwood Mac colleagues Jeremy Spencer and Christine McVie on some of their solo projects.", "Q88352": "J\u00f6rg Sch\u00f6nbohm (2 September 1937 \u2013 7 February 2019) was a German politician (CDU) and a retired Lieutenant General. He was the first commander of the Bundeswehr Eastern Command in 1990, which supervised the absorption of the East German National People's Army into the Federal German armed forces. In 1991 he became the Inspector of the Army, the highest-ranking officer in the German Army; he was retired in 1992 to become Undersecretary for Security Policy in the Federal Ministry of Defence. From 1996 to 1998 Sch\u00f6nbohm was Senator of the Interior for the city of Berlin, and from 1999 to 2009 he held the same office as Interior Minister for the state of Brandenburg.", "Q1391336": "Comedy rock is rock music mixed with comedy, often satire and irony.", "Q97272": "Heinrich Gattineau (6 January 1905 \u2013 27 April 1985) was a German economist, Sturmabteilung (SA) leader, director of IG Farben and defendant during the Nuremberg trials.\n\n", "Q1396459": "Mingyi Nyo (Burmese: \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u100a\u102d\u102f; also spelled Mingyinyo or Minkyinyo; pronounced [m\u026a\u0301\u0270\u0303d\u0291\u00ed\u0272\u00f2]; 1459\u20131530) was the founder of Toungoo dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). Under his 45-year leadership (1485\u20131530), Toungoo (Taungoo), grew from a remote backwater vassal state of Ava Kingdom to a small but stable independent kingdom. In 1510, he declared Toungoo's independence from its nominal overlord Ava. He skillfully kept his small kingdom out of the chaotic warfare plaguing Upper Burma. Toungoo's stability continued to attract refugees from Ava fleeing the repeated raids of Ava by the Confederation of Shan States (1490s\u20131527). Nyo left a stable, confident kingdom that enabled his successor Tabinshwehti to contemplate taking on larger kingdoms on his way to founding the Toungoo Empire.\n\n", "Q52890": "Gustaf V (Oscar Gustaf Adolf; 16 June 1858 \u2013 29 October 1950) was King of Sweden from 1907 until his death in 1950. He was the eldest son of King Oscar II of Sweden and Sophia of Nassau, a half-sister of Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. Reigning from the death of his father Oscar II in 1907 until his own death 43 years later, he holds the record of being the oldest monarch of Sweden and the third-longest reigning after Magnus IV and Carl XVI Gustaf. He was also the last Swedish monarch to exercise his royal prerogatives, which largely died with him, although formally abolished only with the remaking of the Swedish constitution in 1974. He was the first Swedish king since the High Middle Ages not to have a coronation and hence never wore a crown, a tradition continuing to date.\nGustaf's early reign saw the rise of parliamentary rule in Sweden, although the leadup to World War I induced his dismissal of Liberal Prime Minister Karl Staaff in 1914, replacing him with his own figurehead Hjalmar Hammarskj\u00f6ld (father of Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld) for most of the war. However, after the Liberals and Social Democrats secured a parliamentary majority under Staaff's successor, Nils Ed\u00e9n, he allowed Ed\u00e9n to form a new government which de facto stripped the monarchy of all virtual powers and enacted universal and equal suffrage, including for women, by 1919. Bowing fully to the principles of parliamentary democracy, he remained a popular figurehead for the remaining 31 years of his rule, although not completely without influence \u2013 during World War II he allegedly urged Per Albin Hansson's coalition government to accept requests from Nazi Germany for logistics support, refusing which might have provoked an invasion. This remains controversial to date, although he is not known to have shown much support for fascism or radical nationalism; his pro-German and anti-Communist stance was well known also in World War I.\nFollowing his death at age 92, he was implicated in a homosexual affair in the Haijby affair. His alleged lover Kurt Haijby was imprisoned in 1952 for blackmail of the court in the 1930s. (Homosexuality was a criminal offense in Sweden until 1944, though Gustaf's position would have granted automatic immunity.) An avid hunter and sportsman, he presided over the 1912 Olympic Games and chaired the Swedish Association of Sports from 1897 to 1907. Most notably, he represented Sweden (under the alias of Mr G.) as a competitive tennis player, keeping up competitive tennis until his 80s, when his eyesight deteriorated rapidly. He died from flu complications and was succeeded by his son, Gustaf VI Adolf.", "Q235685": "Dana Charles Reeve (n\u00e9e Morosini; March 17, 1961 \u2013 March 6, 2006) was an American actress, singer, and activist for disability causes. She was the wife of actor Christopher Reeve.", "Q202029": "Bringing Down the House is a 2003 American comedy film written by Jason Filardi and directed by Adam Shankman. The film stars Steve Martin and Queen Latifah.", "Q3827749": "Laura Conti (31 March 1921 \u2014 25 May 1993) was an Italian anti-fascist partisan, doctor, environmentalist, socialist politician, feminist, and novelist, considered one of the avant-garde figures of Italian environmentalism.", "Q1036131": "Daniel Victor Snaith (born 1978) is a Canadian composer, musician, and recording artist who has performed under the stage names Caribou, Manitoba, and Daphni.\n\n", "Q2651879": "Rudolf Degermark (July 19, 1886 \u2013 May 21, 1960) was a Swedish gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Swedish team, which was able to win the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team event in 1908.", "Q57730": "Wilhelm Zaisser (20 June 1893 \u2013 3 March 1958) was a German communist politician and the first Minister for State Security of the German Democratic Republic (1950\u20131953).", "Q442656": "Mehmet Bar\u0131\u015f Man\u00e7o (born Tosun Yusuf Mehmet Bar\u0131\u015f Man\u00e7o; 2 January 1943 \u2013 1 February 1999), known by his stage name Bar\u0131\u015f Man\u00e7o, was a Turkish rock musician, singer, songwriter, composer, actor, television producer and show host. Beginning his musical career while attending Galatasaray High School, he was a pioneer of rock music in Turkey and one of the founders of the Anatolian rock genre. Man\u00e7o composed around 200 songs and is among the best-selling and most awarded Turkish artists to date. Many of his songs were translated into a variety of languages including English, French, Japanese, Greek, Italian, Bulgarian, Romanian, Persian, Hebrew, Urdu, Arabic, and German, among others. Through his TV program, 7'den 77'ye (\"From 7 to 77\"), Man\u00e7o traveled the world and visited most countries on the globe. He remains one of the most popular public figures of Turkey.\n\n", "Q247575": "Z\u00e9non Bacq (31 December 1903 in La Louvi\u00e8re \u2013 12 July 1983 in Fontenoy) was a Belgian radiobiologist and inventor. He studied medicine at the Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and became an MD in 1927. He studied at Harvard University (1929\u20131930), with a grant from the FNRS. He taught animal physiology, pathology, as well as pharmacology and radiobiology at the University of Li\u00e8ge (ULg).\nWhile studying the chemical transmissions of nerve impulses, he invented processes to guard himself against ionizing radiations. In 1948 he was awarded the Francqui Prize on Biological and Medical Sciences.", "Q93014": "Maksymilian Rafailovych \"Max\" Levchin (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0430\u043d \u0420\u0430\u0444\u0430\u0457\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0447\u0438\u043d; born July 11, 1975) is a Ukrainian-born American software engineer. In 1998, soon after graduating from college, he co-founded (with Peter Thiel) the company that eventually became PayPal. Levchin notably made contributions to PayPal's anti-fraud efforts and is also the co-creator of the Gausebeck-Levchin test, one of the first commercial implementations of a CAPTCHA challenge response human test.\nHe has also founded or co-founded the companies Slide.com, HVF and Affirm. He was an early investor in Yelp and was their largest shareholder as of 2012.", "Q472795": "VASKhNIL (Russian: \u0412\u0410\u0421\u0425\u041d\u0418\u041b) was the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the Soviet Union (the acronym stands for \"Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences\" or \"V.I. Lenin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,\" \"\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0412. \u0418. \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430\"). Built upon the model of the Academy of Sciences of USSR, VASKhNIL included not only a body of academicians but a vast network of research institutions scattered all over the country with thousands of researchers, plant and cattle breeders. \nIt operated from 1929 to 1992 (dissolution of the Soviet Union). In the 1930s - 1940s, meetings of the academy members (\"sessions\" of VASKhNIL) provided the floor for debates between Lysenkoists and geneticists. After Trofim Lysenko had taken control over the Academy, it became for about thirty years a stronghold of Lysenkoism. The proverbial among Russian biologists \"August session of VASKhNIL\" (July 31 - August 7, 1948) organised under control of the Communist party (Joseph Stalin personally corrected the drafts of the Trofim Lysenko's opening address \"On the Situation in Biological Science\") led to a formal ban on teaching \"Mendelist-Weismannist-Morganist\" genetics (a pejorative label based on the names of Gregor Mendel, August Weismann, and Thomas Hunt Morgan), which was effective until the early 1960s.", "Q388476": "The Mechanic is a 2011 American action thriller film directed by Simon West, starring Jason Statham and Ben Foster. Written by Lewis John Carlino and Richard Wenk, it is a remake of the 1972 film of the same name. Statham stars as Arthur Bishop, a professional assassin who specializes in making his hits look like accidents, suicides, or the acts of petty criminals. It was released in the U.S. and Canada on January 28, 2011 to mixed reviews. A sequel, Mechanic: Resurrection, was released on August 26, 2016.", "Q633": "Neil Percival Young (born November 12, 1945) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and self described activist. After embarking on a music career in the 1960s, he moved to Los Angeles, he joined Buffalo Springfield with Stephen Stills, Richie Furay and others. Young had released two solo albums and three as a member of Buffalo Springfield by the time he joined Crosby, Stills & Nash. None met with billboard chart top-ten hits. Meanwhile Crosby, Stills & Nash had won the 1969 Grammy Award without Young in the group. Since his early solo albums and those with his backing band Crazy Horse, Young has been prolific, recording a steady stream of studio and live albums.\nYoung has received several Grammy and Juno Awards. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted him twice: in 1995 as a solo artist and in 1997 as a member of Buffalo Springfield. In 2000, Rolling Stone named Young the 34th greatest rock 'n roll artist. His guitar work, deeply personal lyrics and signature tenor singing voice define his long career. He also plays piano and harmonica on many albums, which frequently combine folk, rock, country and other musical styles. His often distorted electric guitar playing, especially with Crazy Horse, earned him the nickname \"Godfather of Grunge\" and led to his 1995 album Mirror Ball with Pearl Jam. More recently he has been backed by Promise of the Real. His 22 albums and singles has been certified Gold and Platinum in U.S by RIAA certification with estimated worldwide sales more than 75 million records.Young directed (or co-directed) films using the pseudonym Bernard Shakey, including Journey Through the Past (1973), Rust Never Sleeps (1979), Human Highway (1982), Greendale (2003), and CSNY/D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu (2008). He also contributed to the soundtracks of the films Philadelphia (1993) and Dead Man (1995).\nYoung has lived in California since the 1960s but retains Canadian citizenship. He was awarded the Order of Manitoba on July 14, 2006, and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on December 30, 2009. He became a United States citizen, taking dual citizenship on January 22, 2020.", "Q172210": "Eitel Danilo Cantoni (born in Montevideo, 4 October 1906 \u2013 died in Montevideo, 6 June 1997) was a racing driver from Uruguay. He participated in three World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 19 July 1952. He was the patron of the Escuderia Bandeirantes outfit, which entered Maserati A6GCM cars for Cantoni and other drivers. He scored no championship points, but also competed in four other Grands Prix during that year, his best finish being seventh at the Modena Grand Prix. Cantoni later competed in South American endurance races.", "Q257766": "Cheryl Yang (Chinese: \u694a\u8b39\u83ef; pinyin: Y\u00e1ng J\u01d0nhu\u00e1; born 12 December 1977) is a Taiwanese actress. She joined the entertainment scene at the age of 14 when she filmed her first commercial. Not long after she started her career, she filmed a music video together with Andy Lau, which made her attention in the industry. She rose to prominence when she filmed the Taiwanese drama My Queen in 2009 with actor Ethan Juan.\n\n", "Q323795": "Emil Schult (born 10 October 1946 in Dessau, Germany, lives in Viersen) is a painter, poet and audio-visual artist.", "Q208262": "Eastbourne ( (listen)) is a town, seaside resort and borough in the non-metropolitan county of East Sussex on the south coast of England, 19 miles (31 km) east of Brighton. Eastbourne is immediately to the east of Beachy Head, the highest chalk sea cliff in Great Britain and part of the larger Eastbourne Downland Estate.\nWith a seafront consisting largely of Victorian hotels, a pier and a Napoleonic era fort and military museum, Eastbourne was developed at the direction of the Duke of Devonshire from 1859 from four separate hamlets. It has a growing population, a broad economic base and is home to companies in a wide range of industries.\nThough Eastbourne is a relatively new town, there is evidence of human occupation in the area from the Stone Age. The town grew as a fashionable tourist resort largely thanks to prominent landowner, William Cavendish, later to become the Duke of Devonshire. Cavendish appointed architect Henry Currey to design a street plan for the town, but not before sending him to Europe to draw inspiration. The resulting mix of architecture is typically Victorian and remains a key feature of Eastbourne.As a seaside resort Eastbourne derives a large and increasing income from tourism, with revenue from traditional seaside attractions augmented by conferences, public events and cultural sightseeing. The other main industries in Eastbourne include trade and retail, healthcare, education, construction, manufacturing, professional scientific and the technical sector.Eastbourne's population is growing; between 2001 and 2011 it increased from 89,800 to 99,412. The 2011 census shows that the average age of residents has decreased as the town has attracted students, families and those commuting to London and Brighton. As of July 2019, the population of Eastbourne stood at 107,000.", "Q85676": "Markus Ferber (born 15 January 1965) is a German politician who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 1994. He is a member of the Christian Social Union, part of the European People's Party. In addition to his parliamentary work, Ferber will serving as president of the Hanns Seidel Foundation (HSS) from 2020.", "Q3939205": "Roberto Tremelloni (30 October 1900 \u2013 8 September 1987) was an Italian economist, academic, businessman and a social democrat politician. He served in different cabinets of Italy.", "Q302983": "Aaron Scotus, Irish abbot and musician, fl. late 10th century \u2013 14 December 1052.", "Q61282": "Prince Alexander Philipp Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied (23 September 1782 \u2013 3 February 1867) was a German explorer, ethnologist and naturalist. He led a pioneering expedition to southeast Brazil between 1815\u20131817, from which the album Reise nach Brasilien, which first revealed to Europe real images of Brazilian Indians, was the ultimate result. It was translated into several languages and recognized as one of the greatest contributions to the knowledge of Brazil at the beginning of the nineteenth century. In 1832 he embarked on another expedition, this time to United States, together with the Swiss painter Karl Bodmer.\nPrince Maximilian collected many examples of ethnography, and many specimens of flora and fauna of the area, still preserved in museum collections, notably in the Lindenmuseum, Stuttgart. The genus Neuwiedia Blume (Orchidaceae) was named for him. Also, Prince Maximilian is honored in the scientific names of eight species of reptiles: Hydromedusa maximiliani, Micrablepharis maximiliani, Bothrops neuwiedi, Polemon neuwiedi, Pseudoboa neuwiedi, Sibynomorphus neuwiedi, Xenodon neuwiedii, and Ramphotyphlops wiedii.", "Q95465": "Tommy Jaud (born 16 July 1970, in Schweinfurt) is a German author, scriptwriter, and freelance author for many television productions.\n\n", "Q180086": "Galicia (; Ukrainian and Rusyn: \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430, Haly\u010dyna; Polish: Galicja; Czech and Slovak: Hali\u010d; German: Galizien; Hungarian: Gal\u00edcia/Kaliz/G\u00e1csorsz\u00e1g/Halics; Romanian: Gali\u021bia/Halici; Russian: \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f, Galitsiya; Yiddish: \u05d2\u05d0\u05b7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05e2\u200e Galitsiye) is a historical and geographic region between Central and Eastern Europe. It was once the small Kingdom of Galicia\u2013Volhynia and later a crown land of Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, which straddled the modern-day border between Poland and Ukraine. The area, named after the medieval city of Halych, was first mentioned in Hungarian historical chronicles in the year 1206 as Galici\u00e6. In 1253 Prince Daniel of Galicia was crowned the King of Rus (Latin: Rex Rusiae) or King of Ruthenia following the Mongol invasion in Ruthenia (Kievan Rus). In 1352 the Kingdom of Poland annexed the Kingdom of Galicia and Volhynia as the Ruthenian Voivodeship (Latin: Palatinatus Russiae).\nThe nucleus of historic Galicia lies within the modern regions of western Ukraine: the Lviv, Ternopil and Ivano-Frankivsk oblasts near Halych.\nIn the 18th century, territories that later became part of the modern Polish regions of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Subcarpathian Voivodeship and Silesian Voivodeship were added to Galicia. It covers much of such historic regions as Red Ruthenia (centered on Lviv) and Lesser Poland (centered in Krak\u00f3w). Galicia became contested ground between Poland and Ruthenia from medieval times, and in the 20th century between Poland and Ukraine. In the 10th century, several cities were founded in Galicia, such as Volodymyr and Jaroslaw, whose names mark their connections with Grand Princes of Kiev. There is considerable overlap between Galicia and Podolia (to the east) as well as between Galicia and south-west Ruthenia, especially in a cross-border region (centred on Carpathian Ruthenia) inhabited by various nationalities.\n\n", "Q1130554": "Reginald Grant Lucas (February 25, 1953 \u2013 May 19, 2018), known as Reggie Lucas, was an American musician, songwriter and record producer. Lucas is best known for having produced the majority of Madonna's 1983 self-titled debut album, his production work with percussionist Mtume, and for playing with the Miles Davis electric band of the first half of the 1970s.", "Q342419": "Tobias Edward Heslewood Jones (born 7 September 1966) is an English actor.\nAfter appearing in supporting roles in films between 1992 and 2005, Jones made his breakthrough as Truman Capote in the biopic Infamous (2006). Since then, his films have included The Mist (2007), W. (2008), Frost/Nixon (2008), Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011), Berberian Sound Studio (2012), The Hunger Games (2012), Tale of Tales (2015), Dad's Army (2016), and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018). He also provided the voice of Dobby in the Harry Potter films, Aristides Silk in The Adventures of Tintin (2011) and Owl in Disney's Christopher Robin (2018), and portrayed Arnim Zola in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Captain America: The First Avenger (2011) and Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014).\nJones's television credits include the 2012 Titanic miniseries, Agent Carter, Wayward Pines and Doctor Who. He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Miniseries or Television Film for his role as Alfred Hitchcock in The Girl (2012) and won a Best Male Comedy BAFTA for his role in Detectorists (2018). In 2017, he portrayed Culverton Smith in \"The Lying Detective\", an episode of the BBC crime drama Sherlock.", "Q3329808": "Benedict Wong (born 3 July 1971) is a British actor who has appeared on film, television, and stage. Wong is known for portraying Kublai Khan in Netflix's Marco Polo (2014\u20132016) and Bruce Ng in The Martian (2015).\nWong portrays Wong in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, making his first appearance in Doctor Strange (2016) and later in Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019).\n\n", "Q241662": "Groove metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music that began in the early 1990s. The genre achieved mainstream success in the 1990s and continued having some more success in the 2000s. Inspired by thrash metal and traditional heavy metal, groove metal features raspy singing and screaming, down-tuned guitars, heavy guitar riffs, and syncopated rhythms. Unlike thrash metal, groove metal is usually slower and also uses elements of traditional heavy metal. Pantera are often considered the pioneers of groove metal, and groove metal expanded in the 1990s with bands like White Zombie, Machine Head, Skinlab, and Sepultura. The genre continued in the 2000s with bands like Lamb of God, DevilDriver, Damageplan, Five Finger Death Punch and Hellyeah.", "Q708081": "Henry Sloan (January 1870 \u2013 possibly March 13, 1948) was an American musician, one of the earliest figures in the history of Delta Blues. Very little is known for certain about his life, other than he tutored Charlie Patton in the ways of the blues. There have been suggestions that he moved to Chicago shortly after World War I. He left no recordings.According to researcher David Evans, Sloan was born in Mississippi in 1870, and by 1900 was living in the same community as the Patton and Chatmon families near Bolton, Mississippi. He moved to the Dockery Plantation near Ruleville about the same time as the Pattons, between 1901 and 1904. Patton received some direct instruction from Sloan, and played with him for several years. Two of Patton\u2019s later accompanists, Tommy Johnson and Son House, both stated that Patton \"dogged every step\" of Sloan's.Further research based on Census records has suggested that, in 1920, Sloan and his family were living around West Memphis, Arkansas. He may have been the Henry Sloan whose death, aged 78, occurred in Crittenden County on March 13, 1948.", "Q49268": "Fort Wayne is a city in the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Allen County, United States. Located in northeastern Indiana, the city is 18 miles (29 km) west of the Ohio border and 50 miles (80 km) south of the Michigan border. With a population of 253,691 in the 2010 census, it is the second-most populous city in Indiana after Indianapolis, and the 75th-most populous city in the United States. It is the principal city of the Fort Wayne metropolitan area, consisting of Allen, Wells, and Whitley counties, a combined population of 419,453 as of 2011. Fort Wayne is the cultural and economic center of northeastern Indiana. The city is within a 300-mile (482.803 km) radius of major population centers, including Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Detroit, Indianapolis, Louisville, Lexington, and Milwaukee.\n In addition to the three core counties, the combined statistical area (CSA) includes Adams, DeKalb, Huntington, Noble, and Steuben counties, with an estimated population of 615,077.Fort Wayne was built in 1794 by the United States Army under the direction of American Revolutionary War general Anthony Wayne, the last in a series of forts built near the Miami village of Kekionga. Named in Wayne's honor, the European-American settlement developed at the confluence of the St. Joseph, St. Marys, and Maumee rivers as a trading post for pioneers. The village was platted in 1823 and underwent tremendous growth after completion of the Wabash and Erie Canal and advent of the railroad. Once a booming manufacturing town located in what became known as the Rust Belt, Fort Wayne's economy in the 21st century is based upon distribution, transportation and logistics, healthcare, professional and business services, leisure and hospitality, and financial services. The city is a center for the defense industry which employs thousands. There are also many jobs through local healthcare providers Parkview Health and Lutheran Health Network.\nFort Wayne was an All-America City Award recipient in 1982, 1998, and 2009. The city also received an Outstanding Achievement City Livability Award by the U.S. Conference of Mayors in 1999.", "Q102091": "Wolfgang Schnur (8 June 1944 \u2013 16 January 2016) was an East German civil rights lawyer. He was closely involved with the Association of Evangelical Churches (\"Bund der Evangelischen Kirchen\" / BEK) and worked on many of the cases in which the BEK's leading figures were involved. He also became well networked, on more than one level, with the country's political establishment.East Germany was a one-party dictatorship. During the 1970s and 1980s, the churches increasingly provided an outlet for alternative political views which, under a more decentralised system, would have been expressed through an effective multi-party parliamentary structure. Schnur was a founding member of the oppositional \"Demokratischer Aufbruch\" (loosely \"Democratic Awakening\" / DA) in October 1989. He was one of the \"new party\" leadership team's most attractive and dynamic members: over the next few months there was talk of Wolfgang Schnur becoming prime minister in a new genuinely democratic German Democratic Republic. In February 1990 he appointed Angela Merkel as a press spokeswoman, the start of a remarkable political career. Wolfgang Schnur's political career had peaked, however. On 8 March 1990 he rejected allegations that he had been a Stasi informer. On 14 March 1990, less than a week before East Germany's first (and only) free parliamentary election, it was reported that Schnur had resigned from the presidency of Democratic Awakening. He was expelled from the party the next day.", "Q173668": "Bill Mackey (December 15, 1927 \u2013 July 29, 1951) was an American racecar driver. His name at birth was William Gretsinger, Jr.\nMackey was killed while attempting to qualify for an AAA sprint car race at Funk's Speedway in Winchester, Indiana on July 29, 1951, a day which became known as \"Black Sunday\".", "Q1651497": "Milton Bradley (November 8, 1836 \u2013 May 30, 1911) was an American business magnate, game pioneer and publisher, credited by many with launching the board game industry, with the Milton Bradley Company, which was purchased by Hasbro in 1984.", "Q231385": "Victoria Louise Samantha Marie Elizabeth Therese Eggar (born 5 March 1939) is a British-American film, stage, television, and voice actress. After beginning her career in Shakespearean theatre, she rose to fame for her performance in William Wyler's thriller The Collector (1965), which earned her a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress.\nShe later appeared as Emma Fairfax in Doctor Dolittle (1967), and the American drama The Molly Maguires (1970). In the early 1970s, Eggar relocated to the United States and Canada, where she later starred in several horror films, including The Dead Are Alive (1972), The Uncanny (1977), and David Cronenberg's cult thriller The Brood (1979).\nEggar has also worked as a voice actress, as Hera in Walt Disney's Hercules (1997), and lent her voice to several video games, including Gabriel Knight 3: Blood of the Sacred, Blood of the Damned and 007: Nightfire. Her television work includes roles on Fantasy Island, and a recurring part as Charlotte Devane in the soap opera All My Children in 2000.", "Q155": "Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil; Portuguese pronunciation: [b\u027ea\u02c8ziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica Federativa do Brasil, listen ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers (3.2 million square miles) and with over 211 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous. Its capital is Bras\u00edlia, and its most populous city is S\u00e3o Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states, the Federal District, and the 5,570 municipalities. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world.Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers (4,655 mi). It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection.\nBrazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro \u00c1lvares Cabral, who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808, when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. In 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature, now called the National Congress. The country became a presidential republic in 1889 following a military coup d'\u00e9tat. An authoritarian military junta came to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985, after which civilian governance resumed. Brazil's current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic. Due to its rich culture and history, the country ranks thirteenth in the world by number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.Brazil is considered an advanced emerging economy. It has the ninth largest GDP in the world by nominal, and eight by PPP measures. It is one of the world's major breadbaskets, being the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years. It is classified as an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country, with the largest share of global wealth in Latin America. Brazil is a regional power and sometimes considered a great or a middle power in international affairs. On account of its international recognition and influence, the country is subsequently classified as an emerging power and a potential superpower by several analysts. Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Union of South American Nations, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.", "Q1358888": "Keegan Phillip Allen (born July 22, 1989) is an American actor, photographer, author and musician. Allen is known for his main role as Toby Cavanaugh on the Freeform series Pretty Little Liars.\n\n", "Q18999": "Quintus Junius Rusticus (lived c. 100 \u2013 c. 170 AD), was a Roman teacher and politician. He was probably a grandson of Arulenus Rusticus, a prominent member of the Stoic Opposition. He was a Stoic philosopher and was one of the teachers of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, whom Aurelius treated with the utmost respect and honor.\nRusticus held the political positions of Suffect consul in 133 and Consul ordinarius in 162. He served as urban prefect of Rome between 162 and 168. In this role he is notable for presiding over the trial of the Christian theologian Justin Martyr, which ended with Justin's conviction and execution.\nAccording to Themistius, a 4th-century Roman philosopher and orator, Hadrian, Antoninus, and Marcus Aurelius \"pulled Arrian and Rusticus away from their books, refusing to let them be mere pen-and-ink philosophers\" and escorted them from the study of Stoic philosophy \"to the general\u2019s tent as well as to the speaker\u2019s platform.\" Themistius lumps Arrian and Rusticus together in recounting their military achievements:\n\nIn their role as Roman generals, these men passed through the Caspian Gates, drove the Alani out of Armenia, and established boundaries for the Iberians and the Albani. For all these accomplishments, they reaped the fruits of the eponymous consulship, governed the great city [of Rome], and presided over the ancient senate.", "Q20012759": "The Republicans (French: Les R\u00e9publicains; LR) is a centre-right, Gaullist, conservative political party in France.\nThe party was formed on 30 May 2015 by renaming the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) party, which had been founded in 2002 under the leadership of former President of France Jacques Chirac. The party used to be one of the two major political parties in the French Fifth Republic along with the centre-left Socialist Party (PS), and, following the 2017 legislative election, it remains the second largest party in the National Assembly (behind President Macron's REM). LR is a member of the European People's Party, the Centrist Democrat International, and the International Democrat Union.", "Q1200349": "Derrick William Plourde (October 17, 1971 \u2013 March 30, 2005) was an American drummer, musician and artist. Born in Goleta, California, he was active from 1989 until his death in 2005. Although best known as a former member of Lagwagon, Derrick also played in several different bands like Bad Astronaut, Jaws, The Ataris, Mad Caddies and Rich Kids on LSD, among others. Besides drums, he also played guitar and was described as a multi-instrumentalist. Aside from music, he was also known as being a skilled painter and a gifted carpenter, appreciated for his off-beat sense of humor. After a long battle with drug addiction, Derrick committed suicide on March 30, 2005.", "Q441439": "Henriette Goverdine Anna \"Jet\" Roland Holst-van der Schalk (1869\u20131952) was a Dutch poet and council communist. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.The poet Adriaan Roland Holst (1888\u20131976), nicknamed \"the Dutch Prince of Poets\", was the nephew of her husband.\n\n", "Q15265": "Pilatus, also often referred to as Mount Pilatus, is a mountain massif overlooking Lucerne in Central Switzerland. It is composed of several peaks, of which the highest (2,128 m (6,982 ft)) is named Tomlishorn.", "Q3771894": "Glassnote Records (also known as Glassnote Entertainment Group LLC) is a record label that was launched by American music executive Daniel Glass in 2007. The label primarily has a lineup of indie rock and alternative rock artists, most notably Mumford & Sons and Phoenix. The label has also released music from popular artists in other genres, such as Chvrches, Childish Gambino and Secondhand Serenade. The label made a distribution deal with AWAL in November of 2018.", "Q111953": "Julia Leischik (born 14 October 1970) is a German television presenter, television producer and editor-in-chief.", "Q88434": "Karl Emil August Rasche (23 August 1892 in Iserlohn \u2013 13 September 1951 in Basel) was an SS-Obersturmbannf\u00fchrer and a Ph.D. in law as well as a Board member and banker, later spokesman, of the Dresdner Bank during the Third Reich. On 11 April 1949 he was sentenced in a Ministries Trial to seven years in prison for his activities under the Nazis.", "Q504617": "Andrew Josef Feinstein (born 16 March 1964) is a former South African politician who currently resides in the United Kingdom.\n\n", "Q86419": "Ignaz Kuranda (1 May 1812 in Prague \u2013 3 April 1884 in Vienna) was an Austrian deputy and political writer of Bohemian origin.", "Q65782": "Count Kuno Friedrich Viktor von Westarp (12 August 1864 \u2013 30 July 1945) was a German Conservative politician.", "Q213642": "Rudolf Arnheim (July 15, 1904 \u2013 June 9, 2007) was a German-born author, art and film theorist, and perceptual psychologist. He learned Gestalt psychology from studying under Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang K\u00f6hler at the University of Berlin and applied it to art. His magnum opus was his book Art and Visual Perception: A Psychology of the Creative Eye (1954). Other major books by Arnheim have included Visual Thinking (1969), and The Power of the Center: A Study of Composition in the Visual Arts (1982). Art and Visual Perception was revised, enlarged and published as a new version in 1974, and it has been translated into fourteen languages. He lived in Germany, Italy, England, and America where he taught at Sarah Lawrence College, Harvard University, and the University of Michigan. He has greatly influenced art history and psychology in America.In Art and Visual Perception, Arnheim tries to use science to better understand art. In his later book Visual Thinking (1969), Arnheim critiques the assumption that language goes before perception. For Arnheim, the only access to reality we have is through our senses. Arnheim also argues that perception is strongly identified with thinking, and that artistic expression is another way of reasoning. In The Power of the Center, Arnheim addresses the interaction of art and architecture on concentric and grid spatial patterns. He argues that form and content are indivisible, and that the patterns created by artists reveal the nature of human experience.", "Q378949": "Steven Lee Smith (born December 30, 1958), is an American technology executive and former NASA astronaut, being a veteran of four space flights covering 16 million miles and seven space walks totaling 49 hours and 25 minutes. Smith\u2019s spacewalk time places him in the top ten on the all-time American and World spacewalk duration lists.", "Q1079140": "Indiana University Bloomington (IU Bloomington, IU, or simply Indiana) is a public research university in Bloomington, Indiana. It is the flagship institution of the Indiana University system and, with over 40,000 students, its largest university.Indiana University is a \"Public Ivy\" university and consistently ranks in the top 100 national universities in the U.S. and among the top 50 public universities. It is a member of the Association of American Universities and has numerous schools and programs, including the Jacobs School of Music, the Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, the O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, the Kelley School of Business, the School of Public Health, the School of Nursing, the School of Optometry, the Maurer School of Law, the School of Education, the Media School, and the Hamilton Lugar School of Global and International Studies.As of Fall 2017, 43,710 students attend Indiana University. While 55.1% of the student body was from Indiana, students from all 50 states, Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico and 165 countries were also enrolled. As of 2018, the average ACT score is a 28 and an SAT score of 1276. The university is home to an extensive student life program, with more than 750 student organizations on campus and with around 17 percent of undergraduates joining the Greek system. Indiana athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Indiana Hoosiers. The university is a member of the Big Ten Conference; since it does not have a mascot, all teams are known simply as \"Hoosiers\".\nIndiana's faculty, staff, and alumni include nine Nobel laureates, 17 Rhodes Scholars, 17 Marshall Scholars, and five MacArthur Fellows. In addition, students and alumni have won six Academy Awards, 49 Grammy Awards, 32 Emmy Awards, 20 Pulitzer Prizes, four Tony Awards, and 104 Olympic medals (55 gold, 17 silver, and 32 bronze).Notable Indiana alumni include James Watson, one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA; Jimmy Wales, the co-founder of Wikipedia; Robert Gates, the 22nd United States Secretary of Defense; CEO and co-founder of Siri and Viv Dag Kittlaus; award-winning author Suzanne Collins, who wrote The Hunger Games series; composer and songwriter Hoagy Carmichael; John Chambers, executive chairman and former CEO of Cisco Systems; and billionaire investor Mark Cuban.", "Q1445": "Tamil Nadu (Tamil: [\u02c8t\u032aami\u027b \u02c8n\u032aa\u02d0\u027d\u026f] (listen)), is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian subcontinent and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north, by the Nilgiri Mountains, the Meghamalai Hills, and Kerala on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait on the southeast, and by the Indian Ocean on the south. The state shares a maritime border with the nation of Sri Lanka.\nThe region was ruled by several empires, including the three great empires \u2013 Chera, Chola and Pandyan empires, which shape the region's cuisine, culture, and architecture. The British Colonial rule during the modern period led to the emergence of Chennai, then known as Madras, as a world-class city. Modern-day Tamil Nadu was formed in 1956 after the reorganisation of states on linguistic lines. The state is home to a number of historic buildings, multi-religious pilgrimage sites, hill stations and three World Heritage sites.Tamil Nadu is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population. The economy of Tamil Nadu is the second-largest state economy in India with \u20b916.64 lakh crore (US$230 billion) in gross domestic product with a per capita GDP of \u20b9194,000 (US$2,700). Tamil Nadu has the 11th highest ranking among Indian states in human development index. It was ranked as one of the top seven developed states in India based on a \"Multidimensional Development Index\" in a 2013 report published by the Reserve Bank of India. Its official language is Tamil, which is one of the longest-surviving classical languages in the world.\n\n", "Q1757794": "Pablo Mart\u00ednez (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8pa\u03b2lo ma\u027e\u02c8tines]; La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina; 7 November 1987) is an Argentine actor, singer and model. He is known for his starring roles in the television series Casi \u00c1ngeles, Supertorpe and Aliados. From 2016 to 2017, he starred in the telenovela, El Regreso de Lucas, playing Lucas D\u00edaz Ayala/Pablo.", "Q203451": "Ant\u00f4nio Augusto Ribeiro Reis J\u00fanior (born 30 January 1975), commonly known as Juninho or Juninho Pernambucano, is a Brazilian former footballer, who is currently sporting director of Olympique Lyonnais. Noted for his bending free kicks, he is widely considered to be the greatest free kick-taker of all time and holds the record for the highest number of goals scored through free kicks with 75.\nJuninho began his professional career in 1993 with Brazilian club Sport do Recife. Two years later he joined Vasco da Gama where he played over 100 matches and won six titles. In 2001, he joined Ligue 1 side Olympique Lyonnais where he played for the next eight years, winning seven consecutive league titles and scoring 100 goals in 350 official appearances for the club. Following his departure from Lyon in 2009, Juninho played in Qatar with Al-Gharafa and in the United States with New York Red Bulls. The latter stint was wedged between two spells back at Vasco, where he ultimately retired in 2013.\nHaving made his international debut in 1999, Juninho played 40 games for the Brazilian national team and scored six goals. He represented Brazil at the 2001 Copa Am\u00e9rica and was part of the squad which won the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup before retiring from international football after the 2006 World Cup.\nFrom 2013 to 2018, Juninho was a football commentator for Brazilian sports network Rede Globo.", "Q438844": "Gregory Hammond Olsen (born April 20, 1945) is an American entrepreneur, engineer and scientist who, in October 2005, became the third private citizen to make a self-funded trip to the International Space Station with the company Space Adventures.\nOlsen was the co-founder and chairman of Sensors Unlimited Inc., a company developing optoelectronic devices such as sensitive near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave-infrared (SWIR) cameras. One of Sensors Unlimited's major customers is NASA. Currently, Olsen is President of GHO Ventures, LLC, in Princeton, New Jersey, where he manages his angel investments, South African winery, Montana ranch, and performs numerous speaking engagements to encourage children \u2013 especially minority and female children \u2013 to consider careers in science or engineering. He also is a physics professor at Rider University.", "Q55641": "The Spice Girls are an English pop girl group formed in 1994. The group comprises Melanie Brown, also known as Mel B (\"Scary Spice\"), Melanie Chisholm, also known as Mel C (\"Sporty Spice\"), Emma Bunton (\"Baby Spice\"), Geri Halliwell (\"Ginger Spice\"), and Victoria Beckham (\"Posh Spice\"). They were signed to Virgin Records and released their debut single \"Wannabe\" in 1996; it hit number one in 37 countries and commenced their global success. Their debut album Spice sold more than 31 million copies worldwide, becoming the best-selling album by a female group in history. Their follow-up album, Spiceworld sold over 20 million copies worldwide. The Spice Girls have sold 85 million records worldwide, making them the best-selling girl group of all time, one of the best-selling pop groups of all time, and the biggest British pop success since The Beatles. Among the highest profile acts in 1990s popular culture, Time called them \"arguably the most recognizable face\" of Cool Britannia, the mid-1990s celebration of youth culture in the UK.Measures of their success include international record sales, a 2007\u20132008 reunion tour, a 2019 reunion tour, vast merchandising enterprises, iconic symbolism such as Halliwell's Union Jack dress representing \"girl power\", and a film, Spice World. The group became one of the most successful marketing engines ever, earning up to $75 million per year, with their global gross income estimated at $500\u2013800 million by May 1998. Under the guidance of their mentor and manager Simon Fuller, the Spice Girls embraced merchandising and became a regular feature of the British and global press. In 1996, Top of the Pops magazine gave each member of the group aliases, which were adopted by the group and media. According to Rolling Stone journalist and biographer David Sinclair, \"Scary, Baby, Ginger, Posh, and Sporty were the most widely recognised group of individuals since John, Paul, George, and Ringo\". With the \"girl power\" label, the Spice Girls were popular cultural icons of the 1990s. They are cited as part of the 'second wave' 1990s British Invasion of the US.\n\n", "Q787983": "Gyula Babos (June 26, 1949 in Budapest - April 12, 2018 ibid) was a Hungarian jazz guitarist.", "Q253931": "Daniel Frederick Lett (born April 16, 1959 in Toronto, Ontario) is a 3 time Gemini Award-winning Canadian actor. He attended White Oaks Secondary School in nearby Oakville, Ontario. He has acted in films, theatre and television. His principal roles have been in the series F/X, The X-Files, E.N.G., Street Legal, Wind at My Back, and Made in Canada.", "Q108755": "Harald Neubauer (born 3 December 1951 in Hamburg) is a German politician and journalist from the far right scene. He was a Member of the European Parliament from 1989 to 1994.\nNeubauer was trained as an overseas buyer and undertook military service in the Bundeswehr. He was a member of the National Democratic Party of Germany from 1969 to 1972 and again from 1975 to 1981 but became associated with Gerhard Frey and the German People's Union, editing Frey's newspaper Deutschen Anzeigers (1975\u20131983).In 1983 he joined Die Republikaner and became press advisor of party founder Franz Sch\u00f6nhuber the following year. He backed Sch\u00f6nhuber in his subsequent power struggle with Franz Handlos and as such when Sch\u00f6nhuber became Chairman in 1985 he appointed Neubauer as secretary. He soon added the roles of regional chairman in Bavaria, federal vice-chairman and Member of the European Parliament to his accolades and was widely seen as the eventual successor to Sch\u00f6nhuber. The two became estranged however as Neubauer followed a more extremist path and for a while in 1990 he even forced the temporary resignation of his former mentor. Ultimately however the leader triumphed in the struggle, forcing Neubauer out of the party and replacing him as vice-chairman with Rolf Schlierer.Neubauer and many of his followers were purged from the Die Republikaner and in January 1991 they regrouped under the title Deutsche Allianz-Vereinigte Rechte, which was renamed German League for People and Homeland later that year. The new group had the declared aim of uniting the many factions on the far-right under a single banner and initially had some success, attracting two other Republikaner MEPs and the support of the influential Nation Europa journal. He was part of a three-man leadership team with Rudolf Kendzia and J\u00fcrgen Sch\u00fctzinger. At the time a Member of the European Parliament, Neubauer managed to convince three of his colleagues in that institution, Johanna Grund, Peter K\u00f6hler and Hans-G\u00fcnther Schodruch, to join the new movement. Former NPD chiefs Martin Mussgnug and Franz Glasauer were also given leading roles yet the new group made little impression in the state elections of 1992.In 1992 he became co-editor of Nation und Europa and is a member of the board of the Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freie Publizistik, a far right writers and publishers organisation.\nWith the German League for People and Homeland defunct Neubauer ran on the NPD list in the 2005 German federal election in Saxony.", "Q273439": "Hilary Lavender Mason (4 September 1917 \u2013 5 September 2006) was an English character actress who appeared in a wide variety of roles, mainly on UK television.Mason was born in Birmingham and trained at the London School of Dramatic Art, before performing with repertory theatres throughout Britain. She is probably best known internationally for her performance as the blind psychic in Nicolas Roeg's film Don't Look Now.Mason had the starring role in Mistress of Hardwick, a 10-part BBC series broadcast in 1972, which followed the life of Bess of Hardwick. Most of the episodes are now lost.She appeared in Gunfight at the O.K. Laundrette, the pilot episode of ITV's critically acclaimed drama Minder.\nShe also made regular appearances in Z-Cars and Dixon of Dock Green, and made an appearance in Ripping Yarns.\nIn the 1985 TV movie Marple: The Moving Finger, she appeared as Emily Barton, and in 1986 she appeared as Mrs Gummidge in the BBC series David Copperfield. Mason appeared in an episode of Juliet Bravo as Mrs Unwin in an episode called \"Friends and Neighbours\".In later years Mason appeared as Gladys in the popular children's TV show Maid Marian and her Merry Men. One of her last roles was in the children's programme Aquila.", "Q32355": "Carl Ludwig Koch (21 September 1778 \u2013 23 August 1857) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was responsible for classifying a great number of spiders, including the Brazilian whiteknee tarantula and common house spider. He was born in Kusel, Germany and died in Nuremberg, Germany.\nCarl Ludwig Koch was an inspector of water and forests. His principal work Die Arachniden (1831\u20131848) (16 volumes) was commenced by Carl Wilhelm Hahn (1786\u20131836). Koch was responsible for the last twelve volumes. He also finished the chapter on spiders in Faunae insectorum germanicae initia oder Deutschlands Insecten [Elements of the insect fauna of Germany] a work by Georg Wolfgang Franz Panzer (1755\u20131829).\nHe also co-authored, with Georg Karl Berendt, an important monograph Die im Bernstein befindlichen Myriapoden, Arachniden und Apteren der Vorwelt (1854) on arachnids, myriapods and wingless insects in amber based on material in Berendt's collection, now held in the Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, Berlin.\nHe is not to be confused with his son Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (1825\u20131908) who also became a well-known entomologist.", "Q12085": "Giovanni Luigi Bonelli (22 December 1908 in Milan \u2013 12 January 2001 in Alessandria) was an Italian comic book author and publisher, best remembered as the co-creator of Tex Willer in 1948, together with artist Aurelio Galleppini.", "Q8688": "San Francisco International Airport (IATA: SFO, ICAO: KSFO, FAA LID: SFO) is an international airport near San Bruno and Millbrae in unincorporated San Mateo County. It is 13 miles (21 km) south of downtown San Francisco, California, It has flights to points throughout North America and is a major gateway to Europe and Asia.\nSFO is the largest airport in the Bay Area and the second busiest in California, after LAX. In 2017, it was the seventh-busiest airport in the United States and the 24th-busiest in the world by passenger count. It is the fifth-largest hub for United Airlines and functions as United's primary transpacific gateway. It also serves as a secondary hub for Alaska Airlines. It is a major maintenance hub for United Airlines, and houses the Louis A. Turpen Aviation Museum and Library.\nThe airport is owned and operated by the City and County of San Francisco, despite it being located in San Mateo County. Between 1999 and 2004, the San Francisco Airport Commission operated city-owned SFO Enterprises, Inc., to oversee its business purchases and operations of ventures.", "Q1634794": "Rhymesayers Entertainment (sometimes abbreviated RSE) is an American independent hip hop record label based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was co-founded in 1995 by Sean Daley (Slug), Anthony Davis (Ant), Musab Saad (Sab the Artist) and Brent Sayers (Siddiq). Beginning in 2008, Rhymesayers Entertainment sponsors the annual Soundset Music Festival, a popular attraction that takes place over Memorial Day weekend in Minneapolis.", "Q64113": "Aarberg is a historic town and a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nAarberg lies 20 kilometers from Bern above the river Aare. With an area of 7.93 km2 (3.06 sq mi), Aarberg borders Bargen, Kappelen, Lyss, Radelfingen and Seedorf.\nAarberg is not to be confused with Aarburg in Aargau or with Aarbergen in Germany.\nThe town was once located on an island with the Aare and Little Aare (Kleine Aare) flowing around it. The old town grew up around the edge of the island with a large open plaza in the middle. In addition to the old town, Aarberg also includes the new outer quarter, and the villages of Spins, M\u00fchletal and Grafenmoos.\nThe official language of Aarberg is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q1188422": "IS: Otoko Demo Onna Demo Nai Sei (IS \u7537\u3067\u3082\u5973\u3067\u3082\u306a\u3044\u6027), is a completed drama manga series by Chiyo Rokuhana, first published in Japan in 2003. The IS of the title stands for intersex and the story follows the pain and troubles such people go through in their lives, such as gaining acceptance for who they are and their inability to reproduce.", "Q533534": "Cisleithania (German: Cisleithanien, also Zisleithanien, Slovene: Cislajtanija, Hungarian: Ciszlajt\u00e1nia, Czech: P\u0159edlitavsko, Slovak: Predlitavsko, Polish: Przedlitawia, Croatian: Cislajtanija, Serbian: \u0426\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0458\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0430, Romanian: Cisleithania, Ukrainian: \u0426\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456\u044f, transliterated: Tsysleit\u00e0niia, Italian: Cisleitania) was a common yet unofficial denotation of the northern and western part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual Monarchy created in the Compromise of 1867\u2014as distinguished from Transleithania (i.e., the Hungarian Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen east of [\"beyond\"] the Leitha River).\nThe Cisleithanian capital was Vienna, the residence of the Austrian emperor. The territory had a population of 28,571,900 in 1910. It reached from Vorarlberg in the west to the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria and the Duchy of Bukovina (today part of Ukraine and Romania) in the east, as well as from the Kingdom of Bohemia in the north to the Kingdom of Dalmatia (today part of Croatia) in the south. It comprised the current States of Austria (except for Burgenland), as well as most of the territories of the Czech Republic and Slovenia (except for Prekmurje), southern Poland and parts of Italy (Trieste, Gorizia and Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol), Croatia (Istria, Dalmatia), Montenegro (Kotor Bay) and Ukraine (Bukovina).", "Q129943": "Zofia Jaroszewska (25 September 1902 \u2013 25 September 1985) was a Polish film actress.", "Q70166": "Edzard Ernst (born 30 January 1948) is a retired academic physician and researcher specializing in the study of complementary and alternative medicine. He was formerly Professor of Complementary Medicine at the University of Exeter, the first such academic position in the world.\nErnst served as chairman of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) at the University of Vienna, but left this position in 1993 to set up the department of Complementary Medicine at the University of Exeter in England. He became director of complementary medicine of the Peninsula Medical School (PMS) in 2002. Ernst was the first occupant of the Laing chair in Complementary Medicine, retiring in 2011. He was born and trained in Germany, where he began his medical career at a homeopathic hospital in Munich, and since 1999 has been a British citizen.\nErnst is the founder of two medical journals: Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies (of which he was editor-in-chief until it was discontinued in 2016) and Perfusion. Ernst's writing appeared in a regular column in The Guardian, where he reviewed news stories about complementary medicine from an evidence-based medicine perspective. Since his research began on alternative modalities, Ernst has been seen as \"the scourge of alternative medicine\" for publishing critical research that exposes methods that lack documentation of efficacy. In 2015 he was awarded the John Maddox Prize, sponsored jointly by Sense About Science and Nature, for courage in standing up for science. Harriet Hall calls Ernst the \"world's foremost expert ... on CAM\".\n\n", "Q3376883": "Peter D. Simons, (born May 29, 1964) is a Canadian businessman. He currently serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of La Maison Simons.", "Q443979": "Edward Samoilovich Kuznetsov (Russian: \u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0434 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043e\u0301\u0432, Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d3\u05d5\u05d0\u05e8\u05d3 \u05e7\u05d5\u05d6\u05e0\u05e6\u05d5\u05d1\u200e; born in Moscow, 1939) is a Soviet-born dissident, human rights activist, Prisoner of Zion and writer who settled in Israel in 1979.", "Q465000": "Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal (25 July 1829 \u2013 11 February 1862), styled and commonly known as \"Lizzie\", was an English artist, poet, and artists' model. Siddall was an important and influential artist and poet. Significant collections of her artworks can be found at Wightwick Manor and the Ashmolean. Siddall was painted and drawn extensively by artists of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, including Walter Deverell, William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais (including his notable 1852 painting Ophelia), and her husband, Dante Gabriel Rossetti.", "Q95854": "Lothar M\u00fcthel (n\u00e9 Lothar Max L\u00fctcke; 18 February 1896 \u2013 4 September 1964) was a German stage and film actor and director.", "Q209395": "2-Headed Shark Attack is an American low-budget survival horror film with an ensemble cast by The Asylum, released on January 31, 2012 in the United States. Directed by Christopher Ray, the film stars Carmen Electra, Charlie O'Connell, Brooke Hogan, Christina Bach, David Gallegos and Corinne Nobili. The film premiered on September 8, 2012 on Syfy.", "Q345821": "Ad van Kempen (born 12 July 1944) is a Dutch actor. He performed in more than forty films since 1974.", "Q122816": "Yves Velan, (29 August 1925 in Saint-Quentin, Aisne \u2013 6 May 2017) was a Swiss writer from Bassins.", "Q433246": "Dana Berger (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d2\u05e8\u200e; born 2 November 1970) is an Israeli singer-songwriter and occasional actress. She is also a graduate of the Rimon School of Jazz and Contemporary Music. Berger came to fame in the 1990s, appearing on the popular TV show \"Inyan Shel Zman\". After becoming well known, she released a number of albums, which among them is the widely popular album \"Ad Ha'Katze\" (To the Edge), which was certified platinum and went on to sell over 60,000 copies in Israel.", "Q155446": "The Institut sup\u00e9rieur de l'a\u00e9ronautique et de l'espace (ISAE-SUPAERO, English: National Higher French Institute of Aeronautics and Space), is one of the prestigious French universities (grandes \u00e9coles) in engineering founded in 1909. It was the world's first dedicated aerospace engineering school and is considered to be one of the best in Europe in that field. The school delivers a range of science and engineering degree programs. ISAE-SUPAERO is part of University of Toulouse, ISSAT, PEGASUS, GEA, Toulouse Tech, CESAER and Aerospace Valley.\nHistorically ISAE-SUPAERO results from the merger between SUPAERO and ENSICA in the summer of 2007. The aim of this move was to increase the international visibility of SUPAERO and the ENSICA (both of which depend from the French Ministry of Defense), by sharing their faculty and experimental means.\nSince its founding in 1909 ISAE-SUPAERO has produced more than 21,500 graduates; some of them have achieved fame in their field, including: Henri Coand\u0103, the discoverer of the Coanda effect; Henri Ziegler, father of the Airbus program; Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric d'Allest, first chairman of Arianespace; and Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Clervoy (class of 1983), astronaut.", "Q3905": "Gladbeck (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261lat.b\u025bk]) is a town in the district of Recklinghausen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.\nGladbeck is quite a young town, first recognised 21 July 1919 when it was given town rights. The town established itself around five farming villages, Brauck, Butendorf, Ellinghorst, Rentfort and Zweckel.", "Q47912": "Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. This growth can spread beyond the lung by the process of metastasis into nearby tissue or other parts of the body. Most cancers that start in the lung, known as primary lung cancers, are carcinomas. The two main types are small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The most common symptoms are coughing (including coughing up blood), weight loss, shortness of breath, and chest pains.The vast majority (85%) of cases of lung cancer are due to long-term tobacco smoking. About 10\u201315% of cases occur in people who have never smoked. These cases are often caused by a combination of genetic factors and exposure to radon gas, asbestos, second-hand smoke, or other forms of air pollution. Lung cancer may be seen on chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans. The diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy which is usually performed by bronchoscopy or CT-guidance.Avoidance of risk factors, including smoking and air pollution, is the primary method of prevention. Treatment and long-term outcomes depend on the type of cancer, the stage (degree of spread), and the person's overall health. Most cases are not curable. Common treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. NSCLC is sometimes treated with surgery, whereas SCLC usually responds better to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Worldwide in 2012, lung cancer occurred in 1.8 million people and resulted in 1.6 million deaths. This makes it the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and second most common in women after breast cancer. The most common age at diagnosis is 70 years. In the United States, five-year survival rate is 19.4%, while in Japan it is 41.4%. Outcomes on average are worse in the developing world.", "Q76517": "Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (; German: [\u02c8ba\u028am\u02ccga\u0250\u032ftn\u0329]; 17 July 1714 \u2013 27 May 1762) was a German philosopher. He was a brother to theologian Siegmund Jakob Baumgarten (1706\u20131757).", "Q568256": "Jablanica (Albanian: Jabllanica or Jabllanic\u00eb pronounced [\u02c8ja\u02d0b\u026ba'nica or \u02c8ja\u02d0b\u026ba'nic\u0259]; Macedonian: \u0408\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 pronounced [\u02c8ja:b\u026banica]) is a mountain range in Southern and Southeastern Europe, stretching north-south direction across the border of Albania and North Macedonia.The long mountain ridge is higher than 2,000 m (6,562 ft) for approximately 50 km (31 mi), while the highest part, located in its very center, is Black Stone at 2,257 m (7,405 ft) high. Both countries have 50% of the mountain, Albania the west and North Macedonia the east. Jablanica Mountain contains many large mountain lakes. Shebenik mountain is located just to the west of Jablanica and give name to the Shebenik-Jabllanice National Park. The closest towns to Jablanica are Librazhd in Albania and Struga in North Macedonia.\nThe mountain range is one of the few places in the Balkans that hold the Balkan lynx (Lynx lynx martinoi), a subspecies of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). The total number of this vulnerable species is estimated at below 100 individuals.", "Q860283": "Bilal Sayeed Oliver (born August 23, 1979), better known mononymously as Bilal, is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He is currently an independent artist residing in New York City.Bilal is noted for his wide vocal range, his work across multiple genres, and his live performances. He has been well received, both nationally and internationally, with an extensive list of collaborations including Kendrick Lamar, Common, Erykah Badu, Jay-Z, Beyonc\u00e9, Guru, Kimbra, J Dilla, Robert Glasper, The Roots, and many more.", "Q230514": "Kathleen Emperatriz DeLuna (born November 26, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter and dancer. DeLuna began pursuing a career as a singer when she was a teenager. After signing with Epic Records, she released her debut single \"Whine Up\" in 2007. The single went on to become a commercial success, entering the Top 40 in numerous countries and topping the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. Her debut studio album, 9 Lives (2007), failed to see the success of its lead single. The album's third single, \"Run the Show\", became a hit in various territories, and reached number two on the Hot Dance Club Play chart.\nFollowing the commercial performance of her first album, DeLuna was dropped from Epic Records. DeLuna continued to record both collaborations and soundtrack singles. DeLuna later began working on her second studio album, Inside Out (2010), which received a limited release through Universal Music Belgium. The album spawned a number of singles, notably \"Unstoppable\", \"Push Push\", and \"Dancing Tonight\" featuring Lil Wayne, Akon, and Fo Onassis respectively. Viva, the North American edition of the album, was slated to be released later that year; however, this never materialized. DeLuna released the compilation album \"Loading\" in 2016. Wanna See U Dance was released as the first single back in 2012. DeLuna is currently working on her third studio album.\nIn 2007, DeLuna won \"Best New Artist\" at the Los Premios MTV Latinoam\u00e9rica 2007 awards. In 2008, she won \"Best New Artist\" and \"Best Urban Artist\" at the TMF Awards. DeLuna's single, \"Whine Up\", won the award for \"Latin Dance Club Play Track Of The Year\" at the 2008 Latin Billboard Music Awards. She also won a Casandra Award in 2008 for \"Best International Artist\".", "Q1062789": "Congregational churches (also Congregationalist churches; Congregationalism) are Protestant churches in the Reformed tradition practicing congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs.\nCongregationalism, as defined by the Pew Research Center, is estimated to represent 0.5 percent of the worldwide Protestant population; though their polity-related customs and other ideas influenced significant parts of Protestantism, as well as other Christian congregations. The report defines it very narrowly, encompassing mainly denominations in the United States and the United Kingdom, which can trace their history back to nonconforming Protestants, Puritans, Separatists, Independents, English religious groups coming out of the English Civil War, and other English dissenters not satisfied with the degree to which the Church of England had been reformed.\nCongregationalist tradition has a presence in the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and various island nations in the Pacific region. It has been introduced either by immigrant dissenter Protestants or by missionary organization such as the London Missionary Society. A number of evangelical Congregational churches are members of the World Evangelical Congregational Fellowship.\nIn the United Kingdom, many Congregational churches claim their descent from Protestant denominations formed on a theory of union published by the theologian and English separatist Robert Browne in 1582. Other accounts trace these origins further back to the London Underground Church of the 1560s. Ideas of nonconforming Protestants during the Puritan Reformation of the Church of England laid foundation for these churches. In England, the early Congregationalists were called Separatists or Independents to distinguish them from the similarly Calvinistic Presbyterians, whose churches embrace a polity based on the governance of elders. Congregationalists also differed with the Reformed churches using episcopalian church governance, which is usually led by a bishop.\nCongregationalism in the United States traces its origins to the Puritans of New England, who wrote the Cambridge Platform of 1648 to describe the autonomy of the church and its association with others. Within the United States, the model of Congregational churches was carried by migrating settlers from New England into New York, then into the Old North West, and further. With their insistence on independent local bodies, they became important in many social reform movements, including abolitionism, temperance, and women's suffrage. Modern Congregationalism in the United States is largely split into three bodies: the United Church of Christ, the National Association of Congregational Christian Churches and the Conservative Congregational Christian Conference, which is the most theologically conservative.\n\n", "Q1109882": "Collis Potter Huntington (October 22, 1821 \u2013 August 13, 1900) was one of the Big Four of western railroading (along with Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker) who invested in Theodore Judah's idea to build the Central Pacific Railroad as part of the first U.S. transcontinental railroad. Huntington then helped lead and develop other major interstate lines such as the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway (C&O), which he was recruited to help complete. The C&O, completed in 1873, fulfilled a long-held dream of Virginians of a rail link from the James River at Richmond to the Ohio River Valley. The new railroad facilities adjacent to the river there resulted in expansion of the former small town of Guyandotte, West Virginia into part of a new city which was named Huntington in his honor.\nNext, turning attention to the eastern end of the line at Richmond, he was responsible for the C&O's Peninsula Extension in 1881\u201382 which opened a pathway for West Virginia bituminous coal to reach new coal piers on the harbor of Hampton Roads for export shipping. He also is credited with the development of Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, as well as the incorporation of Newport News, Virginia as a new independent city. After his death, both his nephew Henry E. Huntington and his stepson Archer M. Huntington continued his work at Newport News, and all three are considered founding fathers in the community, with local features named in honor of each.\nMuch of the railroad and industrial development Collis P. Huntington envisioned and led are still important activities in the early 21st century. The Southern Pacific is now part of the Union Pacific Railroad, and the C&O became part of CSX Transportation, each major U.S. railroad systems. West Virginia coal still rides the rails to be loaded aboard colliers at Hampton Roads, where nearby, Huntington Ingalls Industries operates the massive shipyard.\nHuntington, from his base in Washington, was a lobbyist for the Central Pacific and the Southern Pacific in the 1870s and 1880s. The Big Four had built a powerful political machine, that he had a large role in running. He was generous in providing bribes to politicians and congressmen. Revelation of his misdeeds in 1883 made him one of the most hated railroad men in the country.\nHuntington defended himself: \n\nThe motives back of my actions have been honest ones and results have redounded far more to the benefit of California than they have to my own.\nIn 1968, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.", "Q435151": "Silvio Pellico (Italian: [\u02c8silvjo \u02c8p\u025blliko]; 24 June 1789 \u2013 31 January 1854) was an Italian writer, poet, dramatist and patriot active in the Italian unification.", "Q173481": "Fernando Ant\u00f3nio Nogueira Pessoa (Portuguese: [f\u0268\u027e\u02c8n\u0250\u0303du p\u0268\u02c8so\u0250]; 13 June 1888 \u2013 30 November 1935) was a Portuguese poet, writer, literary critic, translator, publisher and philosopher, described as one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest poets in the Portuguese language. He also wrote in and translated from English and French.\nPessoa was a prolific writer, and not only under his own name, for he created approximately seventy-five others. He did not call them all pseudonyms because he felt that some did not capture their true independent intellectual life and instead called them heteronyms. These imaginary figures sometimes held unpopular or extreme views.", "Q861823": "Electroclash (also known as synthcore, retro-electro, tech-pop, nouveau disco, and the new new wave) is a genre of music that fuses 1980s electro, new wave and synth-pop with 1990s techno, retro-style electropop and electronic dance music. It emerged in the later 1990s and is often thought of as reaching its peak circa 2002/2003. It was pioneered by and associated with acts such as I-F, Miss Kittin and The Hacker and Fischerspooner.", "Q49081": "Christopher Eric Hitchens (13 April 1949 \u2013 15 December 2011) was an English-American author, columnist, essayist, orator, journalist, and social critic. Hitchens was the author, co-author, editor, or co-editor of over 30 books, including five collections of essays on culture, politics, and literature. A staple of public discourse, his confrontational style of debate made him both a lauded public intellectual and a controversial public figure. He contributed to New Statesman, The Nation, The Weekly Standard, The Atlantic, London Review of Books, The Times Literary Supplement, Slate, Free Inquiry, and Vanity Fair.\nAs an anti-theist, he regarded all religions as false, harmful, and authoritarian. He argued in favour of free expression and scientific discovery, and that it was superior to religion as an ethical code of conduct for human civilization. He also advocated for the separation of church and state. The dictum \"What can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence\" has become known as Hitchens's razor.", "Q66062": "Stallikon is a municipality in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q717348": "Kevin Matthew Gilbert (November 20, 1966 \u2013 May 18, 1996) was an American songwriter, musician, composer, producer and collaborator.", "Q198346": "Rosemary Radford Ruether (born 1936) is an American feminist scholar and Catholic theologian.Ruether is an advocate of women's ordination, a movement among Catholic religious persons who affirm women's capacity to serve as priests, despite official sanction. Since 1985 Ruether has served as a board member for the pro-choice group Catholics for Choice.", "Q3852881": "Mauro Moretti (born 29 October 1953) is an Italian executive and former CEO and General Manager of Leonardo S.p.A. (formerly Finmeccanica), from May 2014 to May 2017.\nHe is also president of the AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe since March 2015, chairman of the Italy-Japan Business Group since September 2015, honorary chairman of the Italian Industries Federation for Aerospace, Defence and Security since July 2014, and president of the Italian FS Italian Foundation since 2013.\nHe has been CEO of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane and chairman of the Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies. He was Mompeo mayor in 2004 and he worked as syndicalist.", "Q1805178": "Shawn Patrick Stockman (born September 26, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter and record producer, best known as a member of the vocal group Boyz II Men. He was a judge on the television show The Sing-Off.", "Q236603": "Lee Young-ae (born January 31, 1971) is a South Korean actress. She is known for her appearances in the Korean historical drama Dae Jang Geum (2003), and as a revenge seeking single mother in Park Chan-wook's crime thriller film Sympathy for Lady Vengeance (2005).", "Q433520": "Frank Theodore Levine (born May 29, 1957) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Buffalo Bill in the film The Silence of the Lambs (1991) and as Leland Stottlemeyer in the television series Monk (2002\u20132009). His other notable roles were in Wild Wild West (1999), American Gangster (2007) and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018).", "Q70600": "Pomy is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q381863": "Gamal Al Din Mohammed Hosni Ei Sayed Mubarak (Arabic: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u200e, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [\u0261\u00e6\u02c8m\u00e6\u02d0l ed\u02c8di\u02d0n m\u00e6\u02c8\u0127\u00e6mm\u00e6d \u02c8\u0127osni \u02c8s\u00e6jjed mo\u02c8b\u0251\u02d0\u027e\u0251k]; born 27 December 1963) is the younger of the two sons of former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and former First Lady Suzanne Mubarak. In contrast to his older brother Alaa, Gamal had pursued an active public profile and was starting to wield some influence on political life in the country before the revolution of early 2011.\nPrior to the revolution, Gamal was deputy secretary-general of the then-ruling and now-dissolved National Democratic Party, and head of its influential policies committee.\nIn 2014 and 2015, he was convicted of political corruption for diverting nearly $20 million in state funds to private use, along with his father and brother, and sentenced to four years in prison.\nWithin the family, under his half-British mother, his name is \"Jimmy\", while his brother Alaa is \"Alan\".", "Q438475": "Ingrid Turkovi\u0107-Wendl (born Ingrid Wendl on 17 May 1940 in Vienna) is an Austrian figure skater, television announcer, and political figure. She has been an Austrian People's Party delegate to the National Council of Austria since 2002.Turkovi\u0107-Wendl is a two-time European champion (1956, 1958), the 1956 Olympic bronze medalist in ladies' figure skating, and one of the youngest figure skating Olympic medalists. Among her contemporaries were fellow Austrians Hanna Eigel and Hanna Walter. Wendl later became a professional skater and performed in the Viennese Ice Revue (Vienna Ice Revue) and Ice Capades. She retired from the sport in 1971.\nIn 1972 she began working for ORF, the national Austrian public service broadcaster. She retired from broadcasting in 2000. Turkovi\u0107-Wendl was elected to the National Council of Austria in November 2002.\nShe is married to bassoonist Milan Turkovi\u0107.", "Q2996526": "Cooking Vinyl is a British independent record label, based in Acton, London, England. Founded in 1986 by former manager and booking agent Martin Goldschmidt and business partner Pete Lawrence. Goldschmidt remains the current owner and chairman while Rob Collins is managing director. The company focuses on artist service based deals where the artist retains ownership of their copyrights", "Q203860": "Vladimir Ivanovich Nemirovich-Danchenko (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447-\u0414\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; 23 December [O.S. 11 December] 1858 \u2013 25 April 1943, Moscow), was a Russian and Soviet theatre director, writer, pedagogue, playwright, producer and theatre administrator, who founded the Moscow Art Theatre with his colleague, Konstantin Stanislavski, in 1898.", "Q232465": "Philippa Charlotte Matthews (n\u00e9e Middleton; born 6 September 1983) is an English socialite, author, and columnist. The younger sister of the Duchess of Cambridge, she began receiving media attention with her appearance as the maid of honour at her sister's wedding to Prince William.", "Q99908": "Uli Stein (born 26 December 1946) is a German cartoonist.", "Q32433": "Lincoln is a 2012 historical drama film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg, starring Daniel Day-Lewis as United States President Abraham Lincoln. The film also features Sally Field, David Strathairn, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, James Spader, Hal Holbrook, and Tommy Lee Jones in supporting roles.\nThe screenplay by Tony Kushner was loosely based on Doris Kearns Goodwin's biography Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, and covers the final four months of Lincoln's life, focusing on his efforts in January 1865 to have the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution passed by the United States House of Representatives.\nThe film was produced by Steven Spielberg and frequent collaborator Kathleen Kennedy, through their respective production companies, Amblin Entertainment and the Kennedy/Marshall Company. Filming began October 17, 2011, and ended on December 19, 2011. Lincoln premiered on October 8, 2012 at the New York Film Festival. The film was co-produced by American companies DreamWorks Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Participant Media, with Indian company Reliance Entertainment, and released theatrically by Touchstone Pictures in North America on November 9, 2012. The film was distributed by 20th Century in international territories.Lincoln received significant praise for the acting, especially Day-Lewis's performance, as well as Spielberg's direction, and production values. In December 2012, the film was nominated for seven Golden Globe Awards including Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama, Best Director for Spielberg and winning Best Actor (Motion Picture \u2013 Drama) for Day-Lewis. At the 85th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for twelve Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Director; it won for Best Production Design and Best Actor for Day-Lewis. The film was also a commercial success, grossing over $275 million at the box office.", "Q1874": "Odessa or Odesa (Ukrainian: \u041e\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0441\u0430, romanized: Odesa [o\u02c8d\u025bs\u0250] (listen); Russian: \u041e\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0441\u0441\u0430, romanized: Odessa [\u0250\u02c8d\u02b2es\u0259]) is the third most populous city of Ukraine and a major tourism center, seaport and transport hub located on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. It is also the administrative center of the Odessa Oblast and a multiethnic cultural center. Odessa is sometimes called the \"pearl of the Black Sea\", the \"South Capital\" (under the Russian Empire and Soviet Union), and \"Southern Palmyra\".\nBefore the Tsarist establishment of Odessa, an ancient Greek settlement existed at its location. A more recent Tatar settlement was also founded at the location by Hac\u0131 I Giray, the Khan of Crimea in 1440 that was named after him as \"Hac\u0131bey\". After a period of Lithuanian Grand Duchy control, Hacibey and surroundings became part of the domain of the Ottomans in 1529 and remained there until the empire's defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1792.\nIn 1794, the city of Odessa was founded by a decree of the Russian empress Catherine the Great. From 1819 to 1858, Odessa was a free port\u2014a porto-franco. During the Soviet period, it was the most important port of trade in the Soviet Union and a Soviet naval base. On 1 January 2000, the Quarantine Pier at Odessa Commercial Sea Port was declared a free port and free economic zone for a period of 25 years.\nDuring the 19th century, Odessa was the fourth largest city of Imperial Russia, after Moscow, Saint Petersburg and Warsaw. Its historical architecture has a style more Mediterranean than Russian, having been heavily influenced by French and Italian styles. Some buildings are built in a mixture of different styles, including Art Nouveau, Renaissance and Classicist.Odessa is a warm-water port. The city of Odessa hosts both the Port of Odessa and Port Yuzhne, a significant oil terminal situated in the city's suburbs. Another notable port, Chornomorsk, is located in the same oblast, to the south-west of Odessa. Together they represent a major transport hub integrating with railways. Odessa's oil and chemical processing facilities are connected to Russian and European networks by strategic pipelines.", "Q461500": "\u015eehzade Korkut (1467\u20131513) was an Ottoman prince who was a short time regent for the Ottoman throne.\n\n", "Q45863": "Ludwig Streicher (26 June 1920 \u2013 11 March 2003) was a contrabassist from Vienna, Austria. Familiar to many as the former principal bass of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra and bass soloist, he is also known as an instructor and as the author of a contrabass textbook.", "Q458381": "Matthew Helders (born 7 May 1986) is an English drummer, vocalist and songwriter. He is best known as a founding member of the indie rock band Arctic Monkeys, with whom he has recorded six studio albums.\nIn 2015, Helders collaborated with Iggy Pop and Queens of the Stone Age's Josh Homme and Dean Fertita to record Pop's latest studio album, Post Pop Depression (2016).", "Q157537": "The German Centre Party (German: Deutsche Zentrumspartei or just Zentrum) is a lay Catholic political party in Germany, primarily influential during the Kaiserreich and the Weimar Republic. In English it is often called the Catholic Centre Party. Formed in 1870, it successfully battled the Kulturkampf waged by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck against the Catholic Church. It soon won a quarter of the seats in the Reichstag (Imperial Parliament), and its middle position on most issues allowed it to play a decisive role in the formation of majorities.For most of the Weimar Republic, the Centre Party was the third-largest party in the Reichstag. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in early 1933, the Centre Party was among the parties who voted for the Enabling Act, which granted legislative powers to Hitler's government. Nevertheless, the party was pressured into dissolving itself on 5 July, as the Nazi Party became the only legally permitted party in the country shortly thereafter.\nAfter World War II, the party was refounded, but could not rise again to its former importance, as most of its members joined the new Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and, in Bavaria, the Christian-Social Union (CSU). The Centre Party was represented in the German federal parliament until 1957. It exists as a marginal party, mainly based in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.", "Q166932": "Georg Prahl Harbitz (26 June 1802 \u2013 22 November 1889) was a Norwegian priest and politician. He was a Member of Parliament\nfor multiple terms and served as President of the Storting.", "Q2840174": "Pedro Affonso Collor de Melo (14 December 1952 \u2013 19 December 1994) was the brother of former Brazilian president Fernando Collor. Working for the Collor family's newspaper Gazeta de Alagoas, Pedro Collor gained prominence when he made a series of accusations against his brother, who was then president. The allegations include corruption, and drug use. Pedro Collor's revelations helped precipitate his brother's downfall in 1992. Pedro Collor died of brain cancer in 1994.", "Q347950": "Gaspar No\u00e9 (Spanish: [gas\u02c8pa\u027e no\u02c8e]; French: [\u0261as.pa\u0281 n\u0254.e]; born December 27, 1963) is an Argentine filmmaker based in Paris, France. He is the son of Argentine painter, writer and intellectual Luis Felipe No\u00e9. He has directed five feature films: I Stand Alone (1998), Irr\u00e9versible (2002), Enter the Void (2009), Love (2015), and Climax (2018).", "Q958708": "Warren Anderson Mathis (born March 6, 1977), better known by his stage name Bubba Sparxxx, is an American rapper from Georgia. His singles include \"Deliverance\", \"Ugly\", and \"Ms. New Booty\", the latter of which peaked at No. 7 on the US Billboard Hot 100.", "Q467171": "Ludwig Czech (February 14, 1870, Lviv \u2013 August 20, 1942 Theresienstadt) was a German-speaking Jewish Czech member of the German Social Democratic Workers' Party in the Czechoslovak Republic who actively participated in the Czechoslovak politics of the so-called First Republic. He was a Minister of Social Care (1929\u20131934). Minister of Public Affairs (1934\u20131935), Minister of Public Health and Physical Training (1935\u20131938).", "Q64661": "Georg Friedrich Daumer (Nuremberg, 5 March 1800 - W\u00fcrzburg, 14 December 1875) was a German poet and philosopher. He was educated at the gymnasium of his native city, at that time directed by the famous philosopher Hegel. In 1817 he entered the University of Erlangen as a student of theology, but abandoned that study for philosophy. For a number of years Daumer was professor at the gymnasium of Nuremberg; owing to ill-health he was pensioned in 1832 and henceforth devoted himself entirely to literary work. While at Erlangen he came strongly under the influence of Pietism. Soon, however, he became sceptical and exhibited decided leanings towards pantheism. From an orthodox Protestant he gradually became a bitter enemy of Christianity, which he attacked in a number of writings and for which he strove to substitute a new religion \"of love and peace\", formulated in his work Religion des neuen Weltalters (Hamburg, 1850). Karl Marx and Frederick Engels joined in writing a critical review of Daumer's Die Religion des Neuen Weltalters in January through February 1850 which was published in the Neue Rheinische Zeitung: Politisch-\u00d6konomische Revue. Marx and Engels criticized Daumer's theory of history from class point of view. Instead of a struggle between economic classes in society, Daumer saw only a struggle between \"coarseness\" and \"culture.\"\nPrior to writing Die Religion des Neuen Welalters, Daumer had published a number of works, all of a distinctly anti-theological tendency, of which the more important are: Philosophie, Religion, und Altertum (Nuremberg, 1833); Z\u00fcge zu einer neuen Philosophie der Religion und Religionsgeschichte (Nuremberg, 1835); Der Feuer- und Molochdienst der Hebr\u00e4er (Brunswick, 1842); Die Geheimnisse des christlichen Altertums (Hamburg, 1847). Shortly after 1850 Daumer left Nuremberg and settled at Frankfurt, where a great change soon came over him. In 1858 at Mainz he publicly embraced the Catholic faith and thenceforth became its zealous defender. Among the works written after his conversion are: Meine Konversion (Mainz, 1859); Aus der Mansarde (1860\u201362); Das Christentum und sein Urheber (Mainz, 1864); Das Wunder, seine Bedeutung, Wahrheit und Notwendigkeit (Ratisbon, 1874). The last mentioned work is directed expressly against the opinions of David Strauss.\nOne of the most important parts of Daumer's work is his poetry. His Hafis (Hamburg, 1846; a second collection, 1852) contain graceful but very free imitations of the songs of the famous Persian poet. Some of them have become widely known through the musical settings of Brahms, such as the Liebeslieder and Neue Liebeslieder Waltzes. This collection, as well as Mahomed und sein Werk (Hamburg, 1848), is distinctly directed against the hypocrisy and asceticism which at that time Daumer believed to be inseparable from orthodox Christianity. Among other poems may be mentioned: Glorie der heiligen Jungfrau Maria (Nuremberg, 1841); Frauenbilder und Huldigungen (Leipzig, 1853); Marianische Legenden und Gedichte (Munster, 1859) and Sch\u00f6ne Seelen (Mainz, 1862).\nDaumer was also known as host and teacher of the mysterious foundling Kaspar Hauser in 1828-30 and wrote several books about the case.\n\n", "Q845759": "Temple of the Dog was an American rock supergroup that formed in Seattle, Washington in 1990. It was conceived by vocalist Chris Cornell of Soundgarden as a tribute to his friend, the late Andrew Wood, lead singer of the bands Malfunkshun and Mother Love Bone. The lineup included Stone Gossard on rhythm guitar, Jeff Ament on bass guitar (both ex-members of Mother Love Bone and later Pearl Jam), Mike McCready (Pearl Jam) on lead guitar, and Matt Cameron (Soundgarden and later Pearl Jam) on drums. Eddie Vedder appeared as a guest to provide some lead and backing vocals.\nThe band released its only album, the self-titled Temple of the Dog, in April 1991 through A&M Records. The recording sessions took place in November and December 1990 at London Bridge Studios in Seattle, Washington, with producer Rakesh \"Rick\" Parashar. Although earning praise from music critics at the time of its release, the album was not widely recognized until 1992, when Vedder, Ament, Gossard, and McCready had their breakthrough with Pearl Jam. Cameron would later join Pearl Jam, serving as drummer since 1998.\nThe band toured in 2016 in celebration of the 25th anniversary of their self-titled album.", "Q185465": "Paula Julie Abdul (born June 19, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, choreographer, actress, and television personality. She began her career as a cheerleader for the Los Angeles Lakers at the age of 18 and later became the head choreographer for the Laker Girls, where she was discovered by The Jacksons. After choreographing music videos for Janet Jackson, Abdul became a choreographer at the height of the music video era and soon thereafter she was signed to Virgin Records. Her debut studio album Forever Your Girl (1988) became one of the most successful debut albums at that time, selling 7 million copies in the United States and setting a record for the most number-one singles from a debut album on the Billboard Hot 100 chart: \"Straight Up\", \"Forever Your Girl\", \"Cold Hearted\", and \"Opposites Attract\". Her six number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 tie her with Diana Ross for seventh among the female solo performers who have topped the chart.Abdul was one of the original judges on the television series American Idol from 2002 to 2009, and has since appeared as a judge on The X Factor, Live to Dance, and So You Think You Can Dance. Notably, she received choreography credits in numerous films, including Can't Buy Me Love (1987), The Running Man (1987), Big (1988), Coming to America (1988), Action Jackson (1988), The Doors (1991), Jerry Maguire (1996), and American Beauty (1999). She has received five MTV Video Music Award nominations, winning twice, as well as receiving the Grammy Award for Best Music Video for \"Opposites Attract\" in 1991. She received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography twice for her work on The Tracey Ullman Show, and her own performance at the American Music Awards in 1990. Abdul was honored with her own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and is the first entertainer to be honored with the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards' Hall of Fame Award.", "Q329045": "Chiko is a German 2008 film written and directed by \u00d6zg\u00fcr Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m.", "Q5171564": "The College of Engineering is a division of Cornell University that was founded in 1870 as the Sibley College of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanic Arts. It is one of four private undergraduate colleges at Cornell that are not statutory colleges.\nIt currently grants bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees in a variety of engineering and applied science fields, and is the third largest undergraduate college at Cornell by student enrollment. The college offers over 450 engineering courses, and has an annual research budget exceeding US$112 million.", "Q1860": "English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and eventually became a global lingua franca. It is named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to the area of Great Britain that later took their name, England. Both names derive from Anglia, a peninsula in the Baltic Sea. English is closely related to Frisian and Low Saxon, and its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages, particularly Norse (a North Germanic language), and to a greater extent Latin and French.English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a group of West Germanic (Ingvaeonic) dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the 5th century, are collectively called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England; this was a period in which English was influenced by French. Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London, the printing of the King James Bible and the start of the Great Vowel Shift.Modern English has been spreading around the world since the 17th century by the worldwide influence of the British Empire and the United States. Through all types of printed and electronic media of these countries, English has become the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions and professional contexts such as science, navigation and law.English is the largest language by number of speakers, and the third most-spoken native language in the world, after Standard Chinese and Spanish. It is the most widely learned second language and is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. There are more people who have learned it as a second language than there are native speakers. It is estimated that there are over 2 billion speakers of English. English is the majority native language in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the Republic of Ireland, and it is widely spoken in some areas of the Caribbean, Africa and South Asia. It is a co-official language of the United Nations, the European Union and many other world and regional international organisations. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo-European branch. English has a vast vocabulary, though counting how many words any language has is impossible. English speakers are called \"Anglophones\".\nModern English grammar is the result of a gradual change from a typical Indo-European dependent marking pattern, with a rich inflectional morphology and relatively free word order, to a mostly analytic pattern with little inflection, a fairly fixed subject\u2013verb\u2013object word order and a complex syntax. Modern English relies more on auxiliary verbs and word order for the expression of complex tenses, aspect and mood, as well as passive constructions, interrogatives and some negation. The variation among the accents and dialects of English used in different countries and regions\u2014in terms of phonetics and phonology, and sometimes also vocabulary, idioms, grammar, and spelling\u2014can often be understood by speakers of different dialects, but in extreme cases can lead to confusion or even mutual unintelligibility between English speakers.", "Q418969": "Akira Tana (born March 14, 1952 in San Jose, California) is an American jazz drummer.\nTana grew up in Palo Alto, graduating from Gunn High School in 1970. Tana then obtained a bachelor's degree from Harvard University in the social sciences, playing gigs on the side, then enrolled at the New England Conservatory of Music. There he performed in both classical and jazz idioms, playing with the Boston Symphony Orchestra and student ensembles as well as with musicians such as Helen Humes, Milt Jackson, Sonny Rollins, George Russell, and Sonny Stitt.\nTana recorded frequently as a sideman in the 1980s, and began releasing albums as a leader in the 1990s. He formed a group, TanaReid, with Rufus Reid, and added Kei Akagi on occasion to form the Asian-American Jazz Trio. Tana's performing and recording associations include Charles Aznavour, Ran Blake, Ray Bryant, Al Cohn, Chris Connor, Art Farmer, Carl Fontana, Dizzy Gillespie, Benny Golson, Jim Hall, Jimmy Heath, Lena Horne, J.J. Johnson, Warne Marsh, Tete Montoliu, James Moody, Spike Robinson, Jimmy Rowles, Zoot Sims, Cedar Walton, and Frank Wess.", "Q88811": "Peter Patzak (born 2 January 1945) is an Austrian film director and screenwriter. He has directed 60 films since 1973. His film Kassbach \u2013 Ein Portr\u00e4t was entered into the 29th Berlin International Film Festival and his film Wahnfried was screened out of competition at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival. His 1997 film Shanghai 1937 was entered into the 20th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Q659027": "Vladimiro Ariel Dorfman (born May 6, 1942) is an Argentine-Chilean-American novelist, playwright, essayist, academic, and human rights activist. A citizen of the United States since 2004, he has been a professor of literature and Latin American Studies at Duke University, in Durham, North Carolina, since 1985.", "Q193207": "Ambient music is a genre of music that emphasizes tone and atmosphere over traditional musical structure or rhythm. A form of instrumental music, it may lack net composition, beat, or structured melody. It uses textural layers of sound which can reward both passive and active listening and encourage a sense of calm or contemplation. The genre is said to evoke an \"atmospheric\", \"visual\", or \"unobtrusive\" quality. Nature soundscapes may be included, and the sounds of acoustic instruments such as the piano, strings and flute may be emulated through a synthesizer.The genre originated in the 1960s and 1970s, when new musical instruments were being introduced to a wider market, such as the synthesizer. It was presaged by Erik Satie's furniture music and styles such as Jamaican dub music and German electronic music, but was prominently named and popularized by British musician Brian Eno in 1978 with his album Ambient 1: Music for Airports; Eno opined that ambient music \"must be as ignorable as it is interesting.\" It saw a revival towards the late 1980s with the prominence of house and techno music, growing a cult following by the 1990s. Ambient music may have elements of new-age music and drone music, as some works may use sustained or repeated notes.Ambient music did not achieve large commercial success, being criticized as having a \"boring\" and \"over-intellectual\" sound. Nevertheless, it has attained a certain degree of acclaim throughout the years, especially in the Internet age. Due to its relatively open style, ambient music often takes influences from many other genres, ranging from classical, avant-garde music, folk, jazz, and world music, amongst others.", "Q735843": "Giuseppe La Farina (20 July 1815 in Messina \u2013 5 September 1863 in Torino) was an influential leader of the Italian Risorgimento.\nHe was founder of the Italian National Society in 1857, a society dedicated to the unification of Italy.", "Q552874": "Trevor Edward Bailey (3 December 1923 \u2013 10 February 2011) was an England Test cricketer, cricket writer and broadcaster.\nAn all-rounder, Bailey was known for his skilful but unspectacular batting. As the BBC reflected in his obituary: \"His stubborn refusal to be out normally brought more pleasure to the team than to the spectators.\" This defensive style of play brought him the first of his nicknames, \"Barnacle Bailey\", but he was a good enough cricketer that he has retrospectively been calculated to have been the leading all-rounder in the world for most of his international career.\nIn later life, Bailey wrote a number of books and commentated on the game. He was particularly known for the 26 years he spent working for the BBC on the Test Match Special radio programme.", "Q187272": "Zeki M\u00fcren (Turkish pronunciation: [ze\u02c8ci \u02c8my\u027e\u00e6n]; 6 December 1931 \u2013 24 September 1996) was a Turkish singer, composer, songwriter, actor and poet. Known by the nicknames \"The Sun of Art\" and \"Pasha\", he was one of the prominent figures of the Turkish classical music. Due to his contributions to the art industry, he was named a \"State Artist\" in 1991. He was the first singer to receive a gold certification in Turkey and throughout his career recorded and released hundreds of songs on cassettes and phonograph records.", "Q69345": "Neuch\u00e2tel or Neuchatel (UK: , US: , French: [n\u00f8\u0283\u0251t\u025bl] (listen); Arpitan: N\u00f4ch\u00e2t\u00e9l; both from Old French: neu(f) \"new\" and chatel \"castle\"; German: Neuenburg [\u02c8n\u0254\u028f\u0259n\u02ccb\u028ar\u0261] (listen); Romansh: Neuch\u00e2tel or Neufch\u00e2tel; outdated Italian: Neocastello) is a town, a municipality, and the capital of the Swiss canton of Neuch\u00e2tel on Lake Neuch\u00e2tel.\nThe city has approximately 34,000 inhabitants (80,000 in the metropolitan area). The city is sometimes referred to historically by the German name Neuenburg, which has the same meaning. It was originally part of the Kingdom of Burgundy, then part of the Holy Roman Empire and later under Prussian control from 1707 until 1848. From 1802, it had been governed by the emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1848, Neuch\u00e2tel becomes official a republic and canton of Switzerland. \nThe official language of Neuch\u00e2tel is French.\nNeuch\u00e2tel is a pilot of the Council of Europe and the European Commission Intercultural Cities programme.", "Q92691": "Daniel Gureasko Bobrow (29 November 1935 \u2013 20 March 2017) was an American computer scientist who created an oft-cited artificial intelligence program STUDENT, with which he earned his PhD., worked at BBN Technologies (BBN), then was a Research Fellow in the Intelligent Systems Laboratory of the Palo Alto Research Center. \nBorn in New York City, he earned his BS from RPI in 1957, SM from Harvard in 1958, and PhD in Mathematics from MIT under the supervision of Marvin Minsky in 1964. At BBN, he was a developer of TENEX.Bobrow was the President of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), chair of the Cognitive Science Society, Editor-in-chief of the journal Artificial Intelligence. He shared the 1992 ACM Software Systems Award for his work on Interlisp. He was an ACM Fellow and an AAAI fellow.", "Q4918": "The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant. Although the sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, it is usually referred to as a separate body of water. Geological evidence indicates that around 5.9 million years ago, the Mediterranean was cut off from the Atlantic and was partly or completely desiccated over a period of some 600,000 years (the Messinian salinity crisis) before being refilled by the Zanclean flood about 5.3 million years ago.\nIt covers an area of about 2,500,000 km2 (970,000 sq mi), representing 0.7% of the global ocean surface, but its connection to the Atlantic via the Strait of Gibraltar\u2014the narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain in Europe from Morocco in Africa\u2014is only 14 km (9 mi) wide. In oceanography, it is sometimes called the Eurafrican Mediterranean Sea or the European Mediterranean Sea to distinguish it from mediterranean seas elsewhere.The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) and the deepest recorded point is 5,267 m (17,280 ft) in the Calypso Deep in the Ionian Sea. It lies between latitudes 30\u00b0 and 46\u00b0 N and longitudes 6\u00b0 W and 36\u00b0 E. Its west\u2013east length, from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Gulf of Iskenderun, on the southeastern coast of Turkey, is about 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi).\nThe sea was an important route for merchants and travellers of ancient times, facilitating trade and cultural exchange between peoples of the region. The history of the Mediterranean region is crucial to understanding the origins and development of many modern societies. The sea was owned by the Roman Empire for many centuries, as the Romans controlled entry.\nThe countries surrounding the Mediterranean in clockwise order are Spain, France, Monaco, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco; Malta and Cyprus are island countries in the sea. In addition, the Gaza Strip and the British Overseas Territories of Gibraltar and Akrotiri and Dhekelia have coastlines on the sea.", "Q4831417": "Aylin Nazl\u0131aka (born 1968 in Ankara) is a Turkish politician and businesswoman from the Republican People\u2019s Party.", "Q240959": "Emma Lazarus (July 22, 1849 \u2013 November 19, 1887) was an American author of poetry, prose, and translations, as well as an activist for Jewish causes.\nShe wrote the sonnet \"The New Colossus\" in 1883. Its lines appear inscribed on a bronze plaque, installed in 1903, on the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty. The last stanza of the sonnet was set to music by Irving Berlin as the song \"Give Me Your Tired, Your Poor\" for the 1949 musical Miss Liberty, which was based on the sculpting of the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World). The last stanza was also set by Lee Hoiby in his song \"The Lady of the Harbor\" written in 1985 as part of his song cycle \"Three Women\".\nLazarus was also the author of Poems and Translations (New York, 1867); Admetus, and other Poems (1871); Alide: An Episode of Goethe's Life (Philadelphia, 1874); Poems and Ballads of Heine (New York, 1881); Poems, 2 Vols.; Narrative, Lyric and Dramatic; as well as Jewish Poems and Translations.", "Q463303": "The American Academy of Arts and Sciences is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. Founded in 1780, the Academy is dedicated to honoring excellence and leadership, working across disciplines and divides, and advancing the common good. \nMembership in the academy is achieved through a thorough petition, review, and election process and has been considered a high honor of scholarly and societal merit ever since the academy was founded during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, and others of their contemporaries who contributed prominently to the establishment of the new nation, its government, and the United States Constitution.Today the Academy is charged with a dual function: to elect to membership the finest minds and most influential leaders, drawn from science, scholarship, business, public affairs, and the arts, from each generation, and to conduct policy studies in response to the needs of society. Major Academy projects now have focused on higher education and research, humanities and cultural studies, scientific and technological advances, politics, population and the environment, and the welfare of children. D\u00e6dalus, the Academy's quarterly journal, is widely regarded as one of the world's leading intellectual journals.The Academy carries out nonpartisan policy research by bringing together scientists, scholars, artists, policymakers, business leaders, and other experts to make multidisciplinary analyses of complex social, political, and intellectual topics. The Academy's current areas of work are Arts & Humanities, Democracy & Justice, Education, Energy & Environment, Global Affairs, and Science & Technology.David W. Oxtoby began his term as the organization's president in January 2019. A chemist by training, he served as President of Pomona College from 2003 to 2017. He was elected a member of the American Academy in 2012. \nThe Academy is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.", "Q746675": "The Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary was a basilica in Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, (in Latin: Alba Regia) Hungary.\n\nIt was built in the late 1010s by Saint Stephen I, the first King of Hungary. The basilica was an impressive building, one of the greatest in Hungary. It was never episcopal, but it was used as the principal church of the rulers of Hungary.\nIt was the most significant place of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages, as it contained the crown jewels, including the throne, the Holy Crown of Hungary, the treasury and the archives. 37 kings and 39 queens were crowned in this basilica and 15 were buried in it. In 1543, the Turks occupied Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r. The royal graves were ransacked and the basilica was used to store gunpowder while St. Martin's Cathedral in Pozsony became the new coronation site.\nIn 1601, the valuable building was destroyed by fire. During this time, the Ottoman rule of the city was interrupted for about one year.\nIts ruins were demolished and used for the construction of the new episcopal residence and for the reconstruction of another old church which in the 18th century became the cathedral of the Diocese of Szekesfehervar, erected in 1777.", "Q61719": "Otto Wels (15 September 1873 \u2013 16 September 1939) was the chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1919 and a member of parliament from 1920 to 1933.", "Q699565": "Ronald Steven Lauder (born February 26, 1944) is an American businessman, art collector, and political activist. He is an heir to the Est\u00e9e Lauder Companies, and the president of the World Jewish Congress.", "Q76265": "Franziska Katharina Brantner (born 24 August 1979) is a German politician of the Green Party. She was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 to 2013, and since 2012 she has been a member of the German Parliament.", "Q749546": "Terror Squad was an American hip hop collective that was first established in 1998. Based in The Bronx borough of New York City, the members of Terror Squad collectively debuted on a song in member Fat Joe's album Don Cartagena. Terror Squad released its debut, The Album, in 1999, with its first major hit \"Whatcha Gon' Do\", credited mostly to Big Pun, who died of a heart attack in 2000. After Big Pun's death, his longtime partners Cuban Link and Triple Seis left the group and were subsequently replaced by Remy Martin (later known as Remy Ma) and Tony Sunshine. In 2004, their song \"Lean Back\" peaked at #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.", "Q925907": "Ijahman Levi (born Trevor Sutherland: 21 June 1946 in Christiana, Manchester, Jamaica) is a reggae musician. In his early years, Levi was tutored by musician and vocal teacher, Joe Higgs. His first album, Haile I Hymn, was released on Island Records in 1978. He became Ijahman Levi after a religious conversion to Rastafari when he was in prison between 1972 and 1974. It and his following records preach Rastafari movement as well as Twelve Tribes of Israel doctrine.", "Q92849": "Rudolf von Bitter Rucker (; born March 22, 1946) is an American mathematician, computer scientist, science fiction author, and one of the founders of the cyberpunk literary movement. The author of both fiction and non-fiction, he is best known for the novels in the Ware Tetralogy, the first two of which (Software and Wetware) both won Philip K. Dick Awards. Until its closure in 2014 he edited the science fiction webzine Flurb.", "Q58198": "Ahmet Davuto\u011flu (Turkish pronunciation: [ah\u02c8met davu\u02c8to\u02d0\u026bu] (listen); born 26 February 1959) is a Turkish academic, politician and former diplomat who served as the 26th Prime Minister of Turkey and Leader of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) from 2014 to 2016. He previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2014 and chief advisor to Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan from 2003 to 2009. He was elected as an AKP Member of Parliament for Konya in the 2011 general election and was reelected as an MP in both the June and November 2015 general elections. He resigned as Prime Minister on 22 May 2016.Following the election of serving Prime Minister and AKP Leader Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan as the 12th President of Turkey, Davuto\u011flu was announced by the AKP Central Executive Committee as a candidate for the party leadership. He was unanimously elected as leader during the first AKP extraordinary congress and consequently succeeded Erdo\u011fan as prime minister, forming the 62nd Government of the Turkish Republic. His cabinet was dominated by Erdo\u011fan's close allies such as Yal\u00e7\u0131n Akdo\u011fan; this led to speculation that he would take a docile approach as prime minister while Erdo\u011fan continued to pursue his own political agenda as president. The AKP lost its parliamentary majority in the June 2015 general election, though it remained the largest party. Davuto\u011flu's government subsequently resigned but stayed in power until a new government could be formed. After undertaking a series of unsuccessful coalition negotiations with opposition parties, Davuto\u011flu was tasked with forming Turkey's first-ever interim election government, which presided over snap elections scheduled for November 2015. The AKP regained its parliamentary majority in November after a landslide victory, with Davuto\u011flu subsequently forming his third government.\nFollowing a deterioration in relations between Davuto\u011flu and Erdo\u011fan over their disagreements regarding parliamentary candidate lists, government policy and the implementation of an executive presidential system of government, Davuto\u011flu announced his resignation as AKP leader and Prime Minister seven months after his November 2015 general election victory. He announced that an Extraordinary party Congress would be held on 22 May 2016 and that he would not stand for re-election for the party leadership. He was succeeded as leader by Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m and tendered his resignation as Prime Minister soon afterward.Davuto\u011flu's administration oversaw an escalation of conflict between the government and the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) after a two-year ceasefire broke down in mid-2015, with his premiership being described as the 'bloodiest' in Turkey's history. His government originally authorised airstrikes against both PKK and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) positions on 20 July after a suicide bombing killed 32 people in the southeastern town of Suru\u00e7. The government's offensive against ISIL suffered sustained criticism by allies such as the United States over Turkey's lack of action against the group, though the political opposition accused Davuto\u011flu of sparking the conflict deliberately to win back votes and regain a parliamentary majority in the November 2015 snap election. His government also presided over the ongoing political conflict with the G\u00fclen Movement and the spillover effects of the Syrian Civil War across the border with Turkey, as well as the European migrant crisis that emerged as a result. Although his foreign policy outlook has been described as Neo-Ottoman or Pan-Islamist, Davuto\u011flu made Turkey's accession bid to the European Union a strategic target for his government. He has been criticised for failing to tackle political corruption and for growing government authoritarianism, with a new national security bill in early 2015 causing opposition commentators to accuse his government of turning Turkey into a police state.In September 2019, having long been speculated to be preparing to launch his own party, Davuto\u011flu resigned from the AKP and accused his former party of no longer being able to provide solutions for Turkey. On 12 December 2019, he launched the Future Party and became its first leader.\n\n", "Q231178": "Gloria Marie Steinem (; born March 25, 1934) is an American feminist, journalist, and social political activist who became nationally recognized as a leader and a spokeswoman for the American feminist movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s.Steinem was a columnist for New York magazine, and a co-founder of Ms. magazine. In 1969, Steinem published an article, \"After Black Power, Women's Liberation\", which brought her to national fame as a feminist leader.\n\nIn 2005, Steinem, Jane Fonda, and Robin Morgan co-founded the Women's Media Center, an organization that \"works to make women visible and powerful in the media\".As of May 2018, Steinem traveled internationally as an organizer and lecturer, and was a media spokeswoman on issues of equality.", "Q70614": "Obergoms is the upper part of the Goms and a municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It was formed on 1 January 2009 when the three municipalities Ulrichen, Obergesteln and Oberwald merged.", "Q465772": "Haddy Jatou N'jie (born 25 June 1979 in Oslo) is a Norwegian singer, songwriter, writer and journalist. Her father is Gambian and her mother is Norwegian. She grew up in Kolbotn near Oslo and is the eldest of five siblings. Her younger sister is illustrator and picture book writer Lisa Aisato.", "Q95840": "Hermann-Eberhard Wildermuth (23 October 1890 \u2013 9 March 1952) was a German politician and a member of the FDP/DVP. From 1949 until his death he was the Federal Minister for Housing under Konrad Adenauer. During World War II Wildermuth was a highly decorated colonel in the Wehrmacht and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. He was a grandson of the Swabian writer Ottilie Wildermuth.", "Q5261917": "Derek Ashworth Denton (born 27 May 1924) is an Australian scientist known for elucidation of the regulation of the electrolyte pattern of the extracellular fluid, the hormones controlling it, particularly aldosterone, and the instinctive behaviours controlling apt intake of water and salts. He was cited in 1995 at election to the National Academy of Science of the United States \u201cas the world\u2019s leading authority on the regulation of salt and water metabolism and relevant endocrine control mechanisms. He is one of Australia\u2019s most eminent scientists with a record of remarkable scholarly and organizational contributions. He is a highly cultured person and internationally recognised for his scientific leadership\u201d.\n\n", "Q260337": "Rebekah Isabelle Laemmle (October 20, 1909 \u2013 June 12, 2014), professionally known as Carla Laemmle, was an American actress of German Jewish descent, and the niece of Universal Pictures studio founder Carl Laemmle. She was a movie actress in the 1920s and 1930s, and one of the longest surviving actors of the silent film era. Her career in motion pictures was also one of the longest on record, spanning 1925 to 2014.", "Q60361": "Esteban Louis Powell (born June 15, 1976) is an American actor.\nHe attended the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts in Houston, a magnet school of the Houston Independent School District. He was cast in the role of Carl Burnet in the 1993 Richard Linklater film Dazed and Confused.\nSince, he has appeared in the films Hysteria - The Def Leppard Story, Drake Bell: The Untitled Project (A Teaser), Runaways, Paper Cut, and Shiloh Falls among others. He has appeared in episodes of Beverly Hills, 90210, Touched by an Angel, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Reba, Dawson's Creek, Charmed, Gilmore Girls, House, and Monk. In 2000-2001, he played Jargon in Level 9. He recently co-starred in the A&E Network series The Cleaner, which ran for two seasons from 2008 to 2009.", "Q122802": "Stefan Wigger (26 March 1932 in Leipzig, Germany- 13 February 2013 in Munich) was a German television actor.", "Q94586": "Paul Ludwig Stein (4 February 1892 \u2013 2 May 1951) was an Austrian-born film director with 67 films to his credit. Stein began his career in Berlin in 1918 and worked exclusively in the German silent film industry until 1926, when he first went to Hollywood, and spent the next five years commuting between Germany and the U.S., where he worked with stars such as Jeanette MacDonald, Lillian Gish and Constance Bennett.\nIn 1931, Stein relocated to England after gaining a contract with British International Pictures, where he was assigned a number of big-name prestige productions, including some of the popular operetta films of the mid-1930s. These included Blossom Time and Heart's Desire starring his boyhood friend Richard Tauber, who also made cameo appearances in two of his post-war films Waltz Time and Lisbon Story. For most his career, Stein's credits tended to be films primarily aimed at female audiences, although later he also directed crime and spy thrillers. Stein remained in England for the rest of his life and career, becoming a British citizen in 1938.", "Q220713": "American Pie is a 1999 American teen sex comedy film written by Adam Herz and directed by brothers Paul and Chris Weitz, in their directorial film debut. It is the first film in the American Pie theatrical series. The film was a box-office hit and spawned three direct sequels: American Pie 2 (2001), American Wedding (2003), and American Reunion (2012). The film concentrates on five best friends (Jim, Kevin, Oz, Finch, and Stifler) who attend East Great Falls High. With the exception of Stifler (who has already lost his virginity), the guys make a pact to lose their virginity before their high school graduation. The title is borrowed from the song of the same name and refers to a scene in the film, in which the protagonist is caught masturbating with a pie after being told that third base feels like \"warm apple pie\". Writer Adam Herz has stated that the title also refers to the quest of losing one's virginity in high school, which is as \"American as apple pie.\"\nIn addition to the primary American Pie saga, there are four direct-to-DVD spin-off films bearing the title American Pie Presents: Band Camp (2005), The Naked Mile (2006), Beta House (2007), and The Book of Love (2009), with an upcoming fifth film entitled Girls' Rules, is set to be released in 2020.\nIn response to the success of American Reunion, a fifth theatrical film, under the working title American Pie 5 was announced on August 4, 2012. In August 2017, Seann William Scott said in an interview that the fourth film probably had not made enough at the domestic box office to warrant another film.", "Q47906": "Hermann Wilhelm G\u00f6ring (or Goering; German: [\u02c8\u0261\u00f8\u02d0\u0281\u026a\u014b] (listen); 12 January 1893 \u2013 15 October 1946) was a German political and military leader as well as one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party (NSDAP), which ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ace, he was a recipient of the Pour le M\u00e9rite (\"The Blue Max\"). He was the last commander of Jagdgeschwader 1 (Jasta 1), the fighter wing once led by Manfred von Richthofen.\nAn early member of the Nazi Party, G\u00f6ring was among those wounded in Adolf Hitler's failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. While receiving treatment for his injuries, he developed an addiction to morphine which persisted until the last year of his life. After Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, G\u00f6ring was named as Minister Without Portfolio in the new government. One of his first acts as a cabinet minister was to oversee the creation of the Gestapo, which he ceded to Heinrich Himmler in 1934. Following the establishment of the Nazi state, G\u00f6ring amassed power and political capital to become the second most powerful man in Germany. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe (air force), a position he held until the final days of the regime. Upon being named Plenipotentiary of the Four Year Plan in 1936, G\u00f6ring was entrusted with the task of mobilizing all sectors of the economy for war, an assignment which brought numerous government agencies under his control and helped him become one of the wealthiest men in the country. In September 1939 Hitler designated him as his successor and deputy in all his offices. After the Fall of France in 1940, he was bestowed the specially created rank of Reichsmarschall, which gave him seniority over all officers in Germany's armed forces.\nBy 1941, G\u00f6ring was at the peak of his power and influence. As the Second World War progressed, G\u00f6ring's standing with Hitler and with the German public declined after the Luftwaffe proved incapable of preventing the Allied bombing of Germany's cities and resupplying surrounded Axis forces in Stalingrad. Around that time, G\u00f6ring increasingly withdrew from military and political affairs to devote his attention to collecting property and artwork, much of which was stolen from Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Informed on 22 April 1945 that Hitler intended to commit suicide, G\u00f6ring sent a telegram to Hitler requesting permission to assume control of the Reich. Considering his request an act of treason, Hitler removed G\u00f6ring from all his positions, expelled him from the party, and ordered his arrest.\nAfter the war, G\u00f6ring was convicted of conspiracy, crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials in 1946. He was sentenced to death by hanging, but committed suicide by ingesting cyanide hours before the sentence was to be carried out.", "Q1195301": "Eiji Wentz (\u30a6\u30a8\u30f3\u30c4\u745b\u58eb, Uentsu Eiji, born October 8, 1985) is an American Japanese singer, entertainer, actor and a member of the singer-songwriter duo WaT and belongs to the production company Burning Productions.", "Q10686": "Belfast ( BEL-fahst; from Irish: B\u00e9al Feirste, meaning \"mouth of the sand-bank ford\", Irish pronunciation: [b\u02b2e\u02d0l\u02e0 \u02c8f\u02b2\u025b\u027e\u02e0(\u0259)\u0283t\u02b2\u0259]) is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast of Northern Ireland. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdom and the second-largest on the island of Ireland. It had a population of 333,871 as of 2015. Belfast suffered greatly in the Troubles: in the 1970s and 1980s it was reported to be one of the world's most dangerous cities, with a homicide rate around 31 per 100,000.By the early 19th century, Belfast became a major port. It played a key role in the Industrial Revolution, becoming the biggest linen-producer in the world, earning it the nickname \"Linenopolis\". By the time it was granted city status in 1888, it was a major centre of Irish linen production, tobacco-processing and rope-making. Shipbuilding was also a key industry; the Harland and Wolff shipyard, which built the RMS Titanic, was the world's biggest shipyard. Belfast as of 2019 has a major aerospace and missiles industry. Industrialisation, and the inward migration it brought, made Belfast Northern Ireland's biggest city and it became the capital of Northern Ireland following the Partition of Ireland in 1922. Its status as a global industrial centre ended in the decades after the Second World War of 1939\u20131945.\nBelfast is still a major port, with commercial and industrial docks, including the Harland and Wolff shipyard, dominating the Belfast Lough shoreline. It is served by two airports: George Best Belfast City Airport and Belfast International Airport 15 miles (24 km) west of the city. The Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) listed Belfast as a Gamma global city in 2018.", "Q3911": "Albert II (born 6 June 1934) reigned as King of the Belgians, from 1993 until his abdication in 2013.\nKing Albert II is the son of King Leopold III and Queen Astrid, born princess of Sweden. He is the younger brother of Grand Duchess Jos\u00e9phine-Charlotte of Luxembourg and King Baudouin, whom he succeeded upon Baudouin's death in 1993. He is currently the last living child of Leopold III and Astrid. He married Donna Paola Ruffo di Calabria (now Queen Paola), with whom he had three children. Albert's eldest son, Philippe, is the current King of the Belgians.\nOn 3 July 2013, King Albert II attended a midday session of the Belgian cabinet. He then announced that, on 21 July, Belgian National Day, he would abdicate the throne for health reasons. He was succeeded by his son Philippe on 21 July 2013. Albert II was the fourth monarch to abdicate in 2013, following Pope Benedict XVI, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, and Emir Hamad bin Khalifa of Qatar. In so doing, he was also the second Belgian monarch to abdicate, following his father Leopold III who abdicated in 1951, albeit under very different circumstances.", "Q143230": "Gerald David \"Lorenzo\" Music (May 2, 1937 \u2013 August 4, 2001) was an American actor, voice actor, writer, producer and musician. He was best known as the original voice of Jim Davis' comic strip cat Garfield. He famously voiced the character on animated specials from 1982 to 1991, and also in cartoons, video games, and commercials. Music's distinctive voice of Garfield is still often used in animated specials in his legacy.", "Q749220": "Henry Carter Stuart (January 18, 1855 \u2013 July 24, 1933) was an American businessman and politician from Virginia. Between 1914 and 1918, he served as the 47th Governor of Virginia, a period which encompassed World War I.", "Q964783": "James Edward Duval (born September 10, 1972) is an American actor, who is known for his roles in the Gregg Araki trilogy\u2014Totally Fucked Up, The Doom Generation, and Nowhere\u2014in addition to Frank in Donnie Darko, Blank in May, Miguel in Independence Day and Singh in Go.", "Q153023": "Henry III (28 October 1016 \u2013 5 October 1056), called the Black or the Pious, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1046 until his death in 1056. A member of the Salian Dynasty, he was the eldest son of Emperor Conrad II of Germany and Gisela of Swabia.Henry was raised by his father, who made him Duke of Bavaria in 1026, appointed him co-ruler in 1028 and bestowed him with the duchy of Swabia and the Kingdom of Burgundy ten years later in 1038. The emperor's death the following year ended a remarkably smooth and harmonious transition process towards Henry's sovereign rule, that was rather uncharacteristic for the Ottonian and Salian monarchs. Henry succeeded Conrad II as Duke of Carinthia and King of Italy and continued to pursue his father's political course on the basis of virtus et probitas (courage and honesty), which led to an unprecedented sacral exaltation of the kingship. In 1046 Henry ended the papal schism, was crowned Emperor by Pope Clement II, freed the Vatican from dependence on the Roman nobility and laid the foundation for its empire-wide authority. In the duchies Henry enforced sovereign royal right of disposition, thereby ensuring tighter control. In Lorraine, this led to years of conflict from which he emerged victorious. Another sphere of defiance formed in southern Germany from 1052 to 1055. Henry III died aged only 38. Modern historians, however, identify the final years of his reign as the beginning of a crisis in the Salian monarchy.", "Q782637": "Sara Treleaven Blakely (born February 27, 1971) is an American businesswoman, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. She is the founder of Spanx, an American intimate apparel company with pants and leggings, founded in Atlanta, Georgia. In 2012, Blakely was named in Time magazine's \"Time 100\" annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world. As of 2014, she is listed as the 93rd most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.", "Q3380867": "Philippe Villers founded the company Computervision with Marty Allen in 1969. In 1980 he co-founded Automatix, an early robotics company, which he led until 1986. He later served as president of Cognition Corporation for 3 years. He is currently (2013) president of GrainPro, Inc., and board member of a number of high-tech startups, as well as president of Families USA Foundation, which he endowed. GrainPro makes bags and storage cocoons out of polyvinyl chloride to protect grain in third world countries, where up to 25% of harvested crops are lost to insects and rodents.Villers was born in France and came to the United States as a child. He earned a B.A. from Harvard University and an S.M. in mechanical engineering from MIT in 1960. He also holds an honorary doctorate from the University of Massachusetts Lowell.", "Q86182": "Alois St\u00f6ger (born 3 September 1960) is an Austrian politician. He has served in the government of Austria as Minister of Transport, Innovation and Technology from September 2014 to January 2016, and he previously served as Minister of Health from 2008 to 2014. St\u00f6ger is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SP\u00d6).", "Q233009": "Elsa Sullivan Lanchester (28 October 1902 \u2013 26 December 1986) was an English actress with a long career in theatre, film and television.Lanchester studied dance as a child and after the First World War began performing in theatre and cabaret, where she established her career over the following decade. She met the actor Charles Laughton in 1927, and they were married two years later. She began playing small roles in British films, including the role of Anne of Cleves with Laughton in The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933). His success in American films resulted in the couple moving to Hollywood, where Lanchester played small film roles.\nHer role as the title character in Bride of Frankenstein (1935) brought her recognition. She played supporting roles through the 1940s and 1950s. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Come to the Stable (1949) and Witness for the Prosecution (1957), the last of twelve films in which she appeared with Laughton. Following Laughton's death in 1962, Lanchester resumed her career with appearances in such Disney films as Mary Poppins (1964), That Darn Cat! (1965) and Blackbeard's Ghost (1968). The horror film Willard (1971) was highly successful, and one of her last roles was in Murder by Death (1976).", "Q167386": "Sir Charles Gavan Duffy KCMG (12 April 1816 \u2013 9 February 1903), Irish-Australian nationalist, journalist, poet and politician, was the 8th Premier of Victoria and one of the most colourful figures in Victorian political history. \nThe suburb of Duffy in the Australian Capital Territory is named after him.\nDuffy was born in Dublin Street, Monaghan Town, County Monaghan, Ireland, the son of a Catholic shopkeeper. Both his parents died while he was still a child and his uncle, Fr James Duffy, who was the Catholic parish priest of Castleblayney, became his guardian for a number of years.\n\n", "Q157245": "Andrew Michael Spence (born November 7, 1943, Montclair, New Jersey) is a Canadian American economist and recipient of the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, along with George Akerlof and Joseph E. Stiglitz, for their work on the dynamics of information flows and market development.", "Q880405": "Curtis Eugene Cross (born August 14, 1983), better known by his stage name Black Milk, is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer.\n\n", "Q535151": "Nicolae Manolescu (Romanian pronunciation: [niko\u02c8la.e mano\u02c8lesku]; b. 27 November 1939, R\u00e2mnicu V\u00e2lcea) is a Romanian literary critic. As an editor of Rom\u00e2nia Literar\u0103 literary magazine, he has reached a record in reviewing books for almost 30 years. Elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy in 1997, he was upgraded to titular member in 2013.\nDuring the civil unrest of the 1960s, because of critical opinions voiced against Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej and the Romanian Communist regime, he was expelled from the University of Bucharest, where he was studying philology.\nAfter the Romanian Revolution of 1989, he was a founding member of the Civic Alliance in November 1990, and, after July 1991, began a political career as leader of the minor Civic Alliance Party (PAC), a group that had split from the Alliance to pursue a more political activism, being its candidate for presidency in the 1992 elections; Manolescu subsequently represented the party in the Senate. In 1993 Nicolae Manolescu was a leader of a short lived PNL, a Romanian political party which in 1998 had merged with the National Liberal Party. Prior to its merge, Manolescu was its leader during the 1996 Romanian general election. Until 2000, he was a member of the PNL National Council, when he resigned from this position and retreated from political life.\nManolescu has published over 40 volumes on Romanian literature, the most acclaimed being A Critical History of Romanian Literature (vol.1) and a history of Romanian novels, entitled Arca lui Noe. His distinction between \"doric\", \"ionic\", and \"corinthic\" novels originated in the traditional orders of the columns of Ancient Greek temples, and covers the distinction between realistic, psychological first person narratives and contemporary, postmodern novels. He has also been the host of the popular Profesiunea mea, cultura (\"My Profession Is Culture\"), a talk show on cultural matters, aired by Pro TV between 1998 and 2001.He is a professor at the University of Bucharest, from which he has received a Ph.D. in Letters. He is the President of the Romanian Writers' Union, and was designated the Romanian ambassador to UNESCO in 2006.", "Q9582": "Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913 \u2013 December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th president of the United States from August 1974 to January 1977. Before his accession to the presidency, Ford served as the 40th vice president of the United States from December 1973 to August 1974. Ford is the only person to have served as both vice president and president without being elected to either office by the Electoral College.\nBorn in Omaha, Nebraska, and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Ford attended the University of Michigan and Yale Law School. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, he enlisted in the U.S. Naval Reserve, serving from 1942 to 1946; he left as a lieutenant commander. Ford began his political career in 1949 as the U.S. representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district. He served in this capacity for 25 years, the final nine of them as the House Minority Leader. In December 1973, two months after the resignation of Spiro Agnew, Ford became the first person appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment by President Richard Nixon. After the subsequent resignation of President Nixon in August 1974, Ford immediately assumed the presidency. His 895 day-long presidency is the shortest in U.S. history for any president who did not die in office.\nAs president, Ford signed the Helsinki Accords, which marked a move toward d\u00e9tente in the Cold War. With the collapse of South Vietnam nine months into his presidency, U.S. involvement in Vietnam essentially ended. Domestically, Ford presided over the worst economy in the four decades since the Great Depression, with growing inflation and a recession during his tenure. In one of his most controversial acts, he granted a presidential pardon to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal. During Ford's presidency, foreign policy was characterized in procedural terms by the increased role Congress began to play, and by the corresponding curb on the powers of the President. In the Republican presidential primary campaign of 1976, Ford defeated former California Governor Ronald Reagan for the Republican nomination. He narrowly lost the presidential election to the Democratic challenger, former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter.\nFollowing his years as president, Ford remained active in the Republican Party. His moderate views on various social issues increasingly put him at odds with conservative members of the party in the 1990s and early 2000s. In retirement, Ford set aside the enmity he had felt towards Carter following the 1976 election, and the two former presidents developed a close friendship. After experiencing a series of health problems, he died at home on December 26, 2006.", "Q235478": "Shelley Alexis Duvall (born July 7, 1949) is an American former actress, producer, writer, and singer. Over the duration of her career, Duvall was praised for her portrayals of various eccentric characters. Her accolades include a Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress, a Peabody Award, two Emmy Award nominations, and a BAFTA Award nomination.\nA native of Texas, Duvall began her career in the 1970s appearing in various films by director Robert Altman, including Brewster McCloud (1970), McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971), Thieves Like Us (1974), Nashville (1975), and 3 Women (1977), the latter of which won her the Cannes Award for Best Actress and a BAFTA nomination for Best Actress. She had a supporting role in Annie Hall (1977) before starring in lead roles as Olive Oyl in Altman's Popeye (1980), and Wendy Torrance in Stanley Kubrick's horror film The Shining (1980). She subsequently appeared in Terry Gilliam's fantasy film Time Bandits (1981), the short comedy-horror film Frankenweenie (1984), and the comedy Roxanne (1987).\nIn the 1980s, Duvall ventured into producing television programming aimed at children and youth. Between 1982 and 1987, she created, hosted, and appeared in Faerie Tale Theatre, a live-action anthology series based on popular fairy tales. She subsequently created and hosted Tall Tales & Legends (1985\u20131987), which earned an Emmy Award nomination in 1988, followed by the young adult-aimed horror series Nightmare Classics (1989), which she created and produced.\nIn the 1990s, Duvall continued to appear in film, including supporting roles in Steven Soderbergh's thriller The Underneath (1995), and the Henry James adaptation The Portrait of a Lady (1996), directed by Jane Campion. Duvall's most recent performance was in Manna from Heaven (2002), after which she retired from acting.", "Q3241949": "Lionel Guy Stol\u00e9ru (22 November 1937 \u2013 30 November 2016) was a French politician and civil servant. He was also an orchestra founder and conductor.His father, Ilie, was a Romanian immigrant from Vaslui. Stol\u00e9ru was born in Nantes and attended the Ecole Polytechnique, where he studied to be a mining engineer and graduated in 1956. Stol\u00e9ru continued his studies at the Ecole des Mines de Paris, and also did graduate studies at Stanford University in the US, earning a doctorate in economics with Kenneth Arrow.\nFrom 1963 to 1965, Stol\u00e9ru was a mining engineer in the Douai arrondissement. He was an academic at the Ecole Polytechnique (Paris), and later at the Ecole des Mines de Paris, between 1969 and 1988. He also served in the cabinet of French President Val\u00e9ry Giscard d'Estaing as an economic advisor, beginning in 1969. He subsequently held several administrative posts in several French governments:\n\nSecr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat charg\u00e9 de la condition des travailleurs manuels (1974\u20131978)\nSecr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat charg\u00e9 des travailleurs manuels et immigr\u00e9s (1978\u20131981)\nSecr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat aupr\u00e8s du Premier ministre, charg\u00e9 du Plan (1988\u20131991)Stol\u00e9ru learned the piano in his early years. In 1988, he formed the Orchestre Romantique Europ\u00e9en (ORE), and remained affiliated with the ORE until its disbandment in 2013. He was named a Commander of the Legion of Honour in December 2015.\nStol\u00e9ru and his wife Francine Wolff, who died in 2009, had one daughter, Emmanuelle.", "Q966194": "Erwin Stricker (15 August 1950 \u2013 28 September 2010) was an Italian alpine skier who competed in the 1972 Winter Olympics and 1976 Winter Olympics.\nCavallo pazzo (in English Crazy horse), that was his nickname, was the first skier after Karl Schranz and Jean-Claude Killy to enter the first group of merit of all the specialties foreseen at his time (downhill, giant slalom and special slalom).", "Q107472": "Peter Tamm (12 May 1928 \u2013 29 December 2016) was a German journalist and collector. His collection formed the basis for the founding of Hamburg's International Maritim Museum in 2008.\n\n", "Q360445": "Nick Holonyak Jr. (born November 3, 1928) is an American engineer and educator. He is noted particularly for his 1962 invention of a light-emitting diode (LED) that emitted visible red light instead of infrared light; Holonyak was then working at General Electric's research laboratory in Syracuse, New York. He is a John Bardeen Endowed Chair Emeritus in Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he has been since leaving General Electric in 1963.", "Q12091": "Henry Dunant (born Jean-Henri Dunant; 8 May 1828 \u2013 30 October 1910), also known as Henri Dunant, was a Swiss humanitarian, businessman and social activist. He was the visionary, promoter and co-founder of the Red Cross. \nDuring a business trip in 1859, Dunant was witness to the aftermath of the Battle of Solferino in modern-day Italy. He recorded his memories and experiences in the book A Memory of Solferino which inspired the creation of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1863. The 1864 Geneva Convention was based on Dunant's idea for an independent organisation to care for wounded soldiers. \nDunant was the founder of the Swiss branch of the Young Men's Christian Association YMCA.\nIn 1901 he received the first Nobel Peace Prize together with Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Passy, making Dunant the first Swiss Nobel laureate.", "Q3314974": "Min Hla (Burmese: \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u103e, pronounced [m\u026a\u0301\u0274 l\u0325a\u0330]; also known as Min Hla Nge, \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u103e\u1004\u101a\u103a [m\u026a\u0301\u0274 l\u0325a\u0330 \u014b\u025b\u0300], \"lit. Min Hla the Young\"; 1417\u20131425) was king of Ava for three months in 1425. The eldest child of King Thihathu of Ava (r. 1421\u20131425) was only 8 when he was placed on the throne by the court, following the assassination of his father. The boy king too was assassinated three months later by Queen Shin Bo-Me, who had arranged his father's assassination. He was succeeded by Prince Nyo of Kale Kye-Taung, Bo-Me's lover.", "Q896267": "Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University is a major research university located on the European side of the Bosphorus strait in Istanbul, Turkey. It has four faculties and two schools offering undergraduate degrees, and six institutes offering graduate degrees. The language of instruction is English.\nFounded in 1863, as Robert College, it is the first American higher education institution founded outside the United States. Though under entirely Turkish administration today, the university still maintains strong ties to the American educational system.\nBo\u011fazi\u00e7i University consistently ranks highest in Turkey, having the greatest number of applicants via the YGS-LYS Turkish university entrance examinations. The well-known programs are electrical and electronics engineering , computer engineering , and industrial engineering . Only the top 800 of the approximately 1.8 million participants in the annual Turkish university entrance examination (YGS-LYS) are admitted to register for these subjects at the University. To be admitted into other degree programs, one usually has to be in the top 1% of the university entrance exam as well. This allows Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University to attract many of the highest scoring students; as well as having the most preferred applied science, education, engineering, and social science programs in Turkey.", "Q1955997": "Charles Coypeau (16 October 1605 Paris \u2013 29 October 1677, Paris) was a French musician and burlesque poet. In the mid-1630s he began using the nom de plume D'Assouci or Dassoucy.", "Q6869": "Heidenheim an der Brenz (short: Heidenheim) is a town in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in southern Germany. It is located near the border with Bavaria, approximately 17 km south of Aalen and 33 km north of Ulm. Heidenheim is the largest town and the seat of the district of Heidenheim, and ranks third behind Aalen and Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd in size among the towns in the region of East W\u00fcrttemberg. Heidenheim is the economic center for all the communities in Heidenheim district and is the headquarters of the Voith industrial company. The town's population passed the 20,000 mark in 1925. Heidenheim collaborates with the town of Nattheim in administrative matters.\nThe residents of Heidenheim and its surrounding area speak the distinct German dialect of Swabian.", "Q7194391": "\"Pilot\" is the first episode of the American serial drama The West Wing.", "Q437034": "Linda Cristal (Spanish: [k\u027eis\u02c8tal]; born Marta Victoria Moya Peggo Burges, February 23, 1934) is an Argentine-American actress. She appeared in a number of Western films during the 1950s, before winning a Golden Globe Award for her performance in the 1958 comedy film The Perfect Furlough.\nFrom 1967 to 1971, Cristal starred as Victoria Cannon in the NBC series The High Chaparral. For her performance she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama in 1970, and received two Emmy Award nominations.", "Q151634": "Ace of Base is a Swedish pop group, originally consisting of Ulf Ekberg and three siblings, Jonas Berggren, Linn Berggren and Jenny Berggren.\nHappy Nation (reissued as The Sign) is one of the best-selling debut albums of all time, and was certified nine times platinum in the United States. It was the first debut album to produce three No. 1 singles on the Billboard Mainstream Top 40 chart: \"All That She Wants\", \"The Sign\" and \"Don't Turn Around\".Following the formal departure of singer Linn in 2007, the band performed a series of concerts as a trio in Europe and Asia between 2007 and 2009. Jenny Berggren said in November 2009 that she would be taking an indefinite leave of absence from the band to focus on a solo career. In 2009, Jonas and Ulf recruited two new female vocalists, Clara Hagman and Julia Williamson, and released The Golden Ratio in September 2010.Hagman and Williamson both departed from the group in 2012, and in March 2015, the compilation album Hidden Gems featuring unreleased songs and B-sides from the group's inception through 2005 was released, with promotion for the album being handled solely by Jonas and Ulf.\nDespite not being active after 2015, alongside the departures of all four vocalists, Jonas and Ulf never left Ace of Base, and the group itself has never officially disbanded.", "Q274342": "Tatyana Nikitichna Tolstaya (Russian: \u0422\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f; born 3 May 1951) is a Russian writer, TV host, publicist, novelist, and essayist from the Tolstoy family, known for her fiction and \"acerbic essays on contemporary Russian life\".", "Q690569": "Karl Swenson (July 23, 1908 \u2013 October 8, 1978) was an American theatre, radio, film, and television actor. Early in his career, he was credited as Peter Wayne.", "Q278550": "Random Hearts is a 1999 American romantic drama film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Harrison Ford and Kristin Scott Thomas. Based on the 1984 novel of the same name by Warren Adler, the film is about a police officer and a Congresswoman who discover that their spouses were having an affair prior to being killed in an air disaster.", "Q95868": "Willhelm Hammann (25 February 1897 in Biebesheim am Rhein \u2013 26 July 1955 in R\u00fcsselsheim) was a German educator and communist politician. A town councilor and a member of the provincial parliament of Hesse in the 1920s, he was imprisoned in Buchenwald concentration camp from 1938 to 1945. In April 1945, Hammann, who was the block\u00e4lteste of the children's barrack, sabotaged the planned movement of Jews on a death march to a certain extermination. Yad Vashem awarded Hammann the title of \"Righteous among the Nations\". Yisrael Meir Lau, current chairman (as of May 2010) of Yad Vashem Council, was one of the children saved by Hammann.\nIn 1946, the American authorities questioned Hammann's real role as a privileged prisoner, accused him of active collaboration with the SS and imprisoned him at Dachau concentration camp. Hammann was acquitted by the Buchenwald Trial in May 1947. He became a hero in East Germany posthumously when propagandists elevated the antifascist resistance in Buchenwald to the level of a foundational myth of the DDR. Attempts to honour his name in the united Germany failed due to his commitment to communism.", "Q399976": "Palm Desert is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, in the Coachella Valley, approximately 14 miles (23 km) east of Palm Springs, 121 miles (194 km) northeast of San Diego and 122 miles (196 km) east of Los Angeles. The population was 48,445 at the 2010 census, up from 41,155 at the 2000 census. The city was one of the state's fastest growing in the 1980s and 1990s, beginning with 11,801 residents in 1980, doubling to 23,650 in 1990, 35,000 in 1995, and nearly double its 1990 population by 2000. A major center of growth in the Coachella Valley, Palm Desert is a popular retreat for \"snowbirds\" from colder climates (the Eastern and Northern United States, and Canada), who swell its population by an estimated 31,000 each winter. In the past couple of years Palm Desert has seen more residents become \"full-timers\", mainly from the coasts and urban centers of California, who have come for both affordable and high-valued home prices.", "Q49903": "All Good Things is a 2010 American mystery/crime romantic drama film directed by Andrew Jarecki and written by Marcus Hinchey. Inspired by the life of accused murderer Robert Durst, it stars Ryan Gosling, Kirsten Dunst, and Frank Langella. Gosling portrays the wealthy son of a New York real estate tycoon (Langella) who develops a volatile relationship with his wife (Dunst) and becomes suspected of a series of murders, as well as his wife's unsolved disappearance.\nAll Good Things was filmed between April and July 2008 in Connecticut and New York. Originally scheduled for a July 24, 2009 release, the film ultimately received a limited release in December 3, 2010.Durst professed admiration for the film and, after previously not cooperating with journalists, offered to be interviewed by Jarecki. Durst would ultimately sit with Jarecki for more than 20 hours over a multi-year period, which led to the six-part documentary miniseries The Jinx in 2015.", "Q78506": "Ingeborg Bachmann (25 June 1926 \u2013 17 October 1973) was an Austrian poet and author.", "Q104153": "Hans K. Ziegler (March 1, 1911, Munich, Germany \u2013 December 11, 1999 Colts Neck Township, New Jersey, United States) was a pioneer in the field of communication satellites and the use of photovoltaic solar cells as a power source for satellites.", "Q142106": "Eleanor Alice Hibbert (n\u00e9e Burford; 1 September 1906 \u2013 18 January 1993) was an English author who combined imagination with facts to bring history alive through novels of fiction and romance. She was a prolific writer who published several books a year in different literary genres, each genre under a different pen name: Jean Plaidy for fictionalized history of European royalty; Victoria Holt for gothic romances, and Philippa Carr for a multi-generational family saga. A literary split personality, she also wrote light romances, crime novels, murder mysteries and thrillers under the various pseudonyms including Eleanor Burford, Elbur Ford, Kathleen Kellow, Anna Percival, and Ellalice Tate.\nIn 1989, the Romance Writers of America gave her the Golden Treasure award in recognition of her significant contributions to the romance genre. By the time of her death, she had written more than 200 books that worldwide sold more than 100 million copies in 20 languages. She continues to be a widely borrowed author among lending libraries. Her popular works of historical fiction are appreciated by readers and critics alike for their accuracy, quality of writing, and attention to detail.", "Q915152": "Progressive house is a style (subgenre) of house music. The progressive house style emerged in the early 1990s. It initially developed in the United Kingdom as a natural progression of American and European house music of the late 1980s.", "Q3939": "Dinslaken is a town in the district of Wesel, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is known for its harness racing track, its now closed coal mine in Lohberg and its wealthy neighborhoods Hiesfeld and Eppinghoven.", "Q509680": "Jos\u00e9 Agostinho de Macedo (11 September 1761 \u2013 2 October 1831) was a Portuguese poet and prose writer. He was born in Beja to a plebeian family, and studied Latin and rhetoric with the Oratorians in Lisbon, Portugal. He became professed as an Augustinian in 1778, but owing to his turbulent character he spent a great part of his time in prison,and was constantly being transferred from one convent to another, finally giving up the monastic habit to live licentiously in the capital.\nIn 1792 he was unfrocked, but by the aid of powerful friends he obtained a papal brief which secularized him and permitted him to retain his ecclesiastical status. Taking to journalism and preaching he now made for himself a substantial living and a unique position. In a short time he was recognized as the leading pulpit orator of the day, and in 1802 he became one of the royal preachers.\nMacedo was the first to introduce from abroad and to cultivate didactic and descriptive poetry, the best example of which is his notable transcendental poem Meditation (1813). His made an attempt to supersede Lu\u00eds de Cam\u00f5es as Portugal's greatest poet, and in 1814 he produced Oriente, an epic dealing with the same subject as the Os Lus\u00edadas, namely Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India. This amended paraphrase met with a cold reception, whereupon Macedo published his Censura dos Lusiadas, containing a minute examination and virulent indictment of Cam\u00f5es.\nMacedo founded and wrote for a large number of journals, and the tone and temper of these and his political pamphlets induced his leading biographer to name him the chief libeller of Portugal, though at the time his jocular and satirical style gained him popular favor. An extreme adherent of absolutism, he expended all his powers of invective against the Constitutionalists, and advocated a general massacre of the opponents of the Miguelist r\u00e9gime. Notwithstanding his priestly office and old age, he continued his aggressive journalistic campaign, until his own party, feeling that he was damaging the cause by his excesses, threatened him with proceedings, which caused him in 1829 to resign the post of censor of books for the Ordinary, to which he had been appointed in 1824.\nWhen he died in 1831 he left behind him many friends, a host of admirers, and a great but ephemeral literary reputation. His ambition to rank as the king of letters led to his famous conflict with Bocage, whose poem Pena de Taliao was perhaps the hardest blow Macedo ever received. His malignity reached its height in a satirical poem in six cantos, Os Burros (1812\u20131814), in which he pilloried by name men and women of all grades of society, living and dead, with the utmost licence of expression. His translation of the Odes of Horace, and his dramatic attempts, are only of value as evidence of the extraordinary versatility of the man, but his treatise, if his it be, A Demonstration of the Existence of God, at least proves his possession of very high mental powers. As a poet, his odes on Wellington and the emperor Alexander show true inspiration, and the poems of the same nature in his Lyra anacreontica, addressed to his mistress, have considerable merit.\n\n", "Q102522": "Paul Alfred Kleinert is a German writer, editor and translator.\n\nKleinert was born in Leipzig in 1960 with family roots in Silesia and Danzig. He studied theology and did theological and celtic studies in East Berlin at Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin (HU Berlin) and West Berlin at Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin (Free University of Berlin, FU Berlin), Edinburgh at University of Edinburgh and Dublin. His main areas of interest are poetry, short stories and translation from classical languages. He has lived and worked in Kreuzberg in Berlin since 1986.", "Q810980": "Battle Beast is a Finnish heavy metal / power metal band established in Helsinki in 2005. The initial line-up consisted of guitarists, Juuso Soinio and Anton Kabanen, and drummer Pyry Vikki, who were high school friends. The rest of the original lineup, bassist Eero Sipil\u00e4, keytarist Janne Bj\u00f6rkroth, and lead singer Nitte Valo, joined the band after auditions.", "Q323540": "Konrad Gustav Knudsen (19 August 1890 - 16 June 1959) was a Norwegian painter, journalist, and parliamentarian. Knudsen is perhaps best known for inviting Leon Trotsky to live at his house when the Norwegian government granted Trotsky political asylum in June 1935.Konrad Knudsen was born in Drammen, and was a painter like his father. He finished accounting training in 1904 and worked as a painter in Drammen until 1908 when he travelled to the United States. In the US he worked as a painter, lumberjack and a construction worker, and then became editor of the socialist publication Social-Demokraten. In 1920, Knudsen was one of the leading figures in the Scandinavian Socialist Federation that sided with the Communist International.Knudsen returned to Drammen in 1920 and worked as a painter foreman until 1923, before he then got a job as an editor in the newspaper Fremtiden. From 1921, Knudsen held various positions within the Labour Party, and was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in October 1936, a position he would hold for the next 21 years, including in the 1940\u20131945 government in exile.Knudsen was married to his wife Hilda, and they had two children, daughter Hj\u00f8rdis, and son Borgar. \nIn June 1935, Knudsen invited Leon Trotsky and Natalia Sedova to live at his house, following their arrival in Norway after the French government had told Trotsky that he was no longer welcome in France. For over a year, Trotsky and his wife stayed at Knudsen's house at Norderhov outside the small city of H\u00f8nefoss, not far from the Norwegian capital Oslo, although Trotsky was hospitalized at the Oslo Community Hospital for a few weeks in the autumn of 1935. During his time living at Knudsen's house, Trotsky wrote one of his most famous books, The Revolution Betrayed, a book which was completed and sent to the publisher on 4 August 1936, just prior to the infamous Trial of the Sixteen, one of the Moscow show trials. \nAfter a break-in at Knudsen's house by a Norwegian fascist Nasjonal Samling militia on 5 August 1936 and the Trial of the Sixteen Moscow show trial later that month, the Norwegian Minister of Justice, Trygve Lie, eventually ordered on 2 September 1936 that Trotsky and Sedova be evicted from Knudsen's house to a farm at Hurum, where Trotsky and Sedova were placed under house arrest and kept indoors for 22 hours per day, due to the mounting diplomatic pressure put on the Norwegian authorities by the Joseph Stalin led Soviet government. Trotsky and Sedova were deported from Norway on 19 December 1936, when they were placed on the Norwegian oil tanker Ruth which arrived in Mexico on 9 January 1937. \nDuring World War II, during the Nazi invasion of Norway from April to June 1940, Knudsen fled to the USA, the Norwegian government moved to exile in London, United Kingdom, and Knudsen then went first to Sweden, then to Canada and then the USA, working for the Norwegian government in exile information service, and with the office of the Norwegian Auditor General.From 1949 to 1957, Knudsen was Auditor General.", "Q893337": "Borba (\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0430 in Serbian Cyrillic) was a Serbian newspaper, formerly the official gazette of the Yugoslav Communist Party (KPJ). Its name is the Serbian word for 'struggle' or 'combat'.", "Q89299": "Emil Schlagintweit (7 July 1835 \u2013 29 October 1904) was a German scholar noted for his work on Buddhism in Tibet.", "Q983656": "Michalis Papakonstantinou (Greek: \u039c\u03b9\u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5; November 1, 1919 \u2013 January 17, 2010) was a Greek politician and author. He studied law at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Papakonstantinou served as the Minister for Foreign Affairs from August 7, 1992, until October 13, 1993, as a member of the New Democracy Party.He regularly wrote as a columnist in newspapers in both Athens and Thessaloniki. He also contributed to Greek and foreign magazines as a writer.Papakonstantinou was born in Kozani, Greece, in 1919. He died on January 17, 2010, at the age of 90.\n\n", "Q65231": "Hausen am Albis is a village in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q1452481": "Frederick L. Robinson (February 20, 1901, Memphis, Tennessee - April 11, 1984, New York City) was an American jazz trombonist.\nRobinson learned to play trombone as a teenager, and studied music in Ohio before moving to Chicago, where he played in Carroll Dickerson's orchestra. Robinson played on Louis Armstrong's Hot Five recordings and continued working with both Dickerson and Armstrong until late 1929, when he took a position in Edgar Hayes's band. In the 1930s he worked extensively as a sideman, with Marion Hardy, Don Redman, Benny Carter, Charlie Turner, Fletcher Henderson, and Fats Waller. In 1939-1940 he was in Andy Kirk's band, and played later in the 1940s with George James, Cab Calloway, and Sy Oliver. Early in the 1950s he worked with Noble Sissle, but after 1954 he was less active as a performer.", "Q90910": "Viktor de Kowa (also spelled Victor de Kowa, born Victor Paul Karl Kowalczyk; 8 March 1904 \u2013 8 April 1973) was a German stage and film actor, chanson singer, director, narrator and comic poet.", "Q695411": "Palm Beach is an incorporated town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. Located on an island in east-central Palm Beach County, the town is separated from several neighboring cities including West Palm Beach and Lake Worth Beach because of the Intracoastal Waterway to its west, though Palm Beach borders a small section of the latter and South Palm Beach at its southern boundaries. As of 2010 census, Palm Beach had a year-round population of 8,348 and an estimated population of 8,802 in 2018, with an increase to approximately 25,000 people between November and April.\nSettlers began arriving in modern-day Palm Beach as early as 1872 and opened a post office about five years later. Elisha Newton \"Cap\" Dimick, later the town's first mayor, established Palm Beach's first hotel, the Cocoanut Grove House, in 1880. However, it was Standard Oil tycoon Henry Flagler who became instrumental in transforming the island of jungles and swamps into a winter resort for the wealthy. Flagler and his workers constructed the Royal Poinciana Hotel in 1894, The Breakers in 1896, and Whitehall in 1902; extended Florida East Coast Railway southward to the area by 1894; and developed a separate city to house hotel workers, which later became West Palm Beach. The town of Palm Beach officially incorporated on April 17, 1911. \nThe town remains well-known for its past and present famous and wealthy full-time and part-time residents, including United States presidents John F. Kennedy and Donald Trump. In 2018, Palm Beach ranked as 27th-wealthiest place in the United States according to Bloomberg News. Palm Beach is also noted for upscale shopping districts such as Worth Avenue, Royal Poinciana Plaza, and the Royal Poinciana Way Historic District.", "Q1221634": "The Wiss Platte (also known as Weissplatte or Wei\u00dfplatte) is a mountain in the R\u00e4tikon range of the Alps, located on the border between Austria and Switzerland. It lies between Schruns (Vorarlberg) and St. Ant\u00f6nien (Graub\u00fcnden).", "Q111238": "Johanna Gastdorf (born 1959) is a German actress. She has appeared in more than 100 films and television shows since 1993.\n\n", "Q109477": "Amalie Haizinger, or Neumann-Haizinger, n\u00e9e Morstadt (6 May 1800 Karlsruhe - 10 August 1884 Vienna) was a German actress.\n\n", "Q108769": "Heinrich Fleissner (born 27 May 1888 in Hirschberg, Thuringia, died 22 April 1959 in Leipzig) was a German politician (USPD / SPD / SED), and chief of police in Leipzig.", "Q110126": "Hrant Dink (Armenian: \u0540\u0580\u0561\u0576\u057f \u0534\u056b\u0576\u0584; Western Armenian pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u027eant\u02b0 \u02c8di\u014bk\u02b0]; 15 September 1954 \u2013 19 January 2007) was a Turkish-Armenian intellectual, editor-in-chief of Agos, journalist and columnist.As editor-in-chief of the bilingual Turkish-Armenian newspaper Agos, Dink was a prominent member of the Armenian minority in Turkey. Dink was best known for advocating Turkish\u2013Armenian reconciliation and human and minority rights in Turkey; he was often critical of both Turkey's denial of the Armenian Genocide, and of the Armenian diaspora's campaign for its international recognition. Dink was prosecuted three times for denigrating Turkishness, while receiving numerous death threats from Turkish nationalists.Dink was assassinated in Istanbul on January 19, 2007 by Og\u00fcn Samast, a 17-year-old Turkish nationalist. Dink was shot three times in the head and died instantly. Photographs of the assassin flanked by smiling Turkish police and gendarmerie, posing with the killer side by side in front of the Turkish flag, surfaced. The photos sparked a scandal in Turkey, prompting a spate of investigations and the removal from office of those involved. Samast was later sentenced to 22 years in prison by a Turkish court; he remains incarcerated.\nAt Dink's funeral, over one hundred thousand mourners marched in protest of the assassination, chanting, \"We are all Armenians\" and \"We are all Hrant Dink\". Criticism of Article 301 became increasingly vocal after his death, leading to parliamentary proposals for repeal. The 2007\u20132008 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour.", "Q53783": "Enver Hoxha ( HOJ-\u0259, Albanian: [\u025bn\u02c8v\u025b\u027e \u02c8h\u0254d\u0292a] (listen); 16 October 1908 \u2013 11 April 1985) was an Albanian communist politician who served as the Prime Minister of Albania, as the First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania, from 1944 until his death in 1985. He was chairman of the Democratic Front of Albania, commander-in-chief of the armed forces from 1944 until his death. He served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Albania from 1944 to 1954 and at various times served as foreign minister and defence minister as well.\nBorn in Gjirokast\u00ebr in 1908, Hoxha became a teacher in grammar school in 1936. Following Italy's invasion of Albania, he joined the Party of Labour of Albania at its creation in 1941. Hoxha was elected First Secretary in March 1943 at the age of 34. The Yugoslav Partisans assisted the Albanians. Less than two years after the liberation of the country, the monarchy was abolished, King Zog was deposed and Hoxha rose to power as the head of state of Albania.\n40 Years of Socialist Albania, an Albanian publication from 1984, describes how during his four-decade rule, he focused on rebuilding the country, which was left in ruins after WWII, building Albania's first railway line, raising the adult literacy rate from 5% to 98%, eliminating epidemics, electrifying the country and leading Albania towards becoming agriculturally self-sufficient. Detractors criticize him for a series of political repressions which included the establishment and use of forced labor camps, extrajudicial killings and executions that targeted and eliminated dissidents, a large number of which were carried out by the Sigurimi secret police.\nHoxha's government was characterized by his proclaimed firm adherence to anti-revisionist Marxism\u2013Leninism from the mid-1970s onwards. After his break with Maoism in the 1976\u20131978 period, numerous Maoist parties around the world declared themselves Hoxhaist. The International Conference of Marxist\u2013Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) is the best-known association of these parties today.", "Q16828885": "Dappula II was King of Anuradhapura in the 9th century, whose reign lasted from 807 to 812. He succeeded his father Mahinda II as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by his son Mahinda III.\nThere was a revolt at the commencement of his reign by the chieftains of the north east of the island. His eldest son was sent with an army to subdue the rebels. The King was waiting near Minneriya when he received the news that both the prince and his general (Senapathi) had joined the rebels. The king proceeded to Duratissa with the main army and defeated the rebels. The rebels including the renegade prince and the general were slain with the rebel leaders. For the remainder of his reign, the King resided at Polonnaruwa.\nThere was a chieftain named Dhatasiva (Datopatissa) raising the flag of rebellion in Rohana. His son Mahinda ran away from the father and arrived at the King Dappula II court seeking his help against the father. The King was impressed with the young man and gave his Daughter Daeva in marriage.", "Q451399": "Edge of Darkness is a British television drama serial produced by BBC Television in association with Lionheart Television International and originally broadcast in six fifty-five-minute episodes in late 1985. A mixture of crime drama and political thriller, it revolves around the efforts of policeman Ronald Craven (played by Bob Peck) to unravel the truth behind the murder of his daughter Emma (played by Joanne Whalley). Craven's investigations soon lead him into a murky world of government and corporate cover-ups and nuclear espionage, pitting him against dark forces that threaten the future of life on Earth.\nWriter Troy Kennedy Martin was greatly influenced by the political climate of the time, dominated by the Thatcher government, and the aura of secrecy surrounding the nuclear industry \u2013 and by the implications of the Gaia hypothesis of environmentalist James Lovelock; these combined to his crafting a thriller that mingled real world concerns with mythic and mystical elements. Kennedy Martin's original ending was more fantastic than that eventually used in the finished serial: he had proposed that Craven would turn into a tree but this was vetoed by members of the cast and crew.\nFirst broadcast on BBC2, Edge of Darkness was met with such widespread critical acclaim that within days it had earned a repeat on BBC1. Winner of several prestigious awards, it remains highly regarded, often cited as one of the best and most influential pieces of British television drama. The series' director, Martin Campbell, filmed a remake, released in January 2010, starring Mel Gibson and set in the United States.", "Q44599": "Edward Thurlow, 1st Baron Thurlow, PC, KC (9 December 1731 \u2013 12 September 1806), was a British lawyer and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1765 to 1778 when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Thurlow. He served as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain for fourteen years and under four Prime Ministers.", "Q1144000": "The Communist University of the Toilers of the East (KUTV) (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430; also known as the Far East University) was a revolutionary training school for important Communist political leaders. The school operated under the umbrella of the Communist International and was in existence from 1921 until the late 1930s.", "Q1848": "The City of San Marino (Italian: Citt\u00e0 di San Marino) (also known simply as San Marino or locally as Citt\u00e0) is the capital city of the Republic of San Marino, Southern Europe. The city has a population of 4,044. It is on the western slopes of San Marino's highest point, Monte Titano.", "Q683515": "Stefan Pawe\u0142 Rowecki (pseudonym: Grot, \"Spearhead\", hence the alternate name, Stefan Grot-Rowecki, 25 December 1895 \u2013 2 August 1944) was a Polish general, journalist and the leader of the Armia Krajowa. He was murdered by the Gestapo in prison on the personal order of Heinrich Himmler.", "Q101995": "Wilhelm Koenen (7 April 1886 \u2013 19 October 1963) was a communist and an East German politician. He was married to Emmy Damerius-Koenen and was the father of Heinrich Koenen and Johanna Koenen.", "Q1701707": "Sir John Sealy Edward Townsend, FRS (7 June 1868 \u2013 16 February 1957) was an Irish mathematical physicist who conducted various studies concerning the electrical conduction of gases (concerning the kinetics of electrons and ions) and directly measured the electrical charge. He was a Wykeham Professor of physics at Oxford University.The phenomenon of the electron avalanche was discovered by him, and is known as the Townsend discharge.\n\n", "Q106022": "Alexander Tille (April 30, 1866 in Lauenstein \u2013 December 16, 1912 in Saarbr\u00fccken) was a German philosopher. He published the first English translation of Friedrich Nietzsche's Also sprach Zarathustra in 1896.", "Q887424": "Jos\u00e9 Sim\u00f3n Azcona del Hoyo (26 January 1927 \u2013 24 October 2005) was President of Honduras from 27 January 1986 to 27 January 1990 for the Liberal Party of Honduras (PLH). He was born in La Ceiba in Honduras.", "Q65557": "Lavin is a former municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Lavin and Susch merged into the municipality of Zernez.", "Q441834": "Naturi Cora Maria Naughton (born May 20, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Naughton is best known as one-third of the R&B group 3LW and for her acting roles in Fame, Notorious, where she played Lil' Kim, and The Playboy Club. Naughton was a series regular in season one of the Lifetime television drama series The Client List as Kendra. Naughton starred in the Starz drama Power as Tasha St. Patrick.", "Q920857": "Orange Jacobs (May 2, 1827 \u2013 May 21, 1914) was an American lawyer, newspaper publisher, and politician. His career in government centered on the Territory of Washington, for which he served as a delegate to the U.S. Congress, chief justice of the territory's supreme court, mayor of Seattle, and other roles.\nBorn near Geneseo, New York, Jacobs moved with his parents to Michigan Territory in 1831.\nHe attended the common schools, Albion College (in Michigan) and the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor.\nAfter studying law, he was admitted to the Michigan bar in 1851 and commenced practice in Sturgis, Michigan.\nHe moved to the Territory of Oregon in 1852 and settled in Jacksonville, Jackson County, where he continued the practice of law. There he edited and published the Jacksonville Sentinel until 1859, moving to the Territory of Washington sometime after 1860. Jacobs served as an associate justice of the supreme court of the Territory of Washington in 1869, and as chief justice of the supreme court from 1871 to 1875.\nJacobs was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses (March 4, 1875 \u2013 March 3, 1879).\nHe was not a candidate for renomination in 1878, resuming the practice of law in Seattle and serving as mayor of Seattle in 1880.\nThe University of Washington awarded Jacobs with its first ever honorary degree, a doctor of laws.\nHe served as a member of the Territorial council 1885\u20131887.\nHe served as a member of the Seattle charter revision commission in 1889 and the corporation counsel for the city of Seattle in 1890.\nHe served as judge of the superior court of King County 1896\u20131900.\nJacobs died in Seattle, May 21, 1914, and was interred in the city's Mount Pleasant Cemetery.", "Q349799": "Adam Keefe Horovitz (born October 31, 1966), better known as Ad-Rock or King Ad-Rock, is an American rapper, guitarist and actor. He was a member of the hip hop group the Beastie Boys. He is married to musician and feminist activist Kathleen Hanna.", "Q102244": "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is a 2002 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 1998 novel of the same name. The film is a sequel to the 2001 film Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and the second instalment in the Harry Potter film series. It was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman.\nThe film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger and is also the last film to feature Richard Harris as Professor Albus Dumbledore, due to his death that same year. Its story follows Harry Potter's second year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as the Heir of Salazar Slytherin opens the Chamber of Secrets, unleashing a monster that petrifies the school's denizens.\nThe film was released in theatres in the United Kingdom and the United States on 15 November 2002. It became a critical and commercial success, grossing $879 million at the box office worldwide. It was the second highest-grossing film of 2002 behind The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers. The movie was nominated for many awards including the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design, Best Sound, and Best Special Visual Effects. It was followed by six sequels, beginning with Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban in 2004 and ending with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2 in 2011, nearly ten years after the first film's release.", "Q115738": "Suzanne Curchod (1737 \u2013 6 May 1794) was a French-Swiss salonist and writer. She hosted one of the most celebrated salons of the Ancien R\u00e9gime. She also led the development of the Hospice de Charit\u00e9, a model small hospital in Paris that still exists today as the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital. She was the wife of French finance minister Jacques Necker, and is often referenced in historical documents as Madame Necker.\n\n", "Q37577": "John Calvin (;French: Jean Calvin [\u0292\u0251\u0303 kalv\u025b\u0303]; born Jehan Cauvin; 10 July 1509 \u2013 27 May 1564) was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism, aspects of which include the doctrines of predestination and of the absolute sovereignty of God in salvation of the human soul from death and eternal damnation, in which doctrines Calvin was influenced by and elaborated upon the Augustinian and other Christian traditions. Various Congregational, Reformed and Presbyterian churches, which look to Calvin as the chief expositor of their beliefs, have spread throughout the world.\nCalvin was a tireless polemic and apologetic writer who generated much controversy. He also exchanged cordial and supportive letters with many reformers, including Philipp Melanchthon and Heinrich Bullinger. In addition to his seminal Institutes of the Christian Religion, Calvin wrote commentaries on most books of the Bible, confessional documents, and various other theological treatises.\nCalvin was originally trained as a humanist lawyer. He broke from the Roman Catholic Church around 1530. After religious tensions erupted in widespread deadly violence against Protestant Christians in France, Calvin fled to Basel, Switzerland, where in 1536 he published the first edition of the Institutes. In that same year, Calvin was recruited by Frenchman William Farel to join the Reformation in Geneva, where he regularly preached sermons throughout the week; but the governing council of the city resisted the implementation of their ideas, and both men were expelled. At the invitation of Martin Bucer, Calvin proceeded to Strasbourg, where he became the minister of a church of French refugees. He continued to support the reform movement in Geneva, and in 1541 he was invited back to lead the church of the city.\nFollowing his return, Calvin introduced new forms of church government and liturgy, despite opposition from several powerful families in the city who tried to curb his authority. During this period, Michael Servetus, a Spaniard regarded by both Roman Catholics and Protestants as having a heretical view of the Trinity, arrived in Geneva. He was denounced by Calvin and burned at the stake for heresy by the city council. Following an influx of supportive refugees and new elections to the city council, Calvin's opponents were forced out. Calvin spent his final years promoting the Reformation both in Geneva and throughout Europe.", "Q5935202": "Payner LTD (Bulgarian: \"\u041fa\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\" \u041e\u041e\u0414) is an independent Bulgarian record label and production company. It was founded in 1990 by Bulgarian businessman Mitko Dimitrov. It is the biggest record label in the country with 80 artists currently signed in their roster. Originally Payner started with the production of audio and videotapes for the Bulgarian market and for exportations abroad. As of today, the company owns their own record studio, founded in 1995. 3 television channels - Planeta TV since 2002, Planeta Folk since 2007, and Planeta HD since 2010.\nAs well as 2 complexes - \"Prikazkite\" in Harmanli. Bulgaria and \"Planeta Payner\" in Dimitrovgrad.\nProduction facilities and the head office of Payner LTD are situated in Dimitrovgrad.", "Q432602": "David Kent Hidalgo (born October 6, 1954, in Los Angeles) is an American singer-songwriter, best known for his work with the band Los Lobos. Hidalgo frequently plays musical instruments such as accordion, violin, 6-string banjo, cello, requinto jarocho, percussion, drums and guitar as a session musician on other artists' releases.", "Q112057": "Ferdinand Bruckner (born Theodor Tagger; 26 August 1891, in Sofia, Bulgaria \u2013 5 December 1958, in Berlin) was an Austrian-German writer and theater manager. Although his works are relatively rarely revived, Krankheit der Jugend was put on at the Cottesloe stage of London's Royal National Theatre in 2009, under the title Pains of Youth. It was directed by Katie Mitchell and was met with very mixed reviews.", "Q132387": "Irakli Tsereteli (20 November 1881 \u2013 20 May 1959) was a Georgian politician and a leading spokesman of the Social Democratic Party of Georgia and later Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) during the era of the Russian Revolutions.\nTsereteli was born and raised in Georgia when it was part of the Russian Empire. A member of the Menshevik faction of the RSDLP, Tsereteli was elected to the Duma in 1907, where he gained fame for his oratory abilities. Shortly after entering the Duma, Tsereteli was arrested and charged with conspiracy to overthrow the Tsarist government, and exiled to Siberia. A dedicated Social Democrat who believed in the Menshevik ideology, Tsereteli was one of the leading figures of the movement in Russia. In 1915, during his Siberian exile, Tsereteli formed what would become known as Siberian Zimmerwaldism, which advocated for the role of the Second International in ending the war. He also developed the idea of \"Revolutionary Defensism\", the concept of a defensive war which only allowed for the defence of territory, and argued it was not being utilized.\nReturning to the government in the aftermath of the 1917 February Revolution, he took up a leading position in the Petrograd Soviet and accepted a position in the Russian Provisional Government as Minister of Post and Telegraph, and briefly as Minister of the Interior. Concerned that political fragmentation would lead to a civil war in Russia, Tsereteli strived to broker compromises between the various leftist factions in the Russian Revolution and was the force behind efforts to work together with the middle classes, to no avail. Renowned for his speaking ability, Tsereteli gained appreciation for his ability in this regard, giving impassioned speeches in the Duma and in the Petrograd Soviet. Uninterested in acquiring or maintaining political power, Tsereteli was much more concerned with inequality, and tried to solve that above all.\nAfter the Bolsheviks seized power of the Russian government during the October Revolution, Tsereteli returned to Georgia. He worked as a diplomat at the Paris Peace Conference, where he lobbied for international recognition and assistance for the newly independent Democratic Republic of Georgia; meaningful assistance largely failed to materialize before the Bolshevik-led Red Army invaded in 1921. An avowed internationalist, Tsereteli grew increasingly distant from the Georgian Mensheviks who gradually adopted more nationalist tendencies. He spent the rest of his life in exile, mainly in France, working with socialist organisations and writing on socialism, and died in New York in 1959.", "Q27764": "Louis Antoine L\u00e9on de Saint-Just (French pronunciation: \u200b[s\u025b\u0303\u0292yst]; 25 August 1767 \u2013 28 July 1794) was a Jacobin leader during the French Revolution. He was a close friend of Maximilien Robespierre and served as his most trusted ally during the period of Jacobin rule (1793\u201394) in the French First Republic. Saint-Just worked as a legislator and a military commissar, but he achieved a lasting reputation as the face of the Reign of Terror. He publicly delivered the condemnatory reports that emanated from Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety and defended the use of violence against opponents of the government. He supervised the arrests of some of the most famous figures of the Revolution and saw many of them off to the guillotine. For his unyielding severity, later writers dubbed him the \"Angel of Death\".\nFrom its beginning in 1789, the Revolution enthralled the young Saint-Just, who strove to take a leading role. Early on, he became a commander in his local National Guard unit. Shortly after reaching the minimum legal age of 25 in August 1792, he won election as a deputy to the National Convention in Paris. Despite his lack of record or influence, Saint-Just boldly denounced King Louis XVI from the speaker's rostrum and spearheaded a successful movement to have him executed. His audacity brought him political recognition and the lasting favor of Robespierre. Saint-Just joined him on the Committee of Public Safety and later served a term as President of the Convention. Along the way he was a primary draftsman of radical Jacobin legislation such as the Vent\u00f4se Decrees and the Constitution of 1793.\nDispatched as an overseer to the army during its rocky start in the French Revolutionary Wars, Saint-Just imposed severe discipline. At the same time, he ensured that the troops were protected by the new anti-aristocratic order promised by the Revolution. He was credited by many for the army's revival at the front. This success as a repr\u00e9sentant en mission led to two more visits to the front, including acclaimed participation in the major Battle of Fleurus.\nThroughout all his legislative and military work, Saint-Just remained most dedicated to his role as Robespierre's political defender. He publicly denounced enemies of the Jacobin government as conspirators, criminals, and traitors, and he was ruthless in his application of violence. He prepared death sentences for the centrist deputy Jacques Pierre Brissot and his fellow Girondins; for the extremist demagogue Jacques H\u00e9bert and his militant supporters; and for his own former colleague Georges Danton and other Jacobin critics of the Terror. As the death toll mounted, opponents ultimately found their footing. Saint-Just and Robespierre were arrested in the bloody coup of 9 Thermidor (27 July 1794) and executed the next day along with many of their allies. In most histories of the Revolution, their deaths at the guillotine mark the end of the Reign of Terror and the beginning of a new phase, the Thermidorean Reaction.", "Q208909": "Parlophone Records Limited (also known as Parlophone Records and Parlophone) is a German-British record label founded in Germany in 1896 by the Carl Lindstr\u00f6m Company as Parlophon. The British branch of the label was founded on 8 August 1923 as The Parlophone Company Limited (The Parlophone Co. Ltd.), which developed a reputation in the 1920s as a jazz record label. On 5 October 1926, the Columbia Graphophone Company acquired Parlophone's business, name, logo, and release library, and merged with the Gramophone Company on 31 March 1931 to become Electric & Musical Industries Limited (EMI). George Martin joined Parlophone in 1950 as assistant label manager, taking over as manager in 1955. Martin produced and released a mix of recordings, including by comedian Peter Sellers, pianist Mrs Mills, and teen idol Adam Faith.\nIn 1962, Martin signed the Beatles, at the time a struggling band from Liverpool. During the 1960s, when Cilla Black, Billy J. Kramer, the Fourmost, and the Hollies also signed, Parlophone became one of the world's most famous labels. For several years, Parlophone claimed the best-selling UK single, \"She Loves You\", and the best-selling UK album, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, both by the Beatles. The label placed seven singles at No. 1 during 1964, when it claimed top spot on the UK Albums Chart for 40 weeks. Parlophone continued as a division of EMI until it was merged into the Gramophone Co. on 1 July 1965. On 1 July 1973, the Gramophone Co. was renamed EMI Records Limited.\nOn 28 September 2012, regulators approved Universal Music Group's (UMG) planned acquisition of EMI on condition that its EMI Records group would be divested from the combined group. EMI Records Ltd. included Parlophone and other labels to be divested and were for a short time operated in a single entity known as the Parlophone Label Group (PLG), while UMG pended their sale. Warner Music Group (WMG) acquired Parlophone and PLG on 7 February 2013, making Parlophone their third flagship label alongside Warner and Atlantic. PLG was renamed Parlophone Records Limited in May 2013. Parlophone was the oldest of WMG's \"flagship\" record labels.", "Q211280": "Raymond Allen Liotta (Italian: [li\u02c8\u0254tta]; born December 18, 1954) is an American actor, voice actor and film producer.\nLiotta is known for playing Henry Hill in the crime drama Goodfellas (1990). His other roles include Ray Sinclair in Jonathan Demme's Something Wild (1986), for which he received a Golden Globe nomination, Shoeless Joe Jackson in Field of Dreams (1989), Officer Pete Davis in Unlawful Entry (1992), Officer Gary Figgis in Cop Land (1997), Paul Krendler in Hannibal (2001), Fred Jung in Blow (2001), Tommy Vercetti in the video game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (2002), Chief Gus Monroe in John Q (2002), Samuel Rhodes in Identity (2003), himself in Bee Movie (2007), Detective Harrison in Observe and Report (2009), Markie Trattman in Killing Them Softly (2012), and Peter Deluca in The Place Beyond the Pines (2012).\nHe also starred as Lieutenant Matt Wozniak in the television drama Shades of Blue (2016\u20132018).", "Q4398719": "Rose Hills Memorial Park is located in Whittier, California. It is owned and operated by Service Corporation International (formerly, Loewen Group).", "Q913245": "Brian Williams is a Welsh industrial musician, sound designer and film score composer. He is often credited for creating the dark ambient genre with albums recorded under the name Lustmord. His experimental work has been described as \"not traditionally 'musical'\" with \"more clearly visual aspects\".", "Q885233": "Bloodshot Records is an independent record label based in Chicago, Illinois that specializes in roots-infused indie rock, punk rock, and alternative country.", "Q380": "Facebook, Inc. is an American social media and technology company based in Menlo Park, California. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes, originally as TheFacebook.com\u2014today's Facebook, a popular global social networking website. Facebook is one of the world's most valuable companies. It is considered one of the Big Five technology companies along with Microsoft, Amazon, Apple, and Google.\nFacebook offers other products and services. It acquired Instagram, WhatsApp, and Oculus, and independently developed Facebook Messenger, Facebook Watch, and Facebook Portal.\n\n", "Q4924": "Isabella (Armenian: \u0536\u0561\u057a\u0565\u056c, romanized: Zabel), also Isabel ( 27 January 1216/ 25 January 1217 \u2013 23 January 1252) was queen regnant of Armenian Cilicia from 1219 until her death.\nShe was proclaimed queen under the regency of Adam of Baghras. But he was assassinated; and Constantine of Baberon (of the Hethumian family) was nominated as guardian. At this juncture, Raymond-Roupen, grandson of Roupen III (the elder brother of Isabella\u2019s father, King Leo I) set up a claim to the throne of Cilicia; but he was defeated, captured, and executed.Constantine of Barbaron was soon convinced to seek an alliance with Prince Bohemond IV of Antioch, and he arranged a marriage between the young princess and Philip, a son of Bohemond IV. Philip, however, offended the Armenians\u2019 sensibilities, and even despoiled the royal palace, sending the royal crown to Antioch; therefore, he was confined in a prison in Sis (now Kozan in Turkey), where he died, presumably poisoned.The unhappy young Isabella was forced to marry Constantine of Barbaron\u2019s son, Hethum; although for many years she refused to live with him, but in the end she relented. The apparent unification in marriage of the two principal dynastic forces of Cilicia (i.e., the Roupenids and the Hethumids) ended a century of dynastic and territorial rivalry and brought the Hethumids to the forefront of political dominance in Cilician Armenia.\nThe lawful heiress of the empire, Isabella, governed the country together with her husband, and led a pious, religious life. She was blessed for her good deeds and exemplary life by many children, the numerous offsprings of a famous race.", "Q144205": "Ben Fayot (born 25 June 1937 in Luxembourg City) is a Luxembourgish politician from the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP). Fayot sat in the Chamber of Deputies for five years from 1984. He was a Member of the European Parliament from 1989 until 1999, when he returned to the Chamber of Deputies. Since 2004, he has been the president of the LSAP's deputation in the Chamber of Deputies.\nBy profession, Fayot was a political historian, specialising in the history of socialism in Luxembourg. He is also a contributor to the daily Tageblatt newspaper on the topics related to socialism.", "Q40933": "Mar\u00eda Eva Duarte (7 May 1919 \u2013 26 July 1952), better known as Mar\u00eda Eva Duarte de Per\u00f3n, Eva Per\u00f3n and Evita, was the wife of Argentine President Juan Per\u00f3n (1895\u20131974) and First Lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death in 1952. She was born in poverty in the rural village of Los Toldos, in the Pampas, as the youngest of five children. In 1934 at the age of 15, she moved to the nation's capital of Buenos Aires to pursue a career as a stage, radio, and film actress. \nShe met Colonel Juan Per\u00f3n on 22 January 1944 during a charity event at the Luna Park Stadium to benefit the victims of an earthquake in San Juan, Argentina. The two were married the following year. Juan Per\u00f3n was elected President of Argentina in 1946; during the next six years, Eva Per\u00f3n became powerful within the pro-Peronist trade unions, primarily for speaking on behalf of labor rights. She also ran the Ministries of Labor and Health, founded and ran the charitable Eva Per\u00f3n Foundation, championed women's suffrage in Argentina, and founded and ran the nation's first large-scale female political party, the Women's Peronist Party.\nIn 1951, Eva Per\u00f3n announced her candidacy for the Peronist nomination for the office of Vice President of Argentina, receiving great support from the Peronist political base, low-income and working-class Argentines who were referred to as descamisados or \"shirtless ones\". Opposition from the nation's military and bourgeoisie, coupled with her declining health, ultimately forced her to withdraw her candidacy. In 1952, shortly before her death from cancer at 33, Eva Per\u00f3n was given the title of \"Spiritual Leader of the Nation\" by the Argentine Congress. She was given a state funeral upon her death, a prerogative generally reserved for heads of state.\nEva Per\u00f3n has become a part of international popular culture, most famously as the subject of the musical Evita (1976). Cristina \u00c1lvarez Rodr\u00edguez claims that Evita has never left the collective consciousness of Argentines. Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner, the first woman elected President of Argentina, claims that women of her generation owe a debt to Eva for \"her example of passion and combativeness\".\n\n", "Q219810": "Zombieland is a 2009 American post-apocalyptic zombie comedy film directed by Ruben Fleischer in his theatrical debut and written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick. The film stars Woody Harrelson, Jesse Eisenberg, Emma Stone, and Abigail Breslin as survivors of a zombie apocalypse. The film follows a geeky college kid making his way through the zombie apocalypse, meeting three strangers along the way and together taking an extended road trip across the Southwestern United States in an attempt to find a sanctuary free from zombies.\nThe film premiered at Fantastic Fest on September 25, 2009, and was theatrically released on October 2, 2009, in the United States by Columbia Pictures. Zombieland was a critical and commercial success, grossing more than $60.8 million in 17 days and surpassing the 2004 film Dawn of the Dead as the top-grossing zombie film in the United States until World War Z in 2013. A sequel, Zombieland: Double Tap, was released on October 18, 2019.", "Q1562542": "Hidle Brown \"H. B.\" Barnum (born July 15, 1936) is an American pianist, arranger, record producer, songwriter, and former child actor.\n\n", "Q455855": "Hiroshi Fushida (\u9b92\u5b50\u7530 \u5bdb, , born 10 March 1946 in Kyoto) is a former racing driver from Japan. He unsuccessfully entered two Formula One Grands Prix with Maki, the first in The Netherlands in 1975 where a blown engine prevented him from starting, and the second at the British GP the same year, where he failed to qualify.\nHe placed first in Class C and fifth overall, partnering Don Holland, in the 1975 Hardie Ferodo 1000.After retiring from racing he worked for the TOM'S tuning company in Japan, before moving to the UK to oversee the companys entry in British F3, and later Endurance Racing and the BTCC as an official Toyota supported team. Fushida retired to Japan in the 2010s.", "Q71536": "Gustav Krukenberg (8 March 1888 \u2013 23 October 1980) was a high-ranking member of the Waffen-SS and commander of the SS Charlemagne Division and the remains of the SS Division Nordland during the Battle of Berlin in April 1945. After Krukenberg surrendered to Soviet Red Army troops, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to prison by a Soviet court. He was released from prison after serving 11 years and died on 23 October 1980 in Germany.", "Q228415": "Alexei Shulgin (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0428\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0438\u043d; born 1963 in Moscow) is a Russian born contemporary artist, musician, and online curator. Working out of Moscow and Helsinki, Shulgin established the Immediate Photography Group in 1988 and started his career in this area of study. After 1990, he shifted his interests from photography to the Internet, and consequently, in 1994, founded Moscow-WWW-Art-Lab WWW Art Lab, collaborating with many artists from London and Slovenia. That very same year, the artist created an online photo museum called \"Hot Pictures\". In 1997, Shulgin continued his work with the invention of Form Art (Form Art), and later that year the introduction of the Easy Life website (Easy Life). In 1999, Shulgin became Webmaster at FUFME, Inc. Since 2004, Shulgin has been a co-owner of Electroboutique (Electroboutique).", "Q1483964": "Konrad Becker (born January 9, 1959 in Vienna) is a hypermedia researcher and interdisciplinary content developer, director of the Institute for New Culture Technologies-t0 and initiator of Public Netbase and World-Information.Org.", "Q655621": "The Principality of Transylvania (German: F\u00fcrstentum Siebenb\u00fcrgen; Hungarian: Erd\u00e9lyi Fejedelems\u00e9g; Latin: Principatus Transsilvaniae; Romanian: Principatul Transilvaniei or Principatul Ardealului; Turkish: Erdel Voyvodal\u0131\u011f\u0131 or Transilvanya Prensli\u011fi) was a semi-independent state, ruled primarily by Hungarian princes. Its territory, in addition to the traditional Transylvanian lands, it also included the other major component called Partium. The establishment of the principality was connected to the Treaty of Speyer. However Stephen B\u00e1thory's status as king of Poland also helped to phase in the name Principality of Transylvania. It was usually under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire; however, the principality often had dual vassalage (Ottoman Turkish sultans and the Habsburg Hungarian kings) in the 16th and 17th centuries.The principality continued to be a part of the Lands of the Hungarian Crown and was a symbol of the survival of Hungarian statehood. It represented the Hungarian interests against Habsburg encroachments in Habsburg-ruled Kingdom of Hungary. All traditional Hungarian law remained to be followed scrupulously in the principality; furthermore, the state was preponderantly Protestant. After the unsettled period of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi's War of Independence, it was subordinated within the Habsburg Monarchy.", "Q826598": "George Bernard \"Bernie\" Worrell, Jr. (April 19, 1944 \u2013 June 24, 2016) was an American keyboardist and composer best known as a founding member of Parliament-Funkadelic and for his work with Talking Heads. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with fifteen other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. Worrell was described by Jon Pareles of The New York Times as \"the kind of sideman who is as influential as some bandleaders.\"", "Q718053": "William Edward Hickey (September 19, 1927 \u2013 June 29, 1997) was an American actor. He is best known for his Academy Award-nominated role as Don Corrado Prizzi in the John Huston film Prizzi's Honor (1985), as well as Uncle Lewis in National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989) and the voice of Dr. Finklestein in Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993).", "Q132393": "Joseph Howell (February 17, 1857 \u2013 July 18, 1918) was a U.S. Representative from Utah.", "Q31112": "William Harrison Frist (born February 22, 1952) is an American physician, businessman, and politician. He began his career as a heart and lung transplant surgeon. He later served two terms as a Republican United States Senator representing Tennessee. He was the Senate Majority Leader from 2003 to 2007.\nBorn in Nashville, Tennessee, Frist studied health care policy at Princeton University and interned for Congressman Joe L. Evins. Rather than going directly into politics, Frist earned a Doctor of Medicine degree from Harvard Medical School, becoming a surgeon at Massachusetts General Hospital and several other hospitals. In 1994, he defeated incumbent Democratic Senator Jim Sasser, and pledged to only serve two terms.\nAfter serving as Chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee, Frist succeeded Tom Daschle as the Senate Majority Leader. Frist helped pass several parts of President George W. Bush's domestic agenda, including the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 and PEPFAR. He was also a strong proponent of the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act and a prominent advocate of tort reform. Frist left the Senate in 2007, honoring his commitment to serve no more than two terms. \n\n", "Q17502714": "Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard, as well as a recreational activity, an art form, an entertainment industry job, and a method of transportation. Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years. A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world. In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters. However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas and parks.", "Q557930": "Philippe, Baron de Rothschild (13 April 1902 \u2013 20 January 1988) was a member of the Rothschild banking dynasty who became a Grand Prix race-car driver, a screenwriter and playwright, a theatrical producer, a film producer, a poet, and one of the most successful wine growers in the world.", "Q325643": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? is a 1966 American black comedy-drama film directed by Mike Nichols in his directorial debut. The screenplay by Ernest Lehman is an adaptation of the play of the same name by Edward Albee. The film stars Elizabeth Taylor as Martha and Richard Burton as George, with George Segal as Nick and Sandy Dennis as Honey.The film was nominated for thirteen Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director for Mike Nichols, and is one of only two films to be nominated in every eligible category at the Academy Awards (the other being Cimarron). All four main actors were nominated in their respective acting categories, the first time a film's entire credited cast was nominated.\nThe film won five awards, including a second Academy Award for Best Actress for Elizabeth Taylor and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Sandy Dennis. However, the film lost to A Man for All Seasons for the Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor and Best Adapted Screenplay awards, and both Richard Burton and George Segal failed to win in their categories.", "Q92875": "Chester Gordon Bell (born August 19, 1934) is an American electrical engineer and manager. An early employee of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) 1960\u20131966, Bell designed several of their PDP machines and later became Vice President of Engineering 1972-1983, overseeing the development of the VAX. Bell's later career includes entrepreneur, investor, founding Assistant Director of NSF's Computing and Information Science and Engineering Directorate 1986-1987, and researcher emeritus at Microsoft Research, 1995\u20132015.\n\n", "Q602779": "Jordan Michael Houston (born April 5, 1975), known professionally as Juicy J, is an American rapper, record producer, singer, songwriter and record executive from Memphis, Tennessee. He is a founding member of the Southern hip hop group Three 6 Mafia, established in 1991. In 2002, he released his solo debut album Chronicles of the Juice Man, in between Three 6 Mafia projects. In 2011, Juicy J announced that he was a part-owner and A&R rep for Wiz Khalifa's Taylor Gang Records, and the following year, he signed a solo deal with Columbia Records and Dr. Luke's Kemosabe Records. Juicy J released Stay Trippy, his third studio album under the aforementioned labels on August 27, 2013. He is the younger brother of frequent collaborator and fellow rapper Project Pat.", "Q364179": "Frederick Martin \"Fritz\" Reiner (December 19, 1888 \u2013 November 15, 1963) was a prominent conductor of opera and symphonic music in the twentieth century. Hungarian born and trained, he emigrated to the United States in 1922, where he rose to prominence as a conductor with several orchestras. He reached the pinnacle of his career while music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in the 1950s and early 1960s.", "Q1888512": "Shadow Star, known in Japan as Narutaru (Japanese: \u306a\u308b\u305f\u308b), is a Japanese manga series created by Mohiro Kitoh, originally serialized in Kodansha's seinen magazine Afternoon. The Japanese name is an abbreviation of Mukuro Naru Hoshi, Tama Taru Ko (\u9ab8\u306a\u308b\u661f \u73e0\u305f\u308b\u5b50), which roughly translates to Corpse of a Star; A Precious Child. In the United States, it was licensed by Dark Horse and serialized in Super Manga Blast!.\nThe 13-episode anime adaptation by Planet was broadcast in 2003 on the Japanese television station Kids Station. The anime was licensed by Central Park Media and released as Shadow Star Narutaru, and has played on Comcast's Anime Selects multiple times. In 2007 it ran on the Illusion on Demand television network. Central Park Media released the title under their \"U.S. Manga Corps\" line, on 4 DVDs, and later re-released the DVDs in a box set. Central Park Media filed for bankruptcy in 2009, and the DVDs have since been out of print.", "Q67354": "Oetwil am See is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. It is located in the Pfannenstiel region.", "Q434267": "Leonora Mary Johnson (24 July 1902 \u2013 1 May 2000), known professionally as Nora Swinburne, was an English actress. She is best known for her appearances in many British films.\n\n", "Q152467": "Bnei Brak or Bene Beraq (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e8\u05b7\u05e7 (audio) ) is a city located on the central Mediterranean coastal plain in Israel, just east of Tel Aviv. A center of Haredi Judaism, Bnei Brak covers an area of 709 hectares (1752 acres, or 2.74 square miles), and had a population of 198,863 in 2018. It is one of the poorest and most densely populated cities in Israel, and the tenth most densely populated city in the world.", "Q2274359": "Edward Augustine Wyke-Smith (12 April 1871 \u2013 16 May 1935) was an English adventurer, mining engineer and writer. He is known mainly for The Marvellous Land of Snergs, a children's fantasy novel he wrote as E. A. Wyke-Smith, whose \"snergs\" provided inspiration for Tolkien's creation of hobbits.", "Q131842": "The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires is a 1974 martial arts horror film. The film is set in 1804 where seven vampires clad in gold masks who were resurrected by Count Dracula, played by John Forbes-Robertson. Peter Cushing as Professor Van Helsing is hired later in 1904 after giving a lecture at a Chinese University to take on the vampires. The film is a British-Hong Kong co-production between Hammer Film Productions and Shaw Brothers Studio.The film was shot between October 22 and December 11 1973 at Shaw Brothers Studios in Hong Kong, where Chang Cheh was hired to direct further martial arts scenes for the films release in the East. The film was first released in Hong Kong and then in the United Kingdom with a shorter runtime. On its release in the United States, the film was truncated further and titled The 7 Brothers Meet Dracula. The film was not a financial success.", "Q101981": "Adolf Bieringer (1928\u20131988) was a German politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union.\nIn March 1945 Bieringer was Luftwaffenhelfer in Rastatt.\nAfter he finished Abitur in 1948 he studied jurisprudence until 1956. He was delegate to the Kreistag of Bruchsal from 1959 to 1973 and afterwards delegate to the Kreistag of Karlsruhe In Addition, he was a member of the Bundestag in 1961. In 1964, he was elected mayer of Bruchsal. His main achievements were the reconstruction of the chateau of Bruchsal (which had been destroyed in 1945), the merge of 5 smaller towns surrounding Bruchsal, and the redesign of the City-Centre of Bruchsal in the 1980s (which had started in the 1970s and was completed by his successor Bernd Doll). \nIn 1985 he became President of the Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe.\nHe became an Honorary citizen of Bruchsal in November 1987.\nBieringer started to engage for environment protection which was one of his last topics before he had to stop work due to serious illness at the end of 1987. He died in February 1988.", "Q426663": "Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome is a 1985 Australian post-apocalyptic action film directed by George Miller and George Ogilvie and written by Miller and Terry Hayes. In this sequel to Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior, Max (Mel Gibson) is exiled into the desert by the ruthless ruler of Bartertown, Aunty Entity (Tina Turner), and there encounters an isolated cargo cult centred on a crashed Boeing 747 and its deceased captain. The film is the third installment in the Mad Max film series and the last with Gibson as Max Rockatansky. The series was given a fourth installment in 2015 with Mad Max: Fury Road, starring Tom Hardy in the title role.", "Q203690": "Brian Samuel Epstein (; 19 September 1934 \u2013 27 August 1967) was an English music entrepreneur who managed the Beatles from January 1962 until his death. He was referred to as the \"fifth Beatle\" due to his role in the group's business affairs, image and rise to global fame.\nEpstein was born into a family of successful retailers in Liverpool, who put him in charge of their music shop. Here he displayed a gift for talent-spotting. He first met the Beatles in 1961 at a lunchtime concert at Liverpool's Cavern Club. Although he had no experience of artist management, Epstein put them under contract and insisted that they abandon their scruff-image in favour of a new clean-cut style, with identical suits and haircuts. He then persuaded George Martin of EMI group to produce their records.\nWithin months, the Beatles were international stars. Epstein accompanied them to America, where he was besieged by merchandising offers, but had signed away 90 per cent of the rights in advance. This is viewed as his one miscalculation. Some of Epstein's other young discoveries had also prospered at this time under his management. They included Gerry and the Pacemakers, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas, Tommy Quickly, and Cilla Black. In 1967, he died of a drug overdose, ruled as accidental, at the age of 32.", "Q272069": "Damon Albarn (; born 23 March 1968) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer, best known as the lead singer of the rock band Blur and as the co-founder, lead vocalist, instrumentalist, and primary lyricist of the virtual band Gorillaz.\nRaised in Leytonstone, East London, and around Colchester, Essex, Albarn attended the Stanway School, where he met guitarist Graham Coxon and formed Blur, which released its debut album Leisure in 1991. After spending long periods touring the U.S., Albarn's songwriting became increasingly influenced by British bands from the 1960s. The result was Modern Life Is Rubbish (1993), Parklife (1994) and The Great Escape (1995). All three albums received critical acclaim while Blur gained mass popularity in the UK, aided by a Britpop rivalry with Oasis. Subsequent albums such as Blur (1997), 13 (1999), and Think Tank (2003) incorporated influences from lo-fi, electronic and hip hop music.\nAlbarn formed the virtual band Gorillaz in 1998 with comic book artist Jamie Hewlett. Drawing influences from hip hop, dub, pop, trip hop, and world music, Gorillaz released their self-titled debut album in 2001 to worldwide success, spawning successful follow-ups Demon Days (2005), Plastic Beach, The Fall (both released in 2010), Humanz (2017), and The Now Now (2018). Although Albarn is the only permanent musical contributor, Gorillaz albums typically feature collaborations from a range of artists. Gorillaz are cited by the Guinness Book of World Records as the \"Most Successful Virtual Band\". Albarn's other projects include two supergroups: The Good, the Bad & the Queen and Rocket Juice & the Moon, working with the non-profit organization Africa Express, which he co-founded, and composing film soundtracks. He has also scored stage productions, namely Monkey: Journey to the West (2008), Dr Dee (2012) and Wonder.land (2016). His debut solo studio album Everyday Robots was released in 2014.\nIn 2008, The Daily Telegraph ranked Albarn number 18 in their list of the \"100 most powerful people in British culture\". In 2016, Albarn received the Ivor Novello Award for Lifetime Achievement from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to music.", "Q447289": "Daniela Sea (born January 7, 1977) is an American filmmaker, actor and musician. They rose to prominence through their role as Max Sweeney on Showtime's drama series The L Word.", "Q392189": "The Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (UdeM; French pronunciation: \u200b[yniv\u025b\u0281site d\u0259 m\u0254\u0303\u0281eal], translates to University of Montreal) is a French-language public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The university's main campus is located on the northern slope of Mount Royal in the neighbourhoods of Outremont and C\u00f4te-des-Neiges. The institution comprises thirteen faculties, more than sixty departments and two affiliated schools: the Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al (School of Engineering; formerly the \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al) and HEC Montr\u00e9al (School of Business). It offers more than 650 undergraduate programmes and graduate programmes, including 71 doctoral programmes.\nThe university was founded as a satellite campus of the Universit\u00e9 Laval in 1878. It became an independent institution after it was issued a papal charter in 1919, and a provincial charter in 1920. Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al moved from Montreal's Quartier Latin to its present location at Mount Royal in 1942. It was made a secular institution with the passing of another provincial charter in 1967.\nThe school is co-educational, and has over 34,335 undergraduate and over 11,925 post-graduate students (excluding affiliated schools). Alumni and former students reside across Canada and around the world, with notable alumni serving as government officials, academics, and business leaders.", "Q65543": "Thal is a village and municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. Besides the village of Thal itself, the municipality also includes the villages of Altenrhein, Buechen, Buriet and Staad.", "Q371574": "Gregory Finley (born December 22, 1984) is an American actor, best known for his role as Jack Pappas in the teenage drama series The Secret Life of the American Teenager as well as Drake in the series Star Crossed, iZombie and Girder in The Flash.", "Q337521": "Randall Darius Jackson (born June 23, 1956) is an American bassist, singer, record producer, entrepreneur, and television personality.\nJackson began his career in the 1980s as a session musician playing bass guitar for an array of jazz, pop, rock, and R&B performers. He moved on to work in music production and as A&R at Columbia Records and MCA Records. Jackson is best known from his appearances as the longest-serving judge on American Idol and executive producer for MTV's America's Best Dance Crew. Jackson has won a Grammy Award as a producer.", "Q888065": "Bob Lind (born Robert Neale Lind, November 25, 1942) is an American folk music singer-lyricist, who helped define the 1960s folk rock movement in the U.S. and U.K. Lind is well known for his transatlantic hit record, \"Elusive Butterfly\", which reached number 5 on both the US and UK charts in 1966. Many musicians have recorded songs by Lind, who continues to write, record and perform.", "Q7790390": "Thomas Scofield Handforth (September 16, 1897 \u2013 October 19, 1948) was an American artist and etcher. He wrote and illustrated the children's picture book Mei Li based on personal experience in China and won the 1939 Caldecott Medal for illustration.Mei Li is about a girl who escapes her traditional life in the Chinese countryside to visit a Chinese New Year fair. It has been reissued since 1938 and Handforth's magnificent drawings of China in the 1930s are still animated and compelling. In 1939, he was considered an expert on Oriental art. Books he illustrated included in Sidonie, Totou in Bondage and Tranquilinas Paradise.He was born in Tacoma, Washington studied art at the University of Washington. During World War I, served in France with the anatomical unit in the Army's Sanitary Corps. He later studied art at L'Ecole des Beaux Arts in France. He lived in various locations such as Paris, India, North Africa, Mexico and China.", "Q327732": "Frank Zagarino (born December 19, 1959 in Los Angeles, California) is an American actor, star of low budget action movies.\nOne of his early roles was in the movie Barbarian Queen (1985) in which he played opposite Lana Clarkson. Like several other American B movie stars he made many of his movies in Europe, especially in Italy. He starred in Ten Zan: The Ultimate Mission (1988) an Italian production filmed in North Korea, one of few foreign films filmed in that country (according to director Ferdinando Baldi, Zagarino was jailed for two days in North Korea because the Koreans suspected he was an American spy because he liked taking photos). He later appeared in American movies such as Project Shadowchaser (1992) and its three sequels, and Operation Delta Force (1997). He also appeared in the computer game Command & Conquer: Tiberian Sun (1999) as Nod Commander Anton Slavik.\nHe has also produced a number of films and directed three.", "Q3568616": "William Forrest (October 10, 1902 \u2013 January 26, 1989) was an American theatre, film, and television actor.Forest attended Princeton University, where he was a star in athletics. His acting career began in 1938 at the Pasadena Playhouse, and he appeared in more than 250 films between 1939 and 1977. He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and died in Santa Monica, California, from heart failure.", "Q1000642": "Summit is a city in Union County, New Jersey, United States. At the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 21,457, reflecting an increase of 326 (+1.5%) from the 21,131 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,374 (+7.0%) from the 19,757 counted in the 1990 Census.Originally incorporated as Summit Township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 23, 1869, from portions of New Providence Township (now Berkeley Heights) and Springfield Township, Summit was reincorporated as a city on March 8, 1899.Possible derivations of Summit's name include its location atop the Second Watchung Mountain; the Summit Lodge, the house to which jurist James Kent moved in 1837 and which stands today at 50 Kent Place Boulevard; and to a local sawmill owner who granted passage to the Morris and Essex Railroad for a route to \"the summit of the Short Hills\".Summit had the 16th-highest per capita income in the state as of the 2000 Census. According to Bloomberg, Summit ranked as the 70th highest-income place in America in 2017, 72nd in 2018 (with an average household income of $220,971), and 65th in 2019.", "Q109463": "Richard Mentor Johnson (October 17, 1780[a] \u2013 November 19, 1850) was a politician and the ninth vice president of the United States from 1837 to 1841. He is the only vice president elected by the United States Senate under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment. Johnson also represented Kentucky in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate; he began and ended his political career in the Kentucky House of Representatives.\nJohnson was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1806 in the early Federal period. He became allied with fellow Kentuckian Henry Clay as a member of the War Hawks faction that favored war with Britain in 1812. At the outset of the War of 1812, Johnson was commissioned a colonel in the Kentucky Militia and commanded a regiment of mounted volunteers from 1812 to 1813. He and his brother James served under William Henry Harrison in Upper Canada. Johnson participated in the Battle of the Thames. Some reported that he personally killed the Shawnee chief Tecumseh, a claim that he later used to his political advantage.\nAfter the war, Johnson returned to the House of Representatives. The state legislature appointed him to the Senate in 1819 to fill the seat vacated by John J. Crittenden. With his increasing prominence, Johnson was criticized for his interracial relationship with Julia Chinn, a mixed-race slave who was classified as octoroon (or seven-eighths white). It worked against his political ambitions because Johnson did not hide the relationship. \nUnlike other upper-class planters and leaders who had African-American mistresses or concubines, but never acknowledged them, Johnson treated Chinn as his common law wife. He acknowledged their two daughters as his children, giving them his surname, much to the consternation of some of his constituents. It is believed that because of this, the state legislature picked another candidate for the US Senate in 1828, forcing Johnson to leave in 1829. But his Congressional district voted for him and returned him to the House in the next election. \nIn 1836, Johnson was the Democratic nominee for vice-president on a ticket with Martin Van Buren. Campaigning with the slogan \"Rumpsey Dumpsey, Rumpsey Dumpsey, Colonel Johnson killed Tecumseh\", Johnson fell one short of the electoral votes needed to secure his election. Virginia's delegation to the Electoral College refused to endorse Johnson, abstaining instead.He was elected to the office by the US Senate. Johnson proved such a liability for the Democrats in the 1836 election that they refused to renominate him for vice-president in 1840. President Van Buren campaigned for re-election without a running mate. He lost to William Henry Harrison, a Whig. Johnson tried to return to public office but was defeated. He finally was elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1850, but he died on November 19, 1850, just two weeks into his term.", "Q744738": "The Encyclop\u00e9distes (French: [\u0251\u0303sikl\u0254pedist]) (also known in British English as Encyclopaedists, or in U.S. English as Encyclopedists) were members of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des gens de lettres, a French writers' society, who contributed to the development of the Encyclop\u00e9die from June 1751 to December 1765 under the editors Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert. The composition of the 17 volumes of text and 11 volumes of plates of the Encyclop\u00e9die was the work of over 150 authors belonging, in large part, to the intellectual group known as the philosophes. They promoted the advancement of science and secular thought and supported tolerance, rationality, and open-mindedness of the Enlightenment.\nMore than a hundred encyclop\u00e9distes have been identified. They were not a unified group, neither in ideology nor social class. Below some of the contributors are listed in alphabetical order, by the number of articles that they wrote, and by the identifying \"signature\" by which their contributions were identified in the Encyclop\u00e9die.\nBeyond the known collaborators \u2013 at least in name \u2013 many articles are not signed and certain authors expressed a desire to remain anonymous. Other authors, Allard or Dubuisson for example, remain a mystery to us. Moreover, the sporadic research into the quotations, borrowings, and plagiarisms in the Encyclop\u00e9die \u2013 the illustrations as well as the text \u2013 illuminate a group of \"indirect\" collaborators.\n\nAmong some excellent men, there were some weak, average, and absolutely bad ones. From this mixture in the publication, we find the draft of a schoolboy next to a masterpiece.\nA machine-generated and incomplete list of authors sorted by number of posts can be found at the project ARTFL. There are lists by frequency and by letter.", "Q110132": "Friedhelm Henry Ortgies (born 12 May 1950 in Rahden) is a German politician in the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU).", "Q1396698": "Merab Kostava (Georgian: \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0) (May 26, 1939 \u2013 October 13, 1989) was a Georgian dissident, musician and poet; one of the leaders of the National-Liberation movement in Georgia. Along with Zviad Gamsakhurdia, he led the dissident movement in Georgia against the Soviet Union, until his death in a car accident in 1989.", "Q430767": "Desert Hearts is a 1985 American romantic drama film directed by Donna Deitch. The screenplay written by Natalie Cooper is an adaptation of the 1964 lesbian-themed novel Desert of the Heart by Jane Rule. Set in Reno, Nevada in 1959, it tells the story of a university professor awaiting a divorce who finds her true self when she meets a free-spirited younger woman self-confident in her romantic and sexual attraction. The film stars Helen Shaver and Patricia Charbonneau with a supporting performance by Audra Lindley.\nDesert Hearts was released theatrically in the United States on March 7, 1986. It was released in the United Kingdom on June 6, 1986. It is regarded as one of the first wide-release films to present a positive portrayal of lesbian sexuality.", "Q151608": "Claudio Abbado, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8klaudjo ab\u02c8ba\u02d0do]; 26 June 1933 \u2013 20 January 2014) was an Italian conductor. He served as music director of the La Scala opera house in Milan, principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra, principal guest conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, music director of the Vienna State Opera, founder and director of Lucerne Festival Orchestra, music director of European Union Youth Orchestra and principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic orchestra.", "Q437008": "Germaine Damar (born August 31, 1929) is a Luxembourg actress and dancer. Sometimes she used the stage name Ria Poncelet. She started her career as an acrobat and played in nearly 30 German films, including three films in which she was the partner of Peter Alexander.", "Q106988": "Pier Angeli (19 June 1932 \u2013 10 September 1971), also credited under her birth name, Anna Maria Pierangeli, was an Italian-born television and film actress. Her American cinematographic debut was in the starring role of the 1951 film Teresa, for which she won a Golden Globe Award for Young Star of the Year - Actress. She had one son with Vic Damone, her first husband, and another son with Armando Trovajoli, her second husband.", "Q6855": "L\u00f6rrach German pronunciation: [\u02c8l\u0153rax] is a city in southwest Germany, in the valley of the Wiese, close to the French and the Swiss borders. It is the capital of the district of L\u00f6rrach in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. The largest industry is the Milka chocolate factory. The city had a population of 10,794 in 1905 and of 47,707 in 2007.\nNearby is the castle of R\u00f6tteln on the Wiesental, whose lords became the counts of Hachberg and a residence of the Margraves of Baden; this was destroyed by the troops of Louis XIV in 1678, but was rebuilt in 1867. L\u00f6rrach received market rights in 1403, but it did not obtain the privileges of a city until 1682.\nAfter the Napoleonic epoch, the town was included in the Grand Duchy of Baden. On September 21, 1848, Gustav Struve attempted to start a revolutionary uprising in L\u00f6rrach as part of the Revolutions of 1848-49. It failed, and Struve was caught and imprisoned. Still, L\u00f6rrach was officially the capital of Germany for a day.", "Q845003": "Me & My Brothers (\u304a\u5144\u3061\u3083\u3093\u3068\u4e00\u7dd2, Onii-chan to Issho) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hari Tokeino. The collected volumes are published by Hakusensha under the imprint Hana to Yume Comics. It is licensed for English language distribution by Tokyopop and for distribution in South Korea by Seoul Munhwa-Sa.\nThe series was serialized in sh\u014djo manga magazine LaLa, and has been compiled into a total of eleven tank\u014dbon, with the last volume published in July 2009.The story concerns Sakura Miyashita, a fourteen-year-old girl who discovers that her late stepfather fathered four sons. These four brothers come to live with Sakura, and with their diverse personalities, help her deal with loneliness and insecurities. The manga follows Sakura's complicated relationship with and feelings towards her unusual family.\n\n", "Q192643": "Aaron Edward Eckhart (born March 12, 1968) is an American actor. Born in Cupertino, California, Eckhart moved to the United Kingdom at age 13, when his father relocated the family. Several years later, he began his acting career by performing in school plays, before moving to Australia for his high school senior year. He left high school without graduating, but earned a diploma through an adult education course, and graduated from Brigham Young University (BYU) in 1994 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in film. For much of the mid-1990s, he lived in New York City as a struggling, unemployed actor.\nAs an undergraduate at BYU, Eckhart met director and writer Neil LaBute, who cast him in several of his own original plays. Five years later Eckhart made a debut as an unctuous, sociopathic ladies' man in LaBute's black comedy film In the Company of Men (1997). Under LaBute's guidance he worked in the director's films Your Friends & Neighbors (1998), Nurse Betty (2000), and Possession (2002).\nEckhart gained wide recognition as George in Steven Soderbergh's critically acclaimed film Erin Brockovich (2000), and, in 2006, he received a Golden Globe nomination for his portrayal of Nick Naylor in Thank You for Smoking. Another mainstream breakout occurred in 2008 when he starred in the blockbuster Batman film The Dark Knight as District Attorney Harvey Dent. Other key roles include The Pledge (2001), The Core (2003), Paycheck (2003), Rabbit Hole (2010), Battle: Los Angeles (2011), Olympus Has Fallen (2013) and its sequel London Has Fallen (2016), I, Frankenstein (2014), Sully (2016), and Midway (2019).", "Q743057": "Stephen Leather (born 25 October 1956) is a British thriller author whose works are published by Hodder & Stoughton. He has written for television shows such as London's Burning, The Knock, and the BBC's Murder in Mind series. He is one of the top selling Amazon Kindle authors, the second bestselling UK author worldwide on Kindle in 2011.", "Q225657": "Henry Gibson (born James Bateman, September 21, 1935 \u2013 September 14, 2009) was an American actor, singer, and songwriter.\nHis best-known roles include his time as a cast member of the TV sketch-comedy series Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In from 1968 to 1971, the voice of Wilbur in the 1973 film Charlotte's Web, his portrayal of diminutive country star Haven Hamilton in Robert Altman's 1975 film Nashville, his role as the \"Illinois Nazi\" leader in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers, his performance opposite Tom Hanks in 1989's The 'Burbs, a small role in Magnolia, his role as the family priest in Wedding Crashers, and his recurring role as Judge Clark Brown on Boston Legal.\n\n", "Q189505": "Jaws is a 1975 American thriller film directed by Steven Spielberg and based on Peter Benchley's 1974 novel of the same name. In the film, a man-eating great white shark attacks beachgoers at a summer resort town, prompting police chief Martin Brody (Roy Scheider) to hunt it with the help of a marine biologist (Richard Dreyfuss) and a professional shark hunter (Robert Shaw). Murray Hamilton plays the mayor, and Lorraine Gary portrays Brody's wife. The screenplay is credited to Benchley, who wrote the first drafts, and actor-writer Carl Gottlieb, who rewrote the script during principal photography.\nShot mostly on location on Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts, Jaws had a troubled production, going over budget and past schedule. As the art department's mechanical sharks often malfunctioned, Spielberg decided to mostly suggest the shark's presence, employing an ominous and minimalist theme created by composer John Williams to indicate its impending appearances. Spielberg and others have compared this suggestive approach to that of director Alfred Hitchcock. Universal Pictures gave the film what was then an exceptionally wide release for a major studio picture, on over 450 screens, accompanied by an extensive marketing campaign with a heavy emphasis on television spots and tie-in merchandise.\nConsidered one of the greatest films ever made, Jaws was the prototypical summer blockbuster, regarded as a watershed moment in motion picture history, and it won several awards for its music and editing. It was the highest-grossing film until the release of Star Wars in 1977. Both films were pivotal in establishing the modern Hollywood business model, which pursues high box-office returns from action and adventure films with simple high-concept premises, released during the summer in thousands of theaters and heavily advertised. Jaws was followed by three sequels, all without Spielberg or Benchley, and many imitative thrillers. In 2001, it was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q103628": "Princess Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis (Elisabeth Margarete Maria Anna Beatriz Prinzessin von Thurn und Taxis; born 24 March 1982) is a German journalist, author, socialite, and art collector. By birth, she is a member of the German princely House of Thurn and Taxis. Since 2012 Elisabeth has worked as a style editor-at-large for Vogue. A Catholic traditionalist, she has written as a columnist for Vatican Magazine and authored a book on Catholic spirituality called The Faith of Children: in Praise of the People's Devotion. She has been referred to in the press as Princess TNT, a nickname once associated with her mother, Gloria, Princess of Thurn und Taxis.", "Q443951": "Clarence Lofton (March 28, 1887, 1896 or 1897 \u2013 January 9, 1957), credited as Cripple Clarence Lofton, was an American boogie-woogie pianist and singer born in Tennessee.", "Q67432": "Allmendingen bei Bern is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Besides the village of Allmendingen, the municipality includes the settlement of M\u00e4rchligen.", "Q231622": "Charisma Carpenter (born July 23, 1970) is an American actress. She played Cordelia Chase in the supernatural drama series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997\u20131999) and its spin-off series Angel (1999\u20132004). She also starred as Kyra in Charmed (2004), Kendall Casablancas in Veronica Mars (2005\u20132006), Rebecca Sewell in The Lying Game (2012\u20132013), and Lacy in The Expendables film series (2010\u20132012).", "Q56837": "National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \"\u041c\u0418\u0424\u0418\" / \u041d\u0418\u042f\u0423 \u041c\u0418\u0424\u0418 or Russian: \u041c\u0418\u0424\u0418) is one of the most recognized technical universities in Russia. MEPhI was founded in 1942 as the Moscow Mechanical Institute of Munitions (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u041c\u041c\u0418\u0411), but it was soon renamed the Moscow Mechanical Institute. Its original mission was to train skilled personnel for the Soviet military and atomic programs. It was renamed the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442) in 1953, which was its name until 2009.\nBy the Order of the Government of Russia, issued by the Russian Government on April 8, 2009 (#480-r) on behalf of Russian President's Decree of October 7, 2008 (#1448) \"On the pilot project launching on creating National Research Universities\" the university MEPhI was granted this new status. The university was reorganized. The aim of the university existence is now preparing the specialists by giving them higher professional, post-graduation professional, secondary professional and additional professional education, as well as educational and scientific activities.", "Q335336": "Har HaMenuchot (Hebrew: \u05d4\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea, Ashkenazi pronunciation, Har HaMenuchos, lit. \"Mount of Those who are Resting\", also known as Givat Shaul Cemetery) is the largest cemetery in Jerusalem, Israel. The hilltop burial ground lies at the western edge of the city adjacent to the neighborhood of Givat Shaul, with commanding views of Mevaseret Zion to the north, Motza to the west, and Har Nof to the south. Opened in 1951 on 300 dunams (0.30 km2; 0.12 sq mi) of land, it has continually expanded into new sections on the northern and western slopes of the hill. As of 2008, the cemetery encompasses 580 dunams (0.58 km2; 0.22 sq mi) in which over 150,000 people are buried.", "Q152301": "George Tabori (24 May 1914 \u2013 23 July 2007) was a Hungarian writer and theater director.", "Q124297": "T\u00fcrkan Saylan (December 13, 1935 \u2013 May 18, 2009) was a Turkish medical doctor in dermatology, academic, writer, teacher and social activist. She was famous for fighting leprosy, and for founding a charitable foundation called \"Association for the Support of Contemporary Living\" (\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Ya\u015fam\u0131 Destekleme Derne\u011fi, \u00c7YDD).", "Q332459": "Edmund Dene Morel (born Georges Edmond Pierre Achille Morel Deville; Paris, 10 July 1873 \u2013 North Bovey, Moreton Hampstead, Devon, 12 November 1924) was a French-born British journalist, author, pacifist, and politician.\nAs a young official at the shipping company Elder Dempster, Morel observed a fortune in rubber returning from the Congo while only guns and manacles were being sent in return. He correctly deduced that these resources were being extracted from the population by force and began to campaign to expose the abuses. In collaboration with Roger Casement, Morel led a campaign against slavery in the Congo Free State, founding the Congo Reform Association and running the West African Mail. With the help of celebrities such as Arthur Conan Doyle and Mark Twain, the movement successfully pressured the Belgian King Leopold II to sell the Congo Free State to the Belgian government, ending some of the human rights abuses perpetrated under his rule.\nMorel played a significant role in the British pacifist movement during the First World War, participating in the foundation of and becoming secretary of the Union of Democratic Control, at which point he broke with the Liberal Party. In 1917, he was jailed for six months for his antiwar activism, which had a permanent effect on his health. After the war, he edited the journal Foreign Affairs, through which he sharply criticized what he considered French aggression and mistreatment of the defeated Central Powers. As part of his campaign against the French, he became the most important English proponent of the racist Black Shame campaign, which accused black French troops of outrages against the population of the occupied Rhineland.\nMorel was elected to Parliament in 1922 as a Labour candidate, defeating the incumbent Winston Churchill for his seat, and was reelected in 1924, dying in office. Morel collaborated closely with future prime minister Ramsay MacDonald and was considered for the post of Foreign Secretary, though he ultimately acted only as an unofficial adviser to MacDonald's government.", "Q77621": "Yoo Yeon-seok (born Ahn Yeon-seok on April 11, 1984) is a South Korean actor. After making his acting debut in 2003 with a small role in Oldboy, he resumed his acting career in 2008. His notable works include the films Re-encounter (2011), Architecture 101 (2012), A Werewolf Boy (2012) and Whistle Blower (2014), Perfect Proposal (2015), Mood of the Day (2016) as well as the television series Reply 1994 (2013), Warm and Cozy (2015), Dr. Romantic (2016), Mr. Sunshine (2018) and Hospital Playlist (2020).\n\n", "Q312789": "Shakti Kapoor (born as Sunil Sikanderlal Kapoor; 3 September 1952) is an Indian actor who appears in Bollywood films. Known for his villainous and comic roles in Hindi films, he has featured in more than 700 films throughout his career. In the 1980s and 1990s, Kapoor teamed up with actor Asrani and Kader Khan as the comical or evil team in over 100 films. He was a contestant in the Indian reality show Bigg Boss in 2011.", "Q237253": "Great Yarmouth, often called Yarmouth, is a seaside town in Norfolk, England, straddling the mouth of the River Yare, some 20 miles (30 km) east of Norwich. A population of 38,693 in the 2011 Census made it Norfolk's third most populous place. Its fishing industry, mainly for herring, fell steeply after the mid-20th century and has all but vanished. North Sea oil from the 1960s brought an oil-rig supply industry that now services offshore natural gas rigs. More recently, offshore wind power and other renewable energy have created further support services. Yarmouth has been a seaside resort since 1760 and a gateway from the Norfolk Broads to the North Sea. As a tourist centre, it was boosted when a railway opened in 1844 gave visitors easier, cheaper access and triggered an influx of settlers. Wellington Pier opened in 1854 and Britannia Pier in 1858. Through the 20th century, Yarmouth was a booming resort, with a promenade, pubs, trams, fish-and-chip shops and theatres, as well as the Pleasure Beach, the Sea Life Centre, the Hippodrome Circus and the Time and Tide Museum, and a surviving Victorian seaside Winter Garden in cast iron and glass.", "Q180247": "Jerry Ciccoritti (born August 5, 1956) is a Canadian film, television and theatre director. His ability to work in a number of genres and for many mediums has made him one of the most successful directors in the country.", "Q681470": "George Gilman Fogg (May 26, 1813 \u2013 October 5, 1881) was a United States Senator and diplomat from New Hampshire.\nThe son of David Fogg & Hannah Gilman Vickery, he was born May 26, 1813 in Meredith Center, New Hampshire. He pursued classical studies and graduated from Dartmouth College in 1839. He studied law at Meredith and at the Harvard Law School, was admitted to the bar in 1842 and commenced practice at Gilmanton Iron Works, New Hampshire. He moved to Concord in 1846 and was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives and secretary of State of New Hampshire that year. He was a newspaper publisher from 1847 to 1861, and reporter of the New Hampshire Supreme Court from 1856 to 1860.\nFogg was secretary of the Republican National Executive Committee in 1860, and was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln as Minister Resident to Switzerland, holding that office from 1861 to 1865. He was appointed as a Republican to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Daniel Clark and served from August 31, 1866, to March 3, 1867; he was not a candidate for election to the Senate in 1866. Fogg served as a fellow at Bates College from 1875 to 1881. He was editor of the Concord Daily Monitor and died in Concord in 1881; interment was in Blossom Hill Cemetery.", "Q5384": "Kirov (Russian: \u041a\u0438\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432, IPA: [\u02c8k\u02b2ir\u0259f]) is a city and the administrative center of Kirov Oblast, Russia, located on the Vyatka River. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 473,695.It was previously known as Khlynov (\u0425\u043b\u044b\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432, until 1780), Vyatka (\u0412\u044f\u0301\u0442\u043a\u0430, until 1934).", "Q154770": "Arnold Schoenberg or Sch\u00f6nberg (, US also ; German: [\u02c8\u0283\u00f8\u02d0nb\u025b\u0250\u032fk] (listen); 13 September 1874 \u2013 13 July 1951) was an Austrian-born composer, music theorist, teacher, writer, and painter. He is widely considered one of the most influential, if highly controversial composers of the 20th century. He was associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School. With the rise of the Nazi Party, Schoenberg's works were labeled degenerate music, because they were modernist and atonal. He emigrated to the United States in 1933, becoming an American citizen in 1941.\nSchoenberg's approach, b\u03bfth in terms of harmony and development, has shaped much of the 20th-century musical thought. Many European and American composers from at least three generations have consciously extended his thinking, whereas others have passionately reacted against it.\nSchoenberg was known early in his career for simultaneously extending the traditionally opposed German Romantic styles of Brahms and Wagner. Later, his name would come to personify innovations in atonality (although Schoenberg himself detested that term) that would become the most polemical feature of 20th-century art music. In the 1920s, Schoenberg developed the twelve-tone technique, an influential compositional method of manipulating an ordered series of all twelve notes in the chromatic scale. He also coined the term developing variation and was the first modern composer to embrace ways of developing motifs without resorting to the dominance of a centralized melodic idea.\nSchoenberg was also an influential teacher of composition; his students included Alban Berg, Anton Webern, Hanns Eisler, Egon Wellesz, Nikos Skalkottas, Stefania Turkewich, and later John Cage, Lou Harrison, Earl Kim, Robert Gerhard, Leon Kirchner, Dika Newlin, and other prominent musicians. Many of Schoenberg's practices, including the formalization of compositional method and his habit of openly inviting audiences to think analytically, are echoed in avant-garde musical thought throughout the 20th century. His often polemical views of music history and aesthetics were crucial to many significant 20th-century musicologists and critics, including Theodor W. Adorno, Charles Rosen, and Carl Dahlhaus, as well as the pianists Artur Schnabel, Rudolf Serkin, Eduard Steuermann, and Glenn Gould.\nSchoenberg's archival legacy is collected at the Arnold Sch\u00f6nberg Center in Vienna.", "Q718735": "Thomas Donald Meek (14 July 1878 \u2013 18 November 1946) was a Scottish-American actor. He first performed publicly at the age of eight and began appearing on Broadway in 1903.\nMeek is perhaps best known for his roles in the films You Can't Take It with You (1938) and Stagecoach (1939). He posthumously received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.", "Q560622": "Jan Remco Theodoor Campert (Spijkenisse, August 15, 1902 \u2013 January 12, 1943) was a journalist, theater critic and writer who lived in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. During the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II Campert was arrested for aiding the Jews. He was held in the Neuengamme concentration camp, where he died.\nCampert is best known for his poem \"De achttien dooden\" (\"The Eighteen Dead\"), describing the execution of 18 resistance workers (15 resistance fighters and 3 communists) by the German occupier. Written in 1941 and based on an account published in Het Parool, the poem was clandestinely published in 1943 as a poetry card (\"rijmprent\") by what would become publishing house De Bezige Bij to raise money to hide Jewish children.\nHe was the father of novelist and poet Remco Campert.\nThe Jan Campert Prize is named after him.", "Q71250": "Jean Chr\u00e9tien Ferdinand Hoefer (German: Ferdinand H\u00f6fer, April 21, 1811, D\u00f6schnitz \u2013 May 1878) was a German-French physician and lexicographer. He is now known for his many works on the history of science.", "Q231811": "Kristin Dawn Chenoweth (; born Kristi Dawn Chenoweth, July 24, 1968) is an American actress and singer, with credits in musical theatre, film and television. In 1999, she won a Tony Award for her performance as Sally Brown in You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown on Broadway. In 2003, Chenoweth received wide notice for originating the role of Glinda in the musical Wicked, including a nomination for another Tony. Her television roles have included Annabeth Schott in NBC's The West Wing and Olive Snook on the ABC comedy-drama Pushing Daisies, for which she won a 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She also starred in the ABC TV series GCB in 2012.\nChenoweth sang gospel music as a child in Oklahoma and studied opera before deciding to pursue a career in musical theatre. In 1997, she made her Broadway debut in Steel Pier, winning a Theatre World Award, before appearing in You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown and Wicked. Her other Broadway roles were in The Apple Tree in 2006, Promises, Promises in 2010 and On the Twentieth Century in 2015, for which she received another Tony Award nomination. She has also appeared in five City Center Encores!, Off-Broadway and regional theatre productions.\nChenoweth had her own sitcom, Kristin, in 2001, and has guest-starred on many shows, including Sesame Street and Glee, for which she was nominated for Emmy Awards in 2010 and 2011. In films, she has played mostly character roles, such as in Bewitched (2005), The Pink Panther (2006) and RV (2006). She has played roles in made-for-TV movies, such as Descendants (2015); done voice work in animated films such as Rio 2 (2014) and The Peanuts Movie (2015) along with the animated TV series Sit Down, Shut Up; hosted several award shows; and released several albums of songs, including A Lovely Way to Spend Christmas (2008), Some Lessons Learned (2011), Coming Home (2014), The Art of Elegance (2016) and For the Girls (2019). Chenoweth also penned a 2009 memoir, A Little Bit Wicked.\n\n", "Q604485": "William Morgan Sheppard (24 August 1932 \u2013 6 January 2019) was an English actor and voice actor who appeared in over 100 films and television programs, in a career that spanned over 50 years.", "Q68932": "J\u00f6rg Schlaich (born 1934) is a German structural engineer and is known internationally for his ground-breaking work in the creative design of bridges, long-span roofs, and other complex structures. He is a co-founder of the structural engineering and consulting firm schlaich bergermann partner.\nHe is the brother of the architect Brigitte Schlaich Peterhans.", "Q186805": "Francisco \u00c1lvarez de Toledo (Oropesa, 10 July 1515 \u2013 Escalona, 21 April 1582), also known as The Viceroyal Solon, was an aristocrat and soldier of the Kingdom of Spain and the fifth Viceroy of Peru. Often considered the \"best of Peru's viceroys,\" he brought stability to a tumultuous viceroyalty of Spain and enacted administrative reforms which changed the character of Spanish rule and the relationship between the indigenous Native Americans of the Andes and their Spanish overlords. With a policy called reductions, Toledo forcibly relocated much of the Indian population of Peru and Bolivia into new settlements to facilitate Christianization, to collect tribute and taxes, and to gather Inca labor to work in mines and other Spanish enterprises. \nHe held the position of viceroy from November 30, 1569, until 1 May 1581, a total of eleven years and five months. He has been praised as the \"supreme organizer\" of the immense viceroyalty, giving it an adequate legal structure and strengthening important institutions under which the Spanish colony functioned for more than two hundred years. He is criticized for the reductions of the Indian population, expanding the forced labor demanded of the Indians under the mita of the Inca Empire, and executing T\u00fapac Amaru, the last Inca of the Neo-Inca State in Vilcabamba.He held the position of viceroy from November 30, 1569, until 1 May 1581, a total of eleven years and five months. He has been praised as the \"supreme organizer\" of the immense viceroyalty, giving it an adequate legal structure and strengthening important institutions under which the Spanish colony functioned for more than two hundred years. He is criticized for the reductions of the Indian population, expanding the forced labor demanded of the Indians under the mita of the Inca Empire, and executing T\u00fapac Amaru, the last Inca of the Neo-Inca State in Vilcabamba.", "Q41378": "Charles Stark \"Doc\" Draper (October 2, 1901 \u2013 July 25, 1987) was an American scientist and engineer, known as the \"father of inertial navigation\". He was the founder and director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Instrumentation Laboratory, later renamed the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, which made the Apollo Moon landings possible through the Apollo Guidance Computer it designed for NASA.", "Q208048": "Band of Brothers is a 2001 American war drama miniseries based on historian Stephen E. Ambrose's 1992 non-fiction book of the same name. The executive producers were Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks, who had collaborated on the 1998 World War II film Saving Private Ryan and went on to do a following World War II production The Pacific. The episodes first started airing on HBO September 9, 2001. The series won Emmy and Golden Globe awards in 2001 for best miniseries.\nThe series dramatizes the history of \"Easy\" Company, 2nd Battalion, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, of the 101st Airborne Division, from jump training in the United States through its participation in major actions in Europe, up until Japan's capitulation and the end of World War II. The events are based on Ambrose's research and recorded interviews with Easy Company veterans. The series took literary license, adapting history for dramatic effect and series structure. The characters portrayed are based on members of Easy Company. Some of the men were recorded in contemporary interviews, which viewers see as preludes to several episodes, with the men's real identities revealed in the finale.\nThe title for the book and series comes from the St Crispin's Day Speech in William Shakespeare's play Henry V, delivered by King Henry before the Battle of Agincourt. Ambrose quotes a passage from the speech on his book's first page; this passage is spoken by Carwood Lipton in the series finale.", "Q419": "Peru ( (listen); Spanish: Per\u00fa [pe\u02c8\u027eu]; Quechua: Piruw Republika [p\u02b0\u026a\u027e\u028aw]; Aymara: Piruw Suyu [p\u026a\u027e\u028aw]), officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica del Per\u00fa ), is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river. At 1.28 million km2 (0.5 million mi2), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.\nPeruvian territory was home to several ancient cultures. Ranging from the Norte Chico civilization starting in 3500 BC, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five cradles of civilization, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in pre-Columbian America, the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 4th millennia BCE.\nThe Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a viceroyalty that encompassed most of its South American territories, with its capital in Lima. Peru formally proclaimed independence in 1821, and following the foreign military campaigns of Jos\u00e9 de San Mart\u00edn and Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar, and the decisive battle of Ayacucho, Peru completed its independence in 1824. In the ensuing years, the country enjoyed relative economic and political stability, which ended shortly before the War of the Pacific with Chile. Throughout the 20th century, Peru endured armed territorial disputes, coups, social unrest, and internal conflicts, as well as periods of stability and economic upswing. Alberto Fujimori was elected to the presidency in 1990; his government was credited with economically stabilizing Peru and successfully ending the Shining Path insurgency, though he was widely accused of human rights violations and suppression of political dissent. Fujimori left the presidency in 2000 and was charged with human rights violations and imprisoned until his pardon by President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski in 2017. Even after the president's regime, Fujimori's followers, called Fujimoristas, have caused political turmoil for any opposing faction in power, even causing Pedro Pablo Kuczynski to resign in March 2018.\nThe sovereign state of Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions. It is classified as an emerging market with a high level of human development and an upper middle income level with a poverty rate around 19 percent. It is one of the region's most prosperous economies with an average growth rate of 5.9% and it has one of the world's fastest industrial growth rates at an average of 9.6%. Its main economic activities include mining, manufacturing, agriculture and fishing; along with other growing sectors such as telecommunications and biotechnology. The country forms part of The Pacific Pumas, a political and economic grouping of countries along Latin America's Pacific coast that share common trends of positive growth, stable macroeconomic foundations, improved governance and an openness to global integration. Peru ranks high in social freedom; it is an active member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Pacific Alliance, the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the World Trade Organization; and is considered as a middle power.Peru has a population of 32 million, which includes Amerindians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechua or other indigenous languages. This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art, cuisine, literature, and music.", "Q1025401": "Scarborough (; 2011 Census 625,698) is a former municipality and an administrative division of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Situated atop the Scarborough Bluffs, it occupies the eastern part of the city. Scarborough is contained within the borders of Victoria Park Avenue on the west, Steeles Avenue to the north, Rouge River and the city of Pickering to the east, and Lake Ontario to the south. It borders Old Toronto, East York and North York in the west and the city of Markham in the north. Scarborough was named after the English town of Scarborough, North Yorkshire.\nFirst settled by Europeans in the 1790s, Scarborough has grown from a collection of small rural villages and farms to become fully urbanized with a diverse cultural community. Incorporated in 1850 as a township, Scarborough became part of Metropolitan Toronto in 1953 and was reconstituted as a borough in 1967. Scarborough rapidly developed as a suburb of Old Toronto over the next decade and became a city in 1983. In 1998, Scarborough and the rest of Metropolitan Toronto were amalgamated into the present city of Toronto. Scarborough still exists in name and as a borough of Toronto. The Scarborough Civic Centre, the former city\u2018s last place of government, is occupied by City of Toronto government offices.\nScarborough is a popular destination for new immigrants in Canada to reside. As a result, it is one of the most diverse and multicultural areas in the Greater Toronto Area, being home to various religious groups and places of worship. It includes a number of natural landmarks, including the Toronto Zoo, Rouge Park and the Scarborough Bluffs. The northeast corner of Scarborough is largely rural with some of Toronto\u2019s last remaining farms, earning Scarborough its reputation of being greener than any other part of Toronto.", "Q333974": "Arthur Edward Guinness, 1st Baron Ardilaun, 2nd Baronet (1 November 1840 \u2013 20 January 1915), known as Sir Arthur Guinness, Bt, between 1868 and 1880, was an Irish businessman, politician, and philanthropist, best known for giving St Stephen's Green back to the people of Dublin.\n\n", "Q499278": "Sonneberg is a town in Thuringia, Germany, which is seat of the district Sonneberg.\nIt has long been a centre of toy making and is still well known for this. It is the home of PIKO, a model railway manufacturer which became one of the few such enterprises in the Warsaw Pact countries and as such supplied model trains depicting railway stock of all the Soviet bloc countries. \nSonneberg is home to the German Toy Museum (\"Deutsches Spielzeugmuseum\").\nIn divided post-war Germany, Sonneberg found itself 'unnaturally' cut off from its large neighbouring town of Coburg and could only face north economically. It was served by an unnaturally winding railway route and thus became somewhat isolated from the rest of East Germany. Its station is classified as a Hauptbahnhof (\"central station\") and is served by the Coburg\u2013Sonneberg line.", "Q155485": "Resurrecting the Champ is a 2007 American drama sports film directed by Rod Lurie. The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Michael Bortman and Allison Burnett, based on a Los Angeles Times Magazine article entitled Resurrecting the Champ, by author J.R. Moehringer. The film centers on a fictionalized former athlete portrayed by Samuel L. Jackson, living on the streets of Denver, who attempts to impersonate the life and career of former professional heavyweight boxer Bob Satterfield. The ensemble cast also features Josh Hartnett, Alan Alda, David Paymer, and Teri Hatcher.\nThe film was a co-production between the motion picture studios of Phoenix Pictures, Alberta Film Entertainment, Battleplan Productions, and the Yari Film Group. Theatrically, it was commercially distributed by the Yari Film Group, while in the home video rental market it was distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. Resurrecting the Champ explores professional ethics, journalism and athletics. On September 25, 2007, the original motion picture soundtrack was released by the Rykodisc record label. The film score was composed and orchestrated by musicians Larry Group\u00e9 and Blake Hazard. Indie Rock band The Submarines also contributed a musical track to the score. In 2008, the film was nominated for an ESPY Award for Best Sports Movie as well as a Young Artist Award in the category of Best Performance in a Feature Film, Young Actor Age Ten or Younger.\nResurrecting the Champ premiered in theaters nationwide in the United States on August 24, 2007 grossing $3,172,573 in domestic ticket receipts. The film took in an additional $69,854 in business through international release for a combined worldwide total of $3,242,427. Preceding its initial screening in cinemas, the film was generally met with positive critical reviews. With its initial foray into the home video marketplace; the widescreen DVD edition of the film featuring theatrical trailers, cast and crew interviews, and commentary with director Lurie among other highlights, was released in the United States on April 8, 2008.", "Q32396": "American Airlines, Inc. (AA) is a major American airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas, within the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth metroplex. It is the world's largest airline when measured by fleet size, scheduled passengers carried, and revenue passenger mile. American, together with its regional partners, operates an extensive international and domestic network with almost 6,800 flights per day to nearly 350 destinations in more than 50 countries. American Airlines is a founding member of the Oneworld alliance, the third-largest airline alliance in the world. Regional service is operated by independent and subsidiary carriers under the brand name American Eagle.American Airlines and American Eagle operate out of ten hubs, with Dallas/Fort Worth being its largest; handling more than 200 million passengers annually with an average of more than 500,000 passengers daily. American operates its primary maintenance base in Tulsa in addition to the maintenance locations at its hubs. As of 2019, the company employs nearly 130,000 people.", "Q108796": "Michael Gross (born 1963) is a science writer based at Oxford and an honorary research fellow at the School of Crystallography, Birkbeck, University of London.\nHe holds a degree in chemistry and a doctorate in natural sciences, both from Regensburg University, Germany. During seven years of post-doctoral research in protein biochemistry at the University of Oxford, he wrote science journalism as a hobby. In 2000, he switched to writing full-time. Occasionally he also acts as a translator, editor, and lecturer.\nMichael Gross is the author of around 30 research papers, over 700 journalistic pieces, and seven books, including Life on the Edge, Travels to the Nanoworld, and Light and Life. He writes in English and German and parts of his work have been translated into French, Spanish and Italian. He is married with three children and lives in Oxford.", "Q815807": "Gassin (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0261as\u025b\u0303]) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur region in southeastern France.\nIt is located very near to the holiday destination of Saint-Tropez. Perched high up on a rock, it is less than 4 km (2.5 mi) from the sea. Many Tropezian tourists attracted by a more affordable life prefer to stay in Gassin and enjoy the same kind of \"Cote d'Azur\" life.It lies 2 kilometres from route D559 which links Hy\u00e8res (41 km) and Sainte-Maxime (12 km).", "Q54013": "Mieszko III the Old (Polish: Mieszko III Stary) (c. 1126/27 \u2013 13 March 1202), of the royal Piast dynasty, was Duke of Greater Poland from 1138 and High Duke of Poland, with interruptions, from 1173 until his death.\nHe was the fourth and second surviving son of Duke Boles\u0142aw III Wrymouth of Poland, by his second wife Salomea, daughter of the German count Henry of Berg-Schelklingen.\n\n", "Q456409": "Thomas Wardell Braden (February 22, 1917 \u2013 April 3, 2009) was an American CIA official, journalist \u2014 best remembered as the author of Eight Is Enough, which spawned a popular television program \u2014 and co-host of the CNN show Crossfire.", "Q2972677": "The cimeti\u00e8re parisien de Thiais is one of three Parisian cemeteries extra muros, and is located in the commune of Thiais, in the Val-de-Marne department, in the \u00cele-de-France region.", "Q555672": "Robert Warwick (October 9, 1878 \u2013 June 6, 1964) was an American stage, film and television actor with over 200 film appearances.", "Q22185": "Beverly Eaves Perdue (born Beverly Marlene Moore; January 14, 1947) is an American businesswoman, politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 73rd Governor of North Carolina from 2009 to 2013. She was the first female governor of North Carolina.\nPerdue started her political career in the 1980s, serving in the North Carolina House of Representatives. She then served five terms in the North Carolina Senate before she was elected as the 32nd Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina. Perdue was elected to the office of Governor of North Carolina in 2008 against Charlotte Mayor Pat McCrory by a 50\u201346 margin.\nOn January 26, 2012, facing sinking approval ratings, Perdue announced that she would not seek reelection in the 2012 gubernatorial election. She left office in January 2013.\n\n", "Q1046824": "David Sullivan (born 5 February 1949) is a Welsh businessman and former pornographer. He graduated in Economics from Queen Mary College, University of London. From 1986 to 2007, he owned the Daily Sport and Sunday Sport which he sold for \u00a340 million.According to The Sunday Times Rich List in 2019, Sullivan is worth \u00a31.15 billion.He is the Joint-Chairman and largest single shareholder of Premier League football team West Ham United F.C. He was previously Joint-Chairman of Birmingham City F.C.", "Q106963": "Abdoulaye Wade (born May 29, 1926) is a Senegalese politician who was President of Senegal from 2000 to 2012. He is also the Secretary-General of the Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS), having led the party since it was founded in 1974. A long-time opposition leader, he ran for President four times, beginning in 1978, before he was elected in 2000. He won re-election in 2007 with a majority in the first round, but in 2012 he was defeated in a controversial bid for a third term.", "Q299023": "Yohana Cobo (born 12 January 1985) is a Spanish actress who began her career as a child actress. She is best known for her role in the film Volver (2006), which earned her a Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress.", "Q385378": "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries. Construction starts with planning, design, and financing; it continues until the project is built and ready for use.\nLarge-scale construction requires collaboration across multiple disciplines. A project manager normally manages the budget on the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or architect supervises it. Those involved with the design and execution must consider zoning requirements, environmental impact of the job, scheduling, budgeting, construction-site safety, availability and transportation of building materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays and bidding. Large construction projects are sometimes referred to as megaprojects.", "Q204672": "Emily Erin Deschanel (; born October 11, 1976) is an American actress, director and producer. She is best known for her role as Dr. Temperance \"Bones\" Brennan in the FOX crime procedural series Bones (2005\u20132017).", "Q192870": "Nokia (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8noki\u0251]) is a town and a municipality on the banks of the Nokianvirta River (Kokem\u00e4enjoki) in the region of Pirkanmaa, some 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Tampere. As of 31 January 2019 it has a population of 33,539.", "Q96346": "Eva Zeller (born 25 January 1923 in Eberswalde, Province of Brandenburg) is a German poet and novelist. She lived in the former East Germany until 1956, then lived for six years in Namibia, and now lives in Germany.\nZeller is also credited as one of the authors of the text on the 1970 experimental music album, Klopfzeichen, by the Berlin-based trio Kluster.", "Q214461": "Adolph Heinrich Joseph Sutro (April 29, 1830 \u2013 August 8, 1898) was a German-American engineer, politician and philanthropist who served as the 24th mayor of San Francisco from 1895 until 1897. Born a German Jew, he moved to Virginia City, Nevada and made a fortune at the Comstock Lode. Several places in San Francisco bear his name in remembrance of his life and contributions to the city.\n\n", "Q178517": "David Jon Gilmour ( GHIL-mor; born 6 March 1946) is an English musician who was a member of the progressive rock band Pink Floyd. He joined the group as guitarist and co-lead vocalist in 1968 shortly before the departure of founding member Syd Barrett. Pink Floyd achieved international success with the concept albums The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here, Animals, and The Wall. By the early 1980s, they had become one of the best-selling and most acclaimed acts in music history; by 2012, the band had sold more than 250 million records worldwide, including 75 million units sold in the United States. Following the departure of Roger Waters in 1985, Pink Floyd continued under Gilmour's leadership and released three more studio albums.\nGilmour has produced a variety of artists, such as the Dream Academy, and has released four solo studio albums: David Gilmour, About Face, On an Island, and Rattle That Lock. He is also credited for bringing singer-songwriter Kate Bush to public attention. As a member of Pink Floyd, he was inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. In 2003, Gilmour was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). He was awarded with the Outstanding Contribution title at the 2008 Q Awards. In 2011, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 14 in their list of the greatest guitarists of all time. He was voted number 36 in the greatest voices in rock by Planet Rock listeners in 2009.Gilmour has taken part in projects related to issues including animal rights, environmentalism, homelessness, poverty, and human rights. He has married twice and is the father of eight children.", "Q289556": "\u00c9tienne Daho (; French: [etj\u025bn dao]; born January 14, 1956 in Oran, French Algeria) is a French singer, songwriter and record producer. He has released a number of synth-driven and rock-surf influenced pop hit singles since 1981.", "Q734552": "Jean-Pierre Lecocq (17 July 1947 \u2013 20 January 1992) was a Belgian molecular biologist and entrepreneur.", "Q110867": "Birgit Breuel (n\u00e9e M\u00fcnchmeyer; born September 7, 1937 in Hamburg-Rissen) is a German politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union (CDU). She is the former President of the Treuhand Agency, and Commissioner General of the Expo 2000 in Hannover, and later worked in several honorary positions.\nBirgit M\u00fcnchmeyer came from a Lower Saxony family of traders and private bankers. She is the daughter of merchant bankers who owned the bank M\u00fcnchmeyer & Co.. On 8 August 1959 she married the Hamburg merchant Ernst-J\u00fcrgen Breuel (born October 7, 1931 in Hamburg). \nBirgit Breuel studied political science at the Universities of Hamburg, Oxford and Geneva. In 1966, she entered into the CDU. From 1978 to 1986 she was Minister of Economy and Transport in Lower Saxony, then to 1990 was the Lower Saxony Finance Minister. In 1990, Breuel was elected to the Executive Board of the Treuhand - a holding firm responsible for the sale of East German state assets. A year later she became the successor of Detlev Karsten Rohwedder. While Rohwedder had been cautious about the sale of most state assets, favouring a worker-owned solution if possible, Breuel favoured quick privatization. She departed in 1995 from this office.\nBreuel then became Commissioner-General of the World Expo Expo 2000 in Hanover.\n\n", "Q168704": "Niki de Saint Phalle (born Catherine-Marie-Agn\u00e8s Fal de Saint Phalle, 29 October 1930 \u2013 21 May 2002) was a French-American sculptor, painter, and filmmaker. Widely noted as one of the few female monumental sculptors, Saint Phalle was also known for her social commitment and work.She had a difficult and traumatic childhood and education, which she wrote about many decades later. After an early marriage and two children, she began creating art in a na\u00efve, experimental style. She first received worldwide attention for angry, violent assemblages which had been shot by firearms. These evolved into Nanas, light-hearted, whimsical, colorful, large-scale sculptures of animals, monsters, and female figures. Her most comprehensive work was the Tarot Garden, a large sculpture garden containing numerous works ranging up to house-sized creations. Her idiosyncratic style has been called \"outsider art\"; she had no formal training in art, but associated freely with many other contemporary artists, writers, and composers.Throughout her creative career, she collaborated with other well-known artists such as Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, Larry Rivers, composer John Cage, and architect Mario Botta, as well as dozens of less-known artists and craftspersons. For several decades, she worked especially closely with Swiss kinetic artist Jean Tinguely, who also became her second husband. In her later years, she suffered from multiple chronic health problems attributed to repeated exposure to glass fibers and petrochemical fumes from the experimental materials she had used in her pioneering artworks, but she continued to create prolifically until the end of her life.\nA critic has observed that Saint Phalle's \"insistence on exuberance, emotion and sensuality, her pursuit of the figurative and her bold use of color have not endeared her to everyone in a minimalist age\". She was well known in Europe, but her work was little-seen in the US, until her final years in San Diego. Another critic said: \"The French-born, American-raised artist is one of the most significant female and feminist artists of the 20th century, and one of the few to receive recognition in the male-dominated art world during her lifetime\".", "Q2925049": "Fe Villanueva del Mundo, , (born F\u00e9 Primitiva del Mundo y Villanueva; 27 November 1911 \u2013 6 August 2011) was a Filipina pediatrician, the founder of the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines. Her pioneering work in pediatrics in the Philippines while in active medical practice spanned eight decades. She gained international recognition, including the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service in 1977. In 1980, she was conferred the rank and title of National Scientist of the Philippines, and in 2010, she was conferred the Order of Lakandula. She was the first female enrolled in Harvard Medical School.\n\n", "Q167437": "The Jackal is a 1997 American political action thriller film directed by Michael Caton-Jones, and starring Bruce Willis, Richard Gere, and Sidney Poitier. The film involves the hunt for a paid assassin. It is a remake of the 1973 British-French film The Day of the Jackal, which starred Edward Fox. The film earned mostly negative reviews from critics, but was successful at the box office, grossing $159.3 million worldwide against a $60 million budget.", "Q75963": "Franz Josef Heinrich Georg Meyers (31 July 1908 \u2013 27 January 2002) was a German politician (CDU) and the 4th Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia between 21 July 1958 and 8 December 1966. He was born and died in M\u00f6nchengladbach.", "Q1188387": "Trym Torson (born Kai Johnny Mosaker), or just Trym, is a Norwegian drummer, formerly with Zyklon. Torson started playing in the Viking metal band Enslaved and was later invited to play in black metal band Emperor. He co-founded Zyklon together with Emperor member Samoth. His style is heavily influenced by jazz, and he is known for his fast playing, often consisting of blast beats and double-bass drumming. He is also a tattoo artist.In 2007, Torson lent his voice to an animated character from the Adult Swim cartoon, Metalocalypse, in the episode \"Dethfashion\". He also played on Egyptian artist Nader Sadek's Faceless project, contributing drums on the song Faithless written by Steve Tucker. Torson recorded most of the drums on the Abigail Williams album In the Shadow of a Thousand Suns.Trym is most recently dabbling in filmmaking as a producer and actor. He began production on a feature film in April 2012, with his longtime friend, Stacy Paul Rugely, an established filmmaker and musician himself.", "Q1077347": "Christopher John Holmes (born June 23, 1958) is an American heavy metal guitarist and songwriter. Holmes started his musical career in the Pasadena, California area in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He is best known as the lead guitarist of heavy metal band W.A.S.P. Together with Blackie Lawless and Randy Piper he was one of the founding members of the band. Holmes was a member of W.A.S.P. first from 1982 to 1990, and again from 1996 to 2001.", "Q7395792": "Saba T. Soomekh (Persian: \u0635\u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u062e\u200e) is an Iranian-born American professor and author.", "Q90051": "Elisabeth \"Elli\" Maria Erl (born 25 May 1979) is a German singer\u2013songwriter and teacher. She came to fame as the winner of the second season of the television show Deutschland sucht den Superstar, the German Idol series adaptation. With DSDS, Erl appeared on the collaborative top ten single \"Believe in Miracles\", while her coronation song and debut single \"This Is My Life\" peaked at number three on the German Singles Chart and reached the top ten in Austria. Erl's pop rock\u2013influenced debut studio album, Shout It Out (2003), reached the top forty of the German Albums Chart but was significantly less successful than previous DSDS releases.\nErl has since released three further albums, including Moving On (2007), Neue Generation (2008) and her latest effort Human (2009). While none of the singles released from these albums became major hit singles on the pop charts, songs such as \"In My Dream\", \"Not My Type\", \"Get Up\" and \"Can't Deny It\" entered the German Singles Chart. In 2005, Erl graduated in music and sports from University of Regensburg and is since working as a teacher at a secondary school in D\u00fcsseldorf. In 2011, she released the autobiography Gecastet.", "Q545307": "William Perry Clements Jr. (April 13, 1917 \u2013 May 29, 2011) was an American businessman and Republican Party politician who served two non-consecutive terms as Governor of Texas between 1979 and 1991. His terms bookended the sole term served by Mark Wells White, a Democrat who defeated Clements in the 1982 election only to lose his campaign for re-election in 1986. \nWhen Clements was first sworn in in 1979, he became the first Republican to have served as governor of Texas since Reconstruction. When Clements left office for good at the end of his second term in 1991, his eight total years in office were the most served by any Texas governor until Rick Perry surpassed his total in 2009. Clements was the first governor to be elected to multiple terms since Texas changed its constitution in 1972 to extend their governor's term of office to four years; since then, Perry and his predecessor, George W. Bush and successor, Greg Abbott, also Republicans, have also won multiple terms.\nBefore he became Governor of Texas, Clements made his fortune in crude oil and served as United States Deputy Secretary of Defense for President Richard Nixon. After his first gubernatorial term ended, Clements joined the administrative staff at Southern Methodist University where he served as Chairman of the Board of Governors; while there, he presided over a massive pay-to-play system in the school's football program that resulted in catastrophic consequences for the team and the end of his political career.", "Q441613": "Ewa Wi\u015bniewska (born 25 April 1942) is a Polish actress. Her sister, Ma\u0142gorzata Niemirska, is also an actress.\nWi\u015bniewska was awarded the Order of Polonia Restituta, one of Poland's highest Orders, and many other Orders, including Gold Cross of Merit.", "Q4588976": "Wilhelm Christian Ottesen Keilhau (30 July 1888 \u2013 9 June 1954) was a Norwegian historian and economist.", "Q427596": "A Bullet for the General (Original title: El Chucho Qui\u00e9n Sabe?) is a 1966 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by Damiano Damiani starring Gian Maria Volont\u00e9, Lou Castel, Klaus Kinski and Martine Beswick. The film tells the story of El Chuncho, a bandit, and Bill Tate (or El Ni\u0148o), who is a counter-revolutionary in Mexico. Chuncho soon learns that social revolution is more important than mere money.", "Q455666": "Ho Ching (Chinese: \u4f55\u6676; pinyin: H\u00e9 J\u012bng; Wade\u2013Giles: Ho2 Ching1; Cantonese Yale: H\u00f2h J\u012bng) (born March 27, 1953) is a Singaporean business executive\u2014the chief executive officer of Temasek Holdings (since 2004). She is married to the current prime minister of Singapore, Lee Hsien Loong.\nHo first joined Temasek Holdings as a director in January 2002, then became its executive director in May 2002, and was appointed chief executive officer on January 1, 2004. As of 2018, she is listed as the 17th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.", "Q250545": "Baz Luhrmann (born Mark Anthony Luhrmann, 17 September 1962) is an Australian director, writer, and producer with projects spanning film, television, opera, theatre, music, and recording industries. He is regarded by many as a contemporary example of an auteur for his style and deep involvement in the writing, directing, design, and musical components of all his work. He is the most commercially successful Australian director, with four of his films in the top ten highest worldwide grossing Australian films of all time.On the screen he is best known for his \"Red Curtain Trilogy,\" comprising his romantic comedy film Strictly Ballroom (1992), the romantic tragedy William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet (1996), and Moulin Rouge! (2001). Following the trilogy, projects included Australia (2008), The Great Gatsby (2013), and his television period drama The Get Down for Netflix. Additional projects include stage productions of Giacomo Puccini's La boh\u00e8me for both the Australian Opera and Broadway and Strictly Ballroom the Musical.\nLuhrmann is equally known for his Grammy-nominated soundtracks for Moulin Rouge! and The Great Gatsby, as well as his record label House of Iona, a co-venture with RCA Records. Serving as producer on all of his musical soundtracks, he also holds writing credits on many of the individual tracks. His album Something For Everybody features music from many of his films and also includes his hit \"Everybody's Free (To Wear Sunscreen)\".\nLuhrmann's influence has extended outside the traditional realm of media and entertainment. Deeply involved in the fashion and art worlds, Luhrmann's No. 5 the Film for Chanel not only holds a Guinness World Record for the highest budget for an advertising commercial ever produced, but pioneered the now commonplace genre of fashion film and branded content. Luhrmann works closely with the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Anna Wintour Costume Center, having chaired the annual Met Gala as well as producing a short film for the museum, celebrating Miuccia Prada and Elsa Schiaparelli. More recently he and his wife Catherine Martin have adapted their style for projects in events, retail, architecture and design with Barneys New York and developer and hotelier Alan Faena.", "Q736345": "Aufstieg und Niedergang der r\u00f6mischen Welt, commonly referred to by its German acronym, ANRW, or in English as Rise and Decline of the Roman World, is an extensive collection of books dealing with the history and culture of ancient Rome. Akin to a journal and published in various series, each number of the ANRW comprises scholarly essays contributed by individual authors. The essays are in various modern European languages, but are primarily written in German or English. \nThe series is currently published in its second series (Part 2), the Principat series (that is, relating to the period of the Roman Principate).", "Q739076": "Frederick Stibbert (9 November 1838 \u2013 10 April 1906) was an English art collector and businessman, although he was born in Italy. His figure is mainly linked to the work to which he dedicated his entire life, the Stibbert Museum, gathering a collection of the most disparate genres of art and applied arts, with particular regard to the collection of ancient weapons and armors, among the most conspicuous and important in the world of its kind. His name is also spelled Federigo or Federico Stibbert.", "Q2982590": "Mahmut Gazi Ya\u015fargil (born July 6, 1925) is a Turkish medical scientist and neurosurgeon. He collaborated with Raymond M. P. Donaghy M.D at the University of Vermont in developing microneurosurgery. Ya\u015fargil treated epilepsy and brain tumors with instruments of his own design. From 1953 until his retirement in 1993 he was first resident, chief resident and then professor and chairman of the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Zurich and the Zurich University Hospital. In 1999 he was honored as \"Neurosurgery\u2019s Man of the Century 1950\u20131999\" at the Congress of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting.\nHe is a founding member of Eurasian Academy. He is regarded as one of the greatest neurosurgeons in the modern age.", "Q16546": "Piz Badus or Six Madun is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, lying on the border between the cantons of Uri and Graub\u00fcnden.\nIn its northwestern face, which is the Graub\u00fcnden side, lies Tomasee, source of the Anterior Rhine. \nIt is possible to reach the lake on a path from Oberalp Pass, suitable for most walkers although still a mountain trail.", "Q92646": "John Henry Holland (February 2, 1929 \u2013 August 9, 2015) was an American scientist and Professor of psychology and Professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He was a pioneer in what became known as genetic algorithms.", "Q69392": "Karl Rudolf Werner Braune (11 April 1909 \u2212 7 June 1951) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era and a Holocaust perpetrator. During the German invasion of the Soviet Union of 1941, Braune was the commander of Einsatzkommando 11b, part of Einsatzgruppe D. Braune organized and conducted mass murders of Jews in the Army Group South Rear Area, the Reichskommissariat Ukraine (southern Ukraine and in the Crimea). For his role in these crimes, Braune was tried before the Nuremberg Military Tribunal in 1948 in the Einsatzgruppen trial. He was convicted, sentenced to death and executed in 1951.", "Q974221": "Howard Bernstein (born 18 April 1963, Glasgow, Scotland), professionally known as Howie B, is Scottish musician, producer and DJ, who has worked with artists including: Bj\u00f6rk, U2, Tricky, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Soul II Soul, Robbie Robertson, Elisa, Mukul Deora and The Gift.", "Q79181": "Leopold Graf von Thun und Hohenstein (7 April 1811 \u2013 17 December 1888) was a leading Austrian statesman from the Thun und Hohenstein family.", "Q662066": "Heinrich Schiff (18 November 1951 \u2013 23 December 2016) was an Austrian cellist and conductor. \n\n", "Q443004": "Elizabeth Larrieu Torres (born September 27, 1947) is an American actress, singer, and comedian. Torres is best known for her role as Mahalia Sanchez in the NBC comedy series The John Larroquette Show (1993\u20131996), for which she received two Primetime Emmy and Golden Globe Awards nominations. She is also known for her role as Patricia \"Miss Patty\" LaCosta in The WB family drama series Gilmore Girls (2000\u201307).", "Q175027": "12 Rounds is a British rock band formed by Atticus Ross and singer Claudia Sarne, who are married. After the release of their first album, Jitter Juice, they toured with the Sneaker Pimps. 12 Rounds played the Reading Festival in 1996. Their song \"Something's Burning\" was featured on the soundtrack to the 1997 film All Over Me, and \"Just Another Day,\" their collaboration with Pale 3, was featured on the soundtrack to the 2000 film The Princess and the Warrior. The group released a few projects under various record labels before releasing My Big Hero under Trent Reznor's Nothing Records. They were the opening act on Marilyn Manson's Mechanical Animals promo tour that ranged from September to December 1998. A follow-up album was recorded with Reznor as producer; it remains unreleased. Ross has nonetheless worked with Reznor on every Nine Inch Nails album since With Teeth as well as other projects.\n12 Rounds re-obtained rights to songs from the unreleased third album and plan on releasing singles on their official website. The first song released is titled \"Shine On.\"", "Q674610": "Monte Lema (1,621 m) is a mountain of the Lugano Prealps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. Its summit can easily reached by cable car from the village of Miglieglia (Ticino).", "Q455672": "Bernice Jan Liu (born January 6, 1979) is a Canadian actress, singer, and commercial model based in Hong Kong. She has previously held the title Miss Chinese Vancouver 2000 as well as Miss Chinese International 2001, the latter position bringing her fame in Hong Kong. Liu left TVB in 2011 to pursue a singing career.\nLiu was best known for her role as Princess Sam-tin in the long-running TVB sitcom, Virtues of Harmony, which was also her first role after joining TVB in 2001. Liu's singing breakthrough came to an attention in 2005 after she lent her voice for the theme song of the 2005 TVB serial drama, Into Thin Air. The theme song, \"Truth,\" was Liu's first theme song and was one of the primary promotional songs for the TVB compilation album, Lady in Red (2006), which sold past 10,000 copies in the first day of release. Liu was also listed by critics as one of the few TVB artists to look forward to in a future singing career.", "Q2788498": "Louis Loucheur (12 August 1872 in Roubaix, Nord \u2013 22 November 1931 in Paris) was a French politician in the Third Republic, at first a member of the conservative Republican Federation, then of the Democratic Republican Alliance and of the Independent Radicals.", "Q123261": "Conrad Ferdinand Meyer (11 October 1825 \u2013 28 November 1898) was a Swiss poet and historical novelist, a master of realism chiefly remembered for stirring narrative ballads like \"Die F\u00fc\u00dfe im Feuer\" (The Feet in the Fire).", "Q838759": "Westminster is a city in northern Orange County, California known for its many Vietnamese refugees who immigrated to the city during the 1980s. They settled largely in Little Saigon, and the city is known as the \"capital\" of overseas Vietnamese with 36,058 Vietnamese Americans and at 40.2% (2010), the highest municipal prevalence of Vietnamese Americans. Westminster was founded in 1870 by Rev. Lemuel Webber as a Presbyterian temperance colony and was incorporated in 1957.\nWestminster is bordered by the city of Seal Beach on the west, by Garden Grove on the north and east, and by Huntington Beach and Fountain Valley on the south. Santa Ana, the county seat of Orange County, is right next to Westminster on the east but is divided by a small part of Garden Grove. Westminster borders the unincorporated area of Midway City, except for a small portion where Midway City borders Huntington Beach on the south.\nWestminster won the All-America City Award in 1996.In the court case, Mendez v. Westminster, a Hispanic man sued the Westminster School District for forcing his daughter, Sylvia Mendez, to attend a run-down school because of her race. They eventually won and thus began the process of desegregation. Sylvia Mendez was later awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama in February 15, 2011.", "Q19661": "Anahit Misak \"Ana\" Kasparian (; born July 7, 1986) is an American political commentator, university instructor, and writer. She is the main host and a producer of the online news show The Young Turks, having begun working as a fill-in producer for the show in 2007. She also appeared on the television version of the show that aired on Current TV. She formerly hosted The Point on the TYT Network and currently co-hosts a Jacobin magazine YouTube show, Weekends with Ana Kasparian and Michael Brooks.", "Q16552": "San Diego (, Spanish: [san \u02c8dje\u0263o]; Spanish for '\"Saint Didacus\"') is a city in the U.S. state of California on the coast of the Pacific Ocean, approximately 120 miles (190 km) south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico. With an estimated population of 1,425,976 as of July 1, 2018, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego\u2013Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the U.S. and a bordering country after Detroit\u2013Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. The city is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches, long association with the United States Navy, and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center.\nSan Diego has been called \"the birthplace of California\". Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, it was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodr\u00edguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcal\u00e1, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly declared Mexican Empire, which reformed as the First Mexican Republic two years later. California became part of the United States in 1848 following the Mexican\u2013American War and was admitted to the union as a state in 1850.\nThe city is the seat of San Diego County and is the economic center of the region as well as the San Diego\u2013Tijuana metropolitan area. San Diego's main economic engines are military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, and manufacturing. The presence of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), with the affiliated UCSD Medical Center, has helped make the area a center of research in biotechnology.", "Q3182979": "Johnny Unser (born October 22, 1958) is a former race car driver. He is the son of open wheel driver Jerry Unser, cousin of Al Unser, Jr. and Robby Unser, nephew of Al Unser and Bobby Unser, and first cousin once removed of Alfred Unser. Unser's father, Jerry, died in a racing accident when Unser was seven months old. He made 5 starts in CART in 1993 and 1994 with a best result of 15th. He joined the Indy Racing League in its inaugural 1996 season but had a transmission failure during the pace lap of what would've been his first Indianapolis 500 and was not credited with a race start. In 1997 he made his first start in the Indy 500 starting in the 35th position after League and Speedway owner Tony George added his and Lyn St. James' car to the field because slower cars than theirs were guaranteed starting positions because of prior races. He went on to finish 18th, his best \"500\" result in 5 starts. Unser drove the majority of his IRL races for Hemelgarn Racing and in his 14 career IRL starts he had a best finish of 9th in his very first series start in 1996 at Phoenix International Raceway. His last major open wheel race was the 2000 Indy 500.\nOn January 14 2008 Johnny Unser was named as the race director for the 2008 Champ Car Atlantic Championship. He is currently a driver coach and adviser to the Mazda Road to Indy and racing adviser and spokesman for Cooper Tire. He is an official for Indycar in Race Control and is also the owner of Unser Racing, Karting and Entertainment track in Denver, Colorado..\n\n", "Q210175": "The Security Service, also known as MI5 (Military Intelligence, Section 5), is the United Kingdom's domestic counter-intelligence and security agency and is part of its intelligence machinery alongside the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) and Defence Intelligence (DI). MI5 is directed by the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC), and the service is bound by the Security Service Act 1989. The service is directed to protect British parliamentary democracy and economic interests, and counter terrorism and espionage within the UK.\nWithin the civil service community the service is colloquially known as Box 500 (after its official wartime address of PO Box 500; its current address is PO Box 3255, London SW1P 1AE).", "Q711936": "Sam Chatmon (born Vivian Chatmon; January 10, 1897 \u2013 February 2, 1983) was a Delta blues guitarist and singer. He was a member of the Mississippi Sheiks. He may have been Charley Patton's half-brother.", "Q1626421": "Ihor Valeriyovych Kolomoyskyi (Ukrainian: \u0406\u0433\u043e\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439; Russian: \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, Igor Valerevich Kolomoisky; Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d9\u05d2\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05d5\u05d9\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9; born 13 February 1963) is a Cypriot-Ukrainian billionaire business oligarch and the former Governor of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.Kolomoyskyi is rated as the second or third richest person in Ukraine (after Rinat Akhmetov and/or Viktor Pinchuk) since 2006. and 1941st richest person in the world according to the Forbes magazine list of billionaires (as of 2019). In March 2015 The Economist listed his net worth as $1.36 billion. Kolomoyskyi is the leading partner of the Privat Group and a de facto chairman of the FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk.In 2019, Ihor Kolomoyskyi was included in the list of the 100 most influential Ukrainians by Focus magazine, taking the 3rd place.", "Q172990": "Domenico \"Mimmo\" Schiattarella (born 17 November 1967) is an Italian racing driver. He participated in 7 Formula One Grands Prix for Simtek, debuting on October 16, 1994, and finishing when the team folded the next year. He scored no championship points, with a best finish of 9th in the 1995 Argentine Grand Prix. He has also participated in several CART races, Le Mans Series and American Le Mans Series events.\n\n", "Q96434": "Hermine \"Hertha\" Pohl (24 July 1889 in Krappitz, Upper Silesia \u2013 4 October 1954 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German writer. She wrote twelve published books between 1922 and 1950.", "Q272096": "Andrea Leeds (born Antoinette Lees, August 18, 1914 \u2013 May 21, 1984) was an American film actress. A popular supporting player of the late 1930s, Leeds was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Stage Door (1937). She was progressing to leading roles, when she retired from acting following her marriage in 1939, and was later a successful horse breeder.", "Q3519776": "Kalanithi Maran (born 24 July 1965) is an Indian media baron who is the chairman and founder of the Sun Group. He owns television channels, newspapers, weeklies, FM Radio stations, DTH services and a movie production house. He also held a major share in the Indian airline Spice Jet from 2010 to 2015.", "Q131665": "Lola Pagnani (born 3 April 1972) is an Italian actress.\nShe was born in Rome as Anna Lola Pagnani Stavros, the daughter of writer and screenplayer Enzo Pagnani. She graduated in Paris at the age of 17 years in contemporary dance, and was the first dancer of Momix for the World Tour, and successively collaborated on the choreography of the Cirque du Soleil in Montr\u00e9al. She was first dancer at the Opera House in Munich under the direction of Lina Wertm\u00fcller and conductor Giuseppe Sinopoli. Afterwards she graduated in contemporary dance at Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater in New York City. Later she studied acting at the HB Studio, also in New York. She then returned to Italy.\nBack in Italy she started working with members of the Italian and international cinema and theatre, such as Ettore Scola, Giulio Base, Lina Wertm\u00fcller; she also played for Spike Lee and John Turturro and Abel Ferrara. In Italy she was a testimonial of Lavazza with Tullio Solenghi and Riccardo Garrone and worked for two consecutive years at the talkshow Maurizio Costanzo Show. She was invited to work with Enrico Montesano, Marco Columbro, Barbara De Rossi, Blas Roca Rey, Enrico Brignano, Nino Manfredi, Vittorio Gassman and Shelley Winters, who took her under her personal custody to study to Los Angeles at the Actor's Studio. She also studied privately with Teddey Sherman in Los Angeles.\nShe worked with Rai International in New York in several programs and hosted PoP Italia. She can boast collaborations with the magazine Associazione Via Condotti of Gianni Battistoni.\nLately she has decided to make a documentary along with American producer and director Melissa Balin, inspired by a personal legal fact as a victim of a camorra plot. The project is named Women Seeking Justice and will include stories of injustice from all over the globe. She speaks Italian, French, Spanish and English fluently.", "Q669127": "Vagrant Records is an American record label based in California. It was founded in 1995 by Rich Egan and Jon Cohen. The label focuses on rock, but features artists in a variety of other genres including folk, soul, electronic, and pop. It is home to artists such as The 1975, Death Spells, Eels, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeroes, CRUISR, Active Child, PJ Harvey, School of Seven Bells, Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, James Vincent McMorrow, Black Joe Lewis, Wake Owl, Blitzen Trapper, and Bombay Bicycle Club. Originally, Vagrant Records was mostly focused on emo bands such as Dashboard Confessional, Saves the Day, The Get Up Kids, Senses Fail, and Alkaline Trio.\nIn 2014, Vagrant was acquired by BMG Rights Management. Co-founder Jon Cohen then became BMG's executive vice president of recorded music, until he left the company in September 2017. It remains to be distributed autonomously (outside of BMG's main distribution partner Warner Music Group), by affiliated labels in selected countries.", "Q14345": "Roh Moo-hyun (Korean: \ub178\ubb34\ud604; Hanja: \u76e7\u6b66\u9249; RR: No Muhyeon; Korean pronunciation: [no mu\u00e7\u028cn]) GOM (1 September 1946 \u2013 23 May 2009) was a South Korean politician who served as President of South Korea (2003\u20132008). Roh's pre-presidential political career was focused on human rights advocacy for student activists in South Korea. His electoral career later expanded to a focus on overcoming regionalism in South Korean politics, culminating in his election to the presidency. He achieved a large following among younger internet users, particularly at the website OhMyNews, which aided his success in the presidential election.Roh's election was notable for the arrival in power of a new generation of Korean politicians, the so-called 386 Generation (people in their thirties, when the term was coined, who had attended university in the 1980s and who were born in the 1960s). This generation had been veterans of student protests against authoritarian rule and advocated a conciliatory approach towards North Korea, even at the expense of good relations with the United States. Roh himself was the first South Korean president to be born after the end of Japanese rule in Korea.\nSouth Korea received the highest marks on the Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index under his administration. The value of the South Korean won against the US dollar was the strongest during his administration since 1997. Due to the strong currency, for the first time in history, South Korea became the world's 10th largest economy and exceeded the $20,000 milestone in nominal GDP per capita during his administration.\nHowever, due to his poor performance in economy and diplomacy, Roh was not a popular president, having the worst approval rating on average ever recorded in South Korean political history. His economic policy was often criticized for persisting with certain obsolete economic views and failing certain livelihood issues. There was considerable friction between South Korea and the US. Former Bush administration officials such as Condoleezza Rice and Robert Gates, in their published memoirs, claimed that Roh was anti-American and disclosed that there had been numerous conflicts between the US and South Korea because of Roh's unpredictability. There has been criticism that Roh's anti-Americanism, nationalism, and pro-North Korean views contributed to a contradiction in diplomacy and impaired credibility among other states. It also led to a decline in some of his popular support, especially among the older generation.Despite high expectations in the beginning, his presidency encountered strong opposition from the conservative Grand National Party and media. They constantly accused him of incompetence, and insulting criticism was frequently published in the media. As a result, many of Roh's policies, including a plan to move the capital and a plan to form a coalition with the opposition, were also attacked and made little progress.\nAfter leaving office, Roh returned to his hometown of Bongha Maeul. He ran a duck farm and lived an ordinary life, sharing it through his blog. He also ran a website called \"Democracy 2.0\" to promote healthy online discussions. Fourteen months later, Roh was suspected of bribery by prosecutors, and the subsequent investigations attracted public attention. Roh committed suicide on 23 May 2009 by jumping from a mountain cliff behind his home, after saying that \"there are too many people suffering because of me\" on a suicide note on his PC. About 4 million people visited Roh's hometown Bongha Village in the week following his death. His suicide was confirmed by police.", "Q110873": "Alf Marholm (1918\u20132006) was a German actor.", "Q89514": "Luise Neumann (7 December 1818 \u2013 17 October 1905) was a German actress, the daughter of the actress Amalie Haizinger. Her younger sister, Adolfine Neumann, was also an esteemed actress of the period.\nShe made her debut at the age of 16 in a performance of the Deutschen Hausfrau in Karlsruhe. In 1839, she joined the Burgtheater in Vienna, of which she was a member until 1856. On 14 January 1857, she married Karl Graf von Sch\u00f6nfeld and ended her career as an actor.", "Q16269992": "Mary Kathleen O'Malley (March 31, 1924 \u2013 February 25, 2019) was an American film and television actress, who was the daughter of vaudevillian and actor Pat O'Malley. Her screen debut came during the silent film era as a thirteen month old baby in 1926, when she appeared alongside her father and her sister Sheila in the western My Old Dutch.O'Malley went on to appear in several films and television shows during a seven decade career, including Cover Girl, Lady on a Train, Two Tickets to Broadway, Gunsmoke, Maverick, Rawhide and General Hospital. O'Malley also appeared in the second season of Barnaby Jones; episode titled, \"Blind Terror\" (09/16/1973). Her last acting credit came in 1998 when she appeared in the short-lived American crime drama Buddy Faro.", "Q167423": "Alexandra of Greece and Denmark (Greek: \u0391\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1, Serbo-Croatian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430/Aleksandra; 25 March 1921 \u2013 30 January 1993) was, by marriage to King Peter II, the last Queen of Yugoslavia.\nPosthumous daughter of King Alexander of Greece and his morganatic wife Aspasia Manos, Alexandra was not part of the Greek royal family until July 1922, when at the behest of Queen Sophia, a law was passed which retroactively recognized marriages of members of the royal family, although on a non-dynastic basis; in consequence, she obtained the style and name of Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark. At the same time, a serious political and military crisis, linked to the defeat of Greece by Turkey in Anatolia, led to the deposition and exile of the royal family, beginning in 1924. Being the only members of the dynasty allowed to remain in the country by the Second Hellenic Republic, the princess and her mother later found refuge in Italy, with Dowager Queen Sophia.\nAfter three years with her paternal grandmother, Alexandra left Florence to continue her studies in the United Kingdom, while her mother settled in Venice. Separated from her mother, the princess fell ill, forcing Aspasia to make her leave the boarding school where she was studying. After the restoration of her uncle, King George II, on the Hellenic throne in 1935, Alexandra stayed in her native country several times but the outbreak of the Greco-Italian War, in 1940, forcing her and her mother to settle in Athens. The invasion of Greece by the Axis powers in April\u2013May 1941, however, led to their moving to the United Kingdom. Again exiled, Alexandra met in London the young King Peter II of Yugoslavia, who also went into exile after the invasion of his country by the Germans.\nQuickly, Alexandra and Peter II fell in love and planned to marry. Opposition from both Peter's mother, Maria, and the Yugoslav government in exile forced the couple to delay their marriage plans until 1944, when they finally celebrated their wedding. A year later, Alexandra gave birth to her only son, Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia. However, the happiness of the family was short-lived: on 29 November 1945, Marshal Tito proclaimed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Alexandra, who had never set foot in her adopted country, was left without a crown. The abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy had very serious consequences for the royal couple. Penniless and unable to adapt to the role of citizen, Peter II turned to alcoholism and multiple affairs with other women. Depressed by the behaviour of her husband, Alexandra neglected her son and made several suicide attempts. After the death of Peter II in 1970, Alexandra's health continued to deteriorate. She died of cancer in 1993 and her remains were buried in the Royal Cemetery Plot in the park of Tatoi in Greece, before being transferred to the Royal Mausoleum of Oplenac in 2013.", "Q242155": "Lana Maria Parrilla (born July 15, 1977) is an American actress. Parrilla is known for her roles on television and radio. She was a regular cast member in the fifth season of the ABC sitcom Spin City from 2000 to 2001. She later starred in Boomtown (2002-2003), Windfall (2006), Swingtown (2008) and as Dr. Eva Zambrano in the short-lived medical drama Miami Medical (2010). She also played the role of Sarah Gavin during the fourth season of the Fox series 24 in 2005. From 2011 until 2018, Parrilla starred as The Evil Queen/Regina Mills in the ABC fantasy drama series, Once Upon a Time. In 2016 Parrilla won a Teen Choice Award for Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress.", "Q668239": "Borgnone is a hamlet part of the municipality of Centovalli in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. Not to be confused with much bigger Camedo or with Lionza or Costa. It is serviced by the train station of Borgnone-Cadanza.", "Q3934279": "Ricardo Antonio Merlo (born 25 May 1962 in Buenos Aires) is an Italian politician, leader of the Associative Movement Italians Abroad. Born and resident in Argentina, he acquired Italian citizenship through Jus sanguinis.", "Q5336640": "Eddy Chandler (March 12, 1894 \u2013 March 23, 1948) was an American actor who appeared, mostly uncredited, in more than 350 films. Three of these films won the Academy Award for Best Picture: It Happened One Night (1934), You Can't Take It with You (1938), and Gone with the Wind (1939). Chandler was born in the small Iowa city of Wilton Junction and died in Los Angeles.", "Q735658": "Cigerxw\u00een or Cegerxw\u00een (pronounced Jigar Khwin; 1903 \u2013 October 22, 1984) was a renowned Kurdish polymath and nationalist.\nHe is known to be one of the most influential Kurdish writers and poets in the Kurdistan region of the Middle East, and his work has been renewed for the creation of hundreds of songs and played a crucial role in the preservation of Kurdish cultural heritage.", "Q128452": "X-Men are a team of fictional mutant superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by artist/co-writer Jack Kirby and writer Stan Lee, the characters first appeared in The X-Men #1 (September 1963) and formed one of the most recognizable and successful franchises of Marvel Comics, appearing in numerous books, television shows, films, and video games.\nMost of the X-Men are mutants, a subspecies of humans who are born with superhuman abilities activated by the \"X-Gene\". The X-Men fight for peace and equality between normal humans and mutants in a world where anti-mutant bigotry is fierce and widespread. They are led by Charles Xavier, also known as Professor X, a powerful mutant telepath who can control and read minds. Their archenemy is Magneto, a powerful mutant with the ability to manipulate and control magnetic fields who leads the Brotherhood of Mutants. Both have opposing views and philosophies regarding the relationship between mutants and humans. While the former works towards peace and understanding between mutants and humans, the latter views humans as a threat and believes in taking an aggressive approach against them, though he has found himself working alongside the X-Men from time to time.\nProfessor X is the founder of Xavier's School for Gifted Youngsters at a location commonly called the X-Mansion, which recruits mutants from around the world to teach them how to use their powers and coexist with humanity. Located in Salem Center in Westchester County, New York, the X-Mansion is the home and training site of the X-Men. The founding five members of the X-Men who appear in The X-Men #1 (September 1963) are Angel-Archangel, Beast, Cyclops, Iceman and Jean Grey (as Marvel Girl); Professor X and Magneto also made their first appearances in The X-Men #1 and later on new members such as Havok, Polaris, Mimic and Changeling joined though only the former two managed to become a regular recurring staple of the team lineup. Eventually more well known X-Men included Wolverine, Storm, Rogue, Gambit, Jubilee, Nightcrawler, Colossus, Kitty Pryde/Shadowcat, Psylocke and Bishop. Since then, dozens of mutants from various countries and diverse backgrounds, and even a number of non-mutants, have held membership as X-Men.\nThe X-Men has appeared in a wide variety of media outside of comic books, including a number of different animated television series and direct-to-video films. Most notably, the superhero team is the predominant focus of the X-Men film series with each film drawing influences from the comic book storylines.\nAfter a decade of being overshadowed by the Avengers, in 2019 writer Jonathan Hickman helmed the Dawn of X relaunch of the X-Men, propelling them to the forefront of Marvel once again.\n\n", "Q3271849": "L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus (5 March 1833 \u2013 9 April 1915) was a French investor and businessman, founder of the Louis Dreyfus Group, and patriarch of the Louis-Dreyfus family.\nThe French government awarded him the title Commander of the Legion of Honour in 1912.", "Q361940": "Norman \"Hurricane\" Smith (22 February 1923 \u2013 3 March 2008) was an English musician, record producer and engineer.", "Q347039": "James Gideon \"Gid\" Tanner (June 6, 1885 \u2013 May 13, 1960) was an American old-time fiddler and one of the earliest stars of what would come to be known as country music. His band, the Skillet Lickers, was one of the most innovative and influential string bands of the 1920s and 1930s. Its most notable members were Clayton McMichen (fiddle and vocal), Dan Hornsby (vocals), Riley Puckett (guitar and vocal) and Robert Lee Sweat (guitar).", "Q2386124": "Conservatori Superior de M\u00fasica del Liceu (Catalan pronunciation: [kuns\u0259\u027e\u03b2\u0259\u02c8t\u0254\u027ei sup\u0259\u027ei\u02c8o \u00f0\u0259 \u02c8muzik\u0259 \u00f0\u0259l li\u02c8s\u025bw]) is a music college in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It was created in 1837 with the name Liceo Filo-dram\u00e1tico de Montesi\u00f3n.\nIn 1847 the institution inaugurated the opera house Gran Teatre del Liceu. In 1854, the Liceo Filarm\u00f3nico and the Gran Teatre del Liceu separated administratively. Nevertheless, both entities have always remained closely linked.\n\nAmong its students have been, among other, artists as: singers Francisco Vi\u00f1as, Maria Barrientos, Josefina Huguet, Conchita Superv\u00eda, Mercedes Capsir, Elvira de Hidalgo, Miguel Fleta, Victoria de los \u00c1ngeles, Jaume Aragall, Montserrat Caball\u00e9, Manuel Ausensi, Jos\u00e9 Carreras, Eduard Gim\u00e9nez, Dalmacio Gonz\u00e1lez, Juan Pons, Nuria Rial, Josep Bros; guitarist Renata Tarrag\u00f3; pianist Frank Marshall or composers Leonardo Balada, Llu\u00eds Benejam, Agusti Grau Joan Guinjoan, Joan Lamote de Grignon, Ricard Lamote de Grignon, Frederic Mompou, Carles Santos, Manuel Valls, and Joaquim Zamacois. Many of them also became professors there upon completion of their studies, including Renata Tarrag\u00f3. Among the professors there were Catalan composers Enric Morera, Graciano Tarrag\u00f3 and German composer Engelbert Humperdinck. The Barcelona Guitar Orchestra is based there.\nSince 1999 Maria Serrat i Mart\u00edn has assumed the General Direction and in 2002 the Spanish composer and musicologist Benet Casablancas assumed the academic direction of the Conservatori Superior de M\u00fasica del Liceu.\n\n", "Q89272": "Franz Schoenberner (December 18, 1892 in Berlin \u2013 April 11, 1970 in Teaneck, New Jersey) was a German editor and writer.", "Q1507457": "George H. Brickner (January 21, 1834 \u2013 August 12, 1904) was a German-born American Democratic politician.He was born in Ansbach, Bavaria, in what is now Germany. He immigrated to the United States in 1840 with his parents, settling in Seneca County, Ohio. He attended the public schools. He was a merchant in Tiffin, Ohio. He moved to Cascade, Wisconsin in 1855. He owned flour and woolen mills in Wisconsin and operated a glass factory in Tiffin, Ohio. Brickner married Anna Elizabeth Ogle in September 1858. He was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin for three consecutive terms, which comprised the 51st, 52nd and 53rd United States Congresses. He was elected as the representative of Wisconsin's 5th congressional district and served from March 4, 1889 to March 3, 1895. He died in Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin.", "Q167345": "Jens Ingebret Evensen (5 November 1917 \u2013 15 February 2004) was a Norwegian lawyer, judge, politician (for the Labour Party), trade minister, international offshore rights expert, member of the International Law Commission and judge at the International Court of Justice in The Hague.\nHe negotiated Norway's trading deal with European Economic Community in 1972 as minister of commerce in which he served in the governments of both Trygve Bratteli and Odvar Nordli. He then served as maritime law minister until 1979. He worked to secure government income from Norwegian oil discoveries. The UN's oceans treaty (1982) is greatly fundamental based on Evensen's work. Former Labour Party politician and head of Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) Einar F\u00f8rde called Jens Evensen \"one of the great Norwegians of the last century\".", "Q296304": "Demetrius I (Greek: \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391`, 185 \u2013 June 150 BC, reigned September/October 161 \u2013 June 150 BC), surnamed Soter (Greek: \u03a3\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1 - \"Savior\"), was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire.", "Q936760": "George Mihail Pruteanu (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0361\u0292e\u032ford\u0361\u0292e pru\u02c8te\u032fanu]; 15 December 1947 \u2013 27 March 2008) was a Romanian literary critic and politician.\nHis father, Pincu Solomonovici,, was a Jewish medical doctor and a university professor who researched and organised the history of Moldavian medicine. His mother, Sofia Pruteanu, was an office worker. When he was 4 years old his parents divorced and he took his mother maiden name. Born in Bucharest, George Pruteanu studied literature at the Universities of Ia\u015fi and Bucharest and, starting in 1972, he wrote various columns for literary magazines such as Convorbiri Literare, Contemporanul, and Cronica.\nAfter the 1989 Revolution, he continued his work as journalist for newspapers such as Expres and Evenimentul Zilei.\nBetween 1995 and 1999, he was also the host of a 5-minute daily TV programme on correct usage of the Romanian language (\"Doar o vorb\u0103 s\u0103\u0163-i mai spun\", a title containing a deliberate, provocative mistake), which was broadcast first by Tele 7 ABC (1995), then ProTV (1995\u20131996), TVR1 (1997\u20131999) and again TVR1 (2006-2008).\nIn 1996, he was elected to the Romanian Senate as a Constan\u0163a County Senator on a National Peasants' Party ticket, but resigned in 1998 and in 2000 he was elected once again, this time in Bistri\u0163a-N\u0103s\u0103ud County as a member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD). In 2003, he resigned from PSD and joined the Greater Romania Party, running for the Senate in Suceava County in 2004.\nPruteanu introduced a bill in 1997, which became known as the \"Pruteanu Bill\", requiring all public notices (including ads) in foreign languages to have Romanian translations. A trimmed-down version of this bill was promulgated by President Ion Iliescu in 2004.\nPruteanu was also critical of the Romanian entertainment industry, especially of low-quality TV programmes and manele, which he calls \"intellectual manure\".\nHe died after suffering a heart attack on 27 March 2008.", "Q214475": "Ayaan Hirsi Ali (; Dutch: [a\u02d0\u02c8ja\u02d0n \u02c8\u0266i\u02d0rsi \u02c8a\u02d0li] (listen); Somali: Ayaan Xirsi Cali: Ay\u0101n \u1e24irs\u012b 'Al\u012b; born Ayaan Hirsi Magan, 13 November 1969) is a Somali-born Dutch-American activist, feminist, author, scholar and former politician. She received international attention as a critic of Islam and advocate for the rights and self-determination of Muslim women, actively opposing forced marriage, honor violence, child marriage and female genital mutilation. She has founded an organisation for the defense of women's rights, the AHA Foundation.\nAyaan Hirsi Ali is a Fellow with the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, a Fellow with the Future of Diplomacy Project at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at The Harvard Kennedy School, a visiting scholar at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington, D.C., and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.In 2003, Hirsi Ali was elected a member of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the States General of the Netherlands, representing the centre-right People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). A political crisis related to the validity of her Dutch citizenship\u2014namely the accusation that she had lied on her application for political asylum\u2014led to her resignation from parliament, and indirectly to the fall of the second Balkenende cabinet in 2006.\nHirsi Ali is a former Muslim who rejected the faith, became an atheist, and has been a vocal critic of Islam. In 2004, she collaborated on a short movie with Theo van Gogh, entitled Submission, a film depicting oppression of women under fundamentalist Islamic law, critical of the Islamic canon itself. The film led to controversy and death threats. Van Gogh was then murdered several days after the film's release by Mohammed Bouyeri, a Moroccan-Dutch Islamic terrorist. Hirsi Ali maintains that \"Islam is part religion, and part a political-military doctrine, the part that is a political doctrine contains a world view, a system of laws and a moral code that is totally incompatible with our constitution, our laws, and our way of life.\" Having previously argued that Islam was beyond reform, in her book Heretic (2015), she called for a reformation of Islam by defeating the Islamists and supporting reformist Muslims.In 2005, Hirsi Ali was named by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world. She has also received several awards, including a free speech award from the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten, the Swedish Liberal Party's Democracy Prize, and the Moral Courage Award for commitment to conflict resolution, ethics, and world citizenship. Critics accuse Ali of having built her political career on denigrating Islam and Muslims, and questioned her scholarly credentials \"to speak authoritatively about Islam and the Arab world\". Her works have been accused of using neo-Orientalist portrayals and of being an enactment of the colonial \"civilizing mission\" discourse.Hirsi Ali migrated to the United States and became a U.S. citizen in 2013. She has published two autobiographies, in 2006 and 2010. She married the British historian and commentator Niall Ferguson in 2011.", "Q624741": "Nathan Tyler Johnson (born August 4, 1976) is an American film composer, director, and producer.", "Q92134": "Uta Nickel (born 19 July 1941) is one of the former finance ministers of East Germany.", "Q18219": "Alan John \"A. J.\" Buckley (born February 9, 1977) is an Irish\u2013Canadian actor.", "Q444019": "Paloma Cecilia San Basilio Mart\u00ednez (born November 22, 1950), known as Paloma San Basilio (IPA: [pa\u02c8loma sam ba\u02c8siljo]), is a Spanish singer, songwriter, producer and actress. She was awarded with a Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award for contributions to Latin music. She has sold millions of records throughout her career, with styles that range from melodic songs to pop. She often appeared in various musicals such as the Spanish-language premiere production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Evita in Madrid. Some other musical theater works include Man of La Mancha, My Fair Lady, Victor/Victoria, and Sunset Boulevard.\nShe announced her retirement in 2013, touring in Europe and America. She is currently doing a symphonic tour in Colombia, where she will be stopping in Armenia, Cali, Bucaramanga, Pereira, Bogot\u00e1, Medell\u00edn and Manizales as one of her last musical projects in her artistic life.", "Q268970": "The Republic of German-Austria (German: Republik Deutsch\u00f6sterreich or Deutsch-\u00d6sterreich) was a country created following World War I as the initial rump state for areas with a predominantly German-speaking or ethnic German population within what had been the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The territories covered an area of 118,311 km2 (45,680 sq mi), with 10.4 million inhabitants.\nAttempts to create German-Austria under these auspices were ultimately unsuccessful, and the new state of the First Austrian Republic was created in 1919.", "Q453565": "James Lee Keltner (born April 27, 1942) is an American drummer known primarily for his session work. He was characterized by Bob Dylan biographer Howard Sounes as \"the leading session drummer in America\".", "Q77806": "Gottlieb Wilhelm Eduard Redecker (30 April 1871, Otjimbingwe - 21 January 1945) was a German engineer and architect in South West Africa. He was responsible for a number of important buildings which still stand today in Namibia, particularly in Windhoek, including the national assembly building, the Tintenpalast.", "Q145682": "Peter \u201cPoker\u201d \u00c5ke Wallenberg, d.o.b. May 1959, is chair of eight of the sixteen public and private foundations formed by the Wallenberg family or established in memory of family members. The foundations, which are known collectively as the Wallenberg Foundations, annually award funding of approximately SEK 2.2 billion, largely for research and education at Swedish universities.\nMr. Wallenberg Jr is Chair of Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation, Berit Wallenberg Foundation, Dr. Tech. Marcus Wallenberg Foundation for Education in International Industrial Entrepreneurship, Marcus Wallenberg Foundation for International Scientific Collaboration, Peter Wallenberg Foundation, The Foundation for Economic History Research within Banking and Enterprise, and Wallenberg Foundations AB. \nIn addition, he is engaged in various sectors, including the engineering industry, private equity and the hotel industry, as a director of Atlas Copco, Scania and EQT, and as Chairman of the Board of Grand H\u00f4tel Stockholm. Before being appointed Chairman, he was President and CEO of Grand H\u00f4tel during the years 1994\u20132006.\nHe is Chairman of KAK, the Royal Automobile Club, and a racing driver. In 2012 he founded PWR Racing jointly with the racing driver Daniel Hagl\u00f6f.\nIn 2017 he founded Poker Racing for Charity, whose mission is to support and raise the profile of charitable organizations and the work they do.\n\n", "Q2872111": "Austin Claude Taylor (June 20, 1893 \u2013 January 17, 1965) was a farmer, merchant and political figure in New Brunswick. Born in Salisbury, New Brunswick, he represented Westmorland County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1935 to 1957.\nAppointed to the Executive Council as the Minister of Agriculture, he served under two Premiers from 1935 to 1952.\nAustin Taylor was the leader of the Liberal Party of New Brunswick from 1954 to 1956. \nOn January 3, 1957 Taylor was appointed to the Senate of Canada by Canadian Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent as the representative for Westmorland, New Brunswick. He served in the Senate until his death in 1965.", "Q354723": "John Richard \"Jack\" Nichols Jr. (March 16, 1938 \u2013 May 2, 2005) was an American gay rights activist. He co-founded the Washington, D.C. branch of the Mattachine Society in 1961 with Franklin E. Kameny. He appeared in the 1967 CBS documentary, CBS Reports: The Homosexuals, under the pseudonym Warren Adkins.", "Q518766": "Jos\u00e9 Aldo Rebelo Figueiredo (born 23 February 1956, in Vi\u00e7osa) is a Brazilian politician, member of the Solidariedade (SD) and a federal deputy elected by the state of S\u00e3o Paulo. He was President of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil from 2005 to 2007.With President Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva in Venezuela and Vice President Jos\u00e9 Alencar undergoing medical tests in the United States, Rebelo became the first communist to assume the duties of acting president of Brazil on November 12, 2006. His brief period in office lapsed the next day upon Lula's return.He was the main author of a controversial project to change Brazil's Forest Code introduced in the 1960s. Those changes, lobbied by Brazilian farmers, aimed to extend the areas that can be legally deforested. Although President Rousseff vetoed some parts of the law drafted under Rebelo's leadership and finally passed in May 2012, critics such as the WWF saw the law as a catastrophe for the Amazon forest.Rebelo was the Minister of Sports from 27 October 2011 until 1 January 2015. He was the Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation from 1 January 2015 to 1 October 2015. He was the Minister of Defense in the cabinet of President Dilma Rousseff from 1 October 2015 to 12 May 2016, when he was replaced by the acting president Michel Temer. He left the Communist Party in August, but then joined the Brazilian Socialist Party in September.\nFootball fan, is a declared fan of Palmeiras.", "Q4065": "Stralsund (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283t\u0281a\u02d0lz\u028ant]), Swedish: Stralsund)) is a Hanseatic town in the Pomeranian part of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is located at the Southern coast of the Strelasund, a sound of the Baltic Sea separating the island of R\u00fcgen from the mainland.\nThe Strelasund Crossing with its two bridges and several ferry services connects Stralsund with R\u00fcgen. The Western Pomeranian town has been the capital of the Vorpommern-R\u00fcgen district since the 2011 district reforms. It is the fourth-largest city of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and, together with Greifswald, Stralsund forms an Oberzentrum, one of four high-level urban centers of the region.\nStralsund was granted city rights in 1234 and was one of the most prospering members of the medieval Hanseatic League. In 1628, during the Thirty Years' War, Stralsund came under Swedish rule and remained so until the upheavals of the Napoleonic Wars. In the 19th century it became part of Prussia and Germany. Since 2002, Stralsund's old town with its rich heritage is honored as a UNESCO World Heritage, along with Wismar in Mecklenburg.\nThe main industries of Stralsund are shipyards, fishing, mechanical engineering, and, to an increasing degree, tourism, life sciences, services and high tech industries, especially information technology and biotechnology.", "Q552121": "KYPCK (Volapuk rendition from rus. \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043a, Kursk in the Western Alphabet) is a Finnish metal band. They were formed in 2007 and sing in Russian.\nThe band's vocalist Erkki Sepp\u00e4nen speaks fluent Russian after his years at Oxford University and working in the embassy in Moscow. The other members of the band are ex-Sentenced members Sami Lopakka (guitar) and Sami Kukkohovi, bassist Jaakko Yl\u00e4-Rautio and drummer Antti Karihtala. KYPCK's debut album \"\u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\" (Cherno, Black) was released in 2008, their second album \"\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435\" (Nizhe, Lower) in 2011, and their third \"\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\" (Imena na Stene, The Names on the Wall) in 2014. The band's fourth album \u0417\u0435\u0440\u043e (Zero) was released on 16.09.2016.\nThe experienced outfit is something out of the ordinary on stage, as well. KYPCK's live performances have been distinctive from the very beginning, including Soviet Era video projections and peculiar instruments like bassist Yl\u00e4-Rautio's 1-stringed bass Kypcklop, and guitarist Lopakka's 6-stringer, built by Amfisound Guitars, around a genuine Kalashnikov AK-47 assault rifle.KYPCK have created their own genre Doomsday Metal and broken numerous barriers on their way: The first album sang entirely in the Russian language to have been released worldwide. The lengthiest Russian tour ever by a Western band - from St. Petersburg to Siberia's Irkutsk. Songs on the playlist of Russia's biggest rock radio station, who have strictly ruled out including non-Russian bands in their playlist rotation. In 2015, the band was banned from entering Belarus. On February 4, 2018, the band is playing a concert in Minsk, Belarus. https://afisha.tut.by/concert/kypck-finlyandiya/\nAll of KYPCK's albums include cyrillic Russian lyrics and English translations in the booklet of the album.", "Q631402": "Norwich, called \"The Rose of New England\", is a city in New London County, Connecticut. The Yantic, Shetucket, and Quinebaug Rivers flow into the city and form its harbor, from which the Thames River flows south to Long Island Sound. The population was 40,493 at the 2010 United States Census.", "Q98357": "Alen Hodzovic is a German actor and singer, currently based in Berlin. In 2009, he became the first German citizen to win First Prize at Kurt Weill Foundation's international Lotte Lenya Competition for singers. He graduated from the Royal Academy of Music in London where he won the H.L. Hammond Prize for Verse Speaking, adjudicated by director John Caird. He played Raoul in the Stuttgart production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's The Phantom of the Opera and Ken in a German-language production of John Logan's play Red. In 2007, he appeared as a background singer for Elton John at the Concert for Diana at Wembley Stadium.", "Q331187": "Alexander Socrates Onassis (Greek: \u0391\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a9\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2; April 30, 1948 \u2013 January 23, 1973) was an American-born Greek businessman. He was the son of the Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis and his first wife Tina Livanos. He and his sister Christina Onassis were upset by his father's marriage to Jacqueline Kennedy, and he was credited with attempting to improve the relationship between his father and Stavros Niarchos.\nBorn in New York City, Onassis was not formally educated and worked for several years for his father at his Monaco headquarters. The relationship between Onassis and his father experienced tensions as a result of his secret relationship with Fiona Thyssen, former wife of Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza.\nHe was later appointed the head of Olympic Aviation, a Greek regional airline owned by his father. Onassis died in hospital as a result of injuries sustained in an air crash at Hellinikon International Airport at the age of 24. The Alexander S. Onassis Foundation was established in his memory.", "Q149090": "Ivan Ribar (Croatian pronunciation: [\u01d0van r\u00eeba\u02d0r]; 21 January 1881 \u2013 2 February 1968) was a Yugoslav politician and soldier of Croatian descent.", "Q166073": "The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (Russian: \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0301\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u044e\u0301\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0451\u0436\u0438 (\u0412\u041b\u041a\u0421\u041c), listen ), usually known as Komsomol (; Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0441\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0301\u043b (Russian pronunciation: [k\u0259ms\u0250\u02c8mol]), a syllabic abbreviation of the Russian \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0451\u0436\u0438 (Kommunisticheskiy Soyuz Molodyozhi), was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union. It is sometimes described as the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), although it was officially independent and referred to as \"the helper and the reserve of the CPSU\".\nThe Komsomol in its earliest form was established in urban areas in 1918. During the early years, it was a Russian organization, known as the Russian Young Communist League, or RKSM. During 1922, with the unification of the USSR, it was reformed into an all-union agency, the youth division of the All-Union Communist Party.\nIt was the final stage of three youth organizations with members up to age 28, graduated at 14 from the Young Pioneers, and at nine from the Little Octobrists.", "Q6882": "James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 \u2013 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, short story writer, poet, teacher, and literary critic. He contributed to the modernist avant-garde and is regarded as one of the most influential and important authors of the 20th century. Joyce is best known for Ulysses (1922), a landmark work in which the episodes of Homer's Odyssey are paralleled in a variety of literary styles, most famously stream of consciousness. Other well-known works are the short-story collection Dubliners (1914), and the novels A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) and Finnegans Wake (1939). His other writings include three books of poetry, a play, his published letters and occasional journalism.\nJoyce was born in Dublin into a middle-class family. A brilliant student, he briefly attended the Christian Brothers-run O'Connell School before excelling at the Jesuit schools Clongowes and Belvedere, despite the chaotic family life imposed by his father's unpredictable finances. He went on to attend University College Dublin.\nIn 1904, in his early twenties, Joyce emigrated to continental Europe with his partner (and later wife) Nora Barnacle. They lived in Trieste, Paris, and Z\u00fcrich. Although most of his adult life was spent abroad, Joyce's fictional universe centres on Dublin and is populated largely by characters who closely resemble family members, enemies and friends from his time there. Ulysses in particular is set with precision in the streets and alleyways of the city. Shortly after the publication of Ulysses, he elucidated this preoccupation somewhat, saying, \"For myself, I always write about Dublin, because if I can get to the heart of Dublin I can get to the heart of all the cities of the world. In the particular is contained the universal.\"\n\n", "Q53740": "G\u00f6sta Ingvar Carlsson (born 9 November 1934) is a Swedish politician who twice served as Prime Minister of Sweden, first from 1986 to 1991 and again from 1994 to 1996. He was leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1986 to 1996. He is best known for leading Sweden into the European Union.\nCarlsson was a member of the Riksdag from 1965 to 1996 representing the constituency of Stockholm County (until 1970 in the lower house). He served as Minister of Education from 1969 to 1973, as Minister of Housing in 1973 and again from 1974 to 1976, and as Minister of Environmental affairs from 1985 to 1986. He served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1982 to 1986, and assumed office as Prime Minister of Sweden upon the assassination of Prime Minister Olof Palme in 1986.", "Q234955": "Samaire Rhys Armstrong ( s\u0259-MEER-\u0259; born October 31, 1980) is a Japanese-born American actress, fashion designer and model. She is known for her roles in Stay Alive, The O.C., It's a Boy Girl Thing, and as Juliet Darling in the ABC television series, Dirty Sexy Money. She has appeared on television as Elaine Richards in the ABC fantasy-drama Resurrection. She has also appeared in music videos for \"Penny & Me\" by Hanson and \"Bad Day\" by Daniel Powter.", "Q449515": "Maryanne Amacher (February 25, 1938 \u2013 October 22, 2009) was an American composer and installation artist.\nShe is known for working extensively with a family of psychoacoustic phenomena called auditory distortion products (also known as distortion product otoacoustic emissions and combination tones), in which the ears themselves produce audible sound.", "Q45122": "Brann Timothy Dailor (born March 19, 1975 in Rochester, NY) is an American drummer/singer best known as a member of the Atlanta, Georgia metal band Mastodon, in which he is both the drummer and shares vocal duties. Dailor first started playing in a band called Evisceration from 1991 to 1993, when the band broke up. Dailor was also a founding member of mathcore band Lethargy, and the progressive rock/funk metal band Gaylord and played with Today Is the Day.In 2015, Brann Dailor announced his side project called Arcadea. The group features Dailor on drums alongside fellow Atlanta musicians Core Atoms and Raheem Amlani.\n\n", "Q170611": "Techno is a genre of electronic dance music that is characterized by a repetitive beat which is generally produced for use in a continuous DJ set. The central rhythm is often in common time (4/4), while the tempo typically varies between 120 and 150 beats per minute (bpm). Artists may use electronic instruments such as drum machines, sequencers, and synthesizers, as well as digital audio workstations. Drum machines from the 1980s such as Roland's TR-808 and TR-909 are highly prized, and software emulations of such retro instruments are popular.\nThe term \"techno\" originated in Germany in the early 1980s, but it was established as a name for a specific genre of electronic dance music produced in Detroit following the UK release of the 1988 compilation Techno! The New Dance Sound of Detroit. Detroit techno resulted from the melding of synthpop by artists such as Kraftwerk, Giorgio Moroder and Yellow Magic Orchestra with African American styles such as house, electro, and funk. Added to this is the influence of futuristic and science-fiction themes relevant to life in American late capitalist society, with Alvin Toffler's book The Third Wave a notable point of reference. The music produced in the mid to late 1980s by Juan Atkins, Derrick May, and Kevin Saunderson (collectively known as the Belleville Three), along with Eddie Fowlkes, Blake Baxter and James Pennington is viewed as the first wave of techno from Detroit.After the success of house music in a number of European countries, techno grew in popularity in the UK, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. In Europe regional variants quickly evolved and by the early 1990s techno subgenres such as acid, hardcore, ambient, and dub techno had developed. Music journalists and fans of techno are generally selective in their use of the term; so a clear distinction can be made between sometimes related but often qualitatively different styles, such as tech house and trance.", "Q430968": "Elwyn Hartley Edwards, MC, was an equestrian writer and editor, born on 17 April 1927. He died on 9 December 2007, aged 80.\nElwyn Edwards was the editor of Riding magazine for 18 years. And the consultant editor for Horse & Hound for five years, he also served as a regional chairman of the British Horse Society and as a member of the BHS council, receiving the society's Award of Merit in 1993. He was also a vice-president of the Riding for the Disabled Association and vice-patron of the Horse and Pony Protection Association.He used to regularly judge horse shows in the UK. He had written more than 30 books on horse-related subjects and was an authority on lorinery and saddlery.", "Q3756783": "Chris Biotti (born April 22, 1967, in Waltham, Massachusetts) is a former professional ice hockey defenseman. He was drafted in the first round, 17th overall, by the Calgary Flames in the 1985 NHL Entry Draft.\n\n", "Q13364": "Ravenna ( r\u0259-VEN-\u0259, Italian: [ra\u02c8venna], also locally [ra\u02c8v\u025bnna] (listen); Romagnol: Rav\u00e8na) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. It was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire from 402 until that empire collapsed in 476. It then served as the capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom until it was re-conquered in 540 by the Byzantine Empire. Afterwards, the city formed the centre of the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna until the invasion of the Lombards in 751, after which it became the seat of the Kingdom of the Lombards.\nAlthough it is an inland city, Ravenna is connected to the Adriatic Sea by the Candiano Canal. It is known for its well-preserved late Roman and Byzantine architecture, with eight buildings comprising the UNESCO World Heritage Site \"Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna\".", "Q99049": "Anne Birk (real name: Rosemarie Tietz, maiden name Schumacher) (* August 20, 1942 in Trossingen, Germany; \u2020 July 29, 2009 in Esslingen, Germany) was a German author.", "Q7118426": "Alternative R&B (also referred to as alt-R&B, PBR&B, indie R&B, experimental R&B, hipster R&B, Metal R&B and emo R&B) is a term used by music journalists to describe a stylistic alternative to contemporary R&B.", "Q53998": "Louis I, also Louis the Great (Hungarian: Nagy Lajos; Polish: Ludwik Wielki; Slovak: \u013dudov\u00edt Ve\u013ek\u00fd; Croatian: Ludovik Veliki); or Louis the Hungarian (Polish: Ludwik W\u0119gierski; Slovak: \u013dudov\u00edt Uhorsk\u00fd; Croatian: Ludovik Ma\u0111ara; 5 March 1326 \u2013 10 September 1382), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1342 and King of Poland from 1370. He was the first child of Charles I of Hungary and his wife, Elizabeth of Poland, to survive infancy. A 1338 treaty between his father and Casimir III of Poland, Louis's maternal uncle, confirmed Louis's right to inherit the Kingdom of Poland if his uncle died without a son. In exchange, Louis was obliged to assist his uncle to reoccupy the lands that Poland had lost in previous decades. He bore the title of Duke of Transylvania between 1339 and 1342 but did not administer the province.\nLouis was of age when he succeeded his father in 1342, but his deeply religious mother exerted a powerful influence on him. He inherited a centralized kingdom and a rich treasury from his father. During the first years of his reign, Louis launched a crusade against the Lithuanians and restored royal power in Croatia; his troops defeated a Tatar army, expanding his authority towards the Black Sea. When his brother, Andrew, Duke of Calabria, husband of Queen Joanna I of Naples, was assassinated in 1345, Louis accused the queen of his murder and punishing her became the principal goal of his foreign policy. He launched two campaigns to the Kingdom of Naples between 1347 and 1350. His troops occupied large territories on both occasions, and Louis adopted the styles of Neapolitan sovereigns (including the title of King of Sicily and Jerusalem), but the Holy See never recognized his claim. Louis's arbitrary acts and atrocities committed by his mercenaries made his rule unpopular in Southern Italy. He withdrew all his troops from the Kingdom of Naples in 1351.\nLike his father, Louis administered Hungary with absolute power and used royal prerogatives to grant privileges to his courtiers. However, he also confirmed the liberties of the Hungarian nobility at the Diet of 1351, emphasizing the equal status of all noblemen. At the same Diet, he introduced an entail system and a uniform rent payable by the peasants to the landowners, and confirmed the right to free movement for all peasants. He waged wars against the Lithuanians, Serbia, and the Golden Horde in the 1350s, restoring the authority of Hungarian monarchs over territories along frontiers that had been lost during previous decades. He forced the Republic of Venice to renounce the Dalmatian towns in 1358. He also made several attempts to expand his suzerainty over the rulers of Bosnia, Moldavia, Wallachia, and parts of Bulgaria and Serbia. These rulers were sometimes willing to yield to him, either under duress or in the hope of support against their internal opponents, but Louis's rule in these regions was only nominal during most of his reign. His attempts to convert his pagan or Orthodox subjects to Catholicism made him unpopular in the Balkan states. Louis established a university in P\u00e9cs in 1367, but it was closed within two decades because he did not arrange for sufficient revenues to maintain it.\nLouis inherited Poland after his uncle's death in 1370. Since he had no sons, he wanted his subjects to acknowledge the right of his daughters to succeed him in both Hungary and Poland. For this purpose, he issued the Privilege of Koszyce in 1374 spelling out the liberties of Polish noblemen. However, his rule remained unpopular in Poland. In Hungary, he authorized the royal free cities to delegate jurors to the high court hearing their cases and set up a new high court. Suffering from a skin disease, Louis became even more religious during the last years of his life. At the beginning of the Western Schism, he acknowledged Urban VI as the legitimate pope. After Urban deposed Joanna and put Louis's relative Charles of Durazzo on the throne of Naples, Louis helped Charles occupy the kingdom. In Hungarian historiography, Louis was regarded for centuries as the most powerful Hungarian monarch who ruled over an empire \"whose shores were washed by three seas\".", "Q95673": "Ulrich Noethen (born 18 November 1959) is a German actor who has appeared in many movies and TV films.\n\nHe starred in Comedian Harmonists. He also played Heinrich Himmler twice, in Der Untergang and Mein F\u00fchrer \u2013 Die wirklich wahrste Wahrheit \u00fcber Adolf Hitler.\nNoethen has won various awards for his acting, including the German Film Award, the Bavarian Film Award, the Adolf Grimme Award and the Golden Camera.", "Q4488786": "Our Home \u2013 Russia (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0448 \u0434\u043e\u043c \u2013 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f, romanized: Nash dom \u2013 Rossiya), abbreviated as NDR, was a Russian political party that existed from 1995 to the mid-2000s.", "Q322845": "Ikutaro Kakehashi (\u68af \u90c1\u592a\u90ce, Kakehashi Ikutar\u014d, 7 February 1930 \u2013 1 April 2017), also known by the nickname Taro, was a Japanese engineer, inventor and entrepreneur. He founded the musical instrument manufacturers Ace Tone, Roland Corporation, and Boss Corporation, and the audiovisual electronics company ATV Corporation.\nKakehashi founded Ace Tone in 1960 to produce electronic organs and early drum machines. He founded Roland in 1972 and was involved in the development of various influential electronic instruments, such as the TR-808 and TR-909 drum machines and the TB-303 and Juno-60 synthesizers, in addition to Boss guitar amplifiers and effects pedals. He was also key to the development of MIDI, a technical standard that connects a wide variety of electronic instruments, in the 1980s; in 2013, Kakehashi received a Technical Grammy Award, shared with Dave Smith of Sequential Circuits, for the invention. Kakehashi's inventions are credited with shaping popular music genres such as electronic, dance, hip hop, R&B, rock and pop music.", "Q217154": "Mir-Hossein Mousavi Khameneh (Persian: \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647\u200e, romanized: M\u012br-Hoseyn M\u016bsav\u012b Kh\u0101men\u00e9, pronounced [mi\u02d0\u027e ho\u02c8s\u025bjn \u025b mu\u02d0s\u00e6\u02c8vi\u02d0 j\u025b x\u0251\u02d0m\u025b\u02c8n\u025b]; born 2 March 1942) is an Iranian reformist politician, artist and architect who served as the seventy-ninth and last Prime Minister of Iran from 1981 to 1989. He was a reformist candidate for the 2009 presidential election and eventually the leader of the opposition in the post-election unrest. Mousavi served as the president of the Iranian Academy of Arts until 2009, when Conservative authorities removed him.In the early years of the revolution, Mousavi was the editor-in-chief of Jomhouri-e Eslami, the official newspaper of the Islamic Republican Party, before being elevated to Minister of Foreign Affairs and eventually the post of Prime Minister. He was the last Prime Minister in Iran prior to the 1989 constitutional changes which removed the post of the prime minister; he then went into semi-retirement for the next 20 years. He remains a member of the Expediency Discernment Council and the High Council of Cultural Revolution. However, he has not participated in their meetings for years, which is interpreted by political analysts and commentators as a sign of his disapproval.\nFor the 2009 Iranian Presidential election, Mousavi came out of semi-retirement and ran as one of two Reformist candidates against the administration of incumbent President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. According to official results, he didn't win the election, and following alleged vote-rigging and manipulation, his campaign sparked a long protest that eventually turned into a national and international movement against the Government and Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. Despite the violent crackdown, he remains the leader of the Green Movement but his movements have remained severely restricted. He chose green as his campaign color, a color which is pervasive in Iran. He is currently under house arrest along with his wife and Mehdi Karroubi.", "Q323583": "Double Face (Italian: A doppia faccia, German: Das Gesicht im Dunkeln) is a 1969 thriller film directed by Riccardo Freda and starring Klaus Kinski, Christiane Kr\u00fcger and Annabella Incontrera. It is part of the series of Edgar Wallace adaptations made by Rialto Film.", "Q227097": "Zo\u00e9 F\u00e9lix (born 7 May 1976) is a French actress.", "Q85460": "Alexandru (Alecu) Hurmuzaki (16 August 1823 in Cernauca - 8 March /20 March 1871 in Naples) was a Romanian politician and publisher. He was one of the founding members of the Romanian Academy.", "Q211525": "The Railway Children is a 1970 British drama film based on the novel of the same name by E. Nesbit. The film was directed by Lionel Jeffries, and stars Dinah Sheridan, Jenny Agutter (who had earlier featured in the successful BBC's 1968 dramatisation of the novel), Sally Thomsett and Bernard Cribbins in leading roles. The film was released to cinemas in the United Kingdom on 21 December 1970.\nThe film rights were bought by Jeffries. It was his directorial debut, and he was also responsible for writing the screenplay for the film. The Railway Children turned out to be a critical success, both at the time of its release, and in later years.", "Q70199": "Grandson (French: [\u0261\u0280\u0251\u0303s\u0254\u0303]) is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is situated on the south-west tip of Lake Neuch\u00e2tel, about 25 km (15 miles) north of Lausanne.\nIt was part of the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy until the death of \nRudolph III of Burgundy (993-1032), also King of Lower Burgundy, the last in the male line, when it was united with the Holy Roman Empire. On 2 March 1476, during the Burgundian Wars, Charles the Bold was defeated here in the Battle of Grandson.", "Q1967070": "Svetlana Yakovlevna Surganova (Russian: \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430) (born 14 November 1968) is a Russian rock musician, singer and poet. She was a founding member of the popular Russian rock band Nochnye Snaipery, providing vocals and playing violin. Presently she is a founding member of \"Surganova i Orkestr\" band.", "Q188814": "The Serbian Orthodox Church (Serbian: \u0421\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0430 / Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian Churches. It is the second-oldest Slavic Orthodox Church in the world (after the Bulgarian Orthodox Church).\nThe Serbian Orthodox Church comprises the majority of the population in Serbia, Montenegro, and the Republika Srpska entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is organized into metropolises and eparchies located primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Croatia, but also all over the world where Serb diaspora lives.\nThe Serbian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous, or ecclesiastically independent, member of the Eastern Orthodox communion. Serbian Patriarch serves as first among equals in his church; the current patriarch is Irinej. The Church achieved autocephalous status in 1219 under the leadership of St. Sava, becoming independent Archbishopric of \u017di\u010da. Its status was elevated to that of a patriarchate in 1346 and was known afterward as the Serbian Patriarchate of Pe\u0107. This patriarchate was abolished by the Ottoman Turks in 1766, though the Serbian Church continued to exist with its exarchs in Serb-populated territories in the Ottoman Empire, the Habsburg Monarchy, the Republic of Venice and the First French Empire. Finally, the modern Serbian Orthodox Church was re-established in 1920 after the unification of the Patriarchate of Karlovci, the Metropolitanate of Belgrade and the Metropolitanate of Montenegro.", "Q293254": "Stacy Haiduk (born April 24, 1968) is an American actress. Her best known roles include Lana Lang on Superboy, Katherine Hitchcock on seaQuest DSV, Hannah Nichols on All My Children, and most notably Patty Williams and Emily Peterson on The Young and the Restless.", "Q57526": "Bujar Nishani (Albanian pronunciation: [buja\u027e ni'\u0283ani]; born 29 September 1964) is an Albanian politician. He served as President of Albania from 24 July 2012 to 24 July 2017.\nBefore his election as President, Nishani held a number of governmental and diplomatic positions. Namely, he served as Minister of Justice from 2009 to 2011, and as the Minister of Internal Affairs from 2011 to 2012. The Parliament of Albania elected Nishani as President with a simple majority of 73 votes out of 140 members, without consensus from the opposition.\n\n", "Q104190": "Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, (26 August 1676 \u2013 18 March 1745), known between 1721 and 1742 as Sir Robert Walpole, was a British politician who is generally regarded as the de facto first Prime Minister of Great Britain.\nAlthough the exact dates of Walpole's dominance, dubbed the \"Robinocracy\", are a matter of scholarly debate, the period 1721\u20131742 is often used. He dominated the Walpole\u2013Townshend ministry, as well as the subsequent Walpole ministry, and holds the record as the longest-serving British prime minister in history. W. A. Speck wrote that Walpole's uninterrupted run of 20 years as Prime Minister \"is rightly regarded as one of the major feats of British political history... Explanations are usually offered in terms of his expert handling of the political system after 1720, [and] his unique blending of the surviving powers of the crown with the increasing influence of the Commons\".Walpole was a Whig from the gentry class who was first elected to Parliament in 1701 and held many senior positions. He was a country squire and looked to country gentlemen for his political base. Historian Frank O'Gorman says his leadership in Parliament reflected his \"reasonable and persuasive oratory, his ability to move both the emotions as well as the minds of men, and, above all, his extraordinary self-confidence\". Hoppit says Walpole's policies sought moderation: he worked for peace, lower taxes and growing exports and allowed a little more tolerance for Protestant Dissenters. He mostly avoided controversy and high-intensity disputes as his middle way attracted moderates from both the Whig and Tory camps, but his appointment to Chancellor of the Exchequer after the South Sea Bubble stock-market crisis drew attention to a perceived protection of political allies by Walpole.H. T. Dickinson sums up his historical role by saying that \"Walpole was one of the greatest politicians in British history. He played a significant role in sustaining the Whig party, safeguarding the Hanoverian succession, and defending the principles of the Glorious Revolution (1688)....He established a stable political supremacy for the Whig party and taught succeeding ministers how best to establish an effective working relationship between Crown and Parliament\". Scholars rank him highly among all British prime ministers.", "Q4942406": "Mary Bonneau \"Bonnie\" McElveen-Hunter (born June 29, 1950) is an American businesswoman, philanthropist, and diplomat who is the first female Chair of the Board of Governors of the American Red Cross. She is the founder and CEO of Pace Communications, a content and integrated marketing agency, and was the U.S. Ambassador to Finland from 2001 to 2003. She served as the finance chairwoman of Elizabeth Dole's campaign for the Republican nomination for U.S. President. She also started the first billion dollar women's leadership campaign in America for the United Way.", "Q465799": "Andreas Rudolf Kisser (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0250\u0303d\u027ej\u0250s \u02c8\u0281udowf \u02c8kise\u027e]; born August 24, 1968) is a Brazilian musician, songwriter and producer. He is most known for being the lead guitarist for the metal band Sepultura. He has been featured on every Sepultura release since their second album, Schizophrenia. Additionally, Kisser has also been involved in other bands such as the rock supergroup Hail!, Sexoturica and, more recently, De La Tierra.\n\n", "Q67383": "Matthias Freihof (born 25 November 1961) is a German television actor and director. He has performed in many TV films and series including police drama Siska for 5 years. but also works on live stage performing as an actor and a singer. He is most known former the GDR-film 'Coming Out' in 1989. He and the film won prizes in several festivals as best actor and best film as well as 'The Silver Bear' in the Berlin Film Festival 1990.\n\n", "Q343": "La Fl\u00e8che (French pronunciation: \u200b[lafl\u025b\u0283]) is a town and commune in the French department of Sarthe, in the Pays de la Loire region in the Loire Valley. It is the sub-prefecture of the South-Sarthe, the chief district and the chief city of a canton, and the second most populous city of the department. The city is part of the Community of communes of the Pays La Fl\u00e8che. The inhabitants of the town are called Les Fl\u00e8chois. It is classified as a country of art and history.\nThe Prytan\u00e9e National Militaire is located in La Fl\u00e8che.", "Q93564": "Intimate Enemies (French: L'Ennemi intime) is a 2007 French war film directed by Florent Emilio Siri, starring Beno\u00eet Magimel and Albert Dupontel. It was filmed in France and Morocco.", "Q3044": "Charlemagne (English: ; French: [\u0283a\u0281l\u0259ma\u0272]) or Charles the Great (2 April 748 \u2013 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of the Romans from 800. During the Early Middle Ages, he united the majority of western and central Europe. He was the first recognised emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He was later canonised by Antipope Paschal III.\nCharlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, born before their canonical marriage. He became king in 768 following his father's death, initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. Carloman's sudden death in December 771 under unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom. He continued his father's policy towards the papacy and became its protector, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy and leading an incursion into Muslim Spain. He campaigned against the Saxons to his east, Christianising them upon penalty of death and leading to events such as the Massacre of Verden. He reached the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned \"Emperor of the Romans\" by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.\nCharlemagne has been called the \"Father of Europe\" (Pater Europae), as he united most of Western Europe for the first time since the classical era of the Roman Empire and united parts of Europe that had never been under Frankish or Roman rule. His rule spurred the Carolingian Renaissance, a period of energetic cultural and intellectual activity within the Western Church. The Eastern Orthodox Church viewed Charlemagne less favourably due to his support of the filioque and the Pope's having preferred him as Emperor over the Byzantine Empire's first female pretender Irene of Athens. These and other disputes led to the eventual later split of Rome and Constantinople in the Great Schism of 1054.Charlemagne died in 814 and was laid to rest in Aachen Cathedral in his imperial capital city of Aachen. He married at least four times and had three legitimate sons who lived to adulthood, but only the youngest of them, Louis the Pious, survived to succeed him. He also had numerous illegitimate children with his concubines.", "Q840812": "The Moscow Art Theatre (or MAT; Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440 (\u041c\u0425\u0410\u0422), Moskovskiy Hudojestvenny Akademicheskiy Teatr (\u041cH\u0410\u0422)) is a theatre company in Moscow. It was founded in 1898 by the seminal Russian theatre practitioner Konstantin Stanislavski, together with the playwright and director Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. It was conceived as a venue for naturalistic theatre, in contrast to the melodramas that were Russia's dominant form of theatre at the time. The theatre, the first to regularly put on shows implementing Stanislavski's system, proved hugely influential in the acting world and in the development of modern American theatre and drama.", "Q335487": "William Richard Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield, (10 October 1877 \u2013 22 August 1963) was an English motor manufacturer and philanthropist. He was the founder of Morris Motors Limited and is remembered as the founder of the Nuffield Foundation, the Nuffield Trust and Nuffield College, Oxford, as well as being involved in his role as President of BUPA in creating what is now Nuffield Health. He took his title from the village of Nuffield in Oxfordshire, where he lived.", "Q102287": "Hugo Grau (April 15, 1899 - June 27, 1984) was a German veterinarian and animal anatomist.\nHe was the co-founder of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists and the European Association of Veterinary Anatomists.\nIn 1933 Grau signed the Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State.", "Q85306": "Christian Anders (15 January 1945 in Bruck an der Mur, Austria as Antonio Augusto Schinzel-Tenicolo) is an Austrian singer, musician, composer and author.", "Q389218": "Scampolo is a 1958 German film directed by Alfred Weidenmann and starring Romy Schneider, Paul Hubschmid, and Georg Thomalla. Schneider plays the title role.", "Q18557": "Opeth is a Swedish progressive metal band from Stockholm, formed in 1989. The group has been through several personnel changes, including the replacement of every single original member. Lead vocalist, guitarist and songwriter Mikael \u00c5kerfeldt has remained Opeth's primary driving force since the departure of original vocalist David Isberg in 1992. Opeth has consistently incorporated progressive, folk, blues, classical, and jazz influences into its usually lengthy compositions, as well as strong influences from death metal, especially in their early works. Many songs include acoustic guitar passages and strong dynamic shifts, as well as demonic vocal characterization. Opeth is also well known for their incorporation of Mellotrons in their work. Opeth rarely made live appearances supporting their first four albums, but since conducting their first world tour after the 2001 release of Blackwater Park, they have led several major world tours.\nOpeth has released 13 studio albums, four live DVDs, four live albums (three that are in conjunction with DVDs), and two boxsets. The band released its debut album Orchid in 1995. Although their eighth studio album, Ghost Reveries, was quite popular in the United States, Opeth did not experience major American commercial success until the 2008 release of their ninth studio album, Watershed, which peaked at No. 23 on the Billboard 200, and topped the Finnish albums chart in its first week of release. As of November 2009, Opeth has sold over 1.5 million copies of their albums and DVDs worldwide, including 300,000 collective SoundScans of their albums Blackwater Park, Damnation, and Deliverance in the United States.", "Q1678213": "Jarvis Mills (born September 11, 1983), better known by his stage name Jae Millz, is an American rapper from Harlem, New York, who was signed to T.I.'s record label Grand Hustle Records and Atlantic Records. His debut major label studio album, titled Nothing Is Promised was scheduled for a 2015 release. Millz is noted for participating in rap battles with MCs Murda Mook, E Ness, K-Shine, 40 Cal. and JR Writer.", "Q602976": "Klatovy (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8klatov\u026a]; German: Klattau) is a town in the Plze\u0148 Region of the Czech Republic.\nKlatovy is the seat of the Municipality with Extended Competence and Municipality with Commissioned Local Authority.", "Q41422": "Mark Ruffalo (; born November 22, 1967) is an American actor and producer. He began acting in the early 1990s and first gained recognition for his work in Kenneth Lonergan's play This Is Our Youth (1998) and drama film You Can Count On Me (2000). He went on to star in the romantic comedies 13 Going on 30 (2004) and Just like Heaven (2005) and the thrillers Zodiac (2007) and Shutter Island (2010). He gained wider recognition for his role as Bruce Banner / Hulk in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films The Avengers (2012), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019).\nRuffalo gained nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for playing a sperm donor in the comedy-drama The Kids Are All Right (2010), Dave Schultz in the biopic Foxcatcher (2014), and Michael Rezendes in the drama Spotlight (2015). He also won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actor in a TV Movie for playing a gay writer and activist in the television drama film The Normal Heart (2015). His portrayal of Moe Axelrod in the 2006 Broadway revival of Awake and Sing! earned him a Tony Award nomination.", "Q1495109": "Alfred Buntru (15 January 1887 \u2013 23 January 1974) was a German academic and member of the Nazi Party. Born in Sankt Blasien in the Waldshut district of the Grand Duchy of Baden, he was educated at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Buntru later became a professor of hydraulic engineering and a deputy Reichsdozentenf\u00fchrer (English: \"Reich lecturer leader\"). He joined the Nazi Party in 1937 and the Schutzstaffel (SS) in 1938, attaining the SS rank of Oberf\u00fchrer. As part of his SS membership, he was involved in the Spitzeldienste, the network of political informants set up by the Nazi Party's intelligence organization, the Sicherheitsdienst (SD). Buntru survived the Second World War, and died in Aachen in 1974 at the age of 87.", "Q28494": "Bernd Heinrich Wilhelm von Kleist (18 October 1777 \u2013 21 November 1811) was a German poet, dramatist, novelist, short story writer and journalist. His best known works are the theatre plays Das K\u00e4thchen von Heilbronn, The Broken Jug, Amphitryon, Penthesilea and the novellas Michael Kohlhaas and The Marquise of O. Kleist committed suicide together with a close female friend who was terminally ill.\nThe Kleist Prize, a prestigious prize for German literature, is named after him, as was the Kleist Theater in his birthplace Frankfurt an der Oder.", "Q454544": "Glenn Hammond Curtiss (May 21, 1878 \u2013 July 23, 1930) was an American aviation and motorcycling pioneer, and a founder of the U.S. aircraft industry. He began his career as a bicycle racer and builder before moving on to motorcycles. As early as 1904, he began to manufacture engines for airships. In 1908, Curtiss joined the Aerial Experiment Association, a pioneering research group, founded by Alexander Graham Bell at Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia, to build flying machines.\nCurtiss made the first officially witnessed flight in North America, won a race at the world's first international air meet in France, and made the first long-distance flight in the United States. His contributions in designing and building aircraft led to the formation of the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company, now part of Curtiss-Wright Corporation. His company built aircraft for the U.S. Army and Navy, and, during the years leading up to World War I, his experiments with seaplanes led to advances in naval aviation. Curtiss civil and military aircraft were predominant in the interwar and World War II eras.", "Q379699": "Jules Bazile, known as Jules Guesde (French: [\u0292yl \u0261\u025bd]; 11 November 1845 \u2013 28 July 1922) was a French socialist journalist and politician.\nGuesde was the inspiration for a famous quotation by Karl Marx. Shortly before Marx died in 1883, he wrote a letter to Guesde and Paul Lafargue, both of whom already claimed to represent \"Marxist\" principles. Marx accused them of \"revolutionary phrase-mongering\". This exchange is the source of Marx's remark, reported by Friedrich Engels: \"ce qu'il y a de certain c'est que moi, je ne suis pas marxiste\" (\"what is certain is that [if they are Marxists], [then] I myself am not a Marxist\").\n\n", "Q177618": "Ulla Pia (born 17 February 1945, Copenhagen) is a Danish singer, best known internationally for her participation in the 1966 Eurovision Song Contest.\nUlla Pia started her career as a vocalist with bands and orchestras in Copenhagen. In the mid-1960s she was singing with jazz musician Finn Ziegler, and it was suggested in 1966 that she enter a song in the Danish Eurovision selection, Dansk Melodi Grand Prix. She performed the song \"Stop - mens legen er go'\" (\"Stop, While the Going's Good\"), and to her surprise, emerged the clear winner. Ulla Pia stated in a recent interview that she had assumed that one of her better-known competitors (such as Dario Campeotto or Gustav Winckler) would win, and her victory came as a shock to her. Ulla Pia went forward to the eleventh Eurovision Song Contest, held on 5 March in Luxembourg City, where \"Stop \u2013 mens legen er go'\" could manage only 14th place of the 18 entries, despite an engaging performance in which Ulla Pia was joined on stage, unusually for the time, by two dancers. It would prove to be Denmark's last Eurovision appearance for over a decade, as broadcaster DR withdrew from the competition in 1967, and would not return until 1978.\nIn the years following her Eurovision appearance, Ulla Pia went on to release several popular singles in Denmark, notably \"Karina\" and the topical \"Flower Power T\u00f8j\". She toured regularly into the 1970s, but towards the end of the decade increasing family commitments, combined with a period of ill-health, caused her to retire from show business.", "Q956902": "Otto Bernhard Grimlund (30 December 1893 \u2013 15 September 1969) was a Swedish Communist politician.\nOriginally a member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party he joined the revolutionary left-wing in the party split of 1917 and represented the Swedish Social Democratic Left Party at the founding of the Communist International in Moscow in 1919. \nTogether with the Swiss Socialist Fritz Platten, Otto Grimlund had been the main organizer of Lenin\u2019s 1917 trip from the exile in Switzerland, through Germany and Sweden, back to Russia. \nGrimlund was in the leadership of the Swedish Communist Party from 1918 to 1925, and living in Moscow for many years, he was in the leadership of the Comintern. But he moved from the Soviet Union and left the party after the rise of Stalinism in Russia. \nGrimlund rejoined the Social Democratic Party around 1930.\nCondemning Stalinism, Grimlund called himself a Communist all his life, and kept a signed photograph of Lenin on the wall in his office. Grimlund was key to Lenin's arrival in Russia.", "Q880388": "Black Mark Production (founded 1991) is an independent record label originally based in Berlin, later on with offices in Stockholm, Toronto and New York City etc.\nBlack Mark Production today is a worldwide operating business placed in Villa Hammerheart, Bruzaholm, Sweden, that specializes in extreme metal releases, perhaps best known for its close connection to Quorthon, leader of the defining black metal band Bathory until his death in 2004.", "Q139211": "Joachim-Jean-Xavier d'Isoard (October 23, 1766 \u2013 October 7, 1839) was a French bishop and cardinal.", "Q195845": "Klondike Fever is a 1980 Canadian adventure film, based on the writings of Jack London. It follows London's journey from San Francisco to the Klondike gold fields of the Yukon Territory, Canada in 1898.", "Q317140": "The International Marxist Group (German: Gruppe Internationale Marxisten, GIM) was the name of two German Marxist groups. The first was formed in 1939, as a breakaway from the Communist Party Opposition (KPO), and was linked to the centrist Marxist International Workers Front.The second was a Trotskyist group in West Germany, formed in 1968 by the International Communists of Germany (IKD) and a faction of the Socialist German Student League (SDS). The GIM served as the German section of the reunified Fourth International. In the 1950s, the IKD had entered the Independent Workers' Party (UAP) and later the Social Democratic Party (SPD). The group was involved in the Extraparliamentary Opposition (APO) movement through the early 1970s. In 1986, the GIM joined with the Communist Party of Germany/Marxists-Leninists to form the Unified Socialist Party (VSP). The VSP changed its name to the Association for Solidarity Perspectives (VsP) in 1993.", "Q368794": "Ellen Hansen Corby (June 3, 1911 \u2013 April 14, 1999) was an American actress and screenwriter. She is best remembered for the role of Esther \"Grandma\" Walton on the CBS television series The Waltons, for which she won three Emmy Awards. She was also nominated for an Academy Award and won a Golden Globe Award for her performance as Aunt Trina in I Remember Mama (1948).", "Q2387574": "The FSB Academy (\u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, formerly known as The Dzerzhinsky Higher School of the KGB), is an education and research institution federally chartered to prepare Russian Intelligence personnel for the Federal Security Service in particular and for the Russian Intelligence Community in general.\nThe academy was formed by presidential decree in August 24, 1992 on the foundation of the Higher School of the KGB, and is located in Michurinsky Prospekt, Moscow, Russia. It consists of the Institute of Cryptography, Telecommunications and Computer Science (\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0418\u041a\u0421\u0418) and the Institute for Operational Training (\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0418\u041f\u041e\u0421) in various facilities. Colonel General Viktor Ostroukhov has been Head of the Academy since 2007.", "Q1893683": "Marco Blaauw (born 23 September 1965, in Lichtenvoorde) is a Dutch trumpeter.", "Q53026": "Mario Monicelli (Italian: [\u02c8ma\u02d0rjo moni\u02c8t\u0283\u025blli]; 16 May 1915 \u2013 29 November 2010) was an Italian film director and screenwriter and one of the masters of the Commedia all'Italiana (Comedy Italian style). He was nominated six times for an Oscar.", "Q215025": "Alexandre-Th\u00e9odore-Victor, comte de Lameth (20 October 1760 \u2013 18 March 1829) was a French soldier and politician.\n\n", "Q81174": "Jesus College (in full: Jesus College in the University of Oxford of Queen Elizabeth's Foundation) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It is in the centre of the city, on a site between Turl Street, Ship Street, Cornmarket Street and Market Street. The college was founded by Elizabeth I on 27 June 1571 for the education of clergy, though students now study a broad range of secular subjects. A major driving force behind the establishment of the college was Hugh Price (or Ap Rhys), a churchman from Brecon in Wales. The oldest buildings, in the first quadrangle, date from the 16th and early 17th centuries; a second quadrangle was added between about 1640 and about 1713, and a third quadrangle was built in about 1906. Further accommodation was built on the main site to mark the 400th anniversary of the college, in 1971, and student flats have been constructed at sites in north and east Oxford.\nThe life of the college was disrupted by the English Civil War. Leoline Jenkins, who became principal after the war in 1661, put the college on a more stable financial footing. Little happened at the college during the 18th century, and the 19th century saw a decline in numbers and academic standards. Reforms of Oxford University after two Royal Commissions in the latter half of the 19th century led to removal of many of the restrictions placed on the college's fellowships and scholarships, such that the college ceased to be predominantly full of Welsh students and academics. Students' academic achievements rose in the early 20th century as fellows were appointed to teach in new subjects. Women were first admitted in 1974 and now form a large part of the undergraduate population.\nThere are about 475 students at any one time; the Principal of the college is Sir Nigel Shadbolt. Former students include Harold Wilson (who was twice British Prime Minister), Norman Washington Manley (Chief Minister of Jamaica), T. E. Lawrence (\"Lawrence of Arabia\"), Angus Buchanan (winner of the Victoria Cross), and Viscount Sankey (Lord Chancellor). The university's professorship of Celtic is attached to the college, a post held by scholars such as Sir John Rhys, Ellis Evans and Thomas Charles-Edwards. Past or present fellows of the college include the historians Sir Goronwy Edwards and Niall Ferguson, the philosopher Galen Strawson, and the political philosopher John Gray.", "Q544031": "Alan Scholefield (15 January 1931 \u2013 26 October 2017) was a South African writer famous for his Macrae and Silver series.He lived in Hampshire and was married to Australian novelist Anthea Goddard. They had three daughters.", "Q75793": "Alfred Erich Hoche (German pronunciation: [\u02c8alf\u0281e\u02d0t \u02c8e\u02d0\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8h\u0254x\u0259]; 1 August 1865 \u2013 16 May 1943) was a German psychiatrist well known for his writings about eugenics and euthanasia.\n\n", "Q203653": "Ivan Fyodorovich Dobronravov (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432; born 2 June 1989) is a Russian actor best known for his lead role in the 2003 film Vozvrashcheniye (English title The Return).", "Q1546437": "Paris Dauphine University (French: Universit\u00e9 Paris-Dauphine), often referred to as Paris Dauphine or Dauphine, is a public research institution in Paris, France. It is the only institution in France to be both a grande \u00e9cole and University. Dauphine was founded as a faculty of economics and management in 1968 in the former NATO headquarters in western Paris, in the 16th arrondissement.\nDauphine is renowned for its teaching in finance, economics, mathematics, law and business strategy. Dauphine is a selective university with the status of \"Grand Etablissement\"; this unique legal status within the French higher education system allows Dauphine to make an entrance selection of its students. On average, 90 to 95% of the accepted students received either high distinctions or the highest distinctions at their French High School National Exam results (Examen National du Baccalaur\u00e9at).Dauphine is also a founding member, and now a constituent college, of Universit\u00e9 PSL; it ranks 1st in France and in the top 50 worldwide. It also belongs to the Conf\u00e9rence des Grandes \u00e9coles.\n\n", "Q89528": "Ariadne von Schirach (born 1978 in Munich) is a German philosopher, writer, journalist and critic. She is known as a literary critic for Deutschlandradio Kultur, and as an essayist and columnist for newspapers such as Die Welt and Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.\nShe studied philosophy, psychology and sociology at LMU, the Free University of Berlin and the Humboldt University of Berlin. She teaches philosophy and chinese thinking at the Berlin University of the Arts, the Hochschule f\u00fcr Bildende K\u00fcnste Hamburg and the Donau-Universit\u00e4t Krems since 2012. In 2007 she published the book Der Tanz um die Lust, about the consequences of an increasingly sexualized society, which became a bestseller. In 2014 she published her second book, Du sollst nicht funktionieren: F\u00fcr eine neue Lebenskunst. 2016 she published the psychoanalytical textbook Ich und du und M\u00fcllers Kuh. Kleine Charakterkunde f\u00fcr alle, die sich selbst und andere besser verstehen wollen. After Der Tanz um die Lust, 2007 and Du sollst nicht funktionieren. F\u00fcr eine neue Lebenskunst, 2014 she published 2019 Die psychotische Gesellschaft. Wie wir Angst und Ohnacht \u00fcberwinden, the final book of this Trilogy of Modern Life.\nSchirach is a member of the Sorbian Schirach family and is a daughter of the sinologist Richard von Schirach and a granddaughter of the Nazi youth leader and war criminal Baldur von Schirach. She is a cousin of the lawyer and bestselling crime writer Ferdinand von Schirach and the sister of the novelist Benedict Wells.", "Q1647": "Rijeka (, also US: , Croatian: [rij\u011b\u02d0ka] (listen); Hungarian: Fiume, Italian: Fiume [\u02c8fju\u02d0me]; Slovene: Reka; German: Sankt Veit am Flaum) is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,624 inhabitants. \nHistorically, because of its strategic position and its excellent deep-water port, the city was fiercely contested, especially among Italy, Hungary (serving as the Kingdom of Hungary's largest and most important port), and Croatia, changing hands and demographics many times over centuries. According to the 2011 census data, the majority of its citizens are Croats, along with a large minority of Serbs, and smaller numbers of Bosniaks and Italians.\nRijeka is the main city and county seat of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. The city's economy largely depends on shipbuilding (shipyards \"3. Maj\" and \"Viktor Lenac Shipyard\") and maritime transport. Rijeka hosts the Croatian National Theatre Ivan pl. Zajc, first built in 1765, as well as the University of Rijeka, founded in 1973 but with roots dating back to 1632 School of Theology.Apart from Croatian and Italian, linguistically the city is home to its own unique dialect of the Venetian language, Fiuman, with an estimated 20,000 speakers among the autochthonous Italians, Croats and other minorities. Historically Fiuman served as the main lingua franca between the many ethnicities inhabiting the multiethnic port-town. In certain suburbs of the modern extended municipality the autochthonous population still speaks the Chakavian tongue, a dialect of the Croatian language.\nIn 2016, Rijeka was selected as the European Capital of Culture for 2020, with the motto Rijeka 2020 Port of Diversity, alongside Galway, Republic of Ireland. The program comprehends more than 600 events. On 1 February 2020 more than 30,000 people attended the central opening ceremony which was held in Rijeka's Port and featured Opera Industriale, an authentic urban opera based on the musical framework designed by Rijeka art duo JMZM (Josip Mar\u0161i\u0107 and Zoran Medved) and orchestrated by Croatian composer, maestro Frano \u0110urovi\u0107.", "Q318267": "Eric Stoltz (born September 30, 1961) is an American actor, director and film producer. He played the role of Rocky Dennis in the biographical drama film Mask, which earned him the nomination for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture, and has appeared in a wide variety of films from mainstream fare like Some Kind of Wonderful to independent films like Pulp Fiction, Killing Zoe, and Kicking and Screaming. \nIn 1985, Stoltz was the original actor cast as Marty McFly in the movie Back to the Future before the role was recast with Michael J. Fox.\nIn 2010, he portrayed Daniel Graystone in the science fiction television series Caprica, and became a regular director on the television series Glee.", "Q14379": "Lake Maggiore (UK: , US: ; Italian: Lago Maggiore [\u02c8la\u02d0\u0261o mad\u02c8d\u0292o\u02d0re]; Western Lombard: Lagh Maggior; Piedmontese: Lagh Magior; literally 'Greater Lake') or Verbano (pronounced [ver\u02c8ba\u02d0no]; Latin: Lacus Verbanus) is a large lake located on the south side of the Alps. It is the second largest lake in Italy and the largest in southern Switzerland. The lake and its shoreline are divided between the Italian regions of Piedmont and Lombardy and the Swiss canton of Ticino. Located halfway between Lake Orta and Lake Lugano, Lake Maggiore extends for about 65 kilometres (40 miles) between Locarno and Arona.\nThe climate is mild in both summer and winter, producing Mediterranean vegetation, with many gardens growing rare and exotic plants. Well-known gardens include those of the Borromean and Brissago Islands, that of the Villa Taranto in Verbania, and the Alpinia Botanical Garden above Stresa.", "Q130547": "Jason Thomas Orange (born 10 July 1970) is a retired English singer-songwriter, dancer, musician and actor. He was a member of Take That during their original run from 1990 to 1996 and again following their reunion in 2005. He left the group in 2014.", "Q311525": "Flawless is a 2007 British fictional heist crime film directed by Michael Radford, written by Edward Anderson, and starring Michael Caine and Demi Moore. It premiered 11 February 2007 in Germany. The film had a limited release in the United States on 28 March 2008.", "Q586364": "The Conservative Party (Bokm\u00e5l: H\u00f8yre, Nynorsk: H\u00f8gre, H, literally \"Right\") is a liberal-conservative political party in Norway. It is the major party of the Norwegian centre-right, and the leading party in the governing Solberg cabinet. The current party leader is the Prime Minister of Norway Erna Solberg.\nIn national elections in September 2013, voters ended eight years of Labour Party rule. A coalition of the Conservative Party and the Progress Party (FrP) entered office based on promises of tax cuts, better services and stricter rules on immigration, with the support of the Liberal Party and Christian Democratic Party. After winning the elections, Solberg said her win was \"a historic election victory for the right-wing parties\".The party advocates economic liberalism, reduction of taxes, and individual rights, and defines itself as a \"conservative party of progress\". It has historically been the most outspokenly pro-European Union party in Norway, supporting Norwegian membership during both the 1972 and 1994 referendums. The party generally supports semi-privatization through state-funded private services and tougher law and order measures.Founded in 1884, the Conservative Party is the second oldest political party in Norway after the Liberal Party. In the interwar era, one of the main goals for the party was to achieve a centre-right alliance against the growing labour movement, when the party went into decline. In the post-war era until 2005 the party participated in six governments; two 1960s national governments (Lyng's Cabinet and Borten's Cabinet), one 1980s Conservative Party minority government (Willoch's First Cabinet), two 1980s three-party governments (Willoch's Second Cabinet and Syse's Cabinet), and in the 2000s Bondevik's Second Cabinet.", "Q4889011": "Benjamin Matlack Everhart (born near West Chester, Pennsylvania, 24 April 1818; died in West Chester, 22 September 1904) was a United States mycologist.", "Q3821884": "Patrick Joseph McGovern, Jr. (August 11, 1937 \u2013 March 19, 2014) was an American businessman, and chairman and founder of International Data Group (IDG), a company with subsidiaries in technology publishing, research, event management and venture capital.\nIn September, 2013, he was listed on the Forbes 400 list of the richest Americans, having a net worth of $5.1 billion.\n\n", "Q366975": "Jail Bait (also known as Hidden Face) is a 1954 American film noir directed by Ed Wood, with a screenplay by Wood and Alex Gordon. The film stars Clancy Malone as the delinquent son of a famous doctor, and his involvement with a dangerous criminal. Famed bodybuilder Steve Reeves made his first major screen appearance in the film, and it was one of the few films he made using his own voice (most of the films he made thereafter in Italy were dubbed in post production using other actors' voices). The film belongs to the film noir genre, and contains themes typical of it such as plastic surgery and identity theft.", "Q77184": "Leopold von Ranke (German: [f\u0254n \u02c8\u0281a\u014bk\u0259]; 21 December 1795 \u2013 23 May 1886) was a German historian and a founder of modern source-based history. According to Caroline Hoefferle, \"Ranke was probably the most important historian to shape [the] historical profession as it emerged in Europe and the United States in the late 19th century\". He was able to implement the seminar teaching method in his classroom and focused on archival research and analysis of historical documents. Building on the methods of the G\u00f6ttingen School of History, Ranke set the standards for much of later historical writing, introducing such ideas as reliance on primary sources (empiricism), an emphasis on narrative history and especially international politics (Au\u00dfenpolitik).", "Q58167": "Titus Corl\u0103\u021bean (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8titus korl\u0259\u02c8t\u0361se\u032fan]; born 11 January 1968) is a Romanian politician and diplomat, former Minister of Justice and of Foreign Affairs. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), part of the Party of European Socialists, and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Bra\u0219ov County in the 2004 elections. \n\n", "Q57254": "Ollanta Mois\u00e9s Humala Tasso (Spanish pronunciation: [o\u02c8\u029danta u\u02c8mala]; born 27 June 1962) is a Peruvian politician who served as the 65th President of Peru from 2011 to 2016. A former army officer, Humala lost the 2006 presidential election and eventually won the 2011 presidential election in a run-off vote. He was elected as President of Peru in the second round, defeating Keiko Fujimori.\nThe son of Isaac Humala, a labour lawyer, Humala entered the Peruvian Army in 1981. In the military he achieved the rank of Lieutenant Colonel; in 1991 he fought in the internal conflict against the Shining Path and three years later he participated in the Cenepa War against Ecuador. In October 2000, Humala attempted an unsuccessful coup d'etat by soldiers in the southern city of Tacna against President Alberto Fujimori; he was pardoned by the Peruvian Congress after the downfall of the Fujimori regime.\nIn 2005 he founded the Peruvian Nationalist Party and registered to run in the 2006 presidential election. The nomination was made under the Union for Peru ticket as the Nationalist party did not achieve its electoral inscription on time. He passed the first round of the elections, held on April 9, 2006, with 30.62% of the valid votes. A runoff was held on June 4 between Humala and Alan Garc\u00eda of the Peruvian Aprista Party. Humala lost this round with 47.47% of the valid votes versus 52.62% for Garc\u00eda. After his defeat, Humala remained an important figure within Peruvian politics.\nIn February 2016, amidst the Peruvian Presidential Race, a report from the Brazilian Federal Police implicated Humala as recipient of bribes from Odebrecht, a Brazilian construction company, in exchange of assigned public works. President Humala rejected the implication and has avoided speaking to the media on the matter.Humala was arrested by Peruvian authorities in July 2017 and awaits a corruption trial.", "Q67397": "Wessel Harmensz Gansfort (1419 \u2013 October 4, 1489) was a theologian and early humanist of the northern Low Countries. Many variations of his last name are seen and he is sometimes incorrectly called Johan Wessel.\nGansfort has been called one of the reformers before the Reformation. He protested against a perceived paganizing of the papacy, superstitious and magical uses of the sacraments, the authority of ecclesiastical tradition, and the tendency in later scholastic theology to lay greater stress, in a doctrine of justification, upon the instrumentality of the human will than on the work of Christ for man's salvation.", "Q933142": "Benjamin Clarence \"Bull Moose\" Jackson (April 22, 1919 \u2013 July 31, 1989) was an American blues and rhythm-and-blues singer and saxophonist, who was most successful in the late 1940s. He is considered a performer of dirty blues because of the suggestive nature of some of his songs, such as \"I Want a Bowlegged Woman\" and \"Big Ten Inch Record\".", "Q567830": "Harry Robinson Hamlin (born October 30, 1951) is an American actor, author, and entrepreneur. Hamlin is known for his roles as Perseus in the 1981 fantasy film Clash of the Titans and as Michael Kuzak in the legal drama series L.A. Law, for which he received three Golden Globe nominations. For his recurring role on the AMC drama series Mad Men, Hamlin received a Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series.", "Q3050": "Recklinghausen (German pronunciation: [\u02cc\u0281\u025bkl\u026a\u014b\u02c8ha\u028azn\u0329] (listen)) is the northernmost city in the Ruhr-Area and the capital of the Recklinghausen district. It borders the rural M\u00fcnsterland and is characterized by large fields and farms in the north and industry in the south. Recklinghausen is the 60th-largest city in Germany and the 22nd-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia.", "Q231187": "Sarah Miles (born 31 December 1941) is an English theatre and film actress. Her best-known films include The Servant (1963), Blowup (1966), Ryan's Daughter (1970), The Man Who Loved Cat Dancing (1973), White Mischief (1987) and Hope and Glory (1987).", "Q1004381": "Ugly Americans is an American adult animated sitcom created by Devin Clark and developed by David M. Stern. The program focuses on the life of Mark Lilly, a social worker employed by the Department of Integration, in an alternate reality version of New York City inhabited by monsters and other creatures. Daniel Powell served as executive producer and Aaron Augenblick as supervising producer and animation director.\nUgly Americans aired on Comedy Central from March 17, 2010 to April 25, 2012 with a total of 31 episodes over two seasons.\nA video game based on the series (Ugly Americans: Apocalypsegeddon) was released in 2011 on Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3, and received mostly negative reviews.", "Q1348641": "Teppo Kalevi Numminen (born July 3, 1968) is a Finnish retired professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Q230299": "Elizabeth Cochran Seaman (May 5, 1864 \u2013 January 27, 1922), better known by her pen name Nellie Bly, was an American journalist, industrialist, inventor, and charity worker who was widely known for her record-breaking trip around the world in 72 days, in emulation of Jules Verne's fictional character Phileas Fogg, and an expos\u00e9 in which she worked undercover to report on a mental institution from within. She was a pioneer in her field, and launched a new kind of investigative journalism.", "Q3182945": "Johnny Ned Adams (born in 1960) is a pilot, a businessman and a former mayor of the village of Kuujjuaq in Quebec, Canada. His leadership helped the development of his community and has been recognized by the Quebec government by naming him Knight of the National Order of Quebec in 2006.", "Q28480": "Max Brod (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e7\u05e1 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05d3; May 27, 1884 \u2013 December 20, 1968) was a German-speaking Jewish Czech, later Israeli, author, composer, and journalist. Although he was a prolific writer in his own right, he is best remembered as the friend and biographer of writer Franz Kafka. Kafka named Brod as his literary executor, instructing Brod to burn his unpublished work upon his death. Brod refused and had Kafka's works published instead.\n\n", "Q465955": "Thelma Houston (n\u00e9e Jackson; born May 7, 1946) is an American singer and actress. She scored a number-one hit in 1977 with her recording of \"Don't Leave Me This Way\", which won the Grammy for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance.", "Q547538": "It Might Get Loud is a 2008 American documentary film by filmmaker Davis Guggenheim. It explores the careers and musical styles of prominent rock guitarists Jimmy Page, the Edge, and Jack White. The film premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival, and received a wide release in the United States on August 14, 2009, from Sony Pictures Classics.", "Q237290": "Keeley Clare Julia Hawes (born 10 February 1976) is an English actress, born in London and educated at the Sylvia Young Theatre School. She began her career in a number of literary adaptations, including Our Mutual Friend (1998), Wives and Daughters (1999), Tipping the Velvet (2002), and The Canterbury Tales (2003). She portrayed Zoe Reynolds in the BBC espionage drama series Spooks from 2002 to 2004, followed by her co-lead performance as Alex Drake in Ashes to Ashes (2008\u20132010), for which she won a Glamour Award. She played leading roles in the 2010 revival of Upstairs, Downstairs, the limited series The Casual Vacancy (2015), The Missing (2016), and the ITV comedy-drama The Durrells (2016\u20132019).\nHawes was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for her performance in Jed Mercurio's police procedural Line of Duty as DI Lindsey Denton. She teamed again with Mercurio for the 2018 thriller Bodyguard in which she played Home Secretary Julia Montague. Hawes has also appeared in films, including Death at a Funeral (2007) and High-Rise (2015), and she provided the voice of Lara Croft in a series of Tomb Raider video games.", "Q518982": "Diego Mart\u00ednez Barrio (25 November 1883, Seville \u2013 1 January 1962) was a Spanish politician during the Second Spanish Republic, Prime Minister of Spain between 9 October 1933 and 26 December 1933 and was briefly appointed again by Manuel Aza\u00f1a on 19 July 1936 - two days after the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. From 16 March 1936 to 30 March 1939 Mart\u00ednez was President of the Cortes. In 1936, he was briefly the interim President of the Second Spanish Republic, from 7 April to 10 May.\n\n", "Q51143": "Adam Fenton (born 8 February 1972) is an English record producer and DJ who has worked across various genres. He is also the co-founder of the drum and bass label Breakbeat Kaos along with DJ Fresh. He found initial success with the 1990s drum and bass singles \"Circles\", \"Metropolis\" / \"Mother Earth\", and \"F-Jam\", before releasing his debut studio album Colours in 1997. In 2001, he transitioned into hip hop music, producing the album Kaos: The Anti-Acoustic Warfare, featuring collaborations with LL Cool J, Redman and De La Soul. He later released a remix album, Drum and Bass Warfare, and collaborated with DJ Fresh", "Q190097": "Carinus (Latin: Marcus Aurelius Carinus Augustus; died 285) was Roman Emperor from 283 to 285. The elder son of emperor Carus, he was first appointed Caesar and in the beginning of 283 co-emperor of the western portion of the empire by his father. Official accounts of his character and career, which portray him as debauched and incapable, have been filtered through the propaganda of his successful opponent, Diocletian.", "Q3136238": "Hironobu Kanagawa (\u91d1\u5ddd \u5f18\u6566, Kanagawa Hironobu, October 13, 1963) is a Japanese-Canadian actor, voice actor, and playwright based in Vancouver, British Columbia. He has appeared in numerous high-profile films and television series shot in the Vancouver area, including Smallville, Caprica, Godzilla, The Man in the High Castle, Altered Carbon, iZombie, Legends of Tomorrow, Heroes Reborn, and Kim's Convenience, and was a writer on Da Vinci's City Hall. As a voice-over artist, he was the original English-language voice of Gihren Zabi in the Mobile Suit Gundam franchise and played Reed Richards in Fantastic Four: World's Greatest Heroes.\nKanagawa has also written several stage dramas,. He won the Governor General\u2019s Literary Award for English-language Drama for his 2017 play Indian Arm.", "Q345612": "Harold Bloom (July 11, 1930 \u2013 October 14, 2019) was an American literary critic and the Sterling Professor of Humanities at Yale University. He is often cited as the most influential critic of the late 20th century. Following the publication of his first book in 1959, Bloom wrote more than 50 books, including 20 books of literary criticism, several books discussing religion, and a novel. During his lifetime, he edited hundreds of anthologies concerning numerous literary and philosophical figures for the Chelsea House publishing firm. Bloom's books have been translated into more than 40 languages.\nBloom was a defender of the traditional Western canon at a time when literary departments were focusing on what he derided as the \"school of resentment\" (multiculturalists, feminists, Marxists, neoconservatives, and others). He was educated at Yale University, the University of Cambridge, and Cornell University.", "Q431": "Zoology () is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. The term is derived from Ancient Greek \u03b6\u1ff7\u03bf\u03bd, z\u014dion, i.e. \"animal\" and \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, logos, i.e. \"knowledge, study\".", "Q83005": "For Ghiberti's \"Gates of Paradise\"; see Battistero di San Giovanni\n\nGates to Paradise is a 1968 film by Polish director Andrzej Wajda. The film is set in medieval France and is based on a novel by Polish writer Jerzy Andrzejewski (1960) that seeks to expose the motives behind youthful religious zeal. It was entered into the 18th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q57532": "George Maxwell Richards, (1 December 1931 \u2013 8 January 2018), was a Trinidadian and Tobagonian politician who served as the fourth President of Trinidad and Tobago, in office from 2003 to 2013. He was the first President of Trinidad and Tobago and head of state in the Anglophone Caribbean to have Amerindian ancestry.A chemical engineer by training, Richards was Principal of the St. Augustine campus of the University of the West Indies in Trinidad from 1984 to 1996. He previously worked for Shell Trinidad Ltd before joining the University of the West Indies in 1965. He was sworn into office as President on 17 March 2003 for a five-year term.", "Q215757": "Jared Tristan Padalecki (born July 19, 1982) is an American actor. He is best known for playing the role of Sam Winchester in the TV series Supernatural. He grew up in Texas and rose to fame in the early 2000s after appearing on the television series Gilmore Girls as well as the films New York Minute and House of Wax.", "Q130221": "Frederick II (26 December 1194 \u2013 13 December 1250) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225. He was the son of emperor Henry VI of the Hohenstaufen dynasty and of Constance, heiress to the Norman kings of Sicily.\n\nHis political and cultural ambitions were enormous as he ruled a vast area, beginning with Sicily and stretching through Italy all the way north to Germany. As the Crusades progressed, he acquired control of Jerusalem and styled himself its king. However, the Papacy became his enemy, and it eventually prevailed. Viewing himself as a direct successor to the Roman emperors of antiquity, he was Emperor of the Romans from his papal coronation in 1220 until his death; he was also a claimant to the title of King of the Romans from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215. As such, he was King of Germany, of Italy, and of Burgundy. At the age of three, he was crowned King of Sicily as a co-ruler with his mother, Constance of Hauteville, the daughter of Roger II of Sicily. His other royal title was King of Jerusalem by virtue of marriage and his connection with the Sixth Crusade. Frequently at war with the papacy, which was hemmed in between Frederick's lands in northern Italy and his Kingdom of Sicily (the Regno) to the south, he was excommunicated three times and often vilified in pro-papal chronicles of the time and after. Pope Gregory IX went so far as to call him an Antichrist.\nSpeaking six languages (Latin, Sicilian, Middle High German, Langues d'o\u00efl, Greek and Arabic), Frederick was an avid patron of science and the arts. He played a major role in promoting literature through the Sicilian School of poetry. His Sicilian royal court in Palermo, beginning around 1220, saw the first use of a literary form of an Italo-Romance language, Sicilian. The poetry that emanated from the school had a significant influence on literature and on what was to become the modern Italian language. He was also the first king to formally outlaw trial by ordeal, which had come to be viewed as superstitious.After his death his line did not survive, and the House of Hohenstaufen came to an end. Furthermore, the Holy Roman Empire entered a long period of decline during the Great Interregnum from which it did not completely recover until the reign of Charles V, 250 years later.\nHistorian Donald Detwiler wrote: A man of extraordinary culture, energy, and ability \u2013 called by a contemporary chronicler stupor mundi (the wonder of the world), by Nietzsche the first European, and by many historians the first modern ruler \u2013 Frederick established in Sicily and southern Italy something very much like a modern, centrally governed kingdom with an efficient bureaucracy.", "Q631416": "Kung Hsiang-hsi (Chinese: \u5b54\u7965\u7199; pinyin: K\u01d2ng Xi\u00e1ngx\u012b; Wade\u2013Giles: K'ung3 Hsiang2-hsi1; September 11, 1881 \u2013 August 16, 1967), often known as Dr. H. H. Kung, was a Chinese banker and politician in the early 20th century. He married Soong Ai-ling, the eldest of the three Soong sisters; the other two married President Sun Yat-sen and the later President Chiang Kai-shek. Together with his brother-in-law, Soong Tse-ven, he was highly influential in determining the economic policies of the Kuomintang-led Nationalist government of the Republic of China in the 1930s and 1940s.", "Q253702": "Rainie Yang (Chinese: \u694a\u4e1e\u7433; born 4 June 1984) is a Taiwanese singer, actress, and television host.", "Q97070": "Friedrich Samuel Bock (K\u00f6nigsberg 20 May 1716 \u2013 K\u00f6nigsberg 30 September 1785) was a German philosopher and theologian.In 1753 he was appointed first professor of Greek, then theology at the University of K\u00f6nigsberg, though he resigned both positions in 1770 due to the University's failure to pay a salary, plus the onerous duty that the professor of Greek had to lecture on the whole of the New Testament annually.\nHe retained his previous position as university librarian, in all for twenty-seven years. It was in this position that Bock is associated with Immanuel Kant who was his assistant. At this period the library, or Schlo\u00dfbibliothek, was situated in two rooms in the castle.", "Q88150": "Wolfgang Harich (3 December 1923 \u2013 15 March 1995) was a philosopher and journalist in East Germany.\nA deserter from the German army in World War II and a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, Harich became a professor of philosophy at Humboldt University in 1949. He was arrested in 1956 and sentenced to ten years in prison for the \"establishment of a conspiratorial counterrevolutionary group.\" He was released in 1964, after eight years, and rehabilitated in 1990. In 1994 he joined the Party of Democratic Socialism.\nHis grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof III der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No. III of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church and New Church) in Berlin-Kreuzberg, south of Hallesches Tor.", "Q1077409": "Christopher James Kluwe (; born December 24, 1981) is a former American football punter and writer. Kluwe played at Los Alamitos High School in Los Alamitos, California, where he was a 1999 USA Today High School All-American, and then attended the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he played college football for the UCLA Bruins. He was signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 2005 and played professionally in the National Football League for the Seattle Seahawks, Minnesota Vikings, and Oakland Raiders.\nKluwe is widely known for his eight seasons with the Minnesota Vikings, where he set eight individual team records. During this period, Kluwe became an outspoken advocate on social issues, including same sex marriage and gay rights, which ultimately led to tension between Kluwe and coaching staff.\nKluwe was released by the Vikings after the 2012 season, signed with the Oakland Raiders prior to the 2013 season, and was subsequently released. Kluwe was unable to find another NFL team with which to sign and retired from professional football in 2013. Following his departure from football, he has pursued a writing career and was a humor columnist for the sports website Deadspin.", "Q87263": "Hans Holt (22 November 1909 \u2013 3 August 2001) was an Austrian film actor. He appeared in more than 100 films between 1935 and 1990.", "Q842977": "Hiroyuki Nishimura (\u897f\u6751 \u535a\u4e4b, Nishimura Hiroyuki, born November 16, 1976) is a Japanese internet entrepreneur who is the founder and former administrator of the most accessed Japanese message board site 2channel, and current administrator of 4chan. \nUntil February 2013, he held a position of director at Niwango Inc., known for its service Nico Nico Douga.On the Internet, he is usually known by his given name, hiroyuki. Christopher Poole, the founder of 4chan, formally announced on 21 September 2015 that he had sold the website to Nishimura.", "Q470380": "P\u0159erov (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8pr\u031d\u030a\u025brof]; German: Prerau) is a city on the Be\u010dva River in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has a population of approximately 43,000 people. P\u0159erov is about 22 kilometres (14 miles) south east of Olomouc. In the past it was a major crossroad in the heart of Moravia in the Czech Republic.", "Q1387756": "Michael Paul Chan (born June 26, 1950) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Lieutenant Michael Tao on the TNT series The Closer and Major Crimes. He also acted in U.S. Marshals, playing an assassin.", "Q667888": "Claude Mandil (born 1942 in Lyon, France) is a French businessman. Mandil is a member of the Board of Directors of Total S.A. and is the former Executive Director of the International Energy Agency (IEA).", "Q356108": "Rhodri Meilir (born 18 November 1978) is a Welsh actor. In 2018, he began portraying the role of Dilwyn in the BBC Three series In My Skin.", "Q336824": "Arden VanAmringe Myrin (; born December 10, 1973) is an American actress and comedian. Myrin plays Regina Sinclair on the Netflix series Insatiable. She joined the cast of season seven of Showtime's Shameless, and appeared in the world premiere of Steve Martin's play Meteor Shower at the Long Wharf Theatre. Her television credits include Orange Is the New Black, Hung, Key & Peele, Inside Amy Schumer, W/ Bob & David, Psych, Bones, Fresh Off the Boat, Suburgatory, 2 Broke Girls, Reno 911!, and Gilmore Girls, among others. From 1997 to 1999, Arden played the regular role of Abby Cosgrove on Working, an NBC sitcom starring Fred Savage. Arden will be seen next in the feature film Extracurricular Activities.\nMyrin has appeared in many films, including the Sundance Films Bachelorette, and Wrong Cops and Wrong both made by Mr. Oizo, as well as Kinsey, Morning Glory, and others.\nArden's theater credits include Robert O'Hara's Barbecue at The Public Theater in New York City, as well as the premiere of John Ross Bowie's play about The Ramones Four Chords and A Gun at the Bootleg Theater in Los Angeles. Arden was in the original New York City production of David Mamet's Boston Marriage at the Public Theater, and appeared in Hay Fever directed by Darko Tresnjak at the Westport Country Playhouse.\nAs a comedian Arden tours across the country and co-hosts a comedy show Tinkle Twins at Meltdown Comics with Dana Gould. Arden appeared on Chelsea Lately over 100 times, and is a regular panelist on @midnight.\nShe was cast member of Mad TV for the last four seasons along with Keegan-Michael Key, Jordan Peele, Ike Barinholtz, and Bobby Lee. She has appeared on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, The Howard Stern Show, WTF with Marc Maron, and RuPaul's Drag Race. Arden is also the host of the Nerdist podcast Will You Accept This Rose? about The Bachelor/The Bachelorette franchise.", "Q151813": "Frederik Willem de Klerk (, Afrikaans: [\u02c8fr\u026a\u0259d\u0259r\u0259k \u02c8v\u0259l\u0259m d\u0259 \u02c8kl\u025brk]; born 18 March 1936) is a South African politician who served as State President of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as Deputy President from 1994 to 1996. As South Africa's last head of state from the era of white-minority rule, he and his government dismantled the apartheid system and introduced universal suffrage. Ideologically a conservative and an economic liberal, he led the National Party from 1989 to 1997.\nBorn in Johannesburg, South Africa, to an influential Afrikaner family, de Klerk studied at Potchefstroom University before pursuing a career in law. Joining the National Party, to which he had family ties, he was elected to parliament and sat in the white-minority government of P. W. Botha, holding a succession of ministerial posts. As a minister, he supported and enforced apartheid, a system of racial segregation that privileged white South Africans. After Botha resigned in 1989, de Klerk replaced him, first as leader of the National Party and then as State President. Although observers expected him to continue Botha's defence of apartheid, de Klerk decided to end the policy. He was aware that growing ethnic animosity and violence was leading South Africa into a racial civil war. Amid this violence, the state security forces committed widespread human rights abuses and encouraged violence between Xhosa and Zulu, although de Klerk later denied sanctioning such actions. He permitted anti-apartheid marches to take place, legalised a range of previously banned anti-apartheid political parties, and freed imprisoned anti-apartheid activists, including Nelson Mandela. He also dismantled South Africa's nuclear weapons program.\nDe Klerk negotiated with Mandela to fully dismantle apartheid and establish a transition to universal suffrage. In 1993, he publicly apologised for apartheid's harmful effects, although not for apartheid itself. He oversaw the 1994 non-racial election in which Mandela led the African National Congress (ANC) to victory; de Klerk's National Party took second place with 20% of the vote. After the election, de Klerk became a Deputy President in Mandela's ANC-led coalition, the Government of National Unity. In this position, he supported the government's liberal economic policies. De Klerk had desired a total amnesty for political crimes committed under apartheid and opposed the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up to investigate past human rights abuses by both pro and anti-apartheid groups. His working relationship with Mandela was strained, although he later spoke fondly of him. In May 1996, after the National Party objected to the new constitution, de Klerk withdrew it from the coalition government; the party disbanded the following year and reformed as the New National Party. In 1997, he retired from active politics and since then has lectured internationally.\nDe Klerk is a controversial figure. The recipient of a wide range of awards\u2014including the Nobel Peace Prize\u2014he was widely praised for dismantling apartheid and bringing universal suffrage to South Africa. Conversely, anti-apartheid activists criticised him for offering only a qualified apology for apartheid and for ignoring the human rights abuses carried out by his state security forces, while South Africa's white right-wing claimed that by abandoning apartheid he had betrayed the interests of the country's white minority.", "Q62589": "Sweden and Norway or Sweden\u2013Norway (Swedish: Svensk-norska unionen; Norwegian: Den svensk-norske union), officially the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, or as the United Kingdoms, was a personal union of the separate kingdoms of Sweden and Norway under a common monarch and common foreign policy that lasted from 1814 until its peaceful dissolution in 1905.The two states kept separate constitutions, laws, legislatures, administrations, state churches, armed forces, and currencies; the kings mostly resided in Stockholm, where foreign diplomatic representations were located. The Norwegian government was presided over by viceroys: Swedes until 1829, Norwegians until 1856. That office was later vacant and then abolished in 1873. Foreign policy was conducted through the Swedish foreign ministry until the dissolution of the union in 1905.\nNorway had been in a closer union with Denmark, but Denmark-Norway's alliance with Napoleonic France caused the United Kingdom and Russia to consent to Sweden's annexation of the realm as compensation for the loss of Finland in 1809 and as a reward for joining the alliance against Napoleon. By the 1814 Treaty of Kiel, the King of Denmark-Norway was forced to cede Norway to the King of Sweden. But Norway refused to submit to the treaty provisions, declared independence, and convoked a constituent assembly at Eidsvoll in early 1814.\nAfter the adoption of the new Constitution of Norway on 17 May 1814, Prince Christian Frederick was elected king. The ensuing Swedish\u2013Norwegian War (1814) and the Convention of Moss compelled Christian Frederick to abdicate after calling an extraordinary session of the Norwegian Parliament, the Storting, to revise the Constitution in order to allow for a personal union with Sweden. On 4 November the Storting elected Charles XIII as the King of Norway, thereby confirming the union. Continuing differences between the two realms led to a failed attempt to create a separate Norwegian consular service and then, on 7 June 1905, to a unilateral declaration of independence by the Storting. Sweden accepted the union's dissolution on 26 October. After a plebiscite confirming the election of Prince Carl of Denmark as the new king of Norway, he accepted the Storting's offer of the throne on 18 November and took the regnal name of Haakon VII.", "Q245160": "The Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG; Georgian: \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 sak\u2019art\u2019velos demokratiuli respublika) existed from May 1918 to February 1921 and was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia.\nThe DRG was created after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917. Its established borders were with the Kuban People's Republic and the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus in the north, the Ottoman Empire and the First Republic of Armenia in the south, and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in the southeast. It had a total land area of roughly 107,600 km2 (by comparison, the total area of today's Georgia is 69,700 km2), and a population of 2.5 million.\nThe republic's capital was Tbilisi, and its state language was Georgian. Proclaimed on May 26, 1918, on the break-up of the Transcaucasian Federation, it was led by the Georgian Social Democratic Party (also known as the Georgian Menshevik Party). Facing permanent internal and external problems, the young state was unable to withstand invasion by Russia's Red Army and collapsed between February and March 1921, to become a Soviet republic.", "Q92635": "Jacques Fabrice Vall\u00e9e (French: [vale]; born September 24, 1939) is a computer scientist, venture capitalist, author, ufologist and astronomer currently residing in San Francisco, California and Paris, France.\nIn mainstream science, he began his professional life as an astronomer at the Paris Observatory. Vall\u00e9e co-developed the first computerized map of Mars for NASA in 1963. He later worked on the network information center for the ARPANET, a precursor to the modern Internet, as a staff engineer of SRI International's Augmentation Research Center under Douglas Engelbart.\nVall\u00e9e is also an important figure in the study of unidentified flying objects (UFOs), first noted for a defense of the scientific legitimacy of the extraterrestrial hypothesis and later for promoting the interdimensional hypothesis.\n\n", "Q1979567": "The New Frontier Party (\u65b0\u9032\u515a, Shinshint\u014d, NFP, lit. \"New Progressive Party\") was a political party in Japan founded in December 1994. As a merger of several small parties, the party was ideologically diverse, with its membership ranging from moderate social democrats to liberals and conservatives. The party dissolved in December 1997, with Ichir\u014d Ozawa's faction forming the Liberal Party and other splinters later joining the Democratic Party of Japan in April 1998.", "Q1137062": "Jack Ma, or Ma Yun (Chinese: \u9a6c\u4e91; [m\u00e0 y\u030cn]; born 10 September 1964), is a Chinese business magnate, investor and politician. He is the co-founder and former executive chairman of Alibaba Group, a multinational technology conglomerate. Ma is a strong proponent of an open and market-driven economy.A prominent business leader, Ma is seen as a global ambassador for Chinese business and as such is frequently listed as one of the world's most powerful people, with Forbes ranking him 21st on its \"World's Most Powerful People\" list. He also serves as a role model for startup businesses. In 2017, Ma was ranked second in the annual \"World's 50 Greatest Leaders\" list by Fortune. In September 2018, he announced that he would retire from Alibaba and pursue educational work, philanthropy, and environmental causes; the following year, Daniel Zhang succeeded him as executive chairman.As of March 2020, Ma is the wealthiest person in China, with a net worth of $42.3 billion, as well as one of the wealthiest people in the world, ranked 20th by Bloomberg Billionaires Index and Forbes. In 2019, Forbes named Ma in its list of \"Asia's 2019 Heroes of Philanthropy\" for his work supporting underprivileged communities in China, Africa, Australia, and the Middle East.", "Q1636655": "Melodiya (Russian: \u039c\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f, lit. 'Melody') is a Russian (formerly Soviet) record label. It was the state-owned major record company of the Soviet Union.", "Q2349054": "Alfred Ormond Edwards (12 October 1850 \u2013 4 April 1923) was an English businessman and football pioneer. In 1899, he was one of the founding fathers and first chairman of Italian football club A.C. Milan under the original name of Milan Foot-Ball and Cricket Club.\n\n", "Q49031": "Julia Elizabeth King, Baroness Brown of Cambridge, (born 11 July 1954) is a British engineer and crossbench member of the House of Lords, present Chair of the Carbon Trust and was the Vice-Chancellor of Aston University from 2006 to 2016.", "Q487753": "Mario Bertok (2 September 1929 \u2013 20 August 2008) was a Croatian chess master and sports journalist, writing for the Sportske novosti daily sports newspaper. He was born in Zagreb, Yugoslavia.\nBertok earned the International Master title in 1957. He represented Yugoslavia on board four at the 1960 Chess Olympiad, scoring +5=5\u22123. A second-place finish in the 1960 Yugoslav Championship earned Bertok a berth in the 1960 Budapest Zonal where he placed 2nd, taking third after a playoff.\nAt the 1962 Stockholm Interzonal he finished 17th.\nHis best international result was Rovinj-Zagreb 1970 where he finished 9th=.\nBertok's wife was a well-known Yugoslav actress Semka Sokolovi\u0107-Bertok (1935\u20132008), who herself was a competitive chess player in her youth.On 20 August 2008, Bertok was reported missing after a few hours of swimming off the shores of Jarun Lake; his body was recovered from the lake later the same day.", "Q386164": "Near Dark is a 1987 American neo-western horror film co-written and directed by Kathryn Bigelow, and starring Adrian Pasdar, Jenny Wright, Bill Paxton, Lance Henriksen and Jenette Goldstein. The plot follows a young man in a small midwestern town who becomes involved with a family of nomadic American vampires.\nDespite performing poorly at the box office, critic reviews were very positive. Over the years, the film has gained a cult following.", "Q711951": "Gary Michael Karr (born November 20, 1941 in Los Angeles) is an American classical double bass virtuoso and teacher; he is considered one of the best bassists of the 20th and 21st centuries.", "Q266084": "Tommaso Michele Francesco Saverio Traetta (30 March 1727 \u2013 6 April 1779) was an Italian composer.", "Q82426": "Prohibition is a 2011 American television documentary miniseries directed by Ken Burns and Lynn Novick with narration by Peter Coyote. The series originally aired on PBS between October 2, 2011 and October 4, 2011. It was funded in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities. It draws heavily from the 2010 book Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition by Daniel Okrent.\n\n", "Q443077": "Jason Arnold, known by his stage name ShyBoy, is an American vocalist, songwriter, music producer, and DJ. He was named Best Solo Artist in the 10th Annual LA Weekly Best of L.A. Readers' Choice Awards and has performed throughout North America and in Europe, sharing the stage with artists such as Flo Rida, Meiko, and Amanda Palmer. ShyBoy's music has been featured in RuPaul\u2019s Drag Race, Dynasty, America\u2019s Next Top Model, the Capcom video game Devil May Cry 4, and the trailer for Halloween. An array of writers and artists have collaborated with ShyBoy, including: Emmy Award-winning performer RuPaul; hip-hop artist SlimKid3 (The Pharcyde); Grammy-nominated singer-songwriter Wendy Waldman; Saturn Award-winning writer Bryan Fuller; DJ and record producer Darude; and Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Award-winning songwriter Allee Willis. ShyBoy and gold-selling record producer Mark Nubar co-founded the band Hypnogaja and L.A.-based indie label The Spaceman Agency.", "Q736336": "Katsuaki Watanabe (\u6e21\u8fba \u6377\u662d, Watanabe Katsuaki, born February 13, 1943) is senior advisor at Toyota Motor Corporation. He was president and CEO of the company before Akio Toyoda assumed those positions on June 23, 2009.Watanabe, who earned a degree in economics from Tokyo's Keio University, joined Toyota upon graduating from that university in 1964. \nHe has gained experience in a broad range of activities at Toyota, primarily in corporate planning and administrative affairs. Watanabe became the general manager of the secretarial division in 1988 and moved to the Corporate Planning division as general manager in 1989.\nIn his work as general manager of the Corporate Planning division, Watanabe participated in charting and articulating a common, long-term vision for Toyota operations around the world. Named to the Board of Directors in 1992, he continued to supervise work in production control, including supervising Toyota's Motomachi Plant, which makes passenger cars. In 1999, Watanabe was appointed senior managing director, after which he assumed the position of executive vice-president in 2001. In June 2005 he became president and CEO of TMC, succeeding Fujio Cho.\nWatanabe is regarded as having made the key decision to build a manufacturing plant in San Antonio, Texas U.S.A to build full-size pick-up trucks.Watanabe was born in 1942 in Mie Prefecture, Japan, and now lives in Toyota City. He was married and has three daughters. An amateur musician, he sings in a men's choir, and he also likes to play golf and tennis.\nHe was listed as one of TIME magazine's 100 most influential people of 2005 and again in 2007.", "Q312077": "Lance James Henriksen (born May 5, 1940) is an American actor, voice actor and artist. He is best known for his roles in science fiction, action and horror films, such as that of Bishop in the Alien film franchise, and Frank Black in Fox television series Millennium. He provided the voices for Kerchak the gorilla in the 1999 Walt Disney Feature Animation film Tarzan and Fleet Admiral Steven Hackett in BioWare's Mass Effect video game trilogy.", "Q216563": "Paul Albert Anka (born July 30, 1941) is a Canadian singer, songwriter and actor. Anka became famous with hit songs like \"Diana\", \"Lonely Boy\", \"Put Your Head on My Shoulder\", and \"(You're) Having My Baby\". He wrote such well-known music as the theme for The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and one of Tom Jones's biggest hits, \"She's a Lady\". He also wrote the English lyrics to Claude Fran\u00e7ois and Jacques Revaux's music for Frank Sinatra's signature song, \"My Way\", which has been recorded by many, including Elvis Presley.\nIn 1983, he co-wrote the song \"I Never Heard\" with Michael Jackson. It was retitled and released in 2009, under the title \"This Is It\". An additional song that Jackson co-wrote with Anka from the 1983 session, \"Love Never Felt So Good\", was released in 2014 on Jackson's posthumous album Xscape. The song was also released by Johnny Mathis in 1984.\nAnka became a naturalized US citizen in 1990.", "Q2572299": "Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah (Bengali: \u09a8\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09b0\u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09a4 \u09b6\u09be\u09b9) (died 1533), son of Sultan Alauddin Hussain Shah, was sultan of Bengal from 1519 until his assassination in 1533. He married Ibrahim Lodi's daughter. He continued his father's expansionist policies after succeeding him, adding more territory to his sultanate early on in his reign, but after 1526 had to contend with the Mughal ascendency in the Battle of Ghaghra, and also suffered a reverse at the hands of the Ahom kingdom.\n\n", "Q433590": "Sabrina Siani (born Sabrina Seggiani in Rome, 1963) is an Italian film actress. She also used pseudonyms such as Sabrina Sellers and Sabrina Syan. She starred in numerous films, mostly violent cannibal films and sexy barbarian \"sword-and-sandal\" movies, and most of her films were made in a three-year period between the ages of 17 and 20. Siani retired from acting in 1989, at age 26.Her brief career included working with some of the most famous Italian horror film directors of the time, including Lucio Fulci, Umberto Lenzi, Antonio Margheriti, Joe D'Amato, Jes\u00fas Franco and Alfonso Brescia.", "Q155390": "Konstantinos G. Simitis (Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2; born 23 June 1936), usually referred to as Costas Simitis or Kostas Simitis (\u039a\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2), is a Greek politician who served as Prime Minister of Greece and was leader of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) from 1996 to 2004.", "Q190972": "James Joseph Parsons (born March 24, 1973) is an American actor and producer. Parsons is known for playing Sheldon Cooper in the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory (2007\u20132019). He has received several awards for his performance, including four Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series Musical or Comedy. In 2018, Forbes estimated his annual salary to be $26.5 million and named him the world's highest-paid television actor.Parsons made his Broadway debut in 2011 portraying Tommy Boatwright in the play The Normal Heart, for which he shared a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Ensemble Performance. He reprised the role in the film adaptation of the play, and received his seventh Emmy nomination, this time in the category of Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie. In film, Parsons has voiced the lead character in Home (2015) and played supporting roles in Hidden Figures (2016) and Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile (2019).", "Q123206": "Bruno Ganz (German: [\u02c8bru\u02d0no \u02c8\u0261ant\u0361s] (listen); 22 March 1941 \u2013 16 February 2019) was a Swiss actor whose career in German television and film productions spanned nearly 60 years. He was known for his collaborations with the directors Werner Herzog, \u00c9ric Rohmer, Francis Ford Coppola, and Wim Wenders, earning widespread recognition with his roles as Jonathan Zimmerman in The American Friend (1977), Jonathan Harker in Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979) and Damiel the Angel in Wings of Desire (1987).Ganz received renewed international acclaim for his portrayal of Adolf Hitler in the Oscar-nominated film Downfall (2004). He also had roles in several English-language films, including The Boys from Brazil (1978), Strapless (1989), The Manchurian Candidate (2004). The Reader (2008), Unknown (2011) and Remember (2015). On stage, Ganz portrayed Dr. Heinrich Faust in Peter Stein's staging of Faust, Part One and Faust, Part Two in 2000.From 1996 until his death in 2019, Ganz held the Republic of Austria's Iffland-Ring, which passes from actor to actor\u2014each bequeathing the ring to the next holder, judging that actor to be the \"most significant and most worthy actor of the German-speaking theatre\". Ganz was also honored with the Order of Merit of Germany and was made a knight of the French L\u00e9gion d'honneur.", "Q22690": "Metz ( METS, French: [m\u025bs] (listen), Lorraine Franconian: [m\u025bts]) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers. Metz is the prefecture of the Moselle department and the seat of the parliament of the Grand Est region. Located near the tripoint along the junction of France, Germany, and Luxembourg, the city forms a central place of the European Greater Region and the SaarLorLux euroregion.Metz has a rich 3,000-year-history, having variously been a Celtic oppidum, an important Gallo-Roman city, the Merovingian capital of Austrasia, the birthplace of the Carolingian dynasty, a cradle of the Gregorian chant, and one of the oldest republics in Europe. The city has been steeped in Romance culture, but has been strongly influenced by Germanic culture due to its location and history.Because of its historical, cultural, and architectural background, Metz has been submitted on France's UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List. The city features noteworthy buildings such as the Gothic Saint-Stephen Cathedral with its largest expanse of stained-glass windows in the world, the Basilica of Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains being the oldest church in France, its Imperial Station Palace displaying the apartment of the German Kaiser, or its Opera House, the oldest one working in France. Metz is home to some world-class venues including the Arsenal Concert Hall and the Centre Pompidou-Metz museum.\nA basin of urban ecology, Metz gained its nickname of The Green City (French: La Ville Verte), as it has extensive open grounds and public gardens. The historic city centre is one of the largest commercial pedestrian areas in France.A historic garrison town, Metz is the economic heart of the Lorraine region, specialising in information technology and automotive industries. Metz is home to the University of Lorraine, Georgia Tech Lorraine, and a centre for applied research and development in the materials sector, notably in metallurgy and metallography, the heritage of the Lorraine region's past in the iron and steel industry.", "Q889485": "Vera Kharuzhaya (Belarusian: \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044f, Russian: \u0412\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0425\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0436\u0430\u044f, Polish: Wiera Charu\u017ca, September 27, 1903 \u2013 November 1942) was a Belarusian Communist writer, school teacher and activist from the Soviet Union deployed to Poland for sabotage and espionage operation during the interbellum. She was executed as a partisan by the Germans during World War II.", "Q976445": "Joseph Lelyveld (born April 5, 1937) was an American executive editor of the New York Times from 1994 to 2001, and interim executive editor in 2003 after the resignation of Howell Raines. He is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author, and a frequent contributor to the New York Review of Books.\nIn all, Lelyveld worked at the Times for nearly 40 years, starting out in 1962. He graduated from Harvard College in 1958, received a master's degree from the Columbia School of Journalism in 1960, and subsequently a Fulbright Scholarship. At the Times, he went from copy editor to foreign correspondent within three years.\nAmong Lelyveld's books is Move Your Shadow: South Africa, Black and White, based on his reporting from Johannesburg, South Africa, in the 1960s and 1980s. He received the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction in 1986 for Move Your Shadow.Lelyveld's book \"Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle with India\" was banned in the Indian state of Gujarat from publication for insinuating that the subject, Mahatma Gandhi, was in a homosexual relationship. This ban receiving a unanimous vote in favor of the state of Gujarat in April 2011 by Gujarat's state assembly.He was also foreign editor of the Times, and its managing editor.", "Q460876": "Leonard Alfred Schneider (October 13, 1925 \u2013 August 3, 1966), better known by his stage name Lenny Bruce, was an American stand-up comedian, social critic, and satirist. He was renowned for his open, freestyle and critical form of comedy which contained satire, politics, religion, sex and vulgarity. His 1964 conviction in an obscenity trial was followed by a posthumous pardon, the first in the history of New York state, by the Governor George Pataki in 2003.Bruce is renowned for paving the way for outspoken counterculture era comedians. His trial for obscenity is seen as a landmark for freedom of speech in the United States. In 2017, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him third (behind disciples Richard Pryor and George Carlin) on its list of the 50 best stand-up comics of all time.", "Q90022": "Blandine Ebinger (born Blandine Loeser) (4 November 1899, in Berlin \u2013 25 December 1993, in Berlin) was a German actress and chansonniere.\n\n", "Q138140": "Deniz Akdeniz (born May 16, 1990) is an Australian actor. He was nominated for the \"Award for Best Actor\" at the 2010 Inside Film Awards, for his role of \"Homer\" in the Australian box office hit Tomorrow, When the War Began. Akdeniz is also known for his role of \"Raff\" in the Disney television production As the Bell Rings, and for portraying Aladdin on Season 6 of the ABC television series Once Upon a Time.", "Q3556006": "Vernon Bigelow Stouffer, (22 August 1901 \u2013 26 July 1974) was an American entrepreneur, philanthropist & businessman. Stouffer graduated from The Wharton School in 1923. He was the founder and president of the Stouffer Hotels Co., Stouffer Frozen Foods Co and Stouffer Restaurants Co., which all operated under the umbrella of The Stouffer Corporation, established and incorporated on January 4, 1929 by Vernon and his father Abraham E. Stouffer. Vernon Stouffer was recognized as pioneering the frozen food and microwavable foods industry \nVernon Stouffer had controlling interest of the Cleveland Indians baseball franchise from 1966\u201372. In 1967 he established a soccer team Cleveland Stokers.In 1967 Litton Industries announced plans to acquire the Stouffer Foods Corporation for stock estimated at $100 million. Vernon Stouffer continued as president of the Stouffer Corporation Inc which consisted of which included Stouffer Hotel Co.; Stouffer Restaurants Corp.; & Stouffer Foods Corp.", "Q823478": "Bernd Friedmann (also Burnt Friedman) (born 1965 in Coburg, Germany) is a German musician and producer who works under a variety of project names in the fields of electronica, dub and jazz.\nFriedmann was raised in Kassel, where he studied painting, performance and video at the Kunsthochschule Kassel from 1984 to 1990. His first recordings of found and self-built instruments, done with Wolfram Der Spyra from 1978 to 1982, were released under the name TOXH in 1989. Since then his projects have included:\n\nSome More Crime (1990-1995, Friedmann and Frank Hernandez)\nDrome (1991-1995, Friedmann and Frank Hernandez)\nNonplace Urban Field (1992-1997)\nFlanger (1999- , Friedmann and Atom Heart)\nNine Horses (2005- , Friedmann and David Sylvian)Friedmann's instruments include ambient noise and speech samples, analog synthesizers and organs, as well as toy piano, steel drum, kalimba, vibraphone, and melodica. \nSince 2000 Friedmann runs his own \"nonplace\" label. He lives in Berlin.", "Q6043036": "Nikolai Andreev Stojanov (Bulgarian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432) was an academic and botanist who was among the founders of botany in Bulgaria.\nHe was for many years professor at Sofia University, the founder and first director of the Institute of Botany of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS) (succeeded in July 2010 by the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research).", "Q86898": "Gustav Ritter von Franck (born 22 March 1807, Vienna \u2013 died 8 January 1860, London) was an Austrian author and publisher.", "Q862342": "William Moseley (born November 11, 1951) is an American film actor and musician who has starred in a number of cult classic horror films, including House of 1000 Corpses, Repo! The Genetic Opera and The Devil's Rejects. His first big role was in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 as Chop Top. On the HBO TV series Carniv\u00e0le Moseley had a recurring role as camp cook Possum. He has also released records with guitarist Buckethead in the band Cornbugs, as well as featuring on the guitarist's solo work.", "Q309331": "The Ohio State University (OSU, commonly referred to as Ohio State) is a public research university in Columbus, Ohio. Founded in 1870 as a land-grant university and the ninth university in Ohio with the Morrill Act of 1862, the university was originally known as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College. The college originally focused on various agricultural and mechanical disciplines but it developed into a comprehensive university under the direction of then-Governor (later, U.S. president) Rutherford B. Hayes, and in 1878 the Ohio General Assembly passed a law changing the name to \"The Ohio State University\". The main campus in Columbus, Ohio, has since grown into the third-largest university campus in the United States. The university also operates regional campuses in Lima, Mansfield, Marion, Newark, and Wooster.\nThe university has an extensive student life program, with over 1,000 student organizations; intercollegiate, club and recreational sports programs; student media organizations and publications, fraternities and sororities; and three student governments. Ohio State athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Ohio State Buckeyes. As of the 2016 Summer Olympics, athletes from Ohio State have won 104 Olympic medals (46 gold, 35 silver, and 23 bronze). The university is a member of the Big Ten Conference for the majority of sports.", "Q96453": "Theodor M\u00fcgge (8 November 1802--18 February 1861) was a German author.\n\n", "Q341349": "\u010ceslovas Jur\u0161\u0117nas (born 18 May 1938) is a Lithuanian politician and a former Speaker of the Seimas, the Lithuanian parliament.\nIn 1955, he graduated from Ignalina secondary school (now Ignalina \u010ceslovas Kudaba Progymnasium) with a gold medal and entered Vilnius State University of Vincas Kapsukas, graduating in 1960.During 1960\u20131964 Jur\u0161\u0117nas was an employee of a newspaper Tiesa.\nHe was a signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania on 11 March 1990.Jur\u0161\u0117nas has published several books about politics and the world.", "Q55418": "Margarethe von Trotta (born 21 February 1942) is a German film director who has been referred to as a \"leading force\" of the New German Cinema movement. Von Trotta's extensive body of work has won awards internationally. She was married to and collaborated with director Volker Schl\u00f6ndorff. Although they made a successful team, von Trotta felt she was seen as secondary to Schl\u00f6ndorff. Subsequently, she established a solo career for herself and became \"Germany\u2019s foremost female film director, who has offered the most sustained and successful female variant of Autorenkino in postwar German film history\". Certain aspects of von Trotta's work have been compared to Ingmar Bergman's features from the 1960s and 1970s.Von Trotta has been called \"the world\u2019s leading feminist filmmaker.\" The predominant aim of her films is to create new representations of women. Her films are concerned with relationships between and among women (sisters, best friends, etc.), as well as with relationships between women and men, and involve political setting. Nevertheless, she rejects the suggestion that she makes \"women\u2019s films\".", "Q9240": "Indonesian (bahasa Indonesia [ba\u02c8ha.sa in.do\u02c8ne.sja]) is the official language of Indonesia. It is a standardised variety of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world. Of its large population, the majority speak Indonesian, making it one of the most widely spoken languages in the world.Most Indonesians, aside from speaking the national language, are fluent in at least one of the more than 700 indigenous local languages; examples include Javanese, Sundanese and Balinese, which are commonly used at home and within the local community. However, most formal education, and nearly all national mass media, governance, administration, judiciary, and other forms of communication, are conducted in Indonesian.The term \"Indonesian\" is primarily associated with the national standard dialect (bahasa baku). However, in a more loose sense, it also encompasses the various local varieties spoken throughout the Indonesian archipelago. Standard Indonesian is confined mostly to formal situations, existing in a diglossic relationship with vernacular Malay varieties, which are commonly used for daily communication.The Indonesian name for the language (bahasa Indonesia) is also occasionally found in English and other languages.", "Q89573": "Renate Ewert (9 November 1933 in K\u00f6nigsberg, East Prussia, Germany - now Kaliningrad, Russia \u2013 4 December 1966, Munich, West Germany) was a German actress.", "Q167444": "John Garang de Mabior (23 June 1945 \u2013 30 July 2005) was a Sudanese politician and revolutionary leader. From 1983 to 2005, he led the Sudan People's Liberation Army during the Second Sudanese Civil War, and following a peace agreement he briefly served as First Vice President of Sudan for 3 weeks until his death in a helicopter crash on 30 July 2005. A developmental economist by profession, Garang was a major influence on the movement that led to the foundation of South Sudan.", "Q242132": "Chieko Ochi (\u8d8a\u667a \u5343\u6075\u5b50, Ochi Chieko), born Chieko Kawabe (\u6cb3\u8fba\u5343\u6075\u5b50) February 24, 1987 in Tokyo, is a Japanese singer, model and actress. She played Sailor Mercury in the Sailor Moon musicals and was Naru Osaka in the live-action Sailor Moon series. Several of her songs have been used in anime series and other television shows, from a localization of Lizzie McGuire to Ouran High School Host Club. She was born to a Japanese father and Spanish Filipino mother.", "Q14444": "The Walensee, also known as Lake Walen or Lake Walenstadt from Walenstadt, is one of the larger lakes in Switzerland, with about two thirds of its area in the Canton of St. Gallen and about one third in the Canton of Glarus. Other towns and villages at the lake include Weesen, Quinten, Quarten, and Murg.\nThe three main rivers leading to the lake are the Seez, Murgbach, and Linth. The last continues its course from Walensee to Lake Zurich. The Schnittlauchinsel, at the eastern end of the lake, is the only island in the Walensee.\nThe Churfirsten range raises steeply on the north side from the lake's level at 419 m to 2,306 m above sea level. On the south, the lake is overlooked by the M\u00fcrtschenstock Massif, whose peak is 2,441 m above sea lavel. The highest point of the lake's drainage basin is the T\u00f6di (3,614 m).The lake provided the inspiration for a solo piano piece by Hungarian Romantic composer Franz Liszt, Au lac de Wallenstadt. The piece is part of a collection of solo piano works inspired by his travels to Switzerland in the 1830s.", "Q255328": "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert is a 1994 Australian comedy-drama film written and directed by Stephan Elliott. The plot follows two drag queens played by Hugo Weaving and Guy Pearce and a transgender woman, played by Terence Stamp, as they journey across the Australian Outback from Sydney to Alice Springs in a tour bus that they have named \"Priscilla\", along the way encountering various groups and individuals. The film's title references the slang term \"queen\" for a drag queen or female impersonator.\nThe film was a surprise worldwide hit and its positive portrayal of LGBT individuals helped to introduce LGBT themes to a mainstream audience. It received predominantly positive reviews and won an Academy Award for Best Costume Design at the 67th Academy Awards. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section of the 1994 Cannes Film Festival and became a cult classic both in Australia and abroad. Priscilla subsequently provided the basis for a musical, Priscilla, Queen of the Desert, which opened in 2006 in Sydney before travelling to New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Broadway.\n\n", "Q392677": "Agent Cody Banks is a 2003 American spy comedy film directed by Harald Zwart. It follows the adventures of the 15-year-old title character, played by Frankie Muniz, who has to finish his chores, avoid getting grounded, and save the world by going undercover for the CIA as a James Bond type superspy. Hilary Duff, Angie Harmon, Keith David, Cynthia Stevenson, Daniel Roebuck, Darrell Hammond, Ian McShane, and Arnold Vosloo co-star. The film was filmed in British Columbia and was released in the United States on March 14, 2003.\nThis film was the first major motion picture project for Duff apart from the film spinoff of her Lizzie McGuire TV series, as well as for Harmon, who had just come off a three-year stint as Assistant D.A. Abbie Carmichael on NBC's Law & Order. A sequel was released the following year. The film's executive producers include Madonna (whose then-production company Maverick Films acquired the script) and Jason Alexander (he was originally attached to direct before being replaced by Vic Armstrong, who was ultimately replaced by Zwart).", "Q376283": "Mad Season was an American rock supergroup formed in 1994 as a side project of members of other bands in the Seattle grunge scene. The band's principal members included guitarist Mike McCready of Pearl Jam, lead singer Layne Staley of Alice in Chains, drummer Barrett Martin of Screaming Trees and bassist John Baker Saunders. Mad Season released only one album, Above, in March 1995. Its first single, \"River of Deceit\", was a radio success, and Above was certified a gold album by the RIAA in June.\nThe band went on a semi-permanent hiatus in 1996 due to the band members' conflicting schedules and Staley's problems with substance abuse. Attempts were made in the late 1990s to revive the group without Staley, and material for a follow-up release to Above had been worked on; however, the band dissolved following the death of bassist John Baker Saunders in 1999 from a drug overdose. Staley also died of a drug overdose three years later. Martin and McCready have since made two short partial reunions, one in 2012 and one from 2014 to 2015. A special edition box set containing a remastered edition of Above and various unreleased material was released in March 2013.", "Q15982": "Wernigerode (German pronunciation: [\u02ccv\u025b\u0250\u032fn\u026a\u0261\u0259\u02c8\u0281o\u02d0d\u0259]) is a town in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Until 2007, it was the capital of the district of Wernigerode. Its population was 35,041 in 2012.\nWernigerode is located southwest of Halberstadt, and is picturesquely situated on the Holtemme river, on the north slopes of the Harz Mountains. Wernigerode is located on the German Timber-Frame Road.", "Q310106": "Janko Prunk (pronunciation ) (born 30 December 1942) is a Slovenian historian of modern history. He has published articles and monographs on analytical politology, modern history, the genesis of modern political formations, and the history of social and political philosophy in Slovenia. He has also written on the history of political movements in Europe from the end of the 18th century until today, especially about Slovene Christian socialism and the history of Slovenian national questions.\n\n", "Q177131": "Mario Dewar Barrett (born August 27, 1986), known mononymously as Mario, is an American singer, songwriter, actor, dancer, and model. He is known for his singles \"Just a Friend\" (2002) and \"Let Me Love You\" (2004), which won him two Billboard Music Awards. He has released four studio albums: Mario (2002), Turning Point (2004), Go (2007), and DNA (2009). At the end of the 2000s decade, Mario was ranked No. 98 by Billboard on their \"Artist of the Decade\" list. After a nearly 10-year hiatus, Dancing Shadows was released as his fifth album on October 5, 2018.Aside from his career in music, he appeared in several television shows and films such as Step Up (2006), Freedom Writers (2007) and Empire (2018). In 2019, Mario starred in the live television production of the musical Rent.", "Q151848": "Where the Truth Lies is a 2005 British-Canadian erotic thriller film written and directed by Atom Egoyan and starring Kevin Bacon, Colin Firth, and Alison Lohman. It is based on Rupert Holmes' 2003 novel of the same name.\nThe film alternates between 1957, when comedy duo Lanny Morris (Bacon) and Vince Collins (Firth) are at the height of their success, and 1972, when journalist Karen O'Connor (Lohman) is determined to unravel the mystery of a young woman found dead in their hotel suite 15 years before.", "Q961887": "Lev Alexandrovich Tikhomirov (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432; 1852, Gelendzhik \u2013 1923, Sergiyev Posad), originally a Russian revolutionary and one of the members of the Executive Committee of the Narodnaya Volya, following his disenchantment with violent revolution became one of the leading conservative thinkers in Russia. He authored several books on monarchism, Orthodoxy, and Russian political philosophy.", "Q1189954": "Mines ParisTech (officially \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des mines de Paris in French or Paris School of Mines in English, also known as \u00c9cole des mines de Paris, ENSMP, Mines Paris or simply les Mines), created in 1783 by King Louis XVI, is a French engineer school and a constituent college of Universit\u00e9 PSL.\nMines ParisTech is distinguished for the outstanding performance of its research centers and the quality of its international partnerships with other prestigious universities in the world, which include Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, University of Hong Kong, National University of Singapore (NUS), Novosibirsk State University, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and Tokyo Tech.\nThe \u00c9cole des Mines de Paris also publishes a world university ranking based on the number of alumni holding the post of CEO in one of the 500 largest companies in the world: the Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities. The school is a member of the ParisTech (Paris Institute of Technology) alliance.", "Q626131": "Cosmic Quantum Ray was a German-French animated CGI animated television series. The series premiered in the U.S. in November 5, 2007 on Animania HD, then in 2009 in Germany on KiKa and then later on October 10, 2010, on The Hub (later in 2014 became Discovery Family). It also aired on Science Channel as part of a sneak peek of the latter. As of 2019, the series is now being broadcast on Qubo. After 2019, the cartoon was forgotten. It was produced by Moonscoop, Mike Young Productions, Method Films, and Telegael Torenta.", "Q722425": "Harald Trap Friis (22 February 1893 \u2013 15 June 1976), who published as H. T. Friis, was a Danish-American radio engineer whose work at Bell Laboratories included pioneering contributions to radio propagation, radio astronomy, and radar. His two Friis formulas remain widely used.\n\n", "Q80557": "Illustrious Corpses (Italian: Cadaveri eccellenti) is a 1976 Italian thriller film directed by Francesco Rosi and starring Lino Ventura, based on the novel Equal Danger by Leonardo Sciascia (1971). The film was screened at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival, but was not entered into the main competition.Its title refers to the surrealist game, Cadavre Exquis, invented by Andr\u00e9 Breton, in which the participants draw consecutive sections of a figure without seeing what the previous person has drawn, leading to unpredictable results, and is meant to describe the meandering nature of the film with its unpredictable foray into the world of political manipulations, as well as the (\"illustrous\") corpses of the murdered judges.\nIn 2008, the film was selected to enter the list of the 100 Italian films to be saved.", "Q87238": "Dr. Ludwig Draxler (1896\u20131972) was an Austrian attorney and politician.Draxler was a decorated veteran of World War I and served as Austrian Secretary of Finance from 1935 to 1936. In 1938, the Nazi Party arrested him for criticising Germany's annexation of Austria and imprisoned him in the Dachau concentration camp.\nAfter the end of World War II, he re-established his law practice in Vienna. Prominent clients included, among others, Otto von Habsburg, the eldest son of Karl of Austria, the last Emperor of Austria and last King of Hungary. Draxler had an instrumental role in the \"Causa Habsburg\" which led to the return of Otto von Habsburg to Austria as private citizen in 1966 after 48 years in exile. Corporate clients included Universal Pictures.", "Q4638918": "St Paul's Girls' School is an independent day school for girls, located in Brook Green, Hammersmith, in West London, England.", "Q451315": "Janis Darlene Martin (March 27, 1940 \u2013 September 3, 2007) was an American rockabilly and country music singer. She was one of the few women working in the male-dominated rock and roll music field during the 1950s and one of country music's early female innovators. Martin was nicknamed the Female Elvis for her dance moves on stage, similar to those of Elvis Presley.", "Q90744": "Rainer Zitelmann (born 14 June 1957 in Frankfurt) is a German historian, author, management consultant and real estate expert.", "Q44273": "James Finley Ransone III (born June 2, 1979) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Ziggy Sobotka in the second season of HBO's crime drama series The Wire, United States Marine Corps Cpl. Josh Ray Person in the war drama miniseries Generation Kill, The Deputy in the supernatural horror films Sinister (2012) and Sinister 2 (2015), and the adult Eddie Kaspbrak in It Chapter Two.", "Q68799": "Bedano is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q283008": "Tarzan's Peril is a 1951 film directed by Byron Haskin and starring Lex Barker as Tarzan and Virginia Huston as Jane, and featuring Dorothy Dandridge as \"Melmendi, Queen of the Ashuba.\" Some of it was shot in Kenya, making it the first Tarzan film to be filmed in Africa, though the majority of its location shooting was done in the United States. Critics praised the convincing integration of the African and American footage. The film is frequently shown under the alternate titles Jungle Queen and Tarzan and the Jungle Queen.", "Q84731": "Anton Rintelen (15 November 1876 in Graz, Austria \u2013 28 January 1946) was an Austrian academic, jurist and politician. Initially associated with the right wing Christian Social Party, he later became involved in a National Socialist coup d'\u00e9tat plot.", "Q57569": "Prince Albert William Henry of Prussia (German: Albert Wilhelm Heinrich; 14 August 1862 \u2013 20 April 1929) was a younger brother of German Emperor William II and a Prince of Prussia. He was also a grandson of Queen Victoria. A career naval officer, he held various commands in the Imperial German Navy, eventually rose to the rank of Grand Admiral and Generalinspekteur der Marine.\n\n", "Q250250": "Alfred Lewis Enoch (born 2 December 1988) is an English actor, best known for playing Dean Thomas in the Harry Potter film series and Wes Gibbins in the ABC legal drama television series How to Get Away with Murder.", "Q216205": "Fred Wander (5 January 1917 \u2013 10 July 2006) was an Austrian writer and Holocaust survivor.\nWander was born Fritz Rosenblatt in Vienna, he left school at 14 and worked as an apprentice in a textile mill, before travelling around Europe taking whatever jobs were going. He spent quite some time in pre-war Paris and this is where he first started to write. In 1938 after the German annexation of Austria, Wander escaped back to Paris via Switzerland. After France declared war on Germany in 1939 he was interned and eventually sent back to Austria, where he ended up in Auschwitz concentration camp, later being sent to Buchenwald concentration camp. Wander survived the camps and after World War II he lived in East Germany (GDR) from 1958 \u2013 1983. It was while a resident in the GDR that in 1971 The Seventh Well (ISBN 0-7178-0466-6) was published, it was an account of his experiences in the concentration camps. The book won much critical acclaim following a later re-release, including the 2009 JQ Wingate Prize.\nIn 1983, Wander left the GDR and moved back to his native Vienna. He continued to write up until his death.", "Q94522": "Johannes Lid (11 January 1886 \u2013 29 September 1971) was a Norwegian botanist. He was born in Voss, and he married to the illustrator Dagny Tande Lid in 1936. He is particularly known for his works on Scandinavian flora, and for his widely used handbook to plants Norsk flora, with illustrations by his wife Dagny Tande Lid. He co-founded and chaired the Norwegian Botanical Association from 1935 to 1942. From 1948 onward he served as a curator at the Botanical Museum in Oslo. After his retirement in 1956, he carried out in-depth studies of the flora of the Canary Islands. He became a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 1945 and received the King's Medal of Merit in gold in 1956.", "Q1371925": "An announcer is a person who makes \"announcements\" in an audio medium or a physical location.", "Q174438": "Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright (born Marie Jana Korbelov\u00e1; May 15, 1937) is an American politician and diplomat. She is the first female United States Secretary of State in U.S. history, having served from 1997 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton.Along with her family, Albright immigrated to the United States in 1948 from Czechoslovakia. Her father, diplomat Josef Korbel, settled the family in Denver, Colorado, and she became a U.S. citizen in 1957. Albright graduated from Wellesley College in 1959 and earned a PhD from Columbia University in 1975, writing her thesis on the Prague Spring. She worked as an aide to Senator Edmund Muskie before taking a position under Zbigniew Brzezinski on the National Security Council. She served in that position until 1981, when President Jimmy Carter left office.After leaving the National Security Council, Albright joined the academic faculty of Georgetown University and advised Democratic candidates regarding foreign policy. After Clinton's victory in the 1992 presidential election, Albright helped assemble his National Security Council. In 1993, Clinton appointed her to the position of U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. She held that position until 1997, when she succeeded Warren Christopher as Secretary of State. Albright served in that capacity until Clinton left office in 2001.\nAlbright has served as chair of the Albright Stonebridge Group since 2009. She is the Michael and Virginia Mortara Endowed Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service. In May 2012, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U.S. President Barack Obama. Secretary Albright also serves on the board of the Council on Foreign Relations.", "Q218228": "Zoe McLellan (born November 6, 1974) is an American television actress, known for her roles as Petty Officer Jennifer Coates in the procedural series JAG, as Lisa George in the comedy-drama soap Dirty Sexy Money, as Meredith Brody in the series NCIS: New Orleans (2014\u20132016) and as Kendra Daynes in season two (2017\u20132018) of the political drama Designated Survivor.", "Q103868": "Leonhard Haskel (7 April 1872 \u2013 30 December 1923) was a German stage and film actor and drama teacher.\nHaskel was born in Seelow, in the Prussian Province of Brandenburg, and died in Berlin.", "Q92153": "Duke Siegfried in Bavaria, full German name: Siegfried August Maximilian Maria, Herzog in Bayern \n(10 July 1876, Bamberg, Kingdom of Bavaria \u2013 12 March 1952, Munich, Republik of Bavaria) was a Duke in Bavaria and member of the House of Wittelsbach. Siegfried August was the first of three sons of Duke Maximilian Emanuel in Bavaria and his wife Princess Amalie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Siegfried August was the brother of Christoph Joseph Clemens Maria, Duke in Bavaria and Luitpold Emanuel Ludwig Maria, Duke in Bavaria.", "Q69487": "Ins (French: Anet) is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q51118": "AKB48 (pronounced A.K.B. Forty-Eight) are a Japanese idol group named after the Akihabara (Akiba for short) area in Tokyo, where the group's theater is located. AKB48's producer, Yasushi Akimoto, wanted to form a girl group with its own theater (unlike pop groups performing occasional concerts and seen on television) and performing daily so fans could always see them live. This \"idols you can meet\" concept includes teams which can rotate performances and perform simultaneously at several events and \"handshake\" events, where fans can meet group members. Akimoto has expanded the AKB48 concept to several sister groups in China, Japan, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan, the Philippines, Vietnam and India.\nAKB48 have been characterized as a social phenomenon, and are one of the highest-earning musical performers in Japan. For example, their 2012 sales from record and DVD/Blu-ray releases reached $226 million, earning the group the top spot in the 2012 artist ranking. As of April 2019, the group has sold over 60 million records, including over 6 million albums. AKB48's thirty-five latest singles have topped the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart, with thirty singles selling over a million copies each, making the group the highest selling musical act in Japan in terms of singles sold. Their highest selling single, \"Teacher Teacher\", sold over 3 million in 2018 according to Billboard / Soundscan. Between 2010 and 2019, AKB48's singles have occupied at least the top two spots of the Oricon Yearly Singles Chart.", "Q49757": "A poet is a person who creates poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be a writer of poetry, or may perform their art to an audience.\n\nThe work of a poet is essentially one of communication, either expressing ideas in a literal sense, such as writing about a specific event or place, or metaphorically. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary greatly in different cultures and periods. Throughout each civilization and language, poets have used various styles that have changed through the course of literary history, resulting in a history of poets as diverse as the literature they have produced.", "Q93259": "The Lesser Antilles (Spanish: Peque\u00f1as Antillas; French: Petites Antilles; Papiamento: Antias Menor; Dutch: Kleine Antillen) is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. Most form a long, partly volcanic island arc between the Greater Antilles to the north-west and the continent of South America. The islands form the eastern boundary of the Caribbean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean. Together, the Lesser Antilles and the Greater Antilles compose the Antilles (or the Caribbean in its narrowest definition). When combined with the Lucayan Archipelago, all three are known as the West Indies.", "Q333913": "Joseph Martin (September 24, 1852 \u2013 March 2, 1923) was a lawyer and politician in Manitoba, British Columbia and the United Kingdom often referred to as \"Fighting Joe\".", "Q729564": "Edgard Leuenroth (October 31, 1881, Mogi Mirim \u2013 September 28, 1968, S\u00e3o Paulo) was a Brazilian journalist, publisher and writer, who became famous for his documentation of the country's earliest social movements, particularly the communist, socialist and anarchist worker's and intellectual's activities and movements.\nLeuenroth was born in the city of Mogi Mirim, in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, to immigrants from Germany. He moved with his then widowed mother to the city of S\u00e3o Paulo while still a child of five years of age.\nAs he entered the professional world, Edgard Leuenroth got interested in socialism and in the claims of the common worker, attending the meetings of the Circuito Socialista from around 1900. Once introduced to the anarchist movement, he remained a loyal member until his death.\nHe was one of the organizers of the General Strike of 1917, the culmination of a series of partial strikes, lockouts and labour conflicts in the city of S\u00e3o Paulo that then spread to other major cities such as Rio de Janeiro. He was arrested shortly afterwards, under the accusation of having led a raid on a grain mill. \nEdgard Leuenroth published many newspapers, such as O Boi (\"The Ox\"), O Trabalhador Gr\u00e1fico (\"The Graphical\nWorker\"), A Lucta Prolet\u00e1ria (\"The Proletarian Fight\"), A\u00e7\u00e3o Direta (\"Direct Action\"), Spartacus, A Plebe (\"The Mob\"), O Combate (\"The Combat\"), A Voz do Povo (The People's Voice\"). A Plebe had a very strong impact on the working class of the states of S\u00e3o Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.\nAfter his death, Leuenroth's family donated his extensive collections of media (newspaper scraps, articles, photographs, etc.) to the State University of Campinas, which organized the Arquivo Edgard Leuenroth, one of the most important historical sources of the 20th century social movements in Brazil.", "Q312705": "John Cho (born Cho Yo Han; June 16, 1972) is an American actor known for his roles as Harold Lee in the Harold & Kumar films and Hikaru Sulu in the Star Trek reboot film series.Early in his career, Cho also starred in the Asian American-centered films Better Luck Tomorrow (2002), Shopping for Fangs (1997), and Yellow (1998). He received critical acclaim for his performance in the hit indie film Columbus. In 2018, he starred in the thriller film Searching, making him the first Asian-American actor in history to headline a mainstream thriller film in Hollywood. He also made history in American television as the first Asian American actor cast as a romantic lead when he starred as Henry Higgs in the 2014 sitcom Selfie. In addition to his role in Selfie, Cho has had lead roles in series such as FlashForward and Off Centre, along with recurring roles in Sleepy Hollow and Difficult People.", "Q11486702": "An architectural historian is a person who studies and writes about the history of architecture, and is regarded as an authority on it.", "Q132479": "Jorge Eli\u00e9cer Gait\u00e1n Ayala (January 23, 1903 \u2013 April 9, 1948) was a politician, a leader of a socialist movement in Colombia, a former Education Minister (1940) and Labor Minister (1943\u20131944), mayor of Bogot\u00e1 (1936) and one of the most charismatic leaders of the Liberal Party. He was assassinated during his second presidential campaign in 1948, setting off the Bogotazo\u200a and leading to a violent period of political unrest in Colombian history known as La Violencia (approx. 1948 to 1958).", "Q145829": "Samuel Bunch (December 4, 1786 \u2013 September 5, 1849) was an American politician who represented Tennessee's 2nd district in the United States House of Representatives from 1833 to 1837.", "Q2467": "Nassau () is the capital and largest city of The Bahamas. With a population of 274,400 as of 2016, or just over 70% of the entire population of the Bahamas (\u2248391,000), Nassau is commonly defined as a primate city, dwarfing all other towns in the country. It is the centre of commerce, education, law, administration and media of the country.\nLynden Pindling International Airport, the major airport for the Bahamas, is located about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of Nassau city centre, and has daily flights to major cities in Canada, the Caribbean, the United Kingdom and the United States. The city is located on the island of New Providence, which functions much like a business district.\nNassau is the site of the House of Assembly and various judicial departments and was considered historically to be a stronghold of pirates. The city was named in honour of William III of England, Prince of Orange-Nassau.\nNassau's modern growth began in the late eighteenth century, with the influx of thousands of Loyalists and their slaves to the Bahamas following the American War of Independence. Many of them settled in Nassau (then and still the commerce capital of the Bahamas) and eventually came to outnumber the original inhabitants.\nAs the population of Nassau grew, so did its populated areas. Today the city dominates the entire island and its satellite, Paradise Island. However, until the post-Second World War era, the outer suburbs scarcely existed. Most of New Providence was uncultivated bush until Loyalists were resettled there following the American Revolutionary War; they established several plantations, such as Clifton and Tusculum. Slaves were imported as labour.\nAfter the British abolished the international slave trade in 1807, they resettled thousands of Africans liberated from slave ships by the Royal Navy on New Providence (at Adelaide Village and Gambier Village), along with other islands such as Grand Bahama, Exuma, Abaco and Inagua. In addition, slaves freed from American ships, such as the Creole case in 1841, were allowed to settle there. The largest concentration of Africans historically lived in the \"Over-the-Hill\" suburbs of Grants Town and Bain Town to the south of the city of Nassau, while most of the inhabitants of European descent lived on the island's northern coastal ridges.", "Q188697": "Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine, Knight of Pratz (French: [alf\u0254\u0303s ma\u0281i lwi d\u0259p\u0281a d\u0259 lama\u0281tin]; 21 October 1790 \u2013 28 February 1869) was a French writer, poet and politician who was instrumental in the foundation of the Second Republic and the continuation of the Tricolore as the flag of France.", "Q282302": "The Malinovsky Military Armored Forces Academy (\u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0430 \u0420. \u042f. \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e) was one of the foremost Soviet military academies. It was based in the Lefortovo district of Moscow, in a former royal palace.\nThe institution was established in 1932 as the \"J.V. Stalin Academy of the WPRA Mechanization and Motorization Program\". It was renamed after Marshal Rodion Malinovsky in 1967. Its mission was to train Soviet and Warsaw Pact commanders, staff officers, and engineers for armored and mechanized units. The best-qualified graduates were selected for the \"centralized operations division\" of the General Staff. Students entered as captains and majors, some as lieutenant colonels. Commanding and staff officers underwent a three year program while engineers were taught for 4 years. Notable alumni included Vasily Chuikov, Sergey Akhromeyev, Vladimir Tolubko, Boris Vasiliev, Aleksandr Blagonravov, and Anatoly Kvashnin.\nIn 1998 the Malinovsky Academy merged with the Frunze Military Academy to become the \"Combined Arms Academy\".", "Q366084": "Adoni Maropis (born July 20, 1963) is a Greek-American actor.\nMaropis was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the middle of three sons. He is best known for playing Quan Chi in Mortal Kombat: Conquest. He also played General Hassan in Command & Conquer: Tiberian Sun as well as Sakr in Hidalgo. He appeared in a recurring role as terrorist leader Abu Fayed in season six of 24 and as an assassin in the season three premier of the television series Chuck.\nMaropis is also a table tennis player, preferring the \"orthodox styles\" of hardbat and sandpaper table tennis. As of July 2012 he holds titles as world and US champion for sandpaper table tennis and also won the hardbat class of the US championship in 2011. Maropis is currently working on a feature film project entitled \"The Last Palikari\" written by himself and his father, Petro Maropis. A short version of the project was completed in 2012 with Vertex Media in Los Angeles, CA.", "Q168005": "Philip Doddridge (May 17, 1773 \u2013 November 19, 1832) was a lawyer and sectional leader of western (now West) Virginia. He served in the United States House of Representatives representing the \"Wheeling District\" in the Upper Ohio River Valley.", "Q14450": "Paulo Costanzo (born September 21, 1978) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for playing the roles of Rubin Carver in the comedy film Road Trip (2000), Michael Tribbiani in the NBC sitcom Joey which ran from 2004 to 2006, Evan R. Lawson in the USA Network series Royal Pains and Lyor Boone in the ABC political drama Designated Survivor.", "Q242640": "Margaret Lucas Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1623 \u2013 15 December 1673) was an English aristocrat, philosopher, poet, scientist, fiction-writer, and playwright during the 17th century. Born Margaret Lucas, she was the youngest sister of prominent royalists Sir John Lucas and Sir Charles Lucas, who owned the manor of St. John's Abbey in Colchester. She became an attendant of Queen Henrietta Maria and travelled with her into exile in France, living for a time at the court of the young King Louis XIV. She became the second wife of William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1645, when he was a marquess.Cavendish was a poet, philosopher, writer of prose romances, essayist, and playwright who published under her own name at a time when most women writers published anonymously. Her writing addressed a number of topics, including gender, power, manners, scientific method, and philosophy. Her utopian romance, The Blazing World, is one of the earliest examples of science fiction. She is singular in having published extensively in natural philosophy and early modern science. She published over a dozen original works; inclusion of her revised works brings her total number of publications to twenty-one.Cavendish has been championed and criticized as a unique and groundbreaking woman writer. She rejected the Aristotelianism and mechanical philosophy of the seventeenth century, preferring a vitalist model instead. She was the first woman to attend a meeting at the Royal Society of London, in 1667, and she criticized and engaged with members and philosophers Thomas Hobbes, Ren\u00e9 Descartes, and Robert Boyle. She has been claimed as an advocate for animals and as an early opponent of animal testing.", "Q45179": "Pierre Jaccoud (November 24, 1905 \u2013 July 4, 1996) was a Swiss lawyer and Radical Party politician in Geneva. He was convicted of the murder of Charles Zumbach in a trial that remains controversial to this day.\nJaccoud had \"been Aly Khan's attorney during his divorce from Rita Hayworth, and he represented innumerable Swiss and foreign companies in Geneva's tightly controlled banking community.\"Jaccoud was accused of having murdered Charles Zumbach on 1 May 1958, in Plan-les-Ouates, near Geneva. After a business trip to Sweden and on \"his return to Geneva in June 1958, Jaccoud was arrested.\" Jaccoud's court case is also known as L'Affaire Poupette.After a trial, he was convicted of the murder and sentenced to seven years in prison.", "Q1622152": "The University of the Arts Bern (Hochschule der K\u00fcnste Bern in German) is an art school with locations in Bern and Biel/Bienne. It was created in 2003 from the merger of the University of Music and Theatre and the School of Design, Art and Conservation. The educational institution is one of eight departments of the Bern University of Applied Sciences . Students and lecturers of the HKB come from over 30 countries. The HKB works in research and as an organizer according to information closely with Swiss and international partners from culture, society and economy together, enabling even large-scale projects such as the Biennale Bern. It also contributes to cultural life in Berne.", "Q468580": "Henryk S\u0142awik (16 July 1894 \u2013 23 August 1944) was a Polish politician in the interwar period, social worker, activist, and diplomat, who during World War II helped save over 30,000 Polish refugees, including 5,000 Polish Jews in Budapest, Hungary by giving them false Polish passports with Catholic designation. He was executed with some of his fellow Polish activists on order of Reichsf\u00fchrer SS in concentration camp Gusen on 23 August 1944.", "Q939420": "Jinzhou (simplified Chinese: \u664b\u5dde; traditional Chinese: \u6649\u5dde; pinyin: J\u00ecnzh\u014du; literally: 'Jin Prefecture') is a county-level city of Hebei Province, North China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Shijiazhuang. Until November 1991, it was known as Jin County (simplified Chinese: \u664b\u53bf; traditional Chinese: \u6649\u7e23; pinyin: J\u00ecn Xi\u00e0n).\nJinzhou is located in central Hebei province, 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Shijiazhuang. It covers an area of 619 square kilometers, and as of 2010, has a population of about 537,700. It consists of nine towns and one township, as well as 224 villages.\nJinzhou has a recorded history of at least 2500 years. It was the hometown of Wei Zheng (\u9b4f\u5f81), a well-known and well-respected historical figure of Tang dynasty. It is also, according to the Chinese government, the \"duck pear town\" (\u9e2d\u68a8\u4e4b\u4e61).", "Q289257": "Karen Parfitt Hughes (born December 27, 1956) is the global vice chair of the public relations firm Burson-Marsteller. She served as the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs in the U.S. Department of State and as a counsellor to President George W. Bush.\n\n", "Q469846": "Dith Pran (Khmer: \u178c\u17b7\u178f \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1793; 27 September 1942 \u2013 30 March 2008) was a Cambodian photojournalist. He was a refugee and survivor of the Cambodian genocide and the subject of the film The Killing Fields (1984).", "Q553264": "Max Weinberg (born April 13, 1951) is an American drummer and television personality, most widely known as the longtime drummer for Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band and as the bandleader for Conan O'Brien on Late Night with Conan O'Brien and The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien. He is the father of Slipknot drummer Jay Weinberg.\nWeinberg grew up in suburban New Jersey and began drumming at an early age. He attended college planning to be a lawyer but got his big break in music in 1974 when he won an audition to become the drummer for Springsteen. Weinberg became a mainstay of Springsteen's long concert performances. Springsteen dissolved the band in 1989, and Weinberg spent several years considering a law career and trying the business end of the music industry before deciding he wanted to continue with drumming.\nIn 1993, Weinberg got the role as bandleader of The Max Weinberg 7 for Late Night with Conan O'Brien. Weinberg's drums-driven jump blues sound and his role as a comic foil prospered along with the show, giving him a second career. In 1999, Springsteen re-formed the E Street Band for a series of tours and albums; Weinberg worked out an arrangement that allowed him to play with both O'Brien and Springsteen. In 2009, Weinberg moved to the short-lived Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien as leader of Max Weinberg and The Tonight Show Band. After that ended, he began touring with his own ensembles, and in 2010 chose not to follow O'Brien to the new Conan show. Weinberg continued playing with Springsteen, and in 2014 was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band.", "Q202264": "Murders in the Rue Morgue is a 1932 American pre-Code horror film, based on Edgar Allan Poe's short story \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\". Bela Lugosi, one year after his performance as Dracula, portrays a lunatic scientist who abducts women and injects them with blood from his ill-tempered caged ape.\nThis film was produced as a compensatory package for Lugosi and Florey after both were dropped from 1931's Frankenstein. Initially booked with a lower budget, the film's budget increased after the success Universal had with Frankenstein which led to additional scenes shot and re-shoots to be done in December 1931. On the films release it was not a huge financial success and received negative reviews from critics who commented variously on the acting and narrative.", "Q629216": "Murry Gage Wilson (July 2, 1917 \u2013 June 4, 1973) was an American musician, record producer, and businessman who acted as the first manager of the Beach Boys, a rock band formed by his sons Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, his nephew Mike Love, and their friend Al Jardine. For most of the 1960s, Murry also worked as a music publisher for the band.\nAfter the Beach Boys dismissed Murry as their manager in 1964, he produced the sound-alike group the Sunrays, and recorded a single solo album: The Many Moods of Murry Wilson (1967). In 1969, Wilson sold off their publishing company Sea of Tunes for $700,000 (equivalent to $4.88 million in 2019), then considered an undervalued sum. In 1973, he died aged 55 of a heart attack.", "Q128421": "Irja Agnes Browallius (1901\u20131968) was a Swedish teacher, novelist and short story writer. She was awarded the Dobloug Prize in 1962.", "Q1143091": "Robbinson Lantz Crosby (August 4, 1959 \u2013 June 6, 2002) was an American guitarist who was a member of glam metal band Ratt, earning several platinum albums in the US in the 1980s. Crosby died in 2002 from a heroin overdose and pneumonia with complications from AIDS.", "Q523783": "Donald Louis Carcieri ( k\u0259r-CHEER-ee; Italian: [kar\u02c8t\u0283\u025b\u02d0ri]; born December 16, 1942) is an American politician and corporate executive who served as the 73rd Governor of Rhode Island from January 2003 to January 2011. Carcieri has worked as a manufacturing company executive, aid relief worker, bank executive, and teacher. As of 2020, he is the last Republican to have served as Governor of Rhode Island. \n\n", "Q254022": "Edward John Izzard (; born 7 February 1962) is an English stand-up comedian, actor, writer, and political activist. His comedic style takes the form of rambling whimsical monologues and self-referential pantomime.\nHe had a starring role in the television series The Riches as Wayne Malloy and has appeared in Ocean's Twelve, Ocean's Thirteen, Mystery Men, Shadow of the Vampire, The Cat's Meow, Across the Universe, Valkyrie and Victoria & Abdul. He has also worked as a voice actor in The Wild, Igor, The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian, Cars 2, The Lego Batman Movie, Abominable, and the Netflix Original Series Green Eggs and Ham.\nIzzard has won numerous awards including a Primetime Emmy Award for Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program for his comedy special Dress to Kill, in 2000. Izzard's website won the Yahoo People's Choice Award and earned the Webby Award.Izzard has campaigned for various causes and has been a Labour Party activist for most of his adult life. He twice ran for a seat on Labour's National Executive Committee. When Christine Shawcroft resigned in March 2018, he took her place by default, but was not re-elected in that summer's NEC elections. In 2009, he completed 43 marathons in 51 days for Sport Relief despite having no history of long-distance running.", "Q90750": "J\u00fcrgen Fuchs (19 December 1950 \u2013 9 May 1999) was an East German writer and dissident.", "Q118284": "Paul Chaudet (17 November 1904, Rivaz \u2013 7 August 1977) was a Swiss politician.\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 16 December 1954 and handed over office on 31 December 1966. He resigned on 28 November 1966 due to the Mirage-affair. He was affiliated to the Radical Party. During his office time he held the Military Department.\nHe was President of the Confederation twice in 1959 and 1962.\nOwing to incompetent military advisors concerning the purchase of 100 Mirage fighter jets with a budget which increased by 66% he was forced to resign in 1966, by his own Radical Party. \nWith Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, he was probably one of the last true Swiss Radicals. He remained, throughout his life, one of the rare right wing Swiss politicians who was able to identify with both wine-growers and farmers.\nThe Radical Party has now fused with the right-wing Liberals.", "Q75904": "Oscar Ferdinand Peschel (17 March 1826, Dresden \u2013 13 August 1875, Leipzig) was a German geographer and anthropologist.", "Q485150": "The Romanians (Romanian: rom\u00e2ni pronounced [ro\u02c8m\u0268n\u02b2] or\u2014historically, but now a seldom-used regionalism\u2014rum\u00e2ni; dated exonym: Vlachs) are a Romance ethnic group and nation native to Romania, that share a common Romanian culture, ancestry, and speak the Romanian language, the most widespread spoken Balkan Romance language, which is descended from the Latin language. According to the 2011 Romanian census, just under 89% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians.\nIn one interpretation of the census results in Moldova, the Moldovans are counted as Romanians, which would mean that the latter form part of the majority in that country as well. Romanians are also an ethnic minority in several nearby countries situated in Central, respectively Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, Czech Republic, Ukraine (including Moldovans), Serbia, and Bulgaria.\nToday, estimates of the number of Romanian people worldwide vary from 26 to 30 million according to various sources, evidently depending on the definition of the term 'Romanian', Romanians native to Romania and Republic of Moldova and their afferent diasporas, native speakers of Romanian, as well as other Balkan Romance-speaking groups considered by most scholars and the Romanian Academy as a constituent part of the broader Romanian people, specifically Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians, and Vlachs of Serbia (including medieval Vlachs), in Croatia, in Bulgaria, or in Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "Q316205": "Sergio Javier Goycochea (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8se\u027exjo xa\u02c8\u03b2je\u027e \u0263oiko\u02c8t\u0283ea]; born 17 October 1963) is an Argentine former professional football goalkeeper and male model. He is best known for helping his country reach the 1990 FIFA World Cup Final with his penalty kick saves.", "Q426837": "Mortal Kombat: Annihilation is a 1997 American science fantasy martial arts action film directed by John R. Leonetti. A sequel to the 1995 film Mortal Kombat, based on the video game series Mortal Kombat by Midway Games, it stars Robin Shou, Talisa Soto, Brian Thompson, Sandra Hess, \nLynn \"Red\" Williams, Irina Pantaeva, Marjean Holden, Musetta Vander, and James Remar. Although the story picks up immediately when the last film ended, all the roles were recast, with the exception of Shou and Soto.\nThe film's storyline was largely an adaptation of the fighting game Mortal Kombat 3. The plot follows an alliance of heroic Kombatants who are led by Raiden as they stop at nothing to save the Earthrealm by engaging in a series of fights with the villainous Kombatants of the Outworld who form an alliance of their own as well that is brought together by the evil tyrant Shao Kahn.\nAnnihilation has been near-universally panned by both fans and critics, resulting in a third film being cancelled.", "Q1991965": "The Czech Socialist Republic (\u010cesk\u00e1 socialistick\u00e1 republika in Czech; abbreviated \u010cSR) was a republic within the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic that is now the independent Czech Republic. The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990.", "Q90036": "Adolph Giesl-Gieslingen (7 September 1903 \u2013 11 February 1992) was an Austrian locomotive designer and engineer. \nGiesl-Gieslingen was born in 1903 in Trient, Tirol, and studied at the Technical College in Vienna. In 1924 he published a technical article on smokebox design and chimneys. In 1925 he received his diploma as an engineer, and began working as a design engineer at the Floridsdorf locomotive works, where he was involved in the construction of the Class 214 2-8-4s. While at Floridorf he continued his studies, being interested in developing the rectangular chimney design developed by Golsdorf in Austria, and finished his doctoral thesis on locomotive front-end design in 1929.", "Q158878": "Carlos Castaneda (December 25, 1925\u2013April 27, 1998) was an American author.\nStarting with The Teachings of Don Juan in 1968, Castaneda wrote a series of books that describe his training in shamanism, particularly with a group whose lineage descended from the Toltecs. The books, narrated in the first person, relate his experiences under the tutelage of a man that Castaneda claimed was a Yaqui \"Man of Knowledge\" named don Juan Matus. His 12 books have sold more than 28 million copies in 17 languages. They have been found to be fiction, but supporters claim the books are either true or at least valuable works of philosophy.\nCastaneda withdrew from public view in 1973, living in a large house in Westwood, California from 1973 until his death in 1998, with three colleagues whom he called \"Fellow Travellers of Awareness.\" He founded Cleargreen, an organization that promotes \"Tensegrity\", which Castaneda described as the modern version of the \"magical passes\" of the shamans of ancient Mexico.", "Q534599": "Damon Francis Knight (September 19, 1922 \u2013 April 15, 2002) was an American science fiction author, editor and critic. He is the author of \"To Serve Man\", a 1950 short story adapted for The Twilight Zone. He was married to fellow writer Kate Wilhelm.", "Q97759": "Franz Josef Delonge (24 June 1927 - 10 June 1988) was a German lawyer and politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nSince 1968 he belonged to the Munich city council, and from 1978 to 1984 was Chairman of the CSU in Munich. He did much work with mayor Erich Kiesl (CSU) in building and planning law, the modernization of municipal administration and the promotion of sport.", "Q108097": "Rahel Sanzara (also Sansara; pseudonym for Johanna Bleschke) (9 February 1894 \u2013 8 February 1936) was a German dancer, actress and novelist.", "Q1548455": "Carl Peter Brocco (January 16, 1903 \u2013 December 20, 1992) was an American screen and stage actor. He appeared in over 300 credits, notably Spartacus (1960) and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), during his career spanning over 60 years.", "Q12747": "Lance Tingay (15 July 1915 \u2013 10 March 1990) was a British sports journalist, historian, and author of several tennis books. For many years his annual ranking of top tennis players was \"the only one that counted\" before ATP rankings were introduced in 1973.", "Q431393": "Meital Dohan (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc \u05d3\u05d5\u05d4\u05df\u200e; born August 24, 1976) is an Israeli actress. In Israel she was part of productions such as Dancing with the Stars, Esti HaMekho'eret(Ugly Betty), and Romeo and Juliet. US audiences were first introduced to Dohan as Yael Hoffman on the Showtime series Weeds, and as Aurora in the Sony Pictures web-comedy Woke Up Dead. Dohan also starred in Foreclosure and in the thriller Monogamy, (Oscilloscope), which won the Best Narrative Feature at the Tribeca Film Festival. She has received awards for her work in theater, film, and television, including two Israeli Oscar nominations and an Israeli Tony Award.In early 2012 she caught the attention of hip-hop producer Che Pope and they began to record her debut album \"I'm In Hate With Love\". She received international attention for her first single \"Yummy\" (Rami Afuni LMFAO) and its viral video. MTV Buzzworthy said, \"She's also a comedian and a singer. And she's pretty. Why do some people get all the gifts?\" The song played on radio stations and in clubs around the world, trending No. 1 at Reverb Nation globally. Her next single, \"On Ya\" featuring Sean Kingston, charted No. 5 on the UK Club Pop Charts and No. 31 on the Billboard Club Chart. Both songs have been remixed by DJs such as R3hab, Sidney Samson, Dave Aude, Danny Verde, DJ Reflex, and DJ Skee.", "Q109389": "Josef Friedrich Matthes (10 February 1886 \u2013 9 October 1943) was head of the short lived Rhenish Republic.", "Q99774": "Herbert Scheibe (born Hohenm\u00f6lsen 28 November 1914: died Berlin 7 February 1991) was an East German Generaloberst and, between 1967 and 1972, Commanding general of the country's Airforce.\n\n", "Q382316": "Ahmet G\u00f6khan \u00d6zen (born 29 November 1979) is a Turkish singer and songwriter.", "Q936075": "Samuel Brannan (March 2, 1819 \u2013 May 5, 1889) was an American settler, businessman, journalist, and prominent Mormon who founded the California Star, the first newspaper in San Francisco, California. He is considered the first to publicize the California Gold Rush and was its first millionaire. He used the profits from his stores to buy large tracts of real estate. He helped form the first vigilance committee in San Francisco and was disfellowshiped from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) because of his actions within the vigilance committee. Brannan's wife divorced him and he was forced to liquidate much of his real estate to pay her one-half of their assets. He died poor and in relative obscurity.\n\n", "Q168763": "Liv Rundgren Tyler (born Liv Rundgren; July 1, 1977) is an American actress, producer, singer and former model. She is best known for her portrayal of Arwen Und\u00f3miel in the Lord of the Rings film trilogy (2001\u20132003).\nTyler began a career in modeling at age 14. She later decided to focus on acting, and made her film debut in Silent Fall (1994). She went on to achieve critical recognition with starring roles in Heavy, Empire Records (both 1995), That Thing You Do!, and Stealing Beauty (both 1996). She then appeared in films such as Inventing the Abbotts (1997), Armageddon (1998), Cookie's Fortune, Onegin (both 1999), Dr. T & the Women (2000), and One Night at McCool's (2001).\nFollowing the success of Lord of the Rings, Tyler has appeared in a variety of roles, including the films Jersey Girl (2004), Lonesome Jim (2005), Reign Over Me (2007), The Strangers, The Incredible Hulk (both 2008), Super (2010), Space Station 76 (2014), Wildling (2018), and Ad Astra (2019). Outside of film, she starred in the HBO supernatural drama series The Leftovers (2014\u20132017), the BBC period drama series Gunpowder (2017), the ITV/Hulu period drama series Harlots (2018\u2013present), and the Fox procedural drama series 9-1-1: Lone Star (2020\u2013present).\nTyler is also a singer, having sung with composer Howard Shore. She appeared as guest vocalist on The Lemonheads' album Varshons (2009), singing a cover of the Leonard Cohen song \"Hey, That's No Way to Say Goodbye\". She appeared on the 2017 bonus disk of Evan Dando's album Baby I'm Bored (2003), providing featured vocals for the song \"Shots is Fired\". In 2011, Tyler released her debut single, \"Need You Tonight\".\nTyler has served as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for the United States since 2003, and as a spokesperson for Givenchy's line of perfume and cosmetics. She is the daughter of Steven Tyler and Bebe Buell, although she has a very close relationship with her adoptive father Todd Rundgren.", "Q91328": "Gottfried Graf von der Goltz (born 1 June 1964 in W\u00fcrzburg, Germany) is a German violinist and conductor, specialising in the baroque repertoire. Born into the ancient Brandenburgish Goltz family, Gottfried was a great-grandson of the former commander of the Baltic Sea Division and the Baltische Landeswehr during World War I and the Russian Civil War, General R\u00fcdiger von der Goltz. His first teachers were his parents, Georg Conrad von der Goltz and Kirsti Hjort. After further education in Hannover, New York, and Freiburg, he joined the radio orchestra of Hamburg's Norddeutscher Rundfunk at the age of 21. Two years later he left in order to focus on his career as a soloist, chamber musician, and conductor. He is now musical leader of the Freiburger Barockorchester. From 1997 to 2004 he held a professorship with the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik W\u00fcrzburg. In October 2004 he was called to a professorship in violin and baroque violin at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Freiburg. Since January 2007 von der Goltz has also been artistic director of the Oslo-based Norwegian Baroque Orchestra. His interests include salt-water swimming and g\u00f8bbing (exchanging ideas with members of a think tank). Gottfried von der Goltz's extensive discography and DVD production include recordings as soloist, chamber musician, and conductor, also of larger scenic works, like Rameau's Dardanus.", "Q346432": "Sir John Barbirolli, CH (2 December 1899 \u2013 29 July 1970), n\u00e9 Giovanni Battista Barbirolli, was a British conductor and cellist. He is remembered above all as conductor of the Hall\u00e9 Orchestra in Manchester, which he helped save from dissolution in 1943 and conducted for the rest of his life. Earlier in his career he was Arturo Toscanini's successor as music director of the New York Philharmonic, serving from 1936 to 1943. He was also chief conductor of the Houston Symphony from 1961 to 1967, and was a guest conductor of many other orchestras, including the BBC Symphony Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, the Philharmonia, the Berlin Philharmonic and the Vienna Philharmonic, with all of which he made recordings.\nBorn in London of Italian and French parentage, Barbirolli grew up in a family of professional musicians. After starting out as a cellist, he was given the chance to conduct, from 1926 with the British National Opera Company, and then with Covent Garden's touring company. On taking up the conductorship of the Hall\u00e9 he had less opportunity to work in the opera house, but in the 1950s he conducted productions of works by Verdi, Wagner, Gluck, and Puccini at Covent Garden with such success that he was invited to become the company's permanent musical director, an invitation he declined. Late in his career he made several recordings of operas, of which his 1967 set of Puccini's Madama Butterfly for EMI is probably the best known.\nBoth in the concert hall and on record, Barbirolli was particularly associated with the music of English composers such as Elgar, Delius and Vaughan Williams. His interpretations of other late romantic composers, such as Mahler and Sibelius, as well as of earlier classical composers, including Schubert, are also still admired.", "Q92621": "Andrew Stuart Tanenbaum (born March 16, 1944), sometimes referred to by the handle ast, is a Dutch / American computer scientist and professor emeritus of computer science at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands.He is best known as the author of MINIX, a free Unix-like operating system for teaching purposes, and for his computer science textbooks, regarded as standard texts in the field. He regards his teaching job as his most important work. Since 2004 he has operated Electoral-vote.com, a website dedicated to analysis of polling data in federal elections in the United States.\n\n", "Q372797": "Michael Ingo Joachim \"Weiki\" Weikath (born 7 August 1962) is a German musician and songwriter, best known as a founding member and one of the guitarists and backing vocalists of pioneering power metal band Helloween.", "Q1967995": "Aleksandra Evgenievna Yakovleva (born Aleksandra Evgenievna Ivanes, Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441; 2 July 1957) is a Soviet and Russian actress and businesswoman (transportation industry - Air and Rail). She was one of the most popular actresses in 1980s.", "Q292677": "Sara Forestier (born 4 October 1986) is a French actress, film director and screenwriter.\n\n", "Q405036": "Aileen Pringle (born Aileen Bisbee; July 23, 1895 \u2013 December 16, 1989) was an American stage and film actress during the silent film era.", "Q125663": "Boris Akunin (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0410\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043d) is the pen name of Grigori Chkhartishvili (Russian: \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0428\u0430\u043b\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0448\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438; Georgian: \u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e9\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8) (born 20 May 1956), a Russian writer. He is best known as writer of detective and historical fiction. He is also an essayist and literary translator. Grigory Chkhartishvili has also written under pen names Anatoly Brusnikin, Anna Borisova, and Akunin-Chkhartishvili.", "Q443063": "Adam Richard Sandler (born September 9, 1966) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, film producer, and singer-songwriter. After becoming a Saturday Night Live cast member, he went on to star in many Hollywood feature films, which have combined grossed over $2 billion at the box office.Sandler is best known for his comedic roles including Billy Madison (1995), Happy Gilmore (1996), The Waterboy (1998), The Wedding Singer (1998), Big Daddy (1999), Mr. Deeds (2002), 50 First Dates (2004), The Longest Yard (2005), Click (2006), Grown Ups (2010), Just Go with It (2011), Grown Ups 2 (2013), Blended (2014) and Murder Mystery (2019). He also voices Dracula in the Hotel Transylvania franchise (2012\u2013present).\nSome of his films, such as the widely panned Jack and Jill, have been heavily criticized, culminating in a shared second place in the number of Raspberry Awards (three) and Raspberry Award nominations (11), in both cases second only to Sylvester Stallone.\nSandler ventured into dramatic territory with his roles in Punch-Drunk Love (2002), Spanglish (2004), Reign Over Me (2007), Funny People (2009), The Meyerowitz Stories (New and Selected) (2017), and Uncut Gems (2019), all of which earned him critical praise.", "Q934662": "Sotigui Kouyat\u00e9 (19 July 1936 \u2013 17 April 2010) was one of the first Burkinab\u00e9 actors. He was the father of film director Dani Kouyat\u00e9\nand was a member of the Mandinka ethnic group.Members of Kouyat\u00e9's lineage or clan have served as griots for the Keita dynasty since at least the 13th century. The Kouyat\u00e9s guard customs, and their knowledge is authoritative among Mandinkas. Keitas have to provide amenities to Kouyat\u00e9s, who in turn should not hesitate to ask for Keita help. The word Kouyat\u00e9 translates as \"there is a secret between you and me\".", "Q38804": "Kim Yong-chun (4 March 1936 \u2013 16 August 2018) was a North Korean soldier and politician. He was a leader of the North Korean military. He held the North Korean military rank Chasu (Vice Marshal), was Vice Chairman of the National Defense Commission of North Korea, and was Minister of People's Armed Forces (roughly corresponds to Minister of Defence in other countries). He held a minor post within the Workers Party.", "Q13736166": "Jan van Orley or Jan van Orley II (4 January 1665, Brussels \u2013 22 February 1735, Brussels) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman, printmaker and designer of tapestries. Van Orley was one of the major figures of Flemish tapestry design in the late 17th and early 18th century.After the destruction by French troops of a large number of religious and civic buildings during the Bombardment of Brussels in 1695 he obtained many commissions for religious paintings to redecorate the churches in Brussels that had been destroyed by the French onslaught.", "Q486459": "Evansville is a city in, and the county seat of, Vanderburgh County, Indiana. The population was 117,429 at the 2010 census, making it the state's third-most populous city after Indianapolis and Fort Wayne, the largest city in Southern Indiana, and the 232nd-most populous city in the United States. It is the commercial, medical, and cultural hub of Southwestern Indiana and the Illinois-Indiana-Kentucky tri-state area, home to over 911,000 people. The 38th parallel crosses the north side of the city and is marked on Interstate 69.\nSituated on an oxbow in the Ohio River, the city is often referred to as the \"Crescent Valley\" or \"River City\". As a testament to the Ohio's grandeur, early French explorers named it La Belle Rivi\u00e8re (\"The Beautiful River\"). The area has been inhabited by various indigenous cultures for millennia, dating back at least 10,000 years. Angel Mounds was a permanent settlement of the Mississippian culture from 1000 AD to around 1400 AD. The European-American city was founded in 1812.\nThree NYSE companies (Accuride, Berry Global, and OneMain Financial) are headquartered in Evansville, along with the global operations center for NYSE company Mead Johnson. Three other companies traded on the NASDAQ (Escalade, Old National Bank, and Shoe Carnival) are also headquartered in Evansville. The city is home to public and private enterprise in many areas, as Evansville serves as the region's economic hub.\nEvansville is home to Tropicana Evansville, the state's first casino; Mesker Park Zoo and Botanic Garden, one of the state's oldest and largest zoos; and sports tourism industry. The city has several educational institutions. The University of Evansville is a private school on the city's east side, while the University of Southern Indiana is a larger public institution just outside the city's westside limits. The Indiana University School of Medicine also maintains a campus in Evansville. Other local educational institutions include the nationally ranked Signature School and the Evansville Vanderburgh Public Library. In 2008, Evansville was voted the best city in the country in which \"to live, work, and play\" by the readers of Kiplinger, and in 2009 as the 11th best.", "Q44529": "Fuad Jorge Jury (28 May 1938 \u2013 5 November 2012), commonly known as Leonardo Favio (Spanish pronunciation: [leo\u02c8na\u027e\u00f0o \u02c8fa\u03b2jo]), was an Argentine singer, actor, film director and screenwriter. He is considered one of Argentina's best film directors and most enduring cultural figures as well as a popular singer-songwriter throughout Latin America.Much beloved in Latin America, he was one of the most successful Argentine singers in the 1960s and 1970s with big hits like Ding, dong estas cosas del amor (with Carola), O quiz\u00e1s simplemente le regale una rosa, Fuiste m\u00eda un verano, Ella ya me olvid\u00f3, Quiero aprender de memoria, Mi tristeza es m\u00eda y nada m\u00e1s, Para saber c\u00f3mo es la soledad, Mi amante ni\u00f1a mi compa\u00f1era, Ni el clavel ni la rosa, La foto de carnet, No jueges m\u00e1s, Chiquillada and La cita and starred in many films.Without detriment to his outstanding career as a singer and songwriter, at the time he began to sing in public, he was already an established film director. His first feature movie \u2013 Chronicle of a Boy Alone \u2013 and the second one \u2013 El Romance del Aniceto y la Francisca \u2013 compete in the consensus of Argentine critics to be considered the best Argentine movie of all times, while the agreement is almost unanimous in considering Leonardo Favio as the best Argentine movie director of all times. Later, he would film: El Dependiente, Juan Moreira, Nazareno Cruz y el Lobo, So\u00f1ar So\u00f1ar, Gatica el Mono, Per\u00f3n Sinfon\u00eda de un Sentimiento and Aniceto (a valet version of El romance...). \nHis brother is writer and director Jorge Zuhair Jury. He was married to Mar\u00eda Vaner and had two children, one being the composer Nico Jury. On 9 October 2010, Favio was appointed Argentina's Ambassador of Culture by national decree of the president Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner.\nHe died on 5 November 2012 in Buenos Aires at the age of 74.", "Q6109117": "JT Thunders (JT\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30ba, JT Sand\u0101zu) is a men's volleyball team based in Hiroshima city, Hiroshima, Japan. It plays in V.Premier League. The owner of the club is Japan Tobacco.", "Q8162": "Linguistics is the scientific study of language. It involves analysing language form, language meaning, and language in context. Linguists traditionally analyse human language by observing an interplay between sound and meaning. Linguistics also deals with the social, cultural, historical and political factors that influence language, through which linguistic and language-based context is often determined. Research on language through the sub-branches of historical and evolutionary linguistics also focuses on how languages change and grow, particularly over an extended period of time.\nThe earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 6th-century-BC Indian grammarian P\u0101\u1e47ini who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his A\u1e63\u1e6d\u0101dhy\u0101y\u012b.Related areas of study include the disciplines of semiotics (the study of direct and indirect language through signs and symbols), literary criticism (the historical and ideological analysis of literature, cinema, art, or published material), translation (the conversion and documentation of meaning in written/spoken text from one language or dialect onto another), and speech-language pathology (a corrective method to cure phonetic disabilities and dis-functions at the cognitive level).", "Q1132126": "Yedioth Ahronoth (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05b0\u05d3\u05b4\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea \u05d0\u05b7\u05d7\u05b2\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05e0\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea, pronounced [jedi.\u02c8ot a\u03c7aro\u02c8not] (listen); lit. Latest News) is a national daily newspaper published in Tel Aviv, Israel. Founded in 1939 in Mandatory Palestine, Yedioth Ahronoth has been the largest newspaper in Israel by sales and circulation.", "Q97771": "Richard L\u00f6wenthal (April 15, 1908 \u2013 August 9, 1991) was a German journalist and professor who wrote mostly on the problems of democracy, communism, and world politics.\n\n", "Q43246": "The B\u00fcrgenstock is a mountain in Switzerland (1,115 m above sea level) located partway along the shore of Lake Lucerne. B\u00fcrgenstock is also a resort located at 874 m a.s.l. on the same mountain. The lookout point at the summit of the B\u00fcrgenstock, the Hammetschwand, offers an extensive view, for the mountain is almost entirely surrounded by Lake Lucerne.\nThe small resort B\u00fcrgenstock can be reached by a road as well as with the B\u00fcrgenstock Funicular which starts from the boat landing pier at Kehrsiten-B\u00fcrgenstock on Lake Lucerne. The highest summit of the B\u00fcrgenstock can be reached from the resort by foot and by means of a cliff-side path followed by the Hammetschwand Elevator.\nThe new B\u00fcrgenstock resort featuring 30 buildings, including three hotels with around 400 rooms (800 beds), 68 Residence Suites and 12 restaurants and bars is under construction. Of the total investment of CHF 485 million, CHF 320 million has already been expended. It reopens 2017.", "Q437912": "Susan Scott \"Scottie\" Thompson (born November 9, 1981) is an American film, television and stage actress.", "Q3720100": "Edoarda Vesselovsky (born 8 March 1940), better known by her stage name Edy Vessel, Edi Vessel, or Edy Vesel, is an Italian actress and businesswoman.", "Q22874": "Wiesloch (German: [\u02c8vi\u02d0sl\u0254x], locally [\u02c8v\u026asl\u0254x]), is a city in Germany, in northern Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. It is situated 13 kilometres south of Heidelberg.\nAfter Weinheim, Sinsheim and Leimen it is the fourth largest city of the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis and is in the north-central area near Heidelberg with its neighbouring town Walldorf with which it shares Wiesloch-Walldorf station. Also in the vicinity of Wiesloch are the cities and towns of Dielheim, Malsch (bei Wiesloch), M\u00fchlhausen, Rauenberg and Sankt Leon-Rot.\nDuring the reformation of the area in the 1970s Wiesloch's inhabitants exceeded 20,000. Wiesloch became a \"Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt\" on January 1, 1973, when Altwiesloch, Baiertal, Frauenweiler and Schatthausen were joined with the town of Wiesloch to form the present municipality.", "Q1293750": "James Bishop (May 11, 1816 in New Brunswick, New Jersey \u2013 May 10, 1895 in Morristown, New Jersey) was an American Opposition Party politician, who represented New Jersey's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1855\u20131857.", "Q64821": "Oberdorf is a municipality in the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.\narea = 6.19", "Q318200": "Abraham Michael Saperstein (Yiddish: \u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4\u05dd \u05de\u05d9\u05db\u05d0\u05dc \u05e1\u05d0\u05e4\u05e2\u05e8\u05e9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05df\u200e; July 4, 1902 \u2013 March 15, 1966) was the founder, owner and earliest coach of the Harlem Globetrotters. Saperstein was a leading figure in black basketball and baseball from the 1920s through the 1950s, primarily before those sports were racially integrated.Saperstein revolutionized the game of basketball and took the Globetrotters from an unknown team touring small farm towns in the Midwestern United States during the height of the Great Depression to a powerhouse that went on to beat the best team in the all-white National Basketball Association. He also introduced the three-point shot, which went on to become a mainstay of modern basketball.Saperstein was elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1971 and, at 5 ft 3 in (1.60 m), is its shortest male member. In 1979, he was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame and 2005 was inducted into the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.", "Q91300": "Arno Esch (February 6, 1928 \u2013 July 24, 1951) was a German liberal politician of the late 1940s in the Soviet Occupation Zone. He was executed at the Lubyanka prison in Moscow in 1951 at the age of 23.", "Q116281": "Alexandra Lecciones Doig (born June 8, 1973) is a Canadian actress. She portrayed the title role in the 2000\u20132005 Canadian-American science fiction-adventure television series Andromeda. She also portrayed the female lead role of Rowan in the science fiction-action horror film Jason X (2001), the tenth installment of the Friday the 13th film series and currently appears in the Aurora Teagarden mystery films on the Hallmark Movies & Mysteries Channel.", "Q85375": "Emil St\u00fcrtz (15 November 1892 \u2013 missing 21 April 1945) was a Nazi German politician and Gauleiter.", "Q386158": "Jorge Gabriel Cham (Spanish: [\u02c8xorxe]) (born 1976) is an engineer-turned cartoonist, writer and producer, who writes the web comic strip Piled Higher and Deeper (PhD Comics). Cham was born in Panama and lives in the United States, where he started drawing PhD Comics as a graduate student at Stanford University. He has since been syndicated in several university newspapers and in six published book collections.\nHe was featured on NPR on December 20, 2010. With physicist Daniel Whiteson, he is the coauthor of We Have No Idea (2017), a book about unsolved problems in physics. In September 2018, Cham and Whiteson debuted the podcast Daniel and Jorge Explain the Universe, produced by iHeartMedia, in which the hosts aim to explain popular questions and complex topics about science, technology, and the universe, in the simplest way possible. In May 2019, PBS Kids announced Elinor Wonders Why, a new animated series co-created by Cham, set to premiere on September 2020.", "Q92609": "Frederick Phillips \"Fred\" Brooks Jr. (born April 19, 1931) is an American computer architect, software engineer, and computer scientist, best known for managing the development of IBM's System/360 family of computers and the OS/360 software support package, then later writing candidly about the process in his seminal book The Mythical Man-Month. Brooks has received many awards, including the National Medal of Technology in 1985 and the Turing Award in 1999.\n\n", "Q71592": "Joseph Furttenbach the Elder (30 December 1591 \u2013 17 January 1667) was a German architect, mathematician, engineer and diarist.", "Q2329": "Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with elements and compounds composed of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other substances.In the scope of its subject, chemistry occupies an intermediate position between physics and biology. It is sometimes called the central science because it provides a foundation for understanding both basic and applied scientific disciplines at a fundamental level. For example, chemistry explains aspects of plant chemistry (botany), the formation of igneous rocks (geology), how atmospheric ozone is formed and how environmental pollutants are degraded (ecology), the properties of the soil on the moon (astrophysics), how medications work (pharmacology), and how to collect DNA evidence at a crime scene (forensics).\nChemistry addresses topics such as how atoms and molecules interact via chemical bonds to form new chemical compounds. There are four types of chemical bonds: covalent bonds, in which compounds share one or more electron(s); ionic bonds, in which a compound donates one or more electrons to another compound to produce ions (cations and anions); hydrogen bonds; and Van der Waals force bonds.", "Q122124": "Caspar Decurtins (23 November 1855 - 30 May 1916) was a politician (Catholic-Conservative) from the Surselva region, up-river to the west of Chur in the Swiss canton of Grisons.He is regarded as a leading pioneer of the European Social Catholicism movement.\n\n", "Q95166": "Aniela Jaff\u00e9 (February 20, 1903 \u2013 October 30, 1991) was a Swiss analyst who for many years was a co-worker of Carl Gustav Jung. She was the recorder and editor of Jung's semi-autobiographical book Memories, Dreams, Reflections.", "Q1034225": "Harvard Divinity School (HDS) is one of the constituent schools of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The school's mission is to educate its students either in the academic study of religion or for leadership roles in religion, government, and service. It also caters to students from other Harvard schools that are interested in the former field. HDS is among a small group of university-based, non-denominational divinity schools in the United States (others include University of Chicago Divinity School, Yale Divinity School, Vanderbilt University Divinity School, and Wake Forest University School of Divinity).", "Q247076": "Alvan Graham Clark (July 10, 1832 \u2013 June 9, 1897) was an American astronomer and telescope-maker.\nBorn in Fall River, Massachusetts, he was the son of Alvan Clark, founder of Alvan Clark & Sons.\nOn January 31, 1862, while testing a new 18.5-inch (470 mm) aperture great refractor telescope in Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, Clark made the first ever observation of a white dwarf star. This discovery of Sirius B, or affectionately \"the Pup\", proved an earlier hypotheses (Friedrich Bessel in 1844) that Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky with an apparent magnitude of \u22121.46, had an unseen companion disturbing its motion. Clark used the largest refracting telescope lens in existence at the time, and the largest telescope in the United States, to observe the magnitude 8 companion.\nClark's 18.5 inch refracting telescope was then delivered to his customer, the landmark Dearborn Observatory of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, where it is still being used today.", "Q305537": "Siror (German: Siraur) was a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,244 and an area of 75.1 square kilometres (29.0 sq mi). It was merged with Fiera di Primiero, Tonadico and Transacqua on January 1, 2016, to form a new municipality, Primiero San Martino di Castrozza.The municipality of Siror contains the frazioni (subdivisions) Nolesca and part of San Martino di Castrozza.\nSiror borders the following municipalities: Canale d'Agordo, Predazzo, Canal San Bovo, Mezzano, Imer, Tonadico and Transacqua.", "Q94278": "Senta Wengraf is an Austrian film and television actress.\n\n", "Q58100": "Urmas Paet (born 20 April 1974) is an Estonian politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Estonia. He is a member of the Reform Party, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. He has served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2005 to 2014 and Minister of Culture from 2003 to 2005. He was a member of the Estonian Parliament from 2003 to 2014.", "Q124555": "William Joseph Behr (26 August 1775 \u2013 1 August 1851), German publicist and writer.", "Q153905": "Paul Celan (; German: [\u02c8tse\u02d0la\u02d0n]; 23 November 1920 \u2013 c. 20 April 1970) was a Romanian-born German language poet and translator. He was born as Paul Antschel to a Jewish family in Cern\u0103u\u021bi (German: Czernowitz), in the then Kingdom of Romania (now Chernivtsi, Ukraine), and adopted the pseudonym \"Paul Celan\". He became one of the major German-language poets of the post\u2013World War II era.", "Q508248": "Andrew Victor McLaglen (July 28, 1920 \u2013 August 30, 2014) was a British-born American film and television director, known for\nWesterns and adventure films, often starring John Wayne or James Stewart.", "Q3037": "Kathmandu (; Nepali: \u0915\u093e\u0920\u092e\u093e\u0921\u094c\u0902, Nepali pronunciation: [\u02cck\u0251\u0288\u02b0m\u0251\u0273\u02c8\u0256u\u02d0]) is the capital and largest metropolis of Nepal, with a population of around 2.5 million.\nKathmandu Valley is growing at 4 percent per year according to World Bank in 2010, making it one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in South Asia, and the first region in Nepal to face the unprecedented challenges of rapid urbanization and modernization at a metropolitan scale.Kathmandu is also known as the city of temples, with one of the oldest Pagodas, known as Pashupatinath Temple, standing at an elevation of approximately 1,400 metres (4,600 feet) above sea level in the bowl-shaped Kathmandu Valley in central Nepal. The valley is historically called the \"Nepal Mandala\" and has been the home of Newar people, a cosmopolitan urban civilization in the Himalayas foothills. The city was the royal capital of the Kingdom of Nepal and hosts palaces, mansions and gardens of the Nepalese aristocracy. It has been home to the headquarters of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) since 1985. Today, it is the seat of government of the Nepalese republic, established in 2008, and is part of the Bagmati province.\nKathmandu is and has been for many years the centre of Nepal's history, art, culture, and economy. It has a multi-ethnic population within a Hindu and Buddhist majority, and is the home of the Newars. Religious and cultural festivities form a major part of the lives of people residing in Kathmandu.\nTourism is an important part of the economy. In 2013, Kathmandu was ranked third among the top ten upcoming travel destinations in the world by TripAdvisor, and ranked first in Asia. The city is considered the gateway to the Nepalese Himalayas and home to several world heritage sites: Durbar Square, Swayambhunath, Boudhanath and Pashupatinath. \nHistoric areas of Kathmandu were severely damaged by a 7.8 magnitude earthquake in April 2015. Some of the buildings have been restored and some remain in the process of reconstruction.", "Q981797": "Ustad Sultan Khan (15 April 1940 \u2013 27 November 2011) was an Indian sarangi player and Classical vocalist belonging to Sikar Gharana. He was one of the members of the Indian fusion group Tabla Beat Science, with Zakir Hussain and Bill Laswell. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honor, in 2010.", "Q67496": "Blatten is a village and municipality in the L\u00f6tschental valley in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It is part of the district of Westlich Raron, and much of the municipality lies within the Jungfrau-Aletsch protected area, a World Heritage Site. Besides the village of Blatten, the municipality includes the settlements of Eisten, Fafleralp, Ried and Weissenried.Blatten should not be confused with the ski resort and village of Blatten bei Naters, which lies some 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the south-east in a direct line, or nearer 50 kilometres (31 mi) by road.", "Q510361": "Nina Lindberg Nesbitt (born 11 July 1994) is a Scottish singer and songwriter. She has two top 40 singles, and is known for her single \"Stay Out\", which peaked at 21 on the UK Singles Chart in April 2013.Her first EP, The Apple Tree, was released in April 2012 and peaked at No. 6 on the iTunes download charts after receiving airplay on BBC Radio 1, and also peaked at the top of the iTunes singer/songwriter chart. The Way in the World EP and single were released on 23 July 2013, as a follow-up to \"Stay Out\". In August 2013, she recorded a version of Fleetwood Mac's \"Don't Stop\", for a new John Lewis advertising campaign, subsequently charting at number 61. Nesbitt released her debut album, Peroxide, on 17 February 2014.\nAs a songwriter, she has written for artists including Jessie Ware, Olivia Holt, Don Diablo and The Shires. In February 2019, Nesbitt released her second studio album, The Sun Will Come Up, the Seasons Will Change.\n\n", "Q186692": "Uwe Adam Ochsenknecht (born 7 January 1956) is a German actor and singer.", "Q258630": "Sophie Calle (born 9 October 1953) is a French writer, photographer, installation artist, and conceptual artist. Calle's work is distinguished by its use of arbitrary sets of constraints, and evokes the French literary movement of the 1960s known as Oulipo. Her work frequently depicts human vulnerability, and examines identity and intimacy. She is recognized for her detective-like ability to follow strangers and investigate their private lives. Her photographic work often includes panels of text of her own writing.Since 2005 Calle has taught as a professor of film and photography at European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland. She has lectured at the University of California, San Diego in the Visual Arts Department. She has also taught at Mills College in Oakland, California.\nExhibitions of Calle's work took place at the Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris; Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia; Mus\u00e9e d'Art et d'Histoire du Juda\u00efsme, Paris; Paula Cooper Gallery, New York; Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium; Videobrasil, SESC Pompeia, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; Museum of Modern Art of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Whitechapel Gallery, London; and the De Pont Museum of Contemporary Art, Tilburg, Netherlands. She represented France at the Venice Biennale in 2007.In 2017 she was shortlisted for the Deutsche B\u00f6rse Photography Prize for her publication My All (Actes Sud, 2016). In 2019 she was the recipient of the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship.", "Q559007": "Mario Maurer (Thai: \u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e21\u0e32\u0e40\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d; Thai pronunciation: [m\u0101\u02d0r\u012b\u0294\u00f4\u02d0 m\u0101w.r\u0264\u0302\u02d0]; German pronunciation: [\u02c8ma\u02d0\u0281io \u02c8ma\u028a\u032f\u0281\u0250]) is a Thai actor and model of German descent, born to a German father and a Thai Chinese mother.Maurer started a career in modeling at the age of 16. He later became best known for his lead roles in the 2007 film The Love of Siam and the 2010 sleeper hit First Love. He is also the lead star of Thailand's highest grossing film of all time, Pee Mak alongside Davika Hoorne. He is part of a group called 4+1 Channel 3 Superstar with Nadech Kugimiya, Prin Suparat, Pakorn Chatborirak and Phupoom Pongpanu.", "Q456": "Lyon or Lyons (UK: , US: , French: [lj\u0254\u0303] (listen); Arpitan: Liyon, pronounced [\u028ej\u0254\u0303]; Italian: Lione, pronounced [li\u02c8one]) is the third-largest city and second-largest urban area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rh\u00f4ne and Sa\u00f4ne, about 470 km (292 mi) south of Paris, 320 km (199 mi) north of Marseille and 56 km (35 mi) northeast of Saint-\u00c9tienne. Inhabitants of the city are called Lyonnais.\nLyon had a population of 513,275 in 2015. It is the capital of the Metropolis of Lyon and the region of Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes. The Lyon metropolitan area had a population of 2,265,375 in 2014. The city is known for its cuisine and gastronomy, and historical and architectural landmarks; part of it is registered as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Lyon was historically an important area for the production and weaving of silk. Lyon played a significant role in the history of cinema: it is where Auguste and Louis Lumi\u00e8re invented the cinematograph. It is also known for its light festival, the F\u00eate des Lumi\u00e8res, which begins every 8 December and lasts for four days, earning Lyon the title of Capital of Lights.\nEconomically, Lyon is a major centre for banking, as well as for the chemical, pharmaceutical, and biotech industries. The city contains a significant software industry with a particular focus on video games, and in recent years has fostered a growing local start-up sector. Lyon hosts the international headquarters of Interpol, the International Agency for Research on Cancer and Euronews. According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute, Lyon is considered a Beta city, as of 2018. It ranked second in France and 40th globally in Mercer's 2019 liveability rankings.", "Q188867": "Futures studies, also called futurology, is the study of postulating possible, probable, and preferable futures and the worldviews and myths that underlie them. In general, it can be considered as a branch of the social sciences and parallel to the field of history. Futures studies (colloquially called \"futures\" by many of the field's practitioners) seeks to understand what is likely to continue and what could plausibly change. Part of the discipline thus seeks a systematic and pattern-based understanding of past and present, and to determine the likelihood of future events and trends.Unlike the physical sciences where a narrower, more specified system is studied, futurology concerns a much bigger and more complex world system. The methodology and knowledge are much less proven as compared to natural science or even social science like sociology and economics. There is a debate as to whether this discipline is an art or science and in its early days was sometimes described by scientists as pseudoscience, but it has become increasingly mainstreamed, as evidenced by the formation of the Association of Professional Futurists in 2002, and the development of a Foresight Competency Model in 2017.", "Q442433": "The Flute Concert of Sanssouci (German: Das Fl\u00f6tenkonzert von Sans-souci) is a 1930 German drama film directed by Gustav Ucicky and starring Otto Geb\u00fchr. It was part of the popular cycle of Prussian films.The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Herlth and Walter R\u00f6hrig. Location filming took place around the Berlin area including at the Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam.", "Q77685": "\u00d6zcan Mutlu (born January 10, 1968) in Kelkit, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane Province, Turkey, is a Turkish-German politician of the Green Party.\n\n", "Q83062": "Donaueschingen is a German town in the Black Forest in the southwest of the federal state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in the Schwarzwald-Baar Kreis. It stands near the confluence of the two sources of the river Danube (in German: Donau; the town's name is an eponym).\nDonaueschingen stands in a basin within low mountainous terrain. It is located about 13 km (8.1 mi) south of Villingen-Schwenningen, 24 km (15 mi) west of Tuttlingen, and about 30 km (19 mi) north of the Swiss town of Schaffhausen. In 2015 the population was 21,750, making it the second largest town in the district (Kreis) of Schwarzwald-Baar. It is a regional rail hub.", "Q57555": "Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah GCB (Hon) (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u200e; born 16 June 1929) is the Emir of Kuwait and the Commander of the Kuwait Military Forces. He was sworn in on 29 January 2006 after confirmation by the National Assembly. He is the fourth son of Sheikh Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah.", "Q883194": "Albert Blakeslee White (September 22, 1856 \u2013 July 3, 1941) was the 11th Governor of West Virginia from 1901 to 1905.\nWhite was educated in the public schools of Columbus, Ohio. In 1878, he graduated from Marietta College. In 1879, he married Agnes Ward. White began his career in journalism as a managing editor in Lafayette, Indiana and relocated to Parkersburg, West Virginia (Wood County) in 1881. He continued to work as a politically powerful editor in Parkerburg until 1889.\nIn 1889, White was appointed by President Benjamin Harrison as collector of internal revenue for West Virginia. He was later reappointed by President William McKinley in 1897.\nIn 1900, White was the Republican nominee for Governor of West Virginia and defeated Democrat John H. Holt by 19156 votes.\nIn 1916, White failed to win the Republican nomination for the US Senate having been defeated by Howard Sutherland; however, he later was elected to the West Virginia Senate.\nWhite died in Parkersburg in 1941.", "Q41337": "Uruch Beg, later known by his baptized name of Don Juan (1560\u20131604) was a late 16th and early 17th century Iranian figure in Iran and Spain. He is also known as Faisal Nazary. A native of Iran, and from the Bayat Qizilbash clan, he later moved westward, settled in Spain, and became a Roman Catholic. There he wrote an account of Iran, his involvement there with Shah Abbas I, and his journey to Spain in the Persian embassy to Europe (1599-1602). He was killed in 1604 during a street fight.\nDon Juan was the son of Sultan Ali Beg, who was the brother of the Iranian ambassador Husain Ali Beg.", "Q737772": "Attila Petschauer (December 14, 1904 \u2013 January 30, 1943) was a Hungarian Olympic champion fencer of Jewish heritage.", "Q709844": "Finn Gustavsen (22 April 1926 in Drammen \u2013 20 July 2005) was a Norwegian socialist politician active from 1945 to the late 1970s. He was noted for his uncompromising style and willingness to take contrarian stands.\nGustavsen was born into a middle-class family in Drammen, where his father supported the family as the manager of the local cooperative store. Gustavsen started out his career as an industrial worker in Horten and Holmestrand. He became active in the Norwegian Labour Party youth movement (Arbeidernes Ungdomsfylking) in the fall of 1945 after he earned his university entrance certificate in a year.\nThe year after, he was hired as a reporter for the regional socialist paper in Vestfold, moved on to the national youth periodical for the Labor Party, then was part of a radical group that formed a foreign affairs journal called Orienteering. Although most vocal on foreign policy issues related to the arms race and what the editors generally termed \"power bloc politics,\" the magazine became the platform for a left-wing faction within the Labor Party. This opposition was met with threats - sometimes carried out - of expulsion from the party.\nIn 1961, Gustavsen left the party and formed Sosialistisk Folkeparti and was immediately elected into Storting, the Norwegian Parliament as a representative from Oslo. He served as an elected member for the Sosialistisk Folkeparti (SF) (1961\u20131965 and 1965\u20131969) and it successor Sosialistisk Venstreparti (1973\u20131977). When the Labor Party lost its majority in Stortinget, Gustavsen's party became necessary for Labor Party governments to survive votes of no confidence.\nGustavsen decided to turn out the Labor government of Einar Gerhardsen in 1963 over the so-called Kings Bay Affair, ushering in a short-lived but symbolically important non-socialist government under John Lyng.\nAlthough Gustavsen's personality was strongly associated with his party, he made a considerable effort to resist that association. He opted out of reelection twice and had to be persuaded to resume leadership roles. He was a staunch opponent of Norwegian membership in the European Union and resisted the alliance with the Norwegian Communist Party. He risked criminal prosecution for his disclosures of Norwegian plans to build Loran C facilities in support of submarine warfare in Norwegian waters.\nIn 1977 he resigned from politics and accepted the position as the Norwegian Development Agency's representative in Mozambique. He also resumed his journalistic career, acting as an editor for the party newspaper Ny Tid.", "Q464392": "The Epoxies were an American new wave band from Portland, Oregon, formed in 2000. Heavily influenced by new wave, the band jokingly described themselves as robot garage rock. Members included FM Static on synthesizers, guitarist Viz Spectrum, lead singer Roxy Epoxy, bass guitarist Shock Diode, and drummer Ray Cathode. They grew in popularity due in large part to extensive touring in both the United States and Europe where they showcased frantically paced, highly energetic on-stage productions. They were known for using special effects for their live act and sporting home-made costumes, sometimes made mostly of duct tape.\nThe group's music is a novel synthesis of punk rock and new wave but their lyrics are strictly focused on science fiction themes, Atomic Age futurism, alienation and consumerism. Robots, androids, clones and nuclear weapons all figure prominently in the Epoxies' lyrics.", "Q66788": "Wartau is a municipality in the Werdenberg constituency of the Swiss canton of St. Gallen.\nThe municipality consists of a number of villages on the eastern flank of the Alvier group, along the left shore of the Alpine Rhine.", "Q18242": "Mar\u00eda Ignacia Ben\u00edtez (1 August 1958 \u2013 28 February 2019) was the Chilean Minister of the Environment, between 2010 and 2014.\n\n", "Q241361": "Ilya Zhitomirskiy (12 October 1989 \u2013 12 November 2011) was a Russian-American software developer and entrepreneur. Zhitomirskiy was a co-founder and developer of the Diaspora social network and the Diaspora free software that powers it.\n\n", "Q230598": "Jean Rhys, (; born Ella Gwendolyn Rees Williams (24 August 1890 \u2013 14 May 1979), was a mid-20th-century novelist who was born and grew up in the Caribbean island of Dominica. From the age of 16, she was mainly resident in England, where she was sent for her education. She is best known for her novel Wide Sargasso Sea (1966), written as a prequel to Charlotte Bront\u00eb's Jane Eyre. In 1978 she was awarded the Order of the British Empire for her writing.", "Q761534": "The University of Georgia (UGA or Georgia) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia. Founded in 1785, it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States.The university is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity,\" and as having \"more selective\" undergraduate admissions, its most selective admissions category, while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the \"Highly Selective\" category, the highest classification. Among public universities, the University of Georgia is one of the nation's top three producers of Rhodes Scholars over the past two decades.In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings, the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin. The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state. The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres (168.10 km2). The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington, DC, as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford, England, at Cortona, Italy, and at Monteverde, Costa Rica.\nStudent life includes almost 800 student organizations including academic associations, honor societies, cultural groups, student government organizations, religious groups, publications, social groups and fraternities, volunteer and community service programs, philanthropic groups, and others. The University of Georgia's intercollegiate sports teams, commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname, compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). In their more than 120-year history, the university's varsity sports teams have won 45 national championships, 264 individual national championships, 170 conference championships, and 45 Olympic medals.The University of Georgia has distinguished alumni and attendees including current and former members of the United States Senate, members of the United States House of Representatives, a member of the Supreme Court of the United States, members of the Cabinet of the United States, U.S. ambassadors, U.S. governors, federal judges, state supreme court justices, attorneys general, and members of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, chairmen and chief executive officers (CEOs) of Fortune 500 companies, banks, and charitable organizations, plus many scholars including Rhodes Scholars, Gates Cambridge Scholars, Marshall Scholars, Boren Scholars, and MacArthur Fellows (the \"Genius Grant\") winners, as well as Pulitzer Prize winners, a United States Poet Laureate, Peabody Award winners, The New York Times Best Seller list authors, Emmy Award winners, Grammy Award winners, inventors and entrepreneurs, prominent attorneys, medical doctors, scientists, and academics.", "Q89229": "International Marimba Soloist, Bogdan Bacanu (born 1975 in Bucharest, Romania) became a professor for marimba at the famous Anton Bruckner Private University in Linz (Austria) at just 23 years old of age.", "Q318566": "S\u00f8ren Larsen (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u0153\u02d0\u0250n \u02c8l\u0251\u02d0sn\u0329]; born 6 September 1981) is a Danish retired professional football striker. He was a strong player with a decent header and good sense of positioning.", "Q91466": "Adam von Bodenstein (1528\u20131577) was a Swiss Paracelsian alchemist and physician. He was born in Kemberg near Wittenberg in Germany and died of the plague in Basel. His father, Andreas Rudolph Bodenstein von Karlstadt, was a prominent theologian and early Protestant opponent of Martin Luther.\nAs the guiding force of early German Paracelsianism, Bodenstein published over forty Paracelsian titles from 1560, which had a tremendous influence on the later development of Paracelsianism. Since he published these texts without the knowledge of the Basel medical faculty, he was expelled from \"Facultet und Consilio\u201c of the Basel University. Bodenstein also became, with Gerhard Dorn, Johannes Oporinus, and Michael Toxites, the most influential translator of the works of Paracelsus.", "Q65281": "G\u00fcnther Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Pancke (1 May 1899 \u2013 17 August 1973) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era who served as Higher SS and Police Leader of Denmark.", "Q255314": "Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Weapon (1942) is the fourth in the Basil Rathbone/Nigel Bruce series of 14 Sherlock Holmes films which updated the characters created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle to the then present day. The film is credited as an adaptation of Conan Doyle's short story \"The Adventure of the Dancing Men,\" though the only element from the source material is the dancing men code. Rather, it is a spy film taking place on the background of the then ongoing Second World War with an original premise. The film concerns the kidnapping of a Swiss scientist by their nemesis Professor Moriarty, to steal a new bomb sight and sell it to Nazi Germany. Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John Watson have to crack a secret code in order to save the country. The film is one of four films in the series which are in the public domain.", "Q580014": "Gaius Julius Antiochus IV Epiphanes (Ancient Greek: \u0393\u03ac\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f38\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f40 \u1f18\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2, before 17 AD \u2013 after 72 AD), the last king of Commagene, reigned between 38\u201372 as a client king to the Roman Empire. The epithet \"Epiphanes\" means \"the Glorious\".", "Q6908463": "Moorpark College is a public community college in Moorpark, California. It was established in 1967 with enrollment of 2,500 students and enrolled 14,254 students in 2014. An Exotic Animal Training and Management center houses over 200 animals on campus.", "Q382458": "The Regional Municipality of Halton, or Halton Region, is a regional municipality in Ontario, Canada, located in the Golden Horseshoe of Southern Ontario. It comprises the city of Burlington and the towns of Oakville, Milton, and Halton Hills. The region provides policing by the Halton Regional Police Service. The regional council's headquarters are located in Oakville. Burlington and Oakville are largely urban and suburban, while the towns of Milton and Halton Hills are more rural.\nHalton is part of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), although it is the only regional municipality in the GTA that is not situated directly adjacent to Toronto\u2019s city proper. However, the region is split between the census metropolitan areas (CMAs) of Toronto and Hamilton. Burlington is part of the Hamilton CMA, while the rest of the region is part of the Toronto CMA.\nHalton experienced a growth rate of 17.1% between 2001 and 2006, and 14.2% between 2006 and 2011, giving it one of the highest growth rates in the country. Despite the unprecedented growth in residential development, agriculture and protected lands along the Niagara Escarpment are still the predominant land uses in the region. Halton has been ranked by Maclean's national crime ranking report as being the \"safest place to live\" in the GTA and one of the top five in Canada.\n\n", "Q111288": "Ilse Pag\u00e9 (29 May 1939 \u2013 19 June 2017) was a German film and television actress.", "Q440224": "Olimpia Cavalli (30 August 1930 \u2013 29 March 2012) was an Italian actress.Born in Cadeo, she was mainly active between the late fifties and mid-sixties. After being a star on avanspettacolo alongside Erminio Macario, she made her film debut in 1959 in the comedy La cambiale by Camillo Mastrocinque. After a number of films, including Roberto Rossellini's Vanina Vanini, Dino Risi's The Thursday, Sergio Corbucci's The Two Marshals and Ugo Tognazzi's His Women, in 1966 she married and retired from showbusiness. After a long hiatus, she resumed her activities in 1999, to star in the film L'ultimo volo.", "Q825753": "Bernhard P\u00f6rksen (born 1969) is a German media scholar.", "Q215730": "Johann Joseph G\u00f6rres, since 1839 von G\u00f6rres (25 January 1776 \u2013 29 January 1848), was a German writer, philosopher, theologian, historian and journalist.", "Q72925": "She's the Man is a 2006 American romantic comedy sports film directed by Andy Fickman and starring Amanda Bynes, Channing Tatum, Laura Ramsey. It is inspired by William Shakespeare's play Twelfth Night.The film centers on teenager Viola Hastings, who enters her brother's new boarding school, Illyria Prep, in his place while he tries to break into the music scene in London. Viola pretends to be a boy, in order to play with the boys' soccer team after her team gets cut at her school.", "Q98324": "Willi Becker (January 11, 1918 in Wallmenroth \u2013 January 25, 1977 in D\u00fcsseldorf) was a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party. Because of a disease Becker committed suicide.", "Q34970": "David Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 \u2013 2 March 1930) was an English writer and poet. His collected works represent, among other things, an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation. Some of the issues Lawrence explores are sexuality, emotional health, vitality, spontaneity, and instinct.\nLawrence's opinions earned him many enemies and he endured official persecution, censorship, and misrepresentation of his creative work throughout the second half of his life, much of which he spent in a voluntary exile he called his \"savage pilgrimage\". At the time of his death, his public reputation was that of a pornographer who had wasted his considerable talents. E. M. Forster, in an obituary notice, challenged this widely held view, describing him as \"the greatest imaginative novelist of our generation.\" Later, the literary critic F. R. Leavis championed both his artistic integrity and his moral seriousness.", "Q97017": "Constantin Christian Dedekind (2 April 1628 \u2013 1715) was a German poet, dramatist, librettist, composer and bass singer of the Baroque era.", "Q90778": "Jutta Burggraf (1952 Hildesheim, Germany\u2013 5 November 2010 Pamplona, Spain) was a German Catholic theologian. Burggraf taught at the University of Navarra, where she wrote books and did research. She was a numerary member of Opus Dei.", "Q120055": "William Prince (1772 \u2013 September 8, 1824) was a U.S. Representative from Indiana.Born in Ireland in 1772, Prince immigrated to the United States in 1796 and settled in Indiana.\nHe studied law.\nHe served as Commissioner for Gibson County, Indiana and drew the winning lot to become the county seat's namesake in 1814.\nPrince served in the Indiana Territorial Council. He then served as territorial auditor.\nHe served in the State senate in 1816. Prince also served as state circuit judge.\nHe served as delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1816.\nHe served as captain in the Battle of Tippecanoe.\nHe served as member of the State house of representatives in 1821 and 1822.\nHe was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Eighteenth Congress and served from March 4, 1823, until his death near Princeton, Indiana, September 8, 1824.\nHe was interred in the Old Cemetery, near Princeton.\nPrinceton, Indiana is named for him.", "Q348351": "Lee J. Cobb (born Leo Jacoby; December 8, 1911 \u2013 February 11, 1976) was an American actor. He is best known for his performances in On the Waterfront (1954), 12 Angry Men (1957), and The Exorcist (1973). He also played the role of Willy Loman in the original Broadway production of Arthur Miller's 1949 play Death of a Salesman under the direction of Elia Kazan. On television, Cobb starred in the first four seasons of the Western series The Virginian. He typically played arrogant, intimidating and abrasive characters, but often had roles as respectable figures such as judges and police officers. He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, for The Brothers Karamazov (1958) and On the Waterfront (1954).", "Q53733": "Stig Kjell Olof (Ola) Ullsten (23 June 1931 \u2013 28 May 2018) was a Swedish politician and diplomat who was Prime Minister of Sweden from 1978 to 1979 and leader of the Liberal People's Party from 1978 to 1983. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister briefly in 1978 and then again from 1980 to 1982 and served as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1979 to 1982.", "Q137529": "Bozor Sobir (20 November 1938 \u2013 1 May 2018) was a preeminent Tajik poet and politician, known as the national poet of Tajikistan and 'the conscience of the nation'.\nSobir established his reputation during the Soviet era. His poems, books, and articles have been published throughout the former Soviet Union and translated into Western languages, as well as Farsi, Dari, Uzbek, Slavic languages, and several other languages of the Soviet Republics. His poetry books were also published in Afghanistan and Iran. Sobir's poetic style is known for its imagery, nationalism, patriotism, its inclusion of the history of the Tajik people, and also for its strong political views. Many of his poems have been set to music by various Tajik composers. After his poem We are of Siyovush's Bloodline (Az Khuni Siyovushem) was set to music, it became the de facto Tajikistan national anthem. As a poet, he contributed much to the revival of Tajik national culture after Mikhail Gorbachev's call for perestroika. Many Tajiks know his poems by heart. Sobir is a laureate of a prestigious National Rudaki Poetry Award, Tajikistan's most eminent prize for poetry (1988) and the Star of the President 3rd degree (2013).With the advent of glasnost, Sobir became actively involved in political and cultural movements for an independent national identity. He was one of the founders of the Democratic Party, serving as its deputy leader. The Democratic Party was the secular component of the Democratic-Islamic coalition that governed Tajikistan in 1992, until it was overthrown by pro-communist forces with Russian military support. He was elected a senator in the Supreme Council of Tajikistan, but resigned from this post and remains the only politician to have done so. He also subsequently resigned from the party, reportedly because of a disagreement with the leadership over the growing Islamic elements within the party. A strong proponent of separation of state and religion, Sobir believed religious figures should not engage in politics.\nSobir remains popular in Tajikistan and is the best-known Tajik poet outside the country. Numerous books have been written about him and his poems. A play about his life called A Night Away from Homeland (Shabe Dur Az Vatan) was performed by the Tajik State Theater named after M. Vakhidov, with the role of Sobir played by the Honored Artist of Tajikistan, Abdumumin Sharifi.", "Q233085": "Sarah Jane Hyland (born November 24, 1990) is an American actress. Born in Manhattan, she attended the Professional Performing Arts School, followed by small roles in the films Private Parts (1997), Annie (1999), and Blind Date (2007). Hyland is popularly known for playing the character of Haley Dunphy on the ABC sitcom Modern Family, for which she has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades and nominations, sharing four Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series with her cast members and garnering a Critics' Choice Television Award nomination Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.\nHyland is also known for her roles in the films Geek Charming (2011), Struck by Lightning (2012), Scary Movie 5 (2013), Vampire Academy (2014), See You in Valhalla (2015), XOXO (2016), and Dirty Dancing (2017).", "Q911390": "Brewer Phillips (November 16, 1924 \u2013 August 30, 1999) was an American blues guitarist, chiefly associated with juke joint blues and Chicago blues.\nPhillips was born on a plantation in Coila, Mississippi and learned the blues from Memphis Minnie at an early age. He relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, and played with Bill Harvey, Roosevelt Sykes, and Hound Dog Taylor. Following Taylor's death in 1976, Phillips recorded under his own name and also performed with J. B. Hutto, Lil' Ed Williams, and Cub Koda, among others, playing both acoustic and electric guitar. He recorded for Delmark Records and JSP Records.\nPhillips died of natural causes in Chicago in August 1999, at the age of 74.", "Q255300": "Galina Ivanovna Ustvolskaya (Russian: \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, 17 June 1919, Petrograd \u2013 22 December 2006, Saint Petersburg), was a Russian composer of classical music.", "Q168039": "Philippe, Knight Herreweghe (born 2 May 1947, in Ghent) is a Belgian conductor.", "Q213355": "John Dryden (; 19 August [O.S. 9 August] 1631 \u2013 12 May [O.S. 1 May] 1700) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who was made England's first Poet Laureate in 1668.He is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Dryden. Romanticist writer Sir Walter Scott called him \"Glorious John\".", "Q494707": "Corona (Spanish for ''Crown'') is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 152,374, up from 124,966 at the 2000 census. The cities of Norco and Riverside lie to the north and northeast, Chino Hills and Yorba Linda to the northwest, and the Cleveland National Forest and the Santa Ana Mountains to the southwest, and unincorporated Riverside County along the rest of the border, respectively. Corona is approximately 48 miles (77 km) southeast of Los Angeles and 95 miles (153 km) north-northwest of San Diego.\nCorona, located along the western edge of Southern California's Inland Empire region, is known as the \"Circle City\" due to Grand Boulevard's 3-mile (5 km) circular layout. It is one of the most residential cities in the Inland Empire, but also has a large industrial portion on the northern half. It is the headquarters of companies such as Fender Musical Instruments Corporation, Monster Beverage Corporation, and supercar manufacturer Saleen.", "Q2519376": "Jewellery design is the art or profession of designing and creating jewellery. This is one of civilization's earliest forms of decoration, dating back at least seven thousand years to the oldest known human societies in Mesopotamia and Egypt. The art has taken many forms throughout the centuries, from the simple beadwork of ancient times to the sophisticated metalworking and gem cutting known in the modern day.Before an article of jewellery is created, design concepts are rendered followed by detailed technical drawings generated by a jewellery designer, a professional who is trained in the architectural and functional knowledge of materials, fabrication techniques, composition, wearability and market trends.\nTraditional hand-drawing and drafting methods are still utilized in designing jewellery, particularly at the conceptual stage. However, a shift is taking place to computer-aided design programs like Rhinoceros 3D and Matrix. Whereas the traditionally hand-illustrated jewel is typically translated into wax or metal directly by a skilled craftsman, a CAD model is generally used as the basis for a CNC cut or 3D printed 'wax' pattern to be used in the rubber molding or lost wax casting processes.Once conceptual/ideation is complete, the design is rendered and fabricated using the necessary materials for proper adaptation to the function of the object. For example, 24K gold was used in ancient jewellery design because it was more accessible than silver as source material. Before the 1st century many civilizations also incorporated beads into jewellery. Once the discovery of gemstones and gem cutting became more readily available, the art of jewellery ornamentation and design shifted. The earliest documented gemstone cut was done by Theophilus Presbyter (c. 1070\u20131125), who practiced and developed many applied arts and was a known goldsmith. Later, during the 14th century, medieval lapidary technology evolved to include cabochons and cameos.Early jewellery design commissions were often constituted by nobility or the church to honor an event or as wearable ornamentation. Within the structure of early methods, enameling and repouss\u00e9 became standard methods for creating ornamental wares to demonstrate wealth, position, or power. These early techniques created a specific complex design element that later would forge the Baroque movement in jewellery design.Traditionally, jewels were seen as sacred and precious; however, beginning in the 1900s, jewellery has started to be objectified. Additionally, no one trend can be seen as the history of jewellery design for this time period. Throughout the twentieth century jewellery design underwent drastic and continual style changes: Art Nouveau (1900\u20131918), Art Deco (1919\u20131929), International Style & organicism (1929\u20131946), New Look & Pop (1947\u20131967), Globalization, Materialism, and Minimalism. Jewellery design trends are highly affected by the economic and social states of the time. The boundaries of styles and trends tend to blur together and the clear stylistic divisions of the past are harder to see during the twentieth century.", "Q359248": "Gy\u00f6rgy Jendrassik (1898 Budapest \u2013 1954 London) was a Hungarian physicist and mechanical engineer.\nJendrassik completed his education at Budapest's J\u00f3zsef Technical University, then at the University of Berlin attended lectures of the famous physicists Einstein and Planck. In 1922 he obtained his diploma in mechanical engineering in Budapest. From 1927 he worked at Ganz Rt, where he helped to develop diesel engines, of which the first few pieces were made with single and double cylinders; later, the 4- and 6-cylinder four-stroke versions were developed, without compression and with mixing chamber.\nLater on he worked on gas turbines and in order to speed up research, he established the Invention Development and Marketing Co. Ltd. in 1936. The next year he ran an experimental gas turbine engine of 100 hp.He next began work on a turboprop engine, which would emerge as the CS-1 prototype, produced and tested in the Ganz works in Budapest. Of axial-flow design with 15-stage compressor and 7-stage turbine, it incorporated many modern features. With predicted output of 1,000 bhp at 13,500 rpm the Cs-1 stirred interest in the Hungarian aircraft industry with its potential to power a modern generation of high-performance aircraft, and construction was begun of a twin-engined fighter-bomber, the Varga RMI-1 X/H, to be powered by it. Its first bench run took place in 1940, making it the world's first turboprop engine to run. However combustion problems were experienced which limited the output to around 400 bhp. Development was discontinued in 1941 when agreement was reached to manufacture the Daimler-Benz DB 605 engine in Hungary.Jendrassik's reputation continued to grow, and he became the factory's managing director from 1942 to 1945. In recognition of his scientific work he was elected in 1943 corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. After the war he was not able to continue developing gas turbines. Political distrust surrounded him, and therefore he did not return from one of his travels abroad. He lived in Argentina for a while, then settled in England, where he established his own workshop, becoming in addition a consultant to the Power Jets company. The number of his inventions on record in Hungary is 77. His last invention of great importance was the pressure-compensating device.", "Q54048": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw I \u0141okietek, also known as W\u0142adys\u0142aw I the Elbow-high or the Short (Polish: W\u0142adys\u0142aw I \u0141okietek; c. 1260 \u2013 2 March 1333) was the King of Poland from 1320 to 1333, and duke of several of the provinces and principalities in the preceding years. He was a member of the Piast family of rulers, son of Duke Casimir I of Kujawy, and great-grandson of King Casimir II the Just. He inherited a small portion of his father's lands, but his dominion grew as some of his brothers died young. He tried to add the Duchy of Krakow (the Seniorate Province) in 1289, after the death of his half-brother Leszek II the Black and the withdrawal from contention of his ally Boles\u0142aw II of Masovia, but was unsuccessful. After a period in exile during the rule of Wenceslas II, W\u0142adys\u0142aw regained some duchies after Wenceslas\u2019 death, and then Krakow in 1306 after the murder of Wenceslas III. He temporarily took control of part of Greater Poland after the death of his ally Przemys\u0142 II, lost it, and then regained it later on. He conquered Gdansk Pomerania, and left it to familial governors. For the defense of this territory, he turned to the Teutonic Knights, who then demanded an exorbitant sum or the land itself as an alternative. This led to an extended battle with the Knights, which was not resolved after either a papal trial or W\u0142adys\u0142aw's own death. Perhaps his greatest achievement was gaining papal permission to be crowned king of Poland in 1320, which occurred for the first time at Wawel Cathedral in Krakow. W\u0142adys\u0142aw died in 1333 and was succeeded by his more renowned son, Casimir III the Great.", "Q215724": "Heinrich Hoffmann (June 13, 1809 \u2013 September 20, 1894) was a German psychiatrist, who also wrote some short works including Der Struwwelpeter, an illustrated book portraying children misbehaving.", "Q938702": "Senel Paz (born 1950) is a Cuban author and screenwriter.\nHe was born in Fomento, Sancti Sp\u00edritus. He is best known for his short story The Wolf, the Forest and the New Man, for which he was awarded the Juan Rulfo Prize and which he subsequently adapted into the screenplay for Tomas Gutierrez Alea's celebrated movie Strawberry and Chocolate (1994).", "Q88123": "Boris S. Kerner (born 1947) is the pioneer of three phase traffic theory.", "Q106938": "Christian K\u00fchn (born 9 April 1979) is a German politician. Born in T\u00fcbingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, he represents the Alliance 90/The Greens. Christian K\u00fchn has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg since 2013.", "Q400614": "Georgi Ivanovich Burkov (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432; 31 May 1933 \u2013 19 July 1990) was a Soviet and Russian film actor. He appeared in 70 films between 1967 and 1988. He died on 19 July 1990 at the age of 57 due to thrombosis.", "Q353003": "Lambertus Jacobus Johannes \"Bertus\" Aafjes (May 12, 1914 \u2013 April 23, 1993) was a Dutch poet whose work is marked by his devout Catholicism.\nHe wrote a five-book series featuring Japanese samurai \u014coka Tadasuke.Aafjes was born in Amsterdam. He wrote poems on the resistance to the German occupation during World War II.\nHe was married and the father of 3 daughters and 1 son. He died in Venlo.\nAafjes also scripted the comics Mannetje Bagatel (1946) and Kleine Isar, de Vierde Koning (1962) for Eppo Doeve\n, as well as Peter-kersen-eter (1943) and De Vrolijke Vaderlandse Geschiedenis (1948) for Piet Worm.", "Q486303": "Yu Kil-chun (1856\u20131914) was an intellectual, writer, politician and independence activist of Korea's late Joseon Dynasty. He was also the first modern Hangeul researcher and the author of a book of travel impressions: Seoyu gyeonmun (\uc11c\uc720\uacac\ubb38, \u897f\u904a\u898b\u805e) (\"Observations on Travels in the West\"). This work included the important philosophical essay, \"Levels of Enlightenment.\" He was cherished as the \"ideal Korean patriot\" by the independence activist Ahn Chang-ho.", "Q211542": "Arto Tapio Paasilinna (20 April 1942 \u2013 15 October 2018) was a Finnish writer, being a former journalist turned comic novelist. One of Finland's most successful novelists, he won a broad readership outside of Finland in a way few other Finnish authors have before. Translated into 27 languages, over seven million copies of his books have been sold worldwide, and he has been claimed as \"instrumental in generating the current level of interest in books from Finland\".Paasilinna is mostly known for his 1975 novel The Year of the Hare (J\u00e4niksen vuosi), a bestseller in France and Finland, translated into 18 languages, awarded three international prizes, and adapted twice into feature films.\nArto Paasilinna's brothers are the writers Erno Paasilinna, Reino Paasilinna and Mauri Paasilinna.", "Q201751": "Ralph Edward Flanders (September 28, 1880 \u2013 February 19, 1970) was an American mechanical engineer, industrialist and Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Vermont. He grew up on subsistence farms in Vermont and Rhode Island and was an apprentice machinist and draftsman before training as a mechanical engineer. He spent five years in New York City as an editor for a machine tool magazine. After moving back to Vermont, he managed and then became president of a successful machine tool company. Flanders used his experience as an industrialist to advise state and national commissions in Vermont, New England and Washington, D.C. on industrial and economic policy. He was president of the Boston Federal Reserve Bank for two years before being elected U.S. Senator from Vermont.\nFlanders was noted for introducing a 1954 motion in the Senate to censure Senator Joseph McCarthy. McCarthy had made sensational claims that there were large numbers of Communists and Soviet spies and sympathizers inside the federal government and elsewhere. He used his Senate committee as a nationally televised forum for attacks on individuals whom he accused. Flanders felt that McCarthy's attacks distracted the nation from a much greater threat of Communist successes elsewhere in the world and that they had the effect of creating division and confusion within the United States, to the advantage of its enemies. Ultimately, McCarthy's tactics and his inability to substantiate his claims led to his being discredited and censured by the United States Senate.", "Q248437": "Samuel Georg Simeon Wennberg (3 October 1836, Trondheim \u2013 19 October 1908, Balsfjord) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.\nHe was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1877, representing the constituency of Troms\u00f8 Amt. He worked as a merchant there, later police sergeant. He was re-elected in 1880 and 1883.", "Q112795": "Paul Hensel (3 October 1867 \u2013 8 January 1944) was a German Lutheran theologian and politician.", "Q11507234": "Nippon Sport Science University (\u65e5\u672c\u4f53\u80b2\u5927\u5b66, Nippon taiiku daigaku), abbreviated as Nittaidai (\u65e5\u4f53\u5927) is a private university in Setagaya, Tokyo and Aoba-ku, Yokohama. The precursor of the school was founded in 1893, and it was chartered as a university in 1949. The school is known for the many famous athletes among its alumni.", "Q41323": "American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada and also known as gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end. The offense, the team with possession of the oval-shaped football, attempts to advance down the field by running with the ball or passing it, while the defense, the team without possession of the ball, aims to stop the offense's advance and to take control of the ball for themselves. The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs or plays; if they fail, they turn over the football to the defense, but if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs to continue the drive. Points are scored primarily by advancing the ball into the opposing team's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent's goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins.\nAmerican football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of soccer and rugby. The first American football match was played on November 6, 1869, between two college teams, Rutgers and Princeton, using rules based on the rules of soccer at the time. A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp, the \"Father of American Football\", established the snap, the line of scrimmage, eleven-player teams, and the concept of downs. Later rule changes legalized the forward pass, created the neutral zone and specified the size and shape of the football. The sport is closely related to Canadian football, which evolved in parallel with and at the same time as the American game (although their rules were developed independently from that of Camp's). Most of the features that distinguish American football from rugby and soccer are also present in Canadian football. The two sports are considered the primary variants of gridiron football.\nAmerican football is the most popular sport in the United States. The most popular forms of the game are professional and college football, with the other major levels being high school and youth football. As of 2012, nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually. The National Football League, the most popular American football league, has the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world. Its championship game, the Super Bowl, ranks among the most-watched club sporting events in the world. The league has an annual revenue of around US$10 billion. Other leagues exist worldwide, but the sport does not have the international popularity of other American sports like baseball or basketball.", "Q1985092": "Russian Translation (Russian: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434) is a 2007 Russian TV miniseries, based on the novel The Journalist by Andrey Konstantinov (1996).The plot is set in the 1980s and follows Soviet military advisors and translators working in Arab countries, specifically in Yemen and Libya.", "Q125139": "Benjamin Henry Sheares (12 August 1907 \u2013 12 May 1981) was a Singaporean politician. He is the 2nd President of Singapore & the commander-in-chief of the Singapore Armed Forces from 1970 to 1981. He was chosen by the Parliament of Singapore to be President of Singapore when former president Yusof Ishak stepped down from the position. Sheares was sworn in as president on 12 August 1970.\nSheares retired in 1960 and was in private practice before being elected by parliament as president after President Yusof Ishak died on 23 November 1970. He served as president for three terms from 2 January 1971 until his death on 12 May 1981. The Benjamin Sheares Bridge and Sheares Hall hostel at the National University of Singapore was named after him.", "Q528832": "James Shelton Voss (born March 3, 1949) is a retired United States Army Colonel and NASA astronaut. During his time with NASA, Voss flew in space five times on board the Space Shuttle and International Space Station. He also served as deputy of Flight Operations for the Space Station Program Mission Integration and Operations Office. While participating in ISS Expedition 2, he and Susan Helms conducted an 8-hour and 56 minute spacewalk, the longest to date.\nHe is a Scholar in Residence at the University of Colorado.", "Q571947": "The district of Bautzen (German: 'Landkreis Bautzen', Upper Sorbian: 'Wokrjes Budy\u0161in') is a district in the state of Saxony in Germany. Its largest towns are Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Kamenz, Hoyerswerda and Radeberg. It is the biggest district in Saxony in area, and is a member of the Neisse Euroregion.\nIt is bordered to the south by the Czech Republic. Clockwise, it also borders the district of S\u00e4chsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge, the district-free city of Dresden, the district of Mei\u00dfen, the state of Brandenburg, and G\u00f6rlitz district", "Q1621467": "Symphonic black metal is a sub-genre of black metal that emerged in the 1990s and incorporates symphonic and orchestral elements. Notable symphonic black metal bands include Dimmu Borgir, Emperor and Carach Angren.", "Q3369085": "Patricia C. Dunn (March 27, 1953 \u2013 December 4, 2011) was the non-executive chairman of the board of Hewlett-Packard (HP) from February 2005 until September 22, 2006, when she resigned her position. \nOn October 4, 2006, Bill Lockyer, the California attorney general, charged Dunn with four felonies for her role in the HP spying scandal. Some members of the press reported that Dunn had been scapegoated. On March 14, 2007, California Superior Court Judge Ray Cunningham dismissed the charges against her in the \"interest of justice\".", "Q85361": "Jenny Erpenbeck (born 1967) is a German writer and opera director, recipient of the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize.", "Q557758": "Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan (; n\u00e9 O'Meara; born 30 March 1965) is an English broadcaster, journalist, writer, and television personality. He is currently a co-presenter of the ITV Breakfast programme Good Morning Britain from Monday to Wednesday each week.\nMorgan began his career in Fleet Street as a writer and editor for several tabloid papers, including The Sun, News of the World, and the Daily Mirror. In 1994, aged 29, he was appointed editor of the News of the World by Rupert Murdoch, which made him the youngest editor of a British national newspaper in more than half a century. On television, he hosted Piers Morgan Live on CNN from 2011 to 2014, replacing Larry King Live in the timeslot following King's retirement. He was a judge on America's Got Talent and Britain's Got Talent. In 2008, Morgan won the seventh season of the US Celebrity Apprentice. In the UK, he has presented Piers Morgan's Life Stories since 2009, and Good Morning Britain since 2015. Morgan has written eight books, including four volumes of memoirs.\nWhile working at Daily Mirror, he was in charge during the period that the paper was implicated in the phone hacking scandal. In 2011, Morgan denied having ever hacked a phone or \"to my knowledge published any story obtained from the hacking of a phone\". In 2012, he was criticised in the findings of the Leveson Inquiry by chair Brian Leveson who stated that comments made in Morgan's testimony about phone hacking were \"utterly unpersuasive\" and \"that he was aware that it was taking place in the press as a whole and that he was sufficiently unembarrassed by what was criminal behaviour that he was prepared to joke about it\".", "Q71586": "Eduard Baltzer (24 October 1814 \u2013 24 June 1887) was the founder of the first German vegetarian society.\n\n", "Q104849": "Julia Dahmen (born 2 April 1978 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German television actress. She is most noted for her role as Constanze Riemer in the soap opera Marienhof.\nShe is the daughter of the actors Karlheinz Lemken and Andrea Dahmen.\n\n", "Q584500": "Sir Ludovic Henry Coverley Kennedy (3 November 1919 \u2013 18 October 2009) was a Scottish journalist, broadcaster, humanist and author best known for re-examining cases such as the Lindbergh kidnapping and the murder convictions of Timothy Evans and Derek Bentley, and for his role in the abolition of the death penalty in the United Kingdom.", "Q355314": "John Francis Welch Jr. (November 19, 1935 \u2013 March 1, 2020) was an American business executive, chemical engineer, and writer. He was chairman and CEO of General Electric (GE) between 1981 and 2001.\nWhen he retired from GE he received a severance payment of $417 million, the largest such payment in business history.\nIn 2006, Welch's net worth was estimated at $720 million.", "Q305523": "Issei Sagawa (\u4f50\u5ddd \u4e00\u653f, Sagawa Issei, born April 26, 1949), also known as Pang, is a Japanese man who, while living in Paris in 1981, killed and cannibalized a Dutch woman. He was released after two years of pre-trial detention upon being found legally insane.", "Q549566": "Torben Hoffmann (born 27 October 1974) is a German football former defender.Hoffmann works as a field reporter for Sky Sport News HD as a field reporter in Southern Germany and Austria.Hoffmann is married with two daughters. The family resides in Munich.\n\n", "Q153911": "Louis-Antoine, Comte de Bougainville (French: [bu\u0261\u025b\u0303vil]; 12 November 1729 \u2013 31 August 1811) was a French admiral and explorer. A contemporary of the British explorer James Cook, he took part in the Seven Years' War in North America and the American Revolutionary War against Britain. Bougainville later gained fame for his expeditions, including circumnavigation of the globe in a scientific expedition in 1763, the first recorded settlement on the Falkland Islands, and voyages into the Pacific Ocean. Bougainville Island of Papua New Guinea as well as the Bougainvillea flower were named after him.", "Q257271": "Loretta Devine (born August 21, 1949) is an American actress and singer, best known for her roles as Marla Hendricks in the Fox drama series Boston Public, and for her recurring role as Adele Webber on the medical drama Grey's Anatomy, for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2011. She had a role in the series Everybody Hates Chris as Rochelle's mother. In film, Devine appeared in Waiting to Exhale, The Preacher's Wife, Hoodlum, I Am Sam, Urban Legend, What Women Want, Kingdom Come, Crash, Woman Thou Art Loosed, Class Act, For Colored Girls, This Christmas, First Sunday, Beverly Hills Chihuahua and Jumping the Broom. She also played Cynthia Carmichael on the NBC sitcom The Carmichael Show.", "Q47034": "Espoo (Finnish: [\u02c8espo\u02d0]; Swedish: Esbo [\u02c8\u025b\u030cs\u02d0b\u0254], Finland Swedish: [\u02c8es\u02d0bo] (listen)) is the second largest city and municipality in Finland. It is part of the Finnish Capital Region, along with the cities of Helsinki, Vantaa, and Kauniainen, and most of its population lives in the inner urban core of the Helsinki metropolitan area. Espoo shares its eastern border with Helsinki and Vantaa, while enclosing Kauniainen. Other bordering municipalities of Espoo are Nurmij\u00e4rvi and Vihti in the north, and Kirkkonummi in the west. The city is located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, in the region of Uusimaa, and has a population of 284,444.Espoo encompasses 528 square kilometres (204 sq mi), of which 312 km2 (120 sq mi) is land. The national park of Nuuksio is situated in northwestern Espoo.\nEspoo does not have a traditional city center, having instead several local regional centers. Espoo is thus divided into seven major areas (Finnish: suuralueet, Swedish: storomr\u00e5den): Vanha-Espoo (with administrative center), Suur-Espoonlahti, Pohjois-Espoo, Suur-Kauklahti, Suur-Lepp\u00e4vaara, Suur-Matinkyl\u00e4, and Suur-Tapiola.\nAalto University is based in Otaniemi, Espoo, along with a thriving science community that includes numerous startups and organizations such as VTT \u2013 the Technical Research Center of Finland. Several major companies are based in Espoo, including Nokia, HMD Global, Tieto, KONE, Neste, Fortum, Orion Corporation, Outokumpu, and Foreca, as well as video game developers Rovio and Remedy Entertainment.\nThe city of Espoo is officially bilingual. The majority of the population, 83.6%, speaks Finnish as their mother tongue, while a minority of 8.3% speaks Swedish. 8% of Espoo's population has a first language other than Finnish or Swedish.", "Q114482": "Bruno Maria Adler (14 October 1888 \u2013 27 December 1968) was a German art historian and writer. He taught art history in Weimar and lectured about it at the Bauhaus. Adler fled Germany after the Nazis seized power and emigrated to England, where he worked first at a German-Jewish refugee school in Kent, then as a writer with the German Service of BBC Radio.", "Q93503": "Friedrich Wolfgang \"Fritz\" Adler (9 July 1879 \u2013 2 January 1960) was an Austrian socialist politician and revolutionary. He is perhaps best known for his assassination of Minister-President Karl von St\u00fcrgkh in 1916.", "Q88645": "Paul Greifzu (7 April 1902 in Suhl \u2013 10 May 1952 in Dessau) was a German motorsport racer and constructor from Suhl. He was successful before and after World War II with motorcycles and sports cars. He also made Formula Two cars labeled under his own name.\nAfter having won several races in 1951, Greifzu was killed in practice at Dessau for an event held on a stretch of Autobahn in East Germany.\nRudolf Krause drove one of Greifzu's BMW-powered Formula Two cars for the 1953 German Grand Prix, entered by Dora Greifzu. He finished in 14th place, two laps behind the winning car.", "Q158844": "L\u00e9on Joseph Marie Ignace Degrelle (French: [d\u0259g\u0281\u025bl]; 15 June 1906 \u2013 31 March 1994) was a Belgian politician and one of the most important Nazi collaborators and Holocaust denialists from Belgium. Degrelle rose to prominence in the 1930s as the leader of the Catholic authoritarian Rexist Party in Belgium. During the German occupation in World War II, he enlisted in the German army and fought in the Walloon Legion on the Eastern Front. After the collapse of the Nazi regime, Degrelle went into exile in Francoist Spain where he remained a prominent figure in neo-Nazi politics. He died nearly 40 years after being sentenced to death and losing his Belgian nationality for collaboration in 1944.", "Q803780": "William Hallissey Sullivan Jr. (September 13, 1915 \u2013 February 23, 1998) was an American businessman who owned the Boston Patriots franchise from their inception in the American Football League (AFL, 1960\u20131969) until their sale, as the New England Patriots of the NFL, to Victor Kiam in 1988.", "Q159582": "Alexander Ivanovich Pokryshkin (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0301\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d; 19 March [O.S. 6 March] 1913 \u2013 13 November 1985) was one of the highest-scoring Soviet aces, and earned the title Hero of the Soviet Union three times: 24 May 1943, 24 August 1943, and 19 August 1944. After the war he reached the rank of Marshal of Aviation.\nDuring the war he strongly promoted the training in and use of improved aerial combat techniques that included vertical maneuvers that newer fighter aircraft were capable of carrying out, and he spent much of his time studying aerobatics for combat situations.\n\n", "Q1381432": "Felton Perry (born September 11, 1945) is an American actor. He is most notable for his roles as Deputy Obrah Eaker in the 1973 movie Walking Tall, and as Inspector Early Smith in the 1973 movie Magnum Force, the second film in the Dirty Harry series. Felton's other well-known role is in the 1987 science fiction movie RoboCop as Donald Johnson, an executive at the corporation Omni Consumer Products (OCP). He reprised his role as Johnson in the sequels RoboCop 2 (1990) and RoboCop 3 (1993).\nPerry is also a playwright known for such plays as Buy the Bi and Bye which in 1976 the Progress Bulletin called an \"offbeat and hilarious black satire with a zinging performance by Ron Thompson.\"", "Q215042": "Anton Matthias Sprickmann (7 September 1749 \u2013 22 November 1833) was a German writer and lawyer. He was born and died in M\u00fcnster.", "Q383034": "Afghan Breakdown (Russian: \u0410\u0444\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c, translit. Afganskiy Izlom) is a 1991 war drama film about the Soviet\u2013Afghan War directed by Vladimir Bortko and co-produced by Italy and the Soviet Union (Lenfilm). Michele Placido plays the protagonist, Major Bandura, a commander of a unit of Soviet paratroopers, co-starring with several popular Soviet actors.\nThe movie is still regarded by many movie critics as the best account of the war, despite newer box-office hits such as The 9th Company. Director Vladimir Bortko invited Mikhail Leshchinskiy (a Soviet TV war reporter who worked in Afghanistan for 4.5 years) as a co-writer and visited Kabul and Kandahar in 1988 to research on the ground.", "Q4533605": "South Russia or South of Russia (Russian: \u042e\u0433 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0438, Yug Rossii) was a short-lived state that existed in Eastern Europe during the Southern Front of the Russian Civil War from 1919 to 1920.\nSouth Russia was established on 8 January 1919 by the White movement after reorganization of their armed forces in the Southern Front, consisting of territory under their control in Ukraine, Crimea, Kuban, the North Caucasus, Black Earth region, Lower Volga, and the Don region. South Russia was an anti-Bolshevik military state under the Armed Forces of South Russia led by General Anton Denikin, and its borders were undefined, changing based on victories or defeats against the Red Army. In March 1920, Denikin established the South Russian Government in Novorossiysk, an attempt at a civil government with the General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia serving as the legislative body. Less than a month later, the Whites were forced to evacuate from Novorossiysk, the Armed Forces of South Russia and the South Russian Government were dissolved. Denikin resigned and delegated power to General Pyotr Wrangel, who established the new Government of South Russia in Sevastopol and the new Russian Army, commonly known as the Army of Wrangel in April.\nDuring mid-1920, South Russia's territory had receded to the White stronghold on Crimea, a highly defensible location that had repelled several Red offensives. The Whites were defeated at the Siege of Perekop in November 1920, losing the highly strategic Perekop Isthmus and leaving Crimea vulnerable to Red invasion. Wrangel ordered the evacuation of Crimea, effectively ending his government and the Southern Front in Red Victory. South Russia ceased to exist after the Red conquest of Crimea, and its territory was absorbed by Soviet Russia, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, and the Black Army.\nIn Soviet historiography, South Russia was called the White South or White South of Russia, in reference to the concept of the White Army.", "Q43252": "Sofia Villani Scicolone (Italian: [so\u02c8fi\u02d0a vil\u02c8la\u02d0ni \u0283iko\u02c8lo\u02d0ne]; born 20 September 1934), known professionally as Sophia Loren (Italian: [\u02c8l\u0254\u02d0ren], English: ), is an Italian actress. She is one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood.\nEncouraged to enroll in acting lessons after entering a beauty pageant, Loren began her film career at age 16 in 1950. She appeared in several bit parts and minor roles in the early part of the decade, until her five-picture contract with Paramount in 1956 launched her international career. Notable film appearances around this time include The Pride and the Passion, Houseboat, and It Started in Naples.\nLoren's performance as Cesira in the movie Two Women (1961) directed by Vittorio De Sica earned her the Academy Award for Best Actress, making her the first actor or actress to win an Oscar for a foreign-language performance. She holds the record for having earned six David di Donatello Awards for Best Actress: Two Women; Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow (1963); Marriage Italian Style (1964) (for which she was nominated for a second Oscar); Sunflower (1970); The Voyage (1974); and A Special Day (1977). After starting a family in the early 1970s, Loren chose to make rarer film appearances. Most recently, she has appeared in American films such as Grumpier Old Men (1995) and Nine (2009). For Nine she received the Satellite Award for Best Cast together with the ensemble cast.\nShe has also won a Grammy Award, five special Golden Globes (including the Cecil B. DeMille Award), a BAFTA Award, a Laurel Award, the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival, the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival and the Honorary Academy Award in 1991. In 1995, she received the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievements, one of many such awards. In 1999, Loren was named by the American Film Institute the 21st greatest female star of Classic Hollywood Cinema. She is currently the only living actress and the highest ranked living person on the list.", "Q2997878": "Frank R. Kassela (born February 26, 1968) is an American professional poker player from Germantown, Tennessee now residing in Las Vegas, who is a three-time World Series of Poker bracelet winner. He won two bracelets at the 2010 World Series of Poker, first in the $10,000 Seven Card Stud Hi-Low Split-8 or Better Championship event and second in the $2,500 Razz event. and earned the 2010 WSOP Player of the Year Award. He won his third bracelet at the $1,500 No Limit 2-7 Lowball Draw.", "Q459007": "Joseph Thomas Morton Jr. (born October 18, 1947) is an American stage, television, and film actor. He worked with film director John Sayles in The Brother from Another Planet (1984), City of Hope (1991) and Lone Star (1996). Other films he appeared in include Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Of Mice and Men (1992), Speed (1994), Apt Pupil (1998), What Lies Beneath (2000), Ali (2001), Paycheck (2003), Stealth (2005), and American Gangster (2007).In 2014, Morton won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series for his role as Eli Pope, Olivia Pope's father, in Scandal, and is known for playing the role of Henry Deacon on the popular TV series Eureka.", "Q7245": "Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 \u2013 April 21, 1910), known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. He was lauded as the \"greatest humorist [the United States] has produced\", and William Faulkner called him \"the father of American literature\". His novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), the latter often called \"The Great American Novel\".\nTwain was raised in Hannibal, Missouri, which later provided the setting for Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. He served an apprenticeship with a printer and then worked as a typesetter, contributing articles to the newspaper of his older brother Orion Clemens. He later became a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River before heading west to join Orion in Nevada. He referred humorously to his lack of success at mining, turning to journalism for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise. His humorous story, \"The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County\", was published in 1865, based on a story that he heard at Angels Hotel in Angels Camp, California, where he had spent some time as a miner. The short story brought international attention and was even translated into French. His wit and satire, in prose and in speech, earned praise from critics and peers, and he was a friend to presidents, artists, industrialists, and European royalty.\nTwain earned a great deal of money from his writings and lectures, but he invested in ventures that lost most of it\u2014such as the Paige Compositor, a mechanical typesetter that failed because of its complexity and imprecision. He filed for bankruptcy in the wake of these financial setbacks, but he eventually overcame his financial troubles with the help of Henry Huttleston Rogers. He eventually paid all his creditors in full, even though his bankruptcy relieved him of having to do so. Twain was born shortly after an appearance of Halley's Comet, and he predicted that he would \"go out with it\" as well; he died the day after the comet returned.", "Q179652": "Steel Panther is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, mostly known for their profane and humorous lyrics, as well as their exaggerated on-stage personae that reenact the stereotypical \"glam metal\" lifestyle.", "Q460686": "Nayla Tueni Maktabi (Arabic: \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u200e) (born 31 August 1982) is a Lebanese journalist and politician. She was a member of the Lebanese Parliament for almost ten years (2009-2018), representing the district of Achrafieh. Tueni is the CEO of one of Lebanon\u2019s most famous newspaper, Annahar.Tueni is a fourth generation journalist. An Nahar was established by her great-grandfather, Gebran Tueni, in 1933. Her grandfather, Ghassan Tueni, ran the newspaper for decades. She is heiress along with her siblings to the newspaper dynasty and currently a member of the Board and the Deputy General Manager of An Nahar. She is also a board trustee of the Mentor Arabia, a non-governmental regional organization that promotes drug prevention and raises awareness on various issues among Arab youth.", "Q9268": "Judaism (originally from Hebrew \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4, Yehudah, \"Judah\"; via Latin and Greek) is an ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenant that God established with the Children of Israel. It encompasses a wide body of texts, practices, theological positions, and forms of organization. The Torah is part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or the Hebrew Bible, and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud. With between 14.5 and 17.4 million adherents worldwide, Judaism is the tenth largest religion in the world.\nWithin Judaism there are a variety of movements, most of which emerged from Rabbinic Judaism, which holds that God revealed his laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of both the Written and Oral Torah. Historically, all or part of this assertion was challenged by various groups such as the Sadducees and Hellenistic Judaism during the Second Temple period; the Karaites and Sabbateans during the early and later medieval period; and among segments of the modern non-Orthodox denominations. Modern branches of Judaism such as Humanistic Judaism may be nontheistic. Today, the largest Jewish religious movements are Orthodox Judaism (Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism), Conservative Judaism, and Reform Judaism. Major sources of difference between these groups are their approaches to Jewish law, the authority of the Rabbinic tradition, and the significance of the State of Israel. Orthodox Judaism maintains that the Torah and Jewish law are divine in origin, eternal and unalterable, and that they should be strictly followed. Conservative and Reform Judaism are more liberal, with Conservative Judaism generally promoting a more traditionalist interpretation of Judaism's requirements than Reform Judaism. A typical Reform position is that Jewish law should be viewed as a set of general guidelines rather than as a set of restrictions and obligations whose observance is required of all Jews. Historically, special courts enforced Jewish law; today, these courts still exist but the practice of Judaism is mostly voluntary. Authority on theological and legal matters is not vested in any one person or organization, but in the sacred texts and the rabbis and scholars who interpret them.Judaism has its roots as an organized religion in the Middle East during the Bronze Age. It evolved from ancient Israelite religions around 500 BCE, and is considered one of the oldest monotheistic religions. The Hebrews and Israelites were already referred to as \"Jews\" in later books of the Tanakh such as the Book of Esther, with the term Jews replacing the title \"Children of Israel\". Judaism's texts, traditions and values strongly influenced later Abrahamic religions, including Christianity, Islam and the Baha'i Faith. Many aspects of Judaism have also directly or indirectly influenced secular Western ethics and civil law. Hebraism was just as important a factor in the ancient era development of Western civilization as Hellenism, and Judaism, as the background of Christianity, has considerably shaped Western ideals and morality since Early Christianity.Jews are an ethnoreligious group including those born Jewish, in addition to converts to Judaism. In 2015, the world Jewish population was estimated at about 14.3 million, or roughly 0.2% of the total world population. About 43% of all Jews reside in Israel and another 43% reside in the United States and Canada, with most of the remainder living in Europe, and other minority groups spread throughout Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Australia.\n\n", "Q471953": "Patrick Lee Mastelotto (born September 10, 1955) is an American rock drummer and record producer who has worked most notably with Mr. Mister and King Crimson, among many others (XTC, the Rembrandts).For King Crimson, he initially formed part of the \"double trio\" lineup of 1994, joining Bill Bruford on drums.", "Q55430": "Zhang Yimou ([\u0288\u0282\u00e1\u014b \u00ee.m\u01d2u]; born 14 November 1951) is a Chinese film director, producer, writer and actor, and former cinematographer. He is part of the Fifth Generation of Chinese filmmakers, having made his directorial debut in 1987 with Red Sorghum.Zhang has won numerous awards and recognitions, with Best Foreign Film nominations for Ju Dou in 1990, Raise the Red Lantern in 1991, and Hero in 2003, Silver Lion and Golden Lion prizes at the Venice Film Festival, Grand Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, and the Golden Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival. In 1993, he was a member of the jury at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival. Zhang directed the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games, which received considerable international acclaim.\nOne of Zhang's recurrent themes is the resilience of Chinese people in the face of hardship and adversity, a theme which has been explored in such films as To Live (1994) and Not One Less (1999). His films are particularly noted for their rich use of colour, as can be seen in some of his early films, like Raise the Red Lantern, and in his wuxia films like Hero and House of Flying Daggers. His highest budgeted film to date is the 2016 monster film The Great Wall, set in Imperial China and starring Matt Damon.\n\n", "Q1634": "Adriaan \"Adje\" Paulen (12 October 1902, Haarlem \u2013 9 May 1985, Eindhoven) was a Dutch athlete who competed from 1917 to 1931. During World War II, he was part of the Dutch resistance in the Netherlands. Following World War II, Paulen became a sports official, becoming president of the IAAF (then International Amateur Athletic Federation), serving from 1976 to 1981.", "Q272032": "Nicki Hunter (born December 19, 1979) is an American pornographic film director, producer, make-up artist, radio personality, and former pornographic actress.", "Q88876": "Klaus Emmerich (born 1928) is the former editor-in-chief of ORF News in Austria. He achieved notoriety in the United States for his racist remarks following Barack Obama's win of the 2008 US presidential election. David F. Girard-diCarlo, U.S. ambassador to Austria, officially protested against Emmerich\u2019s remarks on November 14, 2008.", "Q320760": "Konrad IV the Older (Polish: Konrad IV Starszy, German: Konrad von Oels) (ca. 1384 \u2013 9 August 1447) was a Duke of Oels (Ole\u015bnica), Ko\u017ale, half of Bytom and half of \u015acinawa during 1412\u20131416 (with his brothers as co-rulers), since 1416 sole ruler over K\u0105ty (Kanth), Bierut\u00f3w, Prudnik and Syc\u00f3w and since 1417 Bishop of Wroc\u0142aw and Duke of Nysa.\nHe was the eldest son of Konrad III the Old, Duke of Ole\u015bnica, by his wife Judith. The name of Konrad was also wore by his four younger brothers; they were identified by historians only through letters and regnal numbers.", "Q552813": "Sir Charles Aubrey Smith, CBE (21 July 1863 \u2013 20 December 1948) was an English Test cricketer who became a stage and film actor, acquiring a niche as the officer-and-gentleman type, as in the first sound version of The Prisoner of Zenda (1937). In Hollywood, he organised British actors into a cricket team, much intriguing local spectators.", "Q773871": "Thomas Kenrick Kavanagh (12 December 1923 \u2013 26 November 2019) was an Australian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and racecar driver.\nIn 1952, Kavanagh became the first Australian to win a motorcycle Grand Prix race when he won the 350cc Ulster Grand Prix. In 1956, he won the Junior TT at the Isle of Man TT races. Kavanagh entered two Formula One Grands Prix in 1958 with his own Maserati 250F, firstly in Monaco where he failed to qualify, and lastly in the Belgian Grand Prix where he missed out on the race having blown his engine in practice, after having qualified 20th of 28 entrants.", "Q254793": "Per Oscar Heinrich Oscarsson (28 January 1927 \u2013 31 December 2010) was a Swedish actor. He is best known for his role in the 1966 film Hunger, which earned him a Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor.\n\n", "Q3132978": "Sir Henry Norman, 1st Baronet (19 September 1858 \u2013 4 June 1939) was an English journalist and Liberal politician. Norman was educated privately in France and at Harvard University, where he obtained his B.A. For several years he worked on the editorial staff of the Pall Mall Gazette and later joined the editorial staff of the News Chronicle, being appointed Assistant Editor of the latter in 1895. He retired from journalism in 1899. During this time he travelled widely in Canada and the United States and in Russia, Japan, China, Siam, Malaya and Central Asia. Much of the material included in the two volumes mentioned in the description was amassed during these tours. He was knighted in 1906 and made a baronet in 1915.", "Q33986": "Valpara\u00edso (; Spanish: [balpa\u027ea\u02c8iso]) is a major city, seaport, naval base and educational centre in the commune of Valpara\u00edso, Chile. \"Greater Valpara\u00edso\" is the third largest metropolitan area in the country. Valpara\u00edso is located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northwest of Santiago by road and is one of the South Pacific's most important seaports. Valpara\u00edso is the capital of Chile's second most populated administrative region and has been the headquarters for the Chilean National Congress since 1990. Valpara\u00edso has two state-owned and several private universities.Valpara\u00edso played an important geopolitical role in the second half of the 19th century when the city served as a major stopover for ships traveling between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by crossing the Straits of Magellan. Valpara\u00edso experienced rapid growth during its golden age, as a magnet for European immigrants, when the city was known by international sailors as \"Little San Francisco\" and \"The Jewel of the Pacific\". In 2003, the historic quarter of Valpara\u00edso was declared a United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage site.\nNotable features include Latin America's oldest stock exchange, the continent's first volunteer fire department, Chile's first public library, and the oldest Spanish language newspaper in continuous publication in the world, El Mercurio de Valpara\u00edso.\nThe second half of the twentieth century was unfavorable to Valpara\u00edso, as many wealthy families abandoned the city. The opening of the Panama Canal and reduction in ship traffic dealt a serious blow to Valpara\u00edso's port-based economy. \nOver the first 15 years of the twenty-first century, the city reached a recovery, attracting artists and cultural entrepreneurs who have set up in the city's hillside historic districts. Today, many thousands of tourists visit Valpara\u00edso from around the world to enjoy the city's labyrinth of cobbled alleys and colorful buildings. The port of Valpara\u00edso continues to be a major distribution center for container traffic, copper, and fruit exports. Valpara\u00edso also receives growing attention from cruise ships that visit during the South American summer. Most significantly, Valpara\u00edso has transformed itself into a major educational center with four large traditional universities and several large vocational colleges. The city exemplifies Chilean culture, with festivals every year, and street artists and musicians.\n\n", "Q377638": "Niall Campbell Ferguson (; born 18 April 1964) is a Scottish-American historian. He is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution. Previously, he was a professor at Harvard University and New York University, visiting professor at New College of the Humanities and senior research fellow at Jesus College, Oxford.\nFerguson writes and lectures on international history, economic and financial history and British and American imperialism. He is known for his contrarian views and his defence of the British empire. He once ironically called himself \"a fully paid-up member of the neo-imperialist gang\" following the 2003 invasion of Iraq.Ferguson has been a contributing editor for Bloomberg Television and a columnist for Newsweek.\nFerguson has written and presented numerous television documentary series, including The Ascent of Money, which won an International Emmy award for Best Documentary in 2009. In 2004, he was named as one of TIME magazine's 100 most influential people in the world.", "Q275985": "Natalia Ginzburg (Italian: [nata\u02c8li\u02d0a \u02c8\u0261intsbur\u0261], German: [\u02c8\u0261\u026antsb\u028a\u0281k]; n\u00e9e Levi; 14 July 1916 \u2013 7 October 1991), was an Italian author whose work explored family relationships, politics during and after the Fascist years and World War II, and philosophy. She wrote novels, short stories and essays, for which she received the Strega Prize and Bagutta Prize. Most of her works were also translated into English and published in the United Kingdom and United States.\nAn activist, for a time in the 1930s she belonged to the Italian Communist Party. In 1983 she was elected to Parliament from Rome as an Independent.", "Q1373897": "Zhou Xinfang (14 January 1895 \u2013 8 March 1975), also known by his stage name Qilin Tong (meaning \"Qilin Boy\") was a Chinese actor and musician. He was a Peking opera actor who specialized in its \"old male\" (\u8001\u751f, laosheng) role. He is considered one of the greatest grand masters of Peking Opera of the 20th century, and the best known and leading member of the Shanghai School of Peking Opera. He was persecuted and died during the Cultural Revolution.\nOver 650 Peking Operas performed by Zhou have been identified by the Zhou Xinfang Arts Research Centre in China by 2015, topping all actors in recorded Chinese performing arts history in terms of known number of repertoire titles.\n\n", "Q264650": "Mourad Boudjellal (born 5 June 1960) is a French businessman, the proprietor of comic publisher Soleil Productions.\nHe was born on 5 June 1960 in Toulon, France. He is currently the President of the Toulon Rugby Union club.In the first part of the 21st century, he has opened his cheque book in an attempt to bring his hometown rugby team to prominence. His signings of international stars such as past Toulon players George Gregan, George Smith, Sonny Bill Williams and Tana Umaga, plus current stars Steffon Armitage, Juan Mart\u00edn Fern\u00e1ndez Lobbe, Matt Giteau, Drew Mitchell, Mathieu Bastareaud, Bakkies Botha and Jonny Wilkinson, have led British rugby commentator Martin Gillingham to call Toulon a \"band of galacticos\" (an obvious reference to Real Madrid's gal\u00e1ctico policy).\nHis time at the helm of Toulon has not been without controversy. Most notably, he drew a 130-day dressing room and pitchside ban from Top 14 organizer LNR for the following outburst after a narrow Toulon loss to Clermont in January 2012:\"I had my first refereeing sodomy in the [2010] semi-final against Clermont. I've just had my second tonight. It appeared to hurt the first time but it was just as bad this time. We will review the images not on YouTube but on YouPorn.\"\nNonetheless, his tenure has seen tremendous commercial success for the club. ESPN rugby journalist Ian Moriarty remarked during the 2012\u201313 season,Boudjellal claimed earlier this season that the financial performance of the club meant he no longer needed to put his own cash in. Whatever you think about his penchant for throwing verbal grenades in the media from time to time, his management from a commercial point of view has been impressive. Toulon have increased their turnover by 500% during his tenure, allowing the club to spend right up to the limit of the salary cap.", "Q63169": "Leonardo Conti, MD (German pronunciation: [\u02c8le\u02d0ona\u0250\u032fdo\u02d0 \u02c8k\u0254nti\u02d0]; 24 August 1900 in Lugano \u2013 6 October 1945 in Nuremberg) was the Reich Health Leader (Reichsgesundheitsf\u00fchrer) in Nazi Germany. The killing of many Germans who were of \"unsound mind\" is attributed to his leadership.", "Q11299": "Manhattan (), often referred to by residents of the New York City area as the City, is the most densely populated of the five boroughs of New York City, and coextensive with the County of New York, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York. Manhattan serves as the city's economic and administrative center, cultural identifier, and historical birthplace. The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; as well as several small adjacent islands. Manhattan additionally contains Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, that was connected using landfill to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River. Manhattan Island is divided into three informally bounded components, each aligned with the borough's long axis: Lower, Midtown, and Upper Manhattan.\nManhattan has been described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world, and Manhattan is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization: the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in Manhattan, and the borough has been the setting for numerous books, films, and television shows. Manhattan real estate has since become among the most expensive in the world, with the value of Manhattan Island, including real estate, estimated to exceed US$3 trillion in 2013; median residential property sale prices in Manhattan approximated US$1,600 per square foot ($17,000/m2) as of 2018, with Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan commanding the highest retail rents in the world, at US$3,000 per square foot ($32,000/m2) per year in 2017.Manhattan traces its origins to a trading post founded by colonists from the Dutch Republic in 1624 on Lower Manhattan; the post was named New Amsterdam in 1626. Manhattan is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders, which equals roughly $1059 in current terms. The territory and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. New York, based in present-day Manhattan, served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th century and is a world symbol of the United States and its ideals of liberty and peace. Manhattan became a borough during the consolidation of New York City in 1898.\nNew York County is the United States' second-smallest county by land area (larger only than Kalawao County, Hawaii), and is also the most densely populated U.S. county. It is also one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with a census-estimated 2019 population of 1,628,706 living in a land area of 22.83 square miles (59.13 km2), or 72,918 residents per square mile (28,154/km2), higher than the density of any individual U.S. city. On business days, the influx of commuters increases this number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile (65,600/km2). Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York City's five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, and is the smallest borough in terms of land area. If each borough were ranked as a city, Manhattan would rank as the sixth-most populous in the U.S.\nMany districts and landmarks in Manhattan are well known, as New York City received a record 62.8 million tourists in 2017, and Manhattan hosts three of the world's 10 most-visited tourist attractions in 2013: Times Square, Central Park, and Grand Central Terminal. The borough hosts many prominent bridges, such as the Brooklyn, Manhattan, Williamsburg, Queensboro, Triborough, and George Washington Bridges; tunnels such as the Holland and Lincoln Tunnels; skyscrapers such as the Empire State Building, Chrysler Building, and One World Trade Center; and parks, such as Central Park. Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, and the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, part of the Stonewall National Monument, is considered the birthplace of the modern gay rights movement. The City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the city's government. Numerous colleges and universities are located in Manhattan, including Columbia University, New York University, Cornell Tech, Weill Cornell Medical College, and Rockefeller University, which have been ranked among the top 40 in the world.", "Q267359": "Ashley Suzanne Johnson (born August 9, 1983) is an American actress, voice actress and singer. Her work includes roles as Chrissy Seaver in Growing Pains, Annie Warbucks in Annie: A Royal Adventure!, Alex Marshall in What Women Want, Gretchen Grundler in Disney's Recess, Jinmay Rayfield in Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!, Terra in Teen Titans, Gwen Tennyson in the Ben 10 franchise, Ellie in The Last of Us, Tulip and Lake in Infinity Train, and Margaret in Much Ado About Nothing. She currently stars in the NBC drama Blindspot as FBI forensic specialist Patterson, and is a cast member of Critical Role.\nIn 2013 and 2014, she won BAFTA Games Awards for her performances as Ellie in The Last of Us and The Last of Us: Left Behind.", "Q2896227": "Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree, CH (7 July 1871 \u2013 7 October 1954) was an English sociological researcher, social reformer and industrialist. He is known in particular for his three York studies of poverty conducted in 1899, 1935, and 1951. \nThe first York study involved a comprehensive survey into the living conditions of the poor in York during which investigators visited every working class household, and his methodology inspired many subsequent researches in British empirical sociology.By strictly defining the concept of poverty in his studies, he was able to reveal that the poverty in York are more of structural rather than moral reasons, such as of low wages, which went against the traditionally held view that the poor were responsible for their own plight.", "Q94287": "Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer (December 30, 1878, Budapest \u2013 April 12, 1962, Munich) was an Austrian novelist, poet and playwright. Later based in Germany, he belonged to a group of writers that included the likes of Hans Grimm, Rudolf G. Binding, Emil Strau\u00df, Agnes Miegel and Hanns Johst, all of whom found favour under the Nazis. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times.", "Q191477": "The Pittsburgh Steelers are a professional American football team based in Pittsburgh. They compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division. Founded in 1933, the Steelers are the seventh-oldest franchise in the NFL, and they are the oldest franchise in the AFC.In contrast with their status as perennial also-rans in the pre-merger NFL, where they were the oldest team never to have won a league championship, the Steelers of the post-merger (modern) era are among the most successful NFL franchises. The team is tied with the New England Patriots for the most Super Bowl titles at six, and they have both played in (16 times) and hosted (11 times) more conference championship games than any other team in the NFL. The Steelers have also won eight AFC championships, tied with the Denver Broncos, but behind the Patriots' record 11 AFC championships. The team is tied with the Broncos and Dallas Cowboys for the second-most Super Bowl appearances with eight. They lost their most recent championship appearance, Super Bowl XLV, on February 6, 2011.\nThe Steelers, whose history may be traced to a regional pro team that was established in the early 1920s, joined the NFL as the Pittsburgh Pirates on July 8, 1933. The team was owned by Art Rooney and took its original name from the baseball team of the same name, as was common practice for NFL teams at the time. To distinguish them from the baseball team, local media took to calling the football team the Rooneymen, an unofficial nickname that persisted for decades after the team had adopted its current nickname. The ownership of the Steelers has remained within the Rooney family since the organization's founding. Art Rooney's son, Dan Rooney, owned the team from 1988 until his death in 2017. Much control of the franchise has been given to Dan Rooney's son, Art Rooney II.\nThe Steelers enjoy a large, widespread fanbase nicknamed Steeler Nation. They currently play their home games at Heinz Field on Pittsburgh's North Side in the North Shore neighborhood, which also hosts the University of Pittsburgh Panthers. Built in 2001, the stadium replaced Three Rivers Stadium, which had hosted the Steelers for 31 seasons. Prior to Three Rivers, the Steelers had played their games in Pitt Stadium and at Forbes Field.", "Q276254": "Terror After Midnight (German: Neunzig Minuten nach Mitternacht) is a 1962 German drama film directed by J\u00fcrgen Goslar and starring Christine Kaufmann, Martin Held, and Hilde Krahl. A gangster kidnaps a girl and holds her to ransom. It is based on the novel The Hours After Midnight by Joseph Hayes.\nThe film's sets were designed by the art director Wolf Englert.", "Q69322": "Ren\u00e9 Schickele (4 August 1883 \u2013 31 January 1940) was a German-French writer, essayist and translator.", "Q66011": "Joachim Kr\u00f3l (born 17 June 1957 in Herne, Germany) is a German actor, known for his appearances in the films Run Lola Run, Maybe, Maybe Not, and Anne Frank: The Whole Story.", "Q645469": "Rattlesnake Annie (born Rosan Gallimore, December 26, 1941) is a country singer and songwriter under the stage name Rattlesnake Annie. She earned her nickname as a child from her respect of snakes. Rattlesnake began recording music in 1959 and achieved success in Europe. She became the first female country blues musician to tour the Eastern Bloc countries in Europe and released an album with a country singer Michal Tu\u010dn\u00fd from Czechoslovakia. In 1989, she became the first American country performer to sign a recording contract with Sony Music Japan.", "Q105564": "Hans-Olaf Henkel (born 14 March 1940) is a German politician, a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany and a publicist. \nHe was formerly a manager at IBM, president of the Federation of German Industries (BDI) and president of the Leibniz Association. After decades as a political observer, he was elected to the European Parliament in 2014 for the AfD. In response to the election of Frauke Petry as the new federal chairman in July 2015, he resigned from the AfD. He is now an independent member of the European Conservatives and Reformists.", "Q79131": "Alma Vilibalda Maximiliana Karlin (12 October 1889 \u2013 15 January 1950) was a Slovene traveler, writer, poet, collector, polyglot and theosophist.\n\n", "Q95199": "Wilhelm Moritz Egon Freiherr von Gayl (4 February 1879 \u2013 7 November 1945) was a German jurist and politician of the German National People's Party (DNVP).", "Q2297927": "The spy film genre, also known sometimes as an espionage film, deals with the subject of fictional espionage, either in a realistic way (such as the adaptations of John le Carr\u00e9) or as a basis for fantasy (such as many James Bond films). Many novels in the spy fiction genre have been adapted as films, including works by John Buchan, le Carr\u00e9, Ian Fleming (Bond) and Len Deighton. It is a significant aspect of British cinema, with leading British directors such as Alfred Hitchcock and Carol Reed making notable contributions and many films set in the British Secret Service.Spy films show the espionage activities of government agents and their risk of being discovered by their enemies. From the Nazi espionage thrillers of the 1940s to the James Bond films of the 1960s and to the high-tech blockbusters of today, the spy film has always been popular with audiences worldwide. Offering a combination of exciting escapism, technological thrills, and exotic locales, many spy films combine the action and science fiction genres, presenting clearly delineated heroes for audiences to root for and villains for them to hate. They may also involve elements of political thrillers. However, there are many that are comedic (mostly action comedies if they fall under that genre).\nJames Bond is the most famous of film spies, but there were also more serious, probing works like le Carr\u00e9's The Spy Who Came in from the Cold which also emerged from the Cold War. As the Cold War ended, the newest villain became terrorism and more often involved the Middle East.", "Q463402": "William Garson Paszamant (born February 20, 1964) is an American actor. He has appeared in over 75 films, and more than 300 TV episodes. He is known for playing Stanford Blatch on the HBO series Sex and the City and in the related films Sex and the City and Sex and the City 2, and for his role as Mozzie, in the USA Network series White Collar from 2009 to 2014. He appears on Hawaii Five-0 as Gerard Hirsch. He also played the character Martin Lloyd in the sci-fi series Stargate SG-1", "Q999899": "T\u0159e\u0161\u0165 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8tr\u031d\u030a\u025b\u0283c]; German: Triesch) is a town in the Vyso\u010dina Region of the Czech Republic, which was founded in the 14th century. It has around 5,800 inhabitants.", "Q240080": "Ferdinand Zecca (19 February 1864 \u2013 23 March 1947) was a pioneer French film director, film producer, actor and screenwriter. He worked primarily for the Path\u00e9 company, first in artistic endeavors then in administration of the internationally based company.", "Q1346192": "William Stuart Adamson (11 April 1958 \u2013 16 December 2001) was a Scottish guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter. He was the co-founder, lead vocalist, and guitarist of rock group Big Country, which rose to prominence in 1983.\nPrior to that he founded Scottish art-punk band Skids. In the late 1990s he founded alternative country rock act The Raphaels. He was once described by DJ John Peel as \"the new Jimi Hendrix\".", "Q70115": "Ollon is a municipality in the district of Aigle in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, sited in the foothills of the mountains to the south-east of the Lake of Geneva. The old German language name Olun is no longer used.", "Q229036": "Jessica Karen Szohr (; born March 31, 1985) is an American actress. She started her screen career appearing on television shows such as My Wife and Kids (2003), Joan of Arcadia (2004), What About Brian (2007) and CSI: Miami (2007). She gained recognition in 2007 with her breakthrough role as Vanessa Abrams on The CW's teen drama series Gossip Girl (2007\u20132012). She has appeared in feature films including the horror film Piranha 3D (2010), the comedy film I Don't Know How She Does It (2011), the comedy film The Internship (2013) and the comedy film Ted 2 (2015). Her recent television credits include Complications (2015), Kingdom (2015), Twin Peaks (2017) and Shameless (2017\u201318). In 2018, she joined the cast during the second season of the science fiction series The Orville.", "Q922969": "Philip Jones (12 March 1928 \u2013 17 January 2000) was a British trumpeter and leader of an internationally famous brass chamber music ensemble.\nPhilip Jones was born in Bath, England. In 1944 he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Music. He became principal trumpet for most major London orchestras: The Royal Philharmonic (1956\u201360), the Philharmonia (1960\u201364), the Philharmonic (1964\u201365), the New Philharmonia (1965\u201367) and the BBC Symphony (1967\u201371). His playing continues a line of English trumpeters that stretches back to Ernest Hall.\nIn 1951 he had formed the Philip Jones Brass Ensemble, one of the first brass ensembles working regularly as a stable group. They grew from four members to ten and larger for special projects. The most usual formations were the quintet (two trumpets, horn, trombone and tuba) and the ten-piece (four trumpeters one sometimes doubling piccolo trumpet and one sometimes doubling flugel horn, horn, four trombones and tuba). The success of these formations owes much to Philip Jones's work.\nAfter 1971 he devoted himself to it full-time and the group commanded long commitment from many fine players including: the trumpeters Elgar Howarth, John Wilbraham, Michael Laird and James Watson; horn players Ifor James and Frank Lloyd; trombonists John Iveson and Raymond Premru; and the renowned tubist John Fletcher. They made 50 recordings and toured over 30 countries finding particular popularity in Japan. Repertoire spanned from transcriptions of early music by the likes of Monteverdi, Giovanni Gabrieli, and Johann Pezel, to new works for the medium commissioned by Jones. These included pieces by Witold Lutos\u0142awski, Hans Werner Henze and Einojuhani Rautavaara; altogether they performed 87 world premieres. The ensemble's leader was noted for his meticulous preparations at every concert, lining up the music stands himself, his personal commitment being one of the reasons for the ensemble's success.\nIn 1986 he accidentally drove his car over his own trumpet case. He took this as the hand of fate and decided to retire from concert performances. He held posts at the Royal Northern College of Music (the institution's first head of brass) and Trinity College of Music, where he was Principal until his retirement in 1994. He was chairman of the Musicians Benevolent Fund in 1995. He was awarded the OBE in 1977 and the CBE in 1986. When not at work he divided his time between Switzerland and London.", "Q527532": "Andrew David \"Andy\" Scott (born 30 June 1949) is a Welsh musician and songwriter. He is best known for being the lead guitarist and a backing vocalist in the band Sweet.\n\n", "Q103673": "Paul Oskar H\u00f6cker (17 December 1865 \u2013 6 May 1944) was a German editor and author, who also wrote under the pseudonym Heinz Grevenstett. He was one of the 88 signatories of the 1933 proclamation of loyalty to Adolf Hitler, the Gel\u00f6bnis treuester Gefolgschaft.", "Q191311": "Lakshmi Niwas Mittal (Hindi: [\u02c8l\u0259k\u0283mi n\u026a\u02c8\u028ba\u02d0s \u02c8m\u026at\u02d0\u0259l] (listen); born 15 June 1950) is an Indian steel magnate, based in the United Kingdom. He is the chairman and CEO of ArcelorMittal, the world's largest steelmaking company. Mittal owns 38% of ArcelorMittal and holds an 11% stake in Queens Park Rangers F.C..\nIn 2005, Forbes ranked Mittal as the third-richest person in the world, making him the first Indian citizen to be ranked in the top ten in the publication's annual list of the world's richest people. In 2007, Mittal was considered to be the richest Asian person in Europe. He was ranked the sixth-richest person in the world by Forbes in 2011, but dropped to 82nd place in March 2015. He is also the \"57th-most powerful person\" of the 72 individuals named in Forbes' \"Most Powerful People\" list for 2015. His daughter Vanisha Mittal's wedding was the second-most expensive in recorded history.Mittal has been a member of the board of directors of Goldman Sachs since 2008. He sits on the World Steel Association's executive committee, and is a member of the Global CEO Council of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, the Foreign Investment Council in Kazakhstan, the World Economic Forum's International Business Council, and the European Round Table of Industrialists. He is also a member of the board of trustees of the Cleveland Clinic.In 2005 The Sunday Times named him \"Business Person of 2006\", the Financial Times named him \"Person of the Year\", and Time magazine named him \"International Newsmaker of the Year 2006\". In 2007, Time magazine included him in their \"Time 100\" list.In 2019, Forbes named him in the list of India's Richest 2019.\n\n", "Q67469": "Wolf Kahler (born 3 April 1940) is a German stage, film, television, and voice actor.From 1975\u20132012, he appeared in many English language US and UK television and film productions. One of his early roles was Kaiser Wilhelm II in Michael York's adventure film The Riddle of the Sands. One of his most well-known roles was that of Herman Dietrich in Raiders of the Lost Ark.His voice also appeared in video games including as Kaiser Vlad in Battalion Wars. Kahler played the Prince of T\u00fcbingen in Stanley Kubrick's 1975 film, Barry Lyndon. In 2001 he portrayed a Wehrmacht General in the World War II TV miniseries, Band of Brothers. In the 1982 Clint Eastwood spy thriller Firefox, he played KGB chairman Yuri Andropov. In 2011 Kahler appeared as Dr. Hoffmanstahl in Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows. In 2017 he appeared as a German Commander in the Warner Bros./DCEU film Wonder Woman.\n\n", "Q768289": "David Martin AM (22 December 1915 \u2013 1 July 1997), born Lajos or Ludwig Detsinyi, into a Jewish family in Hungary (then part of Austria-Hungary), was an Australian novelist, poet, playwright, journalist, editor, literary reviewer and lecturer. He also used the names Louis Adam and Louis Destiny, adopting the name David Martin after moving to England.", "Q1183504": "Jean Jimmy Alexandre ((1974-03-09)March 9, 1974 \u2013 (2010-01-12)January 12, 2010), better known by his stage name Jimmy O, was a Haitian hip hop artist who was born in Port-au-Prince and lived in New York City. He was involved with Wyclef Jean's Y\u00e9le Haiti Foundation. Jimmy O performed his music in Haitian Creole.In 2006, he and Jean held a hip-hop performance in the Bel Air suburb of Port-au-Prince that was part of the USAID-funded Clean Streets project. The following year, he and other Haitian artists held a concert in the Champ de Mars, the largest public square in the capital, along with Wyclef Jean, Akon, and Matt Damon.On January 12, 2010, at age 35, Jimmy O was crushed inside a vehicle he was apparently driving in downtown Port-au-Prince during the 2010 Haiti earthquake. His mother, his wife, two of his three children, his agent, and a CNN crew were present when Jimmy O's body was discovered and identified three days later. His agent said that the loss of Jimmy O \"will be tremendous in Haiti.\"At the time of his death he was preparing to release his debut album Destiny in the United States.", "Q161790": "Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a developmental disorder characterised by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. As a milder autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it differs from other ASDs by relatively normal language and intelligence. Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and unusual use of language are common. Signs usually begin before two years of age and typically last for a person's entire life.The exact cause of Asperger's is unknown. While it is largely inherited, the underlying genetics have not been determined conclusively. Environmental factors are also believed to play a role. Brain imaging has not identified a common underlying condition. In 2013, the diagnosis of Asperger's was removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), and people with these symptoms are now included within the autism spectrum disorder along with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). It remains within the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as of 2019 as a subtype of autism spectrum disorder.There is no single treatment, and the effectiveness of particular interventions is supported by only limited data. Treatment is aimed at lowering obsessive or repetitive routines, and improving communication skills and physical clumsiness. Interventions may include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, parent training, and medications for associated problems, such as mood or anxiety. Most children improve as they grow up, but social and communication difficulties usually persist. Some researchers and people on the autism spectrum have advocated a shift in attitudes toward the view that autism spectrum disorder is a difference rather than a disease that must be treated or cured.In 2015, Asperger's was estimated to affect 37.2 million people globally. Autism spectrum disorder affects males more often than females, and females are typically diagnosed at a later age. The syndrome is named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger, who, in 1944, described children in his care who were clumsy, and lacking in nonverbal communication skills and understanding of others' feelings. The modern conception of Asperger syndrome came into existence in 1981 and went through a period of popularization. It became a standardized diagnosis in the early 1990s. Many questions and controversies remain. There is doubt about whether it is distinct from high-functioning autism (HFA). Partly because of this, the percentage of people affected is not firmly established.", "Q329744": "Martin Hayter Short (born March 26, 1950) is a Canadian-American actor, comedian, singer, and writer. He is known for his work on the television programs SCTV and Saturday Night Live. He has starred in comedy films such as Three Amigos (1986), Innerspace (1987), Three Fugitives (1989), Father of the Bride (1991), Pure Luck (1991), Captain Ron (1992), Father of the Bride Part II (1995), Mars Attacks! (1996), Jungle 2 Jungle (1997), and The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause (2006). He created the characters Jiminy Glick and Ed Grimley. In 1999, he won a Tony Award for his lead performance in a Broadway revival of Little Me.", "Q118535": "Christa Markwalder (born 27 July 1975) is a Swiss politician and former President of the National Council.\nMarkwalder studied jurisprudence and ecology at the University of Bern. She then worked as an assistant at the Institute for European and International Economic Law at the University of Bern. Since January 2008 she has been working as a lawyer for Zurich Financial Services.\n\n", "Q15799": "Club Atl\u00e9tico River Plate, commonly known as River Plate, is an Argentine professional sports club based in the N\u00fa\u00f1ez neighborhood of Buenos Aires, founded on 25 May 1901, and named after the English name for the city's estuary, R\u00edo de la Plata. Although many sports are practiced at the club, River Plate is best known for its professional football team, which has won Argentina's Primera Divisi\u00f3n championship a record of 36 times, its latest title the 2014 Final. Domestic achievements also include 12 national cups, with the 2018\u201319 Copa Argentina as the most recent. Those achievements place River Plate as the most winning team of domestic competitions with 48 titles won in the top division. In Second Division, the club has won two titles, in 1908 and 2011\u201312.At international level, River Plate has won 18 titles, with 12 organised by CONMEBOL and other international bodies. River Plate's achievements include four Copa Libertadores, one Intercontinental Cup, one Supercopa Sudamericana, one Copa Sudamericana, three Recopa Sudamericana, one Copa Interamericana and one Suruga Bank Championship. Furthermore, the club has also won six tournaments organized by AFA and AUF together: five Copa Dr. Ricardo Aldao, and one Tie Cup. In addition, River Plate's reserve team won the U-20 Copa Libertadores in 2012.\nRiver Plate is the first and only team to simultaneously hold CONMEBOL's four current major international competitions, after winning the 2014 Copa Sudamericana, 2015 Recopa Sudamericana, the 2015 Copa Libertadores, and the 2015 Suruga Bank Championship.In a survey published by the Argentine Football Association in 2016, 6 out of 11 players of the all-time Argentina national squad had played for River Plate. Previously, in 2000, River Plate had been honored by FIFA as the 9th best club of the century in the world and the best Argentine football club in that ranking. In 2010, the International Federation of Football History and Statistics placed River Plate in the 9th place in a ranking that included the best teams of the world during the 1990s and 2000s. River was the South American club with the best position in the table. Among other achievements, River Plate is at the top of the list in the All-time Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n table, being the Argentine team with most won games, fewest defeated games, most points accumulated, most goals scored, fewest goals against and best goal difference since the first championship held in 1891 and is first in the Historical table of the Copa Libertadores being the South American team with most won games.River has a fierce rivalry with Boca Juniors. Matches between them are known as Supercl\u00e1sico, and the two teams' rivalry is amongst the most heated in the sport, due to their local and global popularity. River's home stadium is Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti, the largest stadium in the country, and it is simply known as El Monumental, which is located in the Belgrano district.\nApart from football, the club hosts a large variety of sports such as athletics, basque pelota, bowls, chess, basketball, handball, cestoball, gymnastics, field hockey, karate, roller hockey, roller skating, swimming, taekwondo, tennis, volleyball, waterpolo, and eSports.", "Q192618": "Klas Pontus Arnoldson (27 October 1844 \u2013 20 February 1916) was a Swedish author, journalist, politician, and committed pacifist who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1908 with Fredrik Bajer. He was a founding member of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration Society and a Member of Parliament in the second Chamber of 1882\u20131887.\n\n", "Q185364": "Keith Omar Murray (born September 13, 1974) is an American rapper from Long Island, New York. Murray grew up on Carleton Ave. in Central Islip, which is located on the South Shore of Long Island in Suffolk County. Murray was a well known member of a local infamous crew known by the acronym L.O.D. (Legion of Doom). Murray is more famously known for being a member of the Hip Hop trio the Def Squad, which includes fellow rappers Redman and fellow Long Island native Erick Sermon, previously the co-founder of the legendary Hip-Hop group EMPD (from neighboring town Brentwood).\nMurray debuted his spaced out, complex, multi-syllable rhyming style on Erick Sermon's ruggedly produced song 'Hostile' off his first solo album 'No Pressure' which was released in 1993, and was Sermon's first project since splitting with former rhyming partner Parrish Smith. In 1994, Jive Records released Murray's debut single, The Most Beautifullest Thing in This World which was quickly followed up by his debut album of the same name, released to both critical acclaim and commercial success. Along with his solo work, Murray is known for his association with the Def Squad, with whom he released an album, El Ni\u00f1o in 1998.", "Q90787": "Christian Heinrich Postel (11 October 1658 \u2013 22 March 1705) was a German jurist, epic poet and opera librettist, who wrote 28 libretti for the Oper am G\u00e4nsemarkt in Hamburg: set by composers such as Johann Philipp F\u00f6rtsch, Reinhard Keiser and Georg Philipp Telemann. His texts for a St John Passion were set by composers Christian Ritter, Johann Mattheson and Johann Sebastian Bach in their respective St John Passion.", "Q2302280": "Texas Christian University (TCU) is a private Christian university in Fort Worth, Texas. It was established in 1873 by brothers Addison and Randolph Clark as the Add-Ran Male & Female College.The campus is located on 272 acres (110 ha) about 3 miles (5 km) from downtown Fort Worth. TCU is affiliated with, but not governed by, the Disciples of Christ. The university consists of eight constituent colleges and schools and has a classical liberal arts curriculum. It is classified among \"R2: Doctoral Universities \u2013 High research activity\".TCU's mascot is Superfrog, based on the Texas state reptile--the horned frog. For most varsity sports, TCU competes in the Big 12 conference of the NCAA's Division I. As of February 2016, The university enrolls around 10,394 students, with 8,892 being undergraduates.", "Q467664": "Butte is the county seat of Silver Bow County, Montana, United States. In 1977, the city and county governments consolidated to form the sole entity of Butte-Silver Bow. The city covers 718 square miles (1,860 km2), and, according to the 2010 census, has a population of 33,503, making it Montana's fifth largest city. It is served by Bert Mooney Airport with airport code BTM.\nEstablished in 1864 as a mining camp in the northern Rocky Mountains on the Continental Divide, Butte experienced rapid development in the late-nineteenth century, and was Montana's first major industrial city. In its heyday between the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, it was one of the largest copper boomtowns in the American West. Employment opportunities in the mines attracted surges of Asian and European immigrants, particularly the Irish; as of 2017, Butte has the largest population of Irish Americans per capita of any city in the United States.Butte was also the site of various historical events involving its mining industry and active labor unions and Socialist politics, the most famous of which was the labor riot of 1914. Despite the dominance of the Anaconda Copper Mining Company, Butte was never a company town. Other major events in the city's history include the 1917 Speculator Mine disaster, the largest hard rock mining disaster in world history.\nOver the course of its history, Butte's mining and smelting operations generated an excess of $48 billion worth of ore, but also resulted in numerous environmental implications for the city: The upper Clark Fork River, with headwaters at Butte, is the largest Superfund site in the United States, and the city is also home to the Berkeley Pit. In the late-twentieth century, cleanup efforts from the EPA were instated, and the Butte Citizens Technical Environmental Committee was established in 1984. In the 21st century, efforts at interpreting and preserving Butte's heritage are addressing both the town's historical significance and the continuing importance of mining to its economy and culture. The city's Uptown Historic District, on the National Register of Historic Places, is one of the largest National Historic Landmark Districts in the United States, containing nearly 6,000 contributing properties. The city is also home to Montana Tech, a public engineering and technical university.", "Q101064": "Erhard Kroeger or Kr\u00f6ger (24 March 1905, Riga \u2013 28 September 1987) was a Baltic German SS officer involved in the resettlement of Baltic Germans before World War II. He commanded an Einsatzgruppe in 1941, and was later attached to General Andrey Vlasov and the German sponsored Russian Liberation Army of World War II. He was convicted of war crimes in 1969.", "Q193506": "Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis (; 95 BC \u2013 April 46 BC), commonly known as Cato the Younger (Cato Minor), was a conservative Roman senator in the period of the late republic. A noted orator and a follower of the Stoic philosophy, he is remembered for his stubbornness and tenacity (especially in his lengthy conflict with Julius Caesar), as well as his immunity to bribes, his moral integrity, and his famous distaste for the ubiquitous corruption of the period. His epithet \"the Younger\" distinguishes him from his great-grandfather, Cato the Elder.", "Q107401": "Sivas (Latin and Greek: Sebastia, Sebastea, Sebasteia, Sebaste, \u03a3\u03b5\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03a3\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae; Armenian: \u054d\u0565\u0562\u0561\u057d\u057f\u056b\u0561) is a city in central Turkey and the seat of Sivas Province.\nThe city, which lies at an elevation of 1,278 metres (4,193 ft) in the broad valley of the K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak river, is a moderately-sized trade center and industrial city, although the economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Rail repair shops and a thriving manufacturing industry of rugs, bricks, cement, and cotton and woolen textiles form the mainstays of the city's economy. The surrounding region is a cereal-producing area with large deposits of iron ore which are worked at Divri\u011fi.\nSivas is also a communications hub for the north\u2013south and east\u2013west trade routes to Iraq and Iran, respectively. With the development of railways, the city gained new economic importance as junction of important rail lines linking the cities of Ankara, Kayseri, Samsun, and Erzurum. The city is linked by air to Istanbul. The popular name Sebastian derives from Sebastian\u00f2s, \u03a3\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, meaning someone from the city.", "Q2644744": "Alfred Boyd (September 20, 1835 \u2013 August 16, 1908) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He is usually considered to have been the first Premier of Manitoba (1870\u20131871), but he was not recognized by that title at the time and was not the real leader of the government. He is more correctly referred to as the first Provincial Secretary of Manitoba. (Some modern sources list his official title as \"Chief Minister\", but this does not appear in parliamentary documents from the period and is apparently a more recent invention.)\nBoyd's origins are obscure. Born in England, he may have arrived in Rupert's Land as early as 1858. He established himself as a merchant and trader in Red River Colony, and appears to have become wealthy by the time of the 1869 Red River Rebellion.\nBoyd had little involvement in public life until January 1870, when he was elected for St. Andrew's to the \"Convention of Forty\" (a parliament called by Louis Riel to decide the fate of the Red River Colony). Boyd refused to vote for Riel as the Convention's leader, and spoke in favour of territorial status (Riel favoured provincial status). Riel later referred to Boyd as an enemy.\nWith the end of the rebellion and the subsequent incorporation of Manitoba as a Canadian province (July 15, 1870), Lt. Governor Adams George Archibald (1870\u20131872) named Boyd as his Provincial Secretary. Archibald considered Boyd to be acceptable to the French population of the province, as well as to its English-speaking \"mixed-blood\" Anglo-Metis residents (i.e. persons of British and aboriginal descent). Boyd was elected for the riding of St. Andrew's North in Manitoba's first provincial election (December 27, 1870), defeating fellow government-supporter Donald Gunn by 58 votes to 28.\nArchibald chose his first full cabinet in January 1871. Boyd, now the Minister of Public Works and Minister of Agriculture, served with Marc-Amable Girard, James McKay, Henry Hynes Clarke and Thomas Howard\u2014a cabinet which reflected the province's ethnic, religious and linguistic diversity. Archibald was the real Premier, frequently determining matters of policy without seeking advice from his ministers.\nIn office, Boyd faced many challenges from his constituents. He was criticised for inaction by new Ontario immigrants who were settling in the province, as there was a need for bridges and jails (among other things). He was also criticized by his constituents for supporting public works construction in the French-Canadian community of St. Boniface, and voting to incorporate the Roman Catholic Diocese of St. Boniface. Faced with these pressures, Boyd resigned his position on December 9, 1871.\nIn resigning, Boyd called for \"English mixed-blood\" representation at the cabinet level. He was replaced by \"mixed-blood\" MLA John Norquay, as such.\nBoyd was appointed to the Temporary North-West Council in 1872, and remained a member until the Council's dissolution . He briefly rejoined the Manitoba executive as the province's first Minister of Education (March\u2013October 1873). After resigning a second time, he did not seek re-election in 1874.\nBoyd is thought to have left in 1889 for England where he purchased several properties. By 1902, he was residing in Pimlico and owned land in Essex. On his death in 1908, his estate was valued at 83,000 pounds.", "Q232364": "Remment Lucas Koolhaas (Dutch pronunciation: [r\u025bm ko\u02d0l\u0266a\u02d0s]; born 17 November 1944) is a Dutch architect, architectural theorist, urbanist and Professor in Practice of Architecture and Urban Design at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University. He is often cited as a representative of Deconstructivism and is the author of \u2018Delirious New York: A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan\u2019. Koolhaas studied at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London and at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Koolhaas is the founding partner of OMA, and of its research-oriented counterpart AMO based in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. In 2005, he co-founded Volume Magazine together with Mark Wigley and Ole Bouman.\nHe is widely regarded as one of the most important architectural thinkers and urbanists of his generation. In 2000, Rem Koolhaas won the Pritzker Prize. In 2008, Time put him in their top 100 of The World's Most Influential People.\n\n", "Q151647": "Killer Force, also known as The Diamond Mercenaries, is a 1976 thriller film directed by Val Guest and starring Telly Savalas, Peter Fonda and Christopher Lee. It was a co-production between the Republic of Ireland, Switzerland and the United States and was filmed primarily in South Africa. Its plot is about a gang of criminals who plan a major robbery of a diamond mine.", "Q101070": "Christian Wilhelm Karl Ewald, since 1912 von Ewald, (June 18, 1852 in Rehbach - September 2, 1932 in Darmstadt) was a Grand Duchy of Hesse Minister of State and a Reichsgericht member.", "Q467670": "Karen J. Dalton (born Jean Karen Cariker; July 19, 1937 \u2013 March 19, 1993) was an American folk blues singer, guitarist, and banjo player. She was associated with the early 1960s Greenwich Village folk music scene, particularly with Fred Neil, the Holy Modal Rounders, and Bob Dylan. Although she did not enjoy much commercial success during her lifetime, her music has gained significant recognition since her death. Artists like Nick Cave, Devendra Banhart, and Joanna Newsom have noted her as an influence.", "Q1028181": "Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the \"matrix\" or \"support\"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and airbrushes, can be used. The final work is also called a painting.\nPainting is an important form in the visual arts, bringing in elements such as drawing, gesture (as in gestural painting), composition, narration (as in narrative art), or abstraction (as in abstract art). Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (as in a still life or landscape painting), photographic, abstract, narrative, symbolistic (as in Symbolist art), emotive (as in Expressionism), or political in nature (as in Artivism).\nA portion of the history of painting in both Eastern and Western art is dominated by religious art. Examples of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery, to Biblical scenes Sistine Chapel ceiling, to scenes from the life of Buddha or other images of Eastern religious origin.\nIn art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. The support for paintings includes such surfaces as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, pottery, leaf, copper and concrete, and the painting may incorporate multiple other materials including sand, clay, paper, plaster, gold leaf, as well as objects.", "Q1313811": "Nathaniel Peter Hill (February 18, 1832 \u2013 May 22, 1900) was a professor at Brown University, a mining executive and engineer, and a politician, including serving in the United States Senate. Originally from the state of New York, he came to Colorado following the Pike's Peak Gold Rush to try his hand at mining. He traveled to Europe to investigate ways to smelt ore and developed processes to make mining more profitable. He was the mayor of Denver before becoming a United States Senator.", "Q34743": "Joseph Rudyard Kipling ( RUD-y\u0259rd; 30 December 1865 \u2013 18 January 1936) was an English journalist, short-story writer, poet, and novelist. He was born in India, which inspired much of his work.\nKipling's works of fiction include The Jungle Book (1894), Kim (1901), and many short stories, including \"The Man Who Would Be King\" (1888). His poems include \"Mandalay\" (1890), \"Gunga Din\" (1890), \"The Gods of the Copybook Headings\" (1919), \"The White Man's Burden\" (1899), and \"If\u2014\" (1910). He is seen as an innovator in the art of the short story. His children's books are classics; one critic noted \"a versatile and luminous narrative gift.\" Kipling in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was among the United Kingdom's most popular writers. Henry James said, \"Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius, as distinct from fine intelligence, that I have ever known.\" In 1907, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, as the first English-language writer to receive the prize, and at 41, its youngest recipient to date. He was also sounded for the British Poet Laureateship and several times for a knighthood, but declined both. Following his death in 1936, his ashes were interred at Poets' Corner, part of the South Transept of Westminster Abbey.\nKipling's subsequent reputation has changed with the political and social climate of the age. The contrasting views of him continued for much of the 20th century. George Orwell saw Kipling as \"a jingo imperialist,\" who was \"morally insensitive and aesthetically disgusting.\" Literary critic Douglas Kerr wrote: \"[Kipling] is still an author who can inspire passionate disagreement and his place in literary and cultural history is far from settled. But as the age of the European empires recedes, he is recognised as an incomparable, if controversial, interpreter of how empire was experienced. That, and an increasing recognition of his extraordinary narrative gifts, make him a force to be reckoned with.\"", "Q234715": "Jamie-Lynn Sigler (born May 15, 1981) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Meadow Soprano on the HBO series The Sopranos.", "Q111263": "Oliver Stritzel (born 9 March 1957) is a German actor and voice actor from Berlin.", "Q75079": "Chris Joseph Columbus (born September 10, 1958) is an American film director, producer, and writer, best known for his family and sentimental films. Born in Spangler, Pennsylvania, Columbus studied film at Tisch School of the Arts. After writing screenplays for Gremlins (1984) and The Goonies (1985), he made his directorial debut with a teen comedy, Adventures in Babysitting (1987). Columbus gained recognition soon after with the highly successful Christmas comedy-dramas, Home Alone (1990) and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992).\nThe comedy Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), starring Robin Williams, was another box office success for Columbus. He went on to direct Nine Months (1995), Stepmom (1998) and Bicentennial Man (1999), which were met with lukewarm reception. His greatest commercial successes have been Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (2001) and its sequel, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002). He also directed Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (2010), another critical financial success. Columbus has produced a number of films, including Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004), Night at the Museum (2006) and The Help (2011), all of which were well received. In 2015, he directed a 3D film, Pixels which garnered a mixed reception.\nColumbus is the co-founder of 1492 Pictures, a film production company that has produced some of his films since 1995. More recently, he co-founded another production firm with his daughter in 2014, called Maiden Voyage Pictures. In 2017, he launched ZAG Animation Studios, alongside Michael Barnathan, Haim Saban and Jeremy Zag.\n\n", "Q1195372": "Frank Nicholas Stanton (March 20, 1908 \u2013 December 24, 2006) was an American broadcasting executive who served as the president of CBS between 1946 and 1971 and then as vice chairman until 1973. He also served as the chairman of the Rand Corporation from 1961 until 1967.", "Q435650": "Robert Troy Kimball (born March 29, 1947) is an American singer and songwriter best known as the original and longtime frontman of the rock band Toto from 1977 to 1984 and again from 1998 to 2008. Kimball has also performed as a solo artist and session singer.", "Q173380": "Adrian Newey, (born 26 December 1958) is a British Formula One engineer. He is currently the chief technical officer of the Red Bull Racing Formula One team.\nNewey has worked in both Formula One and IndyCar racing as a race engineer, aerodynamicist, designer and technical director and enjoyed success in both categories. Considered one of the best engineers in Formula One, Newey's designs have won numerous titles and over 150 Grands Prix. With ten Constructors' Championships he has won more than any other designer and is the only designer to have won constructors' titles with three different Formula One teams, while six different drivers have won the Drivers' Championship driving Newey's designs. After designing championship-winning Formula One cars for Williams F1 and McLaren, Newey moved to Red Bull Racing in 2007, his cars winning the Formula One drivers' and constructors' championships consecutively from 2010 to 2013. Newey designs also won the 1985 and 1986 CART titles.", "Q18331029": "The Hungarian State (Hungarian: Magyar \u00c1lladalom) was a short-lived state that existed for 4 months in the last phase of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848\u201349.", "Q49780": "Syndicalism is a radical current in the labor movement that was most active in the early 20th century. Its main idea is the establishment of local worker-based organizations and the advancement of the demands and rights of workers through strikes. According to the Marxist historian Eric Hobsbawm, it was predominant in the revolutionary left in the decade which preceded the outbreak of World War I because Marxism was mostly reformist at that time.Major syndicalist organizations included the General Confederation of Labor in France, the National Confederation of Labor in Spain, the Italian Syndicalist Union, the Free Workers' Union of Germany, and the Argentine Regional Workers' Federation. Although they did not regard themselves as syndicalists, the Industrial Workers of the World, the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union and the Canadian One Big Union are considered by most historians to belong to this current.\nA number of syndicalist organizations were and still are to this day linked in the International Workers' Association, but some of its member organizations left for the International Confederation of Labor, formed in 2018.", "Q229022": "Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (English: Catholic University of the Sacred Heart or Catholic University of Milan), known as UCSC or UNICATT or simply Cattolica, is an Italian private research university founded in 1921. Cattolica, with its five affiliated campuses, is the largest private university in Europe and the largest Catholic University in the world. Its main campus is located in Milan, Italy, with satellite campuses in Brescia, Piacenza, Cremona and Rome.\nThe University is organized into 12 faculties and 7 postgraduate schools. Cattolica provides undergraduate courses (Bachelor's degree, which corresponds to Italian Laurea Triennale), graduate courses (Master's degree, which corresponds to Laurea Magistrale, and specializing master) and PhD programs (Dottorati di ricerca). In addition to these, the University runs several double degree programs with other institutions throughout the world. Degrees are offered both in Italian and in English.UCSC has been granted five stars by QS Stars, a global university rating system, in the following fields: employability, teaching, facilities and engagement. The 2017 QS World University Rankings by subject ranked the Faculty of Law 80th in the world.\nAgostino Gemelli University Polyclinic serves as the teaching hospital for the medical school of the Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and owes its name to the university founder, the Franciscan friar, physician and psychologist Agostino Gemelli.", "Q260344": "Daniella Alonso (born September 22, 1978) is an American actress and former fashion model. She has appeared in a number of horror films, including The Hills Have Eyes 2 and Wrong Turn 2: Dead End. Alonso was a regular cast member in the NBC post-apocalyptic series Revolution from 2012 to 2013, and the medical drama The Night Shift in 2014. Alonso also appeared in the first season of the TNT crime drama Animal Kingdom in 2016, and in 2019 began starring as Cristal Jennings in the third season of The CW prime time soap opera, Dynasty.", "Q191305": "G\u00e9rard de Nerval (French: [\u0292e\u0281a\u0281 d\u0259 n\u025b\u0281val]; 22 May 1808 \u2013 26 January 1855) was the nom-de-plume of the French writer, poet, and translator G\u00e9rard Labrunie, a major figure of French romanticism, best known for his novellas and poems, especially the collection Les Filles du feu (The Daughters of Fire), which included the novella Sylvie and the poem \"El Desdichado\". He played a major role in introducing French readers to the works of German Romantic authors, including Klopstock, Schiller, B\u00fcrger and Goethe. His later work merged poetry and journalism in a fictional context and influenced Marcel Proust. His last novella, Aur\u00e9lia, influenced Andr\u00e9 Breton and Surrealism.", "Q5261964": "Derek Fordjour (born 1974 in Memphis, Tennessee) is an American interdisciplinary artist who works in video/film, sculpture and painting. Fordjour received an MFA from Hunter College, an Ed. M in Arts Education from Harvard University., and a B.A. degree from Morehouse College.\nFordjour is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. He was commissioned by Alpha Phi Alpha to create a portrait entitled An Experiment in Brotherhood to commemorate the founding of the fraternity.Fordjour is currently based in New York City. His work is in several public and private collections throughout the United States and abroad.", "Q95833": "Friedrich Sieburg (1893\u20131964) was a German journalist.\nHe was born in Altena and died in G\u00e4rtringen.", "Q250287": "Maxwell Dixon (born March 4, 1966), known professionally as Grand Puba is an American rapper and emcee, best known as a member of the group Brand Nubian from New Rochelle, New York.", "Q164824": "Jean Baptiste Andr\u00e9 Dumas (14 July 1800 \u2013 10 April 1884) was a French chemist, best known for his works on organic analysis and synthesis, as well as the determination of atomic weights (relative atomic masses) and molecular weights by measuring vapor densities. He also developed a method for the analysis of nitrogen in compounds.", "Q60312": "Friedrich Wilhelm Adolph Marr (November 16, 1819 \u2013 July 17, 1904) was a German agitator and publicist, who popularized the term \"antisemitism\" (1881).", "Q113474": "Laufen District or Laufental District (French: District de Laufon) is one of the five districts of the largely German-speaking canton of Basel-Country, Switzerland. Its capital is the town of Laufen.\nPrior to 1994, it was a district of the canton of Bern, one of the seven historical districts of the Bernese Jura. In 1979, three neighbouring French-speaking districts of Bern seceded to form the new canton of Jura. Laufen was left as an exclave of Bern, wedged between Jura, Solothurn, Basel-Country, and France. In 1989, the populace voted to secede from Bern and join Basel-Country. After a transitional period of preparation, this was effected in 1994.\nIt has a population of 20,071 (as of 31 March 2017).", "Q1535333": "Volc\u00e1n Marmolejo is a 6,108 m (20,039 ft) high Pleistocene stratovolcano in the Andes on the border between Argentina and Chile. It is located 9 km (6 mi) NNE of the active San Jos\u00e9 volcano, and is the southernmost 6,000 m (19,685 ft)-plus peak in the world.", "Q363659": "Bryan Neathway Brown, AM (born 23 June 1947) is an Australian actor. He has performed in over eighty film and television projects since the late 1970s, both in his native Australia and abroad. Notable films include Breaker Morant (1980), Give My Regards to Broad Street (1984), F/X (1986), Cocktail (1988), Gorillas in the Mist (1988), F/X2 (1991), Along Came Polly (2004), Australia (2008), Kill Me Three Times (2014) and Gods of Egypt (2016). He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award for his performance in the television miniseries The Thorn Birds (1983).", "Q175097": "3 Doors Down is an American rock band from Escatawpa, Mississippi, that formed in 1996. The band originally consisted of Brad Arnold (lead vocals, drums), Matt Roberts (lead guitar, backing vocals), and Todd Harrell (bass guitar). The band rose to international fame with their first single, \"Kryptonite\", which placed in the top three on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The band then signed with Republic Records and released their debut album, The Better Life, in 2000. The album was the 11th-best-selling album of the year and was certified 6x platinum in the United States. The group was later joined by drummer Richard Liles, who played during the tour for their first album.\nThe band's second album, Away from the Sun (2002), continued the band's success; it debuted at No. 8 on the Billboard 200 chart, went multi-platinum in the U.S. like its predecessor, and spawned the hits \"When I'm Gone\" and \"Here Without You\". The band toured extensively for two years. Daniel Adair played drums on tour from 2002 to 2006. This configuration played nearly 1,000 shows across the world following the release of Away from the Sun. In 2005, Greg Upchurch (Puddle of Mudd) joined to play drums to replace Adair. 3 Doors Down released their third album, Seventeen Days, in 2005. The album debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart and was certified platinum within one month of release. Their fourth album, 3 Doors Down (2008), also debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart. The band's fifth studio album, Time of My Life (2011) debuted at No. 3 on the charts.\nOriginal guitarist Matt Roberts departed in 2012, owing to health issues. He was replaced by Chet Roberts, who was formerly Chris Henderson's guitar tech. Harrell was fired from the band in 2013 after being charged with vehicular homicide, and was replaced by bassist Justin Biltonen. 3 Doors Down has sold more than 30 million albums worldwide.\n\n", "Q26421": "Dordrecht (UK: , US: , Dutch: [\u02c8d\u0254rdr\u025bxt] (listen); colloquially Dordt [d\u0254rt] (listen)), historically known in English as Dordt or Dort, is a city and municipality in the Western Netherlands, located in the province of South Holland. It is the fifth-largest city of the province after Rotterdam, \nThe Hague, Zoetermeer and Leiden, with a population of 118,654. The municipality covers the entire Dordrecht Island, also often called Het Eiland van Dordt (\"the Island of Dordt\"), bordered by the rivers Oude Maas, Beneden Merwede, Nieuwe Merwede, Hollands Diep, and Dordtsche Kil. Dordrecht is the largest and most important city in the Drechtsteden and is also part of the Randstad, the main conurbation in the Netherlands. Dordrecht is the oldest city in Holland and has a rich history and culture.", "Q181670": "Nathan Rees () (born 12 February 1968) is a former Australian politician who served as the 41st Premier of New South Wales and parliamentary leader of the New South Wales division of the Labor Party from September 2008 to December 2009. Rees was a Member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing Toongabbie for Labor from 2007 to 2015.\nRees replaced Morris Iemma as Premier and party leader on 5 September 2008. At 40 years and 206 days of age, Rees became the youngest person to assume the office. On 3 December 2009, Rees was deposed as leader of the Labor Party by Kristina Keneally after he resoundingly lost a secret ballot in the Labor Party caucus after fifteen months as Premier. He is the shortest-serving member of the New South Wales Parliament to become Premier since Federation, and the only Labor Premier of New South Wales not to lead the party into an election. To date, he is also the most recent premier of an Australian state not to contest a general election.", "Q70667": "Orzens is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q709111": "Li Xiaolin (Chinese: \u674e\u5c0f\u7433; born June 1961) is a Chinese businesswoman, currently serving as vice-president of the China Datang Corporation, a state-owned power generation enterprise. She is the former CEO of China Power International Development (SEHK: 2380). She is the only daughter of former Chinese Premier Li Peng and his wife Zhu Lin. She was trained as a power generation engineer at Tsinghua University.\n\n", "Q165284": "Louis VIII (5 September 1187 \u2013 8 November 1226), called the Lion (French: le Lion), was King of France from 1223 to 1226. From 1216 to 1217, he also claimed to be King of England. Louis was the only surviving son of King Philip II of France by his first wife, Isabelle of Hainaut, from whom he inherited the County of Artois.\nWhile Louis VIII only briefly reigned as king of France, he was an active leader prior to accession. During the First Barons' War of 1215\u201317 against King John of England, his military prowess earned him the epithet the Lion. After his victory at the Siege of Roche-au-Moine in 1214, he invaded southern England and was proclaimed \"King of England\" by rebellious barons in London on the 2 June 1216. He was never crowned as king of England, however, and renounced his claim after being excommunicated and repelled. In 1217, Louis started the conquest of Guyenne, leaving only a small region around Bordeaux to Henry III of England.\nLouis's short reign was marked by an intervention using royal forces into the Albigensian Crusade in southern France that decisively moved the conflict towards a conclusion. He was the first Capetian king to grant appanages to his younger sons on a large scale. He died in 1226 and was succeeded by his son Louis IX.", "Q706222": "Chris Anderson (born July 9, 1961) is a British-American author and entrepreneur. He was with The Economist for seven years before joining WIRED magazine in 2001, where he was the editor-in-chief until 2012. He is known for his 2004 article entitled The Long Tail; which he later expanded into the 2006 book, The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business Is Selling Less of More. He is the cofounder and current CEO of 3D Robotics, a drone manufacturing company.", "Q103101": "Pope Julius I was the bishop of Rome from 6 February 337 to his death on 12 April 352. He is notable for asserting the authority of the pope over the Arian Eastern bishops, as well as setting 25 December as the official birthdate of Jesus.", "Q1157999": "Dallas Frazier (born October 27, 1939) is an American country musician and songwriter who had success in the 1950s and 1960s.", "Q1978876": "Ivan Ignatyevich Savvidi (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0418\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438, [j\u026a\u02c8van j\u026a\u0261\u02c8nat\u02b2\u026avit\u0361\u0255 s\u0250\u02c8v\u02b2\u026ad\u02b2i(s)], Greek: \u0399\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd \u03a3\u03b1\u03b2\u03b2\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2, romanized: Ivan Savvidis, [i\u02c8van sa\u02c8vi\u00f0is], Georgian: \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8, Ivan Egnates dze Savidi, [i\u02c8v\u0251n \u025b\u0261\u02c8n\u0251t\u025bs d\u0361z\u025b s\u0251\u02c8vidi], also known as Ivan Savvidis; born 27 March 1959), is a Russian-Georgian businessman and politician of Caucasus Greek origin. Savvidis is one of Russia's wealthiest men and was a member of the Russian Parliament, closely linked to the President Vladimir Putin.\n\n", "Q390909": "Dragon Trap (Turkish: Ejder Kapan\u0131) is a 2010 Turkish crime-thriller film, directed by U\u011fur Y\u00fccel, about two detectives investigating a series of murders of released pedophiles, which was sponsored by the Istanbul Police Department. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on January 22, 2010 (2010-01-22), is one of the highest-grossing Turkish films of 2010.", "Q79125": "Karl Gruber (3 May 1909 in Innsbruck \u2013 1 February 1995 in Innsbruck) was an Austrian politician and diplomat. During World War II, he was working for a German firm in Berlin. After the war, in 1945 he became Landeshauptmann of Tyrol for a short time. He then became Foreign Minister of Austria until 1953.\nKarl Gruber served as Austrian ambassador to the United States from 1954 to 1957 and from 1969 to 1972, as ambassador to Spain from 1961 to 1966, as ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany in 1966, and as ambassador to Switzerland from 1972 to 1974.Gruber was awarded the Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash in 1954.", "Q610332": "Chai Ling (Chinese: \u67f4\u73b2; Pinyin: Ch\u00e1i L\u00edng) (born April 15, 1966, in Rizhao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China) is a Chinese psychologist who was one of the student leaders in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. She is the founder of All Girls Allowed, an organization dedicated to ending China's one-child policy, and the founder and President of Jenzabar, an enterprise resource planning software firm for educational institutions.", "Q812672": "Bazhou (Chinese: \u9738\u5dde; pinyin: B\u00e0zh\u014du), formerly Ba County, is a county-level city in Hebei province, China. It is under the jurisdiction of Langfang prefecture-level city. As of 2002, it had a population of over 132,000.", "Q330567": "Abraham Robinson (born Robinsohn; October 6, 1918 \u2013 April 11, 1974) was a mathematician who is most widely known for development of non-standard analysis, a mathematically rigorous system whereby infinitesimal and infinite numbers were reincorporated into modern mathematics. Nearly half of Robinson's papers were in applied mathematics rather than in pure mathematics.\n\n", "Q693985": "Hlinka's Slovak People's Party (Slovak: Hlinkova slovensk\u00e1 \u013eudov\u00e1 strana), also known as the Slovak People's Party (Slovensk\u00e1 \u013eudov\u00e1 strana, S\u013dS) or the Hlinka Party, was a far-right political party with a Catholic fundamentalist and authoritarian ideology. Its members were often called \u013dud\u00e1ks.\nThe party arose at a time when Slovakia was still part of Austria-Hungary and fought for democratic liberties, the independence and sovereignty of Slovakia, and against the influence of liberalism. After the formation of Czechoslovakia, the party preserved its conservative ideology, opposing Czechoslovakism and demanding Slovak autonomy. In the second half of the 1930s, the rise of totalitarian regimes in Europe and the party's inability to achieve long-term political objectives caused a loss of the party's faith in democratic procedures and saw the party turn towards more radical and extremist ideologies such as fascism. \nAfter a merger with other parties in November 1938, which formed the Hlinka's Slovak People's Party \u2013 Party of Slovak National Unity, it became the dominant party of the Slovak State. In addition to adopting a totalitarian vision of the state, it included an openly pro-Nazi faction, which dominated Slovak policy between 1940 and 1942. The party chairmen were the Slovak priests Andrej Hlinka (1913\u201338) and later Jozef Tiso (1939\u201345), and its main newspapers were the Slovensk\u00e9 \u013eudov\u00e9 noviny (Slovak People's Newspaper, 1910\u201330), Slov\u00e1k (The Slovak, 1919\u201345) and Slovensk\u00e1 pravda (The Slovak Truth, 1936\u201345).", "Q177680": "Etvin Carl Pauli J\u00f8rgensen (December 4, 1905 in Frederiksberg \u2013 October 30, 1993), known simply as Pauli J\u00f8rgensen, was a Danish amateur football player and manager. In his position of centre forward, J\u00f8rgensen played 297 matches and scored 288 goals for Boldklubben Frem. He won four Danish championships with Frem as a player, and coached the team to a fifth title. He played 47 international matches and scored 44 goals for the Danish national team, making him the most capped Danish player for 22 years following his retirement. Furthermore, J\u00f8rgensen played around 75 matches for the Copenhagen representative team St\u00e6vnet.\nPauli J\u00f8rgensen was known as the most popular player in Danish football history. In 1930, he was named Best Nordic Centre Forward. In 1971, Pauli J\u00f8rgensen was honoured as the Danish football player who had meant the most for the game of football in Denmark during the first 50 years of the Danish Football Association (DBU). In his eighties he made the Guinness book of records as the oldest active football player in Denmark.", "Q88862": "G\u00fcnter Kie\u00dfling (20 October 1925 \u2013 28 August 2009) was a German general in the Bundeswehr, who became famous as the subject of what became known as the Kie\u00dfling (or Kiessling) Affair.\nKie\u00dfling was born in Frankfurt (Oder) in the Province of Brandenburg. In the Second World War, he was a lieutenant in the infantry and served on the Eastern Front. Some time after the war, he joined the Bundesgrenzschutz and later transferred to the Bundeswehr. Before his early retirement he was Commander of NATO land forces and deputy to the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe.\nIn 1983 Kie\u00dfling was secretly accused of homosexuality, which, in his position and at the time, was regarded as a security risk and led to his premature retirement. The allegations were later found to be without foundation and he was rehabilitated, being briefly reinstated before retiring with full honours.\nKie\u00dfling again achieved public prominence in 1997 when he spoke at the funeral of Josef Rettemeier, a highly decorated World War II soldier and one of the few soldiers to be awarded the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves.G\u00fcnter Kie\u00dfling died in Rendsburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, on 28 August 2009.", "Q62263": "Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria (German: Prinz Ludwig Ferdinand Maria Karl Heinrich Adalbert Franz Philipp Andreas Konstantin von Bayern; 22 October 1859 \u2013 23 November 1949), was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach and a General of Cavalry. Following his marriage to Infanta Mar\u00eda de la Paz of Spain, he also became Spanish infante.", "Q23559": "Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (Italian: [be\u02c8ni\u02d0to musso\u02c8li\u02d0ni]; 29 July 1883 \u2013 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party. He ruled Italy as the prime minister from 1922 to 1943; he constitutionally led the country until 1925, when he dropped the pretense of democracy and established a dictatorship. Mussolini inspired several totalitarian rulers, such as Adolf Hitler.Known as Il Duce (\"The Leader\"), Mussolini was the founder of Italian Fascism. In 1912, Mussolini had been a leading member of the National Directorate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), but was expelled from the PSI for advocating military intervention in World War I, in opposition to the party's stance on neutrality. Mussolini served in the Royal Italian Army during the war until he was wounded and discharged in 1917. Mussolini denounced the PSI, his views now centering on nationalism instead of socialism and later founded the fascist movement which came to oppose egalitarianism and class conflict, instead advocating \"revolutionary nationalism\" transcending class lines. Following the March on Rome in October 1922, Mussolini became the youngest Italian Prime Minister up to that date. After removing all political opposition through his secret police and outlawing labor strikes, Mussolini and his followers consolidated their power through a series of laws that transformed the nation into a one-party dictatorship. Within five years, Mussolini had established dictatorial authority by both legal and extraordinary means and aspired to create a totalitarian state. In 1929, Mussolini signed the Lateran Treaty with the Vatican, ending decades of struggle between the Italian state and the Papacy, and recognized the independence of Vatican City.\nMussolini's foreign policy aimed to expand the sphere of influence of Italian fascism. In 1923, he began the \"Pacification of Libya\" and ordered the bombing of Corfu in retaliation for the murder of an Italian general. In 1936, Mussolini formed Italian East Africa (AOI) by merging Eritrea, Somalia and Ethiopia following the Abyssinian crisis and the Second Italo\u2013Ethiopian War. In 1939, Italian forces occupied Albania. Between 1936 and 1939, Mussolini ordered the successful Italian military intervention in Spain in favor of Francisco Franco during the Spanish civil war. Initially, Mussolini's Italy tried to avoid the outbreak of a second global war by taking part in the Stresa front, the Lytton Report, the Treaty of Lausanne, the Four-Power Pact and the Munich Agreement. However, Italy then alienated itself from Britain and France by aligning with Germany and Japan. Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, resulting in declarations of war by France and the UK and the start of World War II.\nOn 10 June 1940\u2014with the Fall of France imminent\u2014Italy officially entered the war and eventually occupied parts of south-east France, Corsica, and Tunisia. Mussolini planned to concentrate Italian forces on a major offensive against the British Empire in Africa and the Middle East, known as the \"parallel war\", while expecting the collapse of the UK in the European theatre. The Italians invaded Egypt, bombed Mandatory Palestine, and occupied British Somaliland with initial success. However, the British government refused to accept proposals for a peace that would involve accepting Axis victories in Eastern and Western Europe; plans for an invasion of the UK did not proceed and the war continued. In October 1940, Mussolini sent Italian forces into Greece, starting the Greco-Italian War. The Royal Air Force prevented the Italian invasion and allowed the Greeks to push the Italians back to Albania.The Balkan campaign was significantly prolonged until the definition of the Axis occupation of Greece and Yugoslavia. Furthermore, the German invasion of the Soviet Union and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour forced Mussolini to send an Italian army in Russia and declare war on the United States. Mussolini was aware that Italy, whose resources were reduced by the campaigns of the 1930s, was not ready for a long conflict against three superpowers but opted to remain in the conflict to not abandon the fascist imperial ambitions. In 1943, Italy suffered major disasters: by February the Red Army had completely destroyed the Italian Army in Russia and in May the Axis collapsed in North Africa despite previous Italian resistance at the second battle of El Alamein. On 9 July the Allies invaded Sicily and by the 16th it became clear the German summer offensive in the USSR had failed. As a consequence, early on 25 July, the Grand Council of Fascism passed a motion of no confidence in Mussolini; later that day the King dismissed him as head of government and had him placed in custody, appointing Pietro Badoglio to succeed him as Prime Minister.\nAfter the king agreed the armistice with the allies, on 12 September 1943 Mussolini was rescued from captivity in the Gran Sasso raid by German paratroopers and Waffen-SS commandos led by Major Otto-Harald Mors. Adolf Hitler, after meeting with the rescued former dictator, then put Mussolini in charge of a puppet regime in northern Italy, the Italian Social Republic (Italian: Repubblica Sociale Italiana, RSI), informally known as the Sal\u00f2 Republic. In late April 1945, in the wake of near total defeat, Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci attempted to flee to Switzerland, but both were captured by Italian communist partisans and summarily executed by firing squad on 28 April 1945 near Lake Como. The bodies of Mussolini and his mistress were then taken to Milan, where they were hung upside down at a service station to publicly confirm their demise.\n\n", "Q72070": "Hedwig Lachmann (29 August 1865 \u2013 21 February 1918) was a German author, translator and poet. \n\n", "Q87589": "Thomas \"Tommi\" Ohrner (born 3 June 1965) is a German actor, singer and television host. Beginning a career as a child actor at the age of four, Ohrner rose to prominence as a teen idol during the early 1980s, starring in the television series Timm Thaler, Merlin and Manni, der Libero, as well as achieving crossover success as a singer with his English-language pop singles, \"Rock 'n' Roll in Old Blue Jeans\" and \"5 O'Clock Rock\". In the 1990s, Ohrner turned to work as a television and radio host before once again returning to acting, most notably as Matthias Brandner on the German soap opera, Verbotene Liebe.", "Q2364677": "PT Elex Media Komputindo is a publishing company in Indonesia which publishes books, comics, magazines, novels and other print media. Established on January 15, 1985, Elex Media Komputindo is a subsidiary of Kompas Gramedia Group. Elex is headquartered in Tanah Abang, Central Jakarta.Elex Media Komputindo is known as the pioneer of manga publishing in Indonesia, and is now one of the largest comic publishers in Indonesia.", "Q100408": "Stanislaw Bronislaw Boleslaw Trabalski (born 25 October 1896 in Leipzig, died 12 November 1985) was a German politician (SPD, USPD, SED).", "Q64612": "Marcus Geganius Macerinus was a Roman statesman who served as Consul in 447 BC, 443 BC, and 437 BC. In his first consulate, according to Livy, he and Gaius Julius Iulus concerned themselves with easing the tensions between the classes. In his second consulate he relieved Ardea from Volscian attacks, made Cloelius his prisoner, and celebrated a triumph. In his third Geganius fought the Veientes south of the Anio, and although he defeated his foe the victory came at heavy loss for the Romans.", "Q117174": "Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, (Henry William Frederick Albert; 31 March 1900 \u2013 10 June 1974) was the third son and fourth child of King George V and Queen Mary. He served as Governor-General of Australia from 1945 to 1947, the only member of the British royal family to hold the post.\nHenry was the first son of a British monarch to be educated at school, where he excelled at sports, and went on to attend Eton College, after which he was commissioned in the 10th Royal Hussars, a regiment he hoped to command. But his military career was interrupted by royal duties, and he was nicknamed \"the unknown soldier\". While big-game shooting in Kenya, he met the future aviatrix Beryl Markham, with whom he became romantically involved. The court put pressure on him to end the relationship, but he had to pay regular hush-money to avert a public scandal. In 1935, also under parental pressure, he married Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott, with whom he had two sons, Princes William and Richard.\nFrom 1939 to 1940, Henry served in France as a liaison officer to Lord Gort. He performed military and diplomatic duties during the rest of the war, then in 1945 was appointed as Australia's governor-general at the request of Prime Minister John Curtin. The post had originally been offered to his younger brother, the Duke of Kent, who died in an air crash. Henry attended the coronation of his niece Queen Elizabeth II in 1953 and carried out several overseas tours, often accompanied by his wife. From 1965, he became incapacitated by a number of strokes. Upon his death, he was succeeded as the Duke of Gloucester by his only living son, Richard. \nAt the time of his death, Prince Henry was the last surviving child of King George V and Queen Mary. His widow, who died at the age of 102, became the longest-lived member of the British royal family in history.", "Q471774": "Isma\u00ebl L\u00f4 (also Isma\u00ebl Lo) is a Senegalese musician and actor. He was born in Dogondoutchi, Niger on 30 August 1956, to a Senegalese father and a Nigerien mother. Shortly after Lo's birth the family returned to Senegal where they settled in the town of Rufisque, near the capital Dakar. He plays guitar and harmonica, and has been called \"the Bob Dylan of Africa\".\nIn the 1970s, Lo studied at the School of Art in Dakar. He later joined the popular group Super Diamono, but left in 1984 to start a solo career. Over the next four years Lo recorded five popular solo albums.\nIn 1988, he composes the soundtrack for Ousmane Sembene's Camp de Thiaroye and plays in it. He will also star in Moussa Sene Absa's film Tableau Ferraille (Iron Landscape), in 1996, and compose more soundtracks.\nIn 1990, Lo signed a recording deal with Barclay and recorded in France his seventh solo album, Ismael Lo. Thanks to the success of the single \"Tajabone\" the album became a hit in the European charts. The album launched Lo's international career.\nIso was recorded and released in 1994, and also became a success. The album contains soft guitar melodies and traditional Senegalese mbalax. The following year Lo toured in Africa. The compilation album Jammu Africa was released in 1996. The song \"Without Blame\" is a duet with Marianne Faithfull.\nLo's song \"Tajabone\" was featured in Pedro Almod\u00f3var's film All About My Mother.\nIn 2002, he was made a Knight of the Legion of Honor.\nHis latest album S\u00e9n\u00e9gal was recorded in Dakar, Paris and London. Lo says of it, \"Giving this album the title S\u00e9n\u00e9gal was my way of paying tribute to my own country, in recognition of all its gifts to me\".The film Shake Hands with the Devil (2007), about the Rwandan genocide, starts with Lo's song \"Jammu Africa\".\n\n", "Q138197": "Robert Bruce Elliott (born September 1, 1949) is an American actor, voice actor, dubbing director and scriptwriter who works for Funimation. He provided voices for a number of English versions of Japanese anime series; one of his most notable roles was Richard Moore in the detective series Case Closed. He also appeared on television and on film for a variety of shows and movies from Barney & Friends to JFK to Finding North. He is also the current voice of Ginyu, replacing Brice Armstrong in the Funimation dub of the Dragon Ball series.", "Q533235": "The Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila; Spanish: Universidad Ateneo de Manila), also known simply as the Ateneo de Manila or Ateneo and abbreviated as AdMU, is a private Catholic Jesuit research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Founded in 1859 by the Society of Jesus, Ateneo is the third-oldest university in the Philippines. \nAteneo offers elementary and junior high school education exclusively to male students, while its senior high school and college are co-educational. In college, both undergraduate and graduate programs are organized into four schools, collectively known as the Loyola Schools, which are located at its main campus at Loyola Heights along with the Grade School, Junior High School and Senior High School. Four professional schools occupy other campuses throughout Metro Manila. Students of Ateneo are often referred to as Ateneans (Filipino: mga Atenista).\nAteneo undergraduates follow a Catholic-rooted liberal arts core curriculum throughout their program in the Loyola Schools.\nAs of 2020, Ateneo alumni include one Nobel Peace Prize recipient, two Ramon Magsaysay awardees, Jos\u00e9 Rizal (the national hero of the Philippines), five Presidents of the Philippines, and five Chief Justices of the Philippine Supreme Court. In the 1890s, among its graduates were several leaders of the propaganda movement during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. United Kingdom-based Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) ranks ADMU as the country's top private university, among the top 125 Asian universities, and among the top 600 universities worldwide in annual university rankings.", "Q273338": "Valentine de Saint-Point (born Anna Jeanne Valentine Marianne Glans de Cessiat-Vercell; 16 February 1875, Lyon \u2013 28 March 1953, Cairo), was a French writer, poet, painter, playwright, art critic, choreographer, lecturer and journalist. She is primarily known for being the first woman to have written a futurist manifesto, but was also active in Parisian salons, and the associated literary and artistic movements of the Belle Epoque. Her writings and performances of La M\u00e9tachorie, which demonstrated her theory of \"a total fusion of the arts.\" The later period of her life was dominated by the politics of the Middle East and North Africa.", "Q329036": "Mark Volman (born April 19, 1947) is an American rock and roll guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter, best known as a founding member of the Turtles. Volman became a stand-out figure upon joining the Mothers of Invention under the tutelage of Frank Zappa. At times during his career he has used the pseudonym \"Flo\" (short for \"Phlorescent Leech\"), working alongside his friend and partner Howard Kaylan; they at times have used the stage names of Flo & Eddie.", "Q1681148": "Robert Alan McDonald (born June 20, 1953) served as the eighth United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs. He is the retired chairman, president, and CEO of Procter & Gamble. In 2014 he became Secretary of Veterans Affairs.", "Q1813": "Saint-Tropez (US: SAN-troh-PAY, French: [s\u025b\u0303 t\u0281\u0254pe]; Occitan: Sant-Tropetz , pronounced [san(t) t\u0280u\u02c8pes]) is a town on the French Riviera, 68 kilometres (42 miles) west of Nice and 100 kilometres (62 miles) east of Marseille in the Var department of the Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur region of Occitania, Southern France.\nSaint-Tropez was a military stronghold and fishing village until the beginning of the 20th century. It was the first town on this coast to be liberated during World War II as part of Operation Dragoon. After the war, it became an internationally known seaside resort, renowned principally because of the influx of artists of the French New Wave in cinema and the Y\u00e9-y\u00e9 movement in music. It later became a resort for the European and American jet set and tourists.", "Q275991": "Agustina del Carmen Otero Iglesias (4 November 1868 \u2013 10 April 1965), better known as Carolina Otero or La Belle Otero, was a Spanish actress, dancer and courtesan. She had a reputation for great beauty and was famous for her numerous lovers.", "Q268056": "Miyuu Sawai (\u6ca2\u4e95 \u7f8e\u512a, Sawai Miy\u016b, born October 23, 1987 in Kanagawa Prefecture) is a Japanese actress, model, and gravure idol. Her best-known role was Usagi Tsukino / Sailor Moon in the live-action adaptation of Sailor Moon which ran from 2003 to 2004.", "Q115993": "Tomorrow, When the War Began is a 2011 Australian action-adventure war drama film written and directed by Stuart Beattie and based on the novel of the same name (the first in a series of seven) by John Marsden. The film was produced by Andrew Mason and Michael Boughen. The story follows Ellie Linton, one of seven teenagers waging a guerrilla war against an invading foreign power in their fictional hometown of Wirrawee. The film stars Caitlin Stasey as Ellie Linton and features an ensemble cast including Rachel Hurd-Wood, Lincoln Lewis and Phoebe Tonkin. Production began in September 2009.Principal photography began on 28 September 2009, and concluded on 6 November 2009; filming took place in the Hunter Region and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales. The teaser trailer for the film was released on 31 March 2010. The film was released in Australia and New Zealand on 2 September 2010. It was later released on 15 April 2011 in the United Kingdom, and on 24 February 2012 in the United States.", "Q78213": "Georg Maurer (11 March 1907 \u2013 4 August 1971) was a German poet, essayist, and translator. He wrote under the pseudonyms Juventus, murus, and Johann Weilau.\nThe son of a teacher, he was born in Reghin, Austria-Hungary (now in Romania), and grew up there before moving to Germany in 1926. He studied art history, Germanistics and philosophy in Leipzig and Berlin until 1932. He was a soldier during the Second World War. From 1955 he was a lecturer, then a professor at the Johannes R. Becher Institute of Literature in Leipzig, where he had great influence on the poets of the Saxon School. He died in Potsdam and was buried in the S\u00fcdfriedhof in Leipzig.", "Q1013881": "Miami Guns (Japanese: \u30de\u30a4\u30a2\u30df\u2606\u30ac\u30f3\u30ba, Hepburn: Maiami Ganzu) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Takeaki Momose. The story takes place in Miami City, which is similar to Miami, Florida, except for several locale changes. It's mainly about the life of two female Miami City police officers having to stop crimes before they get worse. The setting thus has some similarities to that of the popular TV show Miami Vice.", "Q2151648": "George Richard \"Rick\" Wagoner Jr. (born February 9, 1953) is an American businessman and former chair and chief executive officer of General Motors. Wagoner resigned as chairman and CEO at General Motors on March 29, 2009, at the request of the White House. The latter part of Wagoner's tenure as CEO of General Motors found him under heavy criticism as the market valuation of GM went down by more than 90% and the company lost more than US$82 billion. This led to him being named one of the worst CEOs of 2008. He is a board member of ChargePoint, an electric vehicle infrastructure company.", "Q2074392": "Francis Cabot Lowell (April 7, 1775 \u2013 August 10, 1817) was an American businessman for whom the city of Lowell, Massachusetts, is named. He was instrumental in bringing the Industrial Revolution to the United States.", "Q276268": "Stella Chiweshe (also Stella Rambisai Chiweshe, Stella Rambisai Chiweshe Nekati, or Stella Nekati Chiweshe, born 8 July 1946 in Mujumi Village, Mhondoro, Zimbabwe) is a Zimbabwean musician. She is internationally known for her singing and playing of the mbira dzavadzimu, a traditional instrument of the Shona people of Zimbabwe. She is one of the few female players of the instrument, which she learned to play from 1966 to 1969 when even fewer females played the instrument.", "Q71551": "Carlos Rasch (born 6 April 1932 in Curitiba, Brazil) is a science fiction author, whose works mostly appeared in East Germany before German reunification.", "Q4443447": "Anton Strauss (1858, Kamianka - ?) \u2013 mining engineer, inventor, partner of the famous architect Vladislav Gorodetsky, an entrepreneur, Kiev Yacht Club commodore, actual state councilor.", "Q3101356": "George-\u00c9douard-Amable Desbarats (5 April 1838 \u2013 18 February 1893) was an influential Canadian printer and inventor.", "Q112024": "John of Winterthur (c. 1300 \u2013 after 1348) was a Swiss historian who wrote a chronicle of history up to 1348.", "Q237552": "Jade Louise Ewen (born 24 January 1988) is a British singer, songwriter, actress and a former member of the girl group Sugababes. Ewen began her singing career in a girl group named Trinity Stone, which signed with Sony BMG in 2005 but disbanded in 2007 without releasing an album. In 2009, after winning the right, she represented the United Kingdom in the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest by performing the Andrew Lloyd Webber / Diane Warren penned \"It's My Time\". She finished in fifth place, making her the most successful British Eurovision act since 2002. \nEwen replaced Keisha Buchanan in the group Sugababes in September 2009. After becoming a member of the group, they achieved two UK top-ten singles and a top fifteen album.", "Q238661": "The 5th arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille.", "Q223527": "The Cleveland Browns are a professional American football team based in Cleveland. Named after original coach and co-founder Paul Brown, they compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division. The Browns play their home games at FirstEnergy Stadium, which opened in 1999, with administrative offices and training facilities in Berea, Ohio. The Browns' official club colors are brown, orange, and white. They are unique among the 32 member franchises of the NFL in that they do not have a logo on their helmets.The franchise was founded in 1945 by Brown and businessman Arthur B. McBride as a charter member of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). The Browns dominated the AAFC, compiling a 47\u20134\u20133 record in the league's four seasons and winning its championship in each. When the AAFC folded after the 1949 season, the Browns joined the NFL along with the San Francisco 49ers and the original Baltimore Colts. The team won a championship in their inaugural NFL season, as well as in the 1954, 1955, and 1964 seasons, and in a feat unequaled in any of the North American major professional sports, played in their league championship game in each of the Browns' first ten years of existence. From 1965 to 1995, they qualified to play in the NFL playoffs 14 times, but did not win another championship or play in the Super Bowl during that period.\nIn 1995, owner Art Modell, who had purchased the Browns in 1961, announced plans to move the team to Baltimore. After threats of legal action from the city of Cleveland and fans, a compromise was reached in early 1996 that allowed Modell to establish the Baltimore Ravens as a new franchise while retaining the contracts of all Browns personnel. The Browns' intellectual property, including team name, logos, training facility, and history, were kept in trust and the franchise was regarded by the NFL as suspended, with a new team to be established by 1999 either by expansion or relocation. The Browns were announced as an expansion team in 1998 and resumed play in 1999.Since resuming operations in 1999, the Browns have struggled to find success. They have had only two winning seasons (in 2002 and 2007), one playoff appearance (2002), and no playoff wins, winning only approximately a third of their games in total. The franchise has also been noted for a lack of stability with head coaches (10 full time and two interim since 1999), and quarterbacks (30 different starters since 1999), along with the longest active playoff drought in the NFL at 17 seasons.", "Q109362": "Niels Annen (born 6 April 1973) is a German politician and member of the SPD.\nAfter his first term in the Bundestag from 2005 to 2009, Annen was a Senior Transatlantic Resident at the German Marshall Fund in Washington between 2010 and 2011. From 2011 until 2013 he worked for the department for International Policy Analysis of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Berlin. Annen has served on the executive board of the SPD since 2003 after being chairman of the Young Socialists, the youth organization of the SPD, from 2001 to 2004.", "Q617475": "Albert Green Hopkins (1889 \u2013 October 21, 1932) (Al Hopkins) was an American musician, a pioneer of what later came to be called country music; in 1925 he originated the earlier designation of this music as \"hillbilly music\", though not without qualms about its pejorative connotation.Hopkins played piano, an unusual instrument for Appalachian music. The members of the band that brought him to fame (which was known by several names: The Hill Billies, Al Hopkins' Original Hill Billies, and Al Hopkins and His Buckle Busters) came variously from Hopkins' own Watauga County, North Carolina, and from Grayson and Carroll Counties in Virginia. Although the group formed up in 1924 in Galax, Virginia, they were based in Washington, D.C., and performed regularly on WRC. In 1927 they became the first country musicians to perform in New York City. They were also the first to play for a president of the United States (Calvin Coolidge, at a Press Correspondents' gathering) and the first to appear in a movie (a 15-minute Warner Bros./Vitaphone short released along with Al Jolson's The Singing Fool).", "Q150217": "Finchley () is a large district of north London, England, in the London Borough of Barnet. Finchley is on high ground, 11 km (6.8 mi) north of Charing Cross.\nIt formed an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, becoming a municipal borough in 1933, and has been part of Greater London since 1965. Nearby districts include: Golders Green, Muswell Hill, Friern Barnet, Whetstone, Mill Hill and Hendon.\nIt is predominantly a residential suburb, with three town centres: North Finchley, East Finchley and Finchley Church End (Finchley Central). Made up of four wards, the population of Finchley counted 65,812 as of 2011.", "Untitled": "{\n \"cells\": [],\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"nbformat\": 4,\n \"nbformat_minor\": 4\n}\n", "Q73346": "Ralph George Macchio Jr. (, Italian: [\u02c8makkj\u0254]; born November 4, 1961) is an American actor known for his role as Daniel LaRusso in three Karate Kid films and Cobra Kai, a sequel television series. He is also known for his roles as Johnny Cade in The Outsiders, Jeremy Andretti in Eight Is Enough, Bill Gambini in My Cousin Vinny, Eugene Martone in Crossroads, and Archie Rodriguez in Ugly Betty.", "Q53096": "Made in Dagenham is a 2010 British film directed by Nigel Cole. The film stars Sally Hawkins, Bob Hoskins, Miranda Richardson, Geraldine James, Rosamund Pike, Andrea Riseborough, Jaime Winstone, Daniel Mays and Richard Schiff. It dramatises the Ford sewing machinists strike of 1968 that aimed for equal pay for women. The film's theme song, with lyrics by Billy Bragg, is performed by Sandie Shaw, herself a native of the area and a former Ford Dagenham clerk.\nA stage musical version of the film opened at London's Adelphi Theatre in 2014.", "Q25100": "Giovanni \"Nanni\" Moretti (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8nanni mo\u02c8retti]; born 19 August 1953) is an Italian film director, producer, screenwriter and actor. The Palme d'Or winner in 2001, in 2012 he was the President of the Jury at the Cannes Film Festival.", "Q222639": "Swashbuckler films are a subgenre of the adventure film genre, often characterised by swordfighting and adventurous heroic characters, known as swashbucklers. Real historical events often feature prominently in the plot, morality is often clear-cut, heroic characters are clearly heroic and even villains tend to have a code of honour (although this is not always the case). There is often a damsel in distress and a romantic element.", "Q273310": "Annika Bryn (born 1945) is a Swedish author and freelance journalist. Bryn has written several short stories in magazines and freelance articles in newspapers, as well as two crime fiction novels.\nBryn was born to a Swedish mother and a Norwegian father, active in the resistance against the German occupation of Norway in World War II. After divorce, the father moved to the United States and became a U.S. citizen.", "Q2500196": "Urban Bruun J\u00fcrgensen (5 August 1776 - 14 May 1830) was a Danish watchmaker. His company is now called Jules J\u00fcrgensen after one of his two sons and is based in Switzerland.", "Q320984": "Alexandros Papadiamantis (Greek: \u1f08\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2; 4 March 1851 \u2013 3 January 1911) was an influential Greek novelist, short-story writer and poet.", "Q1344961": "Per Samuel Fr\u00f6ler (born 24 March 1957) is a Swedish actor. His break-through was in the TV series Tre K\u00e4rlekar in 1989. He played the protagonist in the soap opera Sk\u00e4rg\u00e5rdsdoktorn, and has also acted in several films. At the 28th Guldbagge Awards he was nominated for the Best Actor award for his role in The Best Intentions.Fr\u00f6ler did the voice of Shrek when Shrek 2 was dubbed into Swedish. He also had a part in the American film Octane in 2003. He played one of the leading roles in the 2010 film Pure.\n\n", "Q461229": "Nicola \"Nicki\" Sharon French (born 26 September 1964) is an English singer and actress. She is best known for her 1995 dance cover version of \"Total Eclipse of the Heart\", which reached the US and UK Top 5, and for representing the United Kingdom in the 2000 Eurovision Song Contest in Stockholm.", "Q242873": "Ingrid Ellen Michaelson (born December 8, 1979) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. Her first album, Slow the Rain, was released in 2005, and she has since released eight more albums: Girls and Boys, Be OK, Everybody, Human Again, Lights Out, It Doesn't Have to Make Sense, Songs for the Season, and her most recent, Stranger Songs. Her two highest-charting singles are \"The Way I Am\" (2007) and \"Girls Chase Boys\" (2014), at No. 37 and No. 52 on the Billboard Hot 100, respectively.", "Q753223": "The Hungarian Socialist Party (Hungarian: Magyar Szocialista P\u00e1rt), known mostly by its acronym MSZP, is a social-democratic political party in Hungary.\nIt was founded on 7 October 1989 as a post-communist evolution and one of two legal successors of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP). Along with its conservative rival Fidesz, MSZP was one of the two most dominant parties in Hungarian politics until 2010; however, the party lost much of its popular support as a result of the \u0150sz\u00f6d speech, the consequent 2006 protests, and then the 2008 financial crisis. Following the 2010 election, MSZP became the largest opposition party in parliament, a position it held until 2018, when it was overtaken by the far-right Jobbik.", "Q476755": "Robert Allen Pease (August 22, 1940 \u2013 June 18, 2011) was an analog integrated circuit design expert and technical author. He designed several very successful \"best-seller\" integrated circuits, many of them in continuous production for multiple decades. These include the LM331 voltage-to-frequency converter, and the LM337 adjustable negative voltage regulator (complement to the LM317).", "Q329778": "Harry Edward Melling (born 13 March 1989) is an English actor, best known for playing Dudley Dursley in the Harry Potter films. He played a young thespian with no arms or legs in the Coen brothers' 2018 film The Ballad of Buster Scruggs.", "Q6832": "Ravensburg is a town in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.\nRavensburg was first mentioned in 1088. In the Middle Ages, it was an Imperial Free City and an important trading centre. The \"Great Ravensburg Trading Society\" (Gro\u00dfe Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft) owned shops and trading companies all over Europe.\nThe historic town centre is still very much intact, including three town gates and over 10 towers of the medieval fortification. \"The all-white Mehlsack (Flour Sacks) is a tower marking the Altstadt\u2019s southern edge. A steep staircase leads up to the Veitsburg, a quaint baroque castle.\"The town's most popular festival is the annual \"Rutenfest\", which takes place mid year.", "Q316588": "Lamont Coleman (May 30, 1974 \u2013 February 15, 1999), known professionally as Big L, was an American rapper and songwriter.\nEmerging from East Harlem, New York in the early to mid-1990s, Coleman became well known amongst underground hip-hop fans for his freestyling ability, and was eventually signed to Columbia Records, where, in 1995, he released his debut album, Lifestylez ov da Poor & Dangerous, an album that is now considered by many fans to be a classic. On February 15, 1999, Coleman was shot nine times by an unknown assailant in East Harlem, New York, his hometown. He died from his injuries.\nNoted for his use of wordplay, multiple writers at AllMusic, HipHopDX and The Source have praised Coleman for his lyrical ability, and he has also been described as \"one of the most auspicious storytellers in hip hop history.\" Regarding Coleman's legacy in an interview with Funkmaster Flex, Nas claimed \"[Coleman] scared me to death. When I heard [his performance at the Apollo Theater] on tape, I was scared to death. I said, 'Yo, it's no way I can compete if this is what I gotta compete with.'\"", "Q1757254": "Okeh Records is an American record label founded by the Otto Heinemann Phonograph Corporation, a phonograph supplier established in 1916, which branched out into phonograph records in 1918. The name was spelled \"OkeH\" from the initials of Otto K. E. Heinemann but later changed to \"OKeh\". Since 1926, Okeh has been a subsidiary of Columbia Records, a subsidiary of Sony Music. Okeh is a Jazz imprint distributed by Sony Masterworks, a specialty label of Columbia.", "Q1185": "Karnataka (ISO: Karn\u0101\u1e6daka, Kannada pronunciation: [k\u0250na\u02d0\u0288\u0250ka]) is a state in the south western region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as the State of Mysore, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973. The state corresponds to the Carnatic region. The capital is Bangalore and is the largest city.\nKarnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Telangana to the northeast, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the south. The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres (74,122 sq mi), or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India. It is the sixth largest Indian state by area. With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population, comprising 30 districts. Kannada, one of the classical languages of India, is the most widely spoken and official language of the state. Other languages spoken include Urdu, Konkani, Marathi, Tulu, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kodava and Beary. Karnataka also contains some of the only villages in India where Sanskrit is primarily spoken.The two main river systems of the state are the Krishna and its tributaries, the Bhima, Ghataprabha, Vedavathi, Malaprabha and Tungabhadra in North Karnataka, and the Kaveri and its tributaries, the Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavati, Lakshmana Thirtha and Kabini, in South Karnataka. Most of these rivers flow out of Karnataka eastward, reaching the sea at the Bay of Bengal. Other prominent rivers such as the Sharavati in Shimoga and Netravati in Dakshina Kannada flow westward, reaching the sea at the Arabian Sea.\nThough several etymologies have been suggested for the name Karnataka, the generally accepted one is that Karnataka is derived from the Kannada words karu and n\u0101du, meaning \"elevated land\". Karu Nadu may also be read as karu, meaning \"black\" and nadu, meaning \"region\", as a reference to the black cotton soil found in the Bayalu Seeme region of the state. The British used the word Carnatic, sometimes Karnatak, to describe both sides of peninsular India, south of the Krishna.With an antiquity that dates to the paleolithic, Karnataka has been home to some of the most powerful empires of ancient and medieval India. The philosophers and musical bards patronised by these empires launched socio-religious and literary movements which have endured to the present day. Karnataka has contributed significantly to both forms of Indian classical music, the Carnatic and Hindustani traditions.\nThe economy of Karnataka is the fourth-largest of any Indian state with \u20b915.35 trillion (US$220 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of \u20b9210,000 (US$2,900). Karnataka has the nineteenth highest ranking among Indian states in Human Development Index.", "Q1095428": "Clarence Horton Greene (June 26, 1894 \u2013 October 22, 1961) was an American musician and recording artist, noted for his fiddle and guitar work, and a pioneer in country music of the 1920s.", "Q327755": "There is also a Werner Thomas who is the mayor of Itzgrund, Germany.Werner Thomas is an accordionist from Davos, Switzerland credited with composing a tune popularly known as the \"Chicken Dance\" or the \"Birdie Song\" while working as a restaurant musician in during the early 1960s.\n\n", "Q621879": "Alexander Nikolaievich Prokofiev de Seversky (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0444\u044c\u0435\u0432-\u0421\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) (June 7, 1894 \u2013 August 24, 1974) was a Russian-American aviation pioneer, inventor, and influential advocate of strategic air power.", "Q55381": "Jacques Becker (French: [b\u025bk\u025b\u0281]; 15 September 1906 \u2013 21 February 1960) was a French screenwriter and film director.\nBecker first worked in the 1930s as an assistant to director Jean Renoir during what is considered the latter's peak period, including such works as Partie de campagne (1936) and La Grande Illusion (1937). In the early part of World War II, Becker was held in a German prisoner-of-war camp for a year. During the Nazi occupation of France, he became a film director in his own right and he also joined the Comit\u00e9 de lib\u00e9ration du cin\u00e9ma fran\u00e7ais. He would go on to direct the period romance Casque d'or (1952), the influential gangster film Touchez pas au grisbi (1954), and the prison escape drama Le Trou (1959). While he remains lesser-known internationally than peers such as Marcel Carn\u00e9 and Renoir, Becker is now nonetheless regarded as a major French filmmaker.. It was not always so. The critics who, at the time of Becker's death, were recognized as the filmmakers of the French New Wave were among the very few writers of their time to recognize and exalt Becker's artistry. (For that matter, he had hinted, in \u201cRendezvous in July,\u201d at their future existence.) Their affinities were predicted even before. As early as 1944, Becker celebrated the artist of filmmaking as \u201cthe auteur (i.e., author) of films,\u201d and, in a 1947 article titled \u201cThe Author of Films: A Complete Author?,\u201d he went into detail on the subject of the director as \u201cauteur,\u201d saying that \u201cThe author of a talking film tells a story with images, words, and sounds,\u201d and emphasizing the importance of directors working on their own screenplays and making their films \u201cpersonal,\u201d whether the subject was one of their own invention or one provided by another writer. Becker proved his ideas with his films, even before the future New Wave, following in his footsteps, did the same. His films don't merely reflect and criticize the moods and mores of the times; they embody and foretell the artistic history of the era, the future history of the cinema.One reason Becker has been so regularly overlooked \u2014 even with such acknowledged classics like Le Trou, Touchez Pas au Grisbi, and Casque d\u2019Or on his relatively slender r\u00e9sum\u00e9 \u2014 is because he is so hard to pin down tonally or narratively. He made period pieces, romantic dramas, comedies, gangster flicks. His work displays a certain patience toward his material and a generosity towards his characters, but often to varied ends; there's no overt, consistent Jacques Becker \u201cfeeling\u201d or \u201csensibility.\u201d At least, not in the traditional sense. An admiring Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut once wrote, \u201cBecker is an intimate and realistic filmmaker who is in love with verisimilitude and everyday realities.Jean-Paul Gaultier told the New Yorker that Becker's 1945 film Falbalas made him want to go into fashion. The film is about a Parisian dressmaker who seduces his best friend's fianc\u00e9e. It provided a detailed look at the fashion industry of the time, and shaped Gaultier's ideas of what that world would be like.Becker was called by critic-director Bertrand Tavernier \u201cthe finest French filmmaker of the \u201940s and \u201950s, the most even in quality, the smartest in his choices.\"", "Q429251": "Dominique Desseigne (born 19 August 1944 in Commercy) is a French businessperson. He is the chief executive of Groupe Lucien Barri\u00e8re.After refusing to submit to a paternity test, he was recognized by a court of law as the father of Rachida Dati's child.\n\n", "Q84916": "Hans Grade (May 17, 1879 \u2013 October 22, 1946) was a German aviation pioneer.Hans Grade was born in K\u00f6slin, Pomerania. On 28 October 1908 he successfully conducted the first motor-flight over German soil in a motorised triplane aircraft of his own construction at Magdeburg. \nA year later, on 30 October 1909, flying a new monoplane design he won the 40.000 Reichsmark \"Lanz-Preis der Lufte\", for the first German to fly a flat \"8\" in a German aircraft with German engine around two pylons 1000 meters apart.\nIn 1910 he established the first aviation school in Germany.\nA Grade monoplane carried Germany's first air mail, when pilot Pentz made a flight from Bork to Bruck in February 1912 with a small sack of mail in his lap. Although successful, Grade monoplanes did not become as famous as many contemporary European designs, and for this reason comparatively few were built. \nIn 1921 he established an automobile company called \"Grade Automobilwerke AG\", which produced small, 2 seater personal cars.\nThe small aircraft company, founded with this money, did not survived the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. His extraordinary construction of driving a car with no use of a gear-box did not stand against the established constructions. \nThe Grade Automobilwerke AG was closed in 1927 owing to financial difficulties. After the Nazi takeover in 1933 Grade tried, without success, to develop a new Volksflugzeug and in 1934 he undertook research projects for the German aircraft manufacturers.On May 14, 1939 he re-flew his original monoplane from 1909, then 30 years old, at Berlin Tempelhof Airport for about 550 metres to celebrate his sixtieth birthday.Hans Grade died in 1946 at the age of 67 in Borkheide.", "Q953174": "Democratic Left Alliance (since February 2020 officially known as the New Left) (Polish: Nowa Lewica, NL) is a social-democratic political party in Poland. It was formed in 1991 as an electoral alliance of centre-left parties, and became a single party on 15 April 1999. The party is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance.", "Q375775": "The Medallion (Chinese: \u98db\u9f8d\u518d\u751f) is a 2003 action comedy film co-written and directed by the Hong Kong film director Gordon Chan, and starring Jackie Chan, Lee Evans, Claire Forlani and Julian Sands. It was much less successful than Chan's other American films such as the Rush Hour film series, Shanghai Noon and its sequel, Shanghai Knights. The film was theatrically released on 15 August 2003 in Hong Kong and 22 August 2003 in the United States by TriStar Pictures.\nIn the story, Eddie (Chan) is a Hong Kong police officer hired by the Interpol to capture a crime lord known as Snakehead (Sands) and prevent him from kidnapping a chosen boy with special powers and a medallion that gives superhuman power and immortality. Much of the film features supernatural and mystical themes, though it is filled with action and comedy. The film received negative reviews from critics and it earned $34,268,701 on a $41 million budget.\n\n", "Q76558": "Siegbert Tarrasch (German: [\u02c8zi\u02d0\u0261b\u0250t \u02c8tara\u0283]; 5 March 1862 \u2013 17 February 1934) was one of the strongest chess players and most influential chess teachers of the late 19th and early 20th century.\nTarrasch was born in Breslau (Wroc\u0142aw), Prussian Silesia. Having finished school in 1880, he left Breslau to study medicine in Halle. With his family, he settled in Nuremberg, Bavaria, and later in Munich, setting up a successful medical practice. He had five children. Tarrasch was Jewish, converted to Christianity in 1909, and was a patriotic German who lost a son in World War I, yet he faced antisemitism in the early stages of the Third Reich.", "Q3310591": "Michel Pigeon (born 1945) is a Canadian politician. Pigeon was elected to represent the riding of Charlesbourg in the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2008 provincial election. He is a member of the Quebec Liberal Party.\nPigeon received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the Laval University. He also made studies at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, England. He later worked as an engineer until 1972 where he worked as a professor in the Department of Engineering at Laval. From 2002 to 2007, he was also rector for the university.\nPigeon defeated the ADQ's Catherine Morissette in Charlesbourg in the 2008 elections.", "Q2967590": "Charles Francis \"Chuck\" Feeney (born April 23, 1931) is an Irish-American businessman and philanthropist and the founder of The Atlantic Philanthropies, one of the largest private foundations in the world. He made his fortune as a co-founder of the Duty Free Shoppers Group, which pioneered the concept of duty-free shopping. Feeney gave away his fortune in secret for many years, until a business dispute resulted in his identity being revealed in 1997. Over the course of his life, Feeney has given away more than $8 billion.Feeney is known for his frugality, living in a rented apartment, not owning a car or a house, and flying economy-class.", "Q154717": "Robert Woodruff Anderson (April 28, 1917 \u2013 February 9, 2009) was an American playwright, screenwriter, and theatrical producer. He received two Academy Award nominations for Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium, for the drama films The Nun's Story (1959) and I Never Sang for My Father (1970).", "Q186889": "Nausea is a diffuse sensation of unease and discomfort, often perceived as an urge to vomit. While not painful, it can be a debilitating symptom if prolonged, and has been described as placing discomfort on the chest, upper abdomen, or back of the throat.Nausea is a non-specific symptom, which means that it has many possible causes. Some common causes of nausea are gastroenteritis and other gastrointestinal disorders, food poisoning, motion sickness, dizziness, migraine, fainting and low blood sugar. Nausea is a side effect of many medications including chemotherapy, or morning sickness in early pregnancy. Nausea may also be caused by disgust and depression.Medications taken to prevent and treat nausea are called antiemetics. The most commonly prescribed antiemetics in the US are promethazine, metoclopramide and the newer, extremely effective ondansetron. The word nausea is from Latin nausea, from Greek \u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u2013 nausia, \"\u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\" \u2013 nautia, motion sickness, \"feeling sick or queasy\".", "Q1042416": "Carlo Riva (24 February 1922 \u2013 10 April 2017) was an Italian motorboat designer and builder, famed for his luxurious runabouts.\nThe runabouts built by Italian builder Carlo Riva are considered by many to be premier European examples of the type. The most famous Riva of all time was the Carlo Riva design called the Aquarama Special.\nRiva's history dates back to 1842, when Pietro Riva began building boats at Sarnico, a small northern Italian town on the shores of Lago d\u2019Iseo. By the 1930s the business was managed by Pietro's grandson, Serafino, and the company had become a leading manufacturer of small racing boats, many of which he raced himself. At the same time it began building pleasure boats. In the 1950s Serafino's son Carlo transformed the business, and in due course the Riva brand became a worldwide legend sought out by screen stars, royalty and businessmen alike. Famous customers included Brigitte Bardot, Sophia Loren, Peter Sellers and many more besides. A succession of owners have owned the company since Carlo Riva sold it in the early 1970s, and today the firm is owned by the Ferretti Group.", "Q2977783": "Major General Claude Martin (5 January 1735 \u2013 13 September 1800) was an officer in the French, and later the English East India Company's army in India. He rose to the position of Major General in the English East India Company's Bengal Army. Martin was born in Lyon, France, into a humble background, and was a self-made man who has left a substantial lasting legacy in the form of his writings, buildings and the educational institutions he founded posthumously. There are now ten schools named after him, two in Lucknow, two in Calcutta and six in Lyon. The small village of Martin Purwa in India was also named after him.", "Q102551": "Ernest Borgnine (; born Ermes Effron Borgnino; January 24, 1917 \u2013 July 8, 2012) was an American actor whose career spanned over six decades. He was noted for his gruff but calm voice and gap-toothed Cheshire Cat grin. A popular performer, he also appeared as a guest on numerous talk shows and as a panelist on several game shows.\nBorgnine's film career began in 1951, and included supporting roles in China Corsair (1951), From Here to Eternity (1953), Vera Cruz (1954), Bad Day at Black Rock (1955) and The Wild Bunch (1969). He also played the unconventional lead in many films, winning the Oscar for Best Actor for Marty (1955). He achieved continuing success in the sitcom McHale's Navy (1962\u20131966), in which he played the title character, and co-starred as Dominic Santini in the action series Airwolf (1984\u20131986), in addition to a wide variety of other roles.\nBorgnine earned his third Primetime Emmy Award nomination at age 92 for his work on the 2009 series finale of ER. He was known as the original voice of Mermaid Man on SpongeBob SquarePants from 1999 until his death in 2012. He had earlier replaced the late Vic Tayback as the voice of the villainous Carface Caruthers in both All Dogs Go to Heaven 2 (1996) and All Dogs Go to Heaven: The Series (1996\u20131998).", "Q818377": "Gym Class Heroes was an American rap rock band from Geneva, New York. The group formed in 1997 when Travie McCoy met drummer Matt McGinley during their high school gym class. The band's music displays a wide variety of influences, including hip hop, rock, funk, and reggae. After the addition of guitarist Disashi Lumumba-Kasongo and bassist Eric Roberts in 2003, the group was signed to Fueled by Ramen and Decaydance Records (Fall Out Boy bassist Pete Wentz's independent record label), on which they released their debut album, The Papercut Chronicles. The group gained a strong fanbase while promoting the album, appearing at festivals such as The Bamboozle and Warped Tour.\nIn 2006, the group released the gold-selling album As Cruel as School Children. Since that release, the band's single \"Cupid's Chokehold\" reached number four on the Billboard Hot 100, and \"Clothes Off!!\" peaked at number five in the United Kingdom. On September 9, 2008, Gym Class Heroes released their third album, The Quilt, which contained numerous collaborations with other artists. The band went on hiatus in 2009, a time in which the members pursued various side projects. McCoy released his solo debut album Lazarus in June 2010. Lumumba-Kasongo has been working on his side-project Soul, while McGinley now drums in the rock group Kill the Frontman. The group released The Papercut Chronicles II on November 15, 2011. It has since become one of their most successful albums to date.", "Q495": "Turin ( tewr-IN, TEWR-in, Piedmontese: [ty\u02c8ri\u014b] (listen); Italian: Torino [to\u02c8ri\u02d0no] (listen); Latin: Augusta Taurinorum, then Taurinum) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is located mainly on the western bank of the Po River, in front of Susa Valley, and is surrounded by the western Alpine arch and Superga Hill. The population of the city proper is 875,698 (31 December 2018) while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants. The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million.The city used to be a major European political centre. From 1563, it was the capital of the Duchy of Savoy, then of the Kingdom of Sardinia ruled by the House of Savoy, and the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865. Turin is sometimes called \"the cradle of Italian liberty\" for having been the birthplace and home of notable individuals who contributed to the Risorgimento, such as Cavour. Even though much of its political significance and importance had been lost by World War II, Turin became a major European crossroad for industry, commerce and trade, and is part of the famous \"industrial triangle\" along with Milan and Genoa. Turin is ranked third in Italy, after Milan and Rome, for economic strength. With a GDP of $58 billion, Turin is the world's 78th richest city by purchasing power. As of 2018, the city has been ranked by GaWC as a Gamma World city. Turin is also home to much of the Italian automotive industry, with the headquarters of Fiat, Lancia and Alfa Romeo.The city has a rich culture and history, being known for its numerous art galleries, restaurants, churches, palaces, opera houses, piazzas, parks, gardens, theatres, libraries, museums and other venues. Turin is well known for its Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neo-classical, and Art Nouveau architecture. Many of Turin's public squares, castles, gardens and elegant palazzi such as the Palazzo Madama, were built between the 16th and 18th centuries. A part of the historical center of Turin was inscribed in the World Heritage List under the name Residences of the Royal House of Savoy. In addition, the city is home to museums such as the Museo Egizio and the Mole Antonelliana which in turn hosts the Museo Nazionale del Cinema. Turin's attractions make it one of the world's top 250 tourist destinations and the tenth most visited city in Italy in 2008. The city also hosts some of Italy's best universities, colleges, academies, lycea and gymnasia, such as the University of Turin, founded in the 15th century, and the Turin Polytechnic. Turin is well known as the home of the Shroud of Turin, the football teams Juventus F.C. and Torino F.C., and as host of the 2006 Winter Olympics.", "Q68766": "Brione (Verzasca) is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q231645": "Setagaya (\u4e16\u7530\u8c37\u533a, Setagaya-ku) is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. It is also the name of a neighborhood and administrative district within the ward. The ward calls itself Setagaya City in English. Its official bird is the azure-winged magpie, its flower the fringed orchid, and its tree the Zelkova serrata.\nSetagaya has the largest population and second largest area (after \u014cta) of Tokyo's special wards. As of January 1, 2020, the ward has an estimated population of 939,099, and a population density of 16,177 persons per km\u00b2 with the total area of 58.06 km\u00b2.", "Q114333": "David Selbourne (born 4 June 1937) is a British political philosopher, social commentator and historian of ideas. He was educated at Manchester Grammar School, and Balliol College, Oxford, where he studied Jurisprudence, held the Winter Williams Law Scholarship, and was awarded a Paton Studentship and the Jenkins Law Prize. He was thereafter a British Commonwealth Fellow at the University of Chicago Law School, and in 1960 was called to the bar of the Inner Temple where he was student scholar, but did not practise law. He is the father of Raphael Selbourne, winner of the 2009 Costa First Book Award.\n\n", "Q70129": "Miglieglia (Italian pronunciation: [mi\u028e\u02c8\u028ee\u028e\u028ea]; Lombard: Mijoja) is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q711010": "Aleksandr Fyodorovich Poleshchuk (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0449\u0443\u043a, born October 30, 1953) is a Russian cosmonaut.\nBorn in Cheremkhovo, Irkutsk region, he graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute in 1977 with a mechanical engineering diploma. He then joined RSC Energia as a test engineer, where he was occupied with perfecting repair and assembly techniques performed during space flights. He has extensive experience in test work under simulated weightlessness conditions. In February 1989 he was selected as a test cosmonaut candidate (1989 Cosmonaut Candidates Class, Group 14, Civil Specialists). From September 1989 to January 1991 he underwent the complete course of general space training and was qualified as a test cosmonaut, and then till March 1992 he undertook advanced training for the Soyuz-TM transport vehicle and Mir station flight.\nIn 1992 he was selected as the backup flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-15 joint Russian-French mission, and consequently nominated as the flight engineer of the prime crew of Soyuz TM-16. In space from January 24 to July 22, 1993, he participated in a 179-day space flight with Gennady Manakov. During the flight he performed two EVAs totaling 9 hours and 58 minutes. Also testing of the androgynous peripheral docking subassembly of the Kristall module was performed.\nOctober 1994 to March 1995 he trained as back-up flight engineer for the Soyuz TM-21 transport vehicle and Mir Station 18th primary expedition flights.\nPoleshchuk is married and has one daughter.", "Q152366": "Liberty Hyde Bailey (March 15, 1858 \u2013 December 25, 1954) was an American horticulturist and botanist who was cofounder of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Bailey is credited with being instrumental in starting agricultural extension services, the 4-H movement, the nature study movement, parcel post and rural electrification. He was considered the father of rural sociology and rural journalism.", "Q210853": "Justin (Latin: Marcus Junianus Justinus Frontinus; c.\u2009second century) was a Latin writer who lived under the Roman Empire.", "Q868848": "Golden Valley is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. It is a western suburb of Minneapolis and is the main corporate headquarters of General Mills and Pentair. Golden Valley is also the home of NBC affiliate KARE, Honeywell off-shoot Resideo Technologies, the Perpich Center for Arts Education and Breck School. The population was 20,371 at the 2010 census.", "Q571748": "Erbach is a town and the district seat of the Odenwaldkreis (district) in Hesse, Germany. It has a population of around 13,000.", "Q663492": "The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation, commonly known as EUROCONTROL, is an international organisation working to achieve safe and seamless air traffic management across Europe. Founded in 1960, EUROCONTROL currently has 41 member states and is headquartered in Brussels, Belgium, with local sites in Br\u00e9tigny-sur-Orge, France for its R&D activities, the Institute of Air Navigation Training (IANS) a training centre in Luxembourg, and the Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre (MUAC). The organisation employs approximately two thousand people and operates with an annual budget in excess of half a billion Euro.Although EUROCONTROL is not an agency of the European Union, the EU has delegated parts of its Single European Sky regulations to EUROCONTROL, making it the central organisation for coordination and planning of air traffic control for all of Europe. The EU itself is a signatory of EUROCONTROL and all EU member states are presently also members of EUROCONTROL. The organisation works with national authorities, air navigation service providers, civil and military airspace users, airports, and other organisations. Its activities involve all gate-to-gate air navigation service operations: strategic and tactical flow management, controller training, regional control of airspace, safety-proofed technologies and procedures, and collection of air navigation charges.", "Q1361511": "Alexander Montgomery Carlisle, PC (8 July 1854 \u2013 6 March 1926) brother-in-law to Viscount Pirrie, was one of the men involved with designing the Olympic-class ocean liners in the shipbuilding company Harland and Wolff. His main area of responsibility was the ships' safety systems such as the watertight compartments and lifeboats. As a Privy Councillor, he was known as \"The Right Honorable\". \nWhile working on the liners, Carlisle had some minor disputes with Lord Pirrie over the number of lifeboats required for a vessel of this size. Pirrie, the chairman of Harland and Wolff, was satisfied that the number of lifeboats supplied more than met the board of trade regulations. Carlisle then retired and did not have anything more to do with shipbuilding. Thomas Andrews, Pirrie's nephew, was then made master shipbuilder. While some contemporary documentaries claimed Carlisle retired in anger due to Pirrie not accepting his lifeboat recommendations, it was more likely due to health issues. The Olympic-class liners were the last ships that Carlisle was involved with.", "Q912896": "Brian Con Penton (21 August 1904 \u2013 24 August 1951) was an Australian journalist and novelist. He was born at Ascot, a suburb of Brisbane, and educated at Brisbane Grammar School.", "Q363117": "Martin Brest (born August 8, 1951) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer.", "Q78575": "Benita Ferrero-Waldner (born 5 September 1948) is an Austrian diplomat and politician, and a member of the conservative Austrian People's Party (\u00d6VP). Ferrero-Waldner served as the Foreign Minister of Austria 2000\u20132004 and was the candidate of the Austrian People's Party in the 2004 Austrian presidential election, which she narrowly lost with 47.6% of the votes. She served as the European Commissioner for External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy from 2004 to 2009, and as the European Commissioner for Trade and European Neighbourhood Policy from 2009 to 2010.", "Q57596": "Shawn Paul Bradley (born March 22, 1972) is a German-American former basketball player who played center for the Philadelphia 76ers, New Jersey Nets, and Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). At 7 ft 6.36 in (2.30 m) tall, Bradley was one of the tallest players in NBA history. Bradley was born in Landstuhl, West Germany as his family was stationed at the U.S. Military base medical facility, and grew up in Castle Dale, Utah. He also holds German citizenship. Bradley was featured in the ESPN 30 for 30 short documentary \"Posterized\" given his propensity \"for being on the wrong end of a lot of great dunks.\"", "Q1383580": "Joe Purdy is an American singer/songwriter who has released fourteen albums over the last fifteen years. In 2017, Purdy made his acting debut in American Folk.\n\n", "Q422310": "Chris Marquette (born Christopher George Rodriguez; October 3, 1984) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in such films as The Tic Code, Freddy vs. Jason, The Girl Next Door, Just Friends, Alpha Dog and Fanboys.", "Q67441": "Princess Marie Caroline of Battenberg (German: Prinzessin Marie Karoline von Battenberg; 15 February 1852 \u2013 20 June 1923) was a Princess of Battenberg and, by marriage, the Princess of Erbach-Sch\u00f6nberg. She worked as a writer and translator.", "Q260378": "Victoria Claflin Woodhull, later Victoria Woodhull Martin (September 23, 1838 \u2013 June 9, 1927), was an American leader of the women's suffrage movement. In 1872, she ran for President of the United States. While many historians and authors agree that Woodhull was the first woman to run for President of the United States, some have questioned that priority given issues with the legality of her run. They disagree with classifying it as a true candidacy because she was younger than the constitutionally mandated age of 35. (Woodhull's 35th birthday was in September 1873, seven months after the March inauguration). However, election coverage by contemporary newspapers does not suggest age was a significant issue; this may, however, be due to the fact that no one took the candidacy seriously.\nAn activist for women's rights and labor reforms, Woodhull was also an advocate of \"free love\", by which she meant the freedom to marry, divorce and bear children without social restriction or government interference. \"They cannot roll back the rising tide of reform,\" she often said. \"The world moves.\"Woodhull twice went from rags to riches, her first fortune being made on the road as a magnetic healer before she joined the spiritualist movement in the 1870s. Authorship of many of her articles is disputed (many of her speeches on these topics were collaborations between Woodhull, her backers, and her second husband, Colonel James Blood). However, despite her ethical problems, her role as a representative of these movements was powerful. Together with her sister, Tennessee Claflin, she was the first woman to operate a brokerage firm on Wall Street, making a second, and more reputable fortune. They were among the first women to found a newspaper in the United States, Woodhull & Claflin's Weekly, which began publication in 1870.Woodhull was politically active in the early 1870s, when she was nominated as the first woman candidate for the United States presidency. Woodhull was the candidate in 1872 from the Equal Rights Party, supporting women's suffrage and equal rights; her running mate was black abolitionist leader Frederick Douglass. A check on her activities occurred when she was arrested on obscenity charges a few days before the election. Her paper had published an account of the alleged adulterous affair between the prominent minister Henry Ward Beecher and Elizabeth Richards Tilton which had rather more detail than was considered proper at the time. However, it all added to the sensational coverage of her candidacy.", "Q434572": "Ellie Anne Harvie (born April 7, 1965) is a Canadian actress who portrayed Morticia on The New Addams Family. Later, she starred as Dr. Lindsey Novak in Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis.\nHarvie was the youngest of five children born into a U.S. Air Force family. They eventually settled in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. Harvie later attended the University of Manitoba, where she earned a degree in political studies. After graduating, Harvie moved to Vancouver with her family in 1987, where she took up a two-year course at the Vancouver Playhouse Theatre School. \nHer love of stand-up comedy and improv led to extra work in TheatreSports. After training at the Vancouver Playhouse Acting School, Harvie embarked on years of theatre touring British Columbia's schools with \"Greenthumb Theatre\", performing in scads of Fringe Festivals and then the big stages. \nAs part of the Vancouver TheatreSports team, Harvie won the 1995 Just for Laughs Improv Tournament championship held in Montreal, beating competitors from across the world.Harvie also appeared in Cupid, The X-Files, Nightscream and The 6th Day. She received a Gold medal in CBC's 1998 Improv Olympics and a Gemini nomination for Best Comedy Performance in a series or Special. She also took over from Wendie Malick as Burdine Maxwell from the second TV season of Bratz.\nShe portrayed Candace/Mrs. Bubkes on the YTV teen comedy series, Some Assembly Required.\nOn November 24, 2012 Harvie hosted the inaugural UBCP/ACTRA Awards, which aims to honour acting talent in British Columbia.\nHarvie has also starred as Lillian Tibbett on Hallmark Movies & Mysteries Channel Series An Aurora Teagarden Mystery Series (2015-2018).", "Q3786": "Esslingen am Neckar is a city in the Stuttgart Region of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in southern Germany, seat of the District of Esslingen as well as the largest city in the district. Within Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg it is the 11th largest city.\nIt is located on the Neckar River, about 14 kilometres (9 miles) southeast of Stuttgart city center. The regions surrounding the city of Esslingen are also mostly developed.\nEsslingen was a free imperial city for several centuries until it was annexed by W\u00fcrttemberg in 1802.\nThe German Timber-Frame Road passes through the city.", "Q114327": "Claude Farell, real name Monika Burg, also known as Paulette Colar, Catherine Farell, Paulette Kolar and Paulette von Suchan (7 May 1914 \u2013 17 March 2008) was an Austrian actress.\n\n", "Q36168": "Bridgetown (UN/LOCODE: BB BGI) is the capital and largest city of Barbados. Formerly The Town of Saint Michael, the Greater Bridgetown area is located within the parish of Saint Michael. Bridgetown is sometimes locally referred to as \"The City\", but the most common reference is simply \"Town\". As of 2014, its metropolitan population stands at roughly 110,000.\nThe Bridgetown port, found along Carlisle Bay (at 13.106\u00b0N 59.632\u00b0W\ufeff / 13.106; -59.632\ufeff (Bridgetown port)) lies on the southwestern coast of the island. Parts of the Greater Bridgetown area (as roughly defined by the Ring Road Bypass or more commonly known as the ABC Highway), sit close to the borders of the neighbouring parishes Christ Church and St. James. The Grantley Adams International Airport for Barbados, is located 16 kilometres (10 mi) southeast of Bridgetown city centre, and has daily flights to major cities in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada and the Caribbean. There is no longer a local municipal government, but it is a constituency of the national Parliament. During the short-lived 1950s-1960s Federation of the British West Indian Territories, Bridgetown was one of three capital cities within the region being considered to be the Federal capital of region.The present-day location of the city was established by English settlers in 1628; a previous settlement under the authority of Sir William Courten was at St. James Town. Bridgetown is a major West Indies tourist destination, and the city acts as an important financial, informatics, convention centre, and cruise ship port of call in the Caribbean region. On 25 June 2011, \"Historic Bridgetown and its Garrison\" was added as a World Heritage Site of UNESCO.", "Q68772": "Mergoscia is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q1950678": "Charles Elachi (born April 18, 1947 in Lebanon) is a Lebanese-American professor (emeritus) of electrical engineering and planetary science at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). From 2001 to 2016 he was director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and vice president of Caltech.", "Q66987": "Johannes Andreas Quenstedt (13 August 1617 \u2013 22 May 1688) was a German Lutheran dogmatician in the Lutheran scholastic tradition.\nQuenstedt was born at Quedlinburg, a nephew of Johann Gerhard. He was educated at the University of Helmstedt, 1637\u201343, and at the University of Wittenberg, 1644, where afterwards he lectured on geography; was adjunct professor in the philosophical faculty, 1646\u201349; ordinary professor of logic and metaphysics and associate professor of theology, 1649\u201360; and ordinary professor of theology, 1660\u201388 until his death.\nQuenstedt represents the old orthodox reaction after the period of reconstruction had set in. The fruit of his thirty years of work in the university lectureship was published in the Theologia didactico-polemica sive systema theologicum (Wittenberg, 1685; Leipzig, 1715), a work according to the strictest standard of Lutheran orthodoxy, based upon the Theologia, positiva acroamatica of his teacher, Johann Friedrich K\u00f6nig, and characterized by external dogmatization instead of a development of the subject from within, and abounding in artful scholastic refinements.\nQuenstedt was noted among his contemporaries for his mild, irenic spirit and retiring, pious disposition, which is also shown by his Ethica pastorum et instructio cathedralis (1678), in which he advises to temper severity with gentleness in resisting heretics, and to distinguish between the tempters and the tempted; warns against pedantry in the pulpit; and recommends the reading of Johann Arndt's Vom wahren Christenthum. His other works include the Dialogus de patriis illustrium doctrina et scriptis virorum (Wittenberg, 1654), and a collection of dissertations, Exercitationes de theologia in genere ejusque principio sancta scriptura (1677).", "Q520275": "George Wilcken Romney (July 8, 1907 \u2013 July 26, 1995) was an American businessman and Republican Party politician. He was chairman and president of American Motors Corporation from 1954 to 1962, the 43rd Governor of Michigan from 1963 to 1969, and the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 1969 to 1973. He was the father of former Governor of Massachusetts, 2012 Republican presidential nominee and current United States Senator from Utah Mitt Romney, husband of 1970 U.S. Senate candidate Lenore Romney, and grandfather of current Republican National Committee chair Ronna McDaniel.\nRomney was born to American parents living in the Mormon colonies in Mexico; events during the Mexican Revolution forced his family to flee back to the United States when he was a child. The family lived in several states and ended up in Salt Lake City, Utah, where they struggled during the Great Depression. Romney worked in a number of jobs, served as a Mormon missionary in the United Kingdom, and attended several colleges in the U.S. but did not graduate from any of them. In 1939 he moved to Detroit and joined the American Automobile Manufacturers Association, where he served as the chief spokesman for the automobile industry during World War II and headed a cooperative arrangement in which companies could share production improvements. He joined Nash-Kelvinator in 1948, and became the chief executive of its successor, American Motors Corporation, in 1954. There he turned around the struggling firm by focusing all efforts on the compact Rambler car. Romney mocked the products of the \"Big Three\" automakers as \"gas-guzzling dinosaurs\" and became one of the first high-profile, media-savvy business executives. Devoutly religious, he presided over the Detroit Stake of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.\nHaving entered politics by participating in a state constitutional convention to rewrite the Michigan Constitution during 1961\u20131962, Romney was elected Governor of Michigan in 1962. Re-elected by increasingly large margins in 1964 and 1966, he worked to overhaul the state's financial and revenue structure, greatly expanding the size of state government and introducing Michigan's first state income tax. Romney was a strong supporter of the American Civil Rights Movement. He briefly represented moderate Republicans against conservative Republican Barry Goldwater during the 1964 U.S. presidential election. He requested the intervention of federal troops during the 1967 Detroit riot.\nInitially a front runner for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 1968 election, he proved an ineffective campaigner and fell behind Richard Nixon in polls. After a mid-1967 remark that his earlier support for the Vietnam War had been due to a \"brainwashing\" by U.S. military and diplomatic officials in Vietnam, his campaign faltered even more and he withdrew from the contest in early 1968. After Nixon's election as president, he appointed Romney as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Romney's ambitious plans for housing production increases for the poor, and for open housing to desegregate suburbs, were modestly successful but often thwarted by Nixon. Romney left the administration at the start of Nixon's second term in 1973. Returning to private life, he advocated volunteerism and public service, and headed the National Center for Voluntary Action and its successor organizations from 1973 through 1991. He also served as a regional representative of the Twelve within his church.", "Q78561": "Helmut Berger (German pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u025blmu\u02d0t \u02c8b\u025b\u0281\u0261\u0250] (listen); born Helmut Steinberger; 29 May 1944) is an Austrian film and television actor. Berger, who often portrayed narcissistic and sexually ambiguous characters, was one of the best-known stars of the European cinema in the late 1960s and 1970s.\nBerger is most famous for his work with Luchino Visconti, particularly in his performance as King Ludwig II of Bavaria in Ludwig, for which he received a special David di Donatello award, and his performance in The Damned for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. He appears primarily in European cinema, but has also acted in American productions such as The Godfather Part III as well as a guest appearance on the soap opera, Dynasty.", "Q694768": "Ulrich Schnauss (born 1977) is a German electronic musician and producer based in London, England. In 2014 he became a member of Tangerine Dream.", "Q159227": "Karel Kram\u00e1\u0159 (27 December 1860 \u2013 26 May 1937) was a Czech politician. He was a representative of the major Czech political party, the Young Czechs, in the Austrian Imperial Council from 1891 to 1915 (where he was also known as Karl Kramarsch), becoming the party leader in 1897.\nDuring the First World War, Kram\u00e1\u0159 was imprisoned for treason against Austria-Hungary but later released under an amnesty. In 1918, he headed the Czechoslovak National Committee in Prague, which declared independence on 28 October. Kram\u00e1\u0159 became the first Prime Minister of the new state but resigned over policy differences less than a year later. Although he remained a member of the National Assembly until his death in 1937, his conservative nationalism was out of tune with the main political establishment, represented by the figures of Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue Masaryk and Edvard Bene\u0161.", "Q2991574": "Com\u0153dia was a French literary and artistic paper founded by Henri Desgrange on 1 October 1907 (Desgrange had already founded L'Auto). According to Richard Abel, it provides one of the most complete sources of cultural history in France just prior to World War I.", "Q25672": "Konstantin Alexander Karl Wilhelm Christoph Graf von Benckendorff, (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0444, Alexander Khristoforovich Benkendorf, 4 July [O.S. 23 June] 1781 or 1783 \u2013 5 October [O.S. 11 September or 23 September] 1844), was a Baltic German Cavalry General and statesman, Adjutant General of Tsar Alexander I, a commander of partisan (Kossak irregular) units during the War of 1812-13. However, he is most frequently remembered for his later role, under Tsar Nicholas I, as the founding head of the Gendarmes and the Secret Police in Imperial Russia.", "Q331123": "W. Franke Harling (January 18, 1887 \u2013 November 22, 1958) was a composer of film scores, operas, and popular music.", "Q589781": "Bradley Glenn \"Butch\" Walker (born November 14, 1969) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and record producer. He was the lead guitarist for the glam metal band SouthGang from the late 1980s to early 1990s as well as the lead vocalist and guitarist for rock band Marvelous 3 from 1997 until 2001.", "Q273462": "Vnukovo International Airport, formally \"Vnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport\" (Russian: \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0412\u043d\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e, IPA: [\u02c8vnuk\u0259v\u0259]) (IATA: VKO, ICAO: UUWW) is a dual-runway international airport located in Vnukovo District, 28 kilometres (17 mi) southwest of the centre of Moscow, Russia. It is one of the four major airports that serve Moscow, along with Moscow Domodedovo Airport, Sheremetyevo International Airport, and Zhukovsky International Airport. In 2019, the airport handled 24.01 million passengers, representing an increase of 12% compared to the previous year. It is the third-busiest airport in the former USSR.", "Q110141": "Fritz Hoopts (1875\u20131945) was a German stage and film actor.", "Q42831": "Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev (English: ; Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432, tr. Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev, IPA: [\u026a\u02c8van s\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8\u0261\u02b2e\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 t\u028ar\u02c8\u0261\u02b2en\u02b2\u026af]; November 9 [O.S. October 28] 1818 \u2013 September 3, 1883) was a Russian novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, translator and popularizer of Russian literature in the West.\nHis first major publication, a short story collection entitled A Sportsman's Sketches (1852), was a milestone of Russian realism, and his novel Fathers and Sons (1862) is regarded as one of the major works of 19th-century fiction.", "Q64148": "The Third Part of the Night (Polish: Trzecia cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 nocy) is a 1971 Polish avant-garde horror film directed by Andrzej \u017bu\u0142awski.", "Q146307": "D\u011b\u010d\u00edn (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025f\u025bt\u0283i\u02d0n]; German: Tetschen, 1942\u201345: Tetschen\u2013Bodenbach) is a city in the \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem Region in the north of the Czech Republic. It is the largest municipality and administrative seat of the D\u011b\u010d\u00edn District. From 1938 to 1945 it was one of the municipalities in Sudetenland, then controlled by Nazi Germany.", "Q1191": "Maharashtra (; Marathi: [m\u0259hara\u02d0\u0282\u0288r\u0259] (listen), abbr. MH) is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. It is the second-most populous state and third-largest state by area. Spread over 307,713 km2 (118,809 sq mi), it is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south, Telangana to the southeast and Chhattisgarh to the east, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh to the north, and the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu to the north west. It is also the world's second-most populous subnational entity.\nMaharashtra was formed on 1 May 1960 by merging the western and south-western parts of the Bombay State, Berar and Vidarbha, and the north-western parts of the Hyderabad State and splitting Saurashtra (in present-day Gujarat) by the States Reorganisation Act. It has over 112 million inhabitants and its capital, Mumbai, has a population around 18.4 million making it the most populous urban area in India. Nagpur hosts the winter session of the state legislature. Pune is known as the 'Oxford of the East' due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions. Nashik is known as the 'Wine Capital of India' as it has the largest number of wineries and vineyards in the country.\nThe Godavari and the Krishna are the two major rivers in the state. The Narmada and Tapi Rivers flow near the border between Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. Maharashtra is the third-most urbanised state of India. Prior to Indian independence, Maharashtra was chronologically ruled by the Satavahana dynasty, Rashtrakuta dynasty, Western Chalukyas, Deccan sultanates, Mughals and Marathas, and the British. Ruins, monuments, tombs, forts, and places of worship left by these rulers are dotted around the state. They include the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of the Ajanta and Ellora caves. The numerous forts are associated with the life of Shivaji.\nMaharashtra is the most industrialised state in India while state capital Mumbai is India's financial and commercial capital. The state continues to be the single largest contributor to the national economy with a share of 15% in the country's gross domestic product (GDP). The economy of Maharashtra is the largest state economy in India with \u20b932.24 lakh crore (US$450 billion) in GDP and a per capita GDP of \u20b9216,000 (US$3,000). Maharashtra has the 15th highest ranking among Indian states in human development index.", "Q369348": "Perry McCarthy (born 3 March 1961) is a British racing driver, who drove for the Andrea Moda team in Formula One in 1992, though never making it into a race, before moving into sportscars, including driving in the 24 Hours of Le Mans five times between 1996 and 2003.\nMcCarthy also portrayed The Stig in the first two series of BBC motoring show Top Gear.", "Q233046": "Anne Inez McCaffrey (1 April 1926 \u2013 21 November 2011) was an American-Irish writer known for the Dragonriders of Pern science fiction series. She was the first woman to win a Hugo Award for fiction (Best Novella, \"Weyr Search\", 1968) and the first to win a Nebula Award (Best Novella, \"Dragonrider\", 1969). Her 1978 novel The White Dragon became one of the first science-fiction books to appear on the New York Times Best Seller list.\nIn 2005 the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America named McCaffrey its 22nd Grand Master, an annual award to living writers of fantasy and science fiction. She was inducted by the Science Fiction Hall of Fame on 17 June 2006. She also received the Robert A. Heinlein Award for her work in 2007.", "Q947115": "Monroe (historically French: Poste-du-Ouachita) is the eighth-largest city in the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is the parish seat of Ouachita Parish. In the official 2010 census, Monroe had a population of 48,815. The municipal population declined by 8.1 percent over the past decade; it was 53,107 in the 2000 census. After a recheck in 2018, the Census Bureau changed the 2010 population from 48,815 to 47,877. Mayor Jamie Mayo, however, maintains that the Monroe population is more than 50,000 and indicated that he will pursue a continued challenge to the count.\n\n", "Q62539": "Gudrun Margarete Elfriede Emma Anna Burwitz (n\u00e9e Himmler, 8 August 1929 \u2013 24 May 2018) was the daughter of Heinrich Himmler and Margarete Himmler. Her father, as Reichsf\u00fchrer-SS, was a leading member of the Nazi Party, and chief architect of the Final Solution. After the Allied victory, she was arrested and made to testify at the Nuremberg trials. Never renouncing Nazi ideology, she consistently fought to defend her father's reputation and became closely involved in Neo-Nazi groups that give support to ex-members of the SS. She married Wulf Dieter Burwitz, an official of the extremist NPD.\n\n", "Q1069687": "East Harlem, also known as Spanish Harlem or El Barrio, is a neighborhood of Upper Manhattan, New York City, roughly encompassing the area north of the Upper East Side and East 96th Street up to roughly East 142nd Street east of Fifth Avenue to the East and Harlem Rivers. Despite its name, it is generally not considered to be a part of Harlem.The neighborhood is one of the largest predominantly Latino communities in New York City, mostly made up of Puerto Ricans, as well as sizeable numbers of Dominican, Cuban and Mexican immigrants. The community is notable for its contributions to Latin freestyle and salsa music. East Harlem also includes the area formerly known as Italian Harlem, in which the remnants of a once predominantly Italian community remain. The Chinese population has increased dramatically in East Harlem since 2000.East Harlem has historically suffered from many social issues, such as a high crime rate, the highest jobless rate in New York City, teenage pregnancy, AIDS, drug abuse, homelessness, and an asthma rate five times the national average. It has the second-highest concentration of public housing in the United States, behind Brownsville, Brooklyn. However, East Harlem is undergoing some gentrification. In February 2016, East Harlem was one of four neighborhoods featured in an article in The New York Times about \"New Hot Neighborhoods\", and the city was considering re-zoning the area.\nEast Harlem is part of Manhattan Community District 11 and its primary ZIP Codes are 10029 and 10035. It is patrolled by the 23rd and 25th Precincts of the New York City Police Department.", "Q2218582": "Samuel Cunliffe Lister, 1st Baron Masham (1 January 1815 \u2013 2 February 1906) was an English inventor and industrialist, notable for inventing the Lister nip comb.", "Q203185": "Robert Fripp (born 16 May 1946) is an English musician, songwriter, and record producer, best known as the guitarist, founder and longest lasting member of the progressive rock band King Crimson. He has also worked extensively as a session musician and collaborator, notably with David Bowie, Blondie, Brian Eno, and David Sylvian. He has also contributed sounds to the Windows Vista operating system. His discography includes contributions to over 700 official releases.\nHe is ranked 62nd on Rolling Stone magazine's 2011 list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time after having been ranked by David Fricke 42nd on its 2003 list. Tied with Andr\u00e9s Segovia, he also is ranked 47th on Gibson's Top 50 guitarists of all time. His compositions often feature unusual time signatures, which have been influenced by classical and folk traditions. His innovations include Frippertronics, \"soundscapes\", and new standard tuning.", "Q15969": "Jean Am\u00e9ry (31 October 1912 \u2013 17 October 1978), born Hanns Chaim Mayer, was an Austria-born essayist whose work was often informed by his experiences during World War II. His most celebrated work, At the Mind's Limits: Contemplations by a Survivor on Auschwitz and Its Realities (1966), suggests that torture was \"the essence\" of the Third Reich. Other notable works included On Aging (1968) and On Suicide: A Discourse on Voluntary Death (1976). He first adopted the pseudonym Jean Am\u00e9ry in 1955. Am\u00e9ry took his own life in 1978.\nFormerly a philosophy and literature student in Vienna, Am\u00e9ry's participation in organized resistance against the Nazi occupation of Belgium resulted in his detainment and torture by the German Gestapo at Fort Breendonk, and several years of imprisonment in concentration camps. Am\u00e9ry survived internments in Auschwitz and Buchenwald, and was finally liberated at Bergen-Belsen in 1945. After the war he settled in Belgium.", "Q3105642": "Gilbert Balibaseka Bukenya is a Ugandan politician and physician who was Vice President of Uganda from 23 May 2003 until 23 May 2011. He has represented the constituency of Busiro County North in the Ugandan Parliament since 1996. His autobiography, Intricate Corridors to Power, was published in 2008.", "Q485811": "Fall Out Boy is an American rock band formed in Wilmette, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, in 2001. The band consists of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Patrick Stump, bassist Pete Wentz, lead guitarist Joe Trohman, and drummer Andy Hurley. The band originated from Chicago's hardcore punk scene, with which all members were involved at one point. The group was formed by Wentz and Trohman as a pop punk side project of the members' respective hardcore bands, and Stump joined shortly thereafter. The group went through a succession of drummers before landing Hurley and recording the group's debut album, Take This to Your Grave (2003). The album became an underground success and helped the band gain a dedicated fanbase through heavy touring, as well as commercial success. Take This to Your Grave has commonly been cited as an influential blueprint for pop punk music in the 2000s.\nWith Wentz as the band's lyricist and Stump as the primary composer, the band's 2005 major-label breakthrough, From Under the Cork Tree, produced two hit singles, \"Sugar, We're Goin Down\" and \"Dance, Dance\", and went double platinum, transforming the group into superstars and making Wentz a celebrity and tabloid fixture. Fall Out Boy received a Best New Artist nomination at the 2006 Grammy Awards. The band's 2007 follow-up, Infinity on High, debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with 260,000 first week sales. It produced two worldwide hit singles, \"This Ain't a Scene, It's an Arms Race\" and \"Thnks fr th Mmrs\". Folie \u00e0 Deux, the band's fourth album, created a mixed response from fans and commercially undersold expectations. Following the release of Believers Never Die \u2013 Greatest Hits, the band took a hiatus from 2009 to 2012 to \"decompress\", exploring various side projects.\nThe band regrouped and recorded Save Rock and Roll (2013), becoming its second career number one and included the top 20 single \"My Songs Know What You Did in the Dark (Light Em Up)\". The same year, the band released the EP PAX AM Days, consisting of 8 punk-influenced tracks that were recorded during a two-day session with producer Ryan Adams. The band's sixth studio album, American Beauty/American Psycho (2015) peaked at number one on the Billboard 200, and spawned the top-10 hit \"Centuries\" and the single \"Uma Thurman\" which reached No. 22 on the Billboard Hot 100. This was followed by their first remix album Make America Psycho Again, which featured the remixes of all original tracks from American Beauty/American Psycho by a different artist on each song, including Migos and Wiz Khalifa. The band's seventh studio album Mania (2018), also peaked at No. 1, making it the band's fourth No. 1 album and the group's sixth consecutive top 10 album. In 2018, Fall Out Boy received their second Grammy nomination for Best Rock Album for Mania.", "Q607672": "Willem \"Wim\" Polak (14 September 1924 \u2013 1 October 1999) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and economist.Polak was born to a Jewish merchant family in Amsterdam on 14 September 1924. His parents were murdered by the Nazis during the German Occupation of the Netherlands. After the Second World War, he worked as a journalist for Het Vrije Volk. Polak was appointed Secretary of State for local finances in Joop den Uyl's government. He worked towards improving the financial position of the larger Dutch cities. Subsequently, he became mayor of Amsterdam for a six-year period, where his challenges included numerous squatting cases as well as riots related to Queen Beatrix's coronation.\nHe died in 1999 at his home in Ilpendam.", "Q327027": "Pina is a 2011 German 3D documentary film about the contemporary dance choreographer Pina Bausch. It was directed by Wim Wenders. The film premiered out of competition at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival.During the preparation of the documentary, Pina Bausch died unexpectedly. Wenders cancelled the film production, but the other dancers of Tanztheater Wuppertal convinced him to make the film anyway. It showcases these dancers, who talk about Pina and perform some of her best-known pieces inside the Tanztheater Wuppertal and in various outdoor locations around the city of Wuppertal.", "Q1748406": "Rink hockey redirects here. It should not be confused with rink bandy or rinkball.\nRoller hockey (in British English), rink hockey (in American English) or quad hockey is a team sport that enjoys significant popularity in a number of Latin countries.\nTwo five-man teams (four skaters and one goalkeeper) try to drive the ball with their sticks into the opponents' goal. The ball can only be put in motion by a stick, not the skate, otherwise a foul will be stated. The game has two 25-minute halves, with 15-minute halftime intermission, plus up to two 5-minute golden goal periods to settle ties with the clock stopping when the ball becomes dead. If the tie persists, a penalty shootout will determine the winner.\nPlayers \u2013 including the goalie \u2013 use quad skates, whereas inline skates are used in inline hockey. Excessive contact between players is forbidden in rink hockey, unlike inline hockey.\nRoller Hockey was a demonstration rollersport in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. There have been 44 editions of the Roller Hockey World Cup, with Latin countries dominating the sport since the 1940s: Spain (17 World titles), Portugal (16 World titles), Argentina (5 World titles) and Italy (4 World titles). Other countries, such as France, Brazil, Germany, Switzerland, Andorra and England are regular international competitors, but rarely overcome the traditional powers.\nRoller Hockey is a very fast sport, which may create a problem for TV transmissions, and new rinks are built using blue or white pavement to make the ball more visible on TV.\n\n", "Q337234": "The Academia Europaea is the pan-European Academy of Humanities, Letters, Law, and Sciences.\nThe Academia was founded in 1988 as the functioning Europe-wide Academy that encompasses all fields of scholarly inquiry. It acts as co-ordinator of European interests in national research agencies.", "Q89598": "Georg Nikolaus L\u00f6rner (18 February 1899 Munich \u2013 21 April 1959 Rastatt) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. He served as Deputy Chief under Oswald Pohl, of the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office.", "Q12960": "Michel Jobert (11 September 1921 \u2013 25 May 2002) was a French politician of the left-wing Gaullist orientation. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs under Georges Pompidou, and as Minister of External Commerce under Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand.\nHis tenure was marked, in part, by tense relations with the United States as he pursued French independence in the sphere of foreign relations. This policy at one point led a frustrated Henry Kissinger to call him \"an idiot\" and a \"bad\" foreign minister. Jobert died on 25 May 2002 in Paris, aged 80.", "Q2848573": "Andr\u00e9 Rousselet (1 October 1922 \u2013 29 May 2016) was a French businessman and the founder of Canal Plus, a French premium cable television channel launched in 1984. He also founded the number one taxi company in Paris called Taxis G7. He served as a member of the National Assembly from 1967 to 1968 for the Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left and was a close friend to the late French ex-president Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand.", "Q65530": "David Safier ['sa:fi\u0250] (born 13 December 1966 in Bremen) is a German writer and novelist. He wrote the television series Berlin, Berlin for which he was awarded the Adolf Grimme Award in 2003. Berlin, Berlin also won an International Emmy Award for best comedy in 2004. He has written several novels, among them Mieses Karma and Jesus liebt mich, which together sold two million copies, as well as Pl\u00f6tzlich Shakespeare, Happy Family, Muh! and Mieses Karma hoch 2. He also wrote \"28 Tage lang\".", "Q179849": "John Lees (born 13 January 1947) is an English musician who founded the rock band Barclay James Harvest.Educated at Robin Hill Secondary Modern and Breeze Hill School, Lees had no formal musical education, but took up playing the guitar when he was fourteen. Lees went on to study at Oldham School Of Art, where he met Stuart 'Woolly' Wolstenholme in 1964. They played together in The Sorcerers, playing Eddie Cochran-style rock and roll, and in The Blues Keepers, before forming Barclay James Harvest in 1967. He recorded a solo album, A Major Fancy, in 1972, but the release of this was tied up when the band changed record label. It was not released until 1977. He also recorded a solo single for Polydor in 1974, a cover of The Eagles track \"Best of My Love\". In 1998, musical differences saw the members of Barclay James Harvest agree to take a sabbatical. Lees again met up with Wolstenholme and formed Barclay James Harvest Through The Eyes of John Lees, and this band became John Lees' Barclay James Harvest.\nLees worked as a music technician at Crompton House Church of England High School, involved with the production of the GCSE and A Level students' music and music technology coursework from 2006 until 2012, when he retired. He was often involved in musical productions. Lees also enjoys reading, his favourite books being Graham Greene\u2019s A Burnt-Out Case, science fiction novels (especially those of Ray Bradbury) and poetry. His hobbies include photography and amateur radio. Lees lives in Saddleworth, a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham with his wife, Olwen, and they have two children, Esther Jane (born 28 July 1980) and John Joseph (who shares his father\u2019s birthday, being born on 13 January 1986), plus various pets including a grey parrot called Fritz.", "Q23565": "Hessischer Rundfunk (Hesse Broadcasting; HR) is the German federal state of Hesse's public broadcasting corporation. Headquartered in Frankfurt am Main, HR is a member of the national consortium of German public broadcasting corporations, ARD.", "Q73352": "Roselyn Milagros S\u00e1nchez Rodr\u00edguez (born April 2, 1973) is a Puerto Rican singer/songwriter, dancer, model, actress, producer and writer. On television, she is best known for her roles as Elena Delgado on the CBS police procedural Without a Trace (2005\u201309), and as Carmen Luna on the Lifetime comedy-drama Devious Maids (2013\u201316). In film, S\u00e1nchez has appeared in Rush Hour 2 (2001), Boat Trip (2002), The Game Plan (2007), and Act of Valor (2012).", "Q1190550": "David Alexander De Horne Rowntree (born 8 May 1964) is an English musician, politician, solicitor and animator. He is the drummer for the rock band Blur. He is a councillor in Norfolk County Council, representing the Labour Party.\n\n", "Q321456": "General Brian Hubert Robertson, 1st Baron Robertson of Oakridge, (22 July 1896 \u2013 29 April 1974) was a senior British Army officer during the Second World War, who played an important role in the East African, North African and Italian Campaigns. After the war he was the Deputy Military Governor of Germany from 1945 to 1948, and then the Military Governor from 1948 to 1949.\nThe son of Field Marshal Sir William Robertson, he was educated at Charterhouse and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers in November 1914, and served on the Western Front and Italian Front during the First World War. He was awarded a Military Cross in 1918 and the Distinguished Service Order in 1919. After the war he served with the Bengal Sappers and Miners from 1920 to 1925 and took part in the Waziristan expedition of 1923 to 1924. Following his father's death in February 1933, he succeeded him in his baronetcy. He retired from the Army in early 1934 to become the managing director of Dunlop Rubber in South Africa.\nWith the outbreak of the Second World War, Robertson re-entered military service in 1940 as a lieutenant colonel in the South African Army. He served in East and North Africa, and Italy until the end of the war, notably as Harold Alexander's Chief Administrative Officer in Italy. He was promoted to brigadier by 1942 with the temporary rank of major general from 1944 to 1945. Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery considered Robertson the best chief of administration in the British Army.\nRobertson was restored to the Active List in October 1945 as a substantive major general, becoming a lieutenant general in 1946 and full general in 1947. He was Commander-in-Chief of Middle East Land Forces from 1950 to 1953, when he retired from military service for the second time to become Chairman of the British Transport Commission, a post he held until 1961. That year he was raised to the peerage as Baron Robertson of Oakridge, of Oakridge in the County of Gloucester.", "Q3181224": "John Charles Kaine (1854\u20131923) was a Quebec politician. He was born in the parish of Notre-Dame de Qu\u00e9bec, October 18, 1854, son of John Kaine and Ellen McGowan.\nHe studied at the Commercial Academy of Quebec.\nKaine entered the business world in 1886, and was a ship-owner and wood merchant. He became president of the Kaine and Bird transport company. He represented the Lake Champlain Transportation Co., and Burleigh and Weeks, a wood-pulp import company in Whitehall, New York.\nJohn Charles Kaine was elected the Liberal member for Qu\u00e9bec-Ouest in 1904. He was sworn in as a Minister Without Portfolio in the Gouin cabinet on January 3, 1906, and was re-elected in 1908, and 1912. His seat became vacant when he was named Legislative Councillor for Stadacona on April 23, 1915. He became Minister Without Portfolio in the Taschereau cabinet on July 9, 1920. \nWhile sitting as a Member of the Assembly, Kaine organized independent Members to form a voting bloc that for a time held the balance of power. He was the last Member to sit in all three Chambers of the Parliament of Quebec: the Legislative Assembly, the Legislative Council and the Executive Council. (The Legislative Council, formerly the upper house of the provincial parliament, was abolished in 1968, when the Legislative Assembly was renamed the National Assembly.) \nJohn Charles Kaine was President of the St. Patrick's Literary Institute in Quebec; he published The Irish Man in Canada (1907).\nHe was married in Quebec, at St. Patrick's Church, on January 27, 1879, to Theresa Maria Tucker, daughter of James Tucker and Maria Hurst. And later, also in Quebec City, on February 16, 1904, to Helen Smith, widow of Robert Beat.\nJohn Charles Kaine died in office in Quebec, on April 1, 1923, at the age of 68 years and six months. He was buried in St. Patrick's Church cemetery, in Sillery (part of modern-day Quebec City), on April 4, 1923.\n\n", "Q724901": "Harry S\u00f6derman (24 August 1902 \u2013 16 March 1956) was a Swedish police officer and criminalist. In his native Sweden he went by the nickname Revolver-Harry.\nS\u00f6derman was a pioneer of modern criminology in Scandinavia, and the first head of the National Laboratory of Forensic Science in Sweden between 1939 and 1953.", "Q182345": "Anne Haigis (born 9 December 1955) is a German musician, singer and songwriter. Through the 1980s, she gained commercial success with rock songs, blues and ballads sung in German with her native Swabian accent. In the 1990s she incorporated English language material again, and recorded with Tony Carey and Eric Burdon. Her intense and passionate singing style has been praised as belonging to one of Germany's best contemporary voices, a \"down to earth, charismatic, warm-hearted entertainer\".", "Q7286": "Gabrielle \u00c9milie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise du Ch\u00e2telet (French pronunciation: [emili dy \u0283\u0251tl\u025b] (listen); 17 December 1706 \u2013 10 September 1749) was a French natural philosopher and mathematician during the early 1730s until her untimely death due to childbirth complications in 1749. Her most recognized achievement is her translation of and commentary on Isaac Newton's 1687 book Principia containing basic laws of physics. The translation, published posthumously in 1756, is still considered the standard French translation today. Her commentary includes a profound contribution to Newtonian mechanics\u2014the postulate of an additional conservation law for total energy, of which kinetic energy of motion is one element. This led to her conceptualization of energy as such, and to derive its quantitative relationships to the mass and velocity of an object.\nHer philosophical magnum opus, Institutions de Physique (Paris, 1740, first edition), or Foundations of Physics, circulated widely, generated heated debates, and was republished and translated into several other languages within two years of its original publication. She participated in the famous vis viva debate, concerning the best way to measure the force of a body and the best means of thinking about conservation principles. Posthumously, her ideas were heavily represented in the most famous text of the French Enlightenment, the Encyclop\u00e9die of Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert, first published shortly after du Ch\u00e2telet's death. Numerous biographies, books and plays have been written about her life and work in the two centuries since her death. In the early 21st century, her life and ideas have generated renewed interest.", "Q179691": "Niigata (\u65b0\u6f5f\u5e02, Niigata-shi, Japanese: [ni\u02d0\u0261ata]) is the capital and the most populous city of Niigata Prefecture located in the Ch\u016bbu region of Japan. It is the largest city on the west coast of Honshu, and the second largest city in Ch\u016bbu region after Nagoya. It faces the Sea of Japan and Sado Island.\nAs of 1 July 2019, the city had an estimated population of 797,591, and a population density of 1,098 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 726.45 square kilometres (280.48 sq mi). Greater Niigata, Niigata Metropolitan Employment Area, has a GDP of US$43.3 billion as of 2010.With a long history as a port town, Niigata became a free port following the Meiji Restoration. Niigata's city government was established in 1889. Mergers with nearby municipalities in 2005 allowed the city's population to jump to 810,000. The annexation of the surrounding area has also given the city the greatest rice paddy field acreage in Japan. On April 1, 2007, it became the first government-designated city on the Japan Sea coast of Honshu.", "Q43291": "The Chr\u00fczlistock is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located north of Sedrun on the border between the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden and Uri. The southern unnamed summit has an elevation of 2,717 metres (8,914 ft) and the northern summit, which is the named peak and is located on the cantonal border, has an elevation of 2,709 metres (8,888 ft).\nIt derives its name from the historic pass at its northeastern hillside, the Chr\u00fczlipass.\nThe Chr\u00fczlistock is, along with Piz Vatgira and Pizzo dell'Uomo, one of the main peaks traversed by the Gotthard Base Tunnel. The tunnel runs below the summit Chr\u00fczlistock, or more precisely, just east of it.", "Q235351": "Greta Scacchi, OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [\u02cc\u0261r\u025b\u02d0ta \u02c8skakk\u02d0i]; born 18 February 1960) is an Italian Australian actress best known for her roles in the films White Mischief (1987), Presumed Innocent (1990), The Player (1992), Emma (1996) and Looking for Alibrandi (2000).\nScacchi received a BAFTA nomination for her role in Heat and Dust (1983). For her portrayal of Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna of Russia in the television film, Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny (1996), she won a Primetime Emmy Award and earned a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress. In 2006, Scacchi received a second Emmy nomination for her role in the television film Broken Trail, and earned her first Screen Actors Guild Award nomination.", "Q3992432": "This is a complete list of the 164 shorts in the Tom and Jerry series produced, directed, and released between 1940 and 2014. Of these, 162 are theatrical shorts, one is a made-for-TV short, and one is a 2-minute sketch shown as part of a telethon.", "Q92806": "Marshall Kirk McKusick (born January 19, 1954) is a computer scientist, known for his extensive work on BSD UNIX, from the 1980s to FreeBSD in the present day. He was president of the USENIX Association from 1990 to 1992 and again from 2002 to 2004, and still serves on the board. He is on the editorial board of ACM Queue Magazine. He is known to friends and colleagues as \"Kirk\".\nMcKusick received his B.S. in electrical engineering from Cornell University, and 2 M.S. degrees (in 1979 and 1980 respectively) and a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1984.McKusick is openly gay and lives in California with Eric Allman, who was his domestic partner since graduate school and whom he married in October, 2013.", "Q115987": "Arno Gruen (May 26, 1923 \u2013 October 20, 2015) was a Swiss-German psychologist and psychoanalyst.", "Q78207": "Dieter-Lebrecht Koch (born 7 January 1953) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1994 until 2019. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.", "Q2900279": "Shabtai Shikhman (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05db\u05de\u05df\u200e, born 10 September 1915, died 9 January 1987) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Herut and Gahal between 1959 and 1965.", "Q186123": "Yoshihiro Francis Fukuyama (, Japanese: [\u0278\u026f\u0325k\u026fjama]; born October 27, 1952) is an American political scientist, political economist, and writer. Fukuyama is known for his book The End of History and the Last Man (1992), which argued that the worldwide spread of liberal democracies and free-market capitalism of the West and its lifestyle may signal the end point of humanity's sociocultural evolution and become the final form of human government. However, his subsequent book Trust: Social Virtues and Creation of Prosperity (1995) modified his earlier position to acknowledge that culture cannot be cleanly separated from economics. Fukuyama is also associated with the rise of the neoconservative movement, from which he has since distanced himself.Fukuyama has been a senior fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies since July 2010 and a Mosbacher Director of the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law at Stanford University. In August 2019, he was named director of the Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy at Stanford.Before that, he served as a professor and director of the International Development program at the School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University. Previously, he was Omer L. and Nancy Hirst Professor of Public Policy at the School of Public Policy at George Mason University.He is a council member of the International Forum for Democratic Studies founded by the National Endowment for Democracy and was a member of the Political Science Department of the RAND Corporation. He is also one of the 25 leading figures on the Information and Democracy Commission launched by Reporters Without Borders.\n\n", "Q277162": "Hammersmith is a district of west London, England, located 4.3 miles (6.9 km) west-southwest of Charing Cross. It is the administrative centre of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, and identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.\nIt is bordered by Shepherd's Bush to the north, Kensington to the east, Chiswick to the west, and Fulham to the south, with which it forms part of the north bank of the River Thames. It is linked by Hammersmith Bridge to Barnes in the southwest. The area is one of west London's main commercial and employment centres, and has for some decades been a major centre of London's Polish community. It is a major transport hub for west London, with two London Underground stations and a bus station at Hammersmith Broadway.", "Q68014": "Mariella Ahrens (born 2 April 1969) is a Russian-born German actress.", "Q1705506": "The Aiguille des Glaciers (Italian: Aiguille des Glaciers) (3,816 m) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif of the Graian Alps. It lies on the borders of Savoie and Haute-Savoie in France and Aosta Valley in Italy.\nA fine pyramidal peak when seen to the south from the Italian side, Aiguille des Glaciers dominates the view from the upper Veny Valley, although it is less distinct from its French side. It is usually climbed from the Vallee des Glaciers in Savoie. The view from its summit is one of the best in the entire area.On 1 November 1946 a B-17 Flying Fortress of the US Airforce crashed into the Aiguille des Glaciers, just 66 meters before the summit of Mont Blanc, killing all 8 crew members. The crash site was not discovered until July 1947, when remains were found at an altitude of 3,700 metres (12,000 ft).", "Q261700": "Ghosts of Mars is a 2001 American science fiction action horror film written, directed and scored by John Carpenter. The film stars Natasha Henstridge, Ice Cube, Jason Statham, Pam Grier, Clea DuVall, and Joanna Cassidy. The film received negative reviews and was a box office bomb, scoring just a 22% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and earning $14 million at the box office, against a $28 million production budget.", "Q41486": "Helen Greiner (born December 6, 1967) is a co-founder of iRobot and former CTO of Aria Insights, Inc. (formerly CyPhyWorks), a start-up company specializing in small multi-rotor drones for the consumer, commercial and military markets.", "Q536371": "Tommy Tabermann (3 December 1947, Eken\u00e4s \u2013 2 July 2010, Helsinki) was a Finnish contemporary poet and politician, radio personality and journalist. Since 1998 and until 2006 he was known to Finnish audiences for his witty role as team captain in the weekly Saturday night television show Uutisvuoto, the Finnish version of Have I Got News For You, opposite the bestselling author Jari Tervo. Tervo recently characterised his popularity with the following anecdote: \"When he was sixty, nine out of ten persons in an elevator at the Stockmann department store (in Helsinki) recognised him. The tenth person was Japanese.\"He left the show in the spring of 2007 in order to run for the Parliament of Finland. Running as a Social Democrat Party candidate, he secured a nomination with 4,972 votes.Tabermann came from a bilingual Swedish-Finnish family, both languages having been spoken in his childhood home. Despite being bilingual he wrote all his books in Finnish.\nIn August 2009 Tabermann was diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor and he died on July 2, 2010. He is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.Tabermann was first and foremost known as a love poet, and was actually sometimes referred to as an \"apostle of love\". His good friend and Uutisvuoto co-team captain Jari Tervo wrote of his feelings for Tabermann with the following words: \"Now I personally know what the price of love is: it is sorrow.\"L\u00e4hikuvassa Tommy Tabermann, a biography of the poet by Juha Numminen, was released in the autumn of 2010.", "Q70883": "Gerhard Friedrich Ernst Flesch (8 October 1909 \u2013 28 February 1948) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. Post World War II, he was tried, found guilty and executed for his crimes, specifically the torture and murder of members of the Norwegian resistance movement.", "Q79119": "Prince Franz Anton von Thun und Hohenstein, Czech: kn\u00ed\u017ee Franti\u0161ek Anton\u00edn z Thunu a Hohensteina (2 September 1847, D\u011b\u010d\u00edn, Bohemia \u2013 1 November 1916, D\u011b\u010d\u00edn, Bohemia) was an Austro-Hungarian noble and statesman. \nHe served as the Habsburg monarchy's Governor of his native Bohemia from 1889 to 1896 and again from 1911 to 1915. He was also briefly the 15th Minister-President of Austria and Minister of the Interior from 1898 to 1899.", "Q210476": "The London Borough of Harrow is a London borough in north-west London, England, and forms part of Outer London. It borders four other London boroughs - Barnet to the east of ancient Watling Street (now the A5 road), Brent to the south-east, Ealing to the south and Hillingdon to the west - plus the Hertfordshire districts of Three Rivers and Hertsmere to the north. The local authority is Harrow London Borough Council. The London borough was formed in 1965, based on boundaries that had been established in 1934. The borough is made up of three towns: Harrow proper, Pinner, and Stanmore.", "Q208239": "Salsa music is a popular dance music genre that initially arose in New York City during the 1960s. Salsa is the product of various Cuban musical genres including the Afro-Cuban son montuno, guaracha, cha cha ch\u00e1, mambo, and to a certain extent bolero and the Puerto Rican Plena and Bomba. Latin jazz, which was also developed in New York City, has had a significant influence on salsa arrangers, piano guajeos, and instrumental soloists.Salsa is primarily Cuban son, itself a fusion of Spanish canci\u00f3n and guitar and Afro-Cuban percussion, merged with African-American music styles such as jazz. Salsa also occasionally incorporates elements of R&B, and funk. All of these non-Cuban elements are grafted onto the basic Cuban son montuno template when performed within the context of salsa.The first salsa bands were predominantly Cubans and Puerto Ricans. The music eventually spread throughout Colombia and the rest of the Americas. Ultimately, it became a global phenomenon. Some of the founding salsa artists were Johnny Pacheco (the creator of the Fania All-Stars), Celia Cruz, Rub\u00e9n Blades, Richie Ray, Bobby Cruz, Ray Barretto, Willie Col\u00f3n, Larry Harlow, Roberto Roena, Bobby Valent\u00edn, Eddie Palmieri, and H\u00e9ctor Lavoe.", "Q7566156": "The Register, originally the South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register, and later South Australian Register, was South Australia's first newspaper. It was first published in London in June 1836, moved to Adelaide in 1837, and folded into The Advertiser almost a century later in February 1931.\nThe newspaper was the sole primary source for almost all information about the settlement and early history of South Australia. It documented shipping schedules, legal history and court records at a time when official records were not kept. According to the National Library of Australia, its pages contain \"one hundred years of births, deaths, marriages, crime, building history, the establishment of towns and businesses, political and social comment\".All issues are freely available online, via Trove.", "Q189947": "Sir Nicholas William Peter Clegg (born 7 January 1967) is a British former politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2015 and as Leader of the Liberal Democrats from 2007 to 2015. An \"Orange Book\" liberal, Clegg served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Sheffield Hallam from 2005 to 2017 and has been associated with both socially liberal and economically liberal policies. He is Vice-President for Global Affairs and Communications at Facebook.Born in Buckinghamshire, Clegg was educated at the University of Cambridge, the University of Minnesota, and the College of Europe. He served as a journalist for the Financial Times before becoming a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) in 1999. After his election to the House of Commons in 2005, Clegg served in a variety of leadership roles in the Liberal Democrats, most notably as Spokesperson for Home Affairs, before being elected to succeed Menzies Campbell as party leader in 2007. During his tenure as leader, Clegg asserted that the Liberal Democrats transcended the tradition \"left-right\" axis and labelled the party as being radical centrist in orientation. He advocated for reduced taxes, electoral reform, cuts on defence spending, and an increased focus on environmental issues.\nAs a result of the 2010 general election, Clegg's Liberal Democrats found themselves with 57 seats in the House of Commons. The Conservative Party, which failed to receive a majority, formed a coalition with the Liberal Democrats, and Clegg was appointed by David Cameron to serve as his Deputy Prime Minister. In this capacity, he became the first leader of the Liberal Democrats to answer for the Prime Minister's Questions, and used his influence in the position to pass the Fixed-term Parliaments Act. Controversy arose during this time surrounding the Liberal Democrats' decision to abandon to their pledge to oppose increases in tuition fees, which had previously been a key issue that won the party support from students.During the party's time in coalition, the Liberal Democrats saw a significant drop in support, and the 2015 general election left the party with just 8 seats, which resulted in Clegg's ousting as Deputy Prime Minister and his resignation as party leader. In 2016, following a referendum in which a majority supported leaving the European Union, Clegg returned to the Liberal Democrat frontbench, concurrently serving as Spokesperson for Exiting the European Union and for International Trade from July 2016 to June 2017. In the 2017 general election, Clegg was defeated in his constituency of Sheffield Hallam by Jared O'Mara of the Labour Party. In October 2018, it was announced Clegg had been appointed Vice President of Global Affairs and Communications at Facebook, succeeding Elliot Schrage.", "Q3361195": "Richard Portnow (born January 26, 1947) is an American actor known for such films and television series as Good Morning, Vietnam, Barton Fink, Kindergarten Cop, Seven, Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai, The Spirit, Law Abiding Citizen, Private Parts, Fallen Arches, Double Down, Poolhall Junkies, Spring Break '83, The Sopranos, Hannah Montana, The Nanny, Trumbo, Oldboy, Find Me Guilty, Underdogs and Boston Legal.", "Q766065": "Charles Humbert (28 May 1866, Loison, Meuse \u2013 1 November 1927) was a French army captain, tax collector, Senator and newspaper proprietor.", "Q885903": "Blue Submarine No. 6 (\u9752\u306e6\u53f7, Ao no Roku-g\u014d, literally \"Blue No.6\"), officially translated in Japan as \"Blue Sub 006\", is a post-apocalyptic 3-volume manga series written and illustrated by Satoru Ozawa. The manga was published in 1967 by Shogakukan's Weekly Sh\u014dnen Sunday magazine.\nWhen the OVA adaptation was announced by Gonzo, the manga was revised into 5 volumes under the new name AO6. It was published by Seika Bukansha and was serialized in Sebun Comics magazine on June 1997. The OVA series was released in 2000. The OVA had also received two video games for the PlayStation and Dreamcast.", "Q102974": "Ingo Hasselbach (born July 14, 1967 in Berlin-Wei\u00dfensee) is a German well known for being a former neo-Nazi. He is the author of the book F\u00fchrer Ex: Memoirs of a Former Neo-Nazi (with Tom Reiss, also made into a movie directed by Winfried Bonengel), which has been translated into several languages. Furthermore he was co-founder of the German EXIT project, which helps people leave the neo-Nazi community. The project is modeled on a Swedish project with the same name.\nHasselbach's parents were two Communist-party loyal journalists. His mother was an editor at the ADN (\"Allgemeiner Deutscher Nachrichtendienst\", the former GDR's news service), while his father was employed at the broadcasting service in East Berlin. He was raised mostly with his grandparents. After graduating he began an apprenticeship to become a stonemason, but by 1985 he was subjected to legal censure because of rowdyism. His public appeal \"The wall must fall!\" brought him a prison sentence of nine months in 1987. In 1988 he joined the neo-Nazi community and was again legally censured for \"subversive activities\". After a first attempt to escape in August 1989 failed, he was detained again for three months until November 1989. Three days before the Berlin Wall fell a subsequent attempt to escape to West Germany succeeded.\nIn the years after German reunification he took a leading position in many right-wing extremist organisations, including the \"National Alternative\" (Nationale Alternative), and the \"Comradeship of Social-revolutionary Nationalists\" (Kameradschaft Sozialrevolution\u00e4re Nationalisten). Then in 1993 he decided to break with the right-wing extremism community. By this point in time he had spent three years of his life in prison (one of the charges being for incitement to violence).", "Q4757677": "Andrew Lam (born 1964) is a Vietnamese American author and journalist who has written about the Overseas Vietnamese experience.", "Q380071": "Vuka\u0161in Mrnjav\u010devi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0412\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u041c\u0440\u045a\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u045b, pronounced [\u028buk\u01ce\u0283in mr\u0329\u0302\u0272a\u02d0\u028bt\u0283e\u028bit\u0255] (listen); c. 1320 \u2013 26 September 1371) was King of Serbia as the co-ruler of Stefan Uro\u0161 V from 1365 to 1371. Principal domains of king Vuka\u0161in and his family were located in southern parts of medieval Serbia and northwestern parts of the historical region of Macedonia.", "Q211768": "The Kooks () are an English indie rock band formed in 2004 in Brighton. The band currently consists of Luke Pritchard (vocals/rhythm guitar), Hugh Harris (lead guitar/synthesizer/bass) and Alexis Nunez (drums). The original bassist was Max Rafferty, and the founding drummer was Paul Garred. The lineup of the band remained constant until the departure of Rafferty in 2008. Dan Logan served as a temporary replacement, then Peter Denton joined the band permanently in October 2008 until they announced he was no longer playing with them in January 2019. Early in 2010, Pritchard announced the departure of drummer Paul Garred, due to a nerve problem in his arm. Late in the year, Garred rejoined for studio sessions, however Chris Prendergast played drums when the band played live. Garred finally left in November 2011 after the release of their fourth album, Junk of the Heart.\nIn 2012, the band was accompanied on drums by Robden Alexis Nunez (from Golden Silvers), who eventually joined the band full-time.\nTheir music is primarily influenced by the 1960s British Invasion movement and post-punk revival of the new millennium. The Kooks have experimented in several genres including rock, Britpop, pop, reggae, ska, and more recently, funk and hip-hop, being described once as a \"more energetic Thrills or a looser Sam Roberts Band, maybe even a less severe Arctic Monkeys at times\".Signed to Virgin Records just three months after forming, the Kooks broke into the musical mainstream with their debut album Inside In/Inside Out (2006). The album was ultimately successful, achieving quadruple platinum status in the UK within a year and also overseas in the form of a platinum certification in Australia and two times platinum in Ireland. The Kooks found themselves entering into mainstream media attention, with the band winning the award for Best UK & Ireland Act at the MTV Europe Music Awards 2006 and picking up a nomination at The Brit Awards for the single \"She Moves in Her Own Way\". With their follow-up Konk (2008) debuting at number one on the UK Albums Chart, it recorded first week sales of 65,000, achieving gold status in both the UK and Ireland. Their third studio album, entitled Junk of the Heart, was released on 12 September 2011. Their fourth album Listen was released on 8 September 2014. Their most recent album Let\u2019s Go Sunshine was released on 2 September 2018 and peaked at No.9 on the UK Albums Chart.", "Q668": "India (Hindi: Bh\u0101rat), officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bh\u0101rat Ga\u1e47ar\u0101jya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.\nModern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago.\nTheir long occupation, initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers, has made the region highly diverse, second only to Africa in human genetic diversity. Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago, evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE.\nBy 1200 BCE, an archaic form of Sanskrit, an Indo-European language, had diffused into India from the northwest, unfolding as the language of the Rigveda, and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India.\nThe Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions.\nBy 400 BCE, stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism,\nand Buddhism and Jainism had arisen, proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity.\nEarly political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin.\nTheir collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity, but also marked by the declining status of women, and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief. In south India, the Middle kingdoms exported Dravidian-languages scripts and religious cultures to the kingdoms of southeast Asia.In the early medieval era, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism put down roots on India's southern and western coasts.\nArmed invasions from Central Asia intermittently overran India's plains,\neventually establishing the Delhi Sultanate, and drawing northern India into the cosmopolitan networks of medieval Islam.\nIn the 15th century, the Vijayanagara Empire created a long-lasting composite Hindu culture in south India.\nIn the Punjab, Sikhism emerged, rejecting institutionalised religion.\nThe Mughal Empire, in 1526, ushered in two centuries of relative peace,\nleaving a legacy of luminous architecture.\nGradually expanding rule of the British East India Company followed, turning India into a colonial economy, but also consolidating its sovereignty. British Crown rule began in 1858. The rights promised to Indians were granted slowly, but technological changes were introduced, and ideas of education, modernity and the public life took root.\nA pioneering and influential nationalist movement emerged, \nwhich was noted for nonviolent resistance and led India to its independence in 1947.\nIndia is a secular federal republic governed in a democratic parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society. India's population grew from 361 million in 1951 to 1,211 million in 2011.\nDuring the same time, its nominal per capita income increased from US$64 annually to US$1,498, and its literacy rate from 16.6% to 74%. From being a comparatively destitute country in 1951, \nIndia has become a fast-growing major economy, a hub for information technology services, with an expanding middle class. It has a space programme which includes several planned or completed extraterrestrial missions. Indian movies, music, and spiritual teachings play an increasing role in global culture.\nIndia has substantially reduced its rate of poverty, though at the cost of increasing economic inequality.\nIndia is a nuclear weapons state, which ranks high in military expenditure. It has disputes over Kashmir with its neighbours, Pakistan and China, unresolved since the mid-20th century.\nAmong the socio-economic challenges India faces are gender inequality, child malnutrition,\nand rising levels of air pollution. \nIndia's land is megadiverse, with four biodiversity hotspots. Its forest cover comprises 21.4% of its area. India's wildlife, which has traditionally been viewed with tolerance in India's culture, is supported among these forests, and elsewhere, in protected habitats.", "Q390262": "Christopher Bernau (born Herbert Augustine Bernau, June 2, 1940 \u2013 June 14, 1989) was an American actor.", "Q1300306": "Stuart Wayne \"Stu\" Goldberg (born July 10, 1954 in Malden, Massachusetts) is an American jazz keyboardist.Goldberg was born in Massachusetts but raised in Seattle, and played with Ray Brown at the Monterey Jazz Festival in 1971. He attended the University of Utah, taking his bachelor's in music in 1974, then relocated to Los Angeles. He played with the Mahavishnu Orchestra in 1975, and subsequently worked in the 1970s with Al Di Meola, Freddie Hubbard, Alphonse Mouzon, Michal Urbaniak, and Miroslav Vitous. He booked a tour of Europe in 1978 as a solo keyboardist, and released several albums under his own name and with Toto Blanke's Electric Circus. Returning to Los Angeles in 1985, he worked extensively in film soundtracks (including with Lalo Schifrin and Ira Newborn) and as a studio musician.", "Q725148": "Jes\u00fas Eduardo Corso Crispino, popularly known as Eduardo J. Corso (1 September 1920 \u2013 5 December 2012) was a Uruguayan lawyer, agricultural journalist and writer. Articles he wrote were published in magazines and newspapers such as El Pa\u00eds and Marcha, and he was a conservative. According to El Pa\u00eds, Corso was known for his \"brutal\" use of language, which earned him some friends and enemies.", "Q1153094": "Sophia University, (also known by its Japanese name, \u4e0a\u667a\u5927\u5b66, J\u014dchi Daigaku) is considered one of the top private research universities in Japan. According to the Times Higher Education, Sophia has the 20th place in its 2020 Japan University Rankings and is the top 4th private university in the country . Founded by the Roman Catholic religious order of the Society of Jesus in 1913, the University has grown from its 3 original academic departments of Philosophy, German Literature, and Commerce to 9 undergraduate Faculties and 10 Graduate Schools, with over 13,900 students in total.\nEver since Sophia was established, the University has been a leader in the internationalisation of Japanese universities. It had been conducting classes both in English and Japanese, and welcoming students from abroad from China, Korea, and even from Europe. Soon afterward, Sophia gained national repute as the leading institution in globalisation, foreign languages, and literature in Japan. As a prominent institution for research and higher learning in the fields of the social sciences, humanities, and natural sciences, the University has been selected by the Japanese Ministry of Education to be one of 37 universities to receive funding for its internationalisation efforts through the \"Top Global University Project\" .\nToday, Sophia has international students from 77 countries. It also has forged agreements with 298 overseas universities in 59 countries. It also possesses student exchange programs with several other top universities throughout the world, including Georgetown University, Yale University, The University of Georgia, Sogang University, Hong Kong University, and the University of Cologne. Before 1957, the university only admitted male students to degree programs, but the numbers of male and female students are now more or less equal. Sophia\u2019s alumni are referred to as \"Sophians\"; they include the 79th Prime Minister of Japan, Morihiro Hosokawa, several politicians represented in the National Diet of Japan, and professors at various institutions.", "Q44071": "Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (; Russian: \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432, tr. Jurij Vladimirovi\u010d Andropov, IPA: [\u02c8j\u0289r\u02b2\u026aj vl\u0250\u02c8d\u02b2im\u02b2\u026ar\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0250n\u02c8drop\u0259f]; 15 June [O.S. 2 June] 1914 \u2013 9 February 1984) was the sixth paramount leader of the Soviet Union and the third General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Following the 18-year rule of Leonid Brezhnev, Andropov served in the post from November 1982 until his death in February 1984.\nEarlier in his career, Andropov served as the Soviet ambassador to Hungary from 1954 to 1957, during which time he was involved in the suppression of the 1956 Hungarian Uprising. He was named Chairman of the KGB on 10 May 1967. In this position, he oversaw a massive crackdown on dissent that was carried out via mass arrests and the wholesale application of involuntary psychiatric commitment of people deemed \"socially undesirable\". As Brezhnev's health declined during the latter years of his leadership, Andropov formed a troika alongside Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko and Defense Minister Dmitry Ustinov that ultimately came to dominate Soviet policy.\nUpon Brezhnev's death on 10 November 1982, Yuri Andropov succeeded him as General Secretary and (by extension) leader of the Soviet Union. During his short tenure, Andropov sought to eliminate corruption and inefficiency within the Soviet system by investigating longtime officials for violations of party discipline and criminalizing truancy in the workplace. The Cold War intensified, and he was at a loss for how to handle the growing crisis in the Soviet economy. His major long-term impact was bringing to the fore a new generation of young reformers, as energetic as himself, including Yegor Ligachyov, Nikolai Ryzhkov, and, most important, Mikhail Gorbachev. However, upon suffering kidney failure in February 1983, Andropov's health began to deteriorate rapidly. On 9 February 1984, he died after leading the country for only about 15 months.", "Q109821": "Michael Lentz (born 1964, in D\u00fcren) is a German author, musician, and performer of experimental texts and sound poetry.He was the winner of the 2001 Ingeborg Bachmann Prize for his book Muttersterben.\nIn May 2006 he was appointed professor at the University of Leipzig.", "Q732434": "Mulk Raj Anand (12 December 1905 \u2013 28 September 2004) was an Indian writer in English, notable for his depiction of the lives of the poorer castes in traditional Indian society. One of the pioneers of Indo-Anglian fiction, he, together with R. K. Narayan, Ahmad Ali and Raja Rao, was one of the first India-based writers in English to gain an International readership. Anand is admired for his novels and short stories, which have acquired the status of classics of modern Indian English literature; they are noted for their perceptive insight into the lives of the oppressed and for their analysis of impoverishment, exploitation and misfortune. He became known for his protest novel \u201cUntouchable\u201d (1935), followed by other works on the Indian poor such as \u201cCoolie\u201d (1936) and \u201cTwo Leaves and a Bud\u201d (1937). He is also noted for being among the first writers to incorporate Punjabi and Hindustani idioms into English, and was a recipient of the civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan.", "Q339796": "The Live Ghost is a 1934 American short film starring Laurel and Hardy, directed by Charles Rogers and produced by Hal Roach.\nA copy of this film is held by the Library of Congress.\n\n", "Q13129": "The Pirate Party Germany (German: Piratenpartei Deutschland), commonly known as Pirates (German: Piraten), is a political party in Germany founded in September 2006 at c-base. It states general agreement with the Swedish Piratpartiet as a party of the information society; it is part of the international movement of pirate parties and a member of the Pirate Parties International. In 2011-12, the party succeeded in attaining a high enough vote share to enter four state parliaments (Berlin, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saarland and Schleswig-Holstein) and the European Parliament. However, their popularity rapidly declined and by 2017 they had no representation in any of the German state parliaments. Their one European MEP, Patrick Breyer, has joined the Greens/EFA group. Together with Marcel Kolaja, Mark\u00e9ta Gregorov\u00e1 and Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Peksa from the Czech Pirate Party they build up the European Pirate Party team for the European Parliament in Brussels.\nAccording to political theorist Oskar Niedermayer, the party sees itself as part of an international movement to shape with their term of \"digital revolution\" which is a circumscription for the transition into information society. With their focus on freedom in the net and their fight against government regulations of this sphere, they caught the attention especially of the younger generation. Even if the network policy is the core identity of the party, it is now more than just an advocacy party of \"digital natives\" and characterises itself as a social-liberal-progressive.Former federal chairman Sebastian Nerz sees the party as social-liberal party of fundamental rights which among other things wants to advocate for political transparency.", "Q356351": "Giovanni \"Gianni\" Agnelli, (Italian: [\u02c8d\u0292anni a\u0272\u02c8\u0272\u025blli]; 12 March 1921 \u2013 24 January 2003), also known as L'Avvocato (\"The Lawyer\"), was an Italian industrialist and principal shareholder of Fiat. As the head of Fiat, he controlled 4.4% of Italy's GDP, 3.1% of its industrial workforce and 16.5% of its industrial investment in research. He was the richest man in modern Italian history.Agnelli was regarded as having an impeccable and slightly eccentric fashion sense, which has influenced both Italian and international men's fashion.\nAgnelli was awarded the decoration Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 1967 and the title Knight of Labour (Cavaliere del lavoro) in 1977. Following his death in 2003, control of the firm was gradually passed to his grandson and chosen heir, John Elkann.", "Q131366": "Disturbed is an American heavy metal band from Chicago, formed in 1994. The band includes vocalist David Draiman, guitarist/keyboardist Dan Donegan, bassist John Moyer and drummer Mike Wengren. Draiman, Donegan and Wengren have been involved in the band since its inception with Moyer replacing former bassist Steve Kmak, first as session performer in 2003, and then officially in 2005. \nThe band has released seven studio albums, five of which have consecutively debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Disturbed went into hiatus in October 2011, during which the band's members focused on various side projects, and returned in June 2015, releasing their first album in four years, Immortalized in August 2015. They also released two live albums, Music as a Weapon II in February 2004 and Disturbed: Live at Red Rocks in November 2016, which was recorded on August 18, 2016, at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado.", "Q1612287": "Hermann Oelrichs (June 8, 1850 \u2013 September 1, 1906), was an American businessman, multimillionaire, and agent of Norddeutsche Lloyd shipping.", "Q272595": "Waterworld is a 1995 American post-apocalyptic action film directed by Kevin Reynolds and co-written by Peter Rader and David Twohy. It was based on Rader's original 1986 screenplay and stars Kevin Costner, who also produced it with Charles Gordon and John Davis. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.\nThe setting of the film is in the distant future. The polar ice cap has completely melted, and the sea level has risen over 7,600 m (25,000 ft), covering nearly all of the land. The plot of the film centers on an otherwise nameless antihero, \"The Mariner\", a drifter who sails the Earth in his trimaran.\nThe most expensive film ever made at the time, Waterworld was released to mixed reviews, praising the futuristic setting and premise but criticizing the characterization and acting performances. The film also was unable to recoup its massive budget at the box office; however, the film did later become profitable due to video and other post-cinema sales. The film was also nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound at the 68th Academy Awards.\nThe film's release was accompanied by a novelization, video game, and three themed attractions at Universal Studios Hollywood, Universal Studios Singapore, and Universal Studios Japan called Waterworld: A Live Sea War Spectacular, all of which are still running as of 2020.", "Q178000": "Kenneth Leon Nordtvedt (born 1939) is an American senior researcher specializing in relativistic theories of gravity. He was born on April 16, 1939, in Chicago, Illinois. Nordtvedt graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1960) and Stanford University (Ph.D., 1964) and was a junior fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows (1963-1965). Soon after witnessing the Sputnik spacecraft cross the Boston sky in fall of 1957, he became a part-time student employee for the Mars Probe project at the MIT Instrumentation Lab, and in early 1960s was staff physicist at the same Laboratory's project to develop the Apollo Mission's navigation and guidance system.\nIn the mid-1960s he showed how lunar laser ranging could be used to test a cornerstone of general relativity known as the equivalence principle, especially as extended to gravitationally compact bodies. He was a board member and scientific advisor overseeing the joint NASA-ESA Space Test of Equivalence Principle mission. In 1986 he was appointed by then President Ronald Reagan to the National Science Board. He was elected to three terms in the Montana state legislature for a six-year period 1979-1984, and there he wrote one of the first inflation indexing reforms of income tax law in the nation. He served briefly in 1989 as Director of the Montana Department of Revenue. He had support from NASA and NSF for much of his research, as well as being a Sloan Fellow. His research was the subject of a Wall Street Journal article featured on the front page.He showed in 1988 that General Relativity's gravitomagnetism between Earth and Moon, as those bodies orbited the Sun, was essential to fitting the synodic month and half synodic month range signals from lunar laser ranging.He is also an active genetic genealogist by interests. He has done his own research into genetic haplogroups, particularly the Y DNA group I, to which he belongs.", "Q7753141": "The National Academy of Sciences, India, established in 1930, is the oldest science academy in India. It is located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh.", "Q182812": "Frederick Clement Stevens (January 1, 1861 \u2013 July 1, 1923) was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota.", "Q371088": "Ulrik Neumann (23 October 1918 \u2013 28 June 1994) was a Danish film actor and musician. He appeared in 19 films between 1940 and 1966. Ulrik Neumann was an accomplished guitar player. From 1959 to 1961 he was a member of the trio Swe-Danes with the Swedish singer Alice Babs and the Danish jazz violinist Svend Asmussen. He was born in Copenhagen, Denmark and died in Malm\u00f6, Sweden. He was the father of guitarist Mikael Neumann and singer Ulla Neumann.", "Q244999": "Walking the Streets of Moscow (Russian: \u042f \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u043f\u043e \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435, translit. Ja shagayu po Moskve; I walk across Moscow) is a 1964 Soviet film directed by Georgiy Daneliya and produced by Mosfilm studios. It stars Nikita Mihalkov, Aleksei Loktev, Jevgeny Steblov and Galina Polskikh. The film also features cameos by four People's Artists of the USSR: Rolan Bykov, Vladimir Basov, Lev Durov, and Inna Churikova. The famous movie theme, performed by Mikhalkov, was written by the composer Andrej Petrov. The film, regarded as one of the most characteristic of the Khrushchev Thaw, premiered at the 1964 Cannes Film Festival and won a prize for the work of cameraman Vadim Yusov, best known for his subsequent collaboration with Andrei Tarkovsky.", "Q14120": "Dana Randall is a professor of theoretical computer science, the ADVANCE Professor of Computing, and adjunct professor of mathematics at Georgia Tech. She is also an External Professor of the Santa Fe Institute. Previously she was executive director of the Georgia Tech Institute of Data Engineering and Science (IDEaS) that she co-founded and the Algorithms and Randomness Center.", "Q1585625": "Steve Asheim (born January 17, 1970) is an American drummer and primary songwriter for the death metal band Deicide. Asheim endorses Pearl, Paiste, Vater, Axis and is known to collect guns, which can be seen in Deicide's DVD When London Burns. Asheim also plays guitar on the album Till Death Do Us Part. On November 20, 2007, Asheim joined the St. Petersburg, Florida-based death/black metal band Order of Ennead as their drummer.", "Q32681": "Franciscus Cornelis Gerardus Maria Timmermans (Dutch pronunciation: [fr\u0251n\u02c8s\u026ask\u028fs k\u0254r\u02c8ne\u02d0l\u026as xe\u02d0\u02c8r\u0251rd\u028fs fr\u0251ns \u02c8t\u026am\u0259r\u02ccm\u0251ns]; born 6 May 1961) is a Dutch politician and diplomat nominated as Executive Vice President of the European Commission from 2019. He currently serves as First Vice-President and European Commissioner for Better Regulation, Interinstitutional Relations, the Rule of Law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights from 2014 to 2019. He was the lead candidate of the Party of European Socialists (PES) for President of the European Commission in the European election that was held in May 2019.\nTimmermans previously served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2014 in the Second Rutte cabinet and State Secretary for Foreign Affairs from 2007 to 2010 in the Fourth Balkenende cabinet, in charge of European Affairs. He was a member of the Dutch House of Representatives for the Labour Party from 1998 to 2007 and again 2010 to 2012. He was a civil servant in the diplomatic service of the Netherlands from 1987 to 1998, until he became active in politics.", "Q108281": "Herbert Gerigk (2 March 1905, Mannheim \u2013 20 June 1996, Dortmund) was a German musicologist, notable for his co-authoring of the Nazi Lexicon of Jews in Music.\nAfter graduation in 1928, Herbert Gerigk published in 1932 a thesis on Giuseppe Verdi. It was the first important musicological overall presentation of Verdi in Germany and appeared in the series \"The Great Masters of Music.\"\nGerigk joined the Nazi Party in 1932 and joined the SA in 1933. From 1935 he worked in the National Socialist German Reich as \"head the music section for the monitoring of the intellectual and ideological training and education of the Nazi Party\". In 1935 he joined the SS.Gerigk took over the planning of the music policy of Alfred Rosenberg and was responsible for its implementation in the Rosenberg's office. This policy was to suppress Jewish representation in musical life by removing Jews from their positions and stopping the spread of new music.\nGerigk's most famous work was the antisemitic concoction Lexicon of Jews in Music , which he edited in collaboration with Theophil Stengel , Speaker of the Reich Music Chamber. The aim of the work was to prevent 'accidental' performances of works by Jewish and part-Jewish composers, to identify all Jewish music practitioners, but particularly to devalue composers fixed in the German musical tradition such as Felix Mendelssohn, Giacomo Meyerbeer and Gustav Mahler, through lies and deliberate falsification.\nDuring the Second World War Gerigk took a leading role in the persecution of Jews. He headed the Office of Music in Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg, and was a driving force in all activities of the 'Music Special Staff' in occupied countries. The activity included the plunder of cultural property in the occupied countries and its transport to Germany. In occupied France alone, Gerigk's investigators carried out roberries over two years from 34,500 Jewish houses or apartments, including those of Emmerich K\u00e1lm\u00e1n , Darius Milhaud , Fernand Halphen, Arno Poldes, and Gregor Piatigorsky. Of the machinery of destruction of the Holocaust , Gerigk wrote in 1942: \"The question must be raised as to whether it is appropriate, given the liquidation of European Jewry, to permit Jewish half-breeds as cultural workers in any form.\"In 1943 he became chief editor of the music magazine promoted by Rosenberg, Music in War; in 1944 he was promoted to SS-Hauptsturmf\u00fchrer.After the Second World War Gerigk was never brought to justice for his complicity in the Holocaust. Although his Nazi past prevented an academic career, he worked as a music critic at the Dortmund Ruhr-Nachrichten. In 1954 he wrote a Dictionary of Music, which was issued by the same firm (Bernhard Hahnefeld) that had published him during the Nazi era.", "Q1389244": "Priest Joseph Brooks, (known professionally as Soopafly born December 8, 1972) is a hip hop producer and rapper from Long Beach, California. He is a member of the DPGC.", "Q712082": "Franti\u0161ek Listopad (26 November 1921 \u2013 1 October 2017) (born Ji\u0159\u00ed Synek, in Portugal known as Jorge Listopad) was a Czech poet, prose writer, essayist, theatre and television director, promoter of Czech literature and culture abroad, regarded as an expert on Central European thought and cultural output.", "Q90220": "Uwe Nettelbeck (7 August 1940 \u2013 17 January 2007) was a German record producer, journalist and film critic. He was best known as the creator and producer of the German krautrock band Faust and changed the face of German rock music in the early 1970s. He was also one of Germany's leading film critics in the 1960s.Nettelbeck was married to author, film producer and actress Petra Nettelbeck, and was the father of film director and screenwriter Sandra Nettelbeck.", "Q581652": "Juraj Val\u010duha (born 1976, Bratislava) is a Slovak conductor.\nIn his home town, Val\u010duha studied composition and conducting at the Konzervat\u00f3rium v Bratislave. He later studied conducting with Ilya Musin in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and with Janos F\u00fcrst at the Conservatoire de Paris. From 2003 to 2005, he was an assistant conductor at the Orchestre national de Montpellier and the Op\u00e9ra national de Montpellier.\nVal\u010duha first guest-conducted the RAI National Symphony Orchestra in 2005. He became the orchestra's principal conductor in the 2009\u201310 season. He concluded his RAI tenure in 2016. In July 2016, the Teatro di San Carlo announced the appointment of Val\u010duha as its music director. He is principal guest conductor of the Konzerthausorchester Berlin as of the 2017\u201318 season, following his initial guest-conducting appearance with the orchestra in the 2014\u201315 season, and his subsequent return guest-conducting engagement two years later.\nVal\u010duha makes his home in France.", "Q316013": "Satoru Iwata (Japanese: \u5ca9\u7530 \u8061, Hepburn: Iwata Satoru, December 6, 1959 \u2013 July 11, 2015) was a Japanese businessman, video game programmer and video game designer. He was the fourth president and chief executive officer (CEO) of Nintendo. He is widely regarded as a major contributor in broadening the appeal of video games to a wider audience by focusing on novel and entertaining games rather than top-of-the-line hardware.\nBorn in Sapporo, Japan, Iwata expressed interest in video games from an early age and created his first simple game while in high school. He majored in computer science at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. In 1980, he joined the game developer HAL Laboratory while attending the university. During his early years at HAL Laboratory he worked as a programmer and closely collaborated with Nintendo, producing his first commercial game in 1983. Notable titles to which he contributed at HAL include EarthBound and the Kirby series. Following a downturn and near-bankruptcy, Iwata became the president of HAL Laboratory in 1993 at the insistence of Nintendo President Hiroshi Yamauchi and brought financial stability to the company. In the following years, he assisted in the development of the Pok\u00e9mon and Super Smash Bros. series. Iwata joined Nintendo as the head of its corporate-planning division in 2000.\nNintendo soon saw notable growth with Iwata's assistance and, when Yamauchi retired, he became the company's president in May 2002. Under Iwata's direction, Nintendo developed the Nintendo DS and Wii video game consoles, helping the company achieve financial success. As a self-declared gamer, he focused on expanding the appeal of video games across all demographics through a \"blue ocean\" business strategy. The company attained record profits by 2009, and Barron's placed Iwata among the top 30 CEOs worldwide. Iwata subsequently expanded his blue ocean strategy by defining a quality of life product line for the Wii that later evolved into a ten-year business strategy to create stand-alone products. Later hardware such as the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U proved far less profitable than the Wii, and Nintendo's net sales fell by two thirds from 2009 to 2012; the company saw its first operating losses in 30 years during this time. Iwata voluntarily halved his salary in 2011 and 2014. In 2015, after several years of refusal, Iwata put a portion of Nintendo's focus into the rapidly growing mobile game market; a landmark partnership with mobile provider DeNA was established that March. Throughout his career, Iwata built a strong relationship with Nintendo fans through social media and his regular appearances in Iwata Asks and Nintendo Direct, becoming the public face of the company.\nIn June 2014, a tumor in Iwata's bile duct was discovered during a routine physical exam. It was removed, and Iwata returned to work in October of that year. The problem resurfaced in 2015, and Iwata died at the age of 55 from its complications on July 11. Members of the gaming industry and fans alike offered tributes through public announcements and social media, and fans worldwide established temporary memorials. Iwata was posthumously awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2015 Golden Joystick Awards and the 2016 DICE Awards.", "Q96889": "Johann George Ludwig Hesekiel (12 August 1819 \u2013 26 February 1874) was a German author from Halle, where his father, distinguished as a writer of sacred poetry, was a Lutheran pastor.\nHesekiel studied history and philosophy in Halle, Jena and Berlin, and devoted himself in early life to journalism and literature. In 1848 he settled in Berlin, where he lived until his death, achieving a considerable reputation as a writer and as editor of the Neue Preussische Zeitung.\nHe attempted many different kinds of literary work, the most ambitious being perhaps his patriotic songs Preussenlieder, of which he published a volume during the revolutionary excitement of 1848\u20131849. Another collection, Neue Preussenlieder, appeared in 1864 after the Danish War, and a third in 1870, Gegen die Franzosen, Preussische Kriegs- und K\u00f6nigslieder, during the Franco-Prussian War.\nAmong his novels may be mentioned Unter dem Eisenzohn (1864) and Der Schultheiss vom Zeyst (1875). The best known of his works is his biography of Prince Otto von Bismarck (Das Buch vom Fursten Bismarck) (3rd ed., 1873; English trans. by RH Mackenzie).", "Q254552": "Merrin Melissa Dungey (born August 6, 1971) is an American film and television actress, known for her roles on the television series The King of Queens, Alias, Malcolm in the Middle, and Summerland. Dungey also appeared as Ursula on Once Upon a Time, and starred in the legal drama Conviction. Most recently, she appeared on the medical drama The Resident, and costars in the 2019 legal drama The Fix.", "Q209641": "David John Moore Cornwell (born 19 October 1931), better known by the pen name John le Carr\u00e9 (), is a British author of espionage novels. During the 1950s and 1960s, he worked for both the Security Service (MI5) and the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6). His third novel, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963), became an international best-seller and remains one of his best-known works. Following the success of this novel, he left MI6 to become a full-time author. Several of his books have been adapted for film and television, including The Constant Gardener, Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy and The Night Manager. In 2011, he was awarded the Goethe Medal.", "Q1349706": "Sergio de Castro Spikula is a Chilean economist who served the military junta headed by Augusto Pinochet as economy and finance minister. De Castro was one of the Chicago boys, trained in economics at the University of Chicago. Sergio de Castro is one of the authors of the influential text known as El ladrillo, writing its prologue. \n\n", "Q1448131": "The Italian protectorate of Albania, also known as the Kingdom of Albania or Greater Albania, existed as a protectorate of the Kingdom of Italy. It was practically a union between Italy and Albania, officially led by Italy's King Victor Emmanuel III and its government: Albania was led by Italian governors, after being militarily occupied by Italy, from 1939 until 1943. During this time, Albania ceased to exist as an independent country and remained as an autonomous part of the Italian Empire led by Italian government officials, who intended to make Albania part of a Greater Italy by assimilating Albanians as Italians and colonizing Albania with Italian settlers from the Italian Peninsula to transform it gradually into an Italian land.In the Treaty of London during World War I, the Triple Entente had promised to Italy, central and southern Albania as a possession; as a reward for fighting alongside the Entente. In June 1917, after Italian soldiers seized control of substantial areas of Albania, Italy formally declared a protectorate over central and southern Albania; however this was overturned in September 1920 when Italy was pressured to remove its army from Albania. Italy was enraged with the minimal gains that it received from peace negotiations, which it regarded as having violated the Treaty of London. Italian Fascists claimed that Albanians were ethnically linked to Italians through links with the prehistoric Italiotes, Illyrian and Roman populations, and that the major influence exerted by the Roman and Venetian empires over Albania justified Italy's right to possess it. Italy also justified the annexation of Albania on the basis that because several hundred thousand people of Albanian descent had been absorbed into society in southern Italy already, that the incorporation of Albania was a reasonable measure that would unite people of Albanian descent into one state. Italy supported Albanian irredentism, directed against the predominantly Albanian-populated Kosovo in Yugoslavia and Epirus in Greece, particularly the border area of Chameria, inhabited by the Cham Albanian minority.", "Q1514896": "Gerry Leonard is an Irish lead guitarist and solo artist, known for his harmonic and ambient guitar style and for his work with David Bowie. He has lived and worked in Dublin, Copenhagen, and Manhattan.", "Q726327": "Francis William Reitz, Jr. (Swellendam, 5 October 1844 \u2013 Cape Town, 27 March 1934) was a South African lawyer, politician, statesman, publicist, and poet who was a member of parliament of the Cape Colony, Chief Justice and fifth State President of the Orange Free State, State Secretary of the South African Republic at the time of the Second Boer War, and the first president of the Senate of the Union of South Africa.Reitz had an extremely varied political and judicial career that lasted for over forty-five years and spanned four separate political entities: the Cape Colony, the Orange Free State, the South African Republic, and the Union of South Africa. Trained as a lawyer in Cape Town and London, Reitz started off in law practice and diamond prospecting before being appointed Chief Justice of the Orange Free State. In the Orange Free State Reitz played an important role in the modernisation of the legal system and the state's administrative organisation. At the same time he was also prominent in public life, getting involved in the Afrikaner language and culture movement, and cultural life in general. He was a South African Freemason.Reitz was a popular personality, both for his politics and his openness. When State President Brand suddenly died in 1888, Reitz won the presidential elections unopposed. After being re-elected in 1895, subsequently making a trip to Europe, Reitz fell seriously ill, and had to retire. In 1898, now recovered, he was appointed State Secretary of the South African Republic, and became a leading Afrikaner political figure during the Second Boer War. Reluctant to shift allegiance to the British, Reitz went into voluntary exile after the war ended. Several years later he returned to South Africa and set up a law practice again, in Pretoria. In the late 1900s he became involved in politics once more, and upon the declaration of the Union of South Africa in 1910, Reitz was chosen the first president of the Senate.Reitz was an important figure in Afrikaner cultural life during most of his life, especially through his poems and other publications.", "Q1392102": "Ryan Stahr Kulchinsky (born January 7, 1978) is an American rock singer-songwriter from Long Island, New York, currently signed on Island Records. His first major label record 11:59, released via Atlantic in 2010, reached No. 31 on Billboard 200 and No. 10 on Billboard Rock albums chart. Star became known to a wider audience as contestant on the CBS reality TV show Rock Star: Supernova in 2006. His songs have featured on several TV shows and promotion. His song Brand New Day, featured as the main theme to Fox TV series Lie to Me, earned him a BMI TV Music Award in May 2009.His first single for Island Records, \"Stay Awhile\" reached No. 28 on Billboard Adult Pop Songs, and its music video has logged over 1 million views on YouTube to date.\"Stay Awhile\" was released on iTunes August 14, 2012.", "Q123004": "Behgjet Isa Pacolli (born 30 August 1951; Albanian pronunciation: [b\u025bh\u02c8\u025f\u025bt p\u00e4\u02c8t\u0361so:\u026b\u026a]) is a Kosovar politician who is serving as the First Deputy Prime Minister of Kosovo and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Pacolli is a former President of Kosovo, and previously served as the First Deputy Prime Minister of Kosovo between 2011 and 2014. Pacolli was one of the signatories of 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence.\nHe is the major shareholder of Mabetex Group, a Swiss-based construction and civil-engineering company. Pacolli is also the President of the third biggest political party in Kosovo the New Kosovo Alliance. He is believed to be the world's richest ethnic Albanian.As a young man, Pacolli contacted companies throughout Austria and Germany seeking work and soon after finishing his military service, he joined an Austrian company, for which he worked as a sales representative for ex-Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Poland and Russia. Two years later, he moved to Switzerland and joined a Swiss company he had gotten to know in Moscow.", "Q622633": "Nampa ( (listen)) is the largest city of Canyon County, Idaho. Its population was 81,557 at the 2010 census and estimated at 96,252 as of 2018. It is Idaho's third-most populous city. Nampa is about 20 miles (32 km) west of Boise along Interstate 84, and six miles (10 km) west of Meridian. It is the second principal city of the Boise-Nampa metropolitan area. The name \"Nampa\" may have come from a Shoshoni word meaning either moccasin or footprint.", "Q30096": "Frederiksberg (Danish pronunciation: [f\u0281e\u00f0\u0281eks\u02c8p\u025b\u0250\u032f\u02c0]) is a part of the Capital Region of Denmark. It is formally an independent municipality, Frederiksberg Municipality, separate from Copenhagen Municipality, but both are a part of the City of Copenhagen. It occupies an area of less than 9 km2 and had a population of 103,192 in 2015.Frederiksberg is an enclave surrounded by Copenhagen Municipality. Some sources ambiguously refer to Frederiksberg as a quarter or neighbourhood of Copenhagen, being one of the four municipalities that constitute the City of Copenhagen (the other three being Copenhagen, T\u00e5rnby and Drag\u00f8r). However, Frederiksberg has its own mayor and municipal council, and is fiercely independent.\nFrederiksberg is an affluent area., characterised by its many green spaces, such as the Frederiksberg Gardens, S\u00f8ndermarken, and Hostrups Have. Some institutions and locations that are widely considered to be part of Copenhagen are actually located in Frederiksberg. For example, Copenhagen Zoo as well as several stations of the Copenhagen Metro (the stations Forum, Frederiksberg, Fasanvej, Lindevang, and Flintholm) are located in Frederiksberg. The Copenhagen S-train system also has several stations in Frederiksberg, including Peter Bangs Vej station and Flintholm station.", "Q95358": "Gustav Emil Devrient (4 September 1803, Berlin \u2013 7 August 1872, Dresden) was a German actor and an occasional operatic bass.", "Q964243": "Pehr (Per) Georg Scheutz (23 September 1785 \u2013 22 May 1873) was a 19th-century Swedish lawyer, translator, and inventor, who is now best known for his pioneering work in computer technology.", "Q403889": "Aidan John Moffat (born 10 April 1973) is a Scottish vocalist and musician, and member of the band Arab Strap.", "Q49233": "Orlando () is a city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Orange County. Located in Central Florida, it is the center of the Orlando metropolitan area, which had a population of 2,509,831, according to U.S. Census Bureau figures released in July 2017. These figures make it the 23rd-largest metropolitan area in the United States, the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States, and the third-largest metropolitan area in Florida. As of 2018, Orlando had an estimated city-proper population of 285,713, making it the 71st-largest city in the United States, the fourth-largest city in Florida, and the state's largest inland city.\nThe City of Orlando is nicknamed \"the City Beautiful,\" and its symbol is the Linton E. Allen Memorial Fountain, commonly referred to as simply the \"Lake Eola fountain\" at Lake Eola Park. The Orlando International Airport (MCO) is the thirteenth-busiest airport in the United States and the 29th-busiest in the world.Orlando is one of the most visited cities in the world primarily driven by tourism, major events, and convention traffic, in 2018 the city drew more than 75 million visitors. The two largest and most internationally renowned tourist attractions in the Orlando area include the Walt Disney World Resort, opened by the Walt Disney Company in 1971, and located approximately 21 miles (34 km) southwest of Downtown Orlando in Bay Lake; and the Universal Orlando Resort, opened in 1990 as a major expansion of Universal Studios Florida. With the exception of Walt Disney World, most major attractions are located along International Drive with one of these attractions being the Wheel at ICON Park Orlando. The city is also one of the busiest American cities for conferences and conventions; the Orange County Convention Center is the second-largest convention facility in the United States.\nLike other major cities in the Sun Belt, Orlando grew rapidly from the 1980s up into the first decade of the 21st century. Orlando is home to the University of Central Florida, which is the largest university campus in the United States in terms of enrollment as of 2015. In 2010, Orlando was listed as a \"Gamma\u2212\" level global city in the World Cities Study Group's inventory.", "Q2822225": "The Academy of Art University, formerly Academy of Art College and Richard Stephens Academy of Art, is a privately owned for-profit art school in San Francisco, California, in the United States. It was founded as the Academy of Advertising Art by Richard S. Stephens in 1929. It has 283 full-time teachers and 1154 part-time teaching staff, and about 11,000 students; it claims to be the largest privately owned art and design school in the United States.The school has open admissions and an admission acceptance rate of 100%. In 2016, its accreditor expressed concern over low graduation rates; approximately 7% of students then completed a four-year degree within the allotted time. As of 2015, the school has not published job placement rates since 2006, and disagrees with the US Department of Education over whether it is required to do so.The school is one of the largest property owners in San Francisco, with the main campus located on New Montgomery Street in the South of Market district.", "Q50776": "Australian rules football, officially known as Australian football, or simply called Aussie rules, football or footy, is a contact sport played between two teams of eighteen players on an oval-shaped field, often a modified cricket ground. Points are scored by kicking the oval-shaped ball between the middle goal posts (worth six points) or between a goal and behind post (worth one point).\nDuring general play, players may position themselves anywhere on the field and use any part of their bodies to move the ball. The primary methods are kicking, handballing and running with the ball. There are rules on how the ball can be handled: for example, players running with the ball must intermittently bounce or touch it on the ground. Throwing the ball is not allowed and players must not get caught holding the ball. A distinctive feature of the game is the mark, where players anywhere on the field who catch the ball from a kick (with specific conditions) are awarded possession. Possession of the ball is in dispute at all times except when a free kick or mark is paid. Players can tackle using their hands or use their whole body to obstruct opponents. Dangerous physical contact (such as pushing an opponent in the back), interference when marking and deliberately slowing the play are discouraged with free kicks, distance penalties or suspension for a certain number of matches, depending on the seriousness of the infringement. The game features frequent physical contests, spectacular marking, fast movement of both players and the ball and high scoring. \nThe sport's origins can be traced to football matches played in Melbourne, Victoria, in 1858, inspired by English public school football games. Seeking to develop a game more suited to adults and Australian conditions, the Melbourne Football Club published the first laws of Australian football in May 1859, making it the oldest of the world's major football codes.Australian football has the highest spectator attendance and television viewership of all sports in Australia, while the Australian Football League (AFL), the sport's only fully professional competition, is the nation's wealthiest sporting body. The AFL Grand Final, held annually at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, is the highest attended club championship event in the world. The sport is also played at amateur level in many countries and in several variations. Its rules are governed by the AFL Commission with the advice of the AFL's Laws of the Game Committee.", "Q123010": "Hans K\u00fcng (pronounced [\u02c8hans \u02c8k\u028f\u014b]; born 19 March 1928) is a Swiss Catholic priest, theologian, and author. Since 1995 he has been President of the Foundation for a Global Ethic (Stiftung Weltethos). He is notable for his rejection of the doctrine of papal infallibility. Although K\u00fcng is not officially allowed to teach Catholic theology, his priestly faculties have not been revoked. In 1979, he had to leave the Catholic faculty, but remained at the University of T\u00fcbingen as a professor of ecumenical theology, serving as an emeritus professor since 1996.\n\n", "Q924673": "The New York Herald was a large-distribution newspaper based in New York City that existed between 1835 and 1924, when it merged with the New-York Tribune to form the New York Herald Tribune.", "Q541304": "Steven Meigs Ford (born May 19, 1956) is an American actor, and son of former U.S. President Gerald Ford and former First Lady Betty Ford.\n\n", "Q1693955": "Johann Georg Sch\u00fcrer (1720 \u2013 16 February 1786) was a German baroque composer. He was born in Bohemia, and died in Dresden, aged about 65.", "Q201209": "Captain Horatio Hornblower (a.k.a. Captain Horatio Hornblower R.N. in the UK, \"R.N.\" standing for \"Royal Navy\") is a 1951 British-American naval swashbuckling war film in Technicolor from Warner Bros., produced by Gerry Mitchell, directed by Raoul Walsh, that stars Gregory Peck, Virginia Mayo, Robert Beatty and Terence Morgan.\nThe film is based on three of C. S. Forester's Horatio Hornblower novels: The Happy Return (Beat to Quarters in the United States), A Ship of the Line, and Flying Colours. Forester is credited with the screen adaptation.", "Q71960": "Save the Last Dance is a 2001 American teen dance film produced by MTV Productions, directed by Thomas Carter and released by Paramount Pictures on January 12, 2001. The film stars Julia Stiles and Sean Patrick Thomas as a teenage interracial couple in Chicago who work together to help the main character, played by Stiles, train for a dance audition. A direct-to-video sequel, Save the Last Dance 2, was released in 2006.\n\n", "Q292475": "Shelly Leonor Martinez (born February 9, 1980) is an American model, actress, retired professional wrestler and valet. She is known for her work with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) on its ECW brand under the ring name Ariel and for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name Salinas as valet to The Latin American Xchange (LAX).\nMartinez entered professional wrestling in December 2000. She worked mainly on the independent circuit in Southern California, using the name Desire, competing for promotions including Revolution Pro Wrestling, Ultimate Pro Wrestling and the Empire Wrestling Federation (EWF). In April 2005, she signed a contract with WWE, and was assigned to their developmental territory, Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW). She moved to the ECW brand in mid-2006, and using a gimmick of a tarot reader, managed Kevin Thorn, while known as Ariel. In 2007, she was released from her WWE contract, and signed with TNA. Known as Salinas, she was associated with LAX, and managed both members of the team, Homicide and Hernandez. She left TNA in September 2008, and appeared for several independent promotions until her retirement in 2017.\nMartinez is also known for her acting and modeling work. She was a contestant on the reality television show, The Search for the Next Elvira, and has also appeared in films. She starred in The Notorious Jewel De'Nyle & Shelly Martinez, a softcore pornography video alongside Jewel De'Nyle, and has also posed nude on several occasions.", "Q1054923": "British Hong Kong was a colony and British Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom from 1841 to 1997, apart from a brief period under Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945. The colonial period began with the occupation of Hong Kong Island in 1841 during the First Opium War. The island was ceded by Qing dynasty in the aftermath of the war in 1842 and established as a Crown colony in 1843. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898.\nAlthough Hong Kong Island and Kowloon were ceded in perpetuity, the leased area comprised 92 per cent of the territory and Britain considered that there was no viable way to divide the now single colony, while the Chinese Communist Party would not consider extending the lease or allowing British administration thereafter. Britain eventually agreed to transfer the entire colony to China upon the expiration of that lease in 1997 after obtaining guarantees to preserve its systems, freedoms, and way of life for at least 50 years.", "Q314610": "Ethan Suplee (; born May 25, 1976) is an American film and television actor best known for his roles as Seth Ryan in American History X, Louie Lastik in Remember the Titans, Frankie in Boy Meets World, Randy Hickey in My Name Is Earl, Toby in The Wolf of Wall Street, Elwood in Without a Paddle, and his roles in Kevin Smith\u2019s films.", "Q282666": "The Sky Pilot is a 1921 American silent drama film based on the novel of the same name by Ralph Connor. It is directed by King Vidor and features Colleen Moore. In February 2020, the film was shown in a newly restored version at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival, as part of a retrospective dedicated to King Vidor's career.", "Q49227": "Winston-Salem is a city in and the county seat of Forsyth County, North Carolina, United States. With a 2018 estimated population of 246,328 it is the second largest municipality in the Piedmont Triad region, the fifth most populous city in North Carolina, the third largest urban area in North Carolina, and the eighty-ninth most populous city in the United States. With a metropolitan population of 676,673 it is the fourth largest metropolitan area in North Carolina. Winston-Salem is home to the tallest office building in the region, 100 North Main Street, formerly the Wachovia Building and now known locally as the Wells Fargo Center.\nWinston-Salem is called the \"Twin City\" for its dual heritage. \"Camel City\" is a reference to the city's historic involvement in the tobacco industry related to locally based R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company's Camel cigarettes. Many locals refer to the city as \"Winston\" in informal speech. Winston-Salem is also home to many colleges and institutions, most notably Wake Forest University and Winston-Salem State University.\nIn 2012, the city was listed among the ten best places to retire in the United States by CBS MoneyWatch. Winston-Salem has seen a surge in growth and revitalization in the downtown area with hotels, restaurants, and apartments under construction.", "Q511533": "La Vanguardia (Catalan: [l\u0259 \u03b2\u0259\u014b\u02c8\u0261wa\u027e\u00f0i\u0259]; Spanish: [la \u03b2a\u014b\u02c8\u0261wa\u027e\u00f0ja], Spanish for \"The Vanguard\") is a Spanish daily newspaper, founded in 1881. It is printed in Spanish and, since 3 May 2011, also in Catalan (Spanish copy is automatically translated into Catalan). It has its headquarters in Barcelona and is Catalonia's leading newspaper.\nLa Vanguardia, despite being mostly distributed in Catalonia, has Spain's fourth-highest circulation among general-interest newspapers, trailing only the three main Madrid dailies \u2013 El Pa\u00eds, El Mundo and ABC, all of which are national newspapers with offices and local editions throughout the country.\nIts editorial line leans to the centre of politics and is moderate in its opinions, although in Francoist Spain it followed Francoist ideology and to this day has Catholic sensibilities and strong ties to the Spanish nobility through the God\u00f3 family.", "Q2103": "Bochum ( BOH-khuum, also US: BOH-k\u0259m, German: [\u02c8bo\u02d0x\u028am] (listen); Westphalian: Baukem) is the sixth largest city of the most populous German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne, D\u00fcsseldorf, Dortmund, Essen and Duisburg, and its 364,920 (2016) inhabitants make it the 16th largest city of Germany. On the Ruhr Heights (Ruhrh\u00f6hen) hill chain, between the rivers Ruhr to the south and Emscher to the north (tributaries of the Rhine), it is the second largest city of Westphalia after Dortmund, and the fourth largest city of the Ruhr after Dortmund, Essen and Duisburg. It lies at the centre of the Ruhr, Germany's largest urban area, in the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region, and belongs to the region of Arnsberg. It is surrounded by the cities of (in clockwise direction) Herne, Castrop-Rauxel, Dortmund, Witten, Hattingen, Essen and Gelsenkirchen. Bochum is the sixth largest and one of the southernmost cities in the Low German dialect area. There are nine institutions of higher education in the city, most notably the Ruhr University Bochum (Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum), one of the ten largest universities in Germany, and the Bochum University of Applied Sciences (Hochschule Bochum).", "Q74818": "Schwyz District is a district of the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland. It is both the largest and most populous of the six districts of the canton of Schwyz, accounting for around half its surface area, and 40% of the population. It has a population of 55,382 (as of 31 December 2018).\nThe district contains a total of 15 municipalities, of which the town of Schwyz is the capital.", "Q534943": "Galleon is French house group from Marseille, founded by Michel Fages and Phillippe Laurent, (who recruited Gilles Fahy for singing).", "Q9056": "Czech (; Czech \u010de\u0161tina [\u02c8t\u0283\u025b\u0283c\u026ana]), historically also Bohemian (; lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language of the Czech\u2013Slovak group. Spoken by over 10 million people, it serves as the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech is closely related to Slovak, to the point of mutual intelligibility to a very high degree, as well as Polish. Like other Slavic languages, Czech is a fusional language with a rich system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin and German.The Czech\u2013Slovak group developed within West Slavic in the high medieval period, and the standardization of Czech and Slovak within the Czech\u2013Slovak dialect continuum emerged in the early modern period. In the later 18th to mid-19th century, the modern written standard became codified in the context of the Czech National Revival. The main non-standard variety, known as Common Czech, is based on the vernacular of Prague, but is now spoken as an interdialect throughout most of the Czech Republic. The Moravian dialects spoken in the eastern part of the country are also classified as Czech, although some of their eastern variants are closer to Slovak.\nCzech has a moderately-sized phoneme inventory, comprising ten monophthongs, three diphthongs and 25 consonants (divided into \"hard\", \"neutral\" and \"soft\" categories). Words may contain complicated consonant clusters or lack vowels altogether. Czech has a raised alveolar trill, which is known to occur as a phoneme in only a few other languages, represented by the grapheme \u0159. Czech uses a simple orthography which phonologists have used as a model.", "Q382114": "Mehmet Ali Erbil (born 8 February 1957) is a Turkish comedian, actor and talk show host.", "Q772762": "Sadat X (born Derek Murphy; December 29, 1968) is an American rapper, best known as a member of Alternative hip hop group Brand Nubian. Originally known as Derek X, Sadat takes his name from former Egyptian president Anwar Sadat.In 1996, Sadat recorded on the Red Hot Organization's compilation CD America is Dying Slowly, alongside Biz Markie, Wu-Tang Clan, Fat Joe and others. The CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was called \"a masterpiece\" by The Source magazine.", "Q356423": "Reuben Brainin, Reuven Brainin, or Ruben ben Mordecai Brainin (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d1\u05df \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05df\u200e; March 16, 1862 \u2013 November 30, 1939) was a Russian Jewish publicist, biographer and literary critic.", "Q431191": "Nicholas David Rowland Cassavetes (born May 21, 1959) is an American actor, director and writer.", "Q939144": "Manuel Cabahug Briones (January 1, 1893 \u2013 September 29, 1957) was Filipino Visayan lawyer, judge, and politician from Cebu, Philippines. He was the first Supreme Court Associate Justice from Cebu, and he was a former Associate Justice of the Court of Appeals, two-term Senator, Member of the House of Representative for four consecutive terms, and editor from Cebu, Philippines.\n\n", "Q842284": "Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard, as well as a recreational activity, an art form, an entertainment industry job, and a method of transportation. Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years. A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world. In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters. However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas and parks.", "Q1266083": "Lenny Kaye (born December 27, 1946) is an American guitarist, composer, and writer who is best known as a member of the Patti Smith Group.", "Q340241": "Achille Peretti (13 June 1911 \u2013 14 April 1983), was a French politician.\nPeretti was born in Ajaccio. A lawyer by profession, he was a member of the French resistance, and was in charge of security of Charles de Gaulle's government in Algiers.\nAfter the war, Peretti pursued a business career. A member of the French parliament from 1958 to his death, he became chairman of the National Assembly in 1969 when Jacques Chaban-Delmas was nominated as prime minister. After the right-wing coalition's narrow victory in the 1973 elections, he had to step down and was replaced by Edgar Faure.\nPeretti was the mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine from 1947 until his death. He was succeeded by Nicolas Sarkozy who had become his political prot\u00e9g\u00e9.", "Q44703": "Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the study of birds. Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and the aesthetic appeal of birds.The science of ornithology has a long history and studies on birds have helped develop several key concepts in evolution, behaviour and ecology such as the definition of species, the process of speciation, instinct, learning, ecological niches, guilds, island biogeography, phylogeography, and conservation. While early ornithology was principally concerned with descriptions and distributions of species, ornithologists today seek answers to very specific questions, often using birds as models to test hypotheses or predictions based on theories. Most modern biological theories apply across life forms, and the number of scientists who identify themselves as \"ornithologists\" has therefore declined. A wide range of tools and techniques are used in ornithology, both inside the laboratory and out in the field, and innovations are constantly made.", "Q370382": "Jean-Marie-Bernard Cl\u00e9ment (25 December 1742 in Dijon \u2013 3 February 1812 in Paris) was a French writer and translator.", "Q627987": "Modesto Lafuente y Zamalloa (1 May 1806 at Rabanal de los Caballeros, Cervera de Pisuerga, Palencia Province \u2013 25 October 1866 at Madrid) was a Spanish critic and historian.", "Q118086": "Pierre Maudet (born 6 March 1978) is a Swiss and French politician. Maudet is a member of FDP.The Liberals. He was the mayor of Geneva from 1 June 2011 to 31 May 2012.\n\n", "Q316761": "Pusher is a 1996 Danish crime thriller film co-written and directed by Nicolas Winding Refn, in his film debut. A commercial success considered to be influential in Danish film history, it marked Mads Mikkelsen's film debut.\nThe film is set in the criminal underground of Copenhagen, Denmark, and tells the story of the drug dealer Frank (Kim Bodnia) who, after losing a large amount of money in a drug deal gone wrong, falls into desperation as he only has a few days to raise the money he owes.\nAlthough he did not want to turn Pusher into a franchise, financial difficulties forced Winding Refn to make two sequels: Pusher II, focusing on Mikkelsen's character after the events of the first film, and Pusher 3, focusing on another secondary character introduced in Pusher; both sequels were financial and critical successes as well. A Hindi remake of the film was also released in 2010, followed by a British remake in 2012.", "Q328857": "Cyril John Mockridge (August 6, 1896 \u2013 January 18, 1979) was an English film and television composer who scored such films as Cheaper by the Dozen, River of No Return and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. He was nominated for an Academy Award for the 1955 film Guys and Dolls, and composed the theme music for the television Western series Laramie.\nMockridge spent years as a staff composer for Twentieth Century-Fox, frequently working with Alfred Newman and Alfred's brother Lionel. He is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles.", "Q137703": "Four Days in September (Portuguese: O Que \u00c9 Isso, Companheiro?) is a 1997 Brazilian thriller film directed by Bruno Barreto and produced by his parents Lucy and Luiz Carlos Barreto. It is a fictional version of the 1969 kidnapping of the United States Ambassador to Brazil, Charles Burke Elbrick, by members of Revolutionary Movement 8th October (MR-8) and A\u00e7\u00e3o Libertadora Nacional (ALN).\nIt was nominated as Best Foreign Language Film at the 1998 Academy Awards.", "Q202066": "Larry Bagby (born March 7, 1974) is an American actor and musician who is best known as Ernie 'Ice' in Hocus Pocus, Larry Blaisdell in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Pvt. Shirley \"Hickey\" Kendrick in Saints and Soldiers, Marshall Grant in Walk the Line, and Frank Ellis in The Young and the Restless", "Q161545": "The South Schleswig Voters' Association (Danish: Sydslesvigsk V\u00e6lgerforening, German: S\u00fcdschleswigscher W\u00e4hlerverband, North Frisian: S\u00f6\u00f6dschlaswiksche W\u00e4\u00e4lerferb\u00e5nd) is a regionalist political party in Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany. The party represents the Danish and Frisian minorities of the state.As a party representing a national minority, the SSW declines to identify itself with a left-right political scale, but it models its policies on those of the Nordic countries, which often means favouring a strong welfare state, but, on the other hand, a more free market labour policy than the German social market economy model. The SSW is represented in the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein and several regional and municipal councils. The party has not contested any federal elections in Germany since 1965.\nAs a party for the national Danish minority in Southern Schleswig, the SSW is not subject to the general requirement of passing a 5% vote threshold to gain proportional seats in either the state parliament (Landtag) or the federal German parliament (Bundestag). In the most recent 2017 state election, the SSW received 3.3% of the votes and three seats.", "Q9730": "Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music. While a more precise term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from before the 6th century AD to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods. The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period.", "Q286366": "\u00c9mile Proulx-Cloutier (born 1983 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian actor and musician. He is most noted for his performance in the film We Are the Others (Nous sommes les autres), for which he received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Actor at the 6th Canadian Screen Awards.His other roles have included the films Matusalem, The Ring, Le Banquet, Le d\u00e9serteur, Another House (L'Autre maison), Remember Me (M\u00e9morable moi) and La Bolduc, and the television series Deux fr\u00e8res, Les Hauts et les bas de Sophie Paquin, 30 vies and Plan B. As a musician he has released two albums, Aimer les monstres (2014) and Mar\u00e9e haute (2017).He has also directed short films. His film Life Begins (La Vie commence) was a shortlisted Genie Award nominee for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 30th Genie Awards.\nAs a musician, he received a SOCAN Songwriting Prize nomination in 2018 for his song \"Petite valise\".", "Q55168": "Theodoros \"Theo\" Angelopoulos (; Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2; 27 April 1935 \u2013 24 January 2012) was a Greek filmmaker, screenwriter and film producer.\nAn acclaimed and multi-awarded film director who dominated the Greek art film industry from 1975 on, Angelopoulos was one of the most influential and widely respected filmmakers in the world. He started making films in 1967. In the 1970s he made a series of political films about modern Greece.\nAngelopoulos' work, described by Martin Scorsese as that of \"a masterful filmmaker\", is characterized by slightest movement, slightest change in distance, long takes, and complex yet carefully composed scenes; his cinematic method, as a result, is often described as \"sweeping\" and \"hypnotic.\"In 1998 his film Eternity and a Day went on to win the prestigious Palme d'Or at the 51st edition of the Cannes Film Festival, and his films have been shown at many of the world's most esteemed film festivals.", "Q96123": "Dieter Kosslick (born 30 May 1948) is a German film critic, journalist and researcher. He was the 4th director of the Berlin International Film Festival (Berlinale) until 2019. He has held this post since 1 May 2001 when he took over from Moritz de Hadeln.", "Q6403": "Lake Geneva (French: lac L\u00e9man [lak lem\u0251\u0303] or le L\u00e9man [l\u0259 lem\u0251\u0303], rarely lac de Gen\u00e8ve [lak d\u0259 \u0292(\u0259)n\u025bv]; German: Genfersee [\u02c8\u0261\u025bnf\u0259r\u02ccze\u02d0]) is a lake on the north side of the Alps, shared between Switzerland and France. It is one of the largest lakes in Western Europe and the largest on the course of the Rh\u00f4ne. Of it 59.53% (345.31 km2 or 133.32 sq mi) comes under the jurisdiction of Switzerland (cantons of Vaud, Geneva, and Valais), and 40.47% (234.71 km2 or 90.62 sq mi) under France (department of Haute-Savoie).", "Q182806": "N\u00e4fels is a former municipality in the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Effective from 1 January 2011, N\u00e4fels is part of the municipality of Glarus Nord.", "Q235812": "Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Cecilie Auguste Marie; 20 September 1886 \u2013 6 May 1954) was the last German Crown Princess and Crown Princess of Prussia as the wife of German Crown Prince Wilhelm, the son of German Emperor Wilhelm II.\nCecilie was a daughter of Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia. She was brought up with simplicity and her early life was peripatetic, spending summers in Mecklenburg and the rest of the year in the south of France. After the death of her father, she traveled every summer between 1898 and 1904 to her mother's native Russia. On 6 June 1905, she married German Crown Prince Wilhelm. The couple had four sons and two daughters. Cecile, tall and statuesque, became popular in Germany for her sense of style. However, her husband was a womanizer and the marriage was unhappy.\nAfter the fall of the German monarchy, at the end of World War I, Cecile and her husband lived mostly apart. During the Weimar Republic and the Nazi period, Cecilie lived a private life mainly at Cecilienhof Palace in Potsdam. With the advance of the Soviet troops, she left the Cecilienhof in February 1945, never to return. She settled in Bad Kissingen until 1952 when she moved to an apartment in the Frauenkopf district of Stuttgart. In 1952, she published a book of memoirs. She died two years later.", "Q314176": "Tan Dun (simplified Chinese: \u8c2d\u76fe; traditional Chinese: \u8b5a\u76fe; pinyin: T\u00e1n D\u00f9n, Mandarin pronunciation: [t\u02b0\u01cen tu\u032f\u0259\u0302n]; born 18 August 1957) is a Chinese contemporary classical composer, pianist, viola d'amore player and conductor, most widely known for his scores for the movies Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Hero, as well as composing music for the medal ceremonies at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. His works often incorporate audiovisual elements; use instruments constructed from organic materials, such as paper, water, and stone; and are often inspired by traditional Chinese theatrical and ritual performance. In 2013, he was named a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador. He has won numerous awards for his works, including an Academy Award, a Grammy Award and a BAFTA award.", "Q352123": "Gary Earl Johnson (born January 1, 1953) is an American businessman, author, and politician who served as the 29th governor of New Mexico from 1995 to 2003 as a member of the Republican Party. He was the Libertarian Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 and 2016 elections. He was also the Libertarian nominee for U.S. Senate in the 2018 New Mexico senate election.Johnson founded one of New Mexico's largest construction companies. He entered politics for the first time by running for Governor of New Mexico in 1994 on a low-tax, anti-crime platform, promising a 'common sense business approach'. He defeated incumbent Democratic governor Bruce King by 50% to 40%. He cut the 10% annual growth in the budget, in part due to his use of the gubernatorial veto 200 times during his first six months.Johnson sought reelection in 1998, winning by 55% to 45%. In his second term, he concentrated on the issue of school voucher reforms as well as campaigning for cannabis decriminalization. During his tenure as governor, Johnson adhered to an anti-tax policy, setting state and national records for the number of times he used his veto power: more than the other 49 contemporary governors put together. Term-limited, Johnson retired from front-line politics in 2003.\nJohnson ran for president in 2012, initially as a Republican on a libertarian platform emphasizing the United States public debt and a balanced budget, protection of civil liberties, military non-interventionism, replacement of income tax with the FairTax, and opposition to the War on Drugs. In December 2011, he withdrew his candidacy for the Republican nomination and stood for the Libertarian nomination instead, winning the nomination in May 2012. Johnson received 1.3 million votes (1%), more than all other minor candidates combined.Johnson ran again for President in 2016, once again winning the Libertarian nomination and naming former Republican Governor of Massachusetts Bill Weld as his running mate. Johnson received nearly 4.5 million votes (3.27% of the total vote), which is the most for a third party presidential candidate since 1996 and the highest national vote share for a Libertarian candidate in history. After the 2016 presidential election, Johnson said he would not run for president again. He ran for the U.S. Senate in the 2018 New Mexico senate race against incumbent Democratic senator Martin Heinrich, coming third with 15.38% of the statewide vote (107,201 votes).", "Q210462": "Christina Rene Hendricks (born May 3, 1975) is an American actress and former model. Her accolades include six Primetime Emmy Award nominations, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and two Critics' Choice Awards for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. A 2010 poll of female readers taken by Esquire magazine named her \"the sexiest woman in the world,\" and voted as Best Looking Woman in America the same year.Born in Tennessee, Hendricks was raised in Portland, Oregon and Twin Falls, Idaho, where she became active in local theater. After completing high school in Virginia, Hendricks relocated to New York City and pursued a career as a model following her entry into a Seventeen cover contest. She continued to work internationally as a model for over a decade before transitioning into acting.\nHendricks had recurring roles in several television series, including Beggars and Choosers (2001\u20132002) and Kevin Hill (2004\u20132005) before being cast as Joan Holloway on the AMC period drama series Mad Men in 2007, of which she remained a main cast member until the series' conclusion in 2015. She received critical acclaim for her role on the series, including six Emmy Award nominations and multiple Screen Actors Guild Awards for Best Ensemble. While starring on Mad Men, Hendricks also began appearing in films, receiving critical notice for her performance in Nicolas Winding Refn's thriller Drive (2011), Sally Potter's drama Ginger & Rosa (2012), and Ryan Gosling's neo-noir fantasy Lost River (2014).\nFollowing the conclusion of Mad Men, Hendricks starred in the comedy series Another Period from 2015 to 2016, and in the SundanceTV drama series Hap and Leonard (2016). She reunited with Refn for a supporting role in his thriller film The Neon Demon (2016), followed by roles in the comedy Fist Fight (2017), the horror film The Strangers: Prey at Night (2018), and the animated comedy Toy Story 4 (2019). She returned to television with starring roles on the crime drama series Tin Star (2017\u2013present) and on the NBC comedy-crime series Good Girls (2018\u2013present).", "Q55624444": "NCT 127 is the second sub-unit and Seoul-based unit of the South Korean boy group NCT. The unit debuted on July 7, 2016, with their first extended play NCT #127, featuring seven members: Taeyong, Taeil, Yuta, Jaehyun, Winwin, Mark, and Haechan. Johnny and Doyoung later joined in December 2016, followed by Jungwoo in September 2018.\nTheir name is a combination of the acronym for Neo Culture Technology which is their meaning for their unlimited members, and the number 127, which represents the longitudinal coordinate of Seoul.\n\n", "Q531185": "Morgan Daniel Nicholls (born 18 March 1971) is an English musician, member of Senseless Things and best known for performing with Muse, Gorillaz, The Streets and Lily Allen. He released one solo album under the mononym Morgan.", "Q3873357": "Nature Sounds is a record label based in Brooklyn, New York, specializing in hip hop and reggae music. The label is independently owned and operated. It was founded by Devin Horwitz in 2003.", "Q809093": "Barry Allen Sadler (November 1, 1940 \u2013 November 5, 1989) was an American soldier, singer/songwriter, and author. Sadler served as a Green Beret medic, achieving the rank of Staff Sergeant. He served in the Vietnam War from late December 1964 to late May 1965. Most of his work has a military theme, and he is best known for his patriotic \"Ballad of the Green Berets,\" a #1 hit in 1966.\n\n", "Q67864": "Campo is a municipality in the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q521396": "The Angelic Upstarts are an English punk rock band formed in South Shields in 1977. AllMusic calls them \"one of the period's most politically charged and thought-provoking groups\". The band espoused an anti-fascist and socialist working class philosophy, and have been associated with the skinhead subculture.\nThe band released eight studio albums in their first decade. After a brief split they reformed in 1988, and a number of times subsequently, with new albums appearing in 1992, 2002, 2011, and 2016. More than two decades after its release, their debut single, \"The Murder Of Liddle Towers\", was included in Mojo magazine's list of the best punk rock singles of all time.", "Q124019": "Otto Fricke (born 21 November 1965 in Krefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German politician and member of FDP in the Bundestag from 2002 till 2013 and since 2017.", "Q69849": "Adrian Friedrich Wilhelm Julius Ludwig von Verdy du Vernois (19 July 1832 \u2013 30 September 1910), often given the short name of Verdy, was a German general and staff officer, chiefly noted both for his military writings and his service on Helmuth von Moltke the Elder's staff during the Franco-Prussian War.", "Q13595311": "Joel Coen (born November 29, 1954) and Ethan Coen (born September 21, 1957), collectively referred to as the Coen brothers (), are American filmmakers. Their films span many genres and styles, which they frequently subvert or parody. Their most acclaimed works include Miller's Crossing (1990), Barton Fink (1991), Fargo (1996), The Big Lebowski (1998), O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), No Country for Old Men (2007), Burn After Reading (2008), True Grit (2010), Inside Llewyn Davis (2013), and The Ballad of Buster Scruggs (2018).\nThe brothers write, direct and produce their films jointly, although until The Ladykillers (2004) Joel received sole credit for directing and Ethan for producing. They often alternate top billing for their screenplays while sharing editing credits under the alias Roderick Jaynes. They have been nominated for 13 Academy Awards together, and individually for one award each, winning Best Original Screenplay for Fargo and Best Picture, Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay for No Country for Old Men. The duo also won the Palme d'Or for Barton Fink (1991).\nThe Coens have written a number of films they did not direct, including the biographical war drama Unbroken (2014), the historical legal thriller Bridge of Spies (2015), and lesser-known, commercially unsuccessful comedies such as Crimewave (1985), The Naked Man (1998) and Gambit (2012). Ethan is also a writer of short stories, theater and poetry.\nKnown for many distinctive stylistic trademarks including genre hybridity, the brothers' films No Country for Old Men, A Serious Man and Inside Llewyn Davis have been ranked in the BBC's 2016 poll of the greatest motion pictures since 2000.", "Q216013": "Christian Gottfried K\u00f6rner (2 July 1756, Leipzig \u2013 13 May 1831, Berlin) was a German jurist. His home was a literary and musical salon, and he was a friend of Friedrich Schiller.", "Q16045": "J\u00fclich (German pronunciation: [\u02c8jy\u02d0l\u026a\u00e7]; in old spellings also known as Guelich or G\u00fclich, Dutch: Gulik, French: Juliers) is a town in the district of D\u00fcren, in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. As a border region between the competing powers in the Lower Rhine and Meuse areas, the town and the Duchy of J\u00fclich played a historic role from the Middle Ages up to the 17th century.", "Q76969": "Dieter Wisliceny (13 January 1911 \u2013 4 May 1948) was a member of the Schutzstaffel (SS), and a key executioner in the final phase of the Holocaust.\n\n", "Q431807": "Barbara Joan Estelle Amiel, Baroness Black of Crossharbour DSS (born 4 December 1940) is a British conservative journalist, writer, and socialite. She is the wife of former media baron Conrad Black.", "Q87006": "Kurt Gruber (21 October 1904 in Syrau, Vogtland \u2013 24 December 1943 in Dresden) was a Nazi politician and from 1926 to 1931 the first chairman of the Hitler Youth (Hitler-Jugend or HJ).", "Q930148": "Luis L\u00f3pez Tosar (born 13 October 1971) is a Spanish actor and musician. He is one of the most recognizable and versatile actors in Spain, best known for the movies Cell 211 (Celda 211), Take My Eyes (Te doy mis ojos), Sleep Tight (Mientras duermes), Even the Rain (Tambi\u00e9n la lluvia) and Mondays in the Sun (Los lunes al sol). He has a music group called \"Di Elas\".", "Q1665033": "The Institute of World Economy and International Relations (Russian: \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439), or IMEMO, is a leading independent research institute based in Moscow, Russia.\nFounded in 1956 as a successor to the earlier Institute of World Economy and Politics (1925\u20131948), the institute is a non-profit organization acting within the Charter of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It publishes the academic journal World Economy and International Relations.\nIMEMO is the organizer of the international summit \"Primakov Readings\".", "Q205721": "Roberta Joan \"Joni\" Mitchell (n\u00e9e Anderson; born November 7, 1943) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. Drawing from folk, pop, rock, and jazz, Mitchell's songs often reflect social and environmental ideals as well as her feelings about romance, confusion, disillusionment, and joy. She has received many accolades, including nine Grammy Awards and induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997. Rolling Stone called her \"one of the greatest songwriters ever\", and AllMusic has stated, \"When the dust settles, Joni Mitchell may stand as the most important and influential female recording artist of the late 20th century\".Mitchell began singing in small nightclubs in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and throughout western Canada, before busking in the streets and nightclubs of Toronto, Ontario. In 1965, she moved to the United States and began touring. Some of her original songs (\"Urge for Going\", \"Chelsea Morning\", \"Both Sides, Now\", \"The Circle Game\") were covered by other folk singers, allowing her to sign with Reprise Records and record her debut album, Song to a Seagull, in 1968. Settling in Southern California, Mitchell, with popular songs like \"Big Yellow Taxi\" and \"Woodstock\", helped define an era and a generation. Her 1971 album Blue is often cited as one of the best albums of all time; it was rated the 30th best album ever made in Rolling Stone's list of the \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\". In 2000, The New York Times chose Blue as one of the 25 albums that represented \"turning points and pinnacles in 20th-century popular music\". In 2017, NPR ranked Blue number 1 on a list of Greatest Albums Made By Women. Mitchell's fifth album, For the Roses, was released in 1972. She then switched labels and began exploring more jazz-influenced melodic ideas, by way of lush pop textures, on 1974's Court and Spark, which featured the radio hits \"Help Me\" and \"Free Man in Paris\" and became her best-selling album.\nAround 1975, Mitchell's vocal range began to shift from mezzo-soprano to more of a wide-ranging contralto. Her distinctive piano and open-tuned guitar compositions also grew more harmonically and rhythmically complex as she explored jazz, melding it with influences of rock and roll, R&B, classical music and non-western beats. In the late 1970s, she began working closely with noted jazz musicians, among them Jaco Pastorius, Wayne Shorter, Herbie Hancock, Pat Metheny, as well as Charles Mingus, who asked her to collaborate on his final recordings. She later turned again toward pop, embraced electronic music, and engaged in political protest. In 2002, she was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 44th Annual Grammy Awards.Mitchell is the sole producer credited on most of her albums, including all her work in the 1970s. A blunt critic of the music industry, she quit touring and released her 17th, and reportedly last, album of original songs in 2007. With roots in visual art, Mitchell has designed most of her own album covers. She describes herself as a \"painter derailed by circumstance\".", "Q88335": "Beatrix Karl (born 10 December 1967) is an Austrian academic and politician. A former member of the National Council, she served as Minister for Science and Research (2010\u20132011) and as Minister of Justice (2011\u20132013) in the first Faymann government.", "Q347260": "All Together (French: Et si on vivait tous ensemble?, literally \"And If We All Lived Together?\"), is a 2011 French-German comedy film written and directed by St\u00e9phane Robelin, and starring Jane Fonda and Geraldine Chaplin as participants of an alternate living experiment, that is observed by a graduate student played by Daniel Br\u00fchl. The film marks Fonda's first French-speaking role since starring in Jean-Luc Godard's film Tout Va Bien (1972).Filming took place over two months in Paris in summer 2010. The film premiered on the closing night of the Locarno International Film Festival on 13 August 2011. It was released on DVD on March 19, 2013.", "Q1506510": "The Norwegian Military Academy (Krigsskolen), in Oslo, educates officers of the Norwegian Army and serves as the King's Royal Guard. The academy was established in 1750, and is the oldest institution for higher education in Norway. The current commandant is Colonel Erlend Bekkestad.", "Q7735": "Diving is the sport of jumping or falling into water from a platform or springboard, usually while performing acrobatics. Diving is an internationally recognized sport that is part of the Olympic Games. In addition, unstructured and non-competitive diving is a recreational pastime.\nCompetitors possess many of the same characteristics as gymnasts and dancers, including strength, flexibility, kinaesthetic judgment and air awareness. Some professional divers were originally gymnasts or dancers as both the sports have similar characteristics to diving. Dmitri Sautin holds the record for most Olympic diving medals won, by winning eight medals in total between 1992 and 2008.", "Q80769": "Seldon Connor (January 25, 1839 \u2013 July 9, 1917) was an American soldier, banker, and politician who was the 35th Governor of the U.S. state of Maine.", "Q1771734": "Shahram Nazeri (Persian: \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u06cc Kurdish: \u0634\u06d5\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u200e; Kurdish pronunciation: [\u0283\u00e6h\u02c8\u027e\u0252\u02d0m n\u0252\u02d0z\u025b\u02c8\u027ei\u02d0]; Kurdish: \u015aehram Nazir\u00ee; also Romanized as Shahr\u0101m N\u0101zeri; born 18 February 1950) is a contemporary Iranian tenor from Kermanshah who sings classical music. He has been accompanied by some of the masters of Iranian traditional music such as Jalil Shahnaz, Hossein Alizadeh, Jalal Zolfonoun and Faramarz Payvar. He has also worked with his son Hafez Nazeri, a composer.\nBorn in a Kurdish family, he was the first musician to include Rumi's poetry within Persian music, thus establishing a tradition of Sufi music within both Persian classical music and Kurdish music.The Christian Science Monitor has called him \"Iran's Pavarotti\". Most recently he was awarded with Chevalier des Arts et Lettres medal from the government of France for his lifetime achievements in Iranian traditional music. Also Asia Society has awarded him by Lifetime Cultural Heritage Award.Shahram Nazeri has been established as a significant artist in Iran since the 1970s. His first albums which were in the form of mutual albums with Mohammad-Reza Shajarian, were published by the Chavoush institute by the end of the late the 1970s. The content of these albums were filled with liberalism and patriotic ideas.\nNazeri has released over forty recordings to date; His \"The One Hundred Leaf Flower\" (Gol'eh Sad Barg) recording has held the record for the highest selling album of Persian classical music and Sufi music in history. His musical talents were first nurtured by his mother at a very young age. Throughout his childhood, he was under the tutelage of the most renowned masters of Persian music including Abdollah Davami, Nourali Boroumand, and Mahmood Karimi. At eleven, he performed on the national Iranian television live for the first time. By age 29, he had gained a loyal fan base. He has continued to perform in Iran and abroad over the course of the last two decades. He has performed at major venues worldwide, including The festival of Avignon, The\u00e2tre de la Ville in Paris, The Tokyo Summer festival, The Kodak Theatre (Oscar ceremony) in Los Angeles, and the Royal Albert Hall, the Festa del Popolo in Italy, The Beiteddine Festival in Lebanon, the K\u00f6lner Philharmonic in Germany, Asia Society, World Music Instituted and Brooklyn Academy of Music BAM in New York, the Roma Europa Festival in Rome, S\u00e3o Paulo Music Festival in Brazil and Fes Festival of World Sacred Music in Morocco and many others.From early on, Nazeri began to sing and compose music to the works of Mawlana Jalal ad-Din Rumi, Iran's most cherished Sufi poet. Nazeri was also pioneering in assimilating contemporary Persian poetry into the classical repertoire. His progressive approach to music has led to collaborative new projects with his son, composer and singer Hafez Nazeri. In year 2000 they performed Hafez's new composition in Iran which has held the record for the most highly attended concert 140.000 in entire Middle East. In 2005/06 Nazeri along with his son's new Rumi ensemble launched \"In the Path of Rumi,\" a highly successful North American tour which performed record-breaking sold-out concerts, to rave reviews. The venues, included Los Angeles' Kodak theater (12/11/05), \u2013 the most highly attended Persian classical music concert outside of Iran.", "Q514305": "Suelette Dreyfus is a technology researcher, journalist, and writer. Her fields of research include information systems, digital security and privacy, the impact of technology on whistleblowing, health informatics and e-Education. Her work examines digital whistleblowing as a form of freedom of expression and the right of dissent from corruption. She is a researcher and lecturer in the Department of Computing and Information Systems at the University of Melbourne, as well as the Principal Researcher on an international research project on the impact of digital technologies on whistleblowing.", "Q203350": "Freshlyground is a South African Afro-fusion band that formed in Cape Town in 2002. The band members have different backgrounds, including South Africa, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe. Freshlyground's musical style blends elements of traditional South African music (such as kwela and African folk music), blues, jazz, and features of indie rock. They are best known for their performance \"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)\" with Colombian singer Shakira, which received worldwide recognition. The music video - featuring the group - also received over 2.30 billion views on YouTube.", "Q1279835": "The School of Visual Arts New York City (SVA NYC) is a for-profit art and design college in Manhattan, New York. It was founded in 1947, and is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design.", "Q1965416": "Diana Sergeyevna Arbenina (n\u00e9e Kulachenko, Belarusian: \u0414\u044b\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u044f\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u045e\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0447\u044d\u043d\u043a\u0430; Russian: \u0414\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0431\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430, born July 8, 1974) is a Russian singer, musician, poet, and leader of the rock group Nochnye Snaipery. \nArbenina is one of a few Russian rock artists who write and perform both in Russian and in English. Arbenina is a recipient of the \u201cTriumph\u201d Literature Prize and is also an official Russian ambassador for Gibson and the World Wildlife Fund.\n\n", "Q439283": "Andrew James Alexander Mango (14 June 1926 \u2013 6 July 2014) was a British author who was born in Turkey as one of three sons of a prosperous Anglo-Russian family. He was the brother of the distinguished Oxford historian and Byzantinist Professor Cyril Mango. Mango's early years were passed in Istanbul; in the mid-1940s, he left for Ankara and obtained a job as a press officer in the British Embassy. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1947 and lived in London until his death. He held degrees from the University of London, including a doctorate on Persian literature. He joined the BBC's Turkish section while still a student and, spent his entire career in the External Services, rising to be Turkish Programme Organiser and then Head of the South European Service. He retired in 1986. Mango died at the age of 88 on 6 July 2014. His death was announced by Richard Moore, the British Ambassador to Turkey.", "Q65083": "Tschlin is a former municipality in the district of Inn in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in the extreme east of Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the municipalities of Ramosch and Tschlin merged to form the new municipality of Valsot.", "Q484702": "Josse De Pauw (born 15 March 1952) is a versatile Belgian actor, film director, dramatist, author and columnist. He was married to modern dance performer Fumio Ikeda for over thirty years.", "Q107830": "Carola Bluhm (formerly Carola Freundl; born 16 November 1962) is a German politician (Die Linke). Since 1991 she has been a member of the Berlin House of Representatives. In 2009 she became a member of the Senate of Berlin in which, between 16 October 2009 and 2011, she served as senator for Integration, Work and Social Affairs in the Red\u2013red coalition administration of Klaus Wowereit.Carola Freundl was her married name. However, following the break up of her marriage she announced in 2005 that she was reverting to her maiden name.", "Q360807": "Don Franklin (born December 14, 1960) is an American actor, best known for his roles in seaQuest DSV as Commander Jonathan Ford, Seven Days as Captain Craig Donovan, and as one of The Young Riders (Noah Dixon).", "Q1344": "Opera is a form of theatre in which music has a leading role and the parts are taken by singers, but is distinct from musical theater. Such a \"work\" (the literal translation of the Italian word \"opera\") is typically a collaboration between a composer and a librettist and incorporates a number of the performing arts, such as acting, scenery, costume, and sometimes dance or ballet. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble, which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor.\nOpera is a key part of the Western classical music tradition. Originally understood as an entirely sung piece, in contrast to a play with songs, opera has come to include numerous genres, including some that include spoken dialogue such as musical theater, Singspiel and Op\u00e9ra comique. In traditional number opera, singers employ two styles of singing: recitative, a speech-inflected style, and self-contained arias. The 19th century saw the rise of the continuous music drama.\nOpera originated in Italy at the end of the 16th century (with Jacopo Peri's mostly lost Dafne, produced in Florence in 1598) and soon spread through the rest of Europe: Heinrich Sch\u00fctz in Germany, Jean-Baptiste Lully in France, and Henry Purcell in England all helped to establish their national traditions in the 17th century. In the 18th century, Italian opera continued to dominate most of Europe (except France), attracting foreign composers such as George Frideric Handel. Opera seria was the most prestigious form of Italian opera, until Christoph Willibald Gluck reacted against its artificiality with his \"reform\" operas in the 1760s. The most renowned figure of late 18th-century opera is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who began with opera seria but is most famous for his Italian comic operas, especially The Marriage of Figaro (Le nozze di Figaro), Don Giovanni, and Cos\u00ec fan tutte, as well as Die Entf\u00fchrung aus dem Serail (The Abduction from the Seraglio), and The Magic Flute (Die Zauberfl\u00f6te), landmarks in the German tradition.\nThe first third of the 19th century saw the high point of the bel canto style, with Gioachino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti and Vincenzo Bellini all creating works that are still performed. It also saw the advent of Grand Opera typified by the works of Auber and Meyerbeer. The mid-to-late 19th century was a golden age of opera, led and dominated by Giuseppe Verdi in Italy and Richard Wagner in Germany. The popularity of opera continued through the verismo era in Italy and contemporary French opera through to Giacomo Puccini and Richard Strauss in the early 20th century. During the 19th century, parallel operatic traditions emerged in central and eastern Europe, particularly in Russia and Bohemia. The 20th century saw many experiments with modern styles, such as atonality and serialism (Arnold Schoenberg and Alban Berg), Neoclassicism (Igor Stravinsky), and Minimalism (Philip Glass and John Adams). With the rise of recording technology, singers such as Enrico Caruso and Maria Callas became known to much wider audiences that went beyond the circle of opera fans. Since the invention of radio and television, operas were also performed on (and written for) these media. Beginning in 2006, a number of major opera houses began to present live high-definition video transmissions of their performances in cinemas all over the world. Since 2009, complete performances can be downloaded and are live streamed.", "Q1542352": "Upper Canada College (UCC) in Toronto, Ontario is a private school for boys between Senior Kindergarten and Grade Twelve, operating under the International Baccalaureate program. The secondary school segment is divided into ten houses; eight are for day students and the remaining two are for boarding students. Aside from the main structure, with its dominant clock tower, the Toronto campus has a number of sports facilities, staff and faculty residences, and buildings for other purposes. UCC also owns and operates a campus in Norval, Ontario, for outdoor education.\nUCC was founded in 1829 by Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada Sir John Colborne, based upon Elizabeth College, Guernsey. It is the oldest independent school in the province of Ontario, the third oldest in Canada, and is widely described as the country's most prestigious preparatory school, having many of Canada's most powerful and wealthy as graduates. Modelled on the British public schools, UCC, throughout the first part of its history, both had an influence on and was influenced by provincial government. After facing closure by the government on more than one occasion, UCC became fully independent in 1900, nine years after moving to its present location. A major crisis befell UCC when, in 1959, the main structure at Deer Park was condemned and funds had to be quickly raised to build the Upper School that exists today. Through the 1960s and '70s, campus culture changed: the cadet corps was disbanded, the curriculum shifted from classical to liberal arts, and the student population became more culturally diverse. The college struggled between 1998 and 2004 with allegations of sexual abuse of students by teachers during the 1970s and '80s, as well as a related class-action lawsuit; one former teacher was convicted. Beginning in 2002, UCC made environmentalism a core component of students' education, put focus on the issue of boys' education, and, since 2007, has aimed to improve the student body's socioeconomic mix.\nA number of extracurricular sports, arts, and community service programs are run at UCC, some by students, such as the World Affairs Conference. The operation of the school is overseen by a board of governors and the college engages in fundraising for construction projects, to augment its endowment, and to fund scholarships. A link to the Canadian Royal Family is maintained through Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, as the official Visitor.", "Q122440": "Boris Banga (born 9 August 1949) is a Swiss politician and longtime mayor of Grenchen (1991\u20132013). Banga is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland.", "Q551881": "Taras Voznyak (born May 11, 1957 in the village of Svarychiv, Rozhnyativ rayon, Stanislav (currently Ivano-Frankivsk) oblast) \u2013 Ukrainian culture expert, political scientist, editor-in-chief and founder of Independent Cultural Journal \"\u0407\", director of the Lviv National Art Gallery.", "Q49569": "Mamiko Noto (\u80fd\u767b \u9ebb\u7f8e\u5b50, Noto Mamiko, born February 6, 1980) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer working under Office Osawa.", "Q11037464": "Josefina Castellv\u00ed Piulachs (born in Barcelona, 1 July 1935) is a Spanish oceanographer, biologist and writer. Castellvi Peak on Hurd Peninsula, on Livingston Island in Antarctica is named in her honour. In 1984 she was the first Spaniard to participate in an international expedition to Antarctica. She received her bachelor's degree in 1957 and a PhD in biological sciences at the University of Barcelona in 1969. In 1960 she started working for the Institute of Marine Sciences. In addition, she conducted research at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and was a delegate in Catalonia for two years (1984-1986).\nStarting in 1984, she participated in the Organization of Research in Antarctica and assisted with the installation of the Juan Carlos I Antarctic Base on Livingston Island, of which she was the lead oceanographer from 1989 to 1997, replacing Antoni Ballester. From 1989 to 1995 she directed Madrid's National Program of Antarctic Research, and later, from 1994 to 1995, she directed the Institute of Marine Sciences.\nShe has been awarded, among other prizes like the Gold Medal of the Generalitat of Catalonia in 1994, the Creu de Sant Jordi Award in 2003, the IEC Environment Prize in 2006 and the CONCA National Award in 2013.\n\n", "Q113845": "Ludwig Erdwin Seyler (15 May 1758 \u2013 26 October 1836; often known as L.E. Seyler) was a Hamburg banker, merchant and politician. He was by marriage a member of the Hanseatic Berenberg banking dynasty, and was a partner in the Hamburg firm Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co. (Berenberg Bank) for 48 years (1788\u20131836), for 46 years as the company's senior partner. The \"Co.\" part of the company name refers to him. Seyler was one of the first merchants and bankers from modern Germany to establish trade relations with the United States and East Asia. He served as a member of the government of Hamburg during the Napoleonic Wars and later as the President of the Commercial Deputation, one of the city-state's main political bodies, and as a member of the Hamburg Parliament. Ludwig Seyler was a son of the Swiss-born theatre director Abel Seyler and a son-in-law of the bankers Johann Hinrich Gossler and Elisabeth Berenberg through his marriage to their eldest daughter Anna Henriette Gossler.", "Q737570": "Jeff Noon (born 1957 in Droylsden, Lancashire, England) is a novelist, short story writer and playwright whose works make use of word play and fantasy. Noon's speculative fiction books have ties to the works of writers such as Lewis Carroll and Jorge Luis Borges. Prior to his relocation in 2000 to Brighton, Noon set most of his stories in some version of his native city of Manchester.", "Q973065": "Victor Argo (November 5, 1934 \u2013 April 7, 2004) was an American actor of Puerto Rican descent who usually played the part of a tough bad guy in his movies. He had a career span of forty years.", "Q112583": "Alfred Perl\u00e8s (1897\u20131990) was an Austrian writer (in later life a British citizen), who was most famous for his associations with Henry Miller, Lawrence Durrell, and Ana\u00efs Nin.", "Q2895": "The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR, or Byelorussian SSR; Belarusian: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0430\u0446\u044b\u044f\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0420\u044d\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430, romanized: Bie\u0142aruskaja Savieckaja Sacyjalisty\u010dnaja Respublika; Russian: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, romanized: Belorusskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika or Russian: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0421\u0420, romanized: Belorusskaya SSR), also commonly referred to in English as Byelorussia, was a federal unit of the Soviet Union (USSR). It existed between 1920 and 1922, and from 1922 to 1991 as one of fifteen constituent republics of the USSR, with its own legislation from 1990 to 1991. The republic was ruled by the Communist Party of Byelorussia and was also referred to as Soviet Byelorussia by a number of historians.To the west it bordered Poland. Within the Soviet Union, it bordered the Lithuanian SSR and the Latvian SSR to the north, the Russian SFSR to the east, and the Ukrainian SSR to the south.\nThe Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia (SSRB) was declared by the Bolsheviks on 1 January 1919 following the declaration of independence by the Belarusian Democratic Republic in March 1918. In 1922, the BSSR was one of the four founding members of the Soviet Union, together with the Ukrainian SSR, the Transcaucasian SFSR, and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). Byelorussia was one of several Soviet republics occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II.\nTowards the final years of the Soviet Union's existence, the Supreme Soviet of Byelorussian SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty on 27 July 1990. On 15 August 1991, Stanisla\u016d \u0160u\u0161kievi\u010d was elected as the country's first head of state. Ten days later on 25 August 1991, Byelorussian SSR declared its independence and renamed to the Republic of Belarus. The Soviet Union was dissolved four months and one day later on 26 December 1991.", "Q11702": "John Andrew Boehner ( BAY-n\u0259r; born November 17, 1949) is an American politician who served as the 53rd speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 2011 to 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he was the U.S. Representative for Ohio's 8th congressional district from 1991 to 2015. The district included several rural and suburban areas near Cincinnati and Dayton.\nBoehner previously served as the House Minority Leader from 2007 until 2011, and House Majority Leader from 2006 until 2007. Boehner resigned from the House of Representatives in October 2015 due to opposition from within the Republican caucus.\nIn September 2016, Squire Patton Boggs, the third largest lobbying firm in the U.S., announced that Boehner would join their firm. It was also announced that Boehner would become a board member of Reynolds American, the second biggest tobacco firm in the U.S., for an estimated annual salary of $400,000.", "Q69861": "Dotzigen is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q231484": "Roberta Cleopatra Flack (born February 10, 1937) is an American singer. She is known for her No. 1 singles \"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face\", \"Killing Me Softly with His Song\", \"Feel Like Makin' Love\"; and \"Where Is the Love\" and \"The Closer I Get to You\", two of her many duets with Donny Hathaway.\nFlack is the only solo artist to win the Grammy Award for Record of the Year on two consecutive years: \"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face\" won at the 1973 Grammys and \"Killing Me Softly with His Song\" won at the 1974 Grammys.", "Q186490": "A Walk with Love and Death is a 1969 DeLuxe Color romantic drama film directed by John Huston and starring Anjelica Huston, Assi Dayan, Anthony Higgins, and John Huston.", "Q50038": "Gen Urobuchi (Japanese: \u865a\u6df5 \u7384, Hepburn: Urobuchi Gen, born December 20, 1972) is a Japanese novelist, visual novel writer and anime screenwriter. He is best known for being the co-creator of the highly acclaimed and commercially successful anime series Madoka Magica, which earned him the Tokyo Anime Award for Best Scriptwriter. Some of his other popular works include the 2003 visual novel Saya no Uta, the 2012 anime Psycho-Pass, the light novel and anime Fate/Zero, and the 2013\u20132014 tokusatsu show Kamen Rider Gaim. He currently works at Nitroplus and Nitro+chiral.\nNicknamed Urobutcher by his fans, Urobuchi's works often contain dark and nihilistic themes, tragic plot twists, and heavy usage of gore. Anime written by Urobuchi that have won the Newtype Anime Award have been Puella Magi Madoka Magica in 2011, Fate/Zero in 2012 and Psycho-Pass: The Movie in 2015.", "Q105941": "Myrna Loy (born Myrna Adele Williams; August 2, 1905 \u2013 December 14, 1993) was an American film, television and stage actress. Trained as a dancer, Loy devoted herself fully to an acting career following a few minor roles in silent films. She was originally typecast in exotic roles, often as a vamp or a woman of Asian descent, but her career prospects improved greatly following her portrayal of Nora Charles in The Thin Man (1934).Born in Helena, Montana, Loy was raised in rural Radersburg during her early childhood, before relocating to Los Angeles with her mother in her early adolescence. There, she began studying dance, and trained extensively throughout her high school education. She was discovered by production designer Natacha Rambova, who helped facilitate film auditions for her, and she began obtaining small roles in the late 1920s, mainly portraying vamps. Her role in The Thin Man helped elevate her reputation as a versatile actress, and she reprised the role of Nora Charles five more times.\nLoy's career began to slow in the 1940s, and she appeared in only a few films in the 1950s, including a lead role in the comedy Cheaper by the Dozen (1950), as well as supporting parts in The Ambassador's Daughter (1956) and the drama Lonelyhearts (1958). She appeared in only eight films between 1960 and 1981, after which she retired from acting.\nAlthough Loy was never nominated for an Academy Award, in March 1991 she received an Honorary Academy Award in recognition of her life's work both onscreen and off, including serving as assistant to the director of military and naval welfare for the Red Cross during World War II, and a member-at-large of the U.S. Commission to UNESCO. Loy died in December 1993 in New York City, aged 88.", "Q452344": "Christa Campbell (born December 7, 1972) is an American actress and producer. Campbell is best known for her roles in 2001 Maniacs, Mozart and the Whale, Lonely Hearts, The Wicker Man, Cleaner, Day of the Dead, Lies & Illusions, The Mechanic, Drive Angry, Straight A's, The Big Wedding, and The Iceman.\nIn 2011 Campbell partnered up with producer Lati Grobman to form Campbell-Grobman Films, which has produced numerous films such as Texas Chainsaw 3D, Straight A's, and The Iceman.", "Q201221": "Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen (also Aleksandr Ivanovi\u010d Gercen; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0446\u0435\u043d; April 6 [O.S. 25 March] 1812 \u2013 January 21 [O.S. 9 January] 1870) was a Russian writer and thinker known as the \"father of Russian socialism\" and one of the main fathers of agrarian populism (being an ideological ancestor of the Narodniki, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Trudoviks and the agrarian American Populist Party). With his writings, many composed while exiled in London, he attempted to influence the situation in Russia, contributing to a political climate that led to the emancipation of the serfs in 1861. He published the important social novel Who is to Blame? (1845\u201346). His autobiography, My Past and Thoughts (written 1852\u20131870), is often considered one of the best examples of that genre in Russian literature.", "Q738125": "\u00c9ric Werner (born 1940) is a Swiss philosopher, journalist and essayist.", "Q164373": "Thaksin Shinawatra (Thai: \u0e17\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e34\u0e13 \u0e0a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23; RTGS: Thaksin Chinnawat; pronounced [t\u02b0\u00e1k.s\u01d0n t\u0361\u0255\u02b0\u012bn.n\u0101.w\u00e1t]; Montenegrin: Taksin \u0160inavatra; born 26 July 1949) is a Thai businessman, politician and visiting professor. He served in the Thai Police from 1973 to 1987, and was the Prime Minister of Thailand from 2001 to 2006. After being ousted from power, he was found guilty of corruption in 2008 and is now living in self-exile.Thaksin founded the mobile phone operator Advanced Info Service and the IT and telecommunications conglomerate Shin Corporation in 1987, ultimately making him one of the richest people in Thailand. He founded the Thai Rak Thai Party (TRT) in 1998 and, after a landslide electoral victory, became prime minister in 2001. He was the first democratically elected prime minister of Thailand to serve a full term and was re-elected in 2005 by an overwhelming majority.\nThaksin declared a \"war on drugs\" in which more than 2,500 people were killed. Thaksin's government launched programs to reduce poverty, expand infrastructure, promote small and medium-sized enterprises, and extend universal healthcare coverage. Thaksin took a strong-arm approach against the separatist insurgency in the Muslim southern provinces.\nAfter selling shares of his corporation for more than a billion tax-free dollars to foreign investors, considerable criticism resulted. A citizens' movement against Thaksin, called People's Alliance for Democracy or \"Yellow Shirts\", launched mass protests, accusing him of corruption, abuse of power, and autocratic tendencies. Thaksin called snap elections that were boycotted by the opposition and invalidated by the Constitutional Court.\nThaksin was overthrown in a military coup on 19 September 2006. His party was outlawed and he was barred from political activity. Thaksin has since lived in self-imposed exile except for a brief visit to Thailand in 2008. He was sentenced in absentia to two years in jail for abuse of power. From abroad he has continued to influence Thai politics, through the People's Power Party that ruled in 2008, and its successor organisation Pheu Thai Party, as well as the United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship or \"Red Shirt\" movement. His younger sister Yingluck Shinawatra was the prime minister of Thailand from 2011 to 2014.", "Q85177": "Margaretha \"Greta\" Keller (February 8, 1903 \u2013 November 11, 1977) was an American cabaret singer and actress.", "Q314638": "Andrew Michael Edgar Seeley (born April 30, 1982) is a Canadian-American actor, singer and dancer. He has recorded many songs for the Walt Disney Company. He danced as a child in Ontario until he was about preteen age and then moved to Florida. Seeley is married to actress/comedian Amy Paffrath. The couple has one child, who was born in 2019.", "Q1353762": "George Warren McCrae, Jr. (born October 19, 1944) is an American soul and disco singer, most famous for his 1974 hit \"Rock Your Baby\".", "Q116083": "Louis Favre (26 January 1826 \u2013 19 July 1879) was a Swiss engineer who is remembered for building the Gotthard Rail Tunnel between 1872 and his death in the tunnel in 1879.", "Q470683": "Rajko Miti\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0420\u0430\u0458\u043a\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u045b, pronounced [r\u01ce\u02d0jko m\u01d0\u02d0tit\u0255]; 19 November 1922 \u2013 29 March 2008) was a Serbian footballer, coach, executive and journalist.\nMiti\u0107 is considered one of the most important players in the history of Red Star Belgrade as he is the first out of only five players to have been awarded the Zvezdina zvezda.\nIn December 2014, Red Star Stadium, the principal stadium in Serbia, was officially renamed after him.", "Q4682076": "Adelphi University is a private university in Garden City, New York. Adelphi also has centers in Manhattan, Hudson Valley, and Suffolk County. It is the oldest institution of higher education in suburban Long Island. It currently has a population of 8,146 students (undergraduate and graduate students.)", "Q1422": "Juventus Football Club (from Latin: iuvent\u016bs, \"youth\"; Italian pronunciation: [ju\u02c8v\u025bntus]), colloquially known as Juve (pronounced [\u02c8ju\u02d0ve]), is an Italian professional association football club based in Turin, Piedmont. Founded in 1897 by a group of Torinese students, the club has worn a black and white striped home kit since 1903 and has played home matches in different grounds around its city, the latest being the 41,507-capacity Juventus Stadium. Nicknamed Vecchia Signora (\"the Old Lady\"), the club has won 35 official league titles, 13 Coppa Italia titles and eight Supercoppa Italiana titles, being the record holder for all these competitions; two Intercontinental Cups, two European Cups / UEFA Champions Leagues, one European Cup Winners' Cup, a joint national record of three UEFA Cups, two UEFA Super Cups and a joint national record of one UEFA Intertoto Cup. Consequently, the side leads the historical Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio (FIGC) ranking whilst on the international stage occupies the 5th position in Europe and the eleventh in the world for most confederation titles won with eleven trophies, having led the UEFA ranking during seven seasons since its inception in 1979, the most for an Italian team and joint second overall.\nFounded with the name of Sport-Club Juventus, initially as an athletics club, it is the second oldest of its kind still active in the country after Genoa's football section (1893) and has competed uninterruptedly in the top flight league (reformulated as Serie A from 1929) since its debut in 1900 after changing its name to Foot-Ball Club Juventus, with the exception of the 2006\u201307 season, being managed by the industrial Agnelli family almost continuously since 1923. The relationship between the club and that dynasty is the oldest and longest in national sports, making Juventus one of the first professional sporting clubs ante litteram in the country, having established itself as a major force in the national stage since the 1930s and at confederation level since the mid-1970s and becoming one of the first ten wealthiest in world football in terms of value, revenue and profit since the mid-1990s, being listed on the Borsa italiana since 2001.Under the management of Giovanni Trapattoni, the club won 13 trophies in the ten years before 1986, including six league titles and five international titles, and became the first to win all three seasonal competitions organised by the Union of European Football Associations: the 1976\u201377 UEFA Cup (first Southern European side to do so), the 1983\u201384 Cup Winners' Cup and the 1984\u201385 European Champions' Cup. With successive triumphs in the 1984 European Super Cup and 1985 Intercontinental Cup, it became the first and thus far only in the world to complete a clean sweep of all confederation trophies; an achievement that they revalidated with the title won in the 1999 UEFA Intertoto Cup after another successful era led by Marcello Lippi, becoming in addition the only professional Italian club to have won every ongoing honour available to the first team and organised by a national or international football association. In December 2000, Juventus was ranked seventh in the FIFA's historic ranking of the best clubs in the world and nine years later was ranked second best club in Europe during the 20th Century based on a statistical study series by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS), the highest for an Italian club in both.The club's fan base is the largest at national level and one of the largest worldwide. Unlike most European sporting supporters' groups, which are often concentrated around their own club's city of origin, it is widespread throughout the whole country and the Italian diaspora, making Juventus a symbol of anticampanilismo (\"anti-parochialism\") and italianit\u00e0 (\"Italianness\"). Juventus players have won eight Ballon d'Or awards, four of these in consecutive years (1982\u20131985, an overall record), among these the first player representing Serie A, Omar S\u00edvori, as well as Michel Platini and three of the five recipients with Italian nationality as the former member of the youth sector Paolo Rossi; they have also won four FIFA World Player of the Year awards, with winners as Roberto Baggio and Zin\u00e9dine Zidane, a national record and third and joint second highest overall, respectively, in the cited prizes. Additionally, players representing the club have won 11 Serie A Footballer of the Year awards including the only goalkeeper to win it, Gianluigi Buffon, and 17 different players were inducted in the Serie A Team of the Year, being both also a record. Finally, the club has also provided the most players to the Italy national team\u2014mostly in official competitions in almost uninterrupted way since 1924\u2014who often formed the group that led the Azzurri squad to international success, most importantly in the 1934, 1982 and 2006 FIFA World Cups.", "Q3806086": "Jader Fontenelle Barbalho (born 27 October 1944) is a Brazilian politician, businessman and landowner from the state of Par\u00e1. He is currently a member of the PMDB party and a Senator for Par\u00e1. He is the father of H\u00e9lder Barbalho, mayor of Ananindeua, Par\u00e1, and the former husband of Federal Deputy Elcione Barbalho.\nBarbalho is a national figure, known throughout Brazil, albeit a controversial one. There have been raised numerous allegations of corruption and mismanagement of public funds against Barbalho, who owns newspaper Di\u00e1rio do Par\u00e1 and is part owner of a local TV station (TV Tapaj\u00f3s) of the leading Globo Television network. Starting a political career in Bel\u00e9m with humble possessions, Barbalho became a millionaire after decades in public office. He has held the offices of Federal Deputy over four terms, State Governor twice, Senator thrice and Minister twice.\nIn 2000, Barbalho was the President of the PMDB party and Senator when a wave of corruption allegations against him took national headlines, involving embezzlement of public funds at the Superintend\u00eancia de Desenvolvimento da Amaz\u00f4nia (SUDAM - Superintendence for Amazon's Development) development agency and the Instituto Nacional de Coloniza\u00e7\u00e3o e Reforma Agr\u00e1ria (INCRA - National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform). Barbalho was forced to resign the office, later briefly arrested, and the SUDAM was closed. However, he was subsequently elected Federal Deputy in 2002 and 2006 and Senator in 2010.", "Q129273": "Victor Leemans (21 July 1901 \u2013 3 March 1971) was a Belgian (Flemish) sociologist, politician and a prominent ideologist of the radical Flemish movement in the 1930s. He was a member of the militant organisation Verdinaso, and is seen by some as the main Flemish exponent of the historical phenomenon known as the Conservative Revolution.\nLeemans was born at Stekene. He obtained his doctorate from the Ecole des Hautes \u00c9tudes Sociales in Paris, and lectured at the Catholic University of Leuven. In 1936, he was named president of the Arbeidsorde, a Flemish Fascist trade union closely tied to the Flemish National Union (VNV) and Rex-Vlaanderen.\nDuring the German occupation he was Secretary-General of Economical Affairs, and as such was prosecuted after the war for collaboration.\nHe was acquitted in 1947, and pursued a political career in the Christian-democratic Christian Social Party (PSC-CVP). He was appointed provincial senator for Antwerp in 1949, and served as President of the European Parliament from 1965 to 1966. He died in Leuven in 1971.", "Q460490": "Mempo Giardinelli (born August 2, 1947) is an Argentine novelist and academic, author of numerous books, including novels, essay collections, and short story collections.\n\n", "Q43044": "Demi Gene Guynes (born November 11, 1962), professionally known as Demi Moore ( d\u0259-MEE), is an American actress and film producer. After making her film debut in 1981, she appeared on the soap opera General Hospital and subsequently gained recognition as a member of the Brat Pack with roles in Blame It on Rio (1984), St. Elmo's Fire (1985), and About Last Night... (1986). Her starring role in Ghost (1990), the highest-grossing film of that year, earned her a Golden Globe nomination. She had further box-office success in the early 1990s, with the films A Few Good Men (1992), Indecent Proposal (1993), and Disclosure (1994). \nShe portrayed Claire Donnelly in the drama film If These Walls Could Talk (1996), for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and a Primetime Emmy Award.\nIn 1996, Moore became the highest-paid actress in film history when she received an unprecedented $12.5 million salary to star in Striptease. She voiced the role of Esmeralda in The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996) and The Hunchback of Notre Dame II (2002). Her next major role, G.I. Jane (1997), for which she shaved her head, was followed by a lengthy hiatus. She achieved further success in the following decades with the films Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003), Bobby (2006), Mr. Brooks (2007), Margin Call (2011), and Rough Night (2017). In 2019, Moore released a memoir titled Inside Out, which instantly became a New York Times Best Seller.\nMoore has been married three times, to the musician Freddy Moore and the actors Bruce Willis and Ashton Kutcher. She has three children with Willis.", "Q97573": "Marion Walsmann (n\u00e9e Schau, born 17 March 1963) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2019.\n\n", "Q369823": "Mary Coughlan (born 5 May 1956) is an Irish singer and actress.", "Q1174371": "David Charles Evans, Baron Evans of Watford (born 30 November 1942) is a British publisher, entrepreneur and philanthropist. As a Member of the House of Lords, he sits as a Labour peer and also holds chairmanships that span across printing, business consultancy, charity and healthcare.", "Q668060": "Jacob Franquart (1582/83 \u2013 6 January 1651 (buried)) was a Flemish painter, court architect, and an outstanding copper plate engraver. His name has also been spelled Francquart, Franckaert, Francquaert, Jacques Franquart, Francuart.\nFranquart was born in Antwerp or Brussels. In 1620 he designed the Temple des Augustins which stood on Place de Broukere in Brussels from its completion in 1642 to its demolition in 1893. The facade of the building now forms part of the Church of the Holy Trinity on Parvis de la Trinite in Brussels.\nFranquart was also famous for his outstanding illustrations that show the 1621 funeral procession of Albrecht Habsburg (table no. 61). The work was published in Brussels but being seen more as one of the eminent works of the golden age of the Antwerp copperplate engraving. The majority of the text was written by the Belgian writer and historian Erycius Puteanus (Venlo, 1574 \u2013 Leuven 1646), published earlier in a book titled Phoenix Principum... (Louvain, 1622). The engraving contains a hatching table of heraldic tinctures which is the earliest hatching system in heraldry after Zangrius. According to some authors it also gave inspiration for the later hatching system of de la Colombi\u00e8re.\nHis tiny hatching table is presented on the copperplate engraving No. 47 of his work titled Pompa funebris Alberti Pii Austriaci. The outstanding engravings of the book present the 1621 funeral procession by means of 64 tables. There are to be seen more than 700 different persons with the banner of their countries. The engraving of the funeral procession is almost 1 m long.\nFranquart taught his niece Anna Francisca de Bruyns to paint. He died and was buried in Brussels.", "Q171018": "Zl\u00edn (Czech pronunciation: [zli\u02d0n]; German: Zlin) is a city in southeastern Moravia in the Czech Republic, the seat of the Zl\u00edn Region, on the D\u0159evnice river. The development of the modern city is closely connected to the Bata Shoes company and its social scheme, developed after the First World War. From 1949 to 1990, the city was renamed Gottwaldov.", "Q743597": "Eduardo R\u00f3zsa-Flores (31 March 1960 \u2013 16 April 2009) was a Bolivian-Hungarian-Croatian journalist, actor, mercenary, and alleged secret agent. Born in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, he was known in Hungary as R\u00f3zsa-Flores Eduardo or R\u00f3zsa Gy\u00f6rgy Eduardo. His wartime nickname in the Croatian War of Independence was \"Chico\".", "Q205047": "The Kurdistan Region (KRI; Kurdish: \u0647\u06d5\u0631\u06ce\u0645\u06cc \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 ,Her\u00eama Kurdistan\u00ea\u200e, Arabic: \u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200e) is an autonomous region in the northern parts of Iraq comprising the four Kurdish-majority populated governorates of Dohuk, Erbil, Halabja and Sulaymaniyah and borders Iran, Syria and Turkey. The Kurdistan Region encompasses most of Iraqi Kurdistan but excludes Kurdish areas which Iraq has been preventing the Kurds from governing since Kurdish autonomy was realized in 1992 with the first Kurdish elections in the aftermath of the Gulf War. The Kurdistan Region Parliament is situated in Erbil, which is the largest Kurdish city in Iraq, but the Kurdish constitution declares the disputed city of Kirkuk to be the capital of Kurdistan. When the Iraqi Army withdrew from most parts of the disputed areas in mid-2014 because of the ISIL offensive in Northern Iraq, Kurdish Peshmerga entered the areas and held control there until October 2017.The Kurds in Iraq oscillatingly fought for either autonomy or independence throughout the 20th century and experienced Arabization and genocide at the hands of Iraq. However, the American-led no fly zone from March 1991 on over most of Iraqi Kurdistan gave the Kurds a chance to experiment with self-governance and the autonomous region was de facto established. However, Iraq only recognized the autonomy of Kurdistan after the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003 with a new Iraqi constitution in 2005. A non-binding independence referendum was held in September 2017 which created mixed reactions internationally.", "Q318016": "Twilight's Last Gleaming is a 1977 thriller film directed by Robert Aldrich and starring Burt Lancaster and Richard Widmark. The film was a West German/American co-production, shot mainly at the Bavaria studios.\nLoosely based on a 1971 novel, Viper Three by Walter Wager, it tells the story of Lawrence Dell, a renegade USAF general who escapes from a military prison and takes over an ICBM silo in Montana, threatening to launch the missiles and start World War III unless the President reveals a top secret document to the American people about the Vietnam War.\nA split screen technique is used at several points in the movie to give the audience insight into the simultaneously occurring strands of the storyline. The film's title, which functions on several levels, is taken from \"The Star-Spangled Banner\", the national anthem of the United States:\n\nO say can you see, by the dawn's early light, / What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?", "Q1436": "Pertinax (; Latin: Publius Helvius Pertinax Augustus; 1 August 126 \u2013 28 March 193) was a Roman soldier and politician who was Roman Emperor for the first three months of 193. He succeeded Commodus to become the first emperor during the tumultuous Year of the Five Emperors.\nBorn the son of a freed slave, Pertinax became an officer in the army. He fought in the Roman\u2013Parthian War of 161\u2013166, where his success led him to be promoted to higher-ranking positions in both the military and political spheres. He achieved the rank of provincial governor and urban prefect. He was a member of the Roman Senate, serving at the same time as the historian Cassius Dio.\nFollowing the death of Commodus, Pertinax was acclaimed emperor. He attempted to institute several reform measures, although the short length of his time as emperor prevented the success of those attempts. One of those reforms, the restoration of discipline among the Praetorian Guard, led to conflict that eventually culminated in Pertinax's assassination by the Guard. Pertinax would be deified by the emperor Septimius Severus. His historical reputation has largely been a positive one, in line with the assessment of Dio.", "Q427917": "Jack Endino (born 1964) is an American producer and musician based in Seattle, United States. Long associated with Seattle label Sub Pop and the grunge movement, Endino worked on seminal albums from bands including Mudhoney, Soundgarden and Nirvana. Endino was also the guitarist for the Seattle band Skin Yard, which was active between 1985 and 1992. Endino currently manages a studio in Seattle called Soundhouse Recording.", "Q438837": "For the woodcarver and gilder, see William H. Fry.\nWilliam Henry Fry (August 10, 1813 \u2013 December 21, 1864) was a pioneering American composer, music critic, and journalist. Fry was the first person born in the United States to write for a large symphony orchestra, and the first to compose a publicly performed opera. He was also the first music critic for a major American newspaper, and he was the first person to insist that his fellow countrymen support American-made music.", "Q863276": "William Wright (May 21, 1918, or 1932 \u2013 October 28, 1991) was a jump blues singer from the U.S. He is considered one of Little Richard's greatest influences in his formative years.\n\n", "Q232827": "Estelle Gettleman (n\u00e9e Scher; July 25, 1923 \u2013 July 22, 2008), known professionally as Estelle Getty, was an American actress and comedian. She was known for her portrayal of the sarcastic and quick-witted senior citizen Sophia Petrillo on The Golden Girls (1985 \u2013 1992), a role she reprised for appearances on Empty Nest (1993 \u2013 1995), The Golden Palace (1992 \u2013 1993), Blossom (1990\u20131995), and Nurses (1991 \u2013 1994). Other notable films in which she appeared include Mask (1985), a semi-biographical film in which she played the grandmother of Roy L. Dennis, and Stuart Little (1999). She retired from acting in the early 2000s, due to issues with her health.", "Q106284": "Sebastian Bleisch (born 10 June 1957), real name Norbert Bleisch, is a German writer and film director of gay pornographic movies which feature in part underage actors.\n\n", "Q7047": "Bad Kreuznach (German pronunciation: [ba\u02d0t \u02c8k\u0281\u0254\u028ftsnax]) is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a spa town most well known for its medieval bridge dating from around 1300, the Alte Nahebr\u00fccke, which is one of the few remaining bridges in the world with buildings on it.The town is located in the Nahe river wine region, renowned both nationally and internationally for its wines, especially from the Riesling, Silvaner and M\u00fcller-Thurgau grape varieties.\nBad Kreuznach does not lie within any Verbandsgemeinde, even though it is the seat of the Bad Kreuznach (Verbandsgemeinde). The town is the seat of several courts as well as federal and state authorities. Bad Kreuznach is also officially a gro\u00dfe kreisangeh\u00f6rige Stadt (\"large town belonging to a district\"), meaning that it does not have the district-level powers that kreisfreie St\u00e4dte (\"district-free towns/cities\") enjoy. It is, nonetheless, the district seat, and also the seat of the state chamber of commerce for Rhineland-Palatinate. It is classed as a middle centre with some functions of an upper centre, making it the administrative, cultural and economic hub of a region with more than 150,000 inhabitants.\n\n", "Q97567": "J\u00fcrgen Banzer (born 17 April 1955, in W\u00fcrzburg) is a German politician. He is a representative of the German Christian Democratic Union and minister for work, family and health in the administration of Roland Koch in Hesse. \nAfter visiting Holzhausenschule in Frankfurt and Bischof-Neumann-Schule in K\u00f6nigstein, J\u00fcrgen Banzer studied law at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main and catholic theology at the Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology. \nJ\u00fcrgen Banzer acted from 1991 to 2005 as Landrat in the Hochtaunuskreis. 2005 he became Justice minister in Hesse. 2008 he was Minister of Justice as well as Education minister. 2009 he took over responsibility for work family and health.", "Q1008912": "Montecito (Spanish for \"little mount\") is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Santa Barbara County, California, located east of the City of Santa Barbara. The population was 8,965 at the 2010 census.\nMontecito occupies the eastern portion of the coastal plain south of the Santa Ynez Mountains. Parts of the community are built on the lower foothills of the range. Montecito, however, does not include areas such as Coast Village Road, which are usually considered part of Montecito but are actually within the city limits of Santa Barbara. Notable roads spanning Montecito include East Valley Road, Mountain Drive, and Sycamore Canyon Road, all of which form part of State Route 192. In addition, the U.S. 101 Freeway runs along the south end of town, connecting it with other cities in Santa Barbara County and the rest of Southern California.", "Q63380": "Edgar Julius Jung (6 March 1894 \u2013 1 July 1934) was a German lawyer born in Ludwigshafen, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.\nJung was a leader of the conservative revolutionary movement in Germany which stood not only in opposition to the Weimar Republic, whose parliamentarian system he considered decadent and foreign-imposed, but also to the mass movement of Nazism. He was killed by the Gestapo in the 1934 Night of the Long Knives purge. \nAt the onset of World War I, Jung voluntarily joined the imperial armies and reached the rank of lieutenant. After the war, he participated in the suppression of the Bavarian Soviet Republic in the spring of 1919 and in the resistance against the French occupation of the Palatinate, during which he participated in the assassination of Franz Josef Heinz. Expelled by the French authorities, Jung moved to Munich, where in 1925 opened a law firm and dampened his political activism slightly.\nLike Carl Schmitt, Jung believed the breakdown of liberal parliamentarism to be inevitable as the instability of Weimar Germany was unfolding before his eyes. Jung regarded Weimar Germany as teetering on the brink of revolutionary turmoil with the very real prospect of a \"Red Revolution\" sponsored by the Soviet Union or a \"Brown Revolution\" by the Nazis.\nAfter the formation of the \"government of national concentration\" under the leadership of Adolf Hitler on 30 January 1933, Jung became a political consultant and speechwriter for the vice-chancellor of the coalition cabinet, Franz von Papen.\nIn 1934, Jung wrote the Marburg speech that was delivered on 17 June by Papen at the University of Marburg. The speech articulated the conservative establishment's criticism of the violence of Nazism. The text sought to reassert the Christian foundation of the state and the need to avoid agitation and propaganda: \"It is time\", the speech declared \"to join together in fraternal friendship and respect for all our fellow countrymen, to avoid disturbing the labours of serious men and to silence fanatics\". The speech was banned from being printed in the press, and Hitler personally ordered the arrest of Jung and his transfer to Gestapo headquarters, Berlin.Jung was murdered by the SS during the Night of the Long Knives, being shot in the cellar at Gestapo headquarters. His body was found dumped in a ditch near the town of Oranienburg near Berlin on 1 July.The Rule of the Inferiour: Its Disintegration and Removal Through a New Reich is his major political treatise which was originally published in 1930 as Die Herrschaft der Minderwertigen, ihr Zerfall und ihre Abl\u00f6sung durch ein neues Reich (\"Inferiour\" is an obsolete spelling of \"Inferior\"). The translator, Alexander Jacob, produced the first and only English edition in 1995 with a large introduction and notes, sold in two volumes; the first volume being 428 pages and the second 396 pages.\nIn Sinndeutung der deutschen Revolution (1933), written less than year before he was murdered by the Nazis, Jung declared that \"violence is an element of life\" and that \"a nation that has become incapable of employing violence must be suspected of biological decline.\"", "Q617878": "Gijsbert (Bert) Bos (born 1963) is a computer scientist known for the development of Argo, a web browser he developed as test application for his style sheet proposal.\n\n", "Q157975": "The Edukators (German: Die fetten Jahre sind vorbei) is a 2004 crime drama film directed by Austrian director Hans Weingartner. A co-production between German and Austria, it stars Daniel Br\u00fchl, Stipe Erceg and Julia Jentsch as three young, anti-capitalist Berlin activists involved in a love triangle. The friends, calling themselves \"the Edukators\", invade upper-class houses, rearrange the furniture, and leave notes identifying themselves. Weingartner, a former activist, wrote the film based on his experiences and chose to use nonviolent characters. The film, shot in Berlin and Austria with digital hand-held cameras, was made on a low budget which Weingartner said kept the focus on the acting.\nFirst shown at the Cannes Film Festival on 17 May 2004 and released in its home countries later that year, The Edukators was praised by critics and audiences. It grossed more than $8 million worldwide and received a number of awards and nominations. It did, however, receive criticism mainly for its political statements and also for its long running time. Nonetheless, it has become a cult film part of a \"German New Wave\", and it has inspired real-life actions and a 2013 stage adaptation in Brazil.", "Q120525": "Josy Gyr-Steiner (10 October 1949 \u2013 18 April 2007) was a Swiss politician from the Canton of Schwyz and member of the Swiss National Council (2003\u20132007).\nIn 2003, Gyr was elected to the National Council on the list of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SPS/PSS). She was on the Council's Control Committee and on the Committee for Public Buildings.\nSuffering from pancreatic cancer, Gyr resigned on 10 April 2007, and died a few days later.", "Q93701": "The Man from Earth is a 2007 American drama science fiction film written by Jerome Bixby and directed by Richard Schenkman. It stars David Lee Smith as John Oldman, the protagonist. The screenplay was conceived by Jerome Bixby in 1946 and completed on his deathbed in April 1998. \nThe screenplay mirrors similar concepts of longevity Bixby introduced in Requiem for Methuselah, a Star Trek episode he wrote that aired in 1969. The film gained recognition in part for being widely distributed through Internet peer-to-peer networks, which raised its profile. The film was later adapted by Schenkman into a stage play of the same name.\nThe plot focuses on John Oldman, a departing university professor, who claims to be a Cro-Magnon (or Magdalenian caveman) who has secretly survived for more than 14,000 years. The entire film is set in and around Oldman's house during his farewell party and is composed almost entirely of dialogue. The plot advances through intellectual arguments between Oldman and his fellow faculty members.", "Q635367": "Christopher John Wilson (1956 \u2013 16 January 2019) was an Australian blues musician who sang and played harmonica, saxophone and guitar. He performed as part of the Sole Twisters, Harem Scarem and Paul Kelly and the Coloured Girls, and fronted his band Crown of Thorns. Wilson's solo albums are Landlocked (June 1992), The Long Weekend (March 1998), Spiderman (2000), King for a Day (July 2002), Flying Fish (2012) and the self titled Chris Wilson (2018).\nIn March 1996, Wilson collaborated with Johnny Diesel in a blues project, Wilson Diesel, which issued an album, Short Cool Ones, composed mostly of \"soul and R&B standards\". It peaked at No. 18 on the ARIA Albums Chart. Outside of his music career Wilson taught English at various secondary schools in Melbourne for about 20 years.\nOn 24 July 2018, Wilson's management announced that he had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and was unlikely to perform again. A fundraising concert at the Corner Hotel was announced and quickly sold out. Fellow musician and friend Suzannah Espie set up a GoFundMe page which raised over AU$100,000 in just a few days before ceasing to accept further donations.", "Q3127622": "Harold Vincent Mackintosh, 1st Viscount Mackintosh of Halifax LL.D (8 June 1891 \u2013 27 December 1964) was a British businessman, public servant and benefactor.", "Q282882": "Maurice Schumann (10 April 1911, Paris \u2013 9 February 1998, Paris) was a French politician, journalist, writer, and hero of the Second World War who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs under Georges Pompidou from 22 June 1969 to 15 March 1973. Schumann was a member of the Christian democratic Popular Republican Movement.\nThe son of an Alsatian Jewish father and Roman Catholic mother, he studied at the Lyc\u00e9e Janson-de-Sailly and the Lyc\u00e9e Henri-IV. He converted to his mother's faith in 1937. He once said of France's fate when suffering the Allied bombing raids, \u2018\u2026.and now we are reduced to the most atrocious fate: to be killed without killing back, to be killed by friends without being able to kill our enemies\u2019. During the Second World War he broadcast news reports and commentaries into France on the BBC French Service some 1,000 times in programs such as Honneur et Patrie. He was called by some the \"voice of France\".During a meeting of the foreign ministers of the European Community in 1969, he stated France's conditions for Britain joining the community on its third application, i.e. questions of agricultural finance had to be settled first. Schumann died on 9 February 1998 in Paris, aged 86.", "Q767435": "Jean Clair (French: [kl\u025b\u0281]) is the nom de plume (pen name) of G\u00e9rard R\u00e9gnier (born 20 October 1940 in Paris, France). Clair is an essayist, a polemicist, an art historian, an art conservator, and a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise since May, 2008. He was, for many years, the director of the Picasso Museum in Paris. Among the milestones of his long and productive career is a comprehensive catalog of the works of Balthus. He was also the director of the Venice Biennale in 1995.", "Q1128368": "Consuela Lee Moorehead (November 1, 1927 - December 26, 2009) was an American jazz pianist, composer, arranger, music theory professor, and the founder of the Springtree/Snow Hill Institute for the Performing Arts. She fought to establish an arts school in rural Alabama, Moribund Academy. She is sometimes known as Consuela Lee or Consuela Lee Morehead.\n\n", "Q61597": "Erika Julia Hedwig Mann (9 November 1905 \u2013 27 August 1969) was a German actress and writer. She was the eldest daughter of the novelist Thomas Mann and his wife Katia.\nIn 1924, Erika Mann moved to Berlin where she lived a bohemian lifestyle and became a critic of National Socialism. She acted in, and wrote for, an anti-Nazi cabaret in Berlin and, after Hitler came to power in 1933, Mann moved to Switzerland. In 1935 she married the poet W. H. Auden, purely to ensure she could obtain a British passport and not become stateless when the Nazi regime cancelled her German citizenship. She remained active in liberal causes and continued to attack Nazism in her writings, most notably with her 1938 book School for Barbarians which was a critique of the Nazi education system.During World War Two, Mann worked for the BBC, broadcasting in German from London, before becoming a war correspondent attached to the Allied forces advancing across Europe after D-Day. As a correspondent, she attended the Nuremberg trials before moving to America to support her parents who were living in exile there. From the States, Mann continued to write and lecture, often criticising political developments in Europe and American foreign policy. This led to her being investigated by the American authorities who considered deporting her.\nAfter her parents moved to Switzerland in 1952, she also settled there. She wrote a biography of her father and died in Zurich in 1969.", "Q3379094": "Philip Lee Wadler (born April 8, 1956) is an American computer scientist known for his contributions to programming language design and type theory. In particular, he has contributed to the theory behind functional programming and the use of monads in functional programming, the design of the purely functional language Haskell, and the XQuery declarative query language. In 1984, he created the Orwell programming language. Wadler was involved in adding generic types to Java 5.0. He is also author of the paper Theorems for free! that gave rise to much research on functional language optimization (see also Parametricity).", "Q95370": "Hermann H\u00f6pker-Aschoff (31 January 1883 \u2013 15 January 1954) was a German politician, finance minister, a member of Parlamentarischer Rat and a jurist. He was the first President of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.\nH\u00f6pker-Aschoff studied law and economics in Jena, Munich and Bonn. He taught monetary theory and finance as professor at the University of Bonn.\n\n", "Q71784": "Richard Vogt (19 December 1894 - January 1979) was a military German aircraft designer who was known for his original airframes, including the asymmetrical BV 141 during World War II. After the war, he moved to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip, where he worked on American military aircraft design.\n\n", "Q60851": "Alfred Hellmuth Andersch (4 February 1914 \u2013 21 February 1980) was a German writer, publisher, and radio editor. The son of a conservative East Prussian army officer, he was born in Munich, Germany and died in Berzona, Ticino, Switzerland. Martin Andersch, his brother, was also a writer.", "Q1137248": "The Democratic Constitutional Rally or Democratic Constitutional Assembly (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u200e at-Tajammu\u2018 ad-Dust\u016br\u012b ad-D\u012bmuqr\u0101\u1e6d\u012b, French: Rassemblement Constitutionnel D\u00e9mocratique, sometimes also called Constitutional Democratic Rally in English), also referred to by its French initials RCD, formerly called Neo Destour then Socialist Destourian Party, was the ruling party in Tunisia from independence in 1956 until it was overthrown and dissolved in the Tunisian revolution in 2011.", "Q433962": "Lynn Chen (Chinese: \u9673\u51cc; pinyin: ch\u00e9n l\u00edng; born December 24) is a Taiwanese American actress and singer. She is best known for playing Vivian Shing in the film Saving Face, a role for which she won the \"Outstanding Newcomer Award\" at the 2006 Asian Excellence Awards. She writes the popular food blog The Actor's Diet. Chen was named a 2013 \"New Change Agent\" by Marie Claire.", "Q92379": "Renate Riemeck (4 October 1920 \u2013 12 May 2003) was a German historian and energetic Christian peace activist who became known as former foster parent of the famous activist Ulrike Meinhof.\nAs a young woman, she joined the \"Christian Community\" (Christengemeinschaft), an anthroposophical denomination founded by a group of evangelical theologians in Switzerland in 1922 and which was banned in Germany in 1941. After the war, she was among the millions who relocated away from the center and east of Germany, moving to Oldenburg, where she worked in teacher training, herself authoring one of the first democratic school text books of the period. In 1946, she joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In 1960, she was among the founders of the German Peace Union (DFU).\nIn the early 1940s, while living at Jena, Riemeck befriended the newly widowed Dr Ingeborg Meinhof, moving in with the Meinhof family as a lodger. After the war, with Jena in the Soviet occupation zone, the Meinhofs moved with her to Oldenburg where, following Ingeborg Meinhof\u2019s death from cancer in 1949, Riemeck formally became guardian to her friend\u2019s two orphaned children, one of whom, Ulrike Meinhof, would subsequently gain notoriety as a leading member of the Red Army Faction.", "Q164401": "Simon Newcomb (March 12, 1835 \u2013 July 11, 1909) was a Canadian\u2013American astronomer, applied mathematician and autodidactic polymath, who was Professor of Mathematics in the United States Navy and at Johns Hopkins University.Though he had little conventional schooling, he made important contributions to timekeeping as well as other fields in applied mathematics such as economics and statistics in addition to writing a science fiction novel.", "Q708794": "Tokutomi Soh\u014d (\u5fb3\u5bcc \u8607\u5cf0, 14 March 1863 \u2013 2 November 1957) was the pen name of a journalist and historian active from late Meiji period through mid-Sh\u014dwa period Japan. His birth name was Tokutomi Iichir\u014d. He was the older brother of noted author Tokutomi Roka.", "Q1667630": "Steven Geray (born Istv\u00e1n Gyergyay, 10 November 1904 \u2013 26 December 1973) was a Hungarian-born American film actor who appeared in over 100 films and dozens of television programs. Geray appeared in Spellbound (1945), Gilda (1946), In a Lonely Place (1950), All About Eve (1950), Call Me Madam (1953) and To Catch a Thief (1955).", "Q113851": "Heinz Adolf J\u00f6rn Wunderlich (born 16 January 1960 in Gladbeck) is a German politician for the Die Linke (The Left).\nHe studied jurisprudence in Berlin and G\u00f6ttingen. Since 2005 he is a member of the Bundestag.", "Q208211": "Dead Kennedys are an American punk rock band that formed in San Francisco, California, in 1978. The band was one of the defining hardcore punk bands during its initial eight-year run.Dead Kennedys' lyrics were usually political in nature, satirizing establishment political figures (liberal and conservative) and authority in general, as well as popular culture and even the punk movement itself. During their initial incarnation between 1978 and 1986, they attracted considerable controversy for their provocative lyrics and artwork. Several stores refused to stock their recordings, provoking debate about censorship in rock music; in the mid-1980s, vocalist and primary lyricist Jello Biafra became an active campaigner against the Parents Music Resource Center. This culminated in an obscenity trial between 1985 and 1986, which resulted in a hung jury.\nThe group released a total of four studio albums and one EP before disbanding in 1986. Following the band's dissolution, Biafra continued to collaborate and record with other artists including D.O.A., NoMeansNo and his own bands Lard and the Guantanamo School of Medicine, as well as releasing several spoken word performances.\nIn 2000 (upheld on appeal in 2003), Biafra lost an acrimonious legal case initiated by his former Dead Kennedys band mates over songwriting credits and unpaid royalties. In 2001, the band reformed without Biafra; various singers have since been recruited for vocal duties.", "Q728444": "Ola Borten Moe (born 6 June 1976) is a Norwegian politician and Member of Parliament (MP) for the Centre Party. He served as Minister of Petroleum and Energy from 2011 to 2013.", "Q1378295": "Nathaniel Gorham (May 27, 1738 \u2013 June 11, 1796), his first name is sometimes spelled Nathanial) was a politician and merchant from Massachusetts. He was a delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress, and for six months served as the presiding officer of that body. He also attended the Constitutional Convention and was one of the signers of the United States Constitution on September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Q898": "Omsk (; Russian: \u041e\u043c\u0441\u043a, IPA: [omsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Omsk Oblast, Russia, located in southwestern Siberia 2,236 kilometers (1,389 mi) from Moscow. With a population of 1,154,116, it is Russia's third-largest city east of the Ural Mountains after Novosibirsk and Yekaterinburg, and seventh by size nationally. Omsk acts as an essential transport node, serving as a train station for Trans-Siberian Railway and as a staging post for the Irtysh River.\nDuring the Imperial era, Omsk used to be the seat of the Governor General of Western Siberia and, later, of the Governor General of the Steppes. For a brief period during the Russian Civil War in 1918\u20131920, it served as the capital of the anti-Bolshevik Russian State and held the imperial gold reserves.\nOmsk serves as the episcopal see of the bishop of Omsk and Tara, as well as the administrative seat of the Imam of Siberia. The mayor is \nOksana Fadina.", "Q211998": "Allan \"Rocky\" Lane (September 22, 1909 \u2013 October 27, 1973) was an American studio leading man and the star of many cowboy B-movies in the 1940s and 1950s. He appeared in more than 125 films and TV shows in a career lasting from 1929 to 1966. He is best known for his portrayal of Red Ryder and for being the voice of the talking horse on the television series Mister Ed, beginning in 1961.", "Q69875": "Ulrich von T\u00fcrheim (c. 1195 \u2013 c. 1250) was a German writer from the Augsburg area writing during the first half of the 13th century. Three of his works have survived: a conclusion to the version of the Tristan legend left unfinished by Gottfried von Strassburg; Rennewart, a continuation of Willehalm, left unfinished by Wolfram von Eschenbach; and fragments of a version of Clig\u00e8s based on that of Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes. It is not known whether this last work was a separate work or also a continuation, in this case of a now lost Clig\u00e8s by Konrad Fleck. The relative chronology of these works is disputed, though Rennewart is generally regarded as the last.", "Q94708": "Darrin Kenneth O'Brien (born October 30, 1969), known by his stage name Snow, is a Canadian singer, musician, and actor. His 1992 single \"Informer\" spent seven weeks at No. 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100.", "Q77493": "Max Reimann (31 October 1898 \u2013 18 January 1977) was a German communist Politician and member of the German Bundestag.", "Q3547": "Franciszek Karpi\u0144ski (4 October 1741 \u2013 16 September 1825) was the leading sentimental Polish poet of the Age of Enlightenment. He is particularly remembered for his religious works later rendered as hymns and carols. He is also considered one of the most original Polish writers of the early partitions. In his native Poland he was cherished during the Polish Romantic Period of the early 19th century.", "Q302728": "Hymmi Lenita Aulikki Airisto (born 1 January 1937 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish business leader, promoter of Finnish industrial and cultural exports, TV journalist and author.", "Q93067": "Brian E. Paul is a computer programmer who originally wrote and maintained the source code for the open source Mesa graphics library until 2012 and is still active in the project. Paul began programming initial source code in August 1993. Mesa is a free software/open source graphics library that provides a generic OpenGL implementation for rendering three-dimensional graphics on multiple platforms. Though Mesa is not an officially licensed OpenGL implementation, the structure, syntax and semantics of the API is that of OpenGL.", "Q837141": "The Emotions are an American Grammy Award\u2013winning soul/R&B vocal group from Chicago, Illinois. The group started out in Gospel but later delved into R&B and Soul. The Emotions were named by VH1 as one of the 18 most influential girl groups of all time.", "Q16079": "Nienburg (official name: Nienburg/Weser) (Low German: Nienborg, Neenborg or Negenborg) is a town and capital of the district Nienburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.", "Q87012": "Alexander Franz Clemens Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (15 March 1905, in Stuttgart \u2013 27 January 1964, in Munich) was a German aristocrat and historian. His twin brother Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg and younger brother Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg were among the leaders of the 20 July Plot against Hitler in 1944.", "Q64389": "Attelwil is a former municipality in the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipality of Attelwil merged into the municipality of Reitnau.", "Q166216": "Giada Pamela De Laurentiis (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0292a\u02d0da pa\u02c8m\u025b\u02d0la de lau\u02c8r\u025bnti.is]; born August 22, 1970) is an Italian-American chef, writer, and television personality. She is the host of Food Network's Giada at Home. She also appears regularly as a contributor and guest co-host on NBC's Today. De Laurentiis is the founder of the catering business GDL Foods. She is a winner of the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lifestyle Host and the Gracie Award for Best Television Host.", "Q44059": "La Plata (Spanish pronunciation: [la \u02c8plata]) is the capital city of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. According to the 2010 census [INDEC], it has a population of 765,378 and its metropolitan area has 899,523 inhabitants.\nLa Plata was planned and developed to serve as the provincial capital after the city of Buenos Aires was federalized in 1880. It was officially founded by Governor Dardo Rocha on 19 November 1882. Its construction is fully documented in photographs by Tom\u00e1s Bradley Sutton. La Plata was briefly known as Ciudad Eva Per\u00f3n (Eva Per\u00f3n City) between 1952 and 1955.\nThe city is home to two important first division football teams: Estudiantes de La Plata and Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata.", "Q7721": "Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 \u2013 9 January 1873), the nephew of Napoleon I and cousin of Napoleon II, was the first president of France from 1848 to 1852, and the last French monarch from 1852 to 1870. First elected president of the French Second Republic in 1848, he seized power in 1851, when he could not constitutionally be re-elected, and became the emperor of the French. He founded the Second French Empire and was its only emperor until the defeat of the French army and his capture by Prussia and its allies in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. He worked to modernize the French economy, rebuilt the center of Paris, expanded the French overseas empire, and engaged in the Crimean War and the Second Italian War of Independence.\nNapoleon III commissioned a grand reconstruction of Paris carried out by his prefect of the Seine, Baron Georges-Eug\u00e8ne Haussmann, and launched similar public works projects in Marseille, Lyon and other French cities. Napoleon III modernized the French banking system, expanded and consolidated the French railway system, and made the French merchant marine the second largest in the world. He promoted the building of the Suez Canal and established modern agriculture, which ended famines in France and made France an agricultural exporter. Napoleon III negotiated the 1860 Cobden\u2013Chevalier free trade agreement with Britain and similar agreements with France's other European trading partners. Social reforms included giving French workers the right to strike and the right to organize. The first women students were admitted at the Sorbonne and educational opportunities for women were increased, as did the list of required subjects in public schools.\nIn foreign policy, Napoleon III aimed to reassert French influence in Europe and around the world. He was a supporter of popular sovereignty and of nationalism. In Europe, he allied with Britain and defeated Russia in the Crimean War (1853\u201356). His regime assisted Italian unification by defeating the Austrian Empire in the Franco-Austrian War and later annexed Savoy and the County of Nice as its deferred reward. At the same time, his forces defended the Papal States against annexation by Italy. He was also favorable towards the union of the Danubian Principalities (24th of January 1859), which resulted in the establishment of the modern state of Romania. Napoleon III doubled the area of the French overseas empire in Asia, the Pacific and Africa. On the other hand, the French intervention in Mexico, which aimed to create a Second Mexican Empire under French protection, ended in total failure.\nFrom 1866, Napoleon had to face the mounting power of Prussia as its Chancellor Otto von Bismarck sought German unification under Prussian leadership. In July 1870, Napoleon entered the Franco-Prussian War without allies and with inferior military forces. The French army was rapidly defeated and Napoleon III was captured at the Battle of Sedan. The French Third Republic was proclaimed in Paris and Napoleon went into exile in England, where he died in 1873.", "Q43736": "Yasunari Kawabata (\u5ddd\u7aef \u5eb7\u6210, Kawabata Yasunari, 11 June 1899 \u2013 16 April 1972) was a Japanese novelist and short story writer whose spare, lyrical, subtly-shaded prose works won him the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1968, the first Japanese author to receive the award. His works have enjoyed broad international appeal and are still widely read.", "Q203344": "Baja (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u0252j\u0252]) is a city in B\u00e1cs-Kiskun County, southern Hungary. It is the second largest city in the county, after the county seat at Kecskem\u00e9t, and is home to some 35,000 people. Baja is the seat of the Baja municipality.\nThe environs of Baja have been continuously inhabited since the end of the Iron Age, but there is evidence of human presence since prehistoric times. The settlement itself was most likely established in the 14th century. After the Ottoman Empire conquered Hungary, it grew to prominence more than other nearby settlements, and was granted town rights in 1696.\nToday, Baja plays an important role in the life of Northern B\u00e1cska as a local commercial centre and the provider of public services such as education and healthcare. It has several roads and a railway connection to other parts of the country, and also offers local Public transport for its residents. Being close to the Danube and the forest of Gemenc, as well as having its own cultural sights, makes it a candidate for tourism, but this is not well established yet.", "Q129501": "Silvia Abril Fern\u00e1ndez (born 10 April 1971) is a Spanish actress and comedian.", "Q712914": "Jerry Reed Hubbard (March 20, 1937 \u2013 September 1, 2008) was an American country music singer, guitarist, composer, and songwriter, as well as an actor who appeared in more than a dozen films. His signature songs included \"Guitar Man\", \"U.S. Male\", \"A Thing Called Love\", \"Alabama Wild Man\", \"Amos Moses\", \"When You're Hot, You're Hot\" (which garnered a Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance, Male), \"Ko-Ko Joe\", \"Lord, Mr. Ford\", \"East Bound and Down\" (the theme song for the 1977 blockbuster Smokey and the Bandit, in which Reed co-starred), \"The Bird\", and \"She Got the Goldmine (I Got the Shaft)\".\nReed was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum.\nReed was announced as an inductee into the Country Music Hall of Fame on April 5, 2017, and was officially inducted by Bobby Bare on October 24.", "Q2362776": "Dance Dance Dance (\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u30fb\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u30fb\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9, Dansu Dansu Dansu) is the sixth novel by Japanese writer Haruki Murakami. First published in 1988, it was translated into English by Alfred Birnbaum in 1994. The book is a sequel to Murakami's novel A Wild Sheep Chase. In 2001, Murakami said that writing Dance Dance Dance had been a healing act after his unexpected fame following the publication of Norwegian Wood and that, because of this, he had enjoyed writing Dance more than any other.", "Q171959": "Levon \"Fred\" Agabashian (August 21, 1913 \u2013 October 13, 1989) was an American racer of midget cars and Indy cars.", "Q280918": "Leaving Las Vegas is a 1995 American romantic drama film written and directed by Mike Figgis, and based on the semi-autobiographical novel of the same name by John O'Brien. Nicolas Cage stars as a suicidal alcoholic in Los Angeles who, divorced and recently fired, has decided to move to Las Vegas and drink himself to death. He loads a supply of liquor and beer into his BMW and gets drunk as he drives from Los Angeles to Nevada. Once there, he develops a romantic relationship with a pretty, but hardened prostitute (Elisabeth Shue). O'Brien died by suicide after signing away the film rights to the novel.Leaving Las Vegas was filmed in super 16mm instead of 35mm film; while 16 mm is common for art house films, 35 mm is most commonly used for mainstream film. After limited release in the United States on October 27, 1995, Leaving Las Vegas was released nationwide on February 9, 1996, receiving strong praise from critics and audiences. Cage received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama and the Academy Award for Best Actor, while Shue was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama and the Academy Award for Best Actress. The film also received nominations for Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Director.\n\n", "Q111075": "Orli Wald (July 1, 1914 \u2013 January 1, 1962) was a member of the German Resistance in Nazi Germany. She was arrested in 1936 and charged with high treason, whereupon she served four and a half years in a women's prison, followed by \"protective custody\" in Nazi concentration camps until 1945, when she escaped. \nShe was a prisoner functionary in the infirmary at Auschwitz-Birkenau and because of her helpfulness to Jewish and other prisoners, was called the \"Angel of Auschwitz\". After the war, Wald was often ill with physical problems stemming from illness during her confinement. She was also plagued by depression, unable to cope with her memories of the concentration camps and she made numerous suicide attempts. She wrote stories about her experiences in an attempt to overcome the past, but died at the age of 48 in a psychiatric hospital.", "Q72500": "Reinhard Kolldehoff (29 April 1914 \u2013 18 November 1995) was a German film actor. He appeared in 140 films between 1941 and 1988. He was born and died in Berlin, Germany.", "Q597795": "Gerardo Ruiz Mateos (born in Mexico City). Mexican engineer and politician. Former Secretary of Economy in Mexico.", "Q320204": "Jeffrey Michael Tambor (born July 8, 1944) is an American actor and voice artist. He is known for his television roles such as Hank Kingsley on The Larry Sanders Show (1992\u20131998), George Bluth Sr. and Oscar Bluth on Arrested Development (2003\u20132006, 2013, 2018) and Maura Pfefferman on Transparent (2014\u20132017).\nHis film roles include Jay Porter in ...And Justice for All (1979), Jinx Latham in Mr. Mom (1983), Sully in There's Something About Mary (1998), the Mayor of Whoville in How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000), King Neptune in The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004), Tom Manning in Hellboy (2004) and its sequel Hellboy II: The Golden Army (2008), Sid Garner in The Hangover trilogy (2009\u20132013), Francis Silverberg in The Accountant (2016), and Georgy Malenkov in The Death of Stalin (2017).", "Q274127": "Mamo Clark (December 6, 1914 \u2013 December 18, 1986), sometimes billed as Mamo, was a Hawaiian-born American actress and author.", "Q1856989": "Sherwin Campbell Badger (August 29, 1901 \u2013 April 8, 1972) was an American figure skater who competed in singles and pairs. He earned the men's titles at the U.S. Figure Skating Championships from 1920 through 1924. He also captured the pairs gold medal with partner Beatrix Loughran three times, and the pair won the silver medal at the 1932 Winter Olympics. Prior to pairing with Loughran, he competed first with Clara Frothingham and later with Edith Rotch.\nAfter his competitive career ended, he was a skating judge and the head of the U.S. Figure Skating Association.\nHe was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on August 29, 1901 and died on April 8, 1972 in Sherborn, Massachusetts. In his private life, Badger was briefly married to Mary Bancroft also from the City of Boston, Massachusetts. \nHe graduated from Harvard University in 1923.", "Q100178": "Heinrich Lilienfein (20 November 1879 - 20 December 1954) was a German writer.", "Q74171": "Olivia Pascal (born Olivia Gerlitzki: May 26, 1957 in Munich, West Germany) is a German actress.", "Q182609": "Jacques Jean Marie Rogge, Count Rogge (French: [\u0292\u0251k \u0281\u0254.ge]; Dutch: [\u02c8r\u0254\u0263\u0259] (listen); born 2 May 1942) is a Belgian sports administrator and physician who served as the eighth President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from 2001 to 2013. In 2013, the IOC announced that Rogge would become their Honorary President.", "Q26950764": "An organizational founder is a person who has undertaken some or all of the work needed to create a new organization, whether this is a business, a charitable organization, a governing body, a school, a group of entertainers, or some other kind of organization. If there are multiple founders, each can be referred to as a co-founder. If the organization is a business, the founder is usually an entrepreneur. If an organization is created to carry out charitable work, the founder is generally considered a philanthropist.", "Q4008699": "Vardis Vardinogiannis (Greek: \u0392\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2) is a Greek billionaire oil and shipping businessman. He is the chairman and controlling shareholder of Motor Oil Hellas, Vegas Oil and Gas and involved in numerous other shipping and business interests. Vardinogiannis was included in Lloyd's List's Most Influential People in Shipping.", "Q77478": "Friedrich Gerst\u00e4cker (May 10, 1816 in Hamburg \u2013 May 31, 1872 in Braunschweig) was a German traveler and novelist.", "Q3182261": "John Paul Hogan (August 7, 1919 \u2013 February 19, 2012) was an American research chemist. Along with Robert Banks, he discovered methods of producing polypropylene and high-density polyethylene.Hogan was born in Lowes, Kentucky to Charles Franklin and Alma (Wyman) Hogan and earned B.S. degrees in both Chemistry and Physics at Murray State University of Kentucky in 1942. He taught at both the high school and college level before going to work in research at the Phillips Petroleum Company in 1944.\nHis work was primarily in the area of plastics and catalysts. In 1951, he invented crystalline polypropylene and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with his fellow research chemist Robert Banks. These plastics were initially known by the name Marlex. He held (jointly) a number of important patents and authored research papers before he left Phillips in 1985.\nAfter a few years as an independent consultant, he fully retired in 1993.\nIn 1987, he and Robert Banks together received the Perkin Medal Award and both were given a Heroes of Chemistry award by the American Chemical Society in 1989. In 2001, they were inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.", "Q145424": "Enrique Mari Bacay Gil V (Tagalog: [\u025bn\u02c8\u027eik\u025b \u02c8hil]); born 30 March 1992) is a Filipino actor, dancer, and model.\nGil has appeared in various films and television shows such as Mula Sa Puso, Budoy, Muling Buksan Ang Puso and She's the One. He is best known for his role as Alexander \"Xander\" Grande III in the television series Forevermore in 2014\u201315, alongside Liza Soberano. Since then, he has starred in the films Just The Way You Are (2015), Everyday I Love You (2015), Dukot (2016), My Ex and Whys (2017), Seven Sundays (2017), Alone/Together (2019) and the television series Dolce Amore (2016) and Bagani (2018).", "Q229234": "Ellen Rona Barkin (born April 16, 1954) is an American actress and producer. Her breakthrough role was in the 1982 film Diner, and in the following years she had starring roles in films such as Tender Mercies (1983), The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension (1984), The Big Easy (1987), Johnny Handsome and Sea of Love (both 1989).\nIn 1991, for her leading role in the film Switch, Barkin received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress. Her subsequent film credits include: Man Trouble, Into the West (both 1992), This Boy's Life (1993), Bad Company, Wild Bill (both 1995), The Fan (1996), Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), Drop Dead Gorgeous (1999), Crime and Punishment in Suburbia (2000), Palindromes (2004), Trust the Man (2005), Ocean's Thirteen (2007), Brooklyn's Finest (2009), and The Cobbler (2014).\nIn 1997, Barkin received a Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in the television film Before Women Had Wings. In 2011, she received the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her Broadway theatre debut in The Normal Heart. From 2016 until 2019, Barkin played the leading role of Janine \"Smurf\" Cody on the TNT drama series Animal Kingdom.\nHer producing credits include the films Letters to Juliet, Shit Year (both 2010), and Another Happy Day (2011).", "Q355843": "S\u0142awomir Stanis\u0142aw Skrzypek (10 May 1963 \u2013 10 April 2010) was the President of the National Bank of Poland (NBP) from 2007 until his death in 2010. He died in the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash, when a plane transporting a number of Polish notables, including the President of Poland Lech Kaczynski, crashed en route to a ceremony commemorating the 70th anniversary of the Katy\u0144 massacre. Analysts have said that Skrzypek's death is unlikely to change the path of monetary policy in Poland.Born in Katowice, Skrzypek graduated from the Silesian University of Technology before taking an MBA from the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, further post-graduate degrees at Cracow University of Economics, the University of Silesia, Georgetown University and at IESE Business School at the University of Navarra. It was on 10 January 2007 that Skrzypek was appointed to the role of President of the NBP, with a vote of 239 Sejm deputies in favor, 202 against and one abstaining. He replaced Leszek Balcerowicz. His choice by President Kaczynski was controversial; opposition parties and others criticised his comparative lack of experience.Prior to this position, he had been acting President of the managing board of PKO BP, Poland's largest bank. He had also held positions in the Supreme Chamber of Control (NIK), serving as Deputy President of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management and working at Polish State Railways (PKP). He acted as a deputy to the Mayor of Warsaw between 2002 and 2005, responsible, inter alia, for \"financial policy, investment projects and corporate governance\". From May 2000 to June 2001, he was a member of a group of advisors at one division of PZU, a Polish insurance company.Piotr Wiesiolek was named as Skrzypek's acting successor, though Skrzypek's sudden death on the 10 April 2010 may still cause short term problems for the bank; permanent Presidents of the Bank are usually nominated by Presidents of Poland, but Lech Kaczynski also died in the crash. After Skrzypek's death, the Wall Street Journal reported how the management committee of the central bank had recently \"come into open conflict with six members of the Council [of Ministers] after a council majority voted to change the rules dictating how the bank's net profit was calculated\".On 16 April 2010, Skrzypek was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta.", "Q173196": "Michael Collins (Irish: M\u00edche\u00e1l \u00d3 Coile\u00e1in; 16 October 1890 \u2013 22 August 1922) was an Irish revolutionary, soldier, and politician who was a leading figure in the early-20th-century Irish struggle for independence. He was Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State from January 1922 until his assassination in August 1922.\nCollins was born in Woodfield, County Cork, the youngest of eight children, and his family had republican connections reaching back to the 1798 rebellion. He moved to London in 1906, to become a clerk in the Post Office Savings Bank at Blythe House. He was a member of the London GAA, through which he became associated with the Irish Republican Brotherhood and the Gaelic League. He returned to Ireland in 1916 and fought in the Easter Rising. He was subsequently imprisoned in the Frongoch internment camp as a prisoner of war, but was released in December 1916.\nCollins rose through the ranks of the Irish Volunteers and Sinn F\u00e9in after his release from Frongoch. He became a Teachta D\u00e1la for South Cork in 1918, and was appointed Minister for Finance in the First D\u00e1il. He was present when the D\u00e1il convened on 21 January 1919 and declared the independence of the Irish Republic. In the ensuing War of Independence, he was Director of Organisation and Adjutant General for the Irish Volunteers, and Director of Intelligence of the Irish Republican Army. He gained fame as a guerrilla warfare strategist, planning and directing many successful attacks on British forces, such as the \"Bloody Sunday\" assassinations of key British intelligence agents in November 1920.\nAfter the July 1921 ceasefire, Collins and Arthur Griffith were sent to London by \u00c9amon de Valera to negotiate peace terms. The resulting Anglo-Irish Treaty established the Irish Free State but depended on an Oath of Allegiance to the Crown, a condition with which de Valera and other republican leaders had difficulty reconciling. Collins viewed the treaty as offering \"the freedom to achieve freedom\", and persuaded a majority in the D\u00e1il to ratify the treaty. A provisional government was formed under his chairmanship in early 1922 but was soon disrupted by the Irish Civil War, in which Collins was commander-in-chief of the National Army. He was shot and killed in an ambush by anti-treaty forces on 22 August 1922.", "Q69646": "Wilhelm Werner M\u00fcller (1 June 1946 \u2013 15 July 2019) was a German businessman and politician. He served as Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy from 1998 to 2002. He then became CEO of RAG AG from 2003, of which Evonik was derived in 2007. His management of a reduction in Germany's dependence on coal in a socially responsible way won him the Manager of the Year award in Germany in 2008. He was chairman of the supervisory board of Deutsche Bahn.", "Q230765": "Chyler Leigh West (pronounced KY-l\u0259r; born Potts; April 10, 1982), known professionally as Chyler Leigh, is an American actress, singer and model. She is known for portraying Janey Briggs in the comedy film Not Another Teen Movie (2001), Lexie Grey in the ABC medical drama series Grey's Anatomy (2007\u20132012), and Alex Danvers in the DC Comics superhero series Supergirl (2015\u2013present).", "Q57970": "Changzhou (Changzhounese: Zaon Tsei, Chinese: \u5e38\u5dde) is a prefecture-level city in southern Jiangsu province, China. It was previously known as Yanling, Lanling and Jinling. Located on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, Changzhou borders the provincial capital of Nanjing to the west, Zhenjiang to the northwest, Wuxi to the east, and the province of Zhejiang to the south. Changzhou is located in the highly developed Yangtze Delta region of China extending from Shanghai going northwest. The population of Changzhou city was 4,592,431 at the 2010 census.", "Q3097678": "Lyriq Bent (born January 3, 1979) is a Jamaican-Canadian actor. He is known for his roles in the Saw films, the television series Rookie Blue, and The Book of Negroes. Bent portrays Jamie Overstreet in the Netflix series She's Gotta Have It, based on the film of the same name.", "Q11925": "The canton of (the) Grisons, or canton of Graub\u00fcnden, is the largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland. It has international borders with Italy, Austria, and Liechtenstein. Its German name, Graub\u00fcnden, translates as the \"Grey Leagues\", referring to the canton's origin in three local alliances, the League of God's House, the Grey League, and the League of the Ten Jurisdictions. Grisons is the only officially trilingual canton and the only one where the Romansh language has official status. Swiss German, Italian, and Romansh are all native to the canton.", "Q700323": "Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0432\u0438\u043d) (January 23 (N.S. February 4), 1873 - January 16, 1954) was a Russian/Soviet writer.", "Q123979": "Ulrich \"Ueli\" Maurer (born 1 December 1950) is a Swiss politician who served as President of the Swiss Confederation in 2013 and 2019. A member of the Swiss People's Party, he has been a member of the Swiss Federal Council since 2009. Formerly head of the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports (2009\u20132015), Maurer has served as head of the Federal Department of Finance since 2016.\nAn accountant by occupation, he chaired the Swiss People's Party from 1996 to 2008. He was elected by the Swiss Federal Assembly to succeed Federal Councillor Samuel Schmid in the 2008 election and took office on 1 January 2009. Maurer served as Vice-President of the Swiss Confederation in 2012 and 2018 and President of the Swiss Confederation for the years 2013 and 2019. He was reelected Federal Councillor in the 2015 election and the 2019 election.", "Q944636": "Scott Rockenfield (born June 15, 1963), also known as SRock, is an American drummer and composer. He is best known as the drummer for the progressive metal band Queensr\u00ffche, which he co-founded in 1982, and the hard rock band Slave to the System.", "Q873": "Mary Louise \"Meryl\" Streep (born June 22, 1949) is an American actress. Often described as the \"best actress of her generation\", Streep is particularly known for her versatility and accents. Nominated for a record 21 Academy Awards, she has won three. Among other accolades, she has received 32 Golden Globe nominations, more than any other person, and won eight.Streep made her stage debut in Trelawny of the Wells in 1975. In 1976, she received a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play for 27 Wagons Full of Cotton and A Memory of Two Mondays. In 1977, she made her screen debut in the television film The Deadliest Season, and also made her film debut in Julia. In 1978, she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress \u2013 Miniseries or a Movie for her role in the miniseries Holocaust, and received her first Oscar nomination for The Deer Hunter. Streep went on to win the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Kramer vs. Kramer (1979), and the Academy Award for Best Actress for Sophie's Choice (1982) and The Iron Lady (2011).\nStreep's other Oscar-nominated roles were in The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), Silkwood (1983), Out of Africa (1985), Ironweed (1987), Evil Angels (1988), Postcards from the Edge (1990), The Bridges of Madison County (1995), One True Thing (1998), Music of the Heart (1999), Adaptation (2002), The Devil Wears Prada (2006), Doubt (2008), Julie & Julia (2009), August: Osage County (2013), Into the Woods (2014), Florence Foster Jenkins (2016), and The Post (2017). Her stage roles include The Public Theater's 2001 revival of The Seagull, and her television roles include two projects for HBO, the acclaimed miniseries Angels in America (2003), for which her performance won her another Emmy Award, and the drama series Big Little Lies (2019).\nStreep's other films that were critically and or commercially successful where she wasn't nominated for an Academy Award include Julia (1977), Manhattan (1979), The Seduction of Joe Tynan (1979), Defending Your Life (1991), Death Becomes Her (1992), The River Wild (1994), Marvin's Room (1996), The Hours (2002), Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004), A Prairie Home Companion (2006), Mamma Mia! (2008) and its sequel Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (2018), Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009), It's Complicated (2009), Suffragette (2015), Mary Poppins Returns (2018) and Little Women (2019).\nStreep has been the recipient of many honorary awards. She was awarded the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2004, Gala Tribute from the Film Society of Lincoln Center in 2008, and Kennedy Center Honor in 2011 for her contribution to American culture, through performing arts. President Barack Obama awarded her the 2010 National Medal of Arts, and in 2014, the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In 2003, the government of France made her a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters. She was awarded the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2017.", "Q76000": "Werner Spies (born 1 April 1937 in T\u00fcbingen) is a German art historian, journalist and organizer of exhibitions. From 1997 to 2000, he was also a director of the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris. According to Klaus Albrecht Schr\u00f6der, director of the Albertina, Vienna, Spies is \"one of the most influential art historians of the 20th century.\"", "Q1495387": "Texas State University is a public research university in San Marcos, Texas. Established in 1899 as the Southwest Texas State Normal School, it opened in 1903 to 303 students. Since that time it has grown into the largest institution in the Texas State University System and the fifth-largest university in the state of Texas with an enrollment of over 38,500 students for the 2018 fall semester. It has ten colleges and about fifty schools and departments.\nTexas State is classified as a doctoral university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and an emerging research university by the State of Texas. The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Faculty from the various colleges have consistently been granted Fulbright Scholarships\nresulting in Texas State being recognized as one of the top producing universities of Fulbright Scholars. The 36th President of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson, graduated from the institution in 1930; Texas State is the only public university in Texas to have a president as an alumnus.\nTexas State's main campus consists of 245 buildings on 492 acres (1.99 km2) of hilly land along the San Marcos River. Additionally, it has a satellite campus at the Texas State University Round Rock Campus (RRC) in the greater north Austin area. The university operates the Science, Technology and Advanced Research (STAR) Park, a technology commercialization and applied research facility. The Forensic Anthropology Center at Texas State is the largest forensics research facility in the world.Texas State University's intercollegiate sports teams, commonly known as the Bobcats, compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Sun Belt Conference.", "Q548491": "Nils Andresson Lavik (8 January 1884 \u2013 14 July 1966) was a Norwegian politician for the Christian Democratic Party.He was born in the former municipality of Hosanger in Hordaland County, Norway. Originally a member of the Liberal Party, he eventually joined the Christian Democratic Party who broke out of the Liberal Party in 1933. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Hordaland in 1934, and was re-elected on three occasions. He had previously served in the position of deputy representative for the Liberal Party during the term 1930\u20131933. He was chairman of the Christian Democratic Party 1938\u20131951. Lavik served in the Norwegian Parliament until 1953.", "Q220210": "George Michael Steinbrenner III (July 4, 1930 \u2013 July 13, 2010) was an American businessman who was the principal owner and managing partner of Major League Baseball's New York Yankees. During Steinbrenner's 37-year ownership from 1973 to his death in July 2010, the longest in club history, the Yankees earned seven World Series titles and 11 pennants. His outspokenness and role in driving up player salaries made him one of the sport's most controversial figures. Steinbrenner was also involved in the Great Lakes and Gulf Coast shipping industry.\nKnown as a hands-on baseball executive, Steinbrenner earned the nickname \"The Boss\". He had a tendency to meddle in daily on-field decisions, and to hire and fire (and sometimes re-hire) managers. Former Yankees manager Dallas Green gave him the derisive nickname \"Manager George\". He died after suffering a heart attack in his Tampa home on the morning of July 13, 2010, the day of the 81st All-Star Game.\n\n", "Q3330319": "Edmundo P\u00e9rez Zujovic (May 11, 1912 - June 8, 1971) was a Chilean politician of the Christian Democrat Party. He was Minister of the Interior, Public Works and Finance under the government of President Eduardo Frei Montalva (1964\u20131970). \nP\u00e9rez was born in Antofagasta. He was the father of the politician Edmundo P\u00e9rez Yoma, who is also a Christian Democrat.", "Q66213": "Ingo Schulze (born 15 December 1962) is a German writer born in Dresden in former East Germany. He studied classical philology at the University of Jena for five years, and, until German reunification, was an assistant director (dramatic arts advisor) at the State Theatre in Altenburg 45 km south of Leipzig for two years. After sleeping through the events of the night of 9 November 1989, Schulze started a newspaper with friends. He was encouraged to write. Schulze spent six months in St Petersburg which became the basis for his debut collection of short stories 33 Moments of Happiness (1995).\nSchulze has won a number of awards for his novels and stories, which have been translated into twenty languages, among them into English by John E. Woods. In 2007, he was awarded the Th\u00fcringer Literaturpreis. In 2013 he was awarded the Bertolt-Brecht-Literaturpreis.", "Q433989": "Nathan Louis \"Nat\" Finkelstein (January 16, 1933 \u2013 October 2, 2009) was an American photographer and photojournalist. Finkelstein studied photography under Alexey Brodovitch, the art director of Harper's Bazaar and worked as a photojournalist for the Black Star and PIX photo agencies, reporting primarily on the political developments of various subcultures in New York City in the 1960s. In 1964, Finkelstein entered Andy Warhol's Factory as a photojournalist and remained for three years; Finkelstein's photographs from this period are now regarded as some of the most iconic of the time.\n\n", "Q69120": "Hans Koschnick (2 April 1929 \u2013 21 April 2016) was a German politician (SPD) and elder statesman. He was the President of the Senate and Mayor of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen from 1967 to 1985, the President of the Bundesrat in 1970/71 and 1981/82, and afterwards served as a member of the Bundestag, the German federal parliament, from 1987 to 1998. \nBetween 1994 and 1996, Koschnick was the EU administrator of Mostar. He died on 21 April 2016.", "Q1780732": "Jan Gunnar R\u00f8ise (born 24 September 1975) is a Norwegian actor.\nHe was born in Eidsvoll, and took his education at the Norwegian National Academy of Theatre. He made his stage debut in 2000 at the National Theatre, and has been employed there since. Film appearances include Hawaii, Oslo and Gymnasl\u00e6rer Pedersen. His latest feature film appearance was as Olav in the 2011 movie The Thing.", "Q706034": "James Stephen Ewing () (December 25, 1866, Pittsburgh \u2013 May 16, 1943, New York City) was an American pathologist. He was the first Professor of pathology at Cornell University and became famous with the discovery of a form of malignant bone tumor that later became known as Ewing's sarcoma.", "Q145342": "George Washington Murray (September 22, 1853 \u2013 April 21, 1926), born into slavery in South Carolina, became educated and worked as a teacher, farmer and politician. After serving as chairman of the Sumter County Republican Party, he was elected in the 1890s as a United States congressman from South Carolina. He was the only black member in the 53rd and 54th Congresses. Because South Carolina passed a constitution in 1895 that effectively disenfranchised blacks and crippled the Republican Party, Murray was the last Republican elected in the state for nearly 100 years. The next Republican, elected in 1980, was the result of a realignment of voters and parties.\nIn 1905 Murray was convicted of forgery in what he said was a discriminatory trial (with an all-white jury) and sentenced to three years' hard labor. He left the state and moved to Chicago. In 1915 he was pardoned in this case by the South Carolina governor, Coleman Blease. In Chicago, Murray again became active in the Republican Party. He lectured on race relations and his political career, and published two collections of his speeches. He died of a stroke April 21, 1926.", "Q740061": "Lawrence H. \"Larry\" Lee, Jr. (March 7, 1943 \u2013 October 30, 2007) was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter from Memphis, Tennessee, best known for his work with Al Green and Jimi Hendrix.", "Q229552": "The Wrath of God is a 1972 offbeat Western genre film directed by Ralph Nelson and starring Robert Mitchum, Frank Langella, Rita Hayworth and Victor Buono. Filmed in Mexico, it is based on the novel by Jack Higgins writing as James Graham.", "Q70471": "Henry Nicholas Bolander (February 22, 1831 \u2013 August 28, 1897) was a German-American botanist and educator.\nBolander was born in Schl\u00fcchtern, Germany and emigrated to the United States in 1846. He joined his uncle in Columbus, Ohio and enrolled in the Columbus Lutheran Seminary. He graduated from the seminary and was ordained a minister but never served in a religious office. Instead, he began his career teaching at the local German-American schools in 1851. In 1857 he married Anna Marie Jenner, a widow who had three children from her previous marriage; together, they eventually added five more children to their family.\nAt the same time, Bolander became acquainted with a neighbor, Leo Lesquereux, a well-known botanist who had emigrated from Switzerland in 1847. Lesquereux inspired Bolander to develop a keen interest in botany. Bolander began to travel widely in Ohio and neighboring states to study the flora and collect specimens. In 1857 he teamed with John H. Klippart, the Ohio Secretary of Agriculture, to create a catalog of the plants of Ohio. However, in 1860 failing health caused Bolander to return to Germany and the catalog was never published.\nBolander recovered his health and returned to America the following year, settling this time in San Francisco, California. He taught for the San Francisco School District and made the acquaintance of members of the California Academy of Sciences and the California Geological Survey. In 1864 he succeeded William Henry Brewer as State Botanist for California and for the next several years he made extensive surveys and collections of plants for the Survey.\nBolander published few botanical papers but he was widely recognized for his knowledge of California plants and his ability to identify and collect new species. He corresponded frequently with eminent botanists and shared his collections with them. They showed their gratitude, in part, by naming many new species in his honor\u2014by one count, 37 species of flowering plants bore his name.\nIn 1871 Bolander was elected California Superintendent of Public Instruction, an office which he held until December 1875. During his term he revised the course of study for California schools, requiring the study of music and drawing. At the same time, important education statutes were enacted by the State Legislature. California led the nation by implementing a strong compulsory education law for children eight to fourteen years of age. California also passed laws ensuring women could serve on school boards and in other educational offices; furthermore, women employed as teachers were guaranteed the same pay as men.\nAt the end of his term, Bolander did not seek re-election and instead ran successfully for Superintendent of Schools of San Francisco. He held the office for almost two years and then resigned in November, 1877. In 1878, Bolander travelled to Guatemala where he did educational work for the next seven years. He reportedly travelled widely to South America, Africa, and Europe but the details are not clear. In 1883, Bolander settled in Portland, Oregon and taught modern languages at Bishop Scott Academy.", "Q1150238": "Hatto Beyerle (born 20 June 1933) is a German-Austrian chamber musician, conductor and university professor.\n\n", "Q2370414": "Egil Myklebust (born 9 June 1942) is a Norwegian businessperson and lawyer. Since 2001 he has been chairman of the board of SAS Group.\n\nBorn in Kvinnherad, Myklebust took a law degree from the University of Oslo in 1967, before starting work with the Norwegian Welfare Services (1968 to 1971). After that he worked at Norsk Hydro from 1971 to 2001, the ten last as Chief Executive Officer. After he retired of CEO of Norsk Hydro he took over as chairman of the board of Norsk Hydro (until 2004) and SAS Group, as well as deputy board chairman of Norske Skog.He was also CEO of the Norwegian Employers' Confederation (NAF) from 1987 to 1989, and then of the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise until 1990, overseeing the 1989 merger. He is a former member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group.He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.", "Q219491": "Arrigo Boito (Italian: [ar\u02c8ri\u02d0\u0261o \u02c8b\u0254ito]; 24 February 1842 \u2013 10 June 1918) (whose original name was Enrico Giuseppe Giovanni Boito and who wrote essays under the anagrammatic pseudonym of Tobia Gorrio) was an Italian poet, journalist, novelist, librettist and composer, best known today for his libretti, especially those for Giuseppe Verdi's last two monumental operas Otello and Falstaff (not to mention Amilcare Ponchielli's operatic masterpiece La Gioconda) and his own opera Mefistofele. Along with Emilio Praga and his own brother Camillo Boito, he is regarded as one of the prominent representatives of the Scapigliatura artistic movement.", "Q236472": "Katrina Bowden (born September 19, 1988) is an American actress best known for playing Cerie on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock (2006\u20132013). She also appeared in Sex Drive, Piranha 3DD, Scary Movie 5 and The Bold and Beautiful", "Q155151": "Georges Henri Yvon Joseph Ruggiu (born October 12, 1957, in Verviers, Belgium) was a presenter on the Rwandan radio station Radio T\u00e9l\u00e9vision Libre des Mille Collines, which played a significant role in promoting the genocide against the Tutsi. Like the station's other broadcasters, Ruggiu incited violence against Tutsi and moderate Hutu over the air. Ruggiu eventually pleaded guilty to charges of incitement to commit genocide and in 2000 was sentenced to 12 years in prison by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. An Italian-Belgian who became involved in Rwandan politics two years before the genocide, Ruggiu was the only non-Rwandan charged with involvement in the genocide.", "Q1223508": "Ohrid (Macedonian: \u041e\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0434 [\u02c8\u0254xrit] (listen)) is a city in North Macedonia and the seat of the Ohrid Municipality. It is the largest city on Lake Ohrid and the eighth-largest city in the country, with over 42,000 inhabitants as of 2002. Ohrid once had 365 churches, one for each day of the year, and has been referred to as a \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". The city is rich in picturesque houses and monuments, and tourism is predominant. It is located southwest of Skopje, west of Resen and Bitola. In 1979 and in 1980 respectively, Ohrid and Lake Ohrid were accepted as Cultural and Natural World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Ohrid is one of only 28 sites that are part of UNESCO's World Heritage that are Cultural as well as Natural sites.", "Q2326652": "Thomas Phillip O'Neill III (born September 20, 1944) leads a public relations and government affairs firm called O'Neill and Associates in Boston. He is the son of Mildred Anne Miller and Thomas Phillip \"Tip\" O'Neill Jr., who served as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1977 to 1987.\nFrom 1975 to 1983, O'Neill served as Lieutenant Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. During his term of office, O'Neill created and administered the Office of Federal-State Relations in Boston and Washington, D.C.. During this time he also served on the U.S. State Department Ambassadorial Screening Committee. Prior to becoming lieutenant governor, O\u2019Neill served as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. O'Neill is known for his work on behalf of the Big Dig, a project with which his father was instrumentally involved.\nO'Neill declined to seek a third term in 1982 in order to run for Governor of Massachusetts, but ran afoul of the state Democratic Party's rule changes and failed to make the ballot.O'Neill sits on the Board of Trustees for Boston College and chairs the Board of Trustees of Cristo Rey Boston High School, having graduated from both. He is on the board of Catholic Democrats, a national advocacy organization dealing with faith and politics. O'Neill received his bachelor's degree from Boston College and earned his Master of Public Administration from Harvard University\u2019s John F. Kennedy School of Government.", "Q842253": "Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog is a 2008 musical comedy-drama miniseries in three acts, produced exclusively for Internet distribution. Filmed and set in Los Angeles, the show tells the story of Dr. Horrible (played by Neil Patrick Harris), an aspiring supervillain; Captain Hammer (Nathan Fillion), his superheroic nemesis; and Penny (Felicia Day), a charity worker and their shared love interest.\nThe series was written by writer/director Joss Whedon, his brothers Zack Whedon (a television writer) and Jed Whedon (a composer), and writer/actress Maurissa Tancharoen. The team wrote the musical during the 2007\u20132008 Writers Guild of America strike. The idea was to create something small and inexpensive, yet professionally done, in a way that would circumvent the issues that were being protested during the strike. Reception has been overwhelmingly positive. On October 31, 2008, Time magazine named it #15 in Time's Top 50 Inventions of 2008. It also won the People's Choice Award for \"Favorite Online Sensation\", and the 2009 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form. In the inaugural 2009 Streamy Awards for web television, Dr. Horrible won seven awards: Audience Choice Award for Best Web Series, Best Directing for a Comedy Web Series, Best Writing for a Comedy Web Series, Best Male Actor in a Comedy Web Series (Harris), Best Editing, Best Cinematography, and Best Original Music. It also won a 2009 Creative Arts Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class \u2013 Short-format Live-Action Entertainment Programs.", "Q12592": "The canton of Nidwalden, also canton of Nidwald (German: Kanton Nidwalden, [\u02c8nid\u02ccvald\u0259n] (listen)) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the centre of Switzerland. The population is 40,287 (in 2007) of which 4,046 (or 10%) are foreigners. The capital is Stans.", "Q255857": "The Bavaria Party (German: Bayernpartei, BP) is an autonomist and regionalist political party in the state of Bavaria. It was founded in 1946 and describes itself as patriotic Bavarian, advocating Bavarian independence within the European Union. Together with the Christian Social Union (CSU), it can be seen as an heir to the Bavarian People's Party (BVP) which existed prior to the Nazi takeover. The party is a member of the European Free Alliance.", "Q149578": "Jonna Marika Tervomaa (born January 7, 1973) is a Finnish pop singer and songwriter. She was born in Forssa, and became famous at the age of ten, when she won the song contest \"Syksyn S\u00e4vel\" with the song \"Minttu sek\u00e4 Ville\". Tervomaa started her adult career in 1998 with her self-titled album.\nTervomaa's biggest hits include \"Suljettu syd\u00e4n\" (1998), \"Yht\u00e4 en saa\" (1999), \"Rakkauden haudalla\" (Helmi\u00e4 ja sikoja soundtrack, 2003), \"My\u00f6hemmin\" (2004) and \"Se ei kuulu mulle\" (2004).", "Q367629": "Peter Joseph Egan (born 28 September 1946) is a British actor known for his TV roles, including Hogarth in Big Breadwinner Hog, the future King George IV of the United Kingdom in Prince Regent (1979); smooth neighbour Paul Ryman in the sitcom Ever Decreasing Circles (1984\u201389); and Hugh \"Shrimpie\" MacClare,\nMarquess of Flintshire, in Downton Abbey (2012\u201315). He is married to retired actress Myra Frances.", "Q438604": "Frances Reid (December 9, 1914 \u2013 February 3, 2010) was an American dramatic actress. Reid acted on television for nearly all of the second half of the 20th century. Her career continued into the early 2000s.\nAlthough she starred in many productions, she is best known for her portrayal of Alice Horton on the NBC daytime soap opera Days of Our Lives from its debut in November 1965 until 2007. At the time of her death, she ranked fifth on the all-time list of longest-serving soap opera actors in the United States.", "Q118051": "Andrew Dawson (16 July 1863 \u2013 20 July 1910), usually known as Anderson Dawson, was an Australian politician, the Premier of Queensland for one week (1\u20137 December) in 1899. This premiership was not only the first Australian Labor Party government; it was the first parliamentary socialist government anywhere in the world, and it attracted international newspaper coverage.", "Q1040759": "Carl Tyler \"Doc\" Sprague (May 10, 1895 \u2013 February 21, 1979) was an American country musician. He was often dubbed \"The Original Singing Cowboy\". Sprague was one of the first country musicians on record, recording in the early 1920s.\n\n", "Q64404": "Arno Holz (26 April 1863 Rastenburg \u2013 October 1929, Berlin) was a German naturalist poet and dramatist. He is best known for his poetry collection Phantasus (1898). He was nominated for a Nobel prize in literature nine times.", "Q440967": "Marine Delterme (born 12 March 1970) is a French actress, painter, sculptor and former model.", "Q357932": "Francisco Jos\u00e9 Fernandes Costa (Portuguese: [f\u027e\u0250\u0303\u02c8si\u0283ku \u0292u\u02c8z\u025b f\u0268\u027e\u02c8n\u0250\u0303d\u0268\u0283 \u02c8k\u0254\u0283t\u0250]; 1867\u20131925) was a Portuguese lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Portuguese Republican Party and later of the Evolutionist Party, the Republican Liberal Party and the Nationalist Party. He was civil governor of Coimbra, minister of the Navy (1912\u20131913; 1915) and Commerce (1921). He is most remembered for being the President of the Ministry (Prime Minister) of the short-lived \"five minutes government\", who resigned the same day it was to take office, on 15 January 1920.\n\n", "Q1008721": "Domenico Paolella (18 October 1915 - 7 October 2002) was an Italian director, screenwriter and journalist.\nBorn in Foggia, between 1933 and 1935 Paolella won several contests for amateur directors; in the same years he started working as a journalist for several newspapers and magazines. In 1937 he entered the film industry as assistant of Carmine Gallone for Scipio the African, and the following year made his debut as a director of short films. During the war he was correspondent from the Soviet front. From 1946 to 1951 he was artistic director and chief editor of the INCOM newsreel production company.In 1939 Paolella directed his first feature film, The Last of the Road. In subsequent years, he first directed a series of musical films of great success produced by Carlo Infascelli, then he specialized in the comic genre. Paolella directed his last film in 1979, and briefly rejoined the industry in the early nineties when he collaborated on several screenplays for films directed by Sergio Sollima, Stelvio Massi, Lamberto Bava and Aldo Lado.", "Q379417": "Lincoln Ellsworth (May 12, 1880 \u2013 May 26, 1951) was a polar explorer from the United States and a major benefactor of the American Museum of Natural History.", "Q96692": "Ludwig Eichrodt (February 2, 1827, Durlach bei Karlsruhe \u2013 February 2, 1892, Lahr) was a German poet and dramatist.", "Q431146": "Christine Boisson (born 8 April 1956 in Salon-de-Provence, Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne) is a French actress.\nAfter she registered in a model agency, Just Jaeckin liked her photo, and she got a part in the film Emmanuelle starring Sylvia Kristel, in which she played a lollipop-sucking teenager who masturbates over a picture of Paul Newman. Then she got some more film roles, but she also continued to study acting.\nIn 1977 she made her stage debut in Chekov's The Seagull directed by Bruno Bayen.\nIn 1984, she received the Prix Romy Schneider (most promising actress awards) for Rue Barbare.\nIn 2005, she was starring in the stage play Viol by Botho Strau\u00df (based on Titus Andronicus), directed by Luc Bondy.", "Q128186": "Saitama Prefecture (\u57fc\u7389\u770c, Saitama-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kant\u014d region. The capital is the city of Saitama.This prefecture is part of the Greater Tokyo Area, and many of Saitama's cities can be described as suburbs of Tokyo, to which many residents commute each day.", "Q3268614": "The Lyc\u00e9e Carnot is a public secondary and higher education school located at 145 Boulevard Malesherbes in the 17th arrondissement, Paris, France. Recognized as one of the most prestigious high schools in France, it is also ranked as one of the best classe pr\u00e9paratoire aux \u00e9coles de commerce. Some of its former students have been among the most influential personalities in the country, including Jacques Chirac, the former French President, and Pascal Lamy, the former president of the World Trade Organization since (2005\u20132013). Daft Punk musicians Thomas Bangalter and Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo met there in 1987. The poet Louis Aragon also attended Carnot.\nThe school has a long tradition of excellence, and has been regularly sending its graduates to the best schools in France and abroad: \n- Polytechnique \n- Centrale\n- HEC\n- ESSEC \n- Sciences Po Paris \n- EM Lyon \n- LSE\n- UCL \n- KCL\n- McGill University", "Q110419": "Frederick Edward John Miller (November 24, 1824 - May 11, 1888) was a brewery owner in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Born as \"Friedrich Eduard Johannes M\u00fcller\" in Riedlingen, W\u00fcrttemberg, he founded the Miller Brewing Company at the Plank Road Brewery, purchased 165 years ago in 1855. He learned the brewing business in Germany at Sigmaringen.\nMiller married Josephine Miller in Friedrichshafen, W\u00fcrttemberg, on June 7, 1853. Their first child, Joseph Edward Miller, was born the next year. In 1854, the family emigrated to the United States, spending the first year in New York. They moved to Wisconsin in 1855, arriving through New Orleans.Josephine died in April 1860 and Miller married Lisette Gross and had five children who survived infancy: Ernst, Emil, Frederick II, Clara, and Elise. Clara married Carl A. Miller (no relation), also a German immigrant.Frederick Miller once owned a tract of land in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan that is now Craig Lake State Park.\nMiller died of cancer in 1888 at age 63, and was buried in the Calvary Cemetery in Milwaukee. Following his death, the company was run by his surviving three sons and son-in-law Carl.Miller's younger daughter Elise was the mother of Harry G. John (1919\u20131992), president of the company from 1946\u20131947 and founder of the De Rance Corporation, once the world's largest Catholic charity.Older daughter Clara's son Frederick C. Miller (1906\u20131954) was an All-American college football player at Notre Dame under Knute Rockne and became president of the company after John in 1947. He and his 20-year-old son Fred, Jr., were killed in a plane crash in Milwaukee in 1954. The nine-passenger twin-engine company aircraft was a converted Lockheed Ventura. It was bound for Winnipeg for a December hunting trip at Portage la Prairie; the crash also killed the two company pilots, brothers Joseph and Paul Laird.\n\n", "Q1372747": "Joell Christopher Ortiz (born July 6, 1980) is an American rapper and a member of the group Slaughterhouse. Ortiz grew up in the Cooper Park Houses in the East Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, New York, formerly signed to Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment record label. He was featured in the Unsigned Hype column of the March 2004 issue of The Source Magazine and was also selected as Chairman's Choice in XXL Magazine. \nDuring the same time Joell also went on to win the 2004 EA Sports Battle which earned his song \"Mean Business\" a spot on the NBA Live 2005 soundtrack. The same year he was offered a contract to Jermaine Dupri's So So Def label. He released his debut album The Brick: Bodega Chronicles in 2007. Since then, he has released Free Agent (2011), House Slippers (2014) and Monday (2019).", "Q483938": "SM Entertainment Co., Ltd. (Korean: SM\uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8) is South Korea's largest entertainment company, founded in 1995 by Lee Soo-man. The company has developed and popularized numerous K-pop stars with huge global fandoms. SM is known for having led the global K-pop phenomenon and the musical side of \"Hallyu\", also known as the \"Korean Wave\". Representative of the entertainment industry in Asia, the company operates its own comprehensive entertainment business including artist development, record label services, talent agency services, music production, music publishing, event management, and concert production.\nThe label is home to prominent K-pop artists such as Kangta, S.E.S., BoA, TVXQ!, CSJH The Grace, Super Junior, Girls' Generation, J-Min, Shinee, f(x), Zhou Mi, Exo, Red Velvet, NCT, and produced and popularized artists like H.O.T., Fly to the Sky, Shinhwa, TraxX, and Henry Lau. It also manages a number of actors, including Kim Min-jong and Lee Yeon-hee. In Japan, SM Entertainment co-publishes Avex Trax releases for artists including Ayumi Hamasaki, Namie Amuro, and Koda Kumi, as well as Johnny's Entertainment artists such as Arashi and KAT-TUN.In 2015, SM Entertainment had reported revenues of KR\u20a9325 billion (approximately US$287 million) and a net income of KR\u20a921.7 billion (US$19 million).", "Q705529": "Johann Hadji Argyris FRS (Greek: \u0399\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03c4\u03b6\u03b9 \u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2; 19 August 1913 \u2013 2 April 2004) was a Greek pioneer of computer applications in science and engineering, among the creators of the finite element method (FEM), and lately Professor at the University of Stuttgart and Director of the Institute for Statics and Dynamics of Aerospace Structures.", "Q116068": "Last Days of Mussolini (Italian: Mussolini: Ultimo atto) is a 1974 Italian historical drama film co-written and directed by Carlo Lizzani and starring Rod Steiger, Franco Nero and Lisa Gastoni. The film depicts the downfall of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini.", "Q176944": "Mark Rudolph MacGuigan, (February 17, 1931 \u2013 January 12, 1998) was a Canadian academic and politician.\nBorn in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, the son of Mark Rudolph MacGuigan and Agnes Violet Trainor, he was educated at Saint Dunstan's University (B.A.), the University of Toronto (M.A., Ph.D. (Philosophy)), Osgoode Hall Law School (LL.B.), and Columbia University (LL.M., J.S.D.) He was a professor at Osgoode and the University of Toronto and was dean of law at the University of Windsor.\nMacGuigan was elected as a Liberal Party candidate to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1968 general election. He was re-elected in 1972, 1974, 1979, and 1980.\nIn 1976, he took a turn at provincial politics and ran for the leadership of the Ontario Liberal Party. He lost to Stuart Smith at the leadership convention.\nIn 1980, he was appointed Secretary of State for External Affairs in the cabinet of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. He became Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada in 1982.\nWhen Trudeau announced his retirement as Liberal leader and prime minister, MacGuigan ran to succeed him at the 1984 Liberal leadership convention. He placed fifth. He retired from politics following the convention, and became a judge on the federal Court of Appeal.\nHe died in Oklahoma City of liver cancer in 1998.", "Q369610": "The Cutter is a 2005 American action film directed by William Tannen, and starring Chuck Norris, Joanna Pacu\u0142a, Daniel Bernhardt, Bernie Kopell and Marshall R. Teague. After a deadly kidnapping rescue gone wrong, a guilt ridden detective recruits his specialized SWAT team to successfully rescue an aged diamond cutter from the hands of a murderous thief.", "Q5676553": "The Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) is the engineering school within Harvard University's Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS). It offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in engineering and applied sciences (though its undergraduates are officially enrolled in Harvard College). Previously the Lawrence Scientific School and then the Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, the School assumed its current structure in 2007. Francis J. Doyle III has been the School's dean since 2015.In 2020 and 2021, SEAS will expand into the new Science and Engineering Complex (SEC) in Allston, across the Charles River from the main campus of Harvard. The SEC will be adjacent to the Enterprise Research Campus in synergy with Harvard Business School and Harvard Innovation Labs.Recent investments have enlarged the School's faculty and upgraded its facilities. In 2019, Harvard was ranked third worldwide for Engineering and Technology by Times Higher Education. The School has produced numerous research discoveries and many distinguished alumni.", "Q3727486": "Restless Heart: The Confessions of Saint Augustine (Italian: Sant'Agostino) is a 2010 two-part television miniseries chronicling the life of St. Augustine, the early Christian theologian, writer and Bishop of Hippo Regius at the time of the Vandal invasion (AD 430).\nThis series was directed by Christian Duguay and was shot on location in Tunisia. In the United States, the film is distributed under the title Augustine: The Decline of the Roman Empire.", "Q62061": "Helmut Josef Geier (born on 6 September 1962), known professionally as DJ Hell, is a German DJ.", "Q129298": "Zygmunt Chmielewski (16 May 1894 \u2013 26 May 1978) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in 35 films between 1921 and 1960.\n\n", "Q9095": "James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 \u2013 5 November 1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics. His most notable achievement was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, bringing together for the first time electricity, magnetism, and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon. Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism have been called the \"second great unification in physics\" after the first one realised by Isaac Newton.\nWith the publication of \"A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field\" in 1865, Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic fields travel through space as waves moving at the speed of light. He proposed that light is an undulation in the same medium that is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena. The unification of light and electrical phenomena led his prediction of the existence of radio waves. Maxwell is also regarded as a founder of the modern field of electrical engineering.He helped develop the Maxwell\u2013Boltzmann distribution, a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases. He is also known for presenting the first durable colour photograph in 1861 and for his foundational work on analysing the rigidity of rod-and-joint frameworks (trusses) like those in many bridges.\nHis discoveries helped usher in the era of modern physics, laying the foundation for such fields as special relativity and quantum mechanics. Many physicists regard Maxwell as the 19th-century scientist having the greatest influence on 20th-century physics. His contributions to the science are considered by many to be of the same magnitude as those of Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein. In the millennium poll\u2014a survey of the 100 most prominent physicists\u2014Maxwell was voted the third greatest physicist of all time, behind only Newton and Einstein. On the centenary of Maxwell's birthday, Einstein described Maxwell's work as the \"most profound and the most fruitful that physics has experienced since the time of Newton\". Einstein, when he visited the University of Cambridge in 1922, was told by his host that he had done great things because he stood on Newton's shoulders; Einstein replied: \"No I don't. I stand on the shoulders of Maxwell\".", "Q272224": "Sir Ralph Norman Angell (26 December 1872 \u2013 7 October 1967) was an English Nobel Peace Prize winner. He was a lecturer, journalist, author and Member of Parliament for the Labour Party.\nAngell was one of the principal founders of the Union of Democratic Control. He served on the Council of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, was an executive for the World Committee against War and Fascism, a member of the executive committee of the League of Nations Union, and the president of the Abyssinia Association. He was made a Knight Bachelor in 1931 and awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1933.", "Q198123": "Zhu Shilin (Chinese: \u6731\u77f3\u9e9f; pinyin: Zh\u016b Sh\u013al\u013an) (27 July 1899 \u2013 5 January 1967), also romanised as Chu Shek Lin, was a Chinese film director, born in Taicang, Jiangsu, China. Zhu began his career in the thriving film industry of Shanghai, directing actresses like Ruan Lingyu with the Lianhua Film Company. After the war, Zhu moved to Hong Kong, where he founded the Longma Film Company along with fellow Shanghai emigrant Fei Mu.\nBetween 1930 and 1964, he directed 80 films. Two of his films, Sorrows of the Forbidden City (1948) and Festival Moon (1953) were ranked in the Hong Kong Film Awards' Best 100 Chinese Motion Pictures.", "Q237778": "Dame Jane Elizabeth Ailw\u00ean Phillips, (born 14 May 1933), known professionally as Si\u00e2n Phillips (), is a Welsh actress.", "Q66207": "Johann Heinrich Daniel Zschokke (22 March 1771 \u2013 27 June 1848) was a German, later Swiss, author and reformer. Most of his life was spent, and most of his reputation earned, in Switzerland. He had an extensive civil service career, and wrote histories, fiction and other works which were widely known.", "Q7354368": "Rock Creek Cemetery is an 86-acre (350,000 m2) cemetery with a natural and rolling landscape located at Rock Creek Church Road, NW, and Webster Street, NW, off Hawaii Avenue, NE, in the Petworth neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States. It is across the street from the historic Soldiers' Home and the Soldiers' Home Cemetery. It also is home to the InterFaith Conference of Metropolitan Washington. On August 12, 1977, Rock Creek Cemetery and the adjacent church grounds were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Rock Creek Church Yard and Cemetery.", "Q756617": "Denmark (Danish: Danmark, pronounced [\u02c8t\u00e6nm\u0251k] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Denmark, is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe. Denmark proper, which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries, consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand, Funen and the North Jutlandic Island. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate. The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations, Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and is bordered to the south by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 (16,573 sq mi), land area of 42,394 km2 (16,368 sq mi), and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 (853,509 sq mi), and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper (as of 2020).The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea. Denmark, Sweden, and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union, established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523. The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814, Denmark\u2013Norway. Beginning in the 17th century, there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire, ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden. After the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was ceded to Sweden, while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements, which were defeated in the First Schleswig War. After the Second Schleswig War in 1864, Denmark lost the Duchy of Schleswig to Prussia. Denmark remained neutral during World War I, however, in 1920 the northern half of Schleswig became Danish again. In April 1940, a German invasion saw brief military skirmishes while the Danish resistance movement was active from 1943 until the German surrender in May 1945. An industrialised exporter of agricultural produce in the second half of the 19th century, Denmark introduced social and labour-market reforms in the early 20th century that created the basis for the present welfare state model with a highly developed mixed economy.\nThe Constitution of Denmark was signed on 5 June 1849, ending the absolute monarchy, which had begun in 1660. It establishes a constitutional monarchy organised as a parliamentary democracy. The government and national parliament are seated in Copenhagen, the nation's capital, largest city, and main commercial centre. Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm, devolving powers to handle internal affairs. Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands\nin 1948; in Greenland home rule was established in 1979 and further autonomy in 2009. Denmark became a member of the European Economic Community (now the EU) in 1973, but negotiated certain opt-outs; it retains its own currency, the krone. It is among the founding members of NATO, the Nordic Council, the OECD, OSCE, and the United Nations; it is also part of the Schengen Area. Denmark has close ties to its Scandinavian neighbours also linguistically, with the Danish language being partially mutually intelligible with both Norwegian and Swedish.\nDenmark is considered to be one of the most economically and socially developed countries in the world. Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the country ranks highly in some metrics of national performance, including education, health care, protection of civil liberties, democratic governance, LGBT equality, prosperity, and human development. The country ranks as having the world's highest social mobility, a high level of income equality, has the lowest perceived level of corruption in the world, the eleventh-most developed in the world, has one of the world's highest per capita incomes, and one of the world's highest personal income tax rates.", "Q115561": "Ernst Nobs (14 July 1886, Seedorf, Bern \u2013 15 March 1957) was a Swiss politician.\n\nHe was the mayor of Z\u00fcrich from 1942 to 1944. He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 15 December 1943, as the first member of the Social Democratic Party. He handed over office on 31 December 1951.\nDuring his time in office he held the Department of Finance and he was President of the Confederation in 1949.", "Q720959": "Sludge metal (also known as sludgecore, sludge doom and sludge) is a genre of heavy metal music that originated through combining elements of doom metal and hardcore punk. It is typically harsh and abrasive, often featuring shouted vocals, heavily distorted instruments and sharply contrasting tempos. While the Melvins from the US state of Washington laid the groundwork for both sludge metal and grunge in the 1980s, sludge as a distinct genre emerged after 1990 through the work of Louisiana bands such as Eyehategod and Crowbar. Later bands often border on stoner rock (e.g. High on Fire) or post-metal (e.g. Neurosis).", "Q322361": "Ribe (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281i\u02d0p\u0259]; German: Ripen) is a Danish town in south-west Jutland, with a population of 9.918 (2019). It is the seat of the Diocese of Ribe covering southwestern Jutland.\nUntil 1 January 2007, Ribe was the seat of both a surrounding municipality, and county. It is now part of the enlarged Esbjerg Municipality in the Region of Southern Denmark.\nRibe is the oldest extant town in Denmark, established in the early eighth century in the Germanic Iron Age.", "Q433745": "Mohammad-Rez\u0101 Lotfi (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0641\u06cc\u200e; also Romanized as Mohammad-Reza Lotfi; 1 January 1947 \u2013 2 May 2014) was an Iranian classical musician renowned for his mastery of the tar and setar. He collaborated with singers such as Mohammad-Rez\u0101 Shajarian, Hengameh Akhavan , Shahram Nazeri and Alireza Shahmohammadi.", "Q537251": "Ruslan Imranovich Khasbulatov (Russian: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0418\u043c\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u0430\u0441\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432, Chechen: \u0425\u0430\u0441\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438 \u0418\u043c\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0438 \u043aI\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d) (born November 22, 1942) is a Russian economist and politician and the Chairman of Parliament of Russia of Chechen descent who played a central role in the events leading to the 1993 constitutional crisis in the Russian Federation.", "Q1411093": "St. Lawrence University is a private liberal arts college in the village of Canton in St. Lawrence County, New York. It has roughly 2,400 undergraduate and 100 graduate students, about equally split between male and female.\nThough St. Lawrence today is non-denominational, it was founded in 1856 by leaders of the Universalist Church, who were seeking to establish a seminary west of New England and were enthusiastically courted by the citizens of Canton. The church almost did not place the school in Canton, however, as they felt students might be exposed to too much \"excitement\" within the village limits in 1856. The denomination, which has since merged with the Unitarian faith, was part of the liberal wing of Protestantism, championing such ideas as critical thinking and gender equality\u2014attributes that surfaced in the new Theological School of St. Lawrence University, which was progressive in its teaching philosophy and coeducational from the beginning.", "Q1789064": "Kris Jensen (born Peter Kristian Jensen; April 4, 1942) is an American singer, bassist, and guitarist.\nJensen began his career in music cutting records for Colpix, for whom he recorded his first single in 1959. He graduated from high school in Fort Lauderdale in 1960 and then recorded with Kapp Records and its subsidiary, Leader Records. In 1962 he moved on to Hickory Records, where he began recording many numbers by Nashville staff songwriters such as Boudleaux and Felice Bryant, Roy Orbison, Joe Melson, and John D. Loudermilk.\nIn 1962 he recorded \"Torture\", which Loudermilk had originally written for The Everly Brothers. The song became a hit, reaching #20 on the Billboard Hot 100, and after its success the Everly Brothers decided to record it as well. The song proved to be Jensen's only hit, though he recorded at least 30+ songs over the course of his career. \"Torture\" was featured in the soundtrack of the avant-garde film Scorpio Rising, directed by Kenneth Anger. Reissues of his catalog were released to LP by Bear Family Records in 1979 and to CD by Sparkletone Records in 1995.", "Q113676": "Ben 10: Alien Force is an American animated television series created by team Man of Action (a group consisting of Duncan Rouleau, Joe Casey, Joe Kelly, and Steven T. Seagle), and produced by Cartoon Network Studios. It takes place five years after Ben 10 and takes a darker turn than its predecessor.\nThe series premiered on Cartoon Network in the United States on April 18, 2008 and on Teletoon in Canada on September 6, 2008, and ended on March 26, 2010. The series was originally produced under the working title of Ben 10: Hero Generation. The series ran for a total of three seasons and forty-six episodes with its final episode being aired on March 26, 2010.\nIt was nominated for four Emmy Awards, winning one for Outstanding Sound Mixing \u2013 Live Action and Animation.", "Q236300": "Theresa Elizabeth \"Teri\" Polo (born June 1, 1969) is an American actress. She starred as Pam Byrnes-Focker in the Meet the Parents trilogy. She was one of the stars of the sitcom I'm with Her (2003\u20132004), had a recurring role as Helen Santos on the political drama series The West Wing (2005\u20132006) and played the role of police officer Stef Adams Foster in the ABC Family series The Fosters (2013\u20132018) and its spinoff Good Trouble (2019).", "Q1252483": "Hoobastank (sometimes stylized as h\u221ebastank, and originally known as Hoobustank) is an American rock band formed in 1994 in Agoura Hills, California by lead vocalist Doug Robb, guitarist Dan Estrin, drummer Chris Hesse, and original bassist Markku Lappalainen. They were signed to Island Records from 2001 to 2012 and have released five albums and one extended play to date. Their sixth album, Push Pull, was released on May 25, 2018. They have sold 10 million albums worldwide. The band is best known for their singles \"Crawling in the Dark\", \"Running Away\", and \"The Reason\".\n\n", "Q267629": "Louise Bryant (December 5, 1885 \u2013 January 6, 1936) was an American feminist, political activist, and journalist best known for her sympathetic coverage of Russia and the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution. Bryant, who married fellow journalist John Reed (her second husband) in 1916, wrote about Russian leaders such as Katherine Breshkovsky, Maria Spiridonova, Alexander Kerensky, Vladimir Lenin, and Leon Trotsky. Her news stories, distributed by Hearst during and after her trips to Petrograd and Moscow, appeared in newspapers across the United States and Canada in the years immediately following World War I. A collection of articles from her first trip was published in 1918 as Six Red Months in Russia. Over the next year, she defended the revolution in testimony before the Overman Committee, a Senate subcommittee established to investigate Bolshevik influence in the United States. Later in 1919, she undertook a nationwide speaking tour to encourage public support of the Bolsheviks and to denounce armed U.S. intervention in Russia.\nBorn Anna Louise Mohan, as a young girl she began using the last name of her stepfather, Sheridan Bryant, in preference to that of her father. She grew up in rural Nevada and attended the University of Nevada in Reno and the University of Oregon in Eugene, graduating with a degree in history in 1909. Pursuing a career in journalism, she became society editor of the Spectator and freelanced for The Oregonian, newspapers in Portland, Oregon. During her years in that city (1909\u20131915), she became active in the women's suffrage movement. Leaving her first husband in 1915 to follow Reed to Greenwich Village, she formed friendships with leading feminists of the day, some of whom she met through Reed's associates at publications such as The Masses; at meetings of a women's group, Heterodoxy; and through work with the Provincetown Players. During a National Woman's Party suffrage rally in Washington, D.C., in 1919, she was arrested and spent three days in jail. Both she and Reed took lovers outside marriage; during her Greenwich Village years (1916\u20131920) for her these included the playwright Eugene O'Neill and the painter Andrew Dasburg.\nAfter Reed's death from typhus in 1920, Bryant continued to write for Hearst about Russia and also about Turkey, Hungary, Greece, Italy, and other countries in Europe and the Middle East. Some articles from this period were collected in 1923 under the title Mirrors of Moscow. Later that year she married William C. Bullitt, Jr., with whom she had her only child, Anne, the following year. Suffering in her later years from the rare and painful disorder adiposis dolorosa, Bryant did little writing or publishing in her last decade, and drank heavily. Bullitt, winning sole custody of Anne, divorced Bryant in 1930. Bryant died in Paris in 1936 and was buried in Versailles. In 1998, a group from Portland restored her grave, which had become neglected.", "Q1659721": "Bj\u00f8rn Fongaard (2 March 1919 in Oslo \u2013 26 October 1980 in Oslo) was a Norwegian composer, guitarist, and teacher. In addition to being concerned with microtonal and electronic music, he was perhaps the first to use the prepared guitar. \"Fongaard's output is considerable...Due to the partly experimental notation, these works have not become widely known.\"", "Q260146": "Joan Marie Severance (born December 23, 1958) is an American actress and former fashion model.", "Q3166681": "Jean-Louis Campora (born 1938) is a Monegasque physician, politician and businessman. He served as the president of AS Monaco FC, the national football club of Monaco, from 1975 to 2003, and as the president of the National Council from 1993 to 2003.", "Q11271476": "Tanpopo (\"The Dandelion\") is a Japanese novel by Yasunari Kawabata, written in 1964, but published complete only posthumously in 1972. Kawabata had commenced serializing his final novel in the literary magazine Shincho, but after winning the Nobel Prize for Literature in October 1968 he ceased all publishing activity. It has been published in French as Les pissenlits in 2012. The plot turns on the blindness of the girl Inako (\u7a32\u5b50), when making love to the boy Hisano (\u4e45\u91ce) and the conversations leading to the decision of the girl's mother to protect him from the girl, lest she harm him when she is blind.", "Q229220": "Maria Elena Bello (born April 18, 1967) is an American actress and writer. Her film roles include Permanent Midnight (1998), Payback (1999), Coyote Ugly (2000), The Cooler (2003), A History of Violence (2005), The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor (2008), Prisoners (2013), and Lights Out (2016). On television, Bello appeared as Dr. Anna Del Amico on the medical drama ER (1997\u20131998), with other starring roles including as Lucy Robbins on the series Touch in 2013, as Michelle McBride on the first season of the series Goliath in 2016, and since 2017 as Special Agent Jacqueline \"Jack\" Sloane on the series NCIS.", "Q190219": "The Labour Party (Bokm\u00e5l: Arbeiderpartiet; Nynorsk: Arbeidarpartiet; A/Ap), formerly the Norwegian Labour Party, is a social-democratic political party in Norway. It was the senior partner of the governing Red-Green Coalition from 2005\u201313, and its leader, Jens Stoltenberg, served as Prime Minister of Norway during that time. The party is currently led by Jonas Gahr St\u00f8re.\nThe Labour Party is officially committed to social democratic ideals. Its slogan since the 1930s has been \"everyone shall take part\", and the party traditionally seeks a strong welfare state, funded through taxes and duties. Since the 1980s, the party has included more of the principles of a social market economy in its policy, allowing for privatisation of state-owned assets and services and reducing income tax progressivity, following the wave of economic liberalisation during the 1980s. During the first Stoltenberg government, the party's policies were inspired by Tony Blair's New Labour agenda in the United Kingdom and saw the most widespread privatisation by any Norwegian government to that date. The party has frequently been described as increasingly neoliberal since the 1980s, both by political scientists and opponents on the left. The Labour Party profiles itself as a progressive party that subscribes to co-operation on a national as well as international level. Its youth wing is the Workers' Youth League. The party is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance. The Labour Party has always been a strong supporter of Norwegian NATO membership and has supported Norway joining the European Union during two referendums. During the Cold War, when the party was in government most of the time, the party closely aligned Norway with the United States at the international level and followed an anti-communist policy at the domestic level, in the aftermath of the 1948 Kr\u00e5ker\u00f8y speech and culminating in Norway becoming a founding member of NATO in 1949.Founded in 1887, the party steadily increased in support until it became the largest party in Norway at the 1927 election; a position it has held ever since. This year also saw the consolidation of conflicts surrounding the party during the 1920s following its membership in the Comintern from 1919\u201323. It first formed a government in 1928, and has led the government for all but sixteen years since 1935. From 1945 to 1961, the party had an absolute majority in the Norwegian parliament, to date the last time this has happened in the history of Norway. The electoral domination by the Labour Party, during the 1960s and early-1970s, was initially broken by competition from smaller left-wing parties; primarily from the Socialist People's Party. From the late-1970s however, the party started to lose voters due to a rise in right-wing parties, leading to a swing to the right for the Labour Party under Gro Harlem Brundtland during the 1980s. In 2001, the party achieved its worst results since the 1924 election. Between 2005\u201313, Labour returned to power after committing to a coalition agreement with other parties in order to form a majority government. Since losing nine seats at the 2013 election, Labour has been in opposition. The party lost a further six seats at the 2017 election, yielding the second-lowest number of seats Labour has held since 1924.", "Q3436533": "Robert Warren Miller (born May 23, 1933) is an American-born British billionaire, entrepreneur, co-founder of DFS (Duty Free Shops), and sailing champion. He is the father of Crown Princess Marie-Chantal of Greece, Alexandra Miller, and Pia Getty, dubbed by tabloids and high society as The Miller Sisters.", "Q770808": "Henri Polak (1868-1943) was a Dutch trade unionist and politician. Polak is best remembered as a longtime president of the General Diamond Workers' Union of the Netherlands (ANDB) and as a founder of the Dutch Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1894. Targeted as a Jew, a socialist, and a trade unionist, Polak was arrested by the Nazis in 1940 but died early in 1943 before he could be deported.", "Q187765": "Henry Valentine Miller (December 26, 1891 \u2013 June 7, 1980) was an American writer. He was known for breaking with existing literary forms and developing a new type of semi-autobiographical novel that blended character study, social criticism, philosophical reflection, stream of consciousness, explicit language, sex, surrealist free association, and mysticism. His most characteristic works of this kind are Tropic of Cancer, Black Spring, Tropic of Capricorn and The Rosy Crucifixion trilogy, which are based on his experiences in New York and Paris (all of which were banned in the United States until 1961). He also wrote travel memoirs and literary criticism, and painted watercolors.\n\n", "Q115207": "Hans Henninger (24 February 1905 \u2013 15 May 1937) was a German stage and film actor.\n\n", "Q78987": "An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals. The vibration occurs when a guitar player strums, plucks, fingerpicks, slaps or taps the strings. The pickup generally uses electromagnetic induction to create this signal, which being relatively weak is fed into a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker(s), which converts it into audible sound.\nThe electric signal can be electronically altered to change the timbre of the sound. Often, the signal is modified using effects such as reverb, distortion and \"overdrive\"; the latter is considered to be a key element of electric blues guitar music and rock guitar playing.\nInvented in 1932, the electric guitar was adopted by jazz guitar players, who wanted to play single-note guitar solos in large big band ensembles. Early proponents of the electric guitar on record include Les Paul, Lonnie Johnson, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, T-Bone Walker, and Charlie Christian. During the 1950s and 1960s, the electric guitar became the most important instrument in popular music. It has evolved into an instrument that is capable of a multitude of sounds and styles in genres ranging from pop and rock to country music, blues and jazz. It served as a major component in the development of electric blues, rock and roll, rock music, heavy metal music and many other genres of music.\nElectric guitar design and construction varies greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck, bridge, and pickups. Guitars may have a fixed bridge or a spring-loaded hinged bridge, which lets players \"bend\" the pitch of notes or chords up or down, or perform vibrato effects. The sound of an electric guitar can be modified by new playing techniques such as string bending, tapping, and hammering-on, using audio feedback, or slide guitar playing. \nThere are several types of electric guitar, including: the solid-body guitar; various types of hollow-body guitars; the six-string guitar (the most common type), which is usually tuned E, B, G, D, A, E, from highest to lowest strings; the seven-string guitar, which typically adds a low B string below the low E; the eight-string guitar, which typically adds a low E or F# string below the low B; and the twelve-string guitar, which has six pairs of strings.\nIn pop and rock music, the electric guitar is often used in two roles: as a rhythm guitar, which plays the chord sequences or progressions, and riffs, and sets the beat (as part of a rhythm section); and as a lead guitar, which provides instrumental melody lines, melodic instrumental fill passages, and solos. In a small group, such as a power trio, one guitarist switches between both roles. In large rock and metal bands, there is often a rhythm guitarist and a lead guitarist.", "Q92386": "Albrecht von Gr\u00e4fe, often Anglicized as Graefe (1 January 1868 \u2013 18 April 1933), was a German landowner and right-wing politician active both during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. Although never a member of the Nazi Party he was an early associate of Adolf Hitler and for a while appeared a credible rival for the leadership of the overall V\u00f6lkisch movement.\n\n", "Q69652": "Hundwil is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q1065283": "Charles Lapointe, (born July 17, 1944) is a Canadian businessman and former politician and public servant.Lapointe was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1974 federal election as a Liberal Member of Parliament for Charlevoix. He served as Canadian delegate to the United Nations General Assembly in 1976, and parliamentary secretary to the Transport minister from 1977 to 1979.\nHe was re-elected in the 1979 federal election that defeated the Liberal government. When the Liberals returned to power in the 1980 election, Lapointe was appointed by Prime Minister Trudeau to the cabinet as Minister of State for Small Businesses and Tourism.\nIn 1982, he became Minister of State for External Relations and, in 1983, he was promoted to Minister of Supply and Services and Receiver-General.\nWhen John Turner succeeded Trudeau as Liberal leader and prime minister in June 1984, he retained Lapointe as Minister of Supply and Services while giving him the additional portfolio of Minister of Public Works. The added responsibility was short-lived, however, as both the Liberal government and Lapointe were defeated in the subsequent fall federal election.\nReturning to private life, Lapointe became president of International Aeroplane Company, and then vice-president of business development for Lavalin. In 1989, he became president and chief executive officer of the Greater Montreal Convention and Tourism Bureau (Tourisme Montr\u00e9al), retaining the position until his retirement in 2013. In 2002, he also became chairman of the Canadian Tourism Commission.\nIn January 2007, as head of Tourism Montreal, he said the city was filthy and more should be done to make it tidy for visitors, leading Mayor G\u00e9rald Tremblay to ask for his resignation. Supported by many, Lapointe did not resign and continued in his current position.Lapointe was openly gay among his caucus colleagues, but never publicly spoke about his sexuality to the media, during his time in Parliament. With Tourisme Montr\u00e9al, however, beginning in 1994 he created a then-innovative campaign to increase the city's visibility as a gay tourism destination, building civic partnerships with LGBT community events such as Divers/Cit\u00e9 and the Black and Blue Festival, and culminating in the city's hosting of the World Outgames in 2006. In 2013 he received the Hanns Ebensten Hall of Fame Award from the International Gay and Lesbian Travel Association.", "Q76772": "Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz (6 October 1836 \u2013 23 January 1921) was a German anatomist, known for summarizing neuron theory and for naming the chromosome. He is also remembered by anatomical structures of the human body which were named after him: Waldeyer's tonsillar ring (the lymphoid tissue ring of the naso- and oropharynx) and Waldeyer's glands (of the eyelids).\n\n", "Q434994": "Kirsten Hansteen (5 January 1903 \u2013 17 November 1974) was a Norwegian editor and librarian. She was appointed Minister of Social Affairs with Gerhardsen's First Cabinet in 1945 and was the first female member of cabinet in Norway.", "Q656603": "Ji\u010d\u00edn (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u026at\u0283i\u02d0n]; German: Titschein, Gitschin or Jitschin; Latin: Gitmiacinum, Gitzinum; Polish: Jiczyn) is a town in the Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Region of the Czech Republic. It lies approximately 85 km northeast of Prague in the scenic region of the Bohemian Paradise (\u010cesk\u00fd r\u00e1j) under the Prachov Rocks (Prachovsk\u00e9 sk\u00e1ly).\nJi\u010d\u00edn has been declared a Municipal Reserve (m\u011bstsk\u00e1 pam\u00e1tkov\u00e1 rezervace) because of its well-preserved historical center, built around a rectangular square with a regular Gothic street layout, remnants of fortifications and arcade Renaissance and Baroque houses. The town is also connected with the popular fairy-tale character, Robin Hood-like robber Rumcajs.\nThe Battle of Gitschin was fought nearby during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866.", "Q157034": "Kru\u0161evo (Macedonian: \u041a\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043e, [\u02c8kru\u0283evo] (listen); Aromanian: Crushuva) is a town in North Macedonia. It is the highest town in North Macedonia, situated at an altitude of over 1350 m (4429 feet) above sea level. The town of Kru\u0161evo is the seat of Kru\u0161evo Municipality. The town is officially bilingual, Macedonian and Aromanian, hence both town names are official.", "Q950657": "Saadallah Wannous (Arabic: \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0633\u200e) (1941 \u2013 15 May 1997) was a Syrian playwright. He was born in the village of Hussein al-Bahr, near Tartous from the Alawites sect, where he received his early education. He studied journalism in Cairo, Egypt and later served as editor of the art and cultural sections of the Syrian paper Al-Baath and the Lebanese As-Safir. He also held for many years the directorship in the Music and Theater Administration of Syria. In the late Sixties, he traveled to Paris where he studied theater and encountered various currents, trends, and schools of European stage. His career as a playwright had begun in the early Sixties with several short (one-act) plays which were characterized by a display of his fundamental theme: the relationship between the individual and society and its authorities.", "Q369176": "Jos\u00e9 Alberto Iglesias (September 16, 1945 \u2013 May 19, 1972), better known as Tango or its diminutive Tanguito, was an Argentine rock singer-songwriter. Born into a working class family from western Greater Buenos Aires, he began his career in the early 1960s as the lead singer of the nueva ola group Los Dukes, which recorded two singles released on label Music Hall. In the late 1960s, he became a leading figure in the countercultural underground of Buenos Aires, a scene that gave birth to Argentine rock (known locally as rock nacional, Spanish for \"national rock\"), the earliest incarnation of Spanish-language rock. Tanguito is celebrated for co-writing Los Gatos' hit \"La balsa\", that catapulted the burgeoning rock nacional into massive popularity in the summer of 1967-68. This success led to a contract with RCA Victor which soon ended after the little impact of the 1968 single \"El hombre restante\". Tanguito later worked for Mandioca, Argentine rock's first independent record label founded by producers Jorge \u00c1lvarez and Pedro Puj\u00f3 in 1968. \nIn the early 1970s, his amphetamine addiction worsened and deeply damaged his career and personal life. He was arrested on several occasions and later hospitalized at the Hospital Borda, where he was subjected to electroshock therapy. In May 1972, he was declared legally insane and transferred to a prison for psychopaths. That same month, Tanguito escaped and lost his life under the San Mart\u00edn train. His only studio album, Tango, was posthumously released in 1973 and compiled his recordings for Mandioca between 1969 and 1970. The album turned Tanguito into a cult figure among suburban rock fans and installed the persistent myth that he had been the original author of \"La balsa\" and Litto Nebbia had taken advantage of his fragile state of mind. The musician later became a cultural icon as the subject of the 1993 film Tango Feroz, becoming the archetype of the tragic rock hero. In 2009, the archival album Yo soy Rams\u00e9s was released, which compiled unedited 1967 recordings for RCA Victor. In 2007, the Argentine edition of Rolling Stone ranked Tango fifty-sixth on its list of the \"100 Best Albums of Argentine Rock\".", "Q1644016": "Tommy Boy Entertainment is an American independent record label and multimedia brand founded in 1981 by Tom Silverman. The label is credited with launching the music careers of Queen Latifah, Afrika Bambaataa, Digital Underground, De La Soul, House of Pain, and Naughty By Nature, Force MDs. Tommy Boy is also credited with introducing genres such as EDM, Latin freestyle, and Latin hip hop to mainstream audiences in America.", "Q43911": "Penny Gold is a 1973 British drama film directed by Jack Cardiff and starring James Booth, Francesca Annis, Nicky Henson and Joss Ackland. The screenplay concerns two policemen who investigate a series of murders.", "Q65068": "Carina Nicolette Wiese (born 26 February 1968) is a German actress.", "Q193710": "Shaffer Chimere Smith (born October 18, 1979), better known by his stage name Ne-Yo, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and dancer. He gained fame for his songwriting abilities when he penned his 2004 hit \"Let Me Love You\" for singer Mario. The single's successful release in the United States prompted an informal meeting between Ne-Yo and Def Jam's label head and the signing of a recording contract.\nNe-Yo's debut solo single, \"Stay\", was released in 2005 to moderate success. His debut studio album, In My Own Words (2006), was critically and commercially successful, reaching number one on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States. It is certified platinum in the United States, United Kingdom, Japan and Australia and saw the success of the single \"So Sick\", which topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States.\nBecause of You (2007), Ne-Yo's second studio album, was the second number one platinum-selling album debuted on the Billboard 200 and Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts, and received the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Album at the 50th Grammy Awards. His third studio album, Year of the Gentleman (2008), saw continued success and further Grammy Award nominations for Best Contemporary R&B Album as well as Album of the Year. Its singles \"Closer\" and \"Miss Independent\" were also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance, Best Male R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song. Year of the Gentleman has been certified platinum twice in the US, selling two million copies, also platinum three times in the UK and once in Japan.\nLibra Scale (2010), Ne-Yo's fourth studio album, reached number one in the UK R&B Singles and Albums Charts and number nine on the US Billboard 200, seeing a decline in overall sales. His fifth studio album, R.E.D. (2012), saw the international success of its lead single \"Let Me Love You (Until You Learn to Love Yourself)\", which certified platinum in the United States and sold over two million copies. Ne-Yo's sixth studio album, Non-Fiction, followed in 2015. His seventh studio album, Good Man, was released on June 8, 2018. In addition to music, Ne-Yo currently serves as judge for the reality competition series World of Dance alongside Jennifer Lopez and Derek Hough.\n\n", "Q319491": "Shahid Kapoor (pronounced [\u0283a\u02d0\u0266\u026ad\u032a k\u0259\u02c8pu\u02d0r]; born 25 February 1981), is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi films. Initially recognised for portraying romantic roles, he has since taken on parts in action films and thrillers, and is the recipient of several awards, including three Filmfare Awards.\nThe son of actors Pankaj Kapur and Neelima Azeem, Kapoor was born in New Delhi. His parents separated when he was three, and he continued living with his mother. They moved to Mumbai when he was 10, where he joined Shiamak Davar's dance academy. Kapoor appeared as a background dancer in a few films of the 1990s, and was later featured in music videos and television commercials. He made his film debut in 2003 with a leading role in the romantic comedy Ishq Vishk, a sleeper hit for which he won a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut. He followed it with roles in several commercial failures before starring in Sooraj Barjatya's top-grossing family drama Vivah (2006).\nKapoor earned nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for portraying a troubled businessman in Imtiaz Ali's romantic comedy Jab We Met (2007) and twin brothers in Vishal Bhardwaj's thriller Kaminey (2009). After appearing in another series of unsuccessful films, he starred in the action film R... Rajkumar (2013). Kapoor received critical acclaim for portraying the Hamlet character in Bhardwaj's tragedy Haider (2014) and a drug abusing singer in the crime drama Udta Punjab (2016). For the former, he won a Filmfare Award for Best Actor and for the latter, he won a Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor. Kapoor's highest-grossing releases came with the period drama Padmaavat (2018) and the romantic drama Kabir Singh (2019).\nIn addition to acting, Kapoor supports charities, hosts award ceremonies, and has featured as a talent judge on the dance reality show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Reloaded (2015). He is married to the homemaker Mira Rajput, with whom he has two children.", "Q4864897": "Barry Ashlin Williamson (born June 19, 1957) is an attorney from Austin, Texas, who was from 1992 to 1999 a Republican member of the Texas Railroad Commission. In 1992, he defeated the appointed incumbent Lena Guerrero, a Democrat, to win a seat on the three-member panel which regulates oil and natural gas operations (not railroads).Williamson is the son of the former Alice Wicker, a native of Steele, Missouri, and Ashlin \"Tunney\" Williamson (1926\u20132011), a farmer and school board member who was born in Blytheville, Arkansas, but reared in Missouri. Barry Williamson himself was reared in Snow Lake in Desha County and in Elaine in Phillips County, both located along the Mississippi River in eastern Arkansas. Williamson and his wife, the former Holly Holt, have two sons, Holt Williamson and Ashlin Williamson. Williamson has three sisters, Jan W. Dunkerson of Rose Bud, Arkansas, Karen W. Tepovich of Houston, Texas, and Alecia W. Lybrand of Soldonta, Alaska. A brother, Tracy Williamson, is deceased.Williamson did not seek a second term on the Railroad Commission in 1998, but he instead ran unsuccessfully in the Republican primary for Texas attorney general. He lost a runoff election to John Cornyn. A third candidate eliminated in the primary was Tom Pauken, the former state party chairman. Cornyn then defeated the Democratic former attorney general Jim Mattox in the 1998 general election.\nIn 2010, Williamson served as campaign chairman for Republican Railroad Commission nominee David J. Porter, a Certified Public Accountant from Midland and Giddings, who upset incumbent Victor G. Carrillo of Abilene, Texas, in the party primary. Porter then defeated the Democrat Jeff Weems in the general election held on November 2, 2010. Williamson formerly resided in Midland and Dallas, Texas.", "Q80782": "Kevin Rankin (born April 18, 1976) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Herc in the NBC series Friday Night Lights, Tyler Briggs in the NBC series Trauma, Roe Sanders in the CBS series Unforgettable, Kenny in the AMC series Breaking Bad, and Derek \"Devil\" Lennox in the FX TV series Justified.", "Q264320": "Seychelle Suzanne Gabriel (born March 25, 1991) is an American actress. On television, she portrayed Lourdes Delgado in Falling Skies (2011\u20132014) and voiced Asami Sato in The Legend of Korra (2012\u20132014). She has also appeared in the films The Spirit (2008), The Last Airbender (2010), Honey 2 (2011), Sleight (2016), and Blood Fest (2018).", "Q74165": "Dr. Sylvia-Yvonne Kaufmann (born 23 January 1955) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2004 until 2019. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.\nKaufmann is a qualified Japanologist. She was Deputy Chairman of the PDS 1993-2000 and sat in the Volkskammer of the German Democratic Republic before reunification and the Bundestag thereafter.\nFrom 20 July 2004 to January 2007 Kaufmann served as one of the 14 Vice-Presidents of the European Parliament.\nOn 14 May 2009 she left the Left Party after she failed to be reselected for the list of candidates for the European elections and joined the Social Democrats.\nKaufmann is member of the executive board of Europa-Union Deutschland, the German section of the Union of European Federalists.", "Q14849": "Pirmasens is an independent town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, near the border with France. It was famous for the manufacture of shoes. The surrounding rural district was called Landkreis Pirmasens from 1818 until 1997, when it was renamed to S\u00fcdwestpfalz.\nPirmasens can be easily mistaken with Primasens, of which means a first sense in Latin-derived languages (First sense in Latin would be \"primus sensus\").", "Q57794": "Bidzina Ivanishvili (Georgian: \u10d1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, also known as Boris Ivanishvili; born 18 February 1956) is a Georgian politician, billionaire businessman and philanthropist, who was Prime Minister of Georgia from October 2012 to November 2013.\nIvanishvili founded the Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia party on 21 April 2012. He became the leader of the coalition of opposition parties that he himself had created, which attained victory in the 2012 2012 parliamentary elections. On 25 October 2012, he was elected as the prime minister of Georgia. On 20 November 2013, Ivanishvili voluntarily left the post of prime minister on the basis of an earlier statement and returned to the civil sector. In 2018, he returned to politics and was elected as the chairman of the Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia party.Bidzina Ivanishvili is citizen of Georgia, latter granted by Saakashvili. In March 2010, Ivanishvili was granted another French citizenship. In October 2011, he was deprived of his Georgian citizenship \"according to Article 32 of the Georgian Law on Citizenship\", shortly after he had announced his intention to form a political party to challenge Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili.In March 2012, Ivanishvili was ranked at number 153 in Forbes magazine's annual list of the world's billionaires with an estimated worth of $6.4 billion, making him Georgia's richest person.", "Q259937": "Alligator is a 1980 American monster horror film directed by Lewis Teague and written by John Sayles. It stars Robert Forster, Robin Riker and Michael V. Gazzo. It also includes an appearance by actress Sue Lyon in her last screen role.\nSet in Chicago, the film follows a police officer and a reptile expert to track a giant murderous sewer alligator, flushed down the toilet years earlier, that is attacking residents after escaping from the sewers.\nThe film received praise from critics for its intentional satirizing. A direct-to-video sequel was released in 1991, entitled Alligator II: The Mutation. Despite the title, this film shared no characters or actors with the original, and the plot was essentially a retread of the first film. A tabletop game based on the film was distributed by the Ideal Toy Company in 1980.", "Q77444": "Wilhelm Hermann Jensen (15 February 1837 \u2013 24 November 1911) was a German writer and poet.", "Q851213": "Electronic dance music (EDM), also known as dance music, club music, or simply dance, is a broad range of percussive electronic music genres made largely for nightclubs, raves and festivals. It is generally produced for playback by DJs who create seamless selections of tracks, called a mix, by segueing from one recording to another. EDM producers also perform their music live in a concert or festival setting in what is sometimes called a live PA.\nIn the late 1980s and early 1990s, following the emergence of raving, pirate radios and an upsurge of interest in club culture, EDM achieved widespread mainstream popularity in Europe. In the United States at that time, acceptance of dance culture was not universal; although both electro and Chicago house music were influential both in Europe and the United States, mainstream media outlets and the record industry remained openly hostile to it. There was also a perceived association between EDM and drug culture, which led governments at state and city level to enact laws and policies intended to halt the spread of rave culture.Subsequently, in the new millennium, the popularity of EDM increased globally, largely in Australia and the United States. By the early 2010s, the term \"electronic dance music\" and the initialism \"EDM\" was being pushed by the American music industry and music press in an effort to rebrand American rave culture. Despite the industry's attempt to create a specific EDM brand, the initialism remains in use as an umbrella term for multiple genres, including dance-pop, house, techno, trance, drum and bass, dubstep, trap and footwork as well as their respective subgenres.", "Q697": "Nauru ( nah-OO-roo or NOW-roo; Nauruan: Naoero), officially the Republic of Nauru (Nauruan: Repubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country in Micronesia, a subregion of Oceania, in the Central Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in Kiribati, 300 km (190 mi) to the east. It further lies northwest of Tuvalu, 1,300 km (810 mi) northeast of the Solomon Islands, east-northeast of Papua New Guinea, southeast of the Federated States of Micronesia and south of the Marshall Islands. With only a 21 km2 (8.1 sq mi) area, Nauru is the third-smallest country in the world behind Vatican City, and Monaco, making it the smallest state in the South Pacific Ocean, the smallest state outside Europe, the smallest island state, and the smallest republic. Additionally, its population of 10,670 is the world's third smallest, after Vatican City and Tuvalu.\nSettled by people from Micronesia and Polynesia c.\u2009 1000 BC, Nauru was annexed and claimed as a colony by the German Empire in the late 19th century. After World War I, Nauru became a League of Nations mandate administered by Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. During World War II, Nauru was occupied by Japanese troops, and was bypassed by the Allied advance across the Pacific. After the war ended, the country entered into United Nations trusteeship. Nauru gained its independence in 1968, and became a member of the Pacific Community (SPC) in 1969.\nNauru is a phosphate-rock island with rich deposits near the surface, which allowed easy strip mining operations. Its remaining phosphate resources are not economically viable for extraction. When the phosphate reserves were exhausted, and the island's environment had been seriously harmed by mining, the trust that had been established to manage the island's wealth diminished in value. To earn income, Nauru briefly became a tax haven and illegal money laundering centre. From 2001 to 2008, and again from 2012, it accepted aid from the Australian Government in exchange for hosting the Nauru Regional Processing Centre, an offshore Australian immigration detention facility. As a result of heavy dependence on Australia, some sources have identified Nauru as a client state of Australia. The sovereign state is a member of the United Nations, Pacific Islands Forum, Commonwealth of Nations and the African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States.", "Q1306950": "Gerardo N\u00fa\u00f1ez D\u00edaz (born 29 June 1961) is a Spanish guitarist and composer. His roots are in flamenco but he has played fusion and jazz.", "Q3336032": "Narayana Rao Kocherlakota (born October 12, 1963) is an American economist and is the Lionel W. McKenzie Professor of Economics at the University of Rochester. Previously, he served as the 12th president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis until December 31, 2015. Appointed in 2009, he joined the Federal Open Markets Committee in 2011. In 2012, he was named one of the top 100 Global Thinkers by Foreign Policy magazine.", "Q37060": "Jos\u00e9 de Sousa Saramago, GColSE (Portuguese: [\u0292u\u02c8z\u025b \u00f0\u0268 \u02c8soz\u0250 s\u0250\u027e\u0250\u02c8ma\u0263u]; 16 November 1922 \u2013 18 June 2010), was a Portuguese writer and recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature. His works, some of which can be seen as allegories, commonly present subversive perspectives on historic events, emphasizing the theopoetic human factor. In 2003 Harold Bloom described Saramago as \"the most gifted novelist alive in the world today\" and in 2010 said he considers Saramago to be \"a permanent part of the Western canon\", while James Wood praises \"the distinctive tone to his fiction because he narrates his novels as if he were someone both wise and ignorant.\" Bloom and Saramago met when Saramago presented Bloom with an honorary degree from the University of Coimbra; according to Bloom: \"A warm acquaintanceship ensued, marked by an exegetical disagreement concerning The Gospel According to Jesus Christ, which continued in correspondence and at a later meeting in New York City\".More than two million copies of Saramago's books have been sold in Portugal alone and his work has been translated into 25 languages. A proponent of libertarian communism, Saramago criticized institutions such as the Catholic Church, the European Union and the International Monetary Fund. An atheist, he defended love as an instrument to improve the human condition. In 1992, the Government of Portugal under Prime Minister An\u00edbal Cavaco Silva ordered the removal of one of his works, The Gospel According to Jesus Christ, from the Aristeion Prize's shortlist, claiming the work was religiously offensive. Disheartened by this political censorship of his work, Saramago went into exile on the Spanish island of Lanzarote, where he lived until his death in 2010.Saramago was a founding member of the National Front for the Defense of Culture in Lisbon in 1992, and co-founder with Orhan Pamuk, of the European Writers' Parliament (EWP).", "Q71035": "August Ritter (11 December 1826, in L\u00fcneburg \u2013 26 February 1908, in L\u00fcneburg) was a German civil engineer.", "Q526412": "Lijia Zhang or Zhang Lijia (born in May 1, 1964 in Nanjing) is a writer, journalist and public speaker. She describes herself as a communicator between China and the world and has given talks at conferences about contemporary China and lectured at many top universities including Stanford and Harvard and the University of Sydney.\nEarly in life she wanted to become a writer. At the age of 16 she had to start working in a factory instead of finishing her promising school career. During the decade at the factory she taught herself English.In 2003 she was able to attend Goldsmiths, University of London, England to study creative writing. Her articles have been published in many newspapers and magazines. She co-authored China Remembers (OUP, 1999) and her memoir 'Socialism is Great!' A Worker's Memoir of The New China, is published by Atlas & Co. and Random House and has been translated into seven languages. During the 2008 Beijing Olympics, she served as a producer for the BBC crew reporting the games. She was the subject of a BBC TV documentary Peschardt's People. Sponsored by the US State Department, she was a fellow on the University of Iowa's International Writing Program in 2009. Her first novel, Lotus, about prostitution set in modern day Shenzhen, was published in 2017.She is a regular guest on ABC, BBC and CNN.\nZhang was married to Calum MacLeod, a reporter for USA Today. She currently lives in Beijing with her two daughters.", "Q1420500": "Swansea University (Welsh: Prifysgol Abertawe) is a public research university located in Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom. It was chartered as University College of Swansea in 1920, as the fourth college of the University of Wales. In 1996, it changed its name to the University of Wales Swansea following structural changes within the University of Wales. The title of Swansea University was formally adopted on 1 September 2007 when the University of Wales became a non-membership confederal institution and the former members became universities in their own right.Swansea University has 8 colleges spread across its two campuses which are located on the coastline of Swansea Bay. The Singleton Park Campus is set in the grounds of Singleton Park to the west of Swansea city centre. The \u00a3450 million Bay Campus, which opened in September 2015, is located adjacent to Jersey Marine Beach to the east of Swansea city centre which is in the Neath Port Talbot Area.\nIt is the third largest university in Wales in terms of number of students. It currently offers about 330 undergraduate courses and 120 post-graduate courses to 20,620 undergraduate and postgraduate students. In 2014 Swansea was named University of the Year in the WhatUni.com Student Choice Awards and shortlisted in the same category in the Times Higher Education awards.In 2016, Swansea University was named as the best university in Wales by The Times and The Sunday Times Good University Guide 2017 League Table. It was also awarded the inaugural Welsh University of the Year title.In 2017, Hillary Rodham Clinton received an honorary doctorate at Swansea University and unveiled a commemorative stone to mark the renaming of the College of Law to the Hillary Rodham Clinton School of Law.", "Q66549": "Pfeffingen (Swiss German: Pf\u00e4ffige) is a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q560447": "Herbert H. Kohl (born February 7, 1935) is an American businessman and politician. Alongside the help of his brother and father, the Kohl family created the Kohl's Department Stores chain and Kohl went on to be president and CEO of Kohl's. Kohl is a former United States Senator from Wisconsin and a member of the Democratic Party. Kohl is also a billionaire and the former owner of the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association. He chose not to seek re-election in 2012 and was succeeded by fellow Democrat Tammy Baldwin.", "Q190231": "Adam Mitchel Lambert (born January 29, 1982) is an American singer, songwriter and actor. Since 2009, he has sold over 3 million albums and 5 million singles worldwide.Lambert rose to fame in 2009 after finishing as runner-up on the eighth season of American Idol. Later that year, he released his debut album, For Your Entertainment, which debuted at number three on the U.S. Billboard 200. The album spawned several singles, including \"Whataya Want from Me\", for which he received a Grammy nomination for \"Best Male Pop Vocal Performance\".In 2012, Lambert released his second studio album, Trespassing. The album premiered at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, making him the first openly gay artist to top the album charts. In 2015, Lambert released his third album, The Original High, which debuted at number three on the U.S. Billboard 200 and produced the single \"Ghost Town\".Alongside his solo career, Lambert has collaborated with rock band Queen as lead vocalist for Queen + Adam Lambert since 2011, including several worldwide tours from 2014 to 2020.", "Q1995054": "Jarkko Oikarinen (born 16 August 1967) is a Finnish IT professional and the inventor of the first Internet chat network, called Internet Relay Chat (IRC), where he is known as WiZ.", "Q454090": "Claron McFadden (born 1961) is an American soprano. McFadden studied voice at the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York, finishing her degree in 1984.\nShe gained international fame when making her Glyndebourne Festival Opera debut in the title role of the opera Lulu, conducted by Sir Andrew Davis.\nAs well as singing many of the major oratorio works, McFadden became particularly world-famous for her interpretation of modern and contemporary music.\nMcFadden is currently based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.", "Q7209047": "Polar Shift is the sixth book in the NUMA Files series of books co-written by best-selling author Clive Cussler and Paul Kemprecos, and was published in 2005. The main character of this series is Kurt Austin.\nIn this novel geologic polar shift is connected with magnetic polar shift, based on the supposed theories of Laszlo Kovacs, a student of real life Nikola Tesla.", "Q381390": "Andrei Alekseevich Amalrik (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0440\u0438\u043a, 12 May 1938, Moscow \u2013 12 November 1980, Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain), alternatively spelled Andrei or Andrey, was a Russian writer and dissident.\nAmalrik was best known in the Western world for his essay, Will the Soviet Union Survive Until 1984?", "Q238305": "Angela Michelle Harmon (born August 10, 1972) is an American actress and model. She is known for her role as Ronica Miles in Agent Cody Banks and was a professional model before gaining international fame for her roles in Baywatch Nights and as New York A.D.A. Abbie Carmichael on Law & Order. She also starred as Detective Jane Rizzoli on the TNT series Rizzoli & Isles.", "Q165910": "Andr\u00e9 Isaac (August 15, 1893 Ch\u00e2lons-sur-Marne, France \u2013 February 9, 1975 Paris, France), better known as Pierre Dac, was a French humorist. During World War II, Pierre Dac was one of the speakers of the BBC's Radio Londres service to occupied France. He produced a series of satirical songs which were broadcast on the station. After the war, he participated in a comic duet with the humorist Francis Blanche.\nA very active freemason, initiated in 1926 at \"Les Ins\u00e9parables d'Osiris\" lodge in Paris, he created a parodic and slang masonic rite \"Le rite des Voyous\" still practiced in some French lodges.\nDac is also the creator of the comic term \"Schmilblick.\"", "Q302927": "Carry On Dick is a 1974 British comedy film, the 26th release in the series of 31 Carry On films (1958\u20131992). The story is based on the Dick Turpin legend and features Turpin (James) as an antihero, attempting to evade capture by the authorities.\nCarry On Dick was released in July 1974 and marked the end of an era for the series. It features the last appearances of Sid James (after nineteen appearances in the series), Hattie Jacques (fourteen appearances) and Barbara Windsor (nine appearances), although all three would appear in the Carry On Laughing TV series and Windsor would co-present a film compilation, That's Carry On!. It was the first of two Carry On appearances for Sam Kelly and the final Carry On film for Margaret Nolan (six appearances) and Bill Maynard (five appearances). It was the 20th and final Carry On to be scripted by Talbot Rothwell. Other regulars in Carry On Dick were Kenneth Williams, Bernard Bresslaw, Joan Sims, Kenneth Connor, Peter Butterworth and Jack Douglas.", "Q171965": "Luhansk Oblast (Ukrainian: \u041b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c, translit. Luhan\u015bka oblastj, Russian: \u041b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c, translit. Luganskaja oblastj; also referred to as Luhanshchyna, Ukrainian: \u041b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430, romanized: Luhan\u0161\u010dyna) is the easternmost oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its administrative center is Luhansk. The oblast was established in 1938 and bore the name Voroshilovgrad Oblast (until 1958 and again 1970 to 1990) in honor of Kliment Voroshilov. Its population is 2,239,500 (as of September 1, 2014).Important cities within the oblast include Alchevsk, Antratsyt, Brianka, Kirovsk, Krasnyi Luch, Krasnodon, Lysychansk, Luhansk, Pervomaisk, Rovenky, Rubizhne, Sverdlovsk, Sievierodonetsk, Stakhanov.\nThe War in Donbass caused the administrative center of the oblast to be relocated to Sievierodonetsk.", "Q2536140": "V\u00edctor Israel born Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Soler Vilanova (13 June 1929 \u2013 19 September 2009) was a Spanish (Catalan) film actor. He appeared in more than 140 films, beginning in 1961. He died on 19 September 2009 aged 80 in Barcelona.", "Q328664": "David Bromberg (born September 19, 1945) is an American multi-instrumentalist, singer, and songwriter. An eclectic artist, Bromberg plays bluegrass, blues, folk, jazz, country and western, and rock and roll. He is known for his quirky, humorous lyrics, and the ability to play rhythm and lead guitar at the same time.\nBromberg has played with many famous musicians, including Jerry Jeff Walker, Willie Nelson, Jorma Kaukonen, Jerry Garcia, Rusty Evans (The Deep) and Bob Dylan. He co-wrote the song \"The Holdup\" with former Beatle George Harrison, who played on Bromberg's self-titled 1972 album.\nIn 2008, he was nominated for a Grammy Award. Bromberg is known for his fingerpicking style that he learned from Reverend Gary Davis.", "Q223043": "A Patch of Blue is a 1965 American drama film directed by Guy Green about the friendship between an educated black man (played by Sidney Poitier) and an illiterate, blind, white, 18-year-old girl (played by Elizabeth Hartman), and the problems that plague their friendship in a racially divided America. Made in 1965 against the backdrop of the growing civil rights movement, the film explores racism while playing on the idea that \"love is blind.\"\nShelley Winters won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, her second win for the award, following her victory in 1959 for The Diary of Anne Frank. It was the final screen appearance for veteran actor Wallace Ford.\nScenes of Poitier and Hartman kissing were excised from the film when it was shown in film theaters in the Southern United States. These scenes are intact in the DVD version. According to the DVD audio commentary, it was the decision of director Guy Green that A Patch of Blue be filmed in black and white although color was available.\nThe film was adapted by Guy Green from the 1961 book Be Ready with Bells and Drums by the Australian author Elizabeth Kata. The book later won a Writers Guild of America award. The plot differs slightly from the film in that it has a less optimistic ending. \nIn addition to the Best Supporting Actress win for Winters, the film was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actress in a Leading Role (Elizabeth Hartman), Best Art Direction-Set Decoration (Black-and-White) (George Davis, Urie McCleary, Henry Grace, Charles S. Thompson), Best Cinematography (Black-and-White) and Best Music (Original Music Score). Hartman, 22 at the time, was the youngest Best Actress nominee, a record she held for 10 years before 20-year-old Isabelle Adjani broke her record in 1975.\n\n", "Q2595827": "Darius Guppy (born June 1964) is a British-Iranian businessman, known for his part in an insurance fraud of 1993 involving a faked robbery. He is also known for his friendships with the Earl Spencer and Boris Johnson.", "Q55183": "Susan Diane Wojcicki ( wuu-CHITS-kee; born July 5, 1968) is an American technology executive. She has been the CEO of YouTube since February 2014.Wojcicki was involved in the founding of Google, and became Google's first marketing manager in 1999. She later led the company's online advertising business and was put in charge of Google's original video service. After observing the success of YouTube, Wojcicki proposed the acquisition of YouTube by Google in 2006.\nWojcicki has an estimated net worth of nearly $500 million.", "Q641357": "Avant-garde metal (also known as avant-metal and experimental metal) is a subgenre of heavy metal music loosely defined by use of experimentation and innovative, avant-garde elements, including non-standard and unconventional sounds, instruments, song structures, playing styles, and vocal techniques. Avant-garde metal is influenced by progressive rock and extreme metal, particularly death metal, and is closely related to progressive metal. Some local scenes include Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay Area, Boston, and Seattle in the United States, Oslo in Norway, and Tokyo in Japan.", "Q503862": "Naantali (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8n\u0251\u02d0nt\u0251li]; Swedish: N\u00e5dendal) is a town in south-western Finland, known as one of the most important tourist centres of the country. The municipality has a population of 19,250\n(31 January 2019), and is located in the region of Southwest Finland, 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) west of Turku.\nThe town encompasses a land area of 311.50 square kilometres (120.27 sq mi). Most of this area is located on the islands, but the majority of the population lives on the mainland. Most of the islands are covered with forest and farmland, while the mainland consists chiefly of residential areas.", "Q213180": "Maidstone is a town in Kent, England, of which it is the county town. Maidstone is historically important and lies 32 miles (51 km) east-south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town, linking it with Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river carried much of the town's trade as the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of settlement in the area dating back before the Stone Age. The town, part of the borough of Maidstone, had a population of 113,137 in 2011. There has been a shift in the town's economy since the Second World War away from heavy industry towards light industry and services.", "Q65040": "Neftenbach is a municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. Besides the village of Neftenbach itself, the municipality includes the settlements of H\u00fcnikon, Aesch, Riet and Irchelh\u00f6fen.", "Q43939": "Saint Anselm of Canterbury (; 1033/4\u20131109), also called Anselm of Aosta (Italian: Anselmo d'Aosta) after his birthplace and Anselm of Bec (French: Anselme du Bec) after his monastery, was an Italian Benedictine monk, abbot, philosopher and theologian of the Catholic Church, who held the office of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109. After his death, he was canonized as a saint; his feast day is 21 April.\nAs archbishop, he defended the church's interests in England amid the Investiture Controversy. For his resistance to the English kings William II and Henry I, he was exiled twice: once from 1097 to 1100 and then from 1105 to 1107. While in exile, he helped guide the Greek bishops of southern Italy to adopt Roman rites at the Council of Bari. He worked for the primacy of Canterbury over the bishops of York and Wales but, though at his death he appeared to have been successful, Pope Paschal II later reversed himself and restored York's independence.\n\n", "Q1387": "Rhode Island ( (listen), like road), officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh least populous, but it is also the second most densely populated. Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west, Massachusetts to the north and east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound. It also shares a small maritime border with New York. Providence is the state capital and most populous city in Rhode Island.\nOn May 4, 1776, the Colony of Rhode Island was the first of the Thirteen Colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown, and it was the fourth state to ratify the Articles of Confederation, doing so on February 9, 1778. The state boycotted the 1787 convention which drew up the United States Constitution and initially refused to ratify it; it was the last of the original 13 states to do so on May 29, 1790.Rhode Island's official nickname is \"The Ocean State\", a reference to the large bays and inlets that amount to about 14 percent of its total area.", "Q743232": "Melvin Taylor (born March 13, 1959, Jackson, Mississippi) is an American electric blues guitarist, based in Chicago.", "Q9903": "The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by Han Chinese. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the Shun dynasty, soon replaced by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty), numerous rump regimes loyal to the Ming throne \u2013 collectively called the Southern Ming \u2013 survived until 1662.The Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368\u20131398) attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the navy's dockyards in Nanjing were the largest in the world. He also took great care breaking the power of the court eunuchs and unrelated magnates, enfeoffing his many sons throughout China and attempting to guide these princes through the Huang-Ming Zuxun, a set of published dynastic instructions. This failed when his teenage successor, the Jianwen Emperor, attempted to curtail his uncles' power, prompting the Jingnan Campaign, an uprising that placed the Prince of Yan upon the throne as the Yongle Emperor in 1402. The Yongle Emperor established Yan as a secondary capital and renamed it Beijing, constructed the Forbidden City, and restored the Grand Canal and the primacy of the imperial examinations in official appointments. He rewarded his eunuch supporters and employed them as a counterweight against the Confucian scholar-bureaucrats. One, Zheng He, led seven enormous voyages of exploration into the Indian Ocean as far as Arabia and the eastern coasts of Africa.\nThe rise of new emperors and new factions diminished such extravagances; the capture of the Zhengtong Emperor during the 1449 Tumu Crisis ended them completely. The imperial navy was allowed to fall into disrepair while forced labor constructed the Liaodong palisade and connected and fortified the Great Wall of China into its modern form. Wide-ranging censuses of the entire empire were conducted decennially, but the desire to avoid labor and taxes and the difficulty of storing and reviewing the enormous archives at Nanjing hampered accurate figures. Estimates for the late-Ming population vary from 160 to 200 million, but necessary revenues were squeezed out of smaller and smaller numbers of farmers as more disappeared from the official records or \"donated\" their lands to tax-exempt eunuchs or temples. Haijin laws intended to protect the coasts from \"Japanese\" pirates instead turned many into smugglers and pirates themselves.\nBy the 16th century, however, the expansion of European trade \u2013 albeit restricted to islands near Guangzhou such as Macau \u2013 spread the Columbian Exchange of crops, plants, and animals into China, introducing chili peppers to Sichuan cuisine and highly productive maize and potatoes, which diminished famines and spurred population growth. The growth of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch trade created new demand for Chinese products and produced a massive influx of Japanese and American silver. This abundance of specie remonetized the Ming economy, whose paper money had suffered repeated hyperinflation and was no longer trusted. While traditional Confucians opposed such a prominent role for commerce and the newly rich it created, the heterodoxy introduced by Wang Yangming permitted a more accommodating attitude. Zhang Juzheng's initially successful reforms proved devastating when a slowdown in agriculture produced by the Little Ice Age joined changes in Japanese and Spanish policy that quickly cut off the supply of silver now necessary for farmers to be able to pay their taxes. Combined with crop failure, floods, and epidemic, the dynasty collapsed before the rebel leader Li Zicheng, who was defeated by the Manchu-led Eight Banner armies who founded the Qing dynasty.", "Q73622": "Futurama is an American adult animated science-fiction sitcom created by Matt Groening that aired on Fox from March 28, 1999 to August 10, 2003 and on Comedy Central from March 23, 2008 to September 4, 2013. The series follows the adventures of slacker Philip J. Fry, who is cryogenically preserved for 1000 years and is revived in the 31st century. Fry finds work at an interplanetary delivery company, working alongside the one-eyed Turanga Leela and robot Bender Bending Rodriguez. The series was envisioned by Groening in the mid-1990s while working on The Simpsons; he brought David X. Cohen aboard to develop storylines and characters to pitch the show to Fox.\nFollowing its initial cancellation by Fox, Futurama began airing reruns on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim programming block, which lasted from 2003 to 2007. It was revived that year as four direct-to-video films, the last of which was released in early 2009. Comedy Central entered into an agreement with 20th Century Fox Television to syndicate the existing episodes and air the films as 16 new, half-hour episodes, constituting a fifth season.In June 2009, Comedy Central picked up the show for 26 new half-hour episodes, which began airing in 2010 and 2011. The show was renewed for a final, seventh season, with the first half airing in 2012 and the second in 2013. An audio-only episode featuring the original cast members was released in 2017 as an episode of The Nerdist Podcast.Futurama was nominated for 17 Annie Awards, winning seven, and 12 Emmy Awards, winning six. It was nominated four times for a Writers Guild of America Award, winning for the episodes \"Godfellas\" and \"The Prisoner of Benda\". It was nominated for a Nebula Award and received Environmental Media Awards for the episodes \"The Problem with Popplers\" and \"The Futurama Holiday Spectacular\". Merchandise includes a tie-in comic book series, video games, calendars, clothes and figurines. In 2013, TV Guide ranked Futurama one of the top 60 Greatest TV Cartoons of All Time.", "Q382841": "The Boat Is Full (German: Das Boot ist voll) is a 1981 German-language Swiss film directed by Markus Imhoof. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film as a Swiss submission. It was also entered into the 31st Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Bear for an outstanding single achievement.", "Q534016": "Rudolf Frommer (fegyverneki Frommer Rudolf; 8 August 1868 \u2013 1936) was a Hungarian weapon designer. He was raised to the Hungarian nobility with the pre-name 'fegyverneki' by Franz Joseph I for his achievements in weapons design. He had over 100 patents, among them was the Frommer Stop and the 37M.", "Q702508": "Wilber Pan (traditional Chinese: \u6f58\u744b\u67cf; simplified Chinese: \u6f58\u73ae\u67cf; pinyin: P\u0101n W\u011bib\u00f3; Pe\u030dh-\u014de-j\u012b: Phoa\u207f \u00dai-peh; born 6 August 1980), also known as Will Pan, is a Taiwanese-American singer, songwriter, rapper, actor and entrepreneur. He started his career as a host of Channel V programs. In 2011, Pan was awarded Best Actor for Endless Love (\u611b\u221e\u7121\u9650) at the 46th Golden Bell Awards, Taiwan's equivalent to the Emmy Awards.In recent years, Pan ventured into the business world. Pan's business interests extends into streetwear fashion and developing of mobile games. In 2009, he launched the streetwear boutique N.P.C (New Project Center) which he collaborated with Chinese host Nic Li, in Shanghai. N.P.C also has its stores in Beijing, Hangzhou, Chengdu, and at online shopping website Taobao. In 2010, Pan established his streetwear brand \"Undisputed\" and modelled for the brand's promotional ads. He is also the co-founder and chief creative officer of software company Camigo Media which develops popular mobile games such as \"Fish Off\", \"Pig Rockets\" and \"MeWantBamboo 2\", that has achieved over 20 million downloads to date.In April 2013, Pan was ranked 76th on 2013 Forbes China Celebrity 100 list, and 44th on the income list which was based on his estimated earnings of $31.9 million yuan in 2012.", "Q1143278": "Twickenham is a suburban town in West London, England. It lies on the River Thames and is 10 miles (16 km) west-southwest of Charing Cross, 2 miles (3.2 km) south-east of Hounslow, and 2.6 miles (4.2 km) north-west of Kingston upon Thames. Historically part of Middlesex, it has formed part of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames since 1965. The population of the town, including its localities St Margarets and Whitton, was 62,148 as of 2011.Twickenham has an extensive town centre and is famous for being the home of rugby union in England, with hundreds of thousands of spectators visiting Twickenham Stadium, the world's largest rugby stadium, each year. The historic riverside area is famous for its network of 18th-century buildings and pleasure grounds, many of which survive intact. This area has three grand period mansions with public access: York House, Marble Hill and Strawberry Hill House. Another has been lost, that belonging to 18th-century aphoristic poet Alexander Pope. Among these is the Neo-Gothic prototype home of Horace Walpole which has given its name to a whole district, Strawberry Hill, and is linked with the oldest Roman Catholic university in the country, St Mary's University.", "Q2634937": "Alexander Kartveli, born Aleksandre Kartvelishvili, (Georgian: \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8) (September 9, 1896 \u2013 June 20, 1974) was an influential aircraft engineer and a pioneer in the United States. Kartveli achieved important breakthroughs in military aviation in the time of turbojet fighters.", "Q4542229": "Joan of France (French: Jeanne de France; born and died 24 June 1556) was the twin sister of Victoria of France and the last child born to King Henry II of France and his wife, Catherine de' Medici.\nCatherine's confinement for this birth came on 24 June 1556. Joan did not survive and lay dead in her mother's womb for several hours. Eventually, her arm had to be broken to extricate her. Her sister Victoria survived but died a month later.\nBecause the twins' birth nearly cost their mother her life, the king's physician advised the king that there should be no more children; therefore, the king stopped visiting his wife's bedroom and spent all his time with his longtime mistress, Diane de Poitiers.", "Q121834": "Godehard Link is a professor of logic and philosophy of science at the University of Munich.\n\n", "Q63357": "Konrad Ernst Ackermann (1 February 1710 \u2013 13 November 1771) was a German actor.\nAckermann first accompanied field marshal Burkhard Christoph von M\u00fcnnich on his travels and in battles. Born in Schwerin, he first entered the stage under a certain Stolle. In 1740 he entered the troupe of Johann Friedrich Sch\u00f6nemann in L\u00fcneburg, where he first met his future wife Sophie Charlotte Bierreichel, who took the lead of the troupe in 1741 in Hamburg. The troupe dissolved in 1744 and they lived with relatives of Konrad in Mecklenburg. In 1747 he was hired in Danzig, later in St. Petersburg. In 1749 he and Sophie visited Moscow, where they married; they left Russia in 1751 and founded the Ackermann troupe (Ackermann'sche Gesellschaft).\nThe troupe visited Danzig, K\u00f6nigsberg, Breslau, Warsaw, Leipzig, Halle, then Frankfurt am Main and with the beginning of the Seven Years' War (1756\u20131763) via Strasbourg, France, to Switzerland. After the peace treaty, they returned via Strasbourg, Frankfurt, Mainz, Braunschweig, and Hanover to Hamburg, which became the domicile of the troupe. In 1762, Johann Michael B\u00f6ck joined the troupe. Friederike Sophie Seyler also joined around this time, and both remained members until the troupe was sold in 1767.\nIn 1767 the troupe was sold to a consortium of private owners, called the Hamburg National Theatre or the Hamburgische Entreprise, also known as Lessing's Dramaturgie, with Abel Seyler as its main backer. The dramaturgie was home to famous founders of German histrionics such as Friedrich Ludwig Schr\u00f6der and Konrad Ekhof. In 1769 many of Ackermann's actors joined the Seyler theatrical company.\nHis children with Sophie Charlotte were Dorothea Ackermann and Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann.", "Q25302": "For the community in Saxony, Germany, see Radibor. For the village in northern Poland, see Racib\u00f3rz, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.Racib\u00f3rz [ra\u02c8t\u0361\u0255ibu\u0282] (German: Ratibor, Czech: Ratibo\u0159, Silesian: Ra\u0107ib\u016frz) is a town in Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Racib\u00f3rz County.\nWith Opole, Racib\u00f3rz is one of the historic capitals of Upper Silesia, being the residence of the Dukes of Racib\u00f3rz from 1172 to 1521.", "Q1386188": "Lebbeus Woods (May 31, 1940 \u2013 October 30, 2012) was an American architect and artist known for his unconventional and experimental designs. Known for his rich, yet mainly unbuilt work and its nonetheless significant impact on the architectural sphere, Lebbeus Woods and his oeuvre are considered visionary, describing a radically experimental world built on the principles of heterogeneity and multiplicity and bridging thus the gap between numerous fields including architecture, philosophy, and mathematics. Reconfiguring the architectural space in environments of crisis, whether it be natural, social, political, or financial, Woods stated: \u201cI\u2019m not interested in living in a fantasy world. All my work is still meant to evoke real architectural spaces. But what interests me is what the world would be like if we were free of conventional limits. Maybe I can show what could happen if we lived by a different set of rules.\u201d", "Q53294": "Salomon Arvid Achates Lindman (19 September 1862 \u2013 9 December 1936) was a Swedish rear admiral, industrialist and conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1906 to 1911 and again from 1928 to 1930.He was also the leader of the conservative General Electoral Union (Allm\u00e4nna valmansf\u00f6rbundet) between 1912 and 1935 as well as leader of Lantmanna- och borgarepartiet (a member party of the General Electoral Union) from 1913 to 1935, except for a short while during 1917 when he served as Minister for Foreign Affairs.\nHis two tenures as Prime Minister, from 1906 to 1911 and from 1928 to 1930, spanned the introduction of parliamentarianism and universal suffrage. Lindman married Annie Almstr\u00f6m in 1888, with whom he had three children. He was a cousin of Alex Lindman.", "Q64438": "Dottikon is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q232628": "Katsushika (\u845b\u98fe\u533a, Katsushika-ku) is a special ward located in Tokyo, Japan. The ward calls itself Katsushika City in English.\nAs of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 444,356, and a population density of 12,770 people per km\u00b2. The total area is 34.80 km\u00b2.", "Q4177065": "Kuanyshbek Yessekeev (Kazakh: \u049a\u0443\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0448\u0431\u0435\u043a \u0411\u0430\u049b\u044b\u0442\u0431\u0435\u043a\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u0415\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0435\u0435\u0432, Q\u00fdanyshbek Baqytbekuly Esekeev) is Chairman of the Board of Kazakhtelecom.\n\n", "Q233536": "Laura Elena, Countess von Bismarck-Sch\u00f6nhausen (n\u00e9e Mart\u00ednez-Herring; March 3, 1964), commonly known as Laura Harring, is a Mexican-American actress. In 1985, Harring became the first Hispanic woman crowned Miss USA. She later began her acting career in television and film. She is best known for her dual roles as Rita and Camilla Rhodes in the 2001 postmodern neo-noir film Mulholland Drive. She is also known for her roles in other films, including The Forbidden Dance (1990), John Q (2002), Willard (2003), The Punisher (2004), The King (2005), and Love in the Time of Cholera (2007).", "Q617677": "Vincentius Aloysius (Ed) Groot (born 26 December 1957 in Grootebroek) is a Dutch politician and former journalist, columnist and civil servant. As a member of the Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) he was an MP between 17 June 2010 and 23 March 2017. He focused on matters of taxes, government spending and finances.", "Q429735": "Michael Zachery Myers (born November 7, 1983) is an American musician who founded and is currently the lead singer and guitarist for the rock band The Fairwell. He is also the former bassist and current guitarist for the hard rock band Shinedown, and the manager of Memphis pop rock band Sore Eyes, as well as lead singer of Allen Mack Myers Moore.", "Q4864101": "Barry Cohen AM (3 April 1935 \u2013 18 December 2017) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and served in federal parliament from 1969 to 1990, representing the Division of Robertson in New South Wales. He held ministerial office in the Hawke Government from 1983 to 1987.", "Q126183": "Working Girl is a 1988 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Mike Nichols and starring Melanie Griffith, Harrison Ford and Sigourney Weaver. It was written by Kevin Wade.\nThe film features a notable opening sequence following Manhattan-bound commuters on the Staten Island Ferry accompanied by Carly Simon's song \"Let the River Run\", for which she received the Academy Award for Best Song. The film was a box office success, grossing a worldwide total of $103 million.Griffith was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress, while both Weaver and Joan Cusack were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. The film was also nominated for Academy Award for Best Picture.", "Q178799": "Pope Benedict IX (Latin: Benedictus IX; c. 1012 \u2013 c. 1056), born Theophylactus of Tusculum in Rome, was bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States on three occasions between October 1032 and July 1048. Aged approximately 20 at his first election, he is one of the youngest popes in history. He is the only man to have been pope on more than one occasion and the only man ever to have sold the papacy.\nBenedict was the nephew of his immediate predecessor, John XIX. In October 1032, his father obtained his election through bribery. However, his reputed dissolute activities provoked a revolt on the part of the Romans. Benedict was driven out of Rome and Sylvester III elected to succeed him. Some months later, Benedict and his supporters managed to expel Sylvester. Benedict then decided to abdicate in favor of his godfather, Gregory VI, provided he was reimbursed for his expenses. Benedict subsequently had second thoughts and returned, and attempted to depose Gregory. A number of prominent clergy appealed to King Henry III of Germany to restore order. Henry and his forces crossed the Brenner Pass into Italy, where he summoned the Council of Sutri to decide the matter. Benedict, Sylvester and Gregory were all deposed. Henry then had Clement II elected in December 1046.\nWhile Benedict IX has an execrable reputation as pope, R.L. Poole suggests that some of the calumnies directed against him be understood in the context that they were perpetrated by virulent political enemies.\n\n", "Q1557944": "Gwynne Shotwell (n\u00e9e Rowley; born November 23, 1963) is an American businesswoman and engineer. She is the President and Chief Operating Officer at SpaceX, an American space transportation company, where she is responsible for day-to-day operations and company growth. As of 2020, she is listed as the 55th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.", "Q607464": "Franti\u0161ek Langer (3 March 1888 \u2013 2 August 1965) was a Czech-Jewish playwright, screenwriter, essayist, literary critic, publicist and military physician.", "Q445823": "Brian David Schweitzer (born September 4, 1955) is an American politician who served as the 23rd Governor of Montana from January 5, 2005, to January 7, 2013. Schweitzer served for a time as chair of the Western Governors Association as well as the Democratic Governors Association. He also served as President of the Council of State Governments.\n\n", "Q771280": "Timothy P. Egan (born November 8, 1954) is an American author, journalist and op-ed columnist for The New York Times, writing from a liberal perspective.Egan has written seven books. His first, The Good Rain, won the Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Award in 1991. For The Worst Hard Time, a 2006 book about people who lived through the Great Depression's Dust Bowl, he won the National Book Award for Nonfiction and the Washington State Book Award in History/Biography. The Big Burn: Teddy Roosevelt and the Fire that Saved America (2009) is about the Great Fire of 1910, which burned about three million acres (12,000 km\u00b2) and helped shape the United States Forest Service. The book describes some of the political issues facing Theodore Roosevelt. For this work he won a second Washington State Book Award in History/Biography and a second Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Award.In 2001, The New York Times won a Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting for a series to which Egan contributed, \"How Race is Lived in America\".Egan lives in Seattle. He is a weekly op-ed writer for The New York Times.", "Q486868": "Pomona () is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Pomona is located in the Pomona Valley, between the Inland Empire and the San Gabriel Valley. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 149,058.The California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, also known as Cal Poly Pomona or merely as Cal Poly, main campus lies mostly within Pomona's city limits; some campus areas lie within San Dimas and Walnut's city limits.", "Q432473": "Melania Trump (; born Melanija Knavs; [m\u025b\u02c8la\u02d0nija \u02c8kna\u02d0u\u032fs], Germanized to Melania Knauss; April 26, 1970) is a Slovenian-American former fashion model and the current first lady of the United States, as the wife of the 45th president of the United States Donald Trump.Melanija Knavs was born in Novo Mesto, and grew up in Sevnica, in the Yugoslav republic of Slovenia. She worked as a fashion model through agencies in Milan and Paris, and moved to New York City in 1996. Her modeling career was associated with Irene Marie Models and Trump Model Management.In 2001, Knavs became a permanent resident of the United States. She married Donald Trump in 2005 and obtained U.S. citizenship in 2006. She is the second first lady (after Louisa Adams) born outside the United States, the first one to be a naturalized citizen and the first whose native language is not English.", "Q509397": "Jenny Lin is a Taiwanese-born American pianist.", "Q186335": "Samuel Dashiell Hammett (; May 27, 1894 \u2013 January 10, 1961) was an American author of hard-boiled detective novels and short stories. He was also a screenwriter and political activist. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade (The Maltese Falcon), Nick and Nora Charles (The Thin Man), and the Continental Op (Red Harvest and The Dain Curse).\nHammett \"is now widely regarded as one of the finest mystery writers of all time\". In his obituary in The New York Times, he was described as \"the dean of the... 'hard-boiled' school of detective fiction.\" Time magazine included Hammett's 1929 novel Red Harvest on its list of the 100 best English-language novels published between 1923 and 2005. His novels and stories also had a significant influence on films, including the genres of private-eye/detective fiction, mystery thrillers, and film-noir.", "Q68202": "Christoph von Schmid (15 August 1768 Dinkelsb\u00fchl, Bavaria \u2013 3 September 1854 Augsburg) was a writer of children's stories and an educator. His stories were very popular and translated into many languages. His best known work in the English-speaking world is The Basket of Flowers (Das Blumenk\u00f6rbchen). In this work, fifteen-year-old Mary is taught all the principles of godliness through the flowers planted and cared for by her father, James, who is the king's gardener. When she is falsely accused of stealing and temporarily banished, her friends try to find some evidence in order to prove that Mary didn't do anything wrong until it's too late. In recent years, The Basket of Flowers has been published in the United States as part of the Lamplighter Family Collection.", "Q278047": "Sir William Pearce Howland (29 May 1811 \u2013 1 January 1907), served as the second Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, from 1868 to 1873. He was one of the Fathers of Confederation.\n\n", "Q720971": "Kirill \"Kirka\" Babitzin (22 September 1950 \u2013 31 January 2007) was one of the most commercially successful Finnish musicians. His career spanned from the late 1960s right up to his death in 2007.\nPreviously associated with Ilkka Lipsanen's The Islanders band, Kirka went on to record a wide array of rock and pop music. Some of his most famous songs include Hetki Ly\u00f6 (Beat the Clock), Leijat (Kites) and Varrella virran (Down by the River). His 1988 album Surun Pyyhit Silmist\u00e4ni (The Sadness in Your Eyes) went on to be one of the best sold records in Finnish history. He also represented Finland in the 1984 Eurovision Song Contest.", "Q78011": "Eva Herman (born Eva Feldker 9 November 1958 in Emden, Lower Saxony) is a German author and former television presenter. She worked as a news presenter on the nationwide Tagesschau news programme from 1989 to 2006 and also presented various other television programmes for the Norddeutscher Rundfunk until 2007. In 2003, an opinion poll by TNS Emnid declared Herman to be \"Germany's favourite presenter\".Starting in 2006, Herman authored multiple books that were critical of feminism and advocated for traditional female gender roles. Her books were met with widespread criticism and media scrutiny. In 2007, Herman was dismissed from her position as a news anchor at German national broadcaster ARD, after positively reviewing the family policies and gender roles of Nazi Germany.", "Q173814": "John Newton Cooper CBE (17 July 1923 \u2013 24 December 2000) was a co-founder, with his father Charles Cooper, of the Cooper Car Company. Born in Surbiton, Surrey, United Kingdom, he became an auto racing legend with his rear-engined chassis design that would eventually change the face of the sport at its highest levels, from Formula One to the Indianapolis 500.\nCharles Cooper ran a small garage in Surbiton that specialised in maintaining racing cars. His son John left school at age 15 to become an apprentice toolmaker and served in the Royal Air Force as an instrument maker in World War II. After the war, he and his father began building simple, inexpensive single-seat racers for privateers, often from surplus military hardware. The cars were extremely successful and quickly in high demand, and in 1948, they founded their own company to build more.\nIn stereotypical British fashion, Cooper always downplayed the story about how they decided to put the engine in the back of their racing cars, insisting it was a matter of convenience. The original design for the first rear-engined Cooper racing car was drawn up by Owen Maddock, a designer employed by Cooper Car Company.\nBecause the car was powered by a motorcycle engine, they put the engine in the back, driving a chain. \"We certainly had no feeling that we were creating some scientific breakthrough!...We put the engine at the rear...because it was the practical thing to do,\" Cooper said.Initially, John raced his own cars on a regular basis, but as the company grew, he found less time available to compete. He did, however, find time to set a number of records at Montlh\u00e9ry at the end of 1953.\nIn the early 1950s, it seemed as if every aspiring young British racing driver began behind the wheel of a Cooper, and Cooper's Formula One cars were driven by the legendary drivers of the time \u2013 Jack Brabham, Stirling Moss, Maurice Trintignant, and Bruce McLaren. In a nine-year period, the team took 16 Grand Prix wins, as Brabham and the team won back-to-back World Championships in 1959 and 1960.\nWhile in Sebring, Florida, for the 1959 United States Grand Prix, Cooper got to know American driver Rodger Ward, the reigning USAC national champion and Indianapolis 500 winner. After Ward had been astounded by the cornering ability of Cooper's little cars on the road course, he offered to arrange a test for them at Indianapolis Motor Speedway, saying, \"You've got to try out your car around the Oval. Indy's waiting for you!\" Cooper took one of his Formula One cars to the Speedway in the autumn of 1960, as drivers, constructors and racing personalities gathered in \"amused tolerance, mixed with obvious curiosity,\" according to Cooper. When Brabham, an Indy rookie, began his warmup laps, he was unaware of the requirement to gradually build up his speed on the track. He clocked his second lap at 144.8 miles per hour, fast enough for the third row on the previous race's grid! Ward was so enthused, Cooper had to agree to let him drive the car, too. From that point, the Indianapolis establishment realised the writing was on the wall and the days of their front-engined roadsters were numbered. Within a few years, John Cooper's revolution of open-wheeled racing was complete.Cooper's development of the British Motor Corporation Mini \u2013 the Mini Cooper \u2013 was adored by both rally racers and ordinary road drivers. Before John Cooper's death, the Cooper name was licensed to BMW for the higher-performance versions of the cars, inspired by the original Mini, sold as the MINI. John, along with his son Mike Cooper, served in an advisory role to BMW and Rover's New MINI design team.\nCooper was the last surviving Formula One team principal from the formative years of the sport, and he often lamented later in life that the fun had long since gone out of racing. He helped establish Britain's domination of motorsport technology, which continues today, and he received the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his services to British motorsport. He remained head of the West Sussex family garage business (which had outlets for Mini Cooper at East Preston and Honda at Ferring) until his death at age 77 in 2000.", "Q537279": "Steven Roy Swanson (born December 3, 1960 in Syracuse, New York) is an American Engineer and a retired NASA astronaut. He is married and has three children. He has received numerous awards and honors. These include the NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal and the JSC Certificate of Accommodation and many others. Prior to becoming a NASA astronaut, Swanson worked for GTE in Phoenix, Arizona, as a software engineer. Swanson has flown two shuttle flights, STS-117 and STS-119, and one Soyuz flight, TMA-12M. All of the flights were to the International Space Station. He has logged over 195 days in space and completed five spacewalks totaling 28 hours and 5 minutes. Swanson has also served in other roles at NASA, such as a CAPCOM for both International Space Station and Space Shuttle missions.", "Q29538": "Olive Wetzel Dennis (November 20, 1885 \u2013 November 5, 1957) was an engineer whose design innovations changed the nature of railway travel. Born in Thurlow, Pennsylvania, she grew up in Baltimore.\n\n", "Q61554": "Otto Hofmann (16 March 1896 \u2013 31 December 1982) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. He was the head of the SS Race and Settlement Main Office. Sentenced to 25 years in prison at the RuSHA Trial in 1948, Hofmann was released on 7 April 1954.", "Q761087": "August Freiherr von Binzer (May 30, 1793 \u2013 March 20, 1868) was a German poet, journalist, and Urburschenschafter.", "Q435308": "Julieta Serrano Romero (born 2 January 1933 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain) is a Spanish theatre and cinema actress. Her prolific career began in the 1960s, and she has worked with directors Pedro Almod\u00f3var and Ventura Pons.\nIn September 2018 she was awarded by the Premio Nacional de Teatro.", "Q69108": "Christiane Paul (born 8 March 1974 in Berlin-Pankow) is a German film, television and stage actress.\nPaul first worked as a model for magazines such as Bravo. She was 17 when she obtained her first leading role in the film Deutschfieber. Prior to her acting career (she has no formal acting training), she studied medicine and successfully completed her studies at the Humboldt University of Berlin; however, she gave up medicine in 2006.", "Q102021": "Wilhelm Beyer (22 March 1885 in Hohenm\u00f6lsen \u2013 11 April 1945 in Schermcke) was a German politician and functionary of the Nazi Party (NSDAP).", "Q1911426": "Maurice Sauv\u00e9, (September 20, 1923 \u2013 April 13, 1992) was a Canadian economist, politician, cabinet minister, businessman, and husband of Jeanne Sauv\u00e9, 23rd Governor General of Canada.\nBorn in Montreal, Quebec, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1962 federal elections as a Liberal representing the riding of \u00celes-de-la-Madeleine. He was re-elected in 1963 and 1965. He was defeated in 1968. From 1964 to 1968, he was the Minister of Forestry (after 1966 renamed Minister of Forestry and Rural Development).\nHe was the first President of the World Assembly of Youth (WAY), and served for a period from 1949 to 1952.\nFrom 1985 to 1991, he was Chancellor of the University of Ottawa.\nIn 1984, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada as the Viceregal consort of Canada.", "Q186321": "Fyodor I Ivanovich (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 I \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447) or Feodor I Ioannovich (Russian: \u0424\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440 I \u0418\u043e\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447); 31 May 1557 \u2013 16 January (NS) 1598), also known as Feodor the Bellringer, (Russian: \u0424\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0417\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u044c) was the last Rurikid Tsar of Russia (1584\u20131598).\nFeodor's mother died when he was three, and he grew up in the shadow of his father, Ivan the Terrible. A pious man of retiring disposition, Feodor took little interest in politics, and the country was effectively administered in his name by Boris Godunov, the brother of his beloved wife Irina. His childless death left the Rurikid dynasty extinct, and spurred Russia's descent into the catastrophic Time of Troubles.\nIn Russian documents, Feodor is sometimes called blessed (Russian: \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439). He is also listed in the \"Great Synaxaristes\" of the Orthodox Church, with his feast day on January 7 (OS).", "Q278053": "Labyrinth is a 1986 musical fantasy film directed by Jim Henson, with George Lucas as executive producer, based upon conceptual designs by Brian Froud. It revolves around 16-year-old Sarah's (Jennifer Connelly) quest to reach the center of an enormous otherworldly maze to rescue her infant brother Toby, whom Sarah wished away to Jareth the Goblin King (David Bowie). Most of the film's significant characters, apart from Bowie and Connelly, are played by puppets produced by Jim Henson's Creature Shop.\nThe film started as a collaboration between Henson and Froud following their previous collaboration The Dark Crystal. Terry Jones of Monty Python wrote the first draft of the film's script early in 1984, drawing on Froud's sketches for inspiration. Various other scriptwriters rewrote it and added to it, including Laura Phillips, Lucas, Dennis Lee, and Elaine May\u2014although Jones received the film's sole screenwriting credit. It was shot on location in Upper Nyack, Piermont, and Haverstraw, New York, and at Elstree Studios and West Wycombe Park in the United Kingdom.\nThe New York Times reported that Labyrinth had a budget of $25 million. The film was a box office disappointment, grossing $12.9 million during its U.S. theatrical run. It was the last feature film Henson directed, and the poor reception contributed to a difficult period of Henson's career, according to his son Brian Henson. It was met with a mixed critical response upon its release, but it has since gained a large cult following. Tokyopop published the four-volume comic sequel Return to Labyrinth between 2006 and 2010. In January 2016, it was announced that a remake was in development, which screenwriter Nicole Perlman described as more of a \"spin-off\" in the same fictional universe.\n\n", "Q180988": "Ola Torgeir L\u00e5nke (born 18 March 1948 in Rennebu) is a Norwegian politician for the Christian Democratic Party.\nL\u00e5nke was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from S\u00f8r-Tr\u00f8ndelag in 1993, and has been re-elected on three occasions. On the local level he was a member of Trondheim city council from 1991 to 1993.\nL\u00e5nke was the chairman of the Youth of the Christian People's Party, the youth wing of the Christian Democratic Party, from 1975 to 1976. Since 1997 he has been a member of the national Christian Democratic Party board.\nOutside politics L\u00e5nke has worked as a priest, having graduated from the MF Norwegian School of Theology as cand.theol. in 1977.\n\n", "Q766930": "Ronald Hawkins, OC, (born January 10, 1935) is an American/Canadian rock and roll musician whose career has spanned more than half a century. His career began in Arkansas, where he was born and raised. He found success in Ontario, Canada, and has lived there for most of his life. He is considered highly influential in the establishment and evolution of rock music in Canada.Also known as \"Rompin' Ronnie\", \"Mr. Dynamo\", or simply \"The Hawk\", he was one of the key players in the 1960s rock scene in Toronto. Throughout his career, Hawkins has performed all across North America and recorded more than twenty-five albums. His hit songs included covers of Chuck Berry's \"Thirty Days\" (entitled \"Forty Days\" by Hawkins) and Young Jessie's \"Mary Lou\", a song about a \"gold-digging woman\". Other well-known recordings are \"Who Do You Love?\", \"Hey Bo Diddley\", and \"Susie Q\", which was written by his cousin, rockabilly artist Dale Hawkins.\nHawkins is also notable for his role as a talent scout and mentor of musicians he recruited for his band the Hawks. Roy Buchanan was an early Hawks guitarist on the song \"Who Do You Love\". The most successful example were the musicians who left him to form The Band. Other musicians Hawkins had recruited went on to form Robbie Lane and the Disciples, Janis Joplin's Full Tilt Boogie Band, Crowbar, Bearfoot, and Skylark.\n\n", "Q67125": "Appenzell District is a district of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in Switzerland. It has a population of 5,795 (as of December 2018). The area of Appenzell is 16.88 km2 (7 sq mi). The district of Appenzell consists of a part of the village Appenzell, as well as Rinkenbach, Kau and Meistersr\u00fcte.", "Q488851": "Inha University (\uc778\ud558\ub300\ud559\uad50(\u4ec1\u8377\u5927\u5b78\u6821)) is a private research university located in Incheon, South Korea.\nKnown traditionally for research and education in the engineering and physical sciences, the University was established by the first president of South Korea, Syngman Rhee. Inha is a Korean-American collaboration school, even in its name: the Morpheme \"In\" (\uc778, \u4ec1) comes from the city of Incheon and \"Ha\" (\ud558, \u8377) from Hawaii, USA. Started as a polytechnic university in 1954, named Inha Institute of Technology (Acronym: IIT; Korean, \uc778\ud558\uacf5\uacfc\ub300\ud559, Inha Gonggwa Daehak, colloquially Inhagongdae), the institute has been achieving national recognition and a strong reputation as a technological research university thereafter.\n\nInha University is the most well-known and #1 university in Incheon area. Inha was ranked top 10 nationwide through decades according to Joongang Ilbo's annual rankings of South Korean universities; ranked 8th in 2017. Also, Inha is a member of GU8.", "Q442180": "Leopold Unger (12 August 1922 \u2013 20 December 2011) was a journalist, columnist, and essayist. \nUnger was born in Lw\u00f3w, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine). Nicknamed Brukselczyk and Pol Mathil, during World War II, he sought refuge in Romania. He began his career in 1948 in Bucharest as correspondent for the Polish Press Agency. After the war, he worked in Warsaw for the daily newspaper, \u017bycie Warszawy. In 1967, he was laid off for political reasons, then forced to leave Poland in 1969 in the wake of the a 1968 anti-Semitic campaign launched by the communist authorities.Unger lived in Brussels from 1969, and wrote for the Brussels daily, Le Soir, as columnist, specialising in international affairs, mainly in the ex-USSR and Eastern Europe. He was formerly a fellow at the Wilson Center for International Scholars in Washington D.C. Between 1974 and 1982, he was a columnist for the International Herald Tribune in Paris, a regular commentator for the Polish Section of Radio Free Europe and, temporarily, for the Polish Section of the BBC.Unger published a monthly essay in Kultura (Paris), edited by Jerzy Giedroyc, a major Polish \u00e9migr\u00e9 democratic opposition forum. Since 1990, he has been writing a regular column for the Warsaw daily, Gazeta Wyborcza On 30 June 2009, he received an honorary doctorate from the Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University in Lublin. He died in Brussels, aged 89. He was buried on December 23, 2011 in the Jewish part of the municipal cemetery in Kraainem.", "Q2917507": "Luis Humberto G\u00f3mez Gallo (26 June 1962 \u2212 25 December 2013) was a Colombian industrial engineer specialized in business administration and constitutional law. A Conservative politician, he served as President of the Senate of Colombia where he had been a Senator from 1994 until 2008 when he was charged and arrested as part of a wider parapolitica scandal. He died of a heart attack at the age of 51 on 25 December 2013 in Ibague, Tolima.\n\n", "Q698436": "Daniel \"Dan\" Graham (born March 31, 1942) is an American artist, writer, and curator.\nGraham grew up in New Jersey. In 1964 he began directing the John Daniels Gallery in New York, where he put on Sol LeWitt's first one-man show, and in groups shows, exhibited works of Donald Judd, Dara Birnbaum, Dan Flavin and Robert Smithson. Like these artists, Graham considered himself a writer-artist, publishing essays and reviews on rock music, Dwight D. Eisenhower's paintings, and Dean Martin's television show. His earliest work dealt with the magazine page, predating but often associated with Conceptual art. His work often focuses on cultural phenomena, and incorporates photography, video, performance art, glass and mirror structures. He lives and works in New York.\n\n", "Q329208": "Der Marsch zum F\u00fchrer (English: The March to the F\u00fchrer) is a Nazi propaganda film released in 1940. It depicts the nationwide march of Hitler Youth (HJ) to Nuremberg for the Nazi Party Rally. Unlike the earlier Leni Riefenstahl Nuremberg documentaries, it does not focus on the Party congress itself, or on Nazi leaders, who are not shown until the very end of the film. Instead, it follows HJ boys from various parts of Nazi Germany beginning their journey, camping along the route, being taken in by helpful families on the way and marching through cities in formation, saluting and carrying the swastika banner.", "Q110425": "Adelheid Seeck (3 November 1912 \u2013 17 February 1973) was a German film actress. She appeared in 27 films between 1941 and 1972. She starred in The Last Ones Shall Be First, which was entered into the 7th Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q43093": "The Basque Nationalist Party (Basque: Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea, EAJ; Spanish: Partido Nacionalista Vasco, PNV; French: Parti Nationaliste Basque, PNB; EAJ-PNV), officially Basque National Party in English, is a Basque nationalist, Christian-democratic regional political party with social-democratic and conservative-liberal factions. It operates in all the territories comprising the Basque Country: the Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre in Spain, and in the French Basque Country. It also has delegations in dozens of foreign nations, specifically those with a major presence of Basque immigrants.\nEAJ-PNV was founded by Sabino Arana in 1895, which makes it the second oldest party in Spain that remains active, after the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. It is the largest Basque nationalist party, having led the Basque Government uninterruptedly since 1979, except for a brief period between 2009 and 2012. In Navarre, it is part of the coalition Geroa Bai, which is currently the party in the Navarrese regional government. Currently a member of the European Democratic Party, EAJ-PNV was previously a member of the European Free Alliance from 1999 to 2004. Earlier it had been affiliated with the European People's Party and the Christian Democrat International (from which it was ejected in 2000).The current chairman of EAJ-PNV is Andoni Ortuzar. The party's youth wing is Euzko Gaztedi. EAJ-PNV's social offices are called batzokis, of which there are over 200 throughout the world. Since 1932, the party celebrates Aberri Eguna (Homeland Day) on Easter. Also, since 1977, it celebrates Alderdi Eguna (Party Day).", "Q1699539": "John Capodice (born December 25, 1941) is an American character actor.\n\n", "Q179493": "Bertil Gotthard Ohlin (Swedish: [\u02c8b\u00e6\u030c\u0288\u02d0\u026al \u028a\u02c8li\u02d0n]) (23 April 1899 \u2013 3 August 1979) was a Swedish economist and politician. He was a professor of economics at the Stockholm School of Economics from 1929 to 1965. He was also leader of the People's Party, a social-liberal party which at the time was the largest party in opposition to the governing Social Democratic Party, from 1944 to 1967. He served briefly as Minister for Trade from 1944 to 1945 in the Swedish coalition government during World War II. He was President of the Nordic Council in 1959 and 1964.\nOhlin's name lives on in one of the standard mathematical models of international free trade, the Heckscher\u2013Ohlin model, which he developed together with Eli Heckscher. He was jointly awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1977 together with the British economist James Meade \"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements\".", "Q300842": "Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2 is a 2000 American psychological horror film, directed and co-written by Joe Berlinger and starring Jeffrey Donovan, Stephen Barker Turner, Kim Director, Erica Leerhsen, and Tristine Skyler. The film was immediately greenlit upon pitch due to the surprising success of its predecessor, the wildly successful 1999 film The Blair Witch Project. Stylistically different from the first film, the plot revolves around a group of people fascinated by the mythology surrounding The Blair Witch Project film; they go into the Black Hills where the original film was shot, and they experience supernatural phenomena and psychological unraveling.\nOriginally conceived by Berlinger and co-writer Dick Beebe as a psychological thriller and meditation on mass hysteria, Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2 was significantly altered in post-production, which Berlinger would later claim compromised his original vision. Among the changes were a new soundtrack, additional editing, and the integration of entirely new sequences. \nThe film was released in theaters in North America and the United Kingdom on October 27, 2000 to largely negative reviews from critics and audiences; it was, however, a financial success, grossing $47 million worldwide against its $15 million budget.", "Q98697": "Gottfried Wilhelm Sacer (11 July 1635 \u2013 8 September 1699) was a German jurist, poet, satirist and Protestant hymn writer. He worked as an advocate at the court of Wolfenb\u00fcttel. Johann Sebastian Bach used a stanza from his hymn \"Gott f\u00e4hret auf gen Himmel\" to conclude his Ascension Oratorio.\n\n", "Q89942": "Gustaf Adolf Jakob Neumann (1924\u201318 February 2013; Klosterneuburg, Austria) was an Austrian investigative journalist and newspaper editor known for his activism against miscarriages of justice during the 1950s.", "Q705515": "Mikhail Aleksandrovich Evstafiev (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0444\u044c\u0435\u0432; born in 1963) is a Russian artist, photographer, and writer.\nHis interest in painting and photography began at an early age. His mother, grandmother and great grandfather \u2013 all prominent Russian sculptors \u2013 inspired him to develop his own style in art. His work is listed in \"Allgemeines K\u00fcnstlerlexikon\" (The World Biographical Dictionary of Artists).\nIn the late 1980s he volunteered to serve in Afghanistan and spent two years in the Soviet army, stationed in Kabul, witnessing the numerous combat operations and the 1989 withdrawal of Soviet troops. He later published the novel Two Steps From Heaven about the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.\nWorking for leading international news organizations in the 1990s, he also covered the wars and armed conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chechnya, Georgia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Tajikistan and Transdniestria, as well as the Soviet coup attempt of 1991 and the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993.\nMikhail Evstafiev's paintings and photographs have been exhibited in different countries, including in Austria, China, Russia and the United States, in places such as the Hofburg Congress Centre, the State Kremlin Palace, the Maly Manezh Exhibition Hall and the Central House of Artists in Moscow, and in the Grand Central Terminal in New York City.\nHis paintings and photographs are in the collections of the Moscow House of Photography and SOLMS, Gallery der Leica Camera AG, and in private collections in Andorra, Austria, Britain, France, Poland, Russia and the United States. His work appeared in leading international magazines and newspapers and was published in numerous books.", "Q2602249": "The Toneelacademie Maastricht, institute of performative arts is a college of dramatic arts located in the city of Maastricht in the Netherlands. It is part of the Zuyd University (Zuyd Hogeschool ). The school is housed in a former Protestant orphanage in the historic Jekerkwartier in Maastricht.\nThe training found at the various academies of dramatic arts in the Netherlands comes under the heading Hoger Beroepsonderwijs (HBO), meaning Higher Professional Education. The Toneelacademie Maastricht, institute of performative arts, offers a 4 years Bachelor's programme and a 2 years Postgraduate programme which leads to a master's degree. \nThe Toneelacademie Maastricht, institute of performative arts has a solid reputation in the Netherlands. Many famous Dutch and Flemish Theatre- and Filmactors and directors, playwrighters, scenographers, costumedesigners and performers were educated here, including Bram Bart, Peter Blok, Pierre Bokma, Maxime De Winne, Tijn Docter, Maria Goos, Boris van der Ham, Isa Hoes, Carice van Houten, Fedja van Hu\u00eat, Gaite Jansen, Ad van Kempen, Hans Kesting, Melody Klaver, Martijn Lakemeier, Sylvia Millecam, J\u00e9r\u00f4me Reehuis, Halina Reijn, Matthijs van de Sande Bakhuyzen, Willem van de Sande Bakhuyzen, Ariane Schluter, Gijs Scholten van Aschat, Daan Schuurmans, Johan Simons (also as a professor), Huub Stapel, Monique van de Ven, Dolf de Vries, Jeroen Willems and many others.", "Q1488498": "George Reed Wilbourn (September 2, 1922 \u2013 October 9, 2011) was an American jazz drummer and singer who performed as George Reed.", "Q338305": "Pippi Goes on Board (original title: H\u00e4r kommer Pippi L\u00e5ngstrump) is a 1969 Swedish movie, based on the eponymous children's books by Astrid Lindgren with the cast of the 1969 TV series Pippi Longstocking. The film consisted of re-edited footage from the TV series. It was released in the US in 1975.", "Q65732": "Sigriswil is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q2536632": "William Aubrey Thomas (June 7, 1866 \u2013 September 8, 1951) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.\nBorn in Y Bynea, near Llanelly, Wales, Thomas immigrated to the United States in 1868 with his parents, who settled in Niles, Ohio. He attended the public schools of Niles, Mount Union College, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, where he majored in metallurgical chemistry.He was an analytical chemist in Niles from 1886 to 1888, and was engaged in the iron and steel business. He served as president of The Mahoning Valley Steel Company. and as Secretary and director of the Niles Firebrick Co.\nThomas was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-eighth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles W. F. Dick on this election to the Senate. He was reelected to the Fifty-ninth, Sixtieth, and Sixty-first Congresses and served from November 8, 1904, to March 3, 1911. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1910 to the Sixty-second Congress.\nHe moved to Alabama in 1918, and continued his interest in the manufacture of iron, steel, and firebrick. He served as president of the Jenifer Iron Co. He died in Talladega, Alabama on September 8, 1951, aged 85. He was interred in Oak Hill Cemetery in Youngstown.\nThomas became a Mason in 1887, and was the youngest Master in Ohio when he led his lodge for two terms. He became a member of the Elks in 1892, and was a Presbyterian.", "Q544283": "Carlos Manuel Puebla (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8ka\u027elos \u02c8pwe\u03b2la]; 11 September 1917, Manzanillo \u2013 12 July 1989, Havana) was a Cuban singer, guitarist, and composer. He was a member of the old trova movement who specialized in boleros and nationalistic songs.", "Q291183": "Joseph Wood Krutch (; November 25, 1893 \u2013 May 22, 1970) was an American writer, critic, and naturalist, best known for his nature books on the American Southwest and developing a pantheistic philosophy.", "Q109612": "Thelonious Sphere Monk (, October 10, 1917 \u2013 February 17, 1982) was an American jazz pianist and composer. He had a unique improvisational style and made numerous contributions to the standard jazz repertoire, including \"'Round Midnight\", \"Blue Monk\", \"Straight, No Chaser\", \"Ruby, My Dear\", \"In Walked Bud\", and \"Well, You Needn't\". Monk is the second-most-recorded jazz composer after Duke Ellington, which is particularly remarkable as Ellington composed more than a thousand pieces, whereas Monk wrote about 70.Monk's compositions and improvisations feature dissonances and angular melodic twists and are consistent with his unorthodox approach to the piano, which combined a highly percussive attack with abrupt, dramatic use of switched key releases, silences, and hesitations. His style was not universally appreciated; the poet and jazz critic Philip Larkin dismissed him as \"the elephant on the keyboard\".Monk was renowned for a distinct look which included suits, hats, and sunglasses. He was also noted for an idiosyncratic habit during performances: while other musicians continued playing, Monk would stop, stand up, and dance for a few moments before returning to the piano.Monk is one of five jazz musicians to have been featured on the cover of Time magazine (the others being Louis Armstrong, Dave Brubeck, Duke Ellington and Wynton Marsalis).Monk was friends with poet Allen Ginsberg who introduced him to Timothy Leary. Monk was one of several artists Leary wanted to recruit for his studies on the effects of psilocybin in creative individuals.", "Q280930": "Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 \u2013 January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South. Whitney's invention made upland short cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery in the United States. Despite the social and economic impact of his invention, Whitney lost many profits in legal battles over patent infringement for the cotton gin. Thereafter, he turned his attention into securing contracts with the government in the manufacture of muskets for the newly formed United States Army. He continued making arms and inventing until his death in 1825.", "Q3154169": "Yury Pavlovich Karandin (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043d, \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447; born 22 March 1937) is a Russian retired ice hockey referee, and an active ice hockey administrator as of 2018.\nKarandin officiated for 26 seasons in the Soviet Union, and was selected by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) to referee games at two Winter Olympic Games, and six Ice Hockey World Championships. He became the first Soviet referee chosen to officiate matches involving players from the National Hockey League, when assigned to the first Super Series. He later refereed at two Canada Cup events, and became president of the Siberia\u2013Far East branch of the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia. In 2004, he was inducted into both the IIHF Hall of Fame, and the Russian Hockey Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q2227570": "The Duchy of W\u00fcrttemberg (German: Herzogtum W\u00fcrttemberg) was a duchy located in the south-western part of the Holy Roman Empire. It was a member of the Holy Roman Empire from 1495 to 1806. The dukedom's long survival for nearly four centuries was mainly due to its size, being larger than its immediate neighbors. During the Protestant Reformation, W\u00fcrttemberg faced great pressure from the Holy Roman Empire to remain a member. W\u00fcrttemberg resisted repeated French invasions in the 17th and 18th centuries. W\u00fcrttemberg was directly in the path of French and Austrian armies who were engaged in the long rivalry between the House of Bourbon and the House of Habsburg. In 1803, Napoleon raised the duchy to be the Electorate of W\u00fcrttemberg of the Holy Roman Empire. On 1 January 1806, the last Elector assumed the title of King of W\u00fcrttemberg. Later that year, on 6 August 1806, the last Emperor, Francis II, abolished (de facto) the Holy Roman Empire.", "Q1059546": "The Lyc\u00e9e Louis-le-Grand (French pronunciation: \u200b[lise lwi l\u0259 g\u0281\u0251\u0303]) is a prestigious secondary school located in Paris. Founded in 1563 by the Jesuits as the Coll\u00e8ge de Clermont, it was renamed in King Louis XIV of France's honor after he extended his direct patronage to it in 1682. It offers both a sixth-form college curriculum (as a lyc\u00e9e or high school with 800 pupils), and a post-secondary-level curriculum (classes pr\u00e9paratoires with 900 students), preparing students for entrance to the elite Grandes \u00e9coles for research, such as the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure (Paris), for engineering, such as the \u00c9cole Polytechnique, or for business, such as HEC Paris. Students at the Lyc\u00e9e Louis-le-Grand are called magnoludoviciens.\nLouis-le-Grand, founded in 1563, is located in the heart of the Quartier Latin, the traditional student district of Paris. The lyc\u00e9e is situated opposite the Sorbonne and adjacent to the Coll\u00e8ge de France. Its southern side opens onto the place du Panth\u00e9on, which is the location of its historical rival, the Lyc\u00e9e Henri-IV. These two lyc\u00e9es are home to the oldest preparatory classes in France, which are commonly viewed as the most selective in the country.\nBecause of this, Louis-le-Grand is considered to play an important role in the education of French elites. Many of its former pupils have become influential scientists, statesmen, diplomats, prelates, intellectuals and writers. \"The Jesuit College of Paris\", wrote \u00c9lie de Beaumont in 1862, \"has for a long time been a state nursery, the most fertile in great men\". Indeed, former students have included writers Moli\u00e8re, Victor Hugo and Charles Baudelaire, revolutionaries Maximilien Robespierre and Camille Desmoulins, as well as seven former presidents of the French Republic and countless other ministers and prime ministers, philosophers such as Voltaire, the Marquis de Sade, Denis Diderot, Emile Durkheim, Jean-Paul Sartre, Jean Cavaill\u00e8s and Jacques Derrida, scientists \u00c9variste Galois, Henri Poincar\u00e9 and Laurent Schwartz, and artists Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix, Edgar Degas and Georges M\u00e9li\u00e8s. Renowned foreign students of the lyc\u00e9e include King Nicholas I of Montenegro, L\u00e9opold S\u00e9dar Senghor, and Saint Francis de Sales.\nAdmission to Louis-Le-Grand is very competitive; the strict selection process is based on academic grades, drawing from middle schools (for entry into high school) and high schools (for entry into the preparatory classes) throughout France. Its educational standards are highly rated and the working conditions are considered optimal due to its demanding recruitment of teachers. Louis-Le-Grand students generally achieve excellent results; topping national rankings for baccalaur\u00e9at grades in high school and entry into the best grandes \u00e9coles in the preparatory classes.", "Q45384": "Carrie is a 2013 American supernatural horror drama film directed by Kimberly Peirce. It is the third film adaptation (the others were in 1976 and 2002) of Stephen King's 1974 novel of the same name and the fourth film in the Carrie franchise. The film was produced by Kevin Misher, with a screenplay by Lawrence D. Cohen and Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa. The film stars Chlo\u00eb Grace Moretz as the titular character Carrie White, alongside Julianne Moore as Margaret White. The cast also features Judy Greer, Portia Doubleday, Gabriella Wilde, Ansel Elgort and Alex Russell. The film is a modern re-imagining of King's novel about a shy girl outcast by her peers and sheltered by her deeply religious mother, who uses her telekinetic powers with devastating effect after being a victim of a cruel prank at her senior prom.\nThe film held its world premiere at the Arclight Hollywood in Los Angeles on October 7, 2013 and was released in the United States by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Screen Gems on October 18, 2013. The film received mixed reviews, with critics calling it \"unnecessary\", criticizing the lack of originality and scares, though they praised the modern updates and cast. The film grossed $85 million worldwide at the box office.", "Q80966": "Catherine Elise Blanchett (; born 14 May, 1969) is an Australian actress and theatre director. One of Australia's most accomplished actresses, she is known for her roles in both blockbusters and independent films and has received numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and three British Academy Film Awards. Time magazine named Blanchett one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2007 and in 2018, she was ranked among the highest-paid actresses in the world.After graduating from the National Institute of Dramatic Art, Blanchett began her acting career on the Australian stage, taking on roles in Electra in 1992 and Hamlet in 1994. She came to international attention for portraying Elizabeth I in the drama film Elizabeth (1998), for which she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress and earned her first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Her portrayal of Katharine Hepburn in the biopic The Aviator (2004), earned her the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for playing a neurotic former socialite in the drama Blue Jasmine (2013). Her other Oscar-nominated roles were in the dramas Notes on a Scandal (2006), Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007), I'm Not There (2007), and Carol (2015).\nBlanchett's most commercially successful films include The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy (2001\u20132003) and The Hobbit trilogy (2012\u20132014), Babel (2006), The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008), Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008), the How to Train Your Dragon film trilogy (2014-2019), Cinderella (2015), Thor: Ragnarok (2017), and Ocean's 8 (2018). From 2008 to 2013, Blanchett and her husband Andrew Upton served as the artistic directors of the Sydney Theatre Company. Some of her stage roles during this period were in revivals of A Streetcar Named Desire, Uncle Vanya, and The Maids. She made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present, for which she received a Tony Award nomination.\nThe Australian government awarded Blanchett the Centenary Medal in 2001 and appointed her a Companion of the Order of Australia in 2017. She was appointed Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government in 2012. She has been presented with a Doctor of Letters from the University of New South Wales, University of Sydney, and Macquarie University. In 2015, she was honoured by the Museum of Modern Art and received the British Film Institute Fellowship.", "Q150767": "Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (22 November 1913 \u2013 4 December 1976) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-century British classical music, with a range of works including opera, other vocal music, orchestral and chamber pieces. His best-known works include the opera Peter Grimes (1945), the War Requiem (1962) and the orchestral showpiece The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra (1945).\nBorn in Lowestoft, Suffolk, the son of a dentist, Britten showed talent from an early age. He studied at the Royal College of Music in London and privately with the composer Frank Bridge. Britten first came to public attention with the a cappella choral work A Boy was Born in 1934. With the premiere of Peter Grimes in 1945, he leapt to international fame. Over the next 28 years, he wrote 14 more operas, establishing himself as one of the leading 20th-century composers in the genre. In addition to large-scale operas for Sadler's Wells and Covent Garden, he wrote \"chamber operas\" for small forces, suitable for performance in venues of modest size. Among the best known of these is The Turn of the Screw (1954). Recurring themes in his operas include the struggle of an outsider against a hostile society and the corruption of innocence.\nBritten's other works range from orchestral to choral, solo vocal, chamber and instrumental as well as film music. He took a great interest in writing music for children and amateur performers, including the opera Noye's Fludde, a Missa Brevis, and the song collection Friday Afternoons. He often composed with particular performers in mind. His most frequent and important muse was his personal and professional partner, the tenor Peter Pears; others included Kathleen Ferrier, Jennifer Vyvyan, Janet Baker, Dennis Brain, Julian Bream, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau and Mstislav Rostropovich. Britten was a celebrated pianist and conductor, performing many of his own works in concert and on record. He also performed and recorded works by others, such as Bach's Brandenburg Concertos, Mozart symphonies, and song cycles by Schubert and Schumann.\nTogether with Pears and the librettist and producer Eric Crozier, Britten founded the annual Aldeburgh Festival in 1948, and he was responsible for the creation of Snape Maltings concert hall in 1967. In his last year, he was the first composer to be given a life peerage.", "Q466750": "Dietlinde \"Lilli\" Gruber (born 19 April 1957) is an Italian journalist and former politician.\nCurrently a talk show host for Italian private television channel La7, Gruber also served as Member of the European Parliament from 2004 to September 2008 with the Olive Tree centre-left coalition.", "Q477885": "Max Th\u00e9ret (6 January 1913, Paris \u2013 25 February 2009) was the co-founder of Fnac, originally F\u00e9d\u00e9ration nationale d\u2019achats des cadres, or National Purchasing Federation for Middle Managers, alongside Andr\u00e9 Essel. He was also a freemason antifascist activist and a believer in Trotskyism.", "Q235635": "Suzy Amis Cameron (born January 5, 1962) is an American environmental advocate, a former actress, a former model, and the wife of James Cameron.", "Q156316": "The W\u00fcrzburg Residence (German: W\u00fcrzburger Residenz) is a palace in W\u00fcrzburg, Germany. Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt and Maximilian von Welsch, representatives of the Austrian/South German Baroque style, were involved in the construction, as well as Robert de Cotte and Germain Boffrand, who were followers of the French Style. Balthasar Neumann, court architect of the Bishop of W\u00fcrzburg, was the principal architect of the Residence, which was commissioned by the Prince-Bishop of W\u00fcrzburg Johann Philipp Franz von Sch\u00f6nborn and his brother Friedrich Carl von Sch\u00f6nborn in 1720, and completed in 1744. The Venetian painter Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, assisted by his son, Domenico, painted frescoes in the building.\nInteriors considered masterworks of Baroque/Rococo or Neoclassical architecture and art include the grand staircase, the chapel, and the Imperial Hall. The building was reportedly called the \"largest parsonage in Europe\" by Napoleon. It was heavily damaged by Allied bombing during World War II, and restoration has been in progress since 1945. Since 1981, the Residence has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "Q267615": "Marina Colasanti (born September 26, 1937 in Asmara, old Italian colony in Eritrea) is a Brazilian writer, translator and journalist. She lived in Libya during her infancy, and then she moved to Italy, where she lived for eleven years. Her family moved to Brazil in 1948 due to the difficult conditions in Europe after World War II.\nIn Brazil, she studied fine arts and worked as a journalist and a translator of Italian literature. She has published many books, including works of poetry, collections of short stories and children's literature. She is married to the writer Affonso Romano de Sant'Anna.", "Q78763": "Turhan Bey (30 March 1922 \u2013 30 September 2012) was an Austrian-born actor of Turkish and Czech Jewish origin. Turhan was active in Hollywood from 1941 to 1953. He was dubbed \"The Turkish Delight\" by his fans. After his return to Austria, he pursued careers as a photographer and stage director. Returning to Hollywood after a 40-year hiatus, he made several guest appearances in 1990s television series including SeaQuest DSV, Murder, She Wrote and Babylon 5 as well as a number of films. After retiring he appeared in a number of documentaries, including a German-language documentary on his life.", "Q4165313": "Al Oud Cemetery (Arabic: \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e) is a public cemetery in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The word Oud, in Arabic, means \"elder (older person)\", referring to King Abdulaziz, who was buried in the cemetery.", "Q683": "Samoa (), officially the Independent State of Samoa (Samoan: Malo Sa\u02bboloto Tuto\u02bbatasi o S\u0101moa; Samoan: S\u0101moa, IPA: [\u02c8sa\u02d0moa]) and, until 4 July 1997, known as Western Samoa, is a country consisting of two main islands, Savai'i and Upolu, and four smaller islands (Manono, Apolima, Fanuatapu, and Namua). The capital city is Apia. The Lapita people discovered and settled the Samoan Islands around 3,500 years ago. They developed a Samoan language and Samoan cultural identity.\nSamoa is a unitary parliamentary democracy with eleven administrative divisions. The sovereign state is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Western Samoa was admitted to the United Nations on 15 December 1976. The entire island group, which includes American Samoa, was called \"Navigator Islands\" by European explorers before the 20th century because of the Samoans' seafaring skills. The country was governed by New Zealand until its independence in 1962.\nIn July 2017, Va'aletoa Sualauvi II became the head of state, succeeding Tui \u0100tua Tupua Tamasese Efi. The Prime Minister Tuila'epa came back to power after a landslide victory in March 2016, beginning a fifth term for the premier.", "Q687270": "Jeffrey (Jeff) Thomas Alu (born January 1, 1966) is an American musician, photographer, graphic artist, and amateur astronomer who has participated in the Palomar Planet-Crossing Asteroid Survey. The asteroid 4104 Alu was named in his honour.", "Q335147": "Wizz Air, legally incorporated as Wizz Air Hungary Ltd. (Hungarian: Wizz Air Hungary L\u00e9gik\u00f6zleked\u00e9si Kft.) and stylised as W!ZZ Air, is a Hungarian low-cost airline with its head office in Budapest. The airline serves many cities across Europe, as well as some destinations in North Africa and the Middle East. It has the largest fleet of any Hungarian airline, although it is not a flag carrier, and currently serves 44 countries. Its Jersey-based parent company, Wizz Air Holdings plc, is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. As of 2018, the airline has its largest base at Budapest Airport with over 60 destinations. In 2019 the airline transported 39.8 million passengers.", "Q3584": "Nov\u00fd Ji\u010d\u00edn (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8novi\u02d0 \u02c8j\u026at\u0283i\u02d0n]; German: Neutitschein) is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has approximately 23,500 inhabitants. The city is situated on the spurs of the Carpathian Mountains about 30 km (19 mi) from the Czech Republic's 3rd biggest city, Ostrava. The city is noted for its hatting industry.", "Q16003969": "The Royal College of Physicians is a British professional body dedicated to improving the practice of medicine, chiefly through the accreditation of physicians by examination. Founded in 1518, it set the first international standard in the classification of diseases, and its library contains medical texts of great historical interest.\nThe college hosts four training faculties: the Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine, the Faculty for Pharmaceutical Medicine, the Faculty of Occupational Medicine and the Faculty of Physician Associates. The college is sometimes referred to as the Royal College of Physicians of London to differentiate it from other similarly named bodies. Its home in Regent's Park is one of the few post-war buildings to be granted Grade I listed status.\nIn 2016 it was announced that the North of England centre of excellence was to be based at a new building in the Liverpool Knowledge Quarter in Liverpool. The new centre is set to open in 2020.", "Q444297": "Ashley Tesoro (born Ashley Lyn Cafagna; February 15, 1983) is an American actress, model, and singer. She is known for her starring roles in NBC's Saved by the Bell: The New Class (as Liz Miller) and CBS's The Bold and the Beautiful (as Kimberly Fairchild). In 2007 she released a self-titled country music EP. In 2010 she released a country gospel EP titled Oh You Angel. In 2012 she released a gospel EP titled Simply Worship.", "Q57958": "Zhenjiang, alternately romanized as Chinkiang, is a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu Province, China. It lies on the southern bank of the Yangtze River near its intersection with the Grand Canal. It is opposite Yangzhou (to its north) and between Nanjing (to its west) and Changzhou (to its east). Zhenjiang was formerly the provincial capital of Jiangsu and remains as an important transportation hub.\nThe town is best known both in China and abroad for its fragrant black vinegar, a staple of Chinese cooking.", "Q18097": "Korea was a historical country in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and several minor surrounding islands. Since 1948 Korea has been divided between two distinct sovereign states, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and Republic of Korea (South Korea). Korea is bordered by Russia to the northeast, China to the northwest, and neighbours Japan to the east via the Korea Strait and the Sea of Japan (East Sea).\nDuring the first half of the 1st millennium, Korea was divided between the three competing states of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla, together known as the \"Three Kingdoms of Korea\". In the second half of the 1st millennium, Silla defeated and conquered Baekje and Goguryeo, leading to the \"Unified Silla\" period. Meanwhile, Balhae formed in the north, superseding former Goguryeo. Unified Silla eventually collapsed into three separate states due to civil war, ushering in the Later Three Kingdoms. Toward the end of the 1st millennium, Goguryeo was resurrected as Goryeo, which defeated the two other states and unified the Korean Peninsula as a single sovereign state. Around the same time, Balhae collapsed and its last crown prince fled south to Goryeo. Goryeo (also spelled as Kory\u014f), whose name developed into the modern exonym \"Korea\", was a highly cultured state that created the world's first metal movable type in 1234. However, multiple incursions by the Mongol Empire during the 13th century greatly weakened the nation, which eventually agreed to become a vassal state after decades of fighting. Following military resistance under King Gongmin that ended Mongol political influence in Goryeo, severe political strife followed, and Goryeo eventually fell to a coup led by General Yi Seong-gye, who established Joseon in July 17, 1392.\nThe first 200 years of the Joseon era were marked by relative peace. During this period, the Korean alphabet was created by Sejong the Great in the 15th century and there was increasing influence of Confucianism. During the later part of the dynasty, Korea's isolationist policy earned it the Western nickname of the \"Hermit Kingdom\". By the late 19th century, the country became the object of imperial design by the Empire of Japan. After the First Sino-Japanese War, despite the Korean Empire's effort to modernize, the country was annexed by Japan in 1910 and ruled by it until the end of World War II in August 1945.\nIn 1945, the Soviet Union and the United States agreed on the surrender of Japanese forces in Korea in the aftermath of World War II, leaving Korea partitioned along the 38th parallel. The North was under Soviet occupation and the South under U.S. occupation. These circumstances soon became the basis for the division of Korea by the two superpowers, exacerbated by their inability to agree on the terms of Korean independence. The Communist-inspired government in the North received backing from the Soviet Union in opposition to the pro-Western government in the South, leading to Korea's division into two political entities: North Korea (officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea), and South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea). Tensions between the two resulted in the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950. With involvement by foreign troops, the war ended in a stalemate in 1953, but without a formalized peace treaty. This status contributes to the high tensions that continue to divide the peninsula. Both governments of the two Koreas claim to be the sole legitimate government of the region.", "Q2097579": "Piz Muraun is a mountain of the Swiss Lepontine Alps, located near Disentis in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden. It lies between the Val Medel and the Val Sumvitg.", "Q94913": "Mackenzie Christine Foy (born November 10, 2000) is an American actress. She is best known as Renesmee Cullen in the 2012 film The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn \u2013 Part 2, which earned her a Young Artist Award nomination as Best Supporting Young Actress in a Feature Film; as the young Murphy in the 2014 space epic Interstellar, for which she received a Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor among other awards nominations; and as Clara in Disney's The Nutcracker and the Four Realms.", "Q526406": "Richard Theodore Otcasek (March 23, 1944 \u2013 September 15, 2019), known as Ric Ocasek, was an American singer, songwriter, musician, record producer and painter. He was the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and songwriter for the rock band the Cars. In addition to his work with the Cars, Ocasek recorded seven solo albums, and his song \"Emotion in Motion\" was a top 20 hit in the United States in 1986. Ocasek also worked as a record producer for artists such as Suicide, Bad Brains, Weezer, Nada Surf, Guided by Voices, and No Doubt. In 2018, Ocasek was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Cars.", "Q294945": "Antiochus VII Euergetes (Greek: \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u0396\u0384 \u0395\u03c5\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2) (c.164/160 BC - 129 BC), nicknamed Sidetes (Greek: \u03a3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2) (from Side, a city in Asia Minor), also known as Antiochus the Pious, was ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire who reigned from July/August 138 to 129 BC. He was the last Seleucid king of any stature. After Antiochus was killed in battle, the Seleucid realm was restricted to Syria.", "Q132684": "Saint-John Perse (French: [p\u025b\u0281s]; also Saint-Leger Leger, pronounced [l\u0259\u0292e]; pseudonyms of Alexis Leger) (31 May 1887 \u2013 20 September 1975) was a French poet-diplomat, awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1960 \"for the soaring flight and evocative imagery of his poetry.\" He was a major French diplomat from 1914 to 1940, after which he lived primarily in the United States until 1967.", "Q112554": "Karl Bruckner, (January 9, 1906 \u2013 October 25, 1982) was an Austrian children's writer.\nCommitted to peace, international understanding, and social justice, he became one of Austria's leading writers for young people.", "Q3400122": "Potter Palmer (May 20, 1826 \u2013 May 4, 1902) was an American businessman who was responsible for much of the development of State Street in Chicago. Born in Albany County, New York, he was the fourth son of Benjamin and Rebecca (Potter) Palmer.", "Q19216": "Ma Ying-jeou (born 13 July 1950) is a Taiwanese politician who served as President of the Republic of China from 2008 to 2016. His previous political roles include Justice Minister (1993\u201396) and Mayor of Taipei (1998\u20132006). He was also the Chairman of the Kuomintang (KMT) between 2005\u20132007 and 2009\u20132014.\nMa first won the presidency by 58.45% of the popular vote in the presidential election of 2008, and was re-elected in 2012 with 51.6% of the vote. He was sworn into office as president on 20 May 2008, and sworn in as the Chairman of the Kuomintang on 17 October 2009; he resigned as Chairman of Kuomintang on 3 December 2014. Ma's term as president saw warmer relations with Mainland China. He became the first ROC Head of State to meet with a Communist Party General Secretary when he met Xi Jinping in Singapore in November 2015.", "Q69929": "Amalie Marie Friederike Auguste (10 August 1794 \u2013 18 September 1870), Princess of Saxony, full name Maria Amalia Friederike Augusta Karolina Ludovica Josepha Aloysia Anna Nepomucena Philippina Vincentia Franziska de Paula Franziska de Chantal, was a German composer writing under the pen name A. Serena, and a dramatist under the name Amalie Heiter. She was the daughter of Prince Maximilian of Saxony and Princess Carolina of Parma.", "Q133405": "The Bee Gees \nwere a pop music group formed in 1958. Their lineup consisted of brothers Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb. The trio were especially successful as a popular music act in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and later as prominent performers of the disco music era in the mid-to-late 1970s. The group sang recognisable three-part tight harmonies; Robin's clear vibrato lead vocals were a hallmark of their earlier hits, while Barry's R&B falsetto became their signature sound during the mid-to-late 1970s and 1980s. The Bee Gees wrote all of their own hits, as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists.\nBorn on the Isle of Man to English parents, the Gibb brothers lived in Chorlton, Manchester, England until the late 1950s. There, in 1955, they formed the skiffle/rock and roll group the Rattlesnakes. The family then moved to Redcliffe, in the Moreton Bay Region, Queensland, Australia, and then to Cribb Island. After achieving their first chart success in Australia as the Bee Gees with \"Spicks and Specks\" (their 12th single), they returned to the UK in January 1967, when producer Robert Stigwood began promoting them to a worldwide audience.\nThe Bee Gees have sold over 220 million records worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997; the presenter of the award to \"Britain's first family of harmony\" was Brian Wilson, historical frontman of the Beach Boys, another \"family act\" featuring three harmonising brothers. The Bee Gees' Hall of Fame citation says, \"Only Elvis Presley, the Beatles, Michael Jackson, Garth Brooks and Paul McCartney have outsold the Bee Gees.\". The Bee Gees are the third most successful band in Billboard charts history after The Beatles and The Supremes.Following Maurice's death in January 2003 at the age of 53, Barry and Robin retired the group's name after 45 years of activity. In 2009, Robin announced that he and Barry had agreed the Bee Gees would re-form and perform again. Robin died in May 2012, aged 62, after a prolonged struggle with cancer and other health problems, leaving Barry as the only surviving member of the group.", "Q216173": "The Free City of Danzig (German: Freie Stadt Danzig; Polish: Wolne Miasto Gda\u0144sk) was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (now Gda\u0144sk, Poland) and nearly 200 towns and villages in the surrounding areas. It was created on 15 November 1920 in accordance with the terms of Article 100 (Section XI of Part III) of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles after the end of World War I.\nThe Free City included the city of Danzig and other nearby towns, villages, and settlements that were primarily inhabited by Germans. As the Treaty stated, the region was to remain separated from post-World War I Germany (the Weimar Republic) and from the newly independent nation of the Second Polish Republic (\"interwar Poland\"), but it was not an independent state. The Free City was under League of Nations protection and put into a binding customs union with Poland.\nPoland was given certain rights pertaining to communication, the railways and port facilities in the city. The Free City was created in order to give Poland access to a well-sized seaport. The Free City's population of 410,000 was 98% German, 1% Polish and 1% other. However, in the 1920 Free City of Danzig Constituent Assembly election, the Polish Party received over 6% of the vote, the percentage of votes later declined to about 3%.\nPoland proceeded to build the city of Gdynia in 1921. This completely new port north of Gdansk was established on territory awarded in 1919. By 1933, the commerce passing through Gdynia exceeded that of Danzig. Notwithstanding this, Poland refused to relinquish trading and other rights awarded to it, further alienating the Danzigers.\nBy 1936, the city's senate had a majority of local Nazis. Agitation to rejoin Germany was stepped up.\nDue to German antisemitism, persecution and oppression, many Jews fled. After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, the Nazis abolished the Free City and incorporated the area into the newly formed Reichsgau of Danzig-West Prussia. The Nazis classified the Poles and Jews living in the city as subhumans, subjecting them to discrimination, forced labor, and extermination. Many were sent to their deaths at Nazi concentration camps, including nearby Stutthof (now Sztutowo, Poland).During the city's conquest by the Soviet Army in the early months of 1945, a substantial number of citizens fled or were killed. In 1945, the city officially became part of Poland in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement. In the period immediately after the war, many surviving Germans were expelled to West or East Germany, while members of the pre-war Polish ethnic minority started returning and as new Polish settlers began to come. Due to these events, Gda\u0144sk suffered severe underpopulation and did not recover until the late 1950s.", "Q67904": "Kaisten is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010 the municipality of Ittenthal merged into the municipality of Kaisten.", "Q662405": "Opfertshofen was a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in the north of Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 Opfershofen merged with Altdorf, Bibern, Hofen, and Thayngen to form the municipality of Thayngen.", "Q4730798": "Allan Marcus Atkinson McLean (September 27, 1891 \u2013 April 27, 1969) was a Canadian businessman who co-managed Connors Brothers Limited, a New Brunswick based fish processing business, and a politician who served as a member of the House of Commons of Canada.", "Q362180": "Mikhail Vladislavovich Tyurin (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u044e\u0440\u0438\u043d) (born March 2, 1960) is a former Russian cosmonaut who flew several missions to the International Space Station and completed four spacewalks during his career. He is called a hero of the Russian Federation for his work as a cosmonaut.\n\n", "Q49421": "Bad Saarow (Lower Sorbian: Zarow) is a municipality in the Oder-Spree district, in Brandenburg, Germany.\nThe place is known for its hot springs and for its mineral-rich mud. Their healing properties have attracted visitors for many years, and in 1923 led to the town's name acquiring the prefix Bad (\"bath\", \"spa\").\nNearby are the Dubrower Berge, a range of wooded hills popular with hikers and cyclists.", "Q78824": "Leopold Hasner von Artha (15 March 1818, Prague \u2013 5 June 1891, Bad Ischl) was an Austrian civil servant and statesman. He served as the 4th Minister-President of Cisleithania.\n\n", "Q2620177": "The College of the Holy Cross, or better known simply as Holy Cross, is a private Jesuit liberal arts college in Worcester, Massachusetts. Founded in 1843, Holy Cross is the oldest Catholic college in New England and one of the oldest in the United States.\nOpened as a school for boys under the auspices of the Society of Jesus, it was the first Jesuit college in New England. Today, Holy Cross is one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities (AJCU) and is part of the Colleges of Worcester Consortium (COWC). Holy Cross sports teams are called the Crusaders, and their sole color is purple; they compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Patriot League.", "Q346036": "Jackie Keith Whitley (July 1, 1954 \u2013 May 9, 1989) was an American country music singer. During his career, Whitley only recorded two albums but charted 12 singles on the Billboard country charts, and 7 more after his death.\nBorn in Ashland, Kentucky, Whitley grew up in nearby Sandy Hook, Kentucky. Whitley began his career there in 1970, performing in Ralph Stanley's band. Establishing himself as a lead singer in bluegrass music, Whitley moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1983 and began his recording career there. His first Top 20 Country Hit single, \"Miami, My Amy\", was released in 1986. While touring for his album L.A. to Miami, he married country singer Lorrie Morgan. In 1988, his first three singles from his studio album Don't Close Your Eyes, the title song, \"When You Say Nothing at All\" and \"I'm No Stranger to the Rain\" were number-one hits. Years of alcoholism severely compromised his health and he died of alcohol intoxication in 1989 at his Goodlettsville home at the age of 34. His later two singles, \"I Wonder Do You Think of Me\" and \"It Ain't Nothin'\", were released after his death.", "Q1388748": "Matthew Chamberlain (born April 17, 1967) is an American session musician, drummer, producer and songwriter.", "Q2083493": "The Pfeiferbrunnen is a fountain near Spitalgasse 21 in Bern, Switzerland. It is one of the Old City of Bern's 16th-century fountains and is part of the list of Swiss heritage sites of national significance.The Pfeiferbrunnen was built in 1545\u201346 by the Swiss Renaissance sculptor Hans Gieng, based on the 1514 Albrecht D\u00fcrer woodcut of the Bagpiper. Originally, it stood in front of the Gasthaus (hotel and restaurant) zum Kreuz, which was a hotel for traveling minstrels. In 1594 the building was renamed to Gasthof zum Storchen. Which led to the alternate name for the Pfeiferbrunnen, the Storchenbrunnen. This alternative name was popular until the end of the 19th century. During the renovation of 1874, an inscription was placed on the back of the statue, and the figures on the pillar were damaged. The current basin was built in 1889. Then, in 1919 the fountain was moved to the east from its original spot between Ryffli- and Storcheng\u00e4sschen, to its current location in front of Spitalgasse 21.", "Q3391460": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Castellano is a Spanish businessman, born in A Coru\u00f1a, Galicia, Spain in 1947.Castellano is the former CEO and Deputy Chairman of the Inditex Group, which is one of the largest fashion groups in the world and includes brand stores such as Zara, Massimo Dutti, and Bershka. He also takes part into the strategy of N.M. Rothschild as a senior advisor.", "Q235972": "Morgan Fairchild (born Patsy Ann McClenny; February 3, 1950) is an American actress. She began acting in the late 1970s and early 1980s with continuing roles in several television series.\nFairchild began her career on the CBS daytime soap opera Search for Tomorrow as Jennifer Pace from 1973 to 1977. In 1978, she appeared on the primetime soap opera Dallas as the first actress to portray Jenna Wade, before taking a lead role on the NBC series Flamingo Road in 1980 (for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama). In 1984, she co-starred on ABC's short-lived television drama Paper Dolls, and then appeared on Falcon Crest as attorney Jordan Roberts from 1985 to 1986. Fairchild has also performed in theater and played guest roles on television comedies, including Murphy Brown (for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series), Roseanne, Cybill and Friends. She is a board member of SAG-AFTRA.", "Q411447": "Ofloxacin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. When taken by mouth or injection into a vein, these include pneumonia, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, plague, and certain types of infectious diarrhea. Other uses, along with other medications, include treating multidrug resistant tuberculosis. An eye drop may be used for a superficial bacterial infection of the eye and an ear drop may be used for otitis media when a hole in the ear drum is present.When taken by mouth, common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and rash. Other serious side effect include tendon rupture, numbness due to nerve damage, seizures, and psychosis. Use in pregnancy is typically not recommended. Ofloxacin is in the fluoroquinolone family of medications. It works by interfering with the bacterium's DNA.Ofloxacin was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1985. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. Ofloxacin is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$3.27 per month. In the United States, a course of treatment costs about $50\u2013100. In 2016, it was the 299th-most prescribed medication in the United States with more than a million prescriptions.", "Q42574": "James Francis Cameron (born August 16, 1954) is a Canadian filmmaker and environmentalist, who is best known for making science fiction and epic films for the Hollywood mainstream. Cameron first gained recognition for directing The Terminator (1984). He found further critical and commercial success with Aliens (1986), The Abyss (1989), Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) and True Lies (1994). His other productions include Titanic (1997) and Avatar (2009), the former earning him Academy Awards in Best Picture, Best Director and Best Film Editing. Avatar, filmed in 3D technology, also garnered him nominations in the same categories.\nHe also co-founded Lightstorm Entertainment, Digital Domain and Earthship Productions. In addition to his filmmaking, he is a National Geographic explorer of the sea and has produced a number of documentaries on the subject. Cameron contributed to underwater filming and remote vehicle technologies and helped create the digital 3D Fusion Camera System. In 2012, Cameron became the first person to perform a solo descent to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the Earth's ocean, in the Deepsea Challenger submersible.In total, Cameron's films have grossed approximately US$2 billion in North America and US$6 billion worldwide. Cameron's Avatar and Titanic are the second and third highest-grossing films of all time, earning $2.78 billion and $2.19 billion, respectively. Cameron holds the achievement of having directed the first two of the five films in history to gross over $2 billion worldwide. In 2010, Time magazine named Cameron one of the 100 most influential people in the world.", "Q157197": "Aden Abdulle Osman Daar (Somali: Aadan Cabdulle Cismaan Daar, Arabic: \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0631\u200e) (December 9, 1908 \u2013 June 8, 2007), popularly known as Aden Adde, was a Somali politician who served as the first president of Somalia from July 1, 1960 to July 6, 1967. A leader of the Mudug Regional Council, he was the first President of the Somali Republic present-day known as Somalia. He previously served in the Somali Youth League In 1944. In 1946, he was named Secretary of the party's section in Beledweyne, Somalia. In 1951, the Mudug Regional Council appointed him for the Regional Council, and two years later, he became Vice President of the Regional Council. In 1944, he joined the Somali Youth League. From 1954 until 1956, he was the President of the Somali Youth League. He was re-elected in May of 1958, and he continued to hold this position simultaneously along with that of President of the Legislative Assembly until 1960. \nOsman Daar was born in Beledweyne, Somalia. He studied at government schools, and worked as a community organizer. Somalia was colonized by the Italian government from 1889 to 1941. From 1929 to 1941, Osman Daar served in the Italian Colonial Administration advocating for Somalia's independence from colonization. He was a proponent for the oneness and unity of all Somalis. \nIn 1960, Osman Daar garnered national attention, and won the favor of the Somali people. He was formally and democratically elected as the first president of Somalia in July 1, 1960. On July 1, 1960, the United Nations approved Somalia's independence, and subsequently united with the former \"British protectorate\" of northern Somalia, which had already victoriously obtained its independence on June 26, 1960. His administration was focused on dismantling the legacy of colonialism and fostering unity among the Somali people.", "Q1388990": "Pedro Figari (June 29, 1861 \u2013 July 24, 1938) was a Uruguayan painter, lawyer, writer, and politician. Although he did not begin the practice until his later years, he is best known as an early modernist painter who emphasized capturing the everyday aspects of life in his work. In most of his pieces, he attempts to capture the essence of his home by painting local customs that he had observed in his childhood.\nFigari painted primarily from memory, a technique that gives his work a far more personal feeling. With his unique style, which involved painting without the intention to create an illusion, he, along with other prominent Latin-American artists such as Diego Rivera and Tarsila do Amaral, sparked a revolution of identity in the art world of Latin America.", "Q24829": "George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 \u2013 October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer and producer who is remembered for his innovative work in radio, theatre and film. He is considered one of the greatest filmmakers of all time.While in his twenties Welles directed a number of high-profile stage productions for the Federal Theatre Project, including an adaptation of Macbeth with an entirely African American cast and the political musical The Cradle Will Rock. In 1937 he and John Houseman founded the Mercury Theatre, an independent repertory theatre company that presented a series of productions on Broadway through 1941, including Caesar (1937), a Broadway adaptation of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar.\nIn 1938, his radio anthology series The Mercury Theatre on the Air gave Welles the platform to find international fame as the director and narrator of a radio adaptation of H. G. Wells's novel The War of the Worlds, which caused widespread panic because many listeners thought that an invasion by extraterrestrial beings was actually occurring. Although some contemporary sources say these reports of panic were mostly false and overstated, they rocketed Welles to notoriety.\nHis first film was Citizen Kane (1941), which is consistently ranked as the greatest film ever made, which he co-wrote, produced, directed and starred in as Charles Foster Kane. Welles released twelve other features, the most acclaimed of which include The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), The Lady from Shanghai (1947), Touch of Evil (1958), The Trial (1962), Chimes at Midnight (1966) and F for Fake (1973). His distinctive directorial style featured layered and nonlinear narrative forms, uses of lighting such as chiaroscuro, unusual camera angles, sound techniques borrowed from radio, deep focus shots and long takes. He has been praised as \"the ultimate auteur\".Welles was an outsider to the studio system, and struggled for creative control on his projects early on with the major film studios in Hollywood and later in life with a variety of independent financiers across Europe, where he spent most of his career. Many of his films were either heavily edited or remained unreleased. Some, like Touch of Evil, have been painstakingly re-edited from his notes. With a development spanning almost 50 years, Welles's final film, The Other Side of the Wind, was released in 2018.\nWelles had three marriages, including one with Rita Hayworth, and three children. Known for his baritone voice, Welles performed extensively across theatre, radio and film. He was a lifelong magician noted for presenting troop variety shows in the war years. In 2002 he was voted the greatest film director of all time in two British Film Institute polls among directors and critics. In 2018 he was included in the list of the 50 greatest Hollywood actors of all time by The Daily Telegraph.", "Q90432": "Erik Frey (1 March 1908 \u2013 2 September 1988) was an Austrian film actor. He appeared in more than 110 films between 1936 and 1988. He was born and died in Vienna, Austria. He was married to the actress Jane Tilden.", "Q2849296": "Ange Leccia (born 19 April 1952) is a contemporary French painter, photographer and film-maker. He works in Paris primarily with photography and video.", "Q712690": "Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e; 15 August 1931 \u2013 22 December 2018), formerly also called The Red Prince, was a senior member of the Saudi royal family. He was notable for his liberal stance, striving for a national Constitution, the full rule of law and equality before the law. He was also the leader of Free Princes Movement.", "Q328937": "Identity Card (Czech: Ob\u010dansk\u00fd pr\u016fkaz) is a 2010 Czech comedy film by Ond\u0159ej Trojan based on a story by Petr \u0160abach. The film premiered on 21 October 2010.The story, which takes place in Prague in the years 1974\u201377, tells about a group of fellow students: Peter, Cinderella, Ales and Mita. The film begins when Peter receives his identity card on his fifteenth birthday.\n\n", "Q3134064": "Herman Cyril McNeile, MC (28 September 1888 \u2013 14 August 1937), commonly known as Cyril McNeile and publishing under the name H. C. McNeile or the pseudonym Sapper, was a British soldier and author. Drawing on his experiences in the trenches during the First World War, he started writing short stories and getting them published in the Daily Mail. As serving officers in the British Army were not permitted to publish under their own names, he was given the pen name \"Sapper\" by Lord Northcliffe, the owner of the Daily Mail; the nickname was based on that of his corps, the Royal Engineers.\nAfter the war McNeile left the army and continued writing, although he changed from war stories to thrillers. In 1920 he published Bulldog Drummond, whose eponymous hero became his best-known creation. The character was based on McNeile himself, on his friend Gerard Fairlie and on English gentlemen generally. McNeile wrote ten Bulldog Drummond novels, as well as three plays and a screenplay.\nMcNeile interspersed his Drummond work with other novels and story collections that included two characters who appeared as protagonists in their own works, Jim Maitland and Ronald Standish. He was one of the most successful British popular authors of the inter-war period before his death in 1937 from throat cancer, which has been attributed to damage sustained from a gas attack in the war.\nMcNeile's stories are either directly about the war, or contain people whose lives have been shaped by it. His thrillers are a continuation of his war stories, with upper class Englishmen defending England from foreigners plotting against it. Although he was seen at the time as \"simply an upstanding Tory who spoke for many of his countrymen\", after the Second World War his work was criticised as having fascist overtones, while also displaying the xenophobia and anti-semitism apparent in some other writers of the period.", "Q4025864": "Ashley Elizabeth Atkinson (born August 6, 1977), known professionally as Ashlie Atkinson, is an American character actress who works in movies and television (with over 75 credits) \u2013 as well as in theater. Atkinson is known for her work as Ace on Happy!, Peaches in the Netflix film Juanita, as Connie in the Spike Lee film BlacKkKlansman, and Janice in the last season of Mr. Robot.", "Q171150": "The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the 20th century (1000\u20131946 with the exception of 1918\u20131920). The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom around the year 1000; his family (the \u00c1rp\u00e1d dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years. By the 12th century, the kingdom became a European middle power within the Western world.Due to the Ottoman occupation of the central and southern territories of Hungary in the 16th century, the country was partitioned into three parts: the Habsburg Royal Hungary, Ottoman Hungary, and the semi-independent Principality of Transylvania. The House of Habsburg held the Hungarian throne after the Battle of Moh\u00e1cs until 1918 and also played a key role in the liberation wars against the Ottoman Empire.\nFrom 1867, territories connected to the Hungarian crown were incorporated into Austria-Hungary under the name of Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen. The monarchy ended with the deposition of the last king Charles IV in 1918, after which Hungary became a republic. The kingdom was nominally restored during the \"Regency\" of 1920\u201346, ending under the Soviet occupation in 1946.The Kingdom of Hungary was a multiethnic state from its inception until the Treaty of Trianon and it covered what is today Hungary, Slovakia, Transylvania and other parts of Romania, Carpathian Ruthenia (now part of Ukraine), Vojvodina (now part of Serbia), the territory of Burgenland (now part of Austria), Me\u0111imurje (now part of Croatia), Prekmurje (now part of Slovenia) and a few villages in Poland. From 1102 it also included Croatia, being in personal union with it, united under the King of Hungary.\nAccording to the demographers, about 80 percent of the population was made up of Hungarians before the Battle of Moh\u00e1cs, however in the mid-19th century out of a population of 14 million less than 6 million were Hungarian due to the resettlement policies and continuous immigration from neighboring countries. Major territorial changes made Hungary ethnically homogeneous after World War I. Nowadays, more than nine-tenths of the population is ethnically Hungarian and speaks Hungarian as the mother tongue.\nToday, the feast day of the first king Stephen I (20 August) is a national holiday in Hungary, commemorating the foundation of the state (Foundation Day).", "Q87628": "Rudolf (Rudi) Jahn (November 4, 1906 \u2013 September 30, 1990) was a German politician (KPD, SED) and Minister-President of Brandenburg (1949\u20131952). He was born in Leipzig.", "Q202660": "The Coll\u00e8ge de France (French pronunciation: \u200b[k\u0254l\u025b\u0292 d\u0259 f\u0281\u0251\u0303s]), founded in 1530, is a higher education and research establishment (grand \u00e9tablissement) in France. It is located in Paris, in the 5th arrondissement, or Latin Quarter, across the street from the historical campus of La Sorbonne. \nThe Coll\u00e8ge is considered to be France's most prestigious research establishment. As of 2017, 21 Nobel Prize winners and 8 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with the Coll\u00e8ge. It does not grant degrees. Each professor is required to give lectures where attendance is free and open to anyone. Professors, about 50 in number, are chosen by the professors themselves, from a variety of disciplines, in both science and the humanities. The motto of the Coll\u00e8ge is Docet Omnia, Latin for \"It teaches everything\"; its goal is to \"teach science in the making\" and can be best summed up by Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phrase: \"Not acquired truths, but the idea of freely-executed research\" which is inscribed in golden letters above the main hall. \nThe Coll\u00e8ge has research laboratories and one of the best research libraries of Europe, with sections focusing on history with rare books, humanities, social sciences and also chemistry and physics. \nAs of June 2009, over 650 audio podcasts of Coll\u00e8ge de France lectures are available on iTunes. Some are also available in English and Chinese. Similarly, the Coll\u00e8ge de France's website hosts several videos of classes.\nThe classes are followed by various students, from senior researchers to PhD or master students, or even bachelor students. Moreover, the \"le\u00e7ons inaugurales\" (first lesson) are important events in Paris intellectual and social life and attract a very large public of curious Parisians.", "Q4866845": "Bashir Maan CBE (October 1926 \u2013 20 December 2019) was a Pakistani-Scottish politician, businessman, judge, community worker and writer. In 1970 he became the first Muslim to be elected to a representative office in the United Kingdom, serving as a Labour Party councillor for the Kingston ward of the City of Glasgow Corporation.", "Q49347": "Melvin Ellis Calvin (April 8, 1911 \u2013 January 8, 1997) was an American biochemist known for discovering the Calvin cycle along with Andrew Benson and James Bassham, for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He spent most of his five-decade career at the University of California, Berkeley.", "Q634125": "George Gerbner (August 8, 1919 \u2013 December 24, 2005) was a professor of communication and the founder of cultivation theory. \nOf Jewish descent, born in Budapest, Hungary, he emigrated to the United States after Kristallnacht in early 1939. Gerbner earned his bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1942. He worked briefly for the San Francisco Chronicle as a writer, columnist and assistant financial editor. He joined the US Army in 1943, and later the Office of Strategic Services while serving, and received the Bronze Star. Gerbner was honorably discharged as a First Lieutenant. After the war he worked as a freelance writer and publicist and taught journalism at El Camino College while earning a master's (1951) and doctorate (1955) in communications at the University of Southern California. His dissertation, \"Toward a General Theory of Communication,\" won USC's award for \"best dissertation.\" \nHe had been Dean of the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania (1964\u20131989), and presided over the school's growth and influence in Communication Theory in academia. After leaving Annenberg, he became the Bell Atlantic Professor of Telecommunication at Temple University in 1997. \nGerbner established the Cultural Indicators Research Project in 1968 to document trends in television content and how these changes affect viewers' perceptions of the world. He coined the phrase \"mean world syndrome\" to describe the fact that people who watch large amounts of television are more likely to perceive the world as a dangerous and frightening place.In the article Science on Television: How It Affects Public Conceptions, Gerbner touched on the fact that prime time television has an abundance of professionals being portrayed. Of all of the professionals, scientists seemed to be portrayed in a slightly more negative light. Scientists tended to be portrayed as \u201csmarter and stronger than other professionals.\" While these may not be bad things, they tend to be unbecoming characteristics that could shed a negative light on the entire profession. Although Gerber does mention that TV did not invent the negative perception of science, it does marginalize the field.Gerbner testified before a Congressional subcommittee on communications in 1981. He said that \"The most general and prevalent association with television viewing is a heightened sense of living in a 'mean world' of violence and danger. Fearful people are more dependent, more easily manipulated and controlled, more susceptible to deceptively simple, strong, tough measures and hard-line postures.... They may accept and even welcome repression if it promises to relieve their insecurities. That is the deeper problem of violence-laden television.\"He taught at Temple University, Villanova University, and the University of Pennsylvania. After leaving Penn in 1990, he founded the Cultural Environment movement, an advocacy group promoting greater diversity in communication media.Gerbner was diagnosed with cancer in late November, 2005, and died on December 24, 2005 at his apartment in Center City, Philadelphia.\nBetween 2010 and 2014, a conference on communication, conflict, and aggression was held periodically in Budapest in honor of the late Dr. Gerbner. The conference was co-organized by Dr. Jol\u00e1n R\u00f3ka of Budapest Metropolitan University and Dr. Rebecca M. Chory, currently of Frostburg State University.", "Q623459": "Silicon Graphics, Inc. (stylized as SiliconGraphics before 1999, later rebranded SGI, historically known as Silicon Graphics Computer Systems or SGCS) was an American high-performance computing manufacturer, producing computer hardware and software. Founded in Mountain View, California in November 1981 by Jim Clark, its initial market was 3D graphics computer workstations, but its products, strategies and market positions developed significantly over time.\nEarly systems were based on the Geometry Engine that Clark and Marc Hannah had developed at Stanford University, and were derived from Clark's broader background in computer graphics. The Geometry Engine was the first very-large-scale integration (VLSI) implementation of a geometry pipeline, specialized hardware that accelerated the \"inner-loop\" geometric computations needed to display three-dimensional images. For much of its history, the company focused on 3D imaging and was a major supplier of both hardware and software in this market.\nSilicon Graphics reincorporated as a Delaware corporation in January 1990. Through the mid to late-1990s, the rapidly improving performance of commodity Wintel machines began to erode SGI's stronghold in the 3D market. The porting of Maya to other platforms is a major event in this process. SGI made several attempts to address this, including a disastrous move from their existing MIPS platforms to the Intel Itanium, as well as introducing their own Linux-based Intel IA-32 based workstations and servers that failed in the market. In the mid-2000s the company repositioned itself as a supercomputer vendor, a move that also failed.\nOn April 1, 2009, SGI filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and announced that it would sell substantially all of its assets to Rackable Systems, a deal finalized on May 11, 2009, with Rackable assuming the name Silicon Graphics International. The remains of Silicon Graphics, Inc. became Graphics Properties Holdings, Inc.", "Q345259": "Steven Brill (born May 27, 1962) is an American actor, film producer, director, and screenwriter. He directed and co-wrote Little Nicky and directed Mr. Deeds, Without A Paddle, Heavyweights, and Drillbit Taylor. He has had cameo roles in all three Mighty Ducks movies, and appeared in The Wedding Singer, Mr. Deeds and Knocked Up, although his role in the latter has been miscredited to Judd Apatow. He also appeared as the Barfly in Sex, Lies, and Videotape.\nAs a director, Brill was one of the central players (alongside Harvey Weinstein) in the 2007/2008 Fanboys reshoot/editing controversy.", "Q200077": "Morioka (\u76db\u5ca1\u5e02, Morioka-shi) is the capital city of Iwate Prefecture located in the T\u014dhoku region of northern Japan. As of 1 June 2019, the city had an estimated population of 293,138, and a population density of 331 persons per km\u00b2. The total area of the city is 886.47 square kilometres (342.27 sq mi).", "Q720622": "Sean Divine Jacobs (born November 9, 1976), better known as Sheek Louch (also known as Donnie Def Jam), is a rapper best known as a member of The LOX and founder of D-Block Records, along with Styles P and Jadakiss.\n\n", "Q218638": "Not to be confused with British actress Betty Compton.\n\nOlivia Joyce Compton (January 27, 1907 \u2013 October 13, 1997) was an American actress.", "Q219526": "Fayetteville is the third-largest city in Arkansas and county seat of Washington County. The city is centrally located within the county and has been home of the University of Arkansas since the institution's founding in 1871. Fayetteville is on the outskirts of the Boston Mountains, deep within the Ozarks. Known as Washington until 1829, the city was named after Fayetteville, Tennessee, from which many of the settlers had come. It was incorporated on November 3, 1836 and was rechartered in 1867. The four-county Northwest Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area is ranked 105th in terms of population in the United States with 463,204 in 2010 according to the United States Census Bureau. The city had a population of 73,580 at the 2010 Census.Fayetteville is home to the University of Arkansas, the state's largest university. When classes are in session, thousands of students on campus dramatically change the city's demographics. Thousands of Arkansas Razorbacks alumni and fans travel to Fayetteville to attend football, basketball, and baseball games. The University's men's cross country and track and field program has won 41 national championships to date. Fayetteville was named the third best place to live in the United States in the 2016 U.S. News Best Places To Live Rankings, and one of the best places to retire in the South. Forbes also ranked Fayetteville as the 24th-best city for business and careers in 2016. Lonely Planet named Fayetteville among its top 20 places to visit in the South in 2016. The city hosts the Walmart Shareholders Meetings each year at the Bud Walton Arena.", "Q2824720": "Adolfo Calero Portocarrero (December 22, 1931 \u2013 June 2, 2012) was a Nicaraguan businessman and the leader of the Nicaraguan Democratic Force, the largest rebel group of the Contras, opposing the Sandinista government.Calero was responsible for managing the bank accounts into which money was deposited and then used to buy supplies and arms for the Contras. He was brought to testify at hearings of the US Congress in May 1987.", "Q4412": "West Africa is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, as well as the United Kingdom Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. The population of West Africa is estimated at about 381 million people as of 2018, and at 381,981,000 as of 2017, of which 189,672,000 are female and 192,309,000 male.", "Q26780": "Daiki Arioka (\u6709\u5ca1 \u5927\u8cb4, Arioka Daiki, born April 15, 1991) is a Japanese idol, actor, tarento, model and singer as well as member of Hey! Say! JUMP. He is under the management of Johnny & Associates.", "Q57179": "Ernst Udet (26 April 1896 \u2013 17 November 1941) was a German pilot during World War I and a Luftwaffe Colonel-General (Generaloberst) during World War II.\nUdet joined the Imperial German Air Service at age 19, eventually becoming a notable flying ace of World War I, scoring 62 confirmed victories by the end of his life. The highest scoring German fighter pilot to survive that war, and the second-highest scoring after Manfred von Richthofen, his commander in the Flying Circus, Udet rose to become a squadron commander under Richthofen, and later under Hermann G\u00f6ring. Udet spent the 1920s and early 1930s as a stunt pilot, international barnstormer, light aircraft manufacturer, and playboy.\nIn 1933, Udet joined the Nazi Party and became involved in the early development of the Luftwaffe, where he was appointed director of research and development. Influential in the adoption of dive bombing techniques as well as the Stuka dive bomber, by 1939 Udet had risen to the post of Director-General of Equipment for the Luftwaffe. The stress of the position and his distaste for administrative duties led to Udet developing alcoholism.\nThe launch of Operation Barbarossa, combined with issues with the Luftwaffe's needs for equipment outstripping Germany's production capacity and increasingly poor relations with the Nazi Party, caused Udet to commit suicide on 17 November 1941 by shooting himself in the head. \"Our defeat was caused by Udet,\" Hitler would claim. \"That man concocted the most nonsensical state of affairs ever seen in the history of the Luftwaffe.\"\n\n", "Q71800": "Fritz Weitzel (27 April 1904 \u2013 19 June 1940) was a German SS commander during the Nazi era.\nWeitzel became a member of the Nazi Party in 1925 and of SS in 1926. In 1930 he was promoted leader of the SS in the Rheinland and Ruhr. He became Polizeipr\u00e4sident in D\u00fcsseldorf in 1933, and H\u00f6herer SS- und Polizeif\u00fchrer West in 1938. During 1939 Weitzel wrote the book Celebrations of the SS Family which described the holidays to be celebrated and how married SS men and their families should celebrate them. This book, written by Weitzel, described how the Julleuchter, a Yuletide gift by Himmler to the SS, should be used. Following the German invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940, Weitzel was sent to Norway on 21 April to become H\u00f6herer SS- und Polizeif\u00fchrer in the country's capital, Oslo. However, he was killed two months later by shrapnel in an aerial attack on his home town, D\u00fcsseldorf, during a visit on 19 June 1940. \n He is buried in the cemetery at D\u00fcsseldorf.", "Q271856": "Jean Stapleton (born Jeanne Murray; January 19, 1923 \u2013 May 31, 2013) was an American character actress of stage, television and film.\nStapleton is best known for playing Edith Bunker, the long-suffering yet devoted wife of Archie Bunker, on the 1970s sitcom All in the Family, a role that earned her three Emmys and two Golden Globes for Best Actress in a comedy series. She also made occasional appearances on the All in the Family follow-up series Archie Bunker's Place, but asked to be written out of the show during the first season due to becoming tired of the role.", "Q28975": "Christopher Marlowe, also known as Kit Marlowe (; baptised 26 February 1564 \u2013 30 May 1593), was an English playwright, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. Marlowe was the foremost Elizabethan tragedian of his day. He greatly influenced William Shakespeare, who was born in the same year as Marlowe and who rose to become the pre-eminent Elizabethan playwright after Marlowe's mysterious early death. Marlowe's plays are known for the use of blank verse and their overreaching protagonists.\nSome scholars believe that a warrant was issued for Marlowe's arrest on 18 May 1593. No reason was given for it, though it was thought to be connected to allegations of blasphemy\u2014a manuscript believed to have been written by Marlowe was said to contain \"vile heretical conceipts\". On 20 May, he was brought to the court to attend on the Privy Council for questioning. There is no record of their having met that day and his being commanded to attend on them each day thereafter, until \"licensed to the contrary\". Ten days later, he was stabbed to death by Ingram Frizer. Whether or not the stabbing was connected to his arrest remains unknown.", "Q1262385": "Ehud Asherie (born 1979) is a jazz pianist and organist.\n\n", "Q662377": "The Progressive People's Party (German: Fortschrittliche Volkspartei, FVP) was a social liberal party of the late German Empire.", "Q1591730": "Antonio Franco Lago, known as Anthony Lago or Tony Lago, (Venice, 28 March 1893 \u2013 Paris, 1 December 1960) was an Italian engineer and motor-industry entrepreneur. In 1936 he bought Automobiles Talbot S.A. from his employers, the collapsed Anglo-French S.T.D. Motors combine, and founded the motor-racing marque Talbot-Lago.The French government awarded him the Legion d\u2019Honneur for the glory he brought to France.", "Q1376496": "The European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) is a pan-European think tank with offices in seven European capitals. Launched in October 2007, it conducts research on European foreign and security policy and provides a meeting space for decision-makers, activists and influencers to share ideas. ECFR builds coalitions for change at the European level and promotes informed debate about Europe's role in the world. ECFR has offices in Berlin, London, Madrid, Paris, Rome, Warsaw and Sofia.\nECFR was founded in 2007 by Mark Leonard together with a council of fifty founding members, chaired by Martti Ahtisaari, Joschka Fischer, and Mabel van Oranje, with initial funding from George Soros\u2019s Open Society Foundations, the Communitas Foundation, Sigrid Rausing, Unicredit and Fundaci\u00f3n Para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Di\u00e1logo Exterior (FRIDE).ECFR's Council brings together over 300 Europeans from across Europe. Currently chaired by Carl Bildt, Lykke Friis and Norbert R\u00f6ttgen, ECFR's strategic community includes serving foreign ministers, former prime ministers, members of national parliaments and European Parliament, EU Commissioners, former NATO secretaries generals, thinkers, journalists and business leaders. The Council gathers once a year as a full body for the Annual Council Meeting, hosted in a different European capital each year. The Council is the strongest and most visible expression of ECFR's pan-European identity.\n\n", "Q4530046": "Saint Eluned (Welsh: Eiliwedd; Latin: Almedha or Elevetha), also known as Aled and by other names, was a 5th- or 6th-century virgin martyr from modern Brecon. George Phillips, writing for the Catholic Encyclopedia, calls her \"the Luned of the Mabinogion and the Lynette of Tennyson's Gareth and Lynette.\".", "Q3920109": "Prince Aleksander Antoni Sapieha (1773-1812) was a Polish nobleman, miecznik of the Duchy of Warsaw, naturalist, traveler, politician, chamberlain and adjutant of Emperor Napoleon I.", "Q228937": "Au Hasard Balthazar (French pronunciation: \u200b[o a.za\u0281 bal.ta.za\u0281]; meaning \"Balthazar, at Random\"), also known as Balthazar, is a 1966 French drama film directed by Robert Bresson. Believed to be inspired by a passage from Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel The Idiot, the film follows a donkey as he is given to various owners, most of whom treat him callously.\nNoted for Bresson's ascetic directorial style and regarded as a work of profound emotional effect, it is frequently listed as one of the greatest films of all time.", "Q241981": "Michael Bl\u00fcmelhuber (born September 23, 1865, Christkindl, Unterhimmel-Christkindl (now a part of Steyr), Upper Austria \u2014 January 1936, Steyr) was a famous Austrian metalcutter. In 1910 he founded a master craftsman studio in Steyr, which closed in 1943. By the use of the Ajoure technique (often mislabeled as filigree) he brought metalcutting to a higher artistic level. He became internationally known through his participation in the World Fairs 1900 in Paris and 1902 in London.", "Q237817": "Justine Tanya Bateman (born February 19, 1966) is an American writer, director, and producer. Her former acting work includes Family Ties, Satisfaction, Men Behaving Badly, The TV Set, Desperate Housewives, and Californication. Her feature film directorial debut, Violet, starring Olivia Munn, Luke Bracey, and Justin Theroux, will premiere at the 2020 SXSW Film Festival. Bateman also wrote and produced the film Five Minutes, the film short she wrote, directed, and produced, premiered at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival.", "Q84335": "Alois Brunner (8 April 1912 \u2013 2001) was an Austrian Schutzstaffel (SS) officer who worked as Adolf Eichmann's assistant. Brunner is held responsible for sending over 100,000 European Jews to ghettos and concentration camps in eastern Europe. He was commander of the Drancy internment camp outside Paris from June 1943 to August 1944, from which nearly 24,000 people were deported.\nAfter some narrow escapes from the Allies in the immediate aftermath of World War II, Brunner fled West Germany in 1954, first for Egypt, then Syria, where he remained until his death. He was the object of many manhunts and investigations over the years by different groups, including the Simon Wiesenthal Center, the Klarsfelds and others. He was condemned to death in absentia in France in 1954 for crimes against humanity. He lost an eye and then the fingers of his left hand as a result of letter bombs sent to him in 1961 and 1980, reportedly by Israeli intelligence. The government of Syria under Hafez el-Assad came close to extraditing him to East Germany before this plan was halted by the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989. Brunner survived all the attempts to detain him and was unrepentant about his activities to the end. During his long residence in Syria, Brunner was reportedly granted asylum, a generous salary and protection by the ruling Ba'ath Party in exchange for his advice on effective torture and interrogation techniques used by the Germans in World War II.Starting in the 1990s and continuing for two decades, there was periodic media speculation about Brunner's exact whereabouts and his possible demise. In November 2014, the Simon Wiesenthal Center reported that Brunner had died in Syria in 2010, and that he was buried somewhere in Damascus. The exact date of death and place of death are unknown, with recent information pointing to 2001 as the year of his death.", "Q16657": "The Bifertenstock (Romansh: Piz Durschin) is a mountain in the Glarus Alps, located at an elevation of 3,419 m (11,217 ft) on the border between the cantons of Glarus (north) and Graub\u00fcnden (south), its peak, however, is located about 25 metres south of the border. It overlooks four valleys: the valley of the Biferten Glacier to the north-west, the Griess Glacier to the north-east, the Val Punteglias to the south, which leads down to Trun, and the Val Frisal on the south-east. Glaciers cover both sides of the mountain, but are smaller on the southern side.The mountain lies in the municipalities of Trun and Breil/Brigels, in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden, and Glarus S\u00fcd, in the canton of Glarus. The nearest settlements are the villages of Trun, to the south, and Linthal, to the north.", "Q726247": "Franco Grillini (born 14 March 1955) is an Italian politician and Italy's most prominent gay rights activist.", "Q344153": "\u0130smail Cem (born \u0130smail Cem \u0130pek\u00e7i, 15 February 1940 \u2013 24 January 2007) was a Turkish centre-leftist politician, intellectual and journalist who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey from 1997 to 2002.\n\n", "Q90340": "Ellen Richter was an Austrian-Jewish film actress of the Silent era. She was married to Willi Wolff, who directed many of her films. Ellen Richter composed her own production company to create her films. She worked primarily in Germany and was one of the foremost actresses of Weimar (German) cinema.", "Q171144": "Pope Celestine II (Latin: Caelestinus II; died 8 March 1144), born Guido di Castello, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 26 September 1143 to his death in 1144. He is the first pope mentioned in the prophecy of Saint Malachy.", "Q441502": "Philippe Jaroussky (born 13 February 1978) is a French countertenor. He began his musical career with the violin, winning an award at the Versailles conservatory, and then took up the piano before turning to singing.\nUnusually for a countertenor, Jaroussky performs entirely in falsetto register. He has said that his natural singing voice is in the baritone range. Jaroussky was inspired to sing by the Martinique-born countertenor Fabrice di Falco. He received his diploma from the Early Music Faculty of the Conservatoire de Paris. Since 1996, he has studied singing with Nicole Fallien. He cofounded the ensemble Artaserse in 2002, and has also often performed with the Ensemble Matheus under Jean-Christophe Spinosi and with L'Arpeggiata under Christina Pluhar.\nOn 29 July 2016 he performed David Bowie's \"Always Crashing in the Same Car\" in the David Bowie Prom at the Royal Albert Hall, London.", "Q1720427": "Mel Henke (Chicago, August 4, 1915 - Los Angeles, March 31, 1979) was an American jazz pianist, Chicago band leader, composer, arranger and jingle writer. Henke studied at the Chicago College of Music, then played with Chicago groups with Mitch Todd, Frank Snyder, Stephen Leonard and others. Henke recorded many jazz standards, with his own arrangements including a 1946 piano solo on Bix Beiderbecke's 1928 In a Mist. His best-known jingles included the Ajax cleanser, \"stronger-than-dirt\" jingle, for Colgate-Palmolive, and \"See the USA in Your Chevrolet\" jingle for Chevrolet.", "Q289647": "David Warren Ellefson (born November 12, 1964) is an American bassist, co-founder and second-longest serving member of the American heavy metal band Megadeth from 1983 to 2002 and again from 2010. He has also been referred to as \"Junior\" to differentiate him from his bandmate Dave Mustaine, but does not go by this name professionally. Ellefson currently resides in Scottsdale, Arizona. In addition to playing bass guitar in Megadeth, Ellefson also has various side projects which include Temple of Brutality, F5, Killing Machine and Metal Allegiance.", "Q159810": "An economy (from Greek \u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 \"household\" and \u03bd\u03ad\u03bco\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u2013 \"manage\") is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services by different agents. Understood in its broadest sense, 'The economy is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with the production, use, and management of resources'. A given economy is the result of a set of processes that involves its culture, values, education, technological evolution, history, social organization, political structure and legal systems, as well as its geography, natural resource endowment, and ecology, as main factors. These factors give context, content, and set the conditions and parameters in which an economy functions. In other words, the economic domain is a social domain of human practices and transactions. It does not stand alone.\nEconomic agents can be individuals, businesses, organizations, or governments. Economic transactions occur when two groups or parties agree to the value or price of the transacted good or service, commonly expressed in a certain currency. However, monetary transactions only account for a small part of the economic domain. \nEconomic activity is spurred by production which uses natural resources, labor and capital. It has changed over time due to technology (automation, accelerator of process, reduction of cost functions), innovation (new products, services, processes, expanding markets, diversification of markets, niche markets, increases revenue functions) such as, that which produces intellectual property and changes in industrial relations (most notably child labor being replaced in some parts of the world with universal access to education). \nA market-based economy is one where goods and services are produced and exchanged according to demand and supply between participants (economic agents) by barter or a medium of exchange with a credit or debit value accepted within the network, such as a unit of currency. A command-based economy is one where political agents directly control what is produced and how it is sold and distributed. A green economy is low-carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive. In a green economy, growth in income and employment is driven by public and private investments that reduce carbon emissions and pollution, enhance energy and resource efficiency, and prevent the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. A gig economy is one in which short-term jobs are assigned or chosen via online platforms. New economy is a term referred to the whole emerging ecosystem where new standards and practices were introduced, usually as a result of technological innovations.\n\n", "Q167726": "Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science fiction adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen. It is the first installment in the Jurassic Park franchise, and is based on the 1990 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton and a screenplay written by Crichton and David Koepp. The film is set on the fictional island of Isla Nublar, located off Central America's Pacific Coast near Costa Rica. There, wealthy businessman John Hammond and a team of genetic scientists have created a wildlife park of de-extinct dinosaurs. When industrial sabotage leads to a catastrophic shutdown of the park's power facilities and security precautions, a small group of visitors and Hammond's grandchildren struggle to survive and escape the perilous island.\nBefore Crichton's novel was published, four studios put in bids for its film rights. With the backing of Universal Studios, Spielberg acquired the rights for $1.5 million before its publication in 1990; Crichton was hired for an additional $500,000 to adapt the novel for the screen. Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novel's exposition and violence and made numerous changes to the characters.\nFilming took place in California and Hawaii between August and November 1992, and post-production rolled until May 1993, supervised by Spielberg in Poland as he filmed Schindler's List. The dinosaurs were created with groundbreaking computer-generated imagery by Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) and with life-sized animatronic dinosaurs built by Stan Winston's team. To showcase the film's sound design, which included a mixture of various animal noises for the dinosaur roars, Spielberg invested in the creation of DTS, a company specializing in digital surround sound formats. The film also underwent an extensive $65 million marketing campaign, which included licensing deals with over 100 companies.\nJurassic Park premiered on June 9, 1993, at the Uptown Theater in Washington, D.C., and was released on June 11 in the United States. It went on to gross over $914 million worldwide in its original theatrical run becoming the highest-grossing film of 1993 and the highest-grossing film ever at the time, a record held until the release of Titanic in 1997. It received highly positive reviews from critics, who praised its special effects, acting, John Williams' musical score, and Spielberg's direction. Following its 3D re-release in 2013 to celebrate its 20th anniversary, Jurassic Park became the seventeenth film in history to surpass $1 billion in ticket sales. The film won more than twenty awards, including three Academy Awards for its technical achievements in visual effects and sound design. Jurassic Park is considered a landmark in the development of computer-generated imagery and animatronic visual effects. The film was followed by four commercially successful sequels: The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997), Jurassic Park III (2001), Jurassic World (2015), and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018), with a fifth sequel, Jurassic World: Dominion, scheduled for a 2021 release.\nIn 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q204205": "Sonja Henie (8 April 1912 \u2013 12 October 1969) was a Norwegian figure skater and film star. She was a three-time Olympic Champion (1928, 1932, 1936) in women's Singles, a ten-time World Champion (1927\u20131936) and a six-time European Champion (1931\u20131936). Henie won more Olympic and World titles than any other ladies' figure skater. At the height of her acting career, she was one of the highest-paid stars in Hollywood and starred in a series of box-office hits, including Thin Ice (1937), Happy Landing (1938 film), My Lucky Star (1938), Second Fiddle (1939) and Sun Valley Serenade (1941).", "Q2031553": "William Hartman Woodin (May 27, 1868 \u2013 May 3, 1934) was a U.S. industrialist. He served as the Secretary of Treasury under Franklin Roosevelt in 1933.\n\n", "Q1218": "Jerusalem (; Hebrew: \u05d9\u05b0\u05e8\u05d5\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05dc\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05dd Yerushal\u00e1yim; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u062f\u0633\u200e al-Quds or Bayt al-Maqdis, also spelled Baitul Muqaddas) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions\u2014Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Both Israel and the Palestinian Authority claim Jerusalem as their capital, as Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there and the State of Palestine ultimately foresees it as its seat of power; however, neither claim is widely recognized internationally.During its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed at least twice, besieged 23 times, captured and recaptured 44 times, and attacked 52 times. The part of Jerusalem called the City of David shows first signs of settlement in the 4th millennium BCE, in the shape of encampments of nomadic shepherds. Jerusalem was named as Urusalim on ancient Egyptian tablets, probably meaning \"City of Shalem\" after a Canaanite deity, during the Canaanite period (14th century BCE). During the Israelite period, significant construction activity in Jerusalem began in the 9th century BCE (Iron Age II), and in the 8th century the city developed into the religious and administrative center of the Kingdom of Judah. In 1538, the city walls were rebuilt for a last time around Jerusalem under Suleiman the Magnificent. Today those walls define the Old City, which has been traditionally divided into four quarters\u2014known since the early 19th century as the Armenian, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Quarters. The Old City became a World Heritage Site in 1981, and is on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Since 1860 Jerusalem has grown far beyond the Old City's boundaries. In 2015, Jerusalem had a population of some 850,000 residents, comprising approximately 200,000 secular Jewish Israelis, 350,000 Haredi Jews and 300,000 Palestinians. In 2016, the population was 882,700, of which Jews comprised 536,600 (60.8%), Muslims 319,800 (36.2%), Christians 15,800 (1.8%), and 10,300 unclassified (1.2%).According to the Bible, King David conquered the city from the Jebusites and established it as the capital of the united kingdom of Israel, and his son, King Solomon, commissioned the building of the First Temple. Modern scholars argue that Jews branched out of the Canaanite peoples and culture through the development of a distinct monolatrous \u2014 and later monotheistic \u2014 religion centered on El/Yahweh, one of the Ancient Canaanite deities. These foundational events, straddling the dawn of the 1st millennium BCE, assumed central symbolic importance for the Jewish people. The sobriquet of holy city (\u05e2\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05e9, transliterated 'ir haqodesh) was probably attached to Jerusalem in post-exilic times. The holiness of Jerusalem in Christianity, conserved in the Septuagint which Christians adopted as their own authority, was reinforced by the New Testament account of Jesus's crucifixion there. In Sunni Islam, Jerusalem is the third-holiest city, after Mecca and Medina. In Islamic tradition, in 610 CE it became the first qibla, the focal point for Muslim prayer (salat), and Muhammad made his Night Journey there ten years later, ascending to heaven where he speaks to God, according to the Quran. As a result, despite having an area of only 0.9 square kilometres (0.35 sq mi), the Old City is home to many sites of seminal religious importance, among them the Temple Mount with its Western Wall, Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Outside the Old City stands the Garden Tomb.\nToday, the status of Jerusalem remains one of the core issues in the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict. During the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War, West Jerusalem was among the areas captured and later annexed by Israel while East Jerusalem, including the Old City, was captured and later annexed by Jordan. Israel captured East Jerusalem from Jordan during the 1967 Six-Day War and subsequently annexed it into Jerusalem, together with additional surrounding territory. One of Israel's Basic Laws, the 1980 Jerusalem Law, refers to Jerusalem as the country's undivided capital. All branches of the Israeli government are located in Jerusalem, including the Knesset (Israel's parliament), the residences of the Prime Minister (Beit Aghion) and President (Beit HaNassi), and the Supreme Court. While the international community rejected the annexation as illegal and treats East Jerusalem as Palestinian territory occupied by Israel, Israel has a stronger claim to sovereignty over West Jerusalem.", "Q52773": "Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne is a municipality in the district of Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.\nIt is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.", "Q2511460": "The Kids Are Alright is a 1979 rockumentary film about the English rock band the Who, including live performances, promotional films and interviews from 1964 to 1978. It notably features the band's last performance with original drummer Keith Moon, filmed three months before his death at Shepperton Studios in May 1978.", "Q265189": "Dana Timothy Milbank (born April 27, 1968) is an American author, and columnist for The Washington Post.\n\n", "Q214770": "Olaf Fjord (August 3, 1897 \u2013 April 19, 1945) was an Austrian actor, born \u00c4milian Maximilian Pouch in Graz.", "Q679757": "Jacques Edmond \u00c9mile Bour (French: [bu\u0281]; 19 May 1832 \u2013 8 March 1866) was a French engineer famous for the Bour formula. His parents were Joseph Bour and Gabrielle Jeunet.He was a student at l'\u00c9cole Polytechnique and graduated at the top of his class in 1852. After teaching for a year as a professor at l'\u00c9cole des Mines de Saint-\u00c9tienne, he became a professor of engineering at l'\u00c9cole Polytechnique. In 1858 he obtained the grand prize in mathematics from the Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences for his treatise on L'int\u00e9gration des \u00e9quations aux d\u00e9riv\u00e9es partielles des premier et deuxi\u00e8me degr\u00e9s.\nHe died at age 34 from an illness contracted during his travels in Asia Minor and Algeria. Most of his work was on the deformation of surfaces, and in particular, he introduced the sine\u2013Gordon equation in 1862.", "Q116861": "Dame Frances Rosemary Walsh (born 10 January 1959) is a New Zealand screenwriter, film producer and lyricist. She has won BAFTA and Oscars for her music, film producing, and script writing.\nThe partner of filmmaker Peter Jackson, Walsh has contributed to all of his films since 1989: as co-writer since Meet the Feebles, and as producer since The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring.", "Q920207": "Hugo Raudsepp (July 10, 1883 \u2013 September 15, 1952) was an influential and prolific Estonian playwright and politician. In 1951 he was deported to the Irkutsk region by the Soviet authorities, where he died.\n\n", "Q108487": "Ernst-J\u00fcrgen Dreyer (20 August 1934, in Oschatz \u2013 3 December 2011, in Neuss) was a German writer, translator, playwright and musicologist.", "Q62868": "Koszalin ([k\u0254\u02c8\u0282al\u02b2in] (listen); German: K\u00f6slin, Kashubian: K\u00f2szal\u00ebno) is a city in northwestern Poland, in Western Pomerania. It is located 12 kilometres (7 miles) south of the Baltic Sea coast, and intersected by the river Dzier\u017c\u0119cinka. Koszalin is also a county-status city and capital of Koszalin County of West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999. Previously, it was a capital of Koszalin Voivodeship (1950\u20131998). The current mayor of Koszalin is Piotr Jedli\u0144ski.", "Q88269": "Karl Zuchardt (10 February 1887 \u2013 12 November 1968) was a German writer of historical novels.\nZuchardt was born in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony. In 1961 he received the Martin Andersen Nex\u00f8-Arts-Award from the city of Dresden, where he later died.\nBooks by Zuchardt include Der Spiessrutenlauf, Stirb Du Narr! (an account of Sir Thomas More's political life), and Wie lange noch Bonaparte?", "Q44111": "Dan Shechtman (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05df \u05e9\u05db\u05d8\u05de\u05df; born January 24, 1941) is the Philip Tobias Professor of Materials Science at the Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology, an Associate of the US Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory, and Professor of Materials Science at Iowa State University. On April 8, 1982, while on sabbatical at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C., Shechtman discovered the icosahedral phase, which opened the new field of quasiperiodic crystals. Shechtman was awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of quasicrystals, making him one of six Israelis who have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.", "Q90426": "Dagmar Belakowitsch-Jenewein (born 24 August 1968 in Vienna) is an Austrian politician for the Freedom Party of Austria (FP\u00d6), currently serving as a Member of the Parliament of Austria, the National Council. She chairs the Committee for Health Affairs and is deputy chair of the parliamentary group of her party.She studied medicine at the University of Vienna and the University of Graz, graduating as Dr. med. univ. She became a board member of the local party in Vienna in 2006, and was elected to the National Council the same year. She succeeded Barbara Rosenkranz as chair of the Committee for Health Affairs in 2008.\nShe is married and has a son.", "Q1634446": "Caleb Quaye (born 9 October 1948), is an English rock guitarist and studio musician best known for his work in the 1960s and 1970s with Elton John, Mick Jagger, Pete Townshend, Paul McCartney, Hall & Oates and Ralph McTell, and also toured with Shawn Phillips in the 1970s. He is the son of Cab Kaye, younger brother of Terri Quaye, and older half-brother of former 1990s singer Finley Quaye.", "Q1511130": "Jesse Holman Jones (April 5, 1874 \u2013 June 1, 1956) was an American Democratic politician and entrepreneur from Houston, Texas. Jones managed a Tennessee tobacco factory at age fourteen, and at nineteen, he was put in charge of his uncle's lumberyards. Five years later, after his uncle, M. T. Jones, died, Jones moved to Houston to manage his uncle's estate and opened a lumberyard company, which grew quickly. During this period, Jesse opened his own business, the South Texas Lumber Company. He also began to expand into real estate, commercial building, and banking. His commercial building activities in Houston included mid-rise and skyscraper office buildings, hotels and apartments, and movie theaters. He constructed the Foster Building, home to the Houston Chronicle, in exchange for a fifty percent share in the newspaper, of which he acquired control in 1926.\nJones's participation in civic life and politics began with the Port of Houston and the Houston Ship Channel. He led a group of local bankers in buying public finance bonds and was later appointed to serve as the Chair of the Houston Harbor Board. He led a local fundraising effort on behalf of the American Red Cross in support of servicemen in World War I. President Wilson tapped Jones to head a division of American Red Cross, a duty he fulfilled between 1917 and 1919. In 1928, he initiated and organized Houston's bid for the 1928 Democratic National Convention.\nJones most important role was in the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) (1932\u20131939), a federal agency originally created in the Herbert Hoover administration which played a major role in combating the Great Depression and financing industrial expansion during World War II. After Hoover first appointed Jones to the board, Roosevelt expanded the powers of the RFC and promoted Jones to the chairmanship in 1933. Jones was in charge of spending US$50 billion, especially in financing railways and building munitions factories. He served as the United States Secretary of Commerce from 1940 to 1945, a post he held concurrently with his chairmanship of the RFC. With the combined authority of these various federal posts, Jones was arguably the second most powerful person in the nation, which is confirmed by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's nickname for him, \"Jesus Jones\".\nAfter leaving Washington, Jesse and Mary Jones focused on philanthropy, working through the Houston Endowment, a non-profit corporation they founded in 1937. Though most of this giving was focused on Texas, some of it flowed to Tennessee and Massachusetts. Much of their philanthropy concentrated on education, including large gifts for a business school at Texas Southern University and another to establish Jones College at Rice University. However, they also made substantial donations to hospitals and for the arts. Many buildings in Houston are named for Jesse Jones, including a music venue in downtown Houston known as Jones Hall.\n\n", "Q171622": "Pope Gregory XIV (Latin: Gregorius XIV; 11 February 1535 \u2013 15 October 1591), born Niccol\u00f2 Sfondrato or Sfondrati, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 5 December 1590 to his death in 1591.", "Q570913": "Jakov Ignjatovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0408\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0418\u0433\u045a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, Szentendre, 8 December 1822 \u2013 Novi Sad, 5 July 1889) was a Serbian 19th century novelist and prose writer from Hungary. He also wrote in Hungarian.", "Q165657": "Princess Beatrice of York (Beatrice Elizabeth Mary; born 8 August 1988) is a member of the British royal family. She is the elder daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah, Duchess of York. She is ninth in line of succession to the British throne, followed by her sister, Princess Eugenie.", "Q174982": "Shingo Mimura (\u4e09\u6751\u7533\u543e, Mimura Shingo, born 16 April 1956) is a Japanese Politician who is currently serving as Governor of Aomori Prefecture since June 29, 2003. He previously served as a member of House of Representatives from June 2000 to June 2003 from Aomori 2nd ward. He also served as a Mayor of his hometown Momoishi, Aomori from the year 1992 to 1996.\n\n", "Q19202": "David Michael \"Dave\" Farrell, better known by his stage name Phoenix (born February 8, 1977) is an American musician, best known as the bassist and backing vocalist of the rock band Linkin Park. He was also a member of Tasty Snax, a pop punk band.", "Q206374": "The Expendables is a 2010 American action film written by David Callaham and Sylvester Stallone, and directed by Stallone, who also starred in the lead role. The film co-stars Jason Statham, Jet Li, Dolph Lundgren, Randy Couture, Terry Crews, Steve Austin and Mickey Rourke. The film was released in the United States on August 13, 2010. It is the first installment in The Expendables film series. This was Dolph Lundgren's first theatrically released film since 1995's Johnny Mnemonic, and Steve Austin's last theatrical release film until 2013's Grown Ups 2.\nThe film is about a group of elite mercenaries tasked with a mission to overthrow a Latin American dictator whom they soon discover to be a mere puppet controlled by a ruthless ex-CIA agent. It pays tribute to the blockbuster action films of the late 1980s and early 1990s. It was distributed by Lionsgate.\nThe Expendables received mixed reviews, praising the action scenes, but criticizing the lack of story. However, it was commercially successful, opening at number one at the box office in the United States, the United Kingdom, China and India, and grossed a total of $274 million worldwide. A sequel, The Expendables 2, was released on August 17, 2012, and another sequel, The Expendables 3, was released on August 15, 2014.", "Q102814": "Guido von Mengden (1896\u20131982) was a German Sports officer. He was a key figure in the Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund f\u00fcr Leibes\u00fcbungen (NSRL), the Sports Office of the Third Reich.\nHis role as a Nazi is the subject of controversy. Historian Hajo Bernett blames him for being one of the main culprits regarding the politization (i.e. nazification) of German sports during the Third Reich.Others believe though that thanks to him some valuable German sports associations were preserved. Guido von Mengden has been praised as the \"spiritual father\" of many post-war sports programs and German sports leader Carl Diem has mentioned him as \"one of the most significant Sports leaders in Europe\" for his work after 1950.", "Q499169": "Tyler is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the largest city and county seat of Smith County. It is also the largest city in Northeast Texas and second largest city of the Ark-La-Tex. With a 2018 census-estimated population of 105,727, Tyler was the thirty-eighth most populous city in Texas and 292nd in the United States. It is the principal city of the Tyler metropolitan statistical area, which is the 199th most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. and 16th in Texas after Waco and the College Station\u2013Bryan areas, with a population of 230,221 in 2018.The city is named for John Tyler, the tenth President of the United States. In 1985, the international Adopt-a-Highway movement originated in Tyler. After appeals by local Texas Department of Transportation officials, the local Civitan International chapter adopted a two-mile (three kilometer) stretch of U.S. Route 69 to maintain. Drivers and other motorists traveling on this segment of U.S. 69 (between Tyler and nearby Lindale) will notice brown road signs that read, \"First Adopt-A-Highway in the World\".\nTyler is known as the \"Rose Capital of America\" (also the \"Rose City\" and the \"Rose Capital of the World\"), a nickname it earned from a long history of rose production, cultivation, and processing. It is home to the largest rose garden in the United States, a 14-acre public garden complex that has over 38,000 rose bushes of at least 500 different varieties. The Tyler Rose Garden is also home to the annual Texas Rose Festival, attracting tourists by the thousands each year in mid-October.As Northeast Texas and Smith County's major economic, educational, financial, medical and cultural hub, Tyler is host to more than 20,000 higher-education students, the University of Texas at Tyler, a university health science center, and regional hospital systems. It is also the headquarters for Brookshire Grocery Company, Cavender's, Southside Bank, and Synthesizers.com. Other corporations with major presence within the city limits and surrounding area include AT&T, T-Mobile US, Cricket Wireless and Metro by T-Mobile, Chase Bank, BBVA, Best Buy, and Walmart. Tyler is also home to the Caldwell Zoo and Broadway Square Mall.", "Q208359": "John Wallis (; Latin: Wallisius; 3 December [O.S. 23 November] 1616 \u2013 8 November [O.S. 28 October] 1703) was an English clergyman and mathematician who is given partial credit for the development of infinitesimal calculus. Between 1643 and 1689 he served as chief cryptographer for Parliament and, later, the royal court. He is credited with introducing the symbol \u221e to represent the concept of infinity. He similarly used 1/\u221e for an infinitesimal. John Wallis was a contemporary of Newton and one of the greatest intellectuals of the early renaissance of mathematics.", "Q276693": "D\u00edas contados (English title: Running Out of Time; literally: Numbered Days) is a 1994 Spanish thriller film directed by Imanol Uribe, starring Javier Bardem, Candela Pe\u00f1a, Carmelo G\u00f3mez and Ruth Gabriel.", "Q46706": "Eug\u00e8ne Ionesco (born Eugen Ionescu, Romanian: [e.u\u02c8d\u0361\u0292en i.o\u02c8nesku] (listen); 26 November 1909 \u2013 28 March 1994) was a Romanian-French playwright who wrote mostly in French, and one of the foremost figures of the French Avant-garde theatre. Beyond ridiculing the most banal situations, Ionesco's plays depict the solitude and insignificance of human existence in a tangible way.", "Q779025": "Cecil John Seddon Purdy (27 March 1906 \u2013 6 November 1979), often referred to as \"C. J. S. Purdy\", was an Australian chess player and writer. He was awarded the titles International Master in 1951 and Grandmaster of correspondence chess in 1959. Purdy was the inaugural world correspondence chess champion. He was also an influential chess magazine writer, editor, and publisher.", "Q78830": "Georg Prochaska (April 10, 1749 in Bl\u00ed\u017ekovice near Mahrisch Budwitz \u2013 July 17, 1820 in Vienna) (first name sometimes referred to as Juri, Ji\u0159\u00ed or Georgius) (Czech: Ji\u0159\u00ed Proch\u00e1ska) was a leading Czech-Austrian anatomist, ophthalmologist, physiologist, writer and university professor. He wrote the first genuine textbook on physiology and created the concept of nerve conduction among other theories. He was a staunch promoter of the modern reflex theory.", "Q2511448": "\u00c9douard Leclerc (French pronunciation: \u200b[edwa\u0281 l\u0259kl\u025b\u0281]; born 20 November 1926 in Landerneau \u2013 died 17 September 2012 in Saint-Divy, Brittany) was a French businessman and entrepreneur who founded the French supermarket chain E.Leclerc in 1948. From his first store, Leclerc's chain has multiplied into more than 550 locations in France and 114 stores outside the country, as of 2012.Leclerc was born in the commune of Landerneau, Finist\u00e8re, in the region of Brittany on 20 November 1926. He died in Saint-Divy, Finist\u00e8re, on 17 September 2012, at the age of 85.", "Q574585": "John Andrew Grande (January 14, 1930 \u2013 June 3, 2006) was a member of Bill Haley's backing band, The Comets.", "Q1230": "Francesco Cossiga (Italian pronunciation: [fran\u02c8t\u0283esko kos\u02c8si\u02d0\u0261a], Sardinian: [\u02c8kosi\u0263a]; 26 July 1928 \u2013 17 August 2010) was an Italian politician. A member of the Christian Democratic Party of Italy, he was Prime Minister of Italy from 1979 to 1980 and the eighth President of Italy from 1985 to 1992. Cossiga is widely considered one of the most prominent and influential politicians of the First Republic.\nCossiga also served as minister on several occasions, most notably as Italian Minister of the Interior. In that position he re-structured the Italian police, civil protection and secret services. Due to his repressive approach to public protests, he has been described as a strongman and labeled \"iron minister\". He was in office at the time of the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro by Red Brigades, and resigned as Minister of the Interior when Moro was found dead in 1978. Cossiga was Prime Minister during the Bologna station bombing in 1980.\nBefore his political career, Cossiga was a professor of constitutional law at the University of Sassari.\n\n", "Q107944": "Arne Birkenstock (born 1967) is a German film director and screenwriter.", "Q983590": "Jim Marrs, born James Farrell Marrs Jr. (December 5, 1943 \u2013 August 2, 2017), was an American newspaper journalist and New York Times best-selling author of books and articles on a wide range of alleged cover-ups and conspiracies. Marrs was a prominent figure in the JFK assassination conspiracy theories community and his book Crossfire was a source for Oliver Stone's film JFK. He wrote books asserting the existence of government conspiracies regarding aliens, 9/11, telepathy, and secret societies. He began his career as a news reporter in the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth\u2013Arlington metroplex and taught a class on the assassination of John F. Kennedy at University of Texas at Arlington for 30 years. Marrs was a member of the Scholars for 9/11 Truth.", "Q116691": "J\u00fcrg Weibel (Bern, August 19, 1944-Basel May 24, 2006) was a Swiss writer, journalist and teacher.\nHe studied medicine, German, history and philology at the University of Basel. He was a member of Gruppe Olten and of P.E.N..", "Q245271": "Evita is a 1996 American musical drama film based on the 1976 concept album of the same name produced by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber, which also inspired a 1978 musical. The film depicts the life of Eva Per\u00f3n, detailing her beginnings, rise to fame, political career and death at the age of 33. Directed by Alan Parker, and written by Parker and Oliver Stone, Evita stars Madonna as Eva, Jonathan Pryce as Eva's husband Juan Per\u00f3n, and Antonio Banderas as Ch\u00e9, an everyman who acts as the film's narrator.\nFollowing the release of the 1976 album, a film adaptation of the musical became mired in development hell for more than fifteen years, as the rights were passed on to several major studios, and various directors and actors considered. In 1993, producer Robert Stigwood sold the rights to Andrew G. Vajna, who agreed to finance the film through his production company Cinergi Pictures, with the Walt Disney Studios distributing the film through Hollywood Pictures. After Stone stepped down from the project in 1994, Parker agreed to write and direct the film. Recording sessions for the songs and soundtrack took place at CTS Studios in London, England, roughly four months before filming. Parker worked with Rice and Lloyd Webber to compose the soundtrack, reworking the original songs by creating the music first and then the lyrics. They also wrote a new song, \"You Must Love Me\", for the film. Principal photography commenced in February 1996 with a budget of $55 million, and concluded in May of that year. Filming took place on locations in Buenos Aires and Budapest, and on soundstages at Shepperton Studios. The film's production in Argentina was met with controversy, as the cast and crew faced protests over fears that the project would tarnish Eva's image.\nEvita premiered at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California, on December 14, 1996. Hollywood Pictures gave the film a platform release, which involved releasing it in select cities before expanding distribution in the following weeks. The film had a limited release on December 25, 1996, before opening nationwide on January 10, 1997. It grossed over $141 million worldwide. The film received a mixed critical response; reviewers praised Madonna's performance, the music, costume designs and cinematography, while criticism was aimed at the pacing and direction. Evita received many awards and nominations, including the Academy Award for Best Original Song (\"You Must Love Me\"), and three Golden Globe Awards for Best Picture \u2013 Comedy or Musical, Best Original Song (\"You Must Love Me\") and Best Actress \u2013 Comedy or Musical (Madonna).", "Q106482": "Philippe Noiret (French pronunciation: \u200b[filip nwa\u0281\u025b]; 1 October 1930 \u2013 23 November 2006) was a French film actor.", "Q158298": "Janusz Marian Palikot ([\u02c8janu\u0282 pa\u02c8lik\u0254t], born 26 October 1964 in Bi\u0142goraj) is a Polish politician, activist and businessman. Palikot studied philosophy and became wealthy as a businessman who dealt with crates and distilled beverages (dealt with international trade with tax havens in the Polish privatization period). He was elected to Sejm on 25 September 2005 in the 6 Lublin district, running on the Civic Platform list, and was re-elected in 2007.\nPalikot left Civic Platform in 2011 and founded Movement of Support, later renamed Palikot's Movement, an anti-clerical and liberal party, which won 10 percent of the vote in the 2011 parliamentary election.", "Q35918": "Nu Virgos (Ukrainian: \u0412\u0406\u0410 \u0413\u0440\u0430) was the name used to promote the musical group VIA Gra (\u0412\u0418\u0410 \u0413\u0440\u0430) outside of Ukraine and other nearby countries. The name VIA Gra is a triple wordplay: it is an allusion to the drug Viagra, also the first three letters \"\u0412\u0406\u0410\" (\"VIA\") stand for \"vocal-instrumental ensemble\" in Ukrainian, and \"\u0413\u0440\u0430\" (\"hra\") means \"game\" or \"play\" in Ukrainian, and it is also kind of a signature of the surnames of the two first girls of the group, VI-nnytsk-A and GRA-novska, the originally used maiden name of Nadya Meikher. Nu Virgos was a Ukrainian girl group that hit the charts in Ukraine and Russia in September 2000 with their first single \"Popytka No. 5\" (\"Attempt No. 5\"). \nTheir first success outside the Russian language area was in May 2004 with the single \"Stop! Stop! Stop!\", an English version of their 2002 Russian song. The group is known for their frequent lineup changes, with 13 different individuals having at one time been in the group. The group was co-created by Dmitriy Kostyuk and Konstantin Meladze. Kostyuk is the manager of the group and the co-producer of the group's albums. Meladze is the writer of the group's songs and the co-producer of the group's albums.", "Q684802": "Huang Jianxiang (simplified Chinese: \u9ec4\u5065\u7fd4; traditional Chinese: \u9ec3\u5065\u7fd4; pinyin: Hu\u00e1ng Ji\u00e0nxi\u00e1ng; born January 20, 1968) is a Chinese sports commentator and television host. He is one of the best-known sports commentators in China, formerly of the state-run network China Central Television (CCTV). He was fairly well received in his commentating of football, particularly at the FIFA World Cup, the German Bundesliga, and the Italian Serie A. Huang has also been a principal commentator for CCTV at the Olympic Games in Atlanta 1996, 2000 Sydney, Athens 2004, Turin 2006.\nHuang received widespread international attention during a World Cup commentary incident on June 26, 2006 when he commentated on the match between Australia and Italy, where he yelled passionately for several minutes in support of Italy. Huang's commentary resulted in widespread controversy and was criticized by his colleagues, online commentators, and some foreign media. He resigned from CCTV in November 2006. Since resigning, Huang has worked for a wide variety of Chinese satellite TV stations, including Hong Kong-based Phoenix TV, sports channel CSPN, and regional satellite stations in Ningxia, Xinjiang, Shenzhen, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Tianjin. He has also worked for LeTV.com.\nSince 2013, Huang has been a host on the show Only You (\u975e\u4f60\u83ab\u5c5e) on Tianjin Television, a game show-style program designed for people seeking employment.", "Q62698": "Georg von Kopp (25 July 1837 \u2013 4 March 1914) was a German Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Bishop of Fulda (1881\u201387) and Prince-Bishop of Breslau (1881\u20131914). He was known for his anti-Polish views and pursued the Germanization of Polish Catholics in his dioceses.", "Q16001005": "24 is an Indian Hindi-language action thriller television series which aired on Colors TV, based on the American series of the same name. It aired from 4 October 2013 through 21 December 2013. It was written by Rensil D'Silva, Bhavani Iyer, directed by Abhinay Deo and produced by Ramesh Deo Productions. Season 2 aired from 9 July 2016 but the show ended on 9 October 2016.\nThe Hindi version of 24 is the first adaptation of the show, the India rights for which were acquired from Fox and 24 producer Howard Gordon by Anil Kapoor Film Company. In November 2011, Kapoor's production house signed a \u20b9100 crore ($20 million) deal to adapt the series. Kapoor plays the lead role in the show. The show is set in Mumbai with the main set of the Anti-Terrorist Unit (ATU) being a replica of the one in the original series. Bollywood actors Anupam Kher and Shabana Azmi both have cameo performances in the show.The season is directed by Abhinay Deo and Rensil D'Silva, written by Rensil D'Silva and Bhavani Iyer and is supervised by Manisha Sharma. The second season aired in July 2016.", "Q193857": "Benjamin Jonson (c. 11 June 1572 \u2013 c. 16 August 1637) was an English playwright and poet, whose artistry exerted a lasting impact upon English poetry and stage comedy. He popularised the comedy of humours. He is best known for the satirical plays Every Man in His Humour (1598), Volpone, or The Fox (c. 1606), The Alchemist (1610) and Bartholomew Fair (1614) and for his lyric and epigrammatic poetry. \"He is generally regarded as the second most important English dramatist, after William Shakespeare, during the reign of James I.\"Jonson was a classically educated, well-read and cultured man of the English Renaissance with an appetite for controversy (personal and political, artistic and intellectual) whose cultural influence was of unparalleled breadth upon the playwrights and the poets of the Jacobean era (1603\u20131625) and of the Caroline era (1625\u20131642).", "Q552224": "Publius Licinius Cornelius Valerianus (died 258), also known as Valerian II, was the eldest son of Roman Emperor Gallienus and Augusta Cornelia Salonina who was of Greek origin and grandson of the Emperor Valerian who was of a noble and traditional senatorial family.\nShortly after his acclamation as Emperor (Augustus) Valerian made Gallienus his co-Emperor and his grandson, Valerian, Caesar, in 256. (For a discussion of the dynastic politics that motivated this process, see the related article on Saloninus). \nThe young Caesar was then established in Sirmium to represent the Licinius family in the government of the troubled Illyrian provinces while Gallienus transferred his attentions to Germany to deal with barbarian incursions into Gaul. Because of his youth (he was probably no more than fifteen at the time), Valerian was put under the guardianship of Ingenuus, who seems to have held an extraordinary command as governor of the Illyrian provinces, i.e. Upper and Lower Pannonia and Upper and Lower Moesia. \nIt is reported that Salonina was not happy with this arrangement. Although she could not publicly dispute the decisions of Valerian, the pater patriae which had been formally agreed by her husband, Gallienus, she suspected Ingenuus's motives and asked an officer called Valentinus, otherwise unknown, to keep an eye on him. Despite this precaution, Valerian died in early 258 in circumstances sufficiently suspicious for Gallienus to attempt to demote Ingenuus. It was this action that sparked the attempted usurpation of the Empire by Ingenuus, who had widespread support among the Illyrian garrisons and the provincial establishment.\nAs in case of his brother, Saloninus, who was later made Caesar in Gaul, the little we know of Valerian's short reign in Illyria is indicative of the chaotic situation that prevailed on the northern frontiers of the Empire under Valerian and Gallienus. It seems to show that the mere presence of a member of the Imperial House in a troubled region was not sufficient to assuage local fears of being neglected by the distant Emperor. The local Caesar had to wield undisputed authority in his region and command the resources and the experience to deal with the internal and external threats to its security. Diocletian and Maximian seem to have understood this when they set up Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesars in Gaul and Illyria respectively some thirty-five years later.", "Q287124": "Lawrence Lipton (October 10, 1898 \u2013 July 9, 1975) was an American journalist, writer, and beat poet, as well as the father of James Lipton.", "Q24815": "Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film by Orson Welles, its producer, co-screenwriter, director and star. The picture was Welles's first feature film. Nominated for Academy Awards in nine categories, it won an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) by Herman J. Mankiewicz and Welles. Considered by many critics, filmmakers, and fans to be the greatest film ever made, Citizen Kane was voted as such in five consecutive British Film Institute Sight & Sound polls of critics, and it topped the American Film Institute's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list in 1998, as well as its 2007 update. Citizen Kane is particularly praised for Gregg Toland's cinematography, Robert Wise's editing, Bernard Herrmann's music, and its narrative structure, all of which have been considered innovative and precedent-setting.\nThe quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane, played by Welles, a character based in part upon the American newspaper magnates William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold McCormick, and aspects of the screenwriters' own lives. Upon its release, Hearst prohibited mention of the film in any of his newspapers.\nAfter the Broadway successes of Welles's Mercury Theatre and the controversial 1938 radio broadcast \"The War of the Worlds\" on The Mercury Theatre on the Air, Welles was courted by Hollywood. He signed a contract with RKO Pictures in 1939. Although it was unusual for an untried director, he was given the freedom to develop his own story, to use his own cast and crew, and to have final cut privilege. Following two abortive attempts to get a project off the ground, he wrote the screenplay for Citizen Kane, collaborating on the effort with Herman Mankiewicz. Principal photography took place in 1940 and the film received its American release in 1941.\nWhile a critical success, Citizen Kane failed to recoup its costs at the box office. The film faded from view after its release, but was subsequently returned to the public's attention when it was praised by such French critics as Andr\u00e9 Bazin and given an American revival in 1956. The film was released on Blu-ray on September 13, 2011, for a special 70th-anniversary edition. Citizen Kane was an inductee of the 1989 inaugural group of 25 films that established the National Film Registry list.", "Q865001": "Birch Monroe (May 16, 1901 \u2013 May 15, 1982) was an American old time and early bluegrass fiddler, bassist, dancer, founding member of the Monroe brothers, and older brother to Charlie and Bill Monroe. He grew up on a farm with five brothers and sisters before leaving it in the late twenties. Unlike brothers Charlie and Bill he chose to not pursue a career in music.", "Q258546": "In Flames is a Swedish heavy metal band, which was formed by guitarist Jesper Str\u00f6mblad in 1990 in Gothenburg, Sweden. At the Gates, Dark Tranquillity, Soilwork and In Flames are the only remaining bands responsible for developing the genres known as Swedish death metal and melodic death metal.\nDuring the band's early years, In Flames had a varying group of musicians recording with them, including many session musicians. By the release of Colony (1999) the group had established a stable lineup. Their sixth studio album Reroute to Remain (2002) showed the band moving toward a newer style of music that moved further away from melodic death metal and closer to alternative metal. This decision was criticized by fans of the group's heavier metal sound; however, it increased the band's mainstream audience and bolstered their album sales. As of 2008, In Flames had sold over 2 million records worldwide.Since the band's inception, In Flames have released thirteen studio albums, three EPs, and two live DVDs, their latest release being their thirteenth studio album I, the Mask in 2019. In Flames has been nominated for three Grammis Awards. They won two of these nominations; one for Soundtrack to Your Escape (2004) in the \"Hard Rock/Metal of the Year\" category, and one nomination for their following album Come Clarity (2006) in the same category.", "Q47430": "Green Bay is a city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The county seat of Brown County, Green Bay is located at the head of Green Bay (known locally as \"the bay of Green Bay\"), a sub-basin of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Fox River. It is 581 feet (177 m) above sea level and 112 miles (180 km) north of Milwaukee. The population was 104,057 at the 2010 census. Green Bay is the third-largest city in the state of Wisconsin, after Milwaukee and Madison, and the third-largest city on Lake Michigan's west shore, after Chicago and Milwaukee. Green Bay is home to the National Football League's Green Bay Packers.\nGreen Bay is the principal city of the Green Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area, which covers Brown, Kewaunee, and Oconto counties; the MSA had a combined population of 306,241 at the 2010 census.", "Q93107": "Pei-Yuan Wei (Chinese: \u9b4f\u57f9\u6e90; pinyin: W\u00e8i P\u00e9iyu\u00e1n) is the creator of ViolaWWW, the first popular graphical web browser.", "Q1136750": "Ju-ken (born June 27, 1971 in Funabashi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese session bassist. He was a support member of Gackt, The Wanderers and Anna Tsuchiya. He is one of the most in-demand bassists in Japan.", "Q172303": "Tyra Lynne Banks (born December 4, 1973), also known as BanX, is an American television personality, producer, businesswoman, actress, author, model, and occasional singer. Born in Inglewood, California, she began her career as a model at the age of 15, and was the first woman of African-American descent to be featured on the covers of GQ and the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, on which she appeared thrice. She was a Victoria's Secret Angel from 1997 to 2005. By the early 2000s, Banks was one of the world's top-earning models.\nBanks began acting on television in 1993 on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, and made her film debut in Higher Learning in 1995. In 2000 she had major roles such as Eve in Disney Channel's Life-Size and Zoe in the box-office hit Coyote Ugly. She had small roles in the romantic film Love & Basketball (2000) and horror film Halloween: Resurrection (2002), and appeared in television series Gossip Girl and Glee.In 2003, Banks created and began presenting the long-running reality television series America's Next Top Model, which she executive produced and presented for the first twenty-two seasons, until the series' cancellation in October 2015. She remained executive producer for the revival of the series, and enlisted Rita Ora as host for the twenty-third cycle before reassuming the duties herself for the twenty-fourth cycle. Banks was the co-creator of True Beauty, and had her own talk show, The Tyra Banks Show, which aired on The CW for five seasons and won two Daytime Emmy awards for Outstanding Talk Show Informative. She co-hosted the talk show FABLife for two months. In 2017, Banks replaced Nick Cannon as host of America's Got Talent for its 12th season.In 2010, she published a young adult novel titled Modelland, based on her life as a model. It topped The New York Times Best Seller list in 2011. Banks is one of four African Americans and seven women to have repeatedly been ranked among the world's most influential people by Time magazine. She is also one of only seventeen models to be ranked as a Legendary Supermodel by MODELS.com.", "Q230836": "Emilie Autumn Liddell (born on September 22, 1979), better known by her stage name Emilie Autumn, is an American singer-songwriter, poet, violinist, and actress. Autumn's musical style is described by her as \"Fairy Pop\", \"Fantasy Rock\" or \"Victoriandustrial\". It is influenced by glam rock and from plays, novels, and history, particularly the Victorian era. Performing with her all-female backup dancers The Bloody Crumpets, Autumn incorporates elements of classical music, cabaret, electronica, and glam rock with theatrics, and burlesque.Growing up in Malibu, California, Autumn began learning the violin at the age of four and left regular school five years later with the goal of becoming a world-class violinist; she practiced eight or nine hours a day and read a wide range of literature. Progressing to writing her own music, she studied under various teachers and went to Indiana University, which she left over issues regarding the relationship between classical music and the appearance of the performer. Through her own independent label Traitor Records, Autumn debuted with her classical album On a Day: Music for Violin & Continuo, followed by the release in 2003 of her album Enchant.\nAutumn appeared in singer Courtney Love's backing band on her 2004 America's Sweetheart tour and returned to Europe. She released the 2006 album Opheliac with the German label Trisol Music Group. In 2007, she released Laced/Unlaced; the re-release of On a Day... appeared as Laced with songs on the electric violin as Unlaced. She later left Trisol to join New York based The End Records in 2009 and release Opheliac in the United States, where previously it had only been available as an import. In 2012, she released the album Fight Like a Girl. She played the role of Painted Doll in Darren Lynn Bousman's 2012 film The Devil's Carnival, as well as its 2015 sequel, Alleluia! The Devil's Carnival.\n\n", "Q11676": "George Elmer Pataki (; born June 24, 1945) is an American lawyer and Republican politician who served as the 53rd Governor of New York (1995\u20132006). An attorney by profession, Pataki was elected mayor of his hometown of Peekskill, New York and went on to be elected to the State Assembly and the State Senate. In 1994, Pataki ran for Governor of New York against three-term incumbent Mario Cuomo, defeating him by a margin of more than three points as part of the Republican Revolution of 1994. Pataki would himself be elected to three consecutive terms, and was the third Republican Governor of New York elected since 1923 (the other two were Govs. Thomas E. Dewey and Nelson Rockefeller). As of 2020, Pataki is the most recent Republican to hold any statewide office in New York.\nIn early 2015, Pataki began exploring a candidacy for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 2016; he announced his candidacy on May 28, 2015. On December 29, 2015, Pataki ended his campaign before the Republican presidential primaries had begun.", "Q201433": "Dorothy Coade Hewett (21 May 1923 \u2013 25 August 2002) was an Australian feminist poet, novelist and playwright. She has been called \"one of Australia's best-loved and most respected writers\". She was also a member of the Communist Party for a period, though she clashed on many occasions with the party leadership. In recognition of her 20 volumes of published literature, she received the Order of Australia, has a Writer's Walk plaque at Circular Quay, and a street named for her in Canberra. The Dorothy Hewett Award for an unpublished manuscript was established in 2015 by UWA Publishing. She was a recipient of the Christopher Brennan Award.", "Q1383621": "Marin Karmitz (born 7 October 1938) is a French businessman whose career has spanned the French film industry, including director, producer, film distributor, and operator of a chain of cinemas.Karmitz attended film school at IDHEC (renamed La F\u00e9mis) and worked as a director of photography after graduating.\nKarmitz founded MK2, a production company and movie theater chain, which has specialized in creating, distributing, and screening independent or \"auteurist\" cinema, including short films.\nIn 2005, he turned over leadership of the MK2 company and its theaters to his son, Nathana\u00ebl.\n\n", "Q180195": "Giovanni Spagnolli (October 26, 1907 \u2013 October 5, 1984) was an Italian Christian Democrat politician. He was a graduate of the Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. During World War II, he was a member of the Italian resistance movement. He was President of the Senate of Italy (1973\u20131976). He was a senator in Legislature II (1953\u20131958), Legislature III, Legislature IV, Legislature V and Legislature VI (1972\u20131976).", "Q67938": "Erdmann Neumeister (12 May 1671 \u2013 18 August 1756) was a German Lutheran pastor and hymnologist.\nHe was born in Uichteritz near Wei\u00dfenfels in the province Saxonia of Germany. As a 15-year-old boy he started his studies in Schulpforta, an old humanistic gymnasium. He became a student of poetology and theology in the University of Leipzig between 1691 and 1697. He began his career as a minister of religion in the spa town of Bibra. He became diaconus (deacon) for the duke of Saxonia-Weissenfels. From 1705 to 1715, he was superintendent in Sorau (today Zary in Poland). He left for Hamburg because of theological disputes. (As an adult, he would become a vehement opponent of Pietism). He died in Hamburg as an honoured main pastor. His grave in the St. Jacobi Church was destroyed during World War II.", "Q690877": "John of Rokycany, also known as Jan of Rokycany, in Czech language Jan Rokycana, and Jan z Rokycan (c. 1396 in Rokycany, Bohemia - 21 February 1471 in Prague) was a Czech Hussite theologian in the Kingdom of Bohemia and a key figure of the Bohemian Reformation.", "Q333495": "Falling is the second-leading cause of accidental death worldwide and a major cause of personal injury, especially for the elderly. Falls in older adults are a major class of preventable injuries. Builders, electricians, miners and painters are occupations with high rates of fall injuries.\nLong-term exercise appears to decrease the rate of falls in older people. About 226 million cases of significant accidental falls occurred in 2015. These resulted in 527,000 deaths.", "Q519755": "Gwen McCrae (n\u00e9e Mosley, May 21, 1946, Pensacola, Florida, United States) is an American singer, best known for her 1975 hit \"Rockin' Chair\".", "Q2739": "Associazione Sportiva Roma (BIT: ASR, LSE: 0MT1; Rome Sport Association), commonly referred to as Roma (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8ro\u02d0ma]), is an Italian professional football club based in Rome. Founded by a merger in 1927, Roma have participated in the top-tier of Italian football for all of their existence except for 1951\u201352.\nRoma have won Serie A three times, in 1941\u201342, 1982\u201383 and 2000\u201301, as well as winning nine Coppa Italia titles and two Supercoppa Italiana titles. In European competitions, Roma won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1960\u201361 and were runners-up in the 1983\u201384 European Cup and the 1990\u201391 UEFA Cup.\nFifteen players have won the FIFA World Cup while playing at Roma: Ferraris, Guaita and Masetti (1934); Donati, Monzeglio and Serantoni (1938); Bruno Conti (1982); Rudi Voller and Berthold (1990); Aldair (1994); Candela (1998); Cafu (2002); Daniele De Rossi, Simone Perrotta and Francesco Totti (2006).\nSince 1953, Roma have played their home matches at the Stadio Olimpico, a venue they share with city rivals Lazio. With a capacity of over 72,000, it is the second-largest of its kind in Italy, with only the San Siro able to seat more. The club plan to move to a new stadium, though this is yet to start construction.\nThe club's home colours are Tyrian purple and gold, which gives Roma their nickname \"I Giallorossi\" (\"The Yellow and Reds\"). These colours have often been combined with white shorts. Their club badge features a she-wolf, an allusion to the founding myth of Rome.", "Q1024426": "The University of South Carolina (USC, UofSC, SC, or simply Carolina) is a public research university in Columbia, South Carolina. It has seven satellite campuses throughout the state and its main campus covers over 359 acres (145 ha) in downtown Columbia not far from the South Carolina State House. The university is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities with Highest Research Activity.\" It also houses the largest collection of Robert Burns and Scottish literature materials outside Scotland, and the world's largest Ernest Hemingway collection.Founded in 1801 as South Carolina College, USC is the flagship institution of the University of South Carolina System and offers more than 350 programs of study, leading to bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees from fourteen degree-granting colleges and schools. The University of South Carolina has a total enrollment of approximately 52,000 students, with over 35,000 on the main Columbia campus as of fall 2019 \u2013 making it the largest university in the Carolinas. USC also has several thousand future students in feeder programs at surrounding technical colleges. Professional schools on the Columbia campus include business, engineering, law, medicine, pharmacy, and social work.", "Q71182": "Maria Paudler (20 June 1903 \u2013 17 August 1990) was an Austro-Hungarian-born German actress.", "Q85765": "Clemens Wilmenrod (July 24, 1906 \u2013 April 12, 1967) was the first German television cook. His pseudonym was derived from the municipality Willmenrod in the Westerwald region, where he was born as Carl Clemens Hahn. Wilmenrod is considered the inventor of Toast Hawaii, \"Arabian Horseman's Delight\" (mincemeat with onions) and \"stuffed strawberry\" (strawberry stuffed with an almond). He is also credited with making Rumtopf popular in Southern and Western Germany, and with introducing turkey as a typical Christmas dinner.Wilmenrod was not a trained chef, but had studied as an actor and had an acting career before becoming the star of his television program.From February 20, 1953, to May 16, 1964, he starred in Bitte in zehn Minuten zu Tisch on WDR television, assisted by his wife Erika, and provided his audience with suggestions for creative cooking in 185 broadcasts. Wilmenrod, also known as \"Don Clemente\", wore a trademark apron with a caricature by Mirko Szewczuk.The dishes presented were characterized by the general scarcity of the post-war period, and Wilmenrod was not ashamed to use canned vegetables, instant sauces, and even ketchup. While this may not measure up to the current state of the culinary art, he had a great influence on the post-war generation in Germany: his programmes and cookbooks were blockbusters, and when he presented a cod recipe, for instance, cod would be sold out for weeks.\nIn one memorable incident, after being accused by a viewer of not having invented the \"filled strawberry\" himself, Wilmenrod put a long cook's knife against his chest and swore to kill himself if a single viewer who had previously eaten filled strawberry were to call.\nHe committed suicide in 1967 in a hospital in Munich after being diagnosed with stomach cancer.\nHis life has been made into a made-for-TV movie where he was portrayed by Jan Josef Liefers in 2009.", "Q1015823": "Jiangyin (simplified Chinese: \u6c5f\u9634; traditional Chinese: \u6c5f\u9670; pinyin: Ji\u0101ngy\u012bn; Wade\u2013Giles: Chiangyin, Jiangyin dialect: [k\u0250\u031e\u014b.j\u026a\u014b]) is a county-level city on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, and is administered by Wuxi, Jiangsu province. Jiangyin is one of the most important transport hubs on the Yangtze River, it is also one of the most developed counties in China.", "Q323686": "Andr\u00e9 Pousse (20 October 1919 \u2013 9 September 2005) was a noted French actor and, in his youth, also a notable cyclist.", "Q332953": "Herbert Jansch (3 November 1943 \u2013 5 October 2011) was a Scottish folk musician and founding member of the band Pentangle. He was born in Glasgow and came to prominence in London in the 1960s, as an acoustic guitarist, as well as a singer-songwriter. He recorded at least 25 albums and toured extensively from the 1960s to the 21st century.\nJansch was a leading figure in the 1960s British folk revival, touring folk clubs and recording several solo albums, as well as collaborating with other musicians such as John Renbourn and Anne Briggs. In 1968, he co-founded the band Pentangle, touring and recording with them until their break-up in 1972. He then took a few years' break from music, returning in the late 1970s to work on a series of projects with other musicians. He joined a reformed Pentangle in the early 1980s and remained with them as they evolved through various changes of personnel until 1995. Until his death, Jansch continued to work as a solo artist.\nJansch's work influenced artists including Al Stewart, Paul Simon, Johnny Marr, Elton John, Ian Anderson, Bernie Taupin, Bernard Butler, Jimmy Page, Nick Drake, Graham Coxon, Donovan, Neil Young, Mike Oldfield, Hope Sandoval, Fleet Foxes, Devendra Banhart, Neil Halstead, and Roy Harper.\nJansch received two Lifetime Achievement Awards at the BBC Folk Awards: one, in 2001, for his solo achievements and the other, in 2007, as a member of Pentangle.", "Q190386": "Rachel Anne McAdams (born November 17, 1978) is a Canadian actress. After graduating from a four-year theatre degree program at York University in 2001, she worked in Canadian television and film productions, such as the drama film Perfect Pie (2002), for which she received a Genie Award nomination, the comedy film My Name Is Tanino (2002), and the comedy series Slings and Arrows, for which she won a Gemini Award.\nIn 2002 she made her Hollywood film debut in the comedy The Hot Chick. McAdams rose to fame in 2004 with the comedy Mean Girls and the romantic drama The Notebook. In 2005, she starred in the romantic comedy Wedding Crashers, the psychological thriller Red Eye, and the comedy-drama The Family Stone. She was hailed by the media as Hollywood's new \"it girl\", and received a BAFTA Award nomination for Best Rising Star.\nAfter a brief sabbatical, she returned to prominence in 2009, by appearing in the political thriller State of Play, the romance The Time Traveler's Wife, and the mystery film Sherlock Holmes. In 2010, McAdams appeared in her first star vehicle, the comedy Morning Glory, and went on to star in the films Midnight in Paris (2011), The Vow (2012), and About Time (2013). In 2015, she starred in the second season of the HBO crime drama series True Detective, and portrayed the journalist Sacha Pfeiffer in the drama Spotlight. For the latter, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 2016, she played Christine Palmer in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film Doctor Strange. In 2018, she starred in the comedy Game Night and the romantic drama Disobedience.", "Q230188": "Olympia Mary Dukakis (born June 20, 1931) is a Greek American actress. She started her career in theater, and won an Obie Award for Best Actress in 1963 for her Off-Broadway performance in Bertolt Brecht's Man Equals Man. She later moved on to film acting, and in 1987, she won an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, and a BAFTA nomination for her performance in Moonstruck. She received another Golden Globe nomination for Sinatra, and Emmy Award nominations for Lucky Day, More Tales of the City, and Joan of Arc.", "Q540146": "Guillermo Le\u00f3n Valencia Mu\u00f1oz (27 April 1909 \u2013 4 November 1971) was a Colombian politician, lawyer and diplomat who served as the 21st President of Colombia from 1962 to 1966.", "Q380887": "Harold Maurice Abrahams, CBE (15 December 1899 \u2013 14 January 1978) was an English track and field athlete. He was Olympic champion in 1924 in the 100 metres sprint, a feat depicted in the 1981 movie Chariots of Fire.", "Q208417": "Immortal is a Norwegian black metal band from Bergen. The group was founded in 1991 by frontman and guitarist Abbath Doom Occulta (Olve Eikemo) and guitarist Demonaz Doom Occulta (Harald N\u00e6vdal). The pair worked with various drummers (including Grim, Armagedda and Hellhammer), and were later joined by current drummer Horgh (Reidar Horghagen) in 1996.\nIn March 2015, long-serving member Abbath announced his departure from the group following a dispute with the other members of the band, and he went on to form a new band under his name called Abbath. It was initially reported that following Abbath's departure, the band would split up. However, In August 2015, Demonaz and Horgh said that the band would continue without Abbath. Demonaz would return to playing guitar with the band for the first time since 1997, and would do vocals as well. Northern Chaos Gods was officially released on July 6, 2018 under Nuclear Blast Records.", "Q381541": "Aleksei Stanislavovich Yeliseyev (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432; born July 13, 1934) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew on three missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 5, Soyuz 8, and Soyuz 10. He made the world's eighth spacewalk during Soyuz 5 in 1969. \nAleksei's father was Lithuanian with the last name Kuraitis, who died in the Soviet's Gulag as an enemy of the people. Aleksei uses his mother's last name \"Yeliseyev\" so some regard him as also being a Lithuanian cosmonaut. \nA graduate of the Bauman Higher Technical School (1957) and postgraduate of Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1962). Yeliseyev worked as an engineer in Sergey Korolev's design bureau before being selected for cosmonaut training.Following his retirement from the space programme in 1985, he took up at an administrative position at the Bauman school for several years before retiring fully.", "Q313023": "David Keith McCallum, Jr. (born 19 September 1933) is a British actor and musician. He first gained recognition in the 1960s for playing secret agent Illya Kuryakin in the television series The Man from U.N.C.L.E..\nIn recent years, McCallum has gained renewed international recognition and popularity for his role as NCIS medical examiner Dr. Donald \"Ducky\" Mallard in the American television series NCIS.\n\n", "Q95210": "Johannes Heil (born 3 February 1978) is a German electronic music producer from Ober-M\u00f6rlen near Frankfurt, who has released on Cocoon Recordings (including contributing a track to their 'Cocoon Compilation F' release).", "Q1308174": "James William Flavin Jr. (May 14, 1906 \u2013 April 23, 1976) was an American character actor whose career lasted for nearly half a century.\n\n", "Q1650842": "John George Bartholomew (22 March 1860 \u2013 14 April 1920) was a Scottish cartographer and geographer. As a holder of a royal warrant, he used the title \"Cartographer to the King\"; for this reason he was sometimes known by the epithet \"the Prince of Cartography\".Bartholomew's longest lasting legacy is arguably naming the continent of Antarctica, which until his use of the term in 1890 had been largely ignored due to its lack of resources and harsh climate.\n\n", "Q923040": "Yiannis Boutaris (Greek: \u0393\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2; born 13 June 1942) is a Greek businessman and politician, former mayor of Thessaloniki.", "Q258220": "Annabelle Frances Wallis (born 5 September 1984) is an English actress who has played Jane Seymour in Showtime's period drama The Tudors (2009\u20132010), Grace Burgess in the BBC drama Peaky Blinders (2013\u20132019), Mia in the supernatural horror film Annabelle (2014), and Jenny Halsey in the supernatural adventure film The Mummy (2017).", "Q1978533": "Roberto F. Civita (9 August 1936 \u2013 26 May 2013) was a Brazilian businessman and publisher. Born in Italy, he emigrated at the age of two with his family to New York in 1938 to escape effects of the Race Laws. They moved again to Brazil in 1949, where his father Victor Civita founded Editora Abril, a publishing house.\nAfter college and graduate school in the United States, the younger Civita entered the family business in the 1960s. He helped its expansion and development as Grupo Abril, becoming one of the largest publishing companies in Brazil. Beginning in 1982 he became president, and took over all operations in 1990. He became chairman of the Board of Directors and Editorial Head of Grupo Abril.\nHe has also headed related education foundations and participated in leadership of the Lauder Institute and the Wharton Advisory Board. He was part of the Board of Overseers of the International Center for Economic Growth (founded in 1985 with headquarters in Panama).", "Q1899915": "Mark Anthony Cooper (April 20, 1800 \u2013 March 17, 1885) was a United States Representative, businessman and lawyer from Georgia. His cousin was U.S. Representative Eugenius Aristides Nisbet.\nCooper was born near Powellton, Georgia, in Hancock County in 1800 and graduated from South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) in Columbia in 1819. After studying law and gaining admittance to the state bar in 1821, he practiced law in Eatonton, Georgia. He later moved to Columbus, Georgia. In 1825 and again in 1836, Cooper fought in the Seminole Wars. (He was a Major in these campaigns.)\nIn 1833, Cooper served in the Georgia House of Representatives. In 1838, he was elected as a Whig Representative from Georgia to the 26th United States Congress and served one term in that seat from March 4, 1839 until March 3, 1841, as he lost his bid for reelection in 1840. He returned to the U.S. Congress in 1842 after winning election as a Democrat to fill the remainder of the term of William Crosby Dawson, who had resigned in 1841 to run for the Governor of Georgia. Cooper was reelected to that congressional seat in the general election in 1842; however, he resigned in 1843 to run an unsuccessful candidacy for Governor. Cooper's second stint in Congress lasted from January 3, 1842, to June 26, 1843.", "Q111840": "Carwyn Howell Jones, AM (born 21 March 1967) is a Welsh Labour politician who served as First Minister of Wales and Leader of the Welsh Labour Party from 2009 to 2018. He served as Counsel General for Wales from 2007 to 2009. Jones was first elected Member of the National Assembly (AM) for Bridgend in 1999.\nJones served in the Cabinet as Secretary for Agriculture and Rural Development in the Welsh Government from 2000 to 2002, and as Minister of State for the Environment from 2003 to 2007. Following the 2007 election, he was appointed Minister for Education, Culture and the Welsh Language, and thereafter Counsel General for Wales and Leader of the House following the One Wales coalition agreement with Plaid Cymru.\nJones succeeded Rhodri Morgan as Welsh Labour Leader and First Minister on 1 December 2009, after Jones was elected with over 50% of the vote. The third politician to lead the Welsh Government, Jones was nominated as First Minister by the National Assembly on 9 December 2009, and was sworn into office the following day.On 21 April 2018 he announced he would step down as First Minister that autumn, and in December 2018 Mark Drakeford (the Finance Secretary in Jones' cabinet) was elected as his replacement .", "Q100795": "Carola Alexandra Veit (born 2 June 1973 in Hamburg) is a German politician who has been president of the Hamburg Parliament since 23 March 2011.", "Q5611457": "Grove Street Cemetery or Grove Street Burial Ground is a cemetery in New Haven, Connecticut, that is surrounded by the Yale University campus. It was organized in 1796 as the New Haven Burying Ground and incorporated in October 1797 to replace the crowded burial ground on the New Haven Green. The first private, nonprofit cemetery in the world, it was one of the earliest burial grounds to have a planned layout, with plots permanently owned by individual families, a structured arrangement of ornamental plantings, and paved and named streets and avenues. By introducing ideas like permanent memorials and the sanctity of the deceased body, the cemetery became \"a real turning point... a whole redefinition of how people viewed death and dying\", according to historian Peter Dobkin Hall. Many notable Yale and New Haven luminaries are buried in the Grove Street Cemetery, including 14 Yale presidents; nevertheless, it was not restricted to members of the upper class, and was open to all.In 2000, Grove Street Cemetery was designated a National Historic Landmark.Today, it is managed by Camco Cemetery Management.", "Q120445": "Helmut Damerius (December 16, 1905 \u2013 September 29, 1985) was a German communist and a member of the Left Column, an agitprop theater group. As the Nazi Party gained in strength, he went into exile in Moscow, only to be arrested in the so-called Hitler Youth Conspiracy and sentenced to a long term in a Soviet prison. After his prison sentence, he was banished to Kazakhstan and was not permitted to move elsewhere. In 1956, he received permission to move to East Germany, where he stayed until his death.", "Q1727360": "Sir Norman McAlister Gregg, (7 March 1892 \u2013 27 July 1966) was an Australian ophthalmologist, who discovered that rubella suffered by a pregnant woman could cause birth defects in her child (congenital rubella syndrome).\n\n", "Q1292738": "Paulin Talabot (18 August 1799 \u2013 21 March 1885) was a French railway and canal engineer. Educated at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique, Talabot started his career building canals. Inspired by George and Robert Stephenson's steam railways in England, he built a line to transport coal from the coal mines at La Grand-Combe to the Mediterranean at N\u00eemes, which opened in 1839. He visited England and became friends with Robert Stephenson, with whom he surveyed a route for a Suez Canal in 1847.\nThe French Revolution of 1848 was followed by a financial crisis, and Talabot formed a company in 1852 to take over the struggling railway between Lyon and the Mediterranean; this merged with the Paris to Lyon Railway in 1857 to become the Chemins de fer de Paris \u00e0 Lyon et \u00e0 la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e. In 1862 Talabot became its first Director General and he died on 21 March 1885.", "Q97407": "Roger Fritz (born 22 September 1936) is a German actor, director, producer and photographer, perhaps best known for Cross of Iron, and his work with Rainer Werner Fassbinder in Querelle, Lili Marleen and Berlin Alexanderplatz.Roger Fritz was born on 22 September 1936 in Mannheim, Baden, Germany. He was married to the actress, Helga Anders (1948\u201386), from 1968\u201374, when they divorced. They had one child, Leslie Fritz, who is an assistant director.", "Q985687": "Konstancin-Jeziorna [k\u0254ns\u02c8tant\u0361\u0255in j\u025b\u02c8\u0291\u0254rna] is a town in Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, with 17,566 inhabitants (as of March 2011, according to GUS). It is located about 20 km (12 mi) south of downtown Warsaw and is a part of the metropolitan area of that city.\nThe town was created in 1969 through combining neighbouring towns: holiday resort Skolim\u00f3w-Konstancin and industrial Jeziorna with a number of villages.\nThe town, a 19th-century health spa, sits on the administrative border of the capital city, Warsaw. The town has an interesting collection of historic villas and new built mansions, a shopping center in a restored 19th-century mill and is the home of the American School of Warsaw.\nKonstancin-Jeziorna also has a sports team which specializes in football/soccer named Kosa Konstancin created by former professional footballer Roman Kosecki.", "Q369957": "Muhammad Asad (pronounced [\u02c8mo\u028a\u032fh\u00e4m\u00e6d \u02c8\u00e6s\u00e6d] (listen), Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0633\u062f\u200e /mu\u0127ammad \u0294asad/, Urdu: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0633\u062f\u200e, born Leopold Weiss; 2 July 1900 \u2013 20 February 1992) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Muslim journalist, traveler, writer, linguist, political theorist, diplomat and Islamic scholar. Asad was one of the most influential European Muslims of the 20th century.By age 13, Weiss had acquired a passing fluency in Hebrew and Aramaic, on top of his native German and Polish languages. By his mid-twenties, he could read and write in English, French, Persian and Arabic. In Mandatory Palestine, Weiss engaged in arguments with Zionist leaders like Chaim Weizmann, voicing his reservations about some aspects of the Zionist Movement. After traveling across the Arab World as a journalist, he converted to Sunni Islam in 1926 and adopted the name \"Muhammad Asad\"\u2014Asad being the Arabic rendition of his root name Leo (Lion).During his stay in Saudi Arabia, he spent time with Bedouins and enjoyed the close company of the state's founder, Ibn Saud. He also carried out a secret mission for Ibn Saud to trace the sources of funding for the Ikhwan Revolt. Due to these activities, he was dubbed in a Haaretz article as \"Leopold of Arabia\"\u2014hinting similarity of his activities to those of Lawrence of Arabia. On his visit to India, Asad became friends with Muslim poet-philosopher Muhammad Iqbal, who persuaded him to abandon his eastward travels and \"help elucidate the intellectual premises of the future Islamic state\". He also spent five years in internment by the British Government at the outbreak of World War II. On 14 August 1947, Asad received Pakistani citizenship and later served at several bureaucratic and diplomatic positions including the Director of Department of Islamic Reconstruction, Deputy Secretary (Middle East Division) in the Foreign Ministry of Pakistan, and Pakistan's Envoy to the United Nations.In the West, Asad rose to prominence as a writer with his best-selling autobiography, The Road to Mecca. Later, after seventeen years of scholarly research, he published his magnum opus: The Message of the Qur'an\u2014an English translation and commentary of the Quran. The book, along with the translations of Pickthall and Yusuf Ali, is regarded as one of the most influential translations of the modern era. An ardent proponent of Ijtihad and rationality in interpreting religious texts, he dedicated his works \"to People who Think\". \nIn 2008, the entrance square to the UN Office in Vienna was named Muhammad Asad Platz in commemoration of his work as a \"religious bridge-builder\". Asad has been described by his biographers as \"Europe's gift to Islam\" and \"a Mediator between Islam and the West\".", "Q863316": "Frederick Adrian DeLuca (October 3, 1947 \u2013 September 14, 2015) was an Italian-American businessman, best known as the co-founder of the Subway franchise of sandwich shops.", "Q628530": "Juan Manuel Frutos (June 12, 1879 \u2013 April 15, 1960) was President of Paraguay in 1948. He was born in Asunci\u00f3n on June 12, 1879. His parents were Jos\u00e9 Dolores Frutos and Juliana Escurra, sister of the Colonel Juan Antonio Escurra (ex-president of Paraguay).", "Q131548": "Jordanes (), also written Jordanis or, uncommonly, Jornandes, was a Gothic 6th-century Eastern Roman bureaucrat who became an historian later in life.\nJordanes wrote Romana, about the history of Rome, but his best-known work is his Getica, which was written in Constantinople about 551 AD. Along with Isidore of Seville's Historia Gothorum, it is one of only two extant ancient works dealing with the early history of the Goths.\nJordanes was asked by a friend to write Getica as a summary of a multi-volume history of the Goths by the statesman Cassiodorus that existed then but has since been lost. Jordanes was selected for his known interest in history, his ability to write succinctly, and because of his own Gothic background. He had been a high-level notarius, or secretary, of a small client state on the Roman frontier in Scythia Minor, modern southeastern Romania and northeastern Bulgaria.Other writers, such as Procopius, wrote works which are extant on the later history of the Goths. As the only surviving work on Gothic origins, Getica has been the object of much critical review. Jordanes wrote in Late Latin rather than the classical Ciceronian Latin. According to his own introduction, he had only three days to review what Cassiodorus had written, meaning that he must also have relied on his own knowledge.", "Q74944": "Peter Johannes Gertrudis Winnen (born 5 September 1957) is a Dutch former road racing cyclist. He competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in road racing and finished in 26th place. After the Games he turned professional in 1981. Among his 14 victories were two stages at Alpe d'Huez in the Tour de France and a national championship. He came third in the Tour de France in 1983.\n\n", "Q461822": "Catherine Leroy (August 27, 1944 - July 8, 2006) was a French-born photojournalist and war photographer, whose stark images of battle illustrated the story of the Vietnam War in the pages of Life magazine and other publications.", "Q242278": "Candace Nicole Parker (born April 19, 1986) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She was the first overall pick in the 2008 WNBA Draft. In 2016, along with other stars such as Alana Beard and Nneka Ogwumike, Parker helped the Sparks to win their first WNBA Finals title since 2002. In high school, Parker won the 2003 and 2004 Gatorade National Girls Basketball Player of the Year awards, becoming just the second junior and the only woman to receive the award twice.\nA versatile player, Parker mainly plays the forward position. In college she was listed on Tennessee's roster as a forward, center and guard. Parker was the first woman to dunk in an NCAA tournament game and the first woman to dunk twice in a college game. She set both milestones as a redshirt freshman on March 19, 2006. Parker became the second player to dunk in a WNBA game on June 22, 2008. Prior to her first WNBA game, Parker had signed long-term endorsement deals with Adidas and Gatorade. In leading the Lady Vols to two consecutive national championships, Parker was named the Final Four's most outstanding player in both occasions, and was a two-time consensus national player of the year.\nParker has won a WNBA championship (2016), two WNBA Most Valuable Player Awards (2008, 2013), WNBA Finals MVP Award (2016), WNBA All-Star Game MVP (2013), two Olympic gold medals (2008, 2012), and the WNBA Rookie of the Year Award (2008). Parker has been selected to six all-WNBA teams and five all-star teams, and was the first player to win the Rookie of the Year and the WNBA Most Valuable Player Award in the same season.", "Q87600": "Hellmuth von M\u00fccke (1881 \u2013 1957) was an Officer of the Kaiserliche Marine, the navy of the German Empire, in the early 20th century and World War I.\n\n", "Q100781": "Franziska Walser (born 23 March 1950) is a German actress. She appeared in more than fifty films since 1976. She is the oldest daughter of writer Martin Walser. Walser is married to actor Edgar Selge.\n\n", "Q492766": "Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod - National Research University (UNN), also known as Lobachevsky University, was established in 1916 as a People's University. In 1918 it became the first State Higher Educational Institution of Soviet Russia. From 1932 to 1956, its name was State University of Gorky \u2013 from 1932 to 1990 the city of Nizhny Novgorod was known as Gorky \u2013 and from 1956 to 1990 the Lobachevsky State University of Gorky after great Russian mathematician Nikolai Lobachevsky. The University has provided the basis for the development of higher education and a fundamental research system in the Nizhni Novgorod region.\nToday UNN is one of the leading classical research universities in Russia and the winner of all the major recent Russian higher education competitive programs. In 2009 Russian Government awarded the University with the honorable status of National Research University. UNN provides education to over 30000 undergraduate & graduate students and 1000 postgraduates. The University staff comprises over 1200 Candidates of Sciences (PhDs) and over 450 Doctors of Sciences. International students from more than 65 countries of the world choose UNN.UNN is actively involved in cooperation with foreign partners, it works in close connection with various Russian and foreign companies (Intel, Microsoft, NVIDIA, Yazaki, Cisco Systems, Sberbank). The University is also a member of the Association of Russian Leading Universities and European University Association (EUA).", "Q393151": "Inga and Anush Arshakyan (Armenian: \u053b\u0576\u0563\u0561 \u0587 \u0531\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0577 \u0531\u0580\u0577\u0561\u056f\u0575\u0561\u0576\u0576\u0565\u0580), or, the Arshakyan Sisters (Armenian: \u0531\u0580\u0577\u0561\u056f\u0575\u0561\u0576 \u0584\u0578\u0582\u0575\u0580\u0565\u0580), are an Armenian folk singing duo. The sisters represented Armenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009, eventually finishing in 10th place in the final.", "Q979428": "Norman Alden (born Norman Adelberg, September 13, 1924 \u2013 July 27, 2012) was an American character actor who performed in television programs and motion pictures. He first appeared on television on The 20th Century Fox Hour in 1957. He provided the voice of Kay in The Sword in the Stone (1963), and had a notable role in I Never Promised You a Rose Garden. His acting career began in 1957 and lasted nearly 50 years. He retired from acting in 2006.", "Q7133": "Grosswangen is a municipality in the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q179524": "Rudolph Matt (10 September 1909 in St. Anton am Arlberg \u2013 18 November 1993 in Innsbruck) was an Austrian alpine skier and world champion.\nMatt became a world champion in the slalom in Innsbruck in 1936, before fellow Austrian Eberhard Kneissl, and finished 6th in the downhill and 4th in the combined event.At the world championships in Engelberg in 1939 he finished 4th in the slalom.\nDuring the Second World War, Matt escaped to Mount Cranmore in New Hampshire.", "Q627617": "Dead by Sunrise (formerly known as Snow White Tan) was an American rock supergroup formed in 2005 by vocalist Chester Bennington, best known as a member of Linkin Park. The band also consisted of Amir Derakh, Ryan Shuck, Brandon Belsky, Elias Andra, and Anthony \"Fu\" Valcic from Julien-K and Orgy. Dead by Sunrise's debut studio album, Out of Ashes, was released worldwide on October 13, 2009.", "Q544334": "Lloyd Miller (born 1938) is an American jazz musician and world music expert who is well known for his research work on Persian music and Afghan music. He can play 100 instruments in 15 jazz, ethnic and world music traditions.\nLloyd Miller received a doctorate in Middle East Studies: Persian, concentrating on Persian music with a minor in music (jazz.) In 1970 Miller was awarded a Fulbright scholarship to return to Iran to research and complete his dissertation soon after was published by Rutledge Curzon under the title \"Music and Song in Persia.\" While writing his dissertation, Miller spent 7 years in Tehran as an arts writer for several publications and as a PR person for the Center for Preservation and Propagation of Iranian Music. In 2012, his original first PhD dissertation was published by Eastern Arts at BYU under the title Afghan Music and Dance.\nHis native language is English, and he is fluent in Persian, Dari and French, capable in Swedish, German and a few other languages. In the early 1960s Lloyd attended the Sorbonne and the Langues Orientale in Paris and went to school in Geneva for a time. During the 1950s and 60s, Miller played with top jazz artists in Europe like Don Ellis and Eddie Harris. Miller was interested in eastern culture and music. He also was the soloist in the music ensemble of the famous Jef Gilson in Paris.\nIn 1963, Miller returned to the U.S. to study at BYU in Utah. There he organized Eastern and jazz music ensembles and won the composer's trophy at the 1967 Intercollegiate Jazz Festival before earning his BA in Asian Studies then going on to University of Utah to work on a MA in Middle East Studies. in 1967 under sponsorship of the Middle East Center and the Music Department, Miller initiated and taught classes in music of Persia, Afghanistan and the Far East until the early 1980s adding jazz classes in the late 1970s. In 1968 and 1969 Miller again won trophies at the Intercollegiate Jazz Festival and attended the intercollegiate nationals in St. Louis. In 1969 he won the national Sounds of Young America composers contest for his Indonesian jazz piece Yona.\nIn 1969 Miller went to Iran again on a Fulbright scholarship and remained there 7 years mastering Persian music as well as other Middle Eastern traditional and folk music genres mainly under the supervision of masters Dr. Daryush Safvat and Mahmud Karimi as well as other masters who, as the world's experts in the field, recommended Miller's research work to his U of U dissertation committee who approved his music dissertation based on authorization by Dr. Safvat and master Karimi. In 1996 Miller initiated and taught classes in Persian, Afghan and Far Eastern music at BYU until recently.\nDr. Miller is also known as Kurosh Ali Khan, a name he used while hosting a prime-time television show in Tehran, Iran in the 1970s. The program was known as Kurosh Ali Khan va Dustan, or Kurosh Ali Khan and Friends, a variety show with music. He was an arts critic and journalist for several years in Iran frequently submitting articles under various names to Tehran Journal, Kayhan International, Ayendegan, Iran Air Homa, Around Iran, Etela'at and others also Sketch Magazine in Beirut. He attended the popular Shiraz Arts Festival and Tehran Film Festival several times as an official journalist where he met and worked with many well-known artists from various countries.\nHis mother, Mrs. Maxine Adams Miller, was the author of Bright Blue Beads: An American Family In Persia, and Dr. Miller is the author of Music and Song in Persia: The Art of Avaz published by Curzon Press London and also by University of Utah Press. Maxine's father was attorney W. Lloyd Adams a prominent figure in Rexburg Idaho and much beloved \"father of Madison County.\" Lloyd Miller is his only grandson and Adams was Lloyds family mentor.\nLloyd's recording titled Oriental Jazz, produced in the 1960s, has become a much sought after collectors' item and was re-released recently as a CD and is a current popular item in Europe and the UK and features many selections of jazz and oriental music blends. He also released 7 other vinyl LPs during the 1960s and has released over 30 CDs and DVDs of his own music and including music and dance featuring other known virtuoso artists.", "Q317251": "Matthew Richard Lucas (born 5 March 1974) is an English actor, comedian, and writer. He is best known for his partnership with David Walliams on the BBC sketch comedy series Rock Profile (1999\u20132000, 2009), Little Britain (2003\u20132007), and Come Fly With Me (2010). Lucas played the role of Nardole in the BBC series Doctor Who (2015-2017). He has also appeared in films such as The Infidel (2010), Alice in Wonderland (2010) and its 2016 sequel, Bridesmaids (2011), and Small Apartments (2012).", "Q233495": "Shinagawa (\u54c1\u5ddd\u533a, Shinagawa-ku) is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. The ward refers to itself as Shinagawa City in English. The ward is home to ten embassies.\nAs of 1 April 2016, the ward has an estimated population of 380,293, and a population density of 16,510 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 22.84 km\u00b2.Shinagawa is also commonly used to refer to the business district around Shinagawa Station, which is not part of the Shinagawa ward. This Shinagawa is in Takanawa and Konan neighborhoods of Minato, directly north of Kita-Shinagawa.", "Q1243363": "Richard Greene (born November 9, 1942) is an American violinist who has been described as \"one of the most innovative and influential fiddle players of all time\". Greene is credited with introducing the chop to fiddle playing while working with Bill Monroe and the Blue Grass Boys, the invention of which he attributes to pain in his wrist and arm and \"laziness\". He featured the technique in his performances with Seatrain.", "Q444446": "Richard \"Handsome Dick\" Manitoba (born Richard Blum, January 29, 1954) is an American punk rock singer and radio personality, best known as the lead singer of the New York City band The Dictators.", "Q26970": "Joy Ride (also known as Roadkill in the UK and Australia) is a 2001 American road horror thriller film directed by John Dahl and written by J. J. Abrams and Clay Tarver. Paul Walker stars as Lewis Thomas, a college freshman embarking on a cross-country road trip during summer break to pick up his childhood crush Venna (Leelee Sobieski). Along for the ride is Lewis' brother Fuller (Steve Zahn), a practical joker who uses the car's CB radio to play a cruel prank on a trucker known only by the handle Rusty Nail. The victim of Fuller's gag, a psychotic murderer, pursues them relentlessly to get revenge at any cost.", "Q82778": "Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24\u201379), called Pliny the Elder (), was a Roman author, a naturalist and natural philosopher, a naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic Naturalis Historia (Natural History), which became an editorial model for encyclopedias. He spent most of his spare time studying, writing, and investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field.\nHis nephew, Pliny the Younger, wrote of him in a letter to the historian Tacitus:\n\nFor my part I deem those blessed to whom, by favour of the gods, it has been granted either to do what is worth writing of, or to write what is worth reading; above measure blessed those on whom both gifts have been conferred. In the latter number will be my uncle, by virtue of his own and of your compositions.\nPliny the Younger refers to Tacitus\u2019s reliance upon his uncle's book, the History of the German Wars. \nPliny the Elder died in AD 79 in Stabiae while attempting the rescue of a friend and his family by ship from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, which had already destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The wind caused by the sixth and largest pyroclastic surge of the volcano\u2019s eruption did not allow his ship to leave port, and Pliny probably died during that event.", "Q831322": "La Recoleta Cemetery (Spanish: Cementerio de la Recoleta) is a cemetery located in the Recoleta neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It contains the graves of notable people, including Eva Per\u00f3n, presidents of Argentina, Nobel Prize winners, the founder of the Argentine Navy, and a granddaughter of Napoleon. In 2011, the BBC hailed it as one of the world's best cemeteries, and in 2013, CNN listed it among the 10 most beautiful cemeteries in the world.", "Q818968": "Hitler: The Rise of Evil is a Canadian television miniseries in two parts, directed by Christian Duguay and produced by Alliance Atlantis. It stars Robert Carlyle in the lead role and explores Adolf Hitler's rise and his early consolidation of power during the years after the First World War and focuses on how the embittered, politically fragmented and economically buffeted state of German society following the war made that ascent possible. The film also focuses on Ernst Hanfstaengl's influence on Hitler's rise to power. The miniseries, which premiered simultaneously in May 2003 on CBC in Canada and CBS in the United States, received two Emmy awards, for Art Direction and Sound Editing, while Peter O'Toole was nominated for Best Supporting Actor.The film's subplot follows the struggles of Fritz Gerlich, a German journalist who opposes the rising Nazi Party. He is portrayed as to fulfill the essence of the quotation disputably attributed to Edmund Burke, which is displayed at the beginning and at the end of the film:\n\n\"The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.\"", "Q11104": "\u1e24asan Ibn al-Haytham (Latinized as Alhazen ; full name Ab\u016b \u02bfAl\u012b al-\u1e24asan ibn al-\u1e24asan ibn al-Haytham \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645; c.\u2009965 \u2013 c.\u20091040) was an Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age. Also sometimes referred to as \"the father of modern optics\", he made significant contributions to the principles of optics and visual perception in particular, his most influential work being his Kit\u0101b al-Man\u0101\u1e93ir (Arabic: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631, \"Book of Optics\"), written during 1011\u20131021, which survived in the Latin edition. A polymath, he also wrote on philosophy, theology and medicine.Ibn al-Haytham was the first to explain that vision occurs when light reflects from an object and then passes to one's eyes. He was also the first to demonstrate that vision occurs in the brain, rather than in the eyes. Building upon a naturalistic, empirical method pioneered by Aristotle in ancient Greece, Ibn al-Haytham was an early proponent of the concept that a hypothesis must be supported by experiments based on confirmable procedures or mathematical evidence\u2014thusly, coming to an understanding of the scientific method, which came five centuries before Renaissance scientists.Born in Basra, he spent most of his productive period in the Fatimid capital of Cairo and earned his living authoring various treatises and tutoring members of the nobilities. Ibn al-Haytham is sometimes given the byname al-Ba\u1e63r\u012b after his birthplace, or al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b (\"of Egypt\"). Al-Haytham was dubbed the \"Second Ptolemy\" by Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi and \"The Physicist\" by John Peckham. Ibn al-Haytham paved the way for the modern science of physical optics.\n\n", "Q77281": "Albrecht Theodor Emil Graf von Roon (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0294alb\u0281\u025b\u00e7t f\u0254n \u0281o\u02d0n]; 30 April 1803 Ple\u015bna, West Pomeranian Voivodeship \u2013 23 February 1879) was a Prussian soldier and statesman. As Minister of War from 1859 to 1873, Roon, along with Otto von Bismarck and Helmuth von Moltke, was a dominating figure in Prussia's government during the key decade of the 1860s, when a series of successful wars against Denmark, Austria and France led to German unification under Prussia's leadership. A moderate conservative and supporter of executive monarchy, he was an avid modernizer who worked to improve the efficiency of the army.", "Q58262": "Samuel Santos L\u00f3pez (born December 13, 1938) is a Nicaraguan politician, formerly the Minister of Foreign Affairs, appointed to the post on January 10, 2007 until 2017. He is also currently a director of the Bolsa de Valores de Nicaragua (Stock Exchange of Nicaragua).", "Q849299": "Kings of Convenience is an indie folk-pop duo from Bergen, Norway. Consisting of Erlend \u00d8ye and Eirik Glambek B\u00f8e.", "Q2301372": "The Kingdom of Toledo (Spanish: Reino de Toledo) was a realm in the central Iberian Peninsula, created after Alfonso VI of Le\u00f3n's capture of Toledo in 1085. It continued in existence until 1833; its region currently is within Spain.", "Q3355": "Amelia Mary Earhart (, born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937) was an American aviation pioneer and author. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She set many other records, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences, and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.Born in Atchison, Kansas, Earhart developed a passion for adventure at a young age, steadily gaining flying experience from her twenties. In 1928, Earhart became the first female passenger to cross the Atlantic by airplane (accompanying pilot Wilmer Stultz), for which she achieved celebrity status. In 1932, piloting a Lockheed Vega 5B, Earhart made a nonstop solo transatlantic flight, becoming the first woman to achieve such a feat. She received the United States Distinguished Flying Cross for this accomplishment. In 1935, Earhart became a visiting faculty member at Purdue University as an advisor to aeronautical engineering and a career counselor to women students. She was also a member of the National Woman's Party and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment.During an attempt to make a circumnavigational flight of the globe in 1937 in a Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10-E Electra, Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island.", "Q172471": "Valens (; Latin: Flavius Julius Valens Augustus; Greek: \u039f\u1f50\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2; 328 \u2013 9 August 378) was Eastern Roman Emperor from 364 to 378. He was given the eastern half of the empire by his brother Valentinian I after the latter's accession to the throne. Valens was defeated and killed in the Battle of Adrianople, which marked the beginning of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.", "Q67092": "Waldenburg is a municipality in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland, and the capital of the district of the same name.", "Q93113": "Coluccio Salutati (16 February 1331 \u2013 4 May 1406) was an Italian humanist and man of letters, and one of the most important political and cultural leaders of Renaissance Florence; as chancellor of the Republic and its most prominent voice, he was effectively the permanent secretary of state in the generation before the rise of the Medici.", "Q734": "Guyana ( or ), officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern mainland of South America. It is the only English speaking country in South America, and is culturally considered part of the Anglophone-Caribbean sphere. In addition, it is one of the founding member countries of the Caribbean Community organization (CARICOM). Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Brazil to the south and southwest, Venezuela to the west, and Suriname to the east. With an area of 215,000 square kilometres (83,000 sq mi), Guyana is the third-smallest sovereign state on mainland South America after Uruguay and Suriname.\nThe region known as \"the Guianas\" consists of the large shield landmass north of the Amazon River and east of the Orinoco River known as the \"land of many waters\". Major rivers in Guyana include the Essequibo, the Berbice, and the Demerara. Originally inhabited by many indigenous groups, Guyana was settled by the Dutch before coming under British control in the late 18th century. It was governed as British Guiana, with a mostly plantation-style economy until the 1950s. It gained independence in 1966, and officially became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. The legacy of British rule is reflected in the country's political administration and diverse population, which includes Indian, African, Amerindian, and multiracial groups.\nGuyana is the only South American nation in which English is the official language. The majority of the population, however, speak Guyanese Creole, an English-based creole language, as a first language. Guyana is considered part of the Anglophone Caribbean. CARICOM, of which Guyana is a member, is headquartered in Guyana's capital and largest city, Georgetown. In 2008, the country joined the Union of South American Nations as a founding member.", "Q885687": "George Franklin Drew (August 6, 1827 \u2013 September 26, 1900) was the 12th Governor of the U.S. state of Florida.\nBorn in Alton, New Hampshire, he moved to the south, opening a machine shop in Columbus, Georgia in 1847. In 1865, he opened the largest sawmill in Florida in Ellaville. Elected at the end of Reconstruction on January 2, 1877, he set about to increase the economy of Florida while cutting expenses. He left office on January 4, 1881, returning to the lumber business. He settled in Jacksonville, where he died on September 26, 1900.", "Q894952": "Boubacar Diallo is a Burkinab\u00e9 film maker. The son of a veterinarian, he worked as a journalist, launching the satirical weekly magazine Journal du Jeudi and publishing two novels and a collection of short stories.\nIn 2005, he embarked on a new career as a film maker, shooting three films, Traque \u00e0 Ouaga, the romantic comedy Sofia, and the Danish coproduction Dossier br\u00fblant, a drama.\nWith the financial assistance of the Francophonie and the French Foreign Ministry, he produced the TV series S\u00e9rie noire \u00e0 Koulbi, a crime drama in 30 15-minute episodes, in 2006.", "Q76821": "Sir George Grey, KCB (14 April 1812 \u2013 19 September 1898) was a British soldier, explorer, colonial administrator and writer. He served in a succession of governing positions: Governor of South Australia, twice Governor of New Zealand, Governor of Cape Colony, and the 11th Premier of New Zealand.\nGrey was born in Lisbon, Portugal, just a few days after his father, Lieutenant-Colonel George Grey was killed at the Battle of Badajoz in Spain. He was educated in England. After military service (1829\u201337) and two explorations in Western Australia (1837\u201339), Grey became Governor of South Australia in 1841. He oversaw the colony during a difficult formative period. Despite being seen as less hands-on than his predecessor George Gawler, his fiscally responsible measures ensured the colony was in good shape by the time he departed for New Zealand in 1845.\nHe was arguably the most influential figure during the European settlement of New Zealand during much of the 19th century. Governor of New Zealand initially from 1845 to 1853, he established peace and became a pioneer scholar of the M\u0101ori culture, writing a study of their mythology and oral history. He was knighted in 1848. In 1854, Grey was appointed Governor of Cape Colony in South Africa, where his resolution of hostilities between the natives and European settlers was praised by both sides. Grey was again appointed Governor of New Zealand in 1861, following the granting of a degree of self-governance to New Zealand, serving until 1868. He was appointed as Premier in 1877, in which capacity he served until 1879.\nBy political philosophy a Gladstonian liberal and Georgist, Grey eschewed the class system for the prosaic life of Auckland's new governance he helped to establish.", "Q1252508": "Ralf Illenberger (born December 20, 1956 in Stuttgart) is a German Grammy-nominated new-age guitarist.", "Q124151": "Adolf Frey (18 February 1855, K\u00fcttigen \u2013 12 February 1920, Zurich) was a Swiss writer and literary historian. HE was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature seven times.", "Q302884": "The Bavarian People's Party (German: Bayerische Volkspartei; BVP) was the Bavarian branch of the Centre Party, a lay Roman Catholic party, which broke off from the rest of the party in 1918 to pursue a more conservative and more Bavarian particularist course. The party displayed monarchist leanings because many Bavarians had never accepted the overthrow of the House of Wittelsbach in 1918 and there was a period of near separatism in the early 1920s, culminating in Gustav von Kahr's unwillingness to abide by rulings from Berlin during the autumn crisis of 1923. This only came to an end with the shock of Adolf Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch. Following the establishment of a more stable situation throughout Germany, the party came around to a more moderate line under the leadership of Ministerpr\u00e4sident Heinrich Held and party president Fritz Sch\u00e4ffer.\n\nDuring the Weimar Republic, the BVP was consistently the most popular party in Bavaria and the party with the most seats in the Landtag of Bavaria.\nIn the second round of the 1925 German presidential election, the main contenders were Paul von Hindenburg and Wilhelm Marx. If either the BVP or the Communist Party (KPD), who put up Ernst Th\u00e4lmann in the second round, had supported Marx, he would have become President instead of the elderly von Hindenburg, who died in 1934 and was succeeded by Hitler.The party may be seen as a precursor to the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU), but alongside the CSU the Bavaria Party which has members elected to city councils in some Bavarian regions and the Bavarian Centre Party were also refounded after World War II and are explicitly claiming the historical heritage of the BVP.", "Q251210": "Rosario del Carmen Gonz\u00e1lez Flores better known as Rosario Flores (Spanish pronunciation: [ro\u02c8sa\u027ejo flo\u027ees]; born 4 November 1963) is a two-time Latin Grammy Award-winning Romani Spanish singer and actress.\nShe was born into a Romani family in Madrid, Spain, as the daughter of Antonio Gonz\u00e1lez ('El Pesca\u00edlla') and famous singer Lola Flores. She is the sister of singer Lolita Flores and singer-songwriter Antonio Flores. She has a daughter with her ex-boyfriend Carlos Orellana. Her second son, Pedro Antonio, was born on 21 January 2006, the same day as his grandmother Lola Flores. Rosario and Pedro Lazaga, her partner and father of her second son, met while filming Pedro Almod\u00f3var's film Hable con ella in 2001.", "Q454133": "Mark Peter Begich (; born March 30, 1962) is an American politician who was a United States Senator from Alaska from 2009 to 2015. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously was Mayor of Anchorage from 2003 to 2009.\nBorn in Anchorage, Begich is the son of former U.S. Representative Nick Begich Sr. He was elected to the Anchorage Assembly at the age of 26. He eventually served as chairman for three years, before leaving the Assembly in 1998. Begich ran two unsuccessful campaigns for Mayor of Anchorage in 1994 and 2000 before being elected in 2003. He was subsequently reelected in 2006. In the 2008 Senate election, Begich narrowly defeated incumbent Ted Stevens, at the time the longest-serving Republican member of the U.S. Senate.In the 2014 Senate election, Begich was narrowly defeated in his bid for reelection by former Alaska Attorney General Dan Sullivan. Following completion of his term in the U.S. Senate, Begich started Anchorage-based consulting firm Northern Compass Group. On June 1, 2018, Begich announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for Governor of Alaska in the 2018 election, where he faced off against Republican nominee and former State Senator Mike Dunleavy. He lost the gubernatorial election by a margin of 7.0%.\n\n", "Q71196": "Prince Konstantin of Bavaria (German: Konstantin Leopold Ludwig Adalbert Georg Thadeus Josef Petrus Johannes Antonius Franz von Assisi Assumption et omnes sancti Prinz von Bayern) (15 August 1920 \u2013 30 July 1969) was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach, journalist, author and a German politician.\n\n", "Q3170168": "Jean-Yves Le Gall (born 30 April 1959) is an engineering graduate from the \u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure d'optique (1981) and holds a doctorate in engineering from the University of Paris-Sud (1983). He began his career in 1981 as a researcher at the Astronomy Laboratory, French National Scientific Research Center, where he worked on the European scientific satellites project Hipparcos and ISO. In 1985 he joined the Department of Industry and was assigned to the Space Office where he was particularly in charge of relations with the space industry.The Minister for the Postal Service, Telecommunications and Space appointed Le Gall as advisor for space affairs in 1985. In this position, he participated in the definition of CNES and ESA programs. In 1993, he joined Novespace, a subsidiary of CNES, of which he was Managing Director. Le Gall was appointed as CNES Deputy Managing Director in 1996. In this function, he was the French Representative to the ESA. In 1998, he was appointed as Chairman and CEO of Starsem.In 2001, he joined Arianespace as COO. Since 2002 till April 2013 he worked as an Arianespace CEO, was succeeded by St\u00e9phane Isra\u00ebl. Since 2013 Jean-Yves Le Gall is a president of CNES.", "Q345517": "Peter Sydney Ernest Lawford (born Peter Sydney Ernest Aylen; 7 September 1923 \u2013 24 December 1984) was an English actor, producer, and socialite, who lived in the United States throughout his adult life.He was a member of the \"Rat Pack\" and the brother-in-law of President John F. Kennedy and senators Robert F. Kennedy and Edward Kennedy. From the 1940s to the 1960s, he was a well-known celebrity and starred in a number of highly acclaimed films. In later years, he was noted more for his off-screen activities as a celebrity than for his acting; it was said that he was \"famous for being famous\".\n\n", "Q1504267": "Georg Friedrich (born 31 October 1966) is an Austrian actor. He appeared in more than eighty films since 1984. In 2017 he played in the German movie Wild by Nicolette Krebitz. He won the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 2017 Berlin Film Festival for his performance in the film Bright Nights.", "Q374912": "Roger Planchon (born on 12 September 1931 in Saint-Chamond, Loire, died on 12 May 2009 in Paris), was a French playwright, director, filmmaker.\n\n", "Q255076": "Sushmita Sen (born 19 November 1975) is an Indian film actress and model who was crowned Femina Miss India in 1994 and Miss Universe 1994 contest at the age of 18. Sen is the first Indian woman to win the competition and has primarily worked in Hindi films.", "Q45233": "Helmut Qualtinger (alt. sp. Helmuth Qualtinger) (8 October 1928 \u2013 29 September 1986) was an Austrian actor, writer, reciter and cabaret performer.", "Q1224": "Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8karlo ad\u02c8dze\u028e\u028eo \u02c8t\u0283ampi] (listen); 9 December 1920 \u2013 16 September 2016) was an Italian politician and banker. He was the 49th Prime Minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and was the tenth President of Italy from 1999 to 2006.", "Q280887": "Alexander Joshua \"Alex\" Solowitz (born December 15, 1979) is an American actor, composer, singer, dancer, and producer.\nSolowitz was born in the San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles, California to a large Jewish family. He has a younger sister Aleeza Solowitz, a columnist who also works in the film industry and lives between Los Angeles and New York. He was in the fictional boy band 2ge+her portrayed in an MTV movie, as well as on the TV series of the same name. Later, he appeared on a number of television shows, including Everybody Loves Raymond, Just Shoot Me!, ER, No Ordinary Family, Cousin Skeeter, and Justified.\nHe also appeared as Dave in \"One Shot, One Kill\", a first-season episode of NCIS.\nSolowitz appeared in the film Gardens of the Night with John Malkovich. He played Brett in the 1999 film Never Been Kissed and Bobby \"911\" in the 2006 film Alpha Dog.\nHe voiced the character Richard Bates in the 2011 video game L.A. Noire and appeared in the 2014 film Bad Country.", "Q458709": "Magdi Cristiano Allam (Arabic: \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u200e Majd\u012b \u02bfAll\u0101m; born 22 April 1952), is an Egyptian-born Italian journalist and politician, noted for his criticism of Islamic extremism and his articles on the relations between Western culture and the Islamic world. Allam converted from Islam to Christianity during the Vatican's 2008 Easter vigil service presided over by Pope Benedict XVI.He also serves as a regional councillor in the Italian region of Basilicata after being elected in 2010 and a Member of the European Parliament for Italy since 2009.\n\n", "Q712860": "Christopher Anthony John Martin (born 2 March 1977) is a British singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, and philanthropist. He is the lead singer and co-founder of the rock band Coldplay. Born in Exeter, Devon, Martin went to University College London, where he formed a rock band with Jonny Buckland, Guy Berryman, and Will Champion in 1996 called Starfish, which was eventually renamed Coldplay in 1998.\nMartin, along with the other Coldplay members, achieved worldwide fame with the release of the band's song \"Yellow\" in 2000, a song that also earned the band their first Grammy Award nomination in the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song. The band then received accolades for their subsequent albums including A Rush of Blood to the Head and Viva la Vida, winning a Grammy Award for both and a Brit Award for the former. Coldplay have sold over 100 million records worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists. Martin appeared on Debrett's 2017 list of the most influential people in the United Kingdom.\n\n", "Q73959": "Fritz Sch\u00e4ffer (12 May 1888 in Munich \u2013 29 March 1967 in Berchtesgaden) was a German politician of the Bavarian People's Party (BVP) and the Christian Social Union (CSU). He was the Bavarian Minister of Finance from 1931 until 1933, when the Nazis came to power in Berlin. In 1945 he became the first Bavarian Minister-President to hold office after the end of the Second World War. From 1949 to 1957 he was the West German federal Minister of Finance, and from 1957 to 1961 federal Minister of Justice.", "Q1435910": "Derek Watkins (born February 13, 1974), better known as Fonzworth Bentley, is a musician and author. He is perhaps best known for being Sean Combs' former personal valet and assistant, as first seen in Making the Band 2, and was the host of MTV's From G's to Gents. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia.", "Q106496": "Paula Kalenberg (born 9 November 1986) is a German actress. She is probably best known to international audiences for her roles in films Krabat, Vision \u2013 From the Life of Hildegard von Bingen and Jew Suss: Rise and Fall.", "Q52997": "Otto Ludwig Preminger (, German pronunciation: [\u02c8pre\u02d0mi\u014b\u0250]; 5 December 1905 \u2013 23 April 1986) was an Austrian-American theatre and film director.\nHe directed more than 35 feature films in a five-decade career after leaving the theatre. He first gained attention for film noir mysteries such as Laura (1944) and Fallen Angel (1945), while in the 1950s and 1960s, he directed a number of high-profile adaptations of popular novels and stage works. Several of these later films pushed the boundaries of censorship by dealing with themes which were then taboo in Hollywood, such as drug addiction (The Man with the Golden Arm, 1955), rape (Anatomy of a Murder, 1959) and homosexuality (Advise & Consent, 1962). He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director. He also had a few acting roles.", "Q179242": "Koudou Laurent Gbagbo (Gagnoa B\u00e9t\u00e9: Gbagbo [\u0261\u0361ba\u0261\u0361bo]; French pronunciation: \u200b[lo\u0281\u0251\u0303 ba\u0261bo]; born 31 May 1945) is an Ivorian politician who was the President of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire from 2000 until his arrest in April 2011. A historian, Gbagbo was imprisoned in the early 1970s and again in the early 1990s, and he lived in exile in France during much of the 1980s as a result of his union activism. Gbagbo founded the Ivorian Popular Front (FPI) in 1982 and ran unsuccessfully for president against F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny at the start of multi-party politics in 1990. He won a seat in the National Assembly of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire in 1990.\nGbagbo claimed victory after Robert Gu\u00e9\u00ef, head of a military junta, barred other leading politicians from running in the October 2000 presidential election. The Ivorian people took to the streets, toppling Gu\u00e9\u00ef. Gbagbo was then installed as president.\nIn the 2010 presidential election, Alassane Ouattara defeated Gbagbo, and was recognized as the winner by election observers, the international community, the African Union (AU), and the Economic Community of West African States. However, Gbagbo refused to step down, despite mounting international pressure. The Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) announced that Ouattara had won the race with 54% of the vote, a tally that the United Nations concluded was credible; however, the Constitutional Council, a body dominated by pro-Gbagbo members, annulled the results in Ouattara's electoral strongholds in the north, claiming fraud, and declared Gbagbo the winner with 51% of the vote. In December 2010, both Gbagbo and Ouattara assumed the presidency, triggering a short period of civil conflict in which about 3,000 people were killed. Gbagbo was arrested the following year by pro-Ouattara forces, who were supported by French troops. Gbagbo was extradited to The Hague in November 2011, where he was charged with four counts of crimes against humanity in the International Criminal Court in connection with the post-election violence. Gbagbo was the first former head of state to be taken into the court's custody. In January 2019, an ICC panel dismissed the charges against Gbagbo and one of his former ministers, Charles Bl\u00e9 Goud\u00e9, determining that the evidence presented was insufficient to prove that the pair committed crimes against humanity. Prosecutors are appealing the decision, and Gbagbo is prohibited from returning to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire pending the appeal proceedings.", "Q107788": "Gustl Gstettenbaur (1 March 1914 \u2013 20 November 1996) was a German stage, film and television actor.\nBorn in Bavaria, Gustl Gstettenbaur began his career onstage as a child actor in 1927, at the age of thirteen. He went on to play a variety of juvenile roles in German films during the late silent film era. Gstettenbaur's career continued as an adult on stage, film and in television.", "Q309709": "Thomas Augustine Arne (; 12 March 1710 \u2013 5 March 1778) was an English composer. He is best known for his patriotic song \"Rule, Britannia!\", which has become a second national anthem to \"God Save the Queen\", and the song \"A-Hunting We Will Go\". Arne was a leading British theatre composer of the 18th century, working at Drury Lane and Covent Garden.", "Q53451": "John I Albert (Polish: Jan I Olbracht; 27 December 1459 \u2013 17 June 1501) was King of Poland (1492\u20131501) and Duke of G\u0142og\u00f3w (1491\u20131498).", "Q732568": "Conrad Michael Richter (October 13, 1890 \u2013 October 30, 1968) was an American novelist whose lyrical work is concerned largely with life on the American frontier in various periods. His novel The Town (1950), the last story of his trilogy The Awakening Land about the Ohio frontier, won the 1951 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. His novel The Waters of Kronos won the 1961 National Book Award for Fiction. Two collections of short stories were published posthumously during the 20th century, and several of his novels have been reissued during the 21st century by academic presses.", "Q254368": "Megumi Ogata (\u7dd2\u65b9 \u6075\u7f8e, Ogata Megumi, born June 9, 1965) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer from the Greater Tokyo Area. As a singer, she goes by the name em:\u00f3u. She attended Tokai University, but left due to lack of interest. She is also best known for voicing Makoto Naegi and Nagito Komaeda in the Danganronpa series, Kurama in Yu Yu Hakusho, Shinji Ikari in Neon Genesis Evangelion, Yugi Mutou and Dark Yugi in Yu-Gi-Oh!, and Yukito Tsukishiro/Yue in Cardcaptor Sakura.", "Q316629": "Alan Cumming (born 27 January 1965) is a Scottish actor, comedian, singer, writer, producer, director, and activist who has appeared in numerous films, television shows, and plays. His London stage appearances include Hamlet, the Maniac in Accidental Death of an Anarchist (for which he received an Olivier Award), the lead in Bent, and The National Theatre of Scotland's The Bacchae. On Broadway, he has appeared in The Threepenny Opera, as the master of ceremonies in Cabaret (for which he won a Tony Award), Design for Living and a one-man adaptation of Macbeth. His best-known film roles include his performances in Emma, GoldenEye, the Spy Kids trilogy, Son of the Mask, and X2. Cumming also introduces Masterpiece Mystery! for PBS and appeared on The Good Wife, for which he has been nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, two Golden Globe Awards and a Satellite Award. A filming of his Las Vegas cabaret show, Alan Cumming Sings Sappy Songs, aired on PBS stations in November 2016.Starting in March 2018, Cumming was starring in the CBS TV series Instinct (stylized as INSTI\u0418CT) with Bojana Novakovic, which was cancelled in August 2019.\nCumming has written a novel, Tommy's Tale, and an autobiography, Not My Father's Son: A Memoir, had a cable talk show called Eavesdropping with Alan Cumming, and produced a line of perfumed products labelled \"Cumming\". He has also contributed opinion pieces to many publications and performed cabaret shows, I Bought a Blue Car Today and Alan Cumming Sings Sappy Songs.", "Q73781": "Elisabeth Hauptmann (20 June 1897, Peckelsheim, Westphalia, German Empire \u2013 20 April 1973, East Berlin) was a German writer who worked with fellow German playwright and director Bertolt Brecht.\nShe got to know Brecht in 1922, the same year she came to Berlin. She worked as a secretary for the German-American poet and writer Herman George Scheffauer. She began collaborating with Brecht in 1924, and is listed as co-author of The Threepenny Opera (1928). She purportedly wrote the majority of the text as well as providing a German translation of John Gay's The Beggar's Opera, on which the musical play is based, as working material for Brecht and Kurt Weill, the composer. She reportedly wrote at least half of the Mahagonny-Songspiel, but was not credited. She was the main text author of the musical comedy Happy End (1929).Because of the rise of Nazism, Hauptmann went into exile in the United States from 1934 to 1949, marrying German composer and conductor Paul Dessau in 1943. After Brecht's death in 1956, she published works of his at Suhrkamp Verlag, a German publishing house, and worked as a dramaturg for the Berlin Ensemble.In 1961, she received the Lessing Award, which the Ministry for Culture (East Germany) awarded every year. She made a German version of He hanshan (The Confronted undershirt), a Yuan Dynasty-era Chinese play. In 1977, a collection of her works was published under the title Julia ohne Romeo (Julia without Romeo).", "Q2622748": "Shantanu Narayen (born c.\u20091963) is an Indian American business executive. He is the chairman, president, and chief executive officer (CEO) of Adobe Inc. Prior to this, he was the president and chief operating officer since 2005.", "Q138578": "Hoboken ( HOH-boh-k\u0259n; Unami: Hupok\u00e0n) is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 50,005, having grown by 11,428 (+29.6%) from 38,577 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 5,180 (+15.5%) from the 33,397 in the 1990 Census. Hoboken is part of the New York metropolitan area and is the site of Hoboken Terminal, a major transportation hub for the tri-state region.\nHoboken was first settled as part of the Pavonia, New Netherland colony in the 17th century. During the early 19th century the city was developed by Colonel John Stevens, first as a resort and later as a residential neighborhood. Originally part of Bergen Township and later North Bergen Township, it became a separate township in 1849 and was incorporated as a city in 1855. Hoboken is the location of the first recorded game of baseball and of the Stevens Institute of Technology, one of the oldest technological universities in the United States. It is also well known for being the birthplace and hometown of American singer Frank Sinatra, and there are parks and streets located in the city that are named for him.\nLocated on the Hudson Waterfront, the city was an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey and home to major industries for most of the 20th century. The character of the city has changed from a blue collar town to one of upscale shops and condominiums. It has been ranked 2nd in Niche's \"2019 Best Places to Live in Hudson County\" list.", "Q1474019": "The University of Hull is a public research university in Kingston upon Hull, a city in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was founded in 1927 as University College Hull. The main university campus is located in Hull and is home to the Hull York Medical School, a joint initiative with the University of York. Students are served by Hull University Union.\nThe first chancellor of the university was Lord Middleton (1954-1969), followed by Lord Cohen (1970-1977), Lord Wilberforce (1978-1994), and Lord Armstrong (1994- 2006). Virginia Bottomley (Baroness Bottomley of Nettlestone) was installed as the current chancellor in April 2006.", "Q368308": "Hwang Yoon-Seok (Korean: \ud669\uc724\uc11d, born January 17, 1982), better known as Hwanhee (Korean: \ud658\ud76c), is a South Korean singer, actor and a member of South Korean R&B duo Fly to the Sky.\n\n", "Q166389": "Sir Daniel Michael Blake Day-Lewis (born 29 April 1957) is a retired English actor. One of the most respected actors of his generation, he has also been hailed as one of the greatest actors in cinematic history. He has received numerous awards, including three Academy Awards for Best Actor, making him the only male actor to have three wins in that category and one of only three male actors to win three Oscars. He won four BAFTA Awards for Best Actor, three Screen Actors Guild Awards and two Golden Globe Awards. In June 2014, Day-Lewis received a knighthood for services to drama.Born and raised in London, Day-Lewis excelled on stage at the National Youth Theatre before being accepted at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, which he attended for three years. Despite his traditional training at the Bristol Old Vic, he is considered a method actor, known for his constant devotion to and research of his roles. Displaying a \"mercurial intensity\", he would often remain completely in character throughout the shooting schedules of his films, even to the point of adversely affecting his health. He is one of the most selective actors in the film industry, having starred in only six films since 1998, with as many as five years between roles. Protective of his private life, he rarely gives interviews, and makes very few public appearances.Day-Lewis shifted between theatre and film for most of the early 1980s, joining the Royal Shakespeare Company and playing Romeo in Romeo and Juliet and Flute in A Midsummer Night's Dream, before appearing in the 1984 film The Bounty. He starred in My Beautiful Laundrette (1985), his first critically acclaimed role, and gained further public notice with A Room with a View (1985). He then assumed leading man status with The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1988) and The Last of the Mohicans (1992). His performance in My Left Foot (1989) saw him receive his first Academy Award and BAFTA for Best Actor. Following his performance in The Boxer (1997), Day-Lewis retired from acting for three years, taking up a new profession as an apprentice shoe-maker in Italy. He returned to acting in 2000 to film Gangs of New York (2002). He won Oscars and BAFTAs again for There Will Be Blood (2007) and Lincoln (2012). He was also nominated for the Academy Award for his work in In the Name of the Father (1993), Gangs of New York (2002), and Phantom Thread (2017). Day-Lewis announced his retirement in 2017, following the completion of Phantom Thread.", "Q64216": "Mellingen is a historic town and a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. The town is located on the Reuss.", "Q366325": "Frigyes Karinthy (Hungarian: [\u02c8fri\u025f\u025b\u0283 \u02c8k\u0252rinti]; 25 June 1887 \u2013 29 August 1938) was a Hungarian author, playwright, poet, journalist, and translator. He was the first proponent of the six degrees of separation concept, in his 1929 short story, Chains (L\u00e1ncszemek). Karinthy remains one of the most popular Hungarian writers. He was the father of poet G\u00e1bor Karinthy and writer Ferenc Karinthy.\nAmong the English translations of Karinthy's works are two science fiction novellas that continue the adventures of Swift's character Gulliver. Voyage to Faremido is an early examination of artificial intelligence, with\na pacifist theme, while Capillaria is a polished and darkly humorous satire on the 'battle of the sexes'.", "Q193670": "Frantz Omar Fanon (, US: ; French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303ts fan\u0254\u0303]; 20 July 1925 \u2013 6 December 1961), also known as Ibrahim Frantz Fanon, was a French West Indian psychiatrist and political philosopher from the French colony of Martinique (today a French department), whose works are influential in the fields of post-colonial studies, critical theory and Marxism. As well as being an intellectual, Fanon was a political radical, Pan-Africanist, and Marxist humanist concerned with the psychopathology of colonization and the human, social, and cultural consequences of decolonization.In the course of his work as a physician and psychiatrist, Fanon supported the Algerian War of Independence from France and was a member of the Algerian National Liberation Front. For more than five decades, the life and works of Frantz Fanon have inspired national liberation movements and other radical political organizations in Palestine, Sri Lanka, South Africa, and the United States. He formulated a model for community psychology, believing that many mental health patients would do better if they were integrated into their family and community instead of being treated with institutionalized care. He also helped found the field of institutional psychotherapy while working at Saint-Alban under Francois Tosquelles and Jean Oury. In What Fanon Said: A Philosophical Introduction To His Life And Thought, Lewis R. Gordon remarked that\n\nFanon's contributions to the history of ideas are manifold. He is influential not only because of the originality of his thought but also because of the astuteness of his criticisms. He developed a profound social existential analysis of antiblack racism, which led him to identify conditions of skewed rationality and reason in contemporary discourses on the human being.\nFanon published numerous books, including The Wretched of the Earth (1961). This influential work focuses on what he believes is the necessary role of violence by activists in conducting decolonization struggles.", "Q24632": "John Scot Barrowman (born 11 March 1967) is a British-American actor, singer, presenter, author, and comic book writer. Born in Glasgow, Barrowman moved to the U.S. with his family in 1975. Encouraged by his high school teachers, he studied performing arts at the United States International University in San Diego before landing the role of Billy Crocker in Cole Porter's Anything Goes in London's West End. Since his debut, he has played lead roles in various musicals both in the West End and on Broadway, including Miss Saigon, The Phantom of the Opera, Sunset Boulevard, and Matador. After appearing in Sam Mendes' production of The Fix, he was nominated for the 1998 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical and, in the early 2000s, returned to the role of Billy Crocker in the revival of Anything Goes. His most recent West End credit was in the 2009 production of La Cage aux Folles.\nAlongside his theatrical career, Barrowman has appeared in various films including the musical biopic De-Lovely (2004) and musical comedy The Producers (2005). Before venturing into British television, he featured in the American television dramas Titans and Central Park West but he is better known for his acting and presenting work for the BBC that includes his work for CBBC in its earlier years, his self-produced entertainment programme Tonight's the Night, and his BAFTA Cymru-nominated role of Captain Jack Harkness in the science fiction series Doctor Who and Torchwood. Barrowman has also had a number of guest roles in television programmes alongside both in the US and the UK. He appeared as a contestant on the first series of celebrity ice skating show Dancing on Ice while his theatrical background allowed him to become a judge on Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical talent shows How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria?, Any Dream Will Do and I'd Do Anything. In 2006, he was voted Stonewall's Entertainer of the Year. He hosted the BBC One quiz show Pressure Pad in 2013 and 2014. Barrowman starred in The CW's Arrow and Legends of Tomorrow as Malcolm Merlyn.\nBarrowman is also featured on more than a dozen musical theatre recordings, including cover tunes found on his 2007 album, Another Side, and 2008's Music Music Music. Both albums accrued places on the UK Albums Chart, as did his self-titled John Barrowman (2010), which reached number 11, his highest chart placing to date. Furthermore, Barrowman has published two memoirs and autobiographies, Anything Goes (2008) and I Am What I Am (2009), with his sister Carole as co-author. The siblings also teamed up to write a novel, Hollow Earth (2012). The second book in the series, Bone Quill, has been released in the UK and was released in the US in July 2013.", "Q449837": "Elisabeth DelPadre Hasselbeck (n\u00e9e Filarski; born May 28, 1977) is a retired American television personality and talk show host. Hasselbeck first rose to prominence in 2001 as a contestant on the second season of the American version of Survivor, where she finished in fourth place. She married NFL quarterback Tim Hasselbeck the following year.\nFrom 2003 to 2013, Hasselbeck appeared as a co-host on the ABC daytime talk show The View, where she became known for her conservative views on sociopolitical issues. With her co-hosts Joy Behar, Whoopi Goldberg, Sherri Shepherd, and Barbara Walters, she was awarded the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show Host during the 36th Daytime Emmy Awards in 2009. Thereafter, Hasselbeck was a co-host on Fox & Friends from 2013 to 2015, and has since retired from television.", "Q294819": "Rodrigo Junqueira dos Reis Santoro (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0281o\u02c8d\u027ei\u0261u s\u0250\u0303\u02c8to\u027eu]; born 22 August 1975) is a Brazilian actor and voice actor. He has appeared in many successful movies, including Brainstorm (2001), Carandiru (2003), Love Actually (2003), Che (2008), I Love You Phillip Morris (2009), and Rio (2011). He is perhaps most famous for his portrayal of Persian King Xerxes in the movie 300 (2006) and its sequel 300: Rise of an Empire (2014). He was a series regular on the television series Lost portraying the character Paulo, and played Hector Escaton in HBO's Westworld (2016\u20132020).", "Q615896": "Roy Frank Drusky, Jr. (June 22, 1930 \u2013 September 23, 2004) was an American country music singer, songwriter, producer, actor and disc jockey popular from the 1960s through the early 1970s. Known for his baritone voice, he was known for incorporating the Nashville sound and for being the first artist to record a song written by Kris Kristofferson (\"Jody and the Kid\"). His highest-charting single was the No. 1 \"Yes, Mr. Peters\", a duet with Priscilla Mitchell.", "Q707538": "Stephen John Dillane (; born 27 March 1957) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Leonard Woolf in the 2002 film The Hours, Stannis Baratheon in Game of Thrones, and Thomas Jefferson in the 2008 HBO miniseries John Adams, a part which earned him a Primetime Emmy nomination. An experienced stage actor who has been called an \"actor's actor\", Dillane won a Tony Award for his lead performance in Tom Stoppard's play The Real Thing (2000) and gave critically acclaimed performances in Angels in America (1993), Hamlet (1994), and a one-man Macbeth (2005). His television work has additionally garnered him BAFTA and International Emmy Awards for best actor.", "Q190379": "Ian Russell McEwan, (born 21 June 1948) is an English novelist and screenwriter. In 2008, The Times featured him on its list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\" and The Daily Telegraph ranked him number 19 in its list of the \"100 most powerful people in British culture\".McEwan began his career writing sparse, Gothic short stories. His first two novels, The Cement Garden and The Comfort of Strangers, earned him the nickname \"Ian Macabre\". These were followed by three novels of some success in the 1980s and early 1990s. His novel Enduring Love was adapted into a film of the same name. He won the Man Booker Prize with Amsterdam. His following novel, Atonement, garnered acclaim and was adapted into an Oscar-winning film starring Keira Knightley and James McAvoy. His later novels have included The Children Act, Nutshell, and Machines Like Me.", "Q66401": "Nenzlingen is a municipality in the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q248972": "Tom & Jerry Kids (also known as Tom & Jerry Kids Show) is a 1990-1993 American animated children's comedy television series co-produced by Hanna-Barbera and Turner Entertainment Co., and starring the cat-and-mouse duo Tom and Jerry as toddlers (kitten and mouse). It began airing as the first program of the FOX children's block, Fox Kids, on September 8, 1990.The series is somewhat similar to the \"older\" version of the original theatricals, partly akin to being produced by creators William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, founders of H-B. In terms of violence level, they are far closer to the original cartoons than previous television incarnations such as Filmation's The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show although somewhat milder than Hanna and Barbera's version.", "Q153332": "Mae Marsh (born Mary Wayne Marsh; November 9, 1894 \u2013 February 13, 1968) was an American film actress with a career spanning over 50 years.", "Q435532": "Mae Clarke (born Violet Mary Klotz; August 16, 1910 \u2013 April 29, 1992) was an American actress. She is widely remembered for playing Henry Frankenstein's bride Elizabeth, who is chased by Boris Karloff in Frankenstein, and for being on the receiving end of James Cagney's halved grapefruit in The Public Enemy. Both films were released in 1931.", "Q115367": "Max Frankel (born April 3, 1930) is an American journalist.\n\n", "Q69732": "Worb is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q260026": "Nancy Freeman-Mitford (28 November 1904 \u2013 30 June 1973), known as Nancy Mitford, was an English novelist, biographer and journalist. The eldest of the Mitford sisters, she was regarded as one of the \"Bright Young People\" on the London social scene in the years between the world wars. She wrote several novels about upper-class life in England and France, and is considered a sharp and often provocative wit. She also has a reputation as a writer of popular historical biographies.\nMitford enjoyed a privileged childhood as the eldest daughter of the Hon. David Freeman-Mitford, later 2nd Baron Redesdale. Educated privately, she had no training as a writer before publishing her first novel in 1931. This early effort and the three that followed it created little stir. It was her two semi-autobiographical postwar novels, The Pursuit of Love (1945) and Love in a Cold Climate (1949), that established her reputation. \nMitford's marriage to Peter Rodd, which began in 1933, proved unsatisfactory to both, and they divorced in 1957 after a lengthy separation. During the Second World War she formed a liaison with a Free French officer, Gaston Palewski, who became the love of her life. After the war Mitford settled in France and lived there until her death, maintaining contact with her many English friends through letters and regular visits.\nDuring the 1950s Mitford was identified with the concept of \"U\" (upper) and \"non-U\" language, whereby social origins and standing were identified by words used in everyday speech. She had intended this as a joke, but many took it seriously, and Mitford was considered an authority on manners and breeding. \nHer later years were bittersweet, the success of her biographical studies of Madame de Pompadour, Voltaire and King Louis XIV contrasting with the ultimate failure of her relationship with Palewski. From the late 1960s her health deteriorated, and she endured several years of painful illness before her death in 1973.", "Q892310": "Sophia Rosa Berghout (14 December 1909 - 22 March 1993) was a Dutch harpist. Her obituary in The Independent called her \"arguably the most influential harpist this century\".", "Q36236": "Malayalam (; Malayalam: \u0d2e\u0d32\u0d2f\u0d3e\u0d33\u0d02, Malay\u0101\u1e37am ?, [m\u0259l\u0259ja\u02d0\u026d\u0259m]) is a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (Mah\u00e9 district) by the Malayali people. It is one of 22 scheduled languages of India spoken by nearly 2.88% of Indians. Malayalam has official language status in the state of Kerala and in the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (Mah\u00e9) and is spoken by 37 million people worldwide. Malayalam is also spoken by linguistic minorities in the neighbouring states; with significant number of speakers in the Nilgiris, Kanyakumari, and Coimbatore, Tenkasi, Theni districts of Tamil Nadu and Kodaguand Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka. Due to Malayali expatriates in the Persian Gulf, the language is also widely spoken in Gulf countries.\nThe origin of Malayalam remains a matter of dispute among scholars. One view holds that Malayalam and modern Tamil are offshoots of Middle Tamil and separated from it sometime after the c.\u20097th century AD. A second view argues for the development of the two languages out of \"Proto-Dravidian\" or \"Proto-Tamil-Malayalam\" in the prehistoric era. Designated a \"Classical Language in India\" in 2013, it developed into the current form mainly by the influence of the poet Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan in the 16th century. The oldest documents written purely in Malayalam and still surviving are the Vazhappalli Copper plates from 832 AD and Tharisapalli Copper plates from 849 AD. \nThe earliest script used to write Malayalam was the Vatteluttu alphabet, and later the Kolezhuttu, which derived from it. The current Malayalam script is based on the Vatteluttu script, which was extended with Grantha script letters to adopt Indo-Aryan loanwords. The oldest literary work in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition, is dated from between the 9th and 11th centuries. The first travelogue in any Indian language is the Malayalam Varthamanappusthakam, written by Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar in 1785.", "Q165680": "Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy Lec (Polish pronunciation: [sta\u02c8\u0272iswaf \u02c8j\u025b\u0290\u0268 l\u025bts]; 6 March 1909 \u2013 7 May 1966), born Baron Stanis\u0142aw Jerzy de Tusch-Letz, was a Polish aphorist and poet. Often mentioned among the greatest writers of post-war Poland, he was one of the most influential aphorists of the 20th century, known for lyrical poetry and skeptical philosophical-moral aphorisms, often with a political subtext.", "Q70263": "Franz Etzel (12 August 1902 \u2013 9 May 1970) was a German politician of the CDU. \nEtzel was born in Wesel, Rhine Province. From 1949 to 4 January 1953 and from 1957 to 1965 Etzel was member of the German Bundestag. From 1957 to 1961 he was Minister of Finance. He died in Wittlaer by D\u00fcsseldorf, aged 67.", "Q433143": "Nathalie Stutzmann (n\u00e9e Dupuy; born 6 May 1965) is a French operatic contralto and conductor. As a singer, she specialises in Lieder, m\u00e9lodies and baroque music. As a conductor, she directed Orfeo 55, the chamber orchestra she founded. She has been the principal guest conductor of RT\u00c9 National Symphony Orchestra since September 2017 and chief conductor of Kristiansand Symphony Orchestra since September 2018.", "Q181274": "George \"Corpsegrinder\" Fisher (born July 8, 1970) is an American death metal vocalist who is the lead singer for the American death metal band Cannibal Corpse, the melodic death metal band Paths of Possession, and the extreme metal supergroup Serpentine Dominion. He recorded two albums with Florida's Monstrosity before leaving and joining Cannibal Corpse in late 1995, replacing vocalist Chris Barnes, who is now the vocalist for Six Feet Under.\nFisher has also provided guest vocals for New York technical death metal band Suffocation on the songs \"Reincremation\" and \"Mass Obliteration\" from their debut album, Effigy of the Forgotten, as well as guest vocals for California deathcore band Suicide Silence on the song \"Control\" from their fourth album, You Can't Stop Me. Fisher also performed guest vocals on Job for a Cowboy's 2014 album Sun Eater on the song \"The Synthetic Sea.\"\nAs a death metal vocalist, Fisher employs the \"death growl\" extended vocal technique. Fisher has also gained much popularity through the size of his neck. He has explained multiple times that the size of his neck is due to a combination of headbanging and lifting weights when he was younger.", "Q374721": "Wild Bill Elliott (October 16, 1904 \u2013 November 26, 1965) was an American film actor. He specialized in playing the rugged heroes of B Westerns, particularly the Red Ryder series of films.", "Q750460": "Jet are an Australian rock band formed in 2001. The band consists of lead guitarist Cameron Muncey, bassist Mark Wilson, and brothers Nic and Chris Cester on vocals/rhythm guitar and drums respectively. The group sold 6.5 million albums. The band dissolved in 2012, but reformed in 2016.\n\n", "Q85942": "Nachman HaKohen Krochmal (born in Brody, Galicia, on 17 February 1785; died at Ternopil on 31 July 1840) was a Jewish Galician philosopher, theologian, and historian.", "Q643408": "Bertrand Poirot-Delpech (10 February 1929, Paris \u2013 14 November 2006) was a French journalist, essayist and novelist. He was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise on 10 April 1986. He is the father of writer Julie Wolkenstein.", "Q11689": "Sabina Jeschke (born 27 July 1968 in Kung\u00e4lv, Sweden) is a German university professor for information sciences in mechanical engineering at the RWTH Aachen University. As of 10 November 2017, she was named member of the management board of Deutschen Bahn AG for digitalization and technology. She is also the director of the Cybernetics Lab IMA/ZLW & IfU.\nIn the summer semester of 2017, she is on sabbatical leave to develop her research in the area of artificial consciousness (artificial / machine consciousness), and is involved in building a think tank \"Strong Artificial Intelligence\" at the Volvo Car Corporation in G\u00f6teborg. Since May 2015, Jeschke has been a member of the supervisory board of K\u00f6rber AG, since April 2012 chairman of the board of VDI Aachen", "Q60070": "Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (German: [\u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0d\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8v\u026alh\u025blm \u02c8jo\u02d0z\u025bf \u02c8\u0283\u025bl\u026a\u014b]; 27 January 1775 \u2013 20 August 1854), later (after 1812) von Schelling, was a German philosopher. Standard histories of philosophy make him the midpoint in the development of German idealism, situating him between Johann Gottlieb Fichte, his mentor in his early years, and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, his one-time university roommate, early friend, and later rival. Interpreting Schelling's philosophy is regarded as difficult because of its evolving nature.\nSchelling's thought in the large has been neglected, especially in the English-speaking world. An important factor in this was the ascendancy of Hegel, whose mature works portray Schelling as a mere footnote in the development of idealism. Schelling's Naturphilosophie also has been attacked by scientists for its tendency to analogize and lack of empirical orientation. However, some later philosophers have shown interest in re-examining Schelling's body of work.", "Q2545780": "Gary Hill (born April 4, 1951) is an American artist who lives and works in Seattle, Washington. Often viewed as one of the foundational artists in video art, based on the single-channel work and video- and sound-based installations of the 1970s and 1980s, he in fact began working in metal sculpture in the late 1960s. Today he is best known for internationally exhibited installations and performance art, concerned as much with innovative language as with technology, and for continuing work in a broad range of media. His longtime work with intermedia explores an array of issues ranging from the physicality of language, synesthesia and perceptual conundrums to ontological space and viewer interactivity. The recipient of many awards, his influential work has been exhibited in most major contemporary art museums worldwide.", "Q60716": "Ferdinand Alexander Porsche (11 December 1935 \u2013 5 April 2012), nicknamed \"Butzi\", son of Ferry Porsche, grandson of Ferdinand Porsche, was a German designer whose best known product was the first Porsche 911.While his grandfather and father were both engineers, he was more involved in working out the appearance of a product. He never thought of himself as an artist or designer, but more as a technically talented craftsman in shaping.", "Q98": "The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.\nAt 165,250,000 square kilometers (63,800,000 square miles) in area (as defined with an Antarctic southern border), this largest division of the World Ocean\u2014and, in turn, the hydrosphere\u2014covers about 46% of Earth's water surface and about one-third of its total surface area, making it larger than all of Earth's land area combined. The centers of both the Water Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere are in the Pacific Ocean. The equator subdivides it into the North(ern) Pacific Ocean and South(ern) Pacific Ocean, with two exceptions: the Gal\u00e1pagos and Gilbert Islands, while straddling the equator, are deemed wholly within the South Pacific.Its mean depth is 4,000 meters (13,000 feet). Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, located in the western north Pacific, is the deepest point in the world, reaching a depth of 10,928 meters (35,853 feet). The Pacific also contains the deepest point in the Southern Hemisphere, the Horizon Deep in the Tonga Trench, at 10,823 meters (35,509 feet). The third deepest point on Earth, the Sirena Deep, is also located in the Mariana Trench.\nThe western Pacific has many major marginal seas, including the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Philippine Sea, the Coral Sea, and the Tasman Sea.", "Q5917": "Huntington Beach is a seaside city in Orange County in Southern California, located 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Downtown Los Angeles. The city is named after American businessman Henry E. Huntington. The population was 189,992 during the 2010 census, making it the most populous beach city in Orange County and the seventh most populous city in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its estimated 2018 population was 200,641. It is bordered by Bolsa Chica Basin State Marine Conservation Area on the west, the Pacific Ocean on the southwest, by Seal Beach on the northwest, by Westminster on the north, by Fountain Valley on the northeast, by Costa Mesa on the east, and by Newport Beach on the southeast.\nHuntington Beach (locally called \"Huntington\") is known for its long 9.5-mile (15.3 km) stretch of sandy beach, mild climate, excellent surfing, and beach culture. The ocean waves are enhanced by a natural effect caused by the edge-diffraction of open ocean swells around Santa Catalina Island. Swells generated predominantly from the North Pacific in winter and from a combination of Southern Hemisphere storms and hurricanes in the summer focus on Huntington Beach, creating consistent surf all year long, hence the nickname \"Surf City\".", "Q229426": "Keri Lynn Russell (born March 23, 1976) is an American actress and dancer. She came to fame for portraying the title role of Felicity Porter on the WB drama series Felicity (1998\u20132002), for which she won a Golden Globe Award. Russell also starred as KGB agent Elizabeth Jennings on the FX spy thriller series The Americans (2013\u20132018), for which she was nominated for Primetime Emmy and Golden Globe awards.\nRussell has appeared in several films, including Mission: Impossible III (2006), Waitress (2007), August Rush (2007), Extraordinary Measures (2010), Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014), Free State of Jones (2016), and Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (2019). In 2017, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q70505": "Rances is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q4480746": "The MSU Faculty of Journalism is a faculty of the Moscow State University. It is situated on the Mohovaya, 9, in downtown Moscow, approximately one block away from the Kremlin, Hotel National, Moscow and the Manege Square. \nThe dean of the MSU Faculty of Journalism is professor Elena Leonidovna Vartanova. The president is professor Yassen Nikolayevich Zassoursky. Zassoursky was the dean of the Faculty of Journalism since 1965 till 2007.\nThe Department of Journalism was established in 1947 at the Faculty of Philology of the Moscow State University. In 1952 it was reorganised as the independent Faculty of Journalism. Nowadays it is considered to be a leading school of journalism and mass communication in Moscow, Russia and as well as the CIS countries.\nAbout 15,000 mass media specialists who currently work in different editorial boards, television and radio stations, news agencies in Russia and abroad have been educated at the Faculty of Journalism since that time. More than 600 foreign students from Europe, Asia, Africa and America have graduated from the Faculty of Journalism. More than 300 graduates from the ClS and other foreign countries have studied here as well.\nThe graduates of the Faculty of Journalism are highly appreciated at both internal and external media career markets. High standards of academic education and close linkage to practical journalism are reputed by media institutions as a guarantee of a \"good journalism\". Post-graduate students, holders of the master degree, and probationers can continue their studies at the Faculty of Journalism as doctoral candidates.", "Q153454": "Diane Julie Abbott (born 27 September 1953) is a British politician who served as the Shadow Home Secretary in the Shadow Cabinet of Jeremy Corbyn from 2016 to 2020. Abbott has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hackney North and Stoke Newington since 1987. As a member of the Labour Party, she has held various positions in successive Shadow Cabinets; she was the country's first black female MP and is the longest-serving black MP in the House of Commons.\nBorn in Paddington to a British Jamaican family, Abbott studied History at Newnham College, Cambridge University. She worked in the civil service and as a reporter for Thames Television and TV-am before becoming a press officer for the Greater London Council. Joining Labour, she was elected to Westminster City Council in 1982 and then as an MP in 1987. She would be re-elected in the 1992, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2017 and 2019 general elections. She has faced disproportionate sexism and racism as a public figure, individually receiving almost half of all abuse directed at women MPs in the 2017 election campaign.Critical of Tony Blair's New Labour project which pushed the party to the centre during the 1990s, in the House of Commons Abbott voted against several Blairite policies, including the launching of the Iraq War and the proposed introduction of ID cards. She stood for Labour Party leader on a leftist platform in 2010, although lost to Ed Miliband, who appointed her Shadow Minister for Public Health.\nAbbott supported Jeremy Corbyn's bid to become Labour leader in 2015. After he succeeded, she became Shadow Secretary of State for International Development, then Shadow Health Secretary, and eventually Shadow Home Secretary. As a key Corbyn ally, she supported his leftward push in the party. She unsuccessfully attempted to be the Labour candidate for the 2016 London mayoral election, and backed the unsuccessful Britain Stronger in Europe campaign to retain UK membership of the European Union.\n\n", "Q69054": "Arno Lustiger (May 7, 1924 \u2013 May 15, 2012) was a German historian and author of Jewish origin. Lustiger made significant contributions to research and document the history of Jewish resistance under Nazi rule.\nHe was the father of the author Gila Lustiger and cousin to Jean-Marie Lustiger, archbishop of Paris.", "Q4163158": "Robley Cook Williams (October 13, 1908 \u2013 January 3, 1995) was an early biophysicist and virologist. He served as the first President of the Biophysical Society.", "Q372436": "A statesman or stateswoman is usually a politician, diplomat or other notable public figure who has had a long and respected career at the national or international level.\nStatesman or Statesmen may also refer to:", "Q21451646": "Henry William Burgess (London, c. 1792\u20131839) was a British artist known particularly for his drawings of trees and landscapes. His medium was graphite and watercolour.\nHe was part of the a well-known dynasty of painters who flourished in the 18th and 19th centuries. His father was the portrait-painter William Burgess (1749\u20131812), and his grandfather was Thomas Burgess (fl. 1766\u20131786). His brothers were the painters John Cart Burgess and Thomas Burgess. His son John-Bagnold Burgess (1830\u20131897) also became a successful painter.\nBased in Chelsea like the rest of his family, between 1809 and 1839 Burgess exhibited many works at the Royal Academy, the Suffolk Street Gallery, and the New Water-Colour Society in London.He became landscape painter to William IV of England in 1826. At least one of his drawings is still in the Royal Collection, Windsor Castle, a distant view, with deer and horse and cart. He was also drawing master at Charterhouse School.In 1827 the book Eidodendron was published (J. Dickinson, London, 1827), a collection of sepia-printed lithographs on chine applique, realized by the lithographer Charles Joseph Hullmandel (1789\u20131850) after H.W. Burgess's drawings. The subtitle is: Views of the general Character and Appearance of Trees Foreign & Indigenous as connected with picturesque Scenery. It is a set of pastoral landscapes, each featuring different species of large trees. Rural folk going about their routines provide a sense of scale.\n\nBurgess and Hullmandel were among the earliest practitioners of lithography in England, which in this series replicates the tonal variations of a sepia ink wash drawing very effectively. Burgess's attention to the qualities of light exhibited in these prints links him to his contemporaries John Constable and J. M. W. Turner.\nHenry William Burgess died in London on 8 May 1839, aged about 47.\nHis drawings are held today by major galleries such as The Met, the Royal Collection, the Victoria and Albert Museum (an entire book of his pencil drawings bound in volume, c. 1832). The British Museum has a lithograph of his portrait as a young man, seated to right in armchair, holding portfolio and pencil, with facsimile signature, after a vignette by Sir William Charles Ross.", "Q105612": "Wilhelm Emanuel S\u00fcskind (10 June 1901, Weilheim - 17 April 1970, Tutzing) was a German writer, journalist and translator.\nS\u00fcskind was editorial journalist for politics with S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung. Along with his own works he translated books into German, e.g. works of Tania Blixen or Herman Melville.\nWilhelm Emanuel S\u00fcskind is the father of author Patrick S\u00fcskind (Perfume) and was a school day friend of Erika and Klaus Mann.", "Q664909": "David Porter (born November 21, 1941) is an American record producer, songwriter, singer, entrepreneur and philanthropist.Porter was a 2005 inductee into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, with catalog sales exceeding 300 million units. In 2015, Rolling Stone listed him among the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time. He is best known for songwriting, having written Sam & Dave's \"Soul Man\" (1968 Grammy winner), Mariah Carey's \"Dreamlover\" (1993 Grammy winner), Will Smith's \"Gettin' Jiggy wit It\" (1999 Grammy winner), and Sam & Dave's \"Hold On, I'm Comin'\".He is also the founder of the Memphis-based Consortium MMT, a nonprofit organization seeking to develop the music industry in Memphis.Porter has over 1700 songwriter and composer credits for a range of artists, including Aretha Franklin, James Brown, Celine Dion, Otis Redding, Drake, ZZ Top, Tom Jones, Ted Nugent, Bonnie Raitt, Wu-Tang Clan, Eminem, Patsy Cline, Albert King and Eurythmics.\n\n", "Q61408": "Walter Kempowski (April 29, 1929 \u2013 October 5, 2007) was a German writer. Kempowski was known for his series of novels called German Chronicle (\"Deutsche Chronik\") and the monumental Echolot (\"Sonar\"), a collage of autobiographical reports, letters and other documents by contemporary witnesses of the Second World War.\n\n", "Q504923": "Andrew M. Greeley (February 5, 1928 \u2013 May 29, 2013) was an American Roman Catholic priest, sociologist, journalist and popular novelist.\nGreeley was a professor of sociology at the University of Arizona and the University of Chicago, and a research associate with the National Opinion Research Center (NORC). For many years, he wrote a weekly column for the Chicago Sun-Times and contributed regularly to The New York Times, the National Catholic Reporter, America, and Commonweal.", "Q169904": "Shawn Maurice Mims (born March 22, 1981), known mononymously as Mims (backronym for Music Is My Savior), is an American rapper, songwriter and record executive from Washington Heights, New York City. He is perhaps best known for his commercial debut single \"This Is Why I'm Hot\", which peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. Following the release of his hit single, Mims' debut album, Music Is My Savior, was released in March 2007.", "Q298945": "Lothair II (835 \u2013 August 8, 869) was the king of Lotharingia from 855 until his death. He was the second son of Emperor Lothair I and Ermengarde of Tours. He was married to Teutberga (died 875), daughter of Boso the Elder.", "Q109028": "Rainer Penkert (23 June 1921 \u2013 11 April 2012, in Munich), was a German actor.", "Q157632": "Prince Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly (German: F\u00fcrst Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly; 27 December [O.S. 16 December] 1761 \u2013 26 May [O.S. 14 May] 1818) was a Baltic German field marshal and Minister of War of the Russian Empire during Napoleon's invasion in 1812 and the War of the Sixth Coalition. Barclay implemented a number of reforms during this time that improved supply system in the army, doubled the number of army troops, and implemented new combat training principles. He was also the Governor-General of Finland.\nHe was born into a German-speaking noble family from Livonia who were members of the Scottish Clan Barclay. His father was the first of his family to be accepted into the Russian nobility. Barclay joined the Imperial Russian Army at a young age in 1776, enlisting in the Pskov Carabineer Regiment. For his role in the capture of Ochakov in 1788 from the Ottomans, he was personally decorated by Grigory Potemkin. Afterwards he participated in Catherine the Great's Swedish War. In 1794, he took part in putting down the Ko\u015bciuszko Uprising in Poland and was again decorated for role in the capture of Vilnius.\nIn 1806, Barclay began commanding in the Napoleonic Wars, distinguishing himself at the Battle of Pu\u0142tusk that same year. He was wounded at the Battle of Eylau in 1807 while his troops were covering the retreat of the Russian army. Because of his wounds, he was forced to leave command. The following year, he carried out successful operations in the Finnish War against Sweden. Barclay led a large number of Russian troops approximately 100km across the frozen Gulf of Bothnia in winter during a snowstorm. For his accomplishments, Barclay de Tolly was appointed Governor-General of the Grand Duchy of Finland. From 20 January 1810 to September 1812 he was the Minister of War of the Russian Empire.\nWhen the French invasion of Russia began in 1812, Barclay de Tolly was commander of the 1st Army of the West, the largest Army to face Napoleon. Barclay was appointed Commander-in-Chief and initiated a scorched earth policy from the beginning of the campaign, though this made him unpopular among Russians. After the Battle of Smolensk failed to halt the French and discontent among Russians continued to grow, Alexander I appointed Mikhail Kutuzov as Commander-in-Chief, though Barclay remained in charge of the 1st Army. However, Kutuzov continued the same scorched earth retreat up to Moscow where the Battle of Borodino took place nearby. Barclay commanded the right wing and center of the Russian army for the battle. After Napoleon's retreat, the eventual success of Barclay's tactics made him a hero among Russians. He became Commander-in-Chief once again in 1813 after the death of Kutuzov and led the taking of Paris, for which he was made a Field Marshal. His health later declined and he died on a visit to Germany in 1818.", "Q458084": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Ries (born 14 May 1959) is a Belgian politician and Member of the European Parliament for the French Community of Belgium with the MR/MCC/PRL, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.\n\n", "Q357846": "Norman Joseph Woodland (September 6, 1921 \u2013 December 9, 2012) was an American inventor, best known as one of the inventors of the barcode, for which he received a patent in October 1952. Later, employed by IBM, he developed the format which became the ubiquitous Universal Product Code (UPC) of product labeling and check-out stands.", "Q299483": "James Oliver Cromwell (born January 27, 1940) is an American actor. Some of his more notable films include Babe (1995), Star Trek: First Contact (1996), L.A. Confidential (1997), The Green Mile (1999), Space Cowboys (2000), The Sum of All Fears (2002), I, Robot (2004), The Longest Yard (2005), The Queen (2006), Spider-Man 3 (2007), W. (2008), Secretariat (2010), The Artist (2011), Big Hero 6 (2014), Marshall (2017), and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) as well as the television series Angels in America (2003), Six Feet Under (2003\u20132005), American Horror Story: Asylum (2012\u20132013), Boardwalk Empire (2012\u20132013), Halt and Catch Fire (2015), The Young Pope (2016), Succession (2018\u20132019), and Counterpart (2018\u20132019).\nCromwell has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Babe (1995). He won a Primetime Emmy Award for his role in American Horror Story: Asylum (2012) and a Canadian Screen Award for his role in Still Mine (2013).", "Q193116": "Khaled Hosseini (Persian: \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200e [\u02c8x\u0252led ho\u02c8sejni]; ; born c. 4 March 1965) is an American novelist and physician. After graduating from college, he worked as a doctor in California, a predicament that he likened to \"an arranged marriage.\" He has published three novels, most notably his 2003 debut The Kite Runner, all of which are at least partially set in Afghanistan and feature an Afghan as the protagonist. Following the success of The Kite Runner he retired from medicine to write full-time.\nHosseini was born in Kabul, Afghanistan. His father worked as a diplomat, and when Hosseini was 11 years old, the family moved to France; four years later, they applied for asylum in the United States, where he later became a citizen. Hosseini did not return to Afghanistan until 2001 at the age of 36, where he \"felt like a tourist in [his] own country\". In interviews about the experience, he admitted to sometimes feeling survivor's guilt for having been able to leave the country before the Soviet invasion and subsequent wars.\nAll three of his novels became bestsellers: The Kite Runner (2003) spent 101 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list, four of them at number one. A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007) was a Times Best Seller for 103 weeks, 15 at number one. And the Mountains Echoed (2013) debuted near the top of the Times list and remained on it for 33 weeks until January 2014.", "Q1531551": "Klaudia Schifferle (born September 27, 1955) is a Swiss painter and musician. Schifferle is a previous member of the all women punk group Kleenex.", "Q319297": "Joe Lynn Turner (born Joseph Arthur Mark Linquito, August 2, 1951) is an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, and producer. He is known for his work in the hard rock bands Rainbow, Yngwie J. Malmsteen and Deep Purple. During his career, Turner fronted and played guitar with pop rock band Fandango in the late 1970s; and in the early 1980s, he became a member of Rainbow, fronting the band and writing songs with guitarist, Ritchie Blackmore and bassist, and producer, Roger Glover. After Rainbow had disbanded (the first time) in March 1984, he pursued a solo career, released one album, Rescue You, and then later did session work, singing background vocals for the likes of Billy Joel, Cher, and Michael Bolton. On the advice of Bolton, Turner began recording jingles for radio and television. Other songs he had composed or through collaboration with songwriters like Desmond Child and Jack Ponti were being recorded and released by international recording artists Jimmy Barnes, Lee Aaron, and Bonfire. Turner had a short-lived association with neoclassical metal guitarist Yngwie Malmsteen and then Deep Purple. From the mid-1990s, he resumed his solo career, releasing an additional nine studio and two live recordings. Turner did other session work, appearing as lead vocalist on tribute albums and working on projects involving various musical groups including progressive rock band Mother's Army; Bulgarian hard rock band Brazen Abbot; funk rock duo Hughes Turner Project; and classic rock/ progressive rock band Rated X. In 2006, Frontiers Records approached Turner to become involved with the AOR side project Sunstorm. By 2016, four albums under the Sunstorm name had been released. That same year, Turner released The Sessions via Cleopatra Records featuring a veritable who's who of classic rock royalty as guest musicians, before resuming his seemingly constant touring schedule back in Europe.", "Q336274": "Rachael Heyhoe Flint, Baroness Heyhoe Flint, (n\u00e9e Heyhoe; 11 June 1939 \u2013 18 January 2017) was an English cricketer, businesswoman and philanthropist. She was best known for being captain of England from 1966 to 1978, and was unbeaten in six Test series: in total, she played for the English women's cricket team from 1960 to 1982. Heyhoe Flint was captain when her team won the inaugural 1973 Women's Cricket World Cup, which England hosted. She was also the first female cricketer to hit a six in a Test match, and one of the first ten women to become a member of the MCC.\nShe also played as goalkeeper for the England national field hockey team in 1964.\nAccording to Scyld Berry: \"She was, among other achievements, the Dr WG Grace of women's cricket \u2013 the pioneer without whom the game would not be what it is.\"", "Q1415395": "The film industry or motion picture industry, comprises the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking, i.e., film production companies, film studios, cinematography, animation, film production, screenwriting, pre-production, post production, film festivals, distribution and actors, film directors and other film crew personnel. Though the expense involved in making films almost immediately led film production to concentrate under the auspices of standing production companies, advances in affordable film making equipment, and expansion of opportunities to acquire investment capital from outside the film industry itself, have allowed independent film production to evolve.\nIn 2018, the global box office was worth $41.7 billion. When including box office and home entertainment revenue, the global film industry was worth $136 billion in 2018. Hollywood is the world's oldest national film industry, and remains the largest in terms of box office gross revenue. Indian cinema is the largest national film industry in terms of the number of films produced and the number of tickets sold, with 3.5 billion tickets sold worldwide annually (compared to Hollywood's 2.6 billion tickets sold annually) and 1,813 feature films produced annually.", "Q376888": "Sir Isaac Shoenberg (1 March 1880 \u2013 25 January 1963) was an electronic engineer born in Russia who was best known for his role in history of television.\nShoenberg was born in Pinsk, Imperial Russia (now Belarus) and studied mathematics, mechanical engineering, and electricity in St. Petersburg.\nIn 1905 Shoenberg was employed to design and install the earliest wireless stations in Russia. However, in 1914, Shoenberg decided to emigrate to London and join the Marconi Wireless and Telegraph Company.\nShoenberg was later general manager of the Columbia Graphophone Company. He remained with the company through the merger that became EMI in the early 1930s making significant contributions to the development of television. He was Alan Blumlein's supervisor at the central research labs at Hayes during the time Blumlein invented stereo recording.\nShoenberg was knighted in 1962.\nWith his wife Esther, Shoenberg was the father of British physicist David Shoenberg, gynaecologist Rosalie Shoenberg Taylor, psychiatrist Elisabeth Shoenberg, Mark Shoenberg and Alec Shoenberg.", "Q171193": "Lockout (also known as MS One: Maximum Security) is a 2012 French science fiction action film directed by James Mather and Stephen Saint Leger, and written by Mather, Saint Leger, and Luc Besson. It is both Mather and Saint Leger's feature directorial debuts. The film stars Guy Pearce, Maggie Grace, Vincent Regan, Joseph Gilgun, Lennie James, and Peter Stormare. The plot follows Snow (Pearce), a man framed for a crime he did not commit, who is offered his freedom in exchange for rescuing the President's daughter Emilie (Grace) from the orbital prison MS One, which has been taken over by its inmates, led by Alex (Regan) and his psychotic brother Hydell (Gilgun).\nPrincipal photography took place in Belgrade, Serbia. It premiered on 7 April 2012 at the Brussels International Festival of Fantasy Film, and was released on 13 April 2012 in North America and on 18 April 2012 in France.\nA French court has ruled the film plagiarises the plot of the cult classic Escape from New York and its sequel, Escape from L.A..", "Q1687883": "Jerry Wallace (December 15, 1928 \u2013 May 5, 2008) was an American country and pop singer. Between 1958 and 1964, Wallace charted nine hits on the Billboard Hot 100, including the No. 8 \"Primrose Lane\" that was later used as the theme song for the television series The Smith Family. He made his debut on the country music charts in 1965, entering it thirty-five times between then and 1980. In that timespan, Wallace charted within the country Top Ten four times. His only number one song was \"If You Leave Me Tonight I'll Cry,\" a song which gained popularity after it was used in an episode of the 1970s TV series Night Gallery.Jerry Wallace\u2019s long time Manager was Ron Blackwood.", "Q436985": "Frank Collins Emerson (May 26, 1882 \u2013 February 18, 1931) was the 15th Governor of the US state of Wyoming from January 3, 1927 until his death on February 18, 1931.\nBorn in Saginaw, Michigan, he earned a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1904.\nEmerson was the Wyoming State Engineer from 1919 until his election as governor. In the 1926 election for Governor, he defeated Nellie Tayloe Ross, the first woman governor in the United States. He died only six weeks into his second term at the age of 48.", "Q329354": "Blaumilch Canal (international release title: The Big Dig) is a 1969 Israeli comedy satire written and directed by Ephraim Kishon, depicting the madness of bureaucracy through a municipality\u2019s reaction to the actions of a lunatic.", "Q787338": "James Thomas Ramey (August 17, 1944 \u2013 October 28, 1970), better known as Baby Huey, was an American rock and soul singer. He was the frontman for the band Baby Huey & the Babysitters, whose sole LP for Curtom Records in 1971 was influential in the development of hip hop music.", "Q2546289": "Plainpalais is a neighbourhood in Geneva, Switzerland, and a former municipality of the Canton of Geneva.\nIt is mentioned in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein in chapter 6, volume 1.\nArgentine author Jorge Luis Borges' ashes are buried in the cemetery of Plainpalais.\nThe Plaine de Plainpalais is a large public square (78 135 square metres).", "Q62115": "Erich Bernhard Gustav Weinert (4 August 1890 in Magdeburg \u2013 20 April 1953 in Berlin) was a German Communist writer and a member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).", "Q1500798": "Kamalesh Maitra (28 April 1928 \u2013 22 April 2005), often referred to by the title Pandit, was an Indian classical musician, composer and teacher. He is recognised as the last master of the tabla tarang \u2013 a melodic percussion instrument consisting of numerous individually tuned hand drums, set in a semicircle. Maitra grew up in Calcutta and played the tabla until joining Uday Shankar's ballet company in 1950 and taking up the tabla tarang. He became the company's musical director and toured internationally with the troupe through to the mid 1970s.\nAlong with Alla Rakha, Shivkumar Sharma, Hariprasad Chaurasia and others, Maitra was among the musicians that Ravi Shankar selected for his Music Festival from India revue in 1974. He then accompanied Shankar on ex-Beatle George Harrison's North American tour that year \u2013 a venture that led to him performing with American jazz musicians Emil Richards and Tom Scott. Maitra settled in Berlin in 1977, where he performed and worked as a music teacher. In 1980, he formed the Ragatala Ensemble, an orchestra that fused elements of Indian and European classical music with jazz and other Western genres. Among his recordings, Tabla Tarang \u2013 Melody on Drums (1996) has received critical acclaim, one reviewer describing it as a \"milestone\" in world music. Maitra developed strong cultural ties with Berlin and continued to live and work in Germany until his death in 2005.", "Q111673": "Reinhold Ernst Friedrich Karl Solger (5 July 1817 in Stettin \u2013 11 January 1866 in Washington, D. C.) was an American historian, novelist, poet, political activist and lecturer. He was educated in Europe and emigrated to the United States where he was a noted lecturer in history and other scholarly topics.", "Q535532": "Angiolo Mazzoni (May 21, 1894 \u2013 September 28, 1979) was a state architect and engineer of the Italian Fascist government of the 1920s and 1930s.\nMazzoni designed hundreds of public buildings, post offices and train stations during the Interwar period in Italy.\n\n", "Q75469": "R\u00fcdiger Dorn (born 1969) is a German-style board game designer.", "Q1277039": "Louis Burton Lindley Jr. (June 29, 1919 \u2013 December 8, 1983), better known by his stage name Slim Pickens, was an American rodeo performer and film and television actor. For much of his career Pickens played mainly cowboy roles; he is perhaps best remembered today for his comic roles in Dr. Strangelove, Blazing Saddles and 1941.\n\n", "Q170299": "Pope Boniface V (Latin: Bonifatius V; died 25 October 625) was the bishop of Rome from 23 December 619 to his death. He did much for the Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England, and enacted the decree by which churches became places of sanctuary.", "Q370235": "Graham Bruce Hancock (; born 2 August 1950) is a British writer and journalist. He is known for his pseudoscientific theories involving ancient civilisations, Earth changes, stone monuments or megaliths, altered states of consciousness, ancient myths, and astronomical or astrological data from the past.\nHancock's works propose a connection with a 'mother culture' from which he believes other ancient civilisations sprang. An example of pseudoarchaeology, his work has neither been peer reviewed nor published in academic journals.", "Q232774": "Transformers: Dark of the Moon is a 2011 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay, and it is based on the Transformers toy line. It is the third installment in the live-action Transformers film series, and is the sequel to 2009's Revenge of the Fallen. It is also the first film in the series that was not co-produced by DreamWorks, leaving Paramount Pictures as the sole distributor. The film stars Shia LaBeouf, Josh Duhamel, John Turturro, Tyrese Gibson, Rosie Huntington-Whiteley, Patrick Dempsey, Kevin Dunn, Julie White, John Malkovich, and Frances McDormand. Set three years after Revenge of the Fallen, this follows the warring Autobots and Decepticons' last days of the war as they battle to possess powerful technology from their homeworld crashed on Earth's Moon to restore their home. Returning Transformers include Optimus Prime, Bumblebee, Ironhide, Ratchet, Sideswipe, Wheelie, Megatron, Starscream, Soundwave, and Barricade.\nThe script was written by Ehren Kruger. Dark of the Moon employed both regular 35mm film cameras and specially-developed 3-D cameras, with filming locations in Chicago, Florida, Indiana, Milwaukee, Moscow, and Washington, D.C.. The film was rendered specifically for 3-D, and the visual effects involved more complex robots which took longer to render. In May 2011, it was announced that Paramount would move Dark of the Moon's release date of July 1 to June 29, in order to monitor an early response to footage.\nExclusive early premieres in both select 3D and IMAX theaters took place on June 28, 2011, one night before worldwide release in 2D and 3D (including IMAX 3D) formats\u2014each featuring Dolby Surround 7.1 sound. Metacritic characterized the reviews as \"mixed or average\", and the Rotten Tomatoes critical consensus praised the special effects, action scenes, scores, 3D work, and the performances of Peter Cullen and Leonard Nimoy while criticizing the runtime, storyline, performances, and screenplay. Dark of the Moon grossed over $1.1 billion worldwide, and it is the 27th highest-grossing film of all time (the 5th-highest at the time of release), the second-highest-grossing film of 2011, the highest-grossing film in the Transformers series, and the tenth film to gross over $1 billion. Like the first film, it was nominated for Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects at the 84th Academy Awards. It was followed by Transformers: Age of Extinction in 2014.\n\n", "Q319283": "Charles Edward Haden (August 6, 1937 \u2013 July 11, 2014) was an American jazz double bass player, bandleader, composer and educator whose career spanned more than fifty years. In the late 1950s, Haden was an original member of the ground-breaking Ornette Coleman Quartet.\nHaden revolutionized the harmonic concept of bass playing in jazz. German musicologist Joachim-Ernst Berendt wrote that Haden's \"ability to create serendipitous harmonies by improvising melodic responses to Coleman's free-form solos (rather than sticking to predetermined harmonies) was both radical and mesmerizing. His virtuosity lies\u2026in an incredible ability to make the double bass 'sound out'. Haden cultivated the instrument's gravity as no one else in jazz. He is a master of simplicity which is one of the most difficult things to achieve.\" Haden played a vital role in this revolutionary new approach, evolving a way of playing that sometimes complemented the soloist and sometimes moved independently. In this respect, as did his predecessor bassists Jimmy Blanton and Charles Mingus, Haden helped liberate the bassist from a strictly accompanying role to becoming a more direct participant in group improvisation. In 1969, he formed his first band, the Liberation Music Orchestra, featuring arrangements by pianist Carla Bley. In the late 1960s, he became a member of pianist Keith Jarrett's trio, quartet and quintet. In the 1980s, he formed his band, Quartet West. Haden also often recorded and performed in a duo setting, with musicians including guitarist Pat Metheny and pianist Hank Jones.", "Q64564": "Daniel Domscheit-Berg (n\u00e9 Berg; born 1978), previously known under the pseudonym Daniel Schmitt, is a German technology activist. He is best known as the author of Inside WikiLeaks: My Time with Julian Assange at the World's Most Dangerous Website (2011).After leaving WikiLeaks, he announced plans in January 2011 to open a new website for anonymous online leaks called OpenLeaks. At a Chaos Computer Club (CCC) event in August 2011, he announced its preliminary launch and invited hackers to test the security of the OpenLeaks system, as a result of which the CCC criticized him for exploiting the good name of the club to promote his OpenLeaks project and expelled him from their club, despite his lack of membership. This decision was revoked in February 2012. In September 2011, several news organizations cited Domscheit-Berg's split from Julian Assange and WikiLeaks as one of a series of events and errors that led to the release that month of all 251,287 United States diplomatic cables in the Cablegate affair. In 2011, he was named by Foreign Policy magazine in its FP Top 100 Global Thinkers, with Sami Ben Gharbia and Alexey Navalny.", "Q842333": "Western philosophy refers to the philosophical thought and work of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with Greek philosophy of the pre-Socratics such as Thales (c. 624 \u2013 c. 546 BC) and Pythagoras (c. 570 \u2013 c. 495 BC), and eventually covering a large area of the globe. The word philosophy itself originated from the Ancient Greek philosoph\u00eda (\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1), literally, \"the love of wisdom\" (\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd phile\u00een, \"to love\" and \u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 soph\u00eda, \"wisdom\").\nThe scope of philosophy in the ancient understanding, and the writings of (at least some of) the ancient philosophers, were all intellectual endeavors. This included the problems of philosophy as they are understood today; but it also included many other disciplines, such as pure mathematics and natural sciences such as physics, astronomy, and biology (Aristotle, for example, wrote on all of these topics).", "Q3882219": "Assassination is the murder of a prominent person, usually for political, religious, or monetary reasons.An assassination may be prompted by religious, political or military motives. It is an act that may be done for financial gain, to avenge a grievance, from a desire to acquire fame or notoriety, or because of a military, security, insurgent or secret police group's command to carry out the homicide. Acts of assassination have been performed since ancient times.", "Q461611": "Amelia Sarah Levetus (1853\u20131938) was a British-Austrian art historian, journalist, educator and feminist. After moving to Austria in 1891, she became the first woman to lecture at the University of Vienna when in February 1897 she gave two public lectures on Britain's cooperative movement. Soon afterwards she concentrated on the history of art, especially modern art. In 1898 she founded a school in Vienna, based on those in England, with a focus on art and the English language. In addition to her contributions to art journals, she published a number of books on Austrian art.", "Q32722": "Christopher Patrick Gibson (born May 13, 1964) is an American politician, former officer in the United States Army and member of the Republican Party who served as the U.S. Representative for New York's 20th congressional district from 2011 to 2013 and for New York's 19th congressional district from 2013 to 2017.\nA lifelong resident of Kinderhook, New York, Gibson joined the United States Army in 1986 after graduating from Siena College. He served tours in the First Gulf War, Kosovo, and Iraq, rising to the rank of colonel. He later taught American politics at West Point and was a national security affairs fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. He has received four Bronze Stars and a Purple Heart, among other awards while in the military. He also holds a Ph.D in government from Cornell University. In 2008, he published his first book, Securing the State, which offered his overview on national security decision-making.\nHe retired from the United States Army in 2010 to run for Congress, defeating Democratic incumbent Scott Murphy with 55% of the vote. He was re-elected in 2012 and 2014. In January 2015, Gibson, a supporter of term limits, announced that he would not seek re-election in 2016. Originally seen as a possible candidate for Governor in 2018, Gibson announced he would not run. He is currently the Stanley Kaplan Distinguished Visiting Professor of American Foreign Policy at Williams College, a post he has held since February 2017.On February 14, 2020, Siena College announced Gibson to be their 12th President. Gibson is the first lay man to be President of Siena College. He will take office July 1, and has a 5 year contract.\n\n", "Q329340": "Nanga Parbat is a 2010 German motion picture mountaineering movie about two brothers, Reinhold and G\u00fcnther Messner, who climbed Nanga Parbat.", "Q433631": "Florence Gill (born 27 July 1877 \u2013 19 February 1965) was an English-American actress and voice actress. In Walt Disney's animated films, Gill made a specialty for twenty years of playing hens, including Clara Cluck, The Wise Little Hen and other assorted fowl. She also played Clara Cluck on the 1938 radio show The Mickey Mouse Theater of the Air.\nIn addition to her animation work, she also appeared in live-action films. She performed her musical hen impersonation in front of a radio microphone in two 1935 musical comedies, Every Night at Eight And Here Comes the Band.\nHer interment was located at Chapel of the Pines Crematory in Los Angeles, California.", "Q1158704": "Kenji Suzuki (\u9234\u6728\u5065\u4e8c, Suzuki Kenji, born 16 January 1950), better known as Damo Suzuki (\u30c0\u30e2\u9234\u6728), is a Japanese musician who has been living in Germany since the early 1970s and is best known as the former lead singer of the German krautrock group Can.", "Q690122": "Pulkovo Airport (Russian: \u0410\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u041f\u0443\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e, IPA: [\u02c8pulk\u0259v\u0259]) (IATA: LED, ICAO: ULLI) is an international airport serving St. Petersburg, Russia. It consists of one terminal, Terminal 1 which is located 23 km (14 mi) south of the city centre. The airport serves as a hub for Aeroflot and as focus city for Smartavia. Pulkovo International Airport is responsible for serving the citizens of Saint Petersburg, as well as the Leningrad Oblast: a total of 6,120,000 people.\n\n", "Q3166093": "Jean-G\u00e9rard Fleury (24 November 1905 \u2013 2 June 2002) was a French businessman, aviator, journalist and writer.\n\n", "Q218837": "The Supremes were an American female singing group and a premier act of Motown Records during the 1960s. Founded as The Primettes in Detroit, Michigan, in 1959, the Supremes were the most commercially successful of Motown's acts and are, to date, America's most successful vocal group with 12 number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. Most of these hits were written and produced by Motown's main songwriting and production team, Holland\u2013Dozier\u2013Holland. At their peak in the mid-1960s, the Supremes rivaled the Beatles in worldwide popularity, and it is said that their success made it possible for future African American R&B and soul musicians to find mainstream success.Florence Ballard, Mary Wilson, Diana Ross, and Betty McGlown, the original group, are all from the Brewster-Douglass public housing project in Detroit. They formed the Primettes as the sister act to the Primes (with Paul Williams and Eddie Kendricks, who went on to form the Temptations). Barbara Martin replaced McGlown in 1960, and the group signed with Motown the following year as The Supremes. Martin left the act in early 1962, and Ross, Ballard, and Wilson carried on as a trio.\nDuring the mid-1960s, the Supremes achieved mainstream success with Ross as lead singer and Holland-Dozier-Holland as its songwriting and production team. In 1967, Motown president Berry Gordy renamed the group Diana Ross & the Supremes, and replaced Ballard with Cindy Birdsong. In 1970, Ross left to pursue a solo career and was replaced by Jean Terrell and the group reverted to being The Supremes again. During the mid-1970s, the lineup changed with Lynda Laurence, Scherrie Payne and Susaye Greene joining until, after 18 years, the group disbanded in 1977.", "Q41914": "Manmohan Singh (Punjabi: [m\u0259n\u02c8mo\u02d0\u0266\u0259n \u02c8s\u026a\u0301\u014b\u0261] (listen); born 26 September 1932) is an Indian economist, academic, and politician who served as the 13th Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014. The first Sikh in office, Singh was also the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term.\nBorn in Gah (now in Punjab, Pakistan), Singh's family migrated to India during its partition in 1947. After obtaining his doctorate in economics from Oxford, Singh worked for the United Nations during 1966\u201369. He subsequently began his bureaucratic career when Lalit Narayan Mishra hired him as an advisor in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. During the 1970s and 1980s, Singh held several key posts in the Government of India, such as Chief Economic Advisor (1972\u201376), governor of the Reserve Bank (1982\u201385) and head of the Planning Commission (1985\u201387).\nIn 1991, as India faced a severe economic crisis, newly elected Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao surprisingly inducted the apolitical Singh into his cabinet as Finance Minister. Over the next few years, despite strong opposition, he as a Finance Minister carried out several structural reforms that liberalised India's economy. Although these measures proved successful in averting the crisis, and enhanced Singh's reputation globally as a leading reform-minded economist, the incumbent Congress party fared poorly in the 1996 general election. Subsequently, Singh served as Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of the Parliament of India) during the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government of 1998\u20132004.\nIn 2004, when the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) came to power, its chairperson Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly relinquished the premiership to Manmohan Singh. Singh's first ministry executed several key legislations and projects, including the Rural Health Mission, Unique Identification Authority, Rural Employment Guarantee scheme and Right to Information Act. In 2008, opposition to a historic civil nuclear agreement with the United States nearly caused Singh's government to fall after Left Front parties withdrew their support. Although India's economy grew rapidly under UPA I, its security was threatened by several terrorist incidents (including the 2008 Mumbai attacks) and the continuing Maoist insurgency.\nThe 2009 general election saw the UPA return with an increased mandate, with Singh retaining the office of Prime Minister. Over the next few years, Singh's second ministry government faced a number of corruption charges\u2014over the organisation of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, the 2G spectrum allocation case and the allocation of coal blocks. After his term ended in 2014 he opted out from the race for the office of the Prime Minister of India during the 2014 Indian general election. Singh was never a member of the Lok Sabha but served as a member of the Parliament of India, representing the state of Assam in the Rajya Sabha for five terms from 1991 to 2019. In August 2019, Singh filed his nomination as a Congress candidate to the Rajya Sabha from Rajasthan after the death of sitting MP Madan Lal Saini.", "Q188244": "Deon Godfrey Meyer is a South African thriller novelist, writing in Afrikaans. His books have been translated into more than 20 languages. He has also written numerous scripts for television and film.", "Q578432": "Ian Murray (born 10 August 1976) is a British Labour Party politician serving as Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland since April 2020 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Edinburgh South since the 2010 general election.He served as an Edinburgh City Councillor for Liberton & Gilmerton Ward from 2003 to 2010.From 2015 to 2017 and since December 2019, Murray has been the only Labour Party MP representing a Scottish constituency in the House of Commons.", "Q708179": "Dennis Lyxz\u00e9n (born June 19, 1972 in Ume\u00e5, Sweden) is a musician best known as the lead vocalist for Swedish hardcore punk band Refused. He is currently the vocalist in INVSN and Fake Names.", "Q980714": "Edir Macedo Bezerra (born February 18, 1945) is a Brazilian evangelical bishop, writer, billionaire businessman, and the founder of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG). He is the owner and chairman of the second-largest television network in Brazil, RecordTV, since 1989 with the Grupo Record, which he founded after he bought the network.", "Q7592174": "St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, (informally Xavier's) is a college affiliated with the University of Mumbai offering undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in Arts, Science, Commerce and Management. Xavier's was the first college to be granted autonomy by the University of Mumbai in 2010. In 2006, St. Xavier's was awarded the highest 'A+' grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC).The college is named after Francis Xavier, the 16th-century Spanish Jesuit saint. Its campus in South Mumbai is built in the Indo-Gothic style of architecture, and recognized as a heritage structure. Founded by German Jesuits in 1869, Xavier's developed rapidly from 1884 to 1914. The imprisonment of German Jesuit priests during the First World War (1914\u20131918) led to a dislocation of the administration, which was mitigated by the appointment of other European Jesuits. While it began as an arts college, by the 1920s science departments were established. The college was greatly expanded in the 1930s.\nThe college is now run by Indian Jesuits, with a distinct focus on affirmative action for minority students. It offers undergraduate and post-graduate courses in Arts, Science, Business, Commerce or Public Policy. It has spawned several research institutions within its campus including the Blatter Herbarium, and is known for its inter-collegiate youth festival 'Malhar'.", "Q717059": "Blind Arvella Gray (January 28, 1906 - September 7, 1980) was an American blues, folk and gospel singer and guitarist.Gray was born James Dixon, in Somerville, Texas. He spent the latter part of his life performing and busking folk, blues and gospel music at Chicago's Maxwell Street flea market and at rapid-transit depots. In the 1960s, he recorded two singles for his own Gray label, including \"Freedom Rider\" backed with \"Freedom Bus.\"\nGray's only album, The Singing Drifter (1973), was reissued on the Conjuroo record label in 2005. The reissue was produced by Cary Baker, who wrote the liner notes for the original vinyl LP, released by Birch Records.\nGray died in Chicago, Illinois, in September 1980, at the age of 74.", "Q501697": "John Michael \"Mike\" Lounge (June 28, 1946 \u2013 March 1, 2011) was an American engineer, a United States Navy officer, a Vietnam War veteran, and a NASA astronaut. A veteran of three Space Shuttle flights, Lounge logged over 482 hours in space. He was a mission specialist on STS-51-I (1985) and STS-26 (1988) and was the flight engineer on STS-35 (1990).", "Q76606": "Carl Bosch (27 August 1874 \u2013 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical company.", "Q527888": "Andreas \"Andy\" T\u00f6fferl (24 July 1955 in Wolfsberg, Carinthia; - 5 May 2012 in Graz, Styria) was an Austrian multi-instrumentalist, actor and entertainer. From 1990 until 2001 he was a member of the Austrian band Erste Allgemeine Verunsicherung and amongst others was a colleague of Franz Zettl.", "Q246793": "Trap for Cinderella (French: Pi\u00e8ge pour Cendrillon) is a 1965 French-Italian psychological thriller film directed by Andr\u00e9 Cayatte. It is adapted from S\u00e9bastien Japrisot's novel of the same name.", "Q1626081": "Homestead Records was a Long Island, New York-based sublabel of music distributor Dutch East India Trading that operated from 1983 to 1996. The label was known for not paying its artists and not spending any money on promotion.", "Q2478367": "Wisse Dekker (26 April 1924 \u2013 25 August 2012) was a Dutch businessman. He was the CEO of Philips from 1982 to 1986. From 1988 until 1992 he was chairman of the European Round Table of Industrialists.", "Q923915": "James Stanley McCarty (born 25 July 1943) is an English musician, best known as the drummer for the Yardbirds and Renaissance. Following Chris Dreja's departure from the Yardbirds in 2013, McCarty became the only member of the band to feature in every lineup.", "Q1797448": "Connecticut College (Conn College or Conn) is a private liberal arts college located in New London, Connecticut. It is a residential, four-year undergraduate institution with nearly all of its approximately 1,815 students living on campus. The college was founded in 1911 as \"Connecticut College for Women\" in response to Wesleyan University closing its doors to women in 1909; it shortened its name to \"Connecticut College\" in 1969 when it began admitting men.\nStudents choose courses from 41 majors, including an interdisciplinary, self-designed major. U.S. News & World Report ranked the school tied for 46th among the top liberal arts colleges in 2020. The college is a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC)", "Q2311820": "T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris (also known as ENST or T\u00e9l\u00e9com or \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications or T\u00e9l\u00e9com ParisTech) is one of the top French public institutions of higher education and research (Grandes \u00c9coles) of engineering in France. Located in Palaiseau, it is also a member of the Institut Polytechnique de Paris and the Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com.\nIn 1991, T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris and the EPFL collaborated and established a school named EURECOM located in Sophia-Antipolis. Students can now be admitted in two different curriculums, located either in the Paris or the Sophia-Antipolis campus.", "Q69726": "Langenthal is a town and a municipality in the district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010 the municipality of Untersteckholz merged into the Langenthal.Langenthal is an educational, cultural, and economic center for the region of Oberaargau.", "Q912510": "The xaphoon ( zaf-OON) is a chromatic keyless single-reed woodwind instrument. It has a closed cylindrical bore and a very slightly flared bell. The xaphoon has a full chromatic range of two octaves, and overblows at the twelfth like the clarinet.", "Q465311": "Yuja Wang (Chinese: \u738b\u7fbd\u4f73; pinyin: W\u00e1ng Y\u01d4ji\u0101; born February 10, 1987) is a Chinese classical pianist. She was born in Beijing, began studying piano there at age six, and went on to study at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing and the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. By the age of 21, she was already an internationally recognized concert pianist, giving recitals around the world. She has a recording contract with Deutsche Grammophon. In an interview with the Los Angeles Times, she said: \u201cFor me, playing music is about transporting to another way of life, another way of being. An actress does that.\u201d Yuja Wang lives in New York City.", "Q364526": "Rufus Arthur Johnson (born July 5, 1976), better known by his stage name Bizarre, is an American rapper, best known for his work with the Detroit-based hip hop group D12.", "Q52968": "Erik Gustaf Bernhard Bostr\u00f6m (11 February 1842 \u2013 21 February 1907) was a Swedish landowner and politician who was a member of the Swedish Parliament (1876\u20131907) and the longest-serving Prime Minister of Sweden of the 19th century. He served twice, first from 1891 to 1900 and then again from 1902 to 1905. He was also known as E.G. Bostr\u00f6m or E. Gust. Bostr\u00f6m.\nIn 1871, he married Carolina \"Lina\" Almqvist, with whom he had six daughters and one son. Brother of County Governor Filip Bostr\u00f6m and nephew of the philosopher Christopher Jacob Bostr\u00f6m.\nBostr\u00f6m\u2019s governmental policy was marked by its pragmatism. Over time, Bostr\u00f6m gained a good reputation as being a rallying national icon despite being the first prime minister to have neither an academic education nor experience with upper governmental positions. He was also quite popular with King Oscar II. Bostr\u00f6m\u2019s eventual downfall was caused by his refusal to budge on the issue of Norway.", "Q712647": "Kurt Fuller (born September 16, 1953) is an American character actor. He has appeared in a number of television, film, and stage projects. He graduated from Lincoln High School in Stockton, California in 1971, and the University of California, Berkeley, in 1976. He is best known for his roles in Psych, No Holds Barred, Wayne's World, and Supernatural. He also has major parts in Ghostbusters II (1989) and Scary Movie (2000).", "Q126961": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Casimir Delavigne (4 April 1793 \u2013 11 December 1843) was a French poet and dramatist.", "Q619060": "Apollo 3 is a German band, consisting of three members Henry Horn (*25.June 1997), Marvin Schlatter (*25. August 1996) and Dario Flick (*5.January 1997).", "Q468635": "Frankie Avalon (born Francis Thomas Avallone; September 18, 1940) is an American actor, singer, and former teen idol. Avalon had 31 charted U.S. Billboard singles from 1958 to late 1962, including the number one hits \"Venus\" and \"Why\" in 1959.", "Q456903": "Roxie Albertha Roker (August 28, 1929 \u2013 December 2, 1995) was an American actress who portrayed Helen Willis on the CBS sitcom The Jeffersons (1975\u20131985), half of the first interracial couple to be shown on regular prime time television. She was the mother of rock musician Lenny Kravitz and the grandmother of actress Zo\u00eb Kravitz.", "Q167083": "Kenneth Claiborne Royall, Sr. (July 24, 1894 \u2013 May 25, 1971) was a United States Army general and the last person to hold the office of Secretary of War. That position was abolished in 1947, and Royall served as the first Secretary of the Army (the successor position) from 1947 to 1949.", "Q1576168": "Simon Hale is a British composer, arranger, and keyboardist.", "Q1249869": "Sir Ralph Freeman (3 February 1911 \u2013 24 August 1998) was an English civil engineer, responsible for the design of the Humber Suspension Bridge - the longest in the world until 1998. He was the son of Sir Ralph Freeman, designer of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.[1]He was educated at Uppingham School, Rutland and Worcester College, Oxford. Sir Ralph worked on bridges in South Africa and Rhodesia, where he met his wife Joan Rose, before returning to England in 1939 and joining Freeman Fox & Partners, a firm of consulting engineers (called Douglas Fox & Partners before changing its name in 1938 in honour of Sir Ralph's father, a senior partner there).\nFreeman served in the Royal Engineers during the Second World War as a Captain in the Experimental Bridging Establishment in Christchurch, Hampshire, England. He was involved in the development of a propped military suspension bridge. Freeman served in the volunteer Engineer and Railway Staff Corps, providing engineering expertise to the army, and was gazetted at the rank of Major in that corps on 6 October 1953.He then returned to Freeman Fox & Partners, eventually retiring in 1979, having worked on a variety of large projects: the M2 and M5 motorways, the Forth Road Bridge, the Severn Bridge, both Bosporus bridges, and the harbour tunnel and mass transit rail systems in Hong Kong. He served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1966-7.The pinnacle of his career was the Humber suspension bridge which, when it opened in 1981, was the longest single-span suspension bridge in the world, 1410m between its two 155m-high pylons.\nHis son, Ralph (but known as Anthony), who also took up civil engineering, died in July 1998 after an accident on the Vasco da Gama bridge in Lisbon.", "Q193664": "Pietism () is a movement within Lutheranism that combines its emphasis on biblical doctrine with the Reformed emphasis on individual piety and living a vigorous Christian life.\nAlthough the movement initially was active exclusively within Lutheranism, it had a tremendous impact on Protestantism worldwide, particularly in North America and Europe. Pietism originated in modern Germany in the late 17th century with the work of Philipp Spener, a Lutheran theologian whose emphasis on personal transformation through spiritual rebirth and renewal, individual devotion, and piety laid the foundations for the movement. Although Spener did not directly advocate the quietistic, legalistic, and semi-separatist practices of Pietism, they were more or less involved in the positions he assumed or the practices which he encouraged.\nPietism spread from Germany to Switzerland and the rest of German-speaking Europe, to Scandinavia and the Baltics (where it was heavily influential, leaving a permanent mark on the region's dominant Lutheranism, with figures like Hans Nielsen Hauge in Norway, Peter Spaak and Carl Olof Rosenius in Sweden, Katarina Asplund in Finland, and Barbara von Kr\u00fcdener in the Baltics), and to the rest of Europe. It was further taken to North America, primarily by German and Scandinavian immigrants. There, it influenced Protestants of other ethnic backgrounds, contributing to the 18th-century foundation of evangelicalism, a movement within Protestantism that today has some 300 million followers.\nIn the middle of the 19th century, Lars Levi Laestadius spearheaded a Pietist revival in Scandinavia that upheld what came to be known as Laestadian Lutheran theology, which is adhered to today by the Laestadian Lutheran Church as well as by several congregations within other mainstream Lutheran Churches, such as the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. The Eielsen Synod and Association of Free Lutheran Congregations are Pietist Lutheran bodies that emerged in the Pietist Lutheran movement in Norway, which was spearheaded by Hans Nielsen Hauge. In 1900, the Church of the Lutheran Brethren was founded and it adheres to Pietist Lutheran theology, emphasizing a personal conversion experience.Whereas Pietistic Lutherans stayed within the Lutheran tradition, adherents of a related movement known as Radical Pietism believed in separating from the established Lutheran Churches. Some of the theological tenets of Pietism also influenced other traditions of Protestantism, inspiring the Anglican priest John Wesley to begin the Methodist movement and Alexander Mack to begin the Anabaptist Brethren movement.", "Q16746854": "The Luhansk People's Republic, alternatively spelled as Lugansk People's Republic (Russian: \u041b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, tr. Luganskaya Narodnaya Respublika, IPA: [l\u028a\u02c8\u0261ansk\u0259j\u0259 n\u0250\u02c8rodn\u0259j\u0259 r\u02b2\u026a\u02c8spubl\u02b2\u026ak\u0259], Ukrainian: \u041b\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430, romanized: Luhanska Narodna Respublika), usually abbreviated as LPR or LNR, is a landlocked proto-state. It is located in Luhansk Oblast in the Donbass region, a territory internationally recognized to be a part of Ukraine. Luhansk is its capital and biggest city. The population of the republic is approximately 1.5 million people. In its constitution, LPR is proclaimed to be a democratic constitutional state. The current head of state is Leonid Pasechnik.\nLPR declared independence from Ukraine in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, along with Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and the Republic of Crimea. A still-ongoing armed conflict with Ukraine followed its declaration of independence. LPR and DPR receive humanitarian assistance from Russia. According to NATO and Ukraine, Russia had also provided military aid to the rebels, a claim that Russia denies.Ukraine's legislation describes the LPR's area as a \"temporarily occupied territory\", and the government of LPR is described as an occupying administration of the Russian Federation. LPR considers itself to be an independent state, while Russia considers the conflict to be an internal Ukrainian matter.\nLPR remains unrecognised by any UN member state, including Russia \u2013 although Russia recognises documents issued by the LPR government, such as identity documents, diplomas, birth and marriage certificates and vehicle registration plates.", "Q9687": "A traffic collision, also called a motor vehicle collision (MVC) among other terms, occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree, pole or building. Traffic collisions often result in injury, disability, death, and property damage as well as financial costs to both society and the individuals involved.\nA number of factors contribute to the risk of collisions, including vehicle design, speed of operation, road design, road environment, driving skills, impairment due to alcohol or drugs, and behavior, notably distracted driving, speeding and street racing.\nIn 2013, 54 million people worldwide sustained injuries from traffic collisions. This resulted in 1.4 million deaths in 2013, up from 1.1 million deaths in 1990. About 68,000 of these occurred in children less than five years old. Almost all high-income countries have decreasing death rates, while the majority of low-income countries have increasing death rates due to traffic collisions. Middle-income countries have the highest rate with 20 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, accounting for 80% of all road fatalities with 52% of all vehicles. While the death rate in Africa is the highest (24.1 per 100,000 inhabitants), the lowest rate is to be found in Europe (10.3 per 100,000 inhabitants).", "Q62673": "Klaus von Dohnanyi (born 23 June 1928) is a German politician (Social Democratic Party). He served as Mayor of Hamburg between 1981 and 1988.", "Q379211": "Jacob August Riis (; May 3, 1849 \u2013 May 26, 1914) was a Danish-American social reformer, \"muckraking\" journalist and social documentary photographer. He contributed significantly to the cause of urban reform in America at the turn of the twentieth century. He is known for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City; those impoverished New Yorkers were the subject of most of his prolific writings and photography. He endorsed the implementation of \"model tenements\" in New York with the help of humanitarian Lawrence Veiller. Additionally, as one of the most famous proponents of the newly practicable casual photography, he is considered one of the fathers of photography due to his very early adoption of flash in photography.\nWhile living in New York, Riis experienced poverty and became a police reporter writing about the quality of life in the slums. He attempted to alleviate the bad living conditions of poor people by exposing their living conditions to the middle and upper classes.", "Q521209": "Yuri Petrovich Shchekochikhin (Russian: \u042e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0429\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0445\u0438\u043d, IPA: [\u02c8j\u0289r\u02b2\u026aj p\u02b2\u026a\u02c8trov\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0255\u02d0\u026ak\u0250\u02c8t\u0255ix\u02b2\u026an]; 9 June 1950 in Kirovabad (now Ganja, Azerbaijan) \u2013 3 July 2003 in Moscow) was a Russian investigative journalist, writer, and liberal lawmaker in the Russian parliament. Shchekochikhin made his name writing about and campaigning against the influence of organized crime and corruption. His last non-fiction book, Slaves of the KGB, was about people who worked as KGB informers.\nAs a journalist for the newspaper Novaya Gazeta (NG), Shchekochikhin investigated apartment bombings allegedly directed by the Russian secret services and the Three Whales Corruption Scandal which involved high-ranking FSB officers and was related to money laundering through the Bank of New York.\nShchekochikhin died suddenly in July 2003 from a mysterious illness a few days before his scheduled departure to the United States, where he planned to meet with FBI investigators. His medical documents, according to NG, were either lost or destroyed by authorities. The symptoms of his illness fit a pattern of poisoning by radioactive materials and were similar to the symptoms of Nikolai Khokhlov, Roman Tsepov, and Alexander Litvinenko. According to Litvinenko and news reports, the death of Yuri Shchekochikhin was a politically motivated assassination.\n\n", "Q165864": "Rodney Allan Atkins (born March 28, 1969) is an American country music singer and songwriter. Signed to Curb Records in 1996, he charted his first single on the Billboard country chart in 1997, but did not release an album until 2003's Honesty, which included the number 4 hit \"Honesty (Write Me a List)\".\nIf You're Going Through Hell, his second album, was released in 2006. Its first two singles, \"If You're Going Through Hell (Before the Devil Even Knows)\" and \"Watching You\", each spent four weeks at the top of the country music chart, and were respectively ranked as the top country songs of 2006 and 2007 according to Billboard Year-End. The album, which has since been certified platinum in the United States, produced two more number 1 singles in \"These Are My People\" and \"Cleaning This Gun (Come On In Boy)\". It's America (2009) included the number 1 single \"It's America\" and the top 5 hit \"Farmer's Daughter\", which was added to a later reissue of the album. Take a Back Road (2011) produced his sixth number 1 in its title track, and 2019's Caught Up in the Country set a record for the longest run on the country singles charts with its title track. Atkins has received six nominations from the Academy of Country Music and two from the Country Music Association, winning Top New Male Vocalist from the former in 2006.", "Q4078236": "Alexey Viktorovich Barinov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432; born December 30, 1951 in Tashabar, Tajik SSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian businessman and politician.\nUntil 2000, he worked in the petroleum industry. In 2005, he was elected head of Nenets Autonomous Okrug. On May 24, 2006, he was arrested and on June 21 dismissed by President Vladimir Putin from his position.", "Q112434": "August Heinrich Simon (29 October 1805 \u2013 16 August 1860) was a German democratic politician.\n\n", "Q271117": "Andrea Jung (\u937e\u5f6c\u5afb, pinyin: Zh\u014dng B\u012bnxi\u00e1n, jyutping: zung1 ban1 haa4) (born 1958)\nis a Canadian-American executive, non-profit leader, and prominent women's-issues supporter. In April, 2014, she became President and CEO of Grameen America, a nonprofit microfinance organization founded by Nobel Peace Prize winner, Muhammad Yunus. Grameen is the fastest-growing microfinance organization in the United States, providing the largest number of microfinance loans to individuals and small businesses. From 1999 until 2012, she served as the first female CEO and chairman of Avon Products, Inc., a multi-level marketing company. Jung was also the first woman to serve as Chairman of the Cosmetic, Toiletry & Fragrance Association, and Chairman of the World Federation of Direct Selling Associations.\nJung received the 2010 Clinton Global Citizen Award for her leadership of Avon Foundation for Women and other public-private partnerships to end violence against women and to stem the breast cancer epidemic. Under her leadership, the Avon Foundation for Women raised and awarded nearly $1 billion to support health and empowerment causes, becoming the largest women-focused corporate philanthropy around the world.After resigning her CEO role at Avon, Jung continued as chair of Avon's board of directors through the end of 2012 and then as a senior advisor to Avon's board through April, 2014.", "Q57838": "Wu Den-yih (born 30 January 1948) is a Taiwanese politician. He graduated from National Taiwan University and worked as a journalist before beginning a career in politics with a 1973 appointment to the Taipei City Council. Wu was then elected Magistrate of Nantou County, serving from 1981 to 1989. Following two terms as magistrate, he was named Mayor of Kaohsiung in 1990. Wu remained mayor until 1998, having won the office in a 1994 direct election. He then served two full terms in the Legislative Yuan from 2002 to 2008. Shortly after winning a third term in the legislature, Wu was named Premier of the Republic of China in 2009. He served until 2012, when he and Ma Ying-jeou formed the Kuomintang (KMT) presidential ticket. Wu served one four-year term as Vice President of the Republic of China, stepping down in 2016. In May 2017, he was elected party chairman. Wu stepped down from the position in January 2020. Previously, Wu had served the KMT as secretary-general from 2007 to 2009, first vice chairman in 2014, and as acting chairman in 2014 and 2015.", "Q707504": "Brendan O'Brien (born June 30, 1960) is a record producer, mixer, engineer, and musician. He has worked with such artists as Stone Temple Pilots, The Wallflowers, Pearl Jam, Bob Dylan, Neil Young, Bruce Springsteen, AC/DC, Aerosmith, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Zucchero Fornaciari, Soundgarden, Audioslave, Rage Against the Machine, The Black Crowes, Incubus, Train, The Killers, Seether, Kansas, King's X, The Offspring, Korn, The Fray, Wolfmother, Gaslight Anthem, Mastodon, Third Day, Lifehouse, Pantera, and My Chemical Romance.His career blossomed as a young guitarist with a local Atlanta band by the name of Pranks, signed by what was then Century Artists Management. The management company had the best of Atlanta and the region in those days, including the likes of Mother's Finest, Ezra Pound and a dozen other \"super-regional\" acts. In the late 1970s, he moved on to writing, performing and recording with the band Samurai Catfish.\nHaving become a notable local engineer known to be the go-to guy to \"make a record in a few days for $1500.\" His studio career was propelled by the success of the first Black Crowes album, Shake Your Money Maker, which he engineered and performed guitar, bass, and \"a potpourri of instruments\" for. The following year he produced and mixed Stone Temple Pilots debut album Core and engineered and mixed Red Hot Chili Peppers breakthrough album Blood Sugar Sex Magik. These two records launched his career as an in-demand, multi-platinum producer, engineer and mixer. He would go on to produce and mix nearly the entire catalog of Stone Temple Pilots and Pearl Jam. Most of his productions were engineered by Nick DiDia, who he worked with throughout most of his career.\nBrendan would often engineer and record his own sessions with the help of various assistant engineers. A majority of the records that he produced and/or mixed were made at Southern Tracks Recording Studio near his home in Atlanta, GA from the late 80s until it closed.\nIn the mid 1990s, O'Brien became vice president of Epic Records and the Epic imprint 57 Records. He also played a Hammond organ for Bob Dylan's appearance on MTV Unplugged. In 1995, he joined Pearl Jam and Neil Young on keyboard for the Mirror Ball tour across Europe.In 2002, he won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Album for his work on Bruce Springsteen's The Rising. In 2009, he was awarded the Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical. To date, 14 of the albums O'Brien has produced have reached No. 1 in the U.S. on the Billboard 200 chart.In 2015 he produced Higher Truth, the final release by Chris Cornell.\nIn 2016 he produced the Italian bluesman Zucchero Fornaciari's album Black Cat.\nIn 2017 O'Brien received credits producing on track three of the EP Cold Dark Place by progressive metal band Mastodon.", "Q285928": "Lewis Milestone (born Leib Milstein; September 30, 1895 \u2013 September 25, 1980) was a Russian-born American motion picture director. He is known for directing Two Arabian Knights (1927) and All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), both of which received Academy Awards for Best Director. He also directed The Front Page (1931 \u2013 nomination), The General Died at Dawn (1936), Of Mice and Men (1939), Ocean's 11 (1960), and received the directing credit for Mutiny on the Bounty (1962), though Marlon Brando largely appropriated his responsibilities during its production.", "Q373072": "Roy Dikeman Chapin, Sr. (February 23, 1880 \u2013 February 16, 1936) was an American industrialist and cofounder of Hudson Motor Company, the predecessor of American Motors. He also served as the United States Secretary of Commerce from August 8, 1932, to March 3, 1933, during the final months of the administration of President Herbert Hoover.", "Q3437771": "Johan Henrik Andresen (born 25 July 1961) is a Norwegian industrialist and investor. Since 1998, Andresen has been the owner of Ferd, one of the largest privately held companies in Norway. He served in the position of CEO from 1998 to 2012, and has been the chairman of the board since 2012. In the magazine Kapital\u2019s list of the 400 richest Norwegians, Andresen is ranked as number five, with a net worth equaling more than USD 3.27 billion. While his father Johan H. Andresen Sr. lived, Andresen added 'Jr.' to his name, but ended this practice when his father died in 2011.", "Q1319904": "Claus Norreen (born 5 June 1970, Charlottenlund, Denmark) is a Danish musician and record producer known for being a part of the band Aqua, which sold around 33 million records. He left the band in September 2016 to take on other musical ventures, but still considers the remaining members of the band to be like family to him.", "Q104256": "Johannes Micraelius, actually Johannes L\u00fctkeschwager, (K\u00f6slin, 1 September 1597 \u2013 Stettin, 3 December 1658) was a German poet, philosopher, and historiographer.", "Q181248": "A Christmas Carol is a 1938 American film adaptation of Charles Dickens's 1843 novella of the same name, starring Reginald Owen as Ebenezer Scrooge, an elderly miser who learns the error of his ways on Christmas Eve after visitations by three spirits.", "Q1443689": "Frank Luther (born Francis Luther Crow, August 4, 1899 - November 16, 1980) was an American country music singer, dance band vocalist, playwright, songwriter and pianist.", "Q52940": "Sigismund III Vasa (Polish: Zygmunt III Waza, Swedish: Sigismund, Lithuanian: \u017dygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 \u2013 30 April 1632 \nN.S.), also known as Sigismund III of Poland, was King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and monarch of the united Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632 as well as King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 until his deposition in 1599.\nSigismund was the son of John III of Sweden and his first wife, Catherine Jagiellon of Poland. Elected to the throne of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, he sought to create a personal union between the Commonwealth and Sweden (Polish\u2013Swedish union), and succeeded for a time in 1592. After he had been deposed in 1599 from the Swedish throne by his Protestant uncle, Charles IX of Sweden, and a meeting of the Riksens st\u00e4nder, he spent much of the rest of his life attempting to reclaim it.A pious yet erratic ruler, Sigismund attempted to hold absolute power in all his dominions. Shortly after his victory over internal opposition, Sigismund took advantage of a period of civil unrest in Muscovy, known as the Time of Troubles, and invaded Russia, holding Moscow for two years (1610\u201312) and Smolensk thereafter. In 1617 the Polish\u2013Swedish conflict, which had been interrupted by an armistice in 1611, broke out again. While Sigismund's army was also fighting Ottoman forces in Moldavia (1617\u201321), King Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden invaded Sigismund's lands, capturing Riga in 1621 and seizing almost all of Polish Livonia. Sigismund, who concluded the Truce of Altmark with Sweden in 1629, never regained the Swedish crown. His Swedish wars resulted, moreover, in Poland's loss of northern Livonian territories and in a diminution of the kingdom's international prestige.Sigismund remains a highly controversial figure in Poland. One of the country's most recognizable monarchs, he transferred the capital from Krak\u00f3w to Warsaw in 1596 and his long reign coincided with the apex of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth's prestige, power and economic influence. On the other hand, it was during his reign that the symptoms of decline leading to the Commonwealth's eventual demise surfaced. Popular histories, such as the books of Pawe\u0142 Jasienica, tend to present Sigismund as the principal source of these destructive processes; whereas academic histories are usually not as damning of him. However, the question of whether the Commonwealth's decline was caused by Sigismund's decisions or had its roots in historical processes beyond his personal control remains highly debatable.\nHe was commemorated in Warsaw with Sigismund's Column, one of the city's landmarks and the first secular monument in the form of a column in modern history. It was commissioned after Sigismund's death by his son and successor, W\u0142adys\u0142aw IV.", "Q193894": "Sarcoidosis is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomas. The disease usually begins in the lungs, skin, or lymph nodes. Less commonly affected are the eyes, liver, heart, and brain. Any organ, however, can be affected. The signs and symptoms depend on the organ involved. Often, none, or only mild, symptoms are seen. When it affects the lungs, wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or chest pain may occur. Some may have L\u00f6fgren syndrome with fever, large lymph nodes, arthritis, and a rash known as erythema nodosum.The cause of sarcoidosis is unknown. Some believe it may be due to an immune reaction to a trigger such as an infection or chemicals in those who are genetically predisposed. Those with affected family members are at greater risk. Diagnosis is partly based on signs and symptoms, which may be supported by biopsy. Findings that make it likely include large lymph nodes at the root of the lung on both sides, high blood calcium with a normal parathyroid hormone level, or elevated levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the blood. The diagnosis should only be made after excluding other possible causes of similar symptoms such as tuberculosis.Sarcoidosis may resolve without any treatment within a few years. However, some people may have long-term or severe disease. Some symptoms may be improved with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen. In cases where the condition causes significant health problems, steroids such as prednisone are indicated. Medications such as methotrexate, chloroquine, or azathioprine may occasionally be used in an effort to decrease the side effects of steroids. The risk of death is 1-7%. The chance of the disease returning in someone who has had it previously is less than 5%.In 2015, pulmonary sarcoidosis and interstitial lung disease affected 1.9 million people globally and they resulted in 122,000 deaths. It is most common in Scandinavians, but occurs in all parts of the world. In the United States, risk is greater among black as opposed to white people. It usually begins between the ages of 20 and 50. It occurs more often in women than men. Sarcoidosis was first described in 1877 by the English doctor Jonathan Hutchinson as a nonpainful skin disease.", "Q1284827": "Shawn Michael Phelan (January 7, 1975 \u2013 September 27, 1998) was an American television and film actor.", "Q469503": "Alla Yaroshinskaya (born 14 February 1953 in Zhytomyr Oblast) is a Ukrainian politician and journalist. She was a member of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1991, Deputy to the Minister of Press and Information until 1993, and then Adviser to the Russian President Boris Yeltsin and member of the Russian Presidential Council. She has been a prominent campaigner for perestroika and for better aid and information following the Chernobyl disaster. She was President of the Ecological Charity Fund, and is Co-chair of the Russian Ecological Congress, Chief of the Federal Council of the all-Russian Social Democratic Movement and a member of other international committees. She is author or co-author of over 20 books and over 700 articles on freedom of speech, human rights, nuclear ecology and nuclear security.", "Q450382": "Maya Deren (April 29, 1917 \u2013 October 13, 1961), born Eleonora Derenkowska (Ukrainian: \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0430 \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430), was a Ukrainian-born American experimental filmmaker and important promoter of the avant-garde in the 1940s and 1950s. Deren was also a choreographer, dancer, film theorist, poet, lecturer, writer, and photographer.\nThe function of film, Deren believed, was to create an experience. She combined her expertise in dance and choreography, ethnography, the African spirit religion of Haitian Vodou, symbolist poetry and gestalt psychology (student of Kurt Koffka) in a series of perceptual, black-and-white short films. Using editing, multiple exposures, jump-cutting, superimposition, slow-motion, and other camera techniques to her advantage, Deren abandoned established notions of physical space and time, in carefully planned films with specific conceptual aims.Meshes of the Afternoon (1943), her collaboration with Alexander Hammid, has been one of the most influential experimental films in American cinema history. She went on to make several films of her own, including At Land (1944), A Study in Choreography for Camera (1945), and Ritual in Transfigured Time (1946), writing, producing, directing, editing, and photographing them with help from only one other person, Hella Heyman, her camerawoman.", "Q148048": "Zarqa Nawaz (born 1968 in Liverpool, England) is a Canadian freelance writer, journalist, broadcaster, and filmmaker of Pakistani origin.\n\n", "Q137844": "John Claiborne (1777 \u2013 October 9, 1808) He was a son of Thomas Claiborne (1749\u20131812) and brother of Thomas Claiborne (1780\u20131856). He was a Representative from Virginia; born in Brunswick County, Virginia, in 1777; pursued academic studies; graduated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia in 1798 and practiced; elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Ninth and Tenth Congresses and served from March 4, 1805, until his death in Brunswick County, Virginia, on October 9, 1808; interment in the family burying ground of Parson Jarratt, Dinwiddie, Virginia.", "Q544485": "Virgil Thomson (November 25, 1896 \u2013 September 30, 1989) was an American composer and critic. He was instrumental in the development of the \"American Sound\" in classical music. He has been described as a modernist, a neoromantic, a neoclassicist, and a composer of \"an Olympian blend of humanity and detachment\" whose \"expressive voice was always carefully muted\" until his late opera Lord Byron which, in contrast to all his previous work, exhibited an emotional content that rises to \"moments of real passion\".", "Q106441": "Julius Adolf Oskar von Riesenthal (18 September 1830 \u2013 22 January 1898) was a German forester, ornithologist, hunter and writer.\nHe was born in Breslau, Silesia (then in Prussia: now Wroc\u0142aw, Poland), to a family of Austrian descent. His father died when he was a year old, and he moved with his mother to Oels (now Ole\u015bnica), where he spent his childhood and early youth until matriculating from Gymnasium. He studied at the Eberswalde Forestry Academy in Neustadt-Eberswalde, becoming a Revierf\u00f6rster (district forest ranger) in the Tuchola Forest, where he began studying ornithology. In 1871 he became Oberf\u00f6rster (chief forester) in Altenkirchen, where he wrote his first book, Die Raubv\u00f6gel Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Mitteleuropas (Birds of Prey of Germany and adjoining Central Europe). He later became Royal Forester for the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Domains in Charlottenburg, where he stayed until his death in 1898.", "Q1325743": "Rodney Jones (born August 30, 1956) is a jazz guitarist who worked with Jaki Byard, Chico Hamilton, Dizzy Gillespie, and Lena Horne and as a bandleader. He is cited as a jazz guitarist who uses modern quartal harmony. Jones is a faculty member at Juilliard.", "Q317286": "Sa\u00efd \"Samy\" Naceri (French: [sami nase\u0281i]; born 2 July 1961) is a French actor known for his work in the four Taxi films and The Code (La Mentale).\n\n", "Q202847": "Fred Ho (Chinese: \u4faf\u7ef4\u7ff0; pinyin: H\u00f3u W\u00e9ih\u00e0n; born Fred Wei-han Houn; August 10, 1957 \u2013 April 12, 2014) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist, composer, bandleader, playwright, writer and Marxist social activist. In 1988, he changed his surname to \"Ho\".\n\n", "Q65652": "Riein is a village and a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Riein, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.", "Q337156": "Andrew Adonis, Baron Adonis, (born Andreas Adonis; 22 February 1963) is a British Labour Party politician and journalist who served in HM Government for five years in the Blair ministry and the Brown ministry. He served as Secretary of State for Transport from 2009 to 2010, and as Chairman of the National Infrastructure Commission from 2015 to 2017.\nAdonis began his career as an academic at Oxford University, before becoming a journalist at the Financial Times and later The Observer. Adonis was appointed by Prime Minister Tony Blair to be an advisor at the Number 10 Policy Unit, specialising in constitutional and educational policy, in 1998. He was later promoted to become the Head of the Policy Unit from 2001 until being created a life peer in 2005, when he was appointed Minister of State for Education in HM Government. He remained in that role when Gordon Brown became Prime Minister in 2007, before becoming Minister of State for Transport in 2008. In 2009, he was promoted to the Cabinet as Transport Secretary, a position he held until 2010.Adonis has worked for a number of think tanks, is a board member of Policy Network and is the author or co-author of several books, including several studies of the British class system, the rise and fall of the Community Charge, and the Victorian House of Lords. He has also co-edited a collection of essays on Roy Jenkins. Like Jenkins, Adonis speaks with rhotacism.\nAdonis is a strong supporter and advocate of the European Union and a vocal opponent of Brexit. Following the 2016 referendum on UK membership of the European Union, he then became a key campaigner for a second referendum on British departure from the EU.\n\n", "Q436761": "Lisa E. Wilcox (born April 27, 1964) is an American actress, designer, and former model. She is best known for her role as Alice Johnson in Renny Harlin's A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master (1988), a role she later reprised in Stephen Hopkins sequel A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child (1989). She subsequently appeared in the films Men Seeking Women (1997), Watchers Reborn (1998), and The Church (2018). \nIn addition to screen acting, Wilcox has worked as a television actress with roles in a variety of series including Ellen in the soap opera Knots Landing (1989), Yuta in the science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation (1989), Missy Preston in FOX's short lived Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1992), and Nurse Owens in the web series Fear Clinic (2009).", "Q359857": "Johnny Grant (May 9, 1923 \u2013 January 9, 2008) was an American radio personality and television producer who also served as the honorary mayor of Hollywood, in which capacity he was often present at Hollywood community functions, including the unveiling of new stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. An intersection just north of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue is designated \"Johnny Grant Way\".", "Q73030": "Walther Franz Georg Bronsart von Schellendorff (21 December 1833, in Danzig \u2013 13 December 1914, at Gut Marienhof, Amt G\u00fcstrow, Mecklenburg), Dr. jur. h.c., was a Prussian General of the Infantry \u00e0 la suite, Adjutant-General to the Kaiser and King, and Prussian Minister of War.\nHe was born into an old Prussian noble family and was the son of the Prussian Lieutenant General Heinrich Bronsart von Schellendorff (1803\u20131874) and Antoinette de R\u00e8ge (1810\u20131873).\nOn 26 September 1863 in Altona, Bronsart von Schellendorf married Harriet Donner (born 14 November 1841 in Altona; died 21 September 1917 at Gut Marienhof, Amt G\u00fcstrow), the daughter of the Hamburg business magnate and banker Bernhard Donner, adviser to the Danish government and landowner at Schloss Bredeneek, and of Helene Schr\u00f6der (from a Freiherr family).\nHe was the younger brother of Paul Bronsart von Schellendorff, and became Minister of War 10 years after him.\nBronsart von Schellendorf left cadet school in 1851 and joined the 1st Infantry Regiment and was promoted to Lieutenant in 1852. After studying at the Allgemeine Kriegsschule (General War College; later the Prussian Military Academy) from 1855 to 1858 he was made adjutant of the I Corps in 1859, after having been assigned to the 8. J\u00e4ger-Bataillon. In 1860 he was moved to the topographical department of the General Staff and in 1862 was transferred to the General Staff as a Captain.\nIn the Second Schleswig War in 1864, Bronsart von Schellendorff participated in the Battle of Dybb\u00f8l. He experienced the Austro-Prussian War from the headquarters of the King of Prussia. He was subsequently made a Major.\nFrom 1866 to 1869 Bronsart von Schellendorff was on the staff of the 17th Division. In 1869 he was placed in command of a battalion of the 87th Infantry Regiment. At the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 he was Chief of Staff of the IX Army Corps and participated in all battles of this army corps during the war. From 1871 to 1875 he occupied the same post in the XIII Army Corps.\nIn 1875 Bronsart von Schellendorff was appointed commander of the 89th Infantry Brigade, and in 1879 Commander of the 34th Infantry Brigade. In 1880 he became a Major General and in 1881 was transferred as Chief of Staff to the X Army Corps.\nIn 1884 he became a Lieutenant General and at the same time commander of the 17th Division, and in 1888 was made general officer commanding (Kommandierender General) of the III Army Corps and in 1890 that of the X Army Corps. From January 1893 he did not have a fixed assignment, and was appointed Minister of War in October of that year. In this capacity, he defended the army against the criticisms of the Social Democrats, and announced a reform of the military criminal justice procedure as demanded by the Reichstag. Due to disagreements with the Military Cabinet, he resigned on 14 August 1896.\nBronsart von Schellendorff died in 1914 at Gut Marienhof in the Amtsbezirk G\u00fcstrow. He was also the owner of the G\u00fcstrow properties Gro\u00df- and Klein-Tessin.", "Q951373": "Dallas L. Austin (born December 29, 1970) is an American musician, songwriter, record producer, and film producer.", "Q2199420": "Carlos Alves de Brito (born 1960 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is CEO of Anheuser-Busch InBev.", "Q3046419": "Earle Hodgins (October 6, 1893 \u2013 April 14, 1964) was an American actor.", "Q155019": "The Duchy of Lorraine (French: Lorraine [l\u0254\u0281\u025bn] (listen); German: Lothringen [\u02c8lo\u02d0t\u0281\u026a\u014b\u0259n] (listen)), originally Upper Lorraine, was a duchy now included in the larger present-day region of Lorraine in northeastern France. Its capital was Nancy.\nIt was founded in 959 following the division of Lotharingia into two separate duchies: Upper and Lower Lorraine, the westernmost parts of the Holy Roman Empire. The Lower duchy was quickly dismantled, while Upper Lorraine came to be known as simply the Duchy of Lorraine. The Duchy of Lorraine was coveted and briefly occupied by the Dukes of Burgundy and the Kings of France.\nIn 1737, the Duchy was given to Stanis\u0142aw Leszczy\u0144ski, the former king of Poland, who had lost his throne as a result of the War of the Polish Succession, with the understanding that it would fall to the French crown on his death. When Stanis\u0142aw died on 23 February 1766, Lorraine was annexed by France and reorganized as a province.", "Q314957": "Auguste-Maurice Barr\u00e8s (French: [ba\u0281\u025bs]; 19 August 1862 \u2013 4 December 1923) was a French novelist, journalist and politician. Spending some time in Italy, he became a figure in French literature with the release of his work The Cult of the Self in 1888. In politics, he was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1889 as a Boulangist and would play a prominent political role for the rest of his life.\nBarr\u00e8s was associated in his literary works with Symbolism, a movement which had equivalence with British Aestheticism and Italian Decadentism; indeed he was a close associate of Gabriele d'Annunzio representing the latter. As the name of his trilogy suggests, his works glorified a humanistic love of the self and he also flirted with occult mysticisms in his youth. The Dreyfus affair saw an ideological shift from a liberal individualism rooted in the French Revolution to a more collectivist and organic concept of the nation, advocating for corporatism and an organic society, he also became a leading anti-Dreyfusard popularising the term nationalisme to describe his views. He stood on a platform of \"Nationalism and Protectionism.\". \nPolitically, he became involved with various groups such as the Ligue des Patriotes of Paul D\u00e9roul\u00e8de, which he became the leader of in 1914. Barr\u00e8s was close to Charles Maurras, the founder of Action Fran\u00e7aise, a monarchist party. Despite the fact that he remained a republican, Barr\u00e8s would have a strong influence on various following French monarchists, as well as various other figures. During the First World War, he was a strong supporter of the Union Sacr\u00e9e political truce. In later life, Barr\u00e8s returned to the Catholic faith and was involved in a campaign to restore French church buildings and helped establish 24 June as a national day of remembrance for St. Joan of Arc.", "Q530462": "Luiz Gonzaga Bergonzini (20 May 1936 \u2013 13 June 2012) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic bishop.\nOrdained to the priesthood in 1959, Bergonzini was named bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarulhos, Brazil in 1991 and retired on 23 November 2011.", "Q231255": "Julie London (born Nancy Gayle Peck; September 26, 1926 \u2013 October 18, 2000) was an American singer and actress, whose career spanned more than 40 years. Born in Santa Rosa, California to vaudevillian parents, London was discovered while working as an elevator operator in downtown Los Angeles, and began her career as an actress. London's 35-year acting career began in film in 1944, and included roles as the female lead in numerous Westerns, co-starring with Rock Hudson in The Fat Man (1951), with Robert Taylor and John Cassavetes in Saddle the Wind (1958), and opposite Robert Mitchum in The Wonderful Country (1959).\nIn the mid-1950s, she signed a recording contract with the newly established Liberty Records, and released a total of 32 albums of pop and jazz standards during the 1950s and 1960s, with her signature song being \"Cry Me a River\", which she introduced in 1955. London was noted by critics for her husky, smoky voice and languid vocal style. She released her final studio album in 1969, but achieved continuing success playing the female starring role of Nurse Dixie McCall, in the television series Emergency! (1972\u20131979), in which she appeared opposite her real-life husband, Bobby Troup. The show was produced by her ex-husband, Jack Webb.\nA shy and introverted woman, London rarely granted interviews, and spent the remainder of her life out of the public sphere. In 1995, she suffered a stroke, which left her with permanent health problems, and died five years later of a heart attack.", "Q152776": "Audrey Marie Munson (June 8, 1891 \u2013 February 20, 1996) was an American artist's model and film actress, today considered \"America's First Supermodel.\" In her time, she was variously known as \"Miss Manhattan\", the \"Panama\u2013Pacific Girl\", the \"Exposition Girl\" and \"American Venus.\" She was the model or inspiration for more than twelve statues in New York City, and many others elsewhere. Munson was also the first American actress to appear fully nude in film, in Inspiration (1915), the first of her four silent films.", "Q189172": "Andrey Vitalievich Korotayev (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432; born 17 February 1961) is a Russian anthropologist, economic historian, comparative political scientist, demographer and sociologist, with major contributions to world-systems theory, cross-cultural studies, Near Eastern history, Big History, and mathematical modelling of social and economic macrodynamics.He is currently the Head of the Laboratory for Monitoring of the Risks of Sociopolitical Destabilization at the National Research University Higher School of Economics, and a Senior Research Professor at the Center for Big History and System Forecasting of the Institute of Oriental Studies \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a as well as in the Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.In addition, he is a Senior Research Professor of the International Laboratory on Political Demography and Social Macrodynamics (PDSM) of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, RANEPA - First International Conference on Political Demography and Social Macro-Dynamics as well as a Full Professor of the Faculty of Global Studies of the Moscow State University.He is co-editor of the journals Social Evolution & History and Journal of Globalization Studies, as well as History & Mathematics yearbook Almanac (together with Leonid Grinin and Arno Tausch).\nTogether with Askar Akayev and George Malinetsky he is a coordinator of the Russian Academy of Sciences Program \"System Analysis and Mathematical Modeling of World Dynamics\".", "Q3471042": "Samuel Beale (4 June 1803 \u2013 11 September 1874) was a British Liberal Party politician, banker and industrialist.\n\n", "Q577729": "Erik M\u00f6ller (born 1979) is a German freelance journalist, software developer, author, and former deputy director of the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF), based in San Francisco. M\u00f6ller additionally works as a web designer and previously managed his own web hosting service, myoo.de.", "Q847263": "The Socialist Party (Portuguese: Partido Socialista, pronounced [p\u0250\u027e\u02c8ti\u00f0u susi\u0250\u02c8li\u0283t\u0250], PS) is a social-democratic political party in Portugal. It was founded on 19 April 1973 in the German city of Bad M\u00fcnstereifel, by militants from the Portuguese Socialist Action (Portuguese: Ac\u00e7\u00e3o Socialista Portuguesa). The PS is one of the two major parties in Portuguese politics, its rival being the centre-right Social Democratic Party (PSD). The current leader of the PS is Ant\u00f3nio Costa, the Prime Minister of Portugal. The party has currently 108 of 230 seats in the Portuguese Parliament following the October 2019 election, forming a minority government.\nPS is a member of the Socialist International, Progressive Alliance and Party of European Socialists, and has nine members in the European Parliament within the Socialists & Democrats (S&D) Group during the ninth parliament.", "Q2495947": "Kelly de Almeida Afonso Freitas (born March 3, 1983), known for her stage name Kelly Key, is a Portuguese-Brazilian pop singer, songwriter and TV hostess.", "Q403902": "Aidan Quinn (born March 8, 1959) is an Irish American actor, who made his film debut in Reckless (1984). He has starred in over 80 feature films, including Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), The Mission (1986), Stakeout (1987), Avalon (1990), Benny & Joon (1993), Legends of the Fall (1994), Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994), Michael Collins (1996), Practical Magic (1998), Song for a Raggy Boy (2003) and Unknown (2011).\nQuinn has received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his work in An Early Frost (1985) and Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (2007). He played Captain Thomas \"Tommy\" Gregson in the CBS television series Elementary (2012\u20132019).", "Q746558": "The Emirate of Bukhara (Persian: \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u200e; Uzbek: Buxoro amirligi) was an Uzbek-Tajik state that existed from 1785 to 1920 in what is now modern-day Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. It occupied the land between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, known formerly as Transoxiana. Its core territory was the land along the lower Zarafshan River, and its urban centres were the ancient cities of Samarkand and the emirate's capital, Bukhara. It was contemporaneous with the Khanate of Khiva to the west, in Khwarezm, and the Khanate of Kokand to the east, in Fergana.", "Q132082": "Louis-Xavier de Ricard (January 25, 1843 \u2013 July 2, 1911) was a French poet, author and journalist of the 19th century. He was founder and editor of La Revue du progr\u00e8s (La Revue du Progr\u00e8s moral, litt\u00e9raire, scientifique et artistique) which was the first to publish a poem by Paul Verlaine in August 1863. He and Catulle Mend\u00e8s edited the first volume of Le Parnasse contemporain, published by Alphonse Lemerre in 1866. He was a member of the Commune de Paris (1871) and F\u00e9librige, a group founded by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Mistral to promote and defend Proven\u00e7al literature and the Proven\u00e7al language (a Langue d'oc language).", "Q2703745": "Earthian (\u30a2\u30fc\u30b7\u30a2\u30f3, \u0100shian) is a yaoi manga by Yun Kouga about angel watchers of earth which was made into a J.C.Staff-produced anime OVA. The angels' roles are to assess the progress of humans giving them positive and negative scores based on their everyday actions. The angels, who have deemed that the Earthian are becoming far too destructive, decide that if the Earthian reach 10,000 negative marks instead of positive, then their world will be destroyed. While there are many sets of positive/negative partner teams that have descended to the Earth to carry out their investigations, the story focuses on a single pair that, due to the carelessness (or perhaps over-caring nature) of one, causes both to end up in trying circumstances multiple times throughout their stay on Earth...\nThere are four OVAs total, three of which continue the same plot, and another that delves into a separate side story. All of them coincide with the original manga.", "Q112352": "Bora Da\u011ftekin (born 27 October 1978, in Hannover) is a German screenwriter and filmmaker who has directed several of the most successful German-language films, notably Fack ju G\u00f6hte.", "Q7866332": "The USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism comprises a School of \nCommunication and a School of Journalism at the University of Southern California (USC). Starting July 2017, the school\u2019s Dean is Willow Bay, succeeding Ernest J. Wilson III. The graduate program in Communications is consistently ranked first according to the QS World University Rankings.", "Q1194440": "The Hound of the Baskervilles (Russian: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0428\u0435\u0440\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0425\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430: \u0421\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0439), is a 1981 Soviet television film adaptation of Arthur Conan Doyle's novel The Hound of the Baskervilles. It was the third installment in the TV series about adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson.", "Q991625": "Bruce David Gertz (born December 15, 1952, Providence, Rhode Island) is an American jazz bassist. He plays both double-bass and electric bass.\nGertz first learned to play guitar, then switched to bass guitar as a teenager, playing with local blues and rock groups. He studied music formally at New England College and Berklee College of Music in the 1970s; after graduating from Berklee in 1976 he taught music there; he is now a professor of music. He worked with George Garzone in the Overtones in the late 1970s and was a co-leader of ensembles with Jerry Bergonzi from 1978 to 1989. He worked with Mike Stern both in the Bergonzi ensembles and with Stern's own quartet. From 1982 to 1985 he was house bassist for the Willow Jazz Cafe in Somerville, Massachusetts. In the 1990s he worked with John Abercrombie, Joey Calderazzo, Ken Cervenka, Adam Nussbaum, Danilo Perez, Dan Reiser, Kurt Rosenwinkel, George Schuller, and others.", "Q268334": "Jacek J\u0119druch (Warsaw, Poland, 1927 \u2013 Athens, Greece, 1995) was a Polish-American nuclear engineer and historian of Polish representative government.", "Q68362": "Guido Georg Friedrich Erdmann Heinrich Adalbert Graf Henckel von Donnersmarck, from 1901 Prince (F\u00fcrst) Henckel von Donnersmarck (born 10 August 1830 in Breslau, died 19 December 1916 in Berlin) was a German nobleman, industrial magnate, member of the House Henckel von Donnersmarck and one of the richest men of his time. He was married in his first marriage to the famed French courtesan Esther Lachmann, known as La Pa\u00efva, of Russian Jewish origin.", "Q122285": "Carla Del Ponte (born February 9, 1947) is a former Chief Prosecutor of two United Nations international criminal law tribunals. A former Swiss attorney general, she was appointed prosecutor for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in August 1999, replacing Louise Arbour.\nIn 2003, the U.N. Security Council removed Del Ponte as the Prosecutor for the ICTR, and replaced her there with Hassan Bubacar Jallow in an effort to expedite proceedings in that Tribunal. She remained the Prosecutor for the ICTY until 1 January 2008, when she was succeeded by Serge Brammertz. Del Ponte was formerly married, and has one son.\nDel Ponte served as Swiss ambassador to Argentina from 2008 to February 2011.\n\n", "Q71633": "Johanna (Hanna) Neumann (n\u00e9e von Caemmerer) (12 February 1914 \u2013 14 November 1971) was a German-born mathematician who worked on group theory.", "Q38555": "Santa Fe ( SAN-t\u0259 FAY, -\u2060 fay; Tewa: Ogh\u00e1 P'o'oge; Northern Tiwa: Hulp'\u00f3'ona; Navajo: Yoot\u00f3) is the capital of the U.S. state of New Mexico. It is the fourth-largest city in New Mexico with a population of 84,612 in 2018, the county seat of Santa Fe County, and its metropolitan area is part of the larger Albuquerque\u2013Santa Fe\u2013Las Vegas combined statistical area which features a population of 1,178,664 as of the 2018 Census Bureau estimate. The city was founded in 1610 as capital of Nuevo M\u00e9xico, after it replaced Espa\u00f1ola as capital, which makes it the oldest state capital in the United States.\nIt is considered one of the world's great art cities, due to its many art galleries and installations, and is recognized by UNESCO's Creative Cities Network. Cultural highlights include Santa Fe Plaza and the Palace of the Governors, and the Fiesta de Santa Fe, as well as distinct New Mexican cuisine restaurants and New Mexico music performances. Among the numerous art galleries and installations are, for example, Georgia O'Keefe Museum is located in the city, as is a gallery by cartoonist Chuck Jones, along with newer art collectives such as Meow Wolf.\nThe area surrounding Santa Fe was occupied for at least several thousand years by indigenous peoples who built villages several hundred years ago on the current site of the city. It was known by the Tewa inhabitants as Ogha Po'oge (\"White Shell Water Place\"). The name of the city of Santa Fe means \"holy faith\" in Spanish, and the city's full name as founded remains La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de As\u00eds (\"The Royal Town of the Holy Faith of Saint Francis of Assisi\").", "Q266319": "Soledad Rend\u00f3n Bueno (9 July 1943 \u2013 18 August 1970), better known by her stage names Soledad Miranda or Susann Korda (or sometimes Susan Korday), was an actress and pop singer who was born in Seville, Spain. She starred in many films directed by Jess Franco, such as Count Dracula (1970) and Vampyros Lesbos (1971). She also released numerous Spanish-language pop songs throughout the mid-sixties. She died in a car accident on a Lisbon highway at age 27.\n\n", "Q454696": "Amar Gopal Bose (November 2, 1929 \u2013 July 12, 2013) was an American academic and entrepreneur. An electrical engineer and sound engineer, he was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for over 45 years. He was also the founder and chairman of Bose Corporation.\nIn 2011, he donated a majority of the company to MIT in the form of non-voting shares to sustain and advance MIT's education and research mission.", "Q777949": "Luiz Gonzaga do Nascimento, Jr. (September 22, 1945 \u2013 April 29, 1991), better known as Gonzaguinha (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0261\u00f5za\u02c8\u0261i\u014b\u0250], [-a]), in Portuguese Little Gonzaga, was a noted Brazilian singer and composer. He was born in Rio de Janeiro and he was the son of Luiz Gonzaga ('Gonzag\u00e3o', 'Big Gonzaga'), the \"king of bai\u00e3o\". Gonzaguinha was killed in a car accident on April 29, 1991, in Renascen\u00e7a, state of Paran\u00e1, southern Brazil.Many eminent Brazilian artists recorded his compositions, such as Maria Beth\u00e2nia, Simone, Elis Regina, Fagner, and Joanna. Among these, stands out Simone and great hits like \"Sangrando\", \"Mulher, e da\u00ed\" and \"Come\u00e7aria tudo outra vez\".", "Q4755699": "Andreas du Plessis de Richelieu (24 February 1852 \u2013 25 March 1932) was a Danish naval officer and businessman who became a Siamese admiral and minister of the navy. He was granted the Thai noble title Phraya Chonlayutthayothin (Thai: \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e25\u0e22\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e42\u0e22\u0e18\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e4c).He commanded forces at the Phra Chulachomklao Fortress in the Paknam Incident of 13 July 1893, that ended the Franco-Siamese War, and went on to become the first and only foreign-born commander-in-chief of the Royal Thai Navy, from 16 January 1900 to 29 January 1901.He returned to Denmark in 1902, suffering from malaria. He died at Kokkedal House in H\u00f8rsholm and is buried at Holmens Cemetery in Copenhagen.", "Q55785": "Ryszard Rynkowski (born October 9, 1951 in Elbl\u0105g) is Polish singer, composer, pianist and actor. In the years 1978\u20141987 accompanist of Vox music band, a solo artist since 1987. He was awarded with the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and the Order of the Smile. He also is honorary citizen of Elbl\u0105g, Poland.Rynkowski is the winner of many editions of the National Festival of Polish Song in Opole (in 1979, 1989, 1990 and 1994). In 1993 he starred in the title role of the musical Pan Twardowski. In 2001, he was awarded the Fryderyk as the lead singer of the year.", "Q641551": "Oleg Vladimirovich Losev (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0435\u0432, sometimes spelled Lossev or Lossew in English) (10 May 1903 \u2013 22 January 1942) was a Russian scientist and inventor who made significant discoveries in the field of semiconductor junctions.\nAlthough he was never able to complete a formal education and never held a research position, Losev conducted some of the earliest research into semiconductors, publishing 43 papers and receiving 16 \"author's certificates\" (the Soviet version of patents) for his discoveries. He observed light emission from carborundum point-contact junctions, the first light-emitting diode (LED), did the first research on them, proposed the first correct theory of how they worked, and used them in practical applications such as electroluminescence. He explored negative resistance in semiconductor junctions, and was first to use them practically for amplification, building the first solid-state amplifiers, electronic oscillators, and superheterodyne radio receivers, 25 years before the invention of the transistor. However his achievements were overlooked, and languished unknown for half a century before being recognized in the late 20th and early 21st century.\n\n", "Q265610": "Zhanneta \"Zhanna\" Trofymovna Prokhorenko (Ukrainian: \u0416\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \"\u0416\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\" \u0422\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; Russian: \u0416\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \"\u0416\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\" \u0422\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; 11 May 1940 \u2013 1 August 2011) was a Soviet and Russian actress, best known to European and North American audiences for her role in Grigori Chukhrai's 1959 film, Ballad of a Soldier.", "Q65646": "Oberwil-Lieli is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q202853": "Sarah Christine Roemer (born August 28, 1984) is an American actress and model. One of her best-known roles was the lead in Disturbia, but she has also starred in a number of films including Asylum, Hachi: A Dog's Tale, Fired Up!, Waking Madison, and The Con Artist, as well as the television series The Event and Chosen.", "Q439446": "Peri Gilpin (born Peri Kay Oldham; May 27, 1961) is an American actress. She portrayed Roz Doyle in the U.S. television series Frasier, and Kim Keeler in the ABC Family television drama Make It or Break It.", "Q349488": "Adam Gabriel Garcia (born 1 June 1973) is an Australian stage, television and film actor who is best known for lead roles in musicals such as Saturday Night Fever and Kiss Me, Kate. He is also a trained tap dancer and singer. Garcia has been nominated twice at the Laurence Olivier Awards in 1999 and 2013 respectively.", "Q1581": "Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States. With more than six million residents, it is the 18th-most populous state of the country. The largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield and Columbia; the capital is Jefferson City. The state is the 21st-most extensive in area. Missouri is bordered by eight states (tied for the most with Tennessee): Iowa to the north, Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee (via the Mississippi River) to the east, Arkansas to the south and Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska to the west. In the south are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals and recreation. The Missouri River, after which the state is named, flows through the center of the state into the Mississippi River, which makes up Missouri's eastern border.\nHumans have inhabited the land now known as Missouri for at least 12,000 years. The Mississippian culture built cities and mounds, before declining in the 14th century. When European explorers arrived in the 17th century, they encountered the Osage and Missouria nations. The French established Louisiana, a part of New France, founding Ste. Genevieve in 1735 and St. Louis in 1764. After a brief period of Spanish rule, the United States acquired the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Americans from the Upland South, including enslaved African Americans, rushed into the new Missouri Territory. Missouri was admitted as a slave state as part of the Missouri Compromise. Many from Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee settled in the Boonslick area of Mid-Missouri. Soon after, heavy German immigration formed the Missouri Rhineland.\nMissouri played a central role in the westward expansion of the United States, as memorialized by the Gateway Arch. The Pony Express, Oregon Trail, Santa Fe Trail and California Trail all began in Missouri. As a border state, Missouri's role in the American Civil War was complex and there were many conflicts within. After the war, both Greater St. Louis and the Kansas City metropolitan area became centers of industrialization and business. Today the state is divided into 114 counties and the independent city of St. Louis.\nMissouri's culture blends elements from the Midwestern and Southern United States. The musical styles of ragtime, Kansas City jazz and St. Louis blues developed in Missouri. The well-known Kansas City-style barbecue and lesser-known St. Louis-style barbecue, can be found across the state and beyond. Missouri is also a major center of beer brewing; Anheuser-Busch is the largest producer in the world. Missouri wine is produced in the Missouri Rhineland and Ozarks. Missouri's alcohol laws are among the most permissive in the United States. Outside of the state's major cities, popular tourist destinations include the Lake of the Ozarks, Table Rock Lake and Branson.\nWell-known Missourians include Chuck Berry, Sheryl Crow, Walt Disney, Edwin Hubble, Nelly, Randy Orton, Brad Pitt, Harry S. Truman, and Mark Twain. Some of the largest companies based in the state include Cerner, Express Scripts, Monsanto, Emerson Electric, Edward Jones, H&R Block, Wells Fargo Advisors, and O'Reilly Auto Parts. Universities in Missouri include the University of Missouri and the top-ranked Washington University in St. Louis. Missouri has been called the \"Mother of the West\" and the \"Cave State\", but its most famous nickname is the \"Show Me State\".", "Q1548904": "Pokey LaFarge (born June 26, 1983) is an American musician, writer, and actor raised in Illinois, and now is based in Los Angeles, California.\n\n", "Q983221": "Oliver \"Tuku\" Mtukudzi (22 September 1952 \u2013 23 January 2019) was a Zimbabwean musician, businessman, philanthropist, human rights activist and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for Southern Africa Region. Tuku was considered to have been Zimbabwe's most renowned and internationally recognised cultural icon of all time.\n\n", "Q321720": "Lieutenant-General Sir Aylmer Gould Hunter-Weston (23 September 1864 \u2013 18 March 1940) was a British Army general who served in World War I at Gallipoli and in the very early stages of the Somme Offensive. He was also a Scottish Unionist MP.\nNicknamed \"Hunter-Bunter\", Hunter-Weston has been seen as a classic example of a \"donkey\" general; he was described by his superior Sir Douglas Haig as a \"rank amateur\", and has been referred to by one modern writer as \"one of the Great War's spectacular incompetents\". However, another historian writes that although his poor performance at the battles of Krithia earned his reputation \"as one of the most brutal and incompetent commanders of the First World War\" \"in his later battles (at Gallipoli) he seemed to hit upon a formula for success ...(but) these small achievements were largely forgotten\".", "Q212498": "Count Adam Stefan Zamoyski FSA FRSA FRSL (born 11 January 1949) is a British historian and author of Polish descent.", "Q13908": "Hackers is a 1995 American crime film directed by Iain Softley and starring Jonny Lee Miller, Angelina Jolie, Renoly Santiago, Laurence Mason, Matthew Lillard, Jesse Bradford, Lorraine Bracco, and Fisher Stevens. The film follows a group of high school hackers and their involvement in a corporate extortion conspiracy. Made in the 1990s when the Internet was unfamiliar to the general public, it reflects the ideals laid out in the Hacker Manifesto quoted in the film: \"This is our world now... the world of the electron and the switch [...] We exist without skin color, without nationality, without religious bias... and you call us criminals. [...] Yes, I am a criminal. My crime is that of curiosity.\" Despite receiving mixed-to-negative reviews and failing at the box office upon release, Hackers has since achieved cult classic status.\n\n", "Q110551": "Reinhold Muchow (21 December 1905 in Berlin \u2013 12 September 1933 in Bacharach) was a Nazi Party politician. Especially prized in the early years of the movement for his organisational skills, he was associated with the economically left wing of the party.\nA native of the gritty Neuk\u00f6lln district of Berlin, Muchow was one of the Alter K\u00e4mpfer of the Nazi Party. He was associated with the Strasser brothers and set up a Central Union of the Unemployed in an attempt to attract new members to the party before this initiative was closed down by the central leadership. He became leader of the Greater Berlin Gau 1 in 1925 and here he established the Muchow Plan, a cell-based structure for Nazi Party organisation on a local level which proved important in the growth of the party. Muchow's organisational talents impressed Joseph Goebbels and in 1928 he was given charge of organisation for the entire city where his plan became the standard for party structure across Germany. In fact Muchow's structure was strongly influenced by the cell structure of the Communist Party.At the same time he was also put in charge of a new Sekretariat fur arbeiterangelegenheiten, later called the Organisation of National Socialist Factory Cells, which sought to build up support for the Nazi Party among industrial workers. He was later sent to the German Labour Front where he revamped that group's organisation, setting up fourteen new units. He died in an accident in the Rhineland in September 1933 and was widely mourned by the Nazi hierarchy.", "Q52954": "A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument played using a keyboard, a row of levers which are pressed by the fingers. The most common of these are the piano, organ, and various electronic keyboards, including synthesizers and digital pianos. Other keyboard instruments include celestas, which are struck idiophones operated by a keyboard, and carillons, which are usually housed in bell towers or belfries of churches or municipal buildings.Today, the term keyboard often refers to keyboard-style synthesizers. Under the fingers of a sensitive performer, the keyboard may also be used to control dynamics, phrasing, shading, articulation, and other elements of expression\u2014depending on the design and inherent capabilities of the instrument.Another important use of the word keyboard is in historical musicology, where it means an instrument whose identity cannot be firmly established. Particularly in the 18th century, the harpsichord, the clavichord, and the early piano were in competition, and the same piece might be played on more than one. Hence, in a phrase such as \"Mozart excelled as a keyboard player,\" the word keyboard is typically all-inclusive.", "Q98085": "Wolfgang Beltracchi (born Wolfgang Fischer on 4 February 1951) is a German art forger and artist who has admitted to forging hundreds of paintings in an international art scam netting millions of euros. Beltracchi, together with his wife Helene, sold forgeries of alleged works by famous artists, including Max Ernst, Heinrich Campendonk, Fernand L\u00e9ger and Kees van Dongen. Though he was found guilty for forging 14 works of art that sold for a combined $45m (\u00a328.6m), he claims to have faked \"about 50\" artists. The total estimated profits Beltracchi made from his forgeries surpasses $100m.In 2011, after a 40-day trial, Beltracchi was found guilty and sentenced to six years in a German prison. His wife, Helene, was given a four-year sentence, and both were ordered to pay millions in restitution. Beltracchi was freed on January 9, 2015, having served just over three years in prison.\n\n", "Q702468": "Salvador de Madariaga y Rojo (23 July 1886 \u2013 14 December 1978) was a Spanish diplomat, writer, historian, and pacifist. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the Nobel Peace Prize. He was awarded the Charlemagne Prize in 1973.", "Q137688": "John MacDonald Coleman (born February 21, 1958) is an American actor and screenwriter, known for playing the role of Steven Carrington in the 1980s prime time soap opera Dynasty (1982\u20131988), and for portraying Noah Bennet in the science-fiction drama series Heroes (2006\u20132010) as well as his recurring roles as State Senator Robert Lipton on The Office (2010\u20132013) and as United States Senator William Bracken on Castle (2012\u20132015).\n\n", "Q451088": "Dale Crover (born October 23, 1967) is an American rock musician. Crover is best known as the drummer for Melvins. He's also been the drummer for Men of Porn, Shrinebuilder, Crystal Fairy, and, for a brief time, Nirvana. He is also guitarist and vocalist for Altamont. He has also toured with Fant\u00f4mas (filling in for Dave Lombardo), Off!, and Redd Kross.", "Q35717": "David \"Dato\" Turashvili (Georgian: \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 (\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd) \u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8) (born May 10, 1966 in Tbilisi) is a Georgian fiction writer.", "Q88296": "Ina Seidel (15 September 1885 - 3 October 1974) was a German lyric poet and novelist. Favourite themes included motherhood and the mysteries of race and heredity.", "Q214957": "Thomas Nast (; German: [nast]; September 27, 1840 \u2013 December 7, 1902) was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist often considered to be the \"Father of the American Cartoon\". He was a critic of Democratic Representative \"Boss\" Tweed and the Tammany Hall Democratic party political machine. Among his notable works were the creation of the modern version of Santa Claus (based on the traditional German figures of Sankt Nikolaus and Weihnachtsmann) and the political symbol of the elephant for the Republican Party (GOP). Contrary to popular belief, Nast did not create Uncle Sam (the male personification of the United States Federal Government), Columbia (the female personification of American values), or the Democratic donkey, though he did popularize these symbols through his artwork. Nast was associated with the magazine Harper's Weekly from 1859 to 1860 and from 1862 until 1886.", "Q136596": "Eduardo L\u00f3pez de Roma\u00f1a y Alvizuri (19 March 1847 \u2013 26 May 1912) served as the 40th President of Peru from September 1899 to September 1903. \nA member of the landowning elite, he was the first engineer to become President of the Republic, and one of several Presidents from the era of the so-called Aristocratic Republic.", "Q320358": "Austin Ardinel Chesterfield \"Tom\" Clarke, (July 26, 1934 \u2013 June 26, 2016), was a Barbadian novelist, essayist, and short story writer who was based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Among his notable books are novels such as The Polished Hoe (2002), memoirs including Membering (2015), and two collections of poetry, Where the Sun Shines Best (2013) and In Your Crib (2015).", "Q65120": "H\u00e4felfingen is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q89188": "Slobodan Jovanovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0408\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; 3 December 1869 \u2013 12 December 1958) was a Serbian historian, lawyer, philosopher, literary critic and politician, and one of the most prominent intellectuals of his time. He was the professor at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law (1897\u20141940), Rector of the University of Belgrade (1913\u201314 and 1920\u201321), and the President of the Serbian Royal Academy (1928\u20131931). He took part at the Paris Peace Conference (1919) as an expert for the Yugoslav Government.Jovanovi\u0107 was the Deputy Prime Minister (March 1941 - June 1942) and the Prime Minister of the Royal Yugoslav government-in-exile in London between January 1942 and June 1943. After the World War II, new Communist authorities of Yugoslavia sentenced him in absentia to 20 years in prison. Jovanovi\u0107 remained at liberty for the rest of his life in London.", "Q123825": "Urs Widmer (21 May 1938 \u2013 2 April 2014) was a Swiss novelist, playwright, an essayist, and a short story writer.", "Q37100": "Auckland ( AWK-l\u0259nd) is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand. The most populous urban area in the country, Auckland has an urban population of about 1,467,800 (June 2019). It is located in the Auckland Region\u2014the area governed by Auckland Council\u2014which includes outlying rural areas and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf, resulting in a total population of 1,642,800. Auckland is a diverse, multicultural and cosmopolitan city, home to the largest Polynesian population in the world. The M\u0101ori-language name for Auckland is T\u0101maki Makaurau, meaning \"T\u0101maki desired by many\", in reference to the desirability of its natural resources and geography.Auckland lies between the Hauraki Gulf to the east, then extending in Hunua Ranges to the south-east, the Manukau Harbour to the south-west, and the Wait\u0101kere Ranges and smaller ranges to the west and north-west. The surrounding hills are covered in rainforest and the landscape is dotted with 53 dormant volcanic cones. The central part of the urban area occupies a narrow isthmus between the Manukau Harbour on the Tasman Sea and the Waitemat\u0101 Harbour on the Pacific Ocean. Auckland is one of the few cities in the world to have a harbour on each of two separate major bodies of water.\nThe isthmus on which Auckland resides was first settled c.\u20091350 and was valued for its rich and fertile land. The M\u0101ori population in the area is estimated to have peaked at 20,000 before the arrival of Europeans. After a British colony was established in 1840, William Hobson, then Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand, chose the area as his new capital. He named the area for George Eden, Earl of Auckland, British First Lord of the Admiralty. M\u0101ori\u2013European conflict over land in the region led to war in the mid-19th century. Auckland was replaced as the capital in 1865 by Wellington, but the influx of immigration stayed strong, and it has remained the nation's largest city. Today, Auckland's central business district is New Zealand's leading economic hub.\nThe University of Auckland, founded in 1883, is the largest university in New Zealand. The city's varied cultural institutions\u2014such as the Auckland War Memorial Museum, the Museum of Transport and Technology, and Auckland Art Gallery Toi o T\u0101maki\u2014and national historic sites, festivals, performing arts, and sports activities are significant tourist attractions. Architectural landmarks include the Harbour Bridge, the Town Hall, and the Sky Tower. The city is served by Auckland Airport, which handles around one million international passengers a month. Despite being one of the most expensive cities in the world, Auckland is recognised as one of the world's most liveable cities, ranked third in the 2019 Mercer Quality of Living Survey.", "Q102633": "Beate Finckh (born 22 April 1960) is a German actress.", "Q561639": "Thaddeus Venediktovich Bulgarin (Russian: \u0424\u0430\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d; Polish Jan Tadeusz Krzysztof Bu\u0142haryn, July 5 [O.S. June 24] 1789 \u2013 September 13 [O.S. September 1] 1859), was a Russian writer, journalist and publisher of Polish, Bulgarian and Albanian ancestry. In addition to his newspaper work, he rejuvenated the Russian novel, and published the first theatrical almanac in Russian. During his life, his novels were translated and published in English, French, German, Swedish, Polish, and Czech. He served as a soldier under Napoleon, and in later life as an agent of the Czar's secret police. As a writer his self-imposed mission was to popularize the authoritarian policies of Alexander I and Nicholas I.", "Q189600": "The Matrix Reloaded is a 2003 American science fiction action film written and directed by the Wachowskis. It is the first sequel to The Matrix, and the second installment in The Matrix film franchise. Reloaded premiered on May 7, 2003, in Westwood, Los Angeles, California, and went on general release by Warner Bros. in North American theaters on May 15, 2003, and around the world during the latter half of that month. It was also screened out of competition at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival. The video game Enter the Matrix and The Animatrix, a collection of short animations, supported and expanded the storyline of the film.\nThe film received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $739.4 million worldwide, breaking Terminator 2: Judgment Day's record and becoming the highest-grossing R-rated film of all time until Deadpool surpassed it in 2016. The Matrix Revolutions, which continues the story, was released six months after Reloaded, in November 2003.", "Q78617": "Count Richard von Belcredi (German: Richard Graf Belcredi; 12 February 1823 \u2013 2 December 1902) was an Austrian civil servant and statesman, who served as Minister-President\n(and 'Minister of State') of the Austrian Empire from 1865 to 1867. During 1881\u20131895, Belcredi was President of the Cisleithanian Administrative Court.\n\n", "Q747134": "Frederick Robert Branfman (March 18, 1942 \u2013 September 24, 2014) was an American anti-war activist and author of a number of books about the Indochina War who exposed the covert bombing of Laos by the US. Working as the Director of Project Air War in 1969 he wrote about the U.S. bombing in Indochina, which he claimed was directed at civilians.", "Q499196": "Costa Mesa () is a city in Orange County, California. Since its incorporation in 1953, the city has grown from a semi-rural farming community of 16,840 to a suburban area including part of the South Coast Plaza\u2013John Wayne Airport edge city, one of the region's largest commercial clusters, with an economy based on retail, commerce, and light manufacturing. The population was 109,960 at the 2010 United States Census.", "Q2936": "Oldenburg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0254ldn\u0329b\u028a\u0281k] (listen)) is an independent city in the district of Oldenburg in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany. The city is officially named Oldenburg (Oldb) (Oldenburg in Oldenburg) to distinguish from Oldenburg in Holstein.\nDuring the French annexation (1811\u20131813) in the wake of the Napoleonic war against Britain, it was also known as Le Vieux-Bourg in French. The city is situated at the Rivers Hunte and Haaren, in the northwestern region between the cities of Bremen in the east and Groningen (Netherlands) in the west. It has a population of 170,000 (November 2019). Oldenburg is part of the Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region, with 2.37 million people.\nThe city is the place of origin of the House of Oldenburg. Before the end of the German Empire (1918), it was the administrative centre and residence of the monarchs of Oldenburg.", "Q895457": "Bowling Green State University (BGSU) is a public research university in Bowling Green, Ohio. The 1,338-acre (541.5 ha) main academic and residential campus is 15 miles (24 km) south of Toledo, Ohio. The university has nationally recognized programs and research facilities in the natural and social sciences, education, arts, business, health and wellness, humanities and applied technologies. The institution was granted a charter in 1910 as a normal school, specializing in teacher training and education, as part of the Lowry Normal School Bill that authorized two new normal schools in the state of Ohio. Over the university's history, it developed from a small rural normal school into a comprehensive public university.\nAs of 2019, Bowling Green offered over 200 undergraduate programs, as well as master's and doctoral degrees through eight academic colleges. Its academic programs have been nationally ranked by Forbes magazine, U.S. News & World Report, and Washington Monthly. The University is also ranked the most affordable college in Ohio by Business Insider in 2018. Additionally, in 2018 BGSU received designation as an Innovation and Economic Prosperity (IEP) university by the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities (APLU) and its Commission on Innovation, Competitiveness, and Economic Prosperity. The 2011 Carnegie Foundation classified BGSU as having \"high research activity\". Research projects in the areas of psychology, sociology, education and human development, energy and sustainability are among the most prominent. BGSU had an on-campus residential student population of approximately 6,000 students and a total enrollment of over 19,000 students as of 2018. The university also maintains a satellite campus, known as BGSU Firelands, in Huron, Ohio, 60 miles (97 km) east of the main campus. Although the majority of students attend classes on BGSU's main campus, about 2,000 students attend classes at Firelands and about 600 additional students attend online. About 85% of Bowling Green's students are from Ohio.The university hosts an extensive student life program, with over 300 student organizations. Fielding athletic teams known as Bowling Green Falcons, the university competes at the NCAA Division I level (FBS for football) as a member of the Mid-American Conference in all sports except ice hockey, in which the university is a member of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association. The campus is home to annual events including the Dance Marathon (a student-organized philanthropy event) and State Fire School.", "Q77524": "Herman Frasch [or Hermann Frasch] (December 25, 1851 in Oberrot bei Gaildorf, W\u00fcrttemberg \u2013 May 1, 1914 in Paris) was a chemist, mining engineer and inventor known for his work with petroleum and sulphur.", "Q251984": "Spencer Breslin (born May 18, 1992) is an American actor and musician. He is the older brother of actress Abigail Breslin.\nBeginning at the age of three, Breslin acted in over 50 commercials. He is best known for his roles in the feature films Disney's The Kid (co-starring at the age of eight with Bruce Willis), The Santa Clause 2: The Mrs. Clause and The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause (as Curtis the Elf), Return to Neverland, The Cat in the Hat, Raising Helen, The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement, The Shaggy Dog, Harold, The Happening, and Perfect Sisters. His television credits include Teamo Supremo, Stephen King's Storm of the Century, and Law & Order. Movies in which he has acted have taken in a worldwide box office of over $1.3 billion.Breslin won the 2000 Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film by a Young Actor Age Ten or Under. He was also nominated for the 2000 Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Movie (Comedy or Drama); Young Actor Age 10 or Under, the 2000 YoungStar Award for Best Young Actor in a Comedy Film, the 2001 Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor, the 2003 Young Artist Award as Best Performance in a Voice-Over Role, the Spencer Breslin Award (Worst Performance by a Child Actor, winning twice (2003 and 2006)) and the 2007 Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film by a Young Ensemble Cast.\nAs of 2016, Breslin was writing songs for and playing in his band Broken Machine, and co-hosting the Spencer & Lara's Vomitorium podcast.", "Q61811": "Ronald Pofalla (born 15 May 1959, in Weeze) is a German politician of the CDU and a German manager. He was the Chief of Staff of the German Chancellery and a Federal Minister for Special Affairs from 2009 to 2013, in the second coalition government of Chancellor Angela Merkel. Since 2017, he is the CEO of the infrastructure department of Deutsche Bahn.", "Q123372": "Beckenham () is a town in Greater London, England, within the London Borough of Bromley. It borders Beckenham Place Park and Bellingham in the London Borough of Lewisham (to the north) and is centred 8.4 miles (13.5 km) south-east of Charing Cross. Its population at the 2011 census counted 46,844 inhabitants. Beckenham is in the historic county of Kent.\nBeckenham was, until the coming of the railway in 1857, a small village, with most of its land being rural and private parkland. John Barwell Cator and his family began the leasing and selling of land for the building of villas which led to a rapid increase in population, between 1850 and 1900, from 2,000 to 26,000. Housing and population growth has continued at a lesser pace since 1900.\nThe town, directly west of Bromley, has areas of commerce and industry, principally around the curved network of streets featuring its high street and is served in transport by three main railway stations \u2014 nine within the post town \u2014 plus towards its western periphery two Tramlink stations. In common with the rest of Bromley, the largest borough of London by area, Beckenham has several pockets of recreational land which are a mixture of sports grounds, fishing ponds and parks.\n\n", "Q785936": "Rafael Victor Zen\u00f3n Uribe Uribe (born April 12, 1859 \u2013 died October 15, 1914 in Bogot\u00e1) was a Colombian lawyer, journalist, and general in the liberal party rebel army.Uribe Uribe is best known for his political ideas in favor of the establishment of Guild socialism and trade unions in Colombia, his diplomatic work and his support of Colombian coffee growers in fighting diseases such as rust. One of his greatest contributions was, along with Benjamin Herrera, the founding of the Republican University that later became the Free University of Colombia.\nThe Rafael Uribe Uribe Palace of Culture in Medell\u00edn is named after him.", "Q455761": "Dame Mary Jean Gilmore (n\u00e9e Cameron; 16 August 1865 \u2013 3 December 1962) was an Australian writer and journalist known for her prolific contributions to Australian literature and the broader national discourse. She wrote both prose and poetry.\nGilmore was born in rural New South Wales, and spent her childhood in and around the Riverina, living both in small bush settlements and in larger country towns like Wagga Wagga. Gilmore qualified as a schoolteacher at the age of 16, and after a period in the country was posted to Sydney. She involved herself with the burgeoning labour movement, and also became a devotee of the utopian socialism views of William Lane. In 1893, Gilmore and 200 others followed Lane to Paraguay, where they formed the New Australia Colony. She started a family there, but the colony did not live up to expectations and they returned to Australia in 1902.\nDrawing on her connections in Sydney, Gilmore found work with The Australian Worker as the editor of its women's section, a position she held from 1908 to 1931. She also wrote for a variety of other publications, including The Bulletin and The Sydney Morning Herald, becoming known as a campaigner for the welfare of the disadvantaged. Gilmore's first volume of poetry was brought out in 1910; she published prolifically for the rest of her life, mainly poetry but also memoirs and collections of essays. She wrote on a variety of themes, although the public imagination was particularly captured by her evocative views of country life. Her best known work is \"No Foe Shall Gather Our Harvest\", which served as a morale booster during World War II.\nGilmore's greatest recognition came in later life. She was the doyenne of the Sydney literary world, and became something of a national icon, making frequent appearances in the new media of radio and television. Gilmore maintained her prodigious output into old age, publishing her last book of verse in 1954, aged 89. Two years earlier she had begun writing a new column for the Tribune (the official newspaper of the Communist Party), which she continued for almost a decade. Gilmore died at the age of 97 and was accorded a state funeral, a rare honour for a writer. She has featured on the reverse of the Australian ten-dollar note since 1993.", "Q36949": "Robert Anthony De Niro Jr. (, Italian: [de \u02c8ni\u02d0ro]; born August 17, 1943) is an American actor, producer, and director. He has received numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, the Cecil B. DeMille Award, the Golden Lion, the AFI Life Achievement Award, Presidential Medal of Freedom, and has been nominated for six BAFTA Awards, four Primetime Emmy Awards, and four Screen Actors Guild Awards. He also has Italian citizenship.De Niro was cast as the young Vito Corleone in the 1974 film The Godfather Part II; he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. His longtime collaboration with director Martin Scorsese earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Jake LaMotta in the 1980 film Raging Bull.\nDe Niro's first major film roles were in the sports drama Bang the Drum Slowly (1973) and Scorsese's crime film Mean Streets (1973). He earned Academy Award nominations for the psychological thrillers Taxi Driver (1976) and Cape Fear (1991), both directed by Scorsese. De Niro received additional nominations for Michael Cimino's Vietnam war drama The Deer Hunter (1978), Penny Marshall's drama Awakenings (1990), and David O. Russell's romantic comedy-drama Silver Linings Playbook (2012). He earned BAFTA Award nominations for playing Rupert Pupkin in the black comedy The King of Comedy (1983) and gangster Jimmy Conway in the crime film Goodfellas (1990).De Niro has earned four nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, for his work in the musical drama New York, New York (1977), the action comedy Midnight Run (1988), the gangster comedy Analyze This (1999), and the comedy Meet the Parents (2000). Other notable performances include roles in 1900 (1976), The Last Tycoon (1976), Once Upon a Time in America (1984), Brazil (1985), The Mission (1986), The Untouchables (1987), This Boy's Life (1993), Heat (1995), Casino (1995), Jackie Brown (1997), Ronin (1998), Joker (2019), and The Irishman (2019). He has directed and starred in films such as the crime drama A Bronx Tale (1993) and the spy film The Good Shepherd (2006).", "Q633448": "Geelong Grammar School is an independent Anglican co-educational boarding and day school. The school's main campus is located in Corio on the northern outskirts of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, overlooking Corio Bay and Limeburners Bay.\nEstablished in 1855 under the auspices of the Church of England, Geelong Grammar School has a non-selective enrolment policy and currently caters for approximately 1,500 students from Pre-school to Year 12, including 800 boarders from Years 5 to 12. The school's fees are the most expensive in Australia based on a comparison of Year 12 student fees.Geelong Grammar School is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Australian Boarding Schools' Association (ABSA), the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Association of Independent Schools of Victoria (AISV), and is a founding member of the Associated Public Schools of Victoria (APSV). The school is also a member of the G20 Schools Group. The school has offered the International Baccalaureate (IB) since February 1997.", "Q49145": "New Haven is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, and is part of the New York metropolitan area. With a population of 129,779 as determined by the 2010 United States Census, it is the second-largest city in Connecticut after Bridgeport. New Haven is the principal municipality of Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010.New Haven was the first planned city in America. A year after its founding by English Puritans in 1638, eight streets were laid out in a four-by-four grid, creating what is commonly known as the \"Nine Square Plan\". The central common block is the New Haven Green, a 16-acre (6 ha) square at the center of Downtown New Haven. The Green is now a National Historic Landmark, and the \"Nine Square Plan\" is recognized by the American Planning Association as a National Planning Landmark.New Haven is the home of Yale University. As New Haven's biggest taxpayer and employer, Yale serves as an integral part of the city's economy. Health care (hospitals and biotechnology), professional services (legal, architectural, marketing, and engineering), financial services, and retail trade also contribute to the city's economic activity.\nThe city served as co-capital of Connecticut from 1701 until 1873, when sole governance was transferred to the more centrally located city of Hartford. New Haven has since billed itself as the \"Cultural Capital of Connecticut\" for its supply of established theaters, museums, and music venues. New Haven had the first public tree planting program in America, producing a canopy of mature trees (including some large elms) that gave the city the nickname \"The Elm City\".\n\n", "Q110960": "Alfred Sittard (4 November 1878 \u2013\u2013 31 March 1942) was a German cantor, composer of church music and one of the most important organists of his time.", "Q262396": "Amanda Lee Williford (born January 22, 1981), known by her stage name Willa Ford, is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, model, television personality and film actress. She released her debut album, Willa Was Here, in 2001. Ford also has appeared in movies such as Friday the 13th (2009), hosted several reality television shows, posed for Playboy and competed on ABC's Dancing with the Stars.", "Q450619": "Diana Vreeland (September 29, 1903 \u2013 August 22, 1989) was a noted columnist and editor in the field of fashion. She worked for the fashion magazines Harper's Bazaar and Vogue, being the editor-in-chief of the latter, and as a special consultant at the Costume Institute of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. She was named on the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1964.", "Q2793815": "Cornelius Jonah Vanderbilt IV (April 30, 1898 \u2013 July 7, 1974) was a newspaper publisher, journalist, author and military officer. He was an outcast of high society who was disinherited by his parents when he became a newspaper publisher. He desired to live a \"normal\" life but was burdened by large debt and could not maintain the lifestyle associated with his family's social position.", "Q204013": "Otto Kruger (September 6, 1885 \u2013 September 6, 1974) was an American actor, originally a Broadway matinee idol, who established a niche as a charming villain in films, such as Hitchcock's Saboteur. He also appeared in CBS's Perry Mason and other TV series. He was the grandnephew of South African president Paul Kruger.", "Q705850": "Liu Binyan (Chinese: \u5218\u5bbe\u96c1; pinyin: Li\u00fa B\u012bny\u00e0n; February 7, 1925 \u2013 December 5, 2005) was a Chinese author, journalist, and political dissident.\nMany of the events in Liu's life are recounted in his memoir, A Higher Kind of Loyalty.", "Q64969": "Guggisberg (Bernese German Guggishb\u00e4rg [\u02c8g\u028akisb\u00e6rg]) is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the Swiss canton of Bern.", "Q1312312": "Hersekzade or Hersekli Ahmed Pasha(\"Ahmed Pasha, son of the Herzog\"; Bosnian: Ahmed-pa\u0161a Hercegovi\u0107; A\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0434-\u043f\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; 1459 \u2013 21 July 1517) was an Ottoman general and statesman, known in his youth as Stjepan Hercegovi\u0107.\nStjepan was born into the Kosa\u010da family in c. 1459. He was the third son of Stjepan Vuk\u010di\u0107 Kosa\u010da, Duke of Saint Sava, the most powerful noblemen in the Kingdom of Bosnia. Stjepan's half-siblings from his father's first marriage included Queen Katarina, wife of King Stjepan Toma\u0161, and Vladislav Hercegovi\u0107, their father's successor. Stjepan's family belonged to the Bosnian Church, but were \"shaky Christians\" like most of their countrymen; his half-sister converted to Roman Catholicism upon marriage, while Stjepan himself adopted Islam and changed his name to Ahmed after moving to Constantinople in about 1473. Hersekli Ahmed Pasha was a five-time Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire and Grand Admiral to the sultan, serving five times as Grand Vizier in the period from 1497 to 1515. He was married in 1484 to Hundi Hatun, the daughter of Sultan Bayezid II, and he left descendants. He died on 21 July 1517 of natural causes, toward the end of the reign of Selim I.", "Q340123": "Song Qian (Chinese: \u5b8b\u831c; born February 2, 1987), known professionally as Victoria or Victoria Song, is a Chinese singer, dancer, actress, model, television presenter and author active in South Korea and China. She debuted as a member of South Korean girl group f(x) in September 2009.\nIn 2010, Song gained fame as part of We Got Married Season 2, as well as being a cast member of KBS's Invincible Youth. She is also known for her roles in television series When Love Walked In (2012), Beautiful Secret (2015), Ice Fantasy (2016), A Life Time Love (2017), Moonshine and Valentine (2018); and the films My New Sassy Girl (2016) and My Best Friend's Wedding (2016).Song ranked 74th on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2017, and 41st in 2019.", "Q384607": "John Lacy (c. 1615? \u2013 17 September 1681) was an English comic actor and playwright during the Restoration era. In his own time he gained a reputation as \"the greatest comedian of his day\" and was the favourite comic of King Charles II.", "Q44461": "Richard Dawkins (born Clinton Richard Dawkins) is an English ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and author. He is an emeritus fellow of New College, Oxford, and was the University of Oxford's Professor for Public Understanding of Science from 1995 until 2008.\nDawkins first came to prominence with his 1976 book The Selfish Gene, which popularised the gene-centred view of evolution and introduced the term meme. With his book The Extended Phenotype (1982), he introduced into evolutionary biology the influential concept that the phenotypic effects of a gene are not necessarily limited to an organism's body, but can stretch far into the environment. In 2006, he founded the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science.\nDawkins is known as an outspoken atheist. He is well known for his criticism of creationism and intelligent design. In The Blind Watchmaker (1986), he argues against the watchmaker analogy, an argument for the existence of a supernatural creator based upon the complexity of living organisms. Instead, he describes evolutionary processes as analogous to a blind watchmaker, in that reproduction, mutation, and selection are unguided by any designer. In The God Delusion (2006), Dawkins contends that a supernatural creator almost certainly does not exist and that religious faith is a delusion.\nDawkins has been awarded academic and writing awards, and he makes television, radio, and Internet appearances, predominantly discussing his books, atheism, and his ideas and opinions as a public intellectual.\n\n", "Q384161": "Carlos Miguel Quintas Martins (born April 9, 1951 in Faro) is a Portuguese stage and television actor and singer.\nCarlos Quintas turned professional in 1975. Having an acting career simultaneously with being singer until 1982, he then devoted himself exclusively to the theater.\nQuintas has appeared in more than 50 plays by many different authors and styles. He worked at Portugal's Teatro Nacional D. Maria II and is noted for his appearances in musicals such as Godspell, Annie, A Severa, Amalia, My Fair Lady, The Sound of Music, and West Side Story.\nHe has also appeared in soap operas and sitcoms for the Portuguese TV, including \"A Visita da Corn\u00e9lia\", \"E O Resto s\u00e3o Cantigas\", \"A Festa de S\u00e1bado \u00e1 Noite\", \"A Festa Continua\", \"Piano Bar\", \"1,2,3\", \"Sabadabadu\", \"Noite de Reis\" and \"Roda da Sorte\". In late 2009, he played the role of Armando del Carlo in the musical La Cage aux Folles by Filipe la Feria, in Teatro Rivoli in Porto.", "Q254142": "Ekaterina Sergeevna Maximova (Russian: \u0415\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430; 1 February 1939 \u2013 28 April 2009) was a Soviet and Russian ballerina of international renown.", "Q327806": "Redhead (German: Die Rote, Italian: La rossa) is a 1962 West German-Italian drama film directed by Helmut K\u00e4utner. It was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q166148": "Tom Amandes (born March 9, 1959) is an American actor. His best-known role to date is that of the role of Dr. Harold \"Hal\" Abbott on The WB Drama series Everwood, and as Eliot Ness in the 1990s version of The Untouchables TV series. He also played Geena Davis' boyfriend in The Long Kiss Goodnight, and Abraham Lincoln in the 2012 film Saving Lincoln.\n\n", "Q1878719": "Lyman James Briggs (May 7, 1874 \u2013 March 25, 1963) was an American engineer, physicist and administrator. He was a director of the National Bureau of Standards during the Great Depression and chairman of the Uranium Committee before America entered the Second World War. The Lyman Briggs College at Michigan State University is named in his honor.", "Q202304": "Jason Jordan Segel (; born January 18, 1980) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, singer, and producer. He is best known for his role as Marshall Eriksen in the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother, as well as for his work with producer Judd Apatow on the television series Freaks and Geeks and Undeclared, and for the critically and commercially successful comedies he has starred in, written, and produced.\nSegel has starred in several films, including Knocked Up (2007), Forgetting Sarah Marshall (2008), I Love You, Man (2009), Despicable Me (2010), Bad Teacher (2011), Jeff, Who Lives at Home (2011), The Muppets (2011), The Five-Year Engagement (2012), This Is 40 (2012), Sex Tape (2014) and The Discovery (2017). His performance as the late author David Foster Wallace in the 2015 film The End of the Tour was met with critical acclaim, earning him a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead. In 2012, Segel was named the Hasty Pudding Man of the Year.", "Q6761": "Livorno (Italian: [li\u02c8vorno] (listen)) is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western coast of Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno, having a population of 158,493 residents in December 2017. It is traditionally known in English as Leghorn (pronounced leg-ORN, LEG-horn or LEG-\u0259rn).", "Q96241": "Max Friedl\u00e4nder (18 June 1829, Pless, Upper Silesia - 20 April 1872, Nice) was a German-Austrian journalist.\nAfter studying law like his cousin Ferdinand Lasalle at the universities of Berlin, Breslau, and Heidelberg, he became assessor at the city court of Breslau, and while holding this position he published his book on copyright, Der Ausl\u00e4ndische und Einheimische Rechtsschutz Gegen Nachdruck und Nachbildung, Leipzig, 1857. He began his journalistic career in 1856 by contributing to the Vienna Presse, and soon afterward moved to Vienna to become a member of the editorial staff of that paper, his articles on political economy and finance attracting the attention of influential statesmen and financiers.\nAfter the Italian war Friedl\u00e4nder conducted a successful journalistic campaign against the policy of Schmerling, and advocated strongly the granting of a liberal constitution. In September, 1864, he founded the Neue Freie Presse, of which publication he remained editor-in-chief until his death.", "Q131010": "Augusto Bernardino Legu\u00eda y Salcedo (February 19, 1863 \u2013 February 6, 1932) was a Peruvian politician who served as the 43rd (1908 - 1912), the 44th and the first year of the 45th (1919 - 1930) President of Peru.\n\n", "Q99172": "V\u00e1clav Havel Airport Prague (Czech: Leti\u0161t\u011b V\u00e1clava Havla Praha), formerly Prague Ruzyn\u011b International Airport (Czech: Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b Praha-Ruzyn\u011b, Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8pra\u0266a \u02c8ruz\u026a\u0272\u025b]) (IATA: PRG, ICAO: LKPR), is the international airport of Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. The airport was founded in 1937, when it replaced the Kbely Airport (founded in 1918). It was reconstructed and extended in 1956, 1968, 1997, and 2006. In 2012, it was renamed after the last president of Czechoslovakia and the first President of Czech Republic V\u00e1clav Havel. It is located in the edge of Prague-Ruzyn\u011b area, next to Kn\u011b\u017eeves village, 12 km (7 mi) west of the centre of Prague and 12 km (7 mi) southeast of the city Kladno.\nIn 2018 it served around 17 million passengers (expecting 18 million in 2019). It serves as a hub for Czech Airlines and Smartwings, and is also a base for Ryanair.", "Q356027": "Octave Levenspiel (January 1, 1926 \u2013 March 5, 2017) was a professor of chemical engineering at Oregon State University (OSU). His principal interest was chemical reaction engineering, and he was the author of a major textbook Chemical Reaction Engineering as well as numerous research publications.", "Q1076638": "The free software movement is a social movement with the goal of obtaining and guaranteeing certain freedoms for software users, namely the freedom to run the software, to study and change the software, and to redistribute copies with or without changes. Although drawing on traditions and philosophies among members of the 1970s hacker culture and academia, Richard Stallman formally founded the movement in 1983 by launching the GNU Project. Stallman later established the Free Software Foundation in 1985 to support the movement.\n\n", "Q63960": "Manfred Schnelldorfer (born 2 May 1943) is a German former figure skater. He is the 1964 Olympic champion, the 1964 World champion, and an eight-time German national champion.\n\n", "Q1138543": "Craig Lee Fuller (born July 18, 1949) is an American musician and songwriter. Co-founder of Pure Prairie League, along with John David Call and George Powell. Fuller departed in 1973 after their second album, Bustin' Out, due to draft board problems. He returned to the music business in 1976 for two LPs with American Flyer. After American Flyer dissolved, Fuller returned to record one LP with former Flyer member Eric Kaz. \nIn 1987 Fuller was hired by Little Feat to front the band, who had long ago noticed an uncanny resemblance in his voice to that of their late founder and frontman, Lowell George. Fuller's first LP with the band was Let It Roll. He recorded two further albums with Little Feat before leaving the band in 1993. He made a guest appearance on their 1996 live album Live From Neon Park. He is one of several guest artists on Little Feat's 2008 album Join the Band duetting with percussionist Sam Clayton on the Lowell George classic \"Spanish Moon\".\nFuller reformed Pure Prairie League in 1998. This incarnation recorded one album, All In Good Time, released in 2005.\nFuller opened for and sat in with Little Feat on New Year's Eve 2011 at the Fillmore in Silver Spring, MD when the band performed their live album Waiting For Columbus in its entirety.", "Q49623": "The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) is the founding and ruling political party of North Korea. It is the largest party represented in the Supreme People's Assembly and coexists de jure with two other legal parties making up the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland. However, these minor parties are completely subservient to the WPK, and must accept the WPK's \"leading role\" as a condition of their existence.\nWPK was founded in 1949 with the merger of the Workers' Party of North Korea and the Workers' Party of South Korea. The WPK also controls the Korean People's Army. WPK (and all of the other parties in the DPRK) remains illegal in South Korea under South Korea's own National Security Act and is sanctioned by Australia, the European Union, the United Nations and the United States.The WPK is organized according to the Monolithic Ideological System and the Great Leader, a system and theory conceived by Kim Yong-ju and Kim Jong-il. The highest body of the WPK is formally the Congress, but in practice a Congress occurs infrequently. Between 1980 and 2016, there were no congresses held. Although the WPK is organizationally similar to communist parties, in practice it is far less institutionalized and informal politics plays a larger role than usual. Institutions such as the Central Committee, the Executive Policy Bureau, the Central Military Commission (CMC), the Politburo and the Politburo's Presidium have much less power than that formally bestowed on them by the party's charter, which is little more than a nominal document. Kim Jong-un is the current WPK leader, serving as Chairman and CMC chairman.\nThe WPK is committed to Juche, an ideology which has been described as a combination of collectivism and nationalism; and at the 4th Conference (held in 2012), the party charter was amended to state that Kimilsungism\u2013Kimjongilism was \"the only guiding idea of the party\". At the 3rd Conference (held in 2010), the WPK removed a sentence from the preamble which expressed the party's commitment \"to building a communist society\", replacing it with a new adherence to Songun, the \"military-first\" policies developed by Kim Jong-il. The 2009 revision had already removed all references to communism. Party ideology has recently focused on perceived imperialist enemies of the party and state; and on legitimizing the Kim family's dominance of the political system. Before the rise of Juche and later Songun, the party was committed to Marxist\u2013Leninist thought as well, with its importance becoming greatly diminished over time.\nThe party's emblem is an adaptation of the communist hammer and sickle, with a traditional Korean calligraphy brush. The symbols represent the industrial workers (hammer), peasants (sickle) and intelligentsia (ink brush).", "Q77915": "Count Baltzar Bogislaus von Platen (29 May 1766 \u2013 6 December 1829) was a Swedish naval officer and statesman. He was born on the island of R\u00fcgen (now Germany) to Philip Julius Bernhard von Platen, Field Marshal and the Swedish Governor General of Pomerania, and Regina Juliana von Usedom.", "Q536588": "Clifton George Bailey III (born 13 April 1967), better known by the stage name Capleton, is a Jamaican reggae and dancehall artist. He is also referred to as King Shango, King David, The Fireman and The Prophet. His record label is called David House Productions. He is known for his Rastafari movement views expressed in his songs.", "Q964653": "Carter Anthony Beauford (born November 2, 1958) is an American drummer, percussionist, and founding member of Dave Matthews Band. He is known for his ability to adapt to a variety of genres, and both his ambidextrous and his open-handed drumming styles. He plays the drums and sings backing vocals in the band. Beauford was ranked number 10 by a Rolling Stone magazine reader's poll in 2010 for greatest drummers of all-time.", "Q707921": "Jeremy Thomas Camp (born January 12, 1978) is an American contemporary Christian music singer and songwriter from Lafayette, Indiana. Camp has released eleven albums, four of them RIAA-certified as Gold, and two live albums. His original music is a mixture of ballads and up-tempo songs with rock influence. Camp has won five GMA Dove Awards, has been nominated for three American Music Awards, and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album in 2010 for his album, Speaking Louder Than Before. I Still Believe, a film based on Camp's first marriage, was released on March 13, 2020.", "Q4176": "Cologne Cathedral (German: K\u00f6lner Dom, officially Hohe Domkirche Sankt Petrus, English: Cathedral Church of Saint Peter) is a Catholic cathedral in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Cologne and of the administration of the Archdiocese of Cologne. It is a renowned monument of German Catholicism and Gothic architecture and was declared a World Heritage Site in 1996. It is Germany's most visited landmark, attracting an average of 20,000 people a day. At 157 m (515 ft), the cathedral is currently the tallest twin-spired church in the world, the second tallest church in Europe after Ulm Minster, and the third tallest church in the world.\nIt is the largest Gothic church in Northern Europe and has the second-tallest spires. The towers for its two huge spires give the cathedral the largest fa\u00e7ade of any church in the world. The choir has the largest height to width ratio, 3.6:1, of any medieval church.Construction of Cologne Cathedral began in 1248 but was halted in 1473, unfinished. Work did not restart until the 1840s, and the edifice was completed to its original Medieval plan in 1880.Cologne's medieval builders had planned a grand structure to house the reliquary of the Three Kings and fit its role as a place of worship for the Holy Roman Emperor. Despite having been left incomplete during the medieval period, Cologne Cathedral eventually became unified as \"a masterpiece of exceptional intrinsic value\" and \"a powerful testimony to the strength and persistence of Christian belief in medieval and modern Europe\".", "Q526943": "Margaret Lee (born Margaret Gwendolyn Box; 4 August 1943) is a British actress who was a popular leading lady in Italian films in the 1960s and 1970s. She is the mother of production manager/producer Roberto Malerba (from her marriage to Gino Malerba) and production coordinator Damian Anderson.", "Q229181": "Viola Davis (born August 11, 1965) is an American actress and producer. Having won an Academy Award, an Emmy Award, and two Tony Awards, she is the first black thespian to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting. Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012 and 2017.Born in St. Matthews, South Carolina, Davis began her acting career in Central Falls, Rhode Island, starring in minor theater productions. After graduating from the Juilliard School in 1993, she won an Obie Award in 1999 for her performance as Ruby McCollum in Everybody's Ruby. She played minor roles in several films and television series in the late 1990s and early 2000s, before winning the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her role as Tonya in August Wilson's King Hedley II in 2001. Davis's film breakthrough came in 2008, when her role as a troubled mother in Doubt earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.\nGreater success came to Davis in the 2010s. She won the 2010 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for playing Rose Maxson in the revival of August Wilson's play Fences. For starring as a 1960s housemaid in the comedy-drama The Help (2011), Davis received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won a SAG Award. In 2014, Davis began playing lawyer Annalise Keating in the ABC television drama series How to Get Away with Murder, and in 2015, she became the first black woman to win the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. In 2016, Davis played Amanda Waller in the superhero film Suicide Squad and reprised the role of Maxson in the film adaptation of Fences, winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She went on to receive a BAFTA nomination for starring in the heist film Widows (2018).\nDavis and her husband, Julius Tennon, are founders of a production company, JuVee Productions. Davis is also widely recognized for her advocacy and support of human rights and equal rights for women and women of color. She identifies as a feminist.", "Q333873": "Valentin Petrovich Kataev (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0432; also spelled Katayev or Kataiev; 28 January [O.S. 16 January] 1897 \u2013 12 April 1986) was a Russian and Soviet novelist and playwright who managed to create penetrating works discussing post-revolutionary social conditions without running afoul of the demands of official Soviet style. Kataev is credited with suggesting the idea for The Twelve Chairs to his brother Yevgeni Petrov and Ilya Ilf. In return, Kataev insisted that the novel be dedicated to him, in all editions and translations. Kataev's relentless imagination, sensitivity, and originality made him one of the most distinguished Soviet writers.", "Q387468": "Lo chiameremo Andrea (also known as We'll Call Him Andrew) is a 1972 Italian comedy film directed by Vittorio De Sica.", "Q1062659": "Lantis Company, Limited (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30e9\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9, Kabushiki gaisha Rantisu) was a Japanese company that specialized as a music publisher label for Japanese musicians, anime soundtracks and video game soundtracks. It was established on November 26, 1999, and in May 2006, it was bought by, and became subsidized into Bandai Visual, an animation subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings. In February 2018, it was announced Lantis would be merged with its parent company Bandai Visual into a new branch of BNH, called Bandai Namco Arts. The reorganizing took effect as of April 1, 2018. Lantis only remains as a label from the new company.", "Q282276": "Dracula's Daughter is a 1936 American vampire horror film produced by Universal Pictures as a sequel to the 1931 film Dracula. Directed by Lambert Hillyer from a screenplay by Garrett Fort, the film stars Otto Kruger, Gloria Holden in the title role, Marguerite Churchill and features, as the only cast member to return from the original, Edward Van Sloan \u2013 although his character's name was altered from \"Van Helsing\" to \"Von Helsing\".\nDracula's Daughter tells the story of Countess Marya Zaleska, the daughter of Count Dracula and herself a vampire. Following Dracula's death, she believes that by destroying his body she will be free of his influence and live normally. When this fails, she turns to a psychiatrist, Dr. Jeffrey Garth (Otto Kruger). The Countess kidnaps Dr. Garth's fianc\u00e9e, Janet (Marguerite Churchill), and takes her to Transylvania, leading to a battle between Dr. Garth and the Countess in an attempt by him to save Janet.\nOstensibly based on a deleted chapter from Bram Stoker's novel Dracula \u2013 published in 1937 as a short story under the name \"Dracula's Guest\" \u2013 the film bears no resemblance to the source material. Modern sources also say that the film was loosely based on Carmilla, an 1872 Gothic novella by Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu, which is often cited as the first published British work of fiction to deal with lesbian relationships.David O. Selznick purchased the rights to the Stoker material for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, but Universal bought them in 1934, with the rights to revert to MGM if Universal did not begin production by October 1935, a date later extended to February 1936. Universal rushed the show into production in that month, with the script only partially completed, in order to meet this deadline. The film was first assigned to James Whale, but Universal production head Carl Laemmle, Jr. finally put Hillyer in the director's chair.\nWhile not as successful as the original upon its release, the film was generally well-reviewed. In the intervening decades, criticism has been deeply divided. Contemporary critics and scholars have noted the film's alleged lesbian overtones, which Universal exploited in some early advertising.", "Q314200": "Mark Alan Dacascos (born February 26, 1964) is an American actor and martial artist. He won numerous karate and kung fu championships between the ages of 7 and 18. He is best known for his roles as Mani in Brotherhood of the Wolf, Toby Wong in Drive, Ling in Cradle 2 the Grave, the titular role in Crying Freeman and Zero in John Wick: Chapter 3 \u2013 Parabellum.\nBeginning in January 2005, Dacascos played \"The Chairman\" on Food Network's Iron Chef America. The character was previously played by Takeshi Kaga in the original Japanese version. His other roles include Wo Fat on the CBS series Hawaii Five-0, Kung Lao in the web series Mortal Kombat: Legacy, Eric Draven in The Crow: Stairway to Heaven and Eubulon in Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight. He also competed in the ninth season of Dancing with the Stars.", "Q77901": "Hugo Eberlein (4 May 1887 \u2013 16 October 1941) was a German Communist politician. He took part of the founding congress of the Communist Party of Germany (Dec-Jan 1919), and then in the First Congress of the Comintern (2\u20136 March 1919), where he held important posts until 1928, the result of his involvement with the Conciliator faction. When the Nazis took power in Germany in 1933, Eberlein fled to the Soviet Union, where he found refuge at the Hotel Lux. In July 1937 he fell under the Stalinist terror. In January 1938 he was interrogated and tortured for ten days and nights. In April 1938 he was taken to Lefortovo Prison, where he was tortured for weeks at a time; then in 1939 he was sentenced to 15 years in the Vorkuta Gulag. He was returned to Moscow in 1941, when he was tried and sentenced again, and was shot on 16 October 1941. Hugo Eberlein was later rehabilitated and became a national hero in East Germany; his name was even borne by a guard regiment of the National People's Army.", "Q49637": "Roger Nimier (31 October 1925 \u2013 28 September 1962) was a French novelist.", "Q68821": "Coeuve is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q200507": "Paul Konrad Muller (official name Paul Konrad M\u00fcller; born 11 March 1923 in Neuch\u00e2tel) is a Swiss actor who has appeared mostly in Italian films. His motion picture acting career in Europe spanned a period of 51 years.", "Q432088": "Maurice is a 1987 British romantic drama film directed by James Ivory, based on the novel Maurice by E. M. Forster. The film stars James Wilby as Maurice, Hugh Grant as Clive and Rupert Graves as Alec. The supporting cast includes Denholm Elliott as Dr Barry, Simon Callow as Mr Ducie, Billie Whitelaw as Mrs Hall, and Ben Kingsley as Lasker-Jones.\nThe film was produced by Ismail Merchant via Merchant Ivory Productions and Film Four International, and written by Ivory and Kit Hesketh-Harvey, with cinematography by Pierre Lhomme. It is a tale of gay love in the restrictive and repressed culture of Edwardian England. The story follows its main character, Maurice Hall, through university, a tumultuous relationship, struggling to fit into society, and ultimately being united with his life partner.", "Q239386": "Agnes von Krusenstjerna (October 9, 1894 \u2013 March 10, 1940) was a Swedish writer and noble. She was a controversial writer whose books challenged the moral standards of the day and was the center of a great literary controversy of the freedom of speech.\n\n", "Q1601827": "Helen Cornelius (born Helen Lorene Johnson; December 6, 1941) is an American country singer-songwriter and actress, best remembered for a series of hit duets with Jim Ed Brown, many of which reached the U.S. country singles top ten during the late 1970s and early 1980s.\n\n", "Q44313": "Steve Austin (born Steven James Anderson; December 18, 1964; later Steven James Williams), better known by the ring name Stone Cold Steve Austin, is an American actor, producer, television host, and retired professional wrestler.\nAustin enjoyed a successful career as \"Stunning\" Steve Austin in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) from 1991 to 1995. After a brief stint in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) in late 1995, he signed with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) as The Ringmaster. Rebranded as \"Stone Cold\" Steve Austin the following year, he gained significant mainstream popularity as a brazen, vulgar, beer-drinking antihero who routinely defied the establishment and his boss, company chairman Vince McMahon. This persona of Austin's became the \"poster boy\" of the Attitude Era, a boom period in WWF business in the late 1990s and early 2000s. He also introduced the long-standing \"What?\" chant in professional wrestling. Some prominent industry figures, including McMahon, have declared Austin to be the biggest star in WWF/WWE history and stressed that he surpassed the popularity of Hulk Hogan. Veteran professional wrestling journalist Wade Keller remarked that Austin is \"in every conversation for the greatest wrestling act of all time\", as well as for \"the most profitable and the most influential\".Austin held 19 championships throughout his wrestling career, as he is a six-time WWF World Heavyweight Champion, a two-time Intercontinental Champion and a four-time WWF Tag Team Champion\u2014thus making him the fifth Triple Crown Champion in WWE history\u2014while also being a two-time WCW United States Heavyweight Champion, a two-time WCW World Television Champion, a one-time WCW World Tag Team Champion and a one-time NWA World Tag Team Champion in WCW. He was also the winner of the 1996 King of the Ring tournament as well as the 1997, 1998 and 2001 Royal Rumbles, making him the only three-time winner of the event. Furthermore, he was awarded the unsanctioned Million Dollar Championship by Ted DiBiase.\nAustin has main evented multiple pay-per-view events for the WWE, including three WrestleManias (XIV, XV and X-Seven). He was forced to retire from in-ring competition in 2003 due to a series of knee injuries and a serious neck injury. Throughout the rest of 2003 and 2004, he was featured as the Co-General Manager and Sheriff of Raw. Since 2005, he has continued to make occasional appearances and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2009 by Vince McMahon. In 2011, Austin returned to WWE to host the reboot of the reality series Tough Enough.\n\n", "Q946380": "The All-Russian Central Executive Committee (Russian: \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, tr. Vserossiysky Centralny Ispolnitelny Komitet, VTsIK) was the highest legislative, administrative and revising body of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR) from 1917 until 1937. Although the All-Russian Congress of Soviets had supreme authority, in periods between its sessions its powers were passed to VTsIK.", "Q983962": "Alfr\u0113ds Bruno J\u0101nis Kalni\u0146\u0161 (23 August 1879 in C\u0113sis, Governorate of Livonia \u2013 23 December 1951 in Riga, Latvian SSR) was a Latvian composer, organist, pedagogue, music critic and conductor; the founder of national Latvian opera. Kalni\u0146\u0161 is primarily remembered for his national opera Ba\u0146uta (1920).", "Q80437": "The Game of Their Lives (released on DVD as The Miracle Match) is a 2005 American drama film directed by David Anspaugh. The screenplay by Angelo Pizzo is based on the book of the same title by Geoffrey Douglas.\n\n", "Q2662152": "Jerry Michael Reinsdorf (born February 25, 1936) is a CPA, lawyer and an owner of the NBA's Chicago Bulls and the MLB's Chicago White Sox. He started his professional life as a tax attorney with the Internal Revenue Service. He has been the head of the White Sox and Bulls for over 35 years.\nHe made his initial fortune in real estate, taking advantage of the Frank Lyon Co. v. United States decision by the United States Supreme Court which allowed economic owners of realty to sell property and lease it back, while transferring the tax deduction for depreciation to the title owner.\nAs the owner and chairman of the Chicago Bulls since 1985, he has turned the franchise into a lucrative business that won six NBA Championships in the 1990s (1991\u20131993 and 1996\u20131998). He is controversial for his involvement (along with Jerry Krause) in breaking up the championship team by not hiring back Phil Jackson. He hired Michael Jordan as a baseball player during his sabbatical from basketball. He also moved the Bulls from Chicago Stadium to the United Center.\nSince purchasing the White Sox in 1981, the franchise made the playoffs in 1983 for the first time since 1959, and won the World Series in 2005 for the first time since 1917. Reinsdorf moved the White Sox from Comiskey Park to New Comiskey Park in 1991, which was renamed U.S. Cellular Field in 2003, and once again to Guaranteed Rate Field in 2016. In both sporting endeavors, he has developed a reputation as an anti-labor union hardliner. Since the early 1990s, he has been considered one of the most, if not the most, influential basketball owners. He has been influential in instituting the salary cap and revenue sharing.\nOn April 4, 2016, Reinsdorf was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a contributor.", "Q5890034": "The Residents are an American art collective best known for their avant-garde music and multimedia works. Since their first official release, Meet the Residents (1974), the group has released over sixty albums, numerous music videos and short films, three CD-ROM projects, and ten DVDs. They have undertaken seven major world tours and scored multiple films. Pioneers in exploring the potential of CD-ROM and similar technologies, the Residents have won several awards for their multimedia projects. Ralph Records, a record label focusing on avant-garde music, was started by the band in 1972.\nThroughout the group's existence, the individual members have ostensibly attempted to operate under anonymity, preferring instead to have attention focused on their art output. Much outside speculation and rumor has focused on this aspect of the group. In public, the group appears silent and costumed, often wearing eyeball helmets, top hats and tails\u2014a long-lasting costume now recognized as its signature iconography. In 2017, Hardy Fox, long known to be associated with the Residents, identified himself as the band's co-founder and primary composer; he died in 2018.\nThe Residents' albums generally fall into two categories: deconstructions of Western popular music, and complex conceptual pieces composed around a theme, theory, or plot. The group is noted for surrealistic lyrics and sound, with a disregard for conventional music composition.", "Q96255": "Eduard Wilhelm Sievers, born March 19, 1820 in Hamburg, died December 9, 1894 in Gotha, was a German Shakespeare scholar and professor in Gotha.\nSievers descended from a hanseatic merchant family. He was cousin of the historian Gottlob Reinhold Sievers and uncle of the geographer Wilhelm Sievers. He studied in Gotha, Berlin and Bonn before earning his Ph.D. in 1842 in Erlangen with De Odrysarum imperio commentatio. After some time teaching at the Johanneum in Hamburg he started in 1845 at the Ernestinum in Gotha.\nSievers published German translations of William Shakespeare's plays and poems along with books about Shakespeare's works.", "Q679555": "V\u00e1\u0161a P\u0159\u00edhoda (22 August 1900 \u2013 26 July 1960) was a Czech violinist, considered a Paganini specialist, and his recording of the Violin Concerto in A minor by Dvo\u0159\u00e1k is still praised.\n\nV\u00e1\u0161a P\u0159\u00edhoda was born in Vod\u0148any in 1900. His father, Alois P\u0159\u00edhoda, was his first teacher and remained so for ten years. V\u00e1\u0161a studied privately with Jan Ma\u0159\u00e1k (a student of Otakar \u0160ev\u010d\u00edk), making his first public concert at age 13, playing the 4th Violin Concerto by Mozart. At age 19 a tour of Italy proved unsuccessful; poverty-stricken, he joined the orchestra of the Caf\u00e9 Grand\u2019Italia in Milan to earn money.\nThere, he was heard by chance by Arturo Toscanini, who arranged a benefit concert for him. He resumed his Italian tour, this time to great success. He was said to have been given Niccol\u00f2 Paganini's own violin on which to play. He toured Brazil and the United States in 1920, and the USA again in 1921. He once shared the stage of the Royal Albert Hall with Pablo Casals, but the pairing was considered unfortunate.P\u0159\u00edhoda concertized extensively all over the world and made a number of recordings when the industry was in its infancy. Unfortunately, some of his recordings were not well-produced so the sound quality is poor. He played in the U.S. many times.He married violinist Alma Ros\u00e9 in 1930, but they divorced in March 1935 in Czechoslovakia. His second wife was also Jewish.\nHe appeared in two films in 1936: A Woman Between Two Worlds and The Love of the Maharaja. During World War II he taught at the Mozarteum in Salzburg. As he had continued to perform in Germany and German-occupied territories after the Nazi invasion of Czechoslovakia, he was briefly charged with collaboration after the war, and censured by the Czech government.He later taught at the Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts in Vienna, where his students included Friedrich Cerha. His students also included the cellist Jascha Silberstein. Vienna was his base of operations for many years though he taught in Prague, Munich, and Salzburg as well.After 1950, he dedicated most of his time to teaching and he also composed small chamber works, which are no longer played. In 1946 he left Czechoslovakia with his family. He moved in 1946 to Rapallo in Italy and then, in 1948, to Turkey, taking Turkish nationality.He returned to Czechoslovakia in 1956. This comeback was received most enthusiastically in Prague. He played recitals with pianist Alfred Hole\u010dek in the Rudolfinum Music Hall, and performed Dvo\u0159\u00e1k's Violin Concerto in Smetana Hall of the Municipal House during the Prague Spring Festival.P\u0159\u00edhoda composed his own cadenzas to all the concertos he played. He gave his last concerts in April 1960 and died of heart disease on 26 July 1960, aged 59.He also wrote a number of minor pieces, such as Slawische Melodie, Caprice and S\u00e9r\u00e9nade, some of which he recorded. He wrote cadenzas to the Beethoven Violin Concerto in D major, which have been recorded by Josef Suk.", "Q81729": "Radeberg is a small town in the district of Bautzen, Saxony, Germany. It is located approximately 20 kilometres north-east of Dresden. The town has an Evangelical and a Roman Catholic church, and an old castle.\n\n", "Q151928": "Betsy Jones-Moreland (born Mary Elizabeth Jones, April 1, 1930 \u2013 May 1, 2006) was an American actress.\nJones-Moreland was born in Brooklyn, New York, and worked in secretarial jobs before she became an entertainer.Jones-Moreland acted on stage, including being a member of the newly formed Valley Playhouse in Woodland Hills, California, in 1958 and the Players Ring Theater in Los Angeles in 1960. She also appeared in The Solid Gold Cadillac on Broadway and in the touring company that presented that play across the United States.She began her film career in small roles in the mid-1950s, appearing in several Roger Corman films, including a lead role in Last Woman on Earth (1960). Subsequently she appeared mostly on television through 1975.Jones-Moreland guest-starred in an episode of the television series Ironside starring Raymond Burr, and in the early 1990s appeared in a recurring role as a judge in a series of his Perry Mason television films. Her first Perry Mason appearance was in 1959 as Lorrie Garvin in \"The Case of the Dubious Bridegroom.\" In Have Gun - Will Travel, Jones-Moreland guest-starred as Topaz, a saloon hostess who befriended Paladin in the episode \"Brother's Keeper\" that aired May 6, 1961. In 1962, she appeared as Nurse Brown on McHale's Navy.\nAt age 76, the actress died from cancer in El Monte, California.", "Q168171": "Isaac ben Abraham of Troki, Karaite scholar and polemical writer (b. Trakai, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, c. 1533; d. Trakai, c. 1594 (or eight years earlier for both dates, according to Jacob Mann's hypothesis. Since the formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569, still during Isaac ben Abraham's own lifetime, the city was also known in Polish as Troki).", "Q89375": "Ernst Arndt (3 February 1861 \u2013 c.\u2009September 1942) was a German stage and film actor notable for his later career in Austria.", "Q9262969": "The Thorn Birds is an American television miniseries broadcast on ABC from March 27 to 30, 1983. It starred Richard Chamberlain, Rachel Ward, Barbara Stanwyck, Christopher Plummer, Piper Laurie, Jean Simmons, Richard Kiley, Bryan Brown, Mare Winningham and Philip Anglim. It was directed by Daryl Duke and based on a novel of the same name by Colleen McCullough. The series was enormously successful and became the United States' second highest-rated miniseries of all time behind Roots; both series were produced by television veteran David L. Wolper.", "Q660762": "Jura-Nord Vaudois District (French: District du Jura-Nord vaudois) is a district in Vaud canton of Switzerland. Its capital is Yverdon-les-Bains.", "Q427485": "Carlo Carfagna (born in Guarcino, Italy, 1940) is an Italian classical guitarist, author of many musical publications.His musical education takes place at the Conservatory of Rome and Naples, under the guidance of Mario Gangi, which subsequently will be teaching colleague for many years at Santa Cecilia.", "Q275826": "Jane Elliot (born January 17, 1947) is an American actress, best known for her role as Tracy Quartermaine in the ABC daytime soap opera, General Hospital.", "Q233873": "Teri Ann Garr (born December 11, 1944) is a retired American actress, dancer and singer. She frequently appeared in comedic roles throughout her career, which spans four decades and includes over 140 credits in film and television. Her accolades include one Academy Award nomination, a BAFTA Award nomination, and one National Board of Review Award.\nBorn in Lakewood, Ohio, Garr was raised in North Hollywood. She is third child of a comedic-actor father and a studio costumer mother. In her youth, Garr trained in ballet and other forms of dance. She began her career as a teenager with small roles in television and film in the early 1960s, including appearances as a dancer in six Elvis Presley musicals. After spending two years attending college, Garr left Los Angeles and studied acting at the Lee Strasberg Institute in New York City.\nHer self-described \"big break\" as an actress was landing a role in the Star Trek episode \"Assignment: Earth\", after which she said, \"I finally started to get real acting work.\"Garr had a supporting role in Francis Ford Coppola's thriller The Conversation (1974) before having her film breakthrough as Inga in Young Frankenstein (1974). In 1977, she was cast in a high-profile role in Steven Spielberg's Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Garr continued to appear in various high-profile roles throughout the 1980s, including supporting parts in the comedies Tootsie (1982), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role of Sandra Lester, and then appearing opposite Michael Keaton the next year in Mr. Mom (1983). She reunited with Coppola the same year, appearing in his musical One from the Heart (1982), followed by a supporting part in Martin Scorsese's black comedy After Hours (1985).\nHer quick banter led to Garr being a regular guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and Late Night with David Letterman. In the 1990s, she appeared in two films by Robert Altman: The Player (1992) and Pr\u00eat-\u00e0-Porter (1994), followed by supporting roles in Michael (1996) and Ghost World (2001). She also appeared on television as Phoebe Abbott in three episodes of the sitcom Friends (1997\u201398). In 2002, Garr announced that she had been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, the symptoms of which had negatively affected her ability to perform beginning in the 1990s.", "Q5308871": "Drug Wars: The Camarena Story is a 1990 TV mini-series based on Elaine Shannon\u2019s book Desperados and the Time magazine article of the same name. It was directed by Brian Gibson and starred Steven Bauer, Miguel Ferrer, Benicio del Toro, Treat Williams and Craig T. Nelson. It was the second most watched NBC mini-series of the year following The Kennedys and was followed up in 1992 with Drug Wars: The Cocaine Cartel starring Dennis Farina.", "Q523191": "Timothy John Schafer (born July 26, 1967) is an American computer game designer. He founded Double Fine Productions in July 2000, after having spent over a decade at LucasArts. Schafer is best known as the designer of critically acclaimed games Full Throttle, Grim Fandango, Psychonauts, Br\u00fctal Legend and Broken Age, co-designer of Day of the Tentacle, and assistant designer on The Secret of Monkey Island and Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge. He is well known in the video game industry for his storytelling and comedic writing style, and has been given both a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Game Developers Choice Awards, and a BAFTA Fellowship for his contributions to the industry.", "Q171346": "Nelson Piquet Souto Maior (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8n\u025bws\u00f5 pi\u02c8ke], born 17 August 1952), known as Nelson Piquet, is a Brazilian former racing driver and businessman. Since his retirement, Piquet, a three-times World Champion, has been ranked among the greatest Formula One drivers in various motorsport polls.Piquet had a brief career in tennis before losing interest in the sport and subsequently took up karting and hid his identity to prevent his father discovering his hobby. He became the Brazilian national karting champion in 1971\u201372 and won the Formula Vee championship in 1976. With advice from Emerson Fittipaldi, Piquet went to Europe to further success by taking the record number of wins in Formula Three in 1978, defeating Jackie Stewart's all-time record.\nIn the same year, he made his Formula One debut with the Ensign team and drove for McLaren and Brabham. In 1979, Piquet moved to the Brabham team and finished the runner-up in 1980 before winning the championship in 1981. Piquet's poor performances in 1982 saw a resurgence for 1983 and his second world championship. For 1984\u201385, Piquet had once again lost chances to win the championship but managed to score three wins during that period. He moved to the Williams team in 1986 and was a title contender until the final round in Australia. Piquet took his third and final championship in 1987 during a heated battle with teammate Nigel Mansell which left the pair's relationship sour. Piquet subsequently moved to Lotus for 1988\u201389 where he experienced his third drop in form. He eventually went to the Benetton team for 1990\u201391 where he managed to win three races before retiring.After retiring from Formula One, Piquet tried his hand at the Indianapolis 500 for two years. He also had a go at sports car racing at various points during and after his Formula One career. Piquet is currently retired and runs several businesses in Brazil. He also manages his sons Nelson Piquet Jr. and Pedro Piquet, who are also professional racing drivers.", "Q294372": "Adam Jared Brody (born December 15, 1979) is an American actor, writer, musician, and producer. He is known for his role as Seth Cohen on the 2003 television series The O.C.. Brody has appeared in the films Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005), Thank You for Smoking (2006), In the Land of Women (2007), Jennifer's Body (2009), Cop Out (2010), Scream 4 (2011), Lovelace (2013), Life Partners (2014), Sleeping with Other People (2015), StartUp (2016), and Shazam! (2019).", "Q16455": "John Rhys-Davies (born 5 May 1944) is a Welsh actor, voice actor and producer, known for his portrayal of Gimli and the voice of Treebeard in the Lord of the Rings trilogy, Sallah in the Indiana Jones films and Cmdr. Hammerstock-Smythe in The Medallion. He also played Michael Malone in the 1993 remake of the 1950s television series The Untouchables, Vasco Rodrigues in the mini-series Sh\u014dgun, Professor Maximillian Arturo in Sliders, King Richard I in Robin of Sherwood, General Leonid Pushkin in the James Bond film The Living Daylights, and Macro in I, Claudius. He provided the voices of Cassim in Aladdin and the King of Thieves, Ranjan's father in The Jungle Book 2, Macbeth in Gargoyles, Man Ray in SpongeBob SquarePants, Hades in Justice League and Tobias in the computer game Freelancer.", "Q942680": "Calvin Johnson (born November 1, 1962) is an American guitarist, vocalist, songwriter, music producer, and disc jockey born in Olympia, Washington. Known for his uniquely deep and droning singing voice, Johnson was a founding member of the bands Cool Rays, Beat Happening, The Go Team and The Halo Benders.\nCalvin Johnson is also the founder and owner of the influential indie label K Records (now Dub Narcotics) and has been cited as a major player in the beginning of the modern independent music movement. As a prominent figure in the Olympia music scene, he was one of the major organizers of the seminal International Pop Underground Convention.", "Q716186": "Christian Streiff (born 21 September 1954) is a French businessman.\nStreiff was born at Sarrebourg, Moselle. He was nominated chief executive officer of the European commercial aircraft manufacturer Airbus S.A.S. on 2 July 2006. He resigned from this position three months later, on 9 October 2006, and was replaced by Louis Gallois that same day. According to a former Airbus employee, Streiff found himself \"isolated\" in his plans to restructure Airbus and offered to quit. One month later, Streiff was appointed the chief executive officer of the second-largest European car maker, PSA Peugeot Citro\u00ebn. On Sunday 29 March 2009 the board of PSA Peugeot Citro\u00ebn ousted Streiff, stating publicly that a change in leadership was needed to \"unlock the group's potential.\"\n\n", "Q270786": "Peaches Honeyblossom Geldof-Cohen (13 March 1989 \u2013 6 or 7 April 2014) was an English columnist, television personality, and model.\nBorn and raised in London, Geldof was educated at Queen's College after her parents' divorce in 1996, and later moved to New York City, where she worked as a writer for the UK edition of Elle Girl magazine. She also worked in television, producing and developing her own TV programmes which were broadcast in the United Kingdom in 2006. In the later part of her life, Geldof worked primarily in modelling and television, and gave birth to sons in 2012 and 2013.\nGeldof was found dead at her home on 7 April 2014. The inquest found that she died of a heroin overdose.", "Q4604": "Confucius ( k\u0259n-FEW-sh\u0259s; 551\u2013479 BC) was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the Spring and Autumn period.\nThe philosophy of Confucius, also known as Confucianism, emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice, kindness, and sincerity. His followers competed successfully with many other schools during the Hundred Schools of Thought era only to be suppressed in favor of the Legalists during the Qin dynasty. Following the victory of Han over Chu after the collapse of Qin, Confucius's thoughts received official sanction in the new government and were further developed into a system known in the West as Neo-Confucianism, and later New Confucianism (Modern Neo-Confucianism).\nConfucius is traditionally credited with having authored or edited many of the Chinese classic texts including all of the Five Classics, but modern scholars are cautious of attributing specific assertions to Confucius himself. Aphorisms concerning his teachings were compiled in the Analects, but only many years after his death.\nConfucius's principles have commonality with Chinese tradition and belief. He championed strong family loyalty, ancestor veneration, and respect of elders by their children and of husbands by their wives, recommending family as a basis for ideal government. He espoused the well-known principle \"Do not do unto others what you do not want done to yourself\", the Golden Rule. He is also a traditional deity in Daoism.\nConfucius is widely considered as one of the most important and influential individuals in shaping human history. His teaching and philosophy greatly impacted people around the world and remains influential today.", "Q1034379": "Baron S\u00e1ndor Hatvany-Deutsch (1852 \u2013 1913) was a leading Hungarian Jewish industrialist, business magnate, philanthropist, investor and art patron. He led the family's sugar company with its factories Nagy-Sur\u00e1nyi Cukorgy\u00e1r \u00e9s Finom\u00edt\u00f3 Rt. (est. 1854, Nagysur\u00e1ny), Hatvani Cukorgy\u00e1r Rt. (est. 1889, Hatvan), Oroszkai Cukorgy\u00e1r Rt. (est. 1893, Oroszka), Vas megyei Cukorgy\u00e1r Rt. (est. 1895, S\u00e1rv\u00e1r) and the Alf\u00f6ldi Cukorgy\u00e1r Rt. (est. 1910, Sarkad) which made him one of the wealthiest persons in Austria-Hungary. He founded in 1902 with Ferenc Chorin the National Alliance of Industrialists (Gy\u00e1riparosok Orsz\u00e1gos Sz\u00f6vets\u00e9ge (GYOSZ)) and was the first vice president of the association. According to Forbes he was the 4th richest person in Hungary on the turn of the 19th century with a net worth of 25-30 million Hungarian peng\u0151.\n\n", "Q3898080": "Paul Herman (born March 29, 1946) is an American actor. Among other roles, he is known for playing Randy in David O. Russell's dramedy Silver Linings Playbook (2012) and Whispers DiTullio in Martin Scorsese's crime epic The Irishman (2019).His other appearances in movies include Once Upon a Time in America, At Close Range, We Own the Night, Heat, Crazy Heart, Sleepers, Cop Land, The Fan, Analyze That, The Day Trippers, and American Hustle. He had a recurring role on The Sopranos as \"Beansie\" Gaeta, as well as another HBO series, Entourage, as Vincent Chase's accountant, Marvin.\nHerman has also played minor background characters in two other Scorsese crime films. In Goodfellas, he was The Pittsburgh Connection, and in the montage sequence 'Back Home, Years Ago' in Scorsese's Casino, he was a gambler who rushes to the phone booth to place the same bet that Sam Rothstein (Robert De Niro) did.In 2009's Crazy Heart, Herman played the manager of Jeff Bridges' character.Herman, along with his brother Charlie, ran the Columbus Cafe in the 1990s. Located across from Lincoln Center, it was frequented by actors, ballet dancers, gangsters, and FBI and DEA agents. Herman also had a small ownership stake in the cafe, along with Mikhail Baryshnikov as well as other actors.", "Q249107": "Kevin Scott Richardson (born October 3, 1971) is an American singer, songwriter, actor and model, best known as a member of the Backstreet Boys. Richardson was inducted into the Kentucky Music Hall of Fame along with his cousin and bandmate Brian Littrell on April 10, 2015.", "Q82546": "Andr\u00e9s Perell\u00f3 de Segurola (27 March 1874 \u2013 23 January 1953) was a Spanish operatic bass.", "Q1407544": "Stuart \"Stu\" Richardson (born 15 August 1973, Tonypandy, Wales) is a Welsh musician. He is the bassist for the rock band No Devotion, formed by former members of Lostprophets and Geoff Rickly of Thursday. He is also the touring bassist for Thursday.", "Q69281": "Gustav Seyffarth (13 July 1796 \u2013 17 November 1885) was a German-American Egyptologist, born in Uebigau.\nHe studied theology and philology at the University of Leipzig, obtaing his doctorate in 1823 with the thesis \"De sonis literarum graecarum tum genuis tum adoptivis\". He became a professor of philosophy at Leipzig in 1825 and a professor of arch\u00e6ology in 1830 (a position he held until 1855). From 1826 to 1829 he visited the principal museums of Germany, France, England, and the Netherlands and collected copies of Egyptian inscriptions and Coptic manuscripts. In 1840, on his initiative, a sarcophagus was purchased that was to be become the centerpiece of the future \u00c4gyptisches Museum der Universit\u00e4t Leipzig.In 1856 he came to America and became a professor of church history and arch\u00e6ology at Concordia College, St. Louis. From 1859 he resided in New York City, where he conducted research at the Astor Library.Seyffarth was an earnest student of Egyptology, but wrongly held that the hieroglyphic characters, with scarcely an exception, were pure phonograms. His method of deciphering hieroglyphics was fundamentally different to that of Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion \u2014 with Seyffarth asserting that the hieroglyphs designated the consonant elements of a symbol and Champollion teaching that the hieroglyphs were symbols standing for definite letters of the alphabet.", "Q92755": "John Matthew Vlissides (August 2, 1961 \u2013 November 24, 2005) was a software engineer known mainly as one of the four authors (referred to as the Gang of Four) of the book Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Vlissides referred to himself as \"#4 of the Gang of Four and wouldn't have it any other way\".", "Q259314": "Janos Prohaska (October 10, 1919, Budapest, Hungary \u2013 March 13, 1974, Inyo County, California, United States) was a U.S.-based Hungarian actor and stunt performer on American television from the 1960s. He usually played the roles of animals or monsters.\nHe is best remembered for his recurring comic role as The Cookie Bear in The Andy Williams Show from 1969 to 1971. Prohaska also appeared in multiple roles on such TV series as The Outer Limits, Bewitched, I Dream of Jeannie, Lost in Space, and a few episodes of Gilligan's Island, where he plays a gorilla. His only credited role on that series appears in the episode \"Our Vines Have Tender Apes.\" In 1967 he appeared as a white gorilla in the \"Fatal Cargo\" episode of the ABC-TV sci-fi series Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea. On NBC-TV's Star Trek his turns as the Horta in Star Trek's \"The Devil in the Dark\", and the Mugato (credited, curiously enough, as the Gumato) in \"A Private Little War\" are the best known of these. He made an appearance on an episode of What's My Line? in 1969, where he wore one of his ape costumes.", "Q506339": "Svatopluk the Lion (Czech: Svatopluk Olomouck\u00fd; died 21 September 1109) was Duke of Bohemia from 1107 until his assassination in 1109. His rule was overshadowed by the fierce conflict around the Bohemian throne in the 12th century.\n\n", "Q672366": "Piz Blas is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Graub\u00fcnden and Ticino. At 3,019 metres above sea level, Piz Blas is the highest mountain of Val Cadlimo (Ticino), a valley drained by the Reno da Medel, a tributary of the Rhine. On its northern side (Graub\u00fcnden), it overlooks the valleys of Lake Curnera and Lake Nalps, both drained by tributaries of the Rhine.", "Q45743": "Isabella Heathcote (born 27 May 1987) is an Australian actress. She began her acting career in 2008. The following year, she had a recurring role as Amanda Fowler on the television soap opera Neighbours.\nHeathcote has since portrayed governess Victoria Winters in Tim Burton's film adaptation of Dark Shadows, Jane Bennett in Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, model Gigi in The Neon Demon, Nicole D\u00f6rmer in the dystopian alternate history thriller series The Man in the High Castle, Leila Williams, a deranged ex-lover of Christian Grey, in Fifty Shades Darker and Olive Byrne in Professor Marston and the Wonder Women.", "Q3870266": "Napoleon and Josephine: A Love Story is an American television miniseries broadcast on ABC from November 10 to 12, 1987. It stars Armand Assante as Napoleon Bonaparte and Jacqueline Bisset as Jos\u00e9phine de Beauharnais, with Stephanie Beacham as Therese Tallien, Patrick Cassidy as Hippolyte Charles, Jane Lapotaire as Letizia Bonaparte, Anthony Perkins as Talleyrand, and Ione Skye as Pauline Bonaparte. It was directed by Richard T. Heffron, based on a screenplay by James Lee.\nThe plot focuses on the romantic relationship between Napoleon and Josephine from 1794 to 1814, only lightly touching on battles and other historical events. Executive producer David L. Wolper, who had previously created prominent miniseries such as North and South (directed by Heffron) and Roots (written by Lee, among others), stated, \"The mini-series covers some of Napoleon's military accomplishments, but only as a backdrop to how the love between these two people affected France, the world and, most importantly, Napoleon and Josephine themselves.\"", "Q184697": "Gloria Estefan (Spanish: [\u02c8\u0261lo\u027eja es\u02c8tefan]; born Gloria Mar\u00eda Milagrosa Fajardo Garc\u00eda; September 1, 1957) is a Cuban-American singer, songwriter, actress and businesswoman. A contralto, she started her career as the lead singer in the group \"Miami Latin Boys\", which later became known as Miami Sound Machine. \nEstefan experienced worldwide success with \"Conga\" in 1985. The song became Estefan's signature song and led to the Miami Sound Machine winning the grand prix in the 15th annual Tokyo Music Festival in 1986. In the middle of 1988, she and the band got their first number-one hit with the song \"Anything for You\".\nIn March 1990, Estefan had a severe accident in her tour bus. She made her comeback in March 1991 with a new world tour and album called Into the Light. Her 1993 Spanish-language album, Mi Tierra, won the first of her three Grammy Awards for Best Tropical Latin Album. It was the first number-one album on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart, established when it was released. It was also the first Diamond album in Spain. Many of her songs, such as \"Rhythm Is Gonna Get You\", \"1-2-3\", \"Don't Wanna Lose You\", \"Get On Your Feet\", \"Here We Are\", \"Coming Out of the Dark\", \"Bad Boy\", \"Oye!\", \"Party Time\" and a remake of \"Turn the Beat Around\" became international chart-topping hits. Estefan records sales are estimated more than 120 million records worldwide.She has won three Grammy Awards and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and Las Vegas Walk of Fame. In 2015, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contributions to American music and received the Kennedy Center Honors in December 2017 for her contributions to American Culture Life. Estefan also won an MTV Video Music Award, was honored with the American Music Award for Lifetime Achievement, as well as being named BMI Songwriter of the Year. She was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and has received multiple Billboard Awards. She is also on the Top 100 Greatest Artists of All Time lists of VH1 and Billboard.\n\n", "Q1754": "Stockholm (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8st\u0254\u0302k\u02d0(h)\u0254lm] (listen)) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden. 972,647 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.6 million in the urban area, and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake M\u00e4laren flows into the Baltic Sea. Outside the city to the east, and along the coast, is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the county seat of Stockholm County.\nStockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country's GDP, and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita. It is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europe's top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology. It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the city's most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is well known for the decor of its stations; it has been called the longest art gallery in the world. Sweden's national football arena is located north of the city centre, in Solna. Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.\nStockholm is the seat of the Swedish government and most of its agencies, including the highest courts in the judiciary, and the official residencies of the Swedish monarch and the Prime Minister. The government has its seat in the Rosenbad building, the Riksdag (Swedish parliament) is seated in the Parliament House, and the Prime Minister's residence is adjacent at Sager House. Stockholm Palace is the official residence and principal workplace of the Swedish monarch, while Drottningholm Palace, a World Heritage Site on the outskirts of Stockholm, serves as the Royal Family's private residence.", "Q1388210": "Alan Peter Pascoe, MBE (born 11 October 1947) is a British former athlete who gained success in hurdles. After his athletics career, he has been successful in events marketing and consulting.", "Q121559": "Adolphe Joanne (born as Adolphe-Laurent Joanne on 15 September 1813 in Dijon, France, died on 1 March 1881 in Paris) was a French geographical writer and author of travel books.", "Q439693": "Lionel George Logue, CVO (26 February 1880 \u2013 12 April 1953) was an Australian speech and language therapist and amateur stage actor who successfully treated King George VI, who had a pronounced stammer.", "Q213553": "Raul Hilberg (June 2, 1926 \u2013 August 4, 2007) was an Austrian-born Jewish-American political scientist and historian. He was widely considered to be the world's preeminent scholar of the Holocaust, and his three-volume, 1,273-page magnum opus, The Destruction of the European Jews, is regarded as a seminal study of the Nazi Final Solution.", "Q65493": "Paul Leopold Eduard Heinrich Anton Bronsart von Schellendorf (25 January 1832 \u2013 23 June 1891) was a Prussian general and writer, who served as Minister of War from 1883 to 1889.\n\n", "Q450625": "Alytus is a city with municipal rights in southern Lithuania. It is the capital of Alytus County. Its population in 2013 was 57,281. Alytus is the historical centre of the Dz\u016bkija region. The city lies on the banks of the Nemunas River. The major roads linking Vilnius, Kaunas, Lazdijai (border with Poland), and Hrodna in Belarus pass through Alytus. \nDivided onto two separate entities for centuries, it consists of two parts still frequently referred to as Alytus I and Alytus II, the earlier being a smaller town and the latter forming the city centre with parks, microdistricts and industrial areas.", "Q160263": "David Grossman (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05d5\u05d9\u05d3 \u05d2\u05e8\u05d5\u05e1\u05de\u05df\u200e; born January 25, 1954) is an Israeli author. His books have been translated into more than 30 languages, and have won numerous prizes.\nHe addressed the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict in his 2008 novel, To the End of the Land. Since that book's publication he has written a children's book, an opera for children and several poems. His 2014 book, Falling Out of Time, deals with the grief of parents in the aftermath of their children's death. In 2017, he was awarded the Man Booker International Prize in conjunction with his frequent collaborator and translator, Jessica Cohen, for his novel A Horse Walks Into a Bar. In 2018, he was awarded the Israel Prize for literature.", "Q875776": "Rudolf Brunngraber (1901, Vienna - 1960) was an Austrian writer, journalist and painter who worked with Otto Neurath. His novels were translated into eighteen languages, with more than a million books sold.Brunngraber's novel Radium was adapted for radio by G\u00fcnter Eich in 1937.", "Q80379": "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey is a 2012 epic high fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson. It is the first installment in a three-part film adaptation based on J. R. R. Tolkien\u2019s 1937 novel The Hobbit. It is followed by The Desolation of Smaug (2013) and The Battle of the Five Armies (2014), and together, they act as a prequel to Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. The film's screenplay was written by Jackson, his longtime collaborators Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens, and Guillermo del Toro, who was originally chosen to direct the film before leaving the project in 2010.\nThe story is set in Middle-earth seventy-seven years before the main events of The Lord of the Rings, and portions of the film are adapted from the appendices to Tolkien's The Return of the King. An Unexpected Journey tells the tale of Bilbo Baggins (Martin Freeman), who is convinced by the wizard Gandalf (Ian McKellen) to accompany thirteen Dwarves, led by Thorin Oakenshield (Richard Armitage), on a quest to reclaim the Lonely Mountain from the dragon Smaug. The ensemble cast also includes James Nesbitt, Ken Stott, Cate Blanchett, Ian Holm, Christopher Lee, Hugo Weaving, Elijah Wood and Andy Serkis, and features Sylvester McCoy, Barry Humphries and Manu Bennett.\nAn Unexpected Journey premiered on 28 November 2012 in New Zealand and was released internationally on 12 December 2012. The film grossed over $1.021 billion at the box office, surpassing both The Fellowship of the Ring and The Two Towers nominally, becoming the fourth highest-grossing film of 2012 and the 45th highest-grossing film of all time. Receiving mixed reviews from critics, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects, Best Production Design, and Best Makeup and Hairstyling. It was also nominated for three British Academy Film Awards.", "Q8016": "Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 1874 \u2013 24 January 1965) was a British politician, army officer, and writer. He was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945, when he led Britain to victory in the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955. Churchill represented five constituencies during his career as a Member of Parliament (MP). Ideologically an economic liberal and imperialist, for most of his career he was a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955, but from 1904 to 1924 was a member of the Liberal Party.\nOf mixed English and American parentage, Churchill was born in Oxfordshire to a wealthy, aristocratic family. He joined the British Army in 1895, and saw action in British India, the Anglo\u2013Sudan War, and the Second Boer War, gaining fame as a war correspondent and writing books about his campaigns. Elected an MP in 1900, initially as a Conservative, he defected to the Liberals in 1904. In H. H. Asquith's Liberal government, Churchill served as President of the Board of Trade, Home Secretary, and First Lord of the Admiralty, championing prison reform and workers' social security. During the First World War, he oversaw the Gallipoli Campaign; after it proved a disaster, he resigned from government and served in the Royal Scots Fusiliers on the Western Front. In 1917, he returned to government under David Lloyd George as Minister of Munitions, then as Secretary of State for War and Air, and finally for the Colonies, overseeing the Anglo-Irish Treaty and Britain's Middle East policy. After two years out of Parliament, he served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in Stanley Baldwin's Conservative government, returning the pound sterling in 1925 to the gold standard at its pre-war parity, a move widely seen as creating deflationary pressure and depressing the UK economy.\nOut of office during the 1930s, Churchill took the lead in calling for British rearmament to counter the growing threat from Nazi Germany. At the outbreak of the Second World War he was re-appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. In 1940 he became prime minister, replacing Neville Chamberlain. Churchill oversaw British involvement in the Allied war effort against Germany and the Axis powers, resulting in victory in 1945. His wartime leadership was widely praised, although acts like the Bombing of Dresden and his wartime response to the Bengal famine generated controversy. After the Conservatives' defeat in the 1945 general election, he became Leader of the Opposition. Amid the developing Cold War with the Soviet Union, he publicly warned of an \"iron curtain\" of Soviet influence in Europe and promoted European unity. Re-elected Prime Minister in 1951, his second term was preoccupied with foreign affairs, including the Malayan Emergency, Mau Mau Uprising, Korean War, and a UK-backed Iranian coup. Domestically his government emphasised house-building and developed a nuclear weapon. In declining health, Churchill resigned as prime minister in 1955, although he remained an MP until 1964. Upon his death in 1965, he was given a state funeral.\nWidely considered one of the 20th century's most significant figures, Churchill remains popular in Britain and throughout the West, where he is seen as a victorious wartime leader who played an important role in defending Europe's liberal democracy from the spread of fascism. Praised as a social reformer and accomplished writer, among his many awards was the Nobel Prize in Literature. Conversely, his imperialist views and comments on race, as well as his sanctioning of human rights abuses in the suppression of anti-imperialist movements seeking independence from the British Empire, have generated considerable controversy.", "Q215122": "Joseph Freiherr von Sonnenfels (1732 \u2013 25 April 1817) was an Austrian and German jurist and novelist. He was among the leaders of the Illuminati movement in Austria, and a close friend and patron of Mozart. He is also the dedicatee of Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 15, Op. 28, which was published in 1801.", "Q97605": "Hans Timmermann (1926\u20132005) was a German television actor.", "Q3551621": "The University of Lille (French: Universit\u00e9 de Lille, abbreviated as ULille, UDL or univ-lille) is a French pluridisciplinary public university located in and around Lille, Hauts-de-France (M\u00e9tropole europ\u00e9enne de Lille). It has its origins in the University of Douai (1559), and resulted from the merger in 2018 of the three universities Lille 1 University of Science and Technology, Lille 2 University of Health and Law, and Lille 3 Charles de Gaulle University of humanities, social sciences, literature and arts. With more than 67,000 students, it is the largest French university and one of the largest French-speaking universities in the world.\nThe university is the main component of the Community of Universities and Institutions (COMUE) Lille Nord de France and the associated European Doctoral College, which federates universities and other higher learning institutes in the Hauts-de-France region.\nWith 66 research labs, 350 PhD theses supported per year and 3,000 scientific publications each year, it is well represented in the research community; it collaborates with many organizations (Pasteur Institute of Lille, CHU Lille University Hospital, CNRS, INSERM, INRA, INRIA etc.) and schools (\u00c9cole Centrale de Lille, \u00c9cole des Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com de Lille-Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Sciences Po Lille etc.).\nIt is labeled I-Site (Initiatives for Science-Innovation-Territories-Economy) in 2017 by the French government. It benefits from an allocation of 500 million euros for its project \u00abUniversit\u00e9 Lille Nord-Europe (ULNE)\u00bb which aims to classify it in the top 50 universities of Europe.", "Q1226921": "Dion Francis DiMucci (born July 18, 1939), better known mononymously as Dion, is an American singer and songwriter whose work has incorporated elements of doo-wop, rock and R&B styles\u2014and, most recently, straight blues. Initially as lead singer of Dion and the Belmonts and then in his solo career, he was one of the most popular American rock and roll performers of the pre-British Invasion era. He had 39 Top 40 hits in the late 1950s and early 1960s as a solo performer, with the Belmonts or with the Del Satins. He is best remembered for the singles \"Runaround Sue\", \"The Wanderer\", \"Ruby Baby\" and \"Lovers Who Wander\", among his other hits.\nDion's popularity waned in the mid-1960s. Toward the end of the decade, he shifted his style and produced songs with a more mature, contemplative feeling, such as \"Abraham, Martin and John.\" He became popular again in the late 1960s and into the mid-1970s, and he has continued making music ever since. Critics who had dismissed his early work, pegging him as merely a teen idol, praised his later work, and noted the influence he has had on other musicians.Dion was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1989.", "Q2496057": "Alexander Sergeevich Potupa (Belarusian: \u0410\u043b\u044f\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0421\u044f\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430; March 21, 1945 \u2013 June 1, 2009) was a Belarusian philosopher, writer, scientist and human rights activist.", "Q7325": "Jews (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd ISO 259-2 Yehudim, Israeli pronunciation [jehu\u02c8dim]) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites and Hebrews of historical Israel and Judah. Jewish ethnicity, nationhood, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the ethnic religion of the Jewish people, while its observance varies from strict observance to complete nonobservance.Jews originated as an ethnic and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, in the part of the Levant known as the Land of Israel. The Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE (Late Bronze Age). The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as 'Hebrews'. Though few sources mention the exilic periods in detail, the experience of diaspora life, from the Ancient Egyptian rule over the Levant, to Assyrian captivity and exile, to Babylonian captivity and exile, to Seleucid Imperial rule, to the Roman occupation and exile, and the historical relations between Jews and their homeland thereafter, became a major feature of Jewish history, identity and memory. Prior to World War II, the worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million, representing around 0.7% of the world population at that time. Approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has slowly risen again, and as of 2018 was estimated at 14.6\u201317.8 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank, less than 0.2% of the total world population.The modern State of Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. It defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state in the Basic Laws, Human Dignity and Liberty in particular, which is based on the Declaration of Independence. Israel's Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to Jews who have expressed their desire to settle in Israel.Despite their small percentage of the world's population, Jews have significantly influenced and contributed to human progress in many fields, both historically and in modern times, including philosophy, ethics, literature, politics, business, fine arts and architecture, music, theatre and cinema, medicine, and science and technology, as well as religion; Jews authored the Bible, founded Early Christianity and had a profound influence on Islam. Jews have also played a significant role in the development of Western Civilization.\n\n", "Q179732": "John Nathan Deal (born August 25, 1942) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 82nd Governor of Georgia from 2011 to 2019. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic Party in 1992 and switched to the Republican Party in 1995. On March 1, 2010, Deal announced his resignation from Congress to run for Governor of Georgia.\nDeal faced a crowded field of candidates in the July 2010 Republican primary election, ultimately facing former Georgia Secretary of State Karen Handel in a tightly contested August 10, 2010, primary runoff election, and won by fewer than 2,500 votes. The following day, Handel declined to pursue a recount and conceded. On November 2, Democratic opponent Roy Barnes called to concede the race for governor of Georgia, making Deal the governor-elect to succeed term-limited Sonny Perdue in 2011.Deal won his re-election campaign for governor in 2014 against Democrat Jason Carter. He was succeeded by Governor Brian Kemp.", "Q120647": "Moshe Greenberg (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05e0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d2; July 10, 1928 \u2013 May 15, 2010) was an American rabbi, Bible scholar, and professor emeritus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.", "Q1444441": "L\u00e9o Margarit is a French drummer, currently living in Sweden as a member of Pain of Salvation.", "Q286986": "Glynis Barber (born Glynis van der Riet; 25 October 1955) is a South African actress. She is best known for her portrayals of Sgt. Harriet Makepeace in the British police drama Dempsey and Makepeace, Glenda Mitchell in EastEnders, DCI Grace Barraclough in Emmerdale, Fiona Brake in Night and Day, and Soolin in Blake's 7.", "Q15174": "Shenzhen (; Chinese: \u6df1\u5733; Mandarin pronunciation: [\u0282\u0259\u0301n.\u0288\u0282\u0259\u0302n] (listen)), also known as Shumchun, is a major sub-provincial city located on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary on the central coast of southern Guangdong province, People's Republic of China. It forms part of the Pearl River Delta megalopolis, bordering Hong Kong across the Sham Chun River to the south, Huizhou to the northeast and Dongguan to the northwest, and shares maritime boundaries with Guangzhou, Zhongshan and Zhuhai to the west and southwest across the estuary.\nShenzhen's cityscape results from its vibrant economy\u2014made possible by rapid foreign investment following the institution of the policy of \"reform and opening-up\" in 1979. The city is a leading global technology hub, dubbed by media as the next Silicon Valley and China's Silicon Valley. It was one of the fastest-growing cities in the world in the 1990s and the 2000s, and has been ranked second on the list \"top 10 cities to visit in 2019\" by Lonely Planet.Shenzhen, which roughly follows the administrative boundaries of Bao'an County, officially became a city in 1979, taking its name from the former county town, whose train station was the last stop on the Mainland Chinese section of the railway between Canton and Kowloon. In 1980, Shenzhen was established as China's first special economic zone. Shenzhen's registered population as of 2017 was estimated at 12,905,000. However, local police and authorities estimate the actual population to be about 20 million, due to large populations of short-term residents, unregistered floating migrants, part-time residents, commuters, visitors, as well as other temporary residents.Shenzhen hosts the Shenzhen Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of numerous multinational companies such as JXD, Vanke, Hytera, CIMC, SF Express, Shenzhen Airlines, Nepstar, Hasee, Ping An Bank, Ping An Insurance, China Merchants Bank, Tencent, ZTE, OnePlus, Huawei, DJI and BYD. Shenzhen ranks 9th in the 2019 Global Financial Centres Index. It has the third busiest container port in the world.", "Q17040172": "Word Entertainment is a Christian faith-based entertainment company based in Nashville, Tennessee. It is owned by Curb Records. Word Entertainment represents Francesca Battistelli, for King & Country, Switchfoot, Skillet, Sidewalk Prophets, Chris August, Big Daddy Weave, in addition to many others, and is home to Word Distribution, 25 Live, Word Music Publishing and Word Label Group's Word Records and Fervent Records.", "Q562683": "Hyung Jin Sean Moon (born 1979) is the South Korean-American local pastor and co-founder, alongside his wife, Yeon Ah Lee Moon, of the Pennsylvania-based World Peace and Unification Sanctuary, an offshoot or unofficial sect of the Unification movement.", "Q87416": "Karl Friedrich Kurz (23 September 1878 \u2013 26 June 1962) was a Swiss/German/Norwegian novelist.\nKurz was born near Freiburg, Bremgarten, Markgr\u00e4flerland in Germany. As a child he moved with his parents to Basel in Switzerland. He wanted to be a painter and entered the academy in Karlsruhe.\nCoincidences made him a writer. He led a vagrant life with an extensive travelling activity in among others East Asia and Japan before he settled in Norway where he wrote novels in German. He was influenced by Knut Hamsun and got inspiration from the nature and folk life in the fjords of Sogn and Sunnfjord.\nHis novels enjoyed great popularity in Germany and were sold in great numbers. In 1934 he was awarded the Gro\u00dfer Schillerpreis by the Schweizerischen Schillerstiftung in Z\u00fcrich.\nHe first lived in the area of Solund, then near Vadheim in Lavik before he in 1924 settled in V\u00e5rdal in Dalsfjorden in Sunnfjord. He lived there until he in 1950 left his family and moved to Nessj\u00f8en in Fjell municipality at Sotra in Hordaland where he lived until his death in 1962, at 84 years of age.\nThe papers he left behind when he died are mostly lost.\nKarl Friedrich Kurz is buried at the churchyard at Holmedal in Dalsfjorden, Sunnfjord.", "Q732018": "Gruppe 47 (Group 47) was a group of participants in German writers' meetings, invited by Hans Werner Richter between 1947\u20131967. The meetings served the dual goals of literary criticism as well as the promotion of young, unknown authors. In a democratic vote titled \"Preis der Gruppe 47\" (Prize of Group 47), it proved to be excellent for many who were beginning their writing careers. Group 47 had no organizational form, no fixed membership list, and no literary program, but was strongly influenced by Richter's invitations.\nIn its early days, Gruppe 47 offered young writers a platform for the renewal of German literature after World War II. It later became an influential institution in the cultural life of the Federal Republic of Germany, as important contemporary writers and literary critics participated in the meetings. The cultural and political influence of Group 47 has been the subject of numerous debates. Even after the end of their meetings in 1967, former participants of the group remained influential in the development of German-language literature.", "Q304985": "The Royal College of Music is a conservatoire established by royal charter in 1882, located in South Kensington, London, UK. It offers training from the undergraduate to the doctoral level in all aspects of Western Music including performance, composition, conducting, music theory and history. The RCM also undertakes research, with particular strengths in performance practice and performance science. The college was named the top institution for Performing Arts in both the United Kingdom and Europe in the 2018 QS World University Rankings. It was also ranked second across all Performing Arts institutions worldwide. The college is one of the four conservatories of the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music and a member of Conservatoires UK. Its buildings are directly opposite the Royal Albert Hall on Prince Consort Road, next to Imperial College and among the museums and cultural centres of Albertopolis.\n\n", "Q315650": "J\u00f3n \u00de\u00f3r \"J\u00f3nsi\" Birgisson (pronounced [\u02c8jou\u02d0n \u02c8\u03b8ou\u02d0r \u02c8p\u026arc\u026as\u0254\u02d0n, \u02c8jouns\u026a] (listen); born 23 April 1975) is an Icelandic musician; he is the vocalist and multi-instrumentalist for the Icelandic post-rock band Sigur R\u00f3s. He is known for his use of a cello bow on guitar and his falsetto or countertenor voice. He is blind in his right eye from birth as a result of a broken optic nerve from the brain. He is openly gay. Apart from Sigur R\u00f3s, J\u00f3nsi also performs together with his partner Alex Somers as an art collaboration called J\u00f3nsi & Alex. They released their self-titled first book in November 2006, which was an embossed hardcover limited to 1,000 copies. The two also released the album Riceboy Sleeps, in July 2009. \nOn 1 December 2009, J\u00f3nsi's official website, jonsi.com, was launched in anticipation of his debut solo album, Go, which was released on 5 April 2010. After the release of the album, J\u00f3nsi promptly started a tour across North America and Europe, featuring songs from the album plus a few other selections, planning to tour from March to September.\nIn late January 2010, J\u00f3nsi announced that Sigur R\u00f3s was on \"an indefinite hiatus\", as the band had scrapped plans for a new album previously announced to be released in 2010, saying that \"they were just rumours\". The band decided to take the year off, as several members of Sigur R\u00f3s recently had children, and as J\u00f3nsi developed his solo career. In 2012, the band reformed and released the album Valtari in May 2012 and subsequently Kveikur in June 2013.", "Q244": "Barbados ( (listen) or ) is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region of North America. It is 34 kilometres (21 miles) in length and up to 23 km (14 mi) in width, covering an area of 432 km2 (167 sq mi). It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 km (62 mi) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, Barbados is east of the Windwards, part of the Lesser Antilles, roughly at 13\u00b0N of the equator. It is about 168 km (104 mi) east of both the countries of Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and 180 km (110 mi) south-east of Martinique and 400 km (250 mi) north-east of Trinidad and Tobago. Barbados is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt. Its capital and largest city is Bridgetown.\nInhabited by Kalinago people since the 13th century, and prior to that by other Amerindians, Barbados was visited by Spanish navigators in the late 15th century and claimed for the Spanish Crown. It first appeared in a Spanish map in 1511.The Portuguese Empire claimed the island between 1532 and 1536, but later abandoned it in 1620; with their only remnants being an introduction of wild boars for a good supply of meat whenever the island was visited, and to replenish their supply of freshwater. An English ship, the Olive Blossom, arrived in Barbados on 14 May 1625; its men took possession of it in the name of King James I. In 1627, the first permanent settlers arrived from England, and it became an English and later British colony. As a wealthy sugar colony, it became an English centre of the African slave trade until that trade was outlawed in 1807, with final emancipation of slaves in Barbados occurring over a period of years from 1833.\nOn 30 November 1966, Barbados became an independent state and Commonwealth realm with Elizabeth II as its queen. It has a population of 287,010 people, predominantly of African descent. Despite being classified as an Atlantic island, Barbados is considered to be a part of the Caribbean, where it is ranked as a leading tourist destination. Of the tourists, 40% come from the UK, with the US and Canada making up the next large groups of visitors to the island.", "Q47154": "Titus Lucretius Carus ( TY-t\u0259s loo-KREE-sh\u0259s, Classical Latin: [\u02c8t\u026at\u028as l\u028a\u02c8kre\u02d0t\u026a.\u028as]; c. 99 BC \u2013 c. 55 BC) was a Roman poet and philosopher. His only known work is the philosophical poem De rerum natura, a didactic work about the tenets and philosophy of Epicureanism, and which usually is translated into English as On the Nature of Things. Lucretius has been credited with originating the concept of the three-age system that was formalised in 1836 by C. J. Thomsen.\nVery little is known about Lucretius's life; the only certain fact is, that he was either a friend or client of Gaius Memmius, to whom the poem was addressed and dedicated.De rerum natura was a considerable influence on the Augustan poets, particularly Virgil (in his Aeneid and Georgics, and to a lesser extent on the Eclogues) and Horace. The work virtually disappeared during the Middle Ages, but was rediscovered in 1417 in a monastery in Germany by Poggio Bracciolini and it played an important role both in the development of atomism (Lucretius was an important influence on Pierre Gassendi) and the efforts of various figures of the Enlightenment era to construct a new Christian humanism. Lucretius's scientific poem \"On the Nature of Things\" (c. 60 BC) has a remarkable description of Brownian motion of dust particles in verses 113\u2013140 from Book II. He uses this as a proof of the existence of atoms.", "Q77097": "Felix Heinrich Wankel (13 August 1902 \u2013 9 October 1988) was a German mechanical engineer and inventor after whom the Wankel engine was named.\n\n", "Q923242": "Christopher Andrew Coons (born September 9, 1963) is an American politician serving as the Junior United States Senator from Delaware since 2010. A member of the Democratic Party, he won a special election to succeed Ted Kaufman, who had been appointed to the seat when Joe Biden resigned to become Vice President of the United States. Previously, Coons was the county executive of New Castle County. Coons is the 1983 Truman Scholar from Delaware, and the first recipient of the award to serve in the United States Senate.\nRaised in Hockessin, Delaware, Coons graduated from Amherst College, where he joined Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity. He received graduate degrees from Yale Divinity School and Yale Law School. He went to work as a volunteer relief worker in Kenya, where he had taken classes in the University of Nairobi, later returning to the U.S. to work for the Coalition for the Homeless in New York. He spent some time as a legal clerk in New York before returning to Delaware in 1996, where he spent eight years as in-house counsel for a materials manufacturing company. In the interim he worked for several nonprofit organizations.\nCoons worked on several political campaigns in his early career, including Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign. In college he switched from being a Republican to a Democrat, and in 1996 he became a delegate from Wilmington to the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. His political career began in earnest on the New Castle County Council in 2000, where he served as council president. He was elected county executive in 2004 and served for six years. There he balanced the county budget with a surplus in fiscal year 2010 by cutting spending and raising taxes, and the county maintained a AAA bond rating.\nCoons won the 2010 special election against the Republican candidate Christine O'Donnell. He was elected to a full term in 2014. Coons is the vice chair of the Senate Ethics Committee. His other committee assignments include Appropriations, Foreign Relations, Judiciary, and Small Business and Entrepreneurship. He previously served as ranking member of the United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health Policy and the Judiciary Subcommittee on Bankruptcy and the Courts.Coons is the co-chair for the 2019 National Prayer Breakfast. He previously co-chaired the 2017 National Prayer Breakfast, and co-chairs the weekly Senate Prayer Breakfast.", "Q57347": "William Stern (April 29, 1871 \u2013 March 27, 1938), born Louis William Stern, was a German psychologist and philosopher. He is known for the development of personalistic psychology, which placed emphasis on the individual by examining measurable personality traits as well as the interaction of those traits within each person to create the self.\nStern also coined the term intelligence quotient, or IQ, and invented the tone variator as a new way to study human perception of sound. Stern studied psychology and philosophy under Hermann Ebbinghaus at the University of Berlin, and quickly moved on to teach at the University of Breslau. Later he was appointed to the position of professor at the University of Hamburg.\nOver the course of his career, Stern wrote many books pioneering new fields in psychology such as differential psychology, critical personalism, forensic psychology, and intelligence testing. Stern was also a pioneer in the field of child psychology. Working with his wife, Clara Joeesephy Stern, the couple kept meticulous diaries detailing the lives of their 3 children for 18 years. He used these journals to write several books that offered an unprecedented look into the psychological development of children over time.", "Q112193": "Gaston Glock (born 19 July 1929) is an Austrian engineer, and founder of the firearms company Glock.", "Q3356315": "Johan Olaf Brochmann Nordhagen (16 March 1883 \u2013 6 November 1925) was a Norwegian educator, architect, engineer and artist. He is most commonly associated with his restoration designs for Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim, Norway.", "Q3341669": "Nikolai Yevgenyevich Markov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432), known as Markov II or Markov the Second (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439) (2 April 1866 \u2013 25 April 1945, Wiesbaden), was a Russian right wing political figure who was a leading figure in the Union of the Russian People (UPR).\nBorn in Kursk, Markov came from a land-owning background but was also a trained engineer. He entered politics in 1905 when he formed a defence group for the upper middle classes called the Party of Civil Order, whilst also starting the journals Kurskaia Byl and Zemschchina. He became a founder of the UPR and was noted as its most formidable leader, using his membership of the State Duma of the Russian Empire to attack both capitalism and socialism, as well as launching frequent attacks on the Jews, whom he predicted would be wiped out in a mass pogrom. In 1911, during the discussions of the draft of the new Statute on Military Service he launched an attack on Jews in the military service, recommending the removal of Jews from the military.He became URP leader in 1910 following the departure of Aleksandr Dubrovin and his followers and took over editorship of the pro-Vladimir Purishkevich journal Vestnik Soyuza Russkogo Naroda. He had long been associated with Purishkevich and had been a member of his \"Union of Archangel Michael\", a UPR dissident group. He used his position as leader to argue for a restoration of absolutism and in the First World War supported a separate peace treaty between Russia and Germany, even attempting to get the Germans involved in a conspiracy to save the House of Romanov after the revolutions. He was close to General Nikolai Yudenich and supported his anti-Bolshevik activity.He fled to Germany following the October Revolution and set up the \u00e9migr\u00e9 Russian Monarchist Union, although he became more associated with the far right of the monarchist movement when he expressed his admiration for Italian fascism. He conspired to have Cyril of Coburg crowned Tsar, a man whose wife, Viktoria Feodorovna, was close to far right former German Imperial Army general Erich Ludendorff. Markov also played a leading role in the conspiracy that resulted in the murder of Constitutional Democratic Party politician Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov. A devout member of the Russian Orthodox Church, he was involved in the Karlovtsy Sobor, a synod that led to the establishment of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.He published his memoirs, Voiny temnykh sil (Wars of Dark Forces), in 1928 and soon thereafter became a follower of the Nazi Party. He would go on to argue that the URP had shared many characteristics with the Nazi Party, although this has been rejected given that the URP was little more than anti-Semitic populism. His anti-Semitism grew more pronounced in the 1930s and he undertook lecture tours and propaganda duties for the Nazis on the subject.", "Q1369944": "French Americans or Franco-Americans (French: Franco-Am\u00e9ricains) are citizens or nationals of the United States who identify themselves with having full or partial French or French Canadian heritage, ethnicity, and/or ancestral ties. On the French-Canadians see French Canadian Americans.\nThe state with the largest proportion of people identifying as having French ancestry is Maine, while the state with the largest number of people with French ancestry is California. Many U.S. cities have large French American populations. The city with the largest concentration of people of French extraction is Madawaska, Maine, while the largest French-speaking population by percentage of speakers in the U.S. is found in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana.\nCountry-wide, there are about 10.4 million U.S. residents who declare French ancestry or French Canadian descent, and about 1.32 million speak French at home as of 2010 census. An additional 750,000 U.S. residents speak a French-based creole language, according to the 2011 American Community Survey.While Americans of French descent make up a substantial percentage of the American population, Franco-Americans are less visible than other similarly sized ethnic groups. This is in part due to the tendency of Franco-American groups to identify more closely with North American regional identities such as French Canadian, Acadian, Brayon, Cajuns or Louisiana Creole than as a coherent group. This has inhibited the development of a unified French American identity as is the case with other European Americans ethnic groups.\n\n", "Q132243": "Rumen Stoyanov Ovcharov (Bulgarian: \u0420\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0421\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u041e\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432) (born 5 July 1952) is a Bulgarian politician, engineer, physicist and economist. He was a member of the National Parliament on four occasions and was the Minister of the Economy and Energy between 17 August 2005 and 18 July 2007.", "Q851818": "Ninjago is a computer-animated television series produced by The Lego Group. It was created to coincide with the Lego Ninjago line of construction toys, many of which are based on elements of the series. It centers on the fictional world of Ninjago, telling the story of a group of teenage Ninja and their battles against the forces of evil. The series was animated in Copenhagen, Denmark, by Wil Film ApS for the first ten seasons, subtitled \"Masters of Spinjitzu\". Animation was relocated to WildBrain Studios in Canada starting with the eleventh season. The English-language voice cast has been recorded in Canada for its entire run. As of 2020 it is the longest currently running series airing on Cartoon Network. \nNinjago began with two pilot episodes in January 2011, which were followed by two 13-episode seasons that aired from January to November 2012. Both the Lego theme and the series had an intended shelf life of three years, so the second season was originally intended to be the last. However, continued success of the series and its product line led to the show continuing ever since with twelve seasons being produced as of 2020.\nThe series was created by Michael Hegner and Tommy Andreasen, two Danish film producers. In Denmark, where the series' original production companies are located, Ninjago premiered on Nickelodeon. It airs on various Nickelodeon networks internationally and on Cartoon Network in the United States, United Kingdom and Poland. In Canada, the series is broadcast on Teletoon and YTV.\n\n", "Q1253366": "The Smurfs 2 is a 2013 American 3D live-action/computer-animated comedy film and a sequel to the 2011 film The Smurfs. It is loosely based on The Smurfs comic book series created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo. It is the second film in the Smurfs film series, produced by Columbia Pictures, Sony Pictures Animation, and Kerner Entertainment Company, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. The film is directed by Raja Gosnell, who helmed the first, with all the main cast returning. New cast members include Christina Ricci and J. B. Smoove as members of the Naughties, and Brendan Gleeson as Patrick Winslow's stepfather. The film was released on July 31, 2013 to generally negative reviews, and is dedicated to Jonathan Winters, who voiced Papa Smurf and died on April 11, 2013.", "Q49179": "Worcester ( (listen) WUUS-t\u0259r) is a city, and county seat of, Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. Named after Worcester, England, as of the 2010 Census the city's population was 181,045, making it the second-most populous city in New England after Boston. Worcester is approximately 40 miles (64 km) west of Boston, 50 miles (80 km) east of Springfield and 40 miles (64 km) north of Providence. Due to its location in Central Massachusetts, Worcester is known as the \"Heart of the Commonwealth\", thus, a heart is the official symbol of the city. However, the heart symbol may also have its provenance in lore that the Valentine's Day card, although not invented in the city, was first mass-produced and popularized by Worcester resident Esther Howland.Worcester was considered its own distinct region apart from Boston until the 1970s. Since then, Boston's suburbs have been moving out further westward, especially after the construction of Interstate 495 and Interstate 290. The Worcester region now marks the western periphery of the Boston-Worcester-Providence (MA-RI-NH) U.S. Census Combined Statistical Area (CSA), or Greater Boston. The city features many examples of Victorian-era mill architecture.", "Q282538": "R.A. Thorburn better known by his stage name R.A. the Rugged Man, is an American rapper, screenwriter, film director and film producer. He began his music career at age 12, building a reputation locally for his lyrical skills. R.A. signed to major label Jive Records at age 18, but his debut album, Night of the Bloody Apes, was never released.Since then, he has worked with the likes of Mobb Deep, Wu-Tang Clan, Kool G Rap, and Notorious B.I.G., as well as producers Erick Sermon, Trackmasters, DJ Quik, The Alchemist, J-Zone, and Ayatollah. He was featured on all three of Rawkus's Soundbombing albums, as well as the platinum-selling WWF Aggression album. After a brief stint on Capitol Records (during which he recorded another unreleased album, American Lowlife), R.A. signed with independent label Nature Sounds and released his official debut, Die, Rugged Man, Die. In 2013, R.A. released his second album, Legends Never Die on Nature Sounds.In addition to his hip hop career, Thorburn has been active as boxing commentator and film critic. He has contributed to Vibe, King, Complex, Rides, XXL,The Source, The Ring, among others. He wrote and produced the cult film Bad Biology, and also hosts the web series \"Film School\" on MTV's Film.com.", "Q1336298": "Francis Thomas Bacon O.B.E. FREng F.R.S. (21 December 1904 at Ramsden Hall, Billericay, Essex, England \u2013 24 May 1992) was an English engineer who developed the first practical hydrogen\u2013oxygen fuel cell.", "Q18450": "Charles Roden Buxton (27 November 1875 \u2013 16 December 1942) was an English philanthropist and radical British Liberal Party politician who later joined the Labour Party. He survived an assassination attempt during a mission to the Balkans in 1914.", "Q85567": "Alfons Freiherr von Czibulka, or Alfons Cibulka (born 28 June 1888, Ratbo\u0159 Castle (Schloss Radborsch) near Kol\u00edn, Bohemia \u2013 died 22 October 1969, Munich) was a Czech-Austrian writer and painter. (Pseudonym A. von Birnitz)Czibulka was the son of general Freiherr Hubert von Czibulka and Marie von Birnitz. In 1919 he co-founded the magazine \nDer Orchideengarten with Karl Hans Strobl, a fantasy magazine which also published some science fiction\nand detective stories.In the Third Reich he received the \"Literary Prize of the City Munich\" in 1938.", "Q391236": "Sydney Ayres (August 28, 1879 \u2013 September 9, 1916) was an American silent film actor, director and screenwriter.", "Q444136": "Mary Roach (born March 20, 1959), is an American author, specializing in popular science and humor. As of 2016, she has published seven books: Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers (2003), Spook: Science Tackles the Afterlife (2005) (published in some markets as Six Feet Over: Adventures in the Afterlife), Bonk: The Curious Coupling of Science and Sex (2008), Packing for Mars: The Curious Science of Life in the Void (2010), My Planet: Finding Humor in the Oddest Places, Gulp: Adventures on the Alimentary Canal (2013), and Grunt: The Curious Science of Humans at War (2016).\nRoach is noted for her curiosity and humor in addition to her research. Her many humor-laced articles in various publications over the decades include her monthly humor column, \"My Planet\", in Reader's Digest.", "Q122736": "Merrion Frances \"Mem\" Fox, AM (born Merrion Frances Partridge on 5 March 1946) is an Australian writer of children's books and an educationalist specialising in literacy. Fox has been semi-retired since 1996, but still gives seminars and lives in Adelaide, South Australia.", "Q241215": "Nene Janet Paterson Clutha (28 August 1924 \u2013 29 January 2004) was a New Zealand author who published under the name Janet Frame. She wrote novels, short stories, poetry, juvenile fiction, and an autobiography. Frame's celebrity derived from her dramatic personal history as well as her literary career. Following years of psychiatric hospitalisation, Frame was scheduled for a lobotomy that was cancelled when, just days before the procedure, her d\u00e9but publication of short stories was unexpectedly awarded a national literary prize.", "Q269599": "Diana Charlton Muldaur (born August 19, 1938) is an American film and television actress. Muldaur's television roles include Rosalind Shays on L.A. Law and Dr. Katherine Pulaski in the second season of Star Trek: The Next Generation. She also appeared in two episodes of Star Trek: The Original Series in the late 1960s, playing two different roles. She has been nominated for an Emmy three times: twice for L.A. Law and once for Born Free. She was also nominated twice for a Q Award for L.A. Law.\nBorn in Brooklyn, New York, and raised on the Massachusetts island of Martha's Vineyard, Muldaur started acting in high school and continued on through college, graduating from Sweet Briar College in Virginia in 1960. She studied acting under Stella Adler and made her name on the New York stage. She was at one point a board member of the Screen Actors Guild and was the first woman to serve as president of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (1983\u20131985).", "Q174570": "The London School of Economics (officially the London School of Economics and Political Science, often referred to as LSE or the LSE) is a public research university located in London, England, and a member institution of the federal University of London. Founded in 1895 by Fabian Society members Sidney Webb, Beatrice Webb, Graham Wallas, and George Bernard Shaw for the betterment of society, LSE joined the University of London in 1900 and established its first degree courses under the auspices of the university in 1901. LSE started awarding its own degrees in its own name in 2008, prior to which it awarded degrees of the University of London.\nThe LSE is located in Westminster, central London, near the boundary between Covent Garden and Holborn. The area is historically known as Clare Market. The LSE has more than 11,000 students, just under seventy percent of whom come from outside the UK, and 3,300 staff. It had an income of \u00a3415.1 million in 2018/19, of which \u00a332.1 million was from research grants. One hundred and fifty-five nationalities are represented amongst the LSE's student body and the school has the second highest percentage of international students (70%) of all world universities. Despite its name, the school is organised into 25 academic departments and institutes which conduct teaching and research across a range of pure and applied social sciences.The LSE is a member of the Russell Group, Association of Commonwealth Universities, European University Association and is considered a part of the \"Golden Triangle\" of universities in south-east England. For the subject area of social science, LSE places second in the world in the QS Rankings, seventh in THE Rankings, and eighth in the Academic Ranking of World Universities. LSE is ranked among the top twenty universities nationally by all three UK tables, while internationally LSE is ranked in the top 50 by two of the three major global rankings. In the 2014 Research Excellence Framework, the School had the highest proportion of world-leading research among research submitted of any British non-specialist university.The LSE has produced many notable alumni in the fields of law, history, anthropology, economics, philosophy, psychology, business, literature, media and politics. Alumni and staff include 55 past or present heads of state or government and 18 Nobel laureates. As of 2017, 27% (or 13 out of 49) of all the Nobel Memorial Prizes in Economics have been awarded or jointly awarded to LSE alumni, current staff or former staff, making up 16% (13 out of 79) of all laureates. LSE alumni and staff have also won 3 Nobel Peace Prizes and 2 Nobel Prizes in Literature. Out of all European universities, LSE has educated the most billionaires according to a 2014 global census of U.S dollar billionaires.", "Q61193": "Bal Keshav Thackeray (also known as Balasaheb Thackeray; Marathi pronunciation: [\u0288\u02b0a\u02d0k\u0259\u027ee\u02d0]; 23 January 1926 \u2013 17 November 2012) was an Indian politician who founded the Shiv Sena, a right-wing pro-Marathi and Hindu nationalist party active mainly in the state of Maharashtra.\nThackeray began his professional career as a cartoonist with the English-language daily The Free Press Journal in Bombay (now Mumbai), but he left the paper in 1960 to form his own political weekly, Marmik. His political philosophy was largely shaped by his father Keshav Sitaram Thackeray, a leading figure in the Samyukta Maharashtra (United Maharashtra) movement, which advocated the creation of a separate linguistic state for Marathi speakers. Through Marmik, Bal Thackeray campaigned against the growing influence of non-Marathis in Bombay. In 1966, Thackeray formed the Shiv Sena party to advocate for the interests of Maharashtra in Bombay India political and professional landscape, and against certain segments of Bombay's Muslim population.He had a large political influence in the state, especially in Mumbai; the Shiv Sena frequently used violent means against its detractors. A government inquiry found that Thackeray and Chief Minister Manohar Joshi incited members of the Shiv Sena to commit violence against Muslims during the 1992\u20131993 Bombay riots.In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Thackeray built the Shiv Sena by forming temporary alliances with nearly all of state's political parties. Thackeray was also the founder of the Marathi-language newspaper Saamana. After the riots of 1992\u201393, he and his party took a Hindutva stance. In 1999, Thackeray was banned from voting and contesting in any election for six years on the recommendations of the Election Commission for indulging in seeking votes in the name of religion. Thackeray was arrested multiple times and spent a brief stint in prison, but he never faced any major legal repercussions. Upon his death, he was accorded a state funeral, at which many mourners were present. Thackeray did not hold any official positions, and he was never formally elected as the leader of his party.\n\n", "Q442547": "Stephen Joseph Graham (born 3 August 1973) is an English actor. He is best known for playing Andrew \"Combo\" Gascoigne in the film This Is England (2006) and its television sequels This Is England '86 (2010), This Is England '88 (2011), and This Is England '90 (2015). His other film roles include Tommy in Snatch (2000), Shang in Gangs of New York (2002), Baby Face Nelson in Public Enemies (2009), Anthony \"Tony Pro\" Provenzano in The Irishman (2019), and Scrum in the Pirates of the Caribbean films On Stranger Tides (2011) and Dead Men Tell No Tales (2017). On television, he has starred in the fifth series of the BBC One series Line of Duty (2019), as Al Capone in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire (2010\u20132014), and as Jacob Marley in the BBC/FX miniseries A Christmas Carol (2019).", "Q66824": "Eschenbach is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Goldingen and St. Gallenkappel merged into the municipality of Eschenbach.", "Q57421": "Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj (Mongolian: \u0426\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u042d\u043b\u0431\u044d\u0433\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0436, Cahiag\u00edn Elbegdorj Mongolian pronunciation: [t\u0361s\u02b0axia\u02c8gi\u02d0\u014b e\u026epeg\u02c8t\u0254rt\u0361\u0283]; also referred to as Mongolyin Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj and Tsakhia Elbegdorj; born 30 March 1963) is a Mongolian politician who served as President of Mongolia from 2009 to 2017. He previously served as Prime Minister in 1998 and again from 2004 to 2006.\nElbegdorj was one of the key leaders of the 1990 Mongolian democratic revolution that ended 70 years of communist rule in Mongolia, and co-drafted the country's 1992 constitution that guaranteed democracy and a free market economy. Elbegdorj has been labeled by his supporters as a \"freedom fighter\" and the \"Golden Sparrow of Democracy,\" alluding to a bird that comes with spring sunshine after a long, harsh winter.Elbegdorj is the founder of the Ardchilal (English: Democracy) newspaper \u2013 the country's first independent newspaper \u2013 and helped to establish the first independent television station in Mongolia.His tenure has focused on fighting corruption, environmental protection, women's rights, judicial reform, civic engagement, economic liberalization and privatization, property rights, and the abolition of the death penalty.", "Q315136": "Branislav Nu\u0161i\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0411\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041d\u0443\u0448\u0438\u045b, pronounced [br\u01cenislav\u031e n\u00fb\u0283it\u0361\u0255]; 20 October [O.S. 8 October] 1864 \u2013 19 January 1938) was a Serbian playwright, satirist, essayist, novelist and founder of modern rhetoric in Serbia. He also worked as a journalist and a civil servant. He was often referred to as the Serbian and Balkan Gogol.", "Q1351565": "Octave Chanute (February 18, 1832 \u2013 November 23, 1910) was an American civil engineer and aviation pioneer. He provided many budding enthusiasts, including the Wright brothers, with help and advice, and helped to publicize their flying experiments. At his death he was hailed as the father of aviation and the heavier-than-air flying machine.", "Q486263": "Bossa nova is a style of Brazilian music, which was developed and popularized in the 1950s and 1960s and is today one of the best-known Brazilian music styles abroad. The phrase bossa nova means literally \"new trend\" or \"new wave\" (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u0254s\u0250 \u02c8n\u0254v\u0250] (listen)). A lyrical fusion of samba and jazz, bossa nova acquired a large following in the 1960s, initially among young musicians and college students.", "Q79904": "Jerome David Salinger (; January 1, 1919 \u2013 January 27, 2010) was an American writer best known for his novel The Catcher in the Rye. \nSalinger published several short stories in Story magazine in the early 1940s before serving in World War II. In 1948, his critically acclaimed story \"A Perfect Day for Bananafish\" appeared in The New Yorker, which became home to much of his later work. \nThe Catcher in the Rye was published in 1951 and became an immediate popular success. Salinger's depiction of adolescent alienation and loss of innocence in the protagonist Holden Caulfield was influential, especially among adolescent readers. The novel was widely read and controversial.The success of The Catcher in the Rye led to public attention and scrutiny. Salinger became reclusive, publishing new work less frequently. He followed Catcher with a short story collection, Nine Stories (1953); a volume containing a novella and a short story, Franny and Zooey (1961); and a volume containing two novellas, Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction (1963). His last published work, a novella entitled \"Hapworth 16, 1924,\" appeared in The New Yorker on June 19, 1965. Afterward, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover; and Margaret Salinger, his daughter.", "Q1360960": "Utpalendu Chakrabarty (born 1948) is a Bengali Indian filmmaker and theater personality, based in Kolkata, India.", "Q919874": "Carl Henrik Fredriksson (born 1 October 1965 in J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden) is a Swedish literary critic, columnist, essayist, and translator living in Vienna, Austria. For fifteen years, until March 2015, he was the editor-in-chief of the European cultural journals network Eurozine, which he co-founded in 1998. Between 1998 and 2001, he was the editor-in-chief of Sweden's oldest cultural journal Ord&Bild, where he had worked as an editor since 1995.\nHe is a Permanent Fellow at the Institute for Media and Communication Policy (Institut f\u00fcr Medien- und Kommunikationspolitik) in Berlin and a Visiting Fellow at the Institute for Human Sciences (Institut f\u00fcr die Wissenschaften vom Menschen) in Vienna.\nFrom 1987 to 1995, Fredriksson studied comparative literature, philosophy, sociology, and art history at Lund University, and European history of ideas and hermeneutics at G\u00f6teborg University.\nSince 1988, he has contributed articles on poetry, literature, literary theory, art, philosophy, media, and politics to numerous Swedish and international newspapers and journals, including 90-tal, Courrier International, Dagens Nyheter, Gl\u00e4nta, G\u00f6teborgs-Posten, Ord&Bild, Pequod, Re\u010d, Svenska Dagbladet, Sydsvenska Dagbladet, Varl\u0131k, Vikerkaar, and Wespennest. He has also been a regular contributor to Swedish public service radio (Sveriges Radio).\nTranslations into Swedish include works by Ulrich Beck, John N. Gray, J\u00fcrgen Habermas, Josef Haslinger, Adolf Muschg, Seymour Papert, Judith Schalansky, Raoul Schrott and Immanuel Wallerstein.", "Q668470": "The Hochwilde or Hohe Wilde (Italian: Altissima) is a mountain in the \u00d6tztal Alps on the border between Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy.", "Q3165015": "Jean-Claude Andr\u00e9 Adolphe Hamel (born 9 July 1929) was the President of AJ Auxerre from 1963 to 2009, when he was replaced by Alain Dujon.", "Q42992": "Golda Meir (born Golda Mabovitch; May 3, 1898 \u2013 December 8, 1978) was an Israeli teacher, kibbutznik, stateswoman, politician and the fourth Prime Minister of Israel.\nBorn in Kiev, she emigrated to the United States as a child with her family in 1906, and was educated there, becoming a teacher. After marrying her husband, the couple emigrated to then Palestine in 1921, settling on a kibbutz. Meir was elected prime minister of Israel on March 17, 1969, after serving as Minister of Labour and Foreign Minister. The world's fourth and Israel's first and only woman to hold the office, she has been described as the \"Iron Lady\" of Israeli politics; the term was later applied to British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Former Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion used to call Meir \"the best man in the government\"; she was often portrayed as the \"strong-willed, straight-talking, grey-bunned grandmother of the Jewish people.\"Meir resigned as prime minister in 1974, the year following the Yom Kippur War. She died in 1978 of lymphoma.", "Q87370": "Ernst Alexander Rauter (27 April 1929 in Klagenfurt \u2013 8 March 2006 in Munich) was an Austrian uncommitted leftist author, journalist and self\u2013taught language critic.", "Q34804": "Albuquerque ( (listen) AL-b\u0259-kur-kee; Navajo: Bee\u02bceld\u00ed\u00edl Dahsinil [p\u00e8\u02d0\u0294\u00e8lt\u00ed\u02d0l t\u0251\u0300xs\u026a\u0300n\u026a\u0300l]; Eastern Keres: Arawageeki; Jemez: Vak\u00ea\u00eake; Zuni: Alo:ke:k'ya; Jicarilla Apache: Go\u0142g\u00e9eki'y\u00e9), abbreviated as ABQ, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico, and the 32nd-most populous city in the United States. The city's nicknames are The Duke City and Burque, both of which reference its 1706 founding by Nuevo M\u00e9xico governor Francisco Cuervo y Vald\u00e9s as La Villa de Alburquerque, named in honor of then Viceroy the 10th Duke of Alburquerque, the Villa was an outpost on El Camino Real for the Tiquex and Hispano towns in the area (such as Barelas, Corrales, Isleta Pueblo, Los Ranchos, and Sandia Pueblo). Since the city's founding it has continued to be included on travel and trade routes including Santa Fe Railway (ATSF), Route 66, Interstate 25, Interstate 40, and the Albuquerque International Sunport. The population census-estimated population of the city as 560,218 in 2018, it is the principal city of the Albuquerque metropolitan area, which has 915,927 residents as of July 2018. The metropolitan population includes Rio Rancho, Bernalillo, Placitas, Zia Pueblo, Los Lunas, Belen, South Valley, Bosque Farms, Jemez Pueblo, Cuba, and part of Laguna Pueblo. This metro is included in the larger Albuquerque\u2013Santa Fe\u2013Las Vegas combined statistical area (CSA), with a population of 1,171,991 as of 2016. The CSA constitutes the southernmost point of the Southern Rocky Mountain Front megalopolis, including other major Rocky Mountain region cities such as Cheyenne, Wyoming, and Denver, Colorado, with a population of 5,467,633 according to the 2010 United States Census.\nAlbuquerque serves as the county seat of Bernalillo County, and is in north-central New Mexico. The Sandia Mountains run along the eastern side of Albuquerque, and the Rio Grande flows north to south through its center, while the West Mesa and Petroglyph National Monument make up the western part of the city. Albuquerque has one of the highest elevations of any major city in the U.S., ranging from 4,900 feet (1,490 m) above sea level near the Rio Grande to over 6,700 feet (1,950 m) in the foothill areas of Sandia Heights and Glenwood Hills. The civic apex is found in an undeveloped area within the Albuquerque Open Space; there, the terrain rises to an elevation of approximately 6880+ feet (2,097 m).\nThe economy of Albuquerque centers on science, medicine, technology, commerce, education, entertainment, and culture outlets. The city is home to Kirtland Air Force Base, Sandia National Laboratories, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Presbyterian Health Services, and both the University of New Mexico and Central New Mexico Community College have their main campuses in the city. Albuquerque is the center of the New Mexico Technology Corridor, a concentration of high-tech institutions, including the metropolitan area being the location of Intel's Fab 11X In Rio Rancho and a Facebook Data Center in Los Lunas, Albuquerque was also the founding location of MITS and Microsoft. Film studios have a major presence in the state of New Mexico, for example Netflix has a main production hub at Albuquerque Studios. There are numerous shopping centers and malls within the city, including ABQ Uptown, Coronado, Cottonwood, Nob Hill, and Winrock. The city is the location of a horse racing track and casino called The Downs Casino and Racetrack, and the Pueblos surrounding the city feature resort casinos, including Sandia Resort, Santa Ana Star, Isleta Resort, and Laguna Pueblo's Route 66 Resort.\nThe city hosts the International Balloon Fiesta, the world's largest gathering of hot-air balloons, taking place every October at a venue referred to as Balloon Fiesta Park, with its 47-acre launch field. Another large venue is Expo New Mexico where other annual events are held, such as North America's largest pow wow at the Gathering of Nations, as well as the New Mexico State Fair. While other major venues throughout the metropolitan area include the National Hispanic Cultural Center, the University of New Mexico's Popejoy Hall, Santa Ana Star Center, and Isleta Amphitheater. Old Town Albuquerque's Plaza, Hotel, and San Felipe de Neri Church hosts traditional fiestas and events such as weddings, also near Old Town are the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque Museum of Art and History, Indian Pueblo Cultural Center, Explora, and Albuquerque Biological Park. Located in Downtown Albuquerque are historic theaters such as the KiMo Theater, and near the Civic Plaza is the Al Hurricane Pavilion and Albuquerque Convention Center with its Kiva Auditorium. Due to its population size, the metropolitan area regularly receives most national and international music concerts, Broadway shows, and other large traveling events, as well as New Mexico music, and other local music performances.\nLikewise, due to the metropolitan size, it is home to a diverse restaurant scene from various global cuisines, and the state's distinct New Mexican cuisine. Being the focus of the Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District gives an agricultural contrast, along acequias, to the otherwise heavily urban setting of the city. Crops such as New Mexico chile are grown along the entire Rio Grande, the red or green chile pepper is a staple of the aforementioned New Mexican cuisine. The Albuquerque metro is a major contributor of the Middle Rio Grande Valley AVA with New Mexico wine produced at several vineyards, it is also home to several New Mexican breweries. The river also provides trade access with the Mesilla Valley (containing Las Cruces, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas) region to the south, with its Mesilla Valley AVA and the adjacent Hatch Valley which is well known for its New Mexico chile peppers.\n\n", "Q287326": "Gangs of the Dead, originally Last Rites, is a zombie survival film released in 2006, starring Enrique Almeida and Reggie Bannister.", "Q63784": "Beate Barbara Juliane Freifrau von Kr\u00fcdener (n\u00e9e Freiin von Vietinghoff genannt Scheel; 22 November [O.S. 11] 1764 \u2013 25 December [O.S. 13] 1824), often called by her formal French name, Madame de Kr\u00fcdener, was a Baltic German religious mystic, author, and Pietist Lutheran theologian who exerted influence on wider European Protestantism, including the Swiss Reformed Church and the Moravian Church, and whose ideas influenced Tsar Alexander I of Russia.", "Q182580": "Shirley Temple Black (April 23, 1928 \u2013 February 10, 2014) was an American actress, singer, dancer, businesswoman, and diplomat who was Hollywood's number one box-office draw as a child actress from 1935 to 1938. As an adult, she was named United States ambassador to Ghana and to Czechoslovakia, and also served as Chief of Protocol of the United States.\nTemple began her film career at the age of three in 1932. Two years later, she achieved international fame in Bright Eyes, a feature film designed specifically for her talents. She received a special Juvenile Academy Award in February 1935 for her outstanding contribution as a juvenile performer in motion pictures during 1934. Film hits such as Curly Top and Heidi followed year after year during the mid-to-late 1930s. Temple capitalized on licensed merchandise that featured her wholesome image; the merchandise included dolls, dishes, and clothing. Her box-office popularity waned as she reached adolescence. She appeared in 29 films from the ages of 3 to 10 but in only 14 films from the ages of 14 to 21. Temple retired from film in 1950 at the age of 22.In 1958, Temple returned to show business with a two-season television anthology series of fairy tale adaptations. She made guest appearances on television shows in the early 1960s and filmed a sitcom pilot that was never released. She sat on the boards of corporations and organizations including The Walt Disney Company, Del Monte Foods, and the National Wildlife Federation.\nShe began her diplomatic career in 1969, when she was appointed to represent the United States at a session of the United Nations General Assembly, where she worked at the U.S. Mission under Ambassador Charles W. Yost. In 1988, she published her autobiography, Child Star.Temple was the recipient of numerous awards and honors, including the Kennedy Center Honors and a Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award. She is 18th on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest female American screen legends of Classic Hollywood cinema.\n\n", "Q45025": "Ferdinand Raimund (born Ferdinand Jakob Raimann; 1 June 1790 \u2013 5 September 1836, Pottenstein, Lower Austria) was an Austrian actor and dramatist.", "Q318412": "James Montgomery Doohan ( DOO-\u0259n; March 3, 1920 \u2013 July 20, 2005) was a Canadian actor, voice actor, author and soldier, best known for his role as Montgomery \"Scotty\" Scott in the television and film series Star Trek. Doohan's characterization of the Scottish Chief Engineer of the Starship Enterprise was one of the most recognizable elements in the Star Trek franchise, and inspired many fans to pursue careers in engineering and other technical fields. He also made contributions behind the scenes, such as the initial development of the Klingon and Vulcan languages.\nPrior to his acting career, Doohan served in the 14th Field Artillery Regiment of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division. He also served as a pilot. He saw combat in Europe during World War II, including the D-Day invasion of Normandy, in which he was wounded, apparently by friendly fire. After the war, he had extensive experience performing in radio and television, which led to his role as Scotty. Following the cancellation of the original Star Trek series, Doohan had limited success in finding other roles; he returned to play the character in the animated and film continuations of the series, and made frequent appearances at Star Trek conventions.", "Q1032": "Niger or the Niger ( or ; French: [ni\u0292\u025b\u0281]), officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin to the southwest, Mali to the north-west, Burkina Faso to the south-west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2 (490,000 sq mi), making it the largest country in West Africa. Over 80% of its land area lies in the Sahara Desert. The country's predominantly Muslim population of about 22 million live mostly in clusters in the far south and west of the country. The capital and largest city is Niamey, located in Niger's southwest corner.\nNiger is a developing country, which consistently ranks near the bottom in the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI); it was ranked 187th of 188 countries for 2015 and 189th out of 189 countries in the 2018 report. Many of the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. The economy is concentrated around subsistence, with some export agriculture in the more fertile south, and export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger faces serious challenges to development due to its landlocked position, desert terrain, inefficient agriculture, high fertility rates without birth control, and the resulting overpopulation, the poor educational level and poverty of its people, lack of infrastructure, poor healthcare, and environmental degradation.\nNigerien society reflects a diversity drawn from the long independent histories of its several ethnic groups and regions and their relatively short period living in a single state. Historically, what is now Niger has been on the fringes of several large states. Since independence, Nigeriens have lived under five constitutions and three periods of military rule. After the military coup in 2010, Niger became a democratic, multi-party state. A majority of the population lives in rural areas and has little access to advanced education.", "Q52559": "Ruth Teitelbaum (n\u00e9e Lichterman) (1924\u20131986) was one of the first computer programmers in the world. Teitelbaum was one of the original programmers for the ENIAC computer.", "Q255260": "A Tale of Two Sisters (Korean: \uc7a5\ud654, \ud64d\ub828; RR: Janghwa, Hongryeon; lit. \"Rose Flower, Red Lotus\") is a 2003 South Korean psychological horror drama film written and directed by Kim Jee-woon. The film is inspired by a Joseon Dynasty era folktale entitled Janghwa Hongryeon jeon, which has been adapted to film several times. The plot focuses on a recently released patient from a mental institution who returns home with her sister, only to face disturbing events between her stepmother and the ghosts haunting their house - all of which are connected to a dark past in the family's history.\nThe film opened to very positive reviews from critics and won Best Picture at the 2004 Fantasporto Film Festival. It is both the highest-grossing Korean horror film and the first to be screened in American theatres. An American remake titled The Uninvited was released in 2009 to mixed reviews.", "Q450143": "Panagiotis \"Taki\" Theodoracopulos (; Greek: \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \"\u03a4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2\" \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, [pana\u02c8\u029dotis \u02c8takis \u03b8eo\u00f0ora\u02c8kopulos]; born 11 August 1936) is a Greek journalist and writer. He lives in New York City, London and Gstaad, Switzerland.", "Q108875": "Urban Priol (born 14 May 1961 in Aschaffenburg) is a German Kabarett artist and comedian.\n\n", "Q297121": "George Gordon Meade (December 31, 1815 \u2013 November 6, 1872) was a career United States Army officer and civil engineer best known for decisively defeating Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. He previously fought with distinction in the Second Seminole War and the Mexican\u2013American War. During the Civil War, he served as a Union general, rising from command of a brigade to that of the Army of the Potomac. Earlier in his career, he was an engineer and was involved in the coastal construction of several lighthouses.\nMeade's Civil War combat experience started as a brigade commander in the Peninsula Campaign and the Seven Days Battles. He was severely wounded while leading his brigade at the Battle of Glendale. As a division commander, he had notable success at the Battle of South Mountain and assumed temporary corps command at the Battle of Antietam. Meade's division was arguably the most successful of any at the Battle of Fredericksburg in December. It was part of a force charged with driving the Confederate troops under Stonewall Jackson back from their position on Prospect Hill. The division made it further than any other, but was forced to turn back due to a lack of reinforcements. Meade was promoted to commander of the V Corps, which he led during the Battle of Chancellorsville.\nDuring the Gettysburg Campaign, he was appointed to command the Army of the Potomac just three days before the Battle of Gettysburg. Arriving on the field after the first day's action on July 1, Meade organized his army on favorable ground to fight an effective defensive battle against Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, repelling a series of massive assaults throughout the next two days. Lee was forced to retreat to Virginia, ending his hope of winning the war through a successful invasion of the North. This victory was marred by Meade's ineffective pursuit during the retreat, allowing Lee and his army to escape instead of completely destroying them. The Union Army also failed to follow up on its success during the Bristoe Campaign and Battle of Mine Run that fall, which ended inconclusively. Meade suffered from intense political rivalries within the Army, notably with Daniel Sickles, who tried to discredit his role in the victory at Gettysburg.\nIn 1864\u201365, Meade continued to command the Army of the Potomac through the Overland Campaign, the Richmond-Petersburg Campaign, and the Appomattox Campaign, but he was overshadowed by the direct supervision of the general-in-chief, Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, who accompanied him throughout these campaigns. Grant conducted most of the strategy during these campaigns, leaving Meade with significantly less influence than before. His image was harmed by his notoriously short temper and disdain for the press. After the war, he commanded several important departments during Reconstruction.", "Q446735": "Allison Moorer (born June 21, 1972) is an American singer/songwriter. She signed to MCA Nashville in 1997 and made her debut on the U.S. Billboard Country Chart with the release of her debut single, \u201cA Soft Place To Fall,\u201d which she co-wrote with Gwil Owen. The song was also featured in Robert Redford\u2019s The Horse Whisperer and as a result was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1999. Moorer performed on the Oscars ceremony in the same year. She has made ten albums and has had songs recorded by Trisha Yearwood, Kenny Chesney, Miranda Lambert, Steve Earle, and Hayes Carll.", "Q73583": "Return from the River Kwai is a 1989 British film directed by Andrew McLaglen and starring Edward Fox, Chris Penn and Timothy Bottoms.It is not a sequel to The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), though it also deals with POWs of the Japanese in World War II.", "Q72845": "Manuela Schwesig (born 23 May 1974) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party serving as the fifth minister-president of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern since 4 July 2017. She is the first woman to serve as head of government of this state. Previously she served as Federal Minister of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth from 2013 to 2017.\n\n", "Q589636": "The Saints Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje (Macedonian: \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u201e\u0421\u0432. \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0438 \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0458\u201c \u0432\u043e \u0421\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0458\u0435) is the oldest and largest public university in North Macedonia. It is named after the Byzantine Christian theologians and missionaries Cyril and Methodius. As of 2018\u201319 school year, a total of 25,220 students are enrolled at the university. Furthermore, the teaching and research staff number 2,390 people; this is further supported by over 300 members in the university's institutions.The primary language of instruction is Macedonian, but there are a number of courses which are carried out in English, German, French, Italian and minority languages.", "Q43440": "Giosu\u00e8 Alessandro Giuseppe Carducci (US: kar-DOO-chee; Italian: [d\u0292ozu\u02c8\u025b kkar\u02c8dutt\u0283i]; also Giosue Carducci [\u02c8d\u0292\u0254\u02d0zwe kar\u02c8dutt\u0283i] in later years; 27 July 1835 \u2013 16 February 1907) was an Italian poet, writer, literary critic and teacher. He was very influential and was regarded as the official national poet of modern Italy. In 1906 he became the first Italian to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature \"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces\".", "Q97177": "Christian Friedrich Hunold (born 29 September 1680 in Wandersleben near Gotha, died 16 August 1721 in Halle) was a German author who wrote under the pseudonym Menantes.", "Q117941": "Andr\u00e9 Bugnon (born 13 September 1947) is a member of the Swiss National Council and was President of the National Council for the 2007/2008 term. A member of the Swiss People's Party (UDC/SVP), Bugnon was elected to the National Council in 1999 and re-elected in 2003 and 2007.\nBugnon was born in Saint-Prex, Vaud. From 1988 to 1999, he was a member of the cantonal parliament of Vaud. He was mayor of his home town of Saint-Prex from 1990 to 2002.\n\n", "Q89349": "Peter Weish (* 29 November 1936 in Vienna) is an Austrian scientist (biology, chemistry and physics), author and environmental activist.\nPeter Weish studied biology, chemistry and physics at the University of Vienna. After receiving his doctorate of philosophy in 1966 he worked at the Institute for Nuclear Radiation Protection Centre Seibersdorf until 1970.\nIn 1969 he began a critical engagement with the health and societal aspects of nuclear energy. From 1974 he worked as a research officer at the Institute of Environmental Sciences and Conservation.\n1984 he became a lecturer in Human Ecology at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Vienna.\nIn addition to his commitment to the nuclear industry (both in Austria and abroad) he dealt with questions from the environmental protection, environmental education, conservation and development cooperation. As part of his engagement for the environment, Dr. Peter Weish is working in numerous organizations and committees, for example: \n\nForum for Nuclear Affairs (advisory body to the Ministry responsible for nuclear matters)\nWorld Wide Fund for Nature", "Q1026": "The Poles (Polish: Polacy, pronounced [p\u0254\u02c8lat\u0361s\u0268]; singular masculine: Polak, singular feminine: Polka), commonly referred to as the Polish people, are a Central European nation native to Poland who share a common history, culture, and are speakers of the Polish language.\nThe population of self-declared Poles in Poland is estimated at 37,394,000 out of an overall population of 38,538,000 (based on the 2011 census), of whom 36,522,000 declared Polish alone. A wide-ranging Polish diaspora (the Polonia) exists throughout Europe, the Americas, and in Australasia. Today, the largest urban concentrations of Poles are within the Warsaw and Silesian metropolitan areas.\nThe Polish people are descendants of ancient Lechites and Poland's recorded history dates back over a thousand years to c. 930\u2013960 AD, when the Western Polans \u2013 an influential tribe in the Greater Poland region \u2013 united various Lechitic clans under what became the Piast dynasty, thus creating the first Polish state. The subsequent Christianization of Poland by the Catholic Church, in 966 CE, marked Poland's advent to the community of Western Christendom. However, throughout its existence, the Polish state followed a tolerant policy towards minorities resulting in numerous ethnic and religious identities of the Poles, such as Polish Jews.\nPoles have made important contributions to the world in every major field of human endeavor, among them Copernicus, Marie Curie, Joseph Conrad, Fryderyk Chopin and Pope John Paul II. Notable Polish \u00e9migr\u00e9s \u2013 many of them forced from their homeland by historic vicissitudes \u2013 have included physicist Joseph Rotblat, mathematician Stanis\u0142aw Ulam, pianist Arthur Rubinstein, actresses Helena Modjeska and Pola Negri, military leaders Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko and Casimir Pulaski, U.S. National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, politician Rosa Luxemburg, painter Tamara de Lempicka, filmmakers Samuel Goldwyn and the Warner Brothers, cartoonist Max Fleischer, and cosmeticians Helena Rubinstein and Max Factor.", "Q108861": "King County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. The population was 2,252,782 in the 2019 census estimate, making it the most populous county in Washington, and the 13th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is Seattle, also the state's most populous city.\nKing County is one of three Washington counties that are included in the Seattle\u2013Tacoma\u2013Bellevue metropolitan statistical area. (The others are Snohomish County to the north, and Pierce County to the south.) About two-thirds of King County's population lives in Seattle's suburbs.", "Q85573": "Andreas Zelinka (Czech: Ond\u0159ej Zelinka; born 23 February 1802, in Vy\u0161kov, Moravia \u2013 21 January 1868, in Vienna) served as the mayor of Vienna, Austria from 1861 to 1868.", "Q741784": "James Carr Walton (born June 7, 1948) is an heir to the fortune of Walmart, the world's largest retailer. As of March 2020, Walton was the 8th-richest person in the world, with a net worth of US$54.6 billion. He is the youngest son of Sam Walton.", "Q71394": "A\u1e25mad b. Mu\u1e25ammad b. Ibr\u0101h\u012bm Abu \u2019l-\u02bfAbb\u0101s S\u0332h\u0332ams al-D\u012bn al-Barmak\u012b al-Irbil\u012b al-S\u0332h\u0332\u0101fi\u02bf\u012b, ibn Khallik\u0101n (\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646) (1211 \u2013 1282) was a 13th-century Shafi'i Islamic scholar who compiled the celebrated biographical encyclopedia of Arab scholars, Wafay\u0101t al-A\u02bfy\u0101n wa-Anb\u0101\u02be Abn\u0101\u02be az-Zam\u0101n ('Deaths of Eminent Men and History of the Sons of the Epoch').\n\n", "Q180383": "Helen Elizabeth Clark (born 26 February 1950) is a New Zealand politician who served as the 37th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1999 to 2008, and was the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme from 2009 to 2017. She was New Zealand's fifth-longest-serving prime minister, and the second woman to hold that office.Clark was brought up on a farm outside Hamilton. She entered the University of Auckland in 1968 to study politics, and became active in the New Zealand Labour Party. After graduating she lectured in political studies at the university. Clark entered local politics in 1974 in Auckland but was not elected to any position. Following one unsuccessful attempt, she was elected to Parliament in 1981 as the member for Mount Albert, an electorate she represented until 2009.Clark held numerous Cabinet positions in the Fourth Labour Government, including Minister of Housing, Minister of Health and Minister of Conservation. She was Deputy Prime Minister from 1989 to 1990 under Prime Ministers Geoffrey Palmer and Mike Moore. After Labour's narrow defeat in the 1993 election, Clark challenged Moore for leadership of the party and won, becoming the Leader of the Opposition. Following the 1999 election, Labour formed a governing coalition, and Clark was sworn in as Prime Minister on 10 December 1999.Clark led the Fifth Labour Government, which implemented several major economic initiatives including Kiwibank, the New Zealand Superannuation Fund, the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme and KiwiSaver. Her government also introduced the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, which caused major controversy. In foreign affairs, Clark sent troops to the Afghanistan War, but did not contribute combat troops to the Iraq War. She advocated a number of free-trade agreements with major trading partners, including becoming the first developed nation to sign such an agreement with China, and ordered a military deployment to the 2006 East Timorese crisis alongside international partners. After three successive election victories, her government was defeated in the 2008 election; Clark resigned as Prime Minister and party leader on 19 November 2008. She was succeeded as Prime Minister by John Key of the National Party, and as Leader of the Labour Party by Phil Goff.\nClark resigned from Parliament in April 2009 to become the first female head of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). In 2016, she stood for the position of Secretary-General of the United Nations, but was unsuccessful. She left her UNDP administrator post on 19 April 2017 at the end of her second four-year term and was succeeded by Achim Steiner. In 2019, Clark became the patron of The Helen Clark Foundation.", "Q41257": "Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (; German: [\u02c8ha\u026a\u032fn\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8h\u025b\u0250\u032fts]; 22 February 1857 \u2013 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism. The unit of frequency, cycle per second, was named the \"hertz\" in his honor.", "Q313553": "Pedro Antonio de Alarc\u00f3n y Ariza (10 March 1833 \u2013 19 July 1891) was a nineteenth-century Spanish novelist, best known for his novel El sombrero de tres picos (1874), an adaptation of a popular traditions which provides a lively picture of village life in Alarc\u00f3n's native region of Andalusia. It was the basis for Hugo Wolf's opera Der Corregidor (1897) and Manuel de Falla's ballet The Three-Cornered Hat (1919).\nAlarc\u00f3n wrote another popular short novel, El capit\u00e1n Veneno ('Captain Poison', 1881). He produced four other full-length novels. One of these novels, El esc\u00e1ndalo ('The Scandal', 1875), became noted for its keen psychological insights. Alarc\u00f3n also wrote three travel books and many short stories and essays.\nAlarc\u00f3n was born in Guadix, near Granada. In 1859, he served in a Spanish military operation in Morocco. He gained his first literary recognition with Diary of a Witness to the African War (1859\u20131860), a patriotic account of the campaign.", "Q162306": "Birendra Bir Bikram Shah (Nepali: \u0935\u0940\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0939) (28 December 1945 \u2013 1 June 2001) was the King of Nepal from 1972 until 2001. The eldest son of King Mahendra, he reigned until his death in the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre.", "Q923530": "Pierdomenico Baccalario (born 6 March 1974) is an Italian author of children's and young adult fiction, best known for his Ulysses Moore series that sold more than 3 million copies worldwide.", "Q236089": "Ivana Baquero Mac\u00edas (born 11 June 1994) is a Spanish actress. At the age of 11, she was chosen by director Guillermo del Toro to star as Ofelia in Pan's Labyrinth, for which she won critical acclaim and the Goya Award for Best New Actress. In 2015, she was cast as Eretria in the television series The Shannara Chronicles.", "Q258750": "India Arie Simpson (born October 3, 1975), also known as India.Arie (sometimes styled as india.arie), is an American singer and songwriter. She has sold over 3.3 million records in the US and 10 million worldwide. She has won four Grammy Awards from her 23 nominations, including Best R&B Album.", "Q114290": "Karin Kadenbach (born 19 April 1958) is an Austrian politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 until 2019. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.\n\n", "Q211350": "Emmanuel Rhoides (Greek: \u1f18\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u1f74\u03bb \u1fec\u03bf\u0390\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2; 28 June 1836 \u2013 7 January 1904) was a Greek writer and journalist. He is considered one of the most illustrious and reviving spirits of the Greek letters of his time.", "Q933045": "Karel van Wolferen (born 1941) is a Dutch journalist, writer and professor, who is particularly recognised for his knowledge of Japanese politics, economics, history and culture.", "Q1351217": "Eric \"Bobo\" Correa (born August 27, 1968) is a percussionist and a member of the bands Beastie Boys, then Cypress Hill and Ritmo Machine. He performed and recorded with the Beastie Boys through the 1990s.", "Q746955": "Gotan Project is a musical group based in Paris (France), consisting of musicians Eduardo Makaroff (Argentine), Philippe Cohen Solal (French) and Christoph H. M\u00fcller (Swiss), a former member of Touch El Arab.", "Q247116": "Ansett Australia was a major Australian airline group, based in Melbourne. The airline flew domestically within Australia and from the 1990s to destinations in Asia. After operating for 65 years, the airline was placed into administration in 2001 following a financial collapse and subsequent organised liquidation in 2002, subject to deed of company arrangement.", "Q965203": "Murphy Dunne (born June 22, 1942) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for being the keyboardist/pianist for the Blues Brothers in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers, a role he reprised in the sequel, Blues Brothers 2000. His father was Chicago politician George Dunne.Dunne won the role in The Blues Brothers after their original pianist, Paul Shaffer, could not accept the part due to his contractual obligations with Saturday Night Live, as well as his choice to take part in Gilda Live. Dunne played himself in both of the two Blues Brothers films, with a fictional storyline: Murphy \"Murph\" Dunne was an original member of the Blues Brothers until \"Joliet\" Jake went to prison in the 1970s. He then started his own band called \"Murph and the MagicTones\" along with four other ex-Blues Brothers Band members; Donald \"Duck\" Dunn, Steve \"The Colonel\" Cropper, Willie \"Too Big\" Hall and Tom \"Bones\" Malone. While performing a regular set at the Armada Room in a Chicago area Holiday Inn, Jake and Elwood Blues again approached the band to reform the Blues Brothers band. After a brief tour, Murph was sent to prison with the rest of the Blues Brothers Band. \nWhen the real-life Blues Brothers toured in 1980 to promote the film, Dunne performed live with the band along with Shaffer. His work can be heard on their 1980 album, Made in America.\nDunne also appeared in Chesty Anderson, USN (1976), the disaster spoof The Big Bus (1976), Mel Brooks's High Anxiety (1977), three commercial parody films; Tunnel Vision (1976), American Raspberry (1977) and Loose Shoes (1980), and the teen comedy Bad Manners (aka: Growing Pains) (1984). He played a court stenographer in the movie Oh, God! (1977). Later films include The Main Event (1979), The Last Married Couple in America (1980), Honky Tonk Freeway (1981), Perfect (1985), Hero and the Terror (1988), Phoenix (1998) and The Mothman Prophecies (2002). He has also acted in numerous television shows including Night Court as well as working as a voice actor, and can be heard in Cowboy Bebop: The Movie, Ghost in the Shell: Standalone Complex and in the game, Star Trek: Klingon Academy.", "Q57353": "Gustav Noske (9 July 1868 \u2013 30 November 1946) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He served as the first Minister of Defence (Reichswehrminister) of the Weimar Republic between 1919 and 1920. Noske has been a controversial figure because although he was a member of the socialist movement, he used army and paramilitary forces to bloodily suppress the socialist/communist uprisings of 1919.", "Q196287": "Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin, Ph.D., LL.D. (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0458\u043b\u043e \u0418\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u041f\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043d, pronounced [mi\u02c8x\u01cejlo \u02c8\u00eed\u028bo\u027eski \u02c8p\u01d4pin]; 9 October 1858 \u2013 12 March 1935), also known as Michael I. Pupin was a Serbian American physicist, physical chemist, philanthropist and patriot. \nPupin is best known for his numerous patents, including a means of greatly extending the range of long-distance telephone communication by placing loading coils (of wire) at predetermined intervals along the transmitting wire (known as \"pupinization\"). Pupin was a founding member of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) on 3 March 1915, which later became NASA, and he participated in the founding of American Mathematical Society and American Physical Society.\nIn 1924, he won a Pulitzer Prize for his autobiography. Pupin was elected president or vice-president of the highest scientific and technical institutions, such as the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the New York Academy of Sciences, the Radio Institute of America, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was also a honorary consul of Serbia in the United States from 1912 to 1920 and played a role in determining the borders of newly formed Kingdom of Yugoslavia.", "Q1358555": "Ninja Tune is an English independent record label based in London. It has a satellite office in Los Angeles. It was founded by Matt Black and Jonathan More, better known as Coldcut and managed by Peter Quicke and others.\nInspired by a visit to Japan, Black and More primarily created Ninja Tune in 1990 as a means to escape the creative control of major labels, and to act as a vehicle to release music of a more underground nature, free from the restraints that were put on them via their brief stints with Arista and Big Life. The label has been called \"visionary\" and \"reliably excellent\". It has signed a diverse range of artists, and has created its own publishing company, Just Isn't Music, and finds innovative uses of software.The label's first releases\u2014the first five volumes of DJ Food's Jazz Brakes\u2014were produced by Coldcut in the early 1990s, and celebrated by the music press and beat aficionados. They were composed of instrumental sample-based cuts that led the duo to help pioneer new instrumental hip hop beats genres (alongside the Mo'Wax label and Ninja Tune artists such as Funki Porcini, The Herbaliser and DJ Vadim) and, to this day, are recognized as being indispensable tools for DJs.The label has since released music of myriad artists (including The Cinematic Orchestra, Amon Tobin, Bonobo, Kelis, BICEP, The Bug, Machinedrum, Lee Bannon, Wiley) and distributes other record labels \u2013 including Big Dada, Brainfeeder (Flying Lotus' label) and Technicolour Records.", "Q28587": "Hamad\u0101n (pronounced [h\u00e6med\u0252\u02d0n]) or Hamed\u0101n (Persian: \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u200e, Hamed\u0101n) (Old Persian: Ha\u014bgmetana, Ecbatana) is the capital city of Hamadan Province of Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 676,105 in 210,775 families.Hamedan is believed to be among the oldest Iranian cities. It is possible that it was occupied by the Assyrians in 1100 BCE; the Ancient Greek historian, Herodotus, states that it was the capital of the Medes, around 700 BCE.\nHamedan has a green mountainous area in the foothills of the 3,574-meter Alvand Mountain, in the midwest part of Iran. The city is 1,850 meters above sea level.\nThe special nature of this old city and its historic sites attract tourists during the summer to this city, located approximately 360 kilometres (220 miles) southwest of Tehran.\nThe major sights of this city are the Ganj Nameh inscription, the Avicenna monument and the Baba Taher monument.\nThe majority of the population is Persian; however, there is a considerable Azerbaijani minority.", "Q324499": "Vladislav \"Vlado\" Kristl (24 January 1923, Zagreb, Kingdom of Yugoslavia \u2013 7 July 2004, Munich, Germany) was a filmmaker and artist, best known for his animations and short films.\nKristl first came to international prominence for his formally challenging and rigorous animations, particularly Don Kihot (freely inspired by Cervantes' Don Quixote). The film is a \"graphical and abstract masterpiece which went beyond all existing conventions\" and was awarded the main prize at the Oberhausen International Short Film Festival. Kristl regarded this film, which was not his first, as the one where he \"was finally given a free rein\".In 1962 Kristl made General i resni clovek (The General and the real human being), a satirical live action short film which got him into trouble with the board of censors. He died in 2004, aged 81, in Munich, Germany. With his partner Jelena he had two children, Madeleine (b. 1966) and Pepe Stephan (b. 1968).\n\nHe published two books of poetry: Neznatna lirika (Insignificant lyrics, 1959), and Pet bijelih stepenica (Five white steps, 1961) in Croatian, and several books in German.", "Q708384": "Guy Edward Fletcher (born 24 May 1960 in Maidstone, Kent) is an English multi-instrumentalist, best known for his position as one of the two keyboard players in the rock band Dire Straits from 1984 until the group's dissolution, and his subsequent work with Dire Straits frontman Mark Knopfler. Fletcher was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Dire Straits in 2018.", "Q391544": "Shiri (Korean: \uc26c\ub9ac; RR: Swiri) is a 1999 South Korean action film, written and directed by Kang Je-gyu.\nShiri was the first Hollywood-style big-budget blockbuster to be produced in the \"new\" Korean film industry (i.e. after Korea's major economic boom in late 1990s). Created as a deliberate homage to the \"high-octane\" action film made popular by Hollywood through 1980s, it also contained a story that draws on strong Korean national sentiment to fuel its drama. Much of the film's visual style shares that of the Asian action cinema, and particularly Hong Kong action cinema, of John Woo, Tsui Hark, Ringo Lam, and the relentless pace of the second unit directors, like Vic Armstrong and Guy Hamilton, in the James Bond films.The movie was released under the name Shiri outside of South Korea; in Korea, the title was spelled Swiri. The name refers to Coreoleuciscus splendidus, a fish found in Korean fresh-water streams. At one point in the film protagonist Park Mu-young has a monologue wherein he describes how the waters from both North and South Korea flow freely together, and how the fish can be found in either water without knowing which it belongs to. This ties into the film's ambitions to be the first major-release film to directly address the still-thorny issue of Korean reunification.", "Q337383": "Akira Matsu (\u677e \u3042\u304d\u3089, Matsu Akira, born December 3, 1947) is a Japanese politician of the New Komeito Party, a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Kanagawa Prefecture and former member of Takarazuka Revue, she was elected to the House of Councillors for the first time in 1995 as a candidate for the New Frontier Party. She lost her re-election in July 2007 but in September 2007 took over the seat in the house that was vacated when Yutaka Kobayashi, a member of the house, resigned.\nHer husband Tomoo Nishikawa is a lawyer and a former Representative of Japan.\n\n", "Q167518": "Neal Leon Cassady (February 8, 1926 \u2013 February 4, 1968) was a major figure of the Beat Generation of the 1950s and the psychedelic and counterculture movements of the 1960s.\nHe was prominently featured as himself in the \"scroll\" (first draft) version of Jack Kerouac's novel On the Road, and served as the model for the character Dean Moriarty in the 1957 version of that book. In many of Kerouac's later books, Cassady is represented by the character Cody Pomeray. Cassady also appeared in Allen Ginsberg's poems, and in several other works of literature by other writers.", "Q233697": "Anneliese Louise Van Der Pol (born 23 September 1984) is a Dutch-American actress and singer. Following her early career in musical theatre, she was best known for her role as Chelsea Daniels on That's So Raven, a role she reprises on its sequel Raven's Home. Van der Pol also has a career as a singer and has recorded several songs for The Walt Disney Company. She made her Broadway debut in 2007, and appeared Off-Broadway in 2009. She has also acted in the 2010 vampire spoof film Vampires Suck directed by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer.", "Q213547": "Emanuel Schikaneder (1 September 1751 \u2013 21 September 1812), born Johann Joseph Schickeneder, was a German impresario, dramatist, actor, singer, and composer. He wrote the libretto of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera The Magic Flute and was the builder of the Theater an der Wien. Peter Branscombe called him \"one of the most talented theatre men of his era\".", "Q317053": "University of Giessen, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (German: Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany. It is named after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser. It covers the areas of arts/humanities, business, dentistry, economics, law, medicine, science, social sciences, and veterinary medicine. Its university hospital, which has two sites, Giessen and Marburg (the latter of which is the teaching hospital of the University of Marburg), is the only private university hospital in Germany.", "Q805285": "Balliol College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. One of Oxford's oldest colleges, it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol, a rich landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham, who provided the foundation and endowment for the college. When de Balliol died in 1269 his widow, Dervorguilla, a woman whose wealth far exceeded that of her husband, continued his work in setting up the college, providing a further endowment, and writing the statutes. She is considered a co\u2011founder of the college.The college's alumni include the incumbent Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Boris Johnson, as well as three former prime ministers (H. H. Asquith, who once described Balliol men as possessing \"the tranquil consciousness of an effortless superiority\", Harold Macmillan, and Edward Heath), Harald V of Norway, Empress Masako of Japan, five Nobel laureates, and numerous literary and philosophical figures, including Adam Smith, Gerard Manley Hopkins, and Aldous Huxley. John Wycliffe, who translated the Bible into English, was Master of the college in the 1360s.", "Q723101": "Mark Ryan (born 7 June 1956) is an English actor, author, singer and action director. He is perhaps best known for his portrayal of Mr. Gates in the Michael Bay/Starz production of the pirate show Black Sails, as Nasir in the British TV series Robin of Sherwood, as well as for his work for the Transformers franchise, for which he has voiced Bumblebee, Jetfire and Lockdown. In 2017, he reprised his role as live-action stand-in for the robots in the fifth installment of the Transformers films, Transformers: The Last Knight.", "Q3102924": "Georges-Isidore Delisle was a politician in Quebec, Canada. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly.", "Q773736": "Sidney Clopton Lanier (February 3, 1842 \u2013 September 7, 1881) was an American musician, poet and author. He served in the Confederate States Army as a private, worked on a blockade-running ship for which he was imprisoned (resulting in his catching tuberculosis), taught, worked at a hotel where he gave musical performances, was a church organist, and worked as a lawyer. As a poet he sometimes, though not exclusively, used dialects. Many of his poems are written in heightened, but often archaic, American English. He became a flautist and sold poems to publications. He eventually became a professor of literature at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, and is known for his adaptation of musical meter to poetry. Many schools, other structures and two lakes are named for him, and he became hailed in the South as the \"poet of the Confederacy\". A 1972 US postage stamp honored him as an \"American poet\".", "Q1324688": "El Universal is a major Venezuelan newspaper, headquartered in Caracas with an average daily circulation of about 150,000. The online version carries news, politics, sports, economy and more. El Universal is part of the Latin American Newspaper Association (Spanish, Peri\u00f3dicos Asociados Latinoamericanos), an organization of leading newspapers in Latin America. Its main rival is El Nacional.", "Q589150": "Anton Elbel (6 January 1834 \u2013 3 October 1912) was an Austrian engineer and locomotive designer.\nAnton Elbel was born in Vienna on 6 January 1834 and attended the Polytechnic Institute there. In 1856 he started work for the Carinthian Railway (K\u00e4rntner Bahn). When this was absorbed by the Austrian Southern Railway, or S\u00fcdbahn, he transferred with it and worked in the S\u00fcdbahn design office in Vienna from 1860 to 1867.\nFollowing that he was the inspector of general operations for the construction of the Hungarian Western Railway for several years. From 1872 to 1892 he worked for the Austrian Northwest Railway, finishing as central inspector and president of the design office.\nTogether with Louis Adolf G\u00f6lsdorf he designed the so-called Gep\u00e4cklokomotive, an economical form of locomotive with a luggage compartment that saw service on several Austro-Hungarian railways.\nHe died on 3 October 1912 in Baden, Lower Austria.", "Q7331": "Ibn Battuta (; Arabic: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629\u200e; fully: Shams al-D\u012bn \u02beAb\u016b \u02bfAbd al-L\u0101h Mu\u1e25ammad ibn \u02bfAbd al-L\u0101h l-Law\u0101t\u012b \u1e6d-\u1e6can\u01e7\u012b ibn Ba\u1e6d\u016b\u1e6dah; Arabic: \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629; 24 February 1304 \u2013 1368 or 1369) was a Muslim Berber Moroccan scholar, and explorer who widely travelled the medieval world. Over a period of thirty years, Ibn Battuta visited most of the Islamic world and many non-Muslim lands, including Central Asia, Southeast Asia, India and China. Near the end of his life, he dictated an account of his journeys, titled A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Traveling. He travelled more than any other explorer in distance, totaling around 117,000 km, surpassing Zheng He with about 50,000 km and Marco Polo with 12,000 km.", "Q147810": "Anton Ingoli\u010d (5 January 1907 \u2013 11 March 1992) was a Slovene writer, playwright, and editor. \nHe is best known for his novels and youth literature.\nIngoli\u010d was born in Spodnja Polskava near Slovenska Bistrica in the Austro-Hungarian Duchy of Styria (present-day eastern Slovenia). He went to the local school and completed his secondary education in Maribor before studying in Ljubljana and Paris. He worked as a secondary-school Slovene and French language teacher in Ptuj, Maribor, and Ljubljana. \nHe was editor of the journal Nova Obzorja and became a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1976.He won the Pre\u0161eren Award twice, in 1949 for his novel Pot po nasipu and in 1978 for his literary opus for youth and adults. Between 1961 and 1963 he was president of the Slovene Writers' Association.The primary school in Spodnja Polskava is named after Ingoli\u010d.", "Q44449": "Randal Keith Orton (born April 1, 1980) is an American professional wrestler and actor. He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the Raw brand.Orton is a third-generation professional wrestler; his grandfather Bob Orton, father Bob Orton Jr., and uncle Barry Orton were all professional wrestlers. Before being signed by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), he trained in and wrestled for Mid-Missouri Wrestling Association-Southern Illinois Conference Wrestling. He was then signed by the WWF and was sent to Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW), where he held the OVW Hardcore Championship twice.Orton became a member of the stable Evolution shortly after his WWE debut, which quickly led to an Intercontinental Championship reign, his first title with the company. He also acquired the moniker \"The Legend Killer\" during a storyline where he began disrespecting and then physically attacking WWE Hall of Famers and wrestling veterans. At age 24, he became the youngest world champion in WWE history after he won the World Heavyweight Championship from Chris Benoit. With this win, he departed from Evolution and a feud with his former stablemates began. In 2006, Orton joined forces with Edge in a tag team known as Rated-RKO. Together, they held the World Tag Team Championship. After Rated-RKO disbanded in mid-2007, Orton gained two WWE Championship reigns in one night, becoming the second youngest two-time WWE Champion at the age of 27. He formed the group The Legacy with Cody Rhodes and Ted DiBiase Jr. in 2008. They disbanded in 2010, and Orton returned to singles competition. From 2013 to 2015, he was aligned with The Authority, who named him the \"face of the WWE\". In 2016, he joined The Wyatt Family, winning the SmackDown Tag Team Championship with stablemates Bray Wyatt and Luke Harper before turning on them in 2017. He won his first United States Championship in 2018, becoming the 18th overall Grand Slam Champion after already having been the 17th Triple Crown Champion.\nOrton has held the WWE Championship nine times and WWE's World Heavyweight Championship four times. He was the final holder of the World Heavyweight Championship, which he unified with the WWE Championship to become the WWE World Heavyweight Champion by defeating John Cena at TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs in 2013. Orton is recognized by WWE as having the fourth-most world championship victories in history, behind only Cena, Ric Flair, and Triple H. He is the winner of the 2013 Money in the Bank ladder match, as well as the 2009 and 2017 Royal Rumble matches, and has headlined multiple WWE pay-per-view events, including WrestleMania XXV and WrestleMania XXX.", "Q504512": "Francisco Manuel da Silva (21 February 1795 \u2013 18 December 1865) was a songwriter and music professor. He was born and died in Rio de Janeiro. He had great prominence in the musical life of Rio de Janeiro in the period between the death of Jos\u00e9 Maur\u00edcio Nunes Garcia and Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Gomes. He was a singer of Capela Real since 1809, and later a cello player. He was one of the founders of Imperial Academia de M\u00fasica e \u00d3pera Nacional (National Imperial Music and Opera Academy), of Sociedade Benefic\u00eancia Musical e Conservat\u00f3rio Imperial de M\u00fasica, which became Instituto Nacional de M\u00fasica (Nacional Music Institute) and is called Escola de M\u00fasica da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro University Music School).\nHe was taught by Jos\u00e9 Maur\u00edcio Nunes Garcia and, most probably, by Sigismund Neukomm. He was directly responsible for Capela Imperial's reinstatement and being turned to its old beauty. He left a handful of works, spread around Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and S\u00e3o Paulo archives, covering gospel music, modinhas and lundus.\nHe wrote the Brazilian National Anthem, first as a patriotic march, since Dom Pedro I's resignation, later being officialized as anthem by the Brazilian Republic Revolution (1889). He also composed one opera, O prestigio da lei.", "Q418649": "Akio \u014ctsuka (\u5927\u585a \u660e\u592b, \u014ctsuka Akio, born November 24, 1959) is a Japanese actor and voice actor from the Tokyo Metropolitan area. He is attached to Mausu Promotion.The astringent and calm quality of his deep voice has landed him many roles in films, dubbing, animation, and video games. He is most known for the roles of Black Jack (Black Jack), Solid Snake, Naked Snake, Solidus Snake and Venom Snake (Metal Gear games), Gamigami Devil (Popolocrois), Ryoma Hoshi (Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony) Shunsui Kyouraku (Bleach), Lieutenant Garuru (Sgt. Frog), Gwendel von Voltaire (Kyo Kara Maoh!), Batou (Ghost in the Shell series and movies), Blackbeard (One Piece), Twin brother police Inspector's Sango and Jugo Yokomizo (Detective Conan), Bryan Hawk (Hajime no Ippo), All For One (My Hero Academia), Rider (Fate/Zero), Wamuu (JoJo's Bizarre Adventure), Anavel Gato (Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory) and the various incarnations of Xehanort (Kingdom Hearts series). Apart from voicing villainous or jokester characters, he also occasionally does narration for anime shows. He is the son of the late voice actor Chikao Ohtsuka.", "Q87402": "Hans-Peter D\u00fcrr (7 October 1929 \u2013 18 May 2014) was a German physicist. He worked on nuclear and quantum physics, elementary particles and gravitation, epistemology, and philosophy, and he has advocated responsible scientific and energy policies. In 1987, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for \"his profound critique of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and his work to convert high technology to peaceful uses.\"", "Q212659": "Monica Samille Lewinsky (born July 23, 1973) is an American activist, television personality, fashion designer, and former White House intern. President Bill Clinton admitted to having had what he called an \"inappropriate relationship\" with Lewinsky while she worked at the White House in 1995\u20131996. The affair and its repercussions (which included Clinton's impeachment) became known later as the Clinton\u2013Lewinsky scandal.\nAs a result of the public coverage of the political scandal, Lewinsky gained international celebrity status. She subsequently engaged in a variety of ventures that included designing a line of handbags under her name, being an advertising spokesperson for a diet plan, and working as a television personality. Lewinsky later decided to leave the public spotlight to pursue a master's degree in psychology in London. In 2014, she returned to public view as a social activist speaking out against cyberbullying.", "Q169535": "Zebulon Baird Vance (May 13, 1830 \u2013 April 14, 1894) was a Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, and U.S. Senator. A prolific writer, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and postbellum periods. As a leader of the \"New South\", Vance favored the rapid modernization of the Southern economy, railroad expansion, school construction, and reconciliation with the North. \n\n", "Q450802": "Vera Mary Brittain (29 December 1893 \u2013 29 March 1970) was an English Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) nurse, writer, feminist, socialist, and pacifist. Her best-selling 1933 memoir Testament of Youth recounted her experiences during the First World War and the beginning of her journey towards pacifism.", "Q108134": "Ernst Burgbacher (born 28 May 1949 in Trossingen) is a German politician and member of the FDP.\n\n", "Q428761": "The Knot (simplified Chinese: \u4e91\u6c34\u8c23; traditional Chinese: \u96f2\u6c34\u8b20; pinyin: Y\u00fan sh\u01d4i y\u00e1o; literally: 'The Song of the Clouds and Waters') is a 2006 Chinese film directed by Yin Li. It was China's submission to the 80th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not nominated.It won the Best Film in the 2007 Golden Rooster Awards, and was named Outstanding Film by the 2008 Hundred Flowers Awards.", "Q329156": "Whitner Nutting Bissell (October 25, 1909 \u2013 March 5, 1996) was an American character actor.", "Q264724": "Nigella Lucy Lawson (born 6 January 1960) is an English food writer, chef and cooking show host. She is the daughter of Nigel Lawson, a former Conservative Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Vanessa (n\u00e9e Salmon) Lawson, whose family owned the J. Lyons and Co. food and catering business.\nShe attended Godolphin and Latymer School, London. After graduating from the University of Oxford, where she was a member of Lady Margaret Hall, Lawson started work as a book reviewer and restaurant critic, later becoming the deputy literary editor of The Sunday Times in 1986. She then embarked upon a career as a freelance journalist, writing for a number of newspapers and magazines. In 1998 her first cookery book, How to Eat, was published and sold 300,000 copies, becoming a best-seller. She published her second book in 2000, How to Be a Domestic Goddess, which won her the British Book Award for Author of the Year.\nIn 1999 she hosted her own cooking show series, Nigella Bites, on Channel 4, accompanied by another best-selling cookbook. Nigella Bites won Lawson a Guild of Food Writers Award; her 2005 ITV daytime chat show Nigella met with a negative critical reaction and was cancelled after attracting low ratings. She hosted the Food Network's Nigella Feasts in the United States in 2006, followed by a three-part BBC Two series, Nigella's Christmas Kitchen, in the UK, which led to the commissioning of Nigella Express on BBC Two in 2007. Her own cookware range, Living Kitchen, has a value of \u00a37 million, and she has sold more than 3 million cookery books worldwide to date.", "Q90195": "Albert J\u00e4ger (8 December 1801, Schwaz \u2013 10 December 1891, Innsbruck) was an Austrian priest and historian who specialized in Tyrolean history.\nFrom 1826 he studied theology in Brixen, becoming ordained as a priest in 1829. In 1846 he was appointed professor of universal and Austrian state history at the University of Innsbruck. In 1849 he became director of the Benedictine gymnasium in Merano \u2014 two years later, being appointed professor of Austrian history at the University of Vienna.In 1854 he founded the Instituts f\u00fcr \u00f6sterreichische Geschichtsforschung (Institute for Austrian Historical Research), serving as its first director up until 1869. From 1867 to 1871, he was a member of the Reichsrat.", "Q232562": "Ruth Gordon Jones (October 30, 1896 \u2013 August 28, 1985) was an American film, stage, and television actress, as well as a screenwriter and playwright. Gordon began her career performing on Broadway at age nineteen. Known for her nasal voice and distinctive personality, she gained international recognition and critical acclaim for film roles that continued into her seventies and eighties. Her later work included performances in Rosemary's Baby (1968), Where's Poppa? (1970), Harold and Maude (1971), Every Which Way but Loose (1978) and Any Which Way You Can (1980).In addition to her acting career, Gordon wrote numerous plays, film scripts, and books, most notably co-writing the screenplay for the 1949 film Adam's Rib. Gordon won an Oscar, an Emmy, and two Golden Globe Awards for her acting, as well as received three Academy Award nominations for her writing.", "Q179915": "Benjamin Winslow Harris (November 10, 1823 \u2013 February 7, 1907) was a nineteenth-century politician, lawyer and judge from Massachusetts. He was the father of Robert Orr Harris.\nBorn in East Bridgewater, Massachusetts, Harris pursued an academic course at Phillips Academy, Andover, graduating in 1847. He graduated from Dane Law School of Harvard University in 1849. He was admitted to the bar in Boston, Massachusetts in 1850, commencing practice in East Bridgewater. He served in the Massachusetts Senate in 1857, was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1858, was district attorney for the southeastern district of Massachusetts from 1858 to 1866 and was collector of internal revenue for the second district of Massachusetts from 1866 to 1873.\nHarris was elected a Republican to the United States House of Representatives in 1872, serving from 1873 to 1883, not being a candidate for renomination in 1882. There, he served as chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs from 1881 to 1883. Afterwards, he resumed practicing law in East Bridgewater, Massachusetts and was judge of probate for Plymouth County, Massachusetts from 1887 to 1906. Harris died in East Bridgewater on February 7, 1907 and was interred in Central Cemetery in East Bridgewater.", "Q713029": "Henry Philip Folland OBE (22 January 1889 \u2013 5 September 1954) was an English aviation engineer and aircraft designer.", "Q72110": "Hellmut Georg von Gerlach (February 2, 1866 \u2013 August 1, 1935) was a German journalist and politician.", "Q468345": "Albert Ghiorso (July 15, 1915 \u2013 December 26, 2010) was an American nuclear scientist and co-discoverer of a record 12 chemical elements on the periodic table. His research career spanned six decades, from the early 1940s to the late 1990s.", "Q330407": "Abraham Moles (1920 \u2013 22 May 1992) was an engineer of electrical engineering and acoustics, and a doctor of physics and philosophy. He was one of the first researchers to establish and analyze links between aesthetics and information theory.\nHe taught sociology and psychology at the Universities of Ulm, Strasbourg, San Diego, Mexico, Compi\u00e8gne, and founded the Institute of Social Psychology of Communication in Strasbourg.\nAbraham Moles followed technology studies (electricity and acoustics) at the University of Grenoble (France), as well as he was preparing a bachelor in sciences of nature.\nHe was first appointed as assistant professor at the Laboratory of metal physics, under the direction of F\u00e9lix Esclangon, then of Louis N\u00e9el. There he learned techniques of metal work, then electric and electronic tools. He wrote reports on testing materials and analysis.\nAt the end of the Second World War, he was hired by the French Research Institute the Centre national de la recherche scientifique, more precisely at the Laboratory of acoustics and vibrations, in Marseille, and at the CRSIM (Centre de recherche scientifique industriel et maritime), which was the continuation of the French National Marine Laboratory.\nHe also followed the philosophy courses of Aim\u00e9 Forest and Jacques Chevalier at the University of Grenoble, then the courses of Gaston Berger at the University of Aix, and the courses of Gaston Bachelard at the Sorbonne.\nIn 1952, he defended a PhD on La structure physique du signal musical et phon\u00e9tique (under the direction of Ren\u00e9 Lucas, Edmond Bauer, Henri Pieron and the physiologist Alexandre Monnier).\nHe participated to the works of the Centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes de la radio-t\u00e9l\u00e9vision (Jean Tardieu, dir.), and, in particular, was a member of the team around Pierre Schaeffer.\nBut lacking money, he accepted two grants of the Rockefeller Foundation, in order to work at Columbia University (Music Department headed by Vladimir Ussachevsky).\nIn 1954, he defended a second PhD, in philosophy, under the title \"La cr\u00e9ation scientifique\", under the direction of Bachelard.\nFrom 1954 to 1960, with many interruptions, Abraham Moles was the director of the Laboratoire d\u2019\u00e9lectroacoustique Scherchen, in the small village of Gravesano, in Switzerland, under the direction of Hermann Scherchen, one of the pioneers of Radio Berlin, who had discovered composers as famous as Luciano Berio, Iannis Xenakis, Bruno Maderna, Luigi Nono.\nAt the same time, Abraham Moles was teaching at the University of Stuttgart (with Max Bense), of Bonn, of Berlin and of Utrecht. He was finally appointed full professorship at the Ulm School of Design.\nAfter 1966, he taught in Strasbourg (in the department created by Henri Lefebvre), first in sociology, then in the professorship of social psychology. He created there an Institute for social psychology of communications, usually called \u00c9cole de Strasbourg, by former students now members of the Association internationale de micropsychologie et de psychologie sociale des communications. He developed an article \"Art et ordinateur\" (1970) into the book Art et ordinateur (1971). transposed for aesthetics the theories of Shannon.\nHe was also the president of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de cybern\u00e9tique, founded by Louis Couffignal.", "Q166835": "Wallace Stevens (October 2, 1879 \u2013 August 2, 1955) was an American modernist poet. He was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, educated at Harvard and then New York Law School, and he spent most of his life working as an executive for an insurance company in Hartford, Connecticut. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for his Collected Poems in 1955.\nStevens's first period of writing begins with his 1923 publication of the Harmonium collection, followed by a slightly revised and amended second edition in 1930. His second period occurred in the eleven years immediately preceding the publication of his Transport to Summer, when Stevens had written three volumes of poems including Ideas of Order, The Man with the Blue Guitar, Parts of the World, along with Transport to Summer. His third and final period of writing poems occurred with the publication of The Auroras of Autumn in the early 1950s followed by the release of his Collected Poems in 1954 a year before his death.\nHis best-known poems include The Auroras of Autumn, \"Anecdote of the Jar\", \"Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock\", \"The Emperor of Ice-Cream\", \"The Idea of Order at Key West\", \"Sunday Morning\", \"The Snow Man\", and \"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird\".\n\n", "Q1461616": "Friedrich Rabenschlag (2 July 1902 \u2013 7 August 1973) was a German choral conductor.", "Q4707493": "Alan Patricof (born 1934) is an American investor, one of the early pioneers of the venture capital and private equity industries. He founded Apax Partners (based on a play on Patricof's name: Alan Patricof Associates Cross (x) Border), which is today one of the largest private equity firms globally.", "Q82591": "The National Liberation Party (Spanish: Partido Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional, commonly abbreviated as PLN), nicknamed the verdiblancos (\"green and whites\"), is a political party in Costa Rica. The party is a member of the Socialist International.", "Q432739": "Tyler Lee Hoechlin (; born September 11, 1987) is an American actor. Initially earning recognition for starring as Michael Sullivan Jr. in the 2002 film Road to Perdition, Hoechlin went on to star as Martin Brewer on 7th Heaven between 2003 and 2007. In television, he is also known for portraying Derek Hale on Teen Wolf and Superman on Supergirl in the Arrowverse.", "Q3327513": "Paul Dakeyo (born 1948) is a French-Cameroonian writer.Dakeyo was born in Bafoussam, Cameroon. In 1969 he moved to Paris, where in 1980 he founded the publishing house \u00c9ditions Silex, later Nouvelles du Sud.", "Q163795": "Valenciennes (, also UK: , US: , French: [val\u0251\u0303sj\u025bn] (listen); Dutch: Valencijn; Picard: Valincyinne; Latin: Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.\nIt lies on the Scheldt (French: Escaut) river. Although the city and region experienced a steady population decline between 1975 and 1990, it has since rebounded. The 1999 census recorded that the population of the commune of Valenciennes was 41,278, and that of the metropolitan area was 399,677.", "Q69256": "Wilderswil is a village and a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nWilderswil belongs to the Small Agglomeration Interlaken with 23,300 inhabitants (2014).", "Q912060": "Brian Davison (25 May 1942 \u2013 15 April 2008), nicknamed \"Blinky\", was a British drummer, best known for his work in The Nice. He was born in Leicester and died in Horns Cross, Bideford, Devon.", "Q71419": "Karl-Hermann Flach (October 17, 1929 \u2013 August 25, 1973) was a German journalist of the Frankfurter Rundschau and a politician of the liberal Free Democrats (FDP).\nFlach was born in K\u00f6nigsberg. He became a member of the liberal LDP (in the Soviet zone of Germany) and worked in 1948/1949 for the LDP newspaper Norddeutsche Zeitung in Schwerin. In October 1949 he fled to West-Berlin and became a member of the FDP. In 1949-1953 he studied political science.\nIn 1956 he started to work for the federal headquarters of the party and had important campaign jobs in 1957 and 1961. But in 1962 he left the party organisation for the Frankfurter Rundschau, a leading newspaper then considered liberal. From 1971 on he worked again for the FDP, this time as secretary-general of chairman Walter Scheel. Being elected to the Bundestag in 1972 he became vice chairman of the Bundestag party.\nFlach died prematurely in Frankfurt, aged 43, in 1973 after having suffered a stroke a month before.\nFlach belonged to the left wing of his party and is considered an important contributor to social liberalism. He was one of the authors of the left liberal Freiburger Thesen, a programmatic paper the party accepted at its congress in October 1971. They stand for the turn to the left the party started in 1968 to become more independent from the conservatives and have a coalition with the social democrats (1969-1982). \nHe has been honoured with several prizes for his work as a journalist. Later came a foundation and a prize named after him.", "Q142983": "Sergius I (Greek: \u03a3\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u0384, Sergios I ; d. 9 December 638 in Constantinople) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 610 to 638. He is most famous for promoting Monothelite Christianity, especially through the Ecthesis.Sergius was born of Syrian Jacobite heritage. He first came to power as Patriarch of Constantinople in 610. He was also a known supporter of Emperor Heraclius, crowning Heraclius as Emperor himself in 610. Sergius also provided support to Heraclius throughout his campaign against the Persians. Sergius also played a prominent role in the defense of Constantinople against the combined Avar-Persian-Slavic forces during their invasion of Constantinople in 626. Sergius' connections to both political and religious authorities gave him to his influence in both the religious and political communities to further Monothelitism as the primary formula of Christ within the church. This was met with much opposition, especially from that of the Chalcedonian supporters, Maximus the Confessor and Sophronius. In response to their resistance to accept the ideas of Monothelitism, Sergius responded with the Ecthesis, a formula which forbade the idea that the Person of Christ had two energies in favour of the idea that the Person of Christ had two natures that were united by a single will. The Ecthesis was signed by Heraclius in 638, the same year that Sergius died. \nThe Ecthesis would only be seen as an accepted doctrine for two years; the death of Pope Honorius I resulted in a significant reduction in Monothelitism support. The Ecthesis was condemned in 640 by Pope John IV. Additionally, both Sergius and Pope Honorius I were condemned as heretics by the church in 680-681 by the Third Council of Constantinople.", "Q49186": "The city of Northampton is the county seat of Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of Northampton (including its outer villages, Florence and Leeds) was 28,549.Northampton is known as an academic, artistic, musical, and countercultural hub. It features a large politically liberal community along with numerous alternative health and intellectual organizations. Based on U.S. Census demographics, election returns, and other criteria, the website Epodunk rates Northampton as the most politically liberal medium-size city (population 25,000\u201399,000) in the United States. The city has a high proportion of residents who identify as gay and lesbian, a high number of same-sex households, and is a popular destination for the LGBT community.Northampton is part of the Pioneer Valley and is one of the northernmost cities in the Knowledge Corridor\u2014a cross-state cultural and economic partnership with other Connecticut River Valley cities and towns. Northampton is part of the Springfield Metropolitan Area, one of western Massachusetts's two separate metropolitan areas. It sits approximately 19 miles (31 km) north of the city of Springfield.\nNorthampton is home to Smith College, Northampton High School, Smith Vocational and Agricultural High School, and the Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech.", "Q70707": "Ludwig Fischer (16 April 1905 \u2013 8 March 1947) was a German Nazi Party lawyer, politician and a convicted war criminal who was executed for war crimes.", "Q1844745": "Sampo Karjalainen (born May 2, 1977) is one of the original founders of Sulake and Habbo Hotel, an online social networking video game aimed at teenagers. Sampo has also been in other projects, including Bobba Bar for iPhone. Karjalainen is now the designer, chief executive officer, and co-founder of ProtoGeo Inc., the creators of the Moves fitness tracker app for iOS.He studied literature, theoretical physics and information processing at the University of Helsinki.\n\n", "Q2629392": "A puppeteer is a person who manipulates an inanimate object, called a puppet, to create the illusion that the puppet is alive. The puppet is often shaped like a human, animal, or legendary creature. The puppeteer may be visible to or hidden from the audience. A puppeteer can operate a puppet indirectly by the use of strings, rods, wires, electronics or directly by his or her own hands placed inside the puppet or holding it externally or any other part of the body- such as the legs. Some puppet styles require two or more puppeteers to work together to create a single puppet character.\nThe puppeteer's role is to manipulate the physical object in such a manner that the audience believes the object is imbued with life. In some instances, the persona of the puppeteer is also an important feature, as with ventriloquist's dummy performers, in which the puppeteer and the human figure-styled puppet appear onstage together, and in theatre shows like Avenue Q.\nThe puppeteer might speak in the role of the puppet's character, synchronising the movements of the puppet's mouth. However, there is much puppetry which does not use the moving mouth (which is a lip-sync innovation created originally for television where close-ups are popular). Often, in theatre, a moveable mouth is used only for gestural expression, or speech might be produced by a non-moving mouth. In traditional glove puppetry often one puppeteer will operate two puppets at a time out of a cast of several.\nMuch work is produced without any speech at all with all the emphasis on movement.\nThe relationship between the puppeteer and the puppet-maker is similar to that between an actor and a playwright, in cases where a puppet-maker designs a puppet for a puppeteer. Very often, though, the puppeteer assumes the joint roles of puppet-maker, director, designer, writer and performer. In this case a puppeteer is a more complete theatre practitioner than is the case with other theatre forms, in which one person writes a play, another person directs it, and then actors perform the lines and gestures.\nPuppetry is a complex medium sometimes consisting of live performance, sometimes contributing to stop frame puppet animation, and film where performances might be technically processed as motion capture, CGI or as virtual puppetry.", "Q665815": "The Cimeti\u00e8re des Rois (French: Cemetery of Kings) (officially Cimeti\u00e8re de Plainpalais), is a cemetery in Geneva, Switzerland, where John Calvin (the Protestant reformer), Jorge Luis Borges (the Argentine author), S\u00e9rgio Vieira de Mello (the former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights), Ernest Ansermet (renowned Swiss conductor), and Jean Piaget (the noted developmental psychologist and epistemologist) are buried. The composer Frank Martin, Humphry Davy, Alberto Ginastera, Griselidis Real and Alice Rivaz, editor Fran\u00e7ois Lachenal, Robert Musil and actor Fran\u00e7ois Simon are also buried there. Politicians are also buried there, such as Adrien Lachenal (President of the Confederation), Paul Lachenal, Antoine Carteret, Willy Donz\u00e9, and Gustave Moynier (President of the Red Cross).The cemetery is commonly named after la rue des Rois (French: Kings Street) near which it is situated.", "Q507796": "The Gujarat Sultanate was a medieval Indian Muslim Jat kingdom established in the early 15th century in present-day Gujarat, India. The founder of the ruling Muzaffarid dynasty, Zafar Khan (later Muzaffar Shah I) was appointed as governor of Gujarat by Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad bin Tughluq IV in 1391, the ruler of the principal state in north India at the time, the Delhi Sultanate. Zafar Khan's father Sadharan, was a Hindu Tanka Jat who converted to IslamZafar Khan defeated Farhat-ul-Mulk near Anhilwada Patan and made the city his capital. Following Timur's invasion of Delhi, the Delhi Sultanate weakened considerably so he declared himself independent in 1407 and formally established Gujarat Sultanate. The next sultan, his grandson Ahmad Shah I founded the new capital Ahmedabad in 1411. His successor Muhammad Shah II subdued most of the Rajput chieftains. The prosperity of the sultanate reached its zenith during the rule of Mahmud Begada. He subdued most of the Rajput chieftains and built navy off the coast of Diu. In 1509, the Portuguese wrested Diu from Gujarat sultanate following the battle of Diu. The decline of the Sultanate started with the assassination of Sikandar Shah in 1526. Mughal emperor Humayun attacked Gujarat in 1535 and briefly occupied it. Thereafter Bahadur Shah was killed by the Portuguese while making a deal in 1537. The end of the sultanate came in 1573, when Akbar annexed Gujarat in his empire. The last ruler Muzaffar Shah III was taken prisoner to Agra. In 1583, he escaped from the prison and with the help of the nobles succeeded to regain the throne for a short period before being defeated by Akbar's general Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana.\n\n", "Q70061": "Nuglar-St. Pantaleon (Swiss German: Nugle-B\u00e4ntlion) is a municipality in the district of Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q1742077": "King Records was an American leading independent record company and label founded in 1943 by Syd Nathan in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The label owned several divisions, including Federal Records, which launched the career of James Brown, it operated until 1975, and now operates as a reissue label.", "Q602130": "Fysisk Format is a Norwegian record label specialising in the underground music scene of Oslo. The label was created in 2008 by Kristian Kallevik, with members from Okkultokrati, \u00c5rabrot, Aristillus (band) and Sn\u00f6ras also working there throughout the years. Fysisk Format has its headquarters in the basement of renowned underground record store Tiger Records in the centre of Oslo. They also distribute records for other labels under the name of Diger.\nThe label has made a statement by focusing on physical formats and quality packaging in a time when more and more labels go for digital solutions.", "Q69530": "Ch\u00eane-Bougeries is a municipality in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. It recently crossed the symbolic barrier of 10,000 inhabitants.\n\n", "Q464219": "Henry Cantwell \"Harry\" Wallace (May 11, 1866 \u2013 October 25, 1924) was an American farmer, journalist, and political activist who served as the Secretary of Agriculture from 1921 to 1924. He was the father of Henry A. Wallace, who would follow in his footsteps as Secretary of Agriculture and later became Vice President under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was an editor of Wallaces' Farmer from 1916 to 1921.\n\n", "Q66603": "Georg Ratzinger (April 3, 1844 in Rickering at Deggendorf \u2013 December 3, 1899 in Munich) was a German Catholic priest, political economist, social reformer, author and politician. He saw the gospel and Catholic social teaching as a means of empowering the poor.\nRatzinger was a pupil at the gymnasium at Passau during the years 1855\u201363, studied theology at Munich, 1863\u201367, and was ordained priest in 1867. In 1868 he received the degree of Doctor of Theology at Munich. During the following years he devoted himself partly to pastoral, partly to journalistic work. In 1869 he was chaplain at Berchtesgaden; 1870\u201371 he was editor of the journal \"Fr\u00e4nkisches Volksblatt\" at W\u00fcrzburg; 1872\u201374, chaplain at Landshut, then editor, until 1876, of the \"Volksfreund\", at Munich.He was a member of the Parliament of Bavaria from 1875 to 1878 and of the German Reichstag from 1877 to 1878. During this period he belonged to the Centre Party. He combined the roles of priest and politician in a way which his grandnephew, Pope Benedict XVI, rejected.\nWith exception of a pastorate of three years at G\u00fcnzelhafen, 1885\u20131888, he lived for a number of years at Munich, where he devoted himself to journalism and research.\nIn 1893 Ratzinger was again elected to the Bavarian Landtag, where he was now a moderate adherent of the \"Bayerischer Bauernbund\" (Bavarian Peasant Union) party, his views of social politics having caused him in the meantime to sever his connections with the Centre Party. In 1898 he was again elected a member of the Reichstag. He remained a member of both bodies until his death.\nAs a literary man Ratzinger deserves much credit for his scholarly work in political economy and in historical subjects. His chief works, distinguished by erudition, richness of thought, and animated exposition, are: \"Geschichte der Armenpflege\" (prize essay, Freiburg, 1868, 2nd revised ed., 1884); \"Die Volkswirtschaft in ihren sittlichen Grundlagen. Ethnischsociale Studien \u00fcber Cultur und Civilisation (Freiburg, 1881; 2nd. completely revised ed., 1895).\nThe later work maintains the ethical principles of Christianity as the only sure basis of political economy and opposes the materialistic system of what is called the \"classical political economy\" of Adam Smith.\n\"Forschungen zur bayerischen Geschichte\" (Kempten, 1898) contains a large number of studies on early Bavarian history and on the history of civilization, based on a series of unconnected treatises, which had first appeared in the \"Historisch-politische Bl\u00e4tter\". Of his smaller works the following should be mentioned: \"Das Concil und die deustche Wissenschaft\" (anonymously issued at Mainz, 1872) appeared first in the \"Katholik\", 1872, I; \"Die Erhaltung des Bauernstandes\" (Freiburg, 1883).\nHis nephew was the police officer Joseph Ratzinger, Sr., father of Pope Benedict XVI (born Joseph Ratzinger) and Georg Ratzinger, the priest and church musician.", "Q277980": "Paul Frankeur (29 June 1905 - 27 October 1974) was a French actor who appeared in films by Jacques Tati (Jour de f\u00eate) and Luis Bu\u00f1uel (The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie and The Phantom of Liberty). He was sometimes credited as Paul Francoeur.", "Q3802": "Hanau [\u02c8ha\u02d0na\u028a\u032f] is a town in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is located 25 km east of Frankfurt am Main and is part of the Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region. Its station is a major railway junction and it has a port on the river Main, making it an important transport centre. The town is known for being the birthplace of Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm and Franciscus Sylvius. Since the 16th century it was a centre of precious metal working with many goldsmiths. It is home to Heraeus, one of the largest family-owned companies in Germany. \nHanau, once the seat of the Counts of Hanau, lost much of its architectural heritage in World War II. A British air raid in 1945 created a firestorm, killing one sixth of the remaining population and destroying 98 percent of the old city and 80 percent of the city overall.\nIn 1963, the town hosted the third Hessentag state festival. Until 2005, Hanau was the administrative centre of the Main-Kinzig-Kreis. On 19 February 2020, a gunman attacked two hookah lounges in Hanau, murdering nine people with roots outside Germany, before shooting his mother and himself.", "Q700055": "Tegel is a locality (Ortsteil) in the Berlin borough of Reinickendorf on the shore of Lake Tegel. The Tegel locality, the second largest in area (after K\u00f6penick) of the 96 Berlin districts, also includes the neighbourhood of Saatwinkel.", "Q1141725": "Klaus R\u00f6der (often spelled Roeder) is a German musician and music teacher, born 7 April 1948 in Stuttgart, Germany. He currently lives and teaches in Langenfeld (Rhld.), Germany. R\u00f6der is married and has three children.\nHe studied violin and piano, then began a study of sound engineering in 1968, later switching to part-time studies in composition and guitar at the Robert Schumann Hochschule in D\u00fcsseldorf, ultimately graduating in 1980 with a diploma in electronic music composition.\nInterested in experimental and avant garde music he began creating custom-made instruments, also using synthesizers and tape recorders to manipulate recorded sounds.\nDuring this period he played guitar (used as a sound trigger device for synthesizer) in a free jazz group, Synthesis, and briefly, during 1974, with the electronic band Kraftwerk.Since 1975 he has worked from his own electronic music studio, latterly using personal computers entirely for composing and creating music.R\u00f6der had an interview about his Kraftwerk time on music documentary film \"Kraftwerk And The Electronic Revolution\" produced by Rob Johnstone, released in 2008.", "Q1329421": "Elijah Wald (born 1959) is an American folk blues guitarist and music historian. He is a 2002 Grammy Award winner for his liner notes to The Arhoolie Records 40th Anniversary Box: The Journey of Chris Strachwitz.", "Q573017": "Swans () are an American experimental rock band formed in 1982 by singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Michael Gira. One of few acts to emerge from the New York City-based no wave scene and stay intact into the next decade, Swans have become recognized for an ever-changing sound, exploring genres such as noise rock, post-punk, industrial and post-rock. Initially, their music was known for its sonic brutality and misanthropic lyrics. Following the addition of singer, songwriter and keyboardist Jarboe in 1986, Swans began to incorporate melody and intricacy into their music. Jarboe remained the band's only constant member except Gira and semi-constant guitarist Norman Westberg until their dissolution in 1997.\nSince 1990, all Swans records have been released through Gira's own label, Young God Records. In 2010, Gira re-formed the band without Jarboe, establishing a stable lineup of musicians which has toured worldwide and released four albums to critical acclaim. This iteration of the group performed its last shows in November 2017, ending the tour in support of its final album The Glowing Man. Since 2019, Gira is touring and recording with Swans as \"a revolving cast of contributors\". A new album, Leaving Meaning, was released on October 25, 2019.", "Q596925": "Edmund Clerihew Bentley (10 July 1875 \u2013 30 March 1956), who generally published under the names E. C. Bentley or E. Clerihew Bentley, was a popular English novelist and humorist, and inventor of the clerihew, an irregular form of humorous verse on biographical topics.", "Q887279": "James Ole Davidson (February 10, 1854 \u2013 December 16, 1922) was an American merchant and politician in Wisconsin. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin and the 21st Governor of the U.S. state of Wisconsin.", "Q3576507": "Z\u00e9phirin Diabr\u00e9 (born 26 August 1959) is a Burkinab\u00e9 politician. He served in the Government of Burkina Faso as Minister of Finance during the 1990s.", "Q1634693": "Bayard Taylor Horton (1895\u20131980) was an American physician.", "Q339423": "Gylve Fenris Nagell (born Leif Nagell; 28 November 1971), better known as Fenriz, is a Norwegian musician, part-time music journalist and online radio host (with the show \"Radio Fenriz\") who is best known as being one half of the extreme metal duo Darkthrone, alongside Nocturno Culto. Although primarily a drummer, he has also performed bass, guitar, and vocals for Darkthrone and several other metal bands. Fenriz is famed for his encyclopedic knowledge of metal music, his eager promotion of underground bands and the DIY ethic, and his rejection of the \"showbiz side of the music industry\". Fenriz was also the studio drummer for doom metal band Valhall, and has had several solo projects, including the folk black metal project Isengard and the dark ambient project Neptune Towers.", "Q941438": "Grigory Borisovich Adamov (Russian: \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432; born Abram Borukhovich Gibs; \u0410\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0438\u0431\u0441; May 18, 1886, Kherson, then Russian Empire, now Ukraine, - June 14, 1945, Moscow, USSR) was a Soviet science fiction writer, best known for his novels Conquerors of the Underground (1937), The Mystery of the Two Oceans (1939) and The Ousting of the Ruler (1946).", "Q64014": "Nikolaus Selnecker (or Selneccer) (December 5, 1530 \u2013 May 24, 1592) was a German musician, theologian and Protestant reformer. He is now known mainly as a hymn writer. He is also known as one of the principal authors of the Formula of Concord along with Jakob Andre\u00e4 and Martin Chemnitz.", "Q982473": "Tama Cemetery (\u591a\u78e8\u970a\u5712, Tama Reien) in Tokyo is the largest municipal cemetery in Japan. It is split between the cities of Fuchu and Koganei within the Tokyo Metropolis. First established in April 1923 as Tama Graveyard (\u591a\u78e8\u5893\u5730, Tama Bochi), it was redesignated Tama Cemetery in 1935. It is one of the largest green areas in Tokyo.\nPeople interred at Tama Cemetery include: Gensui The Marquis Saig\u014d, the famous Meiji politician and naval commander; Gensui The Marquis T\u014dg\u014d, the famous naval commander at the Battle of Tsushima; Gensui Yamamoto Isoroku, commander-in-chief of Japan's Combined Fleet during World War II; noted author, playwright, nationalist, and right-wing thinker Mishima Yukio; and General Baron Araki, a military commander who became one of the principal right-wing political theorists of the later Japanese Empire.", "Q437127": "Minoru Mori (\u68ee \u7a14, Mori Minoru, August 24, 1934 \u2013 March 8, 2012) was considered to be one of Japan's most powerful and influential building tycoons. He joined his father, Taikichiro's, real estate business after graduating from Tokyo University and was president and CEO of Mori Building, of which he and his older brother Kei's (a university professor) families owned 100%. He owned 12.74% of Sunwood Corporation.The family name is found on many real estate developments in Japan. Minoru and his brother Akira were listed on the Forbes list of the world's richest men. His largest project was the Roppongi Hills development in Tokyo which opened in 2003. The Shanghai World Financial Center, which was once China's tallest building, was completed in 2008. Mori acknowledged the influence of Le Corbusier but believed he had surpassed the Swiss architect's urban designs, particularly in the Roppongi Hills project.\nIn 2006, Mori's last development, Omotesando Hills, opened near Harajuku station consisting of a set of ramped shopping floors.\nIn 2008, he was named Asia Businessman of the Year 2007 by Fortune magazine.In 2009, he was honored as an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) by Queen Elizabeth II. He died of heart failure in 2012. He was 77.", "Q156048": "Peter V (Portuguese: Pedro V Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8pe\u00f0\u027eu]; 16 September 1837 \u2013 11 November 1861), nicknamed \"the Hopeful\" (Portuguese: o Esperan\u00e7oso), was King of Portugal from 1853 to 1861.", "Q606356": "Arshi Pipa (July 28, 1920 \u2013 July 20, 1997) was an Albanian-American philosopher, writer, poet and literary critic.\n\n", "Q1700244": "John Bernard Gordon (born May 30, 1939, New York City) is an American jazz trombonist.\nGordon studied at Juilliard School and played with Buddy Johnson and Ray Draper in the 1950s. He worked with Lionel Hampton in 1961-1962 and with Lloyd Price and Sam Rivers later in the 1960s. In the 1970s he played with Charles Tolliver, Clark Terry, Count Basie, Howard McGhee, and Frank Foster, as well as with Hampton again; he continued working with Hampton until 1989. He also led his own ensembles in the late 1970s, with sidemen including Tolliver, Roland Alexander, Lisle Atkinson, Stanley Cowell, and Andrew Cyrille.\nAfter leaving Hampton, Gordon played in Al Grey's ensemble, Trombone Summit, and founded a group called Trombones Incorporated with Fred Joiner. When Joiner left the group in the early 1990s, Gordon became its leader and changed its name to Trombones Unlimited. In the 1990s he also played with Slide Hampton, Josh Roseman, Lafayette Harris, Martin Winder, Curtis Fuller, and Thilo Berg.\nGordon worked for several decades as a session musician for recordings and has also performed in pit orchestras for Broadway musicals.", "Q128582": "Mission to Mars is a 2000 American science fiction adventure film directed by Brian De Palma, written by Jim Thomas, John Thomas, and Graham Yost, and inspired by Walt Disney's theme park attraction of the same name. The film depicts the first manned Mars exploration mission going awry; American astronaut Jim McConnell (Gary Sinise) helps to coordinate a rescue mission for a colleague. Principal support actors were Tim Robbins, Don Cheadle, Connie Nielsen, Jerry O'Connell, and Kim Delaney.", "Q109558": "Sarah Sorge (born 26 August 1969 in Frankfurt) is a German politician. She is a member of Alliance 90 a member of the German green party, and has been a representative for the state parliament of Hesse since 2001. Sorge studied political science from 1989 to 1997 at the University of Frankfurt. She has been a member of Alliance '90/The Greens since 1993, and was an active member of the Green Youth.\n\n", "Q96296": "Friedrich Hermann Julius Axel von Harnack (September 12, 1895 \u2013 June 17, 1974) was a German librarian, historian and philologist. He was the cousin of Arvid and Falk Harnack and worked to get Arvid and his wife, Mildred Harnack released from Nazi detention after they were arrested in connection with the Red Orchestra. He was the first in the family to be told of Arvid and Mildred's arrest, which had been kept secret by the Nazis. In 1947, he published a memoir of the trial that convicted Arvid and Mildred Harnack of high treason and sentenced them to death.", "Q111317": "Julius Friedrich Theodor Engel (27 August 1842 in Schleswig - 2 April 1926 in Hamburg) was a German judge and politician. The lawyer was president of the Hamburg Parliament between 1902 and 1913.\nEngel studied law in Kiel and Heidelberg until 1867 and became a Notar (roughly Notary public) in Schleswig-Holstein a year later. He joined the public service of Hamburg in 1880 as a judge and was promoted to the office of president of the Landgericht Hamburg in 1901. He maintained this post until his retirement in 1917. On the political stage he was elected as a right-wing member of the Hamburgische B\u00fcrgerschaft in 1887 and served as president of this body between 1902 and 1913, when he stepped down as a MP.", "Q234661": "Kelli Renee Williams (born June 8, 1970) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Lindsay Dole on the legal drama The Practice, psychologist and deception expert Dr. Gillian Foster on Lie to Me, and Jackie Clark on Army Wives.", "Q62471": "Theodor Dannecker (27 March 1913 \u2013 10 December 1945) was an SS-captain (Hauptsturmf\u00fchrer), and an associate of Adolf Eichmann. As a specialist on Nazi anti-Jewish policies (Judenberater), he was one of those who orchestrated the Final Solution in several countries during the World War II genocide of European Jews in what became known as the Holocaust.", "Q1517780": "The Faculty of Law of the University in Belgrade (Serbian: \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0443 \u0411\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443/Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu), also known as the Belgrade Law School, is one of the first-tier educational institutions of the University of Belgrade, Serbia. The building is located in the heart of the old part of Belgrade, in the urban neighborhood of Palilula, contiguously to the city park Tasmajdan, on Bulevar kralja Aleksandra.", "Q2500974": "Richmond is a suburban town in south-west London, 8.2 miles (13.2 km) west-southwest of Charing Cross. It is on a meander of the River Thames, with a large number of parks and open spaces, including Richmond Park, and many protected conservation areas, which include much of Richmond Hill. A specific Act of Parliament protects the scenic view of the River Thames from Richmond.Richmond was founded following Henry VII's building of Richmond Palace in the 16th century, from which the town derives its name. (The palace itself was named after Henry's earldom of Richmond, North Yorkshire.) During this era the town and palace were particularly associated with Elizabeth I, who spent her last days there. During the 18th century Richmond Bridge was completed and many Georgian terraces were built, particularly around Richmond Green and on Richmond Hill. These remain well preserved and many have listed building architectural or heritage status. The opening of the railway station in 1846 was a significant event in the absorption of the town into a rapidly expanding London.\nRichmond was formerly part of the ancient parish of Kingston upon Thames in the county of Surrey. In 1890 the town became a municipal borough, which was later extended to include Kew, Ham, Petersham and part of Mortlake (North Sheen). The municipal borough was abolished in 1965 when, as a result of local government reorganisation, Richmond was transferred from Surrey to Greater London.Richmond is now part of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, and has a population of 21,469 (consisting of North Richmond and South Richmond wards). It has a significant commercial and retail centre with a developed day and evening economy. The name Richmond upon Thames is often used, incorrectly, to refer to the town of Richmond: in fact (unlike nearby Kingston upon Thames), the suffix should properly be used only in reference to the London Borough.", "Q2473030": "Andrey Konstantinovich Nartov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432) (1683\u20141756) was a Russian scientist, military engineer, inventor and sculptor. He was a personal craftsman of Peter I of Russia, and later a member of the Russian Academy of Science.\nFrom 1705 Nartov worked in the lathe workshop at the Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation in the Sukharev Tower, Moscow. During the period 1712-1725 Nartov worked in the newly founded Saint Petersburg, at the palace workshop of the Tsar Peter the Great. There he constructed many lathes of different types and made a number of innovations. Of special value was his copying lathe for the purpose of ornamental turning, which allowed the user to make ornaments with the same precision as that of handicraft work of that time.\nIn 1718 Nartov invented what might have been the first lathe with a mechanical cutting tool-supporting carriage and a set of gears (also known as a compound rest or slide rest).In 1718-1719 Nartov travelled to England and France and demonstrated his lathes. In his letters to Peter I, Nartov wrote that nowhere in Europe could he find lathe masters comparable to Russian ones. On his way back to Russia, he taught lathe-working to the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I.\nAfter the death of Peter I in 1725 Nartov went to work at the Moscow Mint, where he supervised modernisation of the machinery. In 1727 Nartov wrote a book about Peter the Great, containing many interesting historic details of the scenes that Nartov witnessed when he worked at the palace workshop together with the Tsar. That book became the source of many historical anecdotes about Peter the Great.\nIn 1735 Nartov was elected a member of the Russian Academy of Science, where he was one of the few Russians amongst many Germans and other foreigners. From 1736 to the end of his life Nartov was head of the Academy's lathe workshop.\nAmong other inventions of Nartov are such things as a unique fast-fire battery on a rotating disc, a screw mechanism for changing the artillery fire angle, a gauge-boring lathe for cannon-making and an early telescopic sight. He also supervised the building of a device intended to lift the gigantic Tsar Bell onto a bell-tower.", "Q350481": "Oscar Fredrick Dronjak (born January 20, 1972) is a Swedish guitarist and founder of the heavy metal band HammerFall. Prior to the success of HammerFall, he also played and released albums with the death metal acts Ceremonial Oath and Crystal Age.", "Q485781": "Ananda Mikola (born April 27, 1980 in Jakarta) is an Indonesian racecar driver.Mikola competed in the Italian and International Formula 3000 series from 1999 through 2001 and was champion of Asian F3 in the 2005 season. He was out of racing for a couple of seasons before driving for A1 Team Indonesia in A1GP. As of the April 2 race in Shanghai, he had scored a best finish of fifth. In the World Series Lights he raced for a team sponsored by AC Milan Football Club. Ananda is the brother of another Indonesian driver, Moreno Soeprapto.", "Q281964": "Adam Charles Goldberg (born October 25, 1970) is an American actor, director, producer, and musician. Known for his supporting roles in film and television, Goldberg has appeared in films such as Dazed and Confused, Saving Private Ryan, A Beautiful Mind, and Zodiac. He has also played leading roles in independent films such as The Hebrew Hammer and 2 Days in Paris. His TV appearances include the shows Friends, Joey, Entourage, The Jim Gaffigan Show, The Unusuals, and his critically acclaimed role as hitman Mr. Numbers in the first season of Fargo. He currently has a recurring supporting role as Simon Hayes in the show God Friended Me.", "Q428013": "Zoran Modli (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0417\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u041c\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438, April 22, 1948 \u2013 February 23, 2020) was a Serbian journalist, radio disc jockey, and aviator. He was one of the most popular Yugoslav radio personalities, running one of the most notable radio shows of the early 1980s in Yugoslavia, Ventilator 202.", "Q74213": "Heinz Kindermann (born 20 June 1942 in Welhotta, Reichsgau Sudetenland) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2009. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Socialist Group. \nIn parliament, Kindermann served on the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development and the Committee on Fisheries. He was also a member of the Delegation to the EU-Croatia Joint Parliamentary Committee and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with the countries of south-east Europe.", "Q626092": "Kim Hoon is a South Korean novelist, journalist and critic.", "Q3086417": "Lakeville is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States, close to Dutchess County, New York. It is within the town of Salisbury but has its own ZIP Code (06039). As of the 2010 census, the population of Lakeville was 928, out of 3,741 in the entire town of Salisbury.\nThe Hotchkiss School is located in Lakeville, and the Indian Mountain School is nearby.\n\n", "Q433355": "Patricia Belcher (born April 7, 1954) is an American actress, known for her roles as Ms. Dabney in the Disney Channel sitcom Good Luck Charlie, and as United States Attorney Caroline Julian in the FOX crime procedural comedy-drama series Bones (2005\u20132017).", "Q728915": "Roel Dieltiens (born 1956) is a Belgian cellist and composer. Dieltiens plays both Baroque and modern cello. Dieltiens grew up in a musical family and initially studied piano. At the age of fifteen, just as he was about to give up music, his elder brother encouraged him to try the cello. He immediately fell in love with the instrument. Three years later he won First Prize at the Royal Flemish Conservatory in Antwerp, Belgium.", "Q36020": "Su Shi (Chinese: \u8607\u8efe) \n(8 January 1037 \u2013 24 August 1101), courtesy name Zizhan, (Chinese: \u5b50\u77bb), art name Dongpo (Chinese: \u6771\u5761), was a Chinese calligrapher, gastronome, painter, pharmacologist, poet, politician, and writer of the Song dynasty. A major personality of the Song era, Su was an important figure in Song Dynasty politics, aligning himself with Sima Guang and others, against the New Policy party led by Wang Anshi.\nSu Shi is widely regarded as one of the most accomplished figures in classical Chinese literature, having produced some of the most well-known poems, lyrics, prose, and essays. Su Shi was famed as an essayist, and his prose writings lucidly contribute to the understanding of topics such as 11th-century Chinese travel literature or detailed information on the contemporary Chinese iron industry. His poetry has a long history of popularity and influence in China, Japan, and other areas in the near vicinity and is well known in the English-speaking parts of the world through the translations by Arthur Waley, among others. In terms of the arts, Su Shi has some claim to being \"the pre-eminent personality of the eleventh century.\" Dongpo pork, a prominent dish in Hangzhou cuisine, is named in his honor.\n\n", "Q737835": "University of Tehran (Tehran University or UT, Persian: \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200e) is the oldest modern university located in Tehran, Iran. It is also one of the most prestigious universities in the Middle East. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as its research and teaching profile, UT has been nicknamed \"The Mother University of Iran\" (Persian: \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u200e). It has been ranked as one of the best universities in the Middle East in national and international rankings and among the top universities in the world. It is also the premier knowledge producing institute among all OIC countries. The university offers 111 bachelor's degree programs, 177 master's degree programs, and 156 Ph.D. programs. Many of the departments were absorbed into the University of Tehran from the Dar al-Funun established in 1851 and the Tehran School of Political Sciences established in 1899.\nThe main campus of the university is located in the central part of the city. However, other campuses are spread across the city as well as in the suburbs such as the Baghe Negarestan Campus at the central eastern part of the city, the Northern Amirabad Campuses at the central western part of the city and the Abureyhan Campus in the suburb of the capital. The main gate of the university with its specific design and modern architecture (at Enghelab Street at the main campus) is the logo of the university and in a more general sense, a logo of education in Iran. The university is one of the city's attractions, hosting many international and cultural events attracting academia, foreign tourists as well as local residents. The major festive of Friday Prayers of the capital is held at the university's main campus every Friday.\n\nAdmission to the university's renowned undergraduate and graduate programs is very competitive and is limited to the top one percent of students who pass the national entrance examination administered yearly by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Tehran University consistently makes the number one choice of qualifying applicants among all other universities of Iran. This University is the hardest university in the country to get into, in fact the acceptance rate which is affected by entrance exam is just 2%\n.", "Q70075": "Monte Carasso is a former municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.\nThe Swiss Heritage Society chose Monte Carasso for the 1993 Wakker Prize.", "Q229156": "Sophia Jane Myles (; born 18 March 1980) is an English actress, best known in film for portraying Erika in Underworld (2003), Isolde in Tristan & Isolde and Darcy in Transformers: Age of Extinction, and has received critical acclaim for her television work, particularly as Madame de Pompadour in the Doctor Who episode \"The Girl in the Fireplace\" and Beth Turner in Moonlight.", "Q10959": "Ruzena Bajcsy (born 1933 in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia) is an American engineer and computer scientist who specializes in robotics. She is Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley, where she is also Director Emerita of CITRIS (the Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society).\nShe was previously Professor and Chair of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, where she was the founding Director of the University of Pennsylvania's General Robotics and Active Sensory Perception (GRASP) Laboratory, and a member of the Neurosciences Institute in the School of Medicine. She has also been head of the National Science Foundation's Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate, with authority over a $500 million budget. At Pennsylvania, she supervised at least 26 doctoral students who received the Ph.D.\n\n", "Q364724": "Thomas Morgan Woodward (September 16, 1925 \u2013 February 22, 2019) was an American actor who is best known for his recurring role as Marvin \"Punk\" Anderson on the television soap opera Dallas and for his portrayal of Boss Godfrey, the sunglasses-wearing \"man with no eyes\", in the 1967 film Cool Hand Luke. On another television series, Gunsmoke, he can be seen in 19 episodes, the most guest appearances of any actor on that long-running Western.", "Q153124": "S.A.-Mann Brand (Storm Trooper Brand) is a German film made around the time that Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany. It was released in mid-June 1933.\nThe film presents the story of a truck driver, Fritz Brand, who joins the Nazi Sturmabteilung to defend Germany against communist subversion orchestrated from Moscow. He persuades his social circle of the imminent danger and the need to support Hitler in the federal election.\nA review in the New York Times noted favorably the film's production value and the absence of any anti-Semitic message, while also expressing contempt for its unsophisticated plot.", "Q133808": "Agust\u00edn de Iturbide (Spanish pronunciation: [a\u0263us\u02c8tin \u00f0e itu\u027e\u02c8\u03b2i\u00f0e] (listen); 27 September 1783 \u2013 19 July 1824), in full Agust\u00edn Cosme Dami\u00e1n de Iturbide y Ar\u00e1mburu, also known as Augustine of Mexico, was a Mexican army general and politician. During the Mexican War of Independence, he built a successful political and military coalition that took control in Mexico City on 27 September 1821, decisively gaining independence for Mexico. After the secession of Mexico was secured, he was proclaimed President of the Regency in 1821. A year later, he was announced as the Constitutional Emperor of Mexico, reigning briefly from 19 May 1822 to 19 March 1823. He is credited as the original designer of the first Mexican flag.Although Iturbide's reign was short, it defined the political struggles before and after independence. The two ends of Mexico's political spectrum, liberals who favored populist representative government and conservatives who favored a more authoritarian regime, each gained the upper hand at various times in the decades after Iturbide's abdication.", "Q187413": "\u00c1lvaro Uribe V\u00e9lez (born 4 July 1952) is a Colombian politician who served as the 31st President of Colombia from 7 August 2002 to 7 August 2010.\nUribe studied law. \u00c1lvaro Uribe focused his political career and became a member of the Colombian Liberal Party. In 1993 he attended Harvard University, receiving a Certificate of Special Studies in Administration and Management at Harvard Extension School and Certificate in Negotiation and Dispute Resolution at Harvard Law School. Between 1998 and 1999, he studied at St Antony's College, Oxford, England, on a Chevening-Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar scholarship and was appointed Senior Associate Member at St Antony's College.\nUribe started his political career in his home department of Antioquia. He has held office in the Empresas P\u00fablicas de Medell\u00edn and in the Ministry of Labor and was the director of the Special Administrative Unit of Civil Aeronautics (1980\u20131982). He was named Mayor of Medell\u00edn in October 1982 by Belisario Betancur. However, he was discharged of his function in February 1983, five months after his appointment, by Pr\u00e9sident Betancur for his alleged collaboration with drug traffickers. He was Senator between 1986 and 1994 and finally Governor of Antioquia between 1995 and 1997 before he was elected President of Colombia in 2002. Following his 2002 election, Uribe led successful campaigns against leftist guerilla groups the FARC and the ELN, as well as leading a successful effort in the demobilizing of the rightwing paramilitary group known as the AUC, all of which are part the Colombian Armed Conflict. On 13 January 2009 the United States awarded President Uribe the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his role in fighting along the US lead War on Terror in the Colombian Armed Conflict. However, his role in the conflict was accompanied by large-scale exactions: thousands of civilians were killed by the Colombian army (see \"False positives\" scandal) with almost total impunity, according to the United Nations. and millions of people have been victims of forced displacement.In an official document of the Defense Intelligence Agency, which the US State Department has completely disavowed, dated 1991, \u00c1lvaro Uribe appears at number 82 of a list containing the names of the most important drug dealers in Colombia. Uribe is described there as a collaborator of the Medell\u00edn Cartel and intimate friend of Pablo Escobar; he is also accused of possessing financial interests in companies engaged in drug trafficking and would have assisted the cartel with regard to extradition laws. Recently released diplomatic cables show that a Colombian senator told the U.S. Embassy in 1993 that the founders of the Medell\u00edn Cartel financed Uribe's senate election campaign.In August 2010 he was appointed Vice-chairman of the UN panel investigating the Gaza flotilla raid. In 2012 Uribe and a group of political allies founded the Democratic Center movement to contest the 2014 national elections. He was elected senator in the 2014 parliamentary election and took office in July 2014. Uribe was critical of his successor Juan Manuel Santos's peace-talks with the FARC guerillas.", "Q1336515": "Mychael Danna (born September 20, 1958) is a Canadian film score composer. He won both the Golden Globe and Oscar for Best Original Score for Life of Pi. He has also won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special (Original Dramatic Score) in his work on World Without End: Medieval Life and Death Part 1 and 2.", "Q2054678": "The Moderate Party (Spanish: Partido Moderado) or Moderate Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal Moderado) was one of the two Spanish political parties that contended for power during the reign of Isabel II (reigned 1833\u20131868). Like the opposing Progressive Party (Spanish: Partido Progresista), they characterized themselves as liberal and dynasticist: that is, both parties supported Isabel against the claims of the right-wing Carlists. The Moderates contained various factions. Some supported working with Progressives while others sought closer ties with the Old Regime, though the party's dominant ideology was adherence to the centrist juste milieu of the French Doctrinaires.", "Q1798579": "LaVerne Butler is an American jazz singer.\nButler was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, the daughter of saxophonist Scott Butler, and was exposed to jazz and rhythm and blues music. She attended the University of New Orleans. She worked in local clubs as a singer, including with New Orleans jazz veterans Ellis Marsalis and Alvin Batiste. She moved to New York City and worked as an English teacher while singing in clubs. She studied with another jazz veteran, singer Jon Hendricks. In the 1990s she recorded two albums for Chesky Records.", "Q66617": "Frick is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q1339626": "Parsons School of Design, known colloquially as Parsons, is a private art and design college located in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is one of the five colleges of The New School. \nThe school was founded in 1896 by William Merritt Chase in search of individualistic artistic expression. It was the first of its kind in the country to offer programs in fashion design, advertising, interior design, and graphic design. The school offers undergraduate and graduate programs ranging from architectural design, curatorial studies, to textiles and design and urban ecologies. \nAmong Parsons alumni are many famous fashion designers, photographers, designers, illustrators, and artists who have made significant contributions to their respective fields. The college is a member of the National Association of Schools of Art and Design and the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design.", "Q105362": "Helmut Johannes Baierl (23 December 1926 Rumburk, Czechoslovakia - 12 September 2005 in Berlin) was a German playwright and vice president of the DDR Academy of Arts, Berlin. He was born in Rumburk (Czechoslovakia) and died in Berlin. He was a member of the Nazi Party from 1945 to 1947, of the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (LDPD) from 1945 to 1947 and of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) from 1947 to 1989.", "Q3816": "Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin (French: [am\u0251\u0303tin lysil o\u0281\u0254\u0281 dyp\u025b\u0303]; 1 July 1804 \u2013 8 June 1876), best known by her pen name George Sand (French: [\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 s\u0251\u0303d]), was a French novelist, memoirist, and Socialist. One of the most popular writers in Europe in her lifetime, being more renowned than both Victor Hugo and Honor\u00e9 de Balzac in England in the 1830s and 1840s, Sand is recognised as one of the most notable writers of the European Romantic era.", "Q61178": "This article is about the public life of Bertha Pappenheim. For information on her psychological treatment by Josef Breuer under a pseudonym, see Anna O.Bertha Pappenheim (February 27, 1859 \u2013 May 28, 1936) was an Austrian-Jewish feminist, a social pioneer, and the founder of the Jewish Women's Association (J\u00fcdischer Frauenbund). Under the pseudonym Anna O., she was also one of Josef Breuer's best documented patients because of Freud's writing on Breuer's case.\n\n", "Q143451": "The University of Central Florida (UCF) is a public research university in Orlando, Florida. It has more students enrolled on campus than any other U.S. university.Founded in 1963 by the Florida Legislature, UCF opened in 1968 as Florida Technological University, with the mission of providing personnel to support the growing U.S. space program at the Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on Florida's Space Coast. As the school's academic scope expanded beyond engineering and technology, Florida Tech was renamed The University of Central Florida in 1978. UCF's space roots continue, as it leads the NASA Florida Space Grant Consortium. Initial enrollment was 1,948 students; enrollment today exceeds 66,000 students from 157 countries, all 50 states and Washington, D.C.Most of the student population is on the university's main campus, 13 miles (21 km) east of downtown Orlando and 35 miles (56 km) west of Cape Canaveral. The university offers more than 200 degrees through 13 colleges at 10 regional campuses in Central Florida, the Health Sciences Campus at Lake Nona, the Rosen College of Hospitality Management in south Orlando and the Center for Emerging Media in downtown Orlando. Since its founding, UCF has awarded more than 290,000 degrees, including over 50,000 graduate and professional degrees, to over 260,000 alumni worldwide.UCF is a space-grant university. Its official colors are black and gold, and the university logo is Pegasus, which \"symbolizes the university's vision of limitless possibilities.\" The university's intercollegiate sports teams, known as the \"UCF Knights\" and represented by mascot Knightro, compete in NCAA Division I and the American Athletic Conference.", "Q66171": "Thusis (Italian: Tosana, Romansh: Tus\u00e0n) is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2018 the former municipality of Mutten merged into the municipality of Thusis.", "Q49192": "Middletown is a city located in Middlesex County, Connecticut, along the Connecticut River, in the central part of the state, 16 miles (26 kilometers) south of Hartford. In 1650, it was incorporated as a town under its original Native American name, Mattabeseck. It received its present name in 1653. Middletown was included within Hartford County upon its creation on May 10, 1666. In 1784, the central settlement was incorporated as a city distinct from the town. Both were included within newly formed Middlesex County in May 1785. In 1923, the City of Middletown was consolidated with the Town, making the city limits extensive.\nOriginally a busy sailing port and then an industrial center, it is now largely residential with its downtown\u2014mainly Main Street\u2014serving as a popular retail, dining, and bar district somewhat close to Wesleyan University. Middletown was the county seat of Middlesex County from its creation in 1785 until the elimination of county government in 1960. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 47,648. Middletown, Connecticut is considered the southernmost city in the Hartford-Springfield Knowledge Corridor Metropolitan Region, which features a combined metro population of 1.9 million.", "Q2366114": "George Constant Louis Washington (May 20, 1871 \u2013 March 29, 1946) was a Belgian-born American inventor and businessman. He is best remembered for his invention of an early instant coffee process and for the company he founded to mass-produce it, the G. Washington Coffee Company.An emigrant from his native Belgium, he arrived in the New York area in 1897 and dabbled in several technical fields before hitting upon instant coffee manufacture during a sojourn in Central America in 1906 or 1907. He began selling his coffee in 1909 and founded a company to manufacture it in 1910. Based in New York and New Jersey, his company prospered and became an important military supplier during World War I. The company's products were also advertised in New York newspapers and on the radio. The success of his company made Washington wealthy, and he lived in a mansion in Brooklyn and then moved to a country estate in New Jersey in 1927. In that same year, he lost a dispute with the tax authorities. Washington was married and had three children.\nWashington's company was sold to American Home Products in 1943, shortly before his death. Though the coffee brand was discontinued by 1961, Washington's name is still used today in the product G. Washington's Seasoning & Broth.\n\n", "Q114509": "Scott O'Dell (May 23, 1898 \u2013 October 15, 1989) was an American author of 26 novels for young people, along with three novels for adults and four nonfiction books. He wrote historical fiction, primarily, including several children's novels about historical California and Mexico. For his contribution as a children's writer he received the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1972, the highest recognition available to creators of children's books. He received The University of Southern Mississippi Medallion in 1976 and the Catholic Libraries Association Regina Medal in 1978.O'Dell's best known work is the historical novel Island of the Blue Dolphins (1960), which won the 1961 Newbery Medal and the 1963 Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis in its German translation. It was also named to the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award list. He was one of the annual Newbery runners-up for three other books: The King's Fifth (1966), The Black Pearl (1967), and Sing Down the Moon (1970).", "Q622592": "Raahe (Swedish: Brahestad) is a town and municipality of Finland. Founded by Swedish statesman and Governor General of Finland Count Per Brahe the Younger in 1649, it is one of 10 historic wooden towns (or town centers) remaining in Finland. Examples of other Finnish historic wooden towns are Kaskinen (Kask\u00f6), Old Rauma, Porvoo (Borg\u00e5), Jakobstad (Pietarsaari), and Vaasa (Vasa). After a devastating fire in 1810, Raahe was rebuilt adhering to new design principles which minimized the risk of fire and enlarged some civic spaces. Old Raahe is noted for its Renaissance-inspired rectilinear town plan featuring an unusual central-square (called Pekkatori) with closed corners.\nRaahe is located on the northern shores of the Gulf of Bothnia in the region of North Ostrobothnia . The municipality has a population of 24,803 (January 31, 2019) and covers an area of 1,889.00 square kilometres (729.35 sq mi) of which 870.77 km2 (336.21 sq mi) is water. The population density is 46.93/km2 (121.5/sq mi). Historically an agricultural and maritime region, Ostrobothnia supplied the largest number of immigrants from Finland to the US and other countries such as Canada and Australia during the great migration of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.\nFounded as a Swedish-and-Finnish-speaking town, the municipality is now unilingually Finnish.\nThe asteroid 1786 Raahe was named after this town and municipality.", "Q999047": "Jorge Newbery Airfield (Spanish: Aeroparque \"Jorge Newbery\", IATA: AEP, ICAO: SABE) is an international airport located in Palermo neighbourhood, 2 km (1.2 mi) northeast of downtown Buenos Aires, Argentina. The airport covers an area of 138 hectares (341 acres) and is operated by Aeropuertos Argentina 2000 S.A. It is located in the Palermo ward, along the R\u00edo de la Plata, and serves as the main hub for domestic flights in Argentina. Since March 2019, it only serves international flights to Uruguay.", "Q103075": "Udo Di Fabio (born March 26, 1954 in Duisburg) is a German jurist. He is a former judge of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, Germany's highest court, where he served as a member of the Second Senate from December 1999 until December 2011.", "Q278319": "Aleksandra Sergeyevna Khokhlova (born Alexandra Sergeyevna Botkina, Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0425\u043e\u0445\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, 4 November 1897 \u2013 22 August 1985) was a Russian actress, theatre director, writer, and educator.\n\n", "Q354181": "Steven Van Zandt (n\u00e9 Lento; born November 22, 1950), also known as Little Steven or Miami Steve, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, producer, actor, and activist. He is best known as a member of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band, in which he plays guitar and mandolin. He is also known for his roles on television drama series, such as Silvio Dante on The Sopranos (1999\u20132007) and Frank Tagliano on Lilyhammer (2012\u20132014). Van Zandt has his own solo band called Little Steven and The Disciples of Soul, active on and off since the 1980s. In 2014, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band.", "Q181704": "Saint-L\u00f4 (US: , French: [s\u025b\u0303 lo] (listen)) is a commune in north-western France, the capital of the Manche department in the region of Normandy.\nAlthough it is the second largest city of Manche after Cherbourg, it remains the prefecture of the department. It is also chef-lieu of an arrondissement and two cantons (Saint-L\u00f4-1 and Saint-L\u00f4-2).\nThe commune has 18,931 inhabitants who are called Saint-Lois(es). The names of Laudois(es), Laudien(ne)s or Laudinien(ne)s are also cited. A martyr city of World War II, Saint-L\u00f4 was decorated with the Legion of Honour in 1948 and was given the nickname \"Capital of the Ruins\", a phrase popularised by Samuel Beckett.\n\n", "Q235219": "Amy Marie Madigan (born September 11, 1950) is an American actress, producer, and singer. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1985 film Twice in a Lifetime. Her other film credits include Love Child (1982), Places in the Heart (1984), Field of Dreams (1989), Uncle Buck (1989), The Dark Half (1993), Pollock (2000), and Gone Baby Gone (2007). Madigan won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her portrayal of Sarah Weddington in the 1989 television film Roe vs. Wade.", "Q32520": "Augustine of Canterbury (born first third of the 6th century \u2013 died probably 26 May 604) was a Benedictine monk who became the first Archbishop of Canterbury in the year 597. He is considered the \"Apostle to the English\" and a founder of the English Church.Augustine was the prior of a monastery in Rome when Pope Gregory the Great chose him in 595 to lead a mission, usually known as the Gregorian mission, to Britain to Christianize King \u00c6thelberht and his Kingdom of Kent from Anglo-Saxon paganism. Kent was probably chosen because \u00c6thelberht had married a Christian princess, Bertha, daughter of Charibert I the King of Paris, who was expected to exert some influence over her husband. Before reaching Kent, the missionaries had considered turning back, but Gregory urged them on, and in 597, Augustine landed on the Isle of Thanet and proceeded to \u00c6thelberht's main town of Canterbury.\nKing \u00c6thelberht converted to Christianity and allowed the missionaries to preach freely, giving them land to found a monastery outside the city walls. Augustine was consecrated as a bishop and converted many of the king's subjects, including thousands during a mass baptism on Christmas Day in 597. Pope Gregory sent more missionaries in 601, along with encouraging letters and gifts for the churches, although attempts to persuade the native British bishops to submit to Augustine's authority failed. Roman bishops were established at London, and Rochester in 604, and a school was founded to train Anglo-Saxon priests and missionaries. Augustine also arranged the consecration of his successor, Laurence of Canterbury. The archbishop probably died in 604 and was soon revered as a saint.\n\n", "Q45970": "Czes\u0142aw Mi\u0142osz (, also US: , Polish: [\u02c8t\u0282\u025bswaf \u02c8miw\u0254\u0282] (listen); 30 June 1911 \u2013 14 August 2004) was a Polish-American poet, prose writer, translator, and diplomat. Regarded as one of the great poets of the twentieth century, he won the 1980 Nobel Prize in Literature. The Swedish Academy, in its Nobel citation, described Mi\u0142osz as a writer who \"voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts\".Mi\u0142osz survived the German occupation of Warsaw during World War II and became a cultural attach\u00e9 for the Polish government during the post-war period. When communist authorities threatened his safety, he defected to France and ultimately chose exile in the United States, where he became a professor at the University of California at Berkeley. His poetry\u2014particularly about his wartime experience\u2014and his appraisal of Stalinism in a prose book, The Captive Mind, brought him renown as a leading \u00e9migr\u00e9 artist and intellectual.\nThroughout his life and work, Mi\u0142osz tackled questions of morality, politics, history, and faith. As a translator, he introduced Western works to a Polish audience, and as a scholar and editor, he championed a greater awareness of Slavic literature in the West. Faith played a role in his work as he explored his Catholicism and personal experience.\nMi\u0142osz died in Krak\u00f3w, Poland, in 2004. He is interred in Ska\u0142ka, a church that is known in Poland as a place of honor for distinguished Poles.", "Q159409": "Louise Jos\u00e9phine Bourgeois (French: [lwiz bu\u0281\u0292wa] (listen); 25 December 1911 \u2013 31 May 2010) was a French-American artist. Although she is best known for her large-scale sculpture and installation art, Bourgeois was also a prolific painter and printmaker. She explored a variety of themes over the course of her long career including domesticity and the family, sexuality and the body, as well as death and the unconscious. These themes connect to events from her childhood which she considered to be a therapeutic process. Although Bourgeois exhibited with the Abstract Expressionists and her work has much in common with Surrealism and Feminist art, she was not formally affiliated with a particular artistic movement.", "Q264730": "Gloria Laura Vanderbilt (February 20, 1924 \u2013 June 17, 2019) was an American artist, author, actress, fashion designer, heiress, and socialite. She was a member of the Vanderbilt family of New York and the mother of CNN television anchor Anderson Cooper.\nDuring the 1930s, she was the subject of a high-profile child custody trial in which her mother, Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt, and her paternal aunt, Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, each sought custody of her and control over her trust fund. Called the \"trial of the century\" by the press, the court proceedings were the subject of wide and sensational press coverage due to the wealth and prominence of the involved parties, and the scandalous evidence presented to support Whitney's claim that Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt was an unfit parent.As an adult in the 1970s, Vanderbilt launched a line of fashions, perfumes, and household goods bearing her name. She was particularly noted as an early developer of designer blue jeans.\n\n", "Q1604022": "Beijing Normal University (BNU, simplified Chinese: \u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66; traditional Chinese: \u5317\u4eac\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78; pinyin: B\u011bij\u012bng Sh\u012bf\u00e0n D\u00e0xu\u00e9), colloquially known as \u5317\u5e08\u5927 or Beishida, is a public research university located in Beijing, China, with a strong emphasis on basic disciplines of the humanities and sciences. It is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in China, and was recognized by the Chinese Ministry of Education as a Class A Double First Class University.The term \"normal school\" refers to an institution that aimed to train schoolteachers in the early twentieth century. This terminology is preserved in the official names of such institutions in China even after these schools gained university status and expanded to offer courses beyond education-related fields. This term reflects BNU's heritage as a former unit of the Imperial University of Peking dedicated to training schoolteachers.\nProfessor Qi Dong (\u8463\u5947), a well-known scholar in Developmental Psychology, has served as the President since July 2012.", "Q63009": "The Prince of Tides is a 1991 American romantic drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Pat Conroy; the film stars Barbra Streisand and Nick Nolte. It tells the story of the narrator's struggle to overcome the psychological damage inflicted by his dysfunctional childhood in South Carolina. Streisand directed and produced the film in addition to starring in it. Conroy and Becky Johnston adapted the screenplay.The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, but did not receive any.", "Q852322": "Ryudo Uzaki (\u5b87\u5d0e \u7adc\u7ae5, Uzaki Ry\u016bd\u014d, born 1946 in Kyoto) is a Japanese musician, composer, and actor.His group, the Down Town Boogie-Woogie Band, was one of the most prominent 1970s Japanese rock music bands. He also composed many of Momoe Yamaguchi's songs with Yoko Aki.\nHe is married to lyricist and actress Yoko Aki.\n\n", "Q97836": "Else von M\u00f6llendorff (29 December 1913 \u2013 28 July 1982) was a German film actress who appeared in a mixture of lead and supporting roles during the Nazi and post-war eras.", "Q299695": "Desanka \"Beba\" Lon\u010dar (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0414\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u201e\u0411\u0435\u0431\u0430\u201c \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0440, born 28 April 1943) is a Serbian-Italian film actress. She appeared in 52 films between 1960 and 1982. She was born in Belgrade, Serbia. Known for her film career during the 1960s and 1970s, she first became a star in native Yugoslavia before moving to Italy where she achieved considerable success.", "Q3009124": "Cyrille Duquet (31 March 1841\u20141 December 1922) was a Canadian goldsmith, flutist, and inventor in Quebec. Originally working in the field of clocks and watches, he was also a passionate jewelry collector.\nOn 1 February 1878, he was granted a Canadian patent for a telephone receiver, that may have been used in early types of handsets. This patent was for a new transmitter based on a cluster of permanent magnets that improved signal clarity, and a new mouthpiece design. Later, Duquet worked on combining transmitter and receiver in one unit, arranged both on each end of a board. The first telephone installed in Montr\u00e9al was one Duquet designed, and he followed with installing phones and phone lines in the area.At about the same time as Alexander Graham Bell, he developed a telephone connecting his home and shop. Bell's father, Melville Bell, responsible for the Canadian interests of Graham Bell, who had recently moved to Boston, offered Duquet to sell him the rights to the telephone on Canadian soil, for the sum of 20,000 dollars. Unable to raise this colossal sum, Duquet abandoned all interests to the Canadian Telephone Company in 1882.Fleetford Charles Sise, vice-president of the Canadian Telephone Company, gave notice because he believed Cyrille Duquet plagiarized Bell. Mr. Duquet was for $5000, but got away with damages of about $10; he sold his invention for the sum of $2,100 provided to waive any project in the world of telephony. However, it is left to him the undisputed paternity - and recognized - the handset in use worldwide. A photo of his phone is available in the collections of Libraries and Archives Canada and the original phone is currently stored at Bell Canada. An exact replica of the apparatus manufactured and marketed by Cyrille Duquet in 1878 was made by Bell Canada as a gift to Duquet's granddaughter.The main clock of the National Assembly of Quebec bear his signature. That of Saint-Jean-Baptiste library is also his creation. A government building, located on Boulevard Charest in Quebec City, was named in his honor, and Quebec Street bears his name. He fabricated in 1883 the black rod, symbol of authority, today preserved at the National Assembly in Qu\u00e9bec city.\nExcellent flutist, Cyrille Duquet was a member of the Septet Haydn, virtuoso ensemble of Quebec, some of whom have joined the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 symphonique de Qu\u00e9bec (now Quebec Symphony Orchestra) in 1903 .\nHe was a municipal councilor in Quebec Fran\u00e7ois Langelier and Simon-Napol\u00e9on Parent between 1883 and 1890 and from 1900 to 1908. He died in Quebec, on 1 December 1922 at the age of 81 years. He was buried in Notre-Dame-de-Belmont.", "Q193300": "Osamu Tezuka (Japanese: \u624b\u585a \u6cbb\u866b, born \u624b\u585a \u6cbb, Hepburn: Tezuka Osamu, (1928-11-03)3 November 1928 \u2013 9 February 1989) was a Japanese manga artist, cartoonist, and animator. Born in Osaka Prefecture, his prolific output, pioneering techniques, and innovative redefinitions of genres earned him such titles as \"the Father of Manga\", \"the godfather of manga\" and \"the god of manga\". Additionally, he is often considered the Japanese equivalent to Walt Disney, who served as a major inspiration during Tezuka's formative years. Though this phrase praises the quality of his early manga works for children and animations, it also blurs the significant influence of his later, more literary, gekiga works.\nTezuka began what was known as the manga revolution in Japan with his New Treasure Island published in 1947. His legendary output would spawn some of the most influential, successful, and well received manga series including the children mangas Astro Boy, Princess Knight and Kimba the White Lion, and the adult oriented series Black Jack, Phoenix, and Buddha, all of which won several awards.\nTezuka died of stomach cancer in 1989. His death had an immediate impact on the Japanese public and other cartoonists. A museum was constructed in Takarazuka dedicated to his memory and life works, and Tezuka received many posthumous awards. Several animations were in production at the time of his death along with the final chapters of Phoenix, which were never released.", "Q14281": "Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli ( SKAP-\u0259-REL-ee, SHAP-, also US: skee-AHP-, Italian: [d\u0292o\u02c8vanni vir\u02c8d\u0292i\u02d0njo skjapa\u02c8r\u025blli]; 14 March 1835 \u2013 4 July 1910) was an Italian astronomer and science historian.", "Q1344183": "English Americans (also referred to as Anglo-Americans) are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England.\nIn the 2018 American Community Survey, 22.8 million self-identified as being of English origin.The term is distinct from British Americans, which includes not only English Americans but also Scottish, Scotch-Irish (Northern Ireland), Welsh, Cornish and Manx Americans from the whole of the United Kingdom.\nDemographers regard the reported number of English Americans as a serious undercount, as the index of inconsistency is high and many if not most Americans from English stock have a tendency to identify simply as \"Americans\" or if of mixed European ancestry, identify with a more recent and differentiated ethnic group. \nIn the 1980 Census, over 49 million (49,598,035) Americans claimed English ancestry. At 26.34%, this was the largest group amongst the 188 million people who reported at least one ancestry. The population was 226 million which would have made the English ancestry group 22% of the total. Scotch-Irish Americans are for the most part descendants of Lowland Scots and Northern English (specifically - County Durham, Cumberland, Northumberland and Yorkshire) settlers who colonized Ireland during the Plantation of Ulster in the 17th century.\nIn 1982, an opinion poll showed respondents a card listing a number of ethnic groups and asked, \"Thinking both of what they have contributed to this country and have gotten from this country, for each one tell me whether you think, on balance, they've been a good or a bad thing for this country.\" The English were the top ethnic group, with 66% saying they were a good thing for the United States, followed by the Irish at 62%. Ben J. Wattenberg argues that this poll demonstrates a general American bias against Hispanics and other recent immigrant populations.The majority of the Founding Fathers of the United States were of English extraction. English immigrants in the 19th century, as with other groups, sought economic prosperity. They began migrating in large numbers, without state support, in the 1840s and continued into the 1890s.", "Q1240497": "Donald Wills Douglas Sr. (April 6, 1892 \u2013 February 1, 1981) was an American aircraft industrialist and engineer.\nAn aviation pioneer, he designed and built the Douglas Cloudster. Though it failed in its intended purpose\u2014being the first to fly non-stop across the United States\u2014it became the first airplane with a payload greater than its own weight.He founded the Douglas Aircraft Company in 1921 (the company later merged with McDonnell Aircraft to form McDonnell Douglas Corporation). Under his leadership, the company became one of the leaders of the commercial aircraft industry, engaging in a decades-long struggle for supremacy with arch-rival William Boeing and the company he founded, Boeing. Douglas gained the upper hand, particularly with his revolutionary and highly successful Douglas DC-3 airliner and its equally popular World War II military transport version, the C-47; at the start of the war, his airplanes made up 80% of all commercial aircraft in service. However, he lagged behind in the jet age and was overtaken and surpassed by Boeing. He retired in 1957.", "Q482950": "Jeon Yeo-ok (born April 9, 1959) is a conservative female South Korean politician who came from a journalist background. Of a pro-Lee Myung-bak background, she is known for expressing unsatisfying discontent against Park Geun-hye who regained control of the Saenuri Party (formally the Grand National Party). She was not nominated during the party nomination process for the 2012 legislative election as one of the close supporters of Lee Myung-bak. Until then, she was considered as the main rival of Park Geun-hye.\n\n", "Q493685": "The Centre Party (Norwegian: Senterpartiet, Sp) is an agrarian centrist political party in Norway. Founded in 1920 as a Nordic agrarian party, the Centre Party's policy is not based on any of the major ideologies of the 19th and 20th century, but has a focus on maintaining decentralised economic development and political decision-making.From its founding until 2000, the party joined only governments not led by the Labour Party (although it supported a Labour-government in the 1930s), but in 2005 turned around and joined the Red-Green coalition government led by the Labour Party. Governments headed by prime ministers from the party include the short-lived Kolstad and Hundseid's Cabinet between 1931 and 1933, and the longer-lasting Borten's Cabinet from 1965 until 1971.\nThe Centre Party has maintained a hardline stance against Norwegian membership in the European Union, successfully campaigning against Norwegian membership in both the 1972 and 1994 referendums, during which time the party saw record-high election results, which the party subsequently has extended to advocating Norway's withdrawal from the European Economic Area and the Schengen Agreement. The party favours an economically protectionist policy to protect Norwegian farmers with toll tariffs, and has more recently declared Norwegian nationalism a \"positive force\".", "Q384808": "Stewart Walker is a US born electronic music producer who lives and works in Berlin. Walker's fort\u00e9 is live performance, a rarity in the world of beat-driven electronic music, and he is known for contributing to the development of minimal techno with his 1999 album Stabiles.After selling his guitar and abandoning \"lead singer\" ambitions in Athens, Georgia in 1993, Stewart Walker started to assemble a studio. Starting with a synth, a drum machine, and a guitar amp, he'd work the filter knobs until the paint rubbed off while dreaming of standing on stage in front of adoring fans and flashing lights.\nFrom such humble beginnings, Stewart stepped up his knowledge of synthesis, drum programming and mixing. His early techno enthusiasm expressed itself in a line of recordings which began with Detroit-based labels in 1997, leading eventually to larger projects with well-known European techno labels such as Minus, Tresor, and Mille Plateaux.\nIn 2001, he founded his first imprint Persona Records which released almost 50 EPs and albums by himself and other talents such as Touane, Reynold, and Andrea Sartori. Ten years later in 2011, Stewart founded Son of Cataclysm as an artistic reaction to the economic and human rights crises of our time.\nWalker played at the re-opening of Berlin\u2019s famed Tresor club in 2007. His music occurs around 128 to 132 bpm, and is dense with many harmonic and percussive layers.\nWalker's \"Concentricity\" was cited as \"one of the standout long players of the year\" on Resident Advisor in 2007.Successes with Persona and other independent labels have brought Stewart's shows to worldwide audiences for 15 years. Stewart has been a fixture on the global club circuit from Tokyo to Berlin, New York to California and all world capitals in between. Always playing live original music has endeared Stewart to fans who are looking for soul and wisdom in their entertainment. A step beyond the simplicity of hedonism and personal abandon, Stewart Walker has built a legacy as a techno musician who still believes in the sound of the future.\nStewart is currently working with fellow Berlin based musician Sam Rouanet on a new instrumental project called Sweetnighter.", "Q2050378": "Joshua Atwill Pais (born June 21, 1958) is an American actor and acting coach. He has appeared in the films Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990), Music of the Heart (1999), Assassination of a High School President (2008), I Saw the Light (2015) and Motherless Brooklyn (2019). He also appeared in 9 episodes of Ray Donovan.", "Q3570604": "Xavier Beulin (19 December 1958 \u2013 19 February 2017) was a French agribusiness executive and lobbyist. He was the chairman of the Avril Group from 2000 to 2017, and chairman of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration nationale des syndicats d'exploitants agricoles from 2010 to 2017.", "Q237426": "B\u00e1rbara Mori Ochoa (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8ba\u027e\u03b2a\u027ea \u02c8mo\u027ei o\u02c8t\u0283oa]; born 2 February 1978) is an Uruguayan-born Mexican actress, model, producer and writer. She is known for playing the main character in the 2004 telenovela Rub\u00ed, one of the most successful telenovelas of all time. Since 2005 she has appeared as the lead character in several Hollywood and Bollywood films such as My Brother's Wife (2005), Violanchelo (2008), Insignificant Things (2008) produced by Guillermo del Toro, Kites (2010), Cantinflas (2014) and Treintona, soltera y fant\u00e1stica (2016).\nMori started her career in 1992 as a fashion model at the age of 14, later she became an actress when she co-starred in 1997 on the smash TV-hit Mirada De Mujer with TV Azteca; then, she starred in the soap opera Azul Tequila. She has also appeared in several lists as one of the most beautiful Mexican actresses of all time.", "Q132280": "Seiji Maehara (\u524d\u539f \u8aa0\u53f8, Maehara Seiji, born 30 April 1962) is a Japanese politician and was the leader of the Democratic Party from 1 September 2017 until its dissolution later that month. He has also been a member of the House of Representatives of Japan since 1993.\nMaehara was the leader of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) from 2005 to 2006, and later served as Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and Minister of Foreign Affairs under the cabinets of Yukio Hatoyama and Naoto Kan, before resigning from the cabinet in March 2011 after he acknowledged receiving illegal donations from a South Korean national living in Japan. Affiliated to the openly revisionist organization Nippon Kaigi, Maehara is viewed as a \"China hawk\" and a proponent of close ties with the United States. He is also often viewed as being politically conservative.", "Q79079": "Peter Sichrovsky (born 5 September 1947) is an Austrian journalist, writer, former politician and Member of the European Parliament. He belonged to the Freedom Party of Austria during his two terms in the European Parliament, although he was officially non-attached.", "Q102343": "Richard M. Weiner (born 6 February 1930) is a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Marburg in Marburg, Germany and an associate of the Laboratoire de Physique Th\u00e9orique at Paris-Sud 11 University in Orsay, France.", "Q29896": "Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi (20 August 1671 \u2013 1 June 1748) was a nobleman of Indian and central Asian Turkic descent. and the founder of the Asaf Jahi dynasty. He established the Hyderabad state, and ruled it from 1724 to 1748. He is also known by his titles Chin Qilich Khan (awarded by emperor Aurangzeb in 1690\u201391), Nizam-ul-Mulk (awarded by Farrukhsiyar in 1713) and Asaf Jah (awarded by Muhammad Shah in 1725).\n\n", "Q372608": "The University of Basel (German: Universit\u00e4t Basel, Latin: Universitas Basiliensis) is a university in Basel, Switzerland. Founded on 4 April 1460, it is Switzerland's oldest university and among the world's oldest surviving universities. The university is traditionally counted among the leading institutions of higher learning in the country.The associated Basel University Library is the largest and among the most important libraries in the country. The university hosts the faculties of theology, law, medicine, humanities and social sciences, science, psychology, and business and economics, as well as numerous cross-disciplinary subjects and institutes, such as the Biozentrum for biomedical research and the Institute for European Global Studies. In 2016, the University had 12,852 students and 377 professors. International students accounted for 24 percent of the student body.In its over 500-year history, the university has been home to Erasmus of Rotterdam, Paracelsus, Daniel Bernoulli, Leonhard Euler, Jacob Burckhardt, Friedrich Nietzsche, Tadeusz Reichstein, Karl Jaspers, Carl Gustav Jung, Karl Barth, and Jeanne Hersch. The institution is associated with nine Nobel prize winners and two Presidents of the Swiss Confederation.\n\n", "Q37470": "The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending that the General Assembly accept new members to the United Nations, and approving any changes to its charter. Its powers include the establishment of peacekeeping operations and international sanctions as well as the authorization of military actions through resolutions \u2013 it is the only body of the United Nations with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states. The council held its first session on 17 January 1946.\nLike the UN as a whole, the Security Council was created following World War II to address the failings of a previous international organization, the League of Nations, in maintaining world peace. In its early decades, the Security Council was largely paralyzed by the Cold War division between the US and USSR and their respective allies, though it authorized interventions in the Korean War and the Congo Crisis and peacekeeping missions in the Suez Crisis, Cyprus, and West New Guinea. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, UN peacekeeping efforts increased dramatically in scale, and the Security Council authorized major military and peacekeeping missions in Kuwait, Namibia, Cambodia, Bosnia, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.\nThe Security Council consists of fifteen members. The great powers that were the victors of World War II \u2013 the Soviet Union (now represented by Russia), the United Kingdom, France, the former Republic of China (now represented by the People's Republic of China), and the United States \u2013 serve as the body's five permanent members. These can veto any substantive resolution, including those on the admission of new member states or nominees for the office of Secretary-General. In addition, the council has 10 non-permanent members, elected on a regional basis to serve a term of two years. The body's presidency rotates monthly among its members.\nResolutions of the Security Council are typically enforced by UN peacekeepers, military forces voluntarily provided by member states and funded independently of the main UN budget. As of 2016, 103,510 peacekeepers and 16,471 civilians were deployed on sixteen peacekeeping operations and one special political mission.", "Q1024181": "The Pushkin House (Russian: \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043c, Pushkinsky Dom) is the familiar name of the Institute of Russian Literature in St. Petersburg. It is part of a network of institutions affiliated with the Russian Academy of Sciences.", "Q67247": "Emil Winkler (18 April 1835, Falkenberg bei Torgau \u2013 27 August 1888, Berlin) was a German civil engineer, professor with broad academic interest including engineering mechanics, railway engineering, bridge engineering. Emil Winkler was first to formulate and solve a problem of elastic beam on deformable foundation. The model of a beam on elastic foundation which assumes linear force-deflection relationship is known as Winkler Foundation. \nEmil Winkler studied in Dresden. From 1860, he earned his PhD at the University of Leipzig. He also gave courses in Dresden. He moved to Prague (1865) and Vienna (1868), where he was appointed professor. Although he was in Prague only three years these years were very productive. Professor Winkler published in Prague two books: Lecture on Railway Engineering (1867) and Theory of Elasticity and Strength of Materials (1867). In 1870 he moved to Berlin and taught at the Bauakademie. He also studied influence lines and came up with so called Winkler's unevenness.", "Q145008": "St. Blasien (Sankt Blasien) is a small town located in the Waldshut district in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is situated in the Southern Black Forest, 17 km northeast of Waldshut-Tiengen.\nSt. Blaise's Abbey in the Black Forest is located in St. Blasien. The town is twinned with Saint-Blaise in Switzerland. It is home to the Jesuit college-preparatory school, Kolleg St. Blasien.", "Q236738": "Jami Beth Gertz (born October 28, 1965) is an American actress and investor. Gertz is known for her early roles in the films Crossroads, The Lost Boys, Less Than Zero and Quicksilver, the 1980s TV series Square Pegs and 1996's Twister, as well as for her roles as Judy Miller in the CBS sitcom Still Standing and as Debbie Weaver in the ABC sitcom The Neighbors. Along with husband Tony Ressler, she is a part-owner of the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association.", "Q1053309": "The Cementerio General de Santiago, Chile is one of the largest cemeteries in Latin America with an estimated 2 million burials. The cemetery was established in 1821 after Chile's independence when Bernardo O'Higgins inaugurated the Alameda de las Delicias along the old course of the Mapocho River. O'Higgins set aside more than 85 hectares of land for the foundation of what became a magnificent grounds filled with ornate mausoleums surrounded by palm and leaf trees set amidst lush gardens and numerous sculptures, which have been estimated be 237. The cemetery, which is located northwest of Cerro Blanco, serves as a true urban park for Santiago.\nThis cemetery is the final resting place for at least 172 of the most influential people in Chile, including all but two of the deceased Presidents of Chile, the exceptions being Gabriel Gonz\u00e1lez Videla and Augusto Pinochet. One of the most visited memorials is that of former President Salvador Allende who had been buried in the Santa Ines cemetery at Vi\u00f1a del Mar following his suicide in the 1973 coup d'\u00e9tat. With the democratic changes that began in the 1990s, Allende was exhumed and his remains were transported in a solemn procession through the streets of Santiago to a place of honor in the Cementerio General de Santiago. The cemetery also has a memorial to the people that were 'disappeared' during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet that ousted President Allende.\nThe gatehouse that serves as the main entrance to the cemetery is crowned by a dome, which acts as a terminating vista for La Paz Avenue. This entrance is preceded by the Plaza La Paz, a semicircular plaza whose curved portion is framed by two exposed brick arcades. At the center of the square stands a monument dedicated to the people who died in the Church of the Company Fire. The cemetery can be accessed via Cementerios metro station.\nThe historical portion of the cemetery was designated as a national monument in 2010, reaching the same status as Patio 29.", "Q511876": "Manassas (; formerly Manassas Junction) is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 37,821. The city borders Prince William County, and the independent city of Manassas Park, Virginia. The Bureau of Economic Analysis includes both Manassas and Manassas Park with Prince William County for statistical purposes.\nManassas also serves as the seat of Prince William County. It surrounds the 38-acre (150,000 m2) county courthouse, but that county property is not part of the city. The City of Manassas has several important historic sites from the period 1850\u20131870.\nThe City of Manassas is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area and is in the Northern Virginia region.", "Q793173": "Aynsley Lister (born 14 November 1976 in Leicester, England) is a British blues-rock guitarist/singer and songwriter.", "Q57384": "Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23, 1912 \u2013 June 16, 1977) was a German and later American aerospace engineer and space architect. He was the leading figure in the development of rocket technology in Germany and a pioneer of rocket and space technology in the United States.While in his twenties and early thirties, von Braun worked in Nazi Germany's rocket development program. He helped design and develop the V-2 rocket at Peenem\u00fcnde during World War II. Following the war, he was secretly moved to the United States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1.\nIn 1960, his group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the Moon. In 1967, von Braun was inducted into the National Academy of Engineering, and in 1975, he received the National Medal of Science. He advocated a human mission to Mars.", "Q78367": "Simon Verhoeven (born 20 June 1972) is a German film director, screenwriter, actor, and film music composer. He is the son of actress Senta Berger and film director Michael Verhoeven. His filmography as an actor includes Bride of the Wind (2001) and The Sinking of the Laconia (2010).", "Q334885": "Wayne Anthony Allwine (February 7, 1947 \u2013 May 18, 2009) was an American voice actor, sound effects editor and foley artist for The Walt Disney Company. He is best remembered as the voice of Mickey Mouse for 32 years, narrowly the longest to date, and was married to voice actress Russi Taylor, who voiced Minnie Mouse from 1986 to 2019.\n\n", "Q60528": "Helene Weigel (12 May 1900 \u2013 6 May 1971) was a distinguished German actress and artistic director. She was the second wife of Bertolt Brecht and was married to him from 1930 until his death in 1956. Together they had two children.", "Q63021": "Esther Silvana Koch-Mehrin (born 17 November 1970, in Wuppertal) is a German politician and former Member of the European Parliament with the Free Democratic Party of Germany. Until May 2011, she was Vice Chairwoman of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. She was a member of the European Parliament's Committee on Budgets. She also was a substitute member of the Committee on Budgetary Control and a member of the Delegation for relations with the Maghreb countries and the Arab Maghreb Union (including Libya). EU Representative to the Executive Board of W20, Member of the Advisory Board of the Council of Women World Leaders (CWWL), and Alumni of the Young Global Leaders Network of the World Economic Forum.", "Q383197": "Jintara Poonlarp (Thai: \u0e08\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e1e\u0e39\u0e19\u0e25\u0e32\u0e20, [\u02a8int\u00e0r\u01ce\u02d0 p\u02b0u\u02d0nl\u00e2\u02d0p], RTGS: Chintara Phunlap) (b. 6 March 1969, Kaset Wisai District, Roi Et Province, Thailand \u2014) is a Thai mor lam, luk thung and pop music singer. \nShe is one of the most popular and prolific of the artists in the mor lam (Thai country) and luk thung (Thai pop-country) genres, having released 50 original albums and 47 singles as well as many compilations. She records roughly equal amounts of mor lam and luk thung, but two of her best-known songs are the string (Thai pop) hits \"Ma Tammai\" and \"Faen Ja,\" recorded with Thongchai McIntyre. \nShe is also sometimes known by her nickname Jin or the epithet sao siang pin (Thai: \u0e2a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e13, meaning \"lute-voiced girl\"), and she has a unique identity is short hair with bangs. She has performed on stage for 33 years.\n\n", "Q2895666": "Hasib Sabbagh (Arabic: \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u200e), (also spelled Hassib) (1920 \u2013 12 January 2010) was a Palestinian businessman, activist, and philanthropist.", "Q233898": "Sherwood Anderson (September 13, 1876 \u2013 March 8, 1941) was an American novelist and short story writer, known for subjective and self-revealing works. Self-educated, he rose to become a successful copywriter and business owner in Cleveland and Elyria, Ohio. In 1912, Anderson had a nervous breakdown that led him to abandon his business and family to become a writer.\nAt the time, he moved to Chicago and was eventually married three additional times. His most enduring work is the short-story sequence Winesburg, Ohio, which launched his career. Throughout the 1920s, Anderson published several short story collections, novels, memoirs, books of essays, and a book of poetry. Though his books sold reasonably well, Dark Laughter (1925), a novel inspired by Anderson's time in New Orleans during the 1920s, was his only bestseller.", "Q543856": "Jasminka Doma\u0161 (born 5 September 1948, Banja Luka) is a Croatian Jewish writer, journalist and scientist.Doma\u0161 was born in Banja Luka and graduated from the Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Zagreb. Doma\u0161 is master of biblical and modern Judaism, and specialises in such issues as national minorities and interfaith relations. She is an associate of many national and international magazines. In the area of Judaism, she has published more than three hundred articles. Doma\u0161 is also the guest lecturer at the Jesus Society, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb. Since 1995 to 1998, Doma\u0161 made more than two hundred documentary testimonials for the Shoah Foundation, whose founder and president is Steven Spielberg.She is a member of the World Conference of Religions for Peace, PEN Croatia and Croatian Writers Society. Doma\u0161 was active member of the Jewish community in Zagreb until it's split. She is an active member of the Beth Israel Jewish community. Doma\u0161 is also active in the Jewish cultural society \"Miroslav \u0160alom Freiberger\", Croatian Helsinki Committee and Association for Religious Freedom in Croatia, where she is the president. Doma\u0161 works at the Croatian Radiotelevision as a journalist.\n\n", "Q86913": "Erik Durschmied (born 25 December 1930) is a cinematographer, producer, director and also an author, military history professor and a former war correspondent for BBC, CBS. Newsweek called him a \"supremely gifted reporter who has changed the media he works in\", while The New York Times wrote \"He has seen more wars than any living general.\" Durschmied is best known for his book The Hinge Factor (since retitled How Chance and Stupidity Have Changed History). For the sum of his literary work, (his books are published in two dozen languages) he received the honorary citizenship of Austria.", "Q439888": "Elisa Rosario Ruiz Penella (born 15 December 1934, in Granada), known as Elisa Mont\u00e9s, is a Spanish actress who took her pseudonym from the celebrated work of her grandfather, Manuel Penella, El gato mont\u00e9s.\nMont\u00e9s is the sister of actresses Emma Penella (1930\u20132007) and Terele P\u00e1vez (1939-2017), daughter of Magdalena Penella Silva and the law politician Ram\u00f3n Ruiz Alonso, and granddaughter and great-granddaughter to composers Manuel Penella and Manuel Penella Raga. She was married to actor Antonio Ozores. The daughter of this marriage, Emma Ozores, has also dedicated herself to acting.\nOn October 12, 2017 she received the ASFAAN award by Alberto Dell'Acqua and Emma Ozores.", "Q235231": "Natasha St-Pier (born 10 February 1981) is a Canadian singer of Acadian origin who has spent most of her career in France. She was coach in the second and third season of The Voice Belgique (The Voice of Belgium).\n\n", "Q110747": "Wilhelm Ulbrich (September 10, 1846 \u2013 October 16, 1922) was a German journalist and regional poet of Thuringia.", "Q533369": "Saul Stacey Williams (born February 29, 1972) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, musician, poet, writer, and actor. He is known for his blend of poetry and alternative hip hop, and for his lead roles in the 1998 independent film Slam and the 2013 jukebox musical Holler If Ya Hear Me.", "Q573995": "Anthony Shadid (Arabic: \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u200e; September 26, 1968 \u2013 February 16, 2012) was a foreign correspondent for The New York Times based in Baghdad and Beirut who won the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting twice, in 2004 and 2010.", "Q1797": "Pupienus (Latin: Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus Augustus; born c. 165/170 \u2013 29 July 238), also known as Pupienus Maximus, was Roman Emperor with Balbinus for three months in 238, during the Year of the Six Emperors. The sources for this period are scant, and thus knowledge of the emperor is limited. In most contemporary texts Pupienus is referred to by his cognomen \"Maximus\" rather than by his second nomen (family name) Pupienus.", "Q65450": "Gurtnellen is a village and a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.", "Q1643341": "Brancaleone Doria was the husband of Eleanor of Arborea. He was a scion of an influential family (the Doria) of the Republic of Genoa, the son of the elder Brancaleone and a woman named Giacomina. On 16 March 1357, he became a vassal of Peter IV of Aragon, the nominal King of Sardinia, to legitimate the possessions of his father on the island. \nWhen Hugh III of Arborea, Eleanor's brother, sought out a matrimonial alliance with Genoa, his choice for a brother-in-law fell on Brancaleone. The marriage took place in 1376, a political alliance only, for the Bas-Serra family of Eleanor was opposed to the royal pretensions of the House of Barcelona, to which Brancaleone was affiliated. Already at the time of his marriage, he had illegitimate children, Giannettino and Nicholas, by an anonymous woman. \nWhen Hugh was assassinated in 1383, Eleanor and Brancaleone's young son Frederick succeeded to the Giudicato of Arborea. At that time, Brancaleone was in Catalonia to receive the honorific title of \"Count of Monteleone and Baron of Lower Marmilla.\" As soon as Peter IV heard of the election of Frederick, he arrested Brancaleone and sent him to Cagliari, to be imprisoned first in the tower of Pancrazio and then in that of Elefante. Arborea was governed in the meantime by Eleanor. \nFrederick, later seized and imprisoned by Peter himself, died young and in captivity. He was succeeded by Brancaleone's second son, Marianus V. Brancaleone was finally liberated only on 1 January 1390. His fidelity to the Aragonese crown was by then broken. \nOn 1 April 1391, Brancaleone marched on Castel di Cagliari and, on 16 August, occupied Sassari and Osilo with his son Marianus. In September, he conquered the castles of Fava, Galtell\u00ec, Bonveh\u00ec, and Pedreso. Only Alghero and Longosardo remained in Aragonese hands by then. On 3 October, he entered Villa di Chiesa. In a letter written at Sanluri on 3 February 1392, he announced having repossessed all the territories lost to the Aragonese in 1388. On 16 March, a fleet under Martin of Aragon appeared off Capo San Marco, conducted from Sicily for the purpose of putting down Brancaleone's \"rebellion.\" The attempt failed. \nFollowing Marianus' death, Arborea passed to William III of Narbonne. Brancaleone retired to his estates at Monteleone. He disappears from the record mysteriously before the Battle of Sanluri in 1409.", "Q3047505": "Brigadier-General Edgar William Cox (9 May 1882 \u2013 26 August 1918) was a senior intelligence officer on the British General Staff throughout most of the First World War who drowned in suspicious circumstances whilst swimming in August 1918 shortly after the German successes in the Spring Offensive which drove the Allied armies back a large distance. Although officially an accident, suspicions of suicide surrounded his death, which occurred just days before the beginning of the Allied counterattack which would eventually defeat the German army.", "Q106643": "Blessed Gebhard von Salzburg (c. 1010 \u2013 15 June 1088), also occasionally known as Gebhard of Sussex, was Archbishop of Salzburg from 1060 until his death. He was one of the fiercest opponents of King Henry IV of Germany during the Investiture Controversy.", "Q214599": "Ern\u0151 Verebes (born Ernst Weiss, December 6, 1902 \u2013 June 13, 1971) was a Hungarian-American actor who began his career in German silent films.", "Q62459": "Alexander Abusch (14 February, 1902 \u2013 27 January, 1982). He was a German journalist, non-fiction writer, and politician.\nAccording to one source he was born into a Jewish family in Krak\u00f3w, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary. According to another source, he was born in Nuremberg, where, in the suburb of Gostenhof, he grew up, attended school, served his apprenticeship and had his first full-time job. His father worked as a Coachman and scrap metal dealer, and later opened a hat shop. His mother also worked as a small trader.Abusch joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) in 1918. He was editor of several KPD publications. In 1937, he became part of the exiled KPD leadership in Paris, later in Toulouse. In 1941, he moved to Mexico, where he became a member of the Free Germany Movement. Between 1948 and 1950 he was part of the party leadership of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany. Between 1958 and 1961 he served as Minister of Culture of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). It was in his role as Minister of Culture that he ordered the demolition of princely castle of Putbus on R\u00fcgen, which was considered the most beautiful in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.He published under the pen name Ernst Reinhardt.", "Q15809": "Ivan Cankar (pronounced [\u02c8tsa\u02d0\u014bka\u027e], pronunciation ) (10 May 1876 \u2013 11 December 1918) was a Slovene writer, playwright, essayist, poet and political activist. Together with Oton \u017dupan\u010di\u010d, Dragotin Kette, and Josip Murn, he is considered as the beginner of modernism in Slovene literature. He is regarded as the greatest writer in the Slovene language, and has sometimes been compared to Franz Kafka and James Joyce.", "Q116450": "Silja Walter (23 April 1919 \u2013 31 January 2011) was a Swiss author and Benedictine nun in the Fahr Abbey in Switzerland. Born as C\u00e9cile Walter in Rickenbach, Solothurn, in Switzerland, at the age of 30 she became a nun: her religious name was Maria Hedwig (OSB). Her brother, Otto F. Walter, was also a popular Swiss author.", "Q532711": "Encinitas is an affluent beach city in the North County area of San Diego County, California. Located within Southern California, it is approximately 25 miles (40 km) north of San Diego and about 95 miles (153 km) south of Los Angeles. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 59,518, up from 58,014 at the 2000 census.", "Q127855": "Chesky Records is a record company and label founded in 1978 by brothers David and Norman Chesky. The company produces high-definition recordings of music in a variety of genres, including jazz, classical, pop, R&B, folk and world/ethnic. Chesky artists include McCoy Tyner, Herbie Mann, David Johansen and the Harry Smiths, Joe Henderson, Chuck Mangione, Paquito D'Rivera, Ron Carter, Larry Coryell, John Pizzarelli, Bucky Pizzarelli, Babatunde Olatunji, Ana Caram, and Rebecca Pidgeon.Chesky Records also offers binaural recordings, which seeks to replicate 3-D stereo sound so that the recording sounds as if the listener is in the same room with the musicians. They capture this sound using dummy head recording. For its recordings, Chesky Records uses acoustically vibrant spaces, including the Hirsch Center in Greenpoint, Brooklyn and St. Paul the Apostle Church located in Manhattan.The company has a mastering studio in New York City, New York.", "Q232238": "Two Among Millions (German: Zwei unter Millionen) is a 1961 West German drama film directed by Victor Vicas and starring Hardy Kr\u00fcger, Loni von Friedl and Joseph Offenbach.The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hans Auffenberg and Albrecht Hennings.", "Q368136": "Violent City (Italian: Citt\u00e0 violenta), also known as The Family, is a 1970 Italian-French film directed by Sergio Sollima and starring Charles Bronson, Jill Ireland and Telly Savalas. Set and shot in the city of New Orleans, the film is an urban crime thriller with a plot of hitman revenge.", "Q234891": "Yo-Yo Ma (born October 7, 1955) is an American musician. Born in Paris, he spent his schooling years in New York City and was a child prodigy, performing from the age of four and a half. He graduated from The Juilliard School and Harvard University, and has performed as a soloist with orchestras around the world. He has recorded more than 90 albums and received 18 Grammy Awards.\nIn addition to recordings of the standard classical repertoire, he has recorded a wide variety of folk music such as American bluegrass music, traditional Chinese melodies, the tangos of Argentinian composer \u00c1stor Piazzolla, and Brazilian music. He has collaborated with artists including jazz singer Bobby McFerrin, guitarist Carlos Santana, S\u00e9rgio Assad and his brother, Odair, and singer-songwriter and guitarist James Taylor. Ma's primary performance instrument is a Montagnana cello crafted in 1733 and valued at US$2.5 million.\nHe has been a United Nations Messenger of Peace since 2006. He was awarded The Glenn Gould Prize in 1999, the National Medal of Arts in 2001, Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2011, and Polar Music Prize in 2012.\n\n", "Q100232": "Tamara Bach (born January 18, 1976 in Limburg an der Lahn, Hesse) is a German writer.", "Q392924": "Airport 1975 (also known as Airport '75) is a 1974 American air disaster film and the first sequel to the successful 1970 film Airport. Airport 1975 was directed by Jack Smight, produced by William Frye and Jennings Lang and has a screenplay by Don Ingalls. The film stars Charlton Heston, Karen Black and George Kennedy, as well as Gloria Swanson in her final screen appearance.The plot concerns the dramatic events aboard an airborne Boeing 747 when a small aircraft crashes into the cockpit causing the fatalities of senior crew and the blinding of the pilot with no one aboard qualified to take the controls. Airport 1975 was the seventh highest-grossing movie of 1974 at the US and Canada box office.", "Q918571": "John Lee Curtis \"Sonny Boy\" Williamson (March 30, 1914 \u2013 June 1, 1948) was an American blues harmonica player, singer and songwriter. He is often regarded as the pioneer of the blues harp as a solo instrument. He played on hundreds of recordings by many pre\u2013World War II blues artists. Under his own name, he was one of the most recorded blues musicians of the 1930s and 1940s and is closely associated with Chicago producer Lester Melrose and Bluebird Records. His popular songs, original or adapted, include \"Good Morning, School Girl\", \"Sugar Mama\", \"Early in the Morning\", and \"Stop Breaking Down\".\nWilliamson's harmonica style was a great influence on postwar performers. Later in his career, he was a mentor to many up-and-coming blues musicians who moved to Chicago, including Muddy Waters. In an attempt to capitalize on Williamson's fame, Aleck \"Rice\" Miller began recording and performing as Sonny Boy Williamson in the early 1940s, and later, to distinguish the two, John Lee Williamson came to be known as Sonny Boy Williamson I or \"the original Sonny Boy\".", "Q159347": "Terrence Stephen McQueen (March 24, 1930 \u2013 November 7, 1980) was an American actor. McQueen was nicknamed \"The King of Cool\", and his antihero persona developed at the height of the counterculture of the 1960s made him a top box-office draw during the 1960s and 1970s. McQueen received an Academy Award nomination for his role in The Sand Pebbles. His other popular films include The Cincinnati Kid, Love With the Proper Stranger, The Thomas Crown Affair, Bullitt, The Getaway, and Papillon, as well as the all-star ensemble films The Magnificent Seven, The Great Escape, and The Towering Inferno.\nIn 1974, he became the highest-paid movie star in the world, although he did not act in films again for four years. McQueen was combative with directors and producers, but his popularity placed him in high demand and enabled him to command large salaries.", "Q182543": "William Samuel Johnson (October 7, 1727 \u2013 November 14, 1819) was an early American statesman who was notable for signing the United States Constitution, for representing Connecticut in the United States Senate, and for serving as the third president of King's College, now known as Columbia University.", "Q273502": "Anne Jennifer Dudley (n\u00e9e Beckingham; born 7 May 1956) is an English composer, keyboardist, conductor and pop musician. She was the first BBC Concert Orchestra's Composer in Association in 2001. She has worked in both the classical and pop genres, but she is perhaps best known as one of the core members of the synthpop band Art of Noise and as a film composer. In 1998, Dudley won an Oscar for Best Original Musical or Comedy Score for The Full Monty. In addition to over twenty other film scores, in 2012 she served as music producer for the film version of Les Mis\u00e9rables, also acting as arranger and composing some new additional music.", "Q4189": "Claire Rhiannon Holt (born 11 June 1988) is an Australian-American actress, known for her roles as Rebekah Mikaelson in the television series The Vampire Diaries and its spinoff series The Originals, Samara Cook in Pretty Little Liars, Emma in H2O: Just Add Water, and Kate in the survival horror film 47 Meters Down.\n\n", "Q452797": "Marta Harnecker (Santiago de Chile, 1937 \u2013 Vancouver, Canada 15 June 2019) was a Chilean journalist, author, psychologist, sociologist and Communist-Marxist intellectual. She worked in the analysis of the labor movement and elaborated a lot of formative documentation. She was also an advisor to the socialist Marxist government of Cuba, as well as a collaborator with left-wing political movements in Latin America. She was active in the government of Salvador Allende between 1970 and 1973, and a counselor of Hugo Ch\u00e1vez between 2002 and 2006.\nShe married US economist Michael A. Lebowitz.", "Q922821": "Shinichi Osawa (Japanese: \u5927\u6ca2 \u4f38\u4e00, Hepburn: \u014csawa Shin'ichi, born 7 February 1967), better known by his stage name Mondo Grosso, is a Japanese musician, DJ, record producer and composer currently signed onto Avex Trax's Rhythm Zone label. Previously he was signed to Sony Music Japan's FEARLESS RECORDS division and released albums under the title of Mondo Grosso (Italian for \"big world\"). Over the course of his career he has worked in genres from acid jazz to house, with strong influences of underground club music, though his recent work has been in the genre of electro house. HMV Japan rated Mondo Grosso at #95 on their \"Top 100 Japanese Pop Artists\" and Shinichi Osawa is ranked as Japan's #1 electro house DJ and Japan's #3 overall DJ by TopDeejays.com.", "Q560731": "Menno, Baron van Coehoorn (March 1641 \u2013 17 March 1704) was a Dutch soldier and engineer, regarded as one of the most significant figures in Dutch military history. In an era when siege warfare dominated military campaigns, he and his French counterpart Vauban were the acknowledged experts in designing, taking and defending fortifications.\nBoth had their advocates; Vauban's maxim of 'more powder, less blood' also took longer, an important consideration when most military deaths occurred from disease. He is also viewed as more innovative in the design and extent of his fortifications, which included ports, waterways, roads and even town layouts.\nHowever, unlike Vauban, Van Coehoorn had limited financial resources. He showed great skill in maximising these, while adapting to the specific challenges posed by the flat terrain in the Netherlands. Some of his water defences and designs were still being used in the 1950s.", "Q133820": "Amber Evangeline Valletta (born February 9, 1974) is an American fashion model and actress. She began her career as a fashion model, landing her first of sixteen American Vogue covers at the age of eighteen. During the 1990s, Valletta reached the status of supermodel, working as the face of Giorgio Armani, Chanel, Escada, Louis Vuitton, Prada, Valentino, Gucci and Versace, and signing multimillion-dollar cosmetics contracts with Calvin Klein and Elizabeth Arden. From 1995 to 1996, Valletta and her friend and fellow model Shalom Harlow hosted the MTV show House of Style.\nIn the 2000s, Valletta began to focus on her career as an actress. She had her first major film role as a poltergeist in Robert Zemeckis's supernatural thriller What Lies Beneath (2000). She has since appeared in films such as Hitch (2005), Transporter 2 (2005), Man About Town (2006), Dead Silence (2007), Gamer (2009), and The Spy Next Door (2010). In 2011, she moved to television, appearing in a recurring role as the fallen socialite Lydia Davis on ABC's drama television series Revenge. In 2015, Valletta starred as villainous Carla Briggs in another ABC soap opera, Blood & Oil.", "Q680669": "Martin Bouygues (born 3 May 1952) is the chairman and chief executive officer of the French company Bouygues (around 130,000 people in the world); founded by his father Francis Bouygues in 1952.\nIn 2015 he was listed as the world\u2019s 481st richest person, and is a billionaire.\n\n", "Q78415": "Monika Hohlmeier (n\u00e9e Strau\u00df, born 2 July 1962) is a German politician who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2009. She is a member of the Christian Social Union, part of the European People's Party. Between 1998 and 2005 she served as Bavarian State Minister for Education and Cultural Affairs.", "Q67535": "Julius Curtius (7 February 1877 \u2013 10 November 1948) was a German politician who served as Minister for Economic Affairs (from January 1926 to December 1929) and Foreign Minister of the Weimar Republic (from October/November 1929 to October 1931).", "Q134183": "Earvin \"Magic\" Johnson Jr. (born August 14, 1959) is an American retired professional basketball player and former president of basketball operations of the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played point guard for the Lakers for 13 seasons. After winning championships in high school and college, Johnson was selected first overall in the 1979 NBA draft by the Lakers. He won a championship and an NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in his rookie season, and won four more championships with the Lakers during the 1980s. Johnson retired abruptly in 1991 after announcing that he had contracted HIV, but returned to play in the 1992 All-Star Game, winning the All-Star MVP Award. After protests from his fellow players, he retired again for four years, but returned in 1996, at age 36, to play 32 games for the Lakers before retiring for the third and final time.\nJohnson's career achievements include three NBA MVP Awards, nine NBA Finals appearances, twelve All-Star games, and ten All-NBA First and Second Team nominations. He led the league in regular-season assists four times, and is the NBA's all-time leader in average assists per game, at 11.2. Johnson was a member of the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team (\"The Dream Team\"), which won the Olympic gold medal in 1992. After leaving the NBA in 1992, Johnson formed the Magic Johnson All-Stars, a barnstorming team that traveled around the world playing exhibition games. Johnson was honored as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996.\nJohnson became a two-time inductee into the Basketball Hall of Fame\u2014being enshrined in 2002 for his individual career, and again in 2010 as a member of the \"Dream Team\". He was rated the greatest NBA point guard of all time by ESPN in 2007. His friendship and rivalry with Boston Celtics star Larry Bird, whom he faced in the 1979 NCAA finals and three NBA championship series, are well documented.\nSince his retirement, Johnson has been an advocate for HIV/AIDS prevention and safe sex, as well as an entrepreneur, philanthropist, broadcaster and motivational speaker. His public announcement of his HIV-positive status in 1991 helped dispel the stereotype, still widely held at the time, that HIV was a \"gay disease\" that heterosexuals need not worry about; his bravery in making this announcement was widely commended. Named by Ebony magazine as one of America's most influential black businessmen in 2009, Johnson has numerous business interests, and was a part-owner of the Lakers for several years. Johnson also is part of a group of investors that purchased the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2012 and the Los Angeles Sparks in 2014.", "Q70049": "Erich Zeigner (17 February 1886, Erfurt \u2013 5 April 1949, Leipzig) was Prime Minister of the German state of Saxony during the attempted communist uprising of 1923. \nIn August 1921 Zeigner was Minister of Justice of Saxony. On 21 March 1923 he became the third prime minister of the Free State of Saxony. On 10 October 1923 he appointed two members of the Communist Party as members of the government. On 27 October 1923, German Chancellor Gustav Stresemann issued an ultimatum demanding a dismissal of the Communist ministers. Zeigner refused to comply and, two days later, was deposed as prime minister by the President of Germany Friedrich Ebert (SPD) under the authority of Article 48 of the Weimar constitution. Zeigner was replaced by a commissioner.\nOn 21 November 1923 Zeigner was arrested for alleged corruption in office and sentenced in the spring of 1924 to three years in prison, from which he was released on probation in August 1925. \nIn 1932, he signed the Urgent Appeal against the Nazi Party. He was arrested in August 1933 after the Nazis had come to power but acquitted at trial in 1935. Since then he had to live by doing odd jobs. 1939 re-imprisoned for a short time, he worked as a bookkeeper in Leipzig. After the failed attempt to assassinate Hitler on July 20, 1944 Zeigner and Stanislaw Trabalski as well as Heinrich Flei\u00dfner was kidnapped, and other Leipzig Solzialdemokraten was arrested in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. In August 1944 he was arrested in Buchenwald concentration camp.\nZeigner returned to Leipzig in 1945, was in June / July 1945 legal council with the city administration in Leipzig and was appointed on 16 July 1945 by the commander of the Soviet military administration in Leipzig, Lieutenant General Nikolai Trufanov, as Lord Mayor of the city of Leipzig. He held this office until his death. In October 1946 he was confirmed as Lord Mayor by an election.\nZeigner died of natural causes on 5 April 1949. It has been suggested that after his dismissal, fear for his life and the welfare of his family prevented Zeigner from either resisting his dismissal at the time, or publicly denouncing the Nazi regime at a later date.", "Q258793": "Krysten Alyce Ritter (born December 16, 1981) is an American actress, musician, author, and model. She is known for starring as the superhero Jessica Jones on the Netflix drama series Jessica Jones (2015\u20132019) and the miniseries The Defenders (2017). She has also portrayed Chloe on the ABC comedy series Don't Trust the B---- in Apartment 23 (2012\u20132013).\nShe also appeared as Jane Margolis on the AMC drama series Breaking Bad (2009\u20132010) as well its 2019 spin-off El Camino, a Netflix film. \nRitter had roles in the series Veronica Mars, Gilmore Girls, 'Til Death, and Gravity. She has appeared in films such as What Happens in Vegas (2008), Confessions of a Shopaholic (2009), She's Out of My League (2010), Veronica Mars (2014), Big Eyes (2014), and The Hero (2017).", "Q186731": "Andreas Essenius (February 1618\u201318 May 1677) was a Dutch Reformed theologian, controversialist and academic. He became professor of theology at the University of Utrecht.", "Q152206": "C\u00e9sar and Rosalie (French: C\u00e9sar et Rosalie) is a 1972 French romance film starring Yves Montand and Romy Schneider, directed by Claude Sautet.", "Q560725": "Willem Johan Herman Mulier, known as Pim Mulier (10 March 1865 \u2013 12 April 1954) was one of the leading figures in sporting history of the Netherlands.He was founder of sports club Koninklijke HFC in 1879 and the first tennis club in the Netherlands in 1884. He also organized the first athletics competition and introduced cricket and hockey to the Netherlands.In 1889 he was founder of the Nederlandsche Voetbal- en Athletische Bond, the Dutch Football and Athletics Association. In 1890 he ice skated past eleven cities in Friesland, which became a precursor to the Elfstedentocht. He designed the medal for participation himself.In 1891, Mulier, with the assistance of Charles Goodman Tebbutt, introduced bandy to the Netherlands.\n\n", "Q365406": "Karl Artur Vilhelm Moberg (20 August 1898 \u2013 8 August 1973) was a Swedish journalist, author, playwright, historian, and debater. His literary career, spanning more than 45 years, is associated with his series The Emigrants. The four books, published between 1949 and 1959, deal with the Swedish emigration to the United States in the 19th century, and are the subject of two movie adaptations and a musical. Among other works are Raskens (1927) and Ride This Night (1941), a historical novel of a 17th-century rebellion in Sm\u00e5land acknowledged for its subliminal but widely recognised criticism against the Hitler regime.\nA noted public intellectual and debater in Sweden, he was noted for very vocal criticism of the Swedish monarchy (most notably after the Haijby affair), likening it with a servile government by divine mandate, and publicly supporting its replacement with a Swiss-style confederal republic. He spoke out aggressively against the policies of Nazi Germany, the Greek military junta, and the Soviet Union, and his works were among those destroyed in Nazi book burnings. In 1971, he scolded Prime Minister Olof Palme for refusing to offer the Nobel Prize in Literature to its recipient Alexander Solzhenitsyn \u2013 who was refused permission to attend the ceremony in Stockholm \u2013 through the Swedish embassy in Moscow.\nMoberg's suicide by self-inflicted drowning also drew much attention. He had had a long struggle with depression and writer's block.", "Q71357": "Rudolf Olden (January 14, 1885 in Stettin \u2013 September 18, 1940) was a German lawyer and journalist. In the Weimar period he was a well-known voice in the political debate, a vocal opponent of the Nazis, a fierce advocate of human rights and one of the first to alert the world to the treatment of Jews by the Nazis in 1934. He is the author of Hitler der Eroberer. Entlarvung einer Legende (\"Hitler the Conqueror, Debunking of a Myth\") which is considered part of the German exile literature. The book was promptly banned by the Nazis. Shortly after its publication by Querido in Amsterdam, Olden's citizenship was revoked and he emigrated, together with his wife, first to the United Kingdom and then, in 1940, to the United States. On September 18 both died in the U-boat attack on the SS City of Benares in the Atlantic.\nHe was a German Liberal of the best sort, rather more pugnacious than the average British Liberal, because he had more to fight against.", "Q237354": "Diane Eve Warren (born September 7, 1956) is an American songwriter and musician. She rose to prominence in 1983, and has since written songs for and co-written songs with multiple singers, as well as for several films.\nWarren has written nine number-one songs and 32 top 10 songs on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Additionally, two of the top 13 hits in the Hot 100's 57-year history were composed by her. \nWarren's career catapulted in the late 1980s shortly after joining forces with the UK music company EMI when Warren became the first songwriter in the history of Billboard magazine to have seven hits, all by different artists, on the singles chart at the same time prompting the UK's former Chairman of EMI Music Publishing Peter Reichardt to credit her as \"the most important songwriter in the world\". She has been rated the third most successful female artist in the UK.\nWarren has won a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, three consecutive Billboard Music Awards for Songwriter of the Year, and has been nominated for eleven Academy Awards. She has been inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Her UK success saw her win an Ivor Novello Award from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors when she received the Special International Award in 2008. Warren owns a publishing company, Realsongs, which gives her control over her compositions.", "Q112622": "Mary Teresa Norton (March 7, 1875 \u2013 August 2, 1959) was an American Democratic Party politician who represented Jersey City and Bayonne in the United States House of Representatives from 1925 to 1951. She was the first woman member of the Democratic Party elected to Congress and the first woman elected to represent New Jersey. She chaired four House committees during her tenure and was a labor advocate and a supporter of women's rights.", "Q4932031": "Robert Alan Cashell (April 22, 1938 \u2013 February 11, 2020) was an American businessman and politician. He served as the mayor of Reno, Nevada from 2002 to 2014. He served as the 28th Lieutenant Governor of Nevada from 1983 to 1987 and on the Nevada System of Higher Education Board of Regents from 1979 to 1982. He served as a board member for Station Casinos from June 17, 2011 until his death on February 11, 2020. He was a member of the Republican Party and a former member of the Democratic Party.", "Q140602": "The Gendarme Gets Married (French: Le gendarme se marie) is the third installment of the Gendarmes series, starring again Louis de Fun\u00e8s and one more time Genevi\u00e8ve Grad as his daughter. This comedy film succeeds Gendarme in New York and is followed by three further installments.", "Q106657": "Alban Gerhardt (born 25 May 1969, Berlin) is a German cellist.\nFrom a musical family, Gerhardt is the son of a mother who sang coloratura soprano, and his father, Axel Gerhardt, was a second violinist of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra for over 40 years. His brother Darius is a guitarist. Gerhardt took up both the piano and the cello at age eight, and studied with Marion Vetter and G\u00f6tz Teutsch of the Berlin Philharmonic, and eventually began working under Markus Nyikos. Gerhardt has also been a pupil of Boris Pergamenschikov.Gerhardt's first public performance came on 22 February 1987, when he played Haydn's Cello Concerto No.2 in D with a chamber orchestra in the Berliner Philharmonie. His international career was launched in 1991 when he made his debut with the Berlin Philharmonic and Semyon Bychkov. He won top prizes in several competitions in the early 1990s, including the 1990 Deutsche Musikwettbewerb Bonn, the ARD Competition that same year, and the Leonard Rose Competition in 1993. Gerhardt was a member of the BBC New Generation Artists scheme from 1999 to 2001.\nAt the 2009 BBC Proms, he performed the world premiere of Unsuk Chin's Cello Concerto, which Chin composed for Gerhardt. He subsequently recorded the concerto commercially for Deutsche Grammophon. Gerhardt has also collaborated with other composers such as Thomas Larcher, Brett Dean, J\u00f6rg Widmann, and Matthias Pintscher.\nGerhardt has won three ECHO Klassik Awards (1998, 2003 & 2009) as well as ICMA and MIDEM Classic awards. His DG recording of Unsuk Chin\u2019s Cello Concerto won the BBC Music Magazine Award in 2015 and was shortlisted for a Gramophone Award in 2015. He has made several commercial records for Hyperion. He has also recorded for Chandos Records.Gerhardt plays a Matteo Goffriller cello, made in 1710. In addition to his concert performances, Gerhardt has done various projects that have involved performance outside of traditional concert halls, such as in schools, hospitals and young offender institutions. In 2012, he also began collaboration with Deutsche Bahn, involving live performances on the main commuter routes in Germany.Gerhardt has been married twice. His marriage to his first wife, Katalina, produced a son. His second wife is the violinist Gergana Gergova, and the couple have a son.", "Q109564": "Rope is a 1948 American psychological crime thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, based on the 1929 play of the same name by Patrick Hamilton. The film was adapted by Hume Cronyn with a screenplay by Arthur Laurents.The film was produced by Hitchcock and Sidney Bernstein as the first of their Transatlantic Pictures productions. Starring James Stewart, John Dall and Farley Granger, this is the first of Hitchcock's Technicolor films, and is notable for taking place in real time and being edited so as to appear as a single shot through the use of long takes.\nIt is the second of Hitchcock's \"limited setting\" films, the first being Lifeboat.\nThe original play was said to be inspired by the real-life murder of 14-year-old Bobby Franks in 1924 by University of Chicago students Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb.", "Q272608": "Mulholland Drive (stylized as Mulholland Dr.) is a 2001 American neo-noir mystery film written and directed by David Lynch and starring Naomi Watts, Laura Harring, Justin Theroux, Ann Miller, Mark Pellegrino and Robert Forster. It tells the story of an aspiring actress named Betty Elms (Watts), newly arrived in Los Angeles, who meets and befriends an amnesiac woman (Harring) recovering from a car accident. The story follows several other vignettes and characters, including a Hollywood film director (Theroux).\nOriginally conceived as a television pilot, a large portion of the film was shot in 1999 with Lynch's plan to keep it open-ended for a potential series. After viewing Lynch's cut, however, television executives rejected it. Lynch then provided an ending to the project, making it a feature film. The half-pilot, half-feature result, along with Lynch's characteristic style, has left the general meaning of the film's events open to interpretation. Lynch has declined to offer an explanation of his intentions for the narrative, leaving audiences, critics, and cast members to speculate on what transpires. He gave the film the tagline \"A love story in the city of dreams\".Categorized as a psychological thriller, Mulholland Drive earned Lynch the Prix de la mise en sc\u00e8ne (Best Director Award) at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival, sharing the prize with Joel Coen for The Man Who Wasn't There. Furthermore, Lynch would also earn an Academy Award nomination for Best Director. The film launched Harring's career, boosted Watts' Hollywood profile considerably, and was the last feature film to star veteran Hollywood actress Ann Miller.\nMulholland Drive is now widely regarded as one of Lynch's finest works and one of the greatest films of the 21st century, ranking 28th in the 2012 Sight & Sound critics' poll of the best films ever made and topping a 2016 poll by BBC Culture of the best films since 2000. A. O. Scott of The New York Times writes that while some might consider the plot an \"offense against narrative order ... the film is an intoxicating liberation from sense, with moments of feeling all the more powerful for seeming to emerge from the murky night world of the unconscious\".", "Q1783603": "Long Island University (LIU) is a private university in the U.S. state of New York, overseas, and online. The university offers more than 500 academic programs at two main campuses, LIU Post and LIU Brooklyn, as well as non-residential programs at LIU Brentwood, LIU Riverhead, and LIU Hudson at Rockland and Westchester. LIU has NCAA Division I athletics and hosts the annual George Polk Awards in Journalism.", "Q685711": "Paul Lawrence Berman (born 1949) is an American writer on politics and literature.\nHis books include Terror and Liberalism (a New York Times best-seller in 2003), The Flight of the Intellectuals, A Tale of Two Utopias, Power and the Idealists, and an illustrated children's book, Make-Believe Empire. He edited, among other anthologies, Carl Sandburg: Selected Poems, for the American Poets Project of the Library of America.\nBorn to a Jewish family, Berman attended Columbia University, receiving an M.A. in American history in 1973. He is a contributing editor of The New Republic and a member of the editorial board of Dissent. He has been awarded fellowships from the MacArthur and Guggenheim foundations and from the Cullman Center for Scholars & Writers at the New York Public Library. He was a Regents' Lecturer at the University of California, Irvine, and a Distinguished Writer in Residence at New York University. He is also an Advisory Editor at Fathom: For a deeper understanding of Israel and the region.", "Q1435509": "Folktronica is a genre of music comprising various elements of folk music and electronica, often featuring uses of acoustic instruments \u2013 especially stringed instruments \u2013 and incorporating hip hop, electronic or dance rhythms, although it varies based on influences and choice of sounds. The Ashgate Research Companion to Popular Musicology describes folktronica as \"a catch-all [term] for all manner of artists who have combined mechanical dance beats with elements of acoustic rock or folk.\"", "Q1094656": "Baron Clas Alstr\u00f6mer (9 August 1736 \u2013 5 March 1794) was a Swedish naturalist who was a student of Carl Linnaeus at Uppsala University. From 1760 to 1764 he traveled throughout Southern Europe, collecting plants for Linnaeus. He established a botanical garden and natural museum near Gothenburg which was managed by the notable botanist Anders Dahl, another student of Linnaeus. Alstr\u00f6mer was the son of the industrialist Jonas Alstr\u00f6mer. The genus Alstroemeria was named after him by Linnaeus.", "Q3856276": "Michael (Mike) Suby is an American television and film score composer and music producer. He graduated from the Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts in 2000.", "Q63035": "Heinrich Rudolf Hermann Friedrich von Gneist (13 August 1816 \u2013 22 July 1895) was a German jurist and politician. Born in Berlin, he was the son of a judge attached to the city's Kammergericht (Court of Appeal). Gneist made significant influence on his student Max Weber and also contributed to Japan's first constitution through his communication with It\u014d Hirobumi.", "Q101886": "Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop (30 April 1893 \u2013 16 October 1946), better known as simply Joachim von Ribbentrop, was Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany from 1938 until 1945.\nRibbentrop first came to Adolf Hitler's notice as a well-travelled businessman with more knowledge of the outside world than most senior national socialists and as a perceived authority on foreign affairs. He offered his house Schloss Fuschl for the secret meetings in January 1933 that resulted in Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany. He became a close confidant of Hitler, to the disgust of some party members, who thought him superficial and lacking in talent. He was appointed ambassador to the Court of St James's, the royal court of the United Kingdom, in 1936 and then Foreign Minister of Germany in February 1938.\nBefore World War II, he played a key role in brokering the Pact of Steel (an alliance with Fascist Italy) and the Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact (the Nazi\u2013Soviet non-aggression pact). He favoured retaining good relations with the Soviets, and opposed the invasion of the Soviet Union. In the autumn of 1941, due to American aid to Britain and the increasingly frequent \"incidents\" in the North Atlantic between U-boats and American warships guarding convoys to Britain, Ribbentrop worked for the failure of the Japanese-American talks in Washington and for Japan to attack the United States. He did his utmost to support a declaration of war on the United States after the attack on Pearl Harbor. From 1941 onwards, Ribbentrop's influence declined.\nArrested in June 1945, Ribbentrop was convicted and sentenced to death at the Nuremberg trials for his role in starting World War II in Europe and enabling the Holocaust. On 16 October 1946, he became the first of the Nuremberg defendants to be executed, by hanging.\n\n", "Q931849": "Solomon Kerzner (23 August 1935 \u2013 21 March 2020) was a South African accountant and business magnate. He founded both of South Africa's largest hotel groups, the Southern Sun Hotel Group and Sun International. He was also the Founder, Chairman, and CEO of Kerzner International. His career spanned more than 45 years in the resort industry. After Kerzner graduated with a B.Com (Accounting) and B.Com (Hons) (Accounting) from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and qualified as a Chartered Accountant, he took over the running of his family's hotel chain.", "Q349852": "Thomas Edward Sizemore Jr. (born November 29, 1961) is an American film and television actor and producer. He is known for his supporting roles in films such as Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man (1991), Passenger 57 (1992), True Romance (1993), Natural Born Killers (1994), Strange Days (1995), Heat (1995), Saving Private Ryan (1998), Red Planet (2000), Black Hawk Down (2001), Pearl Harbor (2001), and for voicing Sonny Forelli in the video game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City. He also played Joey, Marissa's jealous ex-boyfriend in the film Zyzzyx Road (2006), and Anthony Sinclair in the revival television series Twin Peaks (2017).", "Q1112355": "Pierre Gadonneix (born 10 January 1943) is a French businessman; he was the chairman of the board and CEO of EDF from 2004 to 2009.\n\n", "Q299871": "Delarivier (sometimes spelt Delariviere, Delarivi\u00e8re or de la Rivi\u00e8re) Manley (1663 or c. 1670 \u2013 24 July 1724) was an English author, playwright, and political pamphleteer. (Some outdated sources list her first name as Mary, but recent scholarship has demonstrated that to be an error; Mary was the name of one of her sisters, and she always referred to herself as Delarivier or Delia.)Manley is sometimes referred to, with Aphra Behn and Eliza Haywood, as one of \"the fair triumvirate of wit\", which is a later attribution.", "Q202489": "Gerrit Jan Komrij (30 March 1944 \u2013 5 July 2012) was a Dutch poet, novelist, translator, critic, polemic journalist and playwright. He rose to prominence in the early 1970s writing poetry that sharply contrasted with the free-form poetry of his contemporaries. He acquired a reputation for his prose in the late 1970s, writing acerbic essays and columns often critical of writers, television programs, and politicians. As a literary critic and especially as an anthologist he had a formative influence on Dutch literature: his 1979 anthology of Dutch poetry of the 19th and 20th centuries reformed the canon, and was followed by anthologies of Dutch poetry of the 17th and 18th centuries, of Afrikaans poetry, and of children's poetry. Those anthologies and a steady stream of prose and poetry publications solidified his reputation as one of the country's leading writers and critics; he was awarded the highest literary awards including the P. C. Hooft Award (1993), and from 2000 to 2004 he was the Dutch Dichter des Vaderlands (Poet Laureate). Komrij died in 2012 at age 68.\n\n", "Q192022": "Broken Embraces (Spanish: Los abrazos rotos) is a 2009 Spanish romantic thriller film written, produced, and directed by Pedro Almod\u00f3var. Led by an ensemble cast consisting of many Almod\u00f3var regulars, it stars Llu\u00eds Homar as a blind Madrilenian screenwriter who recalls his tragic love for Lena, played by Pen\u00e9lope Cruz, the deceased lead actress in his last directional feature Girls and Suitcases, who was also the mistress of a powerful, obsessive businessman (Jos\u00e9 Luis G\u00f3mez). Blanca Portillo co-stars as his agent Judit, while Tamar Novas portrays her son and Caine's co-writer Diego.\nInspired by darkness and by a photo of a couple that Almod\u00f3var took of El Golfo beach in Lanzarote in the late 1990s, the film serves as an homage to filmmaking, cinema and its various film genres. Stylistically, it is a complex noir-ish melodrama, that also blends comic elements with a film within a film\u2014a broad comedy, that hearkens back to Almod\u00f3var's 1988 release, Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown. Thematically, Broken Embraces addresses themes like voyeurism, repression, prostitution, death, vengeance, fixation, illness, and drugs.\nBroken Embraces was one of the films competing for the Palme d'Or at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival. Dubbed \"purest Almod\u00f3var\" by The New Yorker, the film was noted for the director's characteristic \"bright primary colors,\" erotic subject matter, and meticulous, \"visually pulsating\" cinematography. The picture was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at both the 2009 British Academy Film Awards and the 67th Golden Globe Awards.", "Q524601": "Arzuhan Do\u011fan Yal\u00e7\u0131nda\u011f (born 1965) is a Turkish businesswoman and chairwoman of the Do\u011fan Holding industrial conglomerate.", "Q225036": "AnnaGrace was a Belgian progressive house, electro house, and deep house music project fronted by Belgian singer Annemie Coenen and produced by DJ and record producer Peter Luts. The project first achieved success in 2008 with the hit singles \"You Make Me Feel,\" \n\"Let the Feelings Go,\" \"Love Keeps Calling\" and the 2010 debut AnnaGrace album Ready to Dare. Today, Coenen continues to tour worldwide as AnnaGrace and Ian Van Dahl performing her biggest house and trance hits.", "Q116322": "Fabio Pusterla (born 1957, in Mendrisio, Switzerland) is a Swiss translator and writer in Italian.\nPusterla studied in the University of Pavia and is a teacher in Lugano and at the University of Geneva. He has translated French poetry to Italian, including Philippe Jaccottet, Antoine Emaz and Corinna Bille. Pusterla has won the Swiss Schiller Prize and the Gottfried Keller Preis, 2007. He was editor of the review \"Idra\" (1988\u20131998).", "Q45794": "Altered is a 2006 American science fiction horror film directed by Eduardo S\u00e1nchez and written by Jamie Nash. It was S\u00e1nchez's first solo effort as director following his co-directing of The Blair Witch Project in 1999.\nThe plot is an inversion of the standard alien abduction formula, as four men abduct a lone alien, planning to wreak revenge on the invading species. In its early stages, the film was entitled Probed, and was intended as a comic homage to work of Sam Raimi and Troma Entertainment.", "Q13580495": "BTS (Korean: \ubc29\ud0c4\uc18c\ub144\ub2e8; RR: Bangtan Sonyeondan), also known as the Bangtan Boys, is a seven-member South Korean boy band formed in Seoul in 2010. The septet co-writes and produces much of their output. Originally a hip hop group, their musical style has evolved to include a wide range of genres. Their lyrics, often focused on personal and social commentary, touch on the themes of mental health, troubles of school-age youth, loss, the journey towards loving oneself, and individualism. Their work features references to literature and psychological concepts and includes an alternative universe storyline. The group have staged several world tours.\nThe group initially formed as teenagers under Big Hit Entertainment and released their debut single album, 2 Cool 4 Skool (2013). Subsequent work such as their first U.S. Billboard 200 entries The Most Beautiful Moment in Life, Part 2 (2015), The Most Beautiful Moment in Life: Young Forever (2016), and Wings (2016) helped establish BTS' reputation as a socially conscious group. Wings became BTS' first album to sell one million copies in South Korea. By 2017, BTS crossed into the international music market, leading the Korean Wave into the United States and breaking numerous sales records, becoming the first Korean group to receive a certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for their single \"Mic Drop\". The band is the first Korean act to top the Billboard 200 with their studio album Love Yourself: Tear (2018) and have since hit the top of the U.S. charts with their albums Love Yourself: Answer (2018), Map of the Soul: Persona (2019) and Map of the Soul: 7 (2020), making BTS the fastest group since the Beatles to earn four number one albums in less than two years. Love Yourself: Answer also broke South Korea's Gaon Album Chart's all-time monthly record previously set by Love Yourself: Tear and became the first Korean album certified Platinum in the United States.\nHaving sold over 20 million albums on the Gaon Music Chart, BTS is the best-selling artist in South Korean history and holds the best-selling album in South Korea with Map of the Soul: 7. BTS were the second best-selling artists of 2018 worldwide according to the IFPI's Global Artist Chart, as well as the only non-English speaking artist to enter the chart. The group has won Top Social Artist three years in a row and Top Duo/Group at the 26th Billboard Music Awards. Featured on Time's international cover as \"Next Generation Leaders\", BTS has appeared in the magazine's 25 most influential people on the internet (2017\u20132019) and Time's 100 most influential people in the world (2019), with the outlet giving them the nickname \"Princes of Pop\". Forbes Korea named BTS the most influential celebrities of Korea in 2018, and BTS ranked 43rd in the Forbes Celebrity 100 (2019) as one of the world's top-earning celebrities. BTS are ranked #4 of Billboard's Top Social Artist of the 2010s, and are the highest group on the list. During their Love Yourself World Tour, BTS became the first Asian and first non-English speaking act to headline and sell out Wembley Stadium; and broke the record for the single highest-grossing engagement in Rose Bowl Stadium history. Billboard ranked BTS at #45 on their Top Touring Artists of the 2010s list, being the highest-ranked Asian as well as the only non-English speaking act on the list. As of 2019, BTS are purportedly worth more than $4.65 billion to South Korea's economy each year, or 0.3 percent of the country's GDP. BTS attracted one in every 13 foreign tourists that visited South Korea and were cited as one of the key acts boosting global music sales to $19 billion in 2018.\nFollowing the establishment of their Love Myself anti-violence campaign in partnership with UNICEF, BTS addressed the United Nations 73rd General Assembly and became the youngest ever recipients of the Order of Cultural Merit from the President of South Korea due to their contributions in spreading Korean culture and language.", "Q64982": "Fahrwangen is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q112144": "Josef Hirtreiter (1 February 1909 \u2013 27 November 1978) was an SS functionary of Nazi Germany and a Holocaust perpetrator who worked at Treblinka extermination camp during the Operation Reinhard phase of the Holocaust in Poland.", "Q27677": "Kathleen Sebelius (; n\u00e9e Gilligan; born May 15, 1948) is an American businesswoman and politician who served as the 21st United States Secretary of Health and Human Services from 2009 until 2014. As Secretary of Health and Human Services, Sebelius was instrumental in overseeing the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Before becoming Secretary, she served as the 44th Governor of Kansas from 2003 to 2009, the second woman to hold that office. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Sebelius was the Democratic respondent to the 2008 State of the Union address and is chair-emerita of the Democratic Governors Association (she was its first female chair). She is CEO of Sebelius Resources LLC.", "Q38757": "Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht (10 February 1898 \u2013 14 August 1956), known professionally as Bertolt Brecht, was a German theatre practitioner, playwright, and poet. Coming of age during the Weimar Republic, he had his first successes as a playwright in Munich and moved to Berlin in 1924, where he wrote The Threepenny Opera with Kurt Weill and began a lifelong collaboration with the composer Hanns Eisler. Immersed in Marxist thought during this period, he wrote didactic Lehrst\u00fccke and became a leading theoretician of epic theatre (which he later preferred to call \"dialectical theatre\") and the so-called V-effect. During the Nazi period he lived in exile, first in Scandinavia, and during World War II in the United States, where he was surveilled by the FBI and subpoenaed by the House Un-American Activities Committee. Returning to East Berlin after the war, he established the theatre company Berliner Ensemble with his wife and long-time collaborator, actress Helene Weigel.", "Q323335": "The Penguins of Madagascar is an American CGI animated television series that had aired on Nickelodeon. It stars nine characters from the DreamWorks Animation animated film Madagascar: The penguins Skipper (Tom McGrath), Rico (John DiMaggio), Kowalski (Jeff Bennett), and Private (James Patrick Stuart); the lemurs King Julien (Danny Jacobs), Maurice (Kevin Michael Richardson), and Mort (Andy Richter); and Mason (Conrad Vernon) and Phil the chimpanzees. Characters new to the series include Marlene the otter (Nicole Sullivan) and a zookeeper named Alice (Mary Scheer). It is the first Nicktoon produced with DreamWorks Animation. The series was executive produced by Bob Schooley and Mark McCorkle, who were the creators of Pixar's 2D-animated series Buzz Lightyear of Star Command and Disney Channel's Kim Possible.\nThe pilot episode, \"Gone in a Flash\", aired as part of \"Superstuffed Nicktoons Weekend\" on Friday, November 28, 2008, and The Penguins of Madagascar became a regular series on March 28, 2009. The series premiere drew 6.1 million viewers, setting a new record as the most-watched premiere.Although the series occasionally alludes to the rest of the franchise, The Penguins of Madagascar does not take place at a precise time within it. McGrath, who is also the co-creator of the film characters, has said that the series takes place \"not specifically before or after the movie, I just wanted them all back at the zoo. I think of it as taking place in a parallel universe\".At the end of 2010, the show was the number two animated program on television among kids age 2\u201311 and in basic cable total viewers.In December 2014, DiMaggio stated that the show has ended production. A feature film starring the penguins (voiced by the Madagascar film actors, aside from DiMaggio as Rico) and featuring other characters voiced by Benedict Cumberbatch, Ken Jeong and John Malkovich, among others, was released on November 26, 2014.", "Q228512": "Mayumi Iizuka (\u98ef\u585a \u96c5\u5f13, Iizuka Mayumi, born January 3, 1977) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and J-pop singer who was born in Tokyo and grew up in Taiwan and Yokohama. Iizuka is a member of Gekidan Wakakusa and Tokuma Japan Communications.\nIn the middle of August 2010, she attended Shenyang Anime and Computer Game Exhibition 2010 (2010\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c88\u9633\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u52a8\u6f2b\u7535\u73a9\u535a\u89c8\u4f1a), Shenyang, China, and showed her performance there.", "Q295093": "Claude Barruck Joseph Lelouch (French: [l\u0259lu\u0283]; born 30 October 1937) is a French film director, writer, cinematographer, actor and producer.", "Q16960722": "Dieppe is a two-part Canadian television mini-series that aired on CBC Television in 1993. It was based on the book Unauthorized Action: Mountbatten and the Dieppe Raid by Brian Loring Villa.", "Q68160": "Vevey (French pronunciation: \u200b[v\u0259v\u025b]) is a town in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Geneva, near Lausanne. The German name Vivis is no longer commonly used.It was the seat of the district of the same name until 2006, and is now part of the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut District. It is part of the French-speaking area of Switzerland.\nVevey is home to the world headquarters of the international food and beverage company Nestl\u00e9, founded here in 1867. Milk chocolate was invented in Vevey by Daniel Peter in 1875, with the aid of Henri Nestl\u00e9.\nThe residence of British American actor and comedian Charlie Chaplin was in Vevey, where he lived from 1952 until his death in 1977.", "Q335557": "John Ian Robert Russell, 13th Duke of Bedford (24 May 1917 \u2013 25 October 2002), styled Lord Howland until 1940 and Marquess of Tavistock between 1940 and 1953, was a British peer and writer. With J. Chipperfield he founded Woburn Safari Park and was the first Duke to open to the public the family seat, Woburn Abbey, which houses a large gallery of European paintings. As with the Duke of Rutland's Belvoir Castle, Woburn is in the county after which the title is named.", "Q3033290": "Serdar Bilgili (born 1963) is a businessman who served as the president of the Istanbul-based football club Be\u015fikta\u015f J.K..", "Q1035098": "Buzz Lightyear of Star Command is an American animated science fiction/adventure/comedy series produced by Pixar Animation Studios and Walt Disney Television Animation. This series was the first hand-drawn animated project by Pixar. The series aired on UPN and ABC from October 2000 to January 2001 as part of Disney's One Saturday Morning and Disney's One Too programming blocks. It is the first series to be based on a Pixar franchise, followed by Forky Asks a Question (debuted on Disney+ in 2019) and Monsters at Work (set to debut on Disney+ in 2021).\nThe series follows the adventures of Space Ranger Buzz Lightyear, who first appeared as an action figure in the 1995 film Toy Story. It is preceded by the direct-to-video film Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins, which was also aired as the first three episodes of the series. A video game of the same name based on the series was released in 2000.", "Q903145": "Jordi Mestre Molina (born Barcelona, Spain, 14 September 1981), best known as Jordi Mestre, is a Spanish actor and model, who became famous for his work as reporter on the successful and in these moment ended Spanish TV show S\u00e9 lo que hicisteis.... He was born in Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona.", "Q424173": "Yasushi Akutagawa (\u82a5\u5ddd \u4e5f\u5bf8\u5fd7, Akutagawa Yasushi, July 12, 1925 \u2013 January 31, 1989) was a Japanese composer and conductor. He was born and raised in Tabata, Tokyo. His father was Ry\u016bnosuke Akutagawa.", "Q92972": "Keith Packard (born April 16, 1963) is a software developer, best known for his work on the X Window System.\nPackard is responsible for many X extensions and technical papers on X. He has been heavily involved in the development of X since the late 1980s as a member of the MIT X Consortium, XFree86 and the X.Org Foundation.\nIn 2011, O'Reilly awarded an open source award to Packard, as \"the person behind most of the improvements made on the open source desktop in the last ten years at least.\" He is portrayed as one of the Faces of Open Source.", "Q26569": "Zahl\u00e9 (Arabic: \u0632\u062d\u0644\u0629\u200e) is the capital and the largest city of Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon. With around 120,000 inhabitants, it is the third largest city in Lebanon after Beirut and Tripoli, and the fourth largest taking the whole urban area (the Jounieh urban area is larger).\nZahl\u00e9 is located 55 km (34 mi) east of the capital Beirut, close to the Beirut-Damascus road, and lies at the junction of the Lebanon mountains and the Beqaa plateau, at a mean elevation of 1,000 m. Zahl\u00e9 is known as the \"Bride of the Beqaa\" and \"the Neighbor of the Gorge\" for its geographical location and attractiveness, but also as \"the City of Wine and Poetry\" It is famous throughout Lebanon and the region for its pleasant climate, numerous riverside restaurants and quality arak. Its inhabitants are predominantly Greek Catholic and are known as Zahlawis.", "Q72887": "Friedrich Christian Baumeister (17 July 1709 \u2013 8 October 1785) was a German philosopher.\nBaumeister studied philosophy in Jena and Wittenberg. He became director of the G\u00f6rlitz gymnasium in 1736. His textbooks propagated the metaphysics of Christian Wolff.", "Q98286": "Anna Bederke (born 1981) is a German actress. She has appeared in more than ten films since 2009.", "Q647445": "Hugues Panassi\u00e9 (27 February 1912 in Paris \u2013 8 December 1974 in Montauban) was an influential French critic, record producer, and impresario of traditional jazz.\n\n", "Q42944": "The European Organization for Nuclear Research (French: Organisation europ\u00e9enne pour la recherche nucl\u00e9aire), known as CERN (; French pronunciation: \u200b[s\u025b\u0281n]; derived from the name Conseil europ\u00e9en pour la recherche nucl\u00e9aire), is a European research organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, the organization is based in a northwest suburb of Geneva on the Franco\u2013Swiss border and has 23 member states. Israel is the only non-European country granted full membership. CERN is an official United Nations Observer.The acronym CERN is also used to refer to the laboratory, which in 2016 had 2,500 scientific, technical, and administrative staff members, and hosted about 12,000 users. In the same year, CERN generated 49 petabytes of data.CERN's main function is to provide the particle accelerators and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics research \u2013 as a result, numerous experiments have been constructed at CERN through international collaborations. The main site at Meyrin hosts a large computing facility, which is primarily used to store and analyse data from experiments, as well as simulate events. Researchers need remote access to these facilities, so the lab has historically been a major wide area network hub. CERN is also the birthplace of the World Wide Web.", "Q100227": "Mechthildis Thein (1888 in Braunschweig \u2013 1959 in Singen) was a German stage and film actress of the silent period.", "Q3846064": "Marco Dezzi Bardeschi (September 30, 1934 \u2013 November 4, 2018) was an Italian architect. He was a professor of Architectural Restoration at the Polytechnic University of Milan. He authored several books, and he was the founding editor of ANANKE, an architectural magazine.", "Q23376": "Die Antwoord (pronounced [di \u02c8antv\u028a\u0259rt], Afrikaans for The Answer) is a South African hip hop group formed in Cape Town in 2008. \nThe group is composed of rappers Watkin Tudor \"Ninja\" Jones and Anri \"Yolandi Visser\" du Toit, a male/female duo, and producers HITEK5000 and Lil2Hood. Their image revolves around the South African counterculture movement known as zef and has incorporated work by other artists associated with the movement, such as photographer Roger Ballen.", "Q55610469": "\"Echo\" is the original unaired pilot episode of the Fox television series Dollhouse. It was officially released on the season one DVD set. It was reshot and many scenes from it were taken and inserted as filler in later episodes. It is not considered canon in terms of the show's mythology; however, many subsequent reviewers have noted that it was a superior pilot than the one aired.It is one of only three episodes of the series that was both written and directed by the series creator Joss Whedon.", "Q544692": "Jos\u00e9 Antonio Plana (born April 19, 1952), better known as Tony Plana, is a Cuban American actor and director. He is known for playing Betty Suarez's father, Ignacio Suarez, on the ABC television show Ugly Betty and also for voicing Manuel \"Manny\" Calavera in the video game Grim Fandango.", "Q319902": "Isaac ben Judah Abarbanel (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d1\u05df \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d1\u05e0\u05d0\u05dc;\u200e 1437\u20131508), commonly referred to as Abarbanel (\u05d0\u05b7\u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05e8\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e0\u05b0\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc), also spelled Abravanel, Avravanel or Abrabanel, was a Portuguese Jewish statesman, philosopher, Bible commentator, and financier.", "Q138960": "Le Locle District was one of the six districts of the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland, until the district level was eliminated on 1 January 2018. The district capital was the town of Le Locle. It had a population of 14,414.", "Q310098": "David Bryan Rashbaum (born February 7, 1962) is an American musician and songwriter, best known as the keyboard player for the rock band Bon Jovi, with which he has also co-written songs and performed backing vocals. He is the writer of the successful Broadway musical Memphis. In 2018, Bryan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Bon Jovi.", "Q333641": "John Mackinnon Robertson (14 November 1856 \u2013 5 January 1933) was a prolific journalist, advocate of rationalism and secularism, and Liberal Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom for Tyneside from 1906 to 1918. Robertson was best known as an advocate of the Christ myth theory.", "Q1554848": "Guns is a Canadian television miniseries that aired on CBC Television in 2008. Directed by Sudz Sutherland and written by Sutherland and Jennifer Holness, the miniseries explores the issue of gun violence in Canada.\nThe cast includes Colm Feore, Elisha Cuthbert, Stephen McHattie, K. C. Collins, Shawn Doyle and Lyriq Bent.\n\n", "Q1908566": "Laguna Beach () is a seaside resort city located in southern Orange County, California, in the United States. It is known for a mild year-round climate, scenic coves, environmental preservation, and an artist community. The population in the 2010 census was 22,723. As per population estimate in July 2018, the total population of Laguna Beach city was 22,991.Historically settled by Paleoindians, the Tongva people, and then Mexico, the location became part of the United States following the Mexican\u2013American War. Laguna Beach was settled in the 1870s and officially founded in 1887, and in 1927 its current government was incorporated as a city. In 1944, the city adopted a council-manager form for its government. The city has remained relatively isolated from urban encroachment by its surrounding hills, limited highway access, and a dedicated greenbelt. The Laguna Beach coastline is protected by 5.88 miles (9.46 km) of state marine reserve and an additional 1.21 miles (1.95 km) of state conservation area.Tourism is the primary industry with an estimated six million people visiting the community annually. Annual large events include the Pageant of the Masters, Festival of Arts, Sawdust Art Festival, Art-A-Fair, Bluewater Music Festival, and Kelpfest.", "Q312857": "Eug\u00e8ne-Auguste Ysa\u00ffe (French: [\u00f8\u0292\u025bn iza.i]; 16 July 1858 \u2013 12 May 1931) was a Belgian violinist, composer and conductor. He was regarded as \"The King of the Violin\", or, as Nathan Milstein put it, the \"tsar\".", "Q323452": "John Bernard Lee (10 January 1908 \u2013 16 January 1981), known as Bernard Lee, was an English actor, best known for his role as M in the first eleven Eon-produced James Bond films. Lee's film career spanned the years 1934 to 1979, though he had appeared on stage from the age of six. He was trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. Lee appeared in over one hundred films, as well as on stage and in television dramatisations. He was known for his roles as authority figures, often playing military characters or policemen in films such as The Third Man, The Blue Lamp, The Battle of the River Plate, and Whistle Down the Wind. He died of stomach cancer in 1981, aged 73.", "Q102430": "Sonia Seymour Mikich (born 13 July 1951 in Oxford) is a German TV journalist.", "Q955464": "In the pre-Reformation church, a parson is the priest of an independent parish church, that is, a parish church not under the control of a larger ecclesiastical or monastic organization. The term is similar to rector and is in contrast to a vicar, a cleric whose revenue is usually, at least partially, appropriated by a larger organization. Today the term is normally used for some parish clergy of non-Roman Catholic churches, in particular in the Anglican tradition in which a parson is the incumbent of a parochial benefice: a parish priest or a rector; in this sense a parson can be compared with a vicar. The title parson can be applied to clergy from certain other Protestant denominations. A parson is often housed in a church-owned home known as a parsonage.", "Q70048": "Vucherens is a municipality in the district Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q556296": "Colin Hiram Tudge (born 22 April 1943) is a British science writer and broadcaster. A biologist by training, he is the author of numerous works on food, agriculture, genetics, and species diversity.\nTudge was born and brought up in south London and attended Dulwich College, from where he won a scholarship to Peterhouse, Cambridge, studying zoology and English. In his career, he has worked for World Medicine, Farmers' Weekly and New Scientist, before becoming a freelance writer. In the 1980s he was a regular broadcaster for the BBC, including the BBC Radio 4 science series Spectrum; he wrote and presented The Food Connection; he made one-off documentaries and guest appearances.He lives in Oxford with his second wife, Ruth West. He was married to Rosemary (n\u00e9e Shewan) and had three children, Amanda, Amy and Robin, the last being an author of political works.\nNational Life Stories conducted an oral history interview (C1672/12) with Colin Tudge in 2016 for its Science and Religion collection held by the British Library.", "Q1450384": "The Italian Radicals (Italian: Radicali Italiani, RI) is a liberal political party in Italy which describes itself as \"liberale, liberista [and] libertario\", where liberale refers to political liberalism, liberista denotes economic liberalism and libertario represents a form of cultural liberalism concerning moral issues.\nFrom 2001 to 2017, the party intended to be the Italian section of the Transnational Radical Party (TRP) as the continuation of the Radical Party founded in 1955 by the left-wing of the Italian Liberal Party and re-launched in the 1960s by Marco Pannella. As the Radical Party had become a transnational NGO working mainly at the UN-level which by statute could not participate in national elections, its Italian members organised themselves into the Pannella List between 1992 and 1999 and the Bonino List until 2001, when they established the RI. In 2017, the TRP broke with the RI.\nFounded on 14 July 2001 (with Daniele Capezzone as their first secretary), the RI are a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party. The party was previously a full member of the Liberal International. According to its constitution, the party \"as such and with its symbol does not take part in elections\".", "Q443857": "Parvati Shallow ( PARV-\u0259-tee; born September 21, 1982) is an American television personality and was the $1 million winner of the reality television series Survivor: Micronesia \u2014 Fans vs. Favorites. She had previously competed in Survivor: Cook Islands in which she placed sixth, and later was the runner-up in Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains. In 2020, she competed on the show's 40th season, Survivor: Winners at War.\nShe is widely considered by fans and critics to be one of the most skilled contestants ever to participate.From July 7, 2011 to October 14, 2011, Shallow starred in CBS's Around the World for Free. From 2013 to 2014, she was the host of Survivor Live on CBS.com, a weekly web-exclusive series where she interviews the voted off castaways from Survivor and chats with other special guests such as former players.", "Q78414": "Reinhard H\u00f6ppner (2 December 1948 \u2013 9 June 2014) was a German politician (SPD). and writer.In 1990, in the first (and last) free election in the assembly's history, he was elected a member of the East German People's Chamber (Volkskammer), becoming the assembly's vice president.He became the 4th Minister President of Saxony-Anhalt in July 1994 when, his SPD (party) having failed to secure an outright majority, entered into a minority governing coalition with the Green party. This was controversial at the time because most had expected that the SPD, if denied an overall majority, would govern in coalition with the PDS, successor to the old East German ruling party: together the SPD and PDS would have had an overall majority. The so-called Magdeburg model for a minority SPD/Green coalition that excluded the PDS but nevertheless was tolerated (not voted down) by them was subsequently followed in other regional assemblies. H\u00f6ppner remained in office until 16 May 2002, when he was succeeded by Wolfgang B\u00f6hmer.", "Q14683182": "Los Angeles High School is the oldest public high school in the Southern California Region and in the Los Angeles Unified School District. Its colors are royal blue and white and the teams are called the Romans.\nLos Angeles High School is a public secondary high school, enrolling an estimated 2,000 students in grades 9\u201312. After operating on a year-round basis consisting of three tracks for ten years, it was restored to a traditional calendar in 2010. Los Angeles High School receives accreditation approval from the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC). Concurrent enrollment programs, provided in large by the Los Angeles Unified School District and the Los Angeles Community College District, are offered with West Los Angeles College, Los Angeles Trade Technical College, Los Angeles City College, or Santa Monica College.\nLos Angeles High School is a large, urban, inner-city school located in the Mid-Wilshire District of Los Angeles. The attendance boundary consists of a contrasting spectrum of economic diversity ranging from affluent Hancock Park and Lafayette Square to the low-income, densely populated immigrant community of Koreatown. Within the school is a College Incentive Magnet Program. Forty-four percent of the student population is identified as LEP, or Limited English Proficient. Currently, 66% of the students are identified as eligible to receive supplemental instructional services and materials through the Federal Title I Program.\nThe magnet high school has a university preparatory secondary high school program and a \"school within a school.\" First established as a part of student integration services in the 1970s, the Los Angeles High School Math/Science/Technology magnet prepares students with an intensive, rigorous course load in order to better prepare them for university entrance. There are 317 students enrolled in the magnet program, grades 9-12.\nTypically, the senior class has approximately 50% of seniors entering into four-year universities and schools. The magnet senior class typically has 90% of its senior class entering into four-year colleges and universities.", "Q433368": "Mary Frances Crosby (born September 14, 1959) is an American actress. She played Kristin Shepard in the television series Dallas (1979\u20131981, 1991).", "Q1137842": "Moscow Governorate (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f; pre-reform Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0456\u044f), or the Government of Moscow, was an administrative division (a guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, which existed in 1708\u20131929.", "Q57391": "Tilman Valentin Schweiger (German pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u026alman \u02c8val\u0259nti\u02d0n \u02c8\u0283va\u026a\u0261\u0250]; born 19 December 1963) is a German actor, voice actor, film director, film producer, and film editor. He runs his own production company, Barefoot Films, in Berlin.", "Q817643": "Benjamin Patterson (May 29, 1934 \u2013 June 25, 2016) was an American musician, artist, and one of the founders of the Fluxus movement.", "Q335556": "Edmund John Philip Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley, FRS, FREng, FGS, FInstP, HonFRSC, HonFIMechE, HonFIChemE, CIMgt, FInstPet, FIMMM (born 20 February 1948) is a British businessman.\nHe is best known for his role as the chief executive of the energy company BP between 1995 and 2007. This period has been described as the company's \"golden period of expansion and diversification\" though an investigation of the fatal explosion at BP's Texas City, Texas, plant on 23 March 2005 that killed 15 workers and injured more than 170 others, resulted in fines and awards being given out for breaches in its health and safety regime.\nBrowne was lauded during this period, as he engineered a merger with rival Amoco, and gained access to Russian oil reserves with the creation of TNK-BP. Nicknamed by employees the \"Sun King\" for his management style, he was also praised for increasing BP's interest in renewable energy sources. He resigned from BP in May 2007 in controversial circumstances surrounding his personal life.\nHe is a former President of the Royal Academy of Engineering (2006 to July 2011). Since 2001, he has been a crossbench member of the House of Lords. Lord Browne is a former Partner of Riverstone, which is co-owner of Cuadrilla resources. He received his undergraduate education at the University of Cambridge and later attended Stanford University.", "Q163964": "Michel Baron (8 October 1653 \u2013 22 December 1729) was a French actor and playwright.\n\n", "Q211392": "Endre Ady (Hungarian: di\u00f3sadi Ady Andr\u00e1s Endre, archaic English: Andrew Ady, 22 November 1877 \u2013 27 January 1919) was a turn-of-the-century Hungarian poet and journalist. Regarded by many as the greatest Hungarian poet of the 20th century, he was noted for his steadfast belief in social progress and development and for his poetry's exploration of fundamental questions of the modern European experience: love, temporality, faith, individuality, and patriotism.", "Q334648": "Roxy Music were an English rock band that were formed in 1970 by Bryan Ferry\u2013who became the band's lead singer and main songwriter\u2013and bass guitarist Graham Simpson. Alongside Ferry, the other longtime members were Phil Manzanera (guitar), Andy Mackay (saxophone and oboe), and Paul Thompson (drums and percussion). Other members included Brian Eno (synthesizer and \"treatments\"), Eddie Jobson (synthesizer and violin), and John Gustafson (bass). Although the band took a break from group activities in 1976 and again in 1983, they reunited for a concert tour in 2001, and toured together intermittently over the course of the next few years. Ferry frequently enlisted members of Roxy Music as session musicians for his solo releases.\nRoxy Music became a successful act in Europe and Australia during the 1970s. This success began with their self-titled debut album, Roxy Music (1972). The band pioneered more musically sophisticated elements of glam rock while significantly influencing early English punk music, and provided a model for many new wave acts while innovating elements of electronic composition. The group also distinguished their visual and musical sophistication through a preoccupation with glamorous fashions. Ferry and co-founding member Eno have had influential solo careers. The latter became one of Britain's most significant record producers of the late 20th century. Rolling Stone Magazine ranked Roxy Music No. 98 on its \"The Immortals \u2013 100 The Greatest Artists of All Time\" list, though it dropped the group from its updated list in 2011.The band's final studio album was Avalon (1982), which became platinum-certified in the United States. In 2005 the band began recording a new studio album, which would have been their ninth, and would have been their first record since 1973 with Brian Eno, who wrote two songs for it and also played keyboards. However, Bryan Ferry eventually confirmed that material from these sessions would be released as a Ferry solo album, with Eno playing on \"a couple of tracks\", and that he did not think they will ever record as Roxy Music again. The album ultimately became Ferry's 2010 solo album Olympia, which featured contributions from Eno, Manzanera and Mackay (amongst many other session players.)\nRoxy Music played a series of 40th anniversary shows in 2011, but has since become inactive as a performing entity. In 2019, Roxy Music were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Q934930": "Gerard McSorley (Irish: Gear\u00f3id Mac Somhairle), (born 1 January 1950) is an Irish theatre, television and film actor.", "Q905535": "Dimitrije \"Mita\" Tucovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0422\u0443\u0446\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, Serbian pronunciation: [dim\u01d0trije t\u00fb\u02d0tso\u028bit\u0255]; 13 May 1881 \u2013 November 1914) was a Serbian theorist of the socialist movement, politician, writer and publisher. He was founder of the Serbian Social Democratic Party, with the writings, he participated in many newspapers and magazines: Radnicki novine, Zhivot, Borba, Radnicki list, Sloboda, Tergova\u010dki pomoci, Radnik, Die Neue Zeit, Vorw\u00e4rts, Gllas sloboda, Radnicki kalendari, Majski spisi.\nTucovi\u0107 devoted his entire life to fighting for workers' and human rights, gender equality, universal suffrage, social justice and civil liberties in the Kingdom of Serbia. Some of the ideas that he advocated as a pioneer, today are widely accepted values in contemporary Republic of Serbia.\n\n", "Q261675": "Peter Wishart (born 9 March 1962) is a Scottish National Party politician and rock / folk musician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Perth and North Perthshire since 2005. Wishart previously served as the MP for North Tayside from 2001 until the seat was abolished for the 2005 general election.\nWishart is currently the SNP Shadow Leader of the House in the House of Commons and the chair of the Scottish Affairs Select Committee. He has previously served as the SNP's Westminster Spokesperson for the Constitution and for Culture and Sport and Chief Whip. He is also a former keyboard player of the Scottish Celtic rock bands Runrig and Big Country.\nHe is the longest-serving Scottish National Party MP.\n\n", "Q20119": "Jean Rosemary Shrimpton (born 7 November 1942) is an English model and actress. She was an icon of Swinging London and is considered to be one of the world's first supermodels.\nShe appeared on numerous magazine covers including Vogue, Harper's Bazaar, Vanity Fair, Glamour, Elle, Ladies' Home Journal, Newsweek, and Time. In 2009, Harper's Bazaar named Shrimpton one of the 26 best models of all time, and in 2012, TIME named her one of the 100 most influential fashion icons of all time. She starred alongside Paul Jones in the film Privilege (1967).", "Q112145": "Valentin Inzko (born 22 May 1949) is an Austrian diplomat currently serving as the 7th High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, a role which he assumed on 26 March 2009. Between 2009 and 2011 he served also as the 4th European Union Special Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina. He is a member of the Slovene minority.", "Q333127": "John Wilkes (17 October 1725 \u2013 26 December 1797) was a British radical, journalist and politician. He was first elected a Member of Parliament in 1757. In the Middlesex election dispute, he fought for the right of his voters\u2014rather than the House of Commons\u2014to determine their representatives. In 1768, angry protests of his supporters were suppressed in the St George's Fields Massacre. In 1771, he was instrumental in obliging the government to concede the right of printers to publish verbatim accounts of parliamentary debates. In 1776, he introduced the first bill for parliamentary reform in the British Parliament.\nDuring the American War of Independence, he was a supporter of the American rebels, adding further to his popularity with American Whigs. In 1780, however, he commanded militia forces which helped put down the Gordon Riots, damaging his popularity with many radicals. This marked a turning point, leading him to embrace increasingly conservative policies which caused dissatisfaction among the progressive-radical low-to-middle income landowners. This was instrumental in the loss of his Middlesex parliamentary seat in the 1790 general election. At the age of 65, Wilkes retired from politics and took no part in the social reforms following the French Revolution, such as Catholic Emancipation in the 1790s. During his life, he earned a reputation as a libertine.\n\n", "Q432710": "Jenny Lynn Shimizu (born June 16, 1967) is an American model and actress from San Jose, California.", "Q4493277": "Diderik von Cappelen (21 June 1761 \u2013 3 April 1828) was a Norwegian wholesaler, merchant, shipowner, estate owner and politician in 1814. He is often referred to as Diderik von Cappelen but he spelt his name Didrich von Cappelen and is also referred to as Didrik von Cappelen.", "Q359498": "Robert Atkinson Westall (7 October 1929 \u2013 15 April 1993) was an English author and teacher best known for fiction aimed at children and young adults. In the latter case, some deal with complex, dark and adult themes. He has been called \"the dean of British war novelists\". His first book, The Machine Gunners, won the 1975 Carnegie Medal for the year's outstanding children's book by a British subject. It was named one of the top ten Medal-winning works for the 70th anniversary celebration in 2007. Westall also won a second Carnegie (no one has won three), a Smarties Prize, and the once-in-a-lifetime Guardian Prize.\n\n", "Q2463578": "T\u00e2nia Tom\u00e9 (born Tania Teresa Tom\u00e9 on November 11, 1981, in Maputo, Mozambique) is a public speaker, entrepreneur, author, life coach, economist, TV personality, poet and lyricist.", "Q639831": "Franz Halberg (July 5, 1919 \u2013 June 9, 2013 ) was a scientist and one of the founders of modern chronobiology. He first began his experiments in the 1940s and later founded the Chronobiology Laboratories at the University of Minnesota. Halberg published many papers also in the serials of the History Commission of International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). He also published in \"Wege zur Wissenschaft, Pathways to Science\". He was a member of many international bodies, he had five titles as Dr. honoris causa, and was a member of the Leibniz Soziet\u00e4t der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. In the 1950s, he introduced the word circadian, which derives from the Latin about (circa) a day (diem).\n\nFranz Halberg was nominated several times for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. In 1988, and again in 1989, upon invitation by Professor Bj\u00f6rn Nordenstr\u00f6m of the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, then a member of the Nobel committee, Germaine Cornelissen, close associate of Franz, nominated Franz for the prize, highlighting the different ingredients contributed by Franz in developing the discipline of chronobiology. Professor Bj\u00f6rn Nordenstr\u00f6m had come to the University of Minnesota to give a major lecture and accepted Franz's invitation to come and visit his laboratory. The invitation was extended upon Bj\u00f6rn's return to Sweden, at the Minneapolis airport where Franz and Germaine had accompanied him to continue discussions of work of mutual interest. After Nordenstr\u00f6m left the committee, Franz's dossier assembled by Germaine was handed over to Dr. Dora K. Hayes of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, who had a colleague eligible to make nominations.", "Q23410": "Orli Shoshan (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05dc\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d5\u05e9\u05df\u200e; born July 23, 1974) is an Israeli film actress best known for her performance as the Togruta Jedi Master Shaak Ti in the 1999\u20132005 Star Wars prequel trilogy. It is believed that Shaak Ti's expertise in melee combat is in homage to Orli Shoshan, a former member of the Israeli Defense Forces and a skilled hand-to-hand combat and melee weapons artist.", "Q888605": "Bobby Lee Trammell (January 31, 1934 \u2013 February 20, 2008) was an American rockabilly singer and politician.", "Q65445": "Dieter Zetsche (German pronunciation: [\u0329di\u02d0t\u0250 \u02c8ts\u025bt\u0283\u0259]; born on 5 May 1953 in Istanbul, Turkey) is a German engineer and business executive. He is the current chairman of TUI AG. He was the Chairman of the Board of Management of Daimler AG and head of Mercedes-Benz until 22 May 2019, a role he had held since 2006 in addition to being a member of the company's board since 1998.", "Q213585": "Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (German: [\u02c8k\u0281a\u028az\u0259]; 6 May 1781 \u2013 27 September 1832) was a German philosopher, born at Eisenberg, in Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. His philosophy, known as \"Krausism\", was very influential in Restoration Spain.", "Q1190425": "Junichi Masuda (\u5897\u7530 \u9806\u4e00, Masuda Jun'ichi, born January 12, 1968) is a Japanese video game composer, director, designer, producer, and programmer best known for his work in the Pok\u00e9mon franchise. He is a member of the Game Freak board of directors, and has been employed at the company since 1989 when he founded it along Satoshi Tajiri and Ken SugimoriWith the development of new Pok\u00e9mon games, Masuda took new roles in future projects. He began to produce and direct games, starting with Pok\u00e9mon Ruby and Sapphire, and became responsible for approving new character models. His style seeks to keep games accessible while still adding increasing levels of complexity. His work sticks to older mainstays of the series, including a focus on handheld game consoles and 2D graphics. His music draws inspiration from the work of modern celebrated composers like Dmitri Shostakovich, though he used the Super Mario series as a model of good video game composition.", "Q131944": "Jorge Aurelio Noguera Cotes (born 25 September 1963) is a Colombian lawyer, former Director of the Administrative Department of Security (DAS), the intelligence service agency of Colombia and a polemical convicted murderer who served during the direct orders of the president \u00c1lvaro Uribe V\u00e9lez. A Liberal party politician, he served as regional campaign manager in the Department of Magdalena for then-candidate \u00c1lvaro Uribe V\u00e9lez during the 2002 presidential elections. After Uribe's victory in the elections, Noguera was appointed Director of the DAS, serving from 2002 to 2005, after which time he was appointed Consul-General if Colombia in Milan in 2006.\nOn 14 September 2011, the Penal Chamber of the Supreme Court of Colombia found Noguera guilty and sentenced him to 25 years in prison for conspiracy to commit aggravated crime; conspiracy to commit murder; destruction, suppression, and concealment of public documents; and the illegal unauthorized disclosure of secret information and activities, all stemming from his time as Director of the DAS and his involvement in the paramilitary activities of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) by allowing the DAS to be infiltrated by the AUC.\n\n", "Q310926": "Cornelius \"Chevy\" Crane Chase (; born October 8, 1943) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and producer. Born into a prominent family, he had a variety of jobs before moving into comedy and started acting with National Lampoon. He became a key cast member in the first season of Saturday Night Live, where his recurring Weekend Update segment became a staple of the show. As both a performer and writer, he earned three Primetime Emmy Awards out of five nominations.Chase had his first leading film role in the comedy Foul Play (1978), earning two Golden Globe Award nominations. He is further known for his portrayals of Clark W. Griswold in five National Lampoon's Vacation films and Irwin \"Fletch\" Fletcher in Fletch (1985) and its sequel Fletch Lives (1989). Other prominent titles include Caddyshack (1980), Seems Like Old Times (1980), Spies Like Us (1985), Three Amigos (1986), Orange County (2002), and Hot Tub Time Machine (2010). He has hosted the Academy Awards twice (1987 and 1988) and briefly had his own late-night talk show, The Chevy Chase Show (1993). He played the character Pierce Hawthorne on the NBC comedy series Community from 2009 to 2014.\n\n", "Q101887": "Gustav August Rudolph Crasemann (born 14 August 1841 in Hamburg, died 24 November 1929 in Blankenese) was a Hamburg businessman and parliamentarian.", "Q611165": "Eug\u00eania \u00c1lvaro Moreyra (n\u00e9e Eug\u00eania Brand\u00e3o; March 6, 1898, Juiz de Fora - June 16, 1948, Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian journalist, actress and theater director, who became president of the professional theater union. A feminist pioneer, she was a leader of the suffrage campaign in Brazil. She was also linked to the Brazilian modernist movement and was a staunch defender of Communist ideals. She was married to the poet and writer \u00c1lvaro Moreyra, who played a major role in the renewal of the Brazilian theater, organizing cultural popularization campaigns and working as an actress, director, translator, declaimer and later president of the union of theater professionals.\n\n", "Q182230": "Vasile Tarlev (born October 6, 1963) is a Moldovan politician.", "Q273271": "Dorris Estelle Bowdon (December 27, 1914 \u2013 August 9, 2005) was an American actress, best known for her role as Rosasharn in the film adaptation of John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath, starring Henry Fonda.", "Q203782": "Li Shangyin (c. 813\u2013858), courtesy name Yishan (\u7fa9\u5c71), was a Chinese poet and politician of the late Tang Dynasty, born in Henei (now Qinyang, Henan). Along with Li He, he was much admired and \"rediscovered\" in the 20th century by young Chinese writers for the imagist quality of his poems. He is particularly famous for his tantalizing \"no title\" (\u7121\u984c) poems.", "Q75642": "Not to be confused with Johannes Sturm (1507-1589), German-French educatorJohann Christoph Sturm (3 November 1635 \u2013 26 December 1703) was a German philosopher.\nSturm is the author of Physica Electiva (1697), a book that criticized Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and prompted him to publish a rebuke. Sturm's critique was aimed at Leibniz's view that Nature and/or its constituent parts possess some creative force of their own. This criticism was partly theological, in that Sturm claimed Leibniz's view of Nature undermined the sovereignty of the Christian God.", "Q109217": "Dr. Walter Klaus K\u00f6bel (born 20 March 1918 in Darmstadt, Germany) was a German politician.\nDr. K\u00f6bel was first elected as Mayor of R\u00fcsselsheim in 1954 at the age of 36. In October 1963 he entered Hessian State Parliament, as a member of the SPD, and held these positions until his sudden death on the 10 September 1965. \nFollowing his death, a newly built sports hall in R\u00fcsselsheim, was named in his honour as the Walter-K\u00f6bel-Halle. But it was renamed on March 14, 2013, when due to an historical inquiry, his former involvement in national socialist ideology became generally known.\n\n", "Q64997": "Eriz is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q166808": "Count Corfits Ulfeldt (10 July 1606 \u2013 20 February 1664), Danish statesman, was the son of the chancellor Jacob Ulfeldt. After a careful education abroad, concluding with one year under Cesare Cremonini at Padua, he returned to Denmark in 1629 and quickly won the favor of King Christian IV. In 1634 he was made a Knight of the Order of the Elephant, in 1636 became Councillor of State, in 1637 Governor of Copenhagen, and in 1643 Steward of the Realm. He is commonly known and recognized as the most notorious traitor in Danish history.", "Q805253": "A ballet master (also balletmaster, ballet mistress [increasingly archaic], premier ma\u00eetre de ballet or premier ma\u00eetre de ballet en chef) is an employee of a ballet company who is responsible for the level of competence of the dancers in their company. In modern times, ballet masters are generally charged with teaching the daily company ballet class and rehearsing the dancers for both new and established ballets in the company's repertoire. The artistic director of a ballet company, whether a male or female, may also be called its ballet master. Historic use of gender marking in job titles in ballet (and live theatre) is being supplanted by gender-neutral language job titles regardless of an employee's gender (e.g. ballet master in lieu of ballet mistress, wig master as an alternative to wig mistress).", "Q3443595": "Johan Henrich (or Henrik) Paasche Thorne (18 August 1843 \u2013 18 May 1920) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party. He served as mayor of Moss as well as five terms in the Norwegian Parliament, and was Minister of the Interior from 1889 to 1890 and 1893 to 1894.\nHe was born in Drammen as the son of Johan Frederik Thorne and Gurina Johanna Paasche. After graduating from secondary school (\"Latin school\"), he spent a few years at sea, and also learned the skills of a merchant. He settled in Sarpsborg in 1864, working as a timber trader and ship-owner, and relocated to Moss in 1869. Here, he became a co-owner of the company M. Peterson & S\u00f8n. M. Peterson & S\u00f8n was a family business, but Johan's younger sister Sara had married its owner, Theodor Peterson. Peterson, Thorne and Georg Reinholdt Wankel had bought Moss Iron Works together in 1875. In 1878 Thorne and Wankel exchanged the shares in the iron works with M. Peterson & S\u00f8n's fleet, which Peterson discontinued. Thorne was also the director of the local savings bank from 1875 to 1886, and served as mayor of Moss municipality from 1880 to 1889.He was also elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1883, representing the constituency of Moss og Dr\u00f8bak. He was re-elected in 1886 and 1889. On 13 July 1889, when the first cabinet Stang assumed office, he was appointed as Minister of the Interior. He stayed in this position until 1 July 1890, when he was dispatched as a member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm. He lost this job on 5 March 1891, when the first cabinet Stang fell. Later, when the second cabinet Stang assumed office on 2 May 1893, Thorne made a comeback as Minister of the Interior. He left on 2 March 1894, having fallen out with Prime Minister Emil Stang. In 1895 he was elected to serve a fourth term in the Norwegian Parliament. He now represented the constituency Smaalenenes Amt, having moved from Moss to Rygge in 1890 to settle at Evje manor. In 1895 he also served as a member of the Union Committee. He was not re-elected in 1897, but returned in 1904 to serve one final term. During this term, he was a President of the Storting together with Carl Berner. Thorne marked himself as a supporter of the sitting second cabinet Hagerup, and their policy to negotiate with Sweden in matters regarding the Union. In 1905, it became clear that this policy had failed, and the second cabinet Hagerup resigned as part of the build-up for the dissolution of the union.\nThorne was also praeces in the Royal Norwegian Society for Development from 1896. He was proclaimed a Commander, First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1893, and was also decorated as a Commander of the Swedish Order of the Polar Star.", "Q327146": "Thomas Stewart (August 29, 1928 \u2013 September 24, 2006) was an American bass-baritone who sang an unusually wide range of roles, earning global acclaim particularly for his performances in Wagner's operas.\nThomas James Stewart was born in San Saba, Texas. He graduated from Baylor University in 1953 and then went to the Juilliard School, where he studied with Mack Harrell. He made his debut in 1954 as La Roche in the American premiere of Richard Strauss's Capriccio, and went on to sing with the New York City Opera and Lyric Opera of Chicago.\nHe married soprano Evelyn Lear in 1955, and the following year the couple participated in a studio recording of Kurt Weill's Johnny Johnson, first produced in 1936. In May 1957 he created the role of Dioneo in the world premiere of Carlos Ch\u00e1vez's The Visitors. Later that year he and his wife traveled to Berlin on Fulbright Scholarships. In 1958 he made his major-role debut as Escamillo in Bizet's Carmen with the St\u00e4dtische Opera, now the Deutsche Oper Berlin. He created the role of Jupiter in Giselher Klebe's 1961 opera Alkmene and remained on the Berlin company's roster until 1964. He debuted at the Royal Opera House in 1960, again as Escamillo, and sang frequently at Covent Garden until 1978, with roles including Golaud in Pell\u00e9as et M\u00e9lisande, Gunther in G\u00f6tterd\u00e4mmerung, and the title roles in Don Giovanni and The Flying Dutchman.\nA regular at the Bayreuth Festival for 13 years (1960\u201372), Stewart sang most of Wagner's heroic baritone roles, including Wotan/Wanderer and Gunther in the Ring Cycle, the Dutchman, Wolfram in Tannh\u00e4user, and Amfortas in Parsifal. He sang the latter role for 13 consecutive Bayreuth seasons.\nIn 1967 Herbert von Karajan launched the Salzburg Easter Festival with a new staging of the Ring Cycle, casting Stewart as Wotan/Wanderer and Gunther during the festival\u2019s first four seasons, and again as Wotan in a later revival of Das Rheingold. Karajan recorded the entire cycle with the Texas baritone, and Time Magazine acclaimed him \"the Wotan of his generation.\"\nStewart made his Metropolitan Opera debut as Ford in Verdi's Falstaff in 1966. Over the next decade he figured in many stage and broadcast performances as the Met's leading Wagner baritone (Wotan/Wanderer, Hans Sachs in Die Meistersinger, Kurwenal in Tristan und Isolde, Amfortas, Wolfram, the Dutchman, Gunther). He also sang a variety of other roles: Golaud, Jochanaan in Salome, Orest in Elektra, Iago in Verdi's Otello, Balstrode in Peter Grimes, the four villains in Contes d'Hoffmann, as well as Mozart's Almaviva and Don Giovanni. He returned to that house annually until 1976, then less regularly but still frequently thereafter; the Met database lists his last season with the house as 1993\u201394.\nWith the San Francisco Opera he sang the title role in the American premiere of Aribert Reimann's Lear (1981). At the same house he also sang several French and Italian roles (Golaud, Valentin in Faust, Posa in Don Carlos, both Ford and the title role in Falstaff), as well as major Wagnerian roles (Wotan/Wanderer, Gunther, Wolfram, Kurwenal, Amfortas). He received a medal from that company in 1985 for his 25 years of distinguished performance.\nIn his prime years Stewart also returned to Lyric Opera of Chicago to sing the Dutchman and Hans Sachs, as well as Orest, Ford, and Mozart's Almaviva. At other houses worldwide, his better-known roles also included Scarpia in Tosca, Renato in Un ballo in maschera, di Luna in Il trovatore, Amonasro in Aida, and the title roles in Rigoletto and Eugene Onegin.\nIn later years, he and his wife ran the Evelyn Lear and Thomas Stewart Emerging Singers Program of the Wagner Society of Washington, D.C.\nThomas Stewart died of a heart attack while playing golf near his home in Rockville, Maryland, aged 78. He was survived by his two children and his wife, who died in 2012.", "Q3372261": "Paul Mathias Tellier, (born 1939) is a Canadian businessman and former public servant and lawyer.\n\n", "Q119004": "Piero Carini (March 6, 1921 \u2013 May 30, 1957) was a racing driver from Italy. He was born in Genoa and died in Saint-\u00c9tienne, France.", "Q888611": "Joseph Forney Johnston (March 23, 1843 \u2013 August 8, 1913) was an American Democratic politician and businessman who was the 30th Governor of Alabama from 1896 to 1900. He later served in the U.S. Senate from August 6, 1907 to his death on August 8, 1913. During his time as a senator, he served as a chairman of the Committee to Establish a University of the United States.", "Q23404": "Anthropology is the scientific study of humans, human behavior and societies in the past and present. Social anthropology studies patterns of behaviour and cultural anthropology studies cultural meaning, including norms and values. Linguistic anthropology studies how language influences social life. Biological or physical anthropology studies the biological development of humans.\nArchaeology, which studies human activity through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States and Canada, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right or grouped under other related disciplines, such as history.", "Q911554": "A business magnate is someone who has achieved great success and enormous wealth through the ownership of a multiple line of businesses. Successful entrepreneurs are examples of business magnates who wield great influence, importance, or standing in a particular enterprise or field of business. The term characteristically refers to a wealthy entrepreneur or investor who controls, through personal business ownership or dominant shareholding position, a firm or industry whose goods or services are widely consumed. Such individuals may also be called czars, industrialists, moguls, proprietors, tycoons, taipans, barons, or oligarchs.", "Q983036": "Waz\u012br Akbar Kh\u0101n (1816\u20131845; Pashto: \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u200e), born Mohammad Akbar Kh\u0101n (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646) and also known as Am\u012br Akbar Kh\u0101n (\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646), was an Afghan prince, general, and finally emir for about three years until his death. His fame began with the 1837 Battle of Jamrud, while attempting to regain Afghanistan's second capital Peshawar from the Sikh Empire.Wazir Akbar Khan was militarily active in the First Anglo-Afghan War, which lasted from 1839 to 1842. He is prominent for his leadership of the national party in Kabul from 1841 to 1842, and his massacre of Elphinstone's army at the Gandamak pass before the only survivor, the assistant surgeon William Brydon, reached the besieged garrison at Jalalabad on 13 January 1842. Wazir Akbar Khan became the emir of Afghanistan in May 1842, and ruled until his death in 1845.", "Q34178": "Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the supernatural, but also deals with religious epistemology, asks and seeks to answer the question of revelation. Revelation pertains to the acceptance of God, gods, or deities, as not only transcendent or above the natural world, but also willing and able to interact with the natural world and, in particular, to reveal themselves to humankind. While theology has turned into a secular field, religious adherents still consider theology to be a discipline that helps them live and understand concepts such as life and love and that helps them lead lives of obedience to the deities they follow or worship.", "Q3261209": "Louis Becquey (24 September 1760 \u2013 2 May 1849) was a French counter-revolutionary. He was born in Vitry-le-Fran\u00e7ois, Marne, France.", "Q562641": "Nelson Ackerman Eddy (June 29, 1901 \u2013 March 6, 1967) was an American singer, baritone and actor who appeared in 19 musical films during the 1930s and 1940s, as well as in opera and on the concert stage, radio, television, and in nightclubs. A classically trained baritone, he is best remembered for the eight films in which he costarred with soprano Jeanette MacDonald. He was one of the first \"crossover\" stars, a superstar appealing both to shrieking bobby soxers and opera purists, and in his heyday, he was the highest paid singer in the world.During his 40-year career, he earned three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (one each for film, recording, and radio), left his footprints in the wet concrete at Grauman's Chinese Theater, earned three gold records, and was invited to sing at the third inauguration of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941. He also introduced millions of young Americans to classical music and inspired many of them to pursue a musical career.", "Q263076": "Robin Caspar Walker (born 12 April 1978) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State serving jointly between the Scotland Office and the Northern Ireland Office in the UK Government since his appointment by Prime Minister Boris Johnson on 26 July 2019.\nSince 2010 he has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Worcester. His father was Lord Walker of Worcester, who was the MP for Worcester from 1961 to 1992.\nHe identifies as a One-Nation Conservative.", "Q310932": "Raymond Andrew Winstone (; born 19 February 1957) is an English film and television actor. He is mostly known for his \"hard man\" roles beginning with his role as Carlin in the 1979 film Scum. He also played Kevin, an ex-army soldier, in Quadrophenia as well as Will Scarlet in the television series Robin of Sherwood. He has also become well known as a voice over actor, and has branched out into film production.\nHis career includes roles in the films Sexy Beast (2000), Cold Mountain (2003), King Arthur (2004), The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, The Magic Roundabout (both 2005), The Departed (2006), Beowulf (2007), Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008), Edge of Darkness (2010), The Sweeney (2012) and Noah (2014).", "Q108109": "Anton Memminger (1846\u20131923) was a German author, publisher and politician. In his Swiss period he used the alias \"Oswald Stein\".", "Q156713": "Zhytomyr (Ukrainian: \u0416\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440, romanized: \u017dyt\u00f3myr [\u0292\u026a\u02c8t\u0254m\u026ar]; Russian: \u0416\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440, romanized: \u017dit\u00f3mir [\u0290\u0268\u02c8tom\u02b2\u026ar]; Polish: \u017bytomierz; Yiddish: \u05d6\u05e9\u05d9\u05d8\u05d0\u05b8\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u200e, romanized: \u017ditomir) is a city in the north of the western half of Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Zhytomyr Oblast (province), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Zhytomyr Raion (district). The city of Zhytomyr is not a part of Zhytomyr Raion: the city itself is designated as its own separate raion within the oblast; moreover Zhytomyr consists of two so-called \"raions in a city\": Bohunskyi Raion and Koroliovskyi Raion (named in honour of Sergey Korolyov). Zhytomyr occupies an area of 65 square kilometres (25 square miles). Its population is 266,936.\nZhytomyr is a major transportation hub. The city lies on a historic route linking the city of Kiev with the west through Brest. Today it links Warsaw with Kiev, Minsk with Izmail, and several major cities of Ukraine. Zhytomyr was also the location of Ozerne airbase, a key Cold War strategic aircraft base 11 kilometres (6.8 miles) southeast of the city.\nImportant economic activities of Zhytomyr include lumber milling, food processing, granite quarrying, metalworking, and the manufacture of musical instruments.Zhytomyr Oblast is the main center of the Polish minority in Ukraine, and in the city itself there is a Latin Catholic cathedral and large Roman Catholic Polish cemetery, founded in 1800. It is regarded as the third biggest Polish cemetery outside Poland, after the Lychakivskiy Cemetery in Lviv and Rasos Cemetery in Vilnius.", "Q168825": "Jakub Wygodzki (1856\u20131941; Lithuanian: Jok\u016bbas Vygodskis, Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05d5\u05d9\u05d2\u05d5\u05d3\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9\u200e) was a Polish\u2013Lithuanian Jewish politician, Zionist activist and a medical doctor. He was one of the most prominent Jewish activists in Vilnius (Vilna, Wilno). Educated as a doctor in Russia and Western Europe, he established his gynecology and pediatric practice in 1884. In 1905, he was one of the founding members of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets) in Vilnius Region. In 1918, he was co-opted to the Council of Lithuania and briefly served as the first Lithuanian Minister for Jewish Affairs. After Vilnius was captured by Poland, Wygodzki was elected to the Polish parliament (Sejm) in 1922 and 1928. He died in the Luki\u0161k\u0117s Prison during the first months of the German occupation of Lithuania during World War II.\n\n", "Q86912": "Heinrich Christian Beck (19 February 1760 in Gotha \u2013 7 May 1803 in Mannheim) was a German actor and playwright.\nBeck began his theatrical career with August Iffland and Johann David Beil at the Hoftheater (Court Theater) in Gotha and, like most of the ensemble, went to the Mannheim National Theater after the Hoftheater was disbanded in 1779. The National Theater was then blossoming artistically under the leadership of Wolfgang Heribert von Dalberg.\nWhile there, Beck took part in the premieres of Schiller's first plays Die R\u00e4uber (as Kosinsky) and Fiesco (as Bourgognino).\nIn 1799 Prince-Elector Maximilian IV. Joseph von Bayern called him to Munich as a director. He returned to Mannheim in 1801 as theater director, dying there in 1803.\nBeck was known for his acting skill and his good voice and acted with the same finesse in tragedies and comedies as in musicals.\nAmong his own plays, the comedies Die Schachmaschine (Berlin 1798), Die Qu\u00e4lgeister (Frankfurt 1802) and Das Kam\u00e4leon (Frankfurt 1803) found the most acclaIm. His dramatic work appeared under the title \"Theater\" in three volumes in Frankfurt, beginning in 1802.\nBeck's first wife Karoline, n\u00e9e Ziegler (* 3 January 1766 in Mannheim), also a talented, promising actress, debuted in Mannheim in 1781 but died on 24 July 1784. Friedrich Schiller, who had envisioned her to portray his Luise in Kabale und Liebe, displayed a particular fondness for her.", "Q4171763": "James Alexander Dewar (February 5, 1897 \u2013 June 30, 1985) was the Canadian inventor of the Twinkie.", "Q92967": "Eric Paul Allman (born September 2, 1955) is an American computer programmer who developed sendmail and its precursor delivermail in the late 1970s and early 1980s at UC Berkeley. In 1998, Allman and Greg Olson co-founded the company Sendmail, Inc.", "Q57385": "Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (Spanish pronunciation: [te.o.\u02c8\u00f0o.\u027eo o.\u02c8\u03b2j\u00e3\u014b\u0261 \u02c8\u014b.\u0261e.ma m.\u02c8ba.so.go]; born 5 June 1942) is an Equatoguinean politician who has been President of Equatorial Guinea since 1979. He ousted his uncle, Francisco Mac\u00edas Nguema, in an August 1979 military coup and has overseen Equatorial Guinea's emergence as an important oil producer, beginning in the 1990s. Obiang was Chairperson of the African Union from 31 January 2011 to 29 January 2012. He is the second longest consecutively serving current non-royal national leader in the world.Obiang has been widely accused of corruption and abuse of power. In marked contrast to the trend toward democracy in most of Africa, Equatorial Guinea is currently a dominant-party state, in which Obiang's Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE) holds virtually all governing power in the nation. The constitution provides Obiang sweeping powers, including the right to rule by decree, effectively making his government a legal dictatorship.", "Q487801": "Barakaldo (Spanish: Baracaldo) is a municipality located in the Biscay province in the Basque Country. Located on the Left Bank of the Estuary of Bilbao, the city is part of Greater Bilbao with a population as of the 2019 census at 100,881;. Barakaldo has an industrial river-port heritage and has undergone significant redevelopment with new commercial and residential areas replacing the once active industrial zones.", "Q1438986": "William Delford Davis (July 24, 1934 \u2013 April 15, 2020) was an American professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). Davis played college football for the Grambling State Tigers before being drafted 181st in the 1956 NFL Draft. He spent 12 seasons in the NFL, playing for the Cleveland Browns and the Green Bay Packers.\nIn the NFL, Davis was a five-time champion, including winning the first two Super Bowls under Vince Lombardi. Individually, Davis was a six-time All-Pro, and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1981.", "Q434375": "Eileen Mary Theresa Daly (born 1 June 1963) is an English actress, presenter, director, film producer, writer, singer-songwriter and former adult model. \nShe is also a contemporary scream queen, having starred in numerous cult horror films and fronts her own band Eileen and Ben.", "Q186042": "John Kenneth Galbraith (October 15, 1908 \u2013 April 29, 2006), also known as Ken Galbraith, was a Canadian-American economist, public official and diplomat, and a leading proponent of 20th-century American liberalism. His books on economic topics were bestsellers from the 1950s through the 2000s, a time during which Galbraith fulfilled the role of public intellectual. As an economist, he leaned toward post-Keynesian economics from an institutionalist perspective.Galbraith was a long-time Harvard faculty member and stayed with Harvard University for half a century as a professor of economics. He was a prolific author and wrote four dozen books, including several novels, and published more than a thousand articles and essays on various subjects. Among his works was a trilogy on economics, American Capitalism (1952), The Affluent Society (1958), and The New Industrial State (1967). Some of his work has been criticized by economists Milton Friedman, Paul Krugman and Robert Solow.\nGalbraith was active in Democratic Party politics, serving in the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson. He served as United States Ambassador to India under the Kennedy administration. His political activism, literary output and outspokenness brought him wide fame during his lifetime. Galbraith was one of the few to receive both the World War II Medal of Freedom (1946) and the Presidential Medal of Freedom (2000) for his public service and contributions to science. The government of France made him a Commandeur de la L\u00e9gion d'honneur.", "Q2004700": "Pierre-Fid\u00e8le Bretonneau (3 April 1778 \u2013 18 February 1862) was a French medical doctor.", "Q295086": "Saint Gontrand (c. AD 532 in Soissons \u2013 28 March AD 592 in Chalon-sur-Sa\u00f4ne), also called Gontran, Gontram, Guntram, Gunthram, Gunthchramn, and Guntramnus, was the king of the Kingdom of Orleans from AD 561 to AD 592. He was the third eldest and second eldest surviving son of Chlothar I and Ingunda. On his father's death in 561, he became king of a fourth of the Kingdom of the Franks, and made his capital at Orl\u00e9ans. The name \"Gontrand\" denotes \" War Raven\".", "Q40821": "Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.\nThe act of performing surgery may be called a surgical procedure, operation, or simply \"surgery\". In this context, the verb \"operate\" means to perform surgery. The adjective surgical means pertaining to surgery; e.g. surgical instruments or surgical nurse. The person or subject on which the surgery is performed can be a person or an animal. A surgeon is a person who practices surgery and a surgeon's assistant is a person who practices surgical assistance. A surgical team is made up of surgeon, surgeon's assistant, anaesthetist, circulating nurse and surgical technologist. Surgery usually spans minutes to hours, but it is typically not an ongoing or periodic type of treatment. The term \"surgery\" can also refer to the place where surgery is performed, or, in British English, simply the office of a physician, dentist, or veterinarian.", "Q4831539": "Ayo Ogunsheye is a Nigerian academic, nationalism scholar and former head of the extra murals department of University of Ibadan. In 1970, he was one of the major high-profile executive personnel brought into indigenous private enterprise which were historically family dominated at the executive level. After the death of Henry Fajemirokun in 1979, he became the Chief Executive officer of Henry Stephens Nigeria Limited.\n\n", "Q210098": "Rapallo (US: r\u0259-PAH-loh, Italian: [ra\u02c8pallo], Ligurian: [\u027ea\u02c8pal\u02d1u]) is a municipality in the Metropolitan City of Genoa, located in the Liguria region of northern Italy.\nAs of 2017 it counted 29,778 inhabitants. It lies on the Ligurian Sea coast, on the Tigullio Gulf, between Portofino and Chiavari, 25 kilometers east-south east of Genoa itself.\nThe climate is moderate. Many of the villas are built in the hills that rise immediately behind the city, protecting them from strong northern winds.\nThe Parco Naturale Regionale di Portofino, encompassing the territory of six Ligurian communes, includes the Rapallo area.", "Q2351791": "This is a complete list of the 164 shorts in the Tom and Jerry series produced, directed, and released between 1940 and 2014. Of these, 162 are theatrical shorts, one is a made-for-TV short, and one is a 2-minute sketch shown as part of a telethon.", "Q454481": "Katie Victoria \"Kate\" Magowan (born 1 June 1975) is an English actress. She has been in film, theatre, television and radio productions. Her best known role is Princess Una in the 2007 feature film Stardust. She is married to actor John Simm.", "Q79078": "Wilhelm Johann Eugen Blaschke (13 September 1885 \u2013 17 March 1962) was an Austrian mathematician working in the fields of differential and Integral geometry. He was also a Nazi.\n\n", "Q154104": "Samuel Shafiishuna Daniel Nujoma, (; born 12 May 1929) is a Namibian revolutionary, anti-apartheid activist and politician who served three terms as the first President of Namibia, from 1990 to 2005. Nujoma was a founding member and the first president of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) in 1960. Prior to 1960, SWAPO was known as the Ovambo People's Organisation (OPO). He played an important role as leader of the national liberation movement in campaigning for Namibia's political independence from South African rule. He established the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) in 1962 and launched a guerrilla war against the apartheid government of South Africa in August 1966 at Omungulugwombashe, beginning after the United Nations withdrew the mandate for South Africa to govern the territory. Nujoma led SWAPO during the lengthy Namibian War of Independence, which lasted from 1966 to 1989.\nDuring World War I, South Africa defeated the German colonial forces in South West Africa and established martial law in the colony after making a peace treaty in July 1915. After the war, the League of Nations officially assigned the former German colony to the United Kingdom as a mandate under the administration of South Africa. When the National Party won the 1948 election in South Africa, it passed laws establishing racial segregation known as apartheid. It applied these laws to South West Africa as well, which it governed as the de facto fifth province of South Africa. Apartheid created strict racial classifications and reduced the rights of natives, in particular.\nNujoma became involved in anti-colonial politics during the 1950s. In 1959, he cofounded and served as the first president of the Ovamboland People's Organization (OPO), a nationalist organization advocating an independent Namibia. In December 1958 he was an organizer of the Old Location resistance and was arrested and deported to Ovamboland. In 1960 he escaped and went into exile in Tanzania where he was welcomed by Julius Nyerere.\nNamibia finally achieved independence in 1990, holding its first democratic elections. SWAPO won a majority and Nujoma was elected as the country's first President on 21 March 1990. He was re-elected for two more terms in 1994 and 1999. Nujoma retired as SWAPO party president on 30 November 2007.\nHe published his autobiography Where Others Wavered in 2005. He has received multiple honors and awards for his leadership, including the Lenin Peace Prize, Indira Gandhi Peace Prize, and the Ho Chi Minh Peace Prize. The Parliament of Namibia honored him with the titles \"Founding President of the Republic of Namibia\" and \"Father of the Namibian Nation\". In 2007 SWAPO named him as \"Leader of the Namibian Revolution.\"", "Q1660599": "Around the World in 80 Days is a 1989 three-part television Eastmancolor miniseries originally broadcast on NBC. The production garnered three nominations for Emmy awards that year. The teleplay by John Gay is based on the Jules Verne novel of the same title.", "Q536210": "Angelo Motta (8 September 1890 \u2013 26 December 1957) was an Italian entrepreneur, founder of the food company Motta. He is associated with the commercial production of the sweet yeast bread panettone.\nMotta later served as a finance minister in the cabinets of Alcide De Gasperi during the 1950s.", "Q539645": "Leutkirch im Allg\u00e4u is a former Free Imperial City located in south-eastern Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is part of the district of Ravensburg, in the western Allg\u00e4u region and belongs to the administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) of T\u00fcbingen.\nSince the municipal reform of 1972, the consolidated Leutkirch urban area comprises the town of Leutkirch im Allg\u00e4u itself and the former municipalities of Diepoldshofen, Friesenhofen, Gebrazhofen, Herlazhofen, Hofs, Reichenhofen, Winterstetten and Wuchzenhofen.", "Q28237": "Lansing is the capital of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is mostly in Ingham County, although portions of the city extend west into Eaton County and north into Clinton County. The 2010 Census placed the city's population at 114,297, making it the fifth largest city in Michigan. The population of its Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) was 464,036, while the even larger Combined Statistical Area (CSA) population, which includes Shiawassee County, was 534,684. It was named the new state capital of Michigan in 1847, ten years after Michigan became a state.\nThe Lansing metropolitan area, colloquially referred to as \"Mid-Michigan\", is an important center for educational, cultural, governmental, commercial, and industrial functions. Neighboring East Lansing is home to Michigan State University, a public research university with an enrollment of more than 50,000. The area features two medical schools, one veterinary school, two nursing schools, and two law schools. It is the site of the Michigan State Capitol, the state Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, a federal court, the Library of Michigan and Historical Center, and headquarters of four national insurance companies.\nLansing is the only U.S. state capital (among the 47 located in counties) that is not also a county seat. The seat of government of Ingham County is Mason, but the county maintains some offices in Lansing.", "Q154662": "Ioanna \"Nana\" Mouskouri (Greek: \u0399\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1 \"\u039d\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\" \u039c\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7 [io\u02c8ana \u02c8musxuri]; born October 13, 1934) is a Greek singer. Having released during the span of her music career over 200 albums and singles in at least twelve different languages, including Greek, French, English, German, Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Hebrew, Welsh, Mandarin Chinese and Corsican.Mouskouri became well-known throughout Europe for the song \"The White Rose of Athens\", recorded first in German as \"Wei\u00dfe Rosen aus Athen\" as an adaptation of her Greek song \"\u03a3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2\" (San sfyr\u00edxeis tris for\u00e9s, \"When you whistle three times\"). It became her first record to sell over one million copies.Later in 1963, she represented Luxembourg at the Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"\u00c0 force de prier\". Her friendship with the composer Michel Legrand led to the recording by Mouskouri of the theme song of the Oscar-nominated film The Umbrellas of Cherbourg. From 1968 to 1976, she hosted her own TV show produced by BBC, Presenting Nana Mouskouri. Her popularity as a multilingual television personality and distinctive image, owing to the then unusual signature black-rimmed glasses, turned Mouskouri into an international star.\n\"Je chante avec toi Libert\u00e9\", recorded in 1981, is perhaps her biggest hit to date, performed in at least five languages \u2013 French, English as \"Song for Liberty\", German as \"Lied der Freiheit\", Spanish as \"Libertad\" and Portuguese as \"Liberdade\". \"Only Love\", a song recorded in 1985 as the theme song of tv-series Mistral's Daughter, gained worldwide popularity along with its other versions in French (as \"L'Amour en H\u00e9ritage\"), Italian (as \"Come un'eredit\u00e0\"), Spanish (as \"La dicha del amor\"), and German (as \"Aber die Liebe bleibt\"). It became her only UK hit single when it reached number two in February 1986.Mouskouri became a spokesperson for UNICEF in 1993 and was elected to the European Parliament as a Greek deputy from 1994 to 1999.In 2015 she was awarded the Echo Music Prize for Outstanding achievements by the German music association Deutsche Phono-Akademie.", "Q41281": "Martik Qarah Khanian (Persian: \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0631\u0647\u200c\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200e; born 17 July 1949), known mononymously as Martik, is an Iranian singer and songwriter.", "Q71342": "Theodor von Gu\u00e9rard (29 December 1863 \u2013 21 July 1943) was a German jurist and politician of the Catholic Centre Party (known as Zentrum). Zentrum. He served as Minister of Justice and Minister of Transport of the Weimar Republic in the late 1920s and early 1930s.", "Q893231": "Wilson Anthony \"Boozoo\" Chavis (pronounced CHAY-viss) (October 23, 1930 \u2013 May 5, 2001) was an American accordion player, singer, songwriter and bandleader. He was one of the pioneers of zydeco, the fusion of Cajun and blues music developed in southwest Louisiana.", "Q5372851": "Emma Y. Hwang (born Yu-liang Hwang on July 21, 1970) is a scientist with Wyle Laboratories. She served as an aquanaut on the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations 5 (NEEMO 5) crew in June 2003.\n\n", "Q851164": "Corvinus University of Budapest (Hungarian: Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem) is a university in Budapest, Hungary. Corvinus University of Budapest is a research university oriented towards education. The university currently has an enrollment of approximately 14,500 students, offering educational programmes in business administration, economics, and social sciences.\nCorvinus University accepts students at six faculties and offer courses leading to degrees at the bachelor, master and doctoral level in specialisations taught in Hungarian, English, French or German.\nThe University was listed in the top 50 in the Financial Times European Masters in Management rankings, and was the first Hungarian university mentioned among the best in the area of agriculture.\nMinisters of finance, chairmen of the National Bank of Hungary and prime ministers studied at Corvinus.", "Q434413": "Lila Lee (born Augusta Wilhelmena Fredericka Appel; July 25, 1905 \u2013 November 13, 1973) was a prominent screen actress, primarily a leading lady, of the silent film and early sound film eras.", "Q231730": "Suzana Drobnjakovi\u0107 (born May 17, 1973), known by her stage name Sasha Alexander, is an American actress. She played Gretchen Witter on Dawson's Creek and has acted in films including Yes Man (2008) and He's Just Not That Into You (2009). Alexander played Caitlin Todd for the first two seasons of NCIS. From July 2010 through September 2016, Alexander starred as Maura Isles in the TNT series Rizzoli & Isles.", "Q924289": "King's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Formally The King's College of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas in Cambridge, the college lies beside the River Cam and faces out onto King's Parade in the centre of the city.\nKing's was founded in 1441 by Henry VI, soon after he had founded its sister college in Eton. However, the King's plans for the college were disrupted by the Wars of the Roses and the resultant scarcity of funds, and by his eventual deposition. Little progress was made on the project until in 1508 Henry VII began to take an interest in the college, most likely as a political move to legitimise his new position. The building of the college's chapel, begun in 1446, was finally finished in 1544 during the reign of Henry VIII.\nKing's College Chapel is regarded as one of the greatest examples of late Gothic English architecture. It has the world's largest fan vault, and the chapel's stained-glass windows and wooden chancel screen are considered some of the finest from their era. The building is seen as emblematic of Cambridge. The chapel's choir, composed of male students at King's and choristers from the nearby King's College School, is one of the most accomplished and renowned in the world. Every year on Christmas Eve the Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols (a service originally devised for Truro Cathedral by the college dean Eric Milner-White) is broadcast from the chapel to millions of listeners worldwide.", "Q114246": "Farahnaz \"Farah\" Karimi (Persian: \u0641\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u0631\u064a\u0645\u06cc\u200e; born 15 November 1960) is an Iranian-Dutch politician. She was member of the House of Representatives between 1998 and 2006 for GreenLeft.", "Q164979": "Carl Spitzweg (February 5, 1808 \u2013 September 23, 1885) was a German romanticist painter, especially of genre subjects. He is considered to be one of the most important artists of the Biedermeier era.", "Q77733": "Max von der Gr\u00fcn (25 May 1926 \u2013 7 April 2005) was a German novelist.\nMax von der Gr\u00fcn was born in Bayreuth and grew up in Mitterteich. After a clerical apprenticeship, he became a paratrooper during World War II in 1944. He was captured by U.S. forces near Quimper (France) and became a prisoner of war, spending three years in prison camps in Scotland, Louisiana, Texas, and New Mexico.\nAfter his release, he worked as a bricklayer, and from 1951 to 1963 in the Zeche K\u00f6nigsborn mine near Unna. He started writing in 1955, initially poetry, later focusing on worker-class themes.\nHe was a founding member of the Dortmunder Gruppe 61, and a member of the International PEN.\nVon der Gr\u00fcn died in Dortmund.\n\n", "Q179096": "Carl Crack (born Karl B\u00f6hm, 5 May 1971 \u2013 6 September 2001) was a Swazi-born German techno artist best known for his membership in the digital hardcore band Atari Teenage Riot from 1992 to 2000.", "Q110020": "Elke Hoff (born 20 June 1957) is a German politician. She was a Free Democratic Party member of the Bundestag.\nAfter taking the Abitur in 1976, Hoff studied German, philosophy and political science at the University of Frankfurt for six semesters. She subsequently trained as a real estate management clerk in 1982. From 1985 to 1991, she worked as a public relations officer for industry federations in the construction and healthcare sectors. She served as a full-time district councillor in Neuwied from 1992 to 2000, and she was responsible for a range of economic and construction portfolios. She left that position to become the head of regional planning in Koblenz.\n\n", "Q72893": "Klaus L\u00f6witsch (8 April 1936 \u2013 3 December 2002) was a German actor, best known in Germany for his starring role in the television detective series Peter Strohm.\nHe appeared in several films directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder, beginning with Pioneers in Ingolstadt (1971) and notably including World on a Wire (1973) and The Marriage of Maria Braun (1979).\nHis English language films include Cross of Iron (1977), The Odessa File (1974), Firefox (1982) and Fassbinder's Despair (1978).\nHe was born in Berlin. He died in Munich from pancreatic cancer.", "Q234890": "Emmanuelle Seigner (born 22 June 1966) is a French actress, former fashion model, and singer. She is known for her roles in The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (2007), The Ninth Gate (1999) and Frantic (1988). She has been nominated for a C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress for Venus in Fur (2013), and for two C\u00e9sar Awards for Best Supporting Actress in Place Vend\u00f4me (1998) and La Vie En Rose (2007). She is married to Polish film director Roman Polanski.", "Q65337": "Friedrich August Wolf (German: [v\u0254lf]; 15 February 1759 \u2013 8 August 1824) was a German Classicist and is considered the founder of modern Philology.", "Q23362": "James Henry Scullin (18 September 1876 \u2013 28 January 1953) was an Australian Labor Party politician and the ninth Prime Minister of Australia. Scullin led Labor to government at the 1929 election. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 transpired just two days after his swearing in, which would herald the beginning of the Great Depression in Australia. Scullin's administration would soon be overwhelmed by the economic crisis, with interpersonal and policy disagreements causing a three-way split of his party that would bring down the government in late 1931. Despite his chaotic term of office, Scullin remained a leading figure in the Labor movement throughout his lifetime, and served as an \u00e9minence grise in various capacities for the party until his retirement in 1949.\nThe son of working-class Irish-immigrants, Scullin spent much of his early life as a laborer and grocer in Ballarat. An autodidact and passionate debater, Scullin would join the Australian Labor Party in 1903, beginning a career spanning five decades. He was a political organizer and newspaper editor for the party, and was elected to the House of Representatives first in 1910 and then again in 1922 until 1949. Scullin quickly established himself as a leading voice in parliament, rapidly rising to become deputy leader of the party in 1927 and then Leader of the Opposition in 1928.\nAfter Scullin had won a landslide election in 1929, events took a dramatic change with the crisis on Wall Street and the rapid onset of the Great Depression around the world, which hit heavily indebted Australia hard. Scullin and his Treasurer Ted Theodore responded by developing several plans during 1930 and 1931 to repay foreign debt, provide relief to farmers and create economic stimulus to curb unemployment based on deficit spending and expansionary monetary policy. Although the Keynesian Revolution would see these ideas adopted by most Western nations by the end of the decade, in 1931 such ideas were considered radical and the plans were bitterly opposed by many who feared hyperinflation and economic ruin. The still opposition-dominated Senate, and the conservative-dominated boards of the Commonwealth Bank and Loan Council, repeatedly blocked the plans.\nWith the prospect of bankruptcy facing the government, Scullin backed down and instead advanced the Premiers' Plan, a far more conservative measure that met the crisis with severe cutbacks in government spending. Pensioners and other core Labor constituencies were severely affected by the cuts, leading to a widespread revolt and multiple defections in parliament. After several months of infighting the government collapsed, and was resoundingly defeated by the newly formed United Australia Party at the subsequent 1931 election.\nScullin would remain party leader for four more years but the party split would not be healed until after Scullin's return to the backbenches in 1935. Scullin became a respected elder voice within the party and leading authority on taxation and government finance, and would eventually play a significant role in reforming both when Labor returned to government in 1941. Although disappointed with his own term of office, he nonetheless lived long enough to see many of his government's ideas implemented by subsequent governments before his death in 1953.", "Q853773": "Hinterland District is one of districts of the Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Switzerland.", "Q651233": "Osaka University (\u5927\u962a\u5927\u5b66, \u014csaka daigaku), or Handai (\u962a\u5927, Handai), is a public research university located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Osaka University is one of Japan's National Seven Universities and is generally considered one of Japan's most prestigious institutions of higher learning. It is usually ranked among the top three public universities in Japan, along with the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University. It is ranked third overall among Japanese universities and 71st worldwide in the 2020 QS World University Rankings.\nThe Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology has classified Osaka University as a leading university in the Top Global University Project. The ministry also selected Osaka University as a Designated National University Corporation in 2018.Osaka University was the sixth modern university in Japan at its founding in 1931. However, the history of the institution includes much older predecessors in Osaka such as the Kaitokud\u014d founded in 1724 and the Tekijuku founded in 1838.\nNumerous prominent scholars and scientists have attended or worked at Osaka University, such as Nobel Laureate in Physics Hideki Yukawa, manga artist Osamu Tezuka, Lasker Award winner Hidesabur\u014d Hanafusa, author Ry\u014dtar\u014d Shiba, and discoverer of regulatory T cells Shimon Sakaguchi.", "Q983750": "Paradise Valley is a small, affluent town in Maricopa County, Arizona. It is the wealthiest municipality in Arizona. The town is known for its luxury golf courses, shopping, real estate, and restaurant scene. According to the 2010 census, the population of the town was 12,820. Despite the town's relatively small area and population compared to other municipalities in the Phoenix metropolitan area, Paradise Valley is home to eight full-service resorts, making it one of Arizona's premier tourist destinations. It is also known for expensive real estate.It should not be confused with Paradise Valley Village, an official municipal designation, in northeast Phoenix. For instance, Paradise Valley Community College, Paradise Valley High School, Paradise Valley Hospital, Paradise Valley Mall, and Paradise Valley Golf Course are all located several miles to the north of the town, in Phoenix. The town's name along with all the other various entities bearing the same name comes from the expansive area known as Paradise Valley, that spreads from north of the Phoenix Mountains to Cave Creek and Carefree on the north and the McDowell Mountains to the east.\nResidents attend schools in the Scottsdale Unified School District.\nThe Paradise Valley Unified School District is one of the largest in the state, though like many other institutions with the name Paradise Valley, it refers to the Phoenix village, and not to the town.", "Q732964": "Jean Grave (French: [g\u0281av]; October 16, 1854, Le Breuil-sur-Couze \u2013 December 8, 1939, Vienne-en-Val) was an important activist in the French anarchist and the international anarchist communism movements. He was the editor of three major anarchist periodicals, Le R\u00e9volt\u00e9, La R\u00e9volte and Les Temps Nouveaux, and wrote dozens of pamphlets and a number of important anarchist books.Grave supported anarchism in the late 1870s, when it first began to emerge as a distinct movement. He was initially a supporter of Jules Guesde's Marxist-inspired philosophy. He attended political meetings in Paris before moving in 1883 to Geneva where he was invited by Peter Kropotkin and Elis\u00e9e Reclus to be the editor of Le R\u00e9volt\u00e9, which was renamed La R\u00e9volte when it moved to Paris in 1886. He edited La R\u00e9volte from 1887 to 1894.In 1893 Grave wrote La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 mourante et l'anarchie, prefaced by Octave Mirbeau, for which he was sentenced to two years in prison. Mirbeau, like \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, Paul Adam, and Bernard Lazare had testified on Grave's behalf, but to no avail. The trial only popularised the book, which was rapidly translated into German, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Yiddish. An English translation by Voltairine De Cleyre appeared in 1899.\nGrave was acquitted in the \"Trial of the thirty\". \nFrom 1895 to 1922 Grave was the editor of Les Temps nouveaux, which was influential in literary and artistic circles of the time. Many well-known artists (such as Aristide Delannoy, Maximilien Luce, Paul Signac, Alexandre Steinlen, Th\u00e9o van Rysselberghe, Camille Pissarro, Kees van Dongen, Charles Angrand, Henri-Edmond Cross, George Willaume, etc.) illustrated and helped to finance the review. \nIn 1914 Grave joined Kropotkin in England, and incurred the wrath of anti-war anarchists by signing the Manifesto of the Sixteen, which supported the allies during World War I.\nGrave also wrote Le Mouvement libertaire sous la IIIe r\u00e9publique.", "Q106642": "Walter of Speyer (Walt(h)er von Speyer, Gualterus Spirensis) (967\u20131027) was a German bishop of Speyer and poet.\n\n", "Q117997": "Max Rychner (8 April 1897 in Lichtensteig, Switzerland \u2013 10 June 1965 in Zurich) - was a Swiss writer, journalist, translator, and literary critic, writing in German. Hannah Arendt called him \"[O]ne of the most educated and subtle figures in the intellectual life of the era\"Rychner published several books of poetry, short stories, essays, and autobiographical prose, and translated some of the works of Paul Val\u00e9ry into German. For several decades, he was one of the most influential literary critics and reviewers writing in German. He admired, promoted, and published the works of Robert Walser, and corresponded with Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Thomas Mann, Gottfried Benn, Ernst Robert Curtius, and others.\nHe championed the young poet Paul Celan and published the memoirs of Walter Benjamin.\nIn 1956, Rychner won the Gottfried Keller Award.", "Q613028": "Franco Bordoni-Bisleri (10 January 1913 \u2013 15 September 1975) was an Italian aviator and racing car driver. He is one of the top-scoring aces of the Regia Aeronautica, with 19 air victories. His nickname was \"Robur\" (\"strength\" in Latin) and was painted on most of his aircraft and racing cars.", "Q76405": "Salome Kammer (born 17 January 1959 in Nidda, Hesse, West Germany) is a German actress, singer and cellist.", "Q4352658": "Nicolas Nahas (born 28 November 1946) is a Lebanese businessman, politician and former minister of economy.", "Q10780": "Grimma (Upper Sorbian: Grima) is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Central Germany, on the left bank of the Mulde, 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Leipzig. Founded in c. 1170, it is part of the Leipzig district.", "Q266640": "Raffaella Maria Roberta Pelloni (born 18 June 1943), better known as Raffaella Carr\u00e0 (Italian: [raffa\u02c8\u025blla kar\u02c8ra]), is an Italian singer, dancer, television presenter, and actress. She is a popular figure in Europe and Latin America, both as a result of her many well-known taped presentations and records, and because of her many popular TV shows. Carr\u00e0 is widely regarded as a gay icon.", "Q66616": "Indore (listen) is the most populous and the largest city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of both Indore District and Indore Division. It is also considered as an education hub of the state and has campuses of both the Indian Institute of Technology and the Indian Institute of Management. Located on the southern edge of Malwa Plateau, at an average altitude of 553 meters (1,814 ft) above sea level, it has the highest elevation among major cities of Central India. The city is 190 km (120 mi) west of the state capital of Bhopal. Indore had a census-estimated 2011 population of 1,994,397 (municipal corporation) and 2,170,295 (urban agglomeration). The city is distributed over a land area of just 530 square kilometres (200 sq mi), making Indore the most densely populated major city in the central province. It comes under Tier 2 cities in India.\nIndore traces its roots to its 16th century founding as a trading hub between the Deccan and Delhi. The city and its surroundings came under Hindu Maratha Empire on 18 May 1724 after Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao I assumed the full control of Malwa. During the days of the British Raj, Indore State was a 19 Gun Salute (21 locally) princely state (a rare high rank) ruled by the Maratha Holkar dynasty, until they acceded to the Union of India. Indore served as the capital of the Madhya Bharat from 1950 until 1956.\nIndore's financial district, based in central Indore, functions as the financial capital of Madhya Pradesh and is home to the Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange.\nIndore has been selected as one of the 100 Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission. It also qualified the first round of Smart Cities Mission and was selected as one of the first twenty cities to be developed as Smart Cities. Indore has been part of Swachh Survekshan since its inception and had ranked 25th in 2016. It has been ranked as India's cleanest city four years in a row as per the Swachh Survekshan for the years 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020.", "Q201803": "Benjamin Robins (1707 \u2013 29 July 1751) was a pioneering English scientist, Newtonian mathematician, and military engineer.\nHe wrote an influential treatise on gunnery, for the first time introducing Newtonian science to military men, was an early enthusiast for rifled gun barrels, and his work had substantive influence on the development of artillery during the latter half of the eighteenth century \u2013 and directly stimulated the teaching of calculus in military academies.", "Q256783": "Ane Brun (Norwegian pronunciation: [\u0251\u02d0n\u0259 \u02c8br\u0289\u02d0n]; born Ane Brunvoll on 10 March 1976 in Molde, Norway) is a Norwegian songwriter, guitarist, and vocalist of Sami origin. Since 2003 she has recorded eight albums, six of which are studio albums (including a collection of duets) and one live DVD. She has lived in Stockholm, Sweden, since 2001, where she writes, records, and runs her own label (Balloon Ranger Recordings).", "Q69525": "Payerne (Arpitan: Pay\u00e8rna) is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It was the seat of the district of Payerne, and is now part of the district of Broye-Vully. The german name Peterlingen for the town is out of use.\n\n", "Q473770": "Isaac Leopold Rice (February 22, 1850 \u2013 November 2, 1915) was a German-born Jewish American businessman, investor, musicologist, author, and noted chess patron. As part of a successful career in the manufacturing industry, in 1899 he acquired the Holland Torpedo Boat Company, which was renamed the Electric Boat Company and produced submarines for the U.S. and British navies. It continues today as General Dynamics Electric Boat.\n\n", "Q103712": "Gerd Friedrich Bollmann (September 28, 1947 in Wanne-Eickel, Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia \u2013 September 17, 2017) was a German politician. A member of the SPD, Bollman served in the Bundestag from 2002 to 2013, representing the electoral district of Herne \u2013 Bochum II.\nHe died on September 17, 2017, at the age of 69.", "Q662809": "Roderich Ferdinand Ottomar Menzel (German pronunciation: [\u02c8r\u0252d\u0259r\u026ak \u02c8m\u025bn\u02a6\u0259l]; 13 April 1907 \u2013 17 October 1987) was an amateur tennis player and, after his active career, an author.", "Q322770": "Paul Aste (born 5 December 1916) was an Austrian bobsledder and luger who competed during the 1950s and the 1960s. He also took the Olympic Oath for athletes at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.\nHe was born in Matrei in Osttirol.", "Q67508": "Martin Mutschmann (9 March 1879 \u2013 14 February 1947) was the Nazi Regional Leader (Gauleiter) of the state of Saxony (Gau Saxony) during the time of the Third Reich.", "Q846430": "Futurists are people whose specialty or interest is futurology or the attempt to systematically explore predictions and possibilities about the future and how they can emerge from the present, whether that of human society in particular or of life on Earth in general.", "Q1631926": "Charley Lincoln (born Charlie Hicks, Jr., March 11, 1900 \u2013 September 28, 1963), also known as Laughing Charley, was an early American country blues musician. He often recorded with his brother Robert Hicks, who was billed as Barbecue Bob.\nHicks was born in Lithonia, Georgia. In his teens he was taught to play the guitar by Savannah Weaver, the mother of Curley Weaver, and performed in the Lithonia area until 1920. He moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and worked outside the field of music, occasionally performing with his brother. He recorded with his brother for Columbia Records from 1927 to 1930. An example is the duet \"It Won't Be Long Now\", with crosstalk, which the brothers recorded in Atlanta on November 5, 1927.\nAfter Robert's early death in 1931, Charley continued to perform into the 1950s, as Charley Lincoln. From 1955 to 1963 he was imprisoned for murder in Cairo, Georgia, where he became a prisoner trustee. He died there of a cerebral hemorrhage on September 28, 1963.", "Q952337": "Hooverphonic is a Belgian band that formed in October 1995. Though originally categorized as a trip hop group, they quickly expanded their sound to the point where they could no longer be described as a lone genre, but rather encompass alternative, electronica, electropop, rock, and a mixture of others. The band originally called themselves Hoover, but later changed their name to Hooverphonic after discovering other groups were already using the Hoover name and to avoid any legal issues with the vacuum cleaner company.\nSince their formation, Hooverphonic's lineup consisted of bassist Alex Callier, guitarist Raymond Geerts, and various lead singers. Prominent ones included Liesje Sadonius (1996\u20131997), Geike Arnaert (1997\u20132008), No\u00e9mie Wolfs (2010\u20132015), and Luka Cruysberghs (2018\u2013present). \nThey were supposed to represent Belgium at the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 in Rotterdam with their song \"Release Me\". However, on March 18th 2020, the event was cancelled due to the 2019\u201320 Coronavirus pandemic. They will instead represent Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021.", "Q94480": "Albert Drach (17 December 1902 \u2013 27 March 1995) was an Austrian-Jewish writer and lawyer. He was born in Vienna and died in M\u00f6dling. In 1988 he was awarded the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize by the Deutsche Akademie f\u00fcr Sprache und Dichtung for being a \"courageous and sensitive contemporary witness who expresses the madness of our century without resentment in poetic poignancy\".", "Q78428": "Jan Niklas (born 15 October 1947) is a German film and television actor. He is best known for appearing in TV films such as Peter The Great, Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna and Anne Frank: The Whole Story. He won a Golden Globe Award for his appearance in the TV miniseries Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna. He also played in the Hungarian film Colonel Redl which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.", "Q164951": "Solino is a 2002 Italian-German movie directed by Fatih Ak\u0131n and starring Moritz Bleibtreu, Barnaby Metschurat, Gigi Savoia and Antonella Attili.", "Q1105172": "Istv\u00e1n Kassai (born 26 March 1959) is a Hungarian pianist. He graduated at the Budapest Liszt Academy of Music in 1982 studying in the class of P\u00e1l Kadosa. Then in 1984 he pursued his second diploma in the Conservatoire Europ\u00e9en de Musique de Paris under the close supervision of Yvonne Lef\u00e9bure. During and after his studies he also undertook several master courses, such as the one led by Gy\u00f6rgy Cziffra in Senlis and Keszthely, too.\nDuring his career, he has won several first prizes in international competitions such as the International Youth Piano Competition in \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem 1972 in Czechoslovakia, the Hungarian Radio Piano Competition in 1979, and the Premier Grand Prix in the International Debussy Piano Competition, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris in 1982. He was acknowledged by the ARTISJUS-Prize in 1976, the Bonnaud-Chevillion-Prize of the Fondation de France in 1986, the N\u00edv\u00f3 Prize of the Hungarian Radio in 1990, the Ferenc Liszt Prize in 2001 and the Weiner Le\u00f3 Memorial Prize in 2010. He is a full member in the Hungarian Academy of Arts since 2013.Istv\u00e1n Kassai made CD recordings of the complete piano works of Ernest Bloch, Ferenc Erkel, Mih\u00e1ly Mosonyi, Le\u00f3 Weiner and Jen\u0151 Hubay, which was followed by more than a dozen of CD releases including works by Ern\u0151 Dohn\u00e1nyi, Ferenc Liszt, B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k and Robert Volkmann. At his concerts, he played the premieres or the first modern performances of numerous piano works i.e. pieces of Brahms and Bart\u00f3k. The Hungarian Radio has archived many recordings of his performances. He has published numerous articles and studies on music and edited many volumes of sheet music by composers and musicians such as Liszt, Mosonyi, Hubay, Weiner and Gy\u00f6rgy Cziffra.\n\n", "Q108647": "Jason Raize Rothenberg (July 20, 1975 \u2013 February 3, 2004), known professionally as Jason Raize, was an American actor, singer and former Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Environment Programme. He was best known for his roles as the adult Simba in the Broadway stage musical version of The Lion King and the voice of Denahi in the animated Disney film Brother Bear.", "Q136971": "Mykola Kniazhytskyi (born June 2, 1968 in Lviv) is a Ukrainian journalist, People's Deputy of Ukraine of the VII and VIII and current IV convocations, Head of the Committee on Culture and Spirituality, Co-Head of group for interparliamentary relations with the Republic of Poland, Head of EU-Ukraine Parliamentary Association Committee.\nIn the past, Mykola Kniazhytskyi held key positions in media companies and Tonis, STB, and UT-1 TV channels, was head of Hazeta 24. Mykola Kniazhytskyi was a member of the National Council of Television and Radio Broadcasting of Ukraine. Kniazhytskyi is a member of the Austrian International Press Institute Austrian International Press Institute. Married, has two sons and a daughter Mykola Kniazhytskyi is producer of a number of documentaries", "Q129851": "Kenan G\u00f6rg\u00fcn (born 18 April 1977) is a Belgian writer of Turkish origin, born in Ghent.\nHe has been studying in a French-speaking school in Brussels.\nHe studied writing with his professor Gustave Rongy and wrote his first poems and short stories for a magazine called \"Marginales\".\nAs a scriptwriter, he has been honored with prizes and is a member of the Association des Sc\u00e9naristes de l'Audiovisuel.\nHe wrote songs for the rock band O.I.L.\nHis latest novel, Patriot Act, features a cop named Elvis Casanova. He has already scheduled 5 more of his adventures...\nIn 2011, he shot his first feature-length film, called Yadel, produced by Saga Film Belgium.", "Q64001": "Otto Julius Bierbaum (28 June 1865 \u2013 1 February 1910) was a German writer.Bierbaum was born in Gr\u00fcnberg, Silesia. After studying in Leipzig, he became a journalist and editor for the journals Die freie B\u00fchne, Pan and Die Insel. His literary work was varied. As a poet he used forms like the Minnesang or the folksong and the Anacreontics style.\nIn 1897 Bierbaum published his novel Stilpe which inspired Ernst von Wolzogen to establish, in 1901, the first cabaret venue ever in Berlin, the \u00dcberbrettl . His novel Z\u00e4pfel Kerns Abenteuer was an adaptation of Carlo Collodi's Pinocchio. Bierbaum's final novel, Yankeedoodlefahrt, was published in 1909 and is the source of the winged words \"Humor ist, wenn man trotzdem lacht\" (\"Humor is when you laugh anyway\"), which has become a proverb in modern German.\nBierbaum died at K\u00f6tzschenbroda near Dresden.\n\n", "Q1893008": "Marcel Dalio (born Israel Moshe Blauschild; 23 November 1899 in Paris \u2013 18 November 1983) was a French character actor. He had major roles in two films directed by Jean Renoir, Grand Illusion (1937) and The Rules of the Game (1939).", "Q438201": "Maya Asmar (Arabic: \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0631\u200e; born 14 August 1976), better known by her stage name Maya Nasri (Arabic: \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u200e), is a Lebanese singer, recording artist, and actress.", "Q34636": "Art Nouveau (; French: [a\u0281 nuvo]) is an international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts, known in different languages by different names: Jugendstil in German, Stile Liberty in Italian, Modernismo catal\u00e1n in Spanish, etc. In English it is also known as the Modern Style (not to be confused with Modernism and Modern architecture). The style was most popular between 1890 and 1910. It was a reaction against the academic art, eclecticism and historicism of 19th century architecture and decoration. It was often inspired by natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and flowers. Other characteristics of Art Nouveau were a sense of dynamism and movement, often given by asymmetry or whiplash lines, and the use of modern materials, particularly iron, glass, ceramics and later concrete, to create unusual forms and larger open spaces.One major objective of Art Nouveau was to break down the traditional distinction between fine arts (especially painting and sculpture) and applied arts. It was most widely used in interior design, graphic arts, furniture, glass art, textiles, ceramics, jewelry and metal work. The style responded to leading 19-century theoreticians, such as French architect Eug\u00e8ne-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (1814\u20131879) and British art critic John Ruskin (1819\u20131900). In Britain, it was influenced by William Morris and the Arts and Crafts movement. German architects and designers sought a spiritually uplifting Gesamtkunstwerk (\"total work of art\") that would unify the architecture, furnishings, and art in the interior in a common style, to uplift and inspire the residents.The first Art Nouveau houses and interior decoration appeared in Brussels in the 1890s, in the architecture and interior design of houses designed by Paul Hankar, Henry van de Velde, and especially Victor Horta, whose H\u00f4tel Tassel was completed in 1893. It moved quickly to Paris, where it was adapted by Hector Guimard, who saw Horta's work in Brussels and applied the style for the entrances of the new Paris M\u00e9tro. It reached its peak at the 1900 Paris International Exposition, which introduced the Art Nouveau work of artists such as Louis Tiffany. It appeared in graphic arts in the posters of Alphonse Mucha, and the glassware of Ren\u00e9 Lalique and \u00c9mile Gall\u00e9.\nFrom Belgium and France, it spread to the rest of Europe, taking on different names and characteristics in each country (see Naming section below). It often appeared not only in capitals, but also in rapidly growing cities that wanted to establish artistic identities (Turin and Palermo in Italy; Glasgow in Scotland; Munich and Darmstadt in Germany), as well as in centres of independence movements (Helsinki in Finland, then part of the Russian Empire; Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain).\nBy 1914, and with the beginning of the First World War, Art Nouveau was largely exhausted. In the 1920s, it was replaced as the dominant architectural and decorative art style by Art Deco and then Modernism. The Art Nouveau style began to receive more positive attention from critics in the late 1960s, with a major exhibition of the work of Hector Guimard at the Museum of Modern Art in 1970.", "Q215876": "Stephan Kekul\u00e9 von Stradonitz (1 May 1863, in Ghent \u2013 5 May 1933, in Berlin), was a German lawyer, heraldist and genealogist who popularized a genealogical numbering system of ancestors.\nStephan was the son of the prominent chemist Friedrich August Kekul\u00e9 von Stradonitz, descended from a Czech noble family from Bohemia, and his Belgian wife St\u00e9phanie Drory.\nIn 1898 Kekul\u00e9 von Stradonitz published his interpretation of Eytzinger's and Sosa's method in his Ahnentafel-Atlas. Ahnentafeln zu 32 Ahnen der Regenten Europas und ihrer Gemahlinnen, Berlin: J. A. Stargardt, 1898\u20131904, containing 79 charts of the sovereigns of Europe and their wives. This method became the most common method of numbering ancestors and is known as the Sosa\u2013Stradonitz Method or Ahnentafel.", "Q86084": "Otto Karl Robert Wernicke (30 September 1893, Osterode am Harz \u2013 7 November 1965) was a German actor. He was best known for his role as police inspector Karl Lohmann in the two Fritz Lang films M and The Testament of Dr. Mabuse. He was the first actor to portray Captain Smith in the first \"official\" Titanic film.\nWernicke was married to a Jewish woman. Only due to a special permit and substantial donation to the Nazi Party was he allowed to continue his work in Nazi Germany. He appeared in the 1944\u20131945 propaganda epic Kolberg.", "Q1423356": "The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (Norwegian: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, DNVA) is a learned society based in Oslo, Norway. Its purpose is to support the advancement of science and scholarship in Norway.", "Q459833": "Refugee is a 2000 Indian Hindi romantic drama film written and directed by J. P. Dutta. It marked the debuts of Abhishek Bachchan, son of popular actor Amitabh Bachchan, and Kareena Kapoor, the younger sister of actress Karisma Kapoor. The film also starred Jackie Shroff, Sunil Shetty and Anupam Kher. Refugee performed moderately well at the box office and was the fifth highest-grossing film of that year.It is the story of an unnamed Indian Muslim, who helps illegal refugees from India and Pakistan cross the border through the Great Rann of Kutch. The film is attributed to have been inspired by the short story \"Love Across the Salt Desert\" by Keki N. Daruwalla.", "Q320167": "Corey Woods (born January 12, 1970), better known by his stage name Raekwon (), is an American rapper and a member of Wu-Tang Clan. He released his solo debut, Only Built 4 Cuban Linx... in 1995 and has since recorded numerous solo albums, as well as continuing to work with Wu-Tang and providing an extensive number of guest contributions to other hip hop artists' works. He is the founder of his own label ICEH20 Records.\nRaekwon has been cited as a pioneer of mafioso rap. In 2007, the editors of About.com placed him on their list of the Top 50 MCs of Our Time (1987\u20132007).The Miami New Times described Raekwon's music as being \"street epics\" that are \"straightforward yet linguistically rich universes like a gangsta Iliad.\"", "Q563211": "Hector de Jesus Ruiz Cardenas (born December 25, 1945) is the chairman and CEO of [ Advanced Nanotechnology Solutions, Inc.] and former CEO & executive chairman of semiconductor company Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD).Ruiz is the author of Slingshot: AMD\u2019s Fight To Free An Industry From The Ruthless Grip Of Intel, \"a book that memorializes his bet-the-company decision in 2005 to file an antitrust case against its much larger rival.\" The book also \"elaborates on his humble upbringing as well as advice and lessons learned from relatives and teachers.\"", "Q4580545": "Christian Ringnes (born 3 March 1954) is well known as a flamboyant businessman and art collector from Norway whose family started the country\u2019s largest brewery Ringnes more than a hundred years ago. In his hometown of Oslo, Ringnes owns restaurants, hotels and museums, and recently donated more than $70 million for the creation of a large sculpture and cultural park, which opened in 2013. The Wall Street Journal ranks it as one of the top five parks in the world. Over decades Ringnes has built one of the largest private collections of art in the world.Ringnes holds an MBA from the University of Lausanne in Switzerland and an MBA from Harvard Business School in the United States. He has been an active real estate investor since 1984, and is currently the largest shareholder and CEO of real estate companies Eiendomsspar and Victoria Eiendom.\nIn 2001 he bought the dilapidated Ekeberg Restaurant in Oslo, not far from the place where Edvard Munch painted The Scream. He renovated it and opened the restaurant in 2005. He has also given Oslo the sculptures Peacock Fountain at the National Theatre station and Kate Moss at the Opera Passage. The Marketing Association in Oslo appointed Ringnes to \"Oslo Ambassador \" for his efforts to promote Oslo as a city and destination. In 2005 he was awarded the honorary award \"City Patriot \" by Oslo. In 2013 he was voted \"citizen of the year \" by the readers of Norways largest media outlet Aftenposten.\nAt the age of seven, Ringnes developed a hobby after he received an unusual gift from his father: a half-empty Gordon's Gin miniature liquor bottle. It was this afterthought of a gift that led him on a path towards amassing what is recognized today as the largest mini-bottle collection in the world with over 52,000 miniature liquor bottles commissioned to a three-story museum in Oslo.\n\n", "Q1239155": "Vernon Ford Story (1922\u20132007) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist.", "Q4351437": "Stephen G. \"Steve\" Perlman is an entrepreneur and inventor of Internet, entertainment, multimedia, consumer electronics and communications technologies and services. He is best known for the development of QuickTime, WebTV, OnLive, pCell and Mova Contour facial capture technologies. In addition to founding startup companies, Perlman was a Microsoft division president and a principal scientist at Apple Computer.While a prolific entrepreneur, his management style has been called into question.", "Q3809029": "Sir John Aird, 1st Baronet (3 December 1833 \u2013 6 January 1911) was an English civil engineering contractor of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He also served as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Paddington North from 1887 to 1906, was the first Mayor of Paddington in 1900, and became an enthusiastic collector of British art.\n\n", "Q431225": "There Was a Crooked Man... is a 1970 American western film directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and starring Kirk Douglas and Henry Fonda. It was the only western made by Mankiewicz. It was written by David Newman and Robert Benton, their first script after Bonnie and Clyde.", "Q1270555": "Sugar Ray Norcia (born Raymond Alan Norcia, June 6, 1954, Stonington, Connecticut, United States) is an American electric and soul blues singer and harmonica player. He is best known for his work with his backing band, The Bluetones, with whom he has released seven albums since 1980.", "Q1973856": "Irina Bogushevskaya (Russian: \u0418\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, IPA: [\u026a\u02c8r\u02b2in\u0259 \u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr\u0259vn\u0259 b\u0259\u0261\u028a\u02c8\u0282\u025bfsk\u0259j\u0259] (listen); born 2 November 1965) is a Russian singer, poet, and composer of theater jazz and cabaret rock. Her largest event was a one-woman concert at the Kremlin Palace in 2005, which drew 6,000 people.", "Q552972": "Ty Olsson (born January 28, 1974) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his recurring role as Benny Lafitte in Supernatural, and for portraying real life 9/11 victim Mark Bingham in the A&E television movie Flight 93 and as the voice of Ord in PBS Kids animated children's series Dragon Tales.\n\n", "Q468350": "Barbara Blair Cox Anthony (December 8, 1922 \u2013 May 28, 2007) was the youngest daughter of James M. Cox, a Democratic governor of Ohio, newspaper publisher and broadcaster. With her sister Anne Cox Chambers and her brother James M. Cox, Jr., she inherited, via a trust, ownership and control of her father's company, now called Cox Enterprises. Upon her brother's death in 1974, the sisters received his share of the company equally.\nHer net worth was estimated at $12 billion, based principally on her equity interest in Cox Enterprises, which made her one of the richest women in the United States and the richest resident of Hawaii.She served as a Director of Cox Enterprises, one of the largest diversified media companies in the United States. It owns one of the nation's largest cable television businesses, which provides internet and telephone, publishes newspapers including the Atlanta Journal-Constitution and The Palm Beach Post, owns and operates broadcast television and radio stations and owns Manheim, an automobile auction firm. It also owns stakes in a variety of internet businesses, including AutoTrader.com, the largest retail automotive shopping site in the world. Her son James Kennedy is chairman of Cox Enterprises.\nWell known in Hawaii for her support of philanthropic causes, Anthony helped found La Pietra: Hawaii School for Girls and served as its chair from 1978 until her death in Honolulu in 2007, aged 84, following an extended illness. She also made contributions to the Veterinary School of Colorado State University, endowing two chairs in equine health.", "Q117001": "Numa Droz (27 January 1844 \u2013 15 December 1899) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1875\u20131892).\nBorn in La Chaux-de-Fonds, he was elected to cantonal government of Neuch\u00e2tel in 1871 and to the Swiss Council of States in 1872.\nOn 18 December 1875, he was elected to the Swiss Federal Council and handed over office on 31 December 1892. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland. He was elected President of Switzerland in 1881 and 1887.\nDuring his office time he held the following departments:\n\nDepartment of Home Affairs (1876\u20131878)\nDepartment of Trade and Agriculture (1879\u20131880)\nPolitical Department as President of the Confederation (1881)\nDepartment of Trade and Agriculture (1882\u20131886)\nPolitical Department as President of the Confederation (1887)\nDepartment of Foreign Affairs (1888\u20131892)He died in Bern in 1899.\nDroz has been described as a \"man of progress\" and \"one of Switzerland's major political figures\". \nHe was appointed by Swiss Government for presiding the ALAI conferences following of which the Berne convention for the protection of literary and artistic works was concluded in 1886. \"Numa Droz was an admirable choice for this role from the point of view of authors, as he had a strong interest in copyright matters, and had, in an article ... declared himself in favour of an international convention on literary and artistic property.\" He was to play a crucial role in the realization of the final convention. \nHe was a radical democrat who clashed with Bismarck over a police spying case, the Wohlgemut Affair, in 1889.\nIn La Chaux-de-Fonds a street (rue Numa-Droz, the longest in the town) and in Neuch\u00e2tel a square (place Numa-Droz) are named after him. A statue by Charles l'Eplattenier which was erected by the station is at present being renovated and will be placed on Rue Numa-Droz in the autumn of 2012.", "Q982300": "Vasily Vasilievich Andreyev (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432; 15 January [O.S. 3 January] 1861 \u2013 1918) was a Russian musician responsible for the modern development of the balalaika and several other traditional Russian folk music instruments, and is considered the father of the academic folk instrument movement in Eastern Europe. His accomplishments included:\n\ndeveloping in the 1880s a standardized balalaika made with the assistance of violin maker V. Ivanov.\nreviving the domra, a three-stringed long-necked melody instrument with a melon-shaped body, which he developed in prima, alto, tenor, and bass sizes.\nreviving the gusli, an autoharp chorded with piano-type keys.\narranging many traditional Russian folk songs and melodies for the orchestra\ncomposing many tunes of his own.", "Q693628": "Wilmersdorf (German pronunciation: [\u02c8v\u026alm\u0250sd\u0254\u0281f] (listen)), an inner-city locality of Berlin, lies south-west of the central city. Formerly a borough by itself, Wilmersdorf became part of the new borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf in Berlin's 2001 administrative reform.", "Q1769581": "J\u00f8rn Henrik Sv\u00e6ren (born 12 November 1974) is a Norwegian author, publisher, translator and musician. He ran the small press H Press from 2004\u20132009, and currently runs England Forlag (England Press). He has been a member of the band Ulver since 2000.\nIn 2011, Kolon Forlag published Dronning av England, a collection of Sv\u00e6ren's texts originally published in journals and catalogues, as well as handmade chapbooks from England Forlag. Queen of England, Sv\u00e6ren's translation of the book into English, was published by Black Square Editions in January 2017.Sv\u00e6ren was also the editor of Den engelske kanal (The English Channel), an annual poetry journal dedicated to Scandinavian poetry and international poetry in translation, published by Kolon Forlag from 2013\u20132019.", "Q14905932": "The First Republic of Cuba (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de Cuba) of 1902 to 1959, referred by the current Cuban government as the Neocolonial Republic (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica Neocolonial), and as Free Cuba (Spanish: Cuba Libre) by Cuban dissidents, refers to the historical period in Cuba from 1902, when Cuba seceded from US rule in the aftermath of the Spanish\u2013American War that took Cuba from Spanish rule in 1898, until Fidel Castro took power in 1959.\nThe official form of government was representative democracy though at times it was controlled by a military junta or otherwise unelected government. After becoming head of the armed forces in 1933, colonel Fulgencio Batista played a dominant role in Cuban politics over the next decades. The Cuban Revolution of 1953\u20131959 massively changed Cuban society, creating a socialist state and ending US economic dominance in Cuba, as it aligned the country with the Soviet Union.\nThe Republic of Cuba has been regarded as a client state of the United States. From 1902\u20131932 Cuban and United States law included the Platt Amendment, which guaranteed the US right to intervene in Cuba and placed restrictions on Cuban foreign relations. In 1934, Cuba and the United States signed the Treaty of Relations in which Cuba was obligated to give preferential treatment of its economy to the United States, in exchange the United States gave Cuba a guaranteed 22 percent share of the US sugar market that later was amended to a 49 percent share in 1949.", "Q108121": "Dieter Sauberzweig (17 November 1925 \u2013 28 December 2005) was a prominent commentator on German cultural politics (Kulturpolitiker).", "Q1053320": "The Cementerio de Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de La Almudena (English: Our Lady of Almudena Cemetery), former Necr\u00f3polis de Este (East cemetery) is a cemetery in Madrid, Spain. It is the largest in Madrid and one of the largest in Western Europe. The number of people buried is estimated to be about five million, larger than the population of Madrid itself, since it was the main cemetery for the entire city from 1884 to 1973, and from the 1920s was almost the only one for the majority of the population of Madrid.", "Q236711": "Laura Elizabeth Metcalf (born June 16, 1955) is an American actress. Over the course of her four-decade career, she has been the recipient of numerous acting awards and nominations. She has won three Primetime Emmy Awards, two Tony Awards, and has been nominated for an Academy Award.\nMetcalf began her career with the Steppenwolf Theater Company and frequently works in Chicago theater. For her stage performances and work on Broadway, Metcalf has received six Tony Award nominations, winning Best Actress in a Play in 2017 for her performance in A Doll's House, Part 2 and Best Featured Actress in a Play for the 2018 revival of Edward Albee's Three Tall Women.\nShe gained national attention for her performance as Jackie Harris in the ABC sitcom Roseanne (1988\u20131997, 2018) and its spinoff The Conners (2018\u2013present) for which she won three Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series (1992\u20131994). An eleven-time Emmy Award nominee, Metcalf's other television credits include 3rd Rock from the Sun, The Norm Show, Frasier, Desperate Housewives and The Big Bang Theory. She played a leading role in the HBO comedy series Getting On (2013\u20132015), for which she received critical acclaim and a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series.Metcalf has starred in numerous films and is known for her critically acclaimed performance in Greta Gerwig's comedy-drama film Lady Bird, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a SAG Award, and a BAFTA Award. Since 1995, she has voiced Mrs. Davis (Andy's mom) in the Toy Story franchise.", "Q1356586": "Roman Totenberg (1 January 1911 \u2013 8 May 2012) was a Polish-American violinist and educator. A child prodigy, he lived in Poland, Moscow, Berlin, and Paris, before formally immigrating to the U.S. in 1938, at age 27. He performed and taught nationally and internationally throughout his life.One of Totenberg's favorite instruments was the Ames Stradivarius, which was stolen from his office in the Longy School of Music in Cambridge, Massachusetts after a concert in May 1980. The instrument was recovered and returned to Totenberg's daughters on August 6, 2015.", "Q665800": "The Kindlifresserbrunnen (Swiss German for Child Eater Fountain) is a fountain at the Kornhausplatz (Granary Place) in Bern, Switzerland. It is one of the Old City of Bern's fountains from the 16th century.\nIt was created in 1545\u20131546 by Hans Gieng to replace a wooden fountain from the 15th century. The new fountain's original name was Platzbrunnen (Plaza Fountain); the current name was used first in 1666. Kindli is a Swiss German diminutive for the German word Kind, meaning child. A literal translation of the name Kindlifresserbrunnen therefore would be \"Fountain of the Eater of Little Children\".\nThe fountain sculpture depicts a seated ogre devouring a naked child. Placed at his side is a bag containing more children. Because the ogre is wearing a pointed hat resembling a Jewish one, it has been speculated about the possibility of the ogre being the depiction of a Jew as an expression of blood libel against Jews. Another theory is that the statue is the likeness of Krampus, the beast-like creature from the folklore of Alpine countries thought to punish children during the Christmas season who had misbehaved. According to other theories it is a depiction of the Greek god Cronus eating his children or the Roman Saturn eating the months, though Cronus should have six and Saturn twelve rather than the sculpture's eight. It may also represent a warning to children to avoid falling into the, at that time, nearby Bear Pits. Another theory is that it represented Cardinal Schiner who led the Swiss Confederation into several bloody defeats in northern Italy. An alternative theory is that it is a depiction of the older brother of Duke Berchtold (founder of Bern) who it is claimed, was so incensed by his younger brother's overshadowing of him that he collected and ate the town's children but such an incident is not recorded in Bern's history books. A final theory is that it is just a carnival character intended to frighten disobedient children.Around the fountain's base runs a frieze showing armed bears going to war, including a piper and a drummer. The frieze may have been designed by Hans Rudolf Manuel Deutsch.The Kindlifresserbrunnen is an important object in the novel L'ogre (The Ogre) by Jacques Chessex.", "Q36747": "The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of North, Central and South America and their descendants.\nAlthough some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers\u2014and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are\u2014many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, city-states, chiefdoms, states, kingdoms and empires. Among these are the Aztec, Inca and Maya states that until the 16th century were among the most politically and socially advanced nations in the world. They had a vast knowledge of engineering, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, writing, physics, medicine, planting and irrigation, geology, mining, sculpture and goldsmithing.\nMany parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, and the United States. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaran\u00ed, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.\n\n", "Q229631": "Margaret Brown (n\u00e9e Tobin; July 18, 1867 \u2013 October 26, 1932), posthumously known as \"The Unsinkable Molly Brown\", was an American socialite and philanthropist. She unsuccessfully encouraged the crew in Lifeboat No. 6 to return to the debris field of the 1912 sinking of RMS Titanic to look for survivors. During her lifetime, her friends called her \"Maggie\", but even by her death, obituaries referred to her as the \"Unsinkable Mrs. Brown\". The reference was further reinforced by a 1960 Broadway musical based on her life and its 1964 film adaptation which were both entitled The Unsinkable Molly Brown.", "Q49193": "Brockton is a city in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States; the population is 95,777 as of 2019. Brockton, along with Plymouth, are the county seats of Plymouth County. Brockton is the seventh largest city in Massachusetts and is sometimes referred to as the \"City of Champions\", due to the success of native boxers Rocky Marciano and Marvin Hagler, as well as its successful Brockton High School sports programs. Two of the villages within the city are Montello and Campello, both have the distinction of having their own MBTA Commuter Rail Stations and post offices. Campello is the smallest neighborhood in the city, but also the most populous. Brockton hosts a baseball team, the Brockton Rox. Brockton is the second windiest city in the United States, with an average wind speed of 14.3 mph.", "Q173593": "Jorge Alberto Daponte (5 June 1923 \u2013 9 March 1963) was a racing driver from Argentina.\nDaponte was born in Buenos Aires. He participated in two World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, appearing for the first time on 17 January 1954, and scoring no championship points. He also participated in several non-Championship races. He died at 39 years of age, possibly of suicide.", "Q861931": "William Beason (6 March 1908 \u2013 15 August 1988) was an American swing jazz drummer born in Louisville, Kentucky. At the height of his career, he recorded with Django Reinhardt.In 1939, Beason took over the role of drummer in Ella Fitzgerald's orchestra from Chick Webb. He died, aged 80, in New York City.", "Q153643": "Heinrich Sch\u00fctz (German: [\u0283\u028ft\u0361s]; 18 October [O.S. 8 October] 1585 \u2013 6 November 1672) was a German composer and organist, generally regarded as the most important German composer before Johann Sebastian Bach, as well as one of the most important composers of the 17th century. He is credited with bringing the Italian style to Germany and continuing its evolution from the Renaissance into the Early Baroque. Most of his music we have today was written for the Lutheran church, primarily for the Electoral Chapel in Dresden. He wrote what is traditionally considered to be the first German opera, Dafne, performed at Torgau in 1627, the music of which has since been lost, along with nearly all of his ceremonial and theatrical scores.\nHe is commemorated as a musician in the Calendar of Saints of some North American Lutheran churches on 28 July with Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel.", "Q115616": "Eduard M\u00fcller (12 November 1848 \u2013 9 November 1919) was a Swiss politician, Mayor of Bern (1888-1895), President of the Swiss National Council (1890/1891) and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1895-1919). He was a member of the Free Democratic Party.\n\n", "Q37459": "Nicole Mary Kidman (born 20 June 1967) is an American-Born Australian actress, producer and singer. She has won many awards including an Academy Award, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and five Golden Globe Awards. She was listed among the highest-paid actresses in the world in 2006, 2018, and 2019. Time magazine twice named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world, in 2004 and 2018.Kidman began her acting career in Australia with the 1983 films Bush Christmas and BMX Bandits. Her breakthrough came in 1989 with the thriller film Dead Calm and the miniseries Bangkok Hilton. In 1990, she made her Hollywood debut in the racing film Days of Thunder, opposite Tom Cruise. She went on to achieve wider recognition with lead roles in Far and Away (1992), Batman Forever (1995), To Die For (1995), and Eyes Wide Shut (1999). Kidman won the Academy Award for Best Actress for portraying the writer Virginia Woolf in the drama The Hours (2002). Her other Oscar-nominated roles were as a courtesan in the musical Moulin Rouge! (2001) and emotionally troubled mothers in the dramas Rabbit Hole (2010) and Lion (2016).\nKidman's other film credits include The Others (2001), Cold Mountain (2003), Dogville (2003), Birth (2004), Australia (2008), The Paperboy (2012), Paddington (2014), Destroyer (2018), Aquaman (2018), and Bombshell (2019). Her television roles include two projects for HBO, the biopic Hemingway & Gellhorn (2012) and the drama series Big Little Lies (2017\u20132019). The latter earned Kidman the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress and Outstanding Limited Series.\nKidman has been a Goodwill ambassador for UNICEF since 1994 and for UNIFEM since 2006. In 2006, she was appointed Companion of the Order of Australia. Since she was born to Australian parents in Hawaii, Kidman has dual citizenship of Australia and the United States. In 2010, she founded the production company Blossom Films. She has been married to singer Keith Urban since 2006, and was earlier married to Tom Cruise.\n\n", "Q76363": "Adam Olearius (born Adam \u00d6lschl\u00e4ger or Oehlschlaeger, September 24, 1599 \u2013 February 22, 1671), was a German scholar, mathematician, geographer and librarian. He became secretary to the ambassador sent by Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, to the Shah of Safavid Persia (Iran), and published two books about the events and observations during his travels.", "Q236705": "Meg Tilly (born Margaret Elizabeth Chan; February 14, 1960) is a Canadian-American actress and novelist.For her role in the 1985 film Agnes of God, she won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other film roles include Psycho II (1983), The Big Chill (1983), Masquerade (1988), and Valmont (1989). For her role in the television series Bomb Girls (2012\u201313), she won the 2013 Canadian Screen Award for Best Lead Actress in a Drama Series.\nTilly has also written six novels, including Porcupine (2007), which was a finalist for the Sheila A. Egoff Children's Literature Prize.", "Q1502398": "Gennady Nikolayevich Timchenko (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, also spelled Guennadi Timtchenko; born 9 November 1952) is a Russian oligarch and billionaire businessman. He founded and owns the private investment group, Volga Group, which specializes in investments in energy, transport and infrastructure assets. Previously he was a co-owner of Gunvor Group. In 2019, Timchenko was ranked 42nd on the Forbes magazine billionaires list, with an estimated fortune of US$22.7 billion. He is known for being the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Kontinental Hockey League, and President of the SKA Saint Petersburg ice hockey club. \nHe is a citizen of Russia, Finland and Armenia. He is a honorary consul of Serbia in Saint Petersburg.\n\n", "Q155226": "Bad Oldesloe (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ba\u02d0t \u02cc\u0254ld\u0259s\u02c8lo\u02d0]) is a town located in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It is the capital of the district of Stormarn.\nThe area has been inhabited since Mesolithic times. The flint tools found here from that era (6000\u20134500 BC) are clearly defined and known as the Oldesloer Stufe. For a number of years in the 18th Century the Moravian Church had a congregation in Bad Oldesloe. It was called \"Pilgerruh\", i.e. \"Pilgrims' Rest\". It was given up because of difficulties with the Danish Church authorities. At that time, the Duchy of Holstein was ruled by the kings of Denmark within the Holy Roman Empire. \nOn 24 April 1945 the town was heavily bombed by Allied forces in the final days of the Second World War in Germany. Three hundred buildings were destroyed, and 706 people were killed as a result of the operation.", "Q1587386": "Hartmut Bossel (born 3 March 1935) is a German environmental scientist and systems scientist. Bossel was a professor of environmental systems analysis and director of the Scientific Center for Environmental Systems Research and Environmental Systems Analysis Group at the University of Kassel, Germany, until his retirement in 1997.Bossel collaboratively developed a number of computer simulation models and decision support systems in the following areas: energy supply policy, global dynamics, orientation of behavior, agricultural policy, forest dynamics and management, sustainable development, and indicator systems. Bossel also wrote a number of textbooks on the modeling and simulation of dynamic systems, social change, future paths, and sustainable development.\nBossel and co-author Florentin Krause are credited with coining the term Energiewende, used to describe the change in German energy policy from 2010 onwards, in 1980.\n\n", "Q4837174": "Baard Iversen (22 September 1836 \u2013 15 March 1920) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician.", "Q3524240": "Thierry Ehrmann (born 1962) is the founder and current chairman of the Serveur Group,. He was born in Avignon. He works from his house which has been transformed into the artwork Abode of Chaos. He's on the far left of the political French spectrum. He is a freemason, and had founded his own lodge (Faits et Documents, n\u00b0 117, 2001, p. 1-2, 6).", "Q1408879": "Mike Smith (born July 16, 1971 in Bronx, New York) is an American multi-instrumentalist, best known as the founding member and former drummer of the prominent New York-based technical death metal band Suffocation. He performed on their 1990 demo Reincremated, the 1991 EP, Human Waste, their 1991 debut album Effigy of the Forgotten, and their 1993 album Breeding the Spawn. He then departed from the band and was subsequently replaced before the bands departure from the scene in 1998. Smith returned when Suffocation reformed in 2002 after a four-year hiatus and performed on their 2004 release, Souls to Deny, their 2006 self-titled album, and 2009's Blood Oath. Smith along with band Suffocation were Inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2011. Smith left Suffocation for the second time in February 2012.\nSmith is a drum instructor and hired studio musician. He has lent his drumming to the song \"Dawn of a Golden Age\" on Roadrunner United: The All Star Sessions, underground rapper Necro for his album Death Rap and experimental louisiana based metal act Psychometry. Smith has his own horrorcore-influenced rap project called GRIMM REAL The first underground full length for the Grimm Real project was released in 1999 titled Demise of the Clones. In 2014, Smith recorded drums for the German extreme-metal band Misanthrope Monarch and their debut EP. Smith has since Completed full length albums with bands Voracious Scourge U.S.A,Inverted Matter from Italy, as well as 2 studio songs with side project Synesis Absorption U.S.A.. Grimm Real is Smiths' current and active project.", "Q66164": "Susch (formerly S\u00fcs) is a municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Lavin and Susch merged into the municipality of Zernez.The Fl\u00fcela Pass connects Susch with Davos.", "Q2657881": "Adnan Sezgin (born 28 January 1954 in Malatya, Turkey) is a former soccer player, and serves Turkish football in various administrative positions.\nA graduate of Ankara University in Political Science. Sezgin started his football career with Petrol Ofisi S.K. in the TFF First League. He later played for Ankarag\u00fcc\u00fc and Adana Demirspor in Turkish Super League, before ending his career with San Jose Earthquakes in USA.After retiring from football, he founded Professional Footballers Association in Turkey and is the honorary president. He served in Turkish Football Federation as Secretary-General between 1990\u20131992. He was the president of \u0130stanbulspor until 2004. He is fluent in English. He is married and has three children.\nSezgin served Galatasaray S.K. between 1992 \u2013 93 and 1996\u201397 within Football Committee. Then in 2005, after \u00d6zhan Canayd\u0131n elected as Galatasaray president for one more term, Sezgin became the general manager of Galatasaray Sportif, the specialized marketing management company, to oversee marketing operations of the Galatasaray brand.", "Q1042239": "Paul Mario Day (born 19 April 1956) is a British singer who was the original lead vocalist of Iron Maiden from 1975 to 1976.", "Q270988": "800 Bullets (Spanish: 800 Balas) is a 2002 Spanish comedy-drama film directed by \u00c1lex de la Iglesia and starring Sancho Gracia and Carmen Maura. The film is about the Westerns made in Almer\u00eda, Spain and the Spaghetti Western in general. The characters are old stuntmen.", "Q69257": "Paul Schultze-Naumburg (10 June 1869 \u2013 19 May 1949) was a German architect, painter, publicist and politician. He joined the NSDAP in 1930 and was an important advocate of Nazi architecture and a leading critic of modern architecture.", "Q92783": "Frederick B. Cohen (born 1956) is an American computer scientist and best known as the inventor of computer virus defense techniques. He gave the definition of \"computer virus\". Cohen is best known for his pioneering work on computer viruses, the invention of high integrity operating system mechanisms now in widespread use, and automation of protection management functions.\nIn 1983, while a student at the University of Southern California's School of Engineering (currently the Viterbi School of Engineering), he wrote a program for a parasitic application that seized control of computer operations, one of the first computer viruses, in Leonard Adleman\u2019s class. He wrote a short program, as an experiment, that could \"infect\" computers, make copies of itself, and spread from one machine to another. It was hidden inside a larger, legitimate program, which was loaded into a computer on a floppy disk.\nOne of the few solid theoretical results in the study of computer viruses is Cohen's 1987 demonstration that there is no algorithm that can perfectly detect all possible viruses.Cohen also believed there are positive viruses and he had created one called the compression virus which spreading would infect all executable files on a computer, not to destroy, but to make them smaller.During the past 10 years of his research work, Fred Cohen wrote over 60 professional publications and 11 books.\nFor the past 35 years, Fred Cohen has been building companies and supporting risk management and strategic decision making for enterprises of all sizes and sorts. He is globally recognized as an innovative expert in management, particularly related to information technology and risk. He supports strategic enterprise-wide decision-making ranging from restructuring to litigation support. His team approach involves an in-depth study of key issues and the development of unique strategies and solutions. Results are often leveraged behind the scenes to support research and advisory firms like Gartner and Burton, government initiatives like standards development and capacity building, University education and training programs on 5 continents, and global cooperative research and development programs. He also leads and participates in government and privately sponsored academic research, teaches, and supports graduate courses and advanced professional seminars, and is a Federal-court qualified expert witness, and digital forensic evidence examiner.\nHe also is deeply involved with the advancement of Start-Ups via his participation in Angel to Exit, an organization that provides free and for-equity services to early-stage startups wishing to move toward angel funding.", "Q372635": "Rob Stewart (born 23 July 1961) is a Canadian actor born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Known for the lead role of Nick Slaughter in the action-comedy television series Tropical Heat and his recurring role as Roan in Nikita. He plays Khlyen in Killjoys.", "Q153657": "Choi Si-won Korean: \ucd5c\uc2dc\uc6d0; Hanja: \u5d14\u59cb\u6e90 (born 7 April 1986) is a South Korean singer, songwriter, model, and actor known for his work as a member of South Korean boy group Super Junior. Choi committed as special representative of UNICEF Korea for children\u2019s issues over the last four years before he was chosen as UNICEF regional ambassador for East Asia and Pacific in November 2019.Aside from being a member of Super Junior, Choi has also ventured into solo activities, mainly acting. He played lead roles in the Korean dramas Oh! My Lady (2010), Poseidon (2011), Revolutionary Love (2017), and My Fellow Citizens! (2019) and had supporting roles in Athena: Goddess of War (2010), The King of Dramas (2012) and She Was Pretty (2015). Choi has also participated in various Chinese language films such as Helios, To the Fore and Dragon Blade.\nChoi Siwon is a representative for Audi Korea. As in 2016, Choi Si-won is listed in Forbes magazine \u201c30 Under 30 Asia\u201d. Si-won is described as \u201cone of South Korea\u2019s most sought-after singers and actors\u201d.Choi Si-won will be producer of an upcoming film. In 2015, Choi Siwon with EnterMedia Pictures (CEO Lee Dong Hoon) purchased the rights to the 2011 Daum webtoon \u201cInterview,\u201d authored by Rude Vico (romanized from the Korean \ub8e8\ub4dc\ube44\ucf54). In October 2015, Choi Si-won becomes first Korean to reach 5 Million Twitter Followers.", "Q1982105": "Paul Loup Karl Sulitzer (born 22 July 1946, in Boulogne-Billancourt) is a French financier and author. Before he turned seventeen, he was already a self-made millionaire. Sulitzer used his financial experience and knowledge in his books, which often related to the business world.", "Q2916546": "Shlomo Shamir (15 June 1915 \u2013 19 May 2009) was the third Commander of the Israeli Navy (1949\u20131950), and the first Israeli Navy Commander to receive the rank of Aluf. He was the third Commander of the Israeli Air Force (1950\u20131951).\n\n", "Q4506720": "Chay Vdvoyom (Russian: \u0427\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0451\u043c \u2013 Tea for Two) was a Russian pop music band, formed by Denis Klyaver and Stanislav Kostyushkin, which existed from 1994 until 2012. Among other accolades, the duo won several Golden Gramophone Awards for their performance.", "Q1992316": "Sebald Justinus Rutgers (1879\u20131961) was a Dutch Marxist theoretician and journalist who played an important role in the Left Wing section of the Socialist Party of America. He was also a construction engineer who was active in building industry in the Soviet Union.", "Q79044": "Oscar Homolka (12 August 1898 \u2013 27 January 1978) was an Austrian film and theatre actor, who went on to work in Germany, Britain and America. Both his voice and his appearance fitted him for roles as communist spies or Soviet officials, for which he was in regular demand. By the age of 30, he had appeared in more than 400 plays; his film career covered at least 100 films and TV shows.", "Q2388966": "Dan Lacksman (born 19 May 1950) is a Belgian composer and sound engineer, artist and member of Telex, director of numerous acoustic albums, pop or jazz.He released the album Electric Dreams on 17 May 2013.", "Q482945": "O Sonfa (\u5449 \u5584\u82b1, Japanese: \u30aa\u30fb\u30bd\u30f3\u30d5\u30a1, born 15 September 1956), commonly known as her Korean name Oh Seon-hwa (Korean: \uc624\uc120\ud654), is a professor at Takushoku University, also active as an author and journalist in Japan. Originally from Jeju-do, South Korea, she left for Japan in 1983 and went on to naturalise as a Japanese citizen.\nIn 1998, she lost her South Korean nationality as she had acquired Japanese nationality in 1991. In 2007 and 2013, she was refused entry to South Korea.", "Q552966": "Philip Yancey (born November 4, 1949) is an American author who writes primarily about spiritual issues. His books have sold more than fifteen million copies in English and have been translated into forty languages, making him one of the best-selling contemporary Christian authors. Two of his books have won the ECPA's Christian Book of the Year Award: The Jesus I Never Knew in 1996, and What's So Amazing About Grace? in 1998. He is published by Hachette, HarperCollins Christian Publishing, InterVarsity Press, and Penguin Random House.", "Q54868": "Noah Lindsey Cyrus (born January 8, 2000) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. In 2016, she released her debut single \"Make Me (Cry)\", featuring vocals from Labrinth.\nCyrus is the fifth child of Billy Ray and Tish Cyrus, and she is the youngest sibling of Trace, Brandi, and Miley Cyrus. She was named one of Time's 30 Most Influential Teens in 2017.", "Q34144": "Grand Forks is the third-largest city in the American state of North Dakota (after Fargo and Bismarck) and is the county seat of Grand Forks County. According to the 2010 census, the city's population was 52,838, while the total of the city and surrounding metropolitan area was 98,461. Grand Forks, along with its twin city of East Grand Forks, Minnesota, forms the center of the Grand Forks, ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is often called Greater Grand Forks or the Grand Cities.\nLocated on the western banks of the north-flowing Red River of the North, in a flat region known as the Red River Valley, the city is prone to flooding. The Red River Flood of 1997 devastated the city. Originally called Les Grandes Fourches by French fur traders from Canada, who had long worked and lived in the region, steamboat captain Alexander Griggs platted a community after being forced to winter there. The Grand Forks post office was established in 1870, and the town was incorporated on February 22, 1881. The city was named for its location at the fork of the Red River and the Red Lake River.Historically dependent on local agriculture, the city's economy now encompasses higher education, defense, health care, manufacturing, food processing, and scientific research. Grand Forks is served by Grand Forks International Airport and Grand Forks Air Force Base. The city's University of North Dakota is the oldest institution of higher education in the state. The Alerus Center and Ralph Engelstad Arena host athletic and other events, while the Empire Arts Center and Chester Fritz Auditorium are the city's largest cultural venues.", "Q262354": "Taraneh Javanbakht (Persian: \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u062e\u062a\u200e, born 12 May 1974) is an Iranian scientist and polymath.\n\n", "Q23438": "Ashgabat (Turkmen: A\u015fgabat, pronounced [\u0251\u0283\u0281\u0251\u02c8b\u0251t]), formerly named Poltoratsk (Russian: \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0446\u043a, IPA: [p\u0259lt\u0250\u02c8ratsk]) between 1919 and 1927, is the capital and the largest city of Turkmenistan. It is situated between the Karakum Desert and the Kopet Dag mountain range in Central Asia.\nThe city was founded in 1881, and made the capital of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924. Much of the city was destroyed by the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake but has since seen extensively rebuilt under the rule of Saparmurat Niyazov\u2019s \u201cWhite City\u201d urban renewal project, resulting in monumental projects sheathed in costly white marble. The Soviet-era Karakum Canal runs through the city, carrying waters from the Amu Darya from east to west.\n\n", "Q97823": "Ferdinand Maack (1861\u20131930) was a German doctor, inventor and occultist. He invented Raumschach, the classic 3D chess game, first described by him in the Frankfurter Zeitung in 1907. He promoted the game with demonstrations, articles, specialist magazines and several books. He founded the Hamburg Raumschach Club in 1919, which remained active until World War II.", "Q982314": "Luiz Gonzaga do Nascimento, Sr. (standard orthography 'Lu\u00eds'; Portuguese pronunciation: [lu\u02c8is \u0261\u00f5\u02c8za\u0261\u0250]; Exu, December 13, 1912 \u2013 Recife, August 2, 1989) was a Brazilian singer, songwriter, musician and poet and one of the most influential figures of Brazilian popular music in the twentieth century. He has been credited for having presented the rich universe of Northeastern musical genres to all of Brazil, having created the musical genre bai\u00e3o and has been called a \"revolutionary\" by Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Jobim. According to Caetano Veloso, he was the first significant cultural event with mass appeal in Brazil. Luiz Gonzaga received the Shell prize for Brazilian Popular Music in 1984 and was only the fourth artist to receive this prize after Pixinguinha, Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Jobim and Dorival Caymmi. The Luiz Gonzaga Dam was named in his honor.Gonzaga's son, Luiz Gonzaga do Nascimento Jr, known as Gonzaguinha (1945\u201391), was also a noted Brazilian singer and composer.\n\n", "Q90194": "Ernst Otto Schlick (16 June 1840, Grimma - 10 April 1913, Hamburg) was a German naval engineer. He tried to solve the problem of rolling of ships at sea by installing large gyroscopes. The gyroscopic \"stabilizers\" gave disappointing or dangerous results in practice. An Englishman before him in 1868, Henry Bessemer had tried to use hydraulics and a spirit level watched by the steersman to stabilize ship rolls, also with dangerous results.\nThe gyroscopic stabilizer idea was later developed further by the US American inventor Elmer Ambrose Sperry but this system could hold the ship at an extreme angle for prolonged periods. By the time these stabilizers were abandoned, gyroscopes had already found their place in ship navigation as gyrocompasses and in control systems.", "Q437640": "Jill Marie Schoelen (born March 21, 1963) is an American actress. She is best known for The Stepfather, The Phantom of the Opera, Popcorn, Rich Girl, When a Stranger Calls Back, and Cutting Class. For her numerous horror film appearances, she is widely regarded as a scream queen.", "Q151040": "Patriarch Alexy II (or Alexius II, Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0445 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0439 II; secular name Aleksei Mikhailovich Ridiger Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0438\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0433\u0435\u0440; 23 February 1929 \u2013 5 December 2008) was the 15th Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus', the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church.\nElected Patriarch of Moscow eighteen months prior to the fall of the Soviet Union, he became the first Russian Patriarch of the post-Soviet period.", "Q438573": "William Henry Vanderbilt III (November 24, 1901 \u2013 April 14, 1981) was Governor of Rhode Island and a member of the wealthy and socially prominent Vanderbilt family.\n\n", "Q339344": "Arthur \"Art\" Metrano (born September 22, 1936) is an American actor and comedian, best known for his role as Lt./Capt./Cmdt. Mauser in Police Academy 2 and Police Academy 3.", "Q222770": "French Postcards is a 1979 romantic-comedy film starring Miles Chapin, Blanche Baker, David Marshall Grant, Val\u00e9rie Quennessen, Debra Winger, Mandy Patinkin, Marie-France Pisier and Jean Rochefort about a group of American exchange students who spend a year studying in Paris. Madame Catherine Tessier (Marie-France Pisier), who with her husband, Monsieur Tessier (Jean Rochefort), directs and teaches at \"The Institute\", takes special interest in Alex (David Marshall Grant), whose ambition is to experience Parisian life; Madame Tessier's interest extends beyond the classroom and into her bedroom. Debra Winger and Mandy Patinkin co-star in this comic, coming-of-age tale co-written by American Graffiti screenwriters Gloria Katz and Willard Huyck, who also directs.", "Q875788": "The University of Innsbruck (German: Leopold-Franzens-Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck; Latin: Universitas Leopoldino Franciscea) is a public university in Innsbruck, the capital of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol, founded in 1669.\nIt is currently the largest education facility in the Austrian Bundesland of Tirol, the third largest in Austria behind Vienna University and the University of Graz and according to The Times Higher Education Supplement World Ranking 2010 Austria's leading university. Significant contributions have been made in many branches, most of all in the physics department. Further, regarding the number of Web of Science-listed publications, it occupies the third rank worldwide in the area of mountain research. In the Handelsblatt Ranking 2015, the business administration faculty ranks among the 15 best business administration faculties in German-speaking countries.", "Q657118": "Riddarholm Church (Swedish: Riddarholmskyrkan) is the church of a former medieval abbey in Stockholm, Sweden. The church serves as the final resting place of most Swedish monarchs. Riddarholm Church is located on the island of Riddarholmen, close to the Royal Palace in Stockholm, Sweden. The congregation was dissolved in 1807 and today the church is used only for burial and commemorative purposes. Swedish monarchs from Gustavus Adolphus (d. 1632 AD) to Gustaf V (d. 1950) are entombed here (with only one exception: Queen Christina who is buried within St. Peter's Basilica in Rome), as well as the earlier monarchs Magnus III (d. 1290) and Charles VIII (d. 1470). It has been discontinued as a royal burial site in favor of the Royal Cemetery and today is run by departments of the Swedish Government and Royal Court.It is one of the oldest buildings in Stockholm, parts of it dating to the late-13th century, when it was built as a greyfriars monastery. After the Protestant Reformation, the monastery was closed and the building transformed into a Protestant church. A spire designed by Flemish architect Willem Boy (1520\u20131592) was added during the reign of John III, but it was destroyed by a lightning strike on July 28, 1835 after which it was replaced with the present cast iron spire.\nCoats of arms of knights of the Royal Order of the Seraphim are on the walls of the church. When a knight of the Order dies, his coat of arms is hung in the church and when the funeral takes place the church's bells are rung without pause from 12:00 to 13:00.", "Q182218": "Marvel's The Avengers (classified under the name Marvel Avengers Assemble in the United Kingdom and Ireland), or simply The Avengers, is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the sixth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson, and Jeremy Renner as the Avengers, alongside Tom Hiddleston, Clark Gregg, Cobie Smulders, Stellan Skarsg\u00e5rd, and Samuel L. Jackson. In the film, Nick Fury and the spy agency S.H.I.E.L.D. recruit Tony Stark, Steve Rogers, Bruce Banner, and Thor to form a team capable of stopping Thor's brother Loki from subjugating Earth.\nThe film's development began when Marvel Studios received a loan from Merrill Lynch in April 2005. After the success of the film Iron Man in May 2008, Marvel announced that The Avengers would be released in July 2011 and would bring together Tony Stark (Downey), Steve Rogers (Evans), Bruce Banner (Ruffalo), and Thor (Hemsworth) from Marvel's previous films. With the signing of Johansson as Natasha Romanoff in March 2009, the film was pushed back for a 2012 release. Whedon was brought on board in April 2010 and rewrote the original screenplay by Zak Penn. Production began in April 2011 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, before moving to Cleveland, Ohio, in August and New York City in September. The film features more than 2,200 visual effects shots.\nThe Avengers premiered at Hollywood's El Capitan Theatre on April 11, 2012, and was released in the United States on May 4, as the last film of Phase One of the MCU. It received praise for Whedon's direction and screenplay, visual effects, action sequences, acting, and musical score, and garnered numerous awards and nominations including Academy Award and BAFTA nominations for achievements in visual effects. The film grossed over $1.5 billion worldwide, setting numerous box office records and becoming the third-highest-grossing film of all time as well as the highest-grossing film of 2012. It is the first Marvel production to generate $1 billion in ticket sales. In 2017, The Avengers was featured as one of the 100 greatest films of all time in an Empire magazine poll. Three sequels have been released, Avengers: Age of Ultron in 2015, Avengers: Infinity War in 2018, and Avengers: Endgame in 2019.", "Q32535": "That's My Boy is a 2012 American satirical comedy film directed by Sean Anders and starring Adam Sandler and Andy Samberg. The film follows Donny (Sandler), a middle aged alcoholic who once enjoyed celebrity status for being at the center of a teacher-student sexual abuse case, as he tries to rekindle his relationship with his adult son Todd (Samberg), born as the result of sexual abuse, in hopes that their reunion will earn him enough money to avoid going to prison for tax evasion.\nThe film was released on June 15, 2012, by Columbia Pictures, and despite a sizable budget for a comedy film and a cast made of well known actors, comedians, and celebrities, the film was both a critical and financial failure, grossing just $57 million against a $70 million budget. Further damaging the film's financial health was accusations of homophobic and misogynistic writing and criticism for its comedic treatment of child sexual abuse, rape, incest, and child neglect. Film critic Richard Roeper gave the film an F, calling it \"an ugly, tasteless, deadly and mean-spirited piece of filmmaking,\" and would later call it the worst film of 2012. John Hanlon of Rotten Tomatoes certified it rotten, saying it was \"easily the worst movie of 2012.\" Some consider it to be one of the worst films ever made.", "Q1567272": "Austin \"Jack\" Warner (born 26 January 1943) is a Trinidad and Tobago politician, businessman, and former football executive. Warner was Vice President of FIFA and President of CONCACAF until his suspension and eventual resignation from these roles in 2011. He is also the former Minister of National Security of Trinidad and Tobago and was an elected member of the country's parliament from 2007 to 2015. A former history teacher, he is the owner of Joe Public F.C., a professional football club in Tunapuna, Trinidad and Tobago.Warner had been a member of the FIFA Executive Committee since 1983 and CONCACAF President since 1990. He was re-elected for a new term in 2011. Warner was implicated in numerous corruption allegations dating back to the 1980s. On 29 May 2011, Warner and Mohammed bin Hammam were provisionally suspended by the FIFA Ethics Committee pending the outcome of the investigation of corruption allegations against them. On 20 June 2011, FIFA announced Warner's resignation from all his positions in international football.On 18 April 2013, The Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) published its Integrity Committee report into Warner, concluding that he had committed fraud against CONCACAF and FIFA. In 2015, Warner (along with several other FIFA officials who were arrested in Zurich before the annual FIFA Congress) was charged in the United States with \"wire fraud, racketeering, and money laundering.\" Warner is facing extradition to the United States for criminal prosecution. On 29 September 2015, the adjudicatory chamber of the Ethics Committee, chaired by Hans-Joachim Eckert, decided to ban him from taking part in any kind of football-related activity at national and international level for life.\n\n", "Q1988428": "Avex Trax (\u30a8\u30a4\u30d9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9 \u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30b9, Eibekkusu Torakkusu) is a record label owned by Japanese entertainment conglomerate Avex Group. The label was launched in September 1990, and was the first label by the Group.", "Q108653": "Ludwig Christian Erk (6 January 1807, Wetzlar \u2013 25 November 1883, Berlin) was a German musicologist, music teacher, academic, composer and folk-song collector.", "Q317907": "Abdurauf Fitrat (sometimes spelled Abdulrauf Fitrat or Abdurrauf Fitrat) (Uzbek: Abdurauf Fitrat / \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0444 \u0424\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442) (1886 \u2013 4 October 1938) was an author, journalist and politician in Central Asia under Russian and Soviet rule. He was a jadid reformer and made major contributions to modern Uzbek literature with both lyric and prose in Persian, Turki, and late Chagatay. After the end of the Emirate of Bukhara he accepted several posts in the government of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic before being executed without a trial during Stalin's Great Purge. After his death, his work was banned for decades, but is now being claimed by both Tajiks and Uzbeks.", "Q185211": "Manuel Rivera-Ortiz (born December 23, 1968) is a stateside Puerto Rican photographer. He is best known for his social documentary photography of people's living conditions in less developed nations. Rivera-Ortiz lives in Rochester, New York, in New York City and in Zurich.", "Q72677": "Sergei Aleksandrovich Buturlin (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0443\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043b\u0438\u043d); 22 September 1872 in Montreux \u2013 22 January 1938 in Moscow was a Russian ornithologist.\nA scion of one of the oldest families of Russian nobility, Buturlin spent most his life in Russia. He went to school in Simbirsk (modern Ulyanovsk) and studied jurisprudence in St. Petersburg, but his interest in zoology was so strong that he spent most of his career collecting specimens across Russia and Siberia and describing the results of his observations. Until 1892 he collected in the Volga region, then in the Baltic region; from 1900 to 1902 on the islands of Kolguyev and Novaya Zemlya. Between 1904 and 1906 he took part in an expedition to the Kolyma River in Siberia, and in 1909 he visited the Altay Mountains, and he made his final expedition in 1925 on the Chukchi Peninsula.\nHe published many important work on the taxonomy and distribution of the palaearctic birds, including:\n\nThe Birds of the Kolguyev Island and Novaya Zemlya and the lower part of the Darna (1901)\nThe Birds of the Simbirsk Government (1906)\nThe Birds of the Yenisseisk District (1911, with Arkady Yakovlevich Tugarinov (1880\u20131948))\nA series of manuscripts over the birds of the Far East (1909\u20131917)\nComplete Synopsis of the Birds of the USSR, in three volumes\nAn article on his discovery the breeding places of Ross's gull (Rhodostethia rosea) in northeast SiberiaIn 1918 he joined the zoological museum of the University of Moscow, and in 1924 he donated his collection of palaearctic birds.\nIn 1906 Buturlin became a foreign member of the British Ornithologists' Union; in 1907 he became a corresponding member of the American Ornithologists' Union. He was a pioneer in Russia of the study of the diversity of species and described more than 200 new species of bird.", "Q383814": "The Mouse on the Moon is a 1963 British comedy film, the sequel to The Mouse That Roared. It is an adaptation of the 1962 novel The Mouse on the Moon by Irish author Leonard Wibberley, and was directed by Richard Lester. In it, the people of the Duchy of Grand Fenwick, a microstate in Europe, attempt space flight using wine as a propellant. It satirises the space race, Cold War and politics.\nPeter Sellers, who had played three roles in the first film, did not return for this sequel and was replaced by Margaret Rutherford, Ron Moody and Bernard Cribbins. Likewise Leo McKern did not replay his role of Benter; this part was played by Roddy McMillan. The film also featured June Ritchie and Terry-Thomas, with David Kossoff reprising his role as Professor Kokintz.", "Q1229352": "Jean Patou (pronounced [\u0292\u0251\u0303 pa.tu]; 27 September 1887 \u2013 8 March 1936) was a French fashion designer and founder of the Jean Patou brand.", "Q127868": "Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran (17 January 1917 \u2013 24 December 1987), popularly known as M.G.R, was an Indian politician and film actor who served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for ten years between 1977 and 1987. He is a cultural icon in the state and is regarded as one of the most influential actors of Tamil cinema. He was popularly known as \"Makkal Thilagam\" (People's King) as he was popular with the masses. He was a philanthropist and a humanitarian icon.In his youth, Ramachandran and his elder brother M. G. Chakrapani became members of a drama troupe to support their family. Influenced by Gandhian ideals, MGR joined the Indian National Congress. After a few years of acting in plays, he made his film debut in the 1936 film Sathi Leelavathi in a supporting role. By the late 1940s, he graduated to the lead roles and for the next three decades dominated the Tamil film industry. He became a member of the C. N. Annadurai-led Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK party) and rapidly rose through its ranks, using his enormous popularity as a film star to build a large political base. In 1972, three years after Annadurai's death, he left the DMK, then led by Karunanidhi, MGR's once friend and now rival, to form his own party\u2014the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). Five years later, he steered an AIADMK-led alliance to victory in the 1977 election, routing the DMK in the process. He became Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, the first film actor to become a chief minister in India. Except for a six-month interregnum in 1980, when his government was overthrown by the Union government, he remained as chief minister till his death in 1987, leading the AIADMK to two more electoral triumphs in 1980 and 1984.Ramachandran's autobiography Naan Yaen Piranthaen (Why I was Born) was published in 2003 in two volumes.", "Q467711": "The South West Africa People\u2019s Organisation (SWAPO) () (German: S\u00fcdwestafrikanische Volksorganisation, SWAVO; Afrikaans: Suidwes-Afrikaanse Volks Organisasie, SWAVO), officially known as SWAPO Party of Namibia, is a political party and former independence movement in Namibia. It has been the governing party in Namibia since the country achieved independence in 1990. The party continues to be dominated in number and influence by the Ovambo ethnic group.\nSWAPO has held a two-thirds majority in parliament from 1994 to 2019. In the general election held in November 2019, the party won 65.5% of the popular vote and 63 out of the 104 seats in the National Assembly. It also holds 40 out of the 42 seats in the National Council. As of November 2017, Namibian President Hage Geingob has been the president of SWAPO after being elected to the position at the party's electoral congress.", "Q361649": "Algernod Lanier Washington (born July 1, 1976), better known by his stage name Plies, is an American rapper and songwriter. He is the founder of Big Gates Records. Born in Fort Myers, Florida, Washington was a wide receiver on the football team of Miami University in Ohio in 1996 and 1997 before he became a rapper. After dropping out of college, he founded Big Gates with his stepbrother. Signed to Slip-n-Slide Records, from 2007 to 2008 he released three albums. Plies debuted in 2007 with The Real Testament with successful singles \"Shawty\" and \"Hypnotized\". Plies also released two albums in 2008, Definition of Real and Da REAList, and later released Goon Affiliated in 2010.\n\n", "Q376335": "Mikhail Alexandrovich Ulyanov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432; 20 November 1927 \u2013 26 March 2007) was a Soviet and Russian actor who was one of the most recognized persons of the post-World War II Soviet theatre and cinema. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1969 and a Hero of Socialist Labour in 1986 and received a special prize from the Venice Film Festival in 1982.", "Q1900112": "Mark Hummel (born December 15, 1955) is an American Grammy Award nominated and Blues Music Award winning blues harmonica player, vocalist, songwriter, and long-time bandleader of the Blues Survivors. Since 1991, Hummel has produced the Blues Harmonica Blowout tour, of which he is also a featured performer. The shows have featured blues harmonica players such as James Cotton, Carey Bell, John Mayall and Charlie Musselwhite. Although he is typically identified as performing West Coast blues, Hummel is also proficient in Delta blues, Chicago blues, swing and jazz styles. Hummel also plays with the Golden State Lone Star Revue (a Texas/California supergroup), Mark Hummel & Deep Basement Shakers (a jug band trio), as well as the current addition of the Blues Survivors.\n\n", "Q944541": "From First to Last is an American post-hardcore band based in the Los Angeles Area and Tampa, Florida. Formed by Matt Good, Scott Oord, and Parker Nelms in November 1999, the current line-up consists of Good (lead guitar), Sonny Moore (lead vocals), Travis Richter (rhythm guitar), and Derek Bloom (drums).\nThe band released their first EP titled Aesthetic in 2003 which they recorded with founding member and vocalist Phillip Reardon who left the band in 2004 due to personal and creative differences. Dear Diary, My Teen Angst Has a Body Count followed in 2004 and Heroine in 2006, both with Moore.\nFollowing the departure of Moore in February 2007 to work on his solo electronic project, Skrillex, the band added permanent bassist Matt Manning, and Good moved to lead vocals/guitar. Their third self-titled studio album was released in 2008 on Suretone Records. In August 2009 the band signed to Rise Records. In late 2009, Richter left the band. Their fourth studio album, Throne to the Wolves was released on March 16, 2010. On July 28, 2010, the band entered a hiatus.\nIn November 2013, the band re-formed, with Periphery vocalist Spencer Sotelo as the new lead vocalist, as well as Richter rejoining the band. They released their fifth album Dead Trees in August 2015. Sotelo departed the band in July 2016. Former vocalist Sonny Moore rejoined the band in January 2017 and they are currently working on their sixth studio album.", "Q362340": "Theodor Leschetizky (22 June 1830 \u2013 14 November 1915) (sometimes spelled Leschetitzky, in Polish: Teodor Leszetycki) was a Polish pianist, professor and composer born in \u0141a\u0144cut, then Landshut in the kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, also known as Austrian Poland, a crownland of the Habsburg Monarchy.", "Q464218": "Connie Smith (born Constance June Meador; August 14, 1941) is an American country music artist. Discovered in 1963, Smith signed with RCA Victor Records the following year and remained with the label until 1973. Her debut single \"Once a Day\" reached number one on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in November 1964 and remained at the top position for eight weeks. The song became Smith's biggest hit and was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Best Female Country Vocal Performance. Smith's success continued through 1960s and mid 1970s with 19 more top-ten hits (including \"Then and Only Then\"; \"Ain't Had No Lovin'\"; \"Cincinnati, Ohio\"; \"I Never Once Stopped Loving You\"; and \"Ain't Love a Good Thing\") on the country songs chart.\nIn the early 1970s, Smith began recording Gospel music more frequently as she became more serious in her Christianity. As she focused more heavily on religion, Smith became known for her outspoken religious demeanor at concerts and music venues. At the same time, Smith spent more time raising her five children than focusing on music. She eventually went into semi-retirement in 1979. Smith would return to recording briefly in the mid 1980s with Epic Records. However, it was not until her collaboration with Marty Stuart in the 1990s that she returned permanently. Their musical friendship would turn romantic, leading to their marriage in 1997. The pairing led to Smith's first studio album in 20 years, Connie Smith. Critically acclaimed, Smith began performing again and has since recorded two more studio albums.\nSmith has been nominated for 11 Grammy Awards, including eight nominations for Best Female Country Vocal Performance. She has also been nominated for 1 Academy of Country Music award and 3 Country Music Association awards. Rolling Stone included her on their list of the 100 greatest country music artists and CMT ranked her among the top ten in their list of the 40 greatest women of country music. She has been a member of the Grand Ole Opry cast since 1965. In 2012, Smith was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame.", "Q6304273": "Pirkanmaa (formerly H\u00e4me North) is a Finnish constituency represented in eduskunta. It covers the administrative region of Pirkanmaa, with a population of 453,978 (as of 2002). Pirkanmaa currently elects 18 members of the Eduskunta.\nThe constituency is largely urban, centred on the traditionally working-class city of Tampere. The largest party in the parliamentary elections has been the Social Democratic Party of Finland, although it has as many seats as the conservative National Coalition.", "Q731289": "Josep Irla i Bosch (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bp \u02c8i\u027el\u0259 j \u02c8\u03b2\u0254sk]; 24 October 1874 \u2013 19 September 1958) was a Catalan businessman and politician.\nHe was a deputy in the Parliament of Catalonia and the Spanish Congress in 1932, as an Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya affiliate. He was also the last President of Parliament of Catalonia at the end of Republican Catalan resistance in the Spanish Civil War, before Francisco Franco abolished the Generalitat of Catalonia. He was elected President of the Parliament of Catalonia on 1 October 1938.\nIn office, Irla pushed for cooperation with the allies, Basque nationalists and other anti-Francoist groups, though excluding the communists.\nHe became the President-in-exile of the Generalitat after Llu\u00eds Companys was executed.\nDuring his time as President-in-exile, he established a Government in exile, and appointed Josep Tarradellas as Conseller en Cap (Prime Minister). He resigned as President in 1954.", "Q84687": "Sven Giegold (born 17 November 1969) is a German politician and member of the European Parliament from Germany. He is a member of the Alliance 90/The Greens, part of the European Green Party.\nHe is a founding member of Attac Germany. He became a member of the Greens only in 2008, and was elected to the European Parliament in the 2009 elections.", "Q602131": "The Independent Democratic Union (Uni\u00f3n Dem\u00f3crata Independiente, UDI) is a Chilean right-wing, conservative political party, founded in 1983. Its founder was the lawyer, politician and law professor Jaime Guzm\u00e1n, a civilian who collaborated with Augusto Pinochet. Guzm\u00e1n was a senator from 1990 until his assassination on April 1, 1991.\nIts ideological origins date back to Guzm\u00e1n's Guildist Movement, born out of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile in 1966, espousing the independence and depoliticization of intermediate bodies of civil society. The UDI is today a conservative political party with strong links to the Opus Dei, that opposes abortion.UDI, together with National Renewal (RN) and other minor movements, formed a coalition of right-wing parties called Coalition for Change, which is the successor to Alliance for Chile and rose to power in March 2010, after victory in the presidential elections of January 2010. It was the largest political party in Congress between 2010 and 2014.\nIn the 2009 Chilean parliamentary election, UDI held the largest plurality in the election of deputies, electing 40 deputies (one third of the House) with 23.04% (1,507,001 votes), and got 21.21% (369,594 votes) in the election of senators. Its bench is the largest obtained by a single party in Chile since 1990. UDI currently has 39 deputies and 8 senators.\nIn the 2008 Chilean municipal election, UDI got 347 councilmen (16.16% of councilmen) by a vote of 15.11%, and obtained 58 mayors (16.81% of mayors) by a vote of 20.05%. That year, it was the largest party by elected councilmen and the most voted for party in the election of councilmen. Also, UDI is the second largest party by number of mayors in Chile (only one mayor less than Partido Dem\u00f3crata Cristiano de Chile).", "Q70060": "August Heinrich Julius Lafontaine (5 October 1758 \u2013 20 April 1831) was a German novelist.\n\n", "Q728900": "Roland Duch\u00e2telet (French: [dy\u0283\u0251tl\u025b]; born 14 November 1946) is a Belgian businessman. He is the owner of football clubs: Carl Zeiss Jena and \u00dajpest \nHe previously owned Standard Liege which he sold in early 2015, Sint-Truidense, which he sold in 2017, AD Alcorc\u00f3n, which he sold in 2019 and Charlton Athletic, which he sold in 2020.\nHe is the founder of the social-liberal political party Vivant in Belgium.\n\n", "Q859504": "Walter Horton, better known as Big Walter (Horton) or Walter \"Shakey\" Horton (April 6, 1921 \u2013 December 8, 1981) was an American blues harmonica player. A quiet, unassuming, shy man, he is remembered as one of the premier harmonica players in the history of blues. Willie Dixon once called Horton \"the best harmonica player I ever heard.\"Robert Palmer named him as \"one of the three great harmonica soloists of modern blues\", with the two others being cited as Little Walter and Sonny Boy Williamson II.", "Q517584": "S\u00f8ren Nystr\u00f8m Rasted (born S\u00f8ren Rasted on 13 June 1969 in Blovstr\u00f8d, Denmark) is a Danish musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. He plays keyboard, guitar and sings backing vocals. He is one of the four members of Danish eurodance group Aqua, and was married to the Aqua vocalist Lene Nystr\u00f8m.\nOn 25 August 2001, Rasted married fellow Aqua band member Lene Nystr\u00f8m, with the ceremony being held in Las Vegas. In 2004 the couple moved to Denmark from London. Together, they have a daughter, India, and a son, Billy.\nIt was reported in April 2017 that the couple were divorcing after 16 years of marriage.", "Q345927": "Peter Kooij (or, internationally Kooy, born 1954, in Soest) is a Dutch bass singer who specializes in baroque music.", "Q249884": "Saint-Pierre (French pronunciation: \u200b[s\u025b\u0303.pj\u025b\u0281]) is the third-largest commune in the French overseas department of R\u00e9union. Located on the southwest side of the island, it is the capital of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.", "Q3630": "Jakarta (; Indonesian pronunciation: [d\u0292a\u02c8karta] (listen)), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Situated on the northwest coast of the world's most populous island of Java, it is the centre of economy, culture and politics of Indonesia with a population of more than ten million as of 2014. Although Jakarta only covers 699.5 square kilometres (270.1 sq mi), the smallest among any Indonesian provinces, its metropolitan area covers 6,392 square kilometres (2,468 sq mi); it is the world's second most populous urban area after Tokyo, with a population of about 30 million as of 2010. Jakarta's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, have attracted migrants from across the Indonesian archipelago, making it a melting pot of numerous cultures. Jakarta is nicknamed the \"Big Durian\", the thorny strongly-odored fruit native to the region, as the city is seen as the Indonesian equivalent of New York (Big Apple).Established in the fourth century as Sunda Kelapa, the city became an important trading port for the Sunda Kingdom. It was the de facto capital of the Dutch East Indies when it was known as Batavia. Jakarta is officially a province with special capital region status, though it is commonly referred to as a city. Its provincial government consists of five administrative cities and one administrative regency. Jakarta is an alpha world city and is the seat of the ASEAN secretariat, making it an important city for international diplomacy. Financial institutions such as the Bank of Indonesia, Indonesia Stock Exchange, and corporate headquarters of numerous Indonesian companies and multinational corporations are located in the city. Jakarta has grown more rapidly than Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok and Beijing. In 2017, the city's GRP PPP was estimated at US$483.4 billion.Jakarta's prime challenges include rapid urban growth, ecological breakdown, gridlocked traffic, congestion, and flooding. Additionally, Jakarta is sinking up to 17 cm (6.7 inches) per year, which, coupled with the rising of sea levels, has made the city more prone to flooding. It is also one of the fastest-sinking capitals in the world. In August 2019, President Joko Widodo announced a move of the capital to the province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo.", "Q981190": "Yury Osipovich Dombrovsky (Russian: \u042e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) (May 12, 1909 - May 29, 1978) was a Russian writer who spent nearly eighteen years in Soviet prison camps and exile.", "Q975777": "Camille-Ernest Labrousse (Barbezieux, Poitou-Charente, 16 March 1895 \u2013 24 May 1988, Paris) was a French historian specializing in social and economic history.", "Q303999": "Happy Birthday to Me is a 1981 psychological horror thriller film directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Melissa Sue Anderson and Glenn Ford. Its plot revolves around six brutal murders occurring around a popular high school senior's birthday.\nFilmed primarily in Canada and upstate New York, Happy Birthday to Me was distributed by Columbia Pictures, and released theatrically in North America in the spring of 1981.\nThe film was released on May 15, 1981. While reception was generally negative, it has since achieved a cult following.\nWhile not prosecuted for obscenity, the film was seized and confiscated in the UK under Section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 during the video nasty panic.", "Q57434": "V\u00e1clav Klaus (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8va\u02d0tslaf \u02c8klaus]; born 19 June 1941) is a Czech economist and politician who served as the second President of the Czech Republic from 2003 to 2013. From July 1992 until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in January 1993 he served as the second and last Prime Minister of the Czech Republic while it was a federal subject of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic, and then as the first Prime Minister of the newly-independent Czech Republic from 1993 to 1998.\nKlaus was the principal co-founder of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), a Czech free-market Eurosceptic political party. His presidency was marked by numerous controversies over his strong views on a number of issues, from global warming denial to euroscepticism, and a wide-ranging amnesty declared in his last months of office, triggering his indictment by the Czech Senate on charges of high treason. His political views have been referred to as \"Klausism\".\n\n", "Q104082": "Ulrich Parzany (born 24 March 1941 in Essen) is a German evangelical pastor. He was Secretary-General of the German section of the YMCA and succeeded Billy Graham as leader of the evangelical organization ProChrist.", "Q3436863": "Hans Folkeson Dalborg (born 21 May 1941 in S\u00e4ter, Dalarna) is a Swedish business executive, who was chairman of the board of Nordea from 2002 to 2011.\nDalborg completed a B.A. degree in Slavic languages at Uppsala University, where he was an active member of the Juvenalorden and a member of Kruthornen, the band of the V\u00e4stmanlands-Dala nation. He later studied economics at the Stockholm School of Economics, where he completed a doctorate in 1974.He worked for the insurance company Skandia from 1972 and was Chief Executive Officer of Skandia International Insurance Corporation from 1989 until 1991, becoming President and CEO of Nordbanken AB 1991\u201397, remaining as President and Group CEO of MeritaNordbanken PLC 1998\u201399, and President and CEO of Nordea Bank AB from 2000 until 2004. He has been chairman of the board of Nordea from 2002 until 2011. Dalborg lead Nordbanken from the troubled period of the early 1990s, through the merger with the Finnish bank Merita (during which he learned Finnish) and transformation into the modern Nordea.Dalborg is chairman of the board of the Royal Swedish Opera, was appointed chairman of the consistory of Uppsala University in 2003, and elected president praeses of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences for 2005-2007, of which he has been a member since 1996.", "Q58707": "PJSC Aeroflot \u2013 Russian Airlines (Russian: \u041f\u0410\u041e \"\u0410\u044d\u0440\u043e\u0444\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0442 \u2013 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0438\u0438\", PAO Aeroflot\u2014Rossiyskiye avialinii), commonly known as Aeroflot (English: or (listen)) (Russian: \u0410\u044d\u0440\u043e\u0444\u043b\u043e\u0442, English translation: \"air fleet\", pronounced [\u0250\u025br\u0250\u02c8f\u026bot]), is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Russian Federation. The airline was founded and operated since 1923, making Aeroflot to be one of the oldest active airlines in the world. Aeroflot is headquartered in the Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow, with its hub being Sheremetyevo International Airport. The airline flies to 146 destinations in 52 countries, excluding codeshared services.\nFrom its inception to the early 1990s, Aeroflot was the flag carrier and a state-owned enterprise of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR/Soviet Union), a predecessor of Russia. During this time, Aeroflot grew its fleet to over five thousand domestically-made aircraft and expanded to operate a domestic and international flight network of over three thousand destinations throughout the Soviet Union and the globe, therefore making the airline the largest in the world at the time. In addition to passenger flights, Aeroflot also committed to doing freight operations and serving the state through transportation and military assistance. With the largest fleet comes a large burden, as Aeroflot was involved in numerous accidents and incidents during its operations compared to any other airline. Following the dissolution of the USSR, the carrier was restructured into an open joint-stock company and embarked on a radical transformation process, with Aeroflot shrinking the fleet dramatically while at the same time purchasing Western aircraft and newer domestic models and focusing on expanding its international market and later its domestic market.\nBy the end of 2017, Aeroflot controlled roughly 40% of the air market in Russia. Aeroflot owns Rossiya Airlines \u2013 an airline based in Saint Petersburg, Pobeda \u2013 a low-cost carrier, and 51% of airline Aurora, based in the Russian Far East. Altogether, Aeroflot and its subsidiaries own 359 aircraft as of 31 December 2019, composed mainly of Airbus, Boeing, and domestic models such as the Sukhoi Superjet 100. Aeroflot also formerly had a cargo subsidiary named Aeroflot-Cargo, though the branch later merged with the parent airline.Aeroflot became a member of SkyTeam in April 2006, making it the first carrier in the former Soviet Union to do so. As of March 2020, the Russian Government owns 51% of Aeroflot through the Federal Agency for State Property Management, with the rest of the shares being free-floating.", "Q442552": "Ernst Karl Falkbeer (June 27, 1819 \u2013 December 14, 1885) \nwas an Austrian chess master and journalist.", "Q386987": "Michelle Jeft\u00e9 Wong (born 31 December 1979), also known as Michelle J. Wong, is a Costa Rican independent activist, photographer, journalist, and writer. Wong is a columnist and international correspondent for Latin America and the world, and a leading emerging photojournalist.", "Q258989": "Roma Downey (born 6 May 1960) is an actress, producer, and author from Derry, Northern Ireland. She produced the mini-series, The Bible, for the History Channel and also starred in it, as Mary, mother of Jesus. For nine seasons she played Monica, the tender-hearted angel and employee of Tess (played by Della Reese), on the CBS television series Touched by an Angel, for which she earned multiple Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award Best Actress nominations. Born in Derry, Northern Ireland, she has performed on stage with the Abbey Theatre and has appeared both on and off Broadway. She played the leading role of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis in the miniseries for NBC, A Woman Named Jackie.\nDowney starred in and was executive producer for a number of hit television movies for the CBS network. Downey is an ambassador for Operation Smile. On August 11, 2016 Downey was honored for her work as an actress and producer with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In her acceptance speech, she dedicated her star to the people of Derry and anyone who ever \"walked Hollywood Boulevard with a dream in their hearts.\" \nAs President of Lightworkers Media, the family and faith division of MGM, Downey and her husband, Mark Burnett, produced the Emmy-nominated miniseries The Bible for History channel which was watched by over 100 million people in the United States. Downey and Burnett also executive produced the feature films, Ben-Hur starring Jack Huston, Toby Kebbell and Morgan Freeman, Son of God (2014), Little Boy, and Woodlawn. Variety recognized Downey and Burnett as \"Trailblazers\" and listed Downey as one of Variety's \"100 Most Powerful Women in Hollywood\". The Hollywood Reporter included the couple in their \"Most Influential People of 2013\" and Downey as one of the \"100 Women in Entertainment Power\" in 2014. She was honored on Variety's \"Women of Impact in 2014\". Downey and Burnett also produced The Dovekeepers based on the best selling book by Alice Hoffman for CBS and A.D. The Bible Continues for NBC, Women of the Bible for Lifetime, and Answered Prayers for TLC. Downey is executive producer of the documentary \"Faithkeepers\" about the persecution of Christians in the Middle East.", "Q405619": "Phani Sarma (1910\u20131970) was an Indian theatre actor, playwright, film actor and director. Beginning as a stage actor, he appeared in the first film ever made in Assamese cinema, Joymati, in 1935.\nHe acted in and directed Siraj in 1948 and Pioli Phukan in 1955.\n\n", "Q95761": "Nikolaus Brender (born 24 January 1949) is a German journalist. He was the commissiong editor of the German public broadcasting station ZDF between 2000 and 2010.\n\n", "Q1347312": "Marlon Williams (born September 30, 1962), better known by his stage name Marley Marl, is an American DJ, record producer, rapper and record label founder, primarily operating in hip hop music. Marlon grew up in Queensbridge housing projects located in Queens New York. He is credited with influencing a number of hip hop icons such as RZA, DJ Premier, and Pete Rock. He was also featured on Eric B. & Rakim's \"Paid In Full\" from their debut album which was also recorded in his studio. As a producer, one notable project was LL Cool J's Mama Said Knock You Out. Marley Marl became interested in music, by performing in local talent shows, during the early days of rap music. He caught his big break in 1984, with artist Roxanne Shante's hit Roxanne's Revenge. Marley Marl is also responsible for starting the hip hop collective Juice Crew alongside DJ Mr. Magic.", "Q1149393": "Kansai University (\u95a2\u897f\u5927\u5b66, Kansai Daigaku), abbreviated as Kandai (\u95a2\u5927), or Kansaidai (\u95a2\u897f\u5927), is a private non-sectarian and coeducational university located in Suita, Osaka, Japan and in two other locations: Sakai and Takatsuki, Osaka. Founded in 1886, it is the old-education-system universities in Japan and one of western Japan's four leading private universities. (Kan-Kan-Do-Ritsu \u95a2\u95a2\u540c\u7acb Kansai University, Kwansei Gakuin University, Doshisha University, and Ritsumeikan University.) The athletic teams at Kansai University are known as the Kaisers and are primarily members of the Kansai Big 6. The Kansai-Kwansei Gakuin rivalry is a college rivalry between two universities located in Kansai, Japan.\n\n", "Q122723": "Osaka Prefecture (\u5927\u962a\u5e9c, \u014csaka-fu, pronounced [o\u02d0saka \u0278\u026f]) is a prefecture located in the Kansai region on Honshu, the main island of Japan. The capital is the city of Osaka. It is the center of Keihanshin area. Osaka is one of the two \"urban prefectures\" (\u5e9c, fu) of Japan, Kyoto being the other (Tokyo became a \"metropolitan prefecture\", or to, in 1941).", "Q85572": "Wolfgang Kreissl-D\u00f6rfler (born 1 December 1950 in Augsburg) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2014. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Socialist Group.\nDuring his time in parliament, Kreissl-D\u00f6rfler sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was also a substitute for the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and a member of the Delegation for relations with the United States.", "Q352268": "Yvon Chouinard (born November 9, 1938) is an American rock climber, environmentalist, and outdoor industry billionaire businessman. His company, Patagonia, is known for its environmental focus.\nChouinard is also a surfer, kayaker, and falconer and is particularly fond of tenkara fly-fishing. He has written about climbing issues and ethics and on mixing environmentalism and business.", "Q108860": "Gabriele Heinen-Kljajic (born 28 May 1962 in Gem\u00fcnd) is a German politician for the Alliance '90/The Greens.", "Q1452550": "Fredrick Malcolm Waring Sr. (June 9, 1900 \u2013 July 29, 1984) was a musician, bandleader, and radio and television personality, sometimes referred to as \"America's Singing Master\" and \"The Man Who Taught America How to Sing\". He was also a promoter, financial backer and eponym of the Waring Blendor, the first modern electric blender on the market.", "Q1027": "Mauritius ( (listen) m\u0259-RISH-(ee-)\u0259s, maw-; French: Maurice [m\u0254\u0281is, mo\u0281is] (listen); Creole: Moris [mo\u0281is]), officially the Republic of Mauritius is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) off the south-east coast of the African continent. The country includes the islands of Mauritius, Rodrigues, Agal\u00e9ga and St. Brandon. The islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues form part of the Mascarene Islands, along with nearby R\u00e9union, a French overseas department. The capital and largest city, Port Louis, is located on the main island of Mauritius. The country is 2,040 square kilometres (790 sq mi) in area, while its Exclusive Economic Zone covers 2.3 million square kilometres.In 1598, the Dutch took possession of Mauritius, abandoning the island in 1710; the French took control in 1715, renaming it Isle de France. France officially ceded Mauritius including all its dependencies to the United Kingdom (UK) through the Treaty of Paris, signed on 30 May 1814 and in which R\u00e9union was returned to France. The British colony of Mauritius consisted of the main island of Mauritius along with Rodrigues, Agalega, St Brandon, Tromelin and the Chagos Archipelago, while the Seychelles became a separate colony in 1906. The sovereignty of Tromelin is disputed between Mauritius and France as some of the islands such as St. Brandon, Chagos, Agalega and Tromelin were not specifically mentioned in the Treaty of Paris.In 1965, three years prior to the independence of Mauritius, the UK split the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritian territory, and the islands of Aldabra, Farquhar and Desroches from the Seychelles, to form the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT). The UK forcibly expelled the archipelago's local population and leased its largest island, Diego Garcia, to the United States. The UK has restricted access to the Chagos Archipelago; it has been prohibited to casual tourists, the media, and its former inhabitants. The sovereignty of the Chagos is disputed between Mauritius and the UK. In February 2019, in an advisory opinion given by the International Court of Justice on this dispute, the UK was ordered to hand back the Chagos Islands to Mauritius as rapidly as possible, in order to complete the decolonisation of Mauritius.\nThe people of Mauritius are multiethnic, multi-religious, multicultural and multilingual. The island's government is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system, and Mauritius is highly ranked for democracy and for economic and political freedom. Mauritius is categorised as \"high\" in the Human Development Index. According to the World Bank, the country has an upper-middle-income economy. Mauritius is ranked as the most competitive and one of the most developed economies in the African region. The country is a welfare state; the government provides free universal health care, free education up to tertiary level and free public transport for students, senior citizens, and the disabled. Mauritius was ranked among the safest or most peaceful countries by the Global Peace Index 2019.Along with the other Mascarene Islands, Mauritius is known for its varied flora and fauna, with many species endemic to the island. The island was the only known home of the dodo, which, along with several other avian species, was made extinct by human activities relatively shortly after the island's settlement.\nMauritius is the only country in Africa where Hinduism is the largest religion. The administration uses English as its main language.", "Q2963654": "Chimera is a British science-fiction horror television miniseries made by Anglia Television for ITV in 1991. It is based on the 1982 novel of the same name about genetic engineering by Stephen Gallagher. The theme music was \"Roisin Dubh\" by Nigel Hess and Chameleon.\nThe series was later re-edited for release in the United States, and retitled Monkey Boy.", "Q116486": "Bruno Frick (born 31 May 1953) is Swiss politician of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC). Frick has been a member of the Swiss Council of States for the Canton of Schwyz since 1991. In 2005, he was president of the Council of States.\n\n", "Q242709": "Bonnie Blair Brown (born April 23, 1946) is an American theater, film and television actress. She has had a number of high-profile roles, including in the play Copenhagen on Broadway, the leading actress in the films Altered States (1980), Continental Divide (1981) and Strapless (1989), as well as a run as the title character in the comedy-drama television series The Days and Nights of Molly Dodd, which ran from 1987 to 1991. Her later roles include Nina Sharp on the Fox television series Fringe and Judy King on the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black.", "Q765633": "Aviation is the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry. Aircraft includes fixed-wing and rotary-wing types, morphable wings, wing-less lifting bodies, as well as lighter-than-air craft such as hot air balloons and airships.\nAviation began in the 18th century with the development of the hot air balloon, an apparatus capable of atmospheric displacement through buoyancy. Some of the most significant advancements in aviation technology came with the controlled gliding flying of Otto Lilienthal in 1896; then a large step in significance came with the construction of the first powered airplane by the Wright brothers in the early 1900s. Since that time, aviation has been technologically revolutionized by the introduction of the jet which permitted a major form of transport throughout the world.", "Q370977": "Tripp Eisen (born Tod Rex Salvador; June 29, 1965), is an American musician and convicted sex offender, best known as the former guitarist of the industrial metal band Static-X. He is the guitarist for Face Without Fear and a former member of Dope, Murderdolls, Fractured Mirror (Ace Frehley tribute band), and Roughhouse (formerly Teeze)Born in Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania, Eisen has made known his libertarian views to many fans throughout his years as a musician. He is a follower of Objectivism, the philosophy of Ayn Rand.", "Q106695": "Maria Deku (March 18, 1901 in D\u00fcsseldorf \u2013 April 19, 1983 in Kleinblittersdorf) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nBetween December 1946 and February 1948 she was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.", "Q129676": "Israel Rokach, Honorary CBE (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05e8\u05d5\u05e7\u05d7\u200e; December 31, 1896 \u2013 September 13, 1959) was an Israeli politician, Knesset member, and second mayor of Tel Aviv from November 15, 1936 until April 13, 1953.", "Q179041": "Lisa Valerie Kudrow (; born July 30, 1963) is an American actress, comedian, writer, singer, and producer. After making guest appearances in several television sitcoms, including Cheers, she came to prominence with her main role of Phoebe Buffay in Friends (1994\u20132004), receiving a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination. Kudrow initially portrayed Phoebe\u2019s twin sister Ursula on the television sitcom Mad About You. Kudrow has received several accolades, including a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series from six nominations, two Screen Actors Guild Awards from 12 nominations, and a Golden Globe Award nomination. Her Friends character was widely popular while the series aired and was later recognized as one of the greatest female characters in American television.\nKudrow starred in the cult comedy film Romy and Michele's High School Reunion (1997) and followed it with an acclaimed performance in the romantic comedy The Opposite of Sex (1998), which won her the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress and a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female. In 2005, she went on to produce, write and star in the HBO comedy series The Comeback, which was revived nine years later for a second season. Kudrow received two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series nominations for both seasons.\nIn 2007, Kudrow received praise for her starring role in the film Kabluey and appeared in the box office hit film P.S. I Love You. She produced and starred in the Showtime program Web Therapy (2011\u20132015), which was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award. She is a producer on the TLC reality program Who Do You Think You Are, which has garnered her five Primetime Emmy Award nominations.\nKudrow has also made several notable film appearances, including roles in Analyze This (1999), Dr. Dolittle 2 (2001), Bandslam (2008), Hotel for Dogs (2009), Easy A (2010), Neighbors (2014) and its sequel Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising (2016), The Girl on the Train (2016), The Boss Baby (2017), Long Shot (2019) and Booksmart (2019).\nHer films have grossed over $2 billion worldwide.", "Q938677": "Luis Terrazas, born Jos\u00e9 Luis Gonzaga Jes\u00fas Daniel Terrazas Fuentes [1] (20 July 1829 in Chihuahua, Mexico \u2013 18 June 1923 in Chihuahua), was a Mexican politician, businessman, rancher, and soldier. He was a pivotal figure in the history of the state of Chihuahua from the middle of the 19th century through the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution. He was a leader of the Cientificos during the regime of Porfirio Diaz and was the founder of the influential Creel-Terrazas Family.\nFirst elected Governor of Chihuahua in 1858, Terrazas was a host, political ally and confidant of President Benito Ju\u00e1rez during the French Intervention[2], when Juarez was living with his cabinet in exile in Chihuahua City from 1864 through 1866. He served as governor for various terms of office between 1858 and 1904.[3]\nThere are two anecdotal tales addressing Terrazas' wealth: when approached by American meatpacker Swift and asked if he could provide a hundred thousand head of cattle, his rejoinder was \"In what color?\". And, when asked once at a social function if he were from Chihuahua, he was reported to have asserted \"No soy de Chihuahua, Chihuahua es m\u00edo\" (\"I'm not from Chihuahua, Chihuahua is mine\").\nHis ranches had once totalled more than 7 million acres (28,000 km\u00b2)[4].\nHe acquired his properties in a number of ways; one significant advantage was that, as governor of the state, Terrazas was able to move armed forces into and out of portions of the state, creating instability in prices and buy good rangeland where prices had decreased.\nIn 1902 he sold a ranch, Hacienda Humboldt at Julimes, near Delicias, Chihuahua, to a group of sponsors organized by President Theodore Roosevelt for a colony of South African Boer refugees. Roosevelt was represented by Edward Reeve Merritt and Marshall Latham Bond.\nTerrazas was said to have faced-down his enemy Pancho Villa in a confrontation during the early days of the Revolution; he had suspected Villa of rustling his cattle and refused to have any dealings with him, leading to a mutual enmity between the two. Villa was also the leading suspect in the abduction of Terrazas' eldest son, Luis, during the Revolution [5]. He and Villa died in the same year (Terrazas from old age; Villa by assassination).", "Q97176": "Yvonne de Bark (born 8 August 1972 in Munich) is a German film and television actress and author.", "Q130327": "Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles, FRS (5 July 1781 \u2013 5 July 1826) was a British statesman, Lieutenant-Governor of the Dutch East Indies (1811\u20131816) and Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen (1818\u20131824), best known for his founding of modern Singapore and British Malaya.\nHe was heavily involved in the conquest of the Indonesian island of Java from Dutch and French military forces during the Napoleonic Wars and contributed to the expansion of the British Empire. He also wrote The History of Java (1817).", "Q63791": "Max Cahner i Garcia (3 December 1936 \u2013 14 October 2013) was a Catalan politician, and editor and historian of Catalan literature.", "Q128568": "John Napier Wyndham Turner (born June 7, 1929) is a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 17th prime minister of Canada from June 30 to September 17, 1984.\nIn his political career, Turner held several prominent Cabinet posts, including Minister of Justice and Minister of Finance, under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau from 1968 to 1975. Amid a global recession and the prospect of having to implement the unpopular wage and price controls, Turner surprisingly resigned his position in 1975. After a hiatus from politics from 1975 to 1984, Turner returned and successfully contested the Liberal leadership. Turner held the office of Prime Minister for 79 days (the second-shortest tenure in Canadian history after Sir Charles Tupper), as he advised the Governor General to dissolve Parliament immediately after being sworn in, and went on to lose the 1984 election in a landslide. Turner stayed on as Liberal leader and led the Opposition for the next six years, leading his party to a modest recovery in the 1988 election; he resigned as Liberal leader in 1990 and stepped down as an MP at the 1993 election. Turner was Canada's first Prime Minister born in the United Kingdom since Mackenzie Bowell in 1896. At age 90, Turner is currently the oldest living former Canadian Prime Minister.", "Q176372": "David Gascoyne (10 October 1916 \u2013 25 November 2001) was an English poet associated with the Surrealist movement. He also translated work by French surrealist poets.", "Q234847": "Nicole Houston Reed (born May 17, 1988) is an American actress, screenwriter, singer-songwriter, and model. She is known for playing vampire Rosalie Hale in The Twilight Saga (2008\u20132012). She became known in 2003, after the release of the film Thirteen, directed by Catherine Hardwicke, for which she was credited with Hardwicke as a co-writer of the screenplay, and in which she played a lead role. The film earned Reed an Independent Spirit Award for Best Debut Performance, as well as several nominations.", "Q348230": "Wayne Marshall (born 13 January 1961) is an English pianist, organist, and conductor. He is Chief Conductor of WDR Funkhausorchester in Cologne, Germany, and Organist and Associate Artist of the Bridgewater Hall, Manchester. He became Principal Guest Conductor of Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano Giuseppe Verdi in 2007, and is a celebrated interpreter of George Gershwin, Leonard Bernstein, and other 20th-century American composers.\nMarshall was the first conductor to direct the highly acclaimed debut concert of the Chineke! Orchestra \u2013 Europe's first professional black and ethnic minority orchestra \u2013 at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London.", "Q3622662": "Aristeidis Alafouzos (Greek: \u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd\u03b6\u03bf\u03c2; 9 March 1924 \u2013 17 May 2017) was a Greek shipowner, civil engineer and media mogul.", "Q298213": "Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst (5 May 1882 \u2013 27 September 1960) was an English campaigner for the suffrage and suffragette movement, a socialist and later a prominent left communist and later an activist in the cause of anti-fascism. She spent much of her later life campaigning on behalf of Ethiopia, where she eventually moved.", "Q596717": "Wonga Philip Harris (June 24, 1904 \u2013 August 11, 1995) was an American comedian, actor, singer, and jazz musician. As a voice actor, he played Baloo in The Jungle Book (1967), Thomas O'Malley in The Aristocats (1970), and Little John in Robin Hood (1973).", "Q64798": "Edward Lucas (October 20, 1780 \u2013 March 4, 1858) was a nineteenth-century politician, lawyer, merchant and storekeeper from Virginia. He was the brother of William Lucas.", "Q205324": "Maria de F\u00e1tima Gomes Nogueira (born Rio de Janeiro, 27 January 1957), better known as Joanna, is a Brazilian singer.", "Q147811": "Hibari Misora (\u7f8e\u7a7a \u3072\u3070\u308a, Misora Hibari, May 29, 1937 \u2013 June 24, 1989) was a Japanese singer, actress and cultural icon. She received a Medal of Honor for her contributions to music and for improving the welfare of the public, and was the first woman to receive the People's Honour Award which was conferred posthumously for giving the public hope and encouragement after World War II.Misora recorded a total of 1,200 songs, and sold 68 million records. After she died, consumer demand for her recordings grew significantly, and by 2001, she had sold more than 80 million records. Her male contemporary was Michiya Mihashi and although he was more popular as a singer, Misora's movie career made her more popular with the general public. Her swan-song \"Kawa no Nagare no Y\u014d ni\" (\u5ddd\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b) is often performed by numerous artists and orchestras as a tribute to her, including notable renditions by The Three Tenors (Spanish/Italian), Teresa Teng (Taiwanese), and Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlan (Mexican).\nEach year there is a special on Japanese television and radio featuring her songs. A memorial concert for Misora was held at the Tokyo Dome on November 11, 2012. It featured numerous musicians such as Ai, Koda Kumi, Ken Hirai, Kiyoshi Hikawa, Exile, AKB48 and Nobuyasu Okabayashi amongst others, paying tribute by singing her most famous songs.", "Q43327": "Motown Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group. It was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960. Its name, a portmanteau of motor and town, has become a nickname for Detroit, where the label was originally headquartered.\nMotown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned label that achieved crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a mainstream pop appeal. Motown was the most successful soul music label, with a net worth of $61 million. During the 1960s, Motown achieved 79 records in the top-ten of the Billboard Hot 100 between 1960 and 1969.\nFollowing the events of the Detroit Riots of 1967 and the loss of key songwriting/production team Holland-Dozier-Holland the same year over pay disputes, Gordy relocated Motown to Los Angeles, California. Motown expanded into film and television production, remaining an independent company until 1988, when it was sold to MCA Records. PolyGram purchased the label from MCA in 1993, followed by MCA successor Universal Music Group when it acquired PolyGram in 1999.Motown spent much of the 2000s headquartered in New York City as a part of the UMG subsidiaries Universal Motown and Universal Motown Republic Group. From 2011 to 2014, it was a part of The Island Def Jam Music Group division of Universal Music. In 2014, however, UMG announced the dissolution of Island Def Jam, and Motown relocated back to Los Angeles to operate under the Capitol Music Group, now operating out of the Capitol Tower. In 2018, Motown was inducted into Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame class at the Charles H. Wright Museum.", "Q215137": "Karel Lama\u010d (27 January 1897 \u2013 2 August 1952) was a Czech film director, actor, screenwriter, producer and singer. He directed more than 100 films in Czechoslovakia, Austria, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.", "Q456241": "Franco Maria Ricci (born December 2, 1937 in Parma) is an Italian art publisher and magazine editor. Amongst his publications is FMR, a Milan-based bi-monthly art magazine published in Italian, English, German, French and Spanish for over 27 years. Ricci is known for creating limited editions honoring particular independent artists, which are characterized by their tinted handmade paper, and black silk-bound hardcovers with silver or gold lettering stamping. He sold his publishing house, Ricci Editore, to Marilena Ferrari in 2007 only to regain control in 2015.", "Q439686": "Olivera Katarina (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430; n\u00e9e Petrovi\u0107 (\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b); born 5 March 1940), also previously known as Olivera Vu\u010do (\u041e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0443\u0447\u043e) and Olivera \u0160aki\u0107 (\u041e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0428\u0430\u043a\u0438\u045b), is a Serbian actress, singer and writer. She was one of the leading stars of Yugoslav cinema in the 1960s and the 1970s, and is probably the best known for her performance in Aleksandar Petrovi\u0107's film I Even Met Happy Gypsies (1967), which won the Grand Prix at the 1967 Cannes Film Festival.\nAs a singer, Olivera Katarina has performed music of various genres, varying from Serbian traditional to pop music, and in numerous languages. Her version of \"\u0110elem, \u0111elem\", which she performed in I Even Met Happy Gypsies, has been considered as one of the best rendition of that song ever recorded.", "Q281024": "Bobbi Brown (born 1957) is an American professional makeup artist and the founder of Bobbi Brown Cosmetics. Brown has written nine books about makeup, beauty, and wellness. She has been the Beauty Editor of The Today Show and Beauty & Lifestyle editor of the Elvis Duran and the Morning Show radio broadcast. In 2015, she was listed as one of BBC's 100 Women.\n\n", "Q1741": "Vienna ( (listen); German: Wien [vi\u02d0n] (listen)) is the national capital, largest city, and one of nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's most populous city, with about 1.9 million inhabitants (2.6 million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of the country's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 6th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union.\nUntil the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it is the second-largest German-speaking city after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations, OPEC and the OSCE. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger. Additionally to being known as the \"City of Music\" due to its musical legacy, Vienna is also said to be the \"City of Dreams\", because of it being home to the world's first psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. Vienna's ancestral roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city. It is well known for having played a pivotal role as a leading European music centre, from the age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque palaces and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstra\u00dfe lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.Vienna is known for its high quality of life. In a 2005 study of 127 world cities, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first (in a tie with Vancouver and San Francisco) for the world's most liveable cities. Between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind Melbourne. In 2018, it replaced Melbourne as the number one spot and continued as the first in 2019. For ten consecutive years (2009\u20132019), the human-resource-consulting firm Mercer ranked Vienna first in its annual \"Quality of Living\" survey of hundreds of cities around the world. Monocle's 2015 \"Quality of Life Survey\" ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world \"to make a base within.\" The UN-Habitat classified Vienna as the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013. The city was ranked 1st globally for its culture of innovation in 2007 and 2008, and sixth globally (out of 256 cities) in the 2014 Innovation Cities Index, which analyzed 162 indicators in covering three areas: culture, infrastructure, and markets. Vienna regularly hosts urban planning conferences and is often used as a case study by urban planners. Between 2005 and 2010, Vienna was the world's number-one destination for international congresses and conventions. It attracts over 6.8 million tourists a year.", "Q92768": "Rasmus Lerdorf (born 22 November 1968) is a Danish-Canadian programmer. He co-authored and inspired the PHP scripting language, authoring the first two versions of the language and participating in the development of later versions led by a group of developers including Jim Winstead (who later created blo.gs), Stig Bakken, Shane Caraveo, Andi Gutmans, and Zeev Suraski. He continues to contribute to the project.\n\n", "Q18445": "Dr. James Cooke Brown (July 21, 1921 \u2013 February 13, 2000) was an American sociologist and science fiction author. He is notable for creating the artificial language Loglan and for designing the Parker Brothers board game Careers.Brown's novel The Troika Incident (Doubleday, 1970) describes a worldwide free knowledge base similar to the Internet. The novel begins with the belief that the world is on the eve of self-destruction, but then it presents a world about a century from now which is a paradise of peace and prosperity, all based on ideas, movements, and knowledge presently available in the world. In its metafictional structure, the novel is a call for social change, not through revolution but through free education and the resilience of human ingenuity. Long out of print and relatively rare, an e-book version (Amazon Kindle) of the novel was released in 2012. The novel envisioned all books and periodicals being viewed on portable electronic devices called \"readers\" in the year 2070, when it is set.\nAmong his other achievements, Brown designed, and had built, a three-hulled sailboat, called a trimaran. He utilized this boat to sail to many parts of the world.\nWhile on a South American cruise with his wife, Brown was admitted to a hospital in Argentina, where he died at the age of 78.", "Q1921889": "Merl Saunders (February 14, 1934 \u2013 October 24, 2008) was an American multi-genre musician who played piano and keyboards, favoring the Hammond B-3 console organ.", "Q748979": "Petrache Poenaru (Romanian pronunciation: [pe\u02c8trake po.e\u02c8naru]; 1799\u20131875) was a Romanian inventor of the Enlightenment era.\nPoenaru, who had studied in Paris and Vienna and, later, completed his specialized studies in England, was a mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, teacher and organizer of the educational system, as well as a politician, agronomist, and zootechnologist, founder of the Philharmonic Society, the Botanical Gardens and the National Museum of Antiquities in Bucharest.\nWhile a student in Paris, Petrache Poenaru invented the world's first fountain pen, an invention for which the French Government issued a patent on 25 May 1827.", "Q29840": "Sur (Romansh: Sour) is a village and former municipality in the Surs\u00e9s in the district of Albula in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged to form the new municipality of Surses.The majority of its population are Romansh-speaking (the Surmiran dialect), with the 2000 census reporting that some 75% claimed it as their first language.\n\n", "Q728055": "Murat G\u00f6khan Bardak\u00e7\u0131 (born 25 December 1955) is a Turkish journalist working on Ottoman history and Turkish music history. He is also a columnist for Habert\u00fcrk newspaper.\n\n", "Q1311632": "Richard Davoud Donchian (born September 1905, Hartford, Connecticut \u2013 April 27, 1993) was an American commodities and futures trader, and pioneer in the field of managed futures.\nThe first publicly managed futures fund, Futures, Inc., was started in 1949 by Richard Donchian. He also developed the trend timing method of futures investing and introduced the mutual fund concept to the field of money management.\nRichard Donchian is considered to be the creator of the managed futures industry and is credited with developing a systematic approach to futures money management. His professional trading career was dedicated to advancing a more conservative approach to futures trading.", "Q1781968": "Charles Alexander Joel (born 1971 in London, England) is a British pianist and conductor.", "Q1378684": "Paul Freeman (born 18 January 1943) is an English actor who has appeared in theatre, television and film. In the United Kingdom, he is best known for his role in the romance TV series Yesterday's Dreams (1987) as Martin Daniels. Internationally, he is known for playing the rival archaeologist Ren\u00e9 Belloq in Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), evil wine baron Gustav Riebmann on season 4 of the soap opera Falcon Crest (1984\u201385), supervillain Ivan Ooze in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie (1995), and Reverend Shooter in Hot Fuzz (2007). \nReferring to Freeman's extensive theatre work, in 1995 the Los Angeles Times described him as \"one of Britain's best-regarded actors, classically trained, with stints at the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National Theatre\".", "Q14948615": "Trudeau is a 2002 television miniseries and biography dramatizing the life of former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau. It aired on CBC Television on Sunday and Monday evenings and was written by Wayne Grigsby and directed by Jerry Ciccoritti.The miniseries was one of the highest-rated Canadian television programs of the year, resulting in 8 wins and 3 nominations. Two of the wins were from Directors Guild of Canada; one being the DGC Craft Award, as Jerry Ciccoritti won Outstanding Achievement in Direction and Dean Soltys won Outstanding Achievement in Picture Editing and the other being the DGC Team Award. As well, it won several Gemini Awards including Best Actor, Best Writing and Best Direction. Colm Feore also won Monte-Carlo TV Festival's Best Performance by an Actor. \"With all its sham, drudgery and broken dreams, Trudeau is a beautiful show \u2013 the best Canadian political teleplay since Denys Arcand's Duplessis 25 years ago, and maybe the best ever.\"The miniseries follows Pierre Trudeau through the major events of his political mandates up to the patriation of the Canadian Constitution. A few of the major characters in the film (notably \"Greenbaum\" and \"Duncan\") are fictional, or composite characters.\nIt was filmed in various locations in Canada, but mainly in Halifax, Nova Scotia and at Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Distributed in both official languages English and French, it was released on 31 March 2002. \nA prequel, Trudeau II: Maverick in the Making, came out in 2005, examining Trudeau's early life. This $8-million, four-hour CBC production was originally designed as a \"double shoot,\" to be filmed in both French and English versions; however, it ended up being made in English only \u2013 even though most of the actors, including lead St\u00e9phane Demers, are Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois. (Demers inherits the role from Colm Feore, who was tied up playing the villain in The Chronicles of Riddick.)", "Q41530": "George Newbold Lawrence (October 20, 1806 \u2013 January 17, 1895) was an American businessman and amateur ornithologist.", "Q57352": "Hamad bin Isa bin Salman al-Khalifa (Arabic: \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u200e \u1e24amad bin \u02bf\u012as\u0101 bin Salm\u0101n \u02be\u0100l \u1e2aal\u012bfah; born 28 January 1950) is the King of Bahrain. He has been the monarch of Bahrain since 6 March 1999, initially reigning as emir, and from 14 February 2002, as the first king. He is the son of Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the previous and first emir. The country has been ruled by the Al Khalifa dynasty since 1783.", "Q1185955": "The University of Nevada, Reno (Nevada, the University of Nevada, or UNR) is a public research university in Reno, Nevada. Founded on October 12, 1874 in Elko, Nevada is the sole land grant institution for the state of Nevada.\nThe university is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity\". The campus is home to the large-scale structures laboratory in the College of Engineering, which has put Nevada researchers at the forefront nationally in a wide range of civil engineering, earthquake and large-scale structures testing and modeling. The Nevada Terawatt Facility, located on a satellite campus of the university, includes a terawatt-level Z-pinch machine and terawatt-class high-intensity laser system \u2013 one of the most powerful such lasers on any college campus in the country. It is home to the School of Medicine, with a campus in Nevada's major urban center in Reno and a health network that extends to much of rural Nevada. The school includes 16 clinical departments and five nationally recognized basic science departments. It is also home to the School of Journalism, which has produced six Pulitzer Prize winners.", "Q1223694": "Dietrich Br\u00fcggemann (born 23 February 1976) is a German film director screenwriter and musician. He collaborates closely with his sister Anna Br\u00fcggemann on several screenplays for his films. They were awarded the Silver Bear for Best Screenplay for Stations of the Cross.", "Q2971536": "Jan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 \u2013 Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector.", "Q124434": "Helmar Lerski (18 February 1871, in Strasbourg \u2013 19 September 1956, in Z\u00fcrich) was a photographer who laid some of the important foundations of modern photography. His works are on display in the USA, Germany, Israel and Switzerland. He focused mainly on portraits and the technique of photography with mirrors.\nHis real name was Israel Schmuklerski. The family moved in 1876 to Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland, where the family was naturalized. In 1888, Lerski emigrated to the United States, where he worked as an actor. Around 1910, he began to photograph. In 1915, he returned to Europe and worked as a cameraman and expert for special effects for many films, including Fritz Lang's Metropolis. At the end of the 1920s, he made a name as an avant-garde portrait photographer.\nIn 1932, he emigrated with his second wife to Palestine, where he continued to work as a photographer, cameraman, and film director. On 22 March 1948, they left what was now Israel and settled again in Z\u00fcrich.", "Q776897": "Roberto \"Robbie\" Rivera (born 1973) is a prolific house music producer and DJ born in Puerto Rico. He has an extensive catalog of original productions and remixes to his credit, ranging from tribal to progressive house, as well as incorporating garage and Latin elements. He and his wife M\u00f3nica Olabarrieta have homes in Miami and Ibiza. On October 28, 2009, DJ Magazine announced the results of their annual Top 100 DJ Poll, with Rivera placing number 95.", "Q827743": "Bertha Sneck (Chinese Name: Sh\u01d0 K\u00e8 \u53f2\u514b; born 3 December 1916 in Maynard; died 1 March 2010 in Beijing) was an American translator and political activist who lived in China.", "Q77082": "Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing (1840\u20131902; full name Richard Fridolin Joseph Freiherr Krafft von Festenberg auf Frohnberg, genannt von Ebing) was an Austro\u2013German psychiatrist and author of the foundational work Psychopathia Sexualis (1886).", "Q3080926": "Karl Augustus Menninger (July 22, 1893 \u2013 July 18, 1990) was an American psychiatrist and a member of the Menninger family of psychiatrists who founded the Menninger Foundation and the Menninger Clinic in Topeka, Kansas.", "Q840900": "Daniel Frederick Wallace (born 16 November 1976) is a British filmmaker, comedian, writer, actor, and presenter of radio and television. His notable works include the books Join Me, Yes Man, voice acting as the narrator for Thomas Was Alone and as Shaun Hastings for the Assassin's Creed game series, as well as the TV series How to Start Your Own Country.", "Q866079": "Giant Robo: The Day the Earth Stood Still (\u30b8\u30e3\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u30fb\u30ed\u30dc - \u5730\u7403\u304c\u9759\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u65e5, Jaianto Robo - Chiky\u016b ga seishi suru hi) is a 1992 to 1998 original video animation series based on Mitsuteru Yokoyama's manga series Giant Robo. It was written and directed by Yasuhiro Imagawa.\nGiant Robo is a homage to Yokoyama's career. The series features characters and plotlines from the manga artist's entire canon of work, effectively creating an all-new story. The events take place in the near future, ten years after the advent of the Shizuma Drive triggers the third energy revolution. The series follows the master of the titular Robo, Daisaku Kusama, and the Experts of Justice, an international police organization locked in battle with the BF Group, a secret society hell-bent on world domination.\nThe OVA is recognized for its \"retro\" style and operatic score. The character designs emulate Yokoyama's drawing style and the action setpieces are influenced by Hong Kong action cinema.\nThe first installment of the series, \"The Black Attach\u00e9 Case,\" was released July 22, 1992. Originally intended to finish within 36 months, the seven-volume series was ultimately released over the span of six years. \"The Grand Finale\" was released January 25, 1998. The OVA has since been translated into English, Cantonese, Dutch, French, Italian and Korean.", "Q2272835": "Tikhvin Cemetery (Russian: \u0422\u0438\u0445\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435) is a historic cemetery in the centre of Saint Petersburg. It is part of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, and is one of four cemeteries in the complex. Since 1932 it has been part of the State Museum of Urban Sculpture, which refers to it as the Necropolis of the Masters of Art (Russian: \u041d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432).\nOpened in 1823 after the monastery's first cemetery, the Lazarevskoe, had become overcrowded, the cemetery was initially called the \"New Lazarevsky\". It acquired its name after the building of its cemetery church, consecrated to the icon of the Tikhvin Mother of God. It soon superseded the Lazarevskoe Cemetery and became a popular and prestigious burial ground. The first literary figure, Nikolay Karamzin, was buried in the cemetery in 1826, followed in 1833 by Nikolay Gnedich, an associate of Alexander Pushkin's. Several other friends of Pushkin were later buried in the cemetery. Particularly significant interments were those of Mikhail Glinka in 1857, Fyodor Dostoevsky in 1881, Modest Mussorgsky and Alexander Borodin in the 1880s, and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1891.\nDuring the Soviet period the cemetery was earmarked for development into a museum necropolis, envisaged primarily as a landscaped park, with strategically placed memorials to important figures of Russian history. With several notable artists having already been buried in the cemetery, it was decided to designate it as the \"Necropolis of the Masters of Art\". During the 1930s many important Russian composers, painters, sculptors, writers and poets were exhumed from their original resting places across the city, and brought, with or without their monuments, to be reburied in the Tikhvin cemetery. At the same time the monuments of those figures deemed not in keeping with the artistic theme of the cemetery were removed or destroyed. Several more burials of particularly important artists took place during the Soviet period, as the cemetery established a role as a kind of national pantheon. Today the cemetery operates as a museum necropolis under the auspices of the State Museum of Urban Sculpture.", "Q122051": "Friedrich Otto H\u00f6rsing (18 July 1874 \u2013 16 August 1937) was a German social democratic politician.", "Q444651": "Helen O'Connell (May 23, 1920 \u2013 September 9, 1993) was an American singer, actress, and hostess, described as \"the quintessential big band singer of the 1940s\".", "Q49178": "Waterbury (nicknamed \"The Brass City\") is a city in the U.S. state of Connecticut on the Naugatuck River, 33 miles southwest of Hartford and 77 miles northeast of New York City. Waterbury is the second-largest city in New Haven County, Connecticut. As of the 2010 census, Waterbury had a population of 110,366, making it the 10th largest city in the New York Metropolitan Area, 9th largest city in New England and the 5th largest city in Connecticut.Throughout the first half of the 20th century, Waterbury had large industrial interests and was the leading center in the United States for the manufacture of brassware (including castings and finishings), as reflected in the nickname the \"Brass City\" and the city's motto Quid Aere Perennius? (\"What Is More Lasting Than Brass?\"). It was also noted for the manufacture of watches and clocks.\nThe city is along Interstate 84 (Yankee Expressway) and Route 8 and has a Metro-North railroad station with connections to Grand Central Terminal. Waterbury is also home to Post University and the regional campuses of the University of Connecticut, University of Bridgeport, Western Connecticut State University as well as Naugatuck Valley Community College.", "Q181936": "F. Murray Abraham (born Murray Abraham;; Classical Syriac: \u0721\u0718\u072a\u072a\u0710\u071d \u0710\u0712\u072a\u0710\u0717\u0710\u0721\u200e; October 24, 1939) is an American actor. He became widely known during the 1980s after winning an Oscar for his leading role as Antonio Salieri in the drama film Amadeus (1984). Abraham also won a Golden Globe and received a BAFTA Award nomination for the role.\nHe has appeared in many roles, both leading and supporting, in films such as All the President's Men (1976), Scarface (1983), The Name of the Rose (1986), Last Action Hero (1993), Star Trek: Insurrection (1998), Finding Forrester (2000), Inside Llewyn Davis (2013), and The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014). Abraham is also known for his television and theatre work and was a regular cast member on the Showtime drama series Homeland, which earned him two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. Abraham currently stars in the Apple TV+ comedy series Mythic Quest: Raven's Banquet.", "Q51737": "Curse of the Golden Flower (Chinese: \u6ee1\u57ce\u5c3d\u5e26\u9ec4\u91d1\u7532; pinyin: M\u01cench\u00e9ngj\u00ecnd\u00e0ihu\u00e1ngj\u012bnji\u01ce) is a 2006 Chinese epic wuxia drama film written and directed by Zhang Yimou. The Mandarin Chinese title of the movie is taken from the last line of the Qi Dynasty poem written by the rebel leader Emperor Huang Chao who was also the Emperor of the Qi Dynasty that was at war against the Later Tang Dynasty.\nWith a budget of US$45 million, it was at the time of its release the most expensive Chinese film to date, surpassing Chen Kaige's The Promise. It was chosen as China's entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film for the year 2006, but did not receive the nomination. The film was, however, nominated for Costume Design. In 2007 it received fourteen nominations at the 26th Hong Kong Film Awards and won Best Actress for Gong Li, Best Art Direction, Best Costume and Make Up Design and Best Original Film Song for \"\u83ca\u82b1\u53f0\" (Chrysanthemum Terrace) by Jay Chou.The plot is based on Cao Yu's 1934 play Thunderstorm (\u96f7\u96e8 pinyin: L\u00e9iy\u01d4), but is set in the Imperial court in ancient China. The plot could also be based on King Lear, but set in Tang Dynasty China instead of Ancient Europe.", "Q220198": "The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is a charity devoted to the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats. It was founded in 1826.", "Q624109": "Lee Jae-yong (Korean: \uc774\uc7ac\uc6a9; Hanja: \u674e\u5728\u9394; born 23 June 1969), known professionally in the West as Jay Y. Lee, is a South Korean business magnate and the vice chairman of Samsung, serving as de facto head. He is the eldest child and only son of Hong Ra-hee and Lee Kun-hee, Chairman of Samsung, and is widely considered to be his father's future successor. He is referred to as the \"Crown Prince of Samsung\" by the South Korean media, and speaks Korean, English and Japanese. Although there has been rumors of a nephew taking over the business, Media has been referring to Lee Jung-hoon (Eng. Trevor) a former model in South Korea\u2019s District until his unexpected disappearance. Lee is estimated to be worth US$7.9 billion, making him the third wealthiest person in South Korea.In 2014, Lee was named the world's 35th most powerful person and the most powerful Korean by Forbes Magazine's List of The World's Most Powerful People along with his father.", "Q6452285": "An ulcer is a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue. Ulcers can result in complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat. Ulcers are most common on the skin of the lower extremities and in the gastrointestinal tract. An ulcer that appears on the skin is often visible as an inflamed tissue with an area of reddened skin. A skin ulcer is often visible in the event of exposure to heat or cold, irritation, or a problem with blood circulation. \nThey can also be caused due to a lack of mobility, which causes prolonged pressure on the tissues. This stress in the blood circulation is transformed to a skin ulcer, commonly known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers. Ulcers often become infected, and pus forms.", "Q11313": "John Knoll (born October 6, 1962) is an American visual effects supervisor and chief creative officer (CCO) at Industrial Light & Magic (ILM). One of the original creators of Adobe Photoshop (along with his brother, Thomas Knoll), he has also worked as visual effects supervisor on the Star Wars prequels and the 1997 special editions of the original trilogy. He also served as ILM's visual effects supervisor for Star Trek Generations and Star Trek: First Contact, as well as the Pirates of the Caribbean series. Along with Hal Hickel, Charles Gibson and Allen Hall, Knoll and the trio's work on Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest earned them the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects.Knoll has been praised by directors James Cameron, Gore Verbinski, Guillermo del Toro, and Brad Bird. Del Toro, who worked with Knoll for the first time on Pacific Rim, stated \"He basically has the heart of a kid and the mind of a scientist, and that's a great combination.\"Knoll is also the inventor of Knoll Light Factory, a lens flare generating software inspired by his work at Industrial Light and Magic.Knoll was the Computer Graphics Project Designer on The Abyss, an achievement which earned ILM its tenth Oscar, and worked on two Star Trek episodes: Star Trek: The Next Generation's pilot episode (\"Encounter at Farpoint\") and the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode \"Explorers\".\nKnoll had a cameo appearance in Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace as a fighter pilot.John Knoll helped pitch the story of Rogue One, a feature film set in the Star Wars series, and worked as writer and executive producer of the film.", "Q325792": "Fire, Ice and Dynamite (German original title Feuer, Eis und Dynamit) is a German feature-length sports film directed by Willy Bogner in 1990. It a sequel to Fire and Ice. The screenplay was written by Tony Williamson, based on an original story by Willy Bogner.\nThe film features cameos from Steffi Graf, Niki Lauda, Buzz Aldrin, Dennis Conner and Isaac Hayes.", "Q77096": "Wilhelm Emil \"Willy\" Messerschmitt (German pronunciation: [\u02c8m\u025bs\u0250\u0283m\u026at]; 26 June 1898 \u2013 15 September 1978) was a German aircraft designer and manufacturer. In 1934, in collaboration with Walter Rethel, he designed the Messerschmitt Bf 109, which became the most important fighter aircraft in the Luftwaffe as Germany rearmed prior to World War II. It remains the second most-produced warplane in history, with some 34,000 built, behind the Soviet Ilyushin Il-2. Another Messerschmitt aircraft, first called \"Bf 109R\", purpose-built for record setting, but later redesignated Messerschmitt Me 209, broke the absolute world airspeed record and held the world speed record for propeller-driven aircraft until 1969. Messerschmitt's firm also produced the first jet-powered fighter to enter service \u2014 the Messerschmitt Me 262.", "Q58075": "Antonella Mularoni (born 27 September 1961) is a Sammarinese politician who was Captain Regent of San Marino from April 2013 until October 2013 (alongside Denis Amici) and Secretary for Foreign Affairs. She was the Sammarinese judge for the European Court of Human Rights. She graduated in law from Bologna University.", "Q698796": "Catherine the Great is a 1995 television movie based on the life of Catherine II of Russia. It stars Catherine Zeta-Jones as Catherine, Jeanne Moreau as Empress Elizabeth and Omar Sharif as Alexis Razumovsky.\n\n", "Q962579": "Joe Don Baker (born February 12, 1936) is an American character actor and a life member of the Actors Studio. He established himself as an action star with supporting roles as a mysterious cowboy drifter in Guns of the Magnificent Seven (1969), and as a deputy sheriff in the western Wild Rovers (1971), before receiving worldwide fame for his roles as a mafia hitman in Charley Varrick (1973), real-life Tennessee Sheriff Buford Pusser in the classic action film Walking Tall (1973), brute force detective Mitchell in Mitchell (1975), deputy sheriff Thomas Jefferson Geronimo III in Final Justice (1985), and as chief Jerry Karlin in the action-comedy Fletch (1985).", "Q1978730": "Hermenegildo S\u00e1bat (23 June 1933 \u2013 2 October 2018) was an Argentine-Uruguayan caricaturist.", "Q206639": "Gerhard Hager (born 26 September 1942 in Vienna) is a former non-attached Member of the European Parliament representing Austria. His two European Parliamentary terms began on 11 November 1996 and 20 July 1999, culminating in his European Parliament career's ending on 19 July 2004.", "Q414066": "Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw (Polish: Akademia Sztuk Pi\u0119knych w Warszawie) is a public university of visual arts and applied arts located in the Polish capital. The Academy traces its history back to the Department of Arts founded at the Warsaw University in 1812. As a separate institution it was founded in 1844 during the Partitions of Poland. In an upgrade in 1904 it was named the Warsaw School of Fine Arts; and in 1932 it received recognition as an Academy. At first the institute did not have its own building and classes were held in several locations around the city. Following an architectural competition a design by Alfons Gravier was chosen and construction began in 1911. The building was completed by the outbreak of the First World War.", "Q67285": "August Bodo Wilhelm Clemens Paul von Trott zu Solz (29 December 1855 \u2013 27 October 1938) was a German politician.\nBorn in Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) into the noble Trott zu Solz family, he became Minister of Culture of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1909 to 1917, playing a leading role in the founding of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society.\nHe was the father of Adam von Trott zu Solz.\nHe died in Nassau, Germany.", "Q15175": "Guangdong (alternately romanized as Canton Province or Kwangtung) is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 113.46 million (as of 2018) across a total area of about 179,800 km2 (69,400 sq mi), Guangdong is the most populous province of China and the 15th-largest by area. Its economy is larger than that of any other province in the nation and the 6th largest sub-national economy in the world with a GDP size of 1.47 trillion US dollars (9.73 trillion Chinese yuan) in 2018. The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, a Chinese megalopolis, is a core for high technology, manufacturing and foreign trade. Located in this zone are two of the four top Chinese cities and the top two Chinese prefecture-level cities by GDP; Guangzhou, the capital of the province, and Shenzhen, the first special economic zone in the country. These two are among the most populous and important cities in China, and have now become two of the world's most populous megacities.\nThe province of Guangdong surpassed Henan and Shandong to become the most populous province in China in January 2005, registering 79.1 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year; the total population was 104,303,132 in the 2010 census, accounting for 7.79 percent of Mainland China's population. This makes it the most populous first-level administrative subdivision of any country outside of South Asia, as its population is surpassed only by those of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the Indian states of Bihar, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. Its population increase since the census has been modest, the province registering 108,500,000 people in 2015.\nMost of the historical Guangdong Province is administered by the People's Republic of China (PRC). However, the archipelagos of Pratas in the South China Sea are controlled by the Republic of China (ROC, a.k.a. Taiwan), and were previously part of Guangdong Province before the Chinese Civil War.Guangdong has a highly diversified economy. Since 1989, Guangdong has topped the total GDP rankings among all provincial-level divisions, with Jiangsu and Shandong second and third in rank. As of 2018, Guangdong's GDP reached 1.47 trillion US dollars (CNY 9.73 trillion), exceeding that of Spain with GDP of 1.43 trillion US dollars, the 13th largest in the world. The province contributes approximately 12% of the total economic output of mainland China, and is home to the production facilities and offices of a wide-ranging set of Chinese and foreign corporations. Guangdong has benefited from its proximity to the financial hub of Hong Kong, which it borders to the south. Guangdong also hosts the largest import and export fair in China, the Canton Fair, hosted in the provincial capital of Guangzhou.\nAfter the unification of Lingnan region in the Qin Dynasty, the immigrants from the Central Plains moved in and formed the local culture with a unique style. With the outward movement of the Guangdong people, the Hakka and Cantonese languages, music, cuisine, opera and tea ceremony have been spread throughout the nation, Southeast Asia and other countries. The two special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao fall within the scope of Guangdong cultural influence, and Guangdong culture still has profound influences on the Chinese in Singapore and Malaysia.", "Q53120": "Dylan McDermott (born Mark Anthony McDermott; October 26, 1961) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as lawyer and law firm head Bobby Donnell on the legal drama series The Practice, which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series \u2013 Drama and a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series.\nMcDermott is also known for his roles in the first two seasons of FX horror anthology series American Horror Story, entitled American Horror Story: Murder House and American Horror Story: Asylum, portraying Ben Harmon and Johnny Morgan, respectively. He reprised his role as Ben Harmon in American Horror Story: Apocalypse, the eighth season of the series. He appeared as Bruce in American Horror Story: 1984, the ninth season of the series. He also starred as Lt. Carter Shaw on the TNT series Dark Blue and starred in two short-lived CBS dramas, Hostages and Stalker.", "Q131993": "Wilford Bacon Hoggatt (September 11, 1865 \u2013 February 26, 1938) was an American naval officer and businessman who served as the sixth Governor of the District of Alaska.\n\n", "Q725565": "Christian Prudhomme (born 11 November 1960) is a French journalist and general director of the Tour de France since 2007.\n\n", "Q97604": "Jochen Nickel (born 10 April 1959) is a German actor. He has appeared in more than one hundred films since 1990.\n\n", "Q127129": "Kismat Konnection (Fate Connection) is a 2008 Indian Hindi romantic drama film directed by Aziz Mirza who previously directed films including Yes Boss (1997), Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani (2000) and Chalte Chalte (2003). The film stars Shahid Kapoor and Vidya Balan in the lead roles with Juhi Chawla in a guest appearance. Shah Rukh Khan is the narrator. Produced by Ramesh S Taurani under the banner of Tips Industries, Kismat Konnection was released on 18 July 2008. The Film was declared a \"flop\" at the box office.\nKismat Konnection is a remake of the Hollywood film, Just My Luck which stars Lindsay Lohan and Chris Pine.", "Q75681": "Frank Appel has been CEO of Deutsche Post since February 18, 2008. His present appointment is through October 2022. He has been Member of the Board of Management of Deutsche Post AG since November 1, 2002.", "Q64954": "Mathon (Romansh: Maton) is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q743838": "Knut Lindh (born 11 June 1951 in Oslo) is a Norwegian author. He has worked for several media companies, among others The Norwegian News Agency (NTB), The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK), TV 2 Norway and National Geographic. Lindh graduated from The Norwegian School of Journalism in 1977 and has studied international communication and politics at the University of Minnesota. He published his first book in 1985 and has since then written novels, biographies and dictionaries. Lindh was awarded the \"Fresh Blood\" prize 2009 for Dead Man Rises. The prize is awarded annually for the best Norwegian crime novel debut.", "Q22901": "Bad D\u00fcrkheim (German pronunciation: [\u02ccba\u02d0t \u02c8dy\u02d0\u0250\u032fkha\u026am]) is a spa town in the Rhine-Neckar urban agglomeration, and is the seat of the Bad D\u00fcrkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.", "Q641785": "Martin Vu\u010di\u0107 (Macedonian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0412\u0443\u0447\u0438\u045c, Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0412\u0443\u0447\u0438\u045b) (born 7 August 1982 in Skopje, SR Macedonia, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Macedonian Pop musician.", "Q9309": "Welsh (Cymraeg [k\u0259m\u02c8r\u0251\u02d0\u0268\u0261] (listen) or y Gymraeg [\u0259 \u0261\u0259m\u02c8r\u0251\u02d0\u0268\u0261]) is a Brittonic language of the Celtic language family. It is spoken natively in Wales, by some in England, and in Y Wladfa (the Welsh colony in Chubut Province, Argentina). Historically, it has also been known in English as \"British\", \"Cambrian\", \"Cambric\" and \"Cymric\".According to the United Kingdom Census 2011, 19 percent of residents in Wales aged three and over were able to speak Welsh. According to the 2001 Census, 21 percent of the population aged 3+ were able to speak Welsh. This suggests that there was a decrease in the number of Welsh speakers in Wales from 2001 to 2011 \u2013 from about 582,000 to 562,000 respectively. \nThe Annual Population Survey conducted by the Office for National Statistics for the year ending in March 2019 suggests that 874,600 Welsh residents (29 percent) aged three or over were able to speak Welsh. The results for the most recent National Survey for Wales (2017-2018) suggest that 19 per cent of the population aged 16 and over were able to speak Welsh, with an additional 12 per cent noting that they had \"some Welsh speaking ability\".The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 gave the Welsh language official status in Wales, making it the only language that is de jure official in any part of the United Kingdom, with English being de facto official. The Welsh language, along with English, is also a de jure official language of the National Assembly for Wales.", "Q310729": "Tristan & Isolde is a 2006 epic romantic drama film directed by Kevin Reynolds and written by Dean Georgaris based on the medieval romantic legend of Tristan and Isolde. Produced by Ridley Scott (who had been working on an adaptation since the mid-1970s) and Tony Scott, the film stars James Franco and Sophia Myles, alongside a supporting cast featuring Rufus Sewell, Mark Strong, and Henry Cavill. This was Franchise Pictures' last film before bankruptcy.", "Q1452222": "Frederick Below, Jr. (September 6, 1926 \u2013 August 13, 1988) was an American blues drummer, best known for his work with Little Walter and Chess Records in the 1950s. According to Tony Russell, Below was a creator of much of the rhythmic structure of Chicago blues, especially its backbeat.\nHe was the drummer on Chuck Berry's song: \"Johnny B. Goode\".\n\n", "Q929008": "Walter Reed (born August 16, 1974), better known by his stage name Killah Priest, is an American rapper and Wu-Tang Clan affiliate who was raised in Bedford-Stuyvesant and Brownsville, Brooklyn. He is known for his intensely spiritual lyrics, containing religious references and metaphors. He is connected to the Black Hebrew Israelites through his rhymes, and is known for his controversial and political subject matter. He is also a part of supergroup the HRSMN along with Canibus, Ras Kass, and Kurupt.", "Q65492": "Wattenwil is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q512365": "Mar\u00eda Asunci\u00f3n Aramburuzabala Larregui (born 2 May 1963) is a Mexican billionaire businesswoman. She is chairperson of Tresalia Capital, a venture capital firm, and has a net worth of over US$5 billion.\n\n", "Q127897": "Jersey Girl is a 2004 American comedy-drama film written, co-edited and directed by Kevin Smith. It stars Ben Affleck, Liv Tyler, George Carlin, Stephen Root, Mike Starr and Raquel Castro. The film follows a young man who must take care of his precocious daughter in the midst of a family tragedy.\nIt was the first film written and directed by Smith not to be set in the View Askewniverse as well as the first not to feature appearances by Jay and Silent Bob, although animated versions of the duo appear in the View Askew logo at the beginning of the film, as well as a still version of the logo at the end. At $35 million, it is Smith's biggest-budgeted film, and went on to underperform at the box office, grossing just $36 million.", "Q1033": "Nigeria ( (listen)), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa, bordering Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west. Its coast in the south is located on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The federation comprises 36 states and 1 Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja, is located. The constitution defines Nigeria as a democratic secular state. Nigeria has been home to a number of ancient and indigenous kingdoms and states over the millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and took its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914 by Lord Fredrick Lugard. The British set up administrative and legal structures while practicing indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms, Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960. It experienced a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It thereafter alternated between democratically elected civilian governments and military dictatorships until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with the 2011 presidential election considered the first to be reasonably free and fair.Nigeria is often referred to as the \"Giant of Africa\", owing to its large population and economy. With 206 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has the third-largest youth population in the world, after India and China, with more than 90 million of its population under the age of eighteen. Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy as of 2015, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity, respectively. The 2013 debt-to-GDP ratio was 11 percent.Nigeria is viewed as a multinational state as it is inhabited by 250 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 distinct languages and are identified with a wide variety of cultures. The official language of Nigeria is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims, who live mostly in the north. A minority of the population practice religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities.\nNigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; it has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. However, its Human Development Index ranks 158th in the world. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next \"BRIC-like\" economies. It is also listed among the \"Next Eleven\" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the African Union and a member of many other international organizations, including the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations and OPEC.", "Q3282637": "A film producer is a person who oversees film production. Either employed by a production company or working independently, producers plan and coordinate various aspects of film production, such as selecting the script; coordinating writing, directing, and editing; and arranging financing.During the \"discovery stage,\" the producer finds and selects promising material for development. Then, unless the film is based on an existing script, the producer has to hire a screenwriter and oversee the development of the script. Once a script is completed, the producer will lead a pitch to secure the financial backing (a \"green light\") to allow production to begin.\nThe producer also supervises the pre-production, production, and post-production stages of filmmaking. One of the most important tasks is to hire the director and other key crew members. Whereas the director makes the creative decisions during the production, the producer typically manages the logistics and business operations, though some directors also produce their own films. The producer is tasked with making sure the film is delivered on time and within budget, and has the final say on creative decisions. Finally, the producer will oversee the marketing and distribution.\nFor various reasons, producers cannot always supervise all of the production. In this case, the main producer or executive producer may hire and delegate work to associate producers, assistant producers, line producers or unit production managers.", "Q177078": "John Kerr Hendrick (October 10, 1849 \u2013 June 20, 1921) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.Born in Caswell County, North Carolina, Hendrick moved with his parents to Logan County and later to Todd County, Kentucky, attended private schools and Bethel College, Russellville, Kentucky, moved to Crittenden County, Kentucky, in 1869 and engaged in teaching school.\nHe studied law.\nHe was admitted to the bar in 1874 and commenced practice in Smithland, Kentucky.\nHe served as prosecuting attorney of Livingston County from 1878 to 1886.\nHe served as member of the State Senate from 1887 to 1891.\nHe served as delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1888.\nHendrick was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1895 \u2013 March 3, 1897).\nHe was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1896.\nHe resumed the practice of law in Paducah, Kentucky, where he died June 20, 1921.\nHe was interred in Maplelawn Cemetery.", "Q106681": "W\u0142oc\u0142awek [vw\u0254t\u0361s\u02c8wav\u025bk] (listen) (German: Leslau) is a city located in central Poland along the Vistula (Wis\u0142a) River and is bordered by the Gostynin-W\u0142oc\u0142awek Landscape Park. As of December 2018, the population of the city is 110,802. Located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, it was the capital of W\u0142oc\u0142awek Voivodeship until 1999.\nThe city is located in the historical region of Kuyavia and is the region's second largest city after Bydgoszcz.\n\n", "Q43455": "Ethnology (from the Greek: \u1f14\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, ethnos meaning \"nation\") is the branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).", "Q2546713": "Marvelous Inc. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30de\u30fc\u30d9\u30e9\u30b9, Kabushiki-gaisha M\u0101berasu, previously known as Marvelous AQL) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher, and anime producer that was formed in October 2011 by the merger of Marvelous Entertainment, AQ Interactive, and Liveware.", "Q940900": "The Exploits of Elaine is a 1914 American film serial in the damsel in distress genre of The Perils of Pauline (1914).\nThe Exploits of Elaine tells the story of a young woman named Elaine who, with the help of a detective, tries to find the man, known only as \"The Clutching Hand\", who murdered her father. The Clutching Hand was the first mystery villain to appear in a film serial. The concept was widely used for the remainder of the format's existence.\nThe serial stars Pearl White (who also starred in The Perils of Pauline), Arnold Daly, Sheldon Lewis, Creighton Hale, and Riley Hatch. Lionel Barrymore had a small role. The serial was written by Arthur B. Reeve (novel), Charles W. Goddard, and George B. Seitz, and directed by Louis J. Gasnier, Seitz, and Leopold Wharton. The film was produced by the Whartons Studios and distributed by Path\u00e9 Exchange, the American distribution branch of the French company Path\u00e9 at that time. Path\u00e9 was the largest film equipment and production company in the world during the first part of the 20th century.\nThe film was followed in 1915 by The New Exploits of Elaine.\nThe serial, which is extant, was named to the United States National Film Registry in 1994 for its cultural and historic importance.", "Q202339": "Vadim Zinovyevich Rabinovich (sometimes spelled Vadym Rabynovych) (Ukrainian: \u0412\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0417\u0456\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447; Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c \u0417\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447; Hebrew: \u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05e5'\u200e; born 4 August 1953 in Kharkiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union), is a Ukrainian Jewish businessman, politician, president of the All-Ukrainian Jewish Congress, leader of the For life party, presidential candidate in the 2014 elections and former deputy of the Ukraine VIII faction of the Opposition Bloc. Currently he is a member of the pro-Russian block Opposition Platform \u2014 For life.", "Q54129": "The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social justice and promote decent work by setting international labour standards. It was the first specialised agency of the UN. The ILO has 187 member states: 186 of the 193 UN member states plus the Cook Islands are members of the ILO. The tripartite structure is unique to the ILO where representatives from the government, employers and employees openly debate and create labour standards.\nThe International Labour Office is the permanent secretariat of the International Labour Organization. It is the focal point for International Labour Organization's overall activities, which it prepares under the scrutiny of the Governing Body and under the leadership of the Director-General.\nThe ILO employs some 2,700 officials from over 150 nations at its headquarters in Geneva, and in around 40 field offices around the world. Among these officials, 900 work in technical cooperation programmes and projects.\nIn 1969, the ILO received the Nobel Peace Prize for improving fraternity and peace among nations, pursuing decent work and justice for workers, and providing technical assistance to other developing nations. Fifty years later to mark the organization's centenary, it convened a Global Commission on the Future of Work, whose report, published in January 2019, made ten recommendations for governments to meet the unprecedented challenges of a changing world of work. Those included a universal labour guarantee, social protection from birth to old age and an entitlement to lifelong learning.The International Labour Organization has developed a system of international labour standards aimed at promoting opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work, in conditions of freedom, equity, security and dignity.\n\n", "Q98251": "Hartmut Esslinger (born June 5, 1944) is a German-American industrial designer and inventor. He is best known for founding the design consultancy Frog Design Inc. (stylized as frog).", "Q87371": "Angela Steinm\u00fcller (born 15 April 1941 in Schmalkalden) is a German mathematician and science fiction author. Together with her husband Karlheinz Steinm\u00fcller she has written science fiction short stories and novels that depict human development on a cosmic scale, grounded in an analysis of social structures and mechanisms. Angela and Karlheinz Steinm\u00fcller were not only among the most widely read authors in the GDR, ranking at the top of a 1989 poll of most popular science fiction authors in the GDR, but their works continue to be republished.", "Q205456": "Theodoor \"Theo\" van Gogh (Dutch: [\u02c8te\u02d0jo\u02d0 v\u0251\u014b \u02c8\u0263\u0254x]; 23 July 1957 \u2013 2 November 2004) was a Dutch director and film and television producer, actor and author. He directed \"Submission: Part 1\", a short film written by Somali writer and politician Ayaan Hirsi Ali, which criticized the treatment of women in Islam in strong terms. On 2 November 2004, van Gogh was assassinated by Mohammed Bouyeri, a Dutch-Moroccan Muslim who objected to the film's controversial message. The last film van Gogh had completed before his death, 06/05, was, ironically, a fictional exploration of the assassination of Dutch politician Pim Fortuyn (1948\u20132002). It was released posthumously in December 2004, a month after van Gogh's assassination.", "Q301142": "The Descendents are a punk rock band formed in 1977 in Manhattan Beach, California by guitarist Frank Navetta, bassist Tony Lombardo and drummer Bill Stevenson. In 1979, they enlisted Stevenson's school friend Milo Aukerman as a singer, and reappeared as a punk rock band, becoming a major player in the hardcore punk scene developing in Los Angeles at the time. They have released seven studio albums, three live albums, three compilation albums, and three EPs. Since 1986, the band's lineup has consisted of singer Milo Aukerman, guitarist Stephen Egerton, bassist Karl Alvarez, and drummer Bill Stevenson.\n\n", "Q576191": "Piano Magic was a musical collective formed in the summer of 1996 by Glen Johnson, Dominic Chennell, and Dick Ranch in London, England. Their sound has been described as ambient pop, post-rock, indietronica, dark wave, \"arty baroque pop\" and \"English radiophonic soundscapers\". While later releases saw them operating in a traditional band format, they originally intended to base their recordings around their small nucleus and whoever else would like to contribute. Glen Johnson was the only remaining member from the original trio when the group disbanded in 2017.", "Q3624": "Addis Ababa (Amharic: \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263, Addis Ab\u00e4ba IPA: [ad\u02c8dis \u02c8ab\u0259ba] (listen), \"new flower\") or Addis Abeba, also known as Finfinne (Oromo: Finfinne \"natural spring\"), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. According to the 2007 census, the city has a population of 2,739,551 inhabitants.As a chartered city, Addis Ababa also serves as the capital city of Oromia. It is where the African Union is headquartered and where its predecessor the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) was based. It also hosts the headquarters of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), as well as various other continental and international organizations. Addis Ababa is therefore often referred to as \"the political capital of Africa\" for its historical, diplomatic and political significance for the continent. The city lies a few miles west of the East African Rift which splits Ethiopia into two, through the Nubian Plate and the Somali Plate.The city is populated by people from different regions of Ethiopia. It is home to Addis Ababa University.\n\n", "Q211423": "A goldsmith is a metalworker who specializes in working with gold and other precious metals. Historically, goldsmiths also have made silverware, platters, goblets, decorative and serviceable utensils, ceremonial or religious items, and rarely using Kintsugi, but the rising prices of precious metals have curtailed the making of such items to a large degree.\nGoldsmiths must be skilled in forming metal through filing, soldering, sawing, forging, casting, and polishing metal. The trade has very often included jewellery-making skills, as well as the very similar skills of the silversmith. Traditionally, these skills had been passed along through apprenticeships, however, more recently jewellery arts schools specializing solely in teaching goldsmithing and a multitude of skills falling under the jewellery arts umbrella are available. Many universities and junior colleges also offer goldsmithing, silversmithing, and metal arts fabrication as a part of their fine arts curriculum.\n\nAt least in Europe, goldsmiths increasingly performed many of the functions now regarded as part of banking, especially providing custody of valuable items and currency exchange, though they were usually restrained from lending at interest, which was regarded as usury.", "Q837222": "Candid Records is a record label specialising in jazz, now based in the United Kingdom. It was founded in New York City in 1960 as a subsidiary of Cadence Records, owned by Archie Bleyer. Jazz writer and civil rights activist Nat Hentoff was the label's (A&R) director and, he attempted to create a catalog that represented jazz of the day. He also worked with designer and photographer Frank Gauna to create many memorable album covers.Candid's catalogue included Don Ellis, Abbey Lincoln, Booker Little, Charles Mingus, and Cecil Taylor. The label was bought by pop singer Andy Williams, who reissued some of the catalogue on his Barnaby label in the 1970s.In 1989 Candid was bought by Black Lion Records, which reissued some material on CDs and produced new recordings. The catalogue expanded to include Greg Abate, Kenny Barron, Luis Bonilla, Art Hodes, Lee Konitz, Dave Liebman, Shorty Rogers and Bud Shank, Mongo Santamar\u00eda, and Shirley Scott.", "Q1406115": "John Joseph Hall (born July 23, 1948) is an American musician, politician, environmentalist, and community activist. He was elected to the legislature of Ulster County, New York in 1989 and the Saugerties, New York Board of Education in 1991, and he was the U.S. Representative for New York's 19th congressional district, serving from 2007 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Hall also founded the rock band Orleans in 1972 and continues to perform with them.", "Q313546": "William Joseph Baldwin (born February 21, 1963) is an American actor, producer and writer. A member of the Baldwin family, he is the second-youngest of the four Baldwin brothers. He has starred in the films Flatliners (1990), Backdraft (1991), Sliver (1993), Virus (1999), The Squid and the Whale (2005), A Christmas Trade (2015), played himself in Forgetting Sarah Marshall, and currently stars in and produces the Netflix show Northern Rescue. Baldwin is married to singer Chynna Phillips.", "Q68808": "Porza is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q463588": "Sigmundur Dav\u00ed\u00f0 Gunnlaugsson (pronounced [\u02c8s\u026a\u0263m\u028fnt\u028fr \u02c8ta\u02d0vi\u00f0 \u02c8k\u028fnl\u0153ix\u02ccs\u0254\u02d0n]; born 12 March 1975) is an Icelandic politician who was the youngest serving Prime Minister of Iceland from May 2013 until April 2016. He was also chairman of the Progressive Party from 2009 to October 2016. He was elected to the Althing (Iceland's parliament) as the 8th member for the Reykjav\u00edk Constituency North on 25 April 2009. He has represented the Northeast Constituency as its 1st member since 27 April 2013.\nFollowing the release of the Panama Papers, he announced on 5 April 2016 that he would step aside from the office of Prime Minister. On 7 April 2016 he was replaced as Prime Minister by Sigur\u00f0ur Ingi J\u00f3hannsson, who also replaced him as chairman of the Progressive Party on 2 October 2016.", "Q82209": "Ulysse Pastre (19 January 1864 \u2013 29 January 1930) was a French politician.\nPastre was born in Gallargues-le-Montueux. At first he joined the French Workers' Party (POF), which in 1902 merged into the Socialist Party of France (PSdF), which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. Pastre was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1898 to 1910.", "Q132524": "Ayn Rand (; born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum; February 2 [O.S. January 20] 1905 \u2013 March 6, 1982) was a Russian-American writer and philosopher. She is known for her two best-selling novels, The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged, and for developing a philosophical system she named Objectivism. Educated in Russia, she moved to the United States in 1926. She had a play produced on Broadway in 1935 and 1936. After two early novels that were initially unsuccessful, she achieved fame with her 1943 novel, The Fountainhead. In 1957, Rand published her best-known work, the novel Atlas Shrugged. Afterward, she turned to non-fiction to promote her philosophy, publishing her own periodicals and releasing several collections of essays until her death in 1982.\nRand advocated reason as the only means of acquiring knowledge and rejected faith and religion. She supported rational and ethical egoism and rejected altruism. In politics, she condemned the initiation of force as immoral and opposed collectivism and statism as well as anarchism, instead supporting laissez-faire capitalism, which she defined as the system based on recognizing individual rights, including property rights. In art, Rand promoted romantic realism. She was sharply critical of most philosophers and philosophical traditions known to her, except for Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas and classical liberals.Literary critics received Rand's fiction with mixed reviews and academia generally ignored or rejected her philosophy, though academic interest has increased in recent decades. The Objectivist movement attempts to spread her ideas, both to the public and in academic settings. She has been a significant influence among libertarians and American conservatives.", "Q95775": "Georg von Blumenthal (1490 \u2013 25 September 1550) was a German Prince-Bishop of Ratzeburg and Bishop of Lebus. He also served as a Privy Councillor of the Margraviate of Brandenburg and Chancellor of the University of Frankfurt (Oder), commonly called the Viadrina.", "Q125058": "Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer is a 1986 American psychological horror crime film directed and co-written by John McNaughton about the random crime spree of a serial killer who seemingly operates with impunity. It stars Michael Rooker as the nomadic killer Henry, Tom Towles as Otis, a prison buddy with whom Henry is living, and Tracy Arnold as Becky, Otis's sister. The characters of Henry and Otis are loosely based on convicted real life serial killers Henry Lee Lucas and Ottis Toole.\nHenry was filmed in 1985 but had difficulty finding a film distributor. It premiered at the Chicago International Film Festival in 1986 and played at film festivals throughout the late 1980s. Following successful showings during which it attracted both controversy and positive critical attention, it was rated \"X\" by the MPAA, further increasing its reputation for controversy. It was subsequently picked up for a limited release in 1990 in an unrated version. It was shot on 16mm in less than a month with a budget of $110,000.\nThe original poster artwork was a painting by Joe Coleman, but it was considered too extreme and withdrawn and replaced by the current official poster motive.", "Q71381": "Ingeborg Drewitz (born Ingeborg Neubert; 10 January 1923 \u2013 26 November 1986) was a German writer and academic.", "Q323485": "James Richard Cantalupo (November 14, 1943 \u2013 April 19, 2004) was an American businessman. He served as chairman and chief executive officer of McDonald's Corporation until his sudden death by heart attack at the age of 60.", "Q85566": "Peter Liese (born 20 May 1965) is a German politician who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 1994. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.", "Q1668660": "Ronald \"Ronnie\" Dyson (June 5, 1950 \u2014 November 10, 1990) was an American singer and actor.", "Q167243": "Kseniya Aleksandrovna Rappoport (Russian: \u041a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u043f\u043f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0442; born 25 March 1974 in Saint Petersburg) is a Russian actress. She graduated in 2000 from Saint Petersburg Academy of Theatrical Arts and was immediately invited to join the Maly Drama Theatre. She played Nina Zarechnaya in The Seagull, Elena in Uncle Vania, and Sonia in La doppia ora.\nShe has appeared in films and TV series such as Streets of Broken Lights, Baron, Anna Karenina, Nicholas II (Germany), The Russian Bride, National Security Agent, Empire under Attack, Calendula Flowers, Prokofiev (Germany), Get Thee Out, Criminal Petersburg, Homicide, and I Pay Up Front and My Wife's Romance (France). She starred in the Italian films La sconosciuta (The Unknown Woman; 2006), L'uomo che ama (2008) and in the Golden Lion nominated movie La doppia ora (2009), for which she won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the 66th Venice Film Festival.", "Q349112": "David Draper (born April 16, 1942) is an American bodybuilder, actor, and author.", "Q52570": "Valdemar Langlet (Swedish: [lan\u02c8l\u00e9]; December 17, 1872 in Lerbo, Sweden \u2013 October 16, 1960 in Stockholm) was a Swedish publisher, and an early Esperantist. With his wife Nina Borovko-Langlet in Budapest, he is credited with saving many Jews from the Holocaust, by providing Swedish documents saying that people were waiting for Swedish nationality. Raoul Wallenberg was inspired by Langlet and used the same method to save Jewish people when he came to Budapest. In 1965, Valdemar and Nina Langlet were recognized as Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem.\n\n", "Q151929": "Eduard Ambrosiyevich Shevardnadze (Georgian: \u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4, Eduard Ambrosis dze \u0160evardnadze; 25 January 1928 \u2013 7 July 2014) was a Georgian politician and diplomat. He served as First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party (GPC), the de facto leader of Soviet Georgia from 1972 to 1985 and as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. Shevardnadze was responsible for many key decisions in Soviet foreign policy during the Gorbachev Era including reunification of Germany. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, he was President of Georgia (or in equivalent posts) from 1992 to 2003. He was forced to retire in 2003 as a consequence of the bloodless Rose Revolution.\nShevardnadze started his political career in the late 1940s as a leading member of his local Komsomol organisation. He was later appointed its Second Secretary, then its First Secretary. His rise in the Georgian Soviet hierarchy continued until 1961 when he was demoted after he insulted a senior official. After spending two years in obscurity, Shevardnadze returned as a First Secretary of a Tbilisi city district, and was able to charge the Tbilisi First Secretary at the time with corruption. His anti-corruption work quickly garnered the interest of the Soviet government and Shevardnadze was appointed as First Deputy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Georgian SSR. He would later become the head of the internal affairs ministry and was able to charge First Secretary (leader of Soviet Georgia) Vasil Mzhavanadze with corruption.\nAs First Secretary, Shevardnadze started several economic reforms, which would spur economic growth in the republic\u2014an uncommon occurrence in the Soviet Union because the country was experiencing a nationwide economic stagnation. Shevardnadze's anti-corruption campaign continued until he resigned from his office as First Secretary. Mikhail Gorbachev appointed Shevardnadze to the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs. From then on, with the exception of a brief period between 1990 and 1991, only Gorbachev would outrank Shevardnadze in importance in Soviet foreign policy.\nIn the aftermath of the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991, Shevardnadze returned to the newly independent Georgia. He became the country's head of state following the removal of the country's first president, Zviad Gamsakhurdia. Shevardnadze was formally elected president in 1995. His presidency was marked by rampant corruption and accusations of nepotism. After allegations of electoral fraud during the 2003 legislative election that led to a series of public protests and demonstrations colloquially known as the Rose Revolution, Shevardnadze was forced to resign. He later lived in relative obscurity and published his memoirs.", "Q131005": "Air France (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u025b\u02d0\u0281 f\u0281\u0251\u0303s]; formally Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Air France, S.A.), stylised as AIRFRANCE, is the French flag carrier headquartered in Tremblay-en-France. It is a subsidiary of the Air France\u2013KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance. As of 2013 Air France serves 36 destinations in France and operates worldwide scheduled passenger and cargo services to 175 destinations in 78 countries (93 including overseas departments and territories of France) and also carried 46,803,000 passengers in 2019. The airline's global hub is at Charles de Gaulle Airport with Orly Airport as the primary domestic hub. Air France's corporate headquarters, previously in Montparnasse, Paris, are located on the grounds of Charles de Gaulle Airport, north of Paris.Air France was formed on 7 October 1933 from a merger of Air Orient, Air Union, Compagnie G\u00e9n\u00e9rale A\u00e9ropostale, Compagnie Internationale de Navigation A\u00e9rienne (CIDNA), and Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Transport A\u00e9rien (SGTA). During the Cold War, from 1950 until 1990, it was one of the three main Allied scheduled airlines operating in Germany at West Berlin's Tempelhof and Tegel airports. In 1990, it acquired the operations of French domestic carrier Air Inter and international rival UTA \u2013 Union de Transports A\u00e9riens. It served as France's primary national flag carrier for seven decades prior to its 2003 merger with KLM.\nIn 2018, Air France and its regional subsidiary HOP! carried 51.4 million passengers. Air France operates a mixed fleet of Airbus and Boeing widebody jets on long-haul routes, and uses Airbus A320 family aircraft on short-haul routes. Air France introduced the A380 on 20 November 2009 with service to New York City's JFK Airport from Paris' Charles de Gaulle Airport. HOP! operates the majority of its regional domestic and European scheduled services with a fleet of regional jet aircraft.", "Q1827208": "Liona Maria Carolynne Boyd, CM, O.Ont (born 11 July 1949) is a classical guitarist often referred to as the First Lady of the Guitar.", "Q128554": "Major General Richard William Howard Howard Vyse (25 July 1784 \u2013 8 June 1853) was a British soldier and Egyptologist. He was also Member of Parliament (MP) for Beverley (from 1807 to 1812) and Honiton (from 1812 to 1818).\n\n", "Q677579": "Christ's Hospital, also known colloquially as CH, is an English coeducational independent day and boarding school with Royal Charter located to the south of Horsham in West Sussex. Founded in 1552 and received its first Royal Charter in 1553, Christ's Hospital follows much of the public schools tradition. Since its establishment, Christ's Hospital has been a charity school, with a core aim to offer children from humble backgrounds the chance of a better education.", "Q966051": "Joan Salvat-Papasseit (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8an s\u0259l\u02c8\u03b2at p\u0259p\u0259\u02c8s\u025bjt]; Barcelona, 16 May 1894 \u2013 7 August 1924) was a Catalan poet, though he also wrote articles, manifestos and other prose of a political and social nature. He wrote primarily in Catalan, although he had an early period of essay-writing in Spanish.\nHis work is notable for its nonconformity, idealism and foreboding of premature death. His poetry, with both avant-garde and traditional influences, begins with the publication of Poemes en ondes hertzianes (Poems in Hertzian Waves) in 1919. The cover illustration for the book was created by Joaqu\u00edn Torres Garc\u00eda. Further works of poetry were \"La gesta dels estels\" (The Exploit of the Stars) in 1922 and the culmination of the poet's vital enthusiasm in \"El poema de la rosa als llavis\" (Poem of the Rose in the Lips) in 1923.\nThe city of Barcelona has honored him with a statue at the Moll de la Fusta wharf by Robert Krier (Luxembourg, 1938), the pedestal of which bears a plaque with his poem, \"Nocturn per a acordi\u00f3\", referring to the period when the poet was a night watchman there. His poetry has been brought to the public at large, in particular through musical arrangements and recitals by Llu\u00eds Llach, Ovidi Montllor, Guillermina Motta, Ramon Muntaner, Xavier Ribalta, Joan Manuel Serrat and Rafel Subirachs, amongst others, as well as Carles Andreu in France.", "Q441067": "Jane Smiley (born September 26, 1949) is an American novelist. She won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1992 for her novel A Thousand Acres (1991).", "Q545573": "Taylor Edwin Hackford (born December 31, 1944) is an American film director and former president of the Directors Guild of America. He won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for Teenage Father (1979). Hackford went on to direct a number of highly regarded feature films, most notably An Officer and a Gentleman (1982) and Ray (2004), the latter of which saw him nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director and Academy Award for Best Picture.", "Q106871": "Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action thriller film It was co-produced and directed by John McTiernan (who directed Die Hard) and written by Jonathan Hensleigh, based on the screenplay Simon Says by Hensleigh and on the characters created by Roderick Thorp for his novel Nothing Lasts Forever. Die Hard with a Vengeance is the third film in the Die Hard series, after Die Hard 2 (1990). It is followed by Live Free or Die Hard (2007) and A Good Day to Die Hard (2013).\nThe film stars Bruce Willis as NYPD Lieutenant John McClane, Samuel L. Jackson as McClane's reluctant partner Zeus Carver, and Jeremy Irons as Simon Gruber, brother of Hans Gruber. It was released on May 19, 1995 to mixed reviews and became the highest-grossing film of the year.", "Q446708": "Christina Hambley Brown CBE (born 21 November 1953), is a journalist, magazine editor, columnist, talk-show host, and author of The Diana Chronicles, a biography of Diana, Princess of Wales. Born a British citizen, she now holds joint citizenship after she took United States citizenship in 2005, following her emigration in 1984 to edit Vanity Fair. By marriage, she is legally titled Lady Evans.Having been editor-in-chief of Tatler magazine at the age of 25, she rose to prominence in the American media industry as the editor of Vanity Fair from 1984 to 1992 and of The New Yorker from 1992 to 1998. She was founding editor-in-chief of The Daily Beast, serving from 2008 to 2013.\nAs an editor, she has received four George Polk Awards, five Overseas Press Club awards, and ten National Magazine Awards. In 2000, she was appointed a CBE (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) for her services to overseas journalism, and in 2007 was inducted into the Magazine Editors' Hall of Fame.", "Q319725": "Louis Diamond Phillips (n\u00e9 Upchurch; born February 17, 1962) is a Filipino-American actor and film director. His breakthrough came when he starred as Ritchie Valens in the biographical drama film La Bamba (1987). For the Academy Award-nominated Stand and Deliver (1988), Phillips was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and won an Independent Spirit Award. He made his Broadway debut with the 1996 revival of The King and I, earning a Tony Award nomination for his portrayal of King Mongkut of Siam. Phillips' other notable films include Young Guns (1988), Young Guns II (1990), Courage Under Fire (1996), The Big Hit (1998), Brokedown Palace (1999), Che (2008), and The 33 (2015). In the television series Longmire, he played a main character named Henry Standing Bear.", "Q171421": "Sir Henry Morton Stanley (born John Rowlands; 28 January 1841 \u2013 10 May 1904) was a Welsh journalist and explorer who was famous for his exploration of central Africa and his search for missionary and explorer David Livingstone. Upon finding Livingstone, Stanley claimed to have delivered the now-famous line: \"Dr Livingstone, I presume?\" However, as this line does not appear in his journal from the time and\u2014with the two pages directly following the recording of his initial spotting of Livingstone having been torn out of the journal at some point\u2014it is most likely that Stanley simply embellished the pithy line sometime afterwards. Additionally, Livingstone himself never mentioned it and tended to instead recount, about their first encounter, the reaction of Stanley's servant, Susi, who cried out: \"An Englishman coming! I see him!\"Stanley is mainly known for his search for the source of the Nile, work he undertook as an agent of King Leopold II of Belgium, which enabled the occupation of the Congo Basin region, in addition to his command of the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition. He was knighted in 1899.", "Q118497": "Ad\u00e8le Thorens Goumaz (born 15 December 1971 in Solothurn) is a Swiss politician. She has been a member of the Council of States since December 2019. Previously, she served in the National Council of Switzerland from the Canton of Vaud from 2007 to 2019. She was elected as the co-President of the Green Party of Switzerland with Regula Rytz in 2012 and announced that she would not run for re-election in 2016, leaving the post solely in Rytz\u2019s hands.\n\n", "Q95985": "Hermann Maa\u00df (23 October 1897 \u2013 20 October 1944) was a German member of the Resistance against the Nazi r\u00e9gime.", "Q1926664": "Micaela \"Mica\" Comberti (28 September 1952 \u2013 4 March 2003) was an English violinist who played from 1977 until her death in 2003. Born to a German mother and an Italian father, she was taught at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, the Royal Academy of Music and the Mozarteum University Salzburg. Comberti was involved in early music and played for The English Concert, St. James' Baroque, Ex Cathedra and the Collegium Musicum 90. She also taught at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, the Royal College of Music and the Royal Academy of Music. An award and position at the Royal Academy of Music are named after the violinist.", "Q1420844": "Reinhold Friedrich (born 14 July 1958) is a German trumpeter and university lecturer in Karlsruhe.", "Q216364": "Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese conglomerate Sony. The label was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953, but later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of genres, including pop, R&B, rock, and hip hop. Epic Records has released music by artists including Bobby Vinton, Glenn Miller, Tammy Wynette, George Michael, The Yardbirds, Donovan, Shakin Stevens, Europe, Cheap Trick, Meat Loaf, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Ted Nugent, Shakira, Sly & the Family Stone, The Hollies, Celine Dion, ABBA, Culture Club, Boston, The Dave Clark Five, Gloria Estefan, Pearl Jam, Rage Against the Machine, Ginuwine, and Michael Jackson. Along with Arista, Columbia and RCA Records, Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainment's four flagship record labels.\nArtists who have signed to Epic Records include Mudvayne, Fuel, French Montana, Fiona Apple, Sara Bareilles, Mariah Carey, Future, Fifth Harmony, Zara Larsson, Jennifer Hudson, Keyshia Cole, Franz Ferdinand, Revis, Outkast, Bella Thorne, Ozzy Osbourne, Judas Priest, Cheyenne Kimball, Busta Rhymes, Verbow, Rick Ross, 21 Savage, Bernard Butler, Travis Scott, DJ Khaled, Silverchair, Ultraspank, Meghan Trainor, Camila Cabello, Wrabel, Swizz Beatz, Pearl Jam, The Black Eyed Peas and Louis Tomlinson.", "Q30493": "The Aiguille de Bionnassay (elevation 4,052 metres (13,294 ft)) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif of the Alps in France and Italy. It has been described as \"one of the most attractive satellite peaks of Mont Blanc\", and is located on its western side. The mountain's south and east ridges form the frontier between the two countries, and its summit is a knife-edge crest of snow and ice. Reaching it via any route provides a \"splendid and serious snow and ice climb\".", "Q84888": "Alexander Roda Roda (April 13, 1872 \u2013 August 20, 1945) was an Austrian writer.\n\n", "Q82221": "Stuyvesant Wainwright II (March 16, 1921 \u2013 March 6, 2010) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from New York.", "Q174559": "These Three is a 1936 American drama film directed by William Wyler and starring Miriam Hopkins, Merle Oberon, Joel McCrea, and Bonita Granville. The screenplay by Lillian Hellman is based on her 1934 play The Children's Hour.\nA 1961 remake of the film, also directed by Wyler, was released as The Children's Hour in the US and The Loudest Whisper in the UK.", "Q1137665": "Ghent University (Dutch: Universiteit Gent, abbreviated as UGent) is a public research university located in Ghent, Belgium. It was established in 1817 by King William I of the Netherlands. After the Belgian revolution of 1830, the newly formed Belgian state began to administer the university. In 1930, the university became the first Dutch-speaking university in Belgium, whereas French had previously been the standard academic language in what was Universit\u00e9 de Gand. In 1991, it was granted major autonomy and changed its name accordingly from State University of Ghent (Dutch: Rijksuniversiteit Gent, abbreviated as RUG) to its current designation.\nIn contrast to the Catholic University of Leuven or the Free University of Brussels, UGent considers itself a pluralist university in a special sense, i.e. not connected to any particular religion or political ideology. Its motto Inter Utrumque ('In Between Both Extremes'), on the coat of arms, suggests the acquisition of wisdom and science comes only in an atmosphere of peace, when the institution is fully supported by the monarchy and fatherland.\nGhent University is one of the biggest Flemish universities, consisting of 44,000 students and 9,000 staff members. The University also supports the University Library and the University Hospital, which is one of the largest hospitals in Belgium. It is one of the greatest beneficiaries of funding from the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO). Ghent University consistently rates among the top 100 universities in the world.", "Q932400": "The Union Party (Faroese: Sambandsflokkurin, also translated Unionist Party) is a conservative-liberal, agrarian political party on the Faroe Islands. The party wants to maintain the Faroe Islands' union with Denmark. On 24 October 2015 B\u00e1r\u00f0ur \u00e1 Steig Nielsen succeeded Kaj Leo Johannesen as party leader.\nIn the elections in 2008, the party won 21.0% of the popular vote and 7 out of 33 seats. After having been in the opposition for a short interval after the elections, the Union Party formed a new government in September 2008, and Kaj Leo Johannesen became prime minister.\nIn the Danish parliamentary elections of 2007, the party received 23.5% of the Faroese vote, thereby gaining one of the two Faroese seats in the Parliament of Denmark.\nAt the general elections in 2011 the party gained 24.7% of the votes and 8 seats out of 33. However, on 10 February 2014 the party gained one more seat in the L\u00f8gting, after Gerhard Lognberg who was elected to the parliament representing the Social Democratic Party, joined the Union Party. This happened three months after Lognberg had been expelled from the Social Democratic Party due to some disagreements, making the Union Party the joint biggest party of the Faroese parliament, along with the People's Party.", "Q210715": "Aigars Kalv\u012btis (born 27 June 1966) is a Latvian businessman and a former politician who was the Prime Minister of Latvia from 2004 to 2007. Currently he is the president of Latvian Ice Hockey Federation and the Chairman of the Board of Latvian gas company Latvijas G\u0101ze. He is the Chairman of the Council of Latvian telecommunications company Tet.\n\n", "Q77900": "Heinar Kipphardt (8 March 1922 - 18 November 1982) was a German writer. He came to prominence with the documentary theatre during the 1960s.\nHe is best known for In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer, a dramatization of the Oppenheimer security hearing.", "Q16096634": "Kawaii metal (also known as idol metal, cute metal, or kawaiicore) is a musical genre that blends elements of heavy metal and J-pop that was pioneered in Japan in the early 2010s. A typical kawaii metal composition combines the instrumentation found in various types of heavy metal music with J-pop melodies and a Japanese idol aesthetic. Kawaii metal's lyrical topics are often less hostile than those of other heavy metal genres.\nThe Japanese girl group Babymetal is often credited with the creation and success of kawaii metal. In addition to Babymetal, kawaii metal acts such as Ladybaby have garnered media attention, as well as minor commercial attention, for performing songs of this genre.", "Q1138556": "La F\u00e9mis (French: \u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des M\u00e9tiers de l'Image et du Son, formerly known as the Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes cin\u00e9matographiques, IDHEC) is the film and television school of PSL Research University. \nFEMIS (pronounced [femis]) is an acronym for Fondation Europ\u00e9enne pour les M\u00e9tiers de l'Image et du Son. Based in Paris, it offers courses balanced between artistic research, professional development and technical training.\nIn 2012, The Hollywood Reporter rated La f\u00e9mis no.6 in its best international film school rankings (it included U.S.-based film schools) and no.3 in its 2014 best international film school rankings (it excluded U.S.-based film schools). Its alumni have won three of the world's most prestigious film prizes - Cannes Film Festival's Golden Palm, Venice Film Festival's Golden Lion and Berlin International Film Festival's Golden Bear - ten times, making it the most rewarded film school in the world, preceding the Beijing Film Academy and the Tisch School of the Arts of New York City, in winning those three prizes.", "Q761469": "Science fiction comedy or comic science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction or science fantasy that exploits the science-fiction (SF) genre's conventions for comedic effect. Comic science fiction often mocks or satirizes standard SF conventions - such as alien invasion of Earth, interstellar travel, or futuristic technology. It can also satirize and criticize present-day society.An early example was the Pete Manx series by Henry Kuttner and Arthur K. Barnes (sometimes writing together and sometimes separately, under the house pen-name of Kelvin Kent). Published in Thrilling Wonder Stories in the late 1930s and early 1940s, the series featured a time-traveling carnival barker who uses his con-man abilities to get out of trouble. Two later series cemented Kuttner's reputation as one of the most popular early writers of comic science fiction: the Gallegher series (about a drunken inventor and his narcissistic robot) and the Hogben series (about a family of mutant hillbillies). The former appeared in Astounding Science Fiction in 1943 and 1948 and was collected in hardcover as Robots Have No Tails (Gnome, 1952), and the latter appeared in Thrilling Wonder Stories in the late 1940s. In the 1950s comedy became more common in science fiction. Some of the authors contributing included: Alfred Bester, Harry Harrison, C.M. Kornbluth, Frederik Pohl, and Robert Sheckley.The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a comic science-fiction series written by Douglas Adams. Originally a radio comedy broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1978, it later morphed into other formats, including stage shows, novels, comic books, a 1981 TV series, a 1984 computer game, and 2005 feature film. A prominent series in British popular culture, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy has become an international multi-media phenomenon; the novels are the most widely distributed, having been translated into more than 30 languages by 2005.Terry Pratchett's 1981 novel Strata also exemplifies the comic science fiction genre.Red Dwarf primarily consists of a television sitcom that aired on BBC Two between 1988 and 1999, and on Dave since 2009, gaining a cult following. As of 2018 eleven full series of the show plus one \"special\" miniseries have aired. The latest series, dubbed Red Dwarf XII, started airing in October 2017.", "Q2512": "Kurt Georg Kiesinger (German: [\u02c8k\u028a\u0281t \u02c8\u0261e\u02d0\u0254\u0281k \u02c8ki\u02d0z\u026a\u014b\u0250]; 6 April 1904 \u2013 9 March 1988) was a German politician who served as Chancellor of Germany (West Germany) from 1 December 1966 to 21 October 1969. Before he became Chancellor he served as Minister President of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg from 1958 to 1966 and as President of the Federal Council from 1962 to 1963. He was Chairman of the Christian Democratic Union from 1967 to 1971.\nKiesinger studied law and worked as a lawyer in Berlin from 1935 to 1940. To avoid conscription, he found work at the Foreign Office in 1940, and became deputy head of the Foreign Office's broadcasting department. During his service at the Foreign Office, he was denounced by two colleagues for his anti-Nazi stance. He had nevertheless joined the Nazi Party in 1933, but remained a largely inactive member. In 1946 he became a member of the Christian Democratic Union. He was elected to the Bundestag in 1949, and was a member of the Bundestag until 1958 and again from 1969 to 1980. He left federal politics for eight years to serve as Minister President of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, and subsequently became Chancellor by forming a grand coalition with Willy Brandt's Social Democratic Party.\nKiesinger was considered an outstanding orator and mediator, and was dubbed \"Silver Tongue.\" He was an author of poetry and various books, and founded the universities of Konstanz and Ulm as Minister President of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.", "Q583326": "Donal MacIntyre (born 25 January 1966) is an Irish investigative journalist, specialising in investigations, undercover operations and television expos\u00e9s.\nThe risks of repeatedly going undercover have meant that MacIntyre has increasingly turned to presenting on films where his colleagues have undertaken the undercover work. He has also branched out into more traditional presenting roles, on weather phenomena and wildlife documentaries on the BBC and Channel 5. In 2007 he directed A Very British Gangster, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. From April 2010, MacIntyre presented ITV's local news show London Tonight, departing after only a few months after taking up the post. MacIntyre is also famously known for his solo episode investigation entitled \"Cheap As Chimps\".\nIn 2009, MacIntyre took part in the fourth series of Dancing on Ice, where he was runner-up to Ray Quinn. In 2014, he participated in the first series of The Jump where he was runner-up to Joe McElderry.\nMacIntyre currently fronts the CBS Reality documentary series Donal MacIntyre: Unsolved, which looks at unsolved cases such as abductions and murders, that MacIntyre and his team try to shed new light upon.", "Q85228": "Emil K\u00f6rner Henze (10 October 1846 in Wegwitz \u2013 25 March 1920 in Berlin), sometimes called Emilio K\u00f6rner Henze in Spanish, was a German officer (Hauptmann) of the Prussian Army and Commander-in-chief of the Chilean Army with the rank of Inspector General from 1900 to 1910.\n\n", "Q92754": "Ralph E. Johnson is a Research Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is a co-author of the influential computer science textbook Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, for which he won the 2010 ACM SIGSOFT Outstanding Research Award.Johnson was an early pioneer in the Smalltalk community and is a continued supporter of the language. He has held several executive roles at the ACM Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages and Applications conference OOPSLA. He initiated the popular OOPSLA Design Fest workshop.", "Q389336": "The American Academy of Dramatic Arts (AADA) is a private performing arts conservatory with two locations, one in Manhattan and one in Los Angeles. The Academy offers an associate degree in occupational studies and teaches drama and related arts in the areas of theater, film, and television. Students also have the opportunity to audition for the third-year theater company. Students can usually transfer completed credits to another college or university to finish a bachelor's degree if they choose.", "Q5058741": "Cemit\u00e9rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Batista (Saint John the Baptist's Cemetery) is a municipal necropolis originally owned and operated by the Santa Casa da Miseric\u00f3rdia do Rio de Janeiro (Holy House of Mercy of Rio de Janeiro), and run, since August 2014, by the private company Rio Pax.Located in the neighborhood of Botafogo, it is the only cemetery in the city's south area, the Zona Sul, and, on October 5, 2015, it became the first cemetery in Latin America to be featured in Google Street View.", "Q79093": "Franz Xaver Karl Georg Arthur von Werner, better known by his pseudonym and Muslim name Murad Effendi, (Vienna, 30 May 1836 \u2013 The Hague, 12 September 1881) was an Austrian writer, nobleman and later diplomat for the Ottoman Empire.", "Q270787": "Kismayo (Somali: Kismaayo; Arabic: \u0643\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\u200e, K\u012bsm\u0101y\u016b; Italian: Chisimaio) is a port city in the southern Lower Juba (Jubbada Hoose) province of Somalia. It is the commercial capital of the autonomous Jubaland region. \nThe city is situated 528 kilometres (328 miles) southwest of Mogadishu, near the mouth of the Jubba River, where the waters empty into the Somali Sea. According to the United Nations Development Programme, the city of Kismayo had a population of around 89,333 in 2005.During the Middle Ages, Kismayo and its surrounding area was part of the Ajuran Empire that governed much of southern Somalia and eastern Ethiopia, with its domain extending from Hobyo in the north, to Qelafo in the west, to Kismayo in the south.In the early modern period, Kismayo was ruled by the Geledi Sultanate and by the later 1800s, the Boqow dynasty. The kingdom was eventually incorporated into Italian Somaliland in 1910 after the death of the last sultan, Osman Ahmed. After independence in 1960, the city was made the center of the official Kismayo District.\nKismayo was the site of numerous battles during the civil war, from the early 1990s. In late 2006, Islamist militants gained control of most of the city. To reclaim possession of the territory, a new autonomous regional administration dubbed Azania was announced in 2010 and formalized in 2011. In September 2012, the Somali National Army and AMISOM troops re-captured the city from the Al-Shabaab insurgents. The Juba Interim Administration was subsequently officially established and recognized in 2013.", "Q175121": "Marcus Licinius Crassus (; c. 115 BC or 112 BC \u2013 53 BC) was a Roman general and politician who played a key role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. He is often called \"The richest man in Rome\".Crassus began his public career as a military commander under Lucius Cornelius Sulla during his civil war. Following Sulla's assumption of the dictatorship, Crassus amassed an enormous fortune through real estate speculation. Crassus rose to political prominence following his victory over the slave revolt led by Spartacus, sharing the consulship with his rival Pompey the Great.\nA political and financial patron of Julius Caesar, Crassus joined Caesar and Pompey in the unofficial political alliance known as the First Triumvirate. Together the three men dominated the Roman political system. The alliance did not last long, due to the ambitions, egos, and jealousies of the three men. While Caesar and Crassus were lifelong allies, Crassus and Pompey disliked each other and Pompey grew increasingly envious of Caesar's spectacular successes in the Gallic Wars. The alliance was re-stabilized at the Lucca Conference in 56 BC, after which Crassus and Pompey again served jointly as consuls. Following his second consulship, Crassus was appointed as the Governor of Roman Syria. Crassus used Syria as the launchpad for a military campaign against the Parthian Empire, Rome's long-time Eastern enemy. Crassus' campaign was a disastrous failure, ending in his defeat and death at the Battle of Carrhae.\nCrassus' death permanently unravelled the alliance between Caesar and Pompey. His political influence and wealth had been a counterbalance to the two greater militarists. Within four years of Crassus' death, Caesar crossed the Rubicon and began a civil war against Pompey and the Optimates.", "Q1683831": "Jasmine You (March 8, 1979 \u2013 August 9, 2009) was a Japanese musician, best known as original bassist of the symphonic metal band Versailles. Jasmine You, then known as Yuu, entered the visual kei music scene in 1998 after joining Jakura, who managed to become somewhat successful before disbanding in 2003. In 2006 he was invited by his long-time friend Hizaki to join his solo project. Soon after he also took part in the theatrical rock show Node of Scherzo, with Hizaki, Kamijo, Juka and Kaya. In 2007 he joined Versailles and stayed with them until his illness and death in 2009.", "Q280306": "G\u00e9rson de Oliveira Nunes, generally known as G\u00e9rson (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0292\u025b\u0281s\u00f5]; born 11 January 1941 in Niter\u00f3i), nicknamed Canhotinha de ouro (literally: Golden left foot), is a Brazilian former association footballer who played as a midfielder. He won numerous national trophies with the club sides of Flamengo, Botafogo, S\u00e3o Paulo and Fluminense. He is widely known as being \"the brain\" behind the Brazilian Football Team that won the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico.", "Q4886218": "Ben R. Neumann (born Bernd Neumann; 27 May 1966 in Krefeld, Germany) was an American entrepreneur, investor, film producer and mixed martial artist, best known for founding early Internet hosting service Internet Communication Icom.com, and his subsequent investments into companies such as iBoost.com, Globat.com, FatCow.com and his work in the motion picture industry. Some of Ben's more recent ventures were the content delivery networks NetDNA, MaxCDN and HDDN, which he co-founded together with business partner and prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Chris Ueland in October 2009. In 2011, through his consulting firm Innovative Currency, Ben ventured outside the technology field and created his unique coaching programs InspireMoreHeroes and MillionairesMentor.\nNeumann, a former bodyguard, and avid martial artist since second grade, who grew up in Krefeld, Germany in a working-class family, immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1994. While working on his martial arts career and after winning several mixed martial arts tournaments, he successfully built and sold his first U.S.-based technology company Icom.com at the pinnacle of the Dot-com bubble in 1998, a move that made him one of the original Internet pioneers. He subsequently began investing into other technology and real estate companies and became involved with film making in Los Angeles in early 2004, when he was approached by an independent filmmaker. The result of this partnership was Dark World, starring Michael Pare and Theresa Russell. Neumann also produced or was involved with other notable films and TV shows, such as American Idol, The Apprentice, Grey's Anatomy, House M.D., Only in LA, You, Me, Love and Smile of April. He continued to invest in local niche companies and became an engaged community activist. In March 2006 Neumann was elected to the Board of the Studio City Neighborhood Council and was President of the Council from March 2008 until June 2010.\nAs a successful immigrant entrepreneur, Neumann has been quoted off-line and online in numerous ezines, magazines and books. For his achievements in the technology sector he was nominated for Ernst & Young's Entrepreneur of the Year award in 2000 and 2003.\nHe passed away in February 2020 after suffering a heart attack.", "Q101878": "Friedrich Griese (2 October 1890, Lehsten \u2013 1 July 1975) was a German novelist. He was associated with the nationalist literary movement during the Third Reich.\nGriese wrote mostly about peasant life in northern Germany. His most important books were written before the advent of the Nazi government in 1933, so he cannot be considered so much a proponent of Nazi ideologies as a precursor to them. He wrote his first autobiography, Mein Leben, at the height of his popularity in 1934, his second one, Leben in dieser Zeit, in 1970.\nGriese's novels are nostalgic both in their interest in medieval German literature and their enthusiasm for an idealized conception of the spirit of the German peasant. In this sense they are solidly within the Blut und Boden (Blood and Soil) school popular during the Third Reich. However, according to Charles Albert Schumann, he is more interested in connection to one's ancestors than in race as it was popularly conceived at the time. His best-known novels are Feuer, Winter, and Die Weissk\u00f6pfe, all stories of agrarian life in 19th and 20th century Germany.\nAfter the Second World War, Griese was briefly interned at the infamous NKVD Special Camp F\u00fcnfeichen. However, he was, after his release, able to write, principally as a scholar of Fritz Reuter, during the postwar years. He published one novel, Der Zug der Grossen V\u00f6gel, during this period. Like most popular Third Reich authors, he is largely forgotten in contemporary Germany, and his books can only be obtained second-hand.\n\nIn 1960, Griese became the first president of the newly established Fritz Reuter Gesellschaft (F. R. Society). In recent years the Literaturtage in Lehsten, a colloquium in Bad Doberan, the Deutsches Literaturarchiv in Marbach, and the Fritz Reuter Literary Archive (Fritz Reuter Literaturarchiv) Hans-Joachim Griephan Berlin have paid scholarly attention to his works. A collection of his letters and manuscripts are one of the focal points of the Fritz Reuter Literaturarchiv which also keeps an index of the more than 600 letters from and to Friedrich Griese.", "Q862223": "H\u00fcsker D\u00fc was an American rock band formed in Saint Paul, Minnesota, in 1979. The band's continual members were guitarist/vocalist Bob Mould, bassist/vocalist Greg Norton, and drummer/vocalist Grant Hart. H\u00fcsker D\u00fc first gained notability as a hardcore punk band, later crossing over into alternative rock. Mould and Hart were the principal songwriters for H\u00fcsker D\u00fc, with Hart's higher-pitched vocals and Mould's baritone taking the lead in alternating songs.\nFollowing the release of three LPs and an EP on independent label SST Records, including the critically acclaimed Zen Arcade in 1984, the band signed to Warner Bros. Records in 1986 to release their final two studio albums. H\u00fcsker D\u00fc disbanded in January 1988. Mould later released two solo albums before forming Sugar in the early 1990s, while Hart released a solo album on SST and later formed Nova Mob. \nAfter the respective bands broke up in the mid-1990s, Mould and Hart continued doing solo work, the latter until his death in 2017. Norton was initially less active musically after H\u00fcsker D\u00fc and focused on being a restaurateur instead. He returned to the recording industry in 2006.", "Q286777": "Anna Deavere Smith (born September 18, 1950) is an American actress, playwright, and professor. She is known for her roles as National Security Advisor Dr. Nancy McNally in The West Wing (2000\u201306), hospital administrator Gloria Akalitus in the Showtime series Nurse Jackie (2009\u201315), and as U.S. District Court Clerk Tina Krissman on the ABC show For the People (2018\u201319).\nSmith is a recipient of The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize (2013). In 2015 she was selected as the Jefferson Lecturer by the National Endowment for the Humanities. She is the founding director of the Institute on the Arts and Civic Dialogue at New York University.", "Q650878": "Otto Suhr (17 August 1894 \u2013 30 August 1957) was a German politician as a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He served as the Governing Mayor of Berlin (i.e. West Berlin) from 1955 until his death.\n\n", "Q96532": "Franz Ernst Heinrich Spitzner (October 31, 1787 \u2013 July 2, 1841) was a German educator and philologist who specialized in Homeric studies. He was born in Trebitz, Saxony-Anhalt.\nHe studied theology and philology at the University of Wittenberg, where he was student of Christian Lobeck (1781\u20131860). In 1811 he became conrector at the Lyceum at Wittenberg, where two years later he was appointed rector. In 1820 he relocated to the Gymnasium at Erfurt, and in 1824 returned to his former position at the Wittenberg Lyceum.", "Q376484": "Gunnar Hel\u00e9n (5 June 1918, in Ving\u00e5ker \u2013 8 December 2002, in Nacka) was a Swedish liberal politician. He was party leader of Liberal People's Party 1969-1975, Governor of Kronoberg County 1965-1970 and of Stockholm County 1977-1984.\nSee also: List of Stockholm Governors, List of Kronoberg Governors", "Q1508104": "Indie Recordings is a Norwegian record label focusing on hard rock and heavy metal, founded in 2005 by Erik and Espen R\u00f8hne as a side project of Indie Distribution. In 2006 Erlend Gjerde joined Indie Recordings and Indie Distribution and together they developed the label from a \"hobby project\" into one of the leading independent record labels in Scandinavia, releasing gold albums by bands Kvelertak and Satyricon. Indie Recordings mainly focused on developing Norwegian acts like 1349, Kvelertak, Satyricon, Enslaved, God Seed, Keep of Kalessin, Wardruna, Audrey Horne, and Oslo Ess. But the label has also signed foreign acts such as Cult of Luna, Hacride, and Steak Number Eight.", "Q168616": "Jotham Post Jr. (April 4, 1771 \u2013 May 15, 1817) was a U.S. Representative from the state of New York, United States.\n\n", "Q349674": "Harold Adrian Walden (10 October 1887, Umballa, India \u2013 2 December 1955, Leeds) was an English amateur football player who played for several clubs, Halifax Town, Bradford City and Arsenal. Walden also played for Great Britain's football team, with which he won gold in the 1912 Summer Olympics.", "Q170059": "Manuel Gonz\u00e1lez de Candamo e Iriarte (14 July 1841 \u2013 7 May 1904) served as the 23rd President of Peru from 1903 until his death in 1904. He also served as Interim President of Peru, officially as the President of the Government Junta, from 8 September 1903 until his death the following year.", "Q356998": "Harold French (23 April 1897 \u2013 19 October 1997) was an English film director, screenwriter and actor.\n\n", "Q151083": "Maria Anna (Marie Anne) Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi Levoy (3 January 1777 \u2013 7 August 1820), Princesse Fran\u00e7aise, was an Italian ruler, Princess of Lucca and Piombino (1805-1814), Princess of Lucca (1805-1814), Grand Duchess of Tuscany (1809-1814) and Countess of Compignano by appointment of her brother Napoleon Bonaparte. \nShe was the fourth surviving child and eldest surviving daughter of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino. A younger sister of Napoleon Bonaparte, she had elder brothers Joseph and Lucien, and younger siblings Louis, Pauline, Caroline and Jerome.\nAs Princess of Lucca and Piombino, then Grand Duchess of Tuscany, she became Napoleon's only sister to possess political power. Their relations were sometimes strained due to her sharp tongue. Highly interested in the arts, particularly the theatre, she encouraged them in the territories over which she ruled.", "Q301618": "Koji Nakamura (\u4e2d\u6751 \u5f18\u4e8c, Nakamura K\u014dji, born September 28, 1977 in Towada, Aomori) is a Japanese musician who is most famous for being the lead singer/songwriter in the Japanese band Supercar. His music style in general involves drone-like guitar riffs and mixed in raw electronica. He presently records music under the names iLL and Nakamura Koji, and also participates in a band called Lama.", "Q171353": "Esztergom (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025bst\u025br\u0261om] listen , German: Gran, Slovak: Ostrihom, known by alternative names) is a city in northern Hungary, 46 kilometres (29 miles) northwest of the capital Budapest. It lies in Kom\u00e1rom-Esztergom county, on the right bank of the river Danube, which forms the border with Slovakia there.\nEsztergom was the capital of Hungary from the 10th till the mid-13th century when King B\u00e9la IV of Hungary moved the royal seat to Buda.\nEsztergom is the seat of the pr\u00edm\u00e1s (see Primate) of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary, and the former seat of the Constitutional Court of Hungary.\nThe city has the Kereszt\u00e9ny M\u00fazeum, the largest ecclesiastical collection in Hungary.\nIts cathedral, Esztergom Basilica is the largest church in Hungary.", "Q1771319": "Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum is located at 280 Secor Road in the hamlet of Hartsdale, town of Greenburgh, Westchester County, New York, United States, about 25 miles (40 km) north of Midtown Manhattan. It was founded in 1902, and is non-sectarian. Ferncliff has three community mausoleums including columbariums, a crematory, a small chapel, and a main office located in the rear of the main building.", "Q523184": "The Flaming Lips are an American rock band formed in 1983 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The group recorded several albums and EPs on an indie label, Restless, in the 1980s and early 1990s. After signing to Warner Brothers, they released their first record with Warner, Hit to Death in the Future Head (1992). They later released The Soft Bulletin (1999), which was NME magazine's Album of the Year, and then Yoshimi Battles the Pink Robots (2002). In February 2007, they were nominated for a BRIT Award for \"Best International Act\". The group has won three Grammy Awards, including two for Best Rock Instrumental Performance. They were placed on Q magazine's list of the \"50 Bands to See Before You Die\" in 2002.", "Q7318": "Nazi Germany, also known as the Third Reich (Drittes Reich) and officially the Deutsches Reich (German Reich) until 1943 and Gro\u00dfdeutsches Reich (Greater German Reich) from 1943 to 1945, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party (NSDAP) controlled the country which they transformed into a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The Third Reich name, meaning Third Realm or Third Empire, alluded to the Nazis' perception that Nazi Germany was the successor of the earlier Holy Roman (800\u20131806) and German (1871\u20131918) empires. The regime ended after the Allies defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II in Europe.\nHitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic, Paul von Hindenburg, on 30 January 1933. The NSDAP then began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate its power. Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934 and Hitler became dictator of Germany by merging the offices and powers of the Chancellery and Presidency. A national referendum held 19 August 1934 confirmed Hitler as sole F\u00fchrer (leader) of Germany. All power was centralised in Hitler's person and his word became the highest law. The government was not a coordinated, co-operating body, but a collection of factions struggling for power and Hitler's favour. In the midst of the Great Depression, the Nazis restored economic stability and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending and a mixed economy. Using deficit spending, the regime undertook extensive public works, including the construction of Autobahnen (motorways). The return to economic stability boosted the regime's popularity.\nRacism, especially antisemitism, was a central ideological feature of the regime. The Germanic peoples were considered by the Nazis to be the master race, the purest branch of the Aryan race. Discrimination and persecution against Jews and Romani people began in earnest after the seizure of power. The first concentration camps were established in March 1933. Jews and others deemed undesirable were imprisoned, and liberals, socialists, and communists were killed, imprisoned, or exiled. Christian churches and citizens that opposed Hitler's rule were oppressed and many leaders imprisoned. Education focused on racial biology, population policy, and fitness for military service. Career and educational opportunities for women were curtailed. Recreation and tourism were organised via the Strength Through Joy program, and the 1936 Summer Olympics showcased Germany on the international stage. Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels made effective use of film, mass rallies, and Hitler's hypnotic oratory to influence public opinion. The government controlled artistic expression, promoting specific art forms and banning or discouraging others.\nThe Nazi regime dominated neighbours through military threats in the years leading up to war. Nazi Germany made increasingly aggressive territorial demands, threatening war if these were not met. It seized Austria and almost all of Czechoslovakia in 1938 and 1939. Germany signed a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union and invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, launching World War II in Europe. By early 1941, Germany controlled much of Europe. Reichskommissariats took control of conquered areas and a German administration was established in the remainder of Poland. Germany exploited the raw materials and labour of both its occupied territories and its allies. Einsatzgruppen paramilitary death squads inside the occupied territories conducted mass killings of millions of Jews and other peoples deemed undesirable by the state. Many others were imprisoned, worked to death, or murdered in Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps. This genocide is known as the Holocaust.\nWhile the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 was initially successful, the Soviet resurgence and entry of the United States into the war meant the Wehrmacht (German armed forces) lost the initiative on the Eastern Front in 1943 and by late 1944 had been pushed back to the pre-1939 border. Large-scale aerial bombing of Germany escalated in 1944 and the Axis powers were driven back in Eastern and Southern Europe. After the Allied invasion of France, Germany was conquered by the Soviet Union from the east and the other Allies from the west, and capitulated in May 1945. Hitler's refusal to admit defeat led to massive destruction of German infrastructure and additional war-related deaths in the closing months of the war. The victorious Allies initiated a policy of denazification and put many of the surviving Nazi leadership on trial for war crimes at the Nuremberg trials.", "Q64968": "Christoph Friedrich Blumhardt (1842\u20131919) was a German Lutheran theologian and one of the founders of Christian socialism in Germany and Switzerland. He was a well-known preacher. In 1899 he announced his support for socialism and joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany; for this, he lost his position as minister. The next year, he was elected to the state parliament of W\u00fcrttemberg.\nAs the First World War broke out, he declared his belief in a coming Kingdom of God, declaring \"we live in the time before a massive change in the world. This darkness will be vanquished through the Lord Jesus Christ.\" He was a significant influence on the theologians Karl Barth, Hermann Kutter, and Leonhard Ragaz, who were also Christian socialists.\nThe son of Johann Christoph Blumhardt, Christoph Blumhardt was born at M\u00f6ttlingen on 1 June 1842, at the very time his father was becoming involved in the struggle with Gottliebin's demons. As his father had done before him, he took university training pointing toward a Reformed pastorate. However, he became disillusioned with the church and theology and so decided simply to return home to Bad Boll and act as a helper there. Upon his father's death, then, he took over as housefather and continued the work until his own death in 1919.\nIn time, the younger Blumhardt became quite renowned as a mass evangelist and faith healer. But after a very successful \"crusade\" in Berlin in 1888, he drastically cut back both activities, saying,\n\nI do not want to suggest that it is of little importance for God to heal the sick; actually, it now is happening more and more often\u2014although very much in quiet. However, things should not be promoted as though God\u2019s kingdom consists in the healing of sick people. To be cleansed is more important than to be healed. It is more important to have a heart for God\u2019s cause, not to be chained to the world but be able to move for the kingdom of God.\nBlumhardt's interest gradually took what could be called \"a turn to the world\", namely, a focus upon the great socioeconomic issues of the day. Under the impetus of this concern Blumhardt chose, in a public and conspicuous way, to cast his lot with democratic socialism, the much-maligned workers' movement that then was fighting tooth and nail for the right of the working class. Although it brought upon his head the wrath of both the civil and ecclesiastical establishments, he addressed protest rallies, ran for office on the party slate, and was elected to a six-year term in the W\u00fcrttemberg legislature. He was asked to resign his ministerial status in the church. Blumhardt began as a very active and energetic legislator, but as time passed he greatly curtailed this activity and bluntly declined to stand for a second term of office. Clearly, the pattern was of a piece with his earlier retreat from mass evangelism and faith healing.\nBlumhardt's disillusionment with democratic socialism \u2013 i.e., with the party politics, not with the movement's purposes and ideals \u2013 and the even greater disillusionment which came toward the close of his life with the dark years of the First World War. These brought him to a final position expressed in the dialectical motto: Wait and Hasten. Staunchly anti-war, his understanding was that the call of the Christian is still for him to give himself completely to the cause of the kingdom. To do everything in his power to help the world toward that goal. Yet, at the same time, a Christian must remain calm and patient, unperturbed even if his efforts show no signs of success, willing to wait for the Lord to bring the kingdom at his own pace and in his own way. And, according to Blumhardt, far from being inactivity, this sort of waiting is itself a very strong and creative action in the very hastening of the kingdom. Blumhardt suffered a stroke in 1917 and died a peaceful death on 2 August 1919 in Jebenhausen.\n\n", "Q4911164": "William Selden Todman (July 31, 1916 \u2013 July 29, 1979) was an American television producer and personality born in New York City. He produced many of television's longest running shows with business partner Mark Goodson, with whom he created Goodson-Todman Productions.", "Q1507223": "George David Low (February 19, 1956 \u2013 March 15, 2008) was an American aerospace executive and a NASA astronaut. He was born in 1956 to Dr. George Low, the Manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program Office. With undergraduate degrees in physics and mechanical engineering and a master's degree in aeronautics and astronautics, he worked in the JPL at the California Institute of Technology in the early 80's, before being picked as an astronaut candidate by NASA in 1984. In addition to holding some technical assignments, he logged more than 700 hours in space (including stints on the Columbia, the Atlantis and the Endeavour), before he left NASA in 1996 to pursue a career in the private sector.", "Q34187": "Religious studies, also known as the study of religion, is an academic field devoted to research into religious beliefs, behaviors, and institutions. It describes, compares, interprets, and explains religion, emphasizing systematic, historically based, and cross-cultural perspectives.\nWhile theology attempts to understand the nature of transcendent or supernatural forces (such as deities), religious studies tries to study religious behavior and belief from outside any particular religious viewpoint. Religious studies draws upon multiple disciplines and their methodologies including anthropology, sociology, psychology, philosophy, and history of religion.\nReligious studies originated in the 19th century, when scholarly and historical analysis of the Bible had flourished, and Hindu and Buddhist texts were first being translated into European languages. Early influential scholars included Friedrich Max M\u00fcller in England and Cornelius P. Tiele in the Netherlands. Today religious studies is practiced by scholars worldwide. In its early years, it was known as \"comparative religion\" or the science of religion and, in the US, there are those who today also know the field as the History of religion (associated with methodological traditions traced to the University of Chicago in general, and in particular Mircea Eliade, from the late 1950s through to the late 1980s).\nThe religious studies scholar Walter Capps described the purpose of the discipline as to provide \"training and practice... in directing and conducting inquiry regarding the subject of religion\". At the same time, Capps stated that its other purpose was to use \"prescribed modes and techniques of inquiry to make the subject of religion intelligible.\"\nReligious studies scholar Robert A. Segal characterised the discipline as \"a subject matter\" that is \"open to many approaches\", and thus it \"does not require either a distinctive method or a distinctive explanation to be worthy of disciplinary status.\"Different scholars operating in the field have different interests and intentions; some for instance seek to defend religion, while others seek to explain it away, and others wish to use religion as an example with which to prove a theory of their own. Some scholars of religious studies are interested in primarily studying the religion to which they belong.Scholars of religion have argued that a study of the subject is useful for individuals because it will provide them with knowledge that is pertinent in inter-personal and professional contexts within an increasingly globalised world. It has also been argued that studying religion is useful in appreciating and understanding sectarian tensions and religious violence.", "Q1769": "Severus Alexander (; Latin: Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus; c. 208 \u2013 19 March 235) was Roman Emperor from 222 to 235 and the last emperor of the Severan dynasty. He succeeded his cousin Elagabalus upon the latter's assassination in 222. His own assassination marked the epoch event for the Crisis of the Third Century\u2014nearly 50 years of civil wars, foreign invasion, and collapse of the monetary economy.\nAlexander was the heir to his cousin, the 18-year-old Emperor who had been murdered along with his mother Julia Soaemias, by his own guards, who, as a mark of contempt, had their remains cast into the Tiber river. He and his cousin were both grandsons of the influential and powerful Julia Maesa, who had arranged for Elagabalus' acclamation as emperor by the famous Third Gallic Legion. It was the rumor of Alexander's death that triggered the assassination of Elagabalus and his mother. His 13-year reign was the longest reign of a sole emperor since Antoninus Pius. He was also the second-youngest ever sole legal Roman Emperor during the existence of the united empire, the youngest being Gordian III.\nAs emperor, Alexander's peacetime reign was prosperous. However, Rome was militarily confronted with the rising Sassanid Empire and growing incursions from the tribes of Germania. He managed to check the threat of the Sassanids. But when campaigning against Germanic tribes, Alexander attempted to bring peace by engaging in diplomacy and bribery. This alienated many in the Roman Army and led to a conspiracy to assassinate and replace him.", "Q377956": "Silvio Rodr\u00edguez Dom\u00ednguez (born 29 November 1946) is a Cuban musician, and leader of the nueva trova movement.\nHe is widely considered Cuba's best folk singer and arguably one of Latin America's greatest singer-songwriters. Known for his intellectual, highly eloquent and symbolic lyrics, his songs are iconic elements of Latin American left-leaning intellectual culture. Many of his songs have become classics in Latin American music, such as \"Ojal\u00e1\", \"Playa Gir\u00f3n\", \"Unicornio,\" \"Vamos a andar,\" and \"La maza\". Among his other well-known songs are \"Fusil contra fusil\" and \"Canci\u00f3n del Elegido\". He has released over 20 albums.\nRodr\u00edguez, musically and politically, is a symbol of the Latin American left. His lyrics are notably introspective, while his songs combine romanticism, eroticism, existentialism, revolutionary politics and idealism. As a humanist, his songs often bespeak a secular worldview, where humanity must make the best of this world. He has been referred to as \"Cuba's John Lennon.\"", "Q29868": "Haderslev (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u00e6\u00f0\u02c0\u0250\u02ccsle\u031dw]; German: Hadersleben ) is a Danish town in the Region of Southern Denmark with a population of 22,011 (1 January 2019). It is the main town and the administrative seat of Haderslev Municipality and is situated in the eastern part of Southern Jutland. Haderslev is home of S\u00f8nderjyske, which is an association football team that plays in the Danish Superliga for the 2018-19 season. The town is named after King Hader.", "Q256032": "Kobe Tai (born January 15, 1972) is a Taiwanese-born American former pornographic actress and adult model. She entered the adult film industry at the age of 24 and appeared in over 70 adult films between 1996 and 2003.\nShe was a contract performer with Vivid Entertainment. Her stage name was initially spelled Coby Ty, but Steven Hirsch modified it to make it sound more ethnic for marketing purposes. In 2011, Complex ranked her first on its list of \"The Top 50 Hottest Asian Porn Stars of All Time\".", "Q153694": "Michael Steven Bubl\u00e9 (IPA: boo-BLAY; born September 9, 1975) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, actor and record producer. His first album reached the top ten in Canada and the UK. He found a worldwide audience with his 2005 album It's Time as well as his 2007 album Call Me Irresponsible \u2013 which reached number one on the Canadian Albums Chart, the UK Albums Chart, the US Billboard 200, the Australian ARIA Albums Chart and several European charts. Bubl\u00e9's 2009 album Crazy Love debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 after three days of sales, and remained there for two weeks. It was also his fourth number one album on Billboard's Top Jazz Albums chart. His 2011 holiday album, Christmas, was in first place on the Billboard 200 for the final four weeks of 2011 and the first week of 2012, totalling five weeks atop the chart, it also made the top 5 in the United Kingdom. With this, Christmas became his third-consecutive number-one album on the chart. To Be Loved was released in April 2013. Bubl\u00e9 has sold over 75 million records worldwide, and won numerous awards, including four Grammy Awards and multiple Juno Awards. Bubl\u00e9 is a dual citizen of both Canada and Italy.\n\n", "Q92740": "Jef Raskin (born Jeff Raskin; March 9, 1943 \u2013 February 26, 2005) was an American human\u2013computer interface expert best known for conceiving and starting the Macintosh project at Apple in the late 1970s.", "Q792293": "The Catholic Party (French: Parti catholique; Dutch: Katholieke Partij) was a Belgian political party established in 1869 as the Confessional Catholic Party (Dutch: Confessionele Katholieke Partij).", "Q530846": "Sara Martin (June 18, 1884 \u2013 May 24, 1955) was an American blues singer, in her time one of the most popular of the classic blues singers. She was billed as \"The Famous Moanin' Mama\" and \"The Colored Sophie Tucker\". She made many recordings, including a few under the names Margaret Johnson and Sally Roberts.", "Q79087": "Aloys Blumauer, also known as Alois Blumauer or Johannes Aloysius Blumauer, (21 or 22 December 1755 Steyr - 16 March 1798 Vienna) was an Austrian poet.", "Q769747": "Augusto Ernesto dos Santos Silva (born 20 August 1956) is a Portuguese sociologist, university professor, and politician. Since November 2015, he has been the Portuguese Minister of Foreign Affairs, in the XXI and XXII Constitutional Governments led by Prime Minister Ant\u00f3nio Costa.\nSantos Silva joined the Socialist Party in 1990, and has served in a number of ministerial roles, namely Minister of Education (2000\u20132001), Minister of Culture (2001\u20132002), Minister of Parliamentary Affairs (2005\u20132009), and Minister of National Defence (2009\u20132011).", "Q56064": "Colonia del Sacramento (Spanish: [ko\u02c8lonja \u00f0el sak\u027ea\u02c8mento] (listen); Portuguese: Col\u00f3nia do Sacramento) is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the R\u00edo de la Plata, facing Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is one of the oldest towns in Uruguay and capital of the Colonia Department. It has a population of around 27,000.\nIt is renowned for its historic quarter, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Modern Colonia del Sacramento produces textiles and has a free trade zone, in addition to a polytechnic centre and various government buildings.", "Q1141081": "Lounge music is a type of easy listening music popular in the 1950s and 1960s. It may be meant to evoke in the listeners the feeling of being in a place, usually with a tranquil theme, such as a jungle, an island paradise or outer space. The range of lounge music encompasses beautiful music\u2013influenced instrumentals, modern electronica (with chillout, and downtempo influences), while remaining thematically focused on its retro-space-age cultural elements. The earliest type of lounge music appeared during the 1920s and 1930s, and was known as light music. In the 21st century, the term lounge music may also be used to describe the types of music played in hotels (the lounge, the bar), casinos, supermarkets, several restaurants, and piano bars.", "Q879171": "The Deutsche Filmakademie eV was founded in 2003 in Berlin. It aims to provide native filmmakers a forum for discussion and a way to promote the reputation of German cinema through publications, presentations, discussions and regular promotion of the subject in the schools. Since 2005, the winners of the Deutscher Filmpreis (colloquially known as the Lolas) are elected by the members of the Deutsche Filmakademie.\nThe Deutsche Filmakademie is an independent organization and is financed by membership dues of full members, honorary members, associate members and friends. Full members must be recommended by at least two filmmakers who have applied for full membership and have been accepted. All winners of the Deutscher Filmpreis automatically get a full membership. Honorary members are appointed for their contributions to the German films. Supporting members are companies and legal persons from the film industry. Friends are other filmmakers who want to support the work of the association.\nThe first Presidents of the Deutsche Filmakademie were Senta Berger and G\u00fcnter Rohrbach. In 2010, Iris Berben and Bruno Ganz were elected as their successors.\nIn 2008, the academy's Internet service 24 \u2013 Das Wissensportal der Deutschen Filmakademie was launched. The portal provides an insight into the making of a movie, with the hope of making the work of independent filmmakers more transparent and accountable.\nThe Deutsche Filmakademie eV is not to be confused with the 1938's Deutsche Filmakademie, founded in Babelsberg.", "Q58049": "Hans Peter Geerdes, professionally known by his stage name H.P. Baxxter, is a German musician who is best known as the lead vocalist of the German techno band Scooter. He founded Scooter with his friend Rick J. Jordan in 1993.", "Q518112": "Andr\u00e9 Coyne (10 February 1891, Paris \u2013 21 July 1960, Neuilly-sur-Seine) was a French civil engineer who designed 70 dams in 14 countries. He received his education at \u00c9cole Polytechnique and its School of Civil Engineering afterwards.\nHe worked on the Plougastel Bridge and in 1928 was appointed as the chief engineer of dams in the Upper Dordogne River. While in that position, he designed the Mar\u00e8ges Dam which incorporated several innovative advancements in dam design. In 1935 he became the head of France's Large Dam Engineering Department and between 1945 and 1953 he served as President of the International Commission on Large Dams. In 1947 he departed civil service and started his own consulting firm, Coyne et Bellier.Other dams he later designed in France include the Grandval and Roselend Dams. Overseas he designed the Kariba Dam on the Zimbabwe-Zambia border and the Daniel-Johnson Dam in Quebec.Coyne also designed the Malpasset Dam in Southern France. Nearly immediately after construction was completed on the dam, cracks were noticed at the base. A few years later, on 2 December 1959, the dam abruptly broke and collapsed, releasing a 50-meter-high (160 ft) wall of water that reached the nearby town of Fr\u00e9jus, killing 423 people. It was said that Coyne was deeply affected by the dam's failure, and immediately blamed himself, claiming he was solely responsible. Indeed, Coyne did not implement the advice of Georges Corroy, a geologist, to build the dam 650\u202fft upstream, nor did he adapt the spillway gate to the flood flow. He died half a year later.\nA study later found that the design of the dam was probably not the reason for its failure. Other factors were blamed instead, including the location of the dam, the stability of the rock material, the fact that a geological fault was found on the site, and heavy rain that had raised the water level by 15 feet that year. Also, intense mining for a new highway nearby downstream is suspected to have weakened the dam site.The company that Andr\u00e9 Coyne started is still operating under the name Coyne et Bellier.", "Q594896": "V\u00edt\u011bzslav H\u00e1lek (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8vi\u02d0c\u025bslaf \u02c8\u0266a\u02d0l\u025bk]; 5 April 1835, in Odolena Voda \u2013 8 October 1874) was a Czech poet, writer, journalist, dramatist and theatre critic. He is considered one of the most important representatives of the May school, along with Jan Neruda and Karol\u00edna Sv\u011btl\u00e1.", "Q1483651": "Toshio Hosokawa (\u7d30\u5ddd \u4fca\u592b, Hosokawa Toshio, born 23 October 1955) is a Japanese composer of contemporary classical music. He studied in Germany but returned to Japan, finding a personal style inspired by classical Japanese music and culture. He has composed operas, the oratorio Voiceless Voice in Hiroshima, and instrumental music.\nHe was the cofounder and artistic director of a Japanese festival for contemporary music and has been a composer in residence at international festivals such as the Venice Biennale, Lucerne Festival, Warsaw Autumn and Rheingau Musik Festival. His operas premiered at the Munich Biennale and La Monnaie, among others.", "Q211379": "Sayyid Ibrahim Husayn Shadhili Qutb ( or ; Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u00e6jjed \u02c8\u0294ot\u02e4b], Arabic: [\u02c8s\u00e6jj\u026ad \u02c8q\u028at\u02e4b]; Arabic: \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u200e Sayyid Qu\u1e6db; 9 October 1906 \u2013 29 August 1966), known popularly as Sayyid Qutb, was an Egyptian author, educator, Islamic theorist, poet, and a leading member of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1966, he was convicted of plotting the assassination of Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser and was executed by hanging.\nAuthor of 24 books, with around 30 books unpublished for different reasons (mainly destruction by the state), and at least 581 articles, including novels, literary arts critique and works on education, he is best known in the Muslim world for his work on what he believed to be the social and political role of Islam, particularly in his books Social Justice and Ma'alim fi al-Tariq (Milestones). His magnum opus, Fi Zilal al-Quran (In the Shade of the Qur'an), is a 30-volume commentary on the Quran.During most of his life, Qutb's inner circle mainly consisted of influential politicians, intellectuals, poets and literary figures, both of his age and of the preceding generation. By the mid-1940s, many of his writings were included in the curricula of schools, colleges and universities.Even though most of his observations and criticism were leveled at the Muslim world, Qutb is also known for his intense disapproval of the society and culture of the United States, which he saw as materialistic, and obsessed with violence and sexual pleasures.\nHe advocated violent, offensive jihad. \nQutb has been described by followers as a great thinker and martyr for Islam, while many Western observers (and some Muslims) see him as a key originator of Islamist ideology. and an inspiration for violent Islamist groups such as al-Qaeda. Today, his supporters are identified by their opponents as \"Qutbists\" or \"Qutbi\".", "Q595550": "El Monte is a residential, industrial, and commercial city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The city lies in the San Gabriel Valley, east of the city of Los Angeles.\nEl Monte's slogan is \"Welcome to Friendly El Monte\" and historically is known as \"The End of the Santa Fe Trail\". As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 113,475, down from 115,965 at the 2000 census. As of 2010, El Monte was the 51st largest city in California.", "Q279": "Modena (UK: , US: , Italian: [\u02c8m\u0254\u02d0dena] (listen); Modenese: M\u00f2dna [\u02c8m\u0254dn\u0250]; Etruscan: Mutna; Latin: Mutina) is a city and comune (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy.\nAn ancient town, and seat of an archbishop, it is known for its automotive industry since the factories of the famous Italian sports car makers Ferrari, De Tomaso, Lamborghini, Pagani and Maserati are, or were, located here and all, except Lamborghini, have headquarters in the city or nearby. One of Ferrari's cars, the 360 Modena, was named after the town itself.\nThe University of Modena, founded in 1175 and expanded by Francesco II d'Este in 1686, focuses on economics, medicine and law, and is the second oldest athenaeum in Italy. Italian military officers are trained at the Military Academy of Modena, and partly housed in the Baroque Ducal Palace. The Biblioteca Estense houses historical volumes and 3,000 manuscripts. The Cathedral of Modena, the Torre della Ghirlandina and Piazza Grande are a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997.\nModena is also known in culinary circles for its production of balsamic vinegar.Famous Modenesi include Mary of Modena, the Queen consort of England and Scotland; operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti and soprano Mirella Freni, born in Modena itself; Enzo Ferrari, eponymous founder of the Ferrari motor company; Catholic priest Gabriele Amorth; chef Massimo Bottura; comics artist Franco Bonvicini; the band Modena City Ramblers and singer-songwriter Francesco Guccini, who lived here for several decades.", "Q491044": "Anders Hornslien (born 6 December 1970 in Oslo) is a Norwegian media personality and politician for the Labour Party.\nHe was the leader of the local chapter of the Workers' Youth League from 1991 to 1993, and served as a member of Oslo city council in the same period. During this time he became a controversial figure following the Workers' Youth League affair, for which he was sentenced to five months in jail.He served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo during the terms 1993\u20131997 and 1997\u20132001. During these terms he filled in for Bj\u00f8rn Tore Godal and Jens Stoltenberg while they were appointed to cabinet positions.No longer active in political positions, he worked as a television and radio presenter in Metropol TV and Kanal 24 respectively.\nHornslien is openly gay, being the world's first member of parliament to enter a partnership union (in 1996), with former state secretary and political party fellow Vidar Ovesen. Hornslien has experienced harassment for his orientation.", "Q375827": "Dorsey William Burnette III (born May 8, 1953 in Memphis, Tennessee) is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter who was part of the band Fleetwood Mac from 1987 to 1995. Burnette also had a brief career in acting.", "Q95991": "Peter Wawerzinek (born 28 September 1954 as Peter Runkel) is a German artist and writer.Peter Wawerzinek was born in 1954 in Rostock, in East Germany. His parents escaped from East Germany shortly after his birth leaving him behind. He grew up in the north of East Germany near the coast of the Baltic Sea and was adopted after some years in children's homes.\nHe moved to East Berlin in 1978 where he studied art (without completing a degree), worked a various jobs including gravedigger and carpenter. In the 1980s he was a performance artist and poet. As of 2010 he lives in Berlin. He won the Ingeborg Bachmann Prize in 2010 for his excerpt Ich finde dich (I'll Find You) of his novel Rabenliebe (Bad Love, literally: Ravens' Love) which was also on the short-list of the 2010 German Book Prize.", "Q508467": "Thomas Helmer (born 21 April 1965) is a former German footballer.\nHis preferred playing position was sweeper, but he was primarily deployed as a central defender.Helmer spent most of his club career with Borussia Dortmund and Bayern Munich \u2013 appearing in nearly 400 Bundesliga games in 15 seasons \u2013 and won the European Championship in 1996.", "Q84644": "Johann Georg Kr\u00fcnitz (20 March 1728 \u2013 20 December 1796) was a German encyclopedist who started the 242-volume Oekonomische Encyklop\u00e4die and during his lifetime managed to complete its first 72 volumes.", "Q240136": "Norma Aleandro Robledo (born May 2, 1936) is an international award-winning Argentine actress, screenwriter, theatre director and author. She is considered as one of the more celebrated Argentine actresses and is recognized as a cultural icon.Aleandro starred in the Oscar-winning 1985 film The Official Story, a role that earned her the Cannes Award for best actress. She has performed in other successful films like The Truce (1974), Cousins (1989), Autumn Sun (1996), The Lighthouse (1998), Son of the Bride (2001) and Cama Adentro (2005). For her performance as Florencia S\u00e1nchez Morales in the 1987 film Gaby: A True Story, she received a Golden Globe nomination and an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.\nAleandro wrote the 1970 film The Inheritors and performed in various plays such as August: Osage County. Aleandro recently appeared in the Argentine adaptation of BeTipul and the critically successful En terapia.", "Q19015": "Andreas Eschbach (born 15 September 1959, in Ulm) is a German writer, primarily of science fiction. His stories that are not clearly in the SF genre usually feature elements of the fantastic.", "Q2901947": "Gennady Riger (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e8\u05d9\u05d2\u05e8\u200e\u200e; 24 May 1948 \u2013 12 October 2015) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Yisrael BaAliyah between 1999 and 2003.", "Q3376946": "Peter William Barlow (1 February 1809 \u2013 19 May 1885) was an English civil engineer, particularly associated with railways, bridges (he designed the first Lambeth Bridge, a crossing of the River Thames in London), the design of tunnels and the development of tunnelling techniques. In 1864 he patented a design for a cylindrical tunnelling shield, and obtained a provisional patent in 1868 for an improved design.", "Q66819": "R\u00fcschlikon is a municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. It is located on the west shore of Lake Z\u00fcrich.", "Q1601832": "Helen Thom Edwards (May 27, 1936 \u2013 June 21, 2016) was an American physicist. She was the lead scientist for the design and construction of the Tevatron at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. \"She knew how to bring the right people together to carry out a project and how to encourage them to success. In private life, she was a nature lover and is remembered as a very gentle and caring person.\"", "Q312664": "Arthur Drewry (3 March 1891 \u2013 25 March 1961) was an English football administrator who served as the fifth president of FIFA, the world governing body of association football, from 1955 to 1961. Drewry had held several football administration posts in his native England, serving as chairman of The Football Association and president of The Football League.", "Q551512": "Claude Lanzmann (French: [lanzman]; 27 November 1925 \u2013 5 July 2018) was a French filmmaker known for the Holocaust documentary film Shoah (1985).", "Q30487": "Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (born 2 March 1931) is a Russian and formerly Soviet politician. The eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, he was the general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. He was also the country's head of state from 1988 until 1991, serving as the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and president of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991. Ideologically, he initially adhered to Marxism-Leninism although by the early 1990s had moved toward social democracy.\nOf mixed Russian and Ukrainian heritage, Gorbachev was born in Privolnoye, Stavropol Krai to a poor peasant family. Growing up under the rule of Joseph Stalin, in his youth he operated combine harvesters on a collective farm before joining the Communist Party, which then governed the Soviet Union as a one-party state according to Marxist-Leninist doctrine. While studying at Moscow State University, he married fellow student Raisa Titarenko in 1953 prior to receiving his law degree in 1955. Moving to Stavropol, he worked for the Komsomol youth organization and, after Stalin's death, became a keen proponent of the de-Stalinization reforms of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. He was appointed the First Party Secretary of the Stavropol Regional Committee in 1970, in which position he oversaw construction of the Great Stavropol Canal. In 1978 he returned to Moscow to become a Secretary of the party's Central Committee and in 1979 joined its governing Politburo. Within three years of the death of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, following the brief regimes of Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko, the Politburo elected Gorbachev as General Secretary, the de facto head of government, in 1985.\nAlthough committed to preserving the Soviet state and to its socialist ideals, Gorbachev believed significant reform was necessary, particularly after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. He withdrew from the Soviet\u2013Afghan War and embarked on summits with United States President Ronald Reagan to limit nuclear weapons and end the Cold War. Domestically, his policy of glasnost (\"openness\") allowed for enhanced freedom of speech and press, while his perestroika (\"restructuring\") sought to decentralize economic decision making to improve efficiency. His democratization measures and formation of the elected Congress of People's Deputies undermined the one-party state. Gorbachev declined to intervene militarily when various Eastern Bloc countries abandoned Marxist-Leninist governance in 1989\u201390. Internally, growing nationalist sentiment threatened to break up the Soviet Union, leading Marxist-Leninist hardliners to launch the unsuccessful August Coup against Gorbachev in 1991. In the wake of this, the Soviet Union dissolved against Gorbachev's wishes and he resigned. After leaving office, he launched his Gorbachev Foundation, became a vocal critic of Russian Presidents Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin, and campaigned for Russia's social-democratic movement.\nWidely considered one of the most significant figures of the second half of the 20th century, Gorbachev remains the subject of controversy. The recipient of a wide range of awards\u2014including the Nobel Peace Prize\u2014he was widely praised for his pivotal role in ending the Cold War, curtailing human rights abuses in the Soviet Union, and tolerating both the fall of Marxist\u2013Leninist administrations in eastern and central Europe and the reunification of Germany. Conversely, in Russia he is often derided for not stopping the Soviet collapse, an event which brought a decline in Russia's global influence and precipitated an economic crisis.\n\n", "Q246547": "Sven Tito Achen (born July 29, 1922 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, died November 14, 1986) was an Argentinian-Danish writer and author on heraldry, co-founder of the Scandinavian Society of Heraldry (Societas Heraldica Scandinavica) and the first editor of the Scandinavian Heraldisk Tidsskrift (Heraldry Journal) published in Denmark.", "Q95749": "Maximilian Schmidt (25 February 1832 Eschlkam \u2013 8 December 1919 Munich) was a German novelist and humorist.", "Q163031": "Maxim Sakachansky (born Meir Sakachansky; 27 March 1885 in Mogilev Governorate \u2013 8 July 1952 in Tel Aviv) was a German-Israeli Yiddish singer and actor.", "Q200512": "Patricia Conde Galindo (Spanish pronunciation: [pa\u02c8t\u027ei\u03b8ja konde]; born 5 October 1979 in Valladolid) is a Spanish actress, comedian, TV presenter and model.\nShe is the second of three siblings (Nacho and Rub\u00e9n Conde) and she started to work as a model when she was 14 years old. In 1999 she took part in Miss Spain as Miss Palencia and soon after, she started to work in television. She started to be known in the beginnings from her collaboration as a reporter in the TV show El informal. Since then she has worked in several TV shows. She presented S\u00e9 lo que hicisteis....\nIn 2019 she replaced Silvia Abril in the TV programm Cero en Historia.", "Q68834": "Cuarny is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q604583": "M\u00e1rton Homonnai (5 February 1906 \u2013 15 October 1969), also known as M\u00e1rton Hlavacsek, was a Hungarian water polo player who won two gold and one silver medals at the 1928, 1932 and the 1936 Summer Olympics; his team finished fifth in 1924. During his career Homonnai played 115 international matches, often alongside his brother Lajos. His daughter Katalin Sz\u0151ke became an Olympic swimmer.During World War II Homonnai was a policeman and a member of the Arrow Cross Party, which supported the Nazis. After the war, fearing prosecution (he was sentenced to death in absentia), he flew via Germany and Brazil to Argentina, where he died in 1969.", "Q268862": "Bob Carey (28 September 1904 Anderson, Indiana \u2013 16 April 1933 Los Angeles, California) was an American race car driver. He died in a qualifying crash at Legion Ascot Speedway, apparently due to a stuck throttle.", "Q20694": "Upper Darby Township (often shortened to simply Upper Darby) is a home rule township bordering Philadelphia in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Upper Darby is home to the Tower Theater, a historic music venue on 69th Street built in the 1920s. Upper Darby's population is diverse, representing over 100 ethnic cultures. The township hosts a range of housing types including densely populated rowhouse sections similar to houses in neighboring West Philadelphia, tree-lined neighborhoods of turn-of-the-century single-family houses and mid-century developments. It is Pennsylvania's sixth most populous municipality.\nUpper Darby is 65% residential, 25% commercial, and 8% other. As of the 2010 census, the township had a total population of 82,795. Because of a home-rule charter adopted in 1974 and effective in 1976, Upper Darby utilizes a mayor-council form of management, unlike communities that are still under the Pennsylvania Township Code. (\"First Class\" townships in Pennsylvania have a board of commissioners and are divided into wards, and \"Second Class\" townships have a board of supervisors, which are usually elected \"at-large\".)\nUpper Darby, along with Lower Merion, Haverford, and Cheltenham form the major inner ring suburbs of Philadelphia.", "Q256754": "St Catharine's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1473 as Katharine Hall, it adopted its current name in 1860. The college is nicknamed \"Catz\". The college is located in the historic city-centre of Cambridge, and lies just south of King's College and across the street from Corpus Christi College. The college is notable for its open court (rather than closed quadrangle) that faces towards Trumpington Street.\nSt Catharine's is unique in being the only Oxbridge college founded by the serving head of another college. The college community is moderately sized, consisting of approximately 70 fellows, 150 graduate students, and 410 undergraduates.", "Q5105452": "The Chouinard Art Institute was a professional art school founded in 1921 by Nelbert Murphy Chouinard (1879\u20131969) in Los Angeles, California. In 1961, Walt and Roy Disney guided the merger of the Chouinard Art Institute and the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music to establish the California Institute of the Arts.", "Q484449": "Cube Entertainment Inc. (Korean: \ud050\ube0c\uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8) is a South Korean entertainment company. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. Cube are known for having \"self-composing and self-producing\" idols.The label currently manages several artists, namely Jo Kwon, Jang Hyun-seung, BtoB, CLC, Pentagon, Lai Kuan-lin, Yoo Seon-ho, (G)I-dle and A Train To Autumn. It also manages several entertainers, including Lee Hwi-jae, Heo Kyung-hwan, and Park Mi-sun. It was formerly home to K-pop artists such as 4Minute, Beast, G.NA, Roh Ji-hoon and Hyuna.\n\n", "Q213208": "The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift is a 2006 American action film directed by Justin Lin, with a screenplay by Chris Morgan. It is the third installment in the Fast & Furious franchise and stars Lucas Black, Sung Kang, Bow Wow, and Brian Tee. The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift follows high school car enthusiast Sean Boswell (Black), who is sent to live in Tokyo with his father, and finds solace in the city's drifting community.\nLin was hired as director due to his work in Better Luck Tomorrow (2002). Unable to secure the returns of any of the series' initial cast members, plans were made by developers to reconsider Tokyo Drift and make it a distinct entry in the franchise, which was achieved by focusing on a car subgenre, incorporating a location outside the United States, and establishing new characters. Subsequently, the chronological timeline of the franchise shifted, with all future installments (until 2015's Furious 7) being set between 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003) and Tokyo Drift.\nThe film also marks the first to begin the franchise's longtime association with director Justin Lin and writer Chris Morgan, with Lin going onto direct the following three sequels (and is attached to direct two additional future films), while Morgan wrote the next five installments. Casting began in April 2005, and principal photography began in Los Angeles in August 2005, with the majority of the film being shot in Tokyo.\nThe Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift was released in the United States on June 16, 2006. The film achieved some financial success, eventually grossing over $158 million worldwide. However, it is the lowest-grossing film in the franchise. It received generally negative reviews, with critics disliking the screenplay, dialogue and acting. However, it also received positive response for its direction as well as driftng sequences. The fourth film in the series, titled Fast & Furious, was released in April 2009 to box office success, and became the highest-grossing film in the franchise at that point.", "Q430852": "Till The Clouds Roll By is a 1946 American Technicolor musical film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It is a fictionalized biopic of composer Jerome Kern, portrayed by Robert Walker. Kern was originally involved with the production, but died before it was completed. It has a large cast of well-known musical stars of the day who appear performing Kern's songs. It was the first in a series of MGM biopics about Broadway's composers; it was followed by Words and Music (Rodgers and Hart, 1948), Three Little Words (Kalmar and Ruby, 1950), and Deep in My Heart (Sigmund Romberg, 1954).The film is one of the MGM musicals that entered the public domain on their 28th anniversaries because MGM did not renew their copyrights.", "Q168164": "Zbigniew Franciszek Rynasiewicz (born October 4, 1963) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 10,354 votes in 23 Rzesz\u00f3w district, candidating from the Civic Platform list. Reelected on October 21, 2007.\nHe was also a member of Sejm 1997-2001.", "Q99173": "Walter Sonntag was a Nazi doctor who performed experiments on concentration camp victims. He extracted their healthy teeth without the use of anaesthetic and his preferred method of killing was by injecting petrol and phenol directly into their veins. He experimented with the prostitutes interned in Ravensbr\u00fcck concentration camp, using them as his \u201clab rats\u201d in search for a cure for gonorrhoea and syphilis.", "Q469927": "Naomi Ruth Sims (March 30, 1948 \u2013 August 1, 2009) was an American model, businesswoman and author, She was the first African-American model to appear on the cover of Ladies' Home Journal, which occurred in November 1968, and is widely credited as being the first African-American supermodel.", "Q874333": "Hans Kronberger (May 9, 1951 \u2013 July 14, 2018) was an Austrian politician who was Member of the European Parliament. He was a parliamentary member of the Freedom Party of Austria, although was officially considered non-attached. After his unsuccessful candidacy in the 2004 European Parliament election, Kronberger contested his fellow Freedom Party of Austria member, Andreas M\u00f6lzer's election in the Constitutional Court of Austria.\nHans Kronberger was born on May 9, 1951 at Hall bei Admont, Austria. Kronberger was first elected to the European Parliament on 11 November 1996. Prior to his election to the European Parliament, Kronberger had worked as a television journalist, and had become well known as an expert in environmental policy. During his time as a Member of the European Parliament, Kronberger sat on the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Protection, the Delegation to the EU-Poland Joint Parliamentary Committee, the Delegation to the EU-Slovak Republic Joint Parliamentary Committee and the Delegation to the EU-Russia Parliamentary Cooperation Committee. He also served as a substitute on the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development, the Committee on Transport and Tourism, the Committee on Culture, Youth, Education and the Media and the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.Although Kronberger was re-elected on July 20, 1999, he was not re-elected during the 2004 election due to the flow of preference votes being directed towards the other Freedom Party of Austria candidate, Andreas M\u00f6lzer. Kronberger challenged the result in the Constitutional Court of Austria, but his claim was rejected as he did not file his dispute within the time limit for the contesting of election results.", "Q157394": "Fantasy films are films that belong to the fantasy genre with fantastic themes, usually magic, supernatural events, mythology, folklore, or exotic fantasy worlds. The genre is considered a form of speculative fiction alongside science fiction films and horror films, although the genres do overlap. Fantasy films often have an element of magic, myth, wonder, escapism, and the extraordinary.", "Q359315": "Ronald Sinclair (21 January 1924 \u2013 22 November 1992), born Richard Arthur Hould and sometimes credited as Ra Hould or Ron Sinclair, was a child actor from New Zealand, turned film editor.", "Q3173892": "Jean Pelletier, (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0251\u0303 p\u025bltje]; February 21, 1935 \u2013 January 10, 2009) was a Canadian politician who served as the 37th mayor of Quebec City, Chief of Staff in the Prime Minister's Office, and chairman of Via Rail. He was a leading organizer of the Liberal Party of Canada.\n\n", "Q1443475": "Frank Hutchison (March 20, 1897 \u2013 November 9, 1945) was an American early country blues and Piedmont blues musician and songwriter. Hutchison was best known as a slide guitar player, where he held the guitar in his lap.\n\n", "Q2302336": "The University of Montana (UM) is a public research university in Missoula, Montana. UM is a flagship institution of the Montana University System and its second largest campus. UM reported 10,962 undergraduate and graduate students in the fall of 2018.\nThe University of Montana ranks 17th in the nation and fifth among public universities in producing Rhodes Scholars; it has 11 Truman Scholars, 14 Goldwater Scholars, and 40 Udall Scholars to its name.", "Q166149": "Paul Grant Rogers (June 4, 1921 \u2013 October 13, 2008) was an American lawyer and politician from the U.S. state of Florida. A Democrat, Rogers served in the U.S. House of Representatives as the member from Florida's 11th congressional district. He was chairman of Research America from 1996 to 2005.", "Q44306": "Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie (born 19 June 1947) is a British Indian novelist and essayist. His second novel, Midnight's Children (1981), won the Booker Prize in 1981 and was deemed to be \"the best novel of all winners\" on two separate occasions, marking the 25th and the 40th anniversary of the prize. Much of his fiction is set on the Indian subcontinent. He combines magical realism with historical fiction; his work is concerned with the many connections, disruptions, and migrations between Eastern and Western civilizations.\nHis fourth novel, The Satanic Verses (1988), was the subject of a major controversy, provoking protests from Muslims in several countries. Death threats were made against him, including a fatw\u0101 calling for his assassination issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, on 14 February 1989. The British government put Rushdie under police protection.\nIn 1983, Rushdie was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, the UK's senior literary organisation. He was appointed Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of France in January 1999. In June 2007, Queen Elizabeth II knighted him for his services to literature. In 2008, The Times ranked him thirteenth on its list of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945.Since 2000, Rushdie has lived in the United States. He was named Distinguished Writer in Residence at the Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute of New York University in 2015. Earlier, he taught at Emory University. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 2012, he published Joseph Anton: A Memoir, an account of his life in the wake of the controversy over The Satanic Verses.", "Q1550192": "The Konrad Wolf Film University of Babelsberg (German: Filmuniversit\u00e4t Babelsberg Konrad Wolf) is the oldest and largest film school in Germany. The university offers undergraduate, graduate, as well as post-graduate studies in all fields of the process of filmmaking. In addition, it is the only art school in Brandenburg, situated together with the Babelsberg Film Studio in Babelsberg.\n\nDifferent departments have been established in order to expand research, teaching, and studies, as well as for the improvement of its national and international affiliations. Among them are the Institute for Artistic Research (Institut f\u00fcr k\u00fcnstlerische Forschung) and the Potsdam Film Museum (Filmmusem Potsdam). With the same objective, the university is also affiliated with the Erich Pommer Institute and the Institute for Career Research and Business Planning in Media (Institut f\u00fcr Berufsforschung und Unternehmensplanung Medien).", "Q63236": "Walter Bruch (2 March 1908, Neustadt an der Weinstra\u00dfe \u2013 5 May 1990, Hannover) was a German electrical engineer and pioneer of German television. He is the inventor of Closed-circuit television. He invented the PAL colour television system at Telefunken in the early 1960s. In addition to his research activities Walter Bruch was an honorary lecturer at Hannover Technical University. He was awarded the Werner von Siemens Ring in 1975.\n\n", "Q89837": "Peter Joseph Edler von Kofler (29 July 1700 \u2013 26 May 1764) was a mayor of Vienna.", "Q159636": "Joseph Priestley (; 24 March [O.S. 13 March] 1733 \u2013 6 February 1804) was an 18th-century English Separatist theologian, natural philosopher, chemist, innovative grammarian, multi-subject educator, and liberal political theorist who published over 150 works. He has historically been credited with the discovery of oxygen, having isolated it in its gaseous state, although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Antoine Lavoisier also have strong claims to the discovery.During his lifetime, Priestley's considerable scientific reputation rested on his invention of carbonated water, his writings on electricity, and his discovery of several \"airs\" (gases), the most famous being what Priestley dubbed \"dephlogisticated air\" (oxygen). However, Priestley's determination to defend phlogiston theory and to reject what would become the chemical revolution eventually left him isolated within the scientific community.\nPriestley's science was integral to his theology, and he consistently tried to fuse Enlightenment rationalism with Christian theism. In his metaphysical texts, Priestley attempted to combine theism, materialism, and determinism, a project that has been called \"audacious and original\". He believed that a proper understanding of the natural world would promote human progress and eventually bring about the Christian millennium. Priestley, who strongly believed in the free and open exchange of ideas, advocated toleration and equal rights for religious Dissenters, which also led him to help found Unitarianism in England. The controversial nature of Priestley's publications, combined with his outspoken support of the French Revolution, aroused public and governmental suspicion; he was eventually forced to flee in 1791, first to London and then to the United States, after a mob burned down his Birmingham home and church. He spent his last ten years in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.\nA scholar and teacher throughout his life, Priestley also made significant contributions to pedagogy, including the publication of a seminal work on English grammar and books on history, and he prepared some of the most influential early timelines. These educational writings were among Priestley's most popular works. It was his metaphysical works, however, that had the most lasting influence, being considered primary sources for utilitarianism by philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and Herbert Spencer.", "Q167900": "Li Xiaoran (Chinese: \u674e\u5c0f\u5189; born 8 May 1976) is a Chinese actress. She graduated from Beijing Dance Academy at the age of 17, and was the only dancer recruited into the Oriental Song and Dance Troupe from Beijing.", "Q156505": "Georgios Papadopoulos (; Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 [\u029de\u02c8or\u029di.os papa\u02c8\u00f0opulos]; 5 May 1919 \u2013 27 June 1999) was the head of the military coup d'\u00e9tat that took place in Greece on 21 April 1967, and leader of the junta that ruled the country from 1967 to 1974. He held his dictatorial power until 1973, when he was himself overthrown by his co-conspirator Dimitrios Ioannidis.\nPapadopoulos was a Colonel of the Artillery. During World War II, he initially resisted the Italian 1940 invasion but later became an active Axis collaborator in the Security Battalions which \"hunted down\" Greek resistance fighters.\nHe underwent military and intelligence training in the United States during the 1950s, and had connections to the CIA.\n\n", "Q182032": "JKT48 (read as \"J. K. T. forty-eight\") is an Indonesian idol group whose name is derived from its based city of Jakarta and the Japanese idol group AKB48. Formed in 2011, it is the first AKB48 sister group outside Japan and adopts the concept of \"idols you can meet\", before switching to \"idols that will come to meet you\" since 8 April 2018. Fans can attend daily performances at the group's theater, which was built as a close replica to the AKB48 Theater in Akihabara.While JKT48 does not restrict membership by nationality, applicants must be residents of Indonesia. As of 30 March 2020, the group has 38 individual team members, with one of them performs in two teams. It also has 35 Class A Academy members \u2013 formerly known as trainees.On 16 February 2013, JKT48 released its first studio album Heavy Rotation via Hits Records, a division of MNC subsidiary PT Star Media Nusantara. It performs songs by AKB48 and other sister groups that are translated into Indonesian.", "Q368447": "Dino Morea (born 9 December 1975) is an Indian actor and a former model who appears in Bollywood films.", "Q13909": "Angelina Jolie (; n\u00e9e Voight, formerly Jolie Pitt, born June 4, 1975) is an American actress, filmmaker, and humanitarian. The recipient of such accolades as an Academy Award and three Golden Globe Awards, she has been named Hollywood's highest-paid actress multiple times.\nJolie made her screen debut as a child alongside her father, Jon Voight, in Lookin' to Get Out (1982), and her film career began in earnest a decade later with the low-budget production Cyborg 2 (1993), followed by her first leading role in a major film, Hackers (1995). She starred in the critically acclaimed biographical cable films George Wallace (1997) and Gia (1998), and won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the drama Girl, Interrupted (1999). Her starring role as the video game heroine Lara Croft in Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001) established her as a leading Hollywood actress. She continued her action-star career with Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005), Wanted (2008), and Salt (2010), and received critical acclaim for her performances in the dramas A Mighty Heart (2007) and Changeling (2008), which earned her a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actress. Her biggest commercial success came with the fantasy picture Maleficent (2014). In the 2010s, Jolie expanded her career into directing, screenwriting, and producing, with the war dramas In the Land of Blood and Honey (2011), Unbroken (2014), and First They Killed My Father (2017).\nIn addition to her film career, Jolie is noted for her humanitarian efforts, for which she has received a Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award and made an honorary Dame Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (DCMG), among other honors. She promotes various causes, including conservation, education, and women's rights, and is most noted for her advocacy on behalf of refugees as a Special Envoy for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).\nAs a public figure, Jolie has been cited as one of the most influential and powerful people in the American entertainment industry. For a number of years, she was cited as the world's most beautiful woman by various media outlets, and her personal life is the subject of wide publicity. She is divorced from actors Jonny Lee Miller, Billy Bob Thornton and Brad Pitt; she and Pitt have six children together, three of whom were adopted internationally.", "Q64559": "Waltensburg/Vuorz is a former municipality in the Surselva Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018 the former municipalities of Andiast and Waltensburg/Vuorz merged into the municipality of Breil/Brigels.", "Q275402": "Samuel M. Raimi (born October 23, 1959) is an American filmmaker, actor, and producer, primarily known for creating the cult horror Evil Dead series, and directing the Spider-Man trilogy (2002\u20132007). He also directed the 1990 superhero film Darkman, the 1998 neo-noir crime-thriller A Simple Plan, the 2000 supernatural thriller film The Gift, the 2009 supernatural horror film Drag Me to Hell, and the 2013 Disney fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful. Raimi has also produced several successful television series, including Hercules: The Legendary Journeys and its spin-off Xena: Warrior Princess. He founded the production company Renaissance Pictures in 1979.\n\n", "Q1806985": "Sharon Rachel Osbourne (n\u00e9e Levy; born 9 October 1952) is an English television personality and businesswoman. She is married to heavy metal singer-songwriter Ozzy Osbourne and first came into public prominence after appearing on The Osbournes, a reality television show that followed her family's daily life. Osbourne later became a talent show judge on television shows such as the British and original version of The X Factor, from 2004 to 2007, returning in 2013, and again from 2016 to 2017. She also was a judge on America's Got Talent from 2007 until 2012.\nAfter the success of The Osbournes and The X Factor, hosting her own chat shows and securing advertising contracts, Osbourne was ranked as the 25th richest woman in Britain on the 2009 Sunday Times Rich List. Osbourne and her husband have an estimated joint wealth of \u00a3410 million. Sharon Osbourne is credited with reviving her husband's heavy metal career by founding the summer Ozzfest tour. She is one of five co-hosts of the daytime series The Talk. Osbourne is one of the original hosts from its launch in October 2010. In September 2014, it was announced that Osbourne would become an occasional panellist on the British lunchtime television programme Loose Women as part of the show's relaunch. On both shows, Osbourne and co-hosts/panellists discuss topical issues, ranging from daily politics and current affairs, to celebrity gossip.", "Q116121": "Silvio Blatter (born 25 January 1946 in Bremgarten, canton Aargau) is a Swiss writer.", "Q233457": "Frances de la Tour, also Frances J. de Lautour, (born 30 July 1944) is an English actress, known for her role as Miss Ruth Jones in the television sitcom Rising Damp from 1974 until 1978. She is a Tony Award winner and three-time Olivier Award winner.\nShe performed as Mrs. Lintott in the play The History Boys in London and on Broadway, winning the 2006 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play. She reprised the role in the 2006 film. Her other film roles include Madame Olympe Maxime in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 1 (2010). Television roles include Emma Porlock in the Dennis Potter serial Cold Lazarus (1996), Headmistress Margaret Baron in BBC sitcom Big School and Violet Crosby in the sitcom Vicious.", "Q522073": "Ena Anglein von Baer Jahn (born 28 November 1974 in Temuco) is a Chilean journalist, political scientist and senator.\nIn December 2009, von Baer lost a very tight race for a seat in the Senate. In March 2010 she became Minister Secretary-General of Government. In July 2011 she was designated senator, replacing Pablo Longueira, who left the senate to become Minister of Economy.\nPrior to her work in the government, von Baer was a panelist on a televised political show and worked for the right-wing think-tank Instituto Libertad y Desarrollo.\n\n", "Q44851": "Miguel Torga, pseudonym of Adolfo Correia da Rocha (S\u00e3o Martinho de Anta, Sabrosa, Vila Real district, 12 August 1907 \u2013 Coimbra, 17 January 1995), is considered one of the greatest Portuguese writers of the 20th century. He wrote poetry, short stories, a genre in which he is considered a master, theater and a 16 volume diary, written from 1932 to 1993.", "Q361305": "Claude Chappe (25 December 1763 \u2013 23 January 1805) was a French inventor who in 1792 demonstrated a practical semaphore system that eventually spanned all of France. His system consisted of a series of towers, each within line of sight of others, each supporting a wooden mast with two crossarms on pivots that could be placed in various positions. The operator in a tower moved the arms to a sequence of positions, spelling out text messages in semaphore code. The operator in the next tower read the message through a telescope, then passed it on to the next tower. This was the first practical telecommunications system of the industrial age, and was used until the 1850s when electric telegraph systems replaced it.", "Q234338": "Iris Shun-Ru Chang (March 28, 1968 \u2013 November 9, 2004) was an American journalist, author of historical books and political activist. She is best known for her best-selling 1997 account of the Nanking Massacre, The Rape of Nanking. Chang is the subject of the 2007 biography, Finding Iris Chang, and the 2007 documentary film Iris Chang: The Rape of Nanking.", "Q1305486": "The University of Costa Rica (Spanish: Universidad de Costa Rica, abbreviated UCR) is a public university in the Republic of Costa Rica, in Central America. Its main campus, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, is located in San Pedro Montes de Oca, in the province of San Jos\u00e9. It is the oldest and largest institution of higher learning in Costa Rica, originally established as the Universidad de Santo Tom\u00e1s in 1843. It is also the most important research university in the country and Central America, plus, considered as one of the most prestigious and recognized in Latin America. Approximately 45,000 students attend UCR throughout the year.", "Q109001": "Fritzi Haberlandt (born 6 June 1975, in East Berlin) is a German actress. She studied theatre at the Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts. Early in her career she played the role of Lucile Duplessis in Danton's Death with the Berliner Ensemble in a production directed by Robert Wilson. She has appeared in such films as Learning to Lie, The Moon and Other Lovers, Cold Is the Breath of Evening and Summer Window.\nHaberlandt is a member of the Thalia Theater in Hamburg.", "Q2608177": "Brushfire Records is a record label owned by singer-songwriter Jack Johnson. Formerly known as The Moonshine Conspiracy Records, the label was founded to release soundtracks for Woodshed Films, a company owned by Johnson, Emmett Malloy, and Chris Malloy to produce the surfing documentary Thicker than Water. \nThe label has released several of Johnson's albums, including Sing-A-Longs and Lullabies for the Film Curious George, In Between Dreams, Sleep Through the Static, To the Sea, From Here to Now to You, and All the Light Above It Too.", "Q681012": "Walter Isaacson (born May 20, 1952) is an American analyst, author, journalist, historian, and professor. Positions that he's held include serving as the President and CEO of the Aspen Institute, a nonpartisan educational and policy studies organization based in Washington, D.C., as well as the chairperson and CEO of CNN and as the managing editor of Time. His writings have appeared in multiple publications such as the New Orleans Times-Picayune and The Sunday Times.\nBorn in New Orleans, Louisiana, Isaacson achieved academic success early and eventually attended the University of Oxford as a Rhodes scholar at Pembroke College. After working for multiple years as a journalist, he branched out into authorship and co-wrote with Evan Thomas the work The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made (1986). Over the years, he's written multiple bibliographical works including Steve Jobs (2011), American Sketches (2009), Einstein: His Life and Universe (2007), Benjamin Franklin: An American Life (2003), and Kissinger: A Biography (1992). His books have received praise from a wide variety of reviewers, with Steve Jobs becoming adapted into a film of the same name.\nIsaacson has additionally served as a professor at Tulane University. He has held different corporate positions as well. In terms of public service, he was appointed vice chairperson of the Louisiana Recovery Authority, a board that oversaw spending on the recovery from Hurricane Katrina. He's also worked in various positions for the U.S. Departments of State and Defense.", "Q962974": "Lawrence Francis O'Donnell Jr. (born November 7, 1951) is an American television pundit, actor, and host of The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell, an MSNBC opinion and news program, airing weeknights.\nHe was a producer and writer for the NBC series The West Wing (playing the role of the President's father in flashbacks) and creator/executive producer of the NBC series Mister Sterling. He also appeared as a recurring character on the HBO series, Big Love.\nO'Donnell began his political career as an aide to U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan and was Staff Director for the Senate Finance Committee. He describes himself as a \"practical European socialist\".", "Q1192030": "Houbunsha Co., Ltd (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e \u82b3\u6587\u793e, KK H\u014dbunsha) is a Japanese publishing company founded on July 10, 1950.", "Q38554": "Dominique Pinon (born 4 March 1955) is a French actor. He is known for appearing in films directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet, often playing eccentric or grotesque characters.", "Q190436": "Epaminondas (; Greek: \u1f18\u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, Epameinondas; d. 362 BC) was a Theban general and statesman of the 4th century BC who transformed the Ancient Greek city-state of Thebes, leading it out of Spartan subjugation into a pre-eminent position in Greek politics. In the process he broke Spartan military power with his victory at Leuctra and liberated the Messenian helots, a group of Peloponnesian Greeks who had been enslaved under Spartan rule for some 230 years after being defeated in the Messenian War ending in 600 BC. Epaminondas reshaped the political map of Greece, fragmented old alliances, created new ones, and supervised the construction of entire cities. He was also militarily influential and invented and implemented several major battlefield tactics.\nCicero called him \"the first man of Greece\", and Montaigne judged him one of the three \"worthiest and most excellent men\" that had ever lived, but Epaminondas has fallen into relative obscurity in modern times. The changes Epaminondas wrought on the Greek political order did not long outlive him, as the cycle of shifting hegemonies and alliances continued unabated. A mere twenty-seven years after his death, a recalcitrant Thebes was obliterated by Alexander the Great. Thus Epaminondas\u2014who had been praised in his time as an idealist and liberator\u2014is today largely remembered for a decade (371 BC to 362 BC) of campaigning that sapped the strength of the great city-states and paved the way for the Macedonian conquest.", "Q391784": "Scream 3 is a 2000 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Ehren Kruger. It stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, Patrick Dempsey, Scott Foley, Lance Henriksen, Matt Keeslar, Jenny McCarthy, Emily Mortimer, Parker Posey, Deon Richmond, and Patrick Warburton. Released as the third installment in the Scream franchise, it was originally the concluding chapter of the series until the franchise was revived in 2011 with a sequel, Scream 4.\nThe film takes place three years after the previous film and follows Sidney Prescott (Campbell), who has gone into self-imposed isolation following the events of the previous two films but is drawn to Hollywood after a new Ghostface begins killing the cast of the film within a film Stab 3. Scream 3 combines the violence of the slasher genre with comedy and \"whodunit\" mystery, while satirizing the clich\u00e9 of film trilogies. Unlike the previous Scream films, there was an increased emphasis on comedic elements in this installment, and the violence and horror were reduced in response to increased public scrutiny about violence in media, following the Columbine High School massacre.\nScream screenwriter Kevin Williamson provided a five-page outline for two sequels to Scream when auctioning his original script, hoping to entice bidders with the potential of buying a franchise. Williamson's commitments to other projects meant he was unable to develop a complete script for Scream 3, so writing duties were undertaken by Kruger, who discarded many of Williamson's notes. Craven and Marco Beltrami returned to direct and score the film, respectively. Production was troubled with script rewrites, occasions when pages were only ready on the day of filming, and scheduling difficulties with the main cast. Principal photography took place from July to September 1999, and the ending was refilmed in January 2000.\nScream 3 premiered on February 3, 2000, in Westwood, California, and was released in cinemas the following day, grossing $161.8 million worldwide on a budget of $40 million. Compared to the first two films' 79% and 82%, Scream 3 has an approval rating of 39% on Rotten Tomatoes, respectively. Its critical consensus says that the film had become precisely what Scream and Scream 2 originally spoofed.", "Q67050": "Morschach is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.", "Q3712574": "Toshiwo Doko (\u571f\u5149 \u654f\u592b Dok\u014d Toshio, September 15, 1896 - August 4, 1988) was a Japanese engineer born in Mitsu District, Okayama, Manager, President and Chairman of Toshiba.Dok\u014d was a key manager in the Japanese economic miracle after World War II, in particular, between 1974 and 1980 when he helmed the Toshiba Corporation and was appointed chairman of the Japan Business Federation (Keidanren).\nAfter graduating from the Higher Technical School of Tokyo in 1920, Dok\u014d worked for the Ishikawajima Shipyard Co., first as a designer of turbines and then, between 1950 and 1960 as president, during which he renewed the company in order to benefit from significant procurement provided by the United States during the Korean War.\nDok\u014d later chaired the Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. during the merger in 1960, overseeing the construction of the Idemitsu Maru, the largest tanker in the world. At Toshiba, as vice president, between 1965 and 1972, and president between 1972 and 1976, he raised the morale of the workers driving the company towards prosperity.In 1988 he posthumously received the highest distinction of the Scout Association of Japan, the Golden Pheasant Award.", "Q2368306": "Terri Irwin (n\u00e9e Raines; born July 20, 1964) is an American\u2013Australian naturalist, conservationist, author, and the owner of Australia Zoo in Beerwah, Queensland. A native Oregonian from the United States, she began an independent animal rehabilitation center for injured predator mammals at age 22 while working for her family's trucking business.\nWhile touring wildlife rehabilitation facilities in Australia in 1991, she had a chance meeting with naturalist Steve Irwin, whose father founded Australia Zoo. The two married in 1992, and went on to co-star in The Crocodile Hunter, their unconventional television nature documentary series and its spin-off series, Croc Files, The Crocodile Hunter Diaries, and Crikey! It's the Irwins. They had two children, Bindi and Robert, before Steve Irwin's death in 2006. She became a naturalised Australian citizen in 2009.", "Q68363": "Laufen (French: Laufon) is a municipality and the capital of the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.\nLaufen is a principal train station for the surrounding area, connecting it to Basel.", "Q314942": "Pandorum is a 2009 science fiction horror film, with elements of Lovecraftian horror and survival adventure. The film was directed by Christian Alvart and produced by Robert Kulzer, Jeremy Bolt and Paul W. S. Anderson. Travis Milloy wrote the screenplay from a story by Milloy and Alvart. It stars Dennis Quaid and Ben Foster. Filming began in Berlin in August 2008. Pandorum was released on 25 September 2009 in the United States, and on 2 October 2009 in the UK. The film's title is a fictional slang term for a form of psychosis called Orbital Dysfunctional Syndrome (ODS) caused by deep space and triggered by emotional stress. This leads to severe paranoia, delirium, and nosebleeding.", "Q221053": "Sandra Echeverr\u00eda is a Mexican actress and singer.", "Q488924": "Oceanside is a coastal city located on California's South Coast. It is the third-largest city in San Diego County, California. The city had a population of 167,086 at the 2010 census. Together with Carlsbad and Vista, it forms a tri-city area. Oceanside is located just south of Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton.", "Q1361114": "Thomas Sovereign Gates Jr. (April 10, 1906 \u2013 March 25, 1983) was United States Secretary of Defense from 1959 to 1961 under President Eisenhower. He was promoted from deputy secretary of defense. During his tenure, he established a task force to set nuclear target priorities. He also authorized U-2 reconnaissance flights, including the flight of Francis Gary Powers.", "Q77525": "Angelika Beer (born 24 May 1957 in Kiel) is a German politician.\n2004 to 2009 she was a Member of the European Parliament for Alliance '90/The Greens, part of the European Greens. She was chair of the delegation for relations with Iran and a member on the delegation for relations with Afghanistan and the Delegation for relations with the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, the Foreign Affairs committee and the Subcommittee on Security and Defence.\nIn January, she was not reelected on a place on the European Parliamentary election list for Alliance '90/The Greens. She left the Green Party at the end of March 2009. As a reason for her exit, she criticised the Green Party's aspiration after power and the loss of its pacifistic orientation.\nIn November 2009 she became a member of Pirate Party Germany. In May 2012 she was elected as one of six Pirates to become a member of the state parliament of Schleswig-Holstein.\nAngelika Beer is married since 2003 with Bundeswehr Colonel lieutenant Peter Matthiesen.\n\n", "Q142216": "Gast\u00f3n Acurio Jaramillo (born October 30, 1967) is a Peruvian chef and ambassador of Peruvian cuisine. He is the owner of restaurants in several countries and is the author of several books. In Peru he is the host of his own television program and contributes to a few magazines.", "Q1044304": "Carole Ruth Terry (born in 1948) is an American organist, harpsichordist, and pedagogue.", "Q60059": "Albertus Magnus (before 1200 \u2013 November 15, 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, was a German Catholic Dominican friar and bishop. Later canonised as a Catholic saint, he was known during his lifetime as Doctor universalis and Doctor expertus and, late in his life, the sobriquet Magnus was appended to his name. Scholars such as James A. Weisheipl and Joachim R. S\u00f6der have referred to him as the greatest German philosopher and theologian of the Middle Ages. The Catholic Church distinguishes him as one of the 36 Doctors of the Church.", "Q2004270": "Manuel Men\u00e9ndez Gorozabel (1793 \u2013 May 2, 1847) served as Interim President of Peru from 1841 to 1842, on 1844, and lastly from 1844 to 1845.", "Q2321706": "Kingston upon Thames (spelled with hyphens until 1965 and sometimes abbreviated to Kingston), is a town, former manor, ecclesiastical parish and borough now within Greater London, England, formerly within the county of Surrey. It is situated on the River Thames, about 33 feet (10 m) above sea level and 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Charing Cross (deemed the geographical centre of London). It is notable as the ancient market town in which Saxon kings were crowned and today is the administrative centre of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames.\nThe large historic parish of Kingston became absorbed in modern times into the Municipal Borough of Kingston-upon-Thames, reformed in 1835 and from 1893 has been the location of Surrey County Hall, extraterritorially in terms of local government administration. Since 1965 Kingston has been a part of Greater London. \nToday most of the town centre is part of the KT1 postcode area, but some areas north of Kingston railway station are within KT2. The United Kingdom Census 2011 recorded the population of the town (comprising the four wards of Canbury, Grove, Norbiton and Tudor) as 43,013, while the borough overall counted 175,470. Kingston is identified as a metropolitan centre in the London Plan and is today a major retail centre, one of the biggest in the UK, receiving 18 million visitors a year.\n\n", "Q229369": "Lois McMaster Bujold ( (listen) boo-ZHOHLD; born November 2, 1949) is an American speculative fiction writer. She is one of the most acclaimed writers in her field, having won the Hugo Award for best novel four times, matching Robert A. Heinlein's record (not counting his Retro Hugos). Her novella \"The Mountains of Mourning\" won both the Hugo Award and Nebula Award. In the fantasy genre, The Curse of Chalion won the Mythopoeic Award for Adult Literature and was nominated for the 2002 World Fantasy Award for best novel, and both her fourth Hugo Award and second Nebula Award were for Paladin of Souls. In 2011 she was awarded the Skylark Award. In 2013 she was awarded the Forry Award for Lifetime Achievement, named for Forrest J. Ackerman, by the Los Angeles Science Fantasy Society. She has won two Hugo Awards for Best Series, in 2017 for the Vorkosigan Saga and in 2018 for the Chalion series. The Science Fiction Writers of America named her its 36th SFWA Grand Master in 2019.The bulk of Bujold's works comprises three separate book series: the Vorkosigan Saga, the Chalion series, and the Sharing Knife series.\n\n", "Q653632": "Mike and the Mechanics (stylised as Mike + the Mechanics) are an English rock supergroup formed in Dover in 1985 as a side project of Mike Rutherford, the bassist/guitarist and one of the founding members of the band Genesis. The band is known for their hit singles \"Silent Running\", \"All I Need Is a Miracle\", \"Taken In\", \"The Living Years\", \"Word of Mouth\" and \"Over My Shoulder\".\nInitially, the band included Rutherford, vocalists Paul Carrack and Paul Young, keyboardist Adrian Lee and drummer Peter Van Hooke. Carrack was generally assigned to ballads and more pop-oriented numbers, while Young handled the band's heavier work. After a successful decade, Lee and Van Hooke dropped out in 1995, and were not replaced. Following Young's death in 2000, Carrack became the band's sole lead vocalist until 2004 when the band (essentially a duo at this point) dissolved, with Rutherford and Carrack both later saying the band had \"run its course\".The band identity was revived in 2010, consisting of Rutherford and a completely new set of musicians, including new vocalists Andrew Roachford and Tim Howar.", "Q2347483": "Gustavo Dodt Barroso (December 29, 1888 in Fortaleza \u2013 December 3, 1957 in Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian writer and politician associated with Brazilian Integralism. He was also known by the pseudonymn Jo\u00e3o do Norte \n\n", "Q885645": "Walter Jodok Kohler, Jr., (April 4, 1904 \u2013 March 21, 1976) was a member of the Kohler family of Wisconsin and was the 33rd Governor of Wisconsin, serving three terms from 1951 to 1957. He was a leading figure in state and national Republican Party activities. His role in the clash between Senator Joseph R. McCarthy and presidential candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952 has interested historians for decades. Kohler was for many years a sales executive at the Kohler Company and served as president at The Vollrath Company. He was also a distinguished Naval officer in World War II. He had two children\u2014a son, Terry Jodok Kohler, and daughter, Charlotte Nicolette Kohler.\nKohler's father, Walter J. Kohler, Sr., was the 26th Governor of Wisconsin. His son Terry Kohler ran for governor in 1982, but was defeated by Anthony Earl.\n\n", "Q68405": "Warth-Weiningen is a municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q1263717": "Goran \"Ipe\" Ivandi\u0107 (December 10, 1955 in Vare\u0161, PR Bosnia-Herzegovina, FPR Yugoslavia \u2013 January 12, 1994 in Belgrade, Serbia, FR Yugoslavia) was a Bosnian rock drummer, famous for his work with the band Bijelo Dugme.\n\n", "Q102632": "Christoph von Marschall (born 1959) is a German journalist working for the daily Berlin newspaper Der Tagesspiegel. He is currently titled the diplomatic correspondent of the newspaper's editorial offices.\nDuring the period 2005 to 2013 he was the only German in the White House press corps. Again in 2017-2018 he reported on the White House from Washington, D.C.", "Q71154": "Waldheim is a town in Mittelsachsen district, in Saxony, Germany.", "Q333443": "Amrish Lal Puri (22 June 1932 \u2013 12 January 2005) was an Indian actor, who was an important figure in Indian theatre and cinema.\nHe worked with notable playwrights of the time, including Satyadev Dubey and Girish Karnad. He is remembered for playing iconic villainous roles in Hindi cinema as well as other Indian and international film industries. To Indian audiences he is the most remembered for his role as Mogambo in Shekhar Kapur's Hindi film Mr. India (1987), and to Western audiences he is best known as Mola Ram in Steven Spielberg's Hollywood film Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984). Puri won two Filmfare Awards for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q61347": "Uwe Boll (German: [\u02c8u\u02d0v\u0259 \u02c8b\u0254l]; born June 22, 1965) is a German restaurateur and filmmaker. He financed his own films through his production companies Boll KG and Event Film Productions. Many of his films were produced on low budgets and Boll himself had backed his projects financially or made use of crowdfunding platforms.\nBoll's filmmaking career is generally divided into two distinct phases: the first consists of big budget films with a usually renowned cast, most of which received highly negative reviews from critics and gained him a reputation as a \"schlock maestro\", with Alone in the Dark being considered one of the worst films ever made. His second phase is marked by films with a smaller budget or were independently made, relatively unknown actors and different approaches to filmmaking; Boll's Rampage film series, Tunnel Rats, Stoic, Amoklauf, Heart of America, Assault on Wall Street and Darfur were better received by critics.\nBoll decided to branch out from filmmaking in 2016 to work in the restaurant industry, having opened his first Bauhaus Restaurant in Vancouver a year earlier, to positive reviews.", "Q313793": "Carlos Bernard Papierski (born October 12, 1962) is an American actor and director, best known for his role as Tony Almeida in 24, which he played from 2001 to 2006, and then reprised again in 2009, 2014 in 24: Solitary and 2017 in 24: Legacy. He received a fine arts degree from American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco after receiving an undergraduate degree from Illinois State University.", "Q1701371": "John Payne (born 29 September 1958) is a British musician, best known as the lead singer and bassist of Asia from 1992 to 2006, then from June 2007, with Asia featuring John Payne. He also is now in Dukes of the Orient but continues to tour with The Rock Pack and also Asia Featuring John Payne.\nJohn Payne became the frontman of Asia in 1992 at the invitation of founder member Geoff Downes, replacing vocalist/bassist John Wetton. During Payne's tenure, Asia released 8 studio albums, several live albums and toured internationally. He is a founding and current member of modern progressive rock band GPS. He is also a guitarist, composer, recording engineer and record producer. Until recently, Payne was co-creator and part of the Las Vegas production Raiding the Rock Vault at the Las Vegas Hotel.", "Q223122": "Three Way is a 2004 neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Scott Ziehl and starring Dominic Purcell, Joy Bryant, Ali Larter, Desmond Harrington, Dwight Yoakam, and Gina Gershon. The plot, based on Gil Brewer's pulp novel Wild To Possess, concerns a kidnapping plot. The film was released also with titles 3-way and Three Way Split.", "Q327436": "Edoardo Ponti is an Italian director. He is the son of actress Sophia Loren and producer Carlo Ponti Sr. and the brother of conductor Carlo Ponti.", "Q109767": "The Blues Brothers is a 1980 American musical comedy film directed by John Landis. It stars John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd as \"Joliet\" Jake and Elwood Blues, characters developed from \"The Blues Brothers\" recurring musical sketch on the NBC variety series Saturday Night Live. The film is set in and around Chicago, Illinois, where it was filmed. The film's screenplay was written by Aykroyd and Landis. It features musical numbers by rhythm and blues (R&B), soul, and blues singers James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, and John Lee Hooker. It features non-musical supporting performances by Carrie Fisher, Henry Gibson, Charles Napier and John Candy.\nThe story is a tale of redemption for paroled convict Jake and his blood brother Elwood, who set out on \"a mission from God\" to save from foreclosure the Catholic orphanage in which they were raised. To do so, they must reunite their R&B band and organize a performance to earn $5,000 needed to pay the orphanage's property tax bill. Along the way, they are targeted by a homicidal \"mystery woman\", Neo-Nazis, and a country and western band\u2014all while being relentlessly pursued by the police.\nUniversal Studios, which had won the bidding war for the film, was hoping to take advantage of Belushi's popularity in the wake of Saturday Night Live, Animal House, and the Blues Brothers' musical success; it soon found itself unable to control production costs. The start of filming was delayed when Aykroyd, new to film screenwriting, took six months to deliver a long and unconventional script that Landis had to rewrite before production, which began without a final budget. On location in Chicago, Belushi's partying and drug use caused lengthy and costly delays that, along with the destructive car chases depicted onscreen, made the final film one of the most expensive comedies ever produced.\nConcerns that the film would fail limited its initial bookings to less than half those a film of its magnitude normally received. Released in the United States on June 20, 1980, it received mostly positive reviews. It earned just under $5 million in its opening weekend and went on to gross over $115 million in theaters worldwide before its release on home video. It has become a cult classic, spawning the sequel, Blues Brothers 2000, 18 years later, which was a critical and commercial failure.", "Q309913": "Ibrahim Ferrer (February 20, 1927 \u2013 August 6, 2005) was a Cuban singer who played with Los Bocucos for nearly forty years. He also performed with Conjunto Sorpresa, Chep\u00edn y su Orquesta Oriental and Mario Patterson. After his retirement in 1991, he was brought back in the studio to record with the Afro-Cuban All Stars and Buena Vista Social Club in March 1996. He then toured internationally with these revival groups and recorded several solo albums for World Circuit before his death in 2005.", "Q532506": "Tayseer Allouni (Arabic: \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u200e; also: Taysir, Tayseer, Alluni, Aluni, Alony) is a journalist from the Al Jazeera news channel. He was born in Deir ez-Zor in Syria in 1955 then in 1983 he moved to Spain, where he studied Economics, and has lived there ever since, adopting Spanish citizenship in 1988. He interviewed Osama Bin Laden following the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, and was controversially convicted on terrorism-related charges in Spain in 2005.", "Q470047": "Yun Chi-Young (Korea:\uc724\uce58\uc601, hanja:\u5c39\u81f4\u668e, February 10, 1898 \u2013 February 9, 1996) was an independence activist and politician, diplomat of South Korea. He was first Interior Minister (1948), 2nd Republic of Korea Ambassador to French 1950 to 1951, 1st, 2nd and 3rd the National Assembly of South Korea. 13th Mayor of Seoul 1963 to 1966. He was Yun Bo-seon's younger half-uncle, and politician and independence activist Yun Chi-ho's younger cousin. Yun Bo-seon is his second brother Yun Chi-So's son. His pen name is Dongsan (\ub3d9\uc0b0).", "Q65121": "Alfred Ernst Christian Alexander Hugenberg (19 June 1865 \u2013 12 March 1951) was an influential German businessman and politician. A leading figure in nationalist politics in Germany for the first few decades of the twentieth century, he became the country's leading media proprietor during the inter-war period. As leader of the German National People's Party he was instrumental in helping Adolf Hitler become Chancellor of Germany and served in his first cabinet in 1933, hoping to control Hitler and use him as his \"tool.\" Those plans backfired, and by the end of 1933 Hugenberg had been pushed to the sidelines. Although Hugenberg continued to serve as a \"guest\" member of the Reichstag until 1945, he wielded no political influence.", "Q193659": "James McAvoy (; born 21 April 1979) is a Scottish actor. He made his acting debut as a teen in The Near Room (1995) and made mostly television appearances until 2003, when his feature film career began. His notable television work includes the thriller State of Play and the science fiction miniseries Frank Herbert's Children of Dune. He has performed in several West End productions and received three nominations for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor, and has also done voice work for animated films including Gnomeo & Juliet, its sequel, Sherlock Gnomes, and Arthur Christmas.In 2003, McAvoy appeared in a lead role in Bollywood Queen, then another lead role as Rory in Inside I'm Dancing in 2004. This was followed by a supporting role, as the faun Mr. Tumnus, in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005). His performance in Kevin Macdonald's drama The Last King of Scotland (2006) garnered him several award nominations, including the BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor. The critically acclaimed romantic drama war film Atonement (2007) earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination and his second BAFTA nomination. He later appeared as a newly trained assassin in the action thriller Wanted (2008).\nIn 2011, McAvoy played Professor Charles Xavier in the superhero film X-Men: First Class, a role he reprised in X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), X-Men: Apocalypse (2016), Deadpool 2 (2018) and Dark Phoenix (2019). McAvoy starred in the crime comedy-drama film Filth (2013), for which he won Best Actor in the British Independent Film Awards. In 2016, he portrayed Kevin Wendell Crumb, a man with 23 alternate personalities, in M. Night Shyamalan's Split, for which he received critical acclaim, and later reprised the role for the sequel Glass (2019). Since 2019, he has played Lord Asriel Belacqua in the BBC/HBO fantasy series His Dark Materials.", "Q338516": "Nikolai Alexandrovich Leykin (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u0301\u0439\u043a\u0438\u043d; December 19, 1841 \u2013 January 19, 1906) was a Russian writer, artist, playwright, journalist and publisher.", "Q117559": "Andriy Melnyk (Ukrainian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u041c\u0435\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a) (December 12, 1890 \u2013 November 1, 1964) was a Ukrainian military and political leader.\n\n", "Q62896": "Frank Peterson is a German music producer known for his work with Enigma and artists such as Sarah Brightman, Ofra Haza, Gregorian, Princessa and Andrea Bocelli on his first international album Romanza in 1997.\nPeterson was born on 29 December 1963 in Hamburg. As a child he taught himself to play the piano and keyboard, going on to work in a music store. It was here that he met Michael Cretu and became lead keyboardist for Sandra, appearing prominently on her hit single Maria Magdalena.\nHe was a member of Sandra's band for a few more years, then moved with the Cretus to Ibiza. While there he became involved with Cretu's new project, Enigma, under the pseudonym of F. Gregorian. Peterson contributed to their first album, MCMXC a.D., writing several tracks.\nPeterson left the group in 1991 and pursued work on Gregorian, a musical project co-founded by Thomas Schwarz and Matthias Meissner. The female vocals for this album were provided by The Sisters of Oz - a duo composed of Birgit Freud and Susana Espelleta, who was married to Peterson at the time. Soon after, he met English soprano Sarah Brightman and collaborated with her on her solo albums Dive through Symphony.\nGregorian was re-invented later on in his career as a group performing chant arrangements of popular songs. Peterson's inspiration, as he stated in an interview, was the approaching new millennium and its spiritual aspect.In 1997, Peterson collaborated with Israeli singer Ofra Haza, producing her last album Ofra Haza. This album was very successful in Europe and the United States.\nOther artists whom Peterson has worked with include Princessa, Carolin Fortenbacher, Violet, and Sinsual (the last two of which have CDs in the works).", "Q1816228": "The Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten (State Academy of Fine Arts) was founded in 1870 in Amsterdam. It is a classical academy, a place where philosophers, academics and artists meet to test and exchange ideas and knowledge. The school supports visual artists with a two-year curriculum.\nThe Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten was the home of Amsterdam Impressionism, part of the international impressionist movement, and is known as the School of Alleb\u00e9 by art historians; August Alleb\u00e9 became the school's director in 1880. In French language the school was called \"l'Acad\u00e9mie Royale des Beaux Arts d'Amsterdam\". Among its pioneers here were George Breitner, Jan Toorop, Piet Mondrian and Willem Arnoldus Witsen. Other artists connected with the academy were Hendrik Petrus Berlage, Willem Wiegmans, Constant Nieuwenhuijs, Karel Appel, Corneille, Ger Lataster, Willem Hofhuizen, and Jaap Min.\nThe school provides an education academically comparable with a university. There are open days each year, which provide an opportunity to see the work of young artists.", "Q214956": "Znojmo (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8znoimo]; German: Znaim) is a major town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic, the administrative capital of the Znojmo District. It is the historical and cultural centre of southwestern Moravia and the second largest city in the South Moravian Region.", "Q205683": "Scooby-Doo is an American animated franchise comprising many animated television series produced from 1969 to the present, as well as its derivative media. Writers Joe Ruby and Ken Spears created the original series Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! for Hanna-Barbera Productions in 1969. This Saturday-morning cartoon series featured teenagers Fred Jones, Daphne Blake, Velma Dinkley, and Norville \"Shaggy\" Rogers and their talking brown Great Dane named Scooby-Doo who solve mysteries involving supposedly supernatural creatures through a series of antics and mis-steps.Following the success of the original series, Hanna-Barbera and its successor Warner Bros. Animation have produced numerous follow-up and spin-off animated series and several related works, including television specials and made-for-TV movies, a line of direct-to-video films, and two Warner Bros.\u2013produced theatrical feature films. Some versions of Scooby-Doo feature variations on the show's supernatural theme and include characters such as Scooby's cousin Scooby-Dum and nephew Scrappy-Doo in addition to some of the original characters.\nScooby-Doo was originally broadcast on CBS from 1969 to 1976, when it moved to ABC. ABC aired variations of the show until canceling it in 1985, and presented a spin-off featuring the characters as children called A Pup Named Scooby-Doo from 1988 until 1991. Two Scooby-Doo reboots aired as part of Kids' WB on The WB and its successor The CW from 2002 until 2008. Further reboots were produced for Cartoon Network beginning in 2010 and continuing through 2018. Repeats of the various Scooby-Doo series are frequently broadcast on Cartoon Network's sister channel Boomerang in the United States as well as other countries. The newest series Scooby-Doo and Guess Who? premiered on June 27, 2019 on Boomerang.\nIn 2013, TV Guide ranked Scooby-Doo the fifth greatest TV cartoon.", "Q225553": "Gervaise is a 1956 French film directed by Ren\u00e9 Cl\u00e9ment based on the novel L'Assommoir by \u00c9mile Zola. It depicts a working-class woman in the mid-nineteenth century (played by Maria Schell) trying to cope with the descent of her husband (played by Fran\u00e7ois P\u00e9rier) into alcoholism. The film was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 29th Academy Awards. Schell won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the 1956 Venice Film Festival for her performance.", "Q326728": "Olivier Tielemans (born June 1, 1984 in Weert) is a Dutch race car driver. His career started back in 1991 when he came 4th in the Dutch Kart Championship. Between 1995 and 1997 he raced in the Belgian Kart Championship and became Rookie of The Year. He didn't race again until 2002 when he raced in the Italian and European Formula Renault Championships. In 2003 he finished 4th in the Benelux Formula Renault Championship. In 2004 he competed in the last six races of the FIA Formula 3000 Championship. For the 2005 season he raced in the 3000 ProSeries. In 2006 he raced in the DTM with the Futurecom TME in an Audi A4. He was team mate to Belgian woman race car driver Vanina Ickx. He was replaced after 3 races because of problems with the management. In 2007 he raced in the WTCC for Alfa Romeo.\nIn 2008 he will continue to compete in the WTCC, but for Wiechers-Sport in a BMW 320si.", "Q179280": "Antoni Canals (1352-1419) was a Dominican friar, orator and writer. He was born in the Kingdom of Valencia and he was famous for his sermons (even though unfortunately none of them has arrived to us) and by three translations or adaptations of classical works into Catalan.\nHe was disciple of Saint Vincent Ferrer, he taught theology in Valencia until 1398 and he was linked to the Royal Court, where he remained from 1398 until 1401, when he moved to Barcelona. When he came back to Valencia, he became the lieutenant of the kingdom's inquisitor from 1401 to 1419, when he died.", "Q235740": "Elizabeth Jean \"Busy\" Philipps (born June 25, 1979) is an American actress and writer. She is best known for her roles on the television series Freaks and Geeks (1999\u20132000), Dawson's Creek (2001\u201303) and ER (2006\u201307), for her abortion access advocacy, and for her portrayal of Laurie Keller on the ABC series Cougar Town (2009\u201315), for which she received a Critics' Choice Television Award. She has also appeared in supporting roles in numerous films, such as The Smokers (2000), Home Room (2002), White Chicks (2004), Made of Honor (2008), He's Just Not That into You (2009), The Gift (2015), and I Feel Pretty (2018). \n\n", "Q1499392": "John Victor \"Rhino\" Edwards (born 9 May 1953) is an English bass guitarist, playing in the rock group Status Quo. He was educated at Chiswick Grammar School and Stinsford School, Dorchester.", "Q106440": "Goldfinger is a 1964 spy film and the third installment in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, starring Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It is based on the novel of the same name by Ian Fleming. The film also stars Honor Blackman as Bond girl Pussy Galore and Gert Fr\u00f6be as the title character Auric Goldfinger, along with Shirley Eaton as the iconic Bond girl Jill Masterson. Goldfinger was produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman and was the first of four Bond films directed by Guy Hamilton.\nThe film's plot has Bond investigating gold smuggling by gold magnate Auric Goldfinger and eventually uncovering Goldfinger's plans to contaminate the United States Bullion Depository at Fort Knox. Goldfinger was the first Bond blockbuster, with a budget equal to that of the two preceding films combined. Principal photography took place from January to July 1964 in the United Kingdom, Switzerland and the United States.\nThe release of the film led to a number of promotional licensed tie-in items, including a toy Aston Martin DB5 car from Corgi Toys which became the biggest selling toy of 1964. The promotion also included an image of gold-painted Shirley Eaton as Jill Masterson on the cover of Life.\nMany of the elements introduced in the film appeared in many of the later James Bond films, such as the extensive use of technology and gadgets by Bond, an extensive pre-credits sequence that stood largely alone from the main storyline, multiple foreign locales and tongue-in-cheek humor. Goldfinger was the first Bond film to win an Oscar and opened to largely favorable critical reception. The film was a financial success, recouping its budget in two weeks.\nIn 1999, it was ranked #70 on the BFI Top 100 British films list compiled by the British Film Institute.", "Q3894334": "Paolo Paoloni (24 July 1929 \u2013 9 January 2019) was an Italian actor.", "Q116653": "Jakob Buchli (4 March 1876 \u2013 1 April 1945) was a Swiss design engineer in the field of locomotive construction.", "Q1277776": "East Carolina University (ECU) is a public research university in Greenville, North Carolina. It is the fourth largest university in North Carolina.\nFounded on March 8, 1907, as a teacher training school, East Carolina has grown from 43 acres (17 ha) to almost 1,600 acres (647 ha) today. The university's academic facilities are located on six properties: Main Campus, Health Sciences Campus, West Research Campus, the Field Station for Coastal Studies in New Holland, North Carolina, the Millennial Research Innovation Campus in Greenville's warehouse district and an overseas campus in Certaldo Alto, Italy. ECU also operates the Coastal Studies Institute. The nine undergraduate colleges, graduate school, and four professional schools are located on these four properties. All of the non-health sciences majors are located on the main campus. The College of Nursing, College of Allied Health Sciences, The Brody School of Medicine, and School of Dental Medicine are located on the health science campus. There are eleven social sororities, 16 social fraternities, four historically black sororities, five historically black fraternities, one Native American fraternity, and one Native American sorority. There are over 400 registered clubs on campus including fraternities and sororities.", "Q338502": "Graham Oliver (born 6 July 1952) is an English guitarist who was born in Mexborough, South Yorkshire. He was a founder member and main songwriter in the heavy metal band Saxon from 1976 to 1995.", "Q503917": "Andrew James Breitbart (; February 1, 1969 \u2013 March 1, 2012) was an American conservative journalist, writer, and commentator who was the founder of Breitbart News.\nAfter helping in the early stages of HuffPost and the Drudge Report, Breitbart created Breitbart News, a news and right-wing opinion website, along with multiple other \"BIG\" sites - BIGHollywood, BIGGovernment, BIGJournalism. He played central roles in the Anthony Weiner sexting scandal, the firing of Shirley Sherrod, and the ACORN 2009 undercover videos controversy. Commenters such as Nick Gillespie and Conor Friedersdorf have credited Breitbart with changing how people wrote about politics by \"show[ing] how the Internet could be used to route around information bottlenecks imposed by official spokesmen and legacy news outlets\" .", "Q1189404": "Dennis O'Keefe (born Edward Vanes Flanagan, Jr., March 29, 1908 \u2013 August 31, 1968) was an American actor and writer,", "Q119560": "Birke Bruck is a German film and television actress.", "Q1303785": "Eike Wilm Schulte (born 13 October 1939) is a German operatic baritone. A member of the Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden, from 1988 the Bayerische Staatsoper, he made an international career, singing more than 100 parts at major opera houses such as the Metropolitan Opera, and at festivals including the Bayreuth Festival. He participated in several premieres of contemporary opera.", "Q62882": "Marc Lowell Andreessen ( ann-DREE-s\u0259n; born July 9, 1971) is an American entrepreneur, investor, and software engineer. He is the co-author of Mosaic, the first widely used web browser; co-founder of Netscape; and co-founder and general partner of Silicon Valley venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz. He founded and later sold the software company Opsware to Hewlett-Packard. Andreessen is also a co-founder of Ning, a company that provides a platform for social networking websites. He sits on the board of directors of Facebook. Andreessen was one of six inductees in the World Wide Web Hall of Fame announced at the First International Conference on the World-Wide Web in 1994.", "Q100031": "Kaspar von Stieler, also called Caspar Stieler (2 August 1632 \u2013 24 June 1707), was a soldier-poet and later a linguist. He expressed the feelings of the soldiers of the Thirty Years War in his poetry.", "Q937791": "Francis Preston Blair Sr. (April 12, 1791 \u2013 October 18, 1876) was an American journalist, newspaper editor, and influential figure in national politics advising several U.S. presidents across party lines.\nBlair was an early member of the Democratic Party, and a strong supporter of President Andrew Jackson, having helped him win Kentucky in the 1828 presidential election. From 1831 to 1845, Blair worked as Editor-in-Chief of the Washington Globe, which served as the primary propaganda instrument for the Democratic Party, and was largely successful. Blair was an influential advisor to President Jackson, and served prominently in a group of unofficial advisors and assistants known as the \"Kitchen Cabinet\".\nBlair, despite being a slaveholder from Kentucky, eventually came to oppose the expansion of slavery into western territories. He supported the Free Soil Party ticket of Martin Van Buren and Charles Francis Adams Sr. in the 1848 presidential election. In 1854, in opposition to the Kansas\u2013Nebraska Act, he left the Democratic Party and helped establish the Republican Party. Blair served as an advisor to President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. In 1861, he was sent by Lincoln to offer command of a large Union army to Colonel Robert E. Lee, who declined, and instead joined the Confederacy. Blair also helped organize the Hampton Roads Conference of 1865, a failed attempt to end the war.\nAfter the Union victory, Blair became disillusioned with Radical Reconstruction, a policy promoted by many members of the Republican Party. He eventually left the party and rejoined the Democrats. His son, Francis Preston Blair Jr., was the party's nominee for vice president on a losing ticket in the 1868 election. Blair died in 1876 at age 85.\n\n", "Q25511": "Noro\u00eet (Une vengeance) is a 1976 experimental adventure fantasy drama directed by Jacques Rivette. The title is an alteration of nord-ouest (north-west), meaning the direction or the wind from that direction (in English, a \"nor'wester\"). The story is loosely based on Thomas Middleton's The Revenger's Tragedy. The film stars Geraldine Chaplin and Bernadette Lafont as pirates. Noro\u00eet would have followed Duelle (1976) as the third episode of the intended four-film series Sc\u00e8nes de la vie parall\u00e8le (the first being a supernatural love story and the fourth a musical).", "Q447827": "Antal Csengery (June 2, 1822 \u2013 July 13, 1880), Hungarian publicist, and a historical writer of great influence on his time.", "Q235754": "Kellie Noelle Martin (born October 16, 1975) is an American actress and producer. She is known for her roles as Rebecca \"Becca\" Thatcher in Life Goes On (1989\u20131993), Christy Huddleston in Christy (1994\u20131995), Lucy Knight on ER (1998\u20132000), Samantha Kinsey in Mystery Woman TV film series (2003\u20132007), and as Hailey Dean in the Hailey Dean Mystery TV film series (2016\u2013present).\n\n", "Q1443688": "Kirk Windstein (born April 14, 1965) is an American musician. He is a founding member of the sludge metal band Crowbar, and a founding member of the heavy metal supergroup Down playing with them from 1991 to 2013 and later rejoining in 2020. In 2005, Windstein formed Kingdom of Sorrow with Jamey Jasta of Hatebreed. Their debut album was released in 2008. Windstein began his musical career in 1985 as a guitarist for a cover band called Victorian Blitz, and in 1988 joined a hardcore punk band called Shell Shock as a vocalist and guitarist.", "Q14914": "Coesfeld (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ko\u02d0sf\u025blt]) is the capital of the district of Coesfeld in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.", "Q181249": "Charles Edward Coughlin ( KOG-lin; October 25, 1891 \u2013 October 27, 1979) was a Canadian-American Roman Catholic priest who was based in the United States near Detroit. He was the founding priest of the National Shrine of the Little Flower church. Commonly known as Father Coughlin, he was one of the first political leaders to use radio to reach a mass audience: during the 1930s, an estimated 30 million listeners tuned to his weekly broadcasts. \nInitially, Coughlin was a vocal supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal, but became a harsh critic of Roosevelt, accusing him of being too friendly to bankers. In 1934, he established a political organization called the National Union for Social Justice. Its platform called for monetary reforms, nationalization of major industries and railroads, and protection of labor rights. The membership ran into the millions, but it was not well organized locally.After hinting at attacks on Jewish bankers, Coughlin began to use his radio program to broadcast antisemitic commentary. In the late 1930s, he supported some of the fascist policies of Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Emperor Hirohito of Japan. The broadcasts have been described as \"a variation of the Fascist agenda applied to American culture\". His chief topics were political and economic rather than religious, using the slogan \"Social Justice\". After the outbreak of World War II in Europe in 1939, the Roosevelt administration finally forced the cancellation of his radio program and forbade distribution by mail of his newspaper, Social Justice.", "Q2156536": "Robert Bellamy Clifton FRS (13 March 1836 \u2013 21 February 1921) was a British scientist.\n\n", "Q387694": "Dark Harbor is a 1998 film directed by Adam Coleman Howard starring Alan Rickman, Norman Reedus and Polly Walker.", "Q68411": "Michael St\u00fcrmer (born September 29, 1938) is a right-wing German historian arguably best known for his role in the Historikerstreit of the 1980s, for his geographical interpretation of German history and for an admiring 2008 biography of the Russian politician Vladimir Putin.", "Q152011": "My Favorite Brunette is a 1947 American romantic comedy film and film noir parody, directed by Elliott Nugent and starring Bob Hope and Dorothy Lamour. Written by Edmund Beloin and Jack Rose, the film is about a baby photographer on death row in San Quentin State Prison who tells reporters his history. While taking care of his private-eye neighbor's office, he is asked by an irresistible baroness to find a missing baron, which initiates a series of confusing but sinister events in a gloomy mansion and a private sanatorium. Spoofing movie detectives and the film noir style, the film features Lon Chaney, Jr. playing Willie, a character based on his Of Mice and Men role Lennie; Peter Lorre as Kismet, a comic take on his many film noir roles; and cameo appearances by film noir regular Alan Ladd and Hope partner Bing Crosby. Sequences were filmed in San Francisco and Pebble Beach, California.", "Q4739024": "Amadeo Barletta Barletta was born in Italy in 1894 and died in the Dominican Republic in 1975. He was a successful Italian entrepreneur who migrated to the Caribbean in the early years of the 20th century and made significant contributions to the modernization of transportation and the media in the Dominican Republic and Cuba. \nBarletta's unusual business acumen and character allowed him to overcome major adversities. A hurricane destroyed his properties in the Dominican Republic in 1930. Trujillo confiscated them in 1935. Batista seized his businesses in 1941. Fidel Castro expropriated them in 1960.", "Q711367": "Roger \"Buzz\" Osborne, also known as King Buzzo (born March 25, 1964), is an American guitarist, vocalist and songwriter. He is a founding member of the Melvins, as well as Fant\u00f4mas and Venomous Concept.", "Q38226": "Basileus Quartet (Italian: Quartetto Basileus) is a 1983 Italian film. It stars actor Gabriele Ferzetti.", "Q261305": "Bite the Bullet is a 1975 American Western film written, produced, and directed by Richard Brooks and starring Gene Hackman, Candice Bergen, and James Coburn, with Ian Bannen, Jan-Michael Vincent, Ben Johnson, and Dabney Coleman in supporting roles.", "Q51290": "The harmonica, also known as a French harp or mouth organ, is a free reed wind instrument used worldwide in many musical genres, notably in blues, American folk music, classical music, jazz, country, and rock. There are many types of harmonica, including diatonic, chromatic, tremolo, octave, orchestral, and bass versions. A harmonica is played by using the mouth (lips and tongue) to direct air into or out of one (or more) holes along a mouthpiece. Behind each hole is a chamber containing at least one reed. A harmonica reed is a flat elongated spring typically made of brass, stainless steel, or bronze, which is secured at one end over a slot that serves as an airway. When the free end is made to vibrate by the player's air, it alternately blocks and unblocks the airway to produce sound.\nReeds are pre-tuned to individual pitches. Tuning may involve changing a reed\u2019s length, the weight near its free end, or the stiffness near its fixed end. Longer, heavier and springier reeds produce deeper, lower sounds; shorter, lighter and stiffer reeds make higher-pitched sounds. If, as on most modern harmonicas, a reed is affixed above or below its slot rather than in the plane of the slot, it responds more easily to air flowing in the direction that initially would push it into the slot, i.e., as a closing reed. This difference in response to air direction makes it possible to include both a blow reed and a draw reed in the same air chamber and to play them separately without relying on flaps of plastic or leather (valves, wind-savers) to block the non-playing reed.\nAn important technique in performance is bending: causing a drop in pitch by making embouchure adjustments. It is possible to bend isolated reeds, as on chromatic and other harmonica models with wind-savers, but also to both lower, and raise (overbend, overblow, overdraw) the pitch produced by pairs of reeds in the same chamber, as on a diatonic or other unvalved harmonica. Such two-reed pitch changes actually involve sound production by the normally silent reed, the opening reed (for instance, the blow reed while the player is drawing).\n\n", "Q41083": "Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary depending in which of the four stages it presents (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary). The primary stage classically presents with a single chancre (a firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulceration usually between 1 cm and 2 cm in diameter) though there may be multiple sores. In secondary syphilis, a diffuse rash occurs, which frequently involves the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. There may also be sores in the mouth or vagina. In latent syphilis, which can last for years, there are few or no symptoms. In tertiary syphilis, there are gummas (soft, non-cancerous growths), neurological problems, or heart symptoms. Syphilis has been known as \"the great imitator\" as it may cause symptoms similar to many other diseases.Syphilis is most commonly spread through sexual activity. It may also be transmitted from mother to baby during pregnancy or at birth, resulting in congenital syphilis. Other diseases caused by the Treponema bacteria include yaws (subspecies pertenue), pinta (subspecies carateum), and nonvenereal endemic syphilis (subspecies endemicum). These three diseases are not typically sexually transmitted. Diagnosis is usually made by using blood tests; the bacteria can also be detected using dark field microscopy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) recommend all pregnant women be tested.The risk of sexual transmission of syphilis can be reduced by using a latex or polyurethane condom. Syphilis can be effectively treated with antibiotics. The preferred antibiotic for most cases is benzathine benzylpenicillin injected into a muscle. In those who have a severe penicillin allergy, doxycycline or tetracycline may be used. In those with neurosyphilis, intravenous benzylpenicillin or ceftriaxone is recommended. During treatment people may develop fever, headache, and muscle pains, a reaction known as Jarisch\u2013Herxheimer.In 2015, about 45.4 million people were infected with syphilis, with 6 million new cases. During 2015, it caused about 107,000 deaths, down from 202,000 in 1990. After decreasing dramatically with the availability of penicillin in the 1940s, rates of infection have increased since the turn of the millennium in many countries, often in combination with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This is believed to be partly due to increased promiscuity, prostitution, decreasing use of condoms, and unsafe sexual practices among men who have sex with men.", "Q154460": "Christian II (1 July 1481 \u2013 25 January 1559) was a Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union. He reigned as King of Denmark and Norway from 1513 until 1523 and of Sweden from 1520 until 1521. From 1513 to 1523, he was concurrently Duke of Schleswig and Holstein in joint rule with his uncle Frederick.\nChristian was the oldest son of King John and belonged to the House of Oldenburg. Denmark was then an elective monarchy in which the nobility elected the new king (from among the sons or close male relatives of the previous monarch), who had to share his power with them. He came into conflict with the Danish nobility when he was forced to sign a charter, more strict than any previous, to ensure his access to the throne. Through domestic reforms he later sought to evade the restrictions of the charter. \nInternationally, he tried to maintain the Kalmar Union between the Scandinavian countries which brought him to war with Sweden, lasting between 1518 and 1523. Though he captured the country in 1520, his slaughter of leading Swedish nobility afterwards (known as the Stockholm Bloodbath) made him despised and after a short reign in Sweden, where to this day he is known as Christian the Tyrant (Kristian Tyrann), he was deposed in a rebellion led by the nobleman and later king of Sweden Gustav Vasa. His problems grew as he tried to limit the influence of foreign trading nations in Denmark. His reign in Denmark and Norway was cut short in 1523 when his uncle deposed him and took the thrones as Frederick I.\nChristian was exiled to the Netherlands, ruled by his brother-in-law, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. After attempting to reclaim the thrones in 1531, he was arrested and held in captivity for the rest of his life, first in S\u00f8nderborg Castle and later at Kalundborg Castle. As a captive, he was treated well and as he grew older he was gradually given more freedom. He died aged 77, outliving his uncle and his cousin, King Christian III. Supporters tried to restore him to power both during his exile and his imprisonment but they were defeated decisively during the Count's Feud in 1536.Personally, he was intelligent but irresolute (he could not decide between Protestantism and Catholicism for instance), which is also part of his legacy in literature. In 1515, he married Isabella of Austria, granddaughter of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. However, he is most known for his relation with Dyveke Sigbritsdatter, a commoner of Dutch ancestry who became his mistress before his marriage and whose mother became his closest advisor. When Dyveke suddenly died in 1517, Christian had the nobleman Torben Oxe executed, on dubious grounds, for having poisoned her. Dyveke\u2019s mother would follow Christian in exile but his in-laws forced him to break their friendship. His wife was invited to remain in Denmark rather than live in exile but declined and died in 1526, after which her family took Christian's children from him. Christian tried to have his son John recognized as heir to the throne; however, this was denied and John died a year later. His daughters, Dorothea and Christina, the children of his to survive childhood, also made claims to the throne on behalf of themselves or their children but likewise in vain.", "Q27306": "The Kingdom of Prussia (German: K\u00f6nigreich Preu\u00dfen) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. It was the driving force behind the unification of Germany in 1871 and was the leading state of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918. Although it took its name from the region called Prussia, it was based in the Margraviate of Brandenburg, where its capital was Berlin.\nThe kings of Prussia were from the House of Hohenzollern. Prussia was a great power from the time it became a kingdom, through its predecessor, Brandenburg-Prussia, which became a military power under Frederick William, known as \"The Great Elector\". Prussia continued its rise to power under the guidance of Frederick II, more commonly known as Frederick the Great, who was the third son of Frederick William I. Frederick the Great was instrumental in starting the Seven Years' War, holding his own against Austria, Russia, France and Sweden and establishing Prussia's role in the German states, as well as establishing the country as a European great power. After the might of Prussia was revealed it was considered as a major power among the German states. Throughout the next hundred years Prussia went on to win many battles, and many wars. Because of its power, Prussia continuously tried to unify all the German states (excluding the German cantons in Switzerland) under its rule, and whether Austria would be included in such a unified German domain was an ongoing question.\nAfter the Napoleonic Wars led to the creation of the German Confederation, the issue of unifying the German states caused a number of revolutions throughout the German states, with all states wanting to have their own constitution. Attempts to create a federation remained unsuccessful and the German Confederation collapsed in 1866 when war ensued between its two most powerful member states, Prussia and Austria. The North German Confederation, which lasted from 1867 to 1871, created a closer union between the Prussian-aligned states while Austria and most of Southern Germany remained independent. The North German Confederation was seen as more of an alliance of military strength in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War but many of its laws were later used in the German Empire. The German Empire lasted from 1871 to 1918 with the successful unification of all the German states under Prussian hegemony; this was due to the defeat of Napoleon III in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870\u201371. The war united all the German states against a common enemy, and with the victory came an overwhelming wave of nationalism which changed the opinions of some of those who had been against unification. In 1871, Germany unified into a single country, minus Austria and Switzerland, with Prussia the dominant power.Prussia is considered the legal predecessor of the unified German Reich (1871\u20131945) and as such a direct ancestor of today's Federal Republic of Germany. The formal abolition of Prussia, carried out on 25 February 1947 by the fiat of the Allied Control Council, referred to an alleged tradition of the kingdom as a bearer of militarism and reaction, and made way for the current setup of the German states. However, the Free State of Prussia (Freistaat Preu\u00dfen), which followed the abolition of the Kingdom of Prussia in the aftermath of World War I, was a major democratic force in Weimar Germany until the nationalist coup of 1932 known as the Preu\u00dfenschlag. The Kingdom left a significant cultural legacy, today notably promoted by the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz (SPK)), which has become one of the largest cultural organisations in the world.", "Q536012": "Myrtle Reed (September 27, 1874 \u2013 August 17, 1911) was an American author, poet, journalist, and philanthropist. She wrote a number of bestsellers and even published a series of cookbooks under the pseudonym Olive Green.", "Q209913": "Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London is a 2004 American action comedy film and the sequel to the 2003 film Agent Cody Banks. Directed by Kevin Allen and written by Don Rhymer, the film stars Frankie Muniz (one of the only major returning actors from the previous film), Hannah Spearritt, Anthony Anderson and Keith David. The film takes place in London with Cody and his buffoonish adult partner, Derek trying to recover a stolen software and stop the activation of the government's mind control project.\nThe film and was released in the United States on March 12, 2004 and grossed $28 million worldwide, against its $26 million budget.", "Q76149": "Christian Tramitz (born 29 July 1955 in Munich) is a German-Austrian actor, comedian, voice actor and author.", "Q717070": "Michelle Reis (born Michele Monique Reis; 20 June 1970), also known as Lee Ka-yan, is a Hong Kong actress of Portuguese and Chinese descent. She is the winner of Miss Chinese International Pageant 1988 and Miss Hong Kong 1988 Beauty pageants.\n\n", "Q381583": "Benjamin Garver Lamme (January 12, 1864 \u2013 July 8, 1924) was an American electrical engineer and chief engineer at Westinghouse, where he was responsible for the design of electrical power machines. Lamme created an efficient induction motor from Nikola Tesla's patents and went on to design the giant Niagara Falls generators and motors and the power plant of the Manhattan Elevated Railway in New York City.", "Q124839": "Teo Otto (1904\u20131968) was a Swiss stage designer. He trained in Kassel and Paris and in 1926 taught at the Bauhaus in Weimar. In 1928 he became an assistant at the Berlin Staatsoper. Following the Nazis' seizure of power in Germany, he returned to Switzerland where he was resident designer at the Z\u00fcrich Schauspielhaus for 25 years.", "Q102140": "Henry II (5 March 1133 \u2013 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (French: Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, was King of England from 1154 to his death. He was the first king of the House of Plantagenet. King Louis VII of France made him Duke of Normandy in 1150. Henry became Count of Anjou and Maine upon the death of his father, Geoffrey of Anjou, in 1151. His marriage in 1152 to Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, whose marriage to Louis VII had recently been annulled, made him Duke of Aquitaine. He became Count of Nantes by treaty in 1185. At various times, Henry also partially controlled Scotland, Wales and the Duchy of Brittany. Before he was 40 he controlled England, large parts of Wales, the eastern half of Ireland and the western half of France\u2014an area that would later come to be called the Angevin Empire.\nHenry became actively involved by the age of 14 in the efforts of his mother Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, to claim the throne of England, then occupied by Stephen of Blois. Stephen agreed to a peace treaty after Henry's military expedition to England in 1153, and Henry inherited the kingdom on Stephen's death a year later. Henry was an energetic and sometimes ruthless ruler, driven by a desire to restore the lands and privileges of his grandfather Henry I. During the early years of his reign the younger Henry restored the royal administration in England, re-established hegemony over Wales and gained full control over his lands in Anjou, Maine and Touraine. Henry's desire to reform the relationship with the Church led to conflict with his former friend Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury. This controversy lasted for much of the 1160s and resulted in Becket's murder in 1170. Henry soon came into conflict with Louis VII and the two rulers fought what has been termed a \"cold war\" over several decades. Henry expanded his empire at Louis's expense, taking Brittany and pushing east into central France and south into Toulouse; despite numerous peace conferences and treaties no lasting agreement was reached.\nHenry and Eleanor had eight children\u2014three daughters and five sons. Three of his sons would be king, though Henry the Young King was named his father's co-ruler rather than a stand-alone king. As the sons grew up, tensions over the future inheritance of the empire began to emerge, encouraged by Louis and his son King Philip II. In 1173 Henry's heir apparent, \"Young Henry\", rebelled in protest; he was joined by his brothers Richard (later a king) and Geoffrey and by their mother, Eleanor. France, Scotland, Brittany, Flanders, and Boulogne allied themselves with the rebels. The Great Revolt was only defeated by Henry's vigorous military action and talented local commanders, many of them \"new men\" appointed for their loyalty and administrative skills. Young Henry and Geoffrey revolted again in 1183, resulting in Young Henry's death. The Norman invasion of Ireland provided lands for his youngest son John (later a king), but Henry struggled to find ways to satisfy all his sons' desires for land and immediate power. By 1189, Young Henry and Geoffrey were dead, and Philip successfully played on Richard's fears that Henry II would make John king, leading to a final rebellion. Decisively defeated by Philip and Richard and suffering from a bleeding ulcer, Henry retreated to Chinon castle in Anjou. He died soon afterwards and was succeeded by Richard.\nHenry's empire quickly collapsed during the reign of his son John, but many of the changes Henry introduced during his long rule had long-term consequences. Henry's legal changes are generally considered to have laid the basis for the English Common Law, while his intervention in Brittany, Wales, and Scotland shaped the development of their societies and governmental systems. Historical interpretations of Henry's reign have changed considerably over time. In the 18th century, scholars argued that Henry was a driving force in the creation of a genuinely English monarchy and, ultimately, a unified Britain. During the Victorian expansion of the British Empire, historians were keenly interested in the formation of Henry's own empire, but they also expressed concern over his private life and treatment of Becket. Late-20th-century historians have combined British and French historical accounts of Henry, challenging earlier Anglocentric interpretations of his reign.", "Q3383924": "Pierre Bellanger (born 1958) is founder and CEO of Skyrock, a French commercial radio station, and founder of skyrock.com, a French-language social network.\n\n", "Q122290": "Jean-Paul Marat (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303p\u0254l ma\u0281a]; 24 May 1743 \u2013 13 July 1793) was a French political theorist, physician and scientist. He was a journalist and politician during the French Revolution. He was a vigorous defender of the sans-culottes and seen as a radical voice. He published his views in pamphlets, placards and newspapers. His periodical L'Ami du peuple (Friend of the People) made him an unofficial link with the radical Jacobin group that came to power after June 1793.\nHis journalism was renowned for its fierce tone, advocacy of basic human rights for the poorest members of society, and uncompromising stance toward the new leaders and institutions of the revolution. Responsibility for the September massacres has been attributed to him, but the collective mentality that made them possible resulted from circumstances and not from the will of any particular individual. Marat was assassinated by Charlotte Corday, a Girondin sympathizer, while taking a medicinal bath for his debilitating skin condition. Corday was executed four days later for his assassination, on 17 July 1793.\nIn death, Marat became an icon to the Jacobins as a revolutionary martyr. He is portrayed in Jacques-Louis David's famous painting, The Death of Marat.", "Q42346215": "The Catalan State (Catalan: Estat Catal\u00e0, IPA: [\u0259s\u02c8tat k\u0259t\u0259\u02c8la]) was a short-lived state proclaimed during the events of 6 October 1934 by Llu\u00eds Companys as the \"Catalan State within the Spanish Federal Republic\".", "Q315490": "Sir John Hawkins (also spelled as Hawkyns) (1532 \u2013 12 November 1595) was an English naval commander and administrator, slave trader, spy, merchant, navigator, shipbuilder, and privateer. His elder brother and trading partner was William (b. c. 1519). He was considered the first English trader to profit from the Triangle Trade, based on selling supplies to colonies ill-supplied by their home countries, and their demand for African slaves in the Spanish colonies of Santo Domingo and Venezuela in the late 16th century. He styled himself \"Captain General\" as the General of both his own flotilla of ships and those of the English Royal Navy and to distinguish himself from those Admirals that served only in the administrative sense and were not military in nature. His death and that of his second cousin and protege, Sir Francis Drake, heralded the decline of the Royal Navy for decades before its recovery and eventual dominance again helped by the tales of derring-do of the Navy's glory days under his leadership.As Treasurer of the Navy (1577-1595) and comptroller (1589) of the Royal Navy, Hawkins rebuilt older ships and helped design the faster ships that withstood the Spanish Armada in 1588. One of the foremost seamen of 16th-century England, Hawkins was the chief architect of the Elizabethan navy. In the battle in which the Spanish Armada was defeated in 1588, Hawkins served as a vice admiral. He was knighted for gallantry. He later devised the naval blockade to intercept Spanish treasure ships leaving Mexico and South America.", "Q67044": "Muolen is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of St. Gallen in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q955114": "Hagbard Emanuel Berner (12 September 1839 \u2013 24 January 1920) was a Norwegian jurist, Liberal Party politician and newspaper editor. He initiated a series of long-lived enterprises, including the publishing house Det Norske Samlaget, the newspaper Dagbladet and the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights. Berner served as a liberal Member of Parliament, as Auditor General of Norway and as Burgomaster of Christiania.", "Q152777": "Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram (Thai: \u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e01 \u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e21 [pl\u025b\u0300\u02d0k p\u02b0\u00ed.b\u016b\u02d0n.s\u01d2\u014b.k\u02b0r\u0101\u02d0m]; alternatively transcribed as Pibulsongkram or Pibulsonggram; 14 July 1897 \u2013 11 June 1964), locally known as Chomphon Por (Thai: \u0e08\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e25 \u0e1b.;[t\u0255\u0254\u0304\u02d0m.p\u02b0\u014dn.p\u0254\u0304\u02d0]), contemporarily known as Phibun (Pibul) in the West, was a Thai military officer and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Thailand and dictator from 1938 to 1944 and 1948 to 1957.\nPhibunsongkhram was a member of the Royal Siamese Army wing of Khana Ratsadon, the first political party in Thailand, and a leader of the Siamese revolution of 1932 transforming Thailand from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. Phibun became the third Prime Minister of Thailand in 1938 as Commander of the Royal Siamese Army, established a de facto military dictatorship inspired by the Italian fascism of Benito Mussolini, promoted Thai nationalism and sinophobia, and allied Thailand with Imperial Japan in World War II. Phibun launched a modernization campaign known as the Thai Cultural Revolution that included a series of cultural mandates, changing the country's name from \"Siam\" to \"Thailand\", and promotion of the common Thai language. \nPhibun was ousted as Prime Minister by the National Assembly in 1944 and replaced by members of the Free Thai Movement until returning to power in the Siamese coup d'\u00e9tat of 1947 led by the Coup Group. Phibun aligned Thailand with anti-communism in the Cold War, entered the Korean War under the United Nations Command, and abandoned fascism for a fa\u00e7ade of democracy. Phibun's second term as Prime Minister was plagued by political instability and was subject to several attempted coup d'etats to remove him including the Army General Staff plot in 1948, the Palace Rebellion in 1949, and the Manhattan Rebellion in 1951. Phibun attempted to transform Thailand into a liberal democracy from the mid-1950s, but was overthrown in 1957 and entered exile in Japan where he died in 1964.\nPhibun is the longest serving Prime Minister of Thailand to-date at 15 years and one month.", "Q155018": "The Name of the Rose is a 1986 Italian-German-French mystery historical drama film directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud, based on the novel of the same name by Umberto Eco. Sean Connery stars as the Franciscan friar William of Baskerville, called upon to solve a deadly mystery in a medieval abbey, and Christian Slater is his apprentice Adso of Melk.", "Q698557": "Emily Lau Wai-hing, JP (Chinese: \u5289\u6167\u537f; born 21 January 1952) is a politician in Hong Kong who champions press freedom and human rights. A former journalist, she became the first woman directly elected on the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in the 1991 LegCo elections. She has served as Legislative Councillor for the New Territories East Constituency throughout the 1990s and 2000s until she stepped down in 2016. She was chairperson of the Democratic Party of Hong Kong until 2016.", "Q57187": "Stefan Anton George (German: [\u02c8\u0283t\u025bfan \u02c8anto\u02d0n \u0261e\u02c8\u0254\u0281\u0261\u0259]; 12 July 1868 \u2013 4 December 1933) was a German symbolist poet and a translator of Dante Alighieri, William Shakespeare, and Charles Baudelaire.", "Q159622": "Ali Daei (Persian: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u200e pronounced [\u0294\u00e6li\u02d0 d\u0251\u02d0ji\u02d0]; born 21 March 1969) is an Iranian former professional footballer, football manager and businessman. A striker, he was captain of the Iran national football team, and played for clubs such as Bayern Munich and Hertha BSC. He is currently the owner and CEO of Daei Sport.\nDaei is the world's all-time leading goalscorer in the history of men's international football with 109 goals scored for Iran, an achievement listed in Guinness World Records. During his playing career, Daei was appointed a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 2001. Playing his last game for Iran in 2006, from June 2007 until 2013, Daei was a member of the FIFA Football Committee.", "Q461638": "Robert Dessaix (born 17 February 1944) is an Australian novelist, essayist and journalist.", "Q156511": "Pierre Mauroy (French: [pj\u025b\u0281 mo\u0281wa]; 5 July 1928 \u2013 7 June 2013) was a French Socialist politician who was Prime Minister of France from 1981 to 1984 under President Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand. Mauroy also served as Mayor of Lille from 1973 to 2001. At the time of his death Mauroy was the emeritus mayor of the city of Lille. He died from complications of lung cancer on 7 June 2013 at the age of 84. He is the namesake of Lille's new stadium, Stade Pierre-Mauroy.", "Q910448": "William Bret Baier (born August 4, 1970) is the host of Special Report with Bret Baier on the Fox News Channel and the chief political anchor for Fox. He previously worked as the network's Chief White House Correspondent and Pentagon correspondent.", "Q149431": "Cadillac Records is a 2008 American biographical drama film written and directed by Darnell Martin. The film explores the musical era from the early 1940s to the late 1960s, chronicling the life of the influential Chicago-based record-company executive Leonard Chess, and a few of the musicians who recorded for Chess Records.\nThe film stars Adrien Brody as Leonard Chess, Cedric the Entertainer as Willie Dixon, Mos Def as Chuck Berry, Columbus Short as Little Walter, Jeffrey Wright as Muddy Waters, Eamonn Walker as Howlin' Wolf, and Beyonc\u00e9 as Etta James. The film was released in North America on December 5, 2008 by TriStar Pictures.", "Q35064": "Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, (n\u00e9e Miller; 15 September 1890 \u2013 12 January 1976) was an English writer known for her sixty-six detective novels and fourteen short story collections, particularly those revolving around fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. She also wrote the world's longest-running play The Mousetrap, performed in the West End since 1952, as well as six romances under the pseudonym Mary Westmacott. In 1971, she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) for her contribution to literature.Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay, Devon. She served in a Devon hospital during the First World War, acquiring a good knowledge of poisons which would later feature in many of her novels, short stories, and plays. She was initially an unsuccessful writer with six consecutive rejections, but this changed when The Mysterious Affair at Styles was published in 1920 featuring Hercule Poirot. Following her second marriage in 1930 to an archaeologist, she used her first-hand knowledge of her husband's profession in her fiction. During the Second World War, she worked as a pharmacy assistant at University College Hospital, London, updating her knowledge of toxins while contributing to the war effort.\nGuinness World Records lists Christie as the best-selling novelist of all time. Her novels have sold roughly 2 billion copies, and her estate claims that her works come third in the rankings of the world's most-widely published books, behind only Shakespeare's works and the Bible. According to Index Translationum, she remains the most-translated individual author, having been translated into at least 103 languages. And Then There Were None is Christie's best-selling novel, with 100 million sales to date, making it the world's best-selling mystery ever and one of the best-selling books of all time. Christie's stage play The Mousetrap holds the world record for longest initial run. It opened at the Ambassadors Theatre in the West End on 25 November 1952, and as of April 2019 was still running after more than 27,000 performances.In 1955, Christie was the first recipient of the Mystery Writers of America's Grand Master Award. Later the year, Witness for the Prosecution received an Edgar Award from the MWA for best play.\nIn 2013, The Murder of Roger Ackroyd was voted the best crime novel ever by 600 writers of the Crime Writers' Association. On 15 September 2015, coinciding with her 125th birthday, And Then There Were None was named the \"World's Favourite Christie\" in a vote sponsored by the author's estate. Most of her books and short stories have been adapted for television, radio, video games, and comics, and more than thirty feature films have been based on her work.", "Q3386684": "Pierre Pringuet is a French businessman. He was the chief executive officer of Pernod-Ricard from 2008 to 2015. He serves as its vice president, as well as the president of the French Association of Private Enterprises (AFEP).", "Q887720": "Jos\u00e9 Serrato (September 30, 1868 \u2013 September 7, 1960) was a Uruguayan political figure.", "Q213793": "Phillip Harvey Spector (born Harvey Phillip Spector, December 26, 1939) is an American record producer, musician, and songwriter who developed the Wall of Sound, a music production formula he described as a Wagnerian approach to rock and roll. Spector was dubbed the \"First Tycoon of Teen\" by writer Tom Wolfe in 1965, and is regarded as one of the most influential figures in pop music history. After the 1970s, Spector mostly retired from public life. In 2009, he was convicted of second-degree murder and has remained incarcerated since.Born in the Bronx, Spector began his career in 1958 as co-founder, guitarist, and vocalist of the Teddy Bears, penning their US number-one single \"To Know Him Is to Love Him\". In 1960, he co-founded Philles Records, and at the age of 21, became the youngest ever US label owner to that point. Over the next several years, he wrote, co-wrote, or produced records for acts such as the Ronettes and the Crystals, and later, John Lennon and George Harrison of the Beatles. He often employed what would become known as \"the Wrecking Crew\" as his de facto house band while collaborating with arranger Jack Nitzsche, engineer Larry Levine, and various Brill Building songwriters. Spector's other chart-topping singles include \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" (co-written and produced for the Righteous Brothers, 1964), \"The Long and Winding Road\" (produced for the Beatles, 1970), and \"My Sweet Lord\" (produced for Harrison, 1970).\nSpector is considered the first auteur among musical artists for the unprecedented freedom and control he had over every phase of the recording process. Additionally, he helped engender the idea of the studio as an instrument, the integration of pop art aesthetics into music (art pop), and the art rock genre. His honors include the 1973 Grammy Award for Album of the Year for co-producing Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh (1971), a 1989 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and a 1997 induction into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Spector number 63 on their list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\". According to BMI, \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" is the song that received the most US airplay in the 20th century.By the mid-1970s, Spector had produced eighteen US Top 10 singles for various artists, but following work with Leonard Cohen, Dion DiMucci, and the Ramones, he remained largely inactive and affected by personal struggles. In 2003, the actress Lana Clarkson was found dead from a bullet wound in Spector's home. He maintained to authorities and the media that she had accidentally shot herself. From 2007 to 2009, he was the subject of two trials, the second of which ended in a guilty verdict. He is serving a prison sentence of 19 years to life and will be eligible for parole in 2025.", "Q106326": "Jean-Claude Brialy (30 March 1933 \u2013 30 May 2007) was a French actor and director.", "Q232985": "Beatrice \"Bebe\" Neuwirth (; born December 31, 1958) is an American actress, singer and dancer. On television, she played Dr Lilith Sternin, Frasier Crane's wife, on both the TV sitcom Cheers (in a starring role) and its spin-off Frasier (in a recurring guest role). The role won her two Emmy Awards. On stage she played the Tony Award\u2013winning roles of Nickie in the revival of Sweet Charity (1986) and Velma Kelly in the revival of Chicago (1996). Other Broadway musical roles include Morticia Addams in The Addams Family (2010). From 2014 to 2017, she starred as Nadine Tolliver in the CBS political drama Madam Secretary. In film, she portrayed Nora Shepherd in Jumanji (1995) and Jumanji: The Next Level (2019).", "Q361311": "Mammad Amin Rasulzade (Azerbaijani: M\u0259mm\u0259d \u018fmin R\u0259sulzad\u0259) Azerbaijani pronunciation: [m\u00e6\u02c8m\u00e6d \u00e6\u02c8min \u027e\u00e6sulz\u0251\u02d0\u02c8d\u00e6], (Turkish: Mehmet Emin Resulzade 31 January 1884 \u2013 6 March 1955) was an Azerbaijani statesman, scholar, public figure and the head of the Azerbaijani National Council. His expression \"Bir k\u0259r\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259l\u0259n bayraq, bir daha enm\u0259z!\" (\"The flag once raised will never fall!\") became the motto of the independence movement in Azerbaijan in the 20th century.", "Q44845": "Peter Sloterdijk (; German: [\u02c8slo\u02d0t\u0250\u02ccda\u026ak]; born 26 June 1947) is a German philosopher and cultural theorist. He is a professor of philosophy and media theory at the University of Art and Design Karlsruhe. He co-hosted the German television show Im Glashaus: Das Philosophische Quartett from 2002 until 2012.", "Q55790": "Dattatray Vaman Potdar (5 August 1890 \u2013 6 October 1979), better known as Datto Vaman Potdar, was an Indian historian, writer, and orator. He was the Vice-Chancellor of University of Pune during 1961 - 1964.\nThe Government of India had honored Potdar with the title Mahamahopadhyaya in 1946, and Padmabhushan in 1967. Because of his vast knowledge, he was sometimes called as Dr. Johnson of Maharashtra or a living encyclopedia.\nPotdar was a disciple of Itihasacharya Rajwade, and a trustee of Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal (\u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0933) in Pune. His disciples included Pandurang Sadashiv Sane, Swami Swaroopanand, Vasudeo Sitaram Bendrey, Sethu Madhav Rao Pagadi, and Ramchandra Chintaman Dhere.\n\n", "Q272379": "Charlotte Elisabeth Grace Roche (born 18 March 1978 in High Wycombe, England) is a British-German television presenter, producer, actress and author. She is best known for her novel Wetlands.\n\n", "Q539309": "Angie Reed is an American electronica vocalist and multiinstrumentalist, now living in Berlin.\nAfter playing in Angie et ses Tigres, she joined Stereo Total at the age of 21 as a bassist and vocalist. She left the band to pursue a solo career in 2000. Her debut solo concept album, Presents the Best of Barbara Brockhaus, recorded at Chicks on Speed Records and produced by Patric Catani and Bomb 20, was released in 2003. Angie toured most of Europe as well as Istanbul, Tokyo and Moscow until 2005, when her second album, XYZ Frequency was released.\nShe worked with a lot of well-known bands and musicians like Die Goldenen Zitronen, Gonzales or Namosh. Angie writes the lyrics, sings the vocals to her records, plays most of the instruments and does some of the production work. Her music ranges from pure electronica to rock. Her shows are often accompanied by video and images that she designed.\nShe appeared in the films Ladybug (2006) as Veronica Neat and in archive footage in \u00dcbriggebliebene ausgereifte Haltungen (2007), a German documentary.", "Q105607": "Joerg Stadler is a German actor. His most noted roles include that of a captured German soldier, \"Steamboat Willie\", in Saving Private Ryan (1998), and opposite Brad Pitt in Spy Game (2001) as an East German spy left behind enemy lines.", "Q82786": "Leslie William Nielsen (11 February 1926 \u2013 28 November 2010) was a Canadian actor, comedian and producer. He appeared in more than 100 films and 150 television programs, portraying more than 220 characters.Nielsen was born in Regina, Saskatchewan. He enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force and later worked as a disc jockey before receiving a scholarship to study theatre at the Neighborhood Playhouse. He made his acting debut in 1950, appearing in 46 live television programs a year. Nielsen made his film debut in 1956, with supporting roles in several drama, Western, and romance films produced between the 1950s and the 1970s.\nAlthough his notable performances in the films Forbidden Planet and The Poseidon Adventure gave him standing as a serious actor, Nielsen later gained enduring recognition for his deadpan comedy roles during the 1980s, after being cast against type for the Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker comedy film Airplane!. In his comedy roles, Nielsen specialized in portraying characters oblivious to and complicit in their absurd surroundings. Nielsen's performance in Airplane! marked his turning point, which made him \"the Olivier of spoofs\" according to film critic Roger Ebert, and leading to further success in the genre with The Naked Gun film series, based on the earlier short-lived television series Police Squad!, in which Nielsen also starred. Nielsen received a variety of awards and was inducted into the Canada's Walk of Fame and Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q93853": "Once Upon a Time in Mexico (also known as Desperado 2) is a 2003 American contemporary western action film written, directed, produced, photographed, scored, and edited by Robert Rodriguez. It is the third and final film in Rodriguez's Mexico Trilogy, and it is a sequel to 1993's El Mariachi and 1995's Desperado. The film features Antonio Banderas in his second and final performance as El Mariachi. In the film, El Mariachi is recruited by CIA agent Sheldon Sands (Johnny Depp) to kill a corrupt general responsible for the death of his wife, Carolina (Salma Hayek).\nIt was Rodriguez' first big budget film to be shot in digital HD. Once Upon a Time in Mexico received positive reviews but was criticized for reducing its protagonist to an almost secondary character in his own trilogy and for having a convoluted plot. In the special features of the film's DVD, Rodriguez explained this was intentional, as he wanted this to be his The Good, the Bad and the Ugly of the trilogy. Once Upon a Time in Mexico grossed $98 million.", "Q180619": "Stephen Jay Gould (; September 10, 1941 \u2013 May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science. He was also one of the most influential and widely read authors of popular science of his generation. Gould spent most of his career teaching at Harvard University and working at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. In 1996, Gould was hired as the Vincent Astor Visiting Research Professor of Biology at New York University, where he divided his time teaching there and at Harvard.\nGould's most significant contribution to evolutionary biology was the theory of punctuated equilibrium developed with Niles Eldredge in 1972. The theory proposes that most evolution is characterized by long periods of evolutionary stability, which is infrequently punctuated by swift periods of branching speciation. The theory was contrasted against phyletic gradualism, the popular idea that evolutionary change is marked by a pattern of smooth and continuous change in the fossil record.Most of Gould's empirical research was based on the land snail genera Poecilozonites and Cerion. He also made important contributions to evolutionary developmental biology, receiving broad professional recognition for his book Ontogeny and Phylogeny. In evolutionary theory he opposed strict selectionism, sociobiology as applied to humans, and evolutionary psychology. He campaigned against creationism and proposed that science and religion should be considered two distinct fields (or \"non-overlapping magisteria\") whose authorities do not overlap.Gould was known by the general public mainly for his 300 popular essays in Natural History magazine, and his numerous books written for both the specialist and non-specialist.\nIn April 2000, the US Library of Congress named him a \"Living Legend\".", "Q69041": "Mendrisio (Italian: [men\u02c8dri\u02d0zjo]; Ticinese: Mendris [m\u1ebd\u02c8dri\u02d0s]) is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nMendrisio is the seat of the Accademia di Architettura of the university of Italian-speaking Switzerland (USI).\nThe municipality was boosted in size on 4 April 2004 when it incorporated the former municipality of Salorino. On 5 April 2009 it incorporated the former municipalities of Arzo, Capolago, Genestrerio, Rancate and Tremona. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Besazio, Ligornetto and Meride merged into the municipality of Mendrisio.Mendrisio is served by Mendrisio railway station.", "Q38568": "S\u00e3o Paulo Futebol Clube (Portuguese pronunciation: [s\u0250\u0303w \u02c8pawlu fu\u02a7i\u02c8b\u0254w \u02c8klubi]), known as S\u00e3o Paulo, is a Brazilian professional football club based in the city of S\u00e3o Paulo. It has played in the Campeonato Paulista (the State of S\u00e3o Paulo's premier state league) and Campeonato Brasileiro (the top tier of the Brazilian football league system).\nSPFC is the most successful team from Brazil, with 12 international titles. It is also one of the most successful South American clubs with 21 state titles, six Brasileir\u00e3o titles, three Copa Libertadores titles, one Copa Sudamericana, one Supercopa Libertadores, one Copa CONMEBOL, one Copa Masters CONMEBOL, two Recopa Sudamericanas, two Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup.Founded in 1930, S\u00e3o Paulo was an inaugural member of the Clube dos 13 group of Brazil's leading football clubs. The club's most consistent spell of success came in the 1990s under coach Tel\u00ea Santana when it won three state titles, one national championship, two Copa Libertadores, two Recopa Sudamericanas, two Intercontinental Cups, a Supercopa Sudamericana, a Copa CONMEBOL, and a Copa Masters CONMEBOL.\nS\u00e3o Paulo is the third best-supported club in Brazil, with over 16 million supporters. The team's traditional home kit is a white shirt with two horizontal stripes (one red and one black), white shorts, and white socks. Its home ground is the 67,052-seater Morumbi football stadium in S\u00e3o Paulo, where it has played since 1960. The stadium was the venue for the Copa Libertadores finals of 1992, 1993, 1994, 2000, 2003, 2005 and 2006. S\u00e3o Paulo is the second richest Brazilian football club in terms of revenue, with an annual revenue of $111.9m (\u20ac78.2m), and the nation's second most valuable club, worth over $353.4m (\u20ac246.9m) in 2011.", "Q1649321": "Granville Henry \"Sticks\" McGhee (March 23, 1918 \u2013 August 15, 1961) was an American jump blues guitarist, singer and songwriter, best known for his blues song \"Drinkin' Wine, Spo-Dee-O-Dee\", which he wrote with J. Mayo Williams", "Q240485": "Kerry Jayne Elizabeth Katona (born 6 September 1980) is an English singer/songwriter and TV personality. She was a member of girl group Atomic Kitten from 1998 until her first departure in 2001 and again from 2012 until her second departure in 2017. The group had many high-charting hits within the UK skyrocketing Kerry Katona into national fame. Katona went on to embark on a career within TV, starring in many reality TV shows. She also was the focus of a reality TV show about her life which aired for several weeks. In 2014, Kerry Katona embarked on a solo music career.\nKatona was the winner of the third series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! in 2004, making her the first queen of the jungle, and runner-up of Celebrity Big Brother 8 in 2011. On 21 November 2012, Katona confirmed she had rejoined Atomic Kitten, replacing Jenny Frost.\n\n", "Q584850": "Luciano Bianciardi (Italian pronunciation: [lu\u02c8t\u0283a\u02d0no bjan\u02c8t\u0283ardi]; 14 December 1922 \u2013 14 November 1971) was an Italian journalist, translator and writer of short stories and novels.\nHe contributed significantly to the cultural ferment in post-war Italy, working actively with various publishing houses, magazines and newspapers. His work is characterized by periods of rebellion against the cultural establishment, to which he also belonged, and by a careful analysis of social habits during Italian economic miracle.\nHe was the first Italian translator of Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, Saul Bellow's Henderson the Rain King, John Steinbeck's The Winter of Our Discontent and Travels with Charley, Jack London's John Barleycorn, J.P. Donleavy's The Ginger Man and William Faulkner's A Fable and The Mansion.\nAmong the others, he also translated: Stephen Crane's Maggie and The Red Badge of Courage, Fred Hoyle's The Black Cloud, Osamu Dazai's The Setting Sun, Cyril Northcote Parkinson's Parkinson's Law, Mary Renault's The King Must Die, Brendan Behan's Borstal Boy, Irwin Shaw's Tip on a Dead Jockey, Aldous Huxley's Brave New World Revisited, Richard Brautigan's A Confederate General from Big Sur, Thomas Berger's Little Big Man and Killing Time.", "Q241943": "Attila Ambrus (born October 6, 1967), alias The Whiskey Robber is a Hungarian bank robber and professional ice hockey player. He became notorious during the 1990s for committing a string of undercover \"gentleman robberies\" in and around Budapest, Hungary, while working a day job as a goaltender. He became infamous in Hungary as a folk hero symbolic of the times in the decade after the introduction of capitalism to the former Communist state. Ambrus was eventually caught and imprisoned for about 12 years, released in 2012. His story was made into a book, Ballad of the Whiskey Robber (2004), by author Julian Rubinstein, which has been optioned by Johnny Depp for a possible film adaptation.", "Q354382": "John-Marguerite-\u00c9mile Lemoinne (17 October 1815 \u2013 14 December 1892) was a French journalist.", "Q391960": "Damian Howard Green (born 17 January 1956) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Ashford since 1997 and was the First Secretary of State and Minister for the Cabinet Office from 11 June 2017 to 20 December 2017. Green was born in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, South Wales and studied PPE at Balliol College, Oxford. Before entering politics, Green worked as a journalist for the BBC, Channel 4 and The Times.\nGreen entered Parliament in the 1997 election by winning the seat of Ashford in Kent. He served in several shadow ministerial positions, including Transport Secretary and Immigration Minister. Green came to national prominence in November 2008 after being arrested and having his parliamentary office raided by police, although no case was brought.He was the Minister of State for Police and Criminal Justice until 14 July 2014. He was appointed as Secretary of State for Work and Pensions by Prime Minister Theresa May in July 2016. Following the June 2017 general election, he was appointed First Secretary of State and Minister for the Cabinet Office.\nAfter the results of an inquiry into allegations that he sexually harassed a woman and viewed pornography on a work computer were published, it was found that he had breached the ministerial code and he was instructed to resign from the Cabinet.", "Q207916": "Tomorrow Never Dies is a 1997 spy film and the eighteenth in the James Bond series to be produced by Eon Productions, and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Directed by Roger Spottiswoode, with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein, the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver, a power-mad media mogul, from engineering world events to initiate World War III.\nThe film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli, and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli, to whom the film pays tribute in the end credits. Filming locations included France, Thailand, Germany, Mexico and the United Kingdom. Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office, grossing over $333 million worldwide, becoming the fourth-highest grossing film of 1997 and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews. While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor, GoldenEye, it was the only one of Pierce Brosnan's Bond films not to open at number one at the box office, as it opened the same day as Titanic, and finished at number two that week.", "Q236513": "Christina Lee Hemme (born October 28, 1980) is an American professional wrestling valet, ring announcer, singer and retired professional wrestler and model. She is best known for her time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA, now known as Impact Wrestling), as a ring announcer and one of the original Knockouts when TNA Knockouts Division was born in 2007, and as a former wrestler in WWE as a WWE Diva. She was also the winner of the 2004 WWE Diva Search, receiving $250,000 and a one-year contract with the company.", "Q270546": "Gloria Richetta Jones (born October 19, 1945) is an American singer and songwriter from Los Angeles, California, who first found success in the UK, being recognized there as \"The Queen of Northern Soul\". She recorded the 1965 hit song \"Tainted Love\", and has worked in multiple genres as a Motown songwriter and recording artist, a prolific backup singer, and as a performer in musicals such as Hair. In the 1970s, she was a keyboardist and vocalist in Marc Bolan's glam rock band T. Rex. She and Bolan were also in a committed romantic relationship and have a son together.", "Q156539": "Highlander is a 1986 fantasy action-adventure film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen. It stars Christopher Lambert, Sean Connery, Clancy Brown, and Roxanne Hart. The film chronicles the climax of an ages-old battle among immortal warriors, depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines.\nChristopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from the Scottish Highlands, known as the Highlander, one of a number of immortal warriors who can be killed only by decapitation. After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman, Ram\u00edrez (Sean Connery), MacLeod lives on for several centuries, eventually settling in New York City, managing an antiques shop. In 1985, he falls in love with a police forensic scientist named Brenda. He also finds out that he must face his greatest enemy the Kurgan (Clancy Brown), who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain \"the Prize\" \u2013 a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior: vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race.\nHighlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release, grossing over $12 million worldwide against a production budget of $19 million, and received mixed reviews. Nevertheless, it became a cult film and inspired film sequels and television spin-offs. Its tagline, \"There can be only one\", has carried on, as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen.", "Q213963": "Wilhelm Hoegner (23 September 1887 in Munich \u2013 5 March 1980 in Munich) was the second Bavarian prime minister (SPD) after World War II (1945\u201346 and 1954\u201357) and father of the Bavarian constitution. He has been the only Social Democrat to hold this office since 1920.", "Q2856406": "Tor Fuglevik (born 7 April 1950) is a Norwegian radio and television executive.While Director General for Radio at the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, Fuglevik founded the very first all-digital radio channel (DAB) in the world. The NRK Klassisk channel, broadcasting classical music 24 hours a day, was launched on 1 June 1995.Tor Fuglevik holds degrees from the Norwegian School of Journalism in Oslo and the University of Oslo.\nHe started his career as a radio news reporter for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) in 1971.\nHe was appointed Head of Information at the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police in 1976. Fuglevik has since held various positions at NRK, acting as Regional Manager, Radio Director General and Dep. Director General. From 2002 to 2006 he was Director General of Norges Televisjon (NTV), a company set up to establish a national, terrestrial TV network, and since 2006 has served as Director of the Norwegian branch of the international media conglomerate Modern Times Group.\nFrom 2004 to 2010, he was a board member of the Language Council of Norway, which is the consultative body for the Norwegian state and government on language issues.\nDuring his career, Fuglevik has also been a member of various governing bodies within the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) in Geneva.\nFuglevik has published several books about radio and broadcasting. In 2008, Tor Fuglevik received The Honorary Award of Prix Radio for his contribution to the development of Norwegian Radio.", "Q74776": "Martin of Cochem (born at Cochem on the Mosel, 13 December 1630 or 1634; died in the convent at Wagh\u00e4usel, 10 September 1712) was a German Capuchin theologian, preacher, and ascetic writer.", "Q161395": "The Party of Labour of Albania (PLA) (Albanian: Partia e Pun\u00ebs e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, PPSH), sometimes referred to as the Albanian Workers' Party (AWP), was the vanguard party of Albania during the communist period (1945\u20131991) as well as the only legal political party. It was founded on November 8, 1941, as the Communist Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Komuniste e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, PKSH), but its name was changed in 1948. In 1991, the party was succeeded by the Socialist Party of Albania. For most of its existence, the party was dominated by its First Secretary, Enver Hoxha, who was also the de facto leader of Albania.", "Q461610": "Laura Richardson (born April 14, 1962) is an American politician who was the U.S. Representative for California's 37th congressional district from 2007 to 2013. She is a member of the Democratic Party.\nShe previously represented the 55th district in the California State Assembly for the 2007 term until she was elected to the House of Representatives for California's 37th congressional district in a special election on August 21, 2007, to fill the vacancy resulting from the death of Juanita Millender-McDonald. She was reelected to represent that district in 2008 and 2010. Following the decennial reorganization of Congressional districts in 2012, most of Richardson's territory became the 44th District. She ran against fellow Democratic Congresswoman Janice Hahn in the 2012 Congressional elections cycle. On November 6, 2012, she was defeated in her bid for re-election by Representative Hahn by a landslide 20 percentage points.", "Q1324474": "The Protestant Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Cemetery (German: Der evangelische Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ged\u00e4chtnis-Friedhof) is a burial ground in the Westend district of Berlin with a size of 3.7 hectares. The cemetery is under monument and cultural heritage protection.\nThe cemetery is located on F\u00fcrstenbrunner way, adjacent to the cemetery Luisenfriedhof III and is connected by two paths.\n\n", "Q367748": "The Fall of the Roman Empire is a 1964 American epic film directed by Anthony Mann and produced by Samuel Bronston, with a screenplay by Ben Barzman, Basilio Franchina and Philip Yordan. The film stars Sophia Loren, Stephen Boyd, Alec Guinness, James Mason, Christopher Plummer, Mel Ferrer, and Omar Sharif.\nThe film was a financial failure at the box-office. Critics criticized the script as void of emotion and humanity and the directing as misguided, but showed some praise for the large spectacles. It features the largest outdoor film set in the history of film, a 92,000 m2 replica of the Roman Forum.\nThe film's name refers not to the final fall of the Roman empire, which did in fact survive for centuries after the period depicted in the film, but rather to the onset of corruption and decadence which led to Rome's final demise. It deals extensively with the problem of imperial succession, and examines both the relationship between father and son on the background of imperial politics as well as the nature and limits of loyalty and friendship.\nThe film's plot is only loosely based on actual historical events. However, in the long-established view of Roman history, Marcus Aurelius is considered as the last of the Five Good Emperors whose time is considered the best of Roman imperial history. Commodus is generally considered to have fallen far below the standard set by his father and the four earlier Emperors, and his reign is considered as the beginning of the decline \u2013 though that would still take several centuries.", "Q73019": "Maximilian Bayer (11 May 1872 in Karlsruhe \u2013 25 October 1917 in Nomeny) was the founder of Scouting in Germany, along with Alexander Lion. During World War I, he built the 27th Royal Prussian J\u00e4ger Battalion, later the core of the Finnish army.\n\n", "Q704742": "Kirk Jones (born November 3, 1973), better known by his stage name Sticky Fingaz, is an American hardcore rapper, record producer, actor, film director, film editor and writer, best known as a member of multi-platinum hardcore rap group Onyx.\nSticky Fingaz was discovered by Jam Master Jay of Run-D.M.C., who signed Onyx on his label JMJ Records provided that Sticky will be in the group. His signature lazy eye, raspy voice, and boundless energy brought attention to the group, and he became the front man. \nOnyx went on to release three top-selling albums before Sticky Fingaz began his solo career.\nSticky Fingaz starred in more than 80 films and television shows. In 1993, he made his acting debut in Forest Whitaker's award-winning HBO drama Strapped. His feature film credits include Spike Lee's Clockers, In Too Deep, Lockdown, Doing Hard Time and Breaking Point, but is best known for his role as \"Tyrone\" in Next Friday. He made his television debut in New York Undercover and Nash Bridges, but is best known for his role as Blade in the TV series Blade.\nSticky Fingaz wrote, produced, directed and starred in two feature films done entirely in the genre of \"hip hopera\" through his production company Major Independents: A Day in the Life and Caught On Tape. Both films were released by Lionsgate Home Entertainment. In 2019, Fingaz released a movie It's About T.I.M.E., which features the format in which it was released \u2013 \"Digital Album Movie\", created by the rapper.", "Q224117": "30 Days of Night is a 2007 American horror film based on the comic book miniseries of the same name. The film is directed by David Slade and stars Josh Hartnett and Melissa George. The story focuses on an Alaskan town beset by vampires as it enters into a thirty-day long polar night.\n30 Days of Night was originally pitched as a comic, then as a film, but it was rejected. Years later, Steve Niles showed IDW Publishing the idea and it took off. The film was produced on a budget of $30 million and grossed over $75 million at the box office during its six-week run starting on October 19, 2007. Critical reviews were mixed.\nA sequel, Dark Days, was released on October 5, 2010 straight to home video. A prequel miniseries, Blood Trails, was released on FEARnet.com and FEARnet On Demand in 2007.", "Q670969": "In music performances, rhythm guitar is a technique and role that performs a combination of two functions: to provide all or part of the rhythmic pulse in conjunction with other instruments from the rhythm section (e.g., drumkit, bass guitar); and to provide all or part of the harmony, i.e. the chords from a song's chord progression, where a chord is a group of notes played together. Therefore, the basic technique of rhythm guitar is to hold down a series of chords with the fretting hand while strumming or fingerpicking rhythmically with the other hand. More developed rhythm techniques include arpeggios, damping, riffs, chord solos, and complex strums.\nIn ensembles or bands playing within the acoustic, country, blues, rock or metal genres (among others), a guitarist playing the rhythm part of a composition plays the role of supporting the melodic lines and improvised solos played on the lead instrument or instruments, be they strings, wind, brass, keyboard or even percussion instruments, or simply the human voice, in the sense of playing steadily throughout the piece, whereas lead instruments and singers switch between carrying the main or countermelody and falling silent. In big band music, the guitarist is considered part of the rhythm section, alongside bass and drums.\nIn some musical situations, such as a solo singer-guitarist, the guitar accompaniment provides all the rhythmic drive; in large ensembles it may be only a small part (perhaps one element in a polyrhythm). Likewise, rhythm guitar can supply all of the harmonic input to a singer-guitarist or small band, but in ensembles that have other harmony instruments (such as keyboards) or vocal harmonists, its harmonic input will be less important.\nIn the most commercially available and consumed genres, electric guitars tend to dominate their acoustic cousins in both the recording studio and live venues. However the acoustic guitar remains a popular choice in country, western and especially bluegrass music, and almost exclusively in folk music.", "Q1557819": "Gwin Stanley Foster (December 25, 1903 \u2013 November 25, 1954), also known as Gwen or Gwyn, was an old-time/country harmonica and guitar player who was known for work in The Carolina Tar Heels and the Blue Ridge Mountain Entertainers.He was born in Caldwell, North Carolina, and died in Gastonia, North Carolina, the son of Joe Foster and Myra Elizabeth (nee Day). He worked in the textile mills, where he met banjoist Coble \"Dock\" Walsh, and they formed the band.", "Q1018453": "Byambasuren Sharav (Mongolian: \u0411\u044f\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0441\u04af\u0440\u044d\u043d\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0428\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0432, Byambas\u00fcrengiin Sharav) (13 November 1952 \u2013 15 July 2019) was a Mongolian composer and pianist.", "Q984215": "Alfred Blalock (April 5, 1899 \u2013 September 15, 1964) was an American surgeon most noted for his work on the medical condition of shock as well as Tetralogy of Fallot\u2014 commonly known as Blue baby syndrome. He created, with assistance from his research and laboratory assistant Vivien Thomas and pediatric cardiologist Helen Taussig, the Blalock-Thomas-Taussig Shunt, a surgical procedure to relieve the cyanosis from Tetralogy of Fallot. This operation ushered in the modern era of cardiac surgery. He worked at both Vanderbilt University and the Johns Hopkins University, where he studied both as an undergraduate and worked as chief of surgery. He is known as a medical pioneer who won various awards, including Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award. Blalock was also nominated several times for the prestigious Nobel Prize in Medicine.", "Q449822": "Linda Shaye (born October 12, 1943) is an American theater, film, and television actress and comedienne In a career spanning over forty years, she has appeared in over ninety feature films and is regarded as a scream queen due to her roles in various horror franchises or films including A Nightmare on Elm Street, Critters, Insidious, Dead End, 2001 Maniacs and its sequel 2001 Maniacs: Field of Screams, Alone in the Dark, Amityville: A New Generation, Tales of Halloween, Abattoir, Ouija, and its prequel Ouija: Origin of Evil. Shaye is also known for her comedic roles in many films by the Farrelly brothers, including Dumb and Dumber, Kingpin, and There's Something About Mary.", "Q1345920": "Song of the South is a 1946 American live-action/animated musical film produced by Walt Disney and released by RKO Radio Pictures. It is based on the collection of Uncle Remus stories as adapted by Joel Chandler Harris, and stars James Baskett as Uncle Remus. The film takes place in the southern United States during the Reconstruction era, a period of American history after the end of the American Civil War and the abolition of slavery. The story follows seven-year-old Johnny (Bobby Driscoll) who is visiting his grandmother's plantation for an extended stay. Johnny befriends Uncle Remus, one of the workers on the plantation, and takes joy in hearing his tales about the adventures of Br'er Rabbit, Br'er Fox, and Br'er Bear. Johnny learns from the stories how to cope with the challenges he is experiencing while living on the plantation.\nWalt Disney had wanted to produce a film based on the Uncle Remus stories for some time. It was not until 1939 that he began negotiating with the Harris family for the film rights, and finally in 1944, filming for Song of the South began. The studio constructed a plantation set for the outdoor scenes in Phoenix, Arizona, and some other scenes were filmed in Hollywood. The film is predominantly live action, but includes three animated segments, which were later released as stand-alone television features. Some scenes also feature a combination of live action with animation. Song of the South premiered in Atlanta in November 1946 and the remainder of its initial theater run was a financial success. The song \"Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah\" won the 1947 Academy Award for Best Original Song and Baskett received an Academy Honorary Award for his performance as Uncle Remus.\nSince its original release, Song of the South has remained a subject of controversy. Some critics have described the film's portrayal of African Americans as racist and offensive, maintaining that the black vernacular and other qualities are stereotypes. In addition, the plantation setting is sometimes criticized as idyllic and glorified. Because of this controversy, Disney has not released Song of the South on any home video format in the United States. Some of the musical and animated sequences have been released through other means, and the full film has seen home video distribution in other countries. The cartoon characters from the film have continued to appear in a variety of books, comics, and other media. The Disney theme park ride Splash Mountain is based on the film.", "Q62672": "Freya von Moltke (n\u00e9e Deichmann; 29 March 1911 \u2013 1 January 2010) was a participant in the anti-Nazi opposition group, the Kreisau Circle, with her husband, Helmuth James von Moltke. During World War II, her husband acted to subvert German human-rights abuses of people in territories occupied by Germany and became a founding member of the Kreisau Circle, whose members opposed the government of Adolf Hitler.\nThe Nazi government executed her husband for treason, he having discussed with the Kreisau Circle group the prospects for a Germany based on moral and democratic principles that could develop after Hitler. Moltke preserved her husband's letters that detailed his activities during the war, and she chronicled events of that period from her perspective. She supported the founding of a center for international understanding at the former Moltke estate in Krzy\u017cowa, \u015awidnica County, Poland (formerly Kreisau, Germany).", "Q23148": "Cornwall (; Cornish: Kernow [\u02c8k\u025brn\u0254\u028a]) is a ceremonial county in South West England, bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by Devon, the River Tamar forming the border between them. Cornwall is the westernmost part of the South West Peninsula of the island of Great Britain. The southwesternmost point is Land's End and the southernmost Lizard Point. Cornwall has a population of 568,210 and an area of 3,563 km2 (1,376 sq mi). The county has been administered since 2009 by the unitary authority, Cornwall Council. The ceremonial county of Cornwall also includes the Isles of Scilly, which are administered separately. The administrative centre of Cornwall is Truro, its only city.\nCornwall is the homeland of the Cornish people and the cultural and ethnic origin of the Cornish diaspora. It retains a distinct cultural identity that reflects its history, and is recognised as one of the Celtic nations. It was formerly a Brythonic kingdom and subsequently a royal duchy. The Cornish nationalist movement contests the present constitutional status of Cornwall and seeks greater autonomy within the United Kingdom in the form of a devolved legislative Cornish Assembly with powers similar to those in Wales and Scotland. In 2014, Cornish people were granted minority status under the European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, giving them recognition as a distinct ethnic group.Few Roman remains have been found in Cornwall, and there is little evidence that the Romans settled or had much military presence there. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, Cornwall (along with Devon, parts of Dorset and Somerset, and the Scilly Isles) was a part of the Brittonic kingdom of Dumnonia, ruled by chieftains of the Cornovii who may have included figures regarded as semi-historical or legendary, such as King Mark of Cornwall and King Arthur, evidenced by folklore traditions derived from the Historia Regum Britanniae. The Cornovii division of the Dumnonii tribe were separated from their fellow Brythons of Wales after the Battle of Deorham in 577 AD, and often came into conflict with the expanding English kingdom of Wessex. The regions of Dumnonia outside of Cornwall (and Dartmoor) had been annexed by the English by 838 AD. King Athelstan in 936 AD set the boundary between the English and Cornish at the high water mark of the eastern bank of the River Tamar. From the Early Middle Ages, language and culture were shared by Brythons trading across both sides of the Channel, resulting in the corresponding high medieval Breton kingdoms of Domnon\u00e9e and Cornouaille and the Celtic Christianity common to both areas.\nTin mining was important in the Cornish economy from the High Middle Ages, and expanded greatly in the 19th century when rich copper mines were also in production. In the mid-19th century, tin and copper mines entered a period of decline and china clay extraction became more important. Mining had virtually ended by the 1990s. Fishing and agriculture were the other important sectors of the economy, but railways led to a growth of tourism in the 20th century after the decline of the mining and fishing industries.Cornwall is noted for its geology and coastal scenery. A large part of the Cornubian batholith is within Cornwall. The north coast has many cliffs where exposed geological formations are studied. The area is noted for its wild moorland landscapes, its long and varied coastline, its attractive villages, its many place-names derived from the Cornish language, and its very mild climate. Extensive stretches of Cornwall's coastline, and Bodmin Moor, are protected as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.", "Q275358": "Britt-Marie Elisabeth G\u00f6ranzon Malmsj\u00f6 (born 27 October 1942) is a Swedish actress. \nMarie G\u00f6ranzon is since 1967 part of Sweden's Royal Dramatic Theatre-ensemble. She trained at Dramatens elevskola 1964-67.", "Q1634484": "Hugh Moffatt (born November 3, 1948) is an American country singer and songwriter. In the 1970s and 1980s several artists made hits out of his songs. He has also released critically acclaimed albums of his own.", "Q982664": "Jorge Antonio Ch\u00e1vez Dartnell (January 13, 1887 \u2013 September 27, 1910), also known as G\u00e9o Ch\u00e1vez, was a Peruvian aviator. At a young age, he achieved fame for his aeronautical feats. He died in 1910 after a heavy wind broke the wings of his fragile airplane Bleriot XI, falling from a twenty meter height upon landing, after achieving the first air crossing of the Alps.", "Q185007": "Rita Levi-Montalcini (US: , Italian: [\u02c8ri\u02d0ta \u02c8l\u025b\u02d0vi montal\u02c8t\u0283i\u02d0ni]; 22 April 1909 \u2013 30 December 2012) was an Italian Nobel laureate, honored for her work in neurobiology. She was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with colleague Stanley Cohen for the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF). From 2001 until her death, she also served in the Italian Senate as a Senator for Life. This honor was given due to her significant scientific contributions.\nOn 22 April 2009, she became the first Nobel laureate ever to reach the age of 100, and the event was feted with a party at Rome's City Hall. At the time of her death, she was the oldest living Nobel laureate.", "Q32045": "Liam Hemsworth (born 13 January 1990) is an Australian actor. He played the roles of Josh Taylor in the soap opera Neighbours and Marcus in the children's television series The Elephant Princess. In American films, Hemsworth starred as Will Blakelee in The Last Song (2010), as Gale Hawthorne in The Hunger Games film series (2012\u20132015), and as Jake Morrison in Independence Day: Resurgence (2016).\nHemsworth's older brothers, Luke and Chris, are also actors.", "Q52969": "Fredrik Wilhelm von Otter (11 April 1833 \u2013 9 March 1910) was a Swedish friherre, naval officer and politician, most notably serving as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1900 to 1902.Otter was born on the Fimmersta estate (T\u00f6reboda Municipality) in V\u00e4sterg\u00f6tland and belonged to a wealthy and aristocratic family. He entered the Royal Swedish Navy as second lieutenant at the age of 17, but remained without promotion for a long time. Meanwhile, he served in the British Royal Navy from 1857 to 1861, participating in campaigns against pirates in the South China Sea, and took part in one of Adolf Erik Nordenski\u00f6ld's North Pole expeditions in 1868, as commander of the expedition ship Sofia. He was promoted to commander and made aide-de-camp of Crown Prince Oscar, the Duke of \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland, in 1872 and remained so after the prince's accession to the throne as Oscar II in 1873.\nIn 1874 he was promoted to captain (kommend\u00f6r) and appointed Ministry for Naval Affairs in the cabinet, succeeding Major General Baron Abraham Leijonhufvud. He remained in this position until the resignation of the De Geer cabinet in 1880, after which he was appointed director of the naval shipyard in Karlskrona. He was made a Commodore in 1884, a vice admiral in 1892 and admiral in 1900. He also represented Blekinge County in the parliamentary First Chamber 1891\u20131899, and Karlskrona in the Second Chamber 1900\u20131902.\nAfter the resignation of Erik Gustaf Bostr\u00f6m in 1900, Otter was offered the premiership by the king and formed a cabinet which would remain in office for two years. As Prime Minister he was responsible for carrying through the remodelling of the military system and the final abolition of the allotment system introduced by Charles XI more than 200 years earlier. In connection with the new military organization, a progressive taxation system was introduced. After the end of that parliamentary session in July 1902, Otter resigned and was succeeded by his predecessor Bostr\u00f6m. The main reason for his resignation was the failure in the Riksdag of a proposed bill on voting rights. He spent his remaining years managing his estate at Trantorp outside Karlskrona.", "Q1975943": "Muhammad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (4 March 1910 \u2013 25 November 1988) (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e) was a member of the House of Saud.\nBriefly Crown Prince from 1964 to 1965, he was among the wealthiest and most powerful members of the Saudi royal family. His advice was sought and deferred to in all matters by his brothers. Until his death in 1988, he was a close and powerful confidant and senior adviser to his younger full brother, King Khalid (r. 1975\u20131982), and his younger half-brother, King Fahd (r. 1982\u20132005).", "Q733850": "Allen Stuart Drury (September 2, 1918 \u2013 September 2, 1998) was an American novelist. He wrote the 1959 novel Advise and Consent, for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1960.", "Q1048502": "Dmitrii Ivanovich Zhuravskii (1821\u20131891) was a Russian engineer who was one of the pioneers of bridge construction and structural mechanics in Russia.\nZhuravskii attended the Nezhin lyc\u00e9e and entered the St. Petersburg Institute of the Corps of Railroad Engineers where he was influenced by the academician Mikhail Ostrogradsky. He graduated from the institute as first in his class in 1842.In the beginning of his career he took part in the surveying and planning of the Moscow \u2013 Saint Petersburg Railway. In 1857-58 he led the reconstruction of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in Saint Petersburg. In 1871\u201376 he took part in the reconstruction of the Mariinsky Canal SystemHe was awarded the prestigious Demidov Prize in 1855 by the Russian Academy of Sciences.\nThe Zhuravskii Shear Stress formula is named after him (derived it in 1855):\n\n \n \n \n \u03c4\n =\n \n \n \n V\n Q\n \n \n I\n t\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\tau ={VQ \\over It},}\n where\n\nV = total shear force at the location in question;\nQ = statical moment of area;\nt = thickness in the material perpendicular to the shear;\nI = Moment of Inertia of the entire cross sectional area.", "Q318822": "Alter Friedhof (Old Cemetery) is a historically significant cemetery in Bonn, Germany, 1.2 hectares (3 acres) in area, located near the center of the modern city.The cemetery was established in 1715 as a cemetery for soldiers and strangers, outside the city walls of the time. It remained in regular use until the new North cemetery opened in 1884, after which burials gradually ceased. It is an area of greenery in the middle of the modern city.", "Q236275": "Shantel VanSanten (born July 25, 1985) is an American model and actress. As a model, she has been featured in the magazines Teen Vogue and Seventeen. On television, she played the role of Quinn James in the CW teen drama series One Tree Hill, recurred as Detective Patty Spivot in the CW show The Flash, and stars as Julie Swagger the wife of lead character Bob Lee Swagger on the USA Network series Shooter. On film, she has appeared in The Final Destination, You and I, and Something Wicked.", "Q332761": "Otello Profazio (born 26 December 1936) is an Italian cantastorie, folk singer-songwriter and author.\n\n", "Q29303": "Canterbury ( (listen), ) is a historic English cathedral city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, situated in the heart of the City of Canterbury, a local government district of Kent, England. It lies on the River Stour.\nThe Archbishop of Canterbury is the primate of the Church of England and the worldwide Anglican Communion owing to the importance of St Augustine, who served as the apostle to the pagan Kingdom of Kent around the turn of the 7th century. The city's cathedral became a major focus of pilgrimage following the 1170 martyrdom of Thomas Becket, although it had already been a well-trodden pilgrim destination since the murder of St Alphege by the men of King Canute in 1012. A journey of pilgrims to Becket's shrine served as the frame for Geoffrey Chaucer's 14th century classic The Canterbury Tales.\nCanterbury is a popular tourist destination: consistently one of the most-visited cities in the United Kingdom, the city's economy is heavily reliant upon tourism. The city has been occupied since Paleolithic times and served as the capital of the Celtic Cantiaci and Jute Kingdom of Kent. Many historical structures fill the area, including a city wall founded in Roman times and rebuilt in the 14th century, the ruins of St Augustine's Abbey and a Norman castle, and the oldest extant school in the world, the King's School. Modern additions include the Marlowe Theatre and the St Lawrence Ground, home of the Kent County Cricket Club. There is also a substantial student population, brought about by the presence of the University of Kent, Canterbury Christ Church University, the University for the Creative Arts, and the Girne American University Canterbury campus. Canterbury remains, however, a small city in terms of geographical size and population, when compared with other British cities.\n\n", "Q68439": "Gottfried Wagner (born 13 April 1947 in Bayreuth) is a multimedia director and publicist.\nGottfried Wagner is the son of Wolfgang Wagner and a great-grandchild of Richard Wagner. His PhD is about Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht. He has concentrated on German culture and politics, as well as Jewish history of the 19th and 20th centuries in numerous publications. He is a member of the PEN-Club Liechtenstein and in 1992 was a co-founder of the Post-Holocaust Discussion Group.He has been living in Italy since 1983, and has estranged himself from his father's family, openly criticising their involvement with the Nazi regime. His book Twilight of the Wagners: The Unveiling of a Family's Legacy, an autobiography, queried the extent to which his father had extricated himself from the families close connection to National Socialism, while he has also been critical of many aspects of the Bayreuth Festival. The British film director Tony Palmer has made a two-hour documentary film about the Wagner family in which Gottfried plays a key role.", "Q145545": "\u0130hsan Sara\u00e7lar (June 6, 1928 \u2013 January 5, 2008) was a Turkish lawyer and politician. He was born in Samsun.\nFrom 1991 to 1995 he served as the vice-chairman of the True Path Party. After studying law at the Istanbul University, he became an independent lawyer. He joined the Right Path Party and was a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. He was a long-time vice president of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. On December 30, 2007 he suffered a stroke, and died a week later in Ankara. He was married and had three children.", "Q322572": "Autumn Sonata (Swedish: H\u00f6stsonaten, German: Herbstsonate) is a 1978 Swedish-German psychological drama film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman, and starring Ingrid Bergman (in her final film role), Liv Ullmann and Lena Nyman. Its plot follows a celebrated classical pianist and her neglected daughter who meet for the first time in years, and chronicles their painful discussions of how they have hurt one another.\nAutumn Sonata was the last of Bergman's films to be made for theatrical exhibition; all of his films made after it, even those screened in theatres, were television productions.", "Q57811": "Raja Pervaiz Ashraf (Urdu: \u0631\u0627\u062c\u06c1 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0641\u200e; born 26 December 1950) is a Pakistani businessman, farmer, and politician who served as 19th prime minister of Pakistan from 22 June 2012 until completing his designated term on 16 March 2013. He is a Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from NA-58 (Rawalpindi-II). He currently resides in Sanghar House, Gujar Khan.\nPrior to be elevated as Prime minister, he previously served as the Minister for Water and Power in the Yousaf Raza Gillani-led government from March 2008 to February 2011. A senior-ranking leader in the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) from Rawalpindi District, Ashraf assumed premiership on 22 June 2012 after Yousaf Raza Gillani was disqualified over contempt of court charges. Shortlisted by the PPP as a candidate for the post, he was eventually elected based on a 211\u201389 vote in the National Assembly. Tackling the corruption scandals, one of the major achievements during his premiership was his interest to develop and implement hydro projects in particular Neelum-Jhelum project of 970 MW.\nThe project had received a big jolt when the Chinese Exim Bank refused to release $448 million loan linking it to the restoration of the Safe City Project in Islamabad which has been stopped by the Supreme Court of Pakistan. During his tenure Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) had launched a number of mega and medium-sized projects in Gilgit\u2013Baltistan.", "Q69727": "Wilhelm B\u00f6lsche (2 January 1861, Cologne, Rhenish Prussia, 31 August 1939, Schreiberhau, Riesengebirge) was a German author, editor and publicist.", "Q71168": "August W\u00f6hler (22 June 1819 \u2013 21 March 1914) was a German railway engineer, best remembered for his systematic investigations of metal fatigue.", "Q2906225": "Blast First is a sub label of one-time independent record label Mute Records, founded in approximately 1985. It was named after a phrase taken from the first number of the radical Vorticist journal Blast, published by Wyndham Lewis in 1914. Lewis's \"Manifesto\" begins with the words \"BLAST First (from politeness) ENGLAND\".", "Q1544865": "Greg Abate (born May 31, 1947) is a jazz saxophonist, flautist, composer, and arranger. He grew up in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. In the fifth grade he began to play clarinet.", "Q912": "Mali ( (listen); French pronunciation: \u200b[mali]), officially the Republic of Mali (French: R\u00e9publique du Mali; Bambara: Mali ka Fasojamana; N'Ko script: \u07e1\u07ca\u07df\u07cc \u07de\u07ca \u07dd\u07ca\u07db\u07cf\u07d6\u07ca\u07e1\u07ca\u07e3\u07ca ) is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over 1,240,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi). The population of Mali is 19.1 million. 67% of its population was estimated to be under the age of 25 in 2017. Its capital is Bamako. The sovereign state of Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and mining. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent, and salt.Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire (for which Ghana is named), the Mali Empire (for which Mali is named), and the Songhai Empire. During its golden age, there was a flourishing of mathematics, astronomy, literature, and art. At its peak in 1300, the Mali Empire covered an area about twice the size of modern-day France and stretched to the west coast of Africa. In the late 19th century, during the Scramble for Africa, France seized control of Mali, making it a part of French Sudan. French Sudan (then known as the Sudanese Republic) joined with Senegal in 1959, achieving independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. Shortly thereafter, following Senegal's withdrawal from the federation, the Sudanese Republic declared itself the independent Republic of Mali. After a long period of one-party rule, a coup in 1991 led to the writing of a new constitution and the establishment of Mali as a democratic, multi-party state.\nIn January 2012, an armed conflict broke out in northern Mali, in which Tuareg rebels took control of a territory in the north, and in April declared the secession of a new state, Azawad. The conflict was complicated by a military coup that took place in March and later fighting between Tuareg and other rebel factions. In response to territorial gains, the French military launched Op\u00e9ration Serval in January 2013. A month later, Malian and French forces recaptured most of the north. Presidential elections were held on 28 July 2013, with a second-round run-off held on 11 August, and legislative elections were held on 24 November and 15 December 2013.", "Q154448": "Victor Vasarely (French: [vikt\u0254\u0281 vaza\u0281\u0259li]; born Gy\u0151z\u0151 V\u00e1s\u00e1rhelyi, Hungarian: [\u02c8va\u02d0\u0283a\u02d0rh\u025bji \u02c8\u025f\u00f8\u02d0z\u00f8\u02d0]; ( 1906-04-09)9 April 1906 \u2013 ( 1997-03-15)15 March 1997), was a Hungarian-French artist, who is widely accepted as a \"grandfather\" and leader of the op art movement.\nHis work entitled Zebra, created in the 1930s, is considered by some to be one of the earliest examples of op art.", "Q11688": "Leah H. Jamieson (born August 27, 1949, in Trenton, NJ, USA) is an American engineering educator, currently the Ransburg Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University. From 2006-2017, she served as the John A. Edwardson Dean of Engineering at Purdue. She is a member of the US National Academy of Engineering and served as the 2007 President and CEO of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).\nJamieson was a founder of the Engineering Projects in Community Service program (EPICS), a multi-university engineering design program that operates in a service-learning context. She is a recipient of the Gordon Prize.", "Q29317": "Bagan (Burmese: \u1015\u102f\u1002\u1036; MLCTS: pu.gam, IPA: [b\u0259\u0261\u00e0\u0270\u0303]; formerly Pagan) is an ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar. From the 9th to 13th centuries, the city was the capital of the Pagan Kingdom, the first kingdom that unified the regions that would later constitute modern Myanmar. During the kingdom's height between the 11th and 13th centuries, 4,446 Buddhist temples, pagodas and monasteries were constructed in the Bagan plains alone, of which the remains of 3822 temples and pagodas still survive to the present day.\nThe Bagan Archaeological Zone is a main attraction for the country's nascent tourism industry.", "Q433142": "Connor Paolo (born July 11, 1990) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Eric van der Woodsen on The CW's teen drama series Gossip Girl and Declan Porter on the ABC drama series Revenge. He has also appeared in two Oliver Stone films, Alexander (2004) and World Trade Center (2006).", "Q113717": "Karl Theodor Vahlen (30 June 1869 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary \u2013 16 November 1945 in Prague, Czechoslovakia) was an Austrian-born mathematician who was an ardent supporter of the Nazi Party. He was a member of both the SA and SS.", "Q229341": "Christina Judith Perri (born August 19, 1986) is an American singer and songwriter from Bucks County, Pennsylvania. After her debut single \"Jar of Hearts\" was featured on the television series So You Think You Can Dance in 2010, Perri signed with Atlantic Records and released her debut extended play, The Ocean Way Sessions. Her debut studio album, Lovestrong (2011), followed soon after and has since been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).Perri also gained recognition for writing and recording \"A Thousand Years\", the love theme for the film The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn \u2013 Part 2 (2012), which appears on the accompanying soundtrack. The song went on to sell over 4 million copies in the United States, being certified 4\u00d7 platinum. She later released her second extended play, A Very Merry Perri Christmas (2012), followed by her second studio album, Head or Heart (2014).", "Q70262": "La T\u00e8ne (French pronunciation: \u200b[la t\u025bn]) is a municipality in the district of Neuch\u00e2tel (German: Neuenburg), in the Swiss canton of Neuch\u00e2tel. \nOn 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Marin-Epagnier and Thielle-Wavre merged to form the new municipality of La T\u00e8ne.The La T\u00e8ne toponym was originally applied to the lakeside area near Epagnier, notable as the eponymous site of the Iron Age archaeological La T\u00e8ne culture.", "Q507595": "Nicola \"Nichi\" Vendola (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8ni\u02d0ki \u02c8v\u025bndola]; born 26 August 1958) is an Italian left-wing politician and LGBT activist who was a Member of the Chamber of Deputies from Apulia from 1992 to 2005 and President of Apulia from 2005 to 2015. He is one of the first openly LGBT Italian politicians and the first openly LGBT heads of a regional government in Italy.", "Q191066": "The 15th arrondissement of Paris (XVe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as quinzi\u00e8me.\nThe arrondissement, called Vaugirard, is situated on the left bank of the River Seine. Sharing the Montparnasse district with the 6th and 14th arrondissements, it is the city's most populous arrondissement. The Tour Montparnasse \u2013 the tallest skyscraper in Paris \u2013 and the neighbouring Gare Montparnasse are both located in the 15th arrondissement, at its border with the 14th. It is also home to the convention center Paris expo Porte de Versailles and the high-rise district of the Front de Seine (or Beaugrenelle). In 2020, the 180 meters high Tour Triangle will house a 120-room hotel and 70,000 square metres of office space.", "Q1494852": "Gary G. Gensler (born October 18, 1957) served as the 11th chairman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission under President Barack Obama from May 26, 2009, to January 3, 2014. Gensler was the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance (1999-2001), and the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Markets (1997-1999). Prior to his public service career, Gensler worked at Goldman Sachs, where his last position was that of Co-head of Finance. He was the chief financial officer for Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign.While serving as chairman of the CFTC, Gensler led the transformation of the $400 trillion over-the-counter derivatives, or swaps, market which failed, while reorganizing the watchdog efforts of the 700-person agency. Gensler led the effort to pass and implement comprehensive oversight of the swaps market, which was at the center of the 2008 financial crisis.\n\n", "Q279576": "John Livingston Eaton (born May 29, 1934 in Washington, D.C.) is a musician, historian, educator and interpreter of jazz and American popular music. He graduated from Yale University, where he was a member of literary society St. Anthony Hall. Named to the Steinway Concert Artist roster in 1988, Eaton has performed as headliner in the East Room of the White House, and both as soloist and with artists as Zoot Sims, Benny Carter, Clark Terry, and Wild Bill Davison. He has been a featured player at the Kool Jazz Festival and the Smithsonian Institution Performing Arts Jazz series, broadcast nationally on National Public Radio and Radio Smithsonian. He graduated from Yale University in 1956.\nCharacterized by Nat Hentoff as \"the complete pianist... the master of just about the whole spectrum of jazz music\", John Eaton is profiled in Leonard Feather and Ira Gitler's Encyclopedia of Jazz, and has been reviewed by prominent music critics.Eaton is known for a CD series project \"John Eaton Presents the American Popular Song\" in cooperation with the Wolf Trap Foundation for the Performing Arts, the operational partner of the Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts, comprising thirteen separate, recorded broadcast programs in concert and conversation with jazz bassist Jay Leonhart. Each program focuses on major artists, composers or collaborators in American music, including Richard Rodgers, Harold Arlen, George Gershwin, Jerome Kern, Cole Porter, Julie Styne, Irving Berlin, Kurt Weill and Vernon Duke, and Hoagy Carmichael and Fats Waller, Duke Ellington, Harry Warren, Jimmy Van Heusen, Frank Loesser, The Beatles, and Bob Dylan.", "Q906": "Chelyabinsk (Russian: \u0427\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0301\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a, IPA: [t\u0255\u026a\u02c8l\u02b2\u00e6b\u02b2\u026ansk] (listen)) is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast, 210 kilometers (130 mi) south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, and on the Miass River, part of the border between Europe and Asia.", "Q1900310": "Mark Naftalin (born August 2, 1944) is an American blues keyboardist, recording artist, composer, and record producer. He appears on the first five albums by Paul Butterfield Blues Band in the mid 1960s as a band member, and as such was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2015. He later worked onstage with the late fellow Butterfield Band member Mike Bloomfield and has been active from his home in Marin County in the San Francisco Bay Area as a festival and radio producer for several decades.", "Q1141526": "A stripper or exotic dancer is a person whose occupation involves performing striptease in a public adult entertainment venue such as a strip club. At times, a stripper may be hired to perform at a bachelor party or other private event.\nModern Americanized forms of stripping minimize interaction by strippers with customers, reducing the importance of tease in the performance in favor of speed to undress (strip). Not every stripper will end a performance completely nude, though full nudity is common where not prohibited by law. The integration of the burlesque pole as a nearly ubiquitous prop has shifted the emphasis in the performance toward a more acrobatic, explicit expression compared to the slow-developing burlesque style. Most strippers work in strip clubs. A \"house dancer\" works for a particular club or franchise, while a \"feature dancer\" tends to have her own celebrity, touring a club circuit making appearances. Entertainers (dancers) are often not actual employees of the club itself but perform as independent contractors.\nUntil the 1970s, strippers in Western cultures were almost invariably female, performing to male audiences. Since then, male strippers have also become common, but strippers are still overwhelmingly female. Certain male and female strippers also perform for LGBT audiences as well as for both sexes in bisexual contexts. Before the 1970s, dancers of both sexes appeared largely in underground clubs or as part of a theatre experience, but the practice eventually became common enough on its own. Performances are usually fully choreographed, involve dance routines and a costume of some sort. The term \"male stripper\" has gone down in use in books in the 21st century.", "Q95588": "Gerhard Herm (born 26 April 1931 in Crailsheim, W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, died 09 March 2014 in Ottobrunn) was a German journalist and writer.\nHe studied at the Werner Friedmann Institute and received a grant from the Fulbright Program to study in the USA. In connection with his studies, Herm was given a position as a journalist at Tagesschau television. Later he switched to WDR and published his first book in 1964. During his time in television, he participated in the production of forty documentary programmes. In addition to his work in television, radio plays, and features he has written a number of works of fiction and non-fiction.", "Q183462": "Roy Zimmerman (born October 7, 1957) is an American satirical singer-songwriter and guitarist now based in Northern California. He has a leftist political philosophy which is focused on social issues and politics.", "Q420880": "They Might Be Giants (often abbreviated as TMBG) is an American alternative rock band formed in 1982 by John Flansburgh and John Linnell. During TMBG's early years, Flansburgh and Linnell frequently performed as a duo, often accompanied by a drum machine. In the early 1990s, TMBG expanded to include a backing band. The duo's current backing band consists of Marty Beller, Dan Miller, and Danny Weinkauf. The group is known for their uniquely experimental and absurdist style of alternative music, typically utilising surreal, humorous lyrics and unconventional instruments in their songs. Over their career, they have found success on the modern rock and college radio charts. They have also found success in children's music, and in theme music for several television programs and films.\nTMBG have released 22 studio albums. Flood has been certified platinum and their children's music albums Here Come the ABCs, Here Come the 123s, and Here Comes Science have all been certified gold. The band has won two Grammy Awards. They were nominated for a Tony Award for Best Original Score (Music and/or Lyrics) Written for the Theatre for SpongeBob SquarePants: The Broadway Musical. The band has sold over 4 million records.", "Q157155": "Joseph Ernest Renan (French: [\u0281\u0259n\u0251\u0303]; 27 February 1823 \u2013 2 October 1892) was a French expert of Semitic languages and civilizations (philology), philosopher, biblical scholar and critic, and historian of religion. He is best known for his influential and pioneering historical works on the origins of early Christianity, and his political theories, especially concerning nationalism and national identity. Renan is credited as being among the first scholars to advance the now-discredited Khazar theory, which held that Ashkenazi Jews were descendants of the Khazars, Turkic peoples who had adopted Jewish religion and migrated to Western Europe following the collapse of their khanate.", "Q797894": "Babygrande Records is an independent record label based in New York City founded by Chuck Wilson. Babygrande is distributed by The Orchard and represented by the Creative Artists Agency in Hollywood.", "Q62666": "Eugen Anton Bolz (15 December 1881 \u2013 23 January 1945) was a German politician and a member of the resistance to the Nazi r\u00e9gime.\n\n", "Q15527957": "Fiscaglia (Ferrarese: Fisc\u00e0ja) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Ferrara. It was founded on 1 January 2014 from the former municipalities of Massa Fiscaglia, Migliarino and Migliaro.\n\n", "Q86292": "Hartmut Abendschein (Schw\u00e4bisch Hall, 7 October 1969) is a German-Swiss writer.", "Q637388": "Michael Joseph Keneally (born December 20, 1961) is an American session guitarist, keyboardist, vocalist and composer.", "Q2847279": "Andr\u00e9 Marcel Berthelot (20 May 1862 \u2013 6 June 1938) was the son of the chemist and politician Marcellin Berthelot and a d\u00e9put\u00e9 of the Seine.\nHe was secretary-general of the Grande Encyclop\u00e9die starting with the fourth volume. He was also a banker, a professor in ancient history, a vice-president of the \u00c9cole des hautes \u00e9tudes and a member of the \u00c9cole de Rome.", "Q7867": "Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. These include various maladaptations related to mood, behaviour, cognition, and perceptions. See glossary of psychiatry.\nInitial psychiatric assessment of a person typically begins with a case history and mental status examination. Physical examinations and psychological tests may be conducted. On occasion, neuroimaging or other neurophysiological techniques are used. Mental disorders are often diagnosed in accordance with clinical concepts listed in diagnostic manuals such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), edited and used by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the widely used Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). The fifth edition of the DSM (DSM-5) was published in 2013 which re-organized the larger categories of various diseases and expanded upon the previous edition to include information/insights that are consistent with current research.The combined treatment of psychiatric medication and psychotherapy has become the most common mode of psychiatric treatment in current practice, but contemporary practice also includes a wide variety of other modalities, e.g., assertive community treatment, community reinforcement, and supported employment. Treatment may be delivered on an inpatient or outpatient basis, depending on the severity of functional impairment or on other aspects of the disorder in question. An inpatient may be treated in a psychiatric hospital. Research and treatment within psychiatry as a whole are conducted on an interdisciplinary basis with other professionals, such as epidemiologists, nurses, or psychologists.", "Q148075": "Roque Gonz\u00e1lez Garza (Saltillo, Coahuila, March 23, 1885 \u2013 November 12, 1962 in Mexico City) was a Mexican general and acting president of the Republic from January to June 1915.", "Q126974": "Tale of the Mummy (also known as Russell Mulcahy's Tale of the Mummy and Talos \u2013 the Mummy) is a 1998 British-American horror film directed by Russell Mulcahy and starring Jason Scott Lee, Jack Davenport, Louise Lombard and Christopher Lee. The film received a theatrical wide release on February 13, 1999.", "Q852653": "Cocoa Beach is a city in Brevard County, Florida. The population was 11,231 at the 2010 United States Census. It is part of the Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Q232007": "Silence Like Glass (German title: Zwei Frauen) is a 1989 German-American drama film. Though made in Germany, it is set in America and features an American cast with all English dialogue. The film stars Jami Gertz, Martha Plimpton, George Peppard, Bruce Payne, and Rip Torn.", "Q159178": "Deepika Padukone (pronounced [d\u032ai\u02d0p\u026aka\u02d0 p\u0259\u0256\u028ako\u02d0\u0273e\u02d0] or [pa\u02d0\u0256\u028ako\u02d0\u0273]; born 5 January 1986) is an Indian film actress and producer. One of the highest-paid actresses in India, her accolades include three Filmfare Awards. She features in listings of the nation's most popular personalities, and Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2018.\nPadukone, the daughter of the badminton player Prakash Padukone, was born in Copenhagen and raised in Bangalore. As a teenager, she played badminton in national level championships but left her career in the sport to become a fashion model. She soon received offers for film roles and made her acting debut in 2006 as the title character of the Kannada film Aishwarya. Padukone then played a dual role opposite Shah Rukh Khan in her first Bollywood release, the romance Om Shanti Om (2007), which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Padukone received praise for her starring role in the romance Love Aaj Kal (2009), but this was followed by a brief setback. \nThe romantic comedy Cocktail (2012) marked a turning point in her career, and she gained further success with starring roles in the romantic comedies Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani and Chennai Express (both 2013), the heist comedy Happy New Year (2014), Sanjay Leela Bhansali's period dramas Bajirao Mastani (2015) and Padmaavat (2018), and the Hollywood action film XXX: Return of Xander Cage (2017). She also received critical acclaim for playing a character based on Juliet in Bhansali's tragic romance Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela (2013) and a headstrong architect in the comedy-drama Piku (2015), winning two Filmfare Awards for Best Actress. She formed her own company Ka Productions in 2018, under which she produced Chhapaak (2020), in which she also starred as an acid attack survivor. \nPadukone is the chairperson of the Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image and is the founder of the Live Love Laugh Foundation, which creates awareness on mental health in India. Vocal about issues such as feminism and depression, she also participates in stage shows, has written columns for a newspaper, designed her own line of clothing for women, and is a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products. Padukone is married to her frequent co-star Ranveer Singh.", "Q64571": "Sargans is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.\nSargans is known for its castle, which dates from before the founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1291. Sargans was also a County of the Holy Roman Empire; see County of Sargans.", "Q263248": "Leah Marie Pipes (born August 12, 1988) is an American actress. She is most notable for starring in the television series Life Is Wild, the slasher film Sorority Row and the CW's The Originals.", "Q117217": "Hans R. Camenzind (1 January 1934 \u2013 8 August 2012) was a Swiss electronics engineer, famous for designing the 555 timer IC in 1971 under contract to Signetics. He was the inventor on 20 US patents. Camenzind also wrote three books and numerous technical articles, and lectured at the University of Santa Clara.\n\n", "Q262156": "Uster District is one of the twelve districts of the canton of Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland. Its capital is the city of Uster. The German-speaking district has a population of 131,702 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q320417": "A Map of the World is a 1999 American drama film, based on the novel of the same name by Jane Hamilton. It was directed by Scott Elliott and stars Sigourney Weaver, Julianne Moore, and David Strathairn. Sigourney Weaver was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Drama.\n\n", "Q532248": "Major-General Sterling Price (September 14, 1809 \u2013 September 29, 1867) was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who fought in both the Western and Trans-Mississippi theaters of the American Civil War. He rose to prominence during the Mexican\u2013American War and served as governor of Missouri from 1853 to 1857. He is remembered today for his service in Arkansas (1862\u201365), and his defeat at the battle of Westport on October 23, 1864.", "Q130870": "Ant\u00f3nio Bernardo da Costa Cabral, 1st Count and 1st Marquis of Tomar (9 May 1803 \u2013 1 September 1889) was a Portuguese 19th century statesman.", "Q109029": "Albrecht Schr\u00f6ter (born 7 April 1955) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) who served as mayor (Oberb\u00fcrgermeister) of Jena from 2006 to 2018.\n\n", "Q376651": "Mortiis is a band from Notodden, Norway fronted by H\u00e5vard Ellefsen, who is also known as the namesake of the band. The name is a misspelling of the word \"mortis\", which is the pronunciation used by the band. Mortiis started as the solo project of Ellefsen as a means to convey a story. This aspect was lost over time and Mortiis slowly formed into a band.", "Q87832": "Heinrich Besseler (April 2, 1900 \u2013 July 25, 1969) was a German musicologist born in H\u00f6rde. He is particularly known for his colossal work, Die Musik des Mittelalters und der Renaissance (1931), which provided a new perspective on historical musicology by taking a history-of-ideas approach to music history.", "Q725940": "Sumner Murray Redstone (born Sumner Murray Rothstein; May 27, 1923) is an American businessman and media magnate. He is the majority owner and chairman of the board of the National Amusements theater chain. Through National Amusements, Redstone and his family are majority voting shareholders of ViacomCBS (itself the parent company of CBS, MTV, TV Land, VidCon, Smithsonian Channel, CBS Television Studios, CBS Productions, Showtime Networks, Nickelodeon, Paramount Network, Big Ticket Television, ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks, ViacomCBS Networks International, Comedy Central, Paramount Pictures, Miramax, CBS Television Stations, Network 10 and TV distributor CBS Television Distribution). According to Forbes, as of September 2015, he was worth US$5 billion.Redstone was formerly the executive chairman of both CBS and Viacom. In February 2016, at age 92, Redstone resigned both chairmanships following a court-ordered examination by a geriatric psychiatrist. He was ultimately succeeded by Les Moonves at CBS and Philippe Dauman at Viacom.", "Q158500": "Cevdet Sunay (Turkish: [\u02c8d\u0292evdet \u02c8sunaj]; 10 February 1899 \u2013 22 May 1982) was a Turkish politician and army officer, who served as the fifth President of Turkey from 1966 to 1973.", "Q24155": "Pamela Des Barres (born Pamela Ann Miller; September 9, 1948) is a former rock and roll groupie, musician, and actress. Today she is an author, magazine writer, and writing teacher.", "Q1702136": "John Wesley Frazer (January 6, 1827 \u2013 March 16, 1906) was an American soldier, planter, and businessman. He was a career officer in the United States Army, and then served as a Confederate general during the American Civil War.\nFrazer's most notable action during the Civil War was when he surrendered the Cumberland Gap and was captured in the autumn of 1863. He was held as a prisoner of war until after hostilities ended in the spring of 1865, and then took up work in farming and business.\n\n", "Q105613": "Evelyn Holt (3 October 1908 \u2013 22 February 2001) was a German actress.", "Q463013": "Delbert McClinton (born November 4, 1940) is an American blues rock and electric blues singer-songwriter, guitarist, harmonica player, and pianist.From his first professional stage appearance in 1957 to his most recent national tour in 2018, he has recorded albums for several major record labels and singles that have reached the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, Mainstream Rock Tracks, and Hot Country Songs charts. His highest-charting single was \"Tell Me About It\", a 1992 duet with Tanya Tucker, which reached number 4 on the Country chart. Four of his albums have been number 1 on the Blues chart, and another reached number 2. His highest charting pop hit was 1980's \"Giving It Up for Your Love,\" which peaked at number 8 on the Hot 100.\nMcClinton has earned four Grammy Awards; 1992 Rock Performance by a Duo with Bonnie Raitt for \"Good Man, Good Woman\"; 2002 Contemporary Blues Album for Nothing Personal; 2006 Best Contemporary Blues Album for Cost of Living, and 2020 Best Traditional Blues Album for Tall, Dark, & Handsome. He has been nominated for eight Grammy Awards as of 2020.He was inducted into the Texas Heritage Songwriters Hall of Fame in March 2011, along with Lee Roy Parnell, Bruce Channel, Gary Nicholson, and Cindy Walker. In 2019, Delbert McClinton was honored by the historic Paramount Theatre in Austin, Texas with the fifth star in their Walk of Fame. (Others are actors Jaston Williams and Joe Sears, and musical artists Jerry Jeff Walker and Lyle Lovett).", "Q61409": "Dieter Althaus (born 29 June 1958 in Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Thuringia) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as the 3rd Minister President of Thuringia from 2003 to 2009. In 2003/04 he was the 58th President of the Bundesrat.", "Q1534428": "John LaGale Horton (April 30, 1925 \u2013 November 5, 1960) was an American country music, honky tonk and rockabilly singer and musician, during the 1950s and early 1960s, best known for his saga songs that became international hits beginning with the 1959 single \"The Battle of New Orleans\", which was awarded the 1960 Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording. The song was awarded the Grammy Hall of Fame Award and in 2001 ranked No. 333 of the Recording Industry Association of America's \"Songs of the Century\". His first No. 1 country song was in 1959, \"When It's Springtime in Alaska (It's Forty Below)\".\nHorton's music usually encompassed folk ballads based on American historic themes and legend. He had two successes in 1960 with both \"Sink the Bismarck\" and \"North to Alaska,\" the latter utilized over the opening credits to the John Wayne film of the same name. Horton died in November 1960 at the peak of his fame in a traffic collision, less than two years after his breakthrough. Horton is a member of the Rockabilly Hall of Fame and the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame.", "Q228739": "Debra Lynn Messing (born August 15, 1968) is an American actress. After graduating from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, Messing received short-lived roles on television series such as Ned and Stacey on Fox (1995\u20131997) and Prey on ABC (1998). She achieved her breakthrough role as Grace Adler, an interior designer, on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace (1998\u20132006, 2017-2020), for which she was critically acclaimed, receiving six Golden Globe Award nominations and five Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, winning once in 2003.\nFrom 2007 to 2008, Messing starred as Molly Kagan, the ex-wife of a Hollywood film mogul, on the television miniseries The Starter Wife, for which she received two Golden Globe nominations, a Primetime Emmy Award nomination and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for her performance. Thereafter, she appeared as Broadway playwright Julia Houston on the NBC musical drama Smash (2012\u20132013) and as homicide detective Laura Diamond on the NBC police-procedural comedy The Mysteries of Laura (2014\u20132016). Since 2017, Messing has been reprising her role as Grace Adler on NBC's revival of Will & Grace, garnering a ninth Golden Globe nomination for her performance.\nMessing's film work includes A Walk in the Clouds (1995), Jesus (1999), The Mothman Prophecies (2002), Hollywood Ending (2002), Along Came Polly (2004), The Wedding Date (2005), Lucky You (2007), The Women (2008), Nothing like the Holidays (2008), and Searching (2018). She has also lent her voice to animated films such as Garfield (2004) and Open Season (2006).", "Q115400": "Christian Baldauf (born August 9, 1967 in Frankenthal) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (Germany) and former opposition leader in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. He is married and has two children.\n\n", "Q2532509": "The Belgian Socialist Party (French: Parti Socialiste belge, PSB; Dutch: Belgische Socialistische Partij, BSP) was a social-democratic political party which existed in Belgium from 1945 to 1978. During its time in office, a number of progressive social reforms were introduced.The BSP was founded by activists from the Belgian Labour Party (1885\u20131940), which was the first Belgian socialist party. It ceased to function during the Second World War, while Belgium was under Nazi occupation. Its main support bases were the co-operative and trade union movements, and it won relatively more support in Wallonia. Like most Belgian political organisations, the party supported greater integration with the European Economic Community, albeit in a socialist context.As linguistic and community issues became more divisive, the Belgian Socialist Party split into two new entities: the Socialistische Partij for the Flemish community and the Parti Socialiste for the Francophone community.", "Q230176": "Danneel Ackles (n\u00e9e Elta Danneel Graul; March 18, 1979), credited professionally before 2012 as Danneel Harris, is an American actress and model. She played the role of Shannon McBain on the American daytime soap opera One Life to Live and Rachel Gatina on the WB/CW television drama series One Tree Hill.", "Q4828256": "Average Joes Entertainment Group is an American record label specializing in alternative country, country rap and country music. The label was founded in 2008 by country rap artist Jason \"Colt Ford\" Brown and producer Shannon Houchins. Ford has released six studio albums for the label, five of which have reached the top 10 of the country albums charts including 2012's chart topping #1 \"Declaration Of Independence\" which also charted at #2 on the rap albums chart. 2014's \"Thanks For Listening\" charted #1 on the rap albums chart and # 2 on the country albums chart.Average Joes is also responsible for launching the careers of other artists such as Brantley Gilbert, LoCash Cowboys, Tyler Farr, The Lacs and many more. \nThe label's audiences attract a sizable, rural and working-class audience by describing features of modern rural life in proud detail, staging concerts at mud bogs and buying a stake in the mud racing Mega Truck Series. \nAverage Joe's roster also includes Montgomery Gentry, Lenny Cooper, Bubba Sparxxx, Lenny Cooper, Cypress Spring and more.\nOther previous notable artists include Rehab, Corey Smith, Sunny Ledfurd, Josh Gracin, Moonshine Bandits, Kevin Fowler and Demun Jones.", "Q972597": "Morgan McCammon (September 20, 1922 \u2013 November 20, 1999) was a Canadian lawyer and businessman.\nBorn in Montreal, Quebec, he started studying at McGill University in 1940. He did not complete his education but rather joined the Canadian Army, fighting during World War II with the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. After the war, he continued his education receiving a law degree in 1949. He worked four years as a lawyer with the law firm of Brais-Campbell before joining Steinberg's real-estate business in 1953. He joined Molson Breweries in 1958 eventually becoming President and Chairman.\nIn the summer of 1978 he joined Montreal Canadiens. McCammon was engraved on the Stanley Cup as a director in 1979. Following 1979 Stanley Cup win Morgan McCammon replaced Jacques Courtois as President, later being succeeded by Ronald Corey in 1982. McCammon then served as Chairman of the Board from 1982 to 1986. He won a second ring with Montreal in 1986, but was not engraved on the Stanley Cup.", "Q391974": "Roschdy Zem (born 27 September 1965) is a French actor and filmmaker of Moroccan descent. He shared the award for Best Actor for his role in the film Days of Glory at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q99": "California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States. With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles (423,970 km2), California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area. The state capital is Sacramento. The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second-most populous, after New York City. California also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The City and County of San Francisco is both the country's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county, behind only four of the five New York City boroughs.\nCalifornia's economy, with a gross state product of $3.0 trillion, is the largest sub-national economy in the world. If it were a country, California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world (larger than the United Kingdom, France, or India), and the 37th-most populous as of 2020. The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and third-largest urban economies ($1.3 trillion and $1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018), after the New York metropolitan area. The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ($106,757) among large primary statistical areas, and is home to three of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world's ten richest people.California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture, communication, information, innovation, environmentalism, economics, politics, and entertainment. As a result of the state's diversity and migration, California integrates foods, languages, and traditions from other areas across the country and around the globe. It is considered the origin of the American film industry, the hippie counterculture, fast food, beach and car culture, the Internet, and the personal computer, among others. The San Francisco Bay Area and the Greater Los Angeles Area are widely seen as centers of the global technology and entertainment industries, respectively. California's economy is very diverse: 58% of it is based on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific, and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5% of the state's economy, California's agriculture industry has the highest output of any U.S. state.California shares a border with Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south. The state's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west to the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the east, and from the redwood and Douglas fir forests in the northwest to the Mojave Desert in the southeast. The Central Valley, a major agricultural area, dominates the state's center. Although California is well-known for its warm Mediterranean climate, the large size of the state results in climates that vary from moist temperate rainforest in the north to arid desert in the interior, as well as snowy alpine in the mountains. Over time, drought and wildfires have become more frequent.What is now California was first settled by various Native Californian tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries. The Spanish Empire then claimed and conquered it. In 1804 it was included in Alta California province, within Spanish New Spain Viceroyalty. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its successful war for independence but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican\u2013American War. The western portion of Alta California was then organized and admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850. The California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom.", "Q3182472": "John Slidell (1793 \u2013 July 9, 1871) was an American politician, lawyer, and businessman. A native of New York, Slidell moved to Louisiana as a young man and became a staunch defender of slavery as a Representative and Senator. He was the older brother of Alexander Slidell Mackenzie, a US naval officer.", "Q58288": "Kasit Piromya (Thai: \u0e01\u0e29\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e20\u0e34\u0e23\u0e21\u0e22\u0e4c; RTGS: Kasit Phirom; born 15 December 1944 in Thonburi) is a Thai diplomat, Democrat Party politician, and former People's Alliance for Democracy (\"Yellow Shirts\") activist. He was Foreign Minister of Thailand under Abhisit Vejjajiva from 2008 to 2011.", "Q162688": "Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber (17 January 1739 in Wei\u00dfensee, Thuringia \u2013 10 December 1810 in Erlangen), often styled J.C.D. von Schreber, was a German naturalist.", "Q236507": "Linor Abargil (Hebrew: \u05dc\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d2'\u05d9\u05dc, sometimes spelled Linor Aberjil; born February 17, 1980) is an Israeli lawyer, actress, model, and beauty queen who won the Miss World beauty pageant in 1998, shortly after being raped. Since then, she has become a global advocate in the fight against sexual violence. She was crowned by her predecessor Miss World 1997, Diana Hayden.", "Q48070": "Pavel Fyodorovich Batitsky (27 June 1910 \u2013 17 February 1984) was a Soviet military leader awarded the highest honorary title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1965 and promoted to Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1968. Batitsky served in the Red Army from 1924 and was commander-in-chief of the Air Defense Forces from 1966 to 1978. Following the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953, he was chosen to execute Lavrentiy Beria, the former head of the NKVD.", "Q729149": "Blackfoot is an American Southern rock band from Jacksonville, Florida, United States, formed during 1969. Though they primarily play with a Southern rock style, they are also known as a hard rock act. The band's classic lineup consisted of guitarist and vocalist Rickey Medlocke, guitarist Charlie Hargrett, bassist Greg T. Walker, and drummer Jakson Spires.\nThey had a number of successful albums during the 1970s and early 1980s, including Strikes (1979), Tomcattin' (1980) and Marauder (1981).", "Q388216": "Deee-Lite was an American house and club/dance music group, formed in New York City. The group's best-known single is \"Groove Is in the Heart\", which was released from their 1990 debut album, World Clique, and was a Top 10 hit in multiple countries. In December 2016, Billboard ranked them as the 55th-most successful dance artists of all time.", "Q1346568": "Laurence Neil \"Lol\" Creme (born 19 September 1947) is an English musician and music video director, best known for his work in 10cc. He sings and plays guitar, bass and keyboards.", "Q335797": "Julian Edward George Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith, (22 April 1916 \u2013 16 January 2011) was a British colonial administrator and hereditary peer.", "Q653197": "A rash is a change of the human skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.\nA rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, chapped, dry, cracked or blistered, swell, and may be painful.\nThe causes, and therefore treatments for rashes, vary widely. Diagnosis must take into account such things as the appearance of the rash, other symptoms, what the patient may have been exposed to, occupation, and occurrence in family members. The diagnosis may confirm any number of conditions.\nThe presence of a rash may aid diagnosis; associated signs and symptoms are diagnostic of certain diseases. For example, the rash in measles is an erythematous, morbilliform, maculopapular rash that begins a few days after the fever starts. It classically starts at the head, and spreads downwards.", "Q77280": "Justinus Andreas Christian Kerner (18 September 1786, in Ludwigsburg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany \u2013 21 February 1862, in Weinsberg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) was a German poet, practicing physician, and medical writer. He gave the first detailed description of botulism.", "Q7276057": "RCA Nashville is an American country music record label based in Nashville, Tennessee. It is distributed by Sony Music Nashville which is part of Sony Music.", "Q221090": "Children of Men is a 2006 dystopian action thriller film directed and co-written by Alfonso Cuar\u00f3n. The screenplay, based on P. D. James' 1992 novel The Children of Men, was credited to five writers, with Clive Owen making uncredited contributions. The film takes place in 2027, when two decades of human infertility have left society on the brink of collapse. Illegal immigrants seek sanctuary in the United Kingdom, where the last functioning government imposes oppressive immigration laws on refugees. Owen plays civil servant Theo Faron, who must help a refugee (Clare-Hope Ashitey) escape the chaos. Children of Men also stars Julianne Moore, Michael Caine, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Pam Ferris, and Charlie Hunnam.\nThe film was released on 22 September 2006 in the UK and on 25 December in the US. Critics noted the relationship between the US' Christmas opening and the film's themes of hope, redemption, and faith. Despite the limited release and low earnings at the box office compared with its budget, Children of Men received critical acclaim and was recognised for its achievements in screenwriting, cinematography, art direction, and innovative single-shot action sequences. It was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing. It was also nominated for three BAFTA Awards, winning Best Cinematography and Best Production Design, and for three Saturn Awards, winning Best Science Fiction Film. In 2016 it was voted 13th among 100 films considered the best of the 21st century by 117 film critics from around the world.", "Q250669": "Fin Greenall, known professionally as Fink, is an English singer, songwriter, guitarist, producer, and DJ born in Cornwall and currently based in Berlin and London. From 1997\u20132003 he focused on electronic music and DJ'd internationally, releasing in 2000 his debut album Fresh Produce on Ninja Tune. Since the 2006 release of his album Biscuits for Breakfast, the name Fink has also referred to the recording and touring trio fronted by Greenall himself, completed by Guy Whittaker (bass) and Tim Thornton (drums).\nMost recently he has written in collaboration with John Legend, Banks, Ximena Sarinana and Professor Green. With Amy Winehouse he co-wrote the song \"Half Time\", which appears on Winehouse's posthumous collection Lioness: Hidden Treasures. In 2012 Fink collaborated and performed with the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra in Amsterdam, resulting in the live album Fink Meets The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra. Fink is signed to his own label, R'COUP'D Records, a subsidiary of Ninja Tune, on which he has released his latest albums.", "Q72": "Z\u00fcrich (German: Z\u00fcrich; Alemannic German: Z\u00fcri; French: Zurich; Italian: Zurigo; Romansh: Turitg) is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Z\u00fcrich. It is located in north-central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Z\u00fcrich. As of January 2020 the municipality has 434,335 inhabitants, the urban area (agglomeration) 1.315 million (2009) and the Z\u00fcrich metropolitan area 1.83 million (2011). Z\u00fcrich is a hub for railways, roads, and air traffic. Both Zurich Airport and railway station are the largest and busiest in the country.\nPermanently settled for over 2,000 years, Z\u00fcrich was founded by the Romans, who, in 15 BC, called it Turicum. However, early settlements have been found dating back more than 6,400 years (although this only indicates human presence in the area and not the presence of a town that early). During the Middle Ages, Z\u00fcrich gained the independent and privileged status of imperial immediacy and, in 1519, became a primary centre of the Protestant Reformation in Europe under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli.The official language of Z\u00fcrich is German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect, Z\u00fcrich German.\nMany museums and art galleries can be found in the city, including the Swiss National Museum, the Kunsthaus and newer Theater 11 in Oerlikon. Schauspielhaus Z\u00fcrich is one of the most important theatres in the German-speaking world.Z\u00fcrich is among the world's largest financial centres despite having a relatively small population. The city is home to many financial institutions and banking companies. Many of Switzerland's research and development centres are concentrated in the Greater Z\u00fcrich area and the low tax rates and canton funding subsidies attract overseas companies to set up their headquarters or finance treasury services in the city.Monocle's 2012 \"Quality of Life Survey\" ranked Z\u00fcrich first on a list of the top 25 cities in the world \"to make a base within\". In 2019 Z\u00fcrich was ranked among the ten most liveable cities in the world by Mercer together with Geneva and Basel.", "Q4115024": "Ayn-al-Qu\u017c\u0101t Hamad\u0101n\u012b, also spelled Ain-al Quzat Hamedani or \u02bfAyn-al Qudat Hamadhani (1098\u20131131) (Persian: \u0639\u06cc\u0646\u200c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e), full name: Abu\u2019l-ma\u02bf\u0101l\u012b \u02bfabdall\u0101h Bin Ab\u012bbakr Mohammad May\u0101nej\u012b (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u200e), was a Persian jurisconsult, mystic, philosopher, poet and mathematician who was executed at the age of 33.", "Q443328": "Nancy Sullivan (born October 17, 1969) is an American actress, television presenter, and screenwriter. She is a comedy actress and received improvisation training as a member of The Groundlings in San Jose. She played Audrey Parker-Nichols in the hit Nickelodeon sitcom Drake & Josh. On The Amanda Show, she played various characters such as Marcy Stimple, Mrs. Klutz, Ms. DeBoat, and other various teachers, as well as customers for \"Blockblister\" and \"...Dooper\" sketches.\nShe studied acting and dance at the University of Utah. Her role models are Lucille Ball, Tracey Ullman and Carol Burnett. Sullivan has also appeared in many commercials including some recent ones for the Price Chopper supermarket chain and the Consumer Cellular wireless carrier.", "Q82779": "Adam Brodzisz (18 February 1906 \u2013 9 November 1986) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in 22 films between 1928 and 1955.", "Q1773724": "Levi Henriksen (born 15 May 1964) is a Norwegian novelist, short story writer and singer-songwriter.\n\n", "Q102197": "Mark Chung (born June 3, 1957, in Leeds, England) is a German musician and music publisher, probably best known for his work as the bass guitarist of the German band Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten.", "Q207731": "Lamb of God (sometimes abbreviated as LoG) is an American heavy metal band from Richmond, Virginia. Formed in 1994 as Burn the Priest, the group consists of bassist John Campbell, vocalist Randy Blythe, guitarists Mark Morton and Willie Adler, and drummer Art Cruz. The band is considered a significant member of the New Wave of American Heavy Metal movement.Since their formation, Lamb of God has released nine studio albums (two of them were released under Burn the Priest), one live album, one compilation album and three DVDs. The band's cumulative sales equal almost two million in the United States, including one album certified Gold by the RIAA. In 2010 and 2011 the band received Grammy nominations for songs from their 2009 album Wrath. They also received a nomination in 2016 for their song \"512\". Lamb of God has toured with the Ozzfest twice. Other appearances include Download Festival and Sonisphere Festival in the UK, Soundwave Festival, Mayhem Festival 2010 and Gigantour. From 2008 to 2010 they toured as part of Metallica's World Magnetic Tour, and supported Slayer on their final world tour in 2018 and 2019.\n\n", "Q239807": "Marie Lafor\u00eat (born Ma\u00eftena Marie Brigitte Doumenach, 5 October 1939 \u2013 2 November 2019) was a French singer and actress, particularly well known for her work during the 1960s and 1970s. In 1978, she moved to Geneva, Switzerland and acquired Swiss citizenship.\n\n", "Q708187": "Liao Yiwu (Chinese: \u5ed6\u4ea6\u6b66; pinyin: Li\u00e0o Y\u00ecw\u01d4; also known as Lao Wei (Chinese: \u8001\u5a01); born 16 June 1958 in Sichuan), is a Chinese author, reporter, musician, and poet. He is a critic of China's Communist regime, for which he has been imprisoned. His books, several of which are collections of interviews with ordinary people from the lower rungs of Chinese society, were published in Taiwan and Hong Kong but are banned in mainland China; some have been translated into English, French, German, Polish and Czech.", "Q318163": "Abraham Laboriel Sr. (born July 17, 1947) is a Mexican-American bassist who has played on over 4,000 recordings and soundtracks. Guitar Player magazine called him \"the most widely used session bassist of our time\". Laboriel is the father of drummer Abe Laboriel Jr. and of producer, songwriter, and film composer Mateo Laboriel. He is ranked No. 42 on Bass Player magazine's list of \"The 100 Greatest Bass Players of All Time\".Laboriel was born in Mexico City. A classically trained guitarist, he switched to bass guitar while studying at the Berklee College of Music. Henry Mancini encouraged Laboriel to move to Los Angeles, California, to pursue a recording career. His brother was Mexican rock singer Johnny Laboriel. Their parents were Garifuna immigrants from Honduras.Laboriel has worked with Al Jarreau, George Benson, Alan Silvestri, Alvaro Lopez and Res-Q Band, Alvin Slaughter, Don Felder, Andra\u00e9 Crouch, Andy Pratt, Andy Summers, Barbra Streisand, Billy Cobham, Chris Isaak, Christopher Cross, Crystal Lewis, Dave Grusin, Djavan, Dolly Parton, Don Moen, Donald Fagen, Elton John, Engelbert Humperdinck, Freddie Hubbard, Phil Driscoll, Hanson, Herb Alpert, Herbie Hancock, Johnny Hallyday, Keith Green, Kelly Willard, Lalo Schifrin, Larry Carlton, Lee Ritenour, Leo Sayer, Lisa Loeb, Madonna, Michael Jackson, Nathan Davis, Paul Jackson Jr., Paul Simon, Quincy Jones, Ray Charles, Luis Miguel, Ron Kenoly, Russ Taff, Stevie Wonder, Umberto Tozzi, Randy Crawford and sometimes DeBarge.\nWhen Laboriel recorded his three solo albums \u2012 Dear Friends, Guidum, and Justo & Abraham, he recruited a cast of musicians that included Alex Acu\u00f1a, Al Jarreau, Jim Keltner, Phillip Bailey, Ron Kenoly, and others. His son Abe Laboriel Jr. played drums.\nLaboriel was a founding member of the bands Friendship and Koinonia. He plays live regularly with Greg Mathieson, drummer Bill Maxwell, and Justo Almario. Laboriel is now in the band Open Hands with Justo Almario, Greg Mathieson, and Bill Maxwell.\nIn 2005, Abraham was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music by the Berklee College of Music.", "Q1543": "Associazione Calcio Milan (Italian pronunciation: [assot\u0283at\u02c8tsjo\u02d0ne \u02c8kalt\u0283o \u02c8mi\u02d0lan]), commonly referred to as A.C. Milan or simply Milan, is a professional football club in Milan, Italy, founded in 1899. The club has spent its entire history, with the exception of the 1980\u201381 and 1982\u201383 seasons, in the top flight of Italian football, known as Serie A since 1929\u201330.A.C. Milan's 18 FIFA and UEFA trophies is the fourth highest out of any club (joint with Boca Juniors), and the most out of any Italian club. Milan has won a joint record three Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup, seven European Cup/Champions League titles (Italian record), the UEFA Super Cup a joint record five times and the Cup Winners' Cup twice. With 18 league titles, Milan is also the joint-second most successful club in Serie A, along with local rivals Internazionale and behind Juventus (35 league titles). They have also won the Coppa Italia five times, and the Supercoppa Italiana seven.Milan's home games are played at San Siro, also known as the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza. The stadium, which is shared with city rivals Internazionale, is the largest in Italian football, with a total capacity of 80,018. Inter are considered their biggest rivals, and matches between the two teams are called Derby della Madonnina, which is one of the most followed derbies in football.The club is one of the wealthiest in Italian and world football. It was a founding member of the now-defunct G-14 group of Europe's leading football clubs as well as its replacement, the European Club Association.", "Q204238": "England's national under-21 football team, also known as England under-21s or England U21(s), is considered to be the feeder team for the England national football team.\nThis team is for English players aged under 21 at the start of the calendar year in which a two-year European Under-21 Football Championship campaign begins, so some players can remain with the squad until the age of 23. As long as they are eligible, players can play for England at any level, making it possible to play for the U21s, senior side, and again for the U21s, as Jack Butland, Harry Kane, Calum Chambers and John Stones have done. It is also possible to play for one country at youth level and another at senior level (providing the player has not played a senior competitive game in his previous country.)\nThe U-21 team came into existence, following the realignment of UEFA's youth competitions, in 1976. A goalless draw in a friendly against Wales at Wolves' Molineux Stadium was England U21s' first result.\nEngland U21s do not have a permanent home. They play in stadia dotted all around England, in an attempt to encourage younger fans in all areas of the country to get behind England. Because of the lower demand compared to the senior national team, smaller grounds can be used. The record attendance for an England U21 match was set on 24 March 2007, when England U21 played Italy U21 in front of a crowd of just under 60,000 at the new Wembley Stadium, also a world record attendance for a U21 game. The match was one of the required two events the stadium hosted in order to gain its safety certificate in time for its full-capacity opening for the 2007 FA Cup Final in May.", "Q977404": "Ra\u00fal \"El Gordo\" De Molina (born March 29, 1959 in Havana, Cuba) is the multiple Emmy Award-winning co-host of the Univision Networks #1 rated entertainment news show El Gordo y la Flaca.", "Q65684": "Sagogn is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland.", "Q223687": "Wesley Wales Anderson (born May 1, 1969) is an American filmmaker. His films are known for their distinctive visual and narrative styles, and he is regarded by some critics as a modern-day example of the auteur. Three of his films\u2014The Royal Tenenbaums, Moonrise Kingdom, and The Grand Budapest Hotel\u2014appeared in BBC's 2016 poll of the greatest films since 2000.Anderson was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), Moonrise Kingdom (2012) and The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014), as well as the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature for the stop-motion films Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009) and Isle of Dogs (2018). With The Grand Budapest Hotel, he received his first Academy Award nominations for Best Director and Best Picture, and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy and the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay. He currently runs the production company American Empirical Pictures, which he founded in 1998. Anderson won the Silver Bear for Best Director for Isle of Dogs in 2018.", "Q968524": "Hugh Charles Padgham (born 15 February 1955) is an English record producer and audio engineer. He has won four Grammy Awards, for Producer of the Year and Album of the Year for 1985, Record of the Year for 1990, and Engineer of the Year for 1993. A 1992 poll in Mix magazine voted him one of the world's \"Top Ten Most Influential Producers\". Padgham's co-productions include hits by Phil Collins, XTC, Genesis, the Human League, Sting, and the Police. He pioneered (with Peter Gabriel and producer Steve Lillywhite) the \"gated reverb\" drum sound used most famously in Collins' song \"In the Air Tonight\".", "Q44892": "Kraftwerk (German: [\u02c8k\u0281aftv\u025b\u0250\u032fk], lit. \"power station\") is a German band formed in D\u00fcsseldorf in 1970 by Ralf H\u00fctter and Florian Schneider. Widely considered as innovators and pioneers of electronic music, they were among the first successful acts to popularize the genre. The group began as part of West Germany's experimental krautrock scene in the early 1970s before fully embracing electronic instrumentation, including synthesizers, drum machines, and vocoders. \nOn commercially successful albums such as Autobahn (1974), Trans-Europe Express (1977), and The Man-Machine (1978), Kraftwerk developed a self-described \"robot pop\" style that combined electronic music with pop melodies, sparse arrangements, and repetitive rhythms, while adopting a stylized image including matching suits. Following the release of Electric Caf\u00e9 (1986), member Wolfgang Fl\u00fcr left the group in 1987; the band's other longtime percussionist, Karl Bartos, did the same in 1990. Founding member Schneider departed in 2008. \nThe band's work has influenced a diverse range of artists and many genres of modern music, including synthpop, hip hop, post-punk, techno, ambient, and club music. In 2014, the Recording Academy honoured Kraftwerk with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Their latest album 3-D The Catalogue was released in 2017. As of 2019, the remaining members of the band continue to tour.", "Q438942": "Ulisse Stacchini (July 3, 1871 \u2013 1947) was an Italian architect. He was born in Florence and studied in Milan and died in Sanremo.\nHis major works include the Milan Central Station and Stadio Giuseppe Meazza.", "Q311621": "Maynard James Keenan (born James Herbert Keenan; April 17, 1964) is an American singer and songwriter. He is the lead singer and primary lyricist of the rock bands Tool and A Perfect Circle with whom he has released five and four studio albums, respectively. In 2003, he created Puscifer as a side project, with which he has released three studio albums.\nOriginally from Ohio, Keenan spent his high school and college years in Michigan. He joined the United States Army after graduating high school. After leaving the Army, Keenan attended Kendall College of Art and Design in Grand Rapids. He relocated to Los Angeles, California in 1988 to pursue a career in interior design and set construction, and formed Tool with Adam Jones shortly thereafter.\nIn addition to his music career, Keenan owns Merkin Vineyards and Caduceus Cellars in Arizona, where he resides. Since rising to fame, Keenan has been a recluse, although he does emerge to support charitable causes. He has also ventured into acting.", "Q735560": "Imre Ung\u00e1r (23 January 1909, in Budapest \u2013 22 November 1972, in Budapest) was a Hungarian pianist.\nHe was blind since the age of three. While a student under Istv\u00e1n Thom\u00e1n at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music he won the Competition for Young Talents, beginning a concert career through Hungary. He took part in the II Fryderyk Chopin Competition, tying with Russian \u00e9migr\u00e9 Alexander Uninsky for the 1st prize. Uninsky won the coin flipping.\nAfter World War II, which he spent in the Netherlands, Ung\u00e1r combined his concert career with teaching at the Liszt Academy.", "Q358547": "Rafael Bombelli (baptised on 20 January 1526; died 1572) was an Italian mathematician. Born in Bologna, he is the author of a treatise on algebra and is a central figure in the understanding of imaginary numbers.\nHe was the one who finally managed to address the problem with imaginary numbers. In his 1572 book, L'Algebra, Bombelli solved equations using the method of del Ferro/Tartaglia. He introduced the rhetoric that preceded the representative symbols +i and -i and described how they both worked.", "Q1501478": "Larry \"Rhino\" Reinhardt (July 7, 1948 \u2013 January 2, 2012) was an American rock guitarist who played with Iron Butterfly and Captain Beyond. At one time Reinhardt was known by the nicknames \"El Rhino\" and \"Ryno\".", "Q553891": "Indri\u00f0i Gu\u00f0mundur \u00deorsteinsson (18 April 1926 \u2013 3 September 2000) was an Icelandic writer.", "Q1051912": "DearS (\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30fc\u30ba, Di\u0101zu) is a Japanese manga series co-written and illustrated by Banri Sendo and Shibuko Ebara, credited under their pen name Peach-Pit. It was serialized monthly by MediaWorks in their magazine Dengeki Comic Gao! from March 2002 to December 17, 2005 and was later published into a ten volume set by the company. The manga was licensed and translated into English by Tokyopop. A 13-episode anime was adapted by MSJ and a PlayStation 2 video game was produced by MediaWorks.", "Q298777": "Michael York, OBE (born Michael Hugh Johnson; 27 March 1942) is an English actor and voice actor. A two-time Emmy Award nominee, for the ABC Afterschool Special: Are You My Mother? (1986) and the AMC series The Lot (2001), he has appeared in more than 70 films, including Romeo and Juliet (1968), Cabaret (1972), The Three Musketeers (1973), Logan's Run (1976), and the Austin Powers film series (1997\u20132002).", "Q87601": "Johann Georg Specht (20 December 1721 \u2013 30 December 1803) was born in Lindenberg im Allg\u00e4u. He was a civil engineer and architect in the south of Germany.\nJohann Georg Specht trained as a civil engineer with Peter Thumb in Vorarlberg.\nSpecht planned and had a vast number of edifices and other constructions built in Upper Swabia and the Allg\u00e4u, amongst which are as varied constructions as water works, bridges, mills, residential buildings, industrial buildings and even castles and churches.\nHis main and most famous project was the monastery church St. Martin at Wiblingen Abbey in 1771. He planned and designed the church but was not allowed to execute the building works when the Bavarian painter and civil engineer Januarius Zick was contracted in 1778 to complete the building works after Specht had been dismissed in December 1777.", "Q2749842": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Michavila N\u00fa\u00f1ez (Madrid, Spain, 28 March 1960) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the People's Party (PP).\nWidowed with five children, Michavila qualified in law and history. He entered politics in 1993 when he was elected to the Spanish Congress of Deputies representing Madrid region. Between 1996 and 2000 he served as Secretary of State for Relations with the Cortes. However for the 2000 election he switched to Valencia region which he has represented since then. He served as Secretary of State for Justice between 2000 and 2002 when he was promoted to Minister of Justice until 2004 in the government of Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Aznar. As a lawyer he represents Shakira and Alejandro Sanz.", "Q1208175": "A camera operator, or depending on the context cameraman or camerawoman, is a professional operator of a film camera or video camera as part of a film crew. The term \"cameraman\" does not imply that a male is performing the task.In filmmaking, the cinematographer or director of photography (DP or DoP) is sometimes called lighting cameraman or first cameraman. The DP may operate the camera themselves, or enlist the aid of a camera operator or second cameraman to operate it or set the controls. The first assistant cameraman (1st AC), also known as a focus puller, is responsible for maintenance of the camera, such as clearing dirt from the film gate and adjusting the follow focus. A second assistant cameraman (2nd AC), also known as a clapper loader, might be employed to load film, slate scenes, or maintain the camera report (a log of scenes, takes, rolls, photographic filters used, and other production data).A camera operator in a video production may be known by titles like television camera operator, video camera operator, or videographer, depending on the context and technology involved, usually operating a professional video camera. As of 2016, there were approximately 59,300 television, video, and motion picture camera operators employed in the United States.Important camera operator skills include choreographing and framing shots, knowledge of and the ability to select appropriate camera lenses, and other equipment (dollies, camera cranes, etc.) to portray dramatic scenes. The principles of dramatic story telling and film editing fundamentals are important skills as well. The camera operator is required to communicate clearly and concisely on sets where time and film budget constraints are ever present.", "Q316628": "The Kaiser's Lackey (German: der Untertan; also known in English as Man of Straw and The Loyal Subject) is a 1951 East German film directed by Wolfgang Staudte, based on Heinrich Mann's 1918 satirical novel by the same name.", "Q176170": "Ern\u0151 Ger\u0151 [\u02c8\u025brn\u00f8\u02d0 \u02c8\u0261\u025br\u00f8\u02d0] (born Ern\u0151 Singer; 8 July 1898 \u2013 12 March 1980) was a Hungarian Communist Party leader in the period after World War II and briefly in 1956 the most powerful man in Hungary as the second secretary of its ruling communist party.", "Q311147": "Robert Toru Kiyosaki (\u6e05\u5d0e \u5fb9, Kiyosaki Tooru, born April 8, 1947) is an American businessman and author. Kiyosaki is the founder of Rich Global LLC and the Rich Dad Company, a private financial education company that provides personal finance and business education to people through books and videos. The company's main revenues come from franchisees of the Rich Dad seminars that are conducted by independent individuals using Kiyosaki's brand name for a fee. He is also the creator of the Cashflow board and software games to educate adults and children about business and financial concepts.Kiyosaki's seminars in the United States and Canada are conducted in collaboration with a company called Whitney Information Network and are contracted out to local companies as franchisees in other countries. However, some attendees have sued Kiyosaki on claims that his high-priced seminars did not deliver anything special.Kiyosaki is the author of more than 26 books, including the international self-published personal finance Rich Dad Poor Dad series of books which has been translated into 51 languages and sold over 41 million copies worldwide. He has been criticized for advocating practices of debatable legality perceived as \"get rich quick\" philosophy. Kiyosaki is the subject of a class action suit filed by people who attended his seminars and has been the subject of two investigative documentaries by CBC Canada and WTAE USA. Kiyosaki's company filed for bankruptcy in 2012.", "Q52996": "Marshall is a city in and the county seat of Harrison County in Northeastern Texas in the United States. It is a cultural and educational center and located in East Texas and the tri-state area of the Ark-La-Tex. At the 2010 census, the population of Marshall was 23,523; in 2018 it decreased to an estimated 23,091. The population of the Greater Marshall area, comprising all of Harrison County, was 65,631 in 2010, and 66,726 in 2018.Marshall was a political and production city of the Confederacy during the American Civil War. Then it was a large railroad center of the T&P Railroad from the late 19th century until the mid-20th century. Activists in the city's substantial African American population worked to create social change through the Civil Rights Movement, with considerable support from the historically black colleges and universities in the area. The city is known for holding one of the largest light festivals in the United States, the \"Wonderland of Lights\". It identifies as the self-proclaimed \"Pottery Capital of the World\", for its sizable pottery industry.\nMarshall is referred to by various nicknames: the \"Cultural Capital of East Texas\", the \"Gateway of Texas\", the \"Athens of Texas\", the \"City of Seven Flags\", and \"Center Stage\", a branding slogan adopted by the Marshall Convention and Visitors Bureau.", "Q938475": "David Brooks (born August 11, 1961) is a Canadian-born American conservative political and cultural commentator who writes for The New York Times. He has worked as a film critic for The Washington Times, a reporter and later op-ed editor for The Wall Street Journal, a senior editor at The Weekly Standard from its inception, a contributing editor at Newsweek, and The Atlantic Monthly, and a commentator on NPR and the PBS NewsHour.", "Q262803": "Quiet Chaos (Italian: Caos calmo) is a 2008 Italian drama film based on the novel of the same name by Sandro Veronesi.", "Q1551529": "Gr\u00e9goire Aslan (born Krikor Aslanian, 28 March 1908 \u2013 8 January 1982) was an Armenian actor and musician based in Switzerland.", "Q575856": "Paul Mason (born 23 January 1960) is a British commentator and radio personality. He was Culture and Digital Editor of Channel 4 News, becoming the programme's Economics Editor on 1 June 2014, a post he formerly held on BBC Two's Newsnight programme. He is the author of several books, and a visiting professor at the University of Wolverhampton.", "Q106497": "H\u00fcseyin Kenan Ayd\u0131n (born 22 October 1962, in P\u00fcl\u00fcm\u00fcr, Tunceli Province, Turkey) is a German politician of Zaza descent and member of Die Linke.", "Q9679": "The Isle of Wight () is a county and the largest and second-most populous island in England. It is in the English Channel, between 2 and 5 miles off the coast of Hampshire, separated by the Solent. The island has resorts that have been holiday destinations since Victorian times, and is known for its mild climate, coastal scenery, and verdant landscape of fields, downland and chines. The island is designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.\nThe island has been home to the poets Swinburne and Tennyson and to Queen Victoria, who built her much-loved summer residence and final home Osborne House at East Cowes. It has a maritime and industrial tradition including boat-building, sail-making, the manufacture of flying boats, the hovercraft, and Britain's space rockets. The island hosts annual music festivals including the Isle of Wight Festival, which in 1970 was the largest rock music event ever held. It has well-conserved wildlife and some of the richest cliffs and quarries for dinosaur fossils in Europe.\nThe isle was owned by a Norman family until 1293 and was earlier a kingdom in its own right. In common with the Crown dependencies, the British Crown was then represented on the island by the Governor of the Isle of Wight until 1995. The island has played an important part in the defence of the ports of Southampton and Portsmouth, and been near the front-line of conflicts through the ages, including the Spanish Armada and the Battle of Britain. Rural for most of its history, its Victorian fashionability and the growing affordability of holidays led to significant urban development during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Historically part of Hampshire, the island became a separate administrative county in 1890. It continued to share the Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire until 1974, when it was made its own ceremonial county. Apart from a shared police force, and the island's Anglican churches belonging to the Diocese of Portsmouth (originally Winchester), there is now no administrative link with Hampshire; although a combined local authority with Portsmouth and Southampton was considered, this is now unlikely to proceed.The quickest public transport link to the mainland is the hovercraft from Ryde to Southsea; three vehicle ferry and two catamaran services cross the Solent to Southampton, Lymington and Portsmouth.\n\n", "Q55021": "The Cologne University of Music is a music college in Cologne, and Europe's largest academy of music.", "Q1225": "Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician who is both a solo artist and the leader of the E Street Band. He received critical acclaim for his early 1970s albums and attained worldwide fame upon the release of Born to Run in 1975. During a career that has spanned five decades, Springsteen has become known for his poetic and socially conscious lyrics and lengthy, energetic stage performances, earning the nickname \"The Boss\". He has recorded both rock albums and folk-oriented works, and his lyrics often address the experiences and struggles of working-class Americans.\nBorn in the U.S.A. (1984) is Springsteen's most critically acclaimed and commercially successful album, proving him to be one of the most successful rock figures of the 1980s. It was certified 15x Platinum in the US and has sold 30 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling albums of all time. Seven of its singles reached the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 including the title track, which was a bitter commentary on the treatment of Vietnam veterans \u2014 some of whom were Springsteen's friends. Advocating for the rights of the common working-class man, the song made a huge political impact. Springsteen's other best-known songs include \"Born to Run\" (1975), \"Thunder Road\" (1975), \"Badlands\" (1978), \"Hungry Heart\" (1980), \"Dancing in the Dark\" (1984), \"Glory Days\" (1985), \"Brilliant Disguise\" (1987), \"Human Touch\" (1992), \"Streets of Philadelphia\" (1994), and \"The Rising\" (2002).\nSpringsteen has sold more than 135 million records worldwide and more than 64 million records in the United States, making him one of the world's best-selling music artists. He has earned numerous awards for his work, including 20 Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes, an Academy Award, and a Tony Award (for Springsteen on Broadway). Springsteen was inducted into both the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999, received the Kennedy Center Honors in 2009, was named MusiCares person of the year in 2013, and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama in 2016.", "Q121028": "Hans-Christian Huf (born 1956 in Starnberg) is a German author, historian and television journalist.\nHuf studied German studies, history and politics in Munich, Germany and Bordeaux in France. Since 1984 he's an employee of the public-service German television channel ZDF. Since 1987 he's part of the editorial staff from the ZDF-editorial Geschichte und Gesellschaft (history and society) and Kultur und Gesellschaft (culture and society).", "Q86279": "Squadron Leader Robert Kronfeld, AFC (5 May 1904 \u2013 12 February 1948) was an Austrian-born gliding champion and sailplane designer of the 1920s and 30s. He became a British subject and an RAF test pilot. He was killed testing a glider in 1948.", "Q1803180": "Michael Walter Wynne (born September 4, 1944) is an American politician and business executive and was the 21st United States Secretary of the Air Force. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates asked for and received his resignation (and that of Chief of Staff T. Michael Moseley) on June 5, 2008, in the wake of the 2007 United States Air Force nuclear weapons incident and the mistaken shipment of Minuteman III parts to Taiwan in 2006, followed by an investigation by and a critical report from Admiral Kirkland H. Donald regarding the Minuteman incident.Michael B. Donley, Department of Defense Director of Administration and Management, was nominated to replace Wynne by President George W. Bush on June 9, 2008.\n\n", "Q237194": "Wanda Yvette Sykes (born March 7, 1964) is an American actress, comedian, and writer. She was first recognized for her work as a writer on The Chris Rock Show, for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award in 1999. In 2004, Entertainment Weekly named Sykes as one of the 25 funniest people in America. She is also known for her roles on CBS' The New Adventures of Old Christine (2006\u201310), HBO's Curb Your Enthusiasm (2001\u201311), and ABC's Black-ish (2015\u2013present).\nAside from her television appearances, Sykes has also had a career in film, appearing in Monster-in-Law (2005), My Super Ex-Girlfriend (2006), Evan Almighty (2007) and License to Wed (2007), as well as voicing characters in animated films such as Over the Hedge (2006), Barnyard (2006), Brother Bear 2 (2006), Rio (2011), Ice Age: Continental Drift (2012), Ice Age: Collision Course (2016) and UglyDolls (2019).", "Q5043": "Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. Its adherents, known as Christians, believe that Jesus is the Christ, whose coming as the messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible, called the Old Testament in Christianity, and chronicled in the New Testament. It is the world's largest religion with about 2.4 billion followers.Christianity remains culturally diverse in its Western and Eastern branches, as well as in its doctrines concerning justification and the nature of salvation, ecclesiology, ordination, and Christology. Their creeds generally hold in common Jesus as the Son of God\u2014the logos incarnated\u2014who ministered, suffered, and died on a cross, but rose from the dead for the salvation of mankind; as referred to as the gospel, meaning the \"good news\", in the Bible (scripture). Describing Jesus' life and teachings are the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John with the Jewish Old Testament as the gospel's respected background.\nChristianity began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the 1st century in the Roman province of Judea. Jesus' apostles and their followers spread around the Levant, Europe, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, Transcaucasia, Egypt, and Ethiopia, despite initial persecution. It soon attracted gentile God-fearers, which led to a departure from Jewish customs, and, after the Fall of Jerusalem, AD 70 which ended the Temple-based Judaism, Christianity slowly separated from Judaism. Emperor Constantine the Great decriminalized Christianity in the Roman Empire by the Edict of Milan (313), later convening the Council of Nicaea (325) where Early Christianity was consolidated into what would become the State church of the Roman Empire (380). The early history of Christianity's united church before major schisms is sometimes referred to as the \"Great Church\". The Church of the East split after the Council of Ephesus (431) and Oriental Orthodoxy split after the Council of Chalcedon (451) over differences in Christology, while the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church separated in the East\u2013West Schism (1054), especially over the authority of the bishop of Rome. Protestantism split in numerous denominations from the Latin Catholic Church in the Reformation era (16th century) over theological and ecclesiological disputes, most predominantly on the issue of justification and papal primacy. Christianity played a prominent role in the development of Western civilization, particularly in Europe from late antiquity. Following the Age of Discovery (15th\u201317th century), Christianity was spread into the Americas, Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and the rest of the world via missionary work.The four largest branches of Christianity are the Catholic Church (1.3 billion/50.1%), Protestantism (920 million/36.7%), the Eastern Orthodox Church (260 million) and Oriental Orthodoxy (62 million/Orthodoxy combined at 11.9%), amid various efforts toward unity (ecumenism). Despite a decline in adherence in the West, Christianity remains the dominant religion in the region, with about 70% of the population identifying as Christian. Christianity is growing in Africa and Asia, the world's most populous continents. Christians are the most persecuted religious group in the world, especially in the Middle-East, North Africa, East Asia, and South Asia.", "Q550426": "Jeffrey Katzenberg (; born December 21, 1950) is an American film producer and media proprietor.\nHe became well known for his tenure as chairman of Walt Disney Studios from 1984 to 1994, during which the studio reinvigorated its live-action and animation divisions, as well as producing some of its biggest hits, including The Little Mermaid (1989), Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992), and The Lion King (1994). After departing Disney, he was a co-founder and CEO of DreamWorks Animation, where he oversaw the production of such animated franchises as Shrek, Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda, Monsters vs. Aliens and How to Train Your Dragon. He has since founded a new media and technology company called WndrCo and is the founder of Quibi, a short-form mobile video platform.\nKatzenberg has also been involved in politics. With his active support of Hillary Clinton, Elizabeth Warren and Barack Obama, he was called \"one of Hollywood's premier political kingmakers and one of the Democratic Party's top national fundraisers.\"", "Q174767": "William Myles Nobles (August 29, 1924 \u2013 October 9, 2005), known as Billy Myles, was an American R&B songwriter and singer active in the 1950s and 1960s. He is best known for writing \"Tonight, Tonight\" recorded by The Mello-Kings, \"(You Were Made for) All My Love\" recorded by Jackie Wilson (1960), and \"Have You Ever Loved A Woman\" recorded by Freddie King (1960), then Eric Clapton (1970).", "Q516473": "Henry Robinson Luce (April 3, 1898 \u2013 February 28, 1967) was an American magazine magnate who was called \"the most influential private citizen in the America of his day\". He launched and closely supervised a stable of magazines that transformed journalism and the reading habits of millions of Americans. Time summarized and interpreted the week's news; Life was a picture magazine of politics, culture, and society that dominated American visual perceptions in the era before television; Fortune reported on national and international business; and Sports Illustrated explored the world of sports. Counting his radio projects and newsreels, Luce created the first multimedia corporation. He envisaged that the United States would achieve world hegemony, and, in 1941, he declared the 20th century would be the \"American Century\".", "Q247473": "Charles Reade (8 June 1814 \u2013 11 April 1884) was an English novelist and dramatist, best known for The Cloister and the Hearth.", "Q30875": "Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 \u2013 30 November 1900) was an Irish poet and playwright. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, the early 1890s saw him become one of the most popular playwrights in London. He is best remembered for his epigrams and plays, his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, and the circumstances of his criminal conviction for \"gross indecency\", imprisonment, and early death at age 46.\nWilde's parents were successful Anglo-Irish intellectuals in Dublin. A young Wilde learned to speak fluent French and German. At university, Wilde read Greats; he demonstrated himself to be an exceptional classicist, first at Trinity College Dublin, then at Oxford. He became associated with the emerging philosophy of aestheticism, led by two of his tutors, Walter Pater and John Ruskin. After university, Wilde moved to London into fashionable cultural and social circles.\nAs a spokesman for aestheticism, he tried his hand at various literary activities: he published a book of poems, lectured in the United States and Canada on the new \"English Renaissance in Art\" and interior decoration, and then returned to London where he worked prolifically as a journalist. Known for his biting wit, flamboyant dress and glittering conversational skill, Wilde became one of the best-known personalities of his day. At the turn of the 1890s, he refined his ideas about the supremacy of art in a series of dialogues and essays, and incorporated themes of decadence, duplicity, and beauty into what would be his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890). The opportunity to construct aesthetic details precisely, and combine them with larger social themes, drew Wilde to write drama. He wrote Salome (1891) in French while in Paris but it was refused a licence for England due to an absolute prohibition on the portrayal of Biblical subjects on the English stage. Unperturbed, Wilde produced four society comedies in the early 1890s, which made him one of the most successful playwrights of late-Victorian London.\nAt the height of his fame and success, while The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) was still being performed in London, Wilde had the Marquess of Queensberry prosecuted for criminal libel. The Marquess was the father of Wilde's lover, Lord Alfred Douglas. The libel trial unearthed evidence that caused Wilde to drop his charges and led to his own arrest and trial for gross indecency with men. After two more trials he was convicted and sentenced to two years' hard labour, the maximum penalty, and was jailed from 1895 to 1897. During his last year in prison, he wrote De Profundis (published posthumously in 1905), a long letter which discusses his spiritual journey through his trials, forming a dark counterpoint to his earlier philosophy of pleasure. On his release, he left immediately for France, never to return to Ireland or Britain. There he wrote his last work, The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898), a long poem commemorating the harsh rhythms of prison life.", "Q76820": "Carl Zuckmayer (27 December 1896 \u2013 18 January 1977) was a German writer and playwright. His older brother was the pedagogue, composer, conductor and pianist Eduard Zuckmayer.", "Q735": "Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative, conceptual ideas, or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power. Other activities related to the production of works of art include the criticism of art, the study of the history of art, and the aesthetic dissemination of art.\nThe three classical branches of art are painting, sculpture and architecture. Music, theatre, film, dance, and other performing arts, as well as literature and other media such as interactive media, are included in a broader definition of the arts. Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences. In modern usage after the 17th century, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, the fine arts are separated and distinguished from acquired skills in general, such as the decorative or applied arts.\nThough the definition of what constitutes art is disputed and has changed over time, general descriptions mention an idea of imaginative or technical skill stemming from human agency and creation. The nature of art and related concepts, such as creativity and interpretation, are explored in a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics.", "Q70289": "K\u00e4the Haack (11 August 1897 \u2013 5 May 1986) was a German stage and film actress. She appeared in more than 200 films and 30 television productions between 1915 and 1985.", "Q894953": "Boubacar Boris Diop (born 1946 in Dakar) is a Senegalese novelist, journalist and screenwriter. His best known work, Murambi, le livre des ossements (Murambi: The Book of Bones), is the fictional account of a notorious massacre during the Rwandan genocide of 1994. He is also the founder of Sol, an independent newspaper in Senegal, and the author of many books, political works, plays and screenplays. Doomi Golo (2006) is one of the only novels ever written in Wolof; it deals with the life of a Senegalese Wolof family. The book was published by Papyrus Afrique, Dakar.", "Q4718029": "Alejandro Yemenidjian (born 27 December 1955), also known as Alex Yemenidjian, is chairman of the board and CEO of Armenco Holdings, LLC.", "Q332952": "\u00dcberlingen is a German city on the northern shore of Lake Constance (Bodensee) near the border with Switzerland. After the city of Friedrichshafen, it is the second largest city in the Bodenseekreis (district), and a central point for the outlying communities. Since 1 January 1993, \u00dcberlingen has been categorized as a large district city (Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt).\n\n", "Q728525": "Hugo P. Hamilton (born Johannes \u00d3 hUrmoltaigh, 28 January 1953) is an Irish writer.\n\n", "Q92218": "Wigul\u00e4us Xaverius Aloysius Kreittmayr, since 1745 Freiherr von Kreittmayr (14 December 1705 \u2013 27 October 1790) was a Bavarian jurist and public official who served as head of the public administration (Wirklicher Geheimer Staatskanzler, state chancellor) of the Electorate of Bavaria since 1758.\nVon Kreittmayr's lasting work was as a legislator. A leading member of the Bavarian civil service since 1725, he drafted the Bavarian criminal code (1751), code of civil procedure (1753) and civil code (Codex Maximilianeus bavaricus civilis, 1756). His criminal code, which remained in force until 1813, reflected pre-Enlightenment Catholic views and proved inadequate after the second half of the 18th century. But his civil codifications lasted (although by then very dated) until 1869 and 1900 respectively. His extensive commentaries on Bavarian civil and public law are an important source of legal history and reflect von Kreittmayr's practical and realistic understanding of law.In 1958, the city of Munich commissioned a bronze statue of von Kreittmayr. But protests by human rights lawyers, who noted that von Kreittmayr's criminal code introduced torture in Bavaria just as other jurisdictions began to abolish it, prevented its installation. The statue was gifted to von Kreittmayr's home village of Offenstetten.", "Q846801": "Tetsuya Chikushi (Japanese: \u7b51\u7d2b \u54f2\u4e5f, Chikushi Tetsuya, 23 June 1935 \u2013 7 November 2008) was a Japanese journalist, TV presenter and news anchor.", "Q561837": "Mauricio Macri (Spanish pronunciation: [mau\u02c8\u027eisjo \u02c8mak\u027ei]; born 8 February 1959) is an Argentine businessman and politician who served as President of Argentina from 2015 to 2019. A civil engineer, Macri won the first presidential runoff ballotage in Argentina's history (the runoff system had been introduced in 1994) and is the first democratically-elected non-Radical or Peronist president since 1916. He also previously served as the chief of government of Buenos Aires from 2007 to 2015, and was a member of the Chamber of Deputies for Buenos Aires from 2005 to 2007.", "Q95577": "Katja Suding (born 30 December 1975, in Vechta) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP). She served as chairwoman of her party's parliamentary group in the Hamburgische B\u00fcrgerschaft from 2010 until 2017. Since the 2017 national elections, she has been a member of the German Bundestag.", "Q61390": "Salomon M\u00fcller (7 April 1804 \u2013 29 December 1864) was a German naturalist. He was born in Heidelberg, and died in Freiburg im Breisgau.\nM\u00fcller was the son of a saddler in Heidelberg. Along with Heinrich Boie and Heinrich Christian Macklot, he was sent by Coenraad Jacob Temminck to collect specimens in the East Indies. Here, he worked as an assistant for the Natuurkundige Commissie (Commission for Natural Sciences), an organization that he eventually became a member of.M\u00fcller arrived in Batavia in 1826, then journeyed to New Guinea and Timor in 1828 aboard the Triton. Beginning in October 1828, he remained at the port city of Kupang, penetrating the interior of Timor during the following year. In 1831 he was stationed in Java, and later explored western Sumatra from 1833 to 1835.", "Q516467": "Amedeo Benedetti (22 September 1954, in Fivizzano, Tuscany \u2013 18 April 2017) was an Italian scholar and writer.", "Q739428": "Milton is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States, and an affluent suburb of Boston. The population was 27,003 at the 2010 census. Milton is the birthplace of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush and architect Buckminster Fuller. In 2007, 2009, and 2011, Money magazine listed Milton as 7th, 5th, and 2nd, respectively, on its annual list of the \"Best Places to Live\" in the United States.Milton is located between the Neponset River and the Blue Hills. It is bordered by Boston's Dorchester and Mattapan neighborhoods to the north and its Hyde Park neighborhood to the west; Quincy to the east and south; Randolph to the south, and Canton to the west.", "Q4349": "James Michael Bennett (born February 9, 1996) is an American actor and musician. He is known for his roles as a child actor in Daddy Day Care, Hostage, The Amityville Horror, Poseidon, Evan Almighty, Orphan, Shorts, and as young James T. Kirk in the 2009 film Star Trek. He also starred on the ABC series No Ordinary Family as JJ Powell, a teenager gifted with vast intelligence after a plane crash.", "Q2369971": "Oak Hill Cemetery is a historic 22-acre (8.9 ha) cemetery located in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., in the United States. It was founded in 1848 and completed in 1853, and is a prime example of a rural cemetery. Many famous politicians, business people, military people, diplomats, and philanthropists are buried at Oak Hill, and the cemetery has a number of Victorian-style memorials and monuments. Oak Hill has two structures which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the Oak Hill Cemetery Chapel and the Van Ness Mausoleum.\nThe cemetery's interment of \"Willie\" Lincoln, deceased son of president Abraham Lincoln, was the inspiration for the Man Booker Prize-winning novel Lincoln in the Bardo by George Saunders.", "Q4830380": "Ernst Martin Axel Welin (10 November 1862 \u2013 27 July 1951), was a Swedish inventor and industrialist. He was married to Agnes Welin from 1889.\nAxel Welin studied at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm from 1879 to 1884. Between 1886 and 1888, Welin worked as a weapons designer for Thorsten Nordenfelt in London. In 1889 he started his own engineering firm, the Welin Davit & Engineering Company Ltd. He soon designed the famed Welin Breech. \nHowever, his main interest was davits. He invented a new and improved davit for lowering boats on board ship, a quadrant davit for double-banked boats which simply became known as the Welin davit. The RMS Titanic was equipped with Welin davits, and after the disaster the demand for his product skyrocketed. He was awarded the John Scott Medal of The Franklin Institute in 1911. He retired a wealthy man in 1932 and returned to Sweden.\nThe Welin Davit Company continues today as Welin Lambie, based at Brierley Hill in the West Midlands, UK.", "Q211621": "Andrea Veronica Fonseka is a Malaysian model, television presenter, actress and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Malaysia 2004. As an actress, she is currently working predominantly in Malaysia and Singapore. Since 2010, Fonseka has been working as the National Director for Miss Universe Malaysia.", "Q3426": "Voronezh (Russian: \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0436, IPA: [v\u0250\u02c8ron\u02b2\u026a\u0282]), also romanized as Vorone\u017e, is a city and the administrative center of Voronezh Oblast, Russia, straddling the Voronezh River and located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from where it flows into the Don. The city sits on the Southeastern Railway, which connects European Russia with the Urals and Siberia, the Caucasus and Ukraine, and the M4 highway (Moscow\u2013Voronezh\u2013Rostov-on-Don\u2013Novorossiysk). Its population in 2019 was estimated to be 1,054,111; up from 889,680 recorded in the 2010 Census; it is the thirteenth most populous city in the country.", "Q642930": "Murcof is the performing and recording name of Mexican electronica artist Fernando Corona.\nCorona was born in 1970 in Tijuana, Mexico and raised in Ensenada. He was for a time a member of the Tijuana-based Nortec Collective of electronic musicians under the Terrestre project name. In 2000 he returned to Tijuana. Since 2006 Corona lives in Barcelona, Spain.", "Q93106": "Helmut Theodor Schreyer (4 July 1912 \u2013 12 December 1984) was a German inventor. He is mostly known for his work on the Z3, one of the first computers.\nHelmut Schreyer was the son of the minister Paul Schreyer and Martha. When his father started to work in a parish in Mosbach, the young Schreyer went to a school there. He earned his Abitur in 1933. He then worked as an intern at AEG.\nSchreyer started to study electronic and telecommunications engineering at the Technical University of Berlin in 1934. He got to know Konrad Zuse in the fraternity AV Motiv in 1935 and then helped him to construct the computer Z1. In 1938 he earned his diploma and then worked as a graduate assistant at Prof. Wilhelm St\u00e4blein's institute. Schreyer belonged, together with Herbert Raabe (1909\u20132004), to the first assistants of Wilhelm St\u00e4blein, who had worked at AEG's research division until 1936. During WWII Schreyer was not drafted because his work was considered essential to the war effort. Schreyer e.g. worked on detection technology for unexploded ordnance. He then worked on the accelerometer for the V-2-rocket. Schreyer also worked on technology to convert the radar signal into an audio signal which the pilot of a fighter aircraft might recognize.\nHelmut Schreyer advised Konrad Zuse to use electrical circuit technology to implement computers, but he first considered it practically infeasible and then could not get the necessary funding. Up to 1942 Schreyer himself built an experimental model of a computer using 100 vacuum tubes, which was lost at the end of the war. Schreyer planned to build a computer memory for 1000 words in 1943, that was to contain several thousand electron tubes, but the course the war took put an end to all larger plans. In 1944 he built an electrical circuit to convert decimal to binary numbers.After the war Schreyer, who had been a member of the NSDAP, emigrated with his wife and daughter to Brazil where he became professor at the Instituto Militar de Engenharia in Rio de Janeiro.", "Q87173": "Heinrich Friedjung (January 18, 1851 \u2013 July 14, 1920) was an Austrian historian and journalist.\nFriedjung was born in Roschtin (Czech: Ro\u0161t\u00edn), Moravia (then, Austrian Empire; today, Czech Republic). The son of a Jewish family grew up in Vienna, and studied history in Prague and Berlin under Theodor Mommsen and Leopold von Ranke. He taught history and German language at the Commercial Academy (Handelsakademie) in Vienna from 1873 to 1879; he was then fired for criticizing the government.\nHe subsequently became active in politics, notably for his liberal and German-nationalistic views and support for the Greater German solution to the German question.\nFriedjung died in Vienna.", "Q215447": "Phillip Jack Brooks (born October 26, 1978), better known by the ring name CM Punk, is an American mixed martial artist and retired professional wrestler. He is currently signed to both the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he competes in the welterweight division, and to Cage Fury Fighting Championships (CFFC), where he works as a commentator. He also appears on the Fox Sports 1 series WWE Backstage as an analyst. He is perhaps best known for his time in WWE, where his 434-day WWE Championship reign stands as the longest of the 21st century and the sixth-longest in history.\nBrooks began his professional wrestling career on the American independent circuit, primarily with Ring of Honor (ROH) until signing with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) in 2005. During his 15-year career, he won the WWE Championship twice, WWE's World Heavyweight Championship three times, and the ECW and ROH World Championships once each. By winning WWE's World Tag Team Championship (with Kofi Kingston) and Intercontinental Championship, he became WWE's 19th Triple Crown Champion and the fastest to achieve this feat (203 days). He was voted WWE Superstar of the Year at the 2011 Slammy Awards and Wrestler of the Year in 2011 and 2012 by readers of Pro Wrestling Illustrated.\nBrooks has used the CM Punk moniker for his entire career, with his character consistently being portrayed as outspoken, confrontational, sharp-tongued, anti-establishment, straight edge, and iconoclastic. Most of the straight edge principles he portrayed are also his real life views. Depending on his alignment as a hero or villain, he emphasized different aspects of the straight edge culture to garner the desired audience reaction.After becoming disillusioned with WWE, Punk retired from professional wrestling in early 2014. He pursued a career in mixed martial arts and was signed by the UFC in December 2014. His first professional fight took place in September 2016 at UFC 203 against Mickey Gall, where he was defeated via submission in the first round. He lost his second bout to Mike Jackson via unanimous decision in June 2018 at UFC 225.", "Q8573": "Sun Yat-sen (; born Sun Wen; 12 November 1866 \u2013 12 March 1925) was a Chinese philosopher, physician, and politician, who served as the provisional first president of the Republic of China and the first leader of the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party of China). He is referred as the \"Father of the Nation\" in the Republic of China for his instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty during the Xinhai Revolution. Sun is unique among 20th-century Chinese leaders for being widely revered in both mainland China and Taiwan.After the success of the Xinhai Revolution (part of Anti-Qing Movements) in which Han Chinese regained power after 268 years of living under the Manchu Qing dynasty, he quickly resigned as President of the newly founded Republic of China and relinquished it to Yuan Shikai. He soon went to exile in Japan for safety but returned to found a revolutionary government in the South as a challenge to the warlords who controlled much of the nation. In 1923, he invited representatives of the Communist International to Canton to re-organize his party and formed a brittle alliance with the Chinese Communist Party. He did not live to see his party unify the country under his successor, Chiang Kai-shek in the Northern Expedition. He died in Beijing of gallbladder cancer on 12 March 1925.Sun's chief legacy is his political philosophy known as the Three Principles of the People: M\u00ednz\u00fa (\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9, M\u00ednz\u00fa Zh\u01d4y\u00ec) or nationalism (independence from foreign imperialist domination), M\u00ednqu\u00e1n (\u6c11\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9, M\u00ednqu\u00e1n Zh\u01d4y\u00ec) or \"rights of the people\" (sometimes translated as \"democracy\"), and M\u00ednsh\u0113ng (\u6c11\u751f\u4e3b\u7fa9, M\u00ednsh\u0113ng Zh\u01d4y\u00ec) or people's livelihood (sometimes translated as \"welfare\", or literally \"a scientific study of helping people to survive in the society,\" as he explained the difference between welfare and Karl Marx's socialism in his book).", "Q179257": "Timothy Zachary Mosley (born March 10, 1972), known professionally as Timbaland, is an American record producer, rapper, singer, songwriter and DJ.Timbaland's first full credit production work was in 1996 on Ginuwine...the Bachelor for R&B singer Ginuwine. After further work on Aaliyah's second studio album One in a Million (1996) and Missy Elliott's debut studio album Supa Dupa Fly (1997), Timbaland became a prominent producer for R&B and hip hop artists. As a rapper he initially released several albums with fellow rapper Magoo, followed by his debut solo album Tim's Bio in 1998. In 2002, Timbaland produced the hit single \"Cry Me a River\" for Justin Timberlake, going on to produce most of Timberlake's subsequent LPs such as FutureSex/LoveSounds and The 20/20 Experience and their respective hit singles. A Timbaland-owned imprint label, Mosley Music Group, featured artists such as Nelly Furtado, whose Timbaland-produced album Loose (2006) was a commercial and critical success. In 2007, Timbaland released a solo album, Shock Value, which was followed by Shock Value II in 2009.\nAside from the aforementioned artists, Timbaland's production credits from the 2000s forward include work with Jay-Z, Nas, Ludacris, Bubba Sparxxx, Madonna, Rihanna, OneRepublic, Brandy, Drake, Rick Ross and others. As a songwriter, he has written 85 UK hits and 99 hits Stateside, as of 2014. Timbaland has received widespread acclaim for his production style. In 2007, Entertainment Weekly stated that \"just about every current pop trend can be traced back to him \u2014 from sultry, urban-edged R&B songstresses ... to the art of incorporating avant-garde sounds into No. 1 hits.\"", "Q1084691": "Christoph Caskel (b. 12 January 1932) is a German percussionist and teacher.", "Q3770326": "Giuseppe Ciribini (20 January 1913 \u2013 24 July 1990) was an Italian engineer and professor, considered the father of the discipline of architectural technology in Italy.\n\n", "Q235797": "AnnaLynne McCord (born July 16, 1987) is an American actress, activist and model. Known for playing vixen-type roles, McCord first gained prominence in 2007 as the scheming Eden Lord on the FX television series Nip/Tuck, and as the pampered Loren Wakefield on the MyNetworkTV telenovela American Heiress.\nIn 2008, she was cast in The CW series 90210, portraying antiheroine Naomi Clark. Initially, the part of Clark was conceived as a supporting role. However, by the end of the first season, media outlets had begun referring to McCord as the series' lead. For the role of Naomi Clark, she was nominated for a Teen Choice Award and received the Hollywood Life Young Hollywood Superstar of Tomorrow award in 2009. In 2010, she won a Breakthrough of the Year Award in the category of \"Breakthrough Standout Performance\".\nApart from acting, she has also contributed to charities in her free time. In 2009, she was labeled by the Look to the Stars organization as \"one of the strongest young female philanthropists standing up in Hollywood and fighting for the charities she believes in.\" In 2011, she was nominated for VH1's \"Do Something\" Award in the category of \"TV Star\". Her turn as a disturbed and delusional teenager in the 2012 film Excision was widely acclaimed. For her role in Excision, McCord won \"Best Actress\" at the Malaga International Week of Fantastic Cinema in 2012. Also for her role in Excision, she earned second place for \"Best Actress\" at the Fangoria Chainsaw Awards in 2013.", "Q483118": "Benjamin G\u00e9za Affleck-Boldt (born August 15, 1972) is an American actor and filmmaker. His accolades include two Academy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards. He began his career as a child when he starred in the PBS educational series The Voyage of the Mimi (1984, 1988). He later appeared in the independent coming-of-age comedy Dazed and Confused (1993) and various Kevin Smith films, including Mallrats (1995), Chasing Amy (1997) and Dogma (1999). Affleck gained wider recognition when he and childhood friend Matt Damon won the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for writing Good Will Hunting (1997), which they also starred in. He then established himself as a leading man in studio films, including the disaster film Armageddon (1998), the war drama Pearl Harbor (2001), and the thrillers The Sum of All Fears and Changing Lanes (both 2002).\nAfter a career downturn, during which he appeared in Daredevil and Gigli (both 2003), Affleck received a Golden Globe nomination for his performance in the noir biopic Hollywoodland (2006). His directorial debut, Gone Baby Gone (2007), which he also co-wrote, was well received. He then directed, co-wrote and starred in the crime drama The Town (2010) and directed and starred in the political thriller Argo (2012). For the latter, Affleck won the Golden Globe and BAFTA Award for Best Director, and the Golden Globe, BAFTA, and Academy Award for Best Picture. He starred in the psychological thriller Gone Girl (2014), in the superhero films Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) and Justice League (2017), and in the action thrillers The Accountant (2016) and Triple Frontier (2019). He received praise for his performance in the sports drama The Way Back (2020).\nAffleck is the co-founder of the Eastern Congo Initiative, a grantmaking and advocacy-based nonprofit organization. He is also a stalwart supporter of the Democratic Party. Affleck and Damon are co-owners of the production company Pearl Street Films.", "Q289108": "Margaret Eleanor Whiting (July 22, 1924 \u2013 January 10, 2011) was an American popular music and country music singer who gained popularity in the 1940s and 1950s.", "Q967165": "The University of York (abbreviated as Ebor or York for post-nominals) is a collegiate research university, located in the city of York, England. Established in 1963, the university has expanded to more than thirty departments and centres, covering a wide range of subjects.\nSituated to the south-east of the city of York, the university campus is about 500 acres (200 hectares) in size. The original campus, Campus West, incorporates the York Science Park and the National Science Learning Centre, and its wildlife, campus lakes and greenery are prominent. In May 2007 the university was granted permission to build an extension to its main campus, on arable land just east of the nearby village of Heslington. The second campus, Campus East, opened in 2009 and now hosts three colleges and three departments as well as conference spaces, a sports village and a business start-up 'incubator'. The institution also leases King's Manor in York city centre. The university had a total income of \u00a3331.4 million in 2016/17, of which \u00a366.0 million was from research grants and contracts.York is a collegiate university and every student is allocated to one of the university's nine colleges. The ninth college was founded in 2014 and was named Constantine after the Roman emperor Constantine I, who was proclaimed Augustus in York in 306 AD. There are plans to build two new colleges in the near future.In 2012, York joined the Russell Group of research-intensive British universities. It was ranked joint 12th in the UK amongst multi-faculty institutions for the quality (GPA) of its research and 24th for its Research Power in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework. The 2019 national ranking of York is 12th by The Guardian and 22nd by The Times and in 2020 it was ranked 30th by The Complete University Guide; internationally it ranked 134th (QS), 119th (THE) and between 301-400 (ARWU) for 2019, and 128th (CWTS) for 2018 (see below).", "Q91711": "Ferdinand von Hansemann (1861-1900) was a Prussian landlord and politician, co-founder of the German Eastern Marches Society.\nHansemann was born to Adolf von Hansemann, a notable Prussian industrialist and manager of the Disconto-Gesellschaft, a large financial holding. Since early youth Hansemann was a member of various German nationalist organizations. As an owner of a large estate of Pempowo (P\u0119powo) in the Province of Posen, he was also interested in Polish affairs. Thanks to his father's connections, in 1894 he entered in contact with Otto von Bismarck, who supported the creation of a new, all-German nationalist organization that would unite all Germans interested in strengthening the German spirit and property in Polish-inhabited areas.\nAs one of its founders, in 1894 Hansemann was elected to the board of the newly established German Eastern Marches Society, a post he held until his death. As one of the closest associates and supporters of Heinrich von Tiedemann, von Hansemann was also active in other branches of the organization, notably holding the post of the editor in chief of the Die Ostmark monthly.", "Q116690": "Baron Arthur Pavlovich von Mohrenheim (8 June 1824 \u2013 19 October 1906; Russian: \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0435\u0439\u043c) was a diplomat of the Russian Empire who served as ambassador to France from 1884 to 1897 and played a leading role in arranging the Franco-Russian Alliance. He was born on 8 June [O.S. 27 May] 1824 in Moscow to a noble family from the Grodno Governorate (modern Belarus) in 1824, and after studying at Imperial Moscow University he joined the Foreign Ministry in 1845. He served in the embassies in Vienna (1851\u20131856) and Berlin (1858\u20131867) before being appointed minister to Denmark in 1867. In 1882 he was named ambassador to the United Kingdom, where he served for two years before moving to France as ambassador in 1884. He was consistently committed to establishing a Franco-Russian pact, and directed the embassy in Paris towards that end. After over a decade in the post, Mohrenheim retired in 1897 and was appointed to the Russian State Council. He died in the Pyrenees at Pau on 19 October [O.S. 6 October] 1906.Mohrenheim was awarded the Orders of Saint Alexander Nevsky, the White Eagle, Saint Anna (1st class), and Saint Stanislaus (1st class).", "Q296028": "Alfred Molina (born 24 May 1953) is an English\u2013American actor and voice artist. He is known for his roles in Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), Prick Up Your Ears (1987), Enchanted April (1992), Maverick (1994), Species (1995), Boogie Nights (1997), Chocolat (2000), Frida (2002), Luther (2003), Spider-Man 2 (2004), The Da Vinci Code (2006), An Education (2009), and Love Is Strange (2014). He has voiced characters in Rango (2011), Monsters University (2013), Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018), and Frozen II (2019).\nMolina rose to prominence in the West End, earning a Laurence Olivier Award for Best Newcomer in a Play nomination for his performance in the production of Oklahoma! in 1980. He made his Broadway debut as Yvan in a production of Art from 1998 to 1999. His other Broadway roles include Tevye in the musical Fiddler on the Roof from 2004 to 2005 and Mark Rothko in the play Red from 2009 to 2010.\nFor his portrayal of Robert Aldrich in the FX anthology television series Feud (2017), Molina was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and a Primetime Emmy Award.\n\n", "Q45226": "Alf Poier (born 22 February 1967 in Judenburg, Styria) is an Austrian artist and stand-up comedian.\nBorn in Judenburg in Styria, he started doing cabaret in 1995 in Graz, and has won several prizes for his work, including the Salzburger Stier in 1998, the Deutscher Kleinkunstpreis, Prix Phanteon, German Comedy Awards (Best Newcomer) in 2000, the Austrian \u00d6sterreichischer Kabarettpreis in 2002 and the Austrian Ybbsiade in 2009.\nIn 2003, Poier participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 and secured 6th place with his entry Weil der Mensch z\u00e4hlt (\"Man is The Measure Of All Things\"). The song, and his stage act, were a parody of the contest's excesses.\nAlthough his result was considerably better than most of the pre-contest predictions, Poier spent several hours mischievously telling anyone that would listen that his 'low' placing was an outrage, that Europe had demonstrably shown itself to have no musical taste, and that he wasn't sure if the shame would permit him to return to Austria. This included an appearance on Liquid Eurovision, shown on the UK channel BBC Three immediately after the 2003 contest ended, where after saying the above he shouted \"I hate this contest! Fuck this contest!\", causing much laughter from the presenters.\nIn 2005, his bid to represent Austria in the contest for a second time put him in the spotlight for more serious reasons, as some people took offence at the lyrics of one of his songs, Good Old Europe is Dying. Having deleted the offending lines, albeit while insisting they had been misinterpreted, Poier took the characteristically 'oddball' song to the brink of securing the Austrian national selection, only to be \"narrowly\" beaten by folk band Global Kryner. In the end, he arguably only missed out because, in Y asi, Global Kryner had somehow succeeded in crafting a song that is even more colourful than anything Poier has yet attempted, featuring as it does Latin-style music liberally peppered with bouts of yodelling. Nevertheless, Poier was able to - very loudly - claim a moral victory after it emerged that his song had actually garnered the most votes (2nd place with 106.000 for Poier, 1st place with 60.000 for Global Kryner), and had only been thwarted by the regional points system that was used.\nAlf Poiers statement after the show:\n\n\"Wer auf dieser Welt Gerechtigkeit fordert ist ein Idiot!\nWer auf dieser Welt Verst\u00e4ndnis fordert ist geistesgest\u00f6rt!\nIch danke Euch allen im Namen der Wahrheit!\nAlf Poier Platz 2 mit 106.000 Stimmen\nGlobal Kryner Platz 1 mit 60.000 StimmenEuer geistesgest\u00f6rter Idiot Alf Poier\"\"Who demands justice in this world is an idiot!\nWho demands understanding in this world suffers on mental disorder!\nI thank you all in the name of truth!\nAlf Poier, 2nd place with 106.000 votes\nGlobal Kryner, 1st place with 60.000 votesYour mental disordered idiot, Alf Poier\"", "Q170515": "Omar Sharif (Arabic: \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u200e Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0295om\u0251\u027e e\u0283\u0283\u026a\u02c8\u027ei\u02d0f]; born Michel Dimitri Chalhoub [mi\u02c8\u0283el d\u026a\u02c8mit\u027ei \u0283\u00e6l\u02c8hu\u02d0b], 10 April 1932 \u2013 10 July 2015) was an Egyptian film and television actor. He began his career in his native country in the 1950s, but is best known for his appearances in both British and American productions. His films included Lawrence of Arabia (1962), Doctor Zhivago (1965), and Funny Girl (1968). He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Lawrence of Arabia. He won three Golden Globe Awards and a C\u00e9sar Award.\nSharif, who spoke Arabic, English, French, Spanish and Italian fluently, was often cast as a foreigner of some sort. He bridled at travel restrictions imposed by the government of Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, leading to self-exile in Europe. He was a lifelong horse racing enthusiast, and at one time ranked among the world's top contract bridge players.", "Q349338": "Niclas Kindvall (born 19 February 1967 in Rotterdam) is a Swedish former footballer who played as a striker. He is the son of Ove Kindvall and brother of Tina Kindvall.", "Q91077": "Franz Seitz Jr. (22 October 1921 \u2013 19 January 2006) was a German film producer, screenwriter and film director. He produced 74 films between 1951 and 2006. He was a member of the jury at the 16th Berlin International Film Festival.His 1982 film Doctor Faustus was entered into the 13th Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Silver Prize. In 1983 he was a member of the jury at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival. In 1991 his film Success was entered into the 41st Berlin International Film Festival. In 1997 he won the Berlinale Camera award at the 47th Berlin International Film Festival.His father, Franz Seitz Sr. was also a film director.", "Q213750": "Richard Beer-Hofmann (11 July 1866 in Vienna \u2013 26 September 1945 in New York City) was an Austrian dramatist and poet.\nBeer-Hofmann was born to Jewish parents. His mother died within a week of his birth and after her death, he was adopted and reared by his uncle and his aunt, Bertha and Alois Hofmann. He spent his early childhood in Br\u00fcnn (Brno, Czech Republic), where Alois Hofmann owned a textile factory. In 1880 the family moved to Vienna and Richard Beer-Hofmann finished his schooling at the Akademisches Gymnasium. In the 1880s he studied law in Vienna, receiving his doctorate in 1890. In the same year of his graduation, he became acquainted with the writers Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Hermann Bahr and Arthur Schnitzler, with whom he shared a long friendship and membership in the Junge Wien (Young Vienna) literary movement. He consequently began his literary activities as a freelance writer.\nBeer-Hofmann married Paula Lissy in 1897. Their daughter Miriam Beer-Hofmann Lens was born in the same year.\nAt first Beer-Hofmann wrote novellas, later moving on to short stories and poetry. In the 1920s he worked as a theatre director for Max Reinhardt, a role which continued until 1932. In 1939 Beer-Hofmann emigrated from Austria, and traveled to New York via Zurich. His wife, Paula, died in Switzerland. Subsequently, his works were banned in Austria and Germany. In 1945 he became a United States citizen, but died that same year.\nBeer-Hofmann's literary output consists primarily of novellas, dramas, and poems. It can be considered part of the literary current of the Wiener Moderne. Beer-Hofmann received several notable literary awards, including the Volksschillerpreis in 1905 in Germany and the award of the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1945 in the United States. One year after his death the Beer-Hofmann Society was created in New York.\nRichard Beer-Hofmann's as well as his daughter's papers can be found in the Leo Baeck Institute Archives. In addition to the Richard Beer-Hofmann Collection (AR 745) and the Miriam Beer-Hofmann Lens Collection (AR 7258), there is a research collection (AR 25593) of the literary historian Richard M. Sheirich's papers at the Leo Baeck Archive. Sheirich's collection sheds light on Beer-Hofmann's preparation for discussing Jewish topics in his works as well as his daughter's efforts to keep her father's as one of the most important modern literary author's memory.", "Q2578399": "Forrest Edward Mars Sr. (March 21, 1904 \u2013 July 1, 1999) was an American businessman and the driving force of the Mars candy empire. He is best known for introducing Milky Way (1923) and Mars (1932) chocolate candy bars, and M&M's (1941) chocolate candy, as well as orchestrating the launch of Uncle Ben's Rice. He was the son of candy company Mars, Inc. founder Frank C. Mars and his first wife Ethel G. Mars (n\u00e9e Kissack).", "Q753829": "Bijelo Dugme (trans. White Button) was a Bosnian and former Yugoslav rock New wave band, based in Sarajevo. Bijelo Dugme is widely considered to have been the most popular band ever to exist in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and one of the most important acts of the Yugoslav rock scene.\nBijelo Dugme was officially formed in 1974, although the members of the default lineup, guitarist Goran Bregovi\u0107, vocalist \u017deljko Bebek, drummer Ipe Ivandi\u0107, keyboardist Vlado Pravdi\u0107 and bass guitarist Zoran Red\u017ei\u0107, were previously active under the name Jutro. The band's debut album Kad bi bio bijelo dugme, released in 1974, brought them nationwide popularity with its Balkan folk-influenced hard rock sound. The band's future several releases, featuring similar sound, maintained their huge popularity, described by the media as \"Dugmemania\", and the band's work, especially their symphonic ballads with poetic lyrics, was also widely praised by the critics. In the early 1980s, with the emergence of Yugoslav new wave scene, the band moved towards new wave, managing to remain one of the most popular bands in the country. After the departure of Bebek in 1983, the band was joined by vocalist Mladen Voji\u010di\u0107 \"Tifa\", with whom the band recorded only one, self-titled album. The band's last vocalist, Alen Islamovi\u0107, joined the band in 1986, and with him Bijelo Dugme recorded two albums, disbanding, with the rising tensions in Yugoslavia, in 1989. In 2005, the band reunited in the lineup that featured most of the musicians that passed through the band, including all three vocalists, for three concerts, in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Zagreb, Croatia and in Belgrade, Serbia.", "Q32910": "Domino is a 2005 action crime film directed by Tony Scott with a screenplay by Richard Kelly from a story by Kelly and Steve Barancik. An international co-production between France, the United States, and the United Kingdom, the film is inspired by Domino Harvey, the English daughter of stage and screen actor Laurence Harvey, who became a Los Angeles bounty hunter. Its plot flashes back as Domino (Keira Knightley), fashion model turned bounty hunter, narrates how a $10 million robbery came about 36 hours before. Supporting actors include Mickey Rourke, Edgar Ramirez, Delroy Lindo and Mo'Nique. The film is dedicated to Harvey, who died at age 35 from an overdose of fentanyl on June 27, 2005, a few months before the film was released.", "Q44886": "Andr\u00e9 Armand Vingt-Trois (pronounced [and\u0281e a\u0281m\u0251\u0303 v\u025b\u0303t.t\u0281wa]; born 7 November 1942) is a French cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Paris from 2005 to 2017, having previously served as Archbishop of Tours from 1999 to 2005. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 2007.", "Q55753": "Shanta Janardan Shelke (Marathi: \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093e \u0936\u0947\u0933\u0915\u0947) (12 October 1922 \u2013 6 June 2002) was a Marathi poet and writer in the Marathi language. She was also a noted journalist, and academic. Her work included song compositions, stories, translations, and children's literature. She presided over many literary gatherings.\nSome of her compositions were noted either as stand-alone poetic works or as songs sung by Marathi greats like Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosale and Kishori Amonkar, to name a few. Her pen name was Vasant Avsare.", "Q327387": "Jess Thomas (August 4, 1927 \u2013 October 11, 1993) was an American operatic tenor, best known for his Wagner singing.", "Q131549": "Claude Simon (French: [sim\u0254\u0303]; 10 October 1913 \u2013 6 July 2005) was a French novelist and critic, and the 1985 Nobel Laureate in Literature.", "Q160060": "The King's Speech is a 2010 historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939.\nSeidler read about George VI's life after overcoming a stuttering condition he endured during his own youth. He started writing about the relationship between the therapist and his royal patient as early as the 1980s, but at the request of the King's widow, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, postponed work until her death in 2002. He later rewrote his screenplay for the stage to focus on the essential relationship between the two protagonists. Nine weeks before filming began, Logue's notebooks were discovered and quotations from them were incorporated into the script.\nPrincipal photography took place in London and around Britain from November 2009 to January 2010. Hard light was used to give the story a greater resonance and wider than normal lenses were employed to recreate the Duke of York's feelings of constriction. A third technique Hooper employed was the off-centre framing of characters.\nThe King's Speech was a major box office and critical success. It was widely praised by film critics for its visual style, art direction, screenplay, directing, score, and acting. Other commentators discussed the film's representation of historical detail, especially the reversal of Winston Churchill's opposition to abdication. The film received many awards and nominations, particularly for Colin Firth's performance, which resulted in his first Oscar win for Best Actor. At the 83rd Academy Awards, The King's Speech received 12 Oscar nominations, more than any other film in that year, and subsequently won four, including Best Picture. Censors initially gave it adult ratings due to profanity, though these were later revised downwards after criticism by the makers and distributors in the UK and some instances of swearing were muted in the US. On a budget of \u00a38 million, it earned over \u00a3250 million ($400 million) internationally.", "Q723316": "Nikolay Karlovich Svanidze (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0434\u0437\u0435, born 2 April 1955 in Moscow) is a Russian TV and radio host and member of the Public Chamber of Russia.", "Q438956": "Carolee Carmello (born as Carolee Ann Carmello on September 1, 1962, in Albany, New York) is an American actress best known for her performances in Broadway musicals and for playing the role of Maple LaMarsh on the series Remember WENN (1996\u20131998). She is a three-time Tony Award nominee and a 5-time Drama Desk nominee, winning the 1999 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical for her role in Parade.", "Q203543": "Room 13 (German: Zimmer 13) is a 1964 thriller film directed by Harald Reinl and starring Joachim Fuchsberger, Karin Dor and Richard H\u00e4ussler. It was made as a co-production between West Germany, France and Denmark, based on the 1924 novel Room 13 by Edgar Wallace. It was part of a long-running German series of Wallace adaptations made by Rialto Film.\nThe film's sets were designed by the art directors Walter Kutz and Wilhelm Vorwerg. It was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin and on location in Copenhagen.", "Q1480166": "A kabushiki gaisha (Japanese: \u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e, pronounced [kab\u026f\u0255i\u0325ki \u0261a\ua71ci\u0255a]; literally \"share company\") or kabushiki kaisha, commonly abbreviated KK, is a type of company (\u4f1a\u793e, kaisha) defined under the Companies Act of Japan. The term is often translated as \"stock company\", \"joint-stock company\" or \"stock corporation\".", "Q213988": "Skogskyrkog\u00e5rden (pronounced [\u02c8sk\u00fb\u02d0\u0261s\u0255\u028frk\u028a\u02cc\u0261o\u02d0\u0256\u025bn]; Swedish for '\"The Woodland Cemetery\"') is a cemetery located in the Gamla Enskede district south of central Stockholm, Sweden. Its design, by Gunnar Asplund and Sigurd Lewerentz, reflects the development of architecture from Nordic Classicism to mature functionalism.", "Q110587": "The Royal Irish Academy (RIA; Irish: Acadamh R\u00edoga na h\u00c9ireann), based in Dublin, is an all-Ireland, independent academic body that promotes study and excellence in the sciences, humanities and social sciences. It is one of Ireland's premier learned societies and cultural institutions. As of 2019 the RIA has around 600 members, regular members being Irish residents elected in recognition of their academic achievements, and Honorary Members similarly qualified but based abroad; a small number of members are elected in recognition of non-academic contributions to society. The Academy was established in 1785 and granted a royal charter in 1786.\n\nUntil the late 19th century the Royal Irish Academy was also the owner of the main national collection of Irish antiquities. It presented its collection of archaeological artefacts and similar items, which included such famous pieces as the Tara Brooch, the Cross of Cong and the Ardagh Chalice to what is now the National Museum of Ireland, but retains its very significant collection of manuscripts including the famous Cathach of Colmcille, the Lebor na hUidre (c. 1100), the later medieval Leabhar Breac, the Book of Ballymote, and the Annals of the Four Masters.", "Q319269": "Richard Allen Garriott de Cayeux (n\u00e9 Garriott; born July 4, 1961) is an English-American video-game developer and entrepreneur. Garriott, who is the son of NASA astronaut Owen Garriott, was originally a game designer and programmer, and is now involved in a number of aspects of computer-game development. On October 12, 2008, Richard flew aboard the Soyuz TMA-13 mission to the International Space Station as a private astronaut, returning 12 days later aboard Soyuz TMA-12. He became the second astronaut, and first from the U.S., to have a parent who was also a space traveler.\nGarriott founded the video game development company Portalarium in 2009. He is currently CEO and creative director of Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues.", "Q88526": "Philip Deidesheimer was a mining engineer in the Western United States.\nDeidesheimer was born in Darmstadt, Hesse in 1832 before German unification. He attended the prestigious Freiberg University of Mining (Technische Universit\u00e4t Bergakademie Freiberg) and emigrated to California in 1852. He died on 21 July 1916 in San Francisco, California.", "Q137138": "Louis-Roch-Hector Fabre, CMG (August 9, 1834 \u2013 September 2, 1910) was a French Canadian lawyer, journalist, diplomat, and senator.\nHe was appointed to the Senate of Canada on 5 February 1875 on the recommendation of Alexander Mackenzie. Sitting as a Nationalist, he represented the senatorial division of La Salle, Quebec until his resignation on 12 July 1882.\nFollowing his resignation from the Senate, Fabre was appointed Canada's first General Agent in Paris, a position he would occupy until his death in 1910. This appointment marked one of the first diplomatic postings in Canadian history.\nIn 1886, he was created a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George.\nThe Fabres had one son, Paul Fabre (1867\u20131902), who accompanied his parents to Paris. \nHe was appointed editorial secretary of the journal Paris-Canada in February 1892 and editor two years later.\nHis health was poor, and he died in 1910 at the age of 70.", "Q157814": "Sir Simon Denis Rattle (born 19 January 1955) is a British conductor. He rose to international prominence during the 1980s and 1990s, while Music Director of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra (1980\u201398). Rattle was principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic from 2002 to 2018.\nIt was announced in March 2015 that Rattle would become Music Director of the London Symphony Orchestra from September 2017.\nAs a passionate supporter of music education, Rattle is also the patron of Birmingham Schools' Symphony Orchestra, arranged during his tenure with CBSO in mid 1990s. The Youth Orchestra is now under the auspices of charitable business Services for Education.Rattle received the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music in 2001 at the Classic Brit Awards.", "Q1931654": "Richard George Fari\u00f1a (March 8, 1937 \u2013 April 30, 1966) was an American folksinger, songwriter, poet and novelist.", "Q1351000": "Jean Marcel Lefebvre (October 3, 1919 in Valenciennes, Nord, France \u2013 July 9, 2004 in Marrakesh, Morocco) was a French film actor.\nHis erratic studies were interrupted by World War II. Taken prisoner and then requisitioned as a laborer, he escaped to join his family evacuated near Ch\u00e2teauroux and Neuvy-Saint-S\u00e9pulcre. He was a tram driver time in Limoges and seller of underwear. At the end of the war he returned to his home, in his house in Valenciennes, where he worked briefly for his father, and then entered the Conservatoire in Paris in 1948.", "Q124622": "Peter Michael Tauber (born 22 August 1974) is a German politician of the CDU party serving since 2009 as a member of the Bundestag. From 16 December 2013 to 26 February 2018 he served as Secretary General of the CDU.", "Q41726": "Freemasonry or Masonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons that from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. \nModern Freemasonry broadly consists of two main recognition groups.\n\nRegular Freemasonry insists that a volume of scripture be open in a working lodge, that every member profess belief in a Supreme Being, that no women be admitted (although, in some jurisdictions, those who transition to women after being initiated may stay; see below), and that the discussion of religion and politics be banned.Continental Freemasonry is now the general term for the jurisdictions which have removed some, or all, of these restrictions.Freemasonry has been subject to numerous conspiracy theories throughout the years.The basic, local organisational unit of Freemasonry is the Lodge. These private Lodges are usually supervised at the regional level (usually coterminous with either a state, province, or national border) by a Grand Lodge or Grand Orient. There is no international, worldwide Grand Lodge that supervises all of Freemasonry; each Grand Lodge is independent, and they do not necessarily recognise each other as being legitimate.\nThe degrees of Freemasonry retain the three grades of medieval craft guilds, those of Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason. The candidate of these three degrees is progressively taught the meanings of the symbols of Freemasonry, and entrusted with grips, signs and words to signify to other members that he has been so initiated. The degrees are part allegorical morality play and part lecture. Three degrees are offered by Craft (or Blue Lodge) Freemasonry, and members of any of these degrees are known as Freemasons or Masons. There are additional degrees, which vary with locality and jurisdiction, and are usually administered by their own bodies (separate from those who administer the Craft degrees).", "Q95211": "Gerhard \"Gad\" Beck (30 June 1923 \u2013 24 June 2012) was an Israeli-German educator, author, activist, resistance member, and survivor of the Holocaust.", "Q1410213": "The Reissend Nollen is a mountain peak of the Urner Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Obwalden and Bern. It lies on the range west of the Titlis, between Engelberg and Gadmen.", "Q85002": "Ada Christen, also known as Ada Carla, Christiane von Breden, Christine von Neupauer, and Satanella (6 March 1839 \u2013 19 May 1901), was an Austrian writer.", "Q66399": "H\u00e4rkingen is a municipality in the district of G\u00e4u in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q727170": "Enric Prat de la Riba i Sarr\u00e0 (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0259n\u02c8rik \u02c8p\u027ead d\u0259 l\u0259 \u02c8ri\u03b2\u0259]; 29 November 1870 \u2013 1 August 1917) was a Catalan politician, lawyer and writer. He was a member of the Centre Escolar Catalanista, where one of the earliest definitions of Catalan nationalism was formulated. He became the first President of the Commonwealth of Catalonia on 6 April 1914 and retained this office until his death. He wrote the book and political manifesto La nacionalitat catalana in which greater autonomy to Catalonia was advocated. He died in 1917 and is interred in the Montju\u00efc Cemetery in Barcelona.\n\n", "Q623464": "Bad K\u00f6tzting (before 2005: K\u00f6tzting) is a town in the district of Cham, in Bavaria, Germany, near the Czech border. It is situated in the Bavarian Forest, 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Cham.", "Q1189389": "Chris Mulkey (born May 3, 1948) is an American film and television actor.", "Q213778": "Karl Friedrich Bahrdt (August 25, 1741 \u2013 April 23, 1792), also spelled Carl Friedrich Bahrdt, was an unorthodox German Protestant biblical scholar, theologian, and polemicist. Controversial during his day, he is sometimes considered an \"enfant terrible\" and one of the most immoral characters in German learning.", "Q34391": "Adelheid Popp (11 February 1869 \u2013 7 March 1939) was an Austrian feminist and socialist who worked as a journalist and politician.", "Q121772": "Gallus Jacob Baumgartner (18 October 1797 in Altst\u00e4tten, Switzerland \u2013 12 July 1869 at St. Gall) was a Swiss statesman and prominent federalist.", "Q505433": "Waldshut-Tiengen is a city in southwestern Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg right at the Swiss border. It is the district seat and at the same time the biggest city in Waldshut district and a \"middle centre\" in the area of the \"high centre\" L\u00f6rrach/Weil am Rhein to whose middle area most towns and communities in Waldshut district belong (with the exception of seven communities that belong to Bad S\u00e4ckingen's area). There are furthermore complexities arising from cross-border traffic between this area and the Swiss cantons of Aargau, Schaffhausen and Z\u00fcrich. This classification relates to Walter Christaller's Central Place Theory, however, and not to any official administrative scheme.\nThe city, which was newly created in the framework of the 1975 municipal reform, at that time passed the 20,000 mark in population. City council then applied to have the city raised to Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt, which the government of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg granted on 1 July 1976. Waldshut-Tiengen is also in an \"administrative community\" (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) with the communities of Dogern, Lauchringen and Weilheim.", "Q1374280": "James Pierson Beckwourth, born James Beckwith and generally known as, Jim Beckwourth (April 26, 1798 or 1800 \u2013 October 29, 1866 or 1867) was an American mountain man, fur trader, and explorer. James was also famously known as \"Bloody Arm\" because of his skill as a fighter. He was mixed-race and born into slavery in Virginia. He was freed by his white father (and master), and apprenticed to a blacksmith so that he could learn a trade. \nAs a young man, Beckwourth moved to the American West, first making connections with fur traders in St. Louis, Missouri. As a fur trapper, he lived with the Crow Nation for years. He is credited with the discovery of Beckwourth Pass, through the Sierra Nevada (U.S.) Mountains, between present-day Reno, Nevada, and Portola, California, during the California Gold Rush years. He improved the Beckwourth Trail, which thousands of settlers followed to central California.\nThe trapper narrated his life story to Thomas D. Bonner, an itinerant justice of the peace. The book was published in New York City and London in 1856 as The Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth: Mountaineer, Scout and Pioneer, and Chief of the Crow Nation of Indians. A translation was published in France in 1860.Early historians of the Old West originally considered the book little more than campfire lore. It has since been reassessed as a valuable source of social history, especially for life among the Crow, although not all its details are reliable or accurate. The civil rights movement of the 1960s celebrated Beckwourth as an early African-American pioneer. He has since been featured as a role model in children's literature and textbooks.", "Q96730": "Hans Krieger (born 13 March 1933) is a German writer, essayist, journalist of influential weekly papers such as Die Zeit, broadcaster and poet. He lives and works in Munich.", "Q359665": "David Edward Williams (born 20 August 1971) is an English comedian, actor, writer, and television personality. He is best known for his partnership with Matt Lucas on the BBC sketch comedy series Rock Profile (1999\u20132000, 2009), Little Britain (2003\u20132007), and Come Fly With Me (2010-2011). Since 2012, Walliams has been a judge on the television talent show competition Britain's Got Talent on ITV. He is also a writer of children's books, having sold more than 25 million copies worldwide.\nWalliams played the role of Greville White in the Stephen Poliakoff film Capturing Mary (2007). He wrote and starred in two series of the BBC One sitcom Big School (2013\u20132014), playing the role of chemistry teacher Keith Church. In 2015, Walliams starred as Tommy Beresford in the BBC series Partners in Crime, and wrote and starred in his own sketch comedy series Walliams & Friend.\nWalliams began writing children's novels in 2008 after securing a contract with the publisher HarperCollins. His books have been translated into 53 languages, and he has been described as \"the fastest growing children's author in the UK\", with a literary style compared to that of Roald Dahl. Some of his books have been adapted into television films. Walliams was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to charity and the arts. His charity work includes swimming the English Channel, Strait of Gibraltar and River Thames, raising millions of pounds for the BBC charity Sport Relief.\n\n", "Q99403": "Stephan M\u00f6gle-Stadel, born 21 December 1965, is a German educator, journalist and book writer.\nTogether with Troy Davis, he is the chairman of a world citizenship group, of which he is the Founder and President and the author of the 'Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld: Vision einer Menschheitsethik' (Vision from a Human Ethic).", "Q2615867": "Daniel Adams Butterfield (October 31, 1831 \u2013 July 17, 1901) was a New York businessman, a Union General in the American Civil War, and Assistant U.S. Treasurer.\nAfter working for American Express, co-founded by his father, Butterfield served in the Civil War, where he was soon promoted brigadier general, and wounded at Gaines' Mill. While recuperating, he either wrote or re-wrote a popular bugle-call for burials, called Taps. He commanded a division at Fredericksburg, and then became Hooker's chief of staff, sharing both the credit for improved morale and responsibility for the licentious behaviour that Hooker tolerated in camp. He also became embroiled in Hooker\u2019s political feuds with Burnside and Meade. Wounded at Gettysburg, he served in Sherman\u2019s Atlanta campaign, before retiring from front-line service through illness. He later received the Medal of Honor.\nIn Grant\u2019s administration, he was Assistant Treasurer of the United States, abusing that position to manipulate the price of gold, and being forced to resign. He then resumed his business career. Butterfield\u2019s extensive war archives are displayed at Cold Spring, New York.", "Q1031002": "The Adventures of Tintin is a 1991-1992 animated TV show co-produced by France and Canada, based on The Adventures of Tintin by Belgian comic artist Georges Prosper Remi, more commonly known by his pen name Herg\u00e9 ([\u025b\u0281\u0292e]). Thirty-nine half-hour episodes were produced over the course of its three seasons.", "Q111869": "Hermann Oestrich (30 December 1903 \u2013 2 April 1973) was a German-French engineer. He was involved in the development of jet engines as an employee of BMW and later of Snecma.", "Q166439": "Kim-Lian van der Meij (born 1 October 1980 in Beverwijk) is Dutch musical actress, presenter and a singer-songwriter.", "Q452219": "Tom\u00e1\u0161 Josef \u0160pidl\u00edk, S.J. (17 December 1919 \u2013 16 April 2010) was a Czech prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a Jesuit priest and theologian. Pope John Paul II made him a Cardinal in 2003.", "Q228936": "Failure to Launch is a 2006 American romantic comedy film directed by Tom Dey, and starring Matthew McConaughey and Sarah Jessica Parker. The film focuses on a 35-year-old man who lives in the home of his parents and shows no interest in leaving the comfortable life his parents, especially his mother, have made for him there. It was released on March 10, 2006, and grossed over $128 million.", "Q284362": "How to Marry a Millionaire is a 1953 American romantic comedy film directed by Jean Negulesco and written and produced by Nunnally Johnson. The screenplay was based on the plays The Greeks Had a Word for It by Zo\u00eb Akins and Loco by Dale Eunson and Katherine Albert.\nThe film stars Betty Grable, Marilyn Monroe, and Lauren Bacall as three gold diggers, along with William Powell, David Wayne, Rory Calhoun, and Cameron Mitchell. Although Grable received top billing in the screen credits, Monroe's name was listed first in all advertising, including the trailer.\nMade by 20th Century Fox, How to Marry a Millionaire was the first film ever to be filmed in the new CinemaScope wide-screen process, although it was the second CinemaScope film released by Fox after the biblical epic film The Robe (also 1953).\nHow to Marry a Millionaire was also the first 1960\ns color and CinemaScope film ever to be shown on prime-time network television, though panned-and-scanned, when it was presented as the first film on NBC Saturday Night at the Movies on September 23, 1961.The soundtrack to How to Marry a Millionaire was released on CD by Film Score Monthly on March 15, 2001.\n\n", "Q93890": "Kajetan \"Kai\" M\u00fchlmann (26 June 1898 \u2013 2 August 1958) was an Austrian art historian who was an officer in the SS and played a major role in the expropriation of art by the Nazis, particularly in Poland. He worked with Arthur Seyss-Inquart in the initial Nazi government in Vienna following the Anschluss, in the General Government (occupied Poland) and in The Hague where he headed an art clearing house in the occupied Netherlands known as the Dienststelle M\u00fchlmann (M\u00fchlmann Agency). He has been characterised as one of the greatest art thieves among the Nazis, and possibly ever.", "Q521585": "Johan Valdemar \"Juho\" Halme (born Johan Valdemar Eliasson, 24 May 1888, Helsinki; died 1 February 1918, Helsinki) was a Finnish track and field athlete who competed in the 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics and won six Finnish championships in various events in 1907\u20131916. He died during the Finnish Civil War.", "Q3307417": "Colonel Loammi Baldwin (January 10, 1744 \u2013 October 20, 1807) was a noted American engineer, politician, and a soldier in the American Revolutionary War.\nBaldwin is known as the Father of American Civil Engineering. His five sons, Cyrus Baldwin (1773\u20131854), Benjamin Franklin Baldwin (1777\u20131821), Loammi Baldwin, Jr. (1780\u20131834), James Fowle Baldwin (1782\u20131862), and George Rumford Baldwin (1798\u20131888) were also well-known engineers. He surveyed and was responsible for the construction of the Middlesex Canal, but today he is perhaps best remembered for the Baldwin apple which he developed at his farm, or rather he recognized its potential and propagated it throughout the northeast. The apple had been discovered on the farm of John Ball in Wilmington, Massachusetts, around 1750, and named Woodpecker by a later owner of the farm. Colonel Baldwin's promotion of the apple occurred after 1784. He was also a surveyor and plantation co-owner in Hartford, Maine, which at that time was known as East Butterfield.", "Q95239": "Maria of Jever, known in Jeverland as Fr\u00e4ulein Maria (5 September 1500 in Jever \u2013 20 February 1575, Jever) was the last ruler of the Lordship of Jever from the Wiemken family.", "Q1897911": "Robert Rihmeek Williams (born May 6, 1987), known professionally as Meek Mill, is an American rapper, songwriter, and activist. Born and raised in Philadelphia, he embarked on his music career as a battle rapper, and later formed a short-lived rap group, The Bloodhoundz. In 2008, Atlanta-based rapper T.I. signed Meek Mill to his first record deal. In February 2011, after leaving Grand Hustle Records, Mill signed with Miami-based rapper Rick Ross's Maybach Music Group (MMG). Mill's debut album, Dreams and Nightmares, was released in 2012 under MMG and Warner Bros. Records. The album, preceded by the lead single \"Amen\" (featuring Drake), debuted at number two on the U.S. Billboard 200.\nIn October 2012, Mill announced the launch of his own label imprint, Dream Chasers Records, named after his mixtape series. Meek Mill often collaborates with fellow MMG label-mates; he is also known for his appearances on MMG's Self Made compilation series, with his first two singles, \"Tupac Back\" and \"Ima Boss\", being included on volume one. He released his second album, Dreams Worth More Than Money, in 2015 and his third album, Wins & Losses, in 2016. His fourth studio album, Championships, was released in November 2018 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Its lead single, \"Going Bad\" (featuring Drake), peaked at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100.\nIn November 2017, he was sentenced to two to four years in prison for violating parole and served five months at the State Correctional Institution \u2013 Chester in Chester, Pennsylvania, before being released while his trial continues. In August 2019, a documentary series about his battle with the criminal justice system, Free Meek, was released on Prime Video. Mill served as executive producer on the series.\n\n", "Q925418": "The Party of Communists in Hungary (Hungarian: Kommunist\u00e1k Magyarorsz\u00e1gi P\u00e1rtja), renamed Hungarian Communist Party (Magyar Kommunista P\u00e1rt) in October 1944, was founded on November 24, 1918, and was in power in Hungary briefly from March to August 1919 under B\u00e9la Kun and the Hungarian Soviet Republic. The communist government was overthrown by the Romanian Army and driven underground. The party regained power following World War II and held power from 1945 under the leadership of M\u00e1ty\u00e1s R\u00e1kosi. In 1948 the party merged with the Social Democrats to become the Hungarian Working People's Party. The Communist Party of Hungary was a member of the Communist International.", "Q747874": "Tytus Maksymilian Huber (also known as Maksymilian Tytus Huber; 4 January 1872 in Kro\u015bcienko nad Dunajcem \u2013 1950) was a world-renowned Polish mechanical engineer, educator, and scientist. He was a member of the pre-war Polish scientific foundation, Kasa im. J\u00f3zefa Mianowskiego.\nHis career began as a Professor at Lw\u00f3w Polytechnic (now known as the Lviv Polytechnic) in 1908, later serving as rector from 1922-1923. In the late 1920s he was professor and department chair of Warsaw University of Technology. After the Second World War he helped organize the Gda\u0144sk University of Technology.\nIn 1949, he was named department chair at AGH University of Science and Technology, serving until his death the following year, at the age of 78.", "Q352730": "Richard Treat Williams (born December 1, 1951) is an American actor, writer, and aviator who has appeared on film, stage and television in over 120 credits. He first became well known for his starring role in the 1979 musical film Hair, and later also starred in the films Prince of the City, Once Upon a Time in America, The Late Shift and 127 Hours. From 2002 to 2006, he was the lead of the television series Everwood and was nominated for two Screen Actors Guild Awards. He has additionally been nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, two Satellite Awards, and an Independent Spirit Award.", "Q188286": "Martha Grimes (born May 2, 1931) is an American writer of detective fiction. She is best known for a series featuring Richard Jury, a Scotland Yard inspector.", "Q932164": "Filippo Terzi (1520\u20131597) was an Italian military and civil architect and engineer, born in Bologna, who went to Lisbon in 1577 and the following year joined the disastrous military expedition to Morocco where he was taken prisoner at the battle of Alc\u00e1cer Quibir, after which his release was negotiated and he returned to Portugal, where he spent the remainder of his career, dying at Set\u00fabal.\nIn 1582 Philip II of Spain, recently declared king also of Portugal, visited\nSet\u00fabal, where Terzi was recommended to him on the occasion of a new fortification needed to reinforce the security of that port city. Having achieved the work successfully, Terzi was named master of work at the Convento de Cristo in Tomar, in 1584.\nIn 1590, he was named Mestre das Obras de el-Rei, \"Master of the King's works\", succeeding the post that had been occupied by Ant\u00f3nio Rodrigues. Terzi was also charged with the instruction of a new generation of young architects in the Royal Works. He was responsible for numerous projects, notably at Coimbra and Lisbon, including the aqueduct that led from S\u00e3o Sebasti\u00e3o to Coimbra.", "Q578396": "Kriva Palanka (Macedonian: \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 [\u02cckri\u02d0va \u02c8pala\u014bka] (listen)) is a town located in the northeastern part of North Macedonia. It has 14,558 inhabitants. The town of Kriva Palanka is the seat of Kriva Palanka Municipality which has almost 21,000 inhabitants.\nThe town lies near the Deve Bair national border crossing with Bulgaria; as such, there is nearly constant heavy traffic passing through the main road which bisects the two sides of the town (Deve Bair is considered the main border crossing between North Macedonia and Bulgaria because it links the capitals Skopje with Sofia).", "Q1340643": "A master builder or master mason is a central figure leading construction projects in pre-modern times (a precursor to the modern architect and engineer).\nHistorically, the term has generally referred to \"the head of a construction project in the Middle Ages or Renaissance period\", with an 1887 source describing the status as follows:\n\nA master builder is recognized as such, not only for his ability to rear a magnificent structure after plans prepared by the architect for his guidance, but because of his ability to comprehend those plans, and to skillfully weave together the crude materials which make up the strength, the harmony, the beauty, the stateliness of the edifice which grow in his hands from a made foundation to a magnificent habitation.\nThe term has also been applied to more broadly include \"designers and builders of large-scale construction work who learned their trade in a more formal way than the builders of primitive forms in pre-technological societies... from the times of the Egyptians and Sumerians until (and in some cases beyond) the Industrial Revolution\". The phrase has been in use since at least as early as 1610, when William Camden wrote in his Britain, or a Chorographicall Description of the most flourishing Kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the Ilands adjoyning, out of the depth of Antiquitie of \"those Wings in Architecture, which the great Master builders tearme Peroma\". Later in the same work, Camden writes:\n\nAnd Peter is as sure a gate, for them to passe thereby.\nThis is a rocke remaining firme: a Master builder hee...\nLike other trades, master builders were initially trained through lengthy apprenticeships to persons already having that status, often beginning in boyhood, and the \"secrets of the Master Builders were often jealously guarded, and treated as sacred knowledge\". A 1926 source stated:\n\nTo become a Master Builder an architect must not only be possessed of the theoretical knowledge of engineering and a knowledge of the details of building construction, but he must become the devisor of methods of construction.", "Q1421958": "Jason and the Argonauts, (also known as Jason and the Golden Fleece) is a 2000 TV movie directed by Nick Willing and produced by Hallmark Entertainment. It is based on the Greek myth of Jason and the Argonauts.", "Q67911": "Kurt Bodewig (born 26 April 1955 in Rheinberg) is a German politician of the SPD.", "Q125272": "Aladdin Records was a record company and label founded in Los Angeles in 1945 by brothers Eddie and Leo Mesner. It was called Philo Records before changing its name in 1946.Aladdin was known for jazz, rhythm and blues, and rock music. Some of these were issued on the company's short-lived Jazz West imprint. Aladdin Records launched several subsidiary labels such as Score (1948), Intro (1950), 7-11 (1952), Ultra (1955), Jazz West (1955), and Lamp (1956). In addition to Los Angeles, many Aladdin recordings were produced by Cosimo Matassa in New Orleans.\nAladdin's first album was by Lester Young. Other musicians on the roster included Ernie Andrews, Charles Brown, Thurston Harris, Maxwell Davis, Al Hibbler, Billie Holiday, Lynn Hope, Jimmy Liggins, Lightnin' Hopkins, Red Nelson (\"Mother Fuyer\"), and Illinois Jacquet. In 1961, Aladdin was sold to Imperial Records, which was acquired by Liberty Records. Capitol bought Liberty in 1969, and reissues appeared on Blue Note Records.", "Q846829": "The USC Marshall School of Business is the business school of the University of Southern California. It is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business.In 1997 the school was renamed following a $35 million donation from alumnus Gordon S. Marshall.", "Q312472": "Giovanni \"Tinto\" Brass (born 26 March 1933) is an Italian filmmaker. In the 1960s and 1970s, he directed many critically acclaimed avant-garde films of various genres. Today, he is mainly known for his later work in the erotic genre, with films such as Caligula, Cos\u00ec fan tutte (released under the English title All Ladies Do It), Paprika, Monella (Frivolous Lola) and Trasgredire.", "Q250133": "Gert \u00c5ke Fylking, born on 7 October 1945 in Stockholm, is a Swedish actor, journalist, politician (Christian Democrat) and anchorman of the radio programme Gert's V\u00e4rld on Radio 1 101,9 FM, where he is known by the nickname of Fylking Sverige (a handle translatable as Your Man Fylking from Sweden). He has participated in many theatre productions, films and TV programmes. He is married to Tanja Fylking; they have six children and live in Stockholm. Among his friends are Robert Aschberg, Hasse Aro and Lennart J\u00e4hkel, and especially the late Christer Pettersson (since their childhood).", "Q4361": "Curitiba (Brazilian Portuguese: [ku\u027ei\u02c8t\u0283ib\u0250]) is the capital and largest city in the Brazilian state of Paran\u00e1. The city's population was 1,879,355 as of 2015, making it the eighth most populous city in Brazil and the largest in Brazil's South Region. The Curitiba Metropolitan area comprises 26 municipalities with a total population of over 3.2 million (IBGE estimate in 2010), making it the seventh most populous metropolitan area in the country.\nThe city sits on a plateau at 932 metres (3,058 ft) above sea level. It is located west of the seaport of Paranagu\u00e1 and is served by the Afonso Pena International and Bacacheri airports. Curitiba is an important cultural, political, and economic center in Latin America and hosts the Federal University of Paran\u00e1, established in 1912.\nIn the 1700s Curitiba's favorable location between cattle-breeding countryside and marketplaces led to a successful cattle trade and the city's first major expansion. Later, between 1850 and 1950, it grew due to logging and agricultural expansion in Paran\u00e1 State (first Araucaria angustifolia logging, later mate and coffee cultivation and in the 1970s wheat, corn and soybean cultivation). In the 1850s, waves of European immigrants arrived in Curitiba, mainly Germans, Italians, Poles and Ukrainians, contributing to the city's economic and cultural development. Nowadays, only small numbers of immigrants arrive, primarily from Middle Eastern and other South American countries.\nCuritiba's biggest expansion occurred after the 1960s, with innovative urban planning that allowed the population to grow from some hundreds of thousands to more than a million people. Curitiba's economy is based on industry and services and is the fourth largest in Brazil. Economic growth occurred in parallel to a substantial inward flow of Brazilians from other parts of the country, as approximately half of the city's population was not born in Curitiba.Curitiba is one of the few Brazilian cities with a high Human Development Index (0.856) and in 2010 it was awarded the Global Sustainable City Award, given to cities and municipalities that excel in sustainable urban development. According to US magazine Reader's Digest, Curitiba is the best \"Brazilian Big City\" in which to live. Curitiba's crime rate is considered low by Brazilian standards and the city is considered one of the safest cities in Brazil for youth. The city is also regarded as the best in which to invest in Brazil. Curitiba was one of the host cities of the 1950 FIFA World Cup, and again for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Despite its good social indicators, the city has a higher unemployment rate than other cities in the state.", "Q709": "The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Marshallese: Aolep\u0101n Aor\u014dkin \u1e42aje\u1e37), is an island country and a United States associated state near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line. Geographically, the country is part of the larger island group of Micronesia. The country's population of 58,413 people (at the 2018 World Bank Census) is spread out over 29 coral atolls, comprising 1,156 individual islands and islets. The capital and largest city is Majuro. It has most of its territory made of water of any sovereign state, at 97.87%. \nThe islands share maritime boundaries with the Wake Island to the north, Kiribati to the southeast, Nauru to the south, and Federated States of Micronesia to the west. About 52.3% of Marshall Islanders (27,797 at the 2011 Census) live on Majuro. Data from the United Nations indicates an estimated population in 2018 of 58,413. In 2016, 73.3% of the population were defined as being \"urban\". The UN also indicates a population density of 295 per km\u00b2 (765 people per mi\u00b2) and its projected 2020 population is 59,190.Micronesian colonists reached the Marshall Islands using canoes circa 2nd millennium BC, with interisland navigation made possible using traditional stick charts. They eventually settled here. Islands in the archipelago were first explored by Europeans in the 1520s, starting with Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer in the service of Spain, Juan Sebasti\u00e1n Elcano and Miguel de Saavedra. Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar reported sighting an atoll in August 1526. Other expeditions by Spanish and English ships followed. The islands derive their name from John Marshall, who visited in 1788. The islands were historically known by the inhabitants as \"jolet jen Anij\" (Gifts from God).Spain claimed the islands in 1592, and the European powers recognized its sovereignty over the islands in 1874. They had been part of the Spanish East Indies formally since 1528. Later, Spain sold some of the islands to the German Empire in 1885, and they became part of German New Guinea that year, run by the trading companies doing business in the islands, particularly the Jaluit Company. In World War I the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands, which in 1920, the League of Nations combined with other former German territories to form the South Seas Mandate. During World War II, the United States took control of the islands in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign in 1944. Nuclear testing began on Bikini Atoll in 1946 and concluded in 1958.\nThe US government formed the Congress of Micronesia in 1965, a plan for increased self-governance of Pacific islands. The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands in 1979 provided independence to the Marshall Islands, whose constitution and president (Amata Kabua) were formally recognized by the US. Full sovereignty or self-government was achieved in a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Marshall Islands has been a member of the Pacific Community (SPC) since 1983 and a United Nations member state since 1991. Politically, the Marshall Islands is a presidential republic in free association with the United States, with the US providing defense, subsidies, and access to U.S.-based agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission and the United States Postal Service. With few natural resources, the islands' wealth is based on a service economy, as well as some fishing and agriculture; aid from the United States represents a large percentage of the islands' gross domestic product. The country uses the United States dollar as its currency. In 2018, it also announced plans for a new cryptocurrency to be used as legal tender.The majority of the citizens of the Republic of Marshall Islands, formed in 1982, are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines, and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is one of the Malayo-Polynesian languages; and English. Almost the entire population of the islands practices some religion: three-quarters of the country follows either the United Church of Christ \u2013 Congregational in the Marshall Islands (UCCCMI) or the Assemblies of God.\n\n", "Q4861681": "Barney Augustus Eaton was a politician in Wisconsin.\n\n", "Q445003": "Stelian Popescu (February 18, 1874 in Lacu Turcului, Prahova County \u2013 8 March 1954 in Madrid, Spain) was a nationalist Romanian journalist.Minister of Justice in Romania, 1921\u20131922, 1927\u20131928.\nFrom 1914 to 1943, Popescu was owner/director of Universul.In 1945, he accused his daughter in law Maria Popesco of trying to murder him.", "Q84452": "Helga Molander (born as Ruth Werner; 19 March 1896 in K\u00f6nigsh\u00fctte, Silesia, Germany (present-day Chorz\u00f3w, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland) \u2013 1986), was a German actress and mother of Hans Eysenck.", "Q16130": "Merzig is the capital of the district Merzig-Wadern, in Saarland, Germany with about 30,000 inhabitants in 17 municipalities on 108 km \u00b2. It is situated on the river Saar, approx. 35 km south of Trier, and 35 km northwest of Saarbr\u00fccken.", "Q2636700": "Alan George \"A. G.\" Lafley (born June 13, 1947) is an American businessman who led consumer goods maker Procter & Gamble (P&G) for two separate stints, from 2000 to 2010 and again from 2013 to 2015, during which he served as chairman, president and CEO. In 2015, he stepped down as CEO to become executive chairman of P&G, eventually retiring in June 2016.As CEO, Lafley was called \"one of the most lauded CEOs in history\" and is credited with revitalizing P&G under the mantra \u201cConsumer is Boss,\u201d with a focus on billion dollar brands like Crest, Tide, and Pampers. But he also brought in several new brands, like Swiffer and Febreze, by merging P&G's internal resources with outside \u201copen\u201d innovation, referred to as Connect + Develop.Prior to rejoining P&G in 2013, Lafley consulted on business and innovation strategy, advising on CEO succession and executive leadership development, and coaching experienced, new, and potential CEOs.", "Q353348": "Hilly Kristal (born Hillel Kristal; September 23, 1931 \u2013 August 28, 2007) was an American club owner, manager and musician who was the owner of the iconic New York City club, CBGB, which opened in 1973 and closed in 2006 over a rent dispute.", "Q319527": "Jean-Pierre Cassel (born Jean-Pierre Crochon; 27 October 1932 \u2013 19 April 2007) was a French actor.", "Q852684": "Marietta is located in central Cobb County, Georgia, United States, and is the county's seat and largest city.\nAs of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 56,579. The 2018 estimate is 60,806, making it one of Atlanta's largest suburbs. Marietta is the fourth largest of the principal cities (by population) of the Atlanta metropolitan area.", "Q667568": "The Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th.; often called the Aristotelian University or University of Thessaloniki; Greek: \u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0398\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2) is the sixth oldest, and among the most highly ranked tertiary education institution, within Greece. Named after the philosopher Aristotle, who was born in Stageira, about 55 km (34 miles) east of Thessaloniki, it is the largest university in Greece and in the Balkans and its campus covers 230,000 square metres in the centre of Thessaloniki, with additional educational and administrative facilities elsewhere.As of 2014, there is a student population of approximately 40,000 active students enrolled at the university (31,000 at the undergraduate level and 9,000 in postgraduate programmes of which 3,952 at Doctoral level) and 2,366 faculty members. There are additionally 248 members of the Special Laboratory Teaching Personnel, 213 members of the Special Technical Laboratory Personnel. The administrative staff consists of 400 permanent employees and 528 subcontractor employees that are contracted by the university.The language of instruction is Greek, although there are programs in foreign languages and courses for international students, which are carried out in English, French, German, and Italian.", "Q4888989": "Benjamin \"Benjie\" Mendoza Bitanga (born December 31, 1952) is a Filipino investment banker. He is the present chairman, president, CEO, and CIO of MRC Allied Inc., a property development firm in the Philippines, now also engaged in the mining industry.", "Q244146": "Clearwater is a city located in Pinellas County, Florida, United States, northwest of Tampa and St. Petersburg. To the west of Clearwater lies the Gulf of Mexico and to the southeast lies Tampa Bay. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 107,685. Clearwater is the county seat of Pinellas County and is the smallest of the three principal cities in the Tampa\u2013St. Petersburg\u2013Clearwater metropolitan area, most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay Area.\nCleveland Street is one of the city's historic avenues, and the city includes Spectrum Field and Coachman Park. The city is separated by the Intracoastal Waterway from Clearwater Beach.\nClearwater is the home of Clearwater Marine Aquarium, where bottlenose dolphins Winter and Hope live.\nThe global headquarters of the Church of Scientology is located in Clearwater.", "Q1039338": "Pedro Parages Diego Madrazo (born 17 December 1883 in Madrid \u2013 15 February 1950 in Saint-Loub\u00e8s) was President of Real Madrid between 1916 and 1926.He also played for the club, becoming the first Frenchman to represent Los Merengues. He managed the Spain National Team at the 1924 Olympics.", "Q97348": "Fritz Usinger (5 March 1895 \u2013 9 December 1982) was a German writer, poet, essayist, and translator. In 1946 he was awarded the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize by the German Academy for Language and Literature for his literary oeuvre.", "Q764713": "Andrei Mocioni de Foen (also spelled Andrea de Mocioni or Andreiu Mocion\u012d, last name also Mocsonyi, Mocsoni, Mocionyi or Mocsony; German: Andreas Mocioni de Foen or Andreas von Mocsonyi, Hungarian: f\u00e9nyi Mocsonyi Andr\u00e1s; June 27, 1812 \u2013 April 23/May 5, 1880) was an Austrian and Hungarian jurist, politician, and informal leader of the ethnic Romanian community, one of the founding members of the Romanian Academy. Of a mixed Aromanian and Albanian background, raised as a Greek Orthodox, he belonged to the Mocioni family, which had been elevated to Hungarian nobility. He was brought up at his family estate in the Banat, at Foeni, where he joined the administrative apparatus, and identified as a Romanian since at least the 1830s. He rose to prominence during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848: he was a supporter of the House of Lorraine, trying to obtain increased autonomy for Banat Romanians in exchange for loyalism. The Austrians appointed Mocioni to an executive position over that region, but curbed his expectations by including the Banat as a whole into the Voivodeship of Serbia. This disappointment pushed Mocioni to renounce politics during much of the 1850s.\nThe attempt by Austria to ensure a new administrative formula in the 1860s saw Mocioni's co-option into the Imperial Diet. He also organized, in 1860, the National Assembly in the Banat\u2014an abortive project, seeking to obtain autonomy on ethnic grounds. He then oscillated between ethnic federalism within a nominal Hungarian realm and full centralism in Austria's custody, while failing in his bid to promote election boycott as a political weapon. He had noted political rivalries with Romanians who sided with Hungarian radicalism, in particular Eftimie Murgu. Serving one full term in the Diet of Hungary, Mocioni also turned to cooperation with the Romanians of Transylvania, and helped Andrei \u0218aguna to reestablish an independent Transylvanian Metropolis for Romanian Orthodox Christians. Alongside his brothers Gheorghe and Anton, and his lawyer Vincen\u021biu Babe\u0219, he founded the newspaper Albina of Vienna.\nThe creation of Austria-Hungary and the Banat's absorption into the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen were significant blows for Mocioni's nationalist-loyalist campaign. Mocioni withdrew to Foeni, ailing and out of the public eye for the final decade of his life. He was still a noted philanthropist and sponsor of the Romanian press, but had conflicts with Krass\u00f3 County voters and the Romanian peasants on his estates, a matter which contributed to his voluntary isolation. He was survived by his wife Laura, daughter of Petar \u010carnojevi\u0107, and by his nephew, the politician Alexandru Mocioni.", "Q116860": "Traugott Sandmeyer (September 15, 1854 \u2013 April 9, 1922) was a Swiss chemist after whom the Sandmeyer reaction, which he discovered 1884, was named.", "Q6576": "Irkutsk ( eer-KOOTSK; Russian: \u0418\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0441\u043a, IPA: [\u026ar\u02c8kutsk]; Buryat and Mongolian: \u042d\u0440\u0445\u04af\u04af, Erh\u00fc\u00fc) is the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, and one of the largest cities in Siberia.\nMany distinguished Russians were sent into exile in Irkutsk for their part in the Decembrist revolt of 1825, and the city became an exile-post for the rest of the century. Some fine, historic wooden houses still survive. When the railway reached Irkutsk, it had earned the nickname of \"The Paris of Siberia.\" \nThe city was the center of bitter fighting in the Russian Civil War of 1918\u201320. Afterward, in the Soviet period, its architecture was dominated by blocky Soviet style. The city became a major centre of aircraft manufacture.\nThe Trans-Siberian Highway (Federal M53 and M55 Highways) and Trans-Siberian Railway connect Irkutsk to other regions in Russia and Mongolia.", "Q661119": "Lebern District is one of the ten districts of the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland, situated to the west of the canton. Together with the city of Solothurn, it forms the Amtei (electoral district) of Solothurn-Lebern. It has a population of 45,870 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q797843": "Peter Ford, better known as Baby Ford, is a British electronic music record producer, known particularly for his contributions to the birth of acid house. He has also released material under the aliases Cassino Classix, El Mal, Solcyc, and Simprini Risin'.", "Q73964": "Otto Gildemeister (13 March 1823 Bremen - 26 August 1902) was a German journalist and translator.", "Q3662078": "John W. Hutchinson (born April 10, 1939) is the Abbott and James Lawrence Research Professor of Engineering in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard University. He works in the field of solid mechanics concerned with a broad range of problems in structures and engineering materials. A brief history of his education and professional experience follows.", "Q182973": "The University of Iowa (UI, U of I, UIowa, or simply Iowa) is a public research university in Iowa City, Iowa. Founded in 1847, it is the oldest and the second largest university in the state. The University of Iowa is organized into 12 colleges offering more than 200 areas of study and seven professional degrees.Located on an urban 1,880 acre campus on the banks of the Iowa River, the University of Iowa is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity.\" The university is best known for its programs in health care, law, and the fine arts, with programs ranking among the top 25 nationally in those areas. The university was the original developer of the Master of Fine Arts degree and it operates the Iowa Writer's Workshop, which has produced 17 of the university's 46 Pulitzer Prize winners. Iowa is a member of the Association of American Universities, the Universities Research Association, and the Big Ten Academic Alliance.\nAmong American universities, the University of Iowa was the first public university to open as coeducational, opened the first coeducational medical school, and opened the first Department of Religious Studies at a public university. The University of Iowa's 33,000 students take part in nearly 500 student organizations. Iowa's 22 varsity athletic teams, the Iowa Hawkeyes, compete in Division I of the NCAA and are members of the Big Ten Conference. The University of Iowa alumni network exceeds 250,000 graduates.", "Q447614": "Paul James Crook (born 29 September 1971), known professionally as Mackenzie Crook, is an English actor, director, comedian and BAFTA-winning writer. He is known for playing Gareth Keenan in The Office, Ragetti in the Pirates of the Caribbean films, and Orell in the HBO series Game of Thrones, and is the creator and star of BBC Four's Detectorists.", "Q254341": "Linda Hopkins (December 14, 1924 \u2013 April 10, 2017) was a Tony-winning American actress and blues and gospel singer. She recorded classic, traditional, and urban blues, and performed R&B and soul, jazz, and show tunes.", "Q451062": "Kotaro Honda (\u672c\u591a \u5149\u592a\u90ce, Honda K\u014dtar\u014d), born on February 23, 1870 in Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture \u2013 February 12, 1954) was a Japanese scientist and inventor. He invented KS steel (initials from Kichiei Sumitomo), which is a type of magnetic resistant steel that is three times more resistant than tungsten steel. This material, which had 250 oersteds magnetic resistance, was developed through rigorous basic research on steel and alloys.Honda was born in the town of Yahagi (part of modern Okazaki, Aichi and was a graduate of Tokyo Imperial University. He was taught by the famous Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka at the University of Tokyo. \nHonda's research on KS steel in 1917, and on improved KS steel in 1934 became the basis for his position that Japan's industrial development is dependent on basic research in major scientific fields. He later improved upon the steel, creating NKS steel. This NKS steel was mentioned by Taiichi Ohno in his book, as being one of the Japanese materials development results after the Second world war.\n\nHonda, together with the academic Tokiatsu Hojo, setup up a research institute, which was supported by the Sumitomo family. It was later renamed Metallic Materials Research Institute. In 1931, he was appointed president of Tohoku Imperial University, where he taught physics for several years.He participated in establishing the (\u5343\u8449\u5de5\u696d\u5927\u5b66, Chiba Institute of Technology) from 1940. He served as the first president of the Tokyo University of Science from 1949.\nHonda was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932, and was one of the first persons to be awarded the Order of Culture when it was established in 1937. He was also awarded the Franklin Institute's Elliott Cresson Medal in 1931 and became a Person of Cultural Merit in 1951. He was posthumously awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun. \nHonda died in 1954 in Bunkyo, Tokyo, and his grave is at the temple of Myogen-ji in Okazaki.\n\n", "Q24828": "Fionn Regan (born 1981) is an Irish folk musician and singer-songwriter. Born and raised in Bray, Regan came to prominence with the release of his debut studio album, The End of History in 2006. He had been releasing extended plays for six years on independent record labels prior to the album's release. Regan's second studio album, The Shadow of an Empire was released in 2010 to positive reviews and his third studio album, 100 Acres of Sycamore, was released in 2011. His fourth studio album, The Bunkhouse Vol. 1: Anchor Black Tattoo, was released in 2012.\nAmong the accolades Regan has received nominations for the Choice Music Prize in Ireland, the Mercury Prize in the United Kingdom and the Shortlist Music Prize in the United States. Regan has cited Bob Dylan and Neil Young as influences on his music and has been referred to by Lucinda Williams as \"his generation's answer to Bob Dylan\".\n\n", "Q1021563": "Wyckoff is a township in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 16,696, reflecting an increase of 188 (+1.1%) from the 16,508 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,136 (+7.4%) from the 15,372 counted in 1990. As of the 2010 Census, Wyckoff ranked 55th in highest-income places in the United States with a population of at least 10,000 at $103,614 HHI. Statewide, Wyckoff ranked 41st among New Jersey locations by per capita income, with a per capita money income of $49,375 as of 1999, an increase of 49.1% from the $33,124 recorded in 1989.From the mid-18th century, what is now Wyckoff was a community within Franklin Township, formed on June 1, 1797, when Saddle River Township (now Saddle Brook) was split, which consisted of most of northern Bergen County west of the Saddle River. Starting in the 1840s, several new municipalities were created from portions of Franklin Township (Pompton Township on April 10, 1797, Hohokus Township (now Mahwah) on April 9, 1849, and Ridgewood Township on March 30, 1876; remaining now the Village of Ridgewood), so that today what is now Wyckoff borders eight different communities. Wyckoff was formed as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on November 2, 1926, replacing Franklin Township, based on the results of a referendum held that day. Portions of Wyckoff were ceded to Midland Park based on the results of a referendum held on June 9, 1931.Though there is no solid historical evidence for any of the various theories, the most commonly given origin for the name Wyckoff, which was the origin accepted by the township committee when the municipality was established, is that the name is from the Lenape word wickoff, meaning \"high ground\", or that it is from wickok, meaning \"water\". However, similarly named Wyckoff Heights in New York City is named after the Wyckoff family, who settled in the New York/New Jersey area when both states were part of the Dutch colony of New Netherlands. Other sources ascribe the name to Wicaugh in Malpas, England.", "Q4062290": "Jalal Alireza oglu Aliyev (Azerbaijani: C\u0259lal \u018flirza o\u011flu \u018fliyev; June 30, 1928 \u2013 January 31, 2016) was a Soviet and Azerbaijani scientist-breeder, statesman; academician, member of the Presidium of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences and deputy of Milli Majlis of the Azerbaijan Republic. Born in Nakhchivan, he was the brother of the late President of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev, and the uncle of the present President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev. He died in Baku in 2016.", "Q139897": "Brigid Brannagh (born August 3, 1972) is an American actress. She has been credited as Brigid Brannagh, Brigid Brannah, Brigid Brannaugh, Brigid Walsh, and Brigid Conley Walsh.", "Q96042": "Ulrich R\u00fcck (October 18, 1882 in Nuremberg \u2013 November 6, 1962 in Nuremberg) was a German collector of musical instruments, chemist and dealer in pianos.", "Q203219": "William Henry Pratt (23 November 1887 \u2013 2 February 1969), better known by his stage name Boris Karloff (), was an English actor who was primarily known for his roles in horror films. He portrayed Frankenstein's monster in Frankenstein (1931), Bride of Frankenstein (1935) and Son of Frankenstein (1939). He also appeared as Imhotep in The Mummy (1932).\nIn non-horror roles, he is best known to modern audiences for narrating and as the voice of the Grinch in the animated television special of Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1966). For his contribution to film and television, Karloff was awarded two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q939743": "The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) is the parliamentary arm of the Council of Europe, a 47-nation international organisation dedicated to upholding human rights, democracy and the rule of law. The Council of Europe is an older and wider circle of nations than the 27-member European Union \u2013 it includes, for example, Russia and Turkey among its member states \u2013 and oversees the European Court of Human Rights.\nThe Assembly is made up of 324 members drawn from the national parliaments of the Council of Europe's member states, and generally meets four times a year for week-long plenary sessions in Strasbourg. It is one of the two statutory bodies of the Council of Europe, along with the Committee of Ministers, the executive body representing governments, with which it holds an ongoing dialogue. However, it is the Assembly which is usually regarded as the \"motor\" of the organisation, holding governments to account on human rights issues, pressing states to maintain democratic standards, proposing fresh ideas and generating the momentum for reform.\nThe Assembly held its first session in Strasbourg on 10 August 1949, making it one of the oldest international assemblies in Europe. Among its main achievements are: \n\nending the death penalty in Europe by requiring new member states to stop all executions\nmaking possible, and shaping, the European Convention on Human Rights\nhigh-profile reports exposing violations of human rights in Council of Europe member states\nassisting former Soviet countries to embrace democracy after 1989\ninspiring and helping to shape many progressive new national laws\nhelping member states to overcome conflict or reach consensus on divisive political or social issues", "Q936470": "Sir James Alfred Ewing MInstitCE (27 March 1855 \u2212 7 January 1935) was a Scottish physicist and engineer, best known for his work on the magnetic properties of metals and, in particular, for his discovery of, and coinage of the word, hysteresis.\nIt was said of Ewing that he was 'Careful at all times of his appearance, his suits were mostly grey, added to which he generally wore \u2013 whatever the fashion \u2013 a white piqu\u00e9 stripe to his waistcoat, a mauve shirt, a white butterfly collar and a dark blue bow tie with white spots.' He was regarded as brilliant and successful, but was conscious of his dignity and position. On appointment to head the newly created Admiralty codebreaking department, the Director of Naval Intelligence, Henry Oliver, described him as 'too distinguished a man to be placed officially under the orders of the Director of Intelligence or Chief of Staff'. His first wife, Annie, was an American, a great great niece of George Washington.", "Q14733": "Mika Kojonkoski (born April 19, 1964 in Rauma, Finland) is a Finnish ski jumping coach and politician. Kojonkoski was a ski jumper himself in the 1980s, but he never reached the level of the best Finnish jumpers like Matti Nyk\u00e4nen. His best result was his 9th place in Chamonix, he also achieved a 16th place in the 1985 Ski flying World Championships in Planica.\nKojonkoski quickly became a known figure as a ski coach. After starting up as coach of Finland's junior team, Kojonkoski was hired as the new Austrian coach in 1997. He returned home to Finland to take over the national team in 1999, before he took over the Norwegian team in 2002 where he helped create stars like Sigurd Pettersen, Lars Byst\u00f8l, Bj\u00f8rn Einar Rom\u00f8ren, Anders Jacobsen and Tom Hilde.\nKojonkoski is an active politician in his hometown of Kuopio, where he represents the National Coalition Party.", "Q822377": "Bernard Joseph Cribbins, OBE (born 29 December 1928) is an English character actor, comedy actor, voice-over artist and musical comedian with a career spanning over seventy years. He has been in work consistently since his professional debut in the mid-1950s.\nIn Britain, during the early 1960s, Cribbins became known for his successful novelty records, especially \"Right Said Fred\" and appeared as Albert Perks in The Railway Children (1970). He narrated The Wombles, a BBC children's television programme that ran for 60 episodes between 1973 and 1975, and played the pretentious guest Mr. Hutchinson in \"The Hotel Inspectors\" episode of Fawlty Towers (1975), and the belligerent barman in Alfred Hitchcock's Frenzy (1972). He was a regular and prolific reader for the BBC's Jackanory from 1966 to 1991.\nHaving appeared as Tom Campbell, a companion to Dr. Who in the feature film Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D. (1966), Cribbins appeared in Doctor Who four decades later as Wilfred Mott, the grandfather of Donna Noble, the companion to television's Tenth Doctor.\n\n", "Q242523": "Kelly Lynch (born January 31, 1959) is an American actress and model.", "Q107979": "Herbert Wetterauer (born 21 April 1957 in Karlsruhe, West Germany) is a German painter, sculptor and author. He is known for his paintings in ink and life-sized figures made of paperboard, for which he developed his own technique.\nWetterauer studied German Language at the University of Karlsruhe and Fine Arts at the State Academy of Fine Arts Karlsruhe. For many years he was busy as a journalist, writing primary art critics.\nIn 2009 his first novel named Stromness appeared, followed by the novels Du sollst nicht vertrauen and tod.com.", "Q724323": "Yulian Semyonovich Semyonov (Russian: \u042e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432, Russian pronunciation: [j\u0289l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8an s\u02b2e\u02c8m\u02b2\u0275n\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 s\u02b2e\u02c8m\u02b2\u0275n\u0259f]), pen-name of Yulian Semyonovich Lyandres (Russian: \u041b\u044f\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441) (October 8, 1931 \u2013 September 15, 1993), was a Soviet and Russian writer of spy fiction and detective fiction, also scriptwriter and poet.", "Q558052": "Douglas Lancelot Reed (11 March 1895 \u2013 26 August 1976) was a British journalist, playwright, novelist and author of a number of books of political analysis. His book Insanity Fair (1938) was one of the most influential in publicising the state of Europe and the megalomania of Adolf Hitler before the Second World War. By the time of his death, Reed had been largely forgotten except for various remarks about Jews. Thus, when The Times ran his obituary, it condemned Reed as a \"virulent anti-Semite,\" although Reed himself claimed that he drew a distinction between opposition to Zionism and antisemitism. Reed believed in a long-term Zionist conspiracy to impose a world government on an enslaved humanity. He was also staunchly anti-Communist, and once wrote that National Socialism was a \"stooge or stalking horse \" meant to further the aims of the \"Communist Empire.\"\n\n", "Q2704": "Pescara (Italian pronunciation: [pe\u02c8ska\u02d0ra] (listen); Abruzzese: Pesc\u00e0r\u00eb; Pescarese: Pisc\u00e0r\u00eb) is the capital city of the Province of Pescara, in the Abruzzo region of Italy. It is the most populated city in Abruzzo, with 119,217 (2018) residents (and approximately 350,000 including the surrounding metropolitan area). Located on the Adriatic coast at the mouth of the Aterno-Pescara River, the present-day municipality was formed in 1927 joining the municipalities of the old Pescara fortress, the part of the city to the south of the river, and Castellamare Adriatico, the part of the city to the north of the river. The surrounding area was formed into the province of Pescara.\nThe main commercial street of the city is Corso Umberto I, which runs between two squares, starting from Piazza della Repubblica and reaching the seacoast in Piazza Primo Maggio. The rectangle that it forms with Corso Vittorio Emanuele II and Via Nicola Fabrizi is home of the main shopping district, enclosed in a driving restriction zone, where several of the best fashion shops are located. Corso Manthon\u00e9, the course of the old Pescara, has, for many years, been the center of the nightlife of the city. City hall and the administration of the province are in Piazza Italia, near the river, and in the area between here and the D'Annunzio University campus to the south, a business district has grown up over the years, while the Marina is situated to the immediate south of the mouth of the river. Pescara is also served by an important international airport, the Abruzzo Airport, and one of the major touristic ports of Adriatic Sea and Italy, the Port of Pescara.", "Q1361841": "Peter Adolf Serkin (July 24, 1947 \u2013 February 1, 2020) was an American classical pianist. He won the Grammy Award for Most Promising New Classical Recording Artist in 1966, and he performed globally, known for not only \"technically pristine\" playing but also a \"commitment to contemporary music\". He taught at the Curtis Institute of Music, the Juilliard School, Yale University, and Bard College.", "Q1075132": "Shinichi Mori (\u68ee \u9032\u4e00, Mori Shin'ichi, born November 18, 1947 in Kofu, Yamanashi) is a Japanese male enka singer and composer, who also sings folk and pop music. He has sold more than 90 million records, making him one of the best selling Japanese musicians.Shinichi's real name is Kazuhiro Moriuchi (\u68ee\u5185 \u4e00\u5bdb). He has been married and divorced twice, first to Reiko Ohara and then to Masako Mori. His sons, Takahiro Moriuchi and Hiroki Moriuchi are vocalist of the rock bands One Ok Rock and My First Story, respectively.", "Q173020": "Patrick Daniel Tambay (born 25 June 1949) is a French former racing driver. He competed in 123 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, winning twice, securing five pole positions and scoring a total of 103 Championship points. In 2006, he raced in the inaugural season of the Grand Prix Masters formula for retired Formula One drivers, and continued in the series in 2007.", "Q282061": "George Yule (1829-1892) was a Scottish merchant in England and India who served as the fourth President of the Indian National Congress in 1888 at Allahabad, the first non-Indian to hold that office. He was founder of George Yule & Co. of London, and headed Andrew Yule & Co., of Calcutta. He served as Sheriff of Calcutta and as President of the Indian Chamber of Commerce.\nHe killed almost 400 tigers during his tenure as Administrator.", "Q9037523": "Shi Changxu (simplified Chinese: \u5e08\u660c\u7eea; traditional Chinese: \u5e2b\u660c\u7dd2; 15 November 1920 \u2013 10 November 2014) was a Chinese metallurgist. He served as Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.\nBorn in Xushui District, Hebei, he attended National Northwestern Engineering Institute (a predecessor of Northwestern Polytechnical University) until 1945. He then studied for his master's degree in the United States, at the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy, before receiving a doctoral degree in 1952 from the University of Notre Dame. Shi was a recipient of the 2010 Highest Science and Technology Award. He died in Beijing at the age of 93 in 2014.The asteroid 28468 Shichangxu, discovered in 2000, is named after him.", "Q266495": "Olaf I (Danish: Oluf; c.\u20091050 \u2013 18 August 1095), nicknamed Olaf Hunger, was king of Denmark from 1086 to 1095, following the death of his brother Canute IV the Holy. He was a son of king Sweyn II Estridsson, and the third of Sweyn's sons to rule. He married Ingegard, the daughter of Harald Hardr\u00e5de, but did not have any sons. He was succeeded by his brother Eric I Evergood.", "Q443466": "Kata Dob\u00f3 or Kata Dobo (born Katalin Kov\u00e1cs, Hungarian: Kov\u00e1cs Katalin, Dob\u00f3 Kata on 25 February 1974) is a Hungarian actress and filmmaker.\nShe was born in Gy\u0151r, Hungary and moved to Los Angeles, USA in 1999 to her partner of the time, film producer Andrew G. Vajna. She left the States after they split and currently resides in Budapest, Hungary.Her films include A miniszter f\u00e9lrel\u00e9p (1997) and Eur\u00f3pa expressz (1999).\nRecent television work includes an appearance on Lady Heather's Box, an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, in 2003. In January 2011, she appeared in Bloodlines, the fourth episode in the 14th series of the BBC crime drama Silent Witness, along with fellow Hungarian actors Iv\u00e1n Kamar\u00e1s and Lili Bord\u00e1n.\n\n", "Q200710": "Adam Holzman (born 15 February 1958 in New York City) is an American jazz keyboardist. He is the son of Elektra Records' founder, Jac Holzman.", "Q922405": "Tom Cato Visnes (born 27 November 1974), better known as King ov Hell or simply King, is a Norwegian musician. He is best known as the former bassist of black metal band Gorgoroth, but he is also the co-founder of Ov Hell, God Seed, Jotunspor, Audrey Horne, Sahg, I and Temple of the Black Moon.", "Q1340657": "Roque Ba\u00f1os L\u00f3pez (born 1 May 1968) is a Spanish music composer whose place of birth is Jumilla, a municipality in the Spanish region of Murcia. Ba\u00f1os graduated from Boston's Berklee College of Music in 1995 and has since scored both Spanish and English-language films. He has received numerous awards for his compositional work, including the Spanish Goya Award for Best Original Score in both 2008 and 2009.\n\n", "Q40362": "The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (; SADR; also romanized with Saharawi; Spanish: Rep\u00fablica \u00c1rabe Saharaui Democr\u00e1tica; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u200e al-Jumh\u016br\u012byah al-'Arab\u012byah a\u1e63-\u1e62a\u1e25r\u0101w\u012byah ad-D\u012bmuqr\u0101\u1e6d\u012byah), is a partially recognized de facto sovereign state located in the western Maghreb, which claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, but controls only the easternmost one-fifth of that territory. Until 1976, Western Sahara was known as Spanish Sahara, a Spanish colony (later an overseas province).\nThe SADR was proclaimed by the Polisario Front (a former socialist liberation force which has since reformed its ideological and political views) on February 27, 1976, in Bir Lehlou, Western Sahara. The SADR government controls about 20\u201325% of the territory it claims. It calls the territories under its control the Liberated Territories or the Free Zone. Morocco controls and administers the rest of the disputed territory, and calls these lands its Southern Provinces. The SADR government considers the Moroccan-held territory to be occupied territory, while Morocco considers the much smaller SADR-held territory to be a buffer zone. The claimed capital of the SADR is former Western Sahara capital El-Aai\u00fan, while the temporary capital moved from Bir Lehlou to Tifariti in 2008.\nThe SADR maintains diplomatic relations with 40 UN states, and is a full member of the African Union.", "Q445017": "Jonathan Luke Ke Huy Quan (Chinese: \u95dc\u7e7c\u5a01; Vietnamese: Quan K\u1ebf Huy; born August 20, 1971) is an American actor and stunt choreographer. He is best known for his film appearances in the 1980s, portraying Data in The Goonies and Indiana Jones' sidekick Short Round in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.\n\n", "Q165642": "The Eternal Jew is a 1940 antisemitic Nazi propaganda film, presented as a documentary. The film's initial German title is Der ewige Jude, the German term for the character of the \"Wandering Jew\" in medieval folklore. At the insistence of Nazi Germany's Minister of Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, the film was directed by Fritz Hippler.\nWith a screenplay credited to Eberhard Taubert and narrated by Harry Giese, the film consists of feature and documentary footage combined with materials filmed shortly after the Nazi occupation of Poland. At this time, Poland's Jewish population was about three million, roughly ten percent of the total population.", "Q302675": "Guillermo Cabrera Infante (Spanish pronunciation: [\u0261i\u02c8\u028ee\u027emo ka\u02c8\u03b2\u027ee\u027ea i\u0271\u02c8fante]; Gibara, 22 April 1929 \u2013 21 February 2005) was a Cuban novelist, essayist, translator, screenwriter, and critic; in the 1950s he used the pseudonym G. Ca\u00edn.\nA one-time supporter of the Castro regime, Cabrera Infante went into exile to London in 1965. He is best known for the novel Tres Tristes Tigres (literally: \"three sad tigers\", published in English as Three Trapped Tigers), which has been compared favorably to James Joyce's Ulysses.\n\n", "Q1121211": "Steve Riley (born January 22, 1956 in Revere, Massachusetts) is an American rock and glam metal drummer, best known being the drummer of L.A. Guns and W.A.S.P..", "Q315309": "\u0130lhan Mans\u0131z (born 10 August 1975) is a German-born Turkish former professional football player. He played as a forward. He is also a competing figure skater. He is of Crimean Tatar descent.", "Q123171": "Christoph Meyer (born 3 August 1975) is a German politician. Born in Berlin, he represents the Free Democratic Party (FDP). Christoph Meyer has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Berlin since 2017.", "Q1121577": "Lewis Edson Waterman (November 18, 1837 \u2013 May 1, 1901), born in Decatur, New York, held multiple fountain pen patents and was the founder of the Waterman pen company.\n\nLewis Edson Waterman's entry into fountain pen manufacturing has only recently been properly researched. Waterman was working as a pen salesman in New York for a new company founded in the spring of 1883 by a volatile inventor named Frank Holland. Holland abandoned his company after only six weeks; Waterman stepped in and took over, fitting the pens with a simplified feed of his own design. It was for this \"three fissure feed\" which his first pen-related patent was granted in 1884.Waterman is buried in Forest Hills Cemetery, Jamaica Plain, MA. Following his death in Brooklyn in 1901, his nephew Frank D. Waterman took the business overseas and increased sales to 350,000 pens per year.\nWaterman was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2006.", "Q28974": "Earth, Wind & Fire (abbreviated as EW&F or simply EWF) is an American band that has spanned the musical genres of R&B, soul, funk, jazz, disco, pop, rock, dance, Latin, and Afro pop. They have been described as one of the most innovative and commercially successful acts of all time. Rolling Stone called them \"innovative, precise yet sensual, calculated yet galvanizing\" and declared that the band \"changed the sound of black pop\". VH1 has also described EWF as \"one of the greatest bands\" ever.The band was founded in Chicago by Maurice White in 1969, having grown out of a previous band known as the Salty Peppers. Other prominent members of EWF have included Philip Bailey, Verdine White, Ralph Johnson, Larry Dunn, Al McKay, Roland Bautista, Sonny Emory, Sheldon Reynolds and Andrew Woolfolk. The band is known for its dynamic horn section, kalimba sound, energetic and elaborate stage shows, and the contrast between Philip Bailey's falsetto vocals and Maurice White's baritone.The band has won six Grammys from their 17 nominations and four American Music Awards out of 12 nominations. They have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the Vocal Group Hall of Fame, the NAACP Image Award Hall of Fame, and Hollywood's Rockwalk, in addition to receiving a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. With sales of over 90 million records, they are one of the world's best-selling bands of all time. The band has also received an ASCAP Rhythm & Soul Heritage Award, BET Lifetime Achievement Award, and the Soul Train Legend Award, as well as a NARAS Signature Governor's Award, a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, the 2012 Congressional Horizon Award, and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2019.", "Q12315502": "Hans Peter Christian M\u00f8ller (1810\u20131845) was a Danish malacologist and Inspector of North Greenland.\nHe studied at the Sor\u00f8 Academy, where he studied theology and zoology. He later became a lieutenant in the Royal Danish Navy and traveled to Greenland to pursue his passion for malacology. While there, he wrote the Index Molluscorum Gr\u00f6nlandiae, which described all of the mollusks native to Greenland.From 1843 to 1845 he served as Inspector of Colonies and Whaling in North Greenland before his untimely death in Rome at the age of 34.\nM\u00f8ller's sister Sophie married Christian S\u00f8ren Marcus Olrik, who later also served as inspector.\n\n", "Q455562": "Yiannis Latsis (1910\u20132003), also known as John Spyridon Latsis, was a Greek shipping multi-billionaire tycoon notable for his great wealth, influential friends, and charitable activities.\nThe year of his death (2003), Forbes magazine ranked Yiannis Latsis number 101 on its list of the world's richest people, with a fortune estimated at $5.4 billion.", "Q4413": "Alpha Cond\u00e9 (born 4 March 1938) is a Guinean politician who has been President of Guinea since December 2010. He spent decades in opposition to a succession of regimes in Guinea, unsuccessfully running against President Lansana Cont\u00e9 in the 1993 and 1998 presidential elections and leading the Rally of the Guinean People (RPG), an opposition party. Standing again in the 2010 presidential election, Cond\u00e9 was elected as President of Guinea in a second round of voting. When he took office that December, he became the first freely elected president in the country's history. Cond\u00e9 was reelected in 2015 with almost 58 percent of the vote.Upon his election in 2010, Conde claimed he would strengthen Guinea as a democracy and fight corruption in his country, but he and his son have since been implicated in a number of corruption scandals mostly related to the mining industry, and suspected of election rigging.On 30 January 2017, Cond\u00e9 succeeded Chad's Idriss Deby as head of the African Union. He was later succeeded by Rwandan President Paul Kagame on 28 January 2018.", "Q152950": "Ann Little (born Mary Brooks, February 7, 1891 \u2013 May 21, 1984), also known as Anna Little, was an American film actress whose career was most prolific during the silent film era of the early 1910s through the early 1920s. Today, most of her films are lost, with only twelve known to survive.", "Q174029": "Pope Felix III (died 1 March 492) was the bishop of Rome from 13 March 483 to his death. His repudiation of the Henotikon is considered the beginning of the Acacian schism. He is commemorated on March 1.", "Q59155": "Arvind Kejriwal (born 16 August 1968) is an Indian politician and a former bureaucrat who is the current and 7th Chief Minister of Delhi since February 2015. He was also the Chief Minister of Delhi from December 2013 to February 2014, stepping down after 49 days of assuming power. Currently, he is the national convener of the Aam Aadmi Party, which won the 2015 Delhi Assembly elections with a historic majority, obtaining 67 out of 70 assembly seats. In 2006, Kejriwal was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership in recognition of his involvement in the grassroots level movement Parivartan using right to information legislation in a campaign against corruption. The same year, after resigning from Government service, he donated his Magsaysay award money as a corpus fund to found the Public Cause Research Foundation, a non-governmental organisation (NGO).\nBefore joining politics, Kejriwal had worked in the Indian Revenue Service as a Joint Commissioner of Income Tax in New Delhi. Kejriwal is a graduate in Mechanical engineering from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur. In 2012, he launched the Aam Aadmi Party, which won in the 2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election. Following the election, he took office as the Chief Minister of Delhi on 28 December 2013. He resigned 49 days later, on 14 February 2014, stating he did so because of his minority government's inability to pass his proposed anti-corruption legislation due to a lack of support from other political parties. On 14 February 2015, he was sworn in as Chief Minister for a second term after his party's victory in the Delhi Legislative Assembly election.", "Q761119": "Tiamat is a Swedish band that formed in Stockholm in 1987 and led by Johan Edlund. The band went through a number of stylistic changes, usually leaning toward gothic metal.", "Q2822350": "The Royal Naval Academy of France (French: L'Acad\u00e9mie royale de marine) was founded at Brest by a ruling of 31 July 1752 by Antoine Louis de Rouill\u00e9, comte de Jouy, Secretary of State for the Navy. This institutionalised an earlier initiative by a group of officers from the Brest fleet headed by the artillery captain S\u00e9bastien Bigot de Morogues who all wanted to contribute to the modernisation of the French Navy, a group which had very quickly received the approbation of Louis XV.\nde Morogues was named the Academy's first president and the institution gathered in astronomers, hydrographers, mathematicians and so on, including such names as Dumaitz de Goimpy, Borda, Th\u00e9venard, Marguerie, and Claret de Fleurieu, and three of its members (Claret de Fleurieu, Fleuriot de Langle, d'Escures) were to be found amongst La Perouse's expedition to the Solomon Islands which later disappeared. The Academy contributed greatly to the improvement of navigational instruments, and its graduates included \u00c9tienne Eustache Bruix.\nThe institution disappeared temporarily from 1764 to 1769, at the end of the Seven Years' War. In 1769, Aymar Joseph de Roquefeuil, commandant of the Brest fleet, obtained permission for its re-establishment from Louis XV and from Choiseul-Praslin, Secretary of State for the Navy. The Academy was linked to the Acad\u00e9mie des sciences by an edict of 1771, but was finally suppressed by the National Convention on 8 August 1793 at the same time as all the other academies. It was restored again under the Empire as the \"Acad\u00e9mie de marine\" and continues its work today.\n\n", "Q256230": "Fran\u00e7ois Hennebique (26 April 1842 \u2013 7 March 1921) was a French engineer and self-educated builder who patented his pioneering reinforced-concrete construction system in 1892, integrating separate elements of construction, such as the column and the beam, into a single monolithic element. The Hennebique system was one of the first appearances of the modern reinforced-concrete method of construction.\n\nHennebique had first worked as a stonemason, later becoming a builder, with a particular interest in restoration of old churches. Hennebique's B\u00e9ton Arm\u00e9 system started out by using concrete as a fireproof protection for wrought iron beams, on a house project in Belgium in 1879. He realised however, that the floor system would be more economic if the iron were used only where the slab was in tension, relying on the concrete in the compression areas. His solution was reinforced concrete \u2013 a concrete slab with steel bars in its bottom face.\nHis business developed rapidly, expanding from five employees in Brussels in 1896, to twenty-five two years later when he moved to Paris. In addition, he had a rapidly expanding network of firms acting as agents for his system. These included L.G. Mouchel and F.A. Macdonald & Partners in Britain, and Eduard Zublin in Germany. He was asked in 1896 by Hector Guimard for the terrace of the armory Coutolleau in Angers.\nThe first building erected using this system was the 1897 Weaver Building in what was then the Docks area of Swansea, but it was demolished in 1984 when the docks were redeveloped to make way for the Maritime Quarter development. A column from the fifth floor of the original building was preserved by the Science Museum, with another piece going to Amberley Museum. Another fragment lies by the side of the river Tawe, where a plaque commemorates Hennebique and his achievement. Between 1892 and 1902, over 7,000 structures were built using the Hennebique system, including buildings, water towers and bridges. Most of these were by other firms licensing the technology, although Hennebique designed some structures himself, including the 1899 bridge at Ch\u00e2tellerault (pictured).\n\n", "Q89604": "Friedrich Kay\u00dfler (7 April 1874 \u2013 30 April 1945) was a German theatre and film actor. He appeared in 56 films between 1913 and 1945.", "Q167733": "Barnard College is a private women's liberal arts college located in Manhattan, New York City. Founded in 1889 by Annie Nathan Meyer, who named it after Columbia University's 10th president, Frederick Barnard, it is one of many women's colleges founded in the nineteenth century. Barnard College is one of Columbia University's four official undergraduate colleges. The acceptance rate of the Class of 2023 was 11.3%, the most selective and diverse class in the college's 129-year history.\nThe college was founded as a response to Columbia's refusal to admit women into their institution. Barnard is affiliated with but legally and financially separate from Columbia. Students share classes, clubs, Greek life, sports teams, buildings and more with Columbia University. Students receive a diploma from both Barnard College and Columbia University.\nBarnard offers Bachelor of Arts degree programs in about 50 areas of study. Students may also pursue elements of their education at greater Columbia University, the Juilliard School, the Manhattan School of Music, and The Jewish Theological Seminary, which are also based in New York City. Its 4-acre (1.6 ha) campus is located in the Upper Manhattan neighborhood of Morningside Heights, stretching along Broadway between 116th and 120th Streets. It is directly across from Columbia's main campus and near several other academic institutions. The college is a member of the Seven Sisters, an association of seven prominent women's liberal arts colleges.", "Q96724": "Mi\u0161el Mati\u010devi\u0107 (pronounced [mi\u02c8\u0283\u025bl ma\u02c8tit\u0283\u025bvit\u0283], born 22.04.1970) is a Croatian-German film, television and theater actor. He is frequently cast as \"tough guy\" roles.", "Q440609": "No\u00e9mie Lvovsky (French: [lv\u0254fski]; born 14 December 1964) is a French film director, screenwriter, and actress.", "Q272386": "Caroline Munro (born 16 January 1949) is an English actress and model known for her many appearances in horror, science fiction and action films of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Q1380473": "Gabriel Gurm\u00e9ndez Armand-Ugon (born 1961) is an Uruguayan industrial engineer, business executive and government figure.", "Q24196": "The Hidden Face (Spanish: La cara oculta) is a 2011 Colombian thriller film directed by Andr\u00e9s Baiz. It stars Quim Guti\u00e9rrez, Clara Lago and Martina Garc\u00eda. The film was remade in Bollywood titled Murder 3 (2013) and in Mexico titled Perdida (2019).\n\n", "Q920574": "Britt Arenander (born 1941) is a Swedish translator, writer and journalist.\n\n", "Q790686": "Avex Group Holdings Inc. () is a Japanese entertainment conglomerate led by founder Max Matsuura and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Founded in 1988, the company manages J-pop talents like Ayumi Hamasaki and internet sensation PikoTaro. It has also shifted into other business domains like anime, video games and live music events, partnering with Ultra Music Festival and hosting the annual A-nation. The company is a member of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG) keiretsu.", "Q2934240": "Callista Louise Gingrich (n\u00e9e Bisek; born March 4, 1966) is an American businesswoman, author, documentary film producer, and diplomat who serves as the United States Ambassador to the Holy See. She is married to former Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives and 2012 Republican presidential candidate Newt Gingrich.President Donald Trump nominated her to be the United States Ambassador to the Holy See in May 2017, and the United States Senate confirmed the nomination on October 16, 2017. On December 22, 2017, Gingrich presented her credentials to Pope Francis and officially assumed the duties of United States Ambassador to the Holy See. She is the 11th U.S. Ambassador to the Holy See since formal relations were established in 1984 under President Ronald Reagan.", "Q429867": "Keeping Mum is a 2005 British black comedy/drama film co written and directed by Niall Johnson and starring Rowan Atkinson, Kristin Scott Thomas, Maggie Smith and Patrick Swayze. It was produced by Isle of Man Film, Azure Films and Tusk Productions, and was released in the United Kingdom on 2 December 2005, by Summit Entertainment. \n\n", "Q44662": "42nd Street is a 1933 American pre-Code musical film directed by Lloyd Bacon and starring Warner Baxter, Bebe Daniels, George Brent, Ruby Keeler, Dick Powell and Ginger Rogers. The choreography was staged by Busby Berkeley. The songs were written by Harry Warren (music) and Al Dubin (lyrics). The script was written by Rian James and James Seymour, with Whitney Bolton, who was not credited, from the 1932 novel of the same name by Bradford Ropes.\nThis backstage musical was very successful at the box office and is now considered a classic by many. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. In 1998, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". In 2006, it ranked 13th on the American Film Institute's list of best musicals.", "Q2061371": "Eri Jabotinsky (Hebrew: \u05e2\u05b5\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9 \u05d6\u05b7\u05f3\u05d1\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05d8\u05b4\u05d9\u05e0\u05b0\u05e1\u05b0\u05e7\u05b4\u05d9, also transliterated Ari, (1910-12-26)December 26, 1910 \u2013 (1969-06-06)June 6, 1969) was a Revisionist Zionist activist, Israeli politician and academic mathematician. He was the son of Ze'ev Jabotinsky, the founder of the opposition movement within Zionism at the time, and later served in the Knesset between 1949 and 1951, as a member of the opposition Herut party of Menachem Begin. Following his break with the party, he pursued his academic career.", "Q1199011": "Doggy Style Records (formerly known as Dogghouse Records) is an American record label founded by rapper Snoop Dogg in 1995. It is named after Snoop Dogg's debut album, Doggystyle.\n\n", "Q298818": "George Harris Kennedy Jr. (February 18, 1925 \u2013 February 28, 2016) was an American actor who appeared in more than 100 film and television productions. He played \"Dragline\" opposite Paul Newman in Cool Hand Luke (1967), winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the role and being nominated for the corresponding Golden Globe. He received a second Golden Globe nomination for portraying Joe Patroni in Airport (1970).\nAmong the notable films he had a significant role in are Charade, Strait-Jacket, McHale's Navy, Shenandoah, The Sons of Katie Elder, The Flight of the Phoenix, The Dirty Dozen, The Boston Strangler, Guns of the Magnificent Seven, Thunderbolt and Lightfoot, The Good Guys and the Bad Guys, Airport 1975, Earthquake and The Eiger Sanction.\nKennedy was the only actor to appear in all four films in the Airport series, having reprised the role of Joe Patroni three times. He also played Police Captain Ed Hocken in the Naked Gun series of comedy films, and corrupt oil tycoon Carter McKay on the original Dallas television series.", "Q4804838": "Sir Asher Alexander Joel (4 May 1912 \u2013 12 November 1998) was an Australian public figure and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council for 20 years. Although he was Jewish, he received a papal knighthood in 1994.", "Q461980": "Madalyn Murray O'Hair (born Mays; April 13, 1919 \u2013 September 29, 1995) was an American activist supporting atheism and separation of church and state. In 1963 she founded American Atheists and served as its president until 1986, after which her son Jon Garth Murray succeeded her. She created the first issues of American Atheist Magazine.\nO'Hair is best known for the Murray v. Curlett lawsuit, which challenged the policy of mandatory prayers and Bible reading in Baltimore public schools, in which she named her first son William J. Murray as plaintiff. Consolidated with Abington School District v. Schempp (1963), it was heard by the United States Supreme Court, which ruled that officially sanctioned mandatory Bible-reading in American public schools was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court had prohibited officially sponsored prayer in schools in Engel v. Vitale (1962) on similar grounds. Through American Atheists, O'Hair filed numerous other suits on issues of separation of church and state.\nIn 1995, O'Hair, her second son Jon Garth Murray (known as \"Garth\"), and her granddaughter and adopted daughter Robin Murray O'Hair (daughter of William J. Murray (her son) and his high school girlfriend Susan, disappeared from Austin, Texas. Garth Murray withdrew hundreds of thousands of dollars from American Atheists' funds, and there was speculation that the trio had absconded. David Roland Waters, a convicted felon and former employee of American Atheists, was convicted of murdering O'Hair, Jon Garth Murray, and Robin Murray O'Hair. The bodies were not found until Waters led authorities to their burial place following his conviction.", "Q983354": "Germinal Pierre Dandelin (12 April 1794 \u2013 15 February 1847) was a French mathematician, soldier, and professor of engineering.", "Q116055": "Helena Ara\u00fajo Ortiz (20 January 1934 \u2013 2 February 2015) was a writer and an international professor of Latin American literature and women's studies. Her works of literary criticism have appeared in various Latin American and European literary journals.", "Q436600": "Pilar Vel\u00e1zquez (born 13 February 1946) is a Spanish actress.\nBorn as Mar\u00eda del Pilar Vel\u00e1zquez Llorente in Madrid, she made her debut in 1964 at the Teatro Espa\u00f1ol, with the drama Caminos de Damasco. Between 1966 and 1977 she starred in about 50 films and television roles; she was active in Italian genre cinema, especially in spaghetti westerns. In 1979 Vel\u00e1zquez married the Spanish singer and actor Miguel Gallardo.", "Q119366": "Werner Kuhn (born 19 May 1955) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 until 2019. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.", "Q650529": "Harm Peter Hofstee (born 1962) is a Dutch physicist and computer scientist who currently is a distinguished research staff member at IBM Austin, USA, and a part-time professor in Big Data Systems at Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.", "Q648366": "Clarence Eugene \"Hank\" Snow (May 9, 1914 \u2013 December 20, 1999) was a Canadian-American country music artist. Most popular in the 1950s, he had a career that spanned more than 50 years, he recorded 140 albums and charted more than 85 singles on the Billboard country charts from 1950 until 1980. His number-one hits include the self-penned songs \"I'm Moving On\", \"The Golden Rocket\" and The Rhumba Boogie and famous versions of \"I Don't Hurt Anymore\", \"Let Me Go, Lover!\", \"I've Been Everywhere\", \"Hello Love\", as well as other top 10 hits.Snow was an accomplished songwriter whose clear, baritone voice expressed a wide range of emotions including the joys of freedom and travel as well as the anguish of tortured love. His music was rooted in his beginnings in small-town Nova Scotia where, as a frail, 80-pound youngster, he endured extreme poverty, beatings and psychological abuse as well as physically punishing labour during the Great Depression. Through it all, his musically talented mother provided the emotional support he needed to pursue his dream of becoming a famous entertainer like his idol, the country star, Jimmie Rodgers.As a performer of traditional country music, Snow won numerous awards and is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame, the Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame and the Canadian Music Hall of Fame. The Hank Snow Museum in Liverpool, Nova Scotia, celebrates his life and work in a province where his fans still see him as an inspirational figure who triumphed over personal adversity to become one of the most influential artists in all of country music.", "Q845515": "Transatlantic is a multinational progressive rock supergroup consisting of Neal Morse (ex-Spock's Beard), Roine Stolt (Kaipa, The Flower Kings), Pete Trewavas (Marillion, Edison's Children) and Mike Portnoy (ex-Dream Theater). They formed in 1999 as a side project to their full-time bands, but disbanded in 2002. They then reunited in 2009. Typical of the genre, the band's songs are often very long and regularly exceed 15-20 minutes in length.\nDespite not being an official member and not appearing on the studio albums, Daniel Gildenl\u00f6w (Pain of Salvation) has traditionally joined the band during live shows. However, due to illness, Ted Leonard (Spock's Beard, Enchant, Thought Chamber) stood in for him during the 2014 tour.", "Q96863": "Inge Viett (born 12 January 1944) is a former member of the West German left-wing militant organisations \"2 June Movement\" and the \"Red Army Faction (RAF)\", which she joined in 1980. In 1982 she became the last of ten former RAF members who escaped from West to East Germany and received support from state authorities including the Ministry for State Security.\nAfter reunification, convicted of attempted murder, she was sentenced to a thirteen-year jail term, but was released early in 1997, by which time she had, while still in prison, published her first book. Described sometimes in sources as a \"retired terrorist\", she differs from other leading participants in West Germany's extremist-terrorist wave of the 1970s in the extent to which she has been willing to talk about, and indeed to write about, those events from the activist perspective. Her participation in street demonstrations and apparent absence of contrition over her involvement with left-wing militancy continue to attract media interest and comment.", "Q638859": "Mills College is a private liberal arts and sciences college in Oakland, California. Currently, Mills is an undergraduate women's college for women and gender non-binary students with graduate programs for students of all genders. Mills was founded as the Young Ladies Seminary in 1852 in Benicia, California. The school was relocated to Oakland, California, in 1871, and became the first women's college west of the Rockies. In 2014, Mills became the first single-sex college in the U.S. to adopt an admission policy explicitly welcoming transgender students.Mills College offers more than 45 undergraduate majors and minors and over 30 graduate degrees, certificates, and credentials. It is home to the Mills College School of Education and the Lorry I. Lokey School of Business & Public Policy.", "Q433778": "Werewere Liking (born 1950, in Cameroon) is a writer, playwright and performer based in Abidjan, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire. She established the Ki-Yi Mbock theatre troupe in 1980 and founded the Ki-Yi village in 1985 for the artistic education of young people.\nHer novel Elle sera de jaspe et de corail is a song-novel recounted by a misovire (a post-gender being) in writing a journal on nine themes. She is the author of the African feminist theory \"misovirism.\"She received a Prince Claus Award in 2000 for her contributions to culture and society, and the Noma Award in 2005 for her book La m\u00e9moire amput\u00e9e.", "Q1936098": "Mimmo Poli (11 April 1920, Rome \u2013 4 April 1986, Rome) was an Italian film character actor. He was born Domenico Poli.", "Q196133": "Peppino Mazzotta (born 20 May 1971) is an Italian actor, known for playing police officer Giuseppe Fazio in Il commissario Montalbano mystery series based on the character and novels created by Andrea Camilleri. Mazzotta is a native of Domanico (Province of Cosenza).", "Q1347919": "Jimmy Rogers (June 3, 1924 \u2013 December 19, 1997) was a Chicago blues singer, guitarist and harmonica player, best known for his work as a member of Muddy Waters's band in the early 1950s. He also had solo hits on the R&B chart with \"That's All Right\" in 1950 and \"Walking by Myself\" in 1954. He withdrew from the music industry at the end of the 1950s but returned to recording and touring in the 1970s.\nHe is not to be confused with the country music singer Jimmie Rodgers or the pop singer Jimmie Rodgers.", "Q78004": "Hannelore R\u00f6nsch (born December 12, 1942 in Wiesbaden-Schierstein) is a German conservative politician.\nShe was member of the German Parliament from 1983 until 2002, and was Federal Minister for Family Affairs and Senior Citizens in the cabinet of Helmut Kohl from 1991 until 1994.", "Q283586": "The Master is a 2012 American psychological drama film written, directed, and co-produced by Paul Thomas Anderson and starring Joaquin Phoenix, Philip Seymour Hoffman and Amy Adams. It tells the story of Freddie Quell (Phoenix), a World War II Navy veteran struggling to adjust to a post-war society, who meets Lancaster Dodd (Hoffman), a leader of a religious movement known as \"The Cause\". Dodd sees something in Quell and accepts him into the movement. Freddie takes a liking to \"The Cause\", and begins traveling with Dodd's family along the East Coast to spread his teachings.\nIt was produced by Annapurna Pictures and Ghoulardi Film Company and distributed by The Weinstein Company. The film's inspirations were varied: it was partly inspired by Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard, as well as by early drafts of Anderson's There Will Be Blood, the novel V. by Thomas Pynchon, drunken Navy stories that Jason Robards had told to Anderson as he was terminally ill while filming Magnolia, and the life story of author John Steinbeck. The Master was shot almost entirely on 65mm film stock, making it the first fiction feature to be shot and released in 70 mm since Kenneth Branagh's Hamlet in 1996.\nInitially, the film was set up with Universal, but fell through due to script and budget problems. It was first publicly shown on August 3, 2012, at the American Cinematheque in 70 mm and screened variously in the same way, before officially premiering at the Venice Film Festival on September 1, where it won the FIPRESCI Award for Best Film. It was released in theaters on September 14, 2012, in the United States to critical acclaim, with its acting, screenplay, direction, plausibility, and realistic portrayal of post-World War II Americans praised. It further received three Oscar nominations: Best Actor for Phoenix, Best Supporting Actor for Hoffman, and Best Supporting Actress for Adams. In 2016, The Master was voted the 24th greatest film of the 21st century by 177 critics from around the world. Anderson has repeatedly claimed that The Master is his favorite film that he has made to date.", "Q180989": "Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 \u2013 May 28, 1935) was an American settlement activist, reformer, social worker, sociologist, public administrator and author. She was a notable figure in the history of social work and women's suffrage in the United States and an advocate for world peace. She co-founded Chicago's Hull House, one of America's most famous settlement houses. In 1910, Addams was awarded an honorary master of arts degree from Yale University, becoming the first woman to receive an honorary degree from the school. In 1920, she was a co-founder for the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). In 1931, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and is recognized as the founder of the social work profession in the United States. Maurice Hamington considered her a radical pragmatist and the first woman \"public philosopher\" in the United States. When Addams died in 1935, she was the best-known female public figure in the United States.In the Progressive Era, when presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson identified themselves as reformers and social activists, Addams was one of the most prominent reformers. She helped America address and focus on issues that were of concern to mothers, such as the needs of children, local public health, and world peace. In her essay \"Utilization of Women in City Government,\" Addams noted the connection between the workings of government and the household, stating that many departments of government, such as sanitation and the schooling of children, could be traced back to traditional women's roles in the private sphere. Thus, these were matters of which women would have more knowledge than men, so women needed the vote to best voice their opinions. She said that if women were to be responsible for cleaning up their communities and making them better places to live, they needed to be able to vote to do so effectively. Addams became a role model for middle-class women who volunteered to uplift their communities.\n\n", "Q186320": "The Grand Duchy of Baden (German: Gro\u00dfherzogtum Baden) was a state in the southwest German Empire on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918.It came into existence in the 12th century as the Margraviate of Baden and subsequently split into different lines, which were unified in 1771. It then became the much-enlarged Grand Duchy of Baden through the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1803\u20131806 and was a sovereign country until it joined the German Empire in 1871, remaining a Grand Duchy until 1918 when it became part of the Weimar Republic as the Republic of Baden. Baden was bordered to the north by the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Grand Duchy of Hessen-Darmstadt; to the west, along most of its length, by the river Rhine, which separated Baden from the Bavarian Rhenish Palatinate and Alsace in modern France; to the south by Switzerland; and to the east by the Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg, the Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Bavaria.\nAfter World War II, the French military government in 1945 created the state of Baden (originally known as \"South Baden\") out of the southern half of the former Baden, with Freiburg as its capital. This portion of the former Baden was declared in its 1947 constitution to be the true successor of the old Baden. The northern half of the old Baden was combined with northern W\u00fcrttemberg, becoming part of the American military zone, and formed the state of W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden. Both Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden became states of West Germany upon its formation in 1949.\nIn 1952 Baden merged with W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern (southern W\u00fcrttemberg and the former Prussian exclave of Hohenzollern) to form Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. This is the only merger of states that has taken place in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany.\nThe unofficial anthem of Baden is called \"Badnerlied\" (Song of the People of Baden) and consists of four or five traditional verses. However, over the years, many more verses have been added \u2013 there are collections with up to 591 verses of the anthem.\n\n", "Q124959": "Friedrich Rudolf Max Laurence (5 August 1852 \u2013 26 May 1926) was a German film actor.", "Q153509": "Makarios III (Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u0384; born Michael Christodoulou Mouskos (Greek: \u039c\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1\u03ae\u03bb \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2); 13 August 1913 \u2013 3 August 1977) was a Greek Cypriot clergyman and politician who served as the Archbishop and Primate of the autocephalous Church of Cyprus (1950\u20131977) and as the first President of Cyprus (1960\u20131977). In his three terms as president he survived four assassination attempts and a coup d'\u00e9tat. He is widely regarded by Greek Cypriots as the Father of the Nation or \"Ethnarch\".", "Q380925": "Matth\u00edas Jochumsson (11 November 1835 \u2013 18 November 1920) was an Icelandic clergyman, poet, playwright, and translator. He is best known for his lyrical poetry and for writing the national anthem of Iceland, \"Lofs\u00f6ngur\", in 1874.", "Q69109": "Urdorf is a municipality in the district of Dietikon in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland, located in the Limmat Valley (German: Limmattal).", "Q112233": "Joseph Gregor (* 26 October 1888 Czernowitz \u2013 12 October 1960 Vienna) was an Austrian writer, theatre historian and librettist. He served as director of the Austrian National Library.", "Q5692": "South Ostrobothnia (Finnish: Etel\u00e4-Pohjanmaa; Swedish: S\u00f6dra \u00d6sterbotten) is one of the 19 regions of Finland. It borders the regions of Ostrobothnia, Central Ostrobothnia, Central Finland, Pirkanmaa, and Satakunta.\nSein\u00e4joki is the regional centre and by far the largest city in the area.", "Q333251": "Peter Bradford Benchley (May 8, 1940 \u2013 February 11, 2006) was an American author, screenwriter, and ocean activist. He wrote the bestselling novel Jaws and co-wrote its film adaptation with Carl Gottlieb. Several more of his works were also adapted for both cinema and television, including The Deep, The Island, Beast, and White Shark.\nLater in life, Benchley came to regret writing such sensationalist literature about sharks, which he felt encouraged excessive fear and unnecessary culls of such an important predator in ocean ecosystems and became an advocate for marine conservation.", "Q217495": "Dame Jean Iris Murdoch (; 15 July 1919 \u2013 8 February 1999) was a British novelist and philosopher. Murdoch is best known for her novels about good and evil, sexual relationships, morality, and the power of the unconscious. Her first published novel, Under the Net, was selected in 1998 as one of Modern Library's 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. In 1987, she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Her books include The Bell (1958), A Severed Head (1961), The Red and the Green (1965), The Nice and the Good (1968), The Black Prince (1973), Henry and Cato (1976), The Sea, the Sea (1978, Booker Prize), The Philosopher's Pupil (1983), The Good Apprentice (1985), The Book and the Brotherhood (1987), The Message to the Planet (1989), and The Green Knight (1993). In 2008, The Times ranked Murdoch twelfth on a list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\".", "Q61555": "Qurratulain Hyder (20 January 1927 \u2013 21 August 2007) was an influential Indian Urdu novelist and short story writer, an academic, and a journalist. One of the most outstanding literary names in Urdu literature, she is best known for her magnum opus, Aag Ka Darya (River of Fire), a novel first published in Urdu in 1959, from Lahore, Pakistan, that stretches from the 4th century BC to post partition of India.Popularly known as \"Ainee Apa\" among her friends and admirers, she was the daughter of writer and pioneers of Urdu short story writing Sajjad Haidar Yildarim (1880\u20131943). Her mother, Nazar Zahra, who wrote at first as Bint-i-Nazrul Baqar and later as Nazar Sajjad Hyder (1894\u20131967), was also a novelist and protegee of Muhammadi Begam and her husband Syed Mumtaz Ali, who published her first novel.\nShe received the 1967 Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu for Patjhar Ki Awaz (Short stories), 1989 Jnanpith Award for Akhire Shab Ke Humsafar, and the highest award of the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship in 1994. She also received the Padma Bhushan from the Government of India in 2005.", "Q1929806": "Michael Weston King (born 11 November 1961) is an English singer and songwriter who formed the British country music duo My Darling Clementine and was formerly the leader of Alt country band The Good Sons.", "Q333537": "David John Mellor (born 12 March 1949) is a British broadcaster, barrister, and former politician. As a member of the Conservative Party, he served in the Cabinet of Prime Minister John Major as Chief Secretary to the Treasury (1990\u201392) and Secretary of State for National Heritage (April\u2013September 1992), before resigning in 1992. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Putney from 1979 to 1997.\nSince leaving Parliament, Mellor has worked as a newspaper columnist, a radio presenter, and an after-dinner speaker, served as Chairman of the government's 'Football Task Force', and established a successful career as an international business consultant and entrepreneur.\n\n", "Q38346": "Odo William Leopold Russell, 1st Baron Ampthill, (20 February 1829 \u2013 25 August 1884), styled Lord Odo Russell between 1872 and 1881, was a British diplomat and the first British Ambassador to the German Empire.", "Q526407": "Dieter Meier (born 4 March 1945, Z\u00fcrich) is a Swiss musician and conceptual artist. He is the frontman of the electronic music group Yello, which also includes music producer Boris Blank. He is a vocalist and lyricist, as well as manager and producer of the group.\n\n", "Q481874": "Amy Euphemia Jacques Garvey (31 December 1895 \u2013 25 July 1973) was the Jamaican-born second wife of Marcus Garvey, and a journalist and activist in her own right. She was one of the pioneering female black journalists and publishers of the 20th century.", "Q76997": "Moses Mendelssohn (6 September 1729 \u2013 4 January 1786) was a German-Jewish philosopher to whose ideas the Haskalah, the 'Jewish Enlightenment' of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, is indebted.\nBorn to a poor Jewish family in Dessau, Principality of Anhalt, and originally destined for a rabbinical career, Mendelssohn educated himself in German thought and literature and from his writings on philosophy and religion came to be regarded as a leading cultural figure of his time by both Christian and Jewish inhabitants of German-speaking Europe and beyond. He also established himself as an important figure in the Berlin textile industry, which formed the foundation of his family's wealth.\nHis descendants include the composers Fanny and Felix Mendelssohn; Felix's son, chemist Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy; Fanny's grandsons, Paul and Kurt Hensel; and the founders of the Mendelssohn & Co. banking house.", "Q67642": "Graben is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q6550727": "Lincoln High School is a public high school located in the Goose Hollow neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, United States. It was established in 1869 as Portland High School, making it one of the oldest public high schools west of the Mississippi River.", "Q7860144": "The Tyler School of Art and Architecture is based at Temple University, a large, urban, public research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Tyler currently enrolls about 1,350 undergraduate students and about 200 graduate students in a wide variety of academic degree programs, including architecture, art education, art history, art therapy, ceramics, city and regional planning, community arts practices, community development, facilities management, fibers and material studies, glass, graphic and interactive design, historic preservation, horticulture, landscape architecture, metals/jewelry/CAD-CAM, painting, photography, printmaking, sculpture and visual studies.Founded in 1935 by Stella Elkins Tyler and sculptor Boris Blai in nearby Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, Tyler moved to a new, 255,000-square-foot facility at Temple's Main Campus in 2009 with the cornerstone financial support of an allocation of $61.5 million from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. In 2012, Tyler's Architecture programs moved into a new facility connected to the main Tyler building. Temple's programs in Landscape Architecture and Horticulture (based primarily at Temple's suburban Ambler Campus) and its programs in Main Campus-based City & Regional Planning and Community Development programs joined Tyler in 2016, unifying all of the university's architecture and environmental design disciplines in one school for the first time.In 2017, arts administrator, art historian and curator Susan E. Cahan, formerly associate dean and dean for the arts at Yale College at Yale University, was appointed dean of the Tyler School of Art and Architecture by Temple President Richard M. Englert.In 2018, Temple University's board of trustees approved changes to Tyler's structure and identity in order to unify the school, integrate disciplines in architecture and environmental design, support cross-disciplinary studies and reflect current understanding of creative practice and research. On July 1, 2019, the school's name officially expanded from the Tyler School of Art to the Tyler School of Art and Architecture.", "Q152171": "The University of Bonn (German: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded in its present form as the Rhein-Universit\u00e4t (English: Rhine University) on 18 October 1818 by Frederick William III, as the linear successor of the Kurk\u00f6lnische Akademie Bonn (English: Academy of the Prince-elector of Cologne) which was founded in 1777. The University of Bonn offers many undergraduate and graduate programs in a range of subjects and has 544 professors and 32,500 students. Its library holds more than five million volumes.\nAs of August 2018, among its notable alumni, faculty and researchers are 10 Nobel Laureates, 4 Fields Medalists, 12 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners as well as August Kekul\u00e9, Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, Heinrich Heine, Prince Albert, Pope Benedict XVI, Frederick III, Max Ernst, Carl Schmitt, J\u00fcrgen Habermas, Konrad Adenauer, Paul Heyse, Otto Kirchheimer and Joseph Schumpeter.\nThe University of Bonn has been conferred the title of \"University of Excellence\" under the German Universities Excellence Initiative.", "Q77451": "Johann Gottfried Seume (29 January 1763 \u2013 13 June 1810) was a German author.", "Q2843": "L\u00fcbeck ( LOO-bek, German: [\u02c8ly\u02d0b\u025bk] (listen))(Danish: Lyb\u00e6k), officially the Hanseatic City of L\u00fcbeck\n(German: Hansestadt L\u00fcbeck), is a city in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany, and one of the major ports of Germany. On the river Trave, it was the leading city of the Hanseatic League, and because of its extensive Brick Gothic architecture, it is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. In 2015, it had a population of 218,523.\nThe old part of L\u00fcbeck is on an island enclosed by the Trave. The Elbe\u2013L\u00fcbeck Canal connects the Trave with the Elbe River. Another important river near the town centre is the Wakenitz. Autobahn 1 connects L\u00fcbeck with Hamburg and Denmark. Travem\u00fcnde is a sea resort and ferry port on the coast of the Baltic Sea. L\u00fcbeck Hauptbahnhof links L\u00fcbeck to a number of railway lines, notably the line to Hamburg.", "Q325355": "The Promise (German: Das Versprechen) is a 1995 German-language film directed by Margarethe von Trotta. It was an international co-production between Germany, France and Switzerland. Two young lovers in Berlin are separated when the Berlin wall goes up, and their stories intertwine during the three decades to German reunification. This film was chosen as Germany's official submission to the 67th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, but did not receive a nomination.", "Q78762": "Erwin Pr\u00f6ll (born 24 December 1946, in Ziersdorf-Radlbrunn), is an Austrian conservative politician (\u00d6VP). From 1992 to 2017, he was the Governor of Lower Austria.\nHe was born in Radlbrunn, Lower Austria and after obtaining his Matura at Tulln he studied at the University of Natural Resources (BOKU), Vienna.", "Q57781": "Walter Friedrich Schellenberg (16 January 1910 \u2013 31 March 1952) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. He rose through the ranks of the SS, becoming one of the highest ranking men in the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) and eventually assumed the position as head of foreign intelligence for Nazi Germany following the abolition of the Abwehr in 1944.\n\n", "Q25471": "Escape from Zahrain is a 1962 American action film directed by Ronald Neame and starring Yul Brynner, Sal Mineo, Jack Warden, Madlyn Rhue and Anthony Caruso. The film is based on the novel Appointment in Zahrain by Michael Barrett (1960).", "Q130092": "Val\u00e9rie Donzelli (born 2 March 1973) is a French actress, filmmaker and screenwriter. She has directed five feature films and two short films since 2008, including the film Declaration of War (2011).", "Q733918": "Christopher Lee DeGarmo (born June 14, 1963) is an American heavy metal and hard rock guitarist and songwriter, best known for being a rhythm and lead guitarist, backing vocalist, and primary songwriter in the progressive metal band Queensr\u00ffche from their formation in 1980 until 1998, and with whom he played during their most commercially successful period. He briefly returned for collaborations in 2003 and 2007. DeGarmo was a member of Jerry Cantrell's band during his 1998 solo tour, and also contributed to his 2002 album, Degradation Trip. In 1999, he co-founded the short-lived supergroup Spys4Darwin with Alice in Chains drummer Sean Kinney. Since departing from Queensr\u00ffche, DeGarmo has made his living as a professional private jet pilot. Since 2009, he has been making music with his daughter Rylie DeGarmo under the name The Rue, and collaborated with Alice in Chains on their 2018 album, Rainier Fog. DeGarmo was nominated for three Grammy Awards as a songwriter.", "Q52821": "Donald Mackay, (born 30 October 1936) is a Canadian scientist and engineer specializing in environmental chemistry.\nHe was a member of the faculty of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto and the founding director of the Canadian Environmental Modelling Centre at Trent University. He has developed several multimedia fugacity models. Mackay has stressed that principles of good practice also need to be adopted for chemical assessments, especially in a regulatory context.In 2004, he was invested as an Officer of the Order of Canada for having \"greatly contributed to the quality and our stewardship of the global environment\". In 2004, he was also invested into the Order of Ontario for \"his outstanding contributions to environmental science\".\n\n", "Q151478": "Gnaeus Fulvius Maximus Centumalus (c.\u2009340 \u2013 c.\u2009260 BC) was a military commander and politician from the middle period of the Roman Republic, who became consul in 298 BC. He fought in the final wars against the Etruscans and later led armies in the Third Samnite War. He was appointed dictator in 263 BC with responsibility for overseeing the start of the Roman ship building effort in the First Punic War.", "Q120281": "Martin R. Dean (born July 17, 1955 in Menziken/Aargau) is a Swiss writer.", "Q9916": "General of the Army Dwight David \"Ike\" Eisenhower ( EYE-z\u0259n-how-\u0259r; October 14, 1890 \u2013 March 28, 1969) was an American army general and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he became a five-star general in the Army and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942\u201343 and the successful invasion of Normandy in 1944\u201345 from the Western Front.\nEisenhower was born David Dwight Eisenhower, and raised in Abilene, Kansas, in a large family of mostly Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry. His family had a strong religious background. His mother was a Lutheran, married as a River Brethren, and later became a Jehovah's Witness. Eisenhower, however, did not belong to any organized church until 1952. He cited constant relocation during his military career as one reason. He graduated from West Point in 1915 and later married Mamie Doud, with whom he had two sons. During World War I, he was denied a request to serve in Europe and instead commanded a unit that trained tank crews. Following the war, he served under various generals and was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in 1941. After the United States entered World War II, Eisenhower oversaw the invasions of North Africa and Sicily before supervising the invasions of France and Germany. After the war, he served as Army Chief of Staff (1945\u20131948), as president of Columbia University (1948\u20131953) and as the first Supreme Commander of NATO (1951\u20131952).\nIn 1952, Eisenhower entered the presidential race as a Republican to block the isolationist foreign policies of Senator Robert A. Taft; Taft opposed NATO and wanted no foreign entanglements. Eisenhower won that election and the 1956 election in landslides, both times defeating Adlai Stevenson II. Eisenhower's main goals in office were to contain the spread of communism and reduce federal deficits. In 1953, he threatened to use nuclear weapons until China agreed to peace terms in the Korean War. China did agree and an armistice resulted which remains in effect. His New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing funding for expensive Army divisions. He continued Harry S. Truman's policy of recognizing Taiwan as the legitimate government of China, and he won congressional approval of the Formosa Resolution. His administration provided major aid to help the French fight off Vietnamese Communists in the First Indochina War. After the French left, he gave strong financial support to the new state of South Vietnam. He supported military coups in Iran and Guatemala orchestrated by his own administration. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, he condemned the Israeli, British, and French invasion of Egypt, and he forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet invasion during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 but took no action. After the Soviet Union launched Sputnik in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the Space Race. He deployed 15,000 soldiers during the 1958 Lebanon crisis. Near the end of his term, he failed to set up a summit meeting with the Soviets when a U.S. spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. He approved the Bay of Pigs invasion, which was left to John F. Kennedy to carry out.\nOn the domestic front, Eisenhower was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. He covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking executive privilege. He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and sent Army troops to enforce federal court orders which integrated schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. His largest program was the Interstate Highway System. He promoted the establishment of strong science education via the National Defense Education Act. His two terms saw widespread economic prosperity except for a minor recession in 1958. In his farewell address to the nation, he expressed his concerns about the dangers of massive military spending, particularly deficit spending and government contracts to private military manufacturers, which he dubbed \"the military\u2013industrial complex\". Historical evaluations of his presidency place him among the upper tier of American presidents.", "Q470133": "Rubem Fonseca (May 11, 1925 \u2013 April 15, 2020) was a Brazilian writer.", "Q116733": "Jacques Gruet (died July 26, 1547) was a poet and libertine put to death in Geneva during John Calvin's lifetime in the 16th century.", "Q128805": "Yu Oh-seong (born September 11, 1966) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles in The Spy (1999), Attack the Gas Station (1999), and Friend (2001).", "Q45385": "Carlos Bali\u00f1o (1848-1926) was a Cuban writer born in Guanajay, Cuba.\nHis early writings were poetry and prose. By 1869 his writings had gained notability for their anti-colonial and pro-independence inclinations; thus placing him at odds with the colonial authorities. He was forced into exile and lived in New Orleans, Louisiana, where he studied architecture.\nIn 1892, while living in the United States he, along with Jose Marti, founded the Cuban Revolutionary Party.\nIn 1902, a year after the United States signed the Platt Amendment, Bali\u00f1o returned to Cuba. While in Cuba he began to write more often, appearing in El Mundo and El Proletario, among other publications. In 1905 he published Bases Fundamentales (Principal Bases).\nIn his writings Bali\u00f1o addressed the position of the proletariat, the question of political power and argued for the creation of a classless society based on the socialization of the means of production. He was an early critic of neocolonialism and wrote the prologue and translation to Scott Nearing\u2019s 1921 anti-imperialist work, The American Empire.", "Q326884": "Peter Steen (22 January 1936 \u2013 7 February 2013) was a Danish film actor. Steen was born in Randers, Denmark, and appeared in over 50 films from 1964 onwards. In 2004 Steen won a Bodil Award as best supporting actor for the 2003 film Arven (The Inheritance).", "Q317481": "Clas H\u00e5kan Jesper Str\u00f6mblad (born 28 November 1972) is a Swedish musician who is the guitarist of the bands Dimension Zero and Cyhra, formerly In Flames and The Resistance. He is best known as founder and former guitarist/drummer/keyboardist of the Swedish pioneering melodic death metal band In Flames, guitarist of the band Sinergy, bassist of Ceremonial Oath and drummer of HammerFall. In 2013 he joined MDM band Nightrage as a session guitarist.In March 2004, Str\u00f6mblad (along with Bj\u00f6rn Gelotte) was ranked No. 70 out of 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Guitarists of all time by Guitar World.", "Q600478": "Pedro Benoit (February 18, 1836 \u2013 April 4, 1897) was an Argentine architect, engineer, and urbanist best known for designing the layout of the city of La Plata.", "Q545822": "Anna Chennault, born Chan Sheng Mai later spelled Chen Xiangmei (\u9673\u9999\u6885, actual birth year 1923 but reported as June 23, 1925 \u2013 March 30, 2018), also known as Anna Chan Chennault or Anna Chen Chennault, was a war correspondent and prominent Republican member of the US China Lobby. She was married to U.S. WWII aviator Claire Chennault.\nControversy surrounds Anna Chennault for the crucial role she may have played on behalf of the Richard Nixon 1968 presidential campaign in seeking to delay the Vietnam War peace negotiations. Such a delay would boost the chances for Nixon to win the presidential elections. Richard Nixon was not acting on behalf of the US government as of yet, and such interference in the peace process would, when proven, constitute treason according to the Logan Act.", "Q224739": "Eunice Elizabeth Sargaison (17 March 1928 \u2013 8 June 2018), known professionally as Eunice Gayson, was an English actress best known for playing Sylvia Trench, James Bond's love interest in the first two Bond films (Dr. No and From Russia with Love) and is therefore considered to have been the first-ever \"Bond girl\".", "Q213195": "Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904 \u2013 August 18, 1990) was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher. He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in 1974.Skinner considered free will an illusion and human action dependent on consequences of previous actions. If the consequences are bad, there is a high chance the action will not be repeated; if the consequences are good, the probability of the action being repeated becomes stronger. Skinner called this the principle of reinforcement.To strengthen behavior, Skinner used operant conditioning, and he considered the rate of response to be the most effective measure of response strength. To study operant conditioning, he invented the operant conditioning chamber, also known as the Skinner Box, and to measure rate he invented the cumulative recorder. Using these tools, he and C. B. Ferster produced his most influential experimental work, which appeared in their book Schedules of Reinforcement (1957).Skinner developed behavior analysis, the philosophy of that science he called radical behaviorism, and founded a school of experimental research psychology\u2014the experimental analysis of behavior. He imagined the application of his ideas to the design of a human community in his utopian novel, Walden Two, and his analysis of human behavior culminated in his work, Verbal Behavior.\nSkinner was a prolific author who published 21 books and 180 articles. Contemporary academia considers Skinner a pioneer of modern behaviorism, along with John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlov. A June 2002 survey listed Skinner as the most influential psychologist of the 20th century.\n\n", "Q703603": "Noise Records is a German heavy metal record label founded in 1983 by German music industry personality Karl-Ulrich Walterbach as an expansion of his company Modern Music Records. It was sold to the Sanctuary Records Group in 2001 and ceased any activity in 2007 due to the bankruptcy of Sanctuary. The Noise catalogue was consequently acquired by Universal Music Group later on. In April 2016, BMG Rights Management, which had acquired Sanctuary Records in 2013, announced that it would revive the Noise Records label.", "Q140575": "Zahi Hawass (Arabic: \u0632\u0627\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u200e; born May 28, 1947) is an Egyptian archaeologist, Egyptologist, and former Minister of State for Antiquities Affairs. He has also worked at archaeological sites in the Nile Delta, the Western Desert, and the Upper Nile Valley.", "Q327542": "John Irwin McGiver (November 5, 1913 \u2013 September 9, 1975) was an American character actor who made more than a hundred appearances in television and motion pictures over a two-decade span from 1955 to 1975.The owl-faced, portly character actor with his mid-Atlantic accent and precise diction, was often cast as pompous Englishmen and other stuffy, aristocratic and bureaucratic types. He was known for his performances in such films as Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961); The Manchurian Candidate (1962); and Who's Minding the Store? (1963). He appeared on many television shows and commercials during the 1960s and early 1970s, including the very first of a long running popular series of commercials for the American Express charge card (\"Do you know me?\").", "Q947316": "Jerry Samuels (born Jerrold Samuels on May 3, 1938), known by the stage name Napoleon XIV, is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He achieved one-hit wonder status with the Top 5 hit novelty song \"They're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa!\" in 1966.Under the name Scott David (his son's name), he co-wrote \"As If I Didn't Know\" with Larry Kusik, a top 10 hit for Adam Wade in 1961. Samuels also wrote \"The Shelter of Your Arms\", a top 20 hit for Sammy Davis Jr. in 1964.", "Q75246": "Heinrich Gottlob \"Heiner\" Rau (2 April 1899 \u2013 23 March 1961) was a German communist politician during the time of the Weimar Republic; subsequently, during the Spanish Civil War, he was a leading member of the International Brigades and after World War II an East German statesman.\nRau grew up in a suburb of Stuttgart, where early on he became active in socialist youth organizations. After military service in World War I, he participated in the German Revolution of 1918-19. From 1920 onward, he was a leading agricultural policy maker of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). This ended in 1933, when Adolf Hitler came to power. Shortly afterward Rau was thrown in jail for two years. As an enemy of the Nazi regime in Germany he was imprisoned, in total, for more than half of the time of Hitler's rule. After his first imprisonment he emigrated in 1935 to the Soviet Union (USSR). From there, in 1937, he went on to Spain, where he participated in the Spanish Civil War as a leader of one of the International Brigades. In 1939, he was arrested in France, and was delivered by the Vichy regime back to Nazi Germany in 1942. After a few months in a Gestapo prison, he was transferred to the Mauthausen Concentration Camp in March 1943. While in the concentration camp he participated in conspiratorial prisoner activities, which led to a camp uprising in the final days before the end of World War II in Europe.\nAfter the war he played an important role in the political scene of East Germany. Before the establishment of an East German state he was the chairman of the German Economic Commission, the precursor to the East German government. Subsequently, he became chairman of the National Planning Commission of East Germany and a deputy chairman of the East German Council of Ministers. He was a leading economic politician and diplomat of East Germany and led various ministries at different times. Within East Germany's ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) he was a member of the party's CC Politburo.", "Q431609": "Dhoom (transl.\u2009Blast) is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film written by Vijay Krishna Acharya and directed by Sanjay Gadhvi. The film stars Abhishek Bachchan, Uday Chopra, John Abraham, Esha Deol and Rimi Sen in lead roles. It is the first instalment to the Dhoom franchise.The film's story is penned by Aditya Chopra, who was produced the film also, under the banner Yash Raj Films.The cinematography was handled by Nirav Shah and original soundtrack is composed by Pritam while Salim-Sulaiman provided the background score for the film.\nDhoom was the first action film produced by Yash Raj Films in 16 years, ever since Yash Chopra directed Vijay (1988). It tells the story of a motorbike gang committing robberies throughout Mumbai and the police officer who teams up with a motorbike dealer to stop them.\nEarning over \u20b9290 million (US$4.1 million) Nett Gross in India, the film became one of the top-grossing Hindi films of 2004. It spawned a film series, with its sequel Dhoom 2, released on 24 November 2006, and Dhoom 3 released on 20 December 2013.\n\n", "Q157009": "Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, (Edward Augustus; 2 November 1767 \u2013 23 January 1820) was the fourth son and fifth child of King George III. His only child became Queen Victoria.\nPrince Edward was created Duke of Kent and Strathearn and Earl of Dublin on 23 April 1799 and, a few weeks later, appointed a General and commander-in-chief of British forces in the Maritime Provinces of North America. On 23 March 1802, he was appointed Governor of Gibraltar and nominally retained that post until his death. The Duke was appointed Field-Marshal of the Forces on 3 September 1805.Edward was the first member of the royal family to live in North America for more than a short visit (1791\u20131800) and, in 1794, the first prince to enter the United States (travelling to Boston on foot from Lower Canada) after independence. He is credited with the first use, on 27 June 1792, of the term \"Canadian\" to mean both French and English settlers in Upper and Lower Canada. The Prince used the term in an effort to quell a riot between the two groups at a polling station in Charlesbourg, Lower Canada. Recently he has been styled the \"Father of the Canadian Crown\" for his impact on the development of Canada.", "Q171970": "Marius Eug\u00e8ne Chaboud (12 April 1907 in Lyon \u2013 28 December 1983 in Montfermeil, Seine-Saint-Denis) was a racing driver from France. He participated in three Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, scoring one championship point. He also participated in numerous non-Championship Formula One races.\nHe completed his first car race in 1936 at age of 29 in a Delahaye sports car and partnered his mentor Jean Tr\u00e9moulet in the 1937 24 Hours of Le Mans race, where they failed to finish. The following year however the partnership won the race in a Delahaye. In 1939 he won the Paris-Nice road race for Ecurie France and after the Second World War he won the 1946 Belgian Grand Prix at Bois de la Cambre in a Delage.\n\nAfter Formula 1 was introduced in 1950, Chaboud drove a Talbot Lago T26 in several Formula 1 events, including three Grand Prix World Championship races, during 1950 and 1951, scoring only 1 championship point for a fifth place in the French Grand Prix.\nHe retired from the sport after crashing his Talbot-Lago T26 at Le Mans during the 1952 event, when he became trapped under his car.", "Q429046": "Jay Park (Korean name: Park Jae-beom (Hangul: \ubc15\uc7ac\ubc94; Hanja: \u6734\u8f09\u7bc4); born April 25, 1987) is a Korean American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, choreographer, entrepreneur, actor, member of the Seattle-based b-boy crew Art of Movement (AOM), and founder and CEO of the independent hip hop record labels AOMG and H1GHR Music.\nPark started as a b-boy and dancer, known for his charismatic performances and stage presence. Park was described as a \"born entertainer\" by Korean pop singer Patti Kim, and The New York Times quoted the president of digital music distributor DFSB Kollective describing Park as \"not just an artist, but also his own PR agent, fan club president, and TV network.\"Park initially rose to fame as the leader of South Korean boy band 2PM, formed by record label JYP Entertainment in 2008, after having previously been a trainee for four years. In September 2009, Park returned home to Seattle after comments he wrote about Korea in 2005 as a teenager were publicized by the Korean media; Park officially left the group in early 2010. In March 2010, Park uploaded a cover video of B.o.B's hit \"Nothin' on You\", with his own rap and lyrics, to YouTube, which went viral and reached over 2,000,000 views in less than 24 hours, leading to the release of Park's first EP, Count on Me in July 2010, which debuted at number one on the Gaon chart. Park returned to South Korea in June 2010 for the filming of Hype Nation, while being represented by Digital Media Wire's CEO and entertainment attorney Ned Sherman, and in July 2010, Park signed a contract with SidusHQ, one of the largest agencies in South Korea, re-debuting as a solo singer and an actor.Park's first mini album, Take a Deeper Look, released in 2011, went multi-platinum in South Korea. Park became the first ever artist crowned winner on a debut stage by winning on KBS' Music Bank with \"Abandoned\", and was the only solo artist to win \"Record of the Year\" at the 2011 Golden Disk Awards. Later in 2011, Park released singles \"Demon\", \"Girlfriend\", and \"Star\", co-starred in the Korean movie, Mr. Idol, and joined the cast of KBS' Immortal Songs 2. At the end of 2011, Park released an EP, New Breed Part 1; the precursor to Park's first full-length album.\nIn February 2012, Jay Park released his first full-length album, New Breed, quickly topping charts in South Korea and internationally, and went multi-platinum in less than a week. Park also released an English mixtape, Fresh Air: Breathe It, which became the first mixtape by an Asian artist to achieve gold status on DatPiff for surpassing 100,000 downloads. Following the release of New Breed in 2012, Park successfully held his first solo concert in Seoul, as well as embarking on tours around Asia and Australia. Park headlined the Verizon APAHM Tour in the United States, and was the closing act at MTV World Stage Live in Malaysia 2012. Also in 2012, Park returned to KBS' Immortal Songs 2, became a fixed panel member on MBC's Come to Play, and hosted tvN's Saturday Night Live Korea. Park became a permanent cast member of Saturday Night Live Korea in early 2013. In 2014, Jay Park performed 2014 South by Southwest (SXSW) as a Korean representative pop singer. Jay Park released his album Worldwide in November 2015.In August 2017, Jay Park announced a partnership with Jay-Z's entertainment agency Roc Nation, garnering worldwide recognition surrounding his foray into the US market as the first Asian American signed to the label. In 2018, Park dropped his debut US music capsule, Ask Bout Me.", "Q447953": "The University of Wuppertal (Universit\u00e4t Wuppertal) is a German scientific institution, located in Wuppertal, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. \nThe university's official name in German is Bergische Universit\u00e4t Wuppertal, or BUW. It was founded in 1972. In 2014/15, approx. 20,000 students were enrolled in a wide range of subjects with many interdisciplinary linkages between a total of 7 faculties.", "Q326648": "Salmonellosis is a symptomatic infection caused by bacteria of the Salmonella type. The most common symptoms are diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and vomiting. Symptoms typically occur between 12 hours and 36 hours after exposure, and last from two to seven days. Occasionally more significant disease can result in dehydration. The old, young, and others with a weakened immune system are more likely to develop severe disease. Specific types of Salmonella can result in typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever.There are two species of Salmonella: Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica with many subspecies. Infection is usually spread by eating contaminated meat, eggs, or milk. Other foods may spread the disease if they have come into contact with manure. A number of pets including cats, dogs, and reptiles can also carry and spread the infection. Diagnosis is by a stool test or blood tests.Efforts to prevent the disease include the proper washing, preparation, and cooking of food. Mild disease typically does not require specific treatment. More significant cases may require treatment of electrolyte problems and intravenous fluid replacement. In those at high risk or in whom the disease has spread outside the intestines, antibiotics are recommended.Salmonellosis is one of the most common causes of diarrhea globally. In 2015, 90,300 deaths occurred from nontyphoidal salmonellosis, and 178,000 deaths from typhoidal salmonellosis. In the United States, about 1.2 million cases and 450 deaths occur from nontyphoidal salmonellosis a year. In Europe, it is the second most common foodborne disease after campylobacteriosis.", "Q430503": "Sunday Dinner for a Soldier is a 1944 film directed by Lloyd Bacon and starring Anne Baxter and John Hodiak. It is based on a novelette by Martha Cheavens.\n\n", "Q780278": "William Wilson (13 November 1844 in London, England \u2013 1 June 1912 in Glasgow, Scotland) was a late 19th-century British journalist, swimming instructor and coach, and contributor to the scientific techniques behind competitive swimming. In 1883, Wilson published \"The Swimming Instructor,\" one of the first books on swimming to define modern concepts of stroke efficiency, training, racing turns and water safety.", "Q469476": "The American University in Cairo (AUC; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u200e Al-Jame'a Al-Amerikeya Bel-Q\u0101hira) is an independent, English language, private, research university in Cairo, Egypt. The university offers American-style learning programs at the undergraduate, graduate and professional levels, along with a continuing education program.\nThe AUC student body represents over 50 countries. AUC's faculty members, adjunct teaching staff and visiting lecturers are internationally diverse and include academics, business professionals, diplomats, journalists, writers and others from the United States, Egypt and other countries.\nAUC holds institutional accreditation from the Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE) and from Egypt's National Authority for Quality Assurance and Assessment of Education.", "Q1560657": "G\u00fcnter Kehr (16 March 1920 \u2013 22 September 1989) was a German violinist, conductor and academic teacher of violin and chamber music. He founded the Kehr Trio, a string trio, and the Mainzer Kammerorchester, a chamber orchestra, and toured internationally with both ensembles. Kehr was director of the Peter Cornelius Conservatory in Mainz from 1953, and professor at the Musikhochschule K\u00f6ln.", "Q160869": "Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 (\u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u2013 the younger); 18 November 1856 \u2013 5 January 1929) was a Russian general in World War I (1914\u20131918). A grandson of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, he was commander in chief of the Russian Imperial Army units on the main front in the first year of the war, during the reign of his nephew, Nicholas II. He proved incompetent in strategy, tactics, logistics and coordination with the government. After the Gorlice\u2013Tarn\u00f3w Offensive in 1915, Tsar Nicholas replaced the Grand Duke as commander-in-chief of the army. He later was a successful commander-in-chief in the Caucasus region. He was briefly recognized as Tsar, Emperor of Russia in 1922 in areas controlled by the White Armies movement in the Russian Far East.", "Q887132": "Kyansittha (Burmese: \u1000\u103b\u1014\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1038, pronounced [t\u0255\u00e0\u0274s\u026a\u0294\u03b8\u00e1]; also Kyanzittha or \"Hti-Hlaing Shin\"; 1030 \u2013 1112/13) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1084 to 1112/13, and is considered one of the greatest Burmese monarchs. He continued the social, economic and cultural reforms begun by his father, King Anawrahta. Pagan became an internationally recognized power during his 28-year reign. The Burmese language and culture continued to gain ground.\nIn his early life, Kyansittha was a popular and successful general who led Anawrahta's major military campaigns that founded the Pagan Empire. He was exiled twice in the 1070s and 1080s for his affair with Queen Manisanda. Kyansittha ascended to the Pagan throne in 1084 after suppressing a major Mon rebellion that killed King Saw Lu.His reign was largely peaceful. A great admirer of Mon culture, he pursued a conciliatory policy towards the Mon of the south, and continued the patronage of Mon language and culture at his court. It was in his reign that the synthesis of Burman, Mon, Pyu and Buddhist practices into a Burmese cultural tradition began to reach a level of maturity. The Burmese script began to be used alongside Pyu, Mon, and Pali. A peaceful Pagan grew wealthy from agriculture and trade, and large scale temple building began in earnest. Kyansittha completed Anawrahta's Shwezigon Pagoda and built his crowning achievement, the Ananda Temple. Pagan became a major center of Buddhist learning. Theravada Buddhism continued to gain ground although many Ari, Mahayana and Hindu practices continued to pervade. Pagan emerged a major power alongside the Khmer Empire in Southeast Asia, recognized as a sovereign kingdom by the Chinese Song Dynasty, and Indian Chola dynasty.\nKyansittha is one of the most famous monarchs in Burmese history. His life stories and exploits are still retold in Burmese literature, theater, and cinema.", "Q45391": "For the daughter of Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, see Anna de' Medici.\nAnna de' Medici (21 July 1616 \u2013 11 September 1676) was a daughter of Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and his wife Maria Maddalena of Austria. A patron of the arts, she married Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Further Austria in 1646. They were the parents of Claudia Felicitas of Austria, Holy Roman Empress.", "Q704178": "Henry II (French: Henri II; 8 November 1563 \u2013 31 July 1624), known as \"the Good (le Bon)\", was Duke of Lorraine from 1608 until his death. Leaving no sons, both of his daughters became Duchesses of Lorraine by marriage. He was a brother-in-law of Henry IV of France.\n\n", "Q262778": "Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. is a 2003 Indian Hindi-language comedy-drama film directed by Rajkumar Hirani (in his directorial debut) and produced by Vidhu Vinod Chopra. The story involves protagonist Munna Bhai (Sanjay Dutt), a goon, going to medical school. He is helped by his sidekick, Circuit (Arshad Warsi). It stars Sanjay Dutt, Arshad Warsi, Jimmy Sheirgill, Gracy Singh, Boman Irani and Sunil Dutt and was later followed by a second film Lage Raho Munna Bhai, and became the first instalment of the Munna Bhai film series. Sanjay Dutt said on 17 September 2019 that production on the third Munna Bhai film starring Dutt in the title role will begin in towards the end of 2020.It went on to win the 2004 National Film Award for Best Popular Film, and several Filmfare awards, including the Critics Award for Best Movie and Best Screenplay. At the box office, it achieved a silver jubilee status (25-week run) being one of only eight films to have achieved this status since the year 2000. In its 26th week of release, the film could still be found playing on 257 screens throughout India.", "Q824855": "Bernard Caesar Einstein (10 July 1930 \u2013 30 September 2008) was a Swiss-American engineer, the son of Hans Albert Einstein. Of the three known biological grandchildren of Albert Einstein, all sons of Hans, he was the only one to survive childhood.\nAfter attending UC Berkeley and ETH Zurich, Bernhard worked as an engineer at several companies and organizations including Texas Instruments and Litton Industries, receiving numerous patents in electronics.\n\n", "Q328665": "Jake Holmes (born December 28, 1939) is an American singer-songwriter and jingle writer who began a recording career in the 1960s.\nHolmes is the original author of the song \"Dazed and Confused\", later reworked by Led Zeppelin, and composed the music to the US Army recruitment jingle \"Be All That You Can Be\" in the 1980s. The jingle and subsequent advertising campaign was used extensively by the US government throughout the 1980s. Holmes also wrote the \"I'm A Pepper\" jingle, and with Randy Newman co-wrote the \"Most Original Soft Drink Ever\" jingle for the Dr Pepper soft drink.\n\n", "Q61227": "Petra Karin Kelly (29 November 1947 \u2013 c. 1 October 1992) was a German Green politician and ecofeminist activist. She was a founding member of the German Green Party, the first Green party to rise to prominence both nationally in Germany and worldwide. In 1982, she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for \"forging and implementing a new vision uniting ecological concerns with disarmament, social justice and human rights.\"", "Q539533": "Anne Beale (1816 \u2013 17 April 1900) was a popular English novelist and poet, based in Wales. Her poetry, novels, and stories appeared in print for more than fifty years during her lifetime, \"an unusually long career as an author\".", "Q344973": "Frederick Reginald Ironside (born February 12, 1950), known as Michael Ironside, is a Canadian actor and voice actor. He has worked as a voice actor, producer, film director, and screenwriter in movie and television series in various Canadian and American productions. He is best known for playing villains and \"tough guy\" heroes, though he has also portrayed sympathetic characters.", "Q165911": "Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978) is an American singer, songwriter, actor and dancer. He was born in Dallas, Texas, but raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee until moving to Atlanta, Georgia. At the age of 12, his mother put him in local singing competitions, before catching the attention of a music A&R from LaFace Records. He released his self-titled debut album Usher (1994), and rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album My Way (1997). It spawned his first U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one single, \"Nice & Slow\", among top-two singles \"You Make Me Wanna...\" and \"My Way\". 8701 (2001) produced the number-one singles \"U Remind Me\" and \"U Got It Bad\", as well as top-three single \"U Don't Have to Call\". It sold eight million copies worldwide and won his first two Grammy Awards as Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2002 and 2003.\nConfessions (2004) established him as one of the best-selling musical artists of the 2000s decade, selling 20 million copies worldwide. Bolstered by its four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number one singles\u2014\"Yeah!\", \"Burn\", \"Confessions Part II\" and \"My Boo\"\u2014it has been certified Diamond by the RIAA. Here I Stand (2008) and Raymond v. Raymond (2010) both debuted atop of the Billboard 200 chart and respectively produced the number-one singles \"Love in This Club\" and \"OMG\". The EP, Versus, produced top-five single \"DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love\", before releasing top-fifteen single \"More\". Looking 4 Myself (2012) also debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart with the top-ten single \"Scream\". The R&B ballads \"There Goes My Baby\" and \"Climax\" received Grammy Awards in 2011 and 2013. \"I Don't Mind\" also reached the top-fifteen in 2014, while Hard II Love (2016) peaked at five on the Billboard 200 chart.\nUsher has sold 23.8 million albums and 38.2 million digital songs in the United States. Internationally, he has sold 75 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. Usher has won numerous awards and accolades including eight Grammy Awards and 18 Billboard Music Awards. At the end of 2009, Billboard named him the second most successful artist of the 2000s decade, the number-one Hot 100 artist of the 2000s decade, and ranked Confessions as the top solo album of the 2000s decade. Billboard also placed him at number 6 on their list of Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years. Usher has attained nine US Hot 100 number-one singles. Considered an icon and sex symbol, he has had TV and film appearances and seen inductions into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame and Hollywood Walk of Fame. He owns the record label Raymond-Braun Media Group (RBMG), a joint venture with talent manager Scooter Braun that includes Canadian singer Justin Bieber.", "Q66548": "Collien Fernandes (born 26 September 1981 in Hamburg) is a German TV presenter, VJ, actress and model.", "Q186452": "Menahem ben Benjamin Recanati (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e0\u05d7\u05dd \u05d1\u05df \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05df \u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05e0\u05d8\u05d9\u200e;\n1223\u20131290) was an Italian rabbi who was born and died in the city of Recanati, who devoted the chief part of his writings to the Kabbala.", "Q152165": "Dominic Bernard Patrick Luke Monaghan (born 8 December 1976) is a British actor. Monaghan first gained fame as Hetty Wainthropp's sidekick Geoffrey in Hetty Wainthropp Investigates (1996\u20131998). He first gained exposure in film through his role as Sasha in the television film Hostile Waters (1997) based on the true story of a Russian and an American submarine colliding in the Cold War.\nHe achieved worldwide fame as he played Meriadoc \"Merry\" Brandybuck in Peter Jackson's epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings (2001\u20132003) based on the novel of the same name by J.R.R Tolkien. He extended his recognition with his role of Charlie Pace on the successful television show Lost (2004\u20132010). Also, Monaghan played the young mutant Chris Bradley formerly known as Maverick in the superhero film X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009). He currently hosts the nature programme Wild Things with Dominic Monaghan (2012\u2013present).\nMonaghan also appears as Beaumont Kin in Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (2019), reuniting with J.J. Abrams, the co-creator of Lost.", "Q612068": "St Germain is the stage name of Ludovic Navarre (pronounced [lydovik nava\u0281]), born 10 April 1969 in Boulogne-Billancourt, a French musician. His style has been described as being a combination of house and nu jazz music.", "Q78776": "Translated from German Wikipedia\n\nJosef Weinheber (9 March 1892 in Vienna \u2013 8 April 1945 in Kirchstetten, Lower Austria) was an Austrian lyric poet, narrative writer and essayist.", "Q60139": "Vittoria della Rovere (7 February 1622 \u2013 5 March 1694) was Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the wife of Grand Duke Ferdinando II. She had four children with her husband, two of whom would survive infancy: the future Cosimo III, Tuscany's longest-reigning monarch, and Francesco Maria, a prince of the Church. At the death of her grandfather Francesco Maria della Rovere, she inherited the duchy of Urbino which reverted to her second son, Francesco Maria, at her death. She was later entrusted with the care of her three grandchildren. Her marriage brought a wealth of treasures to the House of Medici, which can today be seen in the Palazzo Pitti and the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.", "Q78010": "Elisabeth Eleonore Anna Justine \"Elly\" Heuss-Knapp, (n\u00e9e Knapp; 25 January 1881 \u2013 19 July 1952), was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP), social reformer, author and wife of German president Theodor Heuss. She was the founder of the M\u00fcttergenesungswerk charitable organisation officially called Elly Heuss-Knapp Foundation in her honour.", "Q325427": "Harold Clifford Keel (April 13, 1919 \u2013 November 7, 2004), known professionally as Howard Keel, was an American actor and singer with a rich bass-baritone singing voice. He starred in a number of MGM musicals in the 1950s and in the CBS television series Dallas from 1981\u20131991.", "Q67130": "Riva San Vitale is a municipality in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland, located in the district of Mendrisio.", "Q547947": "Simon Frederick St George Kirke (born 28 July 1949) is an English rock drummer best known as a member of Free and Bad Company, the latter of which he has been the only continuous member since their inception.", "Q434003": "Holly Elizabeth Robinson Peete (born September 18, 1964) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Judy Hoffs on the Fox TV police drama 21 Jump Street, Vanessa Russell on the ABC sitcom Hangin' with Mr. Cooper, and Dr. Malena Ellis on the NBC/WB sitcom For Your Love. She also served as one of the original co-hosts of the CBS Daytime talk show, The Talk.\nAfter graduating from high school, Peete entered Sarah Lawrence College in New York. She majored in Psychology and French. After she graduated in 1986, she considered attending graduate school and perhaps working in languages for the U.S. State Department. However, she decided to give an acting career a chance. Within a short time, Peete found roles on a television series and in two films.\nPeete's children's book, My Brother Charlie, won her an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work in March 2011. In 2012 the book was awarded the Dolly Gray Children's Literature Award. \nIn March 2016, a reality series debuted titled For Peete's Sake, documenting the everyday life of her family. \nShe is currently partnered with GreatCall as a caregiver ambassador.", "Q4038001": "Eleven Seven Label Group is the American parent company of a group of rock and alternative rock record labels founded by Allen Kovac, CEO of 10th Street Entertainment, in 2006. The Eleven Seven Music label is the home of recording artists M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce, Papa Roach, and others.Eleven Seven Label Group was named Billboard magazine's Rock Label of the Year in 2010.In 2009, Eleven Seven Label Group created an alternative/indie sub-label called Five Seven Music for alternative rock bands such as Just Loud, Bleeker, Romes and Dirty Heads. The latter had three Top five Billboard alternative chart albums. Better Noise Records, another home for hard rock acts, was founded in 2015 as part of Eleven Seven.Eleven Seven expanded its base from New York City and Los Angeles, with the opening of international offices in London, England in 2012, and Berlin, Germany in 2019. The company entered into a global partnership with Marshall Records in 2018 in order to bring Marshall artists to North and South America via Eleven Seven's distribution system.In October 2019, Eleven Seven changed its name to Better Noise Music, with the Five Seven and Eleven Seven imprints keeping their names.", "Q114656": "Otto Mainzer (26 November 1903 in Frankfurt am Main \u2013 28 June 1995 in New York City) was a German-American writer. He was unconventional, and wrote about issues such as free love.\nMainzer was the son of Bertha Loeb. He graduated in Law in 1928 and received his doctorate in law. He then worked as a lawyer at the Berlin Court of Appeal. When he removed in 1933 because of his Jewish origin, he emigrated to Paris. There he made the acquaintance of Andr\u00e9 Gide, Heinrich Mann, Arnold Zweig and Erwin Piscator, who supported him financially. At the time of his Paris exile, Mainzer became acquainted with the writings of psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich. Under the influence of Reich's ideas about sex-economy, Mainzer produced some major works on sexual coercion. In 1941 Mainz continued his emigration, and went to the USA. There he met his girlfriend Ilse Wunsch and lived for 25 years, \"unmarried, in two different apartments, but in an intimate love relationship\" until they married. After his death in 1995 his wife established the Otto-Mainzer-Preis in New York for the science of love, worth 5,000 U.S. dollars. The last prize was awarded in 2015.", "Q105983": "Jella Lepman (15 May 1891, in Stuttgart \u2013 14 October 1970, in Zurich) was a German journalist, author and translator who founded the International Youth Library in Munich.\n\n", "Q68203": "Ponte Tresa is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q231320": "Jean Edith Camilla L\u00e4ckberg Eriksson (born August 30, 1974) is a Swedish crime writer. As of the early-2010s, her work has been translated into at least 40 languages in 60 countries.", "Q1146467": "Count Giannino Marzotto (13 April 1928 in Valdagno, Italy \u2013 14 July 2012) was an Italian racing driver and entrepreneur. Marzotto served as President of the Mille Miglia Club, and twice winner of race in 1950 and 1953.\n\n", "Q654983": "Norman C. Rasmussen (November 12, 1927 \u2013 July 18, 2003) was an American physicist.", "Q250912": "The Crow is a 1994 American superhero film directed by Alex Proyas, written by David J. Schow and John Shirley. The film stars Brandon Lee in his final film appearance. The film is based on James O'Barr's comic book of the same name, and tells the story of Eric Draven (Lee), a rock musician who is revived to avenge the rape and murder of his fianc\u00e9e, as well as his own death.\nThe lead actor, Brandon Lee, was accidentally wounded on set during filming by defective blank ammunition and later died in the hospital during surgery. With only eight days left of production, unfinished scenes that were to feature him were dealt with using a rewritten format in the script, a stunt double, and digital special effects. The film is dedicated to both Lee and his fianc\u00e9e, Eliza.\nDespite several production setbacks due to Lee's death, The Crow was well-received critically for its unique visual style, premise, emotional depth and its tribute to the deceased actor. The film opened at the top of the box office and attained a strong cult following. It is the first installment of a franchise, which includes three sequels and a television series.", "Q115548": "Hans-Peter Tschudi (22 October 1913 \u2013 30 September 2002) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1959-1973) heading the Department of Home Affairs (Swiss interior minister).\nTschudi was a member of the Cantonal Government of Basel-City from 1953 to 1959. He was affiliated to the Social Democratic Party. From 1956, he represented the canton of Basel-City in the Swiss Council of States, until he was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 17 December 1959.\nDuring his time in office he held the Department of Home Affairs and was President of the Confederation twice in 1965 and 1970. Tschudi handed over office on 31 December 1973. In his position as the head of the Department of Home Affairs , he promoted the expansion of social security during the economic boom years.", "Q333245": "Vere Brabazon Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough (27 October 1880 \u2013 10 March 1956) was an Anglo-Irish businessman and politician who served as Governor General of Canada, the 14th since Canadian Confederation.\nBorn and educated in England into 'the Ascendancy', the Anglo-Irish aristocracy, he graduated with a law degree from Cambridge University before entering politics as a member of the London County Council and then, in 1910, as a member of the British House of Commons. Upon the death of his grandfather 10 years later, Ponsonby succeeded as Earl of Bessborough and took his seat in the House of Lords. He was in 1931 appointed as Governor General by King George V, on the recommendation of British prime minister Ramsay MacDonald, to replace The Earl of Willingdon as viceroy, and occupied that post until succeeded by The Lord Tweedsmuir in 1935. Lord Bessborough is remembered for promoting new communication technologies as well as giving support to the Canadian population during the Great Depression.\nAfter the end of his viceregal tenure, he returned to London, where he continued in business and also work with the Dominions Office and the Foreign Office before his death in March 1956.\nThe 9th Lord Bessborough was the last Earl of Bessborough to own Bessborough House, the Ponsonby family's ancestral seat near the village of Piltown in the south of County Kilkenny in Ireland. The country house was largely built in the 1740s for the 1st Earl. It was gutted by fire during the Irish Civil War in February 1923. The 9th Lord Bessborough had the house rebuilt in the late 1920s. However, he sold the house in the late 1930s as he largely lived in Britain. The house now forms the main part of Kildalton Agricultural College.", "Q5686": "Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 \u2013 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime, and by the 20th century, critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories are still widely read today.Born in Portsmouth, Dickens left school to work in a factory when his father was incarcerated in a debtors' prison. Despite his lack of formal education, he edited a weekly journal for 20 years, wrote 15 novels, five novellas, hundreds of short stories and non-fiction articles, lectured and performed readings extensively, was an indefatigable letter writer, and campaigned vigorously for children's rights, education, and other social reforms.\nDickens's literary success began with the 1836 serial publication of The Pickwick Papers. Within a few years he had become an international literary celebrity, famous for his humour, satire, and keen observation of character and society. His novels, most published in monthly or weekly instalments, pioneered the serial publication of narrative fiction, which became the dominant Victorian mode for novel publication. Cliffhanger endings in his serial publications kept readers in suspense. The installment format allowed Dickens to evaluate his audience's reaction, and he often modified his plot and character development based on such feedback. For example, when his wife's chiropodist expressed distress at the way Miss Mowcher in David Copperfield seemed to reflect her disabilities, Dickens improved the character with positive features. His plots were carefully constructed, and he often wove elements from topical events into his narratives. Masses of the illiterate poor chipped in ha'pennies to have each new monthly episode read to them, opening up and inspiring a new class of readers.His 1843 novella A Christmas Carol remains especially popular and continues to inspire adaptations in every artistic genre. Oliver Twist and Great Expectations are also frequently adapted and, like many of his novels, evoke images of early Victorian London. His 1859 novel A Tale of Two Cities (set in London and Paris) is his best-known work of historical fiction. The most famous celebrity of his era, he undertook, in response to public demand, a series of public reading tours in the later part of his career. Dickens has been praised by many of his fellow writers\u2014from Leo Tolstoy to George Orwell, G. K. Chesterton, and Tom Wolfe\u2014for his realism, comedy, prose style, unique characterisations, and social criticism. However, Oscar Wilde, Henry James, and Virginia Woolf complained of a lack of psychological depth, loose writing, and a vein of sentimentalism.\nThe term Dickensian is used to describe something that is reminiscent of Dickens and his writings, such as poor social conditions or comically repulsive characters.", "Q271704": "Preslava Koleva Ivanova (Bulgarian: \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430) (born Petya Koleva Ivanova) (Bulgarian: \u041f\u0435\u0442\u044f \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430) on June 26, 1984), better known by her stage name Preslava, is a Bulgarian singer. She was born in Dobrich, Bulgaria. She is considered one of the key names in the Bulgarian modern music, and won more than 30 awards since her debut in 2004.", "Q664840": "Inspector Gadget is a science fiction comedy animated series co-created by Bruno Bianchi, Andy Heyward, and DIC's founder Jean Chalopin, and was originally syndicated by DIC Audiovisuel and Lexington Broadcast Services Company. The series stars the voice of Don Adams as the titular character, and first premiered on September 12, 1983. It is the first cartoon show to be syndicated by DIC, who specifically created the series to help expand into the North American market, and the first animated series to be presented in stereo sound. The program originally ran from 1983 to 1986, broadcasting 86 episodes over two seasons, and remained in syndication into the late 1990s. The show revolves around the adventures of a clumsy, dim-witted detective named Inspector Gadget \u2013 a cyborg human with various bionic gadgets built into his body - who is sent on missions to thwart plans by his nemesis Dr. Claw, the leader of an evil organization known as \"M.A.D.\", unknowingly being assisted by his niece Penny and their dog Brain.The TV series proved to be a success for DIC, not only encouraging the company to produce additional programs such as Heathcliff, but also helped launch the Inspector Gadget franchise, including additional animated series and two live action films, as well as a sequel in 2015. As of today, the rights to the series are owned by WildBrain through its in-name-only unit, Cookie Jar Entertainment.", "Q27514": "George Sabra (Arabic: \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0635\u0628\u0631\u0629\u200e, born 11 July 1947) is a member of the Syrian Democratic People's Party. He was elected president of the Syrian National Council, the main opposition group in Syria, on 9 November 2012 and later was acting president of the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces from 22 April \u2013 6 July 2013. He resigned from the National Coalition on 25 April 2018. Sabra is a Christian.", "Q42398": "Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0432, IPA: [\u02c8\u0282ol\u0259x\u0259f]; 24 May [O.S. 11 May] 1905 \u2013 21 February 1984) was a Soviet/Russian novelist and winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is known for writing about life and fate of Don Cossacks during the Russian Revolution, the civil war and the period of collectivization, primarily in his most famous novel, And Quiet Flows the Don.", "Q6137239": "Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is one of two potentially fatal syndromes of zoonotic origin caused by species of hantavirus. These include \nBlack Creek Canal virus (BCCV), New York orthohantavirus (NYV), Monongahela virus (MGLV), Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV), and certain other members of Hantavirus genera that are native to the United States and Canada.Specific rodents are the principal hosts of the hantaviruses including the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) in southern Florida, which is the principal host of Black Creek Canal virus. The deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) in Canada and the Western United States is the principal host of Sin Nombre virus. The white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) in the eastern United States is the principal host of New York virus. In South America, the long-tailed mouse (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus) and other species of the genus Oligoryzomys have been documented as the reservoir for Andes virus.", "Q440782": "Alexander Andreyevich Baranov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; 3 February [O.S. 14 February] 1747 \u2013 16 April [O.S. 28 April] 1819), sometimes spelled Aleksandr or Alexandr and Baranof, was a Russian trader and merchant, who worked for some time in Siberia. He was recruited by the Shelikov Company for trading in Russian America, beginning in 1790 with a five-year contract as manager of the outpost. He continued to serve past the end date of his contract.\nIn 1799 Baranov was promoted, appointed by the recently chartered Russian-American Company as Chief Manager, effectively the first governor of Russian America. He served until 1818. This was the early colonial period of expansion of settlements. He founded Pavlovskaya (Kodiak) and later New Archangel (Sitka), Russian colonies that were bases of the company in present-day Alaska. In addition, he oversaw the expansion of the lucrative fur trade with Alaska Natives.\nHe continued to support his Russian wife and children, who had moved from Siberia back to live near St. Petersburg. In Pavlovskaya, Baranov took an Aleut woman as mistress and had three mixed-race children with her. After learning that his wife had died in 1807 in Russia, he married his mistress, legitimizing their children. In 1817 Irina, his oldest daughter born in Alaska, married Semyon Yanovsky, a Russian naval officer. Late in 1818, Yanovsky was appointed as Chief Manager and successor to Baranov. That year Baranov departed to sail back to Russia, but he died in April 1819 and was buried at sea.", "Q1335425": "Michael Wayne Campbell (born February 1, 1950) is an American guitarist, songwriter, and record producer. Campbell was a member of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and co-wrote many of the band's hits with Petty, including \"Refugee\", \"Here Comes My Girl\", \"You Got Lucky\", and \"Runnin' Down a Dream\". His work outside the group included composing and playing on the Don Henley hits \"The Heart Of The Matter\" & \"The Boys of Summer\". Campbell, along with Neil Finn, joined Fleetwood Mac to replace lead guitarist Lindsey Buckingham on their world tour in 2018-19.November 11, 2011 Rolling Stone magazine named Mike Campbell to their top 100 guitarists coming in at number 79. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002.", "Q338310": "Mammo is a 1994 Indian Hindi film by Shyam Benegal. It stars Farida Jalal, Surekha Sikri, Amit Phalke and Rajit Kapur.\nThe film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi in 1995. Farida Jalal won Filmfare Critics Award for Best Performance, while Surekha Sikri won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress. It was the first film of his Muslim trilogy, which included Sardari Begum (1996) and Zubeidaa (2001). The film was critically acclaimed and is regarded amongst Benegal's best works.", "Q469310": "Anne Lauvergeon (born 2 August 1959) is a French businesswoman who served as CEO of Areva from 2001 until 2011. According to The Wall Street Journal, she is known internationally as one of the most prominent defenders of nuclear power.", "Q225355": "L'Ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re \u00e0 Marienbad (released in the US as Last Year at Marienbad and in the UK as Last Year in Marienbad) is a 1961 French-Italian Left Bank film directed by Alain Resnais from a screenplay by Alain Robbe-Grillet.Set in a palace in a park that has been converted into a luxury hotel, it stars Delphine Seyrig and Giorgio Albertazzi as a woman and a man who may have met the year before and may have contemplated or started an affair, with Sacha Pito\u00ebff as a second man who may be the woman's husband. The characters are unnamed.\nThe film is famous for its enigmatic narrative structure, in which time and space are fluid, with no certainty over what is happening to the characters, what they are remembering, and what they are imagining. Its dreamlike nature has both fascinated and baffled viewers; many have hailed the work as a masterpiece, although others have found it incomprehensible.", "Q743555": "Marwan Mohammad Ali Hamad\u00e9 (Arabic: \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u200e) (born 11 September 1939) is a Lebanese journalist and politician, who served in various capacities in different cabinets, including minister of education, minister of telecommunications, minister of economy and trade, minister of tourism, minister of health and minister for the displaced.", "Q601014": "Col. Antonino Ramirez Buenaventura (4 May 1904 \u2013 25 January 1996) was a Filipino composer, conductor, and teacher.\n\n", "Q677182": "Democratic Awakening (German: Demokratischer Aufbruch) was an East German political movement and political party that was active during the Fall of Communism and in the period leading up to the German reunification. While it was a relatively minor party, it took part in the first democratically elected government in East Germany in 1990, and is especially known because future Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel started her political career within the party.\nIt was founded on 29 October 1989, based on existing politically active church groups. Founding members included Wolfgang Schnur, Friedrich Schorlemmer, Rainer Eppelmann, G\u00fcnter Nooke and Thomas Welz. The organisation became a political party on December 16/17, 1989 in Leipzig. The party convention adopted a more conservative program than some of the founding members, like Schorlemmer, were willing to bear, so they left the party. Others, like Nooke, who left some time later, resented the growing cooperation with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) of East Germany, which had been a member of the Communist-dominated National Front of parties and mass organisations that had supported the Communist regime.\nDemocratic Awakening now supported rapid German reunification and joined the Alliance for Germany (Allianz f\u00fcr Deutschland) along with the CDU and German Social Union (DSU) for the 1990 Volkskammer elections on March 18. Only a few days prior to the elections, party chairman Schnur had to confess to having been an informer for the Ministry for State Security (Stasi), and resigned. Although Alliance for Germany won the elections, Democratic Awakening only collected 0.9% of votes, amounting to four seats in the Volkskammer. Eppelmann became minister for disarmament and defense in the new government and new party chairman. On 4 August 1990, Democratic Awakening ceased to exist after merging into the East German CDU, which in turn on 3 October 1990 merged into its West German counterpart, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).\nFrom February 1990, Angela Merkel served as the party's spokeswoman. After the mergers, Merkel was elected in the post-unification election as a member of the all-German Bundestag for the CDU, and eventually became Chancellor of Germany in 2005.", "Q235146": "Mili Avital (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05dc\u200e; born 30 March 1972) is an Israeli-actress, writer and director. Avital built an international career, starting in her native Israel, starring on stage, film and television. She won the Israeli Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1991, moved to New York in 1993 to study theater in English, was discovered by an agent while working in a restaurant, and started acting in Hollywood almost immediately. She has maintained her career in both countries since.", "Q60677": "Charles Proteus Steinmetz (born Karl August Rudolph Steinmetz, April 9, 1865 \u2013 October 26, 1923) was a German-born American mathematician and electrical engineer and professor at Union College. He fostered the development of alternating current that made possible the expansion of the electric power industry in the United States, formulating mathematical theories for engineers. He made ground-breaking discoveries in the understanding of hysteresis that enabled engineers to design better electromagnetic apparatus equipment especially electric motors for use in industry.At the time of his death, Steinmetz held over 200 patents. A genius in both mathematics and electronics, he did work that earned him the nicknames \"Forger of Thunderbolts\" and \"The Wizard of Schenectady\". Steinmetz's equation, Steinmetz solids, Steinmetz curves, and Steinmetz equivalent circuit theory are all named after him, as are numerous honors and scholarships, including the IEEE Charles Proteus Steinmetz Award, one of the highest technical recognitions given by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers professional society.\n\n", "Q18914": "Hwang Sun-w\u014fn (March 26, 1915 \u2013 September 14, 2000) was a Korean short story writer, novelist, and poet.", "Q78038": "Georg Friedrich Treitschke (German: [\u02c8t\u0280a\u026at\u0283k\u0259]; 29 August 1776 \u2013 4 June 1842) was a German librettist, translator and lepidopterist. He was born in Leipzig and died in Vienna.\nIn 1800 he came to the Vienna Hofoper. From 1809 to 1814 he was principal of the Viennese Theater an der Wien. He wrote mostly librettos for Paul Wranitzky, Adalbert Gyrowetz and C. Weigl (Weisenhaus, The Orphanage), and translated many French operas into German. In 1814 he revised the libretto of Fidelio at Ludwig van Beethoven's request.", "Q219484": "Theocritus (; Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, Theokritos; born c. 300 BC, died after 260 BC) was a Sicilian poet and the creator of Ancient Greek pastoral poetry.", "Q986210": "Englewood is a city in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 27,147, reflecting an increase of 944 (+3.6%) from the 26,203 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,353 (+5.4%) from the 24,850 counted in the 1990 Census.Englewood was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 17, 1899, from portions of Ridgefield Township and the remaining portions of Englewood Township. With the creation of the City of Englewood, Englewood Township was dissolved. An earlier referendum on March 10, 1896, was declared unconstitutional.", "Q615049": "Virgilio Rodr\u00edguez Macal (June 28, 1916 \u2013 February 13, 1964) was a Guatemalan writer, journalist, and diplomat who won various international and national prizes. As a novelist he is noted for integrating his deep knowledge of Mesoamerican and Guatemalan history and geography into his stories, often setting his novels in colorful Guatemalan jungle settings including its biologically rich flora and fauna.", "Q559589": "John Nathan Hostettler (born July 19, 1961) is an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from January 3, 1995, to January 3, 2007, representing the Indiana's 8th congressional district. He lost his reelection bid for a seventh term to Democratic challenger Brad Ellsworth in the 2006 midterm election, ending a twelve-year congressional career.\nIn 2010, he was a Republican candidate for the open U.S. Senate seat in the state of Indiana held by retiring Senator Evan Bayh. On December 3, 2009, Hostettler announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate, but lost the primary to former Senator Dan Coats.", "Q229547": "Born to Dance is an American musical film starring Eleanor Powell and James Stewart, directed by Roy Del Ruth and released in 1936 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The score was composed by Cole Porter.", "Q191660": "Sonata Arctica is a Finnish power metal band from the town of Kemi, Finland. Created as a hard rock band named Tricky Beans, they later changed to Tricky Means and finally to Sonata Arctica, when they shifted to power metal. The current line-up consists of singer, keyboardist and songwriter Tony Kakko, guitarist Elias Viljanen, bass guitarist Pasi Kauppinen, keyboardist and keytarist Henrik Klingenberg, and drummer Tommy Portimo. All the musicians of the band's history except Portimo also acted as backing vocalists.\nAs of 2019, the band has released ten full-length albums (three via Spinefarm Records and seven via Nuclear Blast), their most recent being Talviy\u00f6 on September 6, 2019.", "Q228659": "'38 \u2013 Vienna Before the Fall (German: 38 \u2013 Auch das war Wien) is a 1987 Austrian-West German co-produced drama film directed by Wolfgang Gl\u00fcck. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 59th Academy Awards. The German title is literally translated as '38 - That, too, was Vienna', but it is also known in English as '38 - Vienna Before the Fall. It is set in Vienna in 1937\u20131938 at the time of the Anschluss.\n\n", "Q69135": "Silenen is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.", "Q3371436": "Paul Harvey (September 10, 1882 \u2013 December 5, 1955) was a prolific American character actor who appeared in at least 177 films. He is not to be confused with Paul Harvey the broadcaster.", "Q10390": "John Sidney McCain III (August 29, 1936 \u2013 August 25, 2018) was an American politician and military officer, who served as a United States senator for Arizona from January 1987 until his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the United States House of Representatives and was the Republican nominee for president of the United States in the 2008 election, which he lost to Barack Obama.\nMcCain graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1958 and received a commission in the United States Navy. He became a naval aviator and flew ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. During the Vietnam War, he almost died in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire. While on a bombing mission during Operation Rolling Thunder over Hanoi in October 1967, he was shot down, seriously injured, and captured by the North Vietnamese. He was a prisoner of war until 1973. He experienced episodes of torture and refused an out-of-sequence early release. During the war, he sustained wounds that left him with lifelong physical disabilities. He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981 and moved to Arizona, where he entered politics.\nIn 1982, McCain was elected to the United States House of Representatives, where he served two terms. He entered the U.S. Senate in 1987 and easily won reelection five times. While generally adhering to conservative principles, McCain also had a reputation as a \"maverick\" for his willingness to break from his party on certain issues. His supportive stances on LGBT rights, gun regulations, and campaign finance reform were significantly more liberal than those of the party's base. McCain was investigated and largely exonerated in a political influence scandal of the 1980s as one of the Keating Five; he then made campaign finance reform one of his signature concerns, which eventually resulted in passage of the McCain\u2013Feingold Act in 2002. He was also known for his work in the 1990s to restore diplomatic relations with Vietnam. McCain chaired the Senate Commerce Committee and opposed pork barrel spending. He belonged to the bipartisan \"Gang of 14\", which played a key role in alleviating a crisis over judicial nominations.\nMcCain entered the race for the Republican nomination for president in 2000, but lost a heated primary season contest to Governor George W. Bush of Texas. He secured the Republican presidential nomination in 2008, but lost the general election. McCain subsequently adopted more orthodox conservative stances and attitudes and largely opposed actions of the Obama administration, especially with regard to foreign policy matters. In 2015, he became Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee. He refused to support then-Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump in 2016. While McCain opposed the Affordable Care Act, he cast the deciding vote against the ACA-repealing American Health Care Act of 2017.\nAfter being diagnosed with brain cancer in 2017, McCain reduced his role in the Senate in order to focus on treatment. He died on August 25, 2018 at age 81. Following his death, McCain lay in state in the Arizona State Capitol rotunda and then in the United States Capitol rotunda. His funeral was televised from the Washington National Cathedral, with former U.S. Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama giving eulogies.", "Q272225": "Terra Naomi is an indie folk singer-songwriter, who rose to fame through a performance of her song \"Say It's Possible\" on the video sharing site YouTube. Originally from New York State, but currently based in Los Angeles, she writes and performs her own songs, and plays the guitar and piano.\n\n", "Q1856022": "Thomas Raymond Mays (1 August 1899 \u2013 6 January 1980) was an auto racing driver and entrepreneur from Bourne, Lincolnshire, England.\nHe attended Oundle School, where he met Amherst Villiers, leaving at the end of 1917. After army service in the Grenadier Guards in France, he attended Christ's College, Cambridge, taking his first win at Brooklands while an undergraduate. Mays enjoyed the London theatre and watching Jean Borotra play tennis.", "Q33549": "Javanese (; \ua9a7\ua9b1\ua997\ua9ae, basa Jawa; \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627; Javanese pronunciation: [b\u0254s\u0254 d\u0361\u0292\u0254w\u0254]; colloquially known as \ua995\ua9ab\ua997\ua9ae, cara Jawa; Javanese pronunciation: [t\u0361\u0283\u0254r\u0254 d\u0361\u0292\u0254w\u0254]) is the language of the Javanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia. There are also pockets of Javanese speakers on the northern coast of western Java. It is the native language of more than 98 million people (more than 42% of the total population of Indonesia).\nJavanese is one of the Austronesian languages, but it is not particularly close to other languages and is difficult to classify. Its closest relatives are the neighbouring languages such as Sundanese, Madurese and Balinese. Most speakers of Javanese also speak Indonesian, the standardized form of Malay spoken in Indonesia, for official and commercial purposes as well as a means to communicate with non-Javanese-speaking Indonesians.\nThere are speakers of Javanese in Malaysia (concentrated in the West Coast part of the states of Selangor and Johor) and Singapore. Javanese is also spoken by traditional immigrant communities of Javanese descent in Suriname (the Dutch colony of Surinam until 1975) and in New Caledonia.", "Q752470": "The Orthodox Church of Finland (Finnish: Suomen ortodoksinen kirkko, lit. 'Finland's Orthodox Church'; Swedish: Ortodoxa kyrkan i Finland, lit. 'Orthodox Church in Finland'; Russian: \u0424\u0438\u043d\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c, lit. 'Finnish Orthodox Church') is an autonomous Eastern Orthodox archdiocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. The church has a legal position as a national church in the country, along with the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland.With its roots in the medieval Novgorodian missionary work in Karelia, the Orthodox Church of Finland was a part of the Russian Orthodox Church until 1923. Today the church has three dioceses and 59,000 members that account for 1.1 percent of the native population of Finland. The parish of Helsinki has the most adherents.", "Q327218": "The Glarus Alps (German: Glarner Alpen) are a mountain range in central Switzerland. They are bordered by the Uri Alps and the Schwyz Alps to the west, the Lepontine Alps to the south, the Appenzell Alps to the northeast. The eastern part of the Glarus Alps contains a major thrust fault which was declared a geologic UNESCO world heritage site (the Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona).\nThe Glarus Alps extend well beyond the canton of Glarus, including parts of the cantons of Uri, Graub\u00fcnden, and St Gallen. Conversely, not all the mountains in the canton of Glarus are part of the Glarus Alps, with those to the north of the Urner Boden and to the west of the valley of the river Linth considered to be part of the Schwyz Alps.", "Q9094": "Jos\u00e9 Alberto \"Pepe\" Mujica Cordano (Spanish pronunciation: [xo\u02c8se mu\u02c8xika]; born 20 May 1935) is a Uruguayan politician who served as the 40th President of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015. A former guerrilla with the Tupamaros, he was imprisoned for 12 years during the military dictatorship in the 1970s and 1980s. A member of the Broad Front coalition of left-wing parties, Mujica was Minister of Livestock, Agriculture, and Fisheries from 2005 to 2008 and a Senator afterwards. As the candidate of the Broad Front, he won the 2009 presidential election and took office as President on 1 March 2010.\nHe has been described as \"the world's humblest head of state\" due to his austere lifestyle and his donation of around 90 percent of his $12,000 monthly salary to charities that benefit poor people and small entrepreneurs.", "Q338338": "Shaun William George Ryder (born 23 August 1962) is an English singer, songwriter, television personality and author. As the lead singer of the Happy Mondays he was a leading figure in the Madchester cultural scene in the late 1980s. In 1993 he formed Black Grape, with Happy Mondays dancer Bez.\nRyder was the runner-up of the tenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!.The film 24 Hour Party People featured the story of Ryder's youth.", "Q940323": "William Morgan Shuster (23 February 1877 in Washington, D.C. \u2013 26 May 1960 in New York City), was an American lawyer, civil servant, and publisher, who is best known as the treasurer-general of Persia by appointment of the Iranian parliament, or Majles, from May to December 1911.", "Q176945": "Colleen Celeste Camp (born June 7, 1953) is an American character actress and producer. After appearing in several bit parts, she had a lead role in the comedy The Swinging Cheerleaders (1974), followed by roles in two installments of the Police Academy series. Camp appeared in supporting parts in Game of Death (1978), Apocalypse Now (1979), and The Seduction (1982), after which she played Yvette the Maid in the 1985 comedy Clue.Camp has continued to have minor and supporting roles in various independent and studio films, including Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995), Election (1999), Factory Girl (2006), Palo Alto (2013), and American Hustle (2013).", "Q969969": "Sir Cosmo Edmund Duff-Gordon, 5th Baronet DL (22 July 1862 \u2013 20 April 1931) was a prominent Scottish landowner and sportsman, best known for the controversy surrounding his escape from the sinking of the RMS Titanic.", "Q72273": "The Girl from Paris (original title: Une hirondelle a fait le printemps) is a 2001 French film directed by Christian Carion.", "Q98872": "Eduard Stadtler (February 17, 1886 in Hagenau \u2013 October 5, 1945 in NKVD special camp Nr. 7) was a German journalist and politician who formed the Anti-Bolshevist League in 1918. Stadler had begun advocating the creation of a \"national socialist\" dictatorship in 1918.Anton Drexler, the founder of the Nazi Party, attended Stadtler's lectures in Berlin.Stadtler had been a member of the German National People's Party (DNVP) until 1933 when he defected to the Nazi Party weeks prior to the DNVP being dissolved.", "Q64411": "Birr is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Aargau and the capital of Brugg (district). The village lies halfway between Lenzburg and Brugg. Birr has grown with its neighbour Lupfig into a conurbation.\nBirr is known as one of the places where the Swiss educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi established new standards in education. His gravesite in Birr is listed as a heritage site of national significance.", "Q1422458": "The University of Bath is a public university located in Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom. It received its royal charter in 1966, along with a number of other institutions following the Robbins Report. Like the University of Bristol and University of the West of England, Bath can trace its roots to the Merchant Venturers' Technical College, established in Bristol as a school in 1595 by the Society of Merchant Venturers. The university's main campus is located on Claverton Down, a site overlooking the city of Bath, and was purpose-built, constructed from 1964 in the modernist style of the time.\nIn the 2014 Research Excellence Framework, 32% of Bath's submitted research activity achieved the highest possible classification of 4*, defined as world-leading in terms of originality, significance and rigour. 87% was graded 4*/3*, defined as world-leading/internationally excellent. The annual income of the institution for 2017\u201318 was \u00a3287.9 million of which \u00a337.0 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3283.1 million.As of 2019, in national rankings the university is currently placed 6th according to The Guardian, 9th in the Complete University Guide and 11th by the Times/Sunday Times. Internationally it is placed in the top 400 by the 2016 ARWU and has featured in the top 300 in the 2016, 2017 and 2018 THE World University Rankings. In The Times and The Sunday Times Good University Guide 2014 the university was awarded the title of \"Best Campus University in Britain\". and in 2012 the title of 'University of the Year 2011/12'.The university is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Association of MBAs, the European Quality Improvement System, the European University Association, Universities UK and GW4.", "Q255842": "Mary Carr (n\u00e9e Kenevan) (March 14, 1874 \u2013 June 24, 1973), was an American film actress and was married to the actor William Carr (1866\u20131937). She appeared in 144 films between 1915 and 1956. She was given some of filmdoms plum mother roles in silent pictures, especially Fox's 1920 Over the Hill to the Poorhouse which was a great success. She was interred in Calvary Cemetery. Carr bore a strong resemblance to Lucy Beaumont, another famous character actress of the time who specialized in mother roles. As older actresses such as Mary Maurice and Anna Townsend passed on, Carr, still in her forties, seem to inherit all the matriarchal roles in silent films.Mary Carr appeared on the June 9, 1954 episode of the radio quiz program \"You Bet Your Life\", hosted by comedian Groucho Marx.The Carrs' oldest son, William (1902\u201304), died at two years of age. Almost all of her children were involved in the film business and appeared with her in Over the Hill. They are as follows:\n\nJohn Carr (January 2, 1904 \u2013 November 27, 1956)\nStephen Carr (April 23, 1906 \u2013 May 20, 1986)\nThomas Carr (July 4, 1907 \u2013 April 23, 1997)\nRosemary Carr (October 2, 1910 \u2013 April 24, 1987)\nMaybeth (Mary Elizabeth) Carr (May 4, 1912 \u2013 December 27, 1996) m. Pete Carpenter\nMarie Luella Carr Walsh (October 18, 1899 \u2013 January 16, 1937)", "Q385861": "Proyecto Uno (in English: Project One) is a Dominican-American hip hop/Merengue house group which helped popularize a style of music which blends merengue with techno, dancehall, reggae and hip-hop/rap music. The band was founded in New York City's East Side in 1989 by Nelson Zapata and managed by Porfirio \"Popi\" Pi\u00f1a. Originally formed as traditional merengue band, Proyecto Uno received recognition in the 1990s after Magic Juan joined the group as a lead vocalist and incorporating modern Afro-American and North American music known as \"merengue hip hop\". The group won Billboard Latin Music Awards, Premios Lo Nuestro, and an Emmy award.\nThe actual members are Nelson Zapata, Kid G, and Paolo Tondo. The manager of the group currently is Rafael Zapata (Don Rafa) .", "Q296809": "Ferenc Moln\u00e1r (US: FERR-ents MOHL-nar, -\u2060\u0259nts -\u2060, -\u2060 MAWL-, Hungarian: [\u02c8f\u025br\u025bnt\u0361s \u02c8molna\u02d0r]; born Ferenc Neumann; 12 January 1878 \u2013 1 April 1952), often anglicized as Franz Molnar, was a Hungarian-born author, stage-director, dramatist, and poet, widely regarded as Hungary\u2019s most celebrated and controversial playwright. His primary aim through his writing was to entertain by transforming his personal experiences into literary works of art. He was never connected to any one literary movement but he did utilize the precepts of naturalism, Neo-Romanticism, Expressionism, and the Freudian psychoanalytical concepts, but only as long as they suited his desires. \u201cBy fusing the realistic narrative and stage tradition of Hungary with Western influences into a cosmopolitan amalgam, Moln\u00e1r emerged as a versatile artist whose style was uniquely his own.\u201d As a novelist, Moln\u00e1r may best be remembered for The Paul Street Boys, the story of two rival gangs of youths in Budapest. It has been translated into fourteen languages and adapted for the stage and film. It has been considered a masterpiece by many. It was, however, as a playwright that he made his greatest contribution and how he is best known internationally. \"In his graceful, whimsical, sophisticated drawing-room comedies, he provided a felicitous synthesis of naturalism]] and fantasy, realism and romanticism, cynicism and sentimentality, the profane and the sublime.\" Out of his many plays, The Devil, Liliom, The Swan, The Guardsman and The Play's the Thing endure as classics. He was influenced by the likes of Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw, and Gerhart Hauptmann. He immigrated to the United States to escape persecution of Hungarian Jews during World War II and later adopted American citizenship. Moln\u00e1r\u2019s plays continue to be relevant and are performed all over the world. His national and international fame has inspired many Hungarian playwrights including Elem\u00e9r Boross, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Fodor, Lajos B\u00edr\u00f3, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 B\u00fas-Fekete, Ern\u0151 Vajda, Attila Orb\u00f3k, and Imre F\u00f6ldes, among others.\n\n", "Q128187": "Machete Kills is a 2013 American action exploitation film co-written and directed by Robert Rodriguez. It is a sequel to Machete, the third film based on a Grindhouse fake trailer and the second spin-off of the Spy Kids franchise. Danny Trejo, Michelle Rodriguez, Tom Savini, Billy Blair, Electra and Elise Avellan, Felix Sabates, and Jessica Alba reprise their roles from the first film, and are joined by series newcomers Mel Gibson, Demi\u00e1n Bichir, Amber Heard, Sof\u00eda Vergara, Lady Gaga, Antonio Banderas, Cuba Gooding Jr., Vanessa Hudgens, Alexa Vega, William Sadler, Marko Zaror, and Charlie Sheen (credited by his birth name of \"Carlos Est\u00e9vez\"). The film follows the titular ex-federal (Trejo) as he is recruited by the U.S. President (Sheen) to stop an arms dealer (Gibson) and a revolutionary (Bichir).The film was released on October 11, 2013, failing to recoup its budget of $20 million and received mixed reviews. Critics cited the overuse of plot points, poorly produced CGI, and the 'out-of-place' science fiction elements.", "Q951548": "Yannick N\u00e9zet-S\u00e9guin, CC (French pronunciation: \u200b[ja.nik ne.z\u025b se.\u0261\u025b\u0303]; born Yannick S\u00e9guin; 6 March 1975) is a Canadian conductor and pianist. He is currently music director of the Orchestre M\u00e9tropolitain (Montr\u00e9al), the Metropolitan Opera, and the Philadelphia Orchestra. He was also principal conductor of the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra from 2008 to 2018.", "Q74164": "Erika Mann (born 2 November 1950 in Leipzig) is a German politician and was a Member of the European Parliament with the Social Democratic Party of Germany from 1994\u20132004. She was part of the Socialist Group and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on International Trade.\nShe was present at The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel in Mumbai during the 2008 terror attacks.\nShe was a substitute for the Committee on Budgetary Control and the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy.", "Q126814": "Amand Geogg (born in Germany; 1820-1897) was a journalist and a democrat. In 1849, he became a member of the provisional revolutionary government in Baden. He was a member of the First International and in the 1870s he joined the German Social Democratic Party. Amand Geogg died in 1897.Goegg was married to the Swiss feminist Marie Goegg-Pouchoulin.", "Q1066953": "Charlie Monroe (July 4, 1903 \u2013 September 27, 1975) was an American country and bluegrass music guitarist.", "Q1397912": "Patrick Hawkins (December 4, 1970 \u2013 February 3, 1998), better known by his stage name Fat Pat (also known as Mr. Fat Pat), was an American rapper from Houston, Texas who was a member of DEA (Dead End Alliance) with his brother John \"Big Hawk\" Hawkins and DJ Screw, and Kay-K, all original members of the Screwed Up Click (S.U.C.).Wreckshop Records released his first two albums, Ghetto Dreams and Throwed In Da Game in 1998 after his death. Later releases were on the Screwed Up Click label.", "Q533750": "Patricia F. Russo (born June 12, 1952, in Trenton, New Jersey is an American businessperson. Russo is most widely known for having served as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Lucent Technologies, and its successor, Alcatel-Lucent, a large communications equipment manufacturer. As of 2020, she serves on the Board of Directors of General Motors, Merck & Co., and Arconic, Inc. She serves as Chairwoman of the nonprofit organization, Partnership at Drugfree.org. Prior to the split of Hewlett-Packard into two companies in 2015, Russo served as Lead Independent Director. She now serves as Chairwoman of Hewlett Packard Enterprise.Forbes Magazine rated Russo as 10th on its List of the World's 100 Most Powerful Women in 2006.", "Q366244": "Sun Valley Serenade is a 1941 musical film directed by H. Bruce Humberstone and starring Sonja Henie, John Payne, Glenn Miller, Milton Berle, and Lynn Bari. It features the Glenn Miller Orchestra as well as dancing by the Nicholas Brothers. It also features Dorothy Dandridge, performing \"Chattanooga Choo Choo\", which was nominated for an Oscar for Best Song, was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1996, and was awarded the first Gold Record for sales of 1.2 million.", "Q862828": "The Unified Socialist Party (French: Parti Socialiste Unifi\u00e9, PSU) was a socialist political party in France, founded on April 3, 1960. It was originally led by \u00c9douard Depreux (from its creation to 1967).", "Q320211": "Stanley \"Stan\" Winston (April 7, 1946 \u2013 June 15, 2008) was an American television and film special make-up effects creator. He was best known for his work in the Terminator series, the first three Jurassic Park films, Aliens, the first two Predator films, Inspector Gadget, Iron Man and Edward Scissorhands. He won four Academy Awards for his work.\nWinston, a frequent collaborator with director James Cameron, owned several effects studios, including Stan Winston Digital. The established areas of expertise for Winston were in makeup, puppets and practical effects, but he had recently expanded his studio to encompass digital effects as well.", "Q65069": "Sils im Domleschg (Romansh: Seglias) is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q242480": "Bridie Carter (born 18 December 1970) is an Australian actress best known for her role as the main character of Tess Silverman McLeod on the television drama series McLeod's Daughters.", "Q937815": "Jamie O'Neill (born 1 January 1962 in D\u00fan Laoghaire, Ireland) is an Irish author. His critically acclaimed novel, At Swim, Two Boys (2001), earned him the highest advance ever paid for an Irish novel and frequent praise as the natural successor to James Joyce, Flann O'Brien and Samuel Beckett. He is currently living in Gortachalla in County Galway, having previously lived and worked in England for two decades.\nO'Neill's work follows the imaginative route in Irish literature, unlike his realist contemporaries such as Colm T\u00f3ib\u00edn or John McGahern. Terry Pender commented on At Swim, Two Boys: \"With only this work O'Neill can take his rightful place among the great Irish writers beginning with Joyce and ending with Roddy Doyle\".", "Q72515": "Viscount Kodama Gentar\u014d (\u5152\u7389 \u6e90\u592a\u90ce, 16 March 1852 \u2013 23 July 1906) was a Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army, and government minister during Meiji period Japan. He was instrumental in establishing the modern Imperial Japanese military.\n\n", "Q573374": "Jan Dibbets (born 9 May 1941, in Weert) is an Amsterdam-based Dutch conceptual artist. His work is influenced by mathematics and works mainly with photography.", "Q1085410": "Christoph Letkowski (born 16 June 1982) is a German actor. He appeared in more than forty films since 2006.\n\n", "Q157035": "B\u00fcckeburg is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, on the border with North Rhine Westphalia. It is located in the district of Schaumburg close to the northern slopes of the Weserbergland ridge. Population: 21,030.", "Q234516": "Teresa Mary Palmer (born 26 February 1986) is an Australian actress, writer, model and film producer. She began her career with roles in such films as Bedtime Stories (2008), The Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010), and Take Me Home Tonight (2011). She received further recognition for starring in the films Warm Bodies (2013), Lights Out (2016), Hacksaw Ridge (2016), and Berlin Syndrome (2017). She also starred in, co-wrote, and co-produced the drama film The Ever After (2014), with her husband Mark Webber.\nSince 2018, Palmer has starred as Diana Bishop in the supernatural drama series A Discovery of Witches.", "Q587593": "Lev Chernyi (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0427\u0451\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439, IPA: [\u02c8l\u02b2\u025bf \u02c8t\u0255\u0275rn\u0268j] (listen); died September 21, 1921) was a Russian individualist anarchist theorist, activist and poet, and a leading figure of the Third Russian Revolution. In 1917, Chernyi was released from his political imprisonment by the Imperial Russian regime, and swiftly became one of the leading figures in Russian anarchism. After strongly denouncing the new Bolshevik government in various anarchist publications and joining several underground resistance movements, Chernyi was arrested by the Cheka on a charge of counterfeiting and in 1921 was executed without trial.", "Q105015": "Werner Pidde (born 28 July 1953 in Waltershausen) is a German politician. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party's delegation in the Landtag of Thuringia since 1994.", "Q463615": "Capote is a 2005 biographical film about Truman Capote directed by Bennett Miller. It follows the events during the writing of Capote's non-fiction book In Cold Blood. Philip Seymour Hoffman won several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actor, for his critically acclaimed portrayal of the title character. The film was based on Gerald Clarke's biography Capote. It was filmed mostly in Manitoba in the autumn of 2004 and released September 30, 2005, coinciding with Capote's birthday.", "Q792654": "J\u00e1nos Bencsik (born 31 July 1965) is a Hungarian politician, who served as Mayor of Tatab\u00e1nya from 1990 to 2010. He was appointed State Secretary for Climate Change and Energy in the Ministry of National Development on 12 December 2010. He announced his resignation on 2 December 2011. He was replaced by P\u00e1l Kov\u00e1cs.\nHe is a member of the National Assembly (MP) in 1998 and since 2006. He represents Tatab\u00e1nya (Kom\u00e1rom-Esztergom County Constituency I) since 14 May 2010. He was elected a member of the Economic and Information Technology Committee on 30 December 2011. He is the vice-chairman of the Committee on Sustainable Development since June 2014.", "Q189991": "Gorillaz are a British virtual band created in 1998 by Damon Albarn and artist Jamie Hewlett. The band primarily consists of four animated members: Stuart \"2-D\" Pot, Murdoc Niccals, Noodle, and Russel Hobbs. Their fictional universe is presented in music videos, interviews and short cartoons. In reality, Albarn is the only permanent musical contributor, and he often collaborates with other musicians. Remi Kabaka Jr. became producer for the band in 2016 after several years providing the voice of Russel Hobbs and was listed as an A&R producer alongside Albarn and Hewlett in the 2019 Gorillaz documentary Gorillaz: Reject False Icons.With Gorillaz, Albarn departed from the distinct Britpop of his band Blur through hip hop, electronic music, and world music through an \"eccentrically postmodern\" approach. The band's 2001 debut album Gorillaz went triple platinum in the UK and double platinum in Europe and earned the group an entry in the Guinness Book of World Records as the Most Successful Virtual Band. It was nominated for the Mercury Prize, but the nomination was withdrawn at the band's request. Their second studio album, Demon Days (2005), went six times platinum in the UK and double platinum in the US.The third Gorillaz studio album, Plastic Beach, was released on 3 March 2010. The fourth, The Fall, was released on 25 December 2010 as a surprise gift for paying fan club members, then on 18 April 2011 as an official release. The fifth, Humanz, was released after a six-year hiatus on 28 April 2017. Their sixth studio album, The Now Now, was released on 29 June 2018.\nGorillaz are currently working on a project named Song Machine which releases new songs every month.Gorillaz have won one Grammy Award, two MTV Video Music Awards, an NME Award and three MTV Europe Music Awards. They have been nominated for ten Brit Awards and won Best British Group at the 2018 Brit Awards. By 2010, Gorillaz had sold over 20 million records worldwide.\n\n", "Q198644": "Paul Charles Joseph Bourget (French: [bu\u0281\u0292\u025b]; 2 September 1852 \u2013 25 December 1935) was a French novelist and critic. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times.", "Q11930": "Kevin Michael Costner (born January 18, 1955) is an American actor, filmmaker, and musician. His accolades include two Academy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, one Primetime Emmy Award, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards.\nCostner began his acting career with Sizzle Beach, U.S.A. (1981). Following a few minor supporting parts, he rose to prominence with his portrayal of Eliot Ness in The Untouchables (1987). This was followed by a successful period in his career with starring roles in No Way Out (1987), Bull Durham (1988), Field of Dreams (1989), Dances with Wolves (1990), for which he won two Academy Awards, JFK (1991), Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991), The Bodyguard (1992), and A Perfect World (1993). In 1995, Costner starred in and co-produced Waterworld. The most expensive film ever made at the time, it was a box office disappointment (which nonetheless made a small profit) that marked a downturn in his career. His second directorial feature, The Postman, (1997) was another failure. He has since starred in a string of unsuccessful films as a leading man including; Message in a Bottle (1999), For Love of the Game (1999), Thirteen Days (2000), 3000 Miles to Graceland (2001), Dragonfly (2002), Rumor Has It (2005), The Guardian (2006), Mr. Brooks (2007), 3 Days to Kill (2014), McFarland, USA (2015), Draft Day (2014), and Criminal (2016). Nevertheless, in recent years he has had supporting parts in critically favored films including The Upside of Anger (2005), Man of Steel (2013), Hidden Figures (2016), Molly's Game (2017), and The Art of Racing in the Rain (2019).\nOn television, Costner portrayed Devil Anse Hatfield in\nthe miniseries Hatfields & McCoys (2012), winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie. Since 2018, he stars as John Dutton on drama series Yellowstone.", "Q3116367": "Gregory Gaye (October 10, 1900 \u2013 August 23, 1993) was a Russian-American character actor. The son of an actor, he was born Gregory de Gay in St. Petersburg, Russia. He was the uncle of actor George Gaynes.\nHe was a cadet in the Imperial Russian Navy and began his stage career in Europe and in the Orient before going to the United States after the Russian Revolution in 1923. He appeared in small roles in over a hundred movies.", "Q93099": "Robert Stanley \"Bob\" Barton (February 13, 1925 \u2013 January 28, 2009) was recognized as the chief architect of the Burroughs B5000 and other computers such as the B1700, and a co-inventor of dataflow. Barton's thinking has been broadly influential. As one example, Barton influenced the systems and higher-level computer language thinking of Alan Kay who went on to further develop object-oriented programming, co-design Smalltalk, and develop concepts key to modern GUI systems built into the Macintosh and later Microsoft Windows.\nBarton designed machines at a more abstract level, not tied to the technology constraints of the time. He employed high-level languages and a stack machine in his design of the Burroughs Corporation B5000 computer. Barton's B5000 design survives in the modern Unisys Burroughs MCP. His work with stack architectures was the first implementation in a mainframe computer. Hewlett-Packard would later use the stack architecture in its HP 3000 computers, and in HP calculators with Reverse Polish Notation (RPN).\nBarton died on January 28, 2009, in Portland, Oregon, at the age of 83.", "Q4020100": "William McCrum (20 February 1865 \u2013 21 December 1932) was a wealthy Irish linen manufacturer and sportsman, most famous for being the inventor in 1890 of the penalty kick in football.", "Q1906601": "Mar\u00eda Isabel Siewers (born October 22, 1950) is an Argentine classical guitarist.\nA pupil of Mar\u00eda Luisa Anido, her international performance career began after winning the 2nd Prize at the Concours International de Guitarre de Paris in 1974.\nMar\u00eda Isabel Siewers has performed in Wigmore Hall (London), the Vienna Konzerthaus, Martinu Hall (Prague), Carnegie Hall (New York), the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre des Champs Elys\u00e9es (Paris), she has played in many important music festivals and has appeared as soloist with, amongst others, the Argentine National Symphony Orchestra, the Prague Virtuosi, the Radio/TV Orchestra of Zagreb, the Bohemian Chamber Orchestra, the National Symphony Orchestra of Cuba, the Krak\u00f3w Philharmonic, and the Chamber Orchestras of Mayo and Mor\u00f3n (Argentina).\nShe has regularly toured, taught, and served in juries for international competitions throughout Europe, North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand.\nIsabel has occupied several teaching posts in Argentina and, since 1989, she has been head of a guitar department in the Mozarteum University of Salzburg, Austria.\nIn seeking to expand the repertory of the guitar she has commissioned new works and has premiered numerous solo and chamber works and concertos\nPieces written for Isabel Siewers include:\n\nSylvie Bodorova: Gypsy ballad (Guitar solo), Concierto de Est\u00edo (Guitar and strings)\nJos\u00e9 Luis Campana: Tres Piezas\nJorge Cardoso: Preludio y danza (guitar solo)\nJohn Duarte: Sonatina del Sur (guitar solo)\nMarios Elias Jounnou: Quartetto per due (violin and guitar), \u201cLa Caja\u201d (performer and guitar)\nGustavo Kantor: Vidala (guitar solo)\nSergio Parotti: Quintet for guitar and strings\nM\u00e1ximo Diego Pujol: Eleg\u00eda (guitar solo)", "Q16087": "Zeitz is a town in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the river White Elster, in the triangle of the federal states Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Saxony.", "Q433022": "Sabirni centar (The Meeting Point) is a 1989 Yugoslavian fantasy/comedy-drama film directed by Goran Markovi\u0107, starring Rade Markovi\u0107, Bogdan Dikli\u0107, Dragan Nikoli\u0107, Mirjana Karanovi\u0107 and Anica Dobra. It is based on Du\u0161an Kova\u010devi\u0107's play of the same title translated in the U.S. as The Gathering Place. It is published by Samuel French.\nMovie scenes of The Meeting Point filmed in Gamzigrad, and several actors of them actually went to Tunisia where they filmed scenes from the desert and the ruins of a Roman city Dougga. Catacombs from Labyrinth are made in a studio in Ko\u0161utnjak.", "Q85823": "Herbert Fux (25 March 1927 \u2013 13 March 2007) was an Austrian film actor and politician. He appeared in more than 140 films between 1960 and 2007.", "Q1586488": "Harry Frank Guggenheim (August 23, 1890 \u2013 January 22, 1971) was an American businessman, diplomat, publisher, philanthropist, aviator, and horseman.", "Q872": "Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connected to an antenna which radiates the waves, and received by a radio receiver connected to another antenna. Radio is very widely used in modern technology, in radio communication, radar, radio navigation, remote control, remote sensing and other applications.\nIn radio communication, used in radio and television broadcasting, cell phones, two-way radios, wireless networking and satellite communication among numerous other uses, radio waves are used to carry information across space from a transmitter to a receiver, by modulating the radio signal (impressing an information signal on the radio wave by varying some aspect of the wave) in the transmitter. In radar, used to locate and track objects like aircraft, ships, spacecraft and missiles, a beam of radio waves emitted by a radar transmitter reflects off the target object, and the reflected waves reveal the object's location. In radio navigation systems such as GPS and VOR, a mobile receiver receives radio signals from navigational radio beacons whose position is known, and by precisely measuring the arrival time of the radio waves the receiver can calculate its position on Earth. In wireless radio remote control devices like drones, garage door openers, and keyless entry systems, radio signals transmitted from a controller device control the actions of a remote device.\nApplications of radio waves which do not involve transmitting the waves significant distances, such as RF heating used in industrial processes and microwave ovens, and medical uses such as diathermy and MRI machines, are not usually called radio. The noun radio is also used to mean a broadcast radio receiver.\nRadio waves were first identified and studied by German physicist Heinrich Hertz in 1886. The first practical radio transmitters and receivers were developed around 1895-6 by Italian Guglielmo Marconi, and radio began to be used commercially around 1900. To prevent interference between users, the emission of radio waves is strictly regulated by law, coordinated by an international body called the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), which allocates frequency bands in the radio spectrum for different uses.", "Q1702724": "Jon-Erik Kellso (born May 8, 1964, Dearborn, Michigan) is an American jazz trumpeter and session musician.\n\nKellso began playing jazz music very young in life, and also received some formal training in classical idioms.\nSome of the jazz musicians he has performed and/or recorded with include J.C. Heard, Catherine Russell, Cecile McLorin Salvant, Kat Edmonson, James Dapogny, Milt Hinton, Rick Fay, Ralph Sutton, Ruby Braff, Marty Grosz, Bob Haggart, Dick Hyman, Wynton Marsalis, Ken Peplowski, Bucky Pizzarelli, Dan Barrett, Bob Wilber, Howard Alden, Wycliffe Gordon, and Kenny Davern. He has also played and recorded with Linda Ronstadt, Leon Redbone, Maria Muldaur, Levon Helm, Elvis Costello, Dave Van Ronk, and many others, appearing on over one hundred records.\nHe moved from Detroit to New York City in 1989 to join Vince Giordano and the Nighthawks, with whom he hass recorded many movie and TV soundtracks, including the Grammy-award-winning soundtrack for Boardwalk Empire, The Aviator, Bessie, Ghost World, and Revolutionary Road.\nKellso led The EarRegulars at the historic Ear Inn in Manhattan on Sunday nights since 2007, with whom he has recorded two acclaimed CDs.", "Q154528": "The Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian: \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a), formerly Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences, is a Russian research institution for the study of the countries and cultures of Asia and North Africa. The institute is located in Moscow, and formerly in Saint Petersburg, but in 2007 the Saint Petersburg branch was reorganized into a separate Institute of Oriental Manuscripts.", "Q269611": "Anita Hegerland (born 3 March 1961 in Sandefjord), is a Norwegian singer known for her childhood career in Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, and subsequent vocal contributions to Mike Oldfield's work, among others.\nShe is one of the best-selling solo singers in Norway, with sales of more than 7 million albums and singles. Her songs have been released on nearly 23 million albums worldwide.\nHegerland had the biggest hit in Germany of any Norwegian artist ever, in front of Lene Nystr\u00f8m (AQUA), Marit Larsen, Madcon, and A-ha.\nFor more than 20 years she had the record in Sweden as the singer who was the longest on Svensktoppen, the main music charts.", "Q57971": "Cornelia Maria Funke (; German: [\u02c8f\u028a\u014bk\u0259]) is a German author of children's fiction. She was born on 10 December 1958 in Dorsten, North Rhine-Westphalia. Funke is best known for her Inkheart trilogy (originally in German: Tintenwelt-Trilogie), published in the United Kingdom between 2004\u20132008. Many of her books have now been translated into English. Her work fits mainly into the fantasy and adventure genres. She lives in Beverly Hills, California.\nFunke has sold over 20 million copies of her books worldwide.", "Q69647": "Wollerau is a municipality in H\u00f6fe District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. It lies on the upper Z\u00fcrichsee.", "Q11924": "Luis Joaqu\u00edn Mir\u00f3-Quesada de la Guerra (1880\u20131976) was a Peruvian journalist and politician in the early 20th century. He was the mayor of Lima from 1916 to 1918, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1931) and director of El Comercio.\nHe studied at Universidad Mayor de San Marcos.", "Q71008": "Hans Beck (6 May 1929, Greiz \u2013 30 January 2009, Markdorf) was the German inventor of Playmobil toys. He is thus often called \"The Father of Playmobil\".\nBorn in Greiz, Thuringia, Beck grew up in the town of Zirndorf. He trained as a cabinet maker and made small toy vehicles and figures for his younger siblings. He presented his model airplanes to Horst Brandst\u00e4tter, owner of local toy company Geobra Brandst\u00e4tter, who took him on, and asked him to develop toy figures for children.\nAs a hobby Beck built ultra-lightweight model aircraft for flying indoors. He competed in the FAI World Championships in Debrecen, Hungary in 1966 and won the individual title in the F1D class. In the early 1960s the planes had a wing span of 900 mm (550 mm today) and were made from a balsa wood frame covered with a film of acetone lacquer. They were powered by a small rubber band wound to over 1,700 turns and could fly for over 40 minutes in large halls or airship hangars. The whole aeroplane weighed only 1.2 grams.\nBeck spent three years developing the figurines with interchangeable accessories that became Playmobil. He conducted research that allowed him to develop a toy that would be flexible (unlike tin soldiers), not too complex, that would fit in an average child's hand and have a face like a child's drawing (a large head, smile, and no nose). \"I would put the little figures in their hands without saying anything about what they were,\" Beck remarked. \"They accepted them right away... They invented little scenarios for them. They never grew tired of playing with them.\" Horst Brandst\u00e4tter was not initially convinced of the viability of Beck's idea, but allowed the inventor to continue developing the product.\nThe 1973 oil crisis greatly increased the price of plastics derived from oil. This prompted Geobra Brandst\u00e4tter to consider products that generated more revenue for less plastic raw material than the hula-hoops and other large toys they had been producing. Beck's figurines offered a possible solution. The company commissioned Beck to develop a series of figures with interchangeable parts.\n\"Playmobil is a toy that doesn't impose specific play patterns on children,\" Beck has remarked, \"but rather stimulates their imagination.\"In 1974, the company put the series on show in its display rooms. Visitors were initially reluctant to accept the toy. The toy was shown at that year's International Toy Fair in Nuremberg. It proved popular with children. A Dutch firm subsequently agreed to buy a whole year's production. Playmobil began to be sold worldwide in 1975.\nThe first Playmobil sets were of Native Americans, construction workers and knights. Beck once mentioned in an interview that a jumbo jet, alien figures, and dinosaurs should never be introduced as Playmobil sets, but all three have since been released as Playmobil products.\nAfter training a group of product designers to take his place, Beck retired in 1998, just prior to the 25th birthday of the introduction of Playmobil.\nDuring the World Expo 2000 in Hannover, Beck was among the 100 German personalities who were honored with a statue within the German Pavilion.\nHe died at the age of 79 on 30 January 2009 after a serious illness.", "Q279402": "Brunswick Cathedral (German: Dom St. Blasii (et Johannis), lit. in English: Collegiate Church of Ss. Blaise and John the Baptist) is a large Lutheran church in the City of Braunschweig (Brunswick), Germany.\nThe church is termed Dom, in German a synecdoche - pars pro toto - used for cathedrals and collegiate churches alike, and much like the Italian duomo. It is currently owned and used by a congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Brunswick.", "Q602247": "Taste are an Irish rock and blues band formed in 1966. They were founded by songwriter and guitarist Rory Gallagher who left the band in 1970.", "Q2629783": "Eric Douglas Morley (26 September 1918 \u2013 9 November 2000) was a British TV host and the founder of the Miss World pageant and Come Dancing TV programme. His widow, Julia Morley, is now head of the pageant and his son Steve Douglas is one of its presenters.\n\n", "Q1630782": "The Hotchkiss School is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational college preparatory boarding school in Lakeville, Connecticut. Founded in 1891, the school offers a classical education with grades 9\u201312 and a postgraduate (PG) option, attracting students across the United States and 34 foreign countries.Hotchkiss is a member of the Eight Schools Association, Ten Schools Admissions Organization, G20 Schools group, Founders League, New England Preparatory School Athletic Council (NEPSAC), New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC), The Association of Boarding Schools (TABS), National Association of Independent Schools, Global Education Benchmark Group (GEBG), Round Square, Cum Laude Society, and Green Schools Alliance.One of the most selective high schools in the country, Hotchkiss has an 18% admit rate. Moreover, the school has one of the largest private school endowments in the country at nearly $500 million (ranked fifth largest in 2008 by The New York Times).", "Q2565243": "Fairfax High School (officially Fairfax Senior High School) is a Los Angeles Unified School District high school located in Los Angeles, California, near the border of West Hollywood in the Fairfax District. The school is located on a 24.2-acre (98,000 m2) campus at the intersection of Fairfax Avenue and trendy Melrose Avenue.\nSeveral sections of Los Angeles, including the Fairfax District, Park La Brea, portions of Hancock Park, and Larchmont, and the city of West Hollywood are served by Fairfax. Some areas (including parts of West Hollywood) are jointly zoned to Fairfax High School and Hollywood High School. In fall 2007, some neighborhoods zoned to Hamilton High School were rezoned to Fairfax High School. Bancroft Middle School, Emerson Middle School, Le Conte Middle School, and John Burroughs Middle School feed into Fairfax. In 2009 some territory from the Los Angeles High School attendance boundary was transferred to Fairfax High School.", "Q537522": "Margo Smith (born Betty Lou Miller; April 9, 1942, Dayton, Ohio) is an American country music singer. In the 1970s, she was a popular female country vocalist, acquiring two No. 1 hits on the country charts during that time, \"Don't Break the Heart That Loves You\" and \"It Only Hurts for a Little While\", both country music remakes of previous pop music standards. She is also considered a \"world class yodeler\".\nIn the late 1970s, after releasing 1979's A Woman album, Smith's image metamorphosed and became more risque in both her costumes and recorded material, like 1979's top 10 country hit, \"Still a Woman\".", "Q1234713": "Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the supernatural, but also deals with religious epistemology, asks and seeks to answer the question of revelation. Revelation pertains to the acceptance of God, gods, or deities, as not only transcendent or above the natural world, but also willing and able to interact with the natural world and, in particular, to reveal themselves to humankind. While theology has turned into a secular field, religious adherents still consider theology to be a discipline that helps them live and understand concepts such as life and love and that helps them lead lives of obedience to the deities they follow or worship.", "Q273649": "The Ecoles Centrales Group is an alliance consisting of the following graduate schools of engineering:\n\nCentraleSup\u00e9lec (former Ecole Centrale Paris) established in 1829\n\u00c9cole centrale de Lille established in 1854\n\u00c9cole centrale de Lyon established in 1857\n\u00c9cole centrale de Marseille established in 1890\n\u00c9cole centrale de Nantes established in 1919\n\u00c9cole centrale de P\u00e9kin in China, established in 2005.\n\u00c9cole centrale de Casablanca in Morocco, established in 2013\nMahindra \u00c9cole Centrale in Hyderabad, India, established in 2014The Group contributes to the harmonisation of academic programs, the sharing of experiences, and collaboration in international relations. A key stakeholder in corporate development, the \u00c9coles Centrales Group has established a reputation as a global reference point in the education of the generalist engineers of tomorrow.\nWith about 6,000 graduate engineer students and 800 PhD doctorate students, a total faculty of 700 permanent academic members, 2200 part-time lecturers and associate professors, 450 technical and administrative staff, 2000 researchers, the Ecoles Centrales Group annually approves hundreds of PhD doctorate dissertations and grants 1500 Centrale graduate engineering degrees and other master's degrees. Already more than 35,000 Centrale alumni are active today in business, entrepreneurship, research & development, and management in small and large industries worldwide.", "Q74170": "Georgios Chatzimarkakis (Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03c4\u03b6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2; born 21 April 1966) is a German politician of Greek descent, Member of the European Parliament with the Free Democratic Party of Germany (part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe). He was a 2014 European Parliament candidate for the newly formed party Greek European Citizens (\u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2) of Greece.", "Q108525": "The Untouchables is a 1987 American crime film directed by Brian De Palma, produced by Art Linson, written by David Mamet, and based on the book of the same name (1957). The film stars Kevin Costner, Charles Martin Smith, Andy Garc\u00eda, Robert De Niro, and Sean Connery, and follows Eliot Ness (Costner) as he forms the Untouchables team to bring Al Capone (De Niro) to justice during Prohibition. The Grammy Award-winning score was composed by Ennio Morricone and features period music by Duke Ellington.The Untouchables premiered on June 2, 1987 in New York City, and went into general release on June 3, 1987 in the United States. The film grossed $106.2 million worldwide and received generally positive reviews from critics. It was nominated for four Academy Awards; Connery won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q309697": "Brandon Richard Flowers (born June 21, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician, best known as the lead singer, keyboardist, and occasional bass guitarist of the Las Vegas-based rock band the Killers, with whom he has recorded five studio albums.\nIn addition to his work with the Killers, Flowers has released two solo albums, Flamingo (2010) and The Desired Effect (2015). He has reached number one on the UK Albums Chart seven times, and on the Billboard 200 once, including work by the Killers.", "Q735399": "Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura (Tatar: \u0419\u043e\u0441\u044b\u0444 \u0410\u043a\u0447\u0443\u0440\u0430; 2 December 1876 \u2013 11 March 1935) was a prominent Turkish politician, writer and ideologist of ethnic Tatar origin. He developed into a prominent ideologue and advocate of Pan-Turkism during the early republican period, whose writings became widely read and who became one of the leading university professors in Istanbul.", "Q64363": "Churwalden is a municipality in the Plessur Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. It incorporates the former municipalities of Malix and Parpan.", "Q336467": "Philippe Soupault (2 August 1897, Chaville, Hauts-de-Seine \u2013 12 March 1990, Paris) was a French writer and poet, novelist, critic, and political activist. He was active in Dadaism and later founded the Surrealist movement with Andr\u00e9 Breton. Soupault initiated the periodical Litt\u00e9rature together with the writers Breton and Louis Aragon in Paris in 1919, which, for many, marks the beginnings of Surrealism. The first book of automatic writing, Les Champs magn\u00e9tiques (1920), was co-authored by Soupault and Breton. In 1927 Soupault, with the help of his then wife Marie-Louise, translated William Blake's Songs of Innocence and Experience into French. The next year, Soupault authored a monograph on Blake, arguing the poet was a \"genius\" whose work anticipated the Surrealist movement in literature.In 1933 at a reception at the Russian Embassy in Paris, he met R\u00e9 Richter and they decided to do some travel reportage together. R\u00e9 Richter's photographs, taken with her 6x6 Rolleiflex, were to be published alongside Philippe Souault's literary texts. In the years thereafter, the two of them continued in the same vein, travelling to Germany, Switzerland, England, Scandinavia and Tunisia. They married in 1937. The couple separated after the end of the war; he moved back to Europe and she remained in New York.He directed Radio Tunis from 1937 to 1940, when he was arrested by the pro-Vichy regime. He fled successfully to Algiers.\nAfter imprisonment by the Nazis during World War II, Soupault traveled to the United States, teaching at Swarthmore College but returned subsequently to France in October 1945. His works include such large volumes of poetry as Aquarium (1917) and Rose des vents [compass card] (1920) and the novel Les Derni\u00e8res Nuits de Paris (1928; tr. Last Nights of Paris, 1929).In 1957 he wrote the libretto for Germaine Tailleferre's opera La Petite Sir\u00e8ne, based on Hans Christian Andersen's tale \"The Little Mermaid\". The work was broadcast by French Radio National in 1959.\nIn 1990, the year Soupault died, Serbian rock band Bjesovi recorded their version of his poem Georgia in Serbian.Soupault's short story \"Death of Nick Carter\" was translated by Robin Walz in 2007, and published in issue 24 of the McSweeney's Quarterly.\nIn 2016, City Lights Bookstore published a book of his essays entitled Lost Profiles : Memoirs of Cubism, Dada, and Surrealism as translated by Alan Bernheimer.", "Q7913": "Romanian (dated Rumanian or Roumanian; autonym: limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 [\u02c8limba ro\u02c8m\u0268n\u0259] (listen), \"the Romanian language\", or rom\u00e2ne\u0219te, lit. \"in Romanian\") is a Balkan Romance language spoken by approximately 24\u201326 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language. According to another estimate, there are about 34 million people worldwide who can speak Romanian, out of which 30 million speak it as a native language. It is an official and national language of both Romania and Moldova and is one of the official languages of the European Union.\nRomanian is a part of the Eastern Romance sub-branch of Romance languages, a linguistic group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin, which was separated from the Western Romance during the 5th\u20138th centuries. To distinguish it within that group in comparative linguistics it is called Daco-Romanian as opposed to its closest relatives, Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian. Romanian is also known as Moldovan in Moldova, although the Constitutional Court of Moldova ruled in 2013 that \"the official language of the republic is Romanian\".Numerous immigrant Romanian speakers are also scattered across many other regions and countries worldwide, with large populations in Italy, Spain, Germany, Russia, Canada, and the United States.", "Q6969275": "Nathan Paget (1615\u20131679) was an English physician, active during the English Civil War, under the Commonwealth and the Protectorate, and after the Restoration. Despite being a mainstay of a generally conservative profession, he was interested in the experimental methods of the Enlightenment. Although from a strongly Presbyterian background, he seems to have developed radical political and religious sympathies.", "Q649736": "Yoseph Alicia Machado Fajardo (Spanish pronunciation: [a\u02c8lisja ma\u02c8t\u0283a\u00f0o]; born December 6, 1976) is a Venezuelan-American actress, TV host, singer and beauty queen who was Miss Venezuela 1995 and then Miss Universe 1996. She was the fourth woman from Venezuela to be named Miss Universe.\nDuring the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, Machado publicly criticized the prior behavior of Donald Trump, who owned the Miss Universe pageant during her reign. She was mentioned by Hillary Clinton during the first 2016 U.S. presidential debate.", "Q111074": "John Barry Prendergast, (3 November 1933 \u2013 30 January 2011) was an English composer and conductor of film music. He composed the scores for 11 of the James Bond films between 1963 and 1987, and also arranged and performed the \"James Bond Theme\" to the first film in the series, 1962's Dr. No. He wrote the Grammy- and Academy Award-winning scores to the films Dances with Wolves and Out of Africa, also The scarlet letter, The Cotton Club, The Tamarind Seed, Mary queen of scots, as well as the theme for the British television cult series The Persuaders!, in a career spanning over 50 years. In 1999, he was appointed OBE for services to music.\nBorn in York, Barry spent his early years working in cinemas owned by his father. During his national service with the British Army in Cyprus, Barry began performing as a musician after learning to play the trumpet. Upon completing his national service, he formed his own band in 1957, The John Barry Seven. He later developed an interest in composing and arranging music, making his d\u00e9but for television in 1958. He came to the notice of the makers of the first James Bond film Dr. No, who were dissatisfied with a theme for James Bond given to them by Monty Norman. Noel Rogers the head of music at United Arists approached Barry. This started a successful association between Barry and Eon Productions that lasted for 25 years.\nHe received many awards for his work, including five Academy Awards; two for Born Free, and one each for The Lion in Winter (for which he also won the first BAFTA Award for Best Film Music), Dances with Wolves and Out of Africa (both of which also won him Grammy Awards). He also received ten Golden Globe Award nominations, winning once for Best Original Score for Out of Africa in 1986. Barry completed his last film score, Enigma, in 2001 and recorded the successful album Eternal Echoes the same year. He then concentrated chiefly on live performances and co-wrote the music to the musical Brighton Rock in 2004 alongside Don Black. In 2001, Barry became a Fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors, and, in 2005, he was made a Fellow of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Barry was married four times and had four children. He moved to the United States in 1975 and lived there until his death in 2011.\n\n", "Q502599": "Andrey Timofeyevich Bolotov (18 October 1738 \u2013 16 October 1833) was the most prolific memoirist and the most distinguished agriculturist of the 18th-century Russian Empire.\nBolotov was born and spent most of his adult life in the family estate of Dvoryaninovo, in the Tula region to the south of Moscow. He was brought up by his parents in Livland, where his father's regiment was stationed. After taking part in the Seven Years' War he settled into retirement in Dvoryaninovo.\nDuring his life there, he brought out a pioneering manual on crop rotation and elaborated an innovative system of pomology which included more than 600 cultivars of apple and pear. Always interested in plant breeding, Bolotov discovered dichogamy of apple-trees and pointed out to the advantages of cross-pollination.\nBolotov's works brought him to the attention of Count Orlov, who asked him to manage the neighbouring estate of Bobriki, where Catherine II's illegitimate son, Count Bobrinsky, was being raised. Bolotov turned Bobriki into the most up-to-date agricultural estate in provincial Russia and ensured the keen interest which later Counts Bobrinsky would take in agriculture.\n\nBolotov was also active in the Free Economic Society, which published his treatise on forestry. Together with Nikolay Novikov, he edited the journals The Village Resident (1778\u201379) and The Magazine of Economics (1780-89), which brought him the income of 400 roubles a year, a very considerable sum for the time. His extensive memoirs, entitled Life and Adventures of Andrei Bolotov, in 26 parts and written between 1789 and 1816, went through several editions and were translated into English. Bolotov died in Dvoryaninovo aged 94. Thomas Newlin wrote of him:Andrey Timofeevich Bolotov stands out as the most prolific writer that Russia has ever produced, penning, by one estimate, the equivalent of some 350 volumes of written material\u2014memoirs, diaries, letters, poems, plays, criticism, and translations, as well as a vast array of other works of literary, philosophical, religious, didactic, scientific, agricultural, and historical natures\u2014over the course of his long and quietly astonishing career. During his lifetime Bolotov achieved a modest measure of recognition as a writer on agricultural and horticultural issues; he is best known today, however, for his massive [memoirs]. Because only a relatively small portion of what he wrote found its way into print[...] Bolotov, despite his phenomenal productivity and his considerable originality as a writer, ended up having virtually no influence on the development of Russian belle-lettres.", "Q81489": "Costas Mandylor (born Constantinos \"Costas\" Theodosopoulos, Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \"\u039a\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2\" \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, September 3, 1965) is a Greek-Australian actor. He is best known for his role as Kenny in Picket Fences and for portraying Mark Hoffman in the Saw films.", "Q106508": "G\u00e9rard Xavier Marcel Depardieu (UK: , US: , French: [\u0292e\u0281a\u0281 \u0261zavje ma\u0281s\u025bl d\u0259pa\u0281dj\u00f8] (listen); born 27 December 1948), CQ is a French actor. He is one of the most prolific character actors in film history, having completed more than 170 films since 1967. \nHe has received acclaim for his performances in The Last Metro (1980), for which he won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actor, in Police (1985), for which he won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor, Jean de Florette (1986), and Cyrano de Bergerac (1990), winning the Cannes Film Festival for Best Actor, his second C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actor, and his first Academy Award nomination for Best Actor.\nHe co-starred in Peter Weir's comedy Green Card (1990), winning a Golden Globe Award and later acted in many big budget Hollywood movies including Ridley Scott's 1492: Conquest of Paradise (1992), Kenneth Branagh's Hamlet (1996), Randall Wallace's The Man in the Iron Mask (1998), and Ang Lee's Life of Pi (2012).\nHe is a Chevalier of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur and Chevalier of the Ordre national du M\u00e9rite. He was granted citizenship of Russia in January 2013 (officially adopted name in Russian: \u0416\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440 \u0414\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044c\u0451, romanized: Zherar Depardyo), and became a cultural ambassador of Montenegro during the same month.", "Q670809": "Charles Hernu (3 July 1923 \u2013 17 January 1990) was a French socialist politician. He served as Minister of Defence from 1981 to 1985, until forced to resign over the bombing of the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior in New Zealand.", "Q223718": "Redmond is a city in King County, Washington, United States, located 15 miles (24 km) east of Seattle. The population was 54,144 at the 2010 census and an estimated 67,678 in 2018. Redmond is commonly recognized as the home of Microsoft and Nintendo of America. With an annual bike race on city streets and the state's only velodrome, Redmond is also known as the \"Bicycle Capital of the Northwest\".", "Q7562494": "Sony Music Masterworks (better known as Sony Masterworks) is a record label, the result of a restructuring of Sony Music's classical music division. Before the acquisition of Bertelsmann's shares in the former Sony BMG, the label was known as Sony BMG Masterworks.\nIts formation marked the merger of the Sony Classical and BMG Classics (including RCA Red Seal) product lines. Gilbert Hetherwick was the president of the label from January 2005 through November 2006, displacing Peter Gelb who was the head of Sony Classical before the merger. Hetherwick claimed (as of 2005) the label may reissue between one hundred and two hundred historical recordings per year. Hetherwick left in November 2006, to be replaced by Alex Miller, a former BMG Employee.\nThe label owns rights to famous recordings originally issued by the Victor Talking Machine Company/RCA Victor dating from the early to mid 20th century, by artists such as Enrico Caruso, Arturo Toscanini, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Leopold Stokowski, Mario Lanza, Fritz Reiner, Artur Rubinstein,\nFritz Kreisler, Jascha Heifetz, Vladimir Horowitz, Eugene Ormandy and Van Cliburn as well as from more recent performers such as Yo-Yo Ma, and Joshua Bell. It is also responsible for Sony BMG's immense archives of film scores (including Star Wars, The Phantom of the Opera, Memoirs of a Geisha and many other films). It also maintains the archive of theater soundtracks, via its Masterworks Broadway imprint. It also issues jazz recordings through its Okeh Records imprint. Sony Masterworks also handles the Portrait Records and Flying Buddha Records imprints. In July 2019, Masterworks acquired the soundtrack label Milan Records.The merged label's name echoes the moniker used by Sony Classical's predecessor, Columbia Masterworks (later CBS Masterworks). The label's name was changed after CBS sold its records division to Sony in the late 1980s. Sony Masterworks has several imprints, used primarily for newer recorded material for its imprints itself and compilations and reissues for its imprints in conjunction with Legacy Recordings.", "Q158474": "Eagle Eye is a 2008 American espionage action thriller film directed by D. J. Caruso, written by John Glenn, Travis Adam Wright, Hillary Seitz and Dan McDermott and stars Shia LaBeouf, Michelle Monaghan and Billy Bob Thornton. The plot follows two strangers who must go on the run together after receiving a mysterious phone call from an unknown woman who is using information and communications technology to track them.\nThe film was released in traditional theaters and IMAX theaters on September 26, 2008 and grossed $178 million worldwide.", "Q958578": "Lloyd Price (born March 9, 1933) is an American R&B vocalist, known as \"Mr. Personality\", after his 1959 million-selling hit, \"Personality\". His first recording, \"Lawdy Miss Clawdy\", was a hit for Specialty Records in 1952. He continued to release records, but none were as popular until several years later, when he refined the New Orleans beat and achieved a series of national hits. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998. He is also the earliest solo act who is still alive to earn a Billboard Hot 100 number-one single with \"Stagger Lee\".", "Q72267": "Cecil Blount DeMille (; August 12, 1881 \u2013 January 21, 1959) was an American filmmaker. Between 1914 and 1958, he made a total of 70 features, both silent and sound films. He is acknowledged as a founding father of the American cinema and the most commercially successful producer-director in film history. His films were distinguished by their epic scale and by his cinematic showmanship. His silent films included social dramas, comedies, Westerns, farces, morality plays, and historical pageants.\nDeMille began his career as a stage actor in 1900. He later moved to writing and directing stage productions, some with Jesse Lasky, who was then a vaudeville producer. DeMille's first film, The Squaw Man (1914), was also the first feature film shot in Hollywood. Its interracial love story made it commercially successful and it first publicized Hollywood as the home of the U.S. film industry. The continued success of his productions led to the founding of Paramount Pictures with Lasky and Adolph Zukor. His first biblical epic, The Ten Commandments (1923), was both a critical and commercial success; it held the Paramount revenue record for twenty-five years.\nDeMille directed The King of Kings (1927), a biography of Jesus, which gained approval for its sensitivity and reached more than 800 million viewers. The Sign of the Cross (1932) is said to be the first sound film to integrate all aspects of cinematic technique. Cleopatra (1934) was his first film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. After more than thirty years in film production, DeMille reached a pinnacle in his career with Samson and Delilah (1949), a biblical epic which became the highest-grossing film of 1950. Along with biblical and historical narratives, he also directed films oriented toward \"neo-naturalism\", which tried to portray the laws of man fighting the forces of nature.\nHe received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director for his circus drama The Greatest Show on Earth (1952), which won both the Academy Award for Best Picture and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama. His last and best known film, The Ten Commandments (1956), also a Best Picture Academy Award nominee, is currently the eighth-highest-grossing film of all time, adjusted for inflation. In addition to his Best Picture Awards, he received an Academy Honorary Award for his film contributions, the Palme d'Or (posthumously) for Union Pacific (1939), a DGA Award for Lifetime Achievement, and the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award. He was the first recipient of the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award, which was named in his honor. DeMille's reputation as a filmmaker has grown over time and his work has influenced many other films and directors.", "Q1507196": "James Edward Maceo West (born February 10, 1931 in Farmville, Prince Edward County, Virginia) is an African American inventor and acoustician. He holds over 250 foreign and U.S. patents for the production and design of microphones and techniques for creating polymer foil electrets.\n\n", "Q117363": "Marianne Huguenin (born 1 May 1950) is a former Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Party of Labour, who was elected to the Swiss National Council representing the Canton of Vaud from 2003 to 2007. A lesbian, she was the first openly gay politician in French-speaking Switzerland.", "Q55800": "Oprah Gail Winfrey (born Orpah Gail Winfrey; January 29, 1954) is an American media executive, actress, talk show host, television producer, and philanthropist. She is best known for her talk show, The Oprah Winfrey Show, broadcast from Chicago, which was the highest-rated television program of its kind in history and ran in national syndication for 25 years from 1986 to 2011. Dubbed the \"Queen of All Media\", she was the richest African American of the 20th century and North America's first black multi-billionaire, and she has been ranked the greatest black philanthropist in American history. By 2007, she was sometimes ranked as the most influential woman in the world.Winfrey was born into poverty in rural Mississippi to a teenage single mother and later raised in inner-city Milwaukee. She has stated that she was molested during her childhood and early teens and became pregnant at 14; her son was born prematurely and died in infancy. Winfrey was then sent to live with the man she calls her father, Vernon Winfrey, a barber in Tennessee, and landed a job in radio while still in high school. By 19, she was a co-anchor for the local evening news. Winfrey's often emotional, extemporaneous delivery eventually led to her transfer to the daytime talk show arena, and after boosting a third-rated local Chicago talk show to first place, she launched her own production company and became internationally syndicated.\nCredited with creating a more intimate, confessional form of media communication, Winfrey popularized and revolutionized the tabloid talk show genre pioneered by Phil Donahue. Through this medium, Winfrey broke 20th-century taboos and allowed LGBT people to enter the mainstream through television appearances. In 1994, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.By the mid-1990s, Winfrey had reinvented her show with a focus on literature, self-improvement, mindfulness, and spirituality. Though she was criticized for unleashing a confession culture, promoting controversial self-help ideas, and having an emotion-centered approach, she has also been praised for overcoming adversity to become a benefactor to others. Winfrey had also emerged as a political force in the 2008 presidential race, delivering about one million votes to Barack Obama in the razor close 2008 Democratic primary. In 2013, Winfrey was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Obama and honorary doctorate degrees from Duke and Harvard. In 2008, she formed her own network, Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN).", "Q336301": "Boombox (also: \u0411\u0443\u043c\u0411\u043e\u043a\u0441, Bumboks) is a Ukrainian pop band formed in 2004 by singer Andriy Khlyvnyuk and Andriy \u201cFly\u201d Samoylo on guitar. In April 2005 the band released its first album, which only took 19 hours to record.Their songs are predominantly in Ukrainian, but songs in Russian and English also appear in their albums and singles.\nSince the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea the band stopped performing in Russia. Being one of the few Ukrainian artists to do so.\n\n", "Q437536": "Johann Eduard Hari (born 21 January 1979) is a Swiss-Scottish writer and journalist. Hari has written for publications including The Independent and The Huffington Post and has written books on the topics of depression, the war on drugs, and the monarchy. He has also given a TED talk on the topic of addiction.In 2011 Hari resigned as a columnist at The Independent after being accused of plagiarism, and of making pejorative edits to the Wikipedia pages of journalists who had criticised his conduct.", "Q121809": "Heinrich Fink (born 31 March 1935) is a German theologian, former university professor and politician (Die Linke). In 1991 Fink was dismissed from Humboldt University of Berlin due to allegations against him being a former informer for the East German state security office, the Stasi. Fink denies the allegations.", "Q26636": "David Giuntoli (born June 18, 1980) is an American actor. He is best known for the lead role of Detective Nick Burkhardt in the NBC supernatural drama Grimm. He co-starred in the 2016 Michael Bay film 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi and Buddymoon.", "Q199228": "Sibylle Aim\u00e9e Marie-Antoinette Gabrielle de Riquetti de Mirabeau, Comtesse de Martel de Janville (16 August 1849 \u2013 28 June 1932) was a French writer who wrote under the pseudonym Gyp.She was born at the ch\u00e2teau de Co\u00ebtsal near Plumergat, in the d\u00e9partement of the Morbihan, in Brittany, her father, Joseph-Arundel de Riquetti, comte de Mirabeau, 1820\u20131860, being the great-grandson of Victor de Riquetti, marquis de Mirabeau (Mirabeau P\u00e8re), noted 18th-century economist, and grandnephew of Honor\u00e9 Mirabeau the celebrated revolutionary orator. In view of her later opinions, it is interesting to remember that Sibylle was actually descended from Octave Mirabeau's royalist younger brother, Andr\u00e9-Boniface-Louis de Riquetti, vicomte de Mirabeau, (1754\u20131792) known as Mirabeau-Tonneau because of his notorious embonpoint, who famously broke his sword in front of France's Revolutionary Assembly (where he represented the nobility of the Limousin) while bitterly crying out: \"now that The King is giving up his kingdom, a nobleman no longer needs a sword to fight for him!\"\nAlthough, in her memoires, \"Gyp\" stated that she had been born on August 15, which happens to have been Napoleon Bonaparte's birthday, her birth certificate reads \"morning of August 16, 1849\", according to her biographer, W. Z. Silvermann. At her father's request, the name on her birth certificate was revised to read \"Sibylle Aim\u00e9e Marie Antoinette Gabrielle\".\nSibylle's mother, the comtesse de Mirabeau, n\u00e9e de Gonneville (1827\u20131903) was also a writer, who contributed to Le Figaro. In 1869, Sibylle married count Roger de Martel de Janville, by whom she had three children.\nGyp wrote humorous sketches and novels which brazenly denounced her own fashionable society as well as the French republic's political class. She hated republicanism, populist democracy, and party shenanigans; supported Boulanger; and was a fanatical anti-Semite & anti-Dreyfusard; in fact, while testifying at a court case in 1899 she gave her profession as \"anti-Semite\" rather than \"writer\". She began with some articles in La Vie parisienne in February 1877, then in La Revue des Deux Mondes. Starting in 1880, she began to publish in book form, under the pseudonym of Gyp, a total of more than 120 works, many highly successful: Petit Bob, (1882), Les Chasseurs, Un trio turbulent, Autour du mariage (1883), Ce que femme veut (1883), Sans voiles (1885), Autour du divorce (1886), Dans le train (1886), Mademoiselle Loulou (1888), Bob au salon (1889), L'\u00e9ducation d'un prince (1890), Passionette (1891), Oh! la grande vie (1891), Une Election \u00e0 Tigre-sur-mer (1890), based on Gyp's experience supporting a boulangiste candidate, Marriage civil (1892), Ces bons docteurs (1892) De haut en bas (1893), Le Mariage de Chiffon (1894), Leurs \u00e2mes (1895), Le C\u0153ur d'Ariane (1895), Le Bonheur de Ginette (1896), Totote (1897), Lune de miel (1898), Israel (1898), L'Entrevue (1899), Le Pays des champs (1900), Trop de chic (1900), Le Friquet (1901), La F\u00e9e (1902), Un Mariage chic (1903), Un M\u00e9nage dernier cri (1903), Maman (1904), Le C\u0153ur de Pierrette (1905), Les Flanchards (1917), Souvenirs d'une petite fille (1927\u20131928), etc.\nHer best-known work is probably Le Mariage de Chiffon, filmed in 1942 by Claude Autant-Lara.\nBecause of her unpopular opinions, the comtesse was the victim of several attempts on her life as well as of a sensational kidnapping.\nGyp, self-styled \"last of the Mirabeaus\", died at Neuilly-sur-Seine on 28 June 1932.", "Q113105": "James Gleick (; born August 1, 1954) is an American author and historian of science whose work has chronicled the cultural impact of modern technology. Recognized for his writing about complex subjects through the techniques of narrative nonfiction, he has been called \"one of the great science writers of all time\". He is part of the inspiration for Jurassic Park character Ian Malcolm.Gleick's books include the international bestsellers Chaos: Making a New Science (1987) and The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood (2011). Three of his books have been Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award finalists; and The Information was awarded the PEN/E. O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award in 2012 and the Royal Society Winton Prize for Science Books 2012. His books have been translated into more than thirty languages.", "Q270426": "Dorian Elizabeth Leigh Parker (April 23, 1917 \u2013 July 7, 2008), known professionally as Dorian Leigh, was an American model and one of the earliest modeling icons of the fashion industry. She is considered one of the first supermodels, and was well known in the United States and Europe.", "Q335608": "Jeffrey Thomas Donovan is an American actor. He played Michael Westen in the television series Burn Notice, and starred in films such as Hitch, Believe in Me, Changeling and Come Early Morning. He played Robert F. Kennedy in Clint Eastwood's J. Edgar (2011) and his brother John F. Kennedy in Rob Reiner's LBJ. He had a recurring role in the second season of the TV series Fargo (2015).", "Q145343": "Darl Charles McBride (born 1959) is an entrepreneur and CEO of Shout TV Inc. McBride is best known as the former CEO of The SCO Group. On March 7, 2003, during McBride's tenure as CEO of the company, The SCO Group initiated litigation (SCO v. IBM) against IBM, alleging breach of contract and copyright infringement claims connected to Unix. The case is considered one of the top 10 technology battles of all time. SCO Group lost in a series of court battles, and was eventually forced into bankruptcy.", "Q766919": "Gianluigi Gelmetti OMRI, (born 11 September 1945 in Rome) is an Italian-born, naturalized Monaco citizen conductor and composer.", "Q2160872": "Roderick \"Rod\" Stephens, Jr. (1909\u20131995) was one of American's best known and respected sailors. In 1933 he became Associate Designer, later promoted to President, of Sparkman & Stephens naval architecture and yacht design firm, a company founded in 1929 by his brother Olin Stephens and Drake Sparkman.", "Q21159": "Husum (North Frisian: H\u00fcsem) is the capital of the Kreis (district) Nordfriesland in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The town was the birthplace of the novelist Theodor Storm, who coined the epithet \"the grey town by the sea\". It is also the home of the annual international piano festival Rarit\u00e4ten der Klaviermusik (Rarities of Piano Music) founded in 1986.", "Q69121": "Bever (Romansh: [\u02c8bev\u0259\u027e] ; German and official until 1943 Bevers) is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q686621": "Alexander Walker (23 March 1930 \u2013 15 July 2003) was a film critic, born in Portadown, Northern Ireland. He was educated at Queen's University, Belfast, the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium and the University of Michigan, and worked for the Birmingham Post in the 1950s, before becoming film critic of the London Evening Standard in 1960, a role he retained until his death in 2003. He was a highly influential figure within the film industry, and also wrote a number of books including one on Stanley Kubrick, a history of the impact made on Hollywood by the rise of the talkies (The Shattered Silents) and a biography of Elizabeth Taylor. His most extensive work is a history of British cinema, spread over three books: Hollywood England, National Heroes and Icons in the Fire.", "Q102008": "Johann Culemeyer (16 October 1883 - 20 January 1951) was a German engineer.Culemeyer was born in Hanover in 1883 and, in 1936, he became a director of the Deutsche Reichsbahn and in that capacity was responsible for the construction, procurement and running of road vehicles, railway wagons and heavy transporters.\nAs early as 1931, he had designed a transportation system which was subsequently named after him, the \"Culemeyer heavy trailer\". This heavy road trailer enabled the transportation of goods wagons on the road. These trailers initially had four axles with 16 solid rubber wheels. From 1935, a six-axle, 24-wheel version was also produced.\nUnder the slogan Die Eisenbahn ins Haus ('The Railway to Your Door') goods wagons were brought to factories and other places that did not have their own railway links from the nearest loading station. It was patented on 29 November 1931 under the name Fahrbares Anschlussgleis ('Rail Link on Wheels') and demonstrated to the public for the first time on 24 April 1931 at the Anhalter Bahnhof in Berlin.\nIn the Deutsche Bundesbahn the trailers were hauled by Kaelble tractors; the Deutsche Reichsbahn (GDR) in East Germany used Tatra tractors.\nWhilst Culemeyer heavy trailers have been largely superseded on the roads by lorries, in some factories and firms they are still used occasionally.\nOn 4 November 1976 a private road belonging to the management of the former Reichsbahn authority (VdeR) in Berlin-Marienfelde (Tempelhof) was named after Johann Culemeyer. The road is open to public traffic and is a cul-de-sac with several industrial sites along it, including the Berliner Werk der Converteam Deutschland that in 1984 moved there as the AEG-Stromrichterfabrik. In the vicinity, there is also the Schwechtenstrasse, named after the architect of the Anhalter Bahnhof.\nCulemeyer died in 1951 in Nordholz, Cuxhaven, in north Germany.", "Q399284": "Agust\u00edn Gonz\u00e1lez Mart\u00ednez (24 March 1930 in Linares \u2013 16 January 2005 in Madrid) was a Spanish actor who appeared in more than 180 films, including El nido (1980), by Jaime de Armi\u00f1an; Volver a empezar (1981), by Jos\u00e9 Luis Garci; La colmena (1982), by Mario Cam\u00fas; Dos mejor que uno (1984), by \u00c1ngel Llorente and Las bicicletas son para el verano (1984), by Fernando Fern\u00e1n G\u00f3mez.", "Q271738": "Brenda K. Starr (born Brenda Kaplan; October 14, 1966) is an American singer and songwriter. She is well known originally in R&B, dance and pop but now mostly in salsa-based music. She is also well known for her 1980s work with freestyle music.", "Q198136": "Zhu Zaiyu (Chinese: \u6731\u8f09\u5809; 1536 \u2013 19 May 1611) was a Chinese mathematician, physicist, choreographer, and musician. He was a prince of the Chinese Ming dynasty. In 1584, Prince Zhu innovatively described the equal temperament via accurate mathematical calculation.Zhu was born in Qinyang, Henan Province to an aristocratic family, the sixth-generation descendant of the Hongxi Emperor, the fourth emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu inherited the title the Prince of Zheng in 1593, but quickly resigned it to his cousin. On the emperor's order, he was granted a new princely title in 1606, the year he delivered a set of ten musicological treatises to the court, establishing his scholarly merit. His posthumous name was \u912d\u7aef\u9756\u4e16\u5b50 (\"His Excellency The Dauphin of Zheng\")\nZhu wrote on music theory and temperament (five treatises survive), music history (two treatises survive), dance and dance music (five treatises survive), and several other works. Three music theory works in particular are associated with the ideas of equal temperament, the\u300c\u5f8b\u5b78\u65b0\u8aaa\u300d (\" on the equal temperament \", 1584), \u300c\u5f8b\u5442\u7cbe\u7fa9\u300d(\"A clear explanation of that which concerns the equal temperament\", 1595/96), and \u300c\u7b97\u5b78\u65b0\u8aaa\u300d(\" Reflection on mathematics\", 1603). His work has been described as \"the crowning achievement of two millennia of acoustical experiment and research (Robinson 1962:224)\" and he is described as \"one of the most important historians of his nation's music.\"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\nZhu also wrote treatises (three survive) on astronomy, physics, mathematics and calendrics, calculated the magnetic declination of Peking, the mass density of mercury and accurately described the duration of one tropical year to correct the Ming calendar.\nZhu's work on equal temperament didn't get any official recognition during his lifetime nor during the Qing dynasty. This was due to the Ming and Qing emphasis on classical scholarship and discouragement of ideas based on empirical observation rather than textual interpretations.", "Q1430048": "Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU) is a public, historically black university in Tallahassee, Florida. Founded in 1887, it is located on the highest geographic hill in Tallahassee. It is the 5th largest historically black university in the United States by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida. It is a member institution of the State University System of Florida, as well as one of the state's land grant universities, and is accredited to award baccalaureate, master's and doctoral degrees by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.\nThe 2020 edition of the U.S. News & World Report college rankings placed the university in Tier 1 among \"national universities\" (254th), 7th among all HBCUs and 2nd among all public HBCUs. The university is classified as an R2 Doctoral Research University under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, which denotes higher research activity.\nFor 2017, the National Science Foundation ranked Florida A&M University 216th nationally and 2nd among HBCU for total research and development expenditures.FAMU sports teams are known as the \"Rattlers\", and compete in Division I of the NCAA. They are a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC).", "Q269177": "Tatiana Yevgenyevna Samoilova (Russian: \u0422\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430; 4 May 1934 \u2013 4 May 2014) was a Soviet and Russian film actress best known for her lead role in The Cranes Are Flying. She received a number of awards for the film, including a special mention at the Cannes Film Festival. Samoilova had several major roles in the 1960s before largely disappearing from public life. In 1993, she was named a People's Artist of Russia. She made a comeback in the 2000s and received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2007 Moscow Film Festival.", "Q509341": "Sofia Shinas (born January 17, 1968) is a Greek Canadian singer, songwriter, actress and director.Shinas entered the entertainment industry as a recording artist and later pursued acting. After graduating from film school, she became a film director. She is best known for her role as Eric Draven's murdered fianc\u00e9e, Shelly, in The Crow starring opposite Brandon Lee.", "Q3025746": "DIG! is a 2003 documentary film about the collision of art and commerce through the eyes of The Dandy Warhols and The Brian Jonestown Massacre, focusing on the developing careers and the love-hate relationship of the bands' respective frontmen Courtney Taylor-Taylor and Anton Newcombe. It was shot over seven years and compiled from over 2500 hours of footage. It won the Documentary Grand Jury Prize at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival. and was acquired by the Museum of Modern Art for their permanent collection.", "Q1379834": "Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, abbreviated as SPbPU (also, formerly \"Saint Petersburg State Technical University\", abbreviated as SPbSTU), is a major Russian technical university located in Saint Petersburg. Other former names included Peter the Great Polytechnic Institute (\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e) and Kalinin Polytechnic Institute (\u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430). The university is considered to be one of the top research facilities in Russian Federation and CIS member states and is a leading educational facility in the field of applied physics and mathematics, industrial engineering, chemical engineering, aerospace engineering and other academic disciplines. In 2012, SPbPU was ranked among the top 400 universities in the World. It houses one of the country's most advanced research labs in hydro\u2013aerodynamics. The university's alumni include famous Nobel Prize winners, such as Pyotr Kapitsa, prominent nuclear physicists and atomic weapon designers such as Yulii Khariton and Nikolay Dukhov world-class aircraft designers and aerospace engineers, such as Yulii Khariton, Oleg Antonov, Nikolai Polikarpov and Georgy Beriev. The university offers academic programs at the Bachelor, Master's and Doctorate degree levels. SPbSPU consists of structural units called Institutes divided into three categories:\nEngineering Institutes\nPhysical Institutes\nEconomics and Humanities Institutes", "Q71785": "Coronado is a 2003 German-American adventure film directed by Claudio F\u00e4h in his directorial debut. It stars Kristin Dattilo, Clayton Rohner, Michael Lowry and John Rhys-Davies.\n\n", "Q180792": "Dietikon District is a district of the Swiss canton of Z\u00fcrich. The capital of the district of Dietikon is the city of Dietikon, located in the Limmat Valley (German: Limmattal).\nDietikon District was created in 1989 by splitting the former Z\u00fcrich District into three parts. The western part became the Dietikon District, the eastern part became the district (respectively city) of Z\u00fcrich and the municipality of Zollikon (located east of Z\u00fcrich) was integrated into the Meilen District.", "Q1086680": "Rosal\u00eda Mera Goyenechea (28 January 1944 \u2013 15 August 2013) was a Spanish businesswoman and entrepreneur. At the time of her death, she was the richest woman in Spain and the world's richest self-made woman. In 1975, she co-founded the Zara retail chain with her then-husband Amancio Ortega Gaona. The company grew to become the world's largest fashion retailer.", "Q381420": "Sigvart Dagsland (born 18 October 1963) is a Norwegian singer, pianist and composer.", "Q282883": "Other important Muslim mystics carry the name Suhrawardi, particularly Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi and his paternal nephew Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi.\"Shah\u0101b ad-D\u012bn\" Yahya ibn Habash Suhraward\u012b (Persian: \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u200e, also known as Sohrevardi) (1154-1191) was a Persian philosopher and founder of the Iranian school of Illuminationism, an important school in Islamic philosophy that drew upon Zoroastrian and Platonic ideas. The \"light\" in his \"Philosophy of Illumination\" is a divine and metaphysical source of knowledge. He is referred to by the honorific title Shaikh al-\u02bfIshraq \"Master of Illumination\" and Shaikh al-Maqtul \"the Murdered Master\", in reference to his execution for heresy. Mulla Sadra, the Persian sage of the Safavid era described Suhrawardi as the \"Reviver of the Traces of the Pahlavi (Iranian) Sages\", and Suhrawardi, in his magnum opus \"The Philosophy of Illumination\", thought of himself as a reviver or resuscitator of the ancient tradition of Persian wisdom.\n\n", "Q201234": "The Adventures of Robin Hood is a 1938 American Technicolor swashbuckler film directed by Michael Curtiz and William Keighley and starring Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone, and Claude Rains. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and produced by Hal B. Wallis and Henry Blanke.Written by Norman Reilly Raine and Seton I. Miller, the film depicts the legendary Robin Hood as a Saxon knight who, in King Richard's absence in the Holy Land during the Crusades, fights back as the outlaw leader of a rebel guerrilla band against Prince John and the Norman lords oppressing the Saxon commoners.\nThe Adventures of Robin Hood has been acclaimed by critics since its release. In 1995, the film was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation by the National Film Registry.Alan Hale Sr., who plays Little John, had played the same character in the 1922 version of the film and went on to play him again in Rogues of Sherwood Forest, released by Columbia in 1950.", "Q104492": "Norbert Neuser is a German politician who is serving as a Member of the European Parliament for the Social Democratic Party of Germany political party.\n\n", "Q1409622": "Pasquale Aleardi (born 1 June 1971) is a Swiss actor. He is known for playing the role of 'J.D. Salinas' in Resident Evil. He also starred as Billy Flynn in the Broadway production of Chicago.In 2016, Aleardi starred in the lead role of Tommaso, an Italian Miner in Gotthard (2016). The film is the largest-scale Swiss TV production ever made and screened as a world premiere on 2 August 2016 for the traditional Prefestival evening, at the Festival del film Locarno 2016. \nAleardi is the son of Greco-Italian emigrants. Aleardi was hired for his first Swiss film role in Tsch\u00e4ss. Despite the sudden success he ended 1995, the Theatre Academy and went to Germany, where he took engagements at theaters in Bonn, D\u00fcsseldorf and Cologne.\nAfter several theater successes on German stages with pieces such as the Big Bang by Arthur Miller (Best Production NRW 96 / Berlin Theatre Meeting), his interest focused on the movie. He played among others on the side of Veronica Ferres in the TV movie Forever Lost, for its German cinema debut night in the park to cast him alongside Heike Makatsch and Heino Ferch, with the main role in Bertolt Brecht film version Baal he mimed the role of Ekart alongside Matthias Schweighofer and his performance on the side of Milla Jovovich in the 80 million expensive production Resident Evil gave him first on the international stage.\nOne of the greatest successes landed Pasquale to his home country, when copilot Peter Landolt Pasquale Aleardi celebrated in January 2006 hit movie in the Swiss cinema production Grounding - The Last Days of Swissair.\nIn Germany, Aleardi played in 2006 in the spring at the Berlinale in the film Beautiful Life, as well as in the theater adaptation of Frank Wedekind LULU. In Anke Engelke series womanizing he put his comedy talent. In autumn 2006 launched the German film comedy Where Is Fred? in which Aleardi was an egocentric Marketing Manager, Alexandra Maria Lara, J\u00fcrgen Vogel and Til Schweiger makes life difficult. Simultaneously launched in Switzerland, the television production sweets, in which he tries to save as a charming Blender his company with all the tricks from ruin.\nPasquale Aleardi lives in Berlin, speaks five languages; next to the spectacle is music his second passion. He is active as a singer, plays the piano and is a member of the Cologne music project since 2004.\nIn 2017 he won a Swiss Film Award for Best Leading Actor for playing the role of Tommaso in Gotthard in (2016).", "Q216748": "Richard Thorpe (born Rollo Smolt Thorpe; February 24, 1896 \u2013 May 1, 1991) was an American film director best known for his long career at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.", "Q933332": "Jonathan Culler (born 1944) is Class of 1916 Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Cornell University; his published works are in the fields of structuralism, literary theory and criticism.\n\n", "Q143901": "Flashback is a 1990 American adventure comedy film starring Dennis Hopper, Kiefer Sutherland and Carol Kane. The film is written by David Loughery and directed by Franco Amurri.", "Q105954": "Grete Weiskopf (11 May 1905 - 15 March 1966), known by the pseudonym Alex Wedding, was a German author of children's and young adult fiction.", "Q90209": "Rudolf Greinz (August 16, 1866 - August 16, 1942) was an Austrian writer. He was born as the eldest of five children of Anton Greinz and his wife Maria (nee Kapferer). His younger brothers Hugo (1873\u20131946) and Hermann (1879\u20131938) were also writers. In 1879 the family moved to Salzburg. his father had been transferred there.In 1883 Rudolf Greinz laid on the k.k. State Gymnasium in Salzburg from the Matura. He then studied German language and literature, Classical Philology and art history at the Universities of Graz and Innsbruck. Due to illness, Greinz had to give up his intended scientific career. Thereupon decided for the writing profession. As a freelance writer he settled in Merano.In Meran, Rudolf Greinz met Zoe Basevi, a native of a significant Jewish-British family, the daughter of a retired naval officer living there, a grandniece of the English statesman Benjamin Disraeli. They married in 1899. \nIn 1905 he moved with his family to Innsbruck. There he worked on the magazine Der F\u00f6hn, together with Richard Wilhelm Polifka, Rudolf Brix and Franz Kranewitter. His contributions, however, increasingly met with criticism and rejection of his fellow writers, which is why he relocated to Munich in 1911. There he worked under the pseudonym \"Tuifelemaler Kassian Kluibensch\u00e4del\u201c at the magazine Jugend.In 1934 his wife Zoe died. Two years later, Rudolf Greinz moved to Ansitz Rosenegg in Aldrans, a village above Innsbruck. He acquired the \"Villa Rosenegg\" in 1926, but initially used it only as a summer resort. Numerous travels took him to poetry readings throughout the German-speaking world. \nIn 1939 Greinz submitted his application for admission to the Reichsschrifttumskammer, which was retroactively granted on July 1, 1938.Rudolf Greinz died on his 76th birthday. His tomb is located in the cemetery in Ampass.", "Q1776728": "Svein Ingvar Gjedrem (born 25 January 1950 in Finn\u00f8y) is a Norwegian economist and former Governor of the Central Bank of Norway.\nHe graduated in political economy from the University of Oslo in 1975, worked as a consultant in the Central Bank of Norway from 1975\u20131979 and in the Ministry of Finance from 1979 to 1998. He served two terms as Central Bank Governor from 1 January 1999.[1] In June 2011, Gjedrem got his position as permanent under-secretary of the Ministry of Finance back. He remained here until 2015.\nIn the late 1960s and early 1970s Gjedrem played football for Viking and Lyn.Gjedrem\u00a8s successor as Governor of the Central Bank of Norway was \u00d8ystein Olsen who was appointed in October 2010 and took over on 1 January 2011.Gjedrem has accepted a part-time position at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, and started teaching in 2011.", "Q89980": "Elmar Kraushaar (born 11 August 1950) is a German journalist and author who lives in Berlin.", "Q456137": "The Rieserferner Group (Italian: Gruppo delle Vedrette di Ries, German: Rieserfernergruppe) is a mountain range in the Austrian Central Alps. Together with the Ankogel Group, Goldberg Group, Glockner Group, Schober Group, Kreuzeck Group, Granatspitze Group, Venediger Group and the Villgraten Mountains the group is part of the High Tauern. The Rieserferner mountains extend across the Austrian state of Tyrol and the Italian province of South Tyrol (Trentino-South Tyrol region). The mountains mainly lie in South Tyrol, where the greater part is protected within the Rieserferner-Ahrn Nature Park.\nThe Rieserferner Group forms the southwesternmost part of the High Tauern, its foothills running towards the southwest as far as Bruneck in the Puster Valley. Its name is derived from the Rieserferner, a glacier on the northern flank between the Hochgall (highest summit in the range at 3,436 m s.l.m.) and the Schneebiger Nock (3,358 m s.l.m.).\nThe Rieserferner Group is rather small in comparison with other Alpine ranges. It is, however, popular with climbers and hikers due to its prominent and steep, partly glaciated summits.", "Q311755": "Gillian Schieber Flynn (; born February 24, 1971) is an American writer. Flynn has published three novels, Sharp Objects, Dark Places, and Gone Girl, all three of which have been adapted for film or television. Flynn wrote the adaptations for the 2014 Gone Girl film and the HBO limited series Sharp Objects. She was formerly a television critic for Entertainment Weekly.", "Q331485": "Jean-Marie Messier (born 13 December 1956) is a French businessman who was chairman and chief executive of the multinational media conglomerate Vivendi (formerly Vivendi Universal) until 2002. He is also frequently referred to by the nickname \"J2M\" and \"J6M\", based on his initials.", "Q457229": "Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone (February 27, 1905 \u2013 September 18, 1968) was an American stage, film and television actor. He was Oscar-nominated for his role as Midshipman Roger Byam in Mutiny on the Bounty (1935). Tone was a leading man in the 1930s and early \u201840s, and at the height of his career was known for his gentlemanly, sophisticate roles, with supporting roles by the \u201850s. His acting crossed many genres including pre-Code romantic leads to Noir layered roles and many WWI films. He appeared as a guest star in episodes of several golden age television series, including The Twilight Zone and The Alfred Hitchcock Hour while continuing to act and produce in the theater and movies throughout the 1960s.\n\n", "Q185832": "Emanuel Swedenborg (, Swedish: [\u02c8sv\u00ea\u02d0d\u025bn\u02ccb\u0254rj\u0259] (listen); born Emanuel Swedberg; 8 February [O.S. 29 January] 1688 \u2013 29 March 1772) was a Swedish pluralistic-Christian theologian, scientist, philosopher and mystic. He is best known for his book on the afterlife, Heaven and Hell (1758).Swedenborg had a prolific career as an inventor and scientist. In 1741, at 53, he entered into a spiritual phase in which he began to experience dreams and visions, beginning on Easter Weekend, on 6 April 1744. It culminated in a \"spiritual awakening\"\nin which he received a revelation that he was appointed by Jesus Christ to write The Heavenly Doctrine to reform Christianity. According to The Heavenly Doctrine, the Lord had opened Swedenborg's spiritual eyes so that from then on, he could freely visit heaven and hell to converse with angels, demons and other spirits and the Last Judgment had already occurred the year before, in 1757. According to Swedenborg, we leave the physical world once, but then go through several lives in the spiritual world \u2014 a kind of hybrid of Christian tradition and the popular view of reincarnation.Over the last 28 years of his life, Swedenborg wrote 18 published theological works\u2014and several more that were unpublished. He termed himself a \"Servant of the Lord Jesus Christ\" in True Christian Religion, which he published himself. Some followers of The Heavenly Doctrine believe that of his theological works, only those that were published by Swedenborg himself are fully divinely inspired. Others have regarded all Swedenborg's theological works as equally inspired, saying for example that the fact that some works were \"not written out in a final edited form for publication does not make a single statement less trustworthy than the statements in any of the other works\". The New Church, a new religious movement comprising several historically-related Christian denominations, reveres Swedenborg's writings as revelation.\n\n", "Q13666": "Messina (, also US: , Italian: [mes\u02c8si\u02d0na] (listen); Sicilian: Missina [m\u026as\u02c8si\u02d0na]; Latin: Messana; Ancient Greek: \u039c\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7, romanized: Mess\u1e17n\u0113) is the capital of the Italian Metropolitan City of Messina. It is the third largest city on the island of Sicily, and the 13th largest city in Italy, with a population of more than 231,000 inhabitants in the city proper and about 650,000 in the Metropolitan City. It is located near the northeast corner of Sicily, at the Strait of Messina, opposite Villa San Giovanni on the mainland, and has close ties with Reggio Calabria. According to Eurostat the FUA of the metropolitan area of Messina has, in 2014, 277,584 inhabitants.\nThe city's main resources are its seaports (commercial and military shipyards), cruise tourism, commerce, and agriculture (wine production and cultivating lemons, oranges, mandarin oranges, and olives). The city has been a Roman Catholic Archdiocese and Archimandrite seat since 1548 and is home to a locally important international fair. The city has the University of Messina, founded in 1548 by Ignatius of Loyola.\nMessina has a light rail system, Tranvia di Messina, opened on 3 April 2003. This line is 7.7 kilometres (4.8 mi) and links the city's central railway station with the city centre and harbour.", "Q921736": "Israel Albert Horowitz (often known as I. A. Horowitz or Al Horowitz) (November 15, 1907 \u2013 January 18, 1973) was an American International Master of chess. He is most remembered today for the books he wrote about chess. In 1989 he was inducted into the World Chess Hall of Fame.", "Q96678": "Georg Daniel Teutsch (December 12, 1817, Sch\u00e4ssburg, Austrian Empire - July 2, 1893, Hermannstadt, Austria-Hungary) was a Transylvanian historian and Lutheran (Augsburg Confession) bishop.\n\n", "Q544241": "Anguo (simplified Chinese: \u5b89\u56fd; traditional Chinese: \u5b89\u570b; pinyin: \u0100ngu\u00f3), nicknamed \"Medicine Capital\" (\u836f\u90fd), is a county-level city under the administration of and 52 kilometres (32 mi) south of Baoding, central Hebei province, China.It has a provincially protected Temple of the God of Medicine (\u85e5\u738b\u5edf) established around 100.\nIn premodern China, Anguo was Qizhou (Chinese: \u7941\u5dde; pinyin: Q\u00edzh\u014du). In 1991, Anguo was changed from county into a city. The city governs 20 town-level entities in 486 km2 (188 sq mi), of which the centrally placed Yaocheng (\u836f\u57ce; Y\u00e0och\u00e9ng) is the municipal seat. The Chinese playwright Guan Hanqing was born here.", "Q2558129": "Ann Dowd (born January 30, 1956) is an American actress. She has played supporting roles in several films, including Green Card (1990), Lorenzo's Oil (1992), Philadelphia (1993), Garden State (2004), The Manchurian Candidate (2004), Marley & Me (2008), Side Effects (2013), St. Vincent (2014), Captain Fantastic (2016), and Hereditary (2018). Dowd appeared as Sandra in the thriller film Compliance (2012), for which she received the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress.\nDowd was a series regular on the HBO series The Leftovers (2014\u20132017), for which she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series. In 2017, she began playing Aunt Lydia on the Hulu series The Handmaid's Tale, for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.", "Q89758": "Cosima Arabella-Asereba Kiesbauer (born 8 April 1969), known professionally as Arabella Kiesbauer, is a German-Austrian TV presenter, writer and actress. She grew up in Vienna with her grandmother after her mother Hannelore (a German theater actress) and her father Sammy Ammissah (a Ghanaian engineer) separated.", "Q1437": "Rajasthan ( Hindustani pronunciation: [ra\u02d0d\u0292\u0259s\u02c8t\u02b0a\u02d0n] (listen); literally, \"Land of Kings\") is a state in northern India. The state covers an area of 342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi) or 10.4 percent of the total geographical area of India. It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population. Rajasthan is located on the northwestern side of India, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert (also known as the \"Great Indian Desert\") and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west, along the Sutlej-Indus river valley. Elsewhere it is bordered by five other Indian states: Punjab to the north; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast; and Gujarat to the southwest.\nMajor features include the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilisation at Kalibanga and Balathal, the Dilwara Temples, a Jain pilgrimage site at Rajasthan's only hill station, Mount Abu, in the ancient Aravalli mountain range and in eastern Rajasthan, the Keoladeo National Park of Bharatpur, a World Heritage Site known for its bird life. Rajasthan is also home to three national tiger reserves, the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur, Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar and Mukundra Hill Tiger Reserve in Kota.\nThe state was formed on 30 March 1949 when Rajputana \u2013 the name adopted by the British Raj for its dependencies in the region \u2013 was merged into the Dominion of India. Its capital and largest city is Jaipur. Other important cities are Jodhpur, Kota, Bikaner, Ajmer, Bharatpur and Udaipur. The economy of Rajasthan is the ninth-largest state economy in India with \u20b99.24 lakh crore (US$130 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of \u20b9108,000 (US$1,500). Rajasthan ranks 29th among Indian states in human development index.", "Q116096": "Friedrich Gottlieb Otto Sutermeister (27 September 1832 in Tegerfelden \u2013 18 August 1901 in Aarau) was a Swiss folklorist and professor at the University of Berne who collected and revised numerous folk tales, legends, fables, and proverbs.Strongly influenced by the Brothers Grimm, Sutermeister emphasized the didactic aspect of Swiss folklore and rewrote many of the tales to suit young readers. He also was editor of the works of Jeremias Gotthelf and of the \"Swiss Idioticon\".\nOtto Sutermeister was a friend of the German poet Friedrich R\u00fcckert, the father of Werner Sutermeister and the grandfather of Heinrich and Hans Martin Sutermeister.", "Q14109": "Rosalind Wright Picard (born May 17, 1962) is an American scholar and inventor who is Professor of Media Arts and Sciences at MIT, founder and director of the Affective Computing Research Group at the MIT Media Lab, and co-founder of the startups Affectiva and Empatica. In 2005, she was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers for contributions to image and video analysis and affective computing. In 2019 she received one of the highest professional honors accorded an engineer, election to the National Academy of Engineering for her contributions on affective computing and wearable computing.Picard is credited with starting the branch of computer science known as affective computing with her 1997 book of the same name. This book described the importance of emotion in intelligence, the vital role human emotion communication has to relationships between people, and the possible effects of emotion recognition by robots and wearable computers. Her work in this field has led to an expansion into autism research and developing devices that could help humans recognize nuances in human emotions.", "Q637571": "Alexander Arnold (born 21 December 1992) is an English actor, singer, and musician, best known for his role as Rich Hardbeck in the E4 teen drama Skins.\n\n", "Q320588": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut. It tells the story of Roy Neary, an everyday blue-collar worker in Indiana, whose life changes after an encounter with an unidentified flying object (UFO).\nClose Encounters was a long-cherished project for Spielberg. In late 1973, he developed a deal with Columbia Pictures for a science fiction film. Though Spielberg received sole credit for the script, he was assisted by Paul Schrader, John Hill, David Giler, Hal Barwood, Matthew Robbins, and Jerry Belson, all of whom contributed to the screenplay in varying degrees. The title is derived from Ufologist J. Allen Hynek's classification of close encounters with aliens, in which the third kind denotes human observations of aliens or \"animate beings\". Douglas Trumbull served as the visual effects supervisor, while Carlo Rambaldi designed the aliens.\nMade on a production budget of $20 million, Close Encounters was released in a limited number of cities on November 16, 1977 and November 23, 1977 before expanding into wide release the following month. It was a critical and financial success, eventually grossing over $300 million worldwide. The film received numerous awards and nominations at the 50th Academy Awards, 32nd British Academy Film Awards, the 35th Golden Globe Awards and the 5th Saturn Awards, and has been widely acclaimed by the American Film Institute.\nIn December 2007, it was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. A Special Edition of the film, featuring both shortened and newly added scenes, was released theatrically in 1980. Spielberg agreed to do the special edition to add more scenes that they were unable to include in the original release, with the studio demanding a controversial scene depicting the interior of the alien mothership. Spielberg's dissatisfaction with the altered ending scene led to a third version of the film, referred to as the Director's Cut, that was issued on VHS and LaserDisc in 1998 (and later DVD and Blu-ray). The director's cut is the longest version of the film, combining Spielberg's favorite elements from both previous editions but removing the scenes inside the alien mothership. The film was later remastered in 4K and re-released in theatres on September 1, 2017 for its 40th anniversary.", "Q281352": "Claire Keim (born 8 July 1975) is a French actress and singer.\n\n", "Q167109": "Eger (UK: EG-\u0259r, US: AY-g\u0259r, Hungarian: [\u02c8\u025b\u0261\u025br] (listen); see etymology for alternative names) is the county seat of Heves, and the second largest city in Northern Hungary (after Miskolc). Eger is best known for its castle, thermal baths, baroque buildings, the northernmost Ottoman minaret, dishes and red wines. Its population according to the census of 2011 makes it the 19th largest centre of population in Hungary. The town is located on the Eger Stream, on the hills of the B\u00fckk Mountains.", "Q45346": "Fernando de Buen y Lozano (10 October 1895 \u2013 6 May 1962) was a Spanish ichthyologist and oceanographer. He lived in Mexico, Uruguay, and Chile. In Uruguay, he was the director of the Department of Science at the Oceanography and Fisheries Service as well as Professor of Hydrobiology and Protozoology in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. He was an honorary foreign member of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.", "Q65096": "Savognin (in local Romansh dialect Suagnign; Italian: Savognino; German: Schweiningen, official name until 1890) is a village and former municipality in the Surs\u00e9s in the district of Albula in the canton of Grisons in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged to form the new municipality of Surses.The stately village is the main municipality of the Surs\u00e9s (German: Oberhalbstein), like the whole region (the major valley of the Gelgia and its side valleys) is called, and is a foreign tourist destination in both, summer and winter. The official language is the Romansh dialect Surmiran.", "Q213156": "Performance art is a performance presented to an audience within a fine art context, traditionally interdisciplinary. Performance may be either scripted or unscripted, random or carefully orchestrated, spontaneous or otherwise carefully planned with or without audience participation. The performance can be live or via media; the performer can be present or absent. It can be any situation that involves four basic elements: time, space, the performer's body or presence in a medium, and a relationship between performer and audience. Performance art can happen anywhere, in any type of venue or setting and for any length of time. The actions of an individual or a group at a particular place and in a particular time constitute the work.", "Q281434": "Angela \"Angel\" Wainaina (1983 \u2013 28 January 2009) was a Kenyan actress, radio presenter and rapper.\n\n", "Q129500": "Theodwin was prince-bishop of Li\u00e8ge from 1048 to 1075.", "Q75285": "\u0218erban Ionescu (Romanian pronunciation: [\u0283er\u02c8ban jo\u02c8nesku]; 23 September 1950 \u2013 21 November 2012) was a Romanian actor, born in Corabia, Olt County.Ionescu was diagnosed with ALS in 2011 and died at Floreasca Emergency Hospital in Bucharest on 21 November 2012. He is survived by his wife, Magda Catone and by his son, Carol.", "Q289068": "Bernadette Lafont (28 October 1938 \u2013 25 July 2013) was a French actress who appeared in more than 120 feature films. She has been considered \"the face of French New Wave\". In 1999 she told The New York Times her work was \"the motor of my existence\".\n\n", "Q8413": "Constantine the Great (Latin: Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus; Ancient Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u0391\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, romanized: K\u014dnstant\u00eenos ho A\u00fagoustos; 27 February c. AD 272 \u2013 22 May AD 337), also known as Constantine I, was a Roman Emperor who ruled between AD 306 and 337. Born in Naissus, in Dacia Ripensis, the city now known as Ni\u0161 (in Serbia), he was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman Army officer of Illyrian origins. His mother, Helena, was Greek. His father became Caesar, the deputy emperor in the west, in AD 293. Constantine was sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military tribune under Emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius was raised to the rank of Augustus, senior western emperor, and Constantine was recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia (Britain). Constantine was acclaimed as emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in AD 306. He emerged victorious in the civil wars against Emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of the eastern and western empires by AD 324.\nAs emperor, Constantine enacted administrative, financial, social and military reforms to strengthen the empire. He restructured the government, separating civil and military authorities. To combat inflation he introduced the solidus, a new gold coin that became the standard for Byzantine and European currencies for more than a thousand years. The Roman army was reorganised to consist of mobile units (comitatenses) and garrison troops (limitanei) capable of countering internal threats and barbarian invasions. Constantine pursued successful campaigns against the tribes on the Roman frontiers\u2014the Franks, the Alamanni, the Goths and the Sarmatians\u2014even resettling territories abandoned by his predecessors during the Crisis of the Third Century.\nConstantine was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. Although he lived much of his life as a pagan, and later as a catechumen, he joined the Christian religion on his deathbed, being baptised by Eusebius of Nicomedia. He played an influential role in the proclamation of the Edict of Milan in 313, which declared tolerance for Christianity in the Roman empire. He called the First Council of Nicaea in 325, which produced the statement of Christian belief known as the Nicene Creed. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre was built on his orders at the purported site of Jesus' tomb in Jerusalem and became the holiest place in Christendom. The Papal claim to temporal power in the High Middle Ages was based on the fabricated Donation of Constantine. He has historically been referred to as the \"First Christian Emperor\" and he did favour the Christian Church. Some modern scholars debate his beliefs and even his comprehension of Christianity.The age of Constantine marked a distinct epoch in the history of the Roman Empire. He built a new imperial residence at Byzantium and renamed the city Constantinople (now Istanbul) after himself (the laudatory epithet of \"New Rome\" emerged in his time, and was never an official title). It became the capital of the Empire for more than a thousand years, the later eastern Roman Empire, being referred to as the Byzantine Empire by modern historians. His more immediate political legacy was that he replaced Diocletian's tetrarchy with the principle of dynastic succession by leaving the empire to his sons. His reputation flourished during the lifetime of his children and for centuries after his reign. The medieval church upheld him as a paragon of virtue, while secular rulers invoked him as a prototype, a point of reference and the symbol of imperial legitimacy and identity. Beginning with the Renaissance, there were more critical appraisals of his reign, due to the rediscovery of anti-Constantinian sources. Trends in modern and recent scholarship have attempted to balance the extremes of previous scholarship.\n\n", "Q116928": "The Twilight Saga: New Moon, commonly referred to as New Moon, is a 2009 American romantic fantasy film based on Stephenie Meyer's 2006 novel New Moon. It is the second film in The Twilight Saga film series and is the sequel to 2008's Twilight. Summit Entertainment greenlit the sequel in late November 2008, following the early success of Twilight. Directed by Chris Weitz, the film stars Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner, reprising their roles as Bella Swan, Edward Cullen, and Jacob Black, respectively. Melissa Rosenberg, who handed in a draft of the film script during the opening weekend of Twilight, returned as screenwriter for New Moon as well.Filming began in Vancouver in late March 2009, and in Montepulciano, Italy in late May 2009. The film was released on November 20, 2009 in most countries, and set domestic box office records as the biggest midnight screening, grossing $26.3 million, which was superseded by its sequel, Eclipse. This led to the highest single-day, domestic gross on an opening day, with $72.7 million, until it was beaten in 2011 by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2, which made $91.1 million, by nearly $20 million. Furthermore, New Moon opened with the third-highest domestic opening weekend since 2002 grossing a total of $142,839,137. The film also became the highest-grossing film released by Summit Entertainment, and was the widest independent release, playing in over 4,100 theaters in its theatrical run, until it was surpassed by The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.New Moon was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on March 20, 2010 through midnight release parties. As of July 2012, the film has grossed $184,916,451 in North American DVD sales, selling more than 8,835,501 units, 4 million of which were sold within its first weekend, beating Twilight's 3.8 million units sold in its first two days. The film was well received by fans, but received generally negative reviews from critics.", "Q909904": "Kenneth Olin \"Ken\" Maynard (July 21, 1895 \u2013 March 23, 1973) was an American actor and producer. He was mostly active from the 1920s to the 1940s and considered one of the biggest Western stars in Hollywood.\nMaynard was also an occasional screenwriter and director. In 1960, he was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry.", "Q262977": "71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance (German: 71 Fragmente einer Chronologie des Zufalls) is a 1994 Austrian drama film directed by Michael Haneke. It has a fragmented storyline as the title suggests, and chronicles several seemingly unrelated stories in parallel. These separate narrative lines intersect in an incident at the end of the film: a mass killing at an Austrian bank. The film is set in Vienna from October to December of 1993. Haneke refers to 71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance as the last part of his \"glaciation trilogy\", the other parts of which are his preceding two films The Seventh Continent and Benny's Video.", "Q459562": "Asma Barlas (born 1950) is a Pakistani-American writer and academic. Her specialties include comparative and international politics, Islam and Qur'anic hermeneutics, and women's studies.", "Q97200": "Paul Wegener (1 October 1908 in Varel \u2013 5 May 1993 in W\u00e4chtersbach) was a German Nazi Party official.", "Q120242": "Daniele Pantano (born February 10, 1976) is a poet, literary translator, artist, editor, and scholar. He was born in Langenthal, Switzerland, of Sicilian and German parentage. Pantano holds degrees in philosophy, literature, and creative writing. His poems have been translated into several languages, including Albanian, Arabic, Bulgarian, French, German, Italian, Kurdish, Slovenian, Persian, Russian, and Spanish. He is the former American editor of H\u00e4rter, a prominent German literary magazine; co-editor of em: a review of text and image; publisher/faculty advisor of Black Market Review; translations editor of The Adirondack Review, and editor of Saw Palm: Florida Literature and Art, Poems Niederngasse, and The M.A.G. Pantano divides his time between Switzerland, the United States, and England. He has taught at the University of South Florida and, as visiting poet-in-residence, at Florida Southern College. In 2008, he joined the staff of Edge Hill University, England, as Senior Lecturer in Creative Writing and Programme Leader of the BA Creative Writing. In 2012, he was promoted to Reader in Poetry and Literary Translation. Pantano currently teaches at the University of Lincoln, where he is Senior Lecturer in Creative Writing and Programme Leader for the MA Creative Writing.", "Q88320": "Rudolf Buttmann (4 July 1885 in Marktbreit, Bavaria \u2013 25 January 1947) was a German politician and diplomat. He was a department minister in the Reich Ministry of the Interior at the time of the signing of the Reichskonkordat.\n\nFrom 1935 to 1945 he was director general of the Bavarian State Library.", "Q186485": "William Edward Crystal (born March 14, 1948) is an American actor, voice artist, comedian, singer, writer, producer, director, and television host. He gained prominence in the 1970s and 80s for television roles as Jodie Dallas on the ABC sitcom Soap and as a cast member and frequent host of Saturday Night Live. He then became a Hollywood film star during the late 1980s and 1990s, appearing in the critical and box office successes The Princess Bride (1987), Throw Momma from the Train (1987), When Harry Met Sally... (1989), City Slickers (1991), Mr. Saturday Night (1992) and Analyze This (1999), and providing the voice of Mike Wazowski in the Monsters, Inc. films, starting in 2001. He will reprise his role in the upcoming Disney+ series Monsters at Work (2020).\nFor his work, he received numerous accolades, including six Primetime Emmy Awards, a Tony Award, a Mark Twain Prize and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1991. He has hosted the Academy Awards nine times, beginning in 1990 and most recently in 2012.", "Q93066": "Konrad R. Fia\u0142kowski (born December 29, 1939) is a Polish engineer, information technology scientist and science fiction writer.\nBorn in Lublin, Fia\u0142kowski held the titles of Professor at American Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Warsaw University.", "Q463832": "The Insider is a 1999 American drama film directed by Michael Mann, from a script adapted by Eric Roth and Mann from Marie Brenner's Vanity Fair article \"The Man Who Knew Too Much\". The film stars Al Pacino and Russell Crowe, with supporting actors including Christopher Plummer, Bruce McGill, Diane Venora and Michael Gambon.\nA fictionalized account of a true story, it is based on the 60 Minutes segment about Jeffrey Wigand, a whistleblower in the tobacco industry, covering the personal struggles of him and CBS producer Lowell Bergman as they defend his testimony against efforts to discredit and suppress it by CBS and Wigand's former employer.\nThough not a box office success, The Insider received critical acclaim, with particular praise for Crowe's portrayal of Wigand, and Mann's direction. It was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor in a Leading Role (for Russell Crowe).", "Q641": "Venice ( VEN-iss; Italian: Venezia [ve\u02c8n\u025bttsja] (listen); Venetian: Venesia or Venexia, pronounced [ve\u02c8n\u025bsja]) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is situated on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave rivers (more exactly between the Brenta and the Sile). In 2018, 260,897 people resided in the Comune di Venezia, of whom around 55,000 live in the historical city of Venice (centro storico). Together with Padua and Treviso, the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE), which is considered a statistical metropolitan area, with a total population of 2.6 million.The name is derived from the ancient Veneti people who inhabited the region by the 10th century BC. The city was historically the capital of the Republic of Venice for a millennium and more, from 697 to 1797. It was a major financial and maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as an important center of commerce\u2014especially silk, grain, and spice, and of art from the 13th century to the end of the 17th. The city-state of Venice is considered to have been the first real international financial center, emerging in the 9th century and reaching its greatest prominence in the 14th century. This made Venice a wealthy city throughout most of its history. After the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna, the Republic was annexed by the Austrian Empire, until it became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, following a referendum held as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence.\nVenice has been known as \"La Dominante\", \"La Serenissima\", \"Queen of the Adriatic\", \"City of Water\", \"City of Masks\", \"City of Bridges\", \"The Floating City\", and \"City of Canals\". The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their architecture, and artwork. Venice is known for several important artistic movements\u2014especially during the Renaissance period\u2014has played an important role in the history of symphonic and operatic music, and is the birthplace of Antonio Vivaldi.Although the city is facing some challenges (including an excessive number of tourists and problems caused by pollution, tide peaks and cruise ships sailing too close to buildings), Venice remains a very popular tourist destination, a major cultural centre, and has been ranked many times the most beautiful city in the world. It has been described by the Times Online as one of Europe's most romantic cities and by The New York Times as \"undoubtedly the most beautiful city built by man\".", "Q113688": "Prince Vincenz of Liechtenstein, known in Austria as Vincenz Liechtenstein, (30 July 1950 in Graz \u2013 14 January 2008 in Deutschfeistritz, Styria) was an Austrian politician (\u00d6VP). He was a grandson of Charles I of Austria, the last Austrian Emperor. He was born a Prince of Liechtenstein. He never renounced his succession to the Liechtensteiner throne, but since the nobility in Austria was officially abolished in 1919 after the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, he did not use his princely title or honorific (Serene Highness) in his Austrian civic life.", "Q77492": "Friedrich Wilhelm Weber (25 December 1813 \u2013 5 April 1894) was a German doctor, politician of the Prussian House of Deputies, and poet.\nWeber was born in Alshausen, near Bad Driburg, in Westphalia. His father was forester for the Count of Asseburg. Weber first attended the village school, then when thirteen years old he went to the Gymnasium at Paderborn, and afterwards studied medicine at the University of Greifswald. His talent for poetry had been evidenced at the gymnasium; at university, it grew. After spending two years at Greifswald he went to Breslau, where he became acquainted with Gustav Freitag. After a year, however, he returned to Greifswald, where he obtained a doctorate; thence he went to Berlin, where he passed the state medical examination with great honour. After a brief journey for recreation to southern Germany he settled as a physician in Driburg, where he spent twenty-six years.\nHis practice as a doctor did not keep him from writing poetry. In 1887 he settled permanently at Nieheim. In 1863 he was made Sanit\u00e4tsrat (honorary title given to a distinguished doctor) in recognition of his medical services; he was made an honorary doctor of philosophy by the academy in Munich, and when he celebrated his semi-centennial as a physician he received the Order of the Red Eagle, fourth class, while three years before his death he received the further honour of the title of Geheimen Sanit\u00e4tsrat. He was elected a member of the Prussian House of Deputies. He remained a member of the Centre Party until 1893, when he declined a re-election on account of his health.\nHis poetry fell into the genres of epic, lyric, and didactic. His early poems were frequently imitations of foreign poets. He was also one of the translators who made Scandinavian and English poetry accessible to Germans, including Tennyson's Enoch Arden, Aylmers Field and Maud, and Esaias Tegn\u00e9r's Axel. His reputation, however, was founded on his epic, Dreizehnlinden (1878). It enjoyed a wide circulation, and was arranged for the stage; he was nicknamed 'Dreizehnlinden-Weber' after it. His second work is his Goliath (1892). His Gedichte(1881) and Herbstbl\u00e4tter (1895) were published after his death. Other works include Marienblumen (1885), and two other religious poems written for special occasions, Vater unser and Das Leiden unseres Heilandes (1892).", "Q57742": "Arthur Nebe (13 November 1894 \u2013 21 March 1945) was a key functionary in the security and police apparatus of Nazi Germany and a Holocaust perpetrator.\nNebe rose through the ranks of the Berlin and Prussian police forces to become head of Nazi Germany's Criminal Police (Kriminalpolizei; Kripo) in 1936, which was folded into the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA) in 1939. Prior to the 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union, Nebe volunteered to serve as commanding officer of Einsatzgruppe B. The killing unit was deployed in the Army Group Centre Rear Area, in modern-day Belarus, and reported over 45,000 victims by November 1941. In late 1941, Nebe was posted back to Berlin and resumed his career within the RSHA. Nebe commanded the Kripo until he was denounced and executed after the failed attempt to kill Adolf Hitler in July 1944.\nFollowing the war, Nebe's career and involvement with the 20 July plot were the subject of several apologetic accounts by the members of the plot, who portrayed him as a professional policeman and a dedicated anti-Nazi. The notions that Nebe's motivations were anything other than Nazi ideology have since been discredited by historians who describe him as an opportunist and an \"energetic\", \"enthusiastic\" and \"notorious\" mass murderer driven by racism and careerism.", "Q83275": "Mehmed Ziya G\u00f6kalp (23 March 1876 \u2013 25 October 1924) was a Turkish sociologist, writer, poet, and politician. After the 1908 Young Turk Revolution that reinstated constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire, he adopted the pen name G\u00f6kalp (\"sky hero\"), which he retained for the rest of his life. As a sociologist, Ziya G\u00f6kalp was influential in the negation of Islamism, pan-Islamism, and Ottomanism as ideological, cultural, and sociological identifiers. In a 1936 publication, sociologist Niyazi Berkes described G\u00f6kalp as \"the real founder of Turkish sociology, since he was not a mere translator or interpreter of foreign sociology.\"G\u00f6kalp's work was particularly influential in shaping the reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk; his influence figured prominently in the development of Kemalism, and its legacy in the modern Republic of Turkey. Influenced by contemporary European thought, particularly by the sociological view of \u00c9mile Durkheim, G\u00f6kalp rejected Ottomanism and Islamism in favor of Turkish nationalism. He advocated a re-Turkification of the Ottoman Empire, by promoting Turkish language and culture to all Ottoman citizenry. He found Greeks, Armenians and Jews to be a foreign body in the national Turkish state. His thought, which popularized Pan-Turkism and Turanism, has been described as a \"cult of nationalism and modernization\". His nationalist ideals espoused a de-identification with Ottoman Turkey's nearby Arab neighbors, in lieu of a supernational Turkish (or pan-Turkic) identity with \"a territorial Northeast-orientation [to] Turkic peoples\".", "Q2880": "Hamm (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ham] (listen), Latin: Hammona) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northeastern part of the Ruhr area. As of 2016 its population was 179,397. The city is situated between the A1 motorway and A2 motorway. Hamm railway station is an important hub for rail transport and renowned for its distinctive station building.", "Q325396": "Judd Apatow (; born December 6, 1967) is an American filmmaker, actor and comedian. He is the founder of Apatow Productions, through which he produced and developed the television series Freaks and Geeks, Undeclared, Funny or Die Presents, Girls, Love, and Crashing and directed the films The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Knocked Up (2007), Funny People (2009), This Is 40 (2012), Trainwreck (2015), May It Last: A Portrait Of The Avett Brothers (2017), and The Zen Diaries of Garry Shandling (2018).\nApatow's work has won numerous awards including a Primetime Emmy Award, a Creative Arts Emmy Award, a Hollywood Comedy Award, and an AFI Award for Bridesmaids (2011). His films have also been nominated for Grammy Awards, PGA Awards, Golden Globe Awards, and Academy Awards.His producing credits include The Cable Guy (1996), Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004), Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006), Superbad (2007), Forgetting Sarah Marshall (2008), Step Brothers (2008), Get Him to the Greek (2010), Bridesmaids (2011), Wanderlust (2012), The Five-Year Engagement (2012), Begin Again (2013), Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues (2013), Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016), The Big Sick (2017) and Juliet, Naked (2018).", "Q5137": "Gujarati (; \u0a97\u0ac1\u0a9c\u0ab0\u0abe\u0aa4\u0ac0 gujar\u0101t\u012b [\u0261ud\u0292\u0259\u02c8\u027e\u0251ti\u02d0]) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian state of Gujarat and spoken predominantly by the Gujarati people. Gujarati is part of the greater Indo-European language family. Gujarati is descended from Old Gujarati (circa 1100\u20131500 AD). In India, it is the official language in the state of Gujarat, as well as an official language in the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. As of 2011, Gujarati is the 6th most widely spoken language in India by number of native speakers, spoken by 55.5 million speakers which amounts to about 4.5% of the total Indian population. It is the 26th most widely spoken language in the world by number of native speakers as of 2007.The Gujarati language is more than 700 years old and is spoken by more than 55 million people worldwide. Outside of Gujarat, Gujarati is spoken in many other parts of South Asia by Gujarati migrants, especially in Bombay and Pakistan (mainly in Karachi). Gujarati is also widely spoken in many countries outside South Asia by the Gujarati diaspora. In North America, Gujarati is one of the fastest growing and most widely spoken Indian languages in the United States and Canada. In Europe, Gujaratis form the second largest of the British South Asian speech communities, and Gujarati is the fourth most commonly spoken language in the U.K.'s capital London. Gujarati is also spoken in Southeast Africa, particularly in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, and South Africa. Elsewhere, Gujarati is spoken to a lesser extent in China (particularly Hong Kong), Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, and Middle Eastern countries such as Bahrain.", "Q28196": "World War Z is a 2013 American apocalyptic action horror film directed by Marc Forster, with a screenplay by Matthew Michael Carnahan, Drew Goddard, and Damon Lindelof, from a screen story by Carnahan and J. Michael Straczynski, based on the 2006 novel of the same name by Max Brooks. The film stars Brad Pitt as Gerry Lane, a former United Nations investigator who must travel the world to find a way to stop a zombie pandemic. The ensemble supporting cast includes Mireille Enos, Daniella Kertesz, James Badge Dale, Ludi Boeken, Fana Mokoena, David Morse, Peter Capaldi, Pierfrancesco Favino, Ruth Negga, and David Andrews.\nPitt's Plan B Entertainment secured the film rights in 2007, and Forster was approached to direct. In 2009, Carnahan was hired to rewrite the script. Filming began in July 2011 in Malta, on an estimated $125 million budget, before moving to Glasgow in August 2011 and Budapest in October 2011. Originally set for a December 2012 release, the production suffered some setbacks. In June 2012, the film's release date was pushed back, and the crew returned to Budapest for seven weeks of additional shooting. Damon Lindelof was hired to rewrite the third act, but did not have time to finish the script, and Drew Goddard was hired to rewrite it. The reshoots took place between September and October 2012.\nWorld War Z premiered in London on June 3, 2013, and was chosen to open the 35th Moscow International Film Festival. The film premiered in New York, and Los Angeles on June 14, 2013, and released everywhere on June 21, 2013, in the United States, in 2D and RealD 3D. The film received positive reviews for Brad Pitt's performance and as a realistic revival of the zombie genre, but received certain criticism for the anti-climax and outdated CGI. Regardless, the film was a commercial success, grossing over $540 million against a production budget of $190 million, becoming the highest-grossing zombie film of all time. A sequel was announced shortly after the film's release, but in February 2019 it was cancelled, reportedly, due to budget issues.", "Q269836": "Shinee ( SHY-nee; Korean: \uc0e4\uc774\ub2c8, romanized: Syaini; Japanese: \u30b7\u30e3\u30a4\u30cb\u30fc, romanized: Shain\u012b; stylized as SHINee) is a South Korean boy band formed by SM Entertainment in 2008. The group's musical impact in their native country has earned them numerous accolades and the title \"Princes of K-pop\". The group is composed of four members: Onew, Key, Minho, and Taemin. Originally a five-piece group, vocalist Jonghyun died in December 2017.Shinee was introduced as a contemporary R&B boy group by their company with the goal of being trendsetters in all areas of music, fashion, dance, etc. and debuted in May 2008 with their first EP, Replay, on SBS' Inkigayo with their single \"Replay\". The group gained attention for starting a fashion trend amongst students, which the media dubbed the \"Shinee Trend\". In August 2008, the group released their first Korean studio album, The Shinee World, which won the Newcomer Album of the Year at the 23rd Golden Disc Awards. Shinee further consolidated their popularity on the South Korean music scene with follow-up singles \"Ring Ding Dong\" and \"Lucifer\". \"Ring Ding Dong\" charted on top of several Korean music charts and gained popularity all over Asia. \"Lucifer\" was nominated for the Best Dance Performance Award at the Mnet Asian Music Awards in 2010 for its outstanding choreography. In 2012 the group released Sherlock, which became the fifth most sold album of the year with over 180,000 copies sold. The group has also been included in the Forbes list of Korea Power Celebrity multiple times, once in 2014 and again in 2016.\nIn mid-2011, Shinee signed with EMI Records Japan to venture into the Japanese music scene. Their Japanese version of their single \"Replay\" sold over 100,000 copies, the highest number of sales for a Japanese debut single recorded by Oricon for a South Korean group at the time. It was followed by their first Japanese studio album, The First, on December 7, 2011 \u2013 both were certified Gold by RIAJ for selling over 100,000 copies. In 2011, the group also held their Japan Debut Premium Reception at Abbey Road Studios in London, making them the first Asian artists to perform there. Two years later they released their second Japanese album Boys Meet U (2013), followed by I'm Your Boy (2014), D\u00d7D\u00d7D (2016), and Five (2017).\nShinee is considered to be one of the best live vocal groups in K-pop and is known for their highly synchronized and complex dance routines, having been awarded the Best Dance Performance Award at the Mnet Asian Music Awards three times in a row for their dance performances to \"Sherlock\", \"Dream Girl\" and \"View\". Shinee's signature musical style is contemporary R&B, but the group is known for their experimental sound, incorporating various genres including funk rock, hip hop, and EDM.", "Q1101089": "Clifton Lafayette Bruner (April 25, 1915 \u2013 August 25, 2000), known professionally as Cliff Bruner, was a fiddler and bandleader of the Western Swing era of the 1930s and 1940s. Bruner's music combined elements of traditional string band music, improvisation, blues, folk, and popular melodies of the times.", "Q717879": "John Thomas O'Neil (October 4, 1898 \u2013 March 25, 1950) was an American rugby union player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics and 1924 Summer Olympics.\nHe was a member of the American rugby union team, which won the gold medal at the both Olympics.\nHe attended Santa Clara University.", "Q1337597": "Gaston M\u00e9li\u00e8s (French: [melj\u025bs]; February 12, 1852 \u2013 April 9, 1915) was a French film director who worked primarily in the United States. He was the brother of the famous film director Georges M\u00e9li\u00e8s.", "Q93072": "Alain Colmerauer (24 January 1941 \u2013 12 May 2017) was a French computer scientist. He was a professor at Aix-Marseille University, and the creator of the logic programming language Prolog.\n\n", "Q124030": "Walter Kraemer (Kr\u00e4mer) (21 June 1892 \u2013 6 November 1941) was a German politician of the German Communist Party (KPD) and member of the resistance against Nazism. From 1932/33 he was a deputy of the Prussian Landtag, was arrested in 1933 and killed in 1941 in a sub-camp of the concentration camp Buchenwald in Goslar. He assisted prisoners with getting medical help, becoming known as the \"Doctor of Buchenwald\", for which he received from the State of Israel the posthumous title \"Righteous among the Nations\" in 2000.", "Q77486": "Hermann L\u00f6ns (29 August 1866 \u2013 26 September 1914) was a German journalist and writer. He is most famous as \"The Poet of the Heath\" for his novels and poems celebrating the people and landscape of the North German moors, particularly the L\u00fcneburg Heath in Lower Saxony. L\u00f6ns is well known in Germany for his famous folksongs. He was also a hunter, natural historian and conservationist. Despite being well over the normal recruitment age, L\u00f6ns enlisted and was killed in World War I and his purported remains were later used by the German government for celebratory purposes.", "Q2358400": "Legacy Recordings is an American record label that is a division of Sony Music. Formed in 1990 after Sony's acquisition of CBS Records, Legacy originally handled the archives of Sony Music-owned labels Columbia Records and Epic Records. In 2004, under the Sony BMG joint venture, the label began to manage the archives of RCA Records, J Records, Windham Hill Records, Arista, LaFace, Jive, and Buddah Records. Legacy Recordings now also handles Philadelphia International Records and the catalog of recordings produced by Phil Spector. It is not to be confused with the defunct British independent label Legacy Records.", "Q932986": "Marie-Jean-Lucien Lacaze (22 June 1860, Pierrefonds, Oise \u2013 23 March 1955, Paris) was a French admiral, minister of Marine, pr\u00e9fet maritime and acad\u00e9micien.", "Q4892655": "Joan Gili i Serra (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8a\u0272 \u02c8\u0292ili i \u02c8s\u025br\u0259]), also known as John Gili (1907 \u2013 6 May 1998), was a Catalan antiquarian book-seller, publisher and translator.Joan Gili was born in Barcelona in 1907. His father, Lluis Gili, ran a religious publishing house which also published a cookery book, Sabores, written by his mother, which became a bestseller. While working for his father's company, he developed an interest in English literature, which he wrote about in the Catalan newspaper La Publicitat.\nIn 1933, he was invited to visit England, and enjoyed the freedom he experienced there so much that he returned in 1934 to live. He opened the Dolphin Bookshop just off Charing Cross Road in London, specialising in Spanish and Latin American books and manuscripts. Some of the manuscripts on Spanish and Catalan history he collected are now in the Houghton Library at Harvard.\nHe began publishing books himself in 1938. These included textbooks and literary studies, and translations of Miguel de Unamuno, Luis Cernuda, Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez and Pablo Neruda. In 1939, he and Stephen Spender translated a selection of Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca\u2019s poems, one of the first books to introduce Lorca to an English-speaking audience. In the 1950s, Penguin Books asked him to make prose translations of Lorca\u2019s poems; this bilingual edition was a significant influence on several generations of poets and schoolchildren.\nA special interest of his was the Catalan language, which at this time was largely suppressed by the Spanish authorities. In 1943, he produced an Introductory Catalan Grammar which long remained in print. He also published translations, many done by himself, of Catalan poets. These included Carles Riba (Poems, 1964; Tankas of the Four Seasons, 1991; Savage Heart, 1993; Bierville Elegies, 1995), Salvador Espriu (Forms and Words, 1980) and Josep Carner (Poems, translated by Pearse Hutchinson, 1962; Nab\u00ed, 1996-8). He was a founding member and later president of the Anglo-Catalan Society.\nDuring the Second World War he moved the bookshop to Oxford, where it grew to two floors in a building that had once belonged to the painter Whistler. At first he lived in Park Town in North Oxford. From 1945\u201369, he lived at 14 Fyfield Road, also in North Oxford, with his family, then moving to Cumnor west of Oxford. In 1948, he became a naturalised British citizen, but although he officially changed his name to John Gili, his friends and family continued to call him Joan.\nHis role as \"unofficial consul of the Catalans in Britain\" lead eventually to honours, the Creu de Sant Jordi, from the Catalan government, and the Order of Isabella the Catholic from the Spanish government. However he was reported to be most satisfied by an honorary MA from Oxford University.\nHe worked until the very end of his life, into his nineties. He married Elizabeth McPherson in 1938. She later produced a translation of his mother's cookery book. They had three children: Jonathan Gili (a documentary film maker), Martin Gili (who carried on, and developed Dolphin books), and Katherine Gili (a sculptress).", "Q230943": "China Anne McClain (born August 25, 1998) is an American actress and singer. McClain's career began in 2005 when she was seven years old, acting in the film The Gospel (2005). She also played China James in Daddy's Little Girls (2007) along with Idris Elba and her two sisters. She became nationally known when she joined the cast of the series Tyler Perry's House of Payne (2007\u2013present) as Jazmine Payne. In 2010, she co-starred in Grown Ups. McClain became internationally known and is best known for starring as Chyna Parks in the Disney Channel original television series A.N.T. Farm (2011\u20132014), and for starring as Uma in Descendants 2 (2017) and Descendants 3 (2019). \nIn 2018, McClain began starring in The CW superhero series Black Lightning (2018\u2013present) as Jennifer Pierce. She also reprised her character Jazmine Payne on OWN's revival of Tyler Perry's The Paynes (2018) as a recurring cast member.", "Q57756": "Lianyungang (simplified Chinese: \u8fde\u4e91\u6e2f; traditional Chinese: \u9023\u96f2\u6e2f; pinyin: Li\u00e1ny\u00fang\u01ceng) is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Jiangsu province, China. It borders Yancheng to its southeast, Huai'an and Suqian to its south, Xuzhou to its southwest, and the province of Shandong to its north. Its name derives from Lian Island, the largest island in Jiangsu which lies off its coastline, and Yuntai Mountain, the highest peak in Jiangsu, a few miles from the town center, and the fact that it is a port. The name can be literally translated as the Port Connecting the Clouds.\nLianyungang was home to 4,393,914 inhabitants as of the 2010 census whom 1,050,523 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Haizhou and Lianyun counties. Lianyungang was known in the West as Haichow (Postal romanization), which means the City of Sea. Haichow was opened to foreign trade by the Qing imperial government in 1905.", "Q766058": "Jack Starr is a heavy metal and blues guitarist and songwriter born of a French mother and American father. He learned to play guitar by ear, copying the riffs of R&B records. His first semi-professional band was Les Variations in France with future members of Trust. In the U.S. Starr emerged on the rock and metal scene in 1981, forming, together with Joey Ayvazian, David DeFeis and Joe O\u2019Rielly, the first incarnation of the heavy metal band Virgin Steele. The new band was selected in 1982 by Mike Varney of Shrapnel Records to appear on the label's compilation album U.S. Metal Volume 2. The song Starr sent in for the compilation was \"Children of the Storm\". After only two albums, Virgin Steele of 1981 and Guardians of the Flame of 1982, Starr left Virgin Steele in 1983 because of musical differences with the band\u2019s front man and other main songwriter David DeFeis.In 1984, Starr started his solo recording career with the album Out of the Darkness, featuring former Riot vocalist Rhett Forrester, members of The Rods and former Rainbow drummer Gary Driscoll. It was released in Europe by Music for Nations and was picked as one of the best albums of the year by the music magazines Kerrang! and Metal Forces.Starr changed the name of his band to Jack Starr's Burning Starr and between 1984 and 1989 he produced albums, both solo and with the band. The music of those albums was classic American eighties heavy metal, a style between Poison and Metallica. In 1989 the band dissolved and Starr joined short-lived bands like Strider and Smoke Stack Lightning.After a break, in 2003, Starr founded a new band called Guardians of the Flame, which released only one album, Under a Savage Sky.In 2006, Starr founded the Jack Starr Blues BandIn the following years, Starr once again assembled a group of musicians for a new incarnation of Burning Starr, which performed at the Magic Circle Festival 2008 and released the album Defiance on the Manowar's label Magic Circle Music in 2009. In 2011 they released Land of the Dead with Limb Music. The albums includes ex-Manowar guest musicians Ross the Boss and David Shankle. The band played at the 2013 Keep It True festival and recorded a DVD.", "Q123987": "Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan, KBE, KCSS (Arabic: \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u063a\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u200e, \u1e62adr ad-D\u012bn \u0100gh\u0101 Kh\u0101n, 17 January 1933 \u2013 12 May 2003) served as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1966 to 1977, during which he reoriented the agency's focus beyond Europe and prepared it for an explosion of complex refugee issues. He was also a proponent of greater collaboration between non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and UN agencies. The Prince's interest in ecological issues led him to establish the Bellerive Foundation in the late 1970s, and he was a knowledgeable and respected collector of Islamic art.\nBorn in Paris, France, he was the son of Sir Sultan Mahomed Shah Aga Khan and Princess Andr\u00e9e Aga Khan. He married twice, but had no children of his own. Prince Sadruddin died of cancer at the age of 70, and was buried in Switzerland.", "Q653949": "Ari Trausti Gu\u00f0mundsson (born 3 December 1948) is an Icelandic geologist, author, documentarian, broadcaster, journalist, lecturer, mountaineer and explorer. He worked as teacher, consultant and lecturer on: earth science, environmental and tourism issues. He served as a mountain guide, TV- weather reporter, media presenter and producer and has planned nature and science exhibitions in Iceland, Paris and London and authored non-fiction books, fiction and poetry. He was a presidential candidate in 2012 and presently he is a member of Icelandic Parliament.\n\n", "Q464191": "Mari Boine, previously known as Mari Boine Persen, (born 8 November 1956) is a Norwegian Sami musician known for having added jazz and rock to the yoiks of her native people. Gula Gula (first released by I\u0111ut, 1989, later re-released by Real World) was her breakthrough release, and she continued to record popular albums throughout the 1990s. In 2008, she was appointed Professor of musicology at Nesna University College.", "Q85610": "Max Sch\u00f6nherr (23 November 1903 \u2013 13 December 1984) was an Austrian composer, arranger and conductor.", "Q208204": "Finding Neverland is a 2004 historical fantasy drama film directed by Marc Forster and written by David Magee, based on the play The Man Who Was Peter Pan by Allan Knee. The film is about playwright J. M. Barrie and his relationship with a family who inspired him to create Peter Pan. The film earned seven nominations at the 77th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Actor for Johnny Depp, and won for Best Original Score. The film was the inspiration for the stage musical of the same name in 2012.", "Q1478971": "The L\u00fcneburg Regional Association (German: L\u00fcneburgische Landschaftsverband) is a registered association in the German state of Lower Saxony and is one of a number of regional associations in the state.", "Q1345": "Philadelphia, known colloquially as Philly, is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city with a 2019 estimated population of 1,584,064. Since 1854, the city has had the same geographic boundaries as Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area, with over 6 million residents as of 2017. Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley, located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, within the Northeast megalopolis. The Delaware Valley's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.Philadelphia is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States. William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress, and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787. Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress, the preservation of the Liberty Bell, the Battle of Germantown, and the Siege of Fort Mifflin. Philadelphia remained the nation's largest city until being overtaken by New York City in 1790; the city was also one of the nation's capitals during the revolution, serving as temporary U.S. capital while Washington, D.C. was under construction. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub. The city grew from an influx of European immigrants, most of whom came from Ireland, Italy and Germany\u2014the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015. In the early 20th century, Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War, as well as Puerto Ricans. The city's population doubled from one million to two million people between 1890 and 1950.\nThe Philadelphia area's many universities and colleges make it a top study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub. As of 2019, the Philadelphia metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of $490 billion. Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to five Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is expanding, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016, including several nationally prominent skyscrapers. Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The city is known for its arts, culture, cuisine, and colonial history, attracting 42 million domestic tourists in 2016 who spent $6.8 billion, generating an estimated $11 billion in total economic impact in the city and surrounding four counties of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia has also emerged as a biotechnology hub.Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps, and is also the home of many U.S. firsts, including the first library (1731), hospital (1751), medical school (1765), national capital (1774), stock exchange (1790), zoo (1874), and business school (1881). Philadelphia contains 67 National Historic Landmarks and the World Heritage Site of Independence Hall. The city became a member of the Organization of World Heritage Cities in 2015, as the first World Heritage City in the United States. Although Philadelphia is rapidly undergoing gentrification, the city actively maintains strategies to minimize displacement of homeowners in gentrifying neighborhoods.\n\n", "Q86319": "Fred Louis Lerch (1902\u20131985) was an Austrian actor who was a star of German films. From 1951 till 1961 he worked again for German cinema as a production manager.", "Q852900": "Candlelight Records is a British record label based in England and founded by former Extreme Noise Terror bassist Lee Barrett, though it has had a division in the United States since January 2001. Candlelight Records specialises in black metal, and later on melodic death metal and death metal, having bands such as Emperor, Obituary, 1349, Theatre of Tragedy, Xerath, Dismember, Keep of Kalessin, TheLord, Nachtmystium, KKDT42 and Zyklon on its roster. The label is notable for putting out early releases from influential bands such as TheLord, Opeth and Emperor. Candlelight Records is in co-operation with Appease Me Records and AFM Records. In January 19, 2016, Candlelight was acquired by Spinefarm Records.", "Q936538": "Alim Hamza oglu Qasimov (Azerbaijani: Alim H\u0259mz\u0259 o\u011flu Qas\u0131mov; born August 14, 1957) is an Azerbaijani musician and one of the foremost mugham singers in Azerbaijan. He was awarded the International Music Council-UNESCO Music Prize in 1999, one of the highest international accolades for music. His music is characterized by his vocal improvisation and represents a move away from the traditional style of mugham. Qasimov has recorded nine albums, three of which are mugham albums with his daughter, Farghana Qasimova.\nAccording to The New York Times, \"Alim Qasimov is simply one of the greatest singers alive, with a searing spontaneity that conjures passion and devotion, contemplation and incantation.\"He joined fellow Azerbaijani Sabina Babayeva on stage at the Grand Finale of the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku to sing back vocals for her entry, \"When the Music Dies.\" Additionally, Qasimov was featured as part of the opening act of the Grand Final.", "Q291633": "Anita Thallaug (born 14 February 1938 in B\u00e6rum) is a Norwegian actress and singer.", "Q253566": "Against All Odds is a 1984 American romantic neo-noir thriller film directed by Taylor Hackford and starring Rachel Ward, Jeff Bridges and James Woods alongside Jane Greer, Alex Karras, Richard Widmark and Dorian Harewood. A remake of Out of the Past (1947), the film's plot is about an aging American football star who is hired by a mobster to find his girlfriend.\nThe film's soundtrack, nominated for a Grammy Award, featured songs from Big Country, Kid Creole & the Coconuts, Stevie Nicks and Genesis breakout stars Mike Rutherford, Peter Gabriel and Phil Collins; the latter performed the title song, which was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Original Song and for a Golden Globe Award as Best Original Song, being one of the top-selling singles of 1984.", "Q833332": "Max\u00efmo Park are an English alternative rock band, formed in 2000 in Newcastle upon Tyne. The band consists of Paul Smith (vocals), Duncan Lloyd (guitar), and Tom English (drums). The band have released six studio albums: A Certain Trigger (2005), Our Earthly Pleasures (2007), Quicken The Heart (2009), The National Health (2012), Too Much Information (2014) and Risk to Exist (2017). The first two albums went gold in the UK and their debut was nominated for the Mercury Prize.", "Q43723": "Benjamin Netanyahu (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05b4\u05bc\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05df \u05e0\u05b0\u05ea\u05b7\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc ; born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician who has been Prime Minister of Israel since 2009, having previously held the position from 1996 to 1999. Netanyahu is also the Chairman of the Likud \u2013 National Liberal Movement. He is the longest-serving Prime Minister in Israeli history and the first to be born in Israel after the establishment of the state.\nBorn in Tel Aviv to secular Jewish parents, Netanyahu was raised in both Jerusalem and the Philadelphia area of the United States. He returned to Israel immediately upon graduating high school in 1967 to join the Israel Defense Forces shortly after the Six-Day War. Netanyahu became a team leader in the Sayeret Matkal special forces unit and took part in many missions, including Operation Inferno (1968), Operation Gift (1968) and Operation Isotope (1972), during which he was shot in the shoulder. Netanyahu fought on the front lines in the War of Attrition and the Yom Kippur War in 1973, taking part in special forces raids along the Suez Canal and then leading a commando assault deep into Syrian territory. Netanyahu achieved the rank of captain before being discharged. After graduating from MIT with a Bachelor of Science (SB) and a Master of Science (SM), Netanyahu became an economic consultant for the Boston Consulting Group. He moved back to Israel in 1978 to found the Yonatan Netanyahu Anti-Terror Institute, named after his brother Yonatan Netanyahu, who died leading Operation Entebbe.\nIn 1984, Netanyahu was appointed the Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations by Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, a role he held until 1988. He was subsequently elected to the Knesset before becoming the leader of Likud in 1993; he then led the party to victory at the 1996 election, becoming Israel's youngest-ever prime minister. After being defeated in the 1999 election, Netanyahu left politics, returning to the private sector. He later served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Finance in the government of Ariel Sharon, but eventually resigned over disagreements regarding the Gaza disengagement plan. As Finance Minister, Netanyahu initiated major reforms of the Israeli economy that were credited by commentators as having significantly improved Israel's subsequent economic performance.Netanyahu returned to the leadership of Likud in December 2005 after Sharon stepped down to form a new party, Kadima. Although Likud finished second in the 2009 election to Kadima, Netanyahu was able to form a coalition government with other right-wing parties and was sworn in as Prime Minister for a second time. He went on to lead Likud to victory in the 2013 and 2015 elections. After the April 2019 election resulted in no party being able to form a government, a second election took place in September 2019; in that election, the centrist Blue and White party emerged slightly ahead of Netanyahu's Likud. However, neither Netanyahu nor Benny Gantz of the Blue and White Party was able to form a government, and Gantz returned the mandate to the president.Since December 2016, Netanyahu has been under investigation for corruption by Israeli police and prosecutors. On 21 November 2019, he was indicted on charges of breach of trust, bribery and fraud. Due to the indictment, Netanyahu is legally required to relinquish all of his ministry posts other than the prime minister position.", "Q127539": "Ren\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois Nicolas Marie Bazin (26 December 1853 \u2013 20 July 1932) was a French novelist.", "Q466786": "Newark Liberty International Airport (IATA: EWR, ICAO: KEWR, FAA LID: EWR), originally Newark Metropolitan Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an international airport straddling the boundary between the cities of Newark and Elizabeth in Essex County and Union County, New Jersey. It is one of the major airports of the New York metropolitan area. The airport is currently owned jointly by the cities of Elizabeth and Newark and leased to and operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.Newark Airport is located 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Downtown Newark, and 9 miles (14 km) west-southwest of the borough of Manhattan. It is one of three major airports serving the New York metropolitan area; the others are John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport, which are also operated by the Port Authority.\nSandwiched between Interstate 95 and Interstate 78 (both components of the New Jersey Turnpike), as well as U.S. Routes 1 and 9, the airport handles more flights (though not as many passengers) than John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), despite being 40 percent of JFK's land size. The City of Newark built the airport on 68 acres (28 ha) of marshland in 1928 and the Army Air Corps operated the facility during World War II. After the Port Authority took it over in 1948, an instrument runway, a terminal building, a control tower and an air cargo center were added. The airport's original 1935 central terminal building is a National Historic Landmark. EWR employs more than 24,000 people.In 2017, EWR was the sixth busiest airport in the United States by international passenger traffic and fifteenth busiest airport in the country. It served 43,393,499 passengers in 2017, which made EWR the forty-third busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic. In 2019, the airport saw 46,336,452 passengers, the most in its history.\nNewark serves 50 carriers and is the third-largest hub for both United Airlines, the airport's largest tenant (operating in all three of Newark's terminals), and FedEx Express, its second-largest tenant (operating in three buildings on two million square feet of airport property). During the 12-month period ending in July 2014, over 68% of all passengers at the airport were carried by United Airlines.", "Q8361": "Baroque music (UK: or US: ) is a period or style of Western art music composed from approximately 1600 to 1750. This era followed the Renaissance music era, and was followed in turn by the Classical era, with the galant style marking the transition between Baroque and Classical eras. The Baroque period is divided into three major phases: early, middle, and late. Overlapping in time, they are conventionally dated from 1580 to 1650, from 1630 to 1700, and from 1680 to 1750. Baroque music forms a major portion of the \"classical music\" canon, and is now widely studied, performed, and listened to. The term \"baroque\" comes from the Portuguese word barroco, meaning \"misshapen pearl\". Key composers of the Baroque era include Johann Sebastian Bach, Antonio Vivaldi, George Frideric Handel, Claudio Monteverdi, Domenico Scarlatti, Alessandro Scarlatti, Henry Purcell, Georg Philipp Telemann, Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Arcangelo Corelli, Fran\u00e7ois Couperin, Giuseppe Tartini, Heinrich Sch\u00fctz, Dieterich Buxtehude, and others. \nThe Baroque period saw the creation of common-practice tonality, an approach to writing music in which a song or piece is written in a particular key; this kind of arrangement has continued to be used in almost all Western popular music. During the Baroque era, professional musicians were expected to be accomplished improvisers of both solo melodic lines and accompaniment parts. Baroque concerts were typically accompanied by a basso continuo group (comprising chord-playing instrumentalists such as harpsichordists and lute players improvising chords from a figured bass part) while a group of bass instruments\u2014viol, cello, double bass\u2014played the bassline. A characteristic Baroque form was the dance suite. While the pieces in a dance suite were inspired by actual dance music, dance suites were designed purely for listening, not for accompanying dancers.\nDuring the period, composers experimented with finding a fuller sound for each instrumental part (thus creating the orchestra). made changes in musical notation (the development of figured bass as a quick way to notate the chord progression of a song or piece), and developed new instrumental playing techniques. Baroque music expanded the size, range, and complexity of instrumental performance, and also established the mixed vocal/instrumental forms of opera, cantata and oratorio and the instrumental forms of the solo concerto and sonata as musical genres. Many musical terms and concepts from this era, such as toccata, fugue and concerto grosso are still in use in the 2010s. Dense, complex polyphonic music, in which multiple independent melody lines were performed simultaneously (a popular example of this is the fugue), was an important part of many Baroque choral and instrumental works. Overall, Baroque music was a tool for expression and communication.", "Q456123": "Alfred Reingoldovich Kokh (Koch) (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0420\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0445, German: Alfred Reingoldowitsch Koch, born 28 February 1961) is a Russian writer, mathematician-economist and businessman of German origin.", "Q358427": "Peter Davison (born Peter Malcolm Gordon Moffett; 13 April 1951) is an English actor with many credits in television dramas and sitcoms. He became famous as Tristan Farnon in the BBC's television adaptation of James Herriot's All Creatures Great and Small stories. His subsequent starring roles included the sitcoms Holding the Fort and Sink or Swim, the fifth incarnation of the Doctor in Doctor Who, Dr. Stephen Daker in A Very Peculiar Practice and Albert Campion in Campion. He also played David Braithwaite in At Home with the Braithwaites, \"Dangerous\" Davies in The Last Detective and Henry Sharpe in Law & Order: UK.", "Q1892935": "Marcel Azzola (10 July 1927 \u2013 21 January 2019) was a French accordionist.\nHe performed with Stan Getz and Jacques Brel, among others. The famous line \"Chauffe, Marcel!\" (\"Heat up, Marcel\") in Brel's song \"V\u00e9soul\" refers to Azzola, who played the accordion during the recording.", "Q7052": "Landau, or Landau in der Pfalz, is an autonomous (kreisfrei) town surrounded by the S\u00fcdliche Weinstra\u00dfe (\"Southern Wine Route\") district of southern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a university town (since 1990), a long-standing cultural centre, and a market and shopping town, surrounded by vineyards and wine-growing villages of the Palatinate wine region. Landau lies east of the Palatinate forest, Europe's largest contiguous forest, on the German Wine Route.\nIt contains the districts (Ortsteile) of Arzheim, Dammheim, Godramstein, M\u00f6rlheim, M\u00f6rzheim, Nussdorf, Queichheim, and Wollmesheim.\n\n", "Q202729": "Jerry Lee Lewis (born September 29, 1935) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and pianist, often known by his nickname, The Killer. He has been described as \"rock & roll's first great wild man and one of the most influential pianists of the twentieth century.\"A pioneer of rock and roll and rockabilly music, Lewis made his first recordings in 1956 at Sun Records in Memphis. \"Crazy Arms\" sold 300,000 copies in the South, but it was his 1957 hit \"Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On\" that shot Lewis to fame worldwide. He followed this with \"Great Balls of Fire\", \"Breathless\" and \"High School Confidential\". However, Lewis's rock and roll career faltered in the wake of his marriage to Myra Gale Brown, his 13-year-old cousin.\nHe had minimal success in the charts following the scandal, and his popularity quickly eroded. In the early 1960s, he did not have much chart success, with few exceptions, such as a cover of Ray Charles's \"What'd I Say\". His live performances at this time were increasingly wild and energetic. His 1964 live album Live at the Star Club, Hamburg is regarded by music journalists and fans as one of the wildest and greatest live rock albums ever. In 1968, Lewis made a transition into country music and had hits with songs such as \"Another Place, Another Time\". This reignited his career, and throughout the late 1960s and 1970s he regularly topped the country-western charts; throughout his seven-decade career, Lewis has had 30 songs reach the top 10 on the \"Billboard Country and Western Chart\". His No. 1 country hits included \"To Make Love Sweeter for You\", \"There Must Be More to Love Than This\", \"Would You Take Another Chance on Me\", and \"Me and Bobby McGee\".\nLewis's successes continued throughout the decade and he embraced his rock and roll past with songs such as a cover of the Big Bopper's \"Chantilly Lace\" and Mack Vickery's \"Rockin' My Life Away\". In the 21st century, Lewis continues to tour around the world and still releases new albums. His 2006 album Last Man Standing is his best selling to date, with over a million copies sold worldwide. This was followed by Mean Old Man in 2010, which has received some of the best sales of Lewis's career.\nLewis has a dozen gold records in both rock and country. He received four Grammy awards, including a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and two Grammy Hall of Fame Awards. Lewis was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986, and his pioneering contribution to the genre has been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. He was also a member of the inaugural class inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame. In 1989, his life was chronicled in the movie Great Balls of Fire, starring Dennis Quaid. In 2003, Rolling Stone listed his box set All Killer, No Filler: The Anthology number 242 on their list of \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\". In 2004, they ranked him number 24 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Lewis is the last surviving member of Sun Records' Million Dollar Quartet and the Class of '55 album, which also included Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Roy Orbison and Elvis Presley.\nMusic critic Robert Christgau has said of Lewis: \"His drive, his timing, his offhand vocal power, his unmistakable boogie-plus piano, and his absolute confidence in the face of the void make Jerry Lee the quintessential rock and roller.\"", "Q921722": "Giulietto Chiesa (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292u\u02c8ljetto \u02c8kj\u025b\u02d0za]; born September 1940) is an Italian journalist, author, lecturer and politician.He was Vice-President of the European Parliament's Committee on International Trade and member of two Extraordinary Committees inside the European Parliament: the Extraordinary Renditions Committee and the Climate Change Committee. He was the founder of the cultural association Megachip. Democracy in Communications. He is the Chief Editor of the web TV Pandora TV.", "Q1507169": "George Alexander Coulouris (1 October 1903 \u2013 25 April 1989) was an English film and stage actor.", "Q311999": "Ferruccio Lamborghini (Italian pronunciation: [fer\u02c8rutt\u0283o lambor\u02c8gi\u02d0ni]; 28 April 1916 \u2013 20 February 1993) was an Italian industrialist. In 1963, he created Automobili Lamborghini, a maker of high-end sports cars in Sant'Agata Bolognese.\nBorn to grape farmers in Renazzo, from the comune of Cento in the Emilia-Romagna region, his mechanical know-how led him to enter the business of tractor manufacturing in 1948, when he founded Lamborghini Trattori, which quickly became an important manufacturer of agricultural equipment in the midst of Italy's post-WWII economic boom. In 1959, he opened an oil burner factory, Lamborghini Bruciatori, which later entered the business of producing air conditioning equipment.\nLamborghini founded a fourth company, Lamborghini Oleodinamica in 1969 after creating Automobili Lamborghini in 1963. Lamborghini sold off many of his interests by the late 1970s and retired to an estate in Umbria, where he pursued winemaking.", "Q45434": "Gregor Maria Franz Hanke (born 2 July 1954 in Elbersroth) is a German Roman catholic bishop of Eichst\u00e4tt.", "Q1423": "Domitian (; Latin: Titus Flavius Caesar Domitianus Augustus; 24 October 51 \u2013 18 September 96 AD) was Roman emperor from 81 to 96. He was the younger brother of Titus and the son of Vespasian, his two predecessors on the throne, and the last member of the Flavian dynasty. During his reign, the authoritarian nature of his rule put him at sharp odds with the Senate, whose powers he drastically curtailed. \nDomitian had a minor and largely ceremonial role during the reigns of his father and brother. After the death of his brother, Domitian was declared emperor by the Praetorian Guard. His 15-year reign was the longest since that of Tiberius. As emperor, Domitian strengthened the economy by revaluing the Roman coinage, expanded the border defenses of the empire, and initiated a massive building program to restore the damaged city of Rome. Significant wars were fought in Britain, where his general Agricola attempted to conquer Caledonia (Scotland), and in Dacia, where Domitian was unable to procure a decisive victory against king Decebalus. Domitian's government exhibited strong authoritarian characteristics. Religious, military, and cultural propaganda fostered a cult of personality, and by nominating himself perpetual censor, he sought to control public and private morals. As a consequence, Domitian was popular with the people and army, but considered a tyrant by members of the Roman Senate.\nDomitian's reign came to an end in 96 when he was assassinated by court officials. He was succeeded the same day by his advisor Nerva. After his death, Domitian's memory was condemned to oblivion by the Roman Senate, while senatorial authors such as Tacitus, Pliny the Younger, and Suetonius propagated the view of Domitian as a cruel and paranoid tyrant. Modern revisionists instead have characterized Domitian as a ruthless but efficient autocrat whose cultural, economic, and political programs provided the foundation of the peaceful second century.", "Q7702333": "Teresa Christoforovna Margulova (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430) (1912\u20131994) was a Doctor of Science, Professor - Founder and Head of The Department of Nuclear Power Stations of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute.\nTeresa Christoforovna Margulova was born on August 14, 1912 and grew up in Baku. After graduating from The Azerbaijan Industrial Institute and working as an engineer in commissioning and planning organizations of Baku, Leningrad and Moscow, she continued her education in PhD program of The Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MPEI - in Russian: \u041c\u042d\u0418).\nThe whole further future of T.C. Margulova was associated with MPEI. She lectured until 1956 at The Department of Boilers, raising from an Assistant Lecturer to a Full Professor, while working on her Doctoral Dissertation and finally earning her Doctoral Degree. Her research has been associated with the development of one of the key implementation issues of Ultra High Heat Engineering: creation of a reliable and efficient Chemical Water Treatment of Heat Transfer Circuits of Boilers.\nHer research results were widely used in practice in Nuclear Power Stations (Leningrad and Chernobyl), naval vessel's nuclear power plants, including Nuclear Icebreaker \"Lenin\", Thermal Power Stations (Kostroma GRES). Teresa Christoforovna was directly involved in the implementation of the latest technology in Power Engineering.\nSince 1956, The T.C. Margulova began to actively deal with retraining of specialists and improvement of technological processes for The Nuclear Power Industry.\nAt the initiative of T.C. Margulova in 1956 the world's first college and university Department of Nuclear Power Plants, the head of which she has been for many years, and in her last years worked at as a professor. In 1956, five students from The fifth year of Heat Power Department (TEF) were recruited to specialize in \"Nuclear Power Plants\" (NPP - in Russian: \u0410\u042d\u0421), and next year, in 1957 was the first graduation. All methods developed in the NPP of MPEI have led to creation of similar departments and disciplines in higher education of Soviet Bloc Countries, she was personally instrumental an involved with. For The textbook \"Nuclear Power Plants\" in 1971 Margulova T.C. was awarded The State Prize. All generations of The Atomic Eastern Bloc Nuclear Engineers grew up with this book.\nAt NPP T.C. Margulova also led international courses for retraining engineering graduates to work in The nuclear power industry in Russia, other republics of The USSR, and many foreign countries.\nTeresa Christoforovna have been a leader in the development of scientific methods and their practical implementation in many areas of Thermal Plant Heat Exchange Systems, Water Chemistry and Technology of Materials One of these technologies was awarded The State Prize in 1978.\nFor several years Teresa Christoforovna served as the Dean of the Chair of Thermal Power Plants and later as a Deputy Director of MPEI, she was a member of The Scientific and Technical Councils of several Government Departments, agencies, editorial boards, including a deputy chief editor of the \"Power Plant Engineering\" magazine.\nTeresa Christoforovna's work was rewarded by many government awards - among others by \"The Order of Lenin\" and \" The Order of Honor\", and twice she was awarded the State Prize. In 1981 Margulova was awarded the title \"Honored Scientist of The Russian Federation.\" In 1993, among the first, she was elected an honorary member of The International Academy of Engineering. Margulova T.C. - was also awarded Honorary Doctorates of foreign universities: Budapest University of Technology and The Graduate School of Engineering in Zittau (Germany)\nUnder the direction of T.C. Margulova more than 70 Ph. D. Dissertations and 6 Doctoral Dissertations were earned. Many teachers and scientists of Russia and other countries consider themselves to be her students and followers.\nMargulova T.C. has published about 300 scientific papers, and around two dozen books.", "Q241604": "Elva Hsiao (traditional Chinese: \u856d\u4e9e\u8ed2; simplified Chinese: \u8427\u4e9a\u8f69; pinyin: Xi\u0101o Y\u01cexu\u0101n, born 24 August 1979) is a Taiwanese singer, songwriter, dancer, actress and businesswoman. Since being signed to a record deal in 1998 after competing in a singing competition, Hsiao has gone on to release fourteen studio albums and has achieved great commercial success within the Chinese pop music industry. Known for her R&B influenced ballads, the artist's first album, Elva Hsiao (1999), was considered one of the first to incorporate R&B in the Chinese market. Her most recent album Shut Up and Kiss Me was released in 2014.\nHsiao was recognized as one of four of the most popular female singers in the Chinese music scene among her contemporaries. As a result, she has also been brand ambassadors to various brand names such as, Motorola, Sprite, De Beers, Avon, Pantene and Ford. Hsiao was named one of Taiwan's top earning singers in 2014, with more than US$18 million earned.", "Q164372": "Mark Allen Shepherd (born January 7, 1961) is an actor, best known for his role as Morn on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. He also appeared as Morn (uncredited) in one episode each of Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek: Voyager.", "Q132134": "Goal III: Taking on the World (also known as Goal III) is a 2009 sports drama film, the third part of the Goal! film trilogy. It was directed by Andrew Morahan, and written and produced by Mike Jefferies, who returned from the first two Goal! films. Unlike its two predecessors, this film did not have a theatrical release and was instead released straight to DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on 15 June 2009.\nMany of the key filmmakers who made the first two films did not participate, including the original screenwriters and most central cast members. Kuno Becker, who played protagonist Santiago Mu\u00f1ez in the first two films, appears only briefly at the start. The film instead focuses on two fictional England players at the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, Charlie Braithwaite (Leo Gregory) and Liam Adams (JJ Feild).", "Q181498": "Moses ibn Tibbon (born in Marseille; flourished between 1240 and 1283) was a Jewish physician, author and translator in Provence. The number of works written by Moses ibn Tibbon suggest that he reached a great age.\nHe was the son of Samuel ibn Tibbon, a Jewish scholar and doctor who translated Maimonides into Hebrew.\nMoses married and was the father of Judah ibn Tibbon, who was prominent in the Maimonidean controversy which took place at Montpellier, southern France. With other Jewish physicians of Provence, Moses was restricted by the order of the Council of B\u00e9ziers (May 1246), which prohibited Jewish physicians from treating Gentiles.", "Q71949": "Fritz Hellwig (3 August 1912 \u2013 22 July 2017) was a German CDU politician and European Commissioner. He was born in Saarbr\u00fccken and turned 100 in August 2012. and died on 22 July 2017 at the age of 104. He died 12 days before his 105th birthday.", "Q828712": "Hermosa Beach is a beachfront city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Its population was 19,506 at the 2010 U.S. Census. The city is located in the South Bay region of the Greater Los Angeles area; it is one of the three Beach Cities. Hermosa Beach is bordered by the other two, Manhattan Beach to the north and Redondo Beach to the south and east.\nHermosa is a Spanish word meaning \"beautiful\".The city's beach is popular for sunbathing, beach volleyball, surfing, paddleboarding, bars, cycling and running. The city itself extends only about 15 blocks from east to west and 40 blocks from north to south, with Pacific Coast Highway running down the middle. Situated on the Pacific Ocean, Hermosa's average temperature is 70 \u00b0F (22 \u00b0C) in the summer and 55 \u00b0F (13 \u00b0C) in the winter. Westerly sea breezes lessen what can be high summertime temperatures in Los Angeles and elsewhere in the county and help keep the smog away 360 days of the year.\nA paved path, called The Strand, runs along Hermosa's beach from Torrance Beach in the south approximately twenty miles north to Santa Monica. The Hermosa Beach Pier is at the end of Pier Avenue, which is one of the beach community's main shopping, eating and partying areas.", "Q93714": "Cecil B\u00f8dker (born 27 March 1927) is a Danish writer and poet, most known for young adult fiction books about the character \"Silas\". For her \"lasting contribution to children's literature\" she received the international Hans Christian Andersen Medal for Writing in 1976.", "Q105940": "Giwi Margwelaschwili (Georgian: \u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 Givi Margvelashvili; 14 December 1927 \u2013 13 March 2020) was a German-Georgian writer and philosopher. Born in Berlin to Georgian parents, he was raised as a German. After World War II, his father and he were abducted by the Soviet secret police. His father was executed and he was interned in the former Sachsenhausen concentration camp for 18 months and then, speaking neither Russian nor Georgian, he was released to Tbilisi, Georgia, where he had relatives. He learned both languages and studied English, working as a language teacher. He wrote novels and philosophy books in German. He returned to Germany and became a German citizen in 1994. In 2011, he moved to Tbilisi again.", "Q1978446": "Philip Rosedale (born September 29, 1968) is an American entrepreneur who founded Linden Lab, which develops and hosts the virtual world Second Life.", "Q581647": "Arlesheim is a town and a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland. Its cathedral chapter seat, bishop's residence and cathedral (1681 / 1761) are listed as a heritage site of national significance.The official language of Arlesheim is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, while the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.\nThe cathedral has a Baroque organ built by the German builder Johann Andreas Silbermann, based in Alsace, in 1761. The instrument was restored by Metzler in 1959\u20131962, and is an example of the fusion of French and German organ building styles. It has been used in several recordings, including Lionel Rogg's recording of the complete organ works of J. S. Bach, for Harmonia Mundi France in 1970.", "Q212512": "Hariprasad Chaurasia (born 1 July 1938) is an Indian music director and classical flautist, who plays the bansuri, an Indian bamboo flute, in the Hindustani classical tradition.", "Q967987": "L\u00e9on Philippe Teisserenc de Bort (5 November 1855 in Paris, France \u2013 2 January 1913 in Cannes, France) was a French meteorologist and a pioneer in the field of aerology. Together with Richard Assmann (1845-1918), he is credited as co-discoverer of the stratosphere, as both men announced their discovery during the same time period in 1902. \nTeisserenc de Bort pioneered the use of unmanned instrumented balloons and was the first to identify the region in the atmosphere around 8-17 kilometers of height where the lapse rate reaches zero, known today as the tropopause.\n\n", "Q626440": "Arashi (\u5d50, lit. Storm) is a Japanese boy band consisting of five members formed under the Johnny & Associates talent agency. The members are Ohno Satoshi, Sakurai Sho, Aiba Masaki, Ninomiya Kazunari, and Matsumoto Jun. Arashi officially formed on September 15, 1999, in Honolulu, Hawaii, and made their debut CD on November 3, 1999. The group was initially signed to Pony Canyon and released one studio album and six singles\u2014beginning with their 1999 eponymous debut single before moving to the Johnny's subsidiary label J Storm in 2001, which was initially set up for their succeeding releases. While their debut single sold close to a million copies, the group took a mixture of pop and alternate/contemporary approach to its music which attracted core followers, but subsequently faced commercially slow sales.\nWith the release of their eighteenth single \"Love So Sweet\", Arashi began to gain commercial success as it was used as the opening theme song for the high-rating drama Hana Yori Dango 2 whose protagonist is played by Matsumoto Jun, making it one of the top five best-selling singles of 2007 in Japan and the group's first single to exceed 400,000 copies sold overall in nearly seven years. For the next two years, Arashi gained a number of achievements and records as they became the first artist to place the top two rankings on the Oricon singles yearly chart for two consecutive years with their singles \"Truth / Kaze no Muk\u014d e\" and \"One Love\" in 2008 and \"Believe / Kumorinochi, Kaisei\" and \"Ashita no Kioku / Crazy Moon (Kimi wa Muteki)\" in 2009, simultaneously topped the 2009 Oricon singles, album and music DVD yearly charts, and became the third artist in Oricon history to monopolize the top three best-selling singles of the year. In 2010, all six of Arashi's singles ranked within the top ten of the Oricon singles yearly chart, and their million-selling studio album Boku no Miteiru F\u016bkei was named the best-selling album of the year in Japan. As of September 2019, the group had sold over 54 million copies of albums, singles and videos and became the best selling boy band in Asia. Since then, Arashi has continued to release chart-topping singles and albums, perform in sold-out concert tours, host a number of variety shows, and remain an influential figure in Japanese media.\nOn January 27, 2019, Arashi announced that group activities would pause from December 31, 2020.", "Q12544": "The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern Istanbul, formerly Byzantium). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. \"Byzantine Empire\" is a term created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire simply as the Roman Empire (Greek: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u1fec\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, tr. Basileia Rh\u014dmai\u014dn; Latin: Imperium Romanum), or Romania (Greek: \u1fec\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, tr. Rh\u014dmania), and to themselves as Romans.\nSeveral signal events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the period of transition during which the Roman Empire's Greek East and Latin West diverged. Constantine I (r. 324\u2013337) reorganised the empire, made Constantinople the new capital and legalised Christianity. Under Theodosius I (r. 379\u2013395), Christianity became the state religion and other religious practices were proscribed. In the reign of Heraclius (r. 610\u2013641), the Empire's military and administration were restructured and adopted Greek for official use in place of Latin.Although the Roman state continued and its traditions were maintained, modern historians distinguish Byzantium from ancient Rome insofar as it was centred on Constantinople, oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture and characterised by Eastern Orthodox Christianity.The borders of the empire fluctuated through cycles of decline and recovery. During the reign of Justinian I (r. 527\u2013565), the empire reached its greatest extent, after reconquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterranean coast, including North Africa, Italy and Rome, which it held for two more centuries. The Byzantine\u2013Sasanian War of 602\u2013628 exhausted the empire's resources and during the Early Muslim conquests of the 7th century, lost its richest provinces, Egypt and Syria, to the Arab caliphate. During the Macedonian dynasty (10th\u201311th centuries), the empire expanded again and experienced the two-century long Macedonian Renaissance, which came to an end with the loss of much of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. This battle opened the way for the Turks to settle in Anatolia.\nThe empire recovered during the Komnenian restoration and by the 12th century Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest European city. The Byzantine Empire was delivered a mortal blow during the Fourth Crusade, when Constantinople was sacked in 1204 and the territories that the empire formerly governed were divided into competing Byzantine Greek and Latin realms. Despite the eventual recovery of Constantinople in 1261, the Byzantine Empire remained only one of several small rival states in the area for the final two centuries of its existence. Its remaining territories were progressively annexed by the Ottomans in the Byzantine\u2013Ottoman wars over the 14th and 15th centuries. The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 ended the Byzantine Empire. The last of the imperial Byzantine successor states, the Empire of Trebizond, would be conquered by the Ottomans eight years later in the 1461 Siege of Trebizond.", "Q8349": "Alfred Matthew \"Weird Al\" Yankovic ( YANG-k\u0259-vik; born October 23, 1959) is an American musical comedian known for his humorous songs that make light of popular culture and often parody specific songs by contemporary musical acts; original songs that are style pastiches of the work of other acts; and polka medleys of several popular songs, featuring his favored instrument, the accordion.\nSince his first-aired comedy song in 1976, he has sold more than 12 million albums (as of 2007), recorded more than 150 parody and original songs, and performed more than 1,000 live shows. His works have earned him five Grammy Awards and a further eleven nominations, four gold records, and six platinum records in the United States. Yankovic's first top ten Billboard album (Straight Outta Lynwood) and single (\"White & Nerdy\") were both released in 2006, nearly three decades into his career. His latest album, Mandatory Fun (2014), became his first number-one album during its debut week.\nYankovic's success comes in part from his effective use of music video to further parody popular culture, the song's original artist, and the original music videos themselves, scene-for-scene in some cases. He directed later videos himself and went on to direct for other artists, including Ben Folds, Hanson, The Black Crowes, and The Presidents of the United States of America. With the decline of music television and the onset of social media, Yankovic used YouTube and other video sites to publish his videos; this strategy proved integral, helping to boost sales of his later albums, including Mandatory Fun. Yankovic has stated that he may forgo traditional albums in favor of timely releases of singles and EPs following on this success.\nIn addition to recording his albums, Yankovic wrote and starred in the film UHF (1989) and the television series The Weird Al Show (1997). He has also made guest appearances and performed voice acting roles on many television shows and video web content, in addition to starring in Al TV specials on MTV. He has also written two children's books, When I Grow Up and My New Teacher and Me!", "Q311769": "Jason Bradford Priestley (born August 28, 1969) is a Canadian-American actor and director. He is best known as the virtuous Brandon Walsh on the television series Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990\u20132000), also his role starring as Richard \"Fitz\" Fitzpatrick in the show Call Me Fitz (2010\u20132013) and for his role starring as Matt Shade in the Canadian series Private Eyes (2016\u2013present).", "Q96644": "Heinrich Wilhelm Martin von Go\u00dfler (29 September 1841, in Wei\u00dfenfels, Province of Saxony \u2013 10 January 1927, in Berlin-Wilmersdorf) was a Prussian General of the Infantry and Minister of War. He was a Knight of Justice (Rechtsritter) of the Order of Saint John.", "Q87991": "Christine Busta (23 April 1915 in Vienna, Austria \u2013 3 December 1987 in Vienna) was an Austrian poet.\nIn her work she stood for an undogmatic Catholicism.", "Q289732": "\u00c9tienne Hirsch (20 January 1901 \u2013 17 May 1994) was a French civil engineer and a member of the French Resistance during World War II. He served as President of the Commission of the European Atomic Energy Community between 1959\u20131962 (see Hirsch Commission).", "Q3709961": "Robert Simpson Woodward (July 21, 1849 \u2013 June 29, 1924) was an American civil engineer, physicist and mathematician.", "Q321872": "John Jacob \"Jay\" Berwanger (March 19, 1914 \u2013 June 26, 2002) was an American college football player and referee. He was the first winner of the Downtown Athletic Club Trophy in 1935 (the following year the award was renamed the Heisman Trophy); the trophy is awarded annually to the nation's most outstanding college football player. Berwanger was a star halfback for the Chicago Maroons football team of the University of Chicago, where he was known as the \"one man football team\". In 1936, Berwanger became the first player drafted into the National Football League (NFL) in its inaugural 1936 NFL Draft, although he did not play professionally.", "Q99577": "Ernst Dernburg (1887\u20131969) was a German stage and film actor.", "Q970223": "George Dewey Hay (November 9, 1895 \u2013 May 8, 1968) was an American radio personality, announcer and newspaper reporter. He was the founder of the original Grand Ole Opry radio program on WSM-AM in Nashville, Tennessee, from which the country music stage show of the same name evolved.\n\n", "Q349502": "John Thomas Spike (born November 8, 1951 in New York City) is an American art historian, curator, and author, specializing in the Italian Renaissance and Baroque periods. He is also a contemporary art critic and past director of the Florence Biennale. \nSpike earned his B.A. at Wesleyan University in Connecticut and his M.A. and Ph.D. from Harvard. His doctoral dissertation was a study of Mattia Preti, an important painter of the Caravaggio school whom Spike is a leading authority on. In 1999, he was awarded honorary citizenship of Taverna, Italy, Preti's birthplace. In recognition of his studies of two Knights of St. John, Mattia Preti and Caravaggio, in 2013 HM Queen Elizabeth II appointed Spike to the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem.", "Q89764": "Thomas Fritsch (born 16 January 1944 in Dresden, Germany) is a German television and dubbing actor.\nFritsch is the son of actor Willy Fritsch. Director and actor Gustaf Gr\u00fcndgens advised the 16-year-old Thomas to enter the profession of actor.\nHe starred voicing Scar in the German dub of The Lion King, and has voiced many other animated lions as well. He also replaced the late Joachim Kemmer as Lumiere for the \"Human Again\" DVD feature of Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\n\n", "Q864524": "Lydia Mendoza (May 31, 1916 \u2013 December 20, 2007) was an American guitarist and singer of Tejano, conjunto, and traditional Mexican-American music. She is known as \"La Alondra de la Frontera\" (or \"The Lark of the Border\" in English).\n\n", "Q92422": "Theodor Lerner (10 April 1866 \u2013 12 May 1931) was a German journalist and polar explorer who conducted several expeditions to Svalbard. In 1897 he witnessed the start of S. A. Andr\u00e9e's Arctic balloon expedition of 1897 and took part in the search for Andr\u00e9e in 1898 during a journey with Friedrich R\u00f6mer and Fritz Schaudinn. He visited Bj\u00f8rn\u00f8ya in 1898 and 1899, exploring the viability of coal mining and eventually claiming ownership of the island as a territory of the German Empire. This enterprise proved unsuccessful but raised some publicity, earning him the nickname \"Nebelf\u00fcrst\" (\"prince of the mists\"). In 1908 after overwintering the polar night with Hjalmar Johansen in a cabin at Cape Boheman on Spitsbergen, he and Johansen travelled over the inland ice to Spitsbergen's northwest coast.", "Q335807": "Ronald Franklin Asheton (July 17, 1948 \u2013 c. January 6, 2009) was an American guitarist, bassist and co-songwriter with Iggy Pop for the rock band the Stooges. He formed the Stooges along with Pop and his brother, drummer Scott Asheton, and bassist Dave Alexander. Asheton, once ranked as number 29 on Rolling Stone's list of 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time is currently (as of December 2015) ranked at number 60.", "Q285108": "Suicide was an American musical duo intermittently active between 1970 and 2016, composed of vocalist Alan Vega and instrumentalist Martin Rev. The group's pioneering music utilized minimalist electronic instrumentation, including synthesizers and primitive drum machines, and their early performances were confrontational and often ended in violence. They were among the first acts to use the phrase \"punk music\" in an advertisement for a concert in 1970.Though never widely popular among the general public, Suicide have been recognized as among the most influential acts of their era. Their debut album Suicide (1977) was described by Entertainment Weekly as \"a landmark of electronic music,\" while AllMusic stated that it \"provided the blueprints for post-punk, synth pop, and industrial rock.\" Rolling Stone called them \"an unmeasurable influence on the industrial dance, noise, techno, ambient, and electronic scenes of the 1980s and 1990s.\"", "Q82631": "Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (19 February 1594 \u2013 6 November 1612) was the eldest son of James VI and I, King of England and Scotland, and his wife Anne of Denmark. His name derives from his grandfathers: Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, and Frederick II of Denmark. Prince Henry was widely seen as a bright and promising heir to his father's thrones. However, at the age of 18, he predeceased his father when he died of typhoid fever. His younger brother Charles succeeded him as heir apparent to the English, Irish and Scottish thrones.", "Q517143": "Roberto Firpo (May 10, 1884 \u2013 June 14, 1969) was an Argentine tango pianist, composer, and leader. Firpo was among the first innovators of the classic tango music genre. He was the creator of the standard tango sextet (Orquesta t\u00edpica), and the establisher of the piano in the tango orchestra.\nFirpo was born in the Flores district of Buenos Aires, where his father owned a grocery store. Firpo left school at 15 to work with his father and then several other companies, he eventually saved 200 Pesos (around US$100, at the time) to buy his first piano.\nAround 1903 he began to have lessons with one of the greats of the period, Alfredo Bevilacqua. In 1907 he began composing and performing.\nIn 1913, at the age of 29, he formed his first orchestra that played the hits \"Arga\u00f1araz\", \"Sentimiento criollo\", \"De pura cepa\", and \"Marejada\" that year. In 1914 classic tango \"Alma de bohemio\" materialized and presented; one of his most admired work until today.\nDuring his career Firpo played in most of the famous Buenos Aires tango venues such as the Armenonville, El tambito, Palais de Glace, Bar Iglesias, L\u2019Abbaye, Teatro Buenos Aires, Teatro Nacional, Sal\u00f3n San Mart\u00edn and Colonia Italiana. Many famous musicians passed through his various orchestras including the bandoneonist Pedro Maffia, the violinist Elvino Vardaro, Cayetano Puglisi, Juan Guido, Luis Cosenza and Carlos Garcia. His quartet was one of his most famous ensembles and he wrote many tangos.\nHe was one of the few tangueros to play in a cafe in Avenida de Mayo in Buenos Aires and he was the first person to play the tango La Cumparsita in the cafe La Giralda in Montevideo, Uruguay.\nFirpo in 1930 gave up his tango career for a short while, to try his hand at cattle ranching, but he was forced to return to tango when the Paran\u00e1 river's floods destroyed his livestock, and after that (trying to recover from the losses and trying his luck) he lost the rest of his fortune on the stock market.\nFirpo retired in 1959 and died on June 14, 1969.", "Q8036312": "World Tour of Scotland is a six-part television series \u2014 the first of Billy Connolly's \"world tours\" \u2014 originally broadcast by the BBC in July and August 1994. It involves his touring around his homeland for 54 nights during early 1994, beginning in Greenock and visiting cities and towns and performing live on stage to audiences. However, this, like all his other tours, involves more than just shows: he visits numerous places of historic and scenic value, as well as some places that resonate with his own upbringing.\nThe series is dedicated \"with much love and thanks to the people of Scotland\". It has since been released on VHS and DVD. On the latter format, the six episodes are split across two discs.\nThe series is often repeated on the UKTV channels Dave and Blighty.", "Q4573": "Sir Thomas Sean Connery CBE (born 25 August 1930) is a Scottish retired actor and producer, who has won an Academy Award, two BAFTA Awards (one being a BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award), and three Golden Globes, including the Cecil B. DeMille Award and a Henrietta Award.\nConnery was the first actor to portray the character James Bond in film, starring in seven Bond films (every film from Dr. No to You Only Live Twice, plus Diamonds Are Forever and Never Say Never Again), between 1962 and 1983. In 1988, Connery won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in The Untouchables. His films also include Marnie (1964), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), The Man Who Would Be King (1975), The Name of the Rose (1986), Highlander (1986), Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989), The Hunt for Red October (1990), Dragonheart (1996), The Rock (1996), and Finding Forrester (2000).\nConnery has been polled in The Sunday Herald as \"The Greatest Living Scot\" and in a EuroMillions survey as \"Scotland's Greatest Living National Treasure\". He was voted by People magazine as both the \u201cSexiest Man Alive\u201d in 1989 and the \u201cSexiest Man of the Century\u201d in 1999. He received a lifetime achievement award in the US with a Kennedy Center Honor in 1999. Connery was knighted in the 2000 New Year Honours for services to film drama.\n\n", "Q827409": "Bert Lown (born Albert Charles Lown; 6 June 1903 \u2013 20 November 1962) was a violinist, orchestra leader, and songwriter.", "Q229584": "Melina Eleni Kanakaredes Constantinides (Greek: \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u0395\u03bb\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b7; born April 23, 1967) is an American actress. She is widely known for her roles in U.S. primetime television dramas as Dr. Sydney Hansen in Providence (1999\u20132002) and as Detective Stella Bonasera in CSI: NY (2004\u20132010), and on the American daytime television drama series Guiding Light as Eleni Andros Cooper (1991\u20131995).", "Q664673": "Lauren Beukes (born 5 June 1976) is a South African novelist, short story writer, journalist and television scriptwriter.\n\n", "Q1377825": "Jovan Campbell (born November 13, 1990), better known by his stage name Jibbs, is an American rapper. He had one top ten single on the Billboard Hot 100, which was his debut single \"Chain Hang Low\". Jibbs' only other song that charted on the Billboard Hot 100 is \"King Kong\" (featuring Chamillionaire).", "Q172538": "Charles Pozzi (27 August 1909 \u2013 28 February 2001) was a French racing driver who participated in one World Championship Formula One race in 1950, the year of its inception.", "Q1666513": "The Mattstock (also known as Mattstogg) (1,936 m) is a mountain of the Appenzell Alps, overlooking the Walensee in the canton of St. Gallen. It lies south of the Speer, on the range between the Toggenburg and the Linth valley.", "Q1401524": "The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, The Catholic University of the Philippines, or simply the University of Santo Tomas (UST), is a private, Roman Catholic research university in Manila, Philippines. Founded on April 28, 1611 by Miguel de Benavides, Archbishop of Manila, it has the oldest extant university charter in the Philippines and in Asia, and is one of the world's largest Catholic universities in terms of enrollment found on one campus. The university is run by the Order of Preachers. UST is the only university to have been visited by three popes four times: once by Pope Paul VI on November 28, 1970, twice by Pope John Paul II on February 18, 1981 and January 13, 1995, and once by Pope Francis on January 18, 2015. The patron of the university is St. Thomas Aquinas, while St. Catherine of Alexandria is the patroness.The university is composed of several autonomous faculties, colleges, schools and institutes, each conferring undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate degrees, and the basic education units. Several degree programs have been accredited by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) as Centers of Excellence and Centers of Development. Moreover, it was awarded with an Institutional Accreditation by the CHED through the Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines. In December 2013, the university was recognized to have the highest number of accredited programs in the country by the Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities' Commission on Accreditation (PACUCOA).Prominent Thomasians include saints, Filipino presidents, heroes, artists, scientists, professionals, and religious figures, who have figured prominently in the history of the Philippines. The varsity athletic teams of the University are called the Growling Tigers, and compete in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines, the premier sports varsity league in the Philippines. UST is the winningest school of the UAAP Overall Championship. The university campus is listed as one of the most viable sites in the Philippines to be included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, while the Archives of the University of Santo Tomas is listed as one of the most viable documentary heritage to be included in the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme.", "Q84526": "Maria Berger (born 19 August 1956 in Perg, Upper Austria) is an Austrian politician and currently Judge at the European Court of Justice. She previously served as a Member of the European Parliament and Austria's Minister of Justice.", "Q2461780": "Constantine I (Georgian: \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 I, Konstantine I; died 1327), from the House of Bagrationi, was king of the western Georgian kingdom of Imereti from 1293 to 1327.", "Q998953": "Marko M. Feingold (28 May 1913 \u2013 19 September 2019) was an Austrian Holocaust survivor and centenarian, who served as the president of the Jewish community in Salzburg, and was in charge of Salzburg's synagogue.", "Q3309228": "Ryan M. North (born October 20, 1980) is a Canadian writer and computer programmer who is the creator and author of Dinosaur Comics, and co-creator of Whispered Apologies and Happy Dog the Happy Dog. He has been the writer of The Unbeatable Squirrel Girl for Marvel Comics since the series debuted in January 2015.", "Q8038459": "The Writers Guild of America West (WGAW) is a labor union representing film, television, radio, and new media writers. It was formed in 1954 from five organizations representing writers, including the Screen Writers Guild. It has around 20,000 members.\n\n", "Q434956": "John Ruskin (born July 5, 1968), better known as Nardwuar the Human Serviette, or simply Nardwuar, is a Canadian interviewer and musician from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He is the lead singer and keyboardist for The Evaporators.Nardwuar got his start in media at the University of British Columbia radio station CITR 101.9 FM in Vancouver. His show has been running every Friday afternoon since October 1987. The program features a mix of eclectic music, along with interviews and commentary. Nardwuar's interviews are frequently shown on MuchMusic's Going Coastal, or printed in Chart. Although Nardwuar's favourite targets are music artists, he has stated that he will interview any celebrity. He also sometimes appears as a guest host and interviewer on CBC Radio 3 and started his own weekly program on freeform radio station WFMU which ran from 2009 to 2013.A typical interview will begin with \"Who are you?\", followed by \"From?\" if the subject doesn't volunteer their affiliations. Each interview ends with \"Keep on rockin' in the free world\", and the \"doot doola doot doo...\" of \"Shave and a Haircut\", to which the interviewee is expected to reply with the final \"doot doo!\" before Nardwuar freezes with a wide smile until the camera cuts off. When asked to explain his name, Nardwuar has said it is \"a dumb, stupid name like Sting or Sinbad;\" and that \"Human\" came from the song \"Human Fly\" by The Cramps; and \"Serviette\" came from the fact that \"in the U.S.A. they don't have serviettes, they have napkins\".\n\n", "Q737559": "Konstantinos Maleas (\u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2) (Constantinople, 1879 - Athens, 1928) was one of the most important Post-impressionist Greek painters of the 20th century. Along with Konstantinos Parthenis, he is sometimes considered Greece's most important modern artist.\n\n", "Q1545414": "Gregory Sporleder (born April 24, 1964) is an American actor and filmmaker, notable for playing military men in films such as The Rock, Black Hawk Down and Renaissance Man, as well as Calvin Norris in the HBO series True Blood.", "Q69690": "Ittigen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nThe municipality was formed in 1983 when it and Ostermundigen were separated from territory once part of Bolligen.", "Q488111": "A pornographic film actor or actress, adult entertainer, or porn star is a person who performs sex acts in video that is usually characterized as a pornographic movie. Such videos tend to be made in a number of distinct pornographic subgenres and attempt to present a sexual fantasy and the actors selected for a particular role are primarily selected on their ability to create or fit that fantasy. Pornographic videos are characterized as either \"softcore\", which does not contain depictions of sexual penetration or \"extreme fetishism\" and \"hardcore\", which can contain depictions of penetration or extreme fetishism, or both. The genres and sexual intensity of videos is mainly determined by demand. Depending on the genre of the film, the on-screen appearance, age, and physical features of the main actors and their ability to create the sexual mood of the video is of critical importance. Most actors specialize in certain genres, such as gay sex, lesbian sex, bondage, strap-on sex, anal sex, double penetration, semen swallowing, teenage women, interracial or MILFs.\nThe pornography industry in the United States was the first to develop its own movie star system, primarily for commercial reasons. In other countries, the \"star\" system is not common, with most actors being amateurs. Most performers use a pseudonym and strive to maintain off-screen anonymity. A number of pornographic actors and actresses have written autobiographies. It is very rare for pornographic actors and actresses to successfully cross over to the mainstream film industry.\nThe number of pornographic film actors who have worked in the United States can be indicated by number of actors tested by Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation (AIM). When in 2011 its patient database was leaked it contained details of over 12,000 pornographic actors that it had tested since 1998. As of 2011, it was reported that roughly 1,200\u20131,500 performers were working in California's \"Porn Valley\".", "Q78945": "Josef Bucher (born 19 August 1965 in Friesach) is an Austrian politician and former leader of the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZ\u00d6) as well as former Member of Parliament for the party. Divorced with two children, Bucher is a hotel owner.After the death of BZ\u00d6 chairman J\u00f6rg Haider, Bucher was elected Klubobmann, chairman of the party's parliamentary grouping on 22 October 2008. \nInitially, Stefan Petzner, Haider's designated successor as party chairman, was expected to be elected to that post as well. Petzner had to pass the leadership over to former vice-chairman Herbert Scheiber. His replacement as party leader was widely interpreted as the result of the rising criticism of Petzner's former media appearances.Both Petzner and Scheibner were elected two of five vice chairmen of the party (the other 3 being Stadler the European Parliament future leading candidate of the party, Haider's sister Haubner and former party leader of the BZ\u00d6 Westenthaler).On 26 April 2009 at the party congress in Linz, Bucher was elected as the new leader of the party.On 30 January 2010 after the secession of the party officials and members from the Carinthian party, Bucher was elected Chairman of the newly formed Carinthian BZ\u00d6.In a reaction about the issue that 10 per cent of Austrians own nearly 60 per cent of the country\u2019s private assets, Bucher criticised in an interview 2011 that further lack of reforms by the Austrian Federal Government would create new poverty in the middle class.On 18 April 2012 Josef Bucher stated in further cases of market manipulation and reckless car petrol price increasements by businesspeople in the energy sector prison terms were needed as a stricter penalty against the leading entrepreneurs.\nIn October 2012 Josef Bucher demanded in parliament for a flat tax with 39% as an income tax quota for all income-earners over \u20ac14.793,09 per annum and 10% for all between Geringf\u00fcgigkeitsgrenze(marginal employment border) and the \u20ac14.993,09 threshold per annum)\nJosef Bucher stepped down as BZ\u00d6 party leader after BZ\u00d6 lost all seats in parliament in the 2013 legislative election.", "Q634722": "Marian D\u0105browski (September 27, 1878 in Mielec \u2013 September 27, 1958 in Miami) was a Polish journalist, entrepreneur and publisher, the biggest and the most influential press magnate of the Second Polish Republic. \nBetween 1903 and 1907 he studied Polish philology at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. Then took up the job of a teacher, but quit and began working as a secretary of the Ilustracja Polska magazine. In 1908 he became a journalist in the Glos Narodu magazine, two years later he founded his own newspaper, Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny (Illustrated Daily Courier). First issu of the IKC was printed on December 18, 1910, after a few years its circulation grew to 180 000. \nIn 1918, after World War I, Dabrowski started creating his own press empire, opening offices in several locations of the interbellum Poland. In 1927 he purchased the Nowa Reforma magazine and moved his business to a lavish building called Palac Prasy (Palace of the Press), located at 1 Wielopole Street in Krakow. In 1932 his company was worth some $1.5 mln, he employed around 1400 people and published 5 titles, including the flagship, Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny. \nBetween 1921 and 1935 Dabrowski was member of the Polish Parliament, as a member of the Polish People's Party \"Piast\" (PSL Piast) and later, the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (BBWR). Since 1926 he supported the Sanacja, also was alderman of the city of Krakow. Dabrowski often helped those in need, he funded prizes for young painters, also financially supported construction of a new building of the National Museum of Poland. He came up with the idea of opening the Bagatela Theatre, also sponsored field works around the Krakus Mound.\nFor many years, Dabrowski was a member of Krakow's Association of Friends of Fine Arts, between 1935 and 1939 he was director of this organization. He supported development of sports, organizing various competitions. Also, he popularized the Tatra Mountains, for which he was named honorary citizen of Zakopane.\nJust before World War II, Dabrowski left Poland for France. The war turned out a catastrophe for his business. His savings quickly dried out, and he moved to Florida, where lived in poverty, forgotten and destitute. He died on the day of his 80th birthday, after several years urn with his ashes was brought to Krakow and buried at the Rakowicki Cemetery.", "Q168206": "Zbigniew \u0106wi\u0105kalski (IPA: [\u02c8zbi\u0261\u0272\u025bf t\u0255fj\u0254\u014b\u02c8kalsk\u02b2i] (listen); born March 9, 1950 in \u0141a\u0144cut) is a Polish politician, former Minister of Justice and Public Prosecutor General of Poland. He is a qualified lawyer, adwokat, and associate professor of law at the Jagiellonian University (Chair of Penal Law, Faculty of Law and Administration).\nFrom 1972 to 1981 he was a member of the Polish United Workers' Party at Jagiellonian University. In 1981 he joined the Polish opposition (the Solidarity trade union).\nIn 1985 he was accused of being a secret collaborator of communist S\u0142u\u017cba Bezpiecze\u0144stwa, but there was no evidence of this.\nFrom 2007 to 2009 he was the Minister of Justice in the government of Donald Tusk.", "Q262793": "Tarzan the Ape Man is a 1932 pre-Code American action adventure film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer featuring Edgar Rice Burroughs' famous jungle hero Tarzan and starring Johnny Weissmuller, Neil Hamilton, C. Aubrey Smith and Maureen O'Sullivan. It was Weissmuller's first of 12 Tarzan films. O'Sullivan played Jane in six features between 1932 and 1942. The film is loosely based on Burroughs' novel Tarzan of the Apes from approximately two decades earlier, with the dialogue written by Ivor Novello. The film was directed by W. S. Van Dyke. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released two remakes of Tarzan, the Ape Man in 1959 and in 1981, but each was a different adaptation of Rice Burroughs' novel.", "Q121160": "Guy Parmelin (born 9 November 1959) is a Swiss politician serving as Vice President of Switzerland since 2020. A member of the Swiss People's Party, he has been a Member of the Federal Council since 2016. Parmelin has served as head of the Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research since 2019, previously heading the Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports.", "Q89002": "Helmut Zenker (January 11, 1949 - January 7, 2003) was an Austrian writer, songwriter and screenwriter.", "Q309898": "Jean-Louis Barrault (French: [ba\u0281o]; 8 September 1910 \u2013 22 January 1994) was a French actor, director and mime artist, training that served him well when he portrayed the 19th-century mime Jean-Gaspard Deburau (Baptiste Debureau) in Marcel Carn\u00e9's film Les Enfants du Paradis (Children of Paradise, 1945) and part of an international cast in The Longest Day (1962).\nJean-Louis Barrault studied with Charles Dullin in whose troupe he acted from 1933 to 1935. At 25 years of age, he met and studied with the mime \u00c9tienne Decroux (who played Baptiste's father in the Carn\u00e9 film). From 1940 to 1946 Barrault was a member of the Com\u00e9die-Fran\u00e7aise, where he directed productions of Paul Claudel's Le Soulier de satin and Jean Racine's Ph\u00e8dre, two plays that made his reputation.\nOver his career, he acted in nearly 50 movies including Les beaux jours, Jenny, L'Or dans la Montagne and Under Western Eyes.In 1940, he married the actress Madeleine Renaud. They founded a number of theatres together and toured extensively, including in South America.\nHe was the uncle of actress Marie-Christine Barrault and sometime sponsor of Peter Brook. He died from a heart attack in Paris at the age of 83. Jean-Louis Barrault is buried with his wife Madeleine Renaud in the Passy Cemetery in Paris.\nJean-Louis Barrault, Reflections on the Theatre:\n\n\"In fact it is the simplest things that are the most tricky to do well. To read, for example. To be able to read exactly what is written without omitting anything that is written and at the same time without adding anything of one's own. To be able to capture the exact context of the words one is reading. To be able to read!\"Barrault from Melinda Camber Porter's Through Parisian Eyes: Reflections on Contemporary French Arts and Culture: \"When I wake up in the morning I want to feel hungry for life. Desire is what drives me. When I go to sleep, I feel I have experienced a small death, so that I can wake up in the morning renewed and reborn.\"", "Q3040690": "Michael Szwarc (9 June 1909, B\u0119dzin, Poland \u2013 4 August 2000, United States) was a British and American polymer chemist who discovered and studied ionic living polymerization.", "Q1507627": "Samfundet De Nio (The Nine Society) is a Swedish literary society founded on 14 February 1913 in Stockholm by a testamentary donation from writer Lotten von Kraemer. The society has nine members who are elected for life. Its purpose is to promote Swedish literature, peace and women's issues. It mainly presents a number of literary awards. It was started as an alternative to the Swedish Academy and is often compared to its more noted cousin.", "Q978119": "", "Q242443": "Amanda Lepore (born November 21, 1967) is an American model, celebutante, singer, and performance artist. A former Club Kid, she has appeared in advertising for numerous companies. Lepore is also noted as a regular subject in photographer David LaChapelle's work, serving as his muse, as well as many other photographers, such as Terry Richardson and Ruben van Schalm. She participated in LaChapelle's Artists and Prostitutes 1985\u20132005 exhibit in New York City, where she \"lived\" in a voyeuristic life-sized set.Lepore has also released several singles, many written by and/or recorded with Cazwell. In 2011, she released her debut studio album, I...Amanda Lepore, on Peace Bisquit.", "Q466976": "T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c (Hanoi: [t\u0268\u02e7\u02e8 \u0257\u0268k\u031a\u02e7\u02e6], H\u00e1n t\u1ef1: \u55e3\u5fb7, lit. \"inheritance of virtues\", 22 September 1829 \u2013 17 July 1883) (personal name: Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac H\u1ed3ng Nh\u1eadm , also Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Th\u00ec) was the fourth emperor of the Nguy\u1ec5n dynasty of Vietnam; he ruled from 1847 to 1883.", "Q1716786": "The Warsaw Jewish Cemetery is one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Europe and in the world. Located on Warsaw's Okopowa Street and abutting the Christian Pow\u0105zki Cemetery, the Jewish necropolis was established in 1806 and occupies 33 hectares (83 acres) of land. The cemetery contains over 250,000 marked graves, as well as mass graves of victims of the Warsaw Ghetto. Although the cemetery was closed down during World War II, after the war it was reopened and a small portion of it remains active, serving Warsaw's existing Jewish population.\nAs the necropolis was established to replace many smaller cemeteries closer to the city centre, it was designed to serve all Jewish communities of Warsaw, regardless of their affiliation. Hence, it is subdivided into several districts dubbed quarters (kwatery), historically reserved for various groups. Among them are three Orthodox (for men, women and one for holy scriptures), Reform Judaism, children, military and Warsaw Ghetto Uprising victims.\nThe cemetery, which has become a dense forest in the post-war period, is filled with monuments dedicated to notable personas such as politicians, spiritual leaders, inventors, economists and others. Many of the markers are simple, others are elaborately carved and richly decorated. Large mausoleums appear in styles ranging from Egyptian revival to Art Deco.", "Q1397709": "Ram\u00f3n Orlando Valoy is a merengue musician and son of Cuco Valoy.\nRam\u00f3n Orlando Valoy was born on July 29, 1960 in Manoguayabo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.In the 1970s, after his father Cuco Valoy left the guitar duet Los Ahijados, he formed his first group, Los Virtuosos, with Cuco as the lead singer. Cuco kept the group together renamed as Cuco Valoy y Orquesta (Cuco Valoy and his Orchestra) in which he hired singers Peter Cruz and Henry Garc\u00eda. Ram\u00f3n Orlando went on to form another group during that time. Years later, the Cuco Valoy group broke up and Ram\u00f3n moved to Colombia to physically separate himself from the Dominican Republic due to his political differences with the Dominican president Joaqu\u00edn Balaguer. Ram\u00f3n Orlando then undertook a more ambitious musical project. He and then-famous merengue singers Peter Cruz and Henry Garcia formed La Orquesta Internacional (The International Orchestra), in which Ram\u00f3n Orlando intended to be the composer and musical director, while Cruz and Garcia were intended to be the vocalists. However, of the first ten \"single\" songs to be recorded (and released individually), Ram\u00f3n chose to sing four of them himself, which caused a split in the group. Peter Cruz and Henry Garcia then each formed a short-lived group. Upon the two vocalists' departure, Ram\u00f3n Orlando quickly hired some vocalists with voices sounding similar to those of Cruz and Garcia in order to perform songs already gaining airplay.Ram\u00f3n Orlando is also the composer of the theme El venao, which found a large audience in several Latin American countries including Colombia, Venezuela and Puerto Rico.\nRam\u00f3n Orlando shares with Juan Luis Guerra the greatest Soberano Award in 1992. He was a nominee in the Latin Grammy Awards of 2005 for the Best Merengue Album (Generaciones) in the tropical category.Ram\u00f3n Orlando serves as a pastor in a Protestant church.", "Q3132212": "Oliver Mansour Jackson-Cohen (born 24 October 1986) is an English actor and model. He is best known for his role as Adrian Griffin in the 2020 remake of The Invisible Man and for his role in the Netflix series The Haunting of Hill House and its follow up season The Haunting of Bly Manor.", "Q289054": "Catherine Breillat (French: [b\u0281\u025bja]; born 13 July 1948) is a French filmmaker, novelist and professor of auteur cinema at the European Graduate School. In the film business for over 40 years, Catherine Breillat chooses to normalize previously taboo subjects in cinema. Taking advantage of the medium of cinema, Breillat juxtaposes different perspectives to highlight irony found in society. Through film, she attempts to redefine the female narrative in cinema by showing female characters who undergo similar experiences as their male counterparts. Many of Breillat's films explore the transition between girlhood and adulthood. The females of her films attempt to escape their adolescence by seeking individuality. There is an unsaid silence in society for girls to hide their sexuality and desires unless directly confronted about them. Breillat offers a platform to discuss female pleasure and sexual responsibility by exposing social and sexual conflicts in her films' themes.\n\n", "Q55169": "Krzysztof Zanussi (born 17 June 1939) is a Polish film and theatre director, producer and screenwriter. He is a professor of European film at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland where he conducts a summer workshop. He is also a professor at the Krzysztof Kie\u015blowski Film School of the University of Silesia in Katowice.", "Q24790": "Letitia Tyler (n\u00e9e Christian; November 12, 1790 \u2013 September 10, 1842), first wife of John Tyler, was the First Lady of the United States from 1841 until her death in 1842.", "Q73810": "Stefan Uro\u0161 I (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d \u0423\u0440\u043e\u0448 I; c. 1223 \u2013 May 1, 1277), known as Uro\u0161 the Great (\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0448 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438) was the King of Serbia from 1243 to 1276, succeeding his brother Stefan Vladislav. He was one of the most important rulers in Serbian history.", "Q1720234": "Luke McDaniel (February 3, 1927 \u2013 June 27, 1992), who also recorded under the stage name Jeff Daniels, was an American country and rockabilly music singer and songwriter. He was the grandfather of Mississippi state senator Chris McDaniel.", "Q309640": "Lloyd Vernet \"Beau\" Bridges III (born December 9, 1941) is an American actor and director. He is a three-time Emmy, two-time Golden Globe and one-time Grammy Award winner, as well as a two-time Screen Actors Guild Award nominee. Bridges was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on April 7, 2003, at 7065 Hollywood Boulevard for his contributions to the television industry. He is the son of actor Lloyd Bridges and elder brother of fellow actor Jeff Bridges.", "Q212274": "Nogent-sur-Marne (French pronunciation: \u200b[n\u0254\u0292\u0251\u0303 sy\u0281 ma\u0281n]) is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 10.6 km (6.6 mi) from the centre of Paris. Nogent-sur-Marne is a sous-pr\u00e9fecture of the Val-de-Marne d\u00e9partement, being the seat of the Arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Marne.", "Q636135": "Earth Crisis is an American hardcore punk band from Syracuse, New York, active from 1989 until 2001, reuniting in 2007. Since 1993 the band's longest serving members are vocalist Karl Buechner, guitarist Scott Crouse, bassist Ian Edwards and drummer Dennis Merrick. Their third guitarist Erick Edwards joined the band in 1998.\nThe band has released eight studio albums, three compilations, two live albums and six music videos. The band is known for supporting animal rights, promoting a straight edge and vegan lifestyle, and addressing further social and political issues. Earth Crisis is considered a crucial developer and influence for both the metalcore genre and vegan straight edge movement.\n\n", "Q2557554": "Herbert Seymour Saffir (29 March 1917 \u2013 21 November 2007) ( (listen)) was an American civil engineer who co-developed (with meteorologist Robert Simpson) the Saffir\u2013Simpson Hurricane Scale for measuring the intensity of hurricanes. As recently as 2005 Saffir was the principal of Saffir Engineering in Coral Gables, Florida. He also published articles on designing buildings for high wind resistance.", "Q338489": "The Accademia della Crusca (pronounced [akka\u02c8d\u025b\u02d0mja della \u02c8kruska]; \"Academy of the Bran\"), generally abbreviated as La Crusca, is a Florence-based society of scholars of Italian linguistics and philology. It is the most important research institution of the Italian language, as well as the oldest linguistic academy in the world.The Accademia was founded in Florence in 1583, and has since been characterized by its efforts to maintain the purity of the Italian language. Crusca, which means \"bran\" in Italian, helps convey the metaphor that its work is similar to winnowing, as also does its emblem depicting a sifter for straining out corrupt words and structures (as bran is separated from wheat). The academy motto is \"Il pi\u00f9 bel fior ne coglie\" ('She gathers the fairest flower'), a famous line by the Italian poet Francesco Petrarca. In 1612, the Accademia published the first edition of its dictionary, the Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca, which has served as the model for similar works in French, Spanish, German and English.The academy is a member of the European Federation of National Linguistic Institutes.", "Q14647": "Sun Microsystems, Inc. (Sun for short) was an American company that sold computers, computer components, software, and information technology services and created the Java programming language, the Solaris operating system, ZFS, the Network File System (NFS), and SPARC. Sun contributed significantly to the evolution of several key computing technologies, among them Unix, RISC processors, thin client computing, and virtualized computing. Sun was founded on February 24, 1982. At its height, the Sun headquarters were in Santa Clara, California (part of Silicon Valley), on the former west campus of the Agnews Developmental Center.\nOn April 20, 2009, it was announced that Oracle Corporation would acquire Sun for US$7.4 billion. The deal was completed on January 27, 2010.Sun products included computer servers and workstations built on its own RISC-based SPARC processor architecture, as well as on x86-based AMD Opteron and Intel Xeon processors. Sun also developed its own storage systems and a suite of software products, including the Solaris operating system, developer tools, Web infrastructure software, and identity management applications. technologies included the Java platform and NFS. In general, Sun was a proponent of open systems, particularly Unix. It was also a major contributor to open-source software, as evidenced by its $1 billion purchase, in 2008, of MySQL, an open-source relational database management system. At various times, Sun had manufacturing facilities in several locations worldwide, including Newark, California; Hillsboro, Oregon; and Linlithgow, Scotland. However, by the time the company was acquired by Oracle, it had outsourced most manufacturing responsibilities.", "Q34597": "James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 \u2013 September 19, 1881) was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881 until his death by assassination six and a half months later. He is the only sitting member of the United States House of Representatives to be elected to the presidency.Garfield entered politics as a Republican in 1857. He served as a member of the Ohio State Senate from 1859 to 1861. Garfield opposed Confederate secession, served as a major general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and fought in the battles of Middle Creek, Shiloh, and Chickamauga. He was first elected to Congress in 1862 to represent Ohio's 19th District. Throughout Garfield's extended congressional service after the Civil War, he firmly supported the gold standard and gained a reputation as a skilled orator. Garfield initially agreed with Radical Republican views regarding Reconstruction, but later favored a moderate approach for civil rights enforcement for freedmen.\nAt the 1880 Republican National Convention, delegates chose Garfield \u2013 who had not sought the White House \u2013 as a compromise presidential candidate on the 36th ballot. In the 1880 presidential election, Garfield conducted a low-key front porch campaign and narrowly defeated Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield's accomplishments as president included a resurgence of presidential authority against senatorial courtesy in executive appointments, purging corruption in the Post Office, and appointing a U.S. Supreme Court justice. He enhanced the powers of the presidency when he defied the powerful New York senator Roscoe Conkling by appointing William H. Robertson to the lucrative post of Collector of the Port of New York, starting a fracas that ended with Robertson's confirmation and Conkling's resignation from the Senate. Garfield advocated agricultural technology, an educated electorate, and civil rights for African Americans. He also proposed substantial civil service reforms; those reforms were eventually passed by Congress in 1883 and signed into law by his successor, Chester A. Arthur, as the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act.\nOn July 2, 1881, Garfield was shot at the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station in Washington D.C. by Charles J. Guiteau, a disappointed and delusional office seeker. The wound was not immediately fatal for Garfield, but he died on September 19, 1881, from infections caused by his doctors. Guiteau was executed for the murder of Garfield in June 1882.", "Q468797": "Maria Elvira Berlusconi (born 10 August 1966 in Milan) is an Italian businesswoman, chairwoman of Fininvest Holding and of the Arnoldo Mondadori Editore publishing group. She is the oldest daughter of Italian businessman and politician Silvio Berlusconi.", "Q960742": "Pierre-Georges Lat\u00e9co\u00e8re (1883\u20131943) was a pioneer of aeronautics. Born in Bagn\u00e8res-de-Bigorre, he studied in the \u00c9cole Centrale Paris and, during the First World War, started a business in aeronautics. He directed plants that made planes and opened the first airlines that operated from France to Africa and South America.\nPierre-Georges Lat\u00e9co\u00e8re was the founder of the aeronautical industry in Toulouse. As the son of the owner of a sawmill in Bagn\u00e8res-de-Bigorre in the Pyrenees, he took an early interest in technology. In 1903, after an outstanding secondary school career he began his degree at the Parisian Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures. On returning to the Pyrenees he modernized his father's firm, specializing in the manufacture of railway wagons. Thus, during the First World War, the profits from government contracts allowed him to set up a large, modern factory in the Toulouse suburb of Montaudran. Before doing so, he had also produced a rush order of 600 Salmson aircraft, which the army urgently needed. Having become an aeronautical enthusiast, he decided to create the company Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des lignes Lat\u00e9co\u00e8re (later known as A\u00e9ropostale), carrying mail from France to Morocco, Senegal and South America - the first aircraft being flown by such well-known pilots as Mermoz and Saint-Exup\u00e9ry. Finally, he started manufacturing aircraft in his own name, and notably the great seaplanes such as the Lat\u00e9co\u00e8re 631.\nThe Lat\u00e9co\u00e8re company still exists in 2014.", "Q121174": "Michael Brand (born 19 November 1973) is a German politician and member of the CDU.", "Q289040": "Mathilde Seigner (born 17 January 1968) is a French actress.\nSeigner was born in Paris, France. She is the granddaughter of actor Louis Seigner (1903\u20131991). Seigner is the sister of Emmanuelle Seigner and a niece of Fran\u00e7oise Seigner.\n\n", "Q272594": "Shelley Morrison (born Rachel Mitrani, also known as Rachel Dom\u00ednguez; October 26, 1936 \u2013 December 1, 2019) was an American theater and television actress, who was best known for her role as maid Rosario Salazar in the NBC comedy Will & Grace, which she played from 1999 to 2006. She was also a regular performer on the sitcom The Flying Nun, playing Sister Sixto, a nun known mostly for mangling the English language, and she had a recurring role in the soap opera General Hospital in 1982.", "Q382667": "Cromwell Fleetwood \"C.F.\" Varley, FRSA (6 April 1828 \u2013 2 September 1883) was an English engineer, particularly associated with the development of the electric telegraph and the transatlantic telegraph cable. He also took interest in the claims of parapsychology and spiritualism.", "Q495632": "Richard Earl \"Dick\" Lawyer (November 8, 1932 \u2013 November 12, 2005) was a USAF astronaut, test pilot, and combat veteran. Although he trained for the USAF Manned Orbital Laboratory (MOL), the program was cancelled before any of the MOL crews reached space.", "Q12236": "Real Racing Club de Santander, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [re\u02c8al \u02c8ra\u03b8i\u014b klu\u03b2 \u00f0e santan\u02c8de\u027e]), also known as Racing de Santander (pronounced [\u02c8ra\u03b8in de santan\u02c8de\u027e]) or simply Racing, is a Spanish football club based in Santander, in the autonomous community of Cantabria. Founded in 1913, it plays in Segunda Divisi\u00f3n, holding home games at Estadio El Sardinero, with a capacity for 22,222 spectators. It is one of the ten founding clubs of La Liga.", "Q141680": "Stephanie Zimbalist (born October 8, 1956) is an American actress best known for her role as Laura Holt in the NBC detective series Remington Steele.", "Q130079": "David Wu (traditional Chinese: \u5433\u632f\u5049; simplified Chinese: \u5434\u632f\u4f1f; pinyin: W\u00fa Zh\u00e8nw\u011bi; born April 8, 1955) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Oregon's 1st congressional district from 1999 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party.\nAs a child of immigrants from Taiwan, Wu was the first Taiwanese American to serve in the House of Representatives. Wu announced that he would resign from office following resolution of the 2011 debt ceiling crisis; he submitted his resignation on August 3, 2011. A special election was held on January 31, 2012, to fill the vacancy in advance of the regular 2012 election. Democrat Suzanne Bonamici defeated Republican challenger Rob Cornilles to win this special election.\nSince his resignation, Wu has remained in the Washington, D.C. area. He has been raising money for local Democratic parties, and organizing student exchange programs between the Chinese and American space programs. According to a 2014 report, he still frequents the House offices, where he visits with friends, sometimes sits in on hearings and even goes onto the House floor.\n\n", "Q137716": "Ch\u016b\u014d-ku (\u4e2d\u592e\u533a) is one of the five wards of Kumamoto City, Japan. The ward is located in the center of the city.\nAs of 2012, it has a population of 183,497 people and an area of 25.33 km2.", "Q1164639": "Daniel Hoch (born November 23, 1970) is an American actor, writer, director and performance artist. He has acted in larger roles in independent and art house movies and had a few small roles in mainstream Hollywood films, with increasing exposure as in 2007's We Own the Night. He is also known for his one man shows.", "Q927409": "Oblivion Dust is a Japanese rock band first active from 1996 to 2001, they reunited in 2007. Although they were originally largely influenced by early 1990s American grunge bands, since reuniting their music has become straight alternative rock. They stand out in the Japanese scene as most of their songs are written and sung in fluent English.", "Q726440": "Harold \"Chuck\" Willis (January 31, 1926 \u2013 April 10, 1958) was an American blues, rhythm and blues, and rock and roll singer and songwriter. His biggest hits, \"C. C. Rider\" (1957) and \"What Am I Living For\" (1958), both reached No.1 on the Billboard R&B chart. He was known as The King of the Stroll for his performance of the 1950s dance the stroll.", "Q50005": "Giulio Andreotti (US: AHN-dray-OT-ee, Italian: [\u02c8d\u0292u\u02d0ljo andre\u02c8\u0254tti]; 14 January 1919 \u2013 6 May 2013) was an Italian politician and statesman who served as the 41st Prime Minister of Italy (1972\u20131973, 1976\u201379 and 1989\u201392) and leader of the Christian Democracy party; he was the sixth longest-serving Prime Minister since the Italian Unification and the second longest-serving post-war Prime Minister, after Silvio Berlusconi. Andreotti is widely considered the most powerful and prominent politician of the so-called First Republic.\nBeginning as a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Alcide De Gasperi, Andreotti achieved cabinet rank at a young age and occupied all the major offices of state over the course of a forty-year political career, being seen as a reassuring figure by the civil service, business community, and Vatican. In foreign policy, he guided Italy's European Union integration and established closer relations with the Arab world. Admirers of Andreotti saw him as having mediated political and social contradictions, enabling the transformation of a substantially rural country into the world's fifth-biggest economy. Critics said he had done nothing to challenge a system of patronage that had led to pervasive corruption. Andreotti staunchly supported the Vatican and a capitalist structure, while opposing the Italian Communist Party. Following the popular Italian sentiment of the time, Andreotti also supported the development of a strong European community playing host to neo-liberal economics. Though Andreotti belonged to the right-wing, he was not averse to the implementation of the European Social Fund and Regional Fund in building the European economy.At the height of his prestige as a statesman, Andreotti was subjected to damaging criminal prosecutions. Charged with colluding with Cosa Nostra, courts could not prove that he had maintained his links with them after 1980, and ruled the case out of time. The most sensational allegation came from prosecutors in Perugia, who charged him with ordering the murder of a journalist. He was found guilty at a trial, which led to complaints that the justice system had \"gone mad\". After being acquitted of all charges (actually, in part due to statute-barred limitations), Andreotti remarked, \"Apart from the Punic Wars, for which I was too young, I have been blamed for everything that's happened in Italy.\"\nAndreotti served in numerous ministerial positions, including as Minister of the Interior (1954 and 1978), Minister of Finance (1955\u201358), Minister of Treasury (1958\u201359), Minister of Defence (1959\u201366 and 1974), Minister of Budget and Economic Planning (1974\u201376) and Minister of Foreign Affairs (1983\u201389) and was a Senator for life from 1991 until his death in 2013. He was also a journalist and author. Andreotti was sometimes called Divo Giulio (from Latin Divus Iulius, \"Divine Julius\", an epithet of Julius Caesar after his posthumous deification).", "Q84532": "Gert Jonke (8 February 1946 \u2013 4 January 2009) was an Austrian poet, playwright and novelist.", "Q3161138": "James Harrison (17 April 1816 \u2013 3 September 1893) was a British Australian newspaper printer, journalist, politician, and pioneer in the field of mechanical refrigeration.Harrison founded the Geelong Advertiser newspaper and was a member of the Victorian Legislative Council and Victorian Legislative Assembly. Harrison is also remembered as the inventor of the mechanical refrigeration process creating ice and founder of the Victorian Ice Works and as a result, is often called \"the father of refrigeration\". In 1873 he won a gold medal at the Melbourne Exhibition by proving that meat kept frozen for months remained perfectly edible.", "Q216006": "Pan's Labyrinth (Spanish: El laberinto del fauno, lit. 'The Labyrinth of the Faun') is a 2006 Spanish-Mexican dark fantasy drama film written and directed by Guillermo del Toro and starring Ivana Baquero, Sergi L\u00f3pez, Maribel Verd\u00fa, Doug Jones, and Ariadna Gil.\nThe story takes place in Spain during the summer of 1944, five years after the Spanish Civil War, during the early Francoist period. The narrative intertwines this real world with a mythical world centered on an overgrown, abandoned labyrinth and a mysterious faun creature, with whom the main character, Ofelia, interacts. Ofelia's stepfather, the Falangist Captain Vidal, hunts the Spanish Maquis who fight against the Francoist regime in the region, while Ofelia's pregnant mother Carmen grows increasingly ill. Ofelia meets several strange and magical creatures who become central to her story, leading her through the trials of the old labyrinth garden. The film employs make-up, animatronics, and CGI effects to bring life to its creatures.\nDel Toro stated that he considers the story to be a parable, influenced by fairy tales, and that it addresses and continues themes related to his earlier film The Devil's Backbone (2001), to which Pan's Labyrinth is a spiritual successor, according to del Toro in his director's DVD commentary. The original Spanish title refers to the fauns of Roman mythology, while the English, German and French titles refer specifically to the faun-like Greek deity Pan. However, del Toro has stated that the faun in the film is not Pan.Pan's Labyrinth premiered on 27 May 2006 at the Cannes Film Festival. The film was theatrically released by Warner Bros. Pictures in Spain on 11 October and in Mexico on 20 October. It was produced and distributed internationally by Esperanto Filmoj and Warner Bros. Pictures, in association with Telecinco Cinema. Pan's Labyrinth opened to widespread critical acclaim, with many praising the visual effects, direction, cinematography and performances. It won numerous international awards, including three Academy Awards, three BAFTA Awards including Best Film Not in the English Language, the Ariel Award for Best Picture, the Saturn Awards for Best International Film and Best Performance by a Younger Actor for Ivana Baquero and the 2007 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form. \nA novelization by del Toro and Cornelia Funke was published in 2019.", "Q94721": "Marisa Mell (born Marlies Theres Moitzi; 24 February 1939 \u2013 16 May 1992) was an Austrian actress. Appearing in films across Europe in the sixties, she suffered a setback in the failure of an American musical. She settled in Italy where her high profile love life and long association with Pier Luigi Torri, a playboy later to become one of the most wanted fugitives in the world, made her familiar to readers of tabloid press stories about the European jet set and elite Rome nightclubs. Mell was typecast as a resilient femme fatale. In reality, she was a vulnerable figure who suffered from bad luck and ill-judged personal choices. In the eighties, she was forced to relocate back to Austria where she subsisted in straitened circumstances. Her best regarded film is the critically re-assessed Danger: Diabolik.", "Q720031": "Gustav Hofer (Sarntal, 9 May 1976) is an Italian film director, screenwriter, journalist and TV host.", "Q1394214": "Guiniforte Solari (c. 1429 \u2013 c. 1481), also known as Boniforte, was an Italian sculptor, architect and engineer.\nBorn in Milan, he was the son of the architect Giovanni Solari, and brother of Francesco Solari.\nGuiniforte was chief engineer of the Duchy of Milan during his life. He is especially remembered for his disputes with Filarete, who had been called by Duke Francesco I Sforza to modernize the Lombard architecture according to the new Renaissance styles. However, Solari represented the local Gothic tradition.\nBuildings which he worked on include the Duomo, the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie and the Ospedale Maggiore in Milan, and the Certosa of Pavia. Also attributed to him is the Portinari Chapel, in the church of Sant'Eustorgio, Milan.\nHe died in Milan around 1481. His son Pietro was also a distinguished sculptor and architect.", "Q153284": "Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0645\u200e; born 1 December 1958) is president of the Dubai Civil Aviation Authority, CEO and chairman of the Emirates Group, chairman of Dubai World, and Noor Takaful insurance company. He is the current chancellor of the Middle East's first research-based postgraduate university The British University in Dubai, chairman of the Dubai Supreme Fiscal Committee, and second vice chairman of the Dubai Executive Council. A billionaire member of Dubai's ruling Al Maktoum family, he is believed to be one of the world's wealthiest royals.", "Q92350": "Janine Kunze (20 March 1974 in Cologne) is a German actress and presenter. She was and is active in many television series. Her breakthrough she achieve in the comedy series Hausmeister Krause \u2013 Ordnung muss sein. Later she was in the series Die Rote Meile, Balko, Barfuss, The Comedy Trap, Clueless Genius - The Comedy Arena and Extreme Activity to see. Her breakthrough achieved in the comedy series Die Dreisten Drei, in which she participated 2007 and 2008. There she replaced Mirja Boes. 2011 she moderated along with Daniel Aminati the second season of Die Alm.", "Q69684": "Lavertezzo is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q210311": "American Dad! is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane, Mike Barker and Matt Weitzman for the Fox Broadcasting Company. American Dad! is the first television series to have its inception on the network's Animation Domination block. The series premiered on February 6, 2005, following Super Bowl XXXIX, with the rest of the first season airing three months later beginning May 1, 2005. American Dad! is a joint production between Fuzzy Door Productions and 20th Century Fox Television and syndicated by 20th Television.\nCreative direction of American Dad! has largely been guided by Barker (prior to his exit from the show in season 10) and Weitzman as opposed to MacFarlane, resulting in a series that is different from its counterparts. Unlike MacFarlane's other shows, Family Guy and, to a lesser extent, The Cleveland Show, American Dad! does not lean as heavily on the use of cutaway gags, and is less concerned with conventional \"setup-punchline\" jokes, instead deriving its humor mostly from the quirky characters, the relationships between family members, and the relatively relatable plots. While the core issues and resolutions are relatable in most episodes, the show nonetheless weaves in fantastical elements, pitching the tone of the show somewhere between observational comedy and farce. The plots are often absurd, but grounded by family stories and real-world issues.American Dad! has been nominated for numerous awards, most prominently four Primetime Emmy Awards and two Annie Awards. In June 2013, it was awarded as top television series by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. Since its debut, American Dad! has broadcast 276 episodes (as of August 26, 2019). The total number of seasons and organization of episodes within these seasons are in dispute because of a discrepancy in how official sources report this information. One model suggests the first season of American Dad! comprises the first 7 episodes, while another model suggests the first season comprises 23 episodes.Beginning on October 20, 2014, TBS picked up the series for the 12th season following the final 3 episodes airing on Fox as the 11th season. TBS and Cartoon Network (via their late-night block, Adult Swim), both owned by AT&T's WarnerMedia subsidiary, airs reruns of the series.\nAmerican Dad!'s seventeenth season premiered on April 13, 2020. On January 15, 2020, TBS renewed the series for both season 18 and 19.", "Q362793": "Jack Bender (born September 25, 1949) is an American television and film director, television producer and former actor best known for his work as a director on Lost, The Sopranos and Game of Thrones.", "Q3064054": "Jeremy Maurice Jacobs Sr. (born January 21, 1940) is an American billionaire businessman, the owner of the Boston Bruins and chairman of Delaware North. Forbes magazine ranks him as 481st richest person in the world.\n\n", "Q152824": "Susan Sontag (; January 16, 1933 \u2013 December 28, 2004) was an American writer, filmmaker, philosopher, teacher, and political activist. She mostly wrote essays, but also published novels; she published her first major work, the essay \"Notes on 'Camp',\" in 1964. Her best-known works include On Photography, Against Interpretation, Styles of Radical Will, The Way We Live Now, Illness as Metaphor, Regarding the Pain of Others, The Volcano Lover, and In America.\nSontag was active in writing and speaking about, or travelling to, areas of conflict, including during the Vietnam War and the Siege of Sarajevo. She wrote extensively about photography, culture and media, AIDS and illness, human rights, and communism and leftist ideology. Although her essays and speeches sometimes drew controversy, she has been described as \"one of the most influential critics of her generation.\"", "Q4164781": "Dr. Ali Moustafa Mosharafa (Egyptian Arabic: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0629\u200e) (11 July 1898 \u2013 16 January 1950) was an Egyptian theoretical physicist. He was professor of applied mathematics in the Faculty of Science at Cairo University, and also served as its first dean. He contributed to the development of the quantum theory as well as the theory of relativity.\n\n", "Q5679": "George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, (22 January 1788 \u2013 19 April 1824), known simply as Lord Byron, was an English poet, peer and politician who became a revolutionary in the Greek War of Independence, and is considered one of the leading figures of the Romantic movement. He is regarded as one of the greatest English poets and remains widely read and influential. Among his best-known works are the lengthy narrative poems Don Juan and Childe Harold's Pilgrimage; many of his shorter lyrics in Hebrew Melodies also became popular. \nHe travelled extensively across Europe, especially in Italy, where he lived for seven years in the cities of Venice, Ravenna, and Pisa. During his stay in Italy he frequently visited his friend and fellow poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. Later in life Byron joined the Greek War of Independence fighting the Ottoman Empire and died of disease leading a campaign during that war, for which Greeks revere him as a national hero. He died in 1824 at the age of 36 from a fever contracted after the First and Second Siege of Missolonghi.\nHis only legitimate child, Ada Lovelace, is regarded as a foundational figure in the field of computer programming based on her notes for Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine. Byron's illegitimate children include Allegra Byron, who died in childhood, and possibly Elizabeth Medora Leigh.", "Q11059": "Sanskrit (English: ; Sanskrit: \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924, romanized: sa\u1e43sk\u1e5bta, IPA: [\u02c8s\u0250\u0303skr\u0329t\u0250] (listen)) is an Indo-Aryan language of the ancient Indian subcontinent with a 3,500-year history. It is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism and the predominant language of most works of Hindu philosophy as well as some of the principal texts of Buddhism and Jainism. Sanskrit, in its variants and numerous dialects, was the lingua franca of ancient and medieval India. In the early 1st millennium AD, along with Buddhism and Hinduism, Sanskrit migrated to Southeast Asia, parts of East Asia and Central Asia, emerging as a language of high culture and of local ruling elites in these regions.Sanskrit is an Old Indo-Aryan language. As one of the oldest documented members of the Indo-European family of languages, Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies. It is related to Greek and Latin, as well as Hittite, Luwian, Old Avestan and many other living and extinct languages with historical significance to Europe, West Asia, Central Asia and South Asia. It traces its linguistic ancestry to the Proto-Indo-Aryan language, Proto-Indo-Iranian and the Proto-Indo-European languages.Sanskrit is traceable to the 2nd millennium BCE in a form known as Vedic Sanskrit, with the Rigveda as the earliest-known composition. A more refined and standardized grammatical form called Classical Sanskrit emerged in the mid-1st millennium BCE with the A\u1e63\u1e6d\u0101dhy\u0101y\u012b treatise of P\u0101\u1e47ini. Sanskrit, though not necessarily Classical Sanskrit, is the root language of many Prakrit languages. Examples include numerous, modern, North Indian, subcontinental daughter languages such as Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati, Sindhi, Kashmiri, Kumaoni, Garhwali, Urdu, Dogri, Maithili, Konkani, Assamese, Odia, and Nepali.The body of Sanskrit literature encompasses a rich tradition of philosophical and religious texts, as well as poetry, music, drama, scientific, technical and other texts. In the ancient era, Sanskrit compositions were orally transmitted by methods of memorisation of exceptional complexity, rigour and fidelity. The earliest known inscriptions in Sanskrit are from the 1st century BCE, such as the few discovered in Ayodhya and Ghosundi-Hathibada (Chittorgarh). Sanskrit texts dated to the 1st millennium AD were written in the Brahmi script, the N\u0101gar\u012b script, the historic South Indian scripts and their derivative scripts. Sanskrit is one of the 22 languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India. It continues to be widely used as a ceremonial and ritual language in Hinduism and some Buddhist practices such as hymns and chants.", "Q19405": "The Ninth Gate is a 1999 mystery thriller film directed, produced, and co-written by Roman Polanski. An international co-production between the United States, Portugal, France, and Spain, the film is loosely based upon Arturo P\u00e9rez-Reverte's 1993 novel The Club Dumas. The plot involves authenticating a rare and ancient book that purportedly contains a magical secret for summoning the Devil. The premiere showing was at San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain, on 25 August 1999, a month before the 47th San Sebastian International Film Festival. Though critically and commercially unsuccessful in North America, where reviewers compared it unfavorably with Polanski's supernatural film Rosemary's Baby (1968), The Ninth Gate earned a worldwide gross of $58.4 million against a $38 million budget.", "Q3208": "Alien Raiders is a 2008 American science fiction horror film, starring Carlos Bernard, Rockmond Dunbar and Mathew St. Patrick. The film is Ben Rock's first feature film as a director. The film was produced by Daniel Myrick, John Shiban, and Tony Krantz, and was released by Warner Home Video and Raw Feed in September 2008.", "Q84254": "Karl Josef Seitz (German pronunciation: [ka\u0281l za\u026a\u032fts] (listen); 4 September 1869 \u2013 3 February 1950) was an Austrian politician of the Social Democratic Workers' Party. He served as member of the Imperial Council, President of the National Council and Mayor of Vienna.\n\n", "Q180962": "Norman Kingsley Mailer (January 31, 1923 \u2013 November 10, 2007) was an American novelist, journalist, essayist, playwright, film-maker, actor, and political activist. His novel The Naked and the Dead was published in 1948 and brought him early and wide renown. His 1968 nonfiction novel Armies of the Night won the Pulitzer Prize for non-fiction as well as the National Book Award. His best-known work is widely considered to be The Executioner's Song, the 1979 winner of the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. In over six decades of work, Mailer had 11 best-selling books, at least one in each of the seven decades after World War II\u2014more than any other post-war American writer.Mailer is considered an innovator of \"creative non-fiction\" or \"New Journalism\", along with Truman Capote, Joan Didion, Hunter S. Thompson, and Tom Wolfe, a genre which uses the style and devices of literary fiction in fact-based journalism. Mailer was also known for his essays, the most famous and reprinted of which is \"The White Negro\". He was a cultural commentator and critic, expressing his views through his novels, journalism, essays, and frequent media appearances. In 1955, he and three others founded The Village Voice, an arts- and politics-oriented weekly newspaper distributed in Greenwich Village. In 1960, he was convicted of assault and served a three-year probation after he stabbed his wife Adele Morales with a penknife, nearly killing her. In 1969, he ran an unsuccessful campaign to become the mayor of New York.", "Q271923": "Sylvie Fran\u00e7oise Meis (born 13 April 1978) is a Dutch television personality and model of Dutch East Indies origin. She is also popular in Germany.", "Q774306": "In modern medicine, a surgeon is a physician who performs surgery. There are also surgeons in podiatry, dentistry, orthodontics, and the veterinary medicine.", "Q194917": "Nikolay Victorovich Baskov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432) was born on October 15, 1976, in Balashikha, Moscow Oblast, Russian SFSR. He is a Russian tenor who performs in both operatic and popular music styles. His honors include commendations as Meritorious Artist and People's Artist of the Russian Federation, as well as People's Artist of Ukraine.In addition to his career as a vocalist, Baskov is a regular figure on the Russian game show What? Where? When?.", "Q90221": "Marte Harell (3 January 1907 \u2013 12 March 1996) was an Austrian film actress. She was married to Karl Hartl.\n\n", "Q1067324": "An exploitation film is a film that attempts to succeed financially by exploiting current trends, niche genres, or lurid content. Exploitation films are generally low-quality \"B movies\". They sometimes attract critical attention and cult followings. Some of these films, such as Night of the Living Dead (1968), set trends and become historically important.", "Q545177": "K\u00fcnzelsau (German pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u028fntsl\u0329s\u02cc\u0294a\u028a]) is a town in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, in south central Germany. It is the capital of the Hohenlohe district. It is located on the river Kocher, 19 km (12 mi) north of Schw\u00e4bisch Hall, and 37 km (23 mi) northeast of Heilbronn.", "Q108280": "Job (Jobus, Iobus) Fincelius (died 1582) was a 16th-century humanist and physician. Born Hiob Fincel (or Finzel), he studied at Erfurt, Jena, and Wittenberg before becoming a master of philosophy at Wittenberg (1549). In 1562, he was professor and assistant of medicine at Weimar. In 1568, he was a physician at Zwickau.His De miraculis sui temporis (1556) (Latin \"Concerning the Wonders of his Times\"; in German Warhafftige beschreybung und gr\u00fcndlich verzeichnu\u00df schr\u00f6cklicher Wunderzeichen und Geschichten) contains the oldest printed tale of the Hameln Pied Piper. It was printed in Frankfurt in 1556. Fincelius identified the Pied Piper with the Devil.\nIn Book XI. of his De mirabilibus, Fincelius also touches on the myth of the werewolf and relates the story of a farmer of Pavia, who, as a wolf, fell upon many men in the open country and tore them to pieces.", "Q382101": "Ant\u00f3nio Em\u00edlio Leite Couto, better known as Mia Couto (born 5 July 1955), is a Mozambican writer. He won the Cam\u00f5es Prize in 2013, the most important literary award in the Portuguese language, and the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 2014.", "Q252122": "Chinmaya Dunster (born 1954 in Kent, England) is a sarod player whose compositions incorporate elements of Celtic and Hindustani music. He is an active environmentalist and performs concerts to foster awareness for saving ecosystems and wildlife. Dunster has released over twenty CDs over the past quarter century.", "Q9043": "Norwegian (norsk) is a North Germanic language spoken mainly in Norway, where it is the official language. Along with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a dialect continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional varieties; some Norwegian and Swedish dialects, in particular, are very close. These Scandinavian languages, together with Faroese and Icelandic as well as some extinct languages, constitute the North Germanic languages. Faroese and Icelandic are not mutually intelligible with Norwegian in their spoken form because continental Scandinavian has diverged from them. While the two Germanic languages with the greatest numbers of speakers, English and German, have close similarities with Norwegian, neither is mutually intelligible with it. Norwegian is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Era.\nToday there are two official forms of written Norwegian, Bokm\u00e5l (literally \"book tongue\") and Nynorsk (\"new Norwegian\"), each with its own variants. Bokm\u00e5l developed from the Dano-Norwegian koin\u00e9 language that evolved under the union of Denmark-Norway in the 16th and 17th centuries, while Nynorsk was developed based upon a collective of spoken Norwegian dialects. Norwegian is one of the two official languages in Norway. The other is Sami, spoken by some members of the Sami people, mostly in the Northern part of Norway. Norwegian and Sami are not mutually intelligible, as Sami belongs to the Finno-Ugric group of languages. Sami is spoken by less than one percent of people in Norway.\nNorwegian is one of the working languages of the Nordic Council. Under the Nordic Language Convention, citizens of the Nordic countries who speak Norwegian have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable to any interpretation or translation costs.\n\n", "Q86443": "Gustav Falke (11 January 1853 \u2013 8 February 1916) was a German writer.", "Q525683": "Francis I (French: Fran\u00e7ois Ier de Lorraine) (23 August 1517 \u2013 12 June 1545) was Duke of Lorraine from 1544\u20131545.", "Q351359": "Emmanuel Mounier (; French: [munje]; 1 April 1905 \u2013 22 March 1950) was a French philosopher, theologian, teacher and essayist.\n\n", "Q167647": "Pension Sch\u00f6ller is a 1952 West German comedy film directed by Georg Jacoby and starring Camilla Spira, Eva Ingeborg Scholz and Joachim Brennecke. It is an adaptation of the 1890 play Pension Sch\u00f6ller by Wilhelm Jacoby and Carl Laufs. Georg Jacoby was Wilhem's son, and made three film adaptation of his father's best known play in 1930, 1952 and 1960.\nIt was made at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by Erich Kettelhut.", "Q106722": "David Winter (born 23 February 1979) is a German actor. He appeared in more than forty films since 1994.", "Q223254": "Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. The two main types are acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME). AOM is an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain. In young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor sleep. Decreased eating and a fever may also be present. OME is typically not associated with symptoms. Occasionally a feeling of fullness is described. It is defined as the presence of non-infectious fluid in the middle ear for more than three months. Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is middle ear inflammation that results in discharge from the ear for more than three months. It may be a complication of acute otitis media. Pain is rarely present. All three types of otitis media may be associated with hearing loss. The hearing loss in OME, due to its chronic nature, may affect a child's ability to learn.The cause of AOM is related to childhood anatomy and immune function. Either bacteria or viruses may be involved. Risk factors include exposure to smoke, use of pacifiers, and attending daycare. It occurs more commonly among indigenous peoples and those who have cleft lip and palate or Down syndrome. OME frequently occurs following AOM and may be related to viral upper respiratory infections, irritants such as smoke, or allergies. Looking at the eardrum is important for making the correct diagnosis. Signs of AOM include bulging or a lack of movement of the tympanic membrane from a puff of air. New discharge not related to otitis externa also indicates the diagnosis.A number of measures decrease the risk of otitis media including pneumococcal and influenza vaccination, breastfeeding, and avoiding tobacco smoke. The use of pain medications for AOM is important. This may include paracetamol (acetaminophen), ibuprofen, benzocaine ear drops, or opioids. In AOM, antibiotics may speed recovery but may result in side effects. Antibiotics are often recommended in those with severe disease or under two years old. In those with less severe disease they may only be recommended in those who do not improve after two or three days. The initial antibiotic of choice is typically amoxicillin. In those with frequent infections tympanostomy tubes may decrease recurrence. In children with otitis media with effusion antibiotics may increase resolution of symptoms, but may cause diarrhoea, vomiting and skin rash.Worldwide AOM affects about 11% of people a year (about 325 to 710 million cases). Half the cases involve children less than five years of age and it is more common among males. Of those affected about 4.8% or 31 million develop chronic suppurative otitis media. The total number of people with CSOM is estimated at 65-330 million people. Before the age of ten OME affects about 80% of children at some point. Otitis media resulted in 3,200 deaths in 2015 \u2013 down from 4,900 deaths in 1990.", "Q55394": "Henri Verneuil, born Ashot Malakian (15 October 1920 \u2013 11 January 2002), was a French-Armenian playwright and filmmaker, who made a successful career in France. He was nominated for Oscar and Palme d'Or awards, and won Locarno International Film Festival, Edgar Allan Poe Awards, French Legion of Honor, Golden Globe Award, French National Academy of Cinema and Honorary Cesar awards.\nAccording to one obituary:\n\nFor exactly 40 years, the prolific Verneuil made movies as mainstream and commercial as any to be found in America or Britain. In his best period \u2013 the 1950s and 1960s \u2013 he delivered films in the \"tradition of quality\" so despised by the Nouvelle Vague. Many of them proved excellent vehicles for old-timers Jean Gabin and Fernandel, and newcomers such as Jean-Paul Belmondo and Alain Delon.", "Q62538": "John William Friso (Dutch: Johan Willem Friso; 14 August 1687 \u2013 14 July 1711) became the (titular) Prince of Orange in 1702. He was the Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen in the Dutch Republic until his death by accidentally drowning in the Hollands Diep in 1711. Friso and his wife, Marie Louise, are the most recent common ancestors of all European monarchs occupying the throne today.", "Q65257": "Reinmar von Zweter (also spelled Reymar von Zwetel, Reymar von Zweten, R\u00f6mer von Zwickau, Ehrenbote, born around 1200 in Zeutern, today known as Ubstadt-Weiher, Germany; died after 1248) was a Middle High German poet of Spruchdichtung. The iconography in the Manesse Codex (see illustration) suggests that he may have been blind, since he is the only person represented in the manuscript with closed eyes and other people writing. The caption, not shown here, of that miniature refers to him as \"Herr\" (then spelled \"Her\") Reinmar, implying that he was a knight and that he became blind (if he was blind) in adulthood.", "Q3305837": "Emilio Rosenblueth Deutsch (1926\u20131994) was a Mexican engineer who devoted himself to the research of seismic events, and in particular to study the behavior of buildings against earthquakes and other seismic activity.\nBorn in Mexico City, Rosenblueth was the only child of Emilio Rosenblueth Stearns and Charlotte Deutsch Kleinman.. They came to Mexico from Hungary as refugees before he was born.", "Q617306": "Mario Ermirio de Moraes Filho (born December 20, 1988 in S\u00e3o Paulo) is a Brazilian professional race car driver. Moraes started his career in minor youth motorsports. In 2003 Moraes competed in American Formula Renault with World Speed Motorsports and won races against some competition such as Marco Andretti. In 2005 he drove for the Bassan Motorsport team in Formula Three Sudamericana and finished eighth. In 2006 he finished second in F3 Sudamericana, then moved to the British Formula Three National Class driving for Carlin Motorsport and earned several good finishes while not competing for series points. He finished in 14th place in the 2007 British Formula Three championship's Championship Class, again competing for Carlin.\nIn 2008, he drove in the IndyCar Series for Dale Coyne Racing. He finished 21st in points with a best finish of seventh at Watkins Glen International.\nMoraes drove for KV Racing Technology in 2009, with a best finish as third at Chicagoland.", "Q438349": "Marie-Jos\u00e9 Benhalassa (22 April 1940 \u2013 10 October 2019), known professionally as Marie-Jos\u00e9 Nat, was a French actress. Among her notable works in cinema were the sequel films Anatomy of a Marriage: My Days with Jean-Marc and Anatomy of a Marriage: My Days with Fran\u00e7oise (1963), directed by Andr\u00e9 Cayatte. In 1974, she received a Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film Violins at the Ball.", "Q225625": "Silvi Vrait (28 April 1951 \u2013 28 June 2013) was an Estonian singer and music teacher.\n\n", "Q212089": "Alan Parsons (born 20 December 1948) is an English audio engineer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. He was involved with the production of several significant albums, including the Beatles' Abbey Road and Let It Be, and the eponymous debut album by Ambrosia, as well as Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon. Parsons' own group, The Alan Parsons Project, as well as his subsequent solo recordings, have also been commercially successful. He has been nominated for 13 Grammy Awards, with his first win occurring in 2019 for Best Immersive Audio Album, Eye in the Sky (35th Anniversary Edition).", "Q263670": "Jana Rae Kramer (born December 2, 1983) is an American country music singer and actress. She is known for her role as Alex Dupre on the television series One Tree Hill.\nKramer began her musical career in 2012 and has released two albums: Jana Kramer (2012) and Thirty One (2015). The albums produced seven charted singles on Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay, including the top 10 hits \"Why Ya Wanna\" and \"I Got the Boy\". She competed on season 23 of Dancing with the Stars, finishing in fourth place.", "Q370618": "Melissa P. is a 2005 erotic drama film directed by Luca Guadagnino, from a screenplay by Guadagnino, Barbara Alberti and Cristiana Farina and a screen story by Guadagnino and Farina. It is based on 100 colpi di spazzola prima di andare a dormire (\"One Hundred Strokes of the Brush Before Bed\"), a semi-autobiographical novel by Melissa Panarello. It stars Mar\u00eda Valverde, Fabrizia Sacchi, Primo Reggiani, Nilo Mur, Elio Germano, Letizia Ciampa, Davide Pasti, Alba Rohrwacher, Piergiorgio Bellocchio, Giulio Berruti, Marcello Mazzarella, Claudio Santamaria and Geraldine Chaplin.\nThe film was released in Italy on 18 November 2005, before being released in Spain on 24 February 2006, by Columbia Pictures. It placed at number one at the box office in Italy.\n\n", "Q297097": "Jack Hody Johnson (born May 18, 1975) is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, actor, record producer, documentary filmmaker and former professional surfer. Johnson is known primarily for his work in the soft rock and acoustic genres. In 2001, he achieved commercial success after the release of his debut album, Brushfire Fairytales. Johnson has reached number one on the Billboard 200 chart with his albums Sing-A-Longs and Lullabies for the Film Curious George in 2006, Sleep Through the Static in 2008, To the Sea in 2010 and From Here to Now to You in 2013. His album In Between Dreams peaked at number two on the chart in 2005 and again in 2013.Johnson is active in environmentalism and sustainability, often with a focus on the world's oceans. Johnson and wife Kim created the Johnson Ohana Charitable Foundation and the K\u014dkua Hawaii Foundation. In 2008, Johnson adopted the concept of greening (reduce and reuse), and donated 100% of the proceeds of the Sleep Through the Static tour to the Johnson Ohana Charitable Foundation. Similarly, the proceeds from the 2010 To the Sea album tour went to All At Once, a Johnson backed collaboration of greening charities promoting fan involvement.", "Q232359": "Helen Fielding (born 1958) is an English novelist and screenwriter, best known as the creator of the fictional character Bridget Jones, and a sequence of novels and films beginning with the life of a thirtysomething singleton in London trying to make sense of life and love. Bridget Jones's Diary (1996) and Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (1999) were published in 40 countries and sold more than 15 million copies. The two films of the same name achieved international success. In a survey conducted by The Guardian newspaper, Bridget Jones\u2019s Diary was named as one of the ten novels that best defined the 20th century.Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy was published in autumn 2013 with record-breaking first-day sales in the UK exceeding 46,000 copies. It occupied the number one spot on The Sunday Times bestseller list for six months. In her review for The New York Times review, Sarah Lyall called the novel \"sharp and humorous\" and said that Fielding had \"allowed her heroine to grow up into someone funnier and more interesting than she was before\". Late 2016 saw the release of the third movie: Bridget Jones's Baby. On 11 October 2016, and the publication of Fielding's sixth novel, Bridget Jones' Baby: the Diaries based on Fielding's original columns in The Independent newspaper on which the movie \u2014 which broke UK box office records \u2014 was based.In a 2004 poll for the BBC, Fielding was named the 29th most influential person in British culture. In December 2016, the BBC's Woman's Hour included Bridget Jones as one of the seven women who had most influenced British female culture over the last seven decades.", "Q110140": "Angelika Brunkhorst (n\u00e9e Huber; born 9 October 1955 in Hanover) is a German politician and member of the FDP.\nA member of the FDP since 1995, on 21 March 2003 she replaced the retiring Christian Eberl in the Bundestag, the German federal parliament. There, she served as FDP spokesperson on renewable energy until 2005. At the 2009 German federal election, she stood unsuccessfully in the Delmenhorst \u2013 Wesermarsch \u2013 Oldenburg-Land district.\n\n", "Q7349106": "Established in 1909, the Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science is one of twelve constituent schools at Northwestern University. Most engineering classes are held in the Technological Institute (1942), which students commonly refer to as \"Tech.\" In October 2005, another building affiliated with the School, the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center, opened.", "Q130290": "Hy\u014dgo Prefecture (\u5175\u5eab\u770c, Hy\u014dgo-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Hy\u014dgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of 8,400 km\u00b2 (3,243 sq mi). Hy\u014dgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east, Osaka Prefecture to the southeast, and Okayama Prefecture and Tottori Prefecture to the west.\nK\u014dbe is the capital and largest city of Hy\u014dgo Prefecture, and the sixth-largest city in Japan, with other major cities including Himeji, Nishinomiya, and Amagasaki. Hy\u014dgo Prefecture's mainland stretches from the Sea of Japan to the Seto Inland Sea, where Awaji Island and a small archipelago of islands belonging to the prefecture are located. Hy\u014dgo Prefecture is a major economic center, transportation hub, and tourist destination in western Japan, with 20% of the prefecture's land area was designated as Natural Parks. Hy\u014dgo Prefecture forms part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area, the second-most-populated urban region in Japan after the Greater Tokyo area and one of the world's most productive regions by GDP.", "Q3571335": "Yahya Ould Hademine (Arabic: \u064a\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u200e; born December 31, 1953) is a Mauritanian engineer and politician who served as Defence Minister of Mauritania. He served as the Prime Minister of Mauritania from August 21, 2014 to October 29, 2018.\n\n", "Q78560": "Ottokar Theobald Otto Maria Graf Czernin von und zu Chudenitz (Czech: Otakar Theobald Otto Maria hrab\u011b \u010cern\u00edn z Chudenic; 26 September 1872 \u2013 4 April 1932) was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat and politician during the time of World War I, notably serving as Foreign Minister from 1916 to 1918.", "Q133799": "Ma\u0142gorzata Ko\u017cuchowska (born 27 April 1971 in Wroc\u0142aw, Poland) is a Polish actress. She is best known as Hanna Mostowiak in the very popular Polish television series, M jak mi\u0142o\u015b\u0107, and as Ewa Sza\u0144ska in the movies Kiler and Kiler-\u00f3w 2-\u00f3ch. She is married to Bart\u0142omiej Wr\u00f3blewski.", "Q66986": "Gipf-Oberfrick is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q77653": "Matthias Hues (born 14 February 1959) is a German-born, naturalized American actor and martial artist. He was born in Waltrop, Germany, to Dr. Josef Hues and Maria Humperdinck Hues who still resides in Germany. Maria is the niece of Engelbert Humperdinck, composer of the opera Hansel and Gretel.\nAfter graduating from school, Hues moved to Paris to enter hotel management. Once there he joined a health club in Paris, which had just been bombarded with the new Jane Fonda aerobic exercise program from the United States. Hues recognized an opportunity and after returning to Germany opened two health clubs, flying in aerobic teachers from the USA. During this time he became obsessed with the American way of life, and subsequently sold his clubs - boarding a plane to Los Angeles.\nHe immediately joined Gold's Gym in Venice, California, the mecca of bodybuilding and entertainment personalities. Derek Barton, a former Hollywood stuntman and formerly one of Gold's managing directors, received a call from a producer who had just lost Jean-Claude Van Damme for his movie and needed a replacement. Barton sent Hues to test for the role, and he managed to convince the producers to give him the part despite having no prior acting experience. The movie, No Retreat, No Surrender 2 (1987), was a moderate success, and opened the door for Hues to make more films.\nHis most commercially successful movie to date is Dark Angel (1990) and he has played a variety of roles in his films, from a gladiator turned private investigator in Age of Treason (1993) to an aging hit-man in Finding Interest (1994) to a bumbling idiot trying to kidnap a rich kid in Alone in the Woods (1996) to a dancing lion tamer in Big Top Pee-wee (1988). He also played a Klingon general in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991). Hues is one of the few foreign actors who has lost his accent to the extent that many people in his own country are unaware he is from Germany.", "Q851004": "Novato ( n\u0259-VAH-toh) is a city in northern Marin County, in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 51,904. Novato is located about 10 miles (16 km) northwest of San Rafael and about 30 miles (48 km) north of San Francisco on U.S. 101.\nNovato has been called one of the best places to live in the U.S.", "Q277605": "Tarzan and the Amazons (1945) is an adventure film starring Johnny Weissmuller in his ninth outing as Tarzan. Brenda Joyce plays Jane, in the first of her five appearances in the role, and Johnny Sheffield makes his sixth appearance as Boy. Henry Stephenson and Maria Ouspenskaya co-star.\nThe film was produced by Sol Lesser and Kurt Neumann, written by John Jacoby and Marjorie L. Pfaelzer (based on characters created by Edgar Rice Burroughs) and directed by Kurt Neumann. It was released on April 29, 1945.", "Q434573": "V\u00e9ra Gibson-Amado, known professionally as V\u00e9ra Clouzot, (30 December 1913 \u2013 15 December 1960) was a Brazilian-French film actress and screenwriter. She is known for playing Linda in The Wages of Fear (1953), Christina Delassalle in Les Diaboliques (1955), and Lucie in Les Espions (1957). Clouzot also co-wrote the screenplay for La V\u00e9rit\u00e9 (1960). Her husband, director Henri-Georges Clouzot, named his production company after her, V\u00e9ra Films.", "Q47790": "Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a bacterial infection characterized by muscle spasms. In the most common type, the spasms begin in the jaw and then progress to the rest of the body. Each spasm usually lasts a few minutes. Spasms occur frequently for three to four weeks. Some spasms may be severe enough to fracture bones. Other symptoms of tetanus may include fever, sweating, headache, trouble swallowing, high blood pressure, and a fast heart rate. Onset of symptoms is typically three to twenty-one days following infection. Recovery may take months. About ten percent of cases prove fatal.Tetanus is caused by an infection with the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is commonly found in soil, saliva, dust, and manure. The bacteria generally enter through a break in the skin such as a cut or puncture wound by a contaminated object. They produce toxins that interfere with normal muscle contractions. Diagnosis is based on the presenting signs and symptoms. The disease does not spread between people.Tetanus can be prevented by immunization with the tetanus vaccine. In those who have a significant wound and have had fewer than three doses of the vaccine, both vaccination and tetanus immune globulin are recommended. The wound should be cleaned and any dead tissue should be removed. In those who are infected, tetanus immune globulin or, if unavailable, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used. Muscle relaxants may be used to control spasms. Mechanical ventilation may be required if a person's breathing is affected.Tetanus occurs in all parts of the world but is most frequent in hot and wet climates where the soil contains a lot of organic matter. In 2015 there were about 209,000 infections and about 59,000 deaths globally. This is down from 356,000 deaths in 1990. In the US there are about 30 cases per year, almost all of which have not been vaccinated. An early description of the disease was made by Hippocrates in the 5th century BCE. The cause of the disease was determined in 1884 by Antonio Carle and Giorgio Rattone at the University of Turin, and a vaccine was developed in 1924.\n\n", "Q260379": "Hero is a 2002 Chinese wuxia film directed by Zhang Yimou. Starring Jet Li as the nameless protagonist, the film is based on the story of Jing Ke's assassination attempt on the King of Qin in 227 BC.\nHero was first released in China on 24 October 2002. At that time, it was the most expensive project and one of highest-grossing motion pictures in China. Miramax Films bought the American market distribution rights, but delayed the release of the film for nearly two years. Quentin Tarantino eventually convinced Miramax to open the film in American theaters on 27 August 2004. The film received positive reviews from critics. It became the first Chinese-language movie to place No. 1 at the American box office (where it stayed for two consecutive weeks) and went on to earn $53.7 million.\n\n", "Q904039": "Breathe Carolina is an American electronic music duo from Denver, Colorado, currently composed of David Schmitt and Tommy Cooperman. The band formed in 2007 and have released five albums, and nine EPs. Their latest studio album, Dead: The Album, was released in November 2019.", "Q3886452": "Oscar Sinigaglia was an Italian engineer and industrialist who was born into the Roman Senigaglia family on October 20, 1877.\n\n", "Q539725": "Ch\u016bhei Nambu (\u5357\u90e8 \u5fe0\u5e73, Nanbu Ch\u016bhei, May 27, 1904 \u2013 July 23, 1997) was a Japanese track and field athlete. As of 2013, he is the only person to have held world records in both the long jump and the triple jump.", "Q717474": "J\u00f3zsef Galamb (English: Joseph A. Galamb) (3 February 1881 \u2013 4 December 1955) was a Hungarian-American mechanical engineer. most known for model T.\nGalamb finished his education at the Budapest Industrial Technology Engineering Course (the predecessor of the present-day \u00d3buda University B\u00e1nki Don\u00e1t Politechnical College) in 1899. After receiving his diploma in mechanical engineering he worked at the Steel Engineering Factory in Di\u00f3sgy\u0151r as a draftsman. He next served one year in military service. He worked at the Hungarian Automobile Co., where he won a postgraduate scholarship to Germany. After the navy he went to see the world \u2014 Vienna, Dresden, Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen. In 1903 he worked in many German cities as a skilled worker, he got the best education at Adler in Frankfurt. He was hired to assemble automotive engines in a process in which each engine was built completely by one man. When he learned of the 1904 American Auto World Fair in St. Louis, he used his savings to travel to America by ship in October 1903. After two months in New York, he found employment as a toolmaker at the Westinghouse Corporation in Pittsburgh. Although he planned to go back to Germany in 1904, instead he joined the Stearns Automobile Company in Cleveland as a carburetor maker.Galamb applied for work at the Silent Northern plant, the reorganized Ford-Cadillac plant and the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant. All three offered him work within three hours. He joined the Ford Motor Company (twenty-four years old at that time) as a designer in December 1905. The Ford Motor Company had 300 employees at the time assembling the Ford Model A from purchased parts. Subsequent to redesigning the cooling system for the Model N, he became the chief designer of the company, and devised many of the parts of the famous Model T. \nFrom 1915 he worked on the Fordson tractor design. In 1921 he founded a scholarship for the poor students of his native town who wished to take up higher education at trade school. During World War I he was busy designing military hardware, e. g. anti-submarine detection systems. He visited Hungary many times, lecturing at the Association of Hungarian Engineers and Architects. During World War II on Ford's suggestion, he designed a small six-cylinder car, which was completed in 1942. On doctor's orders, he retired from active work in 1944.\nHis influence played a role in the Ford V8 and Eifel being assembled in Hungary from 1935. He died in 1955 in Detroit.", "Q432102": "Shine a Light is a 2008 British-American concert film directed by Martin Scorsese documenting The Rolling Stones' 2006 Beacon Theatre performances on their A Bigger Bang Tour. The film also includes archive footage from the band's career and marked the first utilisation by Scorsese of digital cinematography for his films, with it being used for the backstage sequences. The film takes its title from the song of the same name, featured on the band's 1972 album Exile on Main St. A soundtrack album was released in April 2008 on the Universal label. This is also the last movie by Paramount Classics, as the company merged into its sister company Paramount Vantage after the movie was released.\n\n", "Q240917": "Jovana Joksimovi\u0107 (n\u00e9e Jankovi\u0107; Serbian Cyrillic: \u0408\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0408\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; born 25 April 1981) is a Serbian television presenter, best known for hosting morning TV programme, Jutarnji program. In May 2008, together with \u017deljko Joksimovi\u0107, she was the host of the 53rd edition of Eurovision Song Contest in Belgrade. She now hosts Jutro sa Jovanom i Sr\u0111anom on Prva Tv.", "Q2834877": "Alfonso Osorio Garc\u00eda (13 December 1923 \u2013 27 August 2018) was a Spanish politician.\nBorn in Santander on 13 December 1923, Osorio studied law at the University of Oviedo. He joined the State Lawyers Corps in 1953, serving in Cuenca and Toledo. He later joined the Legal Service of the Spanish Air Force. He was also a member of the Francoist Cortes and took several business administration positions. Osorio was named Minister of the Presidency and Second Vice President under Carlos Arias Navarro and retained his position under Adolfo Su\u00e1rez, as was his very close aid during the hard times of the Transition. Osorio was appointed to the Senate from 1977 to 1979. After leaving the Su\u00e1rez government and the Union of the Democratic Centre, Osorio led the Progressive Democratic Party until his resignation in September 1979. He subsequently joined the People's Alliance and represented Madrid in the Congress of Deputies until 1986, and Cantabria until 1989. Upon stepping down from the legislature, Osorio withdrew from the People's Alliance and quit politics. Osorio died on 27 August 2018, at the age of 94 in his hometown of Santander.Osorio was married to Mar\u00eda Teresa Iturmendi G\u00f3mez-Nales, daughter of Antonio Iturmendi Ba\u00f1ales. They had three children.", "Q519393": "John Thelwall (27 July 1764 \u2013 17 February 1834) was a radical British orator, writer, political reformer, journalist, poet, elocutionist and speech therapist.", "Q816429": "Ben Barzman (October 12, 1910 \u2013 December 15, 1989) was a Canadian journalist, screenwriter, and novelist, blacklisted during the McCarthy Era and best known for his screenplays for the films Back to Bataan (1945), El Cid (1961), and The Blue Max (1966).", "Q455827": "Ross Shor Lynch (born December 29, 1995) is an American singer, songwriter, musician and actor. He was the lead vocalist of the pop rock band R5 and is one half of the band the Driver Era, with his brother, Rocky Lynch. As an actor, he is known for his debut role as Austin Moon on the Disney Channel original series Austin & Ally, and for his role as Brady in the Teen Beach Movie series.\nIn 2017, Lynch branched into film, starring in the biopic My Friend Dahmer, where he played a teenaged Jeffrey Dahmer. In 2018, Lynch also starred in Status Update, playing the character of Kyle. Since 2018, Lynch has starred as Harvey Kinkle on the Netflix television series Chilling Adventures of Sabrina.", "Q1562530": "Boris Mik\u0161i\u0107 (born 11 October 1948 in Zagreb) is a Croatian businessman and politician.\nMik\u0161i\u0107 was born in Zagreb, then part of SFR Yugoslavia. He graduated from the University of Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture in 1973. He then emigrated to the United States of America, settling in Minnesota where he gradually began his business, Cortec Corporation.\nOver the years he became one of the wealthiest Croatian Americans. He first ventured into the Croatian politics as an independent candidate in the 2003 parliamentary elections.\nIn 2005, he ran as an independent candidate on the Croatian presidential elections. His campaign was partially based on his autobiography Ameri\u010dki san de\u010dka s Tre\u0161njevke (American dream of a kid from Tre\u0161njevka) that he had published in 1994 - creating image of a simple Zagreb youth, who fulfilled the American Dream. It was also based on his opposition to the ICTY and Eurosceptic views. His success story along with his self-funded American-style campaign brought a new perspective to many voters.\nOn 2 January, to the surprise of many, first election projections showed him as winning 2nd place, knocking the government's candidate Jadranka Kosor out of the race. Immediately, many commentators began to interpret his success as a protest vote against the Croatian political establishment, engulfed in corruption and being notoriously inefficient. As if Mik\u0161i\u0107, already wealthy has been seen by voters as more decent and less corruptible candidate.\nFew hours later, new projections, based on the votes cast by Croatian citizens in neighboring Bosnia and Herzegovina, brought Jadranka Kosor to the 2nd place. Mik\u0161i\u0107 was surprised as was the most of Croatian public. At first he refused to accept results and blamed the failure on alleged vote fraud, and \"dead people voting\".\nHe called supporters to demonstrate on streets over the alleged fraud, inspired by the, at the time current, Orange Revolution in Ukraine. He later called off planned demonstrations, citing his respect for the law and wanting to prevent incident and possible casualties brought on by the protest.Following the presidential elections, Mik\u0161i\u0107 continued to challenge the results, bringing allegations of voter fraud. He requested vote recounts from Croatia's Constitutional Court stating that many deceased people were not only registered to vote but also cast votes in the election; a problem that the Croatian government has faced multiple times.\nHe continued to pursue Croatian politics, announcing his candidacy in local elections, including those for Zagreb City Assembly. Mik\u0161i\u0107's campaigning appeared to have effect within the 2005 local elections. His slate did enter the Zagreb City Assembly, but with only three seats, which was fewer than he expected.\nMik\u0161i\u0107 entered into the Croatian presidential election, 2009\u20132010, but was eliminated in the first round with 2.1% of the vote.", "Q219862": "Raymond Clevie Carver Jr. (May 25, 1938 \u2013 August 2, 1988) was an American short-story writer and poet. He is considered to be amongst America's greatest writers.", "Q2368070": "Leonid Vyacheslavovich Kuravlyov (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434 \u0412\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0451\u0432) (born 8 October 1936) is a Soviet and Russian film actor. He was named People's Artist of the RSFSR in 1976.", "Q3619025": "Antonina Pirozhkova (1 July 1909 \u2013 12 September 2010) was a Russian civil engineer and writer, best known for her contributions to the construction of the Moscow Metro and the preservation of the literary legacy of her husband Isaac Babel.", "Q68015": "Roggwil is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q115986": "Melchiorre Gioja (September 10, 1767 \u2013 January 2, 1829) was an Italian writer on philosophy and political economy. His name is spelled Gioia in modern Italian.", "Q594909": "Krystyna Kurczab-Redlich (born 1954) is a Polish journalist and author.\nAs a correspondent in Russia for the Polish media, she has written documentary films on Chechnya investigating alleged human rights abuses by the Russian army. In 2000 she published Pandrioszka, an account of life in contemporary Russia. Her 2007 book G\u0142ow\u0105 o mur Kremla (\"Banging one's head against the wall of the Kremlin\"), a history of Russia from the 1980s to the present, earned her the nickname the Polish Politkovskaya (Polska Politkowska).Kurczab-Redlich received the Kazimierz Dziewanowski Award for her work as a foreign correspondent and the Melchior Wa\u0144kowicz Award for her reports from Chechnya. In 2005 the Chechen organization Echo of War, along with Amnesty International and the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights, nominated her for the Nobel Peace Prize.", "Q499587": "Fabio Caressa (born on April 18, 1967 in Rome) is an Italian journalist and football commentator, broadcasting for SKY Italia.He began his career in 1986 and in 1991 was chosen to take part in the commentators team for the newly founded Italian pay tv Tele+, founded by the Canal+ Group. In 1998, he started commenting on Sunday evening Serie A matches, making turns with Massimo Marianella. In 2002, he became the main \"voice\" of SKY Sport and, together with former Inter Milan defender Giuseppe Bergomi, he is now one of the most notorious and appreciated sporting commentators in Italy.\nAfter the World Cup he wrote a book about his experiences during his career and the 2006 World cup, entitled Andiamo a Berlino (\"We're going to Berlin\"), a reference to Caressa's exclamation at the end of Italy's World Cup semi-final victory against hosts Germany, which ended in a 2\u20130 victory after extra time; just a few seconds after Italy's second goal, scored by Alessandro Del Piero, Caressa shouted the phrase, expressing his joy for Italy's qualification for the World Cup final that would be played in Berlin.\nFor SKY Sport's coverage of the 2012 Olympics, Caressa also commentated on all swimming events for the first time in his career, with color commentary offered by former World and Olympic champion Massimiliano Rosolino.His wife is Italian TV-news journalist Benedetta Parodi. Together they have two daughters and one son: Matilde (born on 28 September 2002), Eleonora (born on 20 October, 2004) e Diego (born on October 28, 2009).", "Q60449": "Joseph Berchtold (6 March 1897 \u2013 23 August 1962) was an early senior Nazi Party member and a co-founder of both the Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS).\nBerchtold served in World War I and upon Germany's defeat joined the German Workers' Party (DAP), a small extremist organization at the time. He remained in the party after it became known as the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party; NSDAP) and went on to become the second commander of the Schutzstaffel (SS) from April 1926 to March 1927.\nAfter resigning as the SS leader, Berchtold spent much of his time writing for Nazi magazines and journals. He survived the war, but was arrested by the Allies. Berchtold was later released and died in 1962. He was the last surviving person to hold the rank of Reichsf\u00fchrer-SS and the only one to survive the Second World War.", "Q124583": "D\u00fczen Tekkal (born September 2, 1978) is a German journalist, author and documentary filmmaker/director of Kurdish-Yazidi descent. She is also the founder and current chairwoman of the non-profit organization H\u00e1war.\n\n", "Q190998": "Anjelica Huston (; born July 8, 1951) is an American actress, director, producer, author, and former fashion model. Huston was the third generation of her family to receive an Academy Award, when she won Best Supporting Actress for her performance in 1985's Prizzi's Honor. She joined her father, director John Huston, and grandfather, actor Walter Huston, in gaining this recognition. She received Academy Award nominations for her performances in Enemies: A Love Story (1989) and The Grifters (1990), for Best Supporting Actress and Best Actress, respectively.\nHuston earned BAFTA nominations for her work in two films directed by Woody Allen: Crimes and Misdemeanors (1989) and Manhattan Murder Mystery (1993). She received acclaim for her portrayal of the Grand High Witch in the 1990 film adaptation of Roald Dahl's The Witches, and earned two Golden Globe nominations for starring as Morticia Addams in The Addams Family (1991) and its sequel Addams Family Values (1993). \nIn the 21st century, she had frequently worked with director Wes Anderson; their collaborations have included The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004), and The Darjeeling Limited (2007).\nOn television, Huston has had recurring roles on Huff (2006), Medium (2008\u201309), and Transparent (2015\u201316). She won a Gracie Award for her portrayal of Eileen Rand on Smash (2012\u201313).\nHuston made her directorial debut with the 1996 film Bastard Out of Carolina. This was followed by Agnes Browne (1999), in which she also starred. She has written two memoirs: A Story Lately Told and Watch Me.", "Q715505": "James Edwin Gunn (born July 12, 1923) is an American science fiction writer, editor, scholar, and anthologist. His work as an editor of anthologies includes the six-volume Road to Science Fiction series. He won the Hugo Award for \"Best Related Work\" in 1983 and he has won or been nominated for several other awards for his non-fiction works in the field of science fiction studies. The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America made him its 24th Grand Master in 2007 and he was inducted by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame in 2015. His novel The Immortals was adapted into a 1969-71 TV series starring Christopher George.Gunn is a professor emeritus of English, and the founding director of the Center for the Study of Science Fiction, both at the University of Kansas.", "Q110626": "Hans Friedrich Wilhelm Hugo Koeppen (July 31, 1876 in Minden \u2013 July 10, 1948 in Berlin) was an officer in the Prussian army, the German Reichswehr, and a participant in the first car race around the world.", "Q951010": "Francis Russell \"Frank\" O'Hara (March 27, 1926 \u2013 July 25, 1966) was an American writer, poet, and art critic. Because of his employment as a curator at the Museum of Modern Art, O'Hara became prominent in New York City's art world. O'Hara is regarded as a leading figure in the New York School\u2014an informal group of artists, writers, and musicians who drew inspiration from jazz, surrealism, abstract expressionism, action painting, and contemporary avant-garde art movements.\nO'Hara's poetry is personal in tone and content, and has been described as sounding \"like entries in a diary\". Poet and critic Mark Doty has said O'Hara's poetry is \"urbane, ironic, sometimes genuinely celebratory and often wildly funny\" containing \"material and associations alien to academic verse\" such as \"the camp icons of movie stars of the twenties and thirties, the daily landscape of social activity in Manhattan, jazz music, telephone calls from friends\". O'Hara's writing sought to capture in his poetry the immediacy of life, feeling that poetry should be \"between two persons instead of two pages.\"The Collected Poems of Frank O'Hara edited by Donald Allen (Knopf, 1971), the first of several posthumous collections, shared the 1972 National Book Award for Poetry.", "Q505962": "Grigore Preoteasa (August 25, 1915 \u2013 November 4, 1957) was a Romanian communist activist, journalist, and politician, who served as Communist Romania's Minister of Foreign Affairs between October 4, 1955 and the time of his death.", "Q98494": "Lukas Hemleb (born 1960 in Bad Homburg vor der H\u00f6he) is a German director of plays and operas, scenic designer, and librettist.", "Q3085731": "Fran\u00e7ois Rollier (1915\u20131992), educated and when younger employed as a lawyer, joined the Michelin company in 1956. He was a leading director of Michelin between 1966 and 1991 alongside his cousin, Fran\u00e7ois Michelin and, from 1986, Ren\u00e9 Zingraff. \nOn 24 June 1970 Rollier became chairman of Citro\u00ebn, an automobile manufacturer and leading customer of the Michelin tire company in the 1930s. Citro\u00ebn had run out of cash, and thereby been acquired by the tire supplier to which it was at the time heavily indebted. Rollier became Citroen Chairman at a time when the company had recently plugged a gaping gap in its range with the launch of the Citro\u00ebn GS and was consequently seen by Rollier and others to be at the start of a trajectory towards profitability. The oil price shock of the early 1970s would see the company returning to heavy losses and Michelin ceding control over it to rival auto-maker Peugeot in 1975.\nRollier retired in 1991, and was replaced at the helm of Michelin by \u00c9douard Michelin.\nFran\u00e7ois Rollier was the father of current Michelin director Michel Rollier.", "Q45839": "Memoirs of a Geisha is a 2005 American epic drama film based on the novel of the same name by Arthur Golden, produced by Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment and Spyglass Entertainment and by Douglas Wick's Red Wagon Entertainment. Directed by Rob Marshall, the film was released in the United States on December 9, 2005 by Columbia Pictures and DreamWorks Pictures; the latter was given studio credit only. It stars Ziyi Zhang, Ken Watanabe, Gong Li, Michelle Yeoh, Youki Kudoh, Suzuka Ohgo and Samantha Futerman. Production took place in southern and northern California and in several locations in Kyoto, including the Kiyomizu temple and the Fushimi Inari shrine. The film tells the story of a young Japanese girl, Chiyo Sakamoto, who is sold by her impoverished family to a geisha house called an okiya. Chiyo is eventually transformed into a geisha and renamed \"Sayuri\", and becomes one of the most celebrated geisha of her time. But with this success, Sayuri also learns the secrets and sacrifices of the geisha lifestyle.\nThe film was released to mixed reviews from western critics and was moderately successful at the box office. It was also nominated for and won numerous awards, including nominations for six Academy Awards, and eventually won three: Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design. The acting, visuals, sets, costumes, and John Williams' musical score were praised, but the film was criticized for casting Chinese actresses as Japanese women and for its style over substance approach. The Japanese release of the film was titled Sayuri, the titular character's geisha name.", "Q311594": "Philippe Pinel (French: [pin\u025bl]; 20 April 1745 \u2013 25 October 1826) was a French physician who was instrumental in the development of a more humane psychological approach to the custody and care of psychiatric patients, referred to today as moral therapy. He also made notable contributions to the classification of mental disorders and has been described by some as \"the father of modern psychiatry\". An 1809 description of a case that Pinel recorded in the second edition of his textbook on insanity is regarded by some as the earliest evidence for the existence of the form of mental disorder later known as dementia praecox or schizophrenia, although Emil Kraepelin is generally accredited with its first conceptualisation.\n\n", "Q3017253": "Dave Smith is an American engineer and musician and founder of the synthesizer company Sequential. Smith was responsible for the first commercial polyphonic and microprocessor-controlled synthesizer, the Prophet-5, and later the multitimbral synthesizer. He is also referred to as the \"Father of MIDI\" for his role in the development of MIDI, now a standard interface protocol for electronic instruments and recording/pro audio equipment.", "Q158886": "Nuclear Blast is an independent record label and mail order record distributor with subsidiaries in Germany, the United States and Brazil. The record label was founded in 1987 by Markus Staiger in Germany. Originally releasing hardcore punk records, the label moved on to releasing albums by melodic death metal, grindcore, industrial metal, power metal and black metal bands, as well as tribute albums. It also distributes and promotes two post-hardcore/metalcore labels, SharpTone Records, focused on American scene, and Arising Empire, focused more on European bands.\nIn October 2018, French independent label Believe Digital acquired a majority stake in Nuclear Blast.", "Q23564": "Podgorica (UK: , US: ; Montenegrin Cyrillic and Serbian Cyrillic: \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430, pronounced [p\u01d2d\u0261oritsa]; lit.\u2009'\"[area] below Gorica\"', Gorica being the name of a hillock overlooking the city) is the capital and largest city of Montenegro.\nBetween 1946 and 1992\u2014in the period that Montenegro formed, as the Socialist Republic of Montenegro, part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)\u2014the city was known as Titograd (Montenegrin Cyrillic: \u0422\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 [t\u00eeto\u0261ra\u02d0d]) in honour of Josip Broz Tito.\nPodgorica's favourable position at the confluence of the Ribnica and Mora\u010da rivers and at the meeting-point of the fertile Zeta Plain and Bjelopavli\u0107i Valley has encouraged settlement. The city is close to winter skiing centres in the north and to seaside resorts on the Adriatic Sea.\nPodgorica Municipality covers 10.4% of Montenegro's territory and is home to 29.9% of the country's population. It is the nation's administrative centre and its economic, cultural, and educational focus.", "Q12961": "Nicolas Dupont-Aignan (French: [ni.k\u0254.la dy.p\u0254\u0303.\u025b\u0272.\u0251\u0303]; born 7 March 1961), sometimes referred to by his initials NDA, is a French politician serving as President of Debout la France since 2008. He has been the member of the National Assembly for Essonne's 8th constituency since 1997 and was previously Mayor of Yerres from 1995 to 2017.\nA member of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) party until January 2007, he then founded the Gaullist and souverainist party Debout la France (DLF; \"France Arise\") in November 2008, named Debout la R\u00e9publique until October 2014 and which is closely linked to the European political party Europeans United for Democracy. He ran for President of France in 2012 and 2017 and endorsed the runner-up Marine Le Pen in the 2017 second round.", "Q4921138": "Gulshan Kumar Dua (5 May 1956 \u2013 12 August 1997), was an Indian businessman who was the founder of the T-Series music label (Super Cassettes Industries Ltd.), and a Bollywood movie producer. He founded T-Series in the 1980s and established it as a leading record label in the 1990s.\nIn 1997, he was murdered by the Mumbai underworld syndicate D-Company. After his death, T-Series has since been run by his younger brother Krishan Kumar and son Bhushan Kumar. His daughter Tulsi Kumar and Khushali Kumar are also famous playback singers.", "Q116257": "Albert Elmer Austin (November 15, 1877 \u2013 January 26, 1942) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1939 to 1941 and member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from 1917 to 1919 and from 1921 to 1923. He was the stepfather of Clare Boothe Luce.", "Q3210590": "La Marseillaise (1869\u201370) was a French weekly newspaper created by Henri Rochefort. It was first published on 19 December 1869. The writing staff included Paschal Grousset, Arthur Arnould, Gustave Flourens, Jules Vall\u00e8s and Victor Noir. The paper was headquartered in Paris.", "Q328315": "Cary Guffey (born May 10, 1972) is a former American child actor. He is best remembered for his debut in the role of Barry Guiler in the film Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977).", "Q254962": "Sarah Nicole Harding (born Sarah Nicole Hardman; 17 November 1981) is an English singer, model and actress. She rose to fame in late 2002 when she auditioned for the ITV reality series Popstars: The Rivals. The programme announced that Harding had won a place as a member of the girl group, Girls Aloud. The group achieved twenty consecutive top ten singles (including four number ones) in the UK, six studio albums that were certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), two of which went to number one in the UK, and accumulated a total of five BRIT Award nominations. In 2009, Girls Aloud won \"Best Single\" with their song \"The Promise\".\nDuring the group's break, Harding began acting, appearing in Bad Day, the BBC television film Freefall, Run for Your Wife, and St. Trinian's 2: The Legend of Fritton's Gold. Harding contributed three solo songs to the soundtrack of St. Trinian's 2. She has also modelled for Ultimo lingerie. In late 2012, she reunited with Girls Aloud to celebrate their tenth anniversary. In early 2013, they announced that they had split up. In 2015, the singer briefly appeared in Coronation Street, and released her first extended play, Threads. On 25 August 2017, she was announced as the winner of Celebrity Big Brother 20, with 35.33% of the final vote.\n\n", "Q2915113": "Rafi (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05b7\u05e4\u05b4\"\u05d9, an acronym for Reshimat Poalei Yisrael (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05b0\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05de\u05b8\u05ea \u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc), lit. Israeli Workers List) was a center-left political party in Israel, founded by former Prime Minister, David Ben-Gurion in 1965. In 1968 it was one of three parties that merged to form the Israeli Labor Party.", "Q440594": "Alexandra Lencastre (born Maria Alexandra de Alencastre Telo Teod\u00f3sio Pedrosa on September 26, 1965) is a Portuguese actress.\n\n", "Q6199": "Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that rejects all involuntary, coercive forms of hierarchy. It radically calls for the abolition of the state which it holds to be undesirable, unnecessary and harmful.\nThe timeline of anarchism stretches back to prehistory when people lived in anarchistic societies long before the establishment of formal states, kingdoms or empires. With the rise of organised hierarchical bodies, skepticism towards authority also rose, but it was not until the 19th century that a self-conscious political movement was formed. During the latest half of 19th and the first decades of 20th century, the anarchist movement flourished in most parts of the world and had a significant role in worker's struggles for emancipation. Various branches of anarchism were espoused during those times. Anarchists took part in several revolutions, most notably in the Spanish Civil War, where they were crushed by the fascist forces in 1939, marking the end of the classical era of anarchism. In the last decades of the 20th century and into the 21st century, the anarchist movement has been resurgent once more.\nAnarchism employs various tactics in order to meet its ideal ends; these can be broadly separated in revolutionary and evolutionary tactics. There is significant overlap between the two legs which are merely descriptive. Revolutionary tactics aim to bring down authority and state, and have taken a violent turn in the past. Evolutionary tactics aim to prefigure what an anarchist society would be like. Anarchist thought, criticism and praxis has played a part in diverse fields of human society.\nCriticism of anarchism mainly focuses on it being internally inconsistent, violent and utopian.", "Q1016720": "Ji'an (Chinese: \u96c6\u5b89; pinyin: J\u00ed'\u0101n; formerly simplified Chinese: \u8f91\u5b89; traditional Chinese: \u8f2f\u5b89; pinyin: J\u00ed'\u0101n) is a county-level city in the southwestern part of Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It is administered by the prefecture-level city of Tonghua and is the southernmost county-level division in the province. Ji'an has an area of 3,408 km2 (1,316 sq mi) and a population of approximately 230,000. The city was given its current status in 1988. Ji'an is separated from Manpo, Chagang Province, North Korea by the Yalu River; it has an international border running 203.5 km (126.4 mi).", "Q273311": "Monica Enid Dickens, MBE (10 May 1915 \u2013 25 December 1992) was an English writer, the great-granddaughter of Charles Dickens.", "Q311580": "Eric Johnson (born August 17, 1954) is an American guitarist, vocalist, composer, and multi-instrumentalist. His 1990 album Ah Via Musicom was certified platinum by the RIAA, and the single \"Cliffs of Dover\" won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance.Best known for his electric guitar skills, Johnson is also a highly proficient acoustic, lap steel, resonator, and bass guitarist, as well as an accomplished pianist and vocalist. He plays many musical genres, including rock, blues, jazz fusion, soul, folk, new-age, classical, and country. Guitar Player magazine has called him \"one of the most respected guitarists on the planet.\"\n\n", "Q88693": "Theodor D\u00f6ring (9 January 1803 \u2013 17 August 1878) was a German actor.\nD\u00f6ring was born in Warsaw and settled with his family in 1807 in Prenzlau. He attended high school in Berlin. He found work as an actor, later working in Hamburg in 1834. He received a lifetime contract at the Berlin Hoftheater. He retired 15 June 1878 and died one month later in Berlin.", "Q437708": "John Loudon McAdam (23 September 1756 \u2013 26 November 1836) was a Scottish civil engineer and road-builder. He was the inventor of \"macadamisation\", an effective and economical method of constructing roads.", "Q286830": "Friday the 13th: A New Beginning is a 1985 American slasher film directed by Danny Steinmann and starring Melanie Kinnaman, John Shepherd, and Shavar Ross. It is the fifth installment in the Friday the 13th film series. The film is set at a fictional halfway house, where an adult Tommy Jarvis\u2014who killed Jason Voorhees as a child\u2014again fears for his life when a new hockey-masked assailant begins a series of brutal murders. The film features a cameo appearance from Corey Feldman, who portrayed Tommy in the previous film.A New Beginning features a high number of on-screen murders. Aside from its gore and violence, the film has also become known for its explicit nudity and sex scenes, as well as frequent drug use. Peter Bracke's book Crystal Lake Memories: The Complete History of Friday the 13th details that behind the scenes, the production was plagued with hardcore drug use.\nShot in California in 1984 on a budget of $2.2 million, A New Beginning was released theatrically on March 22, 1985, and grossed $22 million at the U.S. box office. The film was initially going to set up a new trilogy of films with a different villain for the series but, after a disappointing reception from fans and a steep decline in box-office receipts from Friday the 13th Part III and Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter, Jason Voorhees was brought back for the next installment Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives and has been the main antagonist in the series since. In addition to weak box office returns, most critics gave the film negative reviews.", "Q65525": "Fischingen is a municipality in the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q275760": "Henry Armetta (born Enrico Armetta; July 4, 1888 \u2013 October 21, 1945) was an American character actor who appeared in at least 150 American films, beginning in silent movies. His last film was released posthumously in 1946, the year after his death.", "Q436416": "Lucjan Wilhelm Wolanowski (Lucjan Kon; February 26, 1920 in Warsaw, Poland \u2013 February 20, 2006 in Warsaw), pseudonyms: Wilk; Waldemar Mruczkowski; W. Lucja\u0144ski; (L.W.); lu; Lu; (lw); WOL., Polish journalist, writer and traveller.\nBorn into an intellectual family. Son of Henryk Kon (lawyer) and R\u00f3\u017ca Wolanowska, the great-grandson of Majer Wolanowski (1844\u20131900), the well-known Polish manufacturer. His sister, El\u017cbieta (Kon) Wassongowa (1908\u20132007) was a Polish translator and book editor.\nWolanowski studied chemistry at the Grenoble Polytechnical Institute (France 1938-1939), but the outbreak of World War II caught him during a vacation in his homeland. During World War II he fought as a soldier of the Polish clandestine resistance movement Home Army, and he acted as literary contributor to the Polish underground press.\nAfter the war he worked with the Polish Press Agency (from 1945); he was a commentator from various conferences for journalists in the Foreign Secretary in Warsaw. In this period he met such famous people as Edward R. Murrow, Sydney Gruson, Flora Lewis, Larry Allen, Vicent Buist or Pierre Marechal, who were correspondents in Poland then. He worked as a journalist at the weekly magazine Przekr\u00f3j (1945\u20131950); the illustrated weekly \u015awiat (The World, 1951\u20131969); the magazine Dooko\u0142a \u015bwiata (1969\u20131976) and with the magazine Magazyn Polski (1976\u20131988).\nHe joined a ship-rescue operation in a Norwegian fiord, made a long trip aboard an Icelandic cutter in North Atlantic waters. He went on five trips around the world (1960\u20131972) and also visited the Pacific region \u2013 he visited Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Papua and New Guinea, West Irian, French Polynesia, Fiji, Hong-Kong and Singapore; accredited to the headquarters of the UN Troops in New Guinea during the landing operation (1962\u20131963); as the US stipendist (he was granted a scholarship United States Department of State - \"Program for Leaders\"), he belonged to the team of reporters (as the only reporter from the Eastern Bloc) to cover the take off of the space vessel Gemini 5 in 1965 (Cape Kennedy, Florida); he acted as advisor to the World Health Organization Information Department in Geneva, then in a similar capacity at the WHO branches in New Delhi, Bangkok and Manila 1967\u20131968. He traveled aboard an Australian light-house tender m.v. Cape Moreton, servicing light-houses on the small Coral Sea islands and took part in an Australian whaling expedition. Was rescued by black-trackers during his wanderings across the Kimberley desert.\nHe wrote 25 books, translated into 7 languages and depicting mainly his travels. He did not specialize in economics or in politics, but always looked for \"the human side of the story\" and tred to see for himself the things he was going to write about. All his books are illustrated by pictures he shot himself.\nMember of the Association of Polish Journalists (1951\u20131982 and 1991\u20132006), of the Polish Writers Union (1959\u20131983), of the Polish PEN Club (1971\u20132006), of the Association of Polish Writers (1989\u20132006); former member of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS; 1945\u20131948), and of the Polish United Workers Party (PZPR; 1948\u20131980).\nDistinctions: Order of the Romania Star (1949), Award of the Polish Club of International Publicists (1962); Prize of the Polish Journalists Association for the Best Book of the Year (1973); the Cavalier's Cross of Polonia Restituta; the Golden Cross of Merit; Honorary Citizen of Springfield, United States (1965).", "Q4121020": "Sir John \"Jack\" Stewart-Clark, 3rd Baronet (born 17 September 1929) is a British businessman and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP). He represented the Conservative and Unionist Party in the European Parliament from 1979 until 1999.", "Q4802087": "Arun Firodia (born 1943) is an Indian businessman. He is the chairman of Kinetic Group, India's leading manufacturers and exporters of two wheelers. Arun Firodia obtained his B.Tech with distinction in Electrical Engineering from IIT, Mumbai in 1965. He later went to US and obtained his M.S. in Electrical Engineering from MIT. He completed his M.S. in Management from Sloan School of Management.He was awarded the Padmashri, fourth highest civilian award of India, in 2012.", "Q61743": "Carl Adam Petri (12 July 1926 in Leipzig \u2013 2 July 2010) was a German mathematician and computer scientist.", "Q276269": "Joseph Anthony Mantegna (; born November 13, 1947) is an American actor, producer, writer, and director.\nMantegna began his career on stage in 1969 with the musical Hair. He earned a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play and a Joseph Jefferson Award for portraying Richard Roma in the first American productions of David Mamet's Pulitzer Prize\u2013winning play Glengarry Glen Ross, the first of many collaborations with Mamet. His long-standing association with Mamet includes the premieres of A Life in the Theatre, The Disappearance of the Jews and Speed-the-Plow on Broadway. Mantegna also directed a highly lauded production of Mamet's Lakeboat, which enjoyed a successful theatrical run in Los Angeles. He later directed the film version of Lakeboat. In addition to theatrical appearances directed by Mamet, Mantegna appeared in Mamet's films House of Games (1987), Things Change (1988), Homicide (1991), and Redbelt (2008).\nIn film and on television, Mantegna is best known for his roles in box office hits such as Three Amigos (1986), The Godfather Part III (1990), Forget Paris (1995), and Up Close and Personal (1996). He starred in the television series First Monday (2002) and Joan of Arcadia (2003\u20132005). He has earned Emmy Award nominations for his roles in three different miniseries: The Last Don (1997), The Rat Pack (1998), and The Starter Wife (2007). He has also served as executive producer for various movies and television movies, including Corduroy (1984), Hoods (1998), and Lakeboat (2000), which he also directed. Additionally, he played Robert B. Parker's fictional detective Spenser in three made-for-TV movies between 1999 and 2001, and has narrated a number of audiobook readings of the Spenser novels. From 2007 to 2020, he starred in the CBS television series Criminal Minds as FBI Supervisory Special Agent David Rossi. Beginning with the 1991 episode \"Bart the Murderer\", Mantegna has voiced the recurring role of mob boss Fat Tony on the animated series The Simpsons, as well as The Simpsons Movie (2007).", "Q3320335": "Joan Puigcerc\u00f3s (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8an \u02ccput\u0283s\u0259\u027e\u02c8kos]; born 2 December 1966 in Ripoll, Spain) is a Spanish Catalan politician who had served as president of the Republican Left of Catalonia (2008\u20132011). He studied philosophy and political science at the UAB.", "Q181881": "Rino Sashihara (\u6307\u539f \u8389\u4e43, Sashihara Rino, born November 21, 1992) is a Japanese singer, producer and actress. She is best known as a former member of idol groups HKT48, concurrently acting as the HKT48 theater manager, AKB48 and STU48. She was also a member of AKB48's unit Not Yet and is the producer of the idol groups =LOVE and \u2260ME.", "Q560122": "Anna Di Lellio is a sociologist, journalist and former United Nations consultant. She has written on a number of topics relating to the United Nations' presence in Kosovo and Iraq. She graduated with a Ph.D. in Sociology from Columbia University and a Masters in Public Policy and International Affairs from New York University.She worked for the UN World Food Program as a consultant in Kosovo and East Timor during the 1999 emergencies and later in 2003 as the political advisor to the UN Kosovo Police Corps Coordinator. From 2001 through 2003, she was the Temporary Media Commissioner of Kosovo for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OSCE). In this capacity, she authored two reports on media law and policy in post-conflict areas. On her return to New York, she was appointed as Director of Communications to Paul Volcker's inquiry into possible corruption in the Iraqi Oil for Food program. She resigned her post in September 2004 following a controversy over a 2002 newspaper article in The Guardian in which she criticized George W. Bush and Silvio Berlusconi.She is the editor of the book The Case for Kosova: Passage to Independence, an anthology of essays on the future of Kosovo.", "Q68001": "Torricella-Taverne is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q653236": "Alastair John Campbell (born 25 May 1957) is a British journalist, broadcaster, political aide and author. He worked as Tony Blair's spokesman and campaign director (1994\u20131997), followed by Downing Street Press Secretary (1997\u20132000), for Labour Prime Minister Tony Blair. He then became Downing Street Director of Communications and spokesman for the Labour Party (2000\u20132003). He resigned in August 2003. He published his fifteenth book in 2018.\nHe is the editor at large of The New European and chief interviewer for GQ magazine. He continues to act as a consultant strategist and as an ambassador for Time To Change and other mental health charities. He was an adviser to the People's Vote campaign, demanding a public vote on the final Brexit deal. Since his work for Blair, Campbell has continued to act as a freelance advisor to a number of governments and political parties, including the Prime Minister of Albania, whose Socialist Party coalition won a landslide at the 2013 Albanian election. In June 2017, Edi Rama was re-elected with an even larger mandate, and invited Campbell to continue to act as an adviser for his second term in office.On 26 May 2019, Campbell announced he had voted for the Liberal Democrats in the European Parliamentary elections, and then two days later he announced that he had been informed by the Labour Party that he had been \"automatically expelled\", citing \"voting for or otherwise supporting another party which were 'incompatible' with membership according to Party rules\". Campbell stated that he intended to appeal against his expulsion, but in 19 July he wrote an open letter to Jeremy Corbyn, saying he no longer wished to rejoin the party. He voted Labour in the 2019 general election, having been part of a failed tactical voting campaign aimed at preventing Boris Johnson from winning a majority.", "Q434201": "Victoria Lee McClure (born 8 May 1983) is an English actress, model and presenter. She is best known for her roles as Detective Inspector Kate Fleming in the BBC series Line of Duty (2012\u2013present) and Lol Jenkins in Shane Meadows' film This Is England (2006) and its Channel 4 spin-off mini-series This is England '86 (2010), This Is England '88 (2011), and This Is England '90 (2015). Before This is England, she appeared in another of Meadows' films, A Room for Romeo Brass (1999), where she played Ladine. She won the RTS Award and BAFTA Television Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Lol in This is England '86 in 2011.\nMcClure is also well known for her role as Karen White in ITV's Broadchurch, and other roles such as in Filth and Wisdom (2008), Hummingbird (2013), Svengali (2013), and The Replacement (2017).", "Q548876": "Napoleon is a 2002 historical miniseries which explored the life of Napoleon Bonaparte. It was the most expensive television miniseries in Europe up to that time, costing an equivalent of (USD) $46,330,000 to produce. The miniseries covered Napoleon's military successes and failures, including the battles of Eylau, Austerlitz, Waterloo and the retreat from Russia. It also delved into Napoleon's personal life: his marriage to and divorce from Josephine de Beauharnais, his marriage to Marie Louise, the Duchess of Parma and daughter of Francis II, and his affairs with Eleanore Denuelle and Marie Walewska. The series draws from Bonaparte historian Max Gallo's bestseller.\nThe miniseries was produced by GMT Productions in France and co-produced by Transfilm in Canada and Spice Factory in the UK. In France it first aired October 7, 2002 on France 2, in Quebec it ran from February 2 to February 23, 2003 on Super \u00c9cran and was then re-aired on T\u00e9l\u00e9vision de Radio-Canada. In the United States, it aired on the Arts and Entertainment (A&E) channel.", "Q67332": "Grengiols is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.", "Q4729627": "All She Was Worth is a crime novel by Miyuki Miyabe. It was originally published under the Japanese title \"Kasha\" (Japanese: \u706b\u8eca).", "Q1607476": "Henrik Johan Bull (13 October 1844 \u2013 1 June 1930 ) was a Norwegian businessman and whaler. Henry Bull was one of the pioneers in the exploration of Antarctica.", "Q3609222": "Aldo Garzanti (1883 in Forl\u00ec - 1961 in San Pellegrino Terme) was an Italian entrepreneur and publisher.", "Q115992": "Abraham Emanuel Fr\u00f6hlich (1 February 1796, Brugg, Aargau \u2013 1 December 1865) was a Swiss poet.", "Q181659": "Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (; October 21, 1929 \u2013 January 22, 2018) was an American author best known for her works of speculative fiction, including science fiction works set in her Hainish universe, and the Earthsea fantasy series. She was first published in 1959, and her literary career spanned nearly sixty years, yielding more than twenty novels and over a hundred short stories, in addition to poetry, literary criticism, translations, and children's books. Frequently described as an author of science fiction, Le Guin has also been called a \"major voice in American Letters\", and herself said she would prefer to be known as an \"American novelist\".Le Guin was born in Berkeley, California, to author Theodora Kroeber and anthropologist Alfred Louis Kroeber. Having earned a master's degree in French, Le Guin began doctoral studies but abandoned these after her marriage in 1953 to historian Charles Le Guin. She began writing full-time in the late 1950s and achieved major critical and commercial success with A Wizard of Earthsea (1968) and The Left Hand of Darkness (1969), which have been described by Harold Bloom as her masterpieces. For the latter volume, Le Guin won both the Hugo and Nebula awards for best novel, becoming the first woman to do so. Several more works set in Earthsea or the Hainish universe followed; others included books set in the fictional country of Orsinia, several works for children, and many anthologies.\nCultural anthropology, Taoism, feminism, and the writings of Carl Jung all had a strong influence on Le Guin's work. Many of her stories used anthropologists or cultural observers as protagonists, and Taoist ideas about balance and equilibrium have been identified in several writings. Le Guin often subverted typical speculative fiction tropes, such as through her use of dark-skinned protagonists in Earthsea, and also used unusual stylistic or structural devices in books such as the experimental work Always Coming Home (1985). Social and political themes, including race, gender, sexuality, and coming of age were prominent in her writing, and she explored alternative political structures in many stories, such as in the parable \"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas\" (1973) and the utopian novel The Dispossessed (1974).\nLe Guin's writing was enormously influential in the field of speculative fiction, and has been the subject of intense critical attention. She received numerous accolades, including eight Hugos, six Nebulas, and twenty-two Locus Awards, and in 2003 became the second woman honored as a Grand Master of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. The U.S. Library of Congress named her a Living Legend in 2000, and in 2014, she won the National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. Le Guin influenced many other authors, including Booker Prize winner Salman Rushdie, David Mitchell, Neil Gaiman, and Iain Banks. After her death in 2018, critic John Clute wrote that Le Guin had \"presided over American science fiction for nearly half a century\", while author Michael Chabon referred to her as the \"greatest American writer of her generation\".", "Q221457": "Congress Poland or Russian Poland, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland, was a polity created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a sovereign Polish state. It was established in the Russian sector after Poland was partitioned by the Habsburg Monarchy, Russia and Prussia. Until the November Uprising in 1831, the kingdom was in a personal union with the tsars of Russia. Thereafter, the state was forcibly integrated into the Russian Empire over the course of the 19th century. In 1915, during World War I, it was replaced by the Central Powers with the nominal Regency Kingdom of Poland, until Poland regained independence in 1918. \nFollowing the partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland ceased to exist as an independent state for 123 years. The territory, with its native population, was split between the Habsburg Monarchy, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Russian Empire. After 1804, an equivalent to Congress Poland within the Austrian Empire was the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, also commonly referred to as \"Austrian Poland\". The area incorporated into Prussia and subsequently the German Empire had little autonomy and was merely a province \u2013 the Province of Posen.\nThe Kingdom of Poland enjoyed considerable political autonomy as guaranteed by the liberal constitution. However, its rulers, the Russian Emperors, generally disregarded any restrictions on their power. It was, therefore, little more than a puppet state of the Russian Empire. The autonomy was severely curtailed following uprisings in 1830\u201331 and 1863, as the country became governed by viceroys, and later divided into governorates (provinces). Thus, from the start, Polish autonomy remained little more than fiction.The capital was located in Warsaw, which towards the beginning of the 20th century became the Russian Empire's third-largest city after St. Petersburg and Moscow. The moderately multicultural population of Congress Poland was estimated at 9,402,253 inhabitants in 1897. It was mostly composed of Poles, Polish Jews, ethnic Germans and a small Russian minority. The predominant religion was Roman Catholicism and the official language used within the state was Polish until the 1863 January Uprising when Russian became co-official. Yiddish and German were widely spoken by its native speakers. \nThe territory of Congress Poland roughly corresponds to modern-day Kalisz Region and the Lublin, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Masovian, Podlaskie and Holy Cross Voivodeships of Poland as well as southwestern Lithuania and part of Grodno District of Belarus.", "Q66992": "Heinz Berggruen (6 January 1914 \u2013 23 February 2007) was a German art dealer and collector who sold 165 works of art to the German federal government to form the core of the Berggruen Museum in Berlin, Germany.", "Q49971": "Virginia \"Ginni\" Marie Rometty (born July 29, 1957) is an American business executive, serving as executive chairman of IBM. She previously served as chairman, president and CEO of IBM, becoming the first woman to head the company. Prior to becoming president and CEO in January 2012, she first joined IBM as a systems engineer in 1981 and subsequently headed global sales, marketing, and strategy. While general manager of IBM's global services division, in 2002 she helped negotiate IBM's purchase of PricewaterhouseCoopers IT consulting business, becoming known for her work integrating the two companies. As CEO, she focused IBM on analytics, cloud computing, and cognitive computing systems.Rometty's tenure as IBM's CEO was marked by noteworthy awards, including by Bloomberg's 50 Most Influential People in the World, Fortune's \"50 Most Powerful Women in Business\", Time's 20 Most Important People in Tech and Forbes' America's Top 50 Women In Tech. Her tenure has also been met by fierce criticism relating to executive compensation bonuses, layoffs, outsourcing, and presiding over 24 consecutive quarters of revenue decline.", "Q913551": "The Social Democratic Party (Estonian: Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Erakond, SDE) is a social-democratic political party in Estonia, currently led by Indrek Saar.The party was formerly known as the Moderate People's Party (Estonian: Rahvaerakond M\u00f5\u00f5dukad). The SDE has been a member of the Party of European Socialists since 16 May 2003 and was a member of the Socialist International from November 1990 to 2017.", "Q364679": "William Reynolds Archer Jr. (born March 22, 1928) is a retired American lawyer and politician. Archer served two terms, from 1967 to 1971, in the Texas House of Representatives \u2013 changing from the Democratic to the Republican party in 1969 \u2013 and later represented Texas in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican for 30 years, from 1971 until 2001, serving for his last six years as chairman of the powerful House Ways and Means Committee.", "Q71236": "Maria Euphrosyne of Zweibr\u00fccken (14 February 1625, Stegeborg Castle, \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland \u2013 24 October 1687, H\u00f6jentorp Castle, V\u00e4sterg\u00f6tland), was a countess palatine, a cousin and foster-sibling of Queen Christina of Sweden, and a sister of King Charles X of Sweden. She was also, after the accession of her brother Charles X on the throne (1654), a titular Royal Princess of Sweden.\n\n", "Q354962": "Jeroen van der Veer (born 27 October 1947) is a Dutch businessman. He is the chairman of Philips, and the former chief executive officer (CEO) of Royal Dutch Shell.\n\n", "Q435679": "Judy Kay \"Juice\" Newton (born February 18, 1952) is an American pop and country singer, songwriter, and musician. To date, Newton has received five Grammy Award nominations in the Pop and Country Best Female Vocalist categories - winning once in 1983 - as well as an ACM Award for Top New Female Artist and two Billboard Female Album Artist of the Year awards (won consecutively). Newton's other awards include a People's Choice Award for \"Best Female Vocalist\" and the Australian Music Media's \"Number One International Country Artist.\"\nNewton has several Gold and Platinum records to her credit, including Juice, Quiet Lies and her first Greatest Hits album. During the 1980s, she charted 14 Top-10 hits across the Billboard Country, AC, and Billboard Hot 100 charts, with many of the recordings achieving crossover success and six of the songs hitting the No. 1 position.", "Q175900": "Meiko Kaji (\u68b6 \u82bd\u8863\u5b50, Kaji Meiko, born March 24, 1947) is a Japanese actress and singer. She has appeared in about 100 films, with her most famous roles being outlaw characters in early 1970s films, such as the rebels of the Stray Cat Rock series, the assassin Lady Snowblood, and the murderous Nami Matsushima from the Female Prisoner 701: Scorpion series.", "Q38150": "David McWane (born November 18, 1976) is an American musician, writer, and filmmaker, best known as the lead singer of Boston-based ska punk band Big D and the Kids Table. He has published several books of poetry and has written short stories and screenplays that are public on his website.", "Q986984": "Prudnik [\u02c8prud\u0272ik] (listen) (Czech: Prudn\u00edk, German: Neustadt in Oberschlesien, Latin: Prudnicium, Silesian: Prud\u0144ik) is a town in Poland, located in the southern part of Opole Voivodeship near the border with the Czech Republic. It is the administrative seat of Prudnik County and Gmina Prudnik. Its population numbers 21,368 inhabitants (2016). Since 2015, Prudnik is a member of the Cittaslow International.The town was founded in the 1250s, and was historically part of the Polish-ruled Duchy of Opole, and afterwards was located within the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland, Habsburg Monarchy again, Prussia, Germany, and eventually Poland again. It was once an important industrial hub known for its shoe-making traditions and more recently towel making by the ZPB \"Frotex\" Company, one of the largest towel manufacturers in Europe. The town also possesses numerous architectural monuments and historic buildings such as the Main Town Hall and \"Wok's Tower\" (Wie\u017ca Woka) from the 14th-century.", "Q186888": "The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (Karelo-Finnish SSR; Finnish: Karjalais-suomalainen sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta ; Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043b\u043e-\u0424\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, tr. Karelo-Finskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also called Soviet Karelia or simply known as Karelia, was a republic of the Soviet Union. It existed from 1940 until it was made part of the Russian SFSR in 1956 as the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The latter became the Republic of Karelia, a federal subject of Russia, on November 13, 1991.", "Q61025": "Josef Bl\u00f6sche (12 February 1912 \u2013 29 July 1969) was an Austrian member of the Nazi Party who served in the SS and SD during World War II. Bl\u00f6sche became known to the world because of a famous photograph taken during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising which portrays a surrendering little boy in the foreground, and Bl\u00f6sche as the SS man who is facing the boy with a sub-machine gun in hand. He was sentenced to death and executed in Leipzig on 29 July 1969.", "Q1273666": "Entertainment One Music (stylized as eOne Music) is a music company owned by Entertainment One in the United States. eOne distributes its own digital content, with physical distribution handled by ADA in the U.S. and German indie SPV GmbH in Europe.Entertainment One Music has 125 employees with offices around the world (New York, Nashville, Los Angeles, Toronto, London, Hamburg and Melbourne) and has a roster of over 150 artists. Its rights library includes more than 80,000 hours of film and television content, approximately 40,000 music tracks and includes the labels Dualtone (Lumineers), Last Gang (Arkells, Mondo Cozmo), Light Records and Death Row (Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Tupac). With the acquisition of Round Room Entertainment, the company includes live entertainment production as part of its portfolio. eOne\u2019s management group represents over 50 artists including Jax Jones, The Black Madonna and Arkells.", "Q112743": "Melika Foroutan (born 1976 in Tehran, Iran) is a German-Iranian actress.", "Q84917": "Christian Michelides (born July 19, 1957) is an Austrian psychotherapist. He is the director of Lighthouse Wien.", "Q237235": "Edith Mary Pargeter (28 September 1913 \u2013 14 October 1995), also known by her nom de plume Ellis Peters, was an English author of works in many categories, especially history and historical fiction, and was also honoured for her translations of Czech classics. She is probably best known for her murder mysteries, both historical and modern, and especially for her medieval detective series The Cadfael Chronicles.", "Q154716": "Jimi Constantine (born Konstantinos Jorma Hiekkanen, 31 December 1981) is a Finnish musician and actor. He was previously the vocalist and guitarist of the band Technicolour. He has also played with the bands Tyr\u00e4vy\u00f6, Clich\u00e9, and Kalle P\u00e4\u00e4talo. His previous artist name was Jimi P\u00e4\u00e4kallo. Constantine is also an actor, having appeared in the films A Long Hot Summer (1999), Pearls and Pigs (2003), and 8 Days to Premiere (2008), as well as the TV series Kallio (2010) and Salatut el\u00e4m\u00e4t (Secret Lives) (2000/2011).\nJimi was the primary songwriter in the band Technicolour and he has also composed music for Cristal Snow, Robin Packalen, Princess Avenue, and numerous Russian and Latvian artists. He has also produced songs for Pekko Haimin and Aikakone. He has collaborated with artists including Cheek, Uniikki, and Flowboysfamin, and contributed music to numerous film and television soundtracks.\nIn 2008, Jimi participated in the Tanssii t\u00e4htien kanssa (Dancing with the Stars) competition, Finland's version of the British show Strictly Come Dancing, and Suomen Pelkokerroin, the Finnish version of Fear Factor. He also took part in the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest with his song \"Party to Party\", but did not qualify.\nJimi's father, Markus Hiekkanen, is an archaeologist and medieval scholar.\nConstantine is a vegetarian. He has a large octopus tattooed on his left hand, two black ribbons around his right wrist, and a smaller octopus on his chest.\nHe founded his own record label, JCR Constant Music Oy.", "Q76559": "Martin Friedrich Rudolf von Delbr\u00fcck (16 April 1817 \u2013 1 February 1903) was a Prussian statesman at the time of Otto von Bismarck.", "Q1932956": "Mika V\u00e4yrynen (born 1967 in Helsinki, Finland) is an accordion artist.", "Q336881": "Melvyn Bragg, Baron Bragg, (born 6 October 1939), is an English broadcaster, author and parliamentarian. He is best known for his work with ITV as editor and presenter of The South Bank Show (1978\u20132010), and for the BBC Radio 4 discussion series In Our Time.\nEarlier in his career, Bragg worked for the BBC in various roles including presenter, a connection that resumed in 1988 when he began to host Start the Week on Radio 4. After his ennoblement in 1998, he switched to presenting the new In Our Time, an academic discussion radio programme, which has run to over 870 broadcast editions, and is a popular podcast. He was Chancellor of the University of Leeds from 1999 until 2017.", "Q24579": "\u00d6m\u00fcrbek Toktogulovich Babanov (Kyrgyz: \u04e8\u043c\u04af\u0440\u0431\u0435\u043a \u0422\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0422\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0443\u043b \u0443\u0443\u043b\u0443) \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u00d6m\u00fcrbek Toqto\u011fulovi\u00e7 (Toqto\u011ful uulu) Babanov, [\u0153myr\u02c8b\u025bk t\u0254kt\u0254\u02c8\u0263ul u\u02d0\u02c8lu b\u0251\u02c8b\u0251n\u0259f]; born 20 May 1970) is a Kyrgyz politician who was Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 1 December 2011 to 1 September 2012. Before his appointment as Prime Minister, he was Deputy Prime Minister in the Government of Almazbek Atambayev. He was also acting Prime Minister from 23 September 2011 until 14 November 2011, as the Prime Minister Atambayev was a candidate in the presidential election. He again became acting Prime Minister on 1 December 2011 when Atambayev took office as President. He was confirmed by Parliament on 23 December 2011. On 1 September 2012 Babanov resigned as Prime Minister.\nWith an estimated wealth of $1.5 billion, he is one of the richest people in Kyrgyzstan.Babanov participated in Kyrgyzstan's presidential election in 2017 as an independent. During a television debate, candidate Sooronbay Jeenbekov promised to imprison Babanov as part of a proposed fight against corruption. He came second to Jeenbekov with 33% of the vote.\nBabanov is half-Turkish and his wife is Kazakh. These facts were used to smear him during the 2017 election.", "Q55380": "Jan Englert (born 11 May 1943) is a Polish film actor. He has appeared in more than 60 films since 1957. Since 2003 he has served as Artistic Director of the National Theatre in Warsaw. \n\n", "Q101059": "Eva Ingeborg Scholz (born 16 February 1928) is a German film and television actress. She made her debut in the title role of the 1948 film 1-2-3 Corona and appeared regularly in films over the following decade. From the early 1960s she appeared increasingly in television, where she is still active. In 2018, she won the Deutscher Schauspielpreis (German Actors Award) for her appearance in the Tatort episode Die Liebe, ein seltsames Spiel.", "Q525318": "Michael Parks (born Harry Samuel Parks; April 24, 1940 \u2013 May 9, 2017) was an American singer and actor. He appeared in many films and made frequent television appearances, notably starring in the 1969\u201370 series Then Came Bronson, but was probably best known for his work in his later years with filmmakers such as Quentin Tarantino, David Lynch, Robert Rodriguez and Kevin Smith.\nAs of 2018\u20132019, Kevin Smith was producing a documentary on Michael's life titled Long Lonesome Highway, The Story of Michael Parks. It stars James Parks, Kurt Russell, Haley Joel Osment, Robert Rodriguez, Leonard Maltin, Mickey Rourke, Justin Long, Wyatt Russell, Mark Frost, and more.", "Q119616": "Roland Zoss (born August 2, 1951) is a songwriter and novelist. He studied anthropology and literature in Bern and Avignon. He lives in the Aeolian Islands", "Q337547": "Religion in ancient Rome includes the ancestral ethnic religion of the city of Rome that the Romans used to define themselves as a people, as well as the religious practices of peoples brought under Roman rule, in so far as they became widely followed in Rome and Italy. The Romans thought of themselves as highly religious, and attributed their success as a world power to their collective piety (pietas) in maintaining good relations with the gods. The Romans are known for the great number of deities they honored, a capacity that earned the mockery of early Christian polemicists.The presence of Greeks on the Italian peninsula from the beginning of the historical period influenced Roman culture, introducing some religious practices that became as fundamental as the cult of Apollo. The Romans looked for common ground between their major gods and those of the Greeks (interpretatio graeca), adapting Greek myths and iconography for Latin literature and Roman art, as the Etruscans had. Etruscan religion was also a major influence, particularly on the practice of augury. According to legends, most of Rome's religious institutions could be traced to its founders, particularly Numa Pompilius, the Sabine second king of Rome, who negotiated directly with the gods. This archaic religion was the foundation of the mos maiorum, \"the way of the ancestors\" or simply \"tradition\", viewed as central to Roman identity. \n\nRoman religion was practical and contractual, based on the principle of do ut des, \"I give that you might give\". Religion depended on knowledge and the correct practice of prayer, ritual, and sacrifice, not on faith or dogma, although Latin literature preserves learned speculation on the nature of the divine and its relation to human affairs. Even the most skeptical among Rome's intellectual elite such as Cicero, who was an augur, saw religion as a source of social order. As the Roman Empire expanded, migrants to the capital brought their local cults, many of which became popular among Italians. Christianity was in the end the most successful of these, and in 380 became the official state religion.\nFor ordinary Romans, religion was a part of daily life. Each home had a household shrine at which prayers and libations to the family's domestic deities were offered. Neighborhood shrines and sacred places such as springs and groves dotted the city. The Roman calendar was structured around religious observances. Women, slaves, and children all participated in a range of religious activities. Some public rituals could be conducted only by women, and women formed what is perhaps Rome's most famous priesthood, the state-supported Vestals, who tended Rome's sacred hearth for centuries, until disbanded under Christian domination.", "Q1313838": "Gene Dinwiddie (born Charles Eugene Dinwiddie: September 19, 1936 in Louisville, Kentucky, United States \u2013 January 11, 2002 in La Puente, Los Angeles, California, aged 65), was an American blues saxophonist, who is best known as a member of the Butterfield Blues Band.\nDinwiddie had played since the 1950s in both jazz and blues until, in 1967, the Butterfield Blues Band added a horn section. In this he remained until the band broke up in 1971, and afterwards he was still a member of the Butterfield Band spinoff group, Full Moon.\nIt also was during the 1960s that he was a member of the James Cotton Blues Band and worked in the 1970s as a session musician, amongst other musicians for, B. B. King, Paul Butterfield, Gregg Allman, Melissa Manchester and Jackie Lomax. In the 1990s, his work as a session musician continued. He can be heard, for example, on Etta James' Stickin' to My Guns (1990).", "Q1184": "Jharkhand (lit. \"Bushland\" or \"The land of forest\") is a state in eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Chhattisgarh to the west, Odisha to the south and West Bengal to the east. It has an area of 79,710 km2 (30,778 sq mi). It is the 15th largest state by area, and the 14th largest by population. Hindi is the official language of the state. The city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka its sub capital. The state is known for its waterfalls, hills and holy places; Baidyanath Dham, Parasnath and Rajrappa are major religious sites.The region has been inhabited since the Mesolithic-Chalcolithic period, as shown by several ancient cave paintings. Even evidence of use of iron started in this region as early as 1400 BCE. The region was under the rule of many sovereign and autonomous ruling dynasties including Maurya, Gupta, Gauda, Pala, Nagvanshi, Khayaravala, Ramgarh Raj, Raksel, Chero and Kharagdiha Zamindari estates.\nIn the 16th century Mughal influence reached the region, and it finally came under the East India Company in the 18th century.\nAfter the Independence of India, the region became part of Bihar state. There was demand for a separate state in the region and the Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 passed in Parliament, giving rise to the new state of Jharkhand.Jharkhand suffers from what is sometimes termed a resource curse: it accounts for more than 40% of the mineral resources of India, but 39.1% of its population is below the poverty line and 19.6% of children under five years of age are malnourished. The state is primarily rural, with only 24% of the population living in cities. Jharkhand is among the leading states in economic growth. In 2017\u201318, the GSDP growth rate of state was at 10.22%.", "Q110154": "George Hosato Takei (; born Hosato Takei, April 20, 1937) is an American actor, author, and activist. He is best known for his role as Hikaru Sulu, helmsman of the USS Enterprise in the television series Star Trek. He also portrayed the character in six Star Trek feature films and one episode of Star Trek: Voyager.\nAs of April 2018, his Facebook page has attracted over 10 million followers since he joined in 2011, and the account frequently shares photos with original humorous commentary. Takei is a proponent of LGBT rights and is active in state and local politics. He has won several awards and accolades in his work on human rights and Japan\u2013United States relations, including his work with the Japanese American National Museum.\nTakei's work on the Broadway show Allegiance, as well as his own internment in a US-run internment camp during World War II, has given him a platform to speak out against the Trump administration's rhetoric about immigrants and immigration policies.\n\n", "Q182436": "A librarian is a person who works professionally in a library, providing access to information and sometimes social or technical programming to users. In addition, librarians provide instruction on information literacy.", "Q598841": "Monash University () is a public research university based in Melbourne, Australia. Named for prominent World War I general, Sir John Monash, it was founded in 1958 and is the second oldest university in the State of Victoria. The university has a number of campuses, four of which are in Victoria (Clayton, Caulfield, Peninsula, and Parkville), and one in Malaysia. Monash also has a research and teaching centre in Prato, Italy, a graduate research school in Mumbai, India and a graduate school in Suzhou, China. Monash University courses are also delivered at other locations, including South Africa. \nMonash is home to major research facilities, including the Monash Law School, the Australian Synchrotron, the Monash Science Technology Research and Innovation Precinct (STRIP), the Australian Stem Cell Centre, Victorian College of Pharmacy, and 100 research centres and 17 co-operative research centres. In 2016, its total revenue was over $2.2 billion (AUD), with external research income around $282 million. In 2016, Monash enrolled over 50,000 undergraduate and over 22,000 graduate students. It has more applicants than any other university in the state of Victoria.Monash is a member of Australia's prestigious Group of Eight, a coalition of Australia's eight leading research universities, a member of the ASAIHL, and is the only Australian member of the M8 Alliance of Academic Health Centers, Universities and National Academies. Monash is one of two Australian universities to be ranked in the \u00c9cole des Mines de Paris (Mines ParisTech) ranking on the basis of the number of alumni listed among CEOs in the 500 largest worldwide companies. Monash is consistently ranked among the world's top 75 universities.", "Q918404": "Kenneth Welsh, is a Canadian film and television actor (sometimes credited as Ken Welsh). He is known as the multi-faceted villain, Windom Earle, in Twin Peaks and played the father of Katharine Hepburn as portrayed by Cate Blanchett in Martin Scorsese's The Aviator. He lives outside of Toronto.", "Q159232": "Santa Cruz (; Spanish for 'Holy Cross') is the county seat and largest city of Santa Cruz County, California. As of 2018 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated Santa Cruz's population at 64,725.\nSituated on the northern edge of Monterey Bay, about 32 mi (51 km) south of San Jose and 75 mi (120 km) south of San Francisco, the city is part of the 12-county San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area.\nSanta Cruz is known for its moderate climate, natural environment, coastline, redwood forests, alternative community lifestyles, and socially liberal leanings. It is also home to the University of California, Santa Cruz, a premier research institution and educational hub, as well as the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk, an oceanfront amusement park operating continuously since 1907.\nThe present-day site of Santa Cruz was the location of Spanish settlement beginning in 1791, including Mission Santa Cruz and the pueblo of Branciforte. The City of Santa Cruz was incorporated in 1866 and chartered in April 1876. Important early industries included lumber, gunpowder, lime and agriculture. Late in the 19th century, Santa Cruz established itself as a beach resort community.", "Q63632": "Henriette Mendel, Baroness von Wallersee (July 31, 1833 \u2013 November 12, 1891) was a German actress, and the mistress and, later, morganatic wife of Ludwig Wilhelm, Duke in Bavaria. By him she was the mother of Countess Marie Larisch von Moennich.", "Q383784": "Warren Ellis (born 14 February 1965) is an Australian-French musician and composer. He is a member of several groups: Dirty Three, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds and Grinderman. He has also composed film scores with Nick Cave. Ellis plays violin, piano, accordion, bouzouki, guitar, flute, mandolin, tenor guitar, and viola. Ellis has been a member of Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds since 1994.", "Q332417": "Massimo Carlotto (born 22 July 1956) is an Italian writer and playwright.", "Q462709": "Killswitch Engage is an American metalcore band from Westfield, Massachusetts, formed in 1999 after the disbanding of Overcast and Aftershock. Killswitch Engage's current lineup consists of vocalist Jesse Leach, guitarists Joel Stroetzel and Adam Dutkiewicz, bassist Mike D'Antonio, and drummer Justin Foley. The band has released eight studio albums and two live performance albums. Their eighth studio album, Atonement, was released on August 16, 2019.\nKillswitch Engage rose to fame with its 2004 release The End of Heartache, which peaked at number 21 on the Billboard 200, and was certified gold by the RIAA in December 2007 for over 500,000 shipments in the United States. The title track, \"The End of Heartache\", was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2005 for Best Metal Performance, and a live DVD titled (Set This) World Ablaze was released in 2005. Killswitch Engage has performed at festivals such as Soundwave Festival, Wacken Open Air, Reading and Leeds Festivals, Ozzfest, Download Festival, Rock on the Range, Rock Am Ring, Mayhem Festival, Monsters of Rock, Pointfest, Knotfest and Heavy MTL. The band has sold over four million records in the U.S. and has been considered notable within the New Wave of American Heavy Metal, and has also been considered one of the earliest leading forces of the metalcore genre.", "Q104109": "Gladys Louise Smith (April 8, 1892 \u2013 May 29, 1979), known professionally as Mary Pickford, was a Canadian-born American film actress and producer with a career spanning 50 years. She was a co-founder of the Pickford\u2013Fairbanks Studios with Douglas Fairbanks and the United Artists studio with Fairbanks, Charlie Chaplin, and D. W. Griffith, and she was one of the 36 founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences who present the yearly \"Oscar\" Awards ceremony.Pickford was known in her prime as \"America's Sweetheart\" and the \"girl with the curls\". She was one of the Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood and a significant figure in the development of film acting. She was one of the earliest stars to be billed under her own name, and was one of the most popular actresses of the 1910s and 1920s, earning the nickname \"Queen of the Movies\". She is credited with having defined the ing\u00e9nue type in cinema.She was awarded the second Academy Award for Best Actress for her first sound film role in Coquette (1929), and she also received an honorary Academy Award in 1976 in consideration of her contributions to American cinema. The American Film Institute ranked her as 24th in its 1999 list of greatest female stars of classic Hollywood Cinema.", "Q846544": "A disaster film or disaster movie is a film genre that has an impending or ongoing disaster as its subject and primary plot device. Such disasters include natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, tsunamis or asteroid collisions, accidents such as shipwrecks or airplane crashes, or calamities like worldwide disease pandemics. A subgenre of action films, these films usually feature some degree of build-up, the disaster itself, and sometimes the aftermath, usually from the point of view of specific individual characters or their families or portraying the survival tactics of different people.\nThese films often feature large casts of actors and multiple plot lines, focusing on the characters' attempts to avert, escape or cope with the disaster and its aftermath. The genre came to particular prominence during the 1970s with the release of high-profile films such as Airport (1970), followed in quick succession by The Poseidon Adventure (1972), Earthquake (1974) and The Towering Inferno (1974).The casts were generally made up of familiar character actors. Once the disaster begins in the film, the characters are usually confronted with human weaknesses, often falling in love and almost always finding a villain to blame. The films usually feature a persevering hero or heroine (Charlton Heston, Steve McQueen, etc.) called upon to lead the struggle against the threat. In many cases, the \"evil\" or \"selfish\" individuals are the first to succumb to the conflagration. The genre experienced a renewal in the 1990s boosted by computer-generated imagery (CGI) and large studio budgets which allowed for greater spectacle, culminating in the cinematic phenomenon that was James Cameron's Titanic in 1997.", "Q16285": "Mario Orlando Hardy Hamlet Brenno Benedetti Farrugia (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8ma\u027ejo \u03b2ene\u02c8\u00f0eti] (listen); 14 September 1920 \u2013 17 May 2009),\nbest known as Mario Benedetti, was a Uruguayan journalist, novelist, and poet and an integral member of the Generaci\u00f3n del 45. Despite publishing more than 80 books and being published in twenty languages he was not well known in the English-speaking world. In the Spanish-speaking world he is considered one of Latin America's most important writers of the latter half of the 20th century.", "Q103666": "Dr. Joachim Pfeiffer (Mutlangen, 25 April 1967) is a German politician who represents the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) in the Bundestag, the German federal parliament.\n\n", "Q70100": "Arnold Heinrich Albert von Maybach (29 November 1822 \u2013 20 January 1904) was a German lawyer, politician and railway manager.", "Q4293602": "Leonid Milov (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432; 28 July 1929, Moscow - 17 November 2007, Moscow) was a prominent Soviet and Russian historian. He worked at the Faculty of History in Lomonosov Moscow State University.\n\n", "Q1075293": "Irish Americans (Irish: Gael-Mheirice\u00e1naigh) are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland. About 33 million Americans \u2014 10.1% of the total population \u2014 self-identified as being of Irish ancestry in the 2017 American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. This compares with a population of 6.8 million on the island of Ireland. In contrast to Ireland, surveys since the 1970s have shown consistent majorities or pluralities of Americans who self-identify as being of Irish ancestry as also self-identifying as being Protestant, and are actually mostly Scotch-Irish, the American descendants of Ulster Protestants (mostly Ulster Scots) who emigrated from Ireland to the United States en masse from the early 18th century through the early 1920s.Three million people separately self-identified as Scotch-Irish, but demographers have long assumed the U.S. Census Bureau self-identification estimate of the Scotch-Irish to be a serious undercount (in part, because along with English and other British ancestries, many Scotch-Irish self-identify as being of \"American ancestry\"). While some argue that the Scotch-Irish should be considered Irish, considering that conversions by Irish Catholics during the Reformation in Ireland to Protestant churches were historically rare, and that intermarriage between Protestants and Catholics in both Ireland and in the United States was also historically rare while interethnic and interdenominational marriage amongst Protestants in Ulster was relatively common, multiple historians have argued instead that the \"Scotch-Irish\" distinction remains necessary as the Ulster Protestants remain a distinct ethnoreligious group from the Irish Catholics.", "Q578023": "The University of Toulouse (French: Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse) is a university in France that was established by papal bull in 1229, making it one of the earliest universities to emerge in Europe. Since the closing of the university in 1793 due to the French Revolution, the University of Toulouse no longer exists as a single institution. However, there have been several independent \"successor\" universities inheriting the name.\nThe current consortium of French universities, grandes \u00e9coles and other institutions of higher education and research in Toulouse and the surrounding region is known as Universit\u00e9 f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Toulouse Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es.", "Q58854": "Literary criticism (or literary studies) is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often influenced by literary theory, which is the philosophical discussion of literature's goals and methods. Though the two activities are closely related, literary critics are not always, and have not always been, theorists.\nWhether or not literary criticism should be considered a separate field of inquiry from literary theory, or conversely from book reviewing, is a matter of some controversy. For example, the Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism draws no distinction between literary theory and literary criticism, and almost always uses the terms together to describe the same concept. Some critics consider literary criticism a practical application of literary theory, because criticism always deals directly with particular literary works, while theory may be more general or abstract.\nLiterary criticism is often published in essay or book form. Academic literary critics teach in literature departments and publish in academic journals, and more popular critics publish their reviews in broadly circulating periodicals such as The Times Literary Supplement, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Review of Books, the London Review of Books, the Dublin Review of Books, The Nation, Bookforum, and The New Yorker.", "Q66762": "Johannes von Tepl (c. 1350 \u2013 c. 1415), also known as Johannes von Saaz (Czech: Jan ze \u017datce), was a Bohemian writer of the German language, one of the earliest known writers of prose in Early New High German (or late Middle German\u2014depending on the criteria). He was literate in Czech, German and Latin.Not much is known about him; historians presume that he probably studied at universities in Prague, Bologna and Padua. In 1383, he became a solicitor in \u017datec (Saaz) and in 1386 a rector of the town's Latin school. He lived in Prague from 1411. He spent almost all of his life in the Kingdom of Bohemia, during the reign of kings Charles and Wenceslaus.\nJohannes von Tepl is best known for his early humanist poem Der Ackermann aus B\u00f6hmen (Ploughman of Bohemia), sometimes also called Der Ackermann und der Tod (Ploughman and Death), written around 1401 and first printed in 1460. It is a dialogue of Death and the ploughman, who accuses Death because his wife Margaretha recently died. Central themes of the book are their opposing views on life, mankind, and morality. (In the history of Bohemia, the ploughman is an important symbol of Bohemian kings\u2014P\u0159emysl, the legendary founder of the P\u0159emyslid dynasty, was originally a ploughman.) The poem is regarded as one of the most important German poems in the late Middle Ages.", "Q1889124": "Richard Riehle (born May 12, 1948) is an American actor.", "Q424984": "Oakville is a town in southern Ontario, located in Halton Region on Lake Ontario halfway between Toronto and Hamilton. At its 2016 census population of 193,832, it is Ontario's largest town. Oakville is part of the Greater Toronto Area, one of the most densely populated areas of Canada.", "Q1156338": "V6 (\u30d6\u30a4\u30b7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9, Bui Shikkusu) is a six-member Japanese boy band formed by Johnny & Associates. The group debuted on November 1, 1995 with the single \"Music for the People\", which was used as the image song for the World Cup of Volleyball in 1995. Their first four singles, including \"Music for the People\", were all cover versions of the same-titled Eurobeat songs composed by Italian producers such as Giancarlo Pasquini, Andrea Leonardi, Alberto Contini, Sandro Oliva.\nSimilar to their agency seniors Hikaru Genji, the group is separated into two subgroups based on age. For V6, the group is split into 20th Century and Coming Century, which consists of the three oldest members and three youngest members respectively. The band sold more than 13.5 million albums and singles.", "Q3963": "Fulda (German pronunciation: [\u02c8f\u028alda]) (historically in English called Fuld) is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the river Fulda and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district (Kreis). In 1990, the town hosted the 30th Hessentag state festival.", "Q251198": "\u00c1lvaro Pierri (born 1953 in Montevideo, Uruguay) is a classical guitarist. He is a professor at the Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Musik und darstellende Kunst in Vienna.\nHe received his early musical education from his mother, Ada Estades, on the piano and his aunt, Olga Pierri, on the guitar. Later he studied with Abel Carlevaro, the composer Guido Sant\u00f3rsola and also at the Uruguayan National Institute of Musicology.\nFrom the age of 11 he was already winning prizes in international guitar competitions, including 1st Prize in the International Guitar Competition in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1st Prize in the International Guitar Competition in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and the Gold Medal at the 18th International Competition by France Musique/Radio France in Paris.\nPierri\u2032s debut in the USA took place in New York and received outstanding reviews: ... \u201dMr. Pierri revealed an artistic maturity not commonly encountered\u201d ... \u201dcompared to artists as Segovia, Bream, Williams\u201d ... \u201dbrilliant, sensitive, versatile, breathtaking\u201d (New York Times & Continental Reviews). In 1983 he made his debut in Germany with the string soloists of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, and he subsequently appeared on numerous radio and television programmes produced by the German, Austrian, Danish, Spanish, French, Canadian, Korean and Japanese Radios.\nAs a musician popular with both the public and the critics, Pierri is a regular guest at the major concert halls of Europe, North and South America, and Asia. Contemporary composers such as Leo Brouwer, Guido Sant\u00f3rsola, Jacques H\u00e9tu, Astor Piazzolla, Abel Carlevaro, Carlo Domeniconi and Terry Riley have written major works for Alvaro Pierri, in each case, he has premiered them brilliantly.\nHis manifest love of chamber music has resulted in collaborations with major musical figures including Astor Piazzolla, Frank Peter Zimmermann, Ern\u00f6 Sebestien, R\u00e9gis Pasquier, Hatto Beyerle, Philippe M\u00fcller, Leo Brouwer, Alcides Lanza, Terry Riley, Tracy Silverman, Maureen Forrester, Eduardo Fernandez, the Cherubini Quartet and the Turtle Island String Quartet, and he has also worked with conductors such as Pinchas Steinberg, Charles Dutoit, Wojciech Rajski, Mario Bernardi and Yannick Nezet-S\u00e9guin.\nAlvaro Pierri\u2032s CDs have been released by Metropole-Polydor (France), Blue Angel-2001 (Germany), Milan Records (Canada), Analekta (Canada), Amplitude (Canada), Madacy (Canada), HOMA (Japan) and Alpha Omega (Hong Kong). His discography includes solo recordings, chamber music, guitar concerts and electro-acoustic music. Several of his CDs have been honoured with prices and nominations, he received already twice the coveted Canadian FELIX award for the best classical CD of the year. Recently \"Pioneer Classics Japan\" brought out a DVD featuring Spanish and South American guitar music, and \"Deutsche Grammophon\" re-published a DVD with Astor Piazzolla's Double Concerto, Alvaro Pierri performing in duo with Astor Piazzolla.\nAlvaro Pierri is also an internationally acclaimed teacher. Many of his students have won major international guitar competitions. He was professor at the University of Santa Maria in Brazil and subsequently ran a guitar class at McGill University and the UQAM (Academy of Music) in Montreal. In 2002 he was appointed professor at the famous Academy of music in Vienna (today University of Music and Performing Arts).\nPierri gives master classes at major music festivals such as the New York Manhattan Masters, GFA Guitar Foundation of America, Qu\u00e9bec FIG, the SIG S\u00e9minaire International de Guitare in Paris and Bordeaux, in Barcelona, at the Mozarteum Summer Academy in Salzburg, the Wiener Meisterkurse, the Villa Musica in Mainz, and in Tokyo, Osaka, Seoul, and Hong Kong a. o.", "Q1354583": "Jens Ulrik Munther (born 18 February 1994) is a Swedish singer-songwriter, actor and multi-instrumentalist signed to Universal Music Sweden. His debut studio album Ulrik Munther, was released on 24 August 2011 and peaked to number 1 in Sweden. His second studio album Rooftop, was released on 6 March 2013 and peaked to number 4 in Sweden.", "Q961851": "Nelson Smock Riddle Jr. (June 1, 1921 \u2013 October 6, 1985) was an American arranger, composer, bandleader and orchestrator whose career stretched from the late 1940s to the mid-1980s. He worked with many world-famous vocalists at Capitol Records, including Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, Nat King Cole, Judy Garland, Dean Martin, Peggy Lee, Johnny Mathis, Rosemary Clooney and Keely Smith. He found commercial and critical success with a new generation in the 1980s, in a trio of Platinum albums with Linda Ronstadt. His orchestrations earned an Academy Award and three Grammy Awards.", "Q714141": "Lars Gunnar (\"Lasse\") \u00c5berg (born 5 May 1940) is a Swedish actor, musician, film director and artist. Between 1960 and 1964 he studied at the Konstfack department of graphic design.\u00c5berg has produced some of the most successful films in Sweden, depicting \"typical\" Swedish life and customs in a usually humorous way. \u00c5berg's character can be described as an inept outsider with a large heart, constantly pushed aside without noticing.\nHis films have generated over 300 million Swedish kronor (~43 million USD) in Sweden alone; no large scale international distribution has ever been attempted. His 1980 film S\u00e4llskapsresan entered into the 12th Moscow International Film Festival.As an artist, he is famous for making various lithographs; one of his stocks in trade are sketchy Mickey Mouse drawings. He is a member of Svenska Serieakademien. He also re-designed the seat textiles for the Stockholm Metro subway in the 1990s.\nAs a musician, he played in the nationally successful band Electric Banana Band. \u00c5berg is also the creator of Trazan & Banarne, one of the most beloved Swedish children's shows ever. It was shown on Sveriges Television in the late 1970s/early 1980s. The characters of the show, Trazan Apansson (\u00c5berg) and Banarne (Klasse M\u00f6llberg) are also members of the Electric Banana Band.\nAt the 17th Guldbagge Awards he won the Ingmar Bergman Award. At the 27th Guldbagge Awards he won the award for Best Actor for his role in Den ofrivillige golfaren.", "Q75078": "Mathilde Friederike Karoline Ludendorff (born Mathilde Spiess; 4 October 1877 \u2013 24 June 1966) was a German psychiatrist. She was a leading figure in the V\u00f6lkisch movement known for her esoteric and conspiratorial ideas. Her third husband was General Erich Ludendorff. Together with Ludendorff, she founded the Bund f\u00fcr Gotteserkenntnis (in German) (translated: Society for the Knowledge of God), a small and rather obscure esoterical society of theists, which was banned from 1961 to 1977.", "Q72717": "Elia Kazan (; born Elias Kazantzoglou (Greek: \u0397\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03cc\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5); September 7, 1909 \u2013 September 28, 2003) was a Greek-American director, producer, writer and actor, described by The New York Times as \"one of the most honored and influential directors in Broadway and Hollywood history\".He was born in Istanbul , to Cappadocian Greek parents. After attending Williams College and then the Yale School of Drama, he acted professionally for eight years, later joining the Group Theatre in 1932, and co-founded the Actors Studio in 1947. With Robert Lewis and Cheryl Crawford, his actors' studio introduced \"Method Acting\" under the direction of Lee Strasberg. Kazan acted in a few films, including City for Conquest (1940).Noted for drawing out the best dramatic performances from his actors, he directed 21 actors to Oscar nominations, resulting in nine wins. He directed a string of successful films, including A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), On the Waterfront (1954), and East of Eden (1955). During his career, he won two Oscars as Best Director, three Tony Awards, and four Golden Globes. He also received an Honorary Oscar.\nHis films were concerned with personal or social issues of special concern to him. Kazan writes, \"I don't move unless I have some empathy with the basic theme.\" His first such \"issue\" film was Gentleman's Agreement (1947), with Gregory Peck, which dealt with anti-Semitism in America. It received 8 Oscar nominations and 3 wins, including Kazan's first for Best Director. It was followed by Pinky, one of the first films in mainstream Hollywood to address racial prejudice against African Americans. In 1954, he directed On the Waterfront, a film about union corruption on the New York harbor waterfront. A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), an adaptation of the stage play which he had also directed, received 12 Oscar nominations, winning 4, and was Marlon Brando's breakthrough role. In 1955, he directed John Steinbeck's East of Eden, which introduced James Dean to movie audiences.\nA turning point in Kazan's career came with his testimony as a witness before the House Committee on Un-American Activities in 1952 at the time of the Hollywood blacklist, which brought him strong negative reactions from many liberal friends and colleagues. His testimony helped end the careers of former acting colleagues Morris Carnovsky and Art Smith, along with the work of playwright Clifford Odets. The two men had made a pact to name each other in front of the committee. Kazan later justified his act by saying he took \"only the more tolerable of two alternatives that were either way painful and wrong.\" Nearly a half-century later, his anti-Communist testimony continued to cause controversy. When Kazan was awarded an honorary Oscar in 1999, dozens of actors chose not to applaud as 250 demonstrators picketed the event.Kazan influenced the films of the 1950s and 1960s with his provocative, issue-driven subjects. Director Stanley Kubrick called him, \"without question, the best director we have in America, [and] capable of performing miracles with the actors he uses.\" Film author Ian Freer concludes that even \"if his achievements are tainted by political controversy, the debt Hollywood\u2014and actors everywhere\u2014owes him is enormous.\" In 2010, Martin Scorsese co-directed the documentary film A Letter to Elia as a personal tribute to Kazan.", "Q2850467": "Anna Bergman (born 5 May 1948 in Gothenburg, Sweden) is a former Swedish actress. She is the daughter of film and theatre director Ingmar Bergman and choreographer-director Ellen Lundstr\u00f6m, sister to Eva, Jan, and Mats Bergman (twin); and half-sister to Daniel Bergman and Linn Ullmann.\nBergman mostly appeared as a performer in several British sex comedies during the late 1970s including the title role in Penelope Pulls It Off (1975), Adventures of a Taxi Driver (1976), Intimate Games (1976), Come Play with Me (1977) and What's Up Superdoc! (1978), though later she appeared in small roles in more mainstream films including The Wild Geese (1978), Licensed to Love and Kill (1979), Nutcracker (1982), and her father's 1982 film Fanny and Alexander. She also appeared as Swedish au pair Ingrid Svenson in seasons 2 and 4 of the British situation comedy Mind Your Language.", "Q369375": "Raymond Lothar Slijngaard (born 28 June 1971) is a Dutch rapper and musician best known as the front person of the duo 2 Unlimited.\n\n", "Q724082": "Alan Dower Blumlein (29 June 1903 \u2013 7 June 1942) was an English electronics engineer, notable for his many inventions in telecommunications, sound recording, stereophonic sound, television and radar. He received 128 patents and was considered as one of the most significant engineers and inventors of his time.He died during World War II on 7 June 1942, aged 38, during the secret trial of an H2S airborne radar system then under development, when all on board the Halifax bomber he was flying in were killed when it crashed at Welsh Bicknor in Herefordshire.", "Q193513": "Jensen Ross Ackles (born March 1, 1978) is an American actor, singer and director. He has appeared on television as Dean Winchester in The CW horror fantasy series Supernatural, Eric Brady in Days of Our Lives, which earned him several Daytime Emmy Award nominations, Alec/X5-494 in Dark Angel and Jason Teague in Smallville. He also starred as the lead in the box office success My Bloody Valentine 3D and provided the voice of Jason Todd in the popular animated film Batman: Under the Red Hood.", "Q170688": "Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Spanish: [\u02c8santa \u02c8k\u027euz \u00f0e la \u02c8sjera]; lit. \"Holy Cross of the Mountain Range\"), commonly known as Santa Cruz, is the largest city in Bolivia and the capital of the Santa Cruz department. Situated on the Pirai River in the eastern Tropical Lowlands of Bolivia, the city of Santa Cruz and its metropolitan area are home to over 70% of the population of the department and it is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world.\nThe city was first founded in 1561 by Spanish explorer \u00d1uflo de Chavez about 200 km (124 mi) east of its current location, and was moved several times until it was finally established on the Pirai River in the late 16th century. For much of its history, Santa Cruz was mostly a small outpost town, and even after Bolivia gained its independence in 1825 there was little attention from the authorities or the population in general to settle the region. It was not until after the middle of the 20th century with profound agrarian and land reforms that the city began to grow at a very fast pace.\nThe city is Bolivia's most populous, produces nearly 35% of Bolivia's gross domestic product, and receives over 40% of all foreign direct investment in the country. This has helped make Santa Cruz the most important business center in Bolivia and the preferred destination of migrants from all over the country.", "Q370624": "Carl Elias Milliken (July 13, 1877 \u2013 May 1, 1961) was an American politician, and business executive. He served as the 51st Governor of Maine, and was the Chief Spokesman for the Motion Picture Association of America.", "Q1248800": "Common Brittonic was an ancient Celtic language spoken in Britain. It is also variously known as Old Brittonic, British, and Common or Old Brythonic. By the sixth century AD, this language of the Celtic Britons was starting to split into the various Neo-Brittonic languages: Welsh, Cumbric, Cornish, Breton and probably the Pictish language.\nCommon Brittonic is a form of Insular Celtic, which is descended from Proto-Celtic, a hypothetical parent language that, by the first half of the first millennium BC, was already diverging into separate dialects or languages. There is some evidence that the Pictish language may have had close ties to Common Brittonic, and might have been either a sister language or a fifth branch.Evidence from Welsh shows a great influence from Latin on Common Brittonic during the Roman period, and especially so in terms related to the Church and Christianity, which are nearly all Latin derivatives. Common Brittonic was later replaced in most of Scotland by Middle Irish (which later developed into Scottish Gaelic) and south of the Firth of Forth also by Old English (which later developed into Scots).\nBrittonic was gradually replaced by English throughout England; in southern Scotland and Cumbria, Cumbric disappeared in the 12th century and, in the south, Cornish survived until the 19th century, although modern attempts to revitalize it have seen some success. O'Rahilly's historical model suggests the possibility that there was a Brittonic (P-Celtic) language in Ireland before the arrival of Goidelic languages (Q-Celtic) there, but this view has not found wide acceptance.", "Q151646": "B\u00e9la Kun (20 February 1886 \u2013 29 August 1938), born B\u00e9la Kohn, was a Hungarian Communist activist and politician who was the de facto dictator of the Hungarian Soviet Republic and perpetrator of the Red Terror in 1919.\nThough the de jure leader of the Hungarian Soviet Republic was president S\u00e1ndor Garbai, the de facto power was in the hands of foreign minister B\u00e9la Kun, who maintained direct contact with Lenin via radiotelegraph. It was Lenin who gave the direct orders and advice to B\u00e9la Kun via constant radio communication with the Kremlin.Following the collapse of the Communist regime, Kun fled to the Soviet Union, where he worked as a functionary in the Communist International bureaucracy as the head of the Crimean Revolutionary Committee from 1920. He organised and actively participated in the Red Terror in Crimea (1920\u20131921), following which he participated in the March Action (1921), a failed Communist uprising in Germany.\nDuring the Great Purge of the late 1930s, Kun was arrested, interrogated, tried, and executed in quick succession. He was posthumously rehabilitated by the Soviet regime in 1956, following the death of Joseph Stalin and the critical reassessment of Stalinism.", "Q1372222": "Michael James \"Mike\" McCulley (born August 4, 1943), (Capt, USN, Ret.), is a retired American naval officer and aviator, test pilot, metallurgical engineer, former NASA astronaut, and was the first submariner in space.\n\n", "Q2706204": "Edward Wynne (born 3 June 1961 in Wandsworth, London) is an English guitarist and keyboardist best known as a founding member, principal composer and the only constant member of psychedelic rock band Ozric Tentacles.", "Q326462": "Leopoldo Alas M\u00ednguez (4 September 1962 in Arnedo \u2013 1 August 2008 in Madrid) was a Spanish writer, poet and editor. He was the grand nephew of Leopoldo Alas \"Clarin\".\nHe studied in Italian philology, and was one of the most important authors of homosexual literature in Spain. Between 1987 and 1992 he directed Signos Magazine, which he founded together with Luis Cremades and Daniel Garbade, publishing important poetry by Rafael Alberti, Rainer Maria Rilke, Vicente Molina Foix. Since 1986 he had written numerous articles for magazines and newspapers.", "Q899126": "TUTL Records is a record label of the Faroe Islands that was founded in 1977 by Kristian Blak. The label is credited with giving many Faroese musicians their first break and \"has played a major role in giving musicians a chance to record and publish.\"", "Q1812": "Gordian III (Latin: Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius Augustus; 20 January 225 AD \u2013 11 February 244 AD) was Roman Emperor from 238 AD to 244 AD. At the age of 13, he became the youngest sole legal Roman emperor throughout the existence of the united Roman Empire. Gordian was the son of Antonia Gordiana and an unknown Roman Senator who died before 238. Antonia Gordiana was the daughter of Emperor Gordian I and younger sister of Emperor Gordian II. Very little is known of his early life before his acclamation. Gordian had assumed the name of his maternal grandfather in 238 AD.", "Q12785": "Joan Saura Laporta is a Green ICV Spanish politician in Catalonia. He was born in Barcelona, Catalonia, in 1950. He studied at the Escola d'Enginyeria T\u00e8cnica (Technical Engineering School), where he specialized in Industrial Chemistry. In the beginning, he was devoted to the trade union and the neighbourhood: he enrolled into the Workers' Commissions (CCOO) in 1973, while he was working for the electrics company FECSA, and cofounded the La Florida Neighbourhood Association, in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 1974.", "Q609662": "Louis Le Chatelier (20 February 1815 \u2013 10 November 1873) was a French chemist and industrialist who developed a method for producing aluminium from bauxite in 1855. His son was the well known chemist Henri Louis Le Chatelier. His name is inscribed on the Eiffel tower.Le Chatelier and his wife Louise Madeleine \u00c9lisabeth Durand (1827\u20131902) had seven children.\nOne was Alfred Le Chatelier (1855\u20131929), who joined the army.\nAlfred later became a ceramicist and then held the chair of Muslim sociology in the Coll\u00e8ge de France for many years.\n\n", "Q722395": "Joseph Allen \"Country Joe\" McDonald (born January 1, 1942) is an American musician who was the lead singer of the 1960s psychedelic rock group Country Joe and the Fish.", "Q151120": "Charles, nicknamed the Bold or the Rash (German: Karl der K\u00fchne; Dutch: Karel de Stoute; French: Charles le T\u00e9m\u00e9raire; 10 November 1433 \u2013 5 January 1477), was Duke of Burgundy from 1467 to 1477, the last duke from the House of Valois. His name at baptism was Charles Martin.\nHis main objective was to be crowned king by turning the growing Burgundian State into a territorially continuous kingdom. He declared himself and his lands independent, bought Higher Alsace and conquered Zutphen, Guelders and Lorraine, uniting at last Burgundian northern and southern possessions. It caused the enmity of several European powers and triggered the Burgundian Wars.\nHis early death at the Battle of Nancy at the hands of Swiss mercenaries fighting for Ren\u00e9 II, Duke of Lorraine was of great consequence in European history. The Burgundian domains, long wedged between France and the Habsburg Empire, were divided, but the precise disposition of the vast and disparate territorial possessions involved was disputed among the European powers for centuries.", "Q203806": "Thomas Johannes Gottschalk (born 18 May 1950) is a German radio and television host, entertainer and actor. He is best known for hosting Wetten, dass..?, for many years Europe's biggest television show, which he led to a huge success in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and South Tyrol between 1987 and 2011. Until 2015 he was also the testimonial personality in television advertisements for Haribo confectionery.", "Q369413": "Mann (transl.\u2009Mind) is a 1999 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film directed by Indra Kumar. The film stars popular actors Aamir Khan, Manisha Koirala and Anil Kapoor. Rani Mukerji also makes a special appearance in the movie. This is Aamir and Manisha's second movie together after Akele Hum Akele Tum. The film was remade in the same year in Telugu, titled Ravoyi Chandamama, starring Akkineni Nagarjuna, Anjala Zhaveri, Keerthi Reddy and Jagapati Babu.\nThe movie is loosely based on 1965 movie Bheegi Raat which itself was a remake of 1957 American movie An Affair to Remember which in turn was a remake of 1939 movie Love Affair. Both Aamir and Manisha's performances and chemistry were appreciated. The film's climax was also praised.", "Q320775": "Billy Joe Shaver (born August 16, 1939) is a Texas country music singer and songwriter. Shaver's 1973 album Old Five and Dimers Like Me is a classic in the outlaw country genre.", "Q366720": "Morris \"Moshe\" Talansky (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05e1 (\u05de\u05e9\u05d4) \u05d8\u05dc\u05e0\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9\u200e) is an American businessman and Orthodox rabbi who co-founded the New Jerusalem Foundation with Ehud Olmert, the Prime Minister of Israel.", "Q9296": "Macedonian (; \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0458\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043a, translit. makedonski jazik, pronounced [ma\u02c8k\u025bd\u0254nski \u02c8jazik] (listen)) is an Eastern South Slavic language. Spoken as a first language by around two million people, it serves as the official language of North Macedonia. Most speakers can be found in the country and its diaspora, with a smaller number of speakers throughout the transnational region of Macedonia. Macedonian is also a recognized minority language in parts of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, and Serbia and spoken by emigrant communities predominantly in Australia, Canada and the United States.\nMacedonian developed out of the western dialects of the East South Slavic dialect continuum, whose earliest recorded form is \"Old Church Slavonic\". During much of its history, this dialect continuum was called \"Bulgarian\", although in the 19th century, its western dialects came to be known separately as \"Macedonian\". Standard Macedonian was codified in 1945 and has developed modern literature since. As it is part of a dialect continuum with other South Slavic languages, Macedonian has a high degree of mutual intelligibility with Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian.\nLinguists distinguish 29 dialects of Macedonian, with linguistic differences separating Western and Eastern groups of dialects. Some features of Macedonian grammar are the use of a dynamic stress that falls on the ante-penultimate syllable, three suffixed deictic articles that indicate noun position in reference to the speaker and several simple and complex verb tenses. Macedonian orthography is phonemic with a correspondence of one grapheme per phoneme. It is written using an adapted 31-letter version of the Cyrillic script with several original letters. Macedonian syntax is of the subject-object-verb (SOV) type and has flexible word order.\nMacedonian vocabulary has been historically influenced by Turkish and Russian. Somewhat less prominent vocabulary influences also came from neighboring and prestige languages. Since Macedonian and Bulgarian are mutually intelligible, share many common linguistic features and are socio-historically related, some linguists are divided in their views of the two as separate languages or as a single pluricentric language.\n\n", "Q106078": "Bruno Vogel (1898\u20131987) was a German pacifist and writer.", "Q183066": "The Hurt Locker is a 2008 American war thriller drama film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by Mark Boal. It stars Jeremy Renner, Anthony Mackie, Brian Geraghty, Christian Camargo, Ralph Fiennes, David Morse, and Guy Pearce. The film follows an Iraq War Explosive Ordnance Disposal team who are targeted by insurgents, and shows their psychological reactions to the stress of combat, which is intolerable to some and addictive to others. Boal drew on his experience during embedded access to write the screenplay.\nThe Hurt Locker premiered at the 2008 Venice International Film Festival before it was released in the United States on June 26, 2009, by Summit Entertainment. The film earned near universal acclaim from critics, who praised Bigelow's directing, the cast, writing, and action sequences. The film was nominated for nine Academy Awards and won six, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay, making it the first Best Picture winner by a female director. The film grossed $49.2 million worldwide.", "Q272027": "Georgina Spelvin (born March 1, 1936) is the stage name of Shelley Bob Graham, a former American actress and pornographic performer who is best known as the star of the classic 1973 pornographic film The Devil in Miss Jones, released during the Golden Age of Porn (1969\u20131984).", "Q573610": "Anthony McCarten (born 28 April 1961) is a New Zealand novelist, playwright, journalist, television writer and filmmaker. He is best known for writing the biopics The Theory of Everything (2014), Darkest Hour (2017), Bohemian Rhapsody (2018) and The Two Popes (2019). He received Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay nominations for The Theory of Everything and The Two Popes.", "Q324513": "Bismarck is a 1940 German historical film directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner and starring Paul Hartmann, Friedrich Kay\u00dfler, and Lil Dagover. It premiered at the Ufa-Palast am Zoo in Berlin.\nThis film depicts the life of the Prussian statesman Otto von Bismarck, a German nationalist and lonely genius who withstands parliament to act on behalf of the people. It was followed by a sequel Die Entlassung in 1942, with Emil Jannings taking over the title role.", "Q696624": "Babylon Zoo were an English rock band formed in 1992 in Wolverhampton. Their song \"Spaceman\" gained considerable exposure through its use in a Levi's jeans television advert in the United Kingdom in late 1995. Released as the band's debut single on 21 January 1996, it entered the UK Singles Chart at number one. Spaceman led to the band being considered a one hit wonder; they had little success with any subsequent releases.", "Q230214": "Brenda Fricker (born 17 February 1945) is an Irish retired actress, whose career spanned six decades on stage and screen. She has appeared in more than 30 films and television roles. In 1990, she became the first Irish actress to win an Academy Award, earning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in My Left Foot (1989). As of 2014, she has tentatively retired from acting.", "Q577476": "Paul Blake (19 October 1965 \u2013 18 May 2017), better known as Frankie Paul, was a Jamaican dancehall reggae artist. Born blind, he has been dubbed by some 'The Jamaican Stevie Wonder'.\n\n", "Q71578": "John of Neumarkt also Johannes von Neumarkt (Latin: Ioannes de Novo Foro, Czech: Jan ze St\u0159edy; 1310 in Neumarkt \u2013 24 December 1380 in Mod\u0159ice, Moravia) was Chancellor of Emperor Charles IV, appointed Bishop of Naumburg, Bishop of Litomy\u0161l, Bishop of Olomouc and elected Bishop of Wroclaw. He was also known by his humanistic works.", "Q153737": "Lee Min-ki (born January 16, 1985) is a South Korean actor, singer and model. Lee played his first TV leading role in the 2005 sports drama Taereung National Village, followed by the romantic comedies Love Truly in 2006, Dal-ja's Spring in 2007, Because This Is My First Life in 2017 and The Beauty Inside in 2018. The actor has also starred in feature films, most notably in the box office hits Tidal Wave, Quick and Very Ordinary Couple.\n\n", "Q7412417": "Samuel Prescott Hildreth (1783\u20131863) was a pioneer physician, scientist, and historian, authoring numerous scientific and historical works. His history books are largely based on first-person accounts and primary documents, providing insight into the early settlement of Marietta, Ohio and the Northwest Territory and the lives of early pioneers.", "Q716030": "Wang Chuanfu (Chinese: \u738b\u4f20\u798f; born 1966) is a Chinese chemist, billionaire businessman, and founder of BYD Company.\n\n", "Q1610122": "Monty Holmes (born in Lubbock, Texas) is an American country music singer-songwriter. Holmes signed to Bang II Records and released his debut album, All I Ever Wanted, in 1998. His highest charting single, \"Why'd You Start Lookin' So Good,\" peaked at number 43 in 1998. Holmes' songs have been recorded by George Strait (\"When Did You Stop Loving Me,\" \"I Know She Still Loves Me,\" \"Troubadour\") and Lee Ann Womack (\"Never Again, Again\").", "Q77109": "Golo Mann (27 March 1909 \u2013 7 April 1994), born Angelus Gottfried Thomas Mann, was a German popular historian, essayist and writer. He was the third child of the novelist Thomas Mann and his wife Katia Mann.Golo Mann, originally a Bavarian German, held Czechoslovakian citizenship from 1936 on, American 1943\u201368, Swiss from 1968 on and additionally German since 1976.", "Q719303": "Jaralambos Enrique Metinides Tsironides (born February 12, 1934 in Mexico City) is a Mexican photographer. He began working with photography as a child when his father gave him a camera. Soon he began taking photos imitating popular action movies and car crashes near his father\u2019s restaurant. He published his first photo in a newspaper when he was twelve and at age thirteen, became an unpaid assistant at La Prensa. His career as a crime photographer continued until 1997 when he retired, but since then his work has gained appreciated for its own merits, being exhibited in galleries and other venues in Mexico, the United States and Europe.", "Q623921": "Drowning Pool is an American rock band formed in Dallas, Texas in 1996. The band was named after the film The Drowning Pool. Since its formation, the band has consisted of guitarist C.J. Pierce, bassist Stevie Benton, and drummer Mike Luce, as well as a revolving cast of vocalists, the latest being Jasen Moreno.\nAfter the release of their debut album, Sinner (2001), original vocalist Dave Williams was found dead on August 14, 2002 from heart disease. Jason Jones, who replaced Williams in 2003, recorded one album, Desensitized (2004), but left in 2005 due to musical differences. Ryan McCombs of Chicago-based band SOiL, later replaced Jones and released two albums, Full Circle (2007) and Drowning Pool (2010), making it the first time Drowning Pool had not switched singers after just one album. However, McCombs left the band in 2011 to rejoin SOiL. Jasen Moreno was announced as McCombs' replacement in 2012, and the band has since recorded two albums with him: Resilience (2013) and Hellelujah (2016).", "Q79130": "Gunther Adolf Burstyn (6 July 1879 in Bad Aussee, Steiermark - 15 April 1945 in Korneuburg, Lower Austria) was an inventor, technician, and officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army.\nIn 1911, he produced and patented the first design of a cross-country fighting vehicle with swiveling gun turret (a tank), based on American agricultural tractor. He called his tank the Motorgesch\u00fctz (literally \"motor-gun\"). His draft design, more advanced than some of the tank designs of World War I, was rejected both by Austria-Hungary and by the German Empire and no prototype was ever produced. He later sought to patent his design, but was told that it might infringe existing patents, so he dropped all plans. \nIn 1941 Burstyn was awarded the War Merit Cross, 1st and 2nd class, with Swords. At the end of World War II (April, 1945) he committed suicide because he feared Soviet captivity.", "Q1896776": "Paul Theodore Hellyer (born 6 August 1923) is a Canadian engineer, politician, writer, and commentator. He is the longest serving current member of the Privy Council of Canada, just ahead of Prince Philip.", "Q1702240": "John York Foley (born August 3, 1946) is an American bassist and guitarist. He is best known for his work with the Byrds.", "Q2140778": "Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) is a private research university in the town of Henrietta in the Rochester, New York metropolitan area. The university offers undergraduate and graduate degrees, including doctoral and professional degrees and online masters as well.\nThe university was founded in 1829 and is the tenth largest private university in the country in terms of full-time students. It is internationally known for its science, computer, engineering, and art programs, as well as for the National Technical Institute for the Deaf, a leading deaf-education institution that provides educational opportunities to more than 1000 deaf and hard-of-hearing students. RIT is known for its Co-op program that gives students professional and industrial experience. It has the fourth oldest and one of the largest Co-op programs in the world.\nRIT student population is approximately 19,000 students, about 16,000 undergraduate and 3000 graduate. Demographically, students attend from all 50 states in the United States and from more than 100 countries around the world. The university has more than 4000 active faculty and staff members who engage with the students in a wide range of academic activities and research projects. It also has branches abroad, its global campuses, located in China, Croatia, United Arab Emirates (Dubai), and Kosovo.\nThirteen RIT alumni and faculty members have been recipients of the Pulitzer Prize.", "Q546867": "Susan Raye (born October 8, 1944, Eugene, Oregon) is an American country music singer. She enjoyed great popularity during the early and mid-1970s, and chalked up seven top-10 and 19 top-40 country hits, most notably the song \"L.A. International Airport\", an international crossover pop hit in 1971.\nRaye was a protegee of country music singer Buck Owens. Owens and Raye recorded a number of hit albums and singles together, and were one of the most successful country duet acts of the era, in addition to their solo careers.", "Q153723": "Inglourious Basterds is a 2009 war film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino and starring Brad Pitt, Christoph Waltz, Michael Fassbender, Eli Roth, Diane Kruger, Daniel Br\u00fchl, Til Schweiger and M\u00e9lanie Laurent. The film tells an alternate history story of two plots to assassinate Nazi Germany's leadership, one planned by Shosanna Dreyfus (Laurent), a young French Jewish cinema proprietor, and the other by a team of Jewish American soldiers led by First Lieutenant Aldo Raine (Pitt). Christoph Waltz co-stars as Hans Landa, an SS colonel who is tracking down Raine's group and is connected to Shosanna's past. The film's title was inspired by Italian director Enzo G. Castellari's macaroni combat film The Inglorious Bastards (1978).\nTarantino wrote the script in 1998, but struggled with the ending and chose instead to direct the two-part film Kill Bill. After directing Death Proof in 2007, Tarantino returned to work on Inglourious Basterds. A co-production of the United States and Germany, the film began principal photography in October 2008 and was filmed in Germany and France with a $70 million production budget. It premiered on May 20, 2009, at the 62nd Cannes Film Festival, and received a wide release in theaters in the United States and Europe in August 2009 by The Weinstein Company and Universal Pictures.\nInglourious Basterds grossed over $321 million in theaters worldwide, making it Tarantino's highest-grossing film to that point, until it was surpassed in box office by Django Unchained (2012) and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019). The film received widespread acclaim and multiple awards and nominations, among them eight Academy Award nominations (including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay). For his role as Landa, Waltz won the Cannes Film Festival's Best Actor Award, as well as the BAFTA, Screen Actors Guild, Critics' Choice, Golden Globe, and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q334714": "The Duchy of Athens (Greek: \u0394\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u1fb6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd, Doukaton Athinon; Catalan: Ducat d'Atenes) was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade as part of the process known as Frankokratia, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century.", "Q115776": "The Mad is a 2007 comedy/horror film, starring Billy Zane and Maggie Castle, Directed and written by John Kalangis.", "Q69323": "The Kingdom of France as remnant of the preceding absolute Kingdom of France, was a constitutional monarchy that governed France from 3 September 1791 until 21 September 1792, when this constitutional monarchy was succeeded by the First Republic.\nOn 3 September 1791, the National Constituent Assembly forced king Louis XVI to accept the French Constitution of 1791, thus turning the absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy.\nAfter the 10 August 1792 Storming of the Tuileries Palace, the Legislative Assembly on 11 August 1792 suspended this constitutional monarchy. The freshly elected National Convention abolished the monarchy on 21 September 1792, ending 203 years of consecutive Bourbon rule over France.", "Q209481": "Eyes Wide Shut is a 1999 erotic mystery psychological drama film directed, produced and co-written by Stanley Kubrick. Based on the 1926 novella Traumnovelle (Dream Story) by Arthur Schnitzler, the story is transferred from early 20th-century Vienna to 1990s New York City. The film follows the sexually charged adventures of Dr. Bill Harford, who is shocked when his wife, Alice, reveals that she had contemplated having an affair a year earlier. He embarks on a night-long adventure, during which he infiltrates a massive masked orgy of an unnamed secret society.\nKubrick obtained the filming rights for Dream Story in the 1960s, considering it a perfect text for a film adaptation about sexual relations. He revived the project in the 1990s when he hired writer Frederic Raphael to help him with the adaptation. The film, which was mostly shot in the United Kingdom, apart from some exterior establishing shots, includes a detailed recreation of exterior Greenwich Village street scenes made at Pinewood Studios. The film's production, at 400 days, holds the Guinness World Record for the longest continuous film shoot.\nKubrick died six days after showing his final cut to Warner Bros. Pictures, making this the final film he directed. In order to ensure a theatrical R rating in the United States, Warner Bros. digitally altered several sexually explicit scenes during post-production. This version was released on July 16, 1999, to moderately positive reactions from film critics. Box office receipts for the film worldwide were about $162 million. The uncut version has since been released in DVD, HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc formats.", "Q1351389": "Pierre Michaux (June 25, 1813 \u2013 1883) was a blacksmith who furnished parts for the carriage trade in Paris during the 1850s and 1860s. He may have become the inventor of the bicycle when he added pedals to a draisine to form a velocipede, the forerunner of the modern bicycle. However historic sources reveal other possible claimants such as his son Ernest Michaux and Pierre Lallement.", "Q103114": "Michel Houellebecq (French: [mi\u0283\u025bl w\u025blb\u025bk]; born Michel Thomas; 26 February 1956 or 1958) is a French author, known for his novels, poems and essays, as well as an occasional actor, filmmaker and singer.\nHis first book was a biographical essay on the horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. Houellebecq published his first novel, Whatever, in 1994. His next novel, Atomised, published in 1998, brought him international fame as well as controversy. Platform followed in 2001. He published several books of poetry, including The Art of Struggle in 1996.\nAn offhand remark about Islam during a publicity tour for his 2001 novel Platform led to Houellebecq being taken to court for inciting racial hatred (he was eventually cleared of all charges). He subsequently moved to Ireland for several years, before moving back to France, where he currently resides. He has been described as \"France\u2019s biggest literary export and, some say, greatest living writer.\"In 2010, he published The Map and the Territory, which won the prestigious Prix Goncourt. In 2015, his next novel, Submission, sparked another controversy for its depiction of Islam. His latest novel Serotonin was published in 2019.", "Q1755318": "The University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee (UW\u2013Milwaukee, UWM, or Milwaukee) is a public urban research university in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is the largest university in the Milwaukee metropolitan area and a member of the University of Wisconsin System. It is also one of the two doctoral degree-granting public universities and the second largest university in Wisconsin.\nThe university consists of 14 schools and colleges, including the only graduate school of freshwater science in the U.S., the first CEPH accredited dedicated school of public health in Wisconsin, and the state's only school of architecture. As of the 2015-2016 school year, the University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee had an enrollment of 27,156, with 1,604 faculty members, offering 191 degree programs, including 94 bachelor's, 64 master's and 33 doctorate degrees.The university is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Highest research activity\". In 2015, the university had research expenditure of $62 million.The university's athletic teams are the Panthers. A total of 15 Panther athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I. Panthers have won the James J. McCafferty Trophy as the Horizon League's all-sports champions seven times since 2000. They have earned 133 Horizon League titles and made 40 NCAA tournament appearances as of 2016.", "Q238884": "Shirley Knight Hopkins (born July 5, 1936) is an American actress who has appeared in more than 50 feature films, television movies, television series, and Broadway and Off-Broadway productions in her career playing leading and character roles. She is a member of the Actors Studio.\nKnight has been nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress: for The Dark at the Top of the Stairs (1960) and Sweet Bird of Youth (1962). In the 1960s, she had leading roles in a number of Hollywood movies such as The Couch (1962), House of Women (1962), The Group (1966), The Counterfeit Killer (1968), and The Rain People (1969). She received the Volpi Cup for Best Actress for her role in the British film Dutchman (1966).\nIn 1976, Knight won a Tony Award for her performance in Kennedy's Children. In later years, she played supporting roles in many films, include Endless Love (1981), As Good as It Gets (1997), Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (2002), and Grandma's Boy (2006). For her performances on television, Knight was nominated eight times for a Primetime Emmy Award (winning three), and she has received a Golden Globe Award.", "Q1111701": "Bobby Steele (born Robert Charles Kaufhold on March 18, 1956) is an American punk rock musician. He is the current guitar player, songwriter, and sole original member of punk band The Undead. He has been a member of multiple other bands, most notably, as the second guitarist of The Misfits. He was replaced by Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein. He married Diana Viar who joined The Undead in November 2014. They are both in the band RIP that started in 2013.", "Q181665": "Ant\u00f3nio Agostinho Neto (17 September 1922 \u2013 10 September 1979) was an Angolan politician and poet. He served as the 1st President of Angola (1975\u20131979), having led the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) in the war for independence (1961\u20131974). Until his death, he led the MPLA in the civil war (1975\u20132002). Known also for his literary activities, he is considered Angola's preeminent poet. His birthday is celebrated as National Heroes' Day, a public holiday in Angola.", "Q113307": "Eugen Oswald Gustav Ernst (20 September 1864 \u2013 31 May 1954) was a German Social Democrat and Socialist politician. His appointment as President of the Police of Berlin in January 1919 prompted the Spartacist uprising in Berlin.", "Q31148": "The Double Man is a 1967 British spy film directed by Franklin Schaffner. Its plot is very loosely based on the critically acclaimed 1958 novel Legacy of a Spy by Henry S. Maxfield. As in the novel, much of the action takes place in the Austrian Alps. The film stars Yul Brynner as a CIA agent investigating his son's fatal \"accident\": although he learns a few things from others, he slowly is convinced something else is happening and discovers a fiendish Russian plan.", "Q538375": "Charles Patrick Roberts (born April 20, 1936) is an American politician of the Republican Party serving as the senior United States Senator from Kansas, a position he has held since 2011. Roberts had previously served 14 years as Kansas's junior senator.\nBorn in Topeka, Kansas, Roberts is a graduate of Kansas State University. He served as a captain in the U.S. Marine Corps and worked as a newspaper reporter before entering politics in the late 1960s. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1980 to succeed 1st District Congressman Keith Sebelius, for whom he had worked. He served eight terms in the House, including one as chairman of the House Agriculture Committee.\nRoberts was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1996, and is currently serving his fourth term. On the Intelligence Committee, he was responsible for an investigation into the intelligence failures prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. He is currently the dean of Kansas's congressional delegation and Chairman of the Senate Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Committee. He is the first person to chair both the House and the Senate agriculture committees.On January 4, 2019, Roberts announced that he would not seek reelection in 2020.\n\n", "Q45811": "Martin J. Sherwin (born July 2, 1937 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American historian. His scholarship mostly concerns the history of the development of atomic energy and nuclear proliferation.\nSherwin received his B.A. from Dartmouth College and his Ph.D. in history from the University of California, Los Angeles. He was the long-time Walter S. Dickson Professor of English and American History at Tufts University until his retirement in May 2007. He is now a professor emeritus of Tufts and a University Professor at George Mason University.\nHe and co-author Kai Bird shared the 2006 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography for their book on Robert Oppenheimer's life, titled American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer. Sherwin worked on the book for two decades before Bird, a writer (and not a historian), came on to collaborate in piecing all his research together.\nSherwin also wrote A World Destroyed: Hiroshima and its Legacies, which won the Stuart L. Bernath Prize, and the National Historical Society's American History Book Prize. A previous book on nuclear policy was a runner-up for the Pulitzer.\nSherwin serves on the board of The Nation magazine, to which he is a regular contributor. While a professor at Princeton University, he taught and mentored Katrina vanden Heuvel, now editor-in-chief of The Nation.\nHe lives in Washington, D.C. with his wife, Susan.", "Q131818": "Oran (, also UK: , US: , French: [\u0254\u0281\u0251\u0303]; Arabic: \u0648\u064e\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200e, romanized: Wahr\u0101n) is a major coastal city located in the north-west of Algeria. It is considered the second most important city of Algeria after the capital Algiers, due to its commercial, industrial, and cultural importance. It is 432 km (268 mi) from Algiers. The total population of the city was 759,645 in 2008, while the metropolitan area has a population of approximately 1,500,000 making it the second largest city in Algeria.A legend says that in 900 CE, lions still lived in the area. The last two lions were hunted on a mountain near Oran and are elsewhere referred to as \"mountain lions\".", "Q780720": "Jimmy Yves Newman (August 29, 1927 \u2013 June 21, 2014), better known as Jimmy C. Newman (the C stands for Cajun), was an American country music and cajun singer-songwriter and long-time star of the Grand Ole Opry.", "Q138182": "Beijing Film Academy (BFA; simplified Chinese: \u5317\u4eac\u7535\u5f71\u5b66\u9662; traditional Chinese: \u5317\u4eac\u96fb\u5f71\u5b78\u9662; pinyin: B\u011bij\u012bng Di\u00e0ny\u01d0ng Xu\u00e9yu\u00e0n) is a coeducational state-run higher education institution in Beijing, China. The film school is the largest institution specialising in the tertiary education for film and television production in Asia. The academy has earned international recognition for its achievements in film production.\n\n", "Q1011073": "Haicheng (Chinese: \u6d77\u57ce; pinyin: H\u01ceich\u00e9ng; literally: 'Sea City') is a county-level city in central Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of the provincial capital Shenyang. It is under the administration of Anshan City, the seat of which lies 36 kilometres (22 mi) to the northeast.\nHaicheng has an area of 2,734 square kilometres (1,056 sq mi) and a population of 1,130,000.The infamous warlord General Zhang Zuolin was born in Haicheng.", "Q232417": "Dame Antonia Susan Duffy (n\u00e9e Drabble; born 24 August 1936), known professionally as A. S. Byatt ( BY-\u0259t), is an English novelist, poet and Booker Prize winner. In 2008, The Times newspaper named her on its list of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945.", "Q485186": "Key West (Spanish: Cayo Hueso) is an island city in the Straits of Florida, within the U.S. state of Florida. The city lies at the southernmost end of U.S. Route 1, the longest north\u2013south road in the United States. Key West is the southernmost city in the contiguous United States and the westernmost island connected by highway in the Florida Keys. The island is about 4 miles (6.4 km) long and 1 mile (1.6 km) wide, with a total land area of 4.2 square miles (11 km2). Duval Street, its main street, is 1.1 miles (1.8 km) in length in its 14-block-long crossing from the Gulf of Mexico to the Straits of Florida and the Atlantic Ocean. Key West is about 95 miles (153 km) north of Cuba at their closest points.The city is the county seat of Monroe County which includes all of the Florida Keys. The city boundaries include the island of Key West and all or part of several nearby islands: Sigsbee Park, Fleming Key, Sunset Key, and the northern part of Stock Island. The total land area of the city is 5.6 square miles (14.5 km2). Key West is the southern terminus of U.S. Route 1, State Road A1A, the East Coast Greenway and, before 1935, the Florida East Coast Railway.\nKey West is 130 miles (210 km) southwest of Miami by air, about 165 miles (266 km) by road, and 106 miles (171 km) north-northeast of Havana. Key West is a port of call for many passenger cruise ships. The Key West International Airport provides airline service. Naval Air Station Key West is an important year-round training site for naval aviation due to the tropical weather, which is also the reason Key West was chosen as the site of President Harry S. Truman's Winter White House. The central business district is located along Duval Street and includes much of the northwestern corner of the island. The official city motto is \"One Human Family\".", "Q468230": "Kate Elizabeth Piper (born 12 October 1983) is an English writer, activist, television presenter and model from Andover, Hampshire.\nIn March 2008, she was attacked with acid by her ex-boyfriend and an accomplice, causing major damage to her face and blindness in one eye. Piper underwent pioneering surgery to restore her face and vision. Both attackers were convicted and given life sentences. In 2018, her attacker was released after serving nine years in prison.In 2009, Piper gave up her right to anonymity in order to increase awareness about burn victims. Her experience was documented in the 2009 Channel 4 documentary Katie: My Beautiful Face part of the Cutting Edge series. It has subsequently been sold internationally.\nMore recently, Piper has appeared in follow-up series for Channel 4, released a best-selling autobiography, and had a regular column in weekly magazines. She also presents the Channel 4 television series Bodyshockers about members of the public about to undergo body-altering procedures and those who regret procedures they have had. Her main work has been for the Katie Piper Foundation, which she founded to help victims of burns and other disfigurement injuries. On 13 August 2018, she was announced as the first contestant for that year's Strictly Come Dancing.", "Q101703": "Astrid Katharina Josefine Grotel\u00fcschen, b. Schober (born December 9, 1964 in Cologne) is a German politician (CDU). She has been a member of the German Bundestag since the 18th general election, having won the direct mandate in the constituency of Delmenhorst \u2013 Wesermarsch \u2013 Oldenburg-Land in both the 2013 and 2017 general elections. She was already a directly elected member of the German Bundestag from 2009 to 2010, and from April 2010 until her resignation in December of the same year, State Minister for Food, Agriculture, Consumer Protection and Regional Development of Lower Saxony.", "Q467103": "Julie Fowlis (born 20 June 1978) is a Scottish folk singer and multi-instrumentalist who sings primarily in Scottish Gaelic.", "Q86682": "Walter Riml (September 23, 1905 \u2013 June 21, 1994) was an Austrian cameraman and actor.", "Q347922": "Melissa Smith (born June 4, 1982), better known by her stage name Melissa Molinaro, is a Canadian-American pop singer, actress, dancer, choreographer and model. She is perhaps best known for her reality TV appearances on Making the Band 3 and Pussycat Dolls Present: The Search for the Next Doll. She has recently co-starred in Dolph Lundgren's action film, Command Performance, and had a major role in Honey 2. She adopted her mother's maiden name Molinaro as her professional name in 2010. Melissa has received notable attention from her appearance in Old Navy's \"Super C-U-T-E\" commercial in 2011 and for the video for \"Dance Floor\", the first single from Melissa's debut album \"The Love/Dance Project\". She is married to Bryan Kowalski and had a daughter with him called London Rose.", "Q88877": "Theo Breuer (born 30 March 1956) is a German poet, essayist, editor, translator and publisher.", "Q1239753": "Donald Charles Winter (born June 15, 1948) is an American politician and businessman who served as United States Secretary of the Navy . A former top executive of TRW, Aerospace & Defense, he was nominated in 2005 by President George W. Bush, confirmed by the United States Senate, and took the oath of office on January 3, 2006. In January 2009 Defense Secretary Gates requested that Winter remain in office until President Obama picked his successor on March 13, 2009. He resigned on March 13.\n\n", "Q431345": "Maurizio Gasparri (Rome, 18 July 1956) is an Italian politician.\nGasparri was member of the Italian Social Movement and National Alliance. During the course of his career he has served as Minister of Communications (2001 to 2005 in the Berlusconi II Cabinet). It was during his time in this role that he pushed for the law known popularly as the \"legge Gasparri\". In the XVI legislature he is the president of the senators of The People of Freedom.\nAlongside Ignazio La Russa, Gasparri is considered a leader of the AN mainstream faction Destra Protagonista. Gasparri worked as a journalist, becoming editor in chief of the \"Secolo d'Italia\" - the Italian Social Movement's daily paper.\nFollowing a weak showing in the regional elections of 2005, Gasparri was on 25 April 2006 replaced in Berlusconi's third Cabinet by Mario Landolfi.\nGasparri is against jus soli, Same-sex marriage and LGBT adoption.", "Q950326": "The Tongmenghui (or T'ung-meng Hui, variously translated as Chinese United League, United League, Chinese Revolutionary Alliance, Chinese Alliance, United Allegiance Society, \u4e2d\u570b\u540c\u76df\u6703) was a secret society and underground resistance movement founded by Sun Yat-sen, Song Jiaoren, and others in Tokyo, Japan, on 20 August 1905. It was formed from the merger of multiple Chinese revolutionary groups in the late Qing dynasty.", "Q62510": "Heike Makatsch (born 13 August 1971) is a German actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Lisa Addison in Resident Evil (2002), Mia in Love Actually (2003), and as Liesel's mother in The Book Thief (2013).\n\n", "Q5121453": "Circle in the Square Theatre School is a non-profit, tax exempt drama school associated with Circle in the Square Theatre; and is the only accredited conservatory attached to a Broadway theatre.It offers two 2-year full-time programs: a Professional Theatre Workshop, and a Professional Musical Theatre Workshop. The musical theatre program is unique in that it's identical to the acting program, except for additional musical classes. This gives the musical theatre students important, deep acting training so they can graduate as true, professional triple threats. Circle also offers seven-week summer intensives for acting and musical theatre students. \nCircle in the Square Theatre School's primary objective is to train actors and singers for work in professional theatre, film, and television; and utilizes an eclectic curriculum to expose the students to various acting styles, methods, and techniques. \nTheodore Mann started the highly selective school in 1961 with 15 students in a Greenwich Village venue on Bleecker Street when Circle in the Square Theatre was an Off-Broadway venue. In 1972, it moved to its current Broadway location in the Paramount Plaza. Its student body is now approximately 75 students. Jacqueline Brookes, the Broadway actress, was a member of the faculty from 1973 until her death in April 2013.Circle in the Square Theatre School offers its students the rare opportunity to train and perform in the Broadway Theatre, and see the shows at Circle for free.", "Q984177": "Woodside is a small incorporated town in San Mateo County, California, United States, on the San Francisco Peninsula. It has a council\u2013manager system of government. The population of the town was 5,287 at the 2010 census.Woodside is home to many horses and is among the wealthiest communities in the United States. The median household income in the town is $212,917, and the median family income is $246,042.", "Q234700": "Constance Elaine Trimmer Willis (born December 31, 1945), commonly known as Connie Willis, is an American science fiction and fantasy writer. She has won eleven Hugo Awards and seven Nebula Awards for particular works\u2014more major SF awards than any other writer\u2014most recently the \"Best Novel\" Hugo and Nebula Awards for Blackout/All Clear (2010). She was inducted by the Science Fiction Hall of Fame in 2009 and the Science Fiction Writers of America named her its 28th SFWA Grand Master in 2011.Several of her works feature time travel by history students at a faculty of the future University of Oxford\u2014sometimes called the Time Travel series. They are the short story \"Fire Watch\" (1982, also in several anthologies and the 1985 collection of the same name), the novels Doomsday Book and To Say Nothing of the Dog (1992 and 1997), as well as the two-part novel Blackout/All Clear (2010). All four won the annual Hugo Award but Doomsday Book and Blackout/All Clear won both the Hugo and Nebula Awards.", "Q111276": "Heinrich K\u00f6rting (15 March 1859 \u2013 19 July 1890) was a German philologist and a brother of Gustav K\u00f6rting. \nLike his brother he was a Romance scholar. He was born in Leipzig, became Privatdozent in 1885, and in 1889 an associate professor at the University of Leipzig. He was co-editor of the journal Zeitschrift f\u00fcr neufranz\u00f6sische Sprache und Literatur.", "Q116519": "L\u00e9on Savary (Fleurier, 1895 - Boudry, 1968) was a Swiss French-speaking writer and journalist from Payerne, Vaud.", "Q8822": "Robot Chicken is an American stop motion sketch comedy television series, created and executive produced for Adult Swim by Seth Green and Matthew Senreich along with co-head writers Douglas Goldstein and Tom Root. The writers, especially Green, also provide many of the voices. Senreich, Goldstein, and Root were formerly writers for the popular action figure hobbyist magazine ToyFare. Robot Chicken has won an Annie Award and six Emmy Awards.", "Q983618": "D\u00f3nal Lunny (born 10 March 1947) is an Irish folk musician and producer. He plays left-handed guitar and bouzouki, as well as keyboards and bodhr\u00e1n. As a founding member of popular bands Planxty, The Bothy Band, Moving Hearts, Coolfin, Mozaik, LAPD, and Usher's Island, he has been at the forefront of the renaissance of Irish traditional music for over five decades.\nD\u00f3nal Lunny is the brother of musician and producer Manus Lunny. He has a son, Shane, whose mother is singer Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor.", "Q215916": "Willi Apel (October 10, 1893 \u2013 March 14, 1988) was a German-American musicologist and noted author of a number of books devoted to music.\nApel was born in Konitz, West Prussia, now Chojnice in Poland. He studied mathematics from 1912 to 1914, and then again after World War I from 1918 to 1922, in various universities in Weimar Germany. Throughout his studies, he had an interest in music and taught piano lessons. He then turned to music full-time, and essentially taught himself about musicology. He received his Ph.D. in 1936 in Berlin (with a dissertation on 15th and 16th century tonality) and immigrated to the USA the same year. He taught at Harvard from 1938 to 1942, but moved on to spend twenty years at Indiana University beginning in 1950. In 1972 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the university.\nApel's work of the 1940s included books of broad scope, such as the Harvard Dictionary of Music (1944), which he edited, and Historical Anthology of Music (1949, co-authored with Archibald Thompson Davison). His approach was to give as much attention to Medieval, Renaissance and world music as was given to familiar subjects such as Mozart and Beethoven; this influenced the higher music education in the USA. His book on the notation of early polyphonic music was also written in the 1940s, and still serves as one of the essential works on the subject.\nIn 1950 Apel's interest in early polyphonic notation resulted in an important edition, French Secular Music of the Late Fourteenth Century. In 1958 he published a large work on plainchant, which provided a comprehensive guide of the repertoire and its sources. In early 1960s he founded the Corpus of Early Keyboard Music (CEKM), a series of editions devoted to early keyboard music. Over the years, CEKM presented the music of less known composers such as Johann Ulrich Steigleder, Bernardo Storace, Peeter Cornet, and others, and also included modern editions of various important manuscripts such as the 16th century Jan z Lublina tablature. Apel was the general editor for CEKM and edited a total of ten volumes; his pupils provided dozens more.\n1967 saw the publication of Geschichte der Orgel- und Klaviermusik, a large work on the history of keyboard music. An English translation (by Hans Tischler) appeared in 1972. Apel's last book was a collection of essays from 1973\u201381, all dedicated to Italian violin music of the 17th century.\nWilli Apel died at age 94 in Bloomington, Indiana.", "Q3094172": "Gabrielle Aghion (n\u00e9e Hanoka; 1921 \u2013 27 September 2014) was a French fashion designer and the founder of the French fashion house Chlo\u00e9. She is said to have coined the phrase \"pr\u00eat-\u00e0-porter\".", "Q290908": "Peter Bergen (born December 12, 1962) is an American journalist, author, and producer who serves as CNN's national security analyst, New America's vice president, and as a professor of practice at Arizona State University. He produced the first television interview with Osama bin Laden in 1997. The interview, which aired on CNN, marked the first time that bin Laden declared war against the United States to a Western audience.Bergen has written or edited eight books: Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden (2001), The Osama bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of al Qaeda's Leader (2006), The Longest War: The Enduring Conflict between America and Al-Qaeda (2011), Manhunt: The Ten-Year Search for Bin Laden From 9/11 to Abbottabad (2012), Talibanistan: Negotiating the Borders Between Terror, Politics, and Religion (2013), Drone Wars: Transforming Conflict, Law, and Policy (2014), United States of Jihad: Investigating America's Homegrown Terrorists (2016), and Trump and His Generals: The Cost of Chaos (2019). Three of the books were New York Times bestsellers, four of the books were named among the best non-fiction books of the year by the Washington Post and they have been translated into 21 languages.", "Q232371": "Lucy Gordon (22 May 1980 \u2013 20 May 2009) was an English actress and model. She became a face of CoverGirl in 1997 before starting an acting career. Her first film was Perfume in 2001 before going on to have small roles in Spider-Man 3, Serendipity and The Four Feathers. Gordon had played the actress and singer Jane Birkin in the film Gainsbourg, a biopic of singer-songwriter Serge Gainsbourg. Before the film was released, she was found hanged in her flat in Paris on 20 May 2009 after dying by suicide.", "Q35448": "Pyotr Nikolayevich Krasnov (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432; September 22 (September 10 old style), 1869 \u2013 January 17, 1947), sometimes referred to in English as Peter Krasnov, was a Don Cossack historian and officer, promoted to Lieutenant General of the Russian army when the revolution broke out in 1917, one of the leaders of the counter-revolutionary White movement afterwards and a Nazi collaborator who mobilized Cossack forces to fight against the Soviet Union during World War II.", "Q321319": "The Cemetery Dahlem (German: Friedhof Dahlem, sometimes improperly referred to as Friedhof Dahlem-Dorf) is a cemetery in Berlin-Dahlem. The cemetery was built according to the plans of the architects Friedrich and Wilhelm Hennigs.", "Q171582": "11:14 is a 2003 independent black comedy film written and directed by Greg Marcks, and starring an ensemble cast, including Rachael Leigh Cook, Ben Foster, Clark Gregg, Colin Hanks, Shawn Hatosy, Barbara Hershey, Stark Sands, Hilary Swank, Patrick Swayze, and Henry Thomas. The film's plot revolves around various characters during the pivotal time of 11:14 p.m. in a small American town.", "Q264137": "Caroline Records is a record label originally founded in 1973. Initially founded in the United Kingdom to showcase British progressive rock groups, the label ceased releasing titles in 1976 and the re-emerged in the United States in 1986 to release the work of American punk, post-punk and alternative rock bands. Caroline has or had a number of subsidiary labels including Astralwerks, Gyroscope, Caroline Blue Plate, Beat the World, Scamp, and Passenger.\n\n", "Q110168": "Georg Julius Leopold Engel (born 22 October 1866 in Greifswald; died 19 October 1931 in Berlin ) was a successful German writer, dramatist and literary critic. His novels appeared in large print runs. He also used the pseudonym Johannes J\u00f6rgensen.", "Q1048660": "Egon Orowan FRS (Hungarian: Orov\u00e1n Egon) (August 2, 1902 \u2013 August 3, 1989) was a Hungarian-British physicist and metallurgist. According to Gy\u00f6rgy Marx, he was one of The Martians.", "Q236117": "Anna C. Belknap (born May 22, 1972) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Detective Lindsay Monroe Messer on CSI: NY.", "Q1356380": "Marin Petrov Goleminov (Bulgarian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0413\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432; 28 September 1908 \u2013 19 February 2000) was a Bulgarian composer, violinist, conductor and pedagogue.", "Q876493": "Michael Fleischhacker (born May 26, 1969 in Friesach, Carinthia) is an Austrian journalist. He was director and editor-in-chief of Austrian daily Die Presse from 2004 until 2012.", "Q78548": "Harald Ertl (31 August 1948 \u2013 7 April 1982) was an Austrian racing driver and motorsport journalist. Ertl was born in Zell am See and attended the same school as Grand Prix drivers Jochen Rindt and Helmut Marko.\nErtl sported an Inspector Clouseau-style moustache and beard. He worked his way through the German Formula Vee and Super Vee, and then on to Formula Three, before a successful switch to Touring Cars. During this period, he gained sufficient sponsorship to enter Formula One, where he drove with various outfits between 1975 and 1980. Ertl is probably best remembered as one of the four drivers who helped to get Niki Lauda out of his burning Ferrari in the 1976 German Grand Prix.", "Q782889": "Aventura is an American bachata group that broke into the mainstream with their 2002 hit \"Obsesi\u00f3n (featuring Judy Santos)\". With a line-up comprising Romeo Santos, Lenny Santos, Henry Santos and Max Agende Santos, they are regarded as one of the most influential Latin groups of all time. The group were integral to the evolution of bachata music and are the pioneers of the modern bachata sound. Aventura released five studio albums in a decade, spawning many top 10 hits like \"Cuando Volver\u00e1s\", \"Un Beso\", \"Mi Corazoncito\", \"Los Infieles\", \"El Perdedor\", \"Por Un Segundo\", \"Dile Al Amor\", among others. They have sold out many arenas including the world famous Madison Square Garden. Aventura has been nominated for awards such as American Music Awards, the Latin Grammy Awards, Billboard Latin Music Awards, and Premio Lo Nuestro. Aventura is one of the most internationally recognized Latin groups of the last two decades and frequently refer to themselves as \"K.O.B.\", or \"Kings of Bachata\".", "Q145627": "John Gavin (born Juan Vincent Apablasa Jr.; April 8, 1931 \u2013 February 9, 2018) was an American actor who was the president of the Screen Actors Guild (1971\u201373), and the United States Ambassador to Mexico (1981\u201386). He was best known for his performances in the films Imitation of Life (1959), Spartacus (1960), Psycho (1960), and Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967), playing leading roles in a series of films for producer Ross Hunter.", "Q67468": "Nods is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).", "Q70114": "Victor I, Duke of Ratibor, Prince of Corvey, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsf\u00fcrst (German: Viktor Moritz Carl 1.Herzog von Ratibor, 1.F\u00fcrst von Corvey, Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsf\u00fcrst; 10 February 1818 \u2013 30 January 1893) was a member of House of Hohenlohe-Schillingsf\u00fcrst and later Duke of the Silesian duchy of Ratibor (Czech: Ratibo\u0159, Polish: Racib\u00f3rz).", "Q187572": "Zell am See is the administrative capital of the Zell am See District in the Austrian state of Salzburg. The town is an important tourist destination known as Zell am See-Kaprun and is a transportation hub for the region.", "Q115010": "Maximilian Romedio Johann-Ernst Graf von Thun und Hohenstein (born 21 February 1977 in Munich, Germany), commonly known as Max von Thun, is an Austrian actor and television presenter. He is the son of actor Friedrich von Thun.", "Q82382": "Langenburg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8la\u014b\u0259nb\u028a\u0250\u032fk]) is a town in the district of Schw\u00e4bisch Hall, in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is located on a hill above the river Jagst, 18 km northeast of Schw\u00e4bisch Hall. It is also the place where the Wibele - small, sweet, biscuit-like pastries - were invented and are still baked today.", "Q61019": "Heinrich Kramer (c. 1430 \u2013 1505), also known under the Latinized name Henricus Institor, was a German churchman and inquisitor. With his widely distributed book Malleus Maleficarum (1487), which describes witchcraft and endorses detailed processes for the extermination of witches, he was instrumental in establishing the period of witch trials in the early modern period.", "Q444057": "Diabolically Yours (French: Diaboliquement v\u00f4tre) is a 1967 thriller film starring Alain Delon and Senta Berger. It was the last film by director Julien Duvivier.", "Q85406": "Hubert Gorbach (born 27 July 1956) is an Austrian politician and a member of the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZ\u00d6). Until April 2005, he was a leading member in the Freedom Party. Born in Vorarlberg, he was vice-governor (German: Landeshauptmannstellvertreter) of Vorarlberg until 2003.\nIn 2003, he succeeded Herbert Haupt as Vice-Chancellor of Austria. From February 2003 until June 2004, Gorbach was Federal Minister for Transport, Innovation and Technology in Austria in a coalition government headed by the People's Party.\nBefore starting his political career, he was a manager in the textile industry (Getzner).\nHe is married and is interested in horses.\nHe has praised Alexander Lukashenko's Belarus, stating its elections are \"up to West European standards\".In October 2011, Hubert Gorbach lost his driving licence because of driving under the influence.", "Q51131": "Nikolay Aleksandrovich Lvov (May 4, 1753 \u2013 December 21, 1803) was a Russian artist of the Age of Enlightenment. Lvov, an amateur of Rurikid lineage, was a polymath who contributed to geology, history, graphic arts and poetry, but is known primarily as an architect and ethnographer, compiler of the first significant collection of Russian folk songs (the Lvov-Prach collection).\nLvov's architecture represented the second, \"strict\" generation of neoclassicism stylistically close to Giacomo Quarenghi. Lvov worked in Saint Petersburg but his best works survived in the countryside, especially his native Tver Governorate. He redesigned the external appearance of Peter and Paul Fortress and created an unprecedented Trinity Church combining a Roman rotunda with one-of-a-kind pyramidal bell tower. He adapted rammed earth technology to the environment of Northern Russia and used it in his extant Priory Palace in Gatchina; Lvov's construction school, established in 1797, trained over 800 craftsmen. He managed geological surveys and published a treatise on the coals from Donets Basin and Moscow Basin. He experimented with coal pyrolysis, proposed new uses for coal tar and sulphur, and wrote a reference book on heating and ventilation.\nLvov designed the badges of the Order of St. Vladimir and the Order of St. Anna, translated works by Anacreon, Palladio, Petrarch, Sappho and the Saga of King Harald into Russian language, wrote libretto for opera and vaudeville, researched Russian chronicles and published one of the first versions of the bylina of Dobrynya Nikitich. In 1783 he became one of the first 36 members of the Russian Academy.\nIn 1931 Vladislav Khodasevich called Lvov \"an intelligent and subtle connoisseur of everything ... who was not destined to do anything remarkable.\" Later researchers appreciated Lvov's contribution: Richard Taruskin considered Lvov's collection of folk songs \"the greatest and most culturally significant of Russian folk collections\", Philip Bohlman credited discovery of Russian folk art \"all from the actions of a single individual, Lvov\", William Craft Brumfield called Lvov \"one of the greatest neoclassical architects produced in the reign of Catherine the Great... neoclassical aesthetics at its purest\".\n\n", "Q41322": "Edward Charles Francis Publius de Bono (born 19 May 1933) is a Maltese physician, psychologist, author, inventor and consultant. He originated the term lateral thinking, wrote the book Six Thinking Hats and is a proponent of the teaching of thinking as a subject in schools.\n\n", "Q95615": "Thomasin von Zirclaere, also called Thomas\u00een von Zerclaere or Tommasino Di Cerclaria (c. 1186 \u2013 c. 1235) was an Italian Middle High German lyric poet. The epic poem Der W\u00e4lsche Gast (original: Der welhische gast, \"The Romance stranger\") is the only preserved work by him.", "Q474194": "Amory Bloch Lovins (born November 13, 1947) is an American writer, physicist, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. He has written on energy policy and related areas for four decades. In 1983, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for \"pioneering soft energy paths for global security.\" He was named by TIME magazine one of the World's 100 most influential people in 2009.\nLovins has promoted energy efficiency, the use of renewable energy sources, and the generation of energy at or near the site where the energy is actually used. Lovins has also advocated a \"negawatt revolution\" arguing that utility customers don't want kilowatt-hours of electricity; they want energy services. In the 1990s, his work with Rocky Mountain Institute included the design of an ultra-efficient automobile, the Hypercar.\nLovins does not see his energy ideas as green or left-wing, and he is an advocate of private enterprise and free market economics. He notes that Rupert Murdoch has made News Corporation carbon-neutral, with savings of millions of dollars. But, says Lovins, large institutions are becoming more \"gridlocked and moribund\", and he supports the rise of \"citizen organizations\" around the world.\nLovins has received ten honorary doctorates and won many awards. He has provided expert testimony in eight countries, briefed 19 heads of state, and published 31 books. These books include Reinventing Fire, Winning the Oil Endgame, Small is Profitable, Brittle Power, and Natural Capitalism.\n\n", "Q201750": "Giovanni Battista Franzoni (8 November 1928 \u2013 13 July 2017) was an Italian Christian communist and dissident Catholic theologian. A Benedictine, he was Abbot of St. Paul's Outside the Walls from 1964 to 1973. Having become involved in activism and politics, he was laicized by Pope Paul VI in 1976.\n\n", "Q67483": "Hans Biebow (December 18, 1902 \u2013 June 23, 1947) was the chief of German Nazi \nadministration of the Litzmannstadt Ghetto in occupied Poland.\nBiebow's early life is summarized by the following curriculum vitae which he submitted to the German Ghetto Administration (German: Gettoverwaltung) on 10 May 1940.\n\nI was born December 18, 1902, in Bremen, the son of Julius Biebow, an insurance company director. After graduating from secondary school, I entered my father's company \u2014 the district branch of the Stuttgart Insurance Company \u2014 as an apprentice, planning on eventually assuming my father's post. I received thorough training, remaining there an additional year as an employee. Since the insurance business had come almost completely to a standstill during the inflation, I then gave up my position to join the cereal and foodstuff bank in Bremen as a trainee. From there I went into the cereal business and stayed in this trade until I was 22. I should mention that I managed a large branch of an Eichsfeld cereal company in G\u00f6ttingen for half a year. When the inflation ended, I became particularly interested in the reviving coffee trade. After a short training period with a business friend of my father's, I opened my own business with very little capital, building it, in the course of 18 years, into one of the largest such companies in Germany. At the end I employed about 250 workers and office personnel.\nAfter working as a coffee importer in his hometown of Bremen, Biebow became the overseer of the Litzmannstadt Ghetto. He realized that the Litzmannstadt Ghetto could make a profit for the Germans if it were converted into essentially a slave labor complex.\nUnder his administration, the 164,000 Jews of Poland's second largest city were crammed into a small area of the city. Communication between the Ghetto inhabitants and the outside world was completely cut off and the supply of food was severely limited, ensuring that many of the inhabitants of the Ghetto would slowly starve. Over the course of its existence, the population of the Ghetto swelled to 204,000 with more Jews from Central Europe being sent there. The Ghetto Administration remained in operation from April 1940 until the summer of 1944, but there were transports out of the Ghetto to German extermination camps (primarily Auschwitz and Chelmno).\nHe was directly responsible for starving the ghetto's population beyond limits of endurance, and he assisted the Gestapo in rounding up Jews during deportations. In the days just before the liberation of Lodz by the Red Army, Biebow ordered large burial pits to be dug in the local cemetery, intending that the Gestapo execute the remaining 877 Jews who served as a clean-up crew in the ghetto. This might have been an attempt by Biebow to eliminate witnesses to his role in the workings of the Ghetto.\nBiebow exercised his control in part through a Jewish administration headed by Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski. Rumkowski believed that the Jews could survive if they produced cheap, essential goods for the Nazis. Biebow profited substantially from the sale of the products of Jewish labour as well as from the seized properties of Jews. He is also said to have provided less food to Ghetto inhabitants than was paid for, pocketing the difference. The Ghetto factories produced products such as boots for German soldiers and were profitable for the Germans because the Jews, cut off from all resources, worked for wages that consisted only of bread, soup, and other essentials. The German profits from the Jewish factories have been estimated at $14,000,000 and the productivity of the Ghetto was a factor in its comparatively long survival. The inhabitants endured four years of starvation, illness and overcrowding before being sent to the extermination camps of Che\u0142mno and Auschwitz. Of the 204,000 inhabitants, approximately 104,000 survived.Among the Nazi hierarchy, Biebow was an early exponent of using the Jews as cheap labor rather than killing them, but he readily adapted to the extermination policy. Survivors report his encouraging the last surviving Jews of the Ghetto in the summer of 1944 to board the trains to Auschwitz with a speech that began \"My Jews...\u201d and promised them work in the West.\nBiebow was able to escape into hiding in Germany in 1945 after the unconditional surrender, but was recognized by a survivor of the ghetto and subsequently arrested in Bremen. After he was extradited by the Allies to \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, he stood trial from April 23 to April 30, 1947. He was found guilty on all counts and executed by hanging on June 23, 1947.", "Q134035": "Rodney Lee Davis (born January 5, 1970) is an American Republican politician who has been the U.S. Representative for Illinois's 13th congressional district since 2013.", "Q562084": "Mark Andreas Sheppard (born 30 May 1964) is a British-American actor and musician. He is often credited as \"Mark A. Sheppard\". Sheppard is known for playing the demon/King of Hell Crowley on Supernatural and for his recurring roles as lawyer Romo Lampkin on the Battlestar Galactica reboot, Interpol investigator James Sterling on Leverage, and small-time crime lord Badger on Joss Whedon's Firefly.", "Q1391146": "Jesus \"Jesse\" Ernesto Pintado Andrade (July 12, 1969 \u2013 August 27, 2006) was a lead guitar player born in Mexico who at an early age moved to the US. He started in the grindcore band Terrorizer where he recorded the album World Downfall, the first album to feature Pete Sandoval who would later leave the band to join Morbid Angel. It was Jesse Pintado who coined the term \"grindcore\" for the first time (in 1983), to describe a musical mixture of \"noise and chaos\" which he was developing at that time.\nHe lived in Huntington Park, California (his home address was even on the booklet of the \"World Downfall\" CD for contacting), but moved to Birmingham, England after he joined Napalm Death, where he replaced guitarist Bill Steer immediately prior to the recording of their album Harmony Corruption.\nIn 2004 he officially left Napalm Death; instead of replacing him, the band has since continued as a four-piece. Pintado later revived Terrorizer, recruiting Tony Norman of Monstrosity and Anthony Rezhawk of Resistant Culture; he and Pete Sandoval were the only original members.\nBesides Terrorizer and Napalm Death he also played in Lock Up and Brujeria (see discography below). Both bands also featured Napalm Death bass player Shane Embury.\nHis last residence was Ridderkerk in the Netherlands, and a few weeks after the release of Terrorizer's second album, he died in a hospital in the Netherlands due to liver failure after a diabetes-induced coma. His death also stemmed from excessive drinking.", "Q97002": "Wolfgang Heinz Porsche (born Stuttgart 10 May 1943) is an Austrian manager and a member of the Porsche family dynasty. He is a shareholder and chairman of the Supervisory Board of Porsche Automobil Holding SE as well as of Porsche AG. He is the youngest son of Ferdinand (Ferry) Porsche and Dorothea Reitz. His oldest brother is Ferdinand (Butzi) Porsche, designer of the Porsche 911.After school he trained as a metalworker and went on to obtain a degree in Business Administration from the Vienna University of Economics and Business. After qualifying, Porsche established his own business, importing Yamaha motorbikes to Austria. In 1976 he joined Daimler-Benz. Two years later he was appointed to the Supervisory Board of Porsche AG. In 2007 he became Chairman of both Porsche AG and Porsche Automobil Holding SE. In 2008 he also joined the Supervisory Board of Volkswagen AG.Porsche was married to the director and screenplay writer Susanne Bresser from 1988 until their divorce in 2008. They have two sons.\n\n", "Q1878644": "Lydie Auvray (born 1956 in Langrune-sur-Mer in D\u00e9partement Calvados in Normandy) is a French accordionist, composer and singer. She lives in Cologne.\nAfter finishing school in 1974 she moved to Germany to improve her language skills. She first appeared on stage in Berlin in 1976 and played with folk-singer J\u00fcrgen Slopianka. The following year she began touring as an accompanist for various singers in West Germany, including Thommie Bayer and Klaus Hoffmann. With Hoffman she recorded a live double-album, Ein Konzert. From 1980 she began playing and touring with German folk-singer Hannes Wader. In 1982 she founded her own backing group, the Auvrettes.She recorded several albums in the early 1980s. Her 1987 album, D'accord, was produced by her friend Stefan Stoppok. She then made several trips to Martinique, which influenced her work.\nIn 2003 she published her autobiography, Jubil\u00e4um.", "Q7522": "Carmen Hermosillo (died August 10, 2008), A.K.A. humdog, was a community manager/research analyst, essayist, and poet. A contributor to 2GQ (now New Oregon Arts & Letters), FringeWare Review, wired, and Leonardo, Peter Ludlow's High Noon on the Electronic Frontier, and How to Mutate and Take Over the World, she was a participant in many online communities including early chat rooms and internet forums such as The WELL, BBSs, and later activities such as Second Life.\nIn 1994 she published a widely influential essay online, \"Pandora's Vox: On Community in Cyberspace\", in which she argued that the result of computer networks had led to, not a reduction in hierarchy, but actually a commodification of personality and a complex transfer of power and information to companies.", "Q54049": "Jogaila (Jogaila), later W\u0142adys\u0142aw II Jagie\u0142\u0142o (Polish pronunciation: [vwa\u02c8d\u0268swaf ja\u02c8\u0261\u02b2\u025bw\u02d0\u0254] (listen)) (c. 1352/1362 \u2013 1 June 1434) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377\u20131434) and then the King of Poland (1386\u20131434), first alongside his wife Jadwiga until 1399, and then sole King of Poland. He ruled in Lithuania from 1377. Born a pagan, in 1386 he converted to Catholicism and was baptized as W\u0142adys\u0142aw in Krak\u00f3w, married the young Queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland as W\u0142adys\u0142aw II Jagie\u0142\u0142o. In 1387 he converted Lithuania to Christianity. His own reign in Poland started in 1399, upon the death of Queen Jadwiga, and lasted a further thirty-five years and laid the foundation for the centuries-long Polish\u2013Lithuanian union. He was a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland that bears his name and was previously also known as the Gediminid dynasty in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The dynasty ruled both states until 1572, and became one of the most influential dynasties in late medieval and early modern Central and Eastern Europe. During his reign, the Polish-Lithuanian state was the largest state in the Christian world.Jogaila was the last pagan ruler of medieval Lithuania. After he became King of Poland, as a result of the Union of Krewo, the newly formed Polish-Lithuanian union confronted the growing power of the Teutonic Knights. The allied victory at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, followed by the Peace of Thorn, secured the Polish and Lithuanian borders and marked the emergence of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian alliance as a significant force in Europe. The reign of W\u0142adys\u0142aw II Jagie\u0142\u0142o extended Polish frontiers and is often considered the beginning of Poland's Golden Age. However it is also known that Jogaila himself knew and spoke in the Lithuanian language with Vytautas the Great.", "Q8611": "La Spezia (UK: , US: or , Italian: [la \u02c8sp\u025bttsja] (listen); A Sp\u00e8za in the local Spezzino dialect) is the capital city of the province of La Spezia and is located at the head of the Gulf of La Spezia in the southern part of the Liguria region of Italy.\nLa Spezia is the second largest city in the Liguria region, just after Genoa. Located roughly midway between Genoa and Pisa, on the Ligurian Sea, it is one of the main Italian military and commercial harbours and a major Italian Navy base. A significant railway junction, it is notable for its museums, for the Palio del Golfo rowing race, and for railway and boat links with the Cinque Terre.", "Q34965": "Jeri Janet Ellsworth (born August 14, 1974) is an American entrepreneur and computer chip designer and inventor. She gained fame in 2004 for creating a complete Commodore 64 system on a chip housed within a joystick, called C64 Direct-to-TV. It runs 30 video games from the early 1980s, and at peak, sold over 70,000 units in a single day via the QVC shopping channel.Ellsworth co-founded CastAR (formerly Technical Illusions) in 2013 and stayed with the company until it shut down on June 26, 2017. In late 2014, she moved from Seattle to Mountain View, California with the CastAR team.", "Q514112": "Joseph \"Nin-Nin\" Reinhardt (1912-1982) was the younger brother of the famous jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt and played rhythm guitar on most of Django's pre-war recordings, especially those with the Paris-based Quintette du Hot Club de France between 1934 and 1939. From 1943 onwards he also made recordings which show him to be a gypsy jazz stylist of some distinction, and with his own guitar voice somewhat distinct from Django's. He was an early pioneer of the amplified jazz guitar in France and performed for years on a home-made instrument of his own design.", "Q1343000": "James Sebastian Faulkner (born 18 July 1948) is an English actor. He is best known for playing Pope Sixtus IV in the television series Da Vinci's Demons (2013\u20132015), Randyll Tarly in the television series Game of Thrones (2016\u20132017), and Saint Paul in the film Paul, Apostle of Christ (2018).", "Q1807090": "Lars Olof \"Olle\" Gustaf Ljungstr\u00f6m (12 August 1961 \u2013 4 May 2016) was a Swedish singer, songwriter, and musician. Ljungstr\u00f6m grew up in Vaxholm. He was vocalist and guitarist in the group Reeperbahn from 1979 to 1984; since the early 1990s he performed solo.", "Q3269090": "Le Lyc\u00e9e Fran\u00e7ais de Los Angeles is a private bilingual education school founded in 1964.", "Q968134": "Fire Ice is the third book in the NUMA Files series of books co-written by best-selling author Clive Cussler and Paul Kemprecos, and was published in 2002. The main character of this series is Kurt Austin.", "Q129702": "Mehmet Ayd\u0131n is one of Turkey's Ministers of State. As a representative of the Justice and Development Party from Izmir, he was elected to Parliament in the 2002 general elections.", "Q553259": "Marsden Hartley (January 4, 1877 \u2013 September 2, 1943) was an American Modernist painter, poet, and essayist. Hartley developed his painting abilities by observing Cubists in Paris and Berlin.\n\n", "Q439094": "Virginia Caroline Rappe (; July 7, 1895 \u2013 September 9, 1921) was an American model and silent film actress. Rappe worked mostly in small bit parts and is best known for her death after attending a party with actor Roscoe \"Fatty\" Arbuckle, who was accused of complicity in her death, though ultimately exonerated.", "Q65294": "Ehrendingen is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q168038": "Peterson Goodwyn (1745 \u2013 February 21, 1818) was a planter, lawyer, soldier and politician from Virginia.", "Q184090": "Preston (listen) is a city and the administrative centre of Lancashire, England, on the north bank of the River Ribble. The City of Preston local government district obtained city status in 2002, becoming England's 50th city in the 50th year of Queen Elizabeth II's reign. Preston has a population of 114,300, the City of Preston district 132,000 and the Preston Built-up Area 313,322. The Preston Travel To Work Area, in 2011, had a population of 420,661 compared to 354,000 in the previous census.\nPreston and its surrounding area have provided evidence of ancient Roman activity, largely in the form of a Roman road which led to a camp at Walton-le-Dale. The Angles established Preston; its name is derived from the Old English meaning \"priest's settlement\" and in the Domesday Book is recorded as \"Prestune\". In the Middle Ages, Preston was a parish and township in the hundred of Amounderness and was granted a Guild Merchant charter in 1179, giving it the status of a market town. Textiles have been produced since the mid-13th century when locally produced wool was woven in people's houses. Flemish weavers who settled in the area in the 14th century helped develop the industry. In the early-18th century, Edmund Calamy described Preston as \"a pretty town with an abundance of gentry in it, commonly called Proud Preston\". Sir Richard Arkwright, inventor of the spinning frame, was born in the town. The most rapid period of growth and development coincided with the industrialisation and expansion of textile manufacturing. Preston was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, becoming a densely populated engineering centre, with large industrial plants. The town's textile sector fell into terminal decline from the mid-20th century and Preston has subsequently faced similar challenges to other post-industrial northern towns, including deindustrialisation, economic deprivation and housing issues.\nPreston is the seat of Lancashire County Council, houses the main campus of the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan) and is home to Preston North End F.C., a founder member of the Football League and the first English football champions.", "Q170111": "The Evangelical Church in Germany (German: Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland, abbreviated EKD) is a federation of twenty Lutheran, Reformed (Calvinist) and United (e.g. Prussian Union) Protestant regional churches and denominations in Germany, which collectively encompasses the vast majority of Protestants in that country. In 2018, the EKD had a membership of 21,141,000 members, or 25.5% of the German population. It constitutes one of the largest national Protestant bodies in the world. Church offices managing the federation are located in Hannover-Herrenhausen, Lower Saxony. Many of its members consider themselves Lutherans.\nHistorically, the first formal attempt to unify German Protestantism occurred during the Weimar Republic era in the form of the German Evangelical Church Confederation, which existed from 1922 until 1933. Earlier, there had been successful royal efforts at unity in various German states, beginning with Prussia and several minor German states (e.g. Duchy of Nassau) in 1817. These unions resulted in the first united and uniting churches, a new development within Protestantism which later spread to other parts of the world.\nWhen Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, his administration tried to reorganize the old confederation into a unified German Evangelical Church as Hitler wanted to use a single Protestant church to further his own ambitions. This utterly failed, with the Confessing Church and the German Christians-led Reichskirche opposing each other. Other Protestant churches aligned themselves with one of these groups, or stayed neutral in this church strife.\nThe postwar church council issued the Stuttgart Declaration of Guilt on October 19, 1945, confessing guilt and declaring remorse for indifference and inaction of German Protestants in the face of atrocities committed by Hitler's regime as means to address the German collective guilt. In 1948, the Evangelical Church in Germany was organized in the aftermath of World War II to function as a new umbrella organization for German Protestant churches. As a result of tensions between West and East Germany, the regional churches in East Germany broke away from the EKD in 1969. In 1991, following German reunification, the East German churches rejoined the EKD.\nThe member churches (Gliedkirchen), while being independent and having their own theological and formal organisation, share full pulpit and altar fellowship, are united in the EKD synod, and are individual members of the World Council of Churches (WCC) and the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe (CPCE). Boundaries of EKD churches within Germany partially resemble those of the states of the Holy Roman Empire and successor forms of German statehood (to the most part 1815 borders), due to the historically close relationship between individual German states and churches.\nAs for church governance, the Lutheran churches typically practise an episcopal polity, while the Reformed and the United ones a mixture of presbyterian and congregationalist polities. Most member churches are led by a (state) bishop. Only one member church, the Evangelical Reformed Church, is not restricted to a certain territory. In some ways, the other member churches resemble dioceses of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches, from an organisational point of view.", "Q2031618": "Prince Aimone of Savoy-Aosta, Duke of Aosta (Aimone Umberto Emanuele Filiberto Luigi Amedeo Elena Maria Fiorenzo di Savoia-Aosta; born 13 October 1967) is the second child and first son of Prince Amedeo, 5th Duke of Aosta, one of the two claimants to the former throne of Italy. In 2006, his father declared himself Duke of Savoy and head of the House of Savoy; since then Prince Aimone has styled himself Duke of Aosta. However, because the headship of the royal house is disputed between his father and Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, he is still referred to as Duke of Apulia.", "Q958791": "George Wyner (born October 20, 1945) is an American film and television actor. Wyner graduated from Syracuse University in 1968 as a drama major, and was an in-demand character actor by the early 1970s. Wyner has made guest appearances in over 100 television series and co-starred in nine. His roles include Assistant District Attorney Bernstein on the series Hill Street Blues, Colonel Sandurz in the film Spaceballs, and Rabbi Nachtner in A Serious Man.", "Q156868": "Civic Platform (Polish: Platforma Obywatelska, PO) is a liberal-conservative political party in Poland. Civic Platform came to power following the 2007 general election as the major coalition partner in Poland's government, with party leader Donald Tusk as Prime Minister of Poland. Tusk was re-elected as Prime Minister in the 2011 general election but stepped down three years later to assume the post of President of the European Council. Prime Minister Ewa Kopacz led the party in the 2015 general election but was defeated by the Law and Justice party. On 16 November 2015 Civic Platform government stepped down after exactly 8 years in power. In 2010 Civic Platform candidate Bronis\u0142aw Komorowski was elected as President of Poland, but failed in running for re-election in 2015. PO is the second largest party in the Sejm, with 138 seats, and the Senate, with 33 seats. Civic Platform is a member of the European People's Party (EPP).\nThe party was formed in 2001 as a split from Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS), under the leadership of Andrzej Olechowski and Maciej P\u0142a\u017cy\u0144ski, with Donald Tusk of the Freedom Union (UW). In the 2001 general election, PO emerged as the largest opposition party, behind the ruling centre-left party Democratic Left Alliance (SLD). PO remained the second-largest party at the 2005 general election, but this time behind the national-conservative party Law and Justice (PiS). In 2007, Civic Platform overtook PiS, now established as the dominant parties, and formed a coalition government with the Polish People's Party. Following the Smolensk disaster of April 2010, Bronis\u0142aw Komorowski became the first President from PO in the 2010 presidential election.\nSince its creation, the party has shown stronger electoral performances in Warsaw, the west, and the north of Poland.", "Q983195": "J\u00f8rgen-Frantz Jacobsen (November 29, 1900 \u2013 March 24, 1938) was a Faroese writer. He has a distinct place in Scandinavian literature, as he is the only Faroese writer to achieve international best-seller status. This status derives from his sole novel, Barbara: Roman (1939; translated, 1948 and 1993), which has the added cachet of being one of the few Scandinavian novels to be translated twice into English within the space of fifty years. The novel was translated into five other languages shortly after the first edition in the Danish language. It was also adapted as a motion picture directed by Nils Malmros in 1997 (see Barbara). \nThese facts, together with Jacobsen's essays, a study of the Faroe Islands published in the guise of a travel guide, and a volume of his letters, are sufficient to suggest that had he lived longer, he would have been one of the outstanding literary figures in Scandinavia in the twentieth century. He was one of five Faroese writers, all born between 1900 and 1903, who represented a remarkable blossoming of literature in a country which had no tradition of literature in a modern sense. Jacobsen, together with William Heinesen, Christian Matras, He\u00f0in Br\u00fa, and Martin Joensen, created modern Faroese literature, whether writing in Danish, as did Jacobsen and Heinesen, or the Faroese language, as did the others.", "Q183099": "Vehbi Ko\u00e7 (20 July 1901 \u2013 25 February 1996) was a Turkish entrepreneur and philanthropist. He founded the Ko\u00e7 Group, one of Turkey\u2019s largest groups of companies. During his lifetime he came to be one of Turkey's wealthiest citizens.", "Q126357": "Dark Places is a 1973 British horror film directed by Don Sharp and starring Robert Hardy, Christopher Lee, Joan Collins and Herbert Lom.", "Q160302": "The University of Edinburgh (abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals), founded in 1582, is the sixth oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's ancient universities. The university has five main campuses in the city of Edinburgh, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university. The university played an important role in leading Edinburgh to its reputation as a chief intellectual centre during the Age of Enlightenment, and helped give the city the nickname of the Athens of the North.\nThe University of Edinburgh is ranked 20th in the world by the 2020 QS World University Rankings. It is ranked as the 6th best university in Europe by the U.S. News' Best Global Universities Ranking, and 7th best in Europe by the Times Higher Education Ranking. The Research Excellence Framework, a research ranking used by the UK government to determine future research funding, ranked Edinburgh (joint submission with Heriot-Watt) 4th in the UK for research power, and 11th overall. It is ranked the 48th most employable university in the world by the 2020 Global Employability University Ranking. It is a member of both the Russell Group, and the League of European Research Universities, a consortium of 21 research universities in Europe. It has the third largest endowment of any university in the United Kingdom, after the universities of Cambridge and Oxford. The annual income of the institution for 2018\u201319 was \u00a31,080.6 million of which \u00a3285.7 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a31,211.9 million.Alumni of the university include some of the major figures of modern history, including 3 signatories of the American declaration of independence and 9 heads of state and government (including 3 Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom). As of March 2019, Edinburgh's alumni, faculty members and researchers include 19 Nobel laureates, 3 Turing Award laureates, 1 Fields Medalist, 1 Abel Prize winner, 2 Pulitzer Prize winners, 2 currently sitting UK Supreme Court Justices, and several Olympic gold medallists. It continues to have links to the British Royal Family, having had the Duke of Edinburgh as its Chancellor from 1953 to 2010 and Princess Anne since 2011.Edinburgh receives approximately 60,000 applications every year, making it the second most popular university in the UK by volume of applications. It has the 4th-highest average UCAS entry tariff in Scotland, and 8th overall in the UK.", "Q13464": "Foggia (UK: , US: , Italian: [\u02c8f\u0254dd\u0292a] (listen); Foggiano: F\u00f2gge [\u02c8f\u0254dd\u0292\u0259]) is a city and comune of Apulia, in Southern Italy, capital of the province of Foggia. In 2013, its population was 153,143. Foggia is the main city of a plain called Tavoliere, also known as the \"granary of Italy\".", "Q106087": "Hubert Fichte (March 21, 1935, Perleberg, Province of Brandenburg \u2013 March 8, 1986) was a German novelist.", "Q97764": "Susette Gontard (n\u00e9e Borkenstein; 1769 \u2013 1802), dubbed Diotima by the German poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin after Diotima of Mantinea, was the inspiration for H\u00f6lderlin's novel Hyperion, published in 1797\u20131799. She was the wife of H\u00f6lderlin's employer, the Frankfurt banker Jakob Friedrich Gontard. It is generally believed that the poet's fatal passion for her contributed to his descent into insanity and ultimate death. H\u00f6lderlin and Gontard exchanged a large body of letters, which was preserved and has been published in many editions.", "Q366907": "Sveti Nikole (Macedonian: \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435 [\u02ccsf\u025b\u02d0ti \u02c8nik\u0254l\u025b] (listen); meaning Saint Nicholas) is a town in North Macedonia. It is the seat of Sveti Nikole Municipality and a center of a plain called Ov\u010de Pole (Plain of sheep), famous for sheep farming, lamb meat, and dairy products of all kinds.\nAccording to legend, the town was named after the church of Sveti Nikola, built in the beginning of the 14th century. It is said to have been the biggest of all 42 churches in this area at its time.There are many archaeological sites in the Sveti Nikole municipality from all ages in the past.\nThe outlying villages of Sveti Nikole include Amzabegovo, with its barely excavated archaeological site, and Burilovci, famous for the magnificent frescoes that adorn its own church of Saint Nicholas.", "Q7244": "Emperor Ping (9 BC \u2013 3 February 6 AD) was an emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty from 1 BC to AD 5. After Emperor Ai died childless, the throne was passed to his cousin Emperor Ping\u2014then a child of eight years old. Wang Mang was appointed regent by the Grand Empress Dowager Wang. Dissatisfied with his father's dictatorial regency, in AD 3, Wang's son Wang Yu (\u738b\u5b87) conspired with Emperor Ping's maternal uncles of the Wei clan against Wang, but after they were discovered, Wang had not only Wang Yu and the Weis (except Consort Wei) put to death, but also used this opportunity to accuse many actual or potential political enemies as being part of the conspiracy and to execute or exile them. From then onwards, the Han Dynasty existed only in name. Furthermore, Wang Mang also designated his daughter as the empress consort to Emperor Ping to codify his legitimacy to power. Emperor Ping was allegedly poisoned by Wang Mang after reigning less than six years, because Wang was concerned that he would avenge his uncles, and his successor, the infant Emperor Ruzi, would be chosen by none other than Wang Mang himself.\n\n", "Q503308": "Southwest Airlines Co. is a major American airline headquartered in Dallas, Texas, and is the world's largest low-cost carrier.\nThe airline was established on March 15, 1967 by Herb Kelleher as Air Southwest Co. and adopted its current name, Southwest Airlines Co., in 1971, when it began operating as an intrastate airline wholly within the state of Texas, first flying between Dallas, Houston and San Antonio. The airline has more than 60,000 employees as of September 2019 and operates about 4,000 departures a day during peak travel season.As of 2018, Southwest carries the most domestic passengers of any United States airline. The airline has scheduled services to 101 destinations in the United States and ten additional countries. Its most recent expansion occurred in March, April, and May 2019 with service to Honolulu, Maui, and Kailua-Kona respectively. Southwest began to expand service to Lihue in mid-November 2019, and will expand to Hilo in January 2020.", "Q8177": "Rhein-Neckar-Kreis is a Landkreis (district) in the northwest of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are Bergstra\u00dfe, Odenwaldkreis, Neckar-Odenwald, Heilbronn, Karlsruhe, the independent city of Speyer, the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, and the independent cities of Mannheim and Heidelberg. The administrative headquarters are based in the city of Heidelberg, which does not form part of the district itself.", "Q159583": "The Holy See (Latin: Sancta Sedes, Ecclesiastical Latin: [\u02c8sa\u014bkta \u02c8sedes]; Italian: Santa Sede [\u02c8santa \u02c8s\u025b\u02d0de]), also called the See of Rome, is the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, known as the pope, which includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome with universal ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the worldwide Catholic Church, as well as a sovereign entity of international law. \nFounded in the first century by Saints Peter and Paul, by virtue of Petrine and papal primacy according to Catholic tradition, it is the focal point of full communion for Catholic Christians around the world. As a sovereign entity, the Holy See is headquartered in, operates from, and exercises \"exclusive dominion\" over the independent Vatican City State enclave in Rome, of which the pope is sovereign. It is organized into polities of the Latin Church and the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, and their dioceses and religious institutes.\nThe Holy See is administered by the Roman Curia (Latin for Roman Court), which is the central government of the Catholic Church. The Roman Curia includes various dicasteries, comparable to ministries and executive departments, with the Cardinal Secretary of State as its chief administrator. Papal elections are carried out by the College of Cardinals.\nAlthough the Holy See is sometimes metonymically referred to as the \"Vatican\", the Vatican City State was distinctively established with the Lateran Treaty of 1929, between the Holy See and Italy, to ensure the temporal, diplomatic, and spiritual independence of the papacy. As such, papal nuncios, who are papal diplomats to states and international organizations, are recognized as representing the Holy See not the Vatican City State, as prescribed in the Canon law of the Catholic Church; and therefore the integrity of the Catholic Church along with its 1.3 billion members. The Holy See is thus viewed as the central government of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church, in turn, is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. The diplomatic status of the Holy See facilitates the access of its vast international network of charities.\nThe Holy See maintains bilateral diplomatic relations with 172 sovereign states, signs concordats and treaties, and performs multilateral diplomacy with multiple intergovernmental organizations, including the United Nations and its agencies, the Council of Europe, the European Communities, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the Organization of American States.", "Q53040": "Gian Franco Corsi Zeffirelli (12 February 1923 \u2013 15 June 2019), commonly known as Franco Zeffirelli (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8fra\u014bko dzeffi\u02c8r\u025blli]), was an Italian director and producer of operas, films and television. He was also a senator from 1994 until 2001 for the Italian centre-right Forza Italia party.\nSome of his operatic designs and productions have become worldwide classics.He was also known for several of the movies he directed, especially the 1968 version of Romeo and Juliet, for which he received an Academy Award nomination. His 1967 version of The Taming of the Shrew with Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton remains the best-known film adaptation of that play as well. His miniseries Jesus of Nazareth (1977) won both national and international acclaim and is still frequently shown on Christmas and Easter in many countries.\nA Grande Ufficiale OMRI of the Italian Republic since 1977, Zeffirelli also received an honorary British knighthood in 2004 when he was created a KBE. He was awarded the Premio Colosseo in 2009 by the city of Rome.", "Q449215": "Carry On Matron is a 1972 British comedy film, the 23rd release in the series of 31 Carry On films (1958\u20131992). It was released in May 1972. It features series regulars Sid James, Kenneth Williams, Charles Hawtrey, Joan Sims, Hattie Jacques, Bernard Bresslaw, Barbara Windsor and Kenneth Connor. This was the last Carry on... film for Terry Scott after appearing in seven films. Carry On Matron was the second and last Carry On... for Kenneth Cope.\nAlong with the next film in the series (Carry On Abroad), it features the highest number of the regular Carry On team. The only regular members missing are Jim Dale and Peter Butterworth. Dale would return belatedly for Carry On Columbus in 1992 and Butterworth returned in a major role in Abroad the following year. Butterworth was due to play Freddy but was unable because of other work engagements.", "Q347711": "Sir John Anthony Quayle, (7 September 1913 \u2013 20 October 1989) was an English actor and theatre director. He was nominated for an Oscar and a Golden Globe for his supporting role as Thomas Wolsey in the film Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and played important roles in such major studio productions as The Guns of Navarone (1961), Lawrence of Arabia (1962), The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964), Operation Crossbow (1965), QB VII (1974), and The Eagle Has Landed (1976). Quayle was knighted in the 1985 New Years Honours List.", "Q778716": "Carlo Fruttero (19 September 1926 \u2013 15 January 2012) was an Italian writer, journalist, translator and editor of anthologies. \nFruttero was born in Turin. He is mostly known for his joint work with Franco Lucentini, especially as authors of crime novels. The duo was also editor of the science fiction series Urania from the 1960s to the 1980s, and of the comics magazine Il Mago.\nFruttero died in Roccamare, Castiglione della Pescaia in 2012, aged 85.", "Q559774": "Khwaja Ahmad Abbas (7 June 1914 \u2013 1 June 1987), popularly known as K. A. Abbas, was an Indian film director, screenwriter, novelist, and a journalist in the Urdu, Hindi and English languages. He won four National Film Awards in India, and internationally his films won the Palme d'Or (Grand Prize) at the Cannes Film Festival (out of three Palme d'Or nominations) and the Crystal Globe at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. As a director and screenwriter, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas is considered one of the pioneers of Indian parallel or neo-realistic cinema, and as a screenwriter he is also known for writing Raj Kapoor's best films.As a director, he made a number of important Hindustani films. Dharti Ke Lal (1946), about the Bengal famine of 1943, was one of Indian cinema's first social-realist films, and opened up the overseas market for Indian films in the Soviet Union. Pardesi (1957) was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. Shehar Aur Sapna (1963) won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film, while Saat Hindustani (1969) and Do Boond Pani (1972) both won the National Film Awards for Best Feature Film on National Integration.\nAs a screenwriter, he penned a number of neo-realistic films, such as Dharti Ke Lal (which he directed), Neecha Nagar (1946) which won the Palme d'Or at the first Cannes Film Festival, Naya Sansar (1941), Jagte Raho (1956), and Saat Hindustani (which he also directed). He is also known for writing the best of Raj Kapoor's films, including the Palme d'Or nominated Awaara (1951), as well as Shree 420 (1955), Mera Naam Joker (1970), Bobby (1973) and Henna (1991).His column \u2018Last Page\u2019 holds the distinction of being one of the longest-running columns in the history of Indian journalism. The column began in 1935, in The Bombay Chronicle, and moved to the Blitz after the Chronicle's closure, where it continued until his death in 1987. He was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 1969.", "Q70699": "Sonogno is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It is located in Valle Verzasca.", "Q58115": "Uri\u00ebl \"Uri\" Rosenthal (born 19 July 1945) is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and political scientist.\nRosenthal a political scientist by occupation, was elected as a Member of the Senate on 8 June 1999 after the Senate election of 1999. On 5 May 2005 he was selected as the parliamentary leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy in the Senate. Following the election of 2010 Rosenthal was asked to become Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet Rutte\u2013Verhagen Rosenthal accepted and resigned as parliamentary leader in the Senate and a Member of the Senate the same day he took office as the new Minister of Foreign Affairs on 14 October 2010 serving until 5 November 2012.\nA professor of political science and public administration by occupation, he taught from 1980 until 2010 at the Erasmus University Rotterdam and Leiden University.", "Q247063": "Z\u00e1vi\u0161 Kalandra (10 November 1902 - 27 June 1950) was a Czechoslovak historian and theorist of literature executed by communists on charges of conspiracy and treason.\nHe was born in Fren\u0161t\u00e1t pod Radho\u0161t\u011bm. He studied philosophy at the Charles University in Prague and then in Berlin. In 1923 he joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, but he was expelled due to his criticism of Stalin's policy. \nHe was arrested by the Gestapo in 1939 and imprisoned until 1945 in various concentration camps. After the war he was branded as a Trotskyist and accused of being the member of a supposed plot to overthrow the Communist regime. He was sentenced to death along with his co-defendants, Milada Hor\u00e1kov\u00e1, Jan Buchal and Old\u0159ich Pecl, on 8 June 1950, and executed.", "Q6795616": "Maxim Gavrilovich Rudometkin (\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0451\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043d) (Pronounced: Rudomyotkin) (c. 1818 \u2013 last seen in 1877) was a leader of a sect of Spiritual Christian Pryguny (Jumpers) (Russian: \u041f\u0440\u044b\u0433\u0443\u043d\u044b : Jumpers) called Maksimisti. \nIn 1932, in Los Angeles his writings were collectively published with four other Prygun leaders as a Russian language religious text titled Kniga solntse, dukh i zhizn (Book of the Sun, Spirit and Life), placed next to the Russian Synodal Bible.\n\n", "Q1253207": "R. Stanton Avery (January 13, 1907 \u2013 December 12, 1997) was an American inventor, most known for creating self-adhesive labels (modern stickers). Using a $100 loan, and combining used machine parts with a saber saw, he created and patented the world's first self-adhesive (also called pressure sensitive) die-cut labeling machine. In 1935, he founded what is now the Avery Dennison Corporation.Avery served as chairman of the board of trustees of California Institute of Technology, and was a member of the board of trustees of the Huntington Library and the board of trustees of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.Avery House at Caltech is named for him.", "Q711978": "Lord Finesse (born Robert Hall Jr., February 19, 1970) is an American rapper and hip-hop record producer from The Bronx, New York best known as the leader of the D.I.T.C. crew. About.com ranked him number 29 on its list of the Top-50 Hip-Hop Producers.", "Q1138378": "The Hollywood Hills is a hillside neighborhood in the central region of the city of Los Angeles, California.", "Q104848": "Johann Friedrich Ludwig W\u00f6hlert (16 September 1797 \u2013 31 March 1877) was a German businessman. Johann W\u00f6hlert was born on 16 September 1797 in Kiel in north Germany. Trained as a joiner, in 1818 W\u00f6hlert went to Berlin. Here he worked until 1836 at the engineering works of Franz Anton Egells and thereafter in the iron foundry and engineering works of August Borsig at Oranienburger Tor.", "Q402764": "Jason Clarke (born 17 July 1969) is an Australian film and television actor. Clarke has appeared in many TV series, and is known for playing Tommy Caffee on the television series Brotherhood. He has also appeared in many films, often as an antagonist. His film roles include Zero Dark Thirty (2012), White House Down (2013), Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014), Terminator Genisys (2015), Everest (2015), Mudbound (2017), Chappaquiddick (2017), in which he portrayed Ted Kennedy, First Man (2018), in which he portrayed astronaut Ed White, and Pet Sematary (2019).", "Q49018": "Fly Away Home (a.k.a. Flying Wild and Father Goose) is a 1996 family drama film directed by Carroll Ballard. The film stars Anna Paquin, Jeff Daniels, and Dana Delany. Fly Away Home was released on September 13, 1996, by Columbia Pictures.\nFly Away Home dramatizes the actual experiences of Bill Lishman who, in 1986, started training Canada geese to follow his ultralight aircraft, and succeeded in leading their migration in 1993 through his program \"Operation Migration.\" The film is also based on the experience of Dr. William J.L. Sladen, a British-born zoologist and adventurer, who aided Lishman with the migration.", "Q236842": "Kelly Kamalelehua Smith (born October 13, 1962), better known by her stage name Kelly Preston, is an American actress and former model. She has appeared in more than sixty television and film productions, most notably including Mischief, Twins, and Jerry Maguire. She is married to John Travolta, with whom she collaborated on the science fiction film Battlefield Earth. She also starred in the films The Cat in the Hat, Old Dogs, and Broken Bridges.", "Q173418": "Walt Faulkner (February 16, 1918 \u2013 April 22, 1956) was an American racing driver from Tell, Texas. He moved to Milledgeville, Georgia at the age of two-and-a-half, and to Lake Wales, Florida at the age of eight. He then moved to Los Angeles, California in 1936. Faulkner competed mainly in the National Championship and in stock car races. In 1950 Faulkner became the first rookie to win pole position at the Indianapolis 500. He died in 1956 after a qualifying crash at a USAC Stock Car event in Vallejo, California.\nEarlier in his career, Faulkner raced motorcycles and then midget cars for the Edelbrock dirt track racing team. He had great success in midget car racing and was inducted into the National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame in 2007. Faulkner was also inducted into the West Coast Stock Car Hall of Fame in 2006.", "Q331": "Ricardo Froil\u00e1n Lagos Escobar (Spanish pronunciation: [ri\u02c8ka\u027e\u00f0o f\u027eoi\u02c8lan\u02c8la\u0263os esko\u02c8\u03b2a\u027e]; born 2 March 1938) is a Chilean lawyer, economist and social-democratic politician who served as President of Chile from 2000 to 2006. He won the 1999-2000 presidential election by a narrow margin in a runoff over Independent Democrat Union (UDI) candidate Joaqu\u00edn Lav\u00edn. Lagos was the third president from the center-left Coalition of Parties for Democracy to have ruled Chile since 1990. He was succeeded on March 11, 2006 by Socialist Michelle Bachelet, from the same coalition. Since May 2007 he has served as a Special Envoy on Climate Change for the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.", "Q47021": "213 (pronounced \"Two One Three\") was an American hip hop trio supergroup from Long Beach, California composed of Snoop Dogg, Warren G and Nate Dogg. The name derives from Los Angeles' original telephone area code 213, which served the city of Long Beach at the time of the band's formation.", "Q191489": "A melodrama is a dramatic work wherein the plot, which is typically sensational and designed to appeal strongly to the emotions, takes precedence over detailed characterization. Melodramas typically concentrate on dialogue, which is often bombastic or excessively sentimental, rather than action. Characters are often simply drawn and may appear stereotyped. Melodramas are typically set in the private sphere of the home, and focus on morality and family issues, love, and marriage, often with challenges from an outside source, such as a \"temptress\", a scoundrel, or an aristocratic villain. A melodrama on stage, filmed or on television is usually accompanied by dramatic and suggestive music that offers cues to the audience of the drama being presented.\nIn scholarly and historical musical contexts, melodramas are Victorian dramas in which orchestral music or song was used to accompany the action. The term is now also applied to stage performances without incidental music, novels, movies, television and radio broadcasts. In modern contexts, the term \"melodrama\" is generally pejorative, as it suggests that the work in question lacks subtlety, character development, or both. By extension, language or behavior which resembles melodrama is often called melodramatic; this use is nearly always pejorative.", "Q125892": "Frank Wright Tuttle (August 6, 1892 \u2013 January 6, 1963) was a Hollywood film director and writer who directed films from 1922 (The Cradle Buster) to 1959 (Island of Lost Women).", "Q452147": "Sarah Vowell (born December 27, 1969) is an American historian, author, journalist, essayist, social commentator and actress. Often referred to as a \"social observer,\" Vowell has written seven nonfiction books on American history and culture. She was a contributing editor for the radio program This American Life on Public Radio International from 1996 to 2008, where she produced numerous commentaries and documentaries and toured the country in many of the program's live shows. She was also the voice of Violet Parr in the animated film The Incredibles and its 2018 sequel.", "Q104684": "Richard Bartsch (born August 1, 1959) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nBartsch is noted for his work with geriatrics institutions. In 1990 founded the geriatrics Bartsch-F\u00f6rderverein Mittelfranken eV and was chairman until 2003. In 1993 he was a founding member and chairman of the Bavarian Geriatric Association.\n\n", "Q57232": "Sabine Bergmann-Pohl (n\u00e9e Schulz; German: [za\u02c8bi\u02d0n\u0259 \u02c8b\u025b\u0281kman po\u02d0l]; born 20 April 1946) is a German doctor and politician. A member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU), she was president of the People's Chamber of East Germany from April to October 1990. As such, she served as acting head of state of East Germany until its merger into West Germany in October. After the reunification of Germany, she served in the government of Chancellor Helmut Kohl.", "Q133028": "Richard III (2 October 1452 \u2013 22 August 1485) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1483 until his death in 1485. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. His defeat and death at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the last decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses, marked the end of the Middle Ages in England. He is the protagonist of Richard III, one of William Shakespeare's history plays.\nWhen his brother Edward IV died in April 1483, Richard was named Lord Protector of the realm for Edward's eldest son and successor, the 12-year-old Edward V. Arrangements were made for Edward's coronation on 22 June 1483. Before the king could be crowned, the marriage of his parents was declared bigamous and therefore invalid. Now officially illegitimate, their children were barred from inheriting the throne. On 25 June, an assembly of lords and commoners endorsed a declaration to this effect and proclaimed Richard as the rightful king. He was crowned on 6 July 1483. The young princes, Edward and his younger brother Richard, Duke of York, were not seen in public after August and accusations circulated that they had been murdered on Richard's orders.\nThere were two major rebellions against Richard during his reign. In October 1483, an unsuccessful revolt was led by staunch allies of Edward IV and Richard's former ally, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. Then in August 1485, Henry Tudor and his uncle, Jasper Tudor, landed in southern Wales with a contingent of French troops and marched through Pembrokeshire, recruiting soldiers. Henry's forces defeated Richard's army near the Leicestershire town of Market Bosworth. Richard was slain, making him the last English king to die in battle. Henry Tudor then ascended the throne as Henry VII.\nRichard's corpse was taken to the nearby town of Leicester and buried without pomp. His original tomb monument is believed to have been removed during the English Reformation, and his remains were lost, as they were believed to have been thrown into the River Soar. In 2012, an archaeological excavation was commissioned by the Richard III Society on the site previously occupied by Greyfriars Priory Church. The University of Leicester identified the skeleton found in the excavation as that of Richard III as a result of radiocarbon dating, comparison with contemporary reports of his appearance, and comparison of his mitochondrial DNA with that of two matrilineal descendants of his eldest sister, Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter. He was reburied in Leicester Cathedral on 26 March 2015.", "Q1064413": "Charles Francis Adams Jr. (May 27, 1835 \u2013 March 20, 1915) was an American author and historian. He was a member of the prominent Adams family, and son of Charles Francis Adams Sr. He served as a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War. After the war, he was a railroad regulator and executive, an author of historical works, and a member of the Massachusetts Park Commission.", "Q442354": "Barzilla Worth Clark (December 22, 1880 \u2013 September 21, 1943) was an American politician from Idaho. He served as the 16th Governor of Idaho (1937\u20131939), mayor of Idaho Falls, and was a member of the Idaho Democratic Party.", "Q10179": "Zulu () or isiZulu (isiZulu) is a Southern Bantu language of the Nguni branch spoken in Southern Africa. It is the language of the Zulu people, with about 12 million native speakers, who primarily inhabit the province of KwaZulu-Natal of South Africa. Zulu is the most widely spoken home language in South Africa (24% of the population), and it is understood by over 50% of its population. It became one of South Africa's 11 official languages in 1994.\nAccording to Ethnologue, it is the second most widely spoken of the Bantu languages, after Swahili. Like many other Bantu languages, it is written with the Latin alphabet.\nIn South African English, the language is often referred to in its native form, isiZulu.\n\n", "Q973500": "Jonathan Saul Freedland (born 25 February 1967) is a British journalist, who writes a weekly column for The Guardian. He presents BBC Radio 4's contemporary history series The Long View. Freedland also writes thrillers, mainly under the pseudonym Sam Bourne.\n\n", "Q70855": "Friedrich Ludwig Georg von Raumer (14 May 1781 \u2013 14 June 1873) was a German historian. He was the first scientific historian to popularise history in German. He travelled extensively and served in German legislative bodies.", "Q2064143": "Mkhitar Heratsi (Armenian: \u0544\u056d\u056b\u0569\u0561\u0580 \u0540\u0565\u0580\u0561\u0581\u056b) was a 12th-century Armenian physician. He was born in Khoy (present-day northwestern Iran). Heratsi, is often being called the father of Armenian medicine, was the author of the Relief of Fevers, an encyclopedic work in which he discussed, among other subjects, surgery, diet and psychotherapy. \nYerevan State Medical University is named after Heratsi. The most prominent students of YSMU are awarded with \"Mkhitar Heratsi scholarship\".\nHe was well versed in the Persian, Greek, and Arabic languages.", "Q465933": "Rosa Vicenta Montserrat Coscol\u00edn Figueras (25 October 1922 \u2013 4 December 2005) known professionally as Gloria Lasso was a Spanish-born canci\u00f3n mel\u00f3dica singer, long based in France. In the 1950s, she was one of the major competitors to Dalida.\nBorn in Vilafranca del Pened\u00e8s (Barcelona) in Catalonia, she achieved a degree of fame and success in the 1950s and 1960s, with songs such as Amour, castagnettes et tango (1955), Etranger au paradis (1956, a French version of Stranger in paradise by Tony Bennett), Buenas noches mi amor (1957) and Bon voyage (1958).\nEventually superseded by Dalida, she moved to Mexico, but attempted a comeback to France in 1985 performing at the Paris Olympia. She was reportedly married six times.She died from a myocardial infarction, aged 83, at her Cuernavaca, Mexico home.", "Q92608": "Brian Wilson Kernighan (; born January 1, 1942) is a Canadian computer scientist.\nHe worked at Bell Labs and contributed to the development of Unix alongside Unix creators Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. Kernighan's name became widely known through co-authorship of the first book on the C programming language (The C Programming Language]) with Dennis Ritchie. Kernighan affirmed that he had no part in the design of the C language (\"it's entirely Dennis Ritchie's work\"). He authored many Unix programs, including ditroff. Kernighan is coauthor of the AWK and AMPL programming languages. The \"K\" of K&R C and the \"K\" in AWK both stand for \"Kernighan\". \nIn collaboration with Shen Lin he devised well-known heuristics for two NP-complete optimization problems: graph partitioning and the travelling salesman problem. In a display of authorial equity, the former is usually called the Kernighan\u2013Lin algorithm, while the latter is known as the Lin\u2013Kernighan heuristic.\nKernighan has been a Professor in the Computer Science Department of Princeton University since 2000. He is also the Undergraduate Department Representative. In 2015, he co-authored the book The Go Programming Language.\n\n", "Q164170": "Philip Kotler (born May 27, 1931) is an American marketing author, consultant, and professor; currently the S. C. Johnson & Son Distinguished Professor of International Marketing at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. He gave the definition of marketing mix. He is the author of over 60 marketing books, including Marketing Management, Principles of Marketing, Kotler on Marketing, Marketing Insights from A to Z, Marketing 4.0, Marketing Places, Marketing of Nations, Chaotics, Market Your Way to Growth, Winning Global Markets, Strategic Marketing for Health Care Organizations, Social Marketing, Up and Out of Poverty, and Winning at Innovation. Kotler describes strategic marketing as serving as \"the link between society's needs and its pattern of industrial response.\"Kotler helped create the field of social marketing that focuses on helping individuals and groups modify their behaviors toward healthier and safer living styles.\nKotler's latest work focuses on economic justice and the shortcomings of capitalism. He published Confronting Capitalism: Real Solutions for a Troubled Economic System in 2015, Democracy in Decline: Rebuilding its Future in 2016, and Brand Activism: From Purpose to Action in 2018.", "Q1024037": "Dorchester (colloquially referred to as Dot) is a Boston neighborhood comprising more than 6 square miles (16 km2) in the City of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Originally, Dorchester was a separate town, founded by Puritans who emigrated in 1630 from Dorchester, Dorset, England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. This dissolved municipality, Boston's largest neighborhood by far, is often divided by city planners in order to create two planning areas roughly equivalent in size and population to other Boston neighborhoods.\nThe neighborhood is named after the town of Dorchester in the English county of Dorset, from which Puritans emigrated on the ship Mary and John, among others.Founded in 1630, just a few months before the founding of the city of Boston, Dorchester now covers a geographic area approximately equivalent to nearby Cambridge. It was still a primarily rural town and had a population of 12,000 when it was annexed to Boston in 1870. Railroad and streetcar lines brought rapid growth, increasing the population to 150,000 by 1920. In the 2010 United States Census, the neighborhood's population was 92,115.\nThe Dorchester neighborhood has a very diverse population, which includes a large concentration of African Americans, European Americans (particularly those of Irish, German, and Polish origin), Caribbean Americans, Latinos, and East and Southeast Asian Americans. Dorchester also has a significant LGBT population, with active political groups and the largest concentration of same-sex couples in Boston after the South End and Jamaica Plain. Most of the people over the age of 25 have completed high school or obtained a GED.", "Q85374": "Paul R\u00fcbig (born 6 May 1953) is an Austrian politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1996 until 2019. He is a member of the Austrian People's Party, part of the European People's Party.\nR\u00fcbig became a Member of the European Parliament on 25 January 1996, and was re-elected in 1996, 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014. Hence, he was the longest-serving MEP from Austria. On 25 June 2013, R\u00fcbig was elected already for the second time in a European-wide vote as MEP of the Year for his outstanding commitment in the field of research and innovation.", "Q116280": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric-C\u00e9sar de La Harpe (6 April 1754 in Rolle, Vaud, Switzerland \u2013 30 March 1838 in Lausanne, Switzerland) was a Swiss political leader, scholar, and Vaudois patriot best known for his pivotal role in the formation of the Helvetic Republic, and for serving as a member of the Helvetic Directory. He was a personal teacher of Alexander I of Russia and educated him in ideals of the Lumi\u00e8res.", "Q234099": "Maki Goto (\u5f8c\u85e4 \u771f\u5e0c, Got\u014d Maki, born September 23, 1985) is a Japanese singer, lyricist, and former actress. Born and raised in Edogawa, Tokyo, Goto began her musical career in 1999 when she joined Morning Musume as the only third generation member. Her first single with the group, \"Love Machine\", topped the Oricon singles charts and sold over a million copies. Goto was the lead vocalist of the group up until her graduation from the group in 2002. While still a member of Morning Musume, Goto released her debut solo single, \"Ai no Bakayar\u014d\", in 2001, which topped the Oricon charts. In 2003 she released her debut album, Makking Gold 1, which debuted at number four on the Oricon album charts.\nIn 2007, at her G-Emotion II: How to Use Sexy concert, Goto announced that she was graduating from Hello! Project. In 2008, Goto signed with Avex Group sub-label Rhythm Zone and returned to the music scene at A-nation '08. In 2009, under the stage name Sweet Black feat. Maki Goto, she released her debut mini-album Sweet Black. Goto transferred to Avex Trax in 2010 and released her second mini-album, One, which marked her official comeback as a singer.", "Q64820": "Karl Heinrich Wilhelm Koppe (15 June 1896 \u2013 2 July 1975) was a German Nazi commander (H\u00f6here SS und Polizeif\u00fchrer (HSSPF), SS-Obergruppenf\u00fchrer). He was responsible for numerous atrocities against Poles and Jews in Reichsgau Wartheland and the General Government during the German occupation of Poland in World War II.", "Q289518": "Christina Moore (born April 12, 1973) is an American actress, comedian, fashion designer, model, and screenwriter. She was part of the main cast of comedians on the sketch comedy series MADtv, and also portrayed Laurie Forman on That '70s Show during the sixth season, and Candy Sullivan on Hawthorne. She had a recurring role in 90210.\n\n", "Q1071778": "Charles \"Chic\" Gilchrist Brodie (born 8 May 1944) is a Scottish politician, who was a SNP Member of the Scottish Parliament for the South Scotland region from 2011 until 2016. Brodie previously stood as a Liberal Democrat candidate at the 1992, 1997 and 2001 UK general elections, and as a Liberal at the general elections of October 1974, 1979, 1983 and 1987.", "Q55425": "Holzminden (German pronunciation: [h\u0254lts\u02c8m\u026and\u0259n]) is a town in southern Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Holzminden. It is located on the river Weser, which at this point forms the border with the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.", "Q214349": "Jan Meyerowitz (23 April 1913 \u2013 15 December 1998) was a German\u2013American composer, conductor, pianist and writer.", "Q88888": "Hans Heinsheimer (September 25, 1900 \u2013 October 12, 1993) was a music publisher, author, and journalist.", "Q168992": "Jessica Ann Johnson (n\u00e9e Simpson; born July 10, 1980) is an American singer, actress, fashion designer, and author. After performing in church choirs as a child, Simpson signed with Columbia Records in 1997, at age 16. Her debut studio album, Sweet Kisses (1999), sold two million copies in the United States and saw the commercial success of the single \"I Wanna Love You Forever\". Simpson adopted a more mature image for her second studio album Irresistible (2001), and its title track became her second top 20 entry on the Billboard Hot 100, while the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In This Skin (2003), Simpson's third studio album, sold three million copies in the United States and saw the success of the single \"With You\", which topped the Mainstream Top 40 chart.\nDuring her earlier career, Simpson became known for her relationship and later marriage to Nick Lachey, with whom she appeared on the MTV reality television series Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica between 2003 and 2005. Following the release of her first Christmas album ReJoyce: The Christmas Album (2004), which was certified gold, Simpson made her film debut as Daisy Duke in The Dukes of Hazzard (2005), for which she recorded a cover of \"These Boots Are Made for Walkin'\" for the film's soundtrack. In 2006, she released her fifth studio album A Public Affair and appeared in the romantic comedy film Employee of the Month. With the release of her sixth studio album Do You Know (2008), Simpson moved into the country music genre.\nAside from her musical pursuits, Simpson launched The Jessica Simpson Collection in 2005, a fashion line of clothing and other items. The brand has gone on to earn over $1 billion in revenue. She also starred on the reality television series The Price of Beauty in 2010, was a judge on two seasons of Fashion Star between 2012 and 2013, and published a memoir in 2020, Open Book, which reached number one on The New York Times Best Seller list. Simpson is currently married to Eric Johnson, with whom she shares three children.", "Q320946": "P\u00e9ter Zilahy (born 1970 in Budapest) is a writer and performer whose prose and poetry has been widely translated and who has often used photography, interactive media and performance art in his work.", "Q657093": "Huey Lewis and the News is an American rock band based in San Francisco, California. They had a run of hit singles during the 1980s and early 1990s, eventually achieving 19 top ten singles across the Billboard Hot 100, Adult Contemporary, and Mainstream Rock charts.\nTheir most successful album, Sports, was released in 1983. The album, along with its videos being featured on MTV, catapulted the group to worldwide fame. Their popularity expanded when the song \"The Power of Love\" was featured in the 1985 film Back to the Future. \"The Power of Love\" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song.", "Q43247": "Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 \u2013 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress of German descent who starred in a variety of European and American films, television movies, and plays. She won many accolades, including three Academy Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, a Tony Award, four Golden Globe Awards, and a BAFTA Award.\nBergman was born in Stockholm to a Swedish father and a German mother, and started her acting career in Swedish and German films. Her introduction to Americans came in the English-language remake of Intermezzo (1939). In addition to the classic and Best-Picture-Academy-Award winning Casablanca (1942) opposite Humphrey Bogart, her notable performances from the 1940s include the dramas For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943), Gaslight (1944), The Bells of St. Mary's (1945), and Joan of Arc (1948), all of which earned her nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress; she won the award for Gaslight. She made three films with Alfred Hitchcock including Spellbound (1945), with Gregory Peck, and Notorious (1946), opposite Cary Grant.\nIn 1950, she starred in Roberto Rossellini's Stromboli, following the revelation that she was having an extramarital affair with the director. The affair and then marriage to Rossellini created a scandal in the United States that forced her to remain in Europe for several years, during which she starred in Rossellini's Journey to Italy (1954), now critically acclaimed. She made a successful return to working for a Hollywood studio in Anastasia (1956), the debut film for Yul Brynner, winning her second Academy Award for Best Actress. In 1958, she starred for a second time with Cary Grant, this time in the popular romantic comedy Indiscreet.\nIn her later years, she won her third Academy Award, this one for Best Supporting Actress, for her small performance in Murder on the Orient Express (1974). In 1978, she worked with director Ingmar Bergman (no relation) in Autumn Sonata, for which she received her sixth Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. In her final acting role, she portrayed the late-Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir in the television mini-series A Woman Called Golda (1982) for which she posthumously won her second Emmy Award for Best Actress. She died on her sixty-seventh birthday (29 August 1982) from breast cancer.\nAccording to the St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, Bergman quickly became \"the ideal of American womanhood\" and a contender for Hollywood's greatest leading actress. In the United States, she is considered to have brought a \"Nordic freshness and vitality\" to the screen, along with exceptional beauty and intelligence; David O. Selznick once called her \"the most completely conscientious actress\" he had ever worked with. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Bergman as the fourth-greatest female screen legend of Classic Hollywood Cinema.", "Q97770": "Erwin Ammann (22 October 1916 - 27 December 2000) was a German politician and member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. Between 1946 and 1950 he was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.", "Q383021": "Affair in Trinidad is a 1952 American film noir directed by Vincent Sherman and starring Rita Hayworth and Glenn Ford. It was produced by Hayworth's Beckworth Corporation and released by Columbia Pictures. It is notable as Hayworth's \"comeback\" film after four years away from Columbia, as a re-teaming of the Gilda (1946) co-stars, and for a fiery opening number danced barefoot by Hayworth to calypso music. Hayworth's singing voice is dubbed by Jo Ann Greer, who later also sang for her in Miss Sadie Thompson and Pal Joey. The film's gross take at the box office exceeded Gilda's by one million dollars.", "Q98443": "Carl Adolph von Plessen (18 May 1678 - 30 January 1758) was a Danish statesman and landowner. He played a central role during the early reign of Christian VI but fell out of favour at the court and resigned in 1733. He was a major stakeholder in the Danish Asia Company and the Danish West Indies Company and owned a number of estates in Denmark and the Danish West Indies.", "Q937342": "Angels in America is a 2003 American HBO miniseries directed by Mike Nichols and based on the Pulitzer-prize winning play of the same name by Tony Kushner. Set in 1985, the film revolves around six New Yorkers whose lives intersect. At its core, it is the fantastical story of Prior Walter, a gay man living with AIDS who is visited by an angel. The film explores a wide variety of themes, including Reagan era politics, the spreading AIDS epidemic, and a rapidly changing social and political climate.HBO broadcast the film in various formats: two 3-hour chunks that correspond to Millennium Approaches and Perestroika, further divided into six 1-hour \"chapters\" that roughly correspond to an act or two of each of these plays; the first three chapters (\"Bad News,\" \"In Vitro,\" and \"The Messenger\") were initially broadcast on December 7, 2003, to international acclaim, with the final three chapters (\"Stop Moving!\" \"Beyond Nelly,\" and \"Heaven, I'm in Heaven\") following.\nAngels in America was the most-watched made-for-cable film in 2003, and earned much critical acclaim and numerous accolades: at the 56th Primetime Emmy Awards, it became the first (and currently only) program in Emmy history to win in every major eligible category, and won all four acting categories. It also won in all five eligible categories at the 61st Golden Globe Awards. In 2006, The Seattle Times listed the series among \"Best of the filmed AIDS portrayals\" on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of AIDS.", "Q15001": "Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432, Aleksandr Sergeevich Griboedov or Sergeevich Griboyedov; 15 January 1795 \u2013 11 February 1829), formerly romanized as Alexander Sergueevich Griboyedoff, was a Russian diplomat, playwright, poet, and composer. He is recognized as homo unius libri, a writer of one book, whose fame rests on the verse comedy Woe from Wit or The Woes of Wit. He was Russia's ambassador to Qajar Persia, where he and all the embassy staff were massacred by an angry mob as a result of the rampant anti-Russian sentiment that existed through Russia's imposing of the Treaty of Gulistan (1813) and Treaty of Turkmenchay (1828), which had forcefully ratified for Persia's ceding of its northern territories comprising Transcaucasia and parts of the North Caucasus. Griboyedov had played a pivotal role in the ratification of the latter treaty.", "Q2387506": "Georg Wilhelm de Gennin (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433 \u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c \u0434\u0435 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043d) or Vilim Ivanovich de Gennin (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043c \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0434\u0435 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043d) (October 11, 1665 \u2014 April 12, 1750) was a German-born Russian military officer and engineer who specialized in mining and metallurgy.\nHe was born as Georg Wilhelm Henning in Siegerland, then County of Nassau, Holy Roman Empire (while other sources mention the neighbouring Lower Saxony). He was baptized in Siegen as Georg Wilhelm Henning in 1676. He later changed his name to Gennin, which is easier to pronounce for Russian speakers.\nDuring the Grand Embassy of Peter I in 1697 Franz Lefort invited him to join the Russian Imperial army. During the Great Northern War, Gennin excelled as an artillerist and fortification engineer. In 1728, he was promoted Lieutenant-General.\nAt first Gennin managed the iron founderies of Olonets. He is considered one of the founders of Petrozavodsk. In 1722, he moved to the Ural, where he served for 12 years as a manager of Ural government factories. Together with Vasily Tatischev, he was active in the foundation of the cities of Yekaterinburg and Perm.\nGennin was the author of the book \"Description of Ural and Siberian factories\", where for the first time he gives the geographical and historical description of the Perm Krai, including the Yagoshikhinskiy, Pyskorskiy and Suksunstiy factories with drawings.", "Q192180": "The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (Latvian SSR; Latvian: Latvijas Padomju Soci\u0101listisk\u0101 Republika; Russian: \u041b\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, Latviyskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also known as Soviet Latvia or Latvia, was a republic of the Soviet Union.\nIt was established on 21 July 1940, during World War II, as a Soviet puppet state in the territory of the previously independent Republic of Latvia after it had been occupied on June 17, 1940 by the Red Army, in conformity with the terms of the 23 August 1939 Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact.\nFollowing the Welles Declaration of July 23, 1940, the annexation of the Baltic states into the Soviet Union (USSR) on 5 August 1940 was not recognized as legitimate by the United States, the European Community, and recognition of it as the nominal thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth constituent republic of the USSR was withheld for five decades. Its territory was subsequently conquered by Nazi Germany in June\u2013July 1941, before being retaken by the Soviets in 1944\u20131945. Nevertheless, Latvia continued to exist as a de jure independent country with a number of countries continued to recognize Latvian diplomats and consuls who still functioned in the name of their former governments.\nSoviet rule came to the end during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The first freely elected parliament of the Latvian SSR passed a declaration \"On the Renewal of the Independence of the Republic of Latvia\" on May 4, 1990, restoring the official name of the State of Latvia as the Republic of Latvia. The full independence of the Republic of Latvia was restored on 21 August 1991, during the 1991 Soviet coup d'\u00e9tat attempt and fully recognized by the Soviet Union on 6 September 1991.", "Q272972": "Robin Gayle Wright (born April 8, 1966) is an American actress and director. She is the recipient of eight Primetime Emmy Award nominations and has earned a Golden Globe Award and a Satellite Award for her work in television.\nWright first gained attention for her role in the NBC Daytime soap opera Santa Barbara, as Kelly Capwell from 1984 to 1988. She then made the transition to film, starring in the romantic comedy fantasy adventure film The Princess Bride (1987). This role led Wright to further success in the film industry, with starring roles in films such as Forrest Gump (1994), the romantic drama Message in a Bottle (1999), the superhero drama-thriller Unbreakable (2000), the historical drama The Conspirator (2010), the biographical sports drama Moneyball (2011), the mystery thriller The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011), the biographical drama Everest (2015), the superhero film Wonder Woman (2017), and the neo-noir science fiction film Blade Runner 2049 (2017).\nWright starred as Claire Underwood in the Netflix political drama web television series House of Cards, for which she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama in 2013, making her the first actress to win a Golden Globe for a web television series. Wright has also received six Primetime Emmy Award nominations in the Outstanding Lead Actress category for House of Cards (one for each season), and two nominations in the Outstanding Drama Series category in 2016 and 2017 as a producer on the show.\nWright is also one of the highest paid actresses in the United States, earning US$420,000 per episode for her role in House of Cards in 2016.", "Q90779": "Max Liedtke (25 December 1894 \u2013 1955) was a German journalist and army officer. He was honoured as Righteous Among the Nations for his resistance against the \"liquidation\" of the entire Jewish population (including slave labor) of the ghetto in Przemy\u015bl in eastern Poland.Liedtke was born in Preussisch Holland, East Prussia (today Pas\u0142\u0119k, Poland) to a Lutheran Vicar. He passed his Abitur in Gumbinnen (today Gusev, Russia) and started to study Lutheran theology at the University of K\u00f6nigsberg, but volunteered for the German Imperial Army at the outbreak of World War I. After the war, he worked as a journalist and became the chief editor of a local newspaper in Greifswald. He was dismissed as editor in 1935 because of his critical attitude towards the Nazis. Liedtke was conscripted into the Wehrmacht in 1939. He was deployed in Poland, Belgium and Piraeus (Greece).", "Q7536": "Valerie Anita Aurora is a software engineer and feminist activist. She was the co-founder of the Ada Initiative, a non-profit organization that sought to increase women's participation in the free culture movement, open source technology, and open source culture. Aurora is also known within the Linux community for advocating new developments in filesystems in Linux, including ChunkFS and the Union file system. Her birth name was Val Henson, but she changed it shortly before 2009, choosing her middle name after the computer scientist Anita Borg. In 2012, Aurora, and Ada Initiative co-founder Mary Gardiner, were named two of the most influential people in computer security by SC Magazine. In 2013, she won the O'Reilly Open Source Award.\n\n", "Q98325": "Georg Preu\u00dfe (Pseudonym Mary Morgan) (born 24 August 1950 in Ankum) is a German actor and drag performer.", "Q128408": "Andrzej Majewski (born November 12, 1966) is a Polish aphorist, writer, columnist and photographer. He graduated from The Economics Academy of Wroc\u0142aw. He is the author of \"Aphorisms and Sentences Which Shake the World, or Not...\" (1999), \"Aphorisms That are Magnum in Parvo\" (2000) and \"Aphorisms for Every Occasion\" (2007) as well as the photo album \u201cEphemeralness of Eternity\u201d (2005).", "Q8605": "Sim\u00f3n Jos\u00e9 Antonio de la Sant\u00edsima Trinidad Bol\u00edvar y Palacios Ponte-Andrade y Blanco (24 July 1783 \u2013 17 December 1830), generally known as Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar (Spanish: [si\u02c8mom bo\u02c8li\u03b2a\u027e] (listen), English: BOL-iv-\u0259r, -\u2060ar also US: BOH-liv-ar) and also colloquially as El Libertador, or the Liberator, was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led what are currently the states of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama to independence from the Spanish Empire.\nBol\u00edvar was born into a wealthy family and as was common for the heirs of upper-class families in his day, was sent to be educated abroad at a young age, arriving in Spain when he was 16 and later moving to France. While in Europe he was introduced to the ideas of the Enlightenment, which later motivated him to overthrow the reigning Spanish in colonial South America. Taking advantage of the disorder in Spain prompted by the Peninsular War, Bol\u00edvar began his campaign for independence in 1808. The campaign for the independence of New Granada was consolidated with the victory at the Battle of Boyac\u00e1 on 7 August 1819. He established an organized national congress within three years. Despite a number of hindrances, including the arrival of an unprecedentedly large Spanish expeditionary force, the revolutionaries eventually prevailed, culminating in the patriot victory at the Battle of Carabobo in 1821, which effectively made Venezuela an independent country.\nFollowing this triumph over the Spanish monarchy, Bol\u00edvar participated in the foundation of the first union of independent nations in Latin America, Gran Colombia, of which he was president from 1819 to 1830. Through further military campaigns, he ousted Spanish rulers from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, the last of which was named after him. He was simultaneously president of Gran Colombia (present-day Venezuela, Colombia, Panama and Ecuador), Peru, and Bolivia, but soon after, his second-in-command, Antonio Jos\u00e9 de Sucre, was appointed president of Bolivia. Bol\u00edvar aimed at a strong and united Spanish America able to cope not only with the threats emanating from Spain and the European Holy Alliance but also with the emerging power of the United States. At the peak of his power, Bol\u00edvar ruled over a vast territory from the Argentine border to the Caribbean Sea.\nBol\u00edvar fought 472 battles, of which 79 were important ones, and during his campaigns rode on horseback 123,000 kilometers, which is 10 times more than Hannibal, three times more than Napoleon, and twice as much as Alexander the Great. Bol\u00edvar is viewed as a national icon in much of modern South America, and is considered one of the great heroes of the Hispanic independence movements of the early 19th century, along with Jos\u00e9 de San Mart\u00edn, Francisco de Miranda and others. Towards the end of his life, Bol\u00edvar despaired of the situation in his native region, with the famous quote \"all who served the revolution have plowed the sea\". In an address to the Constituent Congress of the Republic of Colombia, Bol\u00edvar stated \"Fellow citizens! I blush to say this: Independence is the only benefit we have acquired, to the detriment of all the rest.\"", "Q253764": "Cheryl Gates McFadden (born March 2, 1949), is an American actress and choreographer. She is usually credited as Cheryl McFadden when working as a choreographer and Gates McFadden when working as an actress. She is best known for playing Dr. Beverly Crusher in the Star Trek: The Next Generation television series and in the four subsequent films.", "Q723706": "Hanoch Bartov (Hebrew: \u05d7\u05e0\u05d5\u05da \u05d1\u05e8\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1, born 13 August 1926 - 13 December 2016) was an Israeli author and journalist.", "Q588449": "Fyodor Ilyich Dan (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u0414\u0430\u043d; n\u00e9 Gurvitch (Russian: \u0413\u0443\u0301\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447)), often known in English as Fedor Dan, (19 October 1871 \u2013 22 January 1947) was one of the founding leaders of Menshevism. His wife was fellow Menshevik Lydia Dan.\n\n", "Q370817": "Molly Joan Hagan (born August 3, 1961) is an American actress. She co-starred in films Code of Silence (1985), Some Kind of Wonderful (1987), The Dentist (1996), Election (1999) and Sully (2016), and is also known for her roles in television on Herman's Head (1991\u20131994) and Unfabulous (2004\u20132007).", "Q512577": "James Anthony \"Jim\" Sturgess (born 16 May 1978) is an English actor and singer-songwriter. His first major role was as Jude in the musical romance drama film Across the Universe (2007). In 2008, he played the male lead role of Ben Campbell in 21. In 2009, he played Gavin Kossef in the crime drama Crossing Over, appearing with Harrison Ford, Ray Liotta, and Ashley Judd. In 2010, Sturgess starred in the film The Way Back, directed by Peter Weir. Sturgess co-starred in the epic science fiction film Cloud Atlas, which began filming in September 2011 and was released in October 2012.", "Q439080": "Margo Stilley (born November 20, 1982) is an American actress and writer.", "Q18243": "William Bartram (April 20, 1739 \u2013 July 22, 1823) was an American naturalist. The son of Ann (n\u00e9e Mendenhall) and the naturalist John Bartram, William Bartram and his twin sister Elizabeth were born in Kingsessing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As a boy, he accompanied his father on many of his travels to the Catskill Mountains, the New Jersey Pine Barrens, New England, and Florida. From his mid-teens, Bartram was noted for the quality of his botanic and ornithological drawings. He also had an increasing role in the maintenance of his father's botanic garden, and added many rare species to it.\nIn 1773, he embarked upon a four-year journey through eight southern colonies. Bartram made many drawings and took notes on the native flora and fauna, and the native American Indians. In 1774, he explored the St. Johns River, where he had memorable encounters with aggressive alligators, and also visited a principal Seminole village at Cuscowilla, where his arrival was celebrated with a great feast. He met Ahaya the Cowkeeper, chief of the Alachua band of the Seminole tribe. When Bartram explained to the Cowkeeper that he was interested in studying the local plants and animals, the chief was amused and began calling him Puc Puggy (the flower hunter). Bartram continued his explorations of the Alachua Savannah, or what is today Paynes Prairie. William Bartram wrote of his experiences exploring the Southeast in his book Travels through North & South Carolina, East & West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chactaws, Containing an Account of the Soil and Natural Productions of Those Regions, Together with Observations on the Manners of the Indians, published in 1791 and which is today simply known as Bartram's Travels. E. G. Squier and Edwin Hamilton Davis, in their book, Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, name Bartram as \"the first naturalist who penetrated the dense tropical forests of Florida.\"", "Q164616": "Easy Money (Swedish: Snabba cash) is a Swedish thriller film directed by Daniel Espinosa that was released on 15 January 2010. It is based on the 2006 novel of the same name by Jens Lapidus. Joel Kinnaman stars in the lead role of Johan \"JW\" Westlund, a rather poor man living a double life in the upper class areas of Stockholm. After meeting a wealthy girl, he is enticed into the world of organized crime and begins to sell cocaine to afford his expensive lifestyle. Easy Money was well received by critics and was a hit at the box office.\nTwo sequels to the film have been filmed - the first (Snabba Cash II) was released in 2012, while the third premiered in Swedish cinemas October 2013. Warner Bros. holds the rights to an American remake of Easy Money, which is set to star Zac Efron.", "Q391343": "The Great McGinty is a 1940 political satire comedy film written and directed by Preston Sturges, starring Brian Donlevy and Akim Tamiroff and featuring William Demarest and (in her final screen appearance) Muriel Angelus. It was Sturges's first film as a director; he sold the story to Paramount Pictures for just $10 on condition he direct the film. Sturges went on to win the Oscar for Best Original Screenplay.\nIn the U.K., the film was retitled Down Went McGinty, alluding to the 1889 song.", "Q207335": "Randolph Peter Best (n\u00e9 Scanland; 24 November 1941) is an English musician known as having been the Beatles' drummer prior to their achieving worldwide fame. After he was dismissed from the group in 1962, he started his own band, the Pete Best Four, and later joined many other bands over the years. He is one of several people who have been referred to as the Fifth Beatle.\nBest was born in the city of Madras, then part of British India. After Best's mother, Mona Best (1924\u20131988), moved to Liverpool in 1945, she opened the Casbah Coffee Club in the cellar of the Bests' house in Liverpool. The Beatles (at the time known as the Quarrymen) played some of their first concerts at the club.\nThe Beatles invited Best to join on 12 August 1960, on the eve of the group's first Hamburg season of club dates. Ringo Starr eventually replaced Best on 16 August 1962, when the group's manager, Brian Epstein, fired Best at the request of John Lennon, Paul McCartney and George Harrison following the band's first recording session at Abbey Road Studios in London. Over 30 years later, Best received a major monetary payout for his work with the Beatles after the release of their 1995 compilation of their early recordings on Anthology 1, with Best on drums on a number of the album's tracks.\nAfter working in a number of commercially unsuccessful groups, Best gave up the music industry to work as a civil servant for 20 years, before starting the Pete Best Band. He has been married for over 50 years to Kathy Best; they have two daughters and four grandchildren.", "Q51125": "Claudia Grace Wells (born July 5, 1966) is an American actress and businesswoman, best known for her role as Jennifer Parker in the film Back to the Future (1985).", "Q38193": "Arthur Schopenhauer (; German: [\u02c8a\u0281t\u028a\u0281 \u02c8\u0283o\u02d0pn\u0329ha\u028a\u032f\u0250]; 22 February 1788 \u2013 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher. He is best known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation (expanded in 1844), wherein he characterizes the phenomenal world as the product of a blind and insatiable metaphysical will. Building on the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant, Schopenhauer developed an atheistic metaphysical and ethical system that rejected the contemporaneous ideas of German idealism. He was among the first thinkers in Western philosophy to share and affirm significant tenets of Eastern philosophy, such as asceticism and the notion of the world-as-appearance. His work has been described as an exemplary manifestation of philosophical pessimism.Though his work failed to garner substantial attention during his lifetime, Schopenhauer has had a posthumous impact across various disciplines, including philosophy, literature, and science. His writing on aesthetics, morality, and psychology influenced thinkers and artists throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Those who cited his influence included philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Anthony Ludovici, scientists Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger and Albert Einstein, psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, and writers such as Leo Tolstoy, Thomas Mann, George Bernard Shaw, Machado de Assis, Jorge Luis Borges, and Samuel Beckett.", "Q709845": "Keith Douglas Scott (born July 20, 1954) is a Canadian guitarist. He is best known for his long-term collaboration with the singer-songwriter Bryan Adams, for whom he plays lead guitar. He has also worked with Cher, Tina Turner, Bryan Ferry, Tom Cochrane, Craig Northey, Jo\u00e3o Pedro Pais, Jann Arden and other musicians.", "Q570494": "Elbert Lee Trinkle (March 12, 1876 \u2013 November 25, 1939) was an American politician who served as the 49th Governor of Virginia from 1922 to 1926.\n\n", "Q163179": "Clarence Andrew Cannon (April 11, 1879 \u2013 May 12, 1964) was a Democratic Congressman from Missouri serving from 1923 until his death in Washington, D.C. in 1964. He was a notable parliamentarian and chaired the U.S. House Committee on Appropriations. He is the longest-serving member of the United States House of Representatives from the state of Missouri.", "Q103855": "Uwe Barth (born 23 July 1964 in Bad Langensalza, Bezirk Erfurt) is a German politician and member of the FDP.\nIn 1986 he joined the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (LDPD), which merged with the FDP in 1990. He was a member of the German Bundestag from 2005 to 2009, representing the state of Thuringia. In the 2009 Thuringia state election he became a member of the Landtag of Thuringia and leader of the FDP Landtag group.", "Q1684964": "Jean-Louis Robert Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Dumas (2 February 1938 \u2013 1 May 2010) was a French billionaire businessman who was the chairman of the Herm\u00e8s group from 1978 to 2006. He was also the company's artistic director. Dumas is credited with turning Herm\u00e8s into a global luxury brand during his tenure as chairman.\n\n", "Q57554": "Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1 July 1742 \u2013 24 February 1799) was a German physicist, satirist, and Anglophile. As a scientist, he was the first to hold a professorship explicitly dedicated to experimental physics in Germany. He is remembered for his posthumously published notebooks, which he himself called Sudelb\u00fccher, a description modelled on the English bookkeeping term \"scrapbooks\", and for his discovery of tree-like electrical discharge patterns now called Lichtenberg figures.", "Q58667": "Otto Braun (28 January 1872 \u2013 15 December 1955) was a German Social Democratic politician who served as Prime Minister of Prussia for most of the time from 1920 to 1932. After the Nazis seized power in 1933, Braun went into exile in Switzerland.", "Q77684": "Sevim Da\u011fdelen (born 4 September 1975) is a German politician and a member of the Left Party (die Linke).", "Q3750": "Gera is the third-largest city in Thuringia, Germany, with 96,000 inhabitants, located 55 kilometres (34 miles) south of Leipzig, 75 km (47 miles) east of Erfurt and 120 km (75 miles) west of Dresden.\nGera was first mentioned in 995 and developed to a city during the 13th century. Later, it was the residence of several lines of the Reussians until the end of monarchy in Germany in 1918. Over the 19th century, Gera became a centre of the textile industry and saw a period of rapid growth. In 1952, the city also became an administrative centre in GDR as one of the capitals of Gera administrative district (Bezirk). In 1990, Gera became part of re-established Thuringia. The loss of its administrative functions as well as its industrial core (caused both by structural change among the European textile industry and the economic system change after the German reunification) precipitated the city's slide into an enduring economic crisis.\nSince 1990, many of Gera's buildings have been restored and big urban planning programmes like the Bundesgartenschau 2007 were implemented to stimulate Gera's economy. Sights include some retained buildings of the royal residence epoque and many public and private buildings from the economic heyday between 1870 and 1930. The famous painter Otto Dix was born in Gera in 1891.\nGera lies in a hilly landscape in the east of Thuringia, within the wide valley of the White Elster river.\n\n", "Q361932": "William McMichael \"Bill\" Shepherd (born July 26, 1949, Capt. USN, Ret.) is an American former Navy SEAL, aerospace, ocean, and mechanical engineer, and NASA astronaut who served as Commander of Expedition 1, the first crew on the International Space Station. He is also a recipient of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.", "Q513641": "Charles Hoff (9 May 1902 \u2013 19 February 1985) was a Norwegian athlete, coach, sports journalist, novelist and sports administrator.\nAs an active athlete he competed in pole vault, long jump, triple jump, sprints and middle distance running events. He set four world records in the pole vault during his career, became Norwegian champion ten times in different events, and competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. In 1926 he was excluded from the sport for professionalism.\nAfter his time as an athlete he took up a career as a sports journalist. During World War II he was a sports leader under the Nazi rule, leading the Norwegian Confederation of Sports from 1942 to 1944.", "Q339581": "Aleksey Vladimirovich Batalov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432; 20 November 1928 \u2013 15 June 2017) was a Soviet and Russian actor acclaimed for his portrayal of noble and positive characters. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1976 and a Hero of Socialist Labour in 1989.", "Q316562": "Paul Charles Caravello (July 12, 1950 \u2013 November 24, 1991), better known by his stage name Eric Carr, was an American musician and multi-instrumentalist who was the drummer for the rock band Kiss from 1980 to 1991. Caravello was selected as the new Kiss drummer after Peter Criss departed, when he chose the stage name \"Eric Carr\" and took up The Fox persona. He remained a member of Kiss until his death from heart cancer on November 24, 1991, at the age of 41.", "Q242899": "Katarina Leigh Waters (born 10 November 1980) is a German-born English professional wrestler she is best known for her time with Impact Wrestling under the ring name Katarina and for her time in WWE under the ring name Katie Lea Burchill. She spent many years on the independent circuit, particularly in the Frontier Wrestling Alliance, where she used the ring name Nikita.\nAfter signing with WWE, she competed in their former developmental territory Ohio Valley Wrestling, where she became a two time Women's Champion, before being called up to the main roster. After being released from WWE in April 2010, Waters joined TNA in August 2010, adopting the new ring name Winter. During her first year in the company, she managed to win both of the promotion's women's championships, first teaming with Angelina Love to win the Knockouts Tag Team Championship in December 2010 and then winning the Knockouts Championship two times in June and August 2011.", "Q427296": "The Crazies is a 2010 American science fiction horror film directed by Breck Eisner, with a screenplay from Scott Kosar and Ray Wright. The film is a remake of the 1973 film of the same name. George A. Romero, who wrote and directed the original, served as an executive producer. Starring Timothy Olyphant and Radha Mitchell, it focuses on a fictional Iowa town that becomes afflicted by a military virus that turns those infected into violent killers. The film was released on February 26, 2010 to generally positive reviews from critics, and was a modest box office success.", "Q2972611": "The Cimeti\u00e8re du Ch\u00e2teau in Nice, France, is the burial site for notables such as:\n\nFreda Betti (1924\u20131979), opera singer\nLouis Feuillade (1873\u20131925), film director\nAlexander Herzen (1812\u20131870), writer, novelist\nGaston Leroux (1868\u20131927), journalist, novelist\nEmil Jellinek-Mercedes (1853\u20131918)\nCarolina Otero (1868\u20131965), dancer\nRen\u00e9e Saint-Cyr (1904\u20132004), actress\nJos\u00e9 Gustavo Guerrero (1857-1958), first president of the International Court of Justice\nAlfred Van Cleef, jewellerThe Cimeti\u00e8re du Ch\u00e2teau stands on the old citadel of Nice. Even today, some sections of the massive walls of the ancient fortress remain. The fortress, which was built in the 16th century, was once one of the most secure strongholds in France. The cemetery is as much popular for its function and history as for the scenic views of the city that affords.\nThe graveyard at Cimeti\u00e8re du Ch\u00e2teau, which was founded in 1783, has 2,800 graves, where some of Nice's most famous people lie buried.\n\n", "Q43509": "Guayaquil (Spanish pronunciation: [\u0261wa\u029da\u02c8kil] (listen); Aymara & Quechua: Wayakil) officially Santiago de Guayaquil, is a city in Ecuador. It is also the nation's main port. The city is the capital of Guayas Province and the seat of Guayaquil canton.\nThe city is located on the west bank of the Guayas River, which flows into the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Guayaquil.\n\n", "Q2085381": "Publishing is the activity of making information, literature, music, software and other content available to the public for sale or for free. Traditionally, the term refers to the distribution of printed works, such as books, newspapers, and magazines. With the advent of digital information systems, the scope has expanded to include electronic publishing such as ebooks, academic journals, micropublishing, websites, blogs, video game publishing, and the like. \nPublishing may produce private, club, commons or public goods and may be conducted as a commercial, public, social or community activity. The commercial publishing industry ranges from large multinational conglomerates such as RELX, Pearson and Thomson Reuters to thousands of small independents. It has various divisions such as: trade/retail publishing of fiction and non-fiction, educational publishing (k-12) and academic and scientific publishing. Publishing is also undertaken by governments, civil society and private companies for administrative or compliance requirements, business, research, advocacy or public interest objectives. This can include annual reports, research reports, market research, policy briefings and technical reports. Self-publishing has become very common. \n\"Publisher\" can refer to a publishing company or organization, an individual who leads a publishing company or an imprint, or to an individual who leads a magazine.", "Q127713": "Thomas Gayle Morris (August 20, 1919 \u2013 March 4, 2016) was an American politician.\nHe was born in the town of Carbon, Eastland County, Texas. Morris moved to New Mexico and served in the United States Navy from November 12, 1937 to March 22, 1944. He then worked as a farmer in Quay County, and graduated from the University of New Mexico in 1948.\nMorris served in the New Mexico House of Representatives from 1953 to 1958, and was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1958. Morris began serving on January 3, 1959, and left office January 3, 1969, after being defeated for re-election.Following the abolition of multi-seat at-large districts, Morris' home was placed in New Mexico's 1st congressional district, which covered the northeastern portion of the state and about three-fourths of Albuquerque. He was narrowly defeated by Republican businessman Manuel Lujan Jr.\nHe ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate in 1972, and then served as a management consultant and vice president for Bank Securities, Inc. As of 2013 he resided in Albuquerque, New Mexico.\nThomas G. Morris donated his Congressional Papers to the New Mexico State University Library in 1973. He died in March 2016 at the age of 96.", "Q288148": "Henriett Seth F. (Hungarian pseudonym Seth F. Henriett; birth name Fajcs\u00e1k Henrietta; born 27 October 1980) is a Hungarian autistic savant poet, writer, musician and artist.", "Q131171": "Imhotep (; Egyptian: \u1ec9\u1ec9-m-\u1e25tp *j\u0101-im-\u1e25\u0101tap, in Unicode hieroglyphs: \ud80c\uddcd\ud80c\udd53\ud80c\udeb5:\ud80c\udfcf*\ud80c\udeaa, \"the one who comes in peace\"; fl. late 27th century BC) was an Egyptian chancellor to the pharaoh Djoser, probable architect of the Djoser's step pyramid, and high priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis. Very little is known of Imhotep as a historical figure, but in the 3000 years following his death, he was gradually glorified and deified.\nTraditions from long after Imhotep's death treated him as a great author of wisdom texts and especially as a physician. No text from his lifetime mentions these capacities and no text mentions his name in the first 1200 years following his death. Apart from the three short contemporary inscriptions that establish him as chancellor to the pharaoh, the first text to reference Imhotep dates to the time of Amenhotep III (c. 1391\u20131353 BC). It is addressed to the owner of a tomb, and reads:\n\nThe wab-priest may give offerings to your ka. The wab-priests may stretch to you their arms with libations on the soil, as it is done for Imhotep with the remains of the water bowl.\nIt appears that this libation to Imhotep was done regularly, as they are attested on papyri associated with statues of Imhotep until the Late Period (c. 664\u2013332 BC). To Wildung, this cult holds its origin in the slow evolution of the memory of Imhotep among intellectuals from his death onwards. To Alan Gardiner, this cult is so distinct from the offerings usually made to commoners that the epithet of \"demi-god\" is likely justified to describe the way Imhotep was venerated in the New Kingdom (c. 1550\u20131077 BC).The first references to the healing abilities of Imhotep occur from the Thirtieth Dynasty (c. 380\u2013343 BC) onwards, some 2200 years after his death.He was one of only two commoners ever to be deified after death (the other being Amenhotep, son of Hapu). The center of his cult was in Memphis.\nThe location of his tomb remains unknown, despite efforts to find it. The consensus is that it is hidden somewhere at Saqqara.", "Q515230": "Karol Sidor (July 16, 1901 \u2013 October 20, 1953) was a Slovak nationalist politician and journalist. Active from an early age, he was undecided about full independence and as a result was largely sidelined during the Slovak Republic\n\n", "Q310113": "John Paul Densmore (born December 1, 1944) is an American musician, songwriter, author and actor. He is best known as the drummer of the rock band the Doors, and as such is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. He appeared on every recording made by the band. Densmore is also noted for his veto of attempts by the other two Doors members, in the wake of singer Jim Morrison's 1971 death, to accept offers to license the rights to various Doors songs for commercial purposes, as well as his objections to their use in the 21st century of the Doors name and logo. Densmore's lengthy court battles to gain compliance with his veto ended with total victory for him and his allies in the Morrison estate. Densmore has worked additionally in the performing arts as a dancer and actor, and written successfully as both a playwright and the author of two books on the topic of the Doors. The many honors he shares with the other Doors include a Grammy Award for lifetime achievement and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q117808": "Josephine Johanna \"Josi\" Meier (31 August 1926 in Dagmersellen \u2013 4 November 2006 in Lucerne) was a Swiss politician and feminist. She was one of the first women in the Swiss parliament and had been called the \"Grand Old Lady\" of Swiss politics. She served as a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. She was the first woman President of the Swiss Council of States.", "Q178217": "Diophantus of Alexandria (Ancient Greek: \u0394\u03b9\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u1f08\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2; born probably sometime between AD 201 and 215; died around 84 years old, probably sometime between AD 285 and 299) was an Alexandrian Hellenistic mathematician, who was the author of a series of books called Arithmetica, many of which are now lost. His texts deal with solving algebraic equations. While reading Claude Gaspard Bachet de M\u00e9ziriac's edition of Diophantus' Arithmetica, Pierre de Fermat concluded that a certain equation considered by Diophantus had no solutions, and noted in the margin without elaboration that he had found \"a truly marvelous proof of this proposition,\" now referred to as Fermat's Last Theorem. This led to tremendous advances in number theory, and the study of Diophantine equations (\"Diophantine geometry\") and of Diophantine approximations remain important areas of mathematical research. Diophantus coined the term \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (parisotes) to refer to an approximate equality. This term was rendered as adaequalitas in Latin, and became the technique of adequality developed by Pierre de Fermat to find maxima for functions and tangent lines to curves. Diophantus was the first Greek mathematician who recognized fractions as numbers; thus he allowed positive rational numbers for the coefficients and solutions. In modern use, Diophantine equations are usually algebraic equations with integer coefficients, for which integer solutions are sought.\n\n", "Q1716584": "Supraphon Music Publishing is a Czech record label, oriented mainly towards publishing classical music and popular music, with an emphasis on Czech and Slovak composers.", "Q25854": "Count Mikl\u00f3s B\u00e1nffy de Losoncz (30 December 1873 \u2014 5 June 1950) was a Hungarian nobleman, liberal politician, and historical novelist. His books include The Transylvanian Trilogy (They Were Counted, They Were Found Wanting and They Were Divided), and The Phoenix Land.\n\n", "Q300300": "Anthony Cruz (born March 9, 1972), better known by his stage name AZ, is an American rapper from East New York, Brooklyn, New York. He is known for being a longtime and frequent music partner of Nas and also a member of hip hop group The Firm alongside Nas, Foxy Brown, Cormega and Nature. In a countdown of the 10 Most Underappreciated Rappers\u2014Most Underrated Rappers of All Time, the editors of About.com listed AZ as #1 on the list. He was also included on About.com's list of the Top 50 MCs of Our Time (1987\u20132007), where he was described as \"arguably the most underrated lyricist ever.\"\nAZ first became known by appearing on Nas's landmark 1994 album Illmatic on the song \"Life's A Bitch\", as well as featuring vocals on the opening track \"The Genesis\". AZ signed with EMI, and soon released his debut album Doe or Die in 1995 to critical acclaim. The album's lead single, \"Sugar Hill\", became AZ's major commercial success as a solo artist, reaching #25 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, and achieving Gold status. AZ's EMI contract was transferred to sister label Noo Trybe Records and Virgin Records when the EMI Label Group was shut down.\nIn 1997, AZ joined the group, The Firm with Nas, Nature, and Foxy Brown, and released their only album as a group, The Album. In 1998, AZ released his second solo album, Pieces of a Man. The album fared well but did not chart quite as well as his debut and did not feature a crossover single like \"Sugar Hill\".\nAfter this album's release, AZ signed with Motown and Universal Records and released 9 Lives. In 2002, he released Aziatic. A single from the album, \"The Essence,\" (featuring Nas) was nominated for the 2003 Grammy Awards for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group.\n\n", "Q392662": "Spy Hard is a 1996 American spy comedy film parody starring Leslie Nielsen and Nicollette Sheridan, parodying James Bond movies and other action films. The introduction to the movie is sung by comedy artist \"Weird Al\" Yankovic. It was the first film to be written by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer. The film's title is a parody of Die Hard. The film was directed by Rick Friedberg and produced by Doug Draizin and Jeffrey Konvitz.\nThe film was released by Buena Vista Pictures on May 24, 1996, receiving universally negative reviews from critics. While many praised Nielsen's acting and its humor, most found the script, story and its direction disappointing. The film eventually grossed $26 million against a production budget of $18 million.", "Q704391": "K\u00e1lm\u00e1n Kand\u00f3 de Egerfarmos et Sztregova (egerfarmosi \u00e9s sztregovai Kand\u00f3 K\u00e1lm\u00e1n; 10 July 1869 \u2013 13 January 1931) was a Hungarian engineer, and a pioneer in the development of AC electric railway traction.", "Q199943": "Adriano Celentano (Italian pronunciation: [adri\u02c8a\u02d0no t\u0283elen\u02c8ta\u02d0no]; born 6 January 1938) is an Italian singer-songwriter, musician, actor and film director. He is dubbed \"il Molleggiato\" (the flexible one) because of his dancing.Celentano has released many record albums which have enjoyed enormous commercial and critical success.\nHe is often credited as the author of both the music and lyrics of his songs, although, according to his wife Claudia Mori, sometimes they were written in collaboration with others. Due to his prolific career and great success, both in Italy and the rest of the world, he is considered one of the pillars of Italian music.\nCelentano is also recognized for being particularly perceptive of changes in the music business. He is credited for having introduced Rock'n'Roll to Italy \u2013 a genre that had great appeal on young people of that time. As an actor, Celentano has appeared in about 40 films, mostly comedies.\n\n", "Q1128631": "Leeds United Football Club is a professional football club in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The club was formed in 1919 following the disbanding of Leeds City F.C. by the Football League and took over their Elland Road stadium. They play in the Championship, the second tier of English football.Leeds United have won three English league titles, one FA Cup, one League Cup, two Charity/Community Shields and two Inter-Cities Fairs Cups. The club reached the 1975 European Cup Final, losing to Bayern Munich. Leeds also reached the semi-finals of the tournament's successor, the Champions League in 2001. The club were runners-up in the European Cup Winners Cup final in 1973. The majority of the honours were won under the management of Don Revie in the 1960s and 1970s.\nLeeds play in all-white kits at home matches. The club's badge features the White Rose of York together with the monogram LUFC. The club's anthem is Marching on Together. Leeds share rivalries with Manchester United, Chelsea and Millwall, as well as with local teams such as Huddersfield Town, Bradford City and Sheffield Wednesday.", "Q381178": "Robert William Barker (born December 12, 1923) is a retired American television game show host. He is known for hosting CBS's The Price Is Right from 1972 to 2007, making it the longest-running daytime game show in North American television history. He is also known for hosting Truth or Consequences from 1956 to 1974.\nBorn in Darrington, Washington, to modest circumstances, Barker enlisted in the United States Navy during World War II. He worked part-time in radio while he attended college. In 1950, he moved to California in order to pursue a career in broadcasting. He was given his own radio show, The Bob Barker Show, which ran for six years. Barker began his game show career in 1956, hosting Truth or Consequences. From there, he hosted various game shows, and the Miss Universe and Miss USA pageants from 1967 to 1987, giving him the distinction of being the longest-serving host of these pageants. He began hosting The Price Is Right in 1972. When his wife Dorothy Jo died, he became an advocate for animal rights and of animal-rights activism, supporting groups such as the United Activists for Animal Rights and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. In 2007, he retired from hosting The Price Is Right after celebrating his 50-year career on television.\n\n", "Q455166": "Edmund Cartwright (24 April 1743 \u2013 30 October 1823) was an English inventor. He graduated from Oxford University very early and went on to invent the power loom. Married to local Elizabeth McMac at 19, he was the brother of Major John Cartwright, a political reformer and radical, and George Cartwright, explorer of Labrador.\n\n", "Q189588": "Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a cancer that develops from the lining of the stomach. Most cases of stomach cancers are gastric carcinomas, which can be divided into a number of subtypes including gastric adenocarcinomas. Lymphomas and mesenchymal tumors may also develop in the stomach. Early symptoms may include heartburn, upper abdominal pain, nausea and loss of appetite. Later signs and symptoms may include weight loss, yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, vomiting, difficulty swallowing and blood in the stool among others. The cancer may spread from the stomach to other parts of the body, particularly the liver, lungs, bones, lining of the abdomen and lymph nodes.The most common cause is infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which accounts for more than 60% of cases. Certain types of H. pylori have greater risks than others. Smoking, dietary factors such as pickled vegetables and obesity are other risk factors. About 10% of cases run in families, and between 1% and 3% of cases are due to genetic syndromes inherited from a person's parents such as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. Most of the time, stomach cancer develops in stages over years. Diagnosis is usually by biopsy done during endoscopy. This is followed by medical imaging to determine if the disease has spread to other parts of the body. Japan and South Korea, two countries that have high rates of the disease, screen for stomach cancer.A Mediterranean diet lowers the risk of stomach cancer, as does the stopping of smoking. There is tentative evidence that treating H. pylori decreases the future risk. If stomach cancer is treated early, it can be cured. Treatments may include some combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapy. If treated late, palliative care may be advised. Some types of lymphoma can be cured by eliminating H. pylori. Outcomes are often poor, with a less than 10% five-year survival rate in the Western world for advanced cases. This is largely because most people with the condition present with advanced disease. In the United States, five-year survival is 31.5%, while in South Korea it is over 65% and Japan over 70%, partly due to screening efforts.Globally, stomach cancer is the fifth leading type of cancer and the third leading cause of death from cancer, making up 7% of cases and 9% of deaths. In 2018, it newly occurred in 1.03 million people and caused 783,000 deaths. Before the 1930s, in much of the world, including most Western developed countries, it was the most common cause of death from cancer. Rates of death have been decreasing in many areas of the world since then. This is believed to be due to the eating of less salted and pickled foods as a result of the development of refrigeration as a method of keeping food fresh. Stomach cancer occurs most commonly in East Asia and Eastern Europe. It occurs twice as often in males as in females.\n\n", "Q2636476": "Charles Voisin (12 July 1882 in Lyon \u2013 26 September 1912 in Belleville-sur-Sa\u00f4ne) was an early aviation pioneer from France. He was the younger brother of Gabriel Voisin, also an aviation pioneer.", "Q445375": "Merlin Santana (March 14, 1976 \u2013 November 9, 2002) was an American actor and rapper. Santana was best known for his roles as Rudy Huxtable's boyfriend Stanley on The Cosby Show, Marcus Dixon on Getting By, Marcus Henry in Under One Roof and as high school student Romeo Santana on The WB sitcom The Steve Harvey Show.", "Q3778": "Zwickau (German pronunciation: [\u02c8tsv\u026aka\u028a]; Sorbian (hist.): \u0160wikawa, Czech: Cvikov) is a town in Saxony, Germany, and the capital of the Zwickau district. It is situated in a valley at the foot of the Erzgebirge mountains, is part of Central Germany (cultural area) and is geographically linked to the urban areas of Leipzig-Halle, Dresden and Chemnitz. The town has approximately 100,000 inhabitants. From 1834 until 1952 Zwickau was the seat of the government of the south-western region of Saxony.\nZwickau is the centre of the Saxon automotive industry, with a tradition over one hundred years old, including car makers Horch, Audi, Auto Union, Trabant and Volkswagen. The University of Applied Sciences Zwickau (Wests\u00e4chsische Hochschule Zwickau) trains automotive engineers. \nThe valley of the 166-kilometre (103-mile) long Zwickauer Mulde river stretches from the Vogtland to Colditz Castle at the other end. The Silver Road, Saxony's longest tourist route, connects Dresden with Zwickau.Zwickau can be reached by car via the nearby Autobahns A4 and A72, the main railway station (Zwickau Hauptbahnhof), via a public airfield which takes light aircraft, and by bike along river Zwickauer Mulde on the so-called Mulderadweg .", "Q16520": "Busan (Korean pronunciation: [pusan]), formerly romanized as Pusan and now officially Busan Metropolitan City, is South Korea's second most-populous city after Seoul, with a population of over 3.5 million inhabitants. It is the economic, cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea, with its port\u2014Korea's busiest and the fifth-busiest in the world \u2014only about 190 kilometers (120 mi) from the Japanese islands of Kyushu and Honshu. The surrounding \"Southeast Economic Zone\" (including Ulsan and South Gyeongsang) is South Korea's largest industrial area.\nBusan is divided into 15 major administrative districts and a single county, together housing a population of approximately 3.6 million. The full metropolitan area, the Southeastern Maritime Industrial Region, has a population of approximately 8 million. The most densely built-up areas of the city are situated in a number of narrow valleys between the Nakdong and the Suyeong Rivers, with mountains separating most of the districts. The Nakdong is Korea's longest river and Busan's Haeundae Beach is also the country's largest.\nBusan is a center for international conventions, hosting APEC in 2005. It is also a center for sports tournaments in Korea, having hosted the 2002 Asian Games and FIFA World Cup. It is home to the world's largest department store, the Shinsegae Centum City. Busan was added to the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as a \"City of Film\" in December 2014.", "Q726130": "Martin Donovan (born Martin Paul Smith; August 19, 1957) is an American actor. He has had a long collaboration with director Hal Hartley and appeared in many of Hartley's films, such as Trust (1990), Surviving Desire (1991), Simple Men (1992), Flirt (1993), Amateur (1994), and The Book of Life (1998). Donovan also played Peter Scottson on Showtime's cable series Weeds. He made his writing/directorial debut with the film Collaborator (2011).", "Q7987250": "The Westchester Hills Cemetery is at 400 Saw Mill River Road in Hastings-on-Hudson, Westchester County, New York, approximately 20 miles north of New York City. It is a Jewish cemetery, and many well-known entertainers and performers are interred there. It was founded by the Stephen Wise Free Synagogue in 1919 when the synagogue acquired the northern portion of the Mount Hope Cemetery.", "Q491124": "Anders Krohn (born 15 November 1987) is a Norwegian racing driver from Stavanger.", "Q4132909": "Filaret Galchev (Russian: \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0413\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0435\u0432; born 26 May 1963 in Tbilisi, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic) is a Russian businessman of Pontic Greek origin (born as Filaretos Kaltsidis; Greek: \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2), chairman of Eurocement group.", "Q261926": "Muse Watson (born July 20, 1948) is an American stage and screen actor. He became known for his roles as Ben Willis, the primary antagonist in the I Know What You Did Last Summer franchise, Charles Westmoreland on the Fox television series Prison Break and as Mike Franks in CBS television series NCIS.", "Q155385": "Gnassingb\u00e9 Eyad\u00e9ma (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0272as\u025b\u0303\u0261be \u025bjadema]; born \u00c9tienne Eyad\u00e9ma, 26 December 1935 \u2013 5 February 2005) was the President of Togo from 1967 until his death in 2005. He participated in two successful military coups, in January 1963 and January 1967, and became President on 14 April 1967.\nAs President, he created a political party, the Rally of the Togolese People (RPT), and headed an anti-communist single-party regime until the early 1990s, when reforms leading to multiparty elections began. Although his rule was seriously challenged by the events of the early 1990s, he ultimately consolidated power again and won multiparty presidential elections in 1993, 1998 and 2003; the opposition boycotted the 1993 election and denounced the 1998 and 2003 election results as fraudulent. At the time of his death, Eyad\u00e9ma was the longest-serving ruler in Africa.According to a 2018 study, \"Gnassingb\u00e9 Eyadema's rule rested on repression, patronage, and a bizarre leadership cult.\"", "Q216576": "Jakob Klatzkin, Yakov/Jakub Klaczkin (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05e7\u05dc\u05e6\u05e7\u05d9\u05df\u200e; Russian: \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438\u043d) (October 3, 1882, Biaroza, Grodno Governorate, now Belarus \u2013 March 26, 1948, Vevey, Switzerland) was a Jewish philosopher, publicist, author, and publisher.", "Q239595": "Audrina Cathleen Patridge (born May 9, 1985) is an American television personality, television presenter, actress, and model. In 2006, she rose to prominence after being cast in the reality television series The Hills, which chronicled the personal and professional lives of Patridge and friends Lauren Conrad, Heidi Montag, and Whitney Port. During its production, she was cast in positions with Quixote Studios and Epic Records.\nLater that year, Patridge competed on the eleventh season of the American version of Dancing with the Stars, and finished in seventh place. In 2011, she was commissioned her own television series, Audrina, which documented the lives of her and her immediate family. Patridge entered the film industry with starring positions in the horror film Sorority Row (2009) and Direct-to-DVD film, Into the Blue 2: The Reef (2011). She was additionally featured as a supporting character in Honey 2 (2011) and Scary Movie 5 (2013), though her scenes were ultimately removed from the latter film. In 2014 and 2015, Patridge hosted NBC's late-night travel show 1st Look.", "Q1252125": "Dragoslav \"Dragan\" Nikoli\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u045b; 20 August 1943 \u2013 11 March 2016) was a Serbian actor.\nNikoli\u0107 studied at Dramatic Arts Academy in Belgrade. In 1967 he starred in the film Kad budem mrtav i beo, which was the beginning of a career that lasted 50 years. Dragan Nikoli\u0107 has since appeared in many films of different genres and portrayed various characters, becoming one of the most recognizable actors in Serbian cinema. In 2000, he received the \"Pavle Vuisi\u0107\" Award for his lifework. From 2011 to 2013, he was the television host on the Serbian edition of quiz Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?.\nHis best known role was as Prle, a wisecracking World War II resistance fighter whom he portrayed in 1970s TV series Otpisani and Povratak otpisanih.", "Q115979": "Aminatou Ali Ahmed Haidar (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u200e; born 24 July 1966), sometimes known as Aminetou,\nAminatu or Aminetu, is a Sahrawi human rights activist and an advocate of the independence of Western Sahara. She is often called the \"Sahrawi Gandhi\" or \"Sahrawi Pasionaria\" for her nonviolent protests. She is the president of the Collective of Sahrawi Human Rights Defenders (CODESA). She was imprisoned from 1987 to 1991 and from 2005 to 2006 on charges related to her independence advocacy. In 2009, she attracted international attention when she staged a hunger strike in Lanzarote Airport after being denied re-entry into Moroccan Western Sahara. Haidar has won several international human rights awards for her work, including the 2008 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award, 2009 Civil Courage Prize and 2019 Right Livelihood Award.", "Q568595": "J\u00f8rgen Zo\u00ebga (20 December 1755 \u2013 10 February 1809) was a Danish scientist. \nHe was noted for his work as an archaeologist, numismatist and anthropologist.", "Q200314": "The Democratic Party of Japan (\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a, Minshut\u014d) was a centrist political party in Japan from 1998 to 2016.\nThe party's origins lie in the previous Democratic Party of Japan, which was founded in September 1996 by politicians of the centre-right and centre-left with roots in the Liberal Democratic Party and Japan Socialist Party. In April 1998 the previous DPJ merged with splinters of the New Frontier Party to create a new party which retained the DPJ name. In 2003 the party was joined by the Liberal Party of Ichir\u014d Ozawa.Following the 2009 election, the DPJ became the ruling party in the House of Representatives, defeating the long-dominant Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and gaining the largest number of seats in both the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors. The DPJ was ousted from government by the LDP in the 2012 general election. It retained 57 seats in the lower house, and still had 88 seats in the upper house. During its time in office, the DPJ was beset by internal conflicts and struggled to implement many of its proposed policies, an outcome described by political scientists Phillip Lipscy and Ethan Scheiner as the \"paradox of political change without policy change\". Legislative productivity under the DPJ was particularly low, falling to levels unprecedented in recent Japanese history according to some measures. However, the DPJ implemented a number of progressive measures during its time in office such as the provision of free public schooling through high school, increases in child-rearing subsidies, expanded unemployment insurance coverage, extended duration of a housing allowance, and stricter regulations safeguarding part-time and temporary workers.On 27 March 2016 the DPJ merged with the Japan Innovation Party and Vision of Reform to form the Democratic Party (2016) (Minshint\u014d).It is not to be confused with the now-defunct Japan Democratic Party that merged with the Liberal Party in 1955 to form the Liberal Democratic Party. It is also different from another Democratic Party (1947), which was established in 1947 and dissolved in 1950.", "Q82433": "Fusanosuke Natsume (\u590f\u76ee \u623f\u4e4b\u4ecb, Natsume Fusanosuke, born August 18, 1950) is a Japanese columnist and cartoonist. Born in Tokyo to Jun'ichi Natsume, son of novelist Natsume S\u014dseki, he attended Aoyama Gakuin University, where he graduated in 1973. \nHe was awarded the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize (Special Award) in 1999 for the excellence criticism of manga.He has written the book Manga wa ima dou natteorunoka? (\u30de\u30f3\u30ac\u306f\u4eca\u3069\u3046\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308b\u306e\u304b?) (published in 2005), which was illustrated by Fumi Yoshinaga.", "Q633529": "Erasmus University Rotterdam (abbreviated as EUR, Dutch: Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam [e\u02d0\u02ccr\u0251sm\u028fs yniv\u025brsi\u02cct\u025bit r\u0254t\u0259r\u02c8d\u0251m]) is a public university located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The university is named after Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, a 15th-century humanist and theologian.\nErasmus MC is the largest and one of the foremost academic medical centers and trauma centers in the Netherlands, whereas its economics and business school, Erasmus School of Economics and Rotterdam School of Management are well known in Europe and beyond. Erasmus University Rotterdam has been placed in the top 100 universities in the world by three major ranking tables. In 2017, the university was ranked among top ten business schools in Europe by Financial Times. In 2015, Erasmus University Rotterdam is ranked by Times Higher Education as 20th in Europe and 72nd in the world, with its social sciences as 40th, and clinical health as 35th in the world.The university has seven faculties and focuses on the following four areas:\n\nHealth \u2013 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences/Erasmus MC and Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management (ESHPM)\nWealth \u2013 Erasmus School of Economics and Rotterdam School of Management\nGovernance \u2013 Erasmus School of Law and Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences (ESSB)\nCulture \u2013 Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences (ESSB) and Erasmus School of Philosophy (ESPhil)", "Q266091": "Shayne Thomas Ward (born 16 October 1984) is an English singer and actor. He is best known for his role as Aidan Connor in Coronation Street from 2015 to 2018. He rose to fame as the winner of the second series of The X Factor. His debut single, \"That's My Goal\", was released in the United Kingdom on 21 December 2005 and reached number one on the UK Singles Chart and was that year's Christmas number one. It sold 313,000 copies on its first day of sales, making it the third-fastest-selling single of all time in the UK, behind Elton John's \"Candle in the Wind 1997\" and Will Young's \"Evergreen\", which sold 685,000 and 400,000 copies in their first days of sale, respectively.Ward was the first X Factor winner to release an original song as his winner's single. His prize, as winner, was a recording contract with Simon Cowell's Syco record label, which is co-owned by Sony Music. His eponymous debut album was released in April 2006. It debuted at number one on both the Irish and UK Albums Charts, going 4\u00d7 Platinum in Ireland and Platinum in the UK. It spawned two hit singles: \"No Promises\" and \"Stand by Me\". The follow-up album, Breathless, featuring the top 10 hits \"If That's OK with You\" and \"No U Hang Up\", was released in November 2007 and topped the Irish charts, where it went 5\u00d7 Platinum.\nIn November 2010, after a three-year hiatus, Ward released his third album, Obsession. In contrast to Shayne Ward and Breathless, it underperformed with first-week sales of under 23,000, and missed the top 10 in both the UK and Ireland. In 2011, Ward was dropped by Syco. In 2015, he released a new album Closer as an independent artist, funded through PledgeMusic.In 2015, he began appearing as Aidan Connor in TV's Coronation Street as a regular character. He made his last appearance in May 2018.", "Q144288": "Zeid Ibn Shaker, GBE, CVO (4 September 1934 \u2013 30 August 2002) (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u200e) served as commander-in-chief of the Jordanian military for more than twelve years and Prime Minister of Jordan three times. King Hussein awarded him the non-hereditary title prince on 4 February 1996.\nField Marshal General of the Army Sharif Zaid ibn Shakir was a cousin of King Hussein. He joined the military and served with the future King Hussein. In 1957 and 1958 he was the assistant military attache at the Embassy of Jordan in London. He served in a number of positions in the Jordanian military, including being a tank commander at both the brigade and division level. On 8 January 1996 he was made chief of staff for the armed services, which post he held until resigning in 1988. In June 1987 he was made field marshal. Being a Hashemite, Zaid ibn Shaker's family had always been close to the Royal family, and Zaid ibn Shakir himself had been personally linked with King Hussein throughout his military career. In addition to his high palace position, he also filled a then newly created post of adviser to the king on national security, which implied that Zaid bin Shaker would retain considerable influence over military policies.Zaid Ibn Shaker served 3 terms as prime minister and formed 3 governments:-\n\n27 April 1989 until 4 December 1989\n21 November 1991 until 29 May 1993\n7 January 1995 until 4 February 1996\n\n", "Q104874": "G\u00fcnther Tamaschke (26 February 1896, Berlin \u2013 14 October 1959, Uhingen) was a German SS-Standartenf\u00fchrer and commandant of the Lichtenburg and Ravensbr\u00fcck concentration camps.", "Q92620": "Bjarne Stroustrup (; Danish: [\u02c8pja\u02d0n\u0259 \u02c8st\u0281\u028cw\u02c0st\u0281\u0254p]; born 30 December 1950) is a Danish computer scientist, most notable for the creation and development of the C++ programming language. He is a visiting professor at Columbia University, and works at Morgan Stanley as a Managing Director in New York.\n\n", "Q91329": "Augustin R\u00f6sch (11 May 1893, in Schwandorf \u2013 7 November 1961, in Munich) was a German Jesuit, Provincial, and significant figure in Catholic resistance to Nazism. Active in the Kreisau Circle German Resistance group, he was arrested in connection with the 1944 July Plot to overthrow Hitler, but survived his imprisonment.", "Q167451": "Aristeidis Moraitinis (Greek: \u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03c9\u03c1\u03b1\u00ef\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2) (1806\u20131875) was born in Smyrna, Ottoman Empire (now \u0130zmir, Turkey). He was educated in France, but during the reign of King Otto, he was a staunch member of the French Party. He served as the 15th Prime Minister of Greece for a few days in February 1863 during the period between the coup d'\u00e9tat against King Otto and the arrival of the new Danish-born Prince William who would be known in Greece as King George I. Moraitinis was made Prime Minister a second time for a little over a month in 1868. He died in Athens 1875.", "Q724727": "Henry Jamison \"Jam\" Handy (March 6, 1886 \u2013 November 13, 1983) was an American Olympic breaststroke swimmer, water polo player, and founder of the Jam Handy Organization (JHO), a producer of commercially sponsored motion pictures, slidefilms (later known as filmstrips), trade shows, industrial theater and multimedia training aids. Credited as the first person to imagine distance learning, Handy made his first film in 1910 and presided over a company that produced an estimated 7,000 motion pictures and perhaps as many as 100,000 slidefilms before it was dissolved in 1983.", "Q121404": "Friedrich Ernst Scheller (15 November 1791 \u2013 21 December 1869) was a German jurist and politician. He served as a member of the Frankfurt Parliament.\nScheller studied jurisprudence at the University of G\u00f6ttingen from 1809 until 1813 and graduated as a lawyer. The following year, he became a judge in Aachen, a job he carried out until 1816, when he became president of the Krefeld courts of justice. Further work took Scheller to Halberstadt and Berlin, and later to Frankfurt (Oder). On 18 May 1848, he was elected to the Frankfurt Parliament and also served two years as a member of the Preu\u00dfischer Landtag. Scheller retired in 1869 and died a short time afterward, aged 78.", "Q1412982": "Fu Chengyu (Chinese: \u5085\u6210\u7389; pinyin: F\u00f9 Ch\u00e9ngy\u00f9) is the Chairman of China Petroleum and Chemical Corp (Sinopec), the largest Asian refiner. He previously worked at the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), which foresaw a five-fold increase in its profits during his presence.", "Q4948171": "Boston University College of Communication (COM) is a communication school within Boston University. It was founded in 1947 as the School of Public Relations. The College of Communication is the oldest public relations school in the United States. Today, the school offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in three academic departments: Film and Television; Journalism; and Mass Communication (Advertising, Public Relations, Communication Studies, and Emerging Media Studies). The school's journalism and communication programs are highly ranked nationally with its film program ranked 11th by The Hollywood Reporter in 2013. The College of Communication building is just blocks from Kenmore Square and Fenway Park.\nThe College of Communication is home to many of Boston University's most popular student-run organizations, including butv10 (television), WTBU Radio, AdLab, and PRLab. COM also offers special internship programs in Los Angeles, Washington D.C., and London.Each summer, the school hosts the Academy of Media Production, a four-week program for high-school students, and the Pre-College Summer Journalism Institute, sponsored by the New England Center for Investigative Reporting.", "Q1690087": "Paul Winston Weeden (born 7 January 1923 in Indianapolis \u2013 2 July 2011 in Oslo) was an American-Norwegian jazz guitarist and bandleader, known from several album releases.", "Q86655": "Leander Hau\u00dfmann (sometimes Haussmann) (born 26 June 1959, Quedlinburg) is a German theatre and film director.\nThe son of actor Ezard Hau\u00dfmann and costume designer Doris Hau\u00dfmann, he attended the Ernst Busch theatre school in Berlin. \nHau\u00dfmann was the theatre director of the city theatre in Bochum (Schauspielhaus Bochum). He also wrote and acted in several plays (1995-2000), and had a role in the Detlev Buck film, M\u00e4nnerpension. His feature film breakthrough came with Sonnenallee in 1999. His second feature, Herr Lehmann, followed in 2003. His production of Die Fledermaus in Munich was controversial, compounding the trouble surrounding his production of Peter Pan. As a result, his scheduled production of Romeo and Juliet was cancelled.", "Q299723": "Howard Hathaway Aiken (March 8, 1900 \u2013 March 14, 1973) was an American physicist and a pioneer in computing, being the original conceptual designer behind IBM's Harvard Mark I computer.\n\n", "Q131617": "The Deutsches Museum (German Museum, officially Deutsches Museum von Meisterwerken der Naturwissenschaft und Technik (English: German Museum of Masterpieces of Science and Technology)) in Munich, Germany, is the world's largest museum of science and technology, with about 28,000 exhibited objects from 50 fields of science and technology. It receives about 1.5 million visitors per year.\nThe museum was founded on 28 June 1903, at a meeting of the Association of German Engineers (VDI) as an initiative of Oskar von Miller. It is the largest museum in Munich. For a period of time the museum was used to host pop and rock concerts including The Who, Jimi Hendrix and Elton John.", "Q166997": "Nevers ( n\u0259-VAIR, French: [n\u0259v\u025b\u0281] (listen); Latin: Noviodunum, later Nevirnum and Nebirnum) is the prefecture of the Ni\u00e8vre department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9 region in central France. It was the principal city of the former province of Nivernais. It is 260 km (160 mi) south-southeast of Paris.", "Q109388": "Klaus Segbers (born 1954 in Dortmund, Germany) is a German political scientist and professor for International Relations and East European Studies at Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin. He is also the founder and director of the Center for Global Politics at Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, which offers four distinct graduate study programs designed for professionals and young leaders. His research interests include theories of International Relations, transformations in the former Soviet Union, international political economy, and globalization.", "Q64808": "Langenbruck is a municipality in the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.", "Q2720200": "Alexandre Jean Joseph Le Riche de La Poupelini\u00e8re, sometimes also written Popelini\u00e8re ou Poupelini\u00e8re (Paris, 1693 \u2013 5 December 1762) was an immensely wealthy fermier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, the only son of his father, Alexandre Le Riche (1663-1735), seigneur of Courgains, (Anjou) and Br\u00e9tignolles (Touraine), likewise a fermier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Besides his post as tax farmer, he was mainly one of the greatest patrons of music and musicians of the eighteenth century. A true patron of the Enlightenment he gathered round him a circle of artists, men of letters and musicians. He kept a private orchestra, \"the best that was known in those days\", according to Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Marmontel (\"\u2026 le meilleur concert de musique qui f\u00fbt connu dans ce temps-l\u00e0.\"), which was led for twenty-two years by Jean-Philippe Rameau, who was succeeded by Johann Stamitz and then by Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph Gossec. The best Italian musicians, violinists, singers, were lodged with him and fed at his table, and all, according to Marmontel, were inspired to shine competitively in his salon. Voltaire was obliged to his generosity, and Maurice Quentin de La Tour and Carle van Loo both painted his portrait. Marmontel recalled later, \"Never did a bourgeois live in more princely style, and the princes came to enjoy his pleasures.\" (\"Jamais bourgeois n'a mieux v\u00e9cu en prince, et les princes venaient jouir de ses plaisirs.\")Separated from his wife, La Poupelini\u00e8re established himself luxuriously at Passy, a fashionable suburb west of Paris. The best singers from the Op\u00e9ra and the most beautiful dancers embellished his suppers. In his private theatre he mounted his own comedies, one of them being Da\u00efra (1760); Marmontel found them mediocre, but expressed with such taste and so well written that it was not excessive flattery to applaud them. He also published a Journal de voyage en Hollande (1731) and Tableaux et m\u0153urs du temps dans les diff\u00e9rents \u00e2ges de la vie, which was published together with L'Histoire de Za\u00efrette in 1750.\nRameau met most of his librettists at the h\u00f4tel de La Poupelini\u00e8re at Passy and his operas were composed in the house. He died at Passy, aged 69. In the following year, composer Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph Gossec was obliged to appear in court to obtain restitution of some of his own scores, which had been in La Poupelini\u00e8re's possession when he died.", "Q245648": "Camilla Rutherford (born 20 September 1976) is an English actress and fashion model.", "Q863049": "Billy Childish (born Steven John Hamper, 1 December 1959) is an English painter, author, poet, photographer, film maker, singer and guitarist. Since the late 1970s, Childish has been prolific in creating music, writing and visual art. He has led and played in bands including the Pop Rivets, Thee Milkshakes, Thee Headcoats, and the Musicians of the British Empire, primarily working in the genres of garage rock, punk and surf and releasing more than 100 albums.\nHe is a consistent advocate for amateurism and free emotional expression. Childish co-founded the Stuckism art movement with Charles Thomson in 1999, which he left in 2001. Since then a new evaluation of Childish's standing in the art world has been under way, culminating with the publication of a critical study of Childish's working practice by the artist and writer Neal Brown, with an introduction by Peter Doig, which describes Childish as \"one of the most outstanding, and often misunderstood, figures on the British art scene\". He is a visiting lecturer at Rochester Independent College. In July 2014 Childish was awarded an honorary Doctor of Arts Degree from the University of Kent.He is known for his explicit and prolific work \u2013 he has detailed his love life and childhood sexual abuse, notably in his early poetry and the novels My Fault (1996), Notebooks of a Naked Youth (1997), Sex Crimes of the Futcher (2004) \u2013 The Idiocy of Idears (2007), and in several of his songs, notably in the instrumental \"Paedophile\" (1992) (featuring a photograph of the man who sexually abused him on the front cover) and \"Every Bit of Me\" (1993). From 1981 until 1985 Childish had a relationship with artist Tracey Emin.\nThirty years after Childish's first musical releases with Thee Milkshakes and Thee Mighty Caesars, a crop of lo-fi, surf rock and punk groups with psychedelic subtexts has surfaced referencing the aesthetic established by Childish in both their band names and in various aspects of their sonic aesthetic: Thee Oh Sees, Thee Open Sex, Thee Tsunamis, Thee Dang Dangs and many others.", "Q12746": "The canton of St. Gallen, also canton of St Gall (German: Kanton St. Gallen Sankt Gallen ; dialectally /sa\u014bk\u02c8al\u02d0\u0259/, French: canton de Saint-Gall, Italian: Cantone di San Gallo, Romansh: chantun Son Gagl), is a canton of Switzerland. The capital is St. Gallen.\nLocated in northeastern Switzerland, the canton has an area of 2,026 km2 (782 sq mi) (5% of Switzerland) and a resident population close to half a million as of 2015 (6% of Switzerland). It was formed in 1803 as a conflation of the city of St. Gallen, the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and various former subject territories of the Old Swiss Confederacy.", "Q1497744": "Geeshie Wiley was an American country blues singer and guitar player who recorded six songs for Paramount Records, issued on three records in April 1930. According to the blues historian Don Kent, Wiley \"may well have been the rural South's greatest female blues singer and musician\". Little is known of her life, and there are no known photographs of her. She may have been born Lillie Mae Boone (November 14, 1908\u2013July 29, 1950), later Lillie Mae Scott.", "Q97758": "Gerd Langguth (18 May 1946 \u2013 12 May 2013) was a professor of political science at the University of Bonn and the author of biographies of Angela Merkel and Horst K\u00f6hler.", "Q1200105": "J Storm, Inc. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30fb\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30e0, Kabushikigaisha Jei Sut\u014dm) is a Japanese music and film company owned by Johnny & Associates. It was established on November 12, 2001, initially as a label for the Johnny's group, Arashi, after which it was named (Arashi, or \u5d50 in Japanese text translates to \"Storm\").Aside from producing and releasing CDs and DVDs, the company also produces films for Johnny's various talents. J Storm also has the same strict policies for portrait rights of its talents with its parent company. Among others, images of their talents are prohibited to appear in websites, though on 28 February 2011, the ban was lifted and loosened the regulations (it is still prohibited in news sites). The ban was lifted completely on 31 January 2018.The company's releases are currently being distributed by Avex Asia in Hong Kong and Taiwan, Sony Music in Japan, SM Entertainment in South Korea, GMM Grammy in Thailand, and recently, Universal Records in the Philippines.\n\n", "Q3142291": "Hugh McGregor Ross (31 August 1917 \u2013 1 September 2014) was an early pioneer in the history of British computing. He was employed by Ferranti from the mid-1960s, where he worked on the Pegasus thermionic valve computer. He was involved in the standardization of ASCII and ISO 646 and worked closely with Bob Bemer. ASCII was first known in Europe as the Bemer-Ross Code. He was also one of the four main designers of ISO 6937, with Peter Fenwick, Bernard Marti and Loek Zeckendorf. He was one of the principal architects of the Universal Character Set ISO/IEC 10646 when it was first conceived.\nHugh was an expert in the Gospel of Thomas and wrote several books about it. He was a Quaker, and also wrote about George Fox. His working papers on the teachings of Fox are held at Yorkshire Quaker Heritage Project.", "Q1443273": "Frank Otis Frost (April 15, 1936 or 1938 \u2013 October 12, 1999) was one of the foremost American Delta blues harmonica players of his generation.", "Q319137": "Sheldon Gary Adelson (pronounced ; born August 4, 1933) is an American business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and political donor. He is the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Las Vegas Sands Corporation, which owns the Marina Bay Sands in Singapore, and the parent company of Venetian Macao Limited, which operates The Venetian Resort Hotel Casino and the Sands Expo and Convention Center. He owns the Israeli daily newspaper Israel Hayom, Makor Rishon and the American daily newspaper Las Vegas Review-Journal. Adelson, a philanthropist and donor to a variety of causes, created the Adelson Foundation in 2007 at the behest of his wife, Miriam. He is a member of the Republican Party, and made the largest single donation to any U.S. presidential inauguration when he gave the Trump inaugural committee US$5 million.As of November 2019, Adelson was listed by Forbes as having a fortune of US$37.7 billion, making him the 24th-richest person in the world. He is a major contributor to Republican Party candidates. He was the largest donor, of any party, in both the 2012 and 2016 presidential campaigns. He sat out the Republican primary season during the 2016 presidential campaign but on September 23, he announced a $25 million donation to Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign, making him the largest donor to the Trump campaign and the largest donor in the presidential election (although this was less than the $100 million donation some had predicted).", "Q460863": "Inger Frimansson (born November 14, 1944 in Stockholm) is a popular Swedish novelist and crime writer. Having previously worked for 30 years as a journalist, her first novel The Double Bed (Dubbels\u00e4ngen) was published in 1984. Since then she has written around twenty-five books including poetry, short stories, and books for children. Her breakthrough was with Godnatt, min \u00e4lskade in 1998. Her crime novels are best described as psychological thrillers.", "Q44500": "Wei\u00dfenburg in Bayern (formerly also Wei\u00dfenburg im Nordgau) is a town in Middle Franconia, Germany. It is the capital of the district Wei\u00dfenburg-Gunzenhausen. In 2010 its population was 17,513.\nWei\u00dfenburg was a Free Imperial City for 500 years.", "Q370181": "William David Daniels (born March 31, 1927) is an American actor, known for his roles as Dr. Mark Craig in the NBC drama St. Elsewhere, for which he won two Emmy Awards, and as Mr. Feeny in the ABC sitcom Boy Meets World. He was president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1999 to 2001.\nHe is also associated with his performances as the father of Benjamin Braddock (Dustin Hoffman) in The Graduate (1967), as Howard in Two for the Road, as John Adams in the 1972 musical film 1776, as Carter Nash in Captain Nice, and as the voice of KITT in Knight Rider. In 2014, he returned to his role as Mr. Feeny in Girl Meets World, the sequel to Boy Meets World.", "Q90037": "Kurt Heinrich Debus (November 29, 1908 \u2013 October 10, 1983) was a German V-2 rocket scientist and ex-SS member for Nazi Germany who, after being brought to the United States under Operation Paperclip, in 1962 became the first director of NASA's Launch Operations Center (later the Kennedy Space Center).\nDebus directed the design, development, construction and operation of NASA's Saturn launch facilities at the north end of Cape Canaveral and adjacent Merritt Island in Florida. Under him, NASA conducted 150 launches of military missiles and space vehicles, including 13 Saturn V rockets, the booster for the Apollo manned moon landings.", "Q15029": "Hu Jintao (; Chinese: \u80e1\u9526\u6d9b; pinyin: H\u00fa J\u01d0nt\u0101o; Mandarin: [x\u01d4 t\u0255\u00ecn.t\u02b0\u00e1u]; born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese politician who was the paramount leader of China from 2002 to 2012. He held the offices of General Secretary of the Communist Party from 2002 to 2012, President of the People's Republic from 2003 to 2013 and Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 2004 to 2012. He was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, China's de facto top decision-making body, from 1992 to 2012.\nHu participated in the Communist Party for most of his career, notably as Party Committee Secretary for Guizhou province and the Tibet Autonomous Region and then later First Secretary of the Central Secretariat and Vice-President under former leader Jiang Zemin. Hu was the first leader of the Communist Party from a generation younger than those who participated in the civil war and the founding of the republic.\nDuring his term in office, Hu reintroduced state control in some sectors of the economy that were relaxed by the previous administration, and was conservative with political reforms. Along with his colleague Premier Wen Jiabao, Hu presided over nearly a decade of consistent economic growth and development that cemented China as a major world power. He sought to improve socio-economic equality domestically through the Scientific Outlook on Development, which aimed to build a \"Harmonious Socialist Society\" that was prosperous and free of social conflict. Under his leadership, the authorities also cracked down on social disturbances, ethnic minority protests, and dissident figures. In foreign policy, Hu advocated for \"China's peaceful development\", pursuing soft power in international relations and a corporate approach to diplomacy. Throughout Hu's tenure, China's influence in Africa, Latin America, and other developing regions increased.\nHu possessed a modest and reserved leadership style. His tenure was characterized by collective leadership and consensus-based rule. These traits made Hu a rather enigmatic figure in the public eye. His administration was known for its focus more on technocratic competence than persona. At the end of his tenure, Hu won praise for retiring voluntarily from all positions. He was succeeded by Xi Jinping.", "Q350251": "Adam Lavorgna (born March 1, 1981) is an American actor, known for his role on the television series Brooklyn Bridge, and in the films Milk Money, The Beautician and the Beast, and I'll Be Home for Christmas, and as Robbie Palmer on 7th Heaven.", "Q121410": "Aarau District is a district in the Swiss Canton of Aargau with administrative capital Aarau encompasses the agglomeration of Aarau south of the Juras.", "Q55419": "Klaus Kinski (born Klaus G\u00fcnter Karl Nakszynski; 18 October 1926 \u2013 23 November 1991) was a German actor. He appeared in more than 130 films, and was a leading role actor in the films of Werner Herzog, including Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972), Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979), Woyzeck (1979), Fitzcarraldo (1982), and Cobra Verde (1987). He also appeared in many Spaghetti Westerns, such as For a Few Dollars More (1965), A Bullet for the General (1966), The Great Silence (1968), And God Said to Cain (1970), Shoot the Living and Pray for the Dead (1971) and A Genius, Two Partners and a Dupe (1975).\nKinski was a controversial figure, and some of his tantrums on set were filmed in Herzog's documentary My Best Fiend. He is the father of Pola, Nastassja, and Nikolai Kinski, born of three different marriages. They have all become actors and have worked in Germany and the United States, in film and TV.", "Q457003": "Die Legende von Paul und Paula (English: The Legend of Paul and Paula) is a 1973 tragicomic East German film directed by Heiner Carow. A novel by Ulrich Plenzdorf named Die Legende vom Gl\u00fcck ohne Ende was based on this film.The film was extremely popular on release and drew 3,294,985 viewers (the GDR had a population at the time of around 17 million). However, due to the film's political overtones it was almost not released. East German leader Erich Honecker personally decided to allow it to be shown. Today it is one of the best-known East German films.", "Q96452": "Alfred Heinrich Ehrlich (5 October 1822, in Vienna \u2013 30 December 1899, in Berlin ) was a pianist, composer and writer on music. As a composer, he came forward with a Piano Concerto and Piano Variations on an Original Theme, being one of the first composers to collect Romanian folk melodies.", "Q289524": "\u00c9tienne Chicot (5 May 1949 \u2013 7 August 2018) was a French actor and composer.\n\n", "Q6172": "\u00c4ht\u00e4ri (Swedish: Etseri) is a town and municipality of Finland.\nIt is located in the Southern Ostrobothnia region. The town has a population of 5,707 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 910.87 square kilometres (351.69 sq mi) of which 105 km2 (41 sq mi) is water. The population density is 7.09 inhabitants per square kilometre (18.4/sq mi).\nThe municipality is unilingual Finnish.\n\u00c4ht\u00e4ri is known for its zoo and hotel Mesik\u00e4mmen designed by Timo and Tuomo Suomalainen which is partly built within bedrock. The biggest lake in the area is \u00c4ht\u00e4rinj\u00e4rvi. There is also a relatively old and small board mill called V\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4kosken Pahvi in \u00c4ht\u00e4ri.\nThe largest private sector employers are Inhan Tehtaat, Silver-Veneet, Tankki, and Muovilami.", "Q184906": "N\u00e2z\u0131m Hikmet Ran (15 January 1902 \u2013 3 June 1963), commonly known as N\u00e2z\u0131m Hikmet (Turkish: [na\u02d0\u02c8z\u026fm hic\u02c8met] (listen)) was a Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, director and memoirist. He was acclaimed for the \"lyrical flow of his statements\". Described as a \"romantic communist\" and \"romantic revolutionary\", he was repeatedly arrested for his political beliefs and spent much of his adult life in prison or in exile. His poetry has been translated into more than fifty languages.", "Q505989": "The Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (Polish: Bezpartyjny Blok Wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy z Rz\u0105dem, pronounced [b\u025bspar\u02c8t\u0268jn\u0268 \u02c8bl\u0254k fspuw\u02c8prats\u0268 z \u02c8\u0290ond\u025bm]; abbreviated BBWR) was a \"non-political\" organization in the interwar Second Polish Republic, in 1928\u201335. It was closely affiliated with J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski and his Sanation movement. Its major activists included Walery S\u0142awek, Kazimierz Bartel, Kazimierz \u015awitalski, Aleksander Prystor, J\u00f3zef Beck, Janusz J\u0119drzejewicz, Wac\u0142aw J\u0119drzejewicz, Adam Koc, Leon Koz\u0142owski, Ignacy Matuszewski, Bogus\u0142aw Miedzi\u0144ski, Bronis\u0142aw Pieracki, Adam Skwarczy\u0144ski, and Janusz Franciszek Radziwi\u0142\u0142.\nIn 1993 Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa, then President of Poland, founded a Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms, in Polish Bezpartyjny Blok Wspierania Reform, likewise abbreviated \"BBWR,\" which was meant to revive some of the traditions of the prewar \"BBWR\" and to form a parliamentary grouping explicitly supportive of President Wa\u0142\u0119sa. In the 1993 elections the new \"BBWR\" achieved limited success, capturing 5.41% of the vote.", "Q80230": "Sir Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury, 7th Earl of Waterford, 13th Baron Talbot, KG (20 November 1552 \u2013 8 May 1616) was a peer in the peerage of England. He also held the subsidiary titles of 16th Baron Strange of Blackmere and 12th Baron Furnivall.", "Q545375": "William Robertson Davies, (28 August 1913 \u2013 2 December 1995) was a Canadian novelist, playwright, critic, journalist, and professor. He was one of Canada's best known and most popular authors and one of its most distinguished \"men of letters\", an unfashionable term Davies gladly accepted for himself. Davies was the founding Master of Massey College, a graduate residential college associated with the University of Toronto.", "Q86899": "Heinrich Cla\u00df (February 29, 1868 \u2013 April 16, 1953) was a German right-wing politician, a Pan-Germanist, an anti-Semite and a \"rabid racialist\". He presided the Pan-German League from 1908 to 1939.", "Q358619": "Charles Edward \"Cow Cow\" Davenport (April 23, 1894 \u2013 December 3, 1955) was an American boogie-woogie and piano blues player as well as a vaudeville entertainer. He also played the organ and sang.\nDavenport, who also made recordings under the pseudonyms of Bat The Humming Bird, George Hamilton and The Georgia Grinder, is a member of the Alabama Music Hall of Fame.", "Q205278": "Dominic Haakon Myrtved Purcell (born 17 February 1970) is an Australian actor. He is best known for his portrayals of Lincoln Burrows in Fox's Prison Break (2005\u20132009; 2017) and Mick Rory / Heat Wave in The CW's The Flash (2014\u20132016) and Legends of Tomorrow (2016\u2013present), as well as Drake in Blade: Trinity (2004).", "Q53068": "Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi (, also US: , Italian: [\u02c8klaudjo monte\u02c8verdi] (listen); baptized 15 May 1567 \u2013 29 November 1643) was an Italian composer, string player, choirmaster, and priest. A composer of both secular and sacred music, and a pioneer in the development of opera, he is considered a crucial transitional figure between the Renaissance and the Baroque periods of music history.\nBorn in Cremona, where he undertook his first musical studies and compositions, Monteverdi developed his career first at the court of Mantua (c.\u20091590\u20131613) and then until his death in the Republic of Venice where he was maestro di cappella at the basilica of San Marco. His surviving letters give insight into the life of a professional musician in Italy of the period, including problems of income, patronage and politics.\nMuch of Monteverdi's output, including many stage works, has been lost. His surviving music includes nine books of madrigals, large-scale sacred works such as his Vespro della Beata Vergine (Vespers) of 1610, and three complete operas. His opera L'Orfeo (1607) is the earliest of the genre still widely performed; towards the end of his life he wrote works for Venice, including Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria and L'incoronazione di Poppea.\nWhile he worked extensively in the tradition of earlier Renaissance polyphony, as evidenced in his madrigals, he undertook great developments in form and melody, and began to employ the basso continuo technique, distinctive of the Baroque. No stranger to controversy, he defended his sometimes novel techniques as elements of a seconda pratica, contrasting with the more orthodox earlier style which he termed the prima pratica. Largely forgotten during the eighteenth and much of the nineteenth centuries, his works enjoyed a rediscovery around the beginning of the twentieth century. He is now established both as a significant influence in European musical history and as a composer whose works are regularly performed and recorded.\n\n", "Q75911": "Josias, Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (German: Josias Georg Wilhelm Adolf Erbprinz zu Waldeck und Pyrmont) (13 May 1896 \u2013 30 November 1967) was the heir apparent to the throne of the Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont and a general in the SS. From 1946 until his death, he was the head of the Princely House of Waldeck and Pyrmont. After World War II, he was sentenced to life in prison at the Buchenwald Trial (later commuted to 20 years) for his part in the \"common plan\" to violate the Laws and Usages of War in connection with prisoners of war held at Buchenwald concentration camp, but was released after serving about three years in prison.", "Q16534": "The Camogh\u00e8 is a mountain of the Lugano Prealps, located east of Camorino in the canton of Ticino.", "Q227967": "Pope Paschal II (Latin: Paschalis II; 1050 x 1055 \u2013 21 January 1118), born Ranierius, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was created the cardinal-priest of San Clemente by Pope Gregory VII (1073\u201385) in 1073. He was consecrated as pope in succession to Pope Urban II (1088\u201399) on 19 August 1099. His reign of almost twenty years was exceptionally long for a medieval pope.", "Q83739": "The Ladykillers is a 2004 American black comedy film directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. The Coens' screenplay was based on the 1955 British Ealing comedy film of the same name, written by William Rose. The Coens produced the remake, together with Tom Jacobson, Barry Sonnenfeld, and Barry Josephson. It stars Tom Hanks, Irma P. Hall, Marlon Wayans, J. K. Simmons, Tzi Ma and Ryan Hurst, and marks the first time that the Coens have worked with Tom Hanks and the first remake by the Coens. This was the first film in which Joel and Ethan Coen share both producing and directing credits; previously Joel had always been credited as director and Ethan as producer.\nThe Ladykillers received mixed reviews upon release, and several critics consider it one of the Coen brothers' weaker efforts, negatively comparing it to the English classic.", "Q3611492": "Alfredo Rizzo (2 January 1902 - 6 September 1991) was an Italian actor, screenwriter and director.\n\n", "Q1286406": "Kevin Grevioux (; born September 9, 1962) is an American actor, screenwriter, and comic book writer. He is best known for his role as Raze in the Underworld film series, which he co-created, as well as his voicework in Young Justice as the villain Black Beetle.", "Q59223": "Zhongshan ([\u0288\u0282\u028a\u0301\u014b \u0282\u00e1n]; Chinese: \u4e2d\u5c71) is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, China, with a population of over 3 million (2012). The city-core subdistricts used to be called Shiqi or Shekki (Chinese: \u77f3\u5c90; pinyin: Sh\u00ed q\u00ed).\nZhongshan is one of a very few cities in China named after a person. It is named after Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866\u20131925), who is known in Mandarin as Sun Zhongshan. Sun, the founding father of the Republic of China who is also regarded positively by the People's Republic, was born in Cuiheng village in Nanlang Township of what was then Xiangshan County. In 1925, the year after his death, Xiangshan was renamed Zhongshan in his honor.", "Q826501": "Pierre Wigny (18 April 1905 in Li\u00e8ge \u2013 21 September 1986 in Brussels) was a Belgian politician of the Christian Social Party (French: Parti Social Chr\u00e9tien, PSC).\nHe was a lawyer and a member of the Chamber of Representatives from 1949 to 1971. He was also a member of the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community from its establishment in 1952 to 1958, and was the second President of the Christian Democratic group, the predecessor of the European People's Party Group, in 1958.\nHe served as Minister of the Colonies from 1947 to 1950, as Foreign Minister from 1958 to 1961, as Minister of Justice from 1965 to 1966 and as Minister of Culture in the Government of the French Community from 1966 to 1968.He received the Robert Schuman Medal in 1986.", "Q70869": "Werner Lindemann (1926\u20131993) was a German writer and poet. Werner is also recognized as the father of Till Lindemann, the lead vocalist in the popular German industrial metal band Rammstein.", "Q314407": "Europe 1, formerly known as Europe n\u00b0 1, is a privately owned radio station created in 1955. Owned and operated by Lagard\u00e8re Active, a subsidiary of the Lagard\u00e8re Group, it is one of the leading radio broadcasting stations in France and its programmes can be received throughout the country.", "Q1513322": "Theodore Michael Shapiro (born September 29, 1971) is an American composer best known for his film scores.", "Q352452": "Robert Conrad \"Robb\" Flynn (born Lawrence Matthew Cardine; July 19, 1967) is the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist for the heavy metal band Machine Head. Flynn formed the band along with Adam Duce, Logan Mader and Tony Costanza after leaving Bay Area thrash band Vio-Lence.", "Q135465": "Rashomon (\u7f85\u751f\u9580, Rash\u014dmon) is a 1950 Jidaigeki psychological thriller/crime film directed by Akira Kurosawa, working in close collaboration with cinematographer Kazuo Miyagawa. It stars Toshiro Mifune, Machiko Ky\u014d, Masayuki Mori, and Takashi Shimura. Although the film borrows the title from Ry\u016bnosuke Akutagawa's short story \"Rash\u014dmon\", it is based on Akutagawa's short story of 1922 \"In a Grove\" (itself based on Ambrose Bierce's story \"The Moonlit Road\"), which provides the characters and plot. The story takes place in the 8th century at Rashomon, the South gate to Heian Kyo (modern Kyoto).The film is known for a plot device that involves various characters providing subjective, alternative, self-serving, and contradictory versions of the same incident. Rashomon marked the entrance of Japanese film onto the world stage; it won several awards, including the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival in 1951, and an Academy Honorary Award at the 24th Academy Awards in 1952, and is considered one of the greatest films ever made. The Rashomon effect is named after the film.", "Q728109": "Iced Earth is an American heavy metal band from Tampa, Florida. It was formed in 1984 under the name the Rose, then Purgatory by guitarist and main songwriter Jon Schaffer and original drummer Greg Seymour. Iced Earth released their debut album in 1990 and have since released thirteen studio albums, four EPs, three compilations, three box sets, three live albums and eleven music videos.\nAfter releasing the demo EP Enter the Realm (1989) and signing to Century Media Records, the band released two full-length studio albums \u2013 Iced Earth (1990) and Night of the Stormrider (1991) \u2013 before taking a two-year hiatus from 1992 to 1994, after which the band returned with new lead vocalist Matt Barlow. Iced Earth went on to release four studio albums with him in over half a decade: Burnt Offerings (1995), The Dark Saga (1996), Something Wicked This Way Comes (1998) and Horror Show (2001).\nAfter Horror Show, Barlow quit the band and joined the police force, while Iced Earth continued on with Tim \"Ripper\" Owens, formerly of Judas Priest, on vocals. With Owens, the band released two studio albums (2004's The Glorious Burden and 2007's Framing Armageddon). In late 2007, Barlow rejoined the band, and they recorded one more album with him: The Crucible of Man (2008). In 2011, Barlow once again left Iced Earth, and was replaced by Into Eternity frontman Stu Block. Dystopia, Block's first album with the group, was released that October; the album received a positive response, while some critics called it one of Iced Earth's best albums. The group has since recorded two more albums with Block: Plagues of Babylon (2014) and Incorruptible (2017).\nBefore arriving at their current lineup, Iced Earth has had numerous line-up changes, with founder Jon Schaffer as the only founding member remaining. As of 2013, there have been over twenty musicians in and out of Iced Earth since its formation in 1984 (see: List of Iced Earth band members for more details). Currently, the band is composed of rhythm guitarist Jon Schaffer, lead singer Stu Block, bassist Luke Appleton, drummer Brent Smedley, and lead guitarist Jake Dreyer.", "Q92634": "Niklas Zennstr\u00f6m (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8n\u026a\u030ck\u02d0las \u02c8s\u025b\u0302n\u02d0str\u0153m] (listen); born 16 February 1966) is a Swedish billionaire entrepreneur known for founding several high-profile online ventures with Janus Friis including Skype and Kazaa. He also founded the technology investment firm Atomico and has become a significant figurehead for entrepreneurs in the tech sector. Zennstr\u00f6m is also the co-founder of the charity organization Zennstr\u00f6m Philanthropies.", "Q104860": "Gerd Briese (25 December 1897 \u2013 August 1957) was a German stage and film actor.\nBriese's film career in 1924, and he late worked as a stage actor and director. He was killed in a traffic accident in Berlin in 1957, aged 59.", "Q49756": "The Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany (German: Demokratische Bauernpartei Deutschlands, DBD) was an East German political party. The DBD was founded in 1948. It had 52 representatives in the Volkskammer, as part of the National Front. The DBD participated in all GDR cabinets (with exception of the last GDR cabinet). The founding of the DBD was an attempt by the SED to weaken the influence of CDU/LDPD in the rural community by establishing a party loyal to the SED. The leadership cadre came mainly from the ranks of the SED. In the late 1980s, the party had 117,000 members.After the fall of Berlin Wall, the party initially tried to find itself a niche as ecological agrarian party, but the first free Volkskammer election (1990) netted it only nine seats. In 1990 the DBD merged with the Christian Democratic Union.", "Q945930": "Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a degenerative disease involving the gradual deterioration and death of specific volumes of the brain. The condition leads to symptoms including loss of balance, slowing of movement, difficulty moving the eyes, and dementia. PSP may be mistaken for other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. The cause of the condition is uncertain, but involves accumulation of tau protein within the brain. Medications such as levodopa and amantadine may be useful in some cases.PSP affects about six people per 100,000. The first symptoms typically occur in persons aged 60\u201370 years. Males are slightly more likely to be affected than females. No association has been found between PSP and any particular race, location, or occupation.", "Q92152": "Cornelia Neuhaus (born 20 June 1967 in M\u00fcnster as Cornelia L\u00f6wenberg) is a German writer.\nShe is best known for her crime thrillers set in the Taunus near Frankfurt.She has also published romantic novels under her maiden name L\u00f6wenberg, as well as horse stories for teenagers.", "Q686386": "Stolberg is a town (sometimes itself called 'Harz' in historical references) and a former municipality in the district of Mansfeld-S\u00fcdharz, in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated in the southern part of the Harz mountains, about 27 kilometres (17 mi) west of Sangerhausen, and 13 km (8.1 mi) northeast of Nordhausen. Since 1 September 2010, it has been part of the municipality of S\u00fcdharz.", "Q2064619": "Maksharip Magometovich Aushev (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0448\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043f \u041c\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432; 16 February 1966 \u2013 25 October 2009) was an Ingush businessman and opposition leader in the Republic of Ingushetia, a federal subject of the Russian Federation. Aushev had taken over the opposition website, Ingushetia.org, after its owner, Magomed Yevloyev, a vocal critic of the Ingush government, was shot and killed while in police custody.", "Q304172": "Christopher Paul Farrelly (born 2 March 1962) is a British Labour Party politician, corporate banker and financial journalist, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Newcastle-under-Lyme from 2001 to 2019.", "Q68940": "Morrens is a municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q550778": "John de Lancie is an American actor, director, producer, writer, and voice artist, best known for his role as Q in Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987\u20131994), and the voice of Discord in My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (2010\u20132019).\nHe has been featured in several recurring roles on television series, including Frank Simmons in Stargate SG-1 (1997\u20132007) and Donald Margolis in Breaking Bad (2009\u20132010).", "Q26391": "Knight Moves is a 1992 American thriller film, directed by Carl Schenkel and written by Brad Mirman, about a chess grandmaster who is accused of several grisly murders.", "Q2233935": "Emilie Bene\u0161 Brzezinski (born Emilie Anna Bene\u0161; 1932) is an American sculptor and the widow of Zbigniew Brzezinski.", "Q972144": "Nicolas de Bonneville, born 13 March 1760 at \u00c9vreux in Upper Normandy, died on 9 November 1828 in Paris; he was a French bookseller, printer, journalist, and writer. He was also a political figure of some relevance at the time of the French Revolution and into the early years of the next century.\n\n", "Q165534": "Carlo Osvaldo Goldoni (, also US: , Italian: [\u02c8karlo o\u02c8zvaldo \u0261ol\u02c8do\u02d0ni]; 25 February 1707 \u2013 6 February 1793) was an Italian playwright and librettist from the Republic of Venice. His works include some of Italy's most famous and best-loved plays. Audiences have admired the plays of Goldoni for their ingenious mix of wit and honesty. His plays offered his contemporaries images of themselves, often dramatizing the lives, values, and conflicts of the emerging middle classes. Though he wrote in French and Italian, his plays make rich use of the Venetian language, regional vernacular, and colloquialisms. Goldoni also wrote under the pen name and title Polisseno Fegeio, Pastor Arcade, which he claimed in his memoirs the \"Arcadians of Rome\" bestowed on him.", "Q2979750": "Archie Alphonso Alexander (May 14, 1888 \u2013 January 4, 1958) was an American mathematician and engineer. He was an early African-American graduate of the University of Iowa and the first to graduate from the University of Iowa's College of Engineering. He was also a governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands.\nAlexander was born in Ottumwa, Iowa, the son of Price and Mary Alexander. When the family moved to a farm outside Des Moines, Price became head custodian at the Des Moines National Bank. Attending Oak Park Grammar School, Oak Park High School and Highland Park College for one year, Archie began his engineering education at the State University of Iowa (The University of Iowa). When three colleges merged Highland Park College became part of Des Moines College. \"Although he initially went to Des Moines College and attempted to join the white-only American football team there, he was declined. As a result, he played tackle from 1910 to 1912 [at Iowa] and was nicknamed 'Alexander the Great'.\" During the summer Alexander worked as a draftsman for Marsh Engineers, a Des Moines bridge-designing firm and in 1912, he received a bachelor of science degree, becoming the University of Iowa's first black football player and engineer.After graduation, Alexander worked as a foreman for a bridge-building company before going into business for himself in 1917. Continuing his education at the University of London, Alexander studied bridge design in and obtained a degree in civil engineering in 1925 from the State University of Iowa.\nIn 1929, he formed Alexander & Repass, where he would work until his death. They were responsible for the construction of many roads and bridges, including the Whitehurst Freeway, the Tidal Basin Bridge, and an extension to the Baltimore\u2013Washington Parkway. With his business partner, George Higbee, Alexander designed the Tuskegee Airfield and the Iowa State University heating and cooling system.\nIn 1934, Alexander was appointed as one of a 12-member commission to investigate the social and economic conditions in Haiti. In 1946, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Engineering by Howard University.\nIn 1954, Alexander was appointed Governor of the United States Virgin Islands by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He was the first Republican governor there since the establishment of the civil government. His tenure at the post was short and controversial. In 1955, he was highly criticized for favoring old business partners in contracts for road building on St. Thomas. The United States House of Representatives launched a probe and he subsequently resigned on August 18, 1955, ostensibly for health reasons. He died in 1958 in Des Moines, Iowa. Alexander was also a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity.\nThe Archie Alphonso Alexander Papers are held at the University of Iowa Special Collections & University Archives.", "Q68798": "Ignaz Heinrich Karl von Wessenberg (4 November 1774 \u2013 9 August 1860) was a German writer and scholar, and liberal Catholic churchman as well as Vicar general and administrator of the Diocese of Constance. Imbued from his early youth with Josephinistic and Febronian principles, he advocated a German National Church, somewhat loosely connected with Rome, supported by the State and protected by it against papal interference. He encouraged the use of the vernacular in liturgical texts, the hymn book and the regular Sunday sermon.", "Q90745": "Gert Haucke (1929\u20132008) was a German film and television actor.", "Q151691": "Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht (22 January 1877 \u2013 3 June 1970) was a German economist, banker, centre-right politician, and co-founder in 1918 of the German Democratic Party. He served as the Currency Commissioner and President of the Reichsbank under the Weimar Republic. He was a fierce critic of his country's post-World War I reparation obligations.\nHe served in Adolf Hitler's government as President of the National Bank (Reichsbank) 1933\u20131939 and became Minister of Economics (August 1934 \u2013 November 1937). \nWhile Schacht was for a time feted for his role in the German \"economic miracle\", he opposed Hitler's policy of German re-armament insofar as it violated the Treaty of Versailles and (in his view) disrupted the German economy. His views in this regard led Schacht to clash with Hitler and most notably with Hermann G\u00f6ring. He was dismissed as President of the Reichsbank in January 1939. He remained as a minister without portfolio, and received the same salary, until he was fully dismissed from the government in January 1943.In 1944 Schacht was arrested by the Gestapo after the assassination attempt on Hitler on 20 July 1944, because he allegedly had had contact with the assassins. Subsequently, he was interned until the end of the Third Reich in the concentration camps Ravensbr\u00fcck and later at Flossenb\u00fcrg. In the last days of the war, he was one of the 134 special and clan prisoners who were transported by the SS from Dachau into the \"Alpine Fortress\" to Niederdorf in South Tyrol, where they were freed on 30 April 1945.Despite this, he was tried at Nuremberg, but was fully acquitted.\nIn 1955, he founded a private banking house in D\u00fcsseldorf. He also advised developing countries on economic development.", "Q87239": "Klaus Bednarz (6 June 1942 \u2013 14 April 2015) was a German journalist and writer.", "Q1173147": "Dave Carpenter (November 4, 1959 \u2013 June 24, 2008) was an American bass player.\n\n", "Q98319": "Stefan Arndt (born 1961) is a German film producer and managing partner of X-Filme Creative Pool, which he started with fellow friends Tom Tykwer, Wolfgang Becker and Dani Levy. X-Filme is one of Germany's most prosperous and famous production companies. Arndt produces many X Filme productions and acts as head manager of the company. He produced the films Cloud Atlas, Alone in Berlin and Frantz.", "Q311219": "Sammo Hung (born 7 January 1952), also known as Hung Kam-bo (\u6d2a\u91d1\u5bf6), is a Hong Kong actor, martial artist, film producer and director, known for his work in many martial arts films and Hong Kong action cinema. He has been a fight choreographer for other actors such as Jackie Chan.\nHung is one of the pivotal figures who spearheaded the Hong Kong New Wave movement of the 1980s, helped reinvent the martial arts genre and started the vampire-like jiangshi genre. He is widely credited with assisting many of his compatriots, giving them their starts in the Hong Kong film industry, by casting them in the films he produced, or giving them roles in the production crew.\nJackie Chan is often addressed as \"Da Goh\" (Chinese: \u5927\u54e5; pinyin: d\u00e0 g\u0113), meaning Big Brother. Hung was also known as \"Da Goh\", until the filming of Project A, which featured both actors. As Hung was the eldest of the kung fu \"brothers\", and the first to make a mark on the industry, he was given the nickname \"Da Goh Da\" (Chinese: \u5927\u54e5\u5927; pinyin: d\u00e0 g\u0113 d\u00e0; Jyutping: daai6 go1 daai6), meaning, Big, Big Brother, or Biggest Big Brother.", "Q127707": "Robert Eugene Bush (October 4, 1926 \u2013 November 8, 2005), at age 18, was the youngest member of the United States Navy in World War II to receive the nation's highest military decoration for valor, the Medal of Honor. He was awarded the medal for heroic actions \"above and beyond the call of duty\" while serving as hospital corpsman attached to a Marine Corps rifle company on May 2, 1945, during the Battle of Okinawa.\n\n", "Q273488": "Hanne Krogh Sundb\u00f8 (born 24 January 1956) is a Norwegian singer and actress from Haugesund and Oslo. She is well known for winning the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 with Elisabeth Andreassen in the group Bobbysocks.", "Q2829615": "Alain Bravo (born 1945) is a French electrical engineer and entrepreneur. His accomplishments include founding one of France's leading mobile phone services, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de radiot\u00e9l\u00e9phonie (SFR), and he is currently the president of Abhexis and the managing director of Sup\u00e9lec, one of France's top five engineering schools.", "Q42603": "A priest or priestess is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities. Their office or position is the priesthood, a term which also may apply to such persons collectively.", "Q96334": "Ulrike Draesner (born 1962 in Munich) is a German author. \nShe was awarded the 2016 Nicolas Born Prize.", "Q4080163": "Bashkir State Agrarian University, BSAU (Russian: \u0411\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442), \u2013 one of the oldest agricultural higher education institutions of Russia and a centre of education and research in the Bashkortostan Republic.", "Q3174051": "Jean Plichon (14 June 1863 \u2013 22 September 1936) was a French industrialist and politician.\nHe trained as a mining engineer.\nWhen his father died in 1888 he inherited the presidency of the Bethune mining company and also replaced his father as deputy for the Nord department.\nHe remained head of the Bethune mining company and a member of the legislature or senate for most of the remainder of his life.\nHe advocated protectionist policies throughout his career.", "Q63815": "Kurt Blome (31 January 1894, Bielefeld, Westphalia \u2013 10 October 1969) was a high-ranking Nazi scientist before and during World War II. He was the Deputy Reich Health Leader (Reichsgesundheitsf\u00fchrer) and Plenipotentiary for Cancer Research in the Reich Research Council. In his autobiography Arzt im Kampf (A Physician's Struggle), he equated medical and military power in their battle for life and death.\nBlome was tried at the Doctors' Trial in 1947 on charges of practicing euthanasia and conducting experiments on humans. He only admitted that he had been ordered in 1943 to experiment with plague vaccines on concentration camp prisoners. In reality, starting in 1943 he \"assumed responsibility for all research into biological warfare sponsored by the Wehrmacht\" and the S.S. Although he was acquitted of war crimes charges at the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial, this was mainly due to the intervention of the United States as his earlier admissions were well known. It was generally accepted that he had indeed participated in chemical and biological warfare experiments on concentration camp inmates.", "Q168010": "City of Angels is a 1998 American romantic fantasy film directed by Brad Silberling and starring Nicolas Cage and Meg Ryan. Set in Los Angeles, California, the film is a loose remake of Wim Wenders' 1987 film Wings of Desire (Der Himmel \u00fcber Berlin), which was set in Berlin. As with the original, City of Angels tells the story of an angel (Cage) who falls in love with a mortal woman (Ryan), and wishes to become human in order to be with her. With the guidance of a man (Dennis Franz) who has already made the transition from immortality, the angel falls and discovers the human experience.\nWhen producer Dawn Steel saw potential to pursue more story ideas in Wenders' original concept, she and her husband Charles Roven acquired the rights for an English-language adaptation. After years of delay, they found support from Warner Bros. and recruited Silberling and screenwriter Dana Stevens to execute the project. Themes were borrowed from Wenders' work, though the ending was altered, to a more tragic effect. City of Angels was filmed around California and dedicated to Steel, who died before the premiere. \nThe remake was released to financial success, but mixed reviews, with some critics judging it to be a mawkish adaptation. It was also noted for its soundtrack, and nominated for several awards, particularly for its performances and soundtrack.", "Q366091": "Robert Hans van Gulik (Chinese: \u9ad9\u7f85\u4f69; pinyin: G\u0101o Lu\u00f3p\u00e8i, August 9, 1910 \u2013 September 24, 1967) was an orientalist, diplomat, musician (of the guqin), and writer, best known for the Judge Dee historical mysteries, the protagonist of which he borrowed from the 18th-century Chinese detective novel Dee Goong An.", "Q940690": "The University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City (UMKC) is a public research university in Kansas City, Missouri. UMKC is one of four campuses that collectively constitute the University of Missouri System, and one of only two with a medical school. As of 2015, the university's enrollment exceeded 16,000 students. It is the largest university and third largest college in the Kansas City metropolitan area.\n\n", "Q87549": "Evelyn Regner (born 24 January 1966) is an Austrian politician and Member of the European Parliament from Austria. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria, part of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats.", "Q98469": "Rosalie Thomass (born 14 August 1987 in Munich) is a German actress. She has appeared in several television shows and films.\n\n", "Q80226": "Abbas Mirza (Persian: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0632\u0627\u200e; August 20, 1789 \u2013 October 25, 1833) was a Qajar crown prince of Persia. He developed a reputation as a military commander during the Russo-Persian War of 1804-1813 and the Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828, as well as through the Ottoman-Persian War of 1821-1823. He is furthermore noted as an early modernizer of Persia's armed forces and institutions, and for his death before his father, Fath Ali Shah. Abbas was an intelligent prince, possessed some literary taste, and is noteworthy on account of the comparative simplicity of his life.Nevertheless, with Abbas Mirza as the military commander of the Persian forces, Iran lost all of its territories in the Caucasus comprising Transcaucasia and parts of the North Caucasus (Dagestan) to Russia in conformity with the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan and the 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay, following the outcomes of the 1804\u20131813 and 1826\u20131828 wars.", "Q3520187": "Ness Nusli Wadia (born 30 May 1971) is an Indian businessman. Part of the Wadia family, where his parents and several family members are all involved in business\u2014he is also the great grandson of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah\u2014thus making him a direct descendant of Jinnah. Wadia is the Managing Director of Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation, a company which has holdings in most of the Wadia Group subsidiaries, including an indirect majority stake in Britannia Industries. He was the Joint Managing Director of Bombay Dyeing, the flagship company of the Wadia Group, till March 2011 when he stepped down from the post. Wadia is a co-owner of the Indian Premier League cricket team Kings XI Punjab.", "Q366939": "Sean Harland Murray (born November 15, 1977) is an American actor known for his role as Special Agent Timothy McGee on the American TV drama NCIS.\nHe also played Thackery Binx in Disney's Halloween classic film Hocus Pocus and Danny Walden in the military drama series JAG.", "Q290063": "Haley Michelle Ramm (born March 26, 1992) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Jen Long in the police procedural series Without a Trace (2007\u20132008), Brenna Carver in the ABC Family drama Chasing Life (2014\u20132015), and Violet Simmons in the supernatural thriller web series Light as a Feather (2018\u2013present).", "Q459038": "Giovanna Marini (born Giovanna Salviucci; 19 January 1937) is an Italian singer-songwriter and researcher of ethnomusicology.", "Q368914": "Louis Edmond Durey (French: [dy\u0281\u025b]; 27 May 1888 \u2013 3 July 1979) was a French composer.", "Q483522": "Villach (German pronunciation: [\u02c8f\u026alax] (listen); Slovene: Beljak, Italian: Villaco, Friulian: Vilac) is the seventh-largest city in Austria and the second-largest in the federal state of Carinthia. It represents an important traffic junction for southern Austria and the whole Alpe-Adria region. As of January 2018, the population is 61,887.Together with other Alpine towns Villach engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. \nIn 1997, Villach was the first town to be awarded Alpine Town of the Year.", "Q458326": "Impetigo was an Illinois-based grindcore and death metal band. They were among the first bands to use clips from films and other media as intros for their songs.", "Q562904": "Carl Mydans (May 20, 1907 \u2013 August 16, 2004) was an American photographer who worked for the Farm Security Administration and Life magazine.", "Q428819": "Robert Michael Cannavale (; born May 3, 1970) is an American character actor known for various stage, television, and film roles, including regular or recurring roles in Third Watch, Boardwalk Empire, Vinyl, Will & Grace, Mr. Robot, and Master of None.\nCannavale had a recurring role on the NBC comedy series Will & Grace as Will Truman's long-term boyfriend Officer Vincent \"Vince\" D'Angelo, for which he won the 2005 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series. He also portrayed Gyp Rosetti during the third season of the HBO drama series Boardwalk Empire, for which he won the 2013 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. In 2016, he starred in the HBO drama series Vinyl, produced by Martin Scorsese and Mick Jagger. In 2017, he joined the cast of the USA Network drama series Mr. Robot during its third season. The following year, Cannavale portrayed Colin Belfast in the Prime Video psychological thriller series Homecoming (2018-present). \nFor his roles in Mauritius and The Motherf**ker with the Hat, Cannavale was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play and the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play, respectively. He has appeared in The Station Agent (2003), Woody Allen's Blue Jasmine (2013), Paul Feig's Spy (2015), Ant-Man (2015), Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017), I, Tonya (2017), and Martin Scorsese's The Irishman (2019).", "Q377834": "Szentes is a town in Southern Hungary it\u2019s also in Csongr\u00e1d county\u2019s northern part. It's near to river Tisza. The town is a cultural and educational center of the region.Szentes is a city in south-eastern Hungary, Csongr\u00e1d county.", "Q86657": "Karin Gastinger (born 11 March 1964) is an Austrian politician. She was Federal Minister of Justice in the coalition government led by Wolfgang Sch\u00fcssel which served from June 2004 to January 2007.\nShe was born Karin Miklautsch in Graz, Styria, and, after graduating from law school, became a lawyer with the Carinthian government, where she was appointed head of the Department of Water Law in 1999.\nIn the autumn of 2004, still unknown to most Austrians, Gastinger was nominated by J\u00f6rg Haider, the governor of Carinthia, and his Freedom Party of Austria (FP\u00d6), as successor to Dieter B\u00f6hmdorfer, the Minister of Justice who had just stepped down. Gastinger had never been a member of the Freedom Party, and she remained parteifrei on being sworn in as Federal Minister of Justice. During her term of office, Gastinger gained quite a lot of recognition as a competent politician despite her initial inexperience.\nWhen, in April 2005, Haider split from the FP\u00d6 and formed the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZ\u00d6), Gastinger eventually became a member of the newly formed party. During the election campaign leading up to the parliamentary elections to be held on 1 October 2006, she was Spitzenkandidatin (top of the list) of Styria for the BZ\u00d6. However, on 25 September, only six days before the election, she announced her defection from the BZ\u00d6.", "Q2580018": "Osaka Blazers Sakai is a men's professional volleyball team based in Sakai city, Osaka, Japan. It plays in the V.Premier League.\nThe club was founded in 1939 as part of the Kitakyushu, Fukuoka-based Yawata Steel athletic club which also included football club Yawata Steel F.C.. In 1969 the volleyball section split and moved to Sakai.", "Q92622": "James Arthur Gosling, often referred to as \"Dr. Java\", OC (born May 19, 1955) is a Canadian computer scientist, best known as the founder and lead designer behind the Java programming language.", "Q325814": "Matthew Winston is an American actor. He is the son of special effects artist Stan Winston.", "Q3140484": "Bedford School is not to be confused with Bedford Girls' School, Bedford High School, Bedford Modern School or Old Bedford School in Bedford, Texas\n\nBedford School is an HMC independent school for boys located in the county town of Bedford in England. Founded in 1552, it is the oldest of four independent schools in Bedford run by the Harpur Trust.\nBedford School is composed of the Preparatory School (ages 7 to 13) and the Upper School (ages 13 to 18). There are around 1,100 pupils, of whom approximately a third are boarders. In 2014, James Hodgson succeeded John Moule as Headmaster.\nIt has produced one Nobel Prize winner, recipients of the Victoria Cross, twenty-four rugby internationals, and the winners of seven Olympic gold medals.", "Q1969763": "Tom\u00e1s Ren\u00e9 Hirsch Goldschmidt (born 19 July 1956) is a leftist Chilean politician and businessman. He was the Together We Can Do More pact candidate for the 2005 Chilean presidential election, winning 5.4% of the vote.", "Q944386": "Wubbo Johannes Ockels (28 March 1946 \u2013 18 May 2014) was a Dutch physicist and an astronaut of the European Space Agency (ESA). In 1985 he participated in a flight on the Space Shuttle Challenger, STS-61-A, making him the first Dutch citizen in space. After his astronaut career, Ockels was professor of Aerospace for Sustainable Engineering and Technology at the Delft University of Technology.", "Q57218": "Alfred Willi Rudolf \"Rudi\" Dutschke (German: [\u02c8\u0281u\u02d0di \u02c8d\u028at\u0283k\u0259]; 7 March 1940 \u2013 24 December 1979) was a German Marxist sociologist and a political activist in the German student movement, and the APO of the 1960s.\nHe advocated a \"long march through the institutions of power\" to create radical change from within government and society by becoming an integral part of the machinery. This was an idea he took up from his interpretation of Antonio Gramsci and the Frankfurt School of Critical Theory; accordingly, the quote is often wrongfully attributed to Gramsci. In the 1970s he followed through on this idea by joining the nascent Green movement.\n\nHe survived an assassination attempt by Josef Bachmann in 1968, but died 11 years later from a seizure brought on from brain damage sustained during the assassination attempt. Radical students blamed an anti-student campaign in the papers of the Axel Springer publishing empire for the assassination attempt. This led to attempts to blockade the distribution of Springer newspapers all over Germany, which in turn led to major street battles in many German cities, considered the largest protests to that date in Germany.", "Q334919": "Benyamin Bahadori (Persian: \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u200e) is an Iranian pop singer, composer, songwriter and actor. from Tehran, Iran. His first album \"85\" released in 2006, was a massive commercial success within Iran and with the Iranian diaspora abroad. Also known as his stage name Benyamin. He is one of the most popular pop singers in Iran. Benyamin has released four studio albums and numerous singles so far. He also sang sound tracks for the Movies \"Gorgo Mish\" and \"A Few Cubic Meters of Love\" (\"Chand Metr Moka'ab Eshgh\"). In 2007, a BBC documentary called \"Rageh Inside Iran\" described him as a \"Big Star of Iran\" who had sold twenty million copies of his album at the beginning of his career. Although basically a pop singer, Benyamin often includes elements of hip hop (Biya Ashegham kon) and rap (Kojaye Donyai) into his music and some of the songs in his latest album \"94\" have English lyrics. Benyamin is also known as \"Aghae Eshgh\" or \"Mr. Love\" among his fans because his songs are mostly centered on romantic themes.\n\n", "Q48338": "Kayseri (Turkish pronunciation: [\u02c8kajse\u027ei]; Greek: \u039a\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1) is a large industrialised city in Central Anatolia, Turkey. It is the seat of Kayseri Province. The city of Kayseri, as defined by the boundaries of Kayseri Metropolitan Municipality, is structurally composed of five metropolitan districts, the two core districts of Kocasinan and Melikgazi, and since 2004, also Hac\u0131lar, \u0130ncesu and Talas.\nKayseri is located at the foot of the extinct volcano Mount Erciyes that towers 3,916 metres (12,848 feet) over the city. The city is often cited in the first ranks among Turkey's cities that fit the definition of Anatolian Tigers.The city retains a number of historical monuments, including several from the Seljuk period. While it is generally visited en route to the international tourist attractions of Cappadocia, Kayseri has many attractions in its own right: Seljuk and Ottoman era monuments in and around the city centre, Mount Erciyes as a trekking and alpinism centre, Zamant\u0131 River as a rafting centre, and the historic sites of K\u00fcltepe, A\u011f\u0131rnas, Talas and Develi. Kayseri is served by Erkilet International Airport and is home to Erciyes University.\nAccording to the Turkish Statistical Institute, as of 2011 the city of Kayseri had a population of 844,656; while Kayseri Province had a population of 1,234,651.", "Q729201": "Franz Peter (8 October 1896 \u2013 1968) was an Austrian flying ace credited with six aerial victories in World War I while flying for Austria-Hungary's Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops.\n\n", "Q145194": "Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus (probably born c. 540 BC, still living 463 BC) was consul at Rome in the year 500 BC with Manius Tullius Longus. The short form of his name is Camerinus, \nLivy reports that no important events occurred during this year, but Dionysius of Halicarnassus states that Camerinus detected and crushed a conspiracy to restore the Tarquins to power. His fellow-consul Tullius died during the year, leaving him as sole ruler.Camerinus was the first consul of the patrician family of the Sulpicii, which may have taken its name from the town of Cameria or Camerium in Latium. He was the father of Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, consul in 490 BC. He was also the first man to be clearly identified in ancient literature as a curio maximus, holding the office in 463 BC.\n\n", "Q508263": "Helen Nielsen (23 October 1918, Roseville, Illinois \u2013 22 June 2002, Prescott, Arizona) was an author of mysteries and television scripts for such television dramas as Perry Mason and Alfred Hitchcock Presents.She was born in Roseville, Illinois, and studied journalism, art and aeronautical drafting at various schools, including the Chicago Art Institute. Before her writing career, she worked as a draftsman during World War II and contributed to the designs of B-36, XB-47, and P-80 aircraft.Her stories were often set in Laguna Beach and Oceanside, California where she lived for 60 years.\nSome of her novels were reprinted by Black Lizard, including Detour and Sing Me a Murder.", "Q229784": "Virginia Gayle Madsen (born September 11, 1961) is an American actress and film producer. She made her film debut in Class (1983), which was filmed in her native Chicago. After moving to Los Angeles, director David Lynch cast her as Princess Irulan in the science fiction film Dune (1984). Madsen then starred in a series of successful teen movies, including Electric Dreams (1984), Modern Girls (1986), and Fire with Fire (1986).\nMadsen received further recognition for her starring role as Helen Lyle in the horror film Candyman (1992). She received critical acclaim for her performance as Maya in Alexander Payne's comedy-drama film Sideways (2004), for which she received numerous awards, including nominations for the Golden Globe Award and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other film appearances include Long Gone (1987), Gotham (1988), The Hot Spot (1990), Ghosts of Mississippi (1996), The Rainmaker (1997), The Haunting (1999), A Prairie Home Companion (2006), The Astronaut Farmer (2007), The Haunting in Connecticut (2009), Red Riding Hood (2011), All the Wilderness (2014), Joy (2015), Better Watch Out (2017), and Her Smell (2018).\nOn television, Madsen has appeared in the comedy-drama series Moonlighting (1989), the comedy series Frasier (1998), the period drama series American Dreams (2002\u20132003), the science fiction series The Event (2011), the supernatural drama series Witches of East End (2013\u20132014), the political thriller series Designated Survivor (2016\u20132017), and the DC Universe superhero horror series Swamp Thing (2019).", "Q154927": "Haakon VII (Norwegian pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u00f2\u02d0k\u0254n]; born Prince Carl of Denmark; 3 August 1872 \u2013 21 September 1957) was the King of Norway from 1905 until his death in 1957. \nOriginally a Danish prince, he was born in Copenhagen as the son of the future Frederick VIII of Denmark and Louise of Sweden. Prince Carl was educated at the Royal Danish Naval Academy and served in the Royal Danish Navy. After the 1905 dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway, Prince Carl was offered the Norwegian crown. Following a November plebiscite, he accepted the offer and was formally elected King of Norway by the Storting. He took the Old Norse name Haakon and ascended to the throne as Haakon VII, becoming the first independent Norwegian monarch since 1387.Norway was invaded by Nazi Germany in April 1940. Haakon rejected German demands to legitimise the Quisling regime's puppet government and refused to abdicate after going into exile in Great Britain. As such, he played a pivotal role in uniting the Norwegian nation in its resistance to the invasion and the subsequent five-year-long occupation during the Second World War. He returned to Norway in June 1945 after the defeat of Germany.\nHe became King of Norway when his grandfather, Christian IX was still reigning in Denmark; and before his father and older brother became kings of Denmark. During his reign he saw his father, his elder brother Christian X, and his nephew Frederick IX ascend the throne of Denmark, in 1906, 1912, and 1947 respectively. Haakon died at the age of 85 in September 1957, after having reigned for nearly 52 years. He was succeeded by his only son, who ascended to the throne as Olav V.", "Q40002": "Lucy Ursula Griffiths (born 10 October 1986) is an English actress best known for her roles as Lady Marian in the BBC drama series Robin Hood (2006\u201309), as Nora Gainesborough, Eric Northman's vampire \"sister\", in the HBO horror series True Blood (2012\u201313) and as Emily Woodrow in the AMC supernatural drama series Preacher (2016).", "Q2591673": "Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture (Aalto ARTS; Finnish: Aalto-yliopiston taiteiden ja suunnittelun korkeakoulu; Swedish: Aalto-universitetets h\u00f6gskola f\u00f6r konst, design och arkitektur), was formed of two separate schools: the faculty of architecture (previously part of the Helsinki University of Technology) and the University of Art and Design Helsinki (UAIH, known in Finnish as TaiK). TaiK, founded in 1871, was the largest art university in the Nordic countries. The Media Centre Lume \u2013 the National Research and Development Center of audiovisual media \u2013 is also located in the university. The university awards the following academic degrees: Bachelor of Science in Technology, Architect, Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, and Doctor of Arts.\nThe university is known for its research projects and industrial collaborations. During the rectorship of Yrj\u00f6 Sotamaa the university was active in integrating design into Finnish innovation and business networks. This eventually led to the decision to merge TaiK together with Helsinki University of Technology (TKK) and the Helsinki School of Economics (HSE) into a new charter university, Aalto University, which started in January 2010.\nIn the QS World University Rankings in 2018, the Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture was placed 9th in the art and design subject area, in 2018 it was placed 9th.", "Q49998": "Tadamori \u014cshima (\u5927\u5cf6 \u7406\u68ee, \u014cshima Tadamori, born September 6, 1946) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party and the Speaker of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature).", "Q2408536": "The Fort Worth Star-Telegram is a U.S. daily newspaper serving Fort Worth and Tarrant County, the western half of the North Texas area known as the Metroplex. It is owned by The McClatchy Company.", "Q125106": "Salma Hayek Pinault (, Spanish: [\u02c8salma \u02c8xa\u029dek]; born Salma Valgarma Hayek Jim\u00e9nez; September 2, 1966) is a Mexican and American film actress and producer. She began her career in Mexico starring in the telenovela Teresa and starred in the film El Callej\u00f3n de los Milagros (Miracle Alley) for which she was nominated for an Ariel Award. In 1991, Hayek moved to Hollywood and came to prominence with roles in films such as Desperado (1995), From Dusk till Dawn (1996), Wild Wild West, and Dogma (both 1999).\nHer breakthrough role was in the 2002 film Frida, as Mexican painter Frida Kahlo, for which she was nominated for Best Actress for the Academy Award, BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award, and Screen Actors Guild Award, and which she also produced. This movie received widespread attention and was a critical and commercial success.\nShe won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing in a Children/Youth/Family Special for The Maldonado Miracle in 2004, and received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series after guest-starring in the ABC television comedy-drama Ugly Betty in 2007. She also guest-starred on the NBC comedy series 30 Rock from 2009 to 2013. In 2017, she was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for her role in Beatriz at Dinner.Hayek's recent films include Grown Ups (2010), Puss in Boots (2011), Grown Ups 2 (2013), Tale of Tales (2015), The Hitman's Bodyguard (2017) and Like a Boss (2020).", "Q3013976": "Daniel Dubroca (born 25 April 1954) is a former French national rugby union player and coach. He played as a prop and as a hooker.", "Q68956": "Martigny (French: [ma\u0281ti\u0272i]; German: Martinach; Latin: Octodurum) is the capital of the district of Martigny in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It lies at an elevation of 471 meters (1,545 ft), and its population is approximately 15000 inhabitants (Martignerains or \"Octoduriens\"). It is a junction of roads joining Italy, France and Switzerland. One road links it over the Great St. Bernard Pass to Aosta (Italy), and the other over the col de la Forclaz to Chamonix (France). In winter, Martigny is known for its numerous nearby Alp ski resorts such as Verbier.", "Q77876": "Reinhold Schneider (Baden-Baden, May 13, 1903 \u2013 Freiburg im Breisgau, April 6, 1958) was a German poet who also wrote novels. Initially his works were less religious, but later his poetry had a Christian and specifically Catholic influence. His first works included ones about Lu\u00eds de Cam\u00f5es and Portugal.He had written anti-war poems, which were banned in Nazi Germany. Las Casas (1938) had analysed the ways Christians should respond to state oppression, and had criticised Nazi persecution and anti-Semitism; this led to the ban on publishing his works.\nDuring the war associates of Schneider were in the 'Kreisau Circle' and the 'Freiburger Konzil' which had links with anti-Nazi resistance. His works were still published in Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenbergs journal White Papers and \"underground\", and tracts were distributed to soldiers at the front. Though he was accused of treason by authoring defeatist literature, the war ended before he could be tried.", "Q2929171": "Maryland Stadium is an outdoor athletic stadium on the campus of the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland. It is the home of Maryland Terrapins football and men's lacrosse teams, which compete in the Big Ten Conference. The facility was formerly named Byrd Stadium after Harry \"Curley\" Byrd, a multi-sport athlete, football coach, and university president in the first half of the 20th century. Due to a student government complaint over Byrd's namesake (Byrd supported a segregated university), the USM Board of Regents renamed the facility \"Maryland Stadium\" in 2015. Capital One holds the naming rights of the field, having acquired Chevy Chase Bank shortly after the latter purchased naming rights in 2006.", "Q135315": "The Sweet Hereafter is a 1997 Canadian drama film written and directed by Atom Egoyan, starring Ian Holm, Sarah Polley and Bruce Greenwood and adapted from the novel of the same name by Russell Banks. The film tells the story of a school bus accident in a small town that results in the deaths of numerous children. A class-action lawsuit ensues, proving divisive in the community and becoming tied with personal and family issues.\nThe story is inspired by the 1989 Alton, Texas bus crash. It was filmed in British Columbia and Ontario, incorporating a film score with medieval music influences and references to the story of The Pied Piper of Hamelin.\nAlthough The Sweet Hereafter was not a box office success, it was critically acclaimed and won three awards, including the Grand Prix, at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival, along with seven Genie Awards, including Best Motion Picture. It also received two Academy Award nominations, for Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay. Toronto International Film Festival critics named The Sweet Hereafter one of the top 10 Canadian films of all time.", "Q436399": "Annie Cotton (born July 13, 1975 in Laval, Quebec) is a Canadian actress and singer.\nCotton played a role in a TV series called Watatatow. On January 25, 2007, she appeared in the French Canadian long-time daily soap Virginie as well-known artist Annie Cloutier.\nIn 1993, Cotton became the second Canadian to represent Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest, after C\u00e9line Dion in 1988, performing the song \"Moi, tout simplement\". The song finished third with 148 points.", "Q204616": "John Parish (born 11 April 1959) is an English musician, songwriter, composer and record producer.\nParish is best known for his work with singer-songwriter PJ Harvey. He has also worked with many other bands including Eels, Tracy Chapman, Giant Sand, and Sparklehorse. His sister is the actress Sarah Parish. Parish was born in Yeovil, Somerset and lives in Bristol.", "Q25856": "Constantin Wurzbach Ritter von Tannenberg (11 April 1818 \u2013 17 August 1893) was an Austrian biographer, lexicographer and author.", "Q242643": "Naomi Novik (born 30 April 1973) is an American writer of speculative fiction. She wrote the Temeraire fantasy/alternate history series of nine novels. Her first book, His Majesty's Dragon, won the 2007 Compton Crook Award for best first novel in the science fiction and fantasy category. She won the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer in 2007, was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2007, 2016, and 2019, and won both the Nebula Award for Best Novel and the Mythopoeic Fantasy Award in 2016 for Uprooted. She is a 2019 recipient of the Alex Awards.", "Q940686": "Lawrence Mervil Tibbett (November 16, 1896 \u2013 July 15, 1960) was a famous American opera singer and recording artist who also performed as a film actor and radio personality. A baritone, he sang leading roles with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City more than 600 times from 1923 to 1950. He performed diverse musical theatre roles, including Captain Hook in Peter Pan in a touring show.", "Q55369": "Jerzy Oskar Stuhr (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u025b\u0290\u0268 \u02c8\u0282tur]; born 18 April 1947) is one of the most popular, influential and versatile Polish film and theatre actors. He also works as a screenwriter, film director and drama professor. He served as the Rector of the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts in Krak\u00f3w for two terms: from 1990 to 1996 and again from 2002 to 2008.", "Q9531": "The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters are at Broadcasting House in Westminster, London. It is the world's oldest national broadcaster, and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. It employs over 22,000 staff in total, more than 16,000 of whom are in public sector broadcasting. The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed-contract staff are included.The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. Its work is funded principally by an annual television licence fee which is charged to all British households, companies, and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts and iPlayer catch-up. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBC's radio, TV, and online services covering the nations and regions of the UK. Since 1 April 2014, it has also funded the BBC World Service (launched in 1932 as the BBC Empire Service), which broadcasts in 28 languages and provides comprehensive TV, radio, and online services in Arabic and Persian.\nAround a quarter of BBC's revenue comes from its commercial subsidiary BBC Studios (formerly BBC Worldwide), which sells BBC programmes and services internationally and also distributes the BBC's international 24-hour English-language news services BBC World News, and from BBC.com, provided by BBC Global News Ltd. In 2009, the company was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in recognition of its international achievements.From its inception, through the Second World War (where its broadcasts helped to unite the nation), to the 21st century, the BBC has played a prominent role in British life and culture. It is also known colloquially as \"The Beeb\", \"Auntie\", or a combination of both (as \"Auntie Beeb\" or \"Auntie B\").", "Q376294": "5 marines per 100 ragazze is a 1961 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Mattoli and starring Virna Lisi.\n\n", "Q6602": "Strasbourg (UK: , US: , French: [st\u0281azbu\u0281, st\u0281asbu\u0281] (listen); Bas Rhin Alsatian: Strossburi [\u02c8\u0283d\u0325\u0281\u0254\u02d0sb\u0325u\u0281i] (listen), Haut Rhin Alsatian: Strossburig [\u02c8\u0283d\u0325\u0281\u0254\u02d0sb\u0325u\u0281i\u0261\u030a] (listen); German: Stra\u00dfburg [\u02c8\u0283t\u0281a\u02d0sb\u028a\u0281k] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of the Grand Est region of France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located at the border with Germany in the historic region of Alsace, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin department. \nIn 2017, the city proper had 280,966 inhabitants and both the Eurom\u00e9tropole de Strasbourg (Greater Strasbourg) and the Arrondissement of Strasbourg had 494,089 inhabitants. Strasbourg's metropolitan area had a population of 785,839 in 2016 (not counting the section across the border in Germany), making it the ninth-largest metro area in France and home to 13% of the Grand Est region's inhabitants. The transnational Eurodistrict Strasbourg-Ortenau had a population of 958,421 inhabitants.Strasbourg is one of the de facto three main capitals of the European Union (alongside Brussels and Luxembourg), as it is the seat of several European institutions, such as the European Parliament, the Eurocorps and the European Ombudsman of the European Union. An organization separate from the European Union, the Council of Europe (with its European Court of Human Rights, its European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines most commonly known in French as \"Pharmacop\u00e9e Europ\u00e9enne\" its European Audiovisual Observatory) is also located in the city. \nTogether with Basel (Bank for International Settlements), Geneva (United Nations headquarters in Europe) and New York City (United Nations world headquarters), Strasbourg is among the few cities in the world not being a state capital and hosting international organisations of the first order. The city is the seat of many non-European international institutions such as the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine and the International Institute of Human Rights. It is the second city in France in terms of international congress and symposia, after Paris.\nStrasbourg's historic city centre, the Grande \u00cele (Grand Island), was classified a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988, the first time such an honour was placed on an entire city centre. Strasbourg is immersed in Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history, has been a cultural bridge between France and Germany for centuries, especially through the University of Strasbourg, currently the second-largest in France, and the coexistence of Catholic and Protestant culture. It is also home to the largest Islamic place of worship in France, the Strasbourg Grand Mosque.Economically, Strasbourg is an important centre of manufacturing and engineering, as well as a hub of road, rail, and river transportation. The port of Strasbourg is the second-largest on the Rhine after Duisburg in Germany, and the second-largest river port in France after Paris.", "Q141494": "Cyril Terence \"Tom\" Delaney (8 January 1911 \u2013 31 August 2006) was a British sportsman and industrialist, perhaps best known in his later years for being the oldest licensed racing driver in the world, having competed in the same Lea-Francis car for more than three-quarters of a century from 1930 until just a few months before his death.", "Q106907": "Giulia Anna \"Giulietta\" Masina (22 February 1921 \u2013 23 March 1994) was an Italian film actress, best known for her performances of Gelsomina in La Strada (1954) and Cabiria in Nights of Cabiria (1957). Both films won Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film and were described by their director Federico Fellini as having been \"inspired\" by Masina's \"humanity.\"Italian cinema historian Peter Bondanella described Masina's work as \"masterful\" and \"unforgettable,\" and Charlie Chaplin, with whose work Masina's is often compared, called her \"the actress who moved him most.\"\n\n", "Q90753": "Renate Hoy, also credited as Renate Huy and Erika Nordin, (born December 31, 1930 in Ludwigshafen, Mannheim, Germany) is a German actress. After winning the title of Miss N\u00fcrnberg, she was crowned Miss Germany of 1952. She then traveled to the United States to represent her country in the first Miss Universe contest, which was held in Long Beach, California where she placed fifth (fourth runner up).\nShortly thereafter, she became a contract player for Universal Studios and made several movies during the 1950s. She was in such films as Abbott and Costello Go to Mars, Missile to the Moon, The Golden Blade, The Birds and the Bees, The Sea Chase, A Certain Smile, and had a leading role in the classic German film Schlo\u00df Hubertus (1954).\nIn 1954, she married actor Brett Halsey. They had two children, son Charles Oliver Hand, Jr. (a.k.a. \"Rock Bottom\" of the Los Angeles-based punk band Rock Bottom and the Spys) and daughter Tracy Leigh. They divorced in 1959. Charles Hand was murdered in prison while serving a 25-year sentence.Following a landmark 1960 Screen Actors Guild strike, Hoy retired from acting. In 1963, Hoy married prominent civil rights attorney Raymond C. Simpson. The couple had one child, musician Richard James Simpson, a member of the bands Invisiblechains and Teardrain. Renate currently resides in Southern California.", "Q171557": "Paul Alexandre Belmondo (born 23 April 1963) is a French racing driver who raced in Formula One for the March and Pacific Racing teams. He was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, the son of actor Jean-Paul Belmondo and grandson of sculptor Paul Belmondo. Around 1981, Paul gained publicity for becoming the lover of Princess St\u00e9phanie of Monaco.Through 1987 he participated in Formula 3 and Formula 3000, although he was never a top 10 championship finisher in either. In 1992 he joined the March F1 team as a pay driver, getting a ninth place at the Hungarian Grand Prix, but only qualifying 4 more times before he ran out of money and was replaced by Emanuele Naspetti. Two years later he became a member of the uncompetitive Pacific Grand Prix team, where he only qualified for two races and was usually behind teammate Bertrand Gachot. Thereafter he concentrated on GT racing, at the wheel of a Chrysler Viper GTS-R. He started his own team, Paul Belmondo Racing, which raced in the FIA GT Championship and Le Mans Endurance Series championship before folding in 2007.", "Q543060": "Thomas Dunn English (June 29, 1819 \u2013 April 1, 1902) was an American Democratic Party politician from New Jersey who represented the state's 6th congressional district in the House of Representatives from 1891 to 1895. He was also a published author and songwriter, who had a bitter feud with Edgar Allan Poe. Along with Waitman T. Barbe and Danske Dandridge, English was considered a major West Virginia poet of the late 19th century.", "Q121374": "Pia Gyger (born 2 November 1940 in Schaffhausen; died 14 July 2014 in Basel ) was a Swiss specialist for special education, psychologist and Zen master of the White Plum Sangha lineage. She was co-founder of the Lassalle-Institute within the Lassalle-House in Bad Sch\u00f6nbrunn/Zug, Canton of Zug. She was co-initiator of the Jerusalem-Project.", "Q338689": "Vil\u00e9m Mr\u0161t\u00edk (born 14 May 1863 in Jimramov \u2013 died 2 March 1912 in Div\u00e1ky) was a Czech writer known for his novel Santa Lucia (1893). With his brother, Alois (1861-1925) he also wrote the drama Mary\u0161a (1894). This play, set in rural Moravia, explored gender roles and tradition in a small village. In contrast to the more positive renderings of rural life by the writers of the National Revival, the brothers attempted a more impartial view of life in the countryside.", "Q3579958": "\u00c9douard Masson (May 4, 1826 \u2013 August 5, 1875) was a businessman and political figure in Canada East.", "Q6616": "Poitiers (UK: , also UK: , US: , French: [pwatje] (listen)) is a city on the Clain river in west-central France. It is a commune and the capital of the Vienne department and also of the Poitou. Poitiers is a significant university centre. The centre of town is picturesque and its streets include predominantly historical architecture, especially religious architecture and especially from the Romanesque period. Two major battles took place near the city. The first, in 732, also known as the Battle of Tours (to avoid confusion with the second), saw the Franks commanded by Charles Martel defeat an expeditionary army of the Umayyad Caliphate. The second, in 1356, was one of the key battles of the Hundred Years War. It saw the defeat of a large French royal army by the English and the capture of King John II by the victorious Prince of Wales.", "Q15981": "Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Robert Schuman (French: [\u0281\u0254b\u025b\u0281 \u0283uman]; 29 June 1886 \u2013 4 September 1963) was a Luxembourg-born French statesman. Schuman was a Christian Democrat (MRP) political thinker and activist. Twice Prime Minister of France, a reformist Minister of Finance and a Foreign Minister, he was instrumental in building post-war European and trans-Atlantic institutions and was one of the founders of the European Union, the Council of Europe and NATO. The 1964\u20131965 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour.", "Q458454": "Rod Piazza (born December 18, 1947, Riverside, California) is an American blues harmonica player and singer. He has been playing with his band The Mighty Flyers since 1980 which he formed with his pianist wife Honey Piazza. Their boogie sound combines the styles of jump blues, West Coast blues and Chicago blues.", "Q96336": "Oda Schaefer (really Oda Lange, born December 21, 1900 in Berlin-Wilmersdorf as Oda Krus; died September 4, 1988 in Munich) was a German writer and journalist.", "Q42601": "David D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Marc Ginola (French pronunciation: \u200b[david \u0292inola]; born 25 January 1967) is a French former international football player who has also worked as an actor, model and football pundit.\nGinola was born in Gassin, a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur region in southeastern France. A former forward, he played football for ten seasons in his native France before making the move from Paris Saint-Germain to Newcastle United in the English Premier League in July 1995. He continued playing in the Premier League for Tottenham Hotspur, Aston Villa and Everton before retiring in 2002.\nSince his retirement from the game he has become involved in several new pursuits, including acting. Ginola is a regular contributor to BBC, BT and CNN. He hosts 'Match of ze Day' ('MozD'), a program which broadcasts live Premier League matches on Canal+.\nOn 16 January 2015, Ginola announced his intention to run for the FIFA presidency. However, 14 days later, on 30 January 2015, Ginola withdrew his bid for the FIFA presidency, after failing to receive the required backing of at least five national football associations.", "Q523794": "Josef Franz Wagner (20 March 1856 \u2013 5 June 1908) was an Austrian military bandmaster and composer. He is sometimes referred to as \"The Austrian March King\".He is best known for his 1893 march \"Unter dem Doppeladler\" (Op. 159) or \"Under the Double Eagle\", referring to the double eagle in the coat of arms of Austria-Hungary. The march became a favourite part of the repertoire of American composer and bandleader John Philip Sousa, whose band recorded it three times. The piece was the official regimental march of Austrian Artillery Regiment Number 2 until its dissolution in 2007.The tune was parodied in the Benny Goodman recording \"Benjie's Bubble\" and was also used for the well-known Monty Python's Flying Circus animation segment \"Conrad Poohs And His Dancing Teeth\".\n\"Under the Double Eagle\" is well known in country music, having been recorded by a number of guitar and banjo players, several of them identified with the bluegrass style.\nWagner is also known for the march \"Tiroler Holzhackerbuab'n\" (Op. 356), or \"Tyrolean Lumberjacks\". In 1895, his only opera, Der Herzbub, premiered in Vienna.\n\nTiroler Holzhackerbuab'n", "Q1973049": "Henry of Sandomierz (Polish: Henryk Sandomierski) (ca. 1131 \u2013 18 October 1166) was a Duke of Sandomierz since 1138 (titulary) or 1146 (formally) until his death.\nHe was the fifth but third surviving son of Boles\u0142aw III Wrymouth, Duke of Poland, by his second wife Salomea, daughter of Henry, Count of Berg, from whom he received his name.", "Q329784": "Charles Edward Durning (February 28, 1923 \u2013 December 24, 2012) was an American actor, with appearances in over 200 movies, television shows and plays. Durning's best-known films include The Sting (1973), Dog Day Afternoon (1975), True Confessions (1981), Tootsie (1982), Dick Tracy (1990) and O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000). He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for both The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (1982) and To Be or Not to Be (1983). Prior to his acting career, Durning served in World War II and was decorated for valor in combat.\n\n", "Q97028": "Paul Hermann August Oestreich (30 March 1878 \u2013 28 February 1959) was a German educator.", "Q1385119": "Yisrael Hasson (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d7\u05e1\u05d5\u05df, born 27 April 1955) is an Israeli politician and former Deputy Director of Shin Bet. He served as a member of the Knesset for Yisrael Beiteinu and Kadima between 2006 and 2014, before becoming Chairman of the Israel Antiquities Authority.", "Q36180": "A writer is a person who uses written words in different styles and techniques to communicate ideas. Writers produce different forms of literary art and creative writing such as novels, short stories, books, poetry, plays, screenplays, \nteleplays, songs, and essays as well as other reports and news articles that may be of interest to the public. Writers' texts are published across a range of media. Skilled writers who are able to use language to express ideas well, often contribute significantly to the cultural content of a society.The term \"writer\" is also used elsewhere in the arts and music \u2013 such as songwriter or a screenwriter \u2013 but as a standalone \"writer\" normally refers to the creation of written language. Some writers work from an oral tradition.\nWriters can produce material across a number of genres, fictional or non-fictional. Other writers use multiple media \u2013 for example, graphics or illustration \u2013 to enhance the communication of their ideas. Another recent demand has been created by civil and government readers for the work of non-fictional technical writers, whose skills create understandable, interpretive documents of a practical or scientific kind. Some writers may use images (drawing, painting, graphics) or multimedia to augment their writing. In rare instances, creative writers are able to communicate their ideas via music as well as words.As well as producing their own written works, writers often write on how they write (that is, the process they use); why they write (that is, their motivation); and also comment on the work of other writers (criticism). Writers work professionally or non-professionally, that is, for payment or without payment and may be paid either in advance (or on acceptance), or only after their work is published. Payment is only one of the motivations of writers and many are not paid for their work.\nThe term writer is often used as a synonym of author, although the latter term has a somewhat broader meaning and is used to convey legal responsibility for a piece of writing, even if its composition is anonymous, unknown or collaborative.", "Q390063": "Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (titled Fantastic 4: Rise of the Silver Surfer on the DVD/Blu-ray release) is a 2007 American superhero film, and sequel to the 2005 film Fantastic Four. Both films are based on the Fantastic Four comic book and were directed by Tim Story. The film stars Ioan Gruffudd, Jessica Alba, Chris Evans, and Michael Chiklis as the title characters, with Julian McMahon, Kerry Washington, Andre Braugher, and Laurence Fishburne in supporting roles. The plot follows the Fantastic Four (and Doctor Doom) as they confront, and later ally with, the Silver Surfer to save Earth from Galactus.\nUpon its release on June 15, 2007 in North America, the film received mixed reviews from critics, though some considered it an improvement over the first film. While it was the highest-grossing film during its first week, the film ultimately made less than its predecessor, resulting in both a planned third film and a spin-off Silver Surfer film being cancelled. The series was later rebooted in 2015 and released to a worse critical and commercial reception.\n\n", "Q344554": "Manuel Fern\u00e1ndez Juncos (December 11, 1846 \u2013 August 18, 1928) was a Spanish-born, Puerto Rican journalist, poet, author and humanitarian who wrote the official lyrics to La Borinque\u00f1a, Puerto Rico's official anthem.", "Q3410044": "Psycho+Logical-Records is an independent record label based in New York City. Founded in 1999 by rapper and producer Necro, its first release was Necro's debut I Need Drugs. It went on to release notable albums by hip hop artists such as the debut solo albums of Ill Bill, Sabac Red, & Goretex of Non Phixion, as well as Mr. Hyde. Releases are distributed on CD & digitally through formats such as iTunes, and several albums and singles have been released on 12\" vinyl as well. Among the label's current artists are Necro and Mr Hyde, and the label as of 2014 has released 42 albums.", "Q94521": "Isaac Noah Mannheimer (October 17, 1793, Copenhagen \u2013 March 17, 1865, Vienna) was a Jewish preacher.", "Q546118": "Paris-Sorbonne University (also known as Paris IV; French: Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sorbonne, Paris IV) was a public research university in Paris, France, active from 1971 to 2017. It was the main inheritor of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Paris. In 2018, it was merged with Pierre and Marie Curie University and some smaller entities to form a new university called Sorbonne University.\nParis-Sorbonne University was consistently ranked as France's as well as one of the world's most prominent ones in the humanities. QS World University Rankings ranked it 13th in humanities internationally in 2010, and 17th in 2011 and 2012. Times Higher Education World University Rankings also ranked it as France's highest reputed institution of higher education overall in 2012.", "Q312712": "Mark Strong (born Marco Giuseppe Salussolia; 5 August 1963) is an English actor. He is best known for his film roles such as Prince Septimus in Stardust (2007), Lord Henry Blackwood in Sherlock Holmes (2009), Frank D'Amico in Kick-Ass (2010), Jim Prideaux in Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011), George in Zero Dark Thirty (2012), Major General Stewart Menzies in The Imitation Game (2014), Merlin in Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014) and Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017), and Dr. Thaddeus Sivana in Shazam! (2019).", "Q26393": "Poprad (Slovak pronunciation: [\u02c8p\u0254p\u027eat]; German: Deutschendorf) is a city in northern Slovakia at the foot of the High Tatra Mountains, famous for its picturesque historic centre and as a holiday resort. It is the biggest town of the Spi\u0161 region and the tenth largest city in Slovakia, with a population of approximately 50,000.\nThe Poprad-Tatry Airport is an international airport located just outside the city. Poprad is also the starting point of the Tatra Electric Railway (known in Slovak as Tatransk\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 \u017eeleznica), a set of special narrow-gauge trains (trams) connecting the resorts in the High Tatras with each other and with Poprad. Main line trains link Poprad to other destinations in Slovakia and beyond; in particular, there are through trains running from Poprad to Prague in the Czech Republic.", "Q200464": "The Portuguese Empire (Portuguese: Imp\u00e9rio Portugu\u00eas), also known as the Portuguese Overseas (Ultramar Portugu\u00eas) or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (Imp\u00e9rio Colonial Portugu\u00eas), was composed of the overseas colonies and territories governed by Portugal. One of the longest-lived empires in world history, it existed for almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415, to the handover of Portuguese Macau to China in 1999. The empire began in the 15th century, and from the early 16th century it stretched across the globe, with bases in North and South America, Africa, and various regions of Asia and Oceania.The Portuguese Empire originated at the beginning of the Age of Discovery, and the power and influence of the Kingdom of Portugal would eventually expand across the globe. In the wake of the Reconquista, Portuguese sailors began exploring the coast of Africa and the Atlantic archipelagos in 1418\u201319, using recent developments in navigation, cartography and maritime technology such as the caravel, with the aim of finding a sea route to the source of the lucrative spice-trade. In 1488 Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and in 1498 Vasco da Gama reached India. In 1500, either by an accidental landfall or by the crown's secret design, Pedro \u00c1lvares Cabral discovered Brazil on the South American coast.\nOver the following decades, Portuguese sailors continued to explore the coasts and islands of East Asia, establishing forts and factories as they went. By 1571 a string of naval outposts connected Lisbon to Nagasaki along the coasts of Africa, the Middle East, India and South Asia. This commercial network and the colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth (1500\u20131800), when it accounted for about a fifth of Portugal's per-capita income.\nWhen King Philip II of Spain (Philip I of Portugal) seized the Portuguese crown in 1580 there began a 60-year union between Spain and Portugal known to subsequent historiography as the Iberian Union. The realms continued to have separate administrations. As the King of Spain was also King of Portugal, Portuguese colonies became the subject of attacks by three rival European powers hostile to Spain: the Dutch Republic, England, and France. With its smaller population, Portugal found itself unable to effectively defend its overstretched network of trading posts, and the empire began a long and gradual decline. Eventually, Brazil became the most valuable colony of the second era of empire (1663\u20131825), until, as part of the wave of independence movements that swept the Americas during the early 19th century, it broke away in 1822.\nThe third era of empire covers the final stage of Portuguese colonialism after the independence of Brazil in the 1820s. By then, the colonial possessions had been reduced to forts and plantations along the African coastline (expanded inland during the Scramble for Africa in the late 19th century), Portuguese Timor, and enclaves in India (Portuguese India) and China (Portuguese Macau). The 1890 British Ultimatum led to the contraction of Portuguese ambitions in Africa.\nUnder Ant\u00f3nio Salazar (in office 1932\u20131968), the Second Portuguese Republic made some ill-fated attempts to cling on to its last remaining colonies. Under the ideology of Pluricontinentalism, the regime renamed its colonies \"overseas provinces\" while retaining the system of forced labour, from which only a small indigenous \u00e9lite was normally exempt. In 1961 India annexed Goa and Dahomey (now Benin) annexed Fort of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Baptista de Ajud\u00e1. The Portuguese Colonial War in Africa lasted from 1961 until the final overthrow of the Estado Novo regime in 1974. The so-called Carnation Revolution of April 1974 in Lisbon led to the hasty decolonization of Portuguese Africa and to the 1975 annexation of Portuguese Timor by Indonesia. Decolonization prompted the exodus of nearly all the Portuguese colonial settlers and of many mixed-race people from the colonies. Portugal returned Macau to China in 1999. The only overseas possessions to remain under Portuguese rule, the Azores and Madeira, both had overwhelmingly Portuguese populations, and Lisbon subsequently changed their constitutional status from \"overseas provinces\" to \"autonomous regions\".", "Q77862": "Dietrich Schwanitz (April 23, 1940 \u2013 December 17, 2004) was a German writer and literary scholar. He became known to larger audiences after publishing the bestselling campus novel Der Campus in 1995.", "Q49754": "The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (German: Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands, CDU) was an East German political party founded in 1945. It was part of the National Front with the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and a bloc party until 1989.\nIt contested the free elections in 1990 as an arm of the West German Christian Democratic Union, into which it merged after German reunification later that same year.", "Q69484": "Spiez is a town and municipality on the shore of Lake Thun in the Bernese Oberland region of the Swiss canton of Bern. It is part of the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district. Besides the town of Spiez, the municipality also includes the settlements of Einigen, Hondrich, Faulensee, and Spiezwiler.\nThe official language of Spiez is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q210111": "Ruby Sparks is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris, and written by Zoe Kazan. It stars Paul Dano as an anxious novelist whose fictional character, Ruby Sparks, played by Kazan, comes to life, and his struggles to reconcile his idealized vision of her with her increasing independence. The score was composed by Nick Urata of the band DeVotchKa.", "Q49032": "Annette Abbott Adams (12 March 1877 \u2013 26 October 1956) was an American lawyer and judge. She was the first woman to be the Assistant Attorney General in the United States.", "Q3107903": "Naratheinkha (Burmese: \u1014\u101b\u101e\u102d\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1001, pronounced [n\u0259\u0279a\u0330 \u03b8\u00e9i\u0274k\u02b0a\u0330]; 1141\u20131174) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1171 to 1174. He appointed his brother Narapati Sithu heir apparent and commander-in-chief. It was the first recorded instance in the history of the dynasty that the king had given up the command of the army. The king was assassinated by Aungzwa, one of Sithu's servants, after the king had raised one of Sithu's wives to queen.According to G.H. Luce, there is no inscriptional evidence that Naratheinkha or any kings between 1165 and 1174 ever existed. Other historians such as Htin Aung do not agree with Luce's \"conjecture\".", "Q256144": "Debra Jo Rupp (born February 24, 1951) is an American actress, best known for her roles as Kitty Forman on the Fox sitcom That '70s Show and Alice Knight-Buffay on the third, fourth and fifth seasons of Friends. She voiced Mary Helperman in the animated series Teacher's Pet and its sequel film, as well as playing timid secretary Miss Patterson in Big (1988).", "Q104862": "Martin Bayerstorfer (born May 8, 1966) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.He was elected in 2002 to represent Landkreis Erding.", "Q594738": "Glenn E. Plummer (born August 18, 1961) is an American film and television actor.\nPlummer was born in Richmond, California. He has appeared in numerous films and television series, primarily in supporting roles or small bit parts, such as High Top in Colors. His prominent roles came in the films Menace II Society, Speed, Bones, Showgirls, South Central, The Day After Tomorrow, The Salton Sea and Saw II. He was offered the role of Jesse in Riding the Bus with My Sister. In 2014, he produced and was a collaborating writer of the horror thriller film Teeth and Blood.", "Q92636": "John Kenneth Ousterhout (, born October 15, 1954) is a professor of computer science at Stanford University. He founded Electric Cloud with John Graham-Cumming. Ousterhout was a professor of computer science at University of California, Berkeley where he created the Tcl scripting language and the Tk platform-independent widget toolkit, and proposed the idea of coscheduling. Ousterhout also led the research group that designed the experimental Sprite operating system and the first log-structured file system.\nOusterhout is the author of the Magic VLSI computer-aided design (CAD) program.He received his Bachelor's degree in Physics from Yale University in 1975, and his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1980.Ousterhout received the Grace Murray Hopper Award in 1987 for his work on CAD systems for very-large-scale integrated circuits. For the same work, he was inducted in 1994 as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. Ousterhout is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.\nIn 1994, Ousterhout left Berkeley to join Sun Microsystems Laboratories, which hired a team to join him in Tcl development. After several years at Sun, he left and co-founded Scriptics, Inc. (later renamed Ajuba Solutions) in January 1998 to provide professional Tcl development tools. Most of the Tcl team followed him from Sun. Ajuba was purchased by Interwoven in October 2000. He joined the faculty of Stanford University in 2008.\n\n", "Q3814867": "Kevyn James Aucoin (February 14, 1962 \u2013 May 7, 2002) was an American make-up artist, photographer and author. In the 1990s, Aucoin was wholly responsible for the \"sculpted\" look of many celebrities and top models, including Whitney Houston, Cher, Madonna, Cindy Crawford, and Naomi Campbell. He published a number of industry defining cosmetics books, which are now widely accepted as introducing makeup contouring to the general public for the first time.", "Q878319": "The Serbian Despotate (Serbian: \u0421\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 / Srpska despotovina) was a medieval Serbian state in the first half of the 15th century. Although the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 is generally considered the end of medieval Serbia, the Despotate, a successor of the Serbian Empire and Moravian Serbia, survived for another 60 years, experiencing a cultural and political renaissance before it was conquered by the Ottomans in 1459. Before its conquest the Despotate nominally had a suzerain status to the Ottoman Empire, Byzantine Empire and Kingdom of Hungary. After being fully subjugated to the Ottoman Empire in 1459, it continued to exist in exile in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary until the mid-16th century. Pavle Baki\u0107 was the last Despot of Serbia to be recognized by both the Ottoman and the Habsburg Monarchy.", "Q229948": "Holly Madison (born December 23, 1979) is a model, showgirl, television personality and New York Times best-selling author. Madison is known for her role in the E! reality television show The Girls Next Door and for her own series, Holly's World. In July 2015, Madison released her first book and memoir, Down the Rabbit Hole: Curious Adventures and Cautionary Tales of a Former Playboy Bunny. In May 2016, she released her second book, The Vegas Diaries: Romance, Rolling the Dice, and the Road to Reinvention detailing her career and dating life in Las Vegas.\n\n", "Q219653": "Joshua Jackson (born June 11, 1978) is a Canadian-American actor. He is known for his starring role as Pacey Witter in the teen drama series Dawson's Creek (1998\u20132003), Peter Bishop in the science fiction series Fringe (2008\u20132013), Cole Lockhart in the drama series The Affair (2014\u201318), Mickey Joseph in the drama miniseries When They See Us (2019), & Bill Richardson in the drama miniseries Little Fires Everywhere.\nJackson's best known films include The Mighty Ducks film series (1992\u201396), Cruel Intentions (1999), The Skulls (2000), and Shutter (2008). For his performance in the Canadian independent film One Week (2008), Jackson won the Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role.", "Q227965": "Pope Leo VIII (died 1 March 965) was a Roman prelate who claimed the Holy See from 963 until 964 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V and again from 23 June 964 to his death. Today he is considered by the Catholic Church to have been an antipope during the first period and the legitimate pope during the second. An appointee of Holy Roman Emperor Otto I, Leo VIII's pontificate occurred during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum.\n\n", "Q239583": "Charlene L. Tilton (born December 1, 1958) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for playing Lucy Ewing, the saucy niece of J. R. Ewing (played by Larry Hagman), on the television series Dallas.", "Q613837": "Metal Mind Productions (MMP) is a Polish record label founded in 1987. The label focuses on rock and heavy metal. MMP is also publisher of Metal Hammer, the largest and the oldest heavy metal magazine. As a concert agency, it organises Metalmania, the largest heavy metal event in Central\u2013Eastern Europe, and it organised over 1000 concerts including Monsters of Rock in Poland, 1991.\nMetal Mind Productions over the years became the subject of criticism from such bands as Malevolent Creation, Enter Chaos, Behemoth and Moonlight among others, for releasing unauthorized records and lack of professionalism. In 2007 label purchased rights for several albums from Empire Records which was closed, that include titles from such bands as Totem, Sammath Naur, Dissenter, Deivos, Archeon, Spinal Cord, Demise, Naumachia, and Pyorrhoea. Metal Mind re-released albums by those bands in 2007 and 2008. Although musicians have not been informed about the deal and were unable to contact Metal Mind.From early 1990s Metal Mind had a licensing deal with Music for Nations until its closure in 2004. That included releases by such bands as Candlemass, Thrasher, Dispatched and Paradise Lost among others. Till 2005 label had distributing and licensing deal with Century Media Records That included releases by such bands as Sentenced, Death, Cryptopsy, Arch Enemy, Strapping Young Lad, Jag Panzer, The Gathering, Bloodbath and Massacre among others.In 2006 Metal Mind Productions has signed a multi-licensing deal with Roadrunner Records for the latter label's back catalogue. The selection of bands include Solitude Aeturnus, Willard, Trojan, Atrocity, Crimson Glory, Front Line Assembly, Violent Force, Acrophet, Amen, Atrophy, Heathen, Realm, Xentrix, Defiance, Disincarnate, Pestilence, Last Crack, Znowhite, Sadus, Toxik, Bulldozer and Gorguts. In 2008 label has signed similar deal with Nuclear Blast for the latter label's back catalogue. The selection of bands include Brutallity, Control Denied, Darkane, Disbelief, Dismal Euphony, Destruction, Theatre of Tragedy, Stormwitch, Darkseed, Disharmonic Orchestra, Gardenian, Primal Fear, Farmer Boys, Horde, Hypocrisy, Impulse Manslaughter, Macabre, Mortification, Night in Gales, Slaughter, Abomination, Warhammer and Winter.On other various licenses Metal Mind Productions released albums of such artists as Ankh, Anvil, Art Rock, Astharoth, Bang Tango, Bank, Blaze Bayley, Believer, Warlock and Wilczy Paj\u0105k among others.In 2010 label founder Tomasz Dziubi\u0144ski died of neoplasm.", "Q145180": "Zalmai Rassoul (Pashto: \u0632\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u200e; born 11 May 1943) is an Afghan politician who served as Foreign Minister of Afghanistan from January 2010 to October 2013. He previously served as National Security Advisor beginning in June 2002. He has accompanied Afghan President Hamid Karzai on all official visits since the establishment of the Interim Administration in 2001. He resigned as Foreign Minister on 5 October 2013 to stand as a candidate in the 2014 presidential election.\n\n", "Q4701156": "Akira Morikawa (\u68ee\u5ddd\u4eae, Morikawa Akira, born 13 January 1969) is the current president of NHN Corporation. Morikawa joined Nippon Television Network Corporation after graduating from the University of Tsukuba in 1989. While serving for the systems division at the TV firm, he got involved in a wide range of media businesses from online advertising and video distribution, mobile service, international broadcast, to BS digital broadcast. Received a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree from Aoyama Gakuin University in 1999. Joined Sony Corp. in 2000, where he was in charge of new mobile content and broadband businesses and was responsible for overall content business, including business/service planning and sales. Joined Hangame Japan (predecessor of NHN Japan) in 2003, where he served as general manager overseeing overall gaming business and then as director, before becoming vice president in October 2006. Appointed president in October 2007 and doubled as president of newly established Naver Japan the following month. Remained president of NHN Japan after the company, Naver Japan and Livedoor Co. merged to form the NHN Japan group in January 2012.", "Q726126": "Shane Black (born December 16, 1961) is an American filmmaker and actor who has written such films as Lethal Weapon and Lethal Weapon 2, The Monster Squad, The Last Boy Scout, Last Action Hero and The Long Kiss Goodnight. As an actor, Black is best known for his role as Rick Hawkins in Predator (1987).\nHe made his directorial debut with the film Kiss Kiss Bang Bang in 2005. Black went on to write and direct Iron Man 3 (2013), The Nice Guys (2016) and The Predator (2018).As of 2020, his film Iron Man 3 ranks as the twentieth-highest-grossing film worldwide.", "Q445405": "Darius Carlos Rucker (born May 13, 1966) is an American singer and songwriter. He first gained fame as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of rock band Hootie & the Blowfish, which he founded in 1986 at the University of South Carolina along with Mark Bryan, Jim \"Soni\" Sonefeld, and Dean Felber. The band released five studio albums with him as a member and charted six top 40 hits on the Billboard Hot 100. Rucker co-wrote most of the songs with the other members.\nHe released a solo R&B album, Back to Then in 2002 on Hidden Beach Recordings but no singles from it charted. Six years later, Rucker signed to Capitol Nashville as a country music singer, releasing the album, Learn to Live that year. Its first single, \"Don't Think I Don't Think About It\", made him the first black artist to reach number one on the Hot Country Songs charts since Charley Pride in 1983. (Ray Charles hit number one in March 1985 in a duet with Willie Nelson with \"Seven Spanish Angels\".) It was followed by two more number one singles, \"It Won't Be Like This for Long\" and \"Alright\" and the number three hit \"History in the Making\". In 2009, he became the first black American to win the New Artist Award from the Country Music Association, and the second black person to win any award from the association. A second album, Charleston, SC 1966, was released on October 12, 2010. The album includes the number one singles, \"Come Back Song\" and \"This\".", "Q491132": "Santa Clarita () is the third-largest city in Los Angeles County, and the 23rd largest in the state of California. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 176,320, and in 2018 the population was estimated to be 210,089. The city has gained much of this rapid population increase by annexing numerous unincorporated areas. It is located about 30 miles (48 km) northwest of downtown Los Angeles, and occupies most of the Santa Clarita Valley in northwestern Los Angeles County. It is a notable example of a U.S. edge city or boomburb.\nSanta Clarita was incorporated in December 1987 as the union of four unincorporated communities, Canyon Country, Newhall, Saugus, and Valencia, most of which are situated within the boundaries of the former Rancho San Francisco, a historic land grant. The four communities retain separate identities, and residents commonly refer to one of them when asked where they are from. Santa Clarita is bounded on the west by the Golden State Freeway (I-5). The Antelope Valley Freeway (SR-14) runs northeast-southwest through an irregular east border, and Newhall Pass is the city's southernmost point.\nSix Flags Magic Mountain amusement park and Stevenson Ranch are both commonly associated with Santa Clarita. But each is located west of Interstate 5, and thus neither is within the Santa Clarita city limits.", "Q3160998": "James Crocket Wilson (July 19, 1841 \u2013 October 8, 1899) was a Canadian businessman and politician in the province of Quebec.\nBorn near Rasharkin, County Antrim, Ireland, the son of Samuel Wilson and Elizabeth Crocket, Wilson emigrated to Montreal with his parents in 1842. He studied at the McGill Normal School and became a teacher in Beauharnois in 1859. In 1862, he became a clerk in a bookstore in Belleville, Upper Canada and soon worked in press agency at Toronto. In 1863, he became a clerk for a New York publisher. He married Jeanie Kilgour in 1865 and moved back to Montreal with her in 1867 where he was employed as a cashier and bookkeeper for a paper manufacturer. In 1870, he started his own business manufacturing paper bags. He soon built a paper-mill in Lachute, Quebec to supply his factory. The mill proved to be very successful and was expanded to become one of the largest paper factories in Canada.\nPolitically, he was elected to the Montreal City Council in 1880 and was re-elected by acclamation in 1883. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the electoral district of Argenteuil in the 1887 federal election. A Liberal-Conservative, he did not run in 1891.\nHe died in Montreal in 1899.", "Q426820": "Marcella Rovena (January 22, 1905 \u2013 October 6, 1991) was an Italian film and voice actress. Born in Conegliano, she started her career on the big screen in 1932 with director Nunzio Malasomma in the film La telefonista.", "Q319121": "Alexander Emric (or Emerick) Jones (born February 11, 1974) is an American radio show host and far-right conspiracy theorist. He hosts The Alex Jones Show from Austin, Texas, which the Genesis Communications Network syndicates across the United States and online. Jones' website, InfoWars, is derived from conspiracy theories and fake news, as are websites NewsWars and PrisonPlanet.\nJones began his broadcasting career in the 1990s running a live public-access cable television program, later switching to radio. He has been at the center of many controversies: he promoted conspiracy theories about the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School mass shooting. In other conspiracy theories, Jones has accused the US government of planning the Oklahoma City bombing, the September 11 attacks, and falsifying details regarding the 1969 Moon landing. He has claimed that several governments and big businesses have colluded to create a \"New World Order\" through \"manufactured economic crises, sophisticated surveillance tech and\u2014above all\u2014inside-job terror attacks that fuel exploitable hysteria\". He aggressively opposed gun control in a debate with Piers Morgan.Jones has described himself as a conservative, paleoconservative and libertarian, terms he uses interchangeably. Others describe him as conservative, right-wing, alt-right, and far-right. New York magazine has described Jones as \"America's leading conspiracy theorist\", and the Southern Poverty Law Center describes him as \"the most prolific conspiracy theorist in contemporary America\". Asked about such labels, Jones said he is \"proud to be listed as a thought criminal against Big Brother\".", "Q138143": "M\u00e5rten Hagstr\u00f6m, (born 27 April 1971) is the rhythm guitarist for the Swedish progressive metal band Meshuggah. He joined the band after the release of their first album, which allowed Jens Kidman to focus on his vocal performances and give up rhythm guitar duties. He and fellow Meshuggah guitarist Fredrik Thordendal are known for their complex rhythm guitar playing. Hagstr\u00f6m has cited Rush, James Hetfield, Squarepusher, Autechre, Strapping Young Lad, and GISM as influences.\nIn a Metal Injection interview he has said, \"You can't play an instrument for the technicality of it. It's a tool you use it to get what's in here and here [heart and mind] out there.\" He has also stated that when he first started learning guitar, the prevailing trend was for increasingly virtuosic lead playing, and that he decided to focus on developing his intricate rhythm guitar style instead.\nAlthough Thordendal plays most of Meshuggah's guitar solos, the two of them share songwriting duties more or less equally, with Hagstr\u00f6m notably contributing \"Nebulous\" from Nothing, \"Acrid Placidity\" from Destroy Erase Improve, and \"Neurotica\" from Chaosphere. Hagstr\u00f6m has also stepped out of his role of playing exclusively rhythm guitar with the release of Meshuggah's obZen album by playing the slower, melodic leads on the songs that he wrote, such as \"Electric Red\" and \"Pravus\".\nIn addition to this, he has contributed lyrics to some of the band's later releases, co-writing Catch 33 with Meshuggah drummer Tomas Haake and penning the entirety of the words for their abstract EP I. Hagstr\u00f6m and Haake have been playing music together since they were nine years old.\nHagstr\u00f6m, along with Thordendal, was rated #35 by Guitar World in their top 100 of the greatest heavy metal guitarists of all time.", "Q451470": "Bertha \"Chippie\" Hill (March 15, 1905 \u2013 May 7, 1950), was an American blues and vaudeville singer and dancer, best known for her recordings with Louis Armstrong.", "Q33946": "Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (; Czech and Slovak: \u010ceskoslovensko, \u010cesko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993.\nFrom 1939 to 1945, following its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, the state did not de facto exist but its government-in-exile continued to operate.\nFrom 1948 to 1990, Czechoslovakia was part of the Eastern Bloc with a command economy. Its economic status was formalized in membership of Comecon from 1949 and its defense status in the Warsaw Pact of May 1955. A period of political liberalization in 1968, known as the Prague Spring, was forcibly ended when the Soviet Union, assisted by several other Warsaw Pact countries, invaded Czechoslovakia. In 1989, as Marxist\u2013Leninist governments and socialism were ending all over Europe, Czechoslovaks peacefully deposed their government in the Velvet Revolution; state price controls were removed after a period of preparation. In 1993, Czechoslovakia split into the two sovereign states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.", "Q12750": "Josep Puig i Cadafalch (Catalan: [\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bp \u02c8put\u0283]; Matar\u00f3, 17 October 1867 \u2013 Barcelona, 21 December 1956) was a Catalan Spanish Modernista architect who designed many significant buildings in Barcelona, and a politician who had a significant role in the development of Catalan institutions. He was the architect of the Casa Mart\u00ed (also known as \"Els Quatre Gats\"), which became a place of ideas, projects and social gatherings for such well-known Catalans as Santiago Rusi\u00f1ol and Ramon Casas.\nAlthough Puig's style separated him significantly from his contemporary Gaud\u00ed, their relations were neither tense nor problematic, as demonstrated by the participation of both architects in the construction of the Cafe Torino. Another of his significant buildings was the Casa Terrades (also known as \"les Punxes\"), which is known for its medieval castle style from the north of Europe.\nPuig was actively involved in politics. He was a Barcelona City Councillor from 1901 to 1903, served in the Spanish Parliament from 1907 to 1910 and was the second president of the Commonwealth of Catalonia from 1917 to 1924. From 1942 to his death in 1956, he was the president of the academic institution of the Catalan language, the Institut d'Estudis Catalans.\nHe was also a great defender of Catalan culture and history which he hoped to see fully restored. He published studies of language, legal order and political organisation in the 11th-12th centuries. Amongst his important legacies is also the documentation and photographing of the culturally important buildings and art works the Vall d'Aran and Alta Ribagor\u00e7a (including the Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Bo\u00ed) during an expedition sponsored by the Institute for Catalan Studies in 1907.", "Q161036": "The Free State of Prussia (German: Freistaat Preu\u00dfen) was a state of Germany from 1918 to 1947.\nThe Free State of Prussia was established in 1918 following the German Revolution, abolishing the German Empire and founding the Weimar Republic in the aftermath of the First World War. The new state was a direct successor to the Kingdom of Prussia, but featured a democratic, republican government and smaller area based on territorial changes after the war. Despite bearing the brunt of Germany's territorial losses in Europe, Prussia remained the dominant state of Germany, comprising almost \u200b5\u20448 (62.5%) of the country's territory and population, and home to the federal capital, Berlin. Prussia changed from the authoritarian state it had been under previous rulers to a democratic bastion within the Weimar Republic where, unlike in other states, democratic parties always ruled in majority.\nThe Free State of Prussia's democratic government was overthrown in the Preu\u00dfenschlag in 1932, placing the state under direct rule in a coup d'\u00e9tat led by Chancellor Franz von Papen and forcing Minister-President Otto Braun from office. The establishment of Nazi Germany in 1933 began the Gleichschaltung process, ending legal challenges to the Preu\u00dfenschlag and placing Prussia under the direct rule of the National Socialist German Workers' Party, with Hermann G\u00f6ring as Minister-President. In 1934, all German states were de facto replaced by the Gaue system and converted to rudimentary bodies, effectively ending Prussia as a single territorial unit of Germany. After the end of World War II in 1945, Otto Braun approached Allied officials in occupied Germany to reinstate the legal Prussian government, but was rejected and Prussia was abolished in 1947.", "Q824314": "Philippe Camus (born 28 June 1948) is a French businessman. He serves as the non-executive Chairman of the Board of Alcatel-Lucent.", "Q6780557": "Mary Quintard Govan Steele (May 8, 1922 \u2013 July 6, 1992) was a noted American author and naturalist. She wrote over twenty books: some adult-style, but mostly children's books. One of her books, Journey Outside, was a Newbery Honor Book. Steele sometimes wrote under the names Wilson Gage and J. N. Darby.", "Q659080": "The University of Bern (German: Universit\u00e4t Bern, French: Universit\u00e9 de Berne, Latin: Universitas Bernensis) is a university in the Swiss capital of Bern and was founded in 1834. It is regulated and financed by the Canton of Bern. It is a comprehensive university offering a broad choice of courses and programs in eight faculties and some 150 institutes. With around 18,019 students, the University of Bern is the third biggest University in Switzerland.", "Q919081": "Robert Ezra Park (February 14, 1864 \u2013 February 7, 1944) was an American urban sociologist who is considered to be one of the most influential figures in early U.S. sociology. Park was a pioneer in the field of sociology, changing it from a passive philosophical discipline to an active discipline rooted in the study of human behavior. He made significant contributions to the study of urban communities, race relations and the development of empirically grounded research methods, most notably participant observation. From 1905 to 1914, Park worked with Booker T. Washington at the Tuskegee Institute. After Tuskegee, he taught at the University of Chicago from 1914 to 1933, where he played a leading role in the development of the Chicago School of sociology. Park is noted for his work in human ecology, race relations, human migration, cultural assimilation, social movements, and social disorganization.\n\n", "Q587022": "\u00d6zge Ulusoy (born October 28, 1982) is a Turkish model, retired ballet dancer, and occasional film actress. She is best known for her appearance in the popular TV-series Arka Sokaklar from 2006 to 2009. As a model, she walked the runways for Hussein Chalayan, Mavi Jeans, Mudo, Herv\u00e9 L\u00e9ger, Balenciaga, Eva Gronbach, Guy Laroche, Emanuel Ungaro, Christian Dior, Marks & Spencer, Harvey Nichols, Mango, etc. She held the first runner-up title for the annual beauty pageant Miss Turkey in 2003. In 2002, Ulusoy finished third in Elite Model Management's Elite Model Look competition, took second place the following year in the Miss Turkey competition, and won the Miss Turkey Universe 2003 title before signing with U\u011furkan Erez Model Management in Istanbul. Since her debut, Ulusoy has been the face of a variety of advertising campaigns in Turkey.", "Q3132760": "Henry Dyer (23 August 1848 \u2013 25 September 1918) was a Scottish engineer who contributed much to founding Western-style technical education in Japan and Anglo-Japanese relations.", "Q96450": "Eduard Weiter (18 July 1889, Eschwege \u2013 2 May 1945, Itter) was a German bureaucrat who became a Schutzstaffel Obersturmbannf\u00fchrer and concentration camp commandant during World War II.\n\n", "Q909292": "Sonet Records is a jazz/pop record label operating as an imprint of Universal Music Sweden. It was founded in Sweden in 1956.\nSonet Records was established by Sven Lindholm and Gunnar Bergstr\u00f6m, who managed the label into the 1980s. Dag Haeggqvist, the owner of Gazell Records, became an executive of the label in 1960, and Sonet eventually acquired Gazell's catalogue. The label set up offices throughout Europe and expanded into film, video, and other visual arts in addition to music. It acquired the Danish label Storyville Records at some point. The label released both new material and reissues, many by Scandinavian artists in addition to albums by American jazz musicians and some non-jazz material such as pop and rock music. It was distributed by Pickwick Records in North America in the 1960s, where it was involved in releasing some of Bill Haley's latter-day material, among other things.\nSonet Records was acquired by PolyGram in 1991.", "Q371289": "Al Pitrelli (born September 26, 1962) is an American guitarist, best known for his work with the Trans-Siberian Orchestra, Megadeth, Alice Cooper, Joe Lynn Turner, Asia and Savatage.", "Q666270": "Isaac Stephenson (June 18, 1829 \u2013 March 15, 1918) was an American politician of the Republican Party who represented Wisconsin as both a United States Representative and a United States Senator.\nHe was born in the community of Yorkton, near Fredericton in York County, New Brunswick (now Canada, but a British colony at the time). His parents were Isaac Stephenson (1791\u20131874), a lumberman and farmer born in Ireland of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and Elizabeth (Watson) Stephenson (?\u20131838), who was born in London.", "Q505753": "Brian D'Amato is an American author and sculptor.", "Q14321": "Adel Ferdosipour (Persian: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0648\u0631; born 3 October 1974), is an Iranian journalist, translator, university professor, football commentator and television show host and producer. He was the host and producer of the popular TV show Navad.\nHe is the host and producer of the popular TV show FOOTBALL 120.\n\n", "Q46329": "Prince Stanis\u0142aw Poniatowski (November 23, 1754 \u2013 February 13, 1833) was a Polish nobleman, politician, diplomat, a member of the wealthy Poniatowski family and a nephew of the last king of Poland, Stanis\u0142aw II Augustus. He was the official Commander of the Royal Foot Guards regiment directly responsible for the monarch's life as well as the Grand Treasurer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1784\u20131791) and Governor of Stryj, which made him a key figure in Poland during the Age of Enlightenment.", "Q85362": "Maria Theresia Fekter is an Austrian politician (\u00d6VP) and was the Austrian Minister of Finance between 2011 and 2013. Before that, she was Minister of the Interior.On 27 June 2008, it was announced by her party that she was to be appointed as the new Interior Minister in the Gusenbauer cabinet, following G\u00fcnther Platter, who became the new Governor of Tyrol. During her career as Interior Minister, she became known as a hardliner, especially when it came to immigration and asylum policies, earning her the unofficial title of an Austrian \"Iron Lady\".\nBecause her family made a fortune producing gravel Fekter is often referred to as \"Schottermitzi\" (roughly translates to \"Gravel Mary\"; 'Mitzi' is the colloquial nickname form of Mary in Viennese dialect).", "Q323281": "Camillo-Guarino Guarini (17 January 1624 \u2013 6 March 1683) was an Italian architect of the Piedmontese Baroque, active in Turin as well as Sicily, France, and Portugal. He was a Theatine priest, mathematician, and writer.", "Q181854": "Lappeenranta (Swedish: Villmanstrand) is a city and municipality situated on the shore of the lake Saimaa in southeastern Finland, about 30 kilometres (19 miles) from the Russian border. It belongs to the region of South Karelia. With approximately 73,000 inhabitants (31 January 2019) Lappeenranta is the 13th largest city in Finland, after incorporating the previous municipalities of Lappee and Lauritsala in 1967, Nuijamaa in 1989, Joutseno in 2009, and Yl\u00e4maa in 2010. \nLappeenranta is known as an international university city in Finland with Lappeenranta University of Technology and Saimaa University of Applied Sciences which together have approximately 13,000 students from 68 countries. Lappeenranta is also a commercial centre of South-East Finland and the meeting point of the EU and Russia, 215 km from both Helsinki and St. Petersburg. Location on the southern shore of Lake Saimaa makes the city the region's centre for tourism. Lappeenranta is the second most visited city by Russian tourists in Finland after Helsinki and it competes with Helsinki for the largest share of tax-free sales in Finland. Lappeenranta is a model for renewable energies and a clean living environment. Lappeenranta was the only Finnish city among the 14 finalists in the international Earth Hour City Challenge 2014, organized by WWF.\n\n", "Q132320": "Elmer Swenson (12 December 1913 \u2013 24 December 2004) was a pioneering grape breeder who introduced a number of new cultivars, effectively revolutionizing grape growing in the Upper Midwest of the United States and other cold and short-seasoned regions.", "Q180592": "Social philosophy is the study of questions about social behavior and interpretations of society and social institutions in terms of ethical values rather than empirical relations. Social philosophers place new emphasis on understanding the social contexts for political, legal, moral, and cultural questions, and to the development of novel theoretical frameworks, from social ontology to care ethics to cosmopolitan theories of democracy, human rights, gender equity and global justice.", "Q892930": "Miguel Brasc\u00f3 (14 September 1926 \u2013 10 May 2014) was an Argentine writer, poet and translator, humorist, cartoonist, editor, critic who is a specialist in wine and gourmet food. From Sastre, Santa Fe, he was also a lawyer and journalist of long standing, and a keen observer of Argentine affairs.", "Q5451": "The Himalayas, or Himalaya (), (Sanskrit: him\u00e1 (\u0939\u093f\u092e, \"snow\") and \u0101-laya (\u0906\u0932\u092f, \"receptacle, dwelling\")), is a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has many of Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest (Nepal/China). The Himalayas include over fifty mountains exceeding 7,200 m (23,600 ft) in elevation, including ten of the fourteen 8,000-metre peaks. By contrast, the highest peak outside Asia (Aconcagua, in the Andes) is 6,961 m (22,838 ft) tall.Lifted by the subduction of the Indian tectonic plate under the Eurasian Plate, the Himalayan mountain range runs west-northwest to east-southeast in an arc 2,400 km (1,500 mi) long. Its western anchor, Nanga Parbat, lies just south of the northernmost bend of the Indus river. Its eastern anchor, Namcha Barwa, is just west of the great bend of the Yarlung Tsangpo River (upper stream of the Brahmaputra River). The Himalayan range is bordered on the northwest by the Karakoram and the Hindu Kush ranges. To the north, the chain is separated from the Tibetan Plateau by a 50\u201360 km (31\u201337 mi) wide tectonic valley called the Indus-Tsangpo Suture. Towards the south the arc of the Himalaya is ringed by the very low Indo-Gangetic Plain. The range varies in width from 350 km (220 mi) in the west (Pakistan) to 150 km (93 mi) in the east (Arunachal Pradesh). The Himalayas are distinct from the other great ranges of central Asia, although sometimes the term 'Himalaya' (or 'Greater Himalayas') is loosely used to include the Karakoram and some of the other ranges.\nThe Himalayas are inhabited by 52.7 million people, and are spread across five countries: Bhutan, China, India, Nepal and Pakistan. The Hindu Kush range in Afghanistan and Hkakabo Razi in Myanmar are normally not included, but they are both (with the addition of Bangladesh) part of the greater Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) river system; some of the world's major rivers \u2013 the Indus, the Ganges and the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra \u2013 rise in the Himalayas, and their combined drainage basin is home to roughly 600 million people. The Himalayas have a profound effect on the climate of the region, helping to keep the monsoon rains on the Indian plain and limiting rainfall on the Tibetan plateau. The Himalayas have profoundly shaped the cultures of the Indian subcontinent, with many Himalayan peaks considered sacred in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Q602912": "Antonio Narciso Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta (Spanish: [an\u02c8tonjo \u02c8luna]; October 29, 1866 \u2013 June 5, 1899) was a Filipino army general who fought in the Philippine\u2013American War.\nRegarded as one of the fiercest generals of his time, he succeeded Artemio Ricarte as the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. He sought to apply his background in military science to the fledgling army. A sharpshooter himself, he organized professional guerrilla soldiers later called the \"Luna Sharpshooters\" and the \"Black Guard\". His three-tier defense, now known as the Luna Defense Line, gave the American troops a hard campaign in the provinces north of Manila. This defense line culminated in the creation of a military base in the Cordillera.Despite his commitment to discipline the army and serve the Republic which attracted the admiration of people, his temper caused some to abhor him, including people from Aguinaldo's Cabinet. His efforts were not without recognition during his time, for he was awarded the Philippine Republic Medal in 1899. He was also a member of the Malolos Congress. Besides his military studies, Luna also studied pharmacy, literature and chemistry.\n\n", "Q4473550": "Miguel Alem\u00e1n Velasco (born March 18, 1932 in Veracruz) is a Mexican politician, businessman and philanthropist. He is a former senator and governor of Veracruz. Alem\u00e1n Velasco is the son of former Mexican president Miguel Alem\u00e1n Vald\u00e9s (1946\u201352), the first candidate to run for the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party and first civilian president in the modern era, and Beatriz Velasco Mendoza. Alem\u00e1n Velasco has been active in both the public and private sectors.", "Q57224": "Sophia of Hanover (born Sophia of the Palatinate; 14 October 1630 \u2013 8 June 1714) was the heir presumptive to the thrones of England (later Great Britain) and Ireland under the Act of Settlement 1701. She died less than two months before she would have become queen. Consequently, it was her son George I who succeeded her first cousin once removed, Anne.\nBorn to Frederick V of the Palatinate, a member of the House of Wittelsbach, and Elizabeth Stuart, in 1630, Sophia grew up in the Dutch Republic, where her family had sought refuge after the sequestration of their Electorate during the Thirty Years' War. Sophia's brother Charles Louis was restored to the Lower Palatinate as part of the Peace of Westphalia. Sophia married Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg in 1658. Despite his jealous temper and frequent absences, Sophia loved him, and bore him seven children who survived to adulthood. Initially a landless cadet, Ernest Augustus succeeded in having the House of Hanover raised to electoral dignity in 1692. Therefore, Sophia became Electress of Hanover, the title by which she is best remembered. A patron of the arts, Sophia commissioned the palace and gardens of Herrenhausen and sponsored philosophers, such as Gottfried Leibniz and John Toland.\n\n", "Q48304": "The Pogues were an English Celtic punk band fronted by Shane MacGowan and others, founded in Kings Cross, London in 1982, as \"Pogue Mahone\" \u2013 the anglicisation of the Irish Gaelic p\u00f3g mo th\u00f3in, meaning \"kiss my arse\". The band reached international prominence in the 1980s and early 1990s, recording several hit albums and singles. MacGowan left the band in 1991 due to drinking problems, but the band continued \u2013 first with Joe Strummer and then with Spider Stacy on vocals \u2013 before breaking up in 1996. The Pogues re-formed in late 2001, and played regularly across the UK and Ireland and on the US East Coast, until dissolving again in 2014. The group did not record any new material during this second incarnation.\nTheir politically-tinged music was informed by MacGowan and Stacy's punk backgrounds,\nyet used traditional Irish instruments such as the tin whistle, banjo, cittern, mandolin and accordion.", "Q1351360": "Eric Jacobsen (born July 16, 1982 in Long Island, New York) is an American conductor and cellist. He is currently a member of Brooklyn Rider, The Knights, and the Silk Road Project, and is the Music Director of the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra, Principal Conductor of the Greater Bridgeport Symphony, and an artistic partner of the Northwest Sinfonietta.", "Q1190590": "Encino is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California.", "Q2731333": "General Sir John Monash, (; 27 June 1865 \u2013 8 October 1931) was a civil engineer and an Australian military commander of the First World War. He commanded the 13th Infantry Brigade before the war and then, shortly after its outbreak, became commander of the 4th Brigade in Egypt, with whom he took part in the Gallipoli campaign. In July 1916 he took charge of the newly raised 3rd Division in northwestern France and in May 1918 became commander of the Australian Corps, at the time the largest corps on the Western Front. The successful allied attack at the Battle of Amiens on 8 August 1918 was planned by Monash and spearheaded by British forces including the Australian and Canadian Corps under Monash and Arthur Currie. Monash is considered one of the best allied generals of the First World War and the most famous commander in Australian history.", "Q90009": "Heinz Politzer (December 31, 1910 \u2013 July 30, 1978) was an internationally recognized academic and author. As a young man he was forced to flee Nazism first to Palestine and then to the United States, where he taught German language and literature as a professor at the Bryn Mawr College, Oberlin College, and the University of California, Berkeley. He was a literary scholar, published poet, and prominent editor, particularly of Franz Kafka. As a close associate of Kafka's prot\u00e9g\u00e9, Max Brod, Politzer coedited with Brod the first complete collection of Kafka's works in eight volumes, published initially by the Schocken publishing house of Berlin during the early years of the Nazi dictatorship and subsequently by the successor firm Schocken Books in New York.\n\n", "Q166771": "Jizhou (Chinese: \u5180\u5dde), formerly Ji County (\u5180\u53bf), is a district in Hengshui, Hebei Province, China. It shares its name with a province of old, Jizhou or Ji Province, which covered parts of modern-day Hebei, Henan, and Shandong Provinces.", "Q235391": "Mar\u00eda Isabel Verd\u00fa Roll\u00e1n (born 2 October 1970), better known as Maribel Verd\u00fa (Spanish pronunciation: [ma\u027ei\u02c8\u03b2el \u03b2e\u027e\u02c8\u00f0u]) is a Spanish actress. She played Luisa in Alfonso Cuar\u00f3n's 2001 film Y tu mam\u00e1 tambi\u00e9n and Mercedes in Guillermo del Toro's 2006 film Pan's Labyrinth. She has also appeared in Lovers (Amantes), Belle \u00c9poque, The Blind Sunflowers (Los girasoles ciegos) and Blancanieves.", "Q176562": "Elisha Peyre Ferry (August 9, 1825 \u2013 October 14, 1895) was the first Governor of the U.S. State of Washington. Ferry was a Republican lawyer who had twice been Governor of Washington Territory, the only one to serve two terms. On Washington's admission as a state on November 11, 1889, he became its inaugural governor, serving one term, stepping down in 1893 because of failing health.", "Q96478": "Hans-Dieter Kronzucker (born April 22, 1936) is a German journalist and television presenter.", "Q126355": "John Stephen French (born 29 September 1948) is an American drummer. He played on Captain Beefheart's Trout Mask Replica album and several other Beefheart recordings. Beefheart gave him the nickname \"Drumbo\".", "Q64836": "Wilhelm Br\u00fcckner (11 December 1884 \u2013 18 August 1954) was Adolf Hitler's chief adjutant until October 1940. Thereafter, Br\u00fcckner joined the Heer (army), becoming an Oberst (colonel) by war's end. He died in August 1954 in Herbsdorf, Upper Bavaria.\n\n", "Q203623": "M\u00e1rio Raul de Morais Andrade (October 9, 1893 \u2013 February 25, 1945) was a Brazilian poet, novelist, musicologist, art historian and critic, and photographer. One of the founders of Brazilian modernism, he virtually created modern Brazilian poetry with the publication of his Paulic\u00e9ia Desvairada (Hallucinated City) in 1922. He has had an enormous influence on modern Brazilian literature, and as a scholar and essayist\u2014he was a pioneer of the field of ethnomusicology\u2014his influence has reached far beyond Brazil.Andrade was the central figure in the avant-garde movement of S\u00e3o Paulo for twenty years. Trained as a musician and best known as a poet and novelist, Andrade was personally involved in virtually every discipline that was connected with S\u00e3o Paulo modernism, and became Brazil's national polymath. His photography and essays on a wide variety of subjects, from history to literature and music, were widely published. He was the driving force behind the Week of Modern Art, the 1922 event that reshaped both literature and the visual arts in Brazil, and a member of the avant-garde \"Group of Five.\" The ideas behind the Week were further explored in the preface to his poetry collection Pauliceia Desvairada, and in the poems themselves.\nAfter working as a music professor and newspaper columnist he published his great novel, Macuna\u00edma, in 1928. Work on Brazilian folk music, poetry, and other concerns followed unevenly, often interrupted by Andrade's shifting relationship with the Brazilian government. At the end of his life, he became the founding director of S\u00e3o Paulo's Department of Culture, formalizing a role he had long held as the catalyst of the city's\u2014and the nation's\u2014entry into artistic modernity.", "Q55433": "Michelangelo Antonioni (, Italian: [mike\u02c8land\u0292elo anto\u02c8njo\u02d0ni]; 29 September 1912 \u2013 30 July 2007), was an Italian film director, screenwriter, editor, painter, and short story author. He is best known for his \"trilogy on modernity and its discontents\" \u2014 L'Avventura (1960), La Notte (1961), and L'Eclisse (1962)\u2014as well as the English-language films Blowup (1966) and The Passenger (1975). His films have been described as \"enigmatic and intricate mood pieces\" that feature elusive plots, striking visuals, and a preoccupation with modern landscapes. His work would substantially influence subsequent art films.Antonioni received numerous awards and nominations throughout his career, including the Cannes Film Festival Jury Prize (1960, 1962), Palme d'Or (1966), and 35th Anniversary Prize (1982); the Venice Film Festival Silver Lion (1955), Golden Lion (1964), FIPRESCI Prize (1964, 1995), and Pietro Bianchi Award (1998); the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists Silver Ribbon eight times; and an honorary Academy Award in 1995. He is one of three directors to have won the Palme d'Or, the Golden Lion and the Golden Bear, and the only director to have won these three and the Golden Leopard.", "Q457029": "Ivan Ili\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0418\u043b\u0438\u045b; born August 14, 1978) is a Serbian-American pianist. He lives in Paris.\n\n", "Q213430": "Larry King (born Lawrence Harvey Zeiger, November 19, 1933) is an American television and radio host, whose work has been recognized with awards including two Peabodys, an Emmy award, and 10 Cable ACE Awards.\nKing began as a local Florida journalist and radio interviewer in the 1950s and 1960s and gained prominence beginning in 1978 as host of The Larry King Show, an all-night nationwide call-in radio program heard on the Mutual Broadcasting System. From 1985 to 2010, he hosted the nightly interview television program Larry King Live on CNN. He currently hosts Larry King Now on Hulu and RT America during the week, and on Thursdays he hosts Politicking with Larry King, a weekly political talk show which airs in the evening on the same two channels.\n\n", "Q8575586": "The Umayyad Caliphate (661\u2013750 CE; UK: , US: ; Arabic: \u0671\u0644\u0652\u062e\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064e\u0629 \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u200e, romanized: al-Khil\u0101fah al-\u02beUmaw\u012byah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0648\u0646\u200e, al-\u02beUmaw\u012by\u016bn, or \u0628\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648 \u0623\u064f\u0645\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629, Ban\u016b \u02beUmayyah, \"Sons of Umayyah\"). The third Caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644\u2013656), was a member of the Umayyad clan. The family established dynastic, hereditary rule with Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, long-time governor of Syria, who became the sixth Caliph after the end of the First Muslim Civil War in 661. After Mu'awiyah's death in 680, conflicts over the succession resulted in a Second Civil War and power eventually fell into the hands of Marwan I from another branch of the clan. Syria remained the Umayyads' main power base thereafter, and Damascus was their capital.\nThe Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, incorporating the Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) into the Muslim world. At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 11,100,000 km2 (4,300,000 sq mi) and 33 million people, making it one of the largest empires in history in both area and proportion of the world's population. The dynasty was eventually overthrown by a rebellion led by the Abbasids in 750. Survivors of the dynasty established themselves in Cordoba which, in the form of an Emirate and then a Caliphate, became a world centre of science, medicine, philosophy and invention, ushering in the period of the Golden Age of Islam.\nThe Umayyad caliphate ruled over a vast multiethnic and multicultural population. Christians, who still constituted a majority of the Caliphate's population, and Jews were allowed to practice their own religion but had to pay a head tax (the jizya) from which Muslims were exempt. There was, however, the Muslim-only zakat tax, which was earmarked explicitly for various welfare programmes. Prominent positions were held by Christians, some of whom belonged to families that had served in Byzantine governments. The employment of Christians was part of a broader policy of religious accommodation that was necessitated by the presence of large Christian populations in the conquered provinces, as in Syria. This policy also boosted Muawiya's popularity and solidified Syria as his power base.", "Q351171": "Trevor Ryan Lissauer (born October 29, 1973) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for his role as Miles Goodman in the sitcom Sabrina, the Teenage Witch.\n\n", "Q4205845": "Ralph Yirikian (Armenian: \u054c\u0561\u056c\u0586 \u0545\u056b\u0580\u056b\u056f\u0575\u0561\u0576) is the General Manager of VivaCell-MTS (MTS Armenia CJSC), a 2005 startup which became Armenia's leading telecommunications operator and one of the top taxpayers.", "Q65296": "Luzein is a Swiss village in the Pr\u00e4ttigau and a municipality in the political district Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q1048851": "Yeshiva University is a private research university with four campuses in New York City. The university's undergraduate schools \u2014 Yeshiva College, Stern College for Women, and Syms School of Business \u2014 offer a dual curriculum inspired by Modern-Centrist-Orthodox Judaism's hashkafa (philosophy) of Torah Umadda (\"Torah and secular knowledge\"), combining academic education with the study of the Torah. While the majority of students at the university are of the Jewish faith, many students, especially at the Cardozo School of Law, the School of Business, the Graduate School of Psychology, and the Medical School, are not Jewish.\nYeshiva University is an independent institution chartered by New York State. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education and by several professional agencies. It is classified among \"R-2: Doctoral Universities \u2013 High Research Activity\".\n\n", "Q369388": "House of Flying Daggers (Chinese: \u5341\u9762\u57cb\u4f0f) is a 2004 wuxia romance film directed by Zhang Yimou and starring Andy Lau, Zhang Ziyi and Takeshi Kaneshiro. Unlike other wuxia films, it is more of a love story than purely a martial arts film.\nThe film opened in limited release within the United States on 3 December 2004, in New York City and Los Angeles, and opened on additional screens throughout the country two weeks later. The film grossed $11,050,094 in United States box office, and then went on to significantly overperform in home video market in the United States.The film was chosen as China's entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film for the year 2004, but was not nominated in that category; however, it received a nomination for the 2004's Academy Award for Best Cinematography.", "Q1151": "Louis-Hector Berlioz (11 December 1803 \u2013 8 March 1869) was a French Romantic composer. His output includes orchestral works such as the Symphonie fantastique and Harold in Italy, choral pieces including the Requiem and L'Enfance du Christ, his three operas Benvenuto Cellini, Les Troyens and B\u00e9atrice et B\u00e9n\u00e9dict, and works of hybrid genres such as the \"dramatic symphony\" Rom\u00e9o et Juliette and the \"dramatic legend\" La Damnation de Faust.\nThe elder son of a provincial doctor, Berlioz was expected to follow his father into medicine, and he attended a Parisian medical college before defying his family by taking up music as a profession. His independence of mind and refusal to follow traditional rules and formulas put him at odds with the conservative musical establishment of Paris. He briefly moderated his style sufficiently to win France's premier music prize, the Prix de Rome, in 1830 but he learned little from the academics of the Paris Conservatoire. Opinion was divided for many years between those who thought him an original genius and those who viewed his music as lacking in form and coherence.\nAt the age of twenty-two Berlioz fell in love with the Irish Shakespearean actress Harriet Smithson, and he pursued her obsessively until she finally accepted him seven years later. Their marriage was happy at first but eventually foundered. Harriet inspired his first major success, the Symphonie fantastique, in which an idealised depiction of her occurs throughout.\nBerlioz completed three operas, the first of which, Benvenuto Cellini, was an outright failure. The second, the huge epic Les Troyens (The Trojans), was so large in scale that it was never staged in its entirety during his lifetime. His last opera, B\u00e9atrice et B\u00e9n\u00e9dict \u2013 based on Shakespeare's comedy Much Ado About Nothing \u2013 was a success at its premiere but did not enter the regular operatic repertoire. Meeting only occasional success in France as a composer, Berlioz increasingly turned to conducting, in which he gained an international reputation. He was highly regarded in Germany, Britain and Russia both as a composer and as a conductor. To supplement his earnings he wrote musical journalism throughout much of his career; some of it has been preserved in book form, including his Treatise on Instrumentation (1844), which was influential in the 19th and 20th centuries. Berlioz died in Paris at the age of 65.", "Q45146": "Dominik Jaroslav Duka O.P. (born 26 April 1943) is a Czech cardinal, who is the 36th Archbishop of Prague and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He previously served as Bishop of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9.\n\n", "Q75085": "Hanna-Renate Laurien (15 April 1928 \u2013 12 March 2010) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).", "Q289268": "Linda Thorson (born Linda Robinson on 18 June 1947) is a Canadian actress, known for playing Tara King in The Avengers (1968\u201369).", "Q327781": "Samuel Ryder (24 March 1858 \u2013 2 January 1936) was an English businessman, entrepreneur, golf enthusiast, and golf promoter. He originated the idea of selling garden seeds in \"penny packets\" and built a very successful business on the concept.\nAt the age of 50 he became an enthusiastic golfer and then from 1923 to 1925 he, together with his brother James, started sponsoring a number of golf tournaments and matches mostly at his home club of Verulam near St Albans. From late 1925 he started employing Abe Mitchell as his private coach. In early 1926 the idea for a match between British and American professional golfers was proposed. Ryder became involved and sponsored the event. It had been his intention that the match would be the first Ryder Cup but it was later decided that the match would not be an official contest. The first official event did not take place until 1927 for which Ryder donated a gold trophy.", "Q598894": "James Carl Inkanish, Jr. (February 1, 1938 \u2013 November 1, 2008), known professionally as Jimmy Carl Black, was a drummer and vocalist for The Mothers of Invention.", "Q97000": "Frederick Mayer (11 August 1921, Frankfurt, Germany - 26 June 2006, Vienna, Austria) was an educational scientist and philosopher of the University of Redlands, California and one of the leading creativity experts. One of his most important aims was a global humanism. Until the very last days of his life he was active as an author. More than sixty books deal with creativity, education and humanism. Internationally recognized creativity researcher Frederick Mayer in Vienna died. Mayer was particularly affected by the quote \"Pride is not for him who loves his country, but for him who loves the whole world.\"", "Q98333": "Gerhard Pohl (16 August 1937 \u2013 30 May 2012) was a German politician and a member of the East German CDU. He served as Minister of Economics from April to August 1990, in the cabinet of Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re.\n\n", "Q72932": "Johann Viktor Bredt (2 March 1879 \u2013 1 December 1940) was a German jurist and politician. He served as Minister of Justice of the Weimar Republic in 1930/1.\n\n", "Q212048": "Gwyllyn Samuel Newton \"Glenn\" Ford (May 1, 1916 \u2013 August 30, 2006) was a Canadian-American actor whose career lasted more than 50 years. Although he played different types of roles in many genres of movies, Ford was best known for playing ordinary men in unusual circumstances. He was most prominent during Hollywood's Golden Age though he continued as one of the biggest box-office draws of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. Some of his most significant roles were in Gilda (1946) and The Big Heat (1953), both films noirs, and the high school angst film Blackboard Jungle (1955). However, it was for comedies or westerns which he received acting laurels, including three Golden Globe Nominations for Best Actor in a Comedy movie, winning for Pocketful of Miracles (1961). He also played a supporting role as Clark Kent's adoptive father in Superman (1978).\nFive of his films have been selected for the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically or aesthetically\" significant: Gilda (1946), The Big Heat (1953), Blackboard Jungle (1955), 3:10 to Yuma (1957) and Superman (1978).", "Q44258": "Basil of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great (Greek: \u1f0d\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2, \u00c1gios Bas\u00edleios o M\u00e9gas; Coptic: \u2ca0\u2c93\u2c81\u2c85\u2c93\u2c9f\u2ca5 \u2c82\u2c81\u2ca5\u2c93\u2c97\u2c93\u2c9f\u2ca5; 330 \u2013 January 1 or 2, 379), was the bishop of Caesarea Mazaca in Cappadocia, Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). He was an influential theologian who supported the Nicene Creed and opposed the heresies of the early Christian church, fighting against both Arianism and the followers of Apollinaris of Laodicea. His ability to balance his theological convictions with his political connections made Basil a powerful advocate for the Nicene position.\nIn addition to his work as a theologian, Basil was known for his care of the poor and underprivileged. Basil established guidelines for monastic life which focus on community life, liturgical prayer, and manual labor. Together with Pachomius, he is remembered as a father of communal monasticism in Eastern Christianity. He is considered a saint by the traditions of both Eastern and Western Christianity.\nBasil, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Gregory of Nyssa are collectively referred to as the Cappadocian Fathers. The Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches have given him, together with Gregory of Nazianzus and John Chrysostom, the title of Great Hierarch. He is recognized as a Doctor of the Church in the Roman Catholic Church. He is sometimes referred to by the epithet Ouranophantor (Greek: \u039f\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1), \"revealer of heavenly mysteries\".", "Q457997": "Eva Ulrika Jonsson (born 16 August 1967) is a United Kingdom-based Swedish television presenter and model. She became known as a TV-am weather presenter, moved on to present Gladiators, and became a team captain of the show Shooting Stars.", "Q1107834": "Cold Meat Industry was a Swedish independent record label established in 1987, which specialized in niche music genres such as dark ambient, death industrial, and neoclassical dark wave.", "Q559010": "Parchim (German: [\u02c8pa\u0281\u00e7\u026am] (listen)) is a town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is the capital of the Ludwigslust-Parchim district. It was the birthplace of Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, to whom a monument was erected in 1876.\nFounded about 1210, it was the seat of the short-lived Lordship of Parchim-Richenberg, a partition of the Duchy of Mecklenburg, from 1226 until 1248 when the lord relocated to Richenberg. Parchim was absorbed into the Lordship of Werle in 1255. In 1277 Werle was partitioned and Parchim became the seat of Werle-Parchim until it was reunited with Werle-G\u00fcstrow in 1307. One branch of the family of the duke of Mecklenburg resided in Parchim during part of the 14th century. It became a prosperous industrial town during the 16th century, but this prosperity was destroyed by the Thirty Years' War.\n\nTown hall", "Q79867": "Birmingham ( BUR-ming-ham) is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama. With an estimated 2018 population of 209,880, it is the most populous city in Alabama. Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County, Alabama's most populous and fifth largest county. As of 2018, the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 1,151,801, making it the most populous in Alabama and 49th-most populous in the United States. Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South, Piedmont, and Appalachian regions of the nation.\nBirmingham was founded in 1871, during the post\u2013Civil War Reconstruction era, through the merger of three farm towns, most notably Elyton. The new city was named for Birmingham, England, the United Kingdom's second largest city and then a major industrial city. The Alabama city annexed its smaller neighbors as it developed into a major industrial center based on mining, the iron and steel industry, and rail transport. Most of the original settlers were of English ancestry. The city was developed as a place where low paid, non-unionized immigrants (mainly Irish and Italian), along with African-Americans from rural Alabama, who worked in the city's steel mills and blast furnaces and gave it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities of the Midwest and Northeast.\n\nFrom its founding through the end of the 1960s, Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the southern United States. Its rapid growth from 1881 through 1920 earned it the nicknames \"The Magic City\" and \"The Pittsburgh of the South\". Its major industries were iron and steel production. Major components of the railroad industry, including rails and railroad cars, were made in Birmingham. The two primary hubs of railroading in the \"Deep South\" have been Birmingham and Atlanta. The economy began to diversify in the latter half of the twentieth century, as the steel mills began to shut down. Banking, telecommunications, transportation, electrical power transmission, medical care, college education, and insurance have become its major economic activities. Birmingham now ranks as one of the largest banking centers in the U.S. It is also one of the important business centers of the Southeast.\nIn higher education, Birmingham has been the location of the University of Alabama School of Medicine (formerly the Medical College of Alabama) and the University of Alabama School of Dentistry since 1947. In 1969, it gained the University of Alabama at Birmingham, one of three main campuses of the University of Alabama System. It is also home to three private institutions: Samford University, Birmingham-Southern College, and Miles College. The Birmingham area has major colleges of medicine, dentistry, optometry, occupational therapy, physical therapy, pharmacy, law, engineering, and nursing. The city has three of the state's five law schools: Cumberland School of Law, Birmingham School of Law, and Miles Law School. Birmingham is also the headquarters of the Southwestern Athletic Conference and the Southeastern Conference, one of the major U.S. collegiate athletic conferences.", "Q441": "Botany, also called plant science(s), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term \"botany\" comes from the Ancient Greek word \u03b2\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 (botan\u0113) meaning \"pasture\", \"grass\", or \"fodder\"; \u03b2\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 is in turn derived from \u03b2\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd (boskein), \"to feed\" or \"to graze\". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists (in the strict sense) study approximately 410,000 species of land plants of which some 391,000 species are vascular plants (including approximately 369,000 species of flowering plants), and approximately 20,000 are bryophytes.Botany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify \u2013 and later cultivate \u2013 edible, medicinal and poisonous plants, making it one of the oldest branches of science. Medieval physic gardens, often attached to monasteries, contained plants of medical importance. They were forerunners of the first botanical gardens attached to universities, founded from the 1540s onwards. One of the earliest was the Padua botanical garden. These gardens facilitated the academic study of plants. Efforts to catalogue and describe their collections were the beginnings of plant taxonomy, and led in 1753 to the binomial system of Carl Linnaeus that remains in use to this day.\nIn the 19th and 20th centuries, new techniques were developed for the study of plants, including methods of optical microscopy and live cell imaging, electron microscopy, analysis of chromosome number, plant chemistry and the structure and function of enzymes and other proteins. In the last two decades of the 20th century, botanists exploited the techniques of molecular genetic analysis, including genomics and proteomics and DNA sequences to classify plants more accurately.\nModern botany is a broad, multidisciplinary subject with inputs from most other areas of science and technology. Research topics include the study of plant structure, growth and differentiation, reproduction, biochemistry and primary metabolism, chemical products, development, diseases, evolutionary relationships, systematics, and plant taxonomy. Dominant themes in 21st century plant science are molecular genetics and epigenetics, which are the mechanisms and control of gene expression during differentiation of plant cells and tissues. Botanical research has diverse applications in providing staple foods, materials such as timber, oil, rubber, fibre and drugs, in modern horticulture, agriculture and forestry, plant propagation, breeding and genetic modification, in the synthesis of chemicals and raw materials for construction and energy production, in environmental management, and the maintenance of biodiversity.", "Q1337783": "John Fraser, FLS, F.R.H.S., (14 October 1750 \u2013 26 April 1811) was a Scottish botanist who collected plant specimens around the world, from North America and the West Indies to Russia and points between, with his primary career activity from 1780 to 1810. Fraser was a commissioned plant collector for Catherine, Czar of Russia in 1795, Paul I of Russia in 1798, and for the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna in 1806; he issued nursery catalogues c. 1790 and 1796, and had an important herbarium that was eventually sold to the Linnean Society.", "Q387537": "Doc, Hands of Steel (Spanish: Doc, manos de plata, Italian: L'uomo dalla pistola d'oro, also known as The Man Who Came to Kill and Man with the Golden Pistol) is a 1965 Spanish-Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by Alfonso Balc\u00e1zar.", "Q257514": "Body Snatchers is a 1993 American science fiction horror film directed by Abel Ferrara and starring Gabrielle Anwar, Billy Wirth, Terry Kinney, Meg Tilly, Christine Elise, R. Lee Ermey, and Forest Whitaker. It is loosely based on the 1955 novel The Body Snatchers by Jack Finney, with a screenplay by Nicholas St. John, Stuart Gordon, and Dennis Paoli.\nBody Snatchers is the third film adaptation of Finney's novel, the first being Invasion of the Body Snatchers in 1956, followed by a remake of the same name in 1978. The plot is centered around the discovery that people working at a military base in Alabama are being replaced by perfect physical imitations grown from plantlike pods. The duplicates are indistinguishable from normal people except for their utter lack of emotion.", "Q221482": "James Francis Thorpe (Sac and Fox (Sauk): Wa-Tho-Huk, translated as \"Bright Path\"; May 22 or 28, 1887 \u2013 March 28, 1953) was an American athlete and Olympic gold medalist. A member of the Sac and Fox Nation, Thorpe became the first Native American to win a gold medal for the United States. Considered one of the most versatile athletes of modern sports, he won Olympic gold medals in the 1912 pentathlon and decathlon, and played American football (collegiate and professional), professional baseball, and basketball. He lost his Olympic titles after it was found he had been paid for playing two seasons of semi-professional baseball before competing in the Olympics, thus violating the amateurism rules that were then in place. In 1983, 30 years after his death, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) restored his Olympic medals.\n\nThorpe grew up in the Sac and Fox Nation in Oklahoma, and attended Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he was a two-time All-American for the school's football team. After his Olympic success in 1912, which included a record score in the decathlon, he added a victory in the All-Around Championship of the Amateur Athletic Union. In 1913, Thorpe signed with the New York Giants, and he played six seasons in Major League Baseball between 1913 and 1919. Thorpe joined the Canton Bulldogs American football team in 1915, helping them win three professional championships; he later played for six teams in the National Football League (NFL). He played as part of several all-American Indian teams throughout his career, and barnstormed as a professional basketball player with a team composed entirely of American Indians.\nFrom 1920 to 1921, Thorpe was nominally the first president of the American Professional Football Association (APFA), which became the NFL in 1922. He played professional sports until age 41, the end of his sports career coinciding with the start of the Great Depression. He struggled to earn a living after that, working several odd jobs. He suffered from alcoholism, and lived his last years in failing health and poverty. He was married three times and had eight children, before suffering from heart failure and dying in 1953.\nThorpe has received various accolades for his athletic accomplishments. The Associated Press named him the \"greatest athlete\" from the first 50 years of the 20th century, and the Pro Football Hall of Fame inducted him as part of its inaugural class in 1963. A Pennsylvania town was named in his honor and a monument site there is the site of his remains, which were the subject of legal action. Thorpe appeared in several films and was portrayed by Burt Lancaster in the 1951 film Jim Thorpe \u2013 All-American.\n\n", "Q57542": "Filip Vujanovi\u0107 (Montenegrin Cyrillic: \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043f \u0412\u0443\u0458\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, pronounced [f\u00eelip \u028b\u01d4jan\u0254\u028bit\u0361\u0255]; born 1 September 1954) is a Montenegrin politician who served as the President of Montenegro from 2003 to 2018. He was the country's first president since its independence in June 2006. He claimed a landslide victory in the April 2008 presidential election, and he was narrowly re-elected in 2013.", "Q77692": "Natalia Avelon (born 29 March 1980 in Wroc\u0142aw, Poland) is a Polish-German actress and singer.", "Q4029": "Tara Lyn Strong (n\u00e9e Charendoff; born February 12, 1973) is a Canadian-American actress who has provided voice-over work for animation and video games and has performed in live-action. Her roles include animated series such as Rugrats, The Powerpuff Girls, The Fairly OddParents, Teen Titans, Xiaolin Showdown, Ben 10, Chowder, Wow Wow Wubbzy!, My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, Unikitty!, and DC Super Hero Girls and video games such as Mortal Kombat X, Jak and Daxter, Final Fantasy X and X-2 and Batman: Arkham. She has earned Annie Award and Daytime Emmy nominations and won an award from the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences.", "Q973270": "Tadeusz Do\u0142\u0119ga-Mostowicz (pronounced [ta\u02c8d\u025b.u\u0290 d\u0254\u02c8w\u025b\u014b\u0261a m\u0254\u02c8st\u0254vit\u0282]; 10 August 1898 \u2013 20 September 1939) was a Polish writer, journalist and author of over a dozen popular novels. One of his best known works, which in Poland became a byword for fortuitous careerism, was The Career of Nicodemus Dyzma (Polish: Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy, 1932). Literary historians believe that the book inspired the 1971 novel Being There by Jerzy Kosi\u0144ski who sparked considerable controversy in the West.", "Q5337": "Orenburg (Russian: \u041e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433, IPA: [\u0259r\u02b2\u026an\u02c8burk], Kazakh: \u041e\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0431\u043e\u0440, romanized: Orynbor) is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Ural River, 1,478 kilometers (918 mi) southeast of Moscow, on the boundary of Europe and Asia. Orenburg is also very close to the border with Kazakhstan. Population: 548,331 (2010 Census); 549,361 (2002 Census); 546,501\u2009(1989 Census).", "Q883183": "Michael David Fuller (December 18, 1949 \u2013 February 1, 1989), better known by his stage name Blaze Foley, was an American country music singer-songwriter, poet, and artist active in Austin, Texas.\n\n", "Q662758": "Fools Garden (until 2003 known as Fool's Garden) is a German musical group formed in 1991, initially named after Fool's Garden, an album recorded by Freudenthaler and Hinkel. Thomas Mangold, Roland R\u00f6hl and Ralf Wochele joined the band shortly afterwards and Once in a Blue Moon was released by the complete band in 1993.\nIn 1995, the band released Dish of the Day which gained popularity in Europe and Asia as it included \"Lemon Tree\", the band's most successful single to date, reaching #1 in Germany and other countries. Following the success of Dish of the Day, the band released three more albums, Go And Ask Peggy For The Principal Thing (1997), For Sale (2000) and 25 Miles to Kissimmee (2003) in their original line-up with little commercial success.\nFollowing 25 Miles to Kissimmee, original members Mangold, R\u00f6hl and Wochele left the band and were replaced by Dirk Bl\u00fcmlein (bassist), Claus M\u00fcller (drummer) and Gabriel Holz (second guitarist and backing vocals). To signify the change, the band decided to remove the apostrophe from the band name on their next album, Ready for the Real Life. Despite some critical acclaim, the band's next albums, Who Is Jo King? (2012) and Flashback (2015) also were commercial failures. After Flashback, M\u00fcller left the band and was replaced by Jan Hees with Thorsten Kiefer joining as a keyboarder. The band's latest album, Rise and Fall, was released 20 April 2018.\nThe band's musical style ranges from britpop and pop rock, inspired by bands such as The Beatles and The Who, to baroque pop and electronic pop.", "Q103843": "Wolfgang Schwenke (22 March 1921, Ro\u00dflau -3 May 2006, F\u00fcrstenfeldbruck) was a German zoologist and entomologist.", "Q727576": "Pierre Gaxotte (19 November 1895 \u2013 21 November 1982) was a French historian.\nGaxotte was born in Revigny-sur-Ornain, Meuse. He began his career as a history teacher at the Lyc\u00e9e Charlemagne and later worked as a columnist for Le Figaro. Over the course of his life he authored numerous historical studies, and was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1953.He is famous for his critical vision of the French Revolution, notably in The French Revolution (1928), and for his rehabilitation of the French 18th century (Louis XV's Century, 1933). He is also known as a far-right-wing journalist of the Entre-deux-Guerres period, with links to the Action fran\u00e7aise and the newspaper Je suis partout.", "Q92178": "Werner von Bolton (8 April 1868 \u2013 28 October 1912) was a German chemist and materials scientist. He devised a technique for producing filaments for incandescent light bulb made out of tantalum in 1902.", "Q51133": "King Wallis Vidor (; February 8, 1894 \u2013 November 1, 1982) was an American film director, film producer, and screenwriter whose career spanned nearly seven decades. In 1979, he was awarded an Honorary Academy Award for his \"incomparable achievements as a cinematic creator and innovator.\" He was nominated five times for a Best Director Oscar, and won eight international film awards during his career. Vidor's best known films include The Big Parade (1925), The Crowd (1928), Stella Dallas (1937), and Duel in the Sun (1946). Contrary to common belief, he is not related to fellow director Charles Vidor.\n\n", "Q728645": "Bernard Tapie (French pronunciation: \u200b[b\u025b\u0281na\u0281 tapi]; born 26 January 1943) is a French businessman, politician and occasional actor, singer, and TV host. He was Minister of City Affairs in the government of Pierre B\u00e9r\u00e9govoy.", "Q386629": "Billy Warlock (born March 26, 1961) is an American actor best known for playing Eddie Kramer, a lifeguard on the first three seasons of Baywatch and in the reunion movie in 2003, as well as for numerous daytime roles, most notably Frankie Brady on Days of Our Lives and A.J. Quartermaine on General Hospital.", "Q560691": "Alonzo Mathis (born January 27, 1982), better known by his stage name Gorilla Zoe (), is an American rapper best known for being a member of the rap group Boyz N Da Hood. His solo debut album Welcome to the Zoo came out in 2007. His next two albums, Don't Feed Da Animals and King Kong, were released in 2009 and 2011. In 2015, he released two mixtapes: Recovery and Raised in the Jungle. He has been an independent artist since 2018.", "Q1786817": "Memnock (born 2 February 1974, real name H\u00e5kon Didriksen) is a bassist best known for playing in the Norwegian Extreme Metal band Susperia. He has been playing bass since early 1990 and started with a cheap Cort. He then bought a Rickenbacker 4001 ATM(L) and had this for many years as his favorite instrument. He lives in the small village of Kviteseid.", "Q135329": "Ferdinand Friedrich Georg Ludwig Freiherr von Wrangel (Russian: \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c, tr. Ferdinand Petrovich Vrangel'; 9 January 1797 [O.S. 29 December 1796] \u2013 6 June [O.S. 25 May] 1870) was a Baltic German explorer and seaman in the Imperial Russian Navy, Honorable Member of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, a founder of the Russian Geographic Society. He is best known as chief manager of the Russian-American Company, in fact governor of the Russian settlements in present-day Alaska.\nIn English texts, Wrangel is sometimes spelled Vrangel, a transliteration from Russian, which more closely represents its pronunciation in German, or Wrangell.", "Q453529": "Louis II (5 October 1377 \u2013 29 April 1417) was Duke of Anjou and Count of Provence from 1384 to 1417; he claimed the Kingdom of Naples, but only ruled parts of the kingdom from 1390 to 1399. His father, Louis I of Anjou\u2014the founder of the House of Valois-Anjou\u2014was a younger son of King John II of France and the adopted son of Queen Joanna I of Naples. When his father died during a military campaign in Naples in 1384, Louis II was still a child. He inherited Anjou from his father, but his mother, Marie of Blois, could not convince his uncles, John, Duke of Berry and Philip II, Duke of Burgundy, to continue her husband's war for Naples. The Proven\u00e7al nobles and towns refused to acknowledge Louis II as their lawful ruler, but Marie of Blois persuaded them one after another to swear fealty to him between 1385 and 1387.\nHis cousin, King Charles VI of France decided to support Louis II's bid for Naples in 1389. After Antipope Clement VII crowned him king in Avignon on 1 November 1389, Louis II moved to Naples. His troops could not occupy the whole kingdom, thus it was practically divided between Louis II and his opponent, Ladislaus of Naples. The conflict between Clement VII's successor, Antipope Benedict XIII, and France weakened Louis' position and Ladislaus forced him to leave Naples for Provence in 1399.\n\n", "Q186691": "Oleg Vladimirovich Blokhin, or Oleh Volodymyrovych Blokhin (Ukrainian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0456\u0301\u043d, Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0301\u043d; born 5 November 1952) is a former Ukrainian football player and manager. Blokhin was formerly a standout striker for Dynamo Kyiv and the Soviet Union.\nHe holds the all-time top goalscorer record for both Dynamo Kyiv (266 goals) and the Soviet Union national team (42 goals), as well as being the overall top goalscorer in the history of the Soviet Top League (211 goals). He is also the only player to have been capped over 100 times for the Soviet Union and holds Dynamo's appearance record with 582 appearances during his 18-year spell at the club. With Dynamo, Blokhin won eight Soviet league titles, five national cups and two European Cup Winners' Cups. He also competed for the Soviet Union at the 1972 and 1976 Olympic Games and 1982 and 1986 FIFA World Cups. During his playing career he won the Soviet Footballer of the Year award three times and the Ukrainian Footballer of the Year award nine times (both records). In 1975, he was named European Footballer of the Year, winning the Ballon d'Or, becoming the second Soviet and the first Ukrainian player to achieve such a feat.\nAs a coach, he has had two spells in charge of the Ukrainian national team, managing the team at the 2006 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2012.\nIn 2011, Blokhin, together with Igor Belanov and Vitaliy Starukhin were named as \"the legends of Ukrainian football\" at the Victory of Football awards.", "Q3418424": "Ramdane Touhami (born 23 September 1974 in Montauban, France) is a French-Moroccan artist, fashion designer, product designer, DJ, business man and journalist.Often called \" a multi-disciplinary and polymath entrepreneur \" by the international press, he has created different companies in the fashion, art, PR, and beauty industry since the early 90s.\nAmong the projects he has worked on, he counts with two ready-to-wear brands, \" R\u00e9sistance \", \" RT \" and \" L\u2019African\", a restaurant based in Tangier, Morocco.\nHe is also known for revamping the world's oldest wax manufacture Cire Trudon.Alongside his wife Victoire de Taillac, he is behind the Parisian 19th-century beauty brand, l\u2019Officine Universelle Buly.", "Q643782": "New German Cinema (German: Neuer Deutscher Film) is a period in German cinema which lasted from 1962 to 1982. It saw the emergence of a new generation of directors. Working with low budgets, and influenced by the French New Wave, such directors as Harun Farocki, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Werner Herzog, Alexander Kluge, Ulli Lommel, Wolfgang Petersen, Volker Schl\u00f6ndorff, Helma Sanders-Brahms, Werner Schroeter, Hans-J\u00fcrgen Syberberg, Margarethe von Trotta and Wim Wenders made names for themselves and produced a number of \"small\" motion pictures that caught the attention of art house audiences, and enabled these directors (particularly Wenders, Petersen, and Schl\u00f6ndorff) to create better-financed productions which were backed by the big US studios. However, most of the films were commercial failures and the movement was heavily dependent on subsidies. By 1977, 80% of a budget for a typical German film was ensured by a subsidy.Most of the directors of the New German Cinema movement were members of their self-owned Filmverlag der Autoren association founded in 1971, which funded and distributed most of their films, and the history of New German Cinema from the 1970s onwards was largely identical with it.", "Q66953": "Georg Heinrich von G\u00f6rtz, Baron of Schlitz (1668 \u2013 19 February 1719), diplomat in Swedish service, was born in Holstein and educated at Jena.", "Q124230": "Paddington is an area within the City of Westminster, in central London, located in the West End of London. First a medieval parish then a metropolitan borough, it was integrated with Westminster and Greater London in 1965. Three important landmarks of the district are Paddington station, designed by the celebrated engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel and opened in 1847; St Mary's Hospital; and Paddington Green Police Station (the most important high-security police station in the United Kingdom).\nA major project called Paddington Waterside aims to regenerate former railway and canal land between 1998 and 2018, and the area is seeing many new developments. Offshoot districts (historically within Paddington) are Maida Vale, Westbourne and Bayswater including Lancaster Gate.", "Q500171": "Preetz (German pronunciation: [\u02c8p\u0281e\u02d0ts]) is a town southeast of Kiel in the district of Pl\u00f6n, in Schleswig-Holstein, Northern Germany. Preetz is also known as \"Schusterstadt\" (English: 'shoemaker town') because a lot of shoemakers used to live and work in this town. In Preetz are several lakes, called Postsee, Lanker See and in the centre a small one called Kirchsee. The river Schwentine is also going through Preetz.", "Q20906": "Felix von Leitner, nicknamed Fefe, is a German IT security expert living in Berlin. He is the main author of the dietlibc, a C standard library. His personal blog posts have received larger media coverage in Germany.", "Q1005945": "Silvio D'Amico (February 3, 1887 in Rome \u2013 April 1, 1955 in Rome) was an Italian theatre critic, journalist, and theorist of Italian theater. Not a Fascist himself, D'Amico was the major theater critic during the ventennio, the twenty years (1922-1945) of Fascist rule in Italy. He was the first editor of the nine volume Enciclopedia dello Spettacolo (Encyclopedia of Performing Arts), published between 1954 and 1965, that covered theater, music, cinema, and dance. Most notably, he held an eminent position in theatrical study in Italy, giving his name to the Silvio D'Amico National Academy of Dramatic Art in Rome, Italy's most prestigious drama school.\n\n", "Q1400412": "Federico Agostini (born 1959) is an Italian violinist renowned as a soloist, chamber musician and teacher.", "Q488339": "Rhyu Si-min (Korean: \uc720\uc2dc\ubbfc; born July 28, 1959) is a South Korean politician who served as the 44th Minister of Health and Welfare from February 2006 to May 2007. Before starting his political career since August 2002, he was a journalist of Dong-a Ilbo and The Hankyoreh, with having his continuous progressive and liberal attitudes. He was in the UNDP as an Assembly member (representative) for Deogyang A district, and is a graduate of Seoul National University with a degree in Economics, and master's from the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz in Economics. He resigned on May 22, 2007. He declared his presidential candidacy on August 18, 2007.He was selected by the liberal opposition parties to run for governor of Gyeonggi-do province on May 13, 2010 In December 2011, Rhyu merged his People's Participation Party into the Unified Progressive Party, of which he is one of the co-chairs.He announced his retirement from politics on February 19, 2013.\n\n", "Q708581": "Thomas Michael Disch (February 2, 1940 \u2013 July 4, 2008) was an American science fiction author and poet. He won the Hugo Award for Best Related Book \u2013 previously called \"Best Non-Fiction Book\" \u2013 in 1999, and he had two other Hugo nominations and nine Nebula Award nominations to his credit, plus one win of the John W. Campbell Memorial Award, a Rhysling Award, and two Seiun Awards, among others.\nIn the 1960s, his work began appearing in science-fiction magazines. His critically acclaimed science fiction novels, The Genocides, Camp Concentration and 334 are major contributions to the New Wave science fiction movement. In 1996, his book The Castle of Indolence: On Poetry, Poets, and Poetasters was nominated for the National Book Critics Circle Award, and in 1999, Disch won the Nonfiction Hugo for The Dreams Our Stuff Is Made Of, a meditation on the impact of science fiction on our culture, as well as the Michael Braude Award for Light Verse. Among his other nonfiction work, he wrote theatre and opera criticism for The New York Times, The Nation, and other periodicals. He published several volumes of poetry as Tom Disch.\nFollowing an extended period of depression following the death in 2005 of his life-partner, Charles Naylor, Disch stopped writing almost entirely, except for poetry and blog entries \u2013 although he did produce two novellas. Disch killed himself by gunshot on July 4, 2008 in his apartment in Manhattan, New York City. Naylor and Disch are buried alongside each other at Saint Johns Episcopal Church Columbarium, Dubuque, Iowa. His last book, The Word of God, which was written shortly before Naylor died, had just been published a few days before Disch's death.", "Q49768": "The Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD; [zo\u02c8tsi\u032fa\u02d0ldemo\u02cck\u0281a\u02d0t\u026a\u0283\u0259 pa\u0281\u02ccta\u026a \u02c8d\u0254\u028ft\u0283lants]) is a social-democratic political party in Germany.\nLed by Saskia Esken and Norbert Walter-Borjans since the party's 2019 leadership election, the party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in Germany along with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). The Social Democrats have governed at the federal level in Germany as part of a grand coalition with the CDU and the Christian Social Union (CSU) since December 2013 following the results of the 2013 and 2017 federal elections. The party participates in 11 of 16 state governments and 7 of them are governed by SPD Minister-Presidents. The SPD is a member of the Party of European Socialists and initiated the founding of the international Progressive Alliance of social-democratic parties on 22 May 2013 after criticising the Socialist International for its acceptance of authoritarian parties. \nEstablished in 1863, the SPD is by far the oldest existing political party represented in the German Parliament and was one of the first Marxist-influenced parties in the world. Banned under the Anti-Socialist Laws from 1878 to 1890, between 1890 and 1930 the SPD \"was Europe's largest Marxist party and consistently won the largest popular vote in German elections.\" During the First World War, the party split into a pro-war mainstream and the pacifist Independent Social Democratic Party, a part of which went on to form the Communist Party of Germany. The social democrats came to power during the 1918\u201319 revolution. During the Weimar Republic, the SPD was the strongest party until 1932 and Friedrich Ebert served as the first President of Germany. During the Nazi era (1933\u201345) the SPD was again banned.\nAfter the Second World War, the party was re-established. In East Germany, it was forced to merge with the Communist Party to form the pro-Soviet Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). In West Germany, the SPD was one of two major parties on the federal level, alongside the centre-right CDU/CSU. In its 1959 Godesberg Program, the party dropped its commitment to Marxism, becoming a big-tent party of the centre-left. From 1969 to 1982 and from 1998 to 2005, the Chancellors of Germany were Social Democrats. In other years the CDU headed the governments, with the SPD either in opposition or as a junior partner in \"grand coalitions\". The SPD's share of votes has declined significantly since the 2000s.", "Q3620117": "Antonio Rostagni (14 July 1903 \u2013 5 December 1988) was an Italian physicist and academician.\nHe was a physicist involved in researches in the field of terrestrial physics, electromagnetic waves and cosmic rays.\nHe was professor of physics at the University of Messina since 1935 and at the University of Padua since 1938. Among his students was Giuseppe Grioli.\nSince 1950 he was corresponding member of the Accademia dei Lincei of which he became national member. He was member of the Academy of Sciences of Turin since 1951.\nRostagni was vice-President of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics from 1956 to 1958 and from 1958 to 1959 Director of the Research Division at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) at Vienna.", "Q102591": "Jockel Finck (26 March 1962 - 28 January 2006) was a photojournalist for the Associated Press. His assignments included the fall of the Berlin Wall and the bloody disintegration of Yugoslavia.", "Q65282": "Birmensdorf is a municipality in the district of Dietikon in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q1622179": "The Hochschule f\u00fcr Gestaltung (HfG) Offenbach am Main is an art and design university in the German State of Hesse. The school is divided into two departments. It was given university status in 1970. The degree course offers a choice of different topics: design, art, communication design, media arts, stage design and product design. Additionally, the college offers a one-year (two-semester), project-oriented postgraduate course.\nHfG Offenbach was founded in 1832 as an Artisan School for better training of new artisans. It soon became an Arts and Crafts School where crafts, artistic and theoretical subjects were taught at the same time. In its enumeration\nThe cyclop\u00e6dia of education from 1883 states that the Art-Industry school in Offenbach is notable among European institutions.\nIn 1970 the Offenbacher Werkkunstschule was transformed into an artistic-scientific university of Hesse. Analogous to its lawful educational obligation to \"teach and develop artistic forms and contents\" and to \"educate the new artistic and artistic-scientific generation\", the activity profile of the HfG today encompasses artistic and scientific lecture and research in the diverse fields of visual communication and product design under special consideration of electronic media and newest technologies.", "Q233092": "Asa Akira (born January 3, 1986) is an American pornographic actress and adult film director. Akira has appeared in over 505 adult films as of May 2016. In 2013, she became the second Asian person to win the AVN Female Performer of the Year Award.\n\n", "Q1760438": "Queens College (QC) is one of the four-year colleges in the City University of New York system. Its 80-acre campus is located in the Kew Gardens Hills section of Queens, with a student body that represents over 170 countries. Queens College is consistently ranked among the leading institutions in the US for the quality of its faculty and academic programs, the achievement of its students, and its affordability.\nThe Queens College Athletics and Recreation sponsors 15 men's and women's championship-eligible varsity teams.", "Q992930": "Nobuteru Ishihara (\u77f3\u539f \u4f38\u6643, Ishihara Nobuteru, born April 19, 1957) is a Japanese politician who was Secretary General of the Liberal Democratic Party from 2010 to 2012.He was born in Zushi, Kanagawa, the son of author and former Tokyo governor Shintaro Ishihara. He attended Keio Gijuku High School and graduated from the literature faculty of Keio University in 1981. After university, he worked as a political reporter for Nippon Television, covering the Finance and Foreign Ministries and the Prime Minister.\nIn 1990 he was elected to the House of Representatives as representative for the Fourth District of Tokyo under the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) ticket. He was appointed Parliamentary Vice-Minister of International Trade and Industry in 1996. Under Junichiro Koizumi's first Cabinet in 2001, he became Minister of State for Administrative and Regulatory Reform. He served as Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport from 2003 to 2004, and was chairman of the Highways Committee of the LDP Policy Affairs Research Council from 2005 to 2007.Following Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda's resignation, Ishihara stood as a candidate for the LDP presidency. In the leadership election, held on September 22, 2008, Taro Aso won with 351 of the 527 votes; Ishihara placed fourth with 37 votes.Ishihara was named as a potential LDP candidate for the 2014 gubernatorial election in Tokyo, but along with fellow LDP legislators Yuriko Koike, Tamayo Marukawa and Satsuki Katayama, performed poorly in a December 2013 poll against Yoichi Masuzoe and Hideo Higashikokubaru.Ishihara is currently head of the Kinmirai Seiji Kenky\u016bkai faction of the LDP.", "Q694964": "Arnold B\u00fcrkli (February 2, 1833 \u2013 May 6, 1894) is principally known as a municipal engineer in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland.", "Q337586": "The Acad\u00e9mie Royale d'Architecture (French: Acad\u00e9mie royale d'architecture, Royal Academy of Architecture), founded in 1671, was a French learned society, which had a leading role in influencing architectural theory and education, not only in France, but throughout Europe and the Americas from the late 17th century to the mid-20th.\n\n", "Q1145": "Jean-Philippe Rameau (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303filip \u0281amo]; (1683-09-25)25 September 1683 \u2013 (1764-09-12)12 September 1764) was one of the most important French composers and music theorists of the 18th century. He replaced Jean-Baptiste Lully as the dominant composer of French opera and is also considered the leading French composer for the harpsichord of his time, alongside Fran\u00e7ois Couperin.Little is known about Rameau's early years. It was not until the 1720s that he won fame as a major theorist of music with his Treatise on Harmony (1722) and also in the following years as a composer of masterpieces for the harpsichord, which circulated throughout Europe. He was almost 50 before he embarked on the operatic career on which his reputation chiefly rests today. His debut, Hippolyte et Aricie (1733), caused a great stir and was fiercely attacked by the supporters of Lully's style of music for its revolutionary use of harmony. Nevertheless, Rameau's pre-eminence in the field of French opera was soon acknowledged, and he was later attacked as an \"establishment\" composer by those who favoured Italian opera during the controversy known as the Querelle des Bouffons in the 1750s. Rameau's music had gone out of fashion by the end of the 18th century, and it was not until the 20th that serious efforts were made to revive it. Today, he enjoys renewed appreciation with performances and recordings of his music ever more frequent.", "Q310139": "Kazimierz Nowak (January 11, 1897, Stryj \u2013 October 13, 1937, Pozna\u0144) was a Polish traveller, correspondent, reporter and photographer.", "Q117822": "Acotango is the central and highest of a group of stratovolcanoes straddling the border of Bolivia and Chile. It is 6,052 metres (19,856 ft) high. The group is known as Kimsa Chata and consists of three mountains: Acotango, Umurata (5,730 metres (18,799 ft)) north of it and Capurata (5,990 metres (19,652 ft)) south of it.\nThe group lies along a north\u2013south alignment. The Acotango volcano is heavily eroded, but a lava flow on its northern flank is morphologically young, suggesting Acotango was active in the Holocene. Later research has suggested that lava flow may be of Pleistocene age. Glacial activity has exposed parts of the inner volcano, which is hydrothermally altered. Glacial moraines lie at an altitude of 4,200 metres (13,800 ft) but a present ice cap is only found past 6,000 metres (20,000 ft) of altitude.The volcano is a popular hiking route in the Sajama National Park and Lauca National Park. To climb the summit from the Chilean side is dangerous due to land mines, however it is relatively safe to climb the summit from the Bolivian side. The southern ascent starts over a glacier and passes an abandoned copper mine.\nIt is believed that Pedro Rosende, a Chilean explorer, found the remains of firewood at the summit of Acotango. Because of this, it is thought that the mountain might have been one of the high Incan Andean sanctuaries. However, more exploration is needed to verify this information.", "Q223281": "Laura Leggett Linney (born February 5, 1964) is an American actress and singer. She is the recipient of several awards, including two Golden Globe Awards and four Primetime Emmy Awards, and has been nominated for three Academy Awards and four Tony Awards.\nLinney made her Broadway debut in 1990 before going on to receive Tony Award nominations for the 2002 revival of The Crucible, the original Broadway productions of Sight Unseen (2004) and Time Stands Still (2010), and the 2017 revival of The Little Foxes. On television, she won her first Emmy Award for the television film Wild Iris (2001), and had subsequent wins for the sitcom Frasier (2003\u201304) and the miniseries John Adams (2008). From 2010 to 2013, she starred in the Showtime series The Big C, which won her a fourth Emmy in 2013, and in 2017 she began starring in the Netflix crime series Ozark.\nLinney is also an established film actress. She made her film debut with a minor role in Lorenzo's Oil (1992) and went on to receive Academy Award nominations for the dramas You Can Count On Me (2000), Kinsey (2004), and The Savages (2007). Her other films include Primal Fear (1996), The Truman Show (1998), Mystic River and Love Actually (both 2003), The Squid and the Whale (2005), The Nanny Diaries (2007), Hyde Park on Hudson (2012), Mr. Holmes (2015), Sully and Nocturnal Animals (both 2016).", "Q215733": "Warrington () is a large town and unitary authority area in Cheshire, England, on the banks of the River Mersey. It is 20 miles (32 km) east of Liverpool, and 20 miles (32 km) west of Manchester. The population in 2018 was estimated at just over 209,500, more than double that of 1968 when it became a New Town. Warrington is the largest town in the county of Cheshire.\nWarrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey. A new settlement was established by the Saxons. By the Middle Ages, Warrington had emerged as a market town at the lowest bridging point of the river. A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time.Historically part of Lancashire, the expansion and urbanisation of Warrington coincided with the Industrial Revolution, particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century. The West Coast Main Line runs north to south through the town, and the Liverpool to Manchester railway (the Cheshire Lines route) west to east. The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough (west to east). The M6, M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town.\nThe modern Borough of Warrington was formed in 1974 with the amalgamation of the former County Borough of Warrington, part of the Golborne Urban District, the Lymm Urban District, part of the Runcorn Rural District, the Warrington Rural District and part of the Whiston Rural District.", "Q581309": "Sydney Hillel Schanberg (January 17, 1934 \u2013 July 9, 2016) was an American journalist who was best known for his coverage of the war in Cambodia. He was the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, two George Polk awards, two Overseas Press Club awards, and the Sigma Delta Chi prize for distinguished journalism. Schanberg was played by Sam Waterston in the 1984 film The Killing Fields based on the experiences of Schanberg and the Cambodian journalist Dith Pran in Cambodia.", "Q1241173": "Donell Jones (born May 22, 1973) is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He is most notable for the hits \"U Know What's Up,\" \"Where I Wanna Be,\" and his cover of Stevie Wonder's \"Knocks Me Off My Feet.\" Jones' first studio album My Heart, was released in 1996, but he is best known for his late 1990s release of his second album Where I Wanna Be.", "Q336698": "P\u00e9ter N\u00e1das (born 14 October 1942) is a Hungarian writer, playwright, and essayist.", "Q88134": "Gerald Ganglbauer (born 24 February 1958 in Graz, Austria) is an Austrian\u2013Australian writer and publisher diagnosed with Parkinson's disease at the age of 48 years. Since then he has been an ambassador for Parkinson's support groups.", "Q599220": "Antonino Fogliani (born in Messina, June 29, 1976) is an Italian conductor.", "Q298417": "Karen Traviss is a science fiction author from Wiltshire, England. She is the author of the Wess'Har series, and is also known for writing tie-in material based on Star Wars, Gears of War, Halo, and G.I. Joe. Her work crosses various forms of media including novels, short stories, comics, and video games.", "Q120730": "Kyoto Prefecture (\u4eac\u90fd\u5e9c, Ky\u014dto-fu) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Kyoto Prefecture has a population of 2,610,353 (1 October 2015) and has a geographic area of 4,612 km\u00b2 (1,780 sq mi). Kyoto Prefecture borders Fukui Prefecture to the northeast, Shiga Prefecture to the east, Mie Prefecture to the southeast, Nara Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture to the south, and Hyogo Prefecture to the west.\nKyoto is the capital and largest city of Kyoto Prefecture, with other major cities including Uji, Kameoka, and Maizuru. Kyoto Prefecture is located on the Sea of Japan coast and extends to the southeast towards the Kii Peninsula, covering territory of the former provinces of Yamashiro, Tamba, and Tango. Kyoto Prefecture is centered on the historic Imperial capital of Kyoto, and is one of Japan's two \"urban prefectures\" using the designation fu rather than the standard ken for prefectures. Kyoto has made Kyoto Prefecture one of the most popular tourism destinations in Japan for national and international tourists, and 21% of the prefecture's land area was designated as Natural Parks. Kyoto Prefecture forms part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area, the second-most-populated urban region in Japan after the Greater Tokyo area and one of the world's most productive regions by GDP.", "Q297724": "Skai Jackson (born April 8, 2002) is an American actress, YouTuber, and author, who was included in Time\u2019s list of Most Influential Teens in 2016. Jackson first began acting at the age of 5, making her debut in the film Liberty Kid (2007). She later came to international prominence for her portrayal of Zuri Ross in the Disney Channel series Jessie (2011\u20132015), and in the sequel, Bunk'd (2015\u20132018). She has also voiced Glory Grant across the Marvel Rising series, and voiced Summer in the animated series DreamWorks Dragons: Rescue Riders (2019\u20132020). In 2019, Jackson released her debut novel, Reach for the Skai: How to Inspire, Empower, and Clapback.", "Q966669": "Charles Vincent Massey (February 20, 1887 \u2013 December 30, 1967) was a Canadian lawyer and diplomat who served as the Governor General of Canada, the 18th since Confederation. Massey was the first Governor General of Canada who was born in Canada.\nMassey was born into an influential Toronto family and was educated in Ontario and England, obtaining a degree in law and befriending future prime minister William Lyon Mackenzie King while studying at the University of Oxford. He was commissioned into the military in 1917 for the remainder of the First World War and, after a brief stint in the Canadian Cabinet, began his diplomatic career, serving in envoys to the United States and United Kingdom. Upon his return to Canada in 1946, Massey headed a royal commission on the arts between 1949 and 1951, which resulted in the Massey Report and subsequently the establishment of the National Library of Canada and the Canada Council of the Arts, among other grant-giving agencies. In 1952 he was appointed Governor General by King George VI on the recommendation of Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent, to replace the Viscount Alexander of Tunis as viceroy, and he occupied the post until succeeded by Georges Vanier in 1959.\nOn September 16, 1925, Massey was sworn into the King's Privy Council for Canada, giving him the accordant style of The Honourable. However, Massey was later, as a former Governor General of Canada, entitled to be styled for life with the superior form of The Right Honourable. He subsequently continued his philanthropic work and founded Massey College at the University of Toronto and the Massey Lectures before he died on December 30, 1967.", "Q179645": "Shinjuku (Japanese: \u65b0\u5bbf\u533a, Hepburn: Shinjuku-ku) is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. It is a major commercial and administrative centre, housing the northern half of the busiest railway station in the world (Shinjuku Station) and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, the administration centre for the government of Tokyo. As of 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 337,556, and a population density of 18,517 people per km\u00b2. The total area is 18.23 km\u00b2. Since the end of the Second World War, Shinjuku has been a major secondary center of Tokyo (fukutoshin), rivaling to the original city center in Marunouchi and Ginza.\nShinjuku is also commonly used to refer to the entire area surrounding Shinjuku Station. The southern half of this area and of the station in fact belong to Yoyogi and Sendagaya districts of the neighboring Shibuya ward.", "Q7252": "Feminism is a range of social movements, political movements, and ideologies that aim to define, establish, and achieve the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that societies prioritize the male point of view, and that women are treated unfairly within those societies. Efforts to change that include fighting gender stereotypes and seeking to establish educational and professional opportunities for women that are equal to those for men.\nFeminist movements have campaigned and continue to campaign for women's rights, including the right to vote, to hold public office, to work, to earn fair wages, equal pay and eliminate the gender pay gap, to own property, to receive education, to enter contracts, to have equal rights within marriage, and to have maternity leave. Feminists have also worked to ensure access to legal abortions and social integration and to protect women and girls from rape, sexual harassment, and domestic violence. Changes in dress and acceptable physical activity have often been part of feminist movements.Some scholars consider feminist campaigns to be a main force behind major historical societal changes for women's rights, particularly in the West, where they are near-universally credited with achieving women's suffrage, gender-neutral language, reproductive rights for women (including access to contraceptives and abortion), and the right to enter into contracts and own property. Although feminist advocacy is, and has been, mainly focused on women's rights, some feminists, including bell hooks, argue for the inclusion of men's liberation within its aims, because they believe that men are also harmed by traditional gender roles.Feminist theory, which emerged from feminist movements, aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women's social roles and lived experience; it has developed theories in a variety of disciplines in order to respond to issues concerning gender.Numerous feminist movements and ideologies have developed over the years and represent different viewpoints and aims. Some forms of feminism have been criticized for taking into account only white, middle class, and college-educated perspectives. This criticism led to the creation of ethnically specific or multicultural forms of feminism, including black feminism and intersectional feminism.", "Q168990": "Zden\u011bk Jirotka (January 7, 1911 \u2013 April 12, 2003) was a Czech writer of radio-broadcast plays and author of humorous novels, short stories, and feuilletons. He was born in Ostrava (North Moravia), sat for the leaving examination at the secondary industrial school in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 (East Bohemia) in 1933 and then joined the Army where he served until 1940. After the Nazis had annexed the Czechoslovakia, Jirotka worked for the Public Works Ministry and in 1942, when his most famous novel Saturnin earned him a great success, he became a full-time writer. Among other newspapers and magazines that Jirotka contributed for were: the Lidov\u00e9 noviny (1940-1945), the Svobodn\u00e9 noviny (1945-1951), and the Dikobraz (1951-1953 and after 1962).", "Q130523": "Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u200e) (born November 21, 1940) is a Mauritanian diplomat who was a senior United Nations official.\n\n", "Q1282886": "Eddie Mapp (c. 1910 \u2013 November 14, 1931) was an American country blues harmonicist. He is best known for his accompaniment on records by Barbecue Bob and Curley Weaver.", "Q863063": "Billy Curtis (born Luigi Curto, June 27, 1909 \u2013 November 9, 1988) was an American film and television actor with dwarfism, who had a 50-year career in the entertainment industry.", "Q55427": "Jo\u00e3o C\u00e9sar Monteiro Santos was a Portuguese film director, actor, writer and film critic. He was born in Figueira da Foz on February 2, 1939 and died of cancer in Lisbon on February 3, 2003.", "Q1507369": "George Francis Train (March 24, 1829 \u2013 January 5, 1904) was an American entrepreneur who organized the clipper ship line that sailed around Cape Horn to San Francisco; he also organized the Union Pacific Railroad and the Credit Mobilier in the United States in 1864 to construct the eastern portion of the Transcontinental Railroad, and a horse tramway company in England while there during the American Civil War.\nIn 1870 Train made the first of three widely publicized trips around the globe. He believed that a report of his first journey in a French periodical inspired Jules Verne's novel Around the World in Eighty Days and the protagonist Phileas Fogg may partially be modeled on him.In 1872, he ran for president of the United States as an independent candidate. That year, he was jailed on obscenity charges while defending Victoria Woodhull against charges regarding a report her newspaper had published on an alleged adulterous affair. Despite his many business successes in early life, he was known as an increasingly eccentric figure in American and Australian history.", "Q122127": "Thomas Michael Bond (13 January 1926 \u2013 27 June 2017) was a British author. He is best known for a series of fictional stories for children, featuring the character of Paddington Bear. More than 35 million Paddington books have been sold around the world, and the characters have also been featured in film and on television. His first book was published in 1958 and his last in 2017, a span of 59 years.", "Q236854": "Summer Lyn Glau (; born July 24, 1981) is an American actress best known for her roles in science fiction and fantasy television series; as River Tam in Firefly (2002) and its continuation film Serenity (2005), as Tess Doerner in The 4400 (2005\u20132007), as Cameron in Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles (2008\u20132009), and as Isabel Rochev/Ravager in Arrow (2013\u20132014).", "Q105598": "Die Hard is a 1988 American action thriller film directed by John McTiernan, written by Jeb Stuart and Steven E. de Souza. Based on Roderick Thorp's 1979 novel Nothing Lasts Forever, it was produced by the Gordon Company and Silver Pictures, and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The film follows off-duty New York City Police Department officer John McClane (Bruce Willis) who is caught in a Los Angeles skyscraper on Christmas Eve during a heist led by criminal mastermind Hans Gruber (Alan Rickman).\nMade for $28 million, Die Hard grossed over $141 million theatrically worldwide. Turning Willis into an action star, the film became a metonym for an action film in which a lone hero fights overwhelming odds. The film's success spurred creation of the Die Hard franchise, which includes four sequels, a number of video games, and a comic book. In 2017, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. Die Hard has been named one of the best action and Christmas-themed films ever made. The film also ranks No.\u202f20 on Empire's 2017 list of the 100 greatest movies of all time.", "Q463398": "Jacqueline Mars (born October 10, 1939) is an American heiress and investor. She is the daughter of Audrey Ruth (Meyer) and Forrest Mars, Sr., and granddaughter of Frank C. Mars, founders of the American candy company Mars, Incorporated. As of June 2018, Mars was ranked by Forbes as the 38th richest person in the world, with a net worth of $23.2 billion.", "Q61782": "Friedrich Ferdinand of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl\u00fccksburg (12 October 1855 \u2013 21 January 1934) was the fourth Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl\u00fccksburg and became Duke of Schleswig-Holstein in 1931.", "Q20852017": "Matheus Josephus Lambertus (Mathieu) Ficheroux (April 22, 1926 - October 11, 2003) was a Dutch artist, who worked as sculptor, glass painter, painter, draftsman, wall painter and installation artist. He is considered among the foremost Dutch artist of the second part of the 20th century.Ficheroux is especially known for his 1960s \"pink and brown paintings of objects of plastic and light reliefs (sleeping pieces), in which eroticism and alienation were important themes.\"", "Q721675": "Simon Estes (born March 2, 1938) is an operatic bass-baritone of African-American descent who had a major international opera career beginning in the 1960s. He has sung at most of the world's major opera houses as well as in front of presidents, popes and internationally renowned figures and celebrities including Bill Clinton, Richard Nixon, Boris Yeltsin, Yasser Arafat, Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu. Notably, he was part of the first generation of black opera singers to achieve widespread success and is viewed as part of a group of performers who were instrumental in helping to break down the barriers of racial prejudice in the opera world.", "Q93514": "Ilse Aichinger (1 November 1921 \u2013 11 November 2016) was an Austrian writer known for her accounts of her persecution by the Nazis because of her Jewish ancestry. She wrote poems, short stories and radio plays, and won multiple European literary prizes.", "Q333": "Astronomy (from Greek: \u1f00\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It uses mathematics, physics, and chemistry in order to explain their origin and evolution. Objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, nebulae, galaxies, and comets. Relevant phenomena include supernova explosions, gamma ray bursts, quasars, blazars, pulsars, and cosmic microwave background radiation. More generally, astronomy studies everything that originates outside Earth's atmosphere. Cosmology is a branch of astronomy. It studies the Universe as a whole.Astronomy is one of the oldest natural sciences. The early civilizations in recorded history made methodical observations of the night sky. These include the Babylonians, Greeks, Indians, Egyptians, Chinese, Maya, and many ancient indigenous peoples of the Americas. In the past, astronomy included disciplines as diverse as astrometry, celestial navigation, observational astronomy, and the making of calendars. Nowadays, professional astronomy is often said to be the same as astrophysics.Professional astronomy is split into observational and theoretical branches. Observational astronomy is focused on acquiring data from observations of astronomical objects. This data is then analyzed using basic principles of physics. Theoretical astronomy is oriented toward the development of computer or analytical models to describe astronomical objects and phenomena. These two fields complement each other. Theoretical astronomy seeks to explain observational results and observations are used to confirm theoretical results.\nAmateurs play an active role in astronomy. It is one of the few sciences in which this is the case. This is especially true for the discovery and observation of transient events. Amateur astronomers have helped with many important discoveries, such as finding new comets.", "Q3034": "Willoughby Newton (December 2, 1802 \u2013 May 23, 1874) was a nineteenth-century congressman and lawyer from Virginia.", "Q390739": "Romance in a Minor Key (German: Romanze in Moll) is a 1943 German historical drama film directed by Helmut K\u00e4utner and starring Marianne Hoppe, Paul Dahlke, and Ferdinand Marian.The film's sets were designed by the art directors Otto Erdmann and Franz F. F\u00fcrst.", "Q414110": "The Academy of Arts (German: Akademie der K\u00fcnste) is a state arts institution in Berlin, Germany. The task of the Academy is to promote art, as well as to advise and support the states of Germany.The Academy's predecessor organization was founded in 1696 by Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg as the Brandenburg Academy of Arts, an academic institution in which members could meet and discuss and share ideas. The current Academy was founded on 1 October 1993 as the re-unification of formerly separate East and West Berlin academies.", "Q292884": "\u00d2scar Ribas Reig (Catalan pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0254sk\u0259\u027e \u02c8ri\u03b2\u0259z \u02c8ret\u0361\u0283], born 26 October 1936 in Sant Juli\u00e0 de L\u00f2ria) was the first prime minister of Andorra in 1982. He twice served as head of government, firstly from 8 January 1982 to 21 May 1984 with National Liberal party and then from 12 January 1990 to 7 December 1994 with the National Democratic Agreement party. He was succeeded by Marc Forn\u00e9 Moln\u00e9.", "Q486472": "Kansas City, abbreviated as \"KCK\", is the third-largest city in the State of Kansas, the county seat of Wyandotte County, and the third-largest city of the Kansas City metropolitan area. It is situated at Kaw Point, which is the junction of the Missouri and Kansas rivers. It borders Johnson County, Kansas to the south and Kansas City, Missouri (KCMO) to the east, after which Kansas City, Kansas, is named. It is part of a consolidated city-county government known as the \"Unified Government\". Wyandotte County also includes the independent cities of Bonner Springs, Edwardsville, a portion of Lake Quivira, and the unincorporated area known as Loring. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 145,786 residents.", "Q60477": "Friedrich Carl Georg Kaiser, called Georg Kaiser, (25 November 1878 \u2013 4 June 1945) was a German dramatist.\n\n", "Q1147551": "Troy Edward Baker (born April 1, 1976) is an American voice actor and musician, known for portraying the lead characters in various video games. He is best known for his voice performances in video games such as the character Joel in The Last of Us, Booker DeWitt in Bioshock Infinite, the Joker in Batman: Arkham Origins, Higgs in Death Stranding, and Sam Drake in Uncharted 4: A Thief's End and Uncharted: The Lost Legacy. \nBefore pursuing acting, Baker was the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the indie-rock band Tripp Fontaine, which released the radio single \"Burning Out\" from their debut album Random Thoughts on a Paper Napkin in 2004. His first solo album, Sitting in the Fire, was released on October 14, 2014. On October 6, 2017, Baker and the backing band of Sitting in the Fire released a second album called Moving Around Bias under the new name Window to the Abbey.", "Q364135": "Ralph Rexford Bellamy (June 17, 1904 \u2013 November 29, 1991) was an American actor whose career spanned 62 years on stage, film, and television. During his career, he played leading roles as well as supporting roles, garnering acclaim and awards, including an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor for The Awful Truth (1937).\n\n", "Q465702": "Emily \"Cissy\" Houston (n\u00e9e Drinkard; born September 30, 1933) is an American soul and gospel singer. After a successful career singing backup for such artists as Roy Hamilton, Dionne Warwick, Elvis Presley and Aretha Franklin, Houston embarked on a solo career, winning two Grammy Awards for her work. Houston was the mother of singer Whitney Houston, grandmother of TV personality Bobbi Kristina Brown, aunt of singers Dionne and Dee Dee Warwick, and a cousin of opera singer Leontyne Price.\n\n", "Q67318": "Berg is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q191460": "Arcachon (French: [a\u0281.ka.\u0283\u0254\u0303] ; Arcaishon in Gascon) is a commune in the southwestern French department of Gironde. It is a popular seaside resort on the Atlantic coast 55 kilometres (34 mi) southwest of Bordeaux, in the Landes forest. It has a sandy beach and a mild climate said to be favourable for invalids suffering from pulmonary complaints.\nArcachon is twinned with 5 cities.", "Q229747": "Erica Durance (; born June 21, 1978) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her role as Lois Lane in the television series Smallville and as Dr. Alex Reid in the medical drama series Saving Hope.\n\n", "Q2598694": "Chauncey Milton \"Chance\" Vought (February 26, 1890 in Long Island, New York \u2013 July 25, 1930) was an American aviation pioneer and engineer, who was the co-founder of the Lewis and Vought Corporation with Birdseye Lewis.\nBorn on Long Island, New York, he attended the Pratt Institute, New York University (where he joined Kappa Sigma), and the University of Pennsylvania. He died from sepsis. He was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1989.", "Q66006": "Ruschein is a municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. Its official language is the Sursilvan dialect of Romansh. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Ruschein, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.", "Q686435": "Paul Boucherot (1869\u20131943) was an engineer with the Chemins de Fer du Nord (Northern Railway of France). He studied at the elite \u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris (ESPCI) where he later also taught electrical engineering. He was a pioneer of AC electric power distribution, designed induction motors, and with Georges Claude, built early plants for obtaining thermal energy from the sea. He also contributed to electrical analysis, including the relationship between real and apparent power.\n\n", "Q115760": "Catwoman is a 2004 American superhero film loosely based on the DC Comics character of the same name. Directed by Pitof and written by John Rogers, John Brancato and Michael Ferris with music by Klaus Badelt, the film stars Halle Berry in the title role, Benjamin Bratt, Lambert Wilson, Frances Conroy, Alex Borstein, and Sharon Stone. The film centers on Patience Phillips, a meek designer who discovers a conspiracy within the cosmetics company she works for that involves a dangerous product which could cause widespread health problems. After being discovered and murdered by the conspirators, she is revived by Egyptian cats that grant her superhuman cat-like abilities, allowing her to become the crime-fighting anti-heroine Catwoman, while also romancing a detective who pursues her.\nProduced by Village Roadshow Pictures and Denise Di Novi's Di Novi Pictures, Catwoman was released theatrically on July 23, 2004 by Warner Bros. Pictures and was a critical and commercial failure, grossing $82 million against a budget of $100 million. The film received seven Golden Raspberry Award nominations and won in the categories of Worst Picture, Worst Actress, Worst Director and Worst Screenplay; many critics consider it to be one of the worst films of all time, where it was criticized for Berry\u2019s performance and perceived lack of connection with Batman. Despite this, Catwoman managed to be the highest grossing female-led superhero film until the release of Wonder Woman in 2017.", "Q568554": "The University of Caen Normandy (UNICAEN; French: Universit\u00e9 de Caen Normandie) is a Public university in Caen, France.", "Q497594": "The Junge Union Deutschlands (Young Union of Germany) or JU is the joint\nyouth organisation of the two conservative German political parties, CDU and CSU. Membership is limited to individuals between 14 and 35 years of age.Junge Union claims to be the largest political youth organization in Germany and Europe with about 120,000 members.", "Q76215": "Albert Bormann (2 September 1902 \u2013 8 April 1989) was a German National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK) officer, who rose to the rank of Gruppenf\u00fchrer (Generalleutnant) during World War II. Bormann served as an adjutant to Adolf Hitler, and was the younger brother of Martin Bormann.\n\n", "Q362544": "Andr\u00e9 Bazin (French: [baz\u025b\u0303]; 18 April 1918 \u2013 11 November 1958) was a renowned and influential French film critic and film theorist.\nBazin started to write about film in 1943 and was a co-founder of the renowned film magazine Cahiers du cin\u00e9ma in 1951, along with Jacques Doniol-Valcroze and Joseph-Marie Lo Duca.\nHe is notable for arguing that realism is the most important function of cinema. His call for objective reality, deep focus, and lack of montage are linked to his belief that the interpretation of a film or scene should be left to the spectator. This placed him in opposition to film theory of the 1920s and 1930s, which emphasized how the cinema could manipulate reality.\n\n", "Q61769": "Martin Wilhelm Kutta (German: [\u02c8k\u028ata]; 3 November 1867 \u2013 25 December 1944) was a German mathematician.\nKutta was born in Pitschen, Upper Silesia (today Byczyna, Poland). He attended the University of Breslau from 1885 to 1890, and continued his studies in Munich until 1894, where he became the assistant of Walther Franz Anton von Dyck. From 1898, he spent half a year at the University of Cambridge. From 1899 to 1909 he worked again as an assistant of von Dyck in Munich; from 1909 to 1910 he was adjunct professor at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena. He was professor at the RWTH Aachen from 1910 to 1912. Kutta became professor at the University of Stuttgart in 1912, where he stayed until his retirement in 1935.\nIn 1901, he co-developed the Runge\u2013Kutta method, used to solve ordinary differential equations numerically. He is also remembered for the Zhukovsky\u2013Kutta aerofoil, the Kutta\u2013Zhukovsky theorem and the Kutta condition in aerodynamics. \nKutta died in F\u00fcrstenfeldbruck, Germany in 1944.", "Q197011": "Zeus and Roxanne is a 1997 American family comedy-adventure film directed by George T. Miller and starring Steve Guttenberg, Kathleen Quinlan, and Miko Hughes. It revolves around the friendship between the title characters Zeus and Roxanne, a dog and a dolphin, respectively.", "Q9294": "Ibn Khaldun (; Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u064a\u200e, Ab\u016b Zayd \u2018Abd ar-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n ibn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Khald\u016bn al-\u1e24a\u1e0dram\u012b; 27 May 1332 \u2013 17 March 1406) was an Arab scholar of Islam, social scientist and historian who has been described as the father of the modern disciplines of historiography, sociology, economics, and demography. Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli of the Renaissance and the 19th-century European scholars widely acknowledged the significance of his works and considered Ibn Khaldun to be one of the greatest philosophers of the Middle Ages.His book, the Muqaddimah or Prolegomena (\"Introduction\") influenced 17th-century Ottoman historians like K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi, Ahmed Cevdet Pasha and Mustafa Naima, who used its theories to analyze the growth and decline of the Ottoman Empire. Ibn Khaldun interacted with Tamerlane, the founder of the Timurid Empire.\n\n", "Q96487": "Christopher J. \"Chris\" Kraus (born 1963 in G\u00f6ttingen) is a German author and film director.", "Q101715": "Jesco Hans Heinrich Max Freiherr von Puttkamer (22 September 1933 \u2013 27 December 2012) was a German-American aerospace engineer, senior manager at NASA, and a pulp science fiction writer.\nHe was an advocate of manned space exploration, and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). While at NASA, he served as the program manager in charge of long-range planning of deep space manned activities (flights beyond Earth orbit). He was regarded as an expert on the Russian space program.Puttkamer assisted with daily on-orbit operations at NASA from 2009 until 2012.\nHe died of a sudden flu-like illness on 27 December 2012.His was given the nickname Jessie by DeForest Kelley, whom Puttkammer called Dee.", "Q179876": "The Kingdom of England (Anglo-Norman: Realme d'Engleterre, French: Royaume d'Angleterre) was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 927, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.\nOn 12 July 927, the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were united by \u00c6thelstan (r. 927\u2013939) to form the Kingdom of England. In 1016, the kingdom became part of the North Sea Empire of Cnut the Great, a personal union between England, Denmark and Norway. The Norman conquest of England in 1066 led to the transfer of the English capital city and chief royal residence from the Anglo-Saxon one at Winchester to Westminster, and the City of London quickly established itself as England's largest and principal commercial centre.Histories of the kingdom of England from the Norman conquest of 1066 conventionally distinguish periods named after successive ruling dynasties: Norman 1066\u20131154, Plantagenet 1154\u20131485, Tudor 1485\u20131603 and Stuart 1603\u20131707 (interrupted by the Interregnum of 1649\u20131660).\nDynastically, all English monarchs after 1066 ultimately claim descent from the Normans; the distinction of the Plantagenets is merely conventional, beginning with Henry II (reigned 1154\u20131189) as from that time, the Angevin kings became \"more English in nature\"; the houses of Lancaster and York are both Plantagenet cadet branches, the Tudor dynasty claimed descent from Edward III via John Beaufort and James VI and I of the House of Stuart claimed descent from Henry VII via Margaret Tudor.\nThe completion of the conquest of Wales by Edward I in 1284 put Wales under the control of the English crown. Edward III (reigned 1327\u20131377) transformed the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe; his reign also saw vital developments in legislation and government\u2014in particular the evolution of the English parliament. From the 1340s the kings of England also laid claim to the crown of France, but after the Hundred Years' War and the outbreak of the Wars of the Roses in 1455, the English were no longer in any position to pursue their French claims and lost all their land on the continent, except for Calais. After the turmoils of the Wars of the Roses, the Tudor dynasty ruled during the English Renaissance and again extended English monarchical power beyond England proper, achieving the full union of England and the Principality of Wales in 1542. Henry VIII oversaw the English Reformation, and his daughter Elizabeth I (reigned 1558\u20131603) the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, meanwhile establishing England as a great power and laying the foundations of the British Empire by claiming possessions in the New World.\nFrom the accession of James VI and I in 1603, the Stuart dynasty ruled England in personal union with Scotland and Ireland. Under the Stuarts, the kingdom plunged into civil war, which culminated in the execution of Charles I in 1649. The monarchy returned in 1660, but the Civil War had established the precedent that an English monarch cannot govern without the consent of Parliament. This concept became legally established as part of the Glorious Revolution of 1688.\nFrom this time the kingdom of England, as well as its successor state the United Kingdom, functioned in effect as a constitutional monarchy. On 1 May 1707, under the terms of the Acts of Union 1707, the kingdoms of England and Scotland united to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.", "Q117177": "Albert Steffen (December 10, 1884, Wynau, Switzerland \u2013 July 13, 1963, Dornach, Switzerland) was a poet, painter, dramatist, essayist, and novelist. He joined the Theosophical Society in Germany in 1910, and the Anthroposophical Society in 1912 and became its president after the death of its founder, Rudolf Steiner, in 1925. Steffen was chief editor of the society's journal, Das Goetheanum, from 1921\u20131963.Steffen wrote many plays (Hiram and Solomon, Manes' Experience of Death), novels (Oasis of Humanity, The Renewal of the Association), and essays (The Artist Between West and East). Other than a volume of poetry published with the American poet Percy MacKaye, containing both of their poetry translated by each other, few of his works have appeared in English.\nHis earliest works, predating his encounter with anthroposophy, already manifest a spiritual awareness. His later works, which reflect a vision of the world permeated by metaphysical powers of good and evil, draw on a wide range of esoteric European and Asian traditions.\n\n", "Q138194": "Job Evans Stevenson (February 10, 1832 \u2013 July 24, 1922) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.\nBorn in Yellow Bud, Ohio, Stevenson completed preparatory studies.\nHe studied law.\nHe was admitted to the bar and commenced the practice of his profession in Chillicothe, Ohio.\nHe also engaged in agricultural pursuits.\nHe served as member of the Ohio Senate 1863-1865.\nHe served as solicitor of Chillicothe 1859-1862.\nHe was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1864 to the Thirty-ninth Congress.\nHe moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1865.\nHe was elected as a Republican to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses (March 4, 1869 \u2013 March 3, 1873).\nHe resumed the practice of law in Cincinnati, Ohio.\nResided in Lexington and Corinth, Kentucky.\nHe died in Corinth, Kentucky, July 24, 1922.\nHe was interred in Yellow Bud Cemetery, Yellow Bud, Ohio.", "Q203804": "Timothy Simon Roth (born 14 May 1961) is an English actor and director. He made his debut in the television film Made in Britain (1982). He gained critical acclaim for his role as Myron in The Hit (1984), for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer. Among a group of prominent British actors of the era, the \"Brit Pack\", Roth gained more attention for his performances in The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover (1989), Vincent & Theo (1990) and Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (1990).\nHe later earned international recognition for appearing in Quentin Tarantino's films, such as Reservoir Dogs (1992), Pulp Fiction (1994), Four Rooms (1995) and The Hateful Eight (2015). For the historical drama Rob Roy (1995), Roth won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He made his directorial debut with The War Zone (1999), for which he received numerous accolades.\nRoth's other notable films include Captives (1994), Little Odessa (1994), Everyone Says I Love You (1996), Gridlock'd (1997), Deceiver (1997), The Legend of 1900 (1998), Planet of the Apes (2001), Invincible (2001), Funny Games (2007), The Incredible Hulk (2008), Arbitrage (2012), Broken (2012), Selma (2014) and 600 Miles (2016). He also starred as Cal Lightman on the Fox series Lie to Me and as Jack Worth in the Sky Atlantic series Tin Star.", "Q3152043": "The Gorky Institute of World Literature (IMLI; Russian: \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438\u043c. \u0410. \u041c. \u0413\u043e\u0440\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0420\u0410\u041d) is a research institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. \nNot to be confused with the Gorky Literary Institute, which is an institute of higher education that trains writers, the A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature is a scientific research institute and part of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was founded on 17 September 1932 for the 40th anniversary of Maxim Gorky's literary activity, and is located in the former estate of the Gagarin family in Moscow.\nThe Institute is organized into departments, each specializing in a specific region or genre of literature. These departments include, but are not limited to the Department of Literary Theory, Folklore, Old Slavic Literature, 19th Century Russian Literature, Contemporary Russian Literature and Russian Emigree Literature, Classical Western Literature and Comparative Literature, Literature of Asia and Africa, Contemporary European and American Literature, Literature of Russian Minorities and CIS Countries, and Manuscripts. There is also a department devoted to how Russian Literature is taught and disseminated abroad. The Institute is also home to personal archives of many writers, including Maxim Gorky and Andrei Platonov. In-house scholars devote themselves to publishing new works, and visiting scholars can also arrange to conduct research there, attend lectures, or speak about their work.\nThe Gorky Institute was established in 1932 by decree of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union entitled, \"On the events to mark the 40th Anniversary of the Literary Activity of Maxim Gorky.\" The Institute was renamed from the Maxim Gorky Institute of Literature to the A. M. Gorky Institute of Literature in 1934 in accordance with another decree of the Presidium of the Central Committee, and Lev Kamenev was appointed as the first director.\nOn 14 February 1937, the Gorky Archive and Gorky Museum were added on, the latter of which opened its doors to visitors on 1 November 1937. On 4 March 1938, they also opened the State Museum of Alexander Pushkin, which was later moved to Leningrad in 1949. On 16 April 1938, upon joining the Soviet (now Russian) Academy of Sciences, it received its current name. It is now located at the former estate of the Gagarins, which was built in the first quarter of the 19th Century by Italian architect Domenico Gilardi.\nIn 1950, an employee of the Institute, Vera Stepanovna Nechaeva became a V. G. Belinksy Prize Laureate for the first volume of a four-volume biography of Vissarion Belinsky. In 1952 Nechaeva was appointed as head of the Institute's Department of Texts.", "Q461564": "Hiro Yamamoto (\u5c71\u672c \u7d18, Yamamoto Hiro, born April 13, 1961) is an American bassist who was a founding member of grunge band Soundgarden, along with Kim Thayil and Chris Cornell in 1984. He left the band in 1989, and two years later, he started the independent rock band Truly together with Screaming Trees drummer Mark Pickerel and Robert Roth from The Storybook Krooks. In 2016, Yamamoto co-founded the surf trio Stereo Donkey.", "Q606553": "Pierre Francis de Marigny Berton (July 12, 1920 \u2013 November 30, 2004) was a noted Canadian author of non-fiction, especially Canadiana and Canadian history, and was a television personality and journalist. He won many honours and awards for his books.\nAn accomplished storyteller, Berton was one of Canada's most prolific and popular authors. He wrote on popular culture, Canadian history, critiques of mainstream religion, anthologies, children's books and historical works for youth. He was also a founder of the Writers' Trust of Canada, a non-profit literary organization that seeks to encourage Canada's writing community. Berton's 50 books became popular in part due to his light and fast-paced writing style.\n\n", "Q329035": "Eugene \"Buddy\" Moss (January 16, 1914 \u2013 October 19, 1984) was an American blues musician. He is one of two influential East Coast blues guitarists to record in the period between Blind Blake's final sessions in 1932 and Blind Boy Fuller's debut in 1935 (the other being Josh White). A younger contemporary of Blind Willie McTell, Curley Weaver and Barbecue Bob, Moss was part of a coterie of Atlanta bluesmen. He was among the few of his era whose careers were reinvigorated by the blues revival of the 1960s and 1970s.He began as a musical disciple of Blake. Moss's career was halted in 1935 by a six-year jail term and then by the Second World War, but he lived long enough to be rediscovered in the 1960s, when he revealed that his talent had been preserved through the years. He was reputed to have been cantankerous and mistrusting of others.In later years, Moss credited his friend and bandmate Barbecue Bob with being a major influence on his playing. Scholars also contend that Blind Blake was a major force in his development, as both share certain mannerisms and inflections. It has also been suggested by Alan Balfour and others that Moss may have been an influence on Blind Boy Fuller, although they never met and Moss's recording career ended before Fuller's began \u2013 Moss's first recordings display some inflections and nuances that Fuller did not put down on record until some years later.", "Q97799": "Werner Jacobs (1909\u20131999) was a German film director and editor. . He was born in Berlin on the 24 April, 1909. He is best known for his contributions to Modebummel (1951), Der Stern von Santa Clara (1958) and Andr\u00e9 und Ursula (1955). .\n\n", "Q495383": "T-ara (; Korean: \ud2f0\uc544\ub77c) is a South Korean girl group, formed in 2009 by MBK Entertainment. T-ara's career is marked by hook-heavy dance-pop music, a result of their close partnership with composer Shinsadong Tiger. A broad array of visual concepts have earned the group a \"chameleon-like\" reputation.The group officially debuted in July 2009 with the single \"Lie\", following line-up changes due to creative differences. Their debut studio album Absolute First Album was released in December 2009 and spawned several hit songs including \"TTL (Time to Love)\", \"Bo Peep Bo Peep\", and \"You Drive Me Crazy\".\nT-ara gained nationwide recognition after releasing \"Roly-Poly\" in 2011, which went on to become the Gaon chart's best-selling single of the year. At the height of K-pop's popularity in Japan, T-ara signed onto management agency J-Rock for $4.7 million\u2014reportedly the highest figure of any Korean girl group expanding into the territory at the time. Both their debut Japanese single and studio album reached number one on the Oricon weekly charts and were subsequently certified Gold. T-ara's late-2011 Korean release Black Eyes spawned three consecutive number ones: \"Cry Cry\", \"We Were in Love\" and \"Lovey-Dovey\".\nIn 2012, T-ara experienced a dip in popularity as the group faced accusations of internal discord, resulting in Hwayoung's immediate departure with Areum following a year after. T-ara's later material was released to varying degrees of success before the group began focusing on promotional activities in China, where they attracted attention for their cover of Chopstick Brothers' \"Little Apple\" in 2014. T-ara is regarded as one of the most popular K-pop girl groups in China.T-ara's final release as six members was tentatively scheduled for May 2017, ahead of Soyeon and Boram's expiring contracts; however, conflicts with their management delayed What's My Name? until June 2017, effectively without their involvement. Qri, Eunjung, Hyomin and Jiyeon had previously extended their terms with MBK Entertainment until December 31, 2017.", "Q3057891": "Pedro Eleodoro Paulet Mostajo (July 2, 1874 \u2013 January 30, 1945) was a Peruvian diplomat who allegedly in 1895 was the first person to build a liquid-propellant rocket engine and, in 1900, the first person to build a modern rocket propulsion system. German V-2 inventor Wernher von Braun considered Paulet one of the \"fathers of aeronautics.\" The National Air & Space Museum in Washington, D.C., has a small plaque honoring the memory of Paulet.", "Q326460": "Siegfried Salomo Lipiner (24 October 1856 \u2013 30 December 1911) was an Austrian writer and poet whose works made an impression on Richard Wagner and Friedrich Nietzsche, but who published nothing after 1880 and lived out his life as Librarian of Parliament in Vienna. A poet and dramatist of highly individual character, he is today remembered in German-speaking literary circles mainly for his translations of the Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz; he is also known to music history as having been a close friend of Gustav Mahler.", "Q971498": "Meihekou (Chinese: \u6885\u6cb3\u53e3; pinyin: M\u00e9ih\u00e9k\u01d2u; literally: 'Plum River Mouth') is a city of 600,000 in Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It is a regional transport hub, connecting three railway lines, all of which are single track, and 2 national highways. The city is also a major lorry transshipment point in the region as it is also the junction of two trunk roads, connected to Liaoyuan in the northwest. The city is administratively a county-level city of the prefecture-level city of Tonghua, and is its northernmost county-level division.", "Q63618": "Dominique Perben (born 11 August 1945) is a French politician. Born in Lyon, he was French Minister of Transportation from 2005 to 2007. He was previously Minister of Justice (2002\u201305), Minister of Civil Service and Administration (1995\u20131997) and Minister of Overseas France (1993\u20131995).\nPerben has been a Deputy (or MP) in the National Assembly for the fifth district of Sa\u00f4ne-et-Loire from 1986 to 2003. He has been Mayor of Chalon-sur-Sa\u00f4ne from 1989 to 2003.\nHe was a candidate for mayor in Lyon in 2008. Following his defeat against the incumbent socialist mayor Gerard Collomb, he announced in 2010 that he would remove himself from politics and rejoin his previous career as a lawyer.\n\n", "Q1387901": "Justin Karl Michael Broadrick (born 15 August 1969) is a British singer, songwriter, guitarist and drummer. He is best known as a founding member of the band Godflesh, one of the first bands to combine elements of extreme metal and industrial music. He was briefly in the English grindcore band Napalm Death when he was a teenager in the mid-1980s, writing and recording guitar for Side One of Napalm Death's debut album, Scum. Broadrick has also maintained a parallel career as a producer, producing records and remixes for groups such as Pantera, Isis, Mogwai and Hydra Head labelmates Pelican. Since 2012, he has been releasing hard techno music under the solo moniker JK Flesh. Broadrick has set up record labels such as HeadDirt, Avalanche Recordings, Post Mortem Productions (briefly renamed Uprising Productions), Lo Fibre and Heartache.", "Q317865": "Joplin, officially known as the City of Joplin, is a city in Jasper and Newton counties in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Missouri. The bulk of the city is in Jasper County, while the southern portion is in Newton County. Joplin is the largest city in Jasper County - even though it is not the county seat, and it is the 12th most-populous city in the state. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 50,150. The city covers an area of 35.69 square miles (92.41 km2) on the outer edge of the Ozark Mountains. Joplin is the main hub of the three-county Joplin-Miami, Missouri-Oklahoma Metro area, which is home to 210,077 people making it the 5th largest metropolitan area in Missouri. In 2011, the city was ravaged by a violent EF5 tornado.\n\n", "Q288189": "Nexhmije Hoxha (Albanian pronunciation: [n\u025bd\u0292\u02c8mij\u025b \u02c8h\u0254d\u0292a]; n\u00e9e Xhuglini; 8 February 1921 \u2013 26 February 2020) was the wife of Albanian communist leader, First Secretary Enver Hoxha.", "Q15793680": "Cas Anvar (Persian: \u06a9\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u200e) is a Canadian actor, voice actor, and writer.\n\n", "Q81845": "Angel of Evil (Italian: Vallanzasca \u2013 Gli angeli del male, also known as Vallanzasca - Angels of Evil) is a 2010 Italian crime film directed by Michele Placido. It is based on the biography Il fiore del male. Bandito a Milano (The flower of evil. Bandit in Milan) of bank robber Renato Vallanzasca, by Italian journalist Carlo Bonini.", "Q370626": "William G. Biggart (July 20, 1947 \u2013 September 11, 2001) was an American freelance photojournalist and a victim of the September 11 attacks, notable for his street-view photographs of the event before being killed by the collapse of the World Trade Center's North Tower. He was the only professional photographer to be killed while covering the attacks.On September 15, 2001, Biggart's remains were discovered along with a bag containing his three cameras and the CompactFlash card from which his last photographs were recovered. The photos were used in the October 15, 2001 issue of Newsweek. His photographs from 9/11 were exhibited at the International Center of Photography and the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History. They have also been preserved on the Internet by The Digital Journalist.", "Q2498858": "The Parti Populaire Fran\u00e7ais (French Popular Party) was a French fascist and anti-semitic political party led by Jacques Doriot before and during World War II. It is generally regarded as the most collaborationist party of France.", "Q1240286": "Donald Thomas \"Don\" Regan (December 21, 1918 \u2013 June 10, 2003) was the 66th United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1981 to 1985 and the White House Chief of Staff from 1985 to 1987 under Ronald Reagan. In the Reagan administration, he advocated \"Reaganomics\" and tax cuts as a means to create jobs and to stimulate production.\nEarlier in his life, he had studied at Harvard University before he served in the United States Marine Corps, achieving the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1946 he started to work for Merrill Lynch. He served as its chairman and CEO from 1971 to 1980.\n\n", "Q2850465": "Anna Mar\u00eda Birul\u00e9s i Bertr\u00e1n (born 28 June 1954) is a Spanish politician and businesswoman. She served as Minister of Science and Technology of Spain from April 2000 to July 2002.\n\n", "Q366044": "Daniel \"Dee\" Snider (born March 15, 1955) is an American singer-songwriter, screenwriter, radio personality, and actor. Snider came to prominence in the early 1980s as lead singer and songwriter of the heavy metal band Twisted Sister. He was ranked 83 in the Hit Parader's Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time.", "Q994372": "The Town of East Hampton is located in southeastern Suffolk County, New York, at the eastern end of the South Shore of Long Island. It is the easternmost town in the state of New York. At the time of the United States 2010 Census, it had a total population of 21,457.\nThe town includes the village of East Hampton, as well as the hamlets of Montauk, Amagansett, Wainscott, and Springs. It also includes part of the incorporated village of Sag Harbor.\nEast Hampton is located on a peninsula, bordered on the south by the Atlantic Ocean, to the east by Block Island Sound and to the north by Gardiners Bay, Napeague Bay and Fort Pond Bay. To the west is western Long Island, reaching to the East River and New York City. The Town has eight state parks, most located at the water's edge.\nThe town consists of 70 square miles (180 km2) and stretches nearly 25 miles (40 km), from Wainscott in the west to Montauk Point in the east. It is about six miles (10 km) wide at its widest point and less than a mile at its narrowest point. The town has jurisdiction over Gardiners Island, which is one of the largest privately owned islands in the United States. The town has 70 miles (110 km) of shoreline.", "Q446865": "Nikolai Platonovich Patrushev (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432, tr. Nikolay Platonovich Patrushev) (born 11 July 1951) is a Russian politician and security and intelligence officer. He served as Director of the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB), which is the main successor organization to the Soviet KGB (excluding foreign intelligence), from 1999 to 2008, and he has been Secretary of the Security Council of Russia since 2008.", "Q573174": "Lieutenant-Colonel Anthony William Durnford (24 June 1830 \u2013 22 January 1879) was an Irish career British Army officer of the Royal Engineers who served in the Anglo-Zulu War. Breveted colonel, Durnford is mainly known for his defeat by the Zulus at the Battle of Isandlwana, which was a disaster for the British Army.", "Q160499": "Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-P\u00e9rigord (, French: [\u0283a\u0281l m\u0254\u0281is d\u0259 tal(\u025b)\u0281\u0251\u0303 pe\u0281i\u0261\u0254\u0281, - mo\u0281-]; 2 February 1754 \u2013 17 May 1838), 1st Prince of Benevento, then Prince of Talleyrand, was a French politician and diplomat. After theology studies, he became Agent-General of the Clergy in 1780 and represented the Catholic Church to the French Crown. He worked at the highest levels of successive French governments, most commonly as foreign minister or in some other diplomatic capacity. His career spanned the regimes of Louis XVI, the years of the French Revolution, Napoleon, Louis XVIII, and Louis-Philippe. Those Talleyrand served often distrusted him but, like Napoleon, found him extremely useful. The name \"Talleyrand\" has become a byword for crafty, cynical diplomacy.\nHe was Napoleon's chief diplomat during the years when French military victories brought one European state after another under French hegemony. However, most of the time, Talleyrand worked for peace so as to consolidate France's gains. He succeeded in obtaining peace with Austria through the 1801 Treaty of Luneville and with Britain in the 1802 Treaty of Amiens. He could not prevent the renewal of war in 1803 but by 1805, he opposed his emperor's renewed wars against Austria, Prussia, and Russia. He resigned as foreign minister in August 1807, but retained the trust of Napoleon and conspired to undermine the emperor's plans through secret dealings with Tsar Alexander of Russia and Austrian minister Metternich. Talleyrand sought a negotiated secure peace so as to perpetuate the gains of the French revolution. Napoleon rejected peace and, when he fell in 1814, Talleyrand eased the Bourbon restoration decided by the Allies. He played a major role at the Congress of Vienna in 1814\u20131815, where he negotiated a favourable settlement for France and played a role in decisions regarding the undoing of Napoleon's conquests.\nTalleyrand polarizes scholarly opinion. Some regard him as one of the most versatile, skilled and influential diplomats in European history, and some believe that he was a traitor, betraying in turn the Ancien R\u00e9gime, the French Revolution, Napoleon, and the Restoration.", "Q163190": "Lajos Parti Nagy (Szeksz\u00e1rd, October 12, 1953 \u2013) Kossuth Prize winner Hungarian poet, playwright, writer, editor, critic, one of the founding members of the Digital Literary Academy.", "Q474169": "Amorphis is a Finnish heavy metal band founded by Jan Rechberger, Tomi Koivusaari, and Esa Holopainen in 1990. Initially, the band was a death metal act, but on later albums they evolved into playing other genres, including progressive metal, and folk metal. They frequently use the Kalevala, the epic poem of Finland, as a source for their lyrics.", "Q76573": "Dankmar Adler (July 3, 1844 \u2013 April 16, 1900) was a German-born American architect and civil engineer. He is best known for his fifteen-year partnership with Louis Sullivan, during which they designed influential skyscrapers that boldly addressed their steel skeleton through their exterior design: the Wainwright Building in St. Louis, Missouri (1891), the Chicago Stock Exchange Building (1894), and the Guaranty Building in Buffalo, New York (1896).", "Q388823": "\u015eener \u015een (born 26 December 1941) is a Turkish film and theatre actor who has won the Golden Orange for Best Actor twice for his roles in Mr. Muhsin (1985) and Lovelorn (2005), the Golden Orange for Best Supporting Actor for \u00c7\u00f6p\u00e7\u00fcler Kral\u0131 (1977) and a Golden Orange Lifetime Achievement Award.", "Q258800": "Cachorro (known as Bear Cub in English-speaking markets) is a 2004 Spanish gay-themed (in particular, the gay bear community) drama film written and directed by Miguel Albaladejo. It is about a bearish gay man who ends up looking after his nephew while his sister goes away to India and in turn makes him develop a fatherly bond with the boy as well as forcing him to alter his lifestyle. The Spanish word cachorro describes any young, furry animal such as a cub or puppy.", "Q1606024": "Henri Temianka (19 November 1906 \u2013 7 November 1992) was a virtuoso violinist, conductor, author and music educator.", "Q323518": "Olaf Holger Axel F\u00f8nss (17 October 1882 \u2013 11 March 1949) was a Danish actor, director, producer, film censor and one of Denmark and Germany's biggest stars of the silent film era.", "Q276525": "Paul Stephen Rudd (born April 6, 1969) is an American actor, comedian, and filmmaker. He studied theater at the University of Kansas and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts before making his acting debut in 1992 with the NBC drama series Sisters.Rudd's films include Clueless (1995), Romeo + Juliet (1996), Wet Hot American Summer (2001), Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004), The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Knocked Up (2007), This Is 40 (2012), Mute (2018), and Ideal Home (2018). He also has played Ant-Man in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in Ant-Man (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019).In addition to his film career, Rudd has appeared in numerous television shows, including the NBC sitcom Friends as Mike Hannigan, along with guest roles on Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! and Parks and Recreation, and has also hosted Saturday Night Live. He currently stars in a dual role in the Netflix comedy series Living with Yourself, for which he earned a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in July 2015. He was named as part of the Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2019.", "Q69453": "Erlach (French: Cerlier) is the capital municipality of the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.", "Q372031": "Peddlin' in Society (Italian: Abbasso la ricchezza!) is a 1946 Italian romance-drama film directed by Gennaro Righelli.", "Q103664": "Vladimir Kagan (August 29, 1927 \u2013 April 7, 2016) was an American furniture designer. He was inducted in the Interior Designer Hall of Fame in 2009, 62 years after he started designing and producing furniture.\nHis Midcentury modern furniture with \"Sinuous wooden frame characteristics\" has a modern feel. His style, inspired by everything from antiques and nature to the Bauhaus, emphasizes comfort and functionality.\nHe was married to the embroidery designer Erica Wilson (1928\u20132011). Together they had three children.", "Q16287": "The former Province of Turin (Italian: Provincia di Torino; Piedmontese: Provincia \u00ebd Turin; French: Province de Turin) was a province in the Piedmont region of Italy. Its capital was the city of Turin. The province existed until 31 December 2014, when it was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Turin.", "Q229021": "Tricia Janine Helfer (born April 11, 1974) is a Canadian actress, voice actress and former model. She is best known for playing the Cylon model Number Six in Ronald D. Moore's re-imagined Battlestar Galactica series (2004\u20132009) and voicing Sarah Kerrigan in the StarCraft video games (2010\u20132015). She played Charlotte Richards / Mom on the FOX series Lucifer (2016\u20132018).", "Q332415": "Absolute Giganten is a 1999 German language film written and directed by Sebastian Schipper, produced by Stefan Arndt and Tom Tykwer. Set in Hamburg, it depicts how a group of young Germans react to the prospect of one of them leaving forever, and involves drink, V8 engines, and an extraordinary game of table football.\nIt was Schipper's first movie as a director. In the year 2000 the movie won the German Film Award in the category Outstanding Feature Film.", "Q155422": "Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (Maria Nikolaevna Romanova); Russian: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430, 26 June [O.S. 14 June] 1899 \u2013 17 July 1918) was the third daughter of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna. Her murder following the Russian Revolution of 1917 resulted in her canonization as a passion bearer by the Russian Orthodox Church.\nDuring her lifetime, Maria, too young to become a Red Cross nurse like her elder sisters during World War I, was patroness of a hospital and instead visited wounded soldiers. Throughout her lifetime she was noted for her interest in the lives of the soldiers. The flirtatious Maria had a number of innocent crushes on the young men she met, beginning in early childhood. She hoped to marry and have a large family.\nShe was an elder sister of Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia, whose alleged escape from the assassination of the imperial family was rumored for nearly 90 years. However, it was later proven that Anastasia did not escape. In the 1990s, it was suggested that Maria might have been the grand duchess whose remains were missing from the Romanov grave that was discovered near Yekaterinburg, Russia and exhumed in 1991. However, further remains were discovered in 2007, and DNA analysis subsequently proved that the entire Imperial family had been murdered in 1918. A funeral for the remains of Maria and Alexei to be buried with their family in October 2015 was postponed indefinitely by the Russian Orthodox Church, which took custody of the remains in December and declared without explanation that the case required further study; the 44 partial bone fragments remain stored in a Russian state repository.", "Q267428": "Arthur Leon Barr (October 8, 1966 \u2013 November 23, 1994) was an American professional wrestler. While he wrestled briefly for World Championship Wrestling, he found his greatest success in Mexico's Asistencia Asesor\u00eda y Administraci\u00f3n promotion.\n\n", "Q105201": "Friedrich Wilhelm Schubert (20 May 1799 in K\u00f6nigsberg \u2013 21 July 1868 in K\u00f6nigsberg) was a German historian.\nHe studied at the universities of K\u00f6nigsberg and Berlin, becoming an associate professor at K\u00f6nigsberg in 1823. In 1826 he was named a full professor of medieval and modern history and of constitutional law at the university.He was a member of the Frankfurt National Assembly and Erfurt Union Parliament. He held a seat in the Prussian Lower Chamber (1849\u201352, 1858\u201363) and from 1864 onward, represented the University of K\u00f6nigsberg at the Prussian House of Lords.", "Q362236": "Chris Owen (born September 25, 1980) is an American actor and photographer. He is best known for his role as Chuck Sherman, a.k.a.The Sherminator in the American Pie film franchise, appearing in American Pie, American Pie 2, American Pie Presents: Band Camp and American Reunion. Aside from Eugene Levy, he is the only actor from the theatrical features to appear in the \"American Pie Presents:\" direct-to-video spin-off movies.", "Q66774": "Ulli Lommel (21 December 1944 \u2013 2 December 2017) was a German actor and director, noted for his many collaborations with Rainer Werner Fassbinder and his association with the New German Cinema movement. Lommel spent time at The Factory and was a creative associate of Andy Warhol, with whom he made several films and works of art. Since 1977 he lived and worked in the United States, where he wrote, directed and starred in over 50 movies.", "Q1319495": "Julian M. Richings (born 30 August, 1956) is an English-born Canadian actor. He has appeared in over 50 films and 20 television series.", "Q69447": "Frieda Lawrence (August 11, 1879 \u2013 August 11, 1956) was a German literary figure mainly known for her marriage to the British novelist D.H. Lawrence.\n\n", "Q435647": "Megan Boone (born April 29, 1983) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as FBI agent and profiler Elizabeth Keen on the NBC drama series The Blacklist. She is a regular on Law & Order: LA and Blue Bloods and has appeared in films such as My Bloody Valentine 3D (2009) and Step Up Revolution (2012).", "Q153047": "Ion Constantin Br\u0103tianu (Romanian pronunciation: [i\u02c8on br\u0259ti\u02c8anu]; June 2, 1821 \u2013 May 16, 1891) was one of the major political figures of 19th-century Romania. He was the son of Dinc\u0103 Br\u0103tianu and the younger brother of Dimitrie, as well as the father of Ionel, Dinu, and Vintil\u0103 Br\u0103tianu. He also was the grandfather of poet Ion Pillat.", "Q71208": "Heinrich Dernburg (3 March 1829 \u2013 25 November 1907) was a German jurist, professor, and politician. Born in Mainz, Grand Duchy of Hesse, he was the brother of Friedrich Dernburg and the maternal grandfather of the historian Heinrich Sproemberg.\nOf Jewish origin, Dernburg was baptized as a Christian together with his family in 1841. He was educated at the gymnasium of Mainz and the universities of Gie\u00dfen and Berlin, graduating from the latter in 1851. In the same year he became Privat-docent of the juridical faculty of the University of Heidelberg. In 1852 he was called to Z\u00fcrich as assistant professor, and was appointed professor in 1855. In 1862 he accepted a similar position in the University of Halle, which he represented in the Prussian House of Lords from 1866 to 1873, when he became professor of Roman and Prussian law in the University of Berlin. He reentered the Herrenhaus in 1873. With Brinckmann and others he founded in 1851 the Kritische Zeitschrift f\u00fcr die Gesammte Rechtswissenschaft.\nDernburg was one of the leading experts for Prussian civil law as codified in the ALR. His work sought to keep a balance between \"mercantile interests\" and \"social utopias\". Unlike other Pandect scholars of his time, Dernburg was never accused of advocating a doctrinary and reactionary form of legal positivism.", "Q322612": "Erleuchtung garantiert (Enlightenment Guaranteed) is a 2000 German film directed by Doris D\u00f6rrie about two brothers, Uwe (Uwe Ochsenknecht) and Gustav (Gustav-Peter W\u00f6hler), who travel to Japan to sort out the mess of their lives. Their plan is to visit the Sojiji Monastery in Monzen, near Tokyo. On their way there, in a rather literal Buddhist moment, they lose all of their belongings. When they at last make it to the monastery, they find that even there, enlightenment can be elusive.\nThe first lesson of the Buddha is that \"life is suffering\". At the beginning of the film, we are taken into the troubled lives of the two brothers. Each man is experiencing a mid life crisis of his own that will ultimately bring them closer together. With four young children, Uwe and his wife Petra have their plates full. Lacking compassion for each other's burdens, they constantly are bickering. After a particularly stressful morning of playing children bright and early (and waking the couple's infant daughter who had kept Petra up most of the night), Uwe is particularly disrespectful to his wife. While he is at work as a real estate agent of sorts, his wife packs up most of their belongings and moves out. Uwe finds a note when he comes home and is immediately distressed to tears.\nMeanwhile, his brother Gustav is having troubles of his own. Unlike his brother (who is the type to smoke a cigarette after going jogging), Gustav is a Zen Buddhist enthusiast. His burdens are internal; he is afraid of making mistakes and also afraid of fear itself. He has been planning a trip to a monastery in Monzen (far away from Tokyo) to find himself. Uwe, in a great state of distress (and drunk), asks his brother to take him along. After much hesitation, Gustav buys his brother a ticket and the adventure really begins.\nThis film could almost be a sequel to Men..., D\u00f6rrie's landmark 1980s film with the same starring actors (albeit as different characters) and a similar existential storyline, and was sometimes billed as such.", "Q103670": "Karin Binder (born 28 August 1957) is a German politician and member of the \"Die Linke.\"\nFrom 1975 till 1998 she was a member of the SPD. In 2005 she became a member of Die Linke. She has been a member of the Bundestag since 2005. She was re-elected in 2009 and 2013. She did not seek re-election in 2017.\n\n", "Q1631844": "Howard Kaylan (born Howard Kaplan, June 22, 1947) is an American rock and roll musician and writer, best known as a founding member and lead singer of the 1960s band The Turtles, and as \"Eddie\" in the 1970s rock band Flo & Eddie.", "Q537722": "Gerald \"Jerry\" Wexler (January 10, 1917 \u2013 August 15, 2008) was a music journalist turned music producer, and was one of the main record industry players behind music from the 1950s through the 1980s. He coined the term \"rhythm and blues\", and was integral in signing and/or producing many of the biggest acts of the time, including Ray Charles, the Allman Brothers, Chris Connor, Aretha Franklin, Led Zeppelin, Wilson Pickett, Dire Straits, Dusty Springfield and Bob Dylan. Wexler was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987 and in 2017 to the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame.", "Q326474": "The death of Neda Agha-Soltan (Persian: \u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0622\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u200e \u2013 Ned\u00e2 \u00c2gh\u00e2-Solt\u00e2n; 23 January 1983 \u2013 20 June 2009) drew worldwide attention after she was shot dead during the 2009 Iranian election protests. Agha-Soltan, a student of philosophy, was participating in the protests with her music teacher, and was walking back to her car when she was fatally shot in the chest.\nEyewitnesses are reported by western sources as saying Agha-Soltan was shot by the Basij, a paramilitary organization. Her death was captured on video by bystanders and broadcast over the Internet, and the video became a rallying point for the opposition. Agha-Soltan's death became iconic in the struggle of Iranian protesters against the disputed election of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.\n\n", "Q107416": "Martin Lewis Perl (June 24, 1927 \u2013 September 30, 2014) was an American chemical engineer and physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995 for his discovery of the tau lepton.\n\n", "Q182408": "Glenda May Jackson (born 9 May 1936) is an English actress and politician. A professional actress from the late 1950s onwards, Jackson spent four years as a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company from 1964, and was particularly associated with the work of director Peter Brook. She has won two Academy Awards for Best Actress: for Women in Love (1970) and A Touch of Class (1973). She has also won awards for her performances as Alex in the film Sunday Bloody Sunday and in the BBC television serial Elizabeth R (both 1971); receiving two Primetime Emmy Awards for the latter. In 2018, Jackson won a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her performance in a revival of Edward Albee's Three Tall Women, and is thus one of the few performers to have achieved the \"triple crown of acting\".\nJackson has also had a career in politics, which began in 1992, when she was elected as the Labour Party MP for Hampstead and Highgate. Early in the government of Tony Blair, she served as a junior transport minister from 1997 to 1999, later becoming critical of Blair. After constituency-boundary changes, from 2010 she represented Hampstead and Kilburn. At the general election in that year, her majority of 42 votes was one of the closest results of the entire election. She announced in 2011 that she would stand down at the 2015 general election.", "Q161793": "Manuel Asur (Manuel Asur GONZ\u00c1LEZ GARC\u00cdA) (G\u00fceria Carrocera, San Mart\u00edn del Rey Aurelio, Asturias, 1947) is a Spanish essayist and poet in Asturian. He's considered to be one of the first modern poets in this language. He has a Ph.D degree in Philosophy. His book, Cancios y poemes pa un riscar ('Songs and Poems to a Dawn') meant the beginning in 1977 of the rebirth (Asturian surdimientu) of asturian literature, because he contributed with a poetry more newfangled and risked than anything written before in this language. Most of their works talk about the socio-political facts of the moment. Some of their poems became very popular in Asturias in the 1970s since the group Nuberu used them as lyrics for their songs. He wrote also a narrative book in 1987, Hai una llinia trazada ('There's a Drawn Line'), with short stories that he say to consider \"almost monologues\". He's a current articulist of La Nueva Espa\u00f1a publications and works in the Consejer\u00eda de Medio Rural y Pesca del Principado de Asturias.", "Q90784": "Gesine Mei\u00dfner (born 22 February 1952) is a German politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 until 2019. She is a member of the Free Democratic Party, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.", "Q1686156": "Sian Evans (born 9 October 1971) is a Welsh singer. Throughout the 2000s, she was front woman and singer-songwriter of the band Kosheen, a trip-hop/drum & bass group that, during that decade, placed two albums within the Top Ten of the UK Albums Chart. She has also joined a list of Welsh artists to have topped the UK singles chart with collaboration on the track 'Louder' with DJ Fresh. Kosheen disbanded in 2016.", "Q370632": "Giovanni Lombardo Radice (born 23 September 1954, Rome, Italy) is an Italian film actor, better known to audiences as John Morghen.\nRadice is best known for his villainous roles in Italian horror films, and notably for the spectacular and gruesome death scenes his characters semi-regularly fall victim to. In several interviewe, he reportedly stated that he wished he had never portrayed Mike Logan in Cannibal Ferox, criticizing the movie for being both fascist and racist and abusive towards animals. Radice created his stage name, John Morghen, by taking the anglicized form of his first name (Giovanni becomes John) and using his grandmother's maiden name as his last name (Morghen). His family practically disowned him when they discovered he was using his family name to create incredibly violent films.Radice's uncle is Pietro Ingrao, the first member of the Italian Communist Party to be Head of Parliament in the 1970s. Radice nowadays often posts texts criticizing social injustice, capitalism and corruption in Italy.\nRadice has written about having a cocaine addiction when younger.", "Q319684": "Rigas Feraios (Greek: \u03a1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c2, or Rhegas Pheraeos, pronounced [\u02c8ri\u0263as f\u025b\u02c8r\u025b\u0254s]) or Velestinlis (\u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2, or Velestinles, pronounced [v\u025bl\u025bstin\u02c8lis])) ; 1757 \u2013 24 June 1798) was a Greek writer, political thinker and revolutionary, active in the Modern Greek Enlightenment, remembered as a Greek national hero, a victim of the Balkan uprising against the Ottoman Empire and a pioneer of the Greek War of Independence.\n\n", "Q1759246": "A theatrical producer is a person who oversees all aspects of mounting a theatre production. The producer is responsible for the overall financial and managerial functions of a production or venue, raises or provides financial backing, and hires personnel for creative positions (writer, director, designers, composer, choreographer\u2014and in some cases, performers).\nThe independent producer usually initiates the production\u2014finding the script and starting the process. The producer finds the director and pursues the primary goals, to balance and coordinate business and financial aspects in the service of the creative realization of the playwright's vision. This may include casting, but often only includes casting approval. The producer may secure funds for the production, either through their own company or by bringing investors into the production in a limited partnership agreement. In this business structure, the producer becomes the general partner with unlimited liability, and because of this, often brings in other general partners. The producer probably has optioned the play from the playwright, which includes rights to future production for film and television. The producer earns the right to future ventures because the original theatrical production enhances the value of an artistic property. This right to further options may be included in the royalty agreement. In other duties, the producer may work with theatrical agents, negotiate with unions, find other staff, secure the theatre and rehearsal hall, obtain liability and workers' compensation insurance, and post bonds with unions.\nThe producer handles the business and legal end of employing staff, as in any business entity. Hiring creative staff and teams generally involves the director and playwright's approval. The producer hires the production team, including the general manager, production manager, house manager, stage manager, etc., at their discretion. In many cases, contracts require that the producer use front of house staff (such as the house manager, box office, ushers, etc.) and backstage personnel (stage hands, electrician, carpenter, etc.) supplied by the theatre.\nThe producer creates, builds on and oversees the budget, sets ticket prices, chooses performance dates and times, and develops a marketing and advertising strategy for the production. Hiring a publicist and marketing team is one of the most important responsibilities of the producer. These teams are generally in place before the show is cast. \nThe producer collaborates with the director and all staff to plan a production timeline and deadlines for various aspects of the production to ensure a successful show opening and run. The producer and director oversee this timeline, with periodic re-assessment and modifications as needed.\nThe producer hires accountants, and perhaps already has legal representation. This is important, because of the liability issues mentioned above. All bills, including payroll, must be paid on time, and taxes must be paid. The producer oversees the budget. The theatre owner provides box office services and turns over net ticket sales revenue. If sales fall under a set minimum level, the unprofitable show may close. If ticket sales are good and the show makes a profit, the producer may get 50% of the net profit, the other 50% going to the investors. Statistically, highly successful shows with big profits are the exception. Independent commercial production is a high risk business.\nAnother kind of producer is the non-independent, or line producer, who facilitates other people's projects. A repertory or repertoire or festival or non-profit or amateur organization, in most cases, uses a managing director, and creative decisions fall to the artistic director. In theatres with no managing director, artistic directors often use the title producing artistic director or managing artistic director, to indicate a higher level of responsibility. \nIn the commercial world of Broadway, New York City and West End, London and touring, both nationally and internationally, producers are expected to be active members of the team, and their names appear above the show title. However, many \"producers\" are really investors or the theatre owner, and claim no say in running the production. A producer credit occasionally applies to people who perform special important services, such as finding a theatre or a star\u2014but normally, the credit for such roles is associate producer. The producer works closely with the production team and cast to make all final decisions. The producer, ultimately, is one of the most important roles in a theatrical production.", "Q337579": "\"Acad\u00e9mie Royale\" redirects here; not to be confused with the Acad\u00e9mie Royale des Beaux-Arts or the Acad\u00e9mie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts, both in Brussels.\n\nThe Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture (French: Acad\u00e9mie royale de peinture et de sculpture, French pronunciation: \u200b[akademi \u0281wajal d\u0259 p\u025b\u0303ty\u0281 e d\u0259 skylty\u0281]; Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture) was founded in 1648 and located in Paris, France. It was the premier art institution of France during the latter part of the Ancien R\u00e9gime, until it was abolished in 1793, during the French Revolution. It included most of the important painters and sculptors, maintained almost total control of teaching and exhibitions, and afforded its members preference in royal commissions.", "Q8820": "Lucius Varius Rufus (; c.\u200974 \u2013 14 BC) was a Roman poet of the early Augustan age.\nHe was a friend of Virgil, after whose death he and Plotius Tucca prepared the Aeneid for publication, and of Horace, for whom he and Virgil obtained an introduction to Maecenas. Horace spoke of him as a master of epic and the only poet capable of celebrating the achievements of Vipsanius Agrippa (Odes, i.6); Virgil (under the name of Lycidas, Ecl. ix.35) regretted that he had hitherto produced nothing comparable to the work of Varius or Helvius Cinna.\nMacrobius (Saturnalia, vi. I, 39; 2, 19) states that Varius composed an epic poem De Morte, some lines of which are quoted as having been imitated or appropriated by Virgil; Horace (Sat. i.10, 43) probably alluded to another epic, and, according to the scholiast on Epistles, i.16, 2 729, these three lines were taken bodily from a panegyric of Varius on Augustus.\nVarius's most famous literary production was the tragedy Thyestes, which Quintilian (Inst. Orat. x.1, 98) declared fit to rank with any of the Greek tragedies. The didascalia (which is preserved in a Paris manuscript) states that it was produced at the games celebrated in 29 BC by Octavian in honour of the victory at Actium, and that Varius received a present of a million sesterces from the Roman ruler.\nFragments of Varius's works are located in E. Bahrens, Frag. Poetarum Romanorum (1886); monographs by A. Weichert (1836) and R. Unger (1870, 1878, 1898); Martin Schanz, Geschichte der r\u00f6mischen Litteratur (1899), ii.1; Teuffel, Hist. of Roman Literature (Eng. trans., 1900), 223.", "Q34754": "Somaliland (Somali: Somaliland; Arabic: \u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u200e \u1e62\u016bm\u0101l\u012bl\u0101nd, \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u200e Ar\u1e0d a\u1e63-\u1e62\u016bm\u0101l), officially the Republic of Somaliland (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland, Arabic: \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u200e Jumh\u016br\u012byat \u1e62\u016bm\u0101l\u012bl\u0101nd), is a self-declared state, internationally considered to be an autonomous region of Somalia. The government of the de facto state of Somaliland regards itself as the successor state to the former British Somaliland protectorate, which, in the form of the briefly independent State of Somaliland, united as scheduled on 1 July 1960 with the Trust Territory of Somaliland (the former Italian Somaliland) to form the Somali Republic.Somaliland lies in northwestern Somalia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden. It is bordered by the remainder of Somalia (per international recognition) to the east, Djibouti to the northwest, and Ethiopia to the south and west. Its claimed territory has an area of 176,120 square kilometres (68,000 sq mi), with approximately 4 million residents. The capital and the largest city is Hargeisa, with the population of around 1,500,000 residents.In 1988, the Siad Barre government began a crackdown against the Hargeisa-based Somali National Movement (SNM) and other militant groups, which were among the events that led to the Somali Civil War. The conflict left the country's economic and military infrastructure severely damaged. Following the collapse of Barre's government in early 1991, local authorities, led by the SNM, unilaterally declared independence from Somalia on 18 May of the same year and reinstated the borders of the former short-lived independent State of Somaliland.Since then, the territory has been governed by democratically elected governments that seek international recognition as the Government of the Republic of Somaliland (Somali: Dowlada Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland, Arabic: \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u200e Dawlat Jumh\u016br\u012byat \u1e62\u016bm\u0101l\u012bl\u0101nd). The central government maintains informal ties with some foreign governments, who have sent delegations to Hargeisa. Ethiopia also maintains a trade office in the region. However, Somaliland's self-proclaimed independence is not recognised by any country or international organisation. It is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, an advocacy group whose members consist of indigenous peoples, minorities and unrecognised or occupied territories.", "Q4889934": "Benny Andrews (November 13, 1930 \u2013 November 10, 2006) was an American of mixed African and European ancestry painter, printmaker, and creator of collages. During the 1950s, he studied at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, where he began to take an interest in painting. In 1958, he moved to New York City to pursue artistic and activist work. Among other successes, he created art education programs to serve underprivileged students at Queens College and participated actively in the Black Emergency Cultural Coalition (1969). His advocacy of artists of color Howardena Pindell, Sam Gilliam, Roy DeCarava, and others contributed to their increasing visibility and reputation in museums and the historical canon. He received many awards, including the John Hay Whitney Fellowship (1965\u201366), the New York Council on the Arts fellowships (1971\u201381), and the National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship (1974\u201381).\n\n", "Q1576209": "Peter & the Wolf (Polish: Piotru\u015b i wilk) is a short Polish-British-Norwegian-Mexican-Swiss stop-motion animated film released in 2006. Written and directed by Suzie Templeton and scenography by Marek Skrobecki, it was made in Se-ma-for Studios in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a and has been shown in cinemas, sometimes with live musical accompaniment.\nThe film is based on the story of Peter and the Wolf as set to the music Sergei Prokofiev in 1936. Unlike the usual version of Prokofiev's work, the film has no narrator but relies on music and images to tell the story. A new recording of Prokofiev's music was made to accompany the cinema and television release. The recording was made by the Philharmonia Orchestra and conducted by Mark Stephenson.", "Q1322403": "The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando), located on the Calle de Alcal\u00e1 in the heart of Madrid, currently functions as a museum and gallery.\nThe academy was established by royal decree in 1744. About twenty years later, the enlightened monarch Charles III purchased a palace in Madrid as the academy's new home. The building had been designed by Jos\u00e9 Benito de Churriguera for the Goyeneche family. The king commissioned Diego de Villanueva to convert the building for academic use, employing a neoclassical style in place of Churriguera's baroque design.\nDoubling as a museum and gallery, today it houses a fine art collection of paintings from the 15th to 20th centuries: Arcimboldo, Giovanni Bellini, Antonio Allegri da Correggio, Guido Reni, Rubens, Giovanni Battista Beinaschi, Zurbar\u00e1n, Murillo, Fragonard, Goya, Giuseppe Pirovani (one rare Portrait of George Washington), Juan Gris, Pablo Serrano, Lorenzo Quiros, among others. The academy is also the headquarters of the Madrid Academy of Art.\nThe first graduate of the academy was B\u00e1rbara Mar\u00eda Hueva.Francisco Goya was once one of the academy's directors, and its alumni include Felip Pedrell, Pablo Picasso, Kiko Arg\u00fcello, Salvador Dal\u00ed, Antonio L\u00f3pez Garc\u00eda, Juan Luna, Oscar de la Renta, and Fernando Botero.", "Q252487": "Philip Levine (August 10, 1900 \u2013 October 18, 1987) was an imuno-hematologist whose clinical research advanced knowledge on the Rhesus factor, Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) and blood transfusion.", "Q111274": "Gisela Karau (birth name: Wilczynski; March 28, 1932 in Berlin \u2013 April 9, 2010 in Berlin) was an East German journalist and author of children's literature. Born in Berlin, she was married and had two children.", "Q120917": "Viola Amherd (born 7 June 1962, in Brig-Glis) is a Member of the Federal Council of Switzerland to which she was elected on 5 December 2018. \nFrom 1 January 2019, Amherd has been heading the Swiss Ministry of Defence, the first woman to serve in this position.", "Q96493": "Michael Sladek (born 1946) is a German doctor and bearer of the Bundesverdienstkreuz.\nHe became famous by realising a grid-independent system for producing electricity, by distributed little power plants. \nFor this he was awarded 1996 by the German magazine Capital with the Capital/ WWF - Umweltpreis. In 1999 he and his wife Ursula Sladek were awarded with the Nuclear-Free Future Award. In January 2004 the Sladek couple was awarded the highest order in Germany, the Bundesverdienstkreuz, for their great engagement for the environment.\nWith his system that combines an efficiency-strategy with a power saving strategy it became possible to satisfy the power consumption of the community Sch\u00f6nau in the Black-Forest. \nFollowing his engagement supported by his wife and many friends the first German green power-provider came into existence, the EWS Sch\u00f6nau.\nThe community of Sch\u00f6nau was the first community on Earth in a Western civilised country that became independent of the national power grid and could decide how the power will be produced.", "Q272031": "John Anthony White (n\u00e9 Gillis; born July 9, 1975) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and producer. He is best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the duo The White Stripes, but has also had success in other bands and as a solo artist. White has enjoyed consistent critical and popular success and is widely credited as one of the key artists in the garage rock revival of the 2000s. He has won twelve Grammy Awards, and all three of his solo albums have reached number one on the Billboard charts. Rolling Stone ranked him number 70 on its 2010 list of \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\". David Fricke's 2011 list ranked him at number 17.\nAfter moonlighting in several underground Detroit bands as a drummer, White founded The White Stripes with fellow Detroit native and then-wife Meg White in 1997. Their 2001 breakthrough album, White Blood Cells, brought them international fame with the hit single and accompanying music video \"Fell in Love with a Girl\". This recognition provided White opportunities to collaborate with famous artists, including Loretta Lynn and Bob Dylan. In 2005, White founded The Raconteurs with Brendan Benson, and in 2009 founded The Dead Weather with Alison Mosshart of The Kills. In 2008, he recorded \"Another Way to Die\" (the title song for the 2008 James Bond film Quantum of Solace) along with Alicia Keys, making them the only duet to perform a Bond song. On April 24, 2012, White released his debut solo album, Blunderbuss. His second studio album, Lazaretto, was released on June 10, 2014. His third studio album, Boarding House Reach, was released on March 23, 2018. All three records received wide commercial and critical success.\nWhite is a board member of the Library of Congress' National Recording Preservation Foundation. His record label and studio Third Man Records releases vinyl recordings of his own work as well as that of other artists and local school children. Lazaretto holds the record for most first-week vinyl sales since 1991. White has an extensive collection of guitars and other instruments and has a preference for vintage items that often have connections to famous blues artists. He is a vocal advocate for analog technology and recording techniques.\nWhite values his privacy and has been known to create misdirection about his personal life. He and Meg White married in 1996, but divorced in 2000 before the height of the band's fame. They then began calling themselves siblings. He was later married to model and singer Karen Elson from 2005 to 2013; they have a son and daughter. He currently resides in Nashville, Tennessee.", "Q358800": "Antoine \u00c9mile Henry Labeyrie (born 12 May 1943) is a French astronomer, who held the Observational astrophysics chair at the Coll\u00e8ge de France between 1991 and 2014, where he is currently professor emeritus. He is working with the Hypertelescope Lise association, which aims to develop an extremely large astronomical interferometer with spherical geometry that might theoretically show features on Earth-like worlds around other suns, as its president. He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences in the Sciences of the Universe (sciences de l'univers) section. Between 1995 and 1999 he was director of the Haute-Provence Observatory.\nLabeyrie graduated from the \"grande \u00e9cole\" SupOptique (\u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure d'optique). He invented speckle interferometry, and works with astronomical interferometers. Labeyrie concentrated particularly on the use of \"diluted optics\" beam combination or \"densified pupils\" of a similar type but larger scale than those Michelson used for measuring the diameters of stars in the 1920s, in contrast to other astronomical interferometer researchers who generally switched to pupil-plane beam combination in the 1980s and 1990s.\nThe main-belt asteroid 8788 Labeyrie (1978 VP2) is named in honor of Antoine \u00c9mile Henry Labeyrie and Catherine Labeyrie. In 2000, he was awarded The Benjamin Franklin Medal.", "Q437736": "Kari Bremnes (born 9 December 1956) is a Norwegian singer and songwriter.\nShe got an MA in language, literature, history and theatre studies from the University of Oslo, and worked as a journalist for several years before deciding to dedicate herself to music full-time.\nIn 1987 she received the Spellemann Award (Spellemannprisen) for the record Mitt ville hjerte, and in 1991 for the record Spor. With her two brothers, Lars Bremnes and Ola Bremnes, she received the prize for the record Sol\u00f8ye in 2001.\nShe was also deputy board chairman of the Norwegian Society of Composers and Lyricists.", "Q118250": "Alphons Egli (8 October 1924 \u2013 5 August 2016) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1983\u201386). He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 8 December 1982 and handed over office on 31 December 1986. He was affiliated to the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. During his time in office he held the Federal Department of Home Affairs and was President of the Confederation in 1986. Egli was a citizen of Entlebuch and Lucerne. He died on 5 August 2016, aged 91.", "Q94284": "Haven is a 2004 feature film set in the Cayman Islands, a British offshore financial centre. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2004. It is written and directed by native Caymanian Frank E. Flowers and filmed entirely in the 100-square-mile (260 km2) West Indian dependency.\nHaven is an ensemble film in which unconnected lives intersect and result in a violent chain of events that turns tranquility into chaos. It was released in limited theaters in the United States on September 15, 2006.\nThe film's tagline was \"Can love survive the fall of paradise?\"", "Q181667": "Washington Irving (April 3, 1783 \u2013 November 28, 1859) was an American short-story writer, essayist, biographer, historian, and diplomat of the early 19th century. He is best known for his short stories \"Rip Van Winkle\" (1819) and \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" (1820), both of which appear in his collection The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. His historical works include biographies of Oliver Goldsmith, Muhammad and George Washington, as well as several histories of 15th-century Spain that deal with subjects such as Alhambra, Christopher Columbus and the Moors.\nIrving served as ambassador to Spain from 1842 to 1846. He made his literary debut in 1802 with a series of observational letters to the Morning Chronicle, written under the pseudonym Jonathan Oldstyle. He moved to England for the family business in 1815 where he achieved fame with the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., serialized from 1819\u201320. He continued to publish regularly throughout his life, and he completed a five-volume biography of George Washington just eight months before his death at age 76 in Tarrytown, New York.\nIrving was one of the first American writers to earn acclaim in Europe, and he encouraged other American authors such as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Herman Melville and Edgar Allan Poe. He was also admired by some British writers, including Lord Byron, Thomas Campbell, Charles Dickens, Francis Jeffrey and Walter Scott. He advocated for writing as a legitimate profession and argued for stronger laws to protect American writers from copyright infringement.", "Q1429719": "James Paul \"Jamie\" O'Hara (born August 8, 1950 in Toledo, Ohio) is an American country music artist. Between 1986 and 1990, he and Kieran Kane comprised The O'Kanes, a duo which charted seven singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles charts, including the Number One single \"Can't Stop My Heart from Loving You\". After The O'Kanes disbanded in 1990, both O'Hara and Kane recorded solo albums of their own. In addition, O'Hara has continued writing songs for other country music artists.", "Q239540": "Isabella Augusta, Lady Gregory (n\u00e9e Persse; 15 March 1852 \u2013 22 May 1932) was an Irish dramatist, folklorist and theatre manager. With William Butler Yeats and Edward Martyn, she co-founded the Irish Literary Theatre and the Abbey Theatre, and wrote numerous short works for both companies. Lady Gregory produced a number of books of retellings of stories taken from Irish mythology. Born into a class that identified closely with British rule, she turned against it. Her conversion to cultural nationalism, as evidenced by her writings, was emblematic of many of the political struggles to occur in Ireland during her lifetime.\nLady Gregory is mainly remembered for her work behind the Irish Literary Revival. Her home at Coole Park in County Galway served as an important meeting place for leading Revival figures, and her early work as a member of the board of the Abbey was at least as important as her creative writings for that theatre's development. Lady Gregory's motto was taken from Aristotle: \"To think like a wise man, but to express oneself like the common people.\"", "Q70670": "Elisabeth Adelheid Hildegard von Thadden (29 July 1890 \u2013 8 September 1944, executed) was a German progressive educator and a resistance fighter against the Nazi r\u00e9gime as a member of the Solf Circle. She was put to death in the wake of the 20 July plot, although it appears highly unlikely that she was involved in any plot to overthrow the Nazis.", "Q66012": "Sufers (Romansh: Sur) is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q1254581": "Jean-Louis Gass\u00e9e (born March 1944 in Paris, France) is a business executive. He is best known as a former executive at Apple Computer, where he worked from 1981 to 1990. He also founded Be Inc., creators of the BeOS computer operating system. After leaving Be, he became Chairman of PalmSource, Inc. in November 2004.", "Q69321": "B\u00fcrglen is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.", "Q954142": "Michel Tapi\u00e9 (Michel Tapi\u00e9 de C\u00e9leyran; 26 February 1909 \u2013 30 July 1987) was a French art critic, curator, and collector. He was an early and influential theorist and practitioner of \"tachisme\", a French style of abstract painting popular in the 1940s and 1950s which is regarded as a European version of abstract expressionism.Tapi\u00e9 was a founder member of the Compagnie de l'Art Brut with Dubuffet and Breton In 1948, as well he managed the Foyer De l'Art Brut at the Galerie Ren\u00e9 Drouin.Tapi\u00e9 was from an aristocratic French family and was a second cousin once removed of the painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. The painter's mother Ad\u00e8le Tapi\u00e9 de Celeyran was Tapi\u00e9's great-aunt.", "Q187216": "Zeke Clements (September 6, 1911 \u2013 June 4, 1994) was an American country musician often dressed in a Western outfit. He was known as \"The Dixie Yodeler.\"", "Q463367": "Henri Frenay Sandoval (1905\u20131988) was a French military officer and French Resistance member.\nHe was born in Lyon, France, on 11 November 1905, into a Catholic family with a military tradition. He studied the Germanic languages at the University of Strasbourg. Afterwards, he became a soldier like his father and studied in Saint Cyr and the \u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure de Guerre and reached the rank of captain in 1934. At the outbreak of World War II, he rejoined the French army. German forces captured him in Vosges. He arrived in Marseille after escaping from a POW camp in Alsace on 27 June 1940.At first Frenay supported the Vichy Regime but was soon disillusioned by the Nazi tendency of the P\u00e9tain regime, and he subsequently formed the French Resistance group Mouvement de Lib\u00e9ration Nationale in 1940. He became an editor of underground newspapers such as V\u00e9rit\u00e9s (Truths) and had a hand in the formation of the Combat group in November 1941. In 1943, his group participated in the forming of the Conseil National de la R\u00e9sistance of Jean Moulin, but Frenay refused a seat since he disagreed over the admission of political parties to the Conseil.\nWhen the Gestapo captured Moulin, Frenay fled to Algiers. In November 1943, he met Charles de Gaulle, who appointed him as a minister of prisoners, refugees and deportees.\nAfter the war, Frenay served in de Gaulle's first provisional government. He retired from the political life and became a businessman. He published his autobiography, The Night Will End: Memoirs of a Revolutionary in 1976 and criticised Moulin and de Gaulle as reckless.\nFrenay died at Porto-Vecchio, Corsica, on 8 August 1988.", "Q362550": "William Rutherford Mead (August 20, 1846 \u2013 June 19, 1928) was an American architect who was the \"Center of the Office\" of McKim, Mead, and White, a noted Gilded Age architectural firm. The firm's other two founding partners were Charles Follen McKim (1847\u20131909), and Stanford White (1853\u20131906).", "Q79132": "Rudolf Freiherr St\u00f6ger-Steiner von Steinst\u00e4tten (26 April 1861 \u2013 12 May 1921) was a Colonel-General in the Austro-Hungarian army and served as the last Imperial Minister for War not only to the Austro-Hungarian Empire but to the ancient Habsburg monarchy which sat at its head.", "Q109375": "Oliver Wittke (born September 24, 1966 in Marl, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German politician of the CDU.\n\n", "Q75720": "Josef Joffe (born March 15, 1944) is publisher-editor of Die Zeit, a weekly German newspaper. His second career has been in academia. Appointed Senior Fellow of Stanford's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies in 2007 (a faculty position), he is also the Marc and Anita Abramowitz Fellow in International Relations at the Hoover Institution and a courtesy professor of political science at Stanford University. Since 1999, he has been an associate of the Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University.", "Q272019": "Donald Frank Cheadle Jr. (; born November 29, 1964) is an American actor, author, director, producer and writer. Following early roles in Hamburger Hill (1987), and as the gangster \"Rocket\" in the film Colors (1988), Cheadle built his career in the 1990s with roles in Devil in a Blue Dress (1995), Rosewood (1997) and Boogie Nights (1997). His collaboration with director Steven Soderbergh resulted in the films Out of Sight (1998), Traffic (2000) and The Ocean's Trilogy (2001\u20132007).\nCheadle was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his lead role as Rwandan hotel manager Paul Rusesabagina in the historical genocide drama film Hotel Rwanda (2004). From 2012 to 2016, he starred as Marty Kaan on the Showtime comedy series House of Lies; he won a Golden Globe Award in 2013 for the role. Since 2019, Cheadle has starred as Maurice Monroe in the Showtime series Black Monday, a role which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in 2019. \nCheadle extended his global recognition with his role as the superhero War Machine in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, replacing Terrence Howard. He appeared in Iron Man 2 (2010), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Captain Marvel (2019), and Avengers: Endgame (2019).", "Q395696": "Agostino Ramelli (1531\u2013ca. 1610) was an Italian engineer best known for writing and illustrating the book of engineering designs Le diverse et artificiose machine del Capitano Agostino Ramelli, which contains, among others, his design for the bookwheel. \nRamelli was born in Ponte Tresa or Mesanzena, today in Switzerland. During the Siege of La Rochelle (1572\u20131573), he successfully engineered a mine under a bastion and breached the fortification, making him popular with his commander, Henri d'Anjou, who later became King Henri III of France. \nIn 1588 Ramelli published Le diverse et artificiose machine del Capitano Agostino Ramelli, or The various and ingenious machines of Captain Agostino Ramelli. The book contains 195 designs, over 100 of which are water-raising machines, such as water pumps or wells. Other designs include bridges, mills, and a possible forerunner to the Wankel engine. The bookwheel is one of the most famous designs from this book. Le diverse et artificiose machine is still printed and sold.", "Q429520": "Charro! is a 1969 American western film starring Elvis Presley shot on location at Apacheland Movie Ranch and Old Tucson Studios in Arizona. Uniquely, Presley did not sing on-screen, and the film featured no songs at all except for the main title theme, which was played over the opening credits. It was also the only movie in which Presley wore a beard. The film was novelized by Harry Whittington.Ina Balin, Victor French, Barbara Werle, and Solomon Sturges co-starred. It was the final film for director Charles Marquis Warren who also produced and wrote it. It was also the only Presley film distributed by National General Pictures. The film made a profit but was not a runaway success, and remains one of Presley's least-seen films despite being regarded among his best in terms of a 'straight' (non-musical) acting performance.", "Q1352872": "Robert Francis Kennedy Jr. (born January 17, 1954) is an American environmental attorney, author, and opponent of vaccination. Kennedy is a son of Robert F. Kennedy and nephew of former president John F. Kennedy. He is the president of the board of Waterkeeper Alliance, a non-profit environmental group that he helped found in 1999.\nFrom 1986 until 2017, Kennedy was a senior attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), a non-profit environmental organization. From 1984 until 2017, he was a board member and chief prosecuting attorney for Hudson Riverkeeper. For over thirty years, Kennedy has been an adjunct professor of Environmental law at Pace University School of Law. Until August 2017, he also held the post as supervising attorney and co-director of Pace Law School's Environmental Litigation Clinic, which he founded in 1987. He is currently professor emeritus at Pace.Kennedy co-hosts Ring of Fire, a nationally syndicated American radio program, and has written or edited ten books, including two New York Times bestsellers.\nHe is a prominent anti-vaccine activist and believes in pseudoscientific speculation of a link between vaccines and autism. Kennedy has denied such characterization.", "Q65533": "Dana V\u00e1vrov\u00e1 (9 August 1967 \u2013 5 February 2009) was a Czech-German film actress and director.\n\n", "Q12963": "Fran\u00e7ois Bayrou (French pronunciation: \u200b[f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa baj\u0281u], born 25 May 1951) is a French centrist politician and the president of the Democratic Movement (MoDem), who was a candidate in the 2002, 2007 and 2012 French presidential elections.\nFrom 1993 to 1997, he was Minister of National Education for three governments. He was also a member of the National Assembly for a seat in Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques from 1986 to 2012, MEP from 1999 to 2002 and is currently the mayor of Pau since 2014.\nIt was speculated that Bayrou would be a candidate in the 2017 presidential election, but he decided not to run and instead supported Emmanuel Macron, who \u2013 after winning the election \u2013 named him Minister of State and Minister of Justice in the Philippe Government. On 21 June 2017, he resigned from the government amid an investigation into MoDem's allegedly fraudulent employment of parliamentary assistants, initiated earlier that month.", "Q192155": "Kotka is a town in the southern part of the Kymenlaakso province on the Gulf of Finland. Kotka is a major port and industrial city and also a diverse school and cultural city. The neighboring municipalities of Kotka are Hamina, Kouvola and Pyht\u00e4\u00e4. Kotka belongs to the Kotka-Hamina subdivision.\nKotka is located on the coast of the Gulf of Finland at the mouth of Kymi River and it is part of the Kymenlaakso region in southern Finland. The neighboring municipalities of Kotka are Hamina, Kouvola and Pyht\u00e4\u00e4. Kotka belongs to the Kotka-Hamina subdivision.\nThe Port of Kotka is a major Finnish sea port that serves both the foreign trade of Finland and Russia.\nThe municipality is officially unilingually Finnish, with 89.8% being native Finnish speakers, 1% Swedish, and 9.3% speaking some other language. \n\n", "Q86870": "Philipp Matth\u00e4us Hahn (25 November 1739 in Scharnhausen, today part of Ostfildern \u2013 2 May 1790 in Echterdingen, today part of Leinfelden-Echterdingen) was a German pastor, astronomer and inventor.\nIn about 1763 he devised a precision sundial, or heliochronometer that incorporated the correction for the equation of time.In 1774 he designed one of the earliest mechanical calculators of which two are known to have survived to the present day. A renowned clockmaker, several horological museums display his works, including the Deutsches Uhrenmuseum which contains a mechanical orrery (planetarium) and a Weltmaschine by the \"Priestermechaniker (priest mechanic)\".", "Q168947": "Zdenko Uzorinac (1929\u20132005) was a Croatian table tennis player, coach, journalist and sports writer.Uzorinac competed at four World Table Tennis Championships, winning a bronze medal in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) at the 1951 World Table Tennis Championships.", "Q107358": "Koine Greek (UK: , US: ; Greek: \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae, Ellinistik\u00ed Koin\u00ed, [elinisti\u02c8ci ci\u02c8ni]), also known as Alexandrian dialect, common Attic, Hellenistic or Biblical Greek, was the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during the Hellenistic period, the Roman Empire, and the early Byzantine Empire, or late antiquity. It evolved from the spread of Greek following the conquests of Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC, and served as the lingua franca of much of the Mediterranean region and the Middle East during the following centuries. It was based mainly on Attic and related Ionic speech forms, with various admixtures brought about through dialect levelling with other varieties.Koine Greek included styles ranging from more conservative literary forms to the spoken vernaculars of the time. As the dominant language of the Byzantine Empire, it developed further into Medieval Greek, which then turned into Modern Greek.Literary Koine was the medium of much of post-classical Greek literary and scholarly writing, such as the works of Plutarch and Polybius. Koine is also the language of the Christian New Testament, of the Septuagint (the 3rd-century BC Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible), and of most early Christian theological writing by the Church Fathers. In this context, Koine Greek is also known as \"Biblical\", \"New Testament\", \"ecclesiastical\" or \"patristic\" Greek. The Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius also wrote his private thoughts in Koine Greek in a work that is now known as The Meditations. Koine Greek continues to be used as the liturgical language of services in the Greek Orthodox Church.", "Q159542": "Jan Evangelista Purkyn\u011b (Czech: [\u02c8jan \u02c8\u025bva\u014b\u0261\u025bl\u026asta \u02c8purk\u026a\u0272\u025b] (listen); also written Johann Evangelist Purkinje) (17 or 18 December 1787 \u2013 28 July 1869) was a Czech anatomist and physiologist. In 1839, he coined the term 'protoplasm' for the fluid substance of a cell. He was one of the best known scientists of his time. Such was his fame that when people from outside Europe wrote letters to him, all that they needed to put as the address was \"Purkyn\u011b, Europe\".", "Q63142": "Mario Theissen (born 17 August 1952 in Monschau, Germany) is the former BMW Motorsport Director and was team principal of BMW Sauber, the company's Formula One team from 2005 until 2009, when BMW sold the team back to Peter Sauber.\nAfter graduating from RWTH Aachen University with a diploma in mechanical engineering, Theissen joined BMW in the engine calculation department in 1977. Over the following years he took on various responsibilities in BMW's engine development division and in 1989 gained a doctorate in engineering from the Ruhr University in Bochum. In 1991 he was made head of Product Concepts at BMW and a year later became Director of Advanced Drivetrain Development. In 1994 he was promoted to Director of BMW Technik GmbH.\nIn 1998, in addition to his job as head of BMW Technik, he took on the task of setting up the BMW Technology Office in Palo Alto, California.He became BMW Motorsport Director alongside Gerhard Berger in April 1999 with oversight of BMW's Formula One team and other motorsport activities, including BMW's factory entries in the World Touring Car Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans.BMW entered Formula One with a partnership agreement with Williams Racing in 1998. In 2001, BMW was credited with having the most powerful engine on the grid. While achieving notable successes, such as a strong championship challenge in 2003, the relationship between team and engine maker began to deteriorate. During the course of the 2004 and 2005 F1 seasons, Theissen increasingly became publicly critical of the Williams team's inability to create a package capable of winning the constructor's championship or even multiple victories within a single season. However, Williams blamed BMW for not producing a good enough engine. This public deterioration of the relationship between BMW and Williams Racing, and between Theissen and Patrick Head in particular, was a factor in BMW's decision to buy Sauber.Theissen was made team principal of the resulting BMW Sauber team, and in their first season, they achieved 5th in the constructors championship, both a considerable improvement on Sauber's previous season and a match for Williams' previous position in the standings. In 2007 the BMW Sauber team finished 2nd in the World Constructors Championship after McLaren-Mercedes were excluded following a spying episode. In the 2008 Canadian Grand Prix Robert Kubica led Nick Heidfeld to finish first and second, giving BMW its first victory as a constructor. After BMW's decision to sell the team back to Peter Sauber and depart from Formula 1, Theissen decided to leave the sport as well and retain his position as BMW Motorsport director.Theissen retired from BMW on 30 June 2011, to be replaced by Jens Marquardt.", "Q363666": "Jerry G. Zucker (born March 11, 1950) is an American film producer, director, and writer known for his role in directing comedy spoof films such as Airplane! and Top Secret!, and the Best Picture-nominated supernatural drama film Ghost.Jerry Zucker and his older brother, David Zucker, collaborated on several films.\n\n", "Q155378": "James Norman Beaver Jr. (born August 12, 1950) is an American actor, playwright, screenwriter, and film historian. He is most familiar to worldwide audiences as Bobby Singer in Supernatural. He also played Whitney Ellsworth on the HBO Western drama series Deadwood, which brought him acclaim and a Screen Actors Guild Awards nomination for Ensemble Acting, and Sheriff Shelby Parlow on the FX series Justified. His memoir Life's That Way was published in April 2009.", "Q124581": "Helin Evrim Sommer (n\u00e9e Evrim Baba; born 7 February 1971) is a German politician of The Left party. She was a member of the Berlin House of Representatives from 1999 to 2016; since 2017 she has been a member of the German Bundestag from the state of Berlin.", "Q68017": "Mettembert is a municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q251818": "Georges Auric (French: [\u0254\u0281ik]; 15 February 1899 \u2013 23 July 1983) was a French composer, born in Lod\u00e8ve, H\u00e9rault. He was considered one of Les Six, a group of artists informally associated with Jean Cocteau and Erik Satie. Before he turned 20 he had orchestrated and written incidental music for several ballets and stage productions. He also had a long and distinguished career as a film composer.", "Q711761": "Simon Min Sze (Chinese: \u65bd\u654f; pinyin: Sh\u012b M\u012dn; born 1936) is a Chinese-American electrical engineer. He is best known for inventing the floating-gate MOSFET with Dawon Kahng in 1967.", "Q335420": "William Francis Deedes, Baron Deedes, (1 June 1913 \u2013 17 August 2007) was a British Conservative politician, army officer and journalist. He was the first person in Britain to have been both a member of the Cabinet and the editor of a major daily newspaper, The Daily Telegraph.\n\n", "Q364109": "Boris Khristoforovich Parsadanian (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043d; 14 May 1925, in Kislovodsk \u2013 14 May 1997, in Tallinn) was an Armenian-Estonian composer.\nBorn in Kislovodsk, Russia, his initial studies were conducted under Litinsky at the Studio of the Armenian House of Culture. His studies were interrupted by World War II, for which he was decorated for his service. He resumed his post-war studies as a violin student at the Gnessin School in Moscow until his graduation in 1950.\nAfter graduation, he moved to Estonia, initially obtaining a post in the Tallinn Radio Orchestra, then later deciding to focus on composing. He entered the conservatory at Tallinn, studying composition under Heino Eller.\nParsadanian became an \"adopted\" Estonian, residing there until his death. He wrote all of his major works while living in Estonia, and eventually received the distinction of Honoured Artist of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic.\nHis compositions include eleven symphonies composed between 1958 and 1987, the second of them a tribute to Martiros Saryan; a violin concerto (1955), a wind quintet (1967), a string quartet (1974), a violin sonata (1986) and other music.", "Q632812": "William Vincent Astor (November 15, 1891 \u2013 February 3, 1959) was an American businessman, philanthropist, and member of the prominent Astor family.", "Q972813": "Jacques Cr\u00e9tineau-Joly (23 September 1803 \u2013 1 January 1875) was a French Catholic journalist and historian.", "Q303192": "Aarti Majumdar (born March 3, 1978), better known by her stage name Aarti Mann, is an Indian-American actress. She has starred in several television programs, including a part in the sci-fi drama Heroes. She is best known for playing the role of Priya Koothrappali in The Big Bang Theory.", "Q1368522": "Jon Larsen (born 7 January 1959) is a gypsy jazz guitarist, record producer, painter, and amateur scientific researcher. He is the founder of the group Hot Club de Norv\u00e8ge. In 2007 he received the Buddy Award for his lifelong contribution to jazz.\n\n", "Q1995527": "Le Noirmont is a mountain of the Jura, located north of Saint-Cergue in the canton of Vaud. At 1,567 metres, it is the highest mountain between the Col de la Givrine and Mont Tendre. Although Le Noirmont is wholly in Switzerland, the border with France runs on the western base of the mountain.\nThe closest localities are La Cure and Les Rousses.", "Q3610765": "Alexander John (\"Jack\") Mackenzie-Stuart, Baron Mackenzie-Stuart (18 November 1924 \u2013 1 April 2000) was a Scottish advocate and judge. He was the first judge from a United Kingdom jurisdiction to sit on the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg, later becoming its president.", "Q237545": "Elaine Cassidy (born 31 December 1979) is an Irish actress who is best known for playing the lead character Abby Mills in the American CBS TV series Harper's Island, Felicia in Felicia's Journey, Runt in Disco Pigs, Lydia in The Others, Katherine Glendenning in The Paradise, and DC Dinah Kowalska in No Offence.", "Q76229": "Karl Plagge (10 July 1897 \u2013 19 June 1957) was a German engineer who rescued Jews during the Holocaust in Lithuania by issuing work permits to non-essential workers. A partially disabled veteran of World War I, Plagge studied engineering, and joined the Nazi Party in 1931 in hopes of helping Germany rebuild from the economic collapse caused by the draconian terms of the Treaty of Versailles. After being dismissed from a position of lecturer for being unwilling to teach racism, and his opposition to Nazi racist policies, he stopped participating in party activities in 1935, and left the party when the war broke out.\nDuring World War II, he used his position as a staff officer in the German Army to employ and protect Jews in the Vilna Ghetto. At first, Plagge employed Jews who lived inside the ghetto, but when it was due to be terminated in September 1943, he set up the HKP 562 forced labor camp, where he saved many male Jews by issuing them official work permits on the false premise that their holders' skills were vital for the German war effort, and their wives and children by claiming they would work better if their families were alive. Although unable to stop the SS from liquidating the remaining prisoners in July 1944, Plagge managed to warn the prisoners in advance, allowing about 200 to hide from the SS and survive until the Red Army's liberation of Vilnius. Of 100,000 pre-war Jews in Vilnius, only 2,000 survived, of which the largest single group were saved by Plagge.\nPlagge was tried before an Allied denazification court in 1947, which accepted his plea to be classified as a \"fellow traveler\" of the Nazi party, whose rescue activities were undertaken for humanitarian reasons rather than overt opposition to Nazism. Survivors he rescued testified on his behalf. Plagge died ten years after the trial.\nAccording to historian Kim Priemel, the success of Plagge's rescue efforts was due to working within the system to save Jews, a position which required him to enter a \"grey zone\" of moral compromise. In 2000, the story of his rescues was uncovered by the son of a survivor of HKP 562. In 2005, after two unsuccessful petitions, the Holocaust memorial Yad Vashem recognized him as one of the \"Righteous Among the Nations\".", "Q5492": "Lake Erie (French: Lac \u00c9ri\u00e9) is the fourth-largest lake (by surface area) of the five Great Lakes in North America, and the eleventh-largest globally if measured in terms of surface area. It is the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume of the Great Lakes and therefore also has the shortest average water residence time. At its deepest point Lake Erie is 210 feet (64 metres) deep.\nSituated on the International Boundary between Canada and the United States, Lake Erie's northern shore is the Canadian province of Ontario, specifically the Ontario Peninsula, with the U.S. states of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York on its western, southern, and eastern shores. These jurisdictions divide the surface area of the lake with water boundaries.\nThe lake was named by the Erie people, a Native American people who lived along its southern shore. The tribal name \"erie\" is a shortened form of the Iroquoian word erielhonan, meaning long tail.Situated below Lake Huron, Erie's primary inlet is the Detroit River. The main natural outflow from the lake is via the Niagara River, which provides hydroelectric power to Canada and the U.S. as it spins huge turbines near Niagara Falls at Lewiston, New York and Queenston, Ontario. Some outflow occurs via the Welland Canal, part of the St. Lawrence Seaway, which diverts water for ship passages from Port Colborne, Ontario on Lake Erie, to St. Catharines on Lake Ontario, an elevation difference of 326 ft (99 m). Lake Erie's environmental health has been an ongoing concern for decades, with issues such as overfishing, pollution, algae blooms, and eutrophication generating headlines.", "Q61033": "Kurt Adolff (5 November 1921 \u2013 24 January 2012) was a racing driver from Germany.\nAdolff was born in Stuttgart, Germany, into a family that owned a textile company, and served as a paratrooper during the Second World War. Adolf competed in Formula Two races in the early 1950s racing BMW-engined cars, achieving modest success including second place at a race at the Munich-Riem Airport. He later competed in a Ferrari 500 during 1953, and participated in the 1953 German Grand Prix, driving Rudi Fischer's Ferrari 500 for the Ecurie Espadon Team. He retired after only a few laps, and left single-seater racing to concentrate on his business interests. Adolff later enjoyed some success in hillclimbs and touring car racing with Jaguar, and also served as a consul to Chile.", "Q381185": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Bartoszewski ([vwa\u02c8d\u0268swaf bart\u0254\u02c8\u0282\u025bfsk\u02b2i] (listen); 19 February 1922 \u2013 24 April 2015) was a Polish politician, social activist, journalist, writer and historian. A former Auschwitz concentration camp prisoner, he was a World War II resistance fighter as part of the Polish underground and participated in the Warsaw Uprising. After the war he was persecuted and imprisoned by the communist Polish People's Republic due to his membership in the Home Army and opposition activity.After the collapse of the communist regime, Bartoszewski served twice as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from March through December 1995 and again from 2000 to 2001. He was also an ambassador and a member of the Polish Senate. Bartoszewski was a close ally and friend of Polish anti-Communist activist and later president Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa.Bartoszewski was a chevalier of the Order of the White Eagle, an honorary citizen of Israel, and a member of the International Honorary Council of the European Academy of Diplomacy.", "Q3101427": "George Bodenheimer (born May 6, 1958) is the former president of ESPN Inc. and of ABC's sports division, known since 2006 as ESPN on ABC. He was president of ESPN since November 19, 1998 and of the former ABC Sports since March 3, 2003.\nThe Sports Business Journal named Bodenheimer the most influential person of 2008 on a list of 50 people.As of January 1, 2012, Bodenheimer was the executive chairman of ESPN, with John Skipper replacing him as president. On December 18, 2017, he became acting chairman of ESPN after Skipper announced his resignation.", "Q122696": "Karl Wilhelm Ritter (German: Karl Wilhelm Ritter; April 14, 1847 in Liestal (Switzerland) \u2013 October 18, 1906 in Zell, Z\u00fcrich) - civil engineer, professor of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich , the rector of the Polytechnic Institute of Zurich (1887\u20131891).\n\n", "Q323524": "James Booth (born David Geeves); (19 December 1927 \u2013 11 August 2005) was an English film, stage and television actor and screenwriter. Though considered handsome enough to play leading roles, and versatile enough to play a wide variety of character parts, Booth naturally projected a shifty, wolfish, or unpredictable quality that led inevitably to villainous roles and comedy, usually with a cockney flavour. He is probably best known for his role as Private Henry Hook in Zulu.", "Q20709": "Swedish House Mafia is a Swedish house music supergroup consisting of Axwell, Steve Angello and Sebastian Ingrosso. The group officially formed in late 2008, were placed at number ten on the DJ Mag Top 100 DJ Poll 2011 and have been called \"the faces of mainstream progressive house music.\" In 2012, they were ranked at number twelve on the DJ Mag Top 100 Poll. On June 24, 2012, the group announced they would split up. Their final performance was at Ultra Miami on March 24, 2013. For the next five years Angello worked solo, while Axwell and Ingrosso performed as a duo. On March 25, 2018, the group reunited with a surprise closing set at the 20th anniversary of Ultra Music Festival in Miami, Florida.", "Q227030": "Mark Richard Shuttleworth (born 18 September 1973) is a South African and British entrepreneur who is the founder and CEO of Canonical Ltd., the company behind the development of the Linux-based Ubuntu operating system. In 2002, he became the first South African to travel to space as a space tourist. He lives on the Isle of Man and holds dual citizenship from South Africa and the United Kingdom.\n\n", "Q373313": "Andr\u00e9 Pinto Rebou\u00e7as (13 January 1838 \u2013 9 April 1898) was a Brazilian military engineer, abolitionist and inventor, son of Ant\u00f4nio Pereira Rebou\u00e7as (1798\u20131880) and Carolina Pinto Rebou\u00e7as. Lawyer, member of Parliament (representing the Brazilian state of Bahia) and an adviser to Pedro II of Brazil, his father was the son of a manumitted slave and a Portuguese tailor. His brothers Ant\u00f4nio Pereira Rebou\u00e7as Filho and Jos\u00e9 Rebou\u00e7as were also engineers.\nDespite racial prejudice, his father, a mulatto, was an important and prestigious man at the time. Self-taught to read and write, he had been granted the right to practice law throughout the country, represented Bahia in the Chamber of Deputies on a range of legislatures, was secretary of the Provincial Governorship of Sergipe, advisor to the emperor, and had received the title of Knight of the Imperial Order of the Southern Cross in 1823.\nRebou\u00e7as became famous in Rio de Janeiro, at the time capital of the Empire of Brazil, solving the trouble of water supply, bringing it from fountain-heads outside the town.\nServing as a military engineer during the Paraguayan War in Paraguay, Rebou\u00e7as successfully developed a torpedo.Alongside Machado de Assis and Olavo Bilac, Rebou\u00e7as was a very important middle class representative with African descent, he also was one of the most important voices for the abolition of slavery in Brazil.\nHe encouraged the career of Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Gomes, author of the opera O Guarani.\nIn the 1880s, Rebou\u00e7as began to participate actively in the abolitionist cause, he helped to create the Brazilian Anti-Slavery Society, alongside Joaquim Nabuco, Jos\u00e9 do Patroc\u00ednio and others.\nAfter the Republican coup d'\u00c9tat, Rebou\u00e7as went into exile with Pedro II to Europe. For two years he stayed exiled in Lisbon, as a correspondent for The Times of London.\nIn 1892, facing financial problems, Rebou\u00e7as went to Luanda and after that, Funchal, in Madeira. In 1898 his body was found at the shoreline at the base of a 60-meter-high cliff near the hotel where he lived. He supposedly committed suicide.", "Q482": "Poetry (derived from the Greek poiesis, \"making\") is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language\u2014such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre\u2014to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.\nPoetry has a long history \u2013 dating back to prehistoric times with hunting poetry in Africa, and to panegyric and elegiac court poetry of the empires of the Nile, Niger, and Volta River valleys. Some of the earliest written poetry in Africa occurs among the Pyramid Texts written during the 25th century BCE. The earliest surviving Western Asian epic poetry, the Epic of Gilgamesh, was written in Sumerian.\nEarly poems in the Eurasian continent evolved from folk songs such as the Chinese Shijing; or from a need to retell oral epics, as with the Sanskrit Vedas, the Zoroastrian Gathas, and the Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey. Ancient Greek attempts to define poetry, such as Aristotle's Poetics, focused on the uses of speech in rhetoric, drama, song, and comedy. Later attempts concentrated on features such as repetition, verse form, and rhyme, and emphasized the aesthetics which distinguish poetry from more objectively-informative prosaic writing.\nPoetry uses forms and conventions to suggest differential interpretations of words, or to evoke emotive responses. Devices such as assonance, alliteration, onomatopoeia, and rhythm may convey musical or incantatory effects. The use of ambiguity, symbolism, irony, and other stylistic elements of poetic diction often leaves a poem open to multiple interpretations. Similarly, figures of speech such as metaphor, simile, and metonymy establish a resonance between otherwise disparate images\u2014a layering of meanings, forming connections previously not perceived. Kindred forms of resonance may exist, between individual verses, in their patterns of rhyme or rhythm.\nSome poetry types are specific to particular cultures and genres and respond to characteristics of the language in which the poet writes. Readers accustomed to identifying poetry with Dante, Goethe, Mickiewicz, or Rumi may think of it as written in lines based on rhyme and regular meter. There are, however, traditions, such as Biblical poetry, that use other means to create rhythm and euphony. Much modern poetry reflects a critique of poetic tradition, testing the principle of euphony itself or altogether forgoing rhyme or set rhythm.\nIn an increasingly globalized world, poets often adapt forms, styles, and techniques from diverse cultures and languages.\nA Western cultural tradition (which extends at least from Homer to Rilke) associates the production of poetry with inspiration \u2013 often by a Muse (either classical or contemporary).", "Q434571": "Philippe Ari\u00e8s (French: [a\u0281j\u025bs]; 21 July 1914 \u2013 8 February 1984) was a French medievalist and historian of the family and childhood, in the style of Georges Duby. He wrote many books on the common daily life. His most prominent works regarded the change in the western attitudes towards death.", "Q123588": "Heinrich Sutermeister (12 August 1910, Feuerthalen \u2013 16 March 1995, Vaux-sur-Morges) was a Swiss composer, most famous for his opera Romeo und Julia.", "Q249931": "4 for Texas is a 1963 American Western comedy film starring Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Anita Ekberg, and Ursula Andress, and featuring screen thugs Charles Bronson and Mike Mazurki, with a cameo appearance by Arthur Godfrey and the Three Stooges (Larry Fine, Moe Howard, and Curly Joe DeRita). The film was written by Teddi Sherman and Robert Aldrich, who also directed.", "Q662943": "Constantin Guys, Ernest-Adolphe-Hyacinthe-Constantin, (December 3, 1802 \u2013 December 13, 1892) was a Dutch-born French Crimean War correspondent, water color painter and illustrator for British and French newspapers.\nGuys was born and baptized in Vlissingen, the son of Fran\u00e7ois Lazare Guys and his second wife, Elisabeth B\u00e9tin. His father had been appointed civilian chief of the French Navy in Rochefort in 1795 and was stationed in Vlissingen fom 1800 until 1806, after which the family moved to Calais. At the age of 20, Constantin served in the cavalry, but only a little later toured in Greece with Lord Byron. His career as an artist didn't start until he was about 40.Baudelaire called him the \"painter of modern life,\" and wrote a long essay on Guys in which he extensively praised his works, under the pseudonym \"Monsieur G\". Robert de Montesquiou wrote a review of Guys that acknowledged Baudelaire's essay, compared Guys favorably to Whistler, and emphasized his portrayal of details of women's clothing, and horse carriages. His subjects were Second French Empire life. In the Dutch novel \"Au pair\" by W. F. Hermans, one of the main characters is fascinated by Constantin Guys. Guys died in Paris, aged 90.", "Q189575": "Ion Iliescu (Romanian pronunciation: [i\u02c8on ili\u02c8esku] (listen); born 3 March 1930) is a Romanian politician who served as President of Romania from 1996 to 2000 and from 2004 until his retirement in 2008. Iliescu was a senator for the Social Democratic Party (PSD), of which he is the founder and honorary president.\nHe joined the Communist Party in 1953 and became a member of its Central Committee in 1965. However, beginning with 1971, he was gradually marginalized by Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu. He had a leading role in the Romanian Revolution, becoming the country's president in December 1989. In May 1990, he became Romania's first freely elected head of state. After a new constitution was approved by popular referendum, he served a further two terms as president, from 1992 to 1996, and from 2000 to 2004, separated by the presidency of Emil Constantinescu, who defeated him in 1996.\nIliescu is widely recognized as a predominant figure in the first fifteen years of post-revolution politics. During his presidency, Romania joined NATO. In April 2018, Ion Iliescu was charged in Romania with committing crimes against humanity during the deadly aftermath of the country's 1989 revolution.\n\n", "Q26378": "Ariel Winter Workman (born January 28, 1998) is an American actress and voice actress. She is known for her role as Alex Dunphy in the comedy series Modern Family, as well as the voice of the title character in the Disney Junior show Sofia the First and the voice of Penny Peterson in the 2014 animated film Mr. Peabody and Sherman. Winter and her fellow Modern Family cast members have won four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Best Ensemble in a Comedy Series.", "Q104137": "Unforgiven is a 1992 American revisionist Western film produced and directed by Clint Eastwood and written by David Webb Peoples. The film portrays William Munny, an aging outlaw and killer who takes on one more job years after he had turned to farming. The film stars Eastwood in the lead role, with Gene Hackman, Morgan Freeman and Richard Harris. Eastwood stated that the film would be his last Western for fear of repeating himself or imitating someone else's work.The film won four Academy Awards: Best Picture and Best Director for Clint Eastwood, Best Supporting Actor for Gene Hackman, and Best Film Editing for editor Joel Cox. Eastwood was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance, but he lost to Al Pacino for Scent of a Woman. The film was the third Western to win the Oscar for Best Picture, following Cimarron (1931) and Dances with Wolves (1990). \nEastwood dedicated the film to directors and mentors Sergio Leone and Don Siegel. In 2004, Unforgiven was added to the United States National Film Registry of the Library of Congress as being deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q66984": "Langendorf is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Solothurn, located in the district of Lebern.", "Q428158": "The Wiz is a 1978 American musical adventure fantasy film produced by Universal Pictures and Motown Productions, and released by Universal Pictures on October 24, 1978. A reimagining of L. Frank Baum's classic 1900 children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz featuring an all-black cast, the film was loosely adapted from the 1974 Broadway musical of the same name. It follows the adventures of Dorothy, a shy, twenty-four-year-old Harlem schoolteacher who finds herself magically transported to the urban fantasy Land of Oz, which resembles a dream version of New York City. Befriended by a Scarecrow, a Tin Man and a Cowardly Lion, she travels through the city to seek an audience with the mysterious Wiz, who they say is the only one powerful enough to send her home.\nProduced by Rob Cohen and directed by Sidney Lumet, the film stars Diana Ross, Michael Jackson, Nipsey Russell, Ted Ross, Mabel King, Theresa Merritt, Thelma Carpenter, Lena Horne and Richard Pryor. Its story was reworked from William F. Brown's Broadway libretto by Joel Schumacher, and Quincy Jones supervised the adaptation of Charlie Smalls and Luther Vandross' songs for it. A handful of new songs, written by Jones and the songwriting team of Nickolas Ashford & Valerie Simpson, were added for it.\nUpon its original theatrical release, the film was a critical and commercial failure, and marked the end of the resurgence of African-American films that began with the blaxploitation movement of the early 1970s. Despite its initial failure, it became a cult classic among black audiences, Jackson's fanbase, and Oz enthusiasts. Certain aspects influenced The Wiz Live!, a live television adaptation of the musical, aired on NBC in 2015.", "Q273461": "Located in the campus of Science and Technology (Cit\u00e9 Scientifique) of the University of Lille in Villeneuve-d'Ascq (European Metropolis of Lille - Hauts-de-France); \u00c9cole Centrale de Lille is a renowned graduate engineering school, with roots back to 1854 as the \u00c9cole des arts industriels et des mines de Lille, re-organised in 1872 as Institut industriel du Nord.\nIt is one of the Centrale Graduate Schools.\nIts different curricula lead to the following French and European degrees:\n\nIng\u00e9nieur Centralien de Lille (Centralien Graduate engineer Masters program with EUR-ACE EURopean ACcredited Engineer label)\nMasters Recherche & Doctorat (PhD doctorate studies )\nMast\u00e8res Sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s (MS) (Specialized Masters)\nMassive open online course in project management.Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at \u00c9cole Centrale de Lille.\nMost of the 1,300 graduate engineer students at \u00c9cole Centrale de Lille live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports on a science and technology campus (Cit\u00e9 Scientifique) that is shared with 20,000 students from the University of Lille.", "Q744748": "George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IATA: IAH, ICAO: KIAH, FAA LID: IAH) is an international airport in Houston, Texas, United States, under class B airspace, serving the Greater Houston metropolitan area. Located about 23 miles (37 km) north of Downtown Houston, between Interstate 45 and Interstate 69/U.S. Highway 59 with direct access to the Hardy Toll Road expressway, George Bush Intercontinental Airport has scheduled flights to a large number of domestic destinations, and is the second busiest airport in Texas. The airport, originally named \"Houston Intercontinental Airport\", was later renamed after George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States.In 2019, the airport served 45,264,059 passengers, making it the 47th busiest airport in the world, and the 14th busiest airport in the United States. IAH covers 10,000 acres (40.5 km2.) of land and has five runways.Houston Intercontinental is the second largest passenger hub for United Airlines. Under operations as United Express, ExpressJet, Mesa Airlines, Republic Airline, and SkyWest Airlines operate hub operations from IAH. It served as a hub for Houston-based Texas International Airlines and commuter air carrier Metro Airlines, which was also based in the Houston area and started its first flights when Intercontinental opened in 1969. The airport also serves as a hub for Atlas Air, which hosts a crew base, maintenance, and cargo logistics.\nIAH became the first airport in North America to have nonstop flights to every inhabited continent in 2017, with the addition of Air New Zealand, but lost this claim when Atlas Air ended their nonstop flight to Luanda. The airport regained this title in December 2019 when Ethiopian Airlines launched service to Lom\u00e9 in Togo, Africa.", "Q3181541": "John Frieda (born Alan Howard Frieda, 9 July 1951) is a British celebrity hairstylist and founder of hair salon and hair product businesses. The hair product business was acquired in 2002 by Kao Corporation, Japan.", "Q1190235": "William Brent Unger (born October 15, 1995) is an American actor. He is known for playing Chase on the Disney XD series Lab Rats and Lab Rats: Elite Force. Credited as Billy Unger before 2016, starting with Lab Rats: Elite Force he is credited as William Brent.\n\n", "Q100351": "Walter Kreye (born 18 July 1942 in Oldenburg) is a German actor.", "Q73437": "William Michael Albert Broad (born 30 November 1955), known professionally as Billy Idol, is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and actor who holds dual British and American citizenship. He first achieved fame in the 1970s emerging from the London punk rock scene as a member of Generation X. Subsequently, he embarked on a solo career which led to international recognition and made Idol a lead artist during the MTV-driven \"Second British Invasion\" in the United States. The name \"Billy Idol\" was inspired by a schoolteacher's description of him as \"idle\".Idol began his music career in late 1976 as a guitarist in the punk rock band Chelsea. However, he soon left the group. With his former bandmate Tony James, Idol formed the band Generation X. With Idol as lead singer, the band achieved success in the United Kingdom and released three albums on Chrysalis Records, then disbanded. In 1981, Idol moved to New York City to pursue his solo career in collaboration with guitarist Steve Stevens. His debut studio album, Billy Idol (1982), was a commercial success. With music videos for singles \"Dancing with Myself\" and \"White Wedding\" Idol soon became a staple of then-newly established MTV.\nIdol's second studio album, Rebel Yell (1983), was a major commercial success, featuring hit singles \"Rebel Yell\" and \"Eyes Without a Face\". The album was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipment of two million copies in the U.S. In 1986, he released Whiplash Smile. Having accumulated three UK top 10 singles (\"Rebel Yell\", \"White Wedding\" and \"Mony Mony\") Idol released a 1988 greatest hits album titled Idol Songs: 11 of the Best; the album went platinum in the United Kingdom. Idol then released Charmed Life (1990) and the concept album Cyberpunk (1993).\nIdol spent the second half of the 1990s out of the public eye focusing on his personal life. He made a musical comeback with the release of Devil's Playground (2005) and again with Kings & Queens of the Underground (2014).\n\n", "Q366078": "David Edward Hughes (16 May 1831 \u2013 22 January 1900), was a British-American inventor, practical experimenter, and professor of music known for his work on the printing telegraph and the microphone. He is generally considered to have been born in London but his family moved around that time so he may have been born in Corwen, Wales. His family moved to the U.S. while he was a child and he became a professor of music in Kentucky. In 1855 he patented a printing telegraph. He moved back to London in 1857 and further pursued experimentation and invention, coming up with an improved carbon microphone in 1878. In 1879 he identified what seemed to be a new phenomenon during his experiments: sparking in one device could be heard in a separate portable microphone apparatus he had set up. It was most probably radio transmissions but this was nine years before electromagnetic radiation was a proven concept and Hughes was convinced by others that his discovery was simply electromagnetic induction.\n\n", "Q65255": "Paul Hirsch (17 November 1868 \u2013 1 August 1940) was a German politician and a member of the Social Democratic Party who served as Prime Minister of Prussia from 1918 to 1920.", "Q45185": "Eusebio Francisco Kino (Italian: Eusebio Francesco Chini, Spanish: Eusebio Francisco Kino; 10 August 1645 \u2013 15 March 1711) was an Italian Jesuit, missionary, geographer, explorer, cartographer and astronomer born in the Territory of the Bishopric of Trent, then part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. For the last 24 years of his life he worked in the region then known as the Pimer\u00eda Alta, modern-day Sonora in Mexico and southern Arizona in the United States. He explored the region and worked with the indigenous Native American population, including primarily the Tohono O'Odham, Sobaipuri and other Upper Piman groups. He proved that the Baja California Peninsula is not an island by leading an overland expedition there. By the time of his death he had established 24 missions and visitas (country chapels or visiting stations).\n\n", "Q1192": "Jean-Baptiste Lully (UK: , US: ; French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 ba\u02c8tist ly\u02c8li]; born Giovanni Battista Lulli, Italian: [\u02c8lulli]; 28 November [O.S. 18 November] 1632\u2013 22 March 1687) was an Italian-born French composer, instrumentalist, and dancer who spent most of his life working in the court of Louis XIV of France. He is considered a master of the French Baroque style. Lully disavowed any Italian influence in French music of the period. He became a French subject in 1661.", "Q72729": "Karl von Abel (September 17, 1788 \u2013 September 3, 1859) was a Bavarian statesman.\nBorn in Wetzlar, Abel was the son of a procurator at the superior Court of Justice. He studied law in Gie\u00dfen from 1806-1809, and became a civil servant of Bavaria in 1810.\nIn 1817 he was appointed city and police commissar in Bamberg, in 1819, Governmental Councillor in Munich, and in 1827 promoted to Senior Legal Secretary. In the Diet of 1831 he gave a speech in favour of freedom of the press and against censorship.\nIn the following year, Abel was assigned by King Ludwig I to be a part of the delegation accompanying the young King Otto to Greece. He joined with Georg Ludwig von Maurer in opposing the head of the delegation, Count Josef Ludwig von Armansperg who he felt was too susceptible to the wishes of the English diplomats. However, the count was able to mobilise his supporters in Munich and have Abel and Maurer unseated from the delegation. Abel once again became Legal Secretary in the Ministry of the Interior. He married Friederike von Rinecker in 1836, a very religious woman who had much influence on him.\nOn 1 November 1837, Abel became Privy Councillor in place of Ludwig, F\u00fcrst von Wallerstein and began to lead the Ministry of the Interior. At this time, the Church Conflict of Colonia excited the masses on religious and political levels. Soon enough the Ministry under Abel proved to be strictly Catholic, following the traditions of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. The status of the clergy was raised and large sums were spent for religious issues. This was followed by several edicts, for example prescribing that Protestant soldiers must also genuflect during a Catholic service. The formation of Evangelic communities and the execution of their services was made complicated and restricted and strict censorship applied to all opposing movements.\nIn other issues Abel showed his absolutist and ultramontane position. He authorized an edict disallowing the use of all modern terms, which try to foist the principle of classes with a representative one. As an example, the term of Ministry of the State was forbidden as the king must unite all power in himself. Several affronts against his precursor Wallerstein resulted in a duel which he lost.\nWallerstein lead the opposition forming mainly in the newly acquired provinces of the kingdom against the paternalism of the Ministry. In the Diet of 1846 he openly fought the existing system. Abel could not avert the claims that he had broken the principle of parity, and that the Christian party was in contact with radical elements. For this the King lost his trust in Abel, and removed him as Ministry of Culture and Education.\nAbel was dismissed from power on 17 February 1847 when he and the other ministers opposed the naturalisation of the Kings' young lady Lola Montez. Afterwards, he had not only to suffer the disgrace of the king he had served for a long time, but was also repudiated by the members of his own party. He was appointed as envoy to the Kingdom of Sardinia, but refused to take the charge until the reign of Maximilian II of Bavaria. In 1848 Abel was voted into the Second Chamber of the Bavarian Parliament, where his former administration was attacked from all sides.\nAbel was recalled as envoy in 1850 and retired from the political life. Until his death in 1859 he lived on his tenure Stamsried manor in Upper Palatinate.\nHe died in Munich.", "Q3362676": "Paolo \"Paul\" Zuccarelli (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8pa\u02d0olo ddzukka\u02c8r\u025blli; ttsuk-]; 24 August 1886, Milan \u2013 19 June 1913, Marcilly-la-Campagne, France) was an Italian racecar driver. Zuccarelli graduated in engineering in Brescia and took on racing shortly afterwards. In 1910 he moved to France. He was killed while testing a car prior to the 1913 French Grand Prix at Amiens.", "Q265203": "Dreams (Swedish: Kvinnodr\u00f6m) is a 1955 Swedish drama film directed by Ingmar Bergman.", "Q3568666": "William Gowland (16 December 1842 \u2013 9 June 1922) was an English mining engineer who carried out archaeological work at Stonehenge and in Japan. He has been called the \"Father of Japanese Archaeology\".\n\n", "Q791161": "Bar\u0131\u015f Akarsu (June 29, 1979 \u2013 July 4, 2007) was a Turkish rock musician and actor who rose to fame after winning the television series Akademi T\u00fcrkiye (Academy Turkey) in July 2004. He released two studio albums in three years and was also acting in television series Yalanc\u0131 Yarim (My Lying Lover) which aired on Star TV.\nOn 29 June 2007, he was seriously injured in a car accident on his way back from a charity concert for children. After spending five days in an intensive care unit, he died of complications from the accident on 4 July 2007, at the age of 28.\n\n", "Q108719": "Magdalena Parys (born 1971) is a Polish writer and translator. She studied at Humboldt University of Berlin. She has written several books, including Magik (2014) which won European Union Prize for Literature in 2015.", "Q448860": "Jenny Caroline \"Jennychen\" Marx Longuet (1 May 1844 \u2013 11 January 1883) was the eldest daughter of Jenny von Westphalen Marx and Karl Marx. Briefly a political journalist writing under the pen name \"J. Williams\", Longuet taught language classes and had a family of five sons and a daughter, three of whom survived to adulthood, before her own death due to cancer at the age of 38.", "Q110156": "Walter Becher (1 October 1912 \u2013 25 August 2005) was a German Bohemian politician, representative of the All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights (GB/BHE), All German Party (German: Gesamtdeutsche Partei) (GDP) and the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nHe was an associate of the pro-Nazi politician Konrad Henlein. Later, he became a writer for the Nazi newspaper \"Die Zeit\" published in Sudetenland.", "Q63630": "Odo Marquard (26 February 1928 \u2013 9 May 2015) was a German philosopher. He is considered as a member of the Ritter School.\n\n", "Q65241": "Nufenen (Italian: Nufena, Romansh: Nueinas) is a former municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Hinterrhein, Nufenen and Spl\u00fcgen merged to form the new municipality of Rheinwald.", "Q2905470": "Yair Shamir (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8 \u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u200e; born 18 August 1945) is an Israeli politician, businessman and former military officer. He served as a member of the Knesset for Yisrael Beiteinu between 2013 and 2015, during which he also held the post of Minister of Agriculture.\n\n", "Q119614": "Julius Mader, alias Thomas Bergner, (October 7, 1928 in the village of Radej\u010d\u00edn, now part of \u0158ehlovice (Gro\u00df Tschochau) in the Czech Republic \u2013 May 17, 2000 in Berlin) was a German jurist, political scientist, journalist and writer.", "Q161977": "The Story of Alexander Graham Bell is a somewhat fictionalized 1939 biographical film of the famous inventor. It was filmed in black-and-white and released by Twentieth Century-Fox. The film stars Don Ameche as Bell and Loretta Young as Mabel, his wife, who contracted scarlet fever at an early age and became deaf.", "Q1186": "Kerala ( (listen)) is a state on the southwestern Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile states of Travancore-Cochin and Madras. Spread over 38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi), Kerala is the twenty-third largest Indian state by area. It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. With 33,387,677 inhabitants as per the 2011 Census, Kerala is the thirteenth-largest Indian state by population. It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram. Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state.The Chera Dynasty was the first prominent kingdom based in Kerala. The Ay kingdom in the deep south and the Ezhimala kingdom in the north formed the other kingdoms in the early years of the Common Era (CE or AD). The region had been a prominent spice exporter since 3000 BCE. The region's prominence in trade was noted in the works of Pliny as well as the Periplus around 100 CE. In the 15th century, the spice trade attracted Portuguese traders to Kerala, and paved the way for European colonisation of India. At the time of Indian independence movement in the early 20th century, there were two major princely states in Kerala-Travancore State and the Kingdom of Cochin. They united to form the state of Thiru-Kochi in 1949. The Malabar region, in the northern part of Kerala, had been a part of the Madras province of British India, which later became a part of the Madras State post-independence. After the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the modern-day state of Kerala was formed by merging the Malabar district of Madras State (excluding Gudalur taluk of Nilgiris district, Topslip, the Attappadi Forest east of Anakatti), the state of Thiru-Kochi (excluding four southern taluks of Kanyakumari district, Shenkottai and Tenkasi taluks), and the taluk of Kasaragod (now Kasaragod District) in South Canara (Tulunad) which was a part of Madras State.\nThe economy of Kerala is the 11th-largest state economy in India with \u20b98.76 trillion (US$120 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of \u20b9199,000 (US$2,800). Kerala has the lowest positive population growth rate in India, 3.44%; the highest Human Development Index (HDI), 0.784 in 2018 (0.712 in 2015); the highest literacy rate, 93.91% in the 2011 census; the highest life expectancy, 77 years; and the highest sex ratio, 1,084 women per 1,000 men. The state has witnessed significant emigration, especially to the Arab states of the Persian Gulf during the Gulf Boom of the 1970s and early 1980s, and its economy depends significantly on remittances from a large Malayali expatriate community. Hinduism is practised by more than half of the population, followed by Islam and Christianity. The culture is a synthesis of Aryan, Dravidian, Arab, and European cultures, developed over millennia, under influences from other parts of India and abroad.\nThe production of pepper and natural rubber contributes significantly to the total national output. In the agricultural sector, coconut, tea, coffee, cashew and spices are important. The state's coastline extends for 595 kilometres (370 mi), and around 1.1 million people in the state are dependent on the fishery industry which contributes 3% to the state's income. The state has the highest media exposure in India with newspapers publishing in nine languages, mainly English and Malayalam. Kerala is one of the prominent tourist destinations of India, with backwaters, hill stations, beaches, Ayurvedic tourism and tropical greenery as its major attractions.", "Q744984": "Ron Bushy (born September 23, 1945) is the drummer of the rock band Iron Butterfly. He is the only member of the group to appear on all six of their studio albums.", "Q457798": "Matilde Rosa Lopes de Ara\u00fajo (1921 - 2010) was a Portuguese activist and writer.", "Q336883": "Brian Norman Roger Rix, Baron Rix, (27 January 1924 \u2013 20 August 2016) was a British actor-manager, who produced a record-breaking sequence of long-running farces on the London stage, including Dry Rot, Simple Spymen and One for the Pot. His one-night TV shows made him the joint-highest paid star on the BBC. He often worked with his wife Elspet Gray and sister Sheila Mercier, who became the matriarch in Emmerdale Farm.\nAfter his first child was born with Down syndrome, Rix became a campaigner for disability causes, among others. He entered the House of Lords as a crossbencher in 1992 and was president of Mencap from 1998 until his death.", "Q61027": "Carl Adolf Maximilian Hoffmann (25 January 1869 \u2013 8 July 1927) was a German military strategist. As a staff officer at the beginning of World War I, he was Deputy Chief of Staff of the 8th Army, soon promoted Chief of Staff. Hoffmann, along with Hindenburg and Ludendorff, masterminded the devastating defeat of the Russian armies at Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes. He then held the position of Chief of Staff of the Eastern Front. At the end of 1917, he negotiated with Russia to sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.", "Q3949": "Unna is a city of around 57,000 people in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, the seat of the Unna district.", "Q180223": "Matthew Pearl is an American novelist and educator. His novels include The Dante Club, The Poe Shadow, The Last Dickens, The Technologists, and The Last Bookaneer.", "Q103894": "Sir Alec Guinness, (born Alec Guinness de Cuffe; 2 April 1914 \u2013 5 August 2000) was an English actor. After an early career on the stage, Guinness was featured in several of the Ealing Comedies, including The Ladykillers and Kind Hearts and Coronets; in the latter of these he played nine different characters. He collaborated six times with director David Lean: Herbert Pocket in Great Expectations (1946), Fagin in Oliver Twist (1948), Col. Nicholson in The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor), Prince Faisal in Lawrence of Arabia (1962), General Yevgraf Zhivago in Doctor Zhivago (1965), and Professor Godbole in A Passage to India (1984). He also portrayed Obi-Wan Kenobi in George Lucas's original Star Wars trilogy; for the original film, he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the 50th Academy Awards.\nGuinness began his stage career in 1934. Two years later, at the age of 22, he played the role of Osric in Hamlet in the West End and joined the Old Vic. He continued to play Shakespearean roles throughout his career. He was one of three British actors, along with Laurence Olivier and John Gielgud, who made the transition from theatre to films after the Second World War. Guinness served in the Royal Naval Reserve during the war and commanded a landing craft during the invasion of Sicily and Elba. During the war he was granted leave to appear in the stage play Flare Path about RAF Bomber Command.\nGuinness won an Academy Award, a BAFTA, a Golden Globe and a Tony Award. In 1959 he was knighted by Elizabeth II for services to the arts. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960, the Academy Honorary Award for lifetime achievement in 1980 and the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award in 1989. Guinness appeared in nine films that featured in the BFI's 100 greatest British films of the 20th century, which included five of Lean's films.", "Q6751859": "Mansour bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e) (1921 \u2013 2 May 1951) was the first defense minister of Saudi Arabia and a member of Saudi royal family, House of Saud.\n\n", "Q122682": "The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. The decoration was awarded for a wide range of reasons and across all ranks, from a senior commander for skilled leadership of his troops in battle to a low-ranking soldier for a single act of extreme gallantry. A total of 7,321 awards were made between its first presentation on 30 September 1939 and its last bestowal on 17 June 1945. This number is based on the acceptance by the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR). Presentations were made to members of the three military branches of the Wehrmacht\u2014the Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy) and Luftwaffe (Air Force)\u2014as well as the Waffen-SS, the Reich Labour Service, and the Volkssturm (German national militia). There were also 43 foreign recipients of the award.These recipients are listed in the 1986 edition of Walther-Peer Fellgiebel's book, Die Tr\u00e4ger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939\u20131945 \u2013 The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939\u20131945. Fellgiebel was the former chairman and head of the order commission of the AKCR. In 1996 a second edition of this book was published with an addendum delisting 11 of these original recipients. Author Veit Scherzer has cast doubt on a further 193 of these listings. The majority of the disputed recipients had received the award in 1945, when the deteriorating situation of Germany during the final days of World War II left a number of nominations incomplete and pending in various stages of the approval process.Listed here are the 324 Knight's Cross recipients of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS whose last name starts with \"P\". Fellgiebel himself delisted one and Scherzer has challenged the validity of five more of these listings. The recipients are initially ordered alphabetically by last name. The rank listed is the recipient's rank at the time the Knight's Cross was awarded.", "Q133957": "The Illuminati (plural of Latin illuminatus, 'enlightened') is a name given to several groups, both real and fictitious. Historically, the name usually refers to the Bavarian Illuminati, an Enlightenment-era secret society founded on 1 May 1776 in Bavaria, today part of Germany. The society's goals were to oppose superstition, obscurantism, religious influence over public life, and abuses of state power. \"The order of the day,\" they wrote in their general statutes, \"is to put an end to the machinations of the purveyors of injustice, to control them without dominating them.\" The Illuminati\u2014along with Freemasonry and other secret societies\u2014were outlawed through edict by Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria with the encouragement of the Catholic Church, in 1784, 1785, 1787, and 1790. In the following several years, the group was vilified by conservative and religious critics who claimed that they continued underground and were responsible for the French Revolution.\nMany influential intellectuals and progressive politicians counted themselves as members, including Ferdinand of Brunswick and the diplomat Xavier von Zwack, who was the Order's second-in-command. It attracted literary men such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Johann Gottfried Herder and the reigning Duke of Gotha and of Weimar.In subsequent use, \"Illuminati\" has referred to various organisations which have claimed or have been claimed to be connected to the original Bavarian Illuminati or similar secret societies, though these links have been unsubstantiated. These organisations have often been alleged to conspire to control world affairs, by masterminding events and planting agents in government and corporations, in order to gain political power and influence and to establish a New World Order. Central to some of the more widely known and elaborate conspiracy theories, the Illuminati have been depicted as lurking in the shadows and pulling the strings and levers of power in dozens of novels, films, television shows, comics, video games, and music videos.", "Q526613": "Giovanni Fontana, also known as Johannes de Fontana (ca. 1395 \u2013 ca. 1455) was a fifteenth-century Italian physician and engineer. He was born in Venice in the 1390s and attended the University of Padua, where he received his degree in arts in 1418 and his degree in medicine in 1421. University records list him as \"Master John, son of Michael de la Fontana\". His most famous promoter at the University was the scholastic Paul of Venice. He tells us that the Doge of Venice sent him to Brescia to deliver a message to the condottiere Francesco Carmagnola. He was also employed as the municipal physician by the city of Udine.", "Q66748": "Count Wilhelm von Bismarck-Sch\u00f6nhausen (n\u00e9 Wilhelm Otto Albrecht von Bismarck) (1 August 1852 \u2013 30 May 1901) was a German counselor, civil servant and politician, who served as a member of the Reichstag from 1880 to 1881 and president of the Regency of Hanover from 1889 to 1890. The youngest son of Otto von Bismarck, he and his brother Herbert von Bismarck both resigned their posts after the elder Bismarck was dismissed as Chancellor of Germany in 1890. Wilhelm subsequently accepted an appointment as Governor of East Prussia in 1894. Mount Wilhelm (German: Wilhelmsberg, or in Kuman: Enduwa Kombuglu, or Kombugl'o Dimbin) is the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea at 4,509 metres (14,793 ft), part of the Bismarck Range is named after him by Hugo Z\u00f6ller.", "Q13474305": "Francoist Spain (Spanish: Espa\u00f1a franquista), known in Spain as the Francoist dictatorship (Spanish: dictadura franquista), officially known as the Spanish State (Spanish: Estado Espa\u00f1ol), is the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain as dictator with the title Caudillo.\nThe nature of the regime evolved and changed during its existence. Months after the start of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936, Franco emerged as the dominant rebel military leader and was proclaimed Head of State on 1 October 1936, ruling a dictatorship over the territory controlled by the Nationalist faction. The 1937 Unification Decree, which merged all parties supporting the rebel side, led to Nationalist Spain becoming a single-party regime under the FET y de las JONS. The end of the war in 1939 brought the extension of the Franco rule to the whole country and the exile of Republican institutions. The Francoist dictatorship originally took a form described as \"fascistized dictatorship\", or \"semi-fascist regime\", showing clear influence of fascism in fields such as labor relations, the autarkic economic policy, aesthetics, or the single-party system. As time went on, the regime opened up and became closer to developmental dictatorships, although it always preserved residual fascist trappings.During the Second World War, Spain did not join the Axis powers (its supporters from the civil war, Italy and Germany). Nevertheless, Spain supported them in various ways throughout most of the war while maintaining its neutrality. Because of this, Spain was isolated by many other countries for nearly a decade after World War II, while its autarkic economy, still trying to recover from the civil war, suffered from chronic depression. The 1947 Law of Succession made Spain a de jure Kingdom again, but defined Franco as the Head of State for life with the power to choose the person to become King of Spain and his successor.\nReforms were implemented in the 1950s and Spain abandoned autarky, reassigned authority from the Falangist movement, which had been prone to isolationism, to a new breed of economists, the technocrats of Opus Dei. This led to massive economic growth, second only to Japan, that lasted until the mid-1970s, known as the \"Spanish miracle\". During the 1950s the regime also changed from being openly totalitarian and using severe repression to an authoritarian system with limited pluralism. As a result of these reforms, Spain was allowed to join the United Nations in 1955 and during the Cold War Franco was one of Europe's foremost anti-communist figures: his regime was assisted by the Western powers, particularly the United States, and it was asked to join NATO. Franco died in 1975 at the age of 82. He restored the monarchy before his death and made his successor King Juan Carlos I, who would lead the Spanish transition to democracy.", "Q229009": "Debra Lynn Winger (born May 16, 1955) is an American actress. She starred in the films An Officer and a Gentleman (1982), Terms of Endearment (1983), and Shadowlands (1993), each of which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress for Terms of Endearment, and the Tokyo International Film Festival Award for Best Actress for A Dangerous Woman (1993). Her other film roles include Urban Cowboy (1980), Legal Eagles (1986), Black Widow (1987), Betrayed (1988), Forget Paris (1995), and Rachel Getting Married (2008). In 2012, she made her Broadway debut in the original production of the David Mamet play The Anarchist. In 2014, she received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Transilvania International Film Festival.She currently stars as a series regular in the Netflix original television series The Ranch.", "Q186652": "Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette (6 September 1757 \u2013 20 May 1834), known in the United States simply as Lafayette, was a French aristocrat and military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War, commanding American troops in several battles, including the Siege of Yorktown. After returning to France, he was a key figure in the French Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830.\nLafayette was born into a wealthy land-owning family in Chavaniac in the province of Auvergne in south central France. He followed the family's martial tradition and was commissioned an officer at age 13. He became convinced that the American revolutionary cause was noble, and he traveled to the New World seeking glory in it. He was made a major general at age 19, but he was initially not given American troops to command. He was wounded during the Battle of Brandywine but still managed to organize an orderly retreat, and he served with distinction in the Battle of Rhode Island. In the middle of the war, he sailed for home to lobby for an increase in French support. He returned to America in 1780 and was given senior positions in the Continental Army. In 1781, troops under his command in Virginia blocked forces led by Cornwallis until other American and French forces could position themselves for the decisive Siege of Yorktown.\nLafayette returned to France and was appointed to the Assembly of Notables in 1787, convened in response to the fiscal crisis. He was elected a member of the Estates General of 1789, where representatives met from the three traditional orders of French society: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. After forming the National Constituent Assembly, he helped to write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen with Thomas Jefferson's assistance. This document was inspired by the United States Declaration of Independence and invoked natural law to establish basic principles of the democratic nation-state. He also advocated the end of slavery, in keeping with the philosophy of natural rights. After the storming of the Bastille, he was appointed commander-in-chief of France's National Guard and tried to steer a middle course through the years of revolution. In August 1792, radical factions ordered his arrest, and he fled into the Austrian Netherlands. He was captured by Austrian troops and spent more than five years in prison.\nLafayette returned to France after Napoleon Bonaparte secured his release in 1797, though he refused to participate in Napoleon's government. After the Bourbon Restoration of 1814, he became a liberal member of the Chamber of Deputies, a position which he held for most of the remainder of his life. In 1824, President James Monroe invited him to the United States as the nation's guest, and he visited all 24 states in the union and met a rapturous reception. During France's July Revolution of 1830, he declined an offer to become the French dictator. Instead, he supported Louis-Philippe as king, but turned against him when the monarch became autocratic. He died on 20 May 1834 and is buried in Picpus Cemetery in Paris, under soil from Bunker Hill. He is sometimes known as \"The Hero of the Two Worlds\" for his accomplishments in the service of both France and the United States.", "Q3791": "Ratingen is a town in the district of Mettmann, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the northwestern part of Berg - about 12 km northeast of D\u00fcsseldorf.\n\n", "Q335352": "Satyricon is a Norwegian black metal band, formed in 1991 in Oslo. Satyr and Frost have been the band's core members since 1993. The band's first three albums typify the Norwegian black metal style. Since its fourth album in 1999, the band has strayed from this style and included elements of traditional heavy metal in their sound. Satyricon was the first Norwegian black metal band to join a multi-national record label (EMI).", "Q152365": "Ludmilla Vladimirovna Radchenko (Russian: \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, born November 11, 1978 in Omsk, Soviet Union) is a Russian model, artist and actress, best known in Italy and English-speaking countries.", "Q104123": "Pulp Fiction is a 1994 American crime film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino, who conceived it with Roger Avary. Starring John Travolta, Samuel L. Jackson, Bruce Willis, Tim Roth, Ving Rhames, and Uma Thurman, it tells several stories of criminal Los Angeles. The title refers to the pulp magazines and hardboiled crime novels popular during the mid-20th century, known for their graphic violence and punchy dialogue.\nTarantino wrote Pulp Fiction in 1992 and 1993, incorporating scenes that Avary originally wrote for True Romance (1993). Its plot occurs out of chronological order. The film is also self-referential from its opening moments, beginning with a title card that gives two dictionary definitions of \"pulp\". Considerable screen time is devoted to monologues and casual conversations with eclectic dialogue revealing each character's perspectives on several subjects, and the film features an ironic combination of humor and strong violence. TriStar Pictures reportedly turned down the script as \"too demented\". Miramax co-chairman Harvey Weinstein was enthralled, however, and the film became the first that Miramax fully financed.\nPulp Fiction won the Palme d'Or at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival, and was a major critical and commercial success. It was nominated for seven awards at the 67th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, and won Best Original Screenplay; it earned Travolta, Jackson, and Thurman Academy Award nominations and boosted their careers. Its development, marketing, distribution, and profitability had a sweeping effect on independent cinema.\nPulp Fiction is widely regarded as Tarantino's masterpiece, with particular praise for its screenwriting. The self-reflexivity, unconventional structure, and extensive homage and pastiche have led critics to describe it as a touchstone of postmodern film. It is often considered a cultural watershed, influencing movies and other media that adopted elements of its style. In 2008, Entertainment Weekly named it the best film since 1983 and it has appeared on many critics' lists of the greatest films ever made. In 2013, Pulp Fiction was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q57595": "Gy\u00f6rgy Gordon Bajnai (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261ordon \u02c8b\u0252jn\u0252i]; born 5 March 1968) is a Hungarian entrepreneur and economist, who served as the Prime Minister of Hungary from 2009 to 2010. Prior to that, he functioned as Minister of Local Government and Regional Development from 2007 to 2008, then as Minister of National Development and Economy from 2008 to 2009. In March 2009, following Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcs\u00e1ny's announced resignation, Bajnai was nominated by the ruling Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) to become Hungary's next head of government. Bajnai became prime minister when the parliament passed a constructive motion of no-confidence against Ferenc Gyurcs\u00e1ny on 14 April 2009. He held the office until the formation of the Second Orb\u00e1n Government following the 2010 parliamentary election.\nReturning to politics, Bajnai established Together 2014, a coalition of left-wing and liberal political movements and civil organizations, in October 2012. The movement would have been an umbrella organization of centre-left parties to contrast Orb\u00e1n's Fidesz in the 2014 parliamentary election with Bajnai as its prime minister-candidate, but negotiations have failed with the other opposition parties. Thereafter, the Together movement transformed itself into party on 8 March 2013, and Bajnai had gradually marginalized in the upcoming months. He retired from politics after the 2014 national and European Parliament elections.\n\n", "Q325141": "George Frederick Joffre Hartree (30 November 1914 \u2013 27 October 1988), known as Charles Hawtrey, was an English comedy actor and musician.\nBeginning at an early age as a boy soprano, he made several records before moving on to radio. His later career encompassed the theatre (as both actor and director), the cinema (where he regularly appeared supporting Will Hay in the 1930s and 1940s in films such as The Ghost of St. Michael's), through the Carry On films, and television.", "Q267400": "Rachael Elaine Harris (born January 12, 1968) is an American actress and comedian. She is known for her numerous television roles, such as starring as Dr. Linda Martin on Lucifer and as a guest star on TV shows such as Sister, Sister, Reno 911!, New Girl, Suits and The Good Wife.", "Q612268": "Moonfog Productions was a Norwegian record label, founded by Satyricon frontman Satyr and Tormod Opedal (Tatra Productions). The label was established unofficially in 1992 and released its first record in 1994. The label specialized in black metal.", "Q4726270": "Alicia Koplowitz y Romero de Juseu, 7th Marchioness of Bellavista, G.d.E (born 12 September 1954) is a Spanish business magnate and noblewoman. When her father died, she and her sister inherited Construcciones y Contratas, S.A. (CYCSA), a company founded by her father. She then sold her part of the company to her sister and created one of the largest family offices in Europe called Omega Capital. She ranks as Spain's richest woman in Forbes 2013 World's Richest People list (#589 in the world).", "Q236129": "Setsuko Hara (\u539f \u7bc0\u5b50, Hara Setsuko, June 17, 1920 \u2013 September 5, 2015) was a Japanese actress. In the West, she is best known for her performances in Yasujir\u014d Ozu's films Late Spring (1949) and Tokyo Story (1953), although she had already appeared in 67 films before working with Ozu.", "Q201785": "El Dorado International Airport (IATA: BOG, ICAO: SKBO) is an international airport serving Bogot\u00e1, Colombia and its surrounding areas. The airport is located mostly in the Fontib\u00f3n district of Bogot\u00e1, although it partially extends into the Engativ\u00e1 district and the municipality of Funza in the Western Savanna Province of the Cundinamarca Department. In 2018, it served over 32.7 million passengers and 741,000 metric tons of cargo. This makes El Dorado the third busiest airport in Latin America in terms of passenger traffic, and the busiest in terms of cargo. El Dorado is also by far the busiest and most important airport in Colombia, accounting for just under half (49%) of the country's air traffic.\nEl Dorado is a hub for the Colombian flag-carrier Avianca, LATAM Colombia, Satena, Wingo, and a number of cargo companies. It is owned by the Government of Colombia and operated by Operadora Aeroportuaria Internacional (OPAIN), a consortium composed of Colombian construction and engineering firms and the Swiss company Flughafen Z\u00fcrich AG, the company that operates Zurich International Airport. The airport has been named the best airport in South America by World Airport Awards. El Dorado received four-star certification and its staff was rated the best in South America by Skytrax, as well as achieving 42nd place in Skytrax's World's Top 100 Airports in 2017.", "Q77645": "Friedrich Martin von Bodenstedt (22 April 1819 \u2013 19 April 1892) was a German author.", "Q520504": "Vicente G\u00f3mez Mart\u00ednez-Espinel (Spanish pronunciation: [bi\u02c8\u03b8ente espi\u02c8nel]; 28 December 1550 \u2013 4 February 1624) was a Spanish writer and musician of the Siglo de Oro.\nHe is credited the creation of the modern poetic form of the d\u00e9cima, composed of ten octameters, named espinela in Spanish after him.", "Q268055": "Henry V is a 1944 British Technicolor film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play of the same name. The on-screen title is The Chronicle History of King Henry the Fift with His Battell Fought at Agincourt in France (derived from the title of the 1600 quarto edition of the play, though changing the spelling from \"Agin Court\"). It stars Laurence Olivier, who also directed. The play was adapted for the screen by Olivier, Dallas Bower, and Alan Dent. The score is by William Walton.\nThe film was made near the end of World War II and was intended as a morale booster for Britain. Consequently, it was partly funded by the British government. The film was originally \"dedicated to the \u2018Commandos and Airborne Troops of Great Britain the spirit of whose ancestors it has been humbly attempted to recapture.\u2019\" The film won Olivier an Academy Honorary Award for \"his Outstanding achievement as actor, producer and director in bringing Henry V to the screen.\"\n\n", "Q2338889": "MCA Records was an American record label owned by MCA Inc., which later gave way to the larger MCA Music Entertainment Group (now Universal Music Group), which the label was part of until its dissolution in 2003. The label's country division MCA Nashville is a still an active imprint of Universal Music Group Nashville.", "Q1178789": "Dawn Hampton (June 9, 1928 \u2013 September 25, 2016) was an American cabaret and jazz singer, saxophonist, dancer, and songwriter. Hampton began her lifelong career as a musical entertainer touring the Midwest as a three-year-old member of the Hampton family's band The Hampton Sisters in the late 1930s. During World War II and into early 1950s, she performed as part of a quartet with her three sisters and in a jazz band with all nine of her surviving siblings. Hampton moved to New York City in 1958 to pursue a solo career as a cabaret singer. She became a singer/songwriter and dancer, which included off-Broadway theatre performances and swing dancing in Hollywood films. Along with other members of the musical Hamptons, she was a recipient of the State of Indiana's Governor Arts Award (1991) and honored at the Indy Jazz Fest (2000) in Indianapolis, Indiana.", "Q124595": "Alois Carigiet (30 August 1902 \u2013 1 August 1985) was a Swiss graphic designer, painter, and illustrator. He may be known best for six children's picture books set in the Alps, A Bell for Ursli and its sequels, written by Selina Ch\u00f6nz, and three that he wrote himself. In 1966 he received the inaugural Hans Christian Andersen Medal for children's illustrators.", "Q487977": "Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It is the home of the University of Iowa and county seat of Johnson County, at the center of the Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population at 76,290 in 2018, making it the state's fifth-largest city. The metropolitan area, which encompasses Johnson and Washington counties, has a population of over 171,000.\nIowa City was the second capital of the Iowa Territory and the first capital city of the State of Iowa. The Old Capitol building is a National Historic Landmark in the center of the University of Iowa campus. The University of Iowa Art Museum and Plum Grove, the home of the first Governor of Iowa, are also tourist attractions. In 2008, Forbes magazine named Iowa City the second-best small metropolitan area for doing business in the United States.", "Q114456": "Hermann von Ramberg (24 November 1820, in Vienna \u2013 26 December 1899, in Graz) was an Austrian statesman who served as acting Ban of Croatia-Slavonia in 1883.", "Q68003": "Claro is a former municipality in the district of Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.", "Q452186": "Cheikha Rimitti (Arabic: \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u200e) (born \u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 Saadia El Ghizania, 8 May 1923 \u2013 15 May 2006) was a popular Algerian ra\u00ef female singer.\n\n", "Q67330": "Ohmstal is a former municipality in the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Ohmstal merged into the municipality of Sch\u00f6tz.", "Q163806": "The Last Ten Days (German: Der letzte Akt) is a 1955 Austrian-German drama film directed by Georg Wilhelm Pabst. It was the first film in post-World War II Germany to feature the character of Adolf Hitler. It follows him and others in what were the last days of the Third Reich.", "Q51682": "Glendale is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, located about nine miles (14 km) northwest from Downtown Phoenix. According to the 2018 U.S. Census estimates, the population of the city is 250,702.", "Q219874": "Village People are an American disco group best known for their on-stage costumes, catchy tunes, and suggestive lyrics. The group was originally formed by French producers Jacques Morali, Henri Belolo and lead singer Victor Willis following the release of the debut album Village People, which targeted disco's largely gay audience. The group's name refers to New York City's Greenwich Village, at the time known for its large gay population. The characters were a symbolic group of American masculinity and macho gay-fantasy personas.The group quickly became popular and moved into the mainstream, scoring several disco and dance hits internationally, including the hit singles \"Macho Man\", \"In the Navy\", \"Go West\" and their biggest hit, \"Y.M.C.A.\". Describing the latter as \"an American phenomenon\", in March 2020 the US Library of Congress added it to the National Recording Registry, which preserves audio recordings considered to be \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\".", "Q1941004": "Pedro Eustache (born August 18, 1959) is a Venezuelan born multidirectional soloist flautist, reed player, world woodwind player, wind synthesist, researcher, composer, lecturer, and instrument maker with extensive academic studies and more than 40 years of professional experience. He has more than seven years of symphonic experience and a collection of around 600 instruments from all over the world, many of which having been designed, built and/or modified by himself.", "Q16151590": "Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Incorporated (\u039a\u0391\u03a8) is a historically African-American collegiate Greek-letter fraternity. Since the fraternity's founding on January 5, 1911 at Indiana University Bloomington, the fraternity has never limited membership based on color, creed or national origin. The fraternity has over 160,000 members with 721 undergraduate and alumni chapters in every state of the United States, and international chapters in the United Kingdom, Germany, South Korea, Japan, United States Virgin Islands, Nigeria, South Africa, and The Bahamas.The president of the national fraternity is known as the Grand Polemarch, who assigns a Province Polemarch for each of the twelve provinces (regions) of the nation. The fraternity has many notable members recognized as leaders in the arts, athletics, business, Civil Rights, education, government, and science sectors at the local, national and international level. The Kappa Alpha Psi Journal has been the official magazine of the fraternity since 1914. The Journal is published four times a year in February, April, October and December. Frank M. Summers was the magazine's first editor and later became the Fourteenth Grand Polemarch. The former editor of the magazine was Jonathan Hicks. The current editor of the magazine is Earl T. Tildon.\nKappa Alpha Psi sponsors programs providing community service, social welfare and academic scholarship through the Kappa Alpha Psi Foundation and is a supporter of the United Negro College Fund and Habitat for Humanity. Kappa Alpha Psi is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) and the North American Interfraternity Conference (NIC). The fraternity is the first predominantly African American Greek-letter society founded west of the Appalachian Mountains still in existence, and is known for its \"cane stepping\" in NPHC organized step shows. Kappa Alpha Psi celebrated its 100th anniversary on January 5, 2011, and is one of four predominantly African American collegiate fraternities to do so.", "Q324539": "Samuel Holmes Sheppard ((1923-12-29)December 29, 1923 \u2013 (1970-04-06)April 6, 1970) was an American neurosurgeon. He was exonerated in 1966, having been convicted of the 1954 murder of his wife, Marilyn Reese Sheppard. The case was controversial from the beginning, with extensive and prolonged nationwide media coverage.\nThe U.S. Supreme Court determined that the \"carnival atmosphere\" surrounding Sheppard's first trial had made due process impossible; after ten years in prison he was acquitted at a second trial.", "Q240901": "Patricia Carola Vel\u00e1squez Sempr\u00fan (born January 31, 1971) is a Venezuelan actress and model.", "Q180545": "Fyodor Nikolaevich Glinka (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043a\u0430, IPA: [\u02c8f\u02b2\u0275d\u0259r n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8\u0261l\u02b2ink\u0259] (listen); 1786\u20131880) was a Russian poet and author.", "Q474627": "Amphetamine Reptile Records (or AmRep Industries) is a record label which was founded in 1986 by US Marine Tom Hazelmyer in Washington state. The label specializes in noise rock and also released Strap It On, the debut album by alternative metal band Helmet which sold more than 40,000 records. According to Hazelmyer, the success of the album was vital to keeping AmRep going throughout the 1990s, as it \"helped support the other things that sold less.\" The label was the subject of the 2014 documentary The Color of Noise.", "Q375010": "Charles Bent (November 11, 1799 \u2013 January 19, 1847) was appointed as the first civilian Governor of the newly acquired New Mexico Territory by military Governor Stephen Watts Kearny in September 1846.\nCharles Bent had been working as a fur trader in the region since 1828, with his younger brother, William and later partner Ceran St. Vrain. Though his office was in Santa Fe, Bent maintained his residence and a trading post in Taos, New Mexico Territory, in present-day New Mexico. On January 19, 1847, Charles Bent was scalped and killed by Pueblo warriors, during the Taos Revolt.", "Q42198": "Heat is a 1995 American crime film written, produced, and directed by Michael Mann, starring Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, and Val Kilmer. De Niro plays Neil McCauley, a seasoned professional at robberies, and Pacino plays Lt. Vincent Hanna, an LAPD robbery-homicide detective tracking down Neil's crew after a botched heist leaves three security guards dead. The story is based on the former Chicago police officer Chuck Adamson's pursuit during the 1960s of a criminal named McCauley, after whom De Niro's character is named. Heat is a remake by Mann of an unproduced television series he had worked on, the pilot of which was released as the TV movie L.A. Takedown in 1989.\nHeat was a critical and commercial success, grossing $67 million in the United States and a total $187 million worldwide against a $60 million budget.", "Q544096": "Chaba Fadela (born Fadela Zalmat, Oran, Algeria, 5 February 1962) is an Algerian ra\u00ef musician and actress.\nRaised in a poor neighborhood, she starred in the Algerian film Djalti at the age of 14. She launched her musical career as a singer in Boutiba S'ghir's band and began recording with producer Rachid Baba Ahmed in the late 1970s. She was the first woman to defy the ban on women singing in clubs, and she quickly reached great success in Algeria. \nShe met and married Cheb Sahraoui, and the pair began recording together as a duo, starting in 1983 with \"N'sel Fik (You Are Mine)\", which became one of the first international ra\u00ef hit records. An album of songs from those sessions was released by Mango/Island/PolyGram Records in 1989. Fadela and Sahraoui toured internationally and recorded widely in the 1980s, with further success. While in New York in 1993 they recorded the album Walli with producer and multi-instrumentalist Bill Laswell. They relocated from Algeria to France in 1994.\nIn the late 1990s, the professional and personal relationship between Fadela and Sahraoui broke down, and since then Fadela has continued to work as a solo singer. \n\n", "Q234058": "Rhea Jo Perlman (born March 31, 1948) is an American actress and author, best known for her role as head-waitress Carla Tortelli on the sitcom Cheers from 1982 to 1993. Over the course of 11 seasons, she was nominated for ten Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress \u2013 winning four times \u2013 and was nominated for a record seven Golden Globe Awards for Best Supporting Actress in a Television Series.", "Q126382": "Funny Man is a 1994 British comedy-horror film written and directed by Simon Sprackling.", "Q65527": "Walter Riester (born 27 September 1943 in Kaufbeuren) is a German politician of the SPD and former Minister of Labour and Social Affairs.", "Q713162": "Samir Kassir (Arabic: \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u200e, 5 May 1960 \u2013 2 June 2005) was a Lebanese-French professor of history at Saint-Joseph University and journalist.", "Q1335625": "Robert Bernard Anderson (June 4, 1910 \u2013 August 14, 1989) was an American administrator and businessman. He served as the Secretary of the Navy between February 1953 and March 1954. He also served as the Secretary of the Treasury from 1957 until 1961, and was one of President Eisenhower's closest confidants. Two years before his death from cancer, he was disbarred for illegal banking operations and tax evasion.", "Q53095": "Hopscotch is a 1980 American spy comedy thriller film, produced by Edie Landau and Ely A. Landau, directed by Ronald Neame, that stars Walter Matthau, Glenda Jackson, Sam Waterston, Ned Beatty, and Herbert Lom. The screenplay was written by Bryan Forbes and Brian Garfield, based on Garfield's novel of the same name.\nFormer CIA field officer Miles Kendig is intent on publishing an explosive memoir that will also expose the dirty tricks of Myerson, his obnoxious, incompetent, and profane former boss. Myerson and Kendig's prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Joe Cutter are repeatedly foiled in their attempts to capture the former agent and stop the publication of his memoir. He cleverly stays one step ahead of his pursuers as the chase hopscotches around America and western Europe.\nMatthau received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. The Criterion Collection released the film on DVD in 2002 and in a 2K restoration on Blu-ray in 2017.", "Q64639": "K\u00fcblis or Kublis is a Swiss village in the Pr\u00e4ttigau and a municipality in the political district Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q321441": "Roger Bonham Smith (July 12, 1925 \u2013 November 29, 2007) was the chairman and CEO of General Motors Corporation from 1981 to 1990, and is widely known as the main subject of Michael Moore's 1989 documentary film Roger & Me.\nSmith seemed to be the last of the old-line GM chairmen, a conservative anonymous bureaucrat, resisting change. However, propelled by industry and market conditions, Smith oversaw some of the most fundamental changes in GM's history. When Smith took over GM, it was reeling from its first annual loss since the early 1920s. Its reputation had been tarnished by lawsuits, persistent quality problems, bad labor relations, public protests over the installation of Chevrolet engines in Oldsmobiles, and by a poorly designed diesel engine. GM was also losing market share to foreign automakers for the first time.\nDeciding that GM needed to completely change its structure in order to be competitive, Smith instituted a sweeping transformation. Initiatives included divisional consolidation, forming strategic joint ventures with Japanese and Korean automakers, launching the Saturn division, investing heavily in technological automation and robotics, and attempting to rid the company of its risk-averse bureaucracy. However, Smith's far-reaching goals proved too ambitious to be implemented effectively in the face of the company's resistant corporate culture. Despite Smith's vision, he was unable to successfully integrate GM's major acquisitions and failed to tackle the root causes of GM's fundamental problems.A controversial figure widely associated with GM's decline, Smith's tenure is commonly viewed as a failure, as GM's share of the US market fell from 46% to 35% and the company lapsed close to bankruptcy during the early 1990s recession. Consequently, CNBC has called Smith one of the \"Worst American CEOs of All Time,\" stating, \"Smith...had the right idea but may have lacked the intuition to understand how his rip-up-the-carpet redo would affect the delicate web of informal communication that GM relied upon.\" In 2013, he was included on Fortune's list of the \"10 Worst Auto Chiefs,\" with writer Alex Taylor III stating, \"He wasted billions trying to revive the sagging giant through diversification (EDS and Hughes), automation (robotized factories), reorganization (two superdivisions B-O-C and C-P-C), commonization (GM-10 cars) and experimentation (Saturn). Smith's legacy was a fleet of lookalike autos, an unqualified successor, and a mountain of debt that pushed the company close to bankruptcy in 1992.\" Smith and his legacy remain subjects of considerable interest and debate among automotive writers and historians.", "Q232429": "Maud Solveig Christina Adams (n\u00e9e Wikstr\u00f6m; born 12 February 1945), is a Swedish actress, known for her roles as two different Bond girls, first in The Man with the Golden Gun (1974) and then as the eponymous character in Octopussy (1983), as well as making a brief uncredited appearance in A View to a Kill (1985).", "Q301791": "Pete Candoli (born Walter Joseph Candoli; June 28, 1923 \u2013 January 11, 2008) was an American jazz trumpeter and the brother of trumpeter Conte Candoli. He played with the big bands of Woody Herman and Stan Kenton and worked in the studios of the recording and television industries.", "Q7291": "Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are \"singles\" (with one player per side) and \"doubles\" (with two players per side). Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court. Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the opposing side's half of the court.\nEach side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Play ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor or if a fault has been called by the umpire, service judge, or (in their absence) the opposing side.The shuttlecock is a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic projectile which flies differently from the balls used in many other sports. In particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly. Shuttlecocks also have a high top speed compared to the balls in other racquet sports. The flight of the shuttlecock gives the sport its distinctive nature.\nThe game developed in British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock. European play came to be dominated by Denmark but the game has become very popular in Asia, with recent competitions dominated by China. Since 1992, badminton has been a Summer Olympic sport with four events: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, and women's doubles, with mixed doubles added four years later. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed, and precision. It is also a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet movements.", "Q331652": "Waylon Albright Jennings (born May 19, 1979), known professionally as Shooter Jennings, is an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and record producer. The only son of country music singers Waylon Jennings and Jessi Colter, he has been active since 1996, releasing seven albums and numerous EPs. He also has made some appearances and cameos in films. Jennings is active mainly in outlaw country and Southern rock genres.\nJennings made his debut with the single \"4th of July\" of his 2005 album Put the \"O\" Back in Country on Universal South, which peaked at No. 22 on the Billboard country charts. Jennings has since followed with six more full-length studio albums: Electric Rodeo (2006), The Wolf (2007), Black Ribbons (2009), Family Man (2012), The Other Life (2013) and Countach (For Giorgio) (2016), in addition to a live album, a compilation, and numerous EPs.\nIn 2018 Jennings released his eighth album called Shooter, under Dave Cobb\u2019s Low Country Sound imprint label.", "Q299912": "Christina Henriette \"Jerney\" Kaagman (born July 9, 1947) is a Dutch singer musician and music executive best known as the lead singer for the progressive rock group Earth and Fire, with whom she scored a slew of international hits between 1969 and 1990. She recorded as a solo artist also, and after her career as a singer worked for the music industry, as president of the Dutch musicians' union BV Pop; as a public relations manager for a radio station; and on television, as a judge on television talent show Idols.", "Q182352": "Jens Ola Johansson (born 2 November 1963, Stockholm, Sweden) is a Swedish keyboardist and pianist who currently plays in the Finnish power metal band Stratovarius and Ritchie Blackmore's rock project Rainbow. He is notable for his high-speed neoclassical and fusion style.", "Q235346": "Michelle Phillips (born Holly Michelle Gilliam; June 4, 1944) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and former model. She rose to fame as a vocalist in the musical quartet the Mamas and the Papas in the mid-1960s. Phillips garnered critical acclaim for her voice, which was deemed by Time magazine as the \"purest soprano in pop music.\" She later established a successful career as an actress in film and television in the 1970s. Phillips is the last surviving original member of the Mamas and the Papas.\nA native of Long Beach, California, she spent her early life in Los Angeles and Mexico City, raised by her widowed father. While working as a model in San Francisco, she met and married John Phillips in 1962 and went on to co-found the vocal group the Mamas and the Papas in 1965. The band rose to fame with their popular singles \"California Dreamin'\" and \"Creeque Alley\", both of which she co-wrote. They released five studio albums before their dissolution in 1970. With John Phillips, she gave birth to a daughter, singer Chynna Phillips.\nAfter the breakup of the Mamas and the Papas and her divorce from John Phillips, she transitioned into acting, appearing in a supporting part in The Last Movie (1971) before being cast as Billie Frechette in the critically acclaimed crime biopic Dillinger (1973), for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer. In 1974, she had lead roles in two television films: the crime feature The Death Squad, and the teen drama The California Kid, in the latter of which she starred opposite Martin Sheen. She went on to appear in a number of films throughout the remainder of the 1970s, including Ken Russell's Valentino (1977), playing Natacha Rambova, and the thriller Bloodline (1979). She released her only solo album, Victim of Romance, in 1977. \nPhillips appeared in a number of films in the 1980s, first in the comedy The Man with Bogart's Face (1980). The following year, she co-starred with Tom Skerritt in the nature-themed horror film Savage Harvest (1981), followed by the television films Secrets of a Married Man (1984) and The Covenant (1985). In 1987, she joined the cast of the series Knots Landing, portraying Anne Matheson, the mother of Paige Matheson (portrayed by Nicollette Sheridan) until the series' 1993 conclusion. \nShe subsequently had supporting roles in the comedy film Let It Ride (1989) and the psychological thriller Scissors (1991). Phillips continued to appear in independent films after the millennium, with supporting parts in Jane White is Sick and Twisted (2002) and Kids in America (2005) and had recurring guest roles in the television series That's Life (2001\u20132002) and 7th Heaven (2001\u20132004). She was an outspoken critic of the Bush administration in the mid-2000s and has also advocated the legalization of recreational cannabis.", "Q86864": "J\u00f3zef Ko\u015bcielski (9 November 1845, S\u0142u\u017cewo - 22 June 1911, Pozna\u0144) was a Polish poet, politician and parliamentarian, co-founder of the Stra\u017c (Guard) society.", "Q349931": "Adam Kaufman (born May 11, 1974) is an American actor, known for his role in 2002 in the Steven Spielberg science fiction mini-series Taken as Charlie Keys and as Parker Abrams in season 4 of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. In 1999, he starred in the unaired pilot Brookfield as Jamie Harper.", "Q762943": "The County of Holland was a State of the Holy Roman Empire and from 1432 part of the Burgundian Netherlands, from 1482 part of the Habsburg Netherlands and from 1581 onward the leading province of the Dutch Republic, of which it remained a part until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. The territory of the County of Holland corresponds roughly with the current provinces of North Holland and South Holland in the Netherlands.", "Q14889": "Schwabach (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283va\u02d0bax]) is a German town of about 40,000 inhabitants near Nuremberg in the centre of the region of Franconia in the north of Bavaria. The city is an autonomous administrative district (kreisfreie Stadt). Schwabach is also the name of the river which runs through the city prior joining the Rednitz.\nSchwabach is famous for its crafts made of gold, particularly gold foil. In 2004, Schwabach celebrated this tradition with an anniversary festival, marking \"500 years gold foil in Schwabach\".\nAround 1500, a local typesetter developed the \"Schwabacher\" font. This font was used for printing the first Bible in German, which had been worked out by Martin Luther.\nSchwabach is also the birthplace of composer Adolf von Henselt, the botanist Johann Gottfried Zinn, the biologist Ralf Baumeister and one of the developers of MP3, Bernhard Grill. It was often visited by Albrecht D\u00fcrer.", "Q127513": "Kanagawa Prefecture (\u795e\u5948\u5ddd\u770c, Kanagawa-ken) is a prefecture located in Kant\u014d region of Japan. The capital of the prefecture is Yokohama. Kanagawa is part of the Greater Tokyo Area. Kanagawa Prefecture is home to Kamakura and Hakone, two popular side trip destinations from Tokyo.", "Q116916": "Count Gustaf af Wetterstedt (29 December 1776 \u2013 15 May 1837) was a Swedish statesman. He served as the Prime Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1824 to 1837. In 1811 he was elected into the Swedish Academy, and later he also became a member of the Royal Swedish Academies of Agriculture, Music and Sciences (1817). He was invested Knight of the Order of the Seraphim.\nAmong the treaties he negotiated and signed on behalf of Sweden were the Treaty of \u00d6rebro and the Treaty of Kiel.", "Q969016": "Darryl Hill (born September 18, 1969), better known by his stage name Cappadonna, is an American rapper. He is a member of the hip-hop collective the Wu-Tang Clan and is a member of the rap group Theodore Unit together with Ghostface Killah.", "Q150943": "Eugene Allen Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is a retired American actor and novelist. In a career that spanned more than six decades, Hackman won two Academy Awards, four Golden Globes, one Screen Actors Guild Award, and two BAFTAs.\nNominated for five Academy Awards, Hackman won Best Actor for his role as Jimmy \"Popeye\" Doyle in the critically acclaimed thriller The French Connection (1971), and Best Supporting Actor as \"Little\" Bill Daggett in the Clint Eastwood Western Unforgiven (1992). His other nominations for Best Supporting Actor came with the films Bonnie and Clyde (1967) and I Never Sang for My Father (1970), with a second Best Actor nomination for Mississippi Burning (1988).\nHackman's other major film roles included The Poseidon Adventure (1972), The Conversation (1974), French Connection II (1975), A Bridge Too Far (1977) Superman: The Movie (1978) \u2014 as arch-villain Lex Luthor \u2014 Hoosiers (1986), The Firm (1993), Crimson Tide (1995), Enemy of the State (film) (1998), The Quick and the Dead (1998), Antz (1998), The Replacements (2000), Behind Enemy Lines (2001), The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), and Welcome to Mooseport (2004).\n\n", "Q610696": "Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra (\u6771\u4eac\u30b9\u30ab\u30d1\u30e9\u30c0\u30a4\u30b9\u30aa\u30fc\u30b1\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9, T\u014dky\u014d Suka Paradaisu \u014ckesutora), commonly abbreviated by fans as Skapara or TSPO, is a Japanese ska and jazz band formed in 1988 by the percussionist Asa-Chang, and initially composed of over 10 veterans of Tokyo's underground scene. At the time, the band's sound was unlike that of any of its contemporaries in the then fledgling Japanese ska scene, and over the course of the past 31 years, they have been influential on Japanese music as a whole. Its sound, the product of the musical influences of its members, is a mix of traditional ska, jazz, and rock. In the vein of many other more traditional ska acts, many of Skapara's songs are purely instrumental.\nSince its inception, the band has gone on several nationwide tours of Japan, and have toured worldwide. They have collaborated with several vocalists outside of their band, including Shiina Ringo, Akira Kobayashi, Ky\u014dko Koizumi, Schadaraparr, PUFFY, Yoshie Nakano and Tamio Okuda. They also performed the Japanese theme song to the PlayStation 2 game Sly Cooper and the Thievius Raccoonus, entitled \"Black Jack\", as well as songs for the PlayStation game Incredible Crisis released in 1999.", "Q1037263": "Carl Carlton (born May 21, 1953) is an American R&B, soul, and funk singer-songwriter, best known for his hits \"Everlasting Love\" and \"She's a Bad Mama Jama (She's Built, She's Stacked)\".\nCarlton Hudgens attended Murray Wright High school in Detroit Michigan. He graduated in 1970.\n\n", "Q131371": "The Boston Celtics ( SEL-tiks) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston. The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division. Founded in 1946 as one of the league's original eight teams, the Celtics play their home games at TD Garden, which they share with the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Boston Bruins. The Celtics are regarded as the most successful basketball team in NBA history; the franchise has won the most championships in the NBA with 17 (accounting for 23.9 percent of all NBA championships since the league's founding), and currently hold the record for the most recorded wins of any NBA team.The Celtics are one of the two charter BAA franchises (the other being the New York Knicks) still playing in their original city today.\nThe Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers, who have won 16 NBA championships, second behind the Celtics. The rivalry was heavily highlighted throughout the 1960s and 1980s. The franchise has played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals (including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010), of which the Celtics have won nine. Four Celtics players (Bob Cousy, Bill Russell, Dave Cowens and Larry Bird) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards. Both the nickname \"Celtics\" and their mascot \"Lucky the Leprechaun\" are a nod to Boston's historically large Irish population.The Celtics' rise to dominance began in the late 1950s, after acquiring center Bill Russell in a draft day trade in 1956, who would become the cornerstone of the Celtics dynasty. Led by Russell and superstar point guard Bob Cousy, the Celtics won their first NBA championship in 1957. Russell, along with a talented supporting cast of future Hall of Famers including John Havlicek, Tom Heinsohn, K. C. Jones, Sam Jones, Satch Sanders, and Bill Sharman, would usher the Celtics into the greatest period in franchise history, winning eight consecutive NBA championships throughout the 1960s. After the retirement of Russell in 1969, the Celtics entered a period of rebuilding. Led by center Dave Cowens and point guard JoJo White, the Celtics returned to championship caliber, winning two NBA titles in 1974 and 1976. The Celtics again returned to dominance in the 1980s. Led by the \"Big Three\" that featured Larry Bird, Kevin McHale, and Robert Parish, the Celtics won the 1981, 1984, and 1986 championships. After winning 16 championships throughout the 20th century, the Celtics, after struggling through the 1990s, rose again to win a championship in 2008 with the help of Kevin Garnett, Paul Pierce, and Ray Allen in what was known as the new \"Big Three\" era. The Celtics returned to the NBA Finals in 2010, only to lose to the Lakers in a seven-game series. \nBy the start of the 2013 season none of the \"Big Three\" were still signed - Ray Allen having already left a season prior - ushering in a new era for the team. With the help of newly hired head coach Brad Stevens, the team began rebuilding. In his second season, Stevens led the Celtics on a return to the playoffs in 2015. During the following season, the Celtics clinched the top seed in the Eastern Conference, but were eliminated in the Conference Finals. This prompted an aggressive rebuild in 2017, where the team acquired All-Stars Kyrie Irving and Gordon Hayward. However, the pair struggled with injuries throughout the 2017\u201318 season, and the team was again defeated in the Eastern Conference Finals, despite pushing the Cleveland Cavaliers to seven games.", "Q86333": "Pauline Anna Milder-Hauptmann (13 December 1785 \u2013 29 May 1838) was an operatic soprano.", "Q2415003": "The Kingdom of Serbia (Serbian: \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0459\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430 / Kraljevina Srbija), or Serbian Kingdom (\u0421\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0459\u0435\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e / Srpsko kraljevstvo), was a medieval Serbian state that existed from 1217 to 1346, ruled by the Nemanji\u0107 dynasty. The Grand Principality of Serbia was elevated with the coronation of Stefan Nemanji\u0107 as king by his brother, archbishop Sava, after inheriting all territories unified by their father, grand prince Stefan Nemanja. The kingdom was proclaimed an empire on 16 April 1346.", "Q262791": "Stephen Michael Reich ( born October 3, 1936) is an American composer known for his contribution to the development of minimal music in the mid to late 1960s.Reich's work is marked by its use of repetitive figures, slow harmonic rhythm, and canons. His innovations include using tape loops to create phasing patterns, as on the early compositions It's Gonna Rain (1965) and Come Out (1966), and the use of simple, audible processes, as on Pendulum Music (1968) and Four Organs (1970). The 1978 recording Music for 18 Musicians would help entrench minimalism as a movement. Reich's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of historical themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage, notably Different Trains (1988).\nReich's style of composition has influenced many contemporary composers and groups, especially in the US. Writing in The Guardian, music critic Andrew Clements suggested that Reich is one of \"a handful of living composers who can legitimately claim to have altered the direction of musical history\".\n\n", "Q666700": "Laizhou, alternately romanized as Laichow, is a county-level city in Yantai Prefecture, Shandong Province, China. As of 2008, Laizhou had a population of 902,000, out of which 188,000 are urban residents.\nLaizhou traditionally boasts strong economy due to its abundant natural resources, such as gold, magnesium, granite, and salt. Laizhou produces about 15% of the gold production of the whole nation, around 55,000 pounds annually. It is ranked 37th among the similar size cities in the nation and the top 10 in Shandong Province. In 2010, the GDP of Laizhou reached US$7.3 billion. Laizhou Port is one of the major ports in the Yellow River Delta.", "Q1206012": "Deutsches Reich (German: [\u02c8d\u0254\u028ft\u0283\u0259s \u02c8\u0281a\u026a\u00e7]) was the constitutional name in the German language for the German nation state that existed from 1871 to 1945. The Reich became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty entirely from a continuing unitary German \"national people\"; with that authority and sovereignty being exercised at any one time over a unitary German \"state territory\" with variable boundaries and extent. Although commonly translated as \"German Empire\", the word Reich here better translates as \"realm\" or territorial \"reach,\" in that the term does not in itself have monarchical connotations. The word Kaiserreich is applied to denote an empire with an emperor; hence the German Empire of 1871\u20131918 is termed Deutsches Kaiserreich in standard works of reference. From 1943 to 1945, the official name of Germany became \u2013 but was not formally proclaimed \u2013 Gro\u00dfdeutsches Reich (\"Greater German Reich\") on account of the additional German peoples and associated territories annexed into the state's administration before and during the Second World War.\nTo refer to the entire period 1871\u20131945, the partially translated \"German Reich\" () is applied by historians in formal contexts, although in common English usage this state was and is known simply as Germany, the English term \"German Empire\" being reserved to denote the German state between 1871 and 1918.\nThe history of the nation-state known as the German Reich is commonly divided into three periods:\n\nGerman Empire (1871\u20131918)\nWeimar Republic (1918\u20131933)\nNazi Germany (1933\u20131945)The Nazi regime was sometimes contemporaneously called the \"Third Reich\" in common language, counting the Holy Roman Empire as the first and the 1871 German Empire as the second, and ignoring the Weimar Republic, but the use of this term is mostly retrospective.\nThe Federal Republic of Germany asserted, following its establishment in 1949, that within its boundaries it was the sole legal continuation of the German Reich; and consequently not a successor state. Nevertheless, the Federal Republic did not maintain the specific title 'German Reich'; and so consistently replaced the prefix \"Reichs..\" in all official titles and designations with \"Bundes..\". Hence, the Reichskanzler became the Bundeskanzler. Following German reunification in 1990, the expanded Federal Republic describes itself as 'United Germany'; emphasising that Germany does not now recognise any territories outside its united boundaries, but ever included in the former German Reich, as having a valid claim to be a part of Germany as a whole.", "Q204414": "Carry On Columbus is a 1992 British comedy film, the 31st and final release in the Carry On film series (1958\u20131992). The film was a belated entry to the series, following 1978's Carry On Emmannuelle. It was produced to coincide with the 500th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas (two other more serious films on the subject, 1492: Conquest of Paradise and Christopher Columbus: The Discovery came out the same year).", "Q89000": "Harald Krassnitzer (born 10 September 1960, in Gr\u00f6dig, Austria) is an Austrian actor.", "Q558130": "David Hyatt (born 28 June 1972) is an American software engineer and a Shadowrun game expansion author. Employed by Apple Inc. starting in 2002, he was part of the Safari web browser and WebKit framework development team. He also helped develop the HTML 5, XLB, and XUL specifications.", "Q78947": "Norbert Darabos (born 31 May 1964) is an Austrian politician. Currently, he serves as the president of the Austrian Study Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution (ASPR). From 2007 to 2013, he served as Minister of National Defence under the chancellors Gusenbauer and Faymann. From 2015 to 2016, he was secretary general of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SP\u00d6). He is married and has two children.\n\n", "Q49542": "Russians (Russian: \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435, tr. russkiye, IPA: \u02c8rusk\u02b2\u026aje) are an East Slavic ethnic group and nation native to European Russia and other parts of Eastern Europe (some territories of the former Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire); they are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe. The majority of ethnic Russians live in the Russian Federation, but notable minorities exist in other former Soviet states such as Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Ukraine and the Baltic states. A large Russian diaspora (sometimes including Russophones, i.e. Russian-speaking non-Russians) has developed all over the world, with notable numbers in the United States, Germany, Brazil, and Canada. The culture of the ethnic Russian people has a long tradition and it is a foundation for the modern culture of the whole of Russia. The Russian language originally was the language of ethnic Russians. They are historically Orthodox Christians by religion.\nThe ethnic Russians formed from East Slavic tribes and their cultural ancestry is based in Kievan Rus'. The Russian word for ethnic Russians is derived from the people of Rus' and the territory of Rus'. The Russians share many historical and cultural traits with other European peoples, and especially with other East Slavic ethnic groups, specifically Belarusians and Ukrainians. Many ethnic groups had a common history within the former Soviet Union and Russian Empire, which was influential in the spreading of Russian culture and language. The Russian language is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and is also spoken as a secondary language in many former Soviet states.\nThe ethnic Russians make up the largest of the 194 ethnic groups who live in Russia, according to the 2010 census. Some 80.90% (111,016,896 people) of the population identified voluntarily as ethnically Russian. The Constitution declares Russia to be a multinational (multiethnic) state and it named the \"multinational people of Russia\" as a sovereign nation (i.e. not ethnic Russian, officially Russia is not a nation state). The Russian word used for citizens of Russia is different from the word for ethnic Russian (see Citizenship of Russia); other languages often do not distinguish between these two groups. The Tsardom of Russia became a multi-ethnic state in the 16th century in its imperial phase (see History of Russia). The number of ethnic Russians living outside the Russian Federation is estimated at roughly between 20 and 30 million people (see Russian diaspora).", "Q82155": "Private Number is a 1936 American drama film directed by Roy Del Ruth and starring Loretta Young, Robert Taylor and Basil Rathbone. It is sometimes known by the alternative title of Secret Interlude. It was based on the play Common Clay by Cleves Kinkead which had previously been made into a film of the same name in 1930. Following the more rigorous enforcement of the Motion Picture Production Code after 1934, many of the more salacious elements of the earlier film were left out.", "Q1523793": "Gil Bernal (1931-2011) was a singer and a session musician. His saxophone can be heard on recordings such as \"Searchin'\" by The Coasters. In the 1950s he played on Duane Eddy's 1958 album Have 'Twangy' Guitar Will Travel. In later years, he played on Warren Zevon's 2003 album The Wind and the Ch\u00e1vez Ravine album by Ry Cooder.\n\n", "Q304366": "The Great Race is a 1965 American Technicolor slapstick comedy film starring Jack Lemmon, Tony Curtis, and Natalie Wood, directed by Blake Edwards, written by Edwards and Arthur A. Ross, and with music by Henry Mancini and cinematography by Russell Harlan. The supporting cast includes Peter Falk, Keenan Wynn, Arthur O'Connell and Vivian Vance. The movie cost US$12 million (equivalent to $97.36 million in 2019), making it the most expensive comedy film at the time. The story was inspired by the actual 1908 New York to Paris Race.It is noted for one scene that was promoted as \"the greatest pie fight ever\".", "Q189950": "Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam (Russian: \u041e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043f \u042d\u043c\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043c, IPA: [\u02c8os\u02b2\u026ap \u026a\u02c8m\u02b2il\u02b2j\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 m\u0259nd\u02b2\u026al\u02b2\u02c8\u0282tam]; 14 January [O.S. 2 January] 1891 \u2013 27 December 1938) was a Russian and Soviet poet and essayist of Jewish origin. He was the husband of Nadezhda Mandelstam and one of the foremost members of the Acmeist school of poets. He was arrested by Joseph Stalin's government during the repression of the 1930s and sent into internal exile with his wife.\nGiven a reprieve of sorts, they moved to Voronezh in southwestern Russia. In 1938 Mandelstam was arrested again and sentenced to five years in a corrective-labour camp in the Soviet Far East. He died that year at a transit camp near Vladivostok.", "Q200672": "Notting Hill is a 1999 romantic comedy film directed by Roger Michell. The screenplay was written by Richard Curtis, author of Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), and the film was produced by Duncan Kenworthy. The film stars Julia Roberts, Hugh Grant, Rhys Ifans, Emma Chambers, Tim McInnerny, Gina McKee, and Hugh Bonneville. The story is of a romance between a London book seller played by Grant and a famous American actress played by Roberts, who happens to walk into his shop.\nReleased on 21 May 1999, Notting Hill was well received by critics and became the highest-grossing British film released in 1999. The film won a BAFTA, was nominated in two other categories, and won other awards, including a British Comedy Award and a Brit Award for the soundtrack.", "Q67867": "Vergeletto is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 10 April 2016 the former municipalities of Vergeletto, Gresso, Mosogno and Isorno merged into the municipality of Onsernone.", "Q133566": "The San Siro, officially known as Stadio Giuseppe Meazza, is a football stadium in the San Siro district of Milan, which is the home of AC Milan and Internazionale. It has a seating capacity of 75,923, making it one of the largest stadiums in Europe, and the largest in Italy.\nOn 3 March 1980, the stadium was named in honour of Giuseppe Meazza, the two-time World Cup winner (1934, 1938) who played for Inter and briefly for Milan in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s and served two stints as Inter's manager.\nSan Siro is a UEFA category four stadium. It hosted three games at the 1934 FIFA World Cup, six games at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, three games at the UEFA Euro 1980, and four European Cup finals, in 1965, 1970, 2001 and 2016. The stadium will also host the opening ceremony of the 2026 Winter Olympics of Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo.", "Q230969": "Coretta Scott King (n\u00e9e Scott; April 27, 1927 \u2013 January 30, 2006) was an American author, activist, civil rights leader, and the wife of Martin Luther King Jr. An active advocate for African-American equality, she was a leader for the Civil rights movement in the 1960s. King was also a singer who often incorporated music into her civil rights work. King met her husband while attending graduate school in Boston. They both became increasingly active in the American Civil Rights Movement.\nKing played a prominent role in the years after her husband's assassination in 1968 when she took on the leadership of the struggle for racial equality herself and became active in the Women's Movement. King founded the King Center and sought to make his birthday a national holiday. She finally succeeded when Ronald Reagan signed legislation which established Martin Luther King Jr. Day on November 2, 1983. She later broadened her scope to include both advocacy for LGBT rights and opposition to apartheid. King became friends with many politicians before and after Martin Luther King's death, including John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Robert F. Kennedy. Her telephone conversation with John F. Kennedy during the 1960 presidential election has been credited by historians for mobilizing African-American voters.In August 2005, King suffered a stroke which paralyzed her right side and left her unable to speak; five months later she died of respiratory failure due to complications from ovarian cancer. Her funeral was attended by some 10,000 people, including four of five living US presidents. She was temporarily buried on the grounds of the King Center until being interred next to her husband. She was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame, the National Women's Hall of Fame, and was the first African American to lie in the Georgia State Capitol. King has been referred to as \"First Lady of the Civil Rights Movement\".", "Q102963": "Alex Geringas is a composer and songwriter based in Los Angeles, United States.", "Q924116": "M\u0101ris \u010caklais (16 June 1940 \u2013 13 December 2003) was a Latvian poet, writer, and journalist.\n\u010caklais studied journalism at the University of Latvia until 1964; his first publications appeared in 1960. He translated to Latvian Bertolt Brecht, Paul Celan, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, and Rainer Maria Rilke, among others. He also wrote the lyrics, which were set to Imants Kalni\u0146\u0161' music in the movie directed by Rolands Kalni\u0146\u0161, Four White Shirts (\"Elpojiet dzi\u013c\u0101k!\u201d (Breathe Deeper!)) and Ferenc Moln\u00e1r's play \"Liliom\".\n\u010caklais worked at the newspapers \"Literat\u016bra un M\u0101ksla\" (Literature and Art) and \"Literat\u016bra un M\u0101ksla Latvij\u0101\u201d (Literature and Art in Latvia), and for the Radio Free Europe. In 2000, \u010caklais was a member of the Latvian delegation to the European writers project Literature Express Europe 2000.\nFrom 2000 to 2003, he was the editor-in-chief of the literary journal \"Karogs\".\nFollowing re-establishing of Latvian independence in 1990, \u010caklais received the Fridtjof Nansen International Award (1994), the Latvian Annual Literature Award (2000), the Order of the Three Stars (2000), and the Herder Prize (2002).\nHe died in Riga in 2003.", "Q189788": "Zenonas Petrauskas (June 22, 1950 \u2013 January 18, 2009) was a Lithuanian lawyer and deputy foreign minister of Lithuania (2004\u20132006). He worked as an associate professor of international law. He was born in \u010ceki\u0161k\u0117 (Kaunas district municipality).", "Q84524": "Paula Anna Maria Wessely (20 January 1907 \u2013 11 May 2000) was an Austrian theatre and film actress. Die Wessely (literally \"The Wessely\"), as she was affectionately called by her admirers and fans, was Austria's foremost popular postwar actress.", "Q373688": "Darby's Rangers (released in the UK as The Young Invaders) is a 1958 war film starring James Garner as William Orlando Darby, who organized and led the first units of United States Army Rangers during World War II. The movie was shot by Warner Brothers Studios in black and white to match wartime stock footage included in the production and was directed by William Wellman. The film was based on the 1945 book Darby's Rangers: An Illustrated Portrayal of the Original Rangers by Major James J. Altieri, himself a veteran of Darby's force.", "Q1392115": "Political Animals is a six-episode American comedy-drama miniseries created by Greg Berlanti. The series aired in the United States on USA Network from July 15 through August 19, 2012. Sigourney Weaver portrays Elaine Barrish, a divorced former First Lady and Governor of Illinois, as well as the current Secretary of State. Weaver and the show's production team acknowledge that the lead character has some similarities to Hillary Clinton. They say that the premise of the show is \"very much about all families who have been in the White House, the price they've paid for being there and the fact that those same families will often try or continue to try to get back into the White House again.\"While it was speculated that the miniseries would lead into a full season, on November 2, 2012, USA Network announced their decision to stick with their initial plan of producing it as a miniseries.\n\n", "Q47209": "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling and the second novel in the Harry Potter series. The plot follows Harry's second year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, during which a series of messages on the walls of the school's corridors warn that the \"Chamber of Secrets\" has been opened and that the \"heir of Slytherin\" would kill all pupils who do not come from all-magical families. These threats are found after attacks that leave residents of the school petrified. Throughout the year, Harry and his friends Ron and Hermione investigate the attacks.\nThe book was published in the United Kingdom on 2 July 1998 by Bloomsbury and later in the United States on 2 June 1999 by Scholastic Inc. Although Rowling says she found it difficult to finish the book, it won high praise and awards from critics, young readers, and the book industry, although some critics thought the story was perhaps too frightening for younger children. Much like with other novels in the series, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets triggered religious debates; some religious authorities have condemned its use of magical themes, whereas others have praised its emphasis on self-sacrifice and the way one's character is the result of one's choices.\nSeveral commentators have noted that personal identity is a strong theme in the book and that it addresses issues of racism through the treatment of non-human, non-magical, and non-living people. Some commentators regard the diary as a warning against uncritical acceptance of information from sources whose motives and reliability cannot be checked. Institutional authority is portrayed as self-serving and incompetent.\nThe film adaptation of the novel, released in 2002, became (at that time) the fifth highest-grossing film ever and received generally favourable reviews. Video games loosely based on Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets were also released for several platforms, and most obtained favourable reviews.", "Q3120172": "Guillaume Georges Didier S\u00e1rk\u00f6zy de Nagy-B\u00f3csa simply known as Guillaume Sarkozy, is a French entrepreneur and vice-president of the MEDEF, the French union of employers. Guillaume Sarkozy is the older brother of former French president Nicolas Sarkozy. He has a half-brother, Olivier Sarkozy.\nHe was enrolled in the private Catholic middle and high school Cours Saint-Louis de Monceau, and then in the public Lyc\u00e9e (High School) Janson-de-Sailly, both located in Paris. He holds an engineering degree from the \u00c9cole sp\u00e9ciale des travaux publics (ESTP) of Paris.Guillaume Sarkozy started his career working on assignments at the Directorate (Office) of Public Safety (direction de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 civile) inside the Ministry of Interior (1974-1976). He then joined IBM France where he was a sales engineer (1976-1979).In 1979, he became COO of Tissage de Picardie and has been its president and CEO since 1981. He also became CEO of Tissage Rinet (1985) and Velveterie (1990), which he merged with Tissage de Picardie. He is now the owner of the company, having bought it from the family of his first wife. Tissage de Picardie is one of the world leaders in upholstery fabrics. Located in the Somme d\u00e9partement, it employs around 120 people, and exports about 65% of its production.\nGuillaume Sarkozy entered the CNPF, later renamed MEDEF, where he was the chairman of the Committee on Social Welfare (commission de la protection sociale). He is now the vice-president of the MEDEF (since 2000), and has also been the chairman of the French Union of Textile Industries (Union des industries textiles, or UIT) since 2000.", "Q145396": "Your Name is Justine (Polish: Masz na imi\u0119 Justine) is a 2005 Luxembourgish film directed by Franco de Pe\u00f1a. De Pe\u00f1a had originally wanted to produce the film in Germany, but when he was unable to garner enough funds, he came to Luxembourg. The film was co-produced by Luxembourg Hemisphere Films and Polish Opus Film, and shot primarily in Luxembourg with the aid of numerous local technicians. As a result of the multifaceted production, the dialogue of the movie is in English, German and Polish. The plot of the story revolves around a girl called Mariola (Anna Cieslak), who is forced into prostitution in Berlin, and attempts to hold on to her sense of self despite being exploited by those around her.The film was Luxembourg's submission to the 79th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Although previous submissions (such as Italy's Private) had been rejected due to not being in the official language of the country, the Academy removed the requirement for the 79th Academy Awards, allowing Your Name is Justine and other films such as Canada's Water (which contained only Hindi dialogue) to be submitted. However, the film was rejected by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences before the formal review process. The Academy determined that there was not enough creative contribution from Luxembourg to qualify under the Academy's requirements, which stress that a \"submitting country must certify that creative talent of that country exercised artistic control of the film.\" Joy Hoffman, the head of Luxembourg's foreign-language Oscar committee, was disappointed by the rejection. Although he accepted the notion that the film was a \"borderline entry\", he noted that \"without Luxembourg the film wouldn't exist\".", "Q736123": "Norman Fitzroy Maclean (December 23, 1902 \u2013 August 2, 1990) was an American author and scholar noted for his books A River Runs Through It and Other Stories (1976) and Young Men and Fire (1992).", "Q876122": "New Westminster is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of Metro Vancouver. It was founded by Major-General Richard Moody as the capital of the new-born Colony of British Columbia in 1858, and continued in that role until the Mainland and Island Colonies were merged in 1866, and was the Mainland's largest city from that year until it was passed in population by Vancouver during the first decade of the 20th century.\nIt is located on the banks of the Fraser River as it turns southwest towards its estuary, on the southwest side of the Burrard Peninsula and roughly at the centre of the Greater Vancouver region.", "Q155185": "J\u00falia Lemmertz Dias (born March 18, 1963) is a Brazilian television, film and stage actress.", "Q125462": "Karl Ludwig von Haller (1 August 1768 \u2013 20 May 1854) was a Swiss jurist. He was the author of Restauration der Staatswissenschaften (Restoration of the Science of the State, 1816\u20131834), a book which Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel strongly criticized in Elements of the Philosophy of Right. This work, which was burnt during the Wartburg festival, opposed nationalism and the bureaucracy of extensive government (including democratic governments).", "Q2100": "Duisburg (, also US: , German: [\u02c8dy\u02d0sb\u028a\u0281k] (listen); K\u00f6lsch: Duisbursh) is a city in the Ruhr metropolitan area of the western German state North Rhine-Westphalia. Lying on the confluence of the Rhine and the Ruhr rivers, Duisburg is one of the largest cities in Ruhr and 15th largest city in Germany.\nIn the Middle Ages, it was city-state and a member of the Hanseatic League, and later became a major centre of iron, steel, and chemicals industries. For this reason, it was heavily bombed in World War II. Today it boasts the world's largest inland port, with 21 docks and 40 kilometres of wharf.\n\n", "Q389042": "\u015eiir Elo\u011flu (born 6 December 1965, Istanbul, Turkey) is a Turkish-German actress who lives and works in Berlin and Cologne.", "Q282665": "Francesco Barsanti (1690\u20131775) was an Italian flautist, oboist and composer. He was born in 1690 in the Tuscan city of Lucca, but spent most of his life in London and Edinburgh.", "Q669355": "Lee Richardson (born October 31, 1947) is a Canadian businessman and politician.\nRichardson was first elected to Parliament in the 1988 election as a Progressive Conservative representing the riding of Calgary Southeast.\nIn 1993 Richardson returned to a successful career in business, community service and philanthropy.\nHe was re-elected in 2004, winning four consecutive elections in the constituency of Calgary Centre.\nRichardson announced his resignation from the House of Commons on May 30, 2012, in order to accept an appointment as Principal Secretary to the Premier of Alberta.", "Q300666": "Aaahh!!! Real Monsters is an American animated television series developed by Klasky Csupo for Nickelodeon. The show focuses on three young monsters\u2014Ickis, Oblina and Krumm\u2014who attend a school for monsters under a city dump and learn to frighten humans. Many of the episodes revolve around them making it to the surface in order to perform \"scares\" as class assignments.The series premiered October 29, 1994, at 11 am on Nickelodeon. Running a total of 52 episodes over 4 seasons, the final episode aired December 6, 1997.", "Q159967": "Augusto Roa Bastos (June 13, 1917 \u2013 April 26, 2005) was a Paraguayan novelist and short story writer. As a teenager he fought in the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia, and he later worked as a journalist, screenwriter and professor. He is best known for his complex novel Yo el Supremo (I, the Supreme) and for winning the Premio Miguel de Cervantes in 1989, Spanish literature's most prestigious prize. Yo el Supremo explores the dictations and inner thoughts of Jos\u00e9 Gaspar Rodr\u00edguez de Francia, the eccentric dictator of Paraguay who ruled with an iron fist, from 1814 until his death in 1840.\nRoa Bastos' life and writing were marked by experience with dictatorial military regimes. In 1947 he was forced into exile in Argentina, and in 1976 he fled Buenos Aires for France in similar political circumstances. Most of Roa Bastos' work was written in exile, but this did not deter him from fiercely tackling Paraguayan social and historical issues in his work. Writing in a Spanish that was at times heavily augmented by Guaran\u00ed words (the major Paraguayan indigenous language), Roa Bastos incorporated Paraguayan myths and symbols into a Baroque style known as magical realism. He is considered a late-comer to the Latin American Boom literary movement. Roa Bastos' canon includes the novels Hijo de hombre (1960; Son of Man) and El fiscal (1993; The Prosecutor), as well as numerous other novels, short stories, poems, and screenplays.", "Q1409": "Caligula (; Latin: Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 31 August 12 \u2013 24 January 41) was the third Roman emperor, ruling from 37 to 41. The son of the popular Roman general Germanicus and Augustus's granddaughter Agrippina the Elder, Caligula was born into the first ruling family of the Roman Empire, conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Germanicus' uncle and adoptive father, Tiberius, succeeded Augustus as emperor of Rome in 14.\nAlthough he was born Gaius Caesar, after Julius Caesar, he acquired the nickname \"Caligula\" (meaning \"little [soldier's] boot\", the diminutive form of caliga) from his father's soldiers during their campaign in Germania. When Germanicus died at Antioch in 19, Agrippina returned with her six children to Rome, where she became entangled in a bitter feud with Tiberius. The conflict eventually led to the destruction of her family, with Caligula as the sole male survivor. Untouched by the deadly intrigues, Caligula accepted an invitation in 31 to join the emperor on the island of Capri, where Tiberius had withdrawn five years earlier. Following the death of Tiberius, Caligula succeeded his adoptive grandfather as emperor in 37. \nThere are few surviving sources about the reign of Caligula, although he is described as a noble and moderate emperor during the first six months of his rule. After this, the sources focus upon his cruelty, sadism, extravagance, and sexual perversion, presenting him as an insane tyrant. While the reliability of these sources is questionable, it is known that during his brief reign, Caligula worked to increase the unconstrained personal power of the emperor, as opposed to countervailing powers within the principate. He directed much of his attention to ambitious construction projects and luxurious dwellings for himself, and initiated the construction of two aqueducts in Rome: the Aqua Claudia and the Anio Novus. During his reign, the empire annexed the client kingdom of Mauretania as a province.\nIn early 41, Caligula was assassinated as a result of a conspiracy by officers of the Praetorian Guard, senators, and courtiers. The conspirators' attempt to use the opportunity to restore the Roman Republic was thwarted, however. On the day of the assassination of Caligula, the Praetorians declared Caligula's uncle, Claudius, the next Roman emperor. Although the Julio-Claudian dynasty continued to rule the empire until the fall of his nephew Nero in 68, Caligula's death marked the official end of the Julii Caesares in the male line.", "Q318029": "Karl Paul Polanyi (; Hungarian: Pol\u00e1nyi K\u00e1roly [\u02c8pola\u02d0\u0272i \u02c8ka\u02d0roj]; October 25, 1886 \u2013 April 23, 1964) was an Austro-Hungarian economic historian, economic anthropologist, economic sociologist, political economist, historical sociologist and social philosopher. He is known for his opposition to traditional economic thought and for his book, The Great Transformation, which argued that the emergence of market-based societies in modern Europe was not inevitable but historically contingent. Polanyi is remembered today as the originator of substantivism, a cultural approach to economics, which emphasized the way economies are embedded in society and culture. This view ran counter to mainstream economics but is popular in anthropology, economic history, economic sociology and political science.\nPolanyi's approach to the ancient economies has been applied to a variety of cases, such as Pre-Columbian America and ancient Mesopotamia, although its utility to the study of ancient societies in general has been questioned. Polanyi's The Great Transformation became a model for historical sociology. His theories eventually became the foundation for the economic democracy movement. His daughter, Canadian economist Kari Polanyi Levitt (born 1923 in Vienna, Austria), is Emerita Professor of Economics at McGill University, Montreal.", "Q367825": "Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e Salm\u0101n ibn \u2018Abd al-\u2018Az\u012bz \u0100l Su\u2018\u016bd, Najdi Arabic pronunciation: [s\u00e6l\u02c8m\u00e6\u02d0n ben \u02c8\u0295\u00e6bd \u00e6l\u0295\u00e6\u02c8zi\u02d0z \u0294\u00e6\u02d0l s\u00e6\u02c8\u0295u\u02d0d]; born 31 December 1935) has been the king and prime minister of Saudi Arabia and custodian of the Two Holy Mosques since 23 January 2015.\nHe was the deputy governor of Riyadh and later the governor of Riyadh for 48 years from 1963 to 2011. He was then appointed minister of Defense. He was also named the crown prince in 2012 following the death of his brother Nayef bin Abdulaziz. Salman became the new king of Saudi Arabia on 23 January 2015 following the death of his half-brother, King Abdullah. Since early December 2019 he is also the oldest surviving son of Ibn Saud.\nHis major initiatives as king include the Saudi intervention in the Yemeni Civil War, Saudi Vision 2030, and a 2017 decree allowing Saudi women to drive. His son, Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman, is considered the de facto ruler of Saudi Arabia and has led many reforms within the country, as well as engendering a number of controversies, including the 2017 arrest of members of the Saudi royal family and the killing of Jamal Khashoggi.", "Q96646": "For the banker and entrepreneur, see George D. Sax.George Sachs (April 5, 1896 \u2013 October 30, 1960) was a Russian-born German and American metallurgist.\nBorn in Moscow, he taught at Frankfurt University (1930-1935), and the Case Institute of Technology (now Case Western Reserve University, CWRU; him since 1942)\nHe was of Jewish birth, and left Germany with his family in 1937 to escape Nazi persecution, and settled in the United States. He was the father of the astronomer Rainer K. Sachs.", "Q255883": "Monica Keena (born May 28, 1979) is an American actress. She made her film debut in While You Were Sleeping (1995), and a lead role as Lilliana Lilli Hoffman in Snow White: A Tale of Terror (1997).\nShe later starred as Lori Campbell in Freddy vs. Jason (2003), and has had roles in the films Brooklyn Rules (2007) and the 2009 remake of Night of the Demons. Keena has also worked in television, starring as Abby Morgan on Dawson's Creek, Rachel Lindquist on the short-lived comedy Undeclared, and Kristen on HBO's Entourage.", "Q23943": "Rodney Clark \"Hot Rod\" Hundley (October 26, 1934 \u2013 March 27, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and television broadcaster. Hundley was the number 1 pick of the 1957 NBA draft by the Cincinnati Royals out of West Virginia University. In 2003, Hundley received the Curt Gowdy Media Award from the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.\nHundley's life revolved around the game of basketball. His love and talent for the game led him to achieve honors in high school and most notably during his college years. At West Virginia University, Hundley played to packed crowds at the Old Field House. His dribbling antics and daredevil maneuvers on the floor led to his popular nickname, \"Hot Rod\". He later became known as a broadcaster for the Utah Jazz.\n\n", "Q108296": "Gabriele Kuby (born 1944 in Konstanz, Germany) is a German writer and sociologist. She is a Catholic convert and noted for Traditionalist Catholic ideas and orthodox positions on sexuality and gender, which are stated in works like The Global Sexual Revolution: The Destruction of Freedom in the Name of Freedom. She also became known for criticizing the morality of the Harry Potter series. She is pro-life.", "Q7078": "Rottenburg am Neckar (until 10 July 1964 only Rottenburg; Swabian: Raodeburg) is a medium-sized town in the administrative district (Landkreis) of T\u00fcbingen in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It lies about 50 kilometres (31 miles) southwest of the provincial capital Stuttgart and about 12 km (7 mi) southwest of the district town T\u00fcbingen. Rottenburg is the second-largest city of the district after T\u00fcbingen and makes up a secondary centre for the surrounding community. Since 1 May 1972, Rottenburg am Neckar has been a district town (Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt). Rottenburg agreed to an administrative collective with the municipalities of Hirrlingen, Neustetten and Starzach.\nRottenburg is the seat of a Roman Catholic bishop, being the official centre of the diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart. Moreover, it has a college of church music and a university of applied sciences (German Fachhochschule), specialising in forestry.", "Q15229": "The Chasseral is a mountain of the Jura Mountains, overlooking Lake Biel in the Swiss canton of Bern. With an elevation of 1,606 metres above sea level, the Chasseral is the highest summit in the canton of Bern outside the Alps. It is also both the northernmost and easternmost mountain reaching over 1,500 metres in the Jura Mountains. West of the summit is located the Chasseral Ouest (1,552 m), where runs the border with the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel. The Chasseral Pass is located further on the west.\nThe Chasseral is the fourth most topographically isolated mountain of Switzerland, although it is the first when considering only easily accessible summits. This results in a very extensive view over the other mountains of the Jura, the Swiss Plateau, the Alps, the Vosges and the Black Forest. The summit can be reached from the Chasseral hotel, where there is a bus stop.", "Q948966": "Allan David Bloom (September 14, 1930 \u2013 October 7, 1992) was an American philosopher, classicist, and academician. He studied under David Grene, Leo Strauss, Richard McKeon, and Alexandre Koj\u00e8ve. He subsequently taught at Cornell University, the University of Toronto, Tel Aviv University, Yale University, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure of Paris, and the University of Chicago. Bloom championed the idea of Great Books education and became famous for his criticism of contemporary American higher education, with his views being expressed in his bestselling 1987 book, The Closing of the American Mind. Characterized as a conservative in the popular media, Bloom denied that he was a conservative, and asserted that what he sought to defend was the \"theoretical life\". Saul Bellow wrote Ravelstein, a roman \u00e0 clef based on Bloom, his friend and colleague at the University of Chicago.", "Q212510": "Fitz James O'Brien (also spelled Fitz-James; 25 October 1826 \u2013 6 April 1862) was an Irish American Civil War soldier, writer, and poet often cited as an early writer of science fiction.", "Q88478": "Wilhelm Zimmermann (2 January 1807 in Stuttgart \u2013 22 September 1878 in Mergentheim) was a German theologian and historian. Zimmermann has been described as a \"founding father of German vegetarianism\".\n\n", "Q1363852": "Louis Vincent Gerstner Jr., (born March 1, 1942 in Mineola, New York) is an American businessman, best known for his tenure as chairman of the board and chief executive officer of IBM from April 1993 until 2002, when he retired as CEO in March and chairman in December. He is largely credited with turning IBM's fortunes around.Gerstner was formerly CEO of RJR Nabisco, and also held senior positions at American Express and McKinsey & Company. He is a graduate of Chaminade High School (1959), Dartmouth College (1963) and holds an MBA from the Harvard Business School. He is a former member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group.", "Q929340": "John Marshall (born 4 January 1962) is a former guitarist for the thrash metal band Metal Church (1986\u20131996, 1998\u20132001). He was the guitar tech for Metallica's lead guitarist Kirk Hammett. Marshall also became the fill-in rhythm guitarist for James Hetfield in 1986 (while still performing his duties as guitar tech) while Hetfield's wrist was broken due to a skateboarding accident, and again in 1992 when Hetfield was recovering from pyrotechnics burn injuries stemming from a concert with Guns N' Roses in Montreal during the Guns N' Roses/Metallica Stadium Tour. He also briefly played in progressive thrashers Blind Illusion (which also featured Les Claypool and Larry LaLonde of Primus).\nMarshall also has Type 1 diabetes. He stands 6' 7\" (200 cm).", "Q572901": "Minimal music (also called minimalism) is a form of art music or other compositional practice that employs limited or minimal musical materials. Prominent features of minimalist music include repetitive patterns or pulses, steady drones, consonant harmony, and reiteration of musical phrases or smaller units. It may include features such as phase shifting, resulting in what is termed phase music, or process techniques that follow strict rules, usually described as process music. The approach is marked by a non-narrative, non-teleological, and non-representational approach, and calls attention to the activity of listening by focusing on the internal processes of the music.The approach originated in the New York Downtown scene of the 1960s and was initially viewed as a form of experimental music called the New York Hypnotic School. In the Western art music tradition, the American composers La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass are credited with being among the first to develop compositional techniques that exploit a minimal approach. The movement originally involved dozens of composers, although only five (Young, Riley, Reich, Glass, and later John Adams) emerged to become publicly associated with American minimal music. In Europe, the music of Louis Andriessen, Karel Goeyvaerts, Michael Nyman, Howard Skempton, Gavin Bryars, Steve Martland, Henryk G\u00f3recki, Arvo P\u00e4rt and John Tavener exhibits minimalist traits.\nIt is unclear where the term minimal music originates. Steve Reich has suggested that it is attributable to Michael Nyman, an assertion that two scholars, Jonathan Bernard, and Dan Warburton, have also made in writing. Philip Glass believes Tom Johnson coined the phrase.\n\n", "Q2256407": "Hip hop soul is a subgenre of contemporary R&B music, most popular during the early and mid 1990s, which fuses R&B/gospel singing with hip hop musical production. The subgenre had evolved from a previous R&B subgenre, new jack swing, which had incorporated hip-hop influences into R&B music. By contrast, hip hop soul is, as described in The Encyclopedia of African American Music, \"quite literally soul singing over hip hop grooves\".The genre was most popular during the mid and late 1990s with artists such as Mary J. Blige (known as the \"Queen of Hip-Hop Soul\"), Jodeci, Faith Evans, TLC, and R. Kelly. By the late 1990s, hip hop soul would lead to the creation of neo soul, which retained the hip-hop and R&B/gospel influences while also adding elements of classic 1970s soul music.", "Q170339": "Lucas Cranach the Younger (Lucas Cranach der J\u00fcngere [j\u028f\u02c8\u014b\u025b\u0281\u0259]; October 4, 1515 \u2013 January 25, 1586) was a German Renaissance painter and portraitist, the son of Lucas Cranach the Elder.", "Q167645": "Sir Charles Augustus Hartley KCMG FRSE MICE (3 February 1825 \u2013 20 February 1915) was an eminent British civil engineer in the Victorian era. Due to his extensive work mapping the longest river in western Europe, he became known as 'The Father of the Danube.'", "Q42365": "Old English (\u00c6nglisc, Anglisc, Englisc, pronounced [\u02c8\u00e6\u014b\u0261li\u0283]), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was probably brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the mid-5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid-7th century. After the Norman conquest of 1066, English was replaced, for a time, as the language of the upper classes by Anglo-Norman, a relative of French. This is regarded as marking the end of the Old English era, as during this period the English language was heavily influenced by Anglo-Norman, developing into a phase known now as Middle English.\nOld English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or Ingvaeonic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish and West Saxon. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong Old Norse influence due to Scandinavian rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century.\nOld English is one of the West Germanic languages, and its closest relatives are Old Frisian and Old Saxon. Like other old Germanic languages, it is very different from Modern English and difficult for Modern English speakers to understand without study. Within Old English grammar nouns, adjectives, pronouns and verbs have many inflectional endings and forms, and word order is much freer. The oldest Old English inscriptions were written using a runic system, but from about the 8th century this was replaced by a version of the Latin alphabet.", "Q341148": "The Czech Social Democratic Party (Czech: \u010cesk\u00e1 strana soci\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00e1, \u010cSSD) is a social-democratic political party in the Czech Republic. It holds 15 seats in the Chamber of Deputies following the 2017 legislative election in which the party lost 35 seats. The party has been led by Jan Ham\u00e1\u010dek since 2018. It has been a junior coalition party within a minority cabinet since June 2018, and was a senior coalition party from 1998 to 2006 and from 2013 to 2017.\nThe \u010cSSD is a member of the Party of European Socialists, the Socialist International and the Progressive Alliance. Its members are divided into two prominent groups: a liberal wing consisting predominantly of progressive and social-liberal members, and a conservative wing often described as social-conservative and left-wing nationalist.", "Q321864": "Charles Hamilton \"Charlie\" Bell AO (7 November 1960 \u2013 17 January 2005) was an Australian business executive. He served as president of the American-based fast-food chain McDonald's from December 2002, and additionally as chief executive officer from April to November 2004. Bell was the first non-American and the youngest person to hold that position, and the first to be CEO from starting at the bottom of the chain as a crew member in a restaurant.", "Q9041": "James Watt (; 30 January 1736 (19 January 1736 OS) \u2013 25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1776, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.\nWhile working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water.\nWatt attempted to commercialise his invention, but experienced great financial difficulties until he entered a partnership with Matthew Boulton in 1775. The new firm of Boulton and Watt was eventually highly successful and Watt became a wealthy man. In his retirement, Watt continued to develop new inventions though none was as significant as his steam engine work.\nHe developed the concept of horsepower, and the SI unit of power, the watt, was named after him.\n\n", "Q55619": "Rainald of Dassel (c. 1120 \u2013 14 August 1167) was Archbishop of Cologne and Archchancellor of Italy from 1159 until his death. A close advisor to the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick Barbarossa, he had an important influence on Imperial politics, mainly in the Italian conflict of Guelphs and Ghibellines.", "Q1602929": "Hellmut Hattler (born 12 April 1952 in Ulm, Germany) is a German jazz and rock bassist and composer. \nHattler took much of his early influences from Jimi Hendrix. As a child, he received violin lessons, and in the 1960s, he played guitar. Joining Peter Wolbrandt's band marked the debut of his changeover to the bass. In May 1971, he founded the pop group Kraan with the Wolbrandt brothers Peter and Jan and Johannes Pappert. Kraan's early Krautrock style later developed towards fusion, combining rock, jazz and ethnic elements.\nApart from his own projects, Hattler has toured and recorded with many international musicians of various genres including Tina Turner, Billy Cobham, Joachim K\u00fchn, Torsten de Winkel, Alphonse Mouzon, and Nippy Noya.", "Q65902": "Wilhelm \"Willi\" M\u00fcnzenberg (14 August 1889, Erfurt, Germany \u2013 June 1940, Saint-Marcellin, France) was a German Communist political activist. M\u00fcnzenberg was the first head of the Young Communist International in 1919\u201320 and established the famine-relief and propaganda organization Workers International Relief in 1921. He was a leading propagandist for the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) during the Weimar Era, but later grew disenchanted with the USSR due to Joseph Stalin's Great Purge of the 1930s. Condemned by Stalin to be purged and arrested for treason, M\u00fcnzenberg left the KPD and in Paris became a leader of the German \u00e9migr\u00e9 anti-fascism and anti-Stalinist community until forced to flee the Nazi advance into France in 1940. Arrested and imprisoned by the Daladier government in France, he escaped prison camp only to be found dead a few months later in a forest near the commune of Saint-Marcellin, France.", "Q1443067": "Frank T. Cary (December 14, 1920 \u2013 January 1, 2006) was an American executive and businessman. Cary served as the Chairman of IBM from 1973 to 1983 and CEO from 1973 to 1981.", "Q23957": "Warner Oland (born Johan Verner \u00d6lund, October 3, 1879 \u2013 August 6, 1938) was a Swedish-American actor most remembered for playing several Chinese and Chinese-American characters: the Honolulu Police detective, Lieutenant Charlie Chan; Dr. Fu Manchu; and Henry Chang in Shanghai Express. His family emigrated to the United States when he was 13. He pursued a film career that included time on Broadway and dozens of film appearances, including 16 Charlie Chan films.", "Q2113685": "Dick Hutcherson (November 30, 1931 \u2013 November 6, 2005) was an American businessman and a former stock car racer. A native of Keokuk, Iowa, Hutcherson drove in NASCAR competition from 1964 to 1967. In 1965 he finished second in the overall NASCAR Drivers Championship and had nine wins. In 1967 he finished third overall but after four years of top-level racing he retired at the season's end to devote his energies to \"Hutcherson-Pagan Enterprises,\" a highly respected chassis-building business in Charlotte, North Carolina.\nDick hailed from Keokuk, Iowa, which has long been called the \"Home of Champions\" and the \"Racing Capital of the World\" along with his younger brother Ron. The \u201cKeokuk Gang\u201d consisted of \u201cOld Man\u201d Ernie Derr, Don White, Ramo Stott and Hutcherson himself. Dick Hutcherson said of Derr: 'Got to beat the old man. The old man will be tough to beat if you have to haul him out in a wheelchair.' He started racing in 1956 and moved up to the International Motor Contest Association (IMCA) circuit in 1959. Hutch was a quick learner and very competitive and took the IMCA championship in 1963 and 1964. He was the Late Model champion at Huron, South Dakota\u2019s Dakota State Fair Speedway in 1960 and 1964. He has 81 IMCA wins to his credit. During this time he also raced in the Midwest Association for Race Cars circuit.\nIn the spring of 1962 Curtis Turner fielded a race at Virginia International Raceway in an attempt to compete head to head with NASCAR [2]. The road race was on April 1, in direct competition with the regular event at Richmond the same day. Most of the NASCAR regulars chose to compete at Richmond, some because they were afraid to incur the wrath of Bill France. Entries in Turner\u2019s race included Tim Flock, who had been NASCAR Champion in both 1952 and 1955, three time NASCAR Convertible Division Champion Bob Welborn, and Hutcherson.", "Q53268": "Toyota Motor Corporation (Japanese: \u30c8\u30e8\u30bf\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e, Hepburn: Toyota Jid\u014dsha KK, IPA: [to\ua71cjota], English: ) is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. In 2017, Toyota's corporate structure consisted of 364,445 employees worldwide and, as of December 2019, was the tenth-largest company in the world by revenue. Toyota is the second largest automobile manufacturer in the world, behind Volkswagen, based on 2018 unit sales. Toyota was the world's first automobile manufacturer to produce more than 10 million vehicles per year, which it has done since 2012, when it also reported the production of its 200-millionth vehicle. As of July 2014, Toyota was the largest listed company in Japan by market capitalization (worth more than twice as much as number 2-ranked SoftBank) and by revenue.Toyota is the global market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe. Toyota is also a market leader in hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles. Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017. Its Prius family is the world's top-selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide as of January 2017.The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles. Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA. Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under five brands, including the Toyota brand, Hino, Lexus, Ranz, and Daihatsu. It also holds a 16.66% stake in Subaru Corporation, a 5.9% stake in Isuzu until 2018, a 5.5% stake in Mazda, a 4.9% stake in Suzuki, as well as joint-ventures with two in China (GAC Toyota and Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor), one in India (Toyota Kirloskar), one in the Czech Republic (TPCA), along with several \"nonautomotive\" companies. TMC is part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in Japan.\nToyota is listed on the London Stock Exchange, New York Stock Exchange and Tokyo Stock Exchange.", "Q13894": "Richard Georg Strauss (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281\u026a\u00e7a\u0281t \u02c8\u0283t\u0281a\u028as]; 11 June 1864 \u2013 8 September 1949) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, and violinist. Considered a leading composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras, he has been described as a successor of Richard Wagner and Franz Liszt. Along with Gustav Mahler, he represents the late flowering of German Romanticism after Wagner, in which pioneering subtleties of orchestration are combined with an advanced harmonic style.\nStrauss's compositional output began in 1870 when he was just six years old and lasted until his death nearly eighty years later. While his output of works encompasses nearly every type of classical compositional form, Strauss achieved his greatest success with tone poems and operas. His first tone poem to achieve wide acclaim was Don Juan (1889), and this was followed by other lauded works of this kind, including Death and Transfiguration (1890), Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks (1895), Also sprach Zarathustra (1896), Don Quixote (1897), Ein Heldenleben (1898), Symphonia Domestica (1905), and An Alpine Symphony (1915). His first opera to achieve international fame was Salome (1905) which used a libretto by Hedwig Lachmann that was a German translation of the French play Salom\u00e9 by Oscar Wilde. This was followed by several critically acclaimed operas with librettist Hugo von Hofmannsthal: Elektra (1909), Der Rosenkavalier (1911), Ariadne auf Naxos (1912, rev. 1916), Die Frau ohne Schatten (1919), Die \u00e4gyptische Helena (1928), and Arabella (1933). His last operas, Daphne (1938), Friedenstag (1938), Die Liebe der Danae (1940) and Capriccio (1942) used libretti written by Joseph Gregor, the Viennese theatre historian. Other well-known works by Strauss include two symphonies, lieder (especially his Four Last Songs from 1948), the Violin Concerto in D minor (1882), the Horn Concerto No. 1 (1883), Horn Concerto No. 2 (1943), his Oboe Concerto and other instrumental works such as Metamorphosen (1945).\nStrauss was also a prominent conductor in Western Europe and the Americas, enjoying quasi-celebrity status as his compositions became standards of orchestral and operatic repertoire. He was chiefly admired for his interpretations of the works of Liszt, Mozart, and Wagner in addition to his own works. A conducting disciple of Hans von B\u00fclow, Strauss began his conducting career as B\u00fclow's assistant with the Meiningen Court Orchestra in 1883. After B\u00fclow resigned in 1885, Strauss served as that orchestra's primary conductor for five months before being appointed to the conducting staff of the Bavarian State Opera where he worked as third conductor from 1886\u20131889. He then served as principal conductor of the Deutsches Nationaltheater and Staatskapelle Weimar from 1889\u20131894. In 1894 he made his conducting debut at the Bayreuth Festival, conducting Wagner's Tannh\u00e4user with his wife, soprano Pauline de Ahna, singing Elisabeth. He then returned to the Bavarian State Opera, this time as principal conductor, from 1894\u20131898, after which he was principal conductor of the Berlin State Opera from 1898\u20131913. From 1919\u20131924 he was principal conductor of the Vienna State Opera, and in 1920 he co-founded the Salzburg Festival. In addition to these posts, Strauss was a frequent guest conductor in opera houses and with orchestras internationally.\nIn 1933 Strauss was appointed to two important positions in the musical life of Nazi Germany: head of the Reichsmusikkammer and principal conductor of the Bayreuth Festival. The latter role he accepted after conductor Arturo Toscanini had resigned from the position in protest of the Nazi party. These positions have led some to criticize Strauss for his seeming collaboration with the Nazis. However, Strauss's daughter-in-law, Alice Grab Strauss [n\u00e9e von Hermannsw\u00f6rth], was Jewish and much of his apparent acquiescence to the Nazi Party was done in order to save her life, and the lives of her children (his grandchildren). He was also apolitical, and took the Reichsmusikkammer post in order to advance copyright protections for composers, attempting as well to preserve performances of works by banned composers such as Debussy, Mahler, and Mendelssohn. Further, Strauss insisted on using a Jewish librettist, Stefan Zweig, for his opera Die schweigsame Frau (1935) which ultimately led to his firing from the Reichsmusikkammer and Bayreuth. His opera Friedenstag, which premiered just before the outbreak of World War II, was a thinly veiled criticism of the Nazi party that attempted to persuade Germans to abandon violence for peace. Thanks to his influence, his daughter-in-law was placed under protected house arrest during the war, but despite extensive efforts he was unable to save dozens of his in-laws from being killed in Nazi concentration camps. In 1948, a year before his death, he was cleared of any wrong doing by a denazification tribunal in Munich.", "Q3172146": "Jean Frydman (born 26 June 1925) is a French resistant and businessman.", "Q347539": "Jean-Barth\u00e9lemy Haur\u00e9au (French: [o\u0281eo]; 9 November 1812 \u2013 29 April 1896) was a 19th-century French historian, journalist and administrator.", "Q21198": "Computer science is the study of processes that interact with data and that can be represented as data in the form of programs. It enables the use of algorithms to manipulate, store, and communicate digital information. A computer scientist studies the theory of computation and the design of software systems.Its fields can be divided into theoretical and practical disciplines. Computational complexity theory is highly abstract, while computer graphics emphasizes real-world applications. Programming language theory considers approaches to the description of computational processes, while software engineering involves the use of programming languages and complex systems. Human\u2013computer interaction considers the challenges in making computers useful, usable, and accessible.", "Q312276": "Randall William Rhoads (December 6, 1956 \u2013 March 19, 1982) was an American heavy metal guitarist who played with Quiet Riot and Ozzy Osbourne. A devoted student of classical guitar, Rhoads combined his classical music influences with his own heavy metal style. He died in a plane accident while on tour with Osbourne in Florida in 1982. Despite his short career, Rhoads, who was a major influence on neoclassical metal, is cited as an influence by many guitarists. Rhoads is included in several \"Greatest Guitarist\" lists.", "Q175241": "The University of Antwerp (Dutch: Universiteit Antwerpen) is one of the major Belgian universities located in the city of Antwerp. The official abbreviation is UA, but UAntwerpen is more recently used. The University of Antwerp has about 20,000 students, which makes it the third largest university in Flanders. The University of Antwerp is characterised by its high standards in education, internationally competitive research and entrepreneurial approach. It was founded in 2003 after the merger of three smaller universities.\nAs of 2019, the University of Antwerp ranks as 198th globally according to Times Higher Education, 223rd according to QS World University Rankings and between the 201 and 300th place according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities. The university ranked 22nd in the Times Higher Education Ranking for Young Universities (2019) and 18th in the QS University Ranking Top 50 Under 50 (2020). In ten domains the university's research is among the best in the world: Drug Discovery and Development; Ecology and Sustainable Development; Harbour, Transport and Logistics; Imaging; Infectious Diseases; Materials Characterisation; Neurosciences; Socio-economic Policy and Organisation; Public Policy and Political Science; Urban History and Contemporary Urban Policy.\n\n", "Q71977": "Helmut Pfleger (born August 6, 1943) is a German chess grandmaster and author. He was one of the most promising chess players in the 1960s and 1970s. By profession, he is a doctor of medicine.", "Q1289535": "David Sancious (born November 30, 1953 in Asbury Park, New Jersey) is an American musician. He was an early member of Bruce Springsteen's backing group, the E Street Band, and contributed to the first three Springsteen albums, and again on the Human Touch (1992), Tracks (1998), and Western Stars (2019). Sancious is a multi-instrumentalist but is best known as a keyboard player and guitarist. He left the E Street Band in 1974 to form his own band, Tone, and released several albums. He subsequently became a popular session and touring musician, most notably for Stanley Clarke, Narada Michael Walden, Zucchero Fornaciari, Eric Clapton, Peter Gabriel, and Sting among many others. In 2014, Sancious was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band.", "Q40572": "Heath Andrew Ledger (4 April 1979 \u2013 22 January 2008) was an Australian actor, photographer, and music video director. After performing roles in several Australian television and film productions during the 1990s, Ledger left for the United States in 1998 to further develop his film career. His work comprised nineteen films, including 10 Things I Hate About You (1999), The Patriot (2000), A Knight's Tale (2001), Monster's Ball (2001), Lords of Dogtown (2005), Brokeback Mountain (2005), Candy (2006), The Dark Knight (2008), and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009), the latter two being posthumous releases. He also produced and directed music videos and aspired to be a film director.For his portrayal of Ennis Del Mar in Brokeback Mountain, Ledger won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and the Best International Actor Award from the Australian Film Institute; he was the first actor to win the latter award posthumously. He was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and the Academy Award for Best Actor. Posthumously, he shared the 2007 Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award with the rest of the ensemble cast, the director, and the casting director for the film I'm Not There, which was inspired by the life and songs of American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan. In the film, Ledger portrayed a fictional actor named Robbie Clark, one of six characters embodying aspects of Dylan's life and persona.Ledger died on the afternoon of 22 January 2008 due to an accidental overdose of prescription medications. A few months before his death, Ledger had finished filming his performance as the Joker in The Dark Knight. At the time of his death, The Dark Knight was in its editing-phase, and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus was in the midst of filming, in which he was playing his last role as Tony. His untimely death also affected the subsequent promotion of The Dark Knight. His role as the Joker in The Dark Knight earned him universal acclaim and popularity from fans and critics alike. Ledger also received numerous posthumous accolades for his performance in The Dark Knight, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, a Best Actor International Award at the 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards, the 2008 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor, the 2009 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture, and the 2009 BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q25056945": "Blackpink (Hangul: \ube14\ub799\ud551\ud06c; commonly stylized as BLACKPINK or BL\u039b\u0186KPI\u0418K) is a South Korean girl group formed by YG Entertainment, consisting of members Jisoo, Jennie, Ros\u00e9, and Lisa.\nThe group debuted on August 8, 2016, with their single album Square One, which spawned \"Whistle\", their first number-one song in South Korea, as well as \"Boombayah\", their first number-one hit on the Billboard World Digital Songs chart. With the group's early commercial success, they were hailed as the New Artist of the Year at the 31st Golden Disc Awards and the 26th Seoul Music Awards.\nAs of 2019, Blackpink is the highest-charting female K-pop act on both Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, peaking at number 41 with \"Kill This Love\", and peaking at number 24 with Kill This Love, respectively. They are also the first and only K-pop girl group to enter and top Billboard's Emerging Artists chart. They are also the first female K-pop group to have four number-one singles on Billboard's World Digital Song Sales chart. At the time of its release, \"Ddu-Du Ddu-Du\" was the most-viewed Korean music video in the first 24 hours on YouTube, and in January 2019, it became the most viewed music video by a K-pop group on the website. As of September 2019, Blackpink is the most-subscribed music group on YouTube.", "Q443276": "Hanin Elias (born 31 May 1972) is a Syrian German industrial/techno artist. She was a member of Atari Teenage Riot and is now a solo artist.\nAfter Atari Teenage Riot's non-definitive break in 2000, and the subsequent death of Carl Crack from a drug overdose, the members of ATR split up, and Elias set up her own record label, Fatal Recordings.", "Q1618971": "Jerry Weiss (born May 1, 1946 in New York City) is an American trumpet and flugelhorn player, best known as a founding member of the jazz fusion band Blood, Sweat & Tears. He appeared on their critically acclaimed 1968 debut album, Child Is Father to the Man.\nWeiss left soon afterwards to help form the short-lived horn-band, Ambergris, where he played bass guitar and piano and was the principal arranger. He also contributed three songs on the album and co-wrote another. Weiss has made infrequent appearances on recordings by other artists, including Al Kooper, a fellow Blood, Sweat & Tears member.", "Q122319": "Valentin Senger (28 December 1918, in Frankfurt \u2013 4 September 1997, in Frankfurt) was a German author and journalist. He is best known for his 1978 autobiography, Kaiserhofstra\u00dfe 12, recounting his childhood at the central Frankfurt street Kaiserhofstra\u00dfe as the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants who survived the Nazi era undetected. The book appeared in English in 1980 under the title The Invisible Jew, and was adapted into a motion picture in the same year.", "Q78953": "Joseph Egger, also known as Josef Egger, (22 February 1889 \u2013 29 August 1966) was an Austrian character actor who appeared in 76 films between 1935 and 1965.", "Q188482": "Robin Hugh Gibb (22 December 1949 \u2013 20 May 2012) was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, who gained worldwide fame as a member of the pop group the Bee Gees with older brother Barry and fraternal twin brother Maurice. Robin Gibb also had his own successful solo career. Their younger brother Andy was also a singer.Gibb was born in Douglas on the Isle of Man to English parents, Hugh and Barbara Gibb; the family later moved to Manchester (where Andy was born) before settling in Redcliffe, just north of Brisbane, Australia. Gibb began his career as part of the family trio (Barry-Maurice-Robin). When the group found their first success, they returned to England where they achieved worldwide fame. In 2002, the Bee Gees were appointed as CBEs for their \"contribution to music\". However, investiture at Buckingham Palace was delayed until 2004.With record sales estimated in excess of 200 million, the Bee Gees became one of the most successful pop groups of all time. Music historian Paul Gambaccini described Gibb as \"one of the major figures in the history of British music\" and \"one of the best white soul voices ever\" owing to his distinctive vibrato-laden soulful voice. From 2008 to 2011, Gibb was President of the Heritage Foundation, honouring figures in British culture. After a career spanning six decades, Gibb last performed on stage in February 2012 supporting injured British servicemen at a charity concert at the London Palladium. On 20 May 2012, Gibb died at the age of 62 from liver and kidney failure brought on by colorectal cancer.Although Gibb predominantly sang without playing an instrument during a live performance, he played keyboards for the albums in the mid and late-1960s, notably on Odessa (1969), where he particularly played Hammond organ, Mellotron and piano. On his debut solo album Robin's Reign (1970), he played acoustic guitar, Hammond organ and drum machine.", "Q1033011": "Candido Cannav\u00f2 (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8kandido kanna\u02c8v\u0254]; 29 November 1930 \u2013 22 February 2009) was an Italian journalist, well known as the historical editor (1983\u20132002) of the Italian sport newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport.", "Q3359409": "Micronesia ((UK: , US: ); from Greek: \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 mikr\u00f3s \"small\" and Greek: \u03bd\u1fc6\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 n\u00easos \"island\") is a subregion of Oceania, composed of thousands of small islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It has a close shared cultural history with two other island regions: Polynesia to the east and Island Melanesia to the south; as well as with the wider Austronesian peoples.\nThe region has a tropical marine climate and is part of the Oceanian realm. There are four main archipelagos\u2014the Caroline Islands, the Gilbert Islands, the Mariana Islands, and the Marshall Islands\u2014along with numerous outlying islands.\nPolitically, the islands of Micronesia are divided between six sovereign nations: the Caroline Islands are divided between the Republic of Palau and the Federated States of Micronesia, the latter often shortened to \"FSM\" or \"Micronesia\" and not to be confused with the overall region; the Gilbert Islands (along with the Phoenix Islands and Line Islands in Polynesia) comprise the Republic of Kiribati; the Mariana Islands are in union with the United States, divided between the U.S. Territory of Guam and the U.S. Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; Nauru is a fully sovereign nation, coextensive with the island of the same name; and the Republic of the Marshall Islands is coextensive with that island group. Also noteworthy is Wake Island, which is claimed by both the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the United States, the latter having actual possession under immediate administration of the United States Air Force.\nHuman settlement of Micronesia began several millennia ago. There are competing theories about the origin(s) and arrival of the first Micronesians. The earliest known contact with Europeans occurred in 1521, when Spanish ships landed in the Marianas. The term \"Micronesia\" is usually attributed to Jules Dumont d'Urville's use of it in 1832, but Domeny de Rienzi had used the term a year previously.\n\n", "Q125310": "Theophil Andreas Luzius Sprecher von Bernegg (27 April 1850, Maienfeld \u2013 6 December 1927) was a Swiss politician and military Chief of the General Staff (1905\u20131919).\nAt the outbreak of World War I, he declined the office of General, which led to Colonel Ulrich Wille being elected.\n\nSprecher was depicted on a Swiss stamp in 1950. A complete edition of his writings was published in 2002.", "Q21826": "Edith Clarke (February 10, 1883 \u2013 October 29, 1959) was the first woman to be professionally employed as an electrical engineer in the United States, and the first female professor of electrical engineering in the country. She was the first woman to deliver a paper at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the first female engineer whose professional standing was recognized by Tau Beta Pi, and the first woman named as a Fellow of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. She specialized in electrical power system analysis and wrote Circuit Analysis of A-C Power Systems.", "Q57768": "Ernst Johann von Biron (German: Ernst Johann von Biron; Russian: \u042d\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0442 \u0418\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043d \u0411\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043d; (German: B\u00fchren); 23 November [O.S. 13 November] 1690 \u2013 29 December [O.S. 18 December] 1772) was a Duke of Courland and Semigallia (1737\u20131740 and 1763\u20131769) and briefly regent of the Russian Empire in 1740.", "Q585351": "William Kirby, (13 October 1817 \u2013 23 June 1906) was a Canadian author, best known for his classic historical novel, The Golden Dog.", "Q216004": "Thomas Theodor Heine (28 February 1867 \u2013 26 January 1948) was a German painter and illustrator. Born in Leipzig, Heine established himself as a gifted caricaturist at an early age, which led to him studying art at the Kunstakademie D\u00fcsseldorf and, briefly, at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. In 1896 he became successful as an illustrator for the satirical Munich magazine Simplicissimus, for which he appropriated the stylistic idiom of Jugendstil and the graphic qualities of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Aubrey Beardsley and Japanese woodcuts. The illustrated critiques of social orders, and the monarchy in particular, that he made for the magazine led to a six-month prison sentence in 1898. He also began work as a book illustrator in the 1890s.\nHe fled Germany in 1933, first to Prague. From 1938 until 1942 he lived in Oslo, and from 1942 until his death in 1948 he lived in Stockholm. He published a highly cynical autobiography in 1942 Ich warte auf Wunder (English: I Wait for Miracles).While \"I Wait for Miracles\" claims neither to be autobiographical nor a roman \u00e0 clef, it was written in 1941 while Hitler was in power in Germany and the Second World War was on-going. Despite the author's protestations, it is a novel based upon the events of the day, and in particular the events in Munich during the German Revolution of 1918-1919, the Bavarian Soviet Republic, and the rise of National Socialism from 1920 to 1925. Hitler is unfavorably portrayed as the character named \"Icarus,\" a soldier who first mesmerizes Munich audiences in the chapter entitled The Mass Meeting. It also depicts with less accuracy the 14 September 1921 assault by Hitler on the separatist Otto Ballerstedt, which resulted in Hitler being convicted and sentenced to 100 days in jail.", "Q496339": "Horst Frank (28 May 1929 \u2013 25 May 1999) was a German film actor. He appeared in more than 100 films between 1955 and 1999. He was born in L\u00fcbeck, Germany and died in Heidelberg, Germany.", "Q68598": "Saint Mechtilde of Hackeborn (1240/1241 \u2013 19 November 1298) was a Saxon Christian saint (from what is now Germany) and a Benedictine nun. In the modern Benedictine calendar, her feast is celebrated on the anniversary of her death, November 19. She died in the monastery of Helfta.\n\n", "Q172248": "Marcus Junius Brutus (; 85 BC \u2013 23 October 42 BC), often referred to simply as Marcus Brutus or Brutus, was a Roman senator during the political turmoil of the late Roman Republic. He took a leading role in the assassination of Julius Caesar. After being adopted by his uncle, Quintus Servilius Caepio, he used the name Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, but subsequently returned to his birth name.\nBrutus was close to General Julius Caesar, the leader of the Populares faction. However, Caesar's attempts to assume greater power for himself put him at greater odds with the Roman elite and members of the Senate. Brutus eventually came to oppose Caesar and fought on the side of the Optimates faction, led by Pompey, against Caesar's forces in the Civil War (49\u201345 BC). Pompey was defeated at the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC, after which Brutus surrendered to Caesar, who granted him amnesty.\nHowever, the underlying political tensions that led to the war had not been resolved. Due to Caesar's increasingly monarchical behavior, several senators, calling themselves \"Liberators\", plotted to assassinate him. They recruited Brutus, who took a leading role in the assassination, which was carried out successfully on 15 March 44 BC. The Senate, at the request of the Consul Mark Antony, granted amnesty to the assassins. However, a popular uprising forced Brutus and his brother-in-law, fellow assassin Gaius Cassius Longinus, to leave the City of Rome. In 43 BC Octavian, Caesar's adoptive son, became consul and immediately after taking office passed a resolution declaring Brutus and the other conspirators murderers. This led to a second civil war, in which Antony and Octavian fought the Liberatores led by Brutus and Cassius. The former decisively defeated the outnumbered armies of Brutus and Cassius at the Battle of Philippi in October 42 BC. After the battle, Brutus committed suicide. His name has since become synonymous with acts of intimate public betrayal or treason, and is perhaps only rivaled in this regard by the name of Judas.", "Q84530": "Edmund Elias Rumpler (4 January 1872 \u2013 7 September 1940) was an Austrian automobile and aircraft designer.\nBorn in Vienna, then Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Austria), he worked mainly in Germany. An automotive engineer by training, he collaborated with Hans Ledwinka on the first Tatra car (at that time called Nesselsdorfer-Wagenbau), the Pr\u00e4sident, in 1897.By age 30, in 1902, he had quit Daimler to become technical director of Adler. He designed the first German engine to have engine and gearbox as a unit at Adler. The next year, he patented a swing axle rear suspension system (an idea later adopted by Ferdinand Porsche for the KdF Wagen and Porsche 356, as well as by Chevrolet for the Corvair).\nThe Wright brothers turned Rumpler's attention to aviation. He quit Adler in 1907, and in 1910, copying countryman Igo Etrich's Taube, Rumpler became the first ever aircraft manufacturer in Germany.Rumpler continued to be interested in automobiles, and after the First World War, he applied aircraft streamlining to a car, building the Tropfenwagen (German, \"drop car\") in Berlin. A production model proved a sensation at the 1921 Berlin Auto Show. Rumpler's efforts produced a car with an astoundingly low Cw of only 0.28 (when tested in 1979); the Fiat Balilla of the period, by contrast, was 0.60.The Rumpler design inspired the 1923 Benz Tropfenwagen (which used the virtually-unchanged Rumpler chassis) and Auto Union (also built in part by Rumpler engineers) Grand Prix racers.\nRumpler's Tropfenwagen was not a commercial success, and only 100 Tropfenwagen were built, just two of which survive. Rumpler returned to aircraft.Because Rumpler was Jewish, he was imprisoned after Adolf Hitler took power in 1933, and his career was ruined, even though he was soon released. He died in Z\u00fcsow Germany in 1940, and the Nazis destroyed his records.", "Q198849": "Beh\u00e7et Necatigil (16 April 1916 \u2013 13 December 1979) was a leading Turkish author, poet and translator.", "Q160894": "Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a Romance ethnic group and nation native to Spain. Within Spain, there are a number of National and regional ethnic identities that reflect the country's complex history and diverse cultures, including a number of different languages, among which Spanish is the majority language and the only one that is official throughout the whole country.\nCommonly spoken regional languages include, most notably, Basque (a Paleohispanic language), Catalan and Galician (the latter two are both Romance languages like Spanish). Many populations outside Spain have ancestors who emigrated from Spain and share elements of a Hispanic culture. The most notable of these comprise Hispanic America in the Western Hemisphere.\nThe Roman Republic conquered Iberia during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. As a result of Roman colonization, the majority of local languages, with the exception of Basque, stem from the Vulgar Latin. The Germanic Vandals and Suebi, with part of the Iranian Alans under King Respendial, conquered the peninsula in 409 AD. They were followed by the Visigoths, who founded the Visigothic Kingdom. In 711 the Iberian Peninsula was conquered and brought under the rule of the Arab Umayyads. In the 11th and 12th centuries the Muslim Almohads and the Almoravids established Berber North African dynasties extending to this area. In the Middle Ages several Romance languages developed in the peninsula; Spanish would eventually become the main language in most of Spain.\nFollowing the Christian Reconquista against the Moors, the modern Spanish state was formed in the late 15th century by the union of the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, the conquest of the last Muslim Nasrid Kingdom of Granada in 1492, (the same year that Christopher Columbus reached the Americas), and the Canary Islands. In the early 16th century Spain also conquered the Kingdom of Navarre. In this period, Spain began to create an empire in the Americas.\nIt persecuted religious minorities in Spain, such as Jews and Muslims, requiring them either to convert (conversos) to Catholicism or be expelled. Heresy was persecuted by the established Catholic Church, the state religion, by the Spanish Inquisition.\nThe population of Spain has become more diverse due to immigration of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. From 2000 to 2010, Spain had among the highest per capita immigration rates in the world and the second-highest absolute net migration in the world (after the United States). The diverse regional and cultural populations mainly include the Castilians, Catalans, Andalusians, Valencians, Balearics, Canarians, Basques and the Galicians among others.", "Q87039": "Johannes Kaltenboeck (Bozen, June 29, 1853- c. 1919) was an Austrian writer known by his adventure stories. He had three pen names: Max Felde, Fritz Holten and Andries van Straaden.\nHis life is not very known. He started publishing several novels regularly from 1897 to 1917 in Der Gute Kamerad collections and he was the director of this publication after Wilhelm Speemann. He also wrote patriotic tales during World War I, and his novel about aeroplanes Das Aeromobil was very successful.", "Q3030361": "Sir Edward James Harland, 1st Baronet (15 May 1831 \u2013 24 December 1895) was a British shipbuilder and politician. Born in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, he was educated at Edinburgh Academy. In 1846, aged 15, he took an apprenticeship at the engineering works of Robert Stephenson and Company in Newcastle upon Tyne. Afterwards he was employed in jobs in Glasgow and again in Newcastle, before moving to Belfast in 1854 to manage Robert Hickson's shipyard at Queen's Island. Four years later he bought the yard and renamed the business Edward James Harland and Company. In 1861 he formed a business partnership with Gustav Wilhelm Wolff, his former personal assistant, creating Harland and Wolff. Later, Harland recruited William James Pirrie as another partner. Edward Harland, Gustav Wolff and William James Pirrie maintained a successful business, receiving regular orders from the White Star Line, before Harland's retirement in 1889, leaving Wolff and Pirrie to manage the shipyard.\nOutside his company, Harland served as a Belfast harbour commissioner. In 1885, Harland was granted a knighthood and a baronetcy. Harland was a member of the Conservative and Unionist Party, and served as Mayor of Belfast; later he moved to London and served as Member of Parliament for Belfast North until his death.", "Q764671": "Madball is an American New York hardcore band that originated in the late 1980s as a side project of Agnostic Front. The band developed after Agnostic Front's front man Roger Miret would let his younger half-brother Freddy Cricien take the microphone and perform lead vocals during Agnostic Front shows.", "Q920364": "George Rodger (19 March 1908 \u2013 24 July 1995) was a British photojournalist noted for his work in Africa and for photographing the mass deaths at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp at the end of the Second World War.\n\n", "Q161552": "Gregorian is a German band headed by Frank Peterson that performs Gregorian chant-inspired versions of modern pop and rock songs. The band features both vocal harmony and instrumental accompaniment. They competed in Unser Lied f\u00fcr Stockholm the German national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with the song \"Masters of Chant\". They placed 5th in the first round of the public voting, missing the top 3. They gained 9.06% of the public vote.", "Q601957": "Israel Epstein (20 April 1915 \u2013 26 May 2005) was a Polish-born Chinese journalist and author. He was one of the few foreign-born Chinese citizens of non-Chinese origin to become a member of the Communist Party of China.", "Q458656": "Dog Day Afternoon is a 1975 American neo-noir crime drama film directed by Sidney Lumet, written by Frank Pierson, and produced by Martin Bregman and Martin Elfand. Starring Al Pacino, John Cazale, James Broderick, and Charles Durning, it chronicles the events following a bank robbery committed by Sonny Wortzik (Pacino) and Salvatore Naturale (Cazale).Inspired by a Life magazine article \"The Boys in the Bank\" by P. F. Kluge, Dog Day Afternoon is largely a dramatization of the 1972 bank robbery masterminded by John Wojtowicz. Despite this, Wojtowicz claimed a number of the film's events contained inaccuracies. Dog Day Afternoon is notable for its anti-establishment tone, and marks the third collaboration between Pacino and Cazale, after The Godfather. It is the final film released in Cazale's lifetime (The Deer Hunter was released after his death), and its title refers to the sultry \"dog days\" of summer.\nThe film contains no musical score, bar the appearance of three diegetic songs. The majority of Dog Day Afternoon was shot on location in Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn; near the site of the actual bank robbery. Although the film follows the basic text of the script as written by Pierson, Lumet encouraged the actors to improvise and workshop scenes to facilitate naturalistic dialogue.Dog Day Afternoon was released in the United States on September 21, 1975, and received universal acclaim for the performances of its cast, its directing, and its screenplay. The film was nominated for six Academy Awards and seven Golden Globe awards, and won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. In 2009, Dog Day Afternoon was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the Library of Congress, and was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.", "Q359061": "Mitchell Scott Hewer (born 1 July 1989) is an English actor, best known for the role of Maxxie Oliver in the E4 teen drama Skins. He has also starred in Britannia High as the all-round talent Danny Miller.", "Q328698": "The Stadio San Nicola (English: Saint Nicholas Stadium) is a multi-use all-seater stadium designed by Renzo Piano in Bari, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of F.C. Bari 1908. The stadium itself resembles a 'flower'. To create this particular design, the stadium consists of 26 'petals' and upper tiers of the higher ring which are separated by 8-metre empty spaces, sufficient to guarantee satisfactory security conditions.\nThe stadium holds 58,248 people, and was filled to capacity for the first time during a 2013\u20132014 Serie B playoff match for A.S. Bari in June, 2014. Prior to that, the largest attendance at the stadium was 52,000 for an A.S. Bari Serie A match during the 2009\u201310 season.\nThe stadium was built in 1990 for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, during which it hosted five matches: Soviet Union vs. Romania, Cameroon vs. Romania, and Cameroon vs. Soviet Union in group B action; in the round of 16 matches, Czechoslovakia vs. Costa Rica; and the third place match between Italy and England.\nIt hosted the 1991 European Cup Final, won by Red Star Belgrade. It was also the venue for the 1997 Mediterranean Games.\nThe stadium hosted the UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying Group B between Italy and Scotland in March 2007, which Italy won 2\u20130, and was also a deciding match for the Unofficial World Football Championships.\nThe Stadio San Nicola hosted Italy's 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification against the Republic of Ireland on 1 April 2009. Italy were booed off the field after Ireland shocked the nation by scoring in the 87th minute. The match ended in a 1\u20131 draw.", "Q96134": "Paul Pleiger (28 September 1899 in Buchholz, now part of Witten, Westphalia \u2013 22 July 1985 in Hattingen) was a German state adviser and corporate general director.\nThe miner's son underwent training as an engineer and soon afterwards established himself as a small-scale entrepreneur and machine factory owner. He later created Paul Pleiger Handelsgesellschaft in 1952, specializing in the manufacturing of polyurethane cast elastomers for Bayer's Vulkollan.\nQuite early on \u2013 the exact date has been lost \u2013 he joined the NSDAP. For the Party, Pleiger functioned as a Gau economic adviser in the Gau of Westphalia-South (Westfalen-S\u00fcd), before he was summoned to the Raw Materials Office in Berlin in 1934.\nIn 1937, Hermann G\u00f6ring transferred to Pleiger the management of the Reichswerke AG f\u00fcr Erzbergbau und Eisenh\u00fctten \"Hermann G\u00f6ring\", commonly known as the Reichswerke Hermann G\u00f6rIng, an industrial establishment dealing in ore mining and iron, which was huge but unprofitable, but nevertheless deemed necessary to further Germany's growth and power. In 1941, Pleiger became Reich commissioner for Nazi Germany's coal supply, and in 1942 \"Reich Commissioner for the Whole Economy of the East\".\nIn the Ministries Trial at Nuremberg, Pleiger was convicted and sentenced to 15 years in prison in 1949. He was released from prison in 1951. One of his lawyers was Robert Servatius, who had defended Fritz Sauckel in the Nuremberg trials of the main war criminals, Karl Brandt in the Doctors' trial and later also Adolf Eichmann.As General Director of the Hermann G\u00f6ring Reich Works, Pleiger was one of the Third Reich's most influential economic functionaries and state entrepreneurs. As Reich Commissioner for the Eastern Economy, along with his position at the G\u00f6ring Works, he was jointly responsible for the exploitation of people and material from Nazi-occupied lands.\nAfter his retirement from the company he founded, operations continued under the direction of his son Dr. Paul Pleiger, Jr., who died in an automobile accident in 1983. His company would later see expansions to South Korea, Germany, and the United States.\n\n", "Q714396": "Philippe Amaury (6 March 1940 \u2013 23 May 2006) was a French publishing tycoon and entrepreneur who dominated the French media world. Amaury was the son of the publisher \u00c9milien Amaury.\u00c9ditions Philippe Amaury (EPA), the company he founded, publishes Le Parisien, a local newspaper in greater Paris, as well as the national journal Aujourd'hui. In partnership with SNC L'Equipe, the group publishes the sports journals L'\u00c9quipe, L'\u00c9quipe Magazine, France Football and V\u00e9lo Magazine. EPA owns the television channel L'Equipe TV..\nAmaury Sport Organisation is one of the largest promoters of sports events in France, including the Tour de France and Paris\u2013Roubaix bicycle races, the Enduro du Touquet, the Paris Marathon and the French Open tennis tournament.\nHe died out of cancer in 2006, at the age of 66.", "Q272596": "Naoko Mori (\u68ee \u5c1a\u5b50, Mori Naoko, born 29 November 1971) is a Japanese actress who lives and works mainly in the UK. Mori is best known for her roles as Toshiko Sato in Torchwood, Sarah in Absolutely Fabulous and Nicola in Spice World.", "Q255129": "Leslie Barbara Ashton (n\u00e9e Carter) (June 6, 1986 \u2013 January 31, 2012) was an American model and pop singer best known as the sister of Backstreet Boys member Nick Carter and singer Aaron Carter.\n\n", "Q447776": "Ignacio Ramonet Miguez (born 5 May 1943) is a Spanish academic, journalist and writer who has been based in Paris for much of his career. After becoming first known for writing on film and media, he became editor-in-chief of Le Monde diplomatique, serving from 1991 until March 2008. Under his leadership, LMD established editorial independence in 1996 from Le Monde, with which it had been affiliated since 1954.\nRamonet published an editorial in December 1997 in LMD on the Tobin tax that led to the launching of ATTAC. This is an activist organization promoting taxation of foreign exchange transactions.\nIn addition, Ramonet is one of the founders and president of the NGO Media Watch Global. He frequently contributes to El Pa\u00eds, among other media, and participates in an advisory council to TeleSUR.\n\n", "Q724255": "Kenna Zemedkun, known professionally as Kenna, is an American musician, philanthropist and technology creative. His track \"Say Goodbye to Love\" was nominated for Best Urban/Alternative Performance in the 2009 Grammy Awards. Kenna is the founder and producer of the Summit on the Summit clean water initiative, and also partnered with Justin Timberlake to re-imagine the social network Myspace before its purchase by Time Inc.\n\n", "Q102787": "Hermann von dem Busche (also Hermannus Buschius or Pasiphilus; 1468\u20131534) was a German humanist writer, known for his Vallum humanitatis (1518). He was a pupil of Rudolph von Langen. Vallum humanitatis, sive Humaniorum litterarum contra obrectatores vindiciae (1518) was in effect a manifesto for the humanist movement of the time.", "Q85606": "Achim Steiner (born 17 May 1961) is an environmentalist, of Brazilian-German ancestry, who currently serves as the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme. Before joining UNDP, he was Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme UNEP (2006\u20132016), and director of the Oxford Martin School (2016\u20132017). He has also served as Director General of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Secretary-General of the World Commission on Dams.", "Q391157": "Two Tickets to London is a 1943 drama film made by Universal Pictures, and directed by Edwin L. Marin. The screenplay was written by Tom Reed, based on story by Roy William Neill. The film stars Mich\u00e8le Morgan and Alan Curtis.", "Q719842": "Frank Victor Swift (26 December 1913 \u2013 6 February 1958) was an English footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Manchester City and England. After starting his career with local clubs near his home town of Blackpool, in 1932 he was signed by First Division Manchester City, with whom he played his entire professional career.\nSwift broke into the Manchester City first team in 1933, taking part in the club's run to the 1934 FA Cup Final, where the club triumphed 2\u20131 against Portsmouth. Three years later Swift won a League Championship medal, after playing in every match of Manchester City's championship-winning season. War denied Swift several years of playing in his prime, though during wartime he was chosen to represent his country in international matches. After the war he made his competitive international debut, playing 19 internationals between 1946 and 1949.\nSwift retired in 1949, taking up a career in journalism as a football correspondent for the News of the World. He died, aged 44, in the Munich air disaster after reporting on Manchester United's European Cup match against Red Star Belgrade.", "Q2863252": "Arnaud de Puyfontaine (born 26 April 1964) is a French businessman who has been serving as the chief executive officer of Vivendi since 2014.", "Q443538": "Evelyn Felisa Ankers (August 17, 1918 \u2013 August 29, 1985) was an American actress who often played variations on the role of the cultured young leading lady in the many American horror films during the 1940s, most notably The Wolf Man (1941) opposite Lon Chaney Jr., a frequent screen partner.", "Q516505": "Axelle Carolyn (born 3 April 1979 in Brussels) is a Belgian filmmaker and former actress and journalist.", "Q434968": "William Richard Frisell (born March 18, 1951) is an American guitarist, composer and arranger. One of the leading guitarists in jazz since the late 1980s, Frisell came to prominence as a stalwart for ECM Records. He went on to work in a variety of contexts, notably as a member of the New York City Downtown Scene where he formed a long partnership with John Zorn. He was also a longtime member of Paul Motian's groups from the early 1980s until Motian's death in 2011. Since 2000, Frisell's eclectic output as a bandleader has emphasized folk, country music, and Americana.", "Q13582652": "A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering \u2013 the application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating infrastructures while protecting the public and environmental health, as well as improving existing infrastructures that have been neglected.\nCivil engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines because it deals with constructed environment including planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, and water and sewage systems.The term \"civil engineer\" was established by John Smeaton in 1750 to contrast engineers working on civil projects with the military engineers, who worked on armaments and defenses. Over time, various sub-disciplines of civil engineering have become recognized and much of military engineering has been absorbed by civil engineering. Other engineering practices became recognized as independent engineering disciplines, including chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering.\nIn some places, a civil engineer may perform land surveying; in others, surveying is limited to construction surveying, unless an additional qualification is obtained.", "Q77490": "Margarete Buber-Neumann (21 October 1901 \u2013 6 November 1989), a German communist, wrote the memoir Under Two Dictators about her imprisonment in concentration camps during World War II in both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany and testified in the so-called \"trial of the century\" about the Kravchenko Affair in France.", "Q11715": "Leopold Figl (2 October 1902 \u2013 9 May 1965) was an Austrian politician of the Austrian People's Party (Christian Democrats) and the first Federal Chancellor after World War II. He was also the youngest Federal Chancellor of Austria after the war.", "Q312538": "Soul Kitchen is a 2009 German comedy film directed by Fatih Ak\u0131n, with a screenplay by Ak\u0131n and Adam Bousdoukos. Bousdoukos based the story on his own experiences as the owner of a Greek tavern named \"Taverna\", where Ak\u0131n was a regular customer. Ak\u0131n filmed the movie entirely in the Hamburg area.The film had its world premiere on 10 September 2009 at the 66th Venice Film Festival. The movie received general release in Germany on 25 December 2009. Ak\u0131n dedicated the film to his brother Cem, who appears in the film as Milli. The film also carries a tribute in the end credits to Monica Bleibtreu (mother of Moritz Bleibtreu), whose appearance as Nadine's grandmother in this film was her next-to-last cinema credit.\n\n", "Q1351604": "Marshall Jefferson (born September 19, 1959 in Chicago, Illinois, United States) is an American musician, working in house music, in particular, the subgenres of Chicago house and deep house.\n\n", "Q3446028": "The Royal Conservatoire of Scotland, (Scottish Gaelic: Conservatoire R\u00ecoghail na h-Alba) formerly the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, is a conservatoire of dance, drama, music, production and film in the centre of Glasgow, Scotland. It is a member of the Federation of Drama Schools.Founded in 1847, it has become the busiest performing arts venue in Scotland with over 500 public performances each year. \nThe current Principal is American pianist and composer Jeffrey Sharkey, the President is Sir Cameron Mackintosh, and the Patron is The Duke of Rothesay.", "Q172260": "The Lovers (previously known as Singularity, released in the UK as Time Traveller and in Belgium under the French title La Proph\u00e9tie de l'anneau) is a 2013 English-language romance time travel adventure film directed by Roland Joff\u00e9 and written by Ajey Jhankar. The film stars Josh Hartnett, Bipasha Basu, Alice Englert, Tamsin Egerton and Abhay Deol in lead roles. The film is the tale of an impossible romance set against the backdrop of the first Anglo-Maratha war across two time periods and continents and centred on four characters\u2014a British officer in 18th century British India, the Indian woman he falls deeply in love with, and a 21st-century American marine biologist and his wife.", "Q869758": "Christopher Michael \"Criss\" Oliva (April 3, 1963 \u2013 October 17, 1993) was an American musician who was the lead guitarist and co-founder of Savatage. During his lifetime, he released seven studio albums and one EP with the band.", "Q200896": "The Slovak Soviet Republic (Slovak: Slovensk\u00e1 republika r\u00e1d, Hungarian: Szlov\u00e1k Tan\u00e1csk\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g, Ukrainian: \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430, literally: \"Slovak Republic of Councils\") was a short-lived Communist state in southeast Slovakia in existence from 16 June 1919 to 7 July 1919. Its capital city was Pre\u0161ov and was headed by Czech journalist Anton\u00edn Janou\u0161ek. It was the fourth communist state created in history. \nIn 1918, Czechoslovak troops began occupying northern Hungary in accordance with the territorial promises that the Triple Entente made to Czechoslovak politicians during World War I. However, Upper Hungary (today mostly Slovakia) was occupied by Hungarian troops from the Hungarian Soviet Republic, who helped create the Slovak Soviet Republic.\nFollowing a brief war among Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Romania, the Slovak Soviet Republic fell and later the territory was incorporated into Czechoslovakia.", "Q93064": "Sam Oscar Lantinga is a computer programmer. He used to be the lead software engineer at Blizzard Entertainment, where he was known to the community as Slouken. He is best known as the creator of the Simple DirectMedia Layer, a very popular open source multimedia programming library, and also developed the compatibility database for Executor, a proprietary Mac OS emulator.He was the lead programmer and a co-founder of the now-defunct Loki Software, which ported several game titles to Linux. A Linux client of World of Warcraft was developed, and negotiations with Linux Game Publishing were under way until Blizzard cancelled the project. It is unknown if Lantinga was involved with this port.\nHe also founded Galaxy Gameworks in 2008 to help commercially support the Simple DirectMedia Layer. He left Blizzard Entertainment to \"relax, spend time with family, and explore some ideas to expand the Galaxy Gameworks business.\" Soon after he launched a new website for Gameworks including an extensive list of developer testimonials. Lantinga went on to work for 38 Studios, which shut down in May 2012. Lantinga is currently employed at Valve.", "Q3544": "Tambov (UK: , US: ; Russian: \u0422\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0432, IPA: [t\u0250m\u02c8bof]) is a city and the administrative center of Tambov Oblast, central Russia, located at the confluence of the Tsna and Studenets Rivers, about 480 kilometers (300 mi) south-southeast of Moscow. Population: 280,161 (2010 Census); 293,658 (2002 Census); 304,600\u2009(1989 Census).\n\n", "Q466790": "The Dead Zone is a horror and supernatural thriller novel by Stephen King published in 1979. It is his seventh novel and the fifth novel under his own name. It concerns Johnny Smith, who is injured in an accident and remains in a coma for nearly five years. Upon emergence, he exhibits clairvoyance and precognition with limitations, apparently because of a \"dead zone,\" an area of his brain that suffered permanent damage as the result of his accident. \nThough earlier King books were successful, The Dead Zone was the first of his novels to rank among the ten best-selling novels of the year in the United States. The book was nominated for the Locus Award in 1980 and was dedicated to King's son Owen.\nThe book spawned a 1983 film adaptation as well as a television series.", "Q10461933": "Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN) are a folk rock supergroup made up of American singer-songwriters David Crosby and Stephen Stills, and English singer-songwriter Graham Nash. When joined by Canadian singer-songwriter Neil Young as a fourth member, they are called Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (CSNY). They are noted for their intricate vocal harmonies, often tumultuous interpersonal relationships, political activism, and lasting influence on American music and culture. \nCSN formed in 1968 shortly after Crosby, Stills and Nash performed together informally in July of that year, discovering they harmonized well. Crosby had been asked to leave The Byrds in late 1967, and Stills' band Buffalo Springfield had broken up in early 1968; Nash left his band The Hollies in December, and by early 1969 the trio had signed a recording contract with Atlantic Records. Their first album, Crosby, Stills & Nash, was released in May 1969, from which came two Top 40 hits, \"Suite: Judy Blue Eyes\" [#21] and \"Marrakesh Express\" [#28]. In order to tour the album, the trio hired drummer Dallas Taylor and session bassist Greg Reeves, though they still needed a keyboardist; Ahmet Ertegun suggested Neil Young, who had played with Stills in Buffalo Springfield, and after some initial reluctance, the trio agreed, signing him on as a full member. The band, now named Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, started their tour, and played their second gig at Woodstock Festival in the early morning hours of August 18, 1969. The first album with Young, D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu, reached number one in several international charts in 1970, and remains their best selling album, going on to sell over 8 million copies three hit singles. Four singles were released from the album including \"Woodstock\" [#11], \"Teach Your Children\" [#16], and \"Our House\" [#30]. The group's second tour, which produced the live double album 4 Way Street (1971), was fraught with arguments between Young and Taylor, which resulted in Taylor being replaced by John Barbata, and tensions with Stills, which resulted in his being temporarily dismissed from the band. At the end of the tour the band split up. The group have since reunited several times, sometimes with and sometimes without Young, and have released eight studio and four live albums. \nCrosby, Stills & Nash were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and all three members were also inducted for their work in other groups (Crosby for the Byrds, Stills for Buffalo Springfield and Nash for the Hollies). Neil Young has also been inducted as a solo artist and as a member of Buffalo Springfield. They have not made a group studio album since 1999's Looking Forward, and are inactive as of 2020. Whether or not this break is permanent remains to be seen, as the group has often been inactive for years at a time.", "Q773325": "Spartanburg is a city in and the seat of Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States, and the 12th-largest city by population in the state. The city of Spartanburg has a municipal population of 37,013, and Spartanburg County has an urban population of 180,786 as of the 2010 census. For a time, the Office of Management and Budget grouped Spartanburg and Union Counties together as the \"Spartanburg Metropolitan Statistical Area\", but as of 2018 the OMB defines only Spartanburg County as the Spartanburg MSA.Spartanburg is the second-largest city in the greater Greenville\u2013Spartanburg\u2013Anderson Combined Statistical Area, which has a population of 1,385,045 as of 2014. It is part of a 10-county region of northwestern South Carolina known as \"The Upstate,\" and is located 98 miles (158 km) northwest of Columbia, 80 miles (130 km) west of Charlotte, North Carolina, and about 190 miles (310 km) northeast of Atlanta, Georgia.\nSpartanburg is the home of Wofford College, Converse College, USC Upstate, Spartanburg Methodist College, and Spartanburg Community College. It is also the site of headquarters for Denny's.", "Q202059": "Lambeth ( (listen)) is a London borough in south London, England, which forms part of Inner London. Its name was recorded in 1062 as Lambehitha (\"landing place for lambs\") and in 1255 as Lambeth. The geographical centre of London is at Frazier Street near Lambeth North tube station, though nearby Charing Cross on the other side of the Thames in the City of Westminster is traditionally considered the centre of London.", "Q712917": "Robert Derwent Garth Forster (born 29 June 1957) is an Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist and music critic. In December 1977 he co-founded an indie rock group, The Go-Betweens, with fellow musician, Grant McLennan. In 1980 Lindy Morrison joined the group on drums and backing vocals and by 1981 Forster and Morrison were also lovers. In 1988, \"Streets of Your Town\", co-written by McLennan and Forster, became the band's biggest chart hit in both Australia and the United Kingdom. The follow-up single, \"Was There Anything I Could Do?\", was a No. 16 hit on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart in the United States. In December 1989, after recording six albums, The Go-Betweens disbanded. Forster and Morrison had separated as a couple earlier and Forster began his solo music career from 1990.\nForster's solo studio albums are Danger in the Past (1990), Calling from a Country Phone (1993), I Had a New York Girlfriend (1995), Warm Nights (1996), The Evangelist (2008) and Songs To Play (2015). Allmusic's Stewart Mason described him, as having \"a knack for crafty pop songs along with the brooding ballads he contributed to the Go-Betweens' albums, and his solo career has shown a healthy mix of the two styles\". From 2000 to 2006, The Go-Betweens reformed and issued three more studio albums before Grant McLennan died on 6 May 2006, of a heart attack. In May 2001 \"Cattle and Cane\", from The Go-Between's Before Hollywood (1983) was selected by Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) as one of the Top 30 Australian songs of all time. In 2008, 16 Lovers Lane (1988) was highlighted on Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) TV's The Great Australian Albums series as a classic example of 1980s rock music. Forster began writing as a music critic in 2005 for national current affairs magazine The Monthly and a columnist for its sister publication The Saturday Paper in 2014. For his debut solo album, Danger in the Past, Forster was backed on vocals by Karin B\u00e4umler of German pop group, Baby You Know. In the early 1990s Forster and B\u00e4umler were married, the couple have two children.\nA portrait of Forster, by the artist known as what, won the 2019 Doug Moran National Portrait Prize.", "Q3125750": "Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll is a 1987 documentary film directed by Taylor Hackford that chronicles two 1986 concerts celebrating rock and roll musician Chuck Berry's 60th birthday. A soundtrack album was released in October 1987 on the MCA label. The name comes from a line in Berry's song \"School Days\".\nThe two concerts were held on October 16, 1986, at the Fox Theatre in St. Louis; among the artists performing with Berry were Linda Ronstadt, Keith Richards, Eric Clapton, Robert Cray, Etta James, Johnnie Johnson, Steve Jordan, Bobby Keys, Julian Lennon, and Joey Spampinato from NRBQ. Along with concert footage, the film also features scenes from the rehearsals for the shows, interviews with Berry and members of his family, and \"talking-head\"-type appearances from a number of musicians, including Bo Diddley, The Everly Brothers, John Lennon (archival footage), Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison, Little Richard and Bruce Springsteen.", "Q4296585": "Oleg Lvovich Mitvol (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c) (born October 3, 1966) is a Russian environmentalist, businessman and government official, known for his activity in the chair of environmental protection department.", "Q91673": "Gaspar Schott (German: Kaspar (or Caspar) Schott; Latin: Gaspar Schottus; 5 February 1608 \u2013 22 May 1666) was a German Jesuit and scientist, specializing in the fields of physics, mathematics and natural philosophy, and known for his industry.", "Q326845": "Robbie McIntosh (born 25 October 1957) is an English guitarist. McIntosh is well known as a session guitarist and member of The Pretenders from 1982 until 1987. In 1988 he began doing session guitar work for Paul McCartney joining his band full-time until early 1994. He continues to do session work and has performed both as a sideman with John Mayer and with his own band, The Robbie McIntosh Band.", "Q1353": "Delhi (English: ; Hindi: [\u02c8d\u026al\u02d0i] Dill\u012b; Punjabi: [\u02c8d\u026al\u02d0i] Dill\u012b; Urdu: [\u02c8de\u0266li] D\u011bhl\u012b), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India.\nIt is bordered by the state of Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east. The NCT covers an area of 1,484 square kilometres (573 sq mi). According to the 2011 census, Delhi's city proper population was over 11 million, the second-highest in India after Mumbai, while the whole NCT's population was about 16.8 million. Delhi's urban area is now considered to extend beyond the NCT boundaries, and include the neighbouring satellite cities of Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon and Noida in an area now called National Capital Region (NCR) and had an estimated 2016 population of over 26 million people, making it the world's second-largest urban area according to the United Nations.\nAs of 2016, recent estimates of the metro economy of its urban area have ranked Delhi either the most or second-most productive metro area of India. Delhi is the second-wealthiest city in India after Mumbai and is home to 18 billionaires and 23,000 millionaires. Delhi ranks fifth among the Indian states and union territories in human development index. Delhi has the second-highest GDP per capita in India. It is one of the world's most polluted cities by particulate matter concentration.\nDelhi has been continuously inhabited since the 6th century BCE. Through most of its history, Delhi has served as a capital of various kingdoms and empires, most notably the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire. The city has been captured, ransacked and rebuilt several times, particularly during the medieval period, and modern Delhi is a cluster of a number of cities spread across the metropolitan region.\nA union territory, the political administration of the NCT of Delhi today more closely resembles that of a state of India, with its own legislature, high court and an executive council of ministers headed by a Chief Minister. New Delhi is jointly administered by the federal government of India and the local government of Delhi, and serves as the capital of the nation as well as the NCT of Delhi. Delhi hosted the first and ninth Asian Games in 1951 and 1982, respectively, 1983 NAM Summit, 2010 Men's Hockey World Cup, 2010 Commonwealth Games, 2012 BRICS Summit and was one of the major host cities of the 2011 Cricket World Cup.\nDelhi is also the centre of the National Capital Region (NCR), which is a unique 'interstate regional planning' area created by the National Capital Region Planning Board Act of 1985.", "Q1435": "Zagreb (; Croatian pronunciation: [z\u01ce\u02d0\u0261reb] (listen)) is the capital and the largest city of Croatia. It is located in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately 122 m (400 ft) above sea level. \nThe estimated population of the city in 2018 was 820,678. The population of the Zagreb urban agglomeration is 1,086,528, approximately a quarter of the total population of Croatia.\nZagreb is a city with a rich history dating from the Roman times to the present day. The oldest settlement located in the vicinity of the city was the Roman Andautonia, in today's \u0160\u010ditarjevo. The name \"Zagreb\" is recorded in 1134, in reference to the foundation of the settlement at Kaptol in 1094. Zagreb became a free royal town in 1242. In 1851 Zagreb had its first mayor, Janko Kamauf.\nZagreb has special status as a Croatian administrative division and is a consolidated city-county (but separated from Zagreb County), and is administratively subdivided into 17 city districts. Most of them are at a low elevation along the river Sava valley, whereas northern and northeastern city districts, such as Podsljeme and Sesvete districts are situated in the foothills of the Medvednica mountain, making the city's geographical image rather diverse. The city extends over 30 kilometres (19 miles) east-west and around 20 kilometres (12 miles) north-south.The transport connections, concentration of industry, scientific, and research institutions and industrial tradition underlie its leading economic position in Croatia. Zagreb is the seat of the central government, administrative bodies, and almost all government ministries. Almost all of the largest Croatian companies, media, and scientific institutions have their headquarters in the city. Zagreb is the most important transport hub in Croatia where Central Europe, the Mediterranean and Southeast Europe meet, making the Zagreb area the centre of the road, rail and air networks of Croatia. It is a city known for its diverse economy, high quality of living, museums, sporting, and entertainment events. Its main branches of economy are high-tech industries and the service sector.", "Q3173270": "Jean-Louis Masson (born 25 March 1947) is a French politician. An Independent, he has served as a Senator for Moselle since 2001. He previously served as a member of the National Assembly for Moselle from 1978 to 1997. Masson is a former member of the Rally for the Republic (RPR) and Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).", "Q213632": "Johann Joseph \"Hans\" Most (February 5, 1846 in Augsburg, Bavaria \u2013 March 17, 1906 in Cincinnati, Ohio) was a German-American anarchist politician, newspaper editor, and orator. He is credited with popularizing the concept of \"propaganda of the deed\". His grandson was Boston Celtics radio play-by-play man Johnny Most.", "Q274871": "\u00c9mile-Georges Drigny (3 July 1883 \u2013 9 July 1957) was a French sports official and water polo player, who competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics. He started his career as a sports administrator around 1911, when he became head of the swimming section of the Union des Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s Fran\u00e7aises de Sports Athl\u00e9tiques. He was responsible for the swimming events at the 1924 Summer Olympics, where he also worked as a journalist for L'Intransigeant. In 1926 he co-founded the Ligue Europ\u00e9enne de Natation and was its president in 1938\u20131948. He was also a member of the International Olympic Committee and president of FINA in 1928\u20131932 and of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Fran\u00e7aise de Natation in 1942\u20131949.", "Q169898": "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. (Italian: [skude\u02c8ri\u02d0a fer\u02c8ra\u02d0ri]) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing. The team is also nicknamed \"The Prancing Horse\", with reference to their logo. It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team, having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season.\nThe team was founded by Enzo Ferrari, initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo, though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars. Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship, 24 Hours of Le Mans, 24 Hours of Spa, 24 Hours of Daytona, 12 Hours of Sebring, Bathurst 12 Hour, races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio, the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana.\nAs a constructor, Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors' Championships, the last of which was won in 2008. Alberto Ascari, Juan Manuel Fangio, Mike Hawthorn, Phil Hill, John Surtees, Niki Lauda, Jody Scheckter, Michael Schumacher and Kimi R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen have won a record 15 Drivers' Championships for the team. Since R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers' titles with Fernando Alonso.\nMichael Schumacher is the team's most successful driver. Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team. His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004, and the team won consecutive constructors' title from 1999 until the end of 2004; this was the team's most successful period.\nCurrently, Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers.\nThe team is also known for its passionate support base known as the tifosi. The Italian Grand Prix at Monza is regarded as the team's home race.", "Q8377": "The oboe ( OH-boh) is a type of double reed woodwind instrument. Oboes are usually made of wood, but may also be made of synthetic materials, such as plastic, resin or hybrid composites. The most common oboe plays in the treble or soprano range. A soprano oboe measures roughly 65 cm (25 1\u20442 in) long, with metal keys, a conical bore and a flared bell. Sound is produced by blowing into the reed at a sufficient air pressure, causing it to vibrate with the air column. The distinctive tone is versatile and has been described as \"bright\". When the word oboe is used alone, it is generally taken to mean the treble instrument rather than other instruments of the family, such as the bass oboe, the cor anglais (English horn), or oboe d'amore.\nA musician who plays the oboe is called an oboist.\nToday, the oboe is commonly used as orchestral or solo instrument in symphony orchestras, concert bands and chamber ensembles. The oboe is especially used in classical music, chamber music, film music, some genres of folk music, and is occasionally heard in jazz, rock, pop, and popular music. The oboe is widely recognized as the instrument that tunes the orchestra with its distinctive 'A'.", "Q107199": "Evelyn Herlitzius (born 27 April 1963) is a German opera singer, a dramatic soprano. She is known for performing major roles in works by Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss, such as Br\u00fcnnhilde, Isolde and Elektra, at the Semperoper, the Bayreuth Festival and leading European opera houses.", "Q253216": "Richard Alan Berg (born August 16, 1959) is an American politician who served as the U.S. Representative for North Dakota's at-large congressional district from 2011 to 2013. Berg served on the House Ways and Means Committee. He is a member of the Republican Party. Before his election to Congress in 2010, he served in the state House of Representatives, with stints as Majority Leader and Speaker. On May 16, 2011, Berg announced his run for the United States Senate seat being vacated by Democratic incumbent Kent Conrad but lost narrowly to Heidi Heitkamp on November 6, 2012.", "Q98657": "Werner Heinrich Janssen (born 7 August 1944 in M\u00f6nchengladbach) is a Dutch/German philosopher, Germanist, author and poet under the pseudonym Heinz Hof.", "Q833442": "J\u00f2zsef Ny\u00edr\u0151 (July 18, 1889 \u2013 October 16, 1953) was a Hungarian writer of popular short stories and novels; a politician associated with fascism who was accused of war crimes; and briefly a Catholic priest in Miluani.", "Q179453": "Across the Bridge is a 1957 British thriller film directed by Ken Annakin and starring Rod Steiger and Bernard Lee. It is based on the short story \"Across the Bridge\" by Graham Greene.\n\n", "Q7044": "Oberursel (Taunus) is a city in Germany and part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. It is located to the north west of Frankfurt, in the Hochtaunuskreis county. It is the 14th smallest town in Hesse. In 2011, the town hosted the 51st Hessentag state festival.", "Q331487": "Victor Larock ( 6 October 1904 \u2013 24 April 1977) was a Belgian socialist politician. At the time of the liberation from Nazi German occupation he was editor of Le Peuple. By 1954 he was Minister of Foreign Trade. In 1957 he became Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs until 1958 when he became the first President of the Council of the European Communities.\nHe was born in Ans and died in Madrid", "Q120526": "Princess Anna Elizabeth Reuss of K\u00f6stritz (9 January 1837 in Dresden \u2013 2 February 1907 in Wernigerode), was a princess of Reuss by birth and by marriage countess, and after 1890 princess, of Stolberg-Wernigerode.", "Q297532": "Roberto Bola\u00f1o \u00c1valos (Spanish: [ro\u02c8\u03b2e\u027eto \u03b2o\u02c8la\u0272o \u02c8a\u03b2alos] (listen); 28 April 1953 \u2013 15 July 2003) was a Chilean novelist, short-story writer, poet and essayist. In 1999, Bola\u00f1o won the R\u00f3mulo Gallegos Prize for his novel Los detectives salvajes (The Savage Detectives), and in 2008 he was posthumously awarded the National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction for his novel 2666, which was described by board member Marcela Valdes as a \"work so rich and dazzling that it will surely draw readers and scholars for ages\". The New York Times described him as \"the most significant Latin American literary voice of his generation\".", "Q172506": "Jonathan Williams (26 October 1942 \u2013 31 August 2014) was a British racing driver.\nBorn in Cairo, Egypt, he participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 22 October 1967. He finished 8th, scoring no World Championship points.\nHis racing career began in the early 1960s, competing in saloons and various junior formulae, graduating to Formula Three in 1963 and in 1966 drove for the de Sanctis team. During this time he worked with the young Sir Frank Williams, Sheridan Thynne and Piers Courage.In 1967, he was signed by Scuderia Ferrari, initially competing in sports car racing. That year, Ferrari lost several drivers, including team leader Lorenzo Bandini who died from injuries sustained at that year's Monaco Grand Prix and Williams' sports car co-driver, G\u00fcnter Klass, killed during practice at the Mugello Circuit in July. Later that year, Williams was offered a drive in F1, but after only one Grand Prix he was dropped by Ferrari and a subsequent F1 project with Abarth did not come to fruition. However, he did compete in some Formula Two events in 1968 winning the Rhine Cup race in a car entered by Sir Frank Williams, before driving the works Serenissima. In 1969 he helped develop the De Tomaso F1 car for Frank Williams as well as continuing to compete in F2.He continued also to be active in sports car racing. At the 1970 24 Hours of Le Mans, he co-drove the Porsche 908/02 which carried cameras for the Steve McQueen movie Le Mans.Williams retired from racing in 1972 and became a pilot, (initially for Alessandro de Tomaso) an occupation he claimed to dislike and subsequently a writer and photographer.Williams died on 31 August 2014, aged 71. He appeared in the documentary film Steve McQueen: The Man & Le Mans, released nine months after his death and which closes with a clip of Williams driving in the 1971 film Le Mans.", "Q1931736": "Adam Andrzej Ostrowski (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8adam \u0254s\u02c8tr\u0254fsk\u02b2i], born 15 May 1980 in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland), better known as O.S.T.R., is a Polish rapper, musician, audio engineer and record producer, famous for his freestyle rap skills, ambitious lyrics and unique beats. He graduated from the Academy of Music in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, violin class. He is one of the few Polish rappers who have received professional musical education. \nHe has collaborated with American rappers such as Evidence, El Da Sensei, Craig G, Keith Murray, Jeru The Damaja, Lil' Dap, Sadat X and Canadian producer Marco Polo.\nHe has also collaborated with many Polish artists, including jazz musicians Micha\u0142 Urbaniak, Hades, SOFA, Fokus, DJ Deszczu Strugi, DonGURALesko, Vienio i Pelson, Fu, Pezet, Sistars and Slums Attack. He is a member of bands such as Tabasko, Skill Mega, Killing Skills, Beat Brothers and musical project POE. He is also a former member of Ob\u00f3z TA and LWC. In 2013, he shared the position of art director of M\u0119skie Granie festival with alternative rock vocalist Kasia Nosowska.", "Q114683": "Martin Kosleck (born Nicolaie Yoshkin, March 24, 1904 \u2013 January 15, 1994) was a German film actor. Like many other German actors, he fled when the Nazis came to power. Inspired by his deep hatred of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis, Kosleck made a career in Hollywood playing villainous Nazis in films. While in the United States, he appeared in more than 80 films and television shows in a 46-year span. His icy demeanor and piercing stare on screen made him a popular choice to play Nazi villains. He portrayed Joseph Goebbels, Adolf Hitler's propaganda minister, five times, and also appeared as an SS trooper and a concentration camp officer.", "Q2631643": "Southampton, (pron. south-AM-pton) officially the Town of Southampton, is a town in southeastern Suffolk County, New York, partly on the South Fork of Long Island. As of the 2010 United States Census, the town had a population of 56,790. Southampton is included in the stretch of shoreline prominently known as The Hamptons.\nStony Brook University's Southampton campus is here.", "Q462290": "Im Hinteren Eis is a mountain in the \u00d6tztal Alps on the border between Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy.", "Q95373": "Christine Haderthauer (n\u00e9e Cuntze, born 11 November 1962) is a German politician and member of the CSU party. She hold several ministerial positions in Bavaria.\nHaderthauer was born in Neum\u00fcnster.\nIn October 2007 she was elected Secretary General of the CSU. She was succeeded by Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg in October 2008, as she became Bavarian State Minister for Labor, Social Affairs, Families and Women.\nIn 2013 she was appointed head of the Bayerische Staatskanzlei (Bavarian State Chancellery) as well as State Minister for Federal Affairs and Special Tasks.\nShe had to resign from office on 1 September 2014 because of the model car scandal in Bavaria.Haderthauer was a MP of the Landtag, the parliament of Bavaria, from 2003 until 2018.She is married and has one daughter and one son.", "Q41644": "The Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO), officially the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, commonly known as the Warsaw Pact, was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the London and Paris Conferences of 1954, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe.The Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO; there was no direct military confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis and in proxy wars. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. Its largest military engagement was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968 (with the participation of all Pact nations except Albania, Romania, and East Germany), which, in part, resulted in Albania withdrawing from the pact less than a month later. The Pact began to unravel in its entirety with the spread of the Revolutions of 1989 through the Eastern Bloc, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its electoral success in June 1989.\nEast Germany withdrew from the Pact following the reunification of Germany in 1990. On 25 February 1991, at a meeting in Hungary, the Pact was declared at an end by the defense and foreign ministers of the six remaining member states. The USSR itself was dissolved in December 1991, although most of the former Soviet republics formed the Collective Security Treaty Organization shortly thereafter. Throughout the following 20 years, the seven Warsaw Pact countries outside the USSR each joined NATO (East Germany through its reunification with West Germany; and the Czech Republic and Slovakia as separate countries), as did the Baltic states which had been part of the Soviet Union.", "Q2272599": "Sergei Gordeev (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432) is a Russian billionaire property developer and president of the Russian real estate company, PIK Group. His net worth is estimated to be $1.94 billion, according to Forbes.", "Q28690421": "Sacra Music (stylized as SACRA MUSIC) is a Japanese record label subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. The record label was established on April 1, 2017, specializing in anison music.\n'SACRA MUSIC' is a newly established sub-label from Sony Music Group, unveiling future plans to focus on artistes who are actively pursuing music career not just within the domestic market, but also their oversea activities. As of the first press release in April 2017, a total of 15 groups of artistes, who already belonged to the company's various subsidiary label, will move under this newly established sub-label.\nWith various anime tie-up and multiple hit releases already under their belt, these artistes have proved to become some of the biggest crowd-pullers for both domestic and overseas events and concerts. Partnering with Aniplex, another subsidiary of Sony Music Group, 'SACRA MUSIC' aims to strengthen their overseas market strategy and global expansion, endeavoring on activities such as participation in events, live concerts, and distribution musical works.\nMany of the label's artistes have participated the \"SME MUSIC THEATER 2017\" live concert event held at Saitama Super Arena on May 27 and 28.", "Q1875606": "An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, or spacecraft. Aerospace is a high technology industry.\nThe aircraft industry is the industry supporting aviation by building aircraft and manufacturing aircraft parts for their maintenance. This includes aircraft and parts used for civil aviation and military aviation. Most production is done pursuant to type certificates and Defense Standards issued by a government body. This term has been largely subsumed by the more encompassing term: \"aerospace industry\".\n\n", "Q61594": "Meret (or M\u00e9ret) Elisabeth Oppenheim (6 October 1913 \u2013 15 November 1985) was a German-born Swiss Surrealist artist and photographer. Besides creating art objects, Oppenheim appeared as a model for photographs by Man Ray, most notably a series of nude shots of her interacting with a printing press.", "Q49218": "Rochester () is a city in the U.S. state of New York, and the third most populous after New York City and Buffalo. It is the seat of Monroe County, with an estimated population of 206,290 in 2018. The Rochester metropolitan area has a population of just over one million people. Rochester is a global city with sufficiency status.Rochester was one of the United States' first boom towns, initially due to the fertile Genesee River Valley, which gave rise to numerous flour mills, and then as a manufacturing hub. Several of the region's universities (notably the University of Rochester and Rochester Institute of Technology) have renowned research programs. The area is the birthplace of Kodak, Paychex, Western Union, French's, Bausch & Lomb, Gleason, Rag\u00fa and Xerox, which conduct extensive research and manufacturing of industrial and consumer products. Until 2010, the Rochester metropolitan area was the second-largest regional economy in New York State, after the New York City metropolitan area. Rochester's gross metropolitan product has since ranked just below Buffalo's, while exceeding it in per capita income in 2015.In 2007, the 25th edition of the Places Rated Almanac rated Rochester the \"most livable city\" among 379 U.S. metropolitan areas. In 2010 Forbes rated Rochester the third-best place to raise a family in the United States. In 2012 Kiplinger rated Rochester the fifth-best city in the United States for families, citing low cost of living, top public schools, and a low unemployment rate.", "Q190583": "Mikkeli (Swedish: S:t Michel) is a town and municipality in Finland. It is located in what used to be the province of Eastern Finland and is part of the Etel\u00e4-Savo region. The municipality has a population of 53,781 (31 January 2019) (around 34,000 in the town itself) and covers an area of 3,229.57 square kilometres (1,246.94 sq mi) of which 424.7 km2 (164.0 sq mi) is water. The population density is 31.64 inhabitants per square kilometre (81.9/sq mi) .\nMikkeli was the site for the headquarters of the Finnish armed forces during World War II. In recognition of this, the town's coat of arms incorporates a pair of crossed Marshal's batons, and the town was awarded the Cross of Liberty, 4th class, to be displayed with the coat of arms.", "Q173618": "Geoffrey Willis (born 23 December 1959) is the Technology Director of the Mercedes Formula One team. He was also the Technical Director of Red Bull Racing team from 2007 to 2009 and Technical Director of Hispania Racing from 2010 to 2011. \nIn 1987 after a degree at Cambridge University in engineering, he was approached to join the design team of the Peter de Savary's British America's Cup challenge and he spent the next three years designing and developing hull and keel designs for the team in preparation for the competition in San Diego. Prior to working for Honda, Willis was employed as chief aerodynamicist by the Williams Formula One team and also worked as a consultant at the Leyton House team in the early 1990s. While at Leyton House, Willis met Adrian Newey and it was through this association that he joined Williams, after Newey was recruited by the British team. When Newey moved to rival McLaren in 1997, Willis was promoted, alongside Gavin Fisher, to take his role.\nWillis joined the British American Racing outfit in 2001, which was later bought by Honda in 2005. His status within the team became unclear as of 22 June 2006, following the appointment of Shuhei Nakamoto as Senior Technical Director. Willis had been told to stop going to races in order to focus on aerodynamics, which appeared to conflict with the appointment of Mariano Alperin-Bruvera to head the aerodynamics group using Honda's new full-size wind tunnel. Willis eventually left the team later in the year. On 17 July 2007, Willis was hired by Red Bull Racing as the team's Technical Director, once again under Newey. He left Red Bull in July 2009 for unknown reasons.Willis joined the new Hispania Racing F1 Team in March 2010. In September 2011 he left HRT, reportedly because the team had not assured him of necessary financial backing for designing the car for 2012 Formula One season and joined Mercedes as Technology director on 17 October 2011.\n\n", "Q16708": "The Wissigstock is a mountain of the Urner Alps. It lies on the border between the Swiss cantons of Obwalden and Uri. The closest locality is Engelberg on the west side.", "Q48112": "Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan (Armenian: \u0540\u0578\u057e\u0570\u0561\u0576\u0576\u0565\u057d \u0554\u0580\u056b\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0583\u0578\u0580\u056b \u0532\u0561\u0572\u0580\u0561\u0574\u0575\u0561\u0576; Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0301\u043d), also known as Hovhannes Khachaturi Baghramyan (Armenian: \u0540\u0578\u057e\u0570\u0561\u0576\u0576\u0565\u057d \u053d\u0561\u0579\u0561\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0580\u056b (alternatively, \u0554\u0580\u056b\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0583\u0578\u0580\u056b, Kristapori) \u0532\u0561\u0572\u0580\u0561\u0574\u0575\u0561\u0576; Russian: \u041e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0301\u0441 \u0425\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0301\u043d) (2 December [O.S. 20 November] 1897 \u2013 21 September 1982), was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union of Armenian origin. During World War II, Bagramyan was the second non-Slavic military officer, after Latvian Max Reyter, to become a commander of a Front. He was among several Armenians in the Soviet Army who held the highest proportion of high-ranking officers in the Soviet military during the war.Bagramyan's experience in military planning as a chief of staff allowed him to distinguish himself as a capable commander in the early stages of the Soviet counter-offensives against Nazi Germany. He was given his first command of a unit in 1942, and in November 1943 received his most prestigious command as the commander of the 1st Baltic Front. As commander of the Baltic Front, he participated in the offensives which pushed German forces out of the Baltic republics.\nHe did not immediately join the Communist Party after the consolidation of the October Revolution, becoming a member only in 1941, a move atypical for a Soviet military officer. After the war, he served as a deputy of the Supreme Soviets of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic and Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic and was a regular attendee of the Party Congresses. In 1952, he became a candidate for entry into the Central Committee and, in 1961, was inducted as a full member. For his contributions during the war, he was widely regarded as a national hero in the Soviet Union, and continues to hold such esteemed status among Armenians.", "Q387047": "Malibu () (Spanish: Malib\u00fa) is a beach city in western Los Angeles County, California, situated about 30 miles (48 km) west of Downtown Los Angeles. It is known for its Mediterranean climate and its 21-mile (34 km) strip of the Malibu coast, incorporated in 1991 into the City of Malibu. The area is known for being the home of Hollywood movie stars, people in the entertainment industry, and other affluent residents; yet some residents are middle class. Most Malibu residents live within a few hundred yards of Pacific Coast Highway (State Route 1), which traverses the city, with some residents living up to a mile away from the beach up narrow canyons. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 12,645.\nNicknamed \"the 'Bu\" by surfers and locals, beaches along the Malibu coast include Surfrider Beach, Zuma Beach, Malibu Beach, Topanga Beach, Point Dume Beach, County Line, and Dan Blocker Beach. State parks and beaches on the Malibu coast include Malibu Creek State Park, Leo Carrillo State Beach and Park, Point Mugu State Park, and Robert H. Meyer Memorial State Beach, with individual beaches: El Pescador, La Piedra and El Matador. The many parks within the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area lie along the ridges above the city along with local parks that include Malibu Bluffs Park (formerly Malibu Bluffs State Park), Trancas Canyon Park, Las Flores Creek Park, and Legacy Park.Signs around the city proclaim \"21 miles of scenic beauty\", referring to the incorporated city limits. The city updated the signs in 2017 from the historical 27-mile (43 km) length of the Malibu coast spanning from Tuna Canyon on the southeast to Point Mugu in Ventura County on the northwest. For many residents of the unincorporated canyon areas, Malibu has the closest commercial centers and they are included in the Malibu ZIP Codes. The city is bounded by Topanga on the east, the Santa Monica Mountains (Agoura Hills, Calabasas, and Woodland Hills) to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the south, and Solromar in Ventura County to the west.", "Q237948": "Ichiy\u014d Higuchi (\u6a0b\u53e3 \u4e00\u8449, Higuchi Ichiy\u014d, May 2, 1872 \u2013 November 23, 1896) was the pen name of Japanese author Natsu Higuchi (\u6a0b\u53e3 \u5948\u6d25, Higuchi Natsu), also known as Natsuko Higuchi (\u6a0b\u53e3 \u590f\u5b50, Higuchi Natsuko). Specializing in short stories, she was one of the first important writers to appear in the Meiji period (1868\u20131912) and Japan's first prominent woman writer of modern times. She wrote relatively little as a result of living a brief life\u2014she died at 24\u2014but her stories had a large impact on Japanese literature and she is still appreciated by the Japanese public today.Higuchi was unique among her peers in that her writing was based on Japanese rather than Western models. Her work is highly regarded for her use of Classical Japanese language, and for that reason people are reluctant to update or translate it into contemporary Japanese, leaving it difficult for the majority of Japanese people to read.\n\n", "Q324920": "Daniel Gabriel Alessandro Saucedo Grzechowski (born 25 February 1986), known professionally as Danny Saucedo or simply Danny, is a Swedish singer and songwriter. He rose to fame as one of the finalists in Idol 2006, the Swedish version of Idol, where he reached the top six.Saucedo has released five studio albums and more than fifteen singles as a solo artist. His debut album Heart Beats and its three singles \"Tokyo\", \"Play It for the Girls\" and \"Radio\" topped the Swedish charts. He was simultaneously a member of Swedish pop trio E.M.D. with Erik Segerstedt and Mattias Andr\u00e9asson, which was active between 2007 and 2010. The trio released three albums and eleven singles (of which one album and four singles topped the Swedish charts). The band won a Grammis for Song of The Year 2008 with \"Jennie Let Me Love You\". He has competed in Melodifestivalen three times, every time as both artist and songwriter. In 2009 E.M.D. finished third with \"Baby Goodbye\" and as a solo artist he finished second in 2011 with \"In the Club\", aswell as in 2012, that time with \"Amazing\".\n\n", "Q1264867": "Dulwich College is a 2\u201319 independent, day and boarding school for boys in Dulwich, London, England. It was founded in 1619 by Edward Alleyn, an Elizabethan actor, with the original purpose of educating 12 poor scholars as the foundation of 'God's Gift'.\nAdmission by examination is mainly into years 3, 7, 9, and 12 (i.e. ages 7, 11, 13, and 16 years old) to the Junior, Lower, Middle and Upper Schools into which the college is divided. It is a member of both the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the Eton Group.", "Q47221": "Taxi Driver is a 1976 American psychological drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, written by Paul Schrader, and starring Robert De Niro, Jodie Foster, Cybill Shepherd, Harvey Keitel, Peter Boyle, Leonard Harris and Albert Brooks. Set in a decaying and morally bankrupt New York City following the Vietnam War, the film tells the story of Travis Bickle (De Niro), a lonely taxi driver who descends into insanity as he plots to assassinate both the presidential candidate (Harris) for whom the woman he is infatuated with (Shepherd) works, and the pimp (Keitel) of an underage prostitute (Foster) he befriends.\nA critical and commercial success upon release and nominated for four Academy Awards, including for Best Picture, Best Actor (for De Niro) and Best Supporting Actress (for Foster), Taxi Driver won the Palme d'Or at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival. The film generated controversy at the time of its release for its depiction of violence and casting of a 12-year-old Foster in the role of a child prostitute.\nIn 2012, Sight & Sound named it the 31st-best film ever in its decennial critics' poll, ranked with The Godfather Part II, and the fifth-greatest film of all time on its directors' poll. The film was considered \"culturally, historically or aesthetically\" significant by the US Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in 1994.", "Q162701": "Henri Jacques Daniel Paul Fran\u00e7ois (16 May 1920 \u2013 25 November 2003), known as Jacques Fran\u00e7ois was a French actor. During a sixty-year career (1942\u20132002) he appeared in more than 120 films and over 30 stage productions. In 1948 he went to Hollywood with a view to playing the lead in Letter from an Unknown Woman (Max Oph\u00fcls, 1948) but the part went to Louis Jourdan. After appearing alongside Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers as the playwright Jacques Pierre Barredout in The Barkleys of Broadway (Charles Walters, 1949) he returned to France.Fran\u00e7ois regularly dubbed Gregory Peck into French.\nDuring World War II, he served as a captain in the French First Army under General de Lattre.", "Q268294": "Alexandra Elizabeth Paul (born July 29, 1963) is an American actress, activist, health coach, and former model. Paul began her career modeling in New York before landing her first major role in John Carpenter's horror film Christine (1983). This was followed with prominent roles in American Flyers (1985), 8 Million Ways to Die (1986), and Dragnet (1987).\nShe is best known for her role as Lt. Stephanie Holden in the television series Baywatch from 1992\u201397. She has performed in a total of over 100 movies and television programs.", "Q228868": "Piper Lisa Perabo ( (listen); born October 31, 1976) is an American film and television actress. Since her breakthrough role in Coyote Ugly (2000), her films have included Lost and Delirious (2001), Cheaper by the Dozen (2003), Cheaper by the Dozen 2 (2005), The Prestige (2006), Beverly Hills Chihuahua (2008), and Looper (2012). She portrayed CIA Agent Annie Walker, a lead role on the USA Network spy drama series Covert Affairs (2010\u201314), for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress.", "Q3286043": "An erotic photography model male or female who poses nude for erotic or sensual photos, which are intended to be displayed in exhibitions, art galleries, books, magazines, calendars, as well in other formats, most usually internet, DVDs and magazines. Erotic models pose in a manner which can be described as explicit, versus artistic or implied styles, where everything in not shown. The person can pose nude or with lingerie, swimsuits, etc., but in short order, erotic models are totally nude. To work as an erotic model, no qualifications are required outside of being of a legal age with, as some say, an open mind. The theme of erotic shoots can take many paths, it's up to the model and photographer to know what the shoot content will entail, which really makes knowing one's limitations essential.", "Q5647": "Sovetsk (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0441\u043a), before 1946 known as Tilsit in German (Lithuanian: Til\u017e\u0117; Polish: Tyl\u017ca) in East Prussia, is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the south bank of the Neman River.", "Q237790": "Lisa Irene Chappell (born 18 October 1968) is an actress and musician from Auckland, New Zealand. She is best known for playing Claire McLeod on the Nine Network drama series McLeod's Daughters.\n\n", "Q95367": "Kurt Hager (24 July 1912 \u2013 18 September 1998) was an East German statesman, a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany who was known as the chief ideologist of the party and decided many cultural and educational policies in East Germany.\n\n", "Q61580": "Hans Staden (c. 1525 \u2013 c. 1576) was a German soldier and explorer who voyaged to South America in the middle of the sixteenth century, where he was captured by the Tupinamb\u00e1 people of Brazil. He managed to survive and return safe to Europe. In his widely read True History: An Account of Cannibal Captivity in Brazil, he claimed that the native people that held him captive practiced cannibalism.", "Q381436": "Spyridon-Filiskos Samaras (also Spyros, Spiro Sam\u00e1ra; Greek: \u03a3\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a3\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2) (29 November [O.S. 17 November] 1861 \u2013 7 April [O.S. 25 March] 1917) was a Greek composer particularly admired for his operas who was part of the generation of composers that heralded the works of Giacomo Puccini. His compositions were praised worldwide during his lifetime and he is arguably the most important composer of the Ionian School (music). He composed also the Olympic Hymn on lyrics of Kostis Palamas.", "Q664881": "Franklin & Marshall College (F&M) is a private residential liberal arts college in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It employs 175 full-time faculty members and has a student body of approximately 2,400 full-time students.", "Q925546": "Gaetano \"Tommy\" Reina (September 27, 1889 \u2013 February 26, 1930) was a Sicilian-born American gangster and founder of the Lucchese crime family in New York City.", "Q499988": "Zs\u00f3fia Balla (born 15 January 1949) is a Romanian-born Hungarian poet and essayist. She is considered to be one of the most prominent female poets in Hungary.", "Q867007": "Dave Aud\u00e9 (born June 13, 1969) is an American DJ, producer and remixer. He operates his own label Audacious Records, and is known for having more number ones than any other producer on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart. He has done production for artists such as U2, will.i.am, t.A.T.u., Katy Perry, Lady Gaga, Barenaked Ladies, Faith No More, Rihanna, Yoko Ono, Alexis Jordan, Madonna, CeCe Peniston, Jennifer Lopez, Celine Dion, LeAnn Rimes, Selena Gomez, Olivia Holt and Beyonc\u00e9. As an artist, Aud\u00e9 has scored 14 hit singles so far on the Billboard charts, and an unprecedented 132 #1 remixes on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart. In 2016, Aud\u00e9 won a Grammy Award in the Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical category for his remix of \"Uptown Funk\" by Mark Ronson and Bruno Mars. Dave Aud\u00e9's songs are represented by Downtown Music Publishing. Aud\u00e9 is managed by record executive, producer, songwriter and publisher Martin Kierszenbaum.", "Q60846": "Gertrud Emma Scholtz-Klink, n\u00e9e Treusch, later known as Maria Stuckebrock (9 February 1902 \u2013 24 March 1999), was a Nazi Party member and leader of the National Socialist Women's League (NS-Frauenschaft) in Nazi Germany.", "Q444525": "Timerider: The Adventure of Lyle Swann is a 1982 action film directed by William Dear and starring Fred Ward as Lyle Swann, a cross country dirt bike racer. The film was scored, produced and co-written (with director William Dear) by Michael Nesmith.", "Q1421": "Titus ( TY-t\u0259s; Latin: Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus; 30 December 39 AD \u2013 13 September 81 AD) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus succeeded his father Vespasian upon his death, thus becoming the first Roman emperor to come to the throne after his own biological father.\nBefore becoming emperor, Titus gained renown as a military commander, serving under his father in Judea during the First Jewish\u2013Roman War. The campaign came to a brief halt with the death of emperor Nero in 68, launching Vespasian's bid for the imperial power during the Year of the Four Emperors. When Vespasian was declared Emperor on 1 July 69, Titus was left in charge of ending the Jewish rebellion. In 70, he besieged and captured Jerusalem, and destroyed the city and the Second Temple. For this achievement Titus was awarded a triumph; the Arch of Titus commemorates his victory to this day.\nDuring his father's rule, Titus gained notoriety in Rome serving as prefect of the Praetorian Guard, and for carrying on a controversial relationship with the Jewish queen Berenice. Despite concerns over his character, Titus ruled to great acclaim following the death of Vespasian in 79, and was considered a good emperor by Suetonius and other contemporary historians.\nAs emperor, Titus is best known for completing the Colosseum and for his generosity in relieving the suffering caused by two disasters, the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 and a fire in Rome in 80. After barely two years in office, Titus died of a fever on 13 September 81. He was deified by the Roman Senate and succeeded by his younger brother Domitian.", "Q4890726": "Binyamin \"Beny\" Alagem (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05df \u05d0\u05dc\u05d2'\u05dd; born 1953) is an Israeli-American entrepreneur, business executive, hotelier and philanthropist. He is the founder and former Chief Executive of Packard Bell Computers. He is the owner of the Beverly Hilton Hotel and the Waldorf Astoria in Beverly Hills, California.", "Q13670": "Syracuse is a historic city on the island of Sicily, the capital of the Italian province of Syracuse. The city is notable for its rich Greek and Roman history, culture, amphitheatres, architecture, and as the birthplace of the preeminent mathematician and engineer Archimedes. This 2,700-year-old city played a key role in ancient times, when it was one of the major powers of the Mediterranean world. Syracuse is located in the southeast corner of the island of Sicily, next to the Gulf of Syracuse beside the Ionian Sea.\nThe city was founded by Ancient Greek Corinthians and Teneans and became a very powerful city-state. Syracuse was allied with Sparta and Corinth and exerted influence over the entirety of Magna Graecia, of which it was the most important city. Described by Cicero as \"the greatest Greek city and the most beautiful of them all\", it equaled Athens in size during the fifth century BC. It later became part of the Roman Republic and the Byzantine Empire. Under Emperor Constans II, it served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire (663\u2013669). After this Palermo overtook it in importance, as the capital of the Kingdom of Sicily. Eventually the kingdom would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.\nIn the modern day, the city is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site along with the Necropolis of Pantalica. In the central area, the city itself has a population of around 125,000 people. Syracuse is mentioned in the Bible in the Acts of the Apostles book at 28:12 as Paul stayed there. The patron saint of the city is Saint Lucy; she was born in Syracuse and her feast day, Saint Lucy's Day, is celebrated on 13 December.", "Q160116": "Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105 \u2013 30 August 1181), born Roland (Italian: Rolando), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 September 1159 until his death. A native of Bologna, Alexander became pope after a contested election, but had to spend much of his pontificate outside Rome while several rivals, supported by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, claimed the papacy. Alexander rejected Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos' offer to end the East\u2013West Schism, sanctioned the Northern Crusades, and held the Third Council of the Lateran.", "Q438820": "Ariane Labed (born 8 May 1984) is a Greek-French actress and film director. She is best known for her feature film debut in Attenberg, for which she won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress, and appearing in Helen Edmundson's film Mary Magdalene in 2018.", "Q289718": "Shinobu Terajima (\u5bfa\u5cf6 \u3057\u306e\u3076, Terajima Shinobu, born December 28, 1972) is a Japanese actress. Her feature films include Akame 48 Waterfalls (2003) and Vibrator (2003). For her role in Caterpillar (2010), Terajima won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 60th Berlin Film Festival while her performance in Oh Lucy! (2017) earned her an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Actress.", "Q63397": "Gustav J\u00e4ger (June 23, 1832 \u2013 May 13, 1917) was a German naturalist and hygienist.\n\n", "Q89996": "Gerard Tichy (also G\u00e9rard Tichy, Gerhard Tichi and Gerardo Tichy) was a Spanish actor of German descent, who appeared in numerous movies, including several international productions. He was born in Wei\u00dfenfels, Germany, on March 11, 1920, and died in Madrid, Spain, on April 11, 1992.\nTichy participated in World War II and held the rank of a lieutenant when it ended. He was put in a French POW camp but soon managed to escape to Spain. There he started his film career in the war epic Balarrasa (1951) and quickly became a prominent character actor in Spanish cinema, ultimately appearing in 99 films over the course of his career.\nA capable if not fluent English speaker, Tichy also appeared in several international productions that were filmed in Spain, most notably King of Kings (1961) as Joseph, El Cid (1961) playing King Ramirez, and Doctor Zhivago (1965) as Liberius, a Red partisan commander.\nHe appeared in numerous spaghetti Westerns, most notably Sergio Corbucci's Compa\u00f1eros (1971).", "Q98643": "Ottilie Davida Assing (11 February 1819 \u2013 21 August 1884) was a 19th-century German feminist, freethinker, and abolitionist.", "Q243011": "Jennie Spencer-Churchill (n\u00e9e Jerome; 9 January 1854 \u2013 29 June 1921), known as Lady Randolph Churchill, was an American-born British socialite, the wife of Lord Randolph Churchill and the mother of British prime minister Sir Winston Churchill.", "Q2778243": "Avraham Yosef Shapira (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4\u05dd \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05e9\u05e4\u05d9\u05e8\u05d0\u200e; born 2 March 1921, died 26 June 2000) was an Israeli politician and businessman.", "Q120532": "Roger Schawinski (born 11 June 1945 in Zurich) is a Swiss journalist and entrepreneur as well as the creator of Swiss consumer watchdog program Kassensturz (English 'cash check').", "Q347505": "Ovidiu Ioan Silaghi (Romanian pronunciation: [o\u02c8vidju i\u02c8o\u032fan \u02c8sila\u0261i]; born December 12, 1962) is a Romanian politician. A member of the National Liberal Party (PNL), he became Minister for Small and Medium Enterprises in the second C\u0103lin Popescu-T\u0103riceanu cabinet (April 5, 2007).", "Q73184": "Wilhelm Hasenclever (19 April 1837, in Arnsberg, Westphalia Province \u2013 3 July 1889, in Berlin-Sch\u00f6neberg) was a German politician. He was an originally a tanner by trade but later he became a journalist and author. However, he is most well known for his political work in the predecessors of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).\nIn 1869 and 1870, Hasenclever was a representative for the General German Workers' Association (Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein, ADAV) in the Reichstag (parliament) of the North German Confederation. From 1871 on, he was the last president of the ADAV, until it merged with the Social Democratic Workers' Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, SDAP) to form the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands, SAP). From 1874 to 1888 he was again a social democrat representative in the Reichstag of the German Empire that had been formed in 1871: Originally for the ADAV, later for the SAP. Hasenclever was member of the party board there as well.\nTogether with Wilhelm Liebknecht, he also founded the party paper Vorw\u00e4rts, the official newspaper of the SPD until the 1990s.", "Q4351970": "Erik Gustav Elfving (25 June 1908 \u2013 25 March 1984) was a Finnish mathematician and statistician. In statistics, he wrote pioneering papers about the optimal design of experiments. He made other notable contributions to the mathematical sciences and to Finnish universities.\n\n", "Q297240": "Kenneth Anderson (born March 6, 1976) is an American professional wrestler, professional wrestling trainer, and ring announcer, who is currently signed to National Wrestling Alliance as a wrestler and with Top Rank Boxing as their announcer. Anderson is known for his tenure with WWE from 2005\u20132009 under the ring name Mr. Kennedy. With WWE, Anderson is a former one-time WWE United States Champion and won the 2007 Money in the Bank contract at WrestleMania 23.\nIn 2010, Anderson signed with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (now Impact Wrestling), where he competed under the ring name Mr. Anderson and is a two-time World Heavyweight Champion. He departed TNA in 2016 and opened a wrestling school called The Academy in Minneapolis, Minnesota later that year, along with Shawn Daivari, Molly Holly, Ariya Daivari, and Arik Cannon.\nBefore working for WWE, Anderson wrestled for numerous promotions, winning various singles and tag team championships. He has also worked occasionally as an actor and starred as Master Chief Petty Officer Carter Holt in the WWE Studios production Behind Enemy Lines: Colombia in 2009.", "Q24962": "Graham Arthur Chapman (8 January 1941 \u2013 4 October 1989) was an English comedian, writer, actor, author, and one of the six members of the British surreal comedy group Monty Python. He played authority figures such as the Colonel and the lead role in two Python films, Holy Grail (1975) and Life of Brian (1979).\nChapman was born in Leicester and was raised in Melton Mowbray. He enjoyed science, acting and comedy and, after graduating from Emmanuel College, Cambridge and St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, he turned down a career as a doctor to be a comedian instead. Chapman eventually established a writing partnership with John Cleese, which reached its critical peak with Monty Python during the 1970s. He subsequently left Britain for Los Angeles, where he attempted to be a success on American television, speaking on the college circuit and producing the pirate film Yellowbeard (1983), before returning to Britain in the early 1980s.\nIn his personal life, Chapman was openly homosexual and a strong supporter of gay rights, and was in a long-term partnership with David Sherlock. He was an alcoholic during his time at Cambridge and the Python years, but quit drinking shortly before working on Life of Brian. He later became an enthusiast and patron of the Dangerous Sports Club. Chapman died of tonsil cancer on 4 October 1989, on the eve of Monty Python's 20th anniversary. His life and legacy were commemorated at a private memorial service at St Bartholomew's with the other five Pythons.", "Q88336": "Alfred \"Ali\" Neumann (15 December 1909 \u2013 8 January 2001) was a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, and for a short time, he was East German Minister of Materials Management.", "Q3567958": "Wiebe E. Bijker (born 19 March 1951, Delft) is a Dutch professor Emeritus, former chair of the Department of Social Science and Technology at Maastricht University in the Netherlands.\n\n", "Q2975356": "Riverside Records was an American jazz record company and label. Founded by Orrin Keepnews and Bill Grauer under his firm Bill Grauer Productions in 1953, the label played an important role in the jazz record industry for a decade. Riverside headquarters were located in New York City, at 553 West 51st Street.", "Q451128": "Arnold M\u00e6rsk Mc-Kinney M\u00f8ller (13 July 1913 \u2013 16 April 2012) was a Danish shipping magnate. He was a longtime figure at A.P. Moller\u2013Maersk Group, which was founded by his father.", "Q298173": "Emmanuelle Sophie Anne Chriqui ( SHREE-kee; born December 10, 1975) is a Canadian film and television actress and model. She is known for her performance on HBO's Entourage as Sloan McQuewick, as well as Dalia, the love interest of Adam Sandler's character in You Don't Mess with the Zohan. She is also known for her role on The Mentalist as Lorelei Martins. In May 2010, she topped the AskMen.com Most Desirable Women of 2010 list.", "Q3305438": "Dorothy Walker \"Doro\" Bush Koch (born August 18, 1959) is an American author and philanthropist. She is the sixth child and only living daughter of the late 41st President of the United States, George H. W. Bush, and former First Lady Barbara Bush.\n\n", "Q552353": "Robert Julian Bentley (born February 3, 1943) is an American former politician and physician who served as the 53rd Governor of Alabama from 2011 until 2017 upon his resignation after a political scandal and subsequent arrest. A member of the Republican Party, Bentley was elected governor in 2010 and re-elected in 2014. A sex scandal involving a political aide forced Bentley to resign from office on April 10, 2017.\nBorn in Columbiana, Alabama, Bentley earned his M.D. from the University of Alabama School of Medicine in 1968 and then \nserved in the United States Air Force as a medical officer at Pope Air Force Base in Fayetteville, North Carolina from 1969 to 1975 until leaving the service as a captain. He entered private medical practice and opened a series of dermatology clinics throughout the southern United States.\nBentley was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives in 2002 and served a total of two four-year terms from 2003 to 2010. In 2010, Bentley announced his intentions to run for the Republican nomination for governor. Bentley won in a seven-candidate primary and faced Democrat Ron Sparks, the outgoing Alabama Commissioner of Agriculture, in the general election. Bentley received just over 58% of the statewide vote and won by a margin of over 230,000 votes\u2014the largest margin recorded for a Republican in an open-seat race in Alabama history. In 2014, Bentley won re-election, winning the largest percentage of the vote that any Republican gubernatorial candidate had received in modern Alabama history, 63.6%.\nOn April 5, 2016, Republican State Representative Ed Henry filed an impeachment resolution against Bentley in the State Legislature, in connection with allegations that Bentley engaged in an extramarital affair with a female political adviser. Bentley has admitted to making inappropriate remarks toward the woman, but denied having a physical affair. On July 7, 2016, the House Judiciary Committee named a special counsel to lead the investigation into the impeachment charges against the governor. On April 5, 2017, the Ethics Commission found probable cause that Bentley violated both ethics and campaign finance laws.Bentley resigned as Governor of Alabama on April 10, 2017, effective immediately, after pleading guilty to two misdemeanor charges related to campaign finance law. Bentley allegedly used state resources to facilitate and conceal an extramarital affair with a former staffer. As part of the plea deal, he accepted a lifetime ban from ever seeking public office in Alabama again. He was succeeded by Lieutenant Governor Kay Ivey.", "Q2069101": "The Gustav Adolf Grammar School is a secondary school in Tallinn, Estonia. Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus established it as the Reval Gymnasium in 1631. It is one of the oldest extant secondary schools in Europe.", "Q193920": "Rueil-Malmaison (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0281\u0265\u025bj malm\u025bz\u0254\u0303]) is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department of France. It is located 12.6 kilometres (8 miles) from the centre of Paris. It is one of the wealthiest suburbs of Paris.", "Q110397": "True Lies is a 1994 American action comedy film written, directed and co-produced by James Cameron and executive produced by Lawrence Kasanoff. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jamie Lee Curtis, Tom Arnold, Art Malik, Tia Carrere, Bill Paxton, Eliza Dushku, Grant Heslov and Charlton Heston. It is based on the 1991 French comedy film La Totale! The film follows U.S. government agent Harry Tasker (Schwarzenegger), who struggles to balance his life as a spy with his familial duties.\nTrue Lies was the first Lightstorm Entertainment project to be distributed under Cameron's multimillion-dollar production deal with 20th Century Fox, as well as the first major production for the visual effects company Digital Domain, which was co-founded by Cameron.\nFor her performance, Curtis won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and the Saturn Award for Best Actress, while Cameron won the Saturn Award for Best Director. The film ultimately grossed $378 million worldwide at the box-office and was also nominated at the Academy Awards and BAFTAs in the Best Visual Effect category, and also for seven Saturn Awards.", "Q129516": "The International Academy of Sciences San Marino (Esperanto: Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj San Marino, AIS) is a scientific association. It was established in 1983 and had its first convention, SUS 1, around New Year 1984 in the City of San Marino. After the Sammarinese skeleton law on higher education had been passed the academy was officially founded on 13 September 1985, in the presence of the Captains-Regent. Its name uses the constructed international auxiliary language Esperanto.", "Q13116": "The Benelux Union (Dutch: Benelux Unie; French: Union Benelux; Luxembourgish: Benelux-Unioun), also known as simply Benelux, is a politico-economic union and formal international intergovernmental cooperation of three neighboring states in western Europe: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. The name Benelux is a portmanteau formed from joining the first few letters of each country's name \u2013 Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg \u2013 and was first used to name the customs agreement that initiated the union (signed in 1944). It is now used more generally to refer to the geographic, economic, and cultural grouping of the three countries.\nCooperation among the governments of Belgium, the Netherlands, and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has been a firmly established practice since the introduction of a customs union in 1944. The initial form of economic cooperation expanded steadily over time, leading in 1958 to the signing of the treaty establishing the Benelux Economic Union. Initially, the purpose of cooperation among the three partners was to put an end to customs barriers at their borders and ensure free movement of persons, goods and services among the three countries. It was the first example of international economic integration in Europe since the Second World War. The three countries therefore foreshadowed and provided the model for future European integration, such as the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic Community (EEC), and the European Community/European Union (EC/EU). The three partners continue to play this pioneering role. They also launched the Schengen process, which came into operation in 1985, promoting it from the outset. Benelux cooperation has been constantly adapted and now goes much further than mere economic cooperation, extending to new and topical policy areas connected with security, sustainable development, and the economy. Benelux models its cooperation on that of the European Union and is able to take up and pursue original ideas. The Benelux countries also work together in the so-called Pentalateral Energy Forum, a regional cooperation group formed of five members - the Benelux states, France, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Formed ten years ago, the ministers for energy from the various countries represent a total of 200 million residents and 40% of the European electricity network. As of November 2019, the Benelux Union has a population of more than 29.55 million.\nOn 17 June 2008, Belgium (in all its component parts), the Netherlands, and Luxembourg signed a new Benelux treaty in The Hague. The purpose of the Benelux Union is to deepen and expand cooperation among the three countries so that it can continue its role as precursor within the European Union and strengthen and improve cross-border cooperation at every level. Through better cooperation between the countries the Benelux strives to promote the prosperity and welfare of the citizens of Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg.\nBenelux works together on the basis of an annual plan embedded in a four-year joint work programme.Benelux seeks region-to-region cooperation, be it with France and Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia) or beyond with the Baltic States, the Nordic Council, the Visegrad countries, or even further. In 2018 a renewed political declaration was adopted between Benelux and North Rhine-Westphalia to give cooperation a further impetus.\nSome examples of recent results of Benelux cooperation: automatic level recognition of all diplomas and degrees within the Benelux, a new Benelux Treaty on Police cooperation, common road inspections and a Benelux pilot with digital consignment notes. The Benelux is also committed to working together on adaptation to climate change. On 5 June 2018 the Benelux (Treaty) celebrated its 60 years of existence. In 2018, a Benelux Youth Parliament was created.\nThe main institutions of the Union are the Committee of Ministers, the Council of the Union, the General Secretariat, the InterParliamentary Consultative Council and the Benelux Court of Justice while the Benelux Office for Intellectual Property cover the same territory but are not part of the Benelux Union.\nThe Benelux General Secretariat is located in Brussels. It is the central platform of the Benelux Union cooperation. It handles the secretariat of the Committee of Ministers, the Council of Benelux Union and the various committees and working parties. The General Secretariat provides day-to-day support for the Benelux cooperation on the substantive, procedural, diplomatic and logistical levels. The Secretary-General is Alain de Muyser. The Deputy Secretary-General NL is Frank Weekers and the Deputy Secretary-General BE is Rudolf Huygelen.\nThe presidency of the Benelux is held in turn by the three countries for a period of one year. The Netherlands hold the presidency in 2020.\n\nIn addition to cooperation based on a Treaty, there is also political cooperation in the Benelux context, including summits of the Benelux government leaders. In 2019 a Benelux summit was held in Luxembourg.", "Q131359": "Professional wrestling, often shortened to pro wrestling or simply wrestling, is a form of performance art and entertainment that combines athletics with theatrical performance. It takes the form of events, held by touring companies, that mimic a title-match combat sport. The unique form of sport portrayed is fundamentally based on and evolved from classical and \"catch\" wrestling, with modern additions of striking attacks, strength-based holds and throws and acrobatic maneuvers. Much of these derive from the influence of various international martial arts. An additional aspect of combat with improvised weaponry is sometimes included.The matches have predetermined outcomes to heighten entertainment value and all combative maneuvers are executed with the full cooperation of those involved and carefully performed in specific manners intended to lessen the chance of actual injury. These facts were once kept highly secret but are now publicly acknowledged by both performers and promotions. To promote and sustain the willing suspension of disbelief by maintaining an aura of verisimilitude, the performing company avoids discussing the true nature of the performance in official media. Fan communications by individual wrestlers and promotions through outside media (i.e., interviews) often directly \"acknowledge\" the dramatic and \"fixed\" nature of the spectacle.", "Q23731823": "La R\u00e9publique En Marche ! (frequently abbreviated REM, LRM or LREM, officially LaREM; possible translation: \"The Republic on the move!\"), sometimes called En Marche ! (French: [\u0251\u0303 ma\u0281\u0283]; English translation: \"Forward!\", \"Onward!\", \"Working!\" or \"On The Move!\"), is a centrist and liberal political party in France. It was founded on 6 April 2016 by Emmanuel Macron, a former Minister of Economy, Industry and Digital Affairs, who was later elected President of the French Republic in the 2017 election with 66.1% of the second-round vote. Macron considers La R\u00e9publique En Marche! to be a progressive movement, uniting both the left and the right.The party ran candidates in the 2017 legislative elections including dissidents from the Socialist Party (PS), The Republicans (LR), as well as minor parties. It won an absolute majority in the National Assembly, securing 308 seats. Its ally, the Democratic Movement (MoDem), secured 42. La R\u00e9publique En Marche! is a pro-European movement that accepts Globalization and wants to modernize and moralize French politics. The movement generally accepts members from other parties at a higher rate than other political parties in France and does not impose any fees on members who want to join. The party is seen as the most pro-European party in France, becoming part of the Renew Europe group in 2019.", "Q139705": "Zachi Noy (Hebrew: \u05e6\u05d7\u05d9 \u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u200e; born 8 July 1953) is an Israeli actor.", "Q1871312": "Louis Milton Teicher (pronounce as TIE-cher; August 24, 1924, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania \u2013 August 3, 2008, Highlands, North Carolina) was an American piano player, half of the piano duo Ferrante & Teicher.\n\"No one was more blessed than I to have Lou Teicher as my best friend since we met at the Juilliard School of Music at the ages of 9 and 6. Although we were two individuals, at the twin pianos our brains worked as one. Lou was certainly one of the world's most gifted pianists. I will miss him dearly and as pianists it's ironic how we both ended up living on keys,\" his longtime partner Arthur Ferrante, who lived on Longboat Key, Florida, said in a statement at the time of Teicher's death. Ferrante subsequently died on September 19, 2009.\nTeicher had been a resident of Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, in the 1970s.Teicher died of heart failure at his summer home. He was 83. He is survived by his widow, Betty, as well as his former wife, Elaine Sutin, a professional violinist with both the New York Pops and the Sutton Ensemble, and three children, Richard, Susan and David, and four grandchildren.", "Q65080": "Eschenz is a municipality in Frauenfeld District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q213140": "Japan Airlines Co., Ltd. (JAL) (\u65e5\u672c\u822a\u7a7a\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e, Nihon K\u014dk\u016b Kabushiki-gaisha), also known as Nikk\u014d (\u65e5\u822a), is an international airline, Japan's flag carrier, headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Its main hubs are Tokyo's Narita International Airport and Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport), as well as Osaka's Kansai International Airport and Osaka International Airport. JAL group companies include Japan Airlines, J-Air, JAL Express, Japan Air Commuter, Japan Transocean Air, ZIPAIR Tokyo and Ryukyu Air Commuter for domestic feeder services, and JAL Cargo for cargo and mail services.\nJAL group operations include scheduled and unscheduled international and domestic passenger and cargo services to 220 destinations in 35 countries worldwide, including codeshares. The group has a fleet of 279 aircraft. In the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009, the airline group carried over 52 million passengers and over 1.1 million tons of cargo and mail. Japan Airlines, J-Air, JAL Express, and Japan Transocean Air are members of the Oneworld airline alliance network.\nJAL was established in 1951 and became the national airline of Japan in 1953. After over three decades of service and expansion, the airline was fully privatised in 1987. In 2002, the airline merged with Japan Air System, Japan's third-largest airline and became the sixth-largest airline in the world by passengers carried. Japan Airlines is currently an official sponsor of Japan Football Association, Japan national football team, Shimizu S-Pulse, and Consadole Sapporo. All Nippon Airways, the largest airline in Japan, is JAL's main competitor.", "Q554722": "Valeriu Gagiu (1 May 1938 in Chi\u015fin\u0103u \u2013 21 December 2010 in Chi\u015fin\u0103u) was a Soviet and Moldovan film director, producer and screenwriter.", "Q38393": "Asha Bhosle (born 8 September 1933) is an Indian playback singer and an entrepreneur. She is best known for her playback singing in Hindi cinema, although she has a wider repertoire. Bhosle's career started in 1943 and has spanned over six decades. She has done playback singing for over a thousand Bollywood movies. In addition, she has recorded several private albums and participated in numerous solo concerts in India and abroad. In 2006, Asha Bhosle stated that she had sung over 12,000 songs, a figure repeated by several other sources. In 2011, she was officially acknowledged by the Guinness Book of World Records as the most recorded artist in music history. The Government of India honoured her with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2000 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2008. Bhosle is the sister of playback singer Lata Mangeshkar.\nRenowned for her soprano voice range and often credited for her versatility, Bhosle's work includes film music, pop, ghazals, bhajans, traditional Indian classical music, folk songs, qawwalis, and Rabindra Sangeets. Apart from Hindi, she has sung in over 20 Indian and foreign languages. In 2013, she made her debut as an actress in the film Mai, and received critical acclaim for her performance.", "Q241160": "Tracie Nicole Thoms (born August 19, 1975) is an American television, film, and stage actress and singer. She is known for her roles in Rent, Cold Case, The Devil Wears Prada, Death Proof, and the short-lived Fox television series Wonderfalls.", "Q303421": "The Kingdom of Galicia (Galician: Reino de Galicia, or Galiza; Spanish: Reino de Galicia; Portuguese: Reino da Galiza; Latin: Galliciense Regnum) was a political entity located in southwestern Europe, which at its territorial zenith occupied the entire northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded by the Suebic king Hermeric in 409. Its capital was established in Braga, It was the first kingdom which adopted Catholicism officially. In 449 it minted its own currency. It was part of the Kingdom of the Spanish Visigothic monarchs from 585 to 711. In the 8th century Galicia became a part of the newly founded Christian kingdoms of the north-west of the peninsula, Asturias and Le\u00f3n, while occasionally achieving independence under the authority of its own kings. Compostela became capital of Galicia in the 11th century, while the independence of Portugal (1128) determined its southern boundary. The accession of Castilian King Ferdinand III to the Leonese kingdom in 1230 brought Galicia under the control of the Crown of Castile, the kingdom of Galicia becoming a political division within the larger realm.\nGalicia resisted central control, supporting a series of alternative claimants, including John of Le\u00f3n, Galicia and Seville (1296), Ferdinand I of Portugal (1369) and John of Gaunt (1386), and was not brought firmly into submission until the Catholic Monarchs imposed the Santa Hermandad in Galicia. The kingdom of Galicia was then administered within the Crown of Castile (1490\u20131715) and later the Crown of Spain (1715\u20131833) by an Audiencia Real directed by a Governor which hold also the office of Captain General and President. The representative assembly of the Kingdom was then the Junta or Cortes of the Kingdom of Galicia, which briefly declared itself sovereign when Galicia alone remained free of Napoleonic occupation (1808\u20131809). The kingdom and its Junta were dissolved by Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Regent of Spain, in 1834.", "Q391143": "CZ12 (Chinese: \u300a\u5341\u4e8c\u751f\u8096\u300b; pinyin: Sh\u00ed-\u00e8r Sh\u0113ngxi\u0101o), also known as Chinese Zodiac, is a 2012 Hong Kong action-comedy film written and directed by Jackie Chan, who also starred in the film. The film is the third movie of a franchise that began with Armour of God (1986) and its sequel, Armour of God II: Operation Condor (1991).Released in December 2012, the film went on to gross over US$145 million at the Chinese box office. Chan also earned two Guinness World Records with the film for \"Most Stunts Performed by a Living Actor\" and \"Most Credits in One Movie\".The film won Best Action Choreography at the 32nd Hong Kong Film Awards.\n\n", "Q2308235": "The Brazil national under-20 football team, also known as Brazil Sub-20 or Sele\u00e7\u00e3o Sub-20, represents Brazil in association football at this age level and is controlled by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF).\nThe team has won the South American Youth Championship a record eleven times and is the second most successful nation in the FIFA U-20 World Cup, having won the competition five times. It also plays in unofficial under-19 and under-21 tournaments, such as the Toulon Tournament, of which Brazil is an eight-time winner.\nNotable players that came through the ranks and went on to play for the senior team include Ronaldinho, Kak\u00e1, Rivaldo, Rom\u00e1rio, Marcos, Roberto Carlos, C\u00e9sar Sampaio, Cl\u00e1udio Taffarel, Bebeto, Dida, Neymar, Dani Alves, Maicon, Adriano, J\u00falio Baptista, Luis\u00e3o, Alex, Giovane \u00c9lber, Leonardo, M\u00fcller, Silas, Marcelo, David Luiz, Willian, J\u00f4 and Lucas Moura, among others.\n\n", "Q40228": "Claire Antonia Forlani (born 17 December 1971) is an English actress. She became known in the mid-1990s for her leading role in the film Mallrats, and in the Jean-Michel Basquiat 1996 biopic Basquiat. In 1994, she played Katrina in Police Academy 7: Mission to Moscow. In 1998, she achieved wide recognition for starring in the fantasy romance film Meet Joe Black (1998). Other notable films include Boys and Girls (2000), Antitrust (2001), The Medallion (2003) and In the Name of the King (2007). Forlani also has appeared in numerous TV films and series, including her starring role on the historical-fantasy-drama series Camelot, and her recurring roles on the CBS action series CSI: NY, NCIS: Los Angeles, and Hawaii Five-0. She has recently played the role of Meredith Newman in the 2019 film Five Feet Apart.", "Q1160461": "Daniel Charles Drucker (June 3, 1918 \u2013 September 1, 2001) was American civil and mechanical engineer and academic, who served as president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in the year 1973\u201374. and as president of the American Academy of Mechanics in 1981\u201382.Drucker was known as an authority on the theory of plasticity in the field of applied mechanics. His key contributions to the field of plasticity include the concept of material stability described by the Drucker stability postulates and the Drucker\u2013Prager yield criterion.", "Q77484": "Hanns Johst (8 July 1890 \u2013 23 November 1978) was a German poet and playwright, directly aligned with Nazi philosophy, as a member of the officially approved writers\u2019 organisations in the Third Reich. The statement \u201cWhen I hear the word culture, I reach for my gun\u201d, variously misattributed to Himmler, Goebbels and G\u00f6ring, was in fact a corrupted version of a line in his play Schlageter.", "Q57754": "Oqil Oqilov (Tajik: \u041e\u049b\u0438\u043b \u0492\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0443\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041e\u049b\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432, Oqil Ghaybulloyevich Oqilov; Russian: \u041e\u043a\u0438\u043b \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041e\u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432; born 2 February 1944) is a Tajikistani politician. He was the Prime Minister of Tajikistan from 20 December 1999 to 23 November 2013. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan.", "Q69862": "Juan Carlos Mundin-Schaffter, known as Carlos Thompson, (7 June 1923 \u2013 10 October 1990) was an Argentine actor.", "Q48674": "Colonel Ren\u00e9 Paul Fonck (27 March 1894 \u2013 18 June 1953) was a French aviator who ended the First World War as the top Entente fighter ace and, when all succeeding aerial conflicts of the 20th and 21st centuries are also considered, Fonck still holds the title of \"all-time Allied Ace of Aces\". He received confirmation for 75 victories (72 solo and three shared) out of 142 claims. Taking into account his probable claims, Fonck's final tally could conceivably be nearer 100 or above. He was made an Officer of the Legion of Honor in 1918 and later a Commander of the Legion of Honor after the war, and raised again to the dignity of Grand Officer.", "Q315243": "Pierre Richard (born Pierre-Richard Maurice Charles L\u00e9opold Defays; 16 August 1934) is a French actor, film director and screenwriter, best known for the roles of a clumsy daydreamer in comedy films. Richard is considered by many, such as Louis de Fun\u00e8s and G\u00e9rard Depardieu, to be one of the greatest and most talented French comedians in the last 50 years. He is also a film director and occasional singer.", "Q335193": "Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe (15 July 1865 \u2013 14 August 1922) was a British newspaper and publishing magnate. As owner of the Daily Mail and the Daily Mirror, he was an early developer of popular journalism, and he exercised vast influence over British popular opinion during the Edwardian era. Lord Beaverbrook said he was \"the greatest figure who ever strode down Fleet Street.\" About the beginning of the 20th century there were increasing attempts to develop popular journalism intended for the working class and tending to emphasize sensational topics. Harmsworth was the main innovator. \nNorthcliffe had a powerful role during the First World War, especially by criticizing the government regarding the Shell Crisis of 1915. He directed a mission to the new ally, the United States, during 1917, and was director of enemy propaganda during 1918.\nHis Amalgamated Press employed writers such as Arthur Mee and John Hammerton, and its subsidiary, the Educational Book Company, published The Harmsworth Self-Educator, The Children's Encyclop\u00e6dia, and Harmsworth's Universal Encyclopaedia.\n\n", "Q93070": "Shmuel Winograd (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05d5\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d2\u05e8\u05d3\u200e; born January 4, 1936) is an Israeli-American computer scientist, noted for his contributions to computational complexity. He has proved several major results regarding the computational aspects of arithmetic; his contributions include the Coppersmith\u2013Winograd algorithm and an algorithm for the Fast Fourier Transform.Winograd studied Electrical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, receiving his B.S. and M.S. degrees in 1959. He received his Ph.D. from the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University in 1968. He joined the research staff at IBM in 1961, eventually becoming director of the Mathematical Sciences Department there from 1970\u20131974 and 1980\u20131994.", "Q47547": "Antonio Di Pietro (Italian pronunciation: [an\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0njo di \u02c8pj\u025b\u02d0tro]; born 2 October 1950) is an Italian politician and lawyer. He was a minister in government of Romano Prodi, a Senator, and a Member of the European Parliament. He was a prosecutor in the Mani Pulite corruption trials in the early 1990s.", "Q1565936": "Ragnar Kjartansson ([\u02c8raknar c\u02b0ar\u0325tans\u0254n]) (born 1976) is a contemporary Icelandic artist who engages multiple artistic mediums throughout his performative practice. His video installations, performances, drawings, and paintings incorporate the history of film, music, visual culture, and literature. His works are connected through their pathos and humor, with each deeply influenced by the comedy and tragedy of classical theater. Kjartansson's use of durational, repetitive performance to harness collective emotion is a hallmark of his practice and recurs throughout his work.\nKjartansson has had solo exhibitions at the Reykjav\u00edk Art Museum, the Barbican Centre, London, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington D.C., the Mus\u00e9e d'art contemporain de Montr\u00e9al, the Palais de Tokyo, Paris, the New Museum, New York, the Migros Museum of Contemporary Art, Zurich, the Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, Turin, the Frankfurter Kunstverein, and the BAWAG Contemporary, Vienna. Kjartansson participated in The Encyclopedic Palace at the Venice Biennale in 2013, Manifesta 10 in St. Petersburg, Russia in 2014, and he represented Iceland at the 2009 Venice Biennale. He is the recipient of the 2015 Artes Mundi's Derek Williams Trust Purchase Award, and Performa's 2011 Malcolm McLaren Award.", "Q489225": "Rainbow (Hangul: \ub808\uc778\ubcf4\uc6b0) is a South Korean girl group formed in 2009 by DSP Media. The group is composed of seven members: Woori, Seungah, Jaekyung, Noeul, Yoonhye, Jisook and Hyunyoung. They released their debut mini album Gossip Girl on November 12, 2009. On October 27, 2016, DSP Media announced that Rainbow would disband after seven years because their contracts expired. In November 2019, the group was re-formed for their tenth anniversary.", "Q231487": "Monica Denise Arnold (formerly Brown; born October 24, 1980) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. Born and raised in College Park, Georgia, she began performing as a child and became part of a traveling gospel choir at the age of ten. Monica rose to prominence after she signed with Rowdy Records in 1993 and released her debut album Miss Thang two years later. She followed it with a series of successful albums, including the global bestseller The Boy Is Mine (1998) as well as the number-one albums After the Storm (2003), The Makings of Me (2006) and Still Standing (2010). Throughout her career, several of Monica's singles became number-one hits on the pop and R&B record charts, including \"Before You Walk Out of My Life\", \"Don't Take It Personal (Just One of Dem Days)\", \"Like This and Like That\", \"The Boy Is Mine\", \"The First Night\", \"Angel of Mine\", \"So Gone\", and \"Everything to Me\".\nMonicas's popularity was further enhanced by her roles in television series such as Living Single (1996), Felicity (2001), and American Dreams (2003), and films including Boys and Girls (2000), Love Song (2000), and Pastor Brown (2009). A contributor to the NBC talent show The Voice, in 2008, she appeared in the Peachtree TV reality show special Monica: The Single which tracked the recording of the song \"Still Standing\" along with her personal life and resulted in her own highly rated BET series Monica: Still Standing, containing a similar concept. Separated from rapper Rodney \"Rocko\" Hill, father of her first two children, Monica married professional basketball player Shannon Brown in November 2010. Their first child together, a daughter, was born in 2013.Monica has sold States over 30 million records worldwide. She is recognized as one of the most successful urban R&B female vocalists to emerge in the mid to late 1990s. According to Billboard, she is the youngest recording act to ever have two consecutive chart-topping hits on the Billboard Top R&B Singles chart, as well as the first artist to top the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart over the span of three consecutive decades (1990s, 2000s, and 2010s). In 2010, Billboard listed Monica at number 24 on its list of the Top 50 R&B and Hip Hop Artists of the past 25 years. A four-time nominee, she won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for \"The Boy Is Mine\" at the 41st awards ceremony and has been the recipient of one Billboard Music Award, one BET Award, and two BMI Pop Awards.", "Q657": "Chad ( (listen); Arabic: \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u200e Tsh\u0101d, Arabic pronunciation: [t\u0283a\u02d0d]; French: Tchad, pronounced [t\u0283a(d)]), officially known as the Republic of Chad (Arabic: \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u200e Jumh\u016briyyat Tsh\u0101d; French: R\u00e9publique du Tchad), is a landlocked country in north-central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon to the south-west, Nigeria to the southwest (at Lake Chad), and Niger to the west.\nChad has several regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second-largest in Africa. The capital N'Djamena is the largest city. Chad's official languages are Arabic and French. Chad is home to over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups. The most popular religion of Chad is Islam (at 55%), followed by Christianity (at 40%). \nBeginning in the 7th millennium BC, human populations moved into the Chadian basin in great numbers. By the end of the 1st millennium AD, a series of states and empires had risen and fallen in Chad's Sahelian strip, each focused on controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes that passed through the region. \nFrance conquered the territory by 1920 and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa. In 1960, Chad obtained independence under the leadership of Fran\u00e7ois Tombalbaye. Resentment towards his policies in the Muslim north culminated in the eruption of a long-lasting civil war in 1965. In 1979 the rebels conquered the capital and put an end to the South's hegemony. But, the rebel commanders fought amongst themselves until Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9 defeated his rivals. Chadian\u2013Libyan conflict erupted in 1978 by the Libyan invasion which stopped in 1987 with a French military intervention (Operation \u00c9pervier). Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9 was overthrown in turn in 1990 by his general Idriss D\u00e9by. With French support, a modernization of the Chadian armed forces was initiated in 1991. Since 2003 the Darfur crisis in Sudan has spilt over the border and destabilised the nation. Poor already, the nation and people struggled to accommodate the hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees who live in and around camps in eastern Chad.\nWhile many political parties are active, power lies firmly in the hands of President D\u00e9by and his political party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Chad remains plagued by political violence and recurrent attempted coups d'\u00e9tat. Chad is one of the poorest and most corrupt countries in the world; most inhabitants live in poverty as subsistence herders and farmers. Since 2003 crude oil has become the country's primary source of export earnings, superseding the traditional cotton industry.", "Q727953": "Michael Dammann Eisner (born March 7, 1942) is an American businessman. Eisner was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of The Walt Disney Company from September 1984 to September 2005. Prior to Disney, Eisner was President and CEO of rival film studio Paramount Pictures from 1976 to 1984, and had brief stints at the major television networks NBC, CBS, and ABC.", "Q60113": "Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin von B\u00fclow (German: [f\u0254n \u02c8by\u02d0lo]; 3 May 1849 \u2013 28 October 1929), created F\u00fcrst von B\u00fclow in 1905, was a German statesman who served as Foreign Minister for three years and then as Chancellor of the German Empire from 1900 to 1909. A fervent advocate of Weltpolitik, B\u00fclow single-mindedly devoted his chancellorship to securing his country's recognition as a world power. Despite presiding over sustained economic growth and technological advancement within Germany, his government\u2019s belligerent foreign policy did much to antagonize the international community and significantly contributed to the outbreak of the First World War.", "Q239030": "Yma Sumac (; September 13, 1922 (birth certificate) or September 10, 1922 (later documents) \u2013 November 1, 2008), was a Peruvian coloratura soprano. In the 1950s, she was one of the most famous exponents of exotica music.\nSumac became an international success based on her extreme vocal range. She had five octaves according to some reports, but other reports (and recordings) document four-and-a-half at the peak of her singing career. (A typical trained singer has a range of about three octaves.)In one live recording of \"Chuncho\", she sings a range of over four and a half octaves, from B2 to G\u266f7. She was able to sing notes in the low baritone register as well as notes above the range of an ordinary soprano and notes in the whistle register. Both low and high extremes can be heard in the song \"Chuncho (The Forest Creatures)\" (1953). She was also apparently able to sing in a remarkable \"double voice\".In 1954, classical composer Virgil Thomson described Sumac's voice as \"very low and warm, very high and birdlike\", noting that her range \"is very close to five octaves, but is in no way inhuman or outlandish in sound.\" In 2012, audio recording restoration expert John H. Haley favorably compared Sumac's tone to opera singers Isabella Colbran, Maria Malibran, and Pauline Viardot. He described Sumac's voice as not having the \"bright penetrating peal of a true coloratura soprano\", but having in its place \"an alluring sweet darkness ... virtually unique in our time.\"", "Q365997": "George Alexander Parks (May 29, 1883 \u2013 May 11, 1984) was an American engineer who worked in Alaska Territory for most of his career. Following an unexpected nomination from President Calvin Coolidge, he became the territory's first resident governor. As governor, he was the first person to serve two complete four-year terms and the first chief executive to travel extensively by air.", "Q236303": "Dana Davis (born October 4, 1978) is an American actress and author, known for playing Monica Dawson on the NBC series Heroes (2007), Chastity Church on the ABC Family television series 10 Things I Hate About You (2009\u201310) and Carmen Phillips on the TNT series Franklin & Bash (2011-2013).", "Q229223": "Stana Katic (; Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [k\u01ce\u02d0tit\u0255]; born 26 April 1978) is a Canadian-American actress and producer. She played Kate Beckett on the ABC television romantic crime series Castle (2009\u20132016) and Agent Emily Byrne in the thriller series Absentia (2017\u2013present).", "Q70300": "Robert Gernhardt (13 December 1937 \u2013 30 June 2006) was a German writer, painter, graphic artist and poet.", "Q16085": "Neuruppin (German pronunciation: [n\u0254\u028f\u0281\u028a\u02c8pi\u02d0n]) is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, the administrative seat of Ostprignitz-Ruppin district. It is the birthplace of the novelist Theodor Fontane (1819\u20131898) and therefore also referred to as Fontanestadt. A garrison town since 1688 and largely rebuilt in a Neoclassical style after a devastating fire in 1787, Neuruppin has the reputation of being \"the most Prussian of all Prussian towns\".", "Q191104": "Shaun Mark Bean (born 17 April 1959), credited professionally as Sean Bean (), is an English actor. After graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Bean made his professional debut in a theatre production of Romeo and Juliet in 1983. Retaining his Yorkshire accent, he first found mainstream success for his portrayal of Richard Sharpe in the ITV series Sharpe, which originally ran from 1993 to 1997.\nBean's film roles include Patriot Games (1992), GoldenEye (1995), Ronin (1998), The Lord of the Rings trilogy (2001\u20132003), Equilibrium (2002), National Treasure (2004), Odysseus in Troy (2004), Flightplan (2005), North Country (2005), The Island (2005), Silent Hill (2006), Black Death (2010), Jupiter Ascending (2015) and The Martian (2015).\nHis television roles include the BBC anthology series Accused, Game of Thrones and the ITV historical drama series Henry VIII. As a voice actor, Bean has been featured in the video games The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, Sid Meier's Civilization VI, and the drama The Canterbury Tales, among several others.", "Q92385": "Heinrich Bulthaupt (October 26, 1849 \u2013 August 20, 1905) was a German poet, dramatic author, and lawyer, as well as librarian of his native town, Bremen. Many of Bulthaupt's works found considerable widespread popularity in the lyrical and dramatic genres.", "Q3484382": "Simon McTavish (c.1750 \u2013 6 July 1804), of Montreal was a Scottish-born fur trader and the chief founding partner of the North West Company. He was a member of the Beaver Club and was known as the Marquis for his pre-eminent position in the fur trade and his refined style of living. \nBoth McTavish Street and the McTavish Reservoir in Montreal are named for him. His home and monument in the Golden Square Mile were longstanding landmarks in Montreal. \nRenowned for his generosity, when the Chief of the Clan MacTavish had fallen on hard times and was forced to sell their seat, Dunardry, McTavish bought it back for the clan and gave his eldest son employment in Montreal.", "Q912467": "The Golden Girls is an American sitcom television series created by Susan Harris that originally aired on NBC from September 14, 1985, to May 9, 1992, with a total of 180 half-hour episodes spanning seven seasons. The show stars Beatrice Arthur, Betty White, Rue McClanahan, and Estelle Getty as four older women who share friendship, and a home in Miami, Florida. It was produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions, in association with Touchstone Television, and Paul Junger Witt. Tony Thomas and Harris served as the original executive producers.\nThe Golden Girls received critical acclaim throughout most of its run and won several awards including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series twice. It also won three Golden Globe Awards for Best Television Series \u2013 Musical or Comedy. Each of the four stars received an Emmy Award, making it one of only three sitcoms in the award's history to achieve this. The series also ranked among the Nielsen ratings Top 10 for six of its seven seasons. In 2013, TV Guide ranked The Golden Girls number 54 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time. In 2014, the Writers Guild of America placed the sitcom at number 69 in their list of the \"101 Best Written TV Series of All Time\".", "Q1502946": "Geoffrey Lewis Blake (born August 20, 1962) is an American film and television actor.", "Q2704613": "Abu al-Hasan ash-Shadhili (Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630\u0644\u064a\u200e) (full name: Ab\u016b al-Hasan \u02bfAl\u012b ibn \u02bfAbd All\u0101h ibn \u02bfAbd al-Jabb\u0101r al-Hasan\u012b wal-Husayn\u012b ash-Sh\u0101dhil\u012b) also known as Sheikh al-Shadhili [593 AH/1196 AD \u2013 656 AH/1258 AD] was an influential Moroccan Islamic scholar and Sufi, founder of the Shadhili Sufi order.", "Q66562": "T\u00fcbach is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q324075": "Robert \"Robbie\" Shakespeare (born 27 September 1953) is a Jamaican bass guitarist and record producer, best known as the one half of the reggae rhythm section and production duo Sly and Robbie, with drummer Sly Dunbar. Regarded as one of the most influential reggae bassists, Shakespeare is also known for his creative use of electronics and production effects units. He is sometimes nicknamed \"Basspeare\".As a part of Sly and Robbie, Shakespeare worked with various reggae artist such as U-Roy, Peter Tosh, Bunny Wailer, Dennis Brown, Gregory Isaacs, Sugar Minott, Augustus Pablo, Yellowman and Black Uhuru. His production work also extended beyond the reggae genre, covering various pop and rock artists such as Mick Jagger, Bob Dylan, Jackson Browne, Cyndi Lauper, Joe Cocker, Yoko Ono, Serge Gainsbourg and Grace Jones. Prior to his involvement in Sly and Robbie, he was a member of the session groups The Revolutionaries and The Aggrovators.", "Q105017": "Wolfgang Gr\u00f6nebaum (14 March 1927 \u2013 16 March 1998) was a German actor. He appeared in 26 films and television shows between 1968 and 1998.", "Q984363": "Mustafa Merlika-Kruja (March 15, 1887, Ak\u00e7ahisar, Ottoman Empire (modern-day Kruj\u00eb, Albania) \u2013 December 27, 1958, Niagara Falls, New York) was one of the signatories of the Albanian Declaration of Independence. He served as Prime Minister of Albania during the Italian occupation from December 4, 1941 to January 19, 1943.\n\n", "Q234514": "Camryn Manheim (born Debra Manheim, March 8, 1961) is an American actress known for her roles as attorney Ellenor Frutt on ABC's The Practice, Delia Banks on CBS's Ghost Whisperer, Gladys Presley in the 2005 miniseries entitled Elvis, and \"Control\" on Person of Interest. In 1998, Manheim won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her work on The Practice.", "Q449954": "Manuela Gretkowska (6 October 1964) is a Polish writer, screenwriter, feminist and politician. She is the founder of the Feminist Initiative.", "Q844153": "The Hungarian University of Fine Arts (Hungarian: Magyar K\u00e9pz\u0151m\u0171v\u00e9szeti Egyetem, MKE) is the central Hungarian art school in Budapest, Andr\u00e1ssy Avenue. It was founded in 1871 as the Hungarian Royal Drawing School (Magyar Kir\u00e1lyi Mintarajztanoda) and has been called University of Fine Arts since 2001.", "Q273887": "Nivea B. Hamilton (born March 24, 1982), better known by the mononym Nivea, is an American singer whose recordings reached the Billboard charts during the early 2000s. Nivea is known most for her Grammy-nominated hit \"Don't Mess with My Man\" as well as \"Laundromat\" and \"Okay\" featuring YoungbloodZ & Lil' Jon. She has released three studio albums: Nivea (2001), Complicated (2005), Animalistic (2006), and an independently released extended play Nivea: Undercover (2011).\nOn September 26, 2019, she released her album Mirrors, including the single \"Circles\".\n\n", "Q1240084": "Michael Megas Komnenos (Greek: \u039c\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1\u03ae\u03bb \u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, Mikha\u0113l Megas Komn\u0113nos), (c. 1288\u2013 after 1355), Emperor of Trebizond for one day, July 30, 1341 and from May 3, 1344 to December 13, 1349. He was a younger son of Emperor John II of Trebizond and Eudokia Palaiologina.", "Q369175": "David Brown (July 28, 1916 \u2013 February 1, 2010) was an American film and theatre producer and writer who was best known for coproducing the 1975 film Jaws based on the best-selling novel by Peter Benchley.", "Q80959": "Elysium is a 2013 American science fiction action film written, produced and directed by Neill Blomkamp. It stars Matt Damon, Jodie Foster, Alice Braga, and Sharlto Copley. The film takes place on both a ravaged Earth, and a luxurious space habitat (Stanford torus design, one of the proposed NASA designs) called Elysium. The film itself offers deliberate social commentary which explores political and sociological themes such as immigration, overpopulation, transhumanism, health care, worker exploitation, the justice system, and social class issues.The film was released on August 9, 2013 by TriStar Pictures, in both conventional and IMAX Digital theaters. It was a modest success and received generally positive reviews from critics, even though many considered it a disappointment after Blomkamp's first film District 9. Elysium was released on DVD and Blu-ray on December 17, 2013.", "Q586857": "Kevin John Conway (May 29, 1942 \u2013 February 5, 2020) was an American actor and film director.", "Q242482": "Margaret Alexis Smith (June 8, 1921 \u2013 June 9, 1993) was a Canadian-born stage, film, and television actress and singer. She appeared in several major Hollywood films in the 1940s and had a notable career on Broadway in the 1970s, winning a Tony Award in 1972.", "Q2218967": "Samuel Willenberg, nom de guerre Igo (16 February 1923 \u2013 19 February 2016), was a Polish Holocaust survivor, artist, and writer. He was a Sonderkommando at the Treblinka extermination camp and participated in its prisoner revolt. Before war's end, he took part in the Warsaw Uprising. At his death, Willenberg was the last survivor of the August 1943 Treblinka prisoners' revolt.\nAfter the war he lived in Israel. He received Poland's highest orders, including the Virtuti Militari and the Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit, awarded by President Lech Kaczy\u0144ski.\nHis memoir, Revolt in Treblinka, was published between 1986 and 1991 in Hebrew, Polish, and English. He was a sculptor and painter.\n\n", "Q438175": "Paul Waaktaar-Savoy (born P\u00e5l Waaktaar Gamst, 6 September 1961) is a Norwegian musician and songwriter. He was named Knights First Class of the Order of St. Olav by King Harald for his services to Norwegian music and his international success. P\u00e5l Savoy is best known for his work as the main songwriter and guitarist in the Norwegian pop band A-ha. He has written or co-written most of the band's biggest hits, including \"The Sun Always Shines on T.V.\", \"Hunting High and Low\", \"Take On Me\", the James Bond theme \"The Living Daylights\" and the ballad \"Summer Moved On\". In addition, Waaktaar-Savoy is also a painter. The band A-ha has sold more than 50 million albums worldwide.", "Q118720": "Winfried Nachtwei (born 15 April 1946 in Wulfen) is a German politician and former member of Alliance '90/The Greens in the Bundestag. He is an expert on the Afghanistan conflict and works as a peace and conflict consultant since leaving the Bundestag. His nickname is \"Winni\".", "Q1040028": "The Singing Detective is a BBC television serial drama, written by Dennis Potter, which stars Michael Gambon and was directed by Jon Amiel. The six episodes were \"Skin\", \"Heat\", \"Lovely Days\", \"Clues\", \"Pitter Patter\" and \"Who Done It\".\nThe serial was broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC1 in 1986 on Sunday nights from 16 November to 21 December with later PBS and cable television showings in the United States. It won a Peabody Award in 1989. It ranks 20th on the British Film Institute's list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes, as voted by industry professionals in 2000. It was included in the 1992 Dennis Potter retrospective at the Museum of Television & Radio and became a permanent addition to the Museum's collections in New York and Los Angeles. There was co-production funding from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. It was released on DVD in the US on 15 April 2003 and in the UK on 8 March 2004.", "Q1473615": "Kent State University (KSU) is a public research university in Kent, Ohio. The university also includes seven regional campuses in Northeast Ohio and additional facilities in the region and internationally. Regional campuses are located in Ashtabula, Burton, East Liverpool, Jackson Township, New Philadelphia, Salem, and Warren, Ohio, with additional facilities in Cleveland, Independence, and Twinsburg, Ohio, New York City, and Florence, Italy.\nThe university was established in 1910 as a teacher-training school. The first classes were held in 1912 at various locations and in temporary buildings in Kent and the first buildings of the original campus opened the following year. Since then, the university has grown to include many additional baccalaureate and graduate programs of study in the arts and sciences, research opportunities, as well as over 1,000 acres (405 ha) and 119 buildings on the Kent campus. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the university was known internationally for its student activism in opposition to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, due mainly to the Kent State shootings in 1970.\nAs of September 2017, Kent State was one of the largest universities in Ohio with an enrollment of 39,367 students in the eight-campus system and 28,972 students at the main campus in Kent. Kent State offers over 300 degree programs, among them 250 baccalaureate, 40 associate, 50 master's, and 23 doctoral programs of study, which include such notable programs as nursing, business, history, library science, aeronautics, journalism, fashion design and the Liquid Crystal Institute.\n\n", "Q32133": "Lysimachus (Greek: \u039b\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2, Lysimachos; c. 360 BC \u2013 281 BC) was a Macedonian officer and diadochus (i.e. \"successor\") of Alexander the Great, who became a basileus (\"King\") in 306 BC, ruling Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedon.", "Q264323": "A chamberlain (Medieval Latin: cambellanus or cambrerius, with charge of treasury camerarius) is a senior royal official in charge of managing a royal household. Historically, the chamberlain superintends the arrangement of domestic affairs and was often also charged with receiving and paying out money kept in the royal chamber. The position was usually honoured upon a high-ranking member of the nobility (nobleman) or the clergy, often a royal favourite. Roman emperors appointed this officer under the title of cubicularius. The papal chamberlain of the Pope enjoys very extensive powers, having the revenues of the papal household under his charge. As a sign of their dignity, they bore a key, which in the seventeenth century was often silvered, and actually fitted the door-locks of chamber rooms. Since the eighteenth century, it has turned into a merely symbolic, albeit splendid, rank-insignia of gilded bronze. In many countries there are ceremonial posts associated with the household of the sovereign.\n\n", "Q523541": "Hans Edvard N\u00f8rreg\u00e5rd-Nielsen (born 2 January 1945) is a Danish art historian.\nN\u00f8rreg\u00e5rd-Nielsen was born in S\u00f8nder Nissum. He is an alumnus of Ribe Katedralskole and has written several memoirs. In 2001, he was awarded the De Gyldne Laurb\u00e6r prize for Riber Ret. His 1995 book, Golden Age of Danish Art reviews early nineteenth-century art. He was Chairman of the New Carlsberg Foundation Board until the end of 2013. He is also an adjunct professor of art history at the Aarhus University. He was awarded the Ingenio et Arti gold medal in 2013.", "Q4984974": "A buddy cop film is a film with plots involving two people of very different and conflicting personalities who are forced to work together to solve a crime and/or defeat criminals, sometimes learning from each other in the process. The two are normally either police officers (cops) or secret agents, but some films that are not about two officers may still be referred to as buddy cop films. It is a subgenre of buddy films. They can be either comedies or thrillers.\nFrequently, although not always, the two heroes are of different ethnicity or cultures. However, regardless of ethnicity, the central difference is normally that one is \"wilder\" than the other: a hot-tempered iconoclast is paired with a more even-tempered partner. Often the \"wilder\" partner is the younger of the two, with the even-tempered partner having more patience and experience. These films sometimes also contain a variation on the good cop/bad cop motif, in which one partner is kinder and law-abiding, while the other is a streetwise, \"old school\" police officer who tends to break (or at least bend) the rules. Another frequent plot device of this genre is placing one of the partners in an unfamiliar setting (like a different city or foreign country) or role (like requiring police field work of a non-cop, rookie, or office-bound \"desk jockey\"). In these cases, they are usually guided by the other partner.\nIn his review of Rush Hour, Roger Ebert coined the term \"Wunza Movie\" to describe this subgenre, a pun on the phrase \"One's a...\" that could be used to describe the contrasts between the two characters in a typical film.The clich\u00e9 was satirized in the film Last Action Hero. While the movie in itself was a buddy cop film (i.e. pairing a fictional cop with a real world boy), the film's police department obligatorily assigned all cops a conflicting buddy to work with, even to the extreme of one officer being partnered with a cartoon cat.\nA subgenre of the buddy cop film is the buddy cop-dog movie, which teams a cop with a dog, but uses the same element of unlikely partnership to create comedic hijinks. Examples include Turner & Hooch, Top Dog and K-9.", "Q340281": "L'ira di Achille, internationally released as The Fury of Achilles, is a 1962 Italian historical drama set in the ninth year of the Trojan War and is based primarily on Homer's Iliad. The film was directed by Marino Girolami and starred Gordon Mitchell as Achilles.", "Q108255": "Erna Elisabeth Dorothea Sellmer (June 19, 1905 \u2013 May 13, 1983) was a German film actress. She was best known in the English-speaking world for her role as housekeeper Frau Gerber in the 1970s Swiss-Canadian television series George about a St. Bernard dog and its owners. In 1939 Sellmer provided the German language voiceover for Hattie McDaniel in her Academy award-winning role in Gone with the Wind.", "Q74600": "Albert Ganzenm\u00fcller (born 25 February 1905 in Passau \u2013 died 20 March 1996 in Munich) was a German Nazi and, as the Under-secretary of State at the Reich Transport Ministry (Reichsverkehrsministerium), was involved in the deportation of German Jews.", "Q329237": "Hans-Dieter Sues is a German-born paleontologist who is Senior Scientist and Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC.He received his education at Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz (University of Mainz), University of Alberta, and Harvard University (Ph.D., 1984). Before assuming his present position, Sues worked at the Royal Ontario Museum and the University of Toronto and at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh.\nHe is interested in the diversity, paleoecology, and evolutionary history of Mesozoic tetrapods, especially archosaurian reptiles and cynodont therapsids, and the history of biology and paleontology. Sues has discovered a number of new dinosaurs and other extinct terrestrial vertebrates in Mesozoic continental strata around the world.\nHe has authored or co-authored over 100 articles and book chapters on vertebrate paleontology and paleoecology. Sues has edited Evolution of Herbivory in Terrestrial Vertebrates (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000) and co-edited Terrestrial Ecosystems through Time (with A. K. Behrensmeyer et al.; Univ. of Chicago Press, 1992), In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods (with N. C. Fraser; Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994), and Major Transitions in Vertebrate Evolution (with J. S. Anderson; Indiana Univ. Press, 2007). He is also active in promoting the value of natural history collections for addressing major questions in current science.\nSues was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2003 and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1998. The pachycephalosaur Hanssuesia is named for him.", "Q37804477": "Airlines for Europe (A4E) is a trade association of European airlines created in January 2016. It handles political lobbying operations for the benefit of its 16 members.", "Q12585": "Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Romance languages such as Spanish and Portuguese are predominantly spoken; it is broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America. The term comes from the fact that the predominant languages of the countries originated with the Latin language. Most of the countries of Latin America speak Spanish and are populated by a mixed-race population. The term \"Latin America\" was first used in an 1856 conference with the title \"Initiative of the Americas. Idea for a Federal Congress of the Republics\" (Iniciativa de la Am\u00e9rica. Idea de un Congreso Federal de las Rep\u00fablicas), by the Chilean politician Francisco Bilbao. The term was used also by Napoleon III's French government in the 1860s as Am\u00e9rique latine to consider French-speaking territories in the Americas (French Canadians, French Louisiana, French Guiana, Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Martin, Saint Barth\u00e9lemy), along with the larger group of countries where Spanish and Portuguese languages prevailed, including the Spanish-speaking portions of the United States (Southwestern United States and Florida)Latin America consists of 20 countries and 14 dependent territories that cover an area that stretches from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego and includes much of the Caribbean. It has an area of approximately 19,197,000 km2 (7,412,000 sq mi), almost 13% of the Earth's land surface area. As of 2nd March 2020, population of Latin America and the Caribbean was estimated at more than 652 million, and in 2019, Latin America had a combined nominal GDP of US$5,188,250 million and a GDP PPP of 10,284,588 million USD. Latin America is the world's most violent region. More than 2.5 million Latin Americans were murdered between 2000 and 2018.", "Q359908": "Lee R. Raymond (born August 13, 1938) is an American businessman, and the chief executive officer (CEO) and chairman of ExxonMobil from 1999 to 2005. He had previously been the CEO of Exxon since 1993. He joined the company in 1963 and has been president since 1987, and a director since 1984.", "Q553918": "Leland Ossian Howard, Ph.D., M.D. (June 11, 1857 in Rockford, Illinois \u2013 May 1, 1950), was a pioneer American entomologist who worked in the US Department of Agriculture. Serving as the chief of the bureau of entomology, a successor to C.V. Riley, he helped establish economic entomology as a profession in the United States and strengthened research activities, helping establish laws to prevent the introduction of agricultural pests. He was a specialist on the Hymenopteran family Chalcididae, which are parasitic and contributed to the introduction of biological control agents for pest management. Howard also took an interest in medical entomology.", "Q86496": "Franziska Weisz (also credited as Franziska Weiss or Wei\u00df; born 4 May 1980 in Vienna) is an Austrian actress. She starred in the film Hotel, which was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q311970": "Brian Nicholas McFadden (born 12 April 1980) is an Irish singer, songwriter and television presenter who rose to fame in 1998 as a member of the Irish boy band Westlife. Following his departure from the group in 2004, McFadden released his debut solo album, Irish Son. He has since released four studio albums: Set in Stone, Wall of Soundz, The Irish Connection, and Otis.", "Q183266": "Samuel Johnson (18 September 1709 [OS 7 September] \u2013 13 December 1784), often referred to as Dr Johnson, was an English writer who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, playwright, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor, and lexicographer. Religiously, he was a devout Anglican, and politically a committed Tory. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography describes Johnson as \"arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history\". He is the subject of James Boswell's The Life of Samuel Johnson, described by Walter Jackson Bate as \"the most famous single work of biographical art in the whole of literature\".Born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, Johnson attended Pembroke College, Oxford, for just over a year, but a lack of funds forced him to leave. After working as a teacher, he moved to London, where he began to write for The Gentleman's Magazine. His early works include the biography Life of Mr Richard Savage, the poems London and The Vanity of Human Wishes, and the play Irene.\nAfter nine years of work, Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language was published in 1755. It had a far-reaching effect on Modern English and has been acclaimed as \"one of the greatest single achievements of scholarship\". This work brought Johnson popularity and success. Until the completion of the Oxford English Dictionary 150 years later, Johnson's was the pre-eminent British dictionary. His later works included essays, an influential annotated edition of The Plays of William Shakespeare, and the widely read tale The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia. In 1763, he befriended James Boswell, with whom he later travelled to Scotland; Johnson described their travels in A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland. Towards the end of his life, he produced the massive and influential Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets, a collection of biographies and evaluations of 17th- and 18th-century poets.\nJohnson was a tall and robust man. His odd gestures and tics were disconcerting to some on first meeting him. Boswell's Life, along with other biographies, documented Johnson's behaviour and mannerisms in such detail that they have informed the posthumous diagnosis of Tourette syndrome, a condition not defined or diagnosed in the 18th century. After a series of illnesses, he died on the evening of 13 December 1784, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. In the years following his death, Johnson began to be recognised as having had a lasting effect on literary criticism, and he was claimed by some to be the only truly great critic of English literature.", "Q158462": "Lynyrd Skynyrd ( LEN-\u0259rd SKIN-\u0259rd) is an American rock band formed in Jacksonville, Florida, in 1964. The group was originally named My Backyard and comprised Ronnie Van Zant (lead vocalist), Gary Rossington (guitar), Allen Collins (guitar), Larry Junstrom (bass guitar) and Bob Burns (drums). The band spent five years touring small venues under a variety of different names and with several lineup changes before finally deciding on \"Lynyrd Skynyrd\" in 1969. The band released their first album in 1973, having settled on a lineup that included bassist Leon Wilkeson, keyboardist Billy Powell and guitarist Ed King. Burns would later be replaced by Artimus Pyle, and King by Steve Gaines. At the height of their fame during the 1970s, the band popularized the Southern rock genre with songs such as \"Sweet Home Alabama\" and \"Free Bird\".\nThe band abruptly ceased when Ronnie Van Zant, Steve Gaines, and backup singer Cassie Gaines were killed in an airplane crash on October 20, 1977, but reformed in 1987 for a reunion tour with Ronnie's brother, Johnny Van Zant, as its lead vocalist. Lynyrd Skynyrd continues to tour and record with co-founder Rossington (being the band's sole continuous member), Johnny Van Zant, and Rickey Medlocke, who first wrote and recorded with the band from 1971 to 1972 before his return in 1996. In January 2018, Lynyrd Skynyrd announced its farewell tour, and continue touring as of October 2019. Members are also working on their fifteenth album.In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Lynyrd Skynyrd No. 95 on their list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\". Lynyrd Skynyrd was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 13, 2006. To date, the band has sold 28 million records in the United States.", "Q379400": "Shavarsh \"Shavo\" Odadjian (Armenian: \u0547\u0561\u057e\u0561\u0580\u0577 \"\u0547\u0561\u057e\u0578\" \u0555\u0564\u0561\u057b\u0575\u0561\u0576; born April 22, 1974) is an Armenian-American musician, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, music video director, and painter. He is best known as the bassist, backing vocalist and occasional songwriter of the Grammy Award-winning metal band System of a Down. During the band's hiatus from 2006 to 2010, Odadjian collaborated with Wu-Tang Clan founder RZA on a project called AcHoZeN, which contributed a number of songs to the motion picture Babylon A.D. A compilation album was released in 2015. Odadjian is also credited with the musical scoring of the film, alongside The Rza and Hans Zimmer. He originally used Gibson Thunderbird basses, a Fender Jazz Bass, an Ibanez BTB bass guitar, and a Music Man StingRay, but has since moved on to Warwick basses.", "Q510835": "Elias \"E.Vil\" Einari Johannes Viljanen (born July 8, 1975) is a Finnish musician from Tampere, Finland, known for being the guitarist for Sonata Arctica since 2007. Viljanen joined Sonata Arctica in spring 2007 in order to replace Jani Liimatainen, who left the band in August 2007 to fulfill his civil duties in Finland. The decision was only made official on August 8, 2007, but Elias Viljanen had been known to replace Liimatainen in concerts during the spring and summer tour. Viljanen cites KISS, Metallica, Slayer, and Whitesnake as his musical influences.", "Q964297": "Fulgence Bienven\u00fce (French pronunciation: \u200b[fyl\u0292\u0251\u0303s bj\u025b\u0303vny]; 27 January 1852 \u2013 3 August 1936) was a noted French civil engineer, best known for his role in the construction of the Paris M\u00e9tro, and has been called \"Le P\u00e8re du M\u00e9tro\" (Father of the Metro).A native of Uzel in Brittany, and the son of a notary, in 1872 Bienven\u00fce graduated from the \u00c9cole Polytechnique as a civil engineer and the same year he began working for the Department of Bridges and Roads at Alen\u00e7on. His first assignment was the construction of new railway lines in the Mayenne area, in the course of which his left arm had to be amputated after being crushed in a construction accident.\nIn 1886, Bienven\u00fce moved on to Paris to design and supervise the construction of aqueducts for the city, drawing water from the Aube and Loire Rivers. Next, he built a cable railway near the Place de la R\u00e9publique and created the park of Buttes-Chaumont. In 1891, he was appointed as Engineer-in-Chief for Bridges and Roads, the most prestigious engineering job in France.Paris city officials selected Bienven\u00fce to become chief engineer for the Paris M\u00e9tro in 1896. He designed a special way of building new tunnels which allowed the swift repaving of the roads above; this involved (among other things) building the crown of the tunnel first and the floor last, the reverse of the usual method at that time. Bienven\u00fce has the credit for the mostly swift and relatively uneventful construction of the M\u00e9tro through the difficult and heterogenous Parisian soils and rocks. He came up with the idea of freezing wet and unstable soil in order to permit the drilling of tunnels. He was to supervise the Paris Metro construction for more than three decades, finally retiring on 6 December 1932.\nBienven\u00fce's construction of the M\u00e9tro was widely praised and has been described admiringly as a work \"worthy of the Romans\". He eventually accumulated many honors for his engineering accomplishments, including the Grand Prix Berger of the Academy of Arts and Sciences (1909) and the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor (1929).On 30 June 1933, the Avenue du Maine station on the Metro was renamed Bienven\u00fce in his honor. The naming ceremony took place in his presence; there was a last-minute scramble to repaint the station's new nameboards when it was discovered that the unusual diaeresis in his name had been omitted, making it the French word for \"welcome\". In 1942 the station was linked to the adjacent Montparnasse station, forming a single station named Montparnasse-Bienven\u00fce.\nBienven\u00fce was buried in 1936 at the P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery, Paris.\nA high school in C\u00f4tes-d'Armor commune in Brittany is named after Bienven\u00fce, Lyc\u00e9e Fulgence Bienven\u00fce de Loudeac, part of the Acad\u00e9mie de Rennes.", "Q66204": "Reute is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q229545": "Raquel Welch (born Jo Raquel Tejada; September 5, 1940) is an American actress and singer.\nShe first won attention for her role in Fantastic Voyage (1966), after which she won a contract with 20th Century Fox. They lent her contract to the British studio Hammer Film Productions, for whom she made One Million Years B.C. (1966). Although she had only three lines of dialogue in the film, images of her in the doe-skin bikini which she wore became best-selling posters that turned her into an international sex symbol. She later starred in notable films including Bedazzled (1967), Bandolero! (1968), 100 Rifles (1969), Myra Breckinridge (1970) and Hannie Caulder (1971). She made several television variety specials.\nWelch's unique film persona made her an icon of the 1960s and 1970s, due to her portrayal of strong female characters and breaking the mold of the archetypal sex symbol. Because of this, her rise to stardom in the mid 1960s was partly credited with ending Hollywood's vigorous promotion of the blonde bombshell. She won a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture Actress in a Musical or Comedy in 1974 for her performance in The Three Musketeers. She was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in Television Film for her performance in the film Right to Die (1987). In 1995, Welch was chosen by Empire magazine as one of the \"100 Sexiest Stars in Film History\". Playboy ranked Welch No. 3 on their \"100 Sexiest Stars of the Twentieth Century\" list. In 2011, Men's Health ranked her No. 2 in its \"Hottest Women of All Time\" list.", "Q36433": "Porto, also known as Oporto in some languages, is the second-largest city in Portugal, one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city has a population of 237,559 and a metropolitan area with 2.4 million people (2019) in an area of 2,395 km2 (925 sq mi), making it the second-largest urban area in Portugal. It is recognized as a gamma-level global city by the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group, the only Portuguese city besides Lisbon to be recognised as a global city.\nLocated along the Douro River estuary in northern Portugal, Porto is one of the oldest European centres, and its core was proclaimed a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1996, as \"Historic Centre of Oporto, Luiz I Bridge and Monastery of Serra do Pilar\". The historic area is also a National Monument of Portugal. The western part of its urban area extends to the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean. Its settlement dates back many centuries, when it was an outpost of the Roman Empire. Its combined Celtic-Latin name, Portus Cale, has been referred to as the origin of the name Portugal, based on transliteration and oral evolution from Latin. In Portuguese, the name of the city includes a definite article: o Porto (\"the port\"), which is where its former English name \"Oporto\" comes from.Port wine, one of Portugal's most famous exports, is named after Porto, since the metropolitan area, and in particular the cellars of Vila Nova de Gaia, were responsible for the packaging, transport, and export of fortified wine. In 2014 and 2017, Porto was elected The Best European Destination by the Best European Destinations Agency. Porto is on the Portuguese Way path of the Camino de Santiago. Porto is also the home of one of the world's most successful football clubs, FC Porto.", "Q103300": "Pope Boniface II (Latin: Bonifatius II; died 17 October 532) was the first Germanic bishop of Rome. He ruled the Holy See from 17 September 530 until his death. He was born an Ostrogoth.\nBoniface was chosen by his predecessor, Felix IV, who had been a strong adherent of the Arian king, and was never elected. He was later elected, largely due to the influence of the Gothic king Athalaric. For a time, Boniface served as pope in competition with Dioscorus, who had been elected by most of the priests of Rome. Boniface and Dioscorus were both consecrated in Rome on 22 September 530, but Dioscurus died only twenty-two days later.Boniface II's most notable act was confirming the decisions of the Council of Orange, teaching that grace is always necessary to obtain salvation. Boniface was buried in St. Peter's on 17 October 532.", "Q18916": "Gregory Edward Smith (born July 6, 1983) is a Canadian actor, writer, and director. Smith has appeared in several Hollywood films, and is known for his roles as Alan Abernathy in Small Soldiers, Ephram Brown on the television series Everwood, and more recently as Dov Epstein on the police drama series Rookie Blue.", "Q241835": "Maria Ilva Biolcati, OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [ma\u02c8ri\u02d0a \u02c8ilva bjol\u02c8ka\u02d0ti]; born 17 July 1939), known as Milva [\u02c8milva], is an Italian singer, stage and film actress, and television personality. She is also known as La Rossa (Italian for \"The Redhead\"), due to the characteristic colour of her hair, and additionally as La Pantera di Goro (\"The Panther of Goro\"), which stems from the Italian press having nicknamed the three most popular Italian female singers of the 1960s, combining the names of animals and the singers' birth places. The color also characterizes her leftist political beliefs, claimed in numerous statements. Popular in Italy and abroad, she has performed on musical and theatrical stages the world over, and has received popular acclaim in her native Italy, and particularly in Germany where she has often participated in musical events and televised musical programmes. She has also released numerous albums in France, Japan, Korea, Greece, Spain and South America.She has collaborated with European composers and musicians such as Ennio Morricone in 1965, Francis Lai in 1973, Mikis Theodorakis in 1978 (Was ich denke became a best selling album in Germany), Enzo Jannacci in 1980, Vangelis in 1981 and 1986, Franco Battiato in 1982 and 1986.\nHer stage productions of Bertolt Brecht's recitals and Luciano Berio's operas have toured the world's theatres. She has performed at La Scala in Milan, at the Deutsche Oper in Berlin, at the Paris Opera, in the Royal Albert Hall in London, and at the Edinburgh Festival, amongst others.Having received success both in Italy and internationally, she remains to this day one of the most popular Italian personalities in the fields of music and theatre. Her artistic stature has been officially recognised by the Italian, German and French republics, each of which have bestowed her with the highest honours. She is the only Italian artist in contemporary times, in fact, who is simultaneously: Chevalier of the National Order of the Legion of Honour of the French Republic (Paris, 11 September 2009), Commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Rome, 2 June 2007), Officer of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Berlin, 2006) and Officier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Paris, 1995).", "Q239756": "Wild Strawberries is a 1957 Swedish psychological drama film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman. The original Swedish title is Smultronst\u00e4llet, which literally means \"the wild strawberry patch\" but idiomatically signifies an underrated gem of a place, often with personal or sentimental value. The cast includes Victor Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m in his final screen performance as an old man recalling his past, as well as Bergman regulars Bibi Andersson, Ingrid Thulin, and Gunnar Bj\u00f6rnstrand. Max von Sydow also appears in a small role.\nBergman wrote the screenplay while hospitalized. Exploring philosophical themes such as introspection and human existence, Wild Strawberries received positive domestic reception upon release, and won the Golden Bear for Best Film at the 8th Berlin International Film Festival. It is often considered to be one of Bergman's greatest and most moving films and one of the greatest films ever made.", "Q537252": "Paul Xavier Gleason (May 4, 1939 \u2013 May 27, 2006) was an American film and television actor. He was known for his roles on television series such as All My Children and films such as The Breakfast Club, Trading Places, and Die Hard.", "Q536158": "Franco Evangelisti (January 21, 1926 \u2013 January 28, 1980) was an Italian composer specifically interested in the scientific theories behind sound.", "Q1450966": "Fran\u00e7ois Charles-Roux (19 November 1879 \u2013 26 June 1961) was a French businessman, historian and diplomat. He was born in Marseille.", "Q95398": "Wilhelm Dittmann (1 November 1874, Eutin \u2013 7 August 1954, Bonn), was a German Social Democratic politician. From 1917 to 1922 was secretary to the Central Committee of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD).\nWilhelm was the son of Josef and Auguste Dittmann. His father was a master wheelwright in Eutin.", "Q76003": "Bettina Belitz (Heidelberg, September 21, 1973) is a German writer and journalist.\nAfter studying history and literature, she worked for Die Rheinpfalz and other publications.\nShe has a son, and lives currently in Westerwald.", "Q69123": "Beggingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.", "Q4973330": "BBR Music Group (formerly Broken Bow Records) is an American independent record label based in Nashville, Tennessee. Founded in July 1999 by Benny Brown, the label specializes in country music. The label's EVP is Jon Loba.\nCraig Morgan produced the first number-one single for the label with his 2005 hit \"That's What I Love About Sunday\". Jason Aldean has produced the most number-one hits on the label, with twenty-one in total.\nIn 2009, Broken Bow Records launched a sister label, Stoney Creek Records. In August 2015, Broken Bow launched another imprint label, Wheelhouse Records, with Trace Adkins and Granger Smith the first artists signed to it.BBR Music Group was acquired by BMG Rights Management in February 2017.", "Q343944": "Eugene Lyons (July 1, 1898 \u2013 January 7, 1985) was an American journalist and writer. A fellow traveler of Communism in his younger years, Lyons became highly critical of the Soviet Union after several years there as a correspondent of United Press International. Lyons also wrote a biography of President Herbert Hoover.", "Q103314": "Pope Constantine (Latin: Constantinus; 664 \u2013 9 April 715) was the bishop of Rome from 25 March 708 to his death. One of the last popes of the Byzantine Papacy, the defining moment of Constantine's pontificate was his 710/711 visit to Constantinople where he compromised with Justinian II on the Trullan canons of the Quinisext Council. Constantine's was the last papal visit to Constantinople until 1967.\n\n", "Q155152": "Polydor Records Ltd. is a German-British record label and company that operates as part of Universal Music Group. It has a close relationship with Universal's Interscope Geffen A&M Records label, which distributes Polydor's releases in the United States. In turn, Polydor distributes Interscope releases in the United Kingdom. Polydor Records Ltd. was established in London in 1954 as a British subsidiary of German company Deutsche Grammophon GmbH. It was renamed Polydor Ltd. in 1972.\nIts artists have included The Moody Blues, The Who, Samantha Mumba, Cher Lloyd, Years & Years, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Slade, Bee Gees, The Jam, Cheryl and Girls Aloud, The Saturdays, Take That, James Brown, Fickle Friends, The Fauves, Ellie Goulding, Duffy, James Blake, Snow Patrol, Elbow, Status Quo, Elton John, Marie Osmond, Waldo de los R\u00edos, Ruti Olajugbagbe, Molly Hocking and American artists Lana Del Rey, Soraya, Haim, Keith O'Conner Murphy, Cher Lloyd, LANY, Azealia Banks and Canadian artist Alyssa Reid.", "Q113107": "Emil Heinrich Meyer (born 6 May 1886 in Wiesbaden - died 9 May 1945 in Berlin) was a German business executive. Meyer was a board member at the ITT Corporation's Germany-based subsidiaries Standard Elektrik Lorenz and Mix & Genest as well as AEG.Meyer was a cousin of the industrialist Wilhelm Keppler and became a member of the Freundeskreis der Wirtschaft, a group of industrialists committed to racialism and close to far right politics, led by Keppler. The group supported the Nazi Party, which Meyer joined in 1933. He was one of three directors of the Dresdner Bank, the others being Karl Rasche and Fritz Kranefuss, to belong to the exclusive Freunde des Reichsf\u00fchrer-SS circle, a development of Keppler's group. As such he had the courtesy rank of Standartenf\u00fchrer in the SS. In 1935 he was made an honorary professor for Genossenschaftswesen at the prestigious Handelshochschule Berlin as well as a member of the Nazi Academy for German Law.During the latter stages of the Second World War Meyer was involved in Ostindustrie GmbH, a forced labour enterprise attached to the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office set up by Oswald Pohl in the General Government area of Poland in 1943. Meyer committed suicide in Berlin in 1945.", "Q4301160": "Yury Vyacheslavovich Molchanov (Russian: \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432) (born July 19, 1952, in Kolomna, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union) is a Russian businessman and politician.\nFrom 1987 to 1999, he was the Deputy Rector of Saint Petersburg State University (LSU). In 1990, he as vice rector for international affairs of LSU which is a post for plain clothes KGB and Vladimir Putin as Molchanov's assistant which, according to Oleg Kalugin, is a post for the KGB rezident formed a Joint Venture between Procter & Gamble (P&G) with a 99% share and LSU with a 1% share allowing P&G to locate in a mansion on Universitetskaya Embankment (Russian: \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f) in the Rector's wing in the same place as the international department. Of course, both Putin and Molchanov received American soap, washing detergent, and money from P&G. Since 2004 he has been the Deputy Governor of Saint Petersburg.\nAs of 2017, he owns the Ostrov shopping and office complex on 36/40 Sredniy Prospekt Vasilyevsky Island in St. Petersburg.He is the adoptive father of the Andrey Molchanov, the Russian billionaire who owns LSR Group, one of Russia's largest construction firms.", "Q949477": "The Mikhail Semyonovich Shchepkin Higher Theatre School (Institute) is a drama school associated with the State Academic Maly Theatre in Moscow. It was established in 1809 by decree of Alexander I of Russia.", "Q4348206": "J\u00falio C\u00e9sar Redecker (July 12, 1956 in Taquari - S\u00e3o Paulo, July 17, 2007) was a Brazilian politician and a member of the current opposition party, PSDB. Redecker was the leader of the minority in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies. Redecker died in his car as a result of the TAM Airlines Flight 3054 crash. He was married and had three children.", "Q946744": "Kry\u0161tof Harant of Pol\u017eice and Bezdru\u017eice (Czech: Kry\u0161tof Harant z Pol\u017eic a Bezdru\u017eic, 1564 \u2013 June 21, 1621) was a Czech nobleman, traveler, humanist, soldier, writer and composer. He joined the Protestant Bohemian Revolt in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown against the House of Habsburg that led to Thirty Years' War. Following the victory of Catholic forces in the Battle of White Mountain, Harant was executed in the mass Old Town Square execution by the Habsburgs.\nAs a composer he represented the school of Franco-Flemish polyphony in Bohemia. Harant is also noted for his expedition to the Middle East summarized in a travel book Journey from Bohemia to the Holy Land, by way of Venice and the Sea and published in 1608.", "Q368519": "George MacDonald (10 December 1824 \u2013 18 September 1905) was a Scottish author, poet and Christian minister. He was a pioneering figure in the field of modern fantasy literature and the mentor of fellow writer Lewis Carroll. In addition to his fairy tales, MacDonald wrote several works on Christian apologetics.\nHis writings have been cited as a major literary influence by many notable authors including Lewis Carroll, W. H. Auden, J. M. Barrie, Lord Dunsany, Elizabeth Yates, Oswald Chambers, Mark Twain, Hope Mirrlees, Robert E. Howard, L. Frank Baum, T.H. White, Richard Adams, Lloyd Alexander, Hilaire Belloc, G.K. Chesterton, C. S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, Walter de la Mare, E. Nesbit, Peter S. Beagle, Neil Gaiman and Madeleine L'Engle.C. S. Lewis wrote that he regarded MacDonald as his \"master\": \"Picking up a copy of Phantastes one day at a train-station bookstall, I began to read. A few hours later\", said Lewis, \"I knew that I had crossed a great frontier.\" G. K. Chesterton cited The Princess and the Goblin as a book that had \"made a difference to my whole existence\".Elizabeth Yates wrote of Sir Gibbie, \"It moved me the way books did when, as a child, the great gates of literature began to open and first encounters with noble thoughts and utterances were unspeakably thrilling.\"Even Mark Twain, who initially disliked MacDonald, became friends with him, and there is some evidence that Twain was influenced by him. The Christian author Oswald Chambers wrote in his \"Christian Disciplines\" that \"it is a striking indication of the trend and shallowness of the modern reading public that George MacDonald's books have been so neglected\".", "Q4147199": "Vladimir Emanuelovich Grabar (10 (22) January 1865, Vienna \u2014 26 November 1956, \u041c\u043escow) \u2014 was a Russian and Soviet jurist. The brother of painter Igor Grabar, and the husband of philologue and translator Maria Grabar-Passek. He is one of the leading specialists in international law of the pre-revolutionary and post-Revolutionary Soviet period. Grabar was held a number of leading posts during his impressive and broad career, including: professor of international law, academician, dean, legal advisor to the Imperial Russian government and the Soviet state, internationally recognized jurist and historian. His academic and professional career encompassed the last decades of the Russian empire and the first four decades of the Soviet period. His most notable work on the history of international law in Russia (1647-1917) guaranteed a visible place not only in the Russian legal academy but also abroad.\n\n", "Q504854": "Gr\u00e4felfing is a municipality in the district of Munich, in Bavaria, Germany. It is located 1 km west of Munich (centre).\nThe name \"Gr\u00e4felfing\" first appears as \"Grevolvinga\", which as per one hypothesis could possibly name a tribe leader named \"grey wolf\" (\"*Grevol\" -> German \"grau(er)\" -> English \"grey\"; \"*vinga\" -> German \"Wolf\" -> English \"wolf\").\nGr\u00e4felfing is ranked 5th of the wealthiest municipalities in Germany (2005).\nOfficial Site: Gr\u00e4felfing", "Q9082": "Joseph Victor von Scheffel (16 February 1826 \u2013 9 April 1886) was a German poet and novelist.", "Q1517387": "Vvedenskoye Cemetery (Russian: \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435, IPA: [v\u02b2\u02d0\u026a\u02c8d\u02b2ensk\u0259j\u0259]) is a historic cemetery in the Lefortovo District of Moscow in Russia.\nUntil 1918 it was mainly a burial ground for the Catholic and Protestant communities of the city, principally ethnic Germans, and thus it was also called the German Cemetery (Russian: \u041d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435). After 1918 the cemetery was secularized and accepted the dead of all confessions, including the Orthodox clergy. Throughout its history it has also been extensively used as a military cemetery. It is located on a 20 hectare lot between Gospitalny Val Street and Nalichnaya Street at 55\u00b046\u20328\u2033N 37\u00b042\u203225\u2033E.", "Q1509807": "Gerald Leon Cannon (born 1958) is an American jazz double bassist and visual artist.\n\n", "Q330014": "Carlos Encinas Bardem (born 1963) is a Spanish actor. He is the son of actress Pilar Bardem and brother of actors M\u00f3nica and Javier Bardem (known for the 2007 film No Country for Old Men).\nCarlos Bardem won the 2008 Spanish Actors Union's \"Newcomer Award for a Male\" (Categor\u00eda Masculina) for La zona.", "Q205905": "Lancaster (,) a cathedral city and the county town of Lancashire, England, is on the River Lune and has a population of 52,234. The wider City of Lancaster local government district has a population of 138,375. The House of Lancaster was a branch of the English royal family, whilst the Duchy of Lancaster holds large estates on behalf of Elizabeth II, who is also the Duke of Lancaster. It is an ancient settlement, dominated by Lancaster Castle, Lancaster Priory Church and the Ashton Memorial. It is home to Lancaster University and a campus of the University of Cumbria.", "Q346182": "Gregorio L\u00f3pez y Fuentes (November 17, 1897 \u2013 December 10, 1966) was a Mexican novelist, poet, and journalist. He was one of the leading chroniclers of the Mexican Revolution.", "Q438161": "Genevieve O'Reilly (born 6 January 1977) is an Irish actress known for her work in the Star Wars franchise as Mon Mothma, having portrayed the character in Star Wars: Episode VI\u2013 Return of the Jedi and Rogue One, and as well as her voice role as the character in Star Wars Rebels, and as Moira in Overwatch.\nIn television, O'Reilly's first appearance was in 2001 in the Canadian television series BeastMaster as a guest star in \"Slayer's Return\". The following year O'Reilly appeared in Young Lions as Kimberly Oswald in the episode \"Asylum Seekers\". O'Reilly then appeared as a prominent character in All Saints from 2002 - 2005 as Leanne Curtis. From 2011 to 2014, O'Reilly appeared in the series Episodes as a recurring character alongside Matt LeBlanc. Later in 2014 O'Reilly starred in the television mini series The Honourable Woman as Frances Pirsig in which she starred in six episodes. In the following year of 2015 O'Reilly starred in the BBC television series Banished as Mary Johnson. In 2016, O'Reilly starred in the British drama The Secret from which she gained acclaim and was reported to play her character \"beautifully\".Alongside her appearances in television, O'Reilly is also known for her career in films with her credits in the movie industry notably including the 2004 film Avatar in which she portrayed Dash MacKenzie, the 2009 period drama The Young Victoria in which she played Lady Flora Hastings, and the 2010 romantic movie Forget Me Not where she played Eve. In 2016 O'Reilly appeared in the role of Tarzan's Mother in The Legend of Tarzan.", "Q185165": "Dame Olivia Newton-John (born 26 September 1948) is an English\u2013Australian singer, songwriter, actress, dancer, entrepreneur and activist. She is a four-time Grammy Award winner who has amassed five number-one and ten other top-ten Billboard Hot 100 singles, and two number-one Billboard 200 albums. Eleven of her singles (including two Platinum) and 14 of her albums (including two Platinum and four 2\u00d7 Platinum) have been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). She has sold an estimated 100 million records worldwide, making her one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. She starred in the 1978 musical film Grease and its soundtrack is one of the most successful in history, with the single \"You're the One That I Want\", with co-star John Travolta, one of the best-selling singles of all time.\nNewton-John has been a long-time activist for environmental and animal rights issues. She has been an advocate for health awareness, becoming involved with various charities, health products and fundraising efforts. Her business interests have included launching several product lines for Koala Blue and co-owning the Gaia Retreat & Spa in Australia.\nNewton-John has been married twice. She is the mother of one daughter, Chloe Lattanzi, with her first husband, actor Matt Lattanzi. She married John Easterling in 2008.", "Q35648": "William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 \u2013 March 8, 1930) was the 27th president of the United States (1909\u20131913) and the tenth chief justice of the United States (1921\u20131930), the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected president in 1908, the chosen successor of Theodore Roosevelt, but was defeated for re-election by Woodrow Wilson in 1912 after Roosevelt split the Republican vote by running as a third-party candidate. In 1921, President Warren G. Harding appointed Taft to be chief justice, a position in which he served until a month before his death.\nTaft was born in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1857. His father, Alphonso Taft, was a U.S. Attorney General and Secretary of War. Taft attended Yale and, like his father, was a member of Skull and Bones. After becoming a lawyer, Taft was appointed a judge while still in his twenties. He continued a rapid rise, being named Solicitor General and as a judge of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. In 1901, President William McKinley appointed Taft civilian governor of the Philippines. In 1904, Roosevelt made him Secretary of War, and he became Roosevelt's hand-picked successor. Despite his personal ambition to become chief justice, Taft declined repeated offers of appointment to the Supreme Court of the United States, believing his political work to be more important.\nWith Roosevelt's help, Taft had little opposition for the Republican nomination for president in 1908 and easily defeated William Jennings Bryan for the presidency in that November's election. In the White House, he focused on East Asia more than European affairs and repeatedly intervened to prop up or remove Latin American governments. Taft sought reductions to trade tariffs, then a major source of governmental income, but the resulting bill was heavily influenced by special interests. His administration was filled with conflict between the conservative wing of the Republican Party, with which Taft often sympathized, and the progressive wing, toward which Roosevelt moved more and more. Controversies over conservation and antitrust cases filed by the Taft administration served to further separate the two men. Roosevelt challenged Taft for renomination in 1912. Taft used his control of the party machinery to gain a bare majority of delegates and Roosevelt bolted the party. The split left Taft with little chance of re-election and he took only Utah and Vermont in Wilson's victory.\nAfter leaving office, Taft returned to Yale as a professor, continuing his political activity and working against war through the League to Enforce Peace. In 1921, President Harding appointed Taft as chief justice, an office he had long sought. Chief Justice Taft was a conservative on business issues and under him there were advances in individual rights. In poor health, he resigned in February 1930, and died the following month. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, the first president and first Supreme Court justice to be interred there. Taft is generally listed near the middle in historians' rankings of U.S. presidents.", "Q232171": "Nora Angela Zehetner (born February 5, 1981) is an American film and television actress.\n\n", "Q90586": "Karl K\u00fcpfm\u00fcller (6 October 1897 \u2013 26 December 1977) was a German electrical engineer, who was prolific in the areas of communications technology, measurement and control engineering, acoustics, communication theory and theoretical electro-technology.", "Q428372": "Blonde Ambition is a 2007 American romantic comedy film directed by Scott Marshall and starring Jessica Simpson as a small-town girl who moves to New York City and rises up into a career as a business woman. The film also stars Luke Wilson, Rachael Leigh Cook, Penelope Ann Miller, Andy Dick, Drew Fuller, Larry Miller and Willie Nelson.\nBefore the film started filming, sources reported that Blonde Ambition was a remake of the 1988 film Working Girl. After learning about this rumor, Simpson told Empire in November 2006, \"It's definitely the theme of Working Girl \u2013 this small town girl moving to New York City and rising up into this great career as a business woman pretty much. But it's definitely not a remake.\" She also described Blonde Ambition as \"more of a knockabout comedy\" than Working Girl, which \"had one foot in drama\".The official trailer for the film leaked to the Internet on early May 2007. A full version of a pre-release DVD was leaked on December 16, 2007.", "Q946022": "Roy \"Reg\" Park (7 June 1928 \u2013 22 November 2007) was an English bodybuilder, businessman, and actor. His first title was Mr Britain in 1946. He then won the Mr Universe in 1951, 1958 and 1965. He also starred in five films, four featured as Hercules and in one, Hercules in the Haunted World (1961), he co-starred with Christopher Lee. Besides his own career and titles, he is probably best known as an idol and mentor to Arnold Schwarzenegger.", "Q1056886": "The First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg (Russian: \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0418. \u041f. \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u041f\u0421\u041f\u0431\u0413\u041c\u0423 \u0438\u043c. \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434. \u0418. \u041f. \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430) was established in 1897 in St. Petersburg, Russia, as the first Russian medical college for women. After its 123 years of history, it has become one of the leading medical colleges in Russia and the world. As well as the University is one of the top ten medical schools in Europe.PSPbGMU is called the First Medical Institute in St. Petersburg because of its renaming in 1936, relative to Saint Petersburg State Medical Academy named after I.I. Mechnikov, which is called the Second Medical Institute.", "Q239024": "Letizia Moratti (born Letizia Brichetto Arnaboldi on 26 November 1949) is an Italian businesswoman and former politician. She is the former mayor of Milan and current chairwoman of the management board of UBI Banca.", "Q142348": "Le Parisien (French pronunciation: \u200b[l\u0259.pa.\u0281i.zj\u025b\u0303]; French for \"The Parisian\") is a French daily newspaper covering both international and national news, and local news of Paris and its suburbs. It is owned by LVMH Mo\u00ebt Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE, better known as LVMH.", "Q26152": "V\u00e4xj\u00f6 (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8v\u025b\u0302k\u02d0\u0267\u0153]) is a city and the seat of V\u00e4xj\u00f6 Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden. It had 66,275 inhabitants (2016) out of a municipal population of 90,721 (2017). It is the administrative, cultural, and industrial centre of Kronoberg County and the episcopal see of the Diocese of V\u00e4xj\u00f6. The town is home to Linnaeus University.", "Q85835": "Hermann Knoflacher (born 21 September 1940 in Villach) is an Austrian civil engineer. He was the head of the Institute for Transport Planning and Technology at the Vienna University of Technology.", "Q313815": "Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0451\u0432, also transliterated as Sergei Krikalyov; born August 27, 1958) is a Russian cosmonaut and mechanical engineer. As a prominent rocket scientist, he is a veteran of six space flights and ranks third to Gennady Padalka and Yuri Malenchenko for the amount of time in space: a total of 803 days, 9 hours, and 39 minutes. He retired from spaceflight in 2007 and is currently working as vice president of Space Corporation Energia.", "Q229237": "Natasha Abigail Taylor (born 14 December 1969), known professionally as Natascha McElhone (), is an English actress. She is a graduate of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.\nIn film, she is best known for her roles in Ronin (1998), The Truman Show (1998) and Solaris (2002). On television, she has portrayed Karen van der Beek, the long-time partner of Hank Moody, in the Showtime comedy-drama series Californication (2007\u20132014), First Lady Alex Kirkman in the ABC political drama Designated Survivor (2016\u20132017), and Laz Ingram in Beau Willimon's Hulu science-fiction series The First (2018).", "Q103472": "Eveline Lemke (June 1964 in Hamburg) is former German politician and member of the Alliance 90/The Greens. From 18 May 2011 until 18 May 2016 she was vice minister president of Rhineland-Palatinate and Minister for Economics, Climate Protection, Energy and Regional Planning. On 27 March 2011 she was elected into the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate. She was the leading candidate for her party in the 2016 Rhineland-Palatinate state elections along with The Greens faction leader in the Landtag, Daniel K\u00f6bler, after having been leader of the party since 2006. As vice minister president Eveline Lemke represented the state of Rhineland-Palatinate in the German Bundesrat. As author and speaker in green technological issues and Circular Economy she founded Thinking Circular in 2017. This thinktank is listed in the Sustainable Development Goals Help Desk, a platform by the United Nations since July 2018. She is also working as consultant together with Prof. Michael Braungart, chemist and inventor of the design philosophy Cradle-to-Cradle, Martin Lees (Club of Rome) and David Wortmann (DWR-Eco-Innovation-Alliance). Lemke is married and has four adult children and one grand child. She is living in Bad Bodendorf.", "Q717884": "Douglas Mark Rushkoff (born February 18, 1961) is an American media theorist, writer, columnist, lecturer, graphic novelist, and documentarian. He is best known for his association with the early cyberpunk culture, and his advocacy of open source solutions to social problems.\nRushkoff is most frequently regarded as a media theorist and is known for coining terms and concepts including viral media (or media virus), digital native, and social currency. He has written ten books on media, technology and culture. He wrote the first syndicated column on cyberculture for The New York Times Syndicate, as well as regular columns for The Guardian of London, Arthur, Discover, and the online magazines Daily Beast, TheFeature.com and meeting industry magazine One+.Rushkoff is currently Professor of Media Theory and Digital Economics at the City University of New York, Queens College. He has previously lectured at The New School University in Manhattan and the ITP at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, where he created the Narrative Lab. He also has taught online for the MaybeLogic Academy.", "Q67668": "Savosa is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q686145": "The Soviettes were a punk rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota, founded in 2001. The group is composed of Annie (guitar), Sturgeon (guitar), Susy (bass guitar), and Danny (drums), all of whom share singing duties.", "Q1319697": "North Hollywood is a neighborhood in the east San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles. It is home to the NoHo Arts District and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, and it has seven public and eight private schools. There is a municipal park and a recreation center. The neighborhood is an important transportation center for the region.\nNorth Hollywood was established by the Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company in 1887. It was first named Toluca before being renamed Lankershim in 1896 and finally North Hollywood in 1927.", "Q69645": "Fritz Feld (born Fritz Feilchenfeld; October 15, 1900 \u2013 November 18, 1993) was a German-American film character actor who appeared in over 140 films in 72 years, both silent and sound. His trademark was to slap his mouth with the palm of his hand to create a \"pop\" sound.", "Q115210": "Death Watch (French: La Mort en direct) is a 1980 science fiction film directed by Bertrand Tavernier. It is based on the novel The Unsleeping Eye by David G. Compton, also known as The Continuous Katherine Mortenhoe. The film was entered into the 30th Berlin International Film Festival. The film had 1,013,842 admissions in France and was the 35th most attended film of the year.", "Q173195": "Alberto Uria (11 July 1924 \u2013 4 December 1988), was a racing driver from Uruguay. He participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 16 January 1955. He entered two Argentine Grand Prix races as a privateer running a Maserati. He scored no championship points, his best finish being a shared sixth place with Oscar Gonzalez in 1956.", "Q105003": "Amadeus August (6 May 1942, in Breslau \u2013 6 July 1992, in Munich) was a German actor and singer who spoke French and English.", "Q425656": "Michael John Elphick (19 September 1946 \u2013 7 September 2002) was an English film and television actor. He played the eponymous private investigator in the ITV series Boon and Harry Slater in BBC's EastEnders. He was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the 1983 film Gorky Park.\nIn his prime, Elphick always looked older than he was, and with his gruff Cockney accent and lip-curling sneer he often played menacing hard men.Elphick struggled with a highly publicised addiction to alcohol; at the height of his problem he admitted to consuming two litres of spirits a day, which contributed to his death from a heart attack in 2002.\n\n", "Q266520": "Nicholas Hammond (born May 15, 1950) is an American-Australian actor and writer who is known for his roles as Friedrich von Trapp in the film The Sound of Music and as Peter Parker / Spider-Man on the television series The Amazing Spider-Man.", "Q1164808": "Daniel William Wood (born May 14, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and occasional actor. He is also a member of the American boy band New Kids on the Block and also serves as one of the key choreographers.\n\n", "Q3568464": "William Bullock Ives (November 17, 1841 \u2013 July 15, 1899) was a Canadian politician, who served in the House of Commons of Canada from 1878 to 1899. A member of the Conservative Party of Canada, he represented the electoral districts of Richmond\u2014Wolfe from 1878 to 1891 and Sherbrooke from 1891 to 1899, and served as the President of the Privy Council and Minister of Trade and Commerce.\nPrior to his election to the House of Commons, Ives worked as a lawyer and businessman in Sherbrooke, Quebec, and served on the town council and as mayor.", "Q45387": "Roberto Blanco (legal name: Roberto Zerquera Blanco), was born 7 June 1937 in Tunis, Tunisia. Of Afro-Cuban origin, Blanco is a German-speaking Schlager singer and actor.", "Q371706": "Monsieur is a 1964 comedy film directed by Jean-Paul Le Chanois and starring Jean Gabin, Liselotte Pulver and Mireille Darc.It was made as a co-production between France, Italy and West Germany.\nThe film's sets were designed by Jean Mandaroux.\n\n", "Q65057": "St. Ant\u00f6nien is a Swiss village in the Pr\u00e4ttigau and a municipality in the political district of Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden.\nThe municipalities of St. Ant\u00f6nien (242 inhabitants) and St. Ant\u00f6nien Ascharina (118 inhabitants) merged on 1 January 2007 into St. Ant\u00f6nien.", "Q503875": "Joscelin III of Edessa (1139 \u2013 after 1190) was the titular Count of Edessa, who during his lifetime managed to amass enough land to establish the Seigneurie of Joscelin.", "Q349299": "Seyyed Ebrahim Nabavi (Persian: \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u06cc\u200e; born 1958 in Astara, Iran) is a prolific Iranian satirist, writer, diarist, and researcher. He currently writes in the news website Gooya and the online newspaper Rooz, and has a satirical program for the website and broadcasts on the Amsterdam based Radio Zamaneh.", "Q446483": "Laura Lippman (born January 31, 1959) is an American author of detective fiction.\n\n", "Q73635": "Horst Stechbarth (13 April 1925 \u2013 8 June 2016) was an East German politician and high ranking military officer in the National People's Army (Nationale Volksarmee), holding the rank of Army General (Armeegeneral). He was the Chief of the NVA's Landstreitkr\u00e4fte and the ex officio Deputy Minister of Defense of the GDR. He was also a member of the Politb\u00fcro of the Central Committee of the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED).", "Q192431": "Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates. Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating. In the Olympic Games, long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just \"speed skating\", while short-track speed skating is known as \"short track\". The ISU, the governing body of both ice sports, refers to long track as \"speed skating\" and short track as \"short track skating\".\nAn international federation was founded in 1892, the first for any winter sport. The sport enjoys large popularity in the Netherlands, Norway and South Korea. There are top international rinks in a number of other countries, including Canada, the United States, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Kazakhstan, China, Belarus and Poland. A World Cup circuit is held with events in those countries plus two events in the Thialf ice hall in Heerenveen, Netherlands.", "Q774489": "Somerville College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Founded in 1879 as Somerville Hall, it was one of the first two women's colleges in Oxford, and counts among its alumnae such major international figures as Margaret Thatcher, Indira Gandhi, Dorothy Hodgkin, Iris Murdoch, Vera Brittain and Dorothy L. Sayers. The college started admitting men in 1994.Somerville has one of the largest college libraries in Oxford and is known for its varied architecture and liberal atmosphere. This character traces back to its foundation by social liberals as the first non-denominational college in Oxford, deliberately unlike the strictly Anglican Lady Margaret Hall, the other women's college opened in the same year. Somerville is one of the few Oxford colleges where students may walk on the grass and, in 1964, became one of the first colleges to abandon the policy of locking its gates at night to prevent students staying out late. No gowns are worn during Formal Halls.\nSomerville is one of only three Oxford colleges to provide on-site accommodation for all undergraduates throughout their course. The college is located near the Science Area, the University Parks, the Oxford University Press and Jericho, close to Green Templeton, St Anne's, Keble and St Benet's. Somerville is home to about 600 students, of which more than a third are international. Over half the UK students admitted to Somerville are educated at state schools, which is close to the university average. Its total net assets in 2018 were \u00a3225.0 million, the seventh highest total for an Oxford undergraduate college.\nIts sister college in Cambridge is Girton College, Britain's first residential college for the education of women at degree level.", "Q64349": "August Thyssen (German: [\u02c8a\u028a\u0261\u028ast \u02c8t\u028fs\u0259n]; Eschweiler, 17 May 1842 \u2013 Landsberg Castle, Ratingen, near Kettwig, 4 April 1926) was a successful German industrialist who funded Pan-German and Nazi government war conquest. As most Pan-Germans, he remained out of the public eye and his affiliations with Pan-Germans and Nazis remain largely unknown.\n\n", "Q63426": "Carl August Bolle (21 November 1821, Sch\u00f6neberg (Berlin) \u2013 17 February 1909) was a German naturalist and collector.\nBolle was born at Berlin into a wealthy brewing family. He studied medicine and natural science at Berlin and Bonn. He visited the Cape Verde Islands and the Canary Islands in 1852 and 1856, and wrote Mein zweiter Beitrag zur Vogelkunde der Canarischen Inseln in 1857.Bolle was a founder member of the Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft (German Ornithological Society) in 1867, succeeding Alfred Brehm as Chairman in 1884.\nThe Bolle's laurel pigeon (Columba bollii) of the Canary Islands was named after him by Frederick DuCane Godman.\nHe also made contributions as a botanist, especially in the field of dendrology. His herbarium was bequeathed to the Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum, although largely destroyed during World War II (1943). The plant genus Bollea (family Orchidaceae) was named in his honor, but is now called Pescatoria.\n\n", "Q20011585": "Jacolby Satterwhite (born 1986 in Columbia, South Carolina) is an American contemporary artist who works with video, performance, 3D animation, fibers, drawing and printmaking, currently based in New York City, NY.", "Q589580": "Belphegor is an Austrian extreme metal band from Salzburg. They originally formed in 1991 under the name Betrayer before changing their name in 1993. They are named after the demon Belphegor.", "Q14876": "V\u00f6lklingen is a town in the district of Saarbr\u00fccken, in Saarland, Germany. It is situated on the river Saar, approx. 10 km west of Saarbr\u00fccken, and directly borders France.\nThe town is known for its industrial past, the V\u00f6lklinger H\u00fctte (ironworks) being declared by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.", "Q77453": "Friedrich von Sallet (20 April 1812 \u2013 21 February 1843) was a German writer, most notable for his political and religion-critiquing poems.", "Q57783": "Sir John Phillip Key (born 9 August 1961) is a New Zealand former politician who served as the 38th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 2008 to 2016 and as Leader of the New Zealand National Party from 2006 to 2016. After resigning from both posts in December 2016 and leaving politics, Key was appointed to board of director and chairmanship roles in New Zealand corporations.\nBorn in Auckland before moving to Christchurch when he was a child, Key attended the University of Canterbury and graduated in 1981 with a bachelor of commerce. He began a career in the foreign exchange market in New Zealand before moving overseas to work for Merrill Lynch, in which he became head of global foreign exchange in 1995, a position he would hold for six years. In 1999 he was appointed a member of the Foreign Exchange Committee of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York until leaving in 2001.\nKey entered the New Zealand Parliament representing the Auckland electorate of Helensville as one of the few new National members of parliament in the election of 2002 following National's significant defeat of that year. In 2004, he was appointed Finance Spokesman for National and eventually succeeded Don Brash as the National Party leader in 2006. After two years as Leader of the Opposition, Key led his party to victory at the November 2008 general election. He was subsequently sworn in as Prime Minister on 19 November 2008. The National government went on to win two more general elections under his leadership: in November 2011 and September 2014. Key was expected to contest for a fourth term of office at the 2017 general election, but on 5 December 2016 he resigned as Prime Minister and leader of the National Party. He was succeeded by Bill English on 12 December 2016.\nAs Prime Minister, Key led the Fifth National Government of New Zealand which entered government at the beginning of the late-2000s recession in 2008. In his first term, Key's government implemented a GST rise and personal tax cuts. In February 2011, a major earthquake in Christchurch, the nation's second largest city, significantly affected the national economy and the government formed the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority in response. In its second term, Key's government implemented a policy of partial privatisation of five state-owned enterprises, while voters in a citizens-initiated referendum on the issue were 2 to 1 opposed to the policy. In foreign policy, Key withdrew New Zealand Defence Force personnel from their deployment in the war in Afghanistan, signed the Wellington Declaration with the United States and pushed for more nations to join the Trans-Pacific Partnership.", "Q187982": "Alcibiades, son of Cleinias /\u02cc\u00e6ls\u0259\u02c8ba\u026a\u0259diz/ Ancient Greek: \u1f08\u03bb\u03ba\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2, romanized: Alkibi\u00e1d\u0113s, [alkibi\u00e1d\u025b\u02d0s]; (c. 450\u2013404 BC), from the deme of Scambonidae, was a prominent Athenian statesman, orator, and general. He was the last famous member of his mother's aristocratic family, the Alcmaeonidae, which fell from prominence after the Peloponnesian War. He played a major role in the second half of that conflict as a strategic advisor, military commander, and politician.\nDuring the course of the Peloponnesian War, Alcibiades changed his political allegiance several times. In his native Athens in the early 410s BC, he advocated an aggressive foreign policy and was a prominent proponent of the Sicilian Expedition, but he fled to Sparta after his political enemies brought charges of sacrilege against him. In Sparta, he served as a strategic adviser, proposing or supervising several major campaigns against Athens. In Sparta too, however, Alcibiades soon made powerful enemies and felt forced to defect to Persia. There he served as an adviser to the satrap Tissaphernes until his Athenian political allies brought about his recall. He then served as an Athenian general (Strategos) for several years, but his enemies eventually succeeded in exiling him a second time.\nScholars have argued that had the Sicilian expedition been under Alcibiades's command instead of that of Nicias, the expedition might not have met its eventual disastrous fate. In the years when he served Sparta, Alcibiades played a significant role in Athens's undoing; the capture of Decelea and the revolts of several critical Athenian subjects occurred either at his suggestion or under his supervision. Once restored to his native city, however, he played a crucial role in a string of Athenian victories that eventually brought Sparta to seek a peace with Athens. He favored unconventional tactics, frequently winning cities over by treachery or negotiation rather than by siege. Alcibiades's military and political talents frequently proved valuable to whichever state currently held his allegiance, but his propensity for making powerful enemies ensured that he never remained in one place for long; and by the end of the war that he had helped to rekindle in the early 410s, his days of political relevance were a bygone memory.", "Q2841": "Bogot\u00e1 (, also UK: , US: , Spanish: [bo\u0263o\u02c8ta] (listen)), officially Bogot\u00e1, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogot\u00e1, D.C., and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogot\u00e1 between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, as well as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca. Bogot\u00e1 is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative and industrial center of the country.\nBogot\u00e1 was founded as the capital of the New Kingdom of Granada on 6 August 1538, by Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jim\u00e9nez de Quesada after a harsh expedition into the Andes conquering the Muisca. The Muisca were the indigenous inhabitants of the region, and they called the place of the foundation \"Thybzaca\" or \"Old Town\". The name of Bogot\u00e1 corresponds to the Spanish pronunciation of the Muisca Bacat\u00e1 (or Mueket\u00e1) which was the name of a neighboring settlement located between the modern towns of Funza and Cota. There are different opinions about the meaning of the word Bacat\u00e1, the most accepted being that it means \"walling of the farmland\" in the Chibcha language. Another popular translation argues that it means \"The Lady of the Andes\". Further, the word 'Andes' in the Aymara language means \"shining mountain\", thus rendering the full lexical signification of Bogot\u00e1 as \"The Lady of the shining mountain\" (notice, however, that the language of the Muisca people was not Aymara but Chibcha). Others suggest that Bacat\u00e1 was the name of the Muisca cacique who governed the land before the Spaniards arrived. Jim\u00e9nez de Quesada gave the settlement the name of \"Our Lady of Hope\" but the Spanish crown gave it the name of Santaf\u00e9 (Holy Faith) in 1540 when it was appointed as a city.Santaf\u00e9 became the seat of the government of the Spanish Royal Audiencia of the New Kingdom of Granada (created in 1550), and then after 1717 it was the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada. After the Battle of Boyac\u00e1 on 7 August 1819, Bogot\u00e1 became the capital of the independent nation of Gran Colombia. It was Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar who rebaptized the city with the name of Bogot\u00e1, as a way of honoring the Muisca people and as an emancipation act towards the Spanish crown. Hence, since the Viceroyalty of New Granada's independence from the Spanish Empire and during the formation of present-day Colombia, Bogot\u00e1 has remained the capital of this territory.\nThe city is located in the center of Colombia, on a high plateau known as the Bogot\u00e1 savanna, part of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense located in the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes. It is the third-highest capital in South America and in the world after Quito and La Paz, at an average of 2,640 metres (8,660 ft) above sea level. Subdivided into 20 localities, Bogot\u00e1 has an area of 1,587 square kilometres (613 square miles) and a relatively cool climate that is constant through the year.\nThe city is home to central offices of the executive branch (Office of the President), the legislative branch (Congress of Colombia) and the judicial branch (Supreme Court of Justice, Constitutional Court, Council of State and the Superior Council of Judicature) of the Colombian government. Bogot\u00e1 stands out for its economic strength and associated financial maturity, its attractiveness to global companies and the quality of human capital. It is the financial and commercial heart of Colombia, with the most business activity of any city in the country. The capital hosts the main financial market in Colombia and the Andean natural region, and is the leading destination for new foreign direct investment projects coming into Latin America and Colombia. It has the highest nominal GDP in the country, responsible for almost a quarter of the nation's total (24.7%).\nThe city's airport, El Dorado International Airport, named after the mythical El Dorado, handles the largest cargo volume in Latin America, and is third in number of people. Bogot\u00e1 is home to the largest number of universities and research centers in the country, and is an important cultural center, with many theaters, libraries and museums. Bogot\u00e1 ranks 52nd on the Global Cities Index 2014, and is considered a global city type \"Alpha \u2212\" by GaWC.\n\n", "Q1290931": "Eduardo Fern\u00e1ndez (born 1952) is a Uruguayan classical guitarist, teacher and arranger-composer. He received prizes in the 1972 Porto Alegre and 1975 Radio France competitions, won the Premio Andr\u00e9s Segovia in 1975 and debuted in New York in 1977. After his 1983 London debut, Fern\u00e1ndez was signed by Decca Records. His textbook has been published in English as Technique, Mechanism, Learning (2002).", "Q1421609": "Captain America is a 1944 Republic black-and-white serial film loosely based on the Timely Comics (today known as Marvel Comics) character Captain America. It was the last Republic serial made about a superhero. It also has the distinction of being the most expensive serial that Republic ever made. It also stands as the first theatrical release connected to a Marvel character; the next theatrical release featuring a Marvel hero would not occur for more than 40 years. It was also the last live-action rendition of a Marvel character in any media until Spider-Man appeared in the Spidey Super Stories segment of the children's TV series The Electric Company in 1974.\nThe serial sees Captain America, really District Attorney Grant Gardner, trying to thwart the plans of The Scarab, really museum curator Dr. Cyrus Maldor - especially regarding his attempts to acquire the \"Dynamic Vibrator\" and \"Electronic Firebolt\", devices that could be used as super-weapons.\nIn a rare plot element for Republic, the secret identity of the villain is known to the audience from the beginning, if not to the characters in the serial. The studio's usual approach was the use of a mystery villain who was unmasked as one of the other supporting characters only in the final chapter.", "Q335144": "How to rob a bank is an American independent film, with as its subtitle: And 10 Tips To Actually Get Away With It. It finished filming in March 2006 and premiered May 20, 2007 at the Cannes Film Market. It was shown at the Los Angeles Film Festival on June 25, 2007. It opened in limited release in the United States on February 6, 2008. The film is about a man who gets caught in the middle of a bank robbery, ending up in the vault with one of the robbers he then treats as a hostage. After grossing $1,006 in the domestic market, the film was released on DVD on September 2, 2008. The film makes many references to the famous British pop band Duran Duran.\n\n", "Q231450": "Rebecca Leigh Mader (born 24 April 1977) is an English actress, best known for her roles as Charlotte Lewis in the ABC series Lost, and as Zelena, the Wicked Witch of the West, on ABC's Once Upon a Time.", "Q114126": "Roland Reber (born August 11, 1954 in Ludwigshafen) is a German director, author and producer.\n\n", "Q18094": "Honolulu (; Hawaiian: [hono\u02c8lulu]) is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is an unincorporated part of and the county seat of the City and County of Honolulu along the southeast coast of the island of O\u02bbahu. The city is the main gateway to Hawai\u02bbi and a major portal into the United States. The city is also a major hub for international business and military defense, as well as being host to a diverse variety of east\u2013west and Pacific cultures, cuisine, and traditions.\nHonolulu is the westernmost and southernmost major U.S. city. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau recognizes the approximate area commonly referred to as \"City of Honolulu\" (not to be confused with the \"City and County\") as a census county division (CCD). Honolulu is a major financial center of the islands and of the Pacific Ocean. The population of the Honolulu census designated place (CDP) was 359,870 as of the 2017 population estimate, while the Honolulu CCD was 390,738 and the population of the consolidated city and county was 953,207.\nHonolulu means \"sheltered harbor\" or \"calm port\" in Hawaiian. The old name is Kou, a district roughly encompassing the area from Nu\u02bbuanu Avenue to Alakea Street and from Hotel Street to Queen Street which is the heart of the present downtown district. The city has been the capital of the Hawaiian Islands since 1845 and gained historical recognition following the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan near the city on December 7, 1941.\nAs of 2015, Honolulu was ranked high on world livability rankings, and was also ranked as the 2nd safest city in the U.S. It is also the most populated Oceanian city outside Australasia and ranks second to Auckland as the most-populous city in Polynesia.", "Q432302": "George Winston (b. December 26, 1949) is an American pianist who was born in Michigan and grew up mainly in Montana (Miles City and Billings), as well as Mississippi and Florida. He is best known for his solo piano recordings; several of his albums from the early 1980s have sold millions of copies each. He plays in three styles: the melodic approach he developed that he calls \"rural folk piano\"; stride piano, primarily inspired by Thomas \"Fats\" Waller and Teddy Wilson; and his primary interest, New Orleans R&B piano, influenced by James Booker, Professor Longhair, and Henry Butler.", "Q67898": "N\u00fcrensdorf is a municipality in the district of B\u00fclach in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q237021": "Mar\u00eda Bel\u00e9n Rueda Garc\u00eda-Porrero (born 16 March 1965) is a Spanish actress. She is best known for her roles as Luc\u00eda in the TV series Los Serrano; as Julia in The Sea Inside, for which she won a Goya Award; and as Laura in The Orphanage, for which she received another Goya Award nomination. Most recently she played the lead role in the movie Julia's Eyes.", "Q302930": "Aaron Yoo (born May 12, 1979) is a Korean American actor. He is best known for appearing in the films Disturbia (2007), 21 (2008) and Friday the 13th (2009) as well as playing Russell Kwon in the sci-fi series The Tomorrow People (2013\u201314).", "Q858": "Syria (Arabic: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u200e, romanized: S\u016briy\u0101), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u200e, romanized: al-Jumh\u016br\u012byah al-\u02bbArab\u012byah as-S\u016br\u012byah), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon to the southwest, the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest. A country of fertile plains, high mountains, and deserts, Syria is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Syrian Arabs, Kurds, Turkemens, Assyrians, Armenians, Circassians, Mandeans and Greeks. Religious groups include Sunnis, Christians, Alawites, Druze, Isma'ilis, Mandeans, Shiites, Salafis, Yazidis, and Jews. Arabs are the largest ethnic group, and Sunnis the largest religious group.\nSyria is a unitary republic consisting of 14 governorates and is the only country that politically espouses Ba'athism. It is a member of one international organization other than the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement; it was suspended from the Arab League in November 2011 and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and self-suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean.The name \"Syria\" historically referred to a wider region, broadly synonymous with the Levant, and known in Arabic as al-Sham. The modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires, including the Eblan civilization of the 3rd millennium BC. Aleppo and the capital city Damascus are among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. In the Islamic era, Damascus was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established in the mid-20th century after centuries of Ottoman and a brief period French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Syrian provinces. It gained de jure independence as a parliamentary republic on 24 October 1945, when the Republic of Syria became a founding member of the United Nations, an act which legally ended the former French Mandate, although French troops did not leave the country until April 1946. The post-independence period was tumultuous, with many military coups and coup attempts shaking the country from 1949 to 1971. In 1958, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt called the United Arab Republic, which was terminated by the 1961 Syrian coup d'\u00e9tat. The republic was renamed as the Arab Republic of Syria in late 1961 after the December 1 constitutional referendum of that year, and was increasingly unstable until the 1963 Ba'athist coup d'\u00e9tat, since which the Ba'ath Party has maintained its power. Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011, effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens.\nBashar al-Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al-Assad, who was in office from 1971 to 2000. Throughout his rule, Syria and the ruling Ba'ath Party have been condemned and criticized for human rights abuses, frequent executions of citizens and political prisoners, and massive censorship.Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in an armed conflict, with a number of countries in the region and beyond involved militarily or otherwise. As a result, a number of self-proclaimed political entities have emerged on Syrian territory, including the Syrian opposition, Rojava, Tahrir al-Sham and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Syria was ranked last on the Global Peace Index from 2016 to 2018, making it the most violent country in the world due to the war. The conflict has killed more than 570,000 people, caused 7.6 million internally displaced people (July 2015 UNHCR estimate) and over 5 million refugees (July 2017 registered by UNHCR), making population assessment difficult in recent years.\n\n", "Q5690": "Sparta (Doric Greek: \u03a3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1, Sp\u00e1rt\u0101; Attic Greek: \u03a3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7, Sp\u00e1rt\u0113) was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece. In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (\u039b\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd, Lakeda\u00edm\u014dn), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. Around 650 BC, it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece.\nGiven its military pre-eminence, Sparta was recognized as the leading force of the unified Greek military during the Greco-Persian Wars, in rivalry with the rising naval power of Athens. Sparta was the principal enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War (between 431 and 404 BC), from which it emerged victorious. The defeat by Thebes in the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC ended Sparta's prominent role, though it maintained its political independence until the Roman conquest of Greece in 146 BC. It then underwent a long period of decline, especially in the Middle Ages, when many Spartans moved to Mystras. Modern Sparta is the capital of the Greek region of Laconia and a center for processing citrus and olives.\nSparta was unique in ancient Greece for its social system and constitution introduced by the almost mythical figure of Lycurgus. He configured the entire society in order to maximize military proficiency at all costs, focusing all social institutions on military training and physical development. Its inhabitants were classified as Spartiates (Spartan citizens with full rights), mothakes (non-Spartan free men raised as Spartans), perioikoi (free residents engaged in commerce), and helots (state-owned serfs, enslaved non-Spartan local population). Spartiates underwent the rigorous agoge training and education regimen, and Spartan phalanx brigades were widely considered to be among the best in battle. Spartan women enjoyed considerably more rights and equality with men than elsewhere in classical antiquity.\n\nSparta was the subject of fascination in its own day, as well as in Western culture following the revival of classical learning. The admiration of Sparta is known as Laconism or Laconophilia. Bertrand Russell wrote:Sparta had a double effect on Greek thought: through the reality, and through the myth.... The reality enabled the Spartans to defeat Athens in war; the myth influenced Plato's political theory, and that of countless subsequent writers.... [The] ideals that it favors had a great part in framing the doctrines of Rousseau, Nietzsche, and National Socialism.", "Q271712": "Ida Minerva Tarbell (November 5, 1857 \u2013 January 6, 1944) was an American writer, investigative journalist, biographer and lecturer. She was one of the leading muckrakers of the Progressive Era of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and pioneered investigative journalism. Born in Pennsylvania at the onset of the oil boom, Tarbell is best known for her 1904 book, The History of the Standard Oil Company. The book was published as a series of articles in McClure's Magazine from 1902 to 1904. It has been called a \"masterpiece of investigative journalism\", by historian J. North Conway, as well as \"the single most influential book on business ever published in the United States\" by historian Daniel Yergin. The work would contribute to the dissolution of the Standard Oil monopoly and helped usher in the Hepburn Act of 1906, the Mann-Elkins Act, the creation of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Clayton Antitrust Act. \nTarbell also wrote several biographies over the course of her career which spanned 64 years. She wrote biographies on Madame Roland and Napoleon. Tarbell believed that \"the Truth and motivations of powerful human beings could be discovered.\" That Truth, she became convinced, could be conveyed in such a way as \"to precipitate meaningful social change.\" She wrote numerous books and works on Abraham Lincoln including ones that focused on his early life and career. After her expos\u00e9 on Standard Oil and character study of John D. Rockefeller, she wrote biographies on businessmen Elbert Henry Gary, chairman of U.S. Steel, as well as Owen D. Young, president of General Electric.\nA prolific writer and lecturer, Tarbell was known for taking complex subjects\u2014the oil industry, tariffs, labor practices\u2014and breaking them down into informative and easy to understand articles. Her articles drove circulation at McClure\u2019s Magazine and The American Magazine and many of her books were popular with the general American public. After a successful career as both writer and editor for McClure\u2019s Magazine, Tarbell left with several other editors to buy and publish The American Magazine. Tarbell also traveled to all then 48 states on the lecture circuit and spoke on subjects including the evils of war, world peace, American politics, trusts, tariffs, labor practices, and women's issues.\nTarbell took part in professional organizations and served on two Presidential committees. She helped form the Authors\u2019 League (now the Author's Guild) and was President of the Pen and Brush Club for 30 years. During World War I, she served on President Woodrow Wilson's Women's Committee on the Council of National Defense. After the war, Tarbell served on President Warren G. Harding's 1921 Unemployment Conference.\nTarbell, who never married, is often considered a feminist by her actions, although she was critical of the women's suffrage movement.", "Q3376367": "Pete Cashmore (born 18 September 1985) is the founder and former CEO of the popular blog Mashable, a Technorati Top 10 blog worldwide. He grew up in Banchory and founded Mashable in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 2005 when he was 19.In 2009, Cashmore was recognized in Inc.'s \"30 Under 30\", Forbes' \"Top 25 Web Celebs\", and The Huffington Post's \"Top 10 Game Changers 2009\". Cashmore was also named the most influential Briton and most influential Twitter user in the world in 2009 by INQ.Cashmore previously wrote a weekly column on technology and social media for CNN. In 2012, Cashmore made Time magazine's list of the 100 most influential people.In 2017, Mashable was sold to Ziff Davis for 50 million dollars, and over 50 staff members were laid off.In November of 2018, after his social media profiles were edited to include \"Now: Taking some time off and working on something new,\" it was announced that Cashmore would be leaving Mashable at the end of the year. The general manager of Ziff Davis Tech (Mashable's parent company), Mike Finnerty, confirmed this.", "Q102022": "Alwin Schultz (6 August 1838 \u2013 10 March 1909) was a German art historian and medievalist, professor of art history at the Charles University in Prague.", "Q38422": "Bagyidaw (Burmese: \u1018\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a, pronounced [ba\u0330d\u0291\u00edd\u0254\u0300]; also known as Sagaing Min, [z\u0259\u0261\u00e1i\u0270\u0303 m\u026a\u0301\u0270\u0303]; 23 July 1784 \u2013 15 October 1846) was the seventh king of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma from 1819 until his abdication in 1837. Prince of Sagaing, as he was commonly known in his day, was selected as crown prince by his grandfather King Bodawpaya in 1808, and became king in 1819 after Bodawpaya's death. Bagyidaw moved the capital from Amarapura back to Ava in 1823.Bagyidaw's reign saw the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824\u20131826), which marked the beginning of the decline of the Konbaung dynasty. Bagyidaw inherited the largest Burmese empire, second only to King Bayinnaung's, but also one that shared ill-defined borders with British India. In the years leading to the war, the king had been forced to suppress British supported rebellions in his grandfather's western acquisitions (Arakan, Manipur and Assam), but unable to stem cross border raids from British territories and protectorates. His ill-advised decision to allow the Burmese army to pursue the rebels along the vaguely defined borders led to the war. The longest and most expensive war in British Indian history ended decisively in British favor, and the Burmese had to accept British terms without discussion. Bagyidaw was forced to cede all of his grandfather's western acquisitions, and Tenasserim to the British, and pay a large indemnity of one million pounds sterling, leaving the country crippled for years.\nDevastated, Bagyidaw held out hope for some years that Tenasserim would be returned to him, and paid the balance of indemnity in 1832 at great sacrifice. The British redrew the border with Manipur in 1830, but by 1833, it was clear the British would not return any of the former territories. The king became a recluse, and power devolved to his queen Nanmadaw Me Nu (born in Pha Lan Gon) and her brother. His brother Crown Prince Tharrawaddy raised a rebellion in February 1837, and Bagyidaw was forced to abdicate the throne in April 1837. King Tharrawaddy executed Queen Me Nu and her brother but placed his brother under house arrest. Bagyidaw died on 15 October 1846, at age 62.", "Q4894597": "Bernt Krebs (born in Gotha, Germany) is a German scientist. He is conducting research at the Faculty of Chemistry, University of M\u00fcnster.", "Q228667": "99 Francs is a 2007 film by the French director Jan Kounen based on the novel of the same name by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Beigbeder written by Nicolas & Bruno. It stars Jean Dujardin.", "Q547951": "The Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft (German United Services Trade Union), which is known as Verdi for short and writes its name as \"ver.di\", pronounced [\u02c8v\u025b\u0281di\u02d0], is a German trade union based in Berlin, Germany. It was established in the year 2001 as the result of a merger of five individual unions and is a member of the German Trade Union Confederation (DGB). With around two million members, Verdi is the second largest German trade union after IG Metall. It currently employs around 3000 members of staff in Germany and has an annual income of approximately 454 million Euros obtained from membership subscriptions. The trade union is divided into 10 federal state districts and 13 divisions and is managed by a National Executive Board (Bundesvorstand) with 14 members. Frank Bsirske has been the chairman of Verdi ever since it was first founded until September 2019.", "Q314834": "Robert Francis Vaughn (November 22, 1932 \u2013 November 11, 2016) was an American actor noted for his stage, film and television work. His best-known television roles include suave spy Napoleon Solo in the 1960s series The Man from U.N.C.L.E.; wealthy detective Harry Rule in the 1970s series The Protectors; Morgan Wendell in the 1978\u201379 mini series Centennial; formidable General Hunt Stockwell in the fifth season of the 1980s series The A-Team; and grifter and card sharp Albert Stroller in the British television drama series Hustle (2004\u20132012), for all but one of its 48 episodes. He also appeared in the British soap opera Coronation Street as Milton Fanshaw, a love interest for Sylvia Goodwin between January and February 2012.In film, he portrayed quiet, skittish gunman Lee in The Magnificent Seven, Major Paul Krueger in The Bridge at Remagen, the voice of Proteus IV, the computer villain of Demon Seed, Walter Chalmers in Bullitt, Ross Webster in Superman III, General Woodbridge in The Delta Force, and war veteran Chester A. Gwynn in The Young Philadelphians, which earned him a 1960 Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q4718836": "Thomas Alexander Fermor-Hesketh, 3rd Baron Hesketh, Bt, KBE, PC (born 28 October 1950), is a British peer and UK Independence Party politician.", "Q77335": "Archduchess Regina, Crown Princess of Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia (6 January 1925 \u2013 3 February 2010) n\u00e9e Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen (Regina Helene Elizabeth Margarete Prinzessin von Sachsen-Meiningen) was a member of the House of Wettin.", "Q78006": "Dieter \"Didi\" Hallervorden (born 5 September 1935) is a German comedian, actor, singer and cabaret artist.", "Q267170": "Meredith Jane Monk (born November 20, 1942) is an American composer, performer, director, vocalist, filmmaker, and choreographer.", "Q156473": "Ferenc Sz\u00e1lasi (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8f\u025br\u025bnt\u0361s \u02c8sa\u02d0l\u0252\u0283i]; 6 January 1897 \u2013 12 March 1946) was the leader of the Arrow Cross Party \u2013 Hungarist Movement, the \"Leader of the Nation\" (Nemzetvezet\u0151), being both Head of State and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary's \"Government of National Unity\" (Nemzeti \u00d6sszefog\u00e1s Korm\u00e1nya) for the final six months of Hungary's participation in World War II, after Germany occupied Hungary and removed Mikl\u00f3s Horthy by force. During his brief rule, Sz\u00e1lasi's men murdered 10,000\u201315,000 Jews. After the war, he was tried and executed by the Hungarian court for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during World War II.", "Q108269": "Carsten Schatz (born 10 January 1970) is a historian and a member of the Left Party in Germany.\nHe lives in Berlin, and joined the Socialist Unity Party in 1988. He has been the local manager of the Left Party in Berlin since 2001, and a member of the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin, the state parliament of Berlin, since 2013.He is out as gay, and is the first openly HIV-positive person to hold political office in Germany.\n\n", "Q2851223": "Anne O'Shiell (20 November 1720, Nantes \u2013 30 June 1793, Nantes) was a French businesswoman. She managed the major slave trade firm Grou et Michel in Nantes from 1774 to 1793, which at that time was one of the most successful companies of its kind, making her a millionaire. \nAnne O'Shiell was the daughter of the Irish Jacobite exile and successful slave trade merchant Luc O'Shiell (1677\u20131745) and Agn\u00e8s Vanasse, and the sister of Mary O'Shiell and Agn\u00e8s O'Shiell. Her family and their manor Manoir de la Placeli\u00e8re were the center of the Irish of Nantes, and the manor was known as a gathering place for Jacobites. In 1741 she married the millionaire slave trader Guillaume Grou (16981774). When her father died in 1745, she and her sisters Agnes and Mary inherited the Manoir de la Placeli\u00e8re, which was bought by Anne and her spouse in 1747. In 1755, her birth family was recognized as nobility by the French crown. Anne had no children, and when she was widowed in 1774, she inherited a vast fortune and one of the biggest companies in Nantes, at that time a major port in the international slave trade. During the French Revolution, the slave trade was abolished. \nShe died in June 1793, during the Battle of Nantes. In November 1793, her fortune was confiscated by the revolutionary government.", "Q483907": "Thomas Jacob \"Jack\" Black (born August 28, 1969) is an American actor, comedian, singer, musician, songwriter, and YouTube personality. He is known for his roles in films such as High Fidelity (2000), Shallow Hal (2001), School of Rock (2003), King Kong (2005), Tenacious D in the Pick of Destiny (2006), The Holiday (2006), the Kung Fu Panda franchise (2008\u20132016), Tropic Thunder (2008), Gulliver's Travels (2010), Bernie (2011), Goosebumps (2015), Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017) and its sequel, Jumanji: The Next Level (2019). For his work in School of Rock and Bernie, he gained Golden Globe nominations. He was inducted into Hollywood's Walk of Fame in 2018.\nOutside of acting, Black is the lead vocalist of the Grammy Award-winning comedic rock duo Tenacious D, which he formed in 1994 with Kyle Gass. They have released the albums Tenacious D, The Pick of Destiny, Rize of the Fenix, and Post-Apocalypto. In December 2018, Black launched his YouTube channel Jablinski Games.", "Q15206450": "An engineer's degree is an advanced academic degree in engineering that is conferred in Europe, some countries of Latin America, North Africa and a few institutions in the United States. In the United States, the engineer's degree is at a more advanced level than a standard US master's degree. It may include a graduate thesis and dissertation at the level of the doctorates such as the Ph.D.", "Q100635": "J\u00fcrgen Brandt (19 October 1922 \u2013 26 July 2003) was a German general and Chief of Federal Armed Forces Staff from 1978 until 1983.", "Q562521": "Nathaniel Read Silver (born January 13, 1978) is an American statistician and writer who analyzes baseball (see sabermetrics) and elections (see psephology). He is the founder and editor-in-chief of FiveThirtyEight and a Special Correspondent for ABC News.\nSilver first gained public recognition for developing PECOTA, a system for forecasting the performance and career development of Major League Baseball players, which he sold to and then managed for Baseball Prospectus from 2003 to 2009.Silver was named one of The World's 100 Most Influential People by Time in 2009 after an election forecasting system he developed successfully predicted the outcomes in 49 of the 50 states in the 2008 U.S. Presidential election. In the 2012 United States presidential election, the forecasting system correctly predicted the winner of all 50 states and the District of Columbia.In 2010, the FiveThirtyEight blog was licensed for publication by The New York Times. In 2012 and 2013, FiveThirtyEight won Webby Awards as the \"Best Political Blog\" from the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences.\nIn July 2013, Silver sold FiveThirtyEight to ESPN, and Silver became its Editor in Chief. The ESPN-owned FiveThirtyEight launched on March 17, 2014. The site focused on a broad range of subjects under the rubric of \"data journalism\".Silver's book, The Signal and the Noise, was published in September 2012. It subsequently reached The New York Times best seller list for nonfiction, and was named by Amazon.com as the No. 1 best nonfiction book of 2012. The Signal and the Noise won the 2013 Phi Beta Kappa Award in Science. The book has been translated into eleven languages: Chinese (separate editions in traditional and simplified characters), Czech, Finnish, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, and Spanish.\nHaving earned a bachelor's degree from The University of Chicago in 2000, Silver has since been awarded six honorary doctoral degrees: from Ripon College (2013), The New School (2013), The University of Leuven (2013), Amherst College (2014), Georgetown University (2017), and Kenyon College (2018).", "Q330982": "The Beyond (Italian: ...E tu vivrai nel terrore! L'aldil\u00e0, lit. \"... And you will live in terror! The afterlife) is a 1981 Italian Southern Gothic supernatural horror film directed by Lucio Fulci, and starring Catriona MacColl and David Warbeck. Its plot follows a woman who inherits a hotel in rural Louisiana that was once the site of a horrific murder, and which may be a gateway to hell. It is the second film in Fulci's \"Gates of Hell\" trilogy after City of the Living Dead (1980), and was followed by The House by the Cemetery (1981).Filmed on location in and around New Orleans in late 1980 with assistance from the Louisiana Film Commission, additional photography took place at De Paolis Studios in Rome. Released theatrically in Italy in the spring of 1981, The Beyond did not see a North American release until late 1983 through Aquarius Releasing, who released an alternate version of the film titled 7 Doors of Death; this version featured an entirely different musical score and ran several minutes shorter than Fulci's original cut. The original version of the film saw its first United States release in September 1998 through a distribution partnership between Rolling Thunder Pictures, Grindhouse Releasing and Cowboy Booking International.\nFollowing its release, reception of The Beyond was polarized. Contemporary and retrospective critics have praised the film for its surrealistic qualities, special effects, musical score and cinematography, but note its narrative inconsistencies; horror filmmakers and surrealists have interpreted these inconsistencies as intentionally disorienting, supplementing the atmospheric tone and direction. The Beyond is ranked among Fulci's most celebrated films, and has gained an international cult following over the ensuing decades.", "Q184535": "Sofya Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u0444\u044c\u044f \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f), born Sofya Vasilyevna Korvin-Krukovskaya (15 January [O.S. 3 January] 1850 \u2013 10 February 1891), was a Russian mathematician who made noteworthy contributions to analysis, partial differential equations and mechanics. She was a pioneer for women in mathematics around the world \u2013 the first woman to obtain a doctorate (in the modern sense) in mathematics, the first woman appointed to a full professorship in Northern Europe and one of the first women to work for a scientific journal as an editor. According to historian of science Ann Hibner Koblitz, Kovalevskaia was \"the greatest known woman scientist before the twentieth century\".Historian of mathematics Roger Cooke writes:\n\n... the more I reflect on her life and consider the magnitude of her achievements, set against the weight of the obstacles she had to overcome, the more I admire her. For me she has taken on a heroic stature achieved by very few other people in history. To venture, as she did, into academia, a world almost no woman had yet explored, and to be consequently the object of curious scrutiny, while a doubting society looked on, half-expecting her to fail, took tremendous courage and determination. To achieve, as she did, at least two major results of lasting value to scholarship, is evidence of a considerable talent, developed through iron discipline.\n\nHer sister was the socialist Anne Jaclard.\nThere are several alternative transliterations of her name. She herself used Sophie Kowalevski (or occasionally Kowalevsky) in her academic publications.", "Q159998": "The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family that plays music written in the bass and tenor clefs, and occasionally the treble. Appearing in its modern form in the 19th century, the bassoon figures prominently in orchestral, concert band, and chamber music literature. It is known for its distinctive tone colour, wide range, variety of character, and agility. The modern bassoon exists in two forms; Buffet (or French) and Heckel (or German) systems. One who plays a bassoon of either system is called a bassoonist.", "Q34218": "Burlington is a city in the Regional Municipality of Halton at the northwestern end of Lake Ontario in Ontario, Canada. Along with Milton to the north, Burlington forms the west end of the Greater Toronto Area, and is also part of the Hamilton metropolitan census area. Burlington lies between Lake Ontario's north shore and the Niagara Escarpment.", "Q461982": "Jennifer Larmore (born June 21, 1958) is an American mezzo-soprano opera singer, particularly noted for her performances in coloratura and bel canto roles which she has performed in the world's major opera houses.", "Q119364": "Herbert L\u00fcthy (1918-2002) was a Swiss historian and journalist. His book France Against Herself, published in the mid-1950s, criticized French traditionalism.", "Q704608": "Turks in Germany, also referred to as German Turks and Turkish Germans, (German: T\u00fcrken in Deutschland / Deutsch-T\u00fcrken; Turkish: Almanya'da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler / Almanya T\u00fcrkleri) refers to ethnic Turkish people living in Germany. These terms are also used to refer to German-born individuals who are of full or partial Turkish ancestry. Whilst the majority of Turks arrived or originate from Turkey, there are also significant ethnic Turkish communities living in Germany who come from (or descend from) Southeastern Europe (such as Greece, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania), Cyprus, and more recently as refugees from Syria and Iraq. Turkish people form the largest ethnic minority in Germany. They also form the second largest Turkish population in the world, after Turkey.\nTurks who immigrated to Germany brought cultural elements with them, including the Turkish language and Islam. These cultural values are often passed down to their children and descendants, but German Turks are also increasingly secular. Moreover, greater German society has also been exposed to Turkish culture, particularly in regards to Turkish food and the arts. These changes in Germany, as well as the recently introduced German nationality laws in 1990 and 1999, show that Turkish immigrants and second-, third-, and fourth-generation Turks are no longer merely seen as \"foreigners\" (\"Ausl\u00e4nder\") in Germany but rather permanent residents who are increasingly making their voices heard, whether it be in local and national politics, civic actions, religious organisations, or in cinema, literature, music, and sports.", "Q2261240": "William Hume-Rothery OBE FRS (15 May 1899 \u2013 27 September 1968) was an English metallurgist and materials scientist who studied the constitution of alloys.", "Q106244": "Heinrich August Meissner (German: Heinrich August Mei\u00dfner, January 3, 1862 \u2013 January 14, 1940) was a German engineer who was largely responsible for the railway network in the Ottoman Empire, and later helped manage the network in Turkey. He attained the title of pasha in the empire.", "Q327226": "Will Sanderson (born May 26, 1980) is a Canadian television and film actor.\nHe is known for having a long relationship with director Uwe Boll, having appeared in most of his video game-based movies, such as House of the Dead, Alone in the Dark, BloodRayne and In the Name of the King.\nIn 2007, he played the leading role in Uwe Boll's horror movie Seed, alongside Michael Par\u00e9 and Ralf M\u00f6ller.\nHe is now an attending Emergency Medicine physician, medical educator, and podcaster.", "Q291180": "Mansfield Park is a 1999 British romantic comedy-drama film based on Jane Austen's novel of the same name, written and directed by Patricia Rozema. The film departs from the original novel in several respects. For example, the life of Jane Austen is incorporated into the film, as are the issues of slavery and plantation life. The majority of the film was made at Kirby Hall in Northamptonshire.", "Q395494": "John Benjamin Ireland (January 30, 1914 \u2013 March 21, 1992) was a Canadian-American actor and film director. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his performance in All the King's Men (1949), making him the first Vancouver-born actor to receive an Oscar nomination.Ireland was a supporting actor in several Western films such as My Darling Clementine (1946), Red River (1948), Vengeance Valley (1951), and Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957). His other film roles include 55 Days at Peking (1963), The Adventurers (1970), and Farewell, My Lovely (1975).\nIreland also appeared in many television series, notably The Cheaters (1960\u201362). He was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to the television industry.", "Q378736": "Dracula and Son (French: Dracula p\u00e8re et fils) is a 1976 French comedy and horror film directed and written by Edouard Molinaro. The film is about a vampire father and son. Christopher Lee reprises his role as Count Dracula from the Hammer Productions Dracula film series.", "Q110432": "Pierre Franckh (born 1 May 1953 in Heilbronn, Germany) is a German television actor, director and writer.", "Q331450": "Talvin Singh, OBE (born 1970 in London, England), is a producer and composer and tabla player, known for creating an innovative fusion of Indian classical music and drum and bass. Singh is generally considered involved with an electronica subgenre called Asian Underground, and more recently as Indian and/or Asian electronica.\nAfter collaborating with Siouxsie and the Banshees and Bj\u00f6rk in the early 1990s, Singh released his debut album Ok which received the Mercury Music Prize in 1999.Singh has since collaborated with a variety of acts including Madonna and Massive Attack.", "Q368525": "Carl Gustav Verbraeken (born 18 September 1950 in Wilrijk, Belgium) is a Belgian composer.\nVerbraeken studied at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels. He wrote more than 1000 works, including piano music, chamber music and orchestral works. Since 2011, he is president of the Union of Belgian Composers.", "Q440958": "Isabella Ragonese (born 19 May 1981) is an Italian actress.\nShe studied acting at the Teat\u00e8s School in Palermo, under director Michele Perriera. During her studies, she wrote, directed and starred in several adaptations of his plays. In 1998 she won the first prize at INDA (National Institute for Ancient Drama), with a short essay on the figure of Hecuba. She graduated in 2000 with a diploma in acting.\nShe starred in her first film Nuovomondo in 2006, directed by Emanuele Crialese.\nShe is engaged to Samuel Umberto Romano, lead singer of the group Subsonica.", "Q225357": "Hryhoriy Surkis (Ukrainian: \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0421\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0441; born 4 September 1949 in Odessa) is a Ukrainian businessman, one of five vice-presidents of UEFA since 24 May 2013. Surkis was the president of Football Federation of Ukraine till September 2012.", "Q983342": "Cornelis Lely (Dutch pronunciation: [k\u0254r\u02c8ne\u02d0l\u026as \u02c8le\u02d0li]; 23 September 1854 \u2013 22 January 1929) was a Dutch politician of the Liberal Union (LU) and civil engineer. He oversaw the passage of an act of parliament authorising construction of the Zuiderzee Works, a huge project \u2013 designed to his own plans \u2013 that turned the Zuiderzee into a lake and made possible the conversion of a vast area of former seabed into dry land.", "Q1472245": "The Bauman Moscow State Technical University, BMSTU (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c. \u041d. \u042d. \u0411\u0430\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 (\u041c\u0413\u0422\u0423 \u0438\u043c. \u041d. \u042d. \u0411\u0430\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430)), sometimes colloquially referred to as the Bauman School or Baumanka (Russian: \u0411\u0430\u0301\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430) is a public technical university (Polytechnic) located in Moscow, Russia. Bauman University is the oldest and largest Russian technical university offering B.S., M.S. and PhD degrees in various engineering fields and applied sciences.", "Q72259": "Portsmouth ( (listen)) is a port city in Hampshire, England, with a total population of 205,400 residents. The city of Portsmouth is nicknamed Pompey and is mainly built on Portsea Island, a flat, low-lying island measuring 24 square kilometres (9 sq mi) in area, just off the south-east coast of Hampshire. Portsmouth is the only island city in the United Kingdom, and is the only city whose population density exceeds that of London.Portsmouth is located 70 miles (110 km) south-west of London and 19 miles (31 km) south-east of Southampton. With the surrounding towns of Gosport, Fareham, Havant and Waterlooville, Portsmouth forms the eastern half of the South Hampshire metropolitan area, which includes Southampton and Eastleigh in the western half.\nPortsmouth's history can be traced back to Roman times. A significant naval port for centuries, Portsmouth has the world's oldest dry dock. In the sixteenth century, Portsmouth was England's first line of defence during the French invasion of 1545. By the early nineteenth century, the world's first mass production line was set up in Portsmouth Dockyard's Block Mills, making it the most industrialised site in the world and birthplace of the Industrial Revolution. Portsmouth was also the most heavily fortified town in the world, and was considered \"the world's greatest naval port\" at the height of the British Empire throughout Pax Britannica. Defences known as the Palmerston Forts were built around Portsmouth in 1859 in anticipation of another invasion from continental Europe.\nIn 1926, Portsmouth was officially elevated in status from a town to a city. The motto \"Heaven's Light Our Guide\", a reference to the city's eight-pointed star and crescent moon emblem, was registered to the City of Portsmouth in 1929. During the Second World War, the city of Portsmouth was bombed extensively in the Portsmouth Blitz, which resulted in the deaths of 930 people. In 1944, Portsmouth was the pivotal embarkation point for the D-Day landings of 6 June 1944. In 1982, a large proportion of the task force dispatched to liberate the Falkland Islands deployed from the city's naval base. Her Majesty's Yacht Britannia left the city to oversee the transfer of Hong Kong in 1997, which marked for many the end of the empire. In 1997, Portsmouth became a Unitary Authority, with Portsmouth City Council gaining powers of a non-metropolitan county and district council combined, responsibilities previously held by Hampshire County Council.\nPortsmouth is one of the world's best known ports. HMNB Portsmouth is considered to be the home of the Royal Navy and is home to two-thirds of the UK's surface fleet. The city is home to some famous ships, including HMS Warrior, the Tudor carrack Mary Rose and Horatio Nelson's flagship, HMS Victory (the world's oldest naval ship still in commission). The former HMS Vernon naval shore establishment has been redeveloped as a retail park known as Gunwharf Quays. Portsmouth is among the few British cities with two cathedrals: the Anglican Cathedral of St Thomas and the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St John the Evangelist. The waterfront and Portsmouth Harbour are dominated by the Spinnaker Tower, one of the United Kingdom's tallest structures at 170 metres (560 ft). Southsea, an area in Portsmouth, is a seaside resort with an amusement arcade on Clarence Pier and a medieval castle.Portsmouth F.C., the city's professional football club, play their home games at Fratton Park in the Milton area of the city, near Fratton railway station. Portsmouth has several mainline railway stations that connect to Brighton, Cardiff, London Victoria and London Waterloo amongst other lines in southern England. Portsmouth International Port is a commercial cruise ship and ferry port for international destinations. The port is the second busiest in the United Kingdom after Dover, handling around three million passengers a year. The city formerly had its own airport, Portsmouth Airport, until its closure in 1973. The University of Portsmouth enrols 23,000 students and is ranked among the world's best modern universities. Portsmouth is also the birthplace of author Charles Dickens, engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel and former Prime Minister James Callaghan.", "Q338312": "Peter Michael Mosely (born June 6, 1980) is an American rock musician. He is one of the two guitarists and vocalists and the pianist for the American punk rock band Inspection 12, as well as the former bassist for the American pop punk band Yellowcard.", "Q202930": "Reggaeton (UK: , US: ), also known as reggaet\u00f3n and reguet\u00f3n (Spanish: [re\u0263e\u02c8ton]), is a music style which originated in Puerto Rico during the late 1990s. It has evolved from dancehall and influenced by American hip hop, Latin American, and Caribbean music. Vocals include rapping and singing, typically in Spanish.\nReggaeton is regarded as one of the most popular music genres in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, in countries including Puerto Rico, Panama, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Colombia, and Venezuela. Over the past decade, the genre has seen increased popularity across Latin America, as well as acceptance within mainstream Western music.", "Q361267": "John Robson (14 March 1824 \u2013 29 June 1892) was a Canadian journalist and politician, who served as the ninth Premier of the Province of British Columbia.", "Q440780": "Ewa Da Cruz (born Ewa Benedicte \u00d6vre Skulstad; July 9, 1976) also known as Ewa Skulstad or Ewa Benedicte \u00d6vre Skulstad, is a Norwegian-American television, soap opera and film actress. Da Cruz is best known for her portrayal of the high-roller heiress Vienna Hyatt on As the World Turns, CBS.", "Q87978": "Erich B\u00f6hme (8 February 1930 \u2013 27 November 2009) was a German journalist and television presenter.", "Q613412": "Edward Claude Cassidy (May 4, 1923 \u2013 December 6, 2012) was an American jazz and rock drummer who was one of the founders of the rock group Spirit in 1967.", "Q271706": "Iva Bittov\u00e1 (born 22 July 1958) is a Czech avant-garde violinist, singer, and composer. She began her career as an actor in the mid-1970s, appearing in several Czech feature films, but switched to playing violin and singing in the early 1980s. She started recording in 1986 and by 1990 her unique vocal and instrumental technique gained her international recognition. Since then, she has performed regularly throughout Europe, the United States and Japan, and has released over eight solo albums.\nIn addition to her musical career, Bittov\u00e1 has continued acting and still occasionally appears in feature films. In 2003 she played the part of Zena in \u017delary, a film nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 2004 Academy Awards.", "Q5684": "Babylon was the capital city of Babylonia, a kingdom in ancient Mesopotamia, between the 18th and 6th centuries BC. It was built along the left and right banks of the Euphrates river with steep embankments to contain the river's seasonal floods. Babylon was originally a small Akkadian town dating from the period of the Akkadian Empire c.\u20092300 BC.\nThe town became part of a small independent city-state with the rise of the First Babylonian dynasty in the 19th century BC. The Amorite king Hammurabi created a short-lived empire in the 18th century BC. He built Babylon into a major city and declared himself its king. Southern Mesopotamia became known as Babylonia and Babylon eclipsed Nippur as its holy city. The empire waned under Hammurabi's son Samsu-iluna and Babylon spent long periods under Assyrian, Kassite and Elamite domination. After being destroyed and then rebuilt by the Assyrians, Babylon became the capital of the short-lived Neo-Babylonian Empire from 609 to 539 BC. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. After the fall of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, the city came under the rule of the Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Roman, and Sassanid empires.\nIt has been estimated that Babylon was the largest city in the world c.\u20091770 \u2013 c.\u20091670 BC, and again c.\u2009612 \u2013 c.\u2009320 BC. It was perhaps the first city to reach a population above 200,000. Estimates for the maximum extent of its area range from 890 to 900 hectares (2,200 acres).The remains of the city are in present-day Hillah, Babil Governorate, Iraq, about 85 kilometres (53 mi) south of Baghdad, comprising a large tell of broken mud-brick buildings and debris.\nThe main sources of information about Babylon\u2014excavation of the site itself, references in cuneiform texts found elsewhere in Mesopotamia, references in the Bible, descriptions in classical writing (especially by Herodotus), and second-hand descriptions (citing the work of Ctesias and Berossus)\u2014present an incomplete and sometimes contradictory picture of the ancient city, even at its peak in the sixth century BC.", "Q105759": "Rolf von Sydow (June 18, 1924 in Wiesbaden \u2013 June 16, 2019 in Berlin) was a German film director and author.\n\n", "Q539257": "Jim \"Motorhead\" Sherwood (May 8, 1942 \u2013 December 25, 2011) was an American rock musician notable for playing soprano, tenor and baritone saxophone, tambourine, vocals and vocal sound effects in Frank Zappa's Mothers of Invention. He appeared on all the albums of the original Mothers line-up and the 'posthumous' releases Burnt Weeny Sandwich and Weasels Ripped My Flesh, as well as certain subsequent Zappa albums. He also appeared in the films 200 Motels, Video from Hell and Uncle Meat.", "Q61543": "Friedrich Alfred Krupp (17 February 1854 \u2013 22 November 1902) was a German steel manufacturer of the company Krupp. He was the son of Alfred Krupp and inherited the family business when his father died in 1887. Whereas his father had largely supplied iron and steel, Friedrich shifted his company's production back to arms manufacturing. Friedrich greatly expanded Krupp and acquired the Germaniawerft in 1896 which gave him control of warship manufacturing in Germany. He oversaw the development of nickel steel, U-boats, the diesel engine, and much more. He is suspected of committing suicide in 1902 after being accused of homosexuality. His daughter Bertha inherited the company.", "Q1280288": "Charles Joseph Scarborough (; born April 9, 1963) is an American cable news host, musician, and former congressman from Florida. He is currently the co-host of Morning Joe on MSNBC with Mika Brzezinski, his spouse. He previously hosted Scarborough Country on the same network. Scarborough was previously a lawyer and a politician and served in the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2001 as a Republican for the 1st district of Florida.\nScarborough was also a visiting fellow at the Harvard Institute of Politics at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. He was named in the 2011 Time 100 as one of the most influential people in the world.", "Q102036": "Ernst Alexander August George Wichert (11 March 1831 \u2013 21 January 1902) was a German lawyer, judge, and author.", "Q227540": "S.F.W. (or So Fucking What) is a 1994 black comedy film directed by Jefery Levy. Based on a novel by Andrew Wellman, it stars Stephen Dorff, Jake Busey and Reese Witherspoon.\n\n", "Q71750": "Ludwig Devrient (15 December 1784 \u2013 30 December 1832) was a German actor, noted for his playing in the works of Shakespeare and Schiller.\n\nDevrient, who was born in Berlin, left a commercial career for the stage in 1804. He joined a travelling theatrical company, and made his first appearance on the stage at Gera as the messenger in Schiller's Braut von Messina. By the interest of Count Br\u00fchl, he appeared at Rudolstadt as Franz Moor in Schiller's Die R\u00e4uber, so successfully that he obtained a permanent engagement at the ducal theatre in Dessau, where he played until 1809. He then received a call to Breslau, where he remained for six years. Such was his success in the title-parts of several of Shakespeare's plays, that the leading actor August Wilhelm Iffland began to fear for his own reputation; yet that artist was generous enough to recommend the young actor as his only possible successor. On Iffland's death Devrient was summoned to Berlin, where he was for fifteen years the popular idol. He died there in December 1832.Ludwig Devrient was equally adept in comedy and tragedy. Falstaff, Franz Moor (in Die R\u00e4uber), Shylock, King Lear and Richard II were among his best parts. Karl von Holtei in his Reminiscences gave a graphic picture of him and the \"demoniac fascination\" of his acting. He also wrote several plays and a history of the German stage (1848\u201374) in five volumes. With his son, Otto, he published translations of Shakespeare's plays.\nDevrient was a member of a notable theatrical family, his three nephews all being actors. Karl August Devrient (1797\u20131872) was popular in heroic and character roles such as Lear, Shylock, and Faust. Another nephew, Philipp Eduard Devrient (1801\u20131877), directed the Court Theater, Dresden (1844\u201346), and the Karlsruhe Theater (1852\u201370). Gustav Emil Devrient (1803\u20131872), was the youngest and most gifted of all three nephews of Ludwig Devrient.", "Q278044": "The Vienna University of Economics and Business (German: Wirtschaftsuniversit\u00e4t Wien or WU) is the largest university focusing on business and economics in Europe and, in terms of student body, one of the largest universities in Austria. It has been ranked as one of the best business schools in Europe and received Triple accreditation (AACSB, EQUIS and AMBA).", "Q556690": "Carlo Maria Abate (10 July 1932 \u2013 29 April 2019) was an Italian auto racing driver. He was one of the best Ferrari 250 GTO specialists. Abate preferred to be addressed as \"Carlo Mario Abate\" instead of his christened name.\nAbate raced mostly for the private Italian team Scuderia Serenissima of Count Giovanni Volpi, but also for Scuderia Centro Sud, Scuderia Ferrari and the Porsche factory team. In 1959 he won the Mille Miglia with G. Balzarini.\nHe won one of the rounds of 1962 World Sportscar Championship: Troph\u00e9e d'Auvergne on 15 July 1962.In 1962 he tried participating in Formula One races, entering the 1962 Naples Grand Prix in a Porsche, finishing fourth. After crashing his Lotus 18/21 at his next race at Reims-Gueux, he withdrew his entry to his first World Championship event, the 1962 French Grand Prix, and later also entered and withdrew from 1962 German Grand Prix. He returned to the track for the 1962 Mediterranean Grand Prix, where he came third. The following year, he drove a Scuderia Centro Sud Cooper to fifth place in the 1963 Imola Grand Prix, and came third at Syracuse. After withdrawing his entry to the 1963 Italian Grand Prix, he retired from the sport at the end of the year, his greatest year, culminating with a win at the Targa Florio in a factory Porsche with Jo Bonnier.Abate later became the director of a private clinic.", "Q103328": "Pope Leo II (611 \u2013 28 June 683) was the bishop of Rome from 17 August 682 to his death. He is one of the popes of the Byzantine Papacy.", "Q68201": "Th\u00f4nex (French pronunciation: \u200b[tone]) is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. It is situated in the east of the canton and shares a border with the French town of Ambilly.", "Q77321": "Otto Ludwig (February 11, 1813 \u2013 February 25, 1865) was a German dramatist, novelist and critic born in Eisfeld in Thuringia. He was one of Germany's first modern realists and one of the most notable dramatists of the period.", "Q569460": "The Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Hanns Eisler (Hanns Eisler College or Academy of Music) in Berlin, Germany, is one of the leading music conservatories in Europe. It was established in East Berlin in 1950 as the Deutsche Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik (German College of Music) because the older Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Berlin (now the Berlin University of the Arts) was in West Berlin. After the death of one of its first professors, composer Hanns Eisler, the school was renamed in his honor in 1964. After a renovation in 2005 the conservatory is located in both Berlin's famed Gendarmenmarkt and the Neuer Marstall.\nThe Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Hanns Eisler has a variety of ensembles including chamber music, choirs, orchestras and jazz.", "Q104447": "Julia Brendler (born 26 February 1975) is a German actress.\n\n", "Q78012": "Elisabeth Kulmann (Russian: \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d/Jelissaweta Borissowna Kulman, July 17 [O.S. 7] 1808 - December 1 [O.S. November 25] 1825) was a Russian-born poet and translator who worked in Russian, German and Italian.", "Q77447": "Friedrich Wolf (23 December 1888 \u2013 5 October 1953) was a German doctor and politically engaged writer. From 1949 to 1951, he served as East Germany's first ambassador to Poland.\n\n", "Q155608": "Charlotte (Charlotte Adelgonde \u00c9lise/Elisabeth Marie Wilhelmine; 23 January 1896 \u2013 9 July 1985) reigned as Grand Duchess of Luxembourg from 1919 until her abdication in 1964.\nShe acceded to the throne on 14 January 1919 following the abdication of her sister, Marie-Ad\u00e9la\u00efde, due to political pressure over Marie-Ad\u00e9la\u00efde's role during the German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I. A referendum retained the monarchy with Charlotte as grand duchess.\nShe married Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma on 6 November 1919. They had six children. Following the 1940 German invasion of Luxembourg during World War II, Charlotte went into exile: first in France, then Portugal, Great Britain, and North America. While in Britain, she made broadcasts to the people of Luxembourg. She returned to Luxembourg in April 1945.\nShe abdicated in 1964, and was succeeded by her son Jean. Charlotte died from cancer on 9 July 1985. She was the last agnatic member of the House of Nassau. She was the last person to be awarded the Golden Rose and since her death there are no living recipients of that honour.", "Q78774": "Count J\u00f3zef Kajetan Piotr Maksymilian Ossoli\u0144ski known as J\u00f3zef Maksymilian Ossoli\u0144ski (1748 \u2013 17 March 1826) was a Polish nobleman, landowner, politician, novelist, poet, historian and researcher into literature, historian, translator, lexicographer, bibliophile, a forerunner of Slavic studies and a leading figure of the Polish Enlightenment. He founded the Ossoli\u0144ski Institute in Lw\u00f3w to which he donated his immense library and other collections of manuscripts and coins.J\u00f3zef was a member of many learned institutions, and a doctor honoris causa of the Jagiellonian University. He became one of the first Polish politicians from Galicia. He took Austrian citizenship when he became prefect of the Imperial Austrian Library in 1793 in Vienna. He employed Samuel Linde as his \"Gr\u00e4fliche Ossolinskische Bibliothekar\", librarian of the Ossoli\u0144ski Library until 1803 and under his patronage compiler of the first Polish Lexicon.", "Q221657": "Theodore Metochites (Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2; 1270\u20131332) was a Byzantine Greek statesman, author, gentleman philosopher, and patron of the arts. From c. 1305 to 1328 he held the position of personal adviser (mesaz\u014dn) to emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos.", "Q200841": "James Patrick Caviezel (; born September 26, 1968) is an American actor. Caviezel portrayed Jesus Christ in Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ (2004) and starred as John Reese on the CBS science-fiction crime drama series Person of Interest (2011-2016).Caviezel's other notable roles include Private Witt in The Thin Red Line (1998), Detective John Sullivan in Frequency (2000), and Edmond Dant\u00e8s in The Count of Monte Cristo (2002).", "Q67654": "Johann Carolus (1575\u22121634) was a German publisher of the first newspaper, called Relation aller F\u00fcrnemmen und gedenckw\u00fcrdigen Historien (Account of all distinguished and commemorable stories). The Relation is recognised by the World Association of Newspapers, as well as many authors, as the world's first newspaper.\nCarolus published the German-language newspaper in Strasbourg, which had the status of a free imperial city in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.", "Q68567": "Salomea of Berg (German: Salome von Berg, Polish: Salomea z Bergu; c.\u20091099/1101 \u2013 27 July 1144) was a German noblewoman and, by marriage with Prince Boles\u0142aw III Wrymouth in 1115, High Duchess of Poland until her husband's death in 1138.", "Q70328": "Bosco/Gurin (Walser German: Gurin / Guryn, Lombard: Bosch / G\u00fcrin) is a municipality in the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The village is near the end of the valley of Bosco Gurin, near the Italian border. Despite the overall prominence of Italian in Ticino, the small municipality of Bosco/Gurin is historically German-speaking.", "Q69679": "Monika Maron (born 3 June 1941 in Berlin) is a German author, formerly of the German Democratic Republic.", "Q1185348": "The Jiusan Society (Chinese: \u4e5d\u4e09\u5b66\u793e; literally: 'Nine-Three Academic Society') is one of the eight legally recognised political parties in the People's Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. The party's original name was \"Democracy and Science Forum\", the current name refers to the date of Chinese victory in the Second Sino-Japanese War (September 3, 1945).\nThe party's mission statement is to \"lead the nation to power and the people to prosperity,\" though this must be subordinate to the national interest. The party had a membership of 167,218 members by June 2016, mostly high- and medium-level intellectuals in the fields of science, technology, education, culture, and medicine.", "Q604608": "Antonio Rivas Mercado (26 February 1853 \u2013 3 January 1927) was a Mexican architect, engineer and restorer. His most notable project was the design of the Independence Column in downtown Mexico City. He was the father of Antonieta Rivas Mercado.\nRivas Mercado was born in Tepic in the then Territory of Tepic, but his parents decided to send him to study in Europe at the age of 10. Eventually, he studied Fine Arts and Architecture at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, France from where he returned to Mexico City in 1879 to practise as an architect and teach at the Schools of Engineering and Architecture (today part of the National Autonomous University of Mexico).\nAmong Rivas Mercado's various projects figure the house that eventually became the Wax Museum of Mexico City (1883); the restoration of haciendas of historical importance such as the Hacienda of Tecajete in the State of Hidalgo (1884), and Chapingo in the State of Mexico (1900); the customs building in Tlatelolco, (1884); the restoration of several government buildings including the facade of the Town Hall in Mexico City (1887); and his own house (1898) in Mexico City, now preserved as a historical building.\nThe Teatro Ju\u00e1rez in Guanajuato, which Rivas Mercado built between 1892 and 1903, is considered to be one of the finest buildings of the period. The neoclassical exterior and neo-moorish interior are a clear reflection of his eclectic architectural style. In 1902 he was commissioned by President Porfirio D\u00edaz to design and build the Independence Column on occasion of the 100th anniversary of the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence. The project, which he realised in collaboration with sculptor Enrique Alciati, was finished in 1910, the same year as the anniversary.\nRivas Mercado was Director of the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes in Mexico City from 1903 to 1912. He instituted new methods of study and design and is said to have modified the curriculum of the \"Architecture and Civil Engineering\" major in order to make two different ones out of it. During his tenure he managed to raise enough money to fund Diego Rivera's scholarship to study painting in Europe. He moved back to Paris shortly after his tenure ended. However, he returned to Mexico in 1926 and died a few months later in Mexico City, aged 74.\nOn 26 February 2019, Google celebrated what would have been Mercado\u2019s 166th birthday with a Google doodle.", "Q3249197": "Gerald Anderson \"Jerry\" Lawson (December 1, 1940 \u2013 April 9, 2011) was an American electronic engineer, and one of few African-American engineers in the video game industry at that time. He is known for his work in designing the Fairchild Channel F video game console as well as pioneering the commercial video game cartridge.", "Q233253": "June Carter Cash (born Valerie June Carter; June 23, 1929 \u2013 May 15, 2003) was a five-time Grammy award-winning American singer, songwriter, actress, dancer, comedian, and author who was a member of the Carter Family and the second wife of singer Johnny Cash. Prior to her marriage to Cash, she was professionally known as June Carter and occasionally was still credited as such after her marriage (as well as on songwriting credits predating it).\nShe played guitar, banjo, harmonica, and autoharp, and acted in several films and television shows. Carter Cash won five Grammy Awards and was inducted into the Christian Music Hall of Fame in 2009. She was ranked number 31 in CMT's 40 Greatest Women in Country Music in 2003.", "Q1384": "New York (NY or N.Y.) is a state located in the Northeastern United States. New York was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that formed the United States. With an estimated 20 million residents in 2019, it is the fourth most populous state. In order to distinguish the state from its city with the same name, it is sometimes referred to as New York State (NYS).\nTwo-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area (nearly 40% on Long Island). The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the future King James II of England. With an estimated population of 8.34 million in 2019, New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. The New York metropolitan area is one of the most populous in the world.New York City is a global city, home to the United Nations Headquarters, and has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, as well as the world's most economically powerful city. The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany.\nThe 27th largest U.S. state in land area, New York has a diverse geography. The state is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island, east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the north and Ontario to the northwest. The southern part of the state is in the Atlantic coastal plain and includes Long Island and several smaller associated islands, as well as New York City and the lower Hudson River Valley. The large Upstate New York region comprises several ranges of the wider Appalachian Mountains, and the Adirondack Mountains in the Northeastern lobe of the state. The north\u2013south Hudson River Valley and the east\u2013west Mohawk River Valley bisect these more mountainous regions. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes region and borders Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, and Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, a popular vacation and tourist destination.\nNew York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. French colonists and Jesuit missionaries arrived southward from Montreal for trade and proselytizing. In 1609, the region was visited by Henry Hudson sailing for the Dutch East India Company. The Dutch built Fort Nassau in 1614 at the confluence of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers, where the present-day capital of Albany later developed. The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson Valley, establishing the multicultural colony of New Netherland, a center of trade and immigration. England seized the colony from the Dutch in 1664. During the American Revolutionary War (1775\u20131783), a group of colonists of the Province of New York attempted to take control of the British colony and eventually succeeded in establishing independence. In the 19th century, New York's development of the interior, beginning with the Erie Canal, gave it incomparable advantages over other regions of the east coast and built its political and cultural ascendancy.Many landmarks in New York are well known, including four of the world's ten most-visited tourist attractions in 2013: Times Square, Central Park, Niagara Falls, and Grand Central Terminal. New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance, and environmental sustainability. New York's higher education network comprises approximately 200 colleges and universities, including Columbia University, Cornell University, New York University, the United States Military Academy, the United States Merchant Marine Academy, University of Rochester, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and Rockefeller University, which have been ranked among the top 100 in the nation and world. Additionally, Stony Brook University and Binghamton University are the state's top public universities, both receiving top 100 in the US rankings by US News at #78 and #91 respectively.", "Q337747": "Species is a 1995 American science fiction horror film directed by Roger Donaldson and written by Dennis Feldman. It stars Natasha Henstridge (in her film debut role), Ben Kingsley, Michael Madsen, Alfred Molina, Forest Whitaker and Marg Helgenberger. The film's plot concerns a motley crew of scientists and government agents who try to track down Sil (Henstridge), a seductive extraterrestrial-human hybrid, before she successfully mates with a human male.\nThe film was conceived by Feldman in 1987, and was originally pitched as a film treatment in the style of a police procedural, entitled The Message. When The Message failed to attract the studios, Feldman re-wrote it as a spec script, which ultimately led to the making of the film. The extraterrestrial aspect of Sil's character was created by H. R. Giger, who also responsible for the beings from the Alien franchise. The effects combined practical models designed by Giger collaborator Steve Johnson and XFX, with computer-generated imagery done by Richard Edlund's Boss Film Studios. Giger felt that the film and the character were too similar to Alien, so he pushed for script changes.\nMost of the principal photography was done in Los Angeles, California, where the film is set. Several scenes were filmed in Utah and at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico. Species was met with mixed reviews from critics, who felt that the film's execution did not match the ambition of its premise, but nevertheless turned out to be a box office success, partly due to the hype surrounding Henstridge's topless scenes in various tabloid newspapers and lad mags of the time, grossing US$113 million ($190 million in 2019 dollars). It spawned a franchise, which includes one theatrical sequel (Species II), as well as two direct-to-television sequels (Species III and Species \u2013 The Awakening). Species was adapted into a novel by Yvonne Navarro and two comic book series by Dark Horse Comics, one of which was written by Feldman.", "Q439243": "Cassandra Rae \"Cassie\" Steele (born December 2, 1989) is a Canadian actress, singer and songwriter, best known for portraying Manny Santos on Degrassi: The Next Generation and Abby Vargas on The L.A. Complex. Steele is of British descent on her father's side and Filipino descent on her mother's side. In 2014, she played Sarah in the MTV horror television movie The Dorm. She is the voice of Tammy Gueterman in Adult Swim's Rick and Morty, and will voice the heroine in Disney animated feature film Raya and the Last Dragon.", "Q598499": "The Pacific is a 2010 American war drama miniseries produced by HBO, Playtone, and DreamWorks that premiered in the United States on March 14, 2010.\nThe series is a companion piece to the 2001 miniseries Band of Brothers and focuses on the United States Marine Corps's actions in the Pacific Theater of Operations within the wider Pacific War. Whereas Band of Brothers followed the men of Easy Company of the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment through the European Theater, The Pacific centers on the experiences of three Marines (Robert Leckie, Eugene Sledge, and John Basilone) who were in different regiments (1st, 5th, and 7th, respectively) of the 1st Marine Division.\nThe Pacific was spearheaded by Bruce C. McKenna (co-executive producer), one of the main writers on Band of Brothers. Hugh Ambrose, the son of Band of Brothers author Stephen Ambrose, served as a project consultant.\nThe Pacific miniseries features the 1st Marine Division's battles in the Pacific, such as Guadalcanal, Cape Gloucester, Peleliu, and Okinawa, as well as Basilone's involvement in the Battle of Iwo Jima. It is based primarily on the memoirs of two US Marines: With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa by Eugene Sledge and Helmet for My Pillow by Robert Leckie. It also draws on Sledge's memoir China Marine and Red Blood, Black Sand, the memoir of Chuck Tatum, a Marine who fought alongside Basilone at Iwo Jima.", "Q214834": "Christian Gottfried Albert Traeger (12 June 1830 in Augsburg, Germany \u2013 26 March 1912 in Charlottenburg) was a German privy councillor and parliamentarian of the Progressive People's Party.", "Q118708": "Antonio Adamini (December 25, 1792 in Bigogno, Ticino - June 16, 1846, St. Petersburg) was a Swiss-born Russian architect and engineer.\nOf his training little is known, but he was appointed in the late spring of 1816 (some say 1818) with his cousin Domenico Adamini to the court of the Russian Tsar. After furthered his career in the administration and he was the architect of the State Bank in the 1830s. Adamini's significant structural performance was to construct the 25-meter-high monument to Tsar Alexander, a monolithic granite pillar, the Alexander Column in 1832 and 1834, before the Winter Palace with Auguste de Montferrand. The logistical preparation for this project took four years. Adamini also designed a monument to the Battle of Borodino on the road to Smolensk.", "Q321125": "Abigail Pierrepont Johnson (born December 19, 1961) is an American billionaire businesswoman. Since 2014, Johnson has been president and chief executive officer of American investment firm Fidelity Investments (FMR), and chairman of its international sister company Fidelity International (FIL). Fidelity was founded by her grandfather Edward C. Johnson II. Her father Edward C. \"Ned\" Johnson III remains chairman emeritus of FMR. As of March 2013, the Johnson family owned a 49% stake in the company, with Johnson herself holding an estimated 24.5%.In November 2016, Johnson was named chairman and will remain CEO and president, giving her full control of Fidelity with 45,000 employees worldwide. Johnson's wealth is approximately $16 billion, making her one of the world's wealthiest women. She was named by Forbes as The Richest Person In America\u2019s 50 Largest Cities in 2016 and ranked #7 as Power Women in 2019.", "Q367170": "Kjell Arne Bratli (born 25 August 1948), Parliamentary Commissioner for the Norwegian Armed Forces 2006\u20132014. Military officer and author. Captain RNoN. Served at sea, land and in special service. In the 1980s he travelled behind Soviet lines in Afghanistan. \nCaptain Bratli played a key role in building Rapid Response Information Teams in the NATO Alliance and NATO APIC (Allied Press and Information Centres), as well as modernizing the Norwegian Navy P&I units. He is an active member of the Norwegian Reserve Officer Federation as well as in the CIOR (the NATO reservist organization). He is former editor in the daily press and military periodicals, a former Member of the Board of the Atlantic Committee and Member of DCAF Director's Advisory Board. \nBratli was appointed and served as special adviser to the Presidium of the Norwegian Parliament before being elected to the high office of Military Commissioner. \nHe has written more than twenty books. Many about Military and Naval History, National Security, Christianity and Golf. In 2013 Bratli bought the Kurud estate, with a private golf course, Gjersjoen, near Oslo, Norway. Bratli is a member of the prestigious Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews.", "Q3442299": "Erik Anker (15 October 1903 \u2013 16 August 1994) was a Norwegian sailor and businessperson.\n\n", "Q107628": "Max Bing (15 March 1885 \u2013 7 February 1945) was a German actor and director of radio plays.", "Q456684": "Richard Cheese & Lounge Against The Machine is a cover band and comedy act, performing popular songs in a lounge/swing style, reminiscent of Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, and Tony Bennett. Lounge singer Richard Cheese is a character created and portrayed by Los Angeles-based actor/comedian/singer Mark Jonathan Davis.", "Q63432": "Johannes Popitz (2 December 1884 \u2013 2 February 1945) was a Prussian finance minister and a member of the German Resistance against the government of Nazi Germany. He was the father of Heinrich Popitz, an important German sociologist.", "Q110354": "The Great Escape is a 1963 American epic war film starring Steve McQueen, James Garner and Richard Attenborough, and featuring James Donald, Charles Bronson, Donald Pleasence, James Coburn and Hannes Messemer. It was filmed in Panavision.\nThe film is based on Paul Brickhill's 1950 nonfiction book of the same name, a firsthand account of the mass escape by British Commonwealth prisoners of war from German POW camp Stalag Luft III in Sagan (now \u017baga\u0144, Poland), in the province of Lower Silesia, Nazi Germany. The film was based on real events but deviated significantly from the historical record, depicting a heavily fictionalised version of the escape, including numerous compromises\u2014such as featuring Americans among the escapees\u2014in order to boost its commercial appeal.\nIt was made by The Mirisch Company, released by United Artists, and produced and directed by John Sturges. The film had its Royal World Premiere at the Odeon Leicester Square in London's West End on 20 June 1963. The film became very popular and emerged as one of the highest-grossing films of the year, winning McQueen the award for Best Actor at the Moscow International Film Festival and is now considered a classic. The Great Escape is also notable for its motorcycle chase scene and famous jump scene, which is considered one of the best stunts ever made.", "Q235622": "Patricia Claire Blume, (born 15 February 1931), better known by her stage name Claire Bloom, is an English film and stage actress whose career has spanned over six decades. She is known for leading roles in plays such as A Streetcar Named Desire, A Doll's House, and Long Day's Journey into Night, and has starred in nearly sixty films.\nAfter a childhood in England and the US, Bloom studied drama. She debuted on the London stage when she was sixteen and soon took roles in various Shakespeare plays. They included Hamlet, in which she played Ophelia alongside Richard Burton. For her Juliet in Romeo and Juliet, critic Kenneth Tynan stated it was \"the best Juliet I've ever seen\". After she starred as Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire, its playwright, Tennessee Williams, stated, \"I declare myself absolutely wild about Claire Bloom\".\nIn 1952, Bloom was discovered by Hollywood film star Charlie Chaplin to co-star alongside him in Limelight. During her film career, she starred alongside numerous major actors, including Richard Burton, Laurence Olivier, John Gielgud, Paul Scofield, Ralph Richardson, Yul Brynner, George C. Scott, James Mason, Paul Newman, Cliff Robertson, Anthony Hopkins and Rod Steiger.\nIn 2010, Bloom played the role of Queen Mary in the British film The King's Speech. She was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2013 Birthday Honours for services to drama.", "Q299331": "Mario Lanza (US: , Italian: [\u02c8lantsa]; born Alfredo Arnold Cocozza [ko\u02c8k\u0254ttsa]; January 31, 1921 \u2013 October 7, 1959) was an American tenor of Italian ancestry, and an actor and Hollywood film star of the late 1940s and the 1950s.\nLanza began studying to be a professional singer at the age of 16. After appearing at the Hollywood Bowl in 1947, Lanza signed a seven-year film contract with Louis B. Mayer, the head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, who saw his performance and was impressed by his singing. Prior to that, the adult Lanza had sung only two performances of an opera. The following year (1948), however, he sang the role of Pinkerton in Puccini's Madame Butterfly in New Orleans.His film d\u00e9but for MGM was in That Midnight Kiss (1949) with Kathryn Grayson and Ethel Barrymore. A year later, in The Toast of New Orleans, his featured popular song \"Be My Love\" became his first million-selling hit. In 1951, he played the role of tenor Enrico Caruso, his idol, in the biopic The Great Caruso, which produced another million-seller with \"The Loveliest Night of the Year\" (a song which used the melody of Sobre las Olas). The Great Caruso was the top-grossing film that year.The title song of his next film, Because You're Mine, was his final million-selling hit song. The song went on to receive an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song. After recording the soundtrack for his next film, The Student Prince, he embarked upon a protracted battle with studio head Dore Schary arising from artistic differences with director Curtis Bernhardt, and was eventually dismissed by MGM.Lanza was known to be \"rebellious, tough, and ambitious.\" During most of his film career, he suffered from addictions to overeating and alcohol which had a serious effect on his health and his relationships with directors, producers and, occasionally, other cast members. Hollywood columnist Hedda Hopper writes that \"his smile, which was as big as his voice, was matched with the habits of a tiger cub, impossible to housebreak.\" She adds that he was the \"last of the great romantic performers\". He made three more films before dying of an apparent pulmonary embolism at the age of 38. At the time of his death in 1959 he was still \"the most famous tenor in the world\". Author Eleonora Kimmel concludes that Lanza \"blazed like a meteor whose light lasts a brief moment in time\".", "Q1556278": "James \"Jamie\" Rudolph Palumbo, Baron Palumbo of Southwark (born 6 June 1963) is a British entrepreneur, author and member of the House of Lords. He was listed in the Sunday Times Rich List 2018 in 359th place with an estimated fortune of \u00a3350 million. The eldest son of property developer Peter Palumbo, Baron Palumbo, Jamie was born in London and educated at Eton College and Worcester College, Oxford.", "Q235965": "Dame Mary Barbara Hamilton Cartland, (9 July 1901 \u2013 21 May 2000) was an English novelist who wrote romance novels, one of the best-selling authors as well as one of the most prolific and commercially successful worldwide of the 20th century. Her 723 novels were translated into 38 languages and she continues to be referenced in the Guinness World Records for the most novels published in a single year in 1976.As Barbara Cartland she is known for writing numerous romantic novels but she had also written books under her married name of Barbara McCorquodale and briefly under the pseudonym of Marcus Belfry. She wrote more than 700 books, as well as plays, music, verse, drama, magazine articles and operetta, and was a prominent philanthropist.\nShe reportedly sold more than 750 million copies, though other sources estimate her total book sales at more than two billion copies. She specialised in 19th-century Victorian era pure romance. Her novels all featured portrait-style artwork, particularly the cover art, usually designed by Francis Marshall (1901\u20131980).As head of Cartland Promotions, she became one of London's most prominent society figures. Often presenting herself in a pink chiffon gown, plumed hat, blonde wig, and heavy make-up, she became one of Britain's most popular media personalities.", "Q86247": "Peter Jankowitsch (born July 10, 1933) is a former Austrian diplomat and politician.", "Q349312": "Lily Rabe (born June 29, 1982) is an American actress. She received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her performance as Portia in The Merchant of Venice. Rabe is best known for her multiple roles on the FX anthology horror series American Horror Story, and her lead role as Claire Bennigan on the ABC science fiction series The Whispers.", "Q447616": "Emperor H\u00e0m Nghi (Vietnamese: [h\u00e2\u02d0m \u014bi], H\u00e1n t\u1ef1: \u54b8\u5b9c lit. \"entirely right\", Arabic: \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u063a\u064a\u200e; 3 August 1872 - 4 January 1943), personal name Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u01afng L\u1ecbch, also Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Minh, was the eighth Emperor of the Vietnamese Nguy\u1ec5n Dynasty. He reigned for only one year (1884\u201385).", "Q242535": "Caterina Valente (born 14 January 1931 in Paris, France) is an Italian multilingual singer, guitarist, dancer, and actress. Valente is a polyglot; she speaks six languages, and sings in eleven. While she is best-known as an international performer, Valente also spent part of her career in the United States, where she performed alongside Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, Perry Como, and Ella Fitzgerald, among others.", "Q252726": "Vitaly Ivanovich Sevastyanov (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; 8 July 1935 \u2013 5 April 2010) was a Soviet cosmonaut and an engineer who flew on the Soyuz 9 and Soyuz 18 missions.\nHe trained as an engineer at the Moscow Aviation Institute and after graduation in 1959, joined Sergey Korolev's design bureau, where he worked on the design of the Vostok spacecraft. He also lectured at the Cosmonaut Training Centre, teaching the physics of spaceflight. In 1967 he commenced cosmonaut training himself. Between 15\u201324 September 1972 Vitaly Sevastyanov visited Zagreb, Jugoslavia.\nAfter two successful missions, including a two-month stay on the Salyut 4 space station, he was pulled from active flight status in 1976. He worked in ground control for the Salyut 6 station before returning to spacecraft design in the 1980s to work on the Buran project.In 1971, he was the backup Flight Engineer for the ill-fated Soyuz 11 Mission, which ended in disaster when the craft depressurized above the K\u00e1rm\u00e1n line, killing the three man crew.\nHe was president of the Soviet Union Chess Federation from 1977 to 1986 and from 1988 to 1989.\nDuring the 1980s he was the host of a popular television program on space exploration entitled Man, Earth, Universe.\nIn 1993, he left the space programme and was elected to the State Duma in 1994.\nSevastyanov, along with Alexei Leonov, Rusty Schweickart and Georgi Grechko established the Association of Space Explorers in 1984. Membership is open to all people who have flown in outer space.\nHe was awarded:\n\nTwice Hero of the Soviet Union\nPilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR\nTwo Orders of Lenin\nJubilee Medal \"In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary since the Birth of Vladimir Il'ich Lenin\"\nState Prize of the USSR\nLenin Komsomol Prize\nHonoured Master of Sport\nOrder of the Nile (Egypt)\nYuri Gagarin Gold Medal (F\u00e9d\u00e9ration A\u00e9ronautique Internationale)\n\n", "Q35933": "Sport Club Corinthians Paulista (Brazilian Portuguese: [is\u02c8p\u0254\u0281t\u0283i \u02c8klubi k\u028a\u02c8\u027e\u0129t\u0283\u0250\u0303s paw\u02c8\u026bist\u0250]) is a Brazilian sports club based in the city of S\u00e3o Paulo. Although they compete in a number of different sports, Corinthians is mostly known for its professional association football team.\nThe football team plays in the Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A, the top tier of the Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Paulista S\u00e9rie A1, the first division of the traditional in-state competition.\nFounded in 1910 by five railway workers, Corinthians was inspired by the London-based club Corinthian Football Club. Since 1910, Corinthians has become one of the most successful Brazilian clubs, having won the national title seven times, in addition to three Copa do Brasil trophies. Corinthians has a record 30 state championships. In 2000 the club won the FIFA Club World Cup's first edition as the host team and in 2012 the club won the FIFA Club World Cup for the second time after winning the Copa Libertadores de Am\u00e9rica for the first time.\nThe club was listed by Forbes as the most valuable football club in the Americas, worth $576.9 million. The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world and the second most in Brazil, with over 30 million fans.Since 2014, Corinthians has played its home matches at the Arena Corinthians, one of the venues in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, having hosted six matches during the tournament, including the opener on 12 June 2014.\nThe club's home kit traditionally features white shirts and black shorts, accompanied by white socks, since 1920. Their traditional crest was introduced in 1939, by modernist painter Francisco Rebolo featuring the S\u00e3o Paulo state flag in a shield, two oars, and an anchor (representing the club's early success in nautical sports). They hold many longstanding rivalries, most notably against Palmeiras, S\u00e3o Paulo, and Santos.", "Q382705": "Blue Puppy (Russian: \u0413\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a, translit. Goluboy shchenok, alternative translations - Pale Blue Puppy/Slate puppy) is a 1976 Soviet animated film. The lyrics and screenplay were written by Yuri Entin, loosely based on the tale by Gyula Urban.\nSeveral quotes from the film's lyrics became common colloquial sayings, for example, \"What trouble can we stir up?\" and \"Ah, how I'm angry, ooh, how I'm angry!\" voiced by Mikhail Boyarsky, and the phrase \"One ought to live skilfully.\"\nThe film was unique in utilizing a non-traditional animation technique where spots of colorful India ink were used to form the characters. This gave a great deal of plasticity to the animated characters. For example, the Black Cat would vanish from the foreground only to reappear immediately in the back, or the evil Pirate would transform into a thundercloud by inflating himself with his own malice.", "Q772173": "Michael Rodenberg, nickname Miro (born 9 April 1970, in Wolfsburg) is a German keyboard player and musical producer known for working with power metal bands such as Angra, Shaaman, Luca Turilli, Rhapsody of Fire, Kamelot and Heavens Gate. He mainly works in conjunction with his some-time bandmate Sascha Paeth.\nIn addition to his production work, Miro has made guest appearances for many of the bands he works with as a keyboard player, and also provides orchestral arrangements. He served a particularly long period as a guest of Kamelot, providing all keyboards on their studio albums from 1999 until 2005, when they hired the tour musician Oliver Palotai as a full-time member.\nIn 2004, he participated in Aina, a metal opera featuring many guest heavy metal musicians.\nIn 2007, he and Sacha Paeth helped to relaunch Tobias Sammet's metal opera Avantasia, with the albums of The Wicked Trilogy (on which Miro played most of the keyboard parts and orchestrations) and also leading it to have a live band and play world tours.", "Q441267": "Lauretta Masiero (25 October 1927 \u2013 23 March 2010) was an Italian actress and singer.", "Q108484": "Walter Kaufmann (born 19 January 1924 in Berlin) is a German-Australian writer of Polish origin.\nKaufmann (born Jizchak Schmeidler), son of a Polish-Jewish woman called Rachela Schmeidler, was adopted by the wealthy German-Jewish couple Dr. Sally and Johanna Kaufmann at the age of three. While his adoptive parents were eventually murdered in Auschwitz, Kaufmann fled to England during the outbreak of the War, and was later deported to Australia on the infamous ship HMT Dunera in 1940. He soon joined the Australian army as a volunteer. After the war and demobilisation he worked in different environments and various jobs at the same time trying to further his education.Kaufmann joined the Melbourne Realist Writers' Group and had some of his stories published in the Realist Writer. He became politically active and travelled extensively. He was encouraged by writers such as Frank Hardy and David Martin to write a novel based on his own past in Nazi Germany (Voices in the Storm). Later Kaufmann settled in the East Berlin and continued publishing in English and German.Kaufmann's schematic socialist realistic stories on the struggles of Australian trade unionists and the disenfranchisement of the Aborigines, became very popular in the GDR after his return to East Berlin in 1957.", "Q4908147": "William Vogel Bidwill (July 31, 1931 \u2013 October 2, 2019) was an American businessman and the owner of the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He had co-owned the team from 1962 for ten seasons with his brother Charles Jr. and had been sole owner from 1972 until his death in 2019.", "Q1282266": "Ed Alleyne-Johnson is a British electric violinist and prolific busker. He has been busking since he was a Fine Art student at Oxford University in the early 1980s. He uses an electric violin he carved with a kitchen knife, a custom pedalboard and portable amplifier. This setup has enabled him to perform on the street in almost every major city in Europe, and across the United States and Canada.\nHe was a member of the English post-punk/alternative rock band New Model Army recording and touring with them for five years, with several concerts in Germany in over 200 concerts worldwide, supporting acts such as Simple Minds, Bob Dylan, David Bowie, The Cure, Midnight Oil and Faith No More.", "Q118697": "Gottlieb Samuel Studer (5 August 1804, Langnau im Emmental \u2013 22 December 1890, Vienna) was a Swiss mountaineer, notary public and draughtsman.\nStuder was the son of Sigmund Gottlieb Studer. After the death of his father, the Studer family moved to Bern, where Studer was secretary to the cantonal justice and police department, later becoming prefect (Regierungsstatthalter) of the city of Bern.\n\nIn September 1843 he made the first ascent of the Wildhorn (3,248 m) in the Bernese Alps.\nTogether with the geologist Theodor Simler and Dr Melchior Ulrich, Studer was inspired by the establishment of the British Alpine Club in 1857 to form a Swiss counterpart. This led to the founding on 19 April 1863 of the Swiss Alpine Club (SAC) at a meeting in the Bahnhofbuffet Olten, the railway restaurant in the Swiss town of Olten. The club was 'a broader and more democratic association than the Alpine Club'. Studer was president of the Bern section of the SAC from 1863\u20131873, and he was honorary president from 1873 to his death.In 1866 Studer left the service of the state and dedicated himself to the history of Alpine exploration. The years 1869\u20131871 were spent writing \u00dcber Eis und Schnee, a three-volume history of the climbing of the Swiss Alps.\nOver the course of 60 years Studer climbed 650 summits, in the Bernese Alps, the Pennine Alps, the Dauphin\u00e9, the Tyrol, the Pyrenees and Norway. At the age of 68 he climbed Mont Blanc; when he was 79 he climbed Pic d'Arzinol in the Valais; and at 81 the Niederhorn.", "Q2002824": "Piz Tremoggia is a mountain in the Bernina Range of the Alps, located on the border between Italy and Switzerland. It lies between the Val Fex (Graub\u00fcnden) and the Val Malenco (Lombardy).", "Q664063": "The border between the modern states of Switzerland and Italy extends for 744 kilometres (462 mi), from the French-Swiss-Italian tripoint at Mont Dolent in the west to the Austrian-Swiss-Italian tripoint near Piz Lad in the east. \nMuch of the border runs across the High Alps, rising above 4,600 metres (15,100 ft) as it passes east of Dufourspitze, but it also descends to the lowest point in Switzerland as it passes Lago Maggiore at below 200 metres (660 ft).", "Q19201": "Michael Kenji Shinoda (, born February 11, 1977) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, rapper, record producer, and graphic designer. He co-founded Linkin Park in 1996 and is the band's rhythm guitarist, primary songwriter, keyboardist, producer, and co-lead vocalist. Shinoda later created a hip-hop-driven side project, Fort Minor, in 2004. He has also served as a producer for tracks and albums by Lupe Fiasco, Styles of Beyond and the X-Ecutioners.\nBorn in Panorama City, California and raised in Agoura Hills, Shinoda formed Xero, which later became Linkin Park, with two of his high school friends: Brad Delson and Rob Bourdon in 1996, later joined by Joe Hahn, Dave Farrell and Mark Wakefield. Chester Bennington replaced Wakefield as \nthe lead vocalist. The band later signed a record deal with Warner Bros Records.\nShinoda is also the co-founder of Machine Shop Records, a California-based record label. Outside of music, Shinoda is an artist and graphic designer. He has painted several pieces of artwork, some of which have been featured in the Japanese American National Museum.\nOn January 25, 2018, Shinoda released the Post Traumatic EP, which contained three songs about his own feelings at the aftermath of Chester Bennington's death on July 20, 2017. In March 2018, Shinoda announced through social media that he was working on a new solo album under the same name; the record was released on June 15, 2018.", "Q736731": "The Three Caballeros is a 1944 American live-action animated musical package film produced by Walt Disney and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The film premiered in Mexico City on December 21, 1944. It was released in the United States on February 3, 1945 and in the UK that March. The seventh Disney animated feature film, the film plots an adventure through parts of Latin America, combining live-action and animation. This is the second of the six package films released by Walt Disney Productions in the 1940s, following Saludos Amigos (1942). It was also the first feature-length film to incorporate traditional animation with live-action actors.\nThe film is plotted as a series of self-contained segments, strung together by the device of Donald Duck opening birthday gifts from his Latin American friends. Several Latin American stars of the period appear, including singers Aurora Miranda (sister of Carmen Miranda) and Dora Luz, as well as singer and dancer Carmen Molina.\nThe film was produced as part of the studio's good will message for Latin America. The film stars Donald Duck, who in the course of the film is joined by old friend Jos\u00e9 Carioca, the cigar-smoking parrot from Saludos Amigos, who represents Brazil, and later becomes friends with a pistol-packing rooster named Panchito Pistoles, who represents Mexico.", "Q605489": "Antonio Tovar Llorente (17 May 1911 \u2013 13 December 1985) was a Spanish philologist, linguist and historian.", "Q239187": "Gemma Louise Atkinson (born 16 November 1984) is an English actress and former glamour model. She played Lisa Hunter on Hollyoaks (2001\u20132005) and on three spin-off series, Hollyoaks: After Hours (2004), Hollyoaks: Let Loose (2005) and Hollyoaks: In the City (2006), Tamzin Bayle on Casualty (2011\u201312, 2014) and Carly Hope on Emmerdale (2015\u201317).", "Q455212": "Johann (sometimes John) Baptist Cramer (24 February 1771 \u2013 16 April 1858) was an English pianist and composer of German origin. He was the son of Wilhelm Cramer, a famous London violinist and conductor, one of a numerous family who were identified with the progress of music during the 18th and 19th centuries.", "Q1648940": "S.T.R.I.P.E. (Special Tactics Robotic Integrated Power Enhancer) is a fictional superhero in the DC Comics Universe. S.T.R.I.P.E. is a powered armor suit invented and worn by Patrick \"Pat\" Dugan, the former adult sidekick to teenage superhero Sylvester Pemberton, the Star-Spangled Kid. \"Stripesy\", as he is often called, is a gifted mechanic who built the Star Rocket Racer, a bubble-topped limousine with the functions of a rocket and helicopter. Together, they were members of the Seven Soldiers of Victory and the All-Star Squadron. Stripesy was created by Jerry Siegel (co-creator of Superman) and Hal Sherman, and first appeared in Star Spangled Comics #1 (October 1941).", "Q365820": "Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaysky (also transliterated as Mozhayski, Mozhayskii and Mozhayskiy; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) (March 21 [O.S. March 9] 1825 \u2013 1 April [O.S. March 20] 1890) was an admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy, aviation pioneer, researcher and designer of heavier-than-air craft.", "Q201418": "Abigail Kathleen Breslin (born April 14, 1996) is an American actress and singer. Born and raised in New York City, Breslin began acting in commercials when she was three years old and made her film debut in M. Night Shyamalan's science fiction horror film Signs (2002), at the age of five, for which she was nominated for a Young Artist Award. Following early roles in Raising Helen (2004) and The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (2004), Breslin garnered critical acclaim for her performance as Olive Hoover in the road comedy-drama Little Miss Sunshine (2006), for which she earned nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award, BAFTA, and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture and the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer.Breslin went on to establish herself as a leading child actress with roles in the romantic-comedy No Reservations (2007), for which she was nominated for a Critics' Choice Award, Nim's Island (2008), Definitely, Maybe (2008), My Sister's Keeper (2009), Zombieland (2009), Rango (2011), The Call (2013), August: Osage County (2013), for which she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award, Ender's Game (2013), and Zombieland: Double Tap (2019). Between 2015 and 2016, she starred on the horror-comedy Scream Queens on Fox, her first regular role in a television series.", "Q1264085": "The Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Latin: Academia Scientiarum et Artium Croatica, Croatian: Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, abbrev. HAZU) is the national academy of Croatia.\nHAZU was founded under patronage of the Croatian bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer under the name Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts (Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, abbrev. JAZU) since its founder wanted to make it the central scientific and artistic institution of all South Slavs. Today, its main goals are encouraging and organizing scientific work, applying the achieved results, development of artistic and cultural activities, carrying about the Croatian cultural heritage and its affirmation in the world, publishing the results of scientific research and artistic creativity and giving suggestions and opinions for the advancement of science and art in areas of particular importance to Croatia.\nThe academy is divided into nine classes; social sciences, mathematical, physical and chemical sciences, natural sciences, medical sciences, philological sciences, Literature, Fine Arts, Musical Arts and Musicology, technical sciences. The Academy started in 1866 with 16 full members which grew to today's 160. Besides full, members can also be honorary, corresponding or associate.", "Q163225": "Sonia Gandhi (pronunciation ) (n\u00e9e Maino; born 9 December 1946) is an Indian politician. She is the president of the Indian National Congress, the left-of-centre political party, which governed India for most of its post-independence history. She took over as the party leader in 1998, seven years after the assassination of her husband, Rajiv Gandhi, a former Prime Minister of India, and remained in office for nineteen years.Born in a small village near Vicenza, Italy, Gandhi was raised in a Roman Catholic family. After completing her primary education at local schools, she moved for language classes to Cambridge, England, where she met Rajiv Gandhi, and later married him in 1968. She then moved to India and started living with her mother-in-law, the then-Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, at the latter's New Delhi residence. Sonia Gandhi, however, kept away from the public sphere, even during the years of her husband's premiership.\nFollowing her husband's assassination, Gandhi was invited by Congress leaders to lead the party, but she declined. She agreed to join politics in 1997 after much pleading from the party; the following year, she was nominated for party president, and elected over Jitendra Prasada.Under her leadership, the Congress went on to form the government post the 2004 elections in coalition with other centre-left political parties. Gandhi has since been credited for being instrumental in formulating the United Progressive Alliance (UPA), which was re-elected to power in 2009. Gandhi declined the premiership following the 2004 victory; she instead led the ruling alliance and the National Advisory Council.Over the course of her career, Gandhi presided over the advisory councils credited for the formation and subsequent implementation of such rights-based development and welfare schemes as the right to information, Food security bill, and MNREGA, as she drew criticism related to the Bofors scandal and the National Herald Case. Her foreign birth has also been a subject of much debate and controversy. Gandhi's active participation in politics began to reduce during the latter half of the UPA government's second term owing to health concerns. She stepped down as the Congress president in December 2017, but returned to lead the party in August 2019. Although she never held any public office in the government of India, Gandhi has been widely described as one of the most powerful politicians in the country, and is often listed among the most powerful women in the world.", "Q954585": "Brycheiniog was an independent kingdom in South Wales in the Early Middle Ages. It often acted as a buffer state between England to the east and the powerful south Welsh kingdom of Deheubarth to the west. It was conquered and pacified by the Normans between 1088 and 1095, though it remained Welsh in character. It was transformed into the Lordship of Brecknock and later formed the southern and larger part of the historic county of Brecknockshire. To its south was the Kingdom of Morgannwg.\nThe main legacy of the kingdom of Brycheiniog is etymological. It has lent its name to Brecknockshire (Welsh: Sir Frycheiniog, the shire of Brycheiniog) and Brecon (known as Aberhonddu in Welsh).\n.", "Q78833": "Joseph Hormayr, Baron zu Hortenburg (German: Joseph Hormayr Freiherr zu Hortenburg, also known as Joseph Freiherr von Hormayr zu Hortenburg) (20 January 1781 or 1782 \u2013 5 October 1848) was an Austrian and German statesman and historian.\nHe was born at Innsbruck. After studying law in his native town, and attaining the rank of captain in the Tirolese Landwehr, the young man, who had the advantage of being the grandson of Joseph von Hormayr (1705\u20131778), chancellor of Tirol, obtained a post in the foreign office at Vienna (1801), from which he rose in 1803 to be court secretary and, being a near friend of the Archduke Johann of Austria, director of the secret archives of the state and court for thirteen months. In 1803 he married Therese Anderler von Hohenwald.\nDuring the insurrection of 1809, by which the Tirolese sought to throw off the Bavarian supremacy confirmed by the treaty of Pressburg, Hormayr was the mainstay of the Austrian party, and assumed the administration of everything (especially the composition of proclamations and pamphlets); but, returning home without the prestige of success, he fell, in spite of the help of the Archduke John, into disfavour both with the emperor Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and with Prince Metternich, and at length, when in 1813 he tried to stir up a new insurrection in Tirol, he was arrested and imprisoned at Mukachevo.\nIn 1816, some amends were made to him by his appointment as imperial historiographer; but so little was he satisfied with the general policy and conduct of the Austrian court that in 1828 he accepted an invitation of King Louis I to the Bavarian capital, where he became ministerial councilor in the department of foreign affairs. \nIn 1832 he was appointed Bavarian minister-resident at Hanover, and from 1837 to 1846 he held the same position at Bremen. Together with Count Johann Friedrich von der Decken (1769\u20131840) he founded the Historical Society of Lower Saxony (Historischer Verein f\u00fcr Niedersachsen). The last two years of his life were spent at Munich as superintendent of the national archives.", "Q92232": "Bernhard B\u00e4stlein (3 December 1894 in Hamburg \u2013 18 September 1944 in Brandenburg an der Havel) was a German Communist and resistance fighter against the Nazi r\u00e9gime. He was imprisoned very shortly after the Nazis seized power in 1933 and was imprisoned almost without interruption until his execution in 1944, by the Nazis. Nonetheless, he was one of the most important leaders of German Resistance.", "Q11885": "W. Axl Rose (born William Bruce Rose Jr.; raised as William Bruce Bailey; born February 6, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and musician. He is the lead vocalist of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, and has also been the band's sole constant member since its inception in 1985. In addition to Guns N' Roses, he also toured with Australian rock band AC/DC in 2016 during the final two legs of their Rock or Bust World Tour when Brian Johnson took a break due to hearing problems. \nRose has been named one of the greatest singers of all time by various media outlets, including Rolling Stone and NME.Born and raised in Lafayette, Indiana, Rose moved in the early 1980s to Los Angeles, where he became active in the local hard rock scene and joined several bands, including Hollywood Rose and L.A. Guns. In 1985, he co-founded Guns N' Roses, with whom he had great success and recognition in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Their first album, Appetite for Destruction (1987), has sold in excess of 30 million copies worldwide, and is the best-selling debut album of all time in the U.S. with 18 million units sold. Its full-length follow-ups, the twin albums Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II (1991), were also widely successful; they respectively debuted at No. 2 and No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and have sold a combined 35 million copies worldwide.After 1994, following the conclusion of their two-and-a-half-year Use Your Illusion Tour, Rose disappeared from public life for several years, while the band disintegrated due to personal and musical differences. As its sole remaining original member, he was able to continue working under the Guns N' Roses banner because he had legally obtained the band name. In 2001, he resurfaced with a new line-up of Guns N' Roses at Rock in Rio 3, and subsequently played periodic concert tours to promote the long-delayed Chinese Democracy (2008), which undersold the music industry's commercial expectations despite positive reviews upon its release. In 2012, Rose was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N' Roses, though he declined to attend the event and requested exclusion from the Hall. In 2016, the same year as he toured with AC/DC, Rose partially reunited the \"classic\" lineup of Guns N' Roses and has since toured the world as part of the Not in This Lifetime... Tour.", "Q730426": "Mamurra (fl. 1st century BC) was a Roman military officer who served under Julius Caesar.", "Q1339382": "Kimora Lee Simmons Leissner (n\u00e9e Perkins; born May 4, 1975), known professionally as Kimora Lee Simmons, is an entrepreneur, fashion designer, TV personality, author, philanthropist and model.", "Q10225": "The Indian National Congress (pronunciation ) (INC, often called the Congress Party or simply Congress) is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.Congress is a \"big tent\" party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics. Congress' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya\u2013the lifting up of all sections of society\u2013which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people. On social and economic issues, it advocates liberty, social justice, equality, welfare state, along with progressive and secular society. The party's constitution adheres to liberal\u2013democratic socialist philosophy.After India's independence in 1947, Congress formed the union government of India, and many state governments of India Congress became India's dominant political party; as of 2019, in the 17 general elections since independence, it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times, heading the central government for more than 54 years. There have been six Congress Prime Ministers, the first being Jawaharlal Nehru (1947\u20131964), and the most recent Manmohan Singh (2004\u20132014). Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019, it remains one of two major, nationwide, political parties in India, along with the right-wing, Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). In the 2014 general election, Congress had its poorest post-independence general election performance, winning only 44 seats of the 543-member Lok Sabha\u2014the lower house of the Parliament of India.\nFrom 2004 to 2014, United Progressive Alliance, a coalition of Congress with several regional parties, formed the Indian government led by Manmohan Singh, the Prime Minister as the head of the coalition government. The leader of the party during the period, Sonia Gandhi has served the longest term as the president of the party. As of July 2019, the party is in power in six legislative assemblies: Punjab, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra (as part of the Maha Vikas Aghadi), and the union territory of Puducherry (in an alliance with Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam).\n\n", "Q622988": "Paul McCartney and Wings (also known by their original name Wings) were a British\u2013American rock band formed in 1971 by former Beatle Paul McCartney, his wife Linda on keyboards, session drummer Denny Seiwell, and former Moody Blues guitarist Denny Laine. Wings were noted for frequent personnel changes along with their commercial successes, going through three lead guitarists and four drummers. However, the core trio of the McCartneys and Laine remained intact throughout the group's existence.\nCreated following the McCartneys' 1971 album Ram, the band's first two albums, Wild Life (1971) and Red Rose Speedway (1973) (the latter featuring guitarist Henry McCullough), were viewed as artistic disappointments beside Paul's work with the Beatles. After the release of the title track of the James Bond movie Live and Let Die, McCullough and Seiwell resigned from the band. The McCartneys and Laine then released 1973's Band on the Run, a commercial and critical success that spawned two top ten singles in \"Jet\" and the title track. Following that album, the band recruited guitarist Jimmy McCulloch and drummer Geoff Britton, only for Britton to quit shortly afterwards and be replaced by Joe English. With the new line-up, Wings released 1975's Venus and Mars, which included the US number one single \"Listen to What the Man Said\", and undertook a highly successful world tour over 1975\u201376. Intended as more of a group effort, Wings at the Speed of Sound (1976) was issued midway through the tour and featured the hit singles \"Silly Love Songs\" and \"Let 'Em In\".\nIn 1977, the band earned their only UK number one single, with \"Mull of Kintyre\", which became the then-best-selling UK single in history. Wings experienced another line-up shuffle, however, with both McCulloch and English departing before the release of the group's 1978 album London Town. The McCartneys and Laine again added new members, recruiting guitarist Laurence Juber and drummer Steve Holley. The resulting album, Back to the Egg, was a relative flop, with its singles under-performing and the critical reception negative. During the supporting tour, Paul was arrested in Japan for cannabis possession, putting the band on hold. Despite a final US number one with a live-recorded version of \"Coming Up\" (1979), after Laine departed from the band, Wings discontinued for good in 1981.", "Q198097": "Bada Shanren (born Zhu Da; c. 1626\u20131705) was a Han Chinese painter of ink wash painting and a calligrapher. He was of royal descent, being a direct offspring of the Ming dynasty prince Zhu Quan who had a feudal establishment in Nanchang. His master lineage's accession was revoked following the last Ning Lineage King Zhu Chenhao's rebellion in 1521, but the rest of the lineage was allowed to retain status in Jiangxi. Art historians have named him as a brilliant painter of the period.", "Q163543": "Fran\u00e7ois Pascal Simon G\u00e9rard (4 May 1770 \u2013 11 January 1837), titled as Baron G\u00e9rard in 1809, was a prominent French painter. He was born in Rome, where his father occupied a post in the house of the French ambassador, and his mother was Italian. After he was made a baron of the Empire in 1809 by Emperor Napoleon, he was known formally as Baron G\u00e9rard.", "Q83459": "The Brazil national football team (Portuguese: Sele\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Futebol) represents Brazil in men's international football and is administered by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF), the governing body for football in Brazil. They have been a member of FIFA since 1923 and a member of CONMEBOL since 1916.\nBrazil is the most successful national team in the FIFA World Cup, being crowned winner five times: 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994 and 2002. Brazil also has the best overall performance in the World Cup, both in proportional and absolute terms, with a record of 73 victories in 109 matches played, 124 goal difference, 237 points, and 18 losses. Brazil is the only national team to have played in all World Cup editions without any absence nor need for playoffs.In relation to ranking standings Brazil fare well, having the all-time highest average football Elo rating system since 1970, and the fourth all-time peak football Elo Rating established in 1962. In FIFA's own ranking, Brazil holds the record for most Team of the Year wins with 12. Many commentators, experts and former players have considered the Brazil team of 1970 to be the greatest football team ever. Other Brazilian teams are also highly estimated and regularly appear listed among the best teams of all time, such as the Brazil teams of 1958\u201362, with honorary mentions for the gifted 1982 side.Brazil is the only national team to have won the World Cup on four different continents: once in Europe (1958 Sweden), once in South America (1962 Chile), twice in North America (1970 Mexico and 1994 United States) and once in Asia (2002 Korea/Japan). They share with France and Argentina the feat to have won the three most important men's football titles recognized by FIFA: the World Cup, the Confederations Cup, and the Olympic tournament. They also share with Spain a record of 35 consecutive matches undefeated.Brazil has a lot of rivals due to its successes, with notable rivalries with Argentina\u2014known as the Supercl\u00e1ssico das Am\u00e9ricas in Portuguese, Italy\u2014known as the Cl\u00e1sico Mundial in Spanish or the World Derby in English, Uruguay due to the traumatic Maracanazo, Germany, and Portugal, with whom they share many common cultural ties. Brazil has also produced players considered as the best of the world at their time and among the best in history, such are the cases of Pel\u00e9 (widely regarded as the greatest footballer of all time), Garrincha, Rivellino, Zico, Rom\u00e1rio, Cafu, Roberto Carlos, Ronaldo, Rivaldo, Ronaldinho, Kak\u00e1 and Neymar. A common quip about football is: \"Os ingleses o inventaram, os brasileiros o aperfei\u00e7oaram\" (The English invented it, the Brazilians perfected it).\n\n", "Q175321": "Dumitru St\u0103niloae (Romanian: [du\u02c8mitru st\u0259ni\u02c8lo\u032faje]; 29 November [O.S. 16 November] 1903 \u2013 5 October 1993) was a Romanian Orthodox Christian priest, theologian and professor. He worked for over 45 years on a comprehensive Romanian translation of the Greek Philokalia, a collection of writings on prayer by the Church Fathers, together with the hieromonk, Arsenie Boca, who brought manuscripts from Mount Athos. His book, The Dogmatic Orthodox Theology (1978), made him one of the best-known Christian theologians of the second half of the 20th century. He also produced commentaries on earlier Christian thinkers, such as St Gregory of Nyssa, Saint Maximus the Confessor, and St Athanasius of Alexandria.", "Q284360": "Elliott Erwitt (born Elio Romano Erwitt, 26 July 1928) is an American advertising and documentary photographer known for his black and white candid photos of ironic and absurd situations within everyday settings. He has been a Member of Magnum Photos since 1954.\n\n", "Q455574": "Helen McCloy (June 6, 1904 New York \u2013 December 1, 1992 Boston), pseudonym Helen Clarkson, was an American mystery writer, whose series character Dr. Basil Willing debuted in Dance of Death (1938). Willing believes, that \"every criminal leaves psychic fingerprints, and he can't wear gloves to hide them.\" He appeared in 13 of McCloy's novels and in several of her short stories. McCloy often used the theme of doppelganger, but in the end of the story she showed a psychological or realistic explanation for the seemingly supernatural events.", "Q374093": "John Dezso Ratzenberger (born April 6, 1947) is an American actor, voice actor, director, producer, writer and entrepreneur. He played Cliff Clavin on the TV show Cheers, for which he earned two Emmy nominations, and plays voice roles in every Pixar Animation Studios film, including Hamm in the Toy Story franchise, The Underminer in The Incredibles franchise, and Mack in the Cars franchise. He is the only voice actor to appear in every Pixar feature film, and with minor appearances in major films such as Superman and The Empire Strikes Back, he is one of the most successful actors of all time in terms of box-office receipts.Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Ratzenberger began his entertainment career while living in London in the 1970s. He had minor film and television roles throughout the late 70s and early 1980s before creating, and then landing, the role of the know-it-all mailman Cliff Clavin on Cheers (1982\u20131993), a role he portrayed throughout the show's eleven seasons. His first Pixar role was the voice of Hamm in Toy Story (1995), and he has voiced Pixar characters in films and video games ever since. From 2004 to 2008 he hosted the TV documentary series Made in America. Outside of acting, he has promoted American entrepreneurship and manufacturing, and campaigned for several Republican candidates.", "Q94125": "Grete Rehor (30 June 1910 \u2013 28 January 1987), born in Vienna, was an Austrian politician belonging to the Austrian People's Party. She was Minister of Social Affairs from 1966 to 1970, and was the first female government minister in Austria.", "Q442008": "Doris Helen Kearns Goodwin (born January 4, 1943) is an American biographer, historian, former sports journalist and political commentator.\nGoodwin has written biographies of several U.S. presidents, including Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream; The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys: An American Saga; Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln; and The Bully Pulpit: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Golden Age of Journalism.\nGoodwin's book No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II won the Pulitzer Prize for History in 1995.\nGoodwin produced the American television miniseries Washington.", "Q206411": "The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR; Azerbaijani: Az\u0259rbaycan Demokratik Respublikas\u0131), also known as Azerbaijan People's Republic (Azerbaijani: Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti), simply as Azerbaijan in Paris Peace Conference, 1919\u20131920, Caucasian Azerbaijan in some diplomatic documents abroad, was the third democratic republic in the Turkic world and Muslim world, after the Crimean People's Republic and Idel-Ural Republic. The ADR was founded by the Azerbaijani National Council in Tiflis on 28 May 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire. Its established borders were with Russia to the north, the Democratic Republic of Georgia to the north-west, the First Republic of Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south. It had a population of 2.86 million. Ganja was the temporary capital of the Republic as Baku was under Bolshevik control. The name of \"Azerbaijan\" which the leading Musavat party adopted, for political reasons, was, prior to the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918, exclusively used to identify the adjacent region of contemporary northwestern Iran.Under the ADR, a government system was developed in which a Parliament elected on the basis of universal, free, and proportionate representation was the supreme organ of state authority; the Council of Ministers was held responsible before it. Fatali Khan Khoyski became its first prime minister. Besides the Musavat majority, Ahrar, Ittihad, Muslim Social Democrats as well as representatives of Armenian (21 out of 120 seats), Russian, Polish, Jewish and German minorities gained seats in the parliament. Some members supported Pan-Islamist and Pan-Turkist ideas.Among the important accomplishments of the Parliament was the extension of suffrage to women, making Azerbaijan one of the first countries in the world, and the very first majority-Muslim nation, to grant women equal political rights with men. Another important accomplishment of the ADR was the establishment of Baku State University, which was the first modern-type university founded in Azerbaijan.", "Q973884": "St Edmund Hall (sometimes known as The Hall or affectionately as Teddy Hall) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. The college has a claim to be \"the oldest academical society for the education of undergraduates in any university\" and is the last surviving medieval hall at the University.The college is located just off Queen's Lane, near the High Street, in central Oxford. After more than seven centuries as a men-only college, it has been coeducational since 1979.As of 2018, the college had a financial endowment of roughly \u00a358 million.", "Q445767": "Shari Arison (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e8\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05df\u200e; born (1957-09-09)September 9, 1957) is an American-born Israeli businesswoman and philanthropist, and Israel's wealthiest woman. She is the owner of Arison Investments, which comprises several business companies, and of The Ted Arison Family Foundation, which comprises several philanthropic organizations that operate as its subsidiaries. She was the controlling shareholder of Bank Hapoalim for 21 years, and after selling some of her shares in November 2018, she ceased to be the controlling shareholder at the bank. She was also an owner of Shikun & Binui for 22 years, sold to the Saidoff Group on August 6, 2018.\nAs of 2007, according to Forbes, she is the richest woman in the Middle East, and the only woman to be ranked in the region's top-20 richest people in 2007. As of 2018, Forbes estimated her fortune at US$ 4.5 billion, making her the 334th-wealthiest person in the world, and the fourth-wealthiest in Israel.", "Q16654": "The Rienzenstock (2,962 m) is a mountain in Switzerland of the Glarus Alps, overlooking the valley of the Reuss near G\u00f6schenen in the canton of Uri. It is the culminating point of the group lying west of the Fellil\u00fccke.", "Q260794": "Karenjit Kaur Vohra (born May 13, 1981), known by her stage name Sunny Leone (), is a former pornographic actress currently active in the Indian film industry as an actress and model. She has American and Canadian citizenship. She has also used the stage name Karen Malhotra. She was named Penthouse Pet of the Year in 2003, was a contract performer for Vivid Entertainment, and was named by Maxim as one of the 12 top porn stars in 2010.\nShe has played roles in independent mainstream events, films, and television series. Her first mainstream appearance was in 2005, when she worked as a red carpet reporter for the MTV Video Music Awards on MTV India. In 2011, she participated in the Indian reality television series Bigg Boss. She also has hosted the Indian reality show Splitsvilla.\nIn 2012, she made her Bollywood debut in Pooja Bhatt's erotic thriller Jism 2 (2012) and shifted her focus to mainstream acting which was followed up with Jackpot (2013), Ragini MMS 2 (2014), Ek Paheli Leela (2015) and Tera Intezaar (2017).\nApart from her acting career she has been part of activism campaigns including the Rock 'n' Roll Los Angeles Half-Marathon to raise money for the American Cancer Society and has also posed for a People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) ad campaign with a rescued dog, encouraging pet owners to have their cats and dogs spayed and neutered.\nSince 2011, Leone has been married to musician Daniel Weber.\nShe currently lives in Mumbai, Maharashtra.Sunny Leone has appeared in the Malayalam film Madhura Raja in 2019.", "Q254431": "Alexis Arquette (July 28, 1969 \u2013 September 11, 2016) was an American actress, cabaret performer, underground cartoonist, and activist.", "Q169708": "Luigi Firpo (4 January 1915 in Turin \u2013 2 March 1989 in Turin) was an Italian historian and politician.\nHe taught history of political thought at the University of Turin. He has been credited as \"an excellent editor and lucky finder of texts\" which were particularly influential in the study of Tommaso Campanella. In 1943, a time of great upheaval for Italy, Firpo discovered in Trento's Civic Library a 1602 manuscript of Campanella's The City of the Sun (shelf mark BCT1-1538), which is considered the most ancient manuscript copy that has survived to present time.\nFirpo was a member of the Italian Republican Party and of the Italian Parliament serving from 9 July 1987 to March 2, 1989.", "Q212464": "New Kids on the Block (also initialized as NKOTB) is an American boy band from Dorchester, Massachusetts, United States. The band consists of brothers Jonathan and Jordan Knight, Joey McIntyre, Donnie Wahlberg, and Danny Wood. New Kids on the Block enjoyed success in the late 1980s and early 1990s and have sold more than 80 million records worldwide. They won two American Music Awards in 1990 for Favorite Pop/Rock Band, Duo, or Group and Favorite Pop/Rock Album. The group disbanded in 1994, and reunited in 2008.\nAfter secretly reuniting in 2007 and recording a new record, the group released that new album and embarked on a concert tour in 2008. The album, entitled The Block, was released on September 2, 2008. New Kids on the Block was listed as number 16 on Rolling Stone's Top 25 Teen Idol Breakout Moments. The group was on tour with the Backstreet Boys in 2011\u201312 as NKOTBSB. This collaboration first performed live together on November 21, 2010 at the American Music Awards on ABC and again on 2011 New Year's on ABC's Dick Clark/Ryan Seacrest show. The group received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on October 9, 2014.", "Q65862": "Reichenburg is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.", "Q1981803": "Alberto Ibarg\u00fcen (born February 29, 1944) is President and CEO of the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation in Miami, Florida. He is the former publisher of The Miami Herald and El Nuevo Herald in Miami, Florida. Under his leadership, The Miami Herald won three Pulitzer Prizes; El Nuevo Herald won Spain's Ortega y Gasset Prize for excellence in journalism.", "Q617933": "Ma Jun (fl. 220\u2013265), courtesy name Deheng, was a Chinese mechanical engineer, inventor, and politician who lived in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. His most notable invention was that of the south-pointing chariot, a directional compass vehicle which actually had no magnetic function, but was operated by use of differential gears (which applies equal amount of torque to driving wheels rotating at different speeds). It is because of this revolutionary device (and other achievements) that Ma Jun is known as one of the most brilliant mechanical engineers and inventors of his day (alongside Zhang Heng of the earlier Eastern Han dynasty). The device was re-invented by many after Ma Jun, including the astronomer and mathematician Zu Chongzhi (429\u2013500). In the later medieval dynastic periods, Ma Jun's south-pointing chariot was combined in a single device with the distance-measuring odometer.\n\n", "Q177536": "Roger Helmer (born 25 January 1944) is a British politician and businessman. He was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the East Midlands region from 1999 to 2017. Before becoming an MEP, he was a business executive.\nHelmer was elected to the European Parliament in 1999, 2004, and 2009 as a member of the Conservative Party and in 2014 as a member of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), having defected from the Conservatives to UKIP in March 2012. He has described himself as a eurosceptic and is a supporter of the Better Off Out campaign.", "Q55779": "P.1 p.2 p.3. P.3\n\nRamabai Ranade (25 January 1863 \u2013 25 January 1924) was an Indian social worker and one of the first womens' rights activists in the 19th century. At the age of 11, she was married to Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade, who was a distinguished Indian scholar and social reformer. In that era of social inequality, women were not allowed to go to school and become literate. \nRamabai, soon after her marriage, started to learn reading and writing with strong support and encouragement from Mahadev Govind Ranade. Starting with her native language Marathi, she strove hard to master English and Bengali.\nInspired by her husband, Ramabai started 'Hindu Ladies Social Club' in Mumbai to develop public speaking among women. Ramabai was also a founder and President of 'Seva Sadan Society' in Pune. Ramabai devoted her life to the improvement of women's lives. Ramabai Ranade with her husband and other colleagues established in 1886 the first girls' high school in Pune, the renowned Huzurpaga.\n\n", "Q252040": "Samer el Nahhal (born 11 July 1975, Espoo, Finland) is a musician who is known as the former bassist of the Finnish hard rock band Lordi. He went by the stage name of OX (both letters capitalized). He studied in Musicians Institute in Los Angeles.He had announced on March 14, 2019 that following the summer festivals that year, he would be departing from Lordi.", "Q483654": "Sunni Islam () is the largest denomination of Islam, followed by 87\u201390% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word sunnah, referring to the behaviour of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagreement over the succession to Muhammad and subsequently acquired broader political significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions.According to Sunni traditions, Muhammad did not clearly designate a successor and the Muslim community acted according to his sunnah in electing his father-in-law Abu Bakr as the first caliph. This contrasts with the Shia view, which holds that Muhammad announced his son-in-law and cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor, most notably at Ghadir Khumm. Political tensions between Sunnis and Shias continued with varying intensity throughout Islamic history and have been exacerbated in recent times by ethnic conflicts and the rise of Wahhabism.The adherents of Sunni Islam are referred to in Arabic as ahl as-sunnah wa l-jam\u0101\u02bbah (\"the people of the sunnah and the community\") or ahl as-sunnah for short. In English, its doctrines and practices are sometimes called Sunnism, while adherents are known as Sunni Muslims, Sunnis, Sunnites and Ahlus Sunnah. Sunni Islam is sometimes referred to as \"orthodox Islam\", though some scholars view this translation as inappropriate.The Quran, together with hadith (especially those collected in Kutub al-Sittah) and binding juristic consensus, form the basis of all traditional jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Sharia rulings are derived from these basic sources, in conjunction with analogical reasoning, consideration of public welfare and juristic discretion, using the principles of jurisprudence developed by the traditional legal schools. In matters of creed, the Sunni tradition upholds the six pillars of iman (faith) and comprises the Ash'ari and Maturidi schools of rationalistic theology as well as the textualist school known as traditionalist theology. Sunni Islam is not a coherent line of tradition, but a consolidation of doctrines and positions worked out over time in discussions and writings.", "Q448243": "Lee Joseph \"Bru\" Archambault (born August 25, 1960) is an American test pilot and former NASA astronaut. He has logged over 4,250 flight hours in more than 30 different aircraft. Archambault is married with three children. His hobbies include bicycling, weightlifting, and playing ice hockey. Archambault has received numerous awards and honors throughout his life. He has also flown two Space Shuttle missions, as pilot of STS-117 in 2007 and as commander of STS-119 in 2009. Archambault left NASA in 2013 after a 15-year career with the agency in order to become a test pilot for Sierra Nevada Corporation on their Dream Chaser orbital spaceplane project.", "Q436789": "Diana Love Webster (n\u00e9e Dill; formerly Douglas and Darrid; January 22, 1923 \u2013 July 3, 2015) was an American actress born in Bermuda who was known for her marriage to actor Kirk Douglas from 1943 until their divorce in 1951. Diana Douglas was the mother of Michael and Joel Douglas.\nIn 1942, Douglas began her career as an actress and appeared in more than 50 films. Some of her well-known roles were as Susan Rogers in The Indian Fighter (co-starring Kirk Douglas) and as Peg in Planes, Trains and Automobiles. She was also known for her recurring role as Martha Evans in Days of Our Lives (1977\u20131979, 1982). In 2003, she appeared in It Runs in the Family with her ex-husband Kirk, her son Michael and her grandson Cameron. She retired from acting in 2008.", "Q121770": "Martin Burkert (born 14 October 1964) is a German politician and member of the SPD.\n\n", "Q159813": "Nicholas John Griffin (born 1 March 1959) is a British politician who represented North West England as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 to 2014. He served as chairman and then president of the far-right British National Party (BNP) from 1999 to 2014, when he was expelled from the party.\nBorn in Barnet, Griffin was educated at Woodbridge School in Suffolk. He joined the National Front at the age of 14 and, following his graduation from the University of Cambridge, became a political worker for the party. In 1980 he became a member of its governing body, and later wrote articles for several right-wing magazines. He was the National Front's candidate for the seat of Croydon North West in 1981 and 1983, but left the party in 1989. In 1995 he joined the BNP and in 1999 became its leader. He stood as the party's candidate in several elections and became a member of the European Parliament for North West England in the 2009 European elections.\nIn 1998, Griffin was convicted of distributing material likely to incite racial hatred, for which he received a suspended prison sentence. In 2006 he was acquitted of separate charges of inciting racial hatred. Griffin has been criticised for many of his comments on political, social, ethical and religious matters, but after becoming leader of the BNP he sought to distance himself from some of his previously held positions, which included Holocaust denial. In recent years, events where Griffin has been invited to participate in public debates or political discussions have proven controversial and often resulted in protests and cancellations.", "Q864452": "Ryutaro Nakahara (\u4e2d\u539f \u9f8d\u592a\u90ce, Nakahara Ry\u016btar\u014d, born October 1, 1979), known by his stage name Ryu\u2606, is a musician and DJ. In 2000, Ryu, along with kors k won a contest started by Konami, in which composers were to make music such that the winners would get their songs in the next Beatmania IIDX installment. Ryu's entry \"Starmine\" and kors k's \"Clione\" won the contest and both songs were featured in Beatmania IIDX 4th Style.Ryu returned in Beatmania IIDX 9th Style with a remix of Dj taka's \"Abyss\", and composed more songs in 10th style onwards. Since then, Ryu has become a mainstay composer for Konami's Bemani series as well as a freelance musician. Ryu has become a part of beatnation records, which compose of Kors K, DJ Taka, L.E.D., S\u014dta Fujimori and DJ Yoshitaka.\nHe has numerous works outside of Konami as well, including \"Orion\" from HARDCORE TANO*C's \"HARDCORE SYNDROME 2\" album and remixes of the famous \"Caramelldansen\" and \"Caipirinha\".", "Q485231": "Cannibal Corpse is an American death metal band from Buffalo, New York, United States. Formed in December 1988, the band has released fourteen studio albums, two box sets, four video albums, and two live albums. The band has had little radio or television exposure throughout its career, although a cult following began to build after the release of the 1991 album Butchered at Birth and 1992 album Tomb of the Mutilated. As of 2015, they achieved worldwide sales of two million units for combined sales of all their albums, making them the top-selling death metal band of all time.Bassist Alex Webster came up with the name Cannibal Corpse. They have had several lineup changes since their inception, with Webster and drummer Paul Mazurkiewicz as the only constant members. The members of Cannibal Corpse were originally inspired by thrash metal bands like Slayer and Kreator and other death metal bands such as Morbid Angel and Death. The band's album art (most often by Vincent Locke) and lyrics, drawing heavily on horror fiction and horror films, are highly controversial. At different times, several countries, such as Germany and Russia, have banned Cannibal Corpse from performing within their borders, or have banned the sale and display of original Cannibal Corpse album covers.\n\n", "Q137106": "Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey, (24 September 1898 \u2013 21 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Sir Ernst Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the development of penicillin.\nAlthough Fleming received most of the credit for the discovery of penicillin, it was Florey who carried out the first ever clinical trials of penicillin in 1941 at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford on the first patient, a police constable from Oxford. The patient started to recover, but subsequently died because Florey was unable, at that time, to make enough penicillin. It was Florey and Chain who actually made a useful and effective drug out of penicillin, after the task had been abandoned as too difficult.\nFlorey's discoveries, along with the discoveries of Fleming and Ernst Chain, are estimated to have saved over 200 million lives, and he is consequently regarded by the Australian scientific and medical community as one of its greatest figures. Sir Robert Menzies, Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister, said, \"In terms of world well-being, Florey was the most important man ever born in Australia.\"", "Q223875": "Erica Abi Wright (born February 26, 1971), known professionally as Erykah Badu (), is an American singer-songwriter, record producer and actress. Badu's career began after opening a show for D'Angelo in 1994 in Fort Worth; record label executive Kedar Massenburg was highly impressed with her performance and signed her to Kedar Entertainment. Her first album, Baduizm, was released in February 1997. It spawned three singles: \"On & On\", \"Next Lifetime\" and \"Otherside of the Game\". The album was certified triple Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Her first live album, Live, was released in November 1997 and was certified double Platinum by the RIAA.Her second studio album, Mama's Gun, was released in 2000. It spawned three singles: \"Bag Lady\", which became her first top 10 single on the Billboard Hot 100 peaking at #6, \"Didn't Cha Know?\" and \"Cleva\". The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA. Badu's third album, Worldwide Underground, was released in 2003. It generated three singles: \"Love of My Life (An Ode to Hip-Hop)\", \"Danger\" and \"Back in the Day (Puff)\" with 'Love' becoming her second song to reach the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at #9. The album was certified Gold by the RIAA. Badu's fourth album, New Amerykah Part One, was released in 2008. It spawned two singles: \"Honey\" and \"Soldier\". New Amerykah Part Two was released in 2010 and fared well both critically and commercially. It contained the album's lead single \"Window Seat\", which led to controversy.\nInfluenced by R&B, 1970s soul, and 1980s hip hop, Badu became associated with the neo soul subgenre in the 1990s along with artists like D'Angelo. Badu has been called the queen of neo soul. Her voice has been compared to jazz singer Billie Holiday. Early in her career, Badu was recognizable for her eccentric style, which often included wearing very large and colorful headwraps. She was a core member of the Soulquarians. As an actress, she has played a number of supporting roles in movies including Blues Brothers 2000, The Cider House Rules and House of D. She also has appeared in the documentaries Before the Music Dies and The Black Power Mixtapes.", "Q290301": "Mar\u00eda de Lourdes Rojo e Inch\u00e1ustegui, commonly known as Mar\u00eda Rojo (Spanish pronunciation: [ma\u02c8\u027ei.a \u02c8roxo]; born August 15, 1943 in Mexico City), is a Mexican actress and politician. She is currently Senator of the Republic in the upper house of Mexican Congress.\nShe has participated in successful Mexican films such as: Rojo amanecer, El callej\u00f3n de los milagros and El Infierno; and telenovelas such as: Alborada, Ma\u00f1ana es para siempre, Coraz\u00f3n Salvaje, and Hasta el fin del mundo.", "Q97438": "Eberhard von Brauchitsch (28 November 1926 \u2013 7 September 2010) was a German industrial manager. In his work for Flick KG, he was responsible for the donation of about 26 million Deutsche Mark to all the major German political parties and their associated foundations between 1969 and 1981. As a result of this scandal, he was sentenced to 2 years imprisonment on probation and 550,000 DM financial penalty for tax evasion. In 1982 he became a lawyer and management consultant.\n\n", "Q127315": "Harold A. Lockwood (April 12, 1887 \u2013 October 19, 1918) was an American silent film actor, director, and producer. He was one of the most popular matinee idols of the early film period during the 1910s.", "Q202663": "Nel Ust Wyclef Jean (; born October 17, 1969) is a Haitian rapper, musician and actor. At the age of nine, Jean immigrated to the United States with his family. He first achieved fame as a member of the New Jersey hip hop group the Fugees. Jean has won three Grammy Awards for his musical work.On August 5, 2010, Jean filed for candidacy in the 2010 Haitian presidential election. The Electoral Commission ruled him ineligible to stand for office, as he had not met the constitutional requirement to have been a resident in Haiti for five years prior to the election.Jean's efforts at earthquake relief, highly publicized in 2010 throughout Haiti and the United States, were channeled through his charitable organization, Y\u00e9le Haiti. The charity, which conducted education and welfare activities in Haiti between 2005 and 2010, effectively closed in 2012. It was investigated for failure to file tax returns and mismanagement of funds; a high proportion of its money went to travel and administrative expense. The New York Times reported that much of the money raised by the organization in the Hope for Haiti Now telethon was retained by Jean for his own benefit.In 2012, Jean published his memoir Purpose: An Immigrant's Story. Along with Carlos Santana, Avicii and Alexandre Pires, Jean was chosen to perform the closing ceremony at the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. Their single, \"Dar um Jeito (We Will Find a Way)\", the official World Cup anthem, was released on April 29, 2014.", "Q369968": "French Without Tears is a 1939 British comedy film directed by Anthony Asquith and starring Ray Milland. It was based on the play of the same name by Terence Rattigan who also co-wrote the script.\nAn on-off working relationship between Asquith and Rattigan began with this film and continued over the next 15 years.", "Q272384": "John Archibald Sinclair, 3rd Viscount Thurso, (born 10 September 1953), known also as John Thurso, is a Scottish businessman, Liberal Democrat politician and hereditary peer.Thurso is notable for having served in the House of Lords both before and after a period in the House of Commons. He first joined Parliament in the Lords as a hereditary peer between 1995 and 1999. Most hereditary peers were removed from Parliament following the House of Lords Act 1999. Subsequently, he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross from the 2001 election until he was defeated in the 2015 election by SNP candidate Paul Monaghan. He was the fifth generation of the Sinclair family to represent the Caithness area in the House of Commons. In 2016, he returned to the House of Lords after winning a by-election to fill a vacancy among the remaining Liberal Democrat hereditary peers.", "Q178611": "The Jura Mountains ( JOOR-\u0259, ZHOOR-\u0259, French: [\u0292y\u0281a] (listen), German: [\u02c8ju\u02d0ra] (listen), locally [\u02c8ju\u02d0\u027ea]; French: Massif du Jura; German: Juragebirge; Italian: Massiccio del Giura) are a sub-alpine mountain range located north of the Western Alps, mainly following the course of the France\u2013Switzerland border. \nThe Jura separates the Rhine and Rh\u00f4ne basins, forming part of the watershed of each. \nThe name \"Jura\" is derived from juria, a Latinized form of a Celtic stem jor- \"forest\". \nThe mountain range gives its name to the French department of Jura, the Swiss Canton of Jura, the Jurassic period of the geologic timescale, and the Montes Jura of the Moon.", "Q588067": "Natalie Christine Horler (born 23 September 1981) is a German singer and television presenter, best known for being the lead singer of the eurodance group Cascada.", "Q4799509": "Arthur Levitt Jr. (born February 3, 1931) is the former Chairman of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). He served from 1993 to 2001 as the twenty-fifth and longest-serving chairman of the commission. Widely hailed as a champion of the individual investor, he has been criticized for not pushing for tougher accounting rules. Since May 2001 he has been employed as a senior adviser at the Carlyle Group. Levitt previously served as a policy advisor to Goldman Sachs and is a Director of Bloomberg LP, parent of Bloomberg News.", "Q438968": "Carlos Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez e Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez de Ibero, 1st Marquis of Mulhac\u00e9n, (April 14, 1825 - January 28 or 29, 1891) was a Spanish divisional general and geodesist. He represented Spain at the 1875 Conference of the Metre Convention and was the first president of the International Committee for Weights and Measures. As a forerunner geodesist and president of the International Geodetic Association, he played a leading role in the worldwide dissemination of the metric system. His activities resulted in the distribution of a platinum and iridium prototype of the metre to all States parties to the Metre Convention during the first meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1889. These prototypes defined the metre right up until 1960.He was born in Barcelona. According to Spanish tradition, his surname was a combination of his father's first surname, Mart\u00edn Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez y de Prado and of his mother's first surname, Carmen Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez de Ibero y Gonz\u00e1lez del R\u00edo. As his parent's surnames were so similar he was often referred as Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez or Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez de Ibero or as Marquis of Mulhac\u00e9n. When he died in Nice (France), he was still enrolled in the Engineer Corps of the Spanish Army. As he died around midnight, the date of his death is ambiguous, Spaniards retained 28th, and continental Europeans 29 January.", "Q723328": "Jerzy W\u0142adys\u0142aw Giedroyc (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u025b\u0290\u0268 \u02c8\u0261\u02b2\u025bdr\u0254jt\u0361s]; 27 July 1906 \u2013 14 September 2000) was a Polish writer and political activist and for many years editor of the highly influential Paris-based periodical, Kultura.", "Q2720160": "Vicen\u00e7 Ferrer Moncho (9 April 1920 \u2013 19 June 2009) was a Jesuit missionary who spent his life working to improve the lives of the poor in the mission he founded in Southern India. Today the Vicente Ferrer Foundation carries out humanitarian projects in Andhra Pradesh, bringing aid to over 2.5 million poor people. many of whom are considered Dalit or untouchable.", "Q24194": "Andrey Sheptytsky, (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0428\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439; Polish: Andrzej Szeptycki; 29 July 1865 \u2013 1 November 1944) was the Metropolitan Archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church from 1901 until his death in 1944. His tenure spanned two world wars and seven political regimes: Austrian, Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Soviet, General Government (Nazi), and again Soviet.\nAccording to the church historian Jaroslav Pelikan, \"Arguably, Metropolitan Andriy Sheptytsky was the most influential figure\u2026 in the entire history of the Ukrainian Church in the twentieth century\". The Lviv National Museum, founded by Sheptytsky in 1905, now bears his name.\nInformation-Resource Center of Ukrainian Catholic University that was opened on Septembre 2017 also bears his name - The Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky Center.\n\n", "Q310515": "Bernard Hill (born 17 December 1944) is an English film, stage and television actor. He is known for playing Yosser Hughes, the troubled \"hard man\" whose life is falling apart in Alan Bleasdale's groundbreaking 1980s TV drama Boys from the Blackstuff and, more recently, as the Duke of Norfolk in the BBC adaptation of Dame Hilary Mantel's Wolf Hall. He is also known for roles in blockbuster films, including Captain Edward Smith in Titanic, King Th\u00e9oden in The Lord of the Rings film trilogy and Luther Plunkitt, the Warden of San Quentin Prison in the Clint Eastwood film True Crime.", "Q52002": "Yanin \"Jeeja\" Vismitananda (Thai: \u0e0d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e19 \"\u0e08\u0e35\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\" \u0e27\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e34\u0e15\u0e30\u0e19\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e19\u0e4c; RTGS: Yanin \"Chicha\" Wisamittanan), n\u00e9e Nicharee Vismitananda (Thai: \u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e4c \u0e27\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e34\u0e15\u0e30\u0e19\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e19\u0e4c; RTGS: Nitchari Wisamittanan), (born March 31, 1984) is a Thai actress and martial artist. She specializes in Taekwondo. She is credited as Yanin Mitananda in Chocolate.\n\n", "Q715842": "Robert George Pickett (February 11, 1938 \u2013 April 25, 2007), known also by the name Bobby \"Boris\" Pickett, was an American singer, songwriter, actor and comedian known for co-writing and performing the 1962 hit novelty song \"Monster Mash.\"", "Q121764": "Anton Donhauser (September 19, 1913 - February 10, 1987) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.", "Q204212": "Rebecca is a 1940 American romantic psychological thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It was Hitchcock's first American project, and his first film under contract with producer David O. Selznick. The screenplay by Robert E. Sherwood and Joan Harrison, and adaptation by Philip MacDonald and Michael Hogan, were based on the 1938 novel of the same name by Daphne du Maurier.\nThe film stars Laurence Olivier as the brooding, aristocratic widower Maxim de Winter and Joan Fontaine as the young woman who becomes his second wife, with Judith Anderson, George Sanders and Gladys Cooper in supporting roles. The film is a gothic tale shot in black-and-white. Maxim de Winter's first wife Rebecca, who died before the events of the film, is never seen. Her reputation and recollections of her, however, are a constant presence in the lives of Maxim, his new wife and the housekeeper Mrs. Danvers.\nThe film won the Academy Award for Best Picture of 1940 and it is the only film directed by Hitchcock to win that prestigious accolade. Rebecca won two Academy Awards, Best Picture and Best Cinematography, out of a total 11 nominations. Olivier, Fontaine and Anderson also were Oscar-nominated for their respective roles as were Hitchcock and the screenwriters.", "Q153494": "Rothenburg ob der Tauber (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281o\u02d0tn\u0329b\u028a\u0281k \u0294\u0254p de\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u02c8ta\u028ab\u0250] (listen)) is a town in the district of Ansbach of Mittelfranken (Middle Franconia), the Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany. It is well known for its well-preserved medieval old town, a destination for tourists from around the world. It is part of the popular Romantic Road through southern Germany.\nRothenburg was a Free imperial city from the late Middle Ages to 1803. In 1884 Johann Friedrich (von) Hessing (1838\u20131918) built Wildbad Rothenburg o.d.T. 1884\u20131903.", "Q389122": "The Land Before Time XI: Invasion of the Tinysauruses is a 2005 direct-to-video animated film and the 11th film in The Land Before Time series. It was released on January 11, 2005 by Universal Studios Home Video.", "Q69094": "Ralph Giordano (23 March 1923 \u2013 10 December 2014) was a German writer and publicist.", "Q92540": "Franz Peter Wirth (22 September 1919 in Munich \u2013 17 October 1999 in Berg, Upper Bavaria) was a German film director and screenwriter. His film Helden was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1958.", "Q49344": "\u00d3scar Arias S\u00e1nchez (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8oska\u027e \u02c8a\u027ejas]; born 13 September 1940 in Heredia, Costa Rica) was President of Costa Rica from 1986 to 1990 and from 2006 to 2010. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987 for his efforts to end the Central American crisis.\nHe was also a recipient of the Albert Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism and a trustee of Economists for Peace and Security. In 2003, he was elected to the Board of Directors of the International Criminal Court's Trust Fund for Victims.Arias is currently facing several judicial accusations, one for criminal malfeasance due to a decree of national interest about gold mining in a protected area and nine for sexual assault.", "Q355049": "Owain Sebastian Yeoman is a Welsh actor. His credits include The Nine, Kitchen Confidential, AMC's Turn (as Benedict Arnold) and the HBO series Generation Kill. Additionally, he portrayed CBI Agent Wayne Rigsby in The Mentalist and portrays Benny Gallagher in Emergence.", "Q163557": "Pavel Kohout (born 20 July 1928) is a Czech and Austrian novelist, playwright, and poet. He was a member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, a Prague Spring participant and dissident in the 1970s until he was not allowed to return from Austria. He was a founding member of the Charter 77 movement.", "Q593321": "The University of Genoa, known also with the acronym UniGe (Italian: Universit\u00e0 di Genova), is one of the largest universities in Italy. It is located in the city of Genoa and regional Metropolitan City of Genoa, on the Italian Riviera in the Liguria region of northwestern Italy. The original university was founded in 1481.\nAccording to Microsoft Academic Search 2016 rankings, the University of Genoa has high-ranking positions among the European universities in multiple computer science fields: \n\nin machine learning and pattern recognition the University of Genoa is the best scientific institution in Italy and is ranked 36th in Europe;\nin computer vision the University of Genoa is the best scientific institution in Italy and is ranked 34th in Europe;\nin computer graphics the University of Genoa is ranked 2nd institution in Italy and 35th in Europe.The University of Genoa has a strong collaboration with the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), since its foundation in 2005.\nThe University of Genoa is currently setting up a big project for a new Faculty of Engineering within the Erzelli Great Campus science technology park, in the Western side of Genoa. The contracts were signed in October 2018, the final project should be released in 2019, the construction works should start in 2020, and the new faculty should open in 2023.", "Q688961": "Arlesheim District is one of the five districts of the largely German-speaking canton of Basel-Country, Switzerland. Its capital is the town of Arlesheim. It has a population of 156,591 (as of 31 March 2017).", "Q41718": "Emiliano Zapata Salazar (Spanish pronunciation: [emi\u02c8ljano sa\u02c8pata]; 8 August 1879 \u2013 10 April 1919) was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution, the main leader of the peasant revolution in the state of Morelos, and the inspiration of the agrarian movement called Zapatismo.\nZapata was born in the rural village of Anenecuilco in Morelos State, where peasant communities were under increasing pressure from the small landowning class who monopolized land and water resources for sugar cane production with the support of dictator Porfirio D\u00edaz. Zapata early on participated in political movements against Diaz and the landowning hacendados, and when the Revolution broke out in 1910 he was positioned as a central leader of the peasant revolt in Morelos. Cooperating with a number of other peasant leaders he formed the Liberation Army of the South, of which he soon became the undisputed leader. Zapata's forces contributed to the fall of D\u00edaz, defeating the Federal Army in the Battle of Cuautla, but when the revolutionary leader Francisco I. Madero became president he disavowed the role of the Zapatistas, denouncing them as simple bandits. In November 1911, Zapata promulgated the Plan de Ayala which called for substantial land reforms, redistributing lands to the peasants. Madero sent the Federal Army to root out the Zapatistas in Morelos. Madero's generals employed a scorched earth policy, burning villages and forcibly removing their inhabitants, and drafting many men into the Army or sending them to forced labor camps in southern Mexico. This strengthened Zapata's standing among the peasants, and Zapata was able to drive the forces of Madero led by Victoriano Huerta out of Morelos. In a coup against Madero in February 1913, Huerta took power in Mexico, but a coalition of Constitutionalist forces in northern Mexico led by Venustiano Carranza, \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n and Francisco \"Pancho\" Villa ousted him in July 1914 with the support of Zapata's troops. Zapata did not recognize the authority that Carranza asserted as leader of the revolutionary movement, continuing his adherence to the Plan de Ayala.\nIn the aftermath of the revolutionaries' victory over Huerta, they attempted to sort out power relations in the Convention of Aguascalientes. Zapata and Villa broke with Carranza, and Mexico descended into civil war among the winners. Dismayed with the alliance with Villa, Zapata focused his energies on rebuilding society in Morelos which he now controlled, instituting the land reforms of the Plan de Ayala. As Carranza consolidated his power and defeated Villa in 1915, Zapata initiated guerrilla warfare against the Carrancistas, who in turn invaded Morelos, employing once again scorched-earth tactics to oust the Zapatista rebels. Zapata once again retook Morelos in 1917 and held most of the state against Carranza's troops until he was killed in an ambush in April 1919. Article 27 of the 1917 Mexican Constitution was drafted in response to his agrarian demands.After his death, Zapatista generals aligned with Obreg\u00f3n against Carranza and helped drive Carranza from power. In 1920, Zapatistas managed to obtain powerful posts in the governance of Morelos after Carranza's fall. They instituted many of the land reforms envisioned by Zapata in Morelos.\nZapata remains an iconic figure in Mexico, used both as a nationalist symbol as well as a symbol of the neo-Zapatista movement.", "Q78199": "Willi Piecyk (born 11 August 1948 in Munich; died 1 August 2008 in Gro\u00dfhansdorf) was a German politician and\nMember of the European Parliament with the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Socialist Group and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Fisheries and its Committee on Transport and Tourism.\nHe was a substitute for the Committee on Budgets and a member of the\nDelegation to the EU-Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Joint Parliamentary Committee.\nFrom 1966 to 1968, he served as a police officer.", "Q165126": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Pernes (4 July 1948, Svitavy) is a Czech historian.\nBetween 1984-1990 he was director of the Historical Museum in Slavkov u Brna (Austerlitz), then between 1990-1992 he was director of the Moravsk\u00e9 zemsk\u00e9 muzeum in Brno. In 2011 he directed the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes. Ji\u0159\u00ed Pernes held lectures at the Masaryk University in Brno and at the Jan Evangelista Purkyn\u011b University in \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem.Nowadays he works in the Institute for Contemporary History at the Czech Academy of Science in Brno. He wrote many books and papers about Moravian, Czech and Czechoslovak history in 19th and 20th centuries.\nIn 2010 he was dismissed from his position as director of the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes after allegations he had plagiarized large portions of his 1997 book about Emanuel Moravec from another person's doctoral dissertation. Pernes' said he had never knowingly copied the work of others.", "Q47369": "The harp is a stringed musical instrument that has a number of individual strings running at an angle to its soundboard; the strings are plucked with the fingers.", "Q445773": "Giovanni Antonini (born 1965) is an Italian conductor and soloist on the recorder and baroque transverse flute. He studied in his native Milan, and attended the Civica Scuola di Musica in that city and the Centre de Musique Ancienne in Geneva. In 1985, along with Luca Pianca, he co-founded Il Giardino Armonico, a pioneering Italian early-music ensemble based in Milan.Antonini is part of the Italian period instruments movement, and has performed with musicians including Christoph Pr\u00e9gardien, Christophe Coin, Katia and Marielle Lab\u00e8que, Viktoria Mullova and Giuliano Carmignola. With Il Giardino Armonico he has received the Gramophone Award, Diapason d\u2019Or, and Choc du Monde de la Musique.In 2014, Antonini and Il Giardino Armonico commenced a project aiming to perform and record all of Joseph Haydn's symphonies by 2032, the 300th anniversary of the composer's birth.", "Q508101": "James Stephens (9 February 1880 \u2013 26 December 1950) was an Irish novelist and poet.", "Q93138": "Yoav Freund (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05d0\u05d1 \u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d9\u05e0\u05d3\u200e) is an Israeli professor of computer science at the University of California San Diego who mainly works on machine learning, probability theory and related fields and applications. He is best known for his work on the AdaBoost algorithm, an ensemble learning algorithm which is used to combine many \"weak\" learning machines to create a more robust one. He received the G\u00f6del prize in 2003 for his work on AdaBoost with Robert Schapire.He is an alumnus of the prestigious Talpiot program of the Israeli army.\n\n", "Q1762165": "Action fiction is the literary genre that includes spy novels, adventure stories, tales of terror and intrigue (\"cloak and dagger\"), and mysteries. This kind of story utilizes suspense, the tension that is built up when the reader wishes to know how the conflict between the protagonist and antagonist is going to be resolved or what the solution to the puzzle of a thriller is.", "Q84444": "Jernej Bartol Kopitar (21 August 1780 \u2013 11 August 1844) was a Slovene linguist and philologist working in Vienna. He also worked as the Imperial censor for Slovene literature in Vienna. He is perhaps best known for his role in the Serbian language reform started by Vuk Stefanovi\u0107 Karad\u017ei\u0107, where he played a vital role in supporting the reform by using his reputation and influence as a Slavic philologist.", "Q869604": "Crazy Town (sometimes abbreviated as CXT) is an American rap rock band, formed in Los Angeles, California in 1995 by Bret Mazur and Seth Binzer. Crazy Town is best known for their 2000 hit single, \"Butterfly\", which reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and helped their debut album, The Gift of Game (1999) sell over 1.5 million units. Their follow-up album, Darkhorse (2002) failed to achieve the same level of success, contributing to the band's break-up in 2003. Mazur and Binzer reformed the band in 2007, and released their third album, The Brimstone Sluggers, in 2015. In 2017, Mazur left the band and Binzer changed the name of the band to Crazy Town X.", "Q8071885": "Zilia S\u00e1nchez Dominguez is a Puerto Rico-based Cuban artist born in Havana in 1926. She started her career as a set designer and an abstract painter for radical theatre groups in Cuba before the Cuban revolution of 1953-59. Sanchez blurs the lines between sculpture and painting by creating canvases layered with three dimensional protrusions and shapes. Her works are minimal in color, and have erotic overtones. \n\n", "Q551712": "Sergei Ivanovich Mosin (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043d, April 2 or 14, 1849 - February 8, 1902) was a Russian Major General, engineer, and the main contributor to the design of the 3-line rifle, Model 1891 (Russian: \"\u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0430 1891 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\"), colloquially known as Mosin\u2013Nagant.", "Q974899": "Shenzhen Airlines (Chinese: \u6df1\u5733\u822a\u7a7a; pinyin: Sh\u0113nzh\u00e8n H\u00e1ngk\u014dng) is an airline headquartered in Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport in Bao'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong. It has been a member of Star Alliance since 2012, and is currently one of two Chinese airlines that is part of the global airline network.The carrier operates a total of 137 domestic airport-pairs involving 58 Chinese airports, plus nine international routes. In 2010, the airline carried 16.5 million passengers, up 9% on the previous year.", "Q85982": "Gershon Shaked (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05e7\u05d3\u200e)\n(1929\u20132006) was an Israeli scholar and critic of Hebrew literature.", "Q102803": "Joseph Baumgartner (November 16, 1904 in Sulzemoos \u2013 January 21, 1964 in Munich) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria, Bavarian People's Party and the Bavaria Party.\nHe was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.", "Q2862010": "Armand Antoine Ag\u00e9nor de Gramont, 12th Duc de Gramont (29 September 1879 \u2013 2 August 1962) was a French nobleman, scientist and industrialist. He was known by the courtesy title of Duc de Guiche until 1925, when he succeeded his father as Duc de Gramont. He was the eldest son of Antoine Alfred Ag\u00e9nor de Gramont, 11e duc de Gramont and Marguerite de Rothschild.\nIn 1904, he married \u00c9laine Greffulhe, the daughter of Count Greffulhe and his wife, \u00c9lisabeth de Riquet de Caraman-Chimay (said to be a model for the Duchess of Guermantes in Marcel Proust\u2019s novel, \u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu). \nA rare film clip shows Proust (in bowler hat and grey coat) at Gramont's wedding in 1904. Proust\u2019s wedding gift to Gramont was apparently a revolver in a leather case inscribed with verses from the bride\u2019s childhood poems.", "Q662406": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Deniau (31 October 1928 in Paris \u2013 24 January 2007 in Paris) was a French statesman, diplomat, essayist and novelist. Until 1998, he was a member of the UDF (Union for French Democracy).", "Q561809": "Richard Hunt (August 17, 1951 \u2013 January 7, 1992) was an American puppeteer and director, best known as a Muppet performer on Sesame Street, The Muppet Show, Fraggle Rock, and other projects for The Jim Henson Company. His roles on The Muppet Show included Scooter, Statler, Janice, Beaker and Sweetums.", "Q11891": "James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795 \u2013 June 15, 1849) was the 11th president of the United States, serving from 1845 to 1849. He previously was Speaker of the House of Representatives (1835\u20131839) and governor of Tennessee (1839\u20131841). A prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Andrew Jackson, he was a member of the Democratic Party and an advocate of Jacksonian democracy. Polk is chiefly known for extending the territory of the United States during the Mexican\u2013American War; during his presidency, the United States expanded significantly with the annexation of the Republic of Texas, the Oregon Territory, and the Mexican Cession following the American victory in the Mexican\u2013American War.\nAfter building a successful law practice in Tennessee, Polk was elected to the state legislature (1823) and then to the United States House of Representatives in 1825, becoming a strong supporter of Andrew Jackson. After serving as chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, he became Speaker in 1835, the only president to have been Speaker. Polk left Congress to run for governor of Tennessee; he won in 1839, but lost in 1841 and 1843. He was a dark horse candidate for the Democratic nomination for president in 1844; he entered his party's convention as a potential nominee for vice president, but emerged as a compromise to head the ticket when no presidential candidate could secure the necessary two-thirds majority. In the general election, Polk defeated Henry Clay of the rival Whig Party.\nHistorians have praised Polk for having met during his four-year term every major domestic and foreign policy goal he had set. After a negotiation fraught with risk of war, he reached a settlement with Great Britain over the disputed Oregon Country, the territory for the most part being divided along the 49th parallel. Polk achieved a sweeping victory in the Mexican\u2013American War, which resulted in the cession by Mexico of nearly all the American Southwest. He secured a substantial reduction of tariff rates with the Walker tariff of 1846. The same year, he achieved his other major goal, re-establishment of the Independent Treasury system. Historian Thomas A. Bailey says that during the Mexican war, \"Polk was an energetic and indefatigable war leader, and he emerged, partly through rare good luck, with uninterrupted success. He kept the sole direction of the war in his own hands, from grand strategy to the procurement of mules.\" True to his campaign pledge to serve only one term, Polk left office in 1849 and returned to Tennessee where he died three months after leaving the White House.\nThough he is relatively obscure today, scholars have ranked Polk favorably for his ability to promote and achieve the major items on his presidential agenda. However, he has also been criticized for leading the country into an unnecessary war against Mexico and for exacerbating sectional divides. A slaveholder for most of his adult life, he owned a plantation in Mississippi and bought slaves while president. A major legacy of Polk's presidency is territorial expansion, as the United States reached the Pacific coast and became poised to be a world power. However, sectional divisions in the U.S. were exacerbated by the territorial expansion and the Civil War is considered a direct consequence of Polk's policy.\n\n", "Q2706": "Bremerhaven (German pronunciation: [\u02ccb\u0281e\u02d0m\u0250\u02c8ha\u02d0fn\u0329] (listen), literally \"Bremener Harbor\", Low German: Bremerhoben) is a city at the seaport of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, a state of the Federal Republic of Germany.\nIt forms an enclave in the state of Lower Saxony and is located at the mouth of the River Weser on its eastern bank, opposite the town of Nordenham. Though a relatively new city, it has a long history as a trade port and today is one of the most important German ports, playing a role in Germany's trade.", "Q92226": "Franziska Drohsel (born 1 June 1980 in Wedding, West Berlin) is a German politician. From 24 November 2007 until 18 June 2010 she was chairperson of the Young Socialists in the SPD (also called \"Jusos\"), a division of the German Social Democratic Party.\nDrohsel studied law, and including an Eramus exchange year at La Sapienza University, in Rome. After state legal exams in 2005, she became a doctoral student and researcher at Humboldt University of Berlin. She has been active with Jusos since 1995, and the SPD since 2001. She is also a member of the trade union ver.di. As a result of public pressure, a few days after being elected Jusos party chairperson, she gave up her membership to Rote Hilfe e.V. (a revival of the historical International Red Aid), which is considered to be a left-wing extremist organization by the German Verfassungsschutz.Drohsel earned a doctorate under Ulrich Battis in 2010, with a dissertation entitled \"Vereinbarkeit gesetzlicher \u00d6ffnungsklauseln mit der Koalitionsfreiheit aus Art. 9 Abs. 3 GG.\"", "Q173022": "Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) in the lungs that causes coughing. Symptoms include coughing up sputum, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Bronchitis can be acute or chronic.Acute bronchitis usually has a cough that lasts around three weeks, and is also known as a chest cold. In more than 90% of cases the cause is a viral infection. These viruses may be spread through the air when people cough or by direct contact. A small number of cases are caused by a bacterial infection such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Bordetella pertussis. Risk factors include exposure to tobacco smoke, dust, and other air pollution. Treatment of acute bronchitis typically involves rest, paracetamol (acetaminophen), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to help with the fever.Chronic bronchitis is defined as a productive cough \u2013 one that produces sputum \u2013 that lasts for three months or more per year for at least two years. Many people with chronic bronchitis have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tobacco smoking is the most common cause, with a number of other factors such as air pollution and genetics playing a smaller role. Treatments include quitting smoking, vaccinations, rehabilitation, and often inhaled bronchodilators and steroids. Some people may benefit from long-term oxygen therapy.Acute bronchitis is one of the most common diseases. About 5% of adults are affected and about 6% of children have at least one episode a year. Acute bronchitis is the most common type of bronchitis. In the United States, in 2018, 9.3 million people were diagnosed with chronic bronchitis.", "Q1774707": "Urban B\u00e4ckstr\u00f6m (born 25 May 1954, Sollefte\u00e5, V\u00e4sternorrlands l\u00e4n) is a Swedish economist who was CEO of the Confederation of Swedish Enterprise from 2005 to 2014 and governor of the Bank of Sweden from 1994 to 2002.", "Q598512": "Divinefire is a Christian metal group founded in the spring of 2004 by Finnish guitarist Jani Stefanovic, and Swedish singer Christian Liljegren. Liljegren is the current frontman of the band Narnia.\nThe group signed a contract with King Records, in Japan and proceeded to release their first album, Glory Thy Name on December 18, 2004. One month later it was released in Western countries by Rivel Records, Christian Liljegren's label.\nTheir style mixes power metal with both melodic and aggressive elements.They have also had many special guest musicians on their albums. Among them have been Carl Johan Grimmark of Narnia and Eric Clayton of Saviour Machine.", "Q128998": "Luis Miguel S\u00e1nchez Cerro (August 12, 1889 \u2013 April 30, 1933) was a high-ranking Peruvian army officer who served as the 48th President of Peru, from 1931 to 1933 as well as Interim President of Peru, officially as the President of the Provisional Government Junta, from 1930 to 1931. On August 22, 1930, as a lieutenant-colonel, he overturned the eleven-year dictatorship of Augusto B. Legu\u00eda after a coup d'\u00e9tat in Arequipa.\nFollowing Legu\u00eda's resignation, Manuel Ponce was interim president until S\u00e1nchez was chosen on August 27. The new president flew to Lima and himself served as provisional president until the military with whom he had effected the coup forced him into exile after six months in office.", "Q2665428": "Free-Will (\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30a6\u30a3\u30eb) is a Japanese independent record label founded in 1986 by Color vocalist Hiroshi \"Dynamite Tommy\" Tomioka, with branches predominantly in Japan and the United States, as well as previously in Europe. It also continues to co-manage many of its artists after they have signed recording contracts with a major record label. Free-Will along with Extasy Records are credited with helping to spread the visual kei movement. Free-Will also produced the 2001 anime adaptation of the long running manga series Grappler Baki.", "Q121002": "Thomas F\u00fcri (22 July 1947 \u2013 23 July 2017)) was a Swiss violinist, and a teacher at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Basel. He studied with his father Erich F\u00fcri and with Max Rostal at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Bern. He completed his studies with Ivan Galamian at the Juilliard School in New York. From 1973 till 1980 he was leader in Koblenz, Lausanne and Basel. From 1979 till 1993 he led the Camerata Bern. From 1980 till 1991 he taught at the academies in Winterthur and Z\u00fcrich. In 1985 he joined I Salonisti, appearing in the 1997 film Titanic. In 1993 he was awarded the Musikpreis des Kantons Bern. From 2000 he was a member of the Aria Quartet.Thomas F\u00fcri played on a 1761 Giovanni Battista Guadagnini violin.", "Q157194": "Alberto Giacometti (UK: , US: , Italian: [al\u02c8b\u025brto d\u0292ako\u02c8metti]; 10 October 1901 \u2013 11 January 1966) was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman and printmaker. Beginning in 1922, he lived and worked mainly in Paris but regularly visited his hometown Borgonovo to see his family and work on his art.\nGiacometti was one of the most important sculptors of the 20th century. His work was particularly influenced by artistic styles such as Cubism and Surrealism. Philosophical questions about the human condition, as well as existential and phenomenological debates played a significant role in his work. Around 1935 he gave up on his Surrealistic influences in order to pursue a more deepened analysis of figurative compositions. Giacometti wrote texts for periodicals and exhibition catalogues and recorded his thoughts and memories in notebooks and diaries. His self-critical nature led to great doubts about his work and his ability to do justice to his own artistic ideas but acted as a great motivating force.Between 1938 and 1944 Giacometti's sculptures had a maximum height of seven centimeters (2.75 inches). Their small size reflected the actual distance between the artist's position and his model. In this context he self-critically stated: \"But wanting to create from memory what I had seen, to my terror the sculptures became smaller and smaller\". After World War II, Giacometti created his most famous sculptures: his extremely tall and slender figurines. These sculptures were subject to his individual viewing experience\u2014between an imaginary yet real, a tangible yet inaccessible space.In Giacometti's whole body of work, his painting constitutes only a small part. After 1957, however, his figurative paintings were equally as present as his sculptures. His almost monochromatic paintings of his late work do not refer to any other artistic styles of modernity.", "Q99373": "Werner Schwier (born 28 May 1921 in Stadthagen; died 3 May 1982 in Munich) was a German actor, voice actor, and television presenter.", "Q982869": "John Tengo Jabavu (11 January 1859 \u2013 10 September 1921) was a political activist and the editor of South Africa's first newspaper to be written in Xhosa.\nIn 1876, Jabavu took over editorship of the Isigidimi samaXhosa (\"The Xhosa Messenger\"), and by the early 1880s had become an important political force. Jabavu's writings tended to focus on the threat of growing Afrikaner nationalism and his demands for equal rights for South Africa's black population. Tengo Jabavu was also known as a proponent of women's rights as well as public education.\nIn recognition of his political influence, a group of prominent Cape Colony political figures approached Tengo Jabavu in 1883 with a request for him to stand for election to the Cape Parliament. They recommended that he represent one of the constituencies of the Cape where Black African voters formed a significant percentage of the electorate, such as Victoria East. However Jabavu declined, citing the possibility that such a move would unite and aggravate reactionary elements in the Cape Parliament and would therefore be counterproductive. Nonetheless, he later lent his powerful support to the more liberal leaders of the Cape's South African Party against the repressive policies of Rhodes's \"Progressives\"In 1884, Tengo Jabavu founded his own newspaper, Imvo Zabantsundu (\"Black Opinion\"); a year later, he married Elda Sakuba, who would die in 1900, leaving four sons. The eldest of these sons, Davidson Don Tengo Jabavu, would become a respected author and activist in his own right; the second eldest, Alexander, succeeded John Tengo Jabavu as editor of Imvo Zabantsundu, following his 1921 death in the home of D.D.T. Jabavu at Fort Hare.\nIn the 1890s, Tengo Jabavu's movement Imbumba (\"The Union\") faced a growing rival, the South African Native National Congress led by Walter Rubusana. While it aspired to unity, Jabavu's movement was still perceived as dominated by Fengu people like Jabavu himself. By contrast, Rubusana's movement was perceived as dominated by Gcaleka. Rivalry was exacerbated by subtle ethnic tensions, but largely came to an end as some degree of unity was achieved under the larger African National Congress, intended finally to lay to rest \"the aberrations of the Xhosa-Fingo feud.\"\n\n", "Q179269": "Katherine Marie Helmond (July 5, 1929 \u2013 February 23, 2019) was an American film, theater, and television actress and director. Over her five decades of television acting, she was known for her starring role as ditzy matriarch Jessica Tate on the sitcom Soap (1977\u20131981) and her co-starring role as feisty mother Mona Robinson on Who's the Boss? (1984\u20131992). She also played Doris Sherman on Coach and Lois Whelan (the mother of Debra Barone) on Everybody Loves Raymond. She also appeared as a guest on several talk and variety shows.\nHelmond had supporting roles in films such as Alfred Hitchcock's Family Plot (1976), Terry Gilliam's Brazil (1985) and Garry Marshall's Overboard (1987). She also voiced Lizzie in the Cars film trilogy by Disney/Pixar between 2006 and 2017.", "Q309722": "Louis Auguste Blanqui (French pronunciation: \u200b[lwi o\u0261yst bl\u0251\u0303ki]; 8 February 1805 \u2013 1 January 1881) was a French socialist and political activist, notable for his revolutionary theory of Blanquism.", "Q485557": "Rani Mukerji (pronounced [r\u0251:ni\u02d0 m\u028akh\u0259rd\u0292i\u02d0]; born 21 March 1978) is an Indian film actress. Known for her work in Hindi films, Mukerji is one of the country's most popular and ranked among the highest-paid actresses in the 2000s. She has received several awards, including seven Filmfare Awards and her roles have been cited in the media as a significant departure from previous screen portrayals of Indian women.\nAlthough Mukerji was born into the Mukherjee-Samarth family, in which her parents and relatives were members of the Indian film industry, she did not aspire to pursue a career in film. As a teenager she dabbled with acting by playing a supporting role in her father's Bengali-language film Biyer Phool (1996) and accepted a leading role in the 1996 social drama Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat on the insistence of her mother. Mukerji had her first commercial success with the action drama Ghulam (1998) and breakthrough with the romance Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998). Following a brief setback, the year 2002 marked a turning point for her when she was cast by Yash Raj Films as the star of the drama Saathiya.\nMukerji established herself by starring in several top-grossing romantic films, including Chalte Chalte (2003), Hum Tum (2004), Veer-Zaara (2004), and Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006), and the crime comedy Bunty Aur Babli (2005). She also gained praise for playing an abused wife in the political thriller Yuva (2004) and a deaf, blind and mute woman in the drama Black (2005). Mukerji then collaborated with Yash Raj Films on several unsuccessful films which led critics to bemoan her choice of roles. This changed when she played a headstrong journalist in the semi-biographical thriller No One Killed Jessica (2011), and further success came for her starring roles in the thrillers Talaash: The Answer Lies Within (2012), Mardaani (2014) and its sequel Mardaani 2 (2019), and the comedy-drama Hichki (2018). The lattermost emerged as her highest-grossing release.\nIn addition to acting in films, Mukerji is involved with several humanitarian causes and is vocal about issues faced by women and children. She has participated in concert tours and stage shows, and featured as a talent judge for the 2009 reality show Dance Premier League. Reticent to discuss her personal life in public, Mukerji is married to filmmaker Aditya Chopra, with whom she has a daughter.\n\n", "Q316602": "Bryan Greenberg (born May 24, 1978) is an American actor and singer, known for his starring role as Ben Epstein in the HBO original series How to Make It in America as well as a recurring role as Jake Jagielski in the WB series One Tree Hill and as Nick Garrett on the short-lived ABC drama October Road. His film work includes The Perfect Score, Prime, Bride Wars, and Friends with Benefits.", "Q328934": "Jos\u00e9 Antonio Nieves Conde (22 December 1911 in Segovia, Castilla y Le\u00f3n, Spain \u2013 14 September 2006) was a Spanish film maker, journalist, and screenplay writer, the director of feature films such as Surcos [Furrows] (1951), Angustia [Anguish] (1947), and Balarrasa [Reckless] (1950).", "Q269954": "7B (Russian: 7\u0411) is a Russian rock band based in Moscow. They have released five studio albums, several reprints and collections.", "Q165668": "Sofia Asgatovna Gubaidulina (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0301\u044f \u0410\u0441\u0433\u00e1\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0443\u0431a\u0439\u0434\u0443\u0301\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430, Tatar: \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f \u04d8\u0441\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u044b\u0437\u044b \u0413\u043e\u0431\u04d9\u0439\u0434\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430; born 24 October 1931) is a Tatar-Russian composer.", "Q463944": "Giuliano Gemma (2 September 1938 \u2013 1 October 2013) was an Italian actor. He is best known internationally for his work in Spaghetti Westerns, particularly for his performances as the title character in Duccio Tessari's A Pistol for Ringo (1965), Captain Montgomery Brown/'Ringo' in Tessari's The Return of Ringo (1965), the title character in Michele Lupo's Arizona Colt (1966), Scott Mary in Tonino Valerii's Day of Anger (1967) and Michael \"California\" Random in Lupo's California (1977).", "Q546246": "Jens Rohde (born 18 April 1970) is a Danish politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2014 until 2019. He is a member of the Danish Social Liberal Party, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.\nRohde represented the ALDE group in Parliament. Rohde was originally elected for Venstre, but on 19 December 2015 announced that he would be joining the Social Liberal Party, due to disagreement with Venstre's immigration and foreign policy.", "Q40348": "A lawyer or attorney is a person who practices law, as an advocate, attorney, attorney at law, barrister, barrister-at-law, bar-at-law, canonist, canon lawyer, civil law notary, counsel, counselor, counsellor, solicitor, legal executive, or public servant preparing, interpreting and applying law, but not as a paralegal or charter executive secretary. Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services. The role of the lawyer varies greatly across different legal jurisdictions.", "Q3091395": "Jean-Pierre Dupuy (born February 20, 1941) is a French engineer and philosopher.\n\n", "Q57634": "Hashim Tha\u00e7i ([h\u00e4'\u0283\u026am '\u03b8\u0251:t\u0361\u0255\u026a] (listen); born 24 April 1968) is a Kosovar politician who has been the President of Kosovo since April 2016. He was the first Prime Minister of Kosovo and the Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister in the new cabinet led by Isa Mustafa, which assumed office on December 12 2014.\nTha\u00e7i is from the region of Drenica in Kosovo, which is where the KLA originated. He studied philosophy in Prishtina before moving to Switzerland, where he joined the Kosovo Liberation Army in 1993. He rose through the ranks of the KLA to become leader of the most powerful faction by 1999, during the Rambouillet negotiations. He then joined the interim Kosovo administration after the war.\nTha\u00e7i became leader of the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK), which won the largest share of the vote in the year 2007 Kosovo elections. In 2008, Tha\u00e7i declared the independence of Kosovo and became its first prime minister. In 2016 he was elected President of Kosovo. Tha\u00e7i has pursued a pro-American policy while in office. There have been controversies regarding Tha\u00e7i's role in the KLA and allegations about him being involved in organized crime.", "Q230821": "Marisa Lee Miller (n\u00e9e Bertetta; born August 6, 1978) is an American model and occasional film actress best known for her appearances in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue and her work for Victoria's Secret. After a stint shooting with photographer Mario Testino for fashion magazines such as Vogue, Miller began working for both companies in 2002. In 2007, she became a Victoria's Secret Angel, and appeared on the cover of the 2008 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue to record-setting numbers. Her accomplishments have led to her being dubbed the \"return of the great American supermodel.\"She is known for contracts with companies such as Harley-Davidson, for whom she is the first spokesperson in the history of the company, and the NFL, for whom she became a spokesperson in 2010. Miller is considered a sex symbol; she ranked No. 1 on Maxim magazine's 2008 \"Hot 100\" list and in FHM's global 2010 \"Sexiest Women in the World\" poll. Aside from modeling, she was an ambassador for both the American Cancer Society and the USO. Miller made her film debut in R.I.P.D. (2013).", "Q11661": "Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data or information. IT is typically used within the context of business operations as opposed to personal or entertainment technologies. IT is considered to be a subset of information and communications technology (ICT). An information technology system (IT system) is generally an information system, a communications system or, more specifically speaking, a computer system \u2013 including all hardware, software and peripheral equipment \u2013 operated by a limited group of users.\nHumans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating, and communicating information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 BC, but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that \"the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT).\" Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs.The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several products or services within an economy are associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, and e-commerce.Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mechanical (3000 BC \u2013 1450 AD), mechanical (1450\u20131840), electromechanical (1840\u20131940), and electronic (1940\u2013present). This article focuses on the most recent period (electronic).", "Q237196": "Sir Henry Rider Haggard (; 22 June 1856 \u2013 14 May 1925) was an English writer of adventure fiction set in exotic locations, predominantly Africa, and a pioneer of the lost world literary genre. He was also involved in agricultural reform throughout the British Empire. His stories, situated at the lighter end of Victorian literature, continue to be popular and influential.", "Q61386": "Wolfgang Tiefensee (born 4 January 1955 in Gera) is a German SPD politician. He was the Federal Minister for Transport, Building and Urban Development in the grand coalition cabinet led by Angela Merkel between 2005 and 2009. Since 2014, he has been the State Minister of Economy, Science and the Digital Society in the government of Thuringia's Minister-President Bodo Ramelow.", "Q313752": "Prince Michael of Kent, (Michael George Charles Franklin; born 4 July 1942) is a member of the British royal family. He is a paternal first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, being a grandson of King George V and Queen Mary. Through his mother, Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, he is also a first cousin once removed of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Prince Michael is currently 48th in the line of succession to the British throne, but at the time of his birth was seventh in the line of succession.\nPrince Michael occasionally represents the Queen at some functions in Commonwealth realms outside the United Kingdom. Otherwise, he manages his own consultancy business and undertakes various commercial work around the world. He has also presented some television documentaries on the royal families of Europe.", "Q935153": "Roger Lloyd-Pack (8 February 1944 \u2013 15 January 2014) was an English actor. He is best known for the role of Trigger in Only Fools and Horses from 1981 to 2003. He had a supporting role of Owen Newitt in The Vicar of Dibley from 1994 to 2007, and as Tom in The Old Guys with Clive Swift. He is also well known for playing Barty Crouch, Sr. in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and for his appearances in Doctor Who as John Lumic in the episodes \"Rise of the Cybermen\" and \"The Age of Steel\". He was sometimes credited without the hyphen in his surname. He died in 2014 from pancreatic cancer.", "Q769209": "Mac McNeilly is an American musician, best known as the drummer for The Jesus Lizard. He also played drums in bands P.W. Long's Reelfoot, 86, Mouse, Come, and played bass in Phantom 309. He is known for his very powerful, solid and hard-hitting style. McNeilly first appeared with The Jesus Lizard on the album Head, the band having previously used a drum machine. He was replaced by Jim Kimball late in 1996. He rejoined the Jesus Lizard for their 2009 reunion.", "Q836328": "A welder is a tradesperson who specializes in fusing materials together. The term welder refers to the operator, the machine is referred to as the welding power supply. The materials to be joined can be metals (such as steel, aluminum, brass, stainless steel etc.) or varieties of plastic or polymer. Welders typically have to have good dexterity and attention to detail, as well as technical knowledge about the materials being joined and best practices in the field.", "Q46739": "Octavio Paz Lozano (March 31, 1914 \u2013 April 19, 1998) was a Mexican poet and diplomat. For his body of work, he was awarded the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Literature, and the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Q925340": "Kaniv (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0432, IPA: [\u02c8k\u0251n\u207d\u02b2\u207eiu\u032f]; Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0435\u0432, romanized: K\u00e1nev; Polish: Kani\u00f3w) is a city located in Cherkasy Oblast (province) in central Ukraine. The city rests on the Dnieper River, and is also one of the main inland river ports on the Dnieper. Kaniv serves as the administrative center of Kaniv Raion (district), but is designated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. Population: 24,780\u2009(2017 est.)Kaniv is a historical town that was founded in the 11th century by Kievan Prince Yaroslav the Wise. This pleasant city is known today mostly for the burial site of Taras Shevchenko, the great Ukrainian poet and artist.\nPicturesque and ancient, Kaniv was once one of Kievan Rus\u2019 largest cities. At that time, it was an outpost used for diplomatic meetings between Ruthenian princes and ambassadors of militant tribes. Later, in the 18th century, it became a popular destination for elderly Cossacks, who wanted to live out their days on the banks of the great Dnieper River, and on the Chernecha Mountain, where, according to legend, a monastery stood in the past. The mountain remains one of Kaniv's most important places, attracting thousands of tourists to the city. Today it is most famous as a burial place of the celebrated Ukrainian poet and painter Taras Shevchenko, who is considered a founder of modern Ukrainian literature, which is located on Taras Hill overlooking the Dnieper. The Kaniv reserve is the oldest historical and cultural reserve in Ukraine. Spring is the best time to visit the Tarasova Hill. At this time, the territory is well-groomed and full of flowers.\nIndustry in the city includes Kaniv hydroelectric power plant located on the Kaniv Reservoir on the Dnieper, fruit and vegetable, condiments factory, large milk and cheese factory, poultry processing.", "Q295537": "Eduard Limonov (Russian: \u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u041b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, real name Eduard Veniaminovich Savenko, Russian: \u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; 22 February 1943 \u2013 17 March 2020) was a Russian writer, poet, publicist, and political dissident.\nHe emigrated from the USSR in 1974 and earned the fame of a scandalous writer abroad, in particular, due to obscene language and pornographic scenes in his first novel It's Me, Eddie.\nIn 1991, he returned to Russia and soon founded the controversial National Bolshevik Party that was banned in the country in 2007 (it was superseded by The Other Russia party). A fierce opponent of neoliberal policies in Russia, he was arrested in 2001 and convicted for illegal possession of weapons. In the 2000s, he was one of the leaders of The Other Russia coalition of opposition forces. However, he supported Putin's foreign policy following the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine.", "Q1227": "Nevada ( or , Spanish: [ne\u02c8\u03b2a\u00f0a]) is a state in the Western United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest. Idaho to the northeast. California to the west. Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the 7th most extensive. the 32nd most populous, but the 9th least densely populated of the U.S. states. Nearly three-quarters of Nevada's people live in Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas\u2013Paradise metropolitan area, including three of the state's four largest incorporated cities. Nevada's capital is Carson City.\nNevada is officially known as the \"Silver State\" because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the \"Battle Born State\" because it achieved statehood during the Civil War (the words \"Battle Born\" also appear on the state flag); as the \"Sagebrush State\", for the native plant of the same name; and as the \"Sage-hen State\".Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid, much of it within the Great Basin. Areas south of the Great Basin are within the Mojave Desert, while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada lie on the western edge. About 86% of the state's land is managed by various jurisdictions of the U.S. federal government, both civilian and military.Before European contact \u2014 and still today, American Indians of the Paiute, Shoshone, and Washoe tribes inhabited the land that is now Nevada. The first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish. They called the region Nevada (snowy) because of the snow which covered the mountains in winter. The area formed part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and became part of Mexico when it gained independence in 1821. The United States annexed the area in 1848 after its victory in the Mexican\u2013American War, and it was incorporated as part of Utah Territory in 1850. The discovery of silver at the Comstock Lode in 1859 led to a population boom that became an impetus to the creation of Nevada Territory out of western Utah Territory in 1861. Nevada became the 36th state on October 31, 1864, as the second of two states added to the Union during the Civil War (the first being West Virginia).Nevada has a reputation for its libertarian laws. In 1940, with a population of just over 110,000 people, Nevada was by far the least-populated state, with less than half the population of the next least-populated state. However, legalized gambling and lenient marriage and divorce laws transformed Nevada into a major tourist destination in the 20th century. Nevada is the only U.S. state where prostitution is legal, though it is illegal in its most populated regions \u2014 Clark County (Las Vegas), Washoe County (Reno) and Carson City (which, as an independent city, is not within the boundaries of any county). The tourism industry remains Nevada's largest employer, with mining continuing as a substantial sector of the economy: Nevada is the fourth-largest producer of gold in the world.", "Q318607": "Richard Donald Crenna (November 30, 1926 \u2013 January 17, 2003) was an award-winning American motion picture, television, and radio actor and television director.Crenna starred in such motion pictures as The Sand Pebbles, Wait Until Dark, Un Flic, Body Heat, the first three Rambo movies, Hot Shots! Part Deux, and The Flamingo Kid. Crenna's first success came on radio in 1948 as high school student \"Walter Denton\" co-starring with Eve Arden and Gale Gordon in the CBS network series Our Miss Brooks. Crenna continued with the long running comedy in its 1952 move into television. He also had a role as \"Luke McCoy\" in the ABC, and later CBS, television series, The Real McCoys (1957\u201363).", "Q107953": "Caspar Br\u00f6tzmann (born 13 December 1962) is a German electric guitar player, vocalist and bandleader. He was born in Wuppertal, Germany. \nWhile Br\u00f6tzmann typically performs with the power trio lineup of Caspar Br\u00f6tzmann Massaker (his early band), with guitar, bass guitar and drums. He uses rock and roll and heavy metal music as a basis for his music, which often features lengthy songs that start slow and quiet but gradually build to a ferocious climax. Br\u00f6tzmann's technique has been praised: \"...his attack on the instrument \u2014 explosive, obstreperous, large scale, textural, timbral \u2014 asserts the material facts of string-pickup-amplifier more bluntly than anyone else currently involved in rock\".Br\u00f6tzmann's father, Peter Br\u00f6tzmann, is a free jazz saxophone player. In 1990 they recorded the album Last Home as a duo.", "Q170503": "Nicholas I (Latin: Nicolaus I; c. 800 \u2013 13 November 867), called Nicholas the Great, was the pope from 24 April 858 until his death. He is remembered as a consolidator of papal authority, exerting decisive influence on the historical development of the papacy and its position among the Christian nations of Western Europe. Nicholas I asserted that the pope should have suzerainty over all Christians, even royalty, in matters of faith and morals.Nicholas refused King Lothair II of Lotharingia's request for an annulment of his marriage to Teutberga. When a council pronounced in favor of annulment, Nicholas I declared the council deposed, its messengers excommunicated, and its decisions invalid. Despite pressure from the Carolingians, who laid siege to Rome, his decision held. During his reign, relations with the Byzantine Empire soured because of his support for Patriarch Ignatios of Constantinople, who had been removed from his post in favor of Photius I.\nNicholas is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, with his feast on 13 November.", "Q235959": "Erin Heather Bubley (born March 4, 1989), known professionally as Erin Heatherton, is an American model known for her work as a Victoria's Secret Angel from 2010 to 2013.", "Q733675": "Lewis Frederick Urry ((1927-01-29)January 29, 1927 \u2013 October 19, 2004(2004-10-19) (aged 77)) was a Canadian chemical engineer and inventor. He invented both the alkaline battery and lithium battery while working for the Eveready Battery company.", "Q106495": "Ludwig Blochberger (born 3 December 1982) is a German actor. He is best known for the gay movie Summer Storm and appearing on Germany TV drama programmes including, The Old Fox, Tatort, and Kommissar Dupin. He also was Helmut Schmidt, in the TV documentary drama Helmut Schmidt - Lebensfragen.", "Q3720507": "Egon B\u00f6rger (born 13 May 1946) is a German-born computer scientist based in Italy.\n\n", "Q544451": "George Clifford Sziklai (July 9, 1909 in Budapest, Hungary \u2013 September 9, 1998 in Los Altos, California, U.S.) was a Hungarian-American renowned electronics engineer, who among many other contributions to radio and TV electronics invented the transistor configuration named after him, the Sziklai pair.\nEducated at the University of Budapest and the Technical University Munich, Sziklai emigrated to New York in 1930. His long career included stations at Radio Corporation of America and Westinghouse Electric Corporation before he joined Lockheed's Palo Alto Research Laboratory in 1967.Sziklai, who held some 160 patents including color television transmission, is also credited with constructing the first Image Orthicon television camera and inventing a high-speed elevator.", "Q590166": "Lilo & Stitch: The Series (or simply known as Lilo & Stitch on its title card) is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. It premiered on September 20, 2003 on ABC as part of ABC Kids, with a delayed premiere on Disney Channel on October 12, 2003. The series ended on July 29, 2006 after airing 65 episodes in two seasons. A sequel spin-off of the 2002 feature film of the same name, and the follow-up to the August 2003 direct-to-video pilot Stitch! The Movie, it was the first of three television series produced in the Lilo & Stitch franchise, although it's the only one to maintain the same setting as the original film. It was aired on Disney Channel worldwide, but has only been released on DVD full in Japan, in four box sets. On March 11, 2018, the series returned on Disney XD for a few months. On November 12, 2019, the series was released on Disney+.", "Q6548": "Orl\u00e9ans (UK: , US: , French: [\u0254\u0281le\u0251\u0303] (listen)) is a prefecture and commune in north-central France, about 111 kilometres (69 miles) southwest of Paris. It is the capital of the Loiret department and of the Centre-Val de Loire region.\nOrl\u00e9ans is located on the Loire River where the river curves south towards the Massif Central. In 2015, the city had 114,644 inhabitants, and the population of the urban area was 433,337. \n\u00cele d'Orl\u00e9ans in Quebec, Canada is named after Orleans in France as are Orl\u00e9ans, Ontario and New Orleans, Louisiana. (French: La Nouvelle-Orl\u00e9ans)", "Q440145": "George Lincoln Rockwell (March 9, 1918 \u2013 August 25, 1967) was an American politician and neo-Nazi. In 1959, he was discharged from the United States Navy because of his political views and founded the American Nazi Party.\nRockwell denied The Holocaust and believed that Martin Luther King Jr. was a tool for Jewish Communists wanting to rule the white community. He blamed the civil rights movement on the Jews. He regarded Hitler as \"the White savior of the twentieth century\". He regarded blacks as a \"primitive, lethargic race who desired only simple pleasures and a life of irresponsibility\" and supported the resettlement of all African Americans in a new African state to be funded by the U.S. government. As a supporter of racial segregation, he agreed with and quoted many leaders of the Black nationalism movement such as Elijah Muhammad and early Malcolm X. In later years, Rockwell became increasingly aligned with other neo-Nazi groups, leading the World Union of National Socialists.\nOn August 25, 1967, Rockwell was assassinated in Arlington by John Patler, a disgruntled former member of his party.", "Q130127": "J\u00f8rgen Mathisen (born 27 December 1984 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz musician (saxophone and clarinet), the younger brother of Martin Mathisen (b. 1978), and known from different bands, and a series of recordings with musician like Marc Lohr, Per Zanussi, Steinar Raknes, Eirik Hegdal, Gard Nilssen, and Kjetil M\u00f8ster.\n\n", "Q311145": "Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (Portuguese: [\u0292w\u0250\u02c8k\u0129 m\u0250\u02c8\u027ei.\u0250 m\u0250\u02c8\u0283adu d\u0292i \u0250\u02c8sis]), often known by his surnames as Machado de Assis, Machado, or Bruxo do Cosme Velho (21 June 1839 \u2013 29 September 1908), was a pioneer Brazilian novelist, poet, playwright and short story writer, widely regarded as the greatest writer of Brazilian literature. Nevertheless, Assis did not achieve widespread popularity outside Brazil during his lifetime. In 1897 he founded and became the first President of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. He was multilingual, having taught himself French, English, German and Greek in later life.\nMachado's works had a great influence on Brazilian literary schools of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1941, the Brazilian Academy of Letters founded in his honor the Pr\u00eamio Machado de Assis (Machado de Assis Award), the most prestigious literary award in the country. For his innovation and audacity in early themes, Assis is often seen as a writer of unprecedented production, known for his irony and wide vocabulary. Assis' greatest works are Dom Casmurro (1899), Mem\u00f3rias P\u00f3stumas de Br\u00e1s Cubas (\"Posthumous Memoirs of Br\u00e1s Cubas\", also translated as Epitaph of a Small Winner) and Quincas Borba (also known in English as Philosopher or Dog?). Machado de Assis was included on American literary critic Harold Bloom's list of the greatest 100 geniuses of literature. Bloom considers him the greatest black writer in Western literature.", "Q331295": "Josef Dvo\u0159\u00e1k (born in Horn\u00ed Cerekev, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, April 25, 1942) is a Czech actor. He started his career in Kada\u0148 from where Pavel Fiala took him to Kladivadlo in \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem. He was an external actor in theatre Semafor in 1972-1990. In 1990 he established his own theatre company Divadeln\u00ed spole\u010dnost Josefa Dvo\u0159\u00e1ka. He is famous for his many movie roles of Vodn\u00edk.", "Q193840": "Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing. An example of asphyxia is choking. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which affects primarily the tissues and organs. There are many circumstances that can induce asphyxia, all of which are characterized by an inability of an individual to acquire sufficient oxygen through breathing for an extended period of time. Asphyxia can cause coma or death.\nIn 2015 about 9.8 million cases of unintentional suffocation occurred which resulted in 35,600 deaths. The word asphyxia is from Ancient Greek \u03b1- \"without\" and \u03c3\u03c6\u03cd\u03be\u03b9\u03c2 sphyxis, \"squeeze\" (throb of heart).", "Q3387229": "Pierre Vallon (10 November 1927 \u2013 24 October 2016) was a French businessman and politician. He was an heir to Vallon et Compagnie, a silk company based in La Croix-Rousse, Lyon. He served as a member of the French Senate from 1974 to 1995.", "Q3892790": "Raoul Bricard (23 March 1870 \u2013 26 November 1943) was a French engineer and a mathematician. He is best known for his work in geometry, especially descriptive geometry and scissors congruence, and kinematics, especially mechanical linkages.", "Q62857": "Sir Maurice Vincent Wilkes (26 June 1913 \u2013 29 November 2010) was a British computer scientist who designed and helped build the Electronic delay storage automatic calculator (EDSAC), one of the earliest stored program computers and invented microprogramming, a method for using stored-program logic to operate the control unit of a central processing unit's circuits. At the time of his death, Wilkes was an Emeritus Professor of the University of Cambridge.", "Q53452": "John II Casimir (Polish: Jan II Kazimierz Waza; German: Johann II. Kasimir Wasa; Lithuanian: Jonas Kazimieras Vaza; 22 March 1609 \u2013 16 December 1672) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1648 until his abdication in 1668 as well as titular King of Sweden from 1648 until 1660. He was the second son of Sigismund III Vasa and Constance of Austria. His older brother and predecessor on the throne was W\u0142adys\u0142aw IV Vasa.As a prince, John Casimir embarked at Genoa for Spain in 1638 to negotiate a league with Philip IV against France, but was captured by Cardinal Richelieu and imprisoned at Vincennes where he remained for two years. He was released when his brother, W\u0142adys\u0142aw IV, promised never to wage war against France. John Casimir then travelled extensively throughout western Europe and entered the order of Jesuits in Rome. He was made cardinal by Innocent X, however, after returning to Poland, he became a layman and succeeded his brother in 1648. His reign commenced amid the confusion and disasters caused by the great revolt of the Cossacks under Bohdan Khmelnytsky in Ukraine, who had advanced into the very heart of Poland. The power of the king had been stripped of almost all its prerogatives by the growing influence of the nobles.\nThe Tsardom of Russia and Sweden, which had long been active enemies of Poland, renewed their attacks. George II Rakoczy of Transylvania also invaded the Polish territory, while the Sejm was continuously dissolved due to abuse of the liberum veto law. Charles X Gustav of Sweden triumphantly marched through the country and occupied Krak\u00f3w in 1655 forcing John Casimir to flee to Silesia. The Swedes were eventually stopped by Stefan Czarniecki under Cz\u0119stochowa. The wars with the Swedes and Russians were terminated by treaties involving considerable cessions of provinces on the Baltic and the Dnieper on the part of Poland, which also lost its sway over the Cossacks who placed themselves under the protection of Russian Tsars. During these long battles, John Casimir, though feeble and of a peaceful disposition, frequently proved his patriotism and bravery.The intrigues of his wife in favor of the Duke of Enghien as successor to the Polish throne triggered a series of revolts, including a rebellion under Hetman Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski. As a result, John Casimir abdicated at the Sejm of Warsaw on 16 September 1668. In the following year, he retired to France where he was hospitably treated by Louis XIV. John Casimir's reign was one of the most disastrous in the history of Poland. He was the third and last monarch on the Polish throne from the House of Vasa.", "Q44648": "Eric Victor Burdon (born 11 May 1941) is an English singer-songwriter and actor. He was previously the vocalist of rock band the Animals and funk band War. He is regarded as one of the British Invasion's most distinctive singers with his deep, powerful blues-rock voice. He is also known for his aggressive stage performances.In 2008, he was ranked 57th in Rolling Stone's list The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time.", "Q357676": "Jack French Kemp (July 13, 1935 \u2013 May 2, 2009) was an American politician and a professional player in both American football and Canadian football. A member of the Republican Party from New York, he served as Housing Secretary in the administration of President George H. W. Bush from 1989 to 1993, having previously served nine terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1989. He was the Republican Party's nominee for Vice President in the 1996 election, where he was the running mate of presidential nominee Bob Dole. Kemp had previously contended for the presidential nomination in the 1988 Republican primaries.\nBefore entering politics, Kemp was a professional quarterback for 13 years. He played briefly in the National Football League (NFL) and the Canadian Football League (CFL), but became a star in the American Football League (AFL). He served as captain of both the San Diego Chargers and Buffalo Bills and earned the AFL Most Valuable Player award in 1965 after leading the Bills to a second consecutive championship. He played in the AFL for all 10 years of its existence, appeared in its All-Star game seven times, played in its championship game five times, and set many of the league's career passing records. Kemp also co-founded the AFL Players Association, for which he served five terms as president. During the early part of his football career, he served in the United States Army Reserve.\nAs an economic conservative, Kemp advocated low taxes and supply-side policies during his political career. His positions spanned the social spectrum, ranging from his conservative opposition to abortion to his more libertarian stances advocating immigration reform. As a proponent of both Chicago school and supply-side economics, he is notable as an influence upon the Reagan agenda and the architect of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, which is known as the Kemp\u2013Roth tax cut.\nAfter his days in political office, Kemp remained active as a political advocate and commentator; he served on corporate and nonprofit organization boards. He also authored, co-authored, and edited several books. He promoted American football and advocated for retired professional football players. Kemp was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009 by President Barack Obama.\n\n", "Q98723": "Hellmut Diwald (13 August 1924 \u2013 26 May 1993) was a German historian and Professor of Medieval and Modern History at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg from 1965 to 1985.\nHe was originally from southern Moravia, the son of an Austrian engineer and a Czech mother, and went to school in Prague before the family relocated to Nuremberg in Bavaria in 1938. During World War II, he served in the German Army. After the war, he went on to study mechanical engineering in Nuremberg before he studied philosophy, German and history at the universities of Hamburg and Erlangen. He earned a doctorate in history in 1952 and completed his Habilitation in 1958. In 1965, he was appointed as Professor of Medieval and Modern History at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, where he taught until his retirement in 1985. He was editor of Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Religions- und Geistesgeschichte, a scientific journal, from 1948 to 1966.\nDiwald earned much recognition for his books on the philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey (1963) and his publication of the works of Ernst Ludwig von Gerlach (1970), as well as for his biography of Albrecht von Wallenstein (1969) and his book on European history from 1400 to 1555. He also regularly appeared on the ZDF TV show Fragen zur Zeit and was a regular contributor of articles to the newspaper Die Welt. He is also known for a widely discussed book on German history from 1978. He published his opus magnum, Die Gro\u00dfen Ereignisse. F\u00fcnf Jahrtausende Weltgeschichte in Darstellungen und Dokumenten, a history of humankind during the last 5000 years in six volumes, in 1990. In 1981, he co-founded the Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle Ingolstadt.\nHe was married to Susanne Diwald, a scholar of Islamic studies who also taught at the University of Erlangen (until 1989).", "Q97410": "Johann Leonhard Hug (1 June 1765 in Constance \u2013 11 March 1846 in Freiburg im Breisgau), was a German Roman Catholic theologian, orientalist and biblical scholar.", "Q161368": "Alois Jir\u00e1sek (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8alojs \u02c8j\u026ara\u02d0s\u025bk]) (August 23, 1851, Hronov, Kingdom of Bohemia \u2013 March 12, 1930, Prague) was a Czech writer, author of historical novels and plays. Jir\u00e1sek was a high school history teacher in Litomy\u0161l and later in Prague until his retirement in 1909. He wrote a series of historical novels imbued with faith in his nation and in progress toward freedom and justice. He was close to many important Czech personalities like M.Ale\u0161, J.V. Sl\u00e1dek, K.V. Rais or Z.J. Nejedl\u00fd. He attended an art club in Union Cafe with them. He worked as a redactor in Zvon magazine and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1918, 1919, 1921 and 1930.", "Q1380459": "L. John Doerr (born June 29, 1951) is an American investor and venture capitalist at Kleiner Perkins in Menlo Park, California. In February 2009, Doerr was appointed a member of the President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board to provide the President and his administration with advice and counsel in trying to fix America's economic downturn. In 2017, related to Forbes, he was recognized the 40th Richest In Tech. As of July 2017, Forbes ranked Doerr as the 105th richest person in the United States and the 303rd richest person in the world, with a net worth of US$ 7.5 billion as of February 16, 2018. Doerr is the author of Measure What Matters, a book about goal-setting. For 2019, his net worth increased up to $7.7 billion, being the 215th in the Billionaires 2019 list and the 56th in The Midas List: Top Tech Investors 2019.", "Q129310": "Witold Conti (1908 \u2013 1944) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in nine films between 1930 and 1937.", "Q55745": "Govind Sadashiv Tembe, popularly known as Govindrao Tembe (5 June 1881 \u2013 9 October 1955), was a harmonium player, stage actor, and music composer.\n\n", "Q2036203": "Wyrd Sisters is a six-part animated television adaptation of the book of the same name by Terry Pratchett, produced by Cosgrove Hall Films, and first broadcast on 18 May 1997. It was the second film adaptation of an entire Discworld novel (following the Welcome to the Discworld short, which was based on a fragment of the novel Reaper Man, and the Soul Music series).", "Q356568": "Arnaldus de Villa Nova (also called Arnau de Vilanova in Catalan, his language, Arnaldus Villanovanus, Arnaud de Ville-Neuve or Arnaldo de Villanueva, c. 1240\u20131311) was a physician and a religious reformer. He was also thought to be an alchemist (his house in Montpellier, France, had a carved door showing a roaring lion and dragon that bit his tail, also known as Ouroboros, both recognized alchemical symbols). The fact that several renown alchemists recognized him as an adept reinforces the thesis that he was an alchemist. He was also, like most wisemen of his time, an astrologer.\nHe was born in the Crown of Aragon, probably Villanueva de Jiloca (Aragon) or Valencia, and he studied medicine and he also took some courses of theology. After living at the court of Aragon and teaching for many years in the Montpellier School of Medicine, he went to Paris, where he gained a considerable reputation; but he incurred the enmity of ecclesiastics. In 1311 he was summoned to Avignon by Pope Clement V, but he died on the voyage off the coast of Genoa.He is credited with translating a number of medical texts from Arabic, including works by Ibn Sina Avicenna, Abu-l-Salt, and Galen. Many alchemical writings, including Rosarius Philosophorum, Novum Lumen, or Flos Florum, are also ascribed to him, but they are not authentic. Collected editions of them were published at Lyon in 1504 and 1532 (with a biography by Symphorianus Campegius), at Basel in 1585, and at Lyon in 1686. He is also the reputed author of important medical works, such as Speculum medicinae and Regimen sanitatis ad regem Aragonum, but many others, such as Breviarium Practicae, were falsely attributed to him. In addition, he wrote many theological works for the reformation of Christianity in Latin and in Catalan, some of them including apocalyptical prophecies.", "Q502362": "Andrei Oi\u015fteanu (Romanian pronunciation: [an\u02c8drej o.i\u0283\u02c8te\u032fanu]; born September 18, 1948) is a Romanian historian of religions and mentalities, ethnologist, cultural anthropologist, literary critic and novelist. Specialized in the history of religions and mentalities, he is also noted for his investigation of rituals and magic and his work in Jewish studies and the history of antisemitism. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, he also became noted for his articles and essays on the Holocaust in Romania.\nA founding member and researcher at the Institute for History of Religions in Bucharest (Romanian Academy), he is also the president of the Romanian Association for the History of Religions (RAHR). Andrei Oi\u0219teanu is professor at the Department for Jewish Studies, at the University of Bucharest. He is also member of the educational board of the 'Elie Wiesel' National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania and member of the editorial board of the Journal of Contemporary Antisemitism. Andrei Oi\u0219teanu is a Knight of the Order of the Star of Romania, awarded by the Romanian President (2006), and a Commander of the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity, awarded by the Italian President (2005).\nHe is the father of Amana Ferro Oisteanu, EU public affairs expert (Bruxelles) and the brother of American poet Valery Oi\u0219teanu (New York).", "Q1541": "Marcus Tullius Cicero ( SISS-\u0259-roh, Latin: [\u02c8ma\u02d0rk\u028as \u02c8t\u028all\u026a.\u028as \u02c8k\u026ak\u025bro\u02d0]; 3 January 106 BC \u2013 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer and Academic Skeptic philosopher who wrote extensively on rhetoric, orations, philosophy, and politics, and is considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists. A leading political figure in the final years of the Roman Republic, Cicero vainly tried to uphold the republican system's integrity during the instability that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the Roman equestrian order, and served as consul in the year 63 BC.\nHis influence on the Latin language was immense: it has been said that subsequent prose was either a reaction against or a return to his style, not only in Latin but in European languages up to the 19th century. Cicero introduced into Latin the arguments of the chief schools of Hellenistic philosophy and created a Latin philosophical vocabulary with neologisms such as evidentia, humanitas, qualitas, quantitas, and essentia, distinguishing himself as a translator and philosopher.\nThough he was an accomplished orator and successful lawyer, Cicero believed his political career was his most important achievement. It was during his consulship that the second Catilinarian conspiracy attempted to overthrow the government through an attack on the city by outside forces, and Cicero suppressed the revolt by summarily and controversially executing five conspirators. During the chaotic latter half of the 1st century BC marked by civil wars and the dictatorship of Gaius Julius Caesar, Cicero championed a return to the traditional republican government. Following Julius Caesar's death, Cicero became an enemy of Mark Antony in the ensuing power struggle, attacking him in a series of speeches. He was proscribed as an enemy of the state by the Second Triumvirate and consequently executed by soldiers operating on their behalf in 43 BC after having been intercepted during an attempted flight from the Italian peninsula. His severed hands and head were then, as a final revenge of Mark Antony, displayed on the Rostra.\nPetrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited for initiating the 14th-century Renaissance in public affairs, humanism, and classical Roman culture. According to Polish historian Tadeusz Zieli\u0144ski, \"the Renaissance was above all things a revival of Cicero, and only after him and through him of the rest of Classical antiquity.\" The peak of Cicero's authority and prestige came during the 18th-century Enlightenment, and his impact on leading Enlightenment thinkers and political theorists such as John Locke, David Hume, Montesquieu and Edmund Burke was substantial.\nHis works rank among the most influential in European culture, and today still constitute one of the most important bodies of primary material for the writing and revision of Roman history, especially the last days of the Roman Republic.", "Q74953": "Sitara Achakzai (also transliterated Achaksai) (born 1956/1957 \u2013 died 12 April 2009) was a leading Afghan women's rights activist and a member of the regional parliament in Kandahar. She was assassinated by the Taliban.\"Achakzai\" is a name shared by one of the sub-tribes of Durrani clan, part of the Pashtun people, one of the largest\nethnic groups of Afghanistan. She held dual citizenship between Afghanistan and Germany, and was well known in Canada as some of her extended family live in the Toronto area.Like Malalai Kakar and Safia Amajan, Sitara Achakzai was targeted by the Taliban because she was trying to improve the situation of Afghan women. At the age of 52, she was assassinated by Taliban gunmen in Kandahar on 12 April 2009.\nThe Canadian government condemned the assassination. Micha\u00eblle Jean, the Governor General, said\n\nWe were equally distressed to learn of the assassination of Sitara Achakzai, a courageous and proud activist for the rights of her countrywomen, who was gunned down at point-blank range. The Taliban were quick to claim responsibility for this unprecedented violence, fiercely dedicated to hindering all efforts to further development and stability in Afghanistan.\n\n", "Q3493013": "Spencer Charters (March 25, 1875 \u2013 January 25, 1943) was an American film actor. He appeared in more than 220 films between 1920 and 1943, mostly in small supporting roles.", "Q259129": "Hayley McFarland (born March 29, 1991) is an American actress, singer and dancer. She is best known for her portrayal of Emily Lightman on the Fox TV series Lie to Me and Brooke Putner on the FX TV series Sons of Anarchy.", "Q95207": "Karen Duve (born 16 November 1961 in Hamburg) is a German author. After secondary school, she worked as a proof-reader and taxi driver in Hamburg. Since 1990 she has been a freelance writer.", "Q1677232": "Jack Arnold Weil (March 28, 1901 \u2013 August 13, 2008) was the founder and CEO of the Denver-based Western clothing manufacturer Rockmount Ranch Wear and was believed to be the oldest working CEO in the United States.Weil was born in Evansville, Indiana in 1901. In 1926, Weil (also known as Papa or \"Papa Jack\") married Beatrice Baum, and two years later the couple moved to Denver, Colorado, with their newborn son, Jack B. Seven years later, their daughter, Jane, was born, and in 1946, Weil rented a space at 1626 Wazee Street in Denver and set about trying to create a fashionable yet practical identity for the western ranchers of the region. Rockmount's fashions were featured prominently in the 2005 Academy Award-winning film Brokeback Mountain. Weil had five grandchildren\u2014Greg, Gail, Janet, Steven, and Judy\u2014all of whom worked at some point for the company. His grandson, Steven Weil, now runs the operation. Weil also had ten great-grandchildren, eight girls and three boys.\nWeil was well known for coining the phrase \"The West is not a place, it is a state of mind.\" He was the first person to put snaps on Western shirts, patented the saw-tooth pocket design seen on many Western shirts, and is credited with inventing the bolo tie.\nWeil's wife died in 1990, followed by his son Jack B. in 2008.He claimed to have quit smoking at age 60, drinking at age 90 and eating red meat at 100. However, Weil said he had a shot of Jack Daniel's twice a week for \"medicinal purposes,\" specifically, to keep his blood thin.Weil died at home, surrounded by family, on August 13, 2008.", "Q1395732": "Nasrollah Moein Najafabadi (Persian: \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0641\u200c\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u200e), more commonly known as Moein (Persian: \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646\u200e, Persian pronunciation: [mo\u02c8(\u0294)in]), is an Iranian singer. Moein was born in Najafabad, a city in Isfahan Province of Iran. He began his artistic career as a radio singer and released several albums before Yeki Ra Doost Midaram in 1986, which was his first album to be widely noticed in Iran. In recent years, Moein has become widely acclaimed in Iran and he has played concerts throughout the globe. He is referred to as \"Javdan Sedaye Eshgh,\" which translates to \"The Eternal Voice of Love.\" He has two daughters, Parichehr and Setareh.\n\n", "Q70": "Bern or Berne (German: Bern [b\u025brn] (listen); Alemannic German: B\u00e4rn [b\u0325\u00e6\u02d0rn]; French: Berne [b\u025b\u0281n] (listen); Italian: Berna [\u02c8b\u025brna]; Romansh: Berna [\u02c8b\u025brn\u0250] (listen)) is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to by the Swiss as their \"federal city\", in German Bundesstadt, French ville f\u00e9d\u00e9rale, and Italian citt\u00e0 federale. With a population of about 140,000 (as of 2019), Bern is the fifth-most populous city in Switzerland. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000. Bern is also the capital of the canton of Bern, the second-most populous of Switzerland's cantons.\nThe official language in Bern is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the most-spoken language is an Alemannic Swiss German dialect, Bernese German.\nIn 1983, the historic old town (in German: Altstadt) in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "Q11107": "Sonia Maria Sotomayor (Spanish: [\u02c8sonja sotoma\u02c8\u029do\u027e]; born June 25, 1954) is an American lawyer and jurist who serves as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. She was appointed by President Barack Obama in May 2009 and confirmed that in August. She was the first Hispanic and Latina Justice.Sotomayor was born in The Bronx, New York City, to Puerto Rican-born parents. Her father died when she was nine, and she was subsequently raised by her mother. Sotomayor graduated summa cum laude from Princeton University in 1976 and received her Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1979, where she was an editor at the Yale Law Journal. She worked as an assistant district attorney in New York for four-and-a-half years before entering private practice in 1984. She played an active role on the boards of directors for the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund, the State of New York Mortgage Agency, and the New York City Campaign Finance Board.\nSotomayor was nominated to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York by President George H. W. Bush in 1991; confirmation followed in 1992. In 1997, she was nominated by President Bill Clinton to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Her nomination was slowed by the Republican majority in the United States Senate, but she was eventually confirmed in 1998. On the Second Circuit, Sotomayor heard appeals in more than 3,000 cases and wrote about 380 opinions. Sotomayor has taught at the New York University School of Law and Columbia Law School.\nIn May 2009, President Barack Obama nominated Sotomayor to the Supreme Court following the retirement of Justice David Souter. Her nomination was confirmed by the Senate in August 2009 by a vote of 68\u201331. While on the court, Sotomayor has supported the informal liberal bloc of justices when they divide along the commonly perceived ideological lines. During her tenure on the Supreme Court, Sotomayor has been identified with concern for the rights of defendants, calls for reform of the criminal justice system, and making impassioned dissents on issues of race, gender and ethnic identity, including Schuette v. BAMN, Utah v. Strieff, and Trump v. Hawaii.", "Q208414": "Lymphoma is a group of blood cancers that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). The name often refers to just the cancerous versions rather than all such tumors. Signs and symptoms may include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, drenching sweats, unintended weight loss, itching, and constantly feeling tired. The enlarged lymph nodes are usually painless. The sweats are most common at night.There are many subtypes of lymphomas. The two main categories of lymphomas are Hodgkin's lymphomas (HL) and the non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). The World Health Organization (WHO) includes two other categories as types of lymphoma: multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative diseases. About 90% of lymphomas are non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Lymphomas and leukemias are a part of the broader group of tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.Risk factors for Hodgkin lymphoma include infection with Epstein\u2013Barr virus and a history of the disease in the family. Risk factors for common types of non-Hodgkin lymphomas include autoimmune diseases, HIV/AIDS, infection with human T-lymphotropic virus, immunosuppressant medications, and some pesticides. Eating large amounts of red meat and tobacco smoking may also increase the risk. Diagnosis, if enlarged lymph nodes are present, is usually by lymph node biopsy. Blood, urine, and bone marrow testing may also be useful in the diagnosis. Medical imaging may then be done to determine if and where the cancer has spread. Lymphoma most often spreads to the lungs, liver, and brain.\nTreatment may involve one or more of the following: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and surgery. In some non-Hodgkin lymphomas, an increased amount of protein produced by the lymphoma cells causes the blood to become so thick that plasmapheresis is performed to remove the protein. Watchful waiting may be appropriate for certain types. The outcome depends on the subtype with some being curable and treatment prolonging survival in most. The five-year survival rate in the United States for all Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes is 85%, while that for non-Hodgkin lymphomas is 69%. Worldwide, lymphomas developed in 566,000 people in 2012 and caused 305,000 deaths. They make up 3\u20134% of all cancers, making them as a group the seventh-most common form. In children, they are the third-most common cancer. They occur more often in the developed world than the developing world.", "Q51537": "Mike Nichols (born Mikhail Igor Peschkowsky; November 6, 1931 \u2013 November 19, 2014) was an American film and theater director, producer, actor, and comedian. He was noted for his ability to work across a range of genres and for his aptitude for getting the best out of actors regardless of their experience. Nichols began his career in the 1950s with the comedy improvisational troupe The Compass Players, predecessor of The Second City, in Chicago. He then teamed up with his improv partner, Elaine May, to form the comedy duo Nichols and May. Their live improv act was a hit on Broadway, and the first of their three albums won a Grammy Award.\nAfter Nichols and May disbanded in 1961, he began directing plays, and quickly became known for his innovative productions and ability to elicit polished performances. His Broadway directing debut was Neil Simon's Barefoot in the Park in 1963, with Robert Redford and Elizabeth Ashley. He next directed Luv in 1964, and in 1965 directed another Neil Simon play, The Odd Couple. He received a Tony Award for each of those plays. In 2012, he won his sixth Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play with a revival of Death of a Salesman. Nichols directed and/or produced more than twenty-five Broadway plays.\nIn 1966, Warner Brothers invited Nichols to direct his first film, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton. The groundbreaking film inspired some critics to declare Nichols the \"new Orson Welles\". It won five Academy Awards (out of 13 nominations), and was the top-grossing film of 1966. Nichols's next film, The Graduate (1967) starred then unknown actor Dustin Hoffman, alongside Anne Bancroft and Katharine Ross. It was another critical and financial success, became the highest-grossing film of the year, and received seven Academy Award nominations, winning Nichols the Academy Award for Best Director.\nAmong the other films Nichols directed were Catch-22 (1970), Carnal Knowledge (1971), Silkwood (1983), Working Girl (1988), Wolf (1994), The Birdcage (1996), Closer (2004) and Charlie Wilson's War (2007).\nAlong with an Academy Award, Nichols won a Grammy Award (the first for a comedian born outside the United States), four Emmy Awards, nine Tony Awards, and three BAFTA Awards. His other honors included the Lincoln Center Gala Tribute in 1999, the National Medal of Arts in 2001, the Kennedy Center Honors in 2003 and the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2010. His films received a total of 42 Academy Award nominations, and seven wins. He is one of the few people who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy and Tony Awards.\n\n", "Q85000": "Filippo Juvarra (7 March, 1678 \u2013 31 January 1736) was an Italian architect, active in a late-Baroque style, who worked primarily in Italy, Spain, and Portugal.\n\n", "Q380884": "Corin William Redgrave (16 July 1939 \u2013 6 April 2010) was an English actor and activist.", "Q164204": "Musicology (from Greek '\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae' (mousik\u0113) for 'music' and '\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2' (logos) for 'domain of study') is the scholarly analysis and research-based study of music. Musicology departments traditionally belong to the humanities, although music research is often more scientific in focus (psychological, sociological, acoustical, neurological, computational). A scholar who participates in musical research is a musicologist.Musicology traditionally is divided in three main branches: historical musicology, systematic musicology and ethnomusicology. Historical musicologists mostly study the history of the so-called Western classical tradition, though the study of music history need not be limited to that. Ethnomusicologists draw from anthropology (particularly field research) to understand how and why people make music. Systematic musicology includes music theory, aesthetics, pedagogy, musical acoustics, the science and technology of musical instruments, and the musical implications of physiology, psychology, sociology, philosophy and computing. Cognitive musicology is the set of phenomena surrounding the cognitive modeling of music. When musicologists carry out research using computers, their research often falls under the field of computational musicology. Music therapy is a specialized form of applied musicology which is sometimes considered more closely affiliated with health fields, and other times regarded as part of musicology proper.", "Q76188": "Jennifer Ulrich (born 18 October 1984) is a German actress who has starred in such films as The Wave and We Are The Night. She was born in Lichtenberg, Berlin.", "Q313020": "Dominic Gerard Francis Eagleton West (born 15 October 1969) is an English actor, director, and musician. He is best known for playing Jimmy McNulty in The Wire (2002\u20132008) and Noah Solloway in The Affair (2014\u20132019), the latter of which earned him a Golden Globe nomination. He won the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor at the 2012 British Academy Television Awards for portraying serial killer Fred West in Appropriate Adult (2011), and he played Jean Valjean in the 2018 BBC miniseries Les Mis\u00e9rables. His film credits include Chicago (2002), 300 (2007), Punisher: War Zone (2008), John Carter (2012), The Square (2017), and Colette (2018). West now plays the role of Dr Chris Cox in the Sky One series Brassic.", "Q718382": "Mark Boone Junior (born Mark Heidrich; March 17, 1955) is an American actor, best known for his roles as Bobby Munson in FX's Sons of Anarchy (2008\u20132014) and in Christopher Nolan's Memento (2000) and Batman Begins (2005).", "Q18044948": "John Miller (born 1954) is an artist, writer, and musician based in New York and Berlin. He received a B.F.A. from the Rhode Island School of Design in 1977. He attended the Whitney Museum of American Art Independent Study Program in 1978 and received an M.F.A. from California Institute of the Arts in 1979. Miller worked as a gallery attendant at Dia:Chelsea. He is currently Professor of Professional Practice in Art History at Barnard College\n\n", "Q965016": "Mark Gevisser (born 1964) is a South African author and journalist best known for his biography of Thabo Mbeki, his country's second democratically elected president.", "Q219519": "Phillip LaDon Phillips Jr. (born September 20, 1990) is an American singer, songwriter and actor who won the eleventh season of American Idol on May 23, 2012. His coronation song, \"Home,\" became the all-time best-selling song from American Idol. His debut album The World from the Side of the Moon was released on November 19, 2012. His second album, Behind the Light, was released on May 19, 2014. His third album, Collateral, was released January 19, 2018.\n\n", "Q56810907": "Esperantology, or Esperanto studies, is a special Esperanto linguistics whose subjects are word construction, word assembly, word introduction and transcription of umbrella terms and proper names. Esperantology principles of word construction are exemplary of the principles of necessity and sufficiency which postulate a balance between conciseness and clarity of the word. Regarding word roots, esperantology sets these principles:\n\nThe principle of internationality\nThe principle of analogy with other language elements\nThe principle of the vocabulary being economical\nThe principle of euphonyAs it is possible to see, all these principles are not always in accordance among themselves; for example the principle of internationality asks for the word internacionala while the analogy and the dictionary being economical as for the word internacia. In the language, the second and third rule are stronger than the first one.\nBesides, the absolute validity of the above-mentioned principles also obstructs the language use, which can sanction not that correct forms and can clarify forms not clear enough.", "Q64": "Berlin (; German: [b\u025b\u0281\u02c8li\u02d0n] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3,769,495 (2019) inhabitants make it the most populous city proper of the European Union. The city is one of Germany's 16 federal states. It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg, and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital. The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region, which is, with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km\u00b2, Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions.\n\nBerlin straddles the banks of the River Spree, which flows into the River Havel (a tributary of the River Elbe) in the western borough of Spandau. Among the city's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree, Havel, and Dahme rivers (the largest of which is Lake M\u00fcggelsee). Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. About one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers, canals and lakes. The city lies in the Central German dialect area, the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects.\nFirst documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes, Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417\u20131701), the Kingdom of Prussia (1701\u20131918), the German Empire (1871\u20131918), the Weimar Republic (1919\u20131933), and the Third Reich (1933\u20131945). Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world. After World War II and its subsequent occupation by the victorious countries, the city was divided; West Berlin became a de facto West German exclave, surrounded by the Berlin Wall (1961\u20131989) and East German territory. East Berlin was declared capital of East Germany, while Bonn became the West German capital. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany.\nBerlin is a world city of culture, politics, media and science. Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations and convention venues. Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination. Significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction and electronics.\nBerlin is home to world-renowned universities such as the Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin (HU Berlin), the Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin (TU Berlin), the Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin (Free University of Berlin), the Universit\u00e4t der K\u00fcnste (University of the Arts, UdK) and the Berlin School of Economics and Law. The city has numerous orchestras, museums, and entertainment venues, and is host to many sporting events. Its Zoological Garden is the most visited zoo in Europe and one of the most popular worldwide. With the world's oldest large-scale movie studio complex, Berlin is an increasingly popular location for international film productions. The city is well known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts and a very high quality of living. Since the 2000s Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene.", "Q2449634": "St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle in England is a chapel built in high-medieval Gothic style. It is both a Royal Peculiar, a church under the direct jurisdiction of the monarch, and the Chapel of the Order of the Garter. It is located in the Lower Ward of the castle.\nSt. George's castle chapel was originally founded in the 14th century by King Edward III and extensively enlarged in the late 15th century. It has been the scene of many royal services, weddings and burials. Windsor, England's premier castle, is the principal residence of the monarch.\nThe running of the Chapel is the responsibility of the dean and canons of Windsor who make up the College of St. George. They are assisted by a Clerk, Verger and other staff. The Society of the Friends of St George's and Descendants of the Knights of the Garter, a registered charity, was established in 1931 to assist the College in maintaining the Chapel.", "Q172466": "Steven Chu (Chinese: \u6731\u68e3\u6587; pinyin: Zh\u016b D\u00ecw\u00e9n; born February 28, 1948) is an American physicist and a former government official. He is known for his research at the University of California at Berkeley and his research at Bell Labs and Stanford University regarding the cooling and trapping of atoms with laser light, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997, along with his scientific colleagues Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William Daniel Phillips.Chu served as the 12th United States Secretary of Energy from 2009 to 2013. At the time of his appointment as Energy Secretary, Chu was a professor of physics and molecular and cellular biology at the University of California, Berkeley, and the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where his research was concerned primarily with the study of biological systems at the single molecule level. Chu resigned as energy secretary on April 22, 2013. He returned to Stanford as Professor of Physics and Professor of Molecular & Cellular Physiology.\nChu is a vocal advocate for more research into renewable energy and nuclear power, arguing that a shift away from fossil fuels is essential to combating climate change. He has conceived of a global \"glucose economy\", a form of a low-carbon economy, in which glucose from tropical plants is shipped around like oil is today. On February 22, 2019, Chu began a one-year term as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.", "Q206439": "Isaac Lee Hayes Jr. (August 20, 1942 \u2013 August 10, 2008) was an American singer, songwriter, actor, and producer. Hayes was one of the creative forces behind the Southern soul music label Stax Records, where he served both as an in-house songwriter and as a session musician and record producer, teaming with his partner David Porter during the mid-1960s. Hayes and Porter were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2005 in recognition of writing scores of songs for themselves, the duo Sam & Dave, Carla Thomas, and others. In 2002, Hayes was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.\"Soul Man\", written by Hayes and Porter and first performed by Sam & Dave, was recognized as one of the most influential songs of the past 50 years by the Grammy Hall of Fame. It was also honored by The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, by Rolling Stone magazine, and by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) as one of the Songs of the Century. During the late 1960s, Hayes also began a career as a recording artist. He had several successful soul albums such as Hot Buttered Soul (1969) and Black Moses (1971). In addition to his work in popular music, he worked as a composer of musical scores for motion pictures.\nHayes was well known for his musical score for the film Shaft (1971). For the \"Theme from Shaft\", he was awarded the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1972. He became the third African-American, after Sidney Poitier and Hattie McDaniel, to win an Oscar in any competitive field covered by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He also won two Grammy Awards for that same year. Later, he was given his third Grammy for his music album Black Moses.\nIn 1992, Hayes was crowned honorary king of the Ada region of Ghana in recognition of his humanitarian work there. He acted in motion pictures and television, such as in the movies Truck Turner and I'm Gonna Git You Sucka, and as Gandolf \"Gandy\" Fitch in the TV series The Rockford Files (1974\u20131980). He voiced the character Chef from the animated Comedy Central series South Park from its debut in 1997 until 2006. His influences were Percy Mayfield, Big Joe Turner, James Brown, Jerry Butler, Sam Cooke, Fats Domino, Marvin Gaye, Otis Redding, and psychedelic soul groups like The Chambers Brothers and Sly and the Family Stone.\nOn August 5, 2003, Hayes was honored as a BMI Icon at the 2003 BMI Urban Awards for his enduring influence on generations of music makers. Throughout his songwriting career, Hayes received five BMI R&B Awards, two BMI Pop Awards, two BMI Urban Awards and six Million-Air citations. As of 2008, his songs generated more than 12 million performances.", "Q185788": "Kenneth Comninos Michael, (born 12 April 1938) is an Australian civil engineer, academic and former public servant who was the 30th Governor of Western Australia, serving from 2006 to 2011.", "Q725765": "David Kushner (born November 16, 1966) is an American musician perhaps best known as the rhythm guitarist for the hard rock supergroup Velvet Revolver. Kushner has also been a member of Wasted Youth, Electric Love Hogs, Loaded, Danzig, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro's solo band, Sugartooth, Zilch while he has also recorded with Infectious Grooves, Cyco Miko and more recently collaborated with Scars on Broadway guitarist Franky Perez releasing songs under the pseudonym of DKFXP, a combination of the initials of Perez and Kushner, as well as working with Indian singer and actress Shruti Haasan.Kushner has also been writing and composing music for films and television, most notable the theme for FX series Sons of Anarchy, titled \"This Life\", where he received an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Main Title Theme Music in 2009 while in 2010 he received an ASCAP Award for the theme. He collaborated with composer John O'Brien on the music for the movies Four Christmases, Couples Retreat and the ABC drama series Detroit 1-8-7 while he was also asked to develop a spin-off of How I Met Your Mother entitled \"The Bro Code\" by Fox creative director Dave Warren and The Simpsons segment director Ralph Sosa.In 2009, Kushner was named \"One of The 50 Greatest Unsung Guitar Heroes Ever\" by Total Guitar magazine.", "Q166413": "Black Hen Music is a Canadian independent record label founded in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1995. The music label was established by record producer and musician Steve Dawson of the band Zubot and Dawson. Black Hen Music began releasing albums in 1996 and is distributed in Canada by Fontana North, in Europe and the UK by Continental Record Services, and in the US by Burnside Distribution.", "Q298761": "Clive Barker (born 5 October 1952) is an English playwright, novelist, film director, and visual artist. Barker came to prominence in the mid-1980s with a series of short stories, the Books of Blood, which established him as a leading horror writer. He has since written many novels and other works, and his fiction has been adapted into films, notably the Hellraiser and Candyman series. He was also the executive producer of the film Gods and Monsters.\nBarker's paintings and illustrations have been featured in galleries in the United States as well as within his own books. He has created original characters and series for comic books, and some of his more popular horror stories have been featured in ongoing comics series.\n\n", "Q677037": "Telangana ( (listen)) is a state in India situated on the centre-south stretch of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the twelfth largest state and the twelfth-most populated state in India with a geographical area of 112,077 km2 (43,273 sq mi) and 35,193,978 residents as per 2011 census. On 2 June 2014, the area was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed 29th state with Hyderabad as its historic permanent capital. Its other major cities include Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam and Karimnagar. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north, Chhattisgarh to the east, Karnataka to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south. The terrain of Telangana region consists mostly of hills, mountain ranges, and thick dense forests covering an area of 27,292 km2 (10,538 sq mi). As of 2019, the state of Telangana is divided into 33 districts.\nThroughout antiquity and the Middle Ages, the region now known as Telangana was ruled by multiple major Indian powers such as the Cholas, Mauryans, Satavahanas, Chalukyas, Kakatiyas, Delhi Sultanate, Bahmani Sultanate, Golconda Sultanate. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the region was ruled by the Mughals. The region is known for its Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb culture. During the 18th century and the British Raj, Telangana was ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad. In 1823, the Nizams lost control over Northern Circars (Coastal Andhra) and Ceded Districts (Rayalseema), which were handed over to the East India Company. The annexation by the British of the Northern Circars deprived Hyderabad State, the Nizam's dominion, of the considerable coastline it formerly had, to that of a landlocked princely state with territories in the central Deccan, bounded on all sides by British India. Thereafter, the Northern Circars were governed as part of Madras Presidency until India's independence in 1947, after which the presidency became India's Madras state.The Hyderabad state joined the Union of India in 1948 after an Indian military invasion. In 1956, the Hyderabad State was dissolved as part of the linguistic reorganisation of states and Telangana was merged with the Telugu-speaking Andhra State (part of the Madras Presidency during the British Raj) to form Andhra Pradesh. A peasant-driven movement began to advocate for separation from Andhra Pradesh starting in the early 1950s, and continued until Telangana was awarded separate statehood on 2 June 2014.The economy of Telangana is the eighth-largest state economy in India with \u20b99.7 lakh crore (US$140 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of \u20b9228,000 (US$3,200). Telangana ranks 22nd among Indian states in human development index. The state has emerged as a major focus for robust IT software, industry and services sector. The state is also the main administrative centre of many Indian defence aero-space and research labs like Bharat Dynamics Limited, Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organisation and Defence Research and Development Laboratory. Telangana is all set to adopt the world-class emission norms from April 2020. The Indian Oil will start selling the Bharat Stage VI fuels in all its retail outlets from 1 April.The cultural hearts of Telangana, Hyderabad, and Warangal, are noted for their wealth and renowned historical structures \u2013 Charminar, Qutb Shahi Tombs, Paigah Tombs, Falaknuma Palace, Chowmahalla Palace, Warangal Fort, Kakatiya Kala Thoranam, Thousand Pillar Temple and the Bhongir Fort in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district. The historic city Golconda in Hyderabad established itself as a diamond trading center and, until the end of the 19th century, the Golconda market was the primary source of the finest and largest diamonds in the world. Thus, the legendary name Golconda Diamonds became synonymous with Golconda itself. The Golconda region has produced some of the world's most famous diamonds, including the colorless Koh-i-Noor (owned by the United Kingdom), the blue Hope (United States), the pink Daria-i-Noor (Iran), the white Regent (France), the Dresden Green (Germany), and the colorless Orlov (Russia), Nizam and Jacob (India), as well as the now lost diamonds Florentine Yellow, Akbar Shah and Great Mogul. Religious edifices like the Lakshmi Narasimha Temple in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district, Makkah Masjid in Hyderabad, and Medak Cathedral are several of its most famous places of worship.", "Q98737": "Fritz Eberhard (2 October 1896 \u2013 30 March 1982) was a German journalist, anti-fascist and social democrat and fought in the German Resistance against Nazism. He was a member of the Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund (ISK). After the war, Eberhard was a member of the Parliamentary Council, precursor of the Bundestag, where he was one of the founders of the modern German constitution.", "Q887939": "Robert L. \"Bob\" Geddins (February 6, 1913 \u2013 February 16, 1991) was an American San Francisco Bay Area blues and rhythm and blues musician and record producer.Geddins was born in Highbank, Texas, United States, a town ten miles south of Marlin, who came to Oakland, California during World War II, and worked there until his \ndeath of liver cancer in 1991, ten days after his 78th birthday.", "Q383355": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes is a 1953 American musical comedy film based on the 1949 stage musical of the same name. It was directed by Howard Hawks and stars Jane Russell and Marilyn Monroe, with Charles Coburn, Elliott Reid, Tommy Noonan, George Winslow, Taylor Holmes and Norma Varden in supporting roles.\nThe film is filled with comedic gags and musical numbers, choreographed by Jack Cole, while the music was written by Hoagy Carmichael, Harold Adamson, Jule Styne and Leo Robin. The songs by Styne and Robin are from the Broadway show, while the songs by Carmichael and Adamson were written especially for the film. Despite the film's title, Monroe was paid her usual contract salary of $500 a week, while Russell, then the better known actress, earned $200,000.\nWhile Russell's down-to-earth, sharp wit has been observed by most critics, it was Monroe's turn as the gold-digging Lorelei Lee for which the film is often remembered. Monroe's rendition of the song \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\" and her pink dress are considered iconic, and the performance has inspired homages by Beyonc\u00e9, Madonna, Geri Halliwell, Kylie Minogue, Nicole Kidman, Anna Nicole Smith, Christina Aguilera, Normani, Ariana Grande, and James Franco.", "Q1987282": "The University of Rennes was a French university located in the city of Rennes. It was established by the union of the 3 faculties of the city (Law, letters, and science) in 1885. In 1969, it was divided in two new universities:\n\nthe University of Rennes 1\nthe University of Rennes 2 \u2013 Upper Brittany\n\n", "Q7124": "Ruswil is a municipality in the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q503068": "Andrej Sl\u00e1dkovi\u010d (born as Andrej Braxatoris, pseudonyms Andrej Braxatoris-Sl\u00e1dkovi\u010d, Andrej Sl\u00e1dkovi\u010d, Ond\u0159ej Krasislav Sl\u00e1dkovi\u010d, 31 March 1820, in Krupina (Korpona) \u2013 20 April 1872, in Radva\u0148 near Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica) was a Slovak poet, critic, publicist and translator.", "Q1444898": "John Steven Campbell (born September 30, 1972) is the bassist and a founding member of the heavy metal band Lamb of God.", "Q461821": "Eric Allen Boe (born October 1, 1964) is a United States Air Force fighter pilot Colonel, test pilot, a Civil Air Patrol member, and a NASA astronaut. He flew as the pilot of Space Shuttle missions STS-126 and STS-133.", "Q45542": "Helmut Fischer (15 November 1926 \u2013 14 June 1997) was a popular award-winning German actor.", "Q1555": "Guatemala City (Spanish: Ciudad de Guatemala), locally known as Guatemala or Guate, officially Nueva Guatemala de la Asunci\u00f3n (New Guatemala of the Assumption), is the capital and largest city of Guatemala, and the most populous urban area in Central America. The city is located in the south-central part of the country, nestled in a mountain valley called Valle de la Ermita (English: Hermitage Valley). It is estimated that its population is about 1 million. Guatemala City is also the capital of the Municipality of Guatemala and of the Guatemala Department.\nGuatemala City is the site of the Mayan city of Kaminaljuyu, founded around 1500 BC. Following the Spanish conquest, a new town was established, and in 1776 it was made capital of the Kingdom of Guatemala. In 1821, Guatemala City was the scene of the declaration of independence of Central America from Spain, after which it became the capital of the newly established United Provinces of Central America (later the Federal Republic of Central America). In 1847, Guatemala declared itself an independent republic, with Guatemala City as its capital. The city was almost completely destroyed by the 1917\u201318 earthquakes. Reconstructions following the earthquakes have resulted in a more modern architectural landscape.Today, Guatemala City is the political, cultural, and economic center of Guatemala. It is served by La Aurora International Airport.", "Q467288": "Peggy March (born Margaret Annemarie Battavio, March 8, 1948 in Lansdale, Pennsylvania) is an American pop singer. In the United States, she is primarily known for her 1963 million-selling song \"I Will Follow Him\". Although she is sometimes remembered as a one-hit wonder, she continued to have success in Europe well into the 1970s.", "Q255707": "Jolyn Christine Heutmaker (born October 5, 1970), known professionally as Josie Bissett, is an American actress best known for her role as Jane Mancini on the television series Melrose Place.", "Q74947": "Ehrenfried G\u00fcnther Freiherr von H\u00fcnefeld (1 May 1892 \u2013 5 February 1929) was a German aviation pioneer and initiator of the first transatlantic aeroplane flight from East to West.", "Q7790727": "Thomas Morland Hocken (14 January 1836 \u2013 17 May 1910) was a New Zealand collector, bibliographer and researcher.", "Q116692": "Jay Asher (born September 30, 1975) is an American writer and novelist. He is best known for writing the bestselling 2007 book Thirteen Reasons Why.", "Q1233": "Alessandro \"Sandro\" Pertini, (Italian: [(ales)\u02c8sandro per\u02c8ti\u02d0ni]; 25 September 1896 \u2013 24 February 1990) was an Italian journalist, partisan and socialist politician who served as the seventh President of Italy, from 1978 to 1985.", "Q620609": "Ivars Kn\u0113ts, (September 17, 1938, Riga, Latvia \u2013 March 1, 2019) was a rector and professor at Riga Technical University, as the Director of the Institute of Biomaterials and Biomechanics. Corresponding Member Latvian Academy of Sciences. Academician Academia Scientiarum et Artium Europaea.", "Q106481": "Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman (21 February 1946 \u2013 14 January 2016) was an English actor and director. Known for his languid tone and delivery, Rickman's signature sound was the result of a speech impediment when he could not move his lower jaw properly as a child. He trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London and became a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), performing in modern and classical theatre productions. He played the Vicomte de Valmont in the RSC stage production of Les Liaisons Dangereuses in 1985, and after the production transferred to the West End in 1986 and Broadway in 1987 he was nominated for a Tony Award.\nRickman's first cinematic role was as the German terrorist leader Hans Gruber in Die Hard (1988). He also appeared as the Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991), for which he received the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role; Elliott Marston in Quigley Down Under (1990); Jamie in Truly, Madly, Deeply (1990); P.L. O'Hara in An Awfully Big Adventure (1995); Colonel Brandon in Sense and Sensibility (1995); Alexander Dane in Galaxy Quest (1999); Severus Snape in the Harry Potter series; Harry in Love Actually (2003); Marvin the Paranoid Android in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005); and Judge Turpin in the film adaptation of Stephen Sondheim's musical of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007).\nRickman made his television acting debut playing Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (1978) as part of the BBC's Shakespeare series. The BBC also provided him with his breakthrough role: Obadiah Slope in the television adaptation of The Barchester Chronicles (1982). He later starred in television films, playing the title character in Rasputin: Dark Servant of Destiny (1996), which won him a Golden Globe Award, an Emmy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award, and Dr. Alfred Blalock in the Emmy-winning Something the Lord Made (2004). Rickman died of pancreatic cancer on 14 January 2016 at age 69. His final film roles were as Lieutenant General Frank Benson in the thriller Eye in the Sky (2015), and reprising his role as the voice of the caterpillar from Alice in Wonderland (2010) in Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016).", "Q494466": "Andrea Mitchell (born October 30, 1946) is an American television journalist, anchor, and commentator for NBC News, based in Washington, D.C.\nShe is the NBC News Chief Foreign Affairs & Senior Washington Correspondent, and reported on the 2008 presidential election campaign for NBC News broadcasts, including NBC Nightly News with Lester Holt, Today, and MSNBC. She anchors Andrea Mitchell Reports airing from 12:00 noon to 1:00 p.m. ET weekdays on MSNBC, has appeared on and guest hosted Meet the Press, and is often a guest on Hardball with Chris Matthews and The Rachel Maddow Show.\nIn 2019, Mitchell earned a Lifetime Achievement Emmy for her journalistic work.", "Q661133": "Boudry District was one of the six districts of the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland, until the district level was eliminated on 1 January 2018. It had a population of 40,701. The district capital was the town of Boudry.", "Q97362": "Helga Guitton (born 18 December 1942) is a German radio and television presenter. She was a disc jockey and interviewer for RTL and was presenter of the 1973 Eurovision Song Contest.", "Q764739": "The Federal Statistical Office (German: Statistisches Bundesamt, shortened Destatis) is a federal authority of Germany. It reports to the Federal Ministry of the Interior.\nThe Office is responsible for collecting, processing, presenting and analysing statistical information concerning the topics economy, society and environment. The purpose is providing objective, independent and highly qualitative statistical information for the whole public.\nAbout 2300 staff members are employed in the departments in Wiesbaden, Bonn and Berlin.The department in Wiesbaden is the main office and runs the largest library specialised in statistical literature in Germany. It is also the Office of the President who is also by tradition, but not by virtue of the office, the Federal Returning Officer. In this position he or she is the supervisor of the elections of the German Parliament (\"Bundestag\") and of the European Parliament.\nThe Berlin Information Point is the service centre of the Federal Office in the German capital and provides information and advisory services for the German Government, other federal authorities, embassies, industry and public, associations and all those who are interested in official statistics in Berlin and Brandenburg.", "Q182781": "Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha, known as Muhammad Ali of Egypt and the Sudan (Ottoman script: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0622\u063a\u0627; Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u200e, ALA-LC: Mu\u1e25ammad \u2018Al\u012b B\u0101sh\u0101; 4 March 1769 \u2013 2 August 1849), was the Albanian Ottoman governor and de facto ruler and King of Egypt from 1805 to 1848. At the height of his rule, he controlled Lower Egypt, Upper Egypt, Sudan and parts of Arabia and the entire Levant. Though not a modern nationalist, he is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt.\nMuhammad Ali was born in Kavala, Ottoman Macedonia, to a family of Albanian origins. He was a military commander in an Albanian Ottoman force sent to recover Egypt from a French occupation under Napoleon. Following Napoleon's withdrawal, Muhammad Ali rose to power through a series of political maneuvers, and in 1805 he was named W\u0101li (viceroy) of Egypt and gained the rank of Pasha.\nAs W\u0101li, Muhammad Ali attempted to modernize Egypt by instituting dramatic reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres. He also initiated a violent purge of the Mamluks, consolidating his rule and permanently ending the Mamluk hold over Egypt.\nMilitarily, Muhammad Ali recaptured the Arabian territories for the sultan, and conquered Sudan on his own accord. His attempt at suppressing the Greek rebellion failed decisively, however, following an intervention by the European powers at Navarino. In 1831, Muhammad Ali waged war against the sultan, capturing Syria, crossing into Anatolia and directly threatening Constantinople but Western Powers threatened him to retreat. He did the same invasion against the Ottoman Empire in 1840, when he defeated again the Ottomans and had a free way to capture Istanbul. Faced with another European intervention, he accepted a brokered peace in 1842 and withdrew from the Levant; in return, he and his descendants were granted hereditary rule over Egypt and Sudan. The dynasty he established would rule Egypt until the revolution of 1952.", "Q495778": "Wunsiedel is the seat of the Upper Franconian district of Wunsiedel in northeast Bavaria, Germany. The town is the birthplace of poet Jean Paul. It also became known for its annual Luisenburg Festival and the Rudolf Hess Memorial March held there by Neo-Nazis until 2005.", "Q214983": "Christian Wilhelm von Dohm (German: [do\u02d0m]; 11 December 1751 \u2013 29 May 1820) was a German historian and political writer.", "Q62843": "Robert Elliot Kahn (born December 23, 1938) is an American electrical engineer, who, along with Vint Cerf, first proposed the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), the fundamental communication protocols at the heart of the Internet.\nIn 2004, Kahn won the Turing Award with Vint Cerf for their work on TCP/IP.\n\n", "Q504061": "For his son, a former president of the European Parliament, see Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Gil-Robles.Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Gil-Robles y Qui\u00f1ones de Le\u00f3n (Salamanca, 27 November 1898 \u2013 Madrid, 13 September 1980) was a Spanish politician, leader of the CEDA and a prominent figure in the period leading up to the Spanish Civil War. He served as Minister of War from May to December 1935. In the 1936 elections the CEDA was defeated, and support for Gil-Robles and his party evaporated. As Civil War approached, Gil-Robles was unwilling to struggle with Francisco Franco for power and in April 1937 he announced the dissolution of CEDA, and went into exile. Abroad, he negotiated with Spanish monarchists to try to arrive at a common strategy for taking power in Spain. In 1968 he was named a professor of the University of Oviedo and published his book No fue posible la paz ('Peace Was Not Possible'). He was a member of the International Tribunal at the Hague. After the death of Franco and the end of his regime, Gil-Robles became one of the leaders of the \"Spanish Christian Democracy\" party, which however failed to win support in the Spanish general elections in 1977.", "Q297334": "Omar Hashim Epps (born July 20, 1973) is an American actor. His film roles include Juice, Higher Learning, The Wood, In Too Deep and Love and Basketball. His television work includes the role of Dr. Dennis Gant on the medical drama series ER, J. Martin Bellamy in Resurrection, Dr. Eric Foreman on the Fox medical drama series House from 2004 to 2012, and Isaac Johnson in the TV series Shooter from 2016 to 2018.", "Q172300": "Mike Nazaruk (October 2, 1921 Newark, New Jersey \u2013 May 1, 1955 Langhorne, Pennsylvania) was an American racecar driver. He raced midget cars, sprint cars, and IndyCars. He was nicknamed \"Iron Mike.\"Nazaruk was of Ukrainian descent. Before racing, he worked as a florist's delivery driver and as an aircraft welder.Nazaruk served as a U.S. Marine in the Battle of Guam and the Guadalcanal campaign in World War II. He promised himself that if he lived through the war he would become a race driver.", "Q387655": "Neville John \"Noddy\" Holder (born 15 June 1946) is an English musician and actor. He was the lead singer and rhythm guitarist of the English band Slade, one of the UK's most successful acts of the 1970s. Holder co-wrote most of Slade's material with bass guitarist Jim Lea and is known for his unique and powerful voice.", "Q2289893": "New World Records is a record label that was established in 1975 through a Rockefeller Foundation grant to celebrate America's bicentennial (1976) by producing a 100-LP anthology, with American music from many genres.In addition to this project, after 1978 New World produced new jazz by Roy Eldridge, Ricky Ford, Earl Hines, Steve Kuhn, Jay McShann, Jimmy Rushing, Buddy Tate, and Cecil Taylor.New World has released over 400 albums by a variety of artists with diverse musical backgrounds, including jazz, classical music, experimental, popular song, and traditional music. Notable releases in the label's catalogue include the Grammy Award-winning releases of Samuel Barber's opera Antony and Cleopatra in 1984; Leonard Bernstein's operetta Candide in 1986; and Ned Rorem's String Symphony/Sunday Morning/Eagles in 1989.\nNew World's CRI and CRL catalog was transferred to the digital domain by George Blood Audio and Video of Philadelphia from 2006 to 2010.", "Q61122409": "Oleg is a 2019 Latvian drama film directed by Juris Kursietis. It was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q1346218": "Marcel Khalife (Arabic: \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u200e; b. June 10, 1950, Amchit, Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon) is a Lebanese composer, singer, and oud player.", "Q2596242": "Giovanni Battista (or Giambattista) Brocchi (18 February 1772 \u2013 25 September 1826) was an Italian naturalist, mineralogist and geologist.", "Q2563963": "Wesley Abner D'Ewart (October 1, 1889 \u2013 September 2, 1973) was a U.S. Republican politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from Montana's 2nd congressional district from June 5, 1945, to January 3, 1955.\nHe was born in Worcester, Massachusetts as the son of William John D'Ewart and Mary Elizabeth Barnard. He attended Washington State College at Pullman and moved to Montana, where he settled in Park County, working as a businessman. From 1937 to 1939, he served in the Montana House of Representatives, and from 1941 to 1945, he served in the Montana Senate.\nWhen United States Congressman James F. O'Connor, who represented Montana's 2nd congressional district died on January 15, 1945, a special election was held to replace him, which D'Ewart won. He was re-elected in 1946 against Democratic nominee John J. Holmes by a wide margin, and in 1948, he defeated Willard E. Fraser to narrowly win re-election. D'Ewart was re-elected in 1950 and 1952 against John J. Holmes.\nRather than seek re-election, D'Ewart ran for the United States Senate against incumbent Democratic Senator James E. Murray in 1954. Following a close and contentious election, Murray narrowly defeated D'Ewart to win his final term in the Senate.\nD'Ewart served as an assistant to the United States Secretary of Agriculture from January 1955 to September 1955. He was Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior from October 1955 to July 1956. From August 1956 to October 1958 he was a special representative for the Secretary of Agriculture.\nWhen incumbent Governor J. Hugo Aronson declined to seek reelection as Governor of Montana in 1960, D'Ewart ran to succeed him, and lost to former State Senator Donald Grant Nutter in the Republican primary by fewer than five hundred votes. (Nutter went on to win the general election.)\nD'Ewart was a director of the National Water Resources Association, and he served on the Western States Water Council from 1966 to 1969.\nHe died in Livingston, Montana, on September 2, 1973. D'Ewart was buried at Mountain View Cemetery in Livingston.", "Q11675": "Eliot Laurence Spitzer (born June 10, 1959) is an American politician, attorney, educator, and real estate developer. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 54th Governor of New York.\nAfter serving for six years as a prosecutor with the office of the Manhattan District Attorney, Spitzer worked as an attorney in private practice with several New York law firms. He was then elected to two four-year terms as the Attorney General of New York, serving from 1999 to 2006; during this period, Spitzer became known as the \"Sheriff of Wall Street\" for his efforts to curb corruption in the financial services industry. Spitzer was elected Governor of New York in 2006 and served as the 54th Governor of New York from January 1, 2007 until his resignation on March 17, 2008 in the midst of a prostitution scandal.Since 2008, Spitzer has worked as a television host and an adjunct instructor; he also ran unsuccessfully for New York City Comptroller in 2013, engaged in real estate activity, and made private investments in a start-up company.\n\n", "Q83317": "Mosul (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u200e, romanized: al-Maw\u1e63il, Kurdish: Mosil ,\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06b5\u200e, Syriac: \u0721\u0718\u0728\u0720\u200e, romanized: M\u0101w\u1e63il) is a major city in northern Iraq. Located approximately 400 km (250 mi) north of Baghdad, Mosul stands on the west bank of the Tigris, opposite the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh on the east bank. The metropolitan area has grown to encompass substantial areas on both the \"Left Bank\" (east side) and the \"Right Bank\" (west side), as the two banks are described by the locals compared to the flow direction of Tigris.\nAt the start of the 21st century, Mosul and its surroundings had an ethnically and religiously diverse population; the majority of Mosul's population were Arabs, with Assyrians, Armenians, Turkmens, Kurds, Yazidis, Shabakis, Mandaeans, Kawliya, Circassians in addition to other, smaller ethnic minorities. In religious terms, mainstream Sunni Islam was the largest religion, but with a significant number of followers of the Salafi movement and Christianity (the latter followed by the Assyrians and Armenians), as well as Shia Islam, Sufism, Yazidism, Shabakism, Yarsanism and Mandaeism.\nMosul's population grew rapidly around the turn of the millennium and by 2004, the city's population was estimated to be 1,846,500. In 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant seized control of the city. The Iraqi government recaptured it in the Battle of Mosul three years later, during which the city sustained heavy damage.\nHistorically, important products of the area include Mosul marble and oil. The city of Mosul is home to the University of Mosul and its renowned Medical College, which together was one of the largest educational and research centers in Iraq and the Middle East.\nMosul, together with the nearby Nineveh plains, is one of the historic centers for the Assyrian people and their churches; the Chaldean Catholic Church, the Syriac Orthodox Church, and the Assyrian Church of the East, containing the tombs of several Old Testament prophets such as Jonah, some of which were destroyed by ISIL in July 2014.", "Q57620": "Lawrence Gonzi, (born 1 July 1953) is a Maltese politician, retired Nationalist politician and lawyer, who served for twenty-five years in various critical roles in Maltese politics. Gonzi was Prime Minister of Malta from 2004 to 2013, and leader of the Nationalist Party. He also served as speaker of the House from 1988 to 1996, and Minister of Social Policy from 1998 to 2004, as well as Deputy Prime Minister from 1999 to 2004. He served in practically all positions in Parliament, being also Leader of the House, an MP and Leader of the Opposition.Taking over as Prime Minister from Eddie Fenech Adami, Lawrence Gonzi led the islands through the delicate first years of EU membership. He piloted crucial economic and political reforms, spearheaded Malta's adoption of the euro, and the entry into force of the Schengen agreement. His decision to privatise the Malta shipyards, and the pensions reform, proved to be unpopular. Following a razor-thin electoral victory in 2008, perceptions of arrogance in his cabinet, fomented by the Labour Party opposition and rebel backbenchers, dented his second term of office. Following the loss of a financial vote, his government lost supply in December 2012. The Nationalist party went on to lose the successive general election, leading to Gonzi's resignation and eventual retirement from politics.\nGonzi stressed the need to ensure sustainable development and environmental stewardship on the islands, also focusing on strengthening the education and healthcare sectors. In international diplomacy, Gonzi was lauded for his role in the Libyan Revolution, breaking Malta's long relationship with the Gaddafi regime, and siding with the rebels. Additionally, his humanitarian response to the migratory pressures enfolding around Malta led to the first voluntary European migrant burden sharing pact. He was also highly regarded by EU leaders who worked by his side during his nine years as prime minister.\n\n", "Q41042": "Harold Pinter (; 10 October 1930 \u2013 24 December 2008) was a British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. A Nobel Prize winner, Pinter was one of the most influential modern British dramatists with a writing career that spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include The Birthday Party (1957), The Homecoming (1964), and Betrayal (1978), each of which he adapted for the screen. His screenplay adaptations of others' works include The Servant (1963), The Go-Between (1971), The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), The Trial (1993), and Sleuth (2007). He also directed or acted in radio, stage, television, and film productions of his own and others' works.\nPinter was born and raised in Hackney, east London, and educated at Hackney Downs School. He was a sprinter and a keen cricket player, acting in school plays and writing poetry. He attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art but did not complete the course. He was fined for refusing national service as a conscientious objector. Subsequently, he continued training at the Central School of Speech and Drama and worked in repertory theatre in Ireland and England. In 1956 he married actress Vivien Merchant and had a son, Daniel, born in 1958. He left Merchant in 1975 and married author Lady Antonia Fraser in 1980.\nPinter's career as a playwright began with a production of The Room in 1957. His second play, The Birthday Party, closed after eight performances, but was enthusiastically reviewed by critic Harold Hobson. His early works were described by critics as \"comedy of menace\". Later plays such as No Man's Land (1975) and Betrayal (1978) became known as \"memory plays\". He appeared as an actor in productions of his own work on radio and film. He also undertook a number of roles in works by other writers. He directed nearly 50 productions for stage, theatre and screen. Pinter received over 50 awards, prizes, and other honours, including the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005 and the French L\u00e9gion d'honneur in 2007.\nDespite frail health after being diagnosed with oesophageal cancer in December 2001, Pinter continued to act on stage and screen, last performing the title role of Samuel Beckett's one-act monologue Krapp's Last Tape, for the 50th anniversary season of the Royal Court Theatre, in October 2006. He died from liver cancer on 24 December 2008.", "Q95575": "Karoline Linnert (born 30 August 1958) is a German politician of the Alliance '90/The Greens. From 2007 until 2019, she served as Senator of Finance and Mayor of the city-state of Bremen. During her time in office, she was one of two people holding the title Mayor, the other being Carsten Sieling, the President of the Senate of Bremen.\n\n", "Q561835": "Armand Gatti (French: [gati]; 26 January 1924 \u2013 6 April 2017) was a French playwright, poet, journalist, screenwriter, filmmaker and World War II resistance fighter. His debut film Enclosure was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival where he won the Silver Prize for Best Director. Two years later, his film El Otro Crist\u00f3bal was entered into the 1963 Cannes Film Festival.In 2013 he was awarded the Grand prix du th\u00e9\u00e2tre de l'Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.", "Q539486": "Pietro Sandro Nenni (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8pje\u02d0tro \u02c8n\u025bnni]; 9 February 1891 \u2013 1 January 1980) was an Italian socialist politician, the national secretary of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and lifetime Senator since 1970. He was a recipient of the Stalin Peace Prize in 1951. He was a central figure of the Italian left from the 1920s to the 1960s.", "Q332950": "Charles Peter Kennedy (25 November 1959 \u2013 1 June 2015) was a British Liberal Democrat politician who was Leader of the Liberal Democrats from 1999 to 2006, and a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1983 to 2015.\nKennedy was elected to the House of Commons in 1983, and after the Alliance parties merged, became President of the Liberal Democrats and, following the resignation of Paddy Ashdown, Leader of the Liberal Democrats. He led the party through two general elections, increasing its number of seats in the House of Commons to their highest level since 1923, and led his party's opposition to the Iraq War. A charismatic and affable speaker in public, he appeared extensively on television during his leadership.\nDuring the latter stages of Kennedy's leadership, there was concern about both his leadership and his health. From December 2005, some within the party were openly questioning his position and calling for a leadership election. On 5 January 2006, he was informed that ITN would be reporting that he had received treatment for alcoholism; he pre-empted the broadcast by admitting that he had had treatment, and called a leadership election in which he intended to stand. After Menzies Campbell succeeded him as leader, Kennedy remained in office as a backbench MP, where he voted against the formation of the Cameron\u2013Clegg coalition, before his death less than a month after being unseated from the House of Commons in 2015.", "Q509545": "Sandrine Piau (born 5 June 1965) is a French soprano. She is particularly renowned in Baroque repertoire although also excels in Romantic and Modernist lieder and m\u00e9lodies. She has the versatility to perform works from Vivaldi, Handel, Rameau to Schumann, Debussy, and Poulenc. She has made numerous studio recordings, primarily with Harmonia Mundi, Na\u00efve, and Alpha since 2018.", "Q208372": "MAL\u00c9V Ltd. (Hungarian: Mal\u00e9v Zrt.), which did business as MAL\u00c9V Hungarian Airlines (Hungarian: Magyar L\u00e9gik\u00f6zleked\u00e9si V\u00e1llalat, abbreviated MAL\u00c9V, pronounced [\u02c8m\u0252le\u02d0v]), was the flag carrier of Hungary from 1946 until 2012. Its head office was in Budapest, with its main hub at Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport. The airline flew to over 50 cities in 34 countries with a fleet of 22 aircraft. Mal\u00e9v joined the Oneworld alliance on 29 March 2007. On 3 February 2012, Mal\u00e9v ceased operations and on 14 February 2012 was declared insolvent by the Metropolitan Court of Budapest.", "Q164562": "Sergio Leone (Italian: [\u02c8s\u025brd\u0292o le\u02c8o\u02d0ne]; January 3, 1929 \u2013 April 30, 1989) was an Italian film director, producer and screenwriter, credited as the creator of the Spaghetti Western genre and widely regarded as one of the most influential directors in the history of cinema.Leone's film-making style includes juxtaposing extreme close-up shots with lengthy long shots. His movies include the Dollars Trilogy of Westerns featuring Clint Eastwood: A Fistful of Dollars (1964), For a Few Dollars More (1965) and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966); and the Once Upon a Time films: Once Upon a Time in the West (1968), Duck, You Sucker! (1971) and Once Upon a Time in America (1984).", "Q302878": "Anastasiya Alexandrovna Vertinskaya (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u044f \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, born 19 December 1944, Moscow, Soviet Union), is a Soviet and Russian actress, who came to prominence in the early 1960s with her acclaimed performances in Scarlet Sails, Amphibian Man and Grigori Kozintsev's Hamlet.In the 1990s, disillusioned with the state of cinema at home, she went abroad to teach and spent 12 years in France, England, the United States and Switzerland. In 1988 Vertinskaya was designated a People's Artist of Russia. She is also a recipient of the Order of Honour (2005) and the Order of Friendship (2010).", "Q955880": "David Tibet (born David Michael Bunting; 5 March 1960) is a British poet and artist who founded the music group Current 93, of which he is the only full-time member.\nHe was given the name \"Tibet\" by Genesis P-Orridge, and in January 2005 he announced that he would revert to the name David Michael, although he continues to use the well-known \"Tibet\" in his public career to date.", "Q2376660": "Henri Louis Rougier, (28 October 1876 \u2013 July 1956) was a French sportsman, racing cyclist, pioneer aeroplane pilot and sporting motorist. He is best remembered for his victory in the inaugural Monte Carlo Rally when he drove his Turcat-M\u00e9ry from Paris to Monte Carlo, but he was also a regular competitor in both 'City to City' and Grand Prix races.On 18 November 1909 he was awarded Aviator's Certificate number 11 by the A\u00e9ro-Club de France. Throughout 1909 and 1910 he was a very successful competitor at Air shows and Grands Prix throughout Europe.Rougier was a successful entrepreneur, owning the Paris agency for Turcat-M\u00e9ry motor cars, and using his motor racing and rallying prowess to garner publicity. After World War I he manufactured a limited number of Rougier motor cars, based on Turcat-M\u00e9ry chassis but with mechanical design improvements and exclusive coach-built bodies.Rougier was appointed Chevalier of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur, plus being awarded the Croix de guerre and the 'Medal of Aeronautics'.", "Q497184": "Song Jin-woo (Korean: \uc1a1\uc9c4\uc6b0, hanja: \u5b8b\u93ad\u79b9, May 8, 1889 - December 30, 1945) was a Korean journalist, politician, independence activist, and social activist. His nickname was Goha (\uace0\ud558, \u53e4\u4e0b). He was the 3rd, 6th and 8th CEO of The Dong-a Ilbo and he was the founder and first head of the Korea Democratic Party (\ud55c\uad6d \ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9) in 1945. He was killed by Han Hyun-woo, a member of Baikuisa, a South Korean terrorist group.", "Q66416": "Untereggen is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q6952381": "NASA Astronaut Group 9 was a group of 19 NASA astronauts announced on May 29, 1980, and completed their training by 1981. This group was selected to supplement the 35 astronauts that had been selected in 1978, and marked the first time that non-Americans were trained as mission specialists with the selections of ESA astronauts Claude Nicollier and Wubbo Ockels. In keeping with the previous group, astronaut candidates were divided into pilots and mission specialists, with eight pilots, eleven mission specialists, and two international mission specialists within the group.", "Q3574105": "Yvon Gattaz (born 17 June 1925 in Bourgoin-Jallieu, France) is a French businessman. He is the co-founder of Radiall, an electronics manufacturer. He was President of the Conseil national du patronat fran\u00e7ais, the main pro-business organization in France, from 1981 to 1986. He has authored many books about free enterprise.", "Q174942": "Charles-Augustin de Ferriol d'Argental (20 December 1700 - 5 January 1788), was a French lawyer and diplomat, particularly remembered as a lifelong friend of Voltaire.", "Q70274": "Daniel Dominik Kaiser-K\u00fcblb\u00f6ck (born 27 August 1985; disappeared 9 September 2018) was a German pop singer and actor. He placed third in television talent show Deutschland sucht den Superstar in 2002. In September 2018 he went missing at sea off Canada while travelling on a cruise ship.\n\n", "Q519965": "Joseph Haule (born December 29th 1975), popularly known by his stage name Professor Jay, is a Tanzanian politician, rapper, songwriter and member of the Tanzanian parliament for Mikumi constituency. He is one of the prominent representatives of the \"Bongo Flava\" Tanzanian hip hop subgenre, which mixes elements from both Western hip hop and the Tanzanian tradition (including swahili lyrics as well as an activist attitude towards Tanzanian social issues such as HIV/AIDS, wealth, inequality, and political corruption).\n\n", "Q794353": "Azure Ray is an American dream pop duo, consisting of musicians Maria Taylor and Orenda Fink. Formed in Athens, Georgia in 2001, they later moved to Omaha, Nebraska joining the Saddle Creek Records music scene, which also included Bright Eyes, The Faint, Cursive and more. Azure Ray's music has often been featured in film and television including, Six Feet Under, Grey's Anatomy, The Devil Wears Prada and more.", "Q5305629": "Drake University is a private university in Des Moines, Iowa. The institution offers undergraduate and graduate programs, including professional programs in business, law, and pharmacy. Drake's law school is among the 25 oldest in the country.", "Q78628": "Maximilian Hussarek von Heinlein (3 May 1865 \u2013 6 March 1935), ennobled to the rank of Baron (Freiherr) in 1917, was an Austrian statesman who served as the penultimate Minister-President of Cisleithania in the last stage of World War I, for three months in 1918.\n\n", "Q3288697": "Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet (21 August 1906 \u2013 11 April 1996) was a French advertising magnate best known as the founder of Publicis Groupe. Bleustein-Blanchet also invented radio advertising in France, helped create the first French opinion polls, introduced \u00c9dith Piaf to the French public, and fought with the Free French forces during World War II.The son of Abraham Bleustein, a Russian-Jewish furniture salesman in northern Paris, Marcel Bleustein left school at the age of 14 to help out in the family furniture business. He founded Publicis in 1926 in a small apartment above a butcher's shop. In 1935, he purchased Radio LL from the radio manufacturer Lucien L\u00e9vy.\nHe renamed it Radio Cit\u00e9, and introduced France's first news broadcasts as well as its first radio jingles. Radio Cit\u00e9 also helped launch singer \u00c9dith Piaf.\nIn 1939, Marcel Bleustein married Sophie Vaillant, an English teacher who was the granddaughter of \u00c9douard Vaillant, a well-known 19th century Socialist politician. They had three daughters, including Elisabeth Badinter, a prominent feminist writer and philosopher who chairs the supervisory board of Publicis Groupe. When the Second World War broke out, Marcel Bleustein's companies were confiscated by the German occupation forces as \"Jewish properties\". He joined the Resistance, took the code-name Blanchet, and was detached to serve as a co-pilot for the US Eighth Air Force, flying bombing missions over France and Holland. When the war ended, he rebuilt Publicis from scratch, introducing the first opinion polls in France and developing the then-American fields of consumer research and brand analysis. [1] He retained his Resistance name of Blanchet, adding it legally to his original name. After the war, Mr. Bleustein-Blanchet reopened Publicis and, calling them on the phone himself, rapidly regained old and new clients, notably Shell, Colgate-Palmolive, L'oreal, Renault, Dim and many others. In 1957 he opened the first \"Publicis Drugstore\" on the ground level of Publicis' headquarters, 133 avenue des Champs Elys\u00e9es, former location of the Astoria hotel. The \"Drugstore\" was a huge success and immediately became the rendez vous point of the cool parisian youth. \nDuring the 1970s, under the leadership of Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet and his successor, Maurice L\u00e9vy, Publicis became an international communications group and is now the third largest communications group in the world. In 2008, twelve years after his death, the American Advertising Federation announced that Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet would become the first non-American to be named to the Advertising Hall of Fame.", "Q270222": "Michigan State University (MSU) is a public research university in East Lansing, Michigan. MSU was founded in 1855 and served as a model for land-grant universities later created under the Morrill Act of 1862. The university was founded as the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan, one of the country's first institutions of higher education to teach scientific agriculture. After the introduction of the Morrill Act, the college became coeducational and expanded its curriculum beyond agriculture. Today, MSU is one of the largest universities in the United States (in terms of enrollment) and has approximately 634,300 living alumni worldwide.U.S. News & World Report ranks its graduate programs the best in the U.S. in elementary teacher's education, secondary teacher's education, industrial and organizational psychology, rehabilitation counseling, African history (tied), supply chain logistics and nuclear physics in 2019. MSU pioneered the studies of packaging, hospitality business, supply chain management, and communication sciences. Michigan State is a member of the Association of American Universities, an organization of 65 leading research universities in North America and Canada. The university's campus houses the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, the W. J. Beal Botanical Garden, the Abrams Planetarium, the Wharton Center for Performing Arts, the Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, and the country's largest residence hall system.The Michigan State Spartans compete in the NCAA Division I Big Ten Conference. Michigan State Spartans football won the Rose Bowl Game in 1954, 1956, 1988 and 2014, and a total of six national championships. Spartans men's basketball won the NCAA National Championship in 1979 and 2000 and has attained the Final Four eight times since the 1998\u20131999 season, including in 2019 with a victory over Duke. Spartans ice hockey won NCAA national titles in 1966, 1986 and 2007. The women\u2019s cross country team was named Big Ten champions in 2019. In the fall of 2019, MSU student-athletes posted all-time highs for graduation success rates and federal graduation rates, according to NCAA statistics.\n\n", "Q433154": "Rachel India True (born November 15, 1966) is an American film and television actress and former fashion model. She is best known for her roles in such films as The Craft (1996), Nowhere (1997) and Half Baked (1998). True is also known for her role as Mona Thorne on the UPN sitcom Half & Half, which ran from 2002 to 2006.", "Q952137": "Mattias IA Eklundh (born 1969) is a guitarist and vocalist, known for his work with Freak Kitchen, Jonas Hellborg Trio and Art Metal; he has also produced several noted solo Freak Guitar albums released by Steve Vai and Favored Nations, and holds his annual Freak Guitar Camp in the woods of Sweden every summer for dedicated guitar players from all over the world. He was also prominently featured playing his trademark-style solos on the first four Soilwork albums.", "Q108447": "Heiko Josef Maas (born 19 September 1966) is a German politician who serves as the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the fourth cabinet of Angela Merkel since 14 March 2018. He served as the Federal Minister of Justice and Consumer Protection from 17 December 2013 to 14 March 2018. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party.\nMaas was born in Saarlouis to a Catholic family, and is a lawyer. Before his appointment to the federal cabinet he was active in state politics in Saarland, where he served as Minister of the Environment, Energy and Transport (1998\u20131999), Minister of Economy, Labor, Energy and Transport (2012\u20132013) and Deputy Minister-President (2012\u20132013).\n\n", "Q2026951": "Charles Gascoigne (1738\u20131806) was a British industrialist at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. He was a partner and manager of the Carron Company ironworks in its early years, but left in 1786, before the company's success became obvious, to reorganise the production of iron and cannon in Russia. He remained in Russia for 20 years, until his death.", "Q438001": "Ren\u00e9e Felice Smith (born January 16, 1985) is an American actress. She is known for portraying Nell Jones on NCIS: Los Angeles, since joining the series in 2010.", "Q852645": "Longview is the forty-fifth largest city in the state of Texas. The city is mostly located in Gregg County, of which it is the county seat; a small part of Longview extends into the western part of neighboring Harrison County. Longview is located in East Texas, where Interstate 20 and U.S. Highways 80 and 259 converge just north of the Sabine River. According to the 2010 U.S. census, the city had a population of 80,455. The estimated population in 2018 was 81,647. Longview is the principal city of the Longview metropolitan statistical area, comprising Gregg, Upshur, and Rusk counties. The population of the metropolitan area as of 2017 census estimates is 217,481.Longview was established in the 1870 and became a railroad route in East Texas; the city was also the first incorporated town in Gregg County. Today, Longview is considered a major hub city for the region, as is the nearby city of Tyler. In 2014, Forbes magazine ranked Longview as the sixth fastest-growing small city in the United States. Companies with significant presence in Longview are Eastman Chemical and Trinity Rail Group and AAON Coil Products AAON and Consolidated Electrical Distributors; communities stimulating the city and metro area are LeTourneau University, Kilgore College, and the University of Texas at Tyler's Longview University Center.", "Q471367": "The Old Czech Party (Czech: Staro\u010de\u0161i, officially National Party, N\u00e1rodn\u00ed strana) was formed in the Kingdom of Bohemia and Bohemian Crown Lands of Austrian Empire in Revolution Year of 1848. They initiated Czech national program, forming of modern national through Czech National Revival and better position of Bohemia within the Habsburg Monarchy.An important event in the history of the party were split of Young Czech wing of the party, in 1874 formed Young Czech Party led by Karel Sladkovsk\u00fd.", "Q117567": "Michelle Johnson (born September 9, 1965) is an American actress, perhaps best known for her role when she was 18 as Lolita-like teenager Jennifer Lyons in the 1984 romantic comedy film Blame It on Rio.", "Q704026": "Harry Truman Reasoner (April 17, 1923 \u2013 August 6, 1991) was an American journalist for CBS and ABC News, known for his inventive use of language as a television commentator, and as a founder of the long running 60 Minutes program.\nOver the course of his career, Reasoner won three Emmy Awards and a George Foster Peabody Award in 1967.", "Q116679": "Daniel Lucius Vasella (born 15 August 1953) is a Swiss medical doctor, author, and executive who served as CEO and chairman of the Swiss pharmaceutical company Novartis AG, the world's fifth largest drug company. During his tenure Novartis shares fell 10%, compared to the industry average. In February 2013 Vasella was awarded close to $78 million in a \"golden handshake\" In November 2014, Vasella was elected as a member of the board of directors at XBiotech, Inc, a biopharmaceutical company located in Austin, Texas, that focuses on the discovery and commercialization of a next generation of therapeutic antibodies which harness a human's natural immunity to fight disease. Vasella is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2004, Time magazine named him one of the world\u2019s 100 most influential people, and he was chosen as the Most Influential European Business Leader of the Last 25 Years by the readers of the Financial Times. He is a former member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group.", "Q167080": "Enrico Celio (19 June 1889 \u2013 23 February 1980) was a Swiss lawyer, politician and journalist, a member of the Conservative Party, State Councilor and Federal Councilor. He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 22 February 1940 and handed over office on 15 October 1950. He was affiliated to the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland.\nDuring his office time he held the Department of Posts and Railways and was President of the Confederation twice in 1943 and 1948.\n\n", "Q34436": "Scarlett Ingrid Johansson (; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress and singer. The world's highest-paid actress since 2018, she has made multiple appearances in the Forbes Celebrity 100. Her films have grossed over $14.3 billion worldwide, making Johansson the third-highest-grossing box office star of all time. She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including a Tony Award and a BAFTA Award, as well as nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards.\nBorn and raised in Manhattan, New York City, Johansson aspired to be an actress from a young age and first appeared on stage in an Off-Broadway play as a child. She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North (1994), and gained early recognition for her roles in Manny & Lo (1996), The Horse Whisperer (1998), and Ghost World (2001). Johansson shifted to adult roles in 2003 with her performances in Lost in Translation, which won her a BAFTA Award for Best Actress, and Girl with a Pearl Earring. She was nominated for Golden Globe Awards for these films, and for playing an estranged teenager in the drama A Love Song for Bobby Long (2004), and a seductress in the psychological thriller Match Point (2005). Other works during this period include The Prestige (2006) and Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008); and the albums Anywhere I Lay My Head (2008) and Break Up (2009), which both charted on the Billboard 200.\nIn 2010, Johansson debuted on Broadway in a revival of A View from the Bridge, which won her a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress, and began playing the role of Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe with Iron Man 2. Johansson went on to star in the science fiction films Her (2013), Under the Skin (2013), Lucy (2014), and Ghost in the Shell (2017). She received critical praise and nominations for two Academy Awards for playing a single mother in Nazi Germany in the satire Jojo Rabbit and an actress going through a divorce in the drama Marriage Story (both 2019). \nAs a public figure, Johansson is a prominent brand endorser and supports various charities. She has been described as a Hollywood sex symbol by various media outlets. She was married to Canadian actor Ryan Reynolds from 2008 to 2011, and to French businessman Romain Dauriac, with whom she has a child, from 2014 to 2017.", "Q272435": "Rosa Maria Sard\u00e0 i T\u00e0maro (Barcelona, 1941) is a Spanish actress and comedian.\nShe has played roles in both Spanish and Catalan. She was married to comedian Josep Maria Mainat (a member of the group La Trinca), and she's Xavier Sard\u00e0's elder sister. She started in the 1970s and has become one of the most important actresses of Spanish cinema and theatre.", "Q96097": "Svenja Pages (born August 3, 1966 in Rheydt, Germany) is a German television actress.\n\n", "Q9684": "The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as the NYT and NYTimes) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership. Founded in 1851, the paper has won 127 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper. The Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation and 3rd in the U.S. Nicknamed \"The Gray Lady,\" the Times has long been regarded within the industry as a national \"newspaper of record.\" The paper's motto, \"All the News That's Fit to Print,\" appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page.\nThe paper is owned by The New York Times Company, which is publicly traded and is controlled by the Sulzberger family through a dual-class share structure. It has been owned by the family since 1896; A.G. Sulzberger, the paper's publisher, and his father, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., the company's chairman, are the fourth and fifth generation of the family to head the paper.Since the mid-1970s, The New York Times has greatly expanded its layout and organization, adding special weekly sections on various topics supplementing the regular news, editorials, sports, and features. Since 2008, the Times has been organized into the following sections: News, Editorials/Opinions-Columns/Op-Ed, New York (metropolitan), Business, Sports of The Times, Arts, Science, Styles, Home, Travel, and other features.On Sunday, the Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review (formerly the Week in Review), The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T: The New York Times Style Magazine. The Times stayed with the broadsheet full-page set-up and an eight-column format for several years after most papers switched to six, and was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography, especially on the front page.", "Q330612": "Dragonheart (stylized as DragonHeart) is a 1996 British-American fantasy action-adventure film directed by Rob Cohen. It stars Dennis Quaid, David Thewlis, Pete Postlethwaite, Dina Meyer, and the voice of Sean Connery. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects and various other awards in 1996 and 1997. The film received mixed reviews but was a box office success.", "Q111670": "Kurt Gro\u00dfkurth (or Grosskurth; May 11, 1909 \u2013 May 29, 1975) was a German actor and singer.", "Q140359": "The First Czechoslovak Republic (Czech: Prvn\u00ed \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 republika, Slovak: Prv\u00e1 \u010desko-slovensk\u00e1 republika), often colloquially referred to as the First Republic (Czech: Prvn\u00ed Republika), was the first Czechoslovak state that existed from 1918 to 1938, dominated by ethnic Czechs and Slovaks, the country was commonly called Czechoslovakia (Czech and Slovak: \u010ceskoslovensko), a compound of Czech and Slovak; which gradually became the most widely used name for its successor states. It was composed of former territories of Austria-Hungary, inheriting different systems of administration from the formerly Austrian (Bohemia, Moravia, a small part of Silesia) and Hungarian territories (mostly Upper Hungary and Carpathian Ruthenia).\nAfter 1933, Czechoslovakia remained the only de facto functioning democracy in Central Europe, organized as a parliamentary republic. Under pressure from its Sudeten German minority, supported by neighbouring Nazi Germany, Czechoslovakia was forced to cede its Sudetenland region to Germany on 1 October 1938 as part of the Munich Agreement. It also ceded southern parts of Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia to Hungary and the Zaolzie region in Silesia to Poland. This, in effect, ended the First Czechoslovak Republic. It was replaced by the Second Czechoslovak Republic, which lasted less than half a year before Germany occupied the rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939.", "Q62116": "Johann Joseph Ignaz von D\u00f6llinger (German: [\u02c8\u026a\u0261na\u02d0ts f\u0254n \u02c8d\u0153l\u026a\u014b\u0250]; 28 February 1799 \u2013 14 January 1890), also Doellinger in English, was a German theologian, Catholic priest and church historian who rejected the dogma of papal infallibility. Among his writings which proved controversial, his criticism of the papacy antagonized ultramontanes, yet his reverence for tradition annoyed the liberals.\nHe is considered an important contributor to the doctrine, growth and development of the Old Catholic Church, though he himself never joined that denomination.\n\n", "Q65679": "Amden is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of See-Gaster, in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q311804": "Benjamin A. \"Ben\" Foster (born October 29, 1980) is an American actor. He has had roles in films including The Punisher (2004), X-Men: The Last Stand (2006), Alpha Dog (2006), The Messenger (2009), Pandorum (2009), The Mechanic (2011), Contraband (2012), Kill Your Darlings (2013), Lone Survivor (2013), The Program (2015), and Leave No Trace (2018). He was nominated for a Saturn Award and a Satellite Award for his role in 3:10 to Yuma (2007) and won an Independent Spirit Award for portraying Tanner Howard in Hell or High Water (2016).", "Q176833": "Benedetto Varchi (Italian pronunciation: [bene\u02c8detto \u02c8varki]; 1502/1503 \u2013 1565) was an Italian humanist, a historian and poet.", "Q357851": "Jacoby Dakota Shaddix (born July 28, 1976) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, rapper, TV presenter and actor. He is best known as being the founding member and the continuous lead singer of the California-based rock band Papa Roach since the band's formation in 1993.\nShaddix served as the host of the MTV show Scarred for the entirety of the show's cycle, presenting both seasons and all 20 episodes of the show, which spanned from April 10 to September 18, 2007. Shaddix would ultimately leave the show due to touring demands with Papa Roach. The name of the show was based on the Papa Roach song \"Scars\".\nShaddix is one of the co-owners of a rock-inspired clothing line with designer Jeff Henry called 'Lovers Are Lunatics', with the focus being described as \"to create a brand that represents the rock community and showcases their unique creative vision\".", "Q64567": "Buochs is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland.", "Q2602302": "Mishaal bin Abdulaziz al Saud (Arabic: \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e Misha`al bin `Abd al-`Az\u012bz as-Sa\u02bb\u016bd; 5 September 1926 \u2013 3 May 2017) was chairman of the Allegiance Council and a senior member of the House of Saud. He held different cabinet posts in the 1950s.", "Q117201": "Wallace Delois Wattles (; 1860\u20131911) was an American New Thought writer. He remains personally somewhat obscure, but his writing has been widely quoted and remains in print in the New Thought and self-help movements.\nWattles' best known work is a 1910 book called The Science of Getting Rich in which he explains how to become wealthy.", "Q255934": "Verna Felton (July 20, 1890 \u2013 December 14, 1966) was an American actress who was best known for providing many voices in numerous Disney animated films, as well as voicing Fred Flintstone's mother-in-law Pearl Slaghoople in Hanna-Barbera's The Flintstones (1962\u20131963).\nShe also had roles in live-action films; however, she was most active in radio programs. She was known for her husky voice and no-nonsense attitude. Two of her most famous roles were as Dennis Day's mother Mrs. Day on The Jack Benny Program (1939\u20131962) and as Hilda Crocker on the CBS sitcom December Bride (1952\u20131959).", "Q213961": "Marx Rumpolt was head cook to the Elector of Mainz, Daniel Brendel of Homburg. His cookbook, Ein new Kochbuch (lit. \"A New Cookbook\"), written in 1581, was the first textbook for professional chefs in training.\nBefore Rumpolt came to the court of the Elector of Mainz, he worked for several other European nobles and thus came to learn of the cuisines of different regions, such as Bohemia and Hungary. A year before the death of his master, the Elector of Mainz, Rumpolt wrote his cookbook, which consisted of 2,000 recipes and instructions for wine making and 150 woodcuts by Jost Amman.\nRumpolt's cookbook was, like all cookbooks for that period, intended for aristocratic kitchens' use only.", "Q844999": "The Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) is a public college in Manhattan, New York City. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) and focuses on art, business, design, mass communication, and technology connected to the fashion industry. It was founded in 1944.\n\n", "Q1425241": "Robert Frederick Froehlke (October 15, 1922 \u2013 February 12, 2016) was an American businessman, lawyer, and government official who served as Secretary of the Army from July 1971 until May 1973.", "Q241941": "The Score is a 2001 American crime comedy film directed by Frank Oz, and starring Robert De Niro, Edward Norton, Angela Bassett and Marlon Brando in his final film role. It was the only time that Brando and De Niro appeared onscreen together. The screenplay was based on a story by Daniel E. Taylor and Kario Salem.", "Q716344": "Karl Maka (born Mak Kar-sheung; 29 February 1944) is a Hong Kong film producer, director, actor and presenter.", "Q93689": "Love, Wedding, Marriage is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Dermot Mulroney and starring Mandy Moore, Kellan Lutz, James Brolin, Jane Seymour and Christopher Lloyd.", "Q942442": "Juli\u00e0 Guillamon is a Catalan writer and literary critic. He was born in Barcelona in 1962.\nGuillamon studied Catalan philology at the University of Barcelona. Since 1994, he has been publishing weekly reviews in the newspaper La Vanguardia. His essays have dealt with the image of Barcelona in literature from the period between the 1970s and the 1992 Summer Olympic Games. He has been the curator of several literary exhibitions. One of his projects, The literature of exile, was staged in Barcelona, Buenos Aires, Santiago de Chile, Mexico City and Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic. He won the 2002 Serra d'Or Critics' Award for essays and the 2006 Octavi Pellissa Award.", "Q1780651": "P\u00e5l Steigan (born 31 May 1949 in Oslo) is a Norwegian communist and former leader of the Maoist Workers' Communist Party, AKP (m-l), from 1975 to 1984, and jointly leader of the Red Electoral Alliance (RV) until 1979. He is a writer and editor.", "Q92597": "Larry Arnold Wall (born September 27, 1954) is an American computer programmer and author. He created the Perl programming language.\n\n", "Q782257": "Gaspard Manesse (born March 25, 1975) is a French actor, composer and musician. He is best known for his starring role as Julien Quentin in the film Au revoir, les enfants (1987). He acted in and composed the music for the film Comme il vient. Gaspard is a composer and musician - he tours throughout the heart of France playing the trumpet with a group called \"Surnatural Orchestra\" from the Ile-de-France.", "Q69043": "Capriasca is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nThe municipality was created in 2001 by a merger of Cagiallo, Lopagno, Roveredo, Sala Capriasca, Tesserete and Vaglio.", "Q66370": "Heinz Erhardt (20 February 1909 \u2013 5 June 1979) was a German comedian, musician, entertainer, actor, and poet.", "Q279206": "Michael John Muuss (October 16, 1958 \u2013 November 20, 2000) was the American author of the freeware network tool ping.\n\n", "Q990504": "Exeter is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 14,306 at the 2010 census and an estimated 15,317 in 2018. Exeter was the county seat until 1997, when county offices were moved to neighboring Brentwood. Home to the Phillips Exeter Academy, a private university-preparatory school, Exeter is situated where the Exeter River feeds the tidal Squamscott River.\nThe urban portion of the town, where 9,242 people resided at the 2010 census, is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the Exeter census-designated place.\nExeter is named after the historic city in Devon, England.", "Q82784": "Maria Malicka (9 May 1900 \u2013 30 September 1992) was a Polish stage and film actress. She appeared in ten films between 1927 and 1966.\n\n", "Q3327706": "Isaac D\u00edaz Pardo (August 22, 1920 \u2013 January 5, 2012) was a Galician intellectual strongly attached to both Sargadelos and Cer\u00e1mica do Castro.\nHe was an intellectual galicianist, painter, ceramist, designer, editor and businessman.\n\nHe was born in Santiago de Compostela and died in A Coru\u00f1a.In 2009, he received the Medalla de Oro al M\u00e9rito en las Bellas Artes (Gold Medal of Merit in Fine Arts) of Spain.\nIsaac D\u00edaz Pardo was the son of the painter and scenographer Camilo D\u00edaz Bali\u00f1o. Several reunions related to the League of Friends of the Galician Language took place in their house as D\u00edaz Bali\u00f1o was an active member. Other members who took part in these meetings include Castelao, Vicente Risco, Otero Pedrayo, Ram\u00f3n Cabanillas, Ant\u00f3n Villar Ponte, Eduardo Blanco Amor and Asorey.\nSr. D\u00edaz Pardo's father was shot by rebels soon after the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, forcing him into hiding in La Coru\u00f1a where he stayed with his uncle Indalecio and found work as a letterer. After the war he received a bursary from the Provincial Government of La Coru\u00f1a, thanks to which he was able to study at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando in Madrid, between 1939 and 1942.\nHe went on to take a professorship at The Catalan Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Saint George in Barcelona, and began to exhibit in Spain (La Coru\u00f1a, Madrid and Vigo) and abroad (Europe and The Americas).\nHe then left the plastic arts for ceramics, founding the Cer\u00e1micas do Castro factory with several partners. At this point he experimented with the raw materials used in original 19th Century works by Antonio Raimundo Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez Llano y Vald\u00e9s (notably from Sargadelos and Cervo). This resulted in ceramics of high quality.\nIn 1963 Isaac D\u00edaz Pardo, alongside other prominent Galeguistas such as Luis Seoane, helped establish the experimental porcelain factory \"Porcelanas de Magdalena\", also known as Laboratorio de Formas. The factory was located in the village of Magdalena, Buenos Aires. This pioneering-venture was a precursor in several industrial and cultural activities, including the production and restoration of Sargadelos ceramics. Among their collaborators were Cer\u00e1micas do Castro (1963), el Museo Carlos Maside (1970), la editorial Edici\u00f3s do Castro (1963), el restaurado Seminario de Estudos Galegos (1970) and el Instituto Galego de Informaci\u00f3n. Sr. D\u00edaz Pardo, formerly a prominent figure at Grupo Sargadelos, failed increasingly to see eye to eye with the directors and company administration at the moment of his retirement.\nAs an essay writer and critic, Sr. D\u00edaz Pardo made notable contributions to Xente do meu Rueiro, O \u00e1ngulo de pedra, Galicia Hoy (with Luis Seoane), Paco Pixi\u00f1as (with Celso Emilio Ferreiro), El Marqu\u00e9s de Sargadelos, and Castelao. Many more articles were published, for example in La Voz de Galicia.", "Q76163": "Bernard H\u00e4ring (10 November 1912 \u2013 3 July 1998) was a German Catholic moral theologian, and a Redemptorist priest.", "Q28779": "\u00cd\u00f1igo L\u00f3pez de Mendoza y de la Vega, 1st Marquess of Santillana (19 August 1398 \u2013 25 March 1458) was a Castilian politician and poet who held an important position in society and literature during the reign of John II of Castile.", "Q60715": "Walther Hewel (2 January 1904 \u2013 2 May 1945) was a German diplomat before and during World War II, an early and active member of the Nazi Party, and one of German dictator Adolf Hitler's personal friends.", "Q354394": "D. S. Mirsky is the English pen-name of Dmitry Petrovich Svyatopolk-Mirsky (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u043a-\u041c\u0438\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439), often known as Prince Mirsky (9 September [O.S. 22 August] 1890 \u2013 c. 7 June 1939), a Russian political and literary historian who promoted the knowledge and translations of Russian literature in Britain and of English literature in the Soviet Union. He was born in Kharkov Governorate and died in a Soviet gulag near Magadan.", "Q236505": "Lisa Miskovsky (born 9 March 1975, in Holmsund but a resident of Ume\u00e5) is a Swedish musician and singer-songwriter.", "Q1330417": "Vertigo Records is a record company, which originated in the United Kingdom. It was a subsidiary of the Philips/Phonogram record label, launched in 1969 to specialise in progressive rock and other non-mainstream musical styles. Today it is operated by Universal Music Germany, and the UK catalog was folded into Mercury Records, which was absorbed in 2013 by Virgin EMI Records.", "Q29473": "Pietro Antonio Domenico Trapassi, better known by his pseudonym of Pietro Metastasio (Italian pronunciation: [meta\u02c8sta\u02d0zjo]; 3 January 1698 \u2013 12 April 1782), was an Italian poet and librettist, considered the most important writer of opera seria libretti.\n\n", "Q1275639": "Garrison Starr (born Julia Garrison Starr on April 29, 1975) is a Grammy-nominated songwriter/producer. Her major label debut, \"18 Over Me\" was released in 1997 (Geffen). Starr's shows have been described as \"marrying pop smarts and Americana grit with a voice of remarkable power and clarity\". Since that initial record, Starr has released over a dozen EPs and LPs while landing numerous placements on shows and movies like Grey's Anatomy, Pretty Little Liars, Nashville, Hart of Dixie, Switched at Birth, Rookie Blue, Army Wives, and Brothers & Sisters, as well as commercial placements that include Pandora, Virgin Mobile, McDonald's, and Fisher Price.\nShe also had cuts with Greg Holden (WBR), American Idol winner Kris Allen and Royal Wood. In 2016, Starr produced and co-wrote Margaret Cho's record \"American Myth\" which garnered a Grammy nomination.\nIn 2017, Starr released What If There Is No Destination, led off by the single \"Put Your Weapon Down\", with the profits from this single going to the National Center for Victims Crimes for the victims of the Orlando tragedy.\nIn 2019, Starr provided original music for Margaret Cho's podcast, The Margaret Cho.", "Q1799314": "Andrew Robert Nielsen (born October 6, 1982), known professionally as MC Lars, is an American rapper, producer, cartoonist and podcaster. He is one of the self-proclaimed originators of \"lit-hop\" and was one of the first rappers to sample and reference post-punk, pop punk, and emo bands.He is the founder and CEO of the independent record label Horris Records. He is one of several people who claim to have coined the term iGeneration, which he is credited with doing in 2003.", "Q3166084": "Jean-Guy Paquet, (born January 5, 1938) is a Canadian scientist, businessman, and former rector of Universit\u00e9 Laval.\nBorn in Montmagny, Quebec, he received a Doctor of Electrical Engineering from Universit\u00e9 Laval in 1963. From 1967 to 1969, he was the head of the electrical engineering department at Universit\u00e9 Laval. From 1969 to 1972, he was a vice-rector of Universit\u00e9 Laval and he was rector from 1977 to 1987. He was the youngest-ever president of a Canadian university and the second engineer to become rector at Laval.\nAfter leaving Universit\u00e9 Laval, he became Executive Vice President of The Laurentian Mutual Insurance Company from 1987 to 1988 and was President from 1988 to 1994. Since 1994, he has been President and CEO of the National Optics Institute.", "Q191702": "Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e, Sem\u00ebn Konstantinovi\u010d Timo\u0161enko; Ukrainian: \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0301\u043d \u041a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e, Semen Kostiantynovych Tymoshenko) (18 February [O.S. 6 February] 1895 \u2013 31 March 1970) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union.", "Q706143": "David Frankfurter (9 July 1909 \u2013 19 July 1982) was a Croatian Jew. He is known for having assassinated Swiss branch leader of the German NSDAP Wilhelm Gustloff in February 1936 in Davos, Switzerland.", "Q103260": "Pope John III (Latin: Ioannes III; died 13 July 574), born Catelinus, was the bishop of Rome from 17 July 561 to his death.\n\n", "Q531743": "Gertrude Elizabeth, Lady Colin Campbell (n\u00e9e Blood; 3 May 1857 \u2013 1 November 1911) was an Irish-born journalist, author, playwright, and editor. She was married to Lord Colin Campbell, a brother-in-law of Princess Louise, Queen Victoria's fourth daughter.", "Q71618": "Sibylle Berg (born 2 June 1962 in Weimar, East Germany) is a German-Swiss author and playwright. She writes novels, essays, short fiction, plays, radio plays, and political columns.", "Q2822391": "The Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Rouen is a learned society created by letters patent of Louis XV on 17 June 1744.\nThe Academy of Rouen got its early start with a few friends with a common appreciation for botany who were in the habit of gathering in a small garden of the Bouvreuil suburb of Rouen, under the auspices of Fontenelle and Le Cornier de Cideville. The formal inception of the Academy of Rouen arose out of the officializing of those informal meetings into a learned society. The articles of the newly formed Academy were renewed and confirmed in Parliament on 10 February 1757. The first director was Tiphaigne La Roche, and its first benefactor was the abb\u00e9 Legendre.\nAs with all French academies, abolished by the Revolution, the Acad\u00e9mie de Rouen underwent a hiatus in 1793, until the prefect of Seine-Inf\u00e9rieure department, Count Beugnot and the mayor of Rouen, Pierre Nicolas de Fontenay, rechartered it in 1803. The Academy recovered its archives and records on 29 June 1803, but not its library or its garden. On 1 June 1804, new letters patent approved its new charter, which was later confirmed on 10 June 1828.\nA decree dated 12 April 1852 has granted the Acad\u00e9mie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Rouen public utility status.\nIn the absence of a university, the Acad\u00e9mie has played, until 1965, a key role in the development of the movement of ideas in Rouen.\nIts headquarters are now located at the H\u00f4tel des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s savantes de Rouen.", "Q343830": "Denver Sylvester Dickerson (January 24, 1872 \u2013 November 28, 1925) was an American politician. He was the 11th Governor of Nevada from 1908 to 1911. A member of the Silver \u2013 Democratic coalition party, he had previously held office as the 13th Lieutenant Governor of Nevada from 1907 to 1908. During his governorship, Dickerson worked to reform the state prison system.After leaving office, Dickerson became the Superintendent of Federal Prisons, predecessor to the present-day Federal Bureau of Prisons. He was the warden of Nevada State Prison until his death in 1925.", "Q66364": "Frank Schwalba-Hoth (born 12 December 1952 in Hamburg, Germany) is a former politician, founding member of the German Greens and former MEP. After his graduation from high school (Otto-Hahn-Gymnasium in Geesthacht) and his military service, Frank Schwalba-Hoth studied at the University of Marburg from 1974 to 1981. Frank Schwalba-Hoth has one daughter.", "Q143644": "Hiram Warren Johnson (September 2, 1866 \u2013 August 6, 1945) was initially a leading American progressive and then a Liberal Isolationist Republican politician from California. He served as the 23rd Governor of California from 1911 to 1917 and as a United States Senator from 1917 to 1945. He was also Theodore Roosevelt's running mate in the 1912 presidential election on the Progressive (also known as the \"Bull Moose\") ticket.\nAfter working as a stenographer and reporter, Johnson embarked on a legal career. He began his practice in his hometown of Sacramento, California, but moved to San Francisco, where he worked as an assistant district attorney. Gaining statewide notoriety for his prosecutions of public corruption, Johnson won the 1910 California gubernatorial election with the backing of the Lincoln\u2013Roosevelt League. He instituted several progressive reforms, establishing a railroad commission and introducing aspects of direct democracy such as the power to recall state officials. Johnson joined with Roosevelt and other progressives to form the Progressive Party and won the party's 1912 vice presidential nomination. In one of the best third party performances in U.S. history, the ticket finished second nationally in the popular and electoral vote.\nJohnson won election to the Senate in 1916, becoming a leader of the chamber's Progressive Republicans. But he emerged as an early voice for Liberal Progressive isolationism, opposing U.S. entry into World War I and U.S. participation in the League of Nations. As a postwar Liberal Republican, he helped enact the Immigration Act of 1924, which severely restricted immigration from East Asian countries. Johnson unsuccessfully sought the Republican presidential nomination in 1920 and 1924 and supported Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election. Johnson supported many of the New Deal programs but came to oppose Roosevelt as the latter's tenure continued. Johnson remained in the Senate until his death in 1945.\n\n", "Q154338": "Matthias Gr\u00fcnewald (c.\u20091470 \u2013 31 August 1528) was a German Renaissance painter of religious works who ignored Renaissance classicism to continue the style of late medieval Central European art into the 16th century. His first name is also given as Mathis and his surname as Gothart or Neithardt. Only ten paintings\u2014several consisting of many panels\u2014and thirty-five drawings survive, all religious, although many others were lost at sea in the Baltic on their way to Sweden as war booty. His reputation was obscured until the late nineteenth century, and many of his paintings were attributed to Albrecht D\u00fcrer, who is now seen as his stylistic antithesis. His largest and most famous work is the Isenheim Altarpiece created c 1512 to 1516.", "Q87830": "Karl Friedrich Abt (1743, in Stuttgart \u2013 20 November 1783, in Bremen) was an early German actor.\nAbt began acting in 1766, mostly in southern and south-west Germany. In Biberach, he abducted his wife Felicitas from a reputable family which refused to give her away. She was born in 1746 in Biberach, and gained a reputation as an excellent actress and as the first German actress which played the Hamlet.\nAbt ventured through Saxony and Thuringia, finally opening up a stage in Den Haag with the support of the Court and the high society on 16 October 1772 with the intention to introduce the young German theatre to the Netherlands. He greatly contributed to popularise the German dramatic literature there. On his stage, Abt played the first translations of Christian Felix Wei\u00dfe's Romeo and Juliet and Lessing's Emilia Galotti.\nAfter a stay in D\u00fcsseldorf, the historical recordings find Abt again in 1773, travelling in Leiden where he had built a transportable wooden theatre. With this stage he continued travelling to 's-Hertogenbosch, Utrecht, Kleve, Nijmegen and finally again to Den Haag where he was ruined by a local competitor. He travelled on to Haarlem where he finds support from the Friends of the Arts. In Amsterdam his performance was prohibited by the authorities. Abt visited several villages in North Holland, finally Diemer-Meer near Amsterdam where he became very popular.\nA severe illness in his family and the theatre company put an end to his luck and forced him to sell the theatre to private investors. Abt himself became artistic supervisor. In 1776 however also this company went bankrupt. He recruited a new troupe and settled in M\u00fcnster, visiting G\u00f6ttingen, Hanover, Bremen and other towns in the wider area. He lost the direction of the troupe in 1780, hired a new troupe in 1781 and continued travelling the area. Abt died in Bremen in 1783.", "Q111664": "Otto Bernhardt (born 13 February 1942 in Rendsburg) is a German politician of the CDU. Bernhardt had been a member of the Bundestag from 1998 until 2009.\n\n", "Q252097": "Diary of a Mad Black Woman is a 2005 romantic comedy-drama film written by and starring Tyler Perry, which was inspired by the play of the same name. It is Perry's debut feature film, and the first entry in the Tyler Perry film franchise. Directed by Darren Grant, the film was released in the US on February 25, 2005. It is the only Tyler Perry scripted film not directed by Tyler Perry. It was filmed almost entirely in Fairburn, Georgia.\nThe sequel, Madea's Family Reunion, was released on February 25, 2006.", "Q81299": "The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, promotion of human rights, freedom of the press, and fair elections. It employs around 3,460 people, mostly in its field operations but also in its secretariat in Vienna, Austria, and its institutions. It has its origins in the 1975 Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) held in Helsinki, Finland.\nThe OSCE is concerned with early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management, and post-conflict rehabilitation. Its 57 participating countries are located in Europe, northern and central Asia, and North America. The participating states cover much of the land area of the Northern Hemisphere. It was created during the Cold War era as an East\u2013West forum.", "Q504920": "Carl Dean Wilson (December 21, 1946 \u2013 February 6, 1998) was an American musician, singer, and songwriter who co-founded the Beach Boys. He is best remembered as their lead guitarist, as the youngest brother of bandmates Brian and Dennis Wilson, and as the group's de facto leader in the early 1970s. He was also the band's musical director on stage from 1965 until his death.\nInfluenced by the guitar playing of Chuck Berry and the Ventures, Wilson's initial role in the group was that of lead guitarist and backing vocals, but he performed lead vocals on several of their later hits, including \"God Only Knows\" (1966), \"Good Vibrations\" (1966), and \"Kokomo\" (1988). Unlike other members of the band, he often played alongside the studio musicians employed during the group's critical and commercial peak in the mid 1960s. After Brian's reduced involvement with the group, Carl produced the bulk of their albums between 20/20 (1969) and Holland (1973), where the production was nominally credited to \"the Beach Boys\". Concurrently, he spent several years challenging his draft status as a conscientious objector.\nDuring the 1980s, Wilson attempted to launch a solo career, releasing the albums Carl Wilson (1981) and Young Blood (1983). In the 1990s, he recorded material with Gerry Beckley and Robert Lamm, later released for the posthumous album Like a Brother (2000). He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Beach Boys in 1988. Wilson was also a member of the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness, a religious corporation. He died, aged 51, of lung cancer in 1998.", "Q202878": "Mary Jane \"Mae\" West (August 17, 1893 \u2013 November 22, 1980) was an American actress, singer, playwright, screenwriter, comedian, and sex symbol whose entertainment career spanned seven decades. She was known for her lighthearted, bawdy double entendres and breezy sexual independence. She was active in vaudeville and on the stage in New York City before moving to Hollywood to become a comedian, actress, and writer in the motion picture industry, as well as appearing on radio and television. The American Film Institute named her 15th among the greatest female stars of classic American cinema.\nWest often used a husky contralto voice and was one of the more controversial movie stars of her day; she encountered many problems, especially censorship. She once quipped, \"I believe in censorship. I made a fortune out of it.\" She bucked the system, making comedy out of conventional mores, and the Depression-era audience admired her for it. When her cinematic career ended, she wrote books and plays and continued to perform in Las Vegas and in the UK, on radio and television, and she recorded rock and roll albums.", "Q994776": "Brutalist architecture, or Brutalism, is a style of modernist architecture which emerged in the mid-20th century and gained popularity in the late 1950s. It is characterized by bold, minimalist constructions that showcase the bare building materials and structural elements of the design. The term was derived from the French phrase b\u00e9ton-brut (\"raw concrete\"), and typically favors elements such as exposed concrete slabs, geometric structures, massive forbidding walls, double-height ceilings, and a predominantly monochrome color palette. Brutalist designs privilege stripped-down structures and function over decorative elements.\n\nBrutalism descended from the modernist movement of the late 19th century and early 20th century. It emerged during the reconstruction projects of the post-war era, as Great Britain and countries in the Soviet Bloc began producing utilitarian, low-cost social housing influenced by modernist and socialist principles. The style was profoundly influenced by the work of French-Swiss architect Le Corbusier, and developed by architects such as Britain's Alison and Peter Smithson and Hungarian-born Ern\u0151 Goldfinger. Brutalism soon spread to other regions across the world, including Asia and the North America. It became been most commonly used in the design of institutional buildings, such as libraries, courts, public housing and city halls. The popularity of the movement began to decline in the late 1970s, with some associating the style with urban decay and totalitarianism.Brutalism's stark, geometric designs have historically been polarising; specific buildings, as well as the movement as a whole, have drawn a range of criticism (often being described as \"cold\" or \"soulless\") as well as support from architects and local communities (with many brutalist buildings having become cultural icons, sometimes buildings obtaining listed status). In recent decades, the movement has become a subject of renewed interest.\n\n", "Q275428": "Mary Philips (January 23, 1901 \u2013 April 22, 1975) was an American stage and film actress.", "Q3152321": "The Institut industriel du Nord (IDN) was the engineering school and research institute at \u00c9cole Centrale de Lille from 1872 to 1991, within the campus of the Lille University of Science and Technology (France).", "Q1077082": "Chris Carter (born 28 January 1953) is an English musician, best known for being a synthesist and member of Throbbing Gristle and the duo Chris & Cosey, both with his longtime partner Cosey Fanni Tutti.", "Q118126": "Walter Wobmann (born 21 November 1957 in Entlebuch) is a Swiss politician of the Swiss People's Party.\n\n", "Q273059": "Cascais (Portuguese pronunciation: [k\u0250\u0283\u02c8kaj\u0283] (listen)) is a municipality in the Lisbon District of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera. The population in 2011 was 206,479, in an area of 97.40 km2. Cascais is an important tourist destination. Its marina hosts events such as the America's Cup and the town of Estoril, part of the Cascais municipality, hosts conferences such as the Horasis Global Meeting.\nCascais's history as a popular seaside resort originated in the 1870s, when King Lu\u00eds I of Portugal and the Portuguese royal family made the seaside town their residence every September, thus also attracting members of the Portuguese nobility, who established a summer community there. Cascais is known for the many members of royalty who have lived there, including King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, King Juan Carlos I of Spain, and King Umberto II of Italy. Exiled Cuban president Fulgencio Batista was also once a resident of the municipality. While it was the Casino Estoril that inspired Ian Fleming's first James Bond novel Casino Royale.The municipality is one of the wealthiest in both Portugal and the Iberian Peninsula. It has one of the most expensive real estate markets and one of the highest costs of living in the country and is consistently ranked highly for its quality of life.", "Q1047141": "Charles Henry \"Casey\" Anderson (October 5, 1934 \u2013 November 11, 1989) was an American blues and folk singer, songwriter and guitarist. From 1959 to 1976, he recorded ten albums and some fifteen singles on various labels, most notably Elektra and Atco.\n\n", "Q842324": "Indie pop (also typeset as indie-pop, alternative pop or indiepop) is a music genre and subculture that combines guitar pop with DIY ethic in opposition to the style and tone of mainstream pop music. It originated from British post-punk in the late 1970s and subsequently generated a thriving fanzine, label, and club and gig circuit. Compared to its counterpart, indie rock, the genre is more melodic, less abrasive, and relatively angst-free. In later years, the definition of indie pop has bifurcated to also mean bands from unrelated DIY scenes/movements with pop leanings. Subgenres include chamber pop and twee pop.\n\n", "Q264525": "Dolly Davis (30 October 1896 \u2013 3 November 1962) was a French film actress.\nBorn Julienne Alexandrine David in Paris, Davis died in Neuilly-sur-Seine.", "Q107006": "Claude Jos\u00e9phine Rose \"Claudia\" Cardinale (born 15 April 1938) is an Italian Tunisian film actress who starred in some of the most acclaimed European films of the 1960s and 1970s, mainly Italian or French, but also in many English-language films.\nBorn and raised in La Goulette, a neighbourhood of Tunis, Cardinale won the \"Most Beautiful Italian Girl in Tunisia\" competition in 1957, the prize being a trip to Italy, which quickly led to film contracts, due above all to the involvement of Franco Cristaldi, who acted as her mentor for a number of years and later married her. After making her debut in a minor role with Omar Sharif in Goha (1958), Cardinale became one of the best-known actresses in Italy after roles in films such as Rocco and His Brothers (1960), Girl with a Suitcase (1961), Cartouche (1962),The Leopard (1963), and Fellini's 8\u00bd (1963). From 1963, Cardinale became known in the United States and Britain following her role in The Pink Panther opposite David Niven. For several years, she appeared in Hollywood films such as Blindfold (1965), Lost Command (1966), The Professionals (1966), The Hell with Heroes (1968), and the Sergio Leone epic Western Once Upon a Time in the West (1968), a joint US-Italian production, in which she was praised for her role as a former prostitute opposite Jason Robards, Charles Bronson, and Henry Fonda.\nJaded with the Hollywood film industry and not wanting to become a clich\u00e9, Cardinale returned to Italian and French cinema, and garnered the David di Donatello for Best Actress award for her roles in Il giorno della civetta (1968) and as a prostitute alongside Alberto Sordi in A Girl in Australia (1971). In 1974, Cardinale met director Pasquale Squitieri, who would become her partner, and she frequently featured in his films, including I guappi (1974), Corleone (1978) and Claretta (1984), the last of which won her the Nastro d'Argento Award for Best Actress. In 1982, she starred in Werner Herzog's Fitzcarraldo as the love interest of Klaus Kinski, who raises the funds to buy a steamship in Peru. In 2010, Cardinale received the Best Actress Award at the 47th Antalya \"Golden Orange\" International Film Festival for her performance as an elderly Italian woman who takes in a young Turkish exchange student in Signora Enrica.\nOutspoken on women's rights causes over the years, Cardinale has been a UNESCO goodwill ambassador for the Defense of Women's Rights since March 2000. In February 2011, the Los Angeles Times Magazine named Cardinale among the 50 most beautiful women in film history.", "Q25249": "Kelzang Gyatso (Wylie: bskal bzang rgya mtsho) (1708\u20131757), also spelled Kalzang Gyatso, Kelsang Gyatso and Kezang Gyatso, was the 7th Dalai Lama of Tibet.", "Q430449": "Gmunden ([\u02c8\u0261m\u028and\u0259n] (listen)) is a town in Upper Austria, Austria in the district of Gmunden. It has 13,204 inhabitants (estimates 2016 ). It is much frequented as a health and summer resort, and has a variety of lake, brine, vegetable and pine-cone baths, a hydropathic establishment, inhalation chambers, whey cure, etc. It is also an important centre of the salt industry in Salzkammergut.", "Q108453": "Bernhard Sch\u00e4tzle (born 24 July 1954 in Freiburg im Breisgau) is a German politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union and member of the Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg state parliament since 2006.\nSch\u00e4tlze founded his vineyard in 1977 out of a small farm. This farm has belonged to his family for more than seven generations. He is married and has four children.\n\n", "Q554871": "Alexander Nikolayevich Lodygin, known after immigration to US as Alexandre de Lodyguine (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u043e\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0438\u043d; 18 October 1847 \u2013 16 March 1923) was a Russian electrical engineer and inventor, one of inventors of the incandescent light bulb.\nAlexander Nikolayevich Lodygin was born in Stenshino village, Tambov Governorate, Russian Empire. His parents were of a very old and noble family (descendants of Andrei Kobyla like Romanovs), but of very moderate means. He studied at the Tambov Cadet School (1859\u20131865). Then he served in the 71st Belev regiment, and in 1866\u20131868 studied at the Moscow Infantry School. Soon after graduation from his military school he retired from the military and worked as a worker at the Tula weapons factory.", "Q107760": "Hans Hildenbrand (1870\u20131957) was a German photographer who was famous for taking color photographs during World War I. His French counterpart is considered Jules Gervais-Courtellemont. Hildenbrand was a photographer for National Geographic after the war.\n\n", "Q959076": "Dennis Hardy Frederiksen (May 15, 1951 \u2013 January 18, 2014) was an American rock singer best known as the former lead singer of Trillion, Angel, LeRoux and Toto, as well as providing backing vocals for Survivor. He was occasionally credited as Fergie Frederiksen or just Fergie. He contributed to hit singles in three consecutive years, all with different bands: Survivor's \"American Heartbeat\" in 1982, LeRoux's \"Carrie's Gone\" in 1983 and Toto's \"Stranger in Town\" in 1984.", "Q126976": "Kathryn M. Drennan is an American writer, having worked for Carl Sagan on the mini-series Cosmos: A Personal Voyage in the early 1980s and for Michael Piller, producer at the time for Star Trek: The Next Generation, in the early 1990s. She also contributed articles to several magazines, including Starlog and Twilight Zone Magazine. She was married to J. Michael Straczynski, creator of Babylon 5, and wrote articles about Rod Serling's Night Gallery for Twilight Zone Magazine together with him. She wrote one script during Babylon 5's first season, \"By Any Means Necessary\" as well as the prose Babylon 5 novel, To Dream in the City of Sorrows. She also wrote scripts for two other shows Straczynski worked on, She-Ra: Princess of Power and The Real Ghostbusters.", "Q3817765": "Antoni Garrell i Guiu (l'Espluga de Francol\u00ed, Spain, 1953) is a Spanish industrial engineer, and a specialist in innovation management and in the knowledge economy. He was founder of Cercle per al Coneixement (The Circle for the Knowledge Foundation) and promoter of Fundaci\u00f3 Indicis, (Signs Foundation) which focuses on sustainability issues and climate. Since 1998, Antoni Garrell has been the director of the Foundation for Textile Design, which holds the Escola Superior de Disseny ESDi (The School of Design ESDi) from Sabadell (Barcelona).", "Q73769": "Kati Kov\u00e1cs (born 25 October 1944), is a Ferenc Liszt and Kossuth Award-winning Hungarian pop-rock singer, performer, lyricist and actress.\nProbably the most famous singer of Hungary, with dozens of recorded albums, awards and presentations indoor/abroad, international recognition and a very active career until today.\nKovacs is known for her raspy and very strong mezzo-soprano singing voice which received wide praise from Hungarian music critics who have called her: \"The Best Female Voice of Hungary\". She can sing opera, rock, jazz, pop, dance, blues and rock and roll.", "Q274050": "China Shavers (born June 16, 1977) is an American actress best known for her supporting roles as Brooke Harper on the high school drama Boston Public and as Dreama on the supernatural sitcom Sabrina, the Teenage Witch.", "Q704032": "Lam Tai-fai, SBS, BBS, JP (Chinese: \u6797\u5927\u8f1d) is a Hong Kong politician. He serves as Chairman of the Council of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Chairman of the Hong Kong Sports Institute (HKSI). He was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong for the Industrial Functional Constituency from 2008 to 2016. In 2008 he began service as a committee member on the 11th, 12th and 13th National Committees of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and as a standing member of the 11th and in 2009 joined 12th Henan Provincial Committees of the Chinese People\u2019s Political Consultative Conference.", "Q43872": "J\u00e9r\u00f4me Ferrari is a French writer and translator born in 1968 in Paris. He won the 2012 Prix Goncourt for his novel Le Sermon sur la chute de Rome (\"The Sermon on the Fall of Rome\").\nFerrari has lived in Corsica and taught philosophy at the lyc\u00e9e international Alexandre-Dumas in Algiers for several years, then at the Lyc\u00e9e Fesch of Ajaccio.\nCurrently, he is professor of philosophy at the French School of Abu Dhabi.\nSeveral of his novels have been translated into English, including Where I Left My Soul (2012), which is \"set in the mid-1950s during the Algerian war, looking backwards to the second world war and the French defeat in Indochina, and forwards to the collapse in 1958 of the Fourth Republic.\" Most recently, his novel The Principle was published in English translation by Europa Editions.", "Q86290": "Franz Schuselka (15 August 1811, in Budweis \u2013 1 September 1886, in Gainfarn) was a politician of the Austrian Empire.", "Q72477": "Ferdinand von Miller (18 October 1813 \u2013 11 February 1887) was a German artisan who is noted for his furtherance of bronze founding.", "Q167094": "Michael Billington (24 December 1941 \u2013 3 June 2005) was a British film and television actor. He was born in Blackburn, Lancashire, England.", "Q234474": "Denise Michelle Crosby (; born November 24, 1957) is an American actress and model, best known for portraying Security Chief Tasha Yar mainly in season one of Star Trek: The Next Generation as well as Yar's daughter, the half-Romulan Commander Sela, in subsequent seasons. She is also known for her numerous film and television roles, and for starring in and producing the film Trekkies.", "Q9690": "Fatigue is a subjective feeling of tiredness. It may be sudden or gradual in onset. It is a normal phenomenon if it follows prolonged physical or mental activity, and resolves completely with rest. It may be a symptom of one of many medical conditions if it prolonged, severe, progressive, or occurs without provocation.\nPhysical fatigue is the transient inability of muscles to maintain optimal physical performance, and is made more severe by intense physical exercise. Mental fatigue is a transient decrease in maximal cognitive performance resulting from prolonged periods of cognitive activity. Mental fatigue can manifest as somnolence, lethargy, or directed attention fatigue.Fatigue and 'feelings of fatigue' are sometimes confused. Unlike weakness, fatigue usually can be alleviated by periods of rest.", "Q24631": "George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, (28 January 1784 \u2013 14 December 1860), styled Lord Haddo from 1791 to 1801, was a British statesman, diplomat and Scottish landowner, successively a Tory, Conservative and Peelite politician and specialist in foreign affairs. He served as Prime Minister from 1852 until 1855 in a coalition between the Whigs and Peelites, with Radical and Irish support. The Aberdeen ministry was filled with powerful and talented politicians, whom Aberdeen was largely unable to control and direct. Despite his trying to avoid this happening, it took Britain into the Crimean War, and fell when its conduct became unpopular, after which Aberdeen retired from politics.\nBorn into a wealthy family with largest estates in Scotland, his personal life was marked by the loss of both parents by the time he was eleven, and of his first wife after only seven years of a happy marriage. His daughters died young, and his relations with his sons were difficult. He travelled extensively in Europe, including Greece, and he had a serious interest in the classical civilisations and their archaeology. His Scottish estates having been neglected by his father, he devoted himself (when he came of age) to modernising them according to the latest standards.\nAfter 1812 he became a diplomat, and in 1813, at age 29, was given the critically important embassy to Vienna, where he organized and financed the sixth and final coalition that defeated Napoleon. His rise in politics was equally rapid and lucky, and \"two accidents \u2014 Canning's death and Wellington's impulsive acceptance of the Canningite resignations\" led to his becoming Foreign Secretary for Prime Minister Wellington in 1828 despite \"an almost ludicrous lack of official experience\"; he had been a minister for less than six months. After holding the position for two years, followed by another cabinet role, by 1841 his experience led to his appointment as Foreign Secretary again under Robert Peel for a longer term. His diplomatic successes include organizing the coalition against Napoleon In 1812\u201314, normalizing relations with post-Napoleonic France, settling the old border dispute between Canada and the United States, and ending the First Opium War with China in 1842, whereby Hong Kong was obtained. Aberdeen was a poor speaker, but this scarcely mattered in the House of Lords. He exhibited a \"dour, awkward, occasionally sarcastic exterior\". His friend William Ewart Gladstone, said of him that he was \"the man in public life of all others whom I have loved. I say emphatically loved. I have loved others, but never like him\".", "Q62664": "Robert von Mohl (17 August 1799 \u2013 4 November 1875) was a German jurist. Father of diplomat Ottmar von Mohl and salonni\u00e8re Anna von Helmholtz. Brother of Hugo von Mohl, Moritz Mohl and Julius von Mohl.\nFrom 1824 to 1845 he was professor of political sciences at the University of T\u00fcbingen, losing his position because of some frank criticisms which brought him under the displeasure of the authorities of W\u00fcrttemberg.\nIn 1847 he was a member of the parliament of W\u00fcrttemberg, and in the same year he was appointed professor of law at Heidelberg; in 1848 he was a member of the German Parliament which met at Frankfurt and for a few months he was minister of justice. He was also a member of parliament in the Reichstag. From 1827 to 1846, he was a professor of Staatswissenschaften (political science and political economics) of the University of T\u00fcbingen. Robert von Mohl was one of the first to coin the term of a Rechtsstaat, or constitutional state, as opposed to the \"anti-aristocratic\" police state and the judicially activist \"justice state\".His later public life was passed in the service of the Friedrich I, Grand Duke of Baden, whom he represented as ambassador in Munich from 1867 to 1871.\nThrough Kato Hiroyuki and other Japanese thinkers and statesmen, his works influenced the Japanese state philosophy after the Meiji Restoration.\n\n", "Q27338": "The People Under the Stairs is a 1991 American horror comedy film written and directed by Wes Craven and starring Brandon Adams, Everett McGill, Wendy Robie, A. J. Langer, Ving Rhames, and Sean Whalen. The plot follows a young boy and two adult robbers who become trapped in a house belonging to a strange couple after breaking in to steal their collection of rare coins.\nCraven has stated that The People Under the Stairs was partially inspired by a news story from the late 1970s, in which two burglars broke into a Los Angeles household, inadvertently causing the police to discover two children who had been locked away by their parents. The film was a surprise commercial success and has received generally mixed to positive reviews from critics and audiences, and has been analyzed for its satirical depiction of gentrification, class warfare, and capitalism.", "Q614553": "Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Cabruja Lofiego (July 17, 1937 \u2013 October 21, 1995 in Porlamar, Margarita Island) was a Venezuelan playwright, theater director, chronicler, soap opera writer, drama librettist, screenplay writer, radio moderator, humanist and political campaigns designer. He is considered one of the founders and innovators of the modern telenovela genre in Latin America, and is called the \"Maestro de las Telenovelas.\"", "Q69731": "Georg Sabinus or Georg Schuler (23 April 1508 \u2013 2 December 1560) was a German poet, diplomat and academic.\nSabinus was born at Brandenburg an der Havel. He served as Professor of Poetry and Eloquence and first-ever rector of the Albertina (later the University of K\u00f6nigsberg). He died, aged 52, in Frankfurt (Oder).", "Q506689": "Carlos Ant\u00f3nio Castro (5 October 1945 \u2013 7 January 2011) was a Portuguese television personality and journalist who, for over 35 years, covered mainly gossip items about musicians, actors, and celebrities. He became well known after he came out on television and participated in Big Show SIC, presented by Jo\u00e3o Bai\u00e3o, in the 1990s. \nOn 7 January 2011 he was found castrated and bludgeoned to death in a New York City hotel. The main suspect in his death was his boyfriend, 21-year-old male model Renato Seabra, who had been a contestant on the Portuguese television modeling-themed reality show \u00c0 Procura do Sonho (PT) (SIC). On 10 January 2011 Renato Seabra was charged with second-degree murder by the New York City Police Department (NYPD) after confessing to the killing of Castro. He was sentenced to 25 years to life on 21 December 2012.\n\n", "Q689302": "Bohum\u00edr \u0160meral (25 October 1880 in T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010d, Margraviate of Moravia \u2013 8 May 1941 in Moscow) was a Czech politician, leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party, and one of founders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.", "Q870396": "Roger Boyes (born 7 August 1952 in Hereford, England) is a British journalist and author. He is the diplomatic editor for the London Times newspaper. He also has a column in the German newspaper Der Tagesspiegel entitled 'My Berlin'.\nBoyes entered journalism as a Reuters correspondent in Moscow (1976\u20131977), joining the Financial Times as an Eastern Europe specialist in 1978 and was the Bonn correspondent of the FT from 1979 to 1981. He then switched to The Times and became the newspaper's Eastern Europe correspondent based in Warsaw where he covered the Solidarity revolution and the imposition of martial law. Since then, he has been posted to Rome as a Southern Europe correspondent (1987\u201389), Bonn and Berlin correspondent 1993- 2010.", "Q2958429": "Charles Aubert de La Chesnaye (12 February 1632 - 20 September 1702) was a French businessman active in Canada. The richest financier and businessman in New France, he played an important part in the colony's economic life (such as its trade, finance, fur trade, fishing and agriculture), owned several seigneuries and was a member of the Sovereign Council of New France. In 1682 he founded the (largely unsuccessful) Compagnie du Nord to compete with the Hudson's Bay Company. He has been called \"the principal businessman and the greatest landowner of the colony\". Several places in the Quebec province and Quebec City are named after him and in 1971 he was made one of Canada's Persons of National Historic Significance. His descendants include the writer Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gasp\u00e9.", "Q66402": "Gustav Simon (2 August 1900, Saarbr\u00fccken \u2013 18 December 1945, Paderborn) was, as the Nazi Gauleiter in the Moselland Gau from 1940 until 1944, the Chief of the Civil Administration in Luxembourg, which was occupied at that time by Nazi Germany.", "Q277559": "Viktor Petrovich Makeyev (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432; October 25, 1924 \u2013 October 25, 1985) was the founder of the Soviet-Russian school of sea missiles production.", "Q191064": "Liv Johanne Ullmann (born 16 December 1938) is a Norwegian actress and film director. She was one of the \"muses\" of Swedish director Ingmar Bergman.Ullmann won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Drama in 1972 for the film The Emigrants (1971), and has been nominated for another four. In 2000, she was nominated for the Palme d'Or for her second directorial feature film, Faithless. She has also received two BAFTA Award nominations for her performances in Scenes from a Marriage (1973) and Face to Face (1976), and two Academy Award nominations for The Emigrants and Face to Face.", "Q239150": "Leslie Ann Hope (born May 6, 1965) is a Canadian actress and director, best known for her role as Teri Bauer on the Fox television series 24.", "Q85941": "Kris Menace (born Christoph Hoeffel) is an electronic musician and music producer.", "Q29315": "Marina Weisband (born 4 October 1987 in Kiev) is a German politician. From May 2011 until April 2012 she was Politische Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrerin (\"Political Director\") of the Pirate Party Germany.", "Q447831": "Andrey Tasev Lyapchev (Tarpov) (Bulgarian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0422\u0430\u0441\u0435\u0432 \u041b\u044f\u043f\u0447\u0435\u0432 (T\u044a\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0432)) (30 November 1866 \u2013 6 November 1933) was a Bulgarian Prime Minister in three consecutive governments.", "Q1016326": "Burjor Khurshedji Karanjia (21 December 1919 \u2013 25 June 2012), commonly known as B. K. Karanjia, was an Indian film journalist and editor. He was the editor of Filmfare for 18 years, followed by Screen which he edited for 10 years. He also remained the chairman of the National Film Development Corporation of India (NFDC).", "Q235742": "The Raven is a 2012 American psychological crime thriller film directed by James McTeigue, produced by Marc D. Evans, Trevor Macy and Aaron Ryder and written by Ben Livingston and Hannah Shakespeare. It stars John Cusack, Alice Eve, Brendan Gleeson and Luke Evans.\nSet in 1849, it is a fictionalized account of the last days of Edgar Allan Poe's life, in which the poet and author pursues a serial killer whose murders mirror those in Poe's stories. While the plot of the film is fictional, the writers based it on some accounts of real situations surrounding Edgar Allan Poe's mysterious death. Poe is said to have repeatedly called out the name \"Reynolds\" on the night before his death, though it is unclear to whom he was referring. The title derives from Poe's poem \"The Raven\", in the similar manner of the earlier unrelated 1935 and 1963 films.\nIt was released in Canada, Ireland, and the United Kingdom on March 9, 2012 and in the United States on April 27, 2012. The film garnered mostly negative reviews, with the visual effects and score by Lucas Vidal praised, but the performances and plot twists criticized.", "Q179282": "Steven Weinberg (; born May 3, 1933) is an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his contributions with Abdus Salam and Sheldon Glashow to the unification of the weak force and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles.\nHe holds the Josey Regental Chair in Science at the University of Texas at Austin, where he is a member of the Physics and Astronomy Departments. His research on elementary particles and physical cosmology has been honored with numerous prizes and awards, including in 1979 the Nobel Prize in Physics and in 1991 the National Medal of Science. In 2004 he received the Benjamin Franklin Medal of the American Philosophical Society, with a citation that said he is \"considered by many to be the preeminent theoretical physicist alive in the world today.\" He has been elected to the US National Academy of Sciences and Britain's Royal Society, as well as to the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.\nWeinberg's articles on various subjects occasionally appear in The New York Review of Books and other periodicals. He has served as consultant at the U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, President of the Philosophical Society of Texas, and member of the Board of Editors of Daedalus magazine, the Council of Scholars of the Library of Congress, the JASON group of defense consultants, and many other boards and committees.", "Q823080": "No wave was a short-lived avant-garde music and art scene that emerged in the late 1970s in downtown New York City. Reacting against punk rock's recycling of rock and roll clich\u00e9s, no wave musicians instead experimented with noise, dissonance and atonality in addition to a variety of non-rock genres, while often reflecting an abrasive, confrontational, and nihilistic worldview.The term \"no wave\" was a pun based on the rejection of commercial new wave music. The movement would last a relatively short time but profoundly influenced the development of independent film, fashion and visual art.", "Q62894": "Charles William Bachman III (December 11, 1924 \u2013 July 13, 2017) was an American computer scientist, who spent his entire career as an industrial researcher, developer, and manager rather than in academia. He was particularly known for his work in the early development of database management systems.\nHis techniques of layered architecture include his namesake Bachman diagrams.\n\n", "Q3294282": "Mark Edward Whitacre (born May 1, 1957) is an American business executive who came to public attention in 1995 when, as president of the Decatur, Illinois-based BioProducts Division at Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), he became the highest-level corporate executive in U.S. history to become a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) whistleblower. For three years (1992\u201395), Whitacre acted as a cooperating witness for the FBI, which was investigating ADM for price fixing. In the late 1990s Whitacre was sentenced to 9 years in federal prison for embezzling $9.5 million from ADM at the same time he was assisting the federal price-fixing investigation. ADM investigated Whitacre's activities and, upon discovering suspicious activity, requested the FBI investigate Whitacre for embezzlement. As a result of $9.5 million in various frauds, Whitacre lost his whistleblower's immunity, and consequently spent eight and a half years in federal prison. He was released in December 2006. Whitacre is currently the chief science officer and President of Operations at Cypress Systems, a California biotechnology firm.", "Q983544": "Ishmael Scott Reed (born February 22, 1938) is an American poet, novelist, essayist, songwriter, playwright, editor and publisher, who is known for his satirical works challenging American political culture. Perhaps his best known work is Mumbo Jumbo (1972), a sprawling and unorthodox novel set in 1920s New York that has been ranked among the 500 most important books in the Western canon.Reed's work has often sought to represent neglected African and African-American perspectives; his energy and advocacy have centered more broadly on neglected peoples and perspectives, irrespective of their cultural origins.", "Q607261": "Adolfo Castelo (August 29, 1935 \u2013 November 23, 2004) was a journalist and television host in Argentina.\nCastelo was born in Buenos Aires, and started working in graphic journalism. He was the creator of several publications, including the political journalism magazine TXT, which he edited until his death.\nHe also participated in memorable television shows in Argentina, such as Semanario Ins\u00f3lito and La noticia rebelde, and the radio programme El ventilador during the 1990s with Jorge Guinzburg and Carlos Ulanovsky; and Turno tarde; and Mir\u00e1 lo que te digo since 2001. He also took part in Jorge Lanata's show D\u00eda D.\nAdolfo Castelo was one of the pioneers in Argentine television to mix informative journalism with humour, together with colleagues Ra\u00fal Becerra, Jorge Guinzburg and Carlos Abrevaya.\nCastelo was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2003, upon returning from a trip to Galicia (Spain), birthplace of his parents. In October 2004 he was declared an honorary citizen of Buenos Aires, shortly before his death.", "Q361461": "Douglas Wilmer (8 January 1920 \u2013 31 March 2016) was an English actor, best known for playing Sherlock Holmes in the 1965 TV series Sherlock Holmes.", "Q936499": "Henry Maudslay (pronunciation and spelling) (22 August 1771 \u2013 14 February 1831) was an English machine tool innovator, tool and die maker, and inventor. He is considered a founding father of machine tool technology. His inventions were an important foundation for the Industrial Revolution. \nMaudslay's invention of a metal lathe to cut metal, circa 1800, enabled the manufacture of standard screw thread sizes. Standard screw thread sizes allowed interchangeable parts and the development of mass production.", "Q1566344": "John M. \"Jack\" Keane (born February 1, 1943) is a retired American four-star general, former Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army and Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient. He is a noted national security analyst, primarily on Fox News, and serves as chairman of the Institute for the Study of War and as chairman of AM General.\n\n", "Q714209": "Marcel Moyse (pron. moh-EEZ; May 17, 1889 in St. Amour, France \u2013 November 1, 1984 in Brattleboro, Vermont, United States) was a French flautist. Moyse studied at the Paris Conservatory and was a student of Philippe Gaubert, Adolphe Hennebains, and Paul Taffanel; all of whom were flute virtuosos in their time. Moyse played principal flute in various Paris orchestras and appeared widely as a soloist and made many recordings. His trademark tone was clear, flexible, penetrating, and controlled by a fast vibrato. This was a characteristic of the \u2018French style\u2019 of flute playing that was to influence the modern standard for flutists worldwide.Moyse taught on the faculty of the Conservatoire de musique du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, and was a founder of the Marlboro Music School and festival in Vermont. Moyse strove to teach his students \"not how to play the flute, but to make music\". Among his students were James Galway, Paula Robison, Trevor Wye, William Bennett, Carol Wincenc, Bernard Goldberg, Robert Aitken, September Payne and Julia Bogorad. Moyse authored many flute studies, including De la Sonorite and Tone Development Through Interpretation, published by McGinnis & Marx.", "Q272409": "Sabrina Ferilli (born 28 June 1964 in Rome, Italy) is an Italian theater and movie actress. She has won five Nastro d'Argento (including a special award in 2016 for civil engagement for her performance in Me, Myself and Her), a Globo d'oro, four Ciak d'oros and received four nominations for David di Donatello. In 2013, she appeared in the cast of the Oscar-winning film La grande bellezza directed by Paolo Sorrentino.", "Q109765": "Erich Barke (born 28 December 1946) is a German emeritus professor of microelectronics. From 2005 to 2014, he was president of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover. Until December 2014, he was also president of the Nieders\u00e4chsische Technische Hochschule (NTH).", "Q539451": "Daisy Fellowes (n\u00e9e Marguerite S\u00e9verine Philippine Decazes de Gl\u00fccksberg; 29 April 1890, in Paris \u2013 13 December 1962, in Paris) was a prominent French socialite, acclaimed beauty, minor novelist and poet, Paris editor of American Harper's Bazaar, fashion icon, and an heiress to the Singer sewing machine fortune.", "Q102630": "Friedrich Wilhelm Bauschulte (17 March 1923 \u2013 28 May 2003) was a German actor and voice-over speaker.\nIn 1942, Bauschulte studied at the drama academy of the Deutsches Theater in Berlin. After engagements in M\u00fcnster, Bremen and Wuppertal, in 1963 he received a permanent position with the Staatliche Schauspielb\u00fchnen Berlin, operators of the Schiller Theatre. In 1970 he was appointed a Staatsschauspieler in Berlin.\nIn addition to various roles in film and television, Bauschulte also worked extensively as a voice-over speaker for German language media. His best known such role was as the voice of Lieutenant Mike Stone in the US TV series The Streets of San Francisco, played by Karl Malden. From then on he was Karl Malden's German voice in all his films. He also several times voiced Sid James and Cyril Chamberlain in the Carry On films. Additional voice-over roles included Richard Attenborough in Jurassic Park, Alec Guinness in Murder by Death (German title, Eine Leiche zum Dessert), Edward Platt in the television series Get Smart (German title, Mini-Max) and Barnard Hughes in the television series Mr. Merlin. The German-speaking children of the 1970s know his voice as that of Mr. Rossi in the German version of Il Signor Rossi cerca la felicit\u00e0.\nHe was one of the German voices of Ludwig von Drake, succeeding Horst Gentzen, before being replaced by Eberhard Pr\u00fcter.\nBauschulte was to be heard from 1978 to 1999 as Professor van Dusen in the radio play series of that name on RIAS (later known as DeutschlandRadio Berlin). He also performed in numerous other radio plays, for example between 1959 and 1962 in three multi-part plays in the Paul Temple series on Westdeutscher Rundfunk and in 1978 as the narrator in Der liebe Herr Teufel.\nHe is buried in the Protestant cemetery in Nikolassee.\n\n", "Q708620": "Richard Martin Lloyd Walters (born January 14, 1965), better known as Slick Rick, is a British rapper and record producer who was raised in The Bronx, New York.\nSlick Rick has released four albums: The Great Adventures of Slick Rick (1988), The Ruler's Back (1991), Behind Bars (1994) and The Art of Storytelling (1999). His music has been sampled and interpolated over 600 times, in over 35 songs by artists including Eminem, Beyonc\u00e9, Mariah Carey, the Beastie Boys, TLC, Nas, Miley Cyrus, Kanye West, Black Star, The Notorious B.I.G., Snoop Dogg, MC Ren, Montell Jordan and Color Me Badd. In the process, Walters has become one of the most-sampled hip-hop artists ever. Many of these songs based on Slick Rick samples went on to become hit singles.\nSlick Rick has been a VH-1 Hip Hop Honors honoree, and About.com ranked him No. 12 on their list of the Top 50 MCs of Our Time, while The Source ranked him No. 15 on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time. He has acted and cameo-ed in 10 movies and videos.", "Q37103": "Florence Nightingale, (; 12 May 1820 \u2013 13 August 1910) was a British social reformer and statistician, and the founder of modern nursing.\nNightingale came to prominence while serving as a manager and trainer of nurses during the Crimean War, in which she organised care for wounded soldiers. She gave nursing a favourable reputation and became an icon of Victorian culture, especially in the persona of \"The Lady with the Lamp\" making rounds of wounded soldiers at night.Recent commentators have asserted Nightingale's Crimean War achievements were exaggerated by media at the time, but critics agree on the importance of her later work in professionalising nursing roles for women. In 1860, Nightingale laid the foundation of professional nursing with the establishment of her nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London. It was the first secular nursing school in the world, and is now part of King's College London. In recognition of her pioneering work in nursing, the Nightingale Pledge taken by new nurses, and the Florence Nightingale Medal, the highest international distinction a nurse can achieve, were named in her honour, and the annual International Nurses Day is celebrated on her birthday. Her social reforms included improving healthcare for all sections of British society, advocating better hunger relief in India, helping to abolish prostitution laws that were harsh for women, and expanding the acceptable forms of female participation in the workforce.\nNightingale was a prodigious and versatile writer. In her lifetime, much of her published work was concerned with spreading medical knowledge. Some of her tracts were written in simple English so that they could easily be understood by those with poor literary skills. She was also a pioneer in data visualization with the use of infographics, effectively using graphical presentations of statistical data. Much of her writing, including her extensive work on religion and mysticism, has only been published posthumously.", "Q69719": "Wolfgang Heine (3 May 1861 \u2013 9 May 1944) was a German jurist and social democrat politician. Heine was a member of the Imperial parliament and the Weimar National Assembly, he served as Minister President of the Free State of Anhalt and Prussian Minister of the Interior and Justice. \n\n", "Q373065": "Applied physics is intended for a particular technological or practical use. It is usually considered as a bridge or connection between physics and engineering.\n\"Applied\" is distinguished from \"pure\" by a subtle combination of factors, such as the motivation and attitude of researchers and the nature of the relationship to the technology or science that may be affected by the work. Applied physics is rooted in the fundamental truths and basic concepts of the physical sciences, but is concerned with the utilization of scientific principles in practical devices and systems, and in the application of physics in other areas of science.It usually differs from engineering in that an applied physicist may not be designing something in particular, but rather is using physics or conducting physics research with the aim of developing new technologies or solving an engineering problem. This approach is similar to that of applied mathematics. \nIn other words, applied physics is rooted in the fundamental truths and basic concepts of the physical sciences but is concerned with the utilization of these scientific principles in practical devices and systems.Applied physicists can also be interested in the use of physics for scientific research. For instance, the field of accelerator physics can contribute to research in theoretical physics by working with engineers enabling design and construction of high-energy colliders.\n\n", "Q70248": "Paudex is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Lavaux-Oron. It is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.", "Q206388": "Once Upon a Time in America (Italian: C'era una volta in America) is a 1984 epic crime drama film co-written and directed by Italian filmmaker Sergio Leone and starring Robert De Niro and James Woods. The film is an Italian\u2013American venture produced by The Ladd Company, Embassy International Pictures, PSO Enterprises, and Rafran Cinematografica, and distributed by Warner Bros. Based on Harry Grey's novel The Hoods, it chronicles the lives of best friends David \"Noodles\" Aaronson and Maximilian \"Max\" Bercovicz as they lead a group of Jewish ghetto youths who rise to prominence as Jewish gangsters in New York City's world of organized crime. The film explores themes of childhood friendships, love, lust, greed, betrayal, loss, broken relationships, together with the rise of mobsters in American society.\nIt was the final film directed by Leone before his death five years later, and the first feature film he had directed in 13 years. It is also the third film of Leone's Once Upon a Time Trilogy, which includes Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) and Duck, You Sucker! (1971). The cinematography was by Tonino Delli Colli, and the film score by Ennio Morricone. Leone originally envisaged two three-hour films, then a single 269-minute (4 hours and 29 minutes) version, but was convinced by distributors to shorten it to 229 minutes (3 hours and 49 minutes). The American distributors, The Ladd Company, further shortened it to 139 minutes, and rearranged the scenes into chronological order, without Leone's involvement. The shortened version was a critical and commercial flop in the United States, and critics who had seen both versions harshly condemned the changes that were made. The original \"European cut\" has remained a critical favorite and frequently appears in lists of the greatest gangster films of all time.\n\n", "Q442791": "Elaine Stewart (born Elsy Henrietta Maria Steinberg; May 31, 1930 \u2013 June 27, 2011) was an American actress and model.", "Q196045": "Manuel Olaguer Feli\u00fa (December 27, 1759 \u2013 June 7, 1824), was a military engineer who became Field Marshal and Captain General of Galicia. Participated in the colonial wars in the Captaincy General of Chile and the Viceroyalty of Peru.\n\n", "Q462327": "John Heard Jr. (March 7, 1946 \u2013 July 21, 2017) was an American actor. He appeared in a number of successful movies, including Heart Beat (1980), Cutter's Way (1981), Cat People (1982), C.H.U.D. (1984), After Hours (1985), Beaches (1988), The Package (1989), and Deceived (1991). Other films include Big (1988), Awakenings (1990), Rambling Rose (1991), The Pelican Brief (1993), My Fellow Americans (1996), Animal Factory (2000), White Chicks (2004), Would You Rather (2012) and Assault on Wall Street (2013). Heard also played the role of Peter McCallister, the father of protagonist Kevin McCallister (Macaulay Culkin), in Home Alone (1990) and its sequel Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992). \nHeard played the role of George in Sharknado (2013). From 1995 to 1997, he played the role of Roy Foltrigg in the television series The Client. From 2005 to 2006, Heard played the role of Governor Frank Tancredi in Prison Break. He was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1999 for guest starring on The Sopranos (1999\u20132004).", "Q82960": "Rottweil (German: [\u02c8\u0281\u0254tva\u026al] (listen)) is a town in southwest Germany in the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. Rottweil was a Free Imperial City for nearly 600 years.\nLocated between the Black Forest and the Swabian Alps, Rottweil has almost 139,500 inhabitants as of 2019. The old town is famous for its medieval center and for its traditional carnival (called \"Fasnet\" in the local Swabian dialect). It is the oldest town in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, and its appearance has changed very little since the 16th century.", "Q152761": "Gorgoroth is a Norwegian black metal band based in Bergen. It was formed in 1992 by guitarist Infernus, who is also the only original member remaining, and the band have since released nine studio albums. Gorgoroth are a Satanic band and have drawn controversy due to some of their concerts, which have featured impaled sheep heads and mock crucifixions. The band is named after the dead plateau of darkness in the land of Mordor from J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings.", "Q444486": "Beatrice Hastings was the pen name of Emily Alice Haigh (27 January 1879 \u2013 30 October 1943) an English writer, poet and literary critic. Much of her work was published in The New Age under a variety of pseudonyms, and she lived with the editor, A. R. Orage, for a time before the outbreak of the First World War. Bisexual, she was a friend and lover of Katherine Mansfield, whose work was first published in The New Age. Another of her lovers was Wyndham Lewis.", "Q540192": "Virgilio Barco Vargas (17 September 1921 \u2013 20 May 1997) was a Colombian politician and civil engineer who served as the 27th President of Colombia serving from 7 August 1986 to 7 August 1990.", "Q237633": "Odetta Holmes (December 31, 1930 \u2013 December 2, 2008), known as Odetta, was an American singer, actress, guitarist, lyricist, and a civil and human rights activist, often referred to as \"The Voice of the Civil Rights Movement\". Her musical repertoire consisted largely of American folk music, blues, jazz, and spirituals. An important figure in the American folk music revival of the 1950s and 1960s, she influenced many of the key figures of the folk-revival of that time, including Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Mavis Staples, and Janis Joplin. Time magazine included her recording of \"Take This Hammer\" on its list of the 100 Greatest Popular Songs, stating that \"Rosa Parks was her No. 1 fan, and Martin Luther King Jr. called her the queen of American folk music.\"", "Q16873": "Juan Carlos Onetti Borges (July 1, 1909, Montevideo \u2013 May 30, 1994, Madrid) was a Uruguayan novelist and author of short stories.", "Q238500": "Cytherea (born September 27, 1981) is an American pornographic actress and model. She is known for her ability to ejaculate (known as \"squirting\" in the adult industry) while performing sex acts.", "Q132095": "Alexander Lubotzky (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05dc\u05db\u05e1\u05e0\u05d3\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05e6\u05e7\u05d9\u200e, born 28 June 1956) is an Israeli mathematician and former politician who is currently a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and an adjunct professor at Yale University. He served as a member of the Knesset for The Third Way party between 1996 and 1999. In 2018 he won the Israel Prize for his accomplishments in maths and computer science.", "Q3021495": "Delbert Eugene Webb (May 17, 1899 \u2013 July 4, 1974) was an American real estate developer, and a co-owner of the New York Yankees baseball club. He is known for founding and developing the retirement community of Sun City, Arizona, and for many works of his firm, Del E. Webb Construction Company.", "Q232993": "Rabbit Without Ears 2 (German title: Zweiohrk\u00fcken, lit: Two-Eared Chick) is a 2009 German romantic comedy film, written, produced and directed by Til Schweiger. A sequel to 2007's Keinohrhasen (Rabbit Without Ears), it was co-written by Anika Decker and Schweiger, starring Schweiger and Nora Tschirner as former yellow press reporter Ludo and his girlfriend Anna.\nProduced by Barefoot Films and Warner Bros., the film premiered in theaters across Germany and Austria on December 3, 2009.", "Q75456": "Hermann-Josef Tenhagen (born 22 January 1963) is the former Editor-in-Chief of Finanztest, the German monthly magazine dealing with financial issues published by Stiftung Warentest, the German consumer organisation.\n\n", "Q439445": "Michael Andrew \"Mike\" Bordin (born November 27, 1962 in San Francisco) is an American musician, best known as the drummer for rock band Faith No More. He has amicably been known as \"Puffy\", \"Puffster\" or \"The Puff\", in reference to the afro hair style he wore in the early 1980s. The nicknames were coined by Faith No More guitarist Jim Martin, and they stuck around even after he grew out his hair and tied it in dreadlocks, a trademark look he has worn for most of his career.\nMike Bordin was one of the three founding band member of Faith No More in 1983 and was the band's only drummer throughout its span, remaining with the group until its initial breakup in April 1998. He rejoined Faith No More when the band reformed in 2009. Bordin has also performed with Ozzy Osbourne, Black Sabbath, Korn, Black Label Society, Jerry Cantrell, Primus, The Chickenfuckers and Pop-O-Pies. Some of his pre-Faith No More bands include Faith. No Man., Sharp Young Men and EZ-Street. Bordin has played alongside all three Metallica bassists over the years; he played with Cliff Burton in EZ-Street and with Jason Newsted and Robert Trujillo with Ozzy Osbourne.", "Q74990": "John Frederick Mogg, Baron Mogg KCMG (5 October 1943) is a previous Chairman of Ofgem and the current Chairman of the EU Energy Regulators. It was announced that he would become a life peer on 18 April 2008, and on 28 May 2008 he was created Baron Mogg, of Queen's Park in the county of East Sussex.\nOn 14 January 2019 he retired from the House of Lords.\n\n", "Q446291": "Ky\u014dichi Sawada (\u6ca2\u7530 \u6559\u4e00, Sawada Ky\u014dichi, February 22, 1936 \u2013 October 28, 1970) was a Japanese photographer with United Press International who received the 1966 Pulitzer Prize for Photography for his combat photography of the Vietnam War during 1965. Two of these photographs were selected as \"World Press Photos of the Year\" in 1965 and 1966. The 1965 photograph shows a Vietnamese mother and children wading across a river to escape a US bombing. The famous 1966 photograph shows U.S soldiers of the 1st Infantry division dragging a dead Viet Cong fighter to a burial site behind their M113 armored personnel carrier, after he was killed in a fierce night attack by several Viet Cong battalions against Australian forces during the Battle of Long Tan on 18 August 1966.\nHe also documented the Battle of Hue in 1968, for example capturing an image of Lance Corporal Don Hammons immediately after being wounded by enemy fire; he died minutes later. Sawada died together with Frank Frosch, UPI Phnom Penh branch chief, in 1970 while on their way to the Kirrirom Pass in Cambodia.", "Q5150848": "The Combined Communications-Electronics Board (CCEB) is a five-nation joint military communications-electronics (C-E) organisation whose mission is the coordination of any military C-E matter that is referred to it by a member nation. The member nations of the CCEB are Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. The CCEB is the Sponsoring Authority for all Allied Communications Publications (ACPs). ACPs are raised and issued under common agreement between the member nations. The CCEB Board consists of a senior Command, Control, Communications and Computer (C4) representative from each of the member nations.The goal of the CCEB is to enhance the interoperability of communications systems among the military forces of the ABCA countries. The CCEB directs the activities of subordinate working groups charged with exchanging operational, procedural, and technical information in defined areas. CCEB products include Allied Communications Publications, Information Exchange Action Items, and CCEB publications. The U.S. CCEB representative is the Joint Chiefs of Staff Director for C4 Systems (J-6). The U.S. Army provides technical representatives to selected CCEB working groups at the request of the U.S. CCEB representative.The CCEB is a member to the Washington-based Multifora consisting of, but not limited to, ABCA Armies, AUSCANNZUKUS, and The Technical Cooperation Program. In the U.S., the Military Command, Control, Communications, and Computers Executive Board (MC4EB) serves as the principal member to the CCEB.\n\n", "Q25261": "Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences which includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics, with a major focus on weather forecasting. The study of meteorology dates back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not occur until the 18th century. The 19th century saw modest progress in the field after weather observation networks were formed across broad regions. Prior attempts at prediction of weather depended on historical data. It was not until after the elucidation of the laws of physics and more particularly, the development of the computer, allowing for the automated solution of a great many equations that model the weather, in the latter half of the 20th century that significant breakthroughs in weather forecasting were achieved. An important domain of weather forecasting is marine weather forecasting as it relates to maritime and coastal safety, in which weather effects also include atmospheric interactions with large bodies of water.\nMeteorological phenomena are observable weather events that are explained by the science of meteorology. Meteorological phenomena are described and quantified by the variables of Earth's atmosphere: temperature, air pressure, water vapour, mass flow, and the variations and interactions of those variables, and how they change over time. Different spatial scales are used to describe and predict weather on local, regional, and global levels.\nMeteorology, climatology, atmospheric physics, and atmospheric chemistry are sub-disciplines of the atmospheric sciences. Meteorology and hydrology compose the interdisciplinary field of hydrometeorology. The interactions between Earth's atmosphere and its oceans are part of a coupled ocean-atmosphere system. Meteorology has application in many diverse fields such as the military, energy production, transport, agriculture, and construction.\nThe word meteorology is from the Ancient Greek \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 met\u00e9\u014dros (meteor) and -\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 -logia (-(o)logy), meaning \"the study of things high in the air.\"", "Q300935": "Lukas Graham is a Danish pop band. It consists of lead vocalist Lukas Forchhammer, drummer Mark Falgren, and bassist Magnus Larsson. The band released their first album, Lukas Graham, with labels Copenhagen Records and Then We Take The World in 2012. The album peaked at number one on the Danish charts. Their second album was released in 2015 and earned international attention with singles like \"Mama Said\" and \"7 Years\", the latter of which topped the singles charts in many major music markets. The self-titled international debut album was officially released in the United States by Warner Bros. Records on 1 April 2016.", "Q121957": "Prince Jan Duklan Maurycy Pawe\u0142 Puzyna de Kosielsko (13 September 1842 \u2013 8 September 1911) was a Polish Roman Catholic Cardinal who was auxiliary bishop of Lw\u00f3w (now Lviv, Ukraine) from 1886 to 1895, and the bishop of Krak\u00f3w from 1895 until his death in 1911. Named a Cardinal in 1901, he was known for his conservative views and authoritarianism.\n\n", "Q63234": "Hans Aumeier (20 August 1906 \u2013 28 January 1948) was an SS commander during the Nazi era who was the deputy commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp. One of the most important criminals at Auschwitz, he was extradited to Poland where he was convicted and sentenced to death. Aumeier was executed in 1948.", "Q3048437": "Milestone Records is an American jazz record company and label founded in 1966 by Orrin Keepnews and Dick Katz in New York City. The company was bought by Fantasy Records in 1972. Since then it has produced reissues as well as new recordings. Sonny Rollins and McCoy Tyner are among the musicians who recorded for the label.\nMilestone has reissued many historic jazz recording sessions, including the Jelly Roll Morton, King Oliver, and the New Orleans Rhythm Kings sides made for Gennett Records in the 1920s. The label also issued blues albums, most of them produced by Pete Welding. They include Driftin' Slim & His Blues Band's Somebody Hoo-Doo'd The Hoo-Doo Man, in addition to LPs by Mississippi Fred McDowell and Big Joe Williams.\nAnother company called Milestone Records was active in the late 1950s, releasing music by acts such as The Jodimars and The Blue Jays. This label was owned by rockabilly musician Werly Fairburn.", "Q659309": "Zurzach District is a district in the Swiss Canton of Aargau. The district capital is Bad Zurzach. It covers the Studenland area and is located in the northeastern part of the canton. It has a population of 34,418 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q44847": "Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki (\u9234\u6728 \u5927\u62d9 \u8c9e\u592a\u90ce Suzuki Daisetsu Teitar\u014d; he rendered his name \"Daisetz\" in 1894; 18 October 1870 \u2013 12 July 1966) was a Japanese author of books and essays on Buddhism, Zen (Chan) and Shin that were instrumental in spreading interest in both Zen and Shin (and Far Eastern philosophy in general) to the West. Suzuki was also a prolific translator of Chinese, Japanese, and Sanskrit literature. Suzuki spent several lengthy stretches teaching or lecturing at Western universities, and devoted many years to a professorship at \u014ctani University, a Japanese Buddhist school.\nHe was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1963.", "Q457388": "Mar\u00eda Guerrero Torija (April 17, 1867 - January 23, 1928) was a prominent Spanish theatre actor, producer and director.", "Q4774898": "Antilles Records was a record label founded as a division of Island Records. It began as a jazz label, recording Joanne Brackeen, Bir\u00e9li Lagr\u00e8ne, and Phil Woods, though its catalogue did expand to include eclectic musicians like Brian Eno and Robert Fripp. It was the first to introduce the Slits and Nick Drake to American audiences. One of its founders was Jeff Walker, an employee at Island and the first A&R director for Antilles.In the 1990s, Antilles recorded Peter Apfelbaum, Johnny Griffin, Frank Morgan, Steve Turre, and Randy Weston. Polygram bought Island, Seagram's bought Polygram, and by the end of the decade Antilles stopped recording jazz.", "Q983236": "Albert Alberts, writing as A. Alberts (1911\u20131995) was a Dutch writer, translator, and journalist. He won numerous awards throughout his career, among them the 1975 Constantijn Huygens Prize.", "Q646229": "L'Express (literally \"The Express\") is a Swiss regional French-language daily newspaper, published in Neuch\u00e2tel. \nFounded in 1738 as the Feuille d'avis de Neuchatel, it is the oldest still-published French-language newspaper in the world.The newspaper is published by Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Neuch\u00e2teloise de Presse SA, which also publishes the French-language, daily newspaper L'Impartial (English: The Impartial) in La Chaux-de-Fonds. Since 2003, the newspaper is part of Hersant's France Antilles group.Covering international, national and local issues, including local exhibitions, it is available online in both PDF format (for a fee of 3 CHF for 24 hours) and as web articles (available free on the day of publication), in addition to the printed edition. The newspaper's circulation was 25,115 in 2005.", "Q73033": "Hans-J\u00fcrgen Massaquoi (January 19, 1926 \u2013 January 19, 2013) was a German American journalist and author of African descent. He was born in Hamburg, Germany, to a white German mother and a black Liberian Vai father, the grandson of Momulu Massaquoi, the consul general of Liberia in Germany at the time.", "Q524414": "Jade Y. Chen (Chinese: \u9673\u7389\u6167; pinyin: Ch\u00e9n Y\u00f9hu\u00ec) is a novelist, journalist, theatre director and playwright from Taiwan. She is best known for her book, China, which won the Taiwan Golden Text Award (\u91d1\u5178\u734e) for best novel and the Hong Kong Baptist University\u2019s Dream of the Red Chamber Award Jury Prize. Her 2004 bestselling novel Mazu's Bodyguards was adapted into a musical, presented at the National Theater in Taipei in December 2009. In Taiwan Today, it was described as a \"bold attempt to explore Taiwan\u2019s complex ethnic, cultural and political history\".Her works have been translated in German and English.\n\n", "Q1691006": "Jocelyn Bernadette Smith (born 22 August 1960) is an American jazz vocalist.", "Q2975587": "Clarence Hummel Wilson (November 17, 1876 \u2013 October 5, 1941) was an American character actor.", "Q63220": "Bruno Schleinstein (2 June 1932 \u2013 11 August 2010), often credited as Bruno S., was a German film actor, artist, and musician. He is known internationally for his roles in two films directed by Werner Herzog, The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser (1974) and Stroszek (1976).", "Q32709": "Frances Ann Lebowitz (born October 27, 1950) is an American author, public speaker, and occasional actor. Lebowitz is known for her sardonic social commentary on American life as filtered through her New York City sensibilities. Some reviewers have called her a modern-day Dorothy Parker.", "Q314954": "David Matthew Macfadyen (born 17 October 1974) is an English actor who has appeared in film, television and theatre. He is known for his performance as Mr. Darcy in the Joe Wright's Pride & Prejudice (2005), and Daniel in the Frank Oz comedy Death at a Funeral. He also portrayed John Birt in the political drama Frost/Nixon and Detective Inspector Edmund Reid in the BBC series Ripper Street. In June 2010, Macfadyen won a British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor for his work in Criminal Justice. Macfayden currently stars as Tom Wambsgans in the critically acclaimed HBO drama series Succession.", "Q31200": "Philadelphe-Maurice Alhoy (1802 \u2013 27 April 1856) was a 19th-century French journalist, writer and playwright, born and died in Paris.", "Q267010": "Tomoko Kawase (\u5ddd\u702c \u667a\u5b50, Kawase Tomoko, born February 6, 1975) is a Japanese singer, songwriter, producer, actress, and model from Kyoto. She is the lead singer of the alternative rock band The Brilliant Green. She also has a solo career under the alter-ego pseudonyms Tommy february6 and Tommy heavenly6.\nHer debut solo album Tommy february6 peaked at No. 1 on the Japan Oricon chart. The album was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan, as well as her second studio album Tommy Airline. She has released eight solo albums. Her songs appeared in various anime including Paradise Kiss, Mobile Suit Gundam 00, Soul Eater, Pok\u00e9mon, Gin Tama, and Bakuman. Two of her songs were used in the 2004 film adaption of Kamikaze Girls. From 2001 to 2009, she released music through Defstar Records, a division of Sony Music Japan. In 2010 she was signed to Warner Music Japan.\nShe has appeared on the cover of Marquee magazine nine times, and has also been featured on the cover of JGM and NewsMaker. She modeled for Italian fashion house Fiorucci, and hosted the MTV Japan show Breakdown. She mentored and produced music for the pop-duo Amoyamo. In 2005, an official Blythe doll of Kawase was released.\nShe has been cited as an influence to other pop artists, such as Kyary Pamyu Pamyu and Charli XCX.", "Q5928": "James Marshall \"Jimi\" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942 \u2013 September 18, 1970) was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Although his mainstream career lasted only four years, he is widely regarded as one of the most influential guitarists in history and one of the most celebrated musicians of the 20th century. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes him as \"the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music\".Born in Seattle, Washington, Hendrix began playing guitar at age 15. In 1961, he enlisted in the US Army and trained as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division, but he was discharged the following year. He moved to Clarksville, Tennessee soon after and began playing gigs on the Chitlin' Circuit, earning a place in the Isley Brothers' backing band and later with Little Richard, with whom he continued to work through mid-1965. He played with Curtis Knight and the Squires before moving to England in late 1966 after being discovered by Linda Keith, who interested bassist Chas Chandler of the Animals in becoming his first manager. Within months, Hendrix earned three UK top ten hits with the Jimi Hendrix Experience: \"Hey Joe\", \"Purple Haze\", and \"The Wind Cries Mary\". He achieved fame in the US after his performance at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967, and his third and final studio album Electric Ladyland reached number one in the US in 1968; it was Hendrix's most commercially successful release and his only number-one album. He was the world's highest-paid performer, and he headlined the Woodstock festival in 1969 and the Isle of Wight Festival in 1970. He died from barbiturate-related asphyxia on September 18, 1970, at age 27.\nHendrix was inspired by American rock and roll and electric blues. He favored overdriven amplifiers with high volume and gain, and was instrumental in popularizing the previously undesirable sounds caused by guitar amplifier feedback. He was also one of the first guitarists to make extensive use of tone-altering effects units in mainstream rock, such as fuzz distortion, Octavia, wah-wah, and Uni-Vibe. He was the first musician to use stereophonic phasing effects in recordings. Holly George-Warren of Rolling Stone writes: \"Hendrix pioneered the use of the instrument as an electronic sound source. Players before him had experimented with feedback and distortion, but Hendrix turned those effects and others into a controlled, fluid vocabulary every bit as personal as the blues with which he began.\"In 1967, readers of Melody Maker voted Hendrix the Pop Musician of the Year, and Rolling Stone declared him the Performer of the Year in 1968. Disc and Music Echo magazine honored him with the World Top Musician of 1969, and Guitar Player named him the Rock Guitarist of the Year in 1970. The Jimi Hendrix Experience was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. Rolling Stone ranked the band's three studio albums among the 100 greatest albums of all time, and ranked Hendrix the greatest guitarist and the sixth greatest artist of all time.", "Q688746": "Self (stylized as sElf or SeLF) is an American alternative pop/rock band from Murfreesboro, Tennessee. The band is led by Matt Mahaffey. The band currently consists of Chris James (keyboards, piano, samplers, guitar, backing vocals), Mac Burrus (bass guitar, keyboards, horns, backing vocals), and Jason Rawlings (Drums). Past members include Matt's brother, Mike Mahaffey (lead guitar, keyboards, vocals) and Timm Nobles (bass guitar). Mahaffey cites Electric Light Orchestra, Prince, and Pixies as some of his biggest musical influences.", "Q277203": "Fragile (Spanish: Fr\u00e1giles) is a 2005 Spanish-British horror film directed by Jaume Balaguer\u00f3.", "Q231256": "Francis de Sales (French: Fran\u00e7ois de Sales; Italian: Francesco di Sales; 21 August 1567 \u2013 28 December 1622) was a Bishop of Geneva and is honored as a saint in the Catholic Church. He became noted for his deep faith and his gentle approach to the religious divisions in his land resulting from the Protestant Reformation. He is known also for his writings on the topic of spiritual direction and spiritual formation, particularly the Introduction to the Devout Life and the Treatise on the Love of God.", "Q691217": "Arnaud Boetsch (born 1 April 1969) is a French former tennis player who turned professional in 1987. Known for his stylish single-handed backhand, he won 3 career titles, reaching his highest ATP singles ranking of World No. 12 in April 1996.\n\n", "Q4304150": "This is an article about a defunct university in Moscow. For a modern research institution in Moscow, see Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.\nMoscow Institute of Oriental Studies (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, abbreviated \u041c\u0418\u0412 (MIV)) was a university-level educational institution that operated in Moscow, Russia, in 1920\u20131954. It was created as a result of merging Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages and the Oriental studies departments in Moscow's other higher educational institutions.\nWhen the institute was closed in 1954, its Department of Indian Languages and Department of the Languages of the Near and Middle East have been transferred into Moscow State Institute of International Relations.", "Q71624": "Hans Peter Richter (1925\u20131993) was a German author. He was born in Cologne, Germany, went to school in Germany, studied at the university of Hannover, and graduated in 1968. He also spent some of his life in the German army. Richter wrote many books for children and young adults. Notable among them is the novel Friedrich (in German Damals war es Friedrich), about the persecution of Jews in Germany during The Holocaust. Friedrich (published in 1970) was the subject of an American Library Association 1972 ALSC Batchelder Award.\nSome of his most notable books are:\n\nThe Time of the Young Soldiers\nI Was There\nFriedrichHe also published several books on sociology and psychology.\nHans Peter Richter was married to Elfried Feldman and had four children; Ulrike, Claudia, Leonore, and Gereon. He died in Mainz in November 1993.\n\n", "Q122292": "Hanna Schwamborn (born September 4, 1992) is a German actress who is best known for her role as Lavinia in the Dutch film De Brief voor de Koning which is based on the book of the same name from Dutch writer Tonke Dragt.Her first film was Good Bye, Lenin! (2003) where she plays the role of Carla, the little sister of Daniel Br\u00fchl. She has been featured in the 2008 film Ljubav i drugi zlo\u010dini during the Berlinale and also in the movie Stella und der Stern des Orients.\nShe plays small roles in several German television. Schwamborn lives in Bremen.", "Q16867": "Edgar Allan Poe (; born Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 \u2013 October 7, 1849) was an American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre. He is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States and of American literature as a whole, and he was one of the country's earliest practitioners of the short story. He is also generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre and is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. Poe was the first well-known American writer to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.Poe was born in Boston, the second child of actors David and Elizabeth \"Eliza\" Poe. His father abandoned the family in 1810, and his mother died the following year. Thus orphaned, the child was taken in by John and Frances Allan of Richmond, Virginia. They never formally adopted him, but he was with them well into young adulthood. Tension developed later as Poe and John Allan repeatedly clashed over debts, including those incurred by gambling, and the cost of Poe's education. Poe attended the University of Virginia but left after a year due to lack of money. He quarreled with Allan over the funds for his education and enlisted in the United States Army in 1827 under an assumed name. It was at this time that his publishing career began with the anonymous collection Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), credited only to \"a Bostonian\". Poe and Allan reached a temporary rapprochement after the death of Allan's wife in 1829. Poe later failed as an officer cadet at West Point, declaring a firm wish to be a poet and writer, and he ultimately parted ways with Allan.\nPoe switched his focus to prose and spent the next several years working for literary journals and periodicals, becoming known for his own style of literary criticism. His work forced him to move among several cities, including Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City. He married his 13-year-old cousin, Virginia Clemm, in 1836, but Virginia died of tuberculosis in 1847. In January 1845, Poe published his poem \"The Raven\" to instant success. He planned for years to produce his own journal The Penn (later renamed The Stylus), but before it could be produced, he died in Baltimore on October 7, 1849, at age 40. The cause of his death is unknown and has been variously attributed to disease, alcoholism, substance abuse, suicide, and other causes.Poe and his works influenced literature around the world, as well as specialized fields such as cosmology and cryptography. He and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of his homes are dedicated museums today. The Mystery Writers of America present an annual award known as the Edgar Award for distinguished work in the mystery genre.", "Q717072": "Bajram Kosumi (born 20 March 1960, in Kosovska Kamenica, Yugoslavia) is an Albanian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Kosovo for nearly one year. He was nominated by Kosovan President Ibrahim Rugova and elected Prime Minister by the Kosovo Parliament on 23 March 2005 following his predecessor Ramush Haradinaj's indictment for war crimes and subsequent resignation. Kosumi resigned on 1 March 2006 amid widespread unpopularity and was replaced by former rebel leader Agim \u00c7eku. He also served as the deputy chairman of the Alliance for the Future of Kosovo.", "Q3088175": "Joan Fontcuberta (born 24 February 1955) is a conceptual artist whose best-known works, such as Fauna and Sputnik, examine the truthfulness of photography. In addition, he is a writer, editor, teacher, and curator.\n\n", "Q550395": "Joseph Lawrence Mignogna Jr. (born April 20, 1976) is an American actor, musician, and game show host. He got his start as a child star in the early 1980s and is best known for his role as Joey Russo in Blossom and Joe Longo in Melissa & Joey. Lawrence also starred in the series Brotherly Love with his real-life brothers Matthew and Andrew.", "Q112437": "Helga Vlahovi\u0107 (28 January 1945 \u2013 27 February 2012) was a Croatian journalist, producer, and television personality, whose career spanned five decades in both SFR Yugoslavia and later Croatia. She was one of the most popular television presenters in the 1980s. Throughout her career, she was also credited as Helga Vlahovi\u0107 Pea and Helga Vlahovi\u0107 Brnobi\u0107 during the times she was married.", "Q324129": "Kajetan Kovi\u010d (21 October 1931 \u2013 7 November 2014) was a Slovene poet, writer, translator, and journalist.\n\n", "Q718427": "James Iovine ( EYE-\u0259-veen, Italian: [\u02c8jo\u02d0vine]; born March 11, 1953) is an American entrepreneur, record executive, and media proprietor best known as the co-founder of Interscope Records. In 2006, Iovine and rapper-producer Dr. Dre founded Beats Electronics, which produces audio products and operated a now-defunct music streaming service. The company was purchased by Apple Inc. for $3 billion in May 2014.Prior to the Apple acquisition of Beats in 2014, Iovine became chairman of Interscope-Geffen-A&M, an umbrella unit merged by the then-newly-reincarnated Universal Music Group in 1999.", "Q3656334": "Stuart Jonathan Russell (born 1962) is a computer scientist known for his contributions to artificial intelligence. He is a Professor of Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley and Adjunct Professor of Neurological Surgery at the University of California, San Francisco. He holds the Smith-Zadeh Chair in Engineering at University of California Berkeley. He founded and leads the Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence (CHAI) at UC Berkeley. Russell is the co-author of the most popular textbook in the field of artificial intelligence: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach used in more than 1,400 universities in 128 countries.", "Q102624": "Klaus W. Bender is a German financial journalist and author, best known for writing the book Moneymakers: The Secret World of Banknote Printing.", "Q3262266": "Pua Khein-Seng (Chinese: \u6f58\u5065\u6210; born 29 June 1974, is arguably one of the inventors of USB flash drive. In an interview with The Star, the CEO of Phison Electronics Corp based in Taiwan claims to have incorporated the world's first single chip USB flash drive. He is even regarded as \"father of pendrive\" in Malaysia. Raised in Sekinchan, Selangor, Malaysia, Pua received his undergraduate education in electrical control engineering at the National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan and has since then resided in Taiwan.", "Q71142": "Sebastian Leitner (1919 in Salzburg \u2013 1989) was a German commentator and science popularizer.\nAs a student in Vienna, he was briefly kept in custody by the Nazis in 1938 because of his opposition to the annexation of Austria into Greater Germany. Later he moved to Frankfurt to study law, but he was recruited by the Wehrmacht in 1942. After spending several years in a Soviet POW camp, he returned to Germany in 1949 and started a career as a commentator. His wife was the Austrian journalist and author Thea Leitner.\nAt first, he focused on legal and sociological topics, but later he took medical and psychology-related subjects as his theme. His book So lernt man lernen (How to learn to learn), a practical manual on the psychology of learning, became a bestseller. In this often-cited book he described his Leitner System which uses flashcards for accelerated and increased learning by spaced repetition .", "Q231530": "Kara Elizabeth DioGuardi (; born December 9, 1970) is an American songwriter, record producer, music publisher, A&R executive, singer, composer and television personality. She writes music primarily in the pop rock genre. DioGuardi has worked with many popular artists; sales of albums on which her songs appear exceed 160 million worldwide. DioGuardi is a Grammy and Emmy-nominated writer. She is a 2011 NAMM Music For Life Award winner, 2009 NMPA Songwriter Icon Award winner, 2007 BMI Pop Songwriter of the Year, and has received 20 BMI Awards for co-writing the most performed songs on the radio.\nDioGuardi served as a judge on American Idol for its eighth and ninth seasons. In 2008, she was appointed to the position of executive vice president of talent development at Warner Bros. Records, and has signed acts such as Jason Derulo and Iyaz. In 2011, she was a head judge on the Bravo singer-songwriter competition series Platinum Hit.", "Q259840": "Rachel Shelley (born 25 August 1969) is an English actress and model. She is best known for playing Helena Peabody in the Showtime series The L Word and Elizabeth Russell in the Oscar-nominated Bollywood epic Lagaan.", "Q98092": "Fritz P\u00f6lking (* 30 January 1936 in Krefeld; died 16 July 2007 in Greven) was a German nature photographer, author and book publisher.", "Q25513": "Paris Belongs to Us (French: Paris nous appartient, sometimes translated as Paris Is Ours) is a 1961 French mystery film directed by Jacques Rivette. Set in Paris in 1957 and often referencing Shakespeare's play Pericles, the title is highly ironic because the characters are immigrants or alienated and do not feel that they belong at all.\nThe story centres on an essentially innocent young university student called Anne who through her older brother meets a group of friends haunted by mysterious tensions and fears that lead two of them to commit suicide. Among them is her opposite, a femme fatale called Terry who has had affairs with all the men. The source of the malaise affecting the group is never explained, leaving viewers to ponder how far it might be an amalgam of individual imbalances, general existentialist anxiety, or the more specific paranoia of the Cold War as the world faced the possibility of nuclear annihilation.", "Q182742": "ersguterjunge is an independent German hip hop label distributed by Sony BMG. It was founded by rappers D-Bo and Bushido in 2004, after he left the indie label Aggro Berlin. Bushido is the managing director. ersguterjunge is a reflexion on some of Germany's immigrant population's slang for standard German \"er ist ein guter Junge\" (\"he is a good boy\").", "Q14916": "Ostfildern is a town in the district of Esslingen in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in southern Germany. It is located approximately 8 km southeast of Stuttgart. It was formed in 1975 out of a fusion of the previously separate boroughs of Nellingen (including Parksiedlung), Ruit, Kemnat and Scharnhausen and currently has approximately 37,000 inhabitants.", "Q179296": "Achille Delattre (24 August 1879 \u2013 13 July 1964) was a Belgian politician and trade unionist.\nBorn in P\u00e2turages, in the Hainaut Province of Belgium, Delattre became a coal miner at the age of twelve. In 1902, he founded a branch of the Belgian Miners' Federation in his village. He spent some time working as a journalist, but from 1914 worked full-time as a trade union organiser and politician.In 1907, Delattre joined the Belgian Labour Party, winning election to the village council, then in 1921 he was elected to the Chamber of Representatives, representing Bergen. The following year, he was elected to the national executive of the Labour Party.In 1927, Delattre was persuaded by Herbert Smith to become secretary of the Miners' International Federation (MIF), the first non-Briton to hold the post. He resigned in 1934, becoming Minister of Labour in Belgium from 1935 until 1939, then served as vice-president of the Labour Party until it was banned in 1940. He also served as Mayor of P\u00e2turages in 1939, and again from the end of World War II.In 1945, Delattre was elected as chair of the Union of Mineworkers of Belgium, and also as president of the MIF. That year, he was one of the former Labour Party politicians who founded the Belgian Socialist Party, and he was also made a Minister of State. He served as Minister for Fuel and Energy from 1947 to 1948, and remained a representative until 1954. He retired from his trade union posts in 1958, but remained Mayor of P\u00e2turages until his death in 1964.", "Q62880": "Heinrich Leopold Wagner (19 February 1747 \u2013 4 March 1779) was a German dramatist.\nWagner was born in Strasbourg and is chiefly known for his 1776 tragedy The Child Murderess. He died, aged 32, in Frankfurt.", "Q368337": "Jon Krakauer (born April 12, 1954) is an American writer and mountaineer. He is the author of best-selling non-fiction books\u2014Into the Wild; Into Thin Air; Under the Banner of Heaven; and Where Men Win Glory: The Odyssey of Pat Tillman\u2014as well as numerous magazine articles. He was a member of an ill-fated expedition to summit Mount Everest in 1996, one of the deadliest disasters in the history of climbing Everest.", "Q88281": "Wilhelmine von Hillern (11 March 1836 Munich \u2013 15 December 1916 Hohenaschau) was a German actress and novelist.", "Q321051": "Georges Christian Peter Imbert (26 March 1884 \u2013 6 February 1950) was a French chemical engineer and inventor. He became famous for the invention of the wood gas generator.", "Q64229": "Alvaneu (Romansh: Alvagni) is a former municipality in the district of Albula in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Alvaschein, Mon, Stierva, Tiefencastel, Alvaneu, Brienz/Brinzauls and Surava merged to form the new municipality of Albula/Alvra.On 20 March 2007 Peter Martin Wettler, a media expert and resident of Zurich was appointed Prince of Belfort by the village's authorities.\n\n", "Q128967": "Sir Edward Richard George Heath (9 July 1916 \u2013 17 July 2005), often known as Ted Heath, was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1974 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1965 to 1975. Heath served 51 years as a Member of Parliament from 1950 to 2001. He was a strong supporter of the European Communities (EC), and after winning the decisive vote in the House of Commons by 336 to 244, he led the negotiations that culminated in Britain's entry into the EC on 1 January 1973. It was, says biographer John Campbell, \"Heath's finest hour\". Although he planned to be an innovator as Prime Minister, his government foundered on economic difficulties, including high inflation and major strikes. He became an embittered critic of Margaret Thatcher, who supplanted him as party leader.\nBorn the child of a carpenter and a maid, Heath was educated at a grammar school and became a leader in student politics at the University of Oxford. He served as an officer in the Royal Artillery during the Second World War. He worked briefly in the Civil Service, but resigned in order to stand for Parliament, and was elected for Bexley in the 1950 general election. He was the Chief Whip from 1955 to 1959. Having entered the Cabinet as Minister of Labour in 1959, he was promoted to Lord Privy Seal and later became President of the Board of Trade. Heath was elected leader of the Conservative Party in 1965; he retained that position despite losing the 1966 general election. Heath became Prime Minister after winning the 1970 general election. In 1971 he oversaw the decimalisation of British coinage, and in 1972 he reformed Britain's system of local government, reducing the number of local authorities and creating a number of new metropolitan counties. He took Britain into the European Economic Community in 1973.\nHeath's premiership also coincided with the height of the Troubles in Northern Ireland, with the suspension of the Stormont Parliament and the imposition of direct British rule. Unofficial talks with Provisional Irish Republican Army delegates were unsuccessful, as was the Sunningdale Agreement of 1973, which led the MPs of the Ulster Unionist Party to withdraw from the Conservative whip. Heath also tried to curb the trade unions with the Industrial Relations Act 1971, and hoped to deregulate the economy and make a transfer from direct to indirect taxation. Rising unemployment in 1972 led him to reflate the economy; he attempted to control the resulting high inflation by a prices and incomes policy. Two miners' strikes, in 1972 and at the start of 1974, damaged the government; the latter caused the implementation of the Three-Day Week to conserve energy. Heath eventually called an election for February 1974 to obtain a mandate to face down the miners' wage demands, but this instead resulted in a hung parliament as the Conservative Party lost their working majority. The opposition Labour Party, despite gaining fewer votes, held four more seats. Heath resigned as Prime Minister after talks with the Liberal Party to form a coalition government were unsuccessful. Despite losing a second general election in October 1974, he vowed to continue as party leader. In February 1975, Margaret Thatcher challenged and defeated him to win the leadership.\nReturning to the backbenches, Heath was openly critical of Thatcherism. He remained a backbench MP until retiring at the 2001 election, serving as the Father of the House for his last nine years in Parliament. Outside politics, Heath was a world-class yachtsman and a talented musician. He died in 2005, aged 89. He is one of four British prime ministers never to have married. Heath's origins were also unusual for a Conservative leader when he was elected. In 2015, the BBC described Heath as \"the first working-class meritocrat\" to become Conservative leader in \"the party's modern history\" and \"a 'One Nation' Tory in the Disraeli tradition who rejected the laissez-faire capitalism that Baroness Thatcher would enthusiastically endorse.\"", "Q80805": "Khaled Mohamed Khaled (born November 26, 1975), known professionally as DJ Khaled, is an American DJ, record executive, songwriter, record producer, author, and media personality. Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, Khaled first gained prominence as a radio host in the 1990s on Miami hip hop station 99 Jamz. His popularity later prompted hip hop group Terror Squad to hire Khaled as the DJ for their live performances. After gaining some production credits on the group's material, Khaled then transitioned into curating albums, releasing his debut studio album Listennn... the Album in 2006, which earned gold certification.\nHe followed that up with the album We the Best (2007), which contained the top 20 single \"I'm So Hood\". His subsequent two releases \u2014 We Global (2008) and Victory (2010) \u2014 were released after the founding of Khaled's record label We the Best Music Group. Both albums charted within the top ten on the US Billboard 200, with the latter containing the single \"All I Do Is Win\", which was eventually certified triple platinum.\nHis fifth studio album We the Best Forever (2011) also saw similar commercial success, and helped bring Khaled to international prominence, as it featured the song \"I'm on One\", which became his first top ten hit. His sixth and seventh album, Kiss the Ring (2012) and Suffering from Success (2013), charted in the top ten on the Billboard 200, and his eighth studio album, I Changed a Lot (2015), peaked at number 12.In 2015 and early 2016, Khaled gained worldwide attention as a media personality, and subsequently attained a large following on social media. This foresaw the release of his ninth studio album Major Key in 2016. The album attained wholesale critical and commercial success; it debuted atop the Billboard 200, it was certified gold, and received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album. He released his tenth studio album, Grateful, in 2017, which contained the singles \"I'm the One\" and \"Wild Thoughts\", which charted at number one and number two on the Billboard Hot 100, respectively. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, and was also certified platinum. His eleventh album, Father of Asahd, was released in 2019; it peaked at number two on the Billboard 200.\nOutside of music, Khaled has also gained success as a writer, with his book The Keys featuring on the New York Times Best Seller list. He has also featured as an actor, starring in Spies in Disguise (2019) and Bad Boys for Life (2020).\n\n", "Q107984": "Hans Drachsler (March 10, 1916 \u2013 October 18, 1996) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nHe was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria between 1970 and 1978, and was a member of the Bundestag.", "Q65137": "Staufen is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q158258": "Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, (Edward George Nicholas Paul Patrick; born 9 October 1935) is a member of the British royal family. He is a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II through their fathers, Prince George, Duke of Kent, and King George VI. Because his mother, Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark was a first cousin of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Edward is both a first cousin once removed and second cousin to Prince Charles and his siblings.\nHe has held the title of Duke of Kent since the age of six, after the death of his father in a plane crash in 1942. He carries out engagements on behalf of the Queen. He is president of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, presenting the trophies to the Wimbledon champion and runner-up, and served as the United Kingdom's Special Representative for International Trade and Investment, retiring in 2001. He is president of The Scout Association, the Royal United Services Institute, and the Royal Institution of Great Britain, and since 1967 Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England. He is also patron of the Institute of Advanced Motorists.", "Q214798": "Sonia Levitin (b. Berlin, August 18, 1934) is a German American novelist, artist, producer, Holocaust Survivor, and author of over forty novels and picture books for young adults and children, as well as several theatrical plays and published essays on various topics for adults.Her book Incident at Loring Groves (1988) won an Edgar Allan Poe Award.", "Q109771": "Hans Schemm (6 October 1891 in Bayreuth \u2013 5 March 1935 in Bayreuth) was a Gauleiter in Nazi Germany.", "Q126792": "Fran\u00e7oise Cactus is a Berlin-based musician and author, best known as co-founder, vocalist, and multi-instrumentalist in the band Stereo Total. Cactus has written several novels as well as contributing to German papers such as the Die Tageszeitung. Prior to founding Stereo Total with Brezel G\u00f6ring in 1993, Cactus played in the West Berlin band die Lolitas, one of only a few Western bands to play officially unsanctioned gigs in East Berlin during the final years of the dictatorship. She is originally from France, having moved to West Berlin in 1985.", "Q167527": "Don Ness (born January 9, 1974) is an American politician who served as the 38th Mayor of Duluth, Minnesota. He is a member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party.\n\n", "Q242051": "Irshad Manji (born 1968) is a Canadian educator and the author of The Trouble with Islam Today (2004) and Allah, Liberty and Love (2011), both of which have been banned in several Muslim countries. Her latest book, Don't Label Me, was published in February 2019. Manji is a senior fellow at the Annenberg Center on Communication Leadership & Policy of the University of Southern California.Manji also produced a PBS documentary in the America at a Crossroads series, titled Faith Without Fear, which was nominated for an Emmy Award in 2008. A former journalist and television presenter, Manji is an advocate of a reformist interpretation of Islam and a critic of literalist interpretations of the Qur'an.", "Q86723": "Johann Joachim Eschenburg (7 December 1743 \u2013 29 February 1820) was a German critic and literary historian.\nHe was born and educated at Hamburg, going on to study at the University of Leipzig and University of G\u00f6ttingen. In 1767 he was appointed tutor, and subsequently professor, at the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig (today TU Braunschweig). The title of Hofrat was conferred on him in 1786, and in 1814 he was made one of the directors of the Carolinum.\nHe is best known for his efforts to popularize English literature in Germany. He published a series of German translations of the principal English writers on aesthetics, such as Charles Burney, Joseph Priestley and Richard Hurd; and also produced the first complete translation in German prose of Shakespeare's plays (William Shakespear's Schauspiele, 13 vols., Z\u00fcrich, 1775\u20131782). This is virtually a revised edition of the incomplete translation published by Christoph Martin Wieland between 1762 and 1766.\nBesides editing, with memoirs, the works of Friedrich von Hagedorn, Zachari\u00e4 and other German poets, he was the author of a Handbuch der klassischen Literatur (1783); Entwurf einer Theorie und Literatur der sch\u00f6nen Wissenschaften (1783); Beispielsammiung zur Theorie und Literatur der sch\u00f6nen Wissenschaften (8 vols, 1788\u20131795); Lehrbuch der Wissenschaftskunde (1792); and Denkm\u00e4ler altdeutscher Dichtkunst (1799). Most of these passed through several editions.\nEschenburg was also a poet, and some of his hymns, e.g. Ich will dich noch im Tod erheben and Dir trau ich, Gott, und wanke nicht, remain well-known.", "Q14241": "Mary Shaw (born 1943) is an American software engineer, and the Alan J. Perlis Professor of Computer Science in the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, known for her work in the field of software architecture.\n\n", "Q99603": "Joachim Erwin (2 September 1949 \u2013 20 May 2008) was a German politician and the Mayor of D\u00fcsseldorf from 1999 until his death in 2008. He was born in Stadtroda, Thuringia, Germany.\nErwin was a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Erwin was married with Hille Erwin and had two children. \nErwin was elected Mayor of D\u00fcsseldorf in 1999. He was credited with helping the city of D\u00fcsseldorf get rid of its pressing debts by selling off certain assets, such as its stake in the RWE AG utility during his tenure in office. He also successfully led the effort to cut spending from D\u00fcsseldorf's budget. (The city of D\u00fcsseldorf is currently populated by approximately 577,000 people and serves as headquarters to several major companies, including E.ON AG and Metro AG, which is Germany's largest retailer.Joachim Erwin died on 20 May 2008 of colorectal cancer in D\u00fcsseldorf at the age of 58.", "Q24382": "Bielefeld University (German: Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld) is a university in Bielefeld, Germany. Founded in 1969, it is one of the country's newer universities, and considers itself a \"reform\" university, following a different style of organization and teaching than the established universities. In particular, the university aims to \"re-establish the unity between research and teaching\", and so all its faculty teach courses in their area of research. The university also stresses a focus on interdisciplinary research, helped by the architecture, which encloses all faculties in one great structure. It is among the first of the German universities to switch some faculties (e.g. biology) to Bachelor/Master-degrees as part of the Bologna process.\nBielefeld University has started an extensive multi-phase modernisation project, which is to be completed by 2025. A total investment of more than 1 billion euros has been planned for this undertaking.", "Q1481050": "London Business School (LBS) is a business school and a constituent college of the federal University of London. LBS was founded in 1964 and awards post-graduate degrees (Master's degrees in management and finance, MBA and PhD). Its motto is \"To have a profound impact on the way the world does business\".\nThe main campus is located in London next to Regent's Park in Sussex Place, built by the architect John Nash. In 2015, the school acquired the Marylebone Town Hall and spent \u00a360 million to refurbish it with the objective of expanding its teaching facilities by 70%. LBS has also acquired the site of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, who are due to vacate the building in November 2019.\nLBS has a secondary campus in Dubai that is dedicated to Executive Education and the Dubai EMBA.LBS was ranked 1st in Europe (2014\u20132019) by the Financial Times and 2nd in the world (for Business and Management Studies; 2017) by the QS ranking. LBS' post-experience Masters in Finance programme is ranked 1st in the world by the Financial Times.", "Q1374080": "Paul B. MacCready Jr. (September 29, 1925 \u2013 August 28, 2007) was an American aeronautical engineer. He was the founder of AeroVironment and the designer of the human-powered aircraft that won the first Kremer prize. He devoted his life to developing more efficient transportation vehicles that could \"Do more with less\".", "Q588271": "Richard Farman (1872\u20131940) was an Anglo-French aeronautical engineer, aviator, and eldest of the Farman brothers who were pioneers of early aviation. He was better known as Dick Farman using the then popular sobriquet in place of the formal Richard.", "Q6010": "Rapping (or rhyming, spitting, emceeing, MCing) is a musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates \"rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular\", which is performed or chanted in a variety of ways, usually over a backing beat or musical accompaniment. The components of rap include \"content\" (what is being said), \"flow\" (rhythm, rhyme), and \"delivery\" (cadence, tone). Rap differs from spoken-word poetry in that it is usually performed in time to musical accompaniment. Rap being a primary ingredient of hip hop music, it is commonly associated with that genre in particular; however, the origins of rap precede hip-hop culture. The earliest precursor to modern rap is the West African griot tradition, in which \"oral historians\", or \"praise-singers\", would disseminate oral traditions and genealogies, or use their rhetorical techniques for gossip or to \"praise or critique individuals.\" Griot traditions connect to rap along a lineage of black verbal reverence, through James Brown interacting with the crowd and the band between songs, to Muhammad Ali's verbal taunts and the poems of The Last Poets. Therefore, rap lyrics and music are part of the \"Black rhetorical continuum\", and aim to reuse elements of past traditions while expanding upon them through \"creative use of language and rhetorical styles and strategies\". The person credited with originating the style of \"delivering rhymes over extensive music\", that would become known as rap, was Anthony \"DJ Hollywood\" Holloway from Harlem, New York.Rap is usually delivered over a beat, typically provided by a DJ, turntablist, beatboxer, or performed a cappella without accompaniment. Stylistically, rap occupies a gray area between speech, prose, poetry, and singing. The word, which predates the musical form, originally meant \"to lightly strike\", and is now used to describe quick speech or repartee. The word had been used in British English since the 16th century. It was part of the African American dialect of English in the 1960s meaning \"to converse\", and very soon after that in its present usage as a term denoting the musical style. Today, the term rap is so closely associated with hip-hop music that many writers use the terms interchangeably.\n\n", "Q42007": "Szombathely (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8somb\u0252th\u025bj]; see also other alternative names) is the 10th largest city in Hungary. It is the administrative centre of Vas county in the west of the country, located near the border with Austria. Szombathely lies by the streams Perint and Gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6s (literally \"pearly\"), where the Alpokalja (Lower Alps) mountains meet the Little Hungarian Plain. The oldest city in Hungary, it is known as the birthplace of Saint Martin of Tours.", "Q96530": "Nahida Lazarus (born February 3, 1849) was a German\u2013Jewish author, essayist, scholar, and literary critic. She was born in Berlin into a German Christian family. She was married first to Dr. Max Remy (in her writings she still signed herself Nahida Remy), after whose death she became a convert to Judaism and married the German philosopher Professor Moritz Lazarus in 1895.\nNahida Lazarus contributed many essays to the Vossische Zeitung, Monatszeitung, and Westermann's Monatshefte about history, art, sociology, and theatrical criticism. She was the author of several dramas, including Die Rechnung ohne Wirth (1870), Wo die Orangen bl\u00fchen (1872), Constanze 1879, Die Grafen Eckardstein (1880), Schicksalswege (1880), Domenico, Nationale Gegens\u00e4tze (1884), Sicilianische Novellen (1885), and Liebeszauber, (1887). She wrote the essays \"Geheime Gewalten\" in 1890, \"Das J\u00fcdische Weib\" in 1892, \"Das Gebet in Bibel und Talmud\" in 1892, \"Kulturstudien \u00fcber das Judentum,\" in 1893, \"Humanit\u00e4t im Judentum,\" in 1894. She wrote \"Ich suchte Dich,\" an autobiography, in 1898. After the death of her husband, she prepared a volume of his \"Lebenserinnerungen\".", "Q202475": "Elizabeth T\u00e9a Pantaleoni (; born February 25, 1966), better known by her stage name T\u00e9a Leoni, is an American actress and producer.\nIn her early career, she starred in the television sitcoms Flying Blind (1992\u201393) and The Naked Truth (1995\u201398). Her breakthrough role was in the 1995 action comedy film Bad Boys. In later years, Leoni had lead roles in films such as Deep Impact (1998), The Family Man (2000), Jurassic Park III (2001), Spanglish (2004) and Fun with Dick and Jane (2005). In 2014, she returned to television in the leading role in the CBS political drama series Madam Secretary.", "Q319041": "The Obersee (German for \"Upper Lake\"), also known as Upper Lake Constance, is the much larger of the two parts of Lake Constance, the other part being the Untersee (\"Lower Lake\").", "Q542578": "U\u011fur Mumcu (pronounced [uu\u027e \u02c8mumd\u0292u]; 22 August 1942 \u2013 24 January 1993) was a Turkish investigative journalist for the daily Cumhuriyet. He was assassinated by a bomb placed in his car outside his home.\n\n", "Q976526": "Simeon Traychev Radev (Bulgarian: \u0421\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043e\u043d \u0422\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0447\u0435\u0432 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0432; 19 January 1879 \u2013 15 February 1967) was a Bulgarian writer, journalist, diplomat and historian, most famous for his three-volume book The Builders of Modern Bulgaria.", "Q75873": "Matthias Theodor Vogt (born 5 May 1959) is a German academic with a focus on cultural policy and an author of studies on cultural conditions that might serve to strengthen the democratic potential in diverse European countries. Between 1992 and 1995, Vogt developed the overall blueprint for the Free State of Saxony\u2019s law on cultural areas, and contributed to its acceptance and implementation. Since 1994 he has acted as the founding director of the Saxonian Institute for Cultural Infrastructure (Institut f\u00fcr kulturelle Infrastruktur Sachsen) and since 1997 has been Professor for Cultural Policy and Cultural History at the Zittau/G\u00f6rlitz University of Applied Sciences (Hochschule Zittau/G\u00f6rlitz). In 2012, Vogt was made honorary professor of the University of P\u00e9cs and in 2014 was awarded the Officer\u2019s Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland for his contributions to German-Polish cooperation. Matthias Theodor Vogt is a Roman Catholic; he is married and has three children.", "Q5784301": "Message to Love (directed and produced by Murray Lerner) is a feature documentary film of the Isle of Wight Festival 1970. The film unsparingly, often comically depicts the myriad problems associated with the famously chaotic festival\u2014the main program of which was held on August 26\u201330, 1970\u2014including gate-crashing, numerous crowd incursions onto the stage, Kris Kristofferson being booed offstage, and head promoter Rikki Farr's rants against the audience, which only intensified as the situation deteriorated: \"We put this festival on, you bastards, with a lot of love! We worked for one year for you pigs! And you wanna break our walls down and you wanna destroy it? Well you go to hell!\" \nIn addition, several near-riots occurred over the price of tickets, as well as during several of the performances that took place over the weekend, especially Jimi Hendrix's last billed performance in England.Due to financial difficulties, Message to Love wasn't released until 1997, 27 years after the event, after premiering at a San Jose film festival in 1995. A CD of the soundtrack was also issued by Castle Communications/Sony Legacy in 1997.\nIn recent years, Lerner's copious 16mm concert footage has been repurposed to create a wealth of complete-performance DVD releases by Hendrix (Blue Wild Angel), Miles Davis (Miles Electric - A Different Kind of Blue), The Who (Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970), Jethro Tull (Nothing Is Easy: Live at the Isle of Wight 1970), Emerson, Lake & Palmer (The Birth Of A Band: Isle of Wight 1970), The Moody Blues (Threshold of a Dream: Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970), Leonard Cohen (Leonard Cohen Live at The Isle of Wight 1970), Free (Free Forever DVD), Taste (What's Going On Live At The Isle of Wight 1970), The Doors (Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970) and Joni Mitchell (Both Sides Now. Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970 ).\nThe film derives its title from a song that Jimi Hendrix performed, and a brief clip is shown during the opening credits.", "Q452019": "Cameron Bright (born Cameron Douglas Crigger; January 26, 1993) is a Canadian actor. He has appeared in the films The Butterfly Effect, Godsend, Birth, Running Scared, Ultraviolet, X-Men: The Last Stand, Thank You for Smoking and four installments of The Twilight Saga.", "Q1349467": "Henri Fabre (29 November 1882 \u2013 30 June 1984) was a French aviator and the inventor of the first successful seaplane, the Fabre Hydravion.Henri Fabre was born into a prominent family of shipowners in the city of Marseille. He was educated in the Jesuit College of Marseilles where he undertook advanced studies in sciences. \nHe intensively studied aeroplane and propeller designs. He patented a system of flotation devices which he used when he succeeded in taking off from the surface of the Etang de Berre on 28 March 1910. On that day, he completed four consecutive flights, the longest about 600 metres. the Hydravion has survived and is displayed in the Mus\u00e9e de l'Air in Paris. Henri Fabre was soon contacted by Glenn Curtiss and Gabriel Voisin who used his invention to develop their own seaplanes.\nAs late as 1971, Fabre he was still sailing his own boat single-handedly in Marseille harbour.He died at the age of 101 as one of the last living pioneers of human flight.", "Q567908": "Venomous Concept is a hardcore punk band formed by Kevin Sharp of Brutal Truth and Shane Embury of Napalm Death in 2004. Sharp and Embury were joined by Danny Herrera and Buzz Osborne, who was later replaced by Danny Lilker. They have released three albums: Retroactive Abortion (2004), Poisoned Apple (2008), and Kick Me Silly VCIII (2016). They have also released two split albums: one with Japanese grindcore band 324 (2006), and the other with Australian extreme metal band Blood Duster (2008). The band's name is a play on Poison Idea, in the style of name-mangling Japanese hardcore acts.", "Q258009": "Man on Fire is a 2004 action thriller film directed by Tony Scott from a screenplay by Brian Helgeland, and based on the 1980 novel of the same name by A. J. Quinnell. The novel had previously been adapted into a feature film in 1987. In this film, Denzel Washington portrays John Creasy, a despondent, alcoholic former Special Activities Division operative/U.S. Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance officer-turned bodyguard, who goes on a revenge rampage after his charge, nine-year-old Lupita \"Pita\" Ramos (Dakota Fanning), is abducted in Mexico City. The supporting cast includes Christopher Walken, Radha Mitchell, Giancarlo Giannini, Marc Anthony, Rachel Ticotin and Mickey Rourke.", "Q354141": "Manuel Garc\u00eda Escobar MML (19 October 1931 \u2013 24 October 2013), better known as Manolo Escobar, was a Spanish singer of Andalusian copla and other Spanish music. He was also an actor and performed in multiple musicals. His popular songs include \"El porompompero\" (1962), \"Mi carro\" (1969), \"La minifalda\", and \"Y viva Espa\u00f1a\".\n\n", "Q455776": "Edward Bellamy (March 26, 1850 \u2013 May 22, 1898) was an American author, journalist, and political activist most famous for his utopian novel, Looking Backward. Bellamy's vision of a harmonious future world inspired the formation of numerous \"Nationalist Clubs\" dedicated to the propagation of Bellamy's political ideas.\nAfter working as a journalist and writing several unremarkable novels, Bellamy published Looking Backward in 1888. Looking Backward was one of the most commercially successful books published in the United States in the 19th century, and it especially appealed to a generation of intellectuals alienated from the dark side of Gilded Age. In the early 1890s, Bellamy established a newspaper known as The New Nation and began to promote united action between the various Nationalist Clubs and the emerging Populist Party. He published Equality, a sequel to Looking Backward, in 1897, and died the following year.", "Q95039": "Robert Rafelson (born February 21, 1933) is an American film director, writer and producer. He is regarded as one of the founders of the New Hollywood movement in the 1970s. Among his best-known films are Five Easy Pieces (1970), The King of Marvin Gardens (1972), and The Postman Always Rings Twice (1981). He was also one of the creators of the pop group and TV series The Monkees with Raybert/BBS Productions partner Bert Schneider. His first wife was the production designer Toby Carr Rafelson. His eldest son is songwriter Peter Rafelson, who co-wrote the hit song \"Open Your Heart\" for Madonna.", "Q342723": "Orvon Grover \"Gene\" Autry (September 29, 1907 \u2013 October 2, 1998), nicknamed The Singing Cowboy, was an American singer, songwriter, actor, musician and rodeo performer who gained fame largely by singing in a crooning style on radio, in films, and on television for more than three decades beginning in the early 1930s. Autry was the owner of a television station, several radio stations in Southern California, and the Los Angeles/California/Anaheim Angels Major League Baseball team from 1961 to 1997.\nFrom 1934 to 1953, Autry appeared in 93 films, and between 1950 and 1956 hosted The Gene Autry Show television series. During the 1930s and 1940s, he personified the straight-shooting hero\u2014honest, brave, and true\u2014and profoundly touched the lives of millions of Americans. Autry was also one of the most important pioneering figures in the history of country music, considered the second major influential artist of the genre's development after Jimmie Rodgers. His singing cowboy films were the first vehicle to carry country music to a national audience. In addition to his signature song, \"Back in the Saddle Again\", and his hit \"At Mail Call Today\", Autry is still remembered for his Christmas holiday songs, most especially his biggest hit \"Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer\" as well as \"Frosty the Snowman\", \"Here Comes Santa Claus\", and \"Up on the House Top\".\nAutry is a member of both the Country Music Hall of Fame and Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and is the only person to be awarded stars in all five categories on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, for film, television, music, radio, and live performance. The town of Gene Autry, Oklahoma, was named in his honor, as was the Gene Autry precinct in Mesa, Arizona.", "Q200262": "The Kingdom of Navarre (; Basque: Nafarroako Erresuma, Spanish: Reino de Navarra, French: Royaume de Navarre, Latin: Regnum Navarrae), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona (Basque: Iru\u00f1eko Erresuma), was a Basque kingdom that occupied lands on either side of the western Pyrenees, alongside the Atlantic Ocean between present-day Spain and France.The medieval state took form around the city of Pamplona during the first centuries of the Iberian Reconquista. The kingdom has its origins in the conflict in the buffer region between the Frankish king Charlemagne and the Umayyad Emirate that controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula. The city of Pamplona (Latin: Pompaelo; Basque: Iru\u00f1ea), had been the main city of the indigenous Vasconic population and was located amid a predominantly Basque-speaking area. In an event traditionally dated to 824, \u00cd\u00f1igo Arista was elected or declared ruler of the area around Pamplona in opposition to Frankish expansion into the region, originally as vassal to the C\u00f3rdoba Emirate. This polity evolved into the Kingdom of Pamplona. In the first quarter of the 10th century the Kingdom was able to briefly break its vassalage under C\u00f3rdoba and expand militarily, but again found itself dominated by C\u00f3rdoba until the early 11th century. A series of partitions and dynastic changes led to a diminution of its territory and to periods of rule by the kings of Aragon (1054\u20131134) and France (1285\u20131328).\nIn the 15th century, another dynastic dispute over control by the king of Aragon led to internal divisions and the eventual conquest of the southern part of the kingdom by Ferdinand the Catholic in 1512 (permanently in 1524). It was annexed by the Courts of Castile to the Crown of Castile in 1515. The remaining northern part of the kingdom was again joined with France by personal union in 1589 when King Henry III of Navarre inherited the French throne as Henry IV of France, and in 1620 it was merged into the Kingdom of France. The monarchs of this unified state took the title \"King of France and Navarre\" until its fall in the French Revolution, and again during the Bourbon Restoration from 1814 until 1830 (with a brief interregnum in 1815).\nToday, significant parts of the ancient Kingdom of Navarre comprise the Spanish autonomous communities of Navarre, Comunidad Aut\u00f3noma Vasca and La Rioja and the French community of Pays Basque.", "Q79091": "Camillo Castiglioni (22 October 1879 \u2013 18 December 1957) was an Italian-Austrian Jewish financier and banker, and was the wealthiest man in Central Europe during World War I. Nicknamed \u201cAustrian Stinnes\u201d, he was active in aviation's pioneering days and invested in the arts. Castiglioni was credited as being instrumental to the founding of what would eventually become BMW AG.\n\n", "Q548733": "Vajiralongkorn (Thai: \u0e27\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e23\u0e32\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13; RTGS: Wachiralongkon), reigning title Phrabat Somdet Phra Vajira Klao Chao Yu Hua (Thai: \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e08\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e23\u0e40\u0e01\u0e25\u0e49\u0e32\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e31\u0e27; born 28 July 1952), is King of Thailand since 2016. He is a well-known playboy and the only son of King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit. In 1972, at the age of 20, he was made crown prince by his father. After his father's death on 13 October 2016, he was expected to accede to the throne of Thailand but asked for time to mourn before taking the throne.He accepted the throne on the night of 1 December 2016. His father was cremated on 26 October 2017. His coronation took place from 4\u20136 May 2019. The Thai government retroactively declared his reign to have begun on 13 October 2016, upon his father's death. As the tenth monarch of the Chakri dynasty, he is also styled as Rama X. Aged 64 at that time, Vajiralongkorn became the oldest Thai monarch to ascend to the throne.In 2019, his net worth was estimated at around US$30 billion.", "Q381768": "Joel Edgerton (born 23 June 1974) is an Australian actor and filmmaker. He has appeared in the films Star Wars: Episode II \u2013 Attack of the Clones (2002), Star Wars: Episode III \u2013 Revenge of the Sith (2005) as a young Owen Lars, Warrior (2011), Zero Dark Thirty (2012), The Great Gatsby (2013), Black Mass (2015), Loving (2016), It Comes at Night (2017), Bright (2017), and Red Sparrow (2018).In Australia, Edgerton portrayed Will McGill in the drama series The Secret Life of Us (2001\u201302), for which he won the AACTA Award for Best Lead Actor in a Television Drama. He has also appeared in several Australian films, such as The Square (2008), Animal Kingdom (2010), for which he won the AACTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Wish You Were Here (2012), and Felony (2013).\nIn 2015, Edgerton received a nomination for the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing \u2013 First-Time Feature Film for The Gift, a psychological horror-thriller film Edgerton wrote, directed, co-produced, and in which he co-starred. Edgerton garnered further critical acclaim for his performance as Richard Loving in the 2016 historical drama Loving, for which he received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. In 2018, he wrote, directed and starred in the drama Boy Erased, about gay conversion therapy.", "Q259317": "Amy Goodman (born April 13, 1957) is an American broadcast journalist, syndicated columnist, investigative reporter, and author. Her investigative journalism career includes coverage of the East Timor independence movement and Chevron Corporation's role in Nigeria. Since 1996, she has been the main host of Democracy Now!, a progressive global news program broadcast daily on radio, television and the Internet. She is the recipient of numerous awards, including the Thomas Merton Award in 2004, a Right Livelihood Award in 2008, and an Izzy Award in 2009 for \"special achievement in independent media\".\nIn 2012, Goodman received the Gandhi Peace Award for a \"significant contribution to the promotion of an enduring international peace\". She is the author of six books, including the 2012 The Silenced Majority: Stories of Uprisings, Occupations, Resistance, and Hope, and the 2016 Democracy Now!: Twenty Years Covering the Movements Changing America. In 2016, she was criminally charged in connection with her coverage of protests of the Dakota Access pipeline. The charges, which were condemned by the Committee to Protect Journalists, were dismissed on October 17, 2016.She was awarded the I.F. Stone Medal for Journalistic Independence by Harvard's Nieman Foundation in 2014.", "Q1780490": "The Communards (French: [k\u0254myna\u0281]) were members and supporters of the short-lived 1871 Paris Commune formed in the wake of the Franco-Prussian War and France's defeat.\nFollowing the war's conclusion, according to historian Benedict Anderson, thousands fled abroad, roughly 20,000 Communards were executed during the Semaine Sanglante (\"Bloody Week\"), and 7,500 were jailed or deported under arrangements which continued until a general amnesty during the 1880s; this action by Adolphe Thiers forestalled the proto-communist movement in the French Third Republic (1871\u20131940).", "Q69282": "Vich is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q92756": "Johan Torkel H\u00e5stad (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u00fb\u02d0an \u02c8h\u01d2\u02d0sta]; born 19 November 1960) is a Swedish theoretical computer scientist most known for his work on computational complexity theory. He was the recipient of the G\u00f6del Prize in 1994 and 2011 and the ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award in 1986, among other prizes. He has been a professor in theoretical computer science at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden since 1988, becoming a full professor in 1992. He is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences since 2001.\nHe received his B.S. in Mathematics at Stockholm University in 1981, his M.S. in Mathematics at Uppsala University in 1984 and his Ph.D. in Mathematics from MIT in 1986.H\u00e5stad's thesis and 1994 G\u00f6del Prize concerned his work on lower bounds on the size of constant-depth Boolean circuits for the parity function. After Andrew Yao proved that such circuits require exponential size, H\u00e5stad proved nearly optimal lower bounds on the necessary size through his switching lemma, which became an important technical tool in circuit complexity with applications to learnability, the IP hierarchy, and proof systems.He also received the 2011 G\u00f6del Prize for his work on optimal inapproximability results. In particular, he improved the PCP theorem (which won the same prize in 2001) to give a probabilistic verifier for NP problems which reads only three bits. Further, he used these results to prove results in hardness of approximation.In 1998 H\u00e5stad was an Invited Speaker of the International Congress of Mathematicians in Berlin. In 1999 he was an Erd\u0151s Lecturer at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 2012, he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. He was elected as an ACM Fellow in 2018 for \"contributions in circuit complexity, approximability and inapproximability, and foundations of pseudorandomness\".\n\n", "Q453461": "Heinz Roemheld (May 1, 1901 \u2013 February 11, 1985) was an American composer.", "Q691798": "Richard John Neuhaus (May 14, 1936 \u2013 January 8, 2009) was a prominent Christian cleric (first in the Lutheran Church\u2013Missouri Synod, then ELCA pastor and later as a Roman Catholic priest) and writer. Born in Canada, Neuhaus moved to the United States where he became a naturalized United States citizen. He was the longtime editor of the Lutheran Forum magazine newsletter and later founder and editor of the monthly journal First Things and the author of numerous books. A staunch defender of the Roman Catholic Church's teachings on abortion and other life issues, he served as an unofficial adviser to 43rd President George W. Bush on bioethical issues.", "Q173234": "Morris Nunn (27 September 1938 \u2013 18 July 2018) was an English motor racing team owner and engineer. He founded and ran the Ensign Formula One team in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and later worked for Chip Ganassi's highly successful Champ Car team, before founding Mo Nunn Racing for the 2000 season. \nAt the urging of Mercedes-Benz Nunn again started a team for the 2002 Indy Racing League season.\nThe team was sponsored by WorldCom and Hollywood (tobacco) and initially hired Tony Kanaan and Felipe Giaffone. Giaffone finished 3rd in the 2002 Indianapolis 500 and Kanaan was leading but crashed in the last laps. A third car driven by Jeff Simmons finished ninth.\nIn 2002, Nunn entered one car each in Champ Car and the rival Indy Racing League. The IRL entry for Giaffone proved more competitive than Kanaan's Champ Car entry, encouraging the team to concentrate purely on IRL a year later. With Toyota and Pioneer backing, the former F1 driver Tora Takagi joined the team. He finished 10th in 2003, while Giaffone missed races because of injuries. He was replaced by Alex Barron, who won the Michigan race. For 2004, only one car was entered, for Takagi, whose performance was not impressive after a heavy crash at Twin Ring Motegi. Other than a joint effort with Fern\u00e1ndez Racing at the 2005 Indianapolis 500, Nunn closed the team in 2005 and retired.", "Q20682": "Knut Jungbohn Clement (born 4 December 1803 in the island of Amrum, Denmark \u2013 7 October 1873 in Bergen, New Jersey) was a Danish linguist.", "Q164748": "Dr. Feliks Steuer (November 5, 1889 \u2013 May 30, 1950) was a Silesian educationist.\nBorn in Z\u00fclkowitz (then Prussian Silesia, now Sulk\u00f3w in Poland), he was educated in Leobsch\u00fctz (Czech: Hlub\u010dice, Polish: G\u0142ubczyce). He studied Slavic languages at the Faculty of Philology in Innsbruck and in the University of Breslau (German: Universit\u00e4t Breslau; Latin: Universitas Wratislaviensis; Polish: Uniwersytet Wroc\u0142awski). During World War I, he fought in the Western Front where was injured and lost his leg.\nAfter the war he was a director in two gymnasiums in Katowice (Upper Silesia). He was an author of several books on Silesian language, and a creator of the Steuer's Silesian Alphabet (Silesian: Steuerowy szrajb\u016fnek).\nSteuer died in Katowice.", "Q1441274": "Jim Fielder (born October 4, 1947 in Denton, Texas) is an American bassist, best known for his work as an original member of Blood, Sweat & Tears.\nFielder attended Loara High School in Anaheim, California. While at Loara, the young Fielder befriended classmates Tim Buckley and Larry Beckett, a relationship that would launch Fielder into the music industry. Prior to joining BS&T he worked with Buckley, and he played in several other notable bands including Mastin & Brewer with Mike Brewer and Billy Mundi, The Mothers of Invention (for whom he played rhythm guitar), and Buffalo Springfield.\nSince his departure from BS&T, Fielder has worked extensively as a session musician. He is currently a standing member of Neil Sedaka's band.", "Q547366": "Mark Thomas Tremonti (born April 18, 1974) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer and author, best known as the lead guitarist of the rock bands Creed and Alter Bridge. He is a founding member of both bands, and has also collaborated with many other artists over the years. He formed his own band, Tremonti, in 2011, releasing the album All I Was in July 2012, followed by Cauterize in June 2015, Dust in April 2016 and A Dying Machine in June 2018. The metal rock opera A Dying Machine has been adapted by Tremonti and science-fiction novelist John Shirley.\nSince his early years with Creed, Tremonti has received positive recognition as a guitarist and songwriter and has received a number of accolades, including one Grammy Award for Creed's single \"With Arms Wide Open.\" He was also named \"Guitarist of the Year\" for three consecutive years by Guitar World, and in 2011 he was listed in Total Guitar magazine as the fourth greatest heavy metal guitarist of all time.", "Q443672": "Vanessa Lengies (born July 21, 1985) is a Canadian actress, dancer and singer. She is known for starring in the drama American Dreams as Roxanne Bojarski. She appeared as Charge Nurse Kelly Epson on the TNT medical drama HawthoRNe, and has appeared in the recurring role of Sugar Motta in the third, fourth, and sixth seasons of the Fox series Glee.", "Q82223": "Walter Defends Sarajevo (Serbo-Croatian: Valter brani Sarajevo/\u0412\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0435\u0432\u043e) is a 1972 Yugoslav partisan film, directed by Hajrudin Krvavac and starring Bata \u017divojinovi\u0107, Ljubi\u0161a Samard\u017ei\u0107 and Rade Markovi\u0107.", "Q284604": "K\u0142odzko ([\u02c8kw\u0254t\u0361sk\u0254] (listen); Czech: Kladsko; German: Glatz; Latin: Glacio) is a town in south-western Poland, in the region of Lower Silesia. It is situated in the centre of the K\u0142odzko Valley, on the Eastern Neisse river. \nK\u0142odzko is the seat of K\u0142odzko County (and of the rural Gmina K\u0142odzko, although the town itself is a separate urban gmina), and is situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (from 1975\u20131998 it was in the former Wa\u0142brzych Voivodeship). With 26,845 inhabitants (2019), K\u0142odzko is the main commercial centre as well as an important transport and tourist node for the area. \nFor its historical monuments it is sometimes referred to as \"Little Prague\" (Polish: Ma\u0142a Praga, German: Klein-Prag). Initially established as a settlement in the 10th century, it is one of the oldest towns in Poland, having been granted city rights in 1233. Culturally and traditionally a part of Bohemia, administratively it has been a part of Silesia since 1763.", "Q112806": "Hans Dresig (31 January 1937 in D\u00f6lau near Halle (Saale), Germany \u2013 25 April 2018 in Lichtenau, Saxony) was a German Professor for Applied mechanics and Theory of Mechanisms and Machines.", "Q1074038": "Hironobu Kageyama (\u5f71\u5c71 \u30d2\u30ed\u30ce\u30d6, Kageyama Hironobu, real name written \u666f\u5c71 \u6d69\u5ba3, born February 18, 1961) is a Japanese musician and singer prominent in the soundtracks for anime, video game and tokusatsu productions. He is sometimes called Kami (Kei) by his fans. Kageyama got his big break at age 16, as lead singer of the rock band Lazy. By the early '80s, the band split and Kageyama went solo. He found major success once he started to sing the theme songs of anime and tokusatsu shows. Becoming immensely popular soon after, Kageyama went on to be dubbed the \"Prince of Anime/Tokusatsu Songs\" and is a main fixture for shows to this day. He also got the nickname \"Mr. DBZ\" by fans of Dragon Ball Z as he did the most songs for that anime. He is the original member and current leader of the anisong band JAM Project. Also, along with Masaaki Endoh, he hosts Anipara Ongakukan, a TV show aired on the Kids Station Channel that shows live performances of the theme songs of recent anime and tokusatsu shows.\nHe is also the voice of Zaruba, a talking ring and sidekick to the titular hero of the tokusatsu franchise Garo, for which JAM Project has performed the opening themes.", "Q47619": "Nadine Gordimer (20 November 1923 \u2013 13 July 2014) was a South African writer, political activist and recipient of the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature. She was recognized as a woman \"who through her magnificent epic writing has \u2013 in the words of Alfred Nobel \u2013 been of very great benefit to humanity\".Gordimer's writing dealt with moral and racial issues, particularly apartheid in South Africa. Under that regime, works such as Burger's Daughter and July's People were banned. She was active in the anti-apartheid movement, joining the African National Congress during the days when the organization was banned, and gave Nelson Mandela advice on his famous 1964 defence speech at the trial which led to his conviction for life. She was also active in HIV/AIDS causes.", "Q1141929": "The Saint Petersburg Military Engineering-Technical University (Nikolaevsky) (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, VITU), previously known as the Saint Petersburg Nikolaevsky Engineering Academy, was established in 1810 under Alexander I. The university is situated in the former barracks of the Cavalier-Guard Regiment where the university was founded.", "Q123403": "Ehrhart Neubert (born 2 August 1940) is a retired German Evangelical minister and theologian.During its final decade he emerged as an opponent of the East German one-party dictatorship, becoming a member of the League of Evangelical Churches in the German Democratic Republic (Bund der Evangelischen Kirchen in der DDR/BEK). Since the collapse of the East German political regime in 1989/90 he has participated prominently on committees and as an author seeking to understand and evaluate it.\n\n", "Q1078602": "The Kingdom of Nepal (Nepali: \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f), also known as the Kingdom of Gorkha or Gorkha Empire (Nepali: \u0917\u094b\u0930\u0916\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f) or Asal Hindustan (Real Land of Hindus), was a Hindu kingdom on the Indian subcontinent, formed in 1768, by the unification of Nepal. Founded by King Prithvi Narayan Shah, a Gorkhali monarch of Rajput origin from medieval India, it existed for 240 years until the abolition of the Nepalese monarchy in 2008. During this period, Nepal was formally under the rule of the Shah dynasty, which exercised varying degrees of power during the kingdom's existence.\nAfter the invasion of Tibet and plundering of Digarcha by Nepali forces under Prince Regent Bahadur Shah in 1792, the Dalai Lama and Chinese Ambans reported to Chinese administration for military support. The Chinese and Tibetan forces under Fu Kang An attacked Nepal but went for negotiation after failure at Nuwakot. MulKaji Damodar Pande was the most influential Kaji among the four Kajis appointed after removal of Bahadur Shah of Nepal even though Chief (Mul) Kaji was Kirtiman Singh Basnyat. MulKaji Damodar Pande tried to protect king Girvan Yuddha Shah and keep Rana Bahadur off of Nepal. However, in 1804, March 4, the former king came back and took over the post of Mukhtiyar and Damodar Pande was then beheaded and killed in Thankot.\nThe 1806 Bhandarkhal massacre instigated upon the death of King Rana Bahadur Shah, set forth the rise of authoritative Mukhtiyar (premier) Bhimsen Thapa who became de facto ruler of Nepal from 1806 to 1837. During the early nineteenth century, however, the expansion of the East India Company's rule in India led to the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814\u20131816), which resulted in Nepal's defeat. Under the Sugauli Treaty, the kingdom retained its independence, but in exchange for territorial concessions making Mechi River to Mahakali River its boundary under Nepalese rule, sometimes known as \"Greater Nepal\". In the political scenario, the death of Prime Minister Mathbar Singh ended the Thapa hegemony and set the stage for Kot massacre which resulted in the ascendancy of the Rana dynasty of Khas Rajput (Chhetri) origin, which made the office of Prime Minister of Nepal hereditary in their family for the next century, from 1843 to 1951. Beginning with Jung Bahadur, the first Rana ruler, the Rana dynasty reduced the Shah monarch to a figurehead role. Rana rule was marked by tyranny, debauchery, economic exploitation and religious persecution.In July 1950, the newly independent republic of India signed a friendship treaty in which both nations agreed to respect the other's sovereignty. In November of the same year, India played an important role in supporting King Tribhuhvan, whom the Rana leader Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana had attempted to depose and replace with his infant grandson King Gyanendra. With Indian support for a new government consisting largely of the Nepali Congress, King Tribhuvan ended the rule of the Rana dynasty in 1951.\nUnsuccessful attempts were made to implement reforms and a constitution during the 1960s and 1970s. An economic crisis at the end of the 1980s led to a popular movement which brought about parliamentary elections and the adoption of a constitutional monarchy in 1990. The 1990s saw the beginning of the Nepalese Civil War (1996\u20132006), a conflict between government forces and the insurgent forces of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). The situation for the Nepalese monarchy was further destabilised by the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre, in which Crown Prince Dipendra reportedly shot and killed ten people, including his father King Birendra, and was himself mortally wounded by what was allegedly a self-inflicted gunshot.\nAs a result of the massacre, King Gyanendra returned to the throne. His imposition of direct rule in 2005 provoked a protest movement unifying the Maoist insurgency and pro-democracy activists. He was eventually forced to restore Nepal's House of Representatives, which in 2007 adopted an interim constitution greatly restricting the powers of the Nepalese monarchy. Following an election held the next year, the Nepalese Constituent Assembly formally abolished the kingdom in its first session on 28 May 2008, declaring the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal in its place.\nUntil the abolition of the monarchy, Nepal was the world's only country to have Hinduism as its state religion; the country is now formally a secular state.", "Q90627": "Ingeborg L\u00fcscher (born June 22, 1936 in Freiberg) is a German/Swiss artist, working with painting, sculpture, photography, installation and video. Her work has been exhibited in many institutional venues around the world, including the Mus\u00e9e d\u2018art moderne de la ville de Paris, the Centre d\u2018Art Contemporain in Geneva, the Kunstmuseum Luzern and the Hamburger Bahnhof in Berlin.\nIn 2011 she was awarded the Meret Oppenheim Prize.\nSince 1967 L\u00fcscher works and lives in Tegna, Ticino, Switzerland.\nShe was first married to the Swiss psychotherapist Max L\u00fcscher, then to the Swiss curator and art historian Harald Szeemann.", "Q2561386": "Abul Kashem Khan (best known as A. K. Khan; 5 April 1905 \u2013 31 March 1991) was a Bangladeshi lawyer, industrialist and politician. In 1945, he founded A K Khan & Company, one of Pakistan's leading conglomerates until 1971, when it became one of Bangladesh's leading conglomerates. Khan served as a member of the Constituent Assembly of India and the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. He was a federal minister of Pakistan and member in the Pakistan National Assembly.", "Q80434": "Aichi Prefecture (\u611b\u77e5\u770c, Aichi-ken, Japanese pronunciation: [ait\u0255i\u0325\ua71cke\u0274]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Ch\u016bbu region of Honsh\u016b. Aichi Prefecture has a population of 7,552,873 (1 October 2019) and a geographic area of 5,172.92 km\u00b2 (1,997.28 sq mi) with a population density of 1,460 persons per km\u00b2. Aichi Prefecture borders Mie Prefecture to the west, Gifu Prefecture and Nagano Prefecture to the north, and Shizuoka Prefecture to the east.\nNagoya is the capital and largest city of Aichi Prefecture, and the fourth-largest city in Japan, with other major cities including Toyota, Okazaki, and Ichinomiya. Aichi Prefecture and Nagoya form the core of the Ch\u016bky\u014d metropolitan area, the third-largest metropolitan area in Japan and one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. Aichi Prefecture is located on Japan's Pacific Ocean coast and forms part of the T\u014dkai region, a subregion of the Ch\u016bbu region and Kansai region. Aichi Prefecture is home to the Toyota Motor Corporation, the world's largest automotive manufacturer, the largest listed company in Japan by market capitalization, and sixth-largest company in the world by revenue, with its headquarters in the city of Toyota. Aichi Prefecture features the Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens, Chubu Centrair International Airport, and Legoland Japan Resort.", "Q12156": "Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma, or death. Symptoms usually begin ten to fifteen days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. If not properly treated, people may have recurrences of the disease months later. In those who have recently survived an infection, reinfection usually causes milder symptoms. This partial resistance disappears over months to years if the person has no continuing exposure to malaria.Malaria is caused by single-celled microorganisms of the Plasmodium group. The disease is most commonly spread by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The mosquito bite introduces the parasites from the mosquito's saliva into a person's blood. The parasites travel to the liver where they mature and reproduce. Five species of Plasmodium can infect and be spread by humans. Most deaths are caused by P. falciparum because P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae generally cause a milder form of malaria. The species P. knowlesi rarely causes disease in humans. Malaria is typically diagnosed by the microscopic examination of blood using blood films, or with antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests. Methods that use the polymerase chain reaction to detect the parasite's DNA have been developed, but are not widely used in areas where malaria is common due to their cost and complexity.The risk of disease can be reduced by preventing mosquito bites through the use of mosquito nets and insect repellents, or with mosquito control measures such as spraying insecticides and draining standing water. Several medications are available to prevent malaria in travellers to areas where the disease is common. Occasional doses of the combination medication sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine are recommended in infants and after the first trimester of pregnancy in areas with high rates of malaria. Despite a need, no effective vaccine exists, although efforts to develop one are ongoing. The recommended treatment for malaria is a combination of antimalarial medications that includes an artemisinin. The second medication may be either mefloquine, lumefantrine, or sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine. Quinine along with doxycycline may be used if an artemisinin is not available. It is recommended that in areas where the disease is common, malaria is confirmed if possible before treatment is started due to concerns of increasing drug resistance. Resistance among the parasites has developed to several antimalarial medications; for example, chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum has spread to most malarial areas, and resistance to artemisinin has become a problem in some parts of Southeast Asia.The disease is widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions that exist in a broad band around the equator. This includes much of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In 2018 there were 228 million cases of malaria worldwide resulting in an estimated 405,000 deaths. Approximately 93% of the cases and 94% of deaths occurred in Africa. Rates of disease have decreased from 2010 to 2014, but increased from 2015 to 2017, during which there were 231 million cases. Malaria is commonly associated with poverty and has a major negative effect on economic development. In Africa, it is estimated to result in losses of US$12 billion a year due to increased healthcare costs, lost ability to work, and negative effects on tourism.", "Q3499700": "Fran Bo\u0161njakovi\u0107 (1902\u20131993) was a noted Croatian thermodynamicist considered to be one of the pioneers in the development of technical thermodynamics.Bo\u0161njakovi\u0107 was born in Zagreb, where he was initially educated. He continued his education at the Technische Hochschule (Technical University) in Dresden, Germany. He obtained there a doctoral degree in engineering in 1928, and in 1931 he became a Privatdozent (university teacher) at the same Technical University.\nWhen Hitler came into power, his further career in Germany was blocked, and he accepted in 1934 the position of an associate professor at the University of Belgrade. He moved back to the University of Zagreb as full professor in 1936. After 1945, during the Yugoslav communist regime, he was degraded to two years of forced labor. In 1951, he became rector of the University of Zagreb in Croatia, then part of Yugoslavia. However, continuing political disagreement with the communist r\u00e9gime in Yugoslavia made him decide to accept one of the research offers in post-war Germany.\nIn 1953, he started lecturing at the Technische Hochschule (Technical University) in Braunschweig in Germany, becoming the head of the Department for thermodynamics and director of the Thermotechnical institute. In 1961, he founded the Institute of Thermodynamics for Aeronautics and Astronautics at the University of Stuttgart, Germany, which he led until his retirement in 1968. There he established groups for Irreversible Thermodynamics, Mass Transfer and Thermokinetics, Radiation and Plasma, and Heat Transfer. After retirement, he spent several years as visiting professor at leading American universities.\nHis research covered a very wide area: problems of exergy, evaporation, binary and multi-component systems, heat and mass transfer, combustion and gasification, high temperature plasma, solar collectors and irreversibility of energy conversion in thermodynamic processes. With M. Jakob he laid down principles of nucleate bubble growth in superheated liquid.\nHis textbook Technische Thermodynamik, published in 1935 in Dresden, had seven improved and extended editions in Germany, and was translated into English (Technical Thermodynamics) and Russian (Tehnicheskaya termodinamika).\nAs one of world's leading experts in thermodynamics, professor Bo\u0161njakovi\u0107 was a member of Academies in Heidelberg and Venice, Braunschweig Society of Sciences and since 1991, a corresponding member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb. He received a Grashof Commemorative Medal of the Verein Deutscher Ingenieure as well as Gold Medals of the Associatione Thermotechnica Italiana, and the Institut Fran\u00e7ais des combustibles et de l'\u00e9nergie.\n\n", "Q202313": "Chad Michael Murray (born August 24, 1981) is an American actor, spokesperson, writer and former fashion model. He is best known for playing Lucas Scott in The WB/CW drama series One Tree Hill (2003\u201309, 2012), a recurring role as Tristan Dugray on The WB/CW series Gilmore Girls (2000\u201301), Charlie Todd in the fifth season of The WB series Dawson\u2019s Creek and war veteran and SSR Agent Jack Thompson in the Marvel/ABC series Agent Carter (2015\u201316). He had starring roles in the films Freaky Friday (2003), A Cinderella Story (2004), House of Wax (2005) and Fruitvale Station (2013). He portrayed Edgar Evernever on The CW show Riverdale (2019).", "Q127665": "Flirting is a 1991 Australian coming-of-age comedy drama film written and directed by John Duigan. The story revolves around a romance between two teenagers, and it stars Noah Taylor, who appears again as Danny Embling, the protagonist of Duigan's 1987 film The Year My Voice Broke. It also stars Thandie Newton and Nicole Kidman.\nFlirting is the second in an incomplete potential trilogy of autobiographical films by Duigan. It was produced by Terry Hayes, Doug Mitchell, Barbara Gibbs and George Miller, and made by Kennedy Miller Studios, who also made the Mad Max Trilogy. The film won the 1990 Australian Film Institute Award for Best Film, as The Year My Voice Broke had in 1987.", "Q7468": "Catherine Grace \"Cady\" Coleman (born December 14, 1960) is an American chemist, a former United States Air Force officer, and a retired NASA astronaut. She is a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions, and departed the International Space Station on May 23, 2011, as a crew member of Expedition 27 after logging 159 days in space.", "Q13248": "Upper Sorbian (hornjoserb\u0161\u0107ina) is a minority language spoken by Sorbs in Germany in the historical province of Upper Lusatia, which is today part of Saxony. It is grouped in the West Slavic language branch, together with Lower Sorbian, Czech, Polish, Slovak and Kashubian.\n\n", "Q734324": "The Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig (unofficially University of Braunschweig \u2013 Institute of Technology), commonly referred to as TU Braunschweig, is the oldest Technische Universit\u00e4t (comparable to an institute of technology in the American system) in Germany. It was founded in 1745 as Collegium Carolinum and is a member of TU9, an incorporated society of the most renowned and largest German institutes of technology. It is commonly ranked among the top universities for engineering in Germany. TU Braunschweig's research profile is very interdisciplinary, but with a focus on aeronautics, vehicle engineering including autonomous driving and electric mobility, manufacturing, life sciences, and metrology. Research is conducted in close collaboration with external organizations such as the German Aerospace Center, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, several Fraunhofer Institutes, and Germany's national metrology institute (PTB), among many others. As one of very few research institutions of its type in the world, the university has its own research airport.", "Q8983": "Alice Superiore (Piedmontese: \u00c0les) is a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Val di Chy in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Turin. It was an independent comune until 2019.", "Q2187392": "Alternative dance or indie dance (also referred to as underground dance in the US) is a musical genre that mixes alternative rock with electronic dance music. Although largely confined to the British Isles, it has gained American and worldwide exposure through acts such as New Order in the 1980s and The Prodigy in the 1990s.", "Q1019": "Madagascar (; Malagasy: Madagasikara), officially the Republic of Madagascar (Malagasy: Repoblikan'i Madagasikara Malagasy pronunciation: [republi\u02c8k\u02b2an mada\u0261as\u02c8k\u02b2ar\u0259\u0325]; French: R\u00e9publique de Madagascar), and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately 400 kilometres (250 miles) off the coast of East Africa. At 592,800 square kilometres (228,900 sq mi) Madagascar is the world's 2nd largest island country. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar (the fourth- largest island in the world) and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from the Indian subcontinent around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment of the rapidly growing human population and other environmental threats.\nThe archaeological evidence of the earliest human foraging on Madagascar may date up to 10,000 years ago. Human settlement of Madagascar occurred between 350 BC and 550 AD by Indianized Austronesian peoples, arriving on outrigger canoes from Indonesia. The social and religious situation of Indonesia during those times were that of Hinduism and Buddhism, along with native Indonesian culture. These were joined around the 9th century AD by Bantu migrants crossing the Mozambique Channel from East Africa. Other groups continued to settle on Madagascar over time, each one making lasting contributions to Malagasy cultural life. The Malagasy ethnic group is often divided into 18 or more subgroups, of which the largest are the Merina of the central highlands.\nUntil the late 18th century, the island of Madagascar was ruled by a fragmented assortment of shifting sociopolitical alliances. Beginning in the early 19th century, most of the island was united and ruled as the Kingdom of Madagascar by a series of Merina nobles. The monarchy ended in 1897 when the island was absorbed into the French colonial empire, from which the island gained independence in 1960. The autonomous state of Madagascar has since undergone four major constitutional periods, termed republics. Since 1992, the nation has officially been governed as a constitutional democracy from its capital at Antananarivo. However, in a popular uprising in 2009, president Marc Ravalomanana was made to resign and presidential power was transferred in March 2009 to Andry Rajoelina. Constitutional governance was restored in January 2014, when Hery Rajaonarimampianina was named president following a 2013 election deemed fair and transparent by the international community. Madagascar is a member of the United Nations, the African Union (AU), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), and the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie.\nMadagascar belongs to the group of least developed countries, according to the United Nations. Malagasy and French are both official languages of the state. The majority of the population adheres to traditional beliefs, Christianity, or an amalgamation of both. Ecotourism and agriculture, paired with greater investments in education, health, and private enterprise, are key elements of Madagascar's development strategy. Under Ravalomanana, these investments produced substantial economic growth, but the benefits were not evenly spread throughout the population, producing tensions over the increasing cost of living and declining living standards among the poor and some segments of the middle class. As of 2017, the economy has been weakened by the 2009\u20132013 political crisis, and quality of life remains low for the majority of the Malagasy population.", "Q448727": "Margot Susanna Adler (April 16, 1946 \u2013 July 28, 2014) was an American author, journalist, lecturer, Wiccan priestess, and New York correspondent for National Public Radio (NPR).", "Q485755": "Tatparanandam Ananda Krishnan (Tamil: \u0ba4. \u0b86\u0ba9\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb7\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0ba9\u0bcd) (born 1 April 1938) is a Malaysian businessman and philanthropist, the Chairman of Usaha Tegas Sdn Bhd and founder of Yu Cai Foundation (YCF). Nicknamed A.K., currently he is estimated to have a net worth of US$7.1 billion according to Forbes' latest annual list of wealthiest people, making him the third-wealthiest in Malaysia and number 217 in the world.Ananda Krishnan shuns public exposure and is known to maintain a low profile for a person of his stature.\nThe Central Bureau of Investigation of India sought arrest warrants for Ananda Krishnan for money laundering and was involved with financing the controversial 1MDB.", "Q128542": "Extreme Ops is a 2002 action thriller film directed by Christian Duguay, written by Michael Zaidan, Timothy Scott Bogart, and Mark Mullin, and starring Devon Sawa, Bridgette Wilson-Sampras, Rupert Graves, and Rufus Sewell. The film's plot centers around a commercial director and three extreme sports enthusiasts who go on their trip to the Alps for a seasonal practice and stunt filming. They are unaware that they are filming on the same location which is originally a hideout of Serbia's most wanted war criminal, Slobodan Pavlov. Pavlov and his henchmen soon find out that the enthusiasts had been watched by the group and rush swiftly to kill the witnesses. Now racing for their lives against the helicopters and expert assassins, the enthusiasts must put their quick extreme sports skills to the test in order to escape the mountain.", "Q441071": "Julie-Marie Parmentier (born 13 June 1981) is a French actress.\nShe began practising theater at nine years old, in her natal town.\nAt the age of fifteen, she played in her first feature film, Petites, by No\u00e9mie Lvovsky. Since then, she has worked with many important directors.\nShe garnered critical acclaim for her roles in films such as Les Blessures Assassines by Jean-Pierre Denis, Charly by Isild Le Besco and No et moi by Zabou Breitman. She has been nominated for the C\u00e9sar Award for Most Promising Actress for her role in Les Blessures Assassines and for which she won a Best Actress Award at the Mar del Plata Film Festival. She has also appeared in such films as Sheitan by Kim Shapiron, Around a Small Mountain by Jacques Rivette and Les Adieux \u00e0 la reine by Beno\u00eet Jacquot.\nShe is also a famous actress on stage. She has collabored for more than ten years with Andr\u00e9 Engel, for who she played, among others, Cordelia in King Lear along Michel Piccoli, and Catherine in La petite Catherine de Heilbronn.\nJulie-Marie worked at the Com\u00e9die-Fran\u00e7aise, where she was praised for Agn\u00e8s in L'\u00e9cole des Femmes and Camille in On ne badine pas avec l'amour.\nShe won the Jean-Jacques Gauthier prize for Best Drama Actress for her monologue La s\u00e9paration des songes by Jean Delabroy directed by Michel Didym.", "Q2399114": "Henry Charles Marie Adolphe Delvaux de Fenffe was Belgian nobleman and high-ranking civil servant.", "Q214565": "Beatrix Potter (, US , 28 July 1866 \u2013 22 December 1943) was an English writer, illustrator, natural scientist, and conservationist best known for her children's books featuring animals, such as those in The Tale of Peter Rabbit.\nBorn into an upper-middle-class household, Potter was educated by governesses and grew up isolated from other children. She had numerous pets and spent holidays in Scotland and the Lake District, developing a love of landscape, flora, and fauna, all of which she closely observed and painted.\nPotter's study and watercolours of fungi led to her being widely respected in the field of mycology. In her thirties, Potter self-published the highly successful children's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit. Following this, Potter began writing and illustrating children's books full-time.\nIn all, Potter wrote thirty books; the best known being her twenty-three children's tales. With the proceeds from the books and a legacy from an aunt, in 1905 Potter bought Hill Top Farm in Near Sawrey, a village in the Lake District which at that time was in Lancashire. Over the following decades, she purchased additional farms to preserve the unique hill country landscape. In 1913, at the age of 47, she married William Heelis, a respected local solicitor from Hawkshead. Potter was also a prize-winning breeder of Herdwick sheep and a prosperous farmer keenly interested in land preservation. She continued to write and illustrate, and to design spin-off merchandise based on her children's books for British publisher Warne until the duties of land management and her diminishing eyesight made it difficult to continue.\nPotter died of pneumonia and heart disease on 22 December 1943 at her home in Near Sawrey at the age of 77, leaving almost all her property to the National Trust. She is credited with preserving much of the land that now constitutes the Lake District National Park. Potter's books continue to sell throughout the world in many languages with her stories being retold in songs, films, ballet, and animations, and her life depicted in a feature film and television film.\n\n", "Q42775": "John R. Cash (born J. R. Cash; February 26, 1932 \u2013 September 12, 2003) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, actor, and author. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 90 million records worldwide. His genre-spanning songs and sound embraced country, rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, folk, and gospel. This crossover appeal won Cash the rare honor of being inducted into the Country Music, Rock and Roll, and Gospel Music Halls of Fame.\nBorn in Arkansas to poor cotton farmers, Cash rose to fame in the prominent country music scene in Memphis, Tennessee, after four years in the United States Air Force. Cash was known for his deep, calm bass-baritone voice, the distinctive sound of his Tennessee Three backing band characterized by train-like chugging guitar rhythms, a rebelliousness coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor, free prison concerts, and a trademark, all-black stage wardrobe, which earned him the nickname \"The Man in Black\". He traditionally began his concerts by simply introducing himself, \"Hello, I'm Johnny Cash,\" followed by his signature song \"Folsom Prison Blues\".\nMuch of Cash's music contained themes of sorrow, moral tribulation, and redemption, especially in the later stages of his career. His other signature songs include \"I Walk the Line\", \"Ring of Fire\", \"Get Rhythm\", and \"Man in Black\". He also recorded humorous numbers like \"One Piece at a Time\" and \"A Boy Named Sue\"; a duet with his future wife, June Carter, called \"Jackson\" (followed by many further duets after their wedding); and railroad songs including \"Hey, Porter\", \"Orange Blossom Special\", and \"Rock Island Line\". During the last stage of his career, Cash covered songs by several late-20th-century rock artists, notably \"Hurt\" by Nine Inch Nails, \"Rusty Cage\" by Soundgarden and \"Personal Jesus\" by Depeche Mode.", "Q263935": "Michael Michele (born Michael Michele Williams, August 30, 1966) is an American actress and fashion designer. She began her career on stage before appearing opposite Wesley Snipes in the 1991 film New Jack City.\nIn the 1990s, Michele had leading roles in two CBS television series: crime drama Dangerous Curves (1992\u201393) and prime time soap opera Central Park West. She later joined the cast of NBC police drama Homicide: Life on the Street (1998\u201399) playing Det. Rene Sheppard, and from 1999 to 2002 played Dr. Cleo Finch in the NBC medical drama ER. She also has appeared in the films The 6th Man (1997), Ali (2001), Dark Blue (2002) and How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days (2003). From 2017 to 2018, Michele starred as Ayanna Floyd in the Fox prime time soap opera Star, and in 2019 she joined The CW prime time soap opera Dynasty as Dominique Deveraux.", "Q1344631": "D12, an initialism for the Dirty Dozen, was an American hip hop group from Detroit, Michigan. D12 has had chart-topping albums in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. D12 was formed in 1996, and achieved mainstream success after Eminem rose to international fame. The original lineup consisted of the members and their alter egos; this is where Eminem's Slim Shady persona originated. D12 released the album Devil's Night in 2001 and D12 World in 2004, spawning numerous hits such as \"Fight Music\", \"Purple Pills\", \"My Band\", \"How Come\" and \"Shit on You\" throughout that period. Since 2006, Eminem's hiatus and the death of Proof resulted in them being less active in subsequent years. On August 31, 2018, Eminem released a song titled \"Stepping Stone\" on his tenth studio album Kamikaze (2018) announcing that D12 has officially disbanded.", "Q52566": "Ralf K\u00f6nig (born 8 August 1960) is one of the best known and most commercially successful German comic book creators. His books have been translated into many languages. He has resided in Soest, Dortmund and Berlin and now lives in Cologne.\n\n", "Q1384373": "Henry Silva (born September 15, 1928) is a retired American film and television actor. A prolific character actor, Silva has been a regular staple of international genre cinema often as a criminal or gangster. Notable film appearances include Ocean's 11 (1960), The Manchurian Candidate (1962), Johnny Cool (1963), Sharky's Machine (1981), and Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai (1999).", "Q199821": "Gran Colombia (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u027ea\u014b ko\u02c8lombja] (listen), \"Greater Colombia\") is the name historians use to refer to the state, then known simply as Colombia, that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. The state included the territories of present-day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela, and parts of northern Peru, western Guyana and northwestern Brazil. The term Gran Colombia is used historiographically to distinguish it from the current Republic of Colombia, which is also the official name of the former state.\nAt the time of its creation, Gran Colombia was the most prestigious country in Spanish America. John Quincy Adams, then Secretary of State and future president of the United States, claimed it to be one of the most powerful nations on the planet. This prestige, added to the figure of Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar, attracted to the nation unionist ideas of independence movements in Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, which sought to form an associated state with the republic.But international recognition of the legitimacy of the Gran Colombian state ran afoul of European opposition to the independence of states in the Americas. Austria, France, and Russia only recognized independence in the Americas if the new states accepted monarchs from European dynasties. In addition, Colombia and the international powers disagreed over the extension of the Colombian territory and its boundaries.Gran Colombia was proclaimed through the Fundamental Law of the Republic of Colombia, issued during the Congress of Angostura (1819), but did not come into being until the Congress of C\u00facuta (1821) promulgated the Constitution of C\u00facuta.\nGran Colombia was constituted as a unitary centralist state. Its existence was marked by a struggle between those who supported a centralized government with a strong presidency and those who supported a decentralized, federal form of government. At the same time, another political division emerged between those who supported the Constitution of C\u00facuta and two groups who sought to do away with the Constitution, either in favor of breaking up the country into smaller republics or maintaining the union but creating an even stronger presidency. The faction that favored constitutional rule coalesced around Vice-President Francisco de Paula Santander, while those who supported the creation of a stronger presidency were led by President Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar. The two of them had been allies in the war against Spanish rule, but by 1825, their differences had become public and were an important part of the political instability from that year onward.\nGran Colombia was dissolved in 1831 due to the political differences that existed between supporters of federalism and centralism, as well as regional tensions among the peoples that made up the republic. It broke into the successor states of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela; Panama was separated from Colombia in 1903. Since Gran Colombia's territory corresponded more or less to the original jurisdiction of the former Viceroyalty of New Granada, it also claimed the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua, the Mosquito Coast.", "Q49620": "Julius Adams Stratton (May 18, 1901 \u2013 June 22, 1994) was a U.S. electrical engineer and university administrator. He attended the University of Washington for one year, where he was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity, then transferred to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), from which he graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1923 and a master's degree in electrical engineering (EE) in 1926. He then followed graduate studies in Europe and the Technische Hochschule of Z\u00fcrich (ETH Zurich), Switzerland, awarded him the degree of Doctor of Science in 1927.", "Q210703": "The Israeli Labor Party (Hebrew: \u05de\u05b4\u05e4\u05b0\u05dc\u05b6\u05d2\u05b6\u05ea \u05d4\u05b8\u05e2\u05b2\u05d1\u05d5\u05b9\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05bc\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b0\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05ea, translit. Mifleget HaAvoda HaYisrelit ), commonly known as HaAvoda (Hebrew: \u05d4\u05b8\u05e2\u05b2\u05d1\u05d5\u05b9\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4 lit. \"The Labor\"), is a social democratic and Zionist political party in Israel. The party is currently under negotiations with Blue and White to implement a merger. The party was established in 1968 by a merger of Mapai, Ahdut HaAvoda and Rafi. Until 1977, all Israeli Prime Ministers were affiliated with the Labor movement. The current party leader (since July 2019) is Amir Peretz.\nThe Labor Party is associated with supporting the Israeli\u2013Palestinian peace process, pragmatic foreign affairs policies and social democratic economic policies. The party is a member of the Progressive Alliance and an observer member of the Party of European Socialists. The party was also a member of the Socialist International until suspending its membership in 2018 over the Socialist International's decision to join the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign.", "Q558252": "Francisco Sionil Jos\u00e9 (born 3 December 1924) is one of the most widely read Filipino writers in the English language. His novels and short stories depict the social underpinnings of class struggles and colonialism in Filipino society. Jos\u00e9's works\u2014written in English\u2014have been translated into 28 languages, including Korean, Indonesian, Czech, Russian, Latvian, Ukrainian and Dutch..", "Q30485": "Pollux (Italian: Polluce) is a mountain in the Pennine Alps on the border between Valais, Switzerland and the Aosta Valley in Italy. It is the lower of a pair of twin peaks (German: Zwillinge), the other being Castor, named after the Gemini twins of Roman mythology. Pollux' peak is at an elevation of 4,092 m (13,425 ft). It is separated from Castor by a pass at 3,847 m (12,621 ft), named Passo di Verra in Italian, Col de Verra in French and Zwillingsjoch in German.\nThe first ascent was by Jules Jacot from Geneva with guides Josef-Marie Perren and Peter Taugwalder (father) on August 1 (the Swiss national day) 1864. Their route was via the Schwarztor, a pass first crossed by John Ball and Gabriel Zumtaugwald in 1845. The impressive north ridge was first climbed by Captain John Percy Farrar (a future President of the Alpine Club) and Wylie Lloyd with guide Josef Pollinger of St. Niklaus in the canton Valais on 18 August 1893.\nAscents are usually made from the Refuge Ottorino Mezzalama (3,036 m), the Monte Rosa hut (2,795 m); if traversing the peaks via Pollux's north ridge, PD+, the Refuge Quintino Sella au F\u00e9lik (3,585 m), and the Rossi-Volante bivouac hut (3,850 m).\nThe first winter and ski ascent of Pollux was by Dr Alfred von Martin and Karl Planck on 7 March 1913.\nThere are also a pair of summits named Pollux and Castor in Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, USA. Located in the Absaroka Range, Pollux is 3,373 m, 65 m higher than its twin.", "Q313578": "Robert Matthew Van Winkle (born October 31, 1967), known professionally as Vanilla Ice, is an American rapper, actor, and television host. Born in South Dallas, and raised in Texas and South Florida, Ice released his debut album, Hooked, in 1989 on Ichiban Records, before signing a contract with SBK Records, a record label of the EMI Group, which released a reformatted version of the album in 1990 under the title To the Extreme, which contained Ice's best-known hits: \"Ice Ice Baby\" and a cover of \"Play That Funky Music\". \"Ice Ice Baby\" was the first hip hop single to top the Billboard charts.\nAlthough he was successful, Ice later regretted his business arrangements with SBK, which had paid him to adopt a more commercial appearance to appeal to a mass audience and published fabricated biographical information without his knowledge. After surviving a suicide attempt, Ice changed his musical style and lifestyle. While his later, less mainstream albums failed to chart or receive much radio airplay, Ice has had an underground following. In 2009, Ice began hosting The Vanilla Ice Project on DIY Network. His latest album, WTF \u2013 Wisdom, Tenacity & Focus, was released in August 2011. After that, Ice signed to Psychopathic Records.", "Q68836": "Vaux-sur-Morges is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Morges.", "Q40162": "Kathleen Spielberg (n\u00e9e Nail; born November 3, 1953) is an American retired actress, best known for her portrayal of Willie Scott, an American nightclub singer and performer in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984), directed by eventual husband Steven Spielberg. Since then, she starred in Dreamscape (1984), Power (1986), Black Rain (1989), Love Affair (1994), Just Cause (1995) and The Love Letter (1999).", "Q5125958": "Clarissa Cordelia (\"Clara\") Moses Cannon (April 21, 1839 \u2013 August 21, 1926) was a Mormon pioneer and a member of the first-ever general presidency of the Primary organization of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). She was the second counselor to general president Louie B. Felt from 1880 to 1895.\nClara Moses was born in Westfield, Massachusetts. In 1846 she took the six-month journey on the ship Brooklyn from New York City to San Francisco via Cape Horn and the Sandwich Islands. Instead of traveling on to Utah Territory, she settled in San Francisco. In 1859, she married William H. Mason; they had two children. William Mason died in 1868.\nClara moved to Salt Lake City and in 1875 she became a plural wife of Angus M. Cannon, who would later be prosecuted for unlawful cohabitation under the Edmunds Act; the case of Cannon v. United States eventually went to the United States Supreme Court. Clara and Angus Cannon had three children together. Prior to her service in the general Primary presidency, Clara Cannon was a counselor in the presidencies of the Primary and Relief Society in the Salt Lake Stake of the LDS Church. When Louie B. Felt became the first general presidency of the Primary, Matilda M. Barratt and Cannon were selected as Felt's counselors. Cannon was a counselor until 1895; the next year she was succeeded in the position by Josephine R. West.", "Q155581": "Wenceslaus II P\u0159emyslid (Czech: V\u00e1clav II.; Polish: Wac\u0142aw II Czeski; 27 September 1271 \u2013 21 June 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278\u20131305), Duke of Cracow (1291\u20131305), and King of Poland (1300\u20131305).\nHe was the only son of King Ottokar II of Bohemia and Ottokar's second wife Kunigunda. He was born in 1271, ten years after the marriage of his parents. Kunigunda was the daughter of Rostislav Mikhailovich, lord of Slavonia, son of a Grand Prince of Kiev, and Anna of Hungary, daughter of B\u00e9la IV of Hungary. His great-grandfather was the German king Philip of Swabia. Wenceslaus II was the grandfather of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV. He was a member of the P\u0159emyslid dynasty.\n\n", "Q582748": "William Bruce Hutchison, (5 June 1901 \u2013 14 September 1992) was a Canadian author and journalist.\nBorn in Prescott, Ontario, Canada, Hutchison was educated in public schools in Victoria, British Columbia. He married Dorothy Kidd McDiarmid in 1925, around the same time that he began his journalism career as a political reporter in Ottawa. He was associate editor for The Winnipeg Free Press from 1944 to 1950. Hutchison was also editor of the Victoria Daily Times from 1950 to 1963, for which he had previously worked as a high-school journalist in approximately 1918. In 1963 Hutchison was made the editorial director to The Vancouver Sun. Hutchison would write for The Vancouver Sun until his death in 1992.\nHe travelled extensively throughout Canada during his career, and was present at the Imperial Conference of 1937. He was widely considered one of Canada's foremost experts on politics and was known in Washington, D.C., as well as Ottawa. He wrote frequently on the subject of current affairs and politics, and also wrote short stories for The Saturday Evening Post, Collier's Weekly, Cosmopolitan, The American Magazine and Liberty.\nHutchison's first book, The Unknown Country, was published in 1942. Commissioned by a U.S. publisher with the intention of making America's new wartime ally better known to the American public, The Unknown Country was also published in Canada, and enjoyed favourable reviews on both sides of the border. It went on to win the 1942 Governor General's award for creative nonfiction.\nIn 1961, Hutchison was the first winner of the award from Distinguished Journalism in the Commonwealth, given by the Royal Society of Arts. In 1967 he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.\nThe Jack Webster Foundation created the Bruce Hutchison Lifetime Achievement Award to recognize people making a lifetime of contribution to the field of journalism in British Columbia.", "Q1299336": "Richard Gordon \"Dick\" Darman (May 10, 1943 \u2013 January 25, 2008) was an American businessman and government official who served in senior positions during the presidencies of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.", "Q962221": "Eric Christian Olsen (born May 31, 1977) is an American actor and producer. He is known for his portrayals of Detective Marty Deeks on the CBS television series NCIS: Los Angeles, and of Austin in the film Not Another Teen Movie.", "Q206161": "Mount Herzl (Hebrew: \u05d4\u05b7\u05e8 \u05d4\u05b6\u05e8\u05b0\u05e6\u05b0\u05dc Har Hertsl), also Har ha-Zikaron (\u05d4\u05b7\u05e8 \u05d4\u05b7\u05d6\u05b4\u05bc\u05db\u05b8\u05bc\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05df lit. \"Mount of Remembrance\"), is the site of Israel's national cemetery and other memorial and educational facilities, found on the west side of Jerusalem beside the Jerusalem Forest. \nIt is named after Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern political Zionism. Herzl's tomb lies at the top of the hill. Yad Vashem, which commemorates the Holocaust, lies to the west of Mt. Herzl. Israel's war dead are also buried there. Mount Herzl is 834 meters above sea level.", "Q302475": "Rob Barrett III (born January 29, 1969) is the rhythm guitarist for the death metal band Cannibal Corpse. He played with the band from 1993 to 1997 and rejoined in 2005. He has cited Gary Moore, Malcolm Young, Randy Rhoads, Eddie Van Halen, Tony Iommi and Steve Vai, among others, as his influences. He currently resides in Tampa, Florida.", "Q432921": "Jennifer \"Jennie\" Ketcham (born February 22, 1983) is an American writer, reality television personality, blogger, artist. She had previously worked as a pornographic actress and film director under the name Penny Flame. Her post-pornographic career appearances, in which she discusses the topic of sex addiction, include The Oprah Winfrey Show, The Tyra Banks Show, The View, Entertainment Tonight, Extra and Lifechangers. Her blog has been featured on Last Call with Carson Daly.", "Q846383": "Epic/Sony Records is a Japanese record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment Japan. Its founder was Shigeo Maruyama.\nBetween 1978 and 1988 the label operated as a wholly owned subsidiary: Epic/Sony Inc. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793eEPIC\u30fb\u30bd\u30cb\u30fc) was established in August 1978 and was folded back into CBS/Sony Group in March 1988.Notable music artists for this company have included Motoharu Sano, Tetsuya Komuro, and Kimiko Itoh.\nIn 2001, it was re-established as Epic Records Japan Inc. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30a8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u30b8\u30e3\u30d1\u30f3, Kabushiki Gaisha Epikku Rekoodo Japan).", "Q123371": "Hans Albert Einstein ( eyen-STYNE, -\u2060SHTYNE; May 14, 1904 \u2013 July 26, 1973) was a Swiss-American engineer and educator, the second child and first son of Albert Einstein and Mileva Mari\u0107. Hans A. Einstein was a long-time professor of Hydraulic Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley.Einstein was widely recognized for his research on sediment transport. To honor his outstanding achievement in hydraulic engineering, the American Society of Civil Engineers established the \"Hans Albert Einstein Award\" in 1988 and the annual award is given to those who have made significant contributions to the field.", "Q19771": "The G20 (or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 19 countries and the European Union (EU). Founded in 1999 with the aim to discuss policy pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability, the G20 has expanded its agenda since 2008 and heads of government or heads of state, as well as finance ministers and foreign ministers, have periodically conferred at summits ever since. It seeks to address issues that go beyond the responsibilities of any one organization.Membership of the G20 consists of 19 individual countries plus the European Union. The EU is represented by the European Commission and by the European Central Bank. Collectively, the G20 economies account for around 90% of the gross world product (GWP), 80% of world trade (or, if excluding EU intra-trade, 75%), two-thirds of the world population, and approximately half of the world land area.\nWith the G20 growing in stature after its inaugural leaders' summit in 2008, its leaders announced on 25 September 2009 that the group would replace the G8 as the main economic council of wealthy nations. Since its inception, the G20's membership policies have been criticized by some intellectuals, and its summits have been a focus for major protests by left-wing groups and anarchists.The heads of the G20 nations held summits twice in 2009 and twice in 2010. Since the November 2011 Cannes summit, G20 summits have been held annually.", "Q190805": "Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. CVD includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, abnormal heart rhythms, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure is estimated to account for approximately 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco accounts for 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that up to 90% of CVD may be preventable. Prevention of CVD involves improving risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating risk factors, such as high blood pressure, blood lipids and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The use of aspirin in people, who are otherwise healthy, is of unclear benefit.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in all areas of the world except Africa. Together CVD resulted in 17.9 million deaths (32.1%) in 2015, up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Diagnosis of disease typically occurs seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.", "Q3311061": "Michel Vennat (born 1941) is a Canadian civil servant, lawyer, businessman, and former President of the Business Development Bank of Canada. He was fired due to the investigation of the 2004 Canadian sponsorship scandal. In August 2006, Federal Courts deemed his firing illegal and, had his term not expired since his dismissal, he would have been reinstated to office.\nBorn in Montreal, Quebec, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Coll\u00e8ge Jean-de-Br\u00e9beuf in 1960 and a Bachelor of Civil Law from the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al in 1963. As a Rhodes Scholar he received a Master of Arts from Merton College, Oxford in 1965. He was created a Queen's Counsel in 1983.\nIn 1965, he joined External Affairs and from 1966 to 1968 was the Special Assistant to the Minister of Finance, Mitchell Sharp. From 1968 to 1970, he was the Special Assistant to Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. In 1970, he joined the Montreal offices of the law firm Stikeman Elliott, becoming a Senior Partner before leaving in 1990. From 1976 to 1981, he was a member of the Board and Chairman of the Canadian Film Development Corporation.\nIn 1991, he was appointed CEO of Westburne Inc. and became CEO of United Westburne Inc. in 1993. From 1994 to 1996, he was the Chairman of the Council for Canadian Unity. In 1998, he was appointed chairman of the Business Development Bank of Canada and served as president and CEO from 2000 until he was fired in 2004. The Federal Court ruled that Michel Vennat had been illegally fired from the BDC in August 2006. Had his term not expired, he would have been reinstated.In 1995, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.\nHe is the father of five children (Catherine, Charles-Alexandre, Frederic-Andre, Michele-Anne, and Phillipe-Olivier) and is married to Marie Anne Tawil. They live in Montreal, Quebec.\n\n", "Q547414": "Algirdas Jonas \"Algis\" Budrys (January 9, 1931 \u2013 June 9, 2008) was a Lithuanian-American science fiction author, editor, and critic. He was also known under the pen names Frank Mason, Alger Rome (in collaboration with Jerome Bixby), John A. Sentry, William Scarff, and Paul Janvier. He is known for the influential 1960 novel Rogue Moon.", "Q711826": "Daniel Hechter (born 30 July 1938) is a French fashion designer, sometimes referred to as the inventor of ready-to-wear or pr\u00eat-\u00e0-porter.\n\n", "Q943589": "Frankie Russel Faison (born June 10, 1949), often credited as Frankie R. Faison, is an American actor known for his role as Deputy Commissioner Ervin Burrell in the HBO series The Wire, as Barney Matthews in the Hannibal Lecter franchise, and as Sugar Bates in the Cinemax series Banshee.\n\n", "Q1157839": "Dale Duesing (born September 26, 1947) is an American baritone. As an opera singer, he has had an international career spanning five decades.Duesing grew up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He studied piano throughout childhood, and enrolled at Lawrence University, majoring in piano performance. He switched to vocal performance while in college, and won the Metropolitan Opera Competition in his final year of study. After traveling to Europe with a Fulbright Scholarship, Duesing made a name for himself there.Duesing has performed at the Metropolitan Opera, San Francisco Opera, Lyric Opera of Chicago, La Scala (as Arlecchino in Ariadne auf Naxos, 1984), Vienna State Opera, Paris Op\u00e9ra, and Covent Garden, among others.He appeared at the Metropolitan from 1979 to 1989 in Ariadne auf Naxos (with Johanna Meier and Ren\u00e9 Kollo), Die Zauberfl\u00f6te (opposite Rita Shane, then Zdzis\u0142awa Donat, as the Queen of Night), Pagliacci (as Silvio, with Carlo Bergonzi and Cornell MacNeil), Don Pasquale (directed by John Dexter), Il barbiere di Siviglia, Pell\u00e9as et M\u00e9lisande (a performance later released on Compact Discs), Peter Grimes (as Ned Keene, opposite Jon Vickers), Billy Budd (with Richard Cassilly, in Dexter's production), and Die Fledermaus (as Dr Falke).\nThe baritone has also sung under the direction of Karl B\u00f6hm, Leonard Bernstein, James Levine, Carlo Maria Giulini, Edo de Waart, Herbert von Karajan, and Seiji Ozawa.\nIn 1993, Duesing received a Grammy Award for his 1991 recording of Samuel Barber's The Lovers with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and was named the Singer of the Year by Opernwelt magazine in 1994. Duesing made his debut as director at Frankfurt Opera with Il viaggio a Reims.Other of his recordings include Cos\u00ec fan tutte (conducted by Bernard Haitink, 1986), Hans Zender's Stephen Climax (with Ronald Hamilton as St Simeon Stylites, 1990), and La vie avec un idiot (conducted by Mstislav Rostropovich, 1992). On DVD are Wozzeck (1996) and Moses und Aron (2009).", "Q511652": "Jagjaguwar is an American independent record label based in Bloomington, Indiana, with offices in New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Austin, London, Paris, Amsterdam, and Berlin. Jagjaguwar is a label included in Secretly Group, which also includes Secretly Canadian and Dead Oceans. Secretly Group includes the three record labels as well as a music publisher known as Secretly Publishing, representing artists, writers, filmmakers, producers, and comedians.", "Q49146": "New London is a seaport city and a port of entry on the northeast coast of the United States, located at the mouth of the Thames River in New London County, Connecticut. It was one of the world's three busiest whaling ports for several decades beginning in the early 19th century, along with Nantucket and New Bedford, Massachusetts. The wealth that whaling brought into the city furnished the capital to fund much of the city's present architecture. The city subsequently became home to other shipping and manufacturing industries, but it has gradually lost most of its industrial heart.\nNew London is home to the United States Coast Guard Academy, Connecticut College, Mitchell College, and The Williams School. The Coast Guard Station New London and New London Harbor is home port to the Coast Guard Cutter Chinook and the Coast Guard's tall ship Eagle. The city had a population of 27,620 at the 2010 census. The Norwich\u2013New London metropolitan area includes 21 towns and 274,055 people.", "Q69296": "Alpnach is a village in the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland. It comprises the villages of Alpnach Dorf, Alpnachstad and Schoried.", "Q89404": "Jacob Levy Moreno (born Iacob Levy; May 18, 1889 \u2013 May 14, 1974) was a Romanian-American psychiatrist, psychosociologist, and educator, the founder of psychodrama, and the foremost pioneer of group psychotherapy. During his lifetime, he was recognized as one of the leading social scientists.", "Q110963": "Koichi Tanaka (\u7530\u4e2d \u8015\u4e00, Tanaka K\u014dichi, born August 3, 1959) is a Japanese electrical engineer who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for developing a novel method for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules with John Bennett Fenn and Kurt W\u00fcthrich (the latter for work in NMR spectroscopy).\n\n", "Q99617": "Benignus Ritter von Safferling (30 November 1825 \u2013 4 September 1895) was a Bavarian General der Infanterie and War Minister under Otto of Bavaria.", "Q42013": "Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat (, also UK: , US: ; Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u200e, romanized: Mu\u1e25ammad \u02beAnwar as-S\u0101d\u0101t, Egyptian Arabic: [m\u00e6\u02c8\u0127\u00e6mm\u00e6d \u02c8\u0294\u0251nw\u0251\u027e ess\u00e6\u02c8d\u00e6\u02d0t]; 25 December 1918 \u2013 6 October 1981) was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. Sadat was a senior member of the Free Officers who overthrew King Farouk in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and a close confidant of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, under whom he served as Vice President twice and whom he succeeded as President in 1970. In 1978, Sadat and Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, signed a peace treaty in cooperation with United States President Jimmy Carter, for which they were recognized with the Nobel Peace Prize.\nIn his eleven years as president, he changed Egypt's trajectory, departing from many of the political and economic tenets of Nasserism, re-instituting a multi-party system, and launching the Infitah economic policy. As President, he led Egypt in the Yom Kippur War of 1973 to regain Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, which Israel had occupied since the Six-Day War of 1967, making him a hero in Egypt and, for a time, the wider Arab World. Afterwards, he engaged in negotiations with Israel, culminating in the Egypt\u2013Israel Peace Treaty; this won he and Menachem Begin the Nobel Peace Prize, making Sadat the first Muslim Nobel laureate. Although reaction to the treaty\u2014which resulted in the return of Sinai to Egypt\u2014was generally favorable among Egyptians, it was rejected by the country's Muslim Brotherhood and the left, which felt Sadat had abandoned efforts to ensure a Palestinian state. With the exception of Sudan, the Arab world and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) strongly opposed Sadat's efforts to make a separate peace with Israel without prior consultations with the Arab states. His refusal to reconcile with them over the Palestinian issue resulted in Egypt being suspended from the Arab League from 1979 to 1989. The peace treaty was also one of the primary factors that led to his assassination; on 6 October 1981, militants led by Khalid Islambouli opened fire on Sadat with automatic rifles during the 6 October parade in Cairo, killing him.", "Q126209": "Catherine Gallagher (born 16 February 1945) is an American historicist literary critic and Victorianist, and is Professor of English at the University of California, Berkeley. Her books include The Body Economic : Life, Death, and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victorian Novel (2005). She is married to Martin Jay, an Intellectual Historian in the History department at Berkeley. \nShe is a recipient of the 2010/2011 Berlin Prize Fellowship from the American Academy in Berlin.\nJacques Barzun Prize in Cultural History (2018)", "Q98509": "Gerhard Botz (born 15 September 1955 in Rudolstadt, Bezirk Gera) is a German politician and member of the SPD.", "Q309246": "The Motorcycle Diaries (Spanish: Diarios de motocicleta) is a 2004 biopic about the journey and written memoir of the 23-year-old Ernesto Guevara, who would several years later become internationally known as the iconic Marxist guerrilla leader and revolutionary Che Guevara. The film recounts the 1952 expedition, initially by motorcycle, across South America by Guevara and his friend Alberto Granado. As well as being a road movie, the film is a coming-of-age film; as the adventure, initially centered on youthful hedonism, unfolds, Guevara discovers himself transformed by his observations on the life of the impoverished indigenous peasantry. Through the characters they encounter on their continental trek, Guevara and Granado witness first hand the injustices that the destitute face and are exposed to people and social classes they would have never encountered otherwise. To their surprise, the road presents to them both a genuine and captivating picture of Latin American identity. As a result, the trip also plants the initial seed of cognitive dissonance and radicalization within Guevara, who would later view armed revolution as a way to challenge the continent's endemic economic inequalities and political repression.\nThe screenplay is based primarily on Guevara's trip diary of the same name, with additional context supplied by Traveling with Che Guevara: The Making of a Revolutionary by Alberto Granado. Guevara is played by Gael Garc\u00eda Bernal (who previously played Che in the 2002 miniseries Fidel), and Granado by the Argentine actor Rodrigo de la Serna, who coincidentally is a second cousin to the real-life Guevara on his maternal side. Directed by Brazilian director Walter Salles and written by Puerto Rican playwright Jos\u00e9 Rivera, the film was an international co-production among production companies from Argentina, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Chile, Peru and France. The film's executive producers were Robert Redford, Paul Webster, and Rebecca Yeldham; the producers were Edgard Tenenbaum, Michael Nozik, and Karen Tenkhoff; and the co-producers were Daniel Burman and Diego Dubcovsky.\n\n", "Q25088": "Muhammad ibn Ali al-Jawwad (Arabic: \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0671\u0628\u0652\u0646 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651 \u0671\u0644\u0652\u062c\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062f\u200e, Mu\u1e25ammad ibn \u02bfAl\u012by al-Jaww\u0101d, c. 12 April 811 \u2013 29 November 835) was the ninth of the Twelve Imams and a descendant of Muhammad. He was also called Abu Ja'far, Ibn al-Ridha (\"the son of al-Riha); al-Jaww\u0101d (\"the generous\") and al-Taq\u012b (\"the pious\"). His role is celebrated by the largest branch of Shia Islam, the Twelver or Athn\u0101\u2018ashariyyah branch. According to Shiite accounts, he was poisoned by his wife and died at age 25, the shortest-lived of the Twelve.", "Q128224": "Tim Willocks is a British physician and novelist (Born 27 October 1957) in Stalybridge, Cheshire, England. Willocks studied medicine at the University College Hospital Medical School and has worked for some years on the rehabilitation of sufferers of drug addiction.\nWillocks holds a second dan black belt in Shotokan karate.", "Q202461": "Roma Maffia (born May 31, 1958) is an American actress.", "Q3499072": "A chef is a trained professional cook and tradesman who is proficient in all aspects of food preparation, often focusing on a particular cuisine. The word \"chef\" is derived from the term chef de cuisine (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0283\u025bf.d\u0259.k\u0265i.zin]), the director or head of a kitchen. Chefs can receive formal training from an institution, as well as by apprenticing with an experienced chef.\nThere are different terms that use the word chef in their titles, and deal with specific areas of food preparation. Examples include a sous-chef, who acts as the second-in-command in a kitchen, a chef de partie, who handles a specific area of production. The kitchen brigade system is a hierarchy found in restaurants and hotels employing extensive staff, many of which use the word \"chef\" in their titles. Underneath the chefs are the kitchen assistants. A chef's standard uniform includes a hat (called a toque), neckerchief, double-breasted jacket, apron and sturdy shoes (that may include steel or plastic toe-caps).", "Q439874": "Corinna \"Cory\" Everson (n\u00e9e Kneuer) (born January 4, 1958) is an American female bodybuilding champion and actress. Cory won the Ms. Olympia contest six years in a row from 1984 to 1989.", "Q290103": "Gina Cristine \"Gia\" Mantegna (born April 17, 1990) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Devin Levin on the ABC sitcom The Middle.", "Q75867": "Kristiane Verena Backer (born 13 December 1965) is an art dealer with a previous career as television presenter, television journalist and author residing in London. She was inspired by Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan and he was the reason behind her conversion to Islam.", "Q238919": "Verla Eileen Regina Brennan (n\u00e9e Brennen; September 3, 1932 \u2013 July 28, 2013) was an American film, stage, and television actress. She made her film debut in the satire Divorce American Style (1967), followed by a supporting role in Peter Bogdanovich's The Last Picture Show (1971), which earned her a BAFTA award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.\nShe gained further critical acclaim for her role as Captain Doreen Lewis in Private Benjamin, for which she received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress. She reprised the role for the television adaptation, winning both a Golden Globe and Emmy for her performance. Brennan also starred in the mystery comedy Clue (1985), and had a minor role in the horror film Jeepers Creepers (2001).\nBrennan also worked prolifically in television, receiving Emmy nominations for her guest-starring roles on Newhart, Thirtysomething, Taxi and Will & Grace.", "Q57350": "General Idriss D\u00e9by Itno (Arabic: \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a\u200e Idr\u012bs Dayb\u012b Itn\u016b; born June 18, 1952) is a Chadian politician who has been the President of Chad since 1990. He is also head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. D\u00e9by is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He took power at the head of a rebellion against President Hiss\u00e8ne Habr\u00e9 in December 1990 and has since survived various rebellions against his own rule. He won elections in 1996 and 2001, and after term limits were eliminated he won again in 2006, 2011, and 2016. He added \"Itno\" to his surname in January 2006. He is a graduate of Muammar Gaddafi's World Revolutionary Center.", "Q115833": "Robert Anthony Lutz (born February 12, 1932) is a Swiss American automotive executive. He served as a top leader of all of the United States Big Three (automobile manufacturers), having been in succession executive vice president (and board member) of Ford Motor Company, president and then vice chairman (and board member) of Chrysler Corporation, and vice chairman of General Motors.", "Q721715": "\u0130smail Nihat Erim (November 30, 1912 \u2013 July 19, 1980) was a Turkish politician and jurist. He served as the 30th Prime Minister of Turkey for almost 14 months after the 1971 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat. He was assassinated in Istanbul in 1980.", "Q1176607": "Rostom Sipan \"Ross\" Bagdasarian (; January 27, 1919 \u2013 January 16, 1972), known professionally by his stage name David Seville, was an American singer-songwriter, record producer, and actor, best known for creating the cartoon band Alvin and the Chipmunks. Initially a stage and film actor, he rose to prominence in 1958 with the songs \"Witch Doctor\" and \"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)\", which both became Billboard number-one singles. He produced and directed The Alvin Show, which aired on CBS in 1961\u201362.", "Q443128": "Stiller and Meara (Jerry Stiller and Anne Meara) were a husband-and-wife comedy duo that was popular primarily in the 1960s and 1970s. They made frequent appearances on television variety shows such as The Ed Sullivan Show.\nStiller and Meara were among the earliest graduates of the Second City improvisational comedy troupe to become famous. When variety shows became scarce in the late 1970s, they had a syndicated short program, only five minutes long, which ran on the NBC affiliate in the Washington, D.C. market immediately after Saturday Night Live. They also did comical radio ads. During the mid-1970s Stiller and Meara made a couple of appearances together on the sitcom Rhoda. (Meara was a semi-regular during that show's third season, and Stiller appeared twice, playing her character's ex-husband.)\nAnne Meara played Veronica Rooney, a cook on Archie Bunker's Place from 1979\u201382. She often made wisecracks and gave Archie a hard time. She insisted that Archie also hire her openly gay nephew Fred as a waiter to help him pay for law school. She was an alcoholic and privately pined to reconcile with her ex-husband, Carmine (who appeared in a few episodes, played by Stiller), but knew it wasn't going to happen. Meara appeared sporadically throughout the show's third season and left the show before the fourth and final year.\nStiller and Meara's career declined, however, as variety series gradually disappeared. The duo's own 1986 TV sitcom, The Stiller and Meara Show, in which Stiller played the deputy mayor of New York City and Meara portrayed his wife, a TV commercial actress, was unsuccessful. Stiller had better luck with his next series, playing George Costanza's father in Seinfeld. \nIn 1999 and from 2003 to 2007, Stiller and Meara reunited on several episodes of The King of Queens, on which Stiller played the supporting role of Arthur Spooner. \nComedians and actors Amy Stiller and Ben Stiller are their real-life children.\nPrior to Meara's death in 2015, the duo were starring in a web series from Red Hour Digital, in which they discussed current topics.", "Q181920": "Anthony Grove \"Tony\" Hillerman (May 27, 1925 \u2013 October 26, 2008) was an American author of detective novels and non-fiction works best known for his Navajo Tribal Police mystery novels. Several of his works have been adapted as theatrical and television movies.", "Q102397": "Miskolc (UK: MEESH-kolts, US: MISH-kohlts, Hungarian: [\u02c8mi\u0283kolt\u0361s] (listen); Czech and Slovak: Mi\u0161kovec; German: Mischkolz; Yiddish: Mishkoltz; Romanian: Mi\u0219col\u021b) is a city in northeastern Hungary, known for its heavy industry. With a population of 161,265 (1st Jan 2014) Miskolc is the fourth largest city in Hungary (behind Budapest, Debrecen, and Szeged). It is also the county capital of Borsod-Aba\u00faj-Zempl\u00e9n and the regional centre of Northern Hungary.", "Q660985": "Lavaux-Oron District is a district in the canton of Vaud.", "Q264914": "Jorge Garcia (born April 28, 1973) is an American actor and comedian. He first came to public attention with his performance as Hector Lopez on the television show Becker, but is probably best known for his portrayal of Hugo \"Hurley\" Reyes in the television series Lost from 2004 to 2010. Garcia performs as a stand-up comedian. He starred in the FOX television series Alcatraz and played a minor character on ABC's Once Upon a Time. He stars as Jerry Ortega on Hawaii Five-0 and can be seen in the Netflix original movie Ridiculous 6. Garcia also appeared on the cover of Weezer's 2010 album Hurley in a close-up shot from a photo he took with vocalist Rivers Cuomo.", "Q64942": "Sumvitg (Romansh pronunciation: [\u02c8sumvit\u0255] (listen)) is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland.", "Q544135": "Robert Ludvigovich Bartini (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438; 14 May 1897 \u2013 6 December 1974) was an Italian-born Soviet aircraft designer and scientist, involved in the development of numerous successful and experimental aircraft projects. A pioneer of amphibious aircraft and ground effect vehicles, Bartini was one of the most famous engineers in the Soviet Union, nicknamed Barone Rosso (Red Baron) because of his noble descent.", "Q291235": "Katherine Pancol (born 22 October 1954) is a journalist and bestselling French novelist. Her books have been translated into some 30 languages, and sold millions of copies worldwide. In the United States, she is known as the author of The Yellow Eyes of Crocodiles (Penguin, 2013) and its sequel, The Slow Waltz of Turtles (Penguin, 2016), both translated by William Rodarmor.\n\n", "Q358747": "Geoffrey Scott (born February 22, 1942 in Hollywood, California) is an American actor and stuntman best known for appearing on the television series Dynasty for two seasons (1982 to 1984) as Mark Jennings, the first husband of Krystle Carrington (played by series star Linda Evans).\nScott also appeared on numerous daytime soap operas, playing Sky Rumson on Dark Shadows in 1970, Jeffrey Jordan on Where the Heart Is in 1972, David McAllister on General Hospital in 1989, and Billy Lewis on Guiding Light in 1994. Scott had a leading role in the HBO sitcom 1st & Ten in the 1980s.\nScott married Tanya Thompson, his high school sweetheart. They had a daughter, Shannon, and later divorced. Scott married producer Carol Engelhart Scott in 1975; they also later divorced. In 1988, he was involved in a serious accident when he was struck by a car while cycling. Both his legs were crushed, but he went on to make a full recovery. He presently lives in Louisville, Colorado, with his wife, Catherine (whom he married in 1993) and their two sons.", "Q349892": "Adam Thomas Jones (born January 15, 1965) is a four-time Grammy Award-winning American musician and visual artist, best known as the guitarist for Tool. Jones has been rated the 75th Greatest Guitarist of all time by the Rolling Stone and placed ninth in Guitar World's Top 100 Greatest metal Guitarists. With experience in special effects and set design in the Hollywood film industry, Jones is also the director of the majority of Tool's music videos.", "Q43325": "Salzburg (Austrian: [\u02c8saltsb\u028a\u0281k]; German: [\u02c8zaltsb\u028a\u0281k] (listen); literally \"Salt Fortress\") is a state (Land) of Austria. It is officially named Land Salzburg, colloquially Salzburgerland, to distinguish it from its eponymous capital Salzburg city and as such is the only state to be named after its capital. By its centuries-long history as an independent Prince-Bishopric, Salzburg's tradition differs from the other Austrian lands.", "Q7332": "Bergen-Belsen [\u02c8b\u025b\u0281\u0261n\u0329.b\u025blsn\u0329], or Belsen, was a Nazi concentration camp in what is today Lower Saxony in northern Germany, southwest of the town of Bergen near Celle. Originally established as a prisoner of war camp, in 1943, parts of it became a concentration camp. Initially this was an \"exchange camp\", where Jewish hostages were held with the intention of exchanging them for German prisoners of war held overseas. The camp was later expanded to accommodate Jews from other concentration camps.\nAfter 1945 the name was applied to the displaced persons camp established nearby, but it is most commonly associated with the concentration camp. From 1941 to 1945, almost 20,000 Soviet prisoners of war and a further 50,000 inmates died there. Overcrowding, lack of food and poor sanitary conditions caused outbreaks of typhus, tuberculosis, typhoid fever and dysentery, leading to the deaths of more than 35,000 people in the first few months of 1945, shortly before and after the liberation.\nThe camp was liberated on April 15, 1945, by the British 11th Armoured Division. The soldiers discovered approximately 60,000 prisoners inside, most of them half-starved and seriously ill, and another 13,000 corpses lying around the camp unburied. The horrors of the camp, documented on film and in pictures, made the name \"Belsen\" emblematic of Nazi crimes in general for public opinion in many countries in the immediate post-1945 period. Today, there is a memorial with an exhibition hall at the site.", "Q202449": "David Allen Ogden Stiers ( STY-\u0259rz; October 31, 1942 \u2013 March 3, 2018) was an American actor, voice actor, and conductor. Born and raised in Illinois, Stiers attended the University of Oregon before enrolling at the Juilliard School in New York City, from where he graduated in 1972. He went on to appear in numerous productions on Broadway, and originated the role of Feldman in The Magic Show, in which he appeared for four years between 1974 and 1978.\nIn 1977, he was cast as Major Charles Emerson Winchester, III, M.D., on the television series M*A*S*H, a role he would portray until the series' conclusion in 1983 and which earned him two Emmy Award nominations. He appeared prominently in the 1980s in the role of District Attorney Michael Reston in several Perry Mason television films, and voiced a number of Disney characters during the 1990s and 2000s, most notably Cogsworth in 1991's Beauty and the Beast, Governor Ratcliffe and Wiggins in 1995's Pocahontas, and Dr. Jumba Jookiba in 2002's Lilo & Stitch, its sequel films, and Lilo & Stitch: The Series. He appeared in television again on the supernatural drama series The Dead Zone as Reverend Gene Purdy, a role he portrayed from 2002 to 2007.\nStiers continued to contribute voice work for films and television productions in his later years, narrating M. Night Shyamalan's Lady in the Water (2006) and having a recurring role on the animated series Regular Show. Stiers spent his later years as a conductor of the Newport Symphony Orchestra. He died at his home in Newport, Oregon, of bladder cancer on March 3, 2018.", "Q287457": "Th\u00f3ra Arn\u00f3rsd\u00f3ttir (\u00de\u00f3ra Arn\u00f3rnsd\u00f3ttir; born Reykjavik 18 February 1975), is an Icelandic documentary film maker, media personality and a candidate for the presidential election in June 2012.\n\n", "Q504511": "Patrick Rambaud (born 21 April 1946) is a French writer.", "Q88732": "Elia Barcel\u00f3 or Elia Eisterer-Barcel\u00f3 (born January 29, 1957) is a Spanish academic and author who lives in Austria.\n\n", "Q166605": "Oscar Kelly Allen Sr. (August 8, 1882 \u2013 January 28, 1936), also known as O. K. Allen, was the 42nd Governor of Louisiana from 1932 to 1936.\nAllen succeeded Alvin Olin King, who served briefly in the state's highest office after Huey Long left the governorship to take a seat in the United States Senate.", "Q53650": "Felix Teodor Hamrin (14 January 1875 \u2013 27 November 1937) was a Swedish politician. He was the leader of the liberal Freeminded People's Party and served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 6 August to 24 September 1932.Hamrin was born in M\u00f6nster\u00e5s in Kalmar County. His father was a dealer in leather. He married Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" Pennycock in 1900. They had seven children.\nAfter studying at a business school in Gothenburg, he ran a wholesaling business in J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping from 1903 to 1930. He entered the Riksdag at the young age of 37, and under Carl Gustaf Ekman he served as Minister of Trade from 1926 to 1928 and as Minister of Finance from 1930 to 1932. When Ekman was forced to resign shortly before the elections in 1932 due to the Kreuger crash, Hamrin became prime minister. He resigned after the election because the Freeminded People's Party had suffered serious losses in the election. His term of office was only 50 days, giving him the record for serving the shortest amount of time as prime minister of Sweden.\nHe served briefly as party leader for the Freeminded People's Party after Ekman, and in the newly formed People's Party until a new party leader was chosen in January 1935. He also served as the governor of J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County from 1930 to 1937. His most important political tasks were to fight the economic effects of the early years of the Depression in Sweden through severe economy measures, and to mitigate the effects of the Kreuger crash.\nHe died in J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping on 27 November 1937.", "Q281998": "Jean-Baptiste Debret (18 April 1768 \u2013 28 June 1848) was a French painter, who produced many valuable lithographs depicting the people of Brazil. Debret won the second prize at the 1798 Salon des Beaux Arts.", "Q358021": "The Witness - A Change of Heart (French: Le T\u00e9moin, Flemish De Getuige) is a 1969 French/Belgian film directed by Anne Walter.", "Q97174": "Joscha Remus is a German author. Remus comes from a bukovinish-Moselle Franconian family. He studied biology, German and philosophy in Trier and Berlin.\nAfter traveling abroad and then working on a medical journal, he trained in Berlin, Rome and London where he worked as a children's physiotherapist developing methods of \"motor intelligence\".\nIn the nineties Joscha Remus began publishing books, travel guides, and prose. It was during a training program for sound engineering at Thorolf Dormer in Berlin that he decided to create a travel audio book series. Since 2006 he has traveled extensively and written and produced several books in an Audio Travel Feature format for the Headroom publishing company in Cologne. In 2010 his series of travel audio books won the German Book Award.\nIn addition to his work as an author, Joscha Remus works as a science and travel journalist. In 2007 he founded the first knowledge cafe in Germany at the Stuttgart Mediothek (a part of Stuttgart City Library). Joscha Remus lives \"on travel\" with resting-points in Berlin and Istanbul (European summer)- and Australia and New Zealand (European winter).", "Q176370": "The Loss of a Teardrop Diamond is a 2008 independent film by director Jodie Markell. It is based on Tennessee Williams' long-forgotten 1957 screenplay, and stars Bryce Dallas Howard in the leading role of Fisher Willow. The film was released on December 30, 2009, making it the last film to be released in the 2000s.", "Q151917": "George Andreas Papandreou (Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5, pronounced [\u029de\u02c8or\u029dios papan\u02c8\u00f0reu], shortened to Giorgos (\u0393\u03b9\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2) [\u02c8\u029dor\u0263os] to distinguish him from his grandfather; born 16 June 1952) is a Greek-American politician who served as Prime Minister of Greece from 2009 to 2011. He is currently serving as an MP for Movement for Change.\nBelonging to a political dynasty of long standing, he served under his father, then-prime minister Andreas Papandreou as Minister for National Education and Religious Affairs (1988\u20131989 and 1994\u20131996) and Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1999 to 2004. Papandreou was leader of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) party, which his father founded, from February 2004 until March 2012, and has been President of the Socialist International since January 2006.\nOn 6 October 2009, George Papandreou became the 182nd Prime Minister of Greece. He was the third member of the Papandreou family to serve as the country's prime minister, following his father Andreas and his grandfather Georgios Papandreou. He resigned on 11 November 2011 during the Greek government debt crisis to make way for a national unity government. \nIn March 2012, he resigned as leader of PASOK, and in January 2015, he left the party completely, founding his own political party, the Movement of Democratic Socialists (KIDISO), which was the 8th most voted-for party in the January 2015 elections, but did not manage to enter Parliament. In 2017, KIDISO joined the Democratic Alignment, a political alliance formed by PASOK and other centre-left parties. Democratic Alignment later evolved into Movement for Change, which in the 2019 elections was the third most voted-for party, with Papandreou himself returning to Parliament as an MP representing the region of Achaea.", "Q81716": "Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (; French: [kul\u0254\u0303]; 14 June 1736 \u2013 23 August 1806) was a French military engineer and physicist. He is best known as the eponymous discoverer of what is now called Coulomb's law, the description of the electrostatic force of attraction and repulsion, though he also did important work on friction. \nThe SI unit of electric charge, the coulomb, was named in his honor in 1908.", "Q139467": "Pope Zachary (Latin: Zacharias; 679 \u2013 March 752) was the bishop of Rome from December 741 to his death. He was the last pope of the Byzantine Papacy. Zachary built the original church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, forbade the traffic of slaves in Rome, negotiated peace with the Lombards, and sanctioned Pepin the Short's usurpation of the Frankish throne from Childeric III. Zachary is regarded as a capable administrator and a skillful and subtle diplomat in a dangerous time.", "Q1025": "Mauritania ( (listen); Arabic: \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u200e, M\u016br\u012bt\u0101ny\u0101, French: Mauritanie; Berber: Agawej or Cengit: Pulaar: Moritani; Wolof: G\u00e0nnaar; Soninke: Murutaane), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (Arabic: \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u200e), is a country in Northwest Africa. It is the eleventh largest sovereign state in Africa and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara to the north and northwest, Algeria to the northeast, Mali to the east and southeast, and Senegal to the southwest.\nThe country derives its name from the ancient Berber kingdom of Mauretania, which existed from the 3rd century BCE into the 7th century CE in the far north of modern-day Morocco and Algeria. Approximately 90% of Mauritania's land is within the Sahara; consequently, the population is concentrated in the south, where precipitation is slightly higher. The capital and largest city is Nouakchott, located on the Atlantic coast, which is home to around one-third of the country's 4.4 million people. The government was overthrown on 6 August 2008, in a military coup d'\u00e9tat led by General Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. On 16 April 2009, Aziz resigned from the military to run for president in the 19 July elections, which he won.\n\n", "Q313550": "Vidal Sassoon (17 January 1928 \u2013 9 May 2012) was a British-American hairstylist, businessman, and philanthropist. He was noted for repopularising a simple, close-cut geometric hair style called the bob cut, worn by famous fashion designers including Mary Quant and film stars such as Mia Farrow, Goldie Hawn, Cameron Diaz, Nastassja Kinski and Helen Mirren.His early life was one of extreme poverty, with seven years of his childhood spent in an orphanage. He quit school at age 14, soon holding various jobs in London during World War II. Although he hoped to become a professional football player, he became an apprentice hairdresser at the suggestion of his mother.\nAfter developing a reputation for his innovative cuts, he moved to Los Angeles in the early 1970s, where he opened the first chain of worldwide hairstyling salons, complemented by a line of hair-treatment products.He sold his business interests in the early 1980s to devote himself to philanthropy. Vidal Sassoon: The Movie, a documentary film about his life, was released in 2010. In 2009, Sassoon was appointed CBE by Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace. In 2012 he was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork \u2013 the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover \u2013 to celebrate the British cultural figures of the last six decades.", "Q4115542": "Abdul Majeed bin Abdul Aziz (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f, \u02bfAbd al-Maj\u012bd bin \u02bfAbd al-\u02bfAz\u012bz \u02be\u0100l Sa\u02bf\u016bd) (1942 \u2013 5 May 2007) was a prominent member of House of Saud. He was seen as a close ally of King Abdullah, but was also regarded as long-time ally of Sudairi Seven.", "Q435900": "Edna Marcellite Garner (; July 3, 1910 \u2013 July 26, 1993), known as Marcellite Garner, was an American artist and voice actress. She is most remembered as the first regular voice of Minnie Mouse during her time working at Walt Disney Productions and has been partially credited with defining Minnie's personality.", "Q57436": "Gjorge Ivanov (Macedonian: \u0403\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, pronounced [\u02c8\u025f\u0254r\u0261\u025b \u02c8ivan\u0254f]; born 2 May 1960) is a Macedonian politician, who served as President of North Macedonia from 2009 to 2019.", "Q782914": "Vladimir Dimitrievich Dudintsev (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, Ukrainian: \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432; July 29, 1918 \u2013 July 23, 1998) was a Ukrainian-born Russian writer who gained fame for his 1956 novel, Not by Bread Alone, published at the time of the Khrushchev Thaw.\nDudintsev, the son of a member of the gentry, attended law school in Moscow and fought during the second world war. After the war, he became a reporter and writer.\nInspired by Soviet apparatchiks refusing to credit a report of a deposit of nickel because Soviet dogma said it was impossible, Dudintsev wrote Not by Bread Alone, the tale of an engineer who is frustrated by bureaucrats when he attempts to bring forth his invention. The novel sparked wild enthusiasm among the Soviet population. Official reaction soon turned against the book, and Dudintsev suffered years of poverty, and was only able to publish occasional works. As the USSR tottered, in 1987, Dudintsev published a novel, The White Robes, for which he was awarded a State Prize the following year. He died in 1998.", "Q66833": "Rickenbach is a municipality in the district of Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q1064217": "Charles Edgar Mckenzie (October 3, 1896 \u2013 June 7, 1956) was a U.S. Representative from Louisiana's 5th congressional district, based in the northeastern quadrant of his state.\n\n", "Q1341761": "Reggie Telmo Valdez (born October 4, 1975), known professionally as Reggie Lee, is a Filipino-American film and television actor. On television, he has played William \"Bill\" Kim on Prison Break and Sergeant Drew Wu on Grimm. In film, he has played Tai Huang in the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise, GCPD Officer Ross in The Dark Knight Rises and Lance Nguyen in The Fast and the Furious.", "Q268690": "Ariane Ascaride (born 10 October 1954) is a French actress and screenwriter. She has appeared in films such as Marius et Jeannette (Marius and Jeannette), Ma vraie vie \u00e0 Rouen (The True Story of My Life in Rouen; USA, My Life on Ice) and \u00c0 la place du coeur (Where the Heart Is). She also starred in and co-wrote the screenplay for Le Voyage en Arm\u00e9nie (Armenia).", "Q535": "Victor Marie Hugo (French: [vikt\u0254\u0281 ma\u0281i y\u0261o] (listen); 7 Vent\u00f4se year X (26 February 1802) \u2013 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement. Hugo is considered to be one of the greatest and best-known French writers. Outside France, his most famous works are the novels Les Mis\u00e9rables, 1862, and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (French: Notre-Dame de Paris), 1831. In France, Hugo is renowned for his poetry collections, such as Les Contemplations (The Contemplations) and La L\u00e9gende des si\u00e8cles (The Legend of the Ages).\nHugo was at the forefront of the Romantic literary movement with his play Cromwell and drama Hernani. Many of his works have inspired music, both during his lifetime and after his death, including the musicals Les Mis\u00e9rables and Notre-Dame de Paris. He produced more than 4,000 drawings in his lifetime, and campaigned for social causes such as the abolition of capital punishment.\nThough a committed royalist when he was young, Hugo's views changed as the decades passed, and he became a passionate supporter of republicanism; his work touches upon most of the political and social issues and the artistic trends of his time. He is buried in the Panth\u00e9on in Paris. His legacy has been honoured in many ways, including his portrait being placed on French currency.", "Q258753": "Azar Nafisi (Persian: \u0622\u0630\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u200e; born 1948) is an Iranian writer and professor of English literature. She has resided in the United States since 1997 and became an American citizen in 2008.Nafisi has been a visiting fellow and lecturer at the Foreign Policy Institute of Johns Hopkins University\u2019s School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) and served on the Board of Trustees of Freedom House. She is the niece of famous Iranian scholar, fiction writer and poet Saeed Nafisi. Azar Nafisi is best known for her 2003 book Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books, which remained on the New York Times Bestseller list for 117 weeks, and has won several literary awards, including the 2004 Non-fiction Book of the Year Award from Booksense.Since Reading Lolita in Tehran, Nafisi has written Things I've Been Silent About: Memories of a Prodigal Daughter and The Republic of Imagination: America in Three Books.", "Q70089": "Christoph Bergner (born 24 November 1948) is a German politician and member of the conservative CDU. Bergner was the 3rd Minister President of Saxony-Anhalt from 1993 until 1994.", "Q539848": "Hangama (Persian: \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u0647) is a popular singer from Afghanistan. When she became a singer her mother chose the name Hangama for her and her real name is Zuhra. She currently lives an exile in Toronto, Canada where she continues her music career. Before her emigration from Afghanistan in the early 1980s, she was counted as one of the most popular female singers of the country. Besides Afghanistan, she is also known in Tajikistan and Iran where she has a fan base\nThis article is incomplete; a correct and complete Persian version about Hangama bio will be uploaded soon. She started her music career in 1975 when she was only 15 years old. She was raised in a music loving family. She was a music student of Ustad NaiNawaz in Kabul.\nIn 1980s she emerged with Ahmad Wali as a very popular musical duo who became the unrivaled singer-couple in the mid 1980s. Their first few songs recorded in Afghanistan and the accompanying videos became immensely popular and those songs remain classics of the Afghan music archives. \nAfter leaving Afghanistan, in 1985, in Germany, Hangama and Ahmad Wali got married. She gave birth to their son named Massieh in 1986.\nIn 1989, when son was only three years old, they divorced. Their love story was hotter than twilight. Their fans are awaiting their reunion.\nShe won the ATN Award as a Best Female singer on November 29, 2008 and she was also nominated for best female singer on Noor TV awards in April 2008 but Naghma won the award.\n\n", "Q172116": "Baron Jacob Adolphe Reinach (17 April 1840 \u2013 19 November 1892), known as Jacques de Reinach was a French banker of Jewish German origin, involved in many major financial deals before being brought down by the Panama scandals. He was the son of Clementine Oppenheim (1822\u20131899) and her husband Adolphe de Reinach (1814\u20131879), Belgian consul in Frankfurt, ennobled in Italy in 1866 and then confirmed as a noble by William I of Germany.\n\n", "Q727416": "Juan Jos\u00e9 Mill\u00e1s (born 1946) is a Spanish writer and winner of the 1990 Premio Nadal. He was born in Valencia and has spent most of his life in Madrid, where he studied philosophy and literature at the Universidad Complutense.", "Q2538": "Joachim Wilhelm Gauck OMRI K.U.O.M. GCB RSerafO (German: [jo\u02c8\u0294axi\u02d0m \u0261a\u028a\u032fk]; born 24 January 1940) is a German politician and civil rights activist who served as President of Germany from 2012 to 2017. A former Lutheran pastor, he came to prominence as an anti-communist civil rights activist in East Germany.During the Peaceful Revolution in 1989, he was a co-founder of the New Forum opposition movement in East Germany, which contributed to the downfall of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and later with two other movements formed the electoral list Alliance 90. In 1990 he was a member of the only freely elected East German People's Chamber in the Alliance 90/The Greens faction. Following German reunification, he was elected as a member of the Bundestag by the People's Chamber in 1990 but resigned after a single day having been chosen by the Bundestag to be the first Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records, serving from 1990 to 2000. He earned recognition in this position as a \"Stasi hunter\" and \"tireless pro-democracy advocate\", exposing the crimes of the communist secret police.He was nominated as the candidate of the SPD and the Greens for President of Germany in the 2010 election, but lost in the third draw to Christian Wulff, the candidate of the government coalition. His candidacy was met by significant approval of the population and the media; Der Spiegel described him as \"the better President\" and the Bild called him \"the president of hearts.\" Later, after Christian Wulff stepped down, Gauck was elected as President with 991 of 1228 votes in the Federal Convention in the 2012 election, as a nonpartisan consensus candidate of the CDU, the CSU, the FDP, the SPD and the Greens.\nA son of a survivor of a Soviet Gulag, Gauck's political life was formed by his own family's experiences with totalitarianism. Gauck was a founding signatory of the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism, together with V\u00e1clav Havel and other statesmen, and of the Declaration on Crimes of Communism. He has called for increased awareness of communist crimes in Europe, and for the necessity of delegitimizing the communist era. As President he was a proponent of \"an enlightened anti-communism\" and he has underlined the illegitimacy of communist rule in East Germany. He is the author and co-author of several books, including The Black Book of Communism. His 2012 book Freedom: A Plea calls for the defense of freedom and human rights around the globe. He has been described by Chancellor Angela Merkel as a \"true teacher of democracy\" and a \"tireless advocate of freedom, democracy, and justice.\" The Wall Street Journal has described him as \"the last of a breed: the leaders of protest movements behind the Iron Curtain who went on to lead their countries after 1989.\" He has received numerous honours, including the 1997 Hannah Arendt Prize.\n\n", "Q1907680": "Barbara Visser (born May 20, 1966 in Haarlem) is a Dutch artist, who works as conceptual artist, photographer, video artist, and performance artist.", "Q2136001": "Thomas Raymond \"Red\" Kelly (August 29, 1927 in Shelby, Montana \u2013 June 9, 2004 in Tacoma, Washington) was an American jazz double-bassist.\nKelly initially took lessons on drums, but he was unable to work the hi-hat because polio had inhibited the use of his feet. He switched to double-bass instead as a teenager and in 1949 began playing bass in a big band led by Charlie Jackson. In the early 1950s he toured with Charlie Barnet, Herbie Fields, Claude Thornhill, and Red Norvo. It was working with Norvo that led to the alias \"Red\"; Kelly and bassist Red Mitchell were living in the same apartment, and when Norvo called Mitchell to invite him to tour, he got Kelly on the phone instead.\nKelly played with Woody Herman for several years, including on a 1954 tour of Europe, and around this time Kelly also recorded with Dick Collins and Nat Pierce. He then relocated to the West Coast, playing briefly in Seattle and then in Los Angeles with Maynard Ferguson, Med Flory, Stan Kenton, and Lennie Niehaus. He was a member of the Modest Jazz Trio with Red Mitchell and Jim Hall, who recorded an album in 1960, and worked with Harry James for most of the 1960s. Later in his life he moved to Tacoma, where he left the music business and ran his own restaurant, Kelly's.", "Q3438858": "Roger D. Landry (January 26, 1934 \u2013 February 1, 2020) was a Canadian businessman who was president and publisher of La Presse.\nBorn in Montreal, he was educated in Montreal, Paris, and London. He started his career with Bell Canada working with the Quebec government and helped to design a mobile telephone network for the S\u00fbret\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec. In 1965, he was named assistant director of public relations for Expo 67 and later was the director in charge of receiving heads of state and important visitors.\nIn 1970, he founded a public relations firm and later joined ITT-Rayonnier as vice-president of administration. In 1977, he became the Vice-President of Marketing and Public Affairs for the Montreal Expos and helped to create the mascot Youppi.\nFrom 1980 to 2000, he was the president and publisher of the Montreal newspaper La Presse.\nHe published his first novel Le Sans tache in 2002.", "Q174573": "Zeng Jinyan (Chinese: \u66fe\u91d1\u71d5; born October 9, 1983), is a Chinese blogger and human rights activist. The wife of AIDS and environmental activist Hu Jia, Zeng became famous for a blog she had maintained throughout the disappearance of her husband, which was believed to be the working of China's secret police. Zeng was put under house arrest in August 2006 and the blog that details her life under constant surveillance and police harassment has been subsequently blocked in China. Zeng continued to update her blog until July 27, 2008, before her disappearance.\nZeng Jinyan and Hu Jia made a 31-minute documentary, \"Prisoners of Freedom City,\" of their seven-month house arrest from August 2006 to March 2007. The couple was placed under house arrest again, two months later on May 18, 2007 for harming state security. Zeng Jinyan is dubbed \"Tiananmen 2.0.\" and selected as TIME Magazine's 100 People Who Shape Our World in 2007 as a hero and a pioneer.One day before the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Zeng Jinyan was forcibly disappeared along with her baby daughter. She used to live in Hong Kong. Currently, she is an Oak Human Rights Fellow at Colby College.", "Q95777": "Heinrich Ludwig Theodor Giesebrecht (5 July 1792 in Mirow \u2013 18 March 1873 in Jasenitz) was a German poet and historian.\nHe studied history at the universities of Berlin and Greifswald, and in the meantime served as a volunteer in a Mecklenburg-Strelitz Hussar regiment during the Befreiungskriege (Wars of Liberation). From 1816 to 1866 he taught classes at the gymnasium in Stettin, attaining the title of professor in 1826. In 1848 he represented Stettin in the Frankfurt National Assembly.He was a good friend of composer Carl Loewe, for whom he wrote the lyrics to numerous oratorios.", "Q2253153": "Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd was a prince of part of Gwynedd. Little is known about him, but he was the son of Owain Gwynedd and Gwladus ferch Llywarch ap Trahaearn, and therefore full brother to Iorwerth Drwyndwn, the father of Llywelyn the Great. On the death of Owain Gwynedd in 1170, Maelgwn received Anglesey as his share of the kingdom, but in 1173, his brother Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd attacked him and forced him to flee to Ireland. He returned later that same year, but was taken prisoner by Dafydd. There is no further record of his fate.", "Q104094": "Fabian Busch (born 1 October 1975) is a German actor. He has appeared in more than sixty films since 1993. Among his best-known films is the film satire Look Who's Back, in which he plays a moviemaker who befriends with Adolf Hitler. He also had supporting roles in Downfall (2004) as Obersturmbannf\u00fchrer Stehr and in The Reader (2008) as Kate Winslet's defense attorney. In addition to acting, Busch also directed and wrote the screenplay for the 2009 short film Edgar.", "Q455038": "The Free Conservative Party (German: Freikonservative Partei, FKP) was a moderate right-wing political party in Prussia and the German Empire which emerged from the German Conservative Party in the Prussian Landtag in 1866. In the federal elections to the Reichstag parliament from 1871, it ran as the German Reich Party (German: Deutsche Reichspartei, DRP).\nThe Free Conservative Association achieved party status in 1867, comprising German nobles and East Elbian Junkers (land owners) like Duke Victor of Ratibor and Karl Rudolf Friedenthal, industrialists and government officials like Johann Viktor Bredt, Hermann von Hatzfeldt, Hermann von Dechend, Prince Karl Max von Lichnowsky or General Hans Hartwig von Beseler and scholars like Hans Delbr\u00fcck and Otto Hoetzsch.\nIt was distinguished from the German Conservative Party established in 1876 by its unqualified support of German unification and was seen as the political party which beside the National Liberals was closest in views to those of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, including his Anti-Socialist Laws and Kulturkampf policies. The party was generally dominated by conservative industrialists and while it opposed political liberalism it also tended to support free trade and the development of industry. Upon the accession of Emperor Wilhelm II in 1888, the party backed his naval policies and the formation of the German colonial empire, approaching towards the German nationalist Pan-German League pressure group while centrists like Adolf Grabowsky did not prevail.\nThe party disbanded in November 1918 following the end of the Hohenzollern monarchy and the German Revolution. Several members had supported the formation of the German Fatherland Party in 1917, now most of its constituency turned to the newly established German National People's Party while some also joined the national liberal German People's Party.", "Q4149": "Neustadt an der Weinstra\u00dfe (formerly known as \"Neustadt an der Haardt\") is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. With 54,000 inhabitants as of 2002, it is the largest town called Neustadt.", "Q472487": "George Allen \"Buddy\" Miles Jr. (September 5, 1947 \u2013 February 26, 2008), was an American rock drummer, guitarist, vocalist, composer, and producer. He was a founding member of the Electric Flag (1967), a member of Jimi Hendrix's Band of Gypsys (1969\u20131970), founder and leader of the Buddy Miles Express and later, the Buddy Miles Band. Miles also played and recorded with Carlos Santana and others. Additionally, he sang lead vocals on the critically and commercially acclaimed \"California Raisins\" claymation TV commercials and recorded two California Raisins R&B albums.", "Q521": "Physiology (; from Ancient Greek \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 (physis), meaning 'nature, origin', and -\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 (-logia), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical functions in a living system. According to the classes of organisms, the field can be divided into medical physiology, animal physiology, plant physiology, cell physiology, and comparative physiology.Central to physiological functioning are biophysical and biochemical processes, homeostatic control mechanisms, and communication between cells. Physiological state is the condition of normal function, while pathological state refers to abnormal conditions, including human diseases.\nThe Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for exceptional scientific achievements in physiology related to the field of medicine.", "Q322799": "Malcolm Paul Mortimore (born 16 June 1953 in Wimbledon, London, England) is a drummer and percussionist who has played with Arthur Brown, Ian Dury, Herbie Flowers, Gentle Giant, Spike Heatley, Tom Jones, G.T. Moore, Mick and Chris Jagger, Oliver Jones and Barney Kessel, Frankie Miller, Chris Spedding, Troy Tate.He is currently regularly touring with Three Friends, Us (Derek Austin, Herbie Flowers, Chris Spedding), and Chris Jagger's Atocha.", "Q48502": "Marika R\u00f6kk (born Marie Karoline R\u00f6kk, 3 November 1913 \u2013 16 May 2004) was a Hungarian dancer, singer and actress who gained prominence in German films in the Nazi era. She resumed her career in 1947 and was one of Europe's most famous operetta singers, performing onstage until 1986.", "Q673735": "The Les Humphries Singers was a 1970s pop group formed in Hamburg, Germany in 1969 by the English-born Les Humphries. The group had several chart hits in Germany and in other European countries. \nThe Les Humphries Singers dissolved at the end of the 1970s and Humphries moved back to England.", "Q87373": "Ulf Miehe (11 May 1940 \u2013 13 July 1989) was a German screenwriter and film director. His 1975 film John Gl\u00fcckstadt was entered into the 25th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q6986": "Gotha (German: [\u02c8\u0261o\u02d0ta\u02d0]) is the fifth-largest city in Thuringia, Germany, located 20 kilometres (12 miles) west of Erfurt and 25 km (16 miles) east of Eisenach with a population of 44,000. The city is the capital of the district of Gotha and was also a residence of the Ernestine Wettins from 1640 until the end of monarchy in Germany in 1918. The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha originating here spawned many European rulers, including the royal houses of the United Kingdom, Belgium, Portugal (until 1910) and Bulgaria (until 1946).\nIn the Middle Ages, Gotha was a rich trading town on the trade route Via Regia and between 1650 and 1850, Gotha saw a cultural heyday as a centre of sciences and arts, fostered by the dukes of Saxe-Gotha. The first duke, Ernest the Pious was famous for his wise rule. In the 18th century, the Almanach de Gotha was first published in the city. The cartographer Justus Perthes and the encyclopedist Joseph Meyer made Gotha a leading centre of German publishing around 1800. In the early 19th century, Gotha was a birthplace of the German insurance business. The SPD was founded in Gotha in 1875 by merging two predecessors. In that period Gotha became an industrial centre, with companies such as the Gothaer Waggonfabrik, a producer of trams and later aeroplanes.\nThe main sights of Gotha are the early-modern Friedenstein Castle, one of the largest Renaissance/Baroque castles in Germany, the medieval city centre and the Gr\u00fcnderzeit buildings of 19th-century commercial boom.\nGotha lies in the southern part of the Thuringian Basin in a flat and agricultural landscape.", "Q298205": "Rita Yahan-Farouz (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d4\u05d0\u05df-\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u200e, Persian: \u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0632\u200e; English: Rita Jahanforuz; b. March 24, 1962), also known mononymously as Rita (formerly Rita Kleinstein, Hebrew: \u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d4 \u05e7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e0\u05e9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05df\u200e), is an Israeli pop singer and actress.In 2011, she became popular in Iran after the release of various pop records which she sings in her native Persian language. In 2012, her album All My Joys, also sung in Persian, was popular in Israel and Iran, going gold in Israel after three weeks. She has since been referred to as a cultural ambassador between Israeli and Iranian citizens, and states she hopes to \"puncture the wall of tension\" between their countries.\n\n", "Q272804": "Emmanuelle Bercot (born 6 November 1967) is a French actress, film director and screenwriter. Her film Cl\u00e9ment was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival. Her 2013 film On My Way premiered in competition at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival.Her 2015 film Standing Tall was selected to open the 2015 Cannes Film Festival. At Cannes, Bercot won the award for Best Actress for her role in Mon roi.", "Q1506665": "Ubaldo Rodr\u00edguez Santos (born May 16, 1958), known professionally as Lalo Rodr\u00edguez, is a Puerto Rican salsa singer and musician best known for his 1988 hit \"Ven, Dev\u00f3rame Otra Vez\".", "Q1473588": "Kenjiro Takayanagi (\u9ad8\u67f3 \u5065\u6b21\u90ce, Takayanagi Kenjir\u014d, January 20, 1899 in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka \u2013 July 23, 1990 in Yokosuka) was a Japanese engineer and a pioneer in the development of television. Although he failed to gain much recognition in the West, he built the world's first all-electronic television receiver, and is referred to as \"the father of Japanese television\".\n\n", "Q120122": "For others of this family, see Ahenobarbus.Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus was a politician in ancient Rome during the late 2nd and early 1st century BC. He served as praetor in Sicily, probably in 96 BC, shortly after the Second Servile War, when slaves had been forbidden to carry arms. He ordered a slave to be crucified for killing a wild boar with a hunting spear. He was consul in 94 BC. In the civil war between Gaius Marius and Sulla, he took the side of the latter, and was murdered at Rome by the praetor Damasippus on the orders of Gaius Marius the Younger.He was the son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, the consul in 122 BC, and brother of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, the consul in 96.", "Q179057": "An explosion is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner, usually with the generation of high temperatures and the release of gases. Supersonic explosions created by high explosives are known as detonations and travel via supersonic shock waves. Subsonic explosions are created by low explosives through a slower burning process known as deflagration.", "Q752089": "Pierre Auguste Roques (28 December 1856 \u2013 26 February 1920) was a French general and creator of the French air force.", "Q4909073": "William Douglas \"Bill\" Gairdner (born October 19, 1940 in Oakville, Ontario) is a retired track and field athlete who represented Canada in the men's 400 m hurdles and the men's decathlon at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He was awarded a silver medal in decathlon event at the 1963 Pan American Games in Brazil.\nGairdner attended Appleby College in Oakville, and is now a resident of Toronto. Following his hurdling career, he applied himself to the field of academia. He gained his first M.A. in 1967 (studying Structural Linguistics at Stanford University) and then earned a second one at the institution in 1969 in English Literature and Creative Writing. A year later he graduated with a Ph.D. in English Literature from Stanford. He is a published author and, among his works, BPS Books have published The Trouble with Canada, The Trouble with Democracy and Oh, Oh, Canada!.", "Q160506": "Saint-Denis (, French: [s\u025b\u0303d(\u0259)ni] (listen)) is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 9.4 km (5.8 mi) from the centre of Paris. Saint-Denis is a subprefecture (French: sous-pr\u00e9fecture) of the department of Seine-Saint-Denis, being the seat of the arrondissement of Saint-Denis.\nSaint-Denis is home to the royal necropolis of the Basilica of Saint-Denis and was also the location of the associated abbey. It is also home to France's national football and rugby stadium, the Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup.\nSaint-Denis is a formerly industrial suburb currently changing its economic base.\nInhabitants of Saint-Denis are called Dionysiens.", "Q440353": "Gwendoline Tracey Philippa Christie (born 28 October 1978) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying Brienne of Tarth in the HBO fantasy-drama series Game of Thrones (2012\u20132019), and the First Order stormtrooper Captain Phasma in Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015) and Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017). For the former, she received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2019.", "Q151903": "Dirty Pretty Things is a 2002 British social thriller film directed by Stephen Frears and written by Steven Knight. Following the lives of two immigrants in London, it was filmed in a documentary style and was produced by BBC Films and Celador Films.", "Q214559": "Ismail I (Persian: \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644\u200e, romanized: Esm\u0101\u02bf\u012bl, pronounced [esm\u0252\u02d0\u0294i\u02d0l]; July 17, 1487 \u2013 May 23, 1524), also known as Shah Ismail I (\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644), was the founder of the Safavid dynasty, ruling from 1501 to 23 May 1524 as Shah of Iran (Persia).\nThe rule of Ismail is one of the most vital in the history of Iran. Before his accession in 1501, Iran, since its conquest by the Arabs eight-and-a-half centuries earlier, had not existed as a unified country under native Iranian rule, but had been controlled by a series of Arab caliphs, Turkic sultans, and Mongol khans. Although many Iranian dynasties rose to power amidst this whole period, it was only under the Buyids that a vast part of Iran proper returned to Iranian rule (945-1055).The dynasty founded by Ismail I would rule for over two centuries, being one of the greatest Iranian empires and at its height being amongst the most powerful empires of its time, ruling all of present-day Iran, Azerbaijan Republic, Armenia, most of Georgia, the North Caucasus, Iraq, Kuwait and Afghanistan, as well as parts of modern-day Syria, Turkey, Pakistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. It also reasserted the Iranian identity in large parts of Greater Iran. The legacy of the Safavid Empire was also the revival of Iran as an economic stronghold between East and West, the establishment of an efficient state and bureaucracy, its architectural innovations and its patronage for fine arts.\nOne of his first actions, was the proclamation of the Twelver sect of Shia Islam to be the official religion of his newly-formed state, which had major consequences for the ensuing history of Iran. Furthermore, this drastic act also gave him a political benefit of separating the growing Safavid state from its strong Sunni neighbors\u2014the Ottoman Empire to the west and the Uzbek confederation to the east. However, it brought into the Iranian body politic the implied inevitability of consequent conflict between the shah, the design of a \"secular\" state, and the religious leaders, who saw all secular states as unlawful and whose absolute ambition was a theocratic state.\nIsmail was also a prolific poet who, under the pen name Kha\u1e6d\u0101\u02be\u012b (which means \"he who made a mistake\" or \"he who was wrong\" in Persian), contributed greatly to the literary development of the Azerbaijani language. He also contributed to Persian literature, though few of his Persian writings survive.", "Q329814": "Brian Harry Freemantle (born 10 June 1936) is an English thriller and non-fiction writer, known for his 1977 spy novel Charlie M.\nFreemantle was born in Southampton, and has written under the pseudonyms John Maxwell, Jonathan Evans, Jack Winchester and Richard Gant. He is a Freeman of the City of London.Until 1975, when he became a full-time writer, he was a foreign correspondent and editor for various newspapers, including the Daily Mail and the Daily Sketch. In April that year, he organised the sole British-led airlift rescue of South Vietnamese civilians during the Fall of Saigon, assisting in the evacuation of 100 orphans, of which Viktoria Cowley was one, aged approximately 18 months.\nBrian and Viktoria, now a grown adult, have been featured in a few documentaries together; the first being BBC One - The Airmail Orphan. He later, made a promotional film for his own books, Open Road Media, in which Viktoria appeared. In another documentary from BBC One Northern Ireland, Viktoria introduces another Vietnamese adoptee from the flight to Brian. Most recently, on 28 March 2018, they both appeared on BBC's The One Show talking about the airlift, adoption and Vietnam.\nViktoria's son, is named Harry, Brian's middle name, in recognition of Operation Babylift back on 6 April 1975. Viktoria and Brian have been in regular contact since they first met in 2010, she is the first Vietnamese adoptee Brian has met and the only adoptee he remains in contact with. She told him: \"You saved my life and those of every other child. On their behalf, and my own, I thank you.\".", "Q255263": "\u00c4nne Bruck (23 August 1907 \u2013 13 December 1978) was a German actress. She appeared in more than 45 films and television shows between 1936 and 1978.\n\n", "Q1031": "France Pre\u0161eren (pronounced [f\u027ean\u02c8ts\u025b p\u027e\u025b\u02c8\u0283e\u02d0\u027e\u0259n] (listen)) (2 or 3 December 1800 \u2013 8 February 1849) was a 19th-century Romantic Slovene poet whose poems have been translated into English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Hungarian, Slovak, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Bengali, as well as to all the languages of former Yugoslavia, and in 2013 a complete collection of his \"Poezije\" (Poems) was translated into French.He has been generally acknowledged as the greatest Slovene classical poet and has inspired virtually all later Slovene literature. He wrote some high quality epic poetry, for example the first Slovene ballad and the first Slovene epic. After his death, he became the leading name of the Slovene literary canon.He tied together the motifs of his own unhappy love with that of an unhappy, subjugated homeland. Especially after World War II in the Slovene Lands, one of Pre\u0161eren's motifs, the \"hostile fortune\", has been adopted by Slovenes as a national myth, and Pre\u0161eren has been described being as ubiquitous as the air in Slovene culture.During his lifetime, Pre\u0161eren lived in conflict with both the civil and religious establishment, as well as with the provincial bourgeoisie of Ljubljana. He fell victim to severe drinking problems and tried to take his life on at least two occasions, facing rejections and seeing most of his closest friends die tragically. His lyric poetry dealt with the love towards his homeland, the suffering humanity, as well as his unfulfilled love towards his muse, Julija Primic.Although he wrote in Slovene, some poems were also written in German. As he lived in Carniola, he at first regarded himself a Carniolan, but gradually took the broader Slovene identity.", "Q167269": "Sir Patrick Head (born 5 June 1946) is co-founder and former Engineering Director of the Williams Formula One team. For 27 years from 1977 Head was technical director at Williams Grand Prix Engineering, and responsible for many innovations within Formula One. Head oversaw the design and construction of Williams cars until May 2004 when his role was handed over to Sam Michael.", "Q401469": "Ahmet R\u0131za Bey (1858 \u2013 26 February 1930) was an Ottoman-born Turkish political activist, scientist, statesman, educational reformer and a prominent member of the Young Turks, during the Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire. \nIn 1908 he became the first President of the revived Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Ottoman Parliament, and in 1912, he was appointed as the President of the Senate (the upper house) as well. He also served as Minister of Education from the Liberal Union party, the main opposition party to the ruling Committee of Union and Progress. In 1908, his name was among the candidates' list for the next Grand Vizier. He was the leading negotiator during the failed agreement of coalition between the Ottoman Empire, France, and Britain for World War I.\nAhmet R\u0131za has been described as a polymath by some authors.", "Q116490": "Max Binder (born 26 November 1947) is a Swiss politician. He was a member of the National Council from the Canton of Zurich from 1991 to 2015 and served as the President (speaker) of the National Council from 2003 to 2004. A farmer by profession, he was member of the parliament of the canton of Zurich from 1985 to 1990. Since 1990, he is a municipal councilor in Illnau-Effretikon in charge of the Health Department. \nHe was elected to the National Council in 1991 as a candidate of the Swiss People's Party and re-elected 11 times. He paid visits to India as deputy Speaker (1993) and Bulgaria and Canada as Speaker (2004).", "Q139473": "Sherbrooke (; French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0283\u025b\u0281b\u0281uk]; Quebec French pronunciation [\u0283\u025b\u0281b\u0281\u028ak]) is a city in southern Quebec, Canada. Sherbrooke is situated at the confluence of the Saint-Fran\u00e7ois (St. Francis) and Magog rivers in the heart of the Estrie administrative region. Sherbrooke is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Sherbrooke. With 161,323 residents at the 2016 census, Sherbrooke was the sixth largest city in the province of Quebec and the thirtieth largest in Canada. The Sherbrooke Census Metropolitan Area had 212,105 inhabitants, making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Quebec and nineteenth largest in Canada.\nOriginally known as Hyatt's Mill, it was renamed after Sir John Coape Sherbrooke (1764\u20131840), a British general who was Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (1812\u20131816), and Governor General of British North America (1816\u20131818); the family is named after Shirebrook, Derbyshire.Sherbrooke is the primary economic, political, cultural and institutional centre of Estrie, and was known as the Queen of the Eastern Townships at the beginning of the 20th century.\nThere are eight institutions educating 40,000 students and employing 11,000 people, 3,700 of whom are professors, teachers and researchers. The direct economic impact of these institutions exceeds 1 billion dollars. The proportion of university students is 10.32 students per 100 inhabitants. In proportion to its population, Sherbrooke has the largest concentration of students in Quebec.Since the nineteenth century, Sherbrooke has been a manufacturing centre. This segment of the economy has experienced a considerable transformation in recent decades as a result of the decline of the city's traditional manufacturing sectors. The service sector occupies a prominent place in the city's economy, alongside a growing knowledge-based economy.The Sherbrooke region is surrounded by mountains, rivers and lakes. There are several ski hills nearby and various tourist attractions in regional flavour. Mont-Bellevue Park, a large park in the city, is used for downhill skiing.", "Q484311": "Keane are an English rock band from Battle, East Sussex, formed in 1995. The band currently comprises Tom Chaplin (lead vocals, electric/acoustic guitar), Tim Rice-Oxley (piano, synthesisers, bass guitar, backing vocals), Richard Hughes (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and Jesse Quin (bass guitar, acoustic/electric guitar, backing vocals). Their original line-up included founder and guitarist Dominic Scott, who left in 2001.\nKeane achieved mainstream, international success with the release of their debut album, Hopes and Fears, in 2004. Topping the UK charts, the album won the 2005 Brit Award for Best British Album and was the second best-selling British album of 2004. It is one of the best-selling albums in UK chart history. Their second album, Under the Iron Sea, released in 2006, topped the UK album charts and debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200. Their third album, Perfect Symmetry, was released in October 2008.\nIn May 2008, both Hopes and Fears (number 13) and Under the Iron Sea (number 8) were voted by readers of Q magazine as among the best British albums ever, with Keane, The Beatles, Oasis and Radiohead the only artists having two albums in the top 20. In 2009, Hopes and Fears was listed as the ninth best-selling album of the 2000s decade in the UK. Their EP, Night Train, was released in May 2010. Their fourth studio album, Strangeland, was released in May 2012, and peaked at number one on the UK Albums Chart.\nKeane are known for using keyboards as the lead instrument instead of guitars, differentiating them from most other rock bands. The inclusion of a distorted piano effect in 2006 and various synthesisers were a common feature in their music which developed on the second and third albums. Keane have sold over 13 million records worldwide.The band released their fifth studio album Cause and Effect on 20 September 2019. It was announced on 6 June 2019 with the release of lead single \"The Way I Feel\".", "Q65490": "Schattenhalb is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. The municipality includes the settlements of Willigen, Geissholz, Falcheren and L\u00fc\u00f6gen.", "Q1757": "Helsinki ( HEL-sink-ee or (listen) hel-SINK-ee, Finnish: [\u02c8helsi\u014bki] (listen); Swedish: Helsingfors [h\u025bls\u026a\u014b\u02c8f\u0254\u0282\u02d0] (listen), Finland Swedish: [helsi\u014b\u02c8fors\u02d0] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland, and has a population of 650,058. The city's urban area has a population of 1,268,296, making it by far the most populous urban area in Finland as well as the country's most important center for politics, education, finance, culture, and research. Helsinki is located 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Tallinn, Estonia, 400 km (250 mi) east of Stockholm, Sweden, and 300 km (190 mi) west of Saint Petersburg, Russia. It has close historical ties with these three cities.\nTogether with the cities of Espoo, Vantaa, and Kauniainen, and surrounding commuter towns, Helsinki forms the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area, which has a population of nearly 1.5 million. Often considered to be Finland's only metropolis, it is the world's northernmost metro area with over one million people as well as the northernmost capital of an EU member state. After Stockholm and Oslo, Helsinki is the third largest municipality in the Nordic countries. Swedish and Finnish are both official languages. The city is served by the international Helsinki Airport, located in the neighboring city of Vantaa, with frequent service to many destinations in Europe and Asia.\nHelsinki was the World Design Capital for 2012, the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics, and the host of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest in 2007.\nHelsinki has one of the highest urban standards of living in the world. In 2011, the British magazine Monocle ranked Helsinki the world's most liveable city in its liveable cities index. In the Economist Intelligence Unit's 2016 liveability survey, Helsinki was ranked ninth among 140 cities.", "Q242079": "5150 Elm's Way (French: 5150, rue des ormes) is a 2009 French-language Canadian psychological thriller drama film directed by \n\u00c9ric Tessier and starring Ren\u00e9-Daniel Dubois and Marc-Andr\u00e9 Grondin. It based on a novel with the same name, written by author Patrick Sen\u00e9cal.", "Q544121": "Them Crooked Vultures is an American rock supergroup formed in Los Angeles in 2009 by Josh Homme (of Queens of the Stone Age and Kyuss) on lead vocals and guitar, John Paul Jones (of Led Zeppelin) on bass and keyboards, and Dave Grohl (of Foo Fighters and Nirvana) on drums and backing vocals. The group also includes guitarist Alain Johannes during live performances.\nThe band began recording in February 2009, and performed its first gig in Chicago on August 9, 2009, followed by a European debut on August 19. On October 1, the group embarked on the worldwide Deserve the Future Tour with dates going into 2010. The band's first single \"New Fang\" was released in October 2009, followed by its self-titled debut album the following month, which debuted at No. 12 on the Billboard 200. The group won the 2011 Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance for \"New Fang\".", "Q75683": "Max Maria von Weber (25 April 1822 in Dresden \u2013 18 April 1881 in Berlin) was a German civil engineer who contributed to the development of railways in Austria and Germany.\nHe was born in Dresden in the Kingdom of Saxony, the son of the composer Carl Maria von Weber, and received his early training in the Dresden schools. Part of his experience was gained under Isambard Kingdom Brunel and George Stephenson in England. In 1850, he entered the civil service of his native kingdom. In 1870 he went to Vienna, where he did much toward the extension of Austrian railways. In 1878 he was called in a similar capacity to Berlin.", "Q968730": "Industrial rock is an alternative rock genre that fuses industrial music and rock music. It initially originated in the 1970s, and drew influence from early experimental and industrial acts such as Cromagnon, Throbbing Gristle, Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten, and Chrome. Industrial rock became more prominent in the 1980s with the success of artists such as Killing Joke, Swans, and Skinny Puppy, and spawned the offshoot genre known as industrial metal. The genre was made more accessible to mainstream audiences in the 1990s with the aid of acts such as Nine Inch Nails and Marilyn Manson, both of which have released platinum-selling records.", "Q43331": "Victor Ivanovich Ishayev (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0418\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0432, born 16 April 1948) is a Russian politician. He had been the Presidential plenipotentiary envoy in the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia from 2009 to 2012, the governor of Khabarovsk Krai from 1991 to 2009, and a Deputy of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation from 1993 to 2001.On 21 May 2012, he was appointed as Minister for Russian Far East in the Dmitry Medvedev's Cabinet.\nOn 28 March 2019, he was arrested in Moscow on charges of abuse of power and embezzlement.", "Q383157": "Bed & Breakfast is a 1992 romantic comedy film directed by Robert Ellis Miller, and stars Roger Moore, Talia Shire, Colleen Dewhurst (in her final film role) and Nina Siemaszko. It began filming on York Beach, Maine in 1989.\n\n", "Q130457": "Philippe G\u00e9rard Brood (20 July 1964 \u2013 13 April 2000) was a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He served as a Member of the House of Representatives from 25 August 1998 until his death from a heart attack on 13 April 2000 in his office in the House of Representatives at the age of thirty-five.Administrative law\n\n", "Q8015": "Artur Mas i Gavarr\u00f3 (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0259\u027e\u02c8tu\u027e \u02c8mas]; born 31 January 1956) is a Spanish politician, Catalan nationalist. He was president of the Government of Catalonia from 2010 to 2015 and acting president from September 2015 to 12 January 2016.\nMas is a long time member of Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC by its Catalan acronym) which used to be the bigger of the two component members \u2013along with Uni\u00f3 Democr\u00e0tica de Catalunya\u2013 of what at the time was a long-standing electoral coalition, Converg\u00e8ncia i Uni\u00f3 (CiU), a liberal nationalist coalition which had dominated Catalan regional politics since the 1980s. In 2001 Mas was named general secretary of CDC, then, in 2012 he was named president of the party until the party was refounded in July 2016 as PDeCAT, which he presided between July 2016 and January 2018.\nFrom 2003 to 2015 Mas has run five times for the Catalan presidency, four heading the \u2013nowadays defunct\u2013 CiU ticket and one running for the novel Junts pel S\u00ed coalition. He attained the presidency in two elections, 2010 and 2012 (both running for CiU) but neither with an absolute majority. In the absence of single party majorities, both tenures were marked by political instability and ended with Mas calling a snap election.\nMas is an economist who obtained his degree from the University of Barcelona, and is fluent in English and French, in addition to Catalan and Spanish.\nHis ideology tends to be considered liberal from the economic point of view and supportive of Catalan independence. From the social point of view, he has mostly supported a moderate agenda in numerous issues, such as gay rights, but not same-sex marriage and free debate on his party concerning abortion.In 2010 for the first time Mas indicated he would vote 'yes' on a hypothetical referendum to secede from Spain. Since then, sovereignty and Catalan independence have become the central part of his political agenda, with Mas being instrumental in CDC's novel turn towards separatism.", "Q87415": "Julius Tandler (February 16, 1869 \u2013 August 25, 1936) was an Austrian physician and Social Democratic politician. His research secured him a lasting place in the history of anatomy. His main claim to fame, however, was his ambition to introduce a comprehensive system of public health and social services in the Vienna municipality in the interwar years.", "Q667026": "Cino Cinelli (9 February 1916 \u2013 20 April 2001) was an Italian cyclist who won the 1938 Giro di Lombardia and the 1943 Milan\u2013San Remo.After retiring from professional cycling he founded the Cinelli bicycle company.", "Q120644": "Claude Haldi (28 November 1942 \u2013 25 December 2017) was a Swiss racing driver.", "Q131991": "Mogens Niels Juel Camre (29 March 1936 \u2013 5 December 2016) was a Danish politician and Member of the European Parliament with the Danish People's Party (Danish: Dansk Folkeparti), a Vice-Chairman of the Union for a Europe of Nations and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Budgetary Control and its Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.\nHe was also substitute for the Committee on Constitutional Affairs.", "Q67287": "Frank Giering (23 November 1971 \u2013 23 June 2010) was a German actor.", "Q975007": "The American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada (AFM/AFofM) is a 501(c)(5) labor union representing professional instrumental musicians in the United States and Canada. The AFM, which has its headquarters in New York City, is led by president Raymond M. Hair, Jr. Founded in Cincinnati in 1896 as the successor to the \"National League of Musicians,\" the AFM is the largest organization in the world to represent professional musicians. They negotiate fair agreements, protect ownership of recorded music, secure benefits such as health care and pension, and lobby legislators. In the US, it is the American Federation of Musicians (AFM)\u2014and in Canada, the Canadian Federation of Musicians/F\u00e9d\u00e9ration canadienne des musiciens (CFM/FCM). The AFM is affiliated with AFL\u2013CIO, the largest federation of Unions in the United States; and the Canadian Labour Congress, the federation of unions in Canada.Among the most famous AFM actions was the 1942\u201344 musicians' strike, to pressure record companies to agree to a better arrangement for paying royalties.\n\n", "Q57344": "Joseph Martin \"Joschka\" Fischer (born 12 April 1948) is a German politician of the Alliance '90/The Greens. He served as Foreign Minister and as Vice Chancellor of Germany in the cabinet of Gerhard Schr\u00f6der from 1998 to 2005. Fischer has been a leading figure in the German Greens since the 1970s, and according to opinion polls, he was the most popular politician in Germany for most of the government's duration. Following the September 2005 election, in which the Schr\u00f6der government was defeated, he left office on 22 November 2005. In September 2010 he supported the creation of the Spinelli Group, a europarliamentarian initiative founded with a view to reinvigorate efforts to federalise the European Union.", "Q248232": "Plunder is a 1923 American drama film serial directed by George B. Seitz. During the production of this serial, on August 10, 1922, John Stevenson, a stuntman for Pearl White, was killed doing a stunt from a moving bus to an elevated platform. The film survives in the UCLA Film and Television Archive and a trailer is preserved at the Library of Congress.\n\n", "Q40638": "Blake Alexander Jenner (born August 27, 1992) is an American actor and singer. Jenner won the second season of Oxygen's The Glee Project and, as a result, portrayed Ryder Lynn on the Fox musical comedy-drama series Glee. He has since had starring and supporting roles in Everybody Wants Some!! (2016), The Edge of Seventeen (2016), American Animals (2018), and What/If (2019).", "Q58077": "Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko (Ukrainian: \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0456\u0301\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e, pronounced [pe\u02c8tr\u0254 olek\u02c8s\u207d\u02b2\u207eijow\u026at\u0283 poro\u02c8\u0283\u025bnko]; born 26 September 1965) is a Ukrainian businessman and politician who served as the fifth President of Ukraine from 2014 to 2019.\nHe served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2010, and as the Minister of Trade and Economic Development in 2012. From 2007 until 2012, Poroshenko headed the Council of Ukraine's National Bank.\nOutside government, Poroshenko has been a prominent Ukrainian oligarch with a lucrative career in acquiring and building assets. His most recognized brands are Roshen, the large-scale confectionery company which has earned him the nickname of \"Chocolate King\", and the TV channel 5 kanal, an all-news national TV broadcaster. Due to the scale of his business holdings in the manufacturing, agriculture and financial sectors, his political influence that included several stints at government prior to his presidency, and ownership of an influential mass-media outlet, Poroshenko has long been considered one of the prominent Ukrainian oligarchs even though not the most influential among them.\nHe was elected president on 25 May 2014, capturing 54.7% of the vote in the first round, thereby winning outright and avoiding a run-off. As a candidate for a second term in 2019, he obtained only 24.5% in the second round, being defeated by Volodymyr Zelensky.\n\n", "Q77094": "Karl Brandt (8 January 1904 \u2013 2 June 1948) was a German physician and Schutzstaffel (SS) officer in Nazi Germany. Trained in surgery, Brandt joined the Nazi Party in 1932 and became Adolf Hitler's escort doctor in August 1934. A member of Hitler's inner circle at the Berghof, he was selected by Philipp Bouhler, the head of Hitler's Chancellery, to administer the Aktion T4 euthanasia program. Brandt was later appointed the Reich Commissioner of Sanitation and Health (Bevollm\u00e4chtigter f\u00fcr das Sanit\u00e4ts- und Gesundheitswesen). Accused of involvement in human experimentation and other war crimes, Brandt was indicted in late 1946 and faced trial before a U.S. military tribunal along with 22 others in United States of America v. Karl Brandt, et al. He was convicted, sentenced to death, and later hanged on 2 June 1948.", "Q1378692": "Kevin O'Connell is a sound re-recording mixer. He held the record for most Academy Award nominations without a win at 20, until he finally won his first Academy Award for Hacksaw Ridge (2016) at the 89th Academy Awards in 2017.", "Q285254": "Allan Holdsworth (6 August 1946 \u2013 15 April 2017) was a British jazz fusion and progressive rock guitarist and composer. \nHoldsworth was known for his highly advanced knowledge of music theory, through which he incorporated a vast array of complex chord progressions, often using unusual chord shapes in an abstract way based on his understanding of \"chord scales\", and intricate improvised solos, frequently across shifting tonal centres. He used a myriad of scale forms often derived from those such as the lydian, diminished, harmonic major, augmented, whole tone, chromatic and altered scales, among others, often resulting in an unpredictable and dissonant \"outside\" sound. His unique legato soloing technique stemmed from his original desire to play the saxophone. Unable to afford one, he strove to use the guitar to create similarly smooth lines of notes. He also became associated with playing an early form of guitar synthesizer called the SynthAxe, a company he endorsed in the 1980s.\nHoldsworth was cited as an influence by a host of rock, metal and jazz guitarists such as Eddie Van Halen, Joe Satriani, Greg Howe, Shawn Lane, Richie Kotzen, John Petrucci, Alex Lifeson, Kurt Rosenwinkel, Yngwie Malmsteen, Michael Romeo, Ty Tabor, and Tom Morello. Frank Zappa once lauded him as \"one of the most interesting guys on guitar on the planet\", while Robben Ford has said: \"I think Allan Holdsworth is the John Coltrane of the guitar. I don't think anyone can do as much with the guitar as Allan Holdsworth can.\"", "Q236920": "Emrah Erdo\u011fan \u0130pek (born January 1, 1971) is a Turkish singer and actor\nBorn in Ergani, Diyarbak\u0131r Province, he professionally entered the music world with his album A\u011fam A\u011fam already during his middle school time in 1984. With his performance in the leading role of the movie Zavall\u0131lar (1984), he became known as \"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Emrah\" (Little Emrah). The next year, he released his second album G\u00fclom and Yaral\u0131, which gained success. Emrah's following released albums Boynu B\u00fck\u00fckler (1986) and Ayr\u0131lamam (1987) became best sellers. Emrah has sold more than 25 million copies album in Turkey. He bought twitter share almost equals to 5 million US dollars. In 2014 he get married with Sibel Kirer and they have a son, his name is \"Typhone\".", "Q210059": "Neil Richard MacKinnon Gaiman (; born Neil Richard Gaiman, 10 November 1960) is an English author of short fiction, novels, comic books, graphic novels, nonfiction, audio theatre, and films. His works include the comic book series The Sandman and novels Stardust, American Gods, Coraline, and The Graveyard Book. He has won numerous awards, including the Hugo, Nebula, and Bram Stoker awards, as well as the Newbery and Carnegie medals. He is the first author to win both the Newbery and the Carnegie medals for the same work, The Graveyard Book (2008). In 2013, The Ocean at the End of the Lane was voted Book of the Year in the British National Book Awards.", "Q76361": "Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel (22 September 1882 \u2013 16 October 1946) was a German field marshal and war criminal during the Nazi era who served as Chief of the Armed Forces High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, OKW) during World War II. In this capacity, Keitel signed a number of criminal orders and directives that led to a war of unprecedented brutality and criminality.\nKeitel's rise to the Wehrmacht high command began with his appointment as the head of the Armed Forces Office at the Reich Ministry of War in 1935. After Hitler took command of the Wehrmacht in 1938, he replaced the ministry with the OKW, with Keitel as its chief. Keitel was reviled among his military colleagues as Hitler's habitual \"yes-man\".\nAfter the war, Keitel was indicted by the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg as one of the \"major war criminals\". He was found guilty on all counts of the indictment: crimes against humanity, crimes against peace, criminal conspiracy, and war crimes. Keitel was sentenced to death and executed by hanging in 1946.", "Q59382": "Hallee Leah Hirsh (born December 16, 1987) is an American actress perhaps best known for her roles as Mattie on JAG, Daley in the children's series Flight 29 Down, and as the adolescent and young adult Rachel Greene on ER.", "Q353835": "Louis \u00c9tienne Arthur du Breuil, vicomte de La Gu\u00e9ronni\u00e8re (1816 \u2013 23 December 1875) was a French politician and aristocrat, the member of a notable Poitou family.", "Q283816": "Mr. Nanny is a 1993 family comedy film starring professional wrestler Hulk Hogan. The working title of the film was Rough Stuff, and David Johansen also recorded a song by that name for the film.", "Q79052": "Baron Richard von Bienerth, after 1915 Count von Bienerth-Schmeling (2 March 1863, in Verona \u2013 3 June 1918, in Vienna), was an Austrian statesman.\nHe was the son of the Austrian Lieutenant-Field Marshal Karl von Bienerth (1825\u20131882) and a grandson on his mother's side of the Minister of State and later President of the High Court of Cassation Anton von Schmerling (1805\u22121893).\nRichard Freiherr von Bienerth entered the service of the state in 1884 in the Styrian governorate, embarked on a civil servant's career after 1886 in the education ministry in Vienna, and from 1899 to 1905 was Vice-President of the Lower Austrian school inspectorate. He took the reins of the education ministry on 11 September 1905 as section head in the cabinet of Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn, a position he kept in the short-lived government of Prince Konrad of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsf\u00fcrst. In the cabinet of Baron Max Wladimir von Beck he was minister for the interior from 2 June 1906 to 15 November 1908 and worked on the electoral reform project (the introduction of universal male suffrage) of 1907. After Beck's downfall, Emperor Franz Joseph I appointed Bienerth as prime minister, an office he held from 15 November 1908 to 28 June 1911. The government lost its parliamentary majority at the Reichsrat elections of June 1911, which brought heavy losses for the Christian Social Party and the Poland Club, and Bienerth resigned as prime minister. He was then appointed as governor of Lower Austria, succeeding Count Erich Kielmansegg. Despite suffering from an incurable disease, he remained in office until 28 November 1915. When he resigned as governor, the Emperor elevated him to the rank of Count.", "Q20127": "Wilhelm Martin Philipp Christian Ludwig Liebknecht (29 March 1826 \u2013 7 August 1900) was a German socialist and one of the principal founders of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). His political career was a pioneering project combining Marxist revolutionary theory with practical legal political activity. Under his leadership, the SPD grew from a tiny sect to become Germany's largest political party. He was the father of Karl Liebknecht and Theodor Liebknecht.", "Q173591": "Arad (Romanian pronunciation: [a\u02c8rad] (listen); Hungarian: Arad; Serbian: \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0434/Arad) is the capital city of Arad County, historically situated in the region of Cri\u0219ana, and having extended into the neighboring Banat region in the 20th century. Arad is the third largest city in Western Romania, behind Timi\u0219oara and Oradea, and the 12th largest in Romania, with a population of 159,704.\nA busy transportation hub on the Mure\u0219 River and an important cultural and industrial center, Arad has hosted one of the first music conservatories in Europe, one of the earliest normal schools in Europe, and the first car factory in Hungary and present-day Romania. Today, it is the seat of a Romanian Orthodox archbishop and features a Romanian Orthodox theological seminary and two universities.\nThe city's multicultural heritage is owed to the fact that it has been part of the Kingdom of Hungary, the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, the Ottoman Teme\u015fvar Eyalet, Principality of Transylvania, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and since 1920 Romania, having had significant populations of Hungarians, Germans, Jews, Serbs, Bulgarians and Roma at various points in its history. During the second half of the 19th century and the beginning on the 20th century, the city has experienced rapid development. The most impressive displays of architecture that are still the popular sights of Arad today, such as the neoclassical Ioan Slavici Theater, the eclectic Administrative Palace and the neogothic Red Church, have been built in this period.", "Q66172": "Erwin Friedrich Karl R\u00f6sener (2 February 1902 \u2013 4 September 1946) was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) commander during the Nazi era. During World War II, he was responsible for mass executions of civilians in Slovenia. R\u00f6sener was put on trial for war crimes and sentenced to death on 30 August 1946, then executed by hanging on 4 September 1946. He was posthumously on the indictment at the Nuremberg Trials for war crimes.", "Q49191": "Portsmouth is a city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 21,233, and in 2018 the estimated population was 21,896. A historic seaport and popular summer tourist destination on the Piscataqua River bordering the state of Maine, Portsmouth was formerly the home of the Strategic Air Command's Pease Air Force Base, since converted to Portsmouth International Airport at Pease.", "Q115614": "Anton \"Toni\" Brunner (born 23 August 1974) is a Swiss farmer, national chairman of the Swiss People's Party and a member of the Swiss National Council from 1995 to 2018.", "Q276337": "Jeanne Aubert (born Jeanne Perrinot, 21 February 1900 \u2013 6 March 1988) was a French singer and actress.", "Q39476": "Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson (born 15 April 1990) is an English actress, model and activist. Born in Paris and brought up in Oxfordshire, Watson attended the Dragon School and trained as an actress at the Oxford branch of Stagecoach Theatre Arts. As a child, she rose to prominence with her first professional acting role as Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter film series, having acted only in school plays previously.\nWatson also appeared in the 2007 television adaptation of the novel Ballet Shoes and lent her voice to The Tale of Despereaux (2008). After the last Harry Potter film, she took on starring and supporting roles in My Week with Marilyn (2011), The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2012) and The Bling Ring (2013), made an appearance as an exaggerated version of herself in This Is the End (2013), and portrayed the titular character's adopted daughter in Noah (2014). She went on to star as Belle in the musical romantic fantasy Beauty and the Beast (2017) and Meg March in the coming-of-age film Little Women (2019), the latter of which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. Her other film roles include Regression (2015), Colonia (2015), and The Circle (2017).\nFrom 2011 to 2014, Watson split her time between working on films and continuing her education, studying at Brown University and Worcester College, Oxford, and graduating from Brown with a bachelor's degree in English literature in May 2014. Her modelling work has included campaigns for Burberry and Lanc\u00f4me. She also lent her name to a line of clothing for People Tree. She was honoured by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 2014, winning British Artist of the Year. That same year, she was appointed as a UN Women Goodwill ambassador and helped launch the UN Women campaign HeForShe, which encourages gender equality.", "Q103076": "A screenplay, or script, is some kind of written work by screenwriters for a film, television program, or video game. These screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing. In them, the movement, actions, expression and dialogues of the characters are also narrated. A screenplay written for television is also known as a teleplay.", "Q229633": "3 Idiots is a 2009 Indian Hindi-language coming-of-age comedy-drama film co-written (with Abhijat Joshi) and directed by Rajkumar Hirani. Starring Aamir Khan, Madhavan, Sharman Joshi, Kareena Kapoor, Boman Irani and Omi Vaidya, the film follows the friendship of three students at an Indian engineering college and is a satire about the social pressures under an Indian education system. The film is narrated through parallel dramas, one in the present and the other ten years in the past. It also incorporated real Indian inventions, namely those created by Remya Jose, Mohammad Idris, Jahangir Painter and Sonam Wangchuk.Produced by Vidhu Vinod Chopra under the banner Vinod Chopra Films, 3 Idiots received widespread critical and commercial success upon its release on 25 December 2009. The film was the highest-grossing film in its opening weekend in India, had the highest opening day collections for an Indian film up until that point and also held the record for the highest net collections in the first week for a Bollywood film. It also became one of the few Indian films at the time to become successful in East Asian markets such as China and Japan, eventually bringing its worldwide gross to \u20b9392 crore ($90 million) \u2014 it was the highest-grossing Indian film ever at the time. The film also had a social impact on attitudes to education in India.The film won six Filmfare Awards including Best Film and three National Film Awards including Best Popular Film. Overseas, it won the Grand Prize at Japan's Videoyasan Awards while was nominated for Best Outstanding Foreign Language Film at the Japan Academy Awards and Best Foreign Film at China's Beijing International Film Festival. This film was remade in Tamil as Nanban (2012), which also received critical praise and commercial success. Nanban had a Telugu dubbed version titled Snehitudu. A Mexican remake, 3 idiotas, was also released in 2017.\n\n", "Q711629": "Richard March Hoe (middle name spelled in some 1920s records as \"Marsh\") (September 12, 1812 \u2013 June 7, 1886) was an American inventor from New York City who designed a rotary printing press and related advancements, including the \"Hoe web perfecting press\" in 1871; it used a continuous roll of paper and revolutionized newspaper publishing.\n\n", "Q113265": "Knut Faldbakken (born 31 August 1941, in Hamar) is a Norwegian novelist. \n\n", "Q594843": "Linjiang (simplified Chinese: \u4e34\u6c5f; traditional Chinese: \u81e8\u6c5f; pinyin: L\u00ednji\u0101ng; listed as Linkiang on old maps) is a county-level city in southern Jilin province, People's Republic of China, located to the east of Tonghua, and not far from the border with North Korea. It is a county-level city under the administration of Baishan.\n\n", "Q520458": "The Norwegian School of Economics (Norwegian: Norges Handelsh\u00f8yskole; literally translated to \"Norway's Business School\") or NHH is a business school situated in Bergen, Norway. It was founded in 1936 as Norway's first business school and has since its establishment been a teaching and research institution in the fields of economics and business administration.Admission to NHH is the most selective in the field of business administration in Norway. The sole NHH undergraduate program consistently ranks among the most popular top choice for students applying to undergraduate study in Norway and was the second most popular first choice of all undergraduate programs offered in 2019. In total, also in 2019, NHH received more than 4000 applications for 470 spots in its undergraduate program.The school participates in exchange programs with more than 130 foreign institutions in over 30 countries, and around 40 percent of the school's students spend at least one semester on exchange. The school is member of CEMS (The Global Alliance for Management Education) and the Partnership in International Management (PIM) network, and is accredited by EQUIS.", "Q444860": "Lori Ann Heuring (born April 6, 1973) is a Panamanian-born American film and television actress, perhaps most known for her starring role in 8mm 2, as Alice Richards in The Locket (2002), and as Mrs. Kesher in David Lynch's Mulholland Drive (2001).", "Q153899": "Ismail Enver Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0634\u0627\u200e; Turkish: \u0130smail Enver Pa\u015fa; 22 November 1881 \u2013 4 August 1922) was an Ottoman military officer and a leader of the 1908 Young Turk Revolution. He became the main leader of the Ottoman Empire in both the Balkan Wars (1912\u201313) and in World War I (1914\u201318). In the course of his career he was known by increasingly elevated titles as he rose through military ranks, including Enver Efendi (\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u200e), Enver Bey (\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u200e), and finally Enver Pasha, \"pasha\" being the honorary title Ottoman military officers gained on promotion to the rank of Mirliva (major general).\nAfter the Ottoman coup d\u2019\u00e9tat of January 1913, Enver Pasha became (4 January 1914) the Minister of War of the Ottoman Empire, forming one-third of the triumvirate known as the \"Three Pashas\" (along with Talaat Pasha and Djemal Pasha) who held de facto rule over the Empire from 1913 until the end of World War I in 1918. As war minister and de facto Commander-in-Chief (despite his role as the de jure Deputy Commander-in-Chief, as the Sultan formally held the title), Enver Pasha was one of the most powerful figures of the government of the Ottoman Empire. Along with Talaat and Djemal, he was one of the principal perpetrators of the Armenian Genocide, of the Assyrian Genocide and of the Greek Genocide and thus is held responsible for the death of between 800,000 and 1,800,000 Armenians, 300,000 Assyrians and 350,000 Greeks.\nPrior to World War I, he was hailed at home as \"the hero of the revolution\", and Europeans often spoke of Ottoman Turkey as \"Enverland\".", "Q195772": "The Narrow Margin is a 1952 American film noir directed by Richard Fleischer and written by Earl Felton, based on an unpublished story written by Martin Goldsmith and Jack Leonard. The screenplay by Earl Felton was nominated for an Academy Award.The picture stars Charles McGraw, Marie Windsor, and Jacqueline White. It was released by RKO Radio Pictures. A police detective plays a deadly game of cat-and-mouse aboard a train with mob assassins out to stop a slain gangster's widow before she can testify before a grand jury.", "Q492598": "Kyung I. Lah (Korean: \ub098\uacbd, Korean pronunciation: [na \u0261j\u028c\u014b]; born August 27, 1971) is a South Korean-American journalist and correspondent for CNN.", "Q4773305": "Anthony Pritzker (born January 7, 1961) is a member of the Pritzker family and an heir to the Hyatt Hotel fortune; he serves as managing partner of the Pritzker Group.\n\n", "Q959506": "Julien Hequembourg Bryan (23 May 1899 in Titusville, Pennsylvania \u2013 20 October 1974) was an American photographer, filmmaker, and documentarian. He is best known for documenting the daily life in Poland, Soviet Union, and Nazi Germany between 1935 and 1939.\nHe was honored with \u201eZas\u0142u\u017cony dla Kultury Polskiej\" (\"Merit for Polish culture\") during his last visit in Poland (1974) for showing the truth about the Invasion of Poland.His documentary film Siege reported on Poland's defense of its capital against Nazi Germany in September 1939. Its stored and online at the Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum already digitally restored in HD.", "Q649330": "Jean-Charles Laveaux (17 November 1749, Troyes \u2013 15 March 1827, Paris) was a French grammarian and translator.", "Q734481": "Germaine Williams (born December 9, 1974), better known by his stage name Canibus, is a Jamaican-born American rapper and actor. He initially gained fame in the 1990s for his ability to freestyle, and eventually released his debut album Can-I-Bus in 1998. Since releasing his debut album, Canibus has gone on to release 13 solo studio albums in total, as well as multiple collaboration albums and EPs with other rappers as a member of The Hrsmn, Sharpshooterz, Cloak N Dagga, The Undergods and one-half of T.H.E.M.\nAbout.com placed him at number 32 on their list of the \"Top 50 MCs of Our Time (1987\u20132007)\", while in 2012 The Source placed him number 44 on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time.", "Q234104": "Shirley Ann Manson (born 26 August 1966) is a Scottish singer, songwriter, musician, and actress. She is best known as the lead singer of the alternative rock band Garbage. Manson gained media attention for her forthright style, rebellious attitude, and distinctive voice. For the majority of her career, Manson commuted between her home city of Edinburgh and the U.S. to record with Garbage, which originally formed in Madison, Wisconsin; she now lives and works primarily in Los Angeles, while maintaining a second home in Edinburgh.Manson's musical career began in her teens when she was approached to perform backing vocals and keyboards for the band Goodbye Mr Mackenzie. She quickly developed into a prominent member of the group and developed a formidable stage presence. Manson was approached by her band's record label with the idea of launching her as a solo artist, and recorded an album with her band under the name Angelfish. After seeing Manson in an Angelfish music video broadcast only once on MTV's 120 Minutes, Garbage invited her to audition and record vocals on a couple of unfinished songs; she eventually co-wrote and co-produced an entire album with the band. The resulting self-titled debut album was a critical and commercial success, and was followed by five studio albums, including the multiple Grammy Award-nominated Version 2.0 and a greatest hits album. Garbage have toured worldwide and sold over 12 million records.In 2006, Manson began to write and record solo material after Garbage was put on \"hiatus\". In 2008, she was cast in her first professional acting role as a shapeshifting liquid metal T-1001 Terminator named Catherine Weaver during the second and final season of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles. She returned to the recording studio in 2010 to write and produce material for Garbage's fifth studio album, Not Your Kind of People, released in 2012. The band followed up with their sixth album, Strange Little Birds, in 2016.", "Q522529": "Gustavo Mohme Llona (1930\u20132000) was a Peruvian businessman, engineer, journalist and politician.", "Q4775012": "Antioch College is a private liberal arts college in Yellow Springs, Ohio. Founded in 1850 by the Christian Connection, the college began operating in 1852 as a non-sectarian institution; politician and education reformer Horace Mann became its first president. It was the founding, constituent college of Antioch University System, which Antioch College remained a part of from 1978 until 2008 when it closed. Thereafter, a group of alumni formed a new Ohio corporation, Antioch College Continuation Corporation, and bought from the University both the physical campus and a license to use the name \"Antioch College\". The college remained closed for three years before reopening in 2011 as an independent institution.\nAntioch is one of only a few liberal-arts institutions in the United States featuring a cooperative education work program mandatory for all students. Democracy and shared governance, especially as a means to activism and social justice, are at the heart of the college. Since 1921 Antioch's educational approach has blended practical work experience with classroom learning, and participatory community governance. Students receive narrative evaluations and academic letter grades.\nAntioch College is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association, the Global Liberal Arts Alliance, and the Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education. The college has produced two Nobel Prize winners. Jos\u00e9 Ramos-Horta, the 1996 laureate for Peace, obtained his Master of Arts at Antioch in 1984. Mario Capecchi, the 2007 laureate for Medicine, earned the Bachelor of Science from Antioch in 1961.", "Q330376": "Abraham Grace Merritt (January 20, 1884 \u2013 August 21, 1943) \u2013 known by his byline, A. Merritt \u2013 was an American Sunday magazine editor and a writer of fantastic fiction.The Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame inducted him in 1999, its fourth class of two deceased and two living writers.", "Q1174951": "David M. Kelley (born February 10, 1951) is an American businessman, entrepreneur, designer, engineer, and teacher. He is founder of the design firm IDEO and a professor at Stanford University. He has received several honors for his contributions to design and design education.", "Q117765": "John Kruesi (May 15, 1843 \u2013 February 22, 1899) was a Swiss born machinist and close associate of Thomas Edison.", "Q81931": "The Confederate States of America (CSA or C.S.), commonly referred to as the Confederacy, was an unrecognized republic in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865. The Confederacy was originally formed by seven secessionist slave-holding states\u2014South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas\u2014in the Lower South region of the United States, whose economy was heavily dependent upon agriculture, particularly cotton, and a plantation system that relied upon the labor of African-American slaves. Convinced that the institution of slavery was threatened by the November 1860 election of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln to the U.S. presidency on a platform which opposed the expansion of slavery into the western territories, the Confederacy declared its secession in rebellion against the United States, with the loyal states becoming known as the Union during the ensuing American Civil War. Confederate Vice President Alexander H. Stephens described its ideology as being centrally based \"upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery, subordination to the superior race, is his natural and normal condition\".Before Lincoln took office in March, a new Confederate government was established in February 1861 which was considered illegal by the government of the United States. States volunteered militia units, and the new government hastened to form its own Confederate States Army from nothing practically overnight. After the American Civil War began in April, four slave states of the Upper South\u2014Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina\u2014also seceded and joined the Confederacy. The Confederacy later accepted Missouri and Kentucky as members, although neither officially declared secession nor were they ever largely controlled by Confederate forces; Confederate shadow governments attempted to control the two states but were later exiled from them. The government of the United States (the Union) rejected the claims of secession, considering it illegitimate.\nThe war began April 12, 1861, when the Confederates attacked Fort Sumter, a Union fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. No foreign government ever officially recognized the Confederacy as an independent country, although Great Britain and France granted it belligerent status, which allowed Confederate agents to contract with private concerns for arms and other supplies. In early 1865, after four years of heavy fighting which led to 620,000\u2013850,000 military deaths, all Confederate forces surrendered. The war lacked a formal end; nearly all Confederate forces had been forced into surrender or deliberately disbanded by the end of 1865, by which point the dwindling manpower and resources of the Confederacy faced overwhelming odds. Jefferson Davis, the President of the Confederate States of America for the duration of the civil war, lamented that the Confederacy had \"disappeared\".\nAfter the war, Confederate states were readmitted to the Union during the Reconstruction era, after each ratified the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which outlawed slavery. \"Lost Cause\" ideology\u2014a view that the Confederate cause was a just one\u2014emerged in the decades after the war among former Confederate generals and politicians, as well as organizations such as the Sons of Confederate Veterans and the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Particularly intense periods of Lost Cause activity came around the time of World War I, as the last Confederate veterans began to die and a push was made to preserve their memories, and during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, in reaction to growing public support for racial equality. Through activities such as building prominent Confederate monuments and writing school history textbooks, they sought to ensure future generations of Southern whites would continue to support white supremacist policies such as Jim Crow. The modern display of flags used by and associated with the Confederate States of America primarily started in the mid-20th century and has continued into the present day; their revival in the 1950s and 1960s began with Senator Strom Thurmond's Dixiecrats to show opposition to the Civil Rights Movement, among other things, in 1948.", "Q712446": "Wan Chi Keung (simplified Chinese: \u5c39\u5fd7\u5f3a; traditional Chinese: \u5c39\u5fd7\u5f37; Jyutping: wan5 zi3 koeng4; May 1, 1956 \u2013 February 16, 2010) was an Association football player, actor and businessman from Hong Kong.\nKnown as \"Asia's top striker\" Wan was a key player for the Hong Kong national football team in the 1970s and 1980s. He played for South China AA and Seiko (football) in the Hong Kong First Division League. After retirement, he became an actor. His most famous role was a senior police officer in the Infernal Affairs trilogy.He had been dating veteran actress Michelle Yim for almost 30 years.He was diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the early 1990s but the condition improved over the years. On 16 February 2010, Wan died in Prince of Wales Hospital in Sha Tin.", "Q254196": "Ruan Lingyu (April 26, 1910 \u2013 March 8, 1935), born Ruan Fenggen, also known by her English name Lily Yuen, was a Chinese silent film actress. One of the most prominent Chinese film stars of the 1930s, her exceptional acting ability and suicide at the age of 24 led her to become an icon of Chinese cinema.", "Q976283": "Giovanni Scognamillo (25 April 1929 \u2013 8 October 2016) was a Turkish Levantine film critic.\nScognamillo was born to a family of Italian Levantines; his father was the son of an immigrant from Naples and his mother was descended from Genoese settlers of Tinos. As his father, Leone, was the manager of the prestigious movie theatre Elhamra Sinemas\u0131 of Beyo\u011flu, Scognamillo became acquainted with cinema in early years of his life. After graduation from Liceo Italiano, he started to write cinema articles for various Italian-language media. By 1961, he began his career in Turkish language press.\nScognamillo is the author of several books on the history of cinema, including Turk Sinema Tarihi, Birinci Cilt, 1896-1959, as well as diverse topics such as fantastique and occultism, currently working as a lecturer of Turkish cinema at Bah\u00e7e\u015fehir University.", "Q12195": "Polio, short for poliomyelitis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. In about 0.5 percent of cases, there is muscle weakness resulting in an inability to move. This can occur over a few hours to a few days. The weakness most often involves the legs, but may less commonly involve the muscles of the head, neck and diaphragm. Many people fully recover. In those with muscle weakness, about 2 to 5 percent of children and 15 to 30 percent of adults die. Another 25 percent of people have minor symptoms such as fever and a sore throat, and up to 5 percent have headache, neck stiffness and pains in the arms and legs. These people are usually back to normal within one or two weeks. In up to 70 percent of infections there are no symptoms. Years after recovery, post-polio syndrome may occur, with a slow development of muscle weakness similar to that which the person had during the initial infection.Poliovirus is usually spread from person to person through infected fecal matter entering the mouth. It may also be spread by food or water containing human feces and less commonly from infected saliva. Those who are infected may spread the disease for up to six weeks even if no symptoms are present. The disease may be diagnosed by finding the virus in the feces or detecting antibodies against it in the blood. The disease occurs naturally only in humans.The disease is preventable with the polio vaccine; however, multiple doses are required for it to be effective. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends polio vaccination boosters for travelers and those who live in countries where the disease is occurring. Once infected there is no specific treatment. In 2018, there were 33 cases of wild polio and 104 cases of vaccine-derived polio. This is down from 350,000 wild cases in 1988. In 2018, the wild disease was spread between people only in Afghanistan and Pakistan. In 2019 there were 175 cases of wild polio and 364 cases of vaccine-derived polio.Poliomyelitis has existed for thousands of years, with depictions of the disease in ancient art. The disease was first recognized as a distinct condition by the English physician Michael Underwood in 1789 and the virus that causes it was first identified in 1908 by the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner. Major outbreaks started to occur in the late 19th century in Europe and the United States. In the 20th century it became one of the most worrying childhood diseases in these areas. The first polio vaccine was developed in the 1950s by Jonas Salk. In 2013, the World Health Organization had hoped that vaccination efforts and early detection of cases would result in global eradication of the disease by 2018.", "Q713980": "Karl Robert Pusta (1 March 1883, Narva \u2013 4 May 1964, Madrid) was an Estonian politician and a former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia.", "Q10957559": "Moldavia (Romanian: Moldova, pronounced [mol\u02c8dova] (listen) or \u021aara Moldovei (in Romanian Latin alphabet), literally The Moldavian Country; in old Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u041c\u0461\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0454\u0439) is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia (\u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103) as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina and Hertza. The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time.\nThe western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern side belongs to the Republic of Moldova, and the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine.", "Q8798": "Ukrainian (\u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430 ukrayins'ka mova [\u028akr\u0250\u02c8jin\u02b2s\u02b2k\u0250 \u02c8m\u0254w\u0250]) is an East Slavic language. It is the official state language of Ukraine and one of the three official languages in the unrecognized state of Transnistria, the other two being Moldovan and Russian. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic script (see Ukrainian alphabet).\nHistorical linguists trace the origin of the Ukrainian language to the Old East Slavic of the early medieval state of Kievan Rus'. After the fall of the Kievan Rus' as well as the Kingdom of Galicia\u2013Volhynia, the language developed into a form called the Ruthenian language. The Ukrainian language has been in common use since the late 17th century, associated with the establishment of the Cossack Hetmanate. From 1804 until the Russian Revolution, the Ukrainian language was banned from schools in the Russian Empire, of which the biggest part of Ukraine (Central, Eastern and Southern) was a part at the time. It has always maintained a sufficient base in Western Ukraine, where the language was never banned, in its folk songs, itinerant musicians, and prominent authors.The standard Ukrainian language is regulated by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NANU), particularly by its Institute for the Ukrainian Language, Ukrainian language-information fund, and Potebnya Institute of Language Studies. The Ukrainian language retains a degree of mutual intelligibility with Belarusian and Russian.", "Q509974": "Olegario V\u00edctor Andrade (1839\u20131882) was an Argentine journalist, poet and politician, who was born in Brazil.\nHis daughter, Agustina Andrade, was also a poet.", "Q113503": "Otto Fischbeck (28 August 1865 \u2013 23 May 1939) was a German liberal politician, member of the Prussian and German parliament and Prussian Minister of trade and commerce from 1918 to 1921. \nFischbeck was born in G\u00fcntershagen, Province of Pomerania, Kingdom of Prussia (Lubieszewo, Poland), he studied economics and administrative sciences at the Universities of Berlin and Greifswald.From 1890 to 1895 he worked as a counsel at the chamber of commerce in Bielefeld and from 1895 to 1901 at the Employers Liability Insurance Association for paper processing industries in Berlin. From 1893 to 1895 he served as a town councillor in Bielefeld, and in 1900 Fischbeck became town councillor in Berlin. On 1 April 1918 he became the chairman of the municipal association of Greater Berlin.From 1895 to 1903 and from 1907 to 1918 Fischbeck was a member of the German parliament and from 1903 to 1913 Member of the Prussian House of Representatives (Landtag). On 5 October 1918 he became the Prussian Minister for Trade and Commerce, a position he held until 1 November 1921.Following World War I Fischbeck was a founding member of the Deutsche Demokratische Partei and was elected a member of the Weimar National Assembly (1919/20), he was again a member of the Prussian Landtag from 1921 to 1924 and was re-elected to the Reichstag in 1924 and 1928. He left the Reichstag in 1932 and died in Berlin in 1939.", "Q256959": "Lucius Shepard (August 21, 1943 \u2013 March 18, 2014) was an American writer. Classified as a science fiction and fantasy writer, he often leaned into other genres, such as magical realism. His work is infused with a political and historical sensibility and an awareness of literary antecedents.", "Q236075": "Alyson Renae Michalka ( mee-SHAH-kah;\n born March 25, 1989) is an American actress, singer-songwriter, and musician. She gained fame for playing the role of Keely Teslow in the Disney Channel series Phil of the Future and has participated in film and other television roles including Rhiannon Abernathy in the film Easy A and roles on the CW series Hellcats and iZombie. Michalka and her sister, actress Amanda Joy \"AJ\" Michalka, are members of the musical duo Aly & AJ.", "Q103710": "Oliver Krischer (born 26 July 1969 in Z\u00fclpich, Germany) is a German Green politician and member of the German Bundestag.\n\n", "Q36023": "Calvin Coolidge (born John Calvin Coolidge Jr.; ; July 4, 1872 \u2013 January 5, 1933) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 30th president of the United States from 1923 to 1929. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of Massachusetts. His response to the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight and gave him a reputation as a man of decisive action. The next year, he was elected vice president of the United States, and he succeeded to the presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923. Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small government conservative and also as a man who said very little and had a rather dry sense of humor.Coolidge restored public confidence in the White House after the scandals of his predecessor's administration, and left office with considerable popularity. As a Coolidge biographer wrote: \"He embodied the spirit and hopes of the middle class, could interpret their longings and express their opinions. That he did represent the genius of the average is the most convincing proof of his strength\".Scholars have ranked Coolidge in the lower half of those presidents that they have assessed. He is praised by advocates of smaller government and laissez-faire economics, while supporters of an active central government generally view him less favorably, although most praise his stalwart support of racial equality.", "Q247854": "Devdas is a 2002 Indian romantic drama film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and based on the 1917 Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's novel Devdas. This is the third Hindi version and the first film version of the story in Hindi done in colour. The film is set in the early 1900s and follows Shah Rukh Khan as Devdas, a wealthy law graduate who returns from London to marry his childhood sweetheart, Paro, played by Aishwarya Rai. However, the rejection of this marriage by his own family sparks his descent into alcohol, ultimately leading to his emotional deterioration and him seeking refuge with a courtesan played by Madhuri Dixit.\nAt the time of its release, Devdas was the most expensive Bollywood film ever produced, with a reported budget of \u20b950 crore ($10.3 million). The film released worldwide on July 12, 2002. The film was a commercial success in India and abroad, becoming the highest grossing Indian film of the year. Shah Rukh Khan has bought the rights to this film under his banner, Red Chillies Entertainment.Devdas was critically acclaimed among western and Indian film critics, and is considered by many critics to be one of the greatest films ever made. It was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Language Film and was also India's submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. It was ranked #74 in Empire magazine's \"The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema\" in 2010. TIME magazine named Devdas as the best movie of 2002 among all the movies released around the world that year. The film was recently included in TIME's top 10 movies of the millennium worldwide.The film was screened at 2002 Cannes Film Festival, and the 2002, and 2014 International Film Festival of India in the \"Devdas Section\" and \"Celebrating Dance in Indian cinema\" section respectively. Devdas won the Filmfare Award for Best Film. The film also won five National Awards and a further eleven Filmfare Awards, breaking the record of 10 wins previously held by Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge.", "Q7499234": "V. A. Shiva Ayyadurai (born Vellayappa Ayyadurai Shiva, December 2, 1963) is an Indian-American scientist, engineer, and entrepreneur. He is notable for his widely disputed claim to be the \"inventor of email\", based on the electronic mail software called \"EMAIL\" he wrote as a New Jersey high school student in the late 1970s. Initial reports that repeated Ayyadurai's assertion\u2014from organizations such as The Washington Post and the Smithsonian Institution\u2014were followed by public retractions. These corrections were triggered by objections from historians and ARPANET pioneers who pointed out that email was already actively used in the early 1970s.Ayyadurai also gained recognition for two reports: the first questioning the working conditions of India's largest scientific agency; the second questioning the safety of genetically modified soybeans. Ayyadurai holds four degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), including a Ph.D. in biological engineering, and is a Fulbright grant recipient. He garnered 3.4% of the vote as an independent candidate in the 2018 United States Senate election in Massachusetts and is running as a Republican in the 2020 U.S. Senate election in Massachusetts.", "Q389491": "Felipe Humberto Camiroaga Fern\u00e1ndez (8 October 1966 \u2013 2 September 2011) was a Chilean television presenter and actor, one of the most popular in his country.Camiroaga hosted many shows for Chilean television station TVN, including the morning talk show Buenos D\u00edas a Todos and a late-night talk show Animal Nocturno. He also acted in several TV series, such as Jaque Mate and Rojo y Miel, and in two films. Camiroaga twice hosted the Vi\u00f1a del Mar International Song Festival in 2009 and 2010. He was nicknamed \"Halc\u00f3n de Chicureo\" (\"Falcon of Chicureo\") because he bred falcons in his residence in Chicureo, a rural area north of Santiago.Camiroaga died on 2 September 2011 after the military plane which was taking him and twenty others to Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Archipelago crashed in the sea. Camiroaga's death was officially announced seven days later, and after a funeral oration at TVN's headquarters, he was buried in Santiago. He has been posthumously awarded several prizes, including the \"Social Communicator Special Award\" by the National Council of Television in 2011.", "Q10782": "Markkleeberg is a town in the Leipzig district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is on the river Plei\u00dfe, approximately 7 km south of Leipzig.", "Q1523426": "Alexander Naumovich Tsfasman (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0426\u0444\u0430\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d; born December 14, 1906 - died February 20, 1971) was a Soviet Jazz pianist, composer, conductor, arranger, publisher and activist. He was an important figure in Soviet Jazz from the period of the mid-1920s until the late 1960s.Tsfasman was born in Alexandrovsk (now Zaporizhya, Ukraine) in the Russian empire, and graduated from the Nizhegorod Musical Technicum in 1923, where he played percussion in the orchestra, and graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in 1930 from the piano class of Felix Blumenfeld.", "Q105361": "Wilhelm Nienst\u00e4dt (16 October 1784 \u2014 28 April 1862) was a Prussian educator and writer.\nNienst\u00e4dt was born in Geitelde (now Braunschweig). The son of a minister, he studied theology at Helmstedt and G\u00f6ttingen. In 1808 Nienst\u00e4dt contributed the essay On Didactic Poetry to the literary journal Ph\u00f6bus, published by Heinrich von Kleist and Adam Heinrich M\u00fcller.\nAfter graduation, he took a two-year trip or Bildungsreise, probably to Italy, and worked as a tutor for various aristocratic families, including the houses of Count H\u00e4seler and Count von Vo\u00df. On the recommendation of the future Prussian Foreign Minister Friedrich Ancillon, in 1815 he was appointed tutor of Prince Albert of Prussia (1809-1872), the son of Frederick William III, and over the next ten years he produced many works, including the play Ein Zaubertag (1816), the essay Versuch einer Darstellung unser Zeit (1819), and the collection of poems Gedichte vermischten Inhalts (1820), which includes some drama and ballads, as well as the epic Olint and Elvire.\nIn 1822 Nienst\u00e4dt was appointed to the geheimer Hofrat, but was honourably discharged after a short time, with a pension, and in 1826, he published the seven-part drama cycle Die Hohenstaufen and the play Karl V. In 1829 he left Berlin for Hallendorf, a village near Salzgitter and married Johanna Henriette Augusta Pauli, also the child of a minister. The rest of his life is very obscure and his activities unknown. He died in Wolfenb\u00fcttel, aged 77.", "Q236061": "Nicole (Nicole Seibert, n\u00e9e Hohloch; born 25 October 1964, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany) is a German singer. She won the Eurovision Song Contest 1982 with the song Ein bi\u00dfchen Frieden (\"A Little Peace\"), which also reached the top of the UK Singles Chart.", "Q11488": "Amanda Elizabeth Chessell is a computer scientist and a Distinguished Engineer at IBM. She has been awarded the title of IBM Master Inventor. She is also a Member of the IBM Academy of Technology.\nOutside IBM, Chessell is the first woman to be awarded the Silver Medal of the Royal Academy of Engineering. In 2002 she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.Chessell is a visiting professor at the University of Sheffield and at the Surrey Centre for the Digital Economy (CoDE) at the University of Surrey.", "Q103704": "Karl Siegfried D\u00f6hring (often misspelled D\u00f6ring; 14 August 1879, in Cologne \u2013 1 June 1941, in Darmstadt; also writing under the pseudonym Ravi Ravendro) was a German architect, art historian and archaeologist. He lived mostly in Siam, now called Thailand.", "Q846426": "Brentwood is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. It is located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The population is 51,481 as of 2010, an increase of 121 percent from 23,302 at the 2000 census.Brentwood began as a community in the late 19th century, and is still known throughout the Bay Area for its agricultural products, primarily its cherries, corn and peaches. Due to urban sprawl many of the old farms and orchards have been replaced by suburban developments since 1990. Brentwood is increasingly residential, with the rate of population growth in the triple digits during the 1990s and 69% from 2000 through 2010. An official estimate showed the population increased nearly 21% during the period 2010 to 2016.", "Q229141": "Geraldine Anne \"Gerry\" Ferraro (August 26, 1935 \u2013 March 26, 2011) was an American attorney and Democratic Party politician who served in the United States House of Representatives. In 1984, she was the first female vice-presidential nominee representing a American major political party.\nFerraro grew up in New York City and worked as a public school teacher before training as a lawyer. She joined the Queens County District Attorney's Office in 1974, heading the new Special Victims Bureau that dealt with sex crimes, child abuse, and domestic violence. In 1978 she was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, where she rose rapidly in the party hierarchy while focusing on legislation to bring equity for women in the areas of wages, pensions, and retirement plans.\nIn 1984, former vice president and presidential candidate Walter Mondale, seen as an underdog, selected Ferraro to be his running mate in the upcoming election. Ferraro became the only Italian American to be a major-party national nominee in addition to being the first woman. The positive polling the Mondale-Ferraro ticket received when she joined soon faded, as damaging questions arose about her and her businessman husband's finances and wealth and her Congressional disclosure statements. In the general election, Mondale and Ferraro were defeated in a landslide by incumbent President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George H. W. Bush.\nFerraro ran campaigns for a seat in the United States Senate from New York in 1992 and 1998, both times starting as the front-runner for her party's nomination before losing in the primary election. She served as the Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights from 1993 until 1996 during the presidential administration of Bill Clinton. She also continued her career as a journalist, author, and businesswoman, and served in the 2008 presidential campaign of Senator Hillary Clinton. Ferraro died on March 26, 2011 from multiple myeloma, 12 years after being diagnosed.", "Q66600": "Karl Joseph Eberth (21 September 1835 \u2013 2 December 1926) was a German pathologist and bacteriologist who was a native of W\u00fcrzburg.", "Q30446": "Castor (Italian: Castore) is a mountain in the Pennine Alps on the border between Valais, Switzerland and the Aosta Valley in Italy. It is the higher of a pair of twin peaks (German: Zwillinge), the other being Pollux, named after the Gemini twins of Roman mythology. Castor's peak is at an elevation of 4,223 m (13,855 ft), and it lies between Breithorn and the Monte Rosa. It is separated from Pollux by a pass at 3,847 m (12,621 ft), named Passo di Verra in Italian and Zwillingsjoch in German.\nAscents are usually made from the alpine hut Capanna Quintino Sella on the Italian side, by means of the Felikjoch and the long and narrow southeast ridge. From the Swiss side, ascents start from Klein Matterhorn and go by way of the Italian glacier Grand Glacier of Verra and the mountain's west flank. The first ascent was made on August 23, 1861.\nCastor and Pollux are also a pair of summits in Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, USA. Located in the Absaroka Range, Castor is 3,308 m, 65 m lower than its twin.", "Q933913": "Iv\u00e1n Fischer (born 20 January 1951) is a Hungarian conductor and composer.\nBorn in Budapest into a musical family of Jewish heritage, Fischer initially studied piano, violin, cello and composition in Budapest. His older brother, \u00c1d\u00e1m Fischer, became a conductor in his own right. He moved later to Vienna to study conducting with Hans Swarowsky at the University of Music and Performing Arts, where he also studied cello and early music, studying and working as assistant to Nikolaus Harnoncourt. He also studied with Franco Ferrara at the Accademia Musicale Chigiana in Siena.\nIn 1976, Fischer won the Rupert Foundation conducting competition in London. He began thereafter to guest-conduct such British orchestras as the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic, the BBC Symphony and the London Symphony Orchestra, with whom he conducted a world tour in 1982. His US conducting debut was with the Los Angeles Philharmonic in 1983.", "Q4208540": "Matt Cohler (born March 27, 1977) is an American venture capitalist based in Silicon Valley. He worked as Vice President of Product Management for Facebook until June 2008 and is currently a general partner at Benchmark. Cohler was named to the 2012 Forbes Midas List of top technology investors. Cohler made the Forbes 'America's 40 Richest Entrepreneurs Under 40' list in 2015.", "Q266656": "The Kid from Spain is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Leo McCarey and starring Eddie Cantor, involving bullfighting. Songs were composed by Harry Ruby and Bert Kalmar. Noteworthy are the musical scenes, directed and choreographed by Busby Berkeley, Cantor in blackface, and an appearance by the Goldwyn Girls (whose starlets this film include future stars Betty Grable, Paulette Goddard, Toby Wing, and Jane Wyman).", "Q62466": "Robert Amirkhanyan (Armenian: \u054c\u0578\u0562\u0565\u0580\u057f \u0531\u0574\u056b\u0580\u056d\u0561\u0576\u0575\u0561\u0576; born on November 16, 1939 in Yerevan) is an Armenian composer and songwriter. Professor of Yerevan State Conservatory.", "Q1374731": "Euro disco (or Eurodisco) is the variety of European forms of electronic dance music that evolved from disco in the later 1970s; incorporating elements of pop and rock into a disco-like continuous dance atmosphere. Many Euro disco compositions feature lyrics sung in English, although the singers often share a different mother tongue.\nEuro disco derivatives generally include Europop and Eurodance, with the most prominent subgenres being space disco of the late 1970s and Italo disco of the early 1980s. The genre has declined in popularity after 1990.", "Q215860": "Tuvya Ruebner, also R\u00fcbner (Hebrew: \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e8\u05d9\u05d1\u05e0\u05e8\u200e; 30 January 1924 \u2013 29 July 2019) was an Israeli poet, editor, translator and photographer.", "Q439109": "Guy Vernon Moon (born August 14, 1962) is an American composer.", "Q65309": "Menziken is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q430893": "Charles Kent (18 June 1852 \u2013 21 May 1923) was a British-American silent film actor and director. He appeared in 141 films between 1908 and 1923. He also directed 36 films between 1908 and 1913.\n\n", "Q274252": "\u00c9douard Br\u00e9zin (French: [b\u0281ez\u025b\u0303]; born 1 December 1938 Paris) is a French theoretical physicist. He is professor at Universit\u00e9 Paris 6, working at the laboratory for theoretical physics (LPT) of the \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure since 1986.", "Q368109": "Children of the Corn III: Urban Harvest is a 1995 American horror film, directed by James D. R. Hickox, and starring Daniel Cerny, Jim Metzler, Nancy Grahn, and Mari Morrow. It is the third film in the Children of the Corn series, and focuses on two mysterious brothers who are adopted from rural Nebraska and brought to Chicago; a chain of deadly occurrences surrounding the family follows, involving a cult in which the younger brother is a follower. Children of the Corn III marked the film debuts of Nicholas Brendon, Ivana Mili\u010devi\u0107, and Charlize Theron. Ed Grady reprises his role as Dr. Richard Appleby from the first sequel via a flashback sequence to Children of the Corn II: The Final Sacrifice.", "Q437124": "Priscilla Betti (real name: Pr\u00e9scillia Betti; born August 2, 1989 in Nice), formerly known as simply Priscilla, is a French singer, dancer and actress. She released her first single at the age of 12, and has released five albums. In 2008\u20132011 she played the main part in the French musical TV series Chante!.", "Q1435522": "Folkways Records was a record label founded by Moses Asch that documented folk, world, and children's music. It was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution in 1987 and is now part of Smithsonian Folkways.", "Q64017": "Silent Hill: Revelation is a 2012 psychological horror film, directed and written by M. J. Bassett. A sequel to the 2006 film Silent Hill, it stars Adelaide Clemens, Kit Harington, Martin Donovan, Malcolm McDowell and Carrie-Anne Moss, along with Sean Bean, Deborah Kara Unger and Radha Mitchell returning from the previous film. It is based on the survival horror video game Silent Hill 3 by Konami. Revelation's plot follows adult Heather Mason (Clemens) who, discovering on the eve of her eighteenth birthday that her presumed identity is false, is drawn to an alternate dimension existing in the fictitious American town of Silent Hill.\nBassett had expressed her openness to fans' suggestions of actresses for Heather's role. On a total estimated $20 million budget, filming lasted from March to May 2011 in Canada, with the 3D RED Epic camera used for the process; audio mixing took place in France.\nSilent Hill: Revelation was released in Canada on October 26, 2012 by Open Road Films and on November 28, 2012 by Metropolitan Filmexport. The film was a moderate box office success, grossing over $56 million worldwide, but has received negative reviews by film critics and fans alike.", "Q6979": "Singen is an industrial city in the very south of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in southern Germany and just north of the German-Swiss border.", "Q790323": "Ir\u00e9n Barb\u00e9r born Ir\u00e9n Talab\u00e9r (Slovene: Irena Barber February 9, 1939 \u2013 May 1, 2006) was a Slovene author, journalist, and notary in Hungary.\nBorn in Permise (K\u00e9tv\u00f6lgy), her parents wereFerenc Talab\u00e9r and Ter\u00e9z Merkli. She studied in Gy\u0151r and Szombathely, and worked in Fels\u0151sz\u00f6ln\u00f6k and Als\u00f3sz\u00f6ln\u00f6k as a notary. In 1957 she formed an amateur theater company and primarily wrote comedies in Prekmurje Slovene (the Raba March dialect). Her first of several works was the \u017divlenje je kratko (Live is Short) and Trnova paut (Thorny Path).\nShe died in Szombathely, in the Markusovszky Hospital.", "Q159378": "Isma'il Pasha (Arabic: \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u200e Ism\u0101\u2018\u012bl B\u0101sh\u0101; Turkish: \u0130smail Pa\u015fa), known as Ismail the Magnificent (31 December 1830 \u2013 2 March 1895), was the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Sharing the ambitious outlook of his grandfather, Muhammad Ali Pasha, he greatly modernized Egypt and Sudan during his reign, investing heavily in industrial and economic development, urbanization, and the expansion of the country's boundaries in Africa.\nHis philosophy can be glimpsed at in a statement that he made in 1879: \"My country is no longer in Africa; we are now part of Europe. It is therefore natural for us to abandon our former ways and to adopt a new system adapted to our social conditions\".\nIn 1867 he also secured Ottoman and international recognition for his title of Khedive (Viceroy) in preference to W\u0101li (Governor) which was previously used by his predecessors in the Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt and Sudan (1517\u20131867). However, Isma'il's policies placed the Ottoman Khedive of Egypt and Sudan (1867\u20131914) in severe debt, leading to the sale of the country's shares in the Suez Canal Company to the United Kingdom, and his ultimate toppling from power at British hands.\nThe city of Ismailia is named in his honor.", "Q128581": "Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly-inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin.Risk factors for developing breast cancer include being female, obesity, a lack of physical exercise, alcoholism, hormone replacement therapy during menopause, ionizing radiation, an early age at first menstruation, having children late in life or not at all, older age, having a prior history of breast cancer, and a family history of breast cancer. About 5\u201310% of cases are the result of a genetic predisposition inherited from a person's parents, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 among others. Breast cancer most commonly develops in cells from the lining of milk ducts and the lobules that supply these ducts with milk. Cancers developing from the ducts are known as ductal carcinomas, while those developing from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas. There are more than 18 other sub-types of breast cancer. Some, such as ductal carcinoma in situ, develop from pre-invasive lesions. The diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by taking a biopsy of the concerning tissue. Once the diagnosis is made, further tests are done to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the breast and which treatments are most likely to be effective.The balance of benefits versus harms of breast cancer screening is controversial. A 2013 Cochrane review found that it was unclear if mammographic screening does more harm than good, in that a large proportion of women who test positive turn out not to have the disease. A 2009 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force found evidence of benefit in those 40 to 70 years of age, and the organization recommends screening every two years in women 50 to 74 years of age. The medications tamoxifen or raloxifene may be used in an effort to prevent breast cancer in those who are at high risk of developing it. Surgical removal of both breasts is another preventative measure in some high risk women. In those who have been diagnosed with cancer, a number of treatments may be used, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy. Types of surgery vary from breast-conserving surgery to mastectomy. Breast reconstruction may take place at the time of surgery or at a later date. In those in whom the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, treatments are mostly aimed at improving quality of life and comfort.Outcomes for breast cancer vary depending on the cancer type, the extent of disease, and the person's age. The five-year survival rates in England and the United States are between 80 and 90%. In developing countries, five-year survival rates are lower. Worldwide, breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women, accounting for 25% of all cases. In 2018 it resulted in 2 million new cases and 627,000 deaths. It is more common in developed countries and is more than 100 times more common in women than in men.", "Q119984": "Friederike Roth (born 6 April 1948) is a German writer. She is especially active as a playwright.\nRoth was born in Sindelfingen. She won the City of Stuttgart Literary Prize in 1982 and the Ingeborg Bachmann Prize in 1983.", "Q117017": "Martin Josef Munzinger (11 November 1791 \u2013 6 February 1855) was a Swiss politician.\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 16 November 1848, as one of the first seven Councilors. While in office he held the following departments:\n\nDepartment of Finance (1848\u20131850)\nPolitical Department (1851)\nDepartment of Finance (1852)\nDepartment of Posts and Construction (1853\u20131854)\nDepartment of Trade and Customs (1855)and was President of the Confederation in 1851.\nMunzinger died in office on 6 February 1855.", "Q64771": "Oberr\u00fcti is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q91288": "Alexander Moszkowski (15 January 1851 \u2013 26 September 1934) was a German satirist, writer and philosopher of Polish-Jewish descent. He was the brother of the composer and pianist Moritz Moszkowski.\nHe was a friend of many celebrities in Berlin, among them the theoretical physicist Albert Einstein, about whom he was the first to publish a book in the summer of 1920 and consequently popularize the theory of relativity. In his autobiography he wrote: \"At the beginning of the 20th century the question of the conceivability of other worlds with modified physics and mathematics will be highly employed.\"", "Q116309": "Nikolai Yakovlevich Marr (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u042f\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0440, Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr; Georgian: \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d6 \u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, Nikoloz Iak'obis dze Mari; 6 January 1865 [O.S. 25 December 1864] \u2013 20 December 1934) was a Georgia-born historian and linguist who gained a reputation as a scholar of the Caucasus during the 1910s before embarking on his \"Japhetic theory\" on the origin of language (from 1924), now considered as pseudo-scientific, and related speculative linguistic hypotheses.\nMarr's hypotheses were used as a rationale in the campaign during the 1920\u201330s in the Soviet Union of introduction of Latin alphabets for smaller ethnicities of the country. In 1950, the \"Japhetic theory\" fell from official favour, with Joseph Stalin denouncing it as anti-Marxist.", "Q630181": "Epameinondas Deligiorgis (Greek: \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u0394\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c2, pronounced [epami\u02ccnon\u00f0as \u00f0eli\u029di\u02c8or\u029dis]; January 10, 1829, Tripoli, Arcadia \u2013 May 14, 1879, Athens) was a Greek lawyer, newspaper reporter and politician, who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Greece. He was the son of Demetrios Deligiorgis, a politician from Missolonghi who participated in the Greek War of Independence. Deligiorgis studied law at the University of Athens and entered politics in 1854. He was not a proponent of the Megali Idea (Great Idea) and thought that a better solution to the Eastern Question would be to improve the condition of the Greeks living in Ottoman-controlled Macedonia, Epirus, Thrace and Asia Minor by liberalising the Ottoman Empire. Deligiorgis was the person who, on October 10, 1862, declared the end of the reign of King Otto and the convening of a national assembly.", "Q265439": "Bernard de Dryver (Brussels, 19 September 1952) is a racing driver from Belgium. He entered two World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, the Belgian Grand Prix in 1977 and 1978. In 1977 he entered a non-works March, but failed to make the grid. The following year he entered a privately run Ensign but did not qualify for official practice.\nHe raced a full season in the Aurora UK Formula One Championship in 1979, driving a Fittipaldi, scoring a number of podiums and finishing fourth in the championship.\nHe is still involved in motor sport, most recently in GT Racing.", "Q183104": "Feldkirch (German pronunciation: [\u02c8f\u025bltk\u026a\u0281\u00e7]) is a medieval city in the western Austrian state of Vorarlberg on the border with Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is the administrative center of the Feldkirch district. After Dornbirn, it is the second most populous town in Vorarlberg, slightly larger than the state capital of Bregenz. The westernmost point in Austria lies in Feldkirch on the river Rhine, at the northern tripoint between Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein.", "Q2021596": "La Singla (3,714 m) (also spelled La Sengla) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It is the highest summit lying between the valleys of Bagnes (Valais) and Valpelline (Aosta Valley). On its northern side La Singla overlooks the Otemma Glacier.", "Q79046": "Wolfgang Ratz (born January 12, 1959 in Bilbao, Spain) is an Austrian writer and singer-songwriter.", "Q240849": "Timecop is a 1994 American science fiction action film directed by Peter Hyams and co-written by Mike Richardson and Mark Verheiden. Richardson also served as executive producer. The film is based on Timecop, a story created by Richardson, written by Verheiden, and drawn by Ron Randall, which appeared in the anthology comic Dark Horse Comics, published by Dark Horse Comics.\nThe film stars Jean-Claude Van Damme as Max Walker, a police officer in 1994 and later a U.S. Federal agent in 2004, when time travel has been made possible. It also stars Ron Silver as a rogue politician and Mia Sara as Melissa Walker, the agent's wife. The story follows an interconnected web of episodes in the agent's life as he fights time-travel crime and investigates the politician's plans.\nTimecop remains Van Damme's highest-grossing film as a lead actor (his second to break the $100 million barrier for a worldwide gross), becoming a cult classic with fans, and (though met with mixed reviews) it is generally regarded as one of Van Damme's better films by critics.", "Q36989": "Pardubice (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8pardub\u026ats\u025b] (listen); German: Pardubitz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It is the capital city of the Pardubice Region and lies on the river Elbe, 96 kilometres east of Prague. There is an old tower and a castle. Factories include the Synthesia chemical factory, an oil refinery Paramo, a heavy machinery factory and an electronic equipment plant. The city is well known for its sport events, which include the Great Pardubice Steeplechase in horse racing, the Golden Helmet of Pardubice in motorcycle racing, and the Czech Open in golf and chess.", "Q355288": "Berry Gordy III (known professionally as Berry Gordy Jr., born November 28, 1929) is an American record executive, record producer, songwriter, film producer and television producer. He is best known as the founder of the Motown record label and its subsidiaries, which was the highest-earning African-American business for decades.As a songwriter, he composed or co-composed a number of hits including \"Lonely Teardrops\", \"Shop Around\" and \"Do You Love Me\", all of which topped the US R&B charts, as well as the international hit Reet Petite. As part of The Corporation he wrote a number of hit songs for The Jackson 5, including \"I Want You Back\" and \"ABC\". As a record producer, he launched the Miracles and signed acts like the Supremes, Marvin Gaye, the Temptations, the Four Tops, Gladys Knight & the Pips and Stevie Wonder. He was known for carefully controlling the public image, dress, manners, and choreography of his acts. In 1998, Gordy was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.In 2016, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Barack Obama.\n\n", "Q66166": "Adolf Martens (Adolf Karl Gottfried Martens), 6 March 1850 \u2013 24 July 1914, was a German metallurgist and the namesake of the steel structure martensite and the martensitic transformation, a type of diffusionless phase transition in the solid state.", "Q1627834": "Marco Antonio Sol\u00eds Sosa (born December 29, 1959) is a Mexican musician, singer, composer, actor, and record producer.Born and raised in Ario de Rosales, Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico, Sol\u00eds began his musical career at the age of six, performing part of Los Hermanitos Sol\u00eds. In 1975 he co-founded Los Bukis, of which he was the lead vocalist and guitarist. The band split up after nearly two decades of success, with Sol\u00eds pursuing a solo career. Sol\u00eds released his first solo album, En Pleno Vuelo in 1996 by Fonovisa Records.\nSol\u00eds has been awarded five Latin Grammy Awards, two Lo Nuestro Awards, has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and has been inducted into the Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame.", "Q173585": "Jessica Phyllis Lange (; born April 20, 1949) is an American actress. She is the thirteenth actress in history to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting, having won two Academy Awards, three Primetime Emmy Awards, one Tony Award, one Screen Actors Guild Award, and five Golden Globe Awards. Additionally, she is the second actress in history to win the Academy Award for Best Actress after winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, the third actress and first performer since 1943 to receive two Oscar nominations within the same year, the fifth actress and ninth performer to win Oscars in both the lead and supporting acting categories, and is tied as the sixth most Oscar-nominated actress in history. Lange holds the record for the most Golden Globe nominations in the Best Actress in a Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television category, and is the second actress with the most Golden Globe nominations in history. She is the only performer ever to win Primetime Emmy Awards in both the Outstanding Supporting Actress and Outstanding Lead Actress categories for the same miniseries. Lange has also garnered one Critics Choice Award and three Dorian Awards, making her the most honored actress by the Gay and Lesbian Entertainment Critics Association. In 1998, Entertainment Weekly listed Lange among the 25 Greatest Actresses of the 1990s. In 2014, Lange was scheduled to receive a star on The Hollywood Walk of Fame, though she has yet to claim it.Lange made her professional film debut in Dino De Laurentiis's 1976 remake of the 1933 action-adventure classic King Kong, for which she also won her first Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year. In 1983, she won her second Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as a soap opera star in Tootsie (1982) and was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of the troubled actress Frances Farmer in Frances (1982). Lange received three more nominations for Country (1984), Sweet Dreams (1985) and Music Box (1989), before winning her third Golden Globe Award, and the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as a manic depressive housewife in Blue Sky (1994).\nIn 2010, she won her first Primetime Emmy Award for her portrayal of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis' famed aunt, Big Edie, in HBO's Grey Gardens (2009). Between 2011 and 2014, she won her first Screen Actors Guild Award, first Critics Choice Award, fifth Golden Globe Award, three Dorian Awards and her second and third Emmy Awards for her performances in the first, second and third seasons of FX's horror anthology series, American Horror Story (2011\u20132015, 2018). In 2016, Lange won her first Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play, an Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play and a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play for her critically acclaimed performance in the Broadway revival of Long Day's Journey into Night. She also had a supporting role in Louis C.K.'s Peabody Award-winning web series, Horace and Pete. In 2017, she received praise for her portrayal of legendary Hollywood actress Joan Crawford in the television series Feud, for which she received her eighth Emmy, sixteenth Golden Globe, sixth Screen Actors Guild Award and second TCA Award nominations. In 2019, she received a tenth Emmy nomination for her performance in American Horror Story: Apocalypse.\nIn addition to acting, Lange is a photographer with four published works. She has also been a foster parent and currently holds a Goodwill Ambassador position for UNICEF, specializing in HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in Russia.", "Q1117206": "Michel \u00c9mile Kfoury (Arabic: \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u200e; born September 14, 1974), known by his stage name Wael Kfoury (\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a), is am Arabic (Lebanese) singer, musician, and songwriter. He is considered one of the most popular figures in Arabic music and is often called The King of Romance or simply The King. In a career spanning over 25 years, he has become a Lebanese icon through his romantic songs.", "Q115600": "Kurt Furgler (24 June 1924 \u2013 23 July 2008) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1972\u20131986).\nHe was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 8 December 1971 and handed over office on 31 December 1986. He was affiliated to the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland.\nDuring his office time he held the following departments:\n\nFederal Department of Justice and Police (1972\u20131982)\nFederal Department of Economic Affairs (1983\u20131986)He was President of the Confederation three times in 1977, 1981 and 1985.\nKurt Furgler was born and raised in St. Gallen, Switzerland. He studied Jurisprudence in Fribourg, Z\u00fcrich, and Geneva, and was an avid handball player during his youth. In 1948, he obtained his license to practice law in St. Gallen. As a conservative centrist in the Federal Council of Switzerland, he advocated equal rights for women, and initiated economic reforms and modernized immigration and Swiss family law.During his presidency, he argued for the European integration of Switzerland, and in 1982, signed the Luxembourg Declaration, which called for a closer cooperation between the European Union and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Dr. Furgler demanded a strong central government but failed to establish a Swiss federal police due to strong opposition from the left and confederated forces of the right.In November 1985, he asserted his significant representative role in international relations when he welcomed the American president Ronald Reagan, with first lady Nancy Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, for the first round of the arms control summit in Geneva.Kurt Furgler resigned unexpectedly in 1986, but continued to serve in a number of committees, including the Club of Rome, InterAction Council, and the International Olympic Committee.", "Q92781": "Joseph Sifakis (Greek: \u0399\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae\u03c6 \u03a3\u03b7\u03c6\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2) is a Greek-French computer scientist with French citizenship, laureate of the 2007 Turing Award, along with Edmund M. Clarke and E. Allen Emerson, for his work on model checking.", "Q67278": "M\u00fchleberg is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q1909134": "Matt Bauder (born 1976) is an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist and composer. He is the bandleader of the jazz trio Hearing Things, the jazz quintet Day in Pictures, and the modern doo-wop group White Blue Yellow & Clouds. He is a member of the long-form improvisation trio Memorize the Sky, and was formerly a member of the touring lineups for Arcade Fire and Iron & Wine.\n\n", "Q58088": "Bra\u0148o Holi\u010dek (born 14 August 1985, Ko\u0161ice) is a Slovak actor and musician.\nHis parents recognised his talent at an early age, and enrolled him in a specialised elementary school specialisting in the arts. He performed in kids' talent programs on television, including Asterisk and Golden Gate. His first big breakthrough was in 1997, when he was chosen to play the lead in the national Slovak production of Oliver!, a part which he retained for a year and half. Afterwards, he also performed the title role in Janko Hra\u0161ko under J\u00e1n \u010eurov\u010d\u00edk.\nOn 1 June 1998 he released his debut album on Polygram. He also appeared on the soundtrack of the musical Font\u00e1na pre Zuzanu (A Fountain for Susan) III.He went on to appear in minor roles in TV movies, before his role in Thomas the Falconer (Sokoliar Tom\u00e1\u0161). He is also well known in Slovakia for his voice-over work. He also had a role in About Smith Juraj.\nSince 2001, he has been attending the Prague Conservatory; he currently isn't accepting parts, although he frequently appears as a guest on television, especially on the Czech TV Prima.", "Q113271": "Imma von Bodmershof (born Emma Lilly Isolde von Ehrenfels) (August 10, 1895 \u2013 August 26, 1982) was an Austrian poet born in Graz. She received the Grand Austrian State Prize in 1958 for her work Sieben Handvoll Salz (Seven Handfuls of Sand), a novel set in Sicily. She was engaged to be married to and influenced by the works of Norbert von Hellingrath. She had a talent for writing haiku and published several volumes.\nImma was the daughter of Baron Christian von Ehrenfels, the founder of the modern structural Gestalt psychology in Austria. She was also the sister of Umar Rolf Baron Ehrenfels, an orientalist and anthropologist who converted to Islam.", "Q78358": "J\u00fcrgen W. Gansel, (born July 6, 1974) is a German politician. He is a representative of the National Democratic Party, a pan-German nationalist party in Germany. From 2004 until 2014, he was a member of the Landtag of Saxony.", "Q159436": "Cindy Taylor (born July 16, 1980) is an American retired pornographic actress and model best known by her stage name Jesse Jane. She is the recipient of numerous awards and nominations over her career in the adult industry including induction into the AVN and XRCO Hall of Fame. Jane is also the Australian Penthouse magazine Pet of the Month for November 2010. She was an exclusive contract performer for Digital Playground between 2002 and 2014. In January 2015, she signed an exclusive, two-year performing contract with Jules Jordan Video", "Q64759": "Karl (or Carl) Philipp Josef, Prince von Wrede (German: [\u02c8v\u0281e\u02d0d\u0259]; 29 April 1767 \u2013 12 December 1838) was a Bavarian field marshal. He was an ally of Napoleonic France until he negotiated the Treaty of Ried with Austria in 1813. Thereafter Bavaria joined the coalition.", "Q212699": "Geffen Records is an American record label established by David Geffen and owned by Universal Music Group through its Interscope Geffen A&M Records imprint.\nGeffen Records was started in 1980. In 1999, it was merged into Interscope Records and the Geffen Records name was practically dissolved. On March 23, 2017, Billboard magazine stated that Geffen Records was relaunching with longtime A&R person Neil Jacobson as President, who reports to John Janick, CEO and chairman of Interscope Geffen A&M.", "Q192021": "Simon Lucas Baker (born 30 July 1969) is an Australian actor in television and film, and director. He is known for his lead roles in the CBS television series The Mentalist (as Patrick Jane) and The Guardian (as Nicholas Fallin) and starred in several Hollywood films.", "Q1228700": "S\u00e9rigne M'Baye Gueye (French pronunciation: \u200b[se\u0281i\u0272 \u025bmbaj \u0261\u025bj]; born 28 March 1978), better known by his stage name Disiz, (pronounced \"This is\", formerly Disiz la Peste and Disiz Peter Punk), is a French rapper and actor. Born to a Senegalese father and Belgian mother, he grew up listening to hip hop.\nHe was a great fan of the French rap groups NTM and IAM. He was discovered by JoeyStarr, one of the members of the famous rap group NTM after listening to a sample tape named \"B\u00eate de bombe\".\nDisiz has gained interest from the UK after his appearance on Channel 4's campaign: \"Try life in another language\". He is a follower of Islam and described his religion as his \"greatest wealth\" (\"L'Islam est ma plus grande richesse\").\n\n", "Q147608": "Jairus Cassius Fairchild (December 27, 1801 \u2013 July 18, 1862) was an American Democratic politician and businessman. He was the first State Treasurer of Wisconsin and the first Mayor of Madison, Wisconsin. He was the father of Wisconsin's tenth Governor, Lucius Fairchild. In historical documents, he is often referred to as \"J. C. Fairchild\" and his first name is sometimes misspelled \"Jarius\".\n\n", "Q563549": "John Edward McKenzie Lucie-Smith (born 27 February 1933), known as Edward Lucie-Smith, is an English writer, poet, art critic, curator and broadcaster.", "Q4936532": "Bodhi Pine Elfman (born Bodhi Pine Saboff; July 19, 1969) is an American actor and the child of filmmaker Richard Elfman and Rhonda Joy Saboff. He is best known for playing the roles of Avram Hader in the Fox television series Touch and for his recurring role in the CBS television series Criminal Minds as Peter \"Mr. Scratch\" Lewis.", "Q2279779": "Y\u016bko Miyamura (\u5bae\u6751 \u512a\u5b50, Miyamura Y\u016bko, born December 4, 1972) is a Japanese actress, voice actress, singer and sound director. Her nickname is Miyam\u016b (\u307f\u3084\u3080\u30fc, Miyam\u016b). She played Kazuha Toyama in Detective Conan and Asuka Langley Soryu in Neon Genesis Evangelion.\n\n", "Q97809": "Egbert Baqu\u00e9 (born 1952, in Saarbr\u00fccken) is a German gallerist, author and translator.", "Q1780": "Bratislava (, also US: , Slovak: [\u02c8bracisla\u028ba] (listen); German: Pre\u00dfburg or Pressburg [\u02c8pr\u025bsb\u028ark] (listen); Hungarian: Pozsony) is the capital of Slovakia. With a population of about 430,000, it is one of the smaller capitals of Europe but still the country's largest city. The greater metropolitan area is home to more than 650,000 people. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia, occupying both banks of the River Danube and the left bank of the River Morava. Bordering Austria and Hungary, it is the only national capital that borders two sovereign states.The city's history has been influenced by people of many nations and religions, including Austrians, Bulgarians, Croats, Czechs, Germans, Hungarians, Jews, Serbs and Slovaks. It was the coronation site and legislative center of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1536 to 1783, and has been home to many Slovak, Hungarian and German historical figures.\nBratislava is the political, cultural and economic centre of Slovakia. It is the seat of the Slovak president, the parliament and the Slovak Executive. It has several universities, and many museums, theatres, galleries and other cultural and educational institutions. Many of Slovakia's large businesses and financial institutions have headquarters there.\nIn 2017, Bratislava was ranked as the third richest region of the European Union by GDP (PPP) per capita (after Hamburg and Luxembourg City). GDP at purchasing power parity is about three times higher than in other Slovak regions. Bratislava receives around 1 million tourists every year.\n\n", "Q12817": "Probal Dasgupta (born 1953 in Kolkata, India) is an Indian Linguist, Esperanto speaker and activist. Dasgupta's interest in linguistics started at a very young age. He published his first article in phonology at the age of eighteen in Indian Linguistics the journal of the Linguistic Society of India His 1980 New York University Ph.D dissertation Questions and Relative and Complement Clauses in a Bangla Grammar is considered one of the seminal works in Bangla syntax.\nApart from syntax Dasgupta has worked and written a great deal on morphology and sociolinguistics. He has developed a new approach to linguistics, called Substantivism, in partnership with Rajendra Singh, whose approach to morphology (Whole Word Morphology) forms part of the substantivist programme. Dasgupta was made an honorary member of the Linguistic Society of America in 2004.\nOutside of formal linguistics Dasgupta has written extensively on topics in Esperanto studies, sociolinguistics and literary theory. In his many writings he has also been vocal about political and social issues. \"The Otherness of English: India's Auntie Tongue Syndrome\", in which he talks of the situation of English in India, has led to various debates on the social implications of the presence of English in IndiaDasgupta has been a member of the Akademio de Esperanto since 1983. He served as the Vice-President of the Akademio for five terms from 2001 to 2015. In February 2016 he was elected the Akademio's President for a term of 3 years ending in 2019 and has been re-elected to serve in the same capacity for another term that ends in 2022. Earlier, Dasgupta served as the president of Universal Esperanto Association for two terms, 2007\u201310 and 2010-13.\nIn 2006, he moved from the Centre for Applied Linguistics and Translation Studies (CALTS), University of Hyderabad where he had been working as a Professor of Linguistics to the Linguistic Research Unit at the Indian Statistical Institute in Kolkata where he was the head from 2008 until his retirement in 2018.\n\n", "Q983020": "Olivier Gourmet (born 22 July 1963) is a Belgian actor.Gourmet was born in Namur. He won the Best Actor award at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival for his role in Le Fils by Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne. He also appeared in La Promesse, Rosetta and L'Enfant.", "Q140167": "Horace Ladd Moore (February 25, 1837 \u2013 May 1, 1914) was a U.S. Representative from Kansas.\nBorn in Mantua, Ohio, Moore attended the common schools and the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, Hiram, Ohio.\nHe moved to Lawrence, Kansas, in 1858.\nHe studied law and one month after his admission to the bar enlisted in the Union Army in the Second Regiment, Kansas Volunteer Infantry, on May 14, 1861, and served continuously until June 30, 1865, when he was mustered out of the service as lieutenant colonel of the Fourth Regiment, Arkansas Volunteer Cavalry.\nAs major of the Eighteenth and colonel of the Nineteenth Regiments of Kansas Cavalry served against the Indians on the Plains in 1867 and 1868.\nHe again engaged in the practice of law and later, from 1886 to 1892, engaged in the wholesale grocery business in Trinidad, Colorado.\nTreasurer of Douglas County, Kansas, in 1886 and 1887.\nHe successfully contested as a Democrat the election of Edward H. Funston to the Fifty-third Congress and served from August 2, 1894, until March 3, 1895.\nHe was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress.\nHe served as vice president of a national bank in Lawrence, Kansas, until his death on May 1, 1914.\nHe was interred in Oak Hill Cemetery.", "Q238702": "Brian Wilson Aldiss, OBE (; 18 August 1925 \u2013 19 August 2017), was an English writer and anthology-editor, best known for science fiction novels and short stories. His byline reads either Brian W. Aldiss or simply Brian Aldiss, except for occasional pseudonyms during the mid-1960s.\nGreatly influenced by science fiction pioneer H. G. Wells, Aldiss was a vice-president of the international H. G. Wells Society. He was (with Harry Harrison) co-president of the Birmingham Science Fiction Group. Aldiss was named a Grand Master by the Science Fiction Writers of America in 2000 and inducted by the Science Fiction Hall of Fame in 2004. He received two Hugo Awards, one Nebula Award, and one John W. Campbell Memorial Award. He wrote the short story \"Supertoys Last All Summer Long\" (1969), the basis for the Stanley Kubrick-developed Steven Spielberg film A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001). Aldiss was associated with the British New Wave of science fiction.", "Q285283": "Robert W. \"Bob\" Gore (born April 15, 1937) is an American engineer and scientist, inventor and businessman. Gore has led his family's company, W. L. Gore & Associates, in developing applications of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ranging from computer cables to medical equipment to the outer layer of space suits. His most significant breakthrough is likely the invention of Gore-Tex, a waterproof/breathable fabric popularly known for its use in sporting and outdoor gear.\n\n", "Q271464": "Terrence Alan Crews (born July 30, 1968) is an American actor, comedian, activist, artist, and former professional football player. Crews played Julius Rock on the UPN/CW sitcom Everybody Hates Chris. He hosted the US version of the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire and starred in the BET reality series The Family Crews. He appeared in films such as Friday After Next (2002), White Chicks (2004), Idiocracy (2006), Blended (2014), and the Expendables series. Since 2013, he has played NYPD Lieutenant Terry Jeffords in the sitcom Brooklyn Nine-Nine. He began hosting America's Got Talent in 2019, following his involvement in the same role for the program's spin-off series, America's Got Talent: The Champions.\nCrews played as a defensive end and linebacker in the National Football League, for the Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers, and Washington Redskins, as well as in the World League of American Football with the Rhein Fire, and college football at Western Michigan University.\nCrews, a public advocate for women's rights and activist against sexism, has shared stories of the abuse his family endured at the hands of his violent father. He was included among the group of people named as Time Magazine's Person of the Year in 2017 for going public with stories of sexual assault.", "Q304789": "A Woman's Face is a 1941 American melodrama film directed by George Cukor and starring Joan Crawford, Melvyn Douglas and Conrad Veidt. It tells the story of Anna Holm, a facially disfigured blackmailer, who because of her appearance, despises everyone she encounters. When a plastic surgeon corrects this disfigurement, Anna becomes torn between the hope of starting a new life and a return to her dark past. Most of the film is told in flashbacks as witnesses in a courtroom give their testimonies. The screenplay was written by Donald Ogden Stewart and Elliot Paul, based on the play Il Etait Une Fois by Francis de Croisset. Another version of the story, a Swedish production, was filmed in 1938 as En Kvinnas Ansikte, starring Ingrid Bergman.Advertising for the film appears in a photograph by Robert Frank. One of the images of Crawford used in the advertising later was included in the album artwork for The Rolling Stones album Exile on Main St. (1972).", "Q17917680": "Claude Clark (November 11, 1915 - April 21, 2001) was an African American painter, printmaker and art educator. Clark\u2019s subject matter was the diaspora of African American culture, including dance scenes, street urchins, marine life, landscapes, and religious and political satire images executed primarily with a palette knife.", "Q455951": "Norman Richard Spinrad (born September 15, 1940) is an American science fiction author, essayist, and critic. His fiction has won the Prix Apollo and been nominated for numerous awards, including the Hugo Award and multiple Nebula Awards.\n\n", "Q102354": "Herbert Franz Martin Stass (7 October 1919 \u2013 11 November 1999) was a German film and television actor.", "Q560040": "Richard Davies (born 22 July 1944) is an English musician, singer and songwriter best known as founder, vocalist and keyboardist of the rock band Supertramp. Davies is their only consistent member, and composed some of their best known songs, including \"Breakfast in America\", \"Rudy\", \"Bloody Well Right\", \"Ain't Nobody But Me\", \"Gone Hollywood\", \"Goodbye Stranger\", \"Just Another Nervous Wreck\", \"Cannonball\", and \"I'm Beggin' You\". He is generally noted for his rhythmic blues piano solos and jazz-tinged progressive rock compositions and cynical lyrics.\nStarting with Indelibly Stamped in 1971, Davies shared lead vocals with Supertramp songwriting partner, Roger Hodgson until the latter's departure in 1983, at which point he became the sole lead vocalist of the group. Davies's voice is deeper than Hodgson's, and he usually employs a raspy baritone which stands in stark contrast to his bandmate's tenor. However, he occasionally sings in a falsetto which superficially resembles Hodgson's vocals, such as on \"Goodbye Stranger\" and \"My Kind of Lady\".", "Q1130849": "Liverpool Football Club is a professional football club in Liverpool, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club has won six European Cups, more than any other English club, three UEFA Cups, four UEFA Super Cups (both also English records), one FIFA Club World Cup, eighteen League titles, seven FA Cups, a record eight League Cups and fifteen FA Community Shields.\nFounded in 1892, the club joined the Football League the following year and has played at Anfield since its formation. Liverpool established itself as a major force in English and European football in the 1970s and 1980s when Bill Shankly, Bob Paisley, Joe Fagan and Kenny Dalglish led the club to a combined eleven League titles and four European Cups. Under the management of Rafael Ben\u00edtez and captained by homegrown player Steven Gerrard, Liverpool became European champions for the fifth time in 2005, before a sixth title was added under J\u00fcrgen Klopp in 2019.\nLiverpool was the seventh highest-earning football club in the world in 2019, with an annual revenue of \u20ac604 million, and the world's eighth most valuable football club in 2019, valued at $2.183 billion. The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world. Liverpool has long-standing rivalries with Manchester United and Everton.\nThe club's supporters have been involved in two major tragedies: the Heysel Stadium disaster, where escaping fans were pressed against a collapsing wall at the 1985 European Cup Final in Brussels, with 39 people \u2013 mostly Italians and Juventus fans \u2013 dying, after which English clubs were given a five-year ban from European competition, and the Hillsborough disaster in 1989, where 96 Liverpool supporters died in a crush against perimeter fencing.\nThe team changed from red shirts and white shorts to an all-red home strip in 1964 which has been used ever since. Red has been the main shirt colour ever since 1896. The club's anthem is \"You'll Never Walk Alone\".", "Q47180": "Gaius Petronius Arbiter (; c. 27 \u2013 66 AD) was a Roman courtier during the reign of Nero. He is generally believed to be the author of the Satyricon, a satirical novel believed to have been written during the Neronian era (54\u201368 AD).", "Q2705121": "Avedis \"Avie\" Tevanian is an American software engineer. At Carnegie Mellon University, he was a principal designer and engineer of the Mach operating system. He leveraged that work at NeXT Inc. as the foundation of the NeXTSTEP operating system. He was senior vice president of software engineering at Apple from 1997 to 2003, and then chief software technology officer from 2003 to 2006. There, he redesigned NeXTstep to become macOS, which became iOS. He was a longtime friend of Steve Jobs.", "Q1349498": "Philip Henslowe (c. 1550 \u2013 6 January 1616) was an Elizabethan theatrical entrepreneur and impresario. Henslowe's modern reputation rests on the survival of his diary, a primary source for information about the theatrical world of Renaissance London. He was portrayed by actor Geoffrey Rush in the Academy Award-winning film Shakespeare in Love.", "Q1563758": "Desir\u00e9e Glapion Rogers (born June 16, 1959) is an American businesswoman, former White House Social Secretary for President Barack Obama's office and former chief executive officer of Johnson Publishing Company (JPC). As of 2019, Rogers is the CEO of Black Opal, a cosmetics company.", "Q57393": "Anna Seghers (19 November 1900 \u2013 1 June 1983) was a German writer famous for depicting the moral experience of the Second World War. After living in Mexico City (1941\u201347) and West Berlin (1947-50), Anna Seghers eventually settled in the GDR. The pseudonym Anna Seghers was apparently based on the surname of the Dutch painter and printmaker Hercules Pieterszoon Seghers or Segers (c. 1589 \u2013 c. 1638).", "Q104725": "P\u0142ock (pronounced [pw\u0254t\u0361sk] (listen)) is a city on the Vistula river in central Poland. It is located in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999), having previously been the capital of the P\u0142ock Voivodeship (1975\u20131998). According to the data provided by GUS on 31 December 2018 there were 120,000 inhabitants in the city. Its full ceremonial name, according to the preamble to the City Statute, is Sto\u0142eczne Ksi\u0105\u017c\u0119ce Miasto P\u0142ock (the Princely or Ducal Capital City of P\u0142ock). It is used in ceremonial documents as well as for preserving an old tradition.P\u0142ock is now a capital of the powiat (county) in the west of the Mazovian Voivodeship. From 1079 to 1138 it was the capital of Poland. Its cathedral contains the sarcophagi of a number of Polish monarchs. Later on, it was a royal city of Poland. It is the cultural, academic, scientific, administrative and transportation center of the west and north Masovian region.The first Jewish settlers came to the city in the 14th century, responding to the extension of rights by the Polish kings. They built a community and constituted a large portion of the population through the 19th century, sometimes more than 40%. Jews contributed to expansion of trades and crafts, and helped the process of industrialization. In 1939, they made up 26% of the city's population. After the 1939 invasion of Poland, the German Nazis established a Jewish ghetto in P\u0142ock in 1940. They deported many of the Jews to other areas but exterminated most of them in the Holocaust. By the war's end, only 300 Jewish residents were known to have survived, of more than 10,000 in the region.", "Q4751826": "Academic professor Anastas Todorov Ishirkov (Bulgarian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0418\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432; 5 April 1868 \u2013 6 April 1937) was Bulgarian scientist, geographer and ethnographer. He was the founder of geographical science in Bulgaria and was a member of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.", "Q784418": "Oh, Sleeper is an American metalcore band from Fort Worth, Texas that formed in 2006 with former members of Terminal. In over a decade's span, Oh, Sleeper has released four full-length albums, two EPs, and toured worldwide as an opening act. After independently releasing The Titan EP and traveling in the full Van's Warped Tour 2013, the band went on hiatus to allow clean vocalist and lead guitarist Shane Blay to join As I Lay Dying members in starting California-based metal band Wovenwar. The band's fourth full-length album, Bloodied / Unbowed, was released on July 12, 2019.\n\n", "Q221535": "Eddie Jerome Vedder (born Edward Louis Severson III; December 23, 1964) is an American musician, multi-instrumentalist and singer-songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist, one of three guitarists, and the primary lyricist of the American rock band Pearl Jam.\nEddie is known for his powerful baritone vocals. He also appeared as a guest vocalist in Temple of the Dog, the one-off tribute band dedicated to the late singer Andrew Wood. Vedder has been ranked at number 7 on a list of \"Best Lead Singers of All Time\", compiled by Rolling Stone.In 2007, Vedder released his first solo album as a soundtrack for the film Into the Wild (2007). His second album Ukulele Songs and a live DVD titled Water on the Road were released in 2011.\nIn 2017, Vedder was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam.", "Q248583": "Screwball comedy is a subgenre of the romantic comedy genre that became popular during the Great Depression, originating in the early 1930s and thriving until the early 1940s. It is widely known for satirizing the traditional love story. Many secondary characteristics of this genre are similar to film noir, but it distinguishes itself for being characterized by a female that dominates the relationship with the male central character, whose masculinity is challenged. The two engage in a humorous battle of the sexes, which was a new theme for Hollywood and audiences at the time. What sets the screwball comedy apart from the generic romantic comedy is that \"screwball comedy puts its emphasis on a funny spoofing of love, while the more traditional romantic ultimately accents love.\" Other elements of the screwball comedy include fast-paced, overlapping repartee, farcical situations, escapist themes, physical battle of the sexes, disguise and masquerade, and plot lines involving courtship and marriage. Screwball comedies often depict social classes in conflict, as in It Happened One Night (1934) and My Man Godfrey (1936). Some comic plays are also described as screwball comedies.", "Q60259": "Dietrich Eckart (German: [\u02c8\u025bka\u0281t]; 23 March 1868 \u2013 26 December 1923) was a German journalist, playwright, poet, and politician who was one of the founders of the German Workers' Party, the predecessor to the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Eckart was a key influence of Adolf Hitler in the early Nazi Party, the original publisher of the party newspaper, the V\u00f6lkischer Beobachter, and the lyricist of the party anthem, Deutschland erwache. Eckart was a participant in the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923 and died shortly after his release from Landsberg Prison. Eckart was elevated to the status of a major thinker and writer upon the establishment of Nazi Germany in 1933, and has been called the spiritual father of National Socialism.", "Q830598": "Savatage () is an American heavy metal band founded by brothers Jon and Criss Oliva in 1979 at Astro Skate in Tarpon Springs, Florida. The band was first called Avatar, but, shortly before the release of their debut album Sirens (1983), they changed their name to Savatage as Avatar was already taken by another band. Savatage is considered a significant member of the American heavy metal movement of the early-to-mid 1980s, and has been cited as a key influence on many genres such as power metal, progressive metal, speed metal, thrash metal, death metal and symphonic metal.Savatage has released eleven studio albums, two live albums, four compilations and three EPs. The band first reached substantial commercial success with its third studio album Fight for the Rock (1986), which peaked at number 158 on the Billboard 200. Its next four albums\u2014Hall of the Mountain King (1987), Gutter Ballet (1989), Streets: A Rock Opera (1991) and Edge of Thorns (1993)\u2014were also successful, but more critically acclaimed than Fight for the Rock. On October 17, 1993, six months after the release of Edge of Thorns, guitarist Criss Oliva was killed in a car accident. Following his death, Jon (along with producer Paul O'Neill) decided to continue Savatage in memory of his brother. The band released four more studio albums, and went through several line-up changes before going on an extended hiatus in 2002. During the years\u2014partly even before the hiatus\u2014members founded various new bands such as Jon Oliva's Pain, Trans-Siberian Orchestra, Circle II Circle and Doctor Butcher. On August 2, 2014, Savatage announced that they were reuniting for the 2015 Wacken Open Air; although they discussed the possibility of more shows and new music, the band has not performed live since their 2015 appearance at the Wacken Open Air Festival, nor released an official statement regarding their future.", "Q49813": "Peter James Denning (born January 6, 1942) is an American computer scientist and writer. He is best known for pioneering work in virtual memory, especially for inventing the working-set model for program behavior, which addressed thrashing in operating systems and became the reference standard for all memory management policies. He is also known for his works on principles of operating systems, operational analysis of queueing network systems, design and implementation of CSNET, the ACM digital library, codifying the great principles of computing, and most recently for the book The Innovator's Way, on innovation as a set of learnable practices.\n\n", "Q229169": "Monique Angela Hicks (n\u00e9e Imes; born December 11, 1967), known professionally as Mo'Nique, is an American comedian and Academy Award winning actress. She first gained fame as a member of The Queens of Comedy, as well as her role as Nicole \"Nikki\" Parker in the UPN series The Parkers while making a name as a stand-up comedian hosting a variety of venues, including Showtime at the Apollo. Mo'Nique transitioned to film with roles in such films as Phat Girlz (2006) and Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins (2008). In 2002, she, along with several other female comedians, earned a Grammy Award nomination for Best Comedy Album.\nIn 2009, she garnered critical acclaim for her performance as the abusive Mary Lee Johnston in the film Precious and won numerous awards, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She hosted The Mo'Nique Show, a late-night talk show that premiered in 2009 on BET; it was cancelled in 2011. In 2015, she drew rave reviews for her performance as Ma Rainey in the HBO biopic Bessie and earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.", "Q913433": "Roy Jenson (February 9, 1927 \u2013 April 24, 2007) was a Canadian American actor.", "Q231726": "Hailee Steinfeld (born December 11, 1996) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. Her breakthrough role was as Mattie Ross in the drama western film True Grit (2010), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Thereafter, Steinfeld gained further prominence for roles in Ender's Game (2013), Romeo & Juliet (2013), Begin Again (2013), and 3 Days to Kill (2014). She appeared as Emily Junk in the Pitch Perfect film series (2015\u20132017), and received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Comedy or Musical for her role as Nadine Franklin in The Edge of Seventeen (2016). In 2018, she voiced Gwen Stacy / Spider-Woman in the animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse and starred in the action film Bumblebee, contributing to the latter's soundtrack. Steinfeld currently stars as Emily Dickinson in the Apple TV+ series Dickinson.\nSteinfeld made her breakthrough in music after performing \"Flashlight\" in Pitch Perfect 2 (2015), signing with Republic Records soon after and releasing her debut single, \"Love Myself\", followed by her debut extended play Haiz (2015). She has since released a series of singles, including \"Starving\", a collaboration with both Grey and Zedd, which peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States, and \"Let Me Go\", a collaboration with Alesso, Florida Georgia Line and Watt, which peaked at number 14 on the Mainstream Top 40 chart.", "Q7964724": "Walter E. Massey (born April 5, 1938) is an American educator, physicist, and executive. He is president emeritus of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC) since 2018 and previously served as its president beginning in 2010 and chancellor in 2016. He is also chairman of the board overseeing construction of the Giant Magellan Telescope, and serves as trustee chair of the City Colleges of Chicago. Massey's career had earlier seen him serve for over 10 years as president of Morehouse College. He is also a former head of the National Science Foundation, managing director of Argonne National Laboratory, and chairman of Bank of America. He has served in professorial and administrative posts at the University of California, University of Chicago, Brown University, and the University of Illinois.Throughout his more than forty years of professional life, Massey has been guided by two overarching principles: first, that science and technology are necessary to sustain the nation's quality of life and the standard of living of its citizens; and, second, that the general public's understanding of science and technology is a critical component of a democratic society. Massey's commitment to these principles has, among other areas of advocacy, additionally led him to be a proponent of the need for a strong system of national science education, as well as the need to enhance the representation of women and minorities in science and technology.\nMassey has focused on arts and design education at the college and K-12 levels, working to improve student access to the arts and to highlight the important role they play in fostering student creativity and achievement. Massey is particularly interested in the intersections between the arts and sciences and in the ways broad exposure to both prepares students for future success and contributes to a more creative and dynamic society.\nReflecting his diverse array of experience, Massey is the only individual to serve as both President and Chairman of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and as Chair of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD). Additionally, Massey is the only individual to have received both the Enrico Fermi Award for Science and Technology from the Chicago Historical Society and the Public Humanities Award from Illinois Humanities.", "Q373267": "The Faculty is a 1998 American science fiction teen horror film written by Kevin Williamson, directed by Robert Rodriguez, and starring Elijah Wood, Josh Hartnett, Shawn Hatosy, Jordana Brewster, Clea DuVall, Laura Harris, Robert Patrick, Bebe Neuwirth, Piper Laurie, Famke Janssen, Usher Raymond, Salma Hayek, and Jon Stewart.\nThe film was released on Christmas Day, 1998, by Miramax Films through Dimension Films. It grossed $40.3 million at the US box office. The film has developed a cult following in the years since its release.\n\n", "Q134180": "Truman Garcia Capote (; born Truman Streckfus Persons, September 30, 1924 \u2013 August 25, 1984) was an American novelist, short story writer, screenwriter, playwright, and actor. Several of his short stories, novels, and plays have been praised as literary classics, including the novella Breakfast at Tiffany's (1958) and the true crime novel In Cold Blood (1966), which he labeled a \"nonfiction novel\". His works have been adapted into more than 20 films and television dramas.\nCapote rose above a childhood troubled by divorce, a long absence from his mother, and multiple migrations. He had discovered his calling as a writer by age 8, and he honed his writing ability throughout his childhood. He began his professional career writing short stories. The critical success of \"Miriam\" (1945) attracted the attention of Random House publisher Bennett Cerf and resulted in a contract to write the novel Other Voices, Other Rooms (1948). Capote earned the most fame with In Cold Blood, a journalistic work about the murder of a Kansas farm family in their home. Capote spent four years writing the book, aided by his lifelong friend Harper Lee, who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird (1960).", "Q95978": "Christiane Luise Amalie Becker-Neumann (15 December 1778 \u2013 22 September 1797) was a German actress.", "Q230438": "Isabelle Caro (13 September 1982 \u2013 17 November 2010) was a French model and actress from Marseille, France, who became well known after appearing in a controversial advertising campaign \"No Anorexia\" which showed Caro with vertebrae and facial bones showing under her skin in a picture by photographer Oliviero Toscani.\n\n", "Q207294": "Babruysk, Babrujsk, or Bobruisk (Belarusian: \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a [b\u00e4\u02c8bru\u026a\u032fs\u032ak], \u0141acinka: Babrujsk, Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a, tr. Bobrujsk, IPA: [b\u0250\u02c8bru\u026a\u032fs\u032ak], Yiddish: \u05d1\u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05d9\u05e1\u05e7\u200e) is a city in the Mogilev Region of eastern Belarus on the Berezina river. It is a large city in Belarus. As of 2009, its population was 215,092. The name Babruysk (as well as that of the Babruyka River) probably originates from the Belarusian word babyor (\u0431\u0430\u0431\u0451\u0440; beaver), many of which used to inhabit the Berezina. However, beavers in the area had been almost eliminated by the end of the 19th century due to hunting and pollution.\nBabruysk occupies an area of 66 square kilometres (25 sq mi), and comprises over 450 streets whose combined length stretches for over 430 km (267 mi).\nBabruysk is located at the intersection of railroads to Asipovichy, Zhlobin, Kastrychnitski and roads to Minsk, Gomel, Mogilev, Kalinkavichy, Slutsk, and Rahachow. It has the biggest timber mill in Belarus, and is also known for its chemical, machine building and metal-working industries.\nIn 2003, there were 34 public schools in Babruysk, with over 34,000 students. There are also three schools specializing in music, dance and visual arts. Additionally, there is a medical school and numerous professional technical schools.", "Q464232": "Pamela Yvonne Tillis (born July 24, 1957) is an American country music singer and actress. She is the daughter of country music singer Mel Tillis.\nOriginally a demo singer in Nashville, Tennessee, Tillis was signed to Warner Bros. Records in 1981, for which she released nine singles and one album (that contained none of the singles), Above and Beyond the Doll of Cutey. By 1991, she had signed to Arista Nashville, entering Top 40 on Hot Country Songs for the first time with \"Don't Tell Me What to Do\", the first of five singles from her album Put Yourself in My Place. Tillis recorded five more albums for Arista Nashville between then and 2001, plus a greatest hits album and 22 more singles. Her only number 1 hit on the country charts was 1995's \"Mi Vida Loca (My Crazy Life)\", although 12 other singles made Top 10 on that chart. After exiting Arista, Tillis released It's All Relative: Tillis Sings Tillis for Lucky Dog Records in 2002, plus RhineStoned and the Christmas album Just in Time for Christmas on her own Stellar Cat label in 2007. Her albums Homeward Looking Angel (1992), Sweetheart's Dance (1994) and Greatest Hits (1997) are all certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), while Put Yourself in My Place and 1995's All of This Love are certified gold.\nShe has won two major awards: a Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals in 1999 for the multi-artist collaboration \"Same Old Train\", and the 1994 Country Music Association award for Female Vocalist of the Year followed by the CMA President's Award in 1998. Tillis has also received two Recorded Event of the Year awards from the International Bluegrass Music Association. Tillis has also earned one of country music's crowning achievements, becoming a member of the Grand Ole Opry, when she was inducted in 2000, 9 years after making her first appearance as a guest artist in 1991. She later inducted her father into the Opry in 2007.", "Q1647656": "Peter Rowan (born July 4, 1942) is an American bluegrass musician and composer. Rowan plays guitar and mandolin, yodels and sings.", "Q66628": "Robert Lehr (20 August 1883 \u2013 13 October 1956) was a German politician (DNVP, CDU). He served as Federal Minister of the Interior from 1950 to 1953 under chancellor Konrad Adenauer.\n\n", "Q61147": "Baron Dr. Carl (Karl) Ludwig von Reichenbach (full name: Karl Ludwig Freiherr von Reichenbach) (February 12, 1788 \u2013 January 1869) was a notable chemist, geologist, metallurgist, naturalist, industrialist and philosopher, and a member of the prestigious Prussian Academy of Sciences. He is best known for his discoveries of several chemical products of economic importance, extracted from tar, such as eupione, waxy paraffin, pittacal (the first synthetic dye) and phenol (an antiseptic). He also dedicated himself in his last years to research an unproved field of energy combining electricity, magnetism and heat, emanating from all living things, which he called the Odic force.", "Q440384": "Tehilla Blad (born September 5, 1995 in Uppsala) is a Swedish actress, singer, swimmer and ballet dancer best known for playing the young Lisbeth Salander in the Swedish Millennium films.", "Q75132": "Josef \u201cBeppo\u201d R\u00f6mer (17 November 1892 \u2013 25 September 1944) was a member of the Freikorps Oberland, one of the paramilitary organizations that sprang up around Germany as soldiers returned in defeat from World War I. He was later an organizer for the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). He worked against the Third Reich, plotted an assassination of Hitler in 1934 and was executed by the Nazi regime.", "Q193459": "Noel Thomas David Gallagher (born 29 May 1967) is an English singer, songwriter, and musician who holds both British and Irish citizenship. He served as the primary lyricist, lead guitarist, and co-lead vocalist of the rock band Oasis. After leaving Oasis in 2009, he formed and became the lead vocalist, guitarist, and lyricist for Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds.\nGallagher began playing guitar at the age of 13, and became a roadie and technician for Inspiral Carpets at the age of 21. He learned that his brother Liam had formed a band called The Rain, which eventually became Oasis, and Liam invited him to join them as the lead guitarist. He agreed on condition that he would write their material. The band's debut album, Definitely Maybe (1994), was a critical and commercial success. Their second album, (What's the Story) Morning Glory? (1995), reached the top of the album charts in many countries, and their third studio album, Be Here Now (1997), became the fastest-selling album in UK chart history. Britpop eventually declined in popularity and Oasis failed to revive it, though their final two albums, Don't Believe the Truth (2005) and Dig Out Your Soul (2008), were hailed as their best efforts in over a decade. In August 2009, following an altercation with Liam, Noel announced his departure from Oasis. Gallagher would go on to form Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds, with whom he has released three studio albums.\nOasis' time was marked by turbulence, especially during the peak of Britpop, during which Noel was involved in several disputes with Liam and their fights and wild lifestyles regularly made tabloid headlines. The band notably had a rivalry with fellow Britpop band Blur. Noel himself was often regarded as the spearhead of the Britpop movement, with NME deeming several Britpop bands (including Kula Shaker, Ocean Colour Scene, and Cast) \"Noelrock\". Many have praised his songwriting, with Beatles producer George Martin calling him \"the finest songwriter of his generation\". Conversely, he was voted the most overrated guitarist of the last millennium in a 1999 poll, and the ninth most overrated ever in a 2002 listener survey. He cited the former as the award he most enjoyed receiving.", "Q1246967": "Jawhar Glass (born January 18, 1980), better known by his stage name Illogic, is an American indie hip hop artist from Columbus, Ohio. He has collaborated with many artists\u2014particularly Blueprint, who has produced three of his albums, but also Aesop Rock, Vast Aire, Eyedea, Slug and other MCs. His style has been described as having \"a classically metered flow\" with \"deep lyrics and poetic verses.\"", "Q290856": "Amber Levonchuck (born October 21, 1983), known professionally as Amber Rose, is an American model and actress.\n\n", "Q888161": "Robert James \"Bob\" Neloms (born March 2, 1942, Detroit) is an American jazz pianist. He also occasionally performed on trombone and organ.\nNeloms won a scholarship contest run by Downbeat in 1959 and subsequently studied at the Berklee College of Music. He worked as a session musician for Motown Records from 1961 to 1963 and played with Eddie Henderson, Ricky Ford, and Bob Mover later in the decade. In the 1970s he played with Roy Haynes, Pharoah Sanders, Clifford Jordan, Freddie Waits, and Charles Mingus, and joined Junior Cook and Bill Hardman's group in 1978 recording with them until 1982. Concomitantly he also worked with Dannie Richmond and James Newton. He then played with Hamiett Bluiett and performed and recorded under his own name, remaining active through the late 1980s.", "Q63988": "Anton Hubert Fischer (Antonius Fischer) (30 May 1840, in J\u00fclich, Rhine Province \u2013 30 July 1912, in Neuenahr) was a Roman Catholic Archbishop of Cologne and Cardinal.\n\n", "Q116447": "Devil Sold His Soul are an ambient influenced metalcore band from London, formed in 2004 and signed to Basick Records. Three members of the band used to be in Mahumodo. They released their debut studio album A Fragile Hope on 18 June 2007, after the release of their debut EP Darkness Prevails, produced by Mark Williams. The band released their second studio album Blessed & Cursed (mixed by Steve Evetts) on 18 June 2010. On 8 August 2010 they played at the Hevy Music Festival held near Folkestone, Kent, before embarking on a UK tour with Architects. In January 2011, the band announced that bassist Iain Trotter has left the band to pursue a career outside music. He was replaced by Jozef Norocky, former guitarist of Rinoa. In mid-March 2013, Ed Gibbs announced that he would be leaving the band to also pursue a career outside the band after the upcoming music festivals were over. In April, Paul Green, one of the two vocalists of The Arusha Accord, replaced him as the band's vocalist. Devil Sold His Soul signed a deal with Basick at the end of 2013, coinciding with the release of a music video for their single \"Time\".\nOn 23 January 2017 the band announced they will be playing their debut album A Fragile Hope in full on their upcoming tour and also the return of Ed Gibbs on vocals alongside current vocalist Paul Green. It's not yet confirmed whether Gibbs' return to the line-up will extend beyond these anniversary dates.\n\n", "Q100225": "Angie Westhoff (born 1965 in Munich) is a German writer of children's literature.", "Q169293": "The 11th arrondissement of Paris (XIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as onzi\u00e8me.\nThe arrondissement, called Popincourt, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine. The arrondissement is one of the most densely populated urban districts of any European city.\n\n", "Q1365614": "EMI Music Japan Inc. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793eEMI\u30df\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30b8\u30e3\u30d1\u30f3, Kabushiki-gaisha \u012aEmuAi My\u016bjikku Japan) (formerly Toshiba EMI (\u6771\u829d\u30a4\u30fc\u30a8\u30e0\u30a2\u30a4\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e, T\u014dshiba \u012a Emu Ai Kabushiki-gaisha)) was one of Japan's leading music companies. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of British music company EMI Group Ltd. in June 30, 2007, after Toshiba sold off its previous 45% stake. Its CEO and president was Kazuhiko Koike. When EMI Music Japan was trading as Toshiba-EMI, it was involved with the production of anime. On April 1, 2013, the company became defunct, following its absorption into Universal Music Japan as a sublabel under the name EMI Records Japan.", "Q117759": "Gerard or Gerard Sagredo (Hungarian: Gell\u00e9rt; Italian: Gerardo di Sagredo; Latin: Gerardus; 23 April 977/1000 \u2013 29 August 1046) was the first Bishop of Csan\u00e1d in the Kingdom of Hungary from around 1030 to his death. Most information about his life was preserved in his legends which contain most conventional elements of medieval biographies of saints. He was born in a Venetian noble family, associated with the Sagredos or Morosinis in sources written centuries later. After a serious illness, he was sent to the Benedictine San Giorgio Monastery at the age of five. He received excellent monastic education and also learnt grammar, music, philosophy and law.\nHe left Venice for a pilgrimage to the Holy Land around 1020, but a storm compelled him to break his journey near Istria. He decided to visit the Kingdom of Hungary. Maurus, Bishop of P\u00e9cs, and Stephen I of Hungary convinced him not to continue his pilgrimage, emphasizing that Gerard's preachings could accelerate the conversion of the Hungarians. Gerard was made the tutor of the king's son and heir, Emeric. Before long, Gerard went to the Bakony Hills to live as a hermit near Bakonyb\u00e9l. Stephen I made him bishop of the newly established Diocese of Csan\u00e1d (encompassing present-day Banat in Serbia, Romania and Hungary) around 1030. Benedictine monks who could speak Hungarian helped him to preach among the local inhabitants.", "Q927796": "Gustave Geffroy (1 June 1855 \u2013 4 April 1926) was a French journalist, art critic, historian, and novelist. He was one of the ten founding members of the literary organization Acad\u00e9mie Goncourt in 1900.\nGeffroy is noted as one of the earliest historians of the Impressionist art movement. He knew and championed Monet, whom he met in 1886 in Belle-\u00cele-en-Mer while travelling for research on prisons of the Second Empire. Monet introduced him to C\u00e9zanne, who painted his portrait in 1895.\nHe contributed to the newspaper La Justice from 15 January 1880, and came to know its founder, Georges Clemenceau, who in 1908 appointed him director of the Gobelins tapestry factory, a position he held until his death.\nGeffroy was born and died in Paris, and is interred at the Cimeti\u00e8re de Montrouge. A street in Paris's 13th arrondissement, close to the Gobelins Manufactory, bears his name.", "Q1474230": "Paul Hersey (26 January 1931 - December 18, 2012) was a behavioral scientist and entrepreneur. He was best known for conceiving Situational Leadership. Hersey published Management of Organization Behavior, which is now in its ninth edition.Hersey taught about training and development in leadership, management, and selling. He was also a consultant to industrial, government, and military organizations.Hersey was born in 1931 to Ralph Emerson Hersey and Beatrice Bromell. He was a Distinguished Professor of Leadership Studies at Nova Southeastern University. He had been a faculty member of Northern Illinois University, California State University, Chico, University of Arkansas, and Ohio University. He also served in the roles of Chairman of the Department of Management and Dean of the School of Business. Hersey had also served as Project Director for the Industrial Relations Center of the University of Chicago, Training Director at Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Company, and Department Head at Sandia Corporation.Hersey's works included Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources, Organizational Change through Effective Leadership and Selling: A Behavioral Science Approach. His most recent books included The Situational Leader, Situational Selling, Situational Service: Customer Care for the Practitioner, and Situational Parenting.Hersey contributed to the Isolobella lecture series at Alliant International University in San Diego, hosted by Symlog. He received degrees from various institutions including a Doctorate of Education from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, M.B.A. Degrees from the Universities of Arkansas and Chicago, and a B.S. Degree from Seton Hall University.In the 1960s, Hersey established the Center for Leadership Studies, which provides training in Situational Leadership, as well as Situational Coaching, Parenting, and Selling. Hersey credits Douglas McGregor and Carl Rogers as being foundational to his early thinking on management and leadership.Hersey married his wife Suzanne in 1968 in Pleasants, West Virginia. and was known colloquially as 'Doc'.", "Q715315": "Arturo Mart\u00edn Jauretche (Lincoln, Buenos Aires, November 13, 1901 \u2013 Buenos Aires, May 25, 1974) was an Argentine writer, politician, and philosopher.", "Q108679": "Ruda \u015al\u0105ska [\u02c8ruda \u02c8\u0255l\u0254\u0303ska] (listen) (German: Ruda O.S.; Silesian: \u015al\u014dnsk\u014f Ruda) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. It is a district in the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union, a metropolis with a population of 2 million. It is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the K\u0142odnica river (tributary of the Oder).\nIt has been part of the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999. Previously, it was in Katowice Voivodeship, and before then, part of the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. Ruda \u015al\u0105ska is one of the cities in the Katowice urban area (population 2.7 million) and within the greater Silesian metropolitan area (population 5,294,000). The population of the city is 138,000 (December 2018).", "Q109573": "Erich Iltgen (10 July 1940 \u2013 9 June 2019) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union. From 1990 to 2009, he was president of the Saxony state parliament, the Landtag of Saxony.", "Q426015": "Wizzard were an English glam rock band formed by Roy Wood, former member of the Move and co-founder of the Electric Light Orchestra. The Guinness Book of 500 Number One Hits states, \"Wizzard was Roy Wood just as much as Wings was Paul McCartney.\" They are most famous for their 1973 Christmas song \"I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday\".", "Q1046707": "Casablanca Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group and operated under Republic Records. Under its founder Neil Bogart, Casablanca was most successful during the disco era of the mid to late 1970s. The label currently focuses on Dance and Electronic music under the direction of Rob Stevenson and Brett Alperowitz.", "Q117995": "Phyllis Logan (born 11 January 1956) is a Scottish actress, known for playing Lady Jane Felsham in Lovejoy (1986\u201393) and Mrs Hughes (later Carson) in Downton Abbey (2010\u201315). She won the BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer for the 1983 film Another Time, Another Place. Her other film appearances include Secrets & Lies (1996) and Shooting Fish (1997).", "Q361677": "Michael Ronson (26 May 1946 \u2013 29 April 1993) was an English guitarist, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, arranger, and producer. He achieved critical and commercial success working with David Bowie as one of the Spiders from Mars. He was a session musician\u2014who recorded with Bowie followed by several albums with Ian Hunter, also Morrissey\u2014as well as a sideman in touring bands with Van Morrison and Bob Dylan.Ronson and Bowie also produced Lou Reed's influential Transformer with Ronson playing lead guitar, piano and string arrangements, and brought mainstream recognition. The album is considered an influential landmark of the glam rock genre, anchored by Reed's most successful single, \"Walk on the Wild Side\".He also recorded several solo albums, the most popular being Slaughter on 10th Avenue, which reached No. 9 on the UK Albums Chart. Ronson played with various bands after his time with Bowie. A classically trained musician, Ronson was known for his melodic approach to guitar playing. He was named the 64th greatest guitarist of all time by Rolling Stone in 2003 and 41st in 2012 by the same magazine.", "Q554497": "Constantin Noica (Romanian: [konstan\u02c8tin \u02c8nojka]; July 25 [O.S. July 12] 1909 \u2013 4 December 1987) was a Romanian philosopher, essayist and poet. His preoccupations were throughout all philosophy, from epistemology, philosophy of culture, axiology and philosophic anthropology to ontology and logics, from the history of philosophy to systematic philosophy, from ancient to contemporary philosophy, from translating and interpretation to criticism and creation. In 2006 he was included to the list of the 100 Greatest Romanians of all time by a nationwide poll.", "Q1283391": "Alice is a 1988 dark fantasy film written and directed by Jan \u0160vankmajer. Its original Czech title is N\u011bco z Alenky, which means \"Something from Alice\". It is a loose adaptation of Lewis Carroll's first Alice book, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), about a girl who follows a white rabbit into a bizarre fantasy land. Alice is played by Krist\u00fdna Kohoutov\u00e1. The film combines live action with stop motion animation, and is distinguished by its dark and uncompromising production design.\nFor \u0160vankmajer, a prolific director of short films for more than two decades, Alice became his first venture into feature-length filmmaking. The director had been disappointed by other adaptations of Carroll's book, which interpret it as a fairy tale. His aim was instead to make the story play out like an amoral dream. The film won the feature film award at the 1989 Annecy International Animated Film Festival.", "Q127856": "Beverly Hills is a city in Los Angeles County, California. Located within 5.7 square miles and surrounded by the cities of Los Angeles and West Hollywood, it had a population of 34,109 at the 2010 census and an estimated population of 34,183 in 2018.The city is home to many celebrities, luxury hotels, and the Rodeo Drive shopping district.\nOriginally a Spanish ranch where lima beans were grown, Beverly Hills was incorporated in 1914 by a group of investors who had failed to find oil, but found water instead and eventually decided to develop it into a town.\n\n", "Q275170": "Maria Diane Taylor (born May 21, 1976) is an American singer/songwriter from Birmingham, Alabama. She is also a member of the duo Azure Ray with Orenda Fink. Taylor plays several instruments, including the piano, guitar, and drums, and has collaborated or performed with such artists as Bright Eyes, Moby, Michael Stipe of R.E.M., Joshua Radin, Nik Freitas and more.", "Q713770": "Harald Tammer (9 January 1899 \u2013 6 June 1942) was an Estonian journalist, athlete and weightlifter. As a heavyweight weightlifter he won a world title in 1922 and a bronze medal at the 1924 Olympics. As an athlete he competed in the shot put at the 1920 and 1924 Olympics and placed sixth and twelfth, respectively. He served as the Olympic flag bearer for Estonia in 1920, and as a representative of the Estonian Olympic team in 1928 and 1936.", "Q72649": "Johann Crotus, or in his native German Johannes J\u00e4ger, hence often called Venator, \"hunter\", but more commonly, in grecized form, crotus, \"archer', was a German Humanist. From the name of his birthplace he also received the Latinized appellation Rubianus and is generally known as Crotus Rubianus.", "Q1190355": "The International Lenin School (ILS) was an official training school operated in Moscow by the Communist International from May 1926 to 1938. It was resumed after the war, run by the CPSU and continued to the dissolution of the USSR. The ILS taught both academic courses and practical underground political techniques with a view to developing a core disciplined and reliable communist political cadres for assignment in Communist Parties around the world.", "Q100231": "Walter Friedrich Karl Weizel (1 August 1901 in Lauterecken \u2013 6 August 1982) was a German theoretical physicist and politician. As a result of his opposition to National Socialism in Germany, he was forced into early retirement for a short duration in 1933. He was a full at the University of Bonn, from 1936 to 1969. After World War II, he helped to establish the J\u00fclich Research Center, and he was a state representative of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.", "Q7483": "Emperor Shenzong of Song (25 May 1048 \u2013 1 April 1085), personal name Zhao Xu, was the sixth emperor of the Song dynasty in China. His original personal name was Zhao Zhongzhen but he changed it to \"Zhao Xu\" after his coronation. He reigned from 1067 until his death in 1085.", "Q715301": "A cartoonist (also comic strip creator, comic book artist, graphic novel artist, or comic book illustrator) is a visual artist who specializes in drawing cartoons (individual images) or comics (sequential images). Cartoonists include the artists who handle all aspects of the work and those who contribute only part of the production. Cartoonists may work in many formats, such as booklets, comic strips, comic books, editorial cartoons, graphic novels, manuals, gag cartoons, illustrations, storyboards, posters, shirts, books, advertisements, greeting cards, magazines, newspapers, and video game packaging.\n\n", "Q2049164": "Panayis Athanase Vagliano (Greek: \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 Panagis Vallianos; 1814\u20131902) was a Greek merchant and shipowner, acclaimed as the 'father of modern Greek shipping'.\nHe was born in Kerameies on the Greek island of Cefalonia, where he first became a sailor, before becoming part of the Greek diaspora.", "Q442587": "Prince Frederick Charles Alexander of Prussia (German: Friedrich Karl Alexander; 29 June 1801 \u2013 21 January 1883) was a younger son of Frederick William III of Prussia. He served as a Prussian general for much of his adult life and became the first Herrenmeister (Grand Master) of the Order of Saint John after its restoration as a chivalric order. Nevertheless, he is perhaps remembered more often for his patronage of art and for his sizable collections of art and armor.\n\n", "Q335226": "Jason Scott Lee (Chinese: \u674e\u622a; pinyin: L\u01d0 Ji\u00e9; born November 19, 1966) is an American actor and martial artist who is perhaps best known for his roles as Bruce Lee (no relation) in the 1993 martial arts film Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story and Mowgli in Disney's 1994 live action adaptation of The Jungle Book.", "Q189415": "Andr\u00e9s Arturo Garc\u00eda Men\u00e9ndez (born April 12, 1956) is an American actor and director. He is known for his appearances in successful 1980s and 1990s Hollywood films, including The Godfather Part III, The Untouchables, Internal Affairs and When a Man Loves a Woman. In the 2000s, he starred in Ocean's Eleven and its sequels, Ocean's Twelve and Ocean's Thirteen, and in The Lost City. In recent years he's had a career resurgence in such films as Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again, Book Club, The Mule and My Dinner with Herv\u00e9.\nGarc\u00eda was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Vincent Mancini in The Godfather Part III. He was Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award nominated for his titular role in For Love or Country: The Arturo Sandoval Story.", "Q67522": "Franz Hessel (November 21, 1880 \u2013 January 6, 1941) was a German writer and translator. With Walter Benjamin, he produced a German translation of three volumes of Marcel Proust's 1913-1927 work \u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu in the late 1920s.Hessel's parents, Fanny and Heinrich Hessel, came to Berlin in 1880, and joined the Lutheran church (having been born Jewish). Hessel became one of the first German exponents of the French idea of fl\u00e2nerie, and in 1929 published a collection of essays on the subject related to his native Berlin, Walking in Berlin (German: Spazieren in Berlin). Reviewing the book in 1929, Benjamin described it as \"an echo of the stories the city has told [Hessel] ever since he was a child\u2014an epic book through and through, a process of memorizing while strolling around, a book for which memory has acted not as the source but as the Muse.\" Concluding, Benjamin wrote: \"if a Berliner is willing to explore his city for any treasures other than neon advertisements, he will grow to love this book.\"Hessel's son St\u00e9phane Hessel became a diplomat.\nHessel inspired the character of Jules in Henri-Pierre Roche's novel Jules et Jim.", "Q518851": "The Sibelius Academy (Finnish: Taideyliopiston Sibelius-Akatemia, Swedish: Konstuniversitetets Sibelius-Akademi) is part of the University of the Arts Helsinki and a university-level music school which operates in Helsinki and Kuopio, Finland. It also has an adult education centre in J\u00e4rvenp\u00e4\u00e4 and a training centre in Sein\u00e4joki. The Academy is the only music university in Finland. It is among the biggest European music universities with roughly 1,700 enrolled students.\nThe Sibelius Academy is one of the organizers of the International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition held every five years in Helsinki.", "Q105349": "Oscar Emmanuel Peterson, (August 15, 1925 \u2013 December 23, 2007) was a Canadian jazz pianist and composer. He was called the \"Maharaja of the keyboard\" by Duke Ellington, but simply \"O.P.\" by his friends. He released over 200 recordings, won eight Grammy Awards, and received numerous other awards and honours. He is considered one of the greatest jazz pianists, and played thousands of concerts worldwide in a career lasting more than 60 years.", "Q238070": "Sara Ellen Allgood (29 November 1879 \u2013 13 September 1950) was an Irish\u2013American actress. She was born in Dublin, Ireland (then part of the United Kingdom) to a Catholic mother and Protestant father. She first studied drama in Inghinidhe na h\u00c9ireann (\"Daughters of Ireland\") and was in the opening of the Irish National Theatre Society. In 1904, she had her first big role in Spreading the News and the following year was a full-time actress. In 1915 she toured Australia and New Zealand as the lead in Peg o' My Heart. On that tour, she married her leading man and they had a daughter 2 years later. Both her daughter and husband died in 1918. Her acting career continued in Dublin, London and on tour, including to the USA. She also appeared in a number of films and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1941. She moved to Hollywood to live in 1940 and became an American citizen in 1945.", "Q112635": "Wonderland is a 2003 American crime drama film, co-written and directed by James Cox and based on the real-life Wonderland Murders that occurred in 1981. The film stars Val Kilmer, Kate Bosworth, Dylan McDermott, Carrie Fisher, Lisa Kudrow, Josh Lucas, Christina Applegate, Tim Blake Nelson, and Janeane Garofalo. Kilmer plays the role of John Holmes, a famous pornographic film star and suspected accomplice in four grisly murders committed in a house at 8763 Wonderland Avenue, in the Laurel Canyon section of Los Angeles.", "Q41283": "Gwangju (Korean pronunciation: [kwa\u014b.d\u0291u]) is the sixth-largest city in South Korea. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County in 2005 because Gwangju was promoted to a metropolitan city and was independent from South Jeolla province.\nIts name is composed of the words Gwang (Korean: \uad11; Hanja: \u5149) meaning \"light\" and Ju (\uc8fc; \u5dde) meaning \"province.\" Gwangju was historically recorded as Muju (\ubb34\uc8fc; \u6b66\u5dde), in which \"Silla merged all of the land to establish the provinces of Gwangju, Ungju, Jeonju, Muju and various counties, plus the southern boundary of Goguryeo and the ancient territories of Silla\" in the Samguk Sagi. In the heart of the agricultural Jeolla region, the city is also famous for its rich and diverse cuisine.", "Q944219": "Hasan Tahsin was the code name of Osman Nevres (1888 \u2013 15 May 1919), an Ottoman-born Turkish nationalist, patriot, and journalist from a Jewish D\u00f6nmeh background and a hero of the Turkish nation whose name has been given by the Turkish Armed Forces to the Information Center of the Turkish General Staff (Genelkurmay \u0130leti\u015fim Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131'n\u0131n Hasan Tahsin Bilgi Merkezi). A member of the Ottoman Special Organization, he unsuccessfully tried to assassinate the Buxton Brothers: Noel Noel-Buxton, 1st Baron Noel-Buxton and Charles Roden Buxton in Romania during World War I. He was sentenced to five-years imprisonment for the attempt. He was released when German forces overran Romania.He is the national symbol of the Turkish resistance to enemy forces. He is the first to open fire on the Greek soldiers that landed at Smyrna (present day \u0130zmir) on May 15, 1919 in the opening act of the Greek occupation of more than three years that extended over a large part of western Anatolia, as well as of the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922). He was killed on the spot on May 15, 1919 after killing the standard-bearer of the Greek forces invading \u0130zmir, becoming the first martyr of the Turkish War of Independence. At the time of his death he was publishing and writing for the newspaper \"Hukuk-u Be\u015fer\"\n(Ottoman Turkish for \"Human Rights\"). He was one of the first journalists who talked openly about women's rights.", "Q238716": "Georg von B\u00e9k\u00e9sy (Hungarian: B\u00e9k\u00e9sy Gy\u00f6rgy, IPA: [\u02c8be\u02d0ke\u02d0\u0283i]; born in Budapest, Hungary on 3 June 1899 \u2013 13 June 1972) was a Hungarian biophysicist.By using strobe photography and silver flakes as a marker, he was able to observe that the basilar membrane moves like a surface wave when stimulated by sound. Because of the structure of the cochlea and the basilar membrane, different frequencies of sound cause the maximum amplitudes of the waves to occur at different places on the basilar membrane along the coil of the cochlea. High frequencies cause more vibration at the base of the cochlea while low frequencies create more vibration at the apex.He concluded that his observations showed how different sound wave frequencies are locally dispersed before exciting different nerve fibers that lead from the cochlea to the brain. \nIn 1961, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the function of the cochlea in the mammalian hearing organ.\n\n", "Q112153": "Dr Ernst Weiss (German: Wei\u00df, August 28, 1882 \u2013 June 15, 1940) was a German-speaking Austrian author of Jewish descent. He is the author of Ich, der Augenzeuge (The Eyewitness), a novel dealing with the Hitler period.", "Q122090": "Georges Charpy, full name Georges Augustin Albert Charpy (1 September 1865 \u2013 25 November 1945) was the French scientist who created the Charpy impact test. He attended \u00c9cole Polytechnique from 1885 to 1887 and graduated with a degree in Marine Artillery. In 1887 he became a professor at \u00c9cole Monge. In 1892 he published his physics thesis. In 1920 he became a professor of metallurgy at \u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des Mines de Paris. In 1922 he became the professor of general chemistry at \u00c9cole Polytechnique.\n\n", "Q69269": "Bissone is a municipality in the district of Lugano, in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q1446296": "Alfred J. Gross (; February 22, 1918 \u2013 December 21, 2000), a.k.a. Irving J. Gross was a pioneer in mobile wireless communication. He created and patented many communications devices, specifically in relation to an early version of the walkie-talkie, Citizens' Band radio, the telephone pager and the cordless telephone.", "Q905523": "Dragi\u0161a Cvetkovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0448\u0430 \u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; 15 January 1893 \u2013 18 February 1969) was a Yugoslav politician active in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.\nHe served as the prime minister of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1939 to 1941. He developed the federalization of Yugoslavia through the creation of the Banovina of Croatia via the Cvetkovi\u0107-Ma\u010dek Agreement with Croat leader Vladko Ma\u010dek. He signed the Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact on 25 March 1941. Two days later, on March 27, a group of officers carried out a military coup, and arrested Dragi\u0161a Cvetkovi\u0107 and other ministers. German authorities arrested him on two occasions and took him to Banjica concentration camp. He fled on 4 September 1944 for Bulgaria. He spent the rest of his life in Paris.On 25 September 2009, the regional court in Cvetkovi\u0107's hometown of Ni\u0161 rehabilitated him from charges laid against him by the Yugoslav government in 1945.", "Q68177": "W\u00e4ngi is a municipality in the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q769962": "J\u00f3zsef Angster (7 July 1834 \u2013 9 June 1918) was a Hungarian organ making master and founder of the Angster dynasty, one of Central Europe's most sought after in the craft, an important figure in Hungarian applied arts history.\n\n", "Q913341": "John Clifford Farrar ( FAR-\u0259r; born 8 November 1945) is an Australian music producer, songwriter, arranger, singer, and guitarist. As a musician, Farrar is a former member of several rock and roll groups including The Mustangs (1963\u201364), The Strangers (1964\u201370), Marvin, Welch & Farrar (1970\u201373), and The Shadows (1973\u201376); in 1980 he released a solo eponymous album. As a songwriter and producer, he worked with Olivia Newton-John from 1971 through 1989. He wrote her number-one hit singles: \"Have You Never Been Mellow\" (1975), \"You're the One That I Want\" (1978 duet with John Travolta), \"Hopelessly Devoted to You\" (1978), and \"Magic\" (1980). He also produced the majority of her recorded material during that time including her number-one albums, If You Love Me, Let Me Know (1974), Have You Never Been Mellow (1975), and Olivia's Greatest Hits Vol. 2 (1982). He was a co-producer of Grease (1978) \u2013 the soundtrack for the film Grease.\nFarrar also produced Newton-John's first American number-one hit single, \"I Honestly Love You\", which was awarded the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1975. In 1969, Farrar married the Australian singer, Pat Carroll \u2013 formerly Ms. Newton-John's singing partner. In July 1970, Farrar and Carroll relocated to the United Kingdom, and starting in late 1975, they have resided in the United States. They are the parents of Sam Farrar (a Phantom Planet bassist and Maroon 5 touring member) and Max Farrar (a Golden Ghost guitarist and keyboardist).", "Q3183": "Perth ( (listen) PURTH) is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia (WA). It is named after the city of Perth, Scotland and is Australia's fourth-most populous city, with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth. Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia, with most of the metropolitan area on the Swan Coastal Plain, a narrow strip between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp. The first areas settled were on the Swan River at Guildford, with the city's central business district and port (Fremantle) both later founded downriver.\nCaptain James Stirling founded Perth in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony. It gained city status (currently vested in the smaller City of Perth) in 1856 and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929. The city inherited its name due to the influence of Sir George Murray, then Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. The city's population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century. During Australia's involvement in World War II, Fremantle served as a base for submarines operating in the Pacific Theatre, and a US Navy Catalina flying boat fleet was based at Matilda Bay. An influx of immigrants after the war, predominantly from Britain, Italy, Greece, and Yugoslavia, led to rapid population growth. This was followed by a surge in economic activity flowing from several mining booms in the late 20th and early 21st centuries that saw Perth become the regional headquarters for several large mining operations.\nAs part of Perth's role as the capital of Western Australia, the state's Parliament and Supreme Court are in the city, as is Government House, the residence of the Governor of Western Australia. Perth came seventh in the Economist Intelligence Unit's August 2016 list of the world's most liveable cities and was classified by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network in 2010 as a Beta world city. It hosted the 1962 Commonwealth Games.\nPerth is divided into 30 local government areas and 250 suburbs, stretching from Two Rocks in the north to Singleton in the south, and east inland to The Lakes. Outside of the main CBD, important urban centres within Perth include Armadale, Fremantle, Joondalup, Midland and Rockingham. Most of those were originally established as separate settlements and retained a distinct identity after being subsumed into the wider metropolitan area. Mandurah, Western Australia's second-largest city, has in recent years formed a conurbation with Perth along the coast, though for most purposes it is still considered a separate city.", "Q1176808": "David Tanenbaum (born 1956) is an American classical guitarist.", "Q104731": "Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski [\u02c8\u0261\u0254\u0290uf v\u02b2\u025blk\u0254\u02c8p\u0254lsk\u02b2i] (listen) (German: Landsberg an der Warthe; Kashubian: \u0141\u0105cbarg), often abbreviated to Gorz\u00f3w Wlkp. or simply Gorz\u00f3w, is a city in western Poland, on the Warta river. It is the second largest city in the Lubusz Voivodeship with 123,921 inhabitants (December 2018) and one of its two capitals with a seat of a Voivodeship governor (the other is Zielona G\u00f3ra). Previously it was the capital of the Gorz\u00f3w Voivodeship (1975\u20131998).\nGorz\u00f3w is known for its successful sportsmen, including Olympic and world champions and national representatives. The city is also known as the hometown of former Polish Prime Minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz.\nAround Gorz\u00f3w, there are two large forest areas: Gorz\u00f3w Woods to the north, where the Barlinek-Gorz\u00f3w Landscape Park is situated, and Note\u0107 Woods to the southeast. The biggest oil fields in Poland are located near Gorz\u00f3w.", "Q57387": "Martin Walser (born 24 March 1927) is a German writer.", "Q92965": "Aravind Krishna Joshi (August 5, 1929 \u2013 December 31, 2017) was the Henry Salvatori Professor of Computer and Cognitive Science in the computer science department of the University of Pennsylvania. Joshi defined the tree-adjoining grammar formalism which is often used in computational linguistics and natural language processing.\nJoshi studied at Pune University and the Indian Institute of Science, where he was awarded a BE in electrical engineering and a DIISc in communication engineering respectively. Joshi's graduate work was done in the electrical engineering department at the University of Pennsylvania, and he was awarded his PhD in 1960. He became a professor at Penn and was the co-founder and co-director of the Institute for Research in Cognitive Science.", "Q730817": "George Augustine Taylor (1 August 1872 \u2013 20 January 1928) was an Australian artist, journalist, and inventor.\n\n", "Q5298246": "Dorothea Jameson (November 16, 1920 \u2013 April 12, 1998) was an American cognitive psychologist who greatly contributed to the field of color and vision.\n\n", "Q299866": "Eva-Maria Westbroek (born 26 April 1970) is a Dutch soprano opera singer.", "Q156711": "Uzhhorod (Ukrainian: \u0423\u0301\u0436\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434, romanized: U\u017ehorod, pronounced [\u02c8u\u0292\u0266orod]; Rusyn: \u0423\u0491\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434, romanized: Ugohrad, or \u0423\u0436\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 U\u017ehorod) previously and historically known as Ungv\u00e1r (in Hungarian; German: Ungwar) is a city located in western Ukraine, at the border with Slovakia and near the border with Hungary. The city is located nearly within the same distance to the three nearest seas: the Baltic, the Adriatic and the Black Sea (650-690 km) making it the most inland city in this part of Europe. It is the administrative center of Zakarpattia Oblast (region), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Uzhhorod Raion (district) within the oblast. The city itself is also designated as city of oblast significance, a status equivalent to that of a raion, and does not belong to Uzhhorod Raion. Population: 115,163\u2009(2016 est.).\n\n", "Q1536003": "Philips Records is a record label founded by the Dutch electronics company Philips. In 1946, Philips acquired the company which pressed records for British Decca's Dutch outlet in Amsterdam.\n\n", "Q356965": "Andrey Yuryevich Kurkov (Ukrainian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u042e\u0440\u0456\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432; Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u042e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432; born 23 April 1961 in Leningrad, USSR) is a Ukrainian novelist and an independent thinker who writes in Russian. He is the author of 19 novels, including the bestselling Death and the Penguin, 9 books for children, and about 20 documentary, fiction and TV movie scripts. His work is currently translated into 37 languages, including English, Spanish,Japanese, French, German, Italian, Chinese, Swedish, Persian and Hebrew, and published in 65 countries. Kurkov, who has long been a respected commentator on Ukraine for the international media, notably in Europe and the United States, has written assorted articles for various publications worldwide. His books are full of black humour, post-Soviet reality and elements of surrealism.", "Q297693": "Keinan Abdi Warsame (Somali: Keynaan Abdi Warsame, Arabic: \u0643\u064e\u064a\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u064e\u0628\u062f\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e\u200e Kayn\u0101n \u02bfAbdi Warsama), better known by his stage name K'naan (), is a Somali Canadian poet, rapper, singer, songwriter, and instrumentalist. He rose to prominence with the success of his single \"Wavin' Flag\", which was chosen as Coca-Cola's promotional anthem for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Besides hip hop, K'naan's sound is influenced by elements of Somali music and world music. He is also involved in various philanthropic initiatives.", "Q310930": "Jack Arthur Davenport (born 1 March 1973) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles in the television series This Life and Coupling, and as James Norrington in the Pirates of the Caribbean series. He has also appeared in other Hollywood films, such as The Talented Mr. Ripley and Kingsman: The Secret Service. He was part of the ensemble cast in the drama series FlashForward and Smash, and took the lead role in the 2013 ITV drama series Breathless.", "Q65453": "Illgau is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.", "Q1794": "Frankfurt (officially: Frankfurt am Main (German: [\u02c8f\u0281a\u014bkf\u028a\u0281t \u0294am \u02c8ma\u026an] (listen); Hessian: Frangford am Maa; lit. \"Frank ford on the Main\")) is a metropolis and the largest city of the German federal state of Hesse, and its 746,878 (2017) inhabitants make it the fifth-largest city in Germany. On the River Main (a tributary of the Rhine), it forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring city of Offenbach am Main, and its urban area has a population of 2.3 million. The city is at the centre of the larger Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.5 million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr Region. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about 40 km (25 mi) to the east of Frankfurt's central business district. Like France and Franconia, the city is named after the Franks. Frankfurt is the largest city in the Rhine Franconian dialect area, Frankfurt was one of the host cities of the official tournaments of the 1974 and the 2006 FIFA World Cup.\nFrankfurt was a city state, the Free City of Frankfurt, for nearly five centuries, and was one of the most important cities of the Holy Roman Empire, as a site of imperial coronations; it lost its sovereignty upon the collapse of the empire in 1806 and then permanently in 1866, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia. It has been part of the federal state of Hesse since 1945. Frankfurt is culturally, ethnically, and religiously diverse, with half of its population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population consists of foreign nationals, including many expatriates.\nFrankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation. It is the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Frankfurt Airport is among the world's busiest. Frankfurt is the major financial centre of the European continent, with the headquarters of the European Central Bank, Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, DZ Bank, KfW, Commerzbank, several cloud and fintech startups and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Frankfurt Motor Show, the world's largest motor show, the Music Fair, and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair.\nFrankfurt is home to influential educational institutions, including the Goethe University, the UAS, the FUMPA, and graduate schools like the Frankfurt School of Finance & Management. Its renowned cultural venues include the concert hall Alte Oper, Europe's largest English theatre and many museums (e.g. the Museumsufer ensemble with St\u00e4del and Liebieghaus, Senckenberg Natural Museum, Goethe House, and the Schirn art venue at the old town). Frankfurt's skyline is shaped by some of Europe's tallest skyscrapers. The city is also characterised by various green areas and parks, including the central Wallanlagen, the City Forest and two major botanical gardens, the Palmengarten and the University's Botanical Garden. Very important is also the Frankfurt Zoo. In electronic music, Frankfurt has been a pioneering city since the 1980s, with renowned DJs including Sven V\u00e4th, Marc Trauner, Scot Project, Kai Tracid, and the clubs Dorian Gray, U60311, Omen and Cocoon. In sports, the city is known as the home of the top tier football club Eintracht Frankfurt, the L\u00f6wen Frankfurt ice hockey team, the basketball club Frankfurt Skyliners, the Frankfurt Marathon and the venue of Ironman Germany.", "Q330438": "David Mansfield (born September 13, 1956) is an American musician and composer.\nMansfield was raised in Leonia, New Jersey. His father, Newton Mansfield was a first violinist in the New York Philharmonic. David played guitar, pedal steel guitar and fiddle in his first band, called Quacky Duck and His Barnyard Friends, which also included two sons of Tony Bennett. Bob Dylan asked Mansfield to tour with him on his 1975 Rolling Thunder Revue tour; he remained in Dylan's band through their 1978 world tour.After the Revue ended in 1976, Mansfield and two other members of Dylan's band, T-Bone Burnett and Steven Soles, formed The Alpha Band. The band released three albums, The Alpha Band in 1977, Spark in the Dark in 1977, and The Statue Makers of Hollywood in 1978. While Mansfield in 1978 was working on the album, The Statue Makers of Hollywood with The Alpha Band, he appeared as a guitarist on Desire Wire by a struggling pop/rock artist Cindy Bullens that same year.In 1986 Mansfield was an initial member of Bruce Hornsby and the Range, including playing the title instrument on the hit \"Mandolin Rain\". However, he left the Range before their first tour.\nSince The Alpha Band broke up, Mansfield has continued to work as a musician in sessions for Dylan, Burnett, Johnny Cash, Nanci Griffith, Roger McGuinn, Sam Phillips, Mark Heard, The Roches, Edie Brickell, Spinal Tap, Lucinda Williams, Dwight Yoakam, Victoria Williams, Loudon Wainwright III, Willie Nile, Chris Hillman and Herb Pedersen and others.\nMansfield composed the music for the 1980 film Heaven's Gate \u2013 he appeared in the movie, playing the fiddle on roller skates \u2013 and has since gone on to write scores for a number of other films, including others directed by Heaven's Gate's Michael Cimino. Mansfield cobbled together the soundtrack album for Songcatcher. He also composed the music for the soundtrack to The Ballad of Little Jo (1993), a movie written and directed by Maggie Greenwald, whom he married in 1993. Together they adopted two children. Maisie Mansfield-Greenwald (1997) and Lulu Mansfield-Greenwald (2000). They divorced in 2019. He also composed the score with Van Dyke Parks for Walter Hill's Broken Trail (2006), and they were nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special (Original Dramatic Score).", "Q106126": "Simone Signoret (French: [sim\u0254n si\u0272\u0254\u0281\u025b]; 25 March 1921 \u2013 30 September 1985) was a French cinema actress often hailed as one of France's greatest film stars. She became the second French person to win an Academy Award, for her role in Room at the Top (1959).\n\nIn her lifetime she also received two C\u00e9sars, three BAFTAs, an Emmy, a Cannes Film Festival Award, the Silver Bear for Best Actress awards, an NBR Award and a Golden Globe nomination.", "Q28234": "Les Mis\u00e9rables is a 2012 epic historical period musical film directed by Tom Hooper and scripted by William Nicholson, Alain Boublil, who wrote the original French lyrics, Claude-Michel Sch\u00f6nberg, who wrote the music, and Herbert Kretzmer, who wrote the English lyrics, based on the 1862 French novel of the same name by Victor Hugo, which also inspired a 1980 musical by Boublil and Sch\u00f6nberg. The film is a British and American venture distributed by Universal Pictures. The film stars an ensemble cast led by Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Anne Hathaway, Eddie Redmayne, Amanda Seyfried, Helena Bonham Carter, and Sacha Baron Cohen.\nThe film takes place in France during the early 19th century and tells the story of Jean Valjean who, while being hunted for decades by the ruthless policeman Javert after breaking parole, agrees to care for a factory worker's daughter. The story reaches resolution against the background of the June Rebellion of 1832.\nFollowing the release of the 1980 musical, a film adaptation was mired in \"development hell\" for over ten years, as the rights were passed on to several major studios, and various directors and actors considered. In 2011, producer Cameron Mackintosh sold the film rights to Eric Fellner, who financed the film through his Working Title Films. In June 2011, production of the film officially began, with Hooper and Mackintosh serving as director and producer, and the main characters were cast later that year. Principal photography commenced in March 2012, with a budget of $61 million. Filming took place on locations in Greenwich, London, Chatham, Winchester, Bath, and Portsmouth, England; in Gourdon, France; and on soundstages in Pinewood Studios.\nLes Mis\u00e9rables held its world premiere at Leicester Square in London on 5 December 2012, and was released 25 December 2012 in the United States and 11 January 2013 in the United Kingdom. It grossed over $441 million worldwide. The film received generally favourable reviews, with many critics praising the direction, production values, musical numbers and the cast performances, with Jackman, Hathaway, Bonham Carter, Redmayne, Seyfried and Samantha Barks being the most often singled out for praise. The film won three Golden Globe Awards: Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy, Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for Jackman, and Best Supporting Actress for Hathaway. It also won four British Academy Film Awards (BAFTA), including for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Hathaway. Additionally, it received eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture (the first musical nominated since 2002's winner Chicago) and Best Actor for Jackman, and won three, for Best Sound Mixing, Best Makeup and Hairstyling, and Best Supporting Actress for Hathaway.", "Q560733": "Harold Brodkey (October 25, 1930 \u2013 January 26, 1996), born Aaron Roy Weintraub, was an American short-story writer and novelist.\n\n", "Q261104": "Kelly Stables (born January 26, 1978) is an American actress who has appeared on stage, as well as in film and television. She is known for her television roles, such as Melissa on Two and a Half Men, Eden Konkler on The Exes, and Kelly on Superstore.", "Q190145": "Spider-Man 2 is a 2004 American superhero film directed by Sam Raimi and written by Alvin Sargent from a story by Alfred Gough, Miles Millar and Michael Chabon. A sequel to the 2002 film Spider-Man, it is the second installment in the Spider-Man trilogy based on the fictional Marvel Comics character of the same name. Tobey Maguire stars as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, alongside Kirsten Dunst, James Franco, Alfred Molina, Rosemary Harris, and Donna Murphy.\nSet two years after the events of Spider-Man, the film finds Peter Parker struggling to manage both his personal life and his duties as Spider-Man, which affects his civilian life dramatically. Meanwhile, Dr. Otto Octavius becomes a diabolical villain after a failed experiment kills his wife and leaves him neurologically fused to mechanical tentacles. Spider-Man must stop him from successfully recreating the experiment, which threatens to destroy the city, while dealing with a subconscious desire to stop being Spider-Man that is stripping him of his powers.\nPrincipal photography began in April 2003 in New York City and also took place in Los Angeles. Spider-Man 2 was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters on June 30, 2004, to highly positive reviews and grossed $789 million worldwide, becoming the third highest-grossing film of the year. It won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects and was also nominated for Best Sound Mixing and Best Sound Editing; it also received five awards at the Saturn Awards, including Best Fantasy Film and Best Director for Raimi. It is considered as one of the most influential and best superhero films of all-time. Its success led to Spider-Man 3 (2007).", "Q518850": "Alicia Moreau de Justo (October 11, 1885 \u2013 May 12, 1986) was an Argentine physician, politician, pacifist and human rights activist. She was a leading figure in feminism and socialism in Argentina. Since the beginning of the 20th century, she got involved in public claims for opening rights for women. In 1902, joined by a fellow activists, she founded the Feminist Socialist Center of Argentina and the Feminine Work Union of Argentina.", "Q20668": "Harro Paul Harring (1798\u20131870) was a German-Danish revolutionary and writer. Often identified as Danish, he was, more accurately, from North Frisia.", "Q276478": "Ashley Christina Hartman (born August 31, 1985) is an American actress, fashion model, singer, and television presenter.", "Q710278": "Arthur Laing, (9 September 1904 \u2013 13 February 1975), a Canadian politician, was actively involved with the BC Liberals, but his primary achievements were federally as a Liberal member of parliament. He served in the cabinets of prime ministers Lester B. Pearson and Pierre Trudeau.", "Q4662235": "Aaron Marcus (born 22 May 1943) is an American user-interface and information-visualization designer, as well as a computer graphics artist.\n\n", "Q175877": "William Harris Crawford (February 24, 1772 \u2013 September 15, 1834) was an American politician and judge during the early 19th century. He served as United States Secretary of War and United States Secretary of the Treasury before running for president in the 1824 election.\nBorn in Virginia, Crawford moved to Georgia at a young age. After studying law, Crawford won election to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1803. He aligned with the Democratic-Republican Party and U.S. Senator James Jackson. In 1807, the Georgia legislature elected Crawford to the United States Senate. After the death of Vice President George Clinton, Crawford's position as president pro tempore of the Senate made him first in the presidential line of succession from April 1812 to March 1813. In 1813, President James Madison appointed Crawford as the U.S. minister to France, and Crawford held that post for the remainder of the War of 1812. After the war, Madison appointed him to the position of Secretary of War. In October 1816, Madison chose Crawford for the position of Secretary of the Treasury, and Crawford would remain in that office for the remainder of Madison's presidency and for the duration of James Monroe's presidency.\nCrawford suffered a severe stroke in 1823, but nonetheless sought to succeed Monroe in the 1824 election. The Democratic-Republican Party splintered into factions as several others also sought the presidency. No candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, so the United States House of Representatives chose the president in a contingent election. Under the terms of the Constitution, the House selected from the three candidates who received the most electoral votes, leaving Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and Crawford in the running. The House selected Adams, who asked Crawford to remain at Treasury. Refusing Adams's offer, Crawford accepted appointment to the Georgia state superior court. He considered running in the 1832 presidential election, either for the presidency or the vice presidency, but ultimately chose not to run.", "Q67523": "Biasca is a town of the district of Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q7342130": "Robert Hamilton Blackburn (December 10, 1920 \u2013 April 21, 2003) was an African-American artist, teacher, and printmaker.", "Q312698": "Frederick Theodore Albert Delius, CH ( 29 January 1862 \u2013 10 June 1934), originally Fritz Delius, was an English composer. Born in Bradford, West Yorkshire to a prosperous mercantile family, he resisted attempts to recruit him to commerce. He was sent to Florida in the United States in 1884 to manage an orange plantation. He soon neglected his managerial duties and in 1886 returned to Europe.\nHaving been influenced by African-American music during his short stay in Florida, he began composing. After a brief period of formal musical study in Germany beginning in 1886, he embarked on a full-time career as a composer in Paris and then in nearby Grez-sur-Loing, where he and his wife Jelka lived for the rest of their lives, except during the First World War.\nDelius's first successes came in Germany, where Hans Haym and other conductors promoted his music from the late 1890s. In Delius's native Britain, his music did not make regular appearances in concert programmes until 1907, after Thomas Beecham took it up. Beecham conducted the full premiere of A Mass of Life in London in 1909 (he had premiered Part II in Germany in 1908); he staged the opera A Village Romeo and Juliet at Covent Garden in 1910; and he mounted a six-day Delius festival in London in 1929, as well as making gramophone recordings of many of the composer's works. After 1918, Delius began to suffer the effects of syphilis, contracted during his earlier years in Paris. He became paralysed and blind, but completed some late compositions between 1928 and 1932 with the aid of an amanuensis, Eric Fenby.\nThe lyricism in Delius's early compositions reflected the music he had heard in America and the influences of European composers such as Edvard Grieg and Richard Wagner. As his skills matured, he developed a style uniquely his own, characterised by his individual orchestration and his uses of chromatic harmony. Delius's music has been only intermittently popular, and often subject to critical attacks. The Delius Society, formed in 1962 by his more dedicated followers, continues to promote knowledge of the composer's life and works, and sponsors the annual Delius Prize competition for young musicians.", "Q462656": "Edward Samuel \"Ted\" Rogers Jr., OC (May 27, 1933 \u2013 December 2, 2008) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist. He was the president and CEO of Rogers Communications Inc., and the fifth-richest person in Canada in terms of net worth.\n\n", "Q78403": "August Giacomo Jochmus (after 1859:) Freiherr von Cotignola (born February 27, 1808 in Hamburg, Germany, died 14 September 1881 in Bamberg, Germany) was an Austrian lieutenant field marshal, and minister of the German Confederation. He spent his life in Greek, English, Spanish and Turkish service, was briefly foreign minister and Navy minister of the Frankfurt Parliament of the German Confederation in 1849 and finished his career as an Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal.", "Q242905": "Liane de Pougy (born Anne Marie Chassaigne, 2 July 1869 \u2013 26 December 1950), was a Folies Berg\u00e8re vedette and dancer renowned as one of Paris's most beautiful and notorious courtesans.", "Q72890": "Camilla Horn (25 April 1903 \u2013 14 August 1996) was a German dancer and a film star of the silent and sound era. She starred in several Hollywood films of the late 1920s and in a few British and Italian productions.", "Q235555": "Nancy Jane Meyers (born December 8, 1949) is an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. She is the writer, producer, and director of a number of big-screen successes, including The Parent Trap (1998), What Women Want (2000), Something's Gotta Give (2003), The Holiday (2006), It's Complicated (2009), and The Intern (2015).", "Q74239": "Theodor Steltzer (December 17, 1885, Trittau \u2013 October 27, 1967) was a German politician (CDU), former Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein (1946\u20131947) and was a member of the Kreisau Circle during World War II, becoming involved while stationed in Occupied Norway as a transportation officer in the Wehrmacht. He was born in Trittau and died in Munich.", "Q6835643": "The Michaelis School of Fine Art was founded in 1925, and is the Fine Arts department of the University of Cape Town. The School's current Director is Associate Professor Berni Searle .\nThere are three research institutions associated with the school, namely The Lucy Lloyd Archive, Research and Exhibition Centre (LLAREC), the Centre for Curating the Archive (CCA) and the Katrine Harries Print Cabinet, which has been instrumental in promoting printmaking as well as conserving and exhibiting prints in the collection. \nThe major graduate degree offered at the School is the Master of Fine Art where students work in both new and traditional fine art disciplines.", "Q88082": "Alfred von Kremer (* May 13 1828 in Penzing (Vienna 14th district) at Vienna; \u2020 December 27 1889 in D\u00f6bling was an Austrian orientalist and politician.", "Q3935937": "Woodlawn Cemetery, Mortuary & Mausoleum is located at 1847 14th Street in Santa Monica, California, United States. It is owned and operated by the city of Santa Monica.", "Q234893": "Milena Jesensk\u00e1 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8m\u026al\u025bna \u02c8j\u025bs\u025bnska\u02d0]; 10 August 1896 \u2013 17 May 1944) was a Czech journalist, writer, editor and translator.", "Q1277577": "Sir Frank P. Lowy, (born 22 October 1930) is an Australian-Israeli businessman of Jewish Slovakian-Hungarian origins and the former long-time Chairman of Westfield Corporation, a global shopping centre company with US$29.3 billion of assets under management in the United States, United Kingdom and Europe. In June 2018 Westfield Corporation was acquired by French company Unibail-Rodamco. He is a former Chairman of Scentre Group, the owner and manager of Westfield-branded shopping centres in Australia and New Zealand.With an assessed net worth of A$8.26 billion in 2017, Lowy is ranked as the fourth richest Australian according to the Financial Review Rich List; having been the richest person in Australia during 2010. Forbes Asia magazine assessed Lowy's net worth at US$4.6 billion in January 2014. In 2019, Forbes placed him fourth in its Australia's 50 Richest 2019 with the net worth at US$6.5 billion.He is Chairman of the Institute for National Securities Studies, an independent academic institute that studies key issues relating to Israel\u2019s national security and Middle East affairsLowy is the founder of the Lowy Institute\u2014Australia's leading foreign affairs think tank, which has alternatively been described as \"neoliberal\", \"centre-right\" leaning or \"reactionary\"", "Q65334": "Nicholas R\u00e9my, Latin Remigius (1530\u20131616) was a witch-phobic French magistrate who claimed in his book to have overseen the execution of more than 800 and the torture or persecution of a similar number. His work shows much influence from Jean Bodin.", "Q106641": "Johann Christian Bach (September 5, 1735 \u2013 January 1, 1782) was a German composer of the Classical era, the eighteenth child of Johann Sebastian Bach, and the youngest of his eleven sons. After a spell in Italy, Bach moved to London in 1762, where he became known as \"the London Bach\". He is also sometimes known as \"the English Bach\", and during his time spent living in the British capital, he came to be known as John Bach. He is noted for playing a role in influencing the concerto styles of Haydn and Mozart.", "Q109572": "Hermann Josef P\u00fcnder (1 April 1888 in Trier \u2013 3 October 1976 in Fulda) was a German politician in the German Centre Party and the Christian Democratic Union. His older brother was the lawyer Werner P\u00fcnder.", "Q194445": "Cairo University (Arabic: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u200e, romanized: G\u0101m\u2018et El Q\u0101hira), known as the Egyptian University from 1908 to 1940, and King Fuad I University from 1940 to 1952, is Egypt's premier public university. Its main campus is in Giza, immediately across the Nile from Cairo. It was founded on 21 December 1908; however, after being housed in various parts of Cairo, its faculties, beginning with the Faculty of Arts, were established on its current main campus in Giza in October 1929. It is the second oldest institution of higher education in Egypt after Al Azhar University, notwithstanding the pre-existing higher professional schools that later became constituent colleges of the university. It was founded and funded as the Egyptian University by a committee of private citizens with royal patronage in 1908 and became a state institution under King Fuad I in 1925. In 1940, four years following his death, the University was renamed King Fuad I University in his honor. It was renamed a second time after the Egyptian revolution of 1952. \nThe University currently enrolls approximately 155,000 students in 20 faculties. It counts three Nobel Laureates among its graduates and is one of the 50 largest institutions of higher education in the world by enrollment.", "Q24368": "Barbara Palvin (pronounced [\u02c8b\u0252rb\u0252r\u0252 \u02c8p\u0252lvin]; born 8 October 1993) is a Hungarian model. She first appeared in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue in 2016. In 2019, she became a Victoria's Secret Angel.", "Q106127": "Albert Paulig (14 January 1873 \u2013 19 March 1933) was a German film actor who was popular during the silent era. Paulig made his first film in 1914. The following year he appeared in one of Ernst Lubitsch's first directorial attempts A Trip on the Ice (1915). Paulig was in a number of Harry Piel thrillers including The Man Without Nerves (1924).", "Q460727": "Hermann Glauert, FRS (4 October 1892 \u2013 6 August 1934) was a British aerodynamicist and Principal Scientific Officer of the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough until his death in 1934.\nGlauert was born in Sheffield, Yorkshire; his father Louis Glauert was a cutlery manufacturer. He died in Aldershot, Hampshire.\nGlauert wrote numerous reports and memoranda dealing with aerofoil and propeller theory. His book, The Elements of Aerofoil and Airscrew Theory was the single most important instrument for spreading airfoil and wing theory around the English speaking world.\nGlauert independently developed Prandtl-Glauert method from the then-existing aerodynamic theory and published his results in The Proceedings of the Royal Society in 1928. In the 1930s, he was the academic supervisor of aerodynamicist and educationalist Gwen Alston.\nGlauert died aged 41 in an accident in a small park in Fleet common in Farnborough.\nThe tragic and incalculable accident which resulted in the death of Hermann Glauert concerned us also, though less intimately. H. Glauert was a distinguished Edwardian of the early days, leaving the School with a mathematical scholarship to Trinity, Cambridge, in 1910. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society, principal scientific officer at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, and no less than an international authority on aeronautical science (cf Prandtl-Glauert singularity). He was killed by a chance fragment of a tree that was being blown up on Aldershot Common.", "Q75641": "Bombs on Monte Carlo (German: Bomben auf Monte Carlo) is a 1931 German musical comedy film directed by Hanns Schwarz and starring Hans Albers, Anna Sten, and Heinz R\u00fchmann. The film is based on the novel Bomben auf Monte Carlo (1930) by Fritz Reck-Malleczewen. It premiered at the Ufa-Palast am Zoo in August 1931.\nThe film is known for featuring the German a capella band Comedian Harmonists, who perform the song Das ist die Liebe der Matrosen.", "Q64994": "Matzingen (Swiss German: Matzinge) is a municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q429441": "La Orca (also known as Snatch) is a 1976 Italian exploitation crime film directed by Eriprando Visconti. It was followed by a sequel, Oedipus Orca, filmed the same year.\n\n", "Q185548": "Jostein Gaarder (Norwegian: [\u02c8j\u00f9\u02d0st\u00e6\u026an \u02c8\u0261\u00f2\u02d0rd\u0259r]; born 8 August 1952) is a Norwegian intellectual and author of several novels, short stories and children's books. Gaarder often writes from the perspective of children, exploring their sense of wonder about the world. He often utilizes metafiction in his works and constructs stories within stories. His best known work is the novel Sophie's World: A Novel About the History of Philosophy (1991). It has been translated into 60 languages; there are over 40 million copies in print.", "Q18154031": "Show Me a Hero is a 2015 American miniseries based on the 1999 nonfiction book of the same name by former New York Times writer Lisa Belkin. Like the book, the miniseries details a white middle-class neighborhood's resistance to a federally mandated scattered-site public housing development in Yonkers, New York, and how the tension of the situation affected the city as a whole. The miniseries was written by David Simon and journalist William F. Zorzi, whom Simon worked with at The Baltimore Sun and on the HBO series The Wire. It was directed by Paul Haggis. Six episodes were ordered by HBO; the miniseries premiered on August 16, 2015.", "Q22719": "Astronautics (or cosmonautics) is the theory and practice of travel beyond Earth's atmosphere.\nThe term astronautics (originally astronautique in French) was coined in the 1920s by J.-H. Rosny, president of the Goncourt academy, in analogy with aeronautics. Because there is a degree of technical overlap between the two fields, the term aerospace is often used to describe both at once. In 1930, Robert Esnault-Pelterie published the first book on the new research field.The term cosmonautics (originally cosmonautique in French) was introduced in 1930s by Ary Sternfeld with his book Initiation \u00e0 la Cosmonautique (Introduction to cosmonautics) (the book brought him the Prix REP-Hirsch, later known as the Prix d'Astronautique, of the French Astronomical Society in 1934.)\nAs with aeronautics, the restrictions of mass, temperatures, and external forces require that applications in space survive extreme conditions: high-grade vacuum, the radiation bombardment of interplanetary space and the magnetic belts of low Earth orbit. Space launch vehicles must withstand titanic forces, while satellites can experience huge variations in temperature in very brief periods. Extreme constraints on mass cause astronautical engineers to face the constant need to save mass in the design in order to maximize the actual payload that reaches orbit.", "Q235233": "Adriana Barraza (born March 5, 1956) is a Mexican actress, acting teacher, and director.\nIn 1999 director Alejandro Gonz\u00e1lez I\u00f1\u00e1rritu cast her as the mother of Gael Garc\u00eda Bernal's character in Amores perros, which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. In 2006, she recollaboated with I\u00f1\u00e1rritu in Babel, for which she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.\nBarraza is known in Mexico as Master Barraza from her partnership with Mexican director Sergio Jim\u00e9nez, known as El Profe. They created the Actors Workshop in Mexico City, teaching and developing their own version of Method acting. Barraza began her career directing telenovela episodes, the actors in which she would also coach. In the 1990s she decided to step in front of the camera.\nShe currently operates her own acting school located in Miami, Florida titled Adriana Barraza's Black Box. Instructors at the school include her husband Arnaldo and daughter Carolina.", "Q273266": "Anna Funder (born 1966) is an Australian author. She is the author of Stasiland and All That I Am and the novella The Girl With the Dogs.\n\n", "Q57386": "Kurt Tucholsky (German: [tu\u02c8x\u0254lski]; 9 January 1890 \u2013 21 December 1935) was a German-Jewish journalist, satirist, and writer. He also wrote under the pseudonyms Kaspar Hauser (after the historical figure), Peter Panter, Theobald Tiger and Ignaz Wrobel. Born in Berlin-Moabit, he moved to Paris in 1924 and then to Sweden in 1929.Tucholsky was one of the most important journalists of the Weimar Republic. As a politically engaged journalist and temporary co-editor of the weekly magazine Die Weltb\u00fchne he proved himself to be a social critic in the tradition of Heinrich Heine. He was simultaneously a satirist, an author of satirical political revues, a songwriter and a poet. He saw himself as a left-wing democrat and pacifist and warned against anti-democratic tendencies \u2013 above all in politics, the military and justice \u2013 and the threat of National Socialism. His fears were confirmed when the Nazis came to power in January 1933. In May of that year he was among the authors whose works were banned as \"un-German\", and burned; he was also among the first authors and intellectuals whose German citizenship was revoked.\n\n", "Q92964": "Justin Frankel (born 1978) is an American computer programmer best known for his work on the Winamp media player application and for inventing the Gnutella peer-to-peer network. Frankel is also the founder of Cockos Incorporated, which creates music production and development software such as the REAPER digital audio workstation, the NINJAM collaborative music tool and the Jesusonic expandable effects processor. In 2002, he was named in the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35.\n\n", "Q104730": "Maria Katharina Helene Sebaldt (26 April 1930 in Berlin-Steglitz) is a German actress.\n\n", "Q163973": "Ellwangen an der Jagst, officially Ellwangen (Jagst), in common use simply Ellwangen is a town in the district of Ostalbkreis in the east of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in Germany. It is situated about 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of Aalen.\nEllwangen has 25,000 inhabitants.", "Q102341": "Farrah Leni Fawcett (; originally spelled Ferrah; February 2, 1947 \u2013 June 25, 2009) was an American actress of stage and screen, model, and artist. A five-time Emmy Award nominee and six-time Golden Globe Award nominee, Fawcett rose to international fame when she starred as private investigator Jill Munroe in the first season of the television series Charlie's Angels (1976\u20131977).\nFawcett began her career in the 1960s appearing in commercials and guest roles on television. During the 1970s, she appeared in numerous television series, including recurring roles on Harry O (1974\u20131976), and The Six Million Dollar Man (1974\u20131978) with her first husband, film and television star Lee Majors. Her breakthrough role came in 1976 when she was cast as Jill Munroe in Charlie's Angels, alongside Kate Jackson and Jaclyn Smith. The show propelled all three to stardom, but especially Fawcett, who was then billed as \"Farrah Fawcett-Majors\". After appearing only in the first season, she decided to leave the show, but returned as a guest star in six episodes during the show's third and fourth seasons (1978\u20131980). For her role in Charlie's Angels, she received her first Golden Globe nomination. In 1983, Fawcett received positive reviews for her performance in the Off-Broadway play Extremities. She was subsequently cast in the 1986 film version and received a Golden Globe nomination. She received two Emmy Award nominations for her roles in TV movies, as a battered wife in the 1984 film The Burning Bed and as real-life murderer Diane Downs in the 1989 film Small Sacrifices. Her 1980s work in TV movies also earned her four additional Golden Globe nominations.\nIn 1997, she gained some negative press for a rambling appearance on The Late Show with David Letterman, but also garnered strong reviews for her role in the film The Apostle with Robert Duvall. She continued in numerous TV series, including recurring roles in the sitcom Spin City (2001) and the drama The Guardian (2002\u20132003). For the latter, she received her third Emmy nomination. Her film roles include Love Is a Funny Thing (1969), Myra Breckinridge (1970), Logan's Run (1976), Sunburn (1979), Saturn 3 (1980), The Cannonball Run (1981), Extremities (1986), The Apostle (1997), and Dr. T & the Women (2000). Fawcett was diagnosed with anal cancer in 2006, and died three years later at age 62. The 2009 NBC documentary Farrah's Story chronicled her battle with the disease. She posthumously earned her fourth Emmy nomination for her work as a producer on the documentary.", "Q943577": "Peter Carl Goldmark (born Goldmark P\u00e9ter K\u00e1roly; December 2, 1906 \u2013 December 7, 1977) was a Hungarian-American engineer who, during his time with Columbia Records, was instrumental in developing the long-playing microgroove 33\u200b1\u20443 rpm phonograph disc, the standard for incorporating multiple or lengthy recorded works on a single disc for two generations. The LP was introduced by Columbia's Goddard Lieberson in 1948. Lieberson was later president of Columbia Records from 1956\u201371 and 1973\u201375. According to Gy\u00f6rgy Marx he was one of The Martians.", "Q71427": "Richard Voss (September 2, 1851 \u2013 June 10, 1918) was a German dramatist and novelist. In standard German orthography, his name is printed as Vo\u00df.", "Q540385": "Damien Sandras is known in the free software community due to his work on GNOME, more specifically on Ekiga, the leading Open Source softphone for the Linux desktop. He is one of the founders of FOSDEM, an event dedicated to free software developers in Europe. \nFOSDEM was initially created by Rapha\u00ebl Bauduin under the name OSDEM. Sandras joined Bauduin and helped him setting up the event. Sandras was one of the driving forces behind the organization during 7 years.Ekiga was supported by the Free Software Foundation and more specifically by Richard Stallman as an alternative to the proprietary Skype. Stallman's e-mail signature contained a mention to the softphone during a few years: \n\n Skype: No way! That's nonfree (freedom-denying) software.\n Use Ekiga or an ordinary phone call.\n\nSandras is a graduate of the University of Louvain (UCLouvain). He is mentioned on the university portal in the University Success Stories.He is now leading Be IP, a startup dealing with enterprise Open Source VoIP software.", "Q738292": "Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional inflammation of the brain occurs. In these cases, symptoms may include headache, vomiting, fever, confusion and seizures. This occurs about 5 to 15 days after infection.JEV is generally spread by mosquitoes, specifically those of the Culex type. Pigs and wild birds serve as a reservoir for the virus. The disease mostly occurs outside of cities. Diagnosis is based on blood or cerebrospinal fluid testing.Prevention is generally with the Japanese encephalitis vaccine, which is both safe and effective. Other measures include avoiding mosquito bites. Once infected, there is no specific treatment, with care being supportive. This is generally carried out in hospital. Permanent problems occur in up to half of people who recover from JE.The disease occurs in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. About 3 billion people live in areas where the disease occurs. About 68,000 symptomatic cases occur a year, with about 17,000 deaths. Often, cases occur in outbreaks. The disease was first described in 1871.", "Q271471": "Verne Jay Troyer (January 1, 1969 \u2013 April 21, 2018) was an American actor, comedian, and stunt performer who played Mini-Me in the Austin Powers film series. He had cartilage\u2013hair hypoplasia and was 2 ft 8 in (81 cm) tall.", "Q220158": "Zoogz Rift (born Robert Pawlikowski; July 10, 1953 \u2013 March 22, 2011) was an American musician, painter and professional wrestling personality.\nBorn Robert Pawlikowski in Paterson, New Jersey, Rift was raised in Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey and moved to Los Angeles while in his mid-20s.", "Q539120": "Helen Epstein is an American writer of memoir, journalism and biography who lives in Lexington, Massachusetts, United States.", "Q77042": "Walter Andreas Schwarz (2 June 1913 \u2013 1 April 1992) was a German singer, songwriter, novelist, Kabarettist, author of radio dramas and translator.\n\n", "Q29658": "To Rome with Love is a 2012 magical realist romantic comedy film written, directed by and starring Woody Allen in his first acting appearance since 2006. The film is set in Rome, Italy; it was released in Italian theaters on April 13, 2012, and opened in Los Angeles and New York City on June 22, 2012.The film features an ensemble cast, including Allen himself. The story is told in four separate vignettes: a clerk who wakes up to find himself a celebrity, an architect who takes a trip back to the street he lived on as a student, a young couple on their honeymoon, and an Italian funeral director whose uncanny singing ability enraptures his soon to be in-law, an American opera director.", "Q92970": "David J. Bradley (born 4 January 1949) is one of the twelve engineers who worked on the original IBM PC, developing the computer's ROM BIOS code. Bradley is credited for implementing the \"Control-Alt-Delete\" (Ctrl-Alt-Del) key combination that was used to reboot the computer. Bradley joined IBM in 1975 after earning his doctorate in electrical engineering from Purdue University with a dissertation on computer architectures.", "Q78371": "Hermann Brockhaus (January 28, 1806 \u2013 January 5, 1877) was a German Orientalist born in Amsterdam. He was a leading authority on Sanskrit and Persian languages. He was the son of publisher Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus and brother-in-law to composer Richard Wagner.", "Q325746": "Antonio Ferri (5 April 1912 \u2013 28 December 1975) was an Italian scientist, prominent in the field of aerodynamics, with a specialization in hypersonic and supersonic flight.\nBorn in 1912 in Norcia, Italy, from 1937 he conducted research in Guidonia Montecelio, where the most prominent and advanced research on high-speed aerodynamics was taking place. In 1938, at the age of 26, he received Italy's highest prize for science, the Premio dell'Accademia d'Italia for science. Among the work he conducted there were spectacular experiments in 1939\u20131940 with supersonic wind tunnels.\nDuring World War II, in the period of the Italian Social Republic (or Sal\u00f2 Republic), three days after the Germans occupied Rome on 10 September 1943, Ferri bluffed his way back into the research facility at Guidonia, destroyed the vital equipment and filled a fruit crate with documents of his research before escaping underground. \nHe secluded his wife and family near his home in Fiastra, in the Marche region of the Apennine Mountains (they later were moved on to an Adriatic fishing village), and in October 1943, organized with his brother, Giuseppe Ferri, the Banda Fiastra band of partisans.\nFor the next year he coordinated attacks of the regions anti-fascist bands using the Valle del Fiastrone [Fiastra Valley] as a safe haven to return to and to receive Allied air drops.\nHe eventually made his way to Rome after it was liberated by the Allies, where he made contact with OSS agent Moe Berg and began to work with him translating key documents from the trunk, also passing on his knowledge of the achievements of German science during the war.The facilities at Guidonia were destroyed in the course of the fighting. In 1944, Ferri was brought to the leading American research center in his field, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in Langley, Virginia, where he continued as a major figure in his field.\nIn the immediate postwar period, he studied the use of a biconvex wing profile for high-speed aircraft and developed the Schlieren Flow Visualization method of predicting the impact of shock waves on aircraft wings. He then turned at length to the problem of atmospheric reentry, hypersonic thermofluid dynamics, as applied to the study of supersonic and hypersonic jet engines. He also conducted important studies in the fields of supersonic combustion and aerodynamic heating of high speed aircraft. In all these areas, he made key contributions to the advancement of aerospace engineering.\nIn 1956 he founded the General Applied Science Laboratory.Ferri died in 1975 on Long Island, New York, United States.", "Q67251": "Wald is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q231041": "Layla El (born 25 June 1977) is an English dancer, model and retired professional wrestler.\nAfter attending a performing arts college, El was a dancer for Carnival Cruise Lines, the Miami Heat franchise of the National Basketball Association, and also danced for Kanye West at the MTV Video Music Awards. In 2006, she was a contestant in the 2006 WWE Diva Search, which she won to earn a contract with the company.\nInitially appearing on the SmackDown brand, she moved to ECW in January 2007. There, she formed the Extreme Expos\u00e9 dance troupe with Kelly Kelly and Brooke Adams. In 2008, she was drafted to the Raw brand, where she began managing William Regal. The following year she returned to SmackDown and formed an alliance with Michelle McCool known as LayCool. In May 2010, Layla won the WWE Women's Championship for the first time. She is the first British woman and the first Diva Search winner to hold the championship, and was the final champion as the title was retired in 2010. In April 2012, Layla won the WWE Divas Championship upon her return from a year-long absence due to injury, and held the championship until September that year. She retired in 2015.", "Q373500": "Bruce Cabot (born \u00c9tienne de Pelissier Bujac Jr., April 20, 1904 \u2013 May 3, 1972) was an American film actor, best remembered as Jack Driscoll in King Kong (1933) and for his roles in films such as The Last of the Mohicans (1936), Fritz Lang's Fury (1936) and the western Dodge City (1939). He was also known as one of \"Wayne's Regulars\", appearing in a number of John Wayne films beginning with Angel and the Badman (1947), and concluding with Big Jake (1971).", "Q102355": "Gustav Adolf Neuber (24 June 1850 \u2013 13 April 1932) was a German surgeon born in Tondern (today- T\u00f8nder.\nHe studied medicine in several universities, receiving his doctorate in 1875 at the University of Giessen. Later he worked as an assistant to Friedrich von Esmarch (1823-1908) at the University Surgical Clinic in Kiel.\nIn 1884 he first proposed the use of separate operating rooms for septic and non-septic surgery, emphasizing the need for complete cleanliness in all aspects of surgery. In 1886, he opened his own private hospital on K\u00f6nigsweg in Kiel, where he implemented modern principles of asepsis. Neuber's clinic in Kiel is considered to be the first aseptic hospital in the world.In 1879 he developed a \"decalcified bone tube\" for wound drainage. In the field of plastic surgery, he introduced a procedure for \"fat auto-grafting\".", "Q2288": "Tver (Russian: \u0422\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c, IPA: [tv\u02b2er\u02b2]) is a city and the administrative centre of Tver Oblast, Russia. Population: 414,606 (2015 est.); 403,606 (2010 Census); 408,903 (2002 Census); 450,941\u2009(1989 Census). It is 180 kilometres (110 mi) northwest of Moscow.\nTver was formerly the capital of a powerful medieval state and a model provincial town in the Russian Empire, with a population of 60,000 on 14 January 1913. It is situated at the confluence of the Volga and Tvertsa Rivers. The city was known as Kalinin (\u041a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0438\u043d) from 1931 to 1990. The city is where three rivers meet, splitting the town into northern and southern parts by the Volga River, and divided again into quarters by the Tvertsa River, which splits the left (northern) bank into east and west halves, and the Tmaka River which does the same along the southern bank.", "Q271465": "Miliza Elizabeth Korjus [militsa] (August 18,1909 \u2013 August 26, 1980) was a Polish-born ethnic Estonian coloratura soprano opera singer, who later appeared in Hollywood films. Her birth year has been reported as uncertain, and ranges from 1900 to 1912, according to various sources but her daughter, Melissa Wells, is absolutely certain the year was 1909 and that her mother knew such. She later became a naturalized United States citizen. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1938 for her performance in The Great Waltz.", "Q3158341": "Jacques Boudet (born 29 December 1939) is a French stage and screen actor. He had great success in the 1980s with his appearance in Exercises in Style, and is featured in the film The Names of Love (2010).\nIn cinema, he frequently appeared in films by Robert Gu\u00e9diguian. He excels in composite roles such as his Duc de Guermantes in Un amour de Swann, the brother of the character played by Philippe Noiret in P\u00e8re et fils and the cynical politician with a southern French accent in L'Ivresse du pouvoir. He also appeared in the 1979 British TV play Churchill and the Generals as Charles de Gaulle.", "Q474746": "John Mitchum (September 6, 1919 \u2013 November 29, 2001) was an American actor from the 1940s to the 1970s in film and television. Early in his career, he was credited as Jack Mitchum.", "Q1196057": "The Santa Fe Institute (SFI) is an independent, nonprofit theoretical research institute located in Santa Fe (New Mexico, United States) and dedicated to the multidisciplinary study of the fundamental principles of complex adaptive systems, including physical, computational, biological, and social systems. The Institute is ranked 25th among the world's \"Top Science and Technology Think Tanks\" and 25th among the world's \"Best Transdisciplinary Research Think Tanks\" according to the 2018 edition of the Global Go To Think Tank Index Reports, published annually by the University of Pennsylvania.The Institute consists of a small number of resident faculty and postdoctoral researchers, a large group of external faculty whose primary appointments are at other institutions, and a number of visiting scholars. The Institute is advised by a group of eminent scholars, including several Nobel Prize-winning scientists. Although theoretical scientific research is the Institute's primary focus, it also runs several popular summer schools on complex systems, along with other educational and outreach programs aimed at students ranging from middle school up through graduate school.\nThe Institute's annual funding comes from a combination of private donors, grant-making foundations, government science agencies, and companies affiliated with its business network. The 2014 budget was just over $10 million. Evolutionary theorist David Krakauer became the Institute's president on August 1, 2015.", "Q223445": "Anna Torv (born 7 June 1979) is an Australian actress. She is best known for her role as FBI agent Olivia Dunham on the Fox science fiction series Fringe (2008\u20132013), for which she was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series and received four Saturn Awards for Best Actress on Television. She also starred as Dr. Wendy Carr in the Netflix crime thriller series Mindhunter (2017\u2013present).", "Q5281702": "Discos Fuentes is a record label based in Medell\u00edn, Colombia, South America. Founded in 1934 in Cartagena, Colombia, by Antonio Fuentes Estrada, Discos Fuentes was the country's first notable record label. The label was instrumental in introducing Colombia to such Afro-rhythm genres as cumbia, fandango, merengue, porro, and salsa. The label also helped forge the early careers for such musicians and composers as Guillermo Buitrago, Rafael Escalona, and Julio C\u00e9sar Bovea.\nDiscos Fuentes has often been described as Colombia's version of \"Motown\", peaking in the 1960s and early 1970s. The label achieved a series of firsts for Colombia: the first compilation album (1960) and the first compact disc release (1987).After the death of the label's founder, Antonio Fuentes Estrada, in 1985, the company expanded into video production and purchased several other music labels including Discos Tropical and Curro.", "Q685075": "David Donohue (born January 5, 1967 in Morristown, New Jersey) is an American race car driver formerly active in the Grand-Am's Rolex Sports Car Series Daytona Prototype class for Action Express Racing and participant in the Pikes Peak races.", "Q1781": "Budapest (, Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8bud\u0252p\u025b\u0283t]) is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary, and the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits. The city has an estimated population of 1,752,286 over a land area of about 525 square kilometres (203 square miles). Budapest is both a city and county, and forms the centre of the Budapest metropolitan area, which has an area of 7,626 square kilometres (2,944 square miles) and a population of 3,303,786, comprising 33% of the population of Hungary.The history of Budapest began when an early Celtic settlement transformed into the Roman town of Aquincum, the capital of Lower Pannonia. The Hungarians arrived in the territory in the late 9th century, but the area was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241\u201342. Re-established Buda became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century. \nThe Battle of Moh\u00e1cs, in 1526, was followed by nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule. After the reconquest of Buda in 1686, the region entered a new age of prosperity, with Pest-Buda becoming a global city after the unification of Buda, \u00d3buda, and Pest on 17 November 1873, with the name 'Budapest' given to the new capital. Budapest also became the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a great power that dissolved in 1918, following World War I. The city was the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Battle of Budapest in 1945, and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.Budapest is an Alpha \u2212 global city with strengths in commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. It is Hungary's financial centre and was ranked as the second fastest-developing urban economy in Europe. Budapest is the headquarters of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, the European Police College and the first foreign office of the China Investment Promotion Agency. Over 40 colleges and universities are located in Budapest, including the E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, the Semmelweis University and the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Opened in 1896, the city's subway system, the Budapest Metro, serves 1.27 million, while the Budapest Tram Network serves 1.08 million passengers daily.Among Budapest's important museums and cultural institutions is the Museum of Fine Arts. Further famous cultural institutions are the Hungarian National Museum, House of Terror, Franz Liszt Academy of Music, Hungarian State Opera House and National Sz\u00e9ch\u00e9nyi Library. The central area of the city along the Danube River is classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and has several notable monuments, including the Hungarian Parliament, Buda Castle, Fisherman's Bastion, Gresham Palace, Sz\u00e9chenyi Chain Bridge, Matthias Church and the Liberty Statue. Other famous landmarks include Andr\u00e1ssy Avenue, St. Stephen's Basilica, Heroes' Square, the Great Market Hall, the Nyugati Railway Station built by the Eiffel Company of Paris in 1877 and the second-oldest metro line in the world, the Millennium Underground Railway. The city also has around 80 geothermal springs, the largest thermal water cave system, second largest synagogue, and third largest Parliament building in the world. Budapest attracts around 12 million international tourists per year, making it a highly popular destination in Europe. The city was chosen as the Best European Destination of 2019, a major poll conducted by EBD, a tourism organisation partnering with the European Commission. It also topped the Best European Destinations 2020 list by Big7Media. Budapest also ranks as the 3rd best European city in a similar poll conducted by Which? Magazine.", "Q65446": "Sch\u00e4nis is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q2464214": "Pierre-Dominique Bazaine (\u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043d) (1786\u20131838) was a French scientist and engineer. He was educated at the \u00c9cole polytechnique in Paris as an engineer. At the request of Alexander I of Russia he was sent to Russia by Napoleon I as an army officer in the engineering corps to set up an institute for the education of transportation engineers, and in 1824 he became its director. Bazaine remained in Russia until 1834, organizing transportation routes and directing the work of inland navigation. He was responsible for many of the bridges of St. Petersburg and its outskirts (including a number of the small and elegant lightweight iron bridges in the Summer Garden), as well as other major civil engineering projects, including flood protection. He received many Honours and Awards for his extensive contribution to the infrastructure of Russia, as well as Honorary Fellowship of a number of science academies across Europe for his ground-breaking mathematical theses. He finally returned to France in 1834 and died in Paris aged 52 in 1838.", "Q438558": "Rose Wilder Lane (December 5, 1886 \u2013 October 30, 1968) was an American journalist, travel writer, novelist, political theorist and daughter of American writer Laura Ingalls Wilder. Along with two other female writers, Ayn Rand and Isabel Paterson, Lane is noted as one of the founders of the American libertarian movement.", "Q941374": "Robert Fiske Griggs (22 August 1881 in Brooklyn, Connecticut \u2013 10 June 1962), was a botanist who led a 1915 National Geographic Society expedition to observe the aftermath of the Katmai volcanic eruption.\nIn June 1917, Griggs and the eager NGS explorers rushed to the Katmai coast with the express goal of exploring the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. They quickly worked their way up through the ash-filled Katmai River valley and over the pass. It was a month of terror and elation for the twelve adventurers. Through the long Alaska summer days, they took chemical and geologic samples, shot photographs, and made rough maps. Mincing their way across the crumbling, treacherous surface of the hot ash, they studied the temperatures and temperaments of the roaring fumaroles and explored the perilous margins of the pyroclastic deposits. As they explored and documented the valley, they began to build a picture of the eruption. For five years, the American public had been entranced by the exciting volcanic discoveries in Alaska. Hungry for stories to push the horrors of World War I from their minds, thousands of National Geographic subscribers were thrilled to read Griggs\u2019 gripping articles about the adventures of his exploring parties.\nAs the discoveries unfolded, Griggs became increasingly zealous in his advocacy of the site. His vivid descriptions of the wonders of the Katmai country ignited the interest of what was then a budding conservation movement in the United States. The mysterious volcanic valley seemed an ideal candidate for protection. Griggs and the chiefs of the National Geographic Society campaigned persistently to preserve the area, and in 1918, President Woodrow Wilson declared 1,700 square miles (4,400 km2) of land as Katmai National Monument.\nHe holds degrees from Ohio State University (BA), University of Minnesota (MA), and Harvard University (Ph.D) and taught at Fargo College, Ohio State, George Washington University, and University of Pittsburgh.", "Q456281": "Didier Lestrade (born 22 February 1958), is a French author, magazine publisher, AIDS and LGBT rights advocate.\n\n", "Q3719620": "John Charles Reynolds (June 1, 1935 \u2013 April 28, 2013) was an American computer scientist.", "Q331733": "Brian Philip Welch (born June 19, 1970), also known by his stage name Head, is an American musician, singer and songwriter. He is one of the guitarists and founding member of the nu metal band Korn and his solo project Love and Death. Along with fellow Korn guitarist James \"Munky\" Shaffer, Welch helped develop Korn's distinctive sound, a mix of sirenlike shards of dissonant guitar that mimicked a turntablist's various effects and rumbling down-tuned riffing, that defined the nu metal aesthetic beginning in the mid-'90s.After becoming a born again Christian, Welch left the band in 2005 to focus on life as a father and to pursue his own solo career. He released his debut Christian album, Save Me from Myself, in 2008. He reunited with Korn on-stage at the Carolina Rebellion on May 5, 2012 for the first time in seven years, and on May 2, 2013, officially announced rejoining the band. Welch and Munky were ranked at No. 26 of Guitar World's 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Guitarists of All Time.", "Q378333": "Rolan Antonovich Bykov (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432; October 12, 1929 \u2013 October 6, 1998) was a Soviet and Russian actor, theatre and film director, screenwriter, educator at High Courses for Scriptwriters and Film Directors, poet and song writer, as well as a politician and a banker. He was awarded People's Artist of the USSR in 1990.\n\n", "Q1294820": "Edwin McCain (born January 20, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. His songs \"I'll Be\" (1998) and \"I Could Not Ask for More\" (1999) were radio top-40 hits in the U.S., and five of his albums have reached the Billboard 200. In all, McCain has released eleven albums, with his first two being released independently.", "Q195029": "Elmer Clifton (March 14, 1890 \u2013 October 15, 1949) was an American writer, director and actor from the early silent days. A collaborator of D.W. Griffith, he appeared in The Birth of a Nation (1915) and Intolerance (1916) before giving up acting in 1917 to concentrate on work behind the camera, with Griffith and Joseph Henabery as his mentors. His first feature-length solo effort as a director was The Flame of Youth with Jack Mulhall.\nClifton honed his talents during the late 1910s, directing vehicles for Mulhall and Herbert Rawlinson at Universal and then for Dorothy Gish for Famous Players-Lasky. Two of his projects with Gish, Nobody Home and Nugget Nell, featured performances from pre-stardom Rudolph Valentino. Most of this early output has been lost. He was the first filmmaker to discover the talents of Clara Bow, whom he cast in Down to the Sea in Ships, released on March 4, 1923. The independently produced film was well reviewed for its visual authenticity.\nDuring the 1920s, Clifton directed films for several different studios. During the filming of The Warrens of Virginia (1924) for Fox Film Corporation, lead actress Martha Mansfield suffered a fatal accident from burns when her costume caught fire. Clifton directed The Wreck of the Hesperus for Cecil B. deMille's production company, and filmed on location in the Grand Canyon for The Bride of the Colorado. He also directed some Technicolor short films, including Manchu Love with an all-Asian cast.In the sound era, Clifton wrote and directed many poverty row Westerns and \"exploitation\" classics, among them the anti-marijuana polemic Assassin of Youth (1937). He also directed the vice films Gambling with Souls (1936), Slaves in Bondage (1937) and City of Missing Girls (1941), all of which portrayed addiction and white slavery to some degree. His last film was Not Wanted (1949), which was finished by producer Ida Lupino when Clifton became ill and was unable to work anymore. He died in 1949 of a cerebral hemorrhage shortly after the film's release.", "Q159351": "Run-DMC was an American hip hop group from Hollis, Queens, New York, founded in 1983 by Joseph Simmons, Darryl McDaniels, and Jason Mizell. Run-DMC is regarded as one of the most influential acts in the history of hip hop culture and one of the most famous hip hop acts of the 1980s. Along with LL Cool J, the Beastie Boys, and Public Enemy, the group pioneered new school hip hop music. The group was among the first to highlight the importance of the MC and DJ relationship.With the release Run\u2013D.M.C. (1984), Run-DMC became the first hip hop group to achieve a Gold record. Run-D.M.C. was followed with the certified Platinum record King of Rock (1985), making Run-DMC the first hip hop group to achieve this. Raising Hell (1986) became the first multi-platinum hip hop record. Run-DMC's cover of \"Walk This Way\", featuring Steven Tyler and Joe Perry, charted higher on the Billboard Hot 100 than Aerosmith's original version, peaking at number four. It became one of the best known songs in both hip hop and rock. Run-DMC was the first hip hop act to have their music videos broadcast on MTV, appear on American Bandstand, be on the cover of Rolling Stone, perform at Live Aid and be nominated for a Grammy Award.In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Run-DMC at number 48 in its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. In 2007, they were named The Greatest Hip Hop Group of All Time by MTV and Greatest Hip Hop Artist of All Time by VH1. In 2009, Run-DMC became the second hip hop group to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2016, the group received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2018, Raising Hell was inducted into the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or artistically significant\".", "Q646980": "Aldershot () is a town in the Rushmoor district of Hampshire, England. It lies on heathland in the extreme northeast corner of the county, about 31.8 mi (51.2 km) southwest of London. The area is administered by Rushmoor Borough Council. The town has a population of 36,321, while the Aldershot Urban Area, a loose conurbation (which also includes other towns such as Camberley, Farnborough, and Farnham) has a population of 243,344, making it the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK.Aldershot is known as the \"Home of the British Army\", a connection which led to its rapid growth from a small village to a Victorian town. Aldershot is twinned with Sulech\u00f3w in Poland, Meudon in France and Oberursel in Germany.", "Q6950": "Tess Gerritsen (born June 12, 1953) is an American novelist and retired physician.", "Q215849": "Ellen Kathleen Pompeo (born November 10, 1969) is an American actress, director, and producer. One of the world's highest paid actors since 2017, she has made multiple appearances on the Forbes' year-end lists. Pompeo is also the recipient of such accolades as a Screen Award, a Special Achievement in Entertaining by the National Italian American Foundation, and a nomination for a Golden Globe Award.\nBorn in Everett, Massachusetts, Pompeo moved to Miami then to New York City, where she was discovered by a casting director who signed her for an advertisement campaign for L'Oreal. She made her screen debut with NBC's legal drama Law & Order and then guest-starred in other television shows, including the comedy Strangers with Candy, the medical drama Strong Medicine and Friends. Pompeo made her feature film debut in 1999 with the romantic comedy Coming Soon, and went on to play minor roles in films like In the Weeds and Mambo Caf\u00e9 but found little success initially. A turning point came in her career in 2002, when she gained wide recognition for her starring role in Brad Silberling's drama Moonlight Mile.\nPompeo was then cast in ABC's popular medical drama Grey's Anatomy, and gained worldwide recognition for her portrayal of the title character Dr. Meredith Grey. The role on the long running series earned her a Golden Globe nomination and a Screen Actors Guild Award. The character became widely popular, making Pompeo one of the most renowned television actresses. In 2016, Pompeo was ranked fourth in the list of highest paid TV actresses by Forbes, with earnings of $14.9 million; she became the third highest paid female and the fifth highest paid actor overall in 2018 with earnings of $23.6 million. She was also the highest ranked actor from a drama series on the list.\nPompeo's other notable film roles include the comedy Old School (2003), the superhero film Daredevil (2003), the caper film Art Heist (2004), and the comedy drama Life of the Party (2005). In addition to her acting career, she has directed two episodes for Grey's Anatomy and also founded a production company Calamity Jane. Pompeo married Chris Ivery in 2007 and the couple have three children together.", "Q116446": "Bruno Zuppiger (24 February 1952 \u2013 19 February 2016) was a Swiss management consultant and politician. A member of the conservative Swiss People's Party, he served on the Swiss National Council representing the Canton of Z\u00fcrich.\nBorn in St. Gallen, Zuppiger graduated from the University of St. Gallen and the Z\u00fcrich Teachers' Seminary in 1976. After working as a schoolteacher, he served as secretary and then director of the Trade Association of the Canton of Z\u00fcrich from 1982 to 1995. Since then, he operated an independent consultancy firm and served on the board of several corporations.\nZuppiger was married to R\u00f6sli Zuppiger-Stocker, with whom he had five children, and lived in Hinwil. In 2001, he retired with the grade of colonel from militia service in the Swiss Army, where he commanded an aid and rescue regiment (Rttg Rgt 91) since 1997.\nHe represented the Swiss People's Party in the Hinwil municipal government from 1982 to 1990. From 1988 to 1994 he headed the local party section. He has served on the board of the cantonal party section since 1993. From 1991 to 1999 he represented the People's Party in the cantonal parliament of Z\u00fcrich. In 1999, he was elected to the National Council. He was chairman of the National Council's Finance Committee and also served on the Security Policy Committee.", "Q815731": "The Principality of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: \u041a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, Knyazhestvo Balgariya) was a de facto independent, and de jure vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. It was established by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878.\nAfter the Russo-Turkish War ended with a Russian victory, the Treaty of San Stefano was signed by Russia and the Ottoman Empire on 3 March 1878. Under this, a large Bulgarian vassal state was agreed to, which was significantly larger: its lands encompassed nearly all ethnic Bulgarians in the Balkans, and included most of Moesia, Thrace and Macedonia, stretching from the Black Sea to the Aegean. However, the United Kingdom and Austria-Hungary were against the establishment of such a large Russian client state in the Balkans, fearing it would shift the balance of power in the Mediterranean. Due to this, the great powers convened and signed the Treaty of Berlin, superseding the Treaty of San Stefano, which never went into effect. This created a much smaller principality, alongside an autonomous Eastern Rumelia within the Ottoman Empire.\nAlthough an Ottoman vassal, Bulgaria only acknowledged the authority of the Sublime Porte in a formal way. It had its own Constitution, flag and anthem, and conducted its own foreign policy. In 1885, a bloodless revolution resulted in Eastern Rumelia being de facto annexed by Bulgaria, which the Ottoman Empire accepted with the Tophane Agreement. On 5 October 1908, Bulgaria declared its independence as the Kingdom of Bulgaria.\n\n", "Q119775": "Norman Lim \"Normie\" Kwong (born Lim Kwong Yew; Chinese: \u6797\u4f50\u6c11; October 24, 1929 \u2013 September 3, 2016) was a Canadian football player who played for the Calgary Stampeders and Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was also an active businessman and politician being part owner of the Calgary Flames and serving as the 16th Lieutenant Governor of Alberta from January 2005 to May 2010.\nThe son of Chinese immigrants from Taishan, Guangdong, Kwong was the first Canadian professional gridiron football player of Chinese heritage. In addition, Kwong was also the first person of Chinese heritage to serve as lieutenant-governor of Alberta. As a former vice-regal representative of Alberta, he was styled \"The Honourable\" for life. Kwong was the third Canadian of Chinese heritage to be appointed as a vice-regal in Canada, after David Lam and Adrienne Clarkson.", "Q193458": "Sienna Rose Diana Miller (born 28 December 1981) is a British-American actress. Born in New York City and raised in London, she began her career appearing in British films, with a supporting role in crime thriller Layer Cake (2004), followed by Alfie (2004). In 2006 Miller portrayed the lead role of Edie Sedgwick in Factory Girl, followed by a supporting role in Stardust (2007). In 2008 she was nominated for a BAFTA Rising Star Award.\nMiller would garner mainstream attention in the late 2000s for her role in G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009), and received critical acclaim for her role as Tippi Hedren in the television film The Girl (2012), for which she was nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Actress and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress.\nIn 2014 she starred in two biographical dramas, Foxcatcher (2014), portraying Nancy Schultz, and American Sniper (2014), portraying Taya Kyle. The following year she starred in the dystopian drama High-Rise and the independent drama Mississippi Grind, which debuted to critical acclaim at the Sundance Film Festival. In 2016 Miller portrayed Nina Fawcett, wife of British explorer Percy Fawcett, in the adventure drama The Lost City of Z, and gangster moll Emma Gould in the crime drama Live by Night. In 2019, she portrayed a detective in the thriller film 21 Bridges.", "Q23375": "John Curtin (8 January 1885 \u2013 5 July 1945) was an Australian politician who served as the 14th Prime Minister of Australia from 1941 until his death in 1945. He led the country for the majority of World War II, including all but the last few weeks of the war in the Pacific. He was the leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 1935 to 1945, and its longest serving leader until Gough Whitlam. Curtin's leadership skills and personal character were acclaimed by his political contemporaries. He is frequently cited as one of Australia's greatest prime ministers.\nCurtin left school at the age of 13 and became involved in the labour movement in Melbourne. He joined the Labor Party at a young age and was also involved with the Victorian Socialist Party. He became state secretary of the Timberworkers' Union in 1911 and federal president in 1914. Curtin was a leader of the \"No\" campaign during the 1916 referendum on overseas conscription, and was briefly gaoled for refusing to attend a compulsory medical examination. He moved to Perth the following year to become the editor of the Westralian Worker, and later served as state president of the Australian Journalists' Association.\nAfter three previous attempts, Curtin was elected to the House of Representatives at the 1928 federal election, winning the Division of Fremantle. He is the only prime minister to represent a constituency in Western Australia. He remained loyal to the Labor government during the party split of 1931. He lost his seat in Labor's landslide defeat at the 1931 election, but won it back in 1934. The following year, Curtin was elected party leader in place of James Scullin, defeating Frank Forde by a single vote. The party gained seats at the 1937 and 1940 elections, with the latter resulting in a hung parliament. The ALP eventually formed a minority government in October 1941, when the Fadden Government lost a confidence motion.\nThe Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor occurred two months after Curtin became prime minister, and Australia entered the war against Japan. Bombing raids on northern Australia soon followed. Curtin led the nation's war effort and made significant decisions about how the war was conducted. He placed Australian forces under the command of the American general Douglas MacArthur, with whom he formed a close relationship, and successfully negotiated the issue of overseas conscription that had split his party during World War I. The ALP won almost two-thirds of the seats in the House of Representatives at the 1943 election, which remains a party record. Curtin died in office in July 1945, after months of ill health attributed to the stresses of the war. Many of his post-war reconstruction plans were implemented by his successor Ben Chifley, who in 1946 led the ALP to consecutive victories for the first time.\n\n", "Q106655": "May Ayim (3 May 1960 in Hamburg \u2013 9 August 1996 in Berlin) is the pen name of May Opitz (born Sylvia Andler); she was an Afro-German poet, educator, and activist. The child of a German student and Ghanaian medical student, she was adopted by a white German family when young. After reconnecting with her father and his family in Ghana, in 1992 she took his surname for a pen name.\nOpitz wrote a thesis at the University of Regensburg, \"Afro-Deutsche: Ihre Kultur- und Sozialgeschichte aus dem Hintergrund gesellschaftlicher Ver\u00e4nderungen\" (Afro-Germans: Their Cultural and Social History on the Background of Social Change), which was the first scholarly study of Afro-German history. Combined with contemporary materials, it was published as the book Farbe Bekennen: Afro-deutsche Frauen auf den Spuren ihrer Geschichte (1986). This was translated and published in English as Showing Our Colors: Afro-German Women Speak Out (1986). It included accounts by many women of Afro-German descent. Ayim worked as an activist to unite Afro-Germans and combat racism in German society. She co-founded Initiative Schwarze Menschen in Deutschland (Initiative of Black People in Germany) to that purpose in the late 1980s.", "Q180342": "Warren Carlos Sapp (born December 19, 1972) is a former American football defensive tackle. A Hall of Famer, Sapp played college football for the University of Miami, where he was recognized as a consensus All-American and won multiple awards. Sapp played in the National Football League (NFL) from 1995 to 2007 for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Oakland Raiders, making the Pro Bowl seven times. Following Sapp's NFL career, he was an analyst on NFL Network until 2015.\nSapp was drafted by the Buccaneers in the 1995 NFL Draft as the 12th overall pick. In his nine seasons with the Buccaneers, he earned seven trips to the Pro Bowl and a Super Bowl ring in 2002. He moved to the Raiders in 2004. His 96.5 career sacks (100 with playoffs included) are the second-highest career sacks for a defensive tackle and the 28th-highest overall for a defensive lineman. His 77 sacks with the Buccaneers are the second-most in the team's history to Lee Roy Selmon's 78.5.\nHis career was checkered by controversy from his hard-hitting style of play and occasional verbal outbursts, both on the field and off, some of which resulted in fines by the league, and he was once ejected from a game for unsportsmanlike conduct.\nIn his first year of eligibility, on February 2, 2013, he was voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The Buccaneers entered him into their Ring of Honor on November 11, 2013, and retired his number 99 jersey. Sapp became the second Buccaneer to have his jersey retired, after Selmon.", "Q84874": "Stjepan Freiherr Sarkoti\u0107 von Lov\u0107en (also Stefan Sarkoti\u0107, Stjepan Sarkoti\u0107, or Stephan Sarkoti\u0107; 4 October 1858 \u2013 16 October 1939) was an Austro-Hungarian Army lieutenant field marshal who served as Governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina and military commander of Dalmatia and Montenegro during the World War I.", "Q237356": "Kelly Lee Carlson (born February 17, 1976) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her role as Kimber Henry in the FX drama series Nip/Tuck.", "Q1666841": "Robert John (born Robert John Pedrick, Jr., January 3, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter perhaps best known for his 1979 hit single, \"Sad Eyes\", which reached number 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100.", "Q3828": "Dessau-Ro\u00dflau is a kreisfreie Stadt (urban district) in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It is situated at the confluence of the rivers Elbe and Mulde. The town was formed by merger of the towns of Dessau and Ro\u00dflau in the course of the \"Kreisreform Sachsen-Anhalt\" (Sachsen-Ahalt Regional Boundary Reforms) on 1 July 2007. The reform involved a reduction in the number of rural districts in Sachsen-Anhalt from 21 to 11 and reflected an expected continuation of the significant population decline being experienced.\nDessau-Ro\u00dflau is the third largest town of Saxony-Anhalt by population, after Magdeburg and Halle.", "Q771686": "Basavanna was an Indian 12th-century Statesman, philosopher, poet, Lingayat saint in the Shiva-focussed Bhakti movement, and social reformer during the reign of the Kalyani Chalukya/Kalachuri dynasty. Basavanna was active during the rule of both dynasties but reached his peak of influence during the rule of King Bijjala II in Karnataka, India.Basavanna spread social awareness through his poetry, popularly known as Vachanaas. Basavanna rejected gender or social discrimination, superstitions and rituals but introduced Ishtalinga necklace, with an image of the Shiva Li\u1e45ga, to every person regardless of his or her birth, to be a constant reminder of one's bhakti (devotion) to Shiva. As the chief minister of his kingdom, he introduced new public institutions such as the Anubhava Mantapa (or, the \"hall of spiritual experience\"), which welcomed men and women from all socio-economic backgrounds to discuss spiritual and mundane questions of life, in open.The traditional legends and hagiographic texts state Basava to be the founder of the Lingayats. However, modern scholarship relying on historical evidence such as the Kalachuri inscriptions state that Basava was the poet philosopher who revived, refined and energized an already existing tradition. The Basavarajadevara Ragale (13 out of 25 sections are available) by the Kannada poet Harihara (c.1180) is the earliest available account on the life of the social reformer and is considered important because the author was a near contemporary of his protagonist. A full account of Basava's life and ideas are narrated in a 13th-century sacred Telugu text, the Basava Purana by Palkuriki Somanatha.Basavanna literary works include the Vachana Sahitya in Kannada Language. He is also known as Bhaktibhandari (literally, the treasurer of devotion), Basavanna or Basaveswara.", "Q16161254": "Big Hit Entertainment, Co. (Korean: \ube45\ud788\ud2b8\uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8) is a South Korean entertainment company established in 2005 by Bang Si-hyuk. It currently manages soloist Lee Hyun and idol groups BTS and TXT. Since July 2019, Big Hit has one subsidiary label, Source Music, home to idol group GFriend.", "Q718630": "James Philip Bagian, MD, PE (born 22 February 1952), is an American physician, engineer, and former NASA astronaut of Armenian descent. During his career as an astronaut, he logged 337 hours of space-flight, over two missions, STS-29 (in 1989) and STS-40 (in 1991). After leaving NASA in 1995, Bagian was elected as a member of both the National Academy of Engineering and of the Institute of Medicine. Bagian is currently the Director of the Center for Healthcare Engineering and Patient Safety at the University of Michigan.\nBagian is the first and, so far, the only person of Armenian descent to have been in space.", "Q2074596": "Leora Dana (April 1, 1923 \u2013 December 13, 1983) was an American film, stage and television actress.", "Q708423": "Frank Stokes (January 1, 1877 or 1888 \u2013 September 12, 1955) was an American blues musician, songster, and blackface minstrel, who is considered by many musicologists to be the father of the Memphis blues guitar style.", "Q1780308": "Anne N\u00f8rdsti (born in Alvdal on June 19, 1977) residing in Ottestad is a Norwegian singer in the dansband genre, influenced by country music.\nShe started as a vocalist in Kolbus, a dansband. Then launching a solo career, she has released seven albums, with debut being Bygdeliv in 2004 in the danseband genre. First five albums were on Tylden & Co., but she changed labels and her sixth album S\u00e5 g\u00f8tt... appeared on Mariann Records Norge.\nIn 2007, she won Spellemannprisen award in the Dance orchestra category\" for her 2007 album for the album Livli' \nHer Anne N\u00f8rdstis Band is composed of Bj\u00f8rn L\u00f8v\u00e5s on guitar, Stein Tore S\u00f8nsteli on keyboard, Per Erik Pedersen on bass and Finn Andresen on drums.\n\n", "Q189400": "Brooke Christa Shields (born May 31, 1965) is an American actress and model. She was initially a child model and gained critical acclaim at age 12 for her leading role in Louis Malle's film Pretty Baby (1978), in which she played a child prostitute in New Orleans at the beginning of the 20th century. Shields garnered widespread notoriety in the role, and she continued to model into her late teenage years and starred in several dramas in the 1980s, including The Blue Lagoon (1980), and Franco Zeffirelli's Endless Love (1981).\nIn 1983, Shields suspended her career as a model to attend Princeton University, where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in Romance Languages. In the 1990s, Shields returned to acting and appeared in minor roles in films. She also starred in the NBC sitcoms Suddenly Susan (1996\u20132000), for which she received two Golden Globe nominations, and Lipstick Jungle (2008\u20132009). In 2017, Shields returned to NBC with a major recurring role in Law & Order: Special Victims Unit in the show's 19th season. Since 2014, Shields has voiced Beverly Goodman in the Adult Swim animated series Mr. Pickles and its spinoff Momma Named Me Sheriff.", "Q711172": "W. Ross Ashby (6 September 1903, in London \u2013 15 November 1972) was an English psychiatrist and a pioneer in cybernetics, the study of the science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things. His first name was not used: he was known as Ross Ashby.\nHis two books, Design for a Brain and An Introduction to Cybernetics, were landmark works. They introduced exact and logical thinking into the brand new discipline of cybernetics and were highly influential.\n\n", "Q68604": "Friedrich Ludwig \"Fritz\" Bauer (10 June 1924 \u2013 26 March 2015) was a German computer scientist and professor at the Technical University of Munich.", "Q1328715": "Robert Felix Torti (born October 22, 1961) is an American actor and singer.\nTorti was born in Van Nuys, California. He married DeLee Lively on June 24, 1999. Together, they have three children: Zachary, Faith and Chloe.\nTorti originated the roles of Jesus and Jack in both the New York City and Los Angeles stage productions of Reefer Madness.\nEarlier in his career, Torti was honored with a Tony Award nomination for his performance as Greaseball in Starlight Express, which marked his Broadway debut. His work on Broadway also includes the role of Pharaoh in the musical Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. In addition, he appeared in the London and Los Angeles productions of Smokey Joe's Caf\u00e9.\nOn screen, Torti played singer Freddy Fredrickson in Tom Hanks's That Thing You Do!. He also reprised the role of Pharaoh in the film version of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, and counts among his other film credits Who's Your Daddy, Submerged, and The Legend of William Tell (currently unreleased).\nTorti has also been seen on television in regular and recurring roles on such series as The Drew Carey Show,Vinnie & Bobby, Generations, The Young and the Restless and, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, where he plays the father of the title boys, and the sequel The Suite Life on Deck. In addition, he has made guest appearances on numerous series.", "Q49812": "Selb is a town in the district of Wunsiedel, in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, Germany. It is situated in the Fichtelgebirge, on the border with the Czech Republic, 20 km northwest of Cheb and 23 km southeast of Hof.\n\nSelb is well known for its porcelain manufacture, and is the home of the Rosenthal (company) factory, founded in 1879 by Philipp Rosenthal as a family business.\n\n", "Q216398": "Alan Sillitoe (4 March 1928 \u2013 25 April 2010) was an English writer and one of the so-called \"angry young men\" of the 1950s. He disliked the label, as did most of the other writers to whom it was applied. He is best known for his debut novel Saturday Night and Sunday Morning and his early short story The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner, both of which were adapted into films.", "Q325020": "William Albert Burke (born November 25, 1966) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Charlie Swan in Twilight and its sequels. In 2011, he played Cesaire in Red Riding Hood. In 2012, he was cast as one of the lead characters, Miles Matheson, in the NBC science-fiction series Revolution. From 2015 to 2017, he starred in the CBS series Zoo. He has also appeared in the supernatural horror film Lights Out (2016) and the thriller Breaking In (2018).\n\n", "Q244390": "Kenneth Elton Kesey (September 17, 1935 \u2013 November 10, 2001) was an American novelist, essayist, and countercultural figure. He considered himself a link between the Beat Generation of the 1950s and the hippies of the 1960s.\nKesey was born in La Junta, Colorado, and grew up in Springfield, Oregon, graduating from the University of Oregon in 1957. He began writing One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in 1960 following the completion of a graduate fellowship in creative writing at Stanford University; the novel was an immediate commercial and critical success when published two years later. During this period, Kesey participated in government studies involving hallucinogenic drugs (including mescaline and LSD) to supplement his income.Following the publication of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, he moved to nearby La Honda, California, and began hosting happenings with former colleagues from Stanford, miscellaneous bohemian and literary figures (most notably Neal Cassady), and other friends collectively known as the Merry Pranksters; these parties, known as Acid Tests, integrated the consumption of LSD with multimedia performances. He mentored the Grateful Dead (the de facto \"house band\" of the Acid Tests) throughout their incipience and continued to exert a profound influence upon the group throughout their long career. Sometimes a Great Notion\u2014an epic account of the vicissitudes of an Oregon logging family that aspired to the modernist grandeur of William Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha saga\u2014was a commercial success that polarized critics and readers upon its release in 1964, although Kesey regarded the novel as his magnum opus.In 1965, following an arrest for marijuana possession and subsequent faked suicide, Kesey was imprisoned for five months. Shortly thereafter, he returned home to the Willamette Valley and settled in Pleasant Hill, Oregon, where he maintained a secluded, family-oriented lifestyle for the rest of his life. In addition to teaching at the University of Oregon\u2014an experience that culminated in Caverns (1989), a collaborative novel written by Kesey and his graduate workshop students under the pseudonym of \"O.U. Levon\"\u2014he continued to regularly contribute fiction and reportage to such publications as Esquire, Rolling Stone, Oui, Running, and The Whole Earth Catalog; various iterations of these pieces were collected in Kesey's Garage Sale (1973) and Demon Box (1986).\nBetween 1974 and 1980, Kesey published six issues of Spit in the Ocean, a literary magazine that featured excerpts from an unfinished novel (Seven Prayers by Grandma Whittier, an account of Kesey's grandmother's struggle with Alzheimer's disease) and contributions from such luminaries as Margo St. James, Kate Millett, Stewart Brand, Saul-Paul Sirag, Jack Sarfatti, Paul Krassner, and William S. Burroughs. After a third novel (Sailor Song) was released to lukewarm reviews in 1992, he reunited with the Merry Pranksters and began publishing works on the Internet until ill health (including a stroke) curtailed his activities.", "Q74205": "Liselotte Carola Gr\u00f6ner (31 May 1954 \u2013 9 September 2019) was a German politician and from 1989 to 2009 was a Member of the European Parliament with the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Socialist Group. She sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Culture and Education and its Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality.\nShe was a substitute for the Committee on Budgets, substitute for the Delegation for relations with the countries of South Asia and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).", "Q108650": "Friedrich Uebelhoer (born 25 September 1893 in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Bavaria \u2013 presumed died 1945) was a German politician and official with the Nazi Party.", "Q2654435": "Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 (\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442)) was founded in 1828. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in Russia, and it currently trains around 5,000 students.", "Q242939": "Suzanne Marie Somers (n\u00e9e Mahoney; born October 16, 1946) is an American actress, author, singer, businesswoman, and health spokesperson. She appeared in the television role of Chrissy Snow on Three's Company and as Carol Foster Lambert on Step by Step.\nSomers later became the author of a series of self-help books, including Ageless: The Naked Truth About Bioidentical Hormones (2006), about bioidentical hormone replacement therapy. She has released two autobiographies, four diet books, and a book of poetry.\nSomers has been criticized for her views on some medical subjects and her advocacy of the Wiley Protocol, which has been labelled as \"scientifically unproven and dangerous\". Her promotion of alternative cancer treatments has received criticism from the American Cancer Society.", "Q1362152": "Ulf Michael Widenius (often called Monty; born 3 March 1962, in Helsinki, Finland) is the main author of the original version of the open source MySQL database, a founding member of the MySQL AB company and CTO of the MariaDB Corporation AB. Additionally, he is a founder and general partner at venture capital firm OpenOcean.", "Q976296": "\u1e24ayyim Selig ben Ya'akov Slonimski (Hebrew: \u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05dd\u202c \u05d6\u05b6\u05e2\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05d2 \u05d1\u05b6\u05bc\u05df \u05d9\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05e7\u05b9\u05d1\u202c \u05e1\u05dc\u05d0\u05b8\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9) (March 31, 1810 \u2013 May 15, 1904), also known by his acronym \u1e24aZaS (\u05d7\u05d6\u05f4\u05e1), was a Hebrew publisher, mathematician, astronomer, inventor, science writer, and rabbi. He was among the first to write books on science for a broad Jewish audience, and was the founder of Ha-Tsfira, the first Hebrew-language newspaper with an emphasis on the sciences.", "Q370747": "Timothy John Russert (May 7, 1950 \u2013 June 13, 2008) was an American television journalist and lawyer who appeared for more than 16 years as the longest-serving moderator of NBC's Meet the Press. He was a senior vice president at NBC News, Washington bureau chief and also hosted an eponymous CNBC/MSNBC weekend interview program. He was a frequent correspondent and guest on NBC's The Today Show and Hardball. Russert covered several presidential elections, and he presented the NBC News/Wall Street Journal survey on the NBC Nightly News during the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Time magazine included Russert in its list of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2008. Russert was posthumously revealed as a 30-year source for syndicated columnist Robert Novak.", "Q525253": "Javier Colon (alternately styled Javier Col\u00f3n, born April 29, 1978) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. He has referred to his style of music as being \"acoustic soul.\" He was a member of EmcQ and The Derek Trucks Band, and worked with many musicians before going solo. From 2002 to 2006, he was signed to Capitol Records, known as artist Javier. In 2006, however, the contract was terminated and Javier Colon became an independent artist with his own label, Javier Colon Music. In 2011, he was the winner of the inaugural season of the U.S. television show on NBC, The Voice, receiving $100,000 and signing a recording contract with Universal Republic Records. Javier Colon eventually decided to part ways with Universal Republic.\n\n", "Q86093": "Wilhelm Franz Exner (* 9. April 1840 in G\u00e4nserndorf, Lower Austria; \u2020 25. May 1931 in Vienna) was former president of the Austrian Business Association and initiator of the Wilhelm Exner Medal.", "Q108888": "Margot Benary-Isbert (December 2, 1889 \u2013 May 27, 1979) born Margot Isbert, was a German and later an American writer of children's books.\n\n", "Q233118": "Traci Elizabeth Lords (born Nora Louise Kuzma; May 7, 1968) is an American actress, former pornographic actress, singer, model, writer, producer, and director. During the mid 1980s, she used a fake ID to conceal the fact that she was two years underage when she starred in X-rated films and was one of the most sought-after pornographic actresses in the adult entertainment industry. When the FBI acted on an anonymous tip that Lords was a minor during her time in the industry and pornographers were distributing and selling illegal images and videotapes, the resulting fallout led to prosecutions and court cases in addition to bans on all but the last of her adult films.\nAfter her departure from pornography only two days after turning the legal age of 18, Lords enrolled at the Lee Strasberg Theater Institute, where she studied method acting with the intention of becoming a mainstream actress. She made her mainstream screen debut at age 19 in a leading role in the 1988 remake of the 1957 Roger Corman science fiction film Not of This Earth. Lords followed with the role of Wanda Woodward in John Waters' teen comedy, Cry-Baby (1990). Her other acting credits included the television series MacGyver, Married... with Children, Tales from the Crypt, Roseanne, Melrose Place, Profiler, First Wave, Gilmore Girls and Will & Grace. She also appeared in films such as Skinner (1993), Virtuosity (1995), Blade (1998), Zack and Miri Make a Porno (2008) and most recently Excision (2012), which earned her a Fangoria Chainsaw Award for Best Supporting Actress as well as a Fright Meter Award and a CinEuphoria Award.\nLords also pursued music in addition to her film career. After her song \"Love Never Dies\" was featured on the soundtrack to the film Pet Sematary Two (1992), she was signed to Radioactive Records and subsequently released her debut studio album, 1000 Fires (1995) to generally positive reviews. Despite the poor sales of the album, the lead single \"Control\" had moderate commercial success. It peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart and was included on the soundtrack to the film Mortal Kombat (1995), which was eventually certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In 2003, Lords published her autobiography, Traci Lords: Underneath It All, which received positive reviews from critics and debuted at number 31 on The New York Times Best Seller list. She is currently starring in the comedy series Swedish Dicks on Pop.", "Q431554": "Lucila J. Sarsines Reyes (July 19, 1936 \u2013 October 31, 1973), was a Peruvian performer and one of the most respected singers of her country, one of Peru's most famous Afro-Peruvian personalities as well as a symbol of Peruvian nationalism both in Peru and to expatriates. She was also known by the pseudonyms \"La Morena de Oro del Per\u00fa\", given to her by Augusto Ferrando, and \"La Reina de la Popularidad\". She is well known for her voice and her music has gone through history as some of the best in the history of Peruvian music.", "Q272622": "Kate Atkinson (born 20 December 1951) is an English writer of novels, plays and short stories. She is known for creating the Jackson Brodie series of detective novels, which has been adapted into the BBC series Case Histories. She won the Whitbread Book of the Year prize in 1995 in the Novels category for Behind the Scenes at the Museum, winning again in 2013 and 2015 under its new name the Costa Book Awards.", "Q4401058": "The Russian Entomological Society is a Russian scientific society devoted to entomology.\nThe Society was founded in 1859 in St. Petersburg by Karl Ernst von Baer, Johann Friedrich von Brandt who was then the director of the Zoological Museum of the Russian Academy of Science, Ya. A. Kushakevich, Colonel Alexander Karlovich Manderstern, Alexander von Middendorff and Colonel of General Staff Victor Ivanovitsch Motschulsky. Another society founder was Ferdinand Morawitz.Karl v. Baer was elected the first president of the Society.\n\n", "Q158067": "Dame Vivienne Isabel Westwood (n\u00e9e Swire; born 8 April 1941) is a British fashion designer and businesswoman, largely responsible for bringing modern punk and new wave fashions into the mainstream.Westwood came to public notice when she made clothes for Malcolm McLaren's boutique in the King's Road, which became known as \"SEX\". It was their ability to synthesise clothing and music that shaped the 1970s UK punk scene, dominated by McLaren's band, the Sex Pistols. She was inspired by the shock-value of punk\u2014\"seeing if one could put a spoke in the system\".Westwood went on to open four shops in London, eventually expanding throughout the United Kingdom and the world, selling an increasingly varied range of merchandise, some of it linked to her many political causes such as the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, climate change and civil rights groups.", "Q7387536": "The S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications is the communications school at Syracuse University. It has programs in print and broadcast journalism; music business; graphic design; advertising; public relations; and television and film.\nThe school was named for publishing magnate Samuel Irving Newhouse Sr., who provided the founding gift in 1964.Lorraine Branham served as dean of the school from 2008 until her death in 2019. Amy Falkner is currently the interim dean. The school includes about 80 full-time faculty members and about 50 adjunct instructors. Enrollment includes some 1,900 undergraduate students; 200 graduate students; 200 online master's degree students; and 13 doctoral degree candidates. Undergraduate admissions are highly selective.In December 2011, NewsPro ranked Newhouse as the top journalism school in the country.", "Q362343": "Fran\u00e7ois Gustave Th\u00e9ophile Seyrig (19 February 1843 to 5 July 1923) was a German engineer, best known for designing bridges.\nOn 6 October 1868, he founded Eiffel and Company with Gustave Eiffel. Seyrig contributed to the Eiffel and Company project to build the Maria Pia Bridge in Porto, Portugal, which was finished in 1877. Seyrig presented a paper on the bridge to the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Ing\u00e9nieurs Civils in 1878.\nLater he worked for the Belgian firm Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Willebroeck in Brussels, and won the competition to build the Dom Lu\u00eds I Bridge (also in Porto), beating out the project proposed by Eiffel. He began construction in 1881 and the bridge was finished in 1886.", "Q269564": "Dmitry Alexandrovich Zavadsky (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) or Dzmitry Alyaksandravich Zavadski (Belarusian: \u0414\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u044f\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u0417\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0456; 28 August 1972 \u2013 declared dead 28 November 2003) was a Belarusian journalist who disappeared and was presumably murdered in 2000. Zavadsky worked as journalist and cameraman for Russian Public Television Channel One (ORT). From 1994 to 1997, he was the personal cameraman of Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko.", "Q76412": "Siegfried Lenz (German: [\u02c8zi\u02d0kf\u0281i\u02d0t \u02c8l\u025bnts]; 17 March 1926 \u2013 7 October 2014) was a German writer of novels, short stories and essays, as well as dramas for radio and the theatre. In 2000 he received the Goethe Prize on the 250th Anniversary of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's birth.", "Q435732": "Countess Beata Tyszkiewicz (Beata Maria Helena Tyszkiewicz-Kalenicka; born 14 August 1938) is a retired Polish actress and TV personality.", "Q153132": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Eugeniusz Sikorski (Polish pronunciation: [vwa\u02c8d\u0268swaf \u0255i\u02c8k\u0254rsk\u02b2i] (listen); 20 May 1881 \u2013 4 July 1943) was a Polish military and political leader.\nPrior to the First World War, Sikorski established and participated in several underground organizations that promoted the cause of the independence of Poland from the Russian Empire. He fought with distinction in the Polish Legions during the First World War, and later in the newly created Polish Army during the Polish\u2013Soviet War of 1919 to 1921. In that war he played a prominent role in the decisive Battle of Warsaw (1920). In the early years of the Second Polish Republic, Sikorski held government posts, including serving as Prime Minister (1922 to 1923) and as Minister of Military Affairs (1923 to 1924). Following J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski's May Coup of 1926 and the installation of the Sanation government, he fell out of favor with the new r\u00e9gime.\nDuring the Second World War, Sikorski became Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile, Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces, and a vigorous advocate of the Polish cause in the diplomatic sphere. He supported the reestablishment of diplomatic relations between Poland and the Soviet Union, which had been severed after the Soviet pact with Germany and the 1939 invasion of Poland\u2014however, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin broke off Soviet-Polish diplomatic relations in April 1943 following Sikorski's request that the International Red Cross investigate the Katy\u0144 Forest massacre.\nIn July 1943, a plane carrying Sikorski plunged into the sea immediately after takeoff from Gibraltar, killing all on board except the pilot. The exact circumstances of Sikorski's death have been disputed and have given rise to a number of different theories surrounding the crash and his death. Sikorski had been the most prestigious leader of the Polish exiles, and his death was a severe setback for the Polish cause.", "Q276444": "Angela Mao Ying (born Mao Fujing; 20 September 1950) is a Taiwanese actress and martial artist who appeared in many martial arts films in the 1970s. One of the most famous martial artist actresses of her time, she is nicknamed \"Lady Whirlwind\" and \"Lady Kung Fu\". She was positioned as a female version of Bruce Lee.", "Q66601": "Wattwil is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the municipality of Krinau merged into Wattwil.", "Q36036": "Lviv (Ukrainian: \u041b\u044c\u0432\u0456\u0432 [l\u02b2wiu\u032f] (listen); Old East Slavic: \u041b\u044c\u0432\u0456\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434; Polish: Lw\u00f3w [lvuf] (listen); Russian: \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432, romanized: Lvov [l\u02b2vof]; German: Lemberg; Latin: Leopolis; see also other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine and the seventh-largest city in the country overall, with a population of 724,241 as of 2020. Lviv is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine.\nNamed in honour of Leo, the eldest son of Daniel, King of Ruthenia, it was the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia\u2013Volhynia from 1272 to 1349, when it was conquered by King Casimir III the Great of Poland. From 1434, it was the regional capital of the Ruthenian Voivodeship in the Kingdom of Poland. In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland, the city became the capital of the Habsburg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. In 1918, for a short time, it was the capital of the West Ukrainian People's Republic. Between the wars, the city was the centre of the Lw\u00f3w Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic.\nAfter the German-Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, Lviv became part of the Soviet Union, and in 1944\u201346 there was a population exchange between Poland and Soviet Ukraine. In 1991, it became part of the independent nation of Ukraine.\nAdministratively, Lviv serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and has the status of city of oblast significance.\nLviv was the centre of the historical regions of Red Ruthenia and Galicia. The historical heart of the city, with its old buildings and cobblestone streets, survived Soviet and German occupations during World War II largely unscathed. The city has many industries and institutions of higher education such as Lviv University and Lviv Polytechnic. Lviv is also the home of many cultural institutions, including a philharmonic orchestra and the Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet. The historic city centre is on the UNESCO World Heritage List.", "Q70063": "Bourrignon is a municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q2901987": "Uriel Lynn (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc \u05dc\u05d9\u05df\u200e, born 2 April 1935) is an Israeli lawyer, former civil servant and politician. Currently president of the Federation of the Israeli Chambers of Commerce and the Tel Aviv and Central Israel Chamber of Commerce, he served as a member of the Knesset for Likud between 1984 and 1992.", "Q95951": "G\u00fcnther Simon (11 May 1925 \u2013 25 June 1972) was an East German actor.", "Q465105": "William Lawrence Mitchell (March 1, 1928 \u2013 January 5, 2010) was an American trumpeter, bandleader, soul, R&B, rock and roll, pop and funk record producer and arranger who ran Royal Studios in Memphis, Tennessee. He was best known for his Hi Records label of the 1970s, which released albums by a large stable of popular Memphis soul artists, including Mitchell himself, Al Green, O. V. Wright, Syl Johnson, Ann Peebles and Quiet Elegance.", "Q706426": "Kari Arvo Ilari \"K\u00e4rtsy\" Hatakka (born December 17, 1967 in Helsinki, Finland) is the vocalist and bassist for the Finnish music group Waltari, which he founded in 1986.\nK\u00e4rtsy is recognized as one of the most remarkable faces in Finnish rock history. Besides Waltari, K\u00e4rtsy has lived as a full-time musician since 1991, and therefore has also had a lot of other remarkable musical engagements in different fields of music including a pioneering soundtrack work for the Finnish computer game Max Payne (parts 1 and 2) with Kimmo Kajasto.", "Q7895938": "The University of North Carolina School of the Arts (UNCSA) is a public art school in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. It grants high school, undergraduate, and graduate degrees. Founded in 1963 as the North Carolina School of the Arts by then-Governor Terry Sanford, it was the first public arts conservatory in the United States. The school owns and operates the Stevens Center in Downtown Winston-Salem and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.\nThe school consists of five professional schools:\n\nSchool of Dance\nSchool of Design & Production (including a HS Visual Arts Program)\nSchool of Drama\nSchool of Filmmaking\nSchool of Music", "Q113516": "Ivan Tors (born Iv\u00e1n T\u00f6rzs; June 12, 1916 \u2013 June 4, 1983) was a Hungarian playwright, film director, screenwriter, and film and television producer with an emphasis on non-violent but exciting science fiction, underwater sequences, and stories involving animals. He started a Miami-based film studio now known as Greenwich Studios, and later a music company.", "Q92958": "James Werner Zawinski (born November 3, 1968), commonly known as jwz, is an American computer programmer with contributions to the free software projects Mozilla and XEmacs, and early versions of the Netscape Navigator web browser. He maintains the XScreenSaver project which provides screenblanking for Mac OS X and for Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems using the X Window System.Zawinski is currently the proprietor of the DNA Lounge, a nightclub in San Francisco.", "Q3427038": "Ren\u00e9 Aldebert Pineton de Chambrun (23 August 1906 \u2013 19 May 2002), was a French-American aristocrat, lawyer, businessman and author. He practised law at the Court of Appeals of Paris and the New York State Bar Association. He was the author of several books about World War II and his father-in-law, Vichy France Prime Minister Pierre Laval, to whom he served as legal counsel. He defended Coco Chanel in her lawsuit against Pierre Wertheimer over her marketing rights to Chanel No. 5. He was the chairman of Baccarat, the crystal manufacturer, from 1960 to 1992.", "Q3321160": "Rick Dickinson (c. 1957 \u2013 24 April 2018) was a British industrial designer who developed pioneering computer designs in the 1980s. Notable examples of his design work include the ZX81 case and touch-sensitive keyboard and the ZX Spectrum rubber keyboard.", "Q344384": "Damon Anthony Dash (born May 3, 1971) is an American entrepreneur, record executive, film producer, director, and actor. Dash is best known as co-founder of Roc-A-Fella along with Jay-Z and Kareem Burke.", "Q465663": "Ursula M. Burns (born September 20, 1958), is an American businesswoman. She is the chairman and CEO of VEON, a senior advisor to Teneo, and a non-executive director of Diageo since April 2018. She is also a member of the board of directors of Uber. In 2009, Burns became CEO of Xerox, the first among black women to be a CEO of a Fortune 500 company, and the first woman to succeed another as head of a Fortune 500 company. Burns served as CEO of Xerox from 2009 to 2016 and Xerox chairwoman from 2010 to 2017. In 2014, Forbes rated her the 22nd most powerful woman in the world. Among other civic positions, she was a leader of the STEM program of the White House from 2009 to 2016, and head of the President's Export Council from 2015 until 2016.", "Q16480": "Elaine Jessica Weyuker is an ACM Fellow, an IEEE Fellow (since 2003), and an AT&T Fellow at Bell Labs for research in software metrics and testing as well as elected to the National Academy of Engineering. She is the author of over 130 papers in journals and refereed conference proceedings.", "Q4271082": "Robert H. May (November 28, 1822 \u2013 February 7, 1903) was born in Augusta, Georgia. With his parents, he shortly moved to the neighboring counties of Lincoln and Columbia, where they farmed. In his early teens, May moved back to Augusta, Georgia, where he was apprenticed to be a wheelwright with Hubert & Roll. While working at this trade he eventually became a partner in the business, and in 1852 started his own carriage manufacturing business, named R. H. May & Co.; which soon became a leading manufacture of carriages, buggies and farm wagons throughout the south.\nOn February 27, 1845, Robert May married the former Miss Josephine A. Calhoun, daughter of Rev. David Wardlaw Calhoun and Adeline Augusta (n\u00e9e Dickinson) Calhoun of Augusta, Georgia. The wedding was at the home of the bride and officiated by Rev. Josiah Lewis, pastor of St. Johns Methodist church; which Rev. Calhoun was connected. This union produced four children: Aletha Francis (1846\u20131916), Elizabeth Adeline (1847\u20131848), James Thomas (1848\u20131924) and Josephine (1851\u20131852).\nAs Robert May's business and family grew, May became active in community affairs. He was a member of the Augusta City Council for several terms before being elected to the mayor's office in 1861. In 1862, on his suggestion, the city council organized and sponsored the Augusta Purveying Association, which distributed funds and goods among the needy citizens. Mayor May gave freely of his own money to help the needy, actions that were remembered in the years ahead when he ran for re-election. He served five 1-year terms during the period of 1861-66 and was well respected by government officials throughout the state and citizens of Augusta, a like.Toward the end of the Civil War, Governor Joseph E. Brown ordered Mayor May to burn the large amounts of cotton stored in the warehouses throughout Augusta to prevent it from falling into the Union Army\u2019s hands. In an open letter to all cotton owners in the city, Mayor May asked that they move their cotton from the city limits, because this would prevent a risk of the entire city being destroyed. As it turned out, the Union Army never came to Augusta; and the cotton was never destroyed, thus saving many of the pre-war buildings.\nAgain in 1879, the citizens of Augusta called upon Robert May to run the city of Augusta and elected him to four 3-year terms as Mayor through 1891. During these years, Mayor May oversaw the expansion of the city and saw Augusta, Georgia become a leading winter resort that attracted giants of industry and sitting U.S. presidents.\nIt has been said that few men in Augusta were more dearly loved or more highly esteemed than Robert H. May. Even in his late 70\u2019s, he was elected to three 2-year terms as Coroner of Richmond County starting in 1898 until his death in 1903.\nRobert H. May died on February 7, 1903 in Augusta, Georgia at the age of 80 and was buried in Magnolia Cemetery in Augusta. Robert H. May was a man of great intellect, having superb integrity and noble spirit; his years of service were marked as honest and productive. He gave his all to the city and community he loved and served. The park across from Magnolia Cemetery he now rest, bears his name.", "Q276322": "Countess Marisa Allasio (born Maria Luisa Lucia Allasio; 14 July 1934) is a retired Italian actress of the 1950s. She appeared in nearly 20 films between 1952 and 1957.She was considered a typical sex symbol during her film career, which she abandoned in 1957, after marrying Count Pier Francesco Calvi di Bergolo (born 22 December 1932, died 2012), son of Princess Iolanda di Savoia, first-born of Vittorio Emanuele III and Elena del Montenegro. They had two children, Carlo Giorgio Dmitri Drago Maria Laetitia dei Conti Calvi di Bergolo (born 1959, Rome) and Anda Federica Angelica Maria dei Conti Calvi di Bergolo (born 1962, Rome).", "Q49184": "Pittsfield is the largest city and the county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of Berkshire County. The population was 44,737 at the 2010 census. Although the population has declined in recent decades, Pittsfield remains the fourth largest municipality in western Massachusetts, behind only Springfield, Holyoke, and Chicopee.\n In 2006, Forbes ranked Pittsfield as number 61 in its list of Best Small Places for Business. In 2008, Country Home magazine ranked Pittsfield as #24 in a listing of \"green cities\" east of the Mississippi. In 2009, the City of Pittsfield was chosen to receive a 2009 Commonwealth Award, Massachusetts' highest award in the arts, humanities, and sciences. In 2010, the Financial Times proclaimed Pittsfield the \"Brooklyn of the Berkshires\" in an article covering its recent renaissance.In 2012, the city was listed among the 10 best places for single people to retire in the U.S. by U.S. News, due to the high number of single older residents and higher likelihood of finding companionship or a partner.In 2017, the Arts Vibrancy Index compiled by the National Center for Arts Research ranked Pittsfield and Berkshire County as the No. 1 medium-sized community in the nation for the arts.", "Q500945": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport (Hungarian: Budapest Liszt Ferenc Nemzetk\u00f6zi Rep\u00fcl\u0151t\u00e9r) (IATA: BUD, ICAO: LHBP), formerly known as Budapest Ferihegy International Airport and still commonly called just Ferihegy, is the international airport serving the Hungarian capital city of Budapest, and by far the largest of the country's four commercial airports. The airport is located 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) southeast of the center of Budapest (bordering Pest county) and was renamed in 2011 in honour of the most famous Hungarian composer Franz Liszt (Liszt Ferenc, in Hungarian) on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his birth.It offers international connections primarily within Europe, but also to Africa, to the Middle East, to North America and to the Far East. In 2019, the airport handled 16.2 million passengers. The airport is the headquarters and primary hub for Wizz Air and base for Ryanair. In 2012 it experienced a significant drop in aircraft movements and handled cargo, primarily due to the collapse of Mal\u00e9v Hungarian Airlines earlier in the year, hence losing a large portion of connecting passengers. It had been the hub for Mal\u00e9v until the airline's bankruptcy on 3 February 2012.In 2015 North-American and Middle-Eastern carriers announced direct flights to Budapest. In 2018 LOT Polish Airlines made Budapest their first hub outside Poland, with flights to New York\u2013JFK, Chicago\u2013O'Hare, Krak\u00f3w and London City Airport. Nowadays, the Budapest hub of Wizz Air is the largest of all with more than 60 destinations.", "Q173584": "Ronald 'Mack' Hellings (September 14, 1915 \u2013 November 11, 1951) was an American racecar driver from Fort Dodge, Iowa. He died in a plane crash in Kern County, California in 1951.\n\n", "Q82593": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres Olsen (born 24 December 1954 in San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica) is a Costa Rican businessman and politician. After he left the presidency of Costa Rica in 1998, Figueres has also been involved in global issues such as climate change, sustainable development, and technology. He started his career as an engineer working in agribusiness. After a decade, he entered public service as Minister of Foreign Trade and then Minister of Agriculture. In 1994, he was elected President of Costa Rica, as the nation's youngest elected president of the 20th century (Alfredo Gonzalez Flores became president in 1914 at the age of 36, however he was not elected democratically, as he was appointed by the National Assembly). In 2000, he joined the World Economic Forum in Switzerland, and later he worked with Concordia 21 in Madrid. Since 2010, he has been Chairman of the Carbon War Room, an independent non-profit organization focused on the global transition to a low-carbon economy. On 27 March 2012, Sir Richard Branson announced that he was appointed as the new President of the Carbon War Room.", "Q324470": "The Kara Koyunlu or Qara Qoyunlu, also called the Black Sheep Turkomans (Persian: \u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0648\u200e), were a Muslim Turkoman monarchy that ruled over the territory comprising present-day Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, \nnorthwestern Iran, eastern Turkey, and northeastern Iraq from about 1374 to 1468.", "Q973488": "Vladimir Nikola\u00efevitch Chernov (born September 22, 1953) is a Russian baritone, particularly associated with the Russian and Italian opera repertories.\n\n", "Q61608": "Horst Tappert (26 May 1923 \u2013 13 December 2008) was a German movie and television actor best known for the role of Inspector Stephan Derrick in the television drama Derrick.", "Q269202": "Margaret Lockwood, CBE (15 September 1916 \u2013 15 July 1990), was an English actress. One of Britain's most popular film stars of the 1930s and 1940s, her film appearances included The Lady Vanishes (1938), Night Train to Munich (1940), The Man in Grey (1943), and The Wicked Lady (1945). She was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Actress for the 1955 film Cast a Dark Shadow. She also starred in the television series Justice (1971\u201374)", "Q183105": "Randolph Frederick Edward Spencer-Churchill (28 May 1911 \u2013 6 June 1968) was a British journalist, writer and a Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Preston from 1940 to 1945.\nHe was the only son of British Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill and his wife, Clementine Churchill, Baroness Spencer-Churchill. He wrote the first two volumes of the official life of his father, complemented by an extensive archive of materials. His first wife (1939\u201346) was Pamela Digby; their son, Winston, followed his father into Parliament.", "Q1113061": "Mariano Fortuny y Madrazo (Catalan: Mari\u00e0 Fortuny i de Madrazo, pronounced [m\u0259\u027ei\u02c8a fu\u027e\u02c8tu\u0272 i \u00f0\u0259 m\u0259\u02c8\u00f0\u027ea\u03b8u]; 11 May 1871 \u2013 3 May 1949) was a Spanish fashion designer who opened his couture house in 1906 and continued until 1946. He was the son of the painter Mariano Fortuny y Marsal.\n\n", "Q109228": "Detlef Irrgang (born 27 May 1966) is a German former footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He is best remembered for his two spells with Energie Cottbus, spanning 22 years, over 400 appearances, and the reunification of Germany.", "Q705649": "Mitch Ryder (born William Sherille Levise, Jr.; February 26, 1945) is an American musician, who has recorded more than 25 albums over more than four decades.", "Q185574": "Adebayo Adedeji (21 December 1930 \u2013 25 April 2018) was a Nigerian economist and academic. A full-fledged Professor at the age of 36 years, he was Nigeria's Federal Commissioner for Economic Development & Reconstruction from 1971 to 1975. He was responsible for the economic development and reconstruction of post-civil war Nigeria. In June 1975, he was appointed Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa and remained in this position until July 1991. Adedeji wrote the Lagos Plan of Action of 1980 that was adopted by the UN and OAU. On his return to Nigeria, he founded the African Centre for Development and Strategic Studies (ACDESS), a non-governmental independent continental non-profit, think-tank dedicated to multi-disciplinary and strategic studies on and for Africa. He received the national honor of Commander of the Federal Republic.[1]\nIn December 2010, after turning 80, he retired from public life and spent the last years of his life quietly in his home town of Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria.", "Q336074": "Christopher Haden-Guest, 5th Baron Haden-Guest (born February 5, 1948) is an English\u2013American screenwriter, composer, musician, director, actor, and comedian. Guest is most widely known in Hollywood for having written, directed and starred in his series of comedy films shot in mock-documentary (mockumentary) style. Many scenes and character backgrounds in Guest's films are written and directed, although actors have no rehearsal time and the ensemble improvise scenes while filming them. The series of films began with This Is Spinal Tap (which he did not direct) and continued with Waiting for Guffman, Best In Show, A Mighty Wind, For Your Consideration, and Mascots.\nGuest holds a hereditary British peerage as the 5th Baron Haden-Guest, and has publicly expressed a desire to see the House of Lords reformed as a democratically elected chamber. Though he was initially active in the Lords, his career there was cut short by the House of Lords Act 1999, which removed the right of most hereditary peers to a seat in the parliament. When using his title, he is normally styled as Lord Haden-Guest. Guest is married to actress and author Jamie Lee Curtis.", "Q45966": "Erin Way (born September 13, 1987) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Kat in the Syfy drama series Alphas. She joined the show in the third episode of the second season.A former ballet dancer, Erin Way started acting while in high school. She comes from a family of six children and was home schooled with her two brothers until high school.", "Q4451109": "Ferm\u00edn Tang\u00fcis (March 29, 1851 \u2013 August 24, 1930), was a Puerto Rican businessman, farmer, and scientist who developed the seed that would eventually produce the Tanguis cotton in Peru and save that nation's cotton industry.\n\n", "Q477273": "The Istiqlal or Independence Party (Arabic: \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u1e24izb Al-Istiql\u0101l, French: Parti de l'Istiqlal) is a political party in Morocco. It is a conservative and monarchist party and a member of the Centrist Democrat International and International Democrat Union. Istiqlal headed a coalition government under Abbas El Fassi from 19 September 2007 to 29 November 2011. Since 2013, it has been the official opposition.", "Q183111": "Jihlava (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u026a\u0266lava] (listen); German: Iglau, is a city in the Czech Republic. Jihlava is the capital of the Vyso\u010dina Region, situated on the Jihlava river (German Igel) on the historical border between Moravia and Bohemia, and is the oldest mining town in the Czech Republic, approximately 50 years older than Kutn\u00e1 Hora.\nAmong the principal buildings are the early Gothic churches of St. Jacob, Friars Minor church of Our Lady and Dominican church of the Holy Cross, the Baroque church of St. Ignatius of Loyola, the Municipal Hall and a number of municipal houses containing Gothic and Renaissance details. There is also a Jewish cemetery, containing some remarkable monuments including the tombstone of the parents of Gustav Mahler.", "Q356794": "Frederick Percival Mills (26 June 1919 \u2013 25 July 1965) was an English boxer, and the world light heavyweight champion from 1948 to 1950. Mills was 5 feet 10 1\u20442 inches (179 cm) tall and did not have a sophisticated boxing style; he relied on two-fisted aggression, relentless pressure, and the ability to take punishment to carry him through, and in more cases than not these attributes were sufficient.\nMills excelled first as a middleweight, and most successfully as a light-heavyweight boxer, but also fought as a heavyweight. He was described as Britain's biggest boxing idol in the post-war period and remained a popular media personality after his retirement from the ring.Once he had retired from boxing, Mills moved into boxing management and promotion, and pursued a career in entertainment, working in radio, television (notably as co-presenter of the early BBC TV music show, Six-Five Special between 1957 and 1958), and on the stage, as well as playing roles in a number of films between 1952 and 1965. He opened a Chinese restaurant in Soho before there was an established Chinatown in the area and also ran his own London nightclub until his mysterious death.\n\n", "Q117002": "Ricardo P\u00edo P\u00e9rez Godoy (9 June 1905 \u2013 26 July 1982) was a general of the Peruvian army who launched a coup d'\u00e9tat in July 1962, headed a military junta until March 1963 and served as the 55th President of Peru (1st President of the Military Junta).\nThree main candidates participated in the Peruvian presidential elections of 10 June 1962: V\u00edctor Ra\u00fal Haya de la Torre, founder and leader of the APRA, future president Fernando Bela\u00fande, and former dictator Manuel A. Odr\u00eda. Haya de la Torre gained most of the votes according to the official results, one percentage point ahead of Bela\u00fande.\nHowever, none of the candidates reached the margin of one-third of the votes needed to become president. Therefore, the final decision lay with the Peruvian Congress. Haya de la Torre and Odr\u00eda formed an alliance in order to install Odr\u00eda as the new president.", "Q533343": "Diane Johnson, born Diane Lain (April 28, 1934), is an American novelist and essayist whose satirical novels often feature American heroines living abroad in contemporary France. She was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for her novel Persian Nights in 1988.\n\n", "Q575316": "Cerritos (Spanish for little hills), formerly named Dairy Valley because of the preponderance of dairy farms in the area, is a suburban city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, and is one of several cities that constitute the Gateway Cities of southeast Los Angeles County. It was incorporated on April 24, 1956. As of the 2010 census, the population was 49,041. It is part of the Los Angeles\u2013Long Beach\u2013Anaheim, California Metropolitan Statistical Area designated by the Office of Management and Budget.", "Q32522": "Jennifer Joanna Aniston (born February 11, 1969) is an American actress, film producer, and businesswoman. The daughter of actors John Aniston and Nancy Dow, she began working as an actress at an early age with an uncredited role in the 1987 film Mac and Me. Her first major film role came in the 1993 horror comedy Leprechaun. Since her career grew in the early 1990s, Aniston has been one of the highest-paid actresses in Hollywood. \nAniston rose to international fame portraying Rachel Green on the television sitcom Friends (1994\u20132004), for which she earned Primetime Emmy, Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild awards. The character became widely popular and was described as one of the greatest female characters in American television history. Aniston has since played starring roles in numerous dramas, comedies and romantic comedies. Her biggest box office successes include the films Bruce Almighty (2003), The Break-Up (2006), Marley & Me (2008), Just Go with It (2011), Horrible Bosses (2011), and We're the Millers (2013), each of which grossed over $200 million in worldwide box office receipts. Some of her most critically acclaimed film roles include Office Space (1999), The Good Girl (2002), Friends with Money (2006), Cake (2014), and Dumplin' (2018). She returned to television in 2019, producing and starring in the Apple TV+ drama series The Morning Show, for which she won another Screen Actors Guild Award.\nAniston has been included in numerous magazines' lists of the world's most beautiful women. Her net worth is estimated to be US$200 million. She is the recipient of a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Aniston is also the co-founder of the production company Echo Films, established in 2008. Divorced from actor Brad Pitt, to whom she was married for five years, Aniston is also separated from actor Justin Theroux, whom she married in 2015.", "Q1965": "New Brunswick is one of four Atlantic provinces on the east coast of Canada. According to the Constitution of Canada, New Brunswick is the only bilingual province. About two-thirds of the population declare themselves anglophones, and one third francophones. One-third of the population describes themselves as bilingual. Atypically for Canada, only about half of the population lives in urban areas, mostly in Greater Moncton, Greater Saint John and the capital Fredericton.\nUnlike the other Maritime provinces, New Brunswick's terrain is mostly forested uplands, with much of the land further from the coast, giving it a harsher climate. New Brunswick is 83% forested and less densely populated than the rest of the Maritimes.\nBeing relatively close to Europe, New Brunswick was among the first places in North America to be explored and settled by Europeans, starting with the French in the early 1600s, who displaced the indigenous Mi'kmaq, Maliseet, and Passamaquoddy peoples. The French settlers were themselves later displaced when the area became part of the British Empire. In 1784, after an influx of refugees from the American Revolutionary War, the province was partitioned from Nova Scotia. In 1785 Saint John became the first incorporated city in what is now Canada. The province prospered in the early 1800s and the population grew rapidly, reaching about a quarter of a million by mid-century. In 1867, New Brunswick was one of four founding provinces of the Canadian Confederation, along with Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada (now Ontario and Quebec).\nAfter Confederation, wooden shipbuilding and lumbering declined, while protectionism disrupted trade ties with New England. The mid-1900s found New Brunswick to be one of the poorest regions of Canada, now mitigated by Canadian transfer payments and improved support for rural areas. As of 2002, provincial gross domestic product was derived as follows: services (about half being government services and public administration) 43%; construction, manufacturing, and utilities 24%; real estate rental 12%; wholesale and retail 11%; agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, mining, oil and gas extraction 5%; transportation and warehousing 5%.Tourism accounts for about 9% of the labour force directly or indirectly. Popular destinations include Fundy National Park and the Hopewell Rocks, Kouchibouguac National Park, and Roosevelt Campobello International Park. In 2013, 64 cruise ships called at Port of Saint John, carrying, on average, 2,600 passengers each.", "Q195773": "Alexey Lvovich Rybnikov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u044b\u0301\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432; born July 17, 1945) is a modern Russian composer.\nHe is the author of music for Soviet and Russian musicals (rock-operas) Star and Death of Joaquin Murrieta (\u0417\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044c \u0425\u043e\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0442\u044b, 1976) and Juno and Avos (\u042e\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0410\u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c, 1981, shown more than 700 times), for numerous plays and operas, for more than 80 Russian movies. More than 10 million discs with his music have been sold to 1989.", "Q80390": "Anthony William Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead, (born 3 March 1951) is the Director-General of the BBC.\nHe took up the post of Director-General on 2 April 2013. Previously he was Chief Executive of the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London from 2001 until March 2013, and Director of News at the BBC between 1993 and 2001. He will step down as Director-General in the summer of 2020.\nHall was made a life peer and took his seat in the House of Lords as a crossbench member on 22 March 2010.", "Q462118": "Pearl Mae Bailey (March 29, 1918 \u2013 August 17, 1990) was an American actress and singer. After appearing in vaudeville she made her Broadway debut in St. Louis Woman in 1946. She won a Tony Award for the title role in the all-black production of Hello, Dolly! in 1968. In 1986, she won a Daytime Emmy award for her performance as a fairy godmother in the ABC Afterschool Special, Cindy Eller: A Modern Fairy Tale.\nHer rendition of \"Takes Two to Tango\" hit the top ten in 1952. She received the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 1976 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom on October 17, 1988.", "Q270747": "Mary Lucy Denise Henner (born April 6, 1952) is an American actress, producer, radio host, podcaster, and author. She began her career appearing in the original production of the musical Grease in 1971, before making her screen debut in the 1977 comedy-drama film Between the Lines.\nIn 1977, Henner was cast in her breakthrough role as Elaine O'Connor Nardo in the ABC/NBC sitcom Taxi, a role she played until 1983 and received five Golden Globe Award nominations. She later had co-starring roles in films such as Hammett (1982), The Man Who Loved Women (1983), Cannonball Run II (1984), Johnny Dangerously (1984), Rustlers' Rhapsody (1985), Ladykillers (1988), L.A. Story (1991), and Noises Off (1992). She returned to television with a starring role in the CBS sitcom Evening Shade (1990\u201394), and later had leading roles in many made-for-television movies.", "Q335569": "Georgina Carolina Verbaan (born 9 October 1979) is a Dutch actress and singer. Verbaan is best known for her recurring role in soap opera Goede Tijden, Slechte Tijden. She has also appeared in various Dutch films, including Costa!, Volle maan and Oogverblindend.", "Q706354": "The NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchester (NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra) is a German radio orchestra based in Hamburg. Affiliated with the Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR; North German Broadcasting), the orchestra is based at the Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg, Germany. Earlier the ensemble was called the NDR Symphony Orchestra (German: Sinfonieorchester des Norddeutschen Rundfunks), and was also known in English as the North German Radio Symphony Orchestra. \nBritish occupation authorities founded the orchestra after World War II as part of Radio Hamburg (NWDR), which was the only radio station in what would become West Germany not destroyed during the war. The first musicians came mostly from the ranks of the old Nazi-controlled Gro\u00dfes Rundfunkorchester des Reichssenders Hamburg. Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt, who was living near Hamburg, was given the task of assembling the members, something he accomplished over a period of six months. Schmidt-Isserstedt conducted the orchestra's first concert in November 1945, with Yehudi Menuhin as soloist. Schmidt-Isserstedt served as the first chief conductor of the orchestra, through 1971.\nThe orchestra first visited the UK in 1951, as part of the concerts celebrating the re-opening in Manchester of the Free Trade Hall. In addition to its performances of the core classical and romantic repertoire by composers such as Beethoven and Bruckner, the orchestra also has a focus on contemporary works by Bernd Alois Zimmermann, Wolfgang Rihm and Hans Werner Henze. It rose to particular significance during the chief conductorship of G\u00fcnter Wand, from 1982 to 1990. Wand conducted several commercial recordings with the orchestra for the RCA Victor Red Seal and EMI labels. The orchestra has also recorded for the Deutsche Grammophon and CPO labels.\nThomas Hengelbrock became chief conductor of the orchestra with the 2011\u20132012 season, with an initial contract of three years. In January 2017, the orchestra took up its new residence at the newly opened Elbphilharmonie, and formally changed its name to the NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchester. In June 2017, the orchestra announced that Hengelbrock is to conclude his tenure with the ensemble at the close of the 2018-2019 season.Past principal guest conductors have included Alan Gilbert, who held the post from 2004 to 2015. The orchestra's current principal guest conductor is Krzysztof Urbanski, since the 2015\u20132016 season. In June 2017, the orchestra announced the appointment of Gilbert as its next chief conductor, effective with the 2019-2020 season, with an initial contract of 5 seasons. He is scheduled to take the title of chief conductor-designate in the autumn of 2017.In December 2017, Hengelbrock expressed his displeasure with the timing of the announcement of Alan Gilbert as his designated successor, within the same month as the original announcement of the previously scheduled conclusion of his tenure. Hengelbrock thus announced his intention to stand down as chief conductor of the NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra at the end of the 2017\u20132018 season, one season earlier than originally planned.", "Q115615": "Robert Vigouroux (21 March 1923 \u2013 9 July 2017) was a French politician and writer. He was the Mayor of Marseille (the second largest city in France) from 1986 to 1995, and a French Senator for the Bouches-du-Rhone from 1989 to 1998.", "Q473015": "Anxo Lorenzo is a musician who plays the gaita, the traditional Galician bagpipe, from Moa\u00f1a (Tir\u00e1n), a small village on the Atlantic Coast of Galicia (Spain).\nLorenzo has played on several festivals, including Piping Live!, the William Kennedy Piping Festival and F\u00e9ile Iorrais in Northern Ireland .\n\n", "Q756563": "Joel Rueben Madden (n\u00e9 Combs; March 11, 1979) is the lead vocalist for the American pop punk band Good Charlotte, as well as a record producer, actor, DJ, and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. He is also part of the pop rock collaboration The Madden Brothers with his identical twin brother Benji Madden.", "Q153640": "Mahmud Tarzi (Pashto: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0632\u06cd\u200e, Dari: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u06af \u0637\u0631\u0632\u06cc; August 23, 1865 \u2013 November 22, 1933) was an Afghan politician and intellectual. He is known as the father of Afghan journalism. He became a key figure in the history of Afghanistan, following the lead of Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk in Turkey by working for modernization and secularization, and strongly opposing religious extremism and obscurantism. Tarzi emulated the Young Turks coalition.", "Q435040": "Susan, Lady Kulukundis, (n\u00e9e Hampshire; born 12 May 1937), known professionally by her maiden name Susan Hampshire, is an English actress, known for her many television and film roles. A three-time Emmy Award winner, she won for The Forsyte Saga in 1970, The First Churchills in 1971, and for Vanity Fair in 1973. Her other television credits include The Pallisers (1974), The Grand (1997\u201398), and Monarch of the Glen (2000\u20132005).", "Q173590": "Arthur James Bisch (November 10, 1926 \u2013 July 6, 1958) was an American racecar driver. Bisch died two days after sustaining head and chest injuries when his Champ Car smashed into the guardrail and rolled over twice at Lakewood Speedway in July 1958. A month earlier, he had captured his first Champ Car win at the Milwaukee Mile.", "Q102369": "Alfred Haag (15 December 1904, Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd, W\u00fcrttemberg \u2013 8 August 1982) was a member of the Youth movement of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) in the small W\u00fcrttemberg town of Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd in the 1920s, he married another communist; Lina Haag in 1927. He was a volunteer editor for the Sueddeutsche Zeitung workers in Stuttgart, later he was elected a member of the regional parliament for the KPD until Hitler's rise to power in 1933. Both Alfred and Lina were soon arrested, and both spent many years in prisons and concentration camps.\nAlfred was first in the Upper Kuhberg Concentration Camp near Ulm until it was dissolved in 1935, then at the Dachau concentration camp until 1939, when he was transferred to the Mauthausen concentration camp. Lina was released in 1939, and having been reunited with their daughter, she moved to Berlin and obtained work. She visited the HQ of the SS almost daily to petition for her husband's release until 1940, when she finally, and incredibly, obtained permission for an audience with Heinrich Himmler and he secured Alfred's release from Mauthausen. He had survived physical torture whilst detained there and at Dachau.\nAlfred was soon afterwards drafted into the Army and sent to the Eastern Front, and Lina and their daughter were bombed out of their home in Berlin. Lina was transferred to work in a hospital in Garmisch Whilst there she wrote a memoir of her experiences in the form of an extended letter to Alfred, not knowing if she would see him again. It was eventually published in 1947 as 'A Handful of Dust' or 'How Long the Night' in English. \nAlfred was taken prisoner by the Red Army and eventually released in 1948, when they were reunited once again and lived together in Munich until Alfred's death in 1982. Alfred worked until his death as advocate for the victims of the camps in the Union of Persecutees of the Nazi Regime (VVN-BdA). For many years he was its Bavarian regional chairman. In 2007, Lina was given the Dachau Award for Courage. She lived in Munich until her death in 2012.", "Q49190": "Waltham is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, and was an early center for the labor movement as well as a major contributor to the American Industrial Revolution. The original home of the Boston Manufacturing Company, the city was a prototype for 19th century industrial city planning, spawning what became known as the Waltham-Lowell system of labor and production. The city is now a center for research and higher education, home to Brandeis University and Bentley University. The population was 60,636 at the census in 2010.Waltham has been called \"watch city\" because of its association with the watch industry. Waltham Watch Company opened its factory in Waltham in 1854 and was the first company to make watches on an assembly line. It won the gold medal in 1876 at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition. The company produced over 35 million watches, clocks and instruments before it closed in 1957.\n\n", "Q1045541": "G-funk, or gangsta-funk, is a subgenre of hip hop music that emerged from West Coast Gangsta rap in the early 1990s, heavily influenced by 1970s funk sound of artists such as Parliament-Funkadelic.", "Q877188": "The Deutsche Film- und Fernsehakademie Berlin (dffb, German Film and Television Academy Berlin) is a film school in Berlin, Germany.\nIn the German film school ranking of FOCUS (Issue 22/2006), the dffb - together with the Academy of Media Arts Cologne and the international filmschool cologne - were ranked as 2nd after the Film Academy Baden-Wuerttemberg. Evaluation criteria were the reputation of the university, the support for the students, the technical equipment and the number of awards won.\nIt was established in 1966. Rainer Werner Fassbinder applied for a place at the Berlin Film School (dffb) twice, but was refused.", "Q333118": "David Vaughan Icke (; born 29 April 1952) is an English conspiracy theorist, and former footballer and sports broadcaster. He is the author of over 20 books and has lectured in over 25 countries.Icke claims he saw former British Prime Minister Ted Heath's eyes turn black while the two waited for a Sky News interview in 1989. In 1990, while spokesman for the Green Party, he visited a psychic who he said told him he had been placed on earth for a purpose and would begin to receive messages from the spirit world. These events led him to announce the following year that he was a \"Son of the Godhead\" and that the world would soon be devastated by tidal waves and earthquakes, a prediction he repeated on the BBC's primetime show Wogan. The show turned him from a respected household name into the subject of widespread public ridicule.Over the next 11 years Icke wrote The Robots' Rebellion (1994), And the Truth Shall Set You Free (1995), The Biggest Secret (1999), and Children of the Matrix (2001), in which he developed his worldview of New Age conspiracism. His endorsement of the antisemitic forgery The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in The Robots' Rebellion and And the Truth Shall Set You Free led his publisher to refuse to publish his books, which were self-published thereafter.Icke believes that the universe is made up of \"vibrational\" energy and consists of an infinite number of dimensions that share the same space. He claims that an inter-dimensional race of reptilian beings called the Archons (or Anunnaki) have hijacked the earth, and that a genetically modified human\u2013Archon hybrid race of shape-shifting reptilians known as the Babylonian Brotherhood, the Illuminati, or the \"elite\", manipulate global events to keep humans in constant fear so the Archons can feed off the \"negative energy\" this creates.He claims many prominent public figures belong to the Babylonian Brotherhood and are propelling humanity toward an Orwellian global fascist state, or New World Order, a post-truth era where freedom of speech is ended. Icke believes that the only way this 'Archontic' influence can be defeated is if people wake up to the truth and fill their hearts with love. Critics have accused Icke of being a Holocaust denier and an antisemite, with his theories about reptilians being a deliberate \"code\"; Icke denies these claims.\n\n", "Q324302": "Bruce Herbert Glover (born May 2, 1932) is an American character actor perhaps best known for his portrayal of the assassin Mr. Wint in the James Bond film Diamonds Are Forever. He is the father of actor Crispin Glover.", "Q277996": "Asha Kelunni Nair (born 8 July 1966), better known by her stage name Revathi, is an Indian film actress and director, known for her works predominantly in Tamil and Malayalam cinema.\nShe has won several accolades, including the National Film Awards in three different categories, and six Filmfare Awards South.\n\n", "Q30453": "The Grandes Jorasses (4,208 m; 13,806 ft) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif, on the boundary between Haute-Savoie in France and Aosta Valley in Italy.\nThe first ascent of the highest peak of the mountain (Pointe Walker) was by Horace Walker with guides Melchior Anderegg, Johann Jaun and Julien Grange on 30 June 1868. The second-highest peak on the mountain (Pointe Whymper, 4,184 m; 13,727 ft) was first climbed by Edward Whymper, Christian Almer, Michel Croz and Franz Biner on 24 June 1865, using what has become the normal route of ascent and the one followed by Walker's party in 1868.\nThe summits on the mountain (from east to west) are:\n\nPointe Walker (4,208 m; 13,806 ft) \u2013 named after Horace Walker, who made the first ascent of the mountain\nPointe Whymper (4,184 m; 13,727 ft) \u2013 named after Edward Whymper, who made the first ascent of this, the second-highest summit\nPointe Croz (4,110 m; 13,484 ft) \u2013 named after Michel Croz, a guide from Chamonix\nPointe Elena (4,045 m; 13,271 ft) \u2013 named after Princess Elena of Savoy\nPointe Margherita (4,065 m; 13,337) \u2013 named after Queen Margherita of Savoy, wife of King Umberto I of Italy\nPointe Young (3,996 m; 13,110 ft) \u2013 named after Geoffrey Winthrop Young", "Q230405": "Jodi Lyn O'Keefe (born October 10, 1978) is an American actress, model and fashion designer. She came to prominence for her portrayal of Cassidy on the television series Nash Bridges (1996\u20132001). She is also known for playing Gretchen Morgan on Prison Break (2007\u201309), and for her roles as Jo Laughlin on The Vampire Diaries (2014\u201317) and Lionel Davenport on Hit the Floor (2014\u201318). Her film credits include Halloween H20 (1998) and She's All That (1999).", "Q473773": "Sir David Alexander Cecil Low (7 April 1891 \u2013 19 September 1963) was a New Zealand political cartoonist and caricaturist who lived and worked in the United Kingdom for many years. Low was a self-taught cartoonist. Born in New Zealand, he worked in his native country before migrating to Sydney in 1911, and ultimately to London (1919), where he made his career and earned fame for his Colonel Blimp depictions and his merciless satirising of the personalities and policies of German dictator Adolf Hitler, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, and other leaders of his times.\nLow was born and educated in New Zealand. His first work was published when he was only 11 years old. His professional career began at The Canterbury Times in 1910. The following year he moved to Australia and worked for The Bulletin. His work attracted the attention of Henry Cadbury, the part owner of The Star, and Low moved to London in 1919, working for that paper until 1927, when he moved to the Evening Standard. There he produced his most famous work, chronicling the rise of fascism in the 1930s, the policy of Appeasement, and the conflict of World War II. His stinging depictions of Hitler and Mussolini led to his work being banned in Italy and Germany, and his being named in The Black Book.", "Q71369": "Lauritz Lauritzen (20 January 1910 \u2013 5 June 1980) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He was born in Kiel and died in Bad Honnef.", "Q66615": "Johann von Rist (8 March 1607 \u2013 31 August 1667) was a German poet and dramatist best known for the hymns he wrote.", "Q759136": "Robert Alexander Holt Methuen, 7th Baron Methuen (22 July 1931 \u2013 9 July 2014), was a British Liberal Democrat peer. He was one of the ninety hereditary peers elected to remain in the House of Lords after the House of Lords Act 1999.", "Q70077": "Claudia Nolte (born Claudia Wiesem\u00fcller, 7 February 1966) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), who became the youngest cabinet minister in German history whilst in office from 1994\u201398 and was Federal Minister for family, seniors, women and youth affairs and, by virtue of this office, presided over the European Union Council of Ministers. Nolte is a Catholic and is active in the Catholic community. She is married to investigative journalist David Crawford of CORRECT!V. With her marriage in July 2008, she changed her name to Claudia Crawford.", "Q68638": "Grancy is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Morges.\n\n", "Q39311": "Patrick Lloyd McCrory (born October 17, 1956) is an American businessman, politician, and radio host who served as the 74th Governor of North Carolina from 2013 to 2017. Previously, he was the 53rd Mayor of Charlotte from 1995 to 2009 and served on the United States Homeland Security Advisory Council from 2002 to 2006.\nMcCrory was the Republican nominee for Governor of North Carolina in the 2008 general election and was defeated by Lieutenant Governor Bev Perdue, the Democratic nominee. After the 2008 election loss, McCrory returned to the private sector. On January 31, 2012, he launched his second campaign for North Carolina Governor, winning the election later that year. McCrory became the first Mayor of Charlotte to win the state's highest office, as well as the first Republican North Carolina Governor since 1993.\nIn 2013, McCrory signed a repeal of the Racial Justice Act of 2009, which allowed the use of broad statistics as evidence of racial bias during the appeal of a death sentence. In 2016, McCrory came to national attention after signing the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act (\"HB2\"). Among other provisions, HB2 prevented local governing bodies from establishing their own anti-discrimination statutes. It declared that in government buildings, individuals may use only the restrooms that correspond to the sex on their birth certificates, preventing transgender people who have not altered their birth certificates from using the restroom consistent with their gender identity. The United States Department of Justice, in addition to several private citizens, filed lawsuits against McCrory and the state regarding HB2. Over 100 corporations voiced their opposition to HB2, notably to the elements that limited protections to LGBT individuals. Economists have estimated that HB2 negatively impacted GDP in the state of North Carolina by an amount between $450 and $630 million, along with over a thousand new jobs.In 2016, McCrory lost his reelection campaign to Democrat Roy Cooper, the North Carolina Attorney General. On election night, the race was too close to call. The McCrory campaign filed election protests alleging that voter fraud helped Cooper in 50 counties. On December 5, 2016, McCrory conceded the race to Cooper. HB2 was later repealed on March 30, 2017. McCrory later made unsubstantiated claims of voter fraud in connection with the 2016 election.", "Q103711": "Bernhard Eisenstuck (20 September 1805, Annaberg-Buchholz, Electorate of Saxony \u2013 5 April 1871), factory co-owner and president of the Chenmitz town council, was a prominent agitator for a trade policy, when only in the sense of a protective tariff. In 1848, he was a member of the Frankfurt preliminary parliament (Vorparlament) and then elected from Chemnitz to the succeeding Frankfurt parliament where he sat on the left. In May he was sent as an imperial commissioner to the insurgent Palatinate, but recalled for overstepping his authority. He was vice president of the leftovers of the Frankfurt parliament (Rumpfparlament) when it emigrated to Stuttgart. Before its forced dispersal, he resigned and went to Belgium. After a long absence, he returned home and was a representative in Saxony's parliament where his name and decisive stance lent prestige to the thinly populated liberal ranks. He died as director of a thread-spinning factory.", "Q95945": "Reinhard Lettmann (9 March 1933 \u2013 16 April 2013) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the Diocese of M\u00fcnster, Germany.\nOrdained to the priesthood in 1959, Lettmann was named bishop in 1973 and retired in 2008.\n\n", "Q236074": "Cam Joslin Gigandet (; born August 16, 1982) is an American actor whose credits include a recurring role on The O.C. and appearances in feature films Twilight, Pandorum, Never Back Down, Burlesque, Easy A, Priest, and The Magnificent Seven. He also starred in the CBS legal drama series Reckless. From 2016 to 2018, Gigandet starred in the Audience Network drama series Ice.", "Q256958": "Ann Hui On-wah, MBE, BBS, (traditional Chinese: \u8a31\u978d\u83ef; simplified Chinese: \u8bb8\u978d\u534e; pinyin: X\u01d4 \u0100nhu\u00e1; Hepburn: Kyo Anka; born 23 May 1947) is a Hong Kong film director, producer, screenwriter and actress. She is one of the most critically acclaimed Hong Kong New Wave filmmakers. She is known for her films about social issues in Hong Kong. Her film works cover different categories, including: literary adaptation, martial arts masterpieces, semi-autobiographical works, female issues, social phenomena, political changes, and also thrillers. She served as the president of the Hong Kong Film Director's Guild from 2004 to 2006.Hui has won numerous awards for her films. She won Golden Horse Awards (GHA) for Best Director three times(1999, 2011, 2014); Best Film at the Asia Pacific Film Festival; Hong Kong Film Awards for Best Director six times (1983, 1996, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018). There are only two films won Grand Slam for Hong Kong Film Awards (means a film won best picture, best director, best screenplay and best actor and actress at the same time), they are Summer Snow and A Simple Life, both are directed by Ann Hui. She was honored for her lifetime accomplishments at the 2012 Asian Film Awards. In 2017, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) invited Hui to become a member.", "Q74211": "Ewa Klamt (born 26 May 1950, Straubing) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for Lower Saxony from 1999 until 2009. She is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party. From 2010 until 2013, she served as a member of the Bundestag, replacing Astrid Grotel\u00fcschen as representative of Delmenhorst \u2013 Wesermarsch \u2013 Oldenburg-Land.", "Q1964497": "Nancy Hower (born May 11, 1966 in Wyckoff, New Jersey) is an American actress, director, screenwriter and producer.", "Q107577": "Gert Willner was a CDU politician in Schleswig-Holstein. He was a member of the Bundestag for Pinneberg from the 1994 federal election until his death.", "Q100218": "Martina Bunge (born 18 May 1951 in Leipzig) is a German politician and member of \"die Linke\" (The Left).", "Q232212": "Tracy Rose Chevalier, (born October 19, 1962) is an American-British historical novelist. She is best known for her second novel, Girl with a Pearl Earring, which was adapted as a 2003 film starring Scarlett Johansson and Colin Firth.", "Q886171": "Horace Fairbanks (March 21, 1820 \u2013 March 17, 1888) was an American politician and the 36th Governor of Vermont from 1876 to 1878.", "Q1942336": "Morris \"Moe\" Koffman, OC (28 December 1928 \u2013 28 March 2001) was a Canadian jazz saxophonist and flautist, as well as composer and arranger. During a career spanning from the 1950s to the 2000s, Koffman was one of Canada's most prolific musicians, working variously in clubs and sessions and releasing 30 albums. With his 1957 record Cool and Hot Sax on the New York-based Jubilee label, Koffman became one of the first Canadian jazz musicians to record a full-length album. Koffman was also a long-time member of Rob McConnell's Boss Brass.", "Q72660": "Peter Reichensperger (b. at Coblenz, 28 May 1810 - d. at Berlin, 31 December 1892) was a German jurist and parliamentarian.", "Q167283": "Timur Shah Durrani, (Pashto, Persian, Urdu, Arabic: \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u06c1 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc ; 1748 \u2013 May 18, 1793) was the second ruler of the Durrani Empire, from October 16, 1772 until his death in 1793. An ethnic Pashtun, he was the second child and eldest son of Ahmad Shah Durrani.", "Q234663": "Merc\u00e8 Rodoreda i Gurgu\u00ed (Catalan pronunciation: [m\u0259\u027e\u02c8s\u025b ru\u00f0u\u02c8\u027e\u025b\u00f0\u0259]; 10 October 1908 \u2013 13 April 1983) was a Catalan novelist.\nShe has been called the most important Catalan novelist of the postwar period. Her novel La pla\u00e7a del diamant ('The diamond square', translated as The Time of the Doves, 1962) has become the most popular Catalan novel to date and has been translated into over 30 languages. Some critics consider it to be one of the best novels published in Spain after the Spanish Civil War.", "Q431540": "Marie Majerov\u00e1 (1 February 1882 \u2013 16 January 1967) was a Czech writer.", "Q702867": "Qntal is a German \"electro-medieval\" band founded in 1991 by Michael Popp and Ernst Horn. They later added vocalist Syrah (Sigrid Hausen) to complete the band. It has roots in Estampie, a band of similar genre but different style; Michael Popp and Syrah are the principal members. Horn left the group in 1999, to concentrate on his other band, Deine Lakaien. He later formed Helium Vola in 2001. Philipp Groth (a.k.a. Fil) then joined Qntal. In 2008, singer and violist Sarah M. Newman (Mariko) left the New York-based band Unto Ashes to work with Qntal and Estampie in Germany.The band's lyrics are primarily drawn from historical sources. Throughout their first three albums, lyrics were primarily in Latin, medieval German, Galician-Portuguese and a few other European tongues. On Qntal IV, the band added a few songs in English to their body of work. Two tracks from this album, Cupido and Flamma, reached the 2005 DAC, peaking at \u2116 1 and \u2116 8 respectively.\"Qntal\" is an unknown word that appeared in one of Syrah's dreams. Its pronunciation varies among sources. However, Syrah herself, during live performances, pronounces it [kn\u0329tal].\nQntal has headlined at significant goth and industrial music festivals such as Wave-Gotik-Treffen and M'era Luna. Qntal's debut U.S. concert took place in September 2004 at Dracula's Ball in Philadelphia. In 2007, 2008, and 2011 the band was featured in the Bad Faerie Ball at the Baltimore FaerieCon.", "Q1030": "Namibia ( (listen), ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean; it shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates the two countries. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek. Namibia is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations. \nThe driest country in Sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia has been inhabited since early times by the San, Damara and Nama people. Around the 14th century, immigrating Bantu peoples arrived as part of the Bantu expansion. Since then, the Bantu groups, the largest being the Ovambo, have dominated the population of the country; since the late 19th century, they have constituted a majority.\nIn 1878, the Cape of Good Hope, then a British colony, annexed the port of Walvis Bay and the offshore Penguin Islands; these became an integral part of the new Union of South Africa at its creation in 1910. In 1884 the German Empire established rule over most of the territory, forming a colony known as German South West Africa. It developed farming and infrastructure. Between 1904 and 1908 it perpetrated a genocide against the Herero and Nama people. German rule ended in 1915 with a defeat by South African forces. In 1920, after the end of World War I, the League of Nations mandated administration of the colony to South Africa. As Mandatory power, South Africa imposed its laws, including racial classifications and rules. From 1948, with the National Party elected to power, this included South Africa applying apartheid to what was then known as South West Africa.\nIn the later 20th century, uprisings and demands for political representation by native African political activists seeking independence resulted in the UN assuming direct responsibility over the territory in 1966, but South Africa maintained de factocode: lat promoted to code: la rule. In 1973 the UN recognised the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people; the party is dominated by the Ovambo, who are a large plurality in the territory. Following continued guerrilla warfare, South Africa installed an interim administration in Namibia in 1985. Namibia obtained full independence from South Africa in 1990. However, Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands remained under South African control until 1994.\nNamibia has a population of 2.6 million people and a stable multi-party parliamentary democracy. Agriculture, herding, tourism and the mining industry \u2013 including mining for gem diamonds, uranium, gold, silver, and base metals \u2013 form the basis of its economy. The large, arid Namib Desert has resulted in Namibia being overall one of the least densely populated countries in the world.", "Q1134347": "Haim Fabrizio Cipriani (born 1971 in Genoa) is a rabbi and a professional musician.", "Q55234": "Michael Latham Powell (30 September 1905 \u2013 19 February 1990) was an English film director, celebrated for his partnership with Emeric Pressburger. Through their production company \"The Archers\", they together wrote, produced and directed a series of classic British films, notably 49th Parallel (1941), The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943), A Matter of Life and Death (1946, also called Stairway to Heaven), Black Narcissus (1947), The Red Shoes (1948), and The Tales of Hoffmann (1951). His later controversial 1960 film Peeping Tom, while today considered a classic, and a contender as the first \"slasher\", was so vilified on first release that his career was seriously damaged.Many film-makers such as Martin Scorsese, Francis Ford Coppola and George A. Romero have cited Powell as an influence. In 1981, he received the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award along with his partner Pressburger, the highest honour the British Film Academy can give a filmmaker.", "Q370960": "Baptiste Jules Henri Jacques Giffard (8 February 1825 \u2013 14 April 1882) was a French engineer. In 1852 he invented the steam injector and the powered Giffard dirigible airship.", "Q151902": "Pope Benedict I (Latin: Benedictus I; died 30 July 579) was the bishop of Rome from 2 June 575 to his death.Benedict was the son of a man named Boniface, and was called Bonosus by the Greeks. The ravages of the Lombards rendered it very difficult to communicate with the emperor at Constantinople, who claimed the privilege of confirming the election of popes. Hence there was a vacancy of nearly eleven months between the death of Pope John III and the arrival of the imperial confirmation of Benedict's election on 2 June 575.Benedict granted an estate, the Massa Veneris, in the territory of Minturnae, to Abbot Stephen of St. Mark's \"near the walls of Spoleto\" (St. Gregory I, Ep. ix, 87, I. al. 30). Famine followed the devastating Lombards, and from the few words the Liber Pontificalis has about Benedict, we gather that he died in the midst of his efforts to cope with these difficulties. He was buried in the vestibule of the sacristy of the old Basilica of St. Peter. In a ceremony held in December, he ordained fifteen priests and three deacons and consecrated twenty-one bishops.Few of the records of transactions outside Rome that could help understand Benedict's pontificate survive, and because of the disruptions caused by the Lombards in Italy, perhaps few ever existed.", "Q62498": "Engelbert Zaschka (September 1, 1895 in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany \u2013 June 26, 1955 in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany) was a German chief engineer, chief designer and inventor. Zaschka is one of the first German helicopter pioneers and he is a pioneer of flying with muscle power and the folding car. Zaschka devoted himself primarily to aviation and automotive topics, but his work was not limited to them.\nEngelbert Zaschka is a prominent representative of the rotary aircraft, a class of rotorcraft systems - according to Zaschka. In 1928/1929 Zaschka developed and constructed the first collapsible and foldable small car (folding car) and in 1934 an early muscle-powered airplane.", "Q555993": "Hans Peter J\u00f8rgen Julius Thomsen (16 February 1826 \u2013 13 February 1909) was a Danish chemist noted in thermochemistry for the Thomsen\u2013Berthelot principle.", "Q178348": "Christopher Robert Evans (born June 13, 1981) is an American actor. He first gained attention in 2005 as the Marvel Comics character Human Torch in Fantastic Four (2005) and its 2007 sequel and later gained further worldwide attention for his portrayal of Steve Rogers / Captain America in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in eleven films including four cameos. His work in the latter film series established him as one of the highest-paid actors in the world.Evans began his career on the 2000 television series Opposite Sex. Besides his superhero films, he has appeared in such films as Not Another Teen Movie (2001), Sunshine (2007), Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010), Snowpiercer (2013), Gifted (2017), and Knives Out (2019). In 2014, he made his directorial debut with the drama film Before We Go, in which he also starred. In 2018, Evans made his Broadway debut in a production of Lobby Hero.", "Q494665": "Pieter Jelles Troelstra (Leeuwarden, 20 April 1860 \u2013 The Hague, 12 May 1930) was a Dutch lawyer, journalist and politician active in the socialist workers' movement. He is most remembered for his fight for universal suffrage and his failed call for revolution at the end of World War I. From 1888 to 1904, Troelstra was married to Sjoukje Bokma de Boer, a well-known children's book writer, under the pen name of Nienke van Hichtum.", "Q8772": "Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (; French: [fu\u0281je]; 21 March 1768 \u2013 16 May 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist born in Auxerre and best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series, which eventually developed into Fourier analysis and harmonic analysis, and their applications to problems of heat transfer and vibrations. The Fourier transform and Fourier's law of conduction are also named in his honour. Fourier is also generally credited with the discovery of the greenhouse effect.\n\n", "Q2006869": "X-Men is an American superhero film series based on the fictional superhero team of the same name, who originally appeared in a series of comic books created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby and published by Marvel Comics. 20th Century Fox obtained the film rights to the characters in 1994, and after numerous drafts, Bryan Singer was hired to direct the first film, released in 2000, and its sequel, X2 (2003), while Brett Ratner directed X-Men: The Last Stand (2006).\nAfter each film outgrossed its predecessor, several spin-off films were released, including three Wolverine films (2009\u20132017), four X-Men: Beginnings films (2011\u20132019), and two Deadpool films (2016\u20132018), with a film based on The New Mutants comics set to conclude the series.\nWith twelve films released, the X-Men film series is the eighth highest-grossing film series, having grossed over $6 billion worldwide.", "Q97161": "Marion Kracht (born December 5, 1962 in Munich, Germany) is a German actress. Currently she resides in Berlin.", "Q1190397": "Matthew Charles Berry (born 2 May 1974) is an English actor, comedian, writer, and musician. He has appeared in comedy series such as The IT Crowd, Garth Marenghi's Darkplace, The Mighty Boosh, Snuff Box, The Wrong Door, and House of Fools. More recently he played the lead role of Steven Toast in the Channel 4 sitcom Toast of London, for which he won the 2015 BAFTA Award for Best Male Performance in a Comedy Programme. Starting in 2019, he has starred in the FX television series What We Do In the Shadows and the sitcom Year of the Rabbit.", "Q4702270": "Al Bandari bint Abdulaziz (1928\u20132008) was a daughter of King Abdulaziz and a member of House of Saud.", "Q212129": "A Streetcar Named Desire is a 1951 American drama film, adapted from Tennessee Williams's Pulitzer Prize-winning 1947 play of the same name. It tells the story of a southern belle, Blanche DuBois, who, after encountering a series of personal losses, leaves her aristocratic background seeking refuge with her sister and brother-in-law in a dilapidated New Orleans apartment building. The Broadway production and cast was converted to film with several changes.\nTennessee Williams collaborated with Oscar Saul and Elia Kazan on the screenplay. Kazan, who directed the Broadway stage production, also directed the black and white film. Marlon Brando, Kim Hunter, and Karl Malden were all cast in their original Broadway roles. Although Jessica Tandy originated the role of Blanche DuBois on Broadway, Vivien Leigh, who had appeared in the London theatre production, was cast in the film adaptation for her star power.Upon release of the film, Marlon Brando, virtually unknown at the time of the play's casting, rose to prominence as a major Hollywood film star, and received the first of four consecutive Academy Award nominations for Best Actor. The film earned an estimated $4,250,000 at the US and Canadian box office in 1951, making it the fifth biggest hit of the year. In 1999, A Streetcar Named Desire was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q172103": "Christopher William \"Chris\" Bristow (2 December 1937 \u2013 19 June 1960) was a British Formula One driver. Bristow was the son of a garage owner from London, and was unmarried. Bristow was called the \"wild man of British club racing\", as he had spun or had collisions on almost every race track on which he had raced. He started four Formula One World Championship races and scored no championship points.\nHe was killed during the 1960 Belgian Grand Prix at the very fast Spa-Francorchamps circuit, in warm, dry, sunny conditions. Bristow wrecked his Yeoman Credit Racing Cooper T51 at the Burnenville corner on lap twenty while fighting to stay in front of the Ferrari of Willy Mairesse.\nBristow and Alan Stacey died in close proximity and within a few minutes of one another. They both crashed at Burnenville, the same extended fast right hand bend at which Stirling Moss had been severely injured the previous day. Cars regularly sped through the Burnenville corner at 120 miles per hour. There was a four-foot embankment there and barbed wire in the meadow about ten feet back from the road. Bristow's Cooper hit the bank and rolled over; he was hurled into the barbed wire, which decapitated him.\nWith regard to Bristow's unruly driving style, a friend of his said after the accident, \"We all knew this was going to happen. It does no good to say now, but Chris simply did not have the experience to drive that way in Grand Prix racing.\"The winner of the annual Autosport BRDC Award for promising young British drivers is also presented with the Chris Bristow Trophy.", "Q933735": "Ronald Joseph Walker (15 September 1939 \u2013 30 January 2018) was an Australian businessman best known for his work in managing sporting events. He was also involved with property development and media companies, as well as serving as Lord Mayor of Melbourne from 1974 to 1976.", "Q838112": "Wheeling is a city in Ohio and Marshall counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Located almost entirely in Ohio County, of which it is the county seat, it lies along the Ohio River in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. Wheeling was originally a settlement in the British colony of Virginia and later an important city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Wheeling was the first state capital of West Virginia. Due to its location along major transportation routes, including the Ohio River, National Road, and the B&O Railroad, Wheeling became a manufacturing center in the late nineteenth century. After experiencing the closing of factories and substantial population loss following World War II, Wheeling's major industries now include healthcare, education, law and legal services, entertainment and tourism, and energy.\nWheeling is the principal city of the Wheeling, WV-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 147,950, and the city itself had a population of 28,486.", "Q240109": "Anna Walentynowicz (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8anna val\u025bnt\u0268\u02c8n\u0254v\u02b2it\u0361\u0282]; 15 August 1929 \u2013 10 April 2010) was a Polish free trade union activist and co-founder of Solidarity, the first non-communist trade union in the Eastern Bloc. Her firing from her job at the Lenin Shipyard in Gda\u0144sk in August 1980 was the event that ignited the strike at the shipyard, set off a wave of strikes across Poland, and quickly paralyzed the Baltic coast. The Interfactory Strike Committee (MKS) based in the Gda\u0144sk shipyard eventually transformed itself into Solidarity; by September, more than one million workers were on strike in support of the 21 demands of MKS, making it the largest strike ever.\nWalentynowicz's arrest became an organizing slogan (Bring Anna Walentynowicz Back to Work!) in the early days of the Gda\u0144sk strike. She is referred to by some as the \"mother of independent Poland.\" She was among the dignitaries killed in the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash near Smolensk in Russia, which also claimed the lives of the President of Poland and his wife, and the senior commanders of the Polish Armed Forces. \nIn 2006, she was awarded Poland's highest honour, the Order of the White Eagle. In 2020, Time magazine included her on the list of 100 Women of the Year who influenced the world over the last 100 years.\n\n", "Q114286": "Barbara Prammer (n\u00e9e Thaller; 11 January 1954 \u2013 2 August 2014) was an Austrian politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SP\u00d6). In 2006 she was the first woman to become President of the National Council of Austria, an office she held until her death.\n\n", "Q386990": "Kipelov (Russian: \u041a\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432) is a Russian heavy metal band formed and led by former Aria vocalist Valery Kipelov.", "Q4218975": "Keyne (; also referred to as Keane, Kayane Keyna, Cenau, Cenedion, Ceinwen) was a 5th-century holy woman and hermitess who said to have traveled widely through what is now South Wales and Cornwall.", "Q180395": "15 Minutes is a 2001 German-American crime action thriller film directed by John Herzfeld and starring Robert De Niro and Edward Burns. Its story revolves around a homicide detective (De Niro) and a fire marshal (Burns) who join forces to apprehend a pair of Eastern European murderers (Karel Roden and Oleg Taktarov) videotaping their crimes in order to become rich and famous. The title is a reference to the Andy Warhol quotation, \"In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes.\"", "Q231928": "Arielle Caroline Kebbel (born February 19, 1985) is an American actress and model. She has appeared in various television series including Gilmore Girls (2003-2004), The Vampire Diaries (2009-2017), Life Unexpected (2010), 90210 (2011-2013), Ballers (2015-2016, 2019), Midnight Texas (2017-2018) and Lincoln Rhyme: Hunt for the Bone Collector (2019-2020). Kebbel has also starred in films such as American Pie Presents: Band Camp (2005), John Tucker Must Die (2006), The Grudge 2 (2006), Forever Strong (2008), The Uninvited (2009) and Think Like A Man (2012).", "Q313545": "Brian Manion Dennehy (July 9, 1938 \u2013 April 15, 2020) was an American actor of film, stage, and television. Dennehy won two Tony Awards, an Olivier Award, and a Golden Globe, and received six Primetime Emmy Award nominations. He had roles in over 180 films, many television and stage productions, including Gorky Park (1983), Silverado (1985), Cocoon (1985), F/X (1986), Presumed Innocent (1990), Romeo + Juliet (1996), and Knight of Cups (2015). Dennehy won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Miniseries or Television Film for his role as Willy Loman in the television film Death of a Salesman (2000).\nAccording to Variety, Dennehy was \"perhaps the foremost living interpreter\" of playwright Eugene O'Neill\u2019s works on stage and screen. He had a decades long relationship with Chicago's Goodman Theatre where much of his O'Neill work originated. He also regularly played Canada's Stratford Festival, especially in works by William Shakespeare and Samuel Beckett. He once gave credit for his award-winning performances to the play's authors: \"When you walk with giants, you learn how to take bigger steps.\" Dennehy was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 2010.", "Q5061855": "Central State University (CSU) is a public, historically black university (HBCU) located in Wilberforce, Ohio, United States. It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.\nEstablished by the state legislature in 1887 as a two-year program for teacher and industrial training, it was originally located with Wilberforce University, a four-year institution devoted to classical academic education. In 1941 the college gained a four-year curriculum, independent status in 1947, and was renamed as Central State College in 1951. With further development, it gained university status in 1965. In 2014, Central State University received designation as a land-grant university.", "Q92019": "Heinrich Julian Schmidt (March 7, 1818 \u2013 March 27, 1886) was a German journalist and historian of literature.", "Q51734": "Duelist (Korean: \ud615\uc0ac; RR: Hyeongsa; lit. \"Detective\") is a 2005 South Korean martial arts film directed by Lee Myung-se.", "Q46248": "Sir Terence David John Pratchett (28 April 1948 \u2013 12 March 2015) was an English humorist, satirist, and author of fantasy novels, especially comical works. He is best known for his Discworld series of 41 novels.\nPratchett's first novel, The Carpet People, was published in 1971. The first Discworld novel, The Colour of Magic, was published in 1983, after which Pratchett wrote an average of two books a year. His 2011 Discworld novel Snuff became the third-fastest-selling hardback adult-readership novel since records began in the UK, selling 55,000 copies in the first three days. The final Discworld novel, The Shepherd's Crown, was published in August 2015, five months after his death.\nPratchett, with more than 85 million books sold worldwide in 37 languages, was the UK's best-selling author of the 1990s. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1998 and was knighted for services to literature in the 2009 New Year Honours. In 2001 he won the annual Carnegie Medal for The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents, the first Discworld book marketed for children. He received the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement in 2010.In December 2007, Pratchett announced that he had been diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. He later made a substantial public donation to the Alzheimer's Research Trust (now Alzheimer's Research UK), filmed a television programme chronicling his experiences with the condition for the BBC, and became a patron for Alzheimer's Research UK. Pratchett died on 12 March 2015, aged 66.", "Q122052": "Kurt Stern (1907 in Berlin \u2013 1989) was a screenwriter who worked for the DEFA film studio in East Germany. He worked in partnership with his wife Jeanne (n\u00e9e Machin). In 1953, together with director Martin Hellberg, the Sterns were awarded the Gold Medal of the World Peace Council for the film Das verurteilte Dorf (\"The condemned village\").", "Q28591": "David Howell Petraeus , (; born November 7, 1952) is a retired United States Army general and public official. He served as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency from September 6, 2011, until his resignation on November 9, 2012. Prior to his assuming the directorship of the CIA, Petraeus served 37 years in the United States Army. His last assignments in the Army were as commander of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and\nCommander, U.S. Forces \u2013 Afghanistan (USFOR-A) from July 4, 2010, to July 18, 2011. His other four-star assignments include serving as the 10th Commander, U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM) from October 13, 2008, to June 30, 2010, and as Commanding General, Multi-National Force \u2013 Iraq (MNF-I) from February 10, 2007, to September 16, 2008. As commander of MNF-I, Petraeus oversaw all coalition forces in Iraq.Petraeus has a B.S. degree from the United States Military Academy, from which he graduated in 1974 as a distinguished cadet (top 5% of his class). In his class were three other future four-star generals, Martin Dempsey, Walter L. Sharp and Keith B. Alexander. He was the General George C. Marshall Award winner as the top graduate of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College class of 1983. He subsequently earned an M.P.A. in 1985 and a Ph.D. degree in international relations in 1987 from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. He later served as Assistant Professor of International Relations at the United States Military Academy and also completed a fellowship at Georgetown University.Petraeus has repeatedly stated that he has no plans to run for elected political office. On June 23, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated Petraeus to succeed General Stanley McChrystal as commanding general of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan, technically a step down from his position as Commander of United States Central Command, which oversees the military efforts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Central Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, and Egypt.On June 30, 2011, Petraeus was unanimously confirmed as the Director of the CIA by the U.S. Senate 94\u20130. Petraeus relinquished command of U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan on July 18, 2011, and retired from the U.S. Army on August 31, 2011. On November 9, 2012, he resigned from his position as Director of the CIA, citing his extramarital affair with his biographer Paula Broadwell, which was reportedly discovered in the course of an FBI investigation. In January 2015, officials reported the FBI and Justice Department prosecutors had recommended bringing felony charges against Petraeus for allegedly providing classified information to Broadwell while serving as Director of the CIA. Eventually, Petraeus pleaded guilty to one misdemeanor charge of mishandling classified information.", "Q174214": "Cherie Blair (n\u00e9e Booth; born 23 September 1954), also known professionally as Cherie Booth, is a British barrister, lecturer, and writer. She is married to Tony Blair, who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007.", "Q721700": "Augustin Barruel (October 2, 1741 \u2013 October 5, 1820) was a French publicist and Jesuit priest. He is now mostly known for setting forth the conspiracy theory involving the Bavarian Illuminati and the Jacobins in his book Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism (original title M\u00e9moires pour servir \u00e0 l'Histoire du Jacobinisme) published in 1797. In short, Barruel wrote that the French Revolution was planned and executed by the secret societies.", "Q77095": "Herbert Richard Wehner (11 July 1906 \u2013 19 January 1990) was a German politician. A former member of the Communist Party, he joined the Social Democrats (SPD) after World War II. He served as Federal Minister of Intra-German Relations from 1966 to 1969 and thereafter as chairman of the SPD parliamentary group in the Bundestag until 1983.\nDuring his tenure in the Bundestag from 1949 to 1983, Wehner became (in-)famous for his caustic rhetoric and heckling style, often hurling personal insults at MPs with whom he disagreed. He holds the record for official censures (77 by one count, 78 or 79 by others) handed down by the presiding officer.", "Q6499849": "Laurel Hill Cemetery is a historic cemetery in Philadelphia. Founded in 1836, it was the second major garden or rural cemetery in the United States. In 1998, it was designated a National Historic Landmark; few cemeteries have received this distinction.Located in Philadelphia's East Falls section, the 74-acre (300,000 m2) cemetery overlooks the Schuylkill River. Laurel Hill contains more than 33,000 monuments and more than 11,000 family lots. Its thousands of 19th- and 20th-century marble and granite funerary monuments include obelisks and elaborately sculpted hillside tombs and mausoleums.", "Q83672": "Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram (5 January 1592 \u2013 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan (Persian: \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646; \"King of the World\"), was the fifth Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1628 to 1658.\nHis reign represented the height of the Mughal architecture, most notably the Taj Mahal. His relationship with his wife Mumtaz Mahal has been heavily adapted into Indian art, literature, and cinema.\nShah Jahan was widely considered the most competent of Emperor Jahangir's four sons and after Jahangir's death in late 1627, when a war of succession ensued, Shah Jahan emerged victorious. He put to death all of his rivals for the throne and crowned himself emperor in January 1628 in Agra under the regnal title \"Shah Jahan\" (which was originally given to him as a princely title). Although an able military commander, Shah Jahan is perhaps best remembered for his architectural achievements. The period of his reign is widely considered the golden age of Mughal architecture. Shah Jahan commissioned many monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal in Agra, which entombs his wife Mumtaz Mahal.\nIn September 1657, Shah Jahan fell seriously ill. This set off a war of succession among his four sons in which his third son, Aurangzeb, emerged victorious. Shah Jahan recovered from his illness, but Aurangzeb put his father under house arrest in Agra Fort from July 1658 until his death in January 1666. On 31 July 1658, Aurangzeb crowned himself emperor under the title \"Alamgir\".The Mughal Empire reached the pinnacle of its glory during Shah Jahan's reign and he is widely considered to be one of the greatest Mughal emperors.", "Q67286": "Braggio was a municipality in the district of Moesa in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Arvigo, Braggio, Cauco and Selma merged to form the new municipality of Calanca.", "Q211346": "A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry, the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. Psychiatrists are medical doctors, unlike psychologists, and must evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental ailments, or strictly psychiatric. A psychiatrist usually works as the clinical leader of the multi-disciplinary team, which may comprise psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists and nursing staff. Psychiatrists have broad training in a bio-psycho-social approach to assessment and management of mental illness.\nAs part of the clinical assessment process, psychiatrists may employ a mental status examination; a physical examination; brain imaging such as a computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or positron emission tomography (PET) scan; and blood testing. Psychiatrists prescribe medicine, and may also use psychotherapy, although they could also primarily concentrate on medical management and refer to a psychologist or other specialized therapist for weekly to bi-monthly psychotherapy.", "Q1351201": "For the sheriff of Midland County, Texas, see Gary Painter.Gary Panter (born December 1, 1950) is a cartoonist, illustrator, painter, designer and part-time musician. Panter's work is representative of the post-underground, new wave comics movement that began with the end of Arcade: The Comics Revue and the initiation of RAW, one of the second generation in American underground comix.\nPanter has published his work in various magazines and newspapers, including Raw, Time and Rolling Stone magazine. He has exhibited widely, and won three Emmy awards for his set designs for Pee-Wee's Playhouse. His most notable works include Jimbo, Adventures in Paradise, Jimbo's Inferno and Facetasm, which was created together with Charles Burns.", "Q3141": "Melbourne ( (listen) MEL-b\u0259rn) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 (3,858 sq mi), comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities, and is also the common name for its city centre. The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. It has a population of 5 million (19% of the population of Australia), and its inhabitants are referred to as \"Melburnians\".The city was founded on 30 August 1835, in the then-British colony of New South Wales, by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemen\u2019s Land (modern-day Tasmania). It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837, and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the then British Prime Minister, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. In 1851, four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city, Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria. In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush, the city entered a lengthy boom period that, by the late 1880s, had transformed it into one of the world's largest and wealthiest metropolises. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927. Today, it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index.Melbourne is home to many of Australia's best-known landmarks, such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building. It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism, Australian rules football, and the Australian film and television industries. More recently, it has been recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a global centre for street art, live music and theatre. It hosts major annual international events such as the Australian Grand Prix, the Australian Open and the Melbourne Cup, and also hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Due to it rating highly in entertainment, tourism and sport, as well as education, health care, research and development, Melbourne consistently ranked as the world's most liveable city for much of the 2010s.The main airport serving the city is Melbourne Airport (also referred to as Tullamarine Airport), which is the second busiest in Australia, and Australia's busiest seaport the Port of Melbourne. Its main metropolitan rail terminus is Flinders Street station and its main regional rail and road coach terminus is Southern Cross station. It also has the most extensive freeway network in Australia and the largest urban tram network in the world.", "Q165319": "Leonidas Kyrkos (Greek: \u039b\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2; 12 October 1924 \u2013 28 August 2011) was a Greek leftist politician and member of the Hellenic Parliament and the European Parliament.\n\n", "Q231096": "L\u00e9a H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Seydoux-Fornier de Clausonne, known professionally as L\u00e9a Seydoux (French: [le.a s\u025b.du] (listen); born 1 July 1985), is a French actress. She began her acting career in French cinema, appearing in films such as The Last Mistress (2007) and On War (2008). She first came to attention after she received her first C\u00e9sar Award nomination, for her performance in The Beautiful Person (2008), and won the Troph\u00e9e Chopard, an award given to promising actors at the Cannes Film Festival.\nSince then, she has appeared in major Hollywood films including Inglourious Basterds (2009), Robin Hood (2010), Midnight in Paris (2011) and Mission: Impossible \u2013 Ghost Protocol (2011). In French cinema, she was nominated for the C\u00e9sar Award for Most Promising Actress for a second time for her role in Belle \u00c9pine (2010) and was nominated for the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress for her role as a lady-in-waiting to Marie Antoinette in the film Farewell, My Queen (2012).\nIn 2013, Seydoux came to widespread attention when she was awarded the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival for her role as a lesbian art student in the critically acclaimed film Blue Is the Warmest Colour. That same year, she also received the Lumi\u00e8res Award for Best Actress for the film Grand Central and, in 2014, she was nominated for the BAFTA Rising Star Award and starred in the films Beauty and the Beast, The Grand Budapest Hotel and Saint Laurent. She gained international attention for her appearance as Bond girl Madeleine Swann in Spectre (2015), and will reprise the role in No Time to Die (2020). She also provides the voice and likeness of the character Fragile in the video game Death Stranding (2019).", "Q1207735": "Tokyo City (\u6771\u4eac\u5e02, T\u014dky\u014d-shi) was a municipality in Japan and part of Tokyo-fu which existed from 1 May 1889 until its merger with its prefecture on 1 July 1943. The historical boundaries of Tokyo City are now occupied by the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo. The new merged government became what is now Tokyo, also known as the Tokyo Metropolis, or, ambiguously, Tokyo Prefecture.", "Q347672": "August Ivan Nepomuk Eduard \u0160enoa (pronounced [\u01ceu\u0261ust \u0283\u011b\u02d0noa]; originally Sch\u00f6noa; 14 November 1838 \u2013 13 December 1881) was a novelist. Born to an ethnic German and Slovak family, \u0160enoa became a key figure in the develoment of an independent literary tradition in the Croatian language and shaping the emergence of the urban Croatian identity of Zagreb and its surroundings at a time when Austrian control was weaning. He was a literary transitional figure, who helped bring Croatian literature from Romanticism to Realism and introduced the historical novel to Croatia. He wrote more than ten novels, among which the most notable are:\n\nZlatarovo zlato (Goldsmith's gold; 1871)\n\u010cuvaj se senjske ruke (Pirates of Senj; 1876)\nSelja\u010dka buna (Peasants' revolt; 1877)\nDiogenes (1878)\u0160enoa was one of the most popular Croatian novelists and the author of the popular patriotic song \"\u017divila Hrvatska\".\n\n", "Q87414": "Gebhardt Georg Arendt (5 May 1925 \u2013 28 May 2013) was a German actor, cabaret artist and comedian. He appeared in 104 films between 1956 and 2002. He was born in Danzig, Free City of Danzig (present-day Gda\u0144sk, Poland) and died in Munich, Germany, aged 88 from Alzheimer's disease.", "Q4647738": "Allen Edison Stairs (December 22, 1924 \u2013 October 10, 2010) was a Canadian businessman and politician. Known by Edison, after graduating high school he attended the University of New Brunswick but interrupted his education during World War II to join the Royal Canadian Air Force. He served until after V-E Day in 1945 and following his discharge from the military settled in Woodstock, New Brunswick where he established an insurance business.\nFrom a family active in community affairs, his great-uncle Ernest W. Stairs had been a member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1935 to 1939. Edison Stairs was elected as the Progressive Conservative Party member for Carleton in 1960, 1963, and 1967, sitting as a member of the Official Opposition. Reelected in 1970, his party formed the government led by Premier Richard Hatfield, and Stairs was immediately named to the Cabinet. He held several positions until 1976 when, as Minister of Finance and Chairman of NB Power, he resigned from Cabinet to be with his terminally ill wife. Stairs remained a member of the Legislature until 1978 but retired from politics upon the passing of his wife.His cousin, Gerald Merrithew, was elected both provincially (1972\u20131984) and federally (1984\u20131993).", "Q215120": "Cole Albert Porter (June 9, 1891 \u2013 October 15, 1964) was an American composer and songwriter. Many of his songs became standards noted for their witty, urbane lyrics, and many of his scores found success on Broadway and in film.\nBorn to a wealthy family in Indiana, Porter defied his grandfather's wishes and took up music as a profession. Classically trained, he was drawn to musical theatre. After a slow start, he began to achieve success in the 1920s, and by the 1930s he was one of the major songwriters for the Broadway musical stage. Unlike many successful Broadway composers, Porter wrote the lyrics as well as the music for his songs. After a serious horseback riding accident in 1937, Porter was left disabled and in constant pain, but he continued to work. His shows of the early 1940s did not contain the lasting hits of his best work of the 1920s and '30s, but in 1948 he made a triumphant comeback with his most successful musical, Kiss Me, Kate. It won the first Tony Award for Best Musical.\nPorter's other musicals include Fifty Million Frenchmen, DuBarry Was a Lady, Anything Goes, Can-Can and Silk Stockings. His numerous hit songs include \"Night and Day\", \"Begin the Beguine\", \"I Get a Kick Out of You\", \"Well, Did You Evah!\", \"I've Got You Under My Skin\", \"My Heart Belongs to Daddy\" and \"You're the Top\". He also composed scores for films from the 1930s to the 1950s, including Born to Dance (1936), which featured the song \"You'd Be So Easy to Love\"; Rosalie (1937), which featured \"In the Still of the Night\"; High Society (1956), which included \"True Love\"; and Les Girls (1957).", "Q233859": "Lin Li-hui (Chinese: \u6797\u7acb\u6167; pinyin: L\u00edn L\u00echu\u00ec, born 16 April 1976), better known by her stage name Shu Qi (Chinese: \u8212\u6dc7; pinyin: Sh\u016b Q\u00ed), is a Taiwanese-Hong Kong actress and model. As of 2014, she was among the highest paid actresses in Taiwan.Shu ranked 18th on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2013, 23rd in 2014, 32nd in 2015, 48th in 2017, and 90th in 2019.", "Q3181385": "Sir John Richard Gray Drummond (25 November 1934 \u2013 6 September 2006) was a British arts administrator who spent most of his career at the BBC. He was described as \"one of the most formidable figures in the arts world of the UK for 40 years\".", "Q881193": "Blairo Borges Maggi (born 29 May 1956) is a Brazilian billionaire businessman, and former governor of the state of Mato Grosso. \nMaggi owns the Amaggi Group, a large company that harvests, processes, and exports soybeans, and owns soy terminals, highways, and waterways.\n\n", "Q7327": "Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin\u200a (9 March 1934 \u2013 27 March 1968) was a Soviet Air Forces pilot and cosmonaut who became the first human to journey into outer space, achieving a major milestone in the Space Race; his capsule, Vostok 1, completed one orbit of Earth on 12 April 1961. Gagarin became an international celebrity and was awarded many medals and titles, including Hero of the Soviet Union, his nation's highest honour.\nBorn in the village of Klushino near Gzhatsk (a town later renamed after him), in his youth Gagarin was a foundryman at a steel plant in Lyubertsy. He later joined the Soviet Air Forces as a pilot and was stationed at the Luostari Air Base, near the Norwegian border, before his selection for the Soviet space programme with five other cosmonauts. Following his spaceflight, Gagarin became deputy training director of the Cosmonaut Training Centre, which was later named after him. He was also elected as a deputy of the Soviet of the Union in 1962 and then to the Soviet of Nationalities, respectively the lower and upper chambers of the Supreme Soviet.\nVostok 1 was Gagarin's only spaceflight but he served as the backup crew to the Soyuz 1 mission, which ended in a fatal crash, killing his friend and fellow cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov. Fearing for his life, Soviet officials permanently banned Gagarin from further spaceflights. After completing training at the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy on 17 February 1968, he was allowed to fly regular aircraft. Gagarin died five weeks later when the MiG-15 training jet he was piloting with his flight instructor Vladimir Seryogin crashed near the town of Kirzhach.", "Q288771": "Henricus Antonius Franciscus Maria Oliva \"Hans\" van Mierlo (Dutch pronunciation: ['hans fan 'mirlo]; 18 August 1931 \u2013 11 March 2010) was a Dutch politician and co-founder of the Democrats 66 (D66) party and journalist. He was granted the honorary title of Minister of State on 24 October 1998.\nVan Mierlo applied at the Radboud University Nijmegen in June 1954 majoring in Law and obtaining an Bachelor of Laws degree in June 1956 before graduating with an Master of Laws degree in July 1960. Van Mierlo worked as an editor for the Algemeen Handelsblad from August 1960 until January 1967. On 14 October 1966 Van Mierlo together with Hans Gruijters co-founded the Democrats 66 (D'66) party after continuing frustrations with The Establishment parties and their dealings with the Counterculture of the 1960s. Van Mierlo was elected as the first Leader of the Democrats 66 and Chairman of the Democrats 66 and became the Lijsttrekker (top candidate) of the Democrats 66 for the election of 1967. After the election the Democrats 66 entered the House of Representatives with 7 seats. Van Mierlo was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives and became the Parliamentary leader of the Democrats 66 in the House of Representatives, taking office on 23 February 1967. For the election of 1971 Van Mierlo served again as Lijsttrekker. The Democrats 66 made a small win, gaining 4 seats and now had 11 seats in the House of Representatives. For the election of 1972 Van Mierlo served for a third time as Lijsttrekker. The Democrats 66 suffered a big loss, losing 5 seats and now had 6 seats in the House of Representatives. The following cabinet formation of 1972 resulted in a coalition agreement between the Democrats 66, the Labour Party (PvdA), the Catholic People's Party (KVP), the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Political Party of Radicals (PPR) which formed the Cabinet Den Uyl with Van Mierlo opting to remain in the House of Representatives instead of accepting a cabinet post in the new cabinet and continued to serve in the House of Representatives. On 1 September 1973 Van Mierlo announced he was stepping down as Leader and Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives in favor of Jan Terlouw taking responsibility for the defeat in the election but continued to serve as a frontbencher. In February 1977 Van Mierlo announced that he wouldn't stand for the election of 1977 and continued to serve until the end of the parliamentary term on 8 June 1977.\nVan Mierlo semi-retired from active politics and became active in the public sector and worked as a nonprofit director for a development aid foundation from October 1977 until September 1981 and as a television producer for the VARA from January 1980 until September 1981. After the election of 1981 Van Mierlo was appointed as Minister of Defence in the Cabinet Van Agt II, taking office on 11 September 1981. The Cabinet Van Agt II fell just seven months into its term on 12 May 1982 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Van Agt III with Van Mierlo continuing as Minister of Defence, taking office on 29 May 1982. In June 1982 Van Mierlo announced that he wouldn't stand for the election of 1982. The Cabinet Van Agt III was replaced by the Cabinet Lubbers I following the cabinet formation of 1982 on 4 November 1982. Van Mierlo remained in active politics, he was elected as a Member of the Senate after the Senate election of 1983, taking office on 13 September 1983.\nIn November 1985 Van Mierlo announced that he would re-seek the Democrats 66 leadership. Van Mierlo was unopposed in his candidacy and was elected as Leader a second time and became the Lijsttrekker for the election of 1986 on 25 January 1986. The Democrats 66 made a small win, gaining 3 seats and now had 9 seats in the House of Representatives. Van Mierlo subsequently returned as a Member of the House of Representatives and as Parliamentary leader, taking office on 3 June 1986. For the election of 1972 Van Mierlo served for a fifth time as Lijsttrekker. The Democrats 66 made a small win, gaining again 3 seats and now had 12 seats in the House of Representatives. For the election of 1994 Van Mierlo served for the sixth and last time as Lijsttrekker. The Democrats 66 made a large win, gaining 12 seats and now had 24 seats in the House of Representatives. The Following cabinet formation of 1994 resulted in a coalition agreement between the Democrats 66, the Labour Party and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) which formed the Cabinet Kok I with Van Mierlo appointed as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, taking office on 22 August 1994. In March 1997 Van Mierlo announced that he was stepping down as Leader and that he wouldn't run as Lijsttrekker for the election of 1998 but that he would stand for the election of 1998. After the election Van Mierlo subsequently returned again as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 19 May 1998. Following the cabinet formation of 1998 Van Mierlo per his own request asked not to be considered for a cabinet post in the new cabinet, the Cabinet Kok I was replaced by the Cabinet Kok II on 3 August 1998. Shortly after installation of the new cabinet Van Mierlo announced his retirement from national politics, he resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives on 18 August 1998.", "Q43330": "Mikheil Saakashvili (Georgian: \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d8\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, romanized: Mikheil Saak\u2019ashvili, IPA: [mi\u02c8\u03c7\u025bil \u02c8s\u0251\u02d0k\u02bc\u0251\u0283vili]; Ukrainian: \u041c\u0456\u0445\u0435\u0456\u043b \u0421\u0430\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0448\u0432\u0456\u043b\u0456, romanized: Mikheil Saakashvili, IPA: [m\u207d\u02b2\u207eixe\u02c8il s\u0250\u0250k\u0250\u0283\u02c8wil\u207d\u02b2\u207ei]; born 21 December 1967) is a Georgian and Ukrainian politician. He was the third President of Georgia for two consecutive terms from 25 January 2004 to 17 November 2013. From May 2015 until November 2016, Saakashvili was the Governor of Ukraine's Odessa Oblast. He is the founder and former chairman of the United National Movement party.\nInvolved in Georgian politics since 1995, Saakashvili became president in January 2004 after President Eduard Shevardnadze resigned in the November 2003 bloodless \"Rose Revolution\" led by Saakashvili and his political allies, Nino Burjanadze and Zurab Zhvania. He was re-elected in the Georgian presidential election on 5 January 2008. While his first term was marred by political quagmire, his second term saw unprecedented economic growth (averaging GDP increases of 10% a year), as well as drastic drops in endemic corruption. His foreign policy was characterized by pro-NATO and pro-West politics. In 2010, he had a 67% approval rating despite being criticized by the opposition for his alleged authoritarian tendencies and electoral fraud.On 2 October 2012, Saakashvili admitted his party's defeat in Georgia's parliamentary election against the Georgian Dream coalition led by the tycoon Bidzina Ivanishvili. He was barred by the constitution of Georgia from seeking a third term in the 2013 presidential election, which was won by the Georgian Dream's candidate Giorgi Margvelashvili. Shortly after the election, Saakashvili left Georgia. Saakashvili is wanted by Georgia's new government on multiple criminal charges, which he decries as politically motivated.Saakashvili energetically supported Ukraine's Euromaidan movement and the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. On 30 May 2015, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko appointed Saakashvili as Governor of Odessa Oblast. He was also granted Ukrainian citizenship, and due to restrictions on dual nationality under Georgian law, was stripped of his Georgian citizenship. On 7 November 2016, Saakashvili resigned as Governor while blaming President Poroshenko personally for enabling corruption in Odessa and in Ukraine overall. Four days later he announced his goal to create a new political party called Movement of New Forces.On 26 July 2017, Saakashvili (at the time staying in the U.S.) was stripped of his Ukrainian citizenship by Petro Poroshenko, and became a stateless person. On 29 May 2019, he returned to Ukraine after newly elected President Volodymyr Zelensky restored his citizenship.", "Q4742132": "Ameer Muhammad Akram Awan (Urdu: \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200e, Am\u012br Mu\u1e25ammad Akram A\u2018w\u0101n; born 31 December 1934 in Noorpur Sethi, British India \u2013 died 7 December 2017 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan) was an Islamic scholar and spiritual leader of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah order of Sufism. As a mufassir, he authored four exegeses (tafsir) of the Qur'an, including Asrar at-Tanzeel. Awan was dean of the Siqarah Education System and patron of the magazine Al-Murshid and of the Al-Falah Foundation.\n\n", "Q81065": "Zandaakh\u00fc\u00fcgiin Enkhbold (Mongolian: \u0417\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0430\u0445\u04af\u04af\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u042d\u043d\u0445\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0434, born May 23, 1966 in Ulaanbaatar) was the chairman or speaker of the State Great Khural from 2012 to 2016. He spent his childhood in Selenge Province. He was educated at Ural State University in Russia as an electrical engineer with a concentration on automation and telemetry from 1984 to 1989. Later, he earned a diploma of law from the National University of Mongolia in 1996 and graduated with an IMBA from the University of Denver in 2004.\nAlthough he joined the pro-democracy movement in late 1989 and the Mongolian Social Democratic Party in 1990, Enkhbold emerged on the political scene in 1996 when he was appointed as the Chairman of State Property Committee, the government agency responsible for the administration of the privatization process in Mongolia.\nAfter electoral defeat in 2000, Enkhbold was elected as secretary-general of the Democratic Party (Mongolia) (DP). However, he resigned from his post after the DP lost the 2001 presidential election. Enkhbold assumed his seat in parliament from \u00d6v\u00f6rkhangai Province in 2005. He was one of three sponsors of the controversial Windfall Profits Tax that was abolished when the Mongolian government signed an Investment Agreement for the Oyu Tolgoi mine. During his third parliamentary term, he served as the Chairman of the Standing Committee on Security and Foreign Policy from 2008-2011.\nEnkhbold has been perceived and has maintained his image as a brave, honest, and disinterested politician. Unlike most leaders in the DP, he has been much less involved in deals between the DP and the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) since 2004 and did not serve as a cabinet member in the coalition governments of 2004 and 2008. Moreover, Enkhbold has often come to public attention through his questions and statements about misconduct of politicians, often including fellow DP members.\nIn 2012, Enkhbold founded \u201cShonkhor\u201d (Falcon), an influential faction within the DP. Enkhbold was a co-author of the new parliamentary election law of early 2012 that introduced a mix of majoritarian districts and proportional representation, a women's quota for candidates, electronic counting of ballots, and more stringent requirements for candidates and party platforms.\nIn the June 2012 election, the DP listed him second on its proportional representation party list. Following the DP victory he has become Speaker of Parliament.\nHe was unseated in the June 2016 election.", "Q111498": "Ralf Husmann (born 24 September 1964 in Dortmund) is a German TV producer, screenwriter and author. He is the creator of Stromberg, the German adaption of The Office.", "Q64957": "Jonen is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q89439": "Adolf Wilhelm Ferdinand Damaschke (born 24 November 1865, Berlin \u2013 30 July 1935, Berlin) was a German politician and economist (National\u00f6konom).\nHe founded the German League for Land Reform (Deutscher Bund f\u00fcr Bodenreform) in 1898, which he led until his death. He was influenced by Henry George.", "Q926338": "Evelyn Charles Henry Vivian (( 1882-10-19)19 October 1882 \u2013 ( 1947-05-21)21 May 1947) was the pseudonym of Charles Henry Cannell, a British editor and writer of fantasy and supernatural, detective novels and stories.", "Q170072": "The United Provinces of the Netherlands, or simply United Provinces (officially the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands), and commonly referred to historiographically as the Dutch Republic, was a federal republic formally established from the formal creation of a federal state in 1581 by several Dutch provinces\u2014seceded from Spanish rule\u2014until the Batavian Revolution of 1795. It was a predecessor state of the Netherlands and the first fully independent Dutch nation state.\nThe small republic of around 1.5 million inhabitants distinguished itself by world trade through the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (GWC), by its military campaigns against countries such as Spain and England, by its huge fleet (with 2,000 ships, larger than that of England and France combined), by the flourishing of arts (painters such as Rembrandt, Johannes Vermeer and many others) and sciences (including Hugo Grotius and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek), and by its relatively tolerant atmosphere towards different religions and ideas (freedom of thought). Because Dutch trade, science, military, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world during much of the 17th century, this period became known in Dutch history as the Dutch Golden Age.", "Q920991": "Dezs\u0151 Szab\u00f3 (born June 10, 1879 in Kolozsv\u00e1r, Austria-Hungary (present-day Cluj-Napoca, Romania), died January 5, 1945 in Budapest) was a Hungarian linguist and writer noted for his nationalist and anti-semitic views. Szab\u00f3 has been considered one of the first \"pioneers of Magyar populist literature\".Szab\u00f3 came to live in Budapest in 1918 and started publishing short essays in the literary revue Nyugat. Initially he supported the Hungarian Revolution of 1918. Arthur Koestler, at the time a high school pupil in Budapest, recalls Szab\u00f3 as one of the new teachers brought to his school by the revolutionary regime \u2013 \"A shy, soft spoken, somewhat absent-minded man, he told us of a subject more faraway than the Moon: the daily life of hired agricultural workers in the countryside\" Support for the revolution was, however, a brief interlude in Szab\u00f3's life, and he soon developed into an outspoken and vehement opponent of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic proclaimed by B\u00e9la Kun.\nHe was quick to become a well-known and highly influential and energetic writer, gaining fame for his 1919 three-volume novel \"Az elsodort falu\" (\"The Eroded Village\"), an expressionist work espousing the idea that hope for a Hungarian renaissance lay in the peasant class, as opposed to the middle class which Szab\u00f3 believed was \"corrupted by the mentalities of the assimilated Germans and Jews\". This novel enjoyed a considerable influence during the period of \"White Terror\" following suppression of the Communist revolution. Though he published many later books, this was considered as the peak of his literary achievements.\nHistorian Joseph Varga wrote: \"Szabo passionately represented the idea that the unique characteristics of the Magyar race and its national uniqueness could only be ensured through the Magyar peasantry. To him, the people were the peasants, its best characteristics and virtues were embodied in the peasantry, a significant improvement in the financial and cultural status of the Magyar peasantry was an historical necessity, in the interest of the entire nation [since] the peasantry was the sole social segment that remained true to Hungary\u2019s Christian and national traditions through the revolutions of 1918 and 1919\".\nSzab\u00f3 has been considered the first \"intellectual anti-Semite among Hungarian writers\", and he was a regular contributor to the journal Virradat, one of the most rabidly anti-semitic papers of the inter-war period, in which he published no less than 44 articles during three years. These articles were couched in highly apocalyptic and alarmist tones, reprimanding the Hungarian nation for its \"feebleness\".\nThere is a continuing debate about whether or not Szab\u00f3 explicitly called for the physical extermination of the Hungarian Jews. According to Dr. Yehuda Marton, an Israeli-Hungarian scholar who wrote the article about Szab\u00f3 in the Hebrew Encyclopedia, Szab\u00f3 did make such a call for extermination at a public meeting in 1921. Apologists for the writer note that in \"The Eroded Village\" Mikl\u00f3s (a key figure of this main work) says to an old Jewish friend: \"If you should know that all my anger comes out from that I know that we depend on each other, because I love you\" \u2013 which would seem incompatible with the author wanting to kill all Jews. Still, it is undoubted that Szab\u00f3 wrote sharply antisemitic attacks on Jews, which helped undermine their position in Hungarian society and which could be said to have facilitated their actual extermination in 1944 \u2013 whether of not Szab\u00f3 himself intended this result.\nHowever, at the same time Szab\u00f3 was also vehemently anti-German, embarking in 1923 on a \"Campaign to eradicate German influence in Hungary\". After 1932 he was also outspokenly opposed to the Arrow Cross Party, the Hungarian Fascists\u2014without abandoning his anti-semitic views.\nThis combination of views was due to his own specific brand of racism, which Szab\u00f3 termed \"The Apotheosis of the Hungarian Race\".\nHis influence, considerable during the 1920s, waned in the following decade.\nSzab\u00f3 died in January 1945, during the siege of Budapest by the Soviet Army.", "Q492566": "Edgar Welch Leonard (June 19, 1881 \u2013 October 7, 1948) was a Harvard graduate and male tennis player from the United States.\nHe is best known for his gold medal at the St. Louis Olympics (1904) in the men's doubles event, partnering Beals Wright. In the men's singles event he won a bronze medal. Leonard reached the semifinals of the U.S. National Championships in 1904 and the quarterfinals in 1901 and 1906.\n\n", "Q166604": "David Salzer Broder (September 11, 1929 \u2013 March 9, 2011), was an American journalist, writing for The Washington Post for over 40 years. He was also an author, television news show pundit, and university lecturer.\nFor more than half a century, Broder reported on every presidential campaign, beginning with the 1956 Eisenhower\u2013Stevenson race. Known as the \"dean\" of the Washington, D.C., press corps, Broder made over 400 appearances on NBC's Meet the Press. The Forbes Media Guide Five Hundred, 1994 stated in 1994: \"Broder is the best of an almost extinct species, the daily news reporter who doubles as an op-ed page columnist....With his solid reporting and shrewd analysis, Broder remains one of the sager voices in Washington.\"", "Q1444457": "Frank Wildhorn (born November 29, 1958) is an American composer known for both his musicals and popular songs. He is best known for his musical Jekyll & Hyde, which ran four years on Broadway, and for writing the #1 International hit song \"Where Do Broken Hearts Go\" for Whitney Houston.", "Q158932": "Edguy is a heavy metal band from Fulda, Germany that was formed in 1992.", "Q677220": "The Lugano Prealps (Prealpi Luganesi or Prealpi Lombarde Occidentali in Italian) are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps. They are located in Canton Ticino (southern Switzerland) and in Lombardy (northern Italy).", "Q349893": "Milan Hod\u017ea (1 February 1878 \u2013 27 June 1944) was a Slovak politician and journalist, serving from 1935 to 1938 as the Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia. As a proponent of regional integration, he was famous for his attempts to establish a democratic federation of Central European states.\nHis son was Fedor Hod\u017ea (a politician) and he was the nephew of Michal Miloslav Hod\u017ea (a politician and poet).", "Q459171": "Judith Ann Reisman (; born April 11, 1935) is an American conservative author, best known for her criticism and condemnation of the work and legacy of Alfred Kinsey. She has been referred to as the \"founder of the modern anti-Kinsey movement\". Her commentary is currently featured by the conservative WorldNetDaily and the Christian magazine Salvo. She holds a Ph.D. in communications from Case Western Reserve University, and is a visiting professor of law at Liberty University.", "Q13513": "Jean-Baptiste Say (French: [\u0292\u00e3batist s\u025b]; 5 January 1767 \u2013 15 November 1832) was a French economist and businessman who had liberal views and argued in favor of competition, free trade and lifting restraints on business. He is best known for Say's law\u2014also known as the law of markets\u2014which he popularized. Scholars disagree on the surprisingly subtle question of whether it was Say who first stated what is now called Say's law. Moreover, he was one of the first economists to study entrepreneurship and conceptualized entrepreneurs as organizers and leaders of the economy.", "Q81071": "James Mallahan Cain (July 1, 1892 \u2013 October 27, 1977) was an American author and journalist. Cain vehemently opposed labeling, but he is usually associated with the hardboiled school of American crime fiction and is seen as one of the creators of the roman noir. Several of his crime novels inspired successful movies.", "Q75696": "Maximilian (Max) Franz August von Forckenbeck (23 October 1821 \u2013 26 May 1892) was a German lawyer and liberal politician who served as Mayor of Berlin from 1878 until his death. His is considered one of the most important mayors of the city because of his prudent governing style during Berlin's rise as the capital of a unified Germany.\n\n", "Q1343611": "James Gordon Bennett Sr. (September 1, 1795 \u2013 June 1, 1872) was the founder, editor and publisher of the New York Herald and a major figure in the history of American newspapers.", "Q2303765": "The University of Ghana is the oldest and largest of the thirteen Ghanaian national public universities. It was founded in 1948, in the British colony of the Gold Coast, as the University College of the Gold Coast, and was originally an affiliate college of the University of London, which supervised its academic programmes and awarded degrees. After independence in 1957, the college was renamed the University College of Ghana. It changed its name again to the University of Ghana in 1961, when it gained full university status.The original emphasis was on the liberal arts, social sciences, law, basic science, agriculture and medicine. However, as part of a national educational reform program, the university's curriculum was expanded to provide more technology-based and vocational courses as well as postgraduate training.\nThe university is mainly based at Legon, about 12 kilometres northeast of the centre of Accra. Its medical school is in Korle Bu, with a teaching hospital and secondary campus in the city of Accra. It also has a graduate school of nuclear and Allied Sciences at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, making it one of the few universities on the African continent offering programs in nuclear physics and nuclear engineering.", "Q660984": "Intelligent dance music (commonly abbreviated as IDM) is a style of electronic music originating in the early 1990s, regarded as \"cerebral\" and better suited to home listening than dancing. Emerging from electronic and rave music styles such as techno, acid house, ambient music, and breakbeat, IDM tended to rely upon individualistic experimentation rather than adhering to characteristics associated with specific genres. Prominent artists associated with the genre include Aphex Twin, \u03bc-Ziq, the Black Dog, the Orb, the Future Sound of London, Autechre, Luke Vibert, Squarepusher, Venetian Snares and Boards of Canada.The term \"intelligent dance music\" has been widely criticised and dismissed by most artists associated with the term, including Aphex Twin, Autechre, and \u03bc-Ziq. The term was likely inspired by the 1992 Warp compilation Artificial Intelligence and is said to have originated in the US in 1993 with the formation of the \"IDM list\", an electronic mailing list originally chartered for the discussion of English artists appearing on compilation. In 2014, music critic Sasha Frere-Jones observed that the term \"is widely reviled but still commonly used\".", "Q213545": "Rudolf Serkin (28 March 1903 \u2013 8 May 1991) was a Bohemian-born American pianist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Beethoven interpreters of the 20th century.", "Q65485": "Heiligenschwendi is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q18446": "Dalibor Brozovi\u0107 (Croatian pronunciation: [d\u01celibor br\u01d2\u02d0zo\u028bit\u0361\u0255]; 28 July 1927 \u2013 19 June 2009) was a Croatian linguist, Slavist, dialectologist and politician. He studied the history of standard languages in the Slavic region, especially Croatian. He was an active Esperantist since 1946, and wrote Esperanto poetry as well as translated works into the language.", "Q1358557": "Giorgio Carbone (14 June 1936 \u2013 25 November 2009) was an Italian who claimed to be head of state of the Principality of Seborga, a micronation whose extent is the Italian town of that name, but whose independent status is not yet recognised outside of Seborga. He had assumed the title of Giorgio I, Prince of Seborga.\n\n", "Q124437": "Binjamin Wilkomirski (Pseudonym), real name Bruno D\u00f6ssekker (born Bruno Grosjean; February 12, 1941 in Biel/Bienne), is a musician and writer who claimed to be a Holocaust survivor. His fictional 1995 memoir, published in English as Fragments: Memories of a Wartime Childhood, was debunked by Swiss journalist and writer Daniel Ganzfried in August 1998. The subsequent disclosure of Wilkomirski's fabrications sparked heated debate in the German and English-speaking world. Many critics argued that Fragments no longer had any literary value. Swiss historian and anti-Semitism expert Stefan Maechler later wrote, \"Once the professed interrelationship between the first-person narrator, the death-camp story he narrates, and historical reality are proved palpably false, what was a masterpiece becomes kitsch.\"", "Q58062": "Johann Georg Adam Forster (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261e\u02d0\u0254\u0281k \u02c8f\u0254\u0281st\u0250]; November 27, 1754 \u2013 January 10, 1794) was a German naturalist, ethnologist, travel writer, journalist, and revolutionary. At an early age, he accompanied his father, Johann Reinhold Forster, on several scientific expeditions, including James Cook's second voyage to the Pacific. His report of that journey, A Voyage Round the World, contributed significantly to the ethnology of the people of Polynesia and remains a respected work. As a result of the report, Forster was admitted to the Royal Society at the early age of twenty-two and came to be considered one of the founders of modern scientific travel literature.\nAfter returning to continental Europe, Forster turned toward academia. He taught natural history at the Collegium Carolinum in the Ottoneum, Kassel (1778\u201384), and later at the Academy of Vilna (Vilnius University) (1784\u201387). In 1788, he became head librarian at the University of Mainz. Most of his scientific work during this time consisted of essays on botany and ethnology, but he also prefaced and translated many books about travel and exploration, including a German translation of Cook's diaries.\nForster was a central figure of the Enlightenment in Germany, and corresponded with most of its adherents, including his close friend Georg Christoph Lichtenberg. His ideas and personality influenced Alexander von Humboldt, one of the great scientists of the 19th century. When the French took control of Mainz in 1792, Forster played a leading role in the Mainz Republic, the earliest republican state in Germany. During July 1793 and while he was in Paris as a delegate of the young Mainz Republic, Prussian and Austrian coalition forces regained control of the city and Forster was declared an outlaw. Unable to return to Germany and separated from his friends and family, he died in Paris of illness in early 1794.", "Q689854": "The Technische Universit\u00e4t Bergakademie Freiberg (usually translated from German as Freiberg University of Mining and Technology or Freiberg Mining Academy, University of Technology) is a German university of technology with about 4,300 students in the city of Freiberg, Saxony. It was established in 1765 by Prince Franz Xaver, regent of Saxony, based on plans by Friedrich Wilhelm von Oppel and Friedrich Anton von Heynitz, and is the oldest university of mining and metallurgy in the world. The chemical elements indium (1863) and germanium (1886) were discovered by scientists of Freiberg University. The polymath Alexander von Humboldt studied mining at the Bergakademie from 1791 to 1792.\nToday, TU Bergakademie Freiberg is a highly specialized university of technology comprising six faculties: mathematics and informatics; chemistry, biology and physics; geoscience, geoengineering and mining; mechanical engineering; material sciences; and economics.", "Q312129": "Eugene Levy, CM (born December 17, 1946) is a Canadian actor, comedian, producer, director, and writer. He is the only actor to have appeared in all eight of the American Pie films, in his role as Noah Levenstein. He often plays flustered and unconventional figures. He is a regular collaborator of actor-director Christopher Guest, appearing in and co-writing four of his films, commencing with Waiting for Guffman (1996).\nLevy received the Governor General's Performing Arts Award, Canada's highest honour in the performing arts, in 2008. He was appointed to the Order of Canada on June 30, 2011. From 2015-2020, he starred as Johnny Rose in Schitt's Creek, a comedy series that he co-created with his son and co-star, Dan Levy. In 2019, he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series.", "Q2658582": "Amos Manor (Hebrew: \u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05e1 \u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u200e; October 8, 1918 \u2013 August 5, 2007) was Director of the Shin Bet, Israel's internal intelligence and security service, from 1953 until 1963.", "Q57351": "Ernst Moritz Arndt (26 December 1769 \u2013 29 January 1860) was a German nationalist historian, writer and poet. Early in his life, he fought for the abolition of serfdom, later against Napoleonic dominance over Germany. Arndt had to flee to Sweden for some time due to his anti-French positions. He is one of the main founders of German nationalism and the 19th century movement for German unification. After the Carlsbad Decrees, the forces of the restoration counted him as a demagogue.\nArndt played an important role for the early national and liberal Burschenschaft movement and for the unification movement, and his song \"Was ist des Deutschen Vaterland?\" acted as an unofficial German national anthem.\nLong after his death, his anti-French propaganda was used again, in both World Wars. This, together with some strongly antisemitic and anti-Polish statements, has led to a highly critical view of Arndt today.", "Q67292": "Sonceboz-Sombeval is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).", "Q252": "Indonesia ( (listen) IN-d\u0259-NEE-zh\u0259), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia [re\u02c8publik \u026ando\u02c8nesia] (listen)), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of more than seventeen thousand islands, including Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Kalimantan), Sulawesi, and New Guinea (Papua). Indonesia is the world's largest island country and the 14th largest country by land area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). With over 267 million people, it is the world's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population.\nThe sovereign state is a presidential, constitutional republic with an elected legislature. It has 34 provinces, of which five have special status. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the second-most populous urban area in the world. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia. Other neighbouring countries include Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity.\nThe Indonesian archipelago has been a valuable region for trade since at least the 7th century when Srivijaya and later Majapahit traded with entities from mainland China and the Indian subcontinent. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign influences from the early centuries and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Sunni traders and Sufi scholars brought Islam, while Europeans introduced Christianity through colonisation. Although sometimes interrupted by the Portuguese, French and British, the Dutch were the foremost colonial power for much of their 350-year presence in the archipelago. The concept of \"Indonesia\" as a nation-state emerged in the early 20th century and the country proclaimed its independence in 1945. However, it was not until 1949 that the Dutch recognised Indonesia's sovereignty following an armed and diplomatic conflict between the two.\nIndonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups, with the largest one being the Javanese. A shared identity has developed with the motto \"Bhinneka Tunggal Ika\" (\"Unity in Diversity\" literally, \"many, yet one\"), defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. The economy of Indonesia is the world's 16th largest by nominal GDP and 7th by GDP at PPP. The country is a member of several multilateral organisations, including the UN, WTO, IMF, G20, and a founding member of Non-Aligned Movement, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, East Asia Summit, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.", "Q186096": "The Tsardom of Russia (Russian: \u0420\u0443\u0301\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, Russkoje tsarstvo later changed to \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, Rossiyskoye tsarstvo), also called the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of Tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.\nFrom 1551 to 1700, Russia grew by 35,000 km2 per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, many wars with the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden and the Ottoman Empire as well as the Russian conquest of Siberia, leading up to the ground-changing reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the Tsardom into a major European power. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f, Rossiyskaya imperiya) after victory over Sweden in 1721.", "Q172117": "Sir Leslie Lynn Marr, 2nd Baronet (born 14 August 1922) is a British landscape artist, painter and former racing driver.\nMarr was born in Durham, England, the son of John Lynn Marr (1877\u20131931) and Amelia Rachel, n\u00e9e Thompson (1884\u20131971). He was educated at Shrewsbury School and Pembroke College, Cambridge. He inherited his baronetcy in 1932, on the death of his grandfather, shipbuilder Sir James Marr, 1st Baronet, though he does not use the title. He studied engineering at Cambridge University, where he graduated in 1942. During World War II he served as a technician in the Royal Air Force. His interest in painting developed during his posting to Palestine.Marr participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, making his debut on 17 July 1954 at the British Grand Prix. Racing in his private Connaught, he finished in 13th place, but retired from his last world championship race in 1955, after a damaged brake pipe caused him to spin off. Marr competed in several non-Championship races, with his best results including winning the 1955 Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race and finishing fourth in the 1956 New Zealand Grand Prix.\n\n", "Q10519255": "Hedvig Eleonora Parish (Swedish: Hedvig Eleonora f\u00f6rsamling) is a parish in \u00d6stermalm's church district (kontrakt) in the Diocese of Stockholm, Sweden. The parish is located in Stockholm Municipality in Stockholm County. The parish forms its own pastorship.\n\n", "Q443897": "Gretchen Frances Wilson (born June 26, 1973) is an American country artist. She made her debut in March 2004 with the Grammy Award-winning single \"Redneck Woman,\" a number-one hit on the Billboard country charts. The song served as the lead-off single of her debut album, Here for the Party. Wilson followed this album one year later with All Jacked Up, the title track of which became the highest-debuting single for a female country artist upon its 2005 release. A third album, One of the Boys, was released in 2007.\nOverall, Wilson has charted 13 singles on the Billboard country charts, of which five have reached Top Ten: the Number One \"Redneck Woman\", as well as \"Here for the Party\" (#3, 2004), \"When I Think About Cheatin'\" (#4, 2004), \"Homewrecker\" (#2, 2005), and \"All Jacked Up\" (#8, 2005). The album Here for the Party was certified 5\u00d7 Multi-Platinum by the RIAA for sales of five million copies, while All Jacked Up was certified platinum. She has sold over 8 million records worldwide.", "Q4538140": "Mykola Andriyovych Yankovsky (born 12 August 1944 in Pokotilovo, Ukrainian SSR) is a former Ukrainian businessman who has influenced Ukraine\u2019s chemical production landscape and made it environmentally friendly . Candidate of Economic Sciences (1998), Professor, Head of the Department of Advanced Technologies in Management of Donetsk State Academy of Management (since 1999); Academician of AINU (1992), AENU (1995). Member of the Academy of Russian Entrepreneurs (1997). Professor Emeritus of the Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology. Hero of Ukraine ( 2003 ).", "Q2725555": "Dato' Sri Siti Nurhaliza binti Tarudin (Jawi: \u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 ; IPA: [\u02c8siti n\u028arha\u02c8liza \u02c8binti ta\u02c8rud\u026an]; born 11 January 1979) is a Malaysian singer and businesswoman with almost 300 local and international awards. She made her debut after she won a local singing competition show Bintang HMI in 1995 when she was 16. Her debut single, \"Jerat Percintaan\", won the 11th Anugerah Juara Lagu and another two awards for Best Performance and Best Ballad. The album, as of 2005, has sold more than 800,000 units in Malaysia. She has recorded and sung in multiple languages, including Malaysian, Javanese, English, Mandarin, Arabic, Urdu, and Japanese.Throughout her career, Siti has received an unprecedented number of music awards in Malaysia and its neighbouring countries: 42 Anugerah Industri Muzik, 25 Anugerah Bintang Popular, 27 Anugerah Planet Muzik, 20 Anugerah Juara Lagu, four MTV Asia Awards, three World Music Awards, two Anugerah Musik Indonesia (Indonesian Music Awards), and two records in the Malaysia Book of Records. Having 17 studio albums, she is one of the most popular artists in the Malay Archipelago and Nusantara region \u2013 she has been voted for Regional Most Popular Artiste ten times in a row beating other fellow artists from Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore in the Anugerah Planet Muzik since 2001. Currently listed as one of Malaysia's richest, most-influential, most award-winning, and most single-produced artist. She is also one of Malaysia's best selling artists, with her album sales having contributed to 10 percent of Malaysia's total album sales for 2001. To date, she has sold more than 6 million in record sales.\nAt international stage, Siti has won the Gold Award in Asia New Singer Competition at Shanghai Asia Music Festival in 1999, two awards from 'South Pacific International Song and Singing Competition 1999' held in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, and the Grand Prix Champion title in Voice of Asia in 2002 held in Almaty, Kazakhstan.Besides musical awards, she has various other achievements. In 1998, Siti was chosen to perform during the closing ceremony of 1998 Commonwealth Games in front of Queen Elizabeth II and her consort, Prince Philip, among other dignitaries and officials from 70 countries including those from the Commonwealth of Nations. In 2005, Siti became the first Southeast Asian singer, and third Asian singer to perform a solo concert at the Royal Albert Hall, London, while being backed by the London Symphony Orchestra. She was listed second by MTV Asia in Asia's Best Musical Artiste and Channel V's Biggest Asian Artiste in 2005. Later in 2008, she was named as one of Asia's Idol by Asia News Network. Her success in the Asian region has gained her honorific titles including the \"Voice of Asia\" and \"Asia's Celine Dion\".", "Q11462": "Surabaya (Indonesian pronunciation: [sura\u02c8baja] (listen)) is the capital of the Indonesian province of East Java and the second-largest city in the country, after Jakarta. The city has a population of over 3 million within its city limits and over 10 million in the Surabaya metropolitan area, making it the second-largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. Located on northeastern Java on the Madura Strait, it is one of the earliest port cities in Southeast Asia. According to the National Development Planning Agency, Surabaya is one of the four main central cities of Indonesia, alongside Jakarta, Medan, and Makassar.The city was settled in 10th century by Kingdom of Janggala, one of the two Javanese kingdoms that was formed in 1045 when Airlangga abdicated his throne in favour of his two sons. In the late 15th and 16th centuries, Surabaya grew to be a duchy, a major political and military power as well as a port in eastern Java, probably under Majapahit empire. At that time, Surabaya was already a major trading port, owing to its location on the River Brantas delta and on the trade route between Malacca and the Spice Islands via the Java Sea. During the decline of Majapahit, the lord of Surabaya resisted the rise of the Demak Sultanate, and only submitted to its rule in 1530. Surabaya became independent after the death of Sultan Trenggana of Demak in 1546.In the 18th and 19th centuries (up to 1945), Surabaya was the largest city in the Dutch East Indies, larger than Batavia (present day Jakarta) and the centre of trading in the nation, which was then a competitor of Shanghai and Hong Kong. The city is known as Kota Pahlawan (city of heroes) due to the importance of the Battle of Surabaya in galvanizing Indonesian and international support for Indonesian independence during the Indonesian National Revolution. Today the city remains one of the important entertainment, financial, industrial, transportational, and commercial hubs of the Indonesian archipelago, arguably second only to Jakarta, and the Port of Tanjung Perak is Indonesia's second-busiest seaport located on northern Surabaya. In 2016, Surabaya received seven consecutive times Adipura Kencana Award from 2010 as number one among 20 cities in Indonesia. Surabaya awarded by a Singaporean Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize as city's special mention.", "Q57437": "Heinrich Hoffmann (12 September 1885 \u2013 15 December 1957) was Adolf Hitler's official photographer, and a Nazi politician and publisher, who was a member of Hitler's intimate circle. Hoffmann's photographs were a significant part of Hitler's propaganda campaign to present himself and the Nazi Party as a significant mass phenomenon. He received royalties from all uses of Hitler's image, even on postage stamps, which made him a millionaire over the course of Hitler's reign. After the Second World War he was tried and sentenced to four years in prison for war profiteering. He was classified by the Allies' Art Looting Investigators to be a \"major offender\" in Nazi art plundering of Jews, as both art dealer and collector and his art collection, which contained many artworks looted from Jews, was ordered confiscated by the Allies. He recovered the art in 1956 by order of the Bavarian State.", "Q104081": "Mickey Rooney (born Ninnian Joseph Yule Jr.; September 23, 1920 \u2013 April 6, 2014) was an American actor, vaudevillian, comedian, producer and radio personality. In a career spanning nine decades and continuing until shortly before his death, he appeared in more than 300 films and was among the last surviving stars of the silent-film era.At the height of a career that was marked by declines and comebacks, Rooney performed the role of Andy Hardy in a series of 16 films in the 1930's and 1940's that epitomized American family values. A versatile performer, he became a celebrated character actor later in his career. Laurence Olivier once said he considered Rooney \"the best there has ever been\". Clarence Brown, who directed him in two of his earliest dramatic roles, National Velvet and The Human Comedy, said he was \"the closest thing to a genius I ever worked with\".Rooney first performed in vaudeville as a child and made his film debut at the age of six. At 14, he played Puck in the play and later the 1935 film adaptation of A Midsummer Night's Dream. Critic David Thomson hailed his performance as \"one of the cinema's most arresting pieces of magic\". In 1938, he co-starred in Boys Town. At 18, he was the first teenager to be nominated for an Oscar for his leading role in Babes in Arms, and he was awarded a special Academy Juvenile Award in 1939. At the peak of his career between the ages of 15 and 25, he made 43 films, which made him one of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's most consistently successful actors and a favorite of MGM studio head Louis B. Mayer.\nRooney was the top box-office attraction from 1939 to 1941 and one of the best-paid actors of that era, but his career would never again rise to such heights. Drafted into the Army during World War II, he served nearly two years entertaining over two million troops on stage and radio and was awarded a Bronze Star for performing in combat zones. Returning from the war in 1945, he was too old for juvenile roles but too short to be an adult movie star, and was unable to get as many starring roles. Nevertheless, Rooney's popularity was renewed with well-received supporting roles in films such as Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), Requiem for a Heavyweight (1962), It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963), and The Black Stallion (1979). In the early 1980s, he returned to Broadway in Sugar Babies and again became a celebrated star. Rooney made hundreds of appearances on TV, including dramas, variety programs, and talk shows, and won an Emmy in 1982 plus a Golden Globe for his role in Bill (1981).", "Q313551": "Beno\u00eet Paul \u00c9mile Clapeyron (French: [klap\u025b\u0281\u0254\u0303]; 26 January 1799 \u2013 28 January 1864) was a French engineer and physicist, one of the founders of thermodynamics.", "Q1348022": "Ralph Scotoni (1901\u20131955) was a Swiss businessman notable for his involvement in the German film industry. He was the son of Eugen Scotoni. Between 1930 and 1935, when it was nationalised by the German government, he oversaw his family's interest in Terra Film \u2013 the second most important German production company behind UFA. Scotoni automatically became a member of the Nazi Party (as was common for owners of large companies) but never picked up his membership card. Many of his later films depicted similarities between Switzerland and Nazi Germany. He left Germany in 1935 after the nationalization of Terra.", "Q323492": "Stonewall Jackson (born November 6, 1932) is an American country music singer, guitarist and musician who achieved his greatest fame during country's \"golden\" honky tonk era in the 1950s and early 1960s.", "Q116485": "The University of Louisiana at Lafayette (UL Lafayette, University of Louisiana, or UL) is a public research university in Lafayette, Louisiana. It has the largest enrollment within the nine-campus University of Louisiana System and has the second largest enrollment in Louisiana.\nFounded in 1898 as an industrial school, the institution developed into a four-year university during the twentieth century and became known by its present name in 1999. It offers Louisiana's only Ph.D. in francophone studies, Louisiana's only master's of informatics, and Louisiana's only industrial design degree. The university has achieved several milestones in computer science, engineering and architecture. It is also home to a distinct College of the Arts.", "Q91504": "Jacob Matschenz (born 1984, Berlin) is a German actor. He is notable for film and television work including The Wave (2008), 12 Paces Without a Head (2009) and The Sinking of the Laconia (2010). He won the Adolf Grimme Award in 2008 for his appearance in An die Grenze.\n\n", "Q121229": "Roberto Risso (22 November 1925 \u2013 16 November 2010) was a Swiss-born Italian film actor.\n\n", "Q13275": "Somali (Af-Soomaali [\u00e6\u0300f s\u0254\u0300\u02d0m\u0251\u0301\u02d0l\u00ec]) is an Afroasiatic language belonging to the Cushitic branch. It is spoken as a mother tongue by Somalis in Greater Somalia and the Somali diaspora. Somali is an official language of Somalia and Somaliland, a national language in Djibouti, and a working language in the Somali Region of Ethiopia and also in North Eastern Kenya. It is used as an adoptive language by a few neighboring ethnic minority groups and individuals. The Somali language is written officially with the Latin alphabet.", "Q80409": "Baran (Persian: \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200e; literally: Rain) is a 2001 Iranian film directed by Majid Majidi, based on an original script by Majid Majidi. The movie is set during recent times in which there are many Afghan refugees living on the outskirts of Tehran. Baran won a number of awards both nationally and internationally for the director and writer Majid Majidi.", "Q8766": "British Airways (BA) is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom, headquartered in London, England, near its main hub at Heathrow Airport. It is the second largest airline in the United Kingdom, based on fleet size and passengers carried, behind easyJet. In January 2011 BA merged with Iberia, creating the International Airlines Group (IAG), a holding company registered in Madrid, Spain. IAG is the world's third-largest airline group in terms of annual revenue and the second-largest in Europe. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and in the FTSE 100 Index. British Airways is the first passenger airline to have generated more than $1 billion on a single air route in a year (from 1 April 2017, to 31 March 2018, on the New York-JFK - London-Heathrow route).BA was created in 1974 after a British Airways Board was established by the British government to manage the two nationalised airline corporations, British Overseas Airways Corporation and British European Airways, and two regional airlines, Cambrian Airways and Northeast Airlines. On 31 March 1974, all four companies were merged to form British Airways. However, it marked 2019 as its centenary based on predecessor companies. After almost 13 years as a state company, BA was privatised in February 1987 as part of a wider privatisation plan by the Conservative government. The carrier expanded with the acquisition of British Caledonian in 1987, Dan-Air in 1992, and British Midland International in 2012. Its pre-eminence highlights the reach of the country's influence as many of its destinations in several regions were historically part of the British Empire.\nIt is a founding member of the Oneworld airline alliance, along with American Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Qantas, and the now-defunct Canadian Airlines. The alliance has since grown to become the third-largest, after SkyTeam and Star Alliance.\n\n", "Q253607": "Amita Marie \"Tata\" Young (Thai: \u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e35 \u0e22\u0e31\u0e07; born 14 December 1980) is a Thai-American descent singer, actress, model and dancer who gained prominence in Thailand when she placed first in a national singing contest at age 11, subsequently signing a record deal and releasing her first album Amita Tata Young in 1996.Within five months, the album had sold over one million copies. Since then, Young has released eight studio albums, three in English and five in Thai. Her most recent album is Ready for Love, released in 2009.\nYoung has acted in three films, The Red Bike Story (Jakkayan See Daeng), O-Negative and Plai Tien a TV drama Wick of the Candle. She sang \"Reach for the Stars\" at the Bangkok opening ceremony for the 13th Asian Games in 1998 and also sang \"Dhoom Dhoom\", the English version of the title song for the 2004 Bollywood movie Dhoom.\nThroughout the 2000s, Young enjoyed widespread mainstream popularity across Southeast Asia, East Asia and South Asia winning multiple national and international awards and was often lauded as \"Asia's Queen of Pop\" and the \"Britney Spears of Asia\".", "Q98246": "Charles-\u00c9mile Kopp (3 March 1817 \u2013 30 November 1875), French chemist, was born at Wasselonne, Alsace.\nHe became in 1847 a professor of toxicology and chemistry at the \u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure de Pharmacie at Strasbourg. Because of his participation in the demonstration on \"revolutionary day\" 13 June 1849, he was forced to leave France, subsequently settling in Switzerland. In 1849 he became a professor of physics and chemistry at Lausanne, and in 1852 a chemist to a Turkey red factory near Manchester. In 1855 he was granted amnesty and returned to France. In 1868 he was named a professor of technology at Turin (Regio Museo Industriale italiano), and finally, in 1871, a professor of technical chemistry at the Federal Polytechnic Institute Zurich, today the ETH Zurich. He died in Zurich.\nHe conducted experiments with arsenic acid as a discharge agent and filed patents for the employment of arsenic and phosphoric acids in discharge printing of fabrics. In 1844 he reportedly was the first to discover red phosphorus; his findings taking place prior to Anton Schr\u00f6tter's discovery of the substance during the following year.With Pompejus Bolley, he published \"Trait\u00e9 des mati\u00e8res colorantes artificielles d\u00e9riv\u00e9es du goudron de houille\" (1874, \"Treatise on artificial dyes derived from coal tar\").", "Q788586": "Timothy S. Guinee (born November 18, 1962) is an American stage, television, and feature film actor.", "Q215652": "Max Rostal (7 July 1905 \u2013 6 August 1991) was a violinist and a viola player. He was Austrian-born, but later took British citizenship.", "Q97175": "Sandra Speichert (born 22 January 1971) is a German film and TV actress. She performed in more than forty films since 1992, along with a number of theatrical performances. Speichert is mother to two children: Siena and Lino, whom she had with Bernd B\u00f6hlich.", "Q678675": "Rostislav Evgenievich Alexeyev (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432; December 18, 1916 \u2013 February 9, 1980) was a Russian Soviet Director & Chief of Design known for his pioneering work on hydrofoil ships and ground effect vehicles. Alexeyev was an accomplished designer of hydrofoil ships, such as the Raketa, and became a prominent developer of ground effect vehicles, particularly the Caspian Sea Monster and the A-90 Orlyonok.", "Q73581": "Ernst Goldenbaum (15 December 1898, Parchim, Mecklenburg-Schwerin \u2013 13 March 1990) was an East German politician.", "Q1060070": "Challenge Records was a record label sold by the Sears-Roebuck Company. Releases were drawn from other recordings on other labels in the late 1920s, such as Banner, Gennett, Paramount Records and others. Sears also had the Silvertone label and the same recording of \"Black Bottom\" by Joe Candullo & his Everglades Orchestra was released on both labels. Around 1929 Sears did away with Challenge and Silvertone, replacing them with Conqueror Records. Challenge discs generally sold for less than Silvertone ones because they seldom used songs requiring royalty payments and the label generally assigned pseudonyms to the artists. Introduced in the Spring 1927 catalog for just 24\u00a2 per disc, Challenge bore the frank disclaimer, \"If you want the best, we recommend the Silvertone.\" The last issues appeared in Sears\u2019 Spring 1931 catalog.", "Q53651": "Joshua Lucas Easy Dent Maurer (born June 20, 1971) is an American actor. He has appeared in various films, including American Psycho, You Can Count on Me, The Deep End, A Beautiful Mind, Sweet Home Alabama, Hulk, Secondhand Lions, Stealth, An Unfinished Life, Glory Road, Poseidon, Management, Life as We Know It, The Lincoln Lawyer, J. Edgar, Red Dog, Breakthrough, and Ford v Ferrari. His television roles include The Firm, The Mysteries of Laura, and Yellowstone.", "Q930228": "Sputnik Sweetheart (\u30b9\u30d7\u30fc\u30c8\u30cb\u30af\u306e\u604b\u4eba, Sup\u016btoniku no Koibito) is a novel by Haruki Murakami, published in Japan, by Kodansha, in 1999. An English translation by Philip Gabriel was then published in 2001.", "Q445216": "Merton E. Davies (September 13, 1917 \u2013 April 17, 2001) was a pioneer of America's space program, first in earth reconnaissance and later in planetary exploration and mapping. He graduated from Stanford University in 1938 and worked for the Douglas Aircraft corporation in the 1940s. He worked as a member of RAND Corporation after it split off from Douglas in 1948 and for the remainder of his career.", "Q674067": "A mime artist or just mime (from Greek \u03bc\u1fd6\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2, mimos, \"imitator, actor\") is a person who uses mime as a theatrical medium or as a performance art. Miming involves acting out a story through body motions, without the use of speech. In earlier times, in English, such a performer would typically be referred to as a mummer. Miming is distinguished from silent comedy, in which the artist is a character in a film or skit without sound.\nJacques Copeau, strongly influenced by Commedia dell'arte and Japanese Noh theatre, used masks in the training of his actors. His pupil \u00c9tienne Decroux was highly influenced by this, started exploring and developing the possibilities of mime, and developed corporeal mime into a highly sculptural form, taking it outside the realms of naturalism. Jacques Lecoq contributed significantly to the development of mime and physical theatre with his training methods. As a result of this, the practice of mime has been included in the Inventory of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in France since 2017.", "Q164985": "Henry Jarvis Raymond (January 24, 1820 \u2013 June 18, 1869) was an American journalist, politician, and co-founder of The New York Times, which he founded with George Jones. He was a member of the New York State Assembly, Lieutenant Governor of New York, Chairman of the Republican National Committee, and elected to the House of Representatives. For his contribution towards the formation of the Republican Party, Raymond has sometimes been called the \"godfather of the Republican Party\".", "Q4174": "Emden (German: [\u025bmdn\u0329]) is an independent city and seaport in Lower Saxony in the northwest of Germany, on the river Ems. It is the main city of the region of East Frisia and, in 2011, had a total population of 51,528.", "Q548040": "Joseph Smith Fletcher (7 February 1863 \u2013 30 January 1935) was an English journalist and author. He wrote more than 230 books on a wide variety of subjects, both fiction and non-fiction, and was one of the most prolific English writers of detective fiction.", "Q266694": "Vina Fay Wray (September 15, 1907 \u2013 August 8, 2004) was a Canadian-born American actress best remembered for starring as Ann Darrow in the 1933 film King Kong (1933). Through an acting career that spanned nearly six decades, Wray attained international recognition as an actress in horror films. She has been dubbed one of the early \"scream queens\".\nAfter appearing in minor film roles, Wray gained media attention after being selected as one of the \"WAMPAS Baby Stars\" in 1926. This led to her being contracted to Paramount Pictures as a teenager, where she made more than a dozen feature films. After leaving Paramount, she signed deals with various film companies, being cast in her first horror film roles, in addition to many other types of roles, including in The Bowery (1933) and Viva Villa (1934), both of which starred Wallace Beery. For RKO Radio Pictures, Inc., she starred in the film for which she is most identified, King Kong (1933). After the success of King Kong, Wray made numerous appearances in both film and television; she retired in 1980.\n\n", "Q186900": "13 Tzameti is a 2005 suspense thriller film written, produced, and directed by Georgian filmmaker G\u00e9la Babluani. \"Tzameti\" (\u10ea\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8; tsameti) is the Georgian word for thirteen. 13 Tzameti is the feature-length directorial debut for Babluani. It also marks the acting debut of his younger brother Georges, who plays the film's protagonist S\u00e9bastien. The music was composed by East (Arnaud Taillefer) from the French band Troublemakers.\nThe film tells the story of a destitute immigrant worker who steals an envelope containing instructions for a mysterious job that could pay out a fortune. Following the instructions, the young man unwittingly becomes trapped in a dark and dangerous situation.\n\n", "Q313579": "Shawn Robert Ashmore (born October 7, 1979) is a Canadian film and television actor. He is known for his roles as Bobby Drake / Iceman in the X-Men film series, Jake Berenson in the television series Animorphs, Agent Mike Weston in the television drama series The Following, Eric in the horror film The Ruins and Sam Spencer in the ABC series Conviction. Ashmore also plays the main character, Jack Joyce, in the 2016 video game Quantum Break, as well as Conrad in Man of Medan (2019). He is the identical twin brother of actor Aaron Ashmore.", "Q547373": "Jim O'Rourke (born January 18, 1969) is an American musician and record producer. He was long associated with the Chicago experimental and improv scene. Around 2000, he relocated to New York City before moving on to Tokyo, Japan, and then, more recently, to Yamanashi, near Mount Fuji in the mountains where he currently resides. O\u2019Rourke is best known for his numerous solo and collaborative projects, many of which are entirely instrumental, and for his tenure as a member of Sonic Youth from 1999 to 2005.", "Q593644": "A chemist (from Greek ch\u0113m (\u00eda) alchemy; replacing chemist from Medieval Latin alchimista) is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms. Chemists carefully measure substance proportions, reaction rates, and other chemical properties. The word 'chemist' is also used to address Pharmacists in Commonwealth English.\nChemists use this knowledge to learn the composition and properties of unfamiliar substances, as well as to reproduce and synthesize large quantities of useful naturally occurring substances and create new artificial substances and useful processes. Chemists may specialize in any number of subdisciplines of chemistry. Materials scientists and metallurgists share much of the same education and skills with chemists. The work of chemists is often related to the work of chemical engineers, who are primarily concerned with the proper design, construction and evaluation of the most cost-effective large-scale chemical plants and work closely with industrial chemists on the development of new processes and methods for the commercial-scale manufacture of chemicals and related products.", "Q92025": "Hanns Dieter H\u00fcsch (6 May 1925, in Moers \u2013 6 December 2005, in Windeck-Werfen) was a German author, cabaret artist, actor, songwriter and radio commentator.\nWith a working life of more than 53 years on the German cabaret stage and 70 of his own programmes he was one of the most productive and successful representatives of literary cabaret in Germany in the 20th century.", "Q85559": "Johann Brotan (24 June 1843 \u2013 20 November 1918) was an Austrian mechanical engineer, specialising in locomotive construction.", "Q672416": "The Scuola Normale Superiore (commonly known in Italy as \"la Normale\") is a university institution of higher education based in Pisa and Florence, currently attended by about 600 undergraduate and postgraduate (PhD) students.\nIt was founded in 1810 with a decree by Napoleon as a branch of the \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure in Paris, with the aim of training the teachers of the Empire to educate its citizens according to educational and methodological \"norms\".\nEminent personalities from the world of science, literature and politics have studied at the Normale, among them Giosu\u00e8 Carducci, Carlo Rubbia, Enrico Fermi and Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, Giovanni Gronchi, Giovanni Gentile, Massimo D'Alema as well as Alessio Figalli, in more recent times.\nIn 2013 the Florentine site was added to the historical site in Pisa, following the inclusion of the Institute of Human Sciences in Florence (SUM).\nSince 2018 the Scuola Normale Superiore has been federated with the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies in Pisa and with the Institute for Advanced Studies of Pavia, the only other two university institutions with special status that, in the Italian panorama, offer, in accordance with standards of excellence, both undergraduate and postgraduate educational activities.\nIt ranks first in Italy in the PCP parameter of the \"Academic Ranking of World Universities\" (ARWU 2018), second among Italian universities in the \u201cTimes Higher Education World University Rankings 2019\", and first in Italy in the Teaching parameter.", "Q669750": "Cezary Maciej Ostrowski (born 30 September 1962) is a Polish composer, musician, songwriter, author, visual artist and journalist.Ostrowske was born in Brzeg, Lower Silesia. He is best known for his work as a leader of the critically acclaimed new wave band Bexa Lala, established in 1983. Before that, he had fronted the groups: Taz and Leo Patett in the early 1980s, bands renowned for their rough, and violent sound influenced by free jazz, electronica, and post-punk. In 2001, he formed the jazz duo Trzaska & Ostrowski that released the album Blades. In 2003 his another duo Swietlicki & Ostrowski released the album Crawl. Ostrowski's music is generally characterised by intensity and a wide variety of influences.\nCezary Ostrowski's work was selected for 60x60 International mix in 2005.Cezary Ostrowski lives in Pozna\u0144, Poland.", "Q476804": "Brownsville is a city in Haywood County, Tennessee, United States. It is the county seat of Haywood County, located in the western Tennessee Delta. Its population as of the 2010 census was 10,292, down from 10,748 at the 2000 census.\nThe city is named after General Jacob Jennings Brown, an American officer of the War of 1812.", "Q63962": "Ernst Sch\u00e4fer (14 March 1910 \u2013 21 July 1992) was a German explorer, hunter and zoologist in the 1930s, specializing in ornithology. His zoological explorations in Tibet served as a cover for his role in the German secret service. He was also a scientific member in the Ahnenerbe and held the rank of an SS-Sturmbannf\u00fchrer.", "Q242722": "Kelly LeBrock (born March 24, 1960) is an American-English actress and model. Her acting debut was in The Woman in Red (1984), co-starring Gene Wilder. She also starred in the films Weird Science (1985), directed by John Hughes, and Hard to Kill (1990), with Steven Seagal.", "Q96243": "Wilhelm Adolf Schmidt (26 September 1812, Berlin \u2013 10 April 1887) was a German historian.", "Q55208": "Andrei Sergeyevich Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky OZO (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432-\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; born Andrei Sergeyevich Mikhalkov; August 20, 1937) is a Soviet and Russian filmmaker, theatre director, and screenwriter. He is a laureate of the Order \"For Merit to the Fatherland\", a National Order of the Legion of Honour, an Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters, a Cavalier of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic and a People's Artist of the RSFSR. His father was the writer Sergey Mikhalkov.\nKonchalovsky's work has encompassed theatrical motion pictures, made-for-television films, and stage productions in both Russia and the United States. He was a frequent collaborator of Andrei Tarkovsky earlier in his career, and his directorial credits include Uncle Vanya, Siberiade, Maria's Lovers, Runaway Train, Tango & Cash, The Inner Circle, Assia and the Hen with the Golden Eggs, House of Fools, The Postman's White Nights, and Paradise. He also directed the miniseries adaptation of The Odyssey. His work has won numerous accolades, including the Cannes Grand Prix Sp\u00e9cial du Jury, a FIPRESCI Award, two Silver Lions, three Golden Eagle Awards, and a Primetime Emmy Award.", "Q483325": "Ellen Lee DeGeneres ( d\u0259-JEN-\u0259r-\u0259s; born January 26, 1958) is an American comedian, television host, actress, writer, and producer. She starred in the sitcom Ellen from 1994 to 1998 and has hosted her syndicated TV talk show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, since 2003.\nHer stand-up career started in the early 1980s and included a 1986 appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. As a film actress, DeGeneres starred in Mr. Wrong (1996), EDtv (1999), and The Love Letter (1999), and provided the voice of Dory in the Pixar animated films Finding Nemo (2003) and Finding Dory (2016); for Nemo, she was awarded the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress, the first time an actress won a Saturn Award for a voice performance. In 2010, she was a judge on American Idol for its ninth season.\nShe starred in two television sitcoms, Ellen from 1994 to 1998 and The Ellen Show from 2001 to 2002. During the fourth season of Ellen in 1997, she came out as a lesbian in an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show. Her character, Ellen Morgan, also came out to a therapist played by Winfrey, and the series went on to explore various LGBT issues, including the coming-out process. In 2008, she married her longtime girlfriend Portia de Rossi.\nDeGeneres has hosted the Academy Awards, Grammy Awards, and the Primetime Emmys. She has authored four books and started her own record company, Eleveneleven, as well as a production company, A Very Good Production. She also launched a lifestyle brand, ED Ellen DeGeneres, which comprises a collection of apparel, accessories, home, baby, and pet items. She has won 30 Emmys, 20 People's Choice Awards (more than any other person), and numerous other awards for her work and charitable efforts. In 2016, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom. On January 5, 2020, DeGeneres won the Golden Globes Carol Burnett Lifetime Achievement Award.", "Q983974": "Lima ( LY-m\u0259) is a city in and the county seat of Allen County, Ohio, United States. The municipality is located in northwestern Ohio along Interstate 75 approximately 72 miles (116 km) north of Dayton, 78 miles (126 km) south-southwest of Toledo, and 63 mi (101 km) east-southeast of Fort Wayne.\nAs of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 38,771. It is the principal city of and is included in the Lima, Ohio metropolitan statistical area, which is included in the Lima\u2013Van Wert\u2013Wapakoneta, OH, combined statistical area. Lima was founded in 1831.\nThe Lima Army Tank Plant, built in 1941, is the sole producer of the M1 Abrams.", "Q128543": "For other people with the name Chr\u00e9tien, see Chr\u00e9tien (disambiguation)\n\nJoseph Jacques Jean Chr\u00e9tien (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u00e3 k\u0281e.tsj\u1ebd]; born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th prime minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.\nBorn and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chr\u00e9tien is a law graduate from Universit\u00e9 Laval. He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1963. He served in various cabinet posts under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister in John Turner's short-lived government. He became leader of the Liberal Party of Canada in 1990, and led the party to a majority government in the 1993 federal election. He was reelected with further majorities in 1997 and 2000.\nChr\u00e9tien was strongly opposed to the Quebec sovereignty movement and supported official bilingualism and multiculturalism. He won a narrow victory as leader of the federalist camp in the 1995 Quebec referendum, and then pioneered the Clarity Act to avoid ambiguity in future referendum questions. He also advanced the Youth Criminal Justice Act in Parliament. Although his popularity and that of the Liberal Party were seemingly unchallenged for three consecutive federal elections, he became subject to various political controversies in the later years of his prime-ministership. He was accused of inappropriate behaviour in the Sponsorship scandal, although he has consistently denied any wrongdoing. He also became embroiled in a protracted struggle within the Liberal Party against long-time political rival Paul Martin. He resigned as prime minister in December 2003, and left public life altogether in order to spend more time with his grandchildren. In retrospective polling, Chr\u00e9tien ranks highly among scholars and the public.\n\n", "Q212115": "The LDPR \u2014 Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (Russian: \u041b\u0414\u041f\u0420 \u2014 \u041b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, Liberalno-demokratitcheska\u00efa parti\u00efa Rossii), briefly, the LDPR or Liberal Democratic Party, is a socially conservative, nationalist, economically interventionist political party in Russia led by Vladimir Zhirinovsky since its founding in 1989.\nOpposing both communism and neoliberal capitalism of the 1990s, the party scored a major success in the 1993 Russian Duma elections, receiving a plurality of votes. In the elections in 2016, the party received 13.14% of the vote, giving it 39 of the 450 seats in the State Duma.\nDespite the party's name, it is frequently described as \"neither liberal nor democratic\". The party has been described as fiscally statist within an ultranationalist authoritarian ideology. Its ideology is based primarily on Zhirinovsky's ideas of \"imperial reconquest\" (a \"renewed Russian Empire\") and on an authoritarian vision of a \"Greater Russia\".", "Q979166": "Thomas \"Bones\" Malone (born June 16, 1947) is an American jazz musician, arranger, and producer. As his nickname implies, he specializes on the trombone but also plays trumpet, tuba, saxophone, clarinet, flutes, piccolo and other instruments. He has been a member of The Blues Brothers, Saturday Night Live Band, and the CBS Orchestra, the house band for the Late Show with David Letterman.", "Q4753765": "Anders Eldrup (born October 30, 1948) is a Danish business leader who for years has been a central figure in Danish politics and business. He was previously Permanent Secretary at the Danish Ministry of Finance, and since 2001 Eldrup has taken the position as CEO. First directing the Danish oil and gas company DONG (an abbreviation for Danish Oil and Natural Gas), then from 2006 CEO of DONG Energy - the result of one of Denmark\u2019s largest mergers in history between DONG and five other Danish energy companies.", "Q129885": "Lewis Martin (November 1, 1895, in San Francisco \u2013 February 21, 1969, in Los Angeles) was an American actor.\nLewis Martin made his first Broadway appearance during 1925 in the play Lucky Sam McCarver. His career on Broadway was long and successful, he appeared in over 16 plays between 1925 and 1950. His film and television career started in 1950 with a supporting role in the Kraft Television Theatre. His first film was The Blazing Sun. He played supporting roles in films like The War of the Worlds (as Pastor Collins), The Court Jester (as Sir Finsdale) and Diary of a Madman (as Father Raymonde). Martin often played respectable figures like police officers, military men, judges or priests.\nMartin also appeared in numerous television series of the 1950s and 1960s, including Judge Libbott in four episodes of Perry Mason and Professor Henderson in three episodes of The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show. His last role was Commissioner West in two episodes of Tarzan in 1967.", "Q347128": "Clayton Holmes \"Clay\" Aiken (born Clayton Holmes Grissom; November 30, 1978) is an American singer, television personality, actor, political candidate, and activist. Aiken finished second place on the second season of American Idol in 2003, and his debut album, Measure of a Man, went multi-platinum. He released four more albums on the RCA label, Merry Christmas with Love (2004), A Thousand Different Ways (2006), the Christmas EP All is Well (2006), and On My Way Here (2008). Since then he has released two more albums, both with Decca Records: Tried and True (2010) and Steadfast (2012). Aiken has also had eleven tours in support of his albums. In all, he has sold over 5 million albums, and is the fourth-highest-selling American Idol alumnus.Aiken co-wrote a bestselling memoir in 2004, Learning to Sing. In 2004 he also had a televised Christmas special, A Clay Aiken Christmas. During much of 2008 he appeared on Broadway in the musical comedy Spamalot, in the role of Sir Robin. In 2010 he hosted the PBS special Tried & True Live!. He has also had numerous cameo and guest appearances on TV shows. In 2012 he competed in the fifth season of The Celebrity Apprentice, coming in second to Arsenio Hall.\nWith Diane Bubel, Aiken created the Bubel/Aiken Foundation in 2003, which was later renamed the National Inclusion Project. In 2004 he became a UNICEF ambassador, a position he held until 2013 when he gave it up in order to run for Congress. He traveled extensively in this role. In 2006, he was appointed for a two-year term to the Presidential Committee for People with Intellectual Disabilities.In 2014, Aiken ran for the United States House of Representatives in North Carolina's 2nd congressional district. He won the Democratic primary, but lost to Republican incumbent Renee Ellmers in the general election.", "Q87428": "Lothar Warneke (15 September 1936 \u2013 5 June 2005) was a German film director, screenwriter and actor. His 1977 film The Incorrigible Barbara was entered into the 10th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1981 film Our Short Life was entered into the 12th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1982 his film Apprehension was entered into the main competition at the 39th edition of the Venice Film Festival.In 1986 his film Blonder Tango won both the Grand Prix and the Findling Award of the 4th National Feature Film Festival of the GDR. In 1988 he again won the Findling Award, this time for his Einer trage des anderen Last. His 1988 film Bear Ye One Another's Burden was entered into the 38th Berlin International Film Festival, where co-stars Manfred M\u00f6ck and J\u00f6rg Pose won the Silver Bear for Best Actor.\n\n", "Q1386203": "Michael Jay Shuman (born August 20, 1985), also known as Mikey Shoes, is an American musician and songwriter. He is best known for playing bass with rock band Queens of the Stone Age. He also sings and plays the guitar and various other instruments in Mini Mansions, and formerly co-fronted Wires on Fire and Jubilee.", "Q1776475": "John Deere (February 7, 1804 \u2013 May 17, 1886) was an American blacksmith and manufacturer who founded Deere & Company, one of the largest and leading agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers in the world. Born in Rutland, Vermont, Deere moved to Illinois and invented the first commercially successful steel plow in 1837.", "Q75866": "Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (He\u00df in German; 26 April 1894 \u2013 17 August 1987) was a German politician and a leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of Nazi Germany. Appointed Deputy F\u00fchrer to Adolf Hitler in 1933, Hess served in that position until 1941, when he flew solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace with the United Kingdom during World War II. He was taken prisoner and eventually convicted of crimes against peace, serving a life sentence until his suicide in 1987.\nHess enlisted as an infantryman at the outbreak of World War I. He was wounded several times over the course of the war and was awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd Class in 1915. Shortly before the war ended, Hess enrolled to train as an aviator, but he saw no action in that role. He left the armed forces in December 1918 with the rank of Leutnant der Reserve. In 1919 Hess enrolled in the University of Munich, where he studied geopolitics under Karl Haushofer, a proponent of the concept of Lebensraum (\"living space\"), which became one of the pillars of Nazi ideology. Hess joined the NSDAP on 1 July 1920 and was at Hitler's side on 8 November 1923 for the Beer Hall Putsch, a failed Nazi attempt to seize control of the government of Bavaria. While serving time in jail for this attempted coup, he assisted Hitler with Mein Kampf, which became a foundation of the political platform of the NSDAP.\nAfter Hitler became Chancellor in January 1933, Hess was appointed Deputy F\u00fchrer of the NSDAP and in December 1933 he became Minister without Portfolio in Hitler's cabinet. He was also appointed in 1938 to the Cabinet Council and in 1939 to the Council of Ministers for Defense of the Reich. Hitler decreed in 1939 that Hermann G\u00f6ring was his official successor, and named Hess as next in line. In addition to appearing on Hitler's behalf at speaking engagements and rallies, Hess signed into law much of the government's legislation, including the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, which stripped the Jews of Germany of their rights in the lead-up to the Holocaust.\nOn 10 May 1941, Hess made a solo flight to Scotland, where he hoped to arrange peace talks with the Duke of Hamilton, whom he believed to be a prominent opponent of the British government's war policy. The British authorities arrested Hess immediately on his arrival and held him in custody until the end of the war, when he was returned to Germany to stand trial in the Nuremberg Trials of major war-criminals in 1946. During much of the trial, he claimed to be suffering from amnesia, but he later admitted this was a ruse. The Court convicted him of crimes against peace and of conspiracy with other German leaders to commit crimes. He served a life sentence in Spandau Prison; the Soviet Union blocked repeated attempts by family members and prominent politicians to win his early release. While still in custody in Spandau, he died by hanging himself in 1987 at the age of 93. After his death, the prison was demolished to prevent it from becoming a neo-Nazi shrine.", "Q979600": "The Coll\u00e8ge des Quatre-Nations (\"College of the Four Nations\"), also known as the Coll\u00e8ge Mazarin after its founder, was one of the colleges of the historic University of Paris. It was founded through a bequest by the Cardinal Mazarin. At his death in 1661, he also bequeathed his library, the Biblioth\u00e8que Mazarine, which he had opened to scholars since 1643, to the Coll\u00e8ge des Quatre-Nations.", "Q2622206": "Oleg Basilashvili (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0432\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438; Georgian: \u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, pronounced [\u0254l\u025bg b\u0251sil\u0251\u0283vili]; born 26 September 1934) is a well-known Soviet/Russian film and theatre actor, as well as political figure in the former Soviet Union and in the new Russia.", "Q441716": "Ren\u00e9e Bj\u00f6rling (10 July 1898 \u2013 4 March 1975) was a Swedish film actress. She was born in Lov\u00f6, Sweden and died in T\u00e4by.", "Q3276951": "Tadashi Yanai (\u67f3\u4e95 \u6b63, Yanai Tadashi, born 7 February 1949) is a Japanese billionaire businessman, the founder and president of Fast Retailing, of which Uniqlo (\"unique clothing\") is a subsidiary. In June 2019, he was ranked as the 31st richest person in the world by Forbes, and the richest man in Japan, with an estimated net worth of US$24.9 billion.", "Q98508": "Curt Ferdinand Rothenberger (30 June 1896 in Cuxhaven \u2013 1 September 1959 in Hamburg) was a German jurist and leading figure in the Nazi Party.\n\n", "Q2652939": "Larry Michael Hankin (born August 31, 1940) is an American actor, performer, director, comedian and producer. He is known for his major film roles as Charley Butts in Escape from Alcatraz (1979), Ace in Running Scared (1986), and Carl Alphonse in Billy Madison (1995). He had smaller roles as Doobie in Planes, Trains and Automobiles, Sergeant Balzak in Home Alone, Mr. Heckles in Friends and Joe in Breaking Bad.", "Q25089": "Heywood \"Woody\" Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg; November 30, 1935) is an American director, writer, actor, and comedian whose career spans more than six decades and multiple Academy Award-winning movies. He began his career as a comedy writer on Sid Caesar's comedy variety program, Your Show of Shows, working alongside Mel Brooks, Carl Reiner, Larry Gelbart and Neil Simon. He also began writing material for television, published several books featuring short stories, and writing humor pieces for The New Yorker. In the early 1960s, he performed as a stand-up comedian in Greenwich Village alongside Lenny Bruce, Elaine May, Mike Nichols, and Joan Rivers. There he developed a monologue style (rather than traditional jokes), and the persona of an insecure, intellectual, fretful nebbish, which he maintains is quite different from his real-life personality. He released multiple comedy albums during the mid to late 1960s, even earning a Grammy Award nomination for his 1964 comedy album entitled simply, Woody Allen. In 2004 Comedy Central ranked Allen fourth on a list of the 100 greatest stand-up comedians, while a UK survey ranked Allen the third-greatest comedian.By the mid-1960s, Allen was writing and directing films, first specializing in slapstick comedies such as Take the Money and Run (1969), Bananas (1971), Sleeper (1973), and Love and Death (1975), before moving into dramatic material influenced by European art cinema during the late 1970s with Interiors (1978), Manhattan (1979) and Stardust Memories (1980), and alternating between comedies and dramas to the present. His film Annie Hall (1977), a romantic comedy featuring Allen and his frequent collaborator Diane Keaton, won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Actress for Keaton. Allen is often identified as part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmakers of the mid-1960s to late 1970s such as Martin Scorsese, Robert Altman, and Sidney Lumet. He often stars in his films, typically in the persona he developed as a standup. His best-known films include Annie Hall (1977), Manhattan (1979), Hannah and Her Sisters (1986), Crimes and Misdemeanors (1989), Match Point (2005) and Midnight in Paris (2011). In 2007 he said Stardust Memories (1980), The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985), and Match Point (2005) were his best films. Critic Roger Ebert described Allen as \"a treasure of the cinema\".Allen has received many accolades and honors. He has received the most nominations for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, with 16. He has won four Academy Awards, one for Best Director, and three for Best Original Screenplay. He also garnered nine British Academy Film Awards. In 1997, Allen was awarded the BAFTA Fellowship by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. In 2014 he received the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award for Lifetime Achievement and a Tony Award nomination for Best Book of a Musical for Bullets over Broadway. The Writers Guild of America named his screenplay for Annie Hall first on its list of the \"101 Funniest Screenplays\". In 2011 PBS televised the film biography Woody Allen: A Documentary on its series American Masters.", "Q289453": "Yael Arad (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e2\u05dc \u05d0\u05e8\u05d3\u200e; born May 1, 1967) is an Israeli judoka. She was the first Israeli to win an Olympic medal. She is widely recognized as one of Israel's most successful athletes and is credited with bringing judo into the athletic mainstream.", "Q1943941": "Mona Lee Washbourne (27 November 1903 \u2013 15 November 1988) was an English actress of stage, film, and television. Her most critically acclaimed role was in the film Stevie (1978), late in her career, for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award.", "Q178412": "Giovanni Battista Amici (Italian: [d\u0292o\u02c8vanni bat\u02c8tista a\u02c8mi\u02d0t\u0283i]; 25 March 1786 \u2013 10 April 1863) was an Italian astronomer, microscopist, and botanist.\nAmici was born in Modena, in present-day Italy. After studying at Bologna, he became professor of mathematics at Modena, and in 1831 was appointed inspector-general of studies in the Duchy of Modena. A few years later he was chosen director of the observatory at Florence, where he also lectured at the museum of natural history. Amici died in Florence in 1863.\nHis name is best known for the improvements he effected in the mirrors of reflecting telescopes and especially in the construction of the microscope. He was also a diligent and skillful observer, and busied himself not only with astronomical subjects, such as the double stars, the satellites of Jupiter and the measurement of the polar and equatorial diameters of the sun, but also with biological studies of the circulation of the sap in plants, the fructification of plants, infusoria etc. He was the first to observe the pollen tube.He invented the dipleidoscope and also the direct vision prism.\nThe crater Amici on the Moon is named in his honour.", "Q177721": "Conor Alexander Maguire (22 July 1889 \u2013 26 September 1971) was an Irish politician, lawyer and judge who served as Chief Justice of Ireland from 1946 to 1961, a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1946 to 1961, President of the High Court, a Judge of the High Court from 1936 to 1946 and Attorney General of Ireland from March 1932 to November 1932. He served as a Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) for the National University of Ireland constituency from 1932 to 1936.\nMaguire was born in Castlebar, County Mayo, in 1889. He was educated at University College Dublin, where he was a founding member of the Legal and Economic Society (now known as the University College Dublin Law Society) in 1911.\nHe returned to County Mayo where he practised as a barrister and was instrumental in establishing Ireland's first working Republican Courts, which usurped the existing courts, and created a forum to try offenders, resolve grievances and adjudicate on land issues.He was first elected to D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann as a Fianna F\u00e1il TD for the National University of Ireland constituency at the 1932 general election and was re-elected at the 1933 general election. He was appointed as Attorney General of the Irish Free State in March 1932. In November 1936, he resigned as Attorney General and as a TD on his appointment as President of the High Court and a Judge of the High Court. In 1946, he was appointed as Chief Justice of Ireland, that is the president of the Supreme Court of Ireland, where he served until 1961.\n\n", "Q214202": "Hans May (11 July 1886 \u2013 31 December 1958) was an Austrian-born film composer who went into exile in Britain after the Nazis came to power in his homeland, being of Jewish descent. May composed over a hundred film scores. He wrote a musical Wedding in Paris in 1954.", "Q1507220": "George Dewey Clyde (July 21, 1898 \u2013 April 2, 1972) was an American politician and the tenth Governor of Utah, serving two terms from 1957 until 1965 as a Republican.\nAlthough Clyde was on the faculty of Utah State University for twenty two years, serving as Dean of the agricultural college's College of Engineering and Technology, he is best known for an eight-year battle with Utah school teachers that eventually resulted in the first statewide teachers strike in United States history during May 1964. He was also involved in the creation of Canyonlands National Park. He came from a prominent Latter-day Saint family in Springville, south of Provo, Utah. Clyde was the younger brother of W. W. Clyde, wealthy philanthropist and founder of W.W. Clyde Company and Geneva Rock.\nClyde received his bachelor's degree from Utah State University and a master's degree from the University of California, Berkeley.", "Q3168269": "Jean-No\u00ebl Tassez (18 March 1956 \u2013 2 October 2015) was a French journalist, mainly focusing on human affairs.\nTassez was born in Dornecy. He became a journalist for the La Marseillaise, and was later appointed president of the SOFIRAD and director of the RMC. He ran a company specializing in communication and influences: the Astorg Council. He was one of the few forces starting the Mitterrand\u2013Pasqua affair, by filing a complaint against Yves Bertrand. He was a companion of the famous actress Charlotte Rampling. He died on 2 October 2015 in the H\u00f4pital Europ\u00e9en Georges-Pompidou in Paris.", "Q1062129": "Tohoku University (\u6771\u5317\u5927\u5b66, T\u014dhoku daigaku), abbreviated to Tohokudai (\u6771\u5317\u5927, T\u014dhokudai), located in Sendai, Miyagi in the T\u014dhoku Region, Japan, is a Japanese national university. It was the third Imperial University in Japan, the top three Designated National University along with the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University and selected as a Top Type university of Top Global University Project by the Japanese government. In 2020, Times Higher Education ranked Tohoku University in the 1st place on Japan university ranking. It is considered one of the best and most prestigious institution of higher education in Asia, and one of the top fifty universities in the world.In 2016, Tohoku University had 10 faculties, 16 graduate schools and 6 research institutes, with a total enrollment of 17,885 students. The university's three core values are \"Research First (\u7814\u7a76\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e3b\u7fa9),\" \"Open-Doors (\u9580\u6238\u958b\u653e),\" and \"Practice-Oriented Research and Education (\u5b9f\u5b66\u5c0a\u91cd).\"", "Q92743": "Vinton Gray Cerf (; born June 23, 1943), also known as Vint Cerf, is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one of \"the fathers of the Internet\", sharing this title with TCP/IP co-developer Bob Kahn. He has received honorary degrees and awards that include the National Medal of Technology, the Turing Award, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Marconi Prize and membership in the National Academy of Engineering.", "Q2263": "Thomas Jeffrey Hanks (born July 9, 1956) is an American actor and filmmaker. Known for both his comedic and dramatic roles, Hanks is one of the most popular and recognizable film stars worldwide, and is widely regarded as an American cultural icon. Hanks' films have grossed more than $4.9 billion in North America and more than $9.96 billion worldwide, making him the fifth-highest-grossing actor in North America.Hanks made his breakthrough with leading roles in the comedies Splash (1984) and Big (1988). He won two consecutive Academy Awards for Best Actor for starring as a gay lawyer suffering from AIDS in Philadelphia (1993) and a young man with below-average IQ in Forrest Gump (1994). Hanks collaborated with film director Steven Spielberg on five films: Saving Private Ryan (1998), Catch Me If You Can (2002), The Terminal (2004), Bridge of Spies (2015), and The Post (2017), as well as the 2001 miniseries Band of Brothers, which launched him as a director, producer, and screenwriter.\nHanks' other notable films include the romantic comedies Sleepless in Seattle (1993) and You've Got Mail (1998); the dramas Apollo 13 (1995), The Green Mile (1999), Cast Away (2000), Road to Perdition (2002), and Cloud Atlas (2012); and the biographical dramas Saving Mr. Banks (2013), Captain Phillips (2013), Sully (2016), and A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (2019). He has also starred in the Robert Langdon film series, and has voiced Sheriff Woody in the Toy Story film series.\nHanks' accolades include two Academy Awards. He has received the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 2004. In 2014, he received a Kennedy Center Honor, and in 2016, he received a Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, as well as the French Legion of Honor.", "Q435097": "Iben Hjejle (22 March 1971) is a Danish actress, notable for starring in the Stephen Frears film High Fidelity (2000). In Denmark, she is perhaps best known for appearing in the Danish television sitcom Langt fra Las Vegas (Far from Las Vegas) and playing the girlfriend of Danish comedian Casper Christensen, her former real life partner. She also plays Christensen's girlfriend in the sitcom Klovn (Clown) and the title role in the TV crime series Dicte.", "Q188093": "James Mercer Langston Hughes (February 1, 1901 \u2013 May 22, 1967) was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. He moved to New York City as a young man, where he made his career. One of the earliest innovators of the then-new literary art form called jazz poetry, Hughes is best known as a leader of the Harlem Renaissance. He famously wrote about the period that \"the negro was in vogue\", which was later paraphrased as \"when Harlem was in vogue.\"Growing up in a series of Midwestern towns, Hughes became a prolific writer at an early age. He graduated from high school in Cleveland, Ohio and soon began studies at Columbia University in New York City. Although he dropped out, he gained notice from New York publishers, first in The Crisis magazine, and then from book publishers and became known in the creative community in Harlem. He eventually graduated from Lincoln University. In addition to poetry, Hughes wrote plays, and short stories. He also published several non-fiction works. From 1942 to 1962, as the civil rights movement was gaining traction, he wrote an in-depth weekly column in a leading black newspaper, The Chicago Defender.", "Q49147": "New Bedford is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 95,072, making it the sixth-largest city in Massachusetts. New Bedford is nicknamed \"The Whaling City\" because it was one of the world's most important whaling ports in the nineteenth century, along with Nantucket, Massachusetts and New London, Connecticut. New Bedford, Fall River and Taunton are the three largest cities in the South Coast region of Massachusetts. The city is known for its fishing fleet and accompanying seafood industry, as well as for its high concentration of Portuguese Americans.", "Q974324": "Maurice Nadeau (21 May 1911 \u2013 16 June 2013) was a French teacher, writer, literary critic, and editor. He was born in Paris. \nHe was the father of the actress Claire Nadeau and the film director Gilles Nadeau.", "Q521790": "Alisan Leigh Porter (born June 20, 1981) is an American singer, actress and dancer. As a child, Porter made acting appearances in Parenthood, Stella and I Love You to Death. Her breakout role came in 1991, when she played the lead in the film Curly Sue opposite Jim Belushi.\nAs an adult, Porter pursued roles in musical theatre, including a run in The Ten Commandments: The Musical. A solo album followed in 2009. In 2016, she auditioned for NBC's The Voice, earning a spot on Team Christina Aguilera. In May of that same year, Porter was announced the winner of season 10.", "Q57379": "Dalia Grybauskait\u0117 (Lithuanian pronunciation: \u200b[d\u0250\u02c8l\u02b2\u025b \u0261\u02b2r\u02b2i\u02d0b\u0250\u028as\u02c8k\u0250\u0302\u02d1\u026at\u02b2e\u02d0]; born 1 March 1956) is a Lithuanian politician who served as the eighth President of Lithuania from 2009 until 2019. She is the first woman to hold the position and became in 2014 the first President of Lithuania to be reelected for a second consecutive term.Grybauskait\u0117 has served as Minister of Finance, as well as European Commissioner for Financial Programming and the Budget from 2004 to 2009. She is often referred to as the \"Iron Lady\" or the \"Steel Magnolia\".", "Q334878": "Mohammad Ali (Urdu: \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u200e; April 19, 1931 \u2013 March 19, 2006) was a Pakistani actor. He was known as Shahenshah-e-Jazbaat \n(Urdu: \u0634\u06c1\u0646\u0634\u0627\u06c1\u0650 \u062c\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a\u200e), meaning The Emperor of Emotions. A highly versatile actor, he performed in historical, biographical and patriotic roles; in costume and art movies. He has starred in over 250 movies playing both heroes and villains. He is among the 25 greatest actors of Asia (all time) according to a CNN survey (On 4 March 2010).", "Q133163": "A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater including attached or enclosed beaters or rattles struck, scraped or rubbed by hand or struck against another similar instrument. The percussion family is believed to include the oldest musical instruments, following the human voice.The percussion section of an orchestra most commonly contains instruments such as the timpani, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle and tambourine. However, the section can also contain non-percussive instruments, such as whistles and sirens, or a blown conch shell. Percussive techniques can even be applied to the human body itself, as in body percussion. On the other hand, keyboard instruments, such as the celesta, are not normally part of the percussion section, but keyboard percussion instruments such as the glockenspiel and xylophone (which do not have piano keyboards) are included.\nPercussion instruments are most commonly divided into two classes: Pitched percussion instruments, which produce notes with an identifiable pitch, and unpitched percussion instruments, which produce notes or sounds in an indefinite pitch.\n\n", "Q879172": "The German Council on Foreign Relations (German: Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Ausw\u00e4rtige Politik e. V. (DGAP) is Germany's national foreign policy network. As an independent, private, non-partisan and non-profit organisation, the Council actively takes part in political decision-making and promotes the understanding of German foreign policy and international relations.\nIt serves as forum for foreign policy and facilitates a comprehensive network of political, economic and academic decision makers. The institution aims at linking foreign politicians to the German public.", "Q716190": "Li Kui (Chinese: \u674e\u609d; pinyin: L\u01d0 Ku\u012b; Wade\u2013Giles: Li K'uei, 455\u2013395 BC) was a Chinese hydraulic engineer, philosopher, and politician. He served as government minister and court advisor to Marquis Wen (r. 403\u2013387 BC) in the state of Wei. In 407 BC, he wrote the Book of Law (Fajing, \u6cd5\u7ecf), which was the basis for the codified laws of the Qin and Han dynasties.\nHis political agendas, as well as the Book of Law, had a deep influence on later thinkers such as Han Feizi and Shang Yang, who would later develop the philosophy of Legalism based on Li Kui's reforms.", "Q270790": "Dorothy Janis (February 19, 1912 \u2013 March 10, 2010) was an American silent film actress.", "Q4612": "Marie Magdalene \"Marlene\" Dietrich (, German: [ma\u0281\u02c8le\u02d0n\u0259 \u02c8di\u02d0t\u0281\u026a\u00e7]; 27 December 1901 \u2013 6 May 1992) was a German-American actress and singer. Throughout her long career, which spanned from the 1910s to the 1980s, she continually reinvented herself.In 1920s Berlin, Dietrich acted on the stage and in silent films. Her performance as Lola-Lola in The Blue Angel (1930) brought her international acclaim and a contract with Paramount Pictures. Dietrich starred in Hollywood films such as Morocco (1930), Shanghai Express (1932), and Desire (1936). She successfully traded on her glamorous persona and \"exotic\" looks, and became one of the highest-paid actresses of the era. Throughout World War II, she was a high-profile entertainer in the United States. Although she still made occasional films after the war such as Witness for the Prosecution (1957), Dietrich spent most of the 1950s to the 1970s touring the world as a marquee live-show performer.\nDietrich was known for her humanitarian efforts during the war, housing German and French exiles, providing financial support and even advocating their U.S. citizenship. For her work on improving morale on the front lines during the war, she received several honors from the United States, France, Belgium, and Israel. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Dietrich the ninth greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema.", "Q61813": "Abraham Gotthelf K\u00e4stner (27 September 1719 \u2013 20 June 1800) was a German mathematician and epigrammatist.\nHe was known in his professional life for writing textbooks and compiling encyclopedias rather than for original research. Georg Christoph Lichtenberg was one of his doctoral students, and admired the man greatly. He became most well known for his epigrammatic poems. The crater K\u00e4stner on the Moon is named after him.", "Q165325": "Kill Bill: Volume 1 is a 2003 American martial arts film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Uma Thurman as the Bride, who swears revenge on a team of assassins (Lucy Liu, Michael Madsen, Daryl Hannah, and Vivica A. Fox) and their leader, Bill (David Carradine), after they try to kill her and her unborn child. Her journey takes her to Tokyo, where she battles the yakuza.\nTarantino conceived Kill Bill as an homage to grindhouse cinema, including martial arts films, samurai cinema, blaxploitation films, and spaghetti Westerns. It features an anime sequence by Production I.G. It is the first of two Kill Bill films made in a single production; the films were originally set for a single release, but the film, with a runtime of over four hours, was divided in two. Volume 1 became Tarantino's highest-grossing film up to that point, earning over $180 million at the box office. Kill Bill: Volume 2 was released the next year, on April 16, 2004.", "Q19770": "Sichuan (\u56db\u5ddd; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan) is a landlocked province in Southwest China occupying most of the Sichuan Basin and the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north, and the Yungui Plateau to the south. Sichuan's capital city is Chengdu. The population of Sichuan stands at 81 million.\nIn antiquity, Sichuan was the home of the ancient states of Ba and Shu. Their conquest by Qin strengthened it and paved the way for the Qin Shi Huang's unification of China under the Qin dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms era, Liu Bei's Shu was based in Sichuan. The area was devastated in the 17th century by Zhang Xianzhong's rebellion and the area's subsequent Manchu conquest, but recovered to become one of China's most productive areas by the 19th century. During World War II, Chongqing served as the temporary capital of the Republic of China, making it the focus of Japanese bombing. It was one of the last mainland areas to fall to the Communists during the Chinese Civil War and was divided into four parts from 1949 to 1952, with Chongqing restored two years later. It suffered gravely during the Great Chinese Famine of 1959\u201361 but remained China's most populous province until Chongqing Municipality was again separated from it in 1997.\nThe people of Sichuan speak a unique form of Mandarin, which took shape during the area's repopulation under the Ming. The family of dialects is now spoken by about 120 million people, which would make it the 10th most spoken language in the world if counted separately. The area's warm damp climate long caused Chinese medicine to advocate spicy dishes; the native Sichuan pepper helped to form modern Sichuan cuisine, whose dishes\u2014including Kung Pao chicken and mapo tofu\u2014have become staples of Chinese cuisine around the world.", "Q68189": "Trogen is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. The town is the seat of the canton's judicial authorities.", "Q915916": "Philip Davis (born 30 July 1953) is an English actor, writer, and director.", "Q48259": "Richard Bruce Cheney (; born January 30, 1941) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 46th vice president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He has been cited as the most powerful vice president in American history. He is also one of the most unpopular politicians in the history of the US, holding an approval rating of just 13% at the time of leaving office.Born in Lincoln, Nebraska, Cheney grew up there and later in Casper, Wyoming. He attended Yale and then the University of Wyoming, at the latter of which he earned a BA and an MA in Political Science. He began his political career as an intern for Congressman William A. Steiger, eventually working his way into the White House during the Nixon and Ford administrations. He served as White House chief of staff from 1975 to 1977. In 1978, Cheney was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. He represented Wyoming's at-large congressional district from 1979 to 1989, briefly serving as House minority whip in 1989. Cheney was selected to be the secretary of defense during the presidency of George H. W. Bush, holding the position for the majority of Bush's term from 1989 to 1993. During his time in the Department of Defense, Cheney oversaw the 1991 Operation Desert Storm, among other actions. Out of office during the Clinton administration, Cheney was the Chairman and CEO of Halliburton Company from 1995 to 2000.\nIn July 2000, Cheney was chosen by presumptive Republican Presidential nominee George W. Bush as his running mate in the 2000 Presidential election. They defeated their Democratic opponents, incumbent Vice President Al Gore and Senator Joe Lieberman. In 2004 Cheney was reelected to his second term as Vice President with Bush as President, defeating their Democratic opponents Senators John Kerry and John Edwards. During Cheney's tenure as Vice President, he played a leading behind-the-scenes role in the George W. Bush administration's response to the September 11 attacks and coordination of the Global War on Terrorism. He was an early proponent of invading Iraq and defender of the Administration's anti-terrorism record. He became at odds with President Bush's position against same-sex marriage in 2004. Cheney was often criticized for the Bush Administration's policies regarding the campaign against terrorism, wiretapping by the National Security Agency (NSA) and torture.", "Q209535": "Dmitry I (Russian: \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 I (\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439), tr. Dimitry I (Perviy)) (historically known as Pseudo-Demetrius I and False Dmitry I, Russian: \u041b\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 I, tr. Lzhedmitry I) was the Tsar of Russia from 10 June 1605 until his death on 17 May 1606 under the name of Dmitry Ivanovich (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447). According to historian Chester S.L. Dunning, Dmitry was \"the only Tsar ever raised to the throne by means of a military campaign and popular uprisings\".He was the first, and most successful, of three \"pretenders\" (Russian: \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0446\u044b (sing.: \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0446), romanized: samozvanets) who claimed during the Time of Troubles to be the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible, tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich, who had supposedly escaped a 1591 assassination attempt. It is generally believed that the real Dmitry died in Uglich.", "Q2277": "The Roman Empire (Latin: Imperium R\u014dm\u0101num, Classical Latin: [\u026am\u02c8p\u025bri.\u0169\u02d0 ro\u02d0\u02c8ma\u02d0n\u0169\u02d0]; Koin\u0113 Greek: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1fec\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, romanized: Basile\u00eda t\u014dn Rh\u014dma\u00ed\u014dn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, North Africa and West Asia ruled by emperors. From the accession of Caesar Augustus to the military anarchy of the third century, it was a principate with Italy as metropole of the provinces and the city of Rome as sole capital (27 BC \u2013 286 AD). Although fragmented briefly during the military crisis, the empire was forcibly reassembled, then ruled by multiple emperors who shared rule over the Western Roman Empire (based in Milan and later in Ravenna) and over the Eastern Roman Empire (based in Nicomedia and later in Constantinople). Rome remained the nominal capital of both parts until 476 AD, when the imperial insignia were sent to Constantinople (Byzantium - Ancient Greek: \u0392\u03c5\u03b6\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, Byz\u00e1ntion), following the capture of Ravenna by the barbarians of Odoacer and the subsequent deposition of Romulus Augustus. The fall of the Western Roman Empire to Germanic kings, along with the hellenization of the Eastern Roman Empire into the Byzantine Empire, conventionally marks the end of Ancient Rome and the beginning of the Middle Ages.\nThe predecessor state of the Roman Empire, the Roman Republic (which had replaced Rome's monarchy in the 6th century BC) became severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflicts. In the mid-1st century BC Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and proscriptions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. The following year Octavian conquered Ptolemaic Egypt, ending the Hellenistic period that had begun with the conquests of Alexander the Great of Macedon in the 4th century BC. Octavian's power then became unassailable, and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title Augustus, effectively making him the first Roman emperor.\nThe first two centuries of the Empire saw a period of unprecedented stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana (\"Roman Peace\"). Rome reached its greatest territorial expanse during the reign of Trajan (98\u2013117 AD). A period of increasing trouble and decline began with the reign of Commodus (177-192). In the 3rd century the Empire underwent a crisis that threatened its existence, as the Gallic Empire and Palmyrene Empire broke away from the Roman state, and a series of short-lived emperors, often from the legions, led the empire. The empire was reunified under Aurelian (r. 270\u2013275). In an effort to stabilize it, Diocletian set up two different imperial courts in the Greek East and Latin West in 286. Christians rose to positions of power in the fourth century following the Edict of Milan of 313. Shortly after, the Migration Period, involving large invasions by Germanic peoples and by the Huns of Attila, led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire. With the fall of Ravenna to the Germanic Herulians and the deposition of Romulus Augustulus in 476 AD by Odoacer, the Western Roman Empire finally collapsed \u2013 the (Eastern Roman) Emperor Zeno formally abolished it in 480 AD. Nonetheless, some states in the territories of the former Western Roman Empire would later claim to have inherited the supreme power of the emperors of Rome, most notably the Holy Roman Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire, usually described by modern historians as the Byzantine Empire, survived for another millennium until it collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks of Sultan Mehmed II in 1453.Due to the Roman Empire's vast extent and long endurance, the institutions and culture of Rome had a profound and lasting influence on the development of language, religion, art, architecture, philosophy, law, and forms of government in the territory it governed, and far beyond. The Latin language of the Romans evolved into the Romance languages of the medieval and modern world, while Medieval Greek became the language of the Eastern Roman Empire. The Empire's adoption of Christianity led to the formation of medieval Christendom. Greek and Roman art had a profound impact on the Italian Renaissance. Rome's architectural tradition served as the basis for Romanesque, Renaissance and Neoclassical architecture, and also had a strong influence on Islamic architecture. The corpus of Roman law has its descendants in many legal systems of the world today, such as the Napoleonic Code, while Rome's republican institutions have left an enduring legacy, influencing the Italian city-state republics of the medieval period, as well as the early United States and other modern democratic republics.", "Q925619": "Grantley Evan Marshall (born 18 December 1959), also known by the stage name Daddy G, is a British DJ and a founding member of the band Massive Attack.", "Q1339181": "Your Movement (Polish: Tw\u00f3j Ruch, which can also be translated as Your Move, TR) is a social-liberal anti-clerical political party in Poland. The party was founded by Janusz Palikot, a former Civic Platform MP, in October 2010 as Palikot's Movement (Polish: Ruch Palikota, RP). The party adopted its current name and programme on 6 October 2013.", "Q79090": "Wilhelm Freiherr von Engerth (26 May 1814 \u2013 4 September 1884) was an Austrian architect and engineer, known for being the designer of the first practical mountain locomotive. For his services he was elevated in 1875 to the baronetcy.", "Q443115": "Lola Gaos (real name: Dolores Gaos Gonz\u00e1lez-Pola) (2 December 1921, in Valencia \u2013 4 July 1993, in Madrid) was a Spanish film, television and theatre actress.\nFamous with her works with Luis Bu\u00f1uel but specially the film Furtivos where she played the dominant mother.", "Q594881": "Sir William Thomas Denison (3 May 1804 \u2013 19 January 1871) was Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land from 1847 to 1855, Governor of New South Wales from 1855 to 1861, and Governor of Madras from 1861 to 1866.\nAccording to Percival Serle, Denison was a man of high character and a good administrator. In his early days in Tasmania he spoke too frankly about the colonists in communications which he regarded as confidential, and this accentuated the feeling against him as a representative of the colonial office during the anti-transportation and responsible government movements. He showed great interest in the life of the colony, and helped to foster education, science and trade, during the period when Tasmania was developing into a prosperous colony. In New South Wales his task was easier, and he had no difficulty in coping adequately with the problems that arose during the early days of responsible government in Australia.", "Q952491": "Ian Patrick McLagan (; 12 May 1945 \u2013 3 December 2014) was an English keyboard instrumentalist, best known as a member of the English rock bands Small Faces and Faces. He also collaborated with the Rolling Stones and led his own band from the late 1970s. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.", "Q247128": "Ulvila (Swedish: Ulvsby) is a town and municipality of Finland. It is one of the six medieval cities of Finland, as well as the third oldest in the country. Its position as city was taken over by Pori in the 16th century.\nIt is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Satakunta region. The municipality has a population of 13,009 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 422.51 square kilometres (163.13 sq mi) of which 21.82 km2 (8.42 sq mi) is water. The population density is 32.47 inhabitants per square kilometre (84.1/sq mi).\nThe municipality is unilingually Finnish.\nThe medieval St. Olaf's Church is dedicated to St. Olaf, who also is portrayed in the arms of the municipality.", "Q4932972": "Robert Kagle is a Director at eBay and a partner at Benchmark, a Silicon Valley venture capital firm. In addition to eBay, Kagle sits on the Board of Directors for several companies including: E-Loan, Jamba Juice, Logoworks, Mint.com, Prosper, uShip, and ZipRealty.\nKagle's investment in eBay is seen as his first\u2014and biggest\u2014success. Benchmark's $6.7 million investment in eBay \"holds the record for the best performing Silicon Valley investment ever: by the spring of 1999, this stake was worth $5 billion\". Kagle's share was $170 million, and he has served as a director for eBay since 1997.Kagle was born and raised by his mother in Flint, Michigan. Kagle began his business career working at General Motors, and received a B.S. in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering from General Motors Institute (renamed Kettering University) in 1978. He received his M.B.A. from Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1980.\nBefore his work at Benchmark, Kagle was a partner at Technology Venture Investors. Prior to his 12 years at TVI, Kagle worked for the Boston Consulting Group.", "Q240647": "Dame Jacqueline Wilson (n\u00e9e Aitken; born 17 December 1945) is an English novelist who writes for children's literature. As her children's novels frequently feature themes of adoption, divorce and mental illness, they tend to attract controversy. Four of her books appear in the BBC's The Big Read poll of the 100 most popular books in the UK, and for her lifetime contribution as a children's writer, Wilson was a UK nominee for the international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 2014.Wilson is the author of many book series. Her Tracy Beaker series, inaugurated in 1991 with The Story of Tracy Beaker, includes three sequels and has been adapted into four CBBC television series: The Story of Tracy Beaker, Tracy Beaker Returns, The Dumping Ground, and The Tracy Beaker Survival Files. As of 2019, Wilson has written 111 novels.", "Q238924": "Mary Kay Place (born September 23, 1947) is an American actress, singer, director, and screenwriter. She is known for portraying Loretta Haggers on the television series Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman, a role that won her the 1977 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Comedy Series. Her numerous film appearances include Private Benjamin (1980), The Big Chill (1983), Captain Ron (1992) and Francis Ford Coppola's 1997 drama, The Rainmaker. Place also recorded three studio albums for Columbia Records, one in the Haggers persona, which included the Top Ten country music hit \"Baby Boy.\" For her performance in Diane, Mary Kay Place won the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress and the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress.", "Q432934": "Arthur Guseni Oliver Mutambara (born 25 May 1966) is a Zimbabwean politician. He became the president of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) in February 2006. He has worked as a director and CEO of Africa Technology and Business Institute since September 2003. Under a September 2008 power-sharing agreement, Mutambara served in the government as one of two Deputy Prime Ministers from 2009 to 2013.\n\n", "Q16457": "Claudia Barainsky (born 30 September 1965) is a German operatic soprano. She has performed internationally, and won awards for her roles in contemporary operas such as Bernd Alois Zimmermann's Die Soldaten and Aribert Reimann's Medea.", "Q75872": "Georg Escherich (born 4 January 1870 in Schwandorf - died 26 August 1941 in Munich) was a German politician, representative of the Bavarian People's Party. By profession he was a forester.In 1919 he became head of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehren, anti-communist home guard groups set up by General Ludwig Maercker. The following year Escherich organised his supporters into the 'Orgesch' (from 'Organisation Escherich), an anti-Semitic paramilitary group. This new group quickly established links with the Heimwehr in Austria and gave weapons to the units commanded by Richard Steidle and Walter Pfrimer. Escherich was a close ally of Rudolf Kanzler, the leader of 'Orka', who was also close to the Heimwehr.The Orgesch was disarmed and disbanded on the orders of the Allies in 1921 as part of wider moves against the private armies that had sprouted up in Germany since the armistice. He returned in 1928 by founding a Bavarian Heimatschutz, a name also used by the Styrian Heimwehr of his ally Pfrimer, although this group was less significant due to the growth on the right of militia such as the Sturmabteilung and Der Stahlhelm, and was disbanded in 1933 when Adolf Hitler took power.", "Q212667": "Gnaeus Naevius (; c. 270 \u2013 c. 201 BC) was a Roman epic poet and dramatist of the Old Latin period. He had a notable literary career at Rome until his satiric comments delivered in comedy angered the Metellus family, one of whom was consul. After a sojourn in prison he recanted and was set free by the tribunes (who had the tribunician power, in essence the power of habeas corpus). After a second offense he was exiled to Tunisia, where he wrote his own epitaph and committed suicide. His comedies were in the genre of Palliata Comoedia, an adaptation of Greek New Comedy. A soldier in the Punic Wars, he was highly patriotic, inventing a new genre called Praetextae Fabulae, an extension of tragedy to Roman national figures or incidents, named after the Toga praetexta worn by high officials. Of his writings there survive only fragments of several poems preserved in the citations of late ancient grammarians (Charisius, Aelius Donatus, Sextus Pompeius Festus, Aulus Gellius, Isidorus Hispalensis, Macrobius, Nonius Marcellus, Priscian, Marcus Terentius Varro).", "Q545216": "John Glen (born 15 May 1932) is an English film director, film editor, and author. He is best known for his directorial and editing work on eight James Bond films from the 1960s to the 1980s.", "Q458253": "Phillip Jackson (September 28, 1951 \u2013 October 30, 2009), best known as Norton Buffalo, was an American singer-songwriter, country and blues harmonica player, record producer, bandleader and recording artist who was a versatile exponent of the harmonica, including chromatic and diatonic.", "Q457160": "Anthony \"Top\" Topham (born 3 July 1947, Southall, Middlesex) is an English musician and artist. He is best known as a blues guitarist and also for being the first lead guitarist of The Yardbirds. Topham left the band before they achieved mainstream popularity and was replaced by Eric Clapton, the first of three lead guitarists from the Yardbirds to gain an international reputation (the other two being Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page).\nAside from his musical career, Topham also works as an interior designer and painter.", "Q214216": "Hanoch Albeck (Hebrew: \u05d7\u05e0\u05d5\u05da \u05d0\u05dc\u05d1\u05e7) (August 7, 1890 - January 9, 1972) was a professor of Talmud at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel. He was one of the foremost scholars of the Mishna in his time and he was one of the founders of the scientific approach to the study of the Mishna.\nHanoch's father Shalom Albeck, known as the Talmudic scholar, was the editor of a number of works by \nRishonim including Raavan, Meiri on tractate Yevamot, and HaEshkol by Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne. Hanoch studied at the Vienna rabbinical academy and he received rabbinical ordination in 1915. In 1921 he received a degree from the University of Vienna. Between 1926 and 1936 Albeck taught in the Hochschule f\u00fcr die Wissenschaft des Judentums in Berlin. In 1935 he emigrated to Mandatory Palestine where he was immediately appointed as professor and head of the Talmud department at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, a position he held for 25 years.\nAlbeck, who was a religiously observant Jew, published a number of books in Hebrew and German on rabbinical literature, including \"Introduction to the Mishna\", \"Studies in Baraita and Tosephta\", \"Introduction to the Talmuds\", and others. In addition, he published numerous articles in the journal Tarbiz.\nProfessor Albeck also wrote a simple and concise commentary on the Mishna, appending longer footnotes at the ends of each volume. Pinchas Kehati sometimes quotes this work in his own commentary on the Mishna. While the vocalization (niqqud) received special attention in Albeck's edition, the text did not merit such attention, and therefore Albeck's Mishna is not a fully scientific version of the latter. Albeck's version was written as a continuation and expansion of the uncompleted earlier work of Hayyim Nahman Bialik.\nAlbeck's teachers include: David Zvi Miller and Avigdor Optowitzer. His students include: the Talmudic scholar Avraham Goldberg and Abraham Joshua Heschel (one of the foremost Jewish thinkers in the 20th century).\nAlbeck married Hendel Weiss (the sister of Abraham Weiss), and the two had three children. Two of his children are Professor Michael Albeck, a lecturer in organic chemistry, and Professor Shalom Albeck, a lecturer in Jewish law (and the husband of advocate Pliah Albeck), both at Bar Ilan University. His grandson is Amnon Albeck a Professor of Chemistry and University\u2019s Vice-Rector at Bar-Ilan University. Albeck's son in law, Yoseph Aryeh Bachrach, was killed in the Israeli War of Independence in the battle for Jerusalem, leaving behind a wife and two children.", "Q9322": "Deutsche Bahn AG (IPA: [\u02c8d\u0254\u028ft\u0283\u0259 ba\u02d0n]; abbreviated as DB or DB AG) is a German railway company. Headquartered in Berlin, it is a private joint-stock company (AG), with the Federal Republic of Germany being its single shareholder.Deutsche Bahn describes itself as the second-largest transport company in the world, after the German postal and logistics company Deutsche Post / DHL, and is the largest railway operator and infrastructure owner in Europe. Deutsche Bahn was the largest railway company in the world by revenue in 2015. It carries about two billion passengers annually.\nThe group is divided into several companies, including DB Fernverkehr (long-distance passenger), DB Regio (local passenger services) and DB Cargo (rail freight). The Group subsidiary DB Netz also operates large parts of the German railway infrastructure and thus the largest rail network in Europe.\nIn rail transport, the company generates about half of its total revenue. The other half of the operating business comprises the further transport and logistics business as well as various service providers. The company generates part of its sales through public transport contracts; support will also be provided for maintenance and expansion of the infrastructure.\nPassenger transport companies carried around 4.4 billion passengers in 2016 with their trains and buses. In 2016 DB logistics companies transported 277 million tons of goods in rail freight transport.", "Q3060153": "Eug\u00e8ne Rimmel (1820\u20131887) was a French-born British perfumer and businessman, responsible for manufacturing and marketing some of the earliest commercially made cosmetics.", "Q86722": "Hans Fischb\u00f6ck (24 January 1895 \u2013 3 July 1967) was an Austrian banker who was the economics minister and minister of finance of Austria and the finance minister of Nazi occupied Holland.\nHe was born in Geras, Austria and studied in Vienna. From 1915 to 1918 he served in the Austro-Hungarian Army and was deployed to the front in the South of the County of Tyrol. After the First World War, in 1919 he gained a doctorate in Vienna and then worked in the Austrian banking system.\nIn March 1938, after the Anschluss of Austria by Germany, Fischb\u00f6ck was appointed economics minister and in May 1938 he was appointed Minister of finance and took measures for the expropriation of Jewish property. After the invasion of the Netherlands, Arthur Seyss-Inquart appointed him minister of finance of the occupied Netherlands and he served in this capacity from 1940-1945. From March 1941 he was involved in the expropriation of Jewish property and sending forced laborers to Germany to work in the arms industry.\nAfter the German capitulation Fischb\u00f6ck managed with help from the organization ODESSA to escape to Argentina. In Austria, a prosecution was brought against him but a conviction was not secured and in 1957 his acts fell under an amnesty. In 1958 he returned to Europe and he died in Marburg, Germany in 1967.", "Q1387109": "Karl Johansson was a Latvian-Soviet avant-garde artist born on January 16, 1890, in C\u0113sis, Latvia, as \"K\u0101rlis Johansons\" in his native Latvian (in Russian as \"Karl Voldemarovich Ioganson\" (\u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b \u0412\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0418\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043d) or in German as \"Karl Ioganson\") and he died on October 18, 1929, in Moscow, USSR.\nIn 1914 he joined the \"Green Flower\" (in Latvian: \"Za\u013c\u0101 pu\u0137e\", in Russian: \"\u0417\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a\") association of avant-garde artists (besides Johansons, there were also Aleksandrs Dr\u0113vi\u0146\u0161, Voldem\u0101rs Tone (lv) and Konr\u0101ds Ub\u0101ns. Through the era of the Russian Revolution he lived in Moscow where he was involved in the Russian constructivist movement. In 1921, \"self-tensile constructions\" were exhibited, which became globally known as \"tensegrity\" in the 1950s as the topical concept was popularized by Buckminster Fuller and sculptor Kenneth Snelson's work.", "Q213579": "Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (German: [\u02c8\u025b\u0281nst \u02c8flo\u02d0\u0281\u025bns \u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0d\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8kladn\u026a]; 30 November 1756 \u2013 3 April 1827) was a German physicist and musician. His most important work, for which he is sometimes labeled the father of acoustics, included research on vibrating plates and the calculation of the speed of sound for different gases. He also undertook pioneering work in the study of meteorites and is regarded by some as the father of meteoritics.", "Q34190": "Henry Fielding (22 April 1707 \u2013 8 October 1754) was an English novelist and dramatist known for his earthy humour and satire, and as the author of the comic novel Tom Jones. He also holds a place in the history of law enforcement, having used his authority as a magistrate to found the Bow Street Runners, which some have called London's first police force.", "Q167526": "Mohammad Qasim Fahim (Pashto/Dari: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u200e), also known as \"Marshal Fahim\"; 1957 \u2013 9 March 2014) was a politician in Afghanistan who served as Vice President from June 2002 until December 2004 and from November 2009 until his death. Between September 2001 and December 2004, he also served as Defense Minister under the Afghan Transitional Administration.\nAs military commander of the Northern Alliance, Fahim captured the Afghan capital Kabul in the fall of 2001 from the Taliban government. In 2004, President Hamid Karzai provided Fahim the honorary title Marshal and a year later, he became member of the House of Elders. He later became a recipient of the Ahmad Shah Baba Medal. Fahim was a member of Afghanistan's Tajik ethnic group. He was affiliated with the Jamiat Islami (Shura-e Nazar) party of Afghanistan.", "Q296567": "Jeffrey Dunham (born April 18, 1962) is an American ventriloquist, stand-up comedian and actor who has also appeared on numerous television shows, including Late Show with David Letterman, Comedy Central Presents, The Tonight Show and Sonny With a Chance. He has six specials that run on Comedy Central: Jeff Dunham: Arguing with Myself, Jeff Dunham: Spark of Insanity, Jeff Dunham's Very Special Christmas Special, Jeff Dunham: Controlled Chaos, Jeff Dunham: Minding the Monsters, and Jeff Dunham: All Over the Map. Dunham also starred in The Jeff Dunham Show, a series on the network in 2009.His style has been described as \"a dressed-down, more digestible version of Don Rickles with multiple personality disorder\". Time described his characters as \"politically incorrect, gratuitously insulting and ill tempered.\" Dunham has been credited with reviving ventriloquism and doing more to promote the art form than anyone since Edgar Bergen.Dunham has been called \"America's favorite comedian\" by Slate. According to the concert industry publication Pollstar, he is the top-grossing standup act in North America and among the most successful acts in Europe as well. As of November 2009, he has sold over four million DVDs, an additional $7 million in merchandise sales, and received more than 350 million hits on YouTube as of October 2009; his introduction of Achmed the Dead Terrorist in Spark of Insanity was ranked as the ninth most watched YouTube video at the time. A Very Special Christmas Special was the most-watched telecast in Comedy Central history, with the DVD selling over 400,000 copies in its first two weeks. Forbes ranked Dunham as the third highest-paid comedian in the United States behind Jerry Seinfeld and Chris Rock and reported that he was one of the highest-earning comics from June 2008 to June 2009, earning approximately $30 million during that period. Dunham also does occasional acting roles. He achieved the Guinness Book of World Records record for \"Most tickets sold for a stand-up comedy tour\" for his Spark of Insanity tour, performing in 386 venues worldwide.\n\n", "Q2895857": "Guy Louis Gabaldon (March 22, 1926 \u2013 August 31, 2006) was a United States Marine who, at age 18, captured or persuaded to surrender over 1,300 Japanese soldiers and civilians during the battles for Saipan and Tinian islands in 1944 during World War II. Though Gabaldon was recommended for the Medal of Honor, he received the Silver Star, which was upgraded by the Marine Corps to the Navy Cross in 1960.\nIn 1960, a friend of Gabaldon's with Hollywood connections influenced the industry to make a movie about Gabaldon's version of events on Saipan called Hell to Eternity. He was called 'Gabby' by his friends, but he became known as \"The Pied Piper of Saipan\" for his heroism on that island. In 1964, he unsuccessfully ran for US Congressman in his Southern California district. In 1990, he authored a book entitled, Saipan: Suicide Island.\n\n", "Q204005": "Deborah Ann Ryan (born May 13, 1993) is an American actress and singer. Ryan started acting in professional theatres at the age of seven, and was later discovered in a nationwide search by Disney Channel. From 2008 to 2011, she starred as Bailey Pickett on The Suite Life on Deck and appeared in the 2010 Disney Channel Original Movie 16 Wishes as Abby Jensen, which was the most watched cable program the day of its premiere. Ryan also appeared in the 2010 independent theatrical film What If... as Kim Walker.\nFrom 2011 to 2015, Ryan starred as the titular character on the Disney Channel television series Jessie, and appeared in the 2012 television film Radio Rebel as Tara Adams. Recently, she starred as Patty Bladell on the Netflix series Insatiable. Ryan gained prominence in music by contributing vocals to the soundtracks of her Disney projects and later formed the band The Never Ending in 2013, and toured with them as an opening act for the North American leg of Fifth Harmony's Reflection Tour in 2015.", "Q299132": "Hakeem Seriki (born November 28, 1979), better known by his stage name Chamillionaire (), is an American rapper, entrepreneur, and investor from Houston, Texas. He began his career independently with local releases in 2002, including the collaborative album Get Ya Mind Correct with fellow Houston rapper and childhood friend Paul Wall. He signed to Universal Records in 2005 and released The Sound of Revenge under Universal. It included hit singles \"Turn It Up\" featuring Lil' Flip and the number-one, Grammy-winning hit \"Ridin'\" featuring Krayzie Bone of Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. Ultimate Victory followed in 2007, which was notable for not containing any profanity. Chamillionaire is also known for his most anticipated Mixtape Messiah series, which ran from 2004 until 2009.He currently serves as the CEO of Chamillitary Entertainment. Chamillionaire was also the founder and an original member of the Color Changin' Click until the group split in 2005.\nIn early 2011, he left Universal Records, which led to his would-be third album, Venom, going unreleased. Chamillionaire released his first independent extended play Ammunition in March 2012 and was noted as his first major release since he left the label. Another EP, Elevate, was released on February 17, 2013. He said it is going to be one of several to be released before his third studio album, and shortly after his third EP Reignfall was released on July 23, 2013. He is working on his third studio album, Poison.Chamillionaire joined Los Angeles-based venture capital firm Upfront Ventures in early 2015 and has been focusing on his entrepreneurial career over his musical career since.", "Q8982": "London City Airport (IATA: LCY, ICAO: EGLC) is an international airport in London, England. It is located in the Royal Docks in the London Borough of Newham, approximately 7 miles (11 km) east of the City of London and a shorter distance east of Canary Wharf. These are the twin centres of London's financial industry, which is a major user of the airport. The airport was developed by the engineering company Mowlem in 1986\u201387. In 2016 it was bought by a Canadian-led consortium of Alberta Investment Management Corporation (AIMCo), OMERS, the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan and Wren House Infrastructure Management of the Kuwait Investment Authority.London City Airport has a single 1,500-metre (4,900 ft) long runway, and a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P728) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flight training (but only for training necessary for the operation of aircraft at the airport). Only multi-engine, fixed-wing aircraft with special aircraft and aircrew certification to fly 5.5\u00b0 approaches are allowed to conduct operations at London City Airport. The largest aircraft which can be used at the airport is the Airbus A318, which has been modified with a \"steep approach function\".London City had over 4.5 million passenger movements in 2017. It is the fifth-busiest airport by passengers and aircraft movements serving the London area\u2014after Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted and Luton\u2014and was the 14th-busiest in the UK in 2017. In 2019 the airport handled over 5 million passengers.", "Q89377": "Harald Philipp (1921\u20131999) was a German film director, screenwriter and actor.\n\n", "Q178360": "Henry Adams Bullard (September 9, 1788 \u2013 April 17, 1851) was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives representing the state of Louisiana. He served two terms as a Democrat and one as a Whig.\nBullard was born in Pepperell, Massachusetts, graduated from Harvard, and studied law in Boston and Philadelphia. In Louisiana, he resided in Natchitoches, where he practiced law, and in Alexandria, as well as in New Orleans.\nHe accompanied General Jos\u00e9 \u00c1lvarez de Toledo y Dubois on his military expedition into Spanish Texas in 1813. He was later elected as an anti-Jacksonian to the 22nd and 23rd Congresses, resigned in 1834, and later served as a Whig in the 31st Congress.\nHenry A. Bullard was also a justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court (1834\u201339), Secretary of State of Louisiana (1838\u201339), a professor of civil law at the new University of Louisiana Law School (1847), and served in the Louisiana House of Representatives (1850). He died in New Orleans and was interred at the Girod Street Cemetery.", "Q307518": "The \u00d6tztal Alps (Italian: Alpi Venoste, German: \u00d6tztaler Alpen) are a mountain range in the Central Eastern Alps, in the State of Tyrol in southern Austria and the Province of South Tyrol in northern Italy.", "Q108687": "Helga K\u00f6nigsdorf (13 July 1938 \u2013 4 May 2014) was an East German author and physicist.", "Q815916": "Bellerofonte Castaldi (1580 \u2013 27 September 1649) was an Italian composer, poet and lutenist.Castaldi was born in Collegara, near Modena. He wrote male parts in his songs for tenors as he was opposed to the practice of castrati or male falsettists singing female parts in cantatas. In the preface to his collection, Primo mazzetto he writes that it is \"laughable that a man with the voice of a woman should set about proposing to his mistress\".He died in Modena in 1649.", "Q360583": "Lai Man-Wai (Chinese: \u9ece\u6c11\u5049; pinyin: Li Minwei; 1893\u20131953), also romanised as Lay Min Wei or M.W. Ray, considered the \"Father of Hong Kong Cinema\", was the director of the first Hong Kong film Zhuangzi Tests His Wife in 1913. In the film, Lai played the role of the wife, partly due to the reluctance of women to participate in show business at the time.", "Q212101": "The Social Democrats (Danish: Socialdemokraterne, pronounced [so\u02c8\u0255\u025b\u02c0lte\u031dmo\u02cck\u02b0\u0281\u0251\u02c0t\u0250n\u0259]), officially the Social Democratic Party or simply Social Democracy (Danish: Socialdemokratiet, pronounced [so\u02c8\u0255\u025b\u02c0lte\u031dmok\u02b0\u0281\u0251\u02ccts\u02b0i\u02c0\u00f0\u0329]), is a social-democratic political party in Denmark.Founded by Louis Pio in 1871, the party first entered the Folketing in the 1884 elections. By the early 20th century, it had become the party with the largest representation in the Folketing, a distinction it would hold for 77 years. It first formed a government after the 1924 elections under Thorvald Stauning, the longest-serving Danish Prime Minister of the 20th century. During Stauning's government which lasted until the 1926 elections, the Social Democrats exerted a profound influence on Danish society, laying the foundation of the Danish welfare state. From 2002 to 2016, the party used the name Socialdemokraterne in some contexts.The party was the major coalition partner in government from the 2011 elections, with then-party leader Helle Thorning-Schmidt as Prime Minister. After the 2015 elections, the party was no longer in government, although it regained the position as the largest party in the Danish parliament, the Folketing, with 47 of 179 seats. Thorning-Schmidt withdrew as party leader on the night of the election as a direct consequence of the loss of government control and she was succeeded on 28 June 2015 by the former vice leader Mette Frederiksen, who shifted the party back to the left on economics while criticising mass immigration.A member of the Party of European Socialists, the Social Democrats have three MEPs in the European Parliament.", "Q90626": "Julius von Voss (24 August 1768, Brandenburg an der Havel, Prussia \u2013 1 November 1832 Berlin) was a German author.", "Q229197": "Lisa Edelstein (; born May 21, 1966)\nis an American actress and playwright. Edelstein is known for playing Dr. Lisa Cuddy on the Fox medical drama series House. Between 2014 and 2018, she starred as Abby McCarthy in the Bravo series Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce.", "Q593888": "Peredelkino (Russian: \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043b\u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e, IPA: [p\u02b2\u026ar\u02b2\u026a\u02c8d\u02b2elk\u02b2\u026an\u0259]) is a dacha complex situated just to the southwest of Moscow, Russia.", "Q154852": "Till Lindemann (German pronunciation: [t\u026al \u02c8l\u026and\u0259man]; born 4 January 1962) is a German singer, songwriter, musician, actor, and poet. He is best known as the lead vocalist and lyricist of the Neue Deutsche H\u00e4rte band Rammstein and the German-Swedish duo Lindemann. \nRammstein have sold over 45 million records worldwide, with five of their albums receiving platinum status, and Lindemann has been listed among the \"50 Greatest Metal Frontmen of All Time\" by Roadrunner Records. He has appeared in minor roles in films and has also published two books of poetry, Messer (Knife) in 2002 and In stillen N\u00e4chten (In Silent Nights) in 2013. He has presented some of his original poems and scripts to galleries.", "Q2309274": "Abbas Bayat (Persian: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u200e, born 14 July 1947 in Tehran) was an Iranian businessman. He was the chairman of Belgian football club Charleroi.", "Q537680": "Eric Radcliffe (often credited as E.C. Radcliffe) is a recording engineer and producer who worked with new wave and synthpop bands in the early 1980s in Basildon, England. He later became owner of Blackwing Studios.", "Q188939": "Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (Spanish pronunciation: [e\u02c8mi.ljo a.\u0263i\u02c8nal.do]: March 22, 1869 \u2013 February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, politician and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines (1899\u20131901) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia. He led Philippine forces first against Spain in the latter part of the Philippine Revolution (1896\u20131898), and then in the Spanish\u2013American War (1898), and finally against the United States during the Philippine\u2013American War (1899\u20131901).\nIn 1935, Aguinaldo ran unsuccessfully for president of the Philippine Commonwealth against Manuel Quezon. He was also one of the Filipino historical figures to be recommended as a national hero of the Philippines.", "Q82222": "Richard Wayne Penniman (born December 5, 1932), better known as Little Richard, is an American singer, songwriter, and musician. An influential figure in popular music and culture for seven decades, Richard's most celebrated work dates from the mid-1950s, when his dynamic music and charismatic showmanship laid the foundation for rock and roll. Characterized by his frenetic piano playing and raspy singing voice, Richard's music also played a key role in the formation of other popular music genres, including soul and funk. He influenced numerous singers and musicians across musical genres from rock to hip hop; his music helped shape rhythm and blues for generations to come, and his performances and headline-making thrust his career right into the mix of American popular music.\n\"Tutti Frutti\" (1955), one of Richard's signature songs, became an instant hit, reaching No. 2 on Billboard Rhythm and Blues Best-Sellers chart and crossing over to the pop charts in both the United States and overseas in the United Kingdom. It reached No. 21 on the US Billboard Top 100 and No. 29 on the UK singles chart. Richard's next hit single, \"Long Tall Sally\" (1956), hit No. 1 on the Billboard Rhythm and Blues Best-Sellers chart and No. 13 on the Billboard Top 100 while reaching the top ten in the UK. Following his success, Richard built up his backup band, The Upsetters, with the addition of saxophonists Clifford \"Gene\" Burks and leader Grady Gaines, bassist Olsie \"Baysee\" Robinson and guitarist Nathaniel \"Buster\" Douglas. Richard's critically acclaimed debut album Here's Little Richard (1957) peaked at No. 13 on the Billboard Top LPs chart.In 1962, concert promoter Don Arden persuaded Little Richard to tour Europe after telling him his records were still selling well there even though they were not in the US. Having heard of Richard's European tour, Brian Epstein, manager of The Beatles, asked Arden to allow the band to open for Richard on some tour dates, to which he agreed. The first show for which the Beatles opened was at New Brighton's Tower Ballroom that October. During this time, Richard advised the group on how to perform his songs and taught Paul McCartney his distinctive vocalizations. In the fall of 1963, Richard agreed to rescue a sagging tour featuring The Everly Brothers, Bo Diddley and The Rolling Stones. At the end of that tour, Richard was given his own TV special for Granada Television titled The Little Richard Spectacular.Richard has been honored by many institutions. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of its first group of inductees in 1986. He was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He is the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Recording Academy and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. In 2015, Richard received a Rhapsody & Rhythm Award from the National Museum of African American Music for his key role in the formation of popular music genres and helping to bring an end to the racial divide on the music charts and in concert in the mid-1950s changing American culture significantly. \"Tutti Frutti\" was included in the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress in 2010, which stated that his \"unique vocalizing over the irresistible beat announced a new era in music\".", "Q3863230": "White Death is the fourth book in the NUMA Files series of books co-written by best-selling author Clive Cussler and Paul Kemprecos, and was published in 2003. The main character of this series is Kurt Austin.", "Q41269": "Antoine Henri Becquerel (; French: [\u0251\u0303\u0281i b\u025bk\u0281\u025bl]; 15 December 1852 \u2013 25 August 1908) was a French engineer, physicist, scientist, Nobel laureate, and the first person to discover evidence of radioactivity. For work in this field he, along with Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie (Marie Curie) and Pierre Curie, received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. The SI unit for radioactivity, the becquerel (Bq), is named after him.\n\n", "Q59426": "Heading South (French: Vers le sud) is a 2005 French-Canadian drama film directed by Laurent Cantet and based on three short stories by Dany Laferri\u00e8re. It depicts the experiences of three middle-aged white women in the late 1970s, traveling to Haiti for the purposes of sexual tourism with young men. Their adventures (as seen in their eyes) are juxtaposed with class issues and the deteriorating political climate of Haiti at the time. The women demonstrate different attitudes to the complex situation.", "Q1900449": "Mark Stewart (born 1960) is an English musician and founding member of The Pop Group. A pioneer of post-punk and industrial hip-hop, he has recorded for On-U Sound Records and Mute Records.", "Q71625": "Karl Friedrich Geldner (17 December 1852 \u2013 5 February 1929) was a German linguist best known for his analysis and synthesis of Avestan and Vedic Sanskrit texts.", "Q817456": "Benjamin Edward Russell (October 5, 1845 \u2013 December 4, 1909) was a U.S. Representative from Georgia, cousin of Rienzi Melville Johnston.", "Q67047": "Otmar Issing (born 27 March 1936 in W\u00fcrzburg) is a German economist who has been serving as President of the Center for Financial Studies since 2006. As the former Chief Economist and Member of the Board of the European Central Bank (ECB) Issing developed the 'two pillar' approach to monetary policy decision-making that the ECB has adopted.\n\n", "Q1194456": "Roc Nation, LLC Is an American entertainment agency founded by Jay-Z in 2008. The company has offices in New York City, London, Nashville, and Los Angeles. The full-service entertainment company houses a record label, talent agency, touring and concert production company, music, film, philanthropy, other business activities & new ventures.", "Q142567": "Jack Northman Anderson (October 19, 1922 \u2013 December 17, 2005) was an American newspaper columnist, syndicated by United Features Syndicate, considered one of the fathers of modern investigative journalism. Anderson won the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting for his investigation on secret American policy decision-making between the United States and Pakistan during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. In addition to his newspaper career, Anderson also had a national radio show on the Mutual Broadcasting System, acted as Washington bureau chief of Parade magazine, and was a commentator on ABC-TV's Good Morning America for nine years.Among his expos\u00e9s was reporting the Nixon administration's investigation and harassment of John Lennon during its fight to deport Lennon, the continuing activities of fugitive Nazi officials in South America, and the savings and loan crisis. He revealed the history of a CIA plot to assassinate Fidel Castro and was credited for breaking the story of the Iran\u2013Contra affair under President Reagan. He said that the scoop was \"spiked\" because the story had become too close to President Ronald Reagan.", "Q268322": "Jacques \u00c9lie Henri Ambroise Ner (7 December 1861 \u2013 6 February 1938), also known by the pseudonym Han Ryner, was a French individualist anarchist philosopher and activist and a novelist. He wrote for publications such as L'Art social, L'Humanit\u00e9 nouvelle, L'Ennemi du Peuple, L'Id\u00e9e Libre de Lorulot; and L'En dehors and L'Unique of fellow anarchist individualist \u00c9mile Armand. His thought is mainly influenced by stoicism and epicureanism.", "Q65888": "Rudolf Baumbach (28 September 1840 \u2013 21 September 1905) was a German poet.", "Q346975": "Jonathan Adair Turner, Baron Turner of Ecchinswell (born 5 October 1955) is a British businessman and academic and was Chairman of the Financial Services Authority until its abolition in March 2013. He is a former Chairman of the Pensions Commission and the Committee on Climate Change, as well as a former Director-General of the Confederation of British Industry. He has described himself in a BBC HARDtalk interview with Stephen Sackur as a 'technocrat'. He is a vocal advocate of the so-called \"helicopter money\" idea whereby central banks would directly finance government spending or cash distribution to citizens. Since 2010, he has written monthly opinion columns on economic and regulatory policy for Project Syndicate.", "Q383397": "Eddie Hinton (15 June 1944 \u2013 28 July 1995) was an American songwriter and session musician best known for his work with soul music and R&B singers. He played lead guitar for Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section from 1967 to 1971 and after leaving the band, he was replaced by Pete Carr as lead guitarist.Hinton was born in Jacksonville, Florida, on June 15, 1944, to Laura Deanie and Horton C. Hinton. Hinton's parents divorced in 1949, and he and his mother moved to Tuscaloosa, Alabama, where his mother later remarried.\nHe formed the Five Minutes, also known as Five Men-Its, who quickly garnered regional recognition. Two of the members of the group, drummer Johnny Sandlin and keyboardist Paul Hornsby, would join Duane and Gregg Allman in the Hour Glass and later go on to success as record producers. Hinton, Sandlin and Hornsby all spent time working as session players in Muscle Shoals. Hornsby and Sandlin worked at Rick Hall's FAME Studios (Florence Alabama Music Enterprises) and from there went to Capricorn Records in Macon, Ga. Hinton had joined some former FAME players known as the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section (or \"the Swampers\") who split off from Hall and started their own studio, Muscle Shoals Sound, in Sheffield. Hinton was replaced at MSS by Wayne Perkins.\nAs a session guitarist in Muscle Shoals, Hinton played on hit records recorded by Wilson Pickett, Arthur Conley, Aretha Franklin, Joe Tex, Solomon Burke, Percy Sledge, The Staple Singers, The Dells, Bonnie Bramlett, Paul Kelly, Johnny Taylor, Elvis Presley, The Box Tops, R. B. Greaves, Boz Scaggs, Evie Sands, Looking Glass, Toots Hibbert and Otis Redding.\nHinton was a songwriter in his own right as well. His most well known song is \"Breakfast in Bed\" which has been recorded many times, most notably by Dusty Springfield and by UB40 with Chrissie Hynde. He also co-wrote \"It's All Wrong But It's All Right\" sung by Laura Lee. Willy Deville recorded his song \"Help Me To Make It (Power of a Woman's Love)\" on his album Coup de Gr\u00e2ce.", "Q552583": "Kinoshita Naoe (\u6728\u4e0b \u5c1a\u6c5f, Kinoshita Naoe, 12 October 1869 \u2013 5 November 1937) was a Japanese Christian socialist activist and author.", "Q705477": "Steven Bauer (born December 2, 1956) is a Cuban-American actor. Bauer began his career on PBS, portraying Joe Pe\u00f1a, the son of Cuban immigrants on \u00bfQu\u00e9 Pasa, USA? (1977\u20131980) and is perhaps most famous for his role as the Cuban drug lord Manny Ribera in the 1983 crime drama Scarface, in which he starred alongside Al Pacino and Michelle Pfeiffer. He also played the drug cartel leader Eladio Vuente in Breaking Bad and as the retired Mossad agent Avi Rudin in Ray Donovan (2013\u2013present).", "Q120484": "Fair Game is a 1995 American action film directed by Andrew Sipes. It stars Cindy Crawford as family law attorney Kate McQuean and William Baldwin as Max Kirkpatrick, a Florida police officer. Kirkpatrick ends up on the run to protect McQuean when she is targeted for murder by ex-members of the KGB with interests in a ship owned by a Cuban man who may lose it in a divorce case being pursued by McQuean.\nThe film is based on Paula Gosling's novel of the same title, which was previously adapted into the 1986 Sylvester Stallone film Cobra.\nLocations used for the film included Coral Gables, Florida, Miami Beach, and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.\nFair Game was panned by critics, and is a box office bomb.", "Q368450": "Marisol del Olmo (Spanish pronunciation: [ma\u027ei\u02c8sol \u00f0el \u02c8olmo]) is a Mexican telenovela actress.", "Q1315682": "Jack T. Perciful (November 26, 1925, Moscow, Idaho - March 13, 2008, Olympia, Washington) was an American jazz pianist.\nPerciful learned piano from an early age; his mother was a pianist who played in silent movie houses. After enlisting in the United States Army, he was stationed in Japan, where he played in a military band during 1945-1946. Following his tour of duty, he enrolled at the University of Idaho, obtaining his bachelor's in 1951; following this he played with local ensembles in Los Angeles and Las Vegas. He is best known for his long-term association with Harry James, playing with James from 1957 to 1974 both on record and in tour and festival performances. Other associations include work with Charlie Barnet, Corky Corcoran, and Red Kelly.", "Q119205": "Friedrich Strindberg, also Friedrich Strindberg-Wedekind, pseudonym Fredrik Uhlson, (21 August 1897 in Wienna \u2013 30 March 1978 in Italy) was a Swedish-German journalist and author.\nHe was the second son of Frida Uhl, Frank Wedekind was his biological father. His mother was at the time still married to August Strindberg at the time, who juridically accepted the boy as his son.", "Q2663919": "John J., Baron Goossens (25 November 1944 - 8 November 2002) was a Belgian businessman. He was the Chief Executive Officer of Belgacom and lead the Royal Automobile Club of Belgium. He was made a Baron by H.M. King Albert II in 1999.", "Q581903": "Marcus M\u00f8ller Thrane (14 October 1817 \u2013 30 April 1890) was a Norwegian author, journalist, and the leader of the first labour movement in Norway. It was later known as the Thrane movement (Thranebevegelsen).", "Q984558": "Alex La Guma (20 February 1924 \u2013 11 October 1985) was a South African novelist, leader of the South African Coloured People\u2019s Organisation (SACPO) and a defendant in the Treason Trial, whose works helped characterise the movement against the apartheid era in South Africa. La Guma's vivid style, distinctive dialogue, and realistic, sympathetic portrayal of oppressed groups have made him one of the most notable South African writers of the 20th century. La Guma was awarded the 1969 Lotus Prize for Literature.", "Q194647": "Cathy Lee Crosby (born December 2, 1944) sometimes referred to as just Cathy Crosby is an American actress and former professional tennis player. She achieved TV and film success in the 1980s and was a co-host of the television series That's Incredible!", "Q1031954": "Ihsan Abdel Quddous (Egyptian Arabic: \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0633\u200e \u02bcI\u1e25s\u0101n \u02bbAbd el-Qudd\u016bs, IPA: [\u0294e\u0127\u02c8s\u00e6\u02d0n \u0295\u00e6bdel.q\u028ad\u02c8du\u02d0s]) (1 January 1919 \u2013 11 January 1990) was an Egyptian writer, novelist, and journalist and editor in Egypt's Al Akhbar and Al-Ahram newspapers. He is known to have written many novels that have been adapted in films.", "Q2655515": "Lee Ulrich Eyerly (February 22, 1892 \u2013 March 23, 1963) was an American civil aviation pioneer and amusement ride manufacturer.\n\n", "Q109770": "Hans-Dieter Lange (20 June 1926 \u2013 18 May 2012) was a German TV journalist and anchorman of the East German newscast Aktuelle Kamera.", "Q223135": "The 3rd arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille.", "Q106443": "Annie Girardot (25 October 1931 \u2013 28 February 2011) was a three-time C\u00e9sar Award winning French actress. She often played strong-willed, independent, hard-working, and often lonely women, imbuing her characters with an earthiness and reality that endeared her to women undergoing similar daily struggles.Over the course of a five-decade career, she starred in nearly 150 films. She was a three-time C\u00e9sar Award winner (1977, 1996, 2002), a two-time Moli\u00e8re Award winner (2002), a David di Donatello Award winner (1977), a BAFTA nominee (1962), and a recipient of several international prizes including the Volpi Cup (Best actress) at the 1965 Venice Film Festival for Three Rooms in Manhattan.\n\n", "Q119563": "Francisco Coloane C\u00e1rdenas (American Spanish: [f\u027ean\u02c8sisko kolo\u02c8ane]; July 19, 1910 \u2013 August 5, 2002) was a Chilean novelist and short fiction writer whose works have been translated into many languages. Some of his books were adapted to theatre and film.", "Q1662831": "Inge Thulin, (born November 9, 1953) is the executive chairman of the board at 3M. He has been an executive with the company since 1979 and served as its chairman, president and CEO between 2012 and 2018. He serves as a director for Chevron Corporation and Merck.\nThulin used to be a director for Toro. He holds degrees in business and marketing from the University of Gothenburg in Sweden.\nThulin was a member of President Donald Trump's American Manufacturing Council, before resigning from it on August 16, 2017, in response to the President's statements regarding the Unite the Right rally.", "Q369028": "The Brothers Karamazov is a 1958 film made by MGM, based on Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel The Brothers Karamazov. It was directed by Richard Brooks and produced by Pandro S. Berman. The screenplay was by Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein and Richard Brooks. It was entered into the 1958 Cannes Film Festival. The brothers are played by Yul Brynner, Richard Basehart and William Shatner in his film debut.", "Q80804": "Valentina de Angelis (born June 12, 1989) is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as Young Bo in the 2003 film Off the Map, her first major acting role. In 2009, she had a recurring role as Carmen Fortier in the series Gossip Girl. The following year, she appeared in the soap opera As the World Turns as Faith Snyder.", "Q205694": "Number Seventeen is a 1932 thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and starring John Stuart, Anne Grey and Leon M. Lion It is based on the 1925 stage play Number Seventeen by Joseph Jefferson Farjeon, It is about a group of criminals who committed a jewel robbery and hid their loot in an old house over a railway leading to the English Channel. The film's title is derived from the house's street number. An outsider stumbles onto this plot and intervenes with the help of a neighbour, a police officer's daughter.", "Q88280": "Francis Xavier Weninger (German: Franz Xaver Weninger; 31 October 1805, Wildhaus (Slovene: Viltu\u0161), Styria, Austria (now Slovenia) - 29 June 1888, Cincinnati, Ohio) was an Austrian Jesuit missionary and author.", "Q214941": "Johann Baptist Krebs (pseudonyms Johann Baptist Kerning and JM Gneiding), (born 12 April 1774 in \u00dcberauchen, died 2 October 1851 in Stuttgart) was a German opera singer, opera director, vocal pedagogue, freemason and esoteric writer.", "Q182743": "Jamie Foreman (born 25 May 1958) is an English actor best known for his roles as Duke in Layer Cake (2004) and Bill Sikes in Roman Polanski's Oliver Twist (2005). He played opposite Ray Winstone and Kathy Burke in Gary Oldman's Nil by Mouth (1997) and also featured in Elizabeth (1998), Gangster No. 1 (2000) and Sleepy Hollow (1999). He appeared in the 2006 Doctor Who episode \"The Idiot's Lantern\" and featured as a racist taxi driver in The Football Factory (2004). In the 2008 film Inkheart Foreman played Basta. He also appeared in one episode of Law and Order: UK in 2009.\nHis recent work for BBC Radio includes the title role in Wes Bell, directed by Matthew Broughton, and the six-part series Hazelbeach by David Stafford and Caroline Stafford. He also played a small role in I'll Sleep When I'm Dead.\nIn 2011, Foreman joined the cast of EastEnders as Derek Branning, taking over the role from Terence Beesley. It was later confirmed in 2012 that Foreman was leaving and that the character of Derek would be killed off.\nHe has appeared as Lenny in numerous episodes of Birds of a Feather. In 2015, he narrated the six-part series Double Decker Driving School for ITV.\nForeman played Albert Wilson in Home Front radio series on BBC Radio 4, starting from Season Six in December 2015.", "Q43697": "Juan Moreno y Herrera\u2013Jim\u00e9nez (born 30 July 1948), known as Jean Reno (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 \u0281eno]), is a Spanish\u2013French actor. He has worked in French, English, Japanese, Spanish and Italian productions; Reno appeared in films such as Crimson Rivers, Godzilla, The Da Vinci Code, Mission: Impossible, The Pink Panther, Ronin, Les Visiteurs, Wasabi, The Big Blue, Hector and the Search for Happiness and L\u00e9on: The Professional.", "Q311193": "Yoshiki Hayashi (\u6797 \u4f73\u6a39, Hayashi Yoshiki, born November 20, 1965), known by the mononym Yoshiki, is a Japanese musician, songwriter, composer and record producer. He is best known as a co-founder of the visual kei rock band X Japan, for which he is the drummer, pianist and main songwriter. Yoshiki's solo career includes two classical studio albums\u2014Eternal Melody (1993), produced by George Martin, and Eternal Melody II (2005)\u2014and the classical compilation Yoshiki Classical (2013). Described by Billboard as a \"musical innovator\" and named \"one of the most influential composers in Japanese history\" by Consequence of Sound, Yoshiki has also collaborated and played with artists such as Bono, will.i.am, Jennifer Hudson, Tetsuya Komuro, Roger Taylor, Gene Simmons, and Sarah Brightman.\nIn 1999, at the request of the Japanese government, he composed and performed a classical song at a celebration in honor of the tenth anniversary of Emperor Akihito's enthronement. For the 69th Golden Globe Awards, the show's original musical theme was composed by Yoshiki and became available for digital download on iTunes, with all proceeds going to charity.", "Q1820955": "Lester \"Mad Dog\" Davenport (January 16, 1932 \u2013 March 17, 2009), was an American Chicago blues harmonica player and singer.\nBorn in Tchula, Mississippi, Davenport moved to Chicago, Illinois, when he was 14. There he played with Arthur Spires, Snooky Pryor, and Homesick James and then worked with Bo Diddley, with whom he played harmonica on a 1955 Chess Records session. He led his own group in the 1960s while working during the day as a paint sprayer. In the 1980s he was the harmonica player for the Indiana group the Kinsey Report.In July 1994, Wolf Records released the album Chicago Blues Session, Vol. 11, by Maxwell Street Jimmy Davis, recorded in 1988 and 1989. The collection included Davenport on harmonica and Kansas City Red playing the drums.Davenport released his first album under his own name in 1992 and recorded a follow-up, I Smell a Rat, in 2002.Davenport died in March 2009 in Chicago, from prostate cancer, at the age of 77.", "Q104254": "Emil Robert Kraft (3 October 1869 in Leipzig \u2013 10 May 1916 in Haffkrug) was a German writer of detective and adventure novels. He has been compared to Karl May.", "Q248794": "To Be or Not to Be is a 1983 American war comedy film directed by Alan Johnson, produced by Mel Brooks, and starring Mel Brooks, Anne Bancroft, Tim Matheson, Charles Durning, Christopher Lloyd, and Jos\u00e9 Ferrer. The screenplay was written by Ronny Graham and Thomas Meehan, based on the original story by Melchior Lengyel, Ernst Lubitsch and Edwin Justus Mayer. The film is a remake of the 1942 film of the same name.", "Q268444": "Has Anybody Seen My Gal? is a 1952 comedy film distributed by Universal-International, directed by Douglas Sirk, and stars Piper Laurie, Rock Hudson, Charles Coburn, and Gigi Perreau. Set in the 1920s, the film leans heavily on period detail, such as flappers, the Charleston and raccoon coats. It is named for the jazz song Has Anybody Seen My Gal? which was a hit for The California Ramblers during the '20s. Though the song is sung during the movie, its lyrics have no particular relation to the plot.\n\n", "Q113728": "Kuno Heinrich Franziskus Maria Hubertus Reichsfreiherr und Edler Herr von und zu Eltz-R\u00fcbenach (20 November 1904 in Schloss Wahn \u2013 30 January 1945 in V\u00e1rpalota, Hungary) was a member of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany and a SS-Brigadef\u00fchrer.", "Q29328": "Brianne Sidonie Desaulniers (born October 1, 1989), known professionally as Brie Larson, is an American actress and filmmaker. Noted for her supporting work in comedies when a teenager, she has since expanded to leading roles in independent dramas and film franchises, receiving such accolades as an Academy Award and a Golden Globe. Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2019.\nBorn in Sacramento, California, Larson was homeschooled. At age six, she became the youngest student admitted to a training program at the American Conservatory Theater. She soon relocated to Los Angeles and began her acting career in 1998 with a comedy sketch in The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. She appeared as a regular in the 2001 sitcom Raising Dad and briefly dabbled with a music career, releasing the album Finally Out of P.E. in 2005. Larson subsequently played supporting roles in the comedy films Hoot (2006), Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010), and 21 Jump Street (2012), and appeared as a sardonic teenager in the television series United States of Tara (2009\u20132011).\nLarson's breakthrough came with a leading role in the acclaimed independent drama Short Term 12 (2013), and she continued to take on supporting parts in the romance The Spectacular Now (2013) and the comedy Trainwreck (2015). For playing a kidnapping victim in the drama Room (2015), Larson won the Academy Award for Best Actress. The 2017 adventure film Kong: Skull Island marked her first big-budget release, after which she starred as Carol Danvers in the 2019 Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films Captain Marvel and Avengers: Endgame.\nLarson has also co-written and co-directed two short films, including The Arm (2012), which received a special jury prize at the Sundance Film Festival. She made her feature film directorial debut in 2017 with the independent comedy-drama Unicorn Store. A gender equality activist and an advocate for sexual assault survivors, Larson is vocal about social and political issues.", "Q124184": "Mayfair is an affluent area in the West End of London towards the eastern edge of Hyde Park, in the City of Westminster, between Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadilly and Park Lane. It is one of the most expensive districts in London and the world.The area was originally part of the manor of Eia and remained largely rural until the early 18th century. It became well known for the annual \"May Fair\" that took place from 1686 to 1764 in what is now Shepherd Market. Over the years, the fair grew increasingly downmarket and unpleasant, and it became a public nuisance. The Grosvenor family (who became Dukes of Westminster) acquired the land through marriage and began to develop it under the direction of Thomas Barlow. The work included Hanover Square, Berkeley Square and Grosvenor Square, which were surrounded by high-quality houses, and St George's Hanover Square Church. \nBy the end of the 18th century, most of Mayfair was built on with upper-class housing; unlike some nearby areas of London, it has never lost its affluent status. The decline of the British aristocracy in the early 20th century led to the area becoming more commercial, with many houses converted into offices for corporate headquarters and various embassies. Mayfair retains a substantial quantity of high-end residential property, upmarket shops and restaurants, and luxury hotels along Piccadilly and Park Lane. Its prestigious status has been commemorated by being the most expensive property square on the London Monopoly board.\n\n", "Q186525": "Julius Kambarage Nyerere (Swahili pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0292u\u02d0li\u0259s k\u0251m\u02c8b\u0251\u027e\u0251g\u0259 nj\u025b\u02c8\u027e\u025b\u027e\u025b]; 13 April 1922 \u2013 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian anti-colonial activist, politician, and political theorist. He governed Tanganyika as Prime Minister from 1961 to 1962 and then as President from 1963 to 1964, after which he led its successor state, Tanzania, as President from 1964 to 1985. A founding member of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) party\u2014which in 1977 became the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party\u2014he chaired it until 1990. Ideologically an African nationalist and African socialist, he promoted a political philosophy known as Ujamaa.\nBorn in Butiama, then in the British colony of Tanganyika, Nyerere was the son of a Zanaki chief. After completing his schooling, he studied at Makerere College in Uganda and then Edinburgh University in Scotland. In 1952 he returned to Tanganyika, married, and worked as a teacher. In 1954, he helped form TANU, through which he campaigned for Tanganyikan independence from the British Empire. Influenced by the Indian independence leader Mahatma Gandhi, Nyerere preached non-violent protest to achieve this aim. Elected to the Legislative Council in the 1958\u20131959 elections, Nyerere then led TANU to victory at the 1960 general election, becoming Prime Minister. Negotiations with the British authorities resulted in Tanganyikan independence in 1961. In 1962, Tanganyika became a republic, with Nyerere elected its first president. His administration pursued decolonisation and the \"Africanisation\" of the civil service while promoting unity between indigenous Africans and the country's Asian and European minorities. He encouraged the formation of a one-party state and unsuccessfully pursued the Pan-Africanist formation of an East African Federation with Uganda and Kenya. A 1963 mutiny within the army was suppressed with British assistance.\nFollowing the Zanzibar Revolution of 1964, the island of Zanzibar was unified with Tanganyika to form Tanzania. After this, Nyerere placed a growing emphasis on national self-reliance and socialism. Although his socialism differed from that promoted by Marxism\u2013Leninism, Tanzania developed close links with Mao Zedong's Marxist\u2013governed China. In 1967, Nyerere issued the Arusha Declaration which outlined his vision of ujamaa. Banks and other major industries and companies were nationalised; education and healthcare were significantly expanded. Renewed emphasis was placed on agricultural development through the formation of communal farms, although these reforms hampered food production and left Tanzania dependent on foreign food aid. His government provided training and aid to anti-colonialist groups fighting white-minority rule throughout southern Africa and oversaw Tanzania's 1978\u20131979 war with Uganda which resulted in the overthrow of Ugandan President Idi Amin. In 1985, Nyerere stood down and was succeeded by Ali Hassan Mwinyi, who reversed many of Nyerere's policies. He remained chair of Chama Cha Mapinduzi until 1990, supporting a transition to a multi-party system, and later served as mediator in attempts to end the Burundian Civil War.\nNyerere was a controversial figure. Across Africa he gained widespread respect as an anti-colonialist and in power received praise for ensuring that, unlike many of its neighbours, Tanzania remained stable and unified in the decades following independence. His construction of the one-party state and use of detention without trial led to accusations of dictatorial governance, while he has also been blamed for economic mismanagement. He is held in deep respect within Tanzania, where he is often referred to by the Swahili honorific Mwalimu (\"teacher\") and described as the \"Father of the Nation\".\n\n", "Q472647": "Cornelis Johannes \"Cesar\" Zuiderwijk, (born 18 July 1948 in The Hague, Netherlands) is a Dutch drummer. He is best known as the drummer of the Dutch rock band, Golden Earring, a position he has held since 1970.", "Q6103955": "John Cyprian Phipps Williams (born 16 November 1922) is a New Zealand cardiologist known for discovering what is now called Williams syndrome in 1961.", "Q278657": "Albert Edward Sutherland (January 5, 1895 \u2013 December 31, 1973) was a film director and actor. Born in London, he was from a theatrical family. His father, Al Sutherland, was a theatre manager and producer and his mother, Julie Ring, was a vaudeville performer. He was a nephew of both Blanche Ring and Thomas Meighan, who was married to Frances Ring, another of his mother's sisters. Sutherland acted in 37 known films early in his career, beginning as a Keystone Cop in Tillie's Punctured Romance (1914), which starred Charles Chaplin, Mabel Normand, and Marie Dressler.", "Q998617": "Rein Lang (born 4 July 1957) is an Estonian politician, a member of the Estonian Reform Party since 1995, and a diplomat. He was the Minister of Culture in Andrus Ansip's third cabinet until his resignation.", "Q323647": "Thomas Ross Bond (September 16, 1926 \u2013 September 24, 2005) was an American actor. Bond was best known for his work as a child actor for two nonconsecutive periods on Our Gang (Little Rascals) comedies (first as \"Tommy\" and later as \"Butch\"). Also, he is noted for being the first actor to appear onscreen as \"Superman's pal\" Jimmy Olsen, having portrayed the character in the film serials Superman (1948) and Atom Man vs. Superman (1950).\n\n", "Q217290": "Yazdegerd I, also spelled Yazdgerd I and Yazdgird I (Middle Persian: \ud802\udf69\ud802\udf66\ud802\udf63\ud802\udf6a\ud802\udf65\ud802\udf72\ud802\udf69\u200e), was a Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 399 to 420. A son of Shapur III (r. 383\u2013388), he succeeded his brother Bahram IV (r. 388\u2013399) after the latter's assassination.\nYazdegerd I's largely-uneventful reign is seen in Sasanian history as a period of renewal. Although he was periodically known as \"the Sinner\" in native sources, Yazdegerd was more competent than his recent predecessors. He enjoyed cordial relations with the Eastern Roman Empire and was entrusted with the guardianship of the Roman prince, Theodosius, by Theodosius' father Arcadius. Yazdegerd I is known for his friendly relations with the Jews and Christians of the Church of the East, which he acknowledged in 410. Because of this, he was praised by Jews and Christians as the new Cyrus the Great (r. 550 \u2013 530 BC, king of the Iranian Achaemenid Empire who liberated the Jews from captivity in Babylon).\nThe king's religious, peaceful policies were disliked by the nobility and Zoroastrian clergy, whose power and influence he strove to curb. This eventually backfired, and Yazdegerd I met his end at the hands of the nobility in the remote northeast. The nobles then sought to stop Yazdegerd's sons from the ascending the throne; his eldest son, Shapur IV, was quickly killed after his accession and replaced with Khosrow. Another son, Bahram V, hurried to the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon with an Arab army and pressured the nobility to acknowledge him as shah.", "Q939": "Dom Pedro I (English: Peter I; 12 October 1798 \u2013 24 September 1834), nicknamed \"the Liberator\", was the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil. As King Dom Pedro IV, he reigned briefly over Portugal, where he also became known as \"the Liberator\" as well as \"the Soldier King\". Born in Lisbon, Pedro I was the fourth child of King Dom Jo\u00e3o VI of Portugal and Queen Carlota Joaquina, and thus a member of the House of Braganza. When the country was invaded by French troops in 1807, he and his family fled to Portugal's largest and wealthiest colony, Brazil.\nThe outbreak of the Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Lisbon compelled Pedro I's father to return to Portugal in April 1821, leaving him to rule Brazil as regent. He had to deal with threats from revolutionaries and insubordination by Portuguese troops, all of which he subdued. The Portuguese government's threat to revoke the political autonomy that Brazil had enjoyed since 1808 was met with widespread discontent in Brazil. Pedro I chose the Brazilian side and declared Brazil's independence from Portugal on 7 September 1822. On 12 October, he was acclaimed Brazilian emperor and by March 1824 had defeated all armies loyal to Portugal. A few months later, Pedro I crushed the short-lived Confederation of the Equator, a failed secession attempt by provincial rebels in Brazil's northeast.\nA secessionist rebellion in the southern province of Cisplatina in early 1825, and the subsequent attempt by the United Provinces of the R\u00edo de la Plata to annex it, led the Empire into the Cisplatine War. In March 1826, Pedro I briefly became king of Portugal before abdicating in favor of his eldest daughter, Dona Maria II. The situation worsened in 1828 when the war in the south resulted in Brazil's loss of Cisplatina. During the same year in Lisbon, Maria II's throne was usurped by Prince Dom Miguel, Pedro I's younger brother. The Emperor's concurrent and scandalous sexual affair with a female courtier tarnished his reputation. Other difficulties arose in the Brazilian parliament, where a struggle over whether the government would be chosen by the monarch or by the legislature dominated political debates from 1826 to 1831. Unable to deal with problems in both Brazil and Portugal simultaneously, on 7 April 1831 Pedro I abdicated in favor of his son Dom Pedro II, and sailed for Europe.\nPedro I invaded Portugal at the head of an army in July 1832. Faced at first with what seemed a national civil war, he soon became involved in a wider conflict that enveloped the Iberian Peninsula in a struggle between proponents of liberalism and those seeking a return to absolutism. Pedro I died of tuberculosis on 24 September 1834, just a few months after he and the liberals had emerged victorious. He was hailed by both contemporaries and posterity as a key figure who helped spread the liberal ideals that allowed Brazil and Portugal to move from absolutist regimes to representative forms of government.", "Q536777": "Richard Alan \"Rick\" Mastracchio (born February 11, 1960) is an American engineer and former NASA astronaut. He has flown on three NASA Space Shuttle missions as a mission specialist in addition to serving as a Flight Engineer on the Soyuz TMA-11M (Expedition 38/Expedition 39) long duration mission aboard the International Space Station. He is currently the Senior Director of Operations for Commercial Resupply Services at Orbital ATK.\n\n", "Q77526": "Olga Ben\u00e1rio Prestes (February 12, 1908 \u2013 April 23, 1942) was a German communist militant gassed by Nazi Germany.", "Q576347": "Carlo Maria Curci (1810 in Naples \u2013 June 8, 1891 in Florence) was an Italian theologian from Naples.", "Q206389": "Pierre Marie Joseph Veuillot (5 January 1913 \u2013 14 February 1968) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Paris.", "Q70249": "Hans Daniel Ludwig Friedrich Hassenpflug (February 26, 1794 \u2013 October 15, 1862), German statesman, was born at Hanau in Hesse.", "Q189602": "Missoula (listen) is a city in the U.S. state of Montana; it is the county seat of Missoula County. It is located along the Clark Fork River near its confluences with the Bitterroot and Blackfoot Rivers in western Montana and at the convergence of five mountain ranges, thus it is often described as the \"hub of five valleys\". In 2018, the United States Census Bureau estimated the city's population at 74,428 and the population of the Missoula Metropolitan Area at 118,791. After Billings, Missoula is both the second largest city and metropolitan area in Montana. Missoula is home to the University of Montana, a public research university.\nWilliam T. Hamilton first settled in the Missoula area in 1858 with a trading post near current Missoula along the Rattlesnake Creek along with Captain Richard Grant settling near Grant Creek, and David Pattee near Pattee Canyon. Missoula was founded in 1860 as Hellgate Trading Post while still part of Washington Territory. By 1866, the settlement had moved east, 5 miles (8 km) upstream, and renamed Missoula Mills, later shortened to Missoula. The mills provided supplies to western settlers traveling along the Mullan Road. The establishment of Fort Missoula in 1877 to protect settlers further stabilized the economy. The arrival of the Northern Pacific Railway in 1883 brought rapid growth and the maturation of the local lumber industry. In 1893, the Montana Legislature chose the city as the site for the state's first university. Along with the U.S. Forest Service headquarters founded in 1908, lumber and the university remained staples of the local economy for the next hundred years.By the 1990s, Missoula's lumber industry had gradually disappeared, and as of 2009, the city's largest employers were the University of Montana, Missoula County Public Schools, and Missoula's two hospitals. The city is governed by a mayor\u2013council government with twelve city council members, two from each of the six wards. In and around Missoula are 400 acres (160 ha) of parkland, 22 miles (35 km) of trails, and nearly 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) of open-space conservation land with adjacent Mount Jumbo home to grazing elk and mule deer during the winter. The city is also home to both Montana's largest and its oldest active breweries as well as the Montana Grizzlies, one of the strongest college football programs in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Notable residents include the first woman in the U.S. Congress, Jeannette Rankin, and the United States' longest-serving Senate Majority Leader, Mike Mansfield.", "Q67735": "Korvettenkapit\u00e4n Reinhard Hardegen (18 March 1913 \u2013 9 June 2018) was a German U-boat commander during World War II. He was the 24th-most-successful German submarine commander of the war, credited with the having sunk 115,656 gross register tons (GRT) (22 ships). After the war, he spent a year and a half in British captivity before starting a successful oil trading business and serving as a member of Bremen's city council (the B\u00fcrgerschaft) for over 32 years.", "Q69718": "W\u00e4denswil, locally often called W\u00e4di or W\u00e4dischwil, is a municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. The population (as of 2013) was about 21,000. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of H\u00fctten and Sch\u00f6nenberg merged into the municipality of W\u00e4denswil.", "Q488099": "Anatoly Vladimirovich Sofronov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; 19 January 1911, in Minsk, Russian Empire, now Belarus \u2013 9 September 1990, in Moscow, USSR) was a Soviet Russian writer, poet, playwright, scriptwriter, editor (Ogonyok, 1953-1986) and literary administrator, the Union of Soviet Writers' secretary in 1948-1953. Sofronov was a Stalin Prize laureate (twice, 1948, 1949) and a recipient of the Order of the Hero of Socialist Labour (1981).An ominous figure with the reputation of \"one of the most feared literary hangmen of the Stalinist era,\" Sofronov is best remembered for his play Stryapukha (\u0421\u0442\u0440\u044f\u043f\u0443\u0445\u0430, The Kookie) which was followed by three sequels and the popular comedy film of the same name.Working with composers like Semyon Zaslavsky, Matvey Blanter, Sigizmund Kats, he co-authored dozens of songs, made popular by the artists like Vladimir Bunchikov, Vladimir Nechayev, Vadim Kozin, Nikolai Ruban, Vladimir Troshin, Olga Voronets, Maya Kristalinskaya, Iosif Kobzon and Nani Bregvadze.", "Q144664": "Zakhar Bron (Russian: \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0440 \u041d\u0443\u0301\u0445\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0440\u043e\u043d [z\u0250x\u02c8ar n\u028a\u02c8xim\u0259v\u02b2it\u0255 \u02c8bron]; born 17 December 1947, in Oral, Kazakhstan) is a Russian violinist and violin pedagogue of Jewish descent.His students have included Vadim Repin, Gwendolyn Masin, Daniel Hope, Maxim Vengerov, Vadim Gluzman, Priya Mitchell, Igor Malinovsky, Denis Goldfeld, Daishin Kashimoto, Tamaki Kawakubo, Mayuko Kamio, Mayu Kishima, Soyoung Yoon, Christoph Seybold, Sayaka Shoji, Nikolai Madoyev and David Garrett.\nBron studied with Boris Goldstein. Before he was well-known, he taught privately in Novosibirsk. Since then, he has taught at the Royal Academy of Music in London, the Conservatory of Rotterdam, the Musikhochschule L\u00fcbeck and the Reina Sof\u00eda School of Music in Madrid. In 1997, he took up a position at the Cologne Musikhochschule.\n\n", "Q323653": "John Conant Flansburgh (born May 6, 1960) is an American musician. He is half of the long-standing Brooklyn, New York-based alternative rock duo They Might Be Giants, for which he writes, sings, and plays rhythm guitar.\nCommonly referred to by the nickname Flans or Flansy, he is married to musician Robin Goldwasser, with whom he occasionally performs.", "Q190353": "The Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), officially the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta (Italian: Sovrano Militare Ordine Ospedaliero di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme di Rodi e di Malta; Latin: Supremus Militaris Ordo Hospitalarius Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani Rhodiensis et Melitensis), commonly known as the Order of Malta or Knights of Malta, is a Catholic lay religious order, traditionally of military, chivalric and noble nature. It has been called \"the smallest sovereign state in the world\".SMOM claims continuity with the Knights Hospitaller, a chivalric order that was founded c.\u20091099 by the Blessed Gerard in medieval Jerusalem. In terms of international law, it is an establishment of the 19th century, recognized at the Congress of Verona of 1822, and since 1834 headquartered in Palazzo Malta in Rome. The order is led by an elected Prince and Grand Master. Its motto is Tuitio fidei et obsequium pauperum ('defence of the faith and assistance to the poor'). The order venerates the Virgin Mary as its patroness, under the title of Our Lady of Mount Philermos.\nThe headquarters of the Order of Saint John had been located in Malta from 1530 until 1798. It was technically a vassal of the Kingdom of Sicily, holding Malta in exchange for a nominal fee, but declared independence in 1753.\nIt was expelled from Malta under the French occupation in 1798 and, from 1805 to 1812, much of its possessions in Protestant Europe were confiscated, resulting in the fragmentation of the order into a number of Protestant branches, since 1961 united under the umbrella of the Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem.\nThe Congress of Vienna of 1815 confirmed the loss of Malta, but the Congress of Verona in 1822 guaranteed the continued existence of the Catholic order as a sovereign entity. The seat of the order was moved to Ferrara in 1826 and to Rome in 1834, the interior of Palazzo Malta being considered extraterritorial sovereign territory of the order. The grand priories of Lombardy-Venetia and of Sicily were restored from 1839 to 1841. The office of Grand Master was restored by Pope Leo XIII in 1879, after a vacancy of 75 years, confirming Giovanni Battista Ceschi a Santa Croce as the first Grand Master of the restored Order of Malta.\nThe Holy See was established as a subject of international law in the Lateran Treaty of 1929. In the following decades, the connection between the Holy See and the Order of Malta was seen as so close as to call into question the actual sovereignty of the order as a separate entity. This has prompted constitutional changes on the part of the Order, which were implemented in 1997. Since then, the Order has been widely recognized as a sovereign subject of international law in its own right.It maintains diplomatic relations with 110 states, has permanent observer status at the United Nations, enters into treaties and issues its own passports, coins and postage stamps. Its two headquarters buildings in Rome enjoy extraterritoriality, similar to embassies, and it maintains embassies in other countries. The three principal officers are counted as citizens.\nThe Order has 13,500 Knights, Dames and auxiliary members. A few dozen of these are professed religious. Until the 1990s, the highest classes of membership, including officers, required proof of noble lineage. More recently, a path was created for Knights and Dames of the lowest class (of whom proof of aristocratic lineage is not required) to be specially elevated to the highest class, making them eligible for office in the order.\nThe order employs about 42,000 doctors, nurses, auxiliaries and paramedics assisted by 80,000 volunteers in more than 120 countries, assisting children, homeless, handicapped, elderly, and terminally ill people, refugees, and lepers around the world without distinction of ethnicity or religion. Through its worldwide relief corps, Malteser International, the order aids victims of natural disasters, epidemics and war. In several countries, including France, Germany and Ireland, local associations of the order are important providers of medical emergency services and training. Its annual budget is on the order of 1.5 billion euros, largely funded by European governments, the United Nations and the European Union, foundations and public donors.", "Q1378320": "Swarthmore College (sometimes pronounced , locally pronounced , or SWAHTH-mor) is a private liberal arts college in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1864, with its first classes being held in 1869, Swarthmore was one of the earliest coeducational colleges in the United States. It was established to be a college \"...under the care of Friends, at which an education may be obtained equal to that of the best institutions of learning in our country.\" By 1906, Swarthmore had dropped its religious affiliation and became officially non-sectarian.Swarthmore is a member of the Tri-College Consortium along with Bryn Mawr and Haverford College, a cooperative academic arrangement between the three schools. Swarthmore is also affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania through the Quaker Consortium, which allows for students to cross-register for classes at all four institutions. Swarthmore offers over 600 courses a year in more than 40 areas of study, including an ABET accredited engineering program which culminates with a Bachelor of Science in engineering. Swarthmore has a variety of sporting teams with a total of 22 Division III Varsity Intercollegiate Sports Teams and competes in the Centennial Conference, a group of private colleges in Pennsylvania and Maryland.Despite the school's small size, Swarthmore alumni have attained prominence in a broad range of fields. Graduates include five Nobel Prize winners (as of 2016, the third-highest number of Nobel Prize winners per graduate in the U.S.), 11 MacArthur Foundation fellows, 30 Rhodes Scholars, 27 Truman Scholars, 10 Marshall Scholars, 201 Fulbright Grantees, and many noteworthy figures in law, art, science, academia, business, politics, and other fields.", "Q76638": "Gregor Strasser (also German: Stra\u00dfer, see \u00df; 31 May 1892 \u2013 30 June 1934) was an early prominent German Nazi official and politician who was murdered during the Night of the Long Knives in 1934. Born in 1892 in Bavaria, Strasser served in World War I in an artillery regiment, rising to the rank of first lieutenant. He joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in 1920 and quickly became an influential and important figure. In 1923, he took part in the abortive Beer Hall Putsch in Munich and was imprisoned, but released early for political reasons. Strasser joined a revived NSDAP in 1925 and once again established himself as a powerful and dominant member, hugely increasing the party's membership and reputation in northern Germany. Personal and political conflicts with Adolf Hitler led to his death in 1934 during the Night of the Long Knives.", "Q5083": "Seattle ( (listen) see-AT-\u0259l) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 744,955 residents as of 2018, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. According to U.S. Census data released in 2018, the Seattle metropolitan area's population stands at 3.98 million, and ranks as the 15th-largest in the United States. In July 2013, it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1%. In July 2016, Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city, with a 3.1% annual growth rate. Seattle is the northernmost large city in the United States.\nThe city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an inlet of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 100 miles (160 km) south of the Canada\u2013United States border. A major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015.The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, Oregon, on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13, 1851. The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named \"Seattle\" in 1852, in honor of Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Today, Seattle has high populations of Native, Scandinavian, Asian American, African American, as well as a thriving LGBT community that ranks 6th in the United States for population.Logging was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late 19th century, the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush. Growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed into a technology center from the 1980s onwards with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region; Microsoft founder Bill Gates is a Seattleite by birth. Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle in 1994, and major airline Alaska Airlines is based in SeaTac, Washington, serving Seattle's international airport, Seattle\u2013Tacoma International Airport. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, which increased the city's population by almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000. Owing largely to its rapidly increasing population in the 21st century, Seattle and the state of Washington have some of the highest minimum wages in the country, at $15 per hour for smaller businesses and $16 for the city's largest employers.Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District to the Central District. The jazz scene nurtured the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix, as well as the origin of the bands Nirvana, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Foo Fighters and the alternative rock movement grunge.", "Q137852": "Sa\u0161a Dragin (Serbian: \u0421\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d) is former Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management in the Government of Serbia (2008-2011). He was previously the Minister of Environmental Protection.", "Q897242": "Bragi \u00d3lafsson (born 11 August 1962 in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland) is a musician and a writer.\nInternationally he is best known for his work as a bassist in The Sugarcubes, the avant-garde pop band from Iceland that brought fame to Bj\u00f6rk, who went on to solo success with her unique brand of diverse musical genres.\nThe Sugarcubes, who favored strange, offbeat melodies, came together in 1986, but the Sugarcubes' members had played together in different combinations in various Icelandic groups before. Bragi and Einar \u00d6rn Benediktsson (trumpet / vocals) had released records on Einar's own label, Gramm. In 1986 Bragi also launched his writing career, publishing his first book, a poetry volume called Drags\u00fagur (Draught).\nIn 1992 The Sugarcubes disbanded as Bj\u00f6rk began her solo career. Bragi, meanwhile, has continued to work on Bad Taste Ltd., the company formed by the Sugarcubes to publish poetry and sign other bands but is no longer a practising musician.\nHe enjoys considerable success as a novelist, playwright and poet in Iceland, having twice been nominated to the Icelandic Literature Prize.", "Q24618": "Jaded is a 1998 film co-written and directed by Caryn Krooth.", "Q1134192": "Cornish College of the Arts (CCA) is a college in the Denny Triangle, Capitol Hill and Seattle Center areas of Seattle, Washington, United States that focuses on the arts.", "Q764937": "Jean Hatzfeld (born 1949) is a French writer and war correspondent. He grew up in Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, a small village in Auvergne.\nJean Hatzfeld began his career as a journalist in 1976 at the French daily Lib\u00e9ration. He also wrote for other newspapers and made documentaries for television. He covered the Middle-Eastern conflict, the rise of the Solidarity movement in Poland, the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia and the demise of the Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu. \nHe became a long term war correspondent in the Lebanon, at the eve of the 80's. He reported from the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s (where he was seriously injured) and he also spents months in Lebanon, Israel and Iraq, then else countries. In 1994, Jean Hatzfeld went to east Africa to report on the Rwandan genocide for Liberation. Dedicating himself to genocide research, he eventually published a book on the genocide called Dans le nu de la vie (2000). Primarily the stories of Tutsi survivors, the book won numerous awards: the Prix Culture 2000, the Prix Pierre Mille and the Prix France Culture. Hatzfeld followed up with a volume of stories by Hutu killers; this book Une Saison de machettes won the Prix Femina in 2003 and the Prix Jossef Kessel in 2004. A third volume on the genocide La strat\u00e9gie des antilopes won the Prix M\u00e9dicis and the Prix Ryszard-Kapu\u015bci\u0144ski. Then came Englebert des Collines (2013) and Un Papa de sang (2015).\nHe also wrote five novels. Several books have been translated into several languages, among them into English translated by Joshua David Jordan and by Linda Coverdale who won the Scott-Moncrieff Prize for her work on Machete Season.", "Q743350": "William Cockerill (1759\u20131832) was a British inventor and entrepreneur. Designing and producing machines for new industrial textile manufacturing, he is best known for having established a major manufacturing firm in the Li\u00e8ge in modern-day Belgium. He is widely considered to have been instrumental in spreading the Industrial Revolution in Continental Europe", "Q88294": "Rudolf Adolf Wilhelm Ross (Also styled Ro\u00df, 22 March 1872 \u2013 16 February 1951) was a German teacher, politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), member of the Hamburg Parliament and first Mayor of Hamburg.", "Q52956": "Carl Johan Thyselius (8 June 1811 \u2013 11 January 1891) was a politician, state official (Swedish: \u00e4mbetsman), Justice Councillor (Swedish: justitier\u00e5d) 1856-60, \"Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs\" (comparable to Minister of Education, Swedish: ecklesiastikminister) 1860-63, Minister for Civil Affairs (responsible for trade, industry and ship transport; Swedish: civilminister) 1875-80, and served as Prime Minister from 1883 to 1884.At the age of 72 years and 5 days, Thyselius is the oldest person to become Prime Minister in Swedish history. In 1848 he married Charlotta Melart with whom he had a daughter.", "Q273716": "May Irwin (June 27, 1862 \u2013 October 22, 1938) was a Canadian actress, singer and star of vaudeville.", "Q25506": "Flight from Ashiya (aka Ashiya Kara no hiko) is a 1964 film about the U.S. Air Force's Air Rescue Service, flying from Ashiya Air Base, Japan. In this fictionalized American-Japanese co-production film set in the early 1960s, a flight crew's mission is to rescue a liferaft of Japanese civilians stranded in rough seas. Flight from Ashiya was based on the 1959 novel by Elliott Arnold. The film was released in Japan as Ashiya Kara no hiko.\n\n", "Q98087": "Berta Vogel Scharrer (December 1, 1906 \u2013 July 23, 1995) was an American scientist who helped to found the scientific discipline now known as neuroendocrinology.", "Q824088": "Celtic Woman is an all-female Irish musical ensemble conceived and created by David Kavanagh, Sharon Browne and David Downes, a former musical director of the Irish stage show Riverdance. In 2004, Downes recruited five Irish female musicians who had not previously performed together: vocalists Chlo\u00eb Agnew, \u00d3rla Fallon, Lisa Kelly and M\u00e9av N\u00ed Mhaolchatha, and fiddler M\u00e1ir\u00e9ad Nesbitt, and shaped them into the first lineup of the group that he named \"Celtic Woman\", a specialty group. Downes chose a repertoire that ranged from traditional Celtic tunes to modern songs.\nThe show was meant to be a one-time event held in Dublin, Ireland, but multiple airings on PBS helped boost the group's popularity.\nThe group's line-up has changed over the years. Eleven albums have been released under the name \"Celtic Woman\": Celtic Woman, Celtic Woman: A Christmas Celebration, Celtic Woman: A New Journey, Celtic Woman: The Greatest Journey, Celtic Woman: Songs from the Heart, Celtic Woman: Lullaby, Celtic Woman: Believe, Celtic Woman: Home for Christmas, Celtic Woman: Emerald - Musical Gems, Celtic Woman: Destiny, Celtic Woman: Voices of Angels, and Celtic Woman: Ancient Land. The group has undertaken a number of world tours. Cumulatively, albums by Celtic Woman have sold over nine million records worldwide.The foundation for Celtic music's popularity outside Ireland and Europe was built by tapping into the success of artists such as Enya, Moya Brennan and Clannad, along with stage shows Riverdance and Lord of the Dance. Celtic Woman has been described as being \"Riverdance for the voice.\"Celtic Woman has been named Billboard World Album Artist of the Year six times.\n\n", "Q182031": "Jack St. Clair Kilby (November 8, 1923 \u2013 June 20, 2005) was an American electrical engineer who took part (along with Robert Noyce) in the realization of the first integrated circuit while working at Texas Instruments (TI) in 1958. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics on December 10, 2000. To congratulate him, American President Bill Clinton wrote, \"You can take pride in the knowledge that your work will help to improve lives for generations to come.\"Kilby is also the co-inventor of the handheld calculator and the thermal printer, for which he has the patents. He also has patents for seven other inventions.", "Q3295823": "Martine Ouellet (born April 8, 1969) is a Canadian engineer and politician who served as leader of the Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois from 2017 to 2018. She is also the former Minister of Natural Resources of Quebec from 2012 to 2014.", "Q121956": "Bill Kelliher (born March 23, 1971) is a musician from Atlanta, Georgia, best known as rhythm guitarist of heavy metal band Mastodon. He is a native of Victor, New York.", "Q263263": "The International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) is a non-governmental organisation of experts committed to expanding the frontiers of space. It was established in Stockholm (Sweden) on August 16, 1960.The IAA works towards promote the development of astronautics for peaceful purposes, recognize individuals who have distinguished themselves in a related branch of science or technology, and provide a programme through which members may contribute to international endeavors for the advancement of aerospace science. It works closely with the International Astronautical Federation and with national and international space agencies. Activities include participation in the annual International Astronautics Congress, and numerous regional and specialized conferences.The Academy's beginning was led by Theodore von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n, one of the most important figures in the evolution of rocketry, and the IAA's first president. Edward C. Stone held the post until October 2009. G. Madhavan Nair, the chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation was president of the International Academy of Astronautics from August 2009 until 2015. He was the only Indian and the first non-American to head the IAA.", "Q798232": "Bachman\u2013Turner Overdrive, often abbreviated as BTO, was a Canadian rock group from Winnipeg, Manitoba, who had a series of hit albums and singles in the 1970s, selling over 7 million albums in that decade alone. Their 1970s catalogue included five Top 40 albums and six US Top 40 singles (eleven in Canada). The band has sold nearly 30 million albums worldwide, and has fans affectionately known as \"gearheads\" (derived from the band's gear-shaped logo). Many of their songs, including \"Let It Ride\", \"You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet\", \"Takin' Care of Business\", \"Hey You\", and \"Roll on Down the Highway\", still receive play on classic-rock stations.\nThe original lineup consisted of Randy Bachman (lead guitar, lead vocals), Fred Turner (bass guitar, lead vocals), Tim Bachman (guitar, vocals) and Robbie Bachman (drums). This lineup released two albums in 1973. The second and most commercially successful lineup featured Blair Thornton (lead guitar), in place of Tim Bachman. This lineup released four albums between 1974 and 1977, including two that reached the Top 5 in the U.S. pop charts, as well as the band's only U.S. No. 1 single (\"You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet\"). Subsequent lineups enjoyed only moderate success.\nAfter the band went into a hiatus in 2005, Randy Bachman and Fred Turner reunited in 2009 to tour and collaborate on a new album. In 2010, they played the halftime show at the Grey Cup in Edmonton. The two stopped touring following Turner's amicable retirement in March 2018.On March 29, 2014, the classic Not Fragile line-up reunited for the first time since 1991 to mark Bachman\u2013Turner Overdrive's induction into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame, and participated in performing in a tribute version of \"Takin' Care of Business\".", "Q366469": "Donnell Clyde Cooley (December 17, 1910 \u2013 November 23, 1969), better known as Spade Cooley, was an American Western swing musician, big band leader, actor, television personality, and convicted murderer. Cooley's career ended in 1961 when he was arrested and convicted for the brutal murder of his second wife, Ella Mae Evans.", "Q439444": "Stephenie Lesley McMillan (n\u00e9e Gardner; 20 July 1942 \u2013 19 August 2013) was an internationally recognised British set decorator.\n\n", "Q532263": "Ching Siu-tung (born 1953), also known as Tony Ching, is a Hong Kong action choreographer, actor, film director and producer, who has directed over 20 films, including the critically acclaimed supernatural fantasy A Chinese Ghost Story (1987). He produced the spectacular clip L'\u00c2me-Stram-Gram for the French star singer Myl\u00e8ne Farmer at a cost of \u20ac1 million. He studied in the Eastern Drama Academy and trained in Northern Style Kung Fu for 7 years", "Q311839": "Fuad I (Arabic: \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u200e Fu\u2019\u0101d al-Awwal; Turkish: I. Fuad or Ahmed Fuad Pa\u015fa; 26 March 1868 \u2013 28 April 1936) was the Sultan and later King of Egypt and Sudan, Sovereign of Nubia, Kordofan, and Darfur. The ninth ruler of Egypt and Sudan from the Muhammad Ali dynasty, he became Sultan of Egypt and Sudan in 1917, succeeding his elder brother Sultan Hussein Kamel. He substituted the title of King for Sultan when the United Kingdom recognised Egyptian independence in 1922. His name is sometimes spelled Fouad.", "Q184440": "Jorge Leal Amado de Faria (10 August 1912 \u2013 6 August 2001) was a Brazilian writer of the modernist school. He remains the best known of modern Brazilian writers, with his work having been translated into some 49 languages and popularized in film, notably Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands in 1976. His work reflects the image of a Mesti\u00e7o Brazil and is marked by religious syncretism. He depicted a cheerful and optimistic country that was beset, at the same time, with deep social and economic differences.\nHe occupied the 23rd chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1961 until his death in 2001.", "Q72338": "Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski (3 July 1932 \u2013 21 June 2015) was a politician and trader in the German Democratic Republic. He was director of a main department ('Hauptverwaltungsleiter') in the Ministry for Foreign Trade and German Domestic Trade (1956\u201362), the Deputy Minister for External Trade (1967\u201375), and head of the GDR's Kommerzielle Koordinierung (KoKo, 1966\u201386).He was born in Berlin to a stateless ethnic Russian father and adopted by the Schalcks when he was eight years old. His biological father served as a Tsarist officer in World War I and became the head of the Wehrmacht's Russian language interpreter school in World War II; he did not return from Soviet captivity. His maternal grandfather worked for Stinnes in St. Petersburg.Schalck-Golodkowsky joined the Free German Youth in 1951 and the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands, SED) in 1955.\nIn 1966 he was appointed head of KoKo (at that time a newly formed department of the Ministry for Foreign Trade, ten years later it would formally become a powerful independent government agency in its own right) and in 1967 was also appointed a special officer of the Ministry of State Security.\nIn 1983 he led the negotiations with Bavarian leader Franz Josef Strau\u00df to obtain a billion Deutschmarks loan from the West German government.\nHe was appointed to the central committee of the SED in 1986 and, under suspicion of misusing his powers at KoKo he fled to West Berlin in December 1989. He was briefly imprisoned before settling in Bavaria.\nThe actions of KoKo and of Schalck-Golodkowski as its head were investigated from 1991 on suspicion of espionage activities, tax evasion, fraud, breaking embargo regulations and offences against Allied military law. He was prosecuted in 1996 for breaking Allied law and sentenced to a year's probation; other charges were withdrawn due to his ill-health\u2014he had operations to remove cancers in 1987 and 1997.\nHe had been married twice and had two children.", "Q100998": "Heinz Donhauser (June 22, 1951 in Amberg) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He is a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.", "Q5505329": "Indalencio Pascoal Froilano de Mello (17 May 1887 \u2013 9 January 1955) was a Goan-Portuguese microbiologist, medical scientist, professor, author and an independent MP in the Portuguese parliament.\nThroughout the course of his scientific career, Mello was responsible for the discovery of thousands of protozoa, parasites and microbes which today bear the Latin names given by him, followed by his own surname. He served as mayor of Panjim from 1938\u201345. During his tenure as an MP from 1945\u201349, he represented the constituency of Portuguese India, namely its overseas provinces of Goa, Daman and Diu in the National Assembly at Lisbon.\n\n", "Q463038": "Frank Stuart Miller, , (May 14, 1927 \u2013 July 21, 2000) was a Canadian politician, who served as the 19th Premier of Ontario for four months in 1985. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1971 as a Progressive Conservative member of the central Ontario riding of Muskoka. He served in the cabinet of Premier Bill Davis in several portfolios including Minister of Health and Minister of Natural Resources. He also served five years as the Treasurer of Ontario.\nWhen Davis announced his pending resignation in 1985, Miller vied for the leadership of the party and won over a slate of three other candidates. In February, 1985 he formed a cabinet of 33 ministers which was the largest cabinet in Ontario's history. Miller quickly called an election which was held on May 2. His party lost 18 seats but still held the most seats with 52. He formed a minority government which lasted less than two months when the Liberals under David Peterson and the New Democrats led by Bob Rae formed an unofficial coalition and defeated the government on a confidence motion on June 26. Initially Miller stayed on as leader of the opposition, but resigned shortly after.\nUpon retirement from provincial politics, he moved back to Muskoka where he became chairman of the District of Muskoka. He died in 2000.", "Q21062051": "Close to the Enemy is a British period drama miniseries set in the late 1940s in London. It is written and directed by Stephen Poliakoff, starring Jim Sturgess, Freddie Highmore, Charlotte Riley, Phoebe Fox, Alfred Molina, Lindsay Duncan, August Diehl, Alfie Allen, Angela Bassett, Antje Traue and Robert Glenister. It premiered in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 10 November 2016.", "Q16872": "Aaron Kwok Fu-shing (born 26 October 1965) is a Hong Kong singer, dancer and actor. Active since the 1980s, Kwok is one of the \"Four Heavenly Kings\" of Hong Kong. Kwok's onstage dancing is influenced by Michael Jackson. While most of his songs are in the dance-pop genre, he has experimented with rock and roll, ballad, rock, R&B, soul, electronica and traditional Chinese music.He received the \"Ten Most Outstanding Young Persons Award\" in 2003.", "Q180626": "Louis Cha Leung-yung (Chinese: \u67e5\u826f\u93de; 6 February 1924 \u2013 30 October 2018), better known by his pen name Jin Yong (Chinese: \u91d1\u5eb8), pronounced \"Gum Yoong\" in Cantonese, was a Chinese wuxia (\"martial arts and chivalry\") novelist and essayist who co-founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Pao in 1959 and served as its first editor-in-chief. He was Hong Kong's most famous writer.His wuxia novels have a widespread following in Chinese communities worldwide. His 15 works written between 1955 and 1972 earned him a reputation as one of the greatest and most popular wuxia writers ever. By the time of his death he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold worldwide (not including an unknown number of pirated copies). According to The Oxford Guide to Contemporary World Literature, Jin Yong's novels are considered to be of very high quality and are able to appeal to both highbrow and lowbrow tastes. His works have the unusual ability to transcend geographical and ideological barriers separating Chinese communities of the world, achieving a greater success than any other contemporary Hong Kong writer.His works have been translated into many languages including English, French, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai, Burmese, Malay and Indonesian. He has many fans outside of Chinese-speaking areas, as a result of the numerous adaptations of his works into films, television series, comics and video games.\nThe asteroid 10930 Jinyong (1998 CR2) is named after him.Jin Yong is named along with Gu Long and Liang Yusheng as the \"Three Legs of the Tripod of Wuxia\".", "Q71631": "Walther W\u00fcst (7 May 1901, Kaiserslautern \u2013 21 March 1993) was a German Indo-Europeanist and Vedicist in the first half of the 20th century who served as Rector of the University of Munich from 1941 to 1945. W\u00fcst was a committed Nazi, joining the SS in 1936 and being appointed President of the Research Institute of the Ahnenerbe SS in 1937. He eventually attained the rank of Oberf\u00fchrer. He stood trial in 1949 during denazification and was categorized as an offender (Belasteter). His most prominent students were the Indo-Iranianist Karl Hoffmann and the Iranian Nazi Davud Monshizadeh.", "Q187149": "Umberto II (Italian: Umberto Nicola Tommaso Giovanni Maria di Savoia; 15 September 1904 \u2013 18 March 1983) was the last King of Italy. He reigned for 34 days, from 9 May 1946 to 12 June 1946, although he had been de facto head of state since 1944, and was nicknamed the May King (Italian: Re di Maggio).\nUmberto was the only son among the five children of King Victor Emmanuel III and Queen Elena. In an effort to repair the monarchy's image after the fall of Benito Mussolini's regime, Victor Emmanuel transferred his powers to Umberto in 1944 while retaining the title of king. As a referendum on the abolition of the monarchy was in preparation, Victor Emmanuel abdicated his throne in favour of Umberto in the hope that his exit might bolster the monarchy. However, the referendum passed, Italy was declared a republic, and Umberto lived out the rest of his life in exile in Cascais, on the Portuguese Riviera.", "Q380852": "Kenneth John Ortega (born April 18, 1950) is an American filmmaker, touring manager, and choreographer. He directed the films Newsies (1992), Hocus Pocus (1993), the High School Musical trilogy (2006\u20132008), Michael Jackson's This Is It (2009) and the Descendants trilogy (2015\u20132019). Ortega has choreographed films including St. Elmo's Fire (1985), Pretty in Pink (1986), Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986) and Dirty Dancing (1987). He has also directed multiple concert tours, including tours for Cher, Gloria Estefan, and Michael Jackson. In 2019, Ortega was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q615102": "Rayko Nikolov Aleksiev (Bulgarian: \u0420\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0432) (March 7, 1893 \u2013 November 18, 1944) was a Bulgarian painter, caricaturist, and writer of feuilletons. He established Shturets, a hugely successful satirical newspaper, in 1932.\nKnown for his uncompromising satire, Aleksiev was especially unloved by Bulgarian communists due to his famous caricatures of Joseph Stalin. After the Bulgarian coup d'\u00e9tat of 1944 he was, like many other intellectuals, arrested by the newly formed people's militia. While under arrest, he was severely beaten over the course of several days. He died from his wounds. Aleksiev was posthumously sentenced to death by the People's Court.", "Q335757": "In some jurisdictions, an assessor is a judge's or magistrate's assistant. This is the historical meaning of this word.\nIn common law jurisdictions, assessors are usually non-lawyers who sit together with a judge to provide either expert advice (such as on maritime matters) or guidance on local practices. The use of assessors nowadays is quite rare. In some jurisdictions, such as Fiji, assessors are used in place of juries. An assessor's opinion or view of a case is not binding on a judge.\nThe term \"assessor\" is also very generally applied to persons appointed to ascertain and fix the value of rates and taxes, and in this sense the word is used in the United States (see Assessor (property)).", "Q434160": "Edward Palmer Thompson (3 February 1924 \u2013 28 August 1993) was a British historian, writer, socialist and peace campaigner. He is probably best known today for his historical work on the British radical movements in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, in particular The Making of the English Working Class (1963).Thompson published biographies of William Morris (1955) and (posthumously) William Blake (1993) and was a prolific journalist and essayist. He published the novel The Sykaos Papers and a collection of poetry.\nHis work is considered by some to have been among the most important contributions to labour history and social history in the latter twentieth-century, with a global impact, including on scholarship in Asia and Africa.Thompson was one of the principal intellectuals of the Communist Party in Great Britain. Although he left the party in 1956 over the Soviet invasion of Hungary, he nevertheless remained a \"historian in the Marxist tradition\", calling for a rebellion against Stalinism as a prerequisite for the restoration of communists' \"confidence in our own revolutionary perspectives\".Thompson played a key role in the first New Left in Britain in the late 1950s. He was a vociferous left-wing socialist critic of the Labour governments of 1964\u201370 and 1974\u201379, and an early and constant supporter of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, becoming during the 1980s the leading intellectual light of the movement against nuclear weapons in Europe.\n\n", "Q324882": "Desiderio Alberto Arnaz IV (born January 19, 1953), known professionally as Desi Arnaz Jr., is an American actor and musician. He is the son of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz.", "Q189164": "Feodor Ivanovich Chaliapin (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0301\u043f\u0438\u043d, tr. Fyodor Ivanovich Shalyapin, IPA: [\u02c8f\u02b2\u0275d\u0259r \u026a\u02c8van\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0282\u0250\u02c8l\u02b2ap\u02b2\u026an]; February 13 [O.S. February 1] 1873 \u2013 April 12, 1938) was a Russian opera singer. Possessing a deep and expressive bass voice, he enjoyed an important international career at major opera houses and is often credited with establishing the tradition of naturalistic acting in his chosen art form.During the first phase of his career, Chaliapin endured direct competition from three other great basses: the powerful Lev Sibiriakov (1869\u20131942), the more lyrical Vladimir Kastorsky (1871\u20131948), and Dmitri Buchtoyarov (1866\u20131918), whose voice was intermediate between those of Sibiriakov and Kastorsky. The fact that Chaliapin is far and away the best remembered of this magnificent quartet of rival basses is a testament to the power of his personality, the acuteness of his musical interpretations, and the vividness of his performances.", "Q1361117": "John Francis Dodge (October 25, 1864 \u2013 January 14, 1920) was an American automobile manufacturing pioneer and co-founder of Dodge Brothers Company.", "Q26769": "Biljana Plav\u0161i\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0411\u0438\u0459\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u045b; born 7 July 1930) is a Bosnian Serb convicted war criminal and retired politician who served as president of Republika Srpska. She was indicted in 2001 by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) for war crimes committed during the Bosnian War. She plea-bargained with the ICTY and was sentenced to 11 years in prison in 2003, to be served in a Swedish prison.She was released on 27 October 2009 after serving two-thirds of her sentence. Plav\u0161i\u0107 is, together with Radovan Karad\u017ei\u0107, the highest ranking Bosnian Serb politician to be sentenced. Before entering politics, she taught biology at the University of Sarajevo.", "Q78173": "Robert Tillmanns (April 5, 1896 in Barmen \u2013 November 12, 1955 in Berlin) was a German politician.", "Q77240": "Feleknas Uca (born 17 September 1976) is a Turkish politician of Kurdish descent. From 1999 to 2009, she was member of the European Parliament from Germany, serving with Die Linke. Feleknas Uca was at one time the world's only Yazidi parliamentarian until the Iraqi legislature was elected in 2005. In June 2015, she was elected as a Member of Parliament in Turkey representing Diyarbak\u0131r.\n\n", "Q352914": "Karel Jarom\u00edr Erben (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8kar\u025bl \u02c8jaromi\u02d0r \u02c8\u025brb\u025bn]; 7 November 1811 \u2013 21 November 1870) was a Czech folklorist and poet of the mid-19th century, best known for his collection Kytice (Czech: Bouquet), which contains poems based on traditional and folkloric themes.\nHe also wrote P\u00edsn\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00ed v \u010cech\u00e1ch (Folk Songs of Bohemia) which contains 500 songs and Proston\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b a \u0159\u00edkadla (Czech Folk Songs and Nursery Rhymes), a five-part book that brings together most of Czech folklore.", "Q31215": "Milo\u0161 Crnjanski (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0448 \u0426\u0440\u045a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438, pronounced [m\u00eelo\u0283 tsr\u0272\u01censki]; 26 October 1893 \u2013 30 November 1977) was a Serbian writer and poet of the expressionist wing of Serbian modernism, author, and a diplomat.", "Q309086": "Licence to Kill is a 1989 spy film and the sixteenth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and the last to star Timothy Dalton in the role of the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Its story sees Bond being suspended from MI6 as he pursues drug lord Franz Sanchez, who has ordered an attack against his CIA friend Felix Leiter and the murder of Felix's wife during their honeymoon.\nLicence to Kill was the first film in the series to not use the title of an Ian Fleming story. Although its plotline is largely original, it contains elements of the Fleming novel Live and Let Die and the short story \"The Hildebrand Rarity\", interwoven with a sabotage premise influenced by Akira Kurosawa's film Yojimbo. It was the fifth and final consecutive Bond film to be directed by John Glen, as well as the last to feature actors Robert Brown as M and Caroline Bliss as Miss Moneypenny, and the final Bond film to utilise the services of screenwriter Richard Maibaum, title designer Maurice Binder, and producer Albert R. Broccoli before Maibaum and Binder's deaths in 1991, and Broccoli's passing in 1996. Originally titled Licence Revoked in line with the plot, the name was changed during post-production due to American test audiences associating the term with driving.\nBudgetary reasons resulted in Licence to Kill becoming the first Bond film to be shot entirely outside the United Kingdom: principal photography took place on location in Mexico and the US, while interiors were filmed at Estudios Churubusco instead of Pinewood Studios. The film earned over $156 million worldwide, and enjoyed a generally positive critical reception, with ample praise for the stunts, but attracted some criticism for its significantly darker tone than its predecessors, which carried into Dalton's portrayal of the character.", "Q523346": "Andr\u00e9 Waterkeyn (23 August 1917 \u2013 4 October 2005) was a Belgian engineer, born in Wimbledon, best known for creating the Atomium.\nWaterkeyn was the economic director of Fabrimetal (now Agoria), a federation of metallurgical companies when in 1954 he was asked to design a building for the 1958 World Expo that would symbolize Belgian engineering skills.\nWaterkeyn owned the copyrights of all reproductions of the Atomium until he passed it over to the organisation owning the original building around the years 2000. He was chairman of the board of the Atomium until 2002, when his son took over. He died in Brussels in 2005. After his death, the top sphere was named after him.", "Q108334": "Anneliese Bl\u00e4sing (2 June 1923 \u2013 31 January 1996) was a German politician. A member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) at the age of 17 until the end of World War II, she later became a founding member of the NPD and was the national women's officer of the party. From 1953 to 1957 she was a secretary in the German Bundestag and from 1 December 1966 to 30 November 1970 she was a member of the Hesse state parliament.", "Q213974": "Johann Karl August Mus\u00e4us (29 March 1735 \u2013 28 October 1787) was a popular German author and one of the first collectors of German folk stories, most celebrated for his Volksm\u00e4rchen der Deutschen (1782\u20131786), a collection of German fairy tales retold as satires.", "Q2332751": "Avant-garde music is music that is considered to be at the forefront of innovation in its field, with the term \"avant-garde\" implying a critique of existing aesthetic conventions, rejection of the status quo in favor of unique or original elements, and the idea of deliberately challenging or alienating audiences. Avant-garde music may be distinguished from experimental music by the way it adopts an extreme position within a certain tradition, whereas experimental music lies outside tradition.", "Q32734": "Cold Sweat is a 1970 French-Italian international co-production starring Charles Bronson and directed by Terence Young. It is based on the 1959 novel Ride the Nightmare by Richard Matheson. It was filmed in and around Beaulieu-sur-Mer.", "Q255921": "Jymn Magon (; born December 7, 1949 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American television and film writer.\nHe spent 17 years at Walt Disney Studios, first producing children's records, then later moving to Walt Disney TV Animation. He created, story edited, and wrote on such shows as Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears, DuckTales, Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers, TaleSpin, Darkwing Duck, Goof Troop, Quack Pack and The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh. In 1993 he began a freelance career, writing and story editing for numerous studios. His TV and film projects include A Goofy Movie, Make Way for Noddy, Casper: A Spirited Beginning, Casper Meets Wendy, Archie's Weird Mysteries and All Dogs Go to Heaven: The Series. He also writes for ads, stage, books, and comics.\nHe also wrote three of the episodes for Sitting Ducks: \"Feather Island/King of the Bongos\", \"Holding Pen 13/Daredevill Ducks\" and \"Iced Duck/Duck Footed. While working at MGM Animation he worked as writer on MGM Sing Along Videos, The Secret of NIMH 2: Timmy to the Rescue and Tom Sawyer.\nHe was also a producer and creative consultant on Titanic: The Legend Goes On.\n\n", "Q459398": "Son of the Mask is a 2005 superhero comedy film directed by Lawrence Guterman. The film stars Jamie Kennedy as Tim Avery, an aspiring cartoonist from Fringe City who has just had his first child born with the powers of the Mask. It is a spin-off to the 1994 film The Mask, an adaptation of Dark Horse Comics which starred Jim Carrey and Cameron Diaz.\nIt also stars Alan Cumming as the god of mischief, Loki, whom Odin has ordered to find the Mask. It co-stars Traylor Howard, Kal Penn, Steven Wright, Bob Hoskins as Odin, and Ryan and Liam Falconer as Tim's baby Alvey. Ben Stein makes a brief reappearance in the beginning of the film as Dr. Arthur Neuman from The Mask to reestablish the relationship with the mask and Loki. Bill Farmer and Richard Steven Horvitz provide the voice and vocal effects of the masked Otis.", "Q151241": "Westlife are an Irish pop vocal group, who were formed in 1998 in Sligo, Ireland. They disbanded in 2012 and reunited in 2018. They were originally signed by Simon Cowell in the UK, Clive Davis in the US and managed by Louis Walsh and Sonny Takhar. The group currently consists of Shane Filan, Mark Feehily, Kian Egan, and Nicky Byrne, with Brian McFadden having left in 2004 to pursue a solo career.\nSo far, they have a total of thirteen major album releases, eleven of which are studio albums. Five albums are as a five-piece and eight are as a four-piece. The group rose to fame with their debut international self-titled studio album, Westlife (1999). It was followed by Coast to Coast (2000), World of Our Own (2001), Unbreakable \u2013 The Greatest Hits Vol. 1 (2002), and Turnaround (2003), which continued the group's success worldwide. Before the start of their Turnaround Tour in 2004, one of the original members, Brian McFadden, departed from the band. The four remaining members continued as a group to release their cover albums Allow Us to Be Frank (2004) and The Love Album (2006) and the studio albums Face to Face (2005) and Back Home (2007). After an almost one-year hiatus of studio recording in 2008, they regrouped and released the studio albums Where We Are (2009), and Gravity (2010), and the compilation album Greatest Hits (2011). After eight years, the quartet group released their eleventh studio album, Spectrum, in 2019.\nThe band has sold over 45 million records. The band has received over 1.5 billion views on their official YouTube channel alone with more than 2.4 million page subscribers as well, were streamed more than 300 million times, and more than 550 million streams on Spotify as of 2018 and more than a million followers on the said streaming media platform as of May 2019.\nThey generated singles such as \"Swear It Again\", \"If I Let You Go\", \"Flying Without Wings\", \"I Have a Dream\", \"Seasons in the Sun\", \"Fool Again\", \"My Love\", \"What Makes a Man\", \"Uptown Girl\", \"Unbreakable\", \"When You're Looking Like That\", \"Queen of My Heart\", \"Mandy\", \"Tonight\", \"Hey Whatever\", \"You Raise Me Up\", \"Bop Bop Baby\", \"The Rose\", and \"World of Our Own\". 19 out their 29 singles as lead artist and as featured artist received UK certifications from 1999 to 2019, 17 out of 29 singles from 1999 to 2009 reached the top 2 on the UK Singles Chart. They have the second most certifications for a boy band in the UK Singles Chart after Take That and the most singles certifications for a pop band on the UK number one singles artists chart since The Beatles.\nAccording to the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), Westlife has been certified for 13.1 million albums, 1.3 million video albums, and 10 million singles, with a total of more than 24 million combined sales in the UK. They are also currently ranked 19th with the most number-one albums of all time and sixth highest band in the list. The group have accumulated 14 number-one singles as a lead artist as well as having eight number-one albums in the United Kingdom, making them Ireland's most prolific chart-toppers. In 2012, the Official Charts Company listed Westlife 34th amongst the biggest-selling singles artist, 16th amongst the biggest selling groups, and 14th with most top ten hits all the highest for a boy band and a pop group in British music history. They are the biggest selling album group of the 2000s decade in the UK as well. Three of their studio albums were part of the 50 fastest selling albums of all time in the UK. The group have the most consecutive number-one studio albums in a decade in the UK and Ireland for a band since the Beatles and for a pop band and act since ABBA. Also in Ireland, they have 11 number-one albums with a total of 13 top two albums, 16 number-one singles as well as 34 top-fifty singles.\nThey are holders of the following Guinness World Records: first to achieve seven consecutive number-one singles in the UK, most public appearances in 36 hours by a pop group, most singles to debut at number one on the UK chart and top selling album group in the United Kingdom in the 21st century.It makes Westlife one of the most successful musical groups of all time, among the highest profile acts in 2000s popular culture in most territories worldwide, and one of the few boy bands to have continued success after their commercial peak. On the best-selling boy bands of all time list, they are currently eighth worldwide along with the biggest selling boy band from Ireland in history globally.\nWestlife have not managed to break into the US market so far, achieving only one hit single in 2000, \"Swear It Again\". Despite this, the United States ranked in the top five for the number of views of the band with an annual total of more than 30 million on their official YouTube channel alone with multiple videos uploaded as of June 2018.The pop band has received numerous accolades including one World Music Award, two Brit Awards, four MTV Awards, four Record of the Year Awards, with an overall total of 91 awards and 20 nominations so far. As a live act, Westlife have sold 5.5 million concert tickets worldwide from their fourteen concert tours so far. They still hold the record for the most shows played at The SSE Arena, Belfast and SSE Arena, Wembley. It makes them the biggest arena act of all-time in the United Kingdom. They sold out Croke Park Stadium in their home country in a record-breaking five minutes. Their fourteenth, and latest concert tour is called Stadiums in the Summer Tour.", "Q185776": "Big Fat Liar is a 2002 American teen comedy film, directed by Shawn Levy, written by Dan Schneider and Brian Robbins, and starring Frankie Muniz, Paul Giamatti, Amanda Bynes, Amanda Detmer, Donald Faison, Lee Majors, Russell Hornsby, and Kenan Thompson.\nThe film tells a story about a 14-year-old pathological liar, Jason Shepherd (Muniz), whose creative writing assignment is stolen by an arrogant Hollywood producer, Marty Wolf (Giamatti), who later plans to use it to make the fictional film of the same name. The film is an allusion to the Aesop's Fable, The Boy Who Cried Wolf, with Jason Shepherd being analogous to the shepherd boy in the story and Marty Wolf, analogous to the wolf. It was released in the United States on February 8, 2002.", "Q130873": "Menachem Begin (Hebrew: \u05de\u05b0\u05e0\u05b7\u05d7\u05b5\u05dd \u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u05d2\u05b4\u05d9\u05df Mena\u1e25em Begin (listen ); Polish: Mieczys\u0142aw Biegun; Russian: \u041c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0445\u0435\u043c \u0412\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043d Menakhem Volfovich Begin; 16 August 1913 \u2013 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel. Before the creation of the state of Israel, he was the leader of the Zionist militant group Irgun, the Revisionist breakaway from the larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah. He proclaimed a revolt, on 1 February 1944, against the British mandatory government, which was opposed by the Jewish Agency. As head of the Irgun, he targeted the British in Palestine. Later, the Irgun fought the Arabs during the 1947\u201348 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine.\nBegin was elected to the first Knesset, as head of Herut, the party he founded, and was at first on the political fringe, embodying the opposition to the Mapai-led government and Israeli establishment. He remained in opposition in the eight consecutive elections (except for a national unity government around the Six-Day War), but became more acceptable to the political center. His 1977 electoral victory and premiership ended three decades of Labor Party political dominance.\nBegin's most significant achievement as Prime Minister was the signing of a peace treaty with Egypt in 1979, for which he and Anwar Sadat shared the Nobel Prize for Peace. In the wake of the Camp David Accords, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula, which was captured from Egypt in the Six-Day War. Later, Begin's government promoted the construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Begin authorized the bombing of the Osirak nuclear plant in Iraq and the invasion of Lebanon in 1982 to fight PLO strongholds there, igniting the 1982 Lebanon War. As Israeli military involvement in Lebanon deepened, and the Sabra and Shatila massacre, carried out by Christian Phalangist militia allies of the Israelis, shocked world public opinion, Begin grew increasingly isolated. As IDF forces remained mired in Lebanon and the economy suffered from hyperinflation, the public pressure on Begin mounted. Depressed by the death of his wife Aliza in November 1982, he gradually withdrew from public life, until his resignation in October 1983.", "Q724485": "Myron Lavell Avant (born April 26, 1978), better known as Avant, is an American R&B singer and songwriter.", "Q176826": "The Last King of Scotland is a 2006 historical drama film based on Giles Foden's novel The Last King of Scotland (1998), adapted by screenwriters Peter Morgan and Jeremy Brock, and directed by Kevin Macdonald. The film was a co-production between companies from the United Kingdom and Germany.The film tells the fictional story of Nicholas Garrigan (James McAvoy), a young Scottish doctor who travels to Uganda and becomes the personal physician of President Idi Amin (Forest Whitaker). The film is based on events of Amin's rule, and the title comes from a reporter in a press conference who wishes to verify whether Amin, who was known to adopt fanciful imperial titles for himself, declared himself the King of Scotland. The film has an approval rating of 87% at Rotten Tomatoes, and Whitaker won Best Actor at the 2007 Academy Awards, among other accolades.\n\n", "Q725943": "Pierre-\u00c9douard L\u00e9montey (14 January 1762, Lyon \u2013 26 June 1826, Paris) was a French lawyer, politician, scholar and historian.", "Q823917": "The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. It received its royal charter in 1905 as successor to the University College of Sheffield, which was established in 1897 by the merger of Sheffield Medical School (founded in 1828), Firth College (1879) and Sheffield Technical School (1884).Sheffield is a multi-campus university predominantly over two campus areas: the Western Bank and the St George's. The university is organised into five academic faculties composed of multiple departments. It had 19,610 undergraduate and 10,585 postgraduate students in 2018/19. The annual income of the institution for 2017\u201318 was \u00a3678.3 million of which \u00a3196.8 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3627.8 million. Sheffield ranks among the top 10 of UK universities for research grant funding, and it has become number one in the UK for income and investment in engineering research according to new data published by the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA).Sheffield was placed 78th worldwide and 12th in the UK according to QS World University Rankings and 106th worldwide and 12th in the UK according to Times Higher Education World University Rankings. It was also ranked 12th in the UK amongst multi-faculty institutions for the quality (GPA) of its research and for its Research Power in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework. In 2011, Sheffield was named 'University of the Year' in the Times Higher Education awards. The Times Higher Education Student Experience Survey 2014 ranked the University of Sheffield 1st for student experience, social life, university facilities and accommodation, among other categories.It is one of the original red brick universities, a member of the Russell Group of research-intensive universities, the Worldwide Universities Network, the N8 Group of the eight most research intensive universities in Northern England and the White Rose University Consortium. There are eight Nobel laureates affiliated with Sheffield and six of them are the alumni or former long-term staff of the university.", "Q376652": "Lou Castel (born Ulv Quarzell; 28 May 1943) is a Swedish actor who became known through his work in Italian films.", "Q6869316": "Minos EMI is a record company based in Athens, Greece. The company serves as the Greek record label and offices of the multinational Universal Music Group.\nEMI is credited for founding the record business in Greece in the 1930s, by producing the first records and building the country's first recording studio.", "Q105610": "Werner Asam (born October 17, 1944, in Mallersdorf, Germany) is a German television actor, director, and writer.\nHe played several roles in Derrick during the 1980s and 1990s.", "Q305864": "Abbas Attar (Persian: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u200e; full name: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u02bfAbb\u0101s \u02bfA\u1e6d\u1e6d\u0101r; 29 March 1944 \u2013 25 April 2018), better known by his mononym Abbas, was an Iranian photographer known for his photojournalism in Biafra, Vietnam and South Africa in the 1970s, and for his extensive essays on religions in later years. He was a member of Sipa Press from 1971 to 1973, a member of Gamma from 1974 to 1980, and joined Magnum Photos in 1981.", "Q2437300": "Frederick (1377\u20131387) was the Judge of Arborea from 1383 until his death. His surname was Doria, but since he belonged to the ruling house of Arborea he is often dynastically called Bas-Serra, or Doria-Bas. Nephew and successor of Hugh III, he was a minor upon his succession and was under the tutelage of his mother Eleanor.\nHe was born at Castel Genovese (modern Castelsardo) in 1377 to Eleanor and Brancaleone Doria, a Genoese nobleman. In 1382, Eleanor was residing in Genoa, where she made a pact with the Doge Nicol\u00f2 Guarco that loaned him 4,000 florins and promised Frederick in marriage to the doge's daughter Bianchina. If the girl died before the marriage could take place, the agreement would be null. Frederick never reached puberty and the accord never came into effect.\nUpon Hugh's death in a republican uprising, the barons of the realm gathered in a parliament and elected Frederick judge. Eleanor immediately set to work defeating the rebels and securing her son's realm. No sooner, the Giudicato fell into another bitter war with the Crown of Aragon, who laid claim to the island. During the war, Frederick was captured together with his father by its monarch Peter IV of Aragon, and they both were imprisoned in Cagliari, first in the tower of San Pancrazio and then in that of Elefante.\nFrederick died in captivity in 1387, the same year as Peter. He was succeeded by his younger brother Marianus V, also under the regency of Eleanor.", "Q68348": "Georg Andreas B\u00f6ckler (c. 1617 \u2013 21 February 1687) was a German architect and engineer who wrote Architectura Curiosa Nova (1664) and Theatrum Machinarum Novum (1661).", "Q82949": "Rocky V is a 1990 American sports drama film. It is the fifth film in the Rocky series, written by and starring Sylvester Stallone, and co-starring Talia Shire, Stallone's real-life son Sage, and real-life boxer Tommy Morrison, with Morrison in the role of Tommy Gunn, a talented yet raw boxer. Sage played Rocky Balboa, Jr, whose relationship with his famous father is explored. After Stallone directed the second through fourth films in the series, Rocky V saw the return of John G. Avildsen, whose direction of Rocky won him an Academy Award for Best Director.\nReception to the film was generally negative and it was (at the time) considered a disappointing conclusion when this was presumed to be the last movie in the series. Stallone himself has since admitted that he too was disappointed with how the film turned out. The box office gross was $180 million below that of Rocky IV. Rocky V marked the final appearances of Talia Shire and Burgess Meredith in the Rocky series. Due to the low box office result, Rocky V was the last Rocky film with which United Artists had any involvement. Though this was presumed to be the ending of the series, a sixth film, Rocky Balboa, was released in 2006 and garnered much more favorable reviews. Stallone has also brought the Rocky character back in the spin-offs Creed and Creed II.", "Q374045": "Laurence Harvey (born Laruschka Mischa Skikne; 1 October 1928 \u2013 25 November 1973) was a Lithuanian-born actor. In a career that spanned a quarter of a century, Harvey appeared in stage, film and television productions primarily in the United Kingdom and the United States. His performance in Room at the Top (1959) resulted in an Academy Award nomination. That success was followed by the roles of William Barret Travis in The Alamo and Weston Liggett in BUtterfield 8, both films released in the autumn of 1960. He also appeared as the brainwashed Raymond Shaw in The Manchurian Candidate (1962).", "Q433627": "Jill Whelan (born September 29, 1966) is an American actress. She played Vicki Stubing, the daughter of Captain Stubing in the hit television series The Love Boat.", "Q680327": "Mark Lemon (30 November 1809, in London \u2013 23 May 1870, in Crawley) was founding editor of both Punch and The Field.\n\n", "Q26741": "Brian Drummond (born August 10, 1969) is a Canadian voice actor. He formerly served on the board of directors for the New Westminster-based Urban Academy along with his wife, Laura Drummond, also a voice artist. Usually working with Ocean Productions, he tends to be cast as an antagonist.\n\n", "Q60714": "Karl Rudolf Werner Best (10 July 1903 \u2013 23 June 1989) was a German Nazi, jurist, police chief, SS-Obergruppenf\u00fchrer and Nazi Party leader and theoretician from Darmstadt, Hesse. He was the first chief of Department 1 of the Gestapo, Nazi Germany's secret police, and initiated a registry of all Jews in Germany. As a deputy of SS-Obergruppenf\u00fchrer Reinhard Heydrich, he organized the World War II SS-Einsatzgruppen paramilitary death squads that were responsible for mass killings.\nBest served in the German military occupation administration of France (1940\u20131942), and then became the civilian administrator of occupied Denmark (1942\u20131945). Convicted of war crimes in Denmark, Best was released in 1951. He escaped further prosecution in West Germany in 1972 due to ill health and died in 1989, aged 85.", "Q538000": "Serena Lauren Ryder (born December 8, 1982) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. Born in Toronto, she grew up in Millbrook, Ontario. Ryder first gained national recognition with her ballad \"Weak in the Knees\" in 2007, and has released seven albums.", "Q181276": "Szolnok (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8solnok]) is the county seat of J\u00e1sz-Nagykun-Szolnok county in central Hungary. Its location on the banks of the Tisza river, at the heart of the Great Hungarian Plain, has made it an important cultural and economic crossroads for centuries.\n\n", "Q1477512": "Russian University of Transport (MIIT) (formerly Emperor Nicholas II Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, until 2016 named after Felix Dzerzhinsky) (MIIT), or Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u044f II (\u041c\u0413\u0423\u041f\u0421 (\u041c\u0418\u0418\u0422), is the leading and largest higher education institution in the field of railway transport in Moscow, Russia, with more than 17,000 undergraduate and postgraduate students. Every year about 25,000 top managers and specialists take professional development courses at MIIT.", "Q60072": "The Sound of Music is a 1965 American musical drama film produced and directed by Robert Wise, and starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer, with Richard Haydn and Eleanor Parker. The film is an adaptation of the 1959 stage musical of the same name, composed by Richard Rodgers with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II. The film's screenplay was written by Ernest Lehman, adapted from the stage musical's book by Lindsay and Crouse. Based on the memoir The Story of the Trapp Family Singers by Maria von Trapp, the film is about a young Austrian postulant in Salzburg, Austria, in 1938 who is sent to the villa of a retired naval officer and widower to be governess to his seven children. After bringing love and music into the lives of the family, she marries the officer and, together with the children, finds a way to survive the loss of their homeland to the Nazis.\nThe film was released on March 2, 1965, in the United States, initially as a limited roadshow theatrical release. Although critical response to the film was mixed, the film was a major commercial success, becoming the number one box office movie after four weeks, and the highest-grossing film of 1965. By November 1966, The Sound of Music had become the highest-grossing film of all-time\u2014surpassing Gone with the Wind\u2014and held that distinction for five years. The film was just as popular throughout the world, breaking previous box-office records in twenty-nine countries. Following an initial theatrical release that lasted four and a half years, and two successful re-releases, the film sold 283 million admissions worldwide and earned a total worldwide gross of $286,000,000.\nThe Sound of Music received five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director. The film also received two Golden Globe Awards, for Best Motion Picture and Best Actress, the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement, and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Musical. In 1998, the American Film Institute (AFI) listed The Sound of Music as the fifty-fifth greatest American movie of all time, and the fourth greatest movie musical. In 2001, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".\n\n", "Q322565": "Ian Donald (27 December 1910 in Liskeard \u2013 19 June 1987) was an English physician and was most notable for pioneering the diagnostic use of ultrasound in obstetrics enabling the visual discovery of abnormalities in pregnancy. Donald was Regius Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Glasgow. Donald's work was characterised by a series of remarkable collaborations between clinicians and engineers that strove to build instruments to enable the examination of the unborn and that eventually enabled him to build the world's first obstetric ultrasound machine, the Diasonograph in 1963. His other great achievement was to secure the construction of the Queen Mother's Maternity Hospital that was built next to the Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow in Glasgow.", "Q70261": "Winrich Behr (22 January 1918 \u2013 25 April 2011) was a German officer during World War II. He was on the intelligence staff of the Sixth Army during the Stalingrad encirclement. Behr had served Friedrich Paulus, Erwin Rommel, Gunther von Kluge, Walter Model. He was the witness of Model's last hours in Ruhr Pocket.In January 1943 he was sent by Paulus to try to convince Hitler of the hopelessness of winning the war on the Eastern Front; this mission did not succeed.After the war, Behr began studying at the University of Bonn. He served as the assistant general secretary of the Europ\u00e4ische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft (EWG, or European Economic Union) Commission in Brussels.A decade after the war, Winrich Behr sought out the burial site of the Field Marshal Walter Model in the isolated woods south of Duisburg, together with Hansgeorg Model, the field marshal's son.", "Q188534": "Grindcore is an extreme fusion genre of heavy metal and hardcore punk that originated in the mid-1980s, drawing inspiration from abrasive-sounding musical styles, such as: thrashcore, crust punk, hardcore punk, extreme metal, and industrial. Grindcore is characterized by a noise-filled sound that uses heavily distorted, down-tuned guitars, grinding overdriven bass, high speed tempo, blast beats, and vocals which consist of growls and high-pitched shrieks. Early groups like Napalm Death are credited with laying the groundwork for the style. It is most prevalent today in North America and Europe, with popular contributors such as Brutal Truth and Nasum. Lyrical themes range from a primary focus on social and political concerns, to gory subject matter and black humor.\nA trait of grindcore is the \"microsong\". Several bands have produced songs that are only seconds in length. British band Napalm Death holds the Guinness World Record for shortest song ever recorded with the one-second \"You Suffer\" (1987). Many bands, such as Agoraphobic Nosebleed, record simple phrases that may be rhythmically sprawled out across an instrumental lasting only a couple of bars in length.\nA variety of microgenres have subsequently emerged, often labeling bands according to traits that deviate from regular grindcore, including goregrind, focused on themes of gore (e.g. mutilation and pathology), and pornogrind, fixated on pornographic lyrical themes. Another offshoot is electrogrind (or cybergrind) which incorporates electronic music elements such as sampling and programmed drums. Although influential within hardcore and extreme metal, grindcore remains an underground form of music.", "Q20456": "Dances with Wolves is a 1990 American epic Western film starring, directed and produced by Kevin Costner in his feature directorial debut. It is a film adaptation of the 1988 book of the same name by Michael Blake that tells the story of Union Army lieutenant John J. Dunbar (Costner) who travels to the American frontier to find a military post and of his dealings with a group of Lakota.\nCostner developed the film with an initial budget of $15 million. Much of the dialogue is spoken in Lakota with English subtitles. It was shot from July to November 1989 in South Dakota and Wyoming, and translated by Albert White Hat, the chair of the Lakota Studies Department at Sinte Gleska University.\nThe film earned favorable reviews from critics and audiences, who praised Costner's directing, the performances, screenplay, and production values. The film was a massive box office hit, grossing $424.2 million worldwide, making it the fourth highest-grossing film of 1990, and is the highest-grossing film for Orion Pictures. The film was nominated for twelve Academy Awards at the 63rd Academy Awards and won seven including Best Picture, Best Director for Costner, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Film Editing, Best Cinematography, Best Original Score, and Best Sound Mixing. The film also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama.\nThe film is credited as a leading influence for the revitalization of the Western genre of filmmaking in Hollywood. In 2007, Dances with Wolves was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q66403": "Bellach is a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q57806": "Antonis Samaras (Greek: \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2, pronounced [an\u02c8donis sama\u02c8\u027eas]; born 23 May 1951) is a Greek politician who served as Prime Minister of Greece from 2012 to 2015. A member of the New Democracy party, he was its president from 2009 until 2015. Samaras started his national political career as Minister of Finance in 1989; he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1989 to 1992 (with a brief interruption in 1990) and Minister of Culture and Sports in 2009.\nSamaras was previously best known for a 1993 controversy in which he effectively caused the New Democracy government, of which he was a member, to fall from power. In spite of this, he rejoined the party in 2004 and was elected to its leadership in a closely fought intra-party election in late 2009. He was the seventh party leader since it was founded in 1974.", "Q334307": "Se\u00e1n Redmond Etchingham (27 March 1868 \u2013 23 April 1923) was an Irish Sinn F\u00e9in politician.He was born in the townland of Ballintray, Courtown, County Wexford, one of five children of John Etchingham, described as a coachman, servant or butler, and Elizabeth (Bessie) Redmond, both of whom were also from County Wexford. Like two of his siblings, his surname was recorded as Hutchingham in the birth register, although the family is referred to as Etchingham in most official documents.\nIn 1901, he was living in Church Lane, Gorey, where he was employed as a horse trainer. By 1911, he was back in Courtown, where he gave his profession as journalist in the census of that year.He became a member of the Irish Volunteers, Sinn F\u00e9in, the Gaelic League and the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB).\nHe was jailed in 1916 for his part in the Enniscorthy raid to seize the railway and to prevent reinforcements reaching Dublin to put down the Easter Rising. When the Dublin rising failed, Etchingham surrendered and was arrested, but released in the amnesty of 1917.He was first elected as a Sinn F\u00e9in candidate for Wicklow East at the 1918 general election. As with the other Sinn F\u00e9in MPs, he did not take his seat in the British House of Commons, sitting instead in the revolutionary First D\u00e1il, which met in the Mansion House, Dublin in January 1919.\nHe was later appointed to the government as Secretary for Fisheries. He was re-elected in the 1921 general election but retired from politics at the next election. He opposed the Anglo-Irish Treaty in the D\u00e1il debates and again at the Volunteer Executive.\nHe was jailed in 1923 during the Irish Civil War and died in prison from natural causes later that year.", "Q248970": "Berklee College of Music is a private music college in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world. Known for the study of jazz and modern American music, it also offers college-level courses in a wide range of contemporary and historic styles, including rock, hip hop, reggae, salsa, heavy metal and bluegrass. Berklee alumni have won 294 Grammy Awards, more than any other college, and 95 Latin Grammy Awards. Other notable accolades for its alumni include 19 Emmy Awards, 5 Tony Awards and 5 Academy Awards.\nSince 2012, Berklee College of Music has also operated a campus in Valencia, Spain. In December 2015, Berklee College of Music and the Boston Conservatory agreed to a merger. The combined institution is known as Berklee, with the conservatory becoming The Boston Conservatory at Berklee.", "Q624491": "Hong Myong-hui or Hong Myung-hee (Korean: \ud64d\uba85\ud76c; Hanja: \u6d2a\u547d\u71b9; July 3, 1888 \u2013 March 5, 1968) was a Korean novelist during the colonial period, and later a North Korean novelist.\nHe was born in Dongbu-ri, Goesan county, Chungcheongbuk-do, where he took part in the 3.1 Movement in 1919. In the 1920s, he served as an editor of the Donga Ilbo. After the Korean War, he occupied various important positions in North Korea.\nHe is buried in the Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery in Hyongjesan-guyok, Pyongyang, North Korea. His grandson, Hong Sok-jung, is also a well known North Korean author.", "Q324114": "Scott Thompson (born June 12, 1959) is a Canadian television actor and comedian, best known for being a member of the comedy troupe The Kids in the Hall.", "Q425723": "Antony \"Antton\" Lant is an English drummer, best known for his time with British thrash metal band Venom. He was the band's drummer from 2000-2009 and recorded three albums with them. His oldest brother is Graham Lant former drummer of Prefab Sprout he is also the brother of Venom's lead singer \"Cronos\" and direct cousin of the front man of Enthroned and occultist, Nornagest.\nHe left Venom in order to concentrate on his groove metal band DEF CON ONE.\nHe was also a part of the metal band Dryll together with former Venom guitarist Jeffrey Dunn. Although he is best known as a drummer, he is also an avid guitarist.\nLant played drums for Mpire of Evil (formerly Primevil), alongside Jeffrey Dunn and Tony Dolan until 2012 before leaving to concentrate on DEF CON ONE. In 2012, they released the album Warface with Antton on drums.\n\n", "Q1045031": "Liu Chuanzhi (simplified Chinese: \u67f3\u4f20\u5fd7; traditional Chinese: \u67f3\u50b3\u5fd7; pinyin: Li\u01d4 Chu\u00e1nzh\u00ec; born 29 April 1944) is a Chinese businessman. Liu is the founder of Lenovo, one of the largest computer makers in the world. He remains one of the leaders of the company.\n\n", "Q905": "Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 \u2013 3 June 1924) was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer, widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It typically features isolated protagonists facing bizarre or surrealistic predicaments and incomprehensible socio-bureaucratic powers. It has been interpreted as exploring themes of alienation, existential anxiety, guilt, and absurdity. His best known works include \"Die Verwandlung\" (\"The Metamorphosis\"), Der Process (The Trial), and Das Schloss (The Castle). The term Kafkaesque has entered the English language to describe situations like those found in his writing.Kafka was born into a middle-class Ashkenazi Jewish family in Prague, the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, today the capital of the Czech Republic. He trained as a lawyer and after completing his legal education was employed full-time by an insurance company, forcing him to relegate writing to his spare time. Over the course of his life, Kafka wrote hundreds of letters to family and close friends, including his father, with whom he had a strained and formal relationship. He became engaged to several women but never married. He died in 1924 at the age of 40 from tuberculosis.\nFew of Kafka's works were published during his lifetime: the story collections Betrachtung (Contemplation) and Ein Landarzt (A Country Doctor), and individual stories (such as \"Die Verwandlung\") were published in literary magazines but received little public attention. In his will, Kafka instructed his executor and friend Max Brod to destroy his unfinished works, including his novels Der Process, Das Schloss and Der Verschollene (translated as both Amerika and The Man Who Disappeared), but Brod ignored these instructions. His work has influenced a vast range of writers, critics, artists, and philosophers during the 20th and 21st centuries.", "Q1063948": "Charles E. Clark (March 11, 1945, Chicago \u2013 April 15, 1969, Chicago) was an American jazz double-bassist.\nBefore embarking on a professional career in 1963, Clark studied bass with Wilbur Ware. He played with Muhal Richard Abrams in the latter's Experimental Band between 1966 and 1968, recording with the ensemble on the album Levels and Degrees of Light. He was also one of the founders of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians. Clark played live with Joseph Jarman in the late 1960s, sometimes employing percussion, koto, and cello as well as bass, and performed on Jarman's Delmark Records releases, Song For (1966) and As If It Were the Seasons (1968). Jarman later noted that Clark's death, as well as the death of pianist Christopher Gaddy, played a role in his decision to disband his own ensemble and join the Art Ensemble of Chicago.", "Q62665": "The Sting is a 1973 American caper film set in September 1936, involving a complicated plot by two professional grifters (Paul Newman and Robert Redford) to con a mob boss (Robert Shaw). The film was directed by George Roy Hill, who had directed Newman and Redford in the western Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. Created by screenwriter David S. Ward, the story was inspired by real-life cons perpetrated by brothers Fred and Charley Gondorff and documented by David Maurer in his book The Big Con: The Story of the Confidence Man.\nThe title phrase refers to the moment when a con artist finishes the \"play\" and takes the mark's money. If a con is successful, the mark does not realize he has been cheated until the con men are long gone, if at all. The film is played out in distinct sections with old-fashioned title cards drawn by artist Jaroslav \"Jerry\" Gebr, the lettering and illustrations rendered in a style reminiscent of the Saturday Evening Post. The film is noted for its anachronistic use of ragtime, particularly the melody \"The Entertainer\" by Scott Joplin, which was adapted (along with others by Joplin) for the film by Marvin Hamlisch (and a top-ten chart single for Hamlisch when released as a single from the film's soundtrack). The film's success created a resurgence of interest in Joplin's work.Released on Christmas Day of 1973, The Sting received universal acclaim and was hugely successful at the 46th Academy Awards, being nominated for ten Oscars and winning seven, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Writing (Original Screenplay). In 2005, The Sting was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry of the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"", "Q797897": "Fitzwilliam College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England.\nThe college traces its origins back to 1869 and the foundation of the Non-Collegiate Students Board, a venture intended to offer academically excellent students from less financially privileged backgrounds a chance to study at the university. The institution was originally based at Fitzwilliam Hall (later renamed Fitzwilliam House), opposite the Fitzwilliam Museum in central Cambridge. Having moved to its present site in the north of the city, Fitzwilliam attained collegiate status in 1966. Female undergraduates were first admitted in 1978, around the time most colleges were first admitting women.\nFitzwilliam is now home to around 475 undergraduates, 400 graduate students and 90 fellows. By overall student numbers, it is the seventh-largest college in Cambridge as of 2018/19.\nNotable alumni of Fitzwilliam College include six Nobel Laureates, prominent academics, three heads of state or government, one current UK Supreme Court Justice, and a significant number of political figures including the former Liberal Democrats leader, a former Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the current and former Commissioners of the Metropolitan Police.", "Q436039": "Thomas Addison (April 1793 \u2013 29 June 1860) was an English physician and scientist. He is traditionally regarded as one of the \"great men\" of Guy's Hospital in London.\nAmong other pathologies, he discovered Addison's disease (a degenerative disease of the adrenal glands) and Addisonian anemia (pernicious anemia), a hematological disorder later found to be caused by failure to absorb vitamin B12.", "Q658994": "Brugg District is a district in the Canton of Aargau, Switzerland. The capital of the district is the town of Brugg.", "Q3490296": "Louise Ottilie Fresco (born 11 February 1952 in Meppel) is a Dutch scientist and writer known for her work on globally sustainable food production.", "Q712651": "Cho-Liang Lin (Lin Cho-liang, Chinese: \u6797\u662d\u4eae, born January 29, 1960), born in Hsinchu, Taiwan, is an American violinist who is renowned for his appearances as a soloist with major orchestras. \"Musical America\" named him its \"Instrumentalist of the Year\" in 2000. He founded the Taipei International Music Festival in 1997, the largest classical music festival in the history of Taiwan, performing to an indoor audience of over 53,000.", "Q73768": "Marius Goring, (23 May 1912 \u2013 30 September 1998) was an English stage and screen actor. He is best remembered for the four films he made with Powell & Pressburger, particularly as Conductor 71 in A Matter of Life and Death and as Julian Craster in The Red Shoes, and also for the title role in the long-running TV drama series, The Expert. He regularly performed French and German roles.", "Q160922": "Pope Celestine I (Latin: Caelestinus I) was the bishop of Rome from 10 September 422 to his death on 1 August 43. Celestine's tenure was largely spent combatting various ideologies deemed heretical. He supported the mission of the Gallic bishops that sent Germanus of Auxerre in 429, to Britain to address Pelagianism, and later commissioned Palladius as bishop to the Scots of Ireland and northern Britain. In 430, he held a synod in Rome which condemned the apparent views of Nestorius.", "Q438014": "Regina Annette Taylor (born August 22, 1960) is an American actress and playwright. She has won several awards throughout her career, including a Golden Globe Award and NAACP Image Award. In July 2017, Taylor was announced as the new Denzel Washington Endowed Chair in Theatre at Fordham University's theatre program.", "Q118641": "Marco Borradori (born 6 June 1959 in Lugano) is a Swiss lawyer and politician. Since 2013, he has been mayor of Lugano. His political party is the Lega dei Ticinesi (Ticino League).\n\n", "Q1689112": "James Michael Hiscott (born 4 December 1948) is a Canadian composer, radio producer, and accordionist. An associate of the Canadian Music Centre and a member of the Canadian League of Composers, his compositions are characterized by their strong rhythmic base, standard harmonic language, and merger of world music with contemporary sounds and instrumentation. He has received commissions from the Great Lakes Brass Quintet, the Manitoba Puppet Theatre, Metis Arts of Manitoba, and Music Inter Alia. His 1973 work Planes was premiered by the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra in 1986 under conductor by Kazuhiro Koizumi.", "Q1105367": "Jacqueline K. Barton (born May 7, 1952 New York City, NY), is an American chemist. She worked as a Professor of Chemistry at Hunter College (1980\u201382), and at Columbia University (1983\u201389) before joining the California Institute of Technology (1989-to present). In 1997 she became the Arthur and Marian Hanisch Memorial Professor of Chemistry and in 2009, the Chair of the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Caltech. She currently is the John G. Kirkwood and Arthur A. Noyes Professor and Norman Davidson Leadership Chair of the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering.\nBarton studies the chemical and physical properties of DNA and their roles in biological activities. The primary focus of her research is transverse electron transport along double-stranded DNA, its implications in the biology of DNA damage and repair, and its potential for materials sciences applications such as targeted chemotherapeutic treatments for cancer. Among many other awards, Barton has received the 2011 National Medal of Science and the 2015 Priestley Medal.", "Q107761": "You Only Live Twice is a 1967 spy film and the fifth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, starring Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. You Only Live Twice is the first Bond film to be directed by Lewis Gilbert, who later directed the 1977 film The Spy Who Loved Me and the 1979 film Moonraker, both starring Roger Moore. The film's screenplay was written by Roald Dahl, and loosely based on Ian Fleming's 1964 novel of the same name. It is the first James Bond film to discard most of Fleming's plot, using only a few characters and locations from the book as the background for an entirely new story.\nIn the film, Bond is dispatched to Japan after American and Soviet manned spacecraft disappear mysteriously in orbit. With each nation blaming the other amidst the Cold War, Bond travels secretly to a remote Japanese island to find the perpetrators and comes face to face with Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the head of SPECTRE. The film reveals the appearance of Blofeld, who was previously a partially unseen character. SPECTRE is working for the government of an unnamed Asian power, implied to be the People's Republic of China, to provoke war between the superpowers.During the filming in Japan, it was announced that Sean Connery would retire from the role of Bond, but after a hiatus, he returned in 1971's Diamonds Are Forever and later 1983's non-Eon Bond film Never Say Never Again.\nYou Only Live Twice was a great success, receiving positive reviews and grossing over $111 million in worldwide box office.", "Q744417": "Italo disco (various capitalized, and sometimes hyphenated as Italo-disco) is a music genre which originated in Italy and was mainly produced from the late 1970s to the late 1980s. Italo disco evolved from the then-current underground dance, pop, and electronic music, both domestic and foreign (American Hi-NRG, French Euro disco) and developed into a diverse genre. The genre employs drum machines, synthesizers, and occasionally vocoders. It is usually sung in English, and to a lesser extent in Italian and Spanish.\nThe origin of the genre's name is strongly tied to marketing efforts of the ZYX record label, which began licensing and marketing the music outside Italy in 1982. Italo disco faded in the early 1990s.", "Q32052": "Joannes or John Zonaras (Greek: \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0396\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u1fb6\u03c2, I\u014d\u00e1nn\u0113s Z\u014dnar\u00e2s; fl. 12th century) was a Byzantine chronicler and theologian who lived in Constantinople. Under Emperor Alexios I Komnenos he held the offices of head justice and private secretary (protas\u0113kr\u0113tis) to the emperor, but after Alexios' death, he retired to the monastery on the Island of Hagia Glykeria, (Incir Ada, in the Aegean Sea), where he spent the rest of his life writing books.", "Q3701523": "Vesyolye Rebyata (Russian: \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0451\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0420\u0435\u0431\u044f\u0442\u0430, which means \"jolly fellows\") is a Soviet VIA (vocal instrumental ensemble) band formed in 1966, in Moscow. It became one of the most successful and best known VIA bands of all time. Its debut album sold 15,795,000 copies and its membership included at various times such popular Soviet era singers as Alla Pugachova, Alexander Gradsky, and Alexander Barykin. As of 2006, the band had sold a record-shattering 179,850,000 records.", "Q62671": "Paul L\u00f6be (14 December 1875 \u2013 3 August 1967) was a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), who served as President of the Reichstag.", "Q4888791": "Benjamin Hart (August 10, 1779 \u2013 February 27, 1855) was a Canadian businessman, militia officer, and justice of the peace.", "Q919447": "12 oz. Mouse is an American surreal humour and psychological thriller animated television series created by Matt Maiellaro for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block, Adult Swim. The series revolves around Mouse Fitzgerald, nicknamed \"Fitz\" (voiced by Maiellaro), an alcoholic mouse who performs odd jobs so he can buy more beer. Together with his chinchilla companion Skillet, Fitz begins to recover suppressed memories that he once had a wife and a child who have now vanished. This leads him to seek answers about his past and the shadowy forces that seem to be manipulating his world.\nIn producing the series, Maiellaro crudely designed the characters as a cost-cutting measure; the series is animated by Radical Axis. He intended for the series to lack continuity starting from the pilot, but established a serial format after starting the second episode. He had constructed an ending for the series as well as a detailed map of characters; however, the series finale concluded differently from planned. Maiellaro cast people around his office for the characters, starring himself as the protagonist and Nine Pound Hammer vocalist Scott Luallen as the voice of Roostre; the band also performs the opening theme.\nThe pilot episode for 12 oz. Mouse, \"Hired\", premiered on June 19, 2005. The series became a regular staple of Adult Swim's lineup on October 23 of that year, and ended on December 17, 2006. Critical reception was polarized; some praised the series' experimental nature, while others felt confounded by it.\nThe June 14, 2018 episode of the Adult Swim streaming series Development Meeting featured a new clip from 12 oz. Mouse, which featured Seth Green as Fitz, hinting at a return to the series. It was later announced on September 18 of that year that the series would return for a half-hour special entitled \"Invictus\", which aired a month later on October 14. On the day of the special's airing, another announcement was made that the series will return for a 10-episode third season which will air in 2020. On March 31, 2020, the third season premiere aired unannounced at 2:45 AM EST with many other new episodes from Adult Swim shows as part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools Prank. The whole third season will air in Summer 2020.", "Q369000": "Edward Neville Isdell (born 8 June 1943 in Downpatrick, Northern Ireland) is an Irish businessman, former chair and CEO of The Coca-Cola Company.", "Q193666": "The tambourine is a musical instrument in the percussion family consisting of a frame, often of wood or plastic, with pairs of small metal jingles, called \"zills\". Classically the term tambourine denotes an instrument with a drumhead, though some variants may not have a head at all. Tambourines are often used with regular percussion sets. They can be mounted, for example on a stand as part of a drum kit (and played with drum sticks), or they can be held in the hand and played by tapping or hitting the instrument.\nTambourines come in many shapes with the most common being circular. It is found in many forms of music: Turkish folk music, Greek folk music, Italian folk music, classical music, Persian music, samba, gospel music, pop music, country music, and rock music.", "Q118655": "Richard Schweizer (23 December 1899 \u2013 30 March 1965) was a Swiss screenwriter who won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1945 for his work in Marie-Louise, as well as the Academy Award for Best Story in 1948 for his work in The Search. Schweizer also directed the film Kleine Scheidegg (1937).", "Q64200": "Sils im Engadin/Segl (German: Sils im Engadin; Romansh Segl ), often also as Sils i.E./Segl, is a municipality and a village in the Maloja Region, Upper Engadine in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.\nThe municipality consists of two villages Segl Maria (Romansh, German: Sils Maria; Seglias is part of Segl Maria) and Segl Baselgia (German: Sils Baselgia; Baselgia is Romansh for church), the Val Fex (German: Fextal), and the three Maiens\u00e4sse (Alpine pastures traditionally used for spring grazing) Grevasalvas, Blaunca and Buaira above Plaun da Lej on the left side of the valley.", "Q427120": "Bobby Di Cicco is an Italian-American actor best known for his early roles in the films I Wanna Hold Your Hand (1978) by Robert Zemeckis, 1941 (1979) by Steven Spielberg, Samuel Fuller's The Big Red One (1980), and the John Carpenter-produced The Philadelphia Experiment (1984), in which he co-starred with Michael Pare. \nDi Cicco is the father of voice actress Jessica DiCicco and singer Katie DiCicco.", "Q141720": "The European Air Transport Command (EATC) is the command centre that exercises the operational control of the majority of the aerial refueling capabilities and military transport fleets of a consortium of seven European Union (EU) member states. As of January 2015, the combined fleet under the authority of the EATC represents 75% of the European air transport capacity. Located at Eindhoven Airbase in the Netherlands, the command also bears a limited responsibility for exercises, aircrew training and the harmonisation of relevant national air transport regulations.The command was established in 2010 with a view to provide a more efficient management of the participating nations' assets and resources in this field.\nThe EATC is presently not established at the EU level (referred to as the Common Security and Defence Policy, CSDP); it is for instance not a project of the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) of the CSDP. The EATC and its assets may however contribute in the implementation of the CSDP, when made available as a multinational force in accordance with article 42.3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU).", "Q4648184": "A. Michael Noll (born 1939, Newark, New Jersey) is an American engineer, and professor emeritus at the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California. He served as dean of the Annenberg School from 1992 to 1994. He was a very early pioneer in digital computer art and 3D animation and tactile communication.", "Q110209": "Franziska Becker (born 10 July 1949) is a German cartoonist.", "Q697129": "Ulrich Tukur (born Ulrich Gerhard Scheurlen; 29 July 1957) is a German actor and musician.", "Q2908": "Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger, comte de Saint-Exup\u00e9ry, simply known as de Saint-Exup\u00e9ry (UK: , US: , French: [\u0251\u0303twan d\u0259 s\u025b\u0303t\u203f\u025b\u0261zype\u0281i]; 29 June 1900 \u2013 31 July 1944), was a French writer, poet, aristocrat, journalist and pioneering aviator. He became a laureate of several of France's highest literary awards and also won the United States National Book Award. He is best remembered for his novella The Little Prince (Le Petit Prince) and for his lyrical aviation writings, including Wind, Sand and Stars and Night Flight.\nSaint-Exup\u00e9ry was a successful commercial pilot before World War II, working airmail routes in Europe, Africa, and South America. He joined the French Air Force at the start of the war, flying reconnaissance missions until France's armistice with Germany in 1940. After being demobilised from the French Air Force, he travelled to the United States to help persuade its government to enter the war against Nazi Germany. \nSaint-Exup\u00e9ry spent 28 months in America, during which he wrote three of his most important works, then joined the Free French Air Force in North Africa\u2014although he was far past the maximum age for such pilots and in declining health. He disappeared and is believed to have died while on a reconnaissance mission from Corsica over the Mediterranean on 31 July 1944.\nPrior to the war, Saint-Exup\u00e9ry had achieved fame in France as an aviator. His literary works posthumously boosted his stature to national hero status in France, including The Little Prince which has been translated into 300 languages. He earned further widespread recognition with international translations of his other works. His 1939 philosophical memoir Terre des hommes (titled Wind, Sand and Stars in English) became the name of an international humanitarian group; it was also used as the central theme of Expo 67 in Montreal, Quebec.Saint-Exup\u00e9ry is presumed to have died when his aircraft crashed in the Mediterranean in July 1944. His birthplace of Lyon named its main airport after him.", "Q239145": "Molly Helen Shannon (born September 16, 1964) is an American actress and comedian who was a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 1995 to 2001. In 2017 she won the Film Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the film Other People.\nShe has appeared in supporting roles in a number of films, such as Happiness (1998), A Night at the Roxbury (1998), Never Been Kissed (1999), How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000), Osmosis Jones (2001), My Boss's Daughter (2003), Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006), and Me and Earl and the Dying Girl (2015). Her voice can also be heard in the animated films Igor (2008) and the Hotel Transylvania film series (2012-2018).", "Q175485": "\u00c0ngel Guimer\u00e0 (6 May 1845 or 6 May 1847 or 1849 \u2013 18 July 1924), known also as \u00c1ngel Guimer\u00e1, was a Spanish Nobel-nominated writer in the Catalan language. His work is known for bringing together under romantic aspects the main elements of realism. He is considered one of the principal representatives of the so-called Renaixen\u00e7a, at the end of the nineteenth century.", "Q209086": "Pantin (French pronunciation: \u200b[p\u0251\u0303.t\u025b\u0303]) is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 6.4 km (4.0 mi) from the centre of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe. Its post code is 93500. The city is located on the edge of Paris and is mainly formed by a plain crossed by national roadway 2 and 3, the railway line Paris\u2013Strasbourg and Ourcq canal.", "Q174943": "Flavius Belisarius (Greek: \u03a6\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, c. 500 \u2013 565) was a military commander of the Byzantine Empire. He was instrumental in the reconquest of much of the Mediterranean territory belonging to the former Western Roman Empire, which had been lost less than a century prior.\nOne of the defining features of Belisarius' career was his success despite varying levels of available resources. His name is frequently given as one of the so-called \"Last of the Romans\".\nHe conquered the Vandal Kingdom of North Africa in the Vandalic War in nine months and conquered much of Italy during the Gothic War. He also defeated the Vandal armies in the battles of Ad Decimum and played an important role at Tricamarum, compelling the Vandal king, Gelimer, to surrender. During the Gothic War, he took Rome and then held out against great odds during the Siege of Rome.\nHe also won an important battle against the Persians at Dara but was defeated at Callinicum. He successfully repulsed a Hunnish incursion at Melantias. He was also known for military deception; he repulsed a Persian invasion by deceiving their commander and lifted the Siege of Ariminum without a fight.", "Q70275": "Seeberg is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. The lake Burg\u00e4schisee is located on the border with Aeschi. On 1 January 2016 the former municipality of Hermiswil merged into Seeberg.", "Q893018": "Zolt\u00e1n Kir\u00e1ly (born 23 May 1948) is a Hungarian journalist, educator and politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) for Szeged (Csongr\u00e1d County Constituency V then II) between 1985 and 1994.", "Q144658": "Car Wash is a 1976 American comedy film released by Universal Pictures. The film was directed by Michael Schultz from a screenplay by Joel Schumacher. Starring Franklyn Ajaye, Bill Duke, George Carlin, Irwin Corey, Ivan Dixon, Antonio Fargas, Jack Kehoe, Clarence Muse, Lorraine Gary, The Pointer Sisters, and Richard Pryor, Car Wash is an episodic comedy about a day in the lives of the employees and the owner, Mr. B (Sully Boyar), of a Los Angeles, California car wash (filmed at a Westlake car wash at the corner of Rampart Boulevard and 6th Street).", "Q487396": "Anathema are a British rock band from Liverpool. The line-up consists of brothers, guitarists/singers/keyboardists/bassists Vincent and Daniel Cavanagh, drummer/keyboardist John Douglas, singer Lee Douglas, and keyboardist/drummer/bassist Daniel Cardoso since November 2012.\nThe band was founded as Pagan Angel in 1990 by the three Cavanagh brothers, drummer John Douglas, and singer Darren White, as a death/doom band. At the time White was the only singer of the band. The following year, Jamie left and was replaced by Duncan Patterson. Under this line-up, Anathema released their first EP, The Crestfallen (1992), and their first album, Serenades (1993). However, White left in 1995; Vincent decided to act as Anathema's vocalist in addition to his guitarist function in the albums The Silent Enigma (1995) and Eternity (1996), which were going into a more gothic metal direction.\nIn 1997, John left the band, and was replaced by Shaun Steels for the album Alternative 4 (1998). Both Patterson and Steels left the same year, replaced by Dave Pybus and a returning John Douglas, while former My Dying Bride keyboardist and violinist Martin Powell also joined the band (Daniel Cavanagh was also acting as the band's only keyboardist, and shared this position since). The only album released with this line-up was Judgement (1999): the same year Powell switched positions with Cradle of Filth's keyboardist Les Smith who joined Anathema, and Lee Douglas, John's sister, was added to the line-up as a backing and occasional lead vocalist.\nThe band released their sixth album A Fine Day to Exit in 2001, turning to an alternative sound. Shortly after the release, Pybus announced his departure and was replaced by the band's original bassist, Jamie Cavanagh, reuniting the three brothers in the band for the first time since 1991. There were no new members for the next ten years, with the albums A Natural Disaster (2003) and We're Here Because We're Here (2010) all being recorded and released by the same line-up, with the sound turning even more towards progressive rock; however, Daniel Cavanagh left Anathema in 2002 to join Antimatter, returning in 2003. Smith left Anathema in 2011, and Vincent and Daniel both assumed the function of keyboardist for the band's ninth album, Weather Systems, in 2012. The same year, Cardoso, the band's live keyboardist since 2011, joined as a full-time member.\nThe band's tenth studio album, Distant Satellites, was released on 9 June 2014 via Kscope. Their eleventh album, The Optimist, won \"Album of the Year\" at the 2017 Progressive Music Awards.", "Q11847": "Antoni Grabowski (June 11, 1857 \u2013 July 4, 1921) was a Polish chemical engineer, and an activist of the early Esperanto movement. His translations had an influential impact on the development of Esperanto into a language of literature.\n\n", "Q115371": "Sir Edwin Arnold KCIE CSI (10 June 1832 \u2013 24 March 1904) was an English poet and journalist, who is most known for his work The Light of Asia.", "Q69724": "Oberwil is a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q911": "Ufa (Russian: \u0423\u0444\u0430\u0301, tr. Uf\u00e1, IPA: [\u028a\u02c8fa]; Bashkir: \u04e8\u0444\u04e9; Bashkir pronunciation: [\u028f\u031e\u02c8f\u028f\u031e], pronunciation ) is the capital city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, and the industrial, economic, scientific and cultural center of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,062,319, making it the eleventh most populous city in Russia.", "Q112378": "Erwin Kramer (22 August 1902 \u2013 10 November 1979) was an East German politician who served as both Minister of Transportation and General Director of the Deutsche Reichsbahn.\nKramer was born in Schneidem\u00fchl (Province of Posen) (today Pi\u0142a, Poland), where he grew up. After a traineeship at the Reichsbahnausbessungswerk Schneidem\u00fchl he studied electrical engineering and railroadsciences at the Technical University of Berlin. He joined the Young Communist League of Germany in 1919, the Red Student's Aide in 1924-27 and the Communist Party of Germany in 1929. In 1930-32 Kramer worked as a workmaster for the Reichsbahn administration of Berlin.In 1932 Kramer emigrated to the Soviet Union and worked at the \"Central Research Institute of Transportation\" in Moscow. In 1937 he passed a course in \"Military Tactics\" at the Red Army's military school at Tambov and fought as a member of the XI. International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War.In 1939 he was interned in a French camp at Saint-Cyprien, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Orientales and returned to the Soviet Union, where he worked for the German desk of Radio Moscow. After the German attack on the Soviet Union he, together with other German communist emigrants, was sent to Samara (Kuybyshev) in October 1941.\nAfter World War II Kramer returned to the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany and joined the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in 1946. He became the head of the machinery technical branch of the German Economic Commission (Deutsche Wirtschaftskommission--DWK), the central economical administration of the Soviet Zone, and Deputy President of the Reichsbahn administration Berlin in 1946. In 1949 Kramer became the Deputy Director and in 1950 General Director of the Reichsbahn (until 1970), in 1953 Vice Minister of Transportation and 1954 Minister of Transportation (until 1970).Kramer was a member of the Central Committee of the SED (1954\u20131970) and member of the Volkskammer (1958\u20131979). \nKramer died in 1979 in Berlin.", "Q718368": "Ruggiero Ricci (24 July 1918 \u2013 6 August 2012) was an American violinist known for performances and recordings of the works of Paganini.\n\n", "Q4707687": "Alan Seth Chartock (born July 25, 1941) is the president and chief executive officer of WAMC/Northeast Public Radio, a National Public Radio affiliate, a position he has held since 1981. He was professor of political science at SUNY New Paltz and is a professor emeritus of communications at the State University of New York (SUNY), and is executive publisher and project director for the Legislative Gazette, a weekly newspaper staffed by college intern reporters covering New York State government.\nChartock serves in a variety of on-air roles at WAMC, including but not limited to hosting the Capitol Connection, Vox Pop, and Conversations with programs, sitting on panels for the Roundtable and Media Show, serving as a political commentator, and filling a central role in the thrice-annual fund drives. He also writes a syndicated column on politics which appears in newspapers throughout New York state.", "Q66371": "Blauen is a municipality in the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q3713655": "Donald John Trump Jr. (born December 31, 1977) is an American businessman and former reality television personality. He is the eldest child of US president Donald Trump and his first wife Ivana.\nA fourth-generation businessman (following his great-grandparents Frederick and Elizabeth, grandfather Fred, and father), Trump Jr. currently serves as a trustee and executive vice president of the Trump Organization, running the company alongside his younger brother Eric. During their father's presidency, the brothers continued to do deals and investments in foreign countries, as well as collect payments in their U.S. properties from foreign governments, despite a pledge that they would not do so. He also served as a boardroom judge on his father's TV show The Apprentice.\nTrump Jr. has also been active politically, serving in his father's presidential campaign. He had a meeting with a Russian lawyer, who promised damaging information about the campaign of Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election. He is notorious for promoting conspiracy theories and false information.", "Q549835": "Paulo Salim Maluf (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8pawlu sa\u02c8l\u0129 ma\u02c8lufi]; born September 3, 1931) is a Brazilian politician with a career spanning over four decades and many functions, including those of State Governor of S\u00e3o Paulo, Mayor of the City of S\u00e3o Paulo, Congressman and Presidential candidate. As of 2011, Maluf is on a second consecutive term as Federal Deputy. His political base is founded on populism and the provision of major public works.\nHis career has been plagued with substantial allegations of corruption, although he was only convicted by Brazilian Courts in 2017. He spent a few months in jail and is now under house arrest due to his poor health and advanced age.\nHe is the president of the local branch, in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, of the right-wing Progressive Party of Brazil (PP), heir to the old National Renewal Alliance (ARENA). Interpol has issued a Red Notice to arrest Maluf, extradite him and try him in the United States on charges of conspiracy and criminal possession.", "Q36546": "Maria Vasilyevna Semyonova (Rus. \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, also spelled Semenova; born November 1, 1958 in Leningrad, Soviet Union) is a Russian writer of fantasy and historical fiction and a poet. Most of her books are based on Slavic mythology, as well as on Russian and Norse pagan traditions. She's best known for Wolfhound (Volkodav in Russian) fantasy series, that was adapted into 2007 film Wolfhound of The Grey Hound Clan. Semyonova is also known for her numerous translations of western fantasy books into the Russian language.", "Q454870": "Maria Gabriela Stefania Korwin-Piotrowska (1857\u20131921), known as Gabriela Zapolska, was a Polish novelist, playwright, naturalist writer, feuilletonist, theatre critic and stage actress. Zapolska wrote 41 plays, 23 novels, 177 short stories, 252 works of journalism, one film script, and over 1,500 letters.Zapolska received most recognition for her socio-satirical comedies. Among them, The Morality of Mrs. Dulska \u2013 a tragic-farce about petty-bourgeois \u2013 is considered the most famous internationally. It is regarded as a landmark of early modernist Polish drama. Her stage plays were translated into foreign languages, and performed at Polish and European theatres, as well as adapted for radio and film. Zapolska herself acted on stage in over 200 plays in Warsaw, Krak\u00f3w, Pozna\u0144, Lw\u00f3w, Saint Petersburg and Paris.", "Q229430": "Reba Nell McEntire (born March 28, 1955) is an American country singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer. She began her career in the music industry as a high school student singing in the Kiowa High School band, on local radio shows with her siblings, and at rodeos. While a sophomore in college at Southeastern Oklahoma State University, she performed the National Anthem at the National Rodeo in Oklahoma City and caught the attention of country artist Red Steagall who brought her to Nashville, Tennessee. She signed a contract with Mercury Records a year later in 1975. She released her first solo album in 1977 and released five additional studio albums under the label until 1983.\nSigning with MCA Nashville Records, McEntire took creative control over her second MCA album, My Kind of Country (1984), which had a more traditional country sound and produced two number one singles: \"How Blue\" and \"Somebody Should Leave\". The album brought her breakthrough success, bringing her a series of successful albums and number one singles in the 1980s and 1990s. McEntire has since released 29 studio albums, acquired 42 number one singles, 16 number one albums, and 28 albums have been certified gold, platinum or multi-platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America. She often is referred to as \"The Queen of Country,\" and she is one of the best-selling artists of all time, having sold more than 75 million records worldwide.In the early 1990s, McEntire branched into film starting with 1990's Tremors. She has since starred in the Broadway revival of Annie Get Your Gun (2001) and in her television sitcom Reba (2001\u201307), for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series\u2013Musical or Comedy. As of February 2020, Reba has returned to Universal Music Group.", "Q538014": "Halina Pawlowsk\u00e1 (born 21 March 1955) is a Czech playwright, short story writer, journalist and editor. She has worked as a screenwriter and show presenter for Czech television.", "Q18863": "Prien am Chiemsee (official: Prien a.Chiemsee, High German [pri\u02d0n], Bavarian (local) dialect [bre\u02d1\u0250\u032f\u0303n]) is a municipality in the Upper Bavarian district of Rosenheim in Germany. The town is a certified air and Kneipp spa on the western shore of the lake of Chiemsee, 16 km (9.3 mi) east of Rosenheim.\nThe name of Prien is derived from the Celtic denomination of the river Prien (Brigenna \u2013 \"Coming from the Mountains\").", "Q63209": "Friedrich Gerhard Rohlfs (April 14, 1831 \u2013 June 2, 1896) was a German geographer, explorer, author and adventurer.", "Q1283804": "Edgar Vernon Blanchard (August 17, 1924 \u2013 September 16, 1972) was an American R&B guitarist, bandleader and arranger who was prominent in the musical life of New Orleans between the 1940s and 1960s.\nHe was born in Grosse T\u00eate, Louisiana, the son of Elizabeth and Sam Blanchard, and learned to play both guitar and banjo. He was stationed in Europe during World War II, and on his return formed his own band, the Gondoliers, named in memory of his time in Italy. By 1947, he was established as bandleader at the Down Beat club on Rampart Street, New Orleans, with Roy Brown as one of his vocalists and Ernest McLean as a second guitarist.Blanchard's band was known for his ability to play in a range of styles. They first recorded in Houston, Texas, in 1949, for Don Robey's Peacock Records, but his recordings were not successful and he returned to New Orleans where \u2013 with Dave Bartholomew \u2014 he was a resident bandleader at the Dew Drop Inn. He recorded with Roy Brown, and performed with other musicians and singers who recorded in New Orleans in the early 1950s, including Big Joe Turner, Ray Charles and Professor Longhair for Atlantic; Lloyd Price and Little Richard for Specialty; and Paul Gayten, Eddie Bo and Clarence \"Frogman\" Henry for Chess. Though he rarely recorded under his own name, he did record some instrumentals for the Specialty label. His band included saxophonist August \"Dimes\" Dupont, bassist Frank Fields, pianist Lawrence Cotton, and drummer Alonzo Stewart.In 1958 he started working for Joe Ruffino's Ric label, as guitarist, arranger, and (briefly) musical director; he backed Johnny Adams on his recordings for the label. He recorded a poorly-received album, Let's Have a Blast with the Gondoliers, issued in 1961, and continued to perform with his band in clubs in New Orleans through to the mid-1960s. His last, untypically raucous, recordings, were made in the late 1960s but were not issued at the time.He died in New Orleans in 1972, aged 48.", "Q55963": "Franti\u0161ek Lorenz (24 December 1872 \u2013 24 May 1957) also known as Francisco Valdomiro Lorenz or Francisco Lorenz was a Czech-born polyglot and philosopher born in Zbyslav (nowadays part of the Czech Republic). He was one of the first Esperantists in the world, and was able to communicate in over 100 different languages. In 1891, Lorenz moved to Brazil due to political reasons. In Brazil, he lived firstly in Rio de Janeiro, and then in Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil). Lorenz published over 36 books in 40 languages and was one of the most prominent promoters of Esperanto movement ever in Brazil. He died in Dom Feliciano (Brazil) in 1957.", "Q90381": "Dorothee Stapelfeldt (born 1956) is a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and senator (minister) in the Government of Hamburg.", "Q171185": "Ivan III Vasilyevich (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d III \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447; 22 January 1440, Moscow \u2013 27 October 1505, Moscow), also known as Ivan the Great, was a Grand Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of all Rus'. Ivan served as the co-ruler and regent for his blind father Vasily II from the mid-1450s before he officially ascended the throne in 1462.\nSometimes referred to as the \"gatherer of the Russian lands\", he tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Mongols/Tatars over Russia, renovated the Moscow Kremlin, introduced new legal codex and laid the foundations of the Russian state. His 1480 victory over the Great Horde is cited as the restoring of Russian independence 240 years after the fall of Kiev to Mongols' invasion.Ivan was the first Russian ruler to style himself \"tsar\", albeit not as an official title. Through marriage to Sofia Paleologue, he made the double-headed eagle Russia's coat of arms and adopted the idea of Moscow as Third Rome. His 43-year reign was one of the longest in Russian history, second only to his grandson Ivan IV.", "Q287873": "Andrea Del Boca (born October 18, 1965 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine and Italian telenovela actress.", "Q724491": "Mole (in the Czech original called Krtek, or, for little mole, Krte\u010dek) is an animated character in a series of cartoons created by Czech animator Zden\u011bk Miler. The premiere of the first short film with Mole took place at the Venice Film Festival in 1957. Since its inception, the cartoon has gained enormous popularity in many Central European countries, as well as India, China, Kazakhstan, Croatia, Finland, Russia, Ukraine, Iran, Iraq, and Japan.", "Q98905": "Josef Ackermann (26 April 1905 \u2013 5 March 1997) was a German politician and a representative of the Reichstag for the Nazi Party (NSDAP), joining the party in 1925. Born in Arenberg-Immendorf he died in Vallendar, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.", "Q714552": "Ivan Stepanovich Silayev (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432; born 21 October 1930) is a former Soviet and Russian politician. He served as Prime Minister of the Soviet Union through the offices of chairman of the Interstate Economic Committee and chairman of the Committee on the Operational Management of the Soviet economy from 6 September to 26 December 1991. Responsible for overseeing the economy of the Soviet Union during the late Gorbachev Era, he was the last head of government of the Soviet Union.\nAfter graduating in the 1950s, Silayev began his political career in the Ministry of Aviation Industry in the 1970s. During the Brezhnev Era he became Minister of Aviation Industry, a Central Committee member, and Minister of Machine-Tool and Tool Building Industry. When Nikolai Tikhonov's Second Government was dissolved, Mikhail Gorbachev appointed him deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers in Nikolai Ryzhkov's First Government. He left all posts in the central government in 1990 to focus in his post as chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR. He faced several cabinet difficulties during his tenure, and supported the majority of Boris Yeltsin's policies. Having opposed Yeltsin's secessionist policies during his tenure as Soviet Premier, he was removed from his post as Russian SFSR Premier and succeeded in his post by acting Premier Oleg Lobov.\nWhen he became Premier of the Soviet Union on 6 September 1991, Silayev opposed some of Yeltsin's policies which led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union. After Silayev resigned as Soviet Premier, he continued to work for the Yeltsin administration as the Permanent Representative of Russia to the European Community until his resignation in 1994. During the 2007 legislative election Silayev ran as a candidate for the Agrarian Party of Russia.", "Q87825": "Ferdinand Brandner (17 November 1903 \u2013 20 December 1986) was an Austrian aerospace designer, an S.S. Standartenf\u00fchrer in wartime Germany, and was responsible for the most powerful turboprop engine ever built, the Kuznetsov NK-12, while interned in the Soviet Union under Operation Osoaviakhim following World War II.", "Q233483": "Diamanda Gal\u00e1s (born August 29, 1955) is an American soprano sfogato, composer, pianist, organist, performance artist, and painter. She has received international recognition for creating highly original and thought provoking political performance works.Gal\u00e1s has been described as \"capable of the most unnerving vocal terror\". Her works largely concentrate on the topics of AIDS, mental illness, despair, injustice, condemnation, and loss of dignity. She has worked with many avant-garde composers, including Iannis Xenakis, Vinko Globokar and John Zorn, and also collaborated with jazz musician Bobby Bradford, and John Paul Jones, former bassist of Led Zeppelin.", "Q896835": "Bruno Kramm (born 13 October 1967, in Munich) is a German musician, known for programming, playing synthesizers and keyboards, co-fronting and performing backup vocals for the electro-industrial duo Das Ich, alongside Stefan Ackermann. Kramm is a multi-instrumentalist, singer-songwriter and founder of the German goth club, \"Generation Gothic\". He is also a record producer for a number of musical projects.\nKnown for his iconic \"devil-horn hair\", Kramm sports a dark outfit during performances in Das Ich, often being significantly more \"made-up\" than vocalist Ackermann. His vocals tend to bring up a deeper and more intense feel that contrast Stefan's fast-paced and shrill, exciting voice.\nBruno Kramm was an active member of the Pirate Party Germany and has been appointed by its board as federal commissioner on copyright issues. \nIn September 2016 Kramm stepped down as party chairman and rejoined Alliance '90/The Greens.", "Q427875": "H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Perdri\u00e8re (born 17 April 1912 in Asnieres-sur-Seine, died 27 August 1992 in Boulogne-Billancourt) was a French stage and film actress.\nAfter earning a first prize for comedy at the National Conservatory of Dramatic Art in 1928, she became the first resident of Com\u00e9die-French. She resigned to become the partner of Pierre Fresnay in the boulevard theaters of the time, before returning to the Com\u00e9die-French circuit in April 1952, and remaining until its end in December 1973. She then went on to play with the Renaud-Barrault Company until her retirement a year later. At the Com\u00e9die-French, she staged several plays of Marivaux. She was also an election interpreter.", "Q3056813": "The University of Brighton is a public university based on four campuses in Brighton and Eastbourne on the south coast of England. Its roots can be traced back to 1858 when the Brighton School of Art was opened in the Royal Pavilion. It achieved university status in 1992.\nThe University focuses on professional education, with the majority of degrees awarded also recognised by professional organisations or leading to professional qualifications. Subjects include pharmacy, engineering, ecology, computing, mathematics, architecture, geology, nursing, teaching, sport science, journalism, criminology and business. It has 20,470 students and 2,700 staff.", "Q129305": "Feliks Chmurkowski (18 May 1896 \u2013 16 April 1971) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in more than 30 films between 1933 and 1971.", "Q232945": "Marina Sirtis (; born 29 March 1955) is a British-American actress. She is best known for her role as Counselor Deanna Troi on the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation and the four feature films that followed, as well as other appearances in the Star Trek franchise.", "Q441528": "Lynn Curtis Swann (born March 7, 1952) is an American football player, broadcaster, politician, and athletic director, best known for his association with the University of Southern California and the Pittsburgh Steelers. He served as the President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition from 2002 to 2005. In 2006, he was the Republican nominee for Governor of Pennsylvania.\nSwann was born in Alcoa, Tennessee. He attended USC and played football as a wide receiver of the USC Trojans, where he was a consensus All-American. He is regarded as one of the most popular and greatest wide receiver of his generation. He was drafted by the Steelers in the first round of the 1974 NFL draft. With the Steelers, Swann won four Super Bowls, was selected to three Pro Bowls, and was named MVP of Super Bowl X. Swann was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2001 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1993.\n\n", "Q692904": "Arne Treholt (born 13 December 1942) is a Norwegian former KGB agent who was convicted of treason and espionage on behalf of the Soviet Union against Norway during the Cold War. Before his arrest in 1984 he was successively a journalist, a junior Norwegian Labour Party politician and a medium-level official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Norway. Treholt's espionage is generally seen as the most serious spy case in the modern history of Norway. He was arrested in 1984 and sentenced to 20 years in prison the following year, of which he served nine in a maximum security prison. After his release from prison in 1992, Treholt moved to Russia where he started a company together with a former KGB general. Following his arrest Treholt was described as \"the greatest traitor to Norway since Quisling.\" After his release from prison Treholt has occasionally been active in public debate, and he has been accused by Norwegian media of promoting Russian propaganda \"as taken straight from the propaganda channel Russia Today or a handbook for the web brigades or Russian agents of influence in troll factories.\"", "Q7125": "Wolhusen is a municipality in the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q179532": "The Clockmaker (French: L'Horloger de Saint-Paul, also known as The Clockmaker of St. Paul and The Watchmaker of St. Paul) is a 1974 French crime drama film directed by Bertrand Tavernier. Based on the novel L'Horloger d'Everton by Georges Simenon, it tells the story of a widowed father who first discovers how little he knows about his teenage son, who kills a man and with his girl goes on the run, but then decides that whatever their faults he will stand by the pair. \nThe film was entered into the 24th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Silver Bear - Special Jury Prize. In the United States, it was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film by the U.S. National Board of Review.", "Q436978": "Solveig Dommartin (16 May 1961 \u2013 11 January 2007) was a French actress.\nHer acting career began in the theatre with \"Compagnie Timothee Laine\" and with the \"Theater Labor Warschau\". She had her first experiences with film as an assistant of Jacques Rozier.\nHer debut as a film actress was in Wings of Desire (1987), by Wim Wenders. She learned circus acrobatics for the role in only eight weeks, and performed without using a stunt double. She co-authored Until the End of the World (1991) with Wenders and travelled around the world with him in search of locations for the project.\nWim Wenders said about Until the End of the World:\n\"Solveig Dommartin and I had written the story of our film together, and we thought that we only had the right to enter into such a sacred area like a person's dreams, if we would bring something into the work that was sacred to ourselves\".\nDommartin died of a heart attack in Paris in 2007 at the age of 45. She was survived by her daughter, Venus.", "Q100797": "Florian Pronold (born 28 December 1972) is a German politician of the SPD. Since 2002 he has been serving as member of the German Bundestag. From 11 July 2009 to 20 May 2017, he was state chairman of the SPD Bavaria. Since 17 December 2013, Pronold has been Parliamentary State Secretary in the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel.\n\n", "Q466197": "David Saelens (born 2 July 1975 in Ypres, West Flanders) is a racing driver from Belgium. He drove in several racing classes such as Formula Three, International Formula 3000, American Le Mans Series, DTM and most recently the 2018 Porsche Supercup. In 1998 he won the Marlboro Masters of Formula 3 at Zandvoort. In 1998 he became the first non French driver to win the French Formula Three Championship.", "Q120447": "Ilse von Stach (originally Stach von Goltzheim) (17 February 1879 \u2013 22 August 1941) was a German writer.", "Q650489": "The Margraviate of Baden (German: Markgrafschaft Baden) was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire. Spread along the east side of the Upper Rhine River in southwestern Germany, it was named a margraviate in 1112 and existed until 1535, when it was split into the two margraviates of Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden. The two parts were reunited in 1771 under Margrave Charles Frederick. The restored Margraviate of Baden was elevated to the status of electorate in 1803. In 1806, the Electorate of Baden, receiving territorial additions, became the Grand Duchy of Baden. The rulers of Baden, known as the House of Baden, were a cadet line of the Swabian House of Z\u00e4hringen.", "Q347470": "The Charterhouse of Parma (French: La Chartreuse de Parme, Italian: La Certosa di Parma) is a 1948 French-Italian drama film based on the novel of the same name by Stendhal. It entered the competition at the 1948 Locarno International Film Festival, being awarded for best cinematography.It was the most popular French film at the French box office in 1948.", "Q344179": "Panait Istrati (Romanian: [pana\u02c8it is\u02c8trati]; sometimes rendered as Pana\u00eft Istrati; August 10, 1884 \u2013 April 16, 1935) was a Romanian working class writer, who wrote in French and Romanian, nicknamed The Maxim Gorky of the Balkans. Istrati was first noted for the depiction of one homosexual character in his work.", "Q48067": "Dmitriy Fyodorovich Ustinov (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432; 30 October 1908 \u2013 20 December 1984) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union and Soviet politician during the Cold War. He served as a Central Committee secretary in charge of the Soviet military\u2013industrial complex from 1965 to 1976 and as Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union from 1976 until his death in 1984. \nUstinov was born in the city of Samara to a Russian working-class family in 1908. Upon reaching adulthood, he joined the Communist Party in 1927 before pursuing a career in engineering. After graduating from the Institute of Military Mechanical Engineering in 1934, he became a construction engineer at the Leningrad Artillery Marine Research Institute. By 1937, he transferred to the Bolshevik \"Arms\" Factory where he ultimately rose to become the director. While serving as People's Commissar of Armaments during World War II, he achieved distinction within the party's ranks by successfully overseeing the evacuation of Leningrad's industries to the Ural Mountains, a feat for which he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labour. At the war's end, he was entrusted with seizing raw materials, scientists and research left over from Germany's missile programme. \nUnder Leonid Brezhnev's leadership, Ustinov joined the Central Committee Secretariat and rose to become a candidate member of the Politburo by 1965. Following his rise to the central party apparatus, he was given the task of administering the Soviet Union's defense industry and its armed forces. By 1976, he succeeded Andrei Grechko as Minister of Defense and received the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union. As Brezhnev's health deteriorated during the last years of his leadership, Ustinov formed a troika alongside Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko and KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov whose hardline attitudes dominated Soviet policy until Mikhail Gorbachev's rise to power.\n\n", "Q211144": "Ellen Burstyn (born Edna Rae Gillooly; December 7, 1932) is an American actress. Known for her portrayal of troubled women in dramas, Burstyn is the recipient of various accolades, and is among the few performers to have won Triple Crown of Acting.\nBorn in Detroit, Michigan, Burstyn left school and worked as a dancer and model. She made her stage debut on Broadway in 1957 and soon started to make appearances in television shows. Stardom followed soon after with her acclaimed role in The Last Picture Show (1971), which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her next appearance in The Exorcist (1973), earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. The film has remained popular and several publications have regarded it as one of the greatest horror films of all time. She followed this with Martin Scorsese's Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1974), which won her the Academy Award for Best Actress.\nShe appeared in numerous television movies and gained further recognition from her performances in Same Time, Next Year (1978), which won her a Golden Globe Award, and Resurrection (1980), How to Make an American Quilt (1995), and Requiem For a Dream (2000). For playing a lonely drug-addicted woman in the last one of these, she was again nominated for an Academy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award. In the 2010s, she made appearances in television series including the political dramas, Political Animals and House of Cards, which have earned her Emmy Award nominations. Since 2000, she has been co-president of the Actors Studio, a drama school in New York City. In 2013, she was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame for her work on stage.", "Q387132": "Jayne Wisener (born 19 May 1987) is an actress and singer from Northern Ireland. She is best known for her role as Johanna in the British-American film Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. She also guest starred in the role of Lauren Harris on The Inbetweeners.", "Q452232": "Timothy Darrell Russ (born June 22, 1956) is an American actor, film director, screenwriter, and musician. He is known for his roles as Lieutenant Commander Tuvok on Star Trek: Voyager, as Frank on Samantha Who?, and as Principal Franklin, a recurring character on the Nickelodeon live-action teen sitcom iCarly.", "Q686971": "The Lands of the Bohemian Crown, sometimes called Czech lands in modern times, were a number of incorporated states in Central Europe during the medieval and early modern periods connected by feudal relations under the Bohemian kings. The crown lands primarily consisted of the Kingdom of Bohemia, an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire according to the Golden Bull of 1356, the Margraviate of Moravia, the Duchies of Silesia, and the two Lusatias, known as the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia and the Margraviate of Lower Lusatia, as well as other territories throughout its history.\nThe joint rule of Corona regni Bohemiae was legally established by decree of King Charles I issued on 7 April 1348, on the foundation of the original Czech lands ruled by the P\u0159emyslid dynasty until 1306. By linking the territories, the interconnection of crown lands thus no more belonged to a king or a dynasty but to the Bohemian monarchy itself, symbolically personalized by the Crown of Saint Wenceslas. During the reign of King Ferdinand I from 1526, the lands of the Bohemian Crown became a constituent part of the Habsburg Monarchy. Silesia was lost in mid-18th century, but the rest of the Lands passed to the Austrian Empire and the Cisleithanian half of Austria-Hungary. By the Czechoslovak declaration of independence in 1918, the remaining Czech lands became part of the First Czechoslovak Republic.\nThe Bohemian Crown was neither a personal union nor a federation of equal members. Rather, the Kingdom of Bohemia had a higher status than the other incorporated constituent countries. There were only some common state institutions of the Bohemian Crown and they did not survive the centralization of the Habsburg Monarchy under Queen Maria Theresa in the 18th century. The most important of them was the Bohemian Court Chancellery which was united with the Austrian Chancellery in 1749.", "Q65": "Los Angeles ( (listen); Spanish: Los \u00c1ngeles; Spanish for 'The Angels'), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the U.S. state of California. With an estimated population of nearly four million people, it is the country's second most populous city (after New York City) and the third most populous city in North America (after Mexico City and New York City). Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, Hollywood entertainment industry, and its sprawling metropolis.\nLos Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California, adjacent to the Pacific Ocean, with mountains as high as 10,000 feet (3,000 m), and deserts. The city, which covers about 469 square miles (1,210 km2), is the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populous county in the United States. The Los Angeles metropolitan area (MSA) is home to 13.1 million people, making it the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation after New York. Greater Los Angeles includes metro Los Angeles as well as the Inland Empire and Ventura County. It is the second most populous U.S. combined statistical area, also after New York, with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people.Home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodr\u00edguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542. The city was founded on September 4, 1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence. In 1848, at the end of the Mexican\u2013American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and thus became part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months before California achieved statehood. The discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The city was further expanded with the completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, which delivers water from Eastern California.\nLos Angeles has a diverse economy and hosts businesses in a broad range of professional and cultural fields. It also has the busiest container port in the entire Americas. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index and 9th in the Global Economic Power Index. The Los Angeles metropolitan area also has a gross metropolitan product of $1.0 trillion (as of 2017), making it the third-largest city by GDP in the world, after the Tokyo and New York City metropolitan areas. Los Angeles hosted the 1932 and 1984 Summer Olympics and will host the 2028 Summer Olympics.\n\n", "Q57147": "Michael Fassbender (born 2 April 1977) is an Irish-German actor. His feature film debut was in the fantasy war epic 300 (2007) as a Spartan warrior; his earlier roles included various stage productions, as well as starring roles on television such as in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers (2001) and the Sky One fantasy drama Hex (2004\u201305). He first came to prominence for his role as IRA activist Bobby Sands in Hunger (2008), for which he won a British Independent Film Award. Subsequent roles include in the independent film Fish Tank (2009), as a Royal Marines lieutenant in Inglourious Basterds (2009), as Edward Rochester in the 2011 film adaptation of Jane Eyre, as Carl Jung in A Dangerous Method (2011), as the sentient android David 8 in Prometheus (2012) and its sequel, Alien: Covenant (2017), and in the musical comedy-drama Frank (2014) as an eccentric musician loosely inspired by Frank Sidebottom.\nIn 2011, Fassbender debuted as the Marvel Comics supervillain Magneto in X-Men: First Class, and went on to share the role with Ian McKellen in X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), before reprising it again in X-Men: Apocalypse (2016) and Dark Phoenix (2019). Also in 2011, Fassbender's performance as a sex addict in Shame earned him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival and was nominated for Golden Globe and BAFTA Awards. In 2013, his role as slave owner Edwin Epps in the slavery epic 12 Years a Slave was similarly praised, earning him his first Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor. In 2013, Fassbender appeared in another Ridley Scott film, The Counselor. In 2015, he portrayed the title role in the Danny Boyle-directed biopic Steve Jobs (2015), and played Macbeth in Justin Kurzel's adaptation of William Shakespeare's play. For the former, he received Academy Award, BAFTA, Golden Globe and SAG nominations. In 2015, he produced the western Slow West, in which he also starred.", "Q1308176": "Michael Cullen (born 1967 near Lowestoft, England, United Kingdom), aka Mike Dred, is a British experimental techno DJ, producer, and sound engineer. He has been a leading DJ since 1983, a producer since 1988, a sound designer since 1992, and is considered an important figure in the development of acid techno and innovative use of the Roland TB-303.\nHe is also known as The Kosmik Kommando, Universal Indicator, Chimera, Machine Codes, Space Avenge. He was the first artist other than Richard D. James to release a project on Rephlex. His clear vinyl \"Kosmik Kommando EP\" was the 3rd release and was given a catalogue number CAT007 on account of his interest in James Bond. In addition, the Universal Indicator records released on Rephlex are amongst the most collectible recordings in the history of techno music. Mike Dred established the Machine Codes record label in 1990 and also recorded for R&S Records and R&S Records offshoot Diatomyc from 1992 to 1997. From 1994 to 1999, he collaborated extensively with the electro-acoustic artist Peter Green and also produced a one-off collaboration with techno producer Dr. Fernando. In 2012 he recorded the Overmind LP for De:Tuned in Antwerp and has contributed to both sought after De:Tuned Box Set compilations.", "Q343616": "Paul Franklin Dano (; born June 19, 1984) is an American actor, director, screenwriter, producer, and musician.\nDano started his career on Broadway before making his film debut in The Newcomers (2000). He won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Debut Performance for his role in L.I.E. (2002) and received accolades for his role as Dwayne Hoover in Little Miss Sunshine (2006). For his dual roles as Paul and Eli Sunday in There Will Be Blood (2007), he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor.\nDano has also received accolades for roles such as John Tibeats in 12 Years a Slave (2013) and Alex Jones in Prisoners (2013). His acting portrayal of musician Brian Wilson in Love & Mercy (2015) earned him a Golden Globe nomination in the category of Best Supporting Actor.\nDano made his directorial debut with the 2018 drama film Wildlife, based on the novel by Richard Ford and starring Carey Mulligan and Jake Gyllenhaal. He co-wrote the screenplay with his partner Zoe Kazan.", "Q58274": "Adnan Hassan Mansour (Arabic: \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u200e; born 5 January 1946) is a Lebanese diplomat, politician and the former minister of foreign affairs and emigrants.\n\n", "Q18733030": "GFriend (Korean: \uc5ec\uc790\uce5c\uad6c; RR: Yeoja Chingu) is a six-member South Korean girl group formed by Source Music in 2015. The group consists of Sowon, Yerin, Eunha, Yuju, SinB, and Umji. They made their debut with the EP Season of Glass on January 15, 2015. GFriend won several 2015 female rookie awards and has garnered momentum since their debut despite being from a small company.In 2016, they continued their success with their third EP, Snowflake, and won first place on many music shows with the title song, \"Rough\". They released their first full-length album, LOL, in July 2016. In 2017, GFriend made a comeback with a new concept with their fourth EP, The Awakening, and the pre-orders for the album exceeded 100,000 units. GFriend released their fifth EP, Parallel, in August 2017, and the extended play was re-released a month later under the title Rainbow. In 2018, GFriend held their first concert since debut called Season of GFriend and later their first Asia Tour with the same name.\nGFriend released their sixth EP, Time for the Moon Night, in April 2018 and the special EP Sunny Summer in July 2018. GFriend made an official Japanese debut with a compilation album, GFriend 1st Best, in May 2018. In January 2019, GFriend released their second full-length album, Time For Us. In July 2019, GFriend released their seventh extended play album, Fever Season. In February 2020, GFriend released their eight EP, \u56de:Labyrinth.", "Q519031": "Stormtroopers of Death (abbreviated to S.O.D.) were an American crossover thrash band formed in New York City in 1985. They are credited as being among the first bands to fuse hardcore punk with thrash metal into a style sometimes referred to as crossover thrash. The band is also known for reuniting Anthrax members Scott Ian (guitars) and Charlie Benante (drums) with their former bassist Dan Lilker. Their instrumental song \"March of the SOD\" from their 1985 debut album, Speak English or Die, was the Headbanger's Ball intro anthem for many years. Another song from the same album, \"Chromatic Death\", was also used during the show as a segue between ads and videos. \nThe band were the source of some controversy due to their deliberately offensive lyrics. Scott Ian described the songs on Speak English Or Die as \"ridiculous\" and \"just a big inside joke\", adding: \"Some people thought we were racist, and those people are stupid.\" Bassist Dan Lilker stated: \"The lyrics were never intended to be serious, just to piss people off.\" The band had several periods of inactivity following their formation in 1985. According to singer Billy Milano, the 24-song extended play of live and unreleased material called Rise of the Infidels, released in August 2007 on Megaforce Records, \"will finally be the last of S.O.D.,\" laying to rest rumors of another reunion.", "Q76189": "Elizabeth von Arnim (31 August 1866 \u2013 9 February 1941), born Mary Annette Beauchamp, was an Australian-born British novelist. By marriage she became Countess von Arnim-Schlagenthin, and after her second marriage she was styled as Elizabeth Russell, Countess Russell. Although known in her early life as Mary, after the publication of her first book, she was known to her readers, eventually to her friends, and finally even to her family as Elizabeth and she is now invariably referred to as Elizabeth von Arnim. She also wrote under the pen name Alice Cholmondeley.", "Q964309": "David Graiver (1941 \u2014 1976) was an Argentine businessman and banker who was investigated in the 1970s for alleged money laundering of US$17 million for the Montoneros, a leftist guerrilla group. He was indicted for embezzlement after his reported death by Manhattan District Attorney Robert Morgenthau, who had thought he might have faked his death, because of the September 15, 1976 failure of American Bank & Trust. This was the fourth-largest bank failure in United States history at the time, and Graiver's banks in Argentina and elsewhere also failed. A New York court declared Graiver officially dead on January 15, 1979, clearing the way for resolution of some outstanding financial issues.", "Q60933": "Minami Takahashi (\u9ad8\u6a4b \u307f\u306a\u307f, Takahashi Minami, born 8 April 1991) is a Japanese singer, tarent and a former member of the Japanese girl idol group AKB48. She is in Team A of AKB48. She became the first General Director (\u7dcf\u76e3\u7763, s\u014dkantoku) of AKB48 and its sister groups. In an interview with Nippon Television in June 2010, AKB48 producer Yasushi Akimoto says she is the \"eldest daughter of the 48 sisters\". She is also regarded as \"soul of AKB\", and her motto \"Making efforts will be paid\" has inspired many members of AKB48. She is commonly part of the main lineup of AKB48 singles. She is a member of the AKB48 sub-group no3b, along with AKB48 member Minami Minegishi and ex-member Haruna Kojima.", "Q444450": "Samantha Lynne Hanratty (born September 20, 1995) is an American actress. Her first lead role took place in 2009, portraying Chrissa Maxwell in An American Girl: Chrissa Stands Strong. In 2011, she played the role Whitney Brown in the film The Greening of Whitney Brown. Hanratty is considered a Celebrity Friend for the Starlight Children's Foundation.", "Q830994": "G\u00e1sp\u00e1r Mikl\u00f3s Tam\u00e1s (G. M. Tam\u00e1s; Hungarian: Tam\u00e1s G\u00e1sp\u00e1r Mikl\u00f3s; born 28 November 1948), often referred to in the media as TGM, is a Hungarian marxist-anarcho-syndicalist philosopher and public intellectual. He writes primarily about political and aesthetic questions.\n\n", "Q973113": "Eyehategod (also abbreviated and referred to as EHG) is an American sludge metal band from New Orleans who formed in 1988. They have become one of the better known bands to emerge from the NOLA metal scene. Throughout the years, their core line-up has remained, with the exceptions of the bassist, a slot in which several musicians have played, and the death of drummer Joey LaCaze in 2013.\nEyehategod have noted Melvins, Carnivore, The Obsessed, Discharge, Black Flag, Corrosion of Conformity, Black Sabbath, Celtic Frost, Confessor and Saint Vitus as key influences to their sound. Heavy, detuned, and bluesy guitar riffs dominate the band's discography. They are combined with walls of feedback, and tortured vocals, with lyrical themes centered around substance abuse, to create a harsh misanthropic vibe. The band was friends with the grindcore group Anal Cunt and performed with them for the first show after their frontman Seth Putnam was revived from his 2004 coma. Putnam has also provided vocals for at least one EHG show in its entirety.", "Q95574": "Johanna Wanka (n\u00e9e Johanna M\u00fcller; born 1 April 1951) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as Federal Minister for Education and Research in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2013 until 2018. From 2000 to 2009, she served as Minister for Science, Research and Culture of the state of Brandenburg, then from 2010 to 2013 she served as Minister of Science and Culture of the state of Lower Saxony, in the Cabinet McAllister.", "Q269799": "Jaclyn Marielle Jaffe (born June 23, 1989) is an American actress, singer and model.\nJaffe was born in Valencia, California. She made her feature film debut as Aphrodite Girl in the 2010 film, Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief. In April 2011, she landed a lead role in Wes Craven's slasher film Scream 4, playing Olivia Morris.Later that year she played the wife of Taylor Lautner's character in Funny or Die's spoof, Field of Dreams 2: Lockout. She participated with another Funny or Die short, Hollywood Takes a Stand Against Planking. She landed a recurring role on ABC Family's hit TV show The Secret Life of the American Teenager as \"Clementine\". She most recently won the role of Tanner Tarlton in What About Love (2013).\n\n", "Q11674": "David Alexander Paterson (born May 20, 1954) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 55th Governor of New York, succeeding Eliot Spitzer and serving out nearly three years of Spitzer's term from March 2008 to the end of 2010. He is the first African American to serve as Governor of New York and the second legally blind governor of a U.S. state.\nFollowing his graduation from Hofstra Law School, Paterson worked in the District Attorney's office of Queens County, New York and on the staff of Manhattan Borough President David Dinkins. In 1985, he was elected to the New York State Senate to a seat once held by his father, former New York Secretary of State Basil Paterson. In 2003, he rose to the position of Senate minority leader. Paterson was selected to be the running mate of Democratic gubernatorial nominee Eliot Spitzer in the 2006 New York gubernatorial election. Spitzer and Paterson were elected in November 2006 with 69 percent of the vote, and Paterson took office as lieutenant governor on January 1, 2007.\nAfter Spitzer resigned in the wake of a prostitution scandal, Paterson was sworn in as governor of New York on March 17, 2008. Paterson held the office of governor during the Great Recession, and he implemented state budget cuts. Paterson also made two significant appointments: In January 2009, he appointed then-U.S. Representative Kirsten Gillibrand to a vacant U.S. Senate seat, and in July 2009, he appointed Richard Ravitch as lieutenant governor. Paterson launched a campaign for a full term as governor in the 2010 gubernatorial election, but announced on February 26, 2010 that he would bow out of the race. During the final year of his administration, Paterson faced allegations of witness tampering, soliciting improper gifts, and making false statements; he was eventually fined for having lied under oath. Since leaving office, Paterson has been a radio talk show host and served as chairman of the New York Democratic Party from May 2014 to November 2015.", "Q57621": "Wilhelm, German Crown Prince (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Victor August Ernst; 6 May 1882 \u2013 20 July 1951) was the eldest child and heir of the last German Emperor, Wilhelm II, and the last Crown Prince of the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. After the death of his grandfather Emperor Frederick III, Wilhelm became crown prince at the age of six, retaining that title for more than 30 years until the fall of the empire on 9 November 1918. During World War I, he commanded the 5th Army from 1914 to 1916 and was commander of the Army Group German Crown Prince for the remainder of the war. Crown Prince Wilhelm became head of the House of Hohenzollern on 4 June 1941 following the death of his father and held the position until his own death on 20 July 1951.", "Q69917": "Hans von der Groeben (14 May 1907 \u2013 6 March 2005) was a German diplomat, scientist and journalist and member of the European Commission. \nVon der Groeben was born in Langheim (today \u0141ankiejmy, Poland) near Rastenburg, East Prussia.\nA son of landowner Georg von der Groeben and Eva von Mirbach, he studied jurisprudence and political economics at the Universities of Berlin, Bonn and G\u00f6ttingen. After the state exams he became a government advisor in 1933 at the Ministry of Nutrition (Reichsern\u00e4hrungsministerium) and in 1937 transferred to his final advisory position for credit and cooperatives (Referats f\u00fcr das Kredit- und Genossenschaftswesen).\nFor periods during the Second World War he served as a reserve in the armed forces, ending up as a first lieutenant. After the war he became a director of government in the Treasury of Lower Saxony. Federal Minister for Economic Affairs Ludwig Erhard recruited him from there to work on Germany's response to the Schuman Declaration for better Franco-German relations. From 1953 he represented the Federal Government in the coordinating committee of the European Coal and Steel Community.\nHe ranks among the fathers of the European Union, he was one of the authors of the Spaak Report, calling for the establishment of the European Economic Community. He was vice-chair of the German delegation, led by Alfred Mueller Armack at the 1956 Brussels Conference which led to the Treaty of Rome and was chair of the \"Common Market\" committee. He is responsible for the fact that the EEC received a contractually specified free market framework and found a kindred spirit in the French delegation leader, Robert Marjolin.\nWhen the Treaty of Rome came into effect on 1 January 1958, Chancellor Konrad Adenauer appointed Von der Groeben as the second German member of the first European Commission, along with Walter Hallstein who became the commission president. \nResponsible for competition policy, Von der Groeben set the foundations of the European antitrust rights, introduced the value added tax system as well as the adjustment of the control systems and the European joint patents. The December 1961 adoption of the European antitrust rights is based on his efforts to unite the French and German systems. \nHe remained a member of the second Hallstein Commission and the Rey Commission, serving until 1970. After leaving the commission in 1970 he became an advisor to the CDU on questions of European policy and worked actively as a scientists and journalist. \nIn 1967 he received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Frankfurt. \nHe married Gunhild von Rosenberg in 1934 and they had 3 children.\nVon der Groeben died in 2005, aged 97, in Rheinbach near Bonn.", "Q625770": "The Langoliers is a horror miniseries consisting of two episodes of 1\u00bd hours each. It was directed and written by Tom Holland and based on the novella by Stephen King from the four-part anthology book Four past Midnight. The series was produced by Mitchell Galin and David R. Kappes, for Laurel Entertainment, Inc. The miniseries originally aired May 14\u201315, 1995 on the ABC network.", "Q463951": "Maisons-Laffitte is a commune in the Yvelines department in the \u00cele-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the north-western suburbs of Paris 18.2 km (11.3 mi) from the center.\nMaisons-Laffitte is famous for the Ch\u00e2teau de Maisons-Laffitte, built by architect Fran\u00e7ois Mansart in the 17th century. Maisons-Laffitte is also known for its horse racing track, the Maisons-Laffitte Racecourse, which is why the town is known as the \"cit\u00e9 du cheval\" and is compared with Newmarket in the United Kingdom.", "Q123628": "Carlos Leal (born 1969) is a Swiss rapper and actor.\nLeal was born in Lausanne to Galician immigrants. In 1990, he co-founded Sens Unik. The group produced four gold records and contributed music to the films La Haine (1995) and Neutre (2001).\nHe produced videos with Sens Unik, and after making an appearance in the documentary Babylon 2 (1993), Leal decided to pursue a serious acting career. He trained under director Jack Garfein at The Actors Studio in Paris. He made his film debut in Week End Break (2002), a comedy short film, which led to roles in a number of French and Swiss productions.\nIn 2005, Leal appeared in the Swiss film Snow White, in his first major cinematic role. For his performance, he was awarded the prize for Best Actor at the Africa Film Festival, and Swiss Film Prize for Best Performance in a Leading Role.\nIn 2006, Leal played the role of croupier and poker tournament organizer in the James Bond film Casino Royale.\nIn 2020, he portrayed Max Epperson aka Bob Weir, in the Netflix film, The Last Thing He Wanted.\n\n", "Q172301": "M\u00e1rton Gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6si is a Hungarian politician, the Executive Vice-President of the Hungarian far-right political party Jobbik. He was elected MP in the 2010 parliamentary election. Between 2010 and 2018 he served as the vice-chair of the Foreign Committee of the Hungarian National Assembly. He was the leader of the Jobbik's parliamentary group from 2018 to 2019. He was elected a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) in the 2019 European Parliament election, as a result he resigned from his seat in the national parliament.", "Q76837": "Daniel Marc Cohn-Bendit (French: [k\u0254n b\u025bndit]; German: [ko\u02d0n \u02c8b\u025bndi\u02d0t]; born 4 April 1945) is a French-German politician. He was a student leader during the unrest of May 1968 in France and was also known during that time as Dany le Rouge (French for \"Danny the Red\", because of both his politics and the colour of his hair). He was co-president of the group European Greens\u2013European Free Alliance in the European Parliament. He co-chairs the Spinelli Group, a European parliament inter-group aiming at relaunching the federalist project in Europe. He was a recipient of the European Parliament's European Initiative Prize in 2016.", "Q53447": "Henryk IV Probus (Latin for the Righteous) (Polish: Henryk IV Probus or Prawy; German: Heinrich IV. der Gerechte) (c.\u20091258 \u2013 23 June 1290) was a member of the Silesian branch of the royal Polish Piast dynasty. He was Duke of Silesia at Wroc\u0142aw from 1266, and from also 1288 High Duke of the Polish Seniorate Province of Krak\u00f3w until his death in 1290.\n\n", "Q328909": "Louis Edmond Duranty (6 June 1833 \u2013 9 April 1880) was a prolific French novelist and art critic.Duranty supported the realist cause and later the Impressionists. He was challenged to a duel in 1870 by \u00c9douard Manet over an affront. He was a friend of Edgar Degas, who painted a celebrated portrait of him in 1879 (Burrell Collection, Glasgow). He was a frequent visitor to the Caf\u00e9 Guerbois. Also the author of The New Painting.\nDuranty adopted 'truth' as the slogan of his short-lived journal R\u00e9alisme (1856\u201357), and in the second volume he composed principles of realism.", "Q555549": "James Allen Pattison, (born October 1, 1928) is a Canadian business magnate, investor and philanthropist. He is based in Vancouver, British Columbia, where he holds the position of chief executive officer, chairman and sole owner of the Jim Pattison Group, Canada's second largest privately-held company, with more than 45,000 employees worldwide, and annual sales of $10.1 billion. The Group is active in 25 divisions, according to Forbes, including packaging, food, forestry products.In 2015, he was considered to be Canada's fourth richest person. Pattison is often referred to as \"Canada\u2019s Warren Buffett\". According to Forbes, Pattison's net worth in late 2018 was $5.7 billion, having increased substantially from the $2.1 billion reported in March 2009. At the time, he was described as Canada's third richest man by Bloomberg News.Pattison was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in December 2018, having previously been appointed to the Order of Canada (1987), and the Order of British Columbia (1990) and receiving the Governor General\u2019s Commemorative Medal for the 125th Anniversary in Canada. Other recognition included being inducted into the Canadian Business Hall of Fame and the Canadian Professional Sales Association Hall of Fame, as well as Entrepreneur of the Year \u2013 Lifetime Achievement Award (2000), the International Horatio Alger Award (U.S.A., 2004), and the Young Presidents Organization Canadian Icon Award (2007).", "Q3962476": "Skeleton Coast is the 4th installment of The Oregon Files by Clive Cussler & Jack B. Du Brul. It involves Juan Cabrillo and his crew of concerned mercenaries, as they attempt to quell a revolution, support and spark another and save the East Coast of America from widespread infection and illness.", "Q52981": "Faenza (UK: , US: , Italian: [fa\u02c8\u025bntsa]; Romagnol: F\u00e8nza or F\u1ebdza; Latin: Faventia) is an Italian city and comune in the province of Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) southeast of Bologna.\nFaenza is home to a historical manufacture of majolica-ware glazed earthenware pottery, known from the name of the town as faience.\n\n", "Q1539696": "The National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico (Spanish: Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional de M\u00e9xico. Spanish pronunciation: [insti\u02c8tuto poli\u02c8tekniko nasjo\u02c8nal] (listen)), abbreviated IPN, is one of the largest public universities in Mexico with 171,581 students at the high school, undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It is the second best university in Mexico in the technical and engineering domain according to the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2018. It was founded on 1 January 1936 during the administration of President L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas del R\u00edo in order to provide professional education to the most disadvantaged social classes in that period, a practice that is maintained because it is one of the few vocational schools in the world.The institute consists of 98 academic units offering 293 courses of study. It includes 78 technical careers, 80 undergraduate and 135 postgraduate programs. Its main campus, called 'Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos' or 'Zacatenco', is on approximately 530 acres (2.1 km2) north of Mexico City.The IPN is based primarily in Mexico City and its suburbs, but with several research institutes and facilities distributed over 22 states.", "Q2499602": "Gustaf Axel Estlander (18 September 1876 \u2013 1 December 1930) was a Finnish architect and one of the most successful Scandinavian yacht designers of the early 20th century. He was born and educated in Finland, later set up a yacht yard in Germany, and spent his final years in Sweden. As a sporty youth, Estlander in 1894 sailed from Finland to Sweden in a canoe. He was an accomplished skater, winning the 1898 European Speed Skating Championships for Men in Helsinki, Finland.", "Q215444": "Erich Heller (27 March 1911 \u2013 5 November 1990) was a British essayist, known particularly for his critical studies in German-language philosophy and literature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.", "Q339804": "Children of Heaven (Persian: \u0628\u0686\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200e Ba\u010d\u010de-h\u00e2-ye \u00e2sem\u00e2n) is a 1997 Iranian family drama film written and directed by Majid Majidi. It deals with a brother and sister and their adventures over a lost pair of shoes. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1998.", "Q308401": "Abdoulaye Mamani (1932\u20131993) was a Nigerien poet, novelist and trade unionist.", "Q628254": "The Russian Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg, informally known as the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts, was founded in 1757 by the founder of the Imperial Moscow University Ivan Shuvalov under the name Academy of the Three Noblest Arts. Catherine the Great renamed it the Imperial Academy of Arts and commissioned a new building, completed 25 years later in 1789 by the Neva River. The academy promoted the neoclassical style and technique, and sent its promising students to European capitals for further study. Training at the academy was virtually required for artists to make successful careers.\nFormally abolished in 1918 after the Russian Revolution, the academy was renamed several times. It established free tuition; students from across the country competed fiercely for its few places annually. In 1947 the national institution was moved to Moscow, and much of its art collection was moved to the Hermitage. The building in Leningrad was devoted to the Ilya Repin Leningrad Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, named in honor of one of Russia's foremost realist artists. Since 1991 it has been called the St. Petersburg Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.", "Q317521": "Elon Reeve Musk (; born June 28, 1971) is an engineer, industrial designer, technology entrepreneur, and philanthropist. He is a citizen of South Africa, the United States (where he has lived most of his life and currently resides), and Canada. He is the founder, CEO and chief engineer/designer of SpaceX; co-founder, CEO and product architect of Tesla, Inc.; founder of The Boring Company; co-founder of Neuralink; and co-founder and initial co-chairman of OpenAI. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2018. In December 2016, he was ranked 21st on the Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People, and was ranked joint-first on the Forbes list of the Most Innovative Leaders of 2019. As of April 2020, he has a net worth of $38.4 billion and is listed by Forbes as the 23rd-richest person in the world. He is the longest tenured CEO of any automotive manufacturer globally.Born and raised in Pretoria, South Africa, Musk briefly attended the University of Pretoria before moving to Canada when he was 17 to attend Queen's University. He transferred to the University of Pennsylvania two years later, where he received a bachelor's degree in economics from the Wharton School and a bachelor's degree in physics from the College of Arts and Sciences. He began a Ph.D. in applied physics and material sciences at Stanford University in 1995 but dropped out after two days to pursue a business career. He subsequently co-founded (with his brother Kimbal) Zip2, a web software company, which was acquired by Compaq for $340 million in 1999. Musk then founded X.com, an online bank. It merged with Confinity in 2000, which had launched PayPal the previous year and was subsequently bought by eBay for $1.5 billion in October 2002.In May 2002, Musk founded SpaceX, an aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company, of which he is CEO and lead designer. He joined Tesla Motors, Inc. (Now Tesla, Inc.), an electric vehicle manufacturer, in 2004, the year after it was founded, and became its CEO and product architect. In 2006, he inspired the creation of SolarCity, a solar energy services company (now a subsidiary of Tesla). In 2015, Musk co-founded OpenAI, a nonprofit research company that aims to promote friendly artificial intelligence. In July 2016, he co-founded Neuralink, a neurotechnology company focused on developing brain\u2013computer interfaces. In December 2016, Musk founded The Boring Company, an infrastructure and tunnel construction company focused on tunnels optimized for electric vehicles.\nApart from Tesla, Musk is not an investor in the stock market. In addition to his primary business pursuits, Musk has envisioned a high-speed transportation system known as the Hyperloop, and has proposed a vertical take-off and landing supersonic jet electric aircraft with electric fan propulsion, known as the Musk electric jet. Musk has said the goals of SpaceX, Tesla, and SolarCity revolve around his vision to \"change the world and help humanity\". His goals include reducing global warming through sustainable energy production and consumption, and reducing the risk of human extinction by establishing a human colony on Mars.", "Q2730428": "Ricardo Belmont Cassinelli is a Peruvian TV network owner and politician. He was the mayor of Lima from 1990 to 1995. He was popularly known as \"El Herman\u00f3n\" (Big Brother) for his friendliness and also as \"El Colora'o\" (Ginger) because of his reddish hair.", "Q255060": "Kelly Ann Parsons (born 23 November 1979), known professionally as Kelly Brook, is an English model, actress, media personality, and author. She is known for her modelling work in the UK, and in the US for her role on the NBC sitcom One Big Happy (2015).\nBrook has appeared in various television shows, including Strictly Come Dancing (2007), Britain's Got Talent (2009), Celebrity Juice (2012-2013), It's Not Me, It's You (2016), Loose Women (2018), and The Great British Bake Off (2020).\nBrook is regarded as a sex symbol and style icon. She was crowned FHM's Sexiest Woman in the World in 2005 and as of 2015 had appeared in every FHM 100 Sexiest countdown since 1998. Brook has also appeared in films such as Absolon (2003), Fishtales (2007), Piranha 3D (2010), Keith Lemon: The Film (2012), and Taking Stock (2015).\nBrook is currently a presenter on the Heart London drive show. She also co-presents the National Heart radio show on the Feel Good Weekend show on Saturdays from 6am-10am alongside Jason King.", "Q873661": "Otto Lechner (born February 25, 1964) is an Austrian accordionist.\nLechner taught himself to play the accordion starting at age four. He has been blind since age 15. Lechner is currently a member of the group Accordion Tribe and musical director of two ensembles in Vienna, Otto's Jazz Ensemble and Das Erste Wiener Strenge Kammerorchester. He lives in Vienna with his partner and collaborator, Anne Bennent.", "Q5272339": "Dice (2001) is a Canada/UK co-produced drama television mini-series. It was directed by Rachel Talalay and written by A. L. Kennedy and John Burnside, inspired by cult 70s novel The Dice Man by Luke Rhinehart.", "Q168359": "Jean-Alfred Villain-Marais (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 ma\u0281\u025b]; 11 December 1913 \u2013 8 November 1998), known professionally as Jean Marais, was a French actor, writer, director and sculptor. He performed in over 100 films and was the muse of acclaimed director Jean Cocteau. In 1996, he was awarded the French Legion of Honor for his contributions to French Cinema.", "Q139670": "The First Republic of Armenia, officially known at the time of its existence as the Republic of Armenia (classical Armenian: \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576\u056b \u0570\u0561\u0576\u0580\u0561\u057a\u0565\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576), was the first modern Armenian state since the loss of Armenian statehood in the Middle Ages.The republic was established in the Armenian-populated territories of the disintegrated Russian Empire, known as Eastern Armenia or Russian Armenia. The leaders of the government came mostly from the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF or Dashnaktsutyun). The First Republic of Armenia bordered the Democratic Republic of Georgia to the north, the Ottoman Empire to the west, Persia to the south, and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic to the east. It had a total land area of roughly 70,000 km\u00b2 (174,000 km\u00b2 under the Treaty of S\u00e8vres), and a population of 1.3 million.\nThe Armenian National Council declared the independence of Armenia on 28 May 1918. From the very onset, Armenia was plagued with a variety of domestic and foreign problems. A humanitarian crisis emerged from the aftermath of the Armenian Genocide as tens of thousands of Armenian refugees from the Ottoman Empire settled there. The republic lasted for over two years, during which time it was involved in several armed conflicts caused by territorial disputes. By late 1920, the nation was conquered by the Soviet Red Army. The First Republic, along with the Republic of Mountainous Armenia which repelled the Soviet invasion until July 1921, ceased to exist as an independent state, superseded by the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic that became part of the Soviet Union in 1922. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the republic regained its independence as the current Republic of Armenia in 1991.", "Q1258755": "Drew Pearson (born January 12, 1951) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football at the University of Tulsa.", "Q107946": "Reinhold Quaatz (born 8 May 1876 in Berlin - died 15 August 1953 in West Berlin) was a German conservative politician who was active during the Weimar Republic. Although associated with right-wing and v\u00f6lkisch tendencies l, Quaatz was half-Jewish in ancestry.Quaatz, a member of the Reichstag, was first elected in 1920 for the German People's Party (DVP) before he switched to the German National People's Party (DNVP). He retained his seat until the establishment of the Nazi regime. He had been a member of the Nationalliberale Vereinigung, a landowners' group that was affiliated to the DVP and also included the likes of Johann Becker, Moritz Kl\u00f6nne, Albert V\u00f6gler and Alfred Gildemeister, but he then clashed with the leadership and switched to the DNVP in early 1924. As a result, Quaatz ran on the DNVP ticket from the May 1924 election onward. l\nAs a DNVP member, Quaatz was personally close to party leader Alfred Hugenberg. The industrialist frequently confided in his friend, as wZ demonstrated by Quaatz's diaries, published in 1989.Despite his mother being Jewish, Quaatz endorsed anti-Semitic policies as a DNVP politician and even encouraged Hugenburg to work closely with Adolf Hitler for fear of both socialism and the political Catholicism of the Centre Party.Away from politics, he was an industrialist and financier and in early 1933, he was appointed to the board of the Dresdner Bank. He was removed from that position in February 1936, as the Nazi laws barred Mischling from such positions.He was briefly cross-examined by the Gestapo in the aftermath of the 20 July plot on Hitler's life in 1944 but generally his high-level contacts meant that he endured little state attention.He was a founder member of the Christian Democratic Union in Berlin after the war.", "Q53453": "Alain Souchon (French pronunciation: \u200b[al\u025b\u0303 su\u0283\u0254\u0303]; born Alain Kienast; 27 May 1944) is a French singer-songwriter and actor. He has released 15 albums and has played roles in seven films.", "Q647687": "Hiroshi Kikuchi (\u83ca\u6c60 \u5bdb, Kikuchi Hiroshi, December 26, 1888 \u2013 March 6, 1948), known by his pen name Kan Kikuchi (which uses the same kanji as his real name), was a Japanese author born in Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. He established the publishing company Bungeishunj\u016b, the monthly magazine of the same name, the Japan Writer's Association and both the Akutagawa and Naoki Prize for popular literature. He came to prominence for the plays \"Madame Pearl\" and \"Father Returns\", but his ample support for the Imperial Japanese war effort led to his marginalization in the postwar period. He was also the head of Daiei Motion Picture Company (currently Kadokawa Pictures). He is known to have been an avid player of Mahjong.", "Q865017": "Mister Fantastic (Reed Richards) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is a founding member of the Fantastic Four. Richards possesses a mastery of mechanical, aerospace and electrical engineering, chemistry, all levels of physics, and human and alien biology. BusinessWeek listed Mister Fantastic as one of the top ten most intelligent fictional characters in American comics. He is the inventor of the spacecraft that was bombarded by cosmic radiation on its maiden voyage, granting the Fantastic Four their powers. Richards gained the ability to stretch his body into any shape he desires.\nMister Fantastic acts as the leader and father figure of the Fantastic Four, and although his cosmic ray powers are primarily stretching abilities, his presence on the team is heavily defined by his scientific acumen, as he is officially acknowledged as the smartest man in the Marvel Universe. This is particularly a point of tragedy in regards to his best friend, Ben Grimm, who he has constantly tried to turn back into his human form but typically remains a large, rocky creature called the Thing. He is the loving husband of Susan Storm, father of Franklin Richards and Valeria Richards, and mentor of his brother-in-law, Johnny Storm.\nThe character of Reed Richards was portrayed by actors Alex Hyde-White in the 1994 The Fantastic Four film, Ioan Gruffudd in the 2005 film Fantastic Four and its 2007 sequel Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, and Miles Teller in the 2015 film Fantastic Four.\n\n", "Q722779": "Walter S. Mossberg (born March 27, 1947) is an American journalist. He is widely credited with pioneering the modern, consumer-focused, technology review and commentary.\nFrom 1991 through 2013, he was the principal technology columnist for The Wall Street Journal. He also co-founded AllThingsD, Recode and the D and Code Conferences. From 2015 to 2017, Mossberg was Executive Editor of The Verge and Editor-at-Large of Recode, web sites owned by Vox Media. Mossberg wrote a weekly column for both and also had a weekly podcast, Ctrl-Walt-Delete. Mossberg was also co-executive producer of the annual Code Conference. He retired in July 2017.\nDow Jones announced on September 19, 2013, that Mossberg would leave The Wall Street Journal as part of the breakup with AllThingsD by the end of the year. AllThingsD was a technology conference and web site owned by Dow Jones but created and operated by Mossberg and Kara Swisher. Along with other reporters from AllThingsD, Mossberg and Swisher started a new media site called Recode in 2014, which was acquired by Vox Media in 2015.In April 2017, Mossberg announced his plans to retire. He serves on the board of The News Literacy Project.", "Q939768": "Enrico Forlanini (13 December 1848 \u2013 9 October 1930) was an Italian engineer, inventor and aeronautical pioneer, known for his works on helicopters, aircraft, hydrofoils and dirigibles. He was born in Milan. His older brother Carlo Forlanini was a physician.", "Q129477": "Judit Csabai (n\u00e9e R\u00e1cz; born 24 March 1947) is a Hungarian politician, a former member of the National Assembly between 1994\u20131995 and 1998\u20132006. She represented Ny\u00edregyh\u00e1za (Szabolcs-Szatm\u00e1r-Bereg County Constituency II) from 2002 to 2006. Csabai served as Mayor of Ny\u00edregyh\u00e1za between 1994 and 2010. She was succeeded by Ferenc Kov\u00e1cs.\nHer daughter is Judit Csabai, a former freestyle swimmer, who competed at the Summer Olympics for her native country in 1988.", "Q4086897": "MSU Faculty of Biology (Russian: \u0411\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u041c\u0413\u0423) is a faculty of Moscow State University, created in 1930. It is one of the largest faculties of MSU. There are about 1500 employees, including over 100 professors, 140 associate professors and teachers, 700 research associates. It prepares a wide range of shots on various biological specialties and it is the base for carrying out scientific researches on biology and adjacent areas. The Faculty Dean is - Mikhail Kirpichnikov, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.", "Q993795": "Larry Dale (born Ennis L. Lowery, January 7, 1923 \u2013 May 19, 2010) was an American blues singer, guitarist and session musician.", "Q897281": "Helmut Rohde (9 November 1925 \u2013 16 April 2016) was a German politician who served as federal minister of education and science from 1974 to 1978.", "Q3699593": "Curb Records (also known as Asylum-Curb and formerly known as MCG Curb) is an American record label started by Mike Curb originally as Sidewalk Records in 1963. From 1969 to 1973, Curb merged with MGM Records where Curb served as President of MGM and Verve Records.\n\n", "Q512616": "Marie Hermanson (born 1956) is a Swedish writer and journalist. Many of her novels evoke fairy tales and myths, characterized by her sensually realist style. The Devil's Sanctuary, her first novel to be translated into English, appeared in 2013.", "Q170502": "Pope Honorius I (died 12 October 638) was the bishop of Rome from 27 October 625 to his death. He was active in spreading Christianity among Anglo-Saxons and attempted to convince the Celts to calculate Easter in the Roman fashion. He is chiefly remembered for his correspondence with Patriarch Sergius I of Constantinople over the latter's Monothelite teachings. Honorius was posthumously anathematized, initially for subscribing to Monothelitism, and later only for failing to end it. The anathema against Honorius I became one of the central arguments against the doctrine of papal infallibility.\n\n", "Q326930": "Ludwig August Colding (13 July 1815 \u2013 21 March 1888) was a Danish civil engineer and physicist who articulated the principle of conservation of energy contemporaneously with, and independently of, James Prescott Joule and Julius Robert von Mayer though his contribution was largely overlooked and neglected.", "Q242508": "Jyoti Kisange Amge (born 16 December 1993) is an Indian actress notable for being the world's smallest living woman according to Guinness World Records.Following Amge's 18th birthday on 16 December 2011, she was officially declared the world's smallest woman by Guinness World Records with a height of 62.8 centimetres (2 ft 0.6 in). Her restricted height is due to a genetic disorder called achondroplasia.Amge was featured in the 2009 documentary entitled Body Shock: Two Foot Tall Teen. She was also a guest participant on Bigg Boss 6, an Indian television show. On 13 August 2014, she was cast in the fourth season of American Horror Story: Freak Show as Ma Petite.\nIn 2012, she met the world's shortest man, Chandra Bahadur Dangi of Nepal. The pair posed together for the 57th edition of the Guinness World Records.", "Q107952": "Eduard Puricelli (1826\u20131893) was a German industrialist and politician.", "Q470087": "Mithridates I Callinicus (Greek: \u039c\u03b9\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f40 \u041a\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2) was a king of Orontid Iranian descent who lived during the late 2nd century BC and early 1st century BC. Mithridates was a prince, the son, and successor of King of Commagene, Sames II Theosebes Dikaios. Before his succession in 109 BC, he married the Syrian Greek Princess Laodice VII Thea as a part of a peace alliance. Mithridates embraced Greek culture. Laodice bore Mithridates a son, Antiochus I Theos of Commagene (c. 86 BC\u201338 BC), a prince and future king of Commagene. Mithridates died in 70 BC and Antiochus succeeded him.", "Q300049": "Gloria De Piero (born 21 December 1972) is a former British Labour Party politician and journalist. She was first elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ashfield in 2010. She held positions in the shadow cabinet under the leadership of both Ed Miliband and Jeremy Corbyn. This included being the Shadow Secretary of State for Women and Equalities between October 2013 and September 2015, and the Shadow Justice Minister between July 2017 and July 2019. She announced her decision to step down from politics at the same time as she quit the Labour frontbench in July 2019. Prior to her political career, she was the political editor of GMTV.", "Q91706": "Lucas Dolega (19 August 1978 \u2013 17 January 2011), born Loucas von Zabiensky-Mebrouk and also called Lucas Mebrouk Dolega, was a French/German photojournalist. He was reportedly killed by Tunisian police while he was photographing a protest in Tunis. As reported in The Guardian (UK), Dolega was the first journalist killed during the 2010-2011 Tunisian protests, according to Reporters Without Borders. He was also the first journalist to die while on assignment during the Arab Spring uprisings.He was fatally injured on the same day that Zine El Abidine Ben Ali fled Tunisia for exile.", "Q6807342": "Medusa is a Kurt Austin novel, of the series NUMA Files. This book is the eighth of that series. The hardcover edition was released June 2, 2009. Other editions of this book were released on other dates.", "Q122522": "Leslie Hore-Belisha, 1st Baron Hore-Belisha, PC (; 7 September 1893 \u2013 16 February 1957) was a British Liberal, then National Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) and Cabinet Minister. He later joined the Conservative Party. He proved highly successful in modernizing the British road system in 1934\u201337 as Minister of Transport. As War Secretary, 1937\u20131940, he feuded with the commanding generals and was removed in 1940. Anti-semitism played a role in blocking his appointment as Minister of Information.\nHis biographer compares his strong and weak points:\n\nHe was a brilliant speaker, a warm and engaging personality, a go-getter and a persistent driver, a master of the unconventional or indirect approach, a patriot and a man of moral and physical courage, not a great intellect but an original with a flair for imaginative gestures and for public relations. He also had personal weaknesses. He was extremely self-centred and had a fine conceit of himself. At times he was accused of sharp practice.... Sharp practitioner or not, [his] quickness of mind and tongue, and transparent ambition to be seen to succeed, made him vulnerable to smears.... His over-assertiveness...led him to appear inconsiderate of the feelings and views of others.His name is still widely associated in the UK with the amber \"Belisha beacons\" which were installed at pedestrian crossings while he was Minister for Transport.", "Q821655": "Alexander M. Schapiro (1882\u20131946) was a Russian anarcho-syndicalist militant active in the international anarchist movement. Born in southern Russia, Schapiro left Russia at an early age and spent most of his early activist years in London. \nDuring the Russian Revolution, Schapiro returned to Russia and aided the Bolsheviks in their seizure of power during the October Revolution. Following the Russian Civil War and the Kronstandt Uprising, anarchists were suppressed in the Soviet Union, and Schapiro escaped to Western Europe, eventually settling in New York City. Schapiro lived in exile for the remainder of his life. \nSchapiro associated with many other prominent anarchists throughout his life, including Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman, and Peter Kropotkin. When Kropotkin died, Schapiro was one of the organizers of his funeral. Schapiro collaborated with Goldman and Berkman on anarchist pamphlets denouncing the Soviet state for its authoritarianism and suppression of anarchism.\n\n", "Q85773": "Anja Weisgerber (born 11 March 1976) is a German lawyer and politician. She currently is a member of the German Bundestag for the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU), part of the European People's Party (EPP). She previously served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Bavaria. In addition to her political work, she serves as of counsel at the Frankfurt office of German law firm GSK Stockmann & Kollegen.\n\n", "Q539493": "Devin Gerald Nunes (; born October 1, 1973) is an American Republican politician and former dairy farmer serving as the U.S. Representative for California's 22nd congressional district since 2003. He was Chair of the House Intelligence Committee from 2015 to 2019 and a member of President Trump's transition team. Nunes's district, numbered as the 21st from 2003 to 2013 and as the 22nd after redistricting, is in the San Joaquin Valley and includes most of western Tulare County and much of eastern Fresno County.\nIn March 2017 the U.S. House intelligence committee, which Nunes chaired at the time, launched an investigation into possible Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. On April 6, 2017, he temporarily stepped aside from leading that investigation while the Office of Congressional Ethics investigated allegations (which Nunes denied) that he had improperly disclosed classified information to the public. In December 2017 the Republican-majority U.S. House Committee on Ethics closed its investigation without taking any action against Nunes.In February 2018, Nunes publicly released the Nunes memo, a four-page memorandum alleging an FBI conspiracy against Donald Trump. Nunes subsequently began an investigation of the FBI and the Justice Department for allegedly abusing their powers in an attempt to hurt Trump. Nunes's attacks on the FBI and the investigation by independent counsel Robert Mueller have created concerns among Democrats and some Republicans about Republicans' efforts to halt the investigation and to protect Trump from any allegations against him.", "Q4422468": "Andrei Vladimirovich Skoch (born 30 January 1966, Nikolskoye, Moscow region) is a Russian billionaire businessman, part owner of the steelmaker Lebedinsky Mining.\n\n", "Q675153": "Lugee Alfredo Giovanni Sacco (born February 19, 1943), known professionally as Lou Christie, is an American singer-songwriter best known for several pop hits in the 1960s, including his 1966 \"Lightnin' Strikes\".\n\n", "Q2619904": "Archibald David Constable (24 February 1774 \u2013 21 July 1827) was a Scottish publisher, bookseller and stationer.", "Q41057": "Topeka (; Kansa: T\u00f3 Pee Kuh) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Kansas and the seat of Shawnee County. It is along the Kansas River in the central part of Shawnee County, in northeast Kansas, in the Central United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 127,473. The Topeka Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Shawnee, Jackson, Jefferson, Osage, and Wabaunsee counties, had a population of 233,870 in the 2010 census.\nThe name Topeka is a Kansa-Osage sentence that means \"place where we dug potatoes\", or \"a good place to dig potatoes\". As a placename, Topeka was first recorded in 1826 as the Kansa name for what is now called the Kansas River. Topeka's founders chose the name in 1855 because it \"was novel, of Indian origin and euphonious of sound.\" The mixed-blood Kansa Native American, Joseph James, called Jojim, is credited with suggesting Topeka's name. The city, laid out in 1854, was one of the Free-State towns founded by Eastern antislavery men immediately after the passage of the Kansas\u2013Nebraska Bill. In 1857, Topeka was chartered as a city.\nThe city is well known for the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, which overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson and declared racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional. The U.S. Navy has named three ships USS Topeka after the city.", "Q95560": "Walter Fedor Georg Abendroth (29 May 1896 in Hanover \u2013 30 September 1973 in Fischbachau) was a German composer, editor, and writer on music.", "Q259896": "Violant of Bar (c. 1365 \u2013 3 July 1431) was queen consort of Aragon by marriage to John I of Aragon. She served as \"Queen-Lieutenant\" (regent) of Aragon as proxy of her spouse from 1388 until 1395.", "Q529858": "Giovanni Papini (9 January 1881 \u2013 8 July 1956) was an Italian journalist, essayist, novelist, short story writer, poet, literary critic, and philosopher. Among the founders of the journals Leonardo (1903) and Lacerba (1913), he conceived literature as an \"action\" and gave his writings an oratory and irreverent tone. Though self-educated, he was considered influential iconoclastic editor and writer, leading in Italian futurism, he participated in the early literary movements of youth. A living part of the literary, foreign philosophical and political movements, such as the French intuitionism of Bergson and the Anglo-American pragmatism of Peirce and James, which at the beginning of the twentieth century promoted the aging of Italian culture and life from Florence, in the name of an individualistic and dreamy conception of life and art, and a spokesman in Roman catholic religious belief. Papini's literary succes began with his known works include Il Crepuscolo dei Filosofi (\"The Twilight of the Philosophers\"), published in 1906, and his 1913 publication of his auto-biographical novel Un Uomo Finito (\"A finished man\").\nPapini was born into a lower-middle-class family in Florence, the capital of Tuscany. Controversial and discussed intellectual, admired for his writing style, he was a scholar of philosophy, religion, literary critic and heated polemicist, narrator and poet, popularizer of pragmatism and historical avant-gardes such as futurism and post-decadentism. He went from one position to another on the fronts, always dissatisfied and uneasy, he converted from the anti-clericalism and atheism that turned catholicism on; went from cursing and convinced interventionism (before 1915) to aversion to war. \nIn the 1930s, after moving from individualism to conservatism, he finally joined fascism, while maintaining an aversion to nazism.\nAlmost removed from the great literature after its disappearance mainly due to its ideological choices, it was later appreciated and re-evaluated; in 1975, the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges called him an \"undeservedly forgotten\" author.", "Q11660": "In computer science, artificial intelligence (AI), sometimes called machine intelligence, is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals. Leading AI textbooks define the field as the study of \"intelligent agents\": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals. Colloquially, the term \"artificial intelligence\" is often used to describe machines (or computers) that mimic \"cognitive\" functions that humans associate with the human mind, such as \"learning\" and \"problem solving\".As machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered to require \"intelligence\" are often removed from the definition of AI, a phenomenon known as the AI effect. A quip in Tesler's Theorem says \"AI is whatever hasn't been done yet.\" For instance, optical character recognition is frequently excluded from things considered to be AI, having become a routine technology. Modern machine capabilities generally classified as AI include successfully understanding human speech, competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go), autonomously operating cars, intelligent routing in content delivery networks, and military simulations.\nArtificial intelligence was founded as an academic discipline in 1955, and in the years since has experienced several waves of optimism, followed by disappointment and the loss of funding (known as an \"AI winter\"), followed by new approaches, success and renewed funding. For most of its history, AI research has been divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. These sub-fields are based on technical considerations, such as particular goals (e.g. \"robotics\" or \"machine learning\"), the use of particular tools (\"logic\" or artificial neural networks), or deep philosophical differences. Subfields have also been based on social factors (particular institutions or the work of particular researchers).The traditional problems (or goals) of AI research include reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence is among the field's long-term goals. Approaches include statistical methods, computational intelligence, and traditional symbolic AI. Many tools are used in AI, including versions of search and mathematical optimization, artificial neural networks, and methods based on statistics, probability and economics. The AI field draws upon computer science, information engineering, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and many other fields.\nThe field was founded on the assumption that human intelligence \"can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it\". This raises philosophical arguments about the nature of the mind and the ethics of creating artificial beings endowed with human-like intelligence. These issues have been explored by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity. Some people also consider AI to be a danger to humanity if it progresses unabated. Others believe that AI, unlike previous technological revolutions, will create a risk of mass unemployment.In the twenty-first century, AI techniques have experienced a resurgence following concurrent advances in computer power, large amounts of data, and theoretical understanding; and AI techniques have become an essential part of the technology industry, helping to solve many challenging problems in computer science, software engineering and operations research.\n\n", "Q247470": "We Need to Talk About Kevin is a 2011 psychological thriller directed by Lynne Ramsay, and adapted from Lionel Shriver's novel of the same title. A long process of development and financing began in 2005, with filming commencing in April 2010.\nTilda Swinton stars as the mother of Kevin, struggling to come to terms with her son and the horrors he has committed. The film premiered at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and was released in the United Kingdom on 21 October 2011.\nSwinton was nominated for the Golden Globe Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, and the BAFTA for Best Actress in a Leading Role. It received generally positive reviews from both critics and audiences alike.\n\n", "Q736": "Ecuador ( (listen) EK-w\u0259-dor; Spanish pronunciation: [ekwa\u02c8\u00f0o\u027e] (listen); Quechua: Ikwayur; Shuar: Ecuador or Ekuatur), officially the Republic of Ecuador (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica del Ecuador, which literally translates as \"Republic of the Equator\"; Quechua: Ikwadur Ripuwlika; Shuar: Ekuatur Nunka), is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Ecuador also includes the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) west of the mainland. The capital city is Quito, and its largest city as well.The territories of modern-day Ecuador were once home to a variety of Amerindian groups that were gradually incorporated into the Inca Empire during the 15th century. The territory was colonized by Spain during the 16th century, achieving independence in 1820 as part of Gran Colombia, from which it emerged as its own sovereign state in 1830. The legacy of both empires is reflected in Ecuador's ethnically diverse population, with most of its 17.1 million people being mestizos, followed by large minorities of European, Amerindian, and African descendants. Spanish is the official language and is spoken by a majority of the population, though 13 Amerindian languages are also recognized, including Quichua and Shuar.\nThe sovereign state of Ecuador is a middle-income representative democratic republic with a developing economy that is highly dependent on commodities, namely petroleum and agricultural products. It is governed as a democratic presidential republic. One of 17 megadiverse countries in the world, Ecuador hosts many endemic plants and animals, such as those of the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands. In recognition of its unique ecological heritage, the new constitution of 2008 is the first in the world to recognize legally enforceable Rights of Nature, or ecosystem rights. It also has the fifth lowest homicide rate in the Americas. Between 2006 and 2016, poverty decreased from 36.7% to 22.5% and annual per capita GDP growth was 1.5 percent (as compared to 0.6 percent over the prior two decades). At the same time, inequalities, as measured by the Gini index, decreased from 0.55 to 0.47.", "Q47426": "Milton Friedman (; July 31, 1912 \u2013 November 16, 2006) was an American economist who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and the complexity of stabilization policy. With George Stigler and others, Friedman was among the intellectual leaders of the Chicago school of economics, a neoclassical school of economic thought associated with the work of the faculty at the University of Chicago that rejected Keynesianism in favor of monetarism until the mid-1970s, when it turned to new classical macroeconomics heavily based on the concept of rational expectations. Several students and young professors who were recruited or mentored by Friedman at Chicago went on to become leading economists, including Gary Becker, Robert Fogel, Thomas Sowell and Robert Lucas Jr.Friedman's challenges to what he later called \"naive Keynesian\" theory began with his 1950s reinterpretation of the consumption function. In the 1960s, he became the main advocate opposing Keynesian government policies and described his approach (along with mainstream economics) as using \"Keynesian language and apparatus\" yet rejecting its \"initial\" conclusions. He theorized that there existed a \"natural\" rate of unemployment and argued that unemployment below this rate would cause inflation to accelerate. He argued that the Phillips curve was in the long run vertical at the \"natural rate\" and predicted what would come to be known as stagflation. Friedman promoted an alternative macroeconomic viewpoint known as \"monetarism\" and argued that a steady, small expansion of the money supply was the preferred policy. His ideas concerning monetary policy, taxation, privatization and deregulation influenced government policies, especially during the 1980s. His monetary theory influenced the Federal Reserve's response to the global financial crisis of 2007\u20132008.Friedman was an advisor to Republican President Ronald Reagan and Conservative British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. His political philosophy extolled the virtues of a free market economic system with minimal intervention. He once stated that his role in eliminating conscription in the United States was his proudest accomplishment. In his 1962 book Capitalism and Freedom, Friedman advocated policies such as a volunteer military, freely floating exchange rates, abolition of medical licenses, a negative income tax and school vouchers and opposed the war on drugs. His support for school choice led him to found the Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice, later renamed EdChoice.Friedman's works include monographs, books, scholarly articles, papers, magazine columns, television programs, and lectures, and cover a broad range of economic topics and public policy issues. His books and essays have had global influence, including in former communist states. A survey of economists ranked Friedman as the second-most popular economist of the 20th century, following only John Maynard Keynes, and The Economist described him as \"the most influential economist of the second half of the 20th century ... possibly of all of it\".", "Q76823": "Karl Mannheim (born K\u00e1roly Manheim, 27 March 1893 \u2013 9 January 1947) was an influential German sociologist during the first half of the 20th century. He was a founding father of classical sociology, as well as idea of sociology of knowledge. Mannheim is known for Ideology and Utopia (1929) wherein he argues that ideologies are representative of the true nature of a society, and that, in trying to achieve a utopia, the dogmas of ideology affect the intellectual integrity of theories of philosophy and theories of history.", "Q172315": "Damien Magee (born 17 November 1945 in Belfast) is a British former racing driver from Northern Ireland. He participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 8 June 1975. He scored no championship points.\nHis only World Championship Grand Prix start came in 1975 when he replaced Arturo Merzario at Williams at short notice for the Swedish Grand Prix. The following year he tried to qualify a RAM-entered Brabham at the 1976 French Grand Prix, but missed out.", "Q335794": "Vas\u00edl U\u0142adz\u00edmiravi\u010d B\u00fdka\u016d (often spelled Vasil Bykov, Belarusian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0301\u043b\u044c \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0456\u0301\u043c\u0456\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u0411\u044b\u0301\u043a\u0430\u045e, Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432) (19 June 1924 \u2013 22 June 2003) was a prolific author of novels and novellas about World War II and a significant figure in soviet and Belarusian literature and civic thought. His work earned him endorsements for the Nobel Prize nomination from, among others, Nobel Prize laureates Joseph Brodsky and Czes\u0142aw Mi\u0142osz.", "Q105823": "Stian Tomt Thoresen (born 18 November 1976), known professionally as Shagrath, is a Norwegian musician best known as the vocalist, founding member and multi-instrumentalist of the band Dimmu Borgir.", "Q975210": "Max Erich (Eric) Reissner (January 5, 1913 \u2013 November 1, 1996) was a German-American civil engineer and mathematician, and Professor of Mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was recipient of the Theodore von Karman Medal in 1964, and the ASME Medal in 1988.Reissner is known as co-developer of the Mindlin\u2013Reissner plate theory. He is remembered by the New York Times (1996) as the \"mathematician whose work in applied mechanics helped broaden the theoretical understanding of how solid objects react under stress and led to advances in both civil and aerospace engineering.\"Professor Reissner is perhaps best known for the Reissner shear deformation plate theory, which resolved the classical boundary-condition paradox of Kirchhoff, and for establishment of the Reissner variational principle in solid mechanics, for which he received an award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Professor Reissner also has been honored by the American Society of Civil Engineers with the Theodore von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n Medal, by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers with the Timoshenko Medal, and by the University of Hanover, Germany, with an honorary doctorate. He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the International Academy of Astronautics, and an honorary member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the German Society for Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik). He wrote nearly 300 articles published in scientific and technical journals and continued these contributions to the advancement of knowledge until the last few months of his illness.", "Q172473": "Georges Berger (14 September 1918 in Sint-Jans-Molenbeek, near Brussels \u2013 23 August 1967 at the N\u00fcrburgring) was a racing driver who raced a Gordini in his two World Championship Formula One Grands Prix.\nHe initially competed during the 1950s in a Formula 2 BMW-engined Jicey with which he finished third in the Grand Prix des Fronti\u00e8res at Chimay. In 1953 he raced for the Simca-Gordini team and finished fifth at the same track. He entered the same car (a 1.5-litre 4 cylinder Gordini type 15) in the Belgian Grand Prix but retired after only three laps with engine failure. The following year he raced a Gordini with nothing more than a fourth position at Rouen. After this he faded from single-seater racing.\nLater in his career he shared the winning Ferrari at the 1960 Tour de France automobile. He was killed racing a Porsche 911 in the 1967 84-hour Marathon de la Route at N\u00fcrburgring.", "Q57153": "General Erich Georg Sebastian Anton von Falkenhayn (11 September 1861 \u2013 8 April 1922) was the second Chief of the German General Staff of the First World War from September 1914 until 29 August 1916. He was removed on 29 August 1916 after the failure at the Battle of Verdun, the opening of the Battle of the Somme, the Brusilov Offensive and the entry of Romania into the war on the Allied side undid his strategy to end the war before 1917. He was later given important field commands in Romania and Syria. His reputation as a war leader was attacked in Germany during and after the war, especially by the faction which supported Paul von Hindenburg. Falkenhayn held that Germany could not win the war by a decisive battle but would have to reach a compromise peace; his enemies said he lacked the resolve necessary to win a decisive victory. Falkenhayn's relations with the Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg were troubled and undercut Falkenhayn's plans.", "Q71": "Geneva ( jin-EE-v\u0259; French: Gen\u00e8ve [\u0292\u0259n\u025bv] (listen); Arpitan: Gen\u00e8va [dz\u0259\u02c8n\u025bva] (listen); German: Genf [\u0261\u025bnf] (listen); Italian: Ginevra [d\u0292i\u02c8ne\u02d0vra]; Romansh: Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Z\u00fcrich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situated where the Rh\u00f4ne exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva.\nThe municipality (ville de Gen\u00e8ve) has a population (as of December 2018) of 201,818, and the canton (essentially the city and its inner-ring suburbs) has 499,480 residents. In 2014, the compact agglom\u00e9ration du Grand Gen\u00e8ve had 946,000 inhabitants in 212 communities in both Switzerland and France. Within Swiss territory, the commuter area named \"M\u00e9tropole l\u00e9manique\" contains a population of 1.26 million. This area is essentially spread east from Geneva towards the Riviera area (Vevey, Montreux) and north-east towards Yverdon-les-Bains, in the neighbouring canton of Vaud.\nGeneva is a global city, a financial centre, and a worldwide centre for diplomacy due to the presence of numerous international organizations, including the headquarters of many agencies of the United Nations and the Red Cross. Geneva hosts the highest number of international organizations in the world. It is also where the Geneva Conventions were signed, which chiefly concern the treatment of wartime non-combatants and prisoners of war.\nIn 2017, Geneva was ranked as the world's fifteenth most important financial centre for competitiveness by the Global Financial Centres Index, fifth in Europe behind London, Z\u00fcrich, Frankfurt and Luxembourg. In 2019 Geneva was ranked among the ten most liveable cities in the world by Mercer together with Z\u00fcrich and Basel.\nThe city has been referred to as the world's most compact metropolis and the \"Peace Capital\". In 2017, Geneva was ranked as the seventh most expensive city in the world. Geneva was ranked first by gross earnings, second expensive, third in earnings purchasing power gross hourly pay in a global cities ranking by UBS in 2018.", "Q228909": "Mary Jane Blige (; born January 11, 1971) is an American singer-songwriter, actress, and philanthropist. Her career began in 1991 when she signed to Uptown Records. Furthermore, she went on to release 13 studio albums, eight of which have achieved multi-platinum worldwide sales. Blige has won nine Grammy Awards, four American Music Awards, twelve Billboard Music Awards and has also received three Golden Globe Award nominations, including one for her supporting role in the film Mudbound (2017) and another for its second original song \"Mighty River\" for Mudbound; she also received a nomination for the Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actress and Best Original Song, becoming the first person nominated for acting and songwriting in the same year.\nIn 1992, Blige released her first album, What's the 411?. Her 1994 album My Life is among Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, and Time magazine's All-Time 100 Albums. She received a Legends Award at the World Music Awards in 2006, and the Voice of Music Award from ASCAP in 2007. Billboard ranked Blige as the most successful female R&B/Hip-Hop artist of the past 25 years. In 2017, Billboard magazine named her 2006 song \"Be Without You\" as the most successful R&B/Hip-Hop song of all time, as it spent an unparalleled 15 weeks atop the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and over 75 weeks on the chart. In 2011, VH1 ranked Blige as the 80th greatest artist of all time. ln 2012, VH1 ranked Blige at number 9 in \"The 100 Greatest Women in Music\" list.", "Q686965": "Anhalt-Bernburg was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and a duchy of the German Confederation ruled by the House of Ascania with its residence at Bernburg in present-day Saxony-Anhalt. It emerged as a subdivision from the Principality of Anhalt from 1252 until 1468, when it fell to the Ascanian principality of Anhalt-Dessau. Recreated in 1603, Anhalt-Bernburg finally merged into the re-unified Duchy of Anhalt upon the extinction of the line in 1863.", "Q113099": "Dagmar Berghoff (born 25 January 1943) is a German radio and television presenter. Originally an actress, she became known as a reader of the evening news for ARD.", "Q77283": "Friedrich Spee (also Friedrich Spee von Langenfeld; February 25, 1591 \u2013 August 7, 1635) was a German Jesuit priest, professor, and poet, most well-known as a forceful opponent of witch trials and one who was an insider writing from the epicenter of the European witch-phobia. Spee argued strongly against the use of torture, and as an eyewitness he gathered a book full of details regarding its cruelty and unreliability. He wrote, \"Torture has the power to create witches where none exist.\"", "Q1253172": "Southern hip hop, also known as Southern rap, South Coast hip hop, or dirty south, is a blanket term for a regional genre of American hip hop music that emerged in the Southern United States and the Southeastern United States, especially in Atlanta, New Orleans, Houston, Memphis, and Miami\u2014five cities which constitute the \"Southern Network\" in rap music.The music was a reaction to the 1980s flow of hip hop culture from New York City and the Los Angeles area and can be considered a third major American hip hop genre, after East Coast hip hop and West Coast hip hop. Many early Southern rap artists released their music independently or on mixtapes after encountering difficulty securing record-label contracts in the 1990s. By the early 2000s, many Southern artists had attained national success, and as the decade went on, both mainstream and underground varieties of Southern hip-hop became among the most popular and influential of the entire genre.", "Q516316": "The Young British Artists, or YBAs\u2014also referred to as Brit artists and Britart\u2014is the name given to a loose group of visual artists who first began to exhibit together in London, in 1988. Many of the first generation of YBA artists graduated from the BA Fine Art course at Goldsmiths, in the late 1980s, the second rather from the Royal College of Art.The scene began around a series of artist-led exhibitions held in warehouses and factories, beginning in 1988 with the Damien Hirst-led Freeze and, in 1990, East Country Yard Show and Modern Medicine. However, there was a less prominent predecessor organized by artist Angus Fairhurst, featuring himself, Damien Hirst, Abigail Lane, and Mat Collishaw in a little show called \"Progress by Degree\" at the Bloomsbury Gallery of the University of London (Institute of Education) shortly before Freeze. Their attitudes were very much influenced by the Art Group - The Grey Organisation - which had led the way in creating a desire for change in the British Art World during the mid 1980s.\nThey are noted for \"shock tactics\", use of throwaway materials, wild-living, and an attitude \"both oppositional and entrepreneurial\". They achieved considerable media coverage and dominated British art during the 1990s\u2014international survey shows in the mid-1990s included Brilliant! and Sensation.\nMany of the artists were initially supported and collected by Charles Saatchi, a notable exception is Angus Fairhurst. Leading artists of the group include Damien Hirst and Tracey Emin. Key works include Hirst's The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, a shark preserved in formaldehyde in a vitrine, and Emin's My Bed, a dishevelled double bed surrounded by detritus.The first use of the term \"young British artists\" was not by Michael Corris in a footnote in ArtForum, May 1992, as Saatchi entitled his exhibition as \"Young British Artists I\" already in March 1992. The acronym term \"YBA\" (or \"yBa\") was not coined until 1994. It has become a historic term, as most of the YBAs were born in the mid-1960s.", "Q10218": "Rahul Gandhi (pronunciation [\u02c8ra\u02d0\u0266\u028al \u02c8\u0261a\u02d0nd\u032a\u02b1i\u02d0]) (born 19 June 1970) is an Indian politician who was the President of the Indian National Congress from 16 December 2017 to 3 July 2019. He hails from a long line of politicians, known as the Nehru-Gandhi family, which has occupied a prominent place in the politics of India ever since the country gained independence in 1947. His great-grandfather Jawaharlal Nehru, was the first prime minister of India and also the longest-serving Prime Minister of India having served for a total of seventeen years. Gandhi's grandmother, Indira, was the first female Prime Minister of India and his father, Rajiv, was the youngest prime minister of India to be sworn in to office. The son of Sonia and Rajiv, he is the chairperson of the Indian Youth Congress and the National Students Union of India. A member of the Indian Parliament, Gandhi represents the constituency of Wayanad, Kerala in the 17th Lok Sabha.Rahul Gandhi stayed away from the public sphere for much of his childhood and early youth; he attained primary education in New Delhi and Dehradun but was later homeschooled because of security concerns. He later attended Rollins College under a pseudonym, his identity being known only to a select few individuals, which included certain university officials and security agencies. After obtaining degrees in International Relations and Development Studies at the universities of Rollins and Cambridge, Gandhi worked at the Monitor Group, a management consulting firm in London. He established the Mumbai-based technology outsourcing firm, Backops Services Private Ltd.\nRahul Gandhi entered politics in 2004 and successfully contested the general elections held that year from Amethi, a seat that was earlier held by his father; he won again from the constituency in 2009 and 2014. Amidst calls from Congress party veterans for his greater involvement in party politics and national government, Gandhi was elected Congress Vice-President in 2013, having served as the General Secretary previously. Rahul Gandhi led the INC's campaign in the 2014 Indian general elections; the party suffered its worst electoral result in its history, winning only 44 seats compared to 206 seats won previously in the 2009 general election.\nRahul Gandhi took over as the president of the Congress in December 2017. He is also a trustee of Rajiv Gandhi Foundation and Rajiv Gandhi Charitable Trust.", "Q285043": "Kimberly Kane (born August 28, 1983) was born in Tacoma, WA, and moved to Los Angeles, CA in 2004 to pursue a career in adult entertainment. She signed with Mark Spiegler of spieglergirls.com, known as the elite agency of the adult film industry. Kane quickly became a popular name in adult film for her genuine performances on camera. In 2006, at the age of 21, she directed her first movie for Pulse Pictures entitled Naked & Famous, which received a 5-star review from AVN Magazine, the highest rating they give. Shortly after, Vivid Entertainment approached Kane to direct for Vivid-Alt, a branch dedicated to providing artists a platform to create high-end adult content with an alternative look to standard pornography.", "Q174002": "Colombes (French pronunciation: \u200b[k\u0254.l\u0254\u0303b]) is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 10.6 km (6.6 mi) from the centre of Paris. In 2012, Colombes was the 53rd largest city in France.", "Q399318": "\u00c1ngel Agust\u00edn Mar\u00eda Carlos Fausto Mariano Alfonso del Sagrado Coraz\u00f3n de Jes\u00fas Lara y Aguirre del Pino (Spanish pronunciation: [a\u0263us\u02c8tin \u02c8la\u027ea]; October 30, 1897 \u2013 1970), known as Agust\u00edn Lara was a Mexican composer and interpreter of songs and boleros. He is recognized as one of the most popular songwriters of his era. His work was widely appreciated not only in Mexico but also in Central and South America, the Caribbean and Spain. After his death, he has also been recognized in the United States, Italy and Japan.\nNotable performers of his work include Pedro Vargas who was a friend, Juan Arvizu, Nestor Mesta Chayres, Pedro Infante, Javier Solis, Julio Iglesias, Manuel Mijares, Vicente Fernandez, Luis Miguel, Perez Prado, and Natalia Lafourcade among others.\nOutside the Spanish speaking world, his most famous songs are Granada, Solamente Una Vez (You Belong to My Heart) and Piensa en m\u00ed, which have both been recorded by numerous international singers, including Enrico Caruso, Mario Lanza and Jose Carreras.", "Q251574": "Ay Juancito is a 2004 Argentine biographical drama film directed by H\u00e9ctor Olivera. It was written by Olivera and Jos\u00e9 Pablo Feinmann, and stars Adri\u00e1n Navarro, In\u00e9s Est\u00e9vez, and Leticia Br\u00e9dice.\n\n", "Q28787": "Star Wars Rebels is an American 3D animated science fiction television series produced by Lucasfilm Animation and set in the Star Wars galaxy five years before A New Hope. It takes place during an era when the Galactic Empire is hunting down the last of the Jedi while a fledgling rebellion against the Empire is taking form. The visual style of the series is inspired by the original Star Wars trilogy concept art by Ralph McQuarrie. The series features new characters, along with some from the original trilogy and from the previous CGI series, The Clone Wars.\nThe series premiered as a one-hour television film, Spark of Rebellion, on October 3, 2014, on Disney Channel prior to the premiere of the series on October 13 on Disney XD. The second season premiered on June 20, 2015, with a one-hour television film, The Siege of Lothal. The third season premiered on September 24, 2016, with the television film, Steps Into Shadow. The fourth and last season premiered on October 16, 2017, with another one-hour television film, Heroes of Mandalore. Its final episode aired on March 5, 2018.Dave Filoni, Simon Kinberg and Greg Weisman served as executive producers of season one. Weisman left the show after season one. Filoni was also the supervising director for the first two seasons, a role he relinquished after accepting a promotion that expanded his creative role into overseeing all Lucasfilm Animation projects; he chose Justin Ridge to succeed him for season three.The series has been generally well received with several award wins and nominations. A number of tie-in media have been released to expand upon the series' lore such as the comic book series Kanan, the novel A New Dawn, and the novel series Thrawn.", "Q241767": "Plasencia (Spanish pronunciation: [pla\u02c8sen\u03b8ja]) is a walled market city in the province of C\u00e1ceres, Extremadura, Western Spain. As of 2013, it has a population of 41,047.\nSituated on the bank of the Jerte River, Plasencia has a historic quarter that is a consequence of the city's strategic location along the Silver Route, or Ruta de la Plata. Since the 15th century, the noblemen of the region began to move to Plasencia, defining its current appearance.", "Q60927": "Johann Nepomuk Maelzel (or M\u00e4lzel; August 15, 1772 \u2013 July 21, 1838) was a German inventor, engineer, and showman, best known for manufacturing a metronome and several music automatons, and displaying a fraudulent chess machine. He worked with Beethoven to compose a piece.", "Q51522": "Sydney Irwin Pollack (July 1, 1934 \u2013 May 26, 2008) was an American film director, producer and actor. Pollack directed more than 20 films and 10 television shows, acted in over 30 movies or shows and produced over 44 films. His 1985 film Out of Africa won him Academy Awards for directing and producing. He was also nominated for Best Director Oscars for They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969) and Tootsie (1982) in which he also appeared.\nSome of his other best known works include Jeremiah Johnson (1972), The Way We Were (1973), Three Days of the Condor (1975) and Absence of Malice (1981). His subsequent films included Havana (1990), The Firm (1993), The Interpreter (2005), and he produced and acted in Michael Clayton (2007). Pollack is probably best known to television viewers for his recurring role playing Will Truman's father on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace (2000\u20132006).", "Q17577": "Joseph Simon Gallieni (24 April 1849 \u2013 27 May 1916) was a French soldier, active for most of his career as a military commander and administrator in the French colonies. Gallieni is infamous in Madagascar as the French military leader who exiled Queen Ranavalona III and abolished the 350-year-old monarchy on the island.He was recalled from retirement at the outbreak of the First World War. As Military Governor of Paris he played an important role in the First Battle of the Marne, when Maunoury's Sixth Army, which was under his command, attacked the German west flank. A small portion of its strength was rushed to the front in commandeered Paris taxicabs.\nFrom October 1915 he served as Minister of War, resigning from that post in March 1916 after criticizing the performance of the French Commander-in-Chief, Joseph Joffre (formerly his subordinate, earlier in their careers), during the German attack on Verdun. He was made Marshal of France posthumously in 1921.", "Q213747": "Ewald Christian von Kleist (7 March 1715 \u2013 24 August 1759) was a German poet and cavalry officer. His vast family was well-established in Farther Pomerania; 58 male members of his family fought in Frederick the Great's army of the Seven Years' War. \nKleist was born at Zeblin, near K\u00f6slin (Koszalin) in Farther Pomerania, to the von Kleist family of cavalry leaders.", "Q65687": "San Vittore is a municipality in the Moesa Region in the Swiss canton of Grisons.", "Q170264": "Joanna of Austria (in Castilian, do\u00f1a Juana de Austria; in Portuguese, Dona Joana de \u00c1ustria, 24 June 1535 \u2013 7 September 1573) was a Princess of Portugal by marriage to John Manuel, Prince of Portugal. She served as regent of Spain to her brother Philip II of Spain during his trip to England to marry Mary I in 1554-1556, and from 1556 to 1559. She was the mother of King Sebastian of Portugal.", "Q1540": "Loyasse Cemetery (French: Cimeti\u00e8re de Loyasse) is a cemetery in the city of Lyon, France. The cemetery is located on the Fourvi\u00e8re hill in the western part of the city, not far away from the Metallic tower of Fourvi\u00e8re and Notre-Dame de Fourvi\u00e8re.\nIt is the 'richer' cemetery of Lyon, when compared with the Cimeti\u00e8re de La Guilloti\u00e8re, with elaborate graves in various architectural styles.", "Q167718": "Andrew William Burrows (born 30 June 1979) is an English songwriter and musician. He was the drummer in the band Razorlight from 2004 to 2009, as well as We are Scientists from 2009 to 2014.\nBurrows first solo album The Colour of My Dreams (2008) was released while he was still member of Razorlight. After he departed the band he released his first album with the solo project I Am Arrows, called Sun Comes Up Again in 2010. His third solo album Company was released 22 October 2012.\nHe has worked with Tom Smith from Editors under the moniker \"Smith & Burrows\". He also co-wrote the soundtrack to The Snowman and The Snowdog with Ilan Eshkeri, which was nominated for a BAFTA Craft Award in April 2013.\nAndy co-produced the soundtrack for the Ricky Gervais\u2019 film, David Brent: Life On The Road\u2019. Andy appears in the film as David Brent's drummer in the fictional band, Foregone Conclusion.Andy continued working with Columbia recording artist, Tom Odell, having co-written \u2018Sirens\u2019 from Tom\u2019s debut album, \u2018Constellations\u2019 & \u2018Here I Am\u2019 from the \u2018Wrong Crowd\u2019 LP, and \u2018Jubilee Road\u2019 from forthcoming album, \u2018Jubilee Road\u2019.\nAndy plays drums and sings backing vocals on both the \u2018Wrong Crowd\u2019 & \u2018Jubilee Road\u2019 albums.", "Q755297": "Athenaeus Mechanicus is the author of a book on siegecraft, On Machines (Ancient Greek: \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Per\u00ed mikhanim\u00e1ton). He is identified by modern scholars with Athenaeus of Seleucia, a member of the Peripatetic school active in the mid-to-late 1st century BC, at Rome and elsewhere.", "Q55744": "Vijay Dhondopant Tendulkar (6 January 1928 \u2013 19 May 2008) was a leading Indian playwright, movie and television writer, literary essayist, political journalist, and social commentator primarily in Mar\u0101thi. He is best known for his plays Shantata! Court Chalu Aahe (1967), Gh\u0101shir\u0101m Kotw\u0101l (1972), and Sakh\u0101r\u0101m Binder (1972). Many of Tendulkar's plays derived inspiration from real-life incidents or social upheavals, which provides clear light on harsh realities. He has provided guidance to students studying \"play writing\" in US universities. Tendulkar had been a highly influential dramatist and theatre personality in Mah\u0101r\u0101shtra for over five decades.\n\n", "Q232951": "Shelley Lee Long (born August 23, 1949) is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for her role as Diane Chambers on the hit sitcom Cheers, for which she received five Emmy nominations, winning in 1983 for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. She won two Golden Globe Awards for the role. Long reprised her role as Diane Chambers in four episodes of the spin-off Frasier, for which she received an additional guest star Emmy nomination. In 2009, she began playing a recurring role as DeDe Pritchett on the ABC comedy series Modern Family.\nLong has also starred in several films, notably Night Shift (1982), Irreconcilable Differences (1984), The Money Pit (1986), Outrageous Fortune (1987), Hello Again (1987), Troop Beverly Hills (1989), The Brady Bunch Movie (1995), A Very Brady Sequel (1996), and Dr. T & the Women (2000).", "Q185945": "Michalis Chrisochoidis (Greek: \u039c\u03b9\u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u0390\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2, born 31 October 1955 in Nisi, Imathia) is a Greek politician and former member of the Hellenic Parliament for the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK). He served as Minister for the Economy, Competitiveness and Shipping (2010), Minister for Regional Development and Competitiveness (2010\u20132011), Minister for Development, Competitiveness and Shipping (2011\u20132012) and Minister for Infrastructure, Transport and Networks (2013\u20132015). He is the incumbent Minister for Citizen Protection, having previously served in the role on three separate occasions (1999\u20132003, 2009\u20132010 and 2012).\n\n", "Q274904": "8 Million Ways to Die is a 1986 American neo-noir crime action thriller film directed by Hal Ashby and starring Jeff Bridges, Rosanna Arquette, and Andy Garcia. It was Ashby's final film, and the first attempt to adapt the Matthew Scudder detective stories of Lawrence Block for the screen. The screenplay was written by Oliver Stone, an uncredited Robert Towne and David Lee Henry (R. Lance Hill using a pseudonym).", "Q7131": "Nottwil is a municipality in the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q97411": "Henrik Galeen (7 January 1881 \u2013 30 July 1949) was an Austrian-born actor, screenwriter and film director considered an influential figure in the development of German Expressionist cinema during the silent era.", "Q98722": "Hans Eisenmann (April 15, 1923 - August 31, 1987) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nHe was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria in the 1950s. From 1969 until his death he was Bavarian State Minister for Agriculture and Forestry.", "Q121995": "Guido Calabresi (born October 18, 1932) is an American legal scholar and Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. He is a former Dean of Yale Law School, where he has been a professor since 1959. Calabresi is considered, along with Ronald Coase and Richard Posner, a founder of the field of law and economics.", "Q470939": "Mart Siimann (born 21 September 1946) was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1997 to 1999, representing the liberal/centrist Estonian Coalition Party. He was the president of the Estonian Olympic Committee from 2001 to 2012.Born at Kilingi-N\u00f5mme, Siimann studied at the University of Tartu from 1965 to 1971. In 1971, he graduated as a philologist-psychologist. From 1989 to 1992, he was the director of the Estonian Television and from 1992 to 1995, Managing Director of Advertising Television Co. He was a member of the Estonian Parliament from 1995 to 1997 and from 1999 to 2003, elected as a Coalition Party member (but since 2001 served as the chairman of the centre-left/social democratic association \"M\u00f5istuse ja S\u00fcdamega\" (\"With Reason and Heart\")).", "Q735563": "Kaarina (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u0251\u02d0rin\u0251]; Swedish: S:t Karins, i.e. Saint Catherine's) is a small town and municipality of Finland.\nIt is located in the Southwest Finland region and is a neighbouring town of Turku, which is the capital of Southwest Finland, therefore Kaarina is a part of the Greater Turku region. The municipality has a population of 33,449 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 179.58 square kilometres (69.34 sq mi) of which 29.15 km2 (11.25 sq mi) is water. The population density is 222.49 inhabitants per square kilometre (576.2/sq mi).\nThe municipality is unilingually Finnish, with a Swedish minority and e.g. a Swedish comprehensive school. Bilinguality was proposed but rejected in 2015.\nThe famous fetish artist Tom of Finland was born in Kaarina.\nKaarina has a well known football team Kaarinan Pojat.\nThe municipality of Kuusisto was consolidated with Kaarina in 1946. The municipality of Piikki\u00f6 was consolidated with Kaarina on January 1, 2009. At the same time, Kaarina adopted the coat of arms of Piikki\u00f6.", "Q438799": "Kristina Igorevna Asmus (Russian: \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0301\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0301\u0441\u043c\u0443\u0441; born 14 April 1988) is a Russian theater and film actress. She is known for her television role in the medical sitcom Interns. She was named the sexiest Russian woman of 2010 by Maxim magazine.", "Q64599": "Ennetmoos is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland.", "Q194848": "Margareta Pogonat (full last name Pogonat-Caliopi; March 6, 1933 \u2013 May 11, 2014) was a Romanian actress, participating in theatre and film.Pogonat studied at the Institute of Theatre and Cinematographic Art in Bucharest, graduating in 1959. She made her debut as a student in 1957, and then acted in theaters in Boto\u015fani, Ia\u015fi and Ploie\u015fti. In 2009 she received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Romanian Association of Theatre Artists.", "Q209737": "Arabian Nights is a 1974 Italian film directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini. Its original Italian title is Il fiore delle mille e una notte, which means The Flower of the One Thousand and One Nights.\nThe film is an adaptation of the ancient Arabic anthology The Book of One Thousand and One Nights, better known as The Arabian Nights. It is the last of Pasolini's \"Trilogy of Life\", which began with The Decameron and continued with The Canterbury Tales. The lead was played by young Franco Merli who was discovered for this film by Pasolini.\nThe film contains abundant nudity, sex and slapstick humor. It preserves the eroticism and the story within a story structure of Arabian Nights and has been called \"perhaps the best and certainly the most intelligent\" of Arabian Nights film adaptations.", "Q16641": "American Samoa ( (listen); locally ; Samoan: Amerika S\u0101moa, [a\u02c8m\u025b\u027eika \u02c8sa\u02d0m\u028aa]; also Amelika S\u0101moa or S\u0101moa Amelika) is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of (the independent nation of) Samoa. Its location is centered on 14.2710\u00b0 S, 170.1322\u00b0 W. It is east of the International Date Line, while Samoa is west of the Line.\nAmerican Samoa consists of five main islands and two coral atolls. The largest and most populous island is Tutuila, with the Manu\u02bba Islands, Rose Atoll, and Swains Island also included in the territory. All islands except for Swains Island are part of the Samoan Islands, located west of the Cook Islands, north of Tonga, and some 300 miles (500 km) south of Tokelau. To the west are the islands of the Wallis and Futuna group.\nAs of April 2019 the population of American Samoa is approximately 55,689 people.Most American Samoans are bilingual and can speak English and Samoan fluently.The total land area is 199 square kilometers (76.8 sq mi), slightly more than Washington, D.C. American Samoa is the southernmost territory of the United States and one of two U.S. territories south of the Equator, along with the uninhabited Jarvis Island. Tuna products are the main exports, and the main trading partner is the United States.\nAmerican Samoa has been a member of the Pacific Community since 1983.\nAmerican Samoa is noted for having the highest rate of military enlistment of any U.S. state or territory. As of September 9, 2014, the local U.S. Army recruiting station in Pago Pago was ranked first in production out of the 885 Army recruiting stations and centers under the United States Army Recruiting Command.", "Q36591": "Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 [vl\u0250\u02c8d\u02b2im\u02b2\u026ar vl\u0250\u02c8d\u02b2im\u02b2\u026ar\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 n\u0250\u02c8bok\u0259f] (listen); 22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1899 \u2013 2 July 1977), also known by the pen name Vladimir Sirin (\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0421\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d), was a Russian and American novelist, poet, translator and entomologist. His first nine novels were written in Russian (1926\u201338), but he achieved international prominence after he began writing English prose. Nabokov became an American citizen in 1945.\nNabokov's Lolita (1955) was ranked fourth in the list of the Modern Library 100 Best Novels in 2007; Pale Fire (1962) was ranked 53rd on the same list; and his memoir, Speak, Memory (1951), was listed eighth on publisher Random House's list of the 20th century's greatest nonfiction. He was a finalist for the National Book Award for Fiction seven times.\nNabokov was also an expert lepidopterist and composer of chess problems.", "Q726251": "Elektra Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, founded in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt. It played an important role in the development of contemporary folk music and rock music between the 1950s and 1970s. In 2004, it was consolidated into WMG's Atlantic Records Group. After five years of dormancy, the label was revived as an imprint of Atlantic in 2009. As of October 2018, Elektra was detached from the Atlantic Records umbrella and reorganized into Elektra Music Group, once again operating as an independently managed frontline label of Warner Music.", "Q133361": "Tanja Tellervo Karpela (n\u00e9e Vienonen; previously Karpela and Saarela; born 22 August 1970) is a Finnish former politician. As a beauty queen, she was Miss Finland in 1991. She was a Member of Parliament from 1999 to 2011 and served in the government of Finland as Minister of Culture from 2003 to 2007.", "Q71802": "Julian Scherner (September 23, 1895 \u2013 April 28, 1945) was a Nazi Party official and a high-ranking member in the SS of Nazi Germany. During World War II, he served as the SS and Police Leader of Krak\u00f3w, Germany-occupied Poland.", "Q768658": "Telefon Tel Aviv is a New Orleans\u2013derived, Chicago-based American electronic music act, formerly comprising Charles Cooper and Joshua Eustis. Since Cooper's accidental death in 2009, Telefon Tel Aviv has continued with Eustis as the sole official member. Eustis is also known for being a member of the most recent lineup of Puscifer and Nine Inch Nails' live performances.", "Q78198": "Alexander Gamal Radwan (born 30 August 1964 in M\u00fcnchen) is a German politician.", "Q551075": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Weil (IPA: [j\u026ar\u031di\u02d0 va\u026al] ; 6 August 1900, Praskolesy \u2013 13 December 1959, Prague) was a Czech-Jewish writer and Holocaust survivor. His noted works include the two novels Life with a Star (\u017divot s hv\u011bzdou), and Mendelssohn Is on the Roof (Na st\u0159e\u0161e je Mendelssohn), as well as many short stories, and other novels.", "Q1065444": "Kaiju (\u602a\u7363, kaij\u016b, from Japanese \"strange beast\") is a Japanese genre of films featuring giant monsters. The term kaiju (which comes from the Chinese text Classic of Mountains and Seas) can refer to the giant monsters themselves, which are usually depicted attacking major cities and engaging the military, or other kaiju, in battle. The kaiju genre is a subgenre of tokusatsu (\u7279\u64ae, \"special filming\") entertainment. \nThe 1954 film Godzilla is commonly regarded as the first kaiju film. Kaiju characters are often somewhat metaphorical in nature; Godzilla, for example, serves as a metaphor for nuclear weapons, reflecting the fears of post-war Japan following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Lucky Dragon 5 incident. Other notable examples of kaiju characters include Rodan, Mothra, King Ghidorah, and Gamera.\n\n", "Q1141280": "Pete Shelley (born Peter Campbell McNeish; 17 April 1955 \u2013 6 December 2018) was an English singer, songwriter and guitarist. He formed early punk band Buzzcocks with Howard Devoto in 1976, and became the lead singer and guitarist in 1977 when Devoto left. The group released their biggest hit \"Ever Fallen in Love (With Someone You Shouldn't've)\" in 1978. The band broke up in 1981 and reformed at the end of the decade. Shelley also had a solo career; his song \"Homosapien\" charted in the US in 1981.", "Q10230": "The Bharatiya Janata Party (pronounced [b\u02b1a\u02d0r\u0259ti\u02d0j\u0259 d\u0292\u0259n\u0259ta\u02d0 pa\u02d0r\u0288i\u02d0] (listen); translation: Indian People's Party; abbr. BJP) is the current ruling political party of the Republic of India. It is one of the two major political parties in India, along with the Indian National Congress. As of 2019, it is the country's largest political party in terms of representation in the national parliament and state assemblies and is the world's largest party in terms of primary membership. BJP is a right-wing party, and its policy has historically reflected Hindu nationalist positions. It has close ideological and organisational links to the much older Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).The BJP's origin lies in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mukherjee. After the State of Emergency in 1977, the Jana Sangh merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party; it defeated the incumbent Congress party in the 1977 general election. After three years in power, the Janata party dissolved in 1980 with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the BJP. Although initially unsuccessful, winning only two seats in the 1984 general election, it grew in strength on the back of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement. Following victories in several state elections and better performances in national elections, the BJP became the largest party in the parliament in 1996; however, it lacked a majority in the lower house of Parliament, and its government lasted only 13 days. \nAfter the 1998 general election, the BJP-led coalition known as the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee formed a government that lasted for a year. Following fresh elections, the NDA government, again headed by Vajpayee, lasted for a full term in office; this was the first non-Congress government to do so. In the 2004 general election, the NDA suffered an unexpected defeat, and for the next ten years the BJP was the principal opposition party. Long time Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi led it to a landslide victory in the 2014 general election. Since that election, Modi has led the NDA government as Prime Minister and as of February 2019, the alliance governs 18 states.\nThe official ideology of the BJP is integral humanism, first formulated by Deendayal Upadhyaya in 1965. The party expresses a commitment to Hindutva, and its policy has historically reflected Hindu nationalist positions. The BJP advocates social conservatism and a foreign policy centred on nationalist principles. Its key issues have included the abrogation of the special status to Jammu and Kashmir, the building of a Ram Temple in Ayodhya and the implementation of a uniform civil code. However, the 1998\u20132004 NDA government did not pursue any of these controversial issues. It instead focused on a largely liberal economic policy prioritising globalisation and economic growth over social welfare.", "Q249313": "Lucie-Simplice-Camille-Beno\u00eet Desmoulins (French: [kamij demul\u025b\u0303]; 2 March 1760 \u2013 5 April 1794) was a journalist and politician who played an important role in the French Revolution. Desmoulins was tried and executed alongside Danton when the Committee of Public Safety reacted against Dantonist opposition. He was a schoolmate of Maximilien Robespierre and a close friend and political ally of Georges Danton, who were influential figures in the French Revolution.", "Q1055587": "Mario Mantovani (born 28 July 1950, in Arconate) is an Italian politician, Member of the European Parliament 1999\u20132009 for North-West with the Forza Italia, part of the European People's Party, Italian Senator and Vice-minister of Infrastructures and Transports since 2008. Since 2001, he is also mayor of the municipality of Arconate. On 13 October 2015, he was arrested in Milan, accused of corruption, bid-rigging, and misdirection of public funds for school construction and patients needing dialysis transport, between 2012 and 2014, while Vice President of Lombardy.", "Q69095": "Untervaz is a municipality in the Landquart Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q296771": "Saad El-Din Rafik Al-Hariri (Arabic: \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u200e; born 18 April 1970) is a Lebanese politician who was the Prime Minister of Lebanon from 18 December 2016 to 21 January 2020. He was also the Prime Minister from 9 November 2009 to 13 June 2011. He is the second son of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri, who was assassinated in 2005. Hariri has also been the leader of the Future Movement party since 2005. He is seen as \"the strongest figurehead\" of the March 14 Alliance. After three years living overseas, he returned to Lebanon on 8 August 2014 and was designated Prime Minister on 3 November 2016. Hariri's surprise announcement of an intent to resign, broadcast on 4 November 2017 on Saudi state TV, has widely been seen as part of the Iran\u2013Saudi Arabia proxy conflict in Lebanon, and triggered a dispute between Lebanon and Saudi Arabia. The resignation was later suspended, following President Michel Aoun's request to \"put it on hold ahead of further consultations\". On October 29, 2019, amid the 2019\u201320 Lebanese protests, Hariri announced his resignation, and that of his cabinet.", "Q121765": "Astoria is a middle-class, commercial neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. Astoria is bounded by the East River and is adjacent to three other Queens neighborhoods: Long Island City, Sunnyside (bordering at Northern Boulevard), and Woodside (bordering at 50th Street). As of 2019, Astoria has an estimated population of 95,446.Astoria is located in Queens Community District 1 and its ZIP Codes are 11101, 11102, 11103, 11105, and 11106. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 114th Precinct. Politically, Astoria is represented by the New York City Council's 22nd and 26th Districts.", "Q1568": "Hindi (Devanagari: \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940, IAST/ISO 15919: Hind\u012b) or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940, IAST/ISO 15919: M\u0101nak Hind\u012b), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in India. Modern Hindi is the standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language, which itself is based primarily on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and neighbouring areas of Northern India. Hindi, written in the Devanagari script, is one of the two official languages of the Government of India, along with the English language. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of the Republic of India.Hindi is the lingua franca of the Hindi belt and to a lesser extent other parts of India (usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar Hindustani or Haflong Hindi). Outside India, several other languages are recognised officially as \"Hindi\" but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other dialects, such as Awadhi and Bhojpuri. Such languages include Fiji Hindi, which is official in Fiji, and Caribbean Hindustani, which is spoken in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, and Suriname. Apart from the script and formal vocabulary, spoken Hindi is mutually intelligible with standard Urdu, another recognised register of Hindustani as both share a common colloquial base.As a linguistic variety, Hindi is the fourth most-spoken first language in the world, after Mandarin, Spanish and English. Hindi alongside Urdu as Hindustani is the third most-spoken language in the world, after Mandarin and English.", "Q1869372": "Alfred Mosselman or Alfred Mosselmann (1810-1867) was a Belgian aristocrat and industrialist who made a fortune in canal- and road-building. He was also a patron of the arts, particularly of his long-time lover Apollonie Sabatier.", "Q86534": "L\u0151wy Hevesi Lajos, or Ludwig Hevesi (December 20, 1843, Heves, Hungary \u2013 February 17, 1910, Vienna) was a Hungarian journalist and author.\nHe studied medicine and classical philology in Budapest and Vienna, but soon turned to writing, and as of 1865 he was an active journalist and author. In 1866 he became engaged as a contributor to the \"Pester Lloyd\", and later to the \"Breslauer Zeitung\", for which publications he wrote humorous feuilletons. In 1875 Hevesi settled in Vienna and became the associate editor for the art department of the Wiener \"Fremden-Blatt\". He also wrote dramatic criticisms on the performances in the Hofburgtheater. During 1871-74 he edited \"Kleine Leute\", a journal for the young. The first 7 volumes of the journal originated exclusively from his pen. In conjunction with a few friends he founded the Hungarian humor publication \"Borsszem Jank\u00f3\", which soon became a popular journal.", "Q349461": "Steven Randall Jackson (born October 29, 1961) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and dancer. Randy is best known as a former member of his family band, the Jacksons. Randy is the youngest Jackson brother, and the second-youngest Jackson sibling after his sister Janet Jackson. He is the ninth child in the Jackson family.", "Q1499408": "Shane Alan McEntee (19 December 1956 \u2013 21 December 2012) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Minister of State for Food, Horticulture and Food Safety from 2011 to 2012. He served as a Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) from 2005 to 2012.\n\n", "Q553662": "Albert Hoyt Taylor (January 1, 1879 in Chicago, IL \u2013 December 11, 1961 in Los Angeles, CA) was an American electrical engineer who made important early contributions to the development of radar.", "Q889929": "Bodo Hugo Hauser (February 23, 1946 \u2013 July 22, 2004) was a German journalist and writer.\n\n", "Q617926": "Sundaram Balachander (18 January 1927 \u2013 13 April 1990) was an Indian veena player and filmmaker. He directed, produced, and also composed music for a few of his films.", "Q128027": "Giorgio Vasari (, also US: , Italian: [\u02c8d\u0292ord\u0292o va\u02c8za\u02d0ri]; 30 July 1511 \u2013 27 June 1574) was an Italian painter, architect, writer, and historian, best known for his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, considered the ideological foundation of art-historical writing. He was also the first to use the term \"Renaissance\" in print.", "Q18352611": "Dreamville Records is an American record label founded by American hip hop artist J. Cole and his Sudanese-American manager Ibrahim Hamad. The label is currently distributed through Interscope Records, a unit of Universal Music Group. The label has signed Ari Lennox, Bas, Cozz, Omen, Lute, JID, EarthGang, and Cole himself. Dreamville also houses producers Elite, Ron Gilmore, and Cedric Brown.", "Q202662": "Jessica Lynn Sutta (born May 15, 1982), also known as J Sutta, is an American singer, dancer, songwriter and actress. She is known as a member of the American pop girl group and dance ensemble, the Pussycat Dolls. She left the group in January 2010 to embark on her solo career. Sutta's debut single, \"Show Me\", reached number one on the Billboard Dance Club Songs Chart in the United States. Her official debut solo album I Say Yes, was released on March 3, 2017.In November 2019, it was announced Sutta had rejoined The Pussycat Dolls and would join them on their 2020 reunion tour. They released their comeback single React on February 7th 2020.", "Q65877": "Embrach is a municipality in the district of B\u00fclach in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q3257545": "Lloyd Carlton Stearman (October 26, 1898 \u2013 April 3, 1975) was an American aviator, aircraft designer, and early aviation entrepreneur.", "Q90356": "Ruth von Mayenburg (July 1, 1907 \u2013 June 26, 1993) was an Austrian journalist, writer and translator. In her earlier years, she was politically active in the Communist Party of Austria (Kommunistische Partei \u00d6sterreichs, or KP\u00d6). Fleeing the Nazis, she lived in exile in the Soviet Union at Moscow's Hotel Lux, afterwards writing several books about her experiences there.\n\n", "Q705488": "Henry Kloss (February 21, 1929\u2014January 31, 2002) was a prominent American audio engineer and entrepreneur who helped advance high fidelity loudspeaker and radio receiver technology beginning in the 1950s. Kloss (pronounced with a long o, like \"close\") was an undergraduate student in physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (class of 1953), but never received a degree. He was responsible for a number of innovations, including, in part, the acoustic suspension loudspeaker and the high fidelity cassette deck. In 2000, Kloss was one of the first inductees into the Consumer Electronics Association's Hall of Fame. He earned an Emmy Award for his development of a projection television system, the Advent VideoBeam 1000.", "Q44107": "Peter Handke (German pronunciation: [\u02c8hantk\u0259]; born 6 December 1942) is an Austrian Nobel laureate novelist, playwright, translator, poet, film director and screenwriter. In 2019, Handke was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature \"for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience.\"In the late 1960s, he was recognized for the play Publikumsbeschimpfung (Offending the Audience) and the novel Die Angst des Tormanns beim Elfmeter (The Goalie's Anxiety at the Penalty Kick). Prompted by his mother's suicide in 1971, he reflected her life in the novel Wunschloses Ungl\u00fcck (A Sorrow Beyond Dreams). Handke was a member of the Grazer Gruppe (an association of authors) and the Grazer Autorenversammlung, and co-founded the Verlag der Autoren publishing house in Frankfurt. He collaborated with director Wim Wenders, leading to screenplays such as Der Himmel \u00fcber Berlin (Wings of Desire).\nHandke has received other awards, including the 1973 Georg B\u00fcchner Prize, the 1987 Vilenica International Literary Prize, and the 2018 Austrian Nestroy Theatre Prize for Lifetime Achievement.", "Q90430": "Alf Brustellin (27 July 1940 \u2013 11 November 1981) was an Austrian film director and screenwriter. He directed six films between 1972 and 1979. He co-directed the 1978 film Germany in Autumn, which won the Special Recognition Award at the 28th Berlin International Film Festival. Alf Brustellin worked together with Bernhard Sinkel as a director and screenwriter team.\nBrustellin was in a relationship with Hannelore Elsner from 1973 until his death. He died in a car accident.", "Q118682": "Ursina Lardi (born 19 December 1970, in Samedan) is a Swiss actress, best known for playing the baroness, Marie-Louise in The White Ribbon.\nLardi studied acting at the Academy of Performing Arts Ernst Busch in Berlin and played at various theatres in Germany, and movies, among them Akte Gr\u00fcninger and Marmorera.", "Q328935": "Simon Alan Reeve (born 21 July 1972) is a British author and television presenter, currently based in London. He makes travel documentaries and has written books on international terrorism, modern history and his adventures. He has presented the BBC television series Tropic of Cancer, Equator and Tropic of Capricorn.\nReeve is the New York Times' best-selling author of The New Jackals (1998), One Day in September (2000) and Tropic of Capricorn (2007). He has received a One World Broadcasting Trust Award and the 2012 Ness Award from the Royal Geographical Society.", "Q54314": "Christopher Hemsworth (born 11 August 1983) is an Australian actor. He rose to prominence playing Kim Hyde in the Australian TV series Home and Away (2004\u201307) before beginning a film career in Hollywood by taking on parts in the science fiction film Star Trek (2009) and the thriller A Perfect Getaway (2009).\nHemsworth went on to star in the fantasy film Snow White and the Huntsman (2012), the war film Red Dawn (2012), the action thriller Blackhat (2015), the biographical thriller In the Heart of the Sea (2015), the comedy Ghostbusters (2016), and the Men in Black film series spin-off Men in Black: International (2019). His most critically acclaimed roles include the comedy horror The Cabin in the Woods (2012) and the biographical sports film Rush (2013), in which he portrayed James Hunt.\nHemsworth's greatest commercial successes have been with the Marvel Cinematic Universe, playing Thor, beginning in Thor (2011) and most recently with Avengers: Endgame (2019), which established him as one of the leading and highest-paid actors in the world.", "Q2903389": "George William Foster (born October 7, 1955) is an American businessman, physicist, and U.S. Representative for Illinois's 11th congressional district, winning the seat in 2012. He was previously the U.S. Representative for Illinois's 14th congressional district from 2008 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party.\n\n", "Q12341": "Roberto Noble (September 9, 1902 \u2013 January 12, 1969) was an Argentine politician, journalist and publisher, perhaps best known for having founded Clar\u00edn, long Argentina's leading newsdaily and the most or second-most circulated in the Spanish-speaking world.\n\n", "Q215478": "Terrence Frederick Malick (born November 30, 1943) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer.\nMalick began his career as part of the New Hollywood film-making wave with the films Badlands (1973), about a murderous couple on the run in 1950s American Midwest, and Days of Heaven (1978), which detailed the love-triangle between two labourers and a wealthy farmer in the First World War, before a lengthy hiatus. He returned to directing with The Thin Red Line (1998), The New World (2005), and The Tree of Life (2011), being awarded the Golden Bear at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival and the Palme d'Or at the 64th Cannes Film Festival, respectively.\nMalick's films have explored themes such as transcendence, nature, and conflicts between reason and instinct. They are typically marked by broad philosophical and spiritual overtones, as well as the use of meditative voice-overs from individual characters. The stylistic elements of the director's work have inspired divided opinions among film scholars and audiences; some praised his films for their cinematography and aesthetics, while others found them lacking in plot and character development. His first five films have nonetheless ranked highly in retrospective decade-end and all-time polls.", "Q43668": "Louisville (US: (listen) LOO-\u0259-v\u0259l, (listen) LOO-ee-vil, (listen) LUUV-\u0259l, UK: ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 29th most-populous city in the United States. It is one of two cities in Kentucky designated as first-class, the other being Lexington, the state's second-largest city. Louisville is the historical seat and, since 2003, the nominal seat of Jefferson County, on the Indiana border.\nNamed after King Louis XVI of France, Louisville was founded in 1778 by George Rogers Clark, making it one of the oldest cities west of the Appalachians. With nearby Falls of the Ohio as the only major obstruction to river traffic between the upper Ohio River and the Gulf of Mexico, the settlement first grew as a portage site. It was the founding city of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, which grew into a 6,000-mile (9,700 km) system across 13 states.\nToday, the city is known as the home of legendary boxer Muhammad Ali, the Kentucky Derby, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), the University of Louisville and its Cardinals, Louisville Slugger baseball bats, and three of Kentucky's six Fortune 500 companies: Humana, Kindred Healthcare, and Yum! Brands. Muhammad Ali International Airport, Louisville's main commercial airport, hosts UPS's worldwide hub.\nSince 2003, Louisville's borders have been the same as those of Jefferson County, after a city-county merger. The official name of this consolidated city-county government is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government, abbreviated to Louisville Metro. Despite the merger and renaming, the term \"Jefferson County\" continues to be used in some contexts in reference to Louisville Metro, particularly including the incorporated cities outside the \"balance\" which make up Louisville proper. The city's total consolidated population as of the 2018 census estimate was 770,557. However, the balance total of 620,118 excludes other incorporated places and semiautonomous towns within the county and is the population listed in most sources and national rankings.\nThe Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) includes Louisville-Jefferson County and 12 surrounding counties, seven in Kentucky and five in Southern Indiana. As of 2018, the MSA had a population of 1,297,310, ranking 45th nationally.", "Q441272": "Romain Duris (French pronunciation: [\u0281\u0254m\u025b\u0303 dy\u0281is] (listen); born 28 May 1974) is a French actor, best known for his role in C\u00e9dric Klapisch's Spanish Apartment trilogy, which consists of L'Auberge Espagnole (2002), Russian Dolls (2005) and Chinese Puzzle (2013). He also appeared in the 2017 film All the Money in the World.", "Q127472": "Slot (Russian: \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0442) is a Russian metal band. The members of the group: Daria \"Nookie\" Stavrovich, Igor \"Cache\" Lobanov, Sergey \"ID\" Bogolyubsky, Nikita Muravyov, Vasiliy \u00abGhost\u00bb Gorshkov.\nSince its inception, the group has released 8 studio albums, 2 remix albums, 2 mini-albums, 2 live DVDs, recorded 20 singles and several soundtracks. The slot is known for its long tours of Russia and neighboring countries, which sometimes last more than a year.", "Q73973": "Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf (6 May 1893 \u2013 21 December 1961) was a German politician (SPD). He joined the SPD in 1919. He served as Prime Minister of the short-lived State of Hanover in 1946 and then as Minister President of Lower Saxony from 1946 to 1955 and from 1959 to 1961. He served as the third President of the Bundesrat from 7 September 1951 to 6 September 1952.\nKopf was born in Neuenkirchen, Hanover, and died in G\u00f6ttingen.", "Q157195": "Waiting staff (British English), waitstaff (North American English), waiters/waitresses , or servers (gender-neutral North American English) are those who work at a restaurant or a bar, and sometimes in private homes, attending to customers by supplying them with food and drink as requested. Waiting staff follow rules and guidelines determined by the manager. Waiting staff carry out many different tasks, such as taking orders, food-running, polishing dishes and silverware, helping bus tables, and restocking working stations with needed supplies.\nWaiting on tables is part of the service sector and among the most common occupations in the United States. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that, as of May 2008, there were over 2.2 million people employed as servers in the U.S.Many restaurants choose a specific uniform for their waiting staff to wear. Waiting staff may receive tips as a minor or major part of their earnings, with customs varying widely from country to country.", "Q339838": "Emeril John Lagass\u00e9 III ( EM-\u0259-r\u0259l l\u0259-GAH-see; born October 15, 1959) is an American celebrity chef, restaurateur, television personality, cookbook author, and National Best Recipe award winner for his \u2018Turkey and Hot Sausage Chili\u2019 recipe in 2003. He is a regional James Beard Award winner, known for his mastery of Creole and Cajun cuisine and his self-developed \"New New Orleans\" style. \nHe has appeared on a wide variety of cooking TV shows, including the long-running Food Network shows Emeril Live and Essence of Emeril. On those shows he pioneered several catchphrases he is associated with, including \"Kick it up a notch!\" and \"Bam!\" Lagasse's portfolio of media, products, and restaurants generates an estimated US$150 million annually in revenue.", "Q167056": "Jens \"Jeb\" Peder Bergensten (born 18 May 1979) is a Swedish video game designer. Since December 2010, he has worked for the video game developer Mojang as a programmer and game designer, becoming the lead designer of the sandbox game Minecraft in 2011, which has since become the bestselling video game of all time. In 2013, he was named as one of Time's 100 most influential people in the world.", "Q128999": "Jos\u00e9 Luis Bustamante y Rivero (January 15, 1894 \u2013 January 11, 1989) was a lawyer, writer, politician, and diplomat who served as the 33rd President of Peru from 1945 to 1948 and President of the International Court of Justice in The Hague from 1967 to 1970.", "Q299324": "Brandon James Routh (born October 9, 1979) is an American actor, appearing on multiple television series throughout the early 2000s. \nIn 2006, he played the titular superhero of the film Superman Returns, reprising the role in the Arrowverse crossover event \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\" in 2019. In 2011, he played the titular character of the film Dylan Dog: Dead of Night. He also had a recurring role in the NBC series Chuck, as Daniel Shaw. Following this, he had supporting roles in the films Zack and Miri Make a Porno and Scott Pilgrim vs. the World. In 2014, he began a recurring role as Ray Palmer / The Atom on Arrow, which spun-off into a guest role on The Flash and followed by a starring role on Legends of Tomorrow.", "Q182964": "Niels Ryberg Finsen (15 December 1860 \u2013 24 September 1904) was a Faroese physician and scientist, the first and currently only Nobel laureate from the country. \nIn 1903, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology \"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science.\" \nAs a result of this, the Faroe Islands technically have the most Nobel laureates per capita.", "Q1451270": "Fran\u00e7ois d'Agincourt (also d'Agincour, Dagincourt, Dagincour) (1684 \u2013 30 April 1758) was a French harpsichordist, organist, and composer. He spent most of his life in Rouen, his native city, where he worked as organist of the Rouen Cathedral and of three smaller churches. Highly regarded during his lifetime, d'Agincourt was one of the organists of the royal chapel. The single surviving book of harpsichord music by him contains masterful pieces inspired by Fran\u00e7ois Couperin; also extant are some 40 organ works that survive in manuscript copies.", "Q95548": "Adam Elias von Siebold (5 March 1775, W\u00fcrzburg \u2013 12 June 1828, Berlin) was a German Gynecologist.", "Q59630": "Roderick George \"Roddy\" Toombs, better known by his ring name \"Rowdy\" Roddy Piper, (April 17, 1954 - July 31, 2015) was a Canadian professional wrestler and actor.\nIn professional wrestling, Piper was best known to international audiences for his work with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW) between 1984 and 2000. Although he was Canadian, because of his Scottish heritage he was falsely billed as coming from Glasgow and was known for his signature kilt and bagpipe entrance music. Piper earned the nicknames \"Rowdy\" and \"Hot Rod\" by displaying his trademark \"Scottish\" rage, spontaneity, and quick wit. According to The Daily Telegraph, he is \"considered by many to be the greatest 'heel' (or villain) wrestler ever\".One of wrestling's most recognizable stars, Piper headlined numerous PPV events, including the WWF and WCW's respective premier annual events, WrestleMania and Starrcade. He accumulated 34 championships and hosted the popular WWF/E interview segment \"Piper's Pit\", which facilitated numerous feuds. In 2005, Piper was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Ric Flair, who dubbed him \"the most gifted entertainer in the history of professional wrestling\".Outside of wrestling, Piper acted in dozens of films and TV shows, most notably taking the lead role of John Nada in the 1988 cult classic They Live and a recurring role as a deranged professional wrestler called Da' Maniac on the FX comedy series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia. He is also widely known for his role in Hell Comes to Frogtown as the character Sam Hell.\n\n", "Q200713": "Aurangabad (pronunciation ) is a city in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the administrative headquarters of Aurangabad district and is the largest city in the Marathwada region. Located on a hilly upland terrain in the Deccan Traps, Aurangabad is the fourth-most populous urban area in Maharashtra with a population of 1,175,116. The city is known as a major production center of cotton textile and artistic silk fabrics. Several prominent educational institutions, including Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, are located in the city. The city is also a popular tourism hub, with tourist destinations like the Ajanta and Ellora caves lying on its outskirts, both of which have been designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1983. Another tourist destination is the Bibi Ka Maqbara (\"Tomb of the Lady\"), also known as Dakkhan\u012b T\u0101j or the \"Taj Mahal of the Deccan\", which was commissioned in 1660 by the Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb (reigned from 1658 to 1707), to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Dilras Banu Begum. Other tourist attractions include Aurangabad Caves, Daulatabad Fort, Grishneshwar Temple, Jama Mosque, Himayat Bagh, Panchakki and Salim Ali Lake. Historically, there were 52 Gates in Aurangabad, some of them extant, because of which Aurangabad is nicknamed as the \"City of Gates\". In 2019, the Aurangabad Industrial City (AURIC) became the first greenfield industrial smart city of India under the country's flagship Smart Cities Mission.Paithan, the imperial capital of the Satavahana dynasty (1st century BCE\u20132nd century CE), as well as Daulatabad or D\u0113vagir\u012b, the capital of the Yadava dynasty (9th century CE\u201314th century CE), are located within the limits of modern Aurangabad. In 1308, the region was annexed by the Delhi Sultanate during the rule of Sultan Alauddin Khalji. In 1327, the capital of the Delhi Sultanate was shifted from Delhi to Daulatabad (in present-day Aurangabad) during the rule of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, who ordered a mass migration of Delhi's population to Daulatabad. However, Muhammad bin Tughluq reversed his decision in 1334 and the capital was shifted back to Delhi. In 1499, Daulatabad became a part of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. In 1610, a new city named Kha\u1e0dk\u012b was established at the location of modern Aurangabad to serve as the capital of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate by the Ethiopian military leader Malik Ambar, who was brought to India as a slave but rose to become a popular Prime Minister of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. Malik Ambar was succeeded by his son Fateh Khan, who changed the name of the city to Fatehnagar. In 1636, Aurangzeb, who was then the Mughal viceroy of the Deccan region, annexed the city into the Mughal Empire. In 1653, Aurangzeb renamed the city as \"Aurangabad\" and made it the capital of the Deccan region of the Mughal Empire. In 1724, the Mughal governor of the Deccan, Nizam Asaf Jah I, seceded from the Mughal Empire and founded his own Asaf Jahi dynasty. The dynasty established the State of Hyderabad with their capital initially at Aurangabad, until they transferred their capital to the city of Hyderabad in 1763. Hyderabad State became a princely state during the British Raj, and remained so for 150 years (1798\u20131948). Until 1956, Aurangabad remained part of Hyderabad State. In 1960, Aurangabad and the larger Marathi-speaking Marathwada region became a part of the state of Maharashtra.\n\n", "Q878708": "Winthrop Rockefeller (May 1, 1912 \u2013 February 22, 1973) was an American politician and philanthropist, who served as the first Republican governor of Arkansas since Reconstruction. He was a third-generation member of the Rockefeller family.", "Q249475": "\u00c0ngel Ll\u00e0cer Pin\u00f3s (born on 16 January 1974 in Barcelona, Spain) is a Spanish actor, television presenter and drama teacher.\nHe attended the Institut del Teatre de Barcelona (1996\u20131997), and completed his education in San Miniato (Italy) and Berlin. He has worked as a drama teacher at ESADE and on the TV show Operaci\u00f3n Triunfo and made his directorial debut with A Midsummer Night's Dream.", "Q102802": "Grete Reinwald (25 May 1902 \u2013 24 May 1983) was a German stage and film actress. As a child, due to her sweet, appealing features she modeled for many monochrome, hand-tinted and autochrome postcards. Her siblings Hanni Reinwald and Otto Reinwald were also actors.", "Q11648": "Mary Jane Irwin is the Evan Pugh Professor and A. Robert Noll Chair Emeritus in Engineering in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. She has been on the faculty at Penn State since 1977. She is an international expert in computer architecture. Her research and teaching interests include computer architecture, embedded and mobile computing systems design, power and reliability aware design, and emerging technologies in computing systems.", "Q175452": "Novocherkassk (Russian: \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0441\u0441\u043a, lit. New Cherkassk) is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located near the confluence of the Tuzlov River and Aksay River, the latter a distributary of the Don River. Novocherkassk is best known as the cultural capital of the Cossacks, and as the official capital of the Don Cossacks. Population: 168,746 (2010 Census); 170,822 (2002 Census); 187,973\u2009(1989 Census); 178,000 (1974); 123,000 (1959); 81,000 (1939); 52,000 (1897).", "Q84445": "Pierre Jean \u00c9douard Desor (13 February 1811, Friedrichsdorf, Grand Duchy of Hesse \u2013 23 February 1882) was a German-Swiss geologist and naturalist.", "Q93139": "Karl Sims is a computer graphics artist and researcher, who is best known for using particle systems and artificial life in computer animation.", "Q314000": "King Camp Gillette (January 5, 1855 \u2013 July 9, 1932) was an American businessman. He invented a best selling version of the safety razor. Several models were in existence before Gillette's design. Gillette's innovation was the thin, inexpensive, disposable blade of stamped steel. Gillette is widely credited with inventing the so-called razor and blades business model, where razors are sold cheaply to increase the market for blades, but in fact the Gillette Safety Razor Company only adopted this model after its competitors did.", "Q932601": "West Orange is a suburban township in central Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 46,207, reflecting an increase of 1,264 (+2.8%) from the 44,943 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 5,840 (+14.9%) from the 39,103 counted in the 1990 Census.", "Q592994": "Anton Profes (1896\u20131976) was an Austrian composer.\n\n", "Q200707": "Takamatsu (\u9ad8\u677e\u5e02, Takamatsu-shi, Japanese: [taka\ua71cmats\u026f]) is a city located in central Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku in Japan, and is the capital city of the prefectural government. It is designated a core city by the Japanese Government. It is a port city located on the Seto Inland Sea, and is the closest port to Honshu from Shikoku island. For this reason it flourished under the daimy\u014ds (feudal lords) as a castle town in the fiefdom of Takamatsu, during the Edo period. Takamatsu is a city with a large concentration of nationwide companies' branch offices, which play a large role in its economy, and it contains most of the national government's branch offices for Shikoku. The castle tower formerly used as the symbol of the city was destroyed during the Meiji period. In 2004, construction of the Symbol Tower, the new symbol of Takamatsu, was completed. The Symbol Tower is located in the Sunport area of the city. The Symbol Tower is the tallest building in Takamatsu, and is right next to another tall building The JR Clement Hotel (formerly the ANA Clement Hotel), which is also part of the Sunport complex.\nThe Sunport Takamatsu covers the area of the Symbol Tower, the JR Clement Hotel, and a miniature mall called Maritime Plaza. The Takamatsu Bus station is also located right next to Maritime Plaza. Various Buses including the Kotoden Bus run through town, to Ritsurin Park, and to the airport. Sunport Takamatsu is also connected to the ports of Takamatsu. Takamatsu Airport is located in Takamatsu.\n\nOn September 26, 2005, the town of Shionoe (from Kagawa District) was merged into Takamatsu.\nOn January 10, 2006, Takamatsu absorbed the towns of Aji and Mure (both from Kita District), the towns of Kagawa and K\u014dnan (both from Kagawa District), and the town of Kokubunji (from Ayauta District) to create the new and expanded city of Takamatsu.", "Q624446": "Schlangenbad is a community in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis in the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt in Hesse, Germany.", "Q434821": "Ludwig Minkus (Russian: \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0441), also known as L\u00e9on Fyodorovich Minkus (23 March 1826 \u2013 7 December 1917), was a Jewish-Austrian composer of ballet music, a violin virtuoso and teacher.\nMinkus is noted for the music he composed while serving as the official Composer of Ballet Music to the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatres in Russia. During his long career, he wrote for the original works and numerous revivals staged by the renowned Ballet Masters Arthur Saint-L\u00e9on and Marius Petipa. Among the composer's most celebrated compositions was his score for La source (1866; composed jointly with L\u00e9o Delibes), Don Quixote (1869); and La Bayad\u00e8re (1877). Minkus also wrote supplemental material for insertion into already existing ballets. The most famous and enduring of these pieces is the Grand Pas classique from the ballet Paquita, which was added by Marius Petipa especially for a revival of the ballet staged for the benefit performance of the prima ballerina Ekaterina Vazem in 1881. For this revival Minkus also composed the Mazurka des enfants (Children's Mazurka) and an expanded edition of the ballet's Pas de trois, which would go on to become known as the Minkus pas de trois\nToday, Minkus's music is some of the most performed in all of ballet, and is a most integral part of the traditional classical ballet repertory.", "Q548256": "Ridolfo \"Aristotele\" Fioravanti (c. 1415 or 1420 in Bologna \u2013 c. 1486) was an Italian Renaissance architect and engineer, active in Muscovy from 1475, where he designed the Dormition Cathedral, Moscow during 1475\u20131479.\nHis surname is sometimes given as Fieraventi. Russian versions of his name are \u0424\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u0424\u044c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u0424\u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u0424\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435.", "Q82020": "Daphne Muri\u00ebl Deckers (born 10 November 1968) is a Dutch model, host, writer and occasional actress. In 1989 she started working at RTL-V\u00e9ronique. While at RTL she presented Holland's Next Top Model, which she took over after the second season from Yfke Sturm.\nDeckers began her career as a model. Later, she took up acting, appearing in the James Bond movie Tomorrow Never Dies. Also in 1999, she co-presented the first series of Big Brother. Currently, she writes children's books and books about family life and related subjects.\n\n", "Q4362": "The Social Democratic Party of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos socialdemokrat\u0173 partija, LSDP) is a social-democratic political party in Lithuania. Founded as an underground Marxist organization in 1896, it is the oldest extant party in Lithuania. During the time of the Soviet Union, the party went into exile, emerging once again in Lithuania in 1989.\nThe party's chairman since 2017 is Gintautas Paluckas. The party led a minority government in the unicameral Seimas, Lithuania's Parliament from 2004 to 2008. The party is a member of the Party of European Socialists (PES), the Progressive Alliance, and the Socialist International.", "Q681950": "Fran\u00e7ois Jacques Dominique Massieu (4 August 1832 \u2013 5 February 1896) was a French thermodynamics engineer noted for his two 1869 characteristic functions, each of which known as a Massieu function (the first of which sometimes called free entropy), as cited by American engineer Willard Gibbs in his 1876 On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances.", "Q390300": "Agalloch () was an American folk metal band from Portland, Oregon. Formed in 1995 by frontman John Haughm, they released five full-length albums, four EPs, two singles, one split single, two demos, four compilation albums and one live video album. They announced their disbandment in May 2016.", "Q19200": "Joseph Hahn (born March 15, 1977) is an American musician, DJ, director and visual artist. He is best known as the DJ of the American rock band Linkin Park, doing the scratching, turntables, sampling, and programming for all seven of Linkin Park's albums. Hahn, along with bandmate Mike Shinoda, are responsible for most of Linkin Park's album artwork.", "Q171620": "Oscar Rub\u00e9n Larrauri (born August 19, 1954) is a racing driver from Argentina. He participated in 21 Formula One Grands Prix, all with the EuroBrun team, debuting at the 1988 Brazilian Grand Prix. He scored no championship points, only qualifying 8 times.\nHe was for many years part of Brun Motorsport in sports car racing, and involved in the World Sportscar Championship, IMSA GT Championship, Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft, and All Japan Sports Prototype Championship during his career.", "Q254356": "Murnau am Staffelsee is a market town in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, in the Oberbayern region of Bavaria, Germany.\nThe market originated in the 12th century around Murnau Castle. Murnau is on the edge of the Bavarian Alps, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Munich. Directly to its west is the Staffelsee lake and to the south are the peaks and ridges of the Ammergau Alps beginning with the H\u00f6rnle and extending up to the Ettaler Manndl, southwest of the Wetterstein. This mountain range is formed by the Zugspitze and the Alpspitze in the south as well as the Estergebirge with their striking Kistenkar and the Walchensee mountains including Heimgarten and Herzogstand in the southeast.\nTo the south, the Murnauer Moos is the largest continuous wetland of its kind in Central Europe.", "Q109943": "Robert Habeck (born 2 September 1969 in L\u00fcbeck) is a German writer and politician of Alliance '90/The Greens and has been their leader since January 2018.", "Q98078": "Wilhelm Tolm\u00e9 Runge (June 10, 1895 \u2013 June 9, 1987) was an electrical engineer and physicist who had a major involvement in developing radar systems in Germany.", "Q139880": "Matthew Brett Cardona (born May 14, 1985) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his time in WWE under the ring name Zack Ryder.\nCardona began working in the professional wrestling industry in 2004, mainly as a tag team with Curt Hawkins on the independent circuit and then eventually in WWE, where they won the WWE Tag Team Championship. After the team split in 2009, Cardona made appearances on ECW. After the brand ended, he was featured sparingly on television. In 2011, Cardona started publishing a YouTube web series called Z! True Long Island Story where he proclaimed himself WWE's \"Internet Champion\", though this championship was not sanctioned by WWE. This and his use of social networking websites helped him in establishing a fan following and a bigger television role with WWE as a result.\nAll totaled, Cardona is a one-time United States Champion, one-time Intercontinental Champion and two-time WWE (Raw) Tag Team Champion.\n\n", "Q253439": "The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbreviated: KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed in the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam.\nIn addition to various advisory and administrative functions it operates a number of research institutes and awards many prizes, including the Lorentz Medal in theoretical physics, the Dr Hendrik Muller Prize for Behavioural and Social Science and the Heineken Prizes.", "Q360781": "Peter Iwers (born on 15 May 1975) is the former bass player of the Swedish band In Flames. He played with In Flames from their 1999 album Colony, up until their 2016 album Battles, originally replacing Johan Larsson who departed after 1997's Whoracle. He was also the bassist for the band Cyhra with former In Flames bandmate Jesper Str\u00f6mblad from 2017 to 2018.\nHis bass playing style has been influenced by Toto bassist Mike Porcaro, as well as Geddy Lee from Rush and John Myung of Dream Theater fame.He has two daughters and one son. His brother Anders is also a bass player, who plays for Tiamat, Avatarium (2014-) & Dark Tranquillity (2015-). He now brews beer at his brewery outside Gothenburg, Odd Island Brewing, together with his co-owner Daniel Svensson.Before he joined in Flames, Iwers played in a band called Chameleon.", "Q441266": "Mohamed Khelifati (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u200e, mu\u1e25ammad khal\u012bf\u0101t\u012b), better known by his stage name Cheb Mami (Arabic: \u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u200e, sh\u0101bb m\u0101m\u012b, born 11 July 1966), is an Algerian musician and singer-songwriter. He sings and speaks in Algerian Arabic and sometimes in French or Eastern Arabic dialects.", "Q684828": "Gyula Peidl (4 April 1873 \u2013 22 January 1943) was a Hungarian trade union leader and social democrat politician who served as Prime Minister and acting head of state of Hungary for 6 days in August 1919. His tenure coincided with a period of political instability in Hungary immediately after World War I, during which several successive governments ruled the country.\n\n", "Q382704": "Cavino Michele \"Kelly\" Petillo, (December 5, 1903 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania \u2013 June 30, 1970 Los Angeles, California) was an American race car driver.\nPetillo competed in the Indianapolis 500 on ten occasions, winning the race in 1935 in a year that marked the first win by a car powered by an Offenhauser engine. Petillo went on to win the 1935 AAA National Driving Championship. In 1937, Petillo participated in the Vanderbilt Cup but engine problems forced him out of the race.\nIn 1942, Petillo sustained a concussion and lacerations after a road accident when his car collided with a freight train. Petillo was denied entry to the 1946 Indianapolis 500, and sued the Indianapolis Motor Speedway for $50,000.Off the track, Petillo had numerous run-ins with the law, including charges of attempted rape and attempted murder. In 1948, police arrested him in victory lane after winning a race at Owosso Speedway, on charges of assault to commit murder seven days earlier. This was assault and battery. He was sentenced to ten years in the Indiana State Prison. He was released on parole in 1955, but went missing. He was re-captured in 1957, incidentally, at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. He was returned to prison until 1959, after which he was denied entry to the Indianapolis 500 in 1959 and 1960, officially due to age. After his exclusion in 1959, he again filed a lawsuit for $50,000 against the speedway and the United States Auto Club.Petillo died of emphysema in 1970.", "Q3355352": "The Royal Institute of Art (Swedish: Kungliga Konsth\u00f6gskolan) is an institution in Stockholm, Sweden for higher education in art, founded in 1735. The school was part of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts, until 1978 when it was made independent. It is under the supervision of the Ministry of Education and Research.", "Q762361": "Pentti Vihtori Holappa (11 August 1927 \u2013 10 October 2017) was a Finnish poet, writer and politician. Born in Ylikiiminki to a relatively poor family of modest means, he held numerous jobs before becoming a political journalist and eventually obtaining a government post. He was self-educated, but produced around fifteen volumes of poetry, as well as several novels and essays. He also worked as a translator; among the poets and authors whose work he translated into Finnish are Charles Baudelaire, Pierre Reverdy, and J. M. G. Le Cl\u00e9zio. He received the Finlandia Prize in 1998 for his novel Yst\u00e4v\u00e4n muotokuva: Portrait of a Friend.\nBetween February and October 1972, Holappa was Minister of Culture and Education in the Paasio II Cabinet representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland.", "Q204561": "Modesto (Spanish for '\"modest\"'), officially the City of Modesto, is the county seat and largest city of Stanislaus County, California, United States. With a population of approximately 201,165 at the 2010 census, it is the 18th largest city in the state of California and forms part of the Modesto\u2013Merced combined statistical area.\nModesto is located in the Central Valley, 68 miles (109 km) south of Sacramento and 90 miles (140 km) north of Fresno. Its distance from other places include 40 miles (64 km) north of Merced, California, 92 miles (148 km) east of San Francisco, 66 miles (106 km) west of Yosemite National Park, and 24 miles (39 km) south of Stockton. Modesto has been honored as a Tree City USA numerous times. It is surrounded by rich farmland; Stanislaus County ranks sixth among California counties in farm production. Led by milk, almonds, chickens, walnuts, and corn silage, the county grossed nearly $3.1 billion in agricultural production in 2011. The farm-to-table movement plays a central role in Modesto living as in the Central Valley.\nFilmmaker George Lucas, who was born in Modesto, graduated from Thomas Downey High School in 1962 and attended Modesto Junior College, immortalized the city in his award-winning 1973 film American Graffiti. Although it was not actually shot in Modesto, the film portrayed the spirit of cruising and friendship on Modesto's 10th and 11th Streets in 1962, and inspired a revival of interest in 1950s pop culture, including the TV show Happy Days and its spin-offs.\nThe city's annual Architectural Festival honors Modesto's history as a testing ground for mid-century modern architecture during the 1940s and '50s. Modesto's mid-century buildings have been featured four times in Museum of Modern Art publications.\nThe Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index for 2011, which interviews 1,000 participants about their jobs, finances, physical health, emotional state of mind and communities, ranked Modesto 126 out of the 190 cities surveyed. In December 2009, Forbes ranked Modesto 48th out of 100 among \"Best Bang-for-the-Buck Cities\". In this ranking, Modesto ranked 8th in housing affordability and travel time but also ranked 86th in job forecast growth and 99th in foreclosures.Modesto is the home of Gallo Family Winery, the largest privately owned winery in the world.", "Q89175": "Jan Philipp F\u00fcrchtegott Reemtsma (born 26 November 1952, Bonn, West Germany) is a German literary scholar and political activist.", "Q121017": "G\u00fcnther R\u00fccker (February 2, 1924 - February 24, 2008) was a German writer, playwright and film director. R\u00fccker won several awards for his work, including the National Prize of the GDR and the Prix Italia.\nR\u00fccker was born at Reichenberg (Liberec), and studied at the Theaterhochschule Leipzig. He was a Stasi informer after 1978. He died in Meiningen, aged 84.", "Q724334": "Felipe Carrillo Puerto (8 November 1874 \u2013 3 January 1924) was a Mexican journalist, politician and revolutionary who became known for his efforts at reconciliation between the Yucatec Maya and the Mexican government after the Caste War. He was governor of the Mexican state of Yucat\u00e1n from 1922 to 1924.\n\n", "Q119588": "Umberto Smaila (born 26 June 1950) is an Italian actor, composer, comedian, television personality, entrepreneur and musician.\nBorn in Verona, in the early-1970s Smaila co-founded together with Jerry Cal\u00e0, Franco Oppini and Nin\u00ec Salerno a cabaret-ensemble, \"i gatti di Vicolo Miracoli\". The group, reduced to three components since 1982, appeared on several successful TV programs and films and released several songs. After the disbandment of the group Smaila was the television presenter of a number of quiz and variety shows, most notably the late night show Colpo grosso. In nineties he founded the \"U.S.Band\", an orchestra with whom he was cast in several television programs.As a composer, Smaila signed the musical scores of several genre films including Beast with a Gun (1977), Il ragazzo del pony express (1986), Sweets from a Stranger (1987), Delitti e profumi (1988) and Chicken Park (1994). The main theme of Beast with a Gun was later included in the soundtrack of Quentin Tarantino's Jackie Brown.Smaila also wrote and directed a musical comedy film, Italian Boys, released in 1982. \nHe is the founder of the brand Smaila's, a chain of restaurants and nightclubs specialized in live music.", "Q168371": "Panayotis Alexander \"Alexi\" Lalas (born June 1, 1970) is an American retired soccer player who played mostly as a defender. Lalas is best known for his participation with the United States men's national soccer team in the 1994 FIFA World Cup, where he was a standout player on the team with his distinctive long beard and hair. After the World Cup, Lalas went on to become the first American in Italy's Serie A as a member of Calcio Padova.Lalas would later return to the United States in 1996 to take part in the newly formed Major League Soccer, as a member of New England Revolution. Lalas also played with Club Sport Emelec of Ecuador, and the MLS squads MetroStars and Kansas City Wizards, but his most successful period was with Los Angeles Galaxy, with whom he won the CONCACAF Champions' Cup, Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup and MLS Cup before retiring in 2002. Lalas' playing style was characterized by physical ability and endurance.Following his playing career, Lalas served as general manager of the San Jose Earthquakes, New York Red Bulls, and Los Angeles Galaxy of Major League Soccer. He was elected to the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 2006. He currently works as an analyst for Fox Sports.", "Q378870": "Daniele Matteo Alvise Barbaro (also Barbarus) (8 February 1514 \u2013 13 April 1570) was an Italian architect, writer on architecture, and translator of, and commentator on, Vitruvius. He also had a significant ecclesiastical career.\nBarbaro's fame is chiefly due to his vast output in the arts, letters, and mathematics. A cultured humanist, he was a friend and admirer of Torquato Tasso, a patron of Andrea Palladio, and a student of Pietro Bembo. Francesco Sansovino considered Daniele to be one of the three best Venetian architects, along with Palladio and Francesco's father Jacopo.", "Q167724": "Guido de Marco, (22 July 1931 \u2013 12 August 2010) was a Maltese politician, who served as the sixth President of Malta from 1999 to 2004. A noted statesman and lawmaker, de Marco also served as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior, Justice, and Minister for Foreign Affairs.\nHe was elected President of the 45th session of the United Nations General Assembly in 1990, and Chairman of the Commonwealth Foundation in 2004. A renowned criminal lawyer, he defended some of the landmark cases in Malta during the 1980s. His sudden death in 2010 shocked the nation and prompted three days of national mourning and a state funeral.", "Q262182": "Lauren Lee Smith (born June 19, 1980) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her television roles, including Emma DeLauro in the syndicated fantasy drama Mutant X, Riley Adams in the CBS forensics drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, police Sergeant Michelle McCluskey in the CTV fantasy drama The Listener, and Frankie Drake in the CBC detective series Frankie Drake Mysteries.", "Q86520": "Thomas Thiemeyer (born 22 March 1963) is a German illustrator and author of fantasy novels. Since 2018, he also has published crime stories set in Corsica under the pen name Vitu Falconi.\nThiemeyer studied art and geology in Cologne. His first children's book was published in 1989 by the Ravensburger publishing house, where he also worked as graphic advisor. Two years later, he decided to become a freelance artist, illustrating games, children's books, book covers and much more. \nAmong other publishers, he has worked for Heyne Verlag, Arena, Fantasy Productions, Beltz & Gelberg, HarperCollins, Random House and Wizards of the Coast. In 2014, one of his paintings based on the biblical story of Noah was exhibited in an art show in New York City curated by the American film director Darren Aronofsky. In Germany, Thiemeyer's work was repeatedly awarded the Kurd-La\u00dfwitz-Preis and the Deutscher Phantastik-Preis (a German Fantasy award).\nIn 2004, his debut novel \"Medusa\" published by Droemer Knaur became an international success. Many other novels both for adults as well as for young readers followed, some of them became bestsellers. His novels have been translated into English, Spanish, Dutch, Czech, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Korean, Italian, Turkish, Chinese, Portuguese as well as Slovenian.\nHis stories are set in the tradition of classic adventure novels and often deal with the discovery of ancient cultures, including supernatural threats by mysterious powers. - As he had previously illustrated a picture book on dinosaurs, Thiemeyer was invited in 1998 to draw pictures for a book for young readers in Tanzania on the dinosaurs of Tendaguru, the historic and most important discovery of dinosaur fossils in Africa.\nThomas Thiemeyer lives in Stuttgart, Germany, with his wife and two sons.", "Q252041": "Johann Wolfgang Ritter von Kempelen de P\u00e1zm\u00e1nd (Hungarian: Kempelen Farkas; 23 January 1734 \u2013 26 March 1804) was a Hungarian author and inventor, known for his chess-playing \"automaton\" hoax The Turk and for his speaking machine.", "Q214014": "21 Jump Street is a 2012 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller, written by Jonah Hill and Michael Bacall, and starring Hill and Channing Tatum. An adaptation of the 1987\u201391 television series of the same name by Stephen J. Cannell and Patrick Hasburgh, the film follows two police officers who are forced to relive high school when they are assigned to go undercover as high school students to prevent the outbreak of a new synthetic drug and arrest its supplier.\nThe film was released theatrically on March 16, 2012 by Columbia Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and grossed $201 million against a budget of $54.7 million. A sequel, titled 22 Jump Street, was released on June 13, 2014. A female-led spin-off is currently in development.", "Q42204": "Hugo Wallace Weaving (born 4 April 1960) is an English actor resident in Australia. He is best known for playing Agent Smith in The Matrix trilogy (1999\u20132003), Elrond in The Lord of the Rings (2001\u20132003) and The Hobbit (2012\u20132014) film trilogies, V in V for Vendetta (2006), and Red Skull in Captain America: The First Avenger (2011).\nWeaving's first television role was in the 1984 Australian television series Bodyline, where he portrayed English cricket captain Douglas Jardine. In film, he first rose to prominence for his performance as Martin in the Australian drama Proof (1991). Weaving played Anthony \"Tick\" Belrose/Mitzi Del Bra in the comedy-drama The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (1994); and multiple roles in the science fiction film Cloud Atlas (2012). His roles as a voice actor include the roles as Rex the male sheepdog in Babe (1995), Noah the Leading Elder Emperor Penguin in Happy Feet (2006) and Happy Feet Two (2011) and as Megatron in the Transformers film series.\nWeaving's awards for acting include a Satellite Award, MTV Movie Award and six Australian Film Institute Awards.", "Q4755664": "Andreas Vgenopoulos (10 December 1953 \u2212 5 \u039dovember 2016) was the chairman of Marfin Investment Group and was a major shareholder of Panathinaikos FC. Vgenopoulos resigned from Panathinaikos in June 2010 citing differences with Giannis Vardinogiannis. His departure disappointed the fans of Panathinaikos. Vgenopoulos owned 1% of Marfin Popular Bank and 1,5% of the Marfin Investment Group. He had also been a Greek champion of Panathinaikos' Fencing department.", "Q854590": "Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO) is a Japanese electronic music band formed in Tokyo in 1978 by Haruomi Hosono (bass, keyboards, vocals), Yukihiro Takahashi (drums, lead vocals) and Ryuichi Sakamoto (keyboards, vocals). The group is considered influential and innovative in the field of popular electronic music. They were pioneers in their use of synthesizers, samplers, sequencers, drum machines, computers, and digital recording technology, and effectively anticipated the \"electropop boom\" of the 1980s. They are credited with playing a key role in the development of several electronic genres, including synthpop, J-pop, electro, and techno, while exploring subversive sociopolitical themes throughout their career.YMO was initially conceived by Hosono as a one-off exploration of computerized exotica and parody of Western conceptions of the orient. The three members were veterans of the music industry before coming together as YMO, and were inspired by eclectic sources, including the electronic music of Isao Tomita and Kraftwerk, Japanese traditional music, arcade games, funk music, and the disco productions of Giorgio Moroder. They released the surprise global hit \"Computer Game\" in 1978, reaching the UK Top 20 and selling 400,000 copies in the US. For their early recordings and performances, the band was often accompanied by programmer Hideki Matsutake. The group would release several albums before pausing their activity in 1984. They have briefly reunited several times in subsequent decades.", "Q289645": "Pascal Bonitzer (French: [b\u0254nits\u025b\u0281]; born 1 February 1946) is a French screenwriter, film director, actor, and former film critic for Cahiers du cin\u00e9ma. He has written for 48 films and has appeared in 30 films since 1967. He starred in Ra\u00fal Ruiz's 1978 film The Suspended Vocation. He has a daughter, actress Agathe Bonitzer, with filmmaker Sophie Filli\u00e8res.\n\n", "Q12433": "The canton of Schwyz (German: Kanton Schwyz [\u0283vi\u02d0ts] (listen)) is a canton in central Switzerland between the Alps in the south, Lake Lucerne to the west and Lake Z\u00fcrich in the north, centered on and named after the town of Schwyz.\nIt is one of the founding cantons of Switzerland; Switzerland's name is derived from the name of the canton, and the flag of Switzerland from its coat of arms. For the history of the name, see Schwyz. The Swiss Federal Charter is on display in Schwyz. Northeast of the town of Schwyz is the Einsiedeln Abbey.", "Q1687856": "Jerry Portnoy (born November 25, 1943 in Chicago, Illinois, United States) is an American harmonica blues musician, who has toured with Muddy Waters and Eric Clapton.", "Q617932": "Frederick Dierks Bentley (born November 20, 1975) is an American country music singer and songwriter. In 2003, he signed to Capitol Nashville and released his eponymous debut album. Both it and its follow-up, 2005's Modern Day Drifter, are certified platinum in the United States. A third album, 2006's Long Trip Alone, is certified gold. It was followed in mid-2008 by a greatest hits package. His fourth album, Feel That Fire was released in February 2009. A bluegrass album, Up on the Ridge, was released on June 8, 2010; a sixth album, Home, followed in February 2012, as did a seventh one, Riser, in 2014. Bentley's eighth album, entitled Black, was released in May 2016. His ninth and most recent studio album, The Mountain, was released on June 8, 2018.\nBentley's studio albums have accounted for 25 singles on the Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts, of which 17 have reached number one: his debut single \"What Was I Thinkin'\", \"Come a Little Closer\", \"Settle for a Slowdown\", \"Every Mile a Memory\", \"Free and Easy (Down the Road I Go)\", \"Feel That Fire\", \"Sideways\", \"Am I the Only One\", \"Home\", \"5-1-5-0\", \"I Hold On\", \"Drunk on a Plane\", \"Say You Do\", \"Somewhere on a Beach\", \"Different for Girls\", \"Woman, Amen\" and \"Living\". Seven more of his singles have reached the top 5.", "Q65863": "Luise Adelgunde Victorie Gottsched (born Kulmus, 11 April 1713 \u2013 26 June 1762) was a German poet, playwright, essayist, and translator, and is often considered one of the founders of modern German theatrical comedy.", "Q202676": "Simon Reynolds (born 19 June 1963) is an English music journalist and author who began his professional career on the staff of Melody Maker in the mid-1980s, and has since gone on to freelance and publish a number of full-length books on music and popular culture, ranging from historical tomes on rave music, glam rock, and the post-punk era to critical works such as Retromania: Pop Culture's Addiction to Its Own Past (2011). He has also contributed to Spin, Rolling Stone, The New York Times, The Village Voice, The Guardian, The Wire, Pitchfork, and others.", "Q90342": "Robert Weil (1881 \u2013 1960) was an Austrian writer for stage and screen.\nUnder the pseudonym Gustav Holm, he co-authored (with Ernst D\u00e9csey) a play Sissys Brautfahrt (\"Sissy's bridal journey\") which was later used for the libretto of the well-known operetta Sissy by Ernst and Hubert Marischka.\nHe also used the pseudonym \"Homunkulus\".", "Q254430": "Chidananda Das Gupta (20 November 1921 \u2013 22 May 2011) (family name sometimes spelled 'Dashgupta' and 'Dasgupta') was an Indian filmmaker, film critic, a film historian and one of the founders of Calcutta Film Society with Satyajit Ray in 1947. He lived and worked in Calcutta and Santiniketan.", "Q28963": "Stereophonics are a Welsh rock band that formed in 1992 in the village of Cwmaman in the Cynon Valley. The band consists of Kelly Jones (lead vocals, lead guitar, keyboards), Richard Jones (bass guitar, harmonica, backing vocals), Adam Zindani (rhythm guitar, backing vocals), Jamie Morrison (drums, percussion) and touring member Tony Kirkham (keyboards). The group previously included Stuart Cable (1992\u20132003) and then Javier Weyler (2004\u20132012) on drums. Stereophonics have released eleven studio albums, including seven UK number one albums. Including their latest album Kind (2019). A successful compilation album, Decade in the Sun, was released in November 2008 and charted at number two in the United Kingdom.\nDescribed as \"classic UK rock delivered with whiskey vocals\", the band have been summarised as possessing a sound akin to the genres of alternative rock and \"British traditional rock\". Stereophonics' debut album, Word Gets Around, was released in August 1997 and charted at number six in the UK, aided by the singles \"Local Boy in the Photograph\", \"More Life in a Tramps Vest\" and \"A Thousand Trees\". The band reached mainstream success with the release of Performance and Cocktails (and its promotional singles \"The Bartender and the Thief\", \"Just Looking\" and \"Pick a Part That's New\") in 1999 and have achieved a total of ten top-ten singles as well as one number one: \"Dakota\" (2005). Having sold around 10 million copies worldwide, Stereophonics are one of the most successful Welsh rock acts. Upon their release of Pull the Pin, they achieved five consecutive UK number one albums.\nThe band have also been praised for their live performances, which have landed them headlining slots at many of the UK and Ireland's most high-profile music festivals, including Reading and Leeds in 2000, Glastonbury in 2002, V festival in 2002, the Isle of Wight in 2004 and 2009, Oxegen in 2010, Tramlines Festival (Sheffield) in 2018, and Latitude in 2019. The band was heavily criticized for playing in front of a packed crowd in Cardiff on 15 March 2020, when the SARS-CoV virus was spreading rapidly across the UK. The band is part of the Cardiff music scene.", "Q123166": "Gettysburg is a 1993 American epic war film about the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. Written and directed by Ronald F. Maxwell, the film was adapted from the historical novel The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara. It features an ensemble cast, including Tom Berenger as James Longstreet, Jeff Daniels as Joshua Chamberlain, Martin Sheen as Robert E. Lee, Stephen Lang as George Pickett, and Sam Elliott as John Buford.Originally filmed as a miniseries for TNT, Gettysburg received a limited theatrical release from New Line Cinema under the direction of Ted Turner, who owned both entities. At 254 minutes, it is one of the longest films released by a major film studio in the United States. It received positive reviews from critics and grossed $12.7 million on a $20 million budget. A prequel, Gods and Generals, was released in 2003, also directed by Maxwell and featuring many returning cast members.", "Q362828": "Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovsky (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026ak\u02c8sandr \u02c8tr\u02b2if\u0259n\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 tv\u0250r\u02c8dofsk\u02b2\u026aj]; 21 June [O.S. 8 June] 1910 \u2013 18 December 1971) was a Soviet poet and writer and chief editor of Novy Mir literary magazine from 1950 to 1954 and 1958 to 1970. His name has also been rendered in English as Aleksandr Trifonovich Tvardovski, Aleksandr Tvardovski, and Alexander Tvardovsky (though \"Aleksandr Tvardovsky\" is by far the most common spelling).", "Q19566": "Simferopol () is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula, and the capital of the (Autonomous) Republic of Crimea. Simferopol is an important political, economic and transport hub of the peninsula, and serves as the administrative centre of both Simferopol Municipality and the surrounding Simferopol District. Founded on the site of a Crimean Tatar town Aqmescit, the city adopted its current name after the annexation of the Crimean Khanate to the Russian Empire. The population was 332,317 (2014 Census).", "Q124609": "Maria Johanna von Aachen (born Maria Johanna Katharina Erika Elisabeth von Amboten:21 April 1755 - 21 January 1845) was a Westphalian writer and noblewoman.\n\n", "Q443317": "Robert John Davi (born June 26, 1953) is an American actor, singer, and entertainer. Over the course of his acting career, Davi has performed in more than 130 films. Among his most recognized roles are opera-singing heavy Jake Fratelli in The Goonies (1985), Vietnam veteran and FBI Special Agent Johnson in Die Hard (1988), Bond villain Franz Sanchez in Licence to Kill (1989), police deputy chief Phil Heinemann in Predator 2 (1990) and strip club manager Al Torres in Showgirls (1995). On television, he portrayed FBI Special Agent Bailey Malone in the NBC television series Profiler (1996\u20132000).\nClassically trained as a singer, Davi launched his professional singing career in 2011. His first album, Davi Sings Sinatra -- On The Road To Romance, hit No. 6 on the Billboard jazz charts. Praised for his voice and vocal interpretations, Davi debuted as a headliner at The Venetian Las Vegas, six months after the record was released.In 2016, Davi replaced the late Jerry Doyle as radio host for a nationally syndicated radio program on Talk Radio Network.", "Q152947": "Alice Lake (September 12, 1895 \u2013 November 15, 1967) was an American film actress. She began her career during the silent film era and often appeared in comedy shorts opposite Roscoe Arbuckle.\n\n", "Q82746": "Tanya Lopert (born 19 June 1942 in New York City) is a French actress and the daughter of Ilya Lopert. She appeared in more than seventy films since 1961.", "Q313009": "Christopher Joseph Isaak (born June 26, 1956) is an American musician and occasional actor. He is widely known for his hit \"Wicked Game\", as well as the songs \"Baby Did A Bad Bad Thing\" and \"Somebody's Crying\". He is known for his signature 1950s rock & roll style and crooner sound, as well as his falsetto and reverb-laden music. He is closely associated with film director David Lynch, who has used his music in numerous films and gave him a role in the film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk With Me. His songs generally focus on the themes of love, loss, and heartbreak. With a career spanning four decades, he has released a total of 12 studio albums, toured, and received numerous award nominations. He has been called the Roy Orbison of the 1990s and is often also compared to Elvis Presley, Ricky Nelson, and Duane Eddy.", "Q352733": "Randall Duane Couture (; born June 22, 1963) is an American actor, former U.S. Army sergeant, retired mixed martial artist and former collegiate and Greco-Roman wrestler. During his tenures in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), he became a three-time UFC Heavyweight Champion, two-time UFC Light heavyweight Champion, an interim UFC Light heavyweight Champion, making him a six-time UFC Champion and the UFC 13 Heavyweight Tournament winner. He is the first of seven fighters to hold two UFC championship titles in two different divisions (along with B.J. Penn, Conor McGregor, Georges St-Pierre, Daniel Cormier, Amanda Nunes, and Henry Cejudo).\nCouture has competed in a record 16 title fights. He holds the record for the most wins in UFC Heavyweight Championship bouts (6). He had the most title reigns in the UFC, with six. His last fight with Lyoto Machida marked his 24th fight in the UFC. He is the fourth member of the UFC Hall of Fame. He is the only person over the age of 40 to have won a UFC championship fight, having done so four times. He is one of the few MMA champions to regain a title he had lost, and the only to have done it three times (twice at heavyweight, once at light heavyweight).\nCouture was an Olympic wrestling alternate and has lived in Corvallis, Oregon throughout much of his career, where he served as an assistant wrestling coach and a strength and conditioning coach for Oregon State University. He established Team Quest with Matt Lindland and Dan Henderson, a training camp for fighters, based out of Gresham, Oregon, and headed by coach Robert Folis. In 2005, he moved to Las Vegas, where he opened his own extensive chain of gyms under the name Xtreme Couture. He partnered with Bas Rutten to open Legends Gym in Hollywood, California.\nCouture is generally recognized as a clinch and ground-and-pound fighter who uses his wrestling ability to execute take downs, establish top position and successively strike the opponent on the bottom. He has displayed a variety of skills in boxing and catch wrestling. He is the only UFC fighter to win a championship after becoming a Hall-of-Famer and is the oldest champion in MMA history.", "Q69081": "Henning Scherf (born 31 October 1938 in Bremen) is a German lawyer and politician (SPD). He was the 6th President of the Senate and Mayor of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen from 4 July 1995 to 8 November 2005.", "Q1979607": "An investor is a person that allocates capital with the expectation of a future financial return or to gain an advantage. Types of investments include: equity, debt securities, real estate, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between the investors in the primary and secondary markets. That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors. An investor who owns a stock is a shareholder.", "Q153481": "Jenna Bush Hager (n\u00e9e Jenna Welch Bush; born November 25, 1981) is an American news personality, author, and journalist. She is currently the co-host of Today with Hoda & Jenna, the fourth hour of NBC's morning news program Today.\nHager and her twin sister, Barbara, are daughters of the 43rd U.S. President George W. Bush and former First Lady Laura Bush. They are the first and only twin children of a U.S. president.\nAfter her father's presidency, Hager became an author, an editor-at-large for Southern Living magazine, and a television personality on NBC, being featured most prominently as a member of The Today Show as a correspondent, contributor and co-host.", "Q239838": "Yvette Guilbert (French pronunciation: \u200b[iv\u025bt gilb\u025b\u0281]; 20 January 1865 \u2013 3 February 1944) was a French cabaret singer and actress of the Belle \u00c9poque.", "Q312288": "George Ellery Hale (June 29, 1868 \u2013 February 21, 1938) was an American solar astronomer, best known for his discovery of magnetic fields in sunspots, and as the leader or key figure in the planning or construction of several world-leading telescopes; namely, the 40-inch refracting telescope at Yerkes Observatory, 60-inch Hale reflecting telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, 100-inch Hooker reflecting telescope at Mount Wilson, and the 200-inch Hale reflecting telescope at Palomar Observatory. He also played a key role in the foundation of the International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research and the National Research Council, and in developing the California Institute of Technology into a leading research university.\n\n", "Q31375": "Joseph Daniel Early (January 31, 1933 \u2013 November 9, 2012) was an American politician. He represented the third district of Massachusetts in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975 to 1993.\nEarly was born in Worcester, Massachusetts on January 31, 1933. He attended parochial schools in Worcester, and received a B.S. degree from College of the Holy Cross, graduating in 1955. He served in United States Navy, 1955\u20131957. He then taught high school in Shrewsbury and Spencer.\nEarly served six terms in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1963 to 1974. He was a delegate to Massachusetts State Democratic conventions from 1964 to 1970, and was elected as a Democrat to the 94th and to the eight succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1975 \u2013 January 3, 1993). He lost re-election in 1992 to Republican Peter I. Blute, in part due to the House banking scandal. He died on November 9, 2012. His son, Joseph Early, Jr. today serves as the Worcester County District Attorney.", "Q207691": "The theremin (; originally known as the \u00e6therphone/etherphone, thereminophone or termenvox/thereminvox) is an electronic musical instrument controlled without physical contact by the thereminist (performer). It is named after its inventor, L\u00e9on Theremin, who patented the device in 1928.\nThe instrument's controlling section usually consists of two metal antennas that sense the relative position of the thereminist's hands and control oscillators for frequency with one hand, and amplitude (volume) with the other. The electric signals from the theremin are amplified and sent to a loudspeaker.\nThe sound of the instrument is often associated with eerie situations. Thus, the theremin has been used in movie soundtracks such as Mikl\u00f3s R\u00f3zsa's Spellbound and The Lost Weekend, Bernard Herrmann's The Day the Earth Stood Still, and Justin Hurwitz's First Man, as well as in theme songs for television shows such as the ITV drama Midsomer Murders. The theremin is also used in concert music (especially avant-garde and 20th- and 21st-century new music), and in popular music genres such as rock.", "Q60884": "G\u00fcnther Anders (born G\u00fcnther Siegmund Stern; Breslau, 12 July 1902 \u2013 Vienna, 17 December 1992) was a German-Jewish philosopher, journalist, essayist and poet. \nTrained in the phenomenological tradition, he developed a philosophical anthropology for the age of technology, focusing on such themes as the effects of mass media on our emotional and ethical existence, the illogic of religion, the nuclear threat, the Shoah, and the question of being a philosopher. \nIn 1992, shortly before his death, G\u00fcnther Anders was awarded the Sigmund Freud Prize.", "Q1169487": "The University of Ibadan (UI) is the oldest degree awarding institution in Nigeria, and is located five miles (8 kilometres) from the centre of the major city of Ibadan in Western Nigeria. It is popularly known as Unibadan or UI.\nBesides the College of Medicine, there are twelve other faculties: Arts, Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Renewable Natural Resources, Social Sciences, Education, Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacy, Technology, Law, Public Health, and Dentistry. A thirteenth, Economics, Environmental Design and Management, is proposed.\nThe university has residential and sports facilities for staff and students on campus, as well as separate botanical and zoological gardens. In September 2016, it became the first Nigerian university to make the top 1000 in Times Higher Education rankings. Prior to that, it had always made the top 10 African Universities in Webometrics Rankings.", "Q3369252": "Kent Alexander Ekeroth (born 11 September 1981) is a Swedish politician and economist, who represented the Sweden Democrats.", "Q613413": "Chris Chameleon (born 28 July 1971) is a South African musician. He is the lead singer and bass guitarist for the band Boo!, and a solo artist. Chris has experience as an actor, making his debut in Franz Marx's Sonkring in the early 1990s, performing a role on 7de Laan as a musician, and starring in the South African soap opera, Binneland Sub Judice.", "Q198109": "Zhu Guangya (simplified Chinese: \u6731\u5149\u4e9a; traditional Chinese: \u6731\u5149\u4e9e; pinyin: Zh\u016b Gu\u0101ngy\u00e0; December 25, 1924 \u2013 February 26, 2011) was a Chinese nuclear physicist and politician. He was an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He served as the vice chairman of 8th and 9th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).Zhu attended National Central University (Nanjing University) in 1941 and graduated from the department of physics of National Southwestern Associated University in 1945, and obtained a doctorate degree in physics at University of Michigan in the United States (1950). He returned to China in the spring of 1950. After 1957, he was involved in nuclear reactor research. Together with Deng Jiaxian and others, Zhu led the development of China's atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb program.\nIn 1994 when Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) was founded, he served as the first president. In 1999, he received an achievement medal in recognition of his contribution to China's Two Bombs, One Satellite projects.\nZhu was an alternate member of 9th and 10th Central Committees of the Communist Party of China, and a full member of 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th Central Committees of CPC.\nZhu died on February 26, 2011 at the age of 86.", "Q125488": "Hans Karl Oskar Stubbe (7 March 1902 - 14 May 1989) was a German agronomist and plant breeder. During the Second World War he was dismissed by the Nazi government from the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Breeding Research in M\u00fcncheberg in 1936. After the war he went to work in East Germany where he was the founding director of the Institute for Cultivated Plant Research (which started as the Institut f\u00fcr Kulturpflanzenforschung in Vienna) in Gatersleben. He stood up against the ideas of Trofim Lysenko and prevented East German genetics from being influenced by politics that had caused damage in the Soviet Union. \n\nStubbe was born in 1902 at Berlin where his father was a school inspector. He studied agriculture and biology at the University of G\u00f6ttingen and the Agricultural University of Berlin. He became a student of Erwin Baur at the Institute for Inheritance Research in Berlin where he worked on a doctoral thesis on mutagenesis in 1929. He then joined the newly established Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Breeding Research in M\u00fcncheberg but after about nine years he was dismissed when the Nazi party came into power. For a while he worked with Fritz von Wettstein at the Institut f\u00fcr Kulturpflanzenforschung in Vienna. Wettstein wished to recruit Elisabeth Schiemann to head the institute but Stubbe objected to the idea of men working under her. He made major expeditions to collect germplasm of wild and cultivated plants from around Europe both with civilian and military objectives. Stubbe worked on using X-rays to produce useful mutations in barley. Along with Gustav Becker and Kurt Mothes, Stubbe ensured that Lysenkoism did not take root in East Germany.Despite his anti-fascist views, Stubbe defended his friend G\u00fcnther Niethammer and wrote a letter in 1947 exonerating the latter of any wilful participation with the Nazis at Auschwitz. After the Second World War Stubbe became director of the Institute for Cultivated Plant Research in Gatersleben. Stubbe died in 1989 in Zingst. He was succeeded at Gatersleben by his student Helmut B\u00f6hme.", "Q915447": "Mary Vesta Williams (December 1, 1957 \u2013 September 22, 2011) was an American singer-songwriter, who performed across genres such as pop, jazz, adult contemporary and R&B. Originally credited as Vesta Williams, she was simply known as Vesta beginning in the 1990s. She was known for her four\u2013octave vocal range. She once sang \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" for the Los Angeles Lakers game opener using all four of those octaves. Although Williams never had any albums certified gold nor any Top 40 hits on the Billboard Hot 100, she scored six Top 10 hits on the United States Billboard R&B chart from the mid\u20131980s to the early\u20131990s which included \"Once Bitten, Twice Shy\" (1986), \"Sweet Sweet Love\" (1988), \"Special\" (1993), and her 1989 R&B hit and signature song, \"Congratulations\".", "Q5685": "Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432, IPA: [\u0250n\u02c8ton \u02c8pav\u026b\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8t\u0255\u025bx\u0259f]; 29 January 1860 \u2013 15 July 1904) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer who is considered to be among the greatest writers of short fiction in history. His career as a playwright produced four classics, and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics. Along with Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg, Chekhov is often referred to as one of the three seminal figures in the birth of early modernism in the theatre. Chekhov practiced as a medical doctor throughout most of his literary career: \"Medicine is my lawful wife\", he once said, \"and literature is my mistress.\"Chekhov renounced the theatre after the reception of The Seagull in 1896, but the play was revived to acclaim in 1898 by Konstantin Stanislavski's Moscow Art Theatre, which subsequently also produced Chekhov's Uncle Vanya and premiered his last two plays, Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard. These four works present a challenge to the acting ensemble as well as to audiences, because in place of conventional action Chekhov offers a \"theatre of mood\" and a \"submerged life in the text\".Chekhov had at first written stories to earn money, but as his artistic ambition grew, he made formal innovations which have influenced the evolution of the modern short story. He made no apologies for the difficulties this posed to readers, insisting that the role of an artist was to ask questions, not to answer them.", "Q180746": "\u00c9rik Izraelewicz (6 February 1954 \u2013 27 November 2012) was a French journalist and author, specialised in economics and finance. From February 2011 he was director and editorial executive of the daily Le Monde, after having held the same position at the financial daily newspapers Les Echos and La Tribune.", "Q3696065": "Salimuzzaman Siddiqui (Urdu: \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0645\u0627\u06ba \u0635\u062f\u0651\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u200e [s\u0259\u02c8li\u02d0m\u028azz\u0259m\u0251\u02d0n s\u026a\u02c8d\u032ad\u032ai\u02d0qi]; 19 October 1897 \u2013 14 April 1994), HI, MBE, SI, FPAS, FRS was a Pakistani organic chemist specialising in natural product chemistry.\nSiddiqui studied philosophy at Aligarh Muslim University and later studied chemistry at Frankfurt University, where he received his PhD in 1927. On return to British India, he worked at the Tibbia College Delhi and the Indian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. He later moved to Pakistan and worked in the Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and went on to establish the Pakistan National Science Council and was appointed as its first chairman in 1961. In the same year he became the Fellow of the Royal Society. He later also co-founded Pakistan Academy of Sciences, and after retirement from the government, he founded the Hussain Ebrahim Jamal Research Institute of Chemistry.Siddiqui is credited for pioneering the isolation of unique chemical compounds from the Neem (Azadirachta indica), Rauvolfia, and various other flora. As the founder director of H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, he revolutionised the research on pharmacology of various domestic plants found in South Asia to extract novel chemical substances of medicinal importance. During his career, Siddiqui published more than 300 research papers and obtained 40 patents mainly from the field of natural product chemistry. In addition to his scientific talents, Siddiqui was also an avid painter, a poet, and a great connoisseur of Western music. His paintings were exhibited in the United States, Germany, India, and Pakistan.", "Q116042": "Gris\u00e9lidis R\u00e9al (11 August 1929 \u2013 31 May 2005) was a writer and sex worker from Geneva, Switzerland.", "Q337020": "Paul Rudd Drayson, Baron Drayson FREng PC (born 5 March 1960), is a British businessman, amateur racing driver and Labour politician. He was Minister of Science in the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills until May 2010, where he replaced Ian Pearson. In June 2009 he was additionally appointed as Minister of State for Strategic Defence Acquisition Reform at the Ministry of Defence. After losing his ministerial positions in the General Election 2010 he decided to devote himself totally towards his motorsports company Drayson Racing Technology. He is chairman and CEO of Drayson Technologies Ltd.", "Q204398": "Octopussy is a 1983 spy film and the thirteenth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and the sixth to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It was directed by John Glen and the screenplay was written by George MacDonald Fraser, Richard Maibaum, and Michael G. Wilson.\nThe film's title is taken from a short story in Ian Fleming's 1966 short story collection Octopussy and The Living Daylights, although the film's plot is original. It does, however, include a scene inspired by the Fleming short story \"The Property of a Lady\" (included in 1967 and later editions of Octopussy and The Living Daylights), while the events of the short story \"Octopussy\" form a part of the title character's background and are recounted by her.\nBond is assigned the task of following a general who is stealing jewels and relics from the Soviet government. This leads him to a wealthy Afghan prince, Kamal Khan, and his associate, Octopussy, and the discovery of a plot to force disarmament in Western Europe with the use of a nuclear weapon.\nOctopussy was produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Michael G. Wilson, and was released in the same year as the non-Eon Bond film Never Say Never Again. The film earned $187.5 million against its $27.5 million budget and received mixed reviews, with praise being directed towards the action sequences and locations, and the plot and humour being targeted for criticism; Maud Adams's portrayal of the title character also drew polarised responses.", "Q280098": "Virginia Elizabeth \"Geena\" Davis (born January 21, 1956) is an American actress and activist. Davis has received numerous accolades for her acting work in both film and television, and is noted for her portrayals of strong and authentic female characters as well as her involvement in advocacy for women in the industry.\nHaving graduated with a bachelor's degree in drama from Boston University in 1979, Davis signed with New York's Zoli modeling agency and started her career as a model. She made her acting debut in the film Tootsie (1982), in 1986 she starred in the thriller The Fly (1986), which proved to be one of her first box office hits. While the fantasy comedy Beetlejuice (1988) brought her to international prominence, the drama The Accidental Tourist (also 1988) earned her the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She cemented her leading actress status with her performance in the road film Thelma & Louise (1991), receiving a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Later she starred in A League of Their Own (1992), which proved to be a critical and box office success, earning her a Golden Globe Award nomination. Davis's roles in the box office failures Cutthroat Island (1995) and The Long Kiss Goodnight (1996), both directed by then-husband Renny Harlin, were followed by a lengthy break and downturn in her career.\nDavis starred as the adoptive mother of the titular character in the Stuart Little franchise (1999\u20132005) and as the first female president of the United States in the television series Commander in Chief (2005\u20132006), winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama for her role in the latter. Her later films include Accidents Happen (2009) and Marjorie Prime (2017). She has portrayed the recurring role of Dr. Nicole Herman in Grey's Anatomy (2014\u20132015, 2018), and also starred as Regan MacNeil/Angela Rance in the first season of the horror television series The Exorcist (2017).\nIn 2004, Davis launched the Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media, which works collaboratively with the entertainment industry to dramatically increase the presence of female characters in media. Through the organization, she launched the annual Bentonville Film Festival in 2015, and executive produced the documentary This Changes Everything in 2018.\nIn 2019, in recognition of her work for gender equality, Davis received the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.", "Q88492": "Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939 in Oberhausen) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral systems and political development, he has published several books.", "Q4920033": "Jeffrey Gitomer (born February 11, 1946 in West Palm Beach, Florida) is an American author, professional speaker, and business trainer, who writes and lectures internationally on sales, customer loyalty, and personal development. He lives with his wife Jennifer Gluckow in Charlotte, North Carolina.\n\n", "Q7092": "Eschenbach is a municipality in the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q74629": "Marie Calm (3 April 1832, Bad Arolsen, Waldeck \u2013 22 February 1887, Kassel, German Empire) was a German author, feminist and advocate of women's suffrage.", "Q296822": "Vincent Peter Jones (born 5 January 1965) is a British actor and former professional footballer who played as a midfielder from 1984 to 1999, notably for Wimbledon, Leeds United, Sheffield United, Chelsea, Queens Park Rangers and Wales.\nBorn in Watford, Hertfordshire, England, Jones represented and captained the Welsh national football team, having qualified via a Welsh grandparent. As a member of the \"Crazy Gang\", he won the 1988 FA Cup Final with Wimbledon, a club for which he played well over 200 games during two spells between 1986 and 1998. He also played for Chelsea, Leeds United, Sheffield United and Queens Park Rangers. Jones played 184 games in the Premier League, scoring 13 goals in the competition. He was a defensive midfielder who was especially noted for his very aggressive style of play, earning him a \"hard man\" image on the field.\nSince his retirement from football, he has capitalised on his tough man image and is now best known as an actor for his fearsome demeanour and physical presence, often being typecast into roles as violent criminals and thugs. His film career began with Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, and continued with roles in mainstream films such as Snatch (2000), Gone in 60 Seconds (2000), and Mean Machine (2001). He played Juggernaut in the 2006 film X-Men: The Last Stand, Sebastian Moran in CBS's Elementary, and Brick in The CW's Arrow.\nJones appeared in Celebrity Big Brother 2010, where he finished in third place behind Dane Bowers and Alex Reid.", "Q346801": "Peter Lawrence Buck (born December 6, 1956) is an American musician and songwriter. He was a co-founder and the lead guitarist of the alternative rock band R.E.M. He also plays mandolin on many R.E.M. songs. Throughout his career with R.E.M. (1980\u20132011), as well as during his subsequent solo career, Buck has also been at various times an official member of numerous 'side project' groups. These groups included Arthur Buck (with Joseph Arthur), Hindu Love Gods, The Minus 5, Tuatara, The Baseball Project, Robyn Hitchcock and the Venus 3, Tired Pony, and Filthy Friends, each of which have released at least one full-length album. Additionally, another side project group called Full Time Men released an EP while Buck was a member, as has a current project called The No-Ones. As well, ad hoc \"supergroups\" Bingo Hand Job (Billy Bragg and R.E.M.) and Nigel & The Crosses (Robyn Hitchcock, Peter Buck, Glenn Tilbrook and others) have each commercially released one track.\nOther groups of Buck's that have not recorded include Slow Music, which plays semi-regular gigs, and \"Richard M. Nixon\", a band The Buck founded in 2012 to support the release of his solo album with live gigs. Richard M. Nixon consists of Buck, Scott McCaughey and Bill Rieflin, the same three musicians who comprise The Venus 3.Buck also has a career as a record producer including releases by Uncle Tupelo, Vigilantes of Love, Dreams So Real, The Fleshtones, The Feelies, and The Jayhawks, as well as a session musician (for the likes of The Replacements, Billy Bragg, and Eels.)", "Q273676": "Asterix at the Olympic Games (French: Ast\u00e9rix aux Jeux olympiques) is a 2008 French fantasy comedy film co\u2013directed by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Forestier and Thomas Langmann, and written by Langmann, Alexandre Charlot and Frank Magnier, based on characters from Ren\u00e9 Goscinny and Albert Uderzo's Ast\u00e9rix comic series. It was filmed primarily in Spain throughout 2006.\nAt the time of release, it was the most expensive French and non English-speaking film of all time. The film was negatively received by critics, but performed well at several European box offices, topping charts in Poland, Spain and France. In May 2008, it received the \"G\u00e9rard du cin\u00e9ma\" (the French equivalent of the Golden Raspberry Awards) for \"Worst French Film of 2007\".", "Q25466": "Invitation to a Gunfighter is a 1964 DeLuxe Color western directed by Richard Wilson, starring Yul Brynner and George Segal. It was based on a 1957 teleplay by Larry Klien that appeared on Playhouse 90. A lone Creole gunfighter, Jules, burdened by his own past of dealing with racism and prejudices, ends up in a town dealing with its own racist and hypocritical ignominies. Jules attempts to learn the truth about the town's real motives for hiring him, while at the same time reconciling with his own past as he attempts to force the town's white folks to accept their own hypocritical shortcomings in living with their Mexican cohabitants. \n\n", "Q658604": "Gottfried de Purucker (January 15, 1874, Suffern, New York \u2013 September 27, 1942) was a Theosophist, author and leader of the Theosophical Society Pasadena (then headquartered at Point Loma, California) from 1929-1942.\nPurucker's father, an Anglican minister, prepared his son for his future with the church through extensive training in language and religious studies. Purucker recalls having at age 14 translated the entire New Testament from Greek, and at age 17 having translated the Book of Genesis from the Hebrew. But he recalls having had an intuition that something was wrong with the church system he grew up in. It was when he began studying eastern religions and philosophies and Theosophy that, in his words: \"I realized that the instinct of my soul had been a true one\". Of the Theosophical literature, he said: \"I read it avidly and studied it eagerly, and then my heart awoke, as my brain had awoke before. But now, from a study of the theosophical literature, my heart awaking, I began to realize what there was, not only in me, but in my fellows; and I said to myself: hereafter my life is consecrate to what I know to be the truth. No man can live unto himself alone; no man can tread the pathway \u2014 the still, small, old pathway \u2014 of the spiritual self within him, alone.\"These experiences led him to the Theosophical Society, which he joined on August 16, 1893. The years from 1893 until 1903 were spent traveling and working, largely in Europe, before moving to Point Loma and joining the staff at Lomaland, the headquarters of the Theosophical Society, under the leadership of Katherine Tingley. Of this period, Purucker said: \"all my early life, up till nearly thirty, was passed in the whirl of social and diplomatic and literary and artistic circles, in Geneva, Paris, and other European capitals and big cities. I hated this life, as you can imagine, and when the word came to me from the \"Bosses\" to pack up and go to Point Loma into years of retirement and training, I felt like a prisoner released from jail, and going home.\"From that time forward, Purucker taught classes, gave lectures and wrote several works on Theosophy. He succeeded Katherine Tingley to leadership of the Theosophical Society in 1929 and saw its operations through the great depression. In 1942, he sold the property at Point Loma and moved the headquarters to Covina, California. He died a few months later, on September 27, 1942.\nHis legacy includes several publications, including elucidations of the writings of Helena Blavatsky. Several additional works were also published posthumously.", "Q588853": "Stuart Hamm (born February 8, 1960) is an American bass guitar player, known for his session and live work with numerous artists as well as for his unconventional playing style and solo recordings.", "Q120296": "Martin H\u00fcrlimann (12 November 1897 in Z\u00fcrich \u2013 4 March 1984 in Z\u00fcrich) was a Swiss publisher, better known in the English speaking world as a photographer. \nFollowing successful completion, at Frauenfeld, of his school career, H\u00fcrlimann went on to study History, German literature and Philosophy at Z\u00fcrich, Leipzig and Berlin universities. His doctoral thesis, submitted and accepted in 1924, was entitled Die Aufkl\u00e4rung in Z\u00fcrich. Die Entwicklung des Z\u00fcrcher Protestantismus im 18. Jahrhundert.\nIn 1929 H\u00fcrlimann founded the newspaper \"Atlantis\", based in Berlin and specialising in international travel and related themes. In 1930 he founded \"Atlantis Verlag\", a publishing house, taking over from Ernest Wasmuth publication of the \"Orbis Terrarum\" series of books. In 1933 he married Bettina Kiepenheuer, the oldest daughter of Gustav Kiepenheuer, another publisher. In 1936 he founded a Z\u00fcrich branch of \"Atlantis Verlag\", and by 1939, with the outbreak of war, had relocated his head office to Z\u00fcrich, while retaining German branch across the border at Freiburg im Breisgau.\nHis wife and co-publisher Bettina Hurlimann, is the author of Three Centuries of Children's Books in Europe, published 1967. They lived in Uerikon, Switzerland.His photographic work was published in a number of books. Western European cities were a common theme, but he also photographed Ceylon and Southeast Asia.\nIn the 1930 English edition of his book Burma, Ceylon, Indo-China, H\u00fcrlimann wrote \"My photographs were chiefly taken with a Sinclair Una camera, Zeiss lens, and Kodak films.\"", "Q1443927": "Frank Paparelli (* December 25, 1917 in Providence, Rhode Island; \u2020 May 24, 1973 in Los Angeles, California) was an American Jazz pianist, Composer and Author. He was a pianist in Dizzy Gillespie's band during the mid-1940s, and is notable as the co-writer (with Gillespie) of the bebop standard A Night in Tunisia and Blue 'n' Boogie. .", "Q65042": "Max Halbe (4 October 1865 \u2013 30 November 1944) was a German dramatist and main exponent of Naturalism.", "Q45392": "Gerhard R\u00fchm (born 12 February 1930 in Vienna) is an Austrian author, composer and visual artist.", "Q80970": "Orthodox Judaism is a collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Rabbinic Judaism. Theologically, it is chiefly defined by regarding the Torah, both Written and Oral, as literally revealed by God on Mount Sinai and faithfully transmitted ever since.\nOrthodox Judaism therefore advocates a strict observance of Jewish Law, or halakha, which is to be interpreted and determined only according to traditional methods and in adherence to the continuum of received precedent through the ages. It regards the entire halakhic system as ultimately grounded in immutable revelation, essentially beyond external and historical influence. More than any theoretical issue, obeying the dietary, purity, ethical, and other laws of halakha is the hallmark of Orthodoxy. Other key doctrines include belief in a future bodily resurrection of the dead, divine reward and punishment for the righteous and the sinners, the Election of Israel as a people bound by a covenant with God, and an eventual Messianic Age ruled by a salvific Messiah-King who will restore the Temple in Jerusalem.\nOrthodox Judaism is not a centralized denomination. Relations between its different subgroups are sometimes strained, and the exact limits of Orthodoxy are subject to intense debate. Very roughly, it may be divided between Haredi Judaism (ultra-Orthodox), which is more conservative and reclusive, and Modern Orthodox Judaism, which is relatively open to outer society. Each of those is itself formed of independent streams. They are almost uniformly exclusionist, regarding Orthodoxy not as another stream of Judaism, but the correct form of Judaism itself.\nWhile adhering to traditional beliefs, the movement is a modern phenomenon. It arose as a result of the breakdown of the autonomous Jewish community since the 18th century, and was much shaped by a conscious struggle against the pressures of Jewish Enlightenment and even more far-reaching secularization and rival alternatives. The strictly observant and theologically aware Orthodox are a definite minority among all Jews, but there are also numerous semi- and non-practicing persons who are officially affiliated or personally identify with the movement. In total, Orthodox Judaism is the largest Jewish religious group, estimated to have over 2 million practicing adherents and at least an equal number of nominal members or self-identifying supporters.", "Q275207": "Alina Pogostkina (born 18 November 1983 in Leningrad) is a Russian-born German violinist.", "Q651146": "The Ditty Bops were an American band from Los Angeles, California that began with Warner Brothers, and later self-produced recordings. Noted for their tight vocal harmonies by Abby DeWald and Amanda Barrett. They incorporated a variety of musical styles such as folk, bluegrass, blues, western swing, ragtime and musical theater with guitar, ukulele, mandolin and dulcimer. Their live shows were often very interactive, and had different themes and theatrical elements complete with props, costumes, skits, and amusing slide shows.", "Q330029": "Mocky (born October 7, 1974) is a Canadian singer, music producer, multi-instrumentalist, songwriter and composer.\n\n", "Q183529": "The Olympic National Sports Complex (also known as Olympic Stadium; Ukrainian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441 \"\u041e\u043b\u0456\u043c\u043f\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439\") is a multi-use sports and recreation facility in Kiev, Ukraine, located on the slopes of the city's central Cherepanova Hora (Cherepanov Hill), Pecherskyi District. The Olympic National Sports Complex Stadium, the home of FC Dynamo Kyiv, is the premier sports venue in Ukraine and the second largest in Eastern Europe after Moscow's Luzhniki Stadium. The complex beside its stadium also features several other sports facilities and is designed to host the Olympic Games (the stadium hosted some football matches at the 1980 Summer Olympics).\nFollowing extensive renovation works, including the construction of a new roof, the stadium was reopened on 9 October 2011 with a performance by Shakira and had its international inauguration with a 3\u20133 friendly draw by Ukraine against Germany on 11 November 2011. It hosted the final of the UEFA Euro 2012 and the 2018 UEFA Champions League Final.", "Q350905": "Samuel Alfred De Grasse (June 12, 1875 \u2013 November 29, 1953) was a Canadian actor.", "Q137932": "Robert Allen (July 30, 1794 \u2013 December 30, 1859) was an American lawyer, slaveholder, farmer and politician from Woodstock, Virginia. He represented Virginia in the United States House of Representatives from 1827 to 1833, after representing the central Shenandoah Valley in the Virginia Senate.", "Q3206859": "Star Empire Entertainment (Korean:\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc81c\uad6d Seuta Jeguk) is a South Korean private-held entertainment company founded in 2000 by Shin Ju-hak.\nFormerly home to artists like Jewelry, Nine Muses and V.O.S. Its currently manages artists such as ZE:A, Imfact, and ARIAZ.", "Q265014": "Gage Golightly (born September 5, 1993) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Hayley Steele in the Nickelodeon series The Troop, Erica Reyes in the MTV series Teen Wolf, and Karen in the Amazon Studios series Red Oaks.", "Q806349": "A bandleader is the leader of a music group such as a rock or pop group or jazz quartet. The term is most commonly used with a group that plays popular music as a small combo or a big band, such as one which plays jazz, blues, rhythm and blues or rock and roll music. Most bandleaders are also performers with their own band, either as singers or as instrumentalists, playing an instrument such as electric guitar, piano, or other instruments.", "Q362009": "Victor Serge (French: [vikt\u0254\u0281 s\u025b\u0281\u0292]), born Victor Lvovich Kibalchich (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u0447; December 30, 1890 \u2013 November 17, 1947), was a Russian revolutionary and writer. Originally an anarchist, he joined the Bolsheviks five months after arriving in Petrograd in January 1919 and later worked for the Comintern as a journalist, editor and translator. He was critical of the Stalinist regime and remained a revolutionary Marxist until his death. He is best remembered for his Memoirs of a Revolutionary and series of seven \"witness-novels\" chronicling the lives of revolutionaries of the first half of the 20th century.\n\n", "Q69678": "Belp is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is close to Bern's Belp Airport. The municipality of Belpberg merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Belp.", "Q37062": "John VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, romanized: I\u014dann\u0113s Palaiologos; 18 December 1392 \u2013 31 October 1448) was the penultimate reigning Byzantine Emperor, ruling from 1425 to 1448.", "Q2065921": "Southern Federal University (Russian: \u042e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442), abbreviated as SFedU (Russian: \u042e\u0424\u0423) and formerly known as Rostov State University (1957\u20132006), is a public university in Rostov Oblast, Russia with campuses in Rostov-on-Don and Taganrog.", "Q38351": "Anthony Oliver Scott (born July 10, 1966) is an American journalist and cultural critic. Along with Manohla Dargis, he served as chief film critic for The New York Times. In 2020, Scott assumed the title of critic at large.", "Q1670399": "Alexander Ferdinand Grychtolik (born 6 September 1980 in Berlin) is a German harpsichordist, improviser, musicologist and academic.\nGrychtolik is married to the harpsichordist Aleksandra Magdalena Grychtolik, with whom he has appeared in concert.", "Q695": "Palau ( (listen), historically Belau, Palaos, or Pelew), officially the Republic of Palau (Palauan: Beluu er a Belau), is an island country located in the western Pacific Ocean. The country contains approximately 340 islands, and together with parts of the Federated States of Micronesia, forms the western chain of the Caroline Islands. Its area is 466 square kilometers (180 sq mi). The most populous island is Koror. The capital Ngerulmud is located on the nearby island of Babeldaob, in Melekeok State. Palau shares maritime boundaries with the Philippines, Indonesia, and Micronesia.\nThe country was originally settled approximately 3,000 years ago by migrants from Insular Southeast Asia. Spain was the first European nation to explore the islands in the 16th century, and they were made part of the Spanish East Indies in 1574. Following Spain's defeat in the Spanish\u2013American War in 1898, the islands were sold to Imperial Germany in 1899 under the terms of the German\u2013Spanish Treaty, where they were administered as part of German New Guinea. After World War I, the islands were made a part of the Japanese-ruled South Seas Mandate by the League of Nations. During World War II, skirmishes, including the major Battle of Peleliu, were fought between American and Japanese troops as part of the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign. Along with other Pacific Islands, Palau was made a part of the United States-governed Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands in 1947. Having voted against joining the Federated States of Micronesia in 1979, the islands gained full sovereignty in 1994 under a Compact of Free Association with the United States.\nPolitically, Palau is a presidential republic in free association with the United States, which provides defense, funding, and access to social services. Legislative power is concentrated in the bicameral Palau National Congress. Palau's economy is based mainly on tourism, subsistence agriculture and fishing, with a significant portion of gross national product (GNP) derived from foreign aid. The country uses the United States dollar as its currency. The islands' culture mixes Micronesian, Melanesian, Asian, and Western elements. Ethnic Palauans, the majority of the population, are of mixed Micronesian, Melanesian, and Austronesian descent. A smaller proportion of the population is descended from Japanese. The country's two official languages are Palauan (a member of the Austronesian language family) and English, with Japanese, Sonsorolese, and Tobian recognized as regional languages.", "Q519838": "For other persons with this name, see David Axelrod (disambiguation)\n\nDavid M. Axelrod (born February 22, 1955) is an American political consultant and analyst and former White House official. He is best known for being the chief strategist for Barack Obama's presidential campaigns. After Obama's election, Axelrod was appointed as Senior Advisor to the President. He left the position in early 2011 and became the Senior Strategist for Obama's successful re-election campaign in 2012. Axelrod wrote for the Chicago Tribune, and joined CNN as Senior Political Commentator in 2015. As of December 2019, Axelrod serves as the director of the non-partisan University of Chicago Institute of Politics. His memoir is titled Believer: My Forty Years in Politics.", "Q76980": "Dipl.-Ing. Josef Ganz (1 July 1898 \u2013 26 July 1967) was a German car designer born in Budapest, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Hungary).", "Q200840": "Patrick Joseph Noel Purcell (23 December 1900 \u2013 3 March 1985) was a distinguished Irish actor of stage, screen and television. He appeared in the 1956 film Moby Dick and the 1962 film Mutiny on the Bounty.", "Q1791167": "Irineu Evangelista de Sousa (Portuguese pronunciation: [i\u027ei\u02c8new iv\u0250\u0303\u0292e\u02c8li\u0283t\u0250 d\u0292i \u02c8sowz\u0250]), the Viscount of Mau\u00e1 ([vi\u0283\u02c8k\u00f5d\u0292i d\u0292i m\u0250w\u02c8a], 1813\u20131889) was a Brazilian entrepreneur, industrialist, banker and politician. Born to a family of small estancieiros (ranchers), Mau\u00e1 became one of the world's richest men; by 1867, his wealth was larger than the annual budget of the Brazilian Empire. He was called the Rothschild of the South American continent by the New York Times in 1871. He received the titles of baron (1854) and visconde com grandeza (viscount with greatness) (1874) of Mau\u00e1. A pioneer in several areas of the economy of Brazil, one of his greatest achievements was to start the construction of the Mau\u00e1 Railroad, the first railroad in Brazil.\nAt his peak, Mau\u00e1 controlled eight of the country's ten largest companies (the remaining two were state-owned); his banking interests stretched over to Britain, France, the United States and Argentina. Mau\u00e1 also founded the first bank in Uruguay (Banco Mau\u00e1 Y Cia).\nMau\u00e1, who established the modern Banco do Brasil, is credited with financing much of the Brazilian economy activity in the 19th century, particularly in coffee plantation, and with the construction of the first railroads, shipyard and cast iron metalwork in the country. Mau\u00e1 commissioned the first telegraphic submarine cable connecting South America to Europe, developed commercial transportation via steamboats on rivers Amazon and Gua\u00edba, and installed the first gas-fueled street lights in the city of Rio de Janeiro, then Brazil's capital. His fortunes turned around with the decay of the Empire after the Paraguayan War, however, and, by the time he died, Mau\u00e1 had lost most of his wealth.\n\n", "Q77446": "Baron Friedrich Karl von Moser Filseck (born 18 December 1723 in Stuttgart; died 11 November 1798 in Ludwigsburg) was a German jurist, state journalist and a politician.\nMoser was the eldest son of Johann Jacob Moser. He was educated in the Pietist tradition at Kloster Berge school. He studied law in Jena, and in 1743 became an assistant to his father, a lawyer and diplomat. Between 1747-67 and 1782\u201398, he was an active writer and journalist.\nFrom 1751-67 Moser lived in Frankfurt. In 1769 he was made a baron. In 1772 he was appointed as First Minister by Ludwig IX. He reorganised the finances of the state, which had accumulated heavy debts. Moser reached a settlement of these debts. His autocratic style of government made him many enemies. He resigned in 1780, and returned to writing.\nFrom 1783-90 Moser lived in Mannheim, then in Ludwigsburg.", "Q3378439": "Francis Fowke RE (7 July 1823 \u2013 4 December 1865) was a British engineer and architect, and a Captain in the Corps of Royal Engineers. Most of his architectural work was executed in the Renaissance style, although he made use of relatively new technologies to create iron framed buildings, with large open galleries and spaces.\nFowke was born in Ballysillan, Belfast. He studied at The Royal School Dungannon, County Tyrone, and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He obtained a commission in the Royal Engineers, and served with distinction in Bermuda and Paris. On his return to England, he was appointed architect and engineer in charge of the construction of several government buildings.\nAmong his projects were the Prince Consort's Library in Aldershot, the Royal Albert Hall and parts of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh, and the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin. He was also responsible for planning the 1862 International Exhibition in London. The International Exhibition building was described as 'a wretched shed' by The Art Journal; The Crystal Palace at the Great Exhibition of 1851 being a hard act to follow. Parliament declined the Government's proposal to purchase the building; the materials were sold and used for the construction of Alexandra Palace.\nBefore his sudden death from a burst blood vessel, he won the competition for the design of the Natural History Museum, although he did not live to see it executed. His renaissance designs for the museum were altered and realised in the 1870s by Alfred Waterhouse, on the site of Fowke's Exhibition building.\nHe died in 1865 and is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London.A medal was issued by the Royal Engineers in 1865, as a memorial prize for architectural works carried out by members of the corps. With the demise of great architectural works the prize has transformed into the prize awarded to the top student on the Royal Engineers Clerks of Works course.\n\n", "Q268530": "77 Records was a British record company and label set up in 1957 by Doug Dobell, the proprietor of 'Dobell's Jazz Record Shop' at 77 Charing Cross Road, London. The label specialised in folk, blues, and jazz.\nSeveral British jazz musicians, such as Acker Bilk, Bruce Turner, Tubby Hayes, Les Condon, Dick Morrissey, Brian Lemon and Buck Clayton, recorded on the label in the mid 1960s.British rhythm and blues performers such as Alexis Korner also recorded for 77 Records, as did many American artists. 77 Records also distributed records for US labels, including recordings by Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Lightnin' Hopkins, Scrapper Blackwell, Reverend Gary Davis, Robert Pete Williams, Big Joe Williams, Sunnyland Slim, Joe Turner, Little Brother Montgomery, Yank Rachell, and Sleepy John Estes.In 1960, Dobell started a short-lived spin-off label, Folklore, which released albums by Steve Benbow, Dominic Behan, Dick Fari\u00f1a and Eric Von Schmidt, and Cyril Davies and Alexis Korner, amongst others. A 1963 album by Dick Fari\u00f1a and Eric Von Schmidt, released on Folklore, featured \"Blind Boy Grunt\", alias Bob Dylan, on harmonica. The label also reissued recordings licensed from independent American record labels such as Arhoolie.", "Q324048": "Jan \u010cep (1902\u20131974) was a Czech writer and translator. \nHe was born in 1902 in the village of Myslechovice (now a part of Litovel), Moravia, to a family of peasants. After completing his studies at the Gymnasium in Litovel, from 1922 to 1926 he studied Czech, English and French linguistics at Prague University. In 1926, he joined Josef Florian's Christian community in Star\u00e1 \u0158\u00ed\u0161e and worked in its publishing house as a translator. After later having been seduced by Florian's elder sister, he returned to Prague and worked as a translator for the publishing houses Melantrich and Symposion. After the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, he returned to his native village and led a solitary life out of politics and public life. He only corresponded with his best friend, the poet Jan Zahradn\u00ed\u010dek (their correspondence was published in the 1990s as a book) and made visits to a Dominican cloister in Olomouc to see his other friend, a monk, theologian and literature critic named Silvestr Maria Braito. \nAfter the end of World War II he returned to Prague and worked as an editor in the Vy\u0161ehrad publishing house. \nAfter the communist takeover in 1948, Jan fled into exile and lived in France. His friends that stayed, such as Jan Zahradn\u00ed\u010dek, were subjected to cruel persecution. The poet Zahradn\u00ed\u010dek was sentenced to 13 years of prison for his \"anti-socialistic thinking\" and died a few weeks after being released from prison in the 1960s. \nIn exile, Jan \u010cep lived in Paris (1948-1951) and in Munich (1951-1954) where he became a commentator in the Czech section of Radio Free Europe. In 1954, he returned to Paris, married, and became an essayist and free journalist. He died in exile in 1974 in Paris.", "Q859": "Plato (; PLAY-toe Greek: \u03a0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Pl\u00e1t\u014dn, pronounced [pl\u00e1.t\u0254\u02d0n] in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 \u2013 348/347 BC) was an Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought, and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.\nHe is widely considered the pivotal figure in the history of Ancient Greek and Western philosophy, along with his teacher, Socrates, and his most famous student, Aristotle. Plato has also often been cited as one of the founders of Western religion and spirituality. The so-called Neoplatonism of philosophers like Plotinus and Porphyry influenced Saint Augustine and thus Christianity. Alfred North Whitehead once noted: \"the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato.\"Plato was the innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms in philosophy. Plato is also considered the founder of Western political philosophy. His most famous contribution is the theory of Forms known by pure reason, in which Plato presents a solution to the problem of universals known as Platonism (also ambiguously called either Platonic realism or Platonic idealism). He is also the namesake of Platonic love and the Platonic solids.\nHis own most decisive philosophical influences are usually thought to have been along with Socrates, the pre-Socratics Pythagoras, Heraclitus and Parmenides, although few of his predecessors' works remain extant and much of what we know about these figures today derives from Plato himself. Unlike the work of nearly all of his contemporaries, Plato's entire body of work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years. Although their popularity has fluctuated over the years, the works of Plato have never been without readers since the time they were written.", "Q27265": "The University of Salzburg, also known as the Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (German: Paris-Lodron-Universit\u00e4t Salzburg, PLUS), named after its founder, Prince-Archbishop Paris Lodron, is a public university in Salzburg municipality, Salzburg state, Austria. It is divided into four faculties: \n\nCatholic Theology\nLaw\nCultural and Social Sciences\nNatural SciencesEstablished in 1622, the university was closed in 1810 and re-established in 1962. Today, it has around 18,000 students and 2,800 employees and is the largest educational institution in Salzburg state.", "Q67899": "Ralf Wolter (born November 26, 1926 in Berlin) is a German stage and screen actor. Wolter appeared in nearly 220 films and television series in his over 60 years as a character actor.", "Q271075": "Jordan Lynne Pruitt (born May 19, 1991) is an American former singer-songwriter-producer living in Nashville, Tennessee. At age 13, after recording a demo EP with Keith Thomas in 2005, Pruitt was signed to Hollywood Records. She went on to tour with the likes of numerous other artists such as Demi Lovato, The Jonas Brothers, High School Musical, The Cheetah Girls, and The Plain White T\u2019s. She is writing her first book, AA:Abused Anonymous, a 12-step self-help book for those who have been abused. She is hoping to publish the book in 2020. She is also working on a charitable initiative called \"Safe Haven\", a private group based in Nashville for those who have suffered from sexual abuse and assault.Pruitt has released two albums, the debut, No Ordinary Girl (2007), followed by Permission to Fly (2008). Her debut single, \"Outside Looking In\", charted on the US Billboard 100 at number 77. She announced her retirement from music and Hollywood in 2017.", "Q1136829": "INSEAD is a graduate business school with locations in Europe (France), Asia (Singapore), the Middle East (Abu Dhabi), and North America (San Francisco). The name \"INSEAD\" originated as an acronym of Institut Europ\u00e9en d'Administration des Affaires (French for '\"European Institute of Business Administration\"').\nINSEAD offers a full-time MBA program, an Executive MBA (EMBA) program, a Master in Finance program, a PhD in management program, a Master in Management program and a variety of executive education programs.", "Q186445": "Who's Harry Crumb? is a 1989 American comedy-mystery film featuring John Candy as the title character. Paul Flaherty directed the film, which co-stars Annie Potts, Jeffrey Jones and Shawnee Smith. An uncredited cameo appearance is made by Jim Belushi. The story concerns the often incompetent, sometimes brilliant, private investigator Harry Crumb, who searches for a kidnapping victim.", "Q36368": "The Kurdish languages (Kurdish: \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc ,Kurd\u00ee\u200e; IPA: [\u02c8ku\u027edi\u02d0]) constitute a dialect continuum spoken by Kurds in Kurdistan and the Kurdish diaspora. The three Kurdish languages are Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji), Central Kurdish (Sorani), and Southern Kurdish (Palewani or Xwar\u00een). A separate group of non-Kurdish Northwestern Iranian languages, the Zaza\u2013Gorani languages, are also spoken by several million ethnic Kurds. Studies as of 2009 estimate between 8 and 20 million native Kurdish speakers in Turkey. Kurdish consists of two standard written forms; Kurmanji and Sorani. The majority of the Kurds speak Kurmanji.The classification of Laki as a sub-dialect of Southern Kurdish or as a fourth dialect of Kurdish is unsettled, but the differences between Laki and other Southern Kurdish dialects are minimal.The literary output in Kurdish was mostly confined to poetry until the early 20th century, when more general literature became developed. Today, the two principal written Kurdish dialects are Kurmanji and Sorani. Sorani is, along with Arabic, one of the two official languages of Iraq and is in political documents simply referred to as \"Kurdish\".", "Q1150574": "Wellington International Airport (formerly known as Rongotai Airport) (IATA: WLG, ICAO: NZWN) is an international airport located in the suburb of Rongotai in Wellington, the capital city of New Zealand. It lies 3 NM or 5.5 km south-east from the city centre. It is a hub for Air New Zealand and its subsidiaries. Wellington International Airport Limited, a joint venture between Infratil and the Wellington City Council, operates the airport.\nWellington is the third busiest airport in New Zealand (after Auckland and Christchurch) handling a total of 6,049,194 passengers in the year ending 31 March 2017. It is the second busiest airport in New Zealand for IFR movements (84,070 in 2013). Auckland is the busiest (105,403) with Christchurch third (68,764).The airport, in addition to linking many New Zealand destinations with national and regional carriers, also has links to major cities in eastern Australia. It is the home of some smaller general aviation businesses, including the Wellington Aero Club which operates from the general aviation area on the western side of the runway.\nThe airport comprises a small 110-hectare (270-acre) site on the Rongotai isthmus, a stretch of low-lying land between Wellington proper and the Miramar Peninsula. It operates a single 2,081-metre (6,827 ft) runway with ILS in both directions. The airport handles turboprop, narrow-body and wide-body jet aircraft movements. The airport is bordered by residential and commercial areas to the east and west, and by Wellington Harbour and Cook Strait to the north and south respectively.\nWellington has a reputation for sometimes rough and turbulent landings, even in larger aircraft, due to the channelling effect of Cook Strait creating strong and gusty winds, especially in pre frontal north westerly conditions.", "Q211781": "Free jazz is an approach to jazz that developed in the 1960s when musicians attempted to change or break down jazz conventions, such as regular tempos, tones, and chord changes. Musicians during this period believed that the bebop, hard bop, and modal jazz that had been played before them was too limiting. They became preoccupied with creating something new. Free jazz has often been combined with or substituted for the term \"avant-garde jazz\". Europeans tend to favor the term \"free improvisation\". Others have used \"modern jazz\", \"creative music\", and \"art music\".\nThe ambiguity of free jazz presents problems of definition. Although it is usually played by small groups or individuals, free jazz big bands have existed. Although musicians and critics claim it is innovative and forward looking, it draws on early styles of jazz and has been described as an attempt to return to primitive, often religious, roots. Although jazz is an American invention, free jazz musicians drew heavily from world music and ethnic music traditions from around the world. Sometimes they played foreign instruments, unusual instruments, or invented their own. They emphasized emotional intensity and sound for its own sake.", "Q67641": "Michael Verhoeven (born 13 July 1938) is a German film director.", "Q189776": "Zeno of Verona (Italian: Zenone da Verona; about 300 \u2013 371 or 380) was either an early Christian Bishop of Verona or a martyr. He is a saint in the Roman Catholic Church and in the Eastern Orthodox Church.", "Q78761": "Wilhelm Molterer (born 14 May 1955 in Steyr) is an Austrian politician who currently serves as the Managing Director of the European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI). Between 2011 and 2015 he was the Vice-President and member of the Management Committee of the European Investment Bank (EIB). Before joining the EIB, he was Member of the Austrian Parliament. He has been Vice Chancellor and Finance Minister of Austria and chairman of the conservative Austrian People's Party.", "Q2840": "Influenza, commonly known as \"the flu\", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. Symptoms can be mild to severe. The most common symptoms include: high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle and joint pain, headache, coughing, and feeling tired. These symptoms typically begin two days after exposure to the virus and most last less than a week. The cough, however, may last for more than two weeks. In children, there may be diarrhea and vomiting, but these are not common in adults. Diarrhea and vomiting occur more commonly in gastroenteritis, which is an unrelated disease and sometimes inaccurately referred to as \"stomach flu\" or the \"24-hour flu\". Complications of influenza may include viral pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, sinus infections, and worsening of previous health problems such as asthma or heart failure.Three of the four types of influenza viruses affect humans: Type A, Type B, and Type C. Type D has not been known to infect humans, but is believed to have the potential to do so. Usually, the virus is spread through the air from coughs or sneezes. This is believed to occur mostly over relatively short distances. It can also be spread by touching surfaces contaminated by the virus and then touching the eyes, nose, or mouth. A person may be infectious to others both before and during the time they are showing symptoms. The infection may be confirmed by testing the throat, sputum, or nose for the virus. A number of rapid tests are available; however, people may still have the infection even if the results are negative. A type of polymerase chain reaction that detects the virus's RNA is more accurate.Frequent hand washing reduces the risk of viral spread, as does wearing a surgical mask. Yearly vaccinations against influenza are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for those at high risk, and by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for those six months of age and older. The vaccine is usually effective against three or four types of influenza. It is usually well tolerated. A vaccine made for one year may not be useful in the following year, since the virus evolves rapidly. Antiviral medications such as the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir, among others, have been used to treat influenza. The benefit of antiviral medications in those who are otherwise healthy do not appear to be greater than their risks. No benefit has been found in those with other health problems.Influenza spreads around the world in yearly outbreaks, resulting in about three to five million cases of severe illness and about 290,000 to 650,000 deaths. About 20% of unvaccinated children and 10% of unvaccinated adults are infected each year. In the northern and southern parts of the world, outbreaks occur mainly in the winter, while around the equator, outbreaks may occur at any time of the year. Death occurs mostly in high risk groups\u2014the young, the old, and those with other health problems. Larger outbreaks known as pandemics are less frequent. In the 20th century, three influenza pandemics occurred: Spanish influenza in 1918 (17\u2013100 million deaths), Asian influenza in 1957 (two million deaths), and Hong Kong influenza in 1968 (one million deaths). The World Health Organization declared an outbreak of a new type of influenza A/H1N1 to be a pandemic in June 2009. Influenza may also affect other animals, including pigs, horses, and birds.", "Q187983": "Andrew Frank Schoeppel (November 23, 1894 \u2013 January 21, 1962) was an American politician and a member of the Republican Party. He was the 29th Governor of Kansas from 1943 to 1947 and a U.S. Senator from 1949 until his death. He was born in 1894 in Claflin, Kansas and died in 1962 of abdominal cancer at the National Naval Medical Center at Bethesda, Maryland.", "Q273662": "Shalom Harlow (born December 5, 1973) is a Canadian supermodel and actress. \nShe gained prominence as a fashion model in the early 1990s, and went on to appear on six American Vogue covers between 1993 and 1997. She has appeared in advertisements and on runways for fashion houses such as Alexander McQueen, Chanel, Marc Jacobs, Salvatore Ferragamo and Versace. \nShe is considered an \"anti-supermodel\", and hosted MTV's House of Style alongside her friend and fellow model Amber Valletta. She has appeared in films such as In & Out (1997) and How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days (2003). \nIn 2007, she was listed by Forbes as thirteenth in the list of the World's 15 Top-Earning Supermodels.", "Q2373651": "Sydney Herbert Allard (19 June 1910 \u2013 12 April 1966) was the founder of the Allard car company and a successful rally driver and hillclimb driver in cars of his own manufacture.", "Q214821": "Gilad Shalit (\u05d2\u05dc\u05e2\u05d3 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8 , Gil\u02c1ad \u0160ali\u1e6d, born 28 August 1986) is a former MIA soldier of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) who on 25 June 2006, was captured by Hamas militants in a cross-border raid via tunnels near the Israeli border. Hamas held him captive for over five years, until his release on 18 October 2011 as part of a prisoner exchange deal.\nDuring his captivity, Hamas turned down requests from the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to be allowed to visit Shalit, claiming that any such visit could betray his location. Multiple human rights organizations criticized this stance, claiming that the conditions of Shalit's confinement were contrary to international humanitarian law. The Red Cross insisted, \"The Shalit family have the right under international humanitarian law to be in contact with their son\". The only communication in the early months came through an intermediary, who claimed that a low-ranking Hamas official, Ghazi Hamad, asked him to convey to Shalit's parents assurance that Shalit was \"alive and was treated according to Islam's laws regarding prisoners of war, in other words, he had been given shelter, food and medical care.\"\nThe United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict called for Shalit's release in its September 2009 report. In its 27 May 2011 Deauville Declaration, the G8 demanded Shalit's release.Shalit's capture has been deemed a kidnapping and abduction by many sources. He was not granted any visits from the Red Cross and was not allowed to communicate with family members (to which he is entitled as a captured soldier under the Geneva Conventions), and a ransom, even if not of a monetary nature, was demanded for his return. The only contact between Shalit and the outside world after his capture and before his release were three letters, an audio tape, and a DVD that Israel received in return for releasing 20 female Palestinian prisoners.Shalit was captured near the Kerem Shalom crossing in Israel, and held by Hamas as a hostage at an unknown location in the Gaza Strip. Hamas' initial demands of releasing of all female and underage Palestinians as well as Marwan Barghouti were not met. On 18 October 2011, he was released in a deal that secured his freedom after more than five years in isolation and captivity, in exchange for 1,027 Palestinian prisoners, including some convicted of multiple murders and carrying out attacks against Israeli civilians (according to Israeli government sources, the prisoners released were collectively responsible for 569 Israeli deaths).Shalit was the first Israeli soldier captured by Palestinian militants since Nachshon Wachsman in 1994. Shalit, having a rank of Corporal in the IDF's Armor Corps at the time of his capture, was promoted to Staff Sergeant, Sergeant First Class, and then Sergeant Major on the eve of his release.", "Q119403": "Levi Herzfeld (27 December 1810, Ellrich \u2013 11 March 1884, Brunswick) was a German rabbi and historian.", "Q1391": "Maryland (US: (listen) MERR-\u0259-l\u0259nd) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the eastern United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state's largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State. It is named after the English queen Henrietta Maria, known in England as Queen Mary, who was the wife of King Charles I.Sixteen of Maryland's twenty-three counties, as well as the city of Baltimore, border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries, which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline. Although one of the smallest states in the U.S., it features a variety of climates and topographical features that have earned it the moniker of America in Miniature. In a similar vein, Maryland's geography, culture, and history combine elements of the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, and South Atlantic regions of the country.\nBefore its coastline was explored by Europeans in the 16th century, Maryland was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans, mostly by the Algonquin, and to a lesser degree by the Iroquois and Sioux. As one of the original Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain, Maryland was founded by George Calvert, a Catholic convert who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England. In 1632, Charles I of England granted Calvert a colonial charter, naming the colony after his wife, Queen Mary (Henrietta Maria of France). Unlike the Pilgrims and Puritans, who rejected Catholicism in their settlements, Calvert envisioned a colony where people of different religious sects would coexist under the principle of toleration. Accordingly, in 1649 the Maryland General Assembly passed an Act Concerning Religion, which enshrined this principle by penalizing anyone who \"reproached\" a fellow Marylander based on religious affiliation. Nevertheless, religious strife was common in the early years, and Catholics remained a minority, albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony.\nMaryland's early settlements and population centers clustered around rivers and other waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. Its economy was heavily plantation-based, centered mostly on the cultivation of tobacco. The need for cheap labor led to a rapid expansion of indentured servants, penal labor, and African slaves. In 1760, Maryland's current boundaries took form following the settlement of a long-running border dispute with Pennsylvania. Maryland was an active participant in the events leading up to the American Revolution, and by 1776 its delegates signed the Declaration of Independence. Many of its citizens subsequently played key political and military roles in the war. In 1790, the state ceded land for the establishment of the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C.\nAlthough then a slave state, Maryland remained in the Union during the American Civil War, its strategic location giving it a significant role in the conflict. After the war, Maryland took part in the Industrial Revolution, driven by its seaports, railroad networks, and mass immigration from Europe. Since the Second World War, the state's population has grown rapidly, to approximately six million residents, and it is among the most densely populated U.S. states. As of 2015, Maryland had the highest median household income of any state, owing in large part to its close proximity to Washington, D.C. and a highly diversified economy spanning manufacturing, services, higher education, and biotechnology. The state's central role in U.S. history is reflected by its hosting of some of the highest numbers of historic landmarks per capita.", "Q275213": "Soile Marja Isokoski (born February 14, 1957) is a Finnish lyric soprano. She is an opera singer as well as a concert and lieder singer.", "Q1851014": "The Ural State University (Russian: \u0423\u0440\u00e1\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u00e1\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u00e9\u0442 \u0438\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0410.\u041c. \u0413\u00f3\u0440\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, Ur\u00e1l'skiy gosud\u00e1rstvennyy universit\u00e9t \u00edmeni A. M. G\u00f3r'kogo, often shortened to USU, \u0423\u0440\u0413\u0423) is located in the city of Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russian Federation. Founded in 1920, it was an exclusive educational establishment made of several institutes (educational and scientific divisions) which later became independent universities and schools.\nEstablished in 1936 the University was named after one of its founders, Russian author Maxim Gorky. It is the second oldest University in the Middle Urals (the oldest being Urals State University of Mines) and one of the most prestigious universities in Russia; preparing research, educational and managerial elite on the basis of the integration of academic process and scientific research. It offers education in dozens of scientific and educational fields including 53 graduate programs. \nIn 2007 Dmitriy Bugrov was elected new rector, while the incumbent Vladimir Tretyakov took the office of the President, representing the University in international affairs.\nThe USU is organized into 95 chairs and 14 departments. These are Biology, Journalism, Culturology & Arts, History, Mathematics and Mechanics, Politology and Sociology, Psychology, Physics, Philology, Philosophy, Public relations, Chemistry, Foreign affairs, and Economics. Among the University's faculty there are 18 academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences.\nThe University also has a Lyceum, the Leonardo Italian College, an Institute of Physics and Applied Mathematics, an Interregional Institute of Social Sciences, the Russian-American Institute of Economy and Business, the Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship, a distance education center, the Russian Culture Institute, an observatory, a botanical garden, a scientific library with over 1,200,000 volumes, a publishing house, several museums, a special chair of Russian as foreign language, a laboratory for e-learning of foreign languages, and offers refresher courses and Institutes for Further Education and Training.\nEvery year the Ural State University hosts the Demidov Lectures - a series of lectures given by the Demidov Prize winners.\nSince 2010, the University has been The Ural Federal university after Boris Yeltsin. It was caused by the Russian Federation's President's decree #1172 from 21.10.2010. The University is now joint with The Ural State Technical University.", "Q1771939": "Ole Paus (born 9 February 1947; full name Ole Christian Paus) is a Norwegian troubadour in the Swedish-Norwegian ballad tradition, an author, a poet, and an actor. He is widely considered one of Norway's most popular singer-songwriters. He has been described as the Norwegian counterpart of Bob Dylan and as the \"voice of the nation.\"", "Q80964": "Palmeiras (Portuguese pronunciation: [paw\u02c8mej\u027e\u0250s]) is a Brazilian professional football club based in the city of S\u00e3o Paulo.\nFounded on 26 August 1914, as Palestra Italia (pronounced [pa\u02ccl\u025bst\u027ei\u02c8tali\u0250]), but changed to the current name on 14 September 14, 1942. It is a popular and successful Brazilian club, with around 18 million supporters and 126,000 affiliated fans, including many Brazilians of Italian ancestry. Despite being primarily an association football team, Palmeiras competes in a number of different sports, most notably football. The football team plays in the Campeonato Paulista, the state of S\u00e3o Paulo's premier state league, as well as in the Brasileir\u00e3o S\u00e9rie A, the top tier of the Brazilian football league system.\nPalmeiras have won 14 national competitions, making it the most successful club inside Brazil. The club's most important titles are the 1951 Copa Rio international tournament, 1999 Copa Libertadores, 10 Brazilian National League titles (Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A), 2 Brasileir\u00e3o S\u00e9rie B, 3 Brazil Cups (Copa do Brasil), 1 Champions Cup (Copa dos Campe\u00f5es) and the 1998 Copa Mercosul, as well as 5 Interstate titles (Torneio Rio \u2013 S\u00e3o Paulo), and 22 State Championship titles (Campeonato Paulista).", "Q45386": "Invasion of the Body Snatchers is a 1956 American science fiction horror film produced by Walter Wanger, directed by Don Siegel, that stars Kevin McCarthy and Dana Wynter. The black-and-white film, shot in Superscope, was partially done in a film noir style. Daniel Mainwaring adapted the screenplay from Jack Finney's 1954 science fiction novel The Body Snatchers. The film was released by Allied Artists Pictures as a double feature with the British science fiction film The Atomic Man (and in some areas with Indestructible Man).The film's storyline concerns an extraterrestrial invasion that begins in the fictional California town of Santa Mira. Alien plant spores have fallen from space and grown into large seed pods, each one capable of reproducing a duplicate replacement copy of each human. As each pod reaches full development, it assimilates the physical characteristics, memories, and personalities of each sleeping person placed near it; these duplicates, however, are devoid of all human emotion. Little by little, a local doctor uncovers this \"quiet\" invasion and attempts to stop it.\nThe slang expression \"pod people\" that arose in late 20th century American culture references the emotionless duplicates seen in the film. Invasion of the Body Snatchers was selected in 1994 for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"", "Q1199774": "Westwood is a commercial and residential neighborhood in the northern central portion of the Westside region of Los Angeles, California. It is the home of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).\n\nThe 2000 census found the approximately 47,000 people living in the neighborhood were generally young and moderately diverse ethnically, with a generally high level of income and education.\nThe neighborhood was developed after 1919, and a new campus of the University of California opened in 1926. Other attractions include Westwood Village, with its historic motion picture theaters, restaurants and shopping, Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery and the Hammer Museum. Holmby Hills is considered one of the wealthiest residential areas in Los Angeles, and the Geffen Playhouse attracts theater-goers. A prominent Mormon temple is also in the area.", "Q55195": "Vsevolod Illarionovich Pudovkin (Russian: \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434 \u0418\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438\u043d, IPA: [\u02c8fs\u02b2ev\u0259l\u0259t \u026al\u0259r\u02b2\u026a\u02c8on\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0361\u0255 p\u028a\u02c8dofk\u02b2\u026an]; 16 February 1893 \u2013 30 June 1953) was a Russian and Soviet film director, screenwriter and actor who developed influential theories of montage. Pudovkin's masterpieces are often contrasted with those of his contemporary Sergei Eisenstein, but whereas Eisenstein utilized montage to glorify the power of the masses, Pudovkin preferred to concentrate on the courage and resilience of individuals. He was granted the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1948.", "Q814981": "Bejun Mehta (born June 29, 1968) is an American countertenor. He has been awarded the Echo Klassik, the Gramophone Award, Le Diamant d\u2019Opera Magazine, the Choc de Classica, the Traetta Prize, and been nominated for the Grammy Award, the Laurence Olivier Award, and the Preis der Deutschen Schallplattenkritik. Writing in the S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung, Michael Stallknecht called him \"arguably the best counter tenor in the world today.\"", "Q460323": "Lois Duncan Steinmetz (April 28, 1934 \u2013 June 15, 2016), known as Lois Duncan, was an American writer, novelist, poet, and journalist. She is best known for her young-adult novels, and has been credited by historians as a pioneering figure in the development of young adult fiction, particularly in the genres of horror, thriller, and suspense.The daughter of professional photographers Lois and Joseph Janney Steinmetz, Duncan began writing at a young age, publishing two early novels under the pen name Lois Kerry. Several of her novels, including Hotel for Dogs (1971), I Know What You Did Last Summer (1973), Summer of Fear (1976), and the controversial Killing Mr. Griffin (1978), have been adapted into films.\nIn addition to her novels and children's books, Duncan published several collections of poetry and non-fiction, including Who Killed My Daughter? (1992), which detailed the 1989 unsolved murder of Duncan's teenage daughter, Kaitlyn. She received the 1992 Margaret Edwards Award from the American Library Association for her contribution to writing for teens. After her daughter's murder, Duncan would distance herself from the thriller and horror genres, shifting her focus to picture books and novels aimed for young children. Her last published work, a sequel to Who Killed My Daughter? titled One to the Wolves, was published in 2013.\n\n", "Q62739": "Christian Zacharias (born 27 April 1950 in Jamshedpur) is a German pianist and conductor.", "Q75523": "Adolf Karl Heinrich Slaby (18 April 1849 \u2013 6 April 1913) was a German electronics pioneer and the first Professor of electro-technology at the Technical University of Berlin (1886).", "Q193048": "Laurence John Fishburne III (born July 30, 1961) is an American actor, playwright, producer, screenwriter, and film director. He is known for playing Morpheus in The Matrix trilogy, Jason \"Furious\" Styles in the 1991 drama film Boyz n the Hood, Tyrone \"Mr. Clean\" Miller in the 1979 war film Apocalypse Now, and most recently \"The Bowery King\" in the John Wick film series.\nFor his portrayal of Ike Turner in What's Love Got to Do With It, Fishburne was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor. He won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performance in Two Trains Running (1992), and an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series for his performance in TriBeCa (1993). Fishburne became the first African American to portray Othello in a motion picture by a major studio when he appeared in Oliver Parker's 1995 film adaptation of the Shakespeare play.\nFishburne starred in several cult classics, including Deep Cover and King of New York. From 2008 to 2011, he starred as Dr. Raymond Langston on the CBS crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and from 2013 to 2015 starred as Special Agent Jack Crawford in the NBC thriller series Hannibal. In 2013, he portrayed Perry White in the Zack Snyder-directed Superman reboot Man of Steel and in 2016 reprised his role in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice as part of the DC Extended Universe. Fishburne played Bill Foster in the film Ant-Man and the Wasp, released in 2018 as part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe.", "Q704609": "F\u00e9lix Candela Outeri\u00f1o (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8feliks kan\u02c8dela oute\u02c8\u027ei\u0272o]; January 27, 1910 \u2013 December 7, 1997) was a Spanish and Mexican architect who was born in Madrid and at the age of 26, emigrated to Mexico, acquiring double nationality.\nHe is known for his significant role in the development of Mexican architecture and structural engineering. Candela\u2019s major contribution to architecture was the development of thin shells made out of reinforced concrete, popularly known as cascarones.\nHe was one of Santiago Calatrava's teachers, and has had a great influence on his works.", "Q65730": "G\u00f6tz Haydar Aly (German: [\u02c8\u0261\u0153ts \u02c8\u0294a\u02d0li\u02d0]; born May 3, 1947) is a German journalist, historian and political scientist.", "Q275575": "Mildred Virginia Jackson (born July 15, 1944) is an American R&B and soul singer-songwriter and former model. Beginning her career in the early 1960s, three of Jackson's albums have been certified gold by the RIAA for over 500,000 copies. Jackson vocal performances are often distinguished by long, humorous, and explicit spoken sections in her music, which she started doing on stage to get the attention of the audience. She recorded songs in a disco or dance music style and occasionally in a country style.Occasionally, Jackson refers to herself as other have toted as the \"mother of hip-hop,\" or of rapping itself. According to the cataloguing site WhoSampled.com, her songs have appeared in 189 samples, 51 covers, and six remixes revealing the appeal of her proto-typical rapping style of delivery.\nSince she always enjoyed writing poems, in the early '70s Jackson began crafting such proto-rap R&B singles as the outspoken \"A Child of God (It's Hard To Believe).\"", "Q89798": "Theodore Illion or Theodor Illion (1898 in Canada (?) \u2013 September 4, 1984 in Hallein in the state of Salzburg), is a writer of travel books who claimed to have visited Tibet in the 1930s and discovered an underground city there. He published his Tibetan adventures under that name but later resorted to the pseudonyms Theodore Burang or Theodor Burang and more rarely Theodor Nolling to write various books and articles on Tibetan medicine.", "Q53282": "Werner Faymann (German: [\u02c8v\u025b\u0250\u032fn\u0250 \u02c8fa\u026aman]; born 4 May 1960) is a former Austrian politician who was Chancellor of Austria and chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SP\u00d6) from 2008 to 2016. On 9 May 2016, Faymann resigned from both positions amid widening criticism within his party.", "Q96860": "Ursula Engelen-Kefer (born 20 June 1943 in Prague) held the position of Deputy Chairman of the German Confederation of Trade Unions (Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund; DGB) from 1990 to 2006. She is now a lecturer at the German Federal Employment Agency\u2019s special training school Hochschule der Bundesagentur f\u00fcr Arbeit in Schwerin. She also teaches at the Free University of Berlin and chairs the Social Policy Working Group of the non-government organization Sozialverband Deutschland. From 1986 to 2009, Ursula Engelen-Kefer belonged to the 45-member \u201eExecutive Committee\u201c of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). She was chosen by the district of Ingolstadt, Eichst\u00e4tt and Neuburg-Schrobenhausen to be its direct SPD candidate for the Bundestag in the last federal election (on September 27, 2009). In July 2009 she was elected as member of the \"Executive Committee\" of the Social Democratic Party in Bavaria.", "Q137098": "Grace of Monaco is a 2014 internationally co-produced biographical drama film directed by Olivier Dahan and written by Arash Amel. The film stars Nicole Kidman in the titular role as Grace Kelly. It also features a supporting cast of Frank Langella, Parker Posey, Derek Jacobi, Paz Vega, Roger Ashton-Griffiths, Milo Ventimiglia, and Tim Roth.First scheduled for release at the end of November 2013, the film was then rescheduled for March 14, 2014, until being pulled from the release schedule indefinitely. It opened the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, playing out of competition. It was released to cinemas in some countries in 2014, but bypassed a theatrical release in the US and ultimately debuted on the Lifetime cable network on May 25, 2015.", "Q117348": "Philippe Monnier (2 November 1864 \u2013 21 July 1911) was a Swiss writer in the French language.", "Q982049": "Jean-Pierre Thiollet (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303pj\u025b\u0281 tj\u0254l\u025b]; born 9 December 1956) is a French writer and journalist.\nUsually living in Paris, he is the author of numerous books and one of the national leaders of the European Confederation of Independent Trade Unions (CEDI), a European employers' organization.", "Q179491": "Paul Peytral (January 20, 1842 \u2013 November 30, 1919) was a French politician of the French Third Republic.", "Q21654814": "3776 (pronounced Minanaro) is a Japanese idol group themed after Mount Fuji, Japan's tallest mountain. The name is derived from the height of the mountain: 3,776 meters.\nThe group has received critical acclaim for their musicianship and DIY ethos.", "Q4639153": "4th & B'way Records (pronounced and spelled out completely as Fourth and Broadway Records in the UK) is a US-based subsidiary of Island Records that specialised in street-oriented music such as hip hop. Established in 1984, it was the flagship label of the Island Trading Company, the independent-distribution parent company of Island's other record labels that operated in the US. However, 4th & B'way was not distributed through major-label channels\u2014the flagship Island label was distributed by Atlantic Records at that time\u2014until the label and distribution company were acquired by PolyGram Records in 1989, when Island Trading became a unit of PolyGram Group Distribution and was renamed Independent Label Sales (ILS). It was also one of several US-based Island labels that were named after nearby New York City streets when Island's US headquarters were located at 14 East 4th Street in Manhattan, the same building that held the legendary Greenwich Village branch of Tower Records, and also nearby at 400 Lafayette Street. When Island moved its headquarters to the Worldwide Plaza Building at 825 8th Avenue in 1995, where PolyGram's US headquarters were also located, the empty 4th Street offices became the headquarters of V2 Records.\nIn the UK, Fourth and Broadway was established in 1992, and it had a roster different from its American version, although it did release titles from its American cousin and vice versa. 4th & B'way was shut down in 1998, shortly after Chris Blackwell left Island Records, and before the merger of the PolyGram and MCA label families that became Universal Music Group. 4th & B'way's remaining hip hop artists would be transferred to Def Jam Recordings.\"Pump Up the Volume\" by MARRS was distributed by 4th & B'way in the US. Other notable artists included Eric B and Rakim and Noel.\nOn April 12, 2013, The Island Def Jam Music Group reactivated the label as a dance-oriented imprint with Cazzette as its first artist on the reactivated imprint, and has also signed Route 94, Kiesza, and Loote", "Q167877": "Michael James Jackson (27 March 1942 \u2013 30 August 2007) was an English writer and journalist. He was the author of many influential books about beer and whisky. He was a regular contributor to a number of British broadsheets, particularly The Independent and The Observer.Jackson's books have sold over three million copies worldwide and have been translated into eighteen different languages. He is credited with helping to start a renaissance of interest in beer and breweries worldwide in the 1970s, particularly in the United States. He is also widely credited with popularising the idea of beer styles. His influential television series The Beer Hunter was shown in fifteen different countries.He was as well-versed in malt whisky as he was in beer, and his book Michael Jackson's Malt Whisky Companion (1989) is the best-selling book on the subject in the world.At the time of his death Jackson had been suffering from Parkinson's disease for at least a decade. He did not declare his illness until his symptoms caused some to think he was drunk.", "Q241808": "Huntington is a city in Cabell and Wayne Counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It is the county seat of Cabell County, and largest city in the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, sometimes referred to as the Tri-State Area. A historic and bustling city of commerce and heavy industry, Huntington has benefited from its location on the Ohio River at the mouth of the Guyandotte River. It is home to the Port of Huntington Tri-State, the second-busiest inland port in the United States.Surrounded by extensive natural resources, the industrial sector is based in coal, oil, chemicals and steel, all of which support Huntington's diversified economy. The city is a vital rail-to-river transfer point for the marine transportation industry. Also, it is considered a scenic locale in the western foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. This location was selected by Collis Potter Huntington as ideal for the western terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, the predecessor of what would become CSX Transportation which still operates CSX Transportation-Huntington Division in the city to date.\nThe railroad founded Huntington as one of the nation's first planned communities to facilitate the railroad and other transportation-related industries at the railway's western terminus. The site, previously a collection of agricultural homesteads, developed fast after the railroad's completion in 1871 and is eponymously named for the railroad company's founder Collis Potter Huntington. The first identifiable permanent settlement, Holderby's Landing, was founded in 1775 in the Colony of Virginia. With the exception of the neighborhoods of Westmoreland and Spring Valley, most of the city is in Cabell County.As of the 2010 census, the metropolitan area is the largest in West Virginia. It spans seven counties across three states, with a population of 365,419. Huntington is the second-largest city in West Virginia, with a population of 49,138 at the 2010 census.\nThe city is the home of Marshall University as well as the Huntington Museum of Art; the Big Sandy Superstore Arena; the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Huntington District); the Collis P. Huntington Historical Society and Railroad Museum; Camden Park, one of the world's oldest amusement parks; the headquarters of the CSX Transportation-Huntington Division, the largest division in the CSX network; the Special Metals Plant; and the Port of Huntington Tri-State, the largest river port in the United States.\nThe largest employers are Marshall University, Cabell Huntington Hospital, St. Mary's Medical Center, CSX Transportation, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Amazon, DirecTV, and the City of Huntington.", "Q78007": "Konrad Dannenberg (August 5, 1912 \u2013 February 16, 2009) was a German-American rocket pioneer and member of the German rocket team brought to the United States after World War II.", "Q1638493": "Huron County is a county of the province of Ontario, Canada. It is located on the southeast shore of its namesake, Lake Huron, in the southwest part of the province. The county seat is Goderich, also the county's largest community.\nThe population reported in the 2016 Census for this predominantly agricultural area with many villages and small towns was 59,297 in a land area of 3,399 square kilometers. Of the total population, 7,628 reside in Goderich.\n\n", "Q186323": "Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan, more commonly known simply as Borat, is a 2006 comedy film directed by Larry Charles as well as co-written and produced by Sacha Baron Cohen. Baron Cohen stars as Borat Sagdiyev, a fictitious Kazakh journalist who travels through the United States to make a documentary which features real-life interactions with Americans. Much of the film features unscripted vignettes of Borat interviewing and interacting with real-life Americans who believe he is a foreigner with little or no understanding of American customs. It is the second of three films built around Baron Cohen's characters from Da Ali G Show (2000\u201304): the first, Ali G Indahouse, was released in 2002, and featured a cameo by Borat, and the third, Br\u00fcno, was released in 2009. The film is produced by Baron Cohen's production company, Four By Two Productions.\nThe film was very well received, both critically and commercially; made for $18 million, it earned $262 million worldwide. Baron Cohen won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy, as Borat, while the film was nominated for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy in the same category. Borat was also nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 79th Academy Awards.\nControversy surrounded the film from two years prior to its release, and after the film's release, some cast members spoke against, and even sued its creators. It was banned in almost all Arab countries, and the governments of Russia and Kazakhstan discouraged cinemas from showing it. It was released on DVD in March 2007.\n\n", "Q434014": "Marco St. John (born May 7, 1939) is an American actor who has appeared in films and television programs. He is known for his role as the perverted truck driver in the 1991 film Thelma & Louise and for playing Sheriff Tucker in the 1985 horror film Friday the 13th: A New Beginning.\nSt. John was born Marco John Figueroa, Jr. in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Iris (n\u00e9e Davidson) and Marco Juan Figueroa, Sr. He has had many TV roles, starred in many TV-films and had roles on soap operas. He starred on Search for Tomorrow in 1975 as Joey Kimball, as Paul Stewart in 1969-70 on As the World Turns and in All My Children.\nSt. John made guest appearances on TV programs such as Naked City, Route 66, Bonanza, Gunsmoke and Walker, Texas Ranger. \nAs of May 2016, St. John was living on the Gulf Coast, in Ocean Springs, Mississippi.", "Q105994": "Patrick S\u00fcskind (born 26 March 1949) is a German writer and screenwriter, known best for his novel Perfume: The Story of a Murderer, first published in 1985.\n\n", "Q955077": "Marlon Troy Riggs (February 3, 1957 \u2013 April 5, 1994) was an American filmmaker, educator (professor), poet, and gay rights activist. He produced, wrote, and directed several documentary films, including Ethnic Notions, Tongues Untied, Color Adjustment, and Black is... Black Ain't. Riggs created aesthetically innovative and socially provocative films that examine past and present representations of race and sexuality in America. The Marlon Riggs Collection is now housed at Stanford University Libraries.", "Q7766675": "The Stories of Ibis (\u30a2\u30a4\u306e\u7269\u8a9e, Ai no Monogatari) is a Japanese science-fiction light novel by Hiroshi Yamamoto (\u5c71\u672c \u5f18) and translated by Takami Nieda. Yamamoto considered this to be an easier read than his earlier science fiction novel 'God Never Keeps Silent' because of its \"light novel touch\".\nThe light novel was published in Japanese by Kadokawa Shoten and in English by Viz Media under their 'Haikasoru' imprint.\nThe Stories of Ibis is told through a collection of short stories. All but two had been previously published. The two that Yamamoto wrote for the novel were 'The Day Shion Came' and 'AI's Story'. This is similar to The Illustrated Man by Ray Bradbury. Yamamoto drew from Bradbury's idea of short stories that were loosely connected. He represented this influence in the novel by giving Ibis a facial tattoo.", "Q5849": "Rugby union, widely known simply as rugby, is a full contact team sport that originated in England in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is played between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field called a pitch. The field has H-shaped goalposts at both ends.\nRugby union is a popular sport around the world, played by male and female players of all ages. Rules do not differ between the sexes. In 2014, there were more than 6 million people playing worldwide, of whom 2.36 million were registered players. World Rugby, previously called the International Rugby Football Board (IRFB) and the International Rugby Board (IRB), has been the governing body for rugby union since 1886, and currently has 101 countries as full members and 18 associate members.\nIn 1845, the first football laws were written by pupils at Rugby School; other significant events in the early development of rugby include the decision by Blackheath F.C. to leave the Football Association in 1863 and, in 1895, the acrimonious split between the then amateur rugby union and the professional rugby league. Historically rugby union was an amateur sport, but in 1995 formal restrictions on payments to players were removed, making the game openly professional at the highest level for the first time.Rugby union spread from the Home Nations of Great Britain and Ireland and was embraced by many of the countries associated with the British Empire. Early exponents of the sport included Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and France. Countries that have adopted rugby union as their de facto national sport include Fiji, Georgia, Madagascar, New Zealand, Samoa, and Tonga.\nInternational matches have taken place since 1871 when the first game was played between Scotland and England at Raeburn Place in Edinburgh. The Rugby World Cup, first held in 1987, is contested every four years. The Six Nations Championship in Europe and The Rugby Championship in the Southern Hemisphere are other major international competitions that are held annually.\nNational club and provincial competitions include the Premiership in England, the Top 14 in France, the Mitre 10 Cup in New Zealand, the National Rugby Championship in Australia, and the Currie Cup in South Africa. Other transnational club competitions include the European Rugby Champions Cup, the Pro14 in Europe and South Africa, and Super Rugby in the Southern Hemisphere and Japan.", "Q189010": "A notary is a person authorised to perform acts in legal affairs, in particular witnessing signatures on documents. The form that the notarial profession takes varies with local legal systems.", "Q303391": "Scandal is a 1989 British drama film, a fictionalised account of the Profumo affair that rocked the government of British prime minister Harold Macmillan. It stars Joanne Whalley as Christine Keeler and John Hurt as Stephen Ward, personalities at the heart of the affair.\nThe film was screened in competition at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. The theme song \"Nothing Has Been Proved\" was written and produced by Pet Shop Boys and sung by Dusty Springfield.", "Q4231920": "Robert Vadra is an Indian businessman, entrepreneur and the husband of Priyanka Gandhi. He is the son-in-law of Sonia Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi, and the brother-in-law of Rahul Gandhi.\n\n", "Q1384789": "Count Gustaf Archibald Siegwart Douglas (born 3 March 1938) is a Swedish aristocrat, billionaire businessman, and politician. He has been a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences since 2007.\n\n", "Q51495": "William Wyler (; born Willi Wyler (German: [\u02c8v\u026al\u026a \u02c8vi:l\u0250]); July 1, 1902 \u2013 July 27, 1981) was an American film director, producer and screenwriter. Notable works include Ben-Hur (1959), The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), and Mrs. Miniver (1942), all of which won Academy Awards for Best Director, as well as Best Picture in their respective years, making him the only director of three Best Picture winners as of 2019. Wyler received his first Oscar nomination for directing Dodsworth in 1936, starring Walter Huston, Ruth Chatterton and Mary Astor, \"sparking a 20-year run of almost unbroken greatness.\"Film historian Ian Freer calls Wyler a \"bona fide perfectionist\", whose penchant for retakes and an attempt to hone every last nuance, \"became the stuff of legend.\" His ability to direct a string of classic literary adaptations into huge box-office and critical successes made him one of \"Hollywood's most bankable moviemakers\" during the 1930s and 1940s and into the '60s. Through his talent for staging, editing, and camera movement, he turned dynamic theatrical spaces into cinematic ones.He helped propel a number of actors to stardom, finding and directing Audrey Hepburn in her Hollywood debut film, Roman Holiday (1953), and directing Barbra Streisand in her debut film, Funny Girl (1968). Both of these performances won Academy Awards. He directed Olivia de Havilland to her second Oscar in The Heiress (1949) and Laurence Olivier in Wuthering Heights (1939), for his first Oscar nomination. Olivier credited Wyler with teaching him how to act for the screen. And Bette Davis, who received three Oscar nominations under his direction and won her second Oscar in Jezebel (1938), said Wyler made her a \"far, far better actress\" than she had ever been.\nOther popular Wyler films include: Hell's Heroes (1929), Dodsworth (1936), The Westerner (1940), The Letter (1940), Friendly Persuasion (1956), The Big Country (1958), The Children's Hour (1961) and How to Steal a Million (1966).\n\n", "Q66239": "Marta Hillers (Krefeld May 26, 1911 \u2013Basel June 16, 2001) was a German journalist, and the author of the memoir, Eine Frau in Berlin (A Woman in Berlin), published anonymously in 1959 and 2003 in German. It is the diary of a German woman from 20 April to 22 June 1945, during and after the Battle of Berlin. The book details the author's rape, in the context of mass rape by the occupying forces, and how she and many other German women chose to take a Soviet officer as a protector.\nThe book was first published in English in 1954 in the United States. When it was published in Germany in 1959, the author was accused of \"besmirching the honor of German women.\" Hillers refused to have another edition published in her lifetime. Having married and moved to Switzerland, Hillers left journalism and did not publish another major work. She died in 2001.\nA new edition of her book was published posthumously in Germany in 2003, again anonymously. It met wide critical acclaim and was on the bestseller list for weeks. A controversy broke out when a literary editor revealed the author as Hillers. No one else has been suggested. New English editions were published in the United Kingdom and the United States in 2005, as well as in seven other languages. The book was adapted as a film and released first in 2008 in Germany and Poland. In the United States it is known as A Woman in Berlin.", "Q771296": "Auktyon (Russian: \u0410\u0443\u043a\u0446\u042b\u043e\u043d, pronounced [\u0250\u028akts\u0268\u02c8on]) is a Russian alternative rock band from Saint Petersburg.\nThe band was founded by Leonid Fyodorov and Oleg Garkusha at the Polytechnic Institute of Leningrad. Though they originally played post-punk and new wave, the group came to be influenced by European and Central Asian folk music, avant-garde jazz, the poetry of Russian futurist Velimir Khlebnikov, and aspects of Russian high culture and literature.Auktyon was particularly popular from 1987 through 1995, but became less active in the late 1990s when Fyodorov began to produce records for Leningrad. The group continues to play together and to release new albums. They toured the United States in 2006 in support of their first US release, the album Pioneer. The group returned to the US in 2008 when they released the album Girls Sing.", "Q3659600": "Carlo Maserati (1881 in Voghera \u2013 1910) was an Italian bicycle and automotive engineer, and the eldest of the Maserati Brothers.His engineering career started in a bicycle factory in Affori, near Milan, where he developed a one-cylinder internal combustion engine for motorized bicycles. The engine went into production at Marquis Michele Carcano di Anzano del Parcos factory, using a leather strap as transmission. Carlo was engaged as a racer of these bicycles, winning the Brescia-Orzinouvi (1899), Brescia-Cremona-Mantua-Verona-Brescia and Padova-Bovolenta (1900).Carcanos factory ended in 1901, and Carlo worked as test driver for Fiat (1901\u20131903), then as test driver and mechanic at Isotta Fraschini (1903) where he was joined by brother Alfieri Maserati. He moved to work on automobiles for Bianchi (motorcycles) (1907), where he raced the Coppa Florio (9th) and the Kaiserpreis, before becoming manager of the Junior car company (1908). At Junior, he hired his brother Ettore Maserati. Carlo died of tuberculosis (1910) and his brothers established Maserati in Bologna (1914).", "Q547788": "Embryo is a musical collective from Munich which has been active since 1969, although its story started in the mid-1950s in Hof where Christian Burchard and Dieter Serfas met for the first time at the age of 10. It was one of the most important German jazz-rock bands during the 1970s and has also been described as \"the most eclectic of the Krautrock bands.\"", "Q62077": "Theodor \"Theo\" Waigel (born 22 April 1939) is a German politician of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU).\nWaigel is a lawyer, and earned a doctorate in 1967. He was a member of the Bundestag from 1972 to 2002. He served as Federal Minister of Finance of Germany in the Cabinet of Chancellor Helmut Kohl from 1989 to 1998, and as Chairman of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria from 1988 to 1999. He is known as the father of the Euro, the European currency. He played a vital role in its introduction as German Minister of Finance. He also managed to impose an austerity program on West Germans and overcome the massive deficits of German unification to meet the strict fiscal benchmarks mandated by Europe's single currency. In 2009, he was appointed Honorary Chairman of the CSU.", "Q9083": "Lithuanian (Lithuanian: lietuvi\u0173 kalba) is an Eastern Baltic language spoken in the Baltic region. It is the language of Lithuanians and the official language of Lithuania as well as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.8 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 200 000 abroad.\nAs a Baltic language, Lithuanian is closely related to neighbouring Latvian and more distantly to Slavic, Germanic and other Indo-European languages. It is written in a Latin alphabet. Lithuanian is often said to be the most conservative living Indo-European language, retaining features of Proto-Indo-European now lost in other languages.", "Q573405": "Anthony J. DeMaria is an American researcher in lasers and their applications, particularly known for his work with picosecond laser pulses.\nDeMaria received his Ph.D. in engineering physics from the University of Connecticut in\n1956, and worked from 1960 to 1994 at the United Technologies Corporation Research Center, performing research in acousto-optics application to lasers, passive Q-switching and mode-locking of glass lasers, fast flow and wave-guide RF excited CO2 lasers, CO2 laser radar systems, and fiber-optics sensors, ultimately serving as Assistant Director of Research 1985-1994. In 1994 he founded DeMaria ElectroOptics Systems, which was sold in 2001 to Coherent, Inc., of which he is currently Chief Scientist. He is also a professor in residence at the ECE Department, University of Connecticut, and has been adjunct professor of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Distinguished Fairchild Scholar at the California Institute of Technology (1982\u201383).\nDeMaria holds 45 patents, is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering, past president of the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering, Optical Society of America, and SPIE, and fellow of the American Physical Society, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Optical Society of America, and SPIE. He received the 1980 IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award \"for contributions to the initiation and demonstration of the first picosecond optical pulse generator\".\n\n", "Q272232": "Rie Rasmussen (born 14 February 1978) is a Danish actress, film director, writer, model, and photographer.", "Q87945": "Gaby Dohm is a German actress. She is the daughter of actor Will Dohm.", "Q167687": "Music from Another Room is a 1998 American romantic comedy, directed by Charlie Peters and starring Jude Law, Jennifer Tilly, Gretchen Mol, Martha Plimpton, and Brenda Blethyn.", "Q888558": "Bobby Hendricks (born February 22, 1938, Columbus, Ohio) is an American R&B singer who charted two hits in the late 1950s. Hendricks was a member of The Swallows, The Flyers, and sang lead with The Drifters before becoming a successful solo act (he sang The Drifters' \"Drip Drop\").\nHis single \"Itchy Twitchy Feeling,\" which was covered by his former band soon after it began attracting radio airplay, hit the U.S. charts, reaching #5 on the Black Singles chart and #25 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1958. Hendricks's only other charting single, \"Psycho,\" was a novelty song depicting a psychiatrist talking with a patient. Psycho peaked at #73 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1960. New York City disc jockey Dr. Jive (Tommy Smalls) was the voice of the psychiatrist on \"Psycho.\"From 1961, on and off, through 2008, Bobby Hendricks worked as lead singer with Bill Pinkney's Original Drifters and appeared with them on PBS in the Doo Wop 51 television broadcast and Doo Wop Love Songs, singing \"Stand By Me\" with Bill Pinkney, Charlie Thomas, and Ben E. King.", "Q525643": "Elena Sergeyevna Vaytsekhovskaya (Russian: \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f; born 1 March 1958) is a former Soviet diver and Olympic champion. She competed at the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal, where she received a gold medal in platform diving.Since 1991, she has worked as a sports journalist for Sport-Express, and is considered one of the best sports journalists in Russia.", "Q929382": "Franco Fontana (born 9 December 1933) is an Italian photographer. He is best known for his abstract colour landscapes.", "Q65718": "Lumbrein is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia.", "Q265996": "Joanna Pacu\u0142a (Polish: [j\u0254\u02c8an\u02d0a pa\u02c8t\u0361suwa]; born 2 January 1957) is a Polish-American actress and model. Born in Tomasz\u00f3w Lubelski and emigrating to the United States in the early 1980s, she first gained prominence through her modeling work for Vogue. Her breakthrough performance in the 1983 film adaptation of Martin Cruz Smith's Gorky Park earned her a Golden Globe nomination for New Star of the Year \u2013 Actress. In the years since, she established herself as a prolific character actress, appearing in numerous high-profile films and television series.", "Q64406": "Henrik Steffens (2 May 1773 \u2013 13 February 1845), was a German philosopher, scientist, and poet.\n\n", "Q339031": "Van Dyke Parks (born January 3, 1943) is an American musician, songwriter, arranger, and record producer who has composed various film and television soundtracks. He is known for his 1967 album Song Cycle and for his lyrics on the Beach Boys' unfinished album Smile. In addition to producing or arranging albums by Randy Newman, Harry Nilsson, Phil Ochs, Little Feat, Happy End, Ry Cooder and Joanna Newsom, Parks has worked with performers such as Syd Straw, Ringo Starr, U2, Grizzly Bear, Inara George, Kimbra, Suzy Williams and Silverchair.\nRaised in Lake Charles, Louisiana, Parks spent his childhood studying clarinet, piano, and singing at the American Boychoir School in Princeton, New Jersey. He started his professional career as a child actor. During the 1950s, he worked steadily in movies and television, and in the early 1960s, he majored in music at the Carnegie Institute of Technology. After dropping out of university in 1963, he relocated to Los Angeles, where his first paid gig was arranging \"The Bare Necessities\" for the 1967 Disney film The Jungle Book. Following this, he involved himself with the growing West Coast music scene, subsequently playing with\u2014or appearing on records by\u2014acts like the Mothers of Invention, the Byrds, Judy Collins, Paul Revere & the Raiders, and Harpers Bizarre. His LP Song Cycle (recorded on a budget exceeding $70,000) mixed a number of genres (including bluegrass, ragtime, and show tunes) and framed classical styles in the context of 1960s pop music. It was released to underwhelming sales, but attracted a cult following in later years.\nStarting in the 1970s, Parks made repeated excursions into Afro-Caribbean music, notably on his 1972 album Discover America and on records he produced for the Esso Trinidad Steel Band and Mighty Sparrow. At the same time, he managed the audio/visual department of Warner Bros. Records, which was the earliest of its kind to produce music videos for artists. Since then, he established himself in motion pictures and over the years has directed, arranged, produced, and composed soundtracks for theatrical films and television shows such as Popeye (1980), Sesame Street Presents: Follow that Bird (1985), and The Brave Little Toaster (1987). Much of his more recent work has been in commissioned orchestral arrangements for lesser-known indie acts.", "Q461773": "Barueri (Portuguese pronunciation: [b\u0250\u02cc\u027eu.e\u02c8\u027ei] or [ba\u027ewe\u02c8\u027ei]) is a Brazilian municipality in the State of S\u00e3o Paulo located in the northwestern part of the Metropolitan Region of S\u00e3o Paulo. The population is 262,275 (2015 est.) in an area of 65.70 km2 (25.37 sq mi).Its boundaries are Santana de Parna\u00edba to the north, Osasco in the east, Carapicu\u00edba in the Southeast, Jandira to the south and southwest, and Itapevi the west. The city is served by the trains of line 8 of the Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (literally S\u00e3o Paulo Metropolitan Railway Company), (CPTM).", "Q128190": "Esprit Victor Elisabeth Boniface de Castellane, comte de Castellane (March 21, 1788 \u2013 September 16, 1862), was a French military officer and ultimately a Marshal of France.", "Q1070698": "Chester Cooper Conklin (January 11, 1886 \u2013 October 11, 1971) was an early American film comedian who started at Keystone Studios as one of Mack Sennett\u2019s Keystone Cops, often paired with Mack Swain. He appeared in a series of films with Mabel Normand and worked closely with Charlie Chaplin, both in silent and sound films.", "Q41876": "Reims ( REEMZ, also US: , French: [\u0281\u025b\u0303s] (listen); also spelled Rheims in English; Dutch: Riemen) is the most populous city in the Marne department, in the Grand Est region of France. Its population in 2013 was of 182,592 in the city proper (commune) and 317,611 in the metropolitan area (aire urbaine). The city lies 129 km (80 mi) east-northeast of Paris. Its primary river, the Vesle, is a tributary of the Aisne.\nFounded by the Gauls, Reims became a major city during the period of the Roman Empire. Reims later played a prominent ceremonial role in French monarchical history as the traditional site of the coronation of the kings of France. The royal anointing was performed at the Cathedral of Reims, which housed the Holy Ampulla of chrism allegedly brought by a white dove at the baptism of Frankish king Clovis I in 496. For this reason, Reims is often referred to in French as la cit\u00e9 des sacres (\"the Coronation City\").\nThe Cathedral, the Palace of Tau and the former Abbey of Saint-Remi have been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991.", "Q165090": "Chamb\u00e9ry (UK: , US: , French: [\u0283\u0251\u0303be\u0281i]; Arpitan: Chamb\u00e8ri; Italian: Sciamber\u00ec; Latin: Camberia) is a city in the department of Savoie, located in the Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes region in eastern France.\nIt is the capital of the department and has been the historical capital of the Savoy region since the 13th century, when Amadeus V, Count of Savoy, made the city his seat of power.\nTogether with other Alpine towns Chamb\u00e9ry engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Chamb\u00e9ry was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2006.", "Q4397665": "Omry Ronen (born Imre Sz\u00f6r\u00e9nyi) (July 12, 1937 in Odessa \u2013 November 1, 2012 in Ann Arbor) was an American Slavist, known for his works on the Silver Age of Russian Poetry and especially on the poetry of Osip Mandelstam.", "Q229550": "Laura Ann Branigan (July 3, 1952 \u2013 August 26, 2004) was an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Her signature song, the platinum-certified 1982 single \"Gloria\", stayed on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 for 36 weeks, then a record for a female artist, peaking at No. 2. It also reached number one in Australia and Canada. In 1984, she reached number one in Canada and Germany with the U.S. No. 4 hit \"Self Control\". She also had success in the United Kingdom with both \"Gloria\" and \"Self Control\" making the Top 10 in the UK Singles Chart.\nSeeing her greatest level of success in the 1980s, Branigan's other singles included the Top 10 hit \"Solitaire\" (1983), the U.S. AC chart number one \"How Am I Supposed to Live Without You\" (1983), the Australian No. 2 hit \"Ti amo\" (1984), and \"The Power of Love\" (1987). Her most successful album was 1984's platinum-selling Self Control. She also contributed songs to motion picture and television soundtracks, including the Grammy and Academy Award-winning Flashdance soundtrack (1983), and the Ghostbusters soundtrack (1984). In 1985, she won the Tokyo Music Festival with the song \"The Lucky One\". Her chart success began to wane as the decade closed and after her last two albums Laura Branigan (1990) and Over My Heart (1993) garnered little attention, she generally retired from public life for the rest of the 1990s. She began returning to performing in the early 2000s, most notably appearing as Janis Joplin in the off-Broadway musical Love, Janis. As she was recording new music and preparing a comeback to the music industry, she died at her home in August 2004 from a previously undiagnosed cerebral aneurysm.Branigan and her music saw renewed popularity and public interest in 2019 in the US after \"Gloria\" was adopted by the NHL's St. Louis Blues as their unofficial victory song while they completed a historic mid-season turnaround to win their first Stanley Cup in franchise history, leading to the song entering ice hockey lore as an \"unlikely championship anthem\". Branigan's legacy manager and representative Kathy Golik embraced the trend and traveled to St. Louis to publicly represent Branigan among the Blues fanbase during the 2019 Stanley Cup Playoffs, later stating her belief that Branigan and \"Gloria\" \"will forever be intertwined\" with the Blues and the city of St. Louis.", "Q66211": "Konolfingen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q69122": "Klaus Wedemeier (born 12 January 1944 in Hof an der Saale) is a German politician (SPD) and was the 5th President of the Senate and Mayor of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen from 1985 to 1995 and the 47th President of the Bundesrat in 1993/94.", "Q980676": "Jacques Friedel ForMemRS (French: [f\u0281id\u025bl]; 11 February 1921 \u2013 27 August 2014) was a French physicist and material scientist.", "Q197206": "Zhang Heng (Chinese: \u5f35\u8861; AD 78\u2013139), formerly romanized as Chang Heng, was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman from Nanyang who lived during the Han dynasty. Educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, he achieved success as an astronomer, mathematician, seismologist, hydraulic engineer, inventor, geographer, cartographer, ethnographer, artist, poet, philosopher, politician, and literary scholar.\nZhang Heng began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stance on historical and calendrical issues led to his becoming a controversial figure, preventing him from rising to the status of Grand Historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125\u2013144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian Kingdom in present-day Hebei. Zhang returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139.\nZhang applied his extensive knowledge of mechanics and gears in several of his inventions. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere to assist astronomical observation; improved the inflow water clock by adding another tank; and invented the world's first seismoscope, which discerned the cardinal direction of an earthquake 500 km (310 mi) away. He improved previous Chinese calculations for pi. In addition to documenting about 2,500 stars in his extensive star catalog, Zhang also posited theories about the Moon and its relationship to the Sun: specifically, he discussed the Moon's sphericity, its illumination by reflected sunlight on one side and the hidden nature of the other, and the nature of solar and lunar eclipses. His fu (rhapsody) and shi poetry were renowned in his time and studied and analyzed by later Chinese writers. Zhang received many posthumous honors for his scholarship and ingenuity; some modern scholars have compared his work in astronomy to that of the Greco-Roman Ptolemy (AD 86\u2013161).", "Q237008": "D'arcy Elizabeth Wretzky-Brown (born May 1, 1968) is an American musician. She is the original bass player of the alternative rock band the Smashing Pumpkins and is credited on their first five studio albums. She left the band in 1999.", "Q188440": "Irving Wallace (March 19, 1916 \u2013 June 29, 1990) was an American best-selling author and screenwriter. He was known for his heavily researched novels, many with a sexual theme.", "Q153244": "Enid Eulalie Bennett (15 July 1893 \u2013 14 May 1969) was an Australian silent film actress, mostly active in American film.", "Q115211": "Harry Rowohlt (27 March 1945 \u2013 15 June 2015) was a German writer and translator. He also played the role of a derelict in the famous German weekly-soap Lindenstra\u00dfe.", "Q78991": "Friedrich Gustav Piffl (15 October 1864 \u2013 21 April 1932) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Vienna.\nGustav Piffl was born in Lan\u0161kroun, Bohemia, in what was then the Austrian Empire. He was the son of Rudolf Piffl who was a bookseller and shopkeeper. He volunteered for a year in the Austrian army in his early life. After deciding to become a priest he entered the Teutonic College of S. Maria in Camposanto in Rome and later the Sankt'Augustin monastery, Austria. He joined the Congregation of the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine in 1883 taking the name Friedrich. He finished his studies at the University of Vienna, where he studied philosophy.", "Q69644": "Weesen is a village in See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland.", "Q531150": "For the founding pioneer of New Port Richey, see George R. Sims\nGeorge Robert Sims (2 September 1847 \u2013 4 September 1922) was an English journalist, poet, dramatist, novelist and bon vivant.\nSims began writing lively humour and satiric pieces for Fun magazine and The Referee, but he was soon concentrating on social reform, particularly the plight of the poor in London's slums. A prolific journalist and writer he also produced a number of novels.\nSims was also a very successful dramatist, writing numerous plays, often in collaboration, several of which had long runs and international success. He also bred bulldogs, was an avid sportsman and lived richly among a large circle of literary and artistic friends. Sims earned a fortune from his productive endeavours but had gambled most of it away by the time of his death.", "Q231479": "Ai Otsuka (\u5927\u585a \u611b, \u014ctsuka Ai, born September 9, 1982) is a Japanese singer-songwriter from Suminoe-ku, Osaka, Japan. She is a popular artist on the Avex Trax label and is best known for her 2003 hit \"Sakuranbo\", which stayed in the Top 200 Oricon Weekly Singles Chart for 103 weeks.A piano player since age four, Otsuka composes and co-produces her own songs, as well as writes her own lyrics. Her music ranges from upbeat pop/rock music to ballads.\nEvery year, Otsuka also has her own Love is Born tour to mark the anniversary of being in the music industry and her birthday in September. All of the Love is Born concerts take place in Japan, ending in her hometown of Osaka. On Love is Born 5th Anniversary in 2008, Otsuka held a leg of the concert in Taiwan, where she performed a Chinese version of her song \"Planetarium\". In 2009, Otsuka held 3 Love is Born 6th Anniversary concerts in Japan, as well as two concerts in Taiwan.\nIn 2012, Otsuka debuted as the vocalist of the band Rabbit. She sold 7 million copies in Japan.", "Q313814": "Don Sinclair Davis (August 4, 1942 \u2013 June 29, 2008) was an American character actor best-known for playing General Hammond in the television series Stargate SG-1 (1997\u20132007), and earlier for playing Major Garland Briggs on the television series Twin Peaks (1990\u20131991). He was also a theater professor, painter, and United States Army captain.", "Q612057": "Paloma Efron, also known as Blackie, (born 6 December 1912, died 3 September 1977) was an Argentine radio and television journalist and the country's first professional jazz singer.", "Q7227384": "Pomona College is a private liberal arts college in Claremont, California. It was founded in 1887 by a group of Congregationalists who wanted to recreate a \"college of the New England type\" in Southern California, and in the 1920s, it became the founding member of the Claremont Colleges consortium.\nPomona is a four-year undergraduate institution, and enrolled approximately 1,700 students representing all 50 U.S. states and 63 countries as of fall 2018. The college offers 48 majors and 600 courses, though students have access to nearly 2000 additional courses at the other Claremont Colleges. The college's 140-acre (57 ha) main campus is in a residential community near the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains.\nPomona has the lowest acceptance rate of any U.S. liberal arts college (7.6% for the 2018 admissions cycle), and is ranked among the top five liberal arts colleges in the country by Forbes, U.S. News & World Report, and The Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education. It has an endowment of $2.27 billion as of June 2018, giving it the seventh-highest endowment per student of any college or university in the U.S. In 2018, Niche ranked Pomona as the most diverse college or university in the country; among enrolled students, 74% hail from out of state, 56% receive need-based financial aid, and 61% identify as a person of color or an international student. The college is a top producer of Fulbright Students and recipients of other fellowships.\n\n", "Q2868": "Lima (, Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8lima]; Quechua: Limaq) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chill\u00f3n, R\u00edmac and Lur\u00edn rivers, in the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area. With a population of more than 9 million, Lima is the most populous metropolitan area of Peru and the seventh-largest metropolitan area in the Americas.\nLima was named by natives in the agricultural region known by native Peruvians as Limaq, a name that it had acquired over time. It became the capital and most important city in the Viceroyalty of Peru. Following the Peruvian War of Independence, it became the capital of the Republic of Peru (Rep\u00fablica del Per\u00fa). Around one-third of the national population lives in the metropolitan area.\nLima is home to one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in the New World. The National University of San Marcos, founded on 12 May 1551, during the Spanish colonial empire, is the first officially established and the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas.\nNowadays the city is considered as the political, cultural, financial and commercial center of the country. Internationally, it is one of the thirty most populated urban agglomerations in the world. Due to its geostrategic importance, it has been defined as a \"beta\" city.\nJurisdictionally, the metropolis extends mainly within the province of Lima and in a smaller portion, to the west, within the constitutional province of Callao, where the seaport and the Jorge Ch\u00e1vez airport are located. Both provinces have regional autonomy since 2002.\nIn October 2013, Lima was chosen to host the 2019 Pan American Games, these games were held at venues in and around Lima, and were the largest sporting event ever hosted by the country. It also hosted the APEC Meetings of 2008 and 2016, the Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group in October 2015, the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December 2014, and the Miss Universe 1982 contest.\n\n", "Q60106": "Guntis Ulmanis (born Guntis Rump\u012btis September 13, 1939) is a Latvian politician and was the fifth President of Latvia from 1993 to 1999.", "Q32126": "Victor Alter (also Wiktor Alter; 7 February 1890 \u2013 17 February 1943) was a Jewish socialist activist and publicist of the Bund, and a member of the executive committee of the Second International.\n\n", "Q2750257": "Aleksandr Leonovich Kemurdzhian (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0430\u043d; Armenian: \u0531\u056c\u0565\u0584\u057d\u0561\u0576\u0564\u0580 \u0554\u0565\u0574\u0578\u0582\u0580\u057b\u0575\u0561\u0576; October 4, 1921 \u2013 February 25, 2003) was a Soviet Armenian mechanical engineer who worked at the VNIITransmash institute for the most of the second half of the 20th century. He is best known for designing Lunokhod 1, the first ever lunar rover.", "Q899333": "Jimmy Destri (born James Mollica, April 13, 1954, Brooklyn, New York City, United States) is an American musician. He played keyboards in the rock band Blondie, and was one of the principal songwriters for the band along with Chris Stein and Deborah Harry. Destri ceased touring with the band in 2004, but remained an official member for several more years.", "Q161590": "Roman Stanis\u0142aw Dmowski [\u02c8r\u0254man sta\u02c8\u0272iswaf \u02c8dm\u0254fski] (9 August 1864 \u2013 2 January 1939) was a Polish politician, statesman, and co-founder and chief ideologue of the National Democracy (\"ND\": in Polish, \"Endecja\") political movement. He saw the Germanization of Polish territories controlled by the German Empire as the major threat to Polish culture and therefore advocated a degree of accommodation with another power that had partitioned Poland, the Russian Empire. He favored the re-establishment of Polish independence by nonviolent means, and supported policies favorable to the Polish middle class. During World War I, in Paris, through his Polish National Committee he was a prominent spokesman, to the Allies for Polish aspirations. He was a principal figure instrumental in the postwar restoration of Poland's independent existence.\nDmowski never wielded significant political power, except for a brief period in 1923 as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Nevertheless, he was one of the most influential Polish ideologues and politicians of his time. A controversial personality most of his life, Dmowski believed that only a homogenous Polish-speaking and Roman Catholic-practicing nation would be preferable as opposed to Pi\u0142sudski's vision of Prometheism which sought a multi-ethnic Poland reminiscent of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth instead. As a result, his thinking marginalized other ethnic minority groups living in Poland, particularly those in the Kresy (which included Jews, Lithuanians, and Ukrainians). He remains a key figure of Polish nationalism and has been frequently referred to as \"the father of Polish nationalism\". Throughout most of his life, he was the chief ideological opponent of the Polish military and political leader J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski and of the latter's vision of Poland as a multinational federation against German and Russian imperialism.", "Q695886": "Arnold Orville Beckman (April 10, 1900 \u2013 May 18, 2004) was an American chemist, inventor, investor, and philanthropist. While a professor at California Institute of Technology, he founded Beckman Instruments based on his 1934 invention of the pH meter, a device for measuring acidity, later considered to have \"revolutionized the study of chemistry and biology\". He also developed the DU spectrophotometer, \"probably the most important instrument ever developed towards the advancement of bioscience\". Beckman funded the first transistor company, thus giving rise to Silicon Valley. After retirement, he and his wife Mabel (1900-1989) were numbered among the top philanthropists in the United States.", "Q90587": "Johann Nikuradse (Georgian: \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4, Ivane Nikuradze) (November 20, 1894 \u2013 July 18, 1979) was a Georgia-born German engineer and physicist. His brother, Alexander Nikuradse, was also a Germany-based physicist and geopolitician known for his ties with Alfred Rosenberg and for his role in saving many Georgians during World War II.\nHe was born in Samtredia, Georgia (then part of the Kutais Governorate, Imperial Russia) and studied at Kutaisi. In 1919, through the recommendations of the conspicuous Georgian scholar Petre Melikishvili, he went abroad for further studies. The 1921 Sovietization of Georgia precluded his return to homeland and Nikuradse naturalized as a German citizen.\nAs PhD student of Ludwig Prandtl in 1920, he later worked as a researcher at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Flow Research (now the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization). He succeeded in putting himself in Prandtl's favour and thus advanced to the position of department head. In spite of his close ties with the Nazi Party, Nikuradse came, in the early 1930s, under fire of the Institute's National Socialist Factory Cell Organization whose members accused him of spying for the Soviet Union and of stealing books from the institute. Prandtl initially defended Nikuradse, but was eventually forced to dismiss him in 1934. He then served as a professor at the University of Breslau (1934\u20131945), and an honorary professor at the Aachen Technical University since 1945.\nNikuradse lived mostly in G\u00f6ttingen and engaged in hydrodynamics. His best known experiment was published in Germany in 1933. Nikuradse carefully measured the friction that a turbulent fluid experiences as it flows through a rough pipe. He used grains of sand with varying roughnesses and discovered that, the rougher the surface the greater the friction, and hence a greater pressure loss.\nHe discovered that:\nIn range I, for small Reynolds number the resistance factor is the same for rough as for smooth pipes. The projections of the roughening lie entirely within the laminar layer for this range.In range II (transition range), an increase in the resistance factor was observed for an increasing Reynolds number. The thickness of the laminar layer is here of the same order of magnitude as that of the projections.In range III, the resistance factor is independent of the Reynolds number (quadratic law of resistance). Here all the projections of the roughening extend through the laminar layer and the resistance factor \n \n \n \n \u03bb\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\lambda }\n .\n \n \n \n \u03bb\n =\n \n \n 1\n \n (\n 1.74\n +\n 2\n l\n o\n g\n (\n \n \n r\n k\n \n \n )\n \n )\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\lambda ={\\frac {1}{(1.74+2log({\\frac {r}{k}}))^{2}}}}", "Q232170": "Two for the Road is a 1967 British romantic comedy-drama film directed and produced by Stanley Donen and starring Audrey Hepburn and Albert Finney. Written by Frederic Raphael, the film is about a husband and wife who examine their twelve-year relationship while on a road trip to Southern France. The film was considered somewhat experimental for its time because the story is told in a non-linear fashion, with scenes from the latter stages of the relationship juxtaposed with those from its beginning, often leaving the viewer to interpolate what has intervened, which is sometimes revealed in later scenes. Several locations are used in different segments to show continuity throughout the twelve-year period.\nRaphael received an Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay, Hepburn received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Comedy or Musical, and Henry Mancini received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Original Score. The film's theme song, \"Two for the Road\", was composed by Mancini, with lyrics by Leslie Bricusse. Mancini, who composed many notable theme songs for films, including \"Moon River\" for Breakfast at Tiffany's, considered \"Two for the Road\" his favourite.\nCars featured in the film, being driven by the couple or ridden in by them, include a white Mercedes-Benz 230SL roadster, an MG TD, a Triumph Herald, an Alfa Romeo Giulietta Sprint coup\u00e9, VW Microbus, and a Ford Country Squire; the cars are often used to re-establish the time period after a jump. In one scene of this movie, Audrey Hepburn appears dressed in a shiny black PVC trouser suit designed by Paco Rabanne. The film was ranked #57 on the American Film Institute's 100 Years... 100 Passions list.\n\n", "Q118735": "Schaggi Streuli (1899\u20131980) was a Swiss film and television actor, who also starred on stage at the Bernhard-Theater Z\u00fcrich.", "Q1173385": "Dave Weiner (full name David Jason Weiner, born on September 24, 1976) is an American guitarist, most widely known for being one of Steve Vai's touring guitarists. He also posts instructional videos, called the \"Riff of the Week\", every Wednesday on YouTube, iTunes and his own website. He also gives online lessons.", "Q116718": "Manuel Carlos Prado y Ugarteche (April 21, 1889 \u2013 August 15, 1967) was a banker who served twice as President of Peru. Son of former president Mariano Ignacio Prado, he was born in Lima and served as the nation's 50th (1939 - 1945) and 54th (1956 - 1962) President. His brother, Leoncio Prado Guti\u00e9rrez, was a military hero who died in 1883, six years before Manuel Prado was born.\nAs a young army officer, Prado was a key player in the coup that overthrew President Guillermo Billinghurst in 1914. He became president of the Central Reserve Bank in 1934.\nManuel Prado, a conservative patriarch of a wealthy and powerful family, reached the presidency of Peru with the help of the left-wing Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana party. Prado announced that \"one of the first acts of my government will be to declare a general political amnesty and put an end to the proscription of political parties.\"\nDuring Prado's second presidency (1956\u20131962), the only significant proscribed party was the APRA (American Popular Revolutionary Alliance), which was thrown out of power and outlawed in 1948 by President Manuel Odr\u00eda. Prado announced that he would submit to the newly elected Congress a bill to legalize APRA once again. The bill was later passed and the APRA's famed founder, V\u00edctor Ra\u00fal Haya de la Torre, returned from foreign exile.\nIn foreign policy, Prado \u2013 whose greatest pride was that as President in 1942 he made Peru the first of the South American nations to break off relations with the Axis Powers\u2013 was expected to side firmly with the U.S. There is documentary evidence that shows that Prado's enthusiastic support of the deportation of Peruvians of Japanese descent to the United States during World War II was motivated by a desire to rid Peru of all of its Japanese-descended residents\u2014a charge which some historians have argued amounted to a campaign of ethnic cleansing.", "Q692131": "The Christian Social Party (German: Christlichsoziale Partei, CS) was a major conservative political party in the Cisleithanian crown lands of Austria-Hungary and in the First Republic of Austria, from 1891 to 1934. The party was also affiliated with Austrian nationalism that sought to keep Catholic Austria out of the state of Germany founded in 1871, that it viewed as Protestant Prussian-dominated, and identified Austrians on the basis of their predominantly Catholic religious identity as opposed to the predominantly Protestant religious identity of the Prussians. It is a predecessor of the contemporary Austrian People's Party.", "Q901368": "Gy\u00f6rgy Dalos (born September 23, 1943) is a Hungarian Jewish writer and historian. He is best known for his novel 1985, and The Guest from the Future: Anna Akhmatova and Isaiah Berlin.\n\n", "Q919527": "Thomas John Brokaw (; born February 6, 1940) is an American television journalist and author. He was the anchor and managing editor of NBC Nightly News for 22 years (1982\u20132004). He is the only person to have hosted all three major NBC News programs: The Today Show, NBC Nightly News, and, briefly, Meet the Press. He now serves as a special correspondent for NBC News and works on documentaries for other outlets.Along with his competitors Peter Jennings at ABC News and Dan Rather at CBS News, Brokaw was one of the \"Big Three\" news anchors in the U.S. during the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s. The three hosted their networks' flagship nightly news programs for over 20 years, and all three started and retired from the anchor chair (or died, in Jennings' case) with Dan Rather notably being ousted from CBS due to false reports aired on 60 Minutes II within a year of each other.Brokaw has also written several books on American history and society in the 20th century. He is the author of The Greatest Generation (1998) and other books and the recipient of numerous awards and honors including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which was awarded to him by President Barack Obama in 2014.", "Q183515": "Salzkotten is a town in the district of Paderborn, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The name Salzkotten (English: Salt cottage) is based on the former salt production, which gave Salzkotten its raison d'\u00eatre. Salt was found in the salty springs around the city.", "Q1270152": "The Denmark national under-21 football team has played since 1976 and is controlled by the Danish Football Association. Before 1976, the age limit was 23 years.", "Q752301": "Flushed Away is a 2006 computer-animated adventure comedy film directed by David Bowers and Sam Fell, produced by Cecil Kramer, David Sproxton, and Peter Lord, and written by Dick Clement, Ian La Frenais, Chris Lloyd, Joe Keenan and William Davies. It is the third and final film to be co-produced by Aardman Animations and DreamWorks Animation following Chicken Run (2000) and Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005), and was Aardman's first completely computer-animated feature as opposed to their usual stop motion standard. The film stars the voice talents of Hugh Jackman, Kate Winslet, Andy Serkis, Bill Nighy, Ian McKellen, Shane Richie and Jean Reno. In Flushed Away, a pet rat named Roddy St. James is flushed down the toilet by a sewer rat, and befriends a scavenger named Rita in order to return home while evading a toad and his rat henchmen.\nThe film was released in the United States by Paramount Pictures on 3 November 2006, and in the United Kingdom on 1 December 2006.1 Despite receiving positive reviews from critics, who praised its animation, writing, humour and voice performances, Flushed Away underperformed at the box office, prompting DreamWorks to end their partnership with Aardman. The film received nominations for the BAFTA Award and Critics' Choice Award for Best Animated Feature.", "Q326663": "Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease involving the central nervous system. The disease most often manifests as meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis. Long-lasting or permanent neuropsychiatric consequences are observed in 10 to 20% of infected patients.\nThe number of reported cases has been increasing in most countries. TBE is posing a concerning health challenge to Europe, as the number of reported human cases of TBE in all endemic regions of Europe have increased by almost 400% within the last three decades.The tick-borne encephalitis virus is known to infect a range of hosts including ruminants, birds, rodents, carnivores, horses, and humans. The disease can also be spread from animals to humans, with ruminants and dogs providing the principal source of infection for humans.", "Q150981": "The North German Confederation (German: Norddeutscher Bund) was the German federal state which existed from July 1867 to December 1870. Although de jure a confederacy of equal states, the Confederation was de facto controlled and led by the largest and most powerful member, Prussia, which exercised its influence to bring about the formation of the German Empire. Some historians also use the name for the alliance of 22 German states formed on 18 August 1866 (Augustb\u00fcndnis). In 1870\u20131871, the south German states of Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, W\u00fcrttemberg and Bavaria joined the country. On 1 January 1871, the country adopted a new constitution, which was written under the title of a new \"German Confederation\" but already gave it the name \"German Empire\" in the preamble and article 11.\nThe federal constitution established a constitutional monarchy with the Prussian king as the bearer of the Bundespr\u00e4sidium, or head of state. Laws could only be enabled with the consent of the Reichstag (a parliament based on universal male suffrage) and the Federal Council (a representation of the states). During the four years of the North German Confederation, a conservative-liberal cooperation undertook important steps to unify (Northern) Germany with regard to law and infrastructure. The political system (and the political parties) remained essentially the same in the years after 1870.\nThe North German Confederation had nearly 30 million inhabitants, of whom eighty percent lived in Prussia.", "Q195363": "Rebecca Melise Tobin (born January 18, 1986) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. She is best known for her role as Kitty Wilde on the Fox musical comedy-drama series Glee.", "Q117412": "Fran\u00e7ois Simon (16 August 1917 \u2013 5 October 1982) was a Swiss stage and film actor. He appeared in 35 films between 1936 and 1982. He was the son of actor Michel Simon.", "Q73608": "Michael Manasseri (born February 28, 1974) is an American actor and film director.\n\n", "Q458858": "Inkwilersee is a small lake on the border of the municipalities of Inkwil, Canton of Berne, and Bolken, Canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. Its surface area is 0.1016 km2 (25.1 acres).", "Q118721": "Aline Valangin was a Swiss writer, pianist, and psychoanalyst. She was follower of Carl Jung and became a psychoanalyst. \nTogether with Vladimir Rosenbaum (1894\u20131984, her husband from 1917 to 1940) in Comologno, she helped and played host to migrants as Ignazio Silone, Ernst Toller, and Kurt Tucholsky. \nIn 1931, she loved Silone when she read his masterpiece Fontamara and helped him to publish it.", "Q369174": "Thomas Bing Kin Chong (born May 24, 1938) is a Canadian actor, writer, director, musician, cannabis rights activist and comedian. He is known for his marijuana-themed Cheech & Chong comedy albums and movies with Cheech Marin, as well as playing the character Leo on Fox's That '70s Show. He became a naturalized United States citizen in the late 1980s.", "Q80958": "Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas (Portuguese pronunciation: [b\u0254ta\u02c8fo\u0261u d\u0292i fut\u0283i\u02c8b\u0254w i \u0281e\u02c8\u0261ata\u0283]; Botafogo Football and Rowing), also known as Botafogo, is a Brazilian sports club based in Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro. Although they compete in a number of different sports, Botafogo is mostly known for its association football team. It plays in the Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A, the first tier of the Brazilian football league system, and in the state of Rio de Janeiro's premier state league. In 2000, Botafogo finished 12th in a vote by subscribers of FIFA Magazine for the FIFA Club of the Century.In addition, the club has some of Brazilian football's most notable records, as the largest number of unbeaten matches: 52 games between 1977 and 1978; the most unbeaten matches record in the Brazilian Championship games: 42, also between 1977 and 1978; the largest number of player participations in total matches of the Brazil national football team (considering official and unofficial games): 1,094 participations and the largest number of players assigned to the Brazilian national team for World Cup. The club is still responsible for the greatest victory ever recorded in Brazilian football: 24-0 against Sport Club Mangueira in 1909.", "Q656601": "The Willem de Kooning Academy (Dutch: Willem de Kooning Academie) is a Dutch academy of media, art, design, leisure and education based in Rotterdam. It was named after one of its most famous alumni, Dutch fine artist Willem de Kooning.", "Q431636": "G\u00fcl G\u00f6lge (born September 28, 1981 in \u0130zmir, Turkey) is the well-known former host of the program \"Canl\u0131 Canl\u0131\" which is aired on Kanal D. She is also a model and actress, having acted in \u00c7i\u00e7ek Taksi, Yapayaln\u0131z and K\u00f6pek among others dramas and soaps. She was runner-up at the Miss Turkey pageant in 1997.\nG\u00fcl finished her secondary education at \u00d6zel T\u00fcrk Koleji in \u0130zmir and went for higher education to Istanbul. She graduated from Istanbul Bilgi University with a bachelor's degree in Film and Television.", "Q180008": "Canadian Bacon is a 1995 American-Canadian comedy film written, produced, and directed by Michael Moore which satirizes Canada\u2013United States relations along the Canada\u2013United States border. The film stars an ensemble cast featuring Alan Alda, John Candy, Bill Nunn, Kevin J. O'Connor, Rhea Perlman, Kevin Pollak, G. D. Spradlin, and Rip Torn.\nThe film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival, and was the final film released starring John Candy, though it was shot before the earlier-released Wagons East. It is also Moore's only non-documentary film to date.\n\n", "Q189992": "Ashley Michele Greene (born February 21, 1987) is an American actress and model. She is known for playing Alice Cullen in the film adaptations of Stephenie Meyer's Twilight novels.", "Q266535": "Fran\u00e7ois Ozon (French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303.swa o.z\u0254\u0303]; born 15 November 1967) is a French film director and screenwriter whose films are usually characterized by sharp satirical wit and a freewheeling view on human sexuality.\nHe has achieved international acclaim for his films 8 femmes (2002) and Swimming Pool (2003). Ozon is considered to be one of the most important French film directors in the new \"New Wave\" in French cinema such as Jean-Paul Civeyrac, Philippe Ramos, and Yves Caumon, as well as a group of French filmmakers associated with a \"cinema du corps/cinema of the body\".", "Q105016": "Ferdinand August Otto Heinrich, Graf von Loeben (18 August 1786 in Dresden \u2013 3 April 1825 in Dresden) was a German writer.\nHe was born into an aristocratic Protestant family, and was educated by private tutors. From 1804 he studied law at the University of Wittenberg, but moved to Heidelberg in 1807, where he befriended Joseph von Eichendorff, also meeting Achim von Arnim, Clemens Brentano and Johann Joseph von G\u00f6rres. Over the next few years he travelled between Vienna, Dresden and Berlin, meeting Friedrich de la Motte Fouqu\u00e9 at Nennhausen. He was involved in the campaign of 1813-14; after his return, he married Johanna Victoria Gottliebe n\u00e9e von Bressler and spent the rest of his life in Dresden. A stroke suffered in 1822 left him an invalid until his death.\nGraf von Loeben was a very prolific writer of the Dresden school, and he influenced Eichendorff and Ludwig Tieck among others, but quickly fell out of favour, most later critics viewing his work as bordering on parody. His most important novel is Guido, written under the pen-name \"Isidorus Orientalis\". Under a second pseudonym, Heinrich Goeble (sometimes just H. Goeble), he authored the poem Abendlied unterm gestirten Himmel, set to music by Ludwig van Beethoven as WoO 150. See Theodore Albrecht, \"Otto Heinrich Graf von Loeben (1786-1825) and the Poetic Source of Beethoven's Abendlied unterm gestirnten Himmel, WoO 150,\" in Bonner Beethoven-Studien, Band 10 (Bonn: Verlag Beethoven-Haus, 2012), pp. 7\u201332.\nAn article about him can be found in the Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, and a monograph by Raimund Pissin was published in Berlin in 1905. On the basis of these two sources, Porterfield enumerates his known works as \"one conventional drama, one musical-romantic drama, two narrative poems, one of which is on Ferdusi, three collections of poems, between 30 and 40 novelettes, fairy tales and [several thousand] aphorisms and detached thoughts.\" He is discussed by his friend Eichendorff in Ahnung und Gegenwart (ch. 12) and Erlebtes (ch. 10).", "Q865": "Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbouring states include the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the north-west, Japan to the north-east, and the Philippines to the south. The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometers (13,826 sq mi), with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanised population is concentrated. Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area. Other major cities include Kaohsiung, Taichung, Tainan and Taoyuan. With 23.7 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated states, and is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations (UN).\nTaiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island of Taiwan around 6,000 years ago. In the 17th century, Dutch rule opened the island to mass Han immigration. After the brief Kingdom of Tungning in parts of the southern and western areas of the island, the island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China, and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895. Following the surrender of Japan in 1945, the Republic of China, which had overthrown and succeeded the Qing in 1911, took control of Taiwan on behalf of the World War II Allies. The resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the loss of the mainland to the Communist Party of China and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949. Although the ROC government continued to claim to be the legitimate representative of China, since 1950 its effective jurisdiction has been limited to Taiwan and numerous smaller islands. In the early 1960s, Taiwan entered a period of rapid economic growth and industrialisation called the \"Taiwan Miracle\". In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the ROC transitioned from a one-party military dictatorship to a multi-party democracy with a semi-presidential system.\nTaiwan's export-oriented industrial economy is the 21st-largest in the world, with major contributions from steel, machinery, electronics and chemicals manufacturing. Taiwan is a developed country, ranking 15th in GDP per capita. It is ranked highly in terms of political and civil liberties, education, health care and human development.The political status of Taiwan remains uncertain. The ROC is no longer a member of the UN, having been replaced by the PRC in 1971. Taiwan is claimed by the PRC, which refuses diplomatic relations with countries that recognise the ROC. Taiwan maintains official ties with 14 out of 193 UN member states and the Holy See. International organisations in which the PRC participates either refuse to grant membership to Taiwan or allow it to participate only on a non-state basis. Taiwan is a member of the World Trade Organization, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and Asian Development Bank under various names. Nearby countries and countries with large economies maintain unofficial ties with Taiwan through representative offices and institutions that function as de facto embassies and consulates. Domestically, the major political division is between parties favouring eventual Chinese unification and promoting a Chinese identity contrasted with those aspiring to independence and promoting Taiwanese identity, although both sides have moderated their positions to broaden their appeal.", "Q923863": "Vladimir Fl\u00f3rez also known as Vladdo (born 1963 in Armenia, Quind\u00edo) is a Colombian cartoonist and political satirist. His work is published in the Colombian weekly magazine Revista Semana and has received numerous journalistic awards including 3 National Journalistic Awards (Premio Nacional de Periodismo) and an Excellency Award (Premio de Excelencia) by the Inter American Press Association in the \"Cartoon\" category.\n\n", "Q173180": "Franz Ferdinand are a Scottish rock band formed in Glasgow in 2002. The band's original lineup was composed of Alex Kapranos (lead vocals and guitar, keyboard), Nick McCarthy (rhythm guitar, keyboards and backing vocals), Bob Hardy (bass guitar), and Paul Thomson (drums, percussion and backing vocals). Julian Corrie (keyboards, synthesiser, guitar and backing vocals) and Dino Bardot (guitar and backing vocals) joined the band in 2017 after McCarthy left during the previous year. The band is one of the more popular post-punk revival bands, garnering multiple UK top 20 hits. They have been nominated for several Grammy Awards and have received two Brit Awards \u2013 winning one for Best British Group \u2013 as well as one NME Award. \nThe band's first two singles, \"Darts of Pleasure\" and \"Take Me Out\", peaked within the top-50 on the UK Singles Chart. \"Take Me Out\" charted in several countries and earned a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal; it became the band's signature song. Their self-titled debut studio album won the 2004 Mercury Prize and earned a Grammy nomination for Best Alternative Album.\nIn 2005, the band released their second studio album, You Could Have It So Much Better, produced by Rich Costey. It peaked within the top-ten in multiple countries and earned Grammy-nominations for Best Alternative Album and for one of the singles, \"Do You Want To\". The band's third studio album, Tonight: Franz Ferdinand, was released in January 2009; by then the band had shifted from a post-punk-focused sound to a more dance-oriented sound. A remix album of Tonight, titled Blood, was released in July 2009.\nFour years after the release of Tonight, the band released their fourth studio album, Right Thoughts, Right Words, Right Action, in August 2013. In 2015, Franz Ferdinand and American rock band Sparks formed the supergroup FFS and released a one-off self-titled album in June 2015. Following the departure of McCarthy, the band released their fifth studio album, Always Ascending, in February 2018.", "Q66563": "Claudia Jung (born Ute Krummenast; April 12, 1964) is a German Schlager singer, actress, and politician.", "Q49580": "Yuki Inoue (\u4e95\u4e0a \u7531\u8d77, Inoue Yuki, born May 25, 1970), better known by the stage name Satsuki Yukino (\u3086\u304d\u306e \u3055\u3064\u304d, Yukino Satsuki) (previously \u96ea\u4e43 \u4e94\u6708, \u96ea\u91ce \u4e94\u6708), is a Japanese actress, voice actress and narrator. She was a member of Ken Production until 2016.\nShe played Kagome Higurashi in Inuyasha, Mutsumi Otohime in Love Hina, Yoruichi Shihouin in Bleach, Kaname Chidori in Full Metal Panic!, Mion and Shion Sonozaki in Higurashi When They Cry, and Milly Thompson in Trigun. She appeared as a guest in Animethon 21.", "Q69650": "Friedrich-Wilhelm Graefe zu Baringdorf (born 29 November 1942 in Spenge) was Member of the European Parliament for the German political party Alliance '90/The Greens, part of the European Greens, from 1984 to 1987 and 1989 to 2009, and from 1996 to 2012 chairperson of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft b\u00e4uerliche Landwirtschaft (ABL), an association for peasant-based or family-farming in Germany.Graefe zu Baringdorf owns and operates the farm \"Berninghof\" in Baringdorf, a small ribbon-built village in the municipality Spenge. The family farm traces its heritage back several centuries. In 1992, he converted the farm to ecological farming. Potatoes, bread cereals and vegetables grow on the fields, and pigs and chickens give meat and eggs. The produce is marketed primarily in the shop on the farm itself and via stands on street markets in Bielefeld and nearby Spenge.", "Q11933": "The canton of Zug (French: Zoug, Italian: Zugo, also English: canton of Zoug; German: Kanton German pronunciation: [tsu\u02d0k] (listen)) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland. It is located in central Switzerland and its capital is Zug. At 239 km2 (92 sq mi) the canton is one of the smallest of the Swiss cantons in terms of area. It is not subdivided into districts, but eleven municipalities.", "Q527726": "Andy Sneap (born 18 July 1969) is a British musician, songwriter, guitar player and record producer with over 100 albums to his name, most of which have been produced at his Backstage Recording studios in rural Derbyshire. Some of the most critically acclaimed production work on albums include Deliverance by Opeth and Disarm the Descent by Killswitch Engage; for which he earned a Swedish Grammi and a US Grammy nomination, respectively. As a performer, he was one of the guitarists in the British thrash metal band Sabbat up until their disbanding, and is one of the co-guitarists of the British heavy metal band Hell. In 2018 he joined Judas Priest as a touring guitarist, following the band's long-time lead guitarist Glenn Tipton was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease which conflicts with his touring abilities.He is one of the most active music producers in the metal music genre and has worked with bands such as Judas Priest, Accept, Blaze Bayley, Saxon, Opeth, Amon Amarth, Arch Enemy, Exodus, Megadeth, Kataklysm, Kreator, Nevermore, Testament, Carcass, Fear Factory, Overkill and DevilDriver. Of his production career, Sneap holds the distinction of having been credited as a producer, mixer or engineer on all six of Testament's albums since The Gathering (1999) \u2013 including the collection of re-recorded material First Strike Still Deadly (2001) \u2013 as well as all seven of Exodus' releases since the live album Another Lesson in Violence (1997). He also mixed Megadeth's show from the DVD The Big Four: Live from Sofia, Bulgaria, also featuring Metallica, Slayer and Anthrax.", "Q85820": "Marie Juchacz (n\u00e9e Marie Gohlke; born Landsberg an der Warthe, 15 March 1879; died D\u00fcsseldorf, 28 January 1956) was a German social reformer.\nShe joined the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in 1908, more than ten years before women acquired the right to vote, and pursued a career that included politics, becoming, in 1919, the first female Reichstag member to address a German parliament.\n\n", "Q2744236": "Pedro Nel Ignacio Tom\u00e1s de Villanueva Ospina V\u00e1squez (18 September 1858 \u2013 1 July 1927) was a Colombian General and political figure. He served as president of Colombia between 1922 and 1926.", "Q69888": "Isolda Dychauk (born 4 February 1993) is a German actress of Russian descent.", "Q952724": "Roland Lee Gift (born 28 May 1961) is a British singer, songwriter and actor. He was singer/frontman of the 1980s pop band Fine Young Cannibals.", "Q26621": "Matthew Moore Hardy (born September 23, 1974) is an American professional wrestler currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW). He is best known for his time with WWE as one half of The Hardy Boyz tag team. He also had runs as a singles performer and has worked for various other promotions including Impact Wrestling (formerly Total Nonstop Action Wrestling; TNA) and Ring of Honor (ROH). \nWith his real life brother Jeff, Hardy gained notoriety in WWF's tag team division during the 90's due to participation in tables, ladders, and chairs matches. As a tag team wrestler, he is a 14-time world tag team champion, having held six (WWF) World Tag Team Championships, three WWE (Raw) Tag Team Championships, one WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship, one ROH World Tag Team Championship, one WCW Tag Team Championship and two TNA World Tag Team Championships.Wrestling through three separate decades, Hardy has kept himself relevant through a variety of different gimmicks, character changes as well as his use of social media. In 2002, Hardy began a solo career in WWE and his subsequent \"Version 1\" persona was named Best Gimmick by Wrestling Observer Newsletter. Hardy's eccentric \"Broken\" gimmick, which he debuted in 2016, earned him multiple awards and praise from wrestling critics, including a second Best Gimmick award (in 2017, the character was renamed \"Woken\" within WWE). As a singles wrestler, Hardy is a three-time world champion, winning the TNA World Heavyweight Championship twice and the ECW Championship once.\n\n", "Q228882": "Shannon Elizabeth Fadal (born (1973-09-07)September 7, 1973) is an American actress and former fashion model. Elizabeth has appeared in comedy films such as American Pie, Scary Movie and Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back. She has also appeared in horror films such as Jack Frost, Thirteen Ghosts, Cursed, and Night of the Demons. She was described as a sex symbol for her role in the 1999 comedy film American Pie. She also had a cameo in the film Love Actually and in Catch a Christmas Star in which she sings for the first time on camera.\nShe currently lives in Cape Town, South Africa and runs the non-profit animal rescue organization she co-started in 2001, Animal Avengers.", "Q60674": "Norbert Haug (born 24 November 1952 in Engelsbrand, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) is a German journalist, and the former Vice President of Mercedes-Benz motorsport activity, including Formula One, Formula 3 and DTM. Under his direction Mercedes-Benz enjoyed considerable success in all categories, winning multiple races and championships.", "Q260622": "Embeth Jean Davidtz (born August 11, 1965) is a South African-American actress. Her screen roles include movies such as Army of Darkness, Schindler's List, Matilda, Junebug, Mansfield Park, Bicentennial Man, and Fracture, and the television series Californication and Mad Men.", "Q84280": "Nikolaus Lenau was the nom de plume of Nikolaus Franz Niembsch Edler von Strehlenau (13 August 1802 \u2013 22 August 1850), a German-language Austrian poet.", "Q465501": "A stunt performer, often referred to as a stuntman or stuntwoman, is a trained professional who performs daring acts, often as a career. Stunt performers usually appear in films or on television, as opposed to a daredevil, who performs for a live audience. When they take the place of another actor, they are known as stunt doubles.", "Q4721052": "Alexandros Kontostavlos (Greek: \u0391\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2; 1789, Chios \u2013 1865, Athens) was a Greek banker, magnate and politician.", "Q16081798": "Carlos Villa (December 11, 1936 \u2013 March 23, 2013) was a Filipino-American visual artist, curator and faculty member in the Painting Department at the San Francisco Art Institute. His work often explored the meaning of cultural diversity and sought to expand awareness of multicultural issues in the arts.", "Q230015": "Jennifer Eve Garth (born April 3, 1972) is an American actress. She is known for starring as Kelly Taylor throughout the Beverly Hills, 90210 franchise (1990\u20132000) and Val Tyler on the sitcom What I Like About You (2002\u201306). In 2012, she starred in her own reality show, Jennie Garth: A Little Bit Country on CMT.", "Q62063": "Caroline of the Palatinate-Zweibr\u00fccken (Henriette Caroline Christiane Louise; 9 March 1721 \u2013 30 March 1774) was Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt by marriage to Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was famed as one of the most learned women of her time and known as The Great Landgr\u00e4fin.", "Q146885": "The Syrian Republic (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u200e al-Jumh\u016br\u012byah as-S\u016br\u012byah; French: R\u00e9publique syrienne) was recognized as a sovereign state in 1945 and became de facto independent in April 1946 from the French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon. In 1958, Syria joined with the Republic of Egypt in forming the United Arab Republic, though Syria withdrew from the union in 1961 and adopted the name Syrian Arab Republic. In 1963, the Syrian Ba'athist Party came to power in a bloody military coup, which laid foundations for the political structure in Syria for the next decades.", "Q298827": "Gaston Louis Alfred Leroux (6 May 1868 \u2013 15 April 1927) was a French journalist and author of detective fiction.\nIn the English-speaking world, he is best known for writing the novel The Phantom of the Opera (Le Fant\u00f4me de l'Op\u00e9ra, 1910), which has been made into several film and stage productions of the same name, notably the 1925 film starring Lon Chaney, and Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical. His novel The Mystery of the Yellow Room is one of the most celebrated locked-room mysteries.", "Q853348": "The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Czech and Slovak: \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 socialistick\u00e1 republika, \u010cSSR) was the name of Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 23 April 1990, when the country was under communist rule. Formally known as the Fourth Czechoslovak Republic, it has been regarded as a satellite state of the Soviet Union.Following the coup d'\u00e9tat of February 1948, when the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia seized power with the support of the Soviet Union, the country was declared a people's republic after the Ninth-of-May Constitution became effective. The traditional name \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 republika (Czechoslovak Republic) was changed on 11 July 1960 following implementation of the 1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia as a symbol of the \"final victory of socialism\" in the country, and remained so until the Velvet Revolution in November 1989. Several other state symbols were changed in 1960. Shortly after the Velvet Revolution, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was renamed to the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic.", "Q467316": "Yojiro Terada (\u5bfa\u7530\u967d\u6b21\u90ce, Terada Y\u014djir\u014d, born 26 March 1947) is a Japanese racing driver from Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture. He is known for holding the record for the most participations in the 24 Hours of Le Mans without an overall win, having run on 29 occasions (28 of which were consecutive) since 1974. He is also third behind Henri Pescarolo and Bob Wollek for the drivers with the most participations. He scored class victories at the event in 1983, 1988, 1990 and 1996, while his best overall finish was seventh in 1995.\nHe began his racing career in a Honda S600 in 1969, before he was taken on as Mazda's factory driver, a position he held through the 1990s including participating in the World Sportscar Championship and All Japan Sports Prototype Championship.\nHe also took class wins at the 24 Hours of Daytona on two occasions, including in the Mazda RX-7's debut race in 1979, scoring a GTU class win at fifth place overall. The other occasion was a fourth place overall finish and a GTO class win in 1982.When he is not racing, he runs the Tokyo-based AutoExe (\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30a8\u30af\u30bc) tuning business, specialising in tuning parts and accessories for Mazda. and instructs on driving at NATS (Nihon Automobile High Technical School)\nHe is the father of voice actress Haruhi Nanao.", "Q366521": "Ahmad Shamlou (Persian: \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u200e, Ahmad \u0160\u0101ml\u016b Persian pronunciation: [\u00e6h\u02c8m\u00e6d(-e) \u0283\u0252\u02d0m\u02c8lu\u02d0], also known under his pen name A. Bamdad (Persian: \u0627. \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u200e)) (December 12, 1925 \u2013 July 23, 2000) was an Iranian poet, writer, and journalist. Shamlou was arguably the most influential poet of modern Iran. His initial poetry was influenced by and in the tradition of Nima Youshij. In fact, Abdolali Dastgheib, Iranian literary critic, argues that Shamlou is one of the pioneers of modern Farsi poetry and has had the greatest influence, after Nima, on Iranian poets of his era. Shamlou's poetry is complex, yet his imagery, which contributes significantly to the intensity of his poems, is simple. As the base, he uses the traditional imagery familiar to his Iranian audience through the works of Persian masters like Hafiz and Omar Khayy\u00e1m. For infrastructure and impact, he uses a kind of everyday imagery in which personified oxymoronic elements are spiked with an unreal combination of the abstract and the concrete thus far unprecedented in Persian poetry, which distressed some of the admirers of more traditional poetry.\nShamlou has translated extensively from French to Persian and his own works are also translated into a number of languages. He has also written a number of plays, edited the works of major classical Persian poets, especially Hafiz. His thirteen-volume Ketab-e Koucheh (The Book of Alley) is a major contribution in understanding the Iranian folklore beliefs and language. He also wrote fiction and screenplays, contributing to children's literature, and journalism.", "Q648359": "Franklin Nathaniel Jonas (born September 28, 2000) is an American actor who was a voice actor in the film Ponyo and was a recurring character in the television series Jonas.\n\n", "Q117374": "Michel \u00c9douard Levie (Binche, 4 October 1851 - Saint-Josse-ten-Noode, 6 March 1939) was a Belgian politician and member of the Catholic Party. He was a doctor of law, and also practiced as a lawyer.\nLevie was a member of the Chamber of Representatives from 1900 until 1921; Minister of Finance between 1911 and 1914. He was made Minister of State on 21 November 1918.\nA square (Square Levie-Levieplein) in Schaerbeek, Brussels is named in his honour.", "Q1334710": "Timothy Peter Pigott-Smith, (13 May 1946 \u2013 7 April 2017) was an English film and television actor and author. He was best known for his leading role as Ronald Merrick in the television drama series The Jewel in the Crown, for which he won the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor in 1985. Other noted TV roles included roles in The Chief, Midsomer Murders, The Vice, The Suspicions of Mr Whicher, King Charles III and two Doctor Who stories (The Claws of Axos (1971) & The Masque of Mandragora (1976)). Pigott-Smith appeared in many notable films including: Clash of the Titans (1981), Gangs of New York (2002), Johnny English (2003), Alexander (2004), V for Vendetta (2005), Quantum of Solace (2008), Red 2 (2013) and Jupiter Ascending (2015).", "Q151321": "Leopold II (Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard; 5 May 1747 \u2013 1 March 1792) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792, and Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was the earliest opponent of capital punishment in modern history. He was a son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and the brother of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, Maria Carolina of Austria and Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor. Leopold was a moderate proponent of enlightened absolutism. He granted the Academy of Georgofili his protection. Despite his brief reign, he is highly regarded. The historian Paul W. Schroeder called him \"one of the most shrewd and sensible monarchs ever to wear a crown\".", "Q118047": "Winston Bernard Coard (born 10 August 1945) is a Grenadian politician who was Deputy Prime Minister in the People's Revolutionary Government of the New Jewel Movement. Coard launched a coup within the revolutionary government and took power for three days until he was himself deposed by General Hudson Austin.", "Q64412": "Frei Paul Otto (German: [\u02c8f\u0281a\u026a \u02c8\u0294\u0254to]; 31 May 1925 \u2013 9 March 2015) was a German architect and structural engineer noted for his use of lightweight structures, in particular tensile and membrane structures, including the roof of the Olympic Stadium in Munich for the 1972 Summer Olympics.\nOtto won the RIBA Royal Gold Medal in 2006 and was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2015, shortly before his death.", "Q523226": "Bonny Warner (now Bonny Simi; born April 7, 1962 in Mount Baldy, California) is an American luger who competed from the early 1980s to the early 1990s. She later competed in women's bobsleigh from 1999 to 2002. She was a pilot for United Airlines from 1990 to 2004, when she quit United and went to work for JetBlue Airways.", "Q107167": "Sleepless in Seattle is a 1993 American romantic comedy film directed and co-written by Nora Ephron, based on a story by Jeff Arch. It stars Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan, alongside a supporting cast featuring Bill Pullman, Ross Malinger, Rob Reiner, Rosie O'Donnell, Gaby Hoffmann, Victor Garber, and Rita Wilson. Released on June 25, 1993, the film was a critical and commercial success, grossing over $227 million worldwide.", "Q331479": "Jean Daninos (2 December 1906 \u2013 13 October 2001) was a Greek-French constructor of luxury cars Facel Vega, born in Paris. \nThe brother of the Pierre Daninos, Jean Daninos had founded the company FACEL (Forges et Ateliers des Constructions d'Eure-et-Loir, forge and construction workshop for the department of Eure-et-Loir) in 1939 with hopes of one day designing and manufacturing his own automobile. An engineer, he had previously collaborated with Citro\u00ebn on the Traction Avant and had worked in the aviation field. \nThe FACEL company produced the bodies of custom cars like the Panhard Dyna cabriolet and the Ford Com\u00e8te. The first Facel Vega model, designed by Daninos himself, debuted in 1954, equipped with a Chrysler engine. Daninos counted among his clients celebrities including (Tony Curtis, Ava Gardner) and racing drivers (Stirling Moss, Maurice Trintignant). Several sports car models followed until the company's demise in the mid-1960s. During ten years of production, FACEL had manufactured 3,000 automobiles.\nDaninos died in Cannes at age 94 from cancer. He was buried with his relatives in Jouy-en-Josas.", "Q213814": "Binghamton is a city in, and the county seat of, Broome County, New York, United States. It lies in the state's Southern Tier region near the Pennsylvania border, in a bowl-shaped valley at the confluence of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers. Binghamton is the principal city and cultural center of the Binghamton metropolitan area (also known as Greater Binghamton, or historically the Triple Cities), home to a quarter million people. The population of the city itself, according to the 2010 census, is 47,376.From the days of the railroad, Binghamton was a transportation crossroads and a manufacturing center, and has been known at different times for the production of cigars, shoes, and computers. IBM was founded nearby, and the flight simulator was invented in the city, leading to a notable concentration of electronics- and defense-oriented firms. This sustained economic prosperity earned Binghamton the moniker of the Valley of Opportunity. However, following cuts made by defense firms after the end of the Cold War, the region has lost a significant portion of its manufacturing industry.Today, while there is a continued concentration of high-tech firms, Binghamton is emerging as a healthcare- and education-focused city, with the presence of Binghamton University acting as much of the driving force behind this revitalization.", "Q834338": "Boman Irani is an Indian theatre and film actor, voice artist and photographer of Irani descent, who works in Bollywood films. After making his film debut with the 2003 anthology horror film Darna Mana Hai, Irani had his first commercial success with the 2003 comedy Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. He subsequently starred in several highly successful productions including Main Hoon Na (2004), Veer-Zaara (2004), No Entry (2005), Don (2006), Heyy Babyy (2007), Dostana (2008), Housefull (2010), Cocktail (2012), Jolly LLB (2013), Bhoothnath Returns (2014), Housefull 3 (2016) and Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran (2018). Irani's highest-grossing releases came with several films that rank among the highest-grossing Indian films of all time, including Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006), 3 Idiots (2009), Don 2 (2011), Housefull 2 (2012), Happy New Year (2014), PK (2014), Dilwale (2015), Sanju (2018) and Total Dhamaal (2019). His performance in 3 Idiots won him the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor.\n\n", "Q2838243": "The People's Alliance (Spanish: Alianza Popular, AP) was a post-Francoist electoral coalition, and later a conservative political party in Spain, founded in 1976 as federation of political associations. Transformed into a party in 1977 and led by Manuel Fraga, it became the main conservative right-wing party in Spain. It was refounded as the People's Party in 1989.", "Q120533": "Margaret LeAnn Rimes Cibrian (born August 28, 1982) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and author. Rimes rose to stardom at age 13 following the release of her version of the Bill Mack song \"Blue\", becoming the youngest country music star since Tanya Tucker in 1972.Rimes made her breakthrough into country music in 1996 with her debut album, Blue, which reached No. 1 on the Top Country Albums chart and was certified multi-platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The album's eponymous leadoff single, \"Blue\", became a Top 10 hit, and Rimes gained national acclaim for her similarity to Patsy Cline's vocal style. When she released her second studio album in 1997, You Light Up My Life: Inspirational Songs, she moved towards country pop material, which set the trend for a string of albums released into the next decade.Rimes has won many awards, including two Grammys, three ACMs, a CMA, 12 Billboard Music Awards, and one American Music award. She has released ten studio albums and three compilation albums and two greatest hits albums, one released in the U.S. and the other released internationally, through her record label of 13 years, Curb Records, and placed over 40 singles on American and international charts since 1996. She has sold over 37 million records worldwide, with 20.8 million album sales in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan. Billboard ranked her 17th artist of the 1990\u20132000 decade. Rimes has also written four books: two novels and two children's books. Her hit song \"How Do I Live\" was ranked as the most successful song of the 1990s by Billboard magazine.", "Q182192": "Georges Ren\u00e9 Louis Marchais (7 June 1920 \u2013 16 November 1997) was the head of the French Communist Party (PCF) from 1972 to 1994, and a candidate in the French presidential elections of 1981.", "Q98642": "Rudolf Jordan (21 June 1902 \u2013 27 October 1988) was the Gauleiter in Halle-Merseburg and Magdeburg-Anhalt in the time of the Third Reich. After the war, he was sentenced to 25 years in a Soviet Union labour camp. Released from the camp in October 1955, he died in Munich in 1988.", "Q383220": "The Under-Gifted (French: Les sous-dou\u00e9s) is a 1980 French comedy film directed by Claude Zidi.", "Q1174373": "David Evans (born January 22, 1944) is an American ethnomusicologist and director of the Ethnomusicology/Regional Studies program at the Rudi E. Scheidt School of Music in the University of Memphis, where he has worked since 1978.He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. He studied at UCLA and began making trips to the southern states in the 1960s to research and record blues musicians. He recorded the singer Jack Owens in 1970 and later produced records for Jessie Mae Hemphill and other blues musicians. His research work in the Deep South was mentioned extensively in Robert Palmer's tome, Deep Blues.As head of the University of Memphis's High Water Recording Company, he made numerous recordings of performers in the Memphis area, some of whom were not previously documented. He has written or edited a number of books on the blues and has written liner notes and booklets for various music releases. He won a Grammy Award in 2003 for \"Best Album Notes\" for the CD Screamin' and Hollerin' the Blues: The Worlds of Charley Patton.Evans has also been performing in the United States and elsewhere, both solo and with the Last Chance Jug Band. His discography includes Match Box Blues (Inside Sounds, 2002); I Didn't Know About You (Heavywood, 2005); Needy Times (Inside Sounds, 2007) and Shake That Thing! (Inside Sounds, 2006).", "Q158488": "Piekary \u015al\u0105skie ([p\u02b2\u025b\u02c8kar\u0268 \u02c8\u0255l\u0254\u0303sk\u02b2\u025b]) (German: Deutsch Piekar; Silesian: Pjekary) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. The north district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union \u2013 metropolis with the population of 2 million. Located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Brynica river (tributary of the Vistula).\nIt is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999, previously in Katowice Voivodeship, and before then, of the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. Piekary \u015al\u0105skie is one of the cities of the 2.7 million conurbation \u2013 Katowice urban area and within a greater Silesian metropolitan area populated by about 5,294,000 people. The population of the city is 55,088 (2019).\nPiekary is a spiritual center of Upper Silesia, a Marian shrine which is a pilgrimage site for thousands of the faithful, and a mining town.", "Q1115941": "Vilhelm Peter Gr\u00f8nbech (14 June 1873 \u2013 21 April 1948) was a Danish cultural historian. He was professor of the history of religion at the University of Copenhagen and also had a great influence on Danish intellectual life, especially during and after World War II.", "Q970208": "Liver failure is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised, acute and chronic (cirrhosis). Recently, a third form of liver failure known as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is increasingly being recognized.", "Q349529": "Adam Michael Goldstein (March 30, 1973 \u2013 August 28, 2009), known professionally as DJ AM, was an American disc jockey (DJ). Born in Philadelphia, Goldstein became interested in deejaying as a child after watching Herbie Hancock perform his 1983 single \"Rockit\". Goldstein developed a drug addiction as a teenager and was sent to the controversial rehabilitation center Straight, Incorporated. After he left the center, his drug problems became worse; he was addicted to crack cocaine for several years in his early twenties. After he attempted suicide in 1997, Goldstein became sober and later sponsored other addicts through Alcoholics Anonymous.\nGoldstein began deejaying in clubs in Los Angeles and joined the band Crazy Town in 1999. He left the group in 2001 and focused on a career as a solo DJ. After he began dating Nicole Richie in 2003, his career skyrocketed. In 2006, he accepted a $1 million contract to perform weekly at Caesars Palace on the Las Vegas strip and was also charging upwards of $10,000 for private events. In 2008 Goldstein and Travis Barker formed the duo TRV$DJAM. Barker and Goldstein were the only two survivors of the 2008 South Carolina Learjet 60 crash, which killed the other four people on board.\nGoldstein appeared as himself in several television series, contributed mixes to and portrayed a playable character in the video game DJ Hero, and filmed a cameo appearance for Iron Man 2. Goldstein hosted the 2009 MTV drug intervention series Gone Too Far, and he appeared to be struggling with his addiction during filming. On August 28, 2009, he was found dead in his New York City apartment from a drug overdose. The DJ AM Memorial Fund, an organization designed to help people struggling with drug addiction, was launched in his memory by his sister, and Iron Man 2, which was released in 2010, was dedicated to him.", "Q1641839": "Experimental rock, also called avant-rock, is a subgenre of rock music which pushes the boundaries of common composition and performance technique or which experiments with the basic elements of the genre. Artists aim to liberate and innovate, with some of the genre's distinguishing characteristics being improvisational performances, avant-garde influences, odd instrumentation, opaque lyrics (or instrumentals), unorthodox structures and rhythms, and an underlying rejection of commercial aspirations.From its inception, rock music was experimental, but it was not until the late 1960s that rock artists began creating extended and complex compositions through advancements in multitrack recording. In 1967, the genre was as commercially viable as pop music, but by 1970, most of its leading players had incapacitated themselves in some form. In Germany, the krautrock subgenre merged elements of improvisation and psychedelic rock with electronic music, avant-garde and contemporary classical pieces. Later in the 1970s, significant musical crossbreeding took place in tandem with the developments of punk and new wave, DIY experimentation, and electronic music. Funk, jazz-rock, and fusion rhythms also became integrated into experimental rock music.\nThe first wave of 1980s experimental rock groups had few direct precedents for their sound. Later in the decade, avant-rock pursued a psychedelic aesthetic that differed from the self-consciousness and vigilance of earlier post-punk. During the 1990s, a loose movement known as post-rock became the dominant form of experimental rock. As of the 2010s, the term \"experimental rock\" has fallen to indiscriminate use, with many modern rock bands being categorized under prefixes such as \"post-\", \"kraut-\", \"psych-\", \"art-\", \"prog-\", \"avant-\" and \"noise-\".", "Q115588": "Johann Jakob Bodmer (19 July 1698 \u2013 2 January 1783) was a Swiss author, academic, critic and poet.", "Q60847": "Ludwig Mond (7 March 1839 \u2013 11 December 1909) was a German-born chemist and industrialist who took British nationality. He discovered an important, previously unknown, class of compounds called metal carbonyls.", "Q85175": "Bryan Joseph Konietzko (born June 1, 1975) is an American animation director, writer, producer and musician. He is best known, together with Michael Dante DiMartino, as the co-creator and executive producer of the animated series Avatar: The Last Airbender and The Legend of Korra.", "Q3359352": "Niels Aall (1 December 1769 \u2013 23 October 1854) was a Norwegian estate owner, businessman and politician.", "Q191850": "Tommaso Campanella (Italian pronunciation: [tom\u02c8ma\u02d0zo kampa\u02c8n\u025blla]; 5 September 1568 \u2013 21 May 1639), baptized Giovanni Domenico Campanella, was a Dominican friar, Italian philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet.", "Q2022317": "Hounslow () is a large suburban town, and the principal town of the London Borough of Hounslow in Greater London, England. Hounslow is identified as a major metropolitan centre in the London Plan. It is located near London Heathrow Airport and is about 10.7 miles (17.2 km) west-southwest of Charing Cross, 15 miles (24 km) south-east of Slough, 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Southall, 2 miles (3.2 km) north-west of Twickenham, and 6.5 miles (10.5 km) north-east of Staines-upon-Thames.\nHounslow has a large shopping centre, called the Treaty Centre, which adjoins its high street and many restaurants, caf\u00e9s and small businesses, many of which are associated with product assembly, marketing, telecommunications and Heathrow Airport. It is connected to Central London by South Western Railway's Hounslow Loop Line and Hounslow station, and by the London Underground's Piccadilly line through three stations - Hounslow West, Hounslow Central and Hounslow East. \n\n", "Q41651": "Kristina M. Johnson (born May 7, 1957) is an American business executive, engineer, academic, and former government official, and 13th Chancellor of the State University of New York. She has been a leader in the development of optoelectronic processing systems, 3-D imaging, and color-management systems.", "Q510607": "Grigory Sergeyevich Shvedov (\u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432, born 14 October 1976) is a Russian human rights activist and journalist, known for his efforts in promoting human rights in Russia, most notably in the Caucasus region. He is currently the editor-in-chief of the Caucasian Knot (\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0437\u0435\u043b), an online news medium established to provide unbiased information regarding political oppression, human rights violations, and the ongoing violent conflict throughout the region. In 2012, he received the Geuzenpenning for his efforts.", "Q1351177": "Timothy Alan Patrick Rose (September 23, 1940 \u2013 September 24, 2002), was an American singer and songwriter who spent much of his life in London, England, and had more success in Europe than in his native country.", "Q3551": "Rabat (, also UK: , US: ; French: [\u0281aba]; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0637\u200e, romanized: ar-rib\u0101\u1e6d; Berber languages: \u2d30\u2d55\u2d31\u2d30\u2d5f, romanized: A\u1e5b\u1e5bba\u1e6d) is the capital city of Morocco and the country's seventh largest city with an urban population of approximately 580,000 (2014) and a metropolitan population of over 1.2 million. It is also the capital city of the Rabat-Sal\u00e9-K\u00e9nitra administrative region. Rabat is located on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the river Bou Regreg, opposite Sal\u00e9, the city's main commuter town.\nRabat was founded in the 12th century by the Almohad ruler Abd al-Mu'min as a military town. The city steadily grew but went into an extended period of decline following the collapse of the Almohads. In the 17th century Rabat became a haven for Barbary pirates. The French established a protectorate over Morocco in 1912 and made Rabat its administrative center. Morocco achieved independence in 1955 and Rabat became its capital.\nRabat, Temara, and Sal\u00e9 form a conurbation of over 1.8 million people. Silt-related problems have diminished Rabat's role as a port; however, Rabat, and Sal\u00e9 still maintain important textile, food processing and construction industries. In addition, tourism and the presence of all foreign embassies in Morocco serve to make Rabat one of the most important cities in the country. The Moroccan capital was ranked at second place by CNN in its \"Top Travel Destinations of 2013\". It is one of four Imperial cities of Morocco, and the medina of Rabat is listed as a World Heritage Site. Rabat is accessible by train through the ONCF system and by plane through the nearby Rabat\u2013Sal\u00e9 Airport.", "Q656": "Saint Petersburg (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433, tr. Sankt-Peterburg, IPA: [\u02c8sankt p\u02b2\u026at\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8burk] (listen)), formerly known as Petrograd (\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434) (1914\u20131924), then Leningrad (\u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434) (1924\u20131991), is a city situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. It is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow. With over 5.3 million inhabitants as of 2018, it is the fourth-most populous city in Europe. An important Russian port on the Baltic Sea, it has a status of a federal subject (a federal city).\nThe city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May [O.S. 16 May] 1703, on the site of a captured Swedish fortress. It served as a capital of the Russian Tsardom and the subsequent Russian Empire from 1713 to 1918 (being replaced by Moscow for a short period of time between 1728 and 1730). After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks moved their government to Moscow.In modern times, Saint Petersburg is considered the Northern Capital and serves as a home to some federal government bodies such as the Constitutional Court of Russia and the Heraldic Council of the President of the Russian Federation. It is also a seat for the National Library of Russia and a planned location for the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments constitute a UNESCO World Heritage Site, so it's also referred to as Russia's Culture Capital. Saint Petersburg is home to the Hermitage, one of the largest art museums in the world.Many foreign consulates, international corporations, banks and businesses have offices in Saint Petersburg.", "Q211756": "Dance-pop is a popular music subgenre that originated in the early 1980s. It is generally uptempo music intended for nightclubs with the intention of being danceable but also suitable for contemporary hit radio. Developing from a combination of dance and pop with influences of disco, post-disco and synth-pop, it is generally characterised by strong beats with easy, uncomplicated song structures which are generally more similar to pop music than the more free-form dance genre, with an emphasis on melody as well as catchy tunes. The genre, on the whole, tends to be producer-driven, despite some notable exceptions.Dance-pop is known for being highly eclectic, having borrowed influences from other genres, which varied by producers, artists and periods. Such include contemporary R&B, house, trance, techno, electropop, new jack swing, funk and pop rock.\nDance-pop is a popular mainstream style of music and there have been numerous pop artists and groups who perform in the genre. Notable ones include Cher, Madonna, Britney Spears, Kylie Minogue, Christina Aguilera, Spice Girls, Paula Abdul, Backstreet Boys, Michael Jackson, NSYNC, Janet Jackson, Rihanna, Taylor Swift, Selena Gomez, Katy Perry, Lady Gaga, and Ariana Grande.", "Q200883": "Robert Arthur Moog ( MOHG; May 23, 1934 \u2013 August 21, 2005) was an American engineer and pioneer of electronic music. He was the founder of Moog Music and the inventor of the first commercial synthesizer, the Moog synthesizer, debuted in 1964. This was followed in 1970 by a more portable model, the Minimoog, described as the most famous and influential synthesizer in history.\nMoog created fundamental synthesizer concepts such as the pitch wheel, modularity, envelope generation, and voltage control. He is credited for helping bring synthesizers to a wider audience and influencing the development of popular music. His only patent was on his filter design; commentators have speculated that he would have become extremely wealthy had he patented his other innovations, but that their availablity in the public domain helped the synthesizer industry flourish.\nIn 1971, he sold Moog Music to Norlin Musical Instruments, where he remained as a designer until 1977. In 1978, he founded the company Big Briar, and in 2002 renamed it Moog Music after buying back the rights to the name. In his later years, Moog taught at the University of North Carolina at Asheville, and worked on designs for further instruments.\n\n", "Q76943": "Karl Gerhart \"Gert\" Fr\u00f6be (German: [\u02c8\u0261\u025b\u0250\u032ft \u02c8f\u0281\u00f8\u02d0b\u0259]; 25 February 1913 \u2013 5 September 1988) was a German film and stage actor. He is best known in English-speaking countries for his work as Auric Goldfinger in the James Bond film Goldfinger, as Peachum in The Threepenny Opera, as Baron Bomburst in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, as Hotzenplotz in Der R\u00e4uber Hotzenplotz and Colonel Manfred von Holstein in Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines.\n\n", "Q269835": "Dame Eileen June Atkins, (born 16 June 1934) is an English actress and occasional screenwriter. She has worked in the theatre, film, and television consistently since 1953. In 2008, she won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress and the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for Cranford. She is also a three-time Olivier Award winner, winning Best Supporting Performance in 1988 (for Multiple roles) and Best Actress for The Unexpected Man (1999) and Honour (2004). She was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1990 and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 2001.\nAtkins joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1957 and made her Broadway debut in the 1966 production of The Killing of Sister George, for which she received the first of four Tony Award nominations for Best Actress in a Play in 1967. She received subsequent nominations for, Vivat! Vivat Regina! (1972), Indiscretions (1995) and The Retreat from Moscow (2004). Other stage credits include The Tempest (Old Vic 1962), Exit the King (Edinburgh Festival and Royal Court 1963), The Promise (New York 1967), The Night of the Tribades (New York 1977), Medea (Young Vic 1985), A Delicate Balance (Haymarket, West End 1997) and Doubt (New York 2006).\nAtkins co-created the television dramas Upstairs, Downstairs (1971\u201375) and The House of Elliot (1991\u201393) with Jean Marsh. She also wrote the screenplay for the 1997 film Mrs Dalloway. Her film appearances include Equus (1977), The Dresser (1983), Let Him Have It (1991), Wolf (1994), Jack and Sarah (1995), Gosford Park (2001), Evening (2005), Last Chance Harvey (2008), Robin Hood (2010) and Magic in the Moonlight (2014).", "Q69863": "Pr\u00eales (German name: Pr\u00e4gelz) is a former municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).\nThe proposed merger of the municipalities of Diesse, Lamboing, Nods and Pr\u00eales into the new municipality of Le Plateau de Diesse was rejected by voters. However, on 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Pr\u00eales, Diesse and Lamboing merged into the new municipality of Plateau de Diesse.", "Q221695": "Gr\u00eamio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u027e\u1ebdmju \u02ccfut\u0283\u02c8b\u0254w \u02ccpo\u027etw \u0250l\u025b\u02c8\u0261\u027e\u1ebdsi]), commonly known as Gr\u00eamio, is a Brazilian professional football club based in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. The club plays in the Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A, the top tier of the Brazilian football league system, and the Campeonato Ga\u00facho, Rio Grande do Sul's top state league. The club was founded in 1903. The club's home ground is the Arena do Gr\u00eamio, to which it moved in 2013, having previously played at Est\u00e1dio Ol\u00edmpico Monumental since 1954.\nGr\u00eamio was the first club outside the Southeast of Brazil to become World Champion, after beating Hamburger SV in 1983 (2-1) . Also, Gr\u00eamio is the Brazilian club that most won the Copa Libertadores da Am\u00e9rica (3), alongside S\u00e3o Paulo (3) and Santos (3).As of 2017, Gr\u00eamio was ranked number one in the CBF club rankings and is listed by Forbes as the third most valuable football club in the Americas with an estimated value of $295.5 million. Gr\u00eamio has won 38 Campeonato Ga\u00facho, 2 Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A, 1 Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie B, 1 Supercopa do Brasil, 1 Copa Sul and 5 Copa do Brasil. Internationally, Gr\u00eamio has won 1 Intercontinental Cup, 3 Copa Libertadores de Am\u00e9rica, 2 Recopa Sudamericana and 1 Sanwa Bank Cup. Gr\u00eamio usually plays in a tricolor (blue, black and white) striped shirt, black shorts and white socks. \nGr\u00eamio has a fierce rivalry with Internacional, which is widely considered the most heated in Brazil and one of the most heated in the world. Matches between the two teams are known as Grenal.", "Q57755": "Matthias Erzberger (20 September 1875 \u2013 26 August 1921) was a German publicist and politician, Reich Minister of Finance from 1919 to 1920.\nProminent in the Catholic Centre Party, he spoke out against World War I from 1917 and as authorized representative of the Reich government signed the armistice between Germany and the Allies. He was assassinated in 1921 by the right-wing terrorist group Organisation Consul.", "Q305051": "Arthur Russell Thorndike (6 February 1885, Rochester, Kent \u2013 7 November 1972) was a British actor and novelist, best known for the Doctor Syn of Romney Marsh novels. Less well-known than his sister Sybil but equally versatile, Russell Thorndike's first love was writing and, after serving in World War I, he devoted himself to it.\n\n", "Q767345": "Giuseppe Cossiga (born 30 October 1963) is an Italian politician, actually member of Brothers of Italy (FdI). Deputy from 2001 to 2013, he became (with Guido Crosetto) Undersecretary of State for Defence in the fourth cabinet of Silvio Berlusconi (2008-2011).\n\n", "Q827344": "Bert Ehgartner (born 7 October 1962 in Waidhofen an der Ybbs, Lower Austria, Austria) is an Austrian author, journalist, screenwriter, executive producer and director.", "Q59778": "The Church of Greece (Greek: \u1f18\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2, Ekklis\u00eda tis Ell\u00e1dos [ekli\u02c8sia tis e\u02c8la\u00f0os]), part of the wider Greek Orthodox Church, is one of the autocephalous churches which make up the communion of Orthodox Christianity. Its canonical territory is confined to the borders of Greece prior to the Balkan Wars of 1912\u20131913 (\"Old Greece\"), with the rest of Greece (the \"New Lands\", Crete, and the Dodecanese) being subject to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. However, most of the dioceses of the Metropolises of the New Lands are de facto administered as part of the Church of Greece for practical reasons, under an agreement between the churches of Athens and Constantinople. The primate of the Church of Greece is the archbishop of Athens and All Greece.", "Q2291171": "DCD2 Records, formerly known as Decaydance Records, is an independent record label owned by Patrick Stump and Pete Wentz of Fall Out Boy and partners, based in New York City. It was founded as an imprint of Fueled by Ramen. The first band Wentz signed to the label was Panic! at the Disco. In 2014, the label relaunched as DCD2 Records, keeping the acts that were still signed to Decaydance before the relaunch. New Politics and Lolo were the first acts signed under the new name.", "Q17483904": "Guy-Louis Vernansal (1648-1729) was a French painter. He studied under Charles Le Brun and produced tapestry designs for the Gobelins and Beauvais manufactories. He was admitted to the Acad\u00e9mie royale de peinture et de sculpture in 1687, though he spent much of his life in Italy, particularly Rome and Padua.", "Q164417": "Corpse Bride (also known as Tim Burton's Corpse Bride) is a 2005 stop-motion animated musical horror fantasy film directed by Mike Johnson and Tim Burton with a screenplay by John August, Caroline Thompson and Pamela Pettler based on characters created by Burton and Carlos Grangel. The plot is set in a fictional Victorian era village in England. Johnny Depp leads the cast as the voice of Victor, while Helena Bonham Carter voices Emily, the titular bride. Corpse Bride is the third stop-motion feature film produced by Burton and the first directed by him (the previous two films, The Nightmare Before Christmas and James and the Giant Peach, were directed by Henry Selick). This is also the first stop-motion feature from Burton that was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It was dedicated to executive producer Joe Ranft, who died in a car crash during production.\nThe film was a critical and commercial success and was nominated for the 78th Academy Awards for Best Animated Feature, but lost to Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit, which also starred Bonham Carter. It was shot with Canon EOS-1D Mark II digital SLRs, rather than the 35mm film cameras used for Burton's previous stop-motion film The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993).", "Q1400611": "Franz \"Schnuckenack\" Reinhardt (17 February 1921 \u2013 15 April 2006) was a gypsy jazz musician (violinist), composer and interpreter. He was considered the \"great violin virtuoso of Sinti music.\" He was a German Sinto; his music was mostly published and categorized under the contemporary names gypsy jazz or \"Musik deutscher Zigeuner\" (music of German gypsies). He \"made this music accessible to a broad public\" and made the most significant contribution to the presentation of gypsy music and jazz in Germany into a concert form. He was the pioneer of this style of music in Germany and directly or indirectly inspired many of the succeeding generation of gypsy jazz players in that country, as well as preserving on record a great many folkloric and gypsy compositions for future generations.", "Q464192": "Vladimir Vasilievich Stasov (sometimes transliterated as Stassov; Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432; 14 January [O.S. 2 January] 1824, in Saint Petersburg \u2013 23 October [O.S. 10 October] 1906, in Saint Petersburg), son of Russian architect Vasily Petrovich Stasov (1769\u20131848), was probably the most respected Russian critic during his lifetime. He graduated from the School of Jurisprudence in 1843, was admitted to the Imperial Academy of Arts in 1859, and was made honorary fellow of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1900, together with his friend Leo Tolstoy.\nStasov became a prominent figure in mid-19th-century Russian culture. He discovered a large number of its greatest talents, inspired many of their works and fought their battles in numerous articles and letters to the press. As such, he carried on a lifelong debate with Russian novelist and playwright Ivan Turgenev, who considered Stasov \"our great all-Russian critic.\" He wanted Russian art to liberate itself from what he saw as Europe's hold. By copying the west, he felt, Russian artists could be, at best, second-rate. However, by borrowing from their own native traditions, they might create a truly national art that could match Europe's with its high artistic standards and originality. By \"national\" Stasov meant an art that would not only portray people's lives but also be meaningful to them and show them how to live.", "Q85613": "Franz Hofer (November 27, 1902 in Bad Hofgastein \u2013 February 18, 1975 in M\u00fclheim an der Ruhr) was, in the time of the Third Reich, the Nazi Gauleiter of the Tyrol and Vorarlberg. As the Nazi party chief for the Tirol/Vorarlberg province he was the most powerful figure in the region. As the area's supreme Nazi, Hofer dealt directly with Hitler or with the F\u00fchrer's deputy, Martin Bormann. Hofer was not only the party chief but the Reichskommissar in charge of the Tirol-Vorarlberg defences. His region embraced much of the suspected National Redoubt. Indeed, Hofer might well be considered the father of the Redoubt.Born to a Bad Hofgastein hotelkeeper, Hofer went to the Volksschule-Realschule in Innsbruck and in 1922 began a career as a freelance salesman. In September 1931, he joined the NSDAP. He very quickly rose in the Party, becoming District Leader in April 1932, and in July of the same year acting Gauleiter of the Tyrol. Only four months later, on 27 November 1932 \u2013 Hofer's thirtieth birthday \u2013 he was promoted to Gauleiter of the Tyrol.\nFor his activities in the Nazi Party, which was banned in Austria, Hofer was arrested in June 1933 and sentenced by a Tyrolean court to two years in prison. On 30 August 1933, 4 armed SA men broke into Hofer's prison cell by force and freed him. He fled the prison amid gunfire, which wounded him. He made it to Italy, and only a few weeks later gave a speech at the Nuremberg Party Congress from his stretcher.\nIn early 1937, having recovered from his gunshot wounds, Hofer became leader of the \"Leaders' and Members' Political Gathering Place for Austrians in Germany\", with a job in Berlin.\nAfter the Anschluss, he was once again appointed the Gauleiter of the Tyrol and Vorarlberg. In the same year, he was given the function of ministerial adviser and the rank of NSKK Obergruppenf\u00fchrer. On 1 September 1940 he was furthermore made the governor (Reichsstatthalter) of the Reichsgau of Tyrol-Vorarlberg.\nAfter Italy forsook the Axis Powers, Hofer was chosen on 10 September 1943 to be the Supreme Commissar in the Operation Zone of the Alpine Foothills (consisting of the neighbouring Italian provinces of Belluno, South Tyrol and Trentino joined to his own Reichsgau of Tyrol-Vorarlberg).\nGauleiter Hofer was an accomplished marksman who often competed in regional and national shooting matches. In 1944 Hofer won a shooting competition in the city of Bolzano, qualifying him for the national competition which was held in Innsbruck that year. Using a specially crafted 22 cal Mauser rifle (serial #300354) Hofer finished 7th.\nIn November 1944, Hofer suggested in a memorandum to Adolf Hitler that an \"Alpenfestung\" (\"Alpine Fortress\") ought to be built up in the heart of the Alps as Nazi Germany's last bastion. Apparently Hitler's secretary Martin Bormann only brought this document to the F\u00fchrer's attention early the next year. Hofer had a personal audience with Hitler in late January 1945. 'Hofer reminded the German leader that the Allies dreaded the thought of continued fighting from an Alpenfestung. Considering the fact that the Ardennes Offensive had failed, Hitler was receptive to such an idea. The German leader authorized preparations to fortify the Alps.'Hofer and his team actually started work on this in mid-February.Hofer was called to Hitler's Berlin bunker again on 12 April 1945 to discuss further his proposal. Hitler \u2013 18 days before his own suicide and still convinced that his Endsieg was possible \u2013 again approved Hofer's ongoing plan and appointed him Reich Defence Commissar of the Alpenfestung.\nOn May 3, 1945 Hofer surrendered to American troops. This surrender was achieved by OSS agent Frederick Mayer. \nIt was not long before Hofer's freedom was curtailed. On 6 May 1945, he was arrested by the United States Army in Hall in Tirol and held in an internment camp. In 1948, he managed to flee to Germany, where he continued his former trade as a salesman in M\u00fclheim, in the end under his true name.\nIn Austria in June 1949, Hofer was sentenced to death in absentia. In July 1953, a Munich appeal court upheld a sentence of 3 years and 5 months in labour prison. When interviewed by the press during this time, Hofer made it known he was unrepentant about his National Socialist convictions.\nIn 1964, a lawsuit brought by Hofer's children for the return of ownership of the Lachhof bei Hall where their father had lived while he was the Gauleiter, was dismissed by an Austrian court.\nHofer spent his later years in M\u00fclheim an der Ruhr with his wife and seven children, continued his former trade as a salesman and died a natural death on February 18, 1975, under his real name.", "Q38392": "William Cuthbert Faulkner (; September 25, 1897 \u2013 July 6, 1962) was an American writer and Nobel Prize laureate from Oxford, Mississippi. Faulkner wrote novels, short stories, screenplays, poetry, essays, and a play. He is primarily known for his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, based on Lafayette County, Mississippi, where he spent most of his life.Faulkner is one of the most celebrated writers in American literature generally and Southern literature specifically. Though his work was published as early as 1919 and largely during the 1920s and 1930s, Faulkner's renown reached its peak upon the publication of Malcolm Cowley's The Portable Faulkner and his 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature, making him the only Mississippi-born Nobel winner. Two of his works, A Fable (1954) and his last novel The Reivers (1962), each won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked his 1929 novel The Sound and the Fury sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century; also on the list were As I Lay Dying (1930) and Light in August (1932). Absalom, Absalom! (1936) appears on similar lists.", "Q14678": "Dietrich Richard Alfred von Hildebrand (12 October 1889 \u2013 26 January 1977) was a German Roman Catholic philosopher and theologian.\nHildebrand was called \"the twentieth-century Doctor of the Church\" by Pope Pius XII. Pope John Paul II also greatly admired the work of Hildebrand, remarking once to his widow, Alice von Hildebrand, \"Your husband is one of the great ethicists of the twentieth century.\" Benedict XVI also has a particular admiration and regard for Hildebrand, whom he knew as a young priest in Munich. The degree of Pope Benedict's esteem is expressed in one of his statements about Hildebrand: \"When the intellectual history of the Catholic Church in the twentieth century is written, the name of Dietrich von Hildebrand will be most prominent among the figures of our time.\"\nA vocal critic of the changes in the church brought by the Second Vatican Council, Hildebrand became vice director of Luigi Villa's Chiesa viva (\"Living Church\") He was especially critical of the new liturgy and helped to promote appreciation of and attendance at the traditional Mass.", "Q318766": "The Terminal is a 2004 American comedy-drama film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Tom Hanks, Catherine Zeta-Jones, and Stanley Tucci. The film is about an Eastern European man who becomes stuck in New York's John F. Kennedy Airport terminal when he is denied entry into the United States and at the same time is unable to return to his native country because of a military coup.\nThe film is partially inspired by the 18-year stay of Mehran Karimi Nasseri in Terminal 1 of Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, France, from 1988 to 2006. After finishing his previous film, Catch Me If You Can, Spielberg decided to direct The Terminal because he wanted to make another film \"that could make us laugh and cry and feel good about the world\". Due to a lack of suitable airports willing to provide their facilities for the production, an entire working set was built inside a large hangar at the LA/Palmdale Regional Airport, while most of the film's exterior shots were from the Montr\u00e9al\u2013Mirabel International Airport.\nThe film was released in North America on June 18, 2004 to mixed reviews but was a commercial success, earning $77.9 million in domestic grosses and 219.4 million worldwide.", "Q242468": "A tailor is a person who makes, repairs, or alters clothing professionally, especially suits and men's clothing.\nAlthough the term dates to the thirteenth century, tailor took on its modern sense in the late eighteenth century, and now refers to makers of men's and women's suits, coats, trousers, and similar garments, usually of wool, linen, or silk.\nThe term refers to a set of specific hand and machine sewing and pressing techniques that are unique to the construction of traditional jackets. Retailers of tailored suits often take their services internationally, traveling to various cities, allowing the client to be measured locally.\nTraditional tailoring is called \"bespoke tailoring\" in the United Kingdom, where the heart of the trade is London's Savile Row tailoring, and \"custom tailoring\" in the United States and Hong Kong. This is unlike made to measure which uses pre-existing patterns. A bespoke garment or suit is completely original and unique to each customer.\nFamous fictional tailors include the tailor in The Tailor of Gloucester, The Emperor's New Clothes and The Valiant Little Tailor. A more recent example is John le Carr\u00e9's The Tailor of Panama.", "Q233291": "Carmit Maile Bachar (Hebrew: \u05db\u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05db\u05e8\u200e; born September 4, 1974), known professionally as Carmit, is an American-Israeli singer, dancer, model, actress and showgirl. She is a member of Pussycat Dolls. She is married to longtime partner Kevin Whitaker and gave birth to Keala Rose on September 18, 2011.In November 2019, it was announced that Carmit had rejoined Pussycat Dolls for their 2020 reunion tour. They released their comeback single React on February 7th 2020.", "Q45351": "Notker Wolf OSB (born 21 June 1940 in Unterallg\u00e4u, Bavaria) served as the ninth Abbot Primate of the Benedictine Confederation of the Order of Saint Benedict. He was elected to his position as Abbot Primate in 2000, succeeding Marcel Rooney, and ended his final term in 2016.", "Q4786206": "Archibald Barr FRS FRSE LLD (18 November 1855, Glenfield House, Paisley, Renfrewshire \u2013 5 August 1931) was a Scottish scientific engineer, inventor and businessman. He was a co-founder of Barr & Stroud, and invented the Barr & Stroud Rangefinder.", "Q75292": "Max Isidor Bodenheimer (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e7\u05e1 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05e0\u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05e8\u200e; 12 March 1865 in Stuttgart \u2013 19 July, 1940 in Jerusalem) was a lawyer and one of the main figures in German Zionism. An associate of Theodor Herzl, he was the first president of the Zionist Federation of Germany and one of the founders of the Jewish National Fund. After his flight in 1933 from Nazi Germany, and a short sojourn in Holland, he settled in Palestine in 1935.", "Q1643790": "Juan Rodolfo Wilcock (17 April 1919 \u2013 16 March 1978) was an Argentine writer, poet, critic and translator. He was the son of Charles Leonard Wilcock and Ida Romegialli. He adopted a son, Livio Bacchi Wilcock, who translated Jorge Luis Borges' work into Italian.", "Q7737": "Russian (\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a, tr. r\u00fassky yaz\u00fdk) is an East Slavic language, which is an official language in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely used throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages, one of the four living members of the East Slavic languages alongside, and part of the larger Balto-Slavic branch. There is a high degree of mutual intelligibility between Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian.\nRussian was the de facto language of the Soviet Union until its dissolution on 25 December 1991. Russian is used in official capacity or in public life in all the post-Soviet nation-states, as well as in Israel and Mongolia.\nRussian is the largest native language in Europe and the most geographically widespread language in Eurasia. It is the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, with 144 million speakers in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. Russian is the seventh-most spoken language in the world by number of native speakers. and the eighth-most spoken language in the world by total number of speakers. The language is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. Russian is also the second-most widespread language on the Internet, after English.Russian distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without, the so-called soft and hard sounds. Almost every consonant has a hard or a soft counterpart, and the distinction is a prominent feature of the language. Another important aspect is the reduction of unstressed vowels. Stress, which is unpredictable, is not normally indicated orthographically though an optional acute accent may be used to mark stress, such as to distinguish between homographic words, for example \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0301\u043a (zam\u00f3k - a lock) and \u0437\u0430\u0301\u043c\u043e\u043a (z\u00e1mok - a castle), or to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names.", "Q288361": "The 39 Steps is a 1959 British thriller film directed by Ralph Thomas and starring Kenneth More and Taina Elg. Produced by Betty Box, it is a remake of the 1935 Alfred Hitchcock film, loosely based on the novel The Thirty-Nine Steps by John Buchan.\nIn the film, diplomat Richard Hannay returns home to London, only to become inadvertently embroiled in the death of a British spy investigating the head of an organisation planning to sell the secret of a British ballistic missile. Hannay thus travels to Scotland to escape the police, and attempts to complete the spy's work.It is the first colour version of the Buchan tale, and, unlike the mainly studio-bound original, features extensive location shooting. Several large set pieces (such as Hannay's escape from the train on the Forth Bridge and the music hall finale) and much of the dialogue are taken from the original film. As with the Hitchcock version, the scenario was contemporary rather than the pre-Great War setting of Buchan's original.", "Q97217": "Ludwik Mycielski (13 April 1854, Warsaw \u2013 6 January 1926) was a Polish politician, president of the National Council (Rada Narodowa) in 1913.", "Q215530": "The Kingdom of Ireland (Classical Irish: R\u00edoghacht \u00c9ireann; Modern Irish: R\u00edocht \u00c9ireann) was a client state of England and then of Great Britain that existed from 1542 until 1800. It was ruled by the monarchs of England and then of Great Britain in personal union with their other realms. The kingdom was administered from Dublin Castle nominally by the King or Queen, who appointed a viceroy (the Lord Deputy, later Lord Lieutenant) to rule in their stead. It had its own legislature (the Parliament of Ireland), peerage (the Peerage of Ireland), legal system, and state church (the Protestant Church of Ireland).\nThe territory of the Kingdom had formerly been a lordship ruled by the kings of England, founded in 1177 after the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. By the 1500s the area of English rule had shrunk greatly, and most of Ireland was held by Gaelic Irish chiefdoms. In 1542, King Henry VIII of England was made King of Ireland. The English began establishing control over the island, which sparked the Desmond Rebellions and the Nine Years\u2019 War. It was completed in the 1600s. The conquest involved confiscating land from the native Irish and colonising it with settlers from Britain.\nIn its early years, the Kingdom had limited recognition, as no Catholic countries in Europe recognised Henry and his heir Edward as monarch of Ireland; although Catholic Queen Mary I was recognised as Queen of Ireland by Pope Paul IV. Catholics, who made up most of the population, were officially discriminated against in the Kingdom, which from the late 17th century was dominated by a Protestant Ascendancy. This discrimination was one of the main drivers behind several conflicts which broke out: the Irish Confederate Wars (1641\u201353), the Williamite-Jacobite War (1689\u201391), the Armagh disturbances (1780s\u201390s) and the Irish Rebellion of 1798.\nThe Parliament of Ireland passed the Acts of Union 1800 by which it abolished itself and the Kingdom. The act was also passed by the Parliament of Great Britain. It established the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on the first day of 1801 by uniting the Crowns of Ireland and of Great Britain.", "Q4845668": "William Frederick Truax (born July 15, 1943) is a former professional American football tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Los Angeles Rams and Dallas Cowboys. He played college football at Louisiana State University.", "Q130046": "Kim Diane McGuire (December 1, 1955 \u2013 September 14, 2016) was an American lawyer and author. A former actress, she was best known for her role of Mona \"Hatchet-Face\" Malnorowski in John Waters' 1990 comedy musical Cry-Baby.", "Q98124": "Robert Siewert (30 December 1887 \u2013 2 November 1973) was a German politician and fought in the German Resistance against National Socialism. He is a survivor of Buchenwald concentration camp, where he helped save the life of Stefan Jerzy Zweig (through causing the death of a Romani boy named Willi Blum), among others.", "Q378092": "The Tigers is a 1991 Hong Kong action crime thriller film directed by Eric Tsang, and starring Andy Lau, Tony Leung, Felix Wong, Michael Miu and Kent Tong, who were the Five Tiger Generals of TVB in the 1980s. It is a film adaptation of the 1984 TVB serial, Rise and Fall of a Stand-In which featured the film's stars Miu and Tong.", "Q253565": "Fist of Fury (also known as The Chinese Connection) is a 1972 Hong Kong action martial arts film written and directed by Lo Wei, produced by Raymond Chow, and starring Bruce Lee in his second major role after The Big Boss (1971). Lee plays Chen Zhen, a student of Huo Yuanjia, who fights to defend the honor of the Chinese in the face of foreign aggression, and to bring to justice those responsible for his master's death.\n\n", "Q4316384": "Marcia Neugebauer (born September 27, 1932) is a prominent American geophysicist who made contributions to space physics. Neugebauer's research was among the first that yielded the first direct measurements of the solar wind and shed light on its physics and interaction with comets.", "Q466785": "Enja Records is a German jazz record company and label based in Munich which was founded by jazz enthusiasts Matthias Winckelmann and Horst Weber in 1971.The label's first release was by Mal Waldron, and early releases included European and Japanese avant-garde artists such as Alexander von Schlippenbach, Terumasa Hino, Albert Mangelsdorff and Yosuke Yamashita, along with newer American jazz musicians like Archie Shepp, Cecil Taylor, Leroy Jenkins and Eric Dolphy and straight-ahead musicians such as Tommy Flanagan, McCoy Tyner, Chet Baker, Freddie Hubbard, Elvin Jones, and Kenny Barron. The label also branched out to release early world music productions from Abdullah Ibrahim, Rabih Abou-Khalil, Mahmoud Turkmani, Gypsy bands, Indonesia's Monica Akihary, and Turkish saz virtuoso Taner Akyol.", "Q880845": "BlackHawk is an American country music group founded in 1992 by Henry Paul (lead vocals, mandolin, acoustic guitar), Van Stephenson (background vocals, electric guitar), and Dave Robbins (background vocals, keyboards). Several backing musicians also performed with the trio; however, these backing musicians were not officially part of Blackhawk until 2008.\nPrior to the group's formation, Robbins and Stephenson had co-written several Number One singles for the country pop band Restless Heart, and Stephenson had also charted two pop hits in the early 1980s. Paul had previously been a member of the Southern rock band Outlaws as well as fronting his own band, the Henry Paul Band, from 1979 to 1983.\nIn 1993, Blackhawk was signed to a record deal with Arista Nashville. Their debut single, \"Goodbye Says It All\", was released that year, peaking at No. 11 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, and their first album (1994's BlackHawk) was certified 2\u00d7 Multi-Platinum by the RIAA. Throughout the rest of the 1990s, the band continued to chart several singles, in addition to releasing three more albums and a Greatest Hits package.\nVan Stephenson departed the group in 2000 due to complications from skin cancer. He was replaced with Randy Threet (also a former member of the Outlaws), who made his first appearance on Spirit Dancer, the band's fifth studio album. After Threet's departure in 2003, Anthony Crawford took over as tenor vocalist and lead guitarist; Crawford was, in turn, succeeded by Michael Randall four years later. From early 2008 until he re-joined in 2010, Robbins left the group to resume his songwriting career, and Threet re-joined. Since then, BlackHawk's backing band has been subsumed into the main group, which comprises Paul (lead vocals, guitar, mandolin), Randy Threet (bass guitar, background vocals), Dale Oliver (lead guitar, background vocals), Dave Robbins (keyboards, background vocals), and Monte Yoho (drums, percussion).", "Q927436": "Fabrice Grinda (born 3 August 1974) is a French entrepreneur, blogger for Business Insider and super angel, with more than 200 investments around the world, including Alibaba Group, Airbnb, Beepi, FanDuel, Palantir, and Windeln. Grinda has had $300 million in investment exits. He is the co-founder and former CEO of Aucland, Zingy, and OLX and is a frequent conference speaker on trends in technology, emerging markets, and investing.", "Q1444053": "Frank Rosaly (born 05/30/1974) is a Puerto Rican American drummer, composer, and sound designer associated with a transparent compositional approach to drumming across various styles of music including jazz, improvisation, rock and experimental music. Rosaly also composes for film.", "Q88337": "Hans Schneeberger (7 April 1895 \u2013 19 November 1971) was an Austrian cinematographer who worked on over eighty films during his career. During the 1920s and early 1930s Schneeberger worked frequently with the director Arnold Fanck, including films starring Leni Riefenstahl. \nSchneeberger also made a handful of acting appearances, including playing opposite Riefenstahl in The Great Leap (1927). He filmed the famous final shot in The Third Man but was not credited. Schneeberger was later employed by the largest Austrian company Wien-Film for a number of productions.", "Q621462": "Elliot McKay See Jr. (July 23, 1927 \u2013 February 28, 1966) was an American engineer, naval aviator, test pilot, and NASA astronaut.\nSee received an appointment to the United States Merchant Marine Academy in 1945. He graduated in 1949 with a Bachelor of Science degree in marine engineering and a United States Navy Reserve commission, and joined the Aircraft Gas Turbine Division of General Electric as an engineer. He was called to active duty as a naval aviator during the Korean War, and flew Grumman F9F Panther fighters with Fighter Squadron 144 (VF-144) from the aircraft carrier USS Randolph in the Mediterranean, and USS Boxer in the Western Pacific. He married Marilyn Denahy in 1954, and they had three children.\nSee rejoined General Electric (GE) in 1956 as a flight test engineer after his tour of duty, and became a group leader and experimental test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base, where he flew the latest jet aircraft with GE engines. He also obtained a Master of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from UCLA.\nSelected in NASA's second group of astronauts in 1962, See was the prime command pilot for what would have been his first space flight, Gemini 9. He was killed along with Charles Bassett, his Gemini 9 crewmate, in a NASA jet crash at the St. Louis McDonnell Aircraft plant, where they were to undergo two weeks of space rendezvous simulator training.", "Q504114": "Guelph ( (listen); 2016 Canadian Census population 131,794) is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Known as \"The Royal City\", Guelph is roughly 28 km (17 mi) east of Kitchener and 100 km (62 mi) west of Downtown Toronto, at the intersection of Highway 6, Highway 7 and Wellington County Road 124. It is the seat of Wellington County, but is politically independent of it. The city is built on the traditional territory of the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation.Guelph began as a settlement in the 1820s, established by Scotsman John Galt, who was in Upper Canada as the first Superintendent of the Canada Company. He based the headquarters, and his home, in the community. The area \u2013 much of which became Wellington County \u2013 had been part of the Halton Block, a Crown Reserve for the Six Nations Iroquois. Galt would later be considered as the founder of Guelph.\nFor many years, Guelph ranked at or near the bottom of Canada's crime severity list. However, the 2017 Crime Severity Index showed a 15% increase from 2016. Guelph has been noted as having one of the lowest unemployment rates in the country throughout the Great Recession. In late 2018, the Guelph Eramosa and Puslinch entity had an unemployment rate of 2.3 per cent, which decreased to 1.9 percent by January 2019, the lowest of all Canadian cities. The national unemployment rate at the time was 5.8 percent. Much of this achievement was due to the great number of manufacturing facilities, including Linamar.\n\n", "Q671241": "Asteris Koutoulas (sometimes spelt Asteris Kutulas) (Greek: \u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2) was born in Oradea on 5 April 1960. He is a Berlin-based Greek-German event and music producer, publicist, translator, filmmaker and author. Asteris Koutoulas was the manager of Mikis Theodorakis and the event producer of Gert Hof. Koutulas rose to prominence as a director when his documentary fiction film \"Recycling Medea: Not an Opera Ballet Film\" won the Cinema for Peace Most Valuable Documentary Film Award in 2014.\n\n", "Q317441": "Derek William Dick (born 25 April 1958), better known by his stage name Fish, is a Scottish singer-songwriter and occasional actor.Fish became widely known as the lead singer and lyricist of the neo-progressive rock band Marillion from 1981 until 1988. He released 11 UK Top 40 singles with the band, including the Top Ten singles \"Kayleigh\", \"Lavender\" and \"Incommunicado\", and five Top Ten albums, including a number-one with Misplaced Childhood. In his solo career, Fish has explored contemporary pop and traditional folk, and released a further five Top 40 singles and a Top 10 album.Fish's voice has been described as both \"distinct\" and a \"conflation of Roger Daltrey and Peter Gabriel\", while his lyrics have been praised as \"poetic prose\". In 2004, Classic Rock ranked Fish at number 49 on its list of \"The 100 Greatest Frontmen\", describing his \"theatrical delivery\" as \"a major factor in Marillion's spectacular rise, and he masterminded some uniquely ornate lyrical concepts.\" In 2009, Fish was voted at number 37 in a poll of the greatest voices in rock music by Planet Rock listeners.\n\n", "Q1387525": "Vedran Smailovi\u0107 (born 11 November 1956), known as the \"Cellist of Sarajevo\", is a musician from Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the siege of Sarajevo, he played Albinoni's Adagio in G Minor in ruined buildings, and, often under the threat of snipers, he played during funerals. His bravery inspired musical numbers and a novel. He moved to Northern Ireland and is a composer, conductor, and performer. His G minor masterpiece was introduced in a book called \"a story like the wind\".", "Q385123": "Gerardo Andr\u00e9s Sofovich (March 18, 1937 \u2013 March 8, 2015) was an Argentine businessman, dramaturge, television host and presenter, comedian, scriptwriter, and director.\nHe was the producer of Pol\u00e9mica en el bar and La noche del Domingo, two of the most popular Argentine TV shows of the 1970s and 1980s. Sofovich also hosted A la manera de Sofovich and Sin L\u00edmite SMS, which were broadcast on Canal 9. During the 1970s and 1980s he directed several picaresque films starring comedians Alberto Olmedo and Jorge Porcel.As a businessman, he backed up major shows on Buenos Aires' Corrientes Avenue theaters.His late brother Hugo Sofovich had a similar career as a film director and theater entrepreneur. Just before his death, he hosted another TV show, 8 escalones (8 steps).", "Q2867035": "Paul John Bodin (born 13 September 1964) is a Welsh former professional footballer and coach who is now the coach of the Wales under-21 team. His son, Billy Bodin, is also a professional footballer.\nA former Chelsea youth team graduate, he moved to Cardiff City via Newport County in 1982. He helped Cardiff to win promotion out of the Third Division in 1982\u201383. He returned to non-League football with Merthyr Tydfil and Bath City in 1985, before rejoining Newport for a \u00a315,000 fee in January 1988. Two months later he was sold on to Swindon Town for twice this sum, and became the club's first choice left-back, helping them to win the 1990 Second Division play-off final and winning himself a place on the PFA Team of the Year in 1990\u201391. He was sold to Crystal Palace for \u00a3550,000 in March 1991, but was loaned out to Newcastle United before being sold back to Swindon for \u00a3225,000 in January 1992. Named as Swindon's Player of the Season in 1992\u201393, he scored the winning goal in the 1991 First Division play-off final. He featured in the Premier League, though after two successive relegations he again earned a place on the Second Division's PFA Team of the Year in 1995\u201396. He then spent two seasons with Reading, as well as a loan spell at Wycombe Wanderers, before entering management with Bath City in 1998. He also won 23 caps for Wales between 1990 and 1994.\nHe spent three seasons as Bath City's manager, before spending 12 years as a youth team coach at Swindon, also spending two games in caretaker charge of the first team in 2011. He then coached at Southampton's Academy, before becoming assistant manager at Port Vale in May 2015. In August 2019, he was promoted from Wales under-19 coach to Wales under-21 team coach.", "Q2623520": "C\u00e9lestine Ann Beyinc\u00e9 (born January 4, 1954), known as Tina Knowles-Lawson, is an American businesswoman and fashion designer known for her House of Der\u00e9on and Miss Tina by Tina Knowles fashion brands. She is the mother of singers Beyonc\u00e9 and Solange Knowles, and was previously married, until 2011, to Mathew Knowles, the manager of Destiny's Child as well as Beyonc\u00e9, Kelly Rowland, and Michelle Williams.", "Q1352": "Chennai ( (listen), Tamil: [\u02c8t\u0361\u0283en\u02d0ai]), also known as Madras ( (listen) or , the official name until 1996), is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is the biggest cultural, economic and educational centre of south India. According to the 2011 Indian census, it is the sixth-most populous city and fourth-most populous urban agglomeration in India. The city together with the adjoining regions constitutes the Chennai Metropolitan Area, which is the 36th-largest urban area by population in the world. Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities by foreign tourists. It was ranked the 43rd-most visited city in the world for the year 2015. The Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India. Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India, and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists. As such, it is termed \"India's health capital\".Chennai had the third-largest expatriate population in India, at 35,000 in 2009, 82,790 in 2011 and estimated at over 100,000 by 2016. Tourism-guide publisher Lonely Planet named Chennai as one of the top ten cities in the world to visit in 2015. Chennai is ranked as a beta-level city in the Global Cities Index, and was ranked the best city in India by India Today in the 2014 annual Indian city survey. In 2015 Chennai was named the \"hottest\" city (city worth visiting and worth living in for long term) by the BBC, citing the mixture of both modern and traditional values. National Geographic mentioned Chennai as the only South Asian city to feature in its 2015 \"Top 10 food cities\" list. Chennai was also named the ninth-best cosmopolitan city in the world by Lonely Planet. In October 2017, Chennai was added to the UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN) list for its rich musical tradition.The Chennai Metropolitan Area is one of the largest municipal economies of India. Chennai is nicknamed \"The Detroit of India\", with more than one-third of India's automobile industry being based in the city. Home to the Tamil film industry, Chennai is also known as a major film production centre. Chennai is one of the 100 Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission.", "Q326844": "Bob Loyce Moore (born November 30, 1932) is an American session musician, orchestra leader, and bassist who was a member of the Nashville A-Team during the 1950s and 1960s. He performed on over 17,000 documented recording sessions, backing popular acts such as Elvis Presley and Roy Orbison. He is also the father of multi-instrumentalist R. Stevie Moore, who pioneered lo-fi music.", "Q573388": "Anthony Michell Howard, CBE (12 February 1934 \u2013 19 December 2010) was a British journalist, broadcaster and writer. He was the editor of the New Statesman and The Listener and the deputy editor of The Observer. He selected the passages used in The Crossman Diaries, a book of entries taken from Richard Crossman's The Diaries of a Cabinet Minister.\n\n", "Q494507": "Kim Myeong-sun (Korean: \uae40\uba85\uc21c, Hanja: \u91d1\u660e\u6df3) (20 January 1896, in Pyongyang \u2013 22 June 1951) was a female Korean novelist and poet of the early 20th century.", "Q379398": "Henriette Bie Lorentzen (18 July 1911 \u2013 23 August 2001), born Anna Henriette Wegner Haagaas, was a Norwegian journalist, humanist, peace activist, feminist, co-founder of the Nansen Academy, resistance member and concentration camp survivor during World War II, and publisher and editor-in-chief of the women's magazine Kvinnen og Tiden (1945\u20131955).\n\n", "Q286358": "\u00c9mile Pouget (12 October 1860 in Pont-de-Salars, Aveyron, now Loz\u00e8re \u2013 21 July 1931 Palaiseau, Essonne) was a French anarcho-communist, who adopted tactics close to those of anarcho-syndicalism. He was vice-secretary of the General Confederation of Labour from 1901 to 1908.", "Q358356": "Francis Paul Veber (born 28 July 1937) is a French film director, screenwriter and producer, and playwright. He has written and directed both French and American films. Eight French-language films with which he has been involved, as either writer or director or both, have been remade as English-language Hollywood films: Le grand blond avec une chaussure noire (as The Man with One Red Shoe), L'emmerdeur (as Buddy Buddy), La Cage aux Folles (as The Birdcage), Le Jouet (as The Toy), Les Comp\u00e8res (as Fathers' Day), La ch\u00e8vre (as Pure Luck), Les Fugitifs (as Three Fugitives), and Le d\u00eener de cons (as Dinner for Schmucks). He also wrote the screenplay for My Father the Hero, the 1994 American remake of the French-language film Mon p\u00e8re, ce h\u00e9ros.\nSome of his screenplays started as theater plays (for instance, Le d\u00eener de cons). This theatrical experience contributes to his films' tight structure, resulting in what has been called \"marvels of economy\".Many of his French comedies feature recurring types of characters, named Fran\u00e7ois Pignon (a bungler) and Fran\u00e7ois Perrin (a bully).", "Q97203": "Ilse St\u00f6be (17 May 1911 in Berlin \u2013 22 December 1942 in Berlin) was a German journalist and anti-Nazi resistance fighter.", "Q4081054": "Peter Wolframovich Bezukladnikov (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432) is General Director of Russian biggest engineering company E4 Group (revenue $1.5bln, 18,000 employees) and formerly a scientist in the field of structural analysis of carbohydrates.\n\n", "Q1709841": "Alex Richard George Day (born 8 April 1989) is an English musician, vlogger and writer. Day has released six studio albums, two EPs, and had three UK Top 40 hits. His song \"Forever Yours\" currently holds a Guinness World Record for the highest-charting single by an unsigned artist. Day's unconventional style of releasing and distributing music helped him reach more than 1,000,000 subscribers and over 130 million views on his YouTube channel.", "Q171768": "G\u00e9rard Gilles Marie Armand Larrousse (born 23 May 1940) is a former sports car racing, rallying and Formula One driver from France. After the end of his career as racing car driver, he continued to be involved in Formula One as a team manager for Renault. He later founded and ran his own Formula One team, Larrousse, from 1987 to 1994.", "Q504100": "Taiichi Ohno (\u5927\u91ce\u8010\u4e00, \u014cno Taiichi, February 29, 1912 \u2013 May 28, 1990) was a Japanese industrial engineer and businessman. He is considered to be the father of the Toyota Production System, which inspired Lean Manufacturing in the U.S. He devised the seven wastes (or muda in Japanese) as part of this system. He wrote several books about the system, including Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-Scale Production. \nBorn in 1912 in Dalian, China, and a graduate of the Nagoya Technical High School (Japan), he joined the Toyoda family's Toyoda Spinning upon graduation in 1932 during the Great Depression thanks to the relations of his father to Kiichiro Toyoda, the son of Toyota's founding father Sakichi Toyoda. He moved to the Toyota motor company in 1943 where he worked as a shop-floor supervisor in the engine manufacturing shop of the plant, and gradually rose through the ranks to become an executive. In what is considered to be a slight, possibly because he spoke publicly about the production system, he was denied the normal executive track and was sent instead to consult with suppliers in his later career.Ohno's principles influenced areas outside of manufacturing, and have been extended into the service arena. For example, the field of sales process engineering has shown how the concept of Just In Time (JIT) can improve sales, marketing, and customer service processes.Ohno was also instrumental in developing the way organisations identify waste, with his \"Seven Wastes\" model which have become core in many academic approaches. These wastes are:\n1. Delay, waiting or time spent in a queue with no value being added \n2. Producing more than you need \n3. Over processing or undertaking non-value added activity \n4. Transportation \n5. Unnecessary movement or motion \n6. Inventory \n7. Defects in the Product.\nOhno is also known for his \"Ten Precepts\" to think and act to win.\nYou are a cost. First reduce waste.\nFirst say, \"I can do it.\" And try before everything.\nThe workplace is a teacher. You can find answers only in the workplace.\nDo anything immediately. Starting something right now is the only way to win.\nOnce you start something, persevere with it. Do not give up until you finish it.\nExplain difficult things in an easy-to-understand manner. Repeat things that are easy to understand.\nWaste is hidden. Do not hide it. Make problems visible.\nValueless motions are equal to shortening one's life.\nRe-improve what was improved for further improvement.\nWisdom is given equally to everybody. The point is whether one can exercise it.", "Q492176": "Alexander Duncan McCowen, (26 May 1925 \u2013 6 February 2017) was an English actor. He was known for his work in numerous film and stage productions.", "Q120241": "Caetano da Costa Alegre (26 April 1864 \u2013 18 April 1890) was a Portuguese poet.", "Q166214": "Lay the Favorite (promoted as Lay the Favourite in the UK) is a 2012 American comedy-drama film starring Bruce Willis, Rebecca Hall, Catherine Zeta-Jones and Joshua Jackson. Based on Beth Raymer's memoir of the same title, the film follows a young, free-spirited woman as she journeys through the legal and illegal world of sports gambling. The film was directed by Stephen Frears.", "Q93065": "William H. (Bill) Inmon (born 1945) is an American computer scientist, recognized by many as the father of the data warehouse. Inmon wrote the first book, held the first conference (with Arnie Barnett), wrote the first column in a magazine and was the first to offer classes in data warehousing. Inmon created the accepted definition of what a data warehouse is - a subject oriented, nonvolatile, integrated, time variant collection of data in support of management's decisions. Compared with the approach of the other pioneering architect of data warehousing, Ralph Kimball, Inmon's approach is often characterized as a top-down approach.", "Q172261": "John Gavin Malkovich (born December 9, 1953) is an American actor, producer, and fashion designer. He received Academy Award nominations for his performances in Places in the Heart (1984) and In the Line of Fire (1993). He has appeared in more than 70 films, including The Killing Fields (1984), Empire of the Sun (1987), Dangerous Liaisons (1988), Of Mice and Men (1992), Mulholland Falls (1996), Con Air (1997), Rounders (1998), Being John Malkovich (1999), Shadow of the Vampire (2000), Ripley's Game (2002), Johnny English (2003), Burn After Reading (2008), Red (2010), Warm Bodies (2013), Bird Box (2018), and Velvet Buzzsaw (2019), as well as producing films such as Ghost World (2001), Juno (2007), and The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2012).\nAs of early 2020, Malkovich is starring as the title character in the HBO series, The New Pope, alongside Jude Law.", "Q486103": "Lara Flynn Boyle (born March 24, 1970) is an American actress and producer. She is best known for her role as Donna Hayward in the ABC cult television series Twin Peaks (1990\u20131991). After portraying Stacy in Penelope Spheeris's comedy Wayne's World (1992), Boyle had a lead role in John Dahl's critically acclaimed neo-noir film Red Rock West (1993), followed by roles in Threesome (1994), Cafe Society (1995), and Happiness (1998). From 1997 to 2003, Boyle portrayed Assistant District Attorney Helen Gamble in the ABC television series The Practice for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.", "Q1090787": "Matti Makkonen (16 April 1952 \u2013 26 June 2015) was a Finnish engineer in the field of mobile communications. He was employed (among others) by Nokia Networks and the then Telecom Finland (branded as Tele), as well as Finnet Oy. Makkonen played a leading role in creating the mobile communication unit of what is today TeliaSonera. In 2008, Makkonen was awarded The Economist Innovation Award in the computing and telecommunications category for his work on text messaging (SMS).", "Q57741": "Salam Fayyad (Arabic: \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0627\u0636\u200e, Sal\u0101m Fay\u0101\u1e0d; born 2 April 1951) is a Palestinian politician and former Prime Minister of the Palestinian Authority and Finance Minister.\nHe was Finance Minister from June 2002 to November 2005 and from March 2007 to May 2012. Fayyad was Prime Minister between June 2007 and June 2013.\nFayyad resigned from the cabinet in November 2005 to run as founder and leader of the new Third Way party for the legislative elections of 2006. The party was not successful, and Fayyad returned as Finance Minister in the March 2007 Unity Government. Fayyad's first appointment as Prime Minister on 15 June 2007, which was justified by Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas on the basis of \"national emergency\", was not confirmed by the Palestinian Legislative Council. His successor, Rami Hamdallah, was named on 2 June 2013.Fayyad was popular in the West for his reform of the financial system within the Palestinian Authority.", "Q12800682": "The saxophone (referred to colloquially as the sax) is a woodwind instrument usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece. Although most saxophones are made from brass, they are categorized as woodwind instruments, because sound is produced by an oscillating reed, traditionally made out of woody cane, rather than lips vibrating in a mouthpiece cup as with the brass instrument family. As with the other woodwind instruments, the pitch of the note being played is controlled by covering holes in the body tube to control the resonant frequency of the air column by changing the effective length of the tube.\nThe player covers or uncovers the holes by pressing keys.\nThe saxophone is used in classical music (such as concert bands, chamber music, solo repertoire, and, occasionally, orchestras), military bands, marching bands, jazz (such as big bands and jazz combos), and contemporary music. The saxophone is also used as a solo and melody instrument or as a member of a horn section in some styles of rock and roll and popular music. Saxophone players are called saxophonists.Since the first saxophone was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in the early 1840s, saxophones have been produced in a variety of series distinguished by transpositions within instrument sets and tuning standard. Sax patented the saxophone on 28 June 1846, in two groups of seven instruments each. Each series consisted of instruments ranked by pitch, in alternating transposition. The series pitched in B\u266d and E\u266d soon became dominant and most saxophones encountered today are from this series. Instruments from the series pitched in C and F never gained a foothold and constituted only a small percentage of instruments made by Sax. High Pitch (also marked \"H\" or \"HP\") saxophones tuned sharper than the (concert) A = 440 Hz standard were produced into the early twentieth century for sonic qualities suited for outdoor uses, but are not playable to modern tuning and are considered obsolete. Low Pitch (also marked \"L\" or \"LP\") saxophones are equivalent in tuning to modern instruments. C soprano and C melody saxophones were produced for the casual market as parlor instruments during the early twentieth century. Saxophones in F were introduced during the late 1920s but never gained acceptance. The modern saxophone family consists entirely of instruments in the B\u266d \u2013 E\u266d series, historical and experimental instruments notwithstanding. The saxophones with widest use and availability are the soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone saxophones.\n\n", "Q69877": "Siselen is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q4229612": "Alexey G. Komissarov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432) (born October 20, 1969, Moscow, Russia.) \u2013 Russian entrepreneur, Vice-Rector of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), the Director of the Graduate School of Public Administration at the RANEPA, and ex-Minister of the Government of Moscow.", "Q2156496": "David Warshofsky (born David A. Warner; February 23, 1961) is an American film, television and stage actor.", "Q672990": "Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (Ukrainian: \u0411\u0456\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434-\u0414\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439, Romanian: Cetatea Alb\u0103, Russian: \u0411\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434-\u0414\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439), formerly known as Akkerman (see naming section below), is a city and port situated on the right bank of the Dniester Liman (on the Dniester estuary leading to the Black Sea) in Odessa Oblast of southwestern Ukraine, in the historical region of Bessarabia. Administratively, Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi is incorporated as a town of oblast significance. It also serves as the administrative center of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion, one of twenty-six districts of Odessa Oblast, though it is not a part of the district. It is a location of a big freight seaport. Population: 50,086\u2009(2015 est.)", "Q404672": "The Aiguille de Rochefort (4,001 m) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in France and Italy. The peak lies on the Rochefort ar\u00eate between the Dent du G\u00e9ant and the Grandes Jorasses and is usually climbed during a traverse of the ridge.The first ascent of the peak was by James Eccles and guides Alphonse and Michel Payot on 14 August 1873.", "Q313627": "Adrian Nicholas Matthews Thaws (born 27 January 1968), better known by his stage name Tricky, is an English record producer, rapper and actor. Born and raised in Bristol, he began his career as an early collaborator of Massive Attack before embarking on a solo career with his debut album, Maxinquaye, in 1995. The release won Tricky popular acclaim and marked the beginning of a lengthy collaborative partnership with vocalist Martina Topley-Bird. He released four more studio albums before the end of the decade, including Pre-Millennium Tension and the pseudonymous Nearly God, both in 1996. He has gone on to release eight studio albums since 2000, most recently Ununiform (2017).\nTricky is a pioneer of trip hop music, and his work is noted for its dark, layered musical style that blends disparate cultural influences and genres, including hip hop, alternative rock and ragga. He has collaborated with a wide range of artists over the course of his career, including Terry Hall, Bj\u00f6rk, Gravediggaz, Grace Jones, and PJ Harvey.", "Q1600871": "Heinz Sandauer (1911\u20131979) was an Austrian composer. Sandauer worked on the film scores of twenty films between 1936 and 1958.", "Q402203": "Koel Mallick (born Rukmini Mallick on 28 April 1982) is an Indian film actress who appears in Bengali films. She is the daughter of actor Ranjit Mallick & Deepa Mallick. Her debut film was Nater Guru.\n\n", "Q57999": "Emil Hans Willi Hennig (April 20, 1913 \u2013 November 5, 1976) was a German biologist who is considered the founder of phylogenetic systematics, also known as cladistics. In 1945 as a prisoner of war, Hennig began work on his theory of cladistics, which he published in 1950. With his works on evolution and systematics he revolutionised the view of the natural order of beings. As a taxonomist, he specialised in dipterans (ordinary flies and mosquitoes).\nHe is remembered, among other things, for Hennig's progression rule in cladistics, which argues controversially that the most primitive species are found in the earliest, central part of a group's area.", "Q51330": "John Winston Howard, (born 26 July 1939) is an Australian former politician who served as the 25th Prime Minister of Australia from 1996 to 2007. He is the second-longest serving Australian Prime Minister, behind only Sir Robert Menzies, who was in office for over 18 years. He is also the oldest living former Australian Prime Minister, having been so since the death of Bob Hawke on 16 May 2019. Howard was leader of the Liberal Party from 1985 to 1989 and from 1995 to 2007.\nHoward was born in Sydney and studied law at the University of Sydney. He was a commercial lawyer before entering parliament. A former federal president of the Young Liberals, he first stood for office at the 1968 New South Wales state election, but lost narrowly. At the 1974 federal election, Howard was elected to the Division of Bennelong, which he would go on to represent until 2007. He was promoted to cabinet in 1977, and later in the year replaced Phillip Lynch as Treasurer of Australia, remaining in that position until the defeat of Malcolm Fraser's government in 1983.\nIn 1985, Howard was elected leader of the Liberal Party for the first time, thus replacing Andrew Peacock as Leader of the Opposition. He led the Liberal\u2013National coalition to the 1987 federal election, but lost to Bob Hawke's Labor government, and was removed from the leadership in 1989. Remaining a key figure in the party, Howard was re-elected leader in 1995 (replacing Alexander Downer), and subsequently led the Coalition to victory at the 1996 federal election.\nAfter defeating Paul Keating's Labor government in 1996, the Howard Government was re-elected at the 1998, 2001 and 2004 elections. Howard's actions as prime minister included new gun laws (in response to the Port Arthur massacre), the introduction of a nationwide value-added tax, immigration reform, and industrial relations reform. Australia also contributed troops to the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War under his government, and led the International Force for East Timor. The Howard government was defeated at the 2007 federal election, with the Labor Party's Kevin Rudd succeeding him as prime minister. Howard also lost his own seat at the election, becoming only the second prime minister to do so (after Stanley Bruce in 1929).", "Q85607": "Franz Olah (13 March 1910 \u2013 4 September 2009) was an Austrian politician who served as the country's Interior Minister from 1963 until 1964 as a member of the Social Democratic Party (SP\u00d6).Olah was born on 13 March 1910 in Vienna. He attended school in Budapest for three years. Olah returned to his native Vienna from Budapest where he learned to build pianos. He also began developing ties with Austrian trade unions and the Social Democratic Party of Austria during this period of his life.Olah found himself in trouble with the police during the 1930s. In 1938, Austria lost its independence and was annexed by Nazi Germany during the Anschluss, which brought the rule of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. Olah was arrested by the Nazis following the Anschluss and deported on the very first train of Austrian prisoners to the Dachau concentration camp in 1938. He was transferred as a prisoner to several German concentration camps throughout World War II. Olah was finally freed shortly before the end of World War II.Olah was elected as a member of the Austrian Parliament in 1948. He served as second president (Zweite Pr\u00e4sident) of its lower house, the National Council, from 1959 until 1961. He next served as the Austrian Interior Minister from 1963 until 1964.Olah opposed the 1950 Austrian general strikes by means of force.\nOlah resigned from the Social Democratic Party (SP\u00d6) in 1964. He was also caught in a financial scandal during this time period.\nHe founded the now defunct Democratic Progressive Party (Demokratische Fortschrittliche Partei) in 1965. The party garnered more than 3% of the vote in the 1966 Austrian legislative election, but failed to win any seats in Parliament. In 1969, the Democratic Progressive Party won three seats on the Vienna city council.Franz Olah died on 4 September 2009 at the age of 99.", "Q303352": "Spartacus: Gods of the Arena is a television miniseries broadcast by American cable TV Starz, as a prequel to Spartacus, which premiered January 21, 2011. The series follows the character Gannicus (Dustin Clare), the first gladiator representing Lentulus Batiatus to become Champion of Capua. Cast members and characters reprised from the original series include John Hannah as Batiatus, Lucy Lawless as Lucretia, Peter Mensah as Oenomaus, Nick E. Tarabay as Ashur, Lesley-Ann Brandt as Naevia, Antonio Te Maioha as Barca, and Manu Bennett as Crixus.\nThe miniseries aired in Canada on Movie Central and The Movie Network, on Sky1 in the United Kingdom and on FX in Latin America.", "Q26806": "Daniel Michael DeVito Jr. (born November 17, 1944) is an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter. He gained prominence for his portrayal of the taxi dispatcher Louie De Palma in the television series Taxi (1978\u20131983), which won him a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award. He plays Frank Reynolds on the FX and FXX sitcom It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (2006\u2013present).\nHe is known for his film roles in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), Terms of Endearment (1983) Throw Momma from the Train (1987), Twins (1988), The War of the Roses (1989), Batman Returns (1992), Get Shorty (1995), Matilda (1996), Mars Attacks! (1996), L.A. Confidential (1997), Man on the Moon (1999), Wiener-Dog (2016), and most recently Dumbo (2019). He is also known for his voice roles in such films as Space Jam (1996), Hercules (1997), and The Lorax (2012).\nDeVito and Michael Shamberg founded Jersey Films. Soon afterwards, Stacey Sher became an equal partner. The production company is known for films such as Pulp Fiction, Garden State, and Freedom Writers. DeVito also owned Jersey Television, which produced the Comedy Central series Reno 911!. DeVito and wife Rhea Perlman starred together in his 1996 film Matilda, based on Roald Dahl's children's novel. DeVito was also one of the producers nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture for Erin Brockovich.\nDeVito's short stature is the result of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (Fairbank's disease), a rare genetic disorder that affects bone growth.", "Q49219": "Irvine () is a master-planned city in Orange County, California, United States in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 66-square-mile (170 km2) city had a population of 212,375 as of the 2010 census; in 2018 the California Department of Finance estimated the city's population at 276,176.A number of corporations, particularly in the technology and semiconductor sectors, have their national or international headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, the Orange County Center of the University of Southern California (USC), and campuses of California State University Fullerton (CSUF), University of La Verne, and Pepperdine University.", "Q433960": "Ralph Philip Thomas MC (10 August 1915 \u2013 17 March 2001) was an English film director. He is perhaps best remembered for directing the Doctor series of films.\nHis brother, Gerald Thomas, was also a film director, probably best remembered for the Carry On... film series, and his son is the Academy Award-winning film producer, Jeremy Thomas.\nHe cast the actor James Robertson Justice in many of his films. Thomas often worked with the producer Betty E. Box, who was married to Carry On producer Peter Rogers. Thomas was a nephew of producer Victor Saville.", "Q1535872": "Steve Lynch (born January 18, 1955 in Seattle, Washington), also known as The Two-Handed Guitarist, is an American hard rock/heavy metal guitarist, as well as an instructor for the Guitar Institute of Technology, the famous guitar department in the Musician's Institute of Los Angeles. He decided to commit himself to music and the guitar the day of Jimi Hendrix's passing on September 18, 1970.\nIn addition to Jimi Hendrix, Lynch's early musical influences came from late-1960s and early-1970s British musicians, such as Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, and The Beatles.He originally played bass guitar, and Jimi's death influenced him to switch. Lynch gradually developed his trademark two-handed (8-finger) guitar shredding technique throughout the 1970s and into the mid-1980s.He finally reached national acclaim in the mid-1980s, when his then-current band, Autograph, scored a hit with \"Turn Up the Radio,\" which reached No. 29 on the Billboard Hot 100. Lynch's work on this track helped earn him \"Guitar Solo of the Year\" honors from Guitar Magazine. He formed another band, Network 23, in 1990, shortly after Autograph had disbanded. He recently has started to release some of his instrumental guitar work. And to the delight of his fans worldwide has returned to touring with Autograph(http://autographband.com) which has also just released a new song and album.\nAutograph is scheduled to play the 2016 Monsters of Rock Cruise West Coast.(http://monstersofrockcruise.com/west)\nLynch has published several books and instructional videos on his guitar style throughout his career. He also works as a guitar teacher, teaching: the art of composition and his tapping technique.\nWhen Autograph was offered the opening spot for Van Halen on their 1984 tour, Eddie Van Halen said that Lynch was not allowed to do his two-handed shredding during performances because it was \"Eddie's thing.\" Steve Lynch said in an interview that he had perfected his \"hammering\" technique long before he ever heard of Eddie Van Halen, and he also said that touring with Van Halen was one of his least favorite experiences.Lynch currently resides in Florida.\nHe currently is endorsed by Dean guitars.", "Q3341509": "Nikita Akinfiyevich Demidov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0410\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432) (September 8, 1724 \u2013 1789) was a Russian industrialist and arts patron.\nHe was the younger son of Akinfiy Demidov, brother of Prokofi Demidov and father of Nikolai Demidov.\nInheriting mines and metallurgical factories in the Urals and Siberia (he left eight such factories, a huge annual income and 12,000 serfs to his son Nikolay on his death), he was also a major landowner, with properties in central and southern Russia and in Italy. He was an amateur scientist, the first member of the Demidov family to protect the arts actively and a major traveller, journeying abroad to see Europe's industrial innovations, manners and culture. In 1786 he published a Journal of his foreign travels, and also corresponded with Voltaire and Diderot. In 1779 he set up a medal to reward a success in mechanics, to be decided by the Russian Academy of Sciences.", "Q539281": "Chanda Kochhar (n\u00e9e Advani, born 17 November 1961) is the former managing director and chief executive officer of ICICI Bank. However, on 4 October 2018 she stepped down from her position following allegations of corruption. Amidst investigations related to Videocon bad loans, she was forced by the board of ICICI Bank to take indefinite leave. The Central Bureau of Investigation named Chanda Kochhar and her husband as beneficiaries in the financial fraud. The Justice B N Shrikrishna probe panel reported that Kochhar had violated ICICI Bank's Code of Conduct, following which her service was terminated with all her entitlements and benefits revoked. After her exit, Sandeep Bakhshi, who was the interim Managing Director and CEO became the full-time MD and CEO.\n\n", "Q5652": "H\u00e9linand of Froidmont (c. 1150\u2014after 1229 (probably 1237)) was a medieval poet, chronicler, and ecclesiastical writer.", "Q284229": "You've Got Mail is a 1998 American romantic comedy film directed by Nora Ephron and starring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan. Inspired by the 1937 Hungarian play Parfumerie by Mikl\u00f3s L\u00e1szl\u00f3 (which had earlier been adapted in 1940 as The Shop Around the Corner and in 1949 as In the Good Old Summertime), it was co-written by Nora and Delia Ephron. It tells the story of two people in an online romance who are unaware they are also business rivals. It marked the third pairing of Hanks and Ryan, who previously appeared together in Joe Versus the Volcano (1990) and Sleepless in Seattle (1993).\nYou've Got Mail received mildly positive reviews from critics.", "Q551129": "Sir Richard Vynne Southwell, FRS (2 July 1888 \u2013 9 December 1970) was a British mathematician who specialised in applied mechanics as an engineering science academic.", "Q124741": "Alfred B\u00fcchi (July 11, 1879 \u2013 October 27, 1959) was a Swiss engineer and inventor. He was best known as the inventor of turbocharging. Alfred J. B\u00fcchi was born July 11, 1879, in Winterthur, Switzerland, growing up there and in Ludwigshafen. He was the son of Johann B\u00fcchi, a chief executive at Swiss industrial engineering and manufacturing firm Sulzer. Alfred was well-positioned to pursue a similar field and would eventually achieve fame as a result of his inventions. In 1899 he enrolled as a machine engineering student at Federal Polytechnic Institute (ETH) in Z\u00fcrich, receiving a degree in 1903. From there he practised engineering in Belgium and England before returning to Switzerland (Wetzikon) in 1908.", "Q767437": "Jean Ray is the best-known pseudonym among the many used by Raymundus Joannes de Kremer (8 July 1887 \u2013 17 September 1964), a prolific Belgian (Flemish) writer. Although he wrote journalism, stories for young readers in Dutch by the name John Flanders, and scenarios for comic strips and detective stories, he is best known for his tales of the fantastique written in French under the name Jean Ray. Among speakers of English, he is famous for his macabre novel Malpertuis (1943), which was filmed by Harry K\u00fcmel in 1971 (starring Orson Welles). He also used the pseudonyms King Ray, Alix R. Bantam and Sailor John, among others.", "Q3309571": "Michel Edd\u00e9 (16 February 1928 - 3 November 2019) was a Lebanese politician.", "Q70498": "Vuiteboeuf is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q1173408": "David Cortez Clowney (born August 13, 1938), known by the stage name Dave \"Baby\" Cortez, is an American pop and R&B organist and pianist, best known for his 1959 hit, \"The Happy Organ\".\n\n", "Q449014": "Christine Chubbuck (August 24, 1944 \u2013 July 15, 1974) was an American television news reporter who worked for WTOG and WXLT-TV in Florida. She is known for being the first person to commit suicide on a live television broadcast.", "Q348623": "Juhani Aho, originally Johannes Brofeldt (11 September 1861 \u2013 8 August 1921), was a Finnish author and journalist. He was nominated for the Nobel prize in literature twelve times.", "Q88445": "Sebastian Rudolf Karl von Hoerner (15 April 1919 \u2013 7 January 2003) was a German astrophysicist and radio astronomer.\nBorn in G\u00f6rlitz, Lower Silesia, he was influential in discussions of SETI. He concluded that civilizations were few and far between and that they would generally not make the effort to engage in interstellar travel.\nHoerner died in Esslingen am Neckar, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, at age 83. His daughter, Hanna von Hoerner, was also an astrophysicist.\n\n", "Q138368": "Euthymius Zigabenus or Zigadenus or Zygadenus (Greek: \u0395\u1f50\u03b8\u03cd\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0396\u03b9\u03b3\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 or \u0396\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2; died after 1118) was a 12th-century monk and commentator on the Bible. He was a friend of the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, for whom he wrote a lengthy work on heresies, Panoplia Dogmatica or Panoply of Doctrine (or \"Full Armour of Belief\"). This began in the apostolic era and continued down to the Bogomils, some of whom he personally examined. The entry on the Bogomils is our main source of information about them. Nothing is known about his life.He was a monk and lived in the monastery of the Virgin Mary near Constantinople. He was favoured by both the emperor and his daughter Anna Comnena, who extols his learning and piety in her Alexiad.He also wrote a commentary on the Psalms, one on the four gospels, and one on the letters of St. Paul. These are based mainly on patristic sources.\nSpurious works under his name include \"The Exposition of the Nicene-Constantinople Creed\" and \"Dialogue with a Muslim\".", "Q80019": "The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed, (or plucked) string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.\nThe bass is a standard member of the orchestra's string section, as well as the concert band, and is featured in concertos, solo, and chamber music in Western classical music. The bass is used in a range of other genres, such as jazz, 1950s-style blues and rock and roll, rockabilly, psychobilly, traditional country music, bluegrass, tango and many types of folk music.\nThe bass is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff. The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E1, A1, D2 and G2.\nThe instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.\nThe double bass is played with a bow (arco), or by plucking the strings (pizzicato), or via a variety of extended techniques. In orchestral repertoire and tango music, both arco and pizzicato are employed. In jazz, blues, and rockabilly, pizzicato is the norm. Classical music uses the natural sound produced acoustically by the instrument, as does traditional bluegrass. In jazz, blues, reggaes, and related genres, the bass is frequently amplified.", "Q383234": "San Carlos is a city in San Mateo County, California on the San Francisco Peninsula, about halfway between San Francisco and San Jose. It is a small residential suburb located between Belmont (north) and Redwood City (south). The population is 28,406 per the 2010 census.\n\n", "Q274870": "Wanda Krahelska-Filipowicz (15 December, 1886\u20131968), code name \u201cAlinka\u201d\u201d or \u201cAlicja\u201d, was a leading figure in Warsaw\u2019s underground resistance movement throughout the years of German occupation during World War II in Poland, co-founder of \u017begota. As the well-connected wife of a former ambassador to Washington, she used her contacts with both the military and political leadership of the Polish Underground to materially influence the underground's policy of aiding Poland's Jewish population during the war.\nEarly on, Krahelska-Filipowicz used her influence to persuade the Government in Exile, including members of the Delegatura and its military counterpart, the AK, of the importance of setting up a central organization to help Poland's Jews, and to back the policy with significant funding.Krahelska-Filipowicz also personally sheltered Jewish individuals in her own home early during the German occupation. Among the refugees was the widow of the Jewish historian Szymon Aszkenazy.A Catholic Socialist activist and a devout Democrat, she was the editor of the Polish art magazine \"Arkady\".\nIn the pre-World War I partitioned Poland, on 18 August 1906, at the age of twenty she took part in an assassination attempt on the Russian governor-general of Warsaw, Georgi Skalon. She threw three 'dynamite bombs' on the governor's coach; two did explode and slightly injured three persons in governor's entourage. Afterwards, she fled to Cracow in Austrian part of Poland, entered into fictional marriage with painter Adam Dobrodzicki and became citizen of Austria-Hungary. Austria refused to extradite her to Russia and instead arranged a trial in Wadowice, starting on 16 February 1908. Wanda Dobrodzicka had confessed but was acquitted.", "Q55630": "Novi Sad (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0421\u0430\u0434, pronounced [n\u00f4\u028bi\u02d0 s\u00e2\u02d0d] (listen); Hungarian: \u00dajvid\u00e9k [\u02c8u\u02d0jvide\u02d0k]; see below for other names) is the second largest city in Serbia and the capital of the autonomous province of Vojvodina. It is located in the southern portion of the Pannonian Plain on the border of the Ba\u010dka and Srem geographical regions. Lying on the banks of the Danube river, the city faces the northern slopes of Fru\u0161ka Gora.\nAccording to the 2011 census, Novi Sad proper has a population of 250,439, while its urban area (including the adjacent settlements of Petrovaradin and Sremska Kamenica) comprises 277,522 inhabitants. The population of the administrative area of the city totals 341,625 people.Novi Sad was founded in 1694 when Serb merchants formed a colony across the Danube from the Petrovaradin Fortress, a strategic Habsburg military post. In the following centuries, it transformed into an important trading and manufacturing centre as well as a centre of Serbian culture, earning it the nickname Serbian Athens. The city was heavily devastated in the 1848 Revolution, but was subsequently rebuilt and restored. Today, along with the Serbian capital city of Belgrade, Novi Sad is an industrial and financial centre important to the Serbian economy.\nNovi Sad is the European Capital of Culture for the year 2021. and European Youth Capital 2019.", "Q170310": "Rehavam \"Gandhi\" Ze'evi (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05d7\u05d1\u05e2\u05dd \"\u05d2\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\" \u05d6\u05d0\u05d1\u05d9, \n20 June 1926 \u2013 17 October 2001) was an Israeli general and politician who founded the right-wing nationalist Moledet party, mainly advocating population transfer.He was assassinated by Hamdi Quran of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) in retaliation for Israel's assassination of Abu Ali Mustafa, the Secretary General of the PFLP.", "Q351372": "Louis-Joseph Chevrolet (French: [\u0283\u0259v\u0281\u0254l\u025b]; December 25, 1878 \u2013 June 6, 1941) was a Swiss-American race car driver, co-founder of the Chevrolet Motor Car Company in 1911, and a founder in 1916 of the Frontenac Motor Corporation.\n\n", "Q1434": "Commodus (; 31 August 161 \u2013 31 December 192), born Lucius Aurelius Commodus and died Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus, was Roman emperor with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until his father's death in 180, and solely until 192. His reign is commonly considered to mark the end of the golden period in the history of the Roman Empire known as the Pax Romana.\nDuring his father's reign, he accompanied Marcus Aurelius during the Marcomannic Wars in 172 and on a tour of the Eastern provinces in 176. He was made the youngest consul in Roman history in 177 and later that year elevated to co-emperor with his father. His accession was the first time a son had succeeded his biological father since Titus succeeded Vespasian in 79. He was also the first emperor to have both a father and grandfather (who had adopted his father) as the two preceding emperors. Commodus was the first (and until 337, the only) emperor \"born in the purple\", meaning during his father's reign.\nDuring his solo reign, the Empire enjoyed a period of reduced military conflict compared with the reign of Marcus Aurelius, but intrigues and conspiracies abounded, leading Commodus to an increasingly dictatorial style of leadership that culminated in a god-like personality cult. His assassination in 192 marked the end of the Nerva\u2013Antonine dynasty. He was succeeded by Pertinax, the first emperor in the tumultuous Year of the Five Emperors.", "Q314606": "Jeffrey David Fahey (born November 29, 1952) is an American film and television actor. He has portrayed Captain Frank Lapidus on the ABC series Lost and the title role of Deputy Marshal Winston MacBride on The Marshal.", "Q49231": "Norfolk ( (listen) NOR-fuuk) is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 242,803; in 2018, the population was estimated to be 244,076 making it the second-most populous city in Virginia after neighboring Virginia Beach and the 91st largest city in the nation.\nNorfolk is located at the core of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, named for the large natural harbor of the same name located at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. It is one of nine cities and seven counties that constitute the Hampton Roads metro area, officially known as the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA. The city is bordered to the west by the Elizabeth River and to the north by the Chesapeake Bay. It also shares land borders with the independent cities of Chesapeake to its south and Virginia Beach to its east. Norfolk is one of the oldest cities in Hampton Roads, and is considered to be the historic, urban, financial, and cultural center of the region.\nThe city has a long history as a strategic military and transportation point. The largest naval base in the world, Naval Station Norfolk, is located in Norfolk along with one of NATO's two Strategic Command headquarters. The city also has the corporate headquarters of Norfolk Southern Railway, one of North America's principal Class I railroads, however the company is currently in the process of relocating their headquarters to Atlanta, Georgia. Norfolk is also home to Maersk Line, Limited, which manages the world's largest fleet of US-flag vessels. As the city is bordered by multiple bodies of water, Norfolk has many miles of riverfront and bayfront property, including beaches on the Chesapeake Bay. It is linked to its neighbors by an extensive network of interstate highways, bridges, tunnels, and three bridge-tunnel complexes, which are the only bridge-tunnels in the United States.\n\n", "Q92435": "Ulrich Molitor (also Molitoris) (born c. 1442, died before 23 December 1507) was a legal scholar. He wrote an early treatise on witchcraft, De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus (Of Witches and Diviner Women), published in 1489\nwhen he was Doctor of Laws of Padua and professor at the University of Constance. The work is written in the form of a dialogue.Molitor was one of the sceptical or \"moderate\" proponents of witchcraft of his time. \nAlthough Molitor supported the death sentence for heretics and practitioners of witchcraft, from a moderate point of view for his time he considered that the Sabbaths were an illusion caused by the Devil and not a reality.\nHe wrote the work to allay the doubts held by Archduke Sigismund of Austria regarding the topic. Sigismund had learned of witchcraft from the Dominican inquisitors, James Sprenger and Heinrich Kramer, who had journeyed to the Tyrol to \"root out witchcraft\", but he was unconvinced of their claims; Sigismund in the dialogue was quick to dismiss evidence that was produced through the use of torture: \"For the fear of punishments incites men to say what is contrary to the nature of the facts\".Molitor often quotes the Bible, Church Fathers and poets. Omnipresent is Molitor's conviction in the power of the devil who acts through the permission of God, to deceive mortals who are thereby culpable. He explained Merlin as a real human being and not, as many authorities commonly believed, the offspring of a devil and a woman.", "Q444518": "Nati Ninet Tayeb (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d8 \u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u200e; born October 21, 1983), commonly known only as Ninet, is an Israeli musician, singer-songwriter, composer, DJ, model and actress.\nShe is considered among the most famous people in the Israeli entertainment industry, and was labeled \"one of the hottest new artists to break into the United States.\"Ninet has released four successful albums in Israel (one of them in English), and has twice won Israel's Favorite Act at the MTV Europe Music Awards. She has also worked with producer Mike Crossey (who produced her third album, Sympathetic Nervous System), and artists such as Steven Wilson, Gary Lucas, Cyndi Lauper, The Jesus and Mary Chain, and The Dead Daisies.\nAlongside her musical career, Ninet has enjoyed a successful acting career, performing in movies, scripted series and the theatre.\nAfter achieving almost every accolade available to her in her homeland, Ninet set her sights on the international stage, looking to showcase her music to larger audiences worldwide.Ninet finished her first high-profile international tour in the U.S, Canada (Toronto & Montreal), and Europe, in 2016. The tour featured songs from her recent release. It was her 5th album and the first to be released and promoted in the U.S. As part of her tour, Ninet was selected to perform at SXSW in March 2016. She was also as a featured guest vocalist on Steven Wilson's tour, who after their successful collaborations in the past, invited her to join him for several performances.The 2016 tour was the result of Ninet's short visit to the U.S in 2015, which created an extensive buzz and high demand for this \"infectious female artist\".During her time in the U.S, Ninet performed several concerts in New York City, which were praised by the critics. One of the critics stated that \"having seen Ninet perform \u2026 it\u2019s safe to say that the entire audience was fixated and almost hypnotized by her presence.\" Others claimed that \"her bold renditions of songs like 'Crazy' and her original releases have showcased the range in which she approaches music and thus identifies with at least some part of all of us.\"In preparation for her 2016 tour, Ninet released two new singles from her forthcoming album \u2013 \"Paper Parachute\" and \"Child\". The two \"promise an album worth waiting for\", and were described as ones in which Ninet's \"haunting vocals are backed by clever production work and energy fulfilling beats\". \nPaper Parachute, Tayeb's fifth album, came out on 3 February 2017. During the middle and the end of 2016 Tayeb released singles Superstar and Subservient. In 2018 Ninet had a role in the Israeli TV series, When Heroes Fly.\n\n", "Q826700": "The International Energy Agency (IEA; French: Agence internationale de l'\u00e9nergie) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis. The IEA was initially dedicated to responding to physical disruptions in the supply of oil, as well as serving as an information source on statistics about the international oil market and other energy sectors.\nThe IEA acts as a policy adviser to its member states, but also works with non-member countries, especially China, India, and Russia. The Agency's mandate has broadened to focus on the \"3Es\" of effectual energy policy: energy security, economic development, and environmental protection. The latter has focused on mitigating climate change. The IEA has a broad role in promoting alternate energy sources (including renewable energy), rational energy policies, and multinational energy technology co-operation.\nIEA member countries are required to maintain total oil stock levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports. At the end of July 2009, IEA member countries held a combined stockpile of almost 4.3 billion barrels (680,000,000 m3) of oil.\nOn 1 September 2015, Fatih Birol took office as the new Executive Director, succeeding in this position former Dutch Minister of Economic Affairs, Maria van der Hoeven.The IEA has been strongly criticised for having consistently highly inaccurate forecasts of both fossil fuel and renewable energy. Fossil fuel predictions have been criticised as being highly optimistic, and estimates of renewable energy deployment were consistently found to be extremely pessimistic. Some renewable predictions were reached more than fifteen years early, with estimates being off by almost five thousand percent over five years.\nThe IEA has also been criticized for failing to create a 1.5\u00b0C scenario and place it centrally in its annual World Energy Outlook report. All IEA member countries have signed the Paris Agreement which strives to limit warming to 1.5\u00b0C and two thirds of IEA member governments have made commitments to emission neutrality in 2050. The IEA's Sustainable Development Scenario projects net-zero emissions in 2070, two decades too late.", "Q292463": "Catherine Millet (French: [mij\u025b]; born 1 April 1948 in Bois-Colombes, Hauts-de-Seine) is a French writer, art critic, curator, and founder and editor of the magazine Art Press, which focuses on modern art and contemporary art.", "Q2128612": "Raj Kumar Bagri, Baron Bagri, (24 August 1930 \u2013 26 April 2017) was an Indian-born British businessman and a Conservative member of the House of Lords from 1997 to 2010. He was made a life peer in 1997 under the title Baron Bagri, of Regent's Park in the City of Westminster.", "Q3127608": "Harold Goodwin (December 1, 1902 \u2013 July 12, 1987) was an American actor who performed in over 225 films.", "Q248179": "Tyler Gerald Burrell (born August 22, 1967) is an American actor and comedian. He originally rose to prominence in several roles on Broadway including Macbeth, and the off-Broadway plays Corners, The Blue Demon, Burn This, and Show People.\nHis first feature film role was in 2001's Evolution. He also appeared in Black Hawk Down, Dawn of the Dead, Muppets Most Wanted and Marvel's The Incredible Hulk as Doc Samson. He has since voiced characters in a number of animated films Mr. Peabody & Sherman, Finding Dory and Storks. Burrell had recurring roles on the television series Out of Practice and Back to You.\nBurrell is best known for his role as Phil Dunphy in the ABC sitcom Modern Family, for which he has won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 2011 and 2014 (from 8 consecutive nominations) and five Screen Actors Guild Awards: one for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series in 2013 and four consecutive awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series shared with the cast from 2011 to 2014.", "Q577878": "Rock Island is a city in and the county seat of Rock Island County, Illinois, United States. The original Rock Island, from which the city name is derived, is the largest island on the Mississippi River. It is now called Arsenal Island. The population was 39,018 at the 2010 census. Located on the Mississippi River, it is one of the Quad Cities, along with neighboring Moline, East Moline, and the Iowa cities of Davenport and Bettendorf. The Quad Cities has a population of about 380,000. The city is home to Rock Island Arsenal, the largest government-owned weapons manufacturing arsenal in the US, which employs 6,000 people.There is a wide variety of housing available in Rock Island, including historic homes, new downtown condos, new construction in the heart of the city, and wooded retreats. The Rock Island-Milan School District, Rockridge School District (southwest portion of city) along with private schools, serve the city. The District (Downtown Rock Island) has art galleries and theaters, nightclubs and coffee shops, and restaurants of all flavors. Golf courses, parks, a casino, botanical center, marina, historic tours, bike paths, and festivals offer entertainment opportunities.", "Q315518": "Nikolai Aleksandrovich Tikhonov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432; Kharkiv, 14 May [O.S. 1 May] 1905 \u2013 Moscow, 1 June 1997) was a Soviet Russian-Ukrainian statesman during the Cold War. He served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1980 to 1985, and as a First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, literally First Vice Premier, from 1976 to 1980. Tikhonov was responsible for the cultural and economic administration of the Soviet Union during the late era of stagnation. He was replaced as Chairman of the Council of Ministers in 1985 by Nikolai Ryzhkov. In the same year, he lost his seat in the Politburo; however, he retained his seat in the Central Committee until 1989.\nHe was born in the city of Kharkiv in 1905 to a Russian-Ukrainian working-class family; he graduated in the 1920s and started working in the 1930s. Tikhonov began his political career in local industry, and worked his way up the hierarchy of Soviet industrial ministries. He was appointed deputy chairman of the Gosplan in 1963. After Alexei Kosygin's resignation Tikhonov was voted into office as Chairman of the Council of Ministers. In this position, he refrained from taking effective measures to reform the Soviet economy, a need which was strongly evidenced during the early\u2013mid-1980s. He retired from active politics in 1989 as a pensioner. Tikhonov died on 1 June 1997.", "Q445606": "Tzipi Hotovely (Hebrew: \u05e6\u05b4\u05d9\u05e4\u05b4\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05b9\u05d8\u05d5\u05b9\u05d1\u05b5\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9, born 2 December 1978) is an Israeli politician, who currently serves as Minister of Diaspora Affairs and a member of the Knesset for the Likud.\nHotovely is a doctorate student at the Faculty of Law in Tel Aviv University. Hotovely practises Orthodox Judaism, and is a self-described \"religious right-winger\". In 2009, she was the 18th Knesset's youngest member. She chaired the Knesset Committee on the Status of Women in the 18th Knesset, before joining the government at the beginning of the 19th Knesset in 2013.\n\n", "Q370394": "Charles Henri Pellegrini (28 July 1800 \u2013 12 October 1875) was an Italian Argentine engineer, lithographer, painter, and architect.\n\n", "Q298628": "Antiochus V Eupator (Greek: \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u0395' \u0395\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1, whose epithet means \"of a good father\"; ca. 172 BC \u2013 161 BC) was a ruler of the Greek Seleucid Empire who reigned 163\u2013161 BC (based on dates from 1 Maccabees 6:16 and 7:1).He was appointed as King by the Romans with his protector Lysias as regent.", "Q108283": "Alan Wolf Arkin (born March 26, 1934) is an American actor, director and screenwriter. With a film career spanning six decades, Arkin is known for his performances in The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966); Wait Until Dark (1967); The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1968); Popi (1969); Catch-22 (1970); The In-Laws (1979); Edward Scissorhands (1990); The Rocketeer (1991); Glengarry Glen Ross (1992); Thirteen Conversations About One Thing (2001); Little Miss Sunshine (2006); Get Smart (2008); Sunshine Cleaning (2008); and Argo (2012).\nHe has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor twice, for his performances in The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming and The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter. He won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Little Miss Sunshine and received a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Argo.", "Q131402": "Munich Airport (German: Flughafen M\u00fcnchen) (IATA: MUC, ICAO: EDDM) is the international airport of Munich, the capital of Bavaria. It is the second-busiest airport in Germany in terms of passenger traffic after Frankfurt Airport, and the eighth-busiest airport in Europe, handling 47.9 million passengers in 2019. It is the world's 15th-busiest airport in terms of international passenger traffic, and was the 38th-busiest airport worldwide in 2018. Munich Airport serves as a hub for Lufthansa including Lufthansa Regional and its Star Alliance partners.\nThe airport is located 28.5 km (17.7 mi) northeast of Munich near the city of Freising and is named after former Bavarian minister-president Franz Josef Strauss who was born in Munich. It has two passenger terminals with an additional midfield terminal, two runways as well as extensive cargo and maintenance facilities and is fully equipped to handle wide-body aircraft including the Airbus A380.", "Q3029157": "The Stephen M. Ross School of Business (Ross) is a business school operated by the University of Michigan. It offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees, as well as an executive education program. Its Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA), Master of Business Administration (MBA), and Executive Education programs have been ranked among the top in the U.S. and the world. Ross also offers dual degrees with other University of Michigan colleges and schools.", "Q242332": "Anne Bradstreet (n\u00e9e Dudley; March 20, 1612 \u2013 September 16, 1672) was the most prominent of early English poets of North America and first writer in England's North American colonies to be published. She is the first Puritan figure in American Literature and notable for her large corpus of poetry, as well as personal writings published posthumously.\nBorn to a wealthy Puritan family in Northampton, England, Bradstreet was a well-read scholar especially affected by the works of Du Bartas. Married at 16, her parents and young family migrated at the time of the founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630. A mother of eight children and the wife and daughter of a public officials in New England, Bradstreet wrote poetry in addition to her other duties. Her early works read in the style of Du Bartas, but her later writings develop into her unique style of poetry which centers on her role as a mother, her struggles with the sufferings of life, and her Puritan faith. Her first collection, The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, was widely read in America and England.", "Q242454": "Zemfira, born Zemfira Talgatovna Ramazanova (Russian: \u0417\u0435\u043c\u0444\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, Bashkir: \u0417\u0435\u043c\u0444\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0422\u04d9\u043b\u0493\u04d9\u0442 \u04a1\u044b\u0499\u044b \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0499\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, Tatar: \u0417\u0435\u043c\u0444\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0422\u04d9\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u044b\u0437\u044b \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430; born 26 August 1976 in Ufa, Bashkortostan) is a Russian rock musician. She has been performing since 1998 and has been popular in Russia and other former Soviet republics. To date Zemfira has sold over 3 million records.", "Q52611": "Lasse Artturi Vir\u00e9n (born 22 July 1949) is a Finnish former long-distance runner, winner of four gold medals at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics. Vir\u00e9n recaptured the image of the \"Flying Finns\" promoted by runners like Hannes Kolehmainen, Paavo Nurmi and Ville Ritola in the 1920s. He was elected Finnish Sportsman of the Year in 1972 and 1976 and later became a politician and a member of Finland's parliament in 1999\u20132007 and 2010\u20132011.", "Q235804": "Jessica Lowndes (; born November 8, 1988) is a Canadian actress and singer-songwriter. She is best known for her roles as Adrianna Tate-Duncan on The CW teen drama series 90210 and for appearing in several Hallmark Channel movies.\n\n", "Q936507": "David Christopher Sheridan (born March 10, 1969) is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer and musician. He played Special Officer Doofy in the comedy Scary Movie (2000) (a spoof of deputy sheriff Dewey Riley from Scream).\n\n", "Q9726": "Gioachino Antonio Rossini (29 February 1792 \u2013 13 November 1868) was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces, and some sacred music. He set new standards for both comic and serious opera before retiring from large-scale composition while still in his thirties, at the height of his popularity.\nBorn in Pesaro to parents who were both musicians (his father a trumpeter, his mother a singer), Rossini began to compose by the age of 12 and was educated at music school in Bologna. His first opera was performed in Venice in 1810 when he was 18 years old. In 1815 he was engaged to write operas and manage theatres in Naples. In the period 1810\u20131823 he wrote 34 operas for the Italian stage that were performed in Venice, Milan, Ferrara, Naples and elsewhere; this productivity necessitated an almost formulaic approach for some components (such as overtures) and a certain amount of self-borrowing. During this period he produced his most popular works including the comic operas L'italiana in Algeri, Il barbiere di Siviglia (known in English as The Barber of Seville) and La Cenerentola, which brought to a peak the opera buffa tradition he inherited from masters such as Domenico Cimarosa. He also composed opera seria works such as Otello, Tancredi and Semiramide. All of these attracted admiration for their innovation in melody, harmonic and instrumental colour, and dramatic form. In 1824 he was contracted by the Op\u00e9ra in Paris, for which he produced an opera to celebrate the coronation of Charles X, Il viaggio a Reims (later cannibalised for his first opera in French, Le comte Ory), revisions of two of his Italian operas, Le si\u00e8ge de Corinthe and Mo\u00efse, and in 1829 his last opera, Guillaume Tell.\nRossini's withdrawal from opera for the last 40 years of his life has never been fully explained; contributary factors may have been ill-health, the wealth his success had brought him, and the rise of spectacular grand opera under composers such as Giacomo Meyerbeer. From the early 1830s to 1855, when he left Paris and was based in Bologna, Rossini wrote relatively little. On his return to Paris in 1855 he became renowned for his musical salons on Saturdays, regularly attended by musicians and the artistic and fashionable circles of Paris, for which he wrote the entertaining pieces P\u00e9ch\u00e9s de vieillesse. Guests included Franz Liszt, Anton Rubinstein, Giuseppe Verdi, Meyerbeer and Joseph Joachim. Rossini's last major composition was his Petite messe solennelle (1863). He died in Paris in 1868.", "Q131364": "The New York Knickerbockers, more commonly referred to as the Knicks, are an American professional basketball team based in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The Knicks compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference. The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden, an arena they share with the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL). They are one of two NBA teams located in New York City; the other team is the Brooklyn Nets. Alongside the Boston Celtics, the Knicks are one of two original NBA teams still located in its original city.\nThe team, established by Ned Irish in 1946, was one of the founding members of the Basketball Association of America (BAA), which became the NBA after merging with the rival National Basketball League (NBL) in 1949. The Knicks were successful during their early years and were constant playoff contenders under the franchise's first head coach Joe Lapchick. Beginning in 1950, the Knicks made three consecutive appearances in the NBA Finals, all of which were losing efforts. Lapchick resigned in 1956 and the team subsequently began to falter.\nIt was not until the late 1960s when Red Holzman became the head coach that the Knicks began to regain their former dominance. Holzman successfully guided the Knicks to two NBA championships, in 1970 and 1973. The Knicks of the 1980s had mixed success that included six playoff appearances; however, they failed to participate in the NBA Finals.\nThe playoff-level Knicks of the 1990s were led by future Hall of Fame center Patrick Ewing; this era was marked by passionate rivalries with the Chicago Bulls, Indiana Pacers, and Miami Heat. During this time, they were known for playing tough defense under head coaches Pat Riley and Jeff Van Gundy, making two appearances in the NBA Finals, in 1994 and 1999. However, they were unable to win an NBA championship during this era.\nSince 2000, the Knicks have struggled to regain their former successes, but won its first division title in 19 years in 2012\u201313, led by a core of forwards Carmelo Anthony and Amar'e Stoudemire. They were eventually eliminated in the Eastern Conference semifinals by the Indiana Pacers, and have failed to make the playoffs since.", "Q42402": "Andrea Angel Bocelli (Italian pronunciation: [an\u02c8dre\u02d0a bo\u02c8t\u0283\u025blli]; born 22 September 1958) is an Italian singer, songwriter, and record producer. Celine Dion has said that \"if God would have a singing voice, he must sound a lot like Andrea Bocelli\", and record producer David Foster has often described Bocelli's voice as the most beautiful in the world.Bocelli was diagnosed with congenital glaucoma at 5 months old, and became completely blind at age 12, following a football accident. Since 1982, Bocelli has recorded 15 solo studio albums of both pop and classical music, three greatest hits albums, and nine complete operas, selling over 90 million records worldwide. He has had success as a crossover performer, bringing classical music to the top of international pop charts.In 1998, Bocelli was named one of People magazine's 50 Most Beautiful People. In 1999, he was nominated for Best New Artist at the Grammy Awards. \"The Prayer\" is his duet with Celine Dion for the animated film Quest for Camelot which won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. He captured a listing in the Guinness Book of World Records with the release of his classical album Sacred Arias, as he simultaneously held the top three positions on the US Classical Albums charts.Bocelli was made a Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 2006 and was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on 2 March 2010 for his contribution to Live Theater.", "Q937619": "Wlamir Marques, also commonly known simply as Wlamir (born July 16, 1937 in S\u00e3o Vicente, Brazil) is a retired Brazilian basketball player and basketball coach. Marques is considered to be one of the best Brazilian basketball players of all time, and to have been one of the best players in the world during the nineteen-sixties (except for United States players). Alongside fellow countrymen Amaury Pasos, Algod\u00e3o, and Rosa Branca, he led the best basketball generation Brazil ever had. At a height of 1.85 m (6'1\") tall, he played at the small forward position. He was nicknamed \"The Flying Saucer\", and \"The Blonde Devil\".\nAlong with Kresimir Cosic, Marques is one of the top two medalists in FIBA World Cup history, having won 2 gold medals and 2 silver medals. He was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players in 1991. The Gin\u00e1sio Poliesportivo Wlamir Marques arena is named after him, in his honor.\n\n", "Q244025": "Burnaby is a city in British Columbia, Canada, part of Metro Vancouver and immediately to the east of the City of Vancouver. It is the third-largest city in British Columbia by population, surpassed only by Vancouver and nearby Surrey. Burnaby was incorporated in 1892 and achieved its City status in 1992, 100 years after incorporation. It is the seat of Metro Vancouver's regional government.\nThe city is served by the Expo Line and the Millennium Line. Metrotown station in downtown Metrotown is the second-busiest station in regional Vancouver's Skytrain system as of 2018.The main campuses of Simon Fraser University and the British Columbia Institute of Technology are located in Burnaby. Metropolis at Metrotown is the largest mall in British Columbia. It is home to high-tech companies such as Ballard Power (fuel cell), Clio (legal software), D-Wave (quantum computing), General Fusion (fusion power), and Capcom Canada.", "Q171740": "The Caliphate of C\u00f3rdoba (Arabic: \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\u200e; trans. Khil\u0101fat Qur\u1e6duba) was a state in Islamic Iberia along with a part of North Africa ruled by the Umayyad dynasty. The state, with the capital in C\u00f3rdoba, existed from 929 to 1031. The region was formerly dominated by the Umayyad Emirate of C\u00f3rdoba (756\u2013929). The period was characterized by an expansion of trade and culture, and saw the construction of masterpieces of al-Andalus architecture. In January 929, Abd ar-Rahman III proclaimed himself Caliph (Arabic: \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629) of C\u00f3rdoba, replacing thus his original title of Emir of C\u00f3rdoba (Arabic: \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 'Am\u012br Qur\u1e6duba). He was a member of the Umayyad dynasty, which had held the title of Emir of C\u00f3rdoba since 756.\nThe caliphate disintegrated during the Fitna of al-Andalus, a civil war between the descendants of the last caliph, Hisham II, and the successors of his hayib (court official), Al-Mansur. In 1031, after years of infighting, the caliphate fractured into a number of independent Muslim taifa (kingdoms).", "Q4523158": "Sherlock Holmes (Russian: \u0428\u0435\u0440\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0425\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0441, tr. Sherlok Kholms) is a Russian television crime drama series based on the Sherlock Holmes detective stories by Arthur Conan Doyle, and was aired in November 2013. Some of the stories have never been adapted before. It stars Igor Petrenko as Sherlock Holmes and Andrei Panin as Doctor John Watson. Eight episodes have been produced, while the first episode was aired in late 2013.\nThis is the last film role of Andrei Panin, who died before he was able to complete the dubbing of his lines as Dr. Watson. However, they were able to finish the film almost entirely using the sound recorded on set, with only a small contribution by another voice actor.", "Q109823": "Hanns Joachim \"Hajo\" Friedrichs (15 March 1927 \u2013 28 March 1995) was a German journalist.", "Q16053": "Marie-Eug\u00e8ne-Melchior, vicomte de Vog\u00fc\u00e9 (25 February 1848 \u2013 29 March 1910) was a French diplomat, Orientalist, travel writer, archaeologist, philanthropist and literary critic.\n\n", "Q269809": "Barbara Densmoor Harris (July 25, 1935 \u2013 August 21, 2018) was an American actress. She appeared in such movies as A Thousand Clowns, Plaza Suite, Nashville, Family Plot, Freaky Friday, Peggy Sue Got Married, and Grosse Pointe Blank. Harris won a Tony Award and was nominated for an Academy Award. She also received four Golden Globe Award nominations.", "Q172249": "James Robert Stewart (6 March 1931 \u2013 3 January 2008) was a British racing driver from Scotland who participated in a single Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, driving for Ecurie Ecosse. He was born in Milton, West Dunbartonshire. He also competed in several non-Championship Formula One races. He was the elder brother of Jackie Stewart.\nStewart later worked in the garage industry and worked closely with anti-alcohol projects in Scotland.", "Q201579": "Ferenc Karinthy (June 2, 1921 \u2013 February 29, 1992) was a Hungarian novelist, playwright, journalist, editor and translator, as well as a water polo champion. He authored more than a dozen novels. His father was the writer and journalist Frigyes Karinthy. His mother, the psychiatrist Aranka B\u00f6hm, was killed in 1944 in Auschwitz.\nSpring Comes to Budapest was the first of Karinthy's novels to be translated into English (Corvina Press, 1964). His novel Epepe (Metropole) was later translated into English and published by Telegram Books in 2008.", "Q727985": "Baron Johan August Gripenstedt (11 August 1813 \u2013 13 July 1874) was a Swedish businessman and politician. During his political career, Gripenstedt was a member of the Swedish Estates Assembly (as a representative of the nobility) from 1840 to 1848, Minister without Portfolio from 1848 to 1856, Minister for Finance from 1856 to 1866, and Member of Parliament from 1867 to 1873. He is best known for his ten years tenure as Minister for Finance, during which he introduced many liberal economic reforms and fought for issues such as free trade and state owned railways.", "Q2408721": "R\u00e9my Pflimlin ([\u0281e.mi pflim.l\u025b\u0303]; 17 February 1954 \u2013 3 December 2016) was a French media executive. He served as the CEO of France 3 from 1999 to 2005, the Nouvelles Messageries de la Presse Parisienne (later known as Presstalis) from 2006 to 2010, and France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions, France's public national television broadcaster, from 2010 to 2015.", "Q972345": "William Nygaard (born 16 March 1943) is the retired head of the Norwegian publishing company Aschehoug. He is chairman of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. He has two children.", "Q216005": "Oto Bihalji-Merin (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041e\u0442\u043e \u0411\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0459\u0438 \u041c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d; 3 January 1904 \u2013 22 December 1993) was an acclaimed Yugoslav and Serbian writer, art historian, painter and art critic.\nBihalji-Merin was born to a Jewish family in Zemun, then an Austro-Hungarian town on the very border with Kingdom of Serbia. After finishing high school he first enrolled at the University of Belgrade to study painting in 1924, before later continuing his studies in Berlin at the Unified State Schools for Fine and Applied Arts (German: Vereinigte Staatsschulen f\u00fcr freie und angewandte Kunst). In Berlin, he started working as an art critic and journalist for magazines Illustrierte Neuen Welt and later Die Linkskurve, which was a publication formed by a group of left-wing intellectuals. In 1924 Bihalji-Merin joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.He returned to Belgrade in 1928 and became a pilot in the Royal Yugoslav Air Force. At the same time, Bihalji-Merin founded the Nova literatura magazine (1928\u201329) and the Nolit publishing house together with his brother Pavle. Nolit began publishing works by Jack London, Maxim Gorky, Erich Maria Remarque, Heinrich Mann, Sinclair Lewis, John Steinbeck, and Isaac Babel. The Yugoslav state censors at the time often considered these books provocative for promoting leftist ideas, which led to bans and confiscations. Because of an inherited heart condition, he was fired from the Air Force, after which he returned to Berlin and continued to work as a journalist and editor.\nIn Berlin in the early 1930s he witnessed the rise of German National Socialism, and in 1933 he moved to Paris, where he founded an Institute for the Study of Fascism with Arthur Koestler and Man\u00e8s Sperber. In 1934 he joined the Communist Party of Germany. Although he continued to publish articles in the German press, he started using various pseudonyms, most often signing his articles as Pierre Merin or Peter Thoene. By 1936 Bihalji-Merin split his time between living in France and Switzerland. In 1936 he left for Spain to join the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War. Following the Republicans' defeat in April 1939, Bihalji-Merin returned to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.\nFollowing the short invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, he was captured as a Yugoslav prisoner of war by the German Army. His knowledge of German language and the fact that he mostly published his articles using pseudonyms have saved his life during internment, although his brother Pavle was arrested and shot by occupying forces immediately in the aftermath of the invasion. After World War II ended Bihalji-Merin returned to Belgrade and remained to live in the same apartment in the city centre for the rest of his life.\nBihalji-Merin authored dozens of books, mostly dealing with arts and mostly published in German. After witnessing Nazi persecution of modernist artists in Germany in the 1930s, he is credited with penning the first history of modern art in Germany, published in 1938 by Penguin Books, featuring a foreword by Herbert Read. After the war he was editor of Belgrade-based Borba, the communist party's official newspaper.In the aftermath of World War II, when art circles in Yugoslavia were pressured to adopt the socialist realism state-approved policies of the Soviet Union, Bihalji-Merin used his influence to defend modernist and na\u00efve art styles. For this reason he is thought to have been instrumental in Yugoslavia's departure from the Soviet-style populist and heavily politically influenced visual arts. He also kept a lifelong interest in expressionist art which had flourished in Germany in the interwar period of his youth before Nazis came to power and labelled it degenerate art.\nIn the decades after the war Bihalji-Merin published a number of books promoting Yugoslav cultural heritage, especially on the topics of na\u00efve homegrown artists like Ivan Generali\u0107, the medieval Bosnian ste\u0107ak tombstones as well as abstract painters such as Vangel Naumoski. He was a member of the international experts commission which organised the Fifty Years of Modern Art exhibition and is credited with securing unprecedented exposure for Yugoslav art at the 1958 World Fair in Brussels.\nIn the 1950s and early 1960s he wrote several short art documentaries produced by Avala Film, including two about the works of sculptor Toma Rosandi\u0107. As an art critic, he was one of the early proponents of the view that the modern scientific discoveries such as the theory of relativity, psychoanalysis, photography and new developments in technology enabling observations of the micro and macro worlds around us all work to expand our notion of reality, resulting in a radically changed perspective of artists, as well as the role of art itself. Bihalji-Merin also wrote fiction, including a 1947 novel titled Goodbye in October (Serbian: Dovi\u0111enja u oktobru) based on his World War II experiences as a prisoner of war, which was then adapted into a 1950 Yugoslav feature film titled The Red Flower, starring Dragomir Felba and Milivoje \u017divanovi\u0107. He also published plays, travel writing and a memoir of his time in the Spanish Civil War, titled Spain Between Death and Birth (\u0160panija izme\u0111u smrti i ra\u0111anja).\nIn 1964 he was one of the four inaugural recipients of the Herder Prize, an international humanities award presented at the University of Vienna to scholars from Southeast Europe. He was also awarded the Belgian Order of Leopold. Late in his life Bihalji-Merin started writing his autobiography, titled My Beautiful Life in Hell (Serbian: Moj lepi \u017eivot u paklu) but did not manage to finish it by the time of his death in December 1993 at 89 years of age.", "Q67872": "Castel San Pietro is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q1127717": "Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, such as serious crimes, political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing. An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report. Practitioners sometimes use the terms \"watchdog reporting\" or \"accountability reporting\".\nMost investigative journalism has traditionally been conducted by newspapers, wire services, and freelance journalists. With the decline in income through advertising, many traditional news services have struggled to fund investigative journalism, which is time-consuming and therefore expensive. Journalistic investigations are increasingly carried out by news organizations working together, even internationally (as in the case of the Panama Papers and Paradise Papers), or by organizations such as ProPublica, which have not operated previously as news publishers and which rely on the support of the public and benefactors to fund their work.\nThe growth of media conglomerates in the U.S. since the 1980s has been accompanied by massive cuts in the budgets for investigative journalism. A 2002 study concluded \"that investigative journalism has all but disappeared from the nation's commercial airwaves\". The empirical evidence for this is consistent with the conflicts of interest between the revenue sources for the media conglomerates and the mythology of an unbiased, dispassionate media: advertisers have reduced their spending with media that reported too many unfavorable details. The major media conglomerates have found ways to retain their audience without the risks of offending advertisers inherent in investigative journalism.", "Q2035131": "Aras Iskenderovich Agalarov (Azerbaijani: Araz \u0130sg\u0259nd\u0259r o\u011flu A\u011falarov; Russian: \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0437 \u0418\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432; born 8 November 1955) is an Azerbaijani-Russian Shia Muslim billionaire businessman, property developer, public figure, and author.\n\n", "Q3045927": "Robert Malval (born July 11, 1943 in Port-au-Prince) was the prime minister of Haiti from August 30, 1993 to November 8, 1994.\nAn industrialist and business leader of Lebanese descent, Malval was appointed on August 16, 1993 by the President-in-exile, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, who gave Malval the task of reconciling the feuding parties. He defied the Army-backed president, \u00c9mile Jonassaint. In December 1993, he resigned his post and criticized Aristide as an \"erratic\" figure who was hampering efforts to solve the political crisis.His predecessor was Marc Bazin; his successor was Smarck Michel.", "Q435487": "Miquel Brown (born Michael Brown; 8 February 1945) is a Canadian actress, and disco/soul singer in the 1970s and 1980s, most popular for the songs \"Close to Perfection\" and the Hi-NRG songs \"So Many Men, So Little Time\" and \"He's A Saint, He's A Sinner\", produced in London by Ian Levine. Originally named Michael, her parents changed the spelling (but retained the pronunciation) so as not to confuse her with a male producer and children's author of the time (Michael Brown).\nMiquel is the mother of singer Sinitta and the stepsister of singer Amii Stewart.", "Q2673": "Carlos Ray \"Chuck\" Norris (born March 10, 1940) is an American martial artist, actor, film producer and screenwriter. After serving in the United States Air Force, Norris won many martial arts championships and later founded his own discipline, Chun Kuk Do. Norris is a black belt in Tang Soo Do, Brazilian jiu jitsu and Judo. Shortly after, in Hollywood, Norris trained celebrities in martial arts. Norris went on to appear in a minor role in the spy film The Wrecking Crew (1969). Friend and fellow actor Bruce Lee invited him to play one of the main villains in Way of the Dragon (1972). While Norris continued acting, friend and student Steve McQueen suggested to him to take it seriously. Norris took the starring role in the action film Breaker! Breaker! (1977) which turned a profit. His second lead Good Guys Wear Black (1978) became a hit, and Norris became a popular action film star. \nNorris would go on to star in a streak of bankable independently-made action and martial arts films, with A Force of One (1979), The Octagon (1980), and An Eye for an Eye (1981). This made Norris an international celebrity. He went on to make studio films like Silent Rage (1982) with Columbia, Forced Vengeance (1982) with MGM, and Lone Wolf McQuade (1983) with Orion. This led Cannon films to sign Norris into a multiple film deal, starting with Missing in Action (1984), which proved to be very successful and launched a trilogy. Norris started to work almost exclusively on high-profile action films with Cannon, becoming their leading star during the 1980s. Films with Cannon included Invasion U.S.A (1985), The Delta Force (1986), Firewalker (1986), etc. Apart from the Cannon films, Norris made Code of Silence (1985), which was received as one of his best films. In the 1990s, he played the title role in the long running television series Walker, Texas Ranger, from 1993 until 2001. Until 2006, Norris continued taking lead roles in action movies, including Delta Force 2 (1990),The Hitman (1991), Sidekicks (1992), Forest Warrior (1996), The President's Man and its sequel (2001-2002). Norris made his last film appearance to date in Sylvester Stallone's The Expendables 2 (2012).\nThroughout his film and TV career Norris diversified from his regular endeavors. He is a noted writer, having penned books on martial arts, exercise, philosophy, politics, Christianity, western novels, and biography. He was twice a New York Times bestselling author, first with his book on his personal philosophy of positive force and the psychology of self-improvement based on personal anecdotes called The Secret of Inner Strength: My Story (1988). His second New York Times Best Seller, Black Belt Patriotism: How to Reawaken America (2008), was about his critique on current issues in the USA. Norris also appeared in several commercials endorsing several products most notably being one of the main spokespersons for the Total Gym infomercials. In 2005, Norris found a new fame on the internet with Chuck Norris facts became an internet meme documenting humorous, fictional and often absurd feats of strength and endurance. Although Norris himself did not produce the \"facts\", he was hired to endorse many products that incorporated Chuck Norris facts in advertising, the phenomenon resulted in six books (two of them New York Times Best Sellers), two video games, and several appearances on talk shows, such as Late Night with Conan O'Brien where he read the facts or participated in sketches.", "Q1929622": "Michael Turner (born 1962 in North Vancouver, British Columbia) is a musician, and writer of poetry, prose and opera librettos. His writing is noted for including detailed and purposeful examination of ordinary things.", "Q50012": "Josefine Preu\u00df (Seppeline Preu\u00df, Preuborn 13 January 1986) is a German television actress.", "Q2898963": "Bernardo Trujillo (1920-1971) was a Colombian-born American marketing executive. He hosted merchandizing seminars as part of cash register company NCR Corporation's marketing strategy, ultimately influencing the development of modern supermarkets, especially in France, where he became known as the \"Pope of Supermarketing.\"", "Q1787936": "The Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre in Vilnius, Lithuania, is a state-supported conservatory that trains students in music, theatre, and multimedia arts.", "Q93059": "Scott Douglas Meyers (born April 9, 1959) is an American author and software consultant, specializing in the C++ computer programming language. He is known for his Effective C++ book series. During his career, he was a frequent speaker at conferences and trade shows.", "Q165721": "Vsevolod Emilyevich Meyerhold (Russian: \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434 \u042d\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434, romanized: Vs\u00e9volod \u00c8m\u00edl'evi\u010d Mejerkh\u00f3l'd; born German: Karl Kasimir Theodor Meyerhold; 9 February [O.S. 28 January] 1874 \u2013 2 February 1940) was a Russian and Soviet theatre director, actor and theatrical producer. His provocative experiments dealing with physical being and symbolism in an unconventional theatre setting made him one of the seminal forces in modern international theatre.\nDuring the Great Purge, Meyerhold was arrested, tortured and executed in February 1940.", "Q3579": "Tripoli (; Arabic: \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u200e, \u1e6car\u0101bulus) is the capital city and the largest city of Libya, with a population of about 1.165 million people in 2018. It is located in the northwest of Libya on the edge of the desert, on a point of rocky land projecting into the Mediterranean Sea and forming a bay. It includes the port of Tripoli and the country's largest commercial and manufacturing centre. It is also the site of the University of Tripoli. The vast Bab al-Azizia barracks, which includes the former family estate of Muammar Gaddafi, is also located in the city. Colonel Gaddafi largely ruled the country from his residence in this barracks.\nTripoli was founded in the 7th century BC by the Phoenicians, who gave it the Libyco-Berber name Oyat (Punic: \ud802\udd05\ud802\udd09\u202c\u202c\ud802\udd0f\u202c\ud802\udd15\u202c, Wy\u02bft) before passing into the hands of the Greek rulers of Cyrenaica as Oea (Greek: \u1f48\u03af\u03b1, O\u00eda). Due to the city's long history, there are many sites of archaeological significance in Tripoli. Tripoli may also refer to the sha'biyah (top-level administrative division in the current Libyan system), the Tripoli District.\nTripoli is also known as Tripoli-of-the-West (Arabic: \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u200e \u1e6car\u0101bulus al-Gharb), to distinguish it from its Phoenician sister city Tripoli, Lebanon, known in Arabic as \u1e6car\u0101bulus al-Sham (\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645), meaning 'Levantine Tripoli'. It is affectionately called \"The Mermaid of the Mediterranean\" (\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u02bfAr\u016bsat al-Ba\u1e25r; lit: 'bride of the sea'), describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli is a Greek name that means 'Three Cities', introduced in Western European languages through the Italian Tripoli. In Arabic, it is called \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633, \u1e6car\u0101bulus (pronunciation ; Libyan Arabic: \u1e6cr\u0101bl\u0259s, pronunciation ; Berber: \u1e6crables, from Ancient Greek: \u03a4\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 Tr\u00edpolis, from Ancient Greek: \u03a4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, romanized: Treis P\u00f3leis, lit. 'three cities').", "Q1022109": "Xam'd: Lost Memories, known in Japan as Xam'd of the Forgotten Memories (\u4ea1\u5ff5\u306e\u30b6\u30e0\u30c9, B\u014dnen no Zamudo), is an anime series, conceptualized by Bones and co-developed by Sony Computer Entertainment, Aniplex and Bones, which made its debut on Sony's inaugural launch of the PlayStation Network (PSN) video download service at E3 in the United States on July 16, 2008, in Japan on September 24, 2008.The series received its television premiere across Japan on MBS, CBC, Tokyo MX and other Japanese broadcast networks from April 2009, featuring new opening and ending theme sequences. Xam'd: Lost Memories spanned a total of 26 episodes. On its launch week, its pilot episode was the most downloaded video on the PlayStation Network at E3. On June 24, 2010, Sentai Filmworks announced that it had sub-licensed the series for home video distribution across North America, where the first half season set will be on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on September 21, 2010. The second set was released on November 9, 2010 on DVD and Blu-ray.", "Q247538": "Meir David HaKohen Kahane (; Hebrew: \u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d3\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d4\u05db\u05d4\u05df \u05db\u05d4\u05e0\u05d0; August 1, 1932 \u2013 November 5, 1990) was an Israeli-American ordained Orthodox rabbi, writer, and ultra-nationalist politician who served one term in Israel's Knesset. His legacy continues to influence militant and far-right political groups active today in Israel.Kahane publicized his \"Kahanism\" ideology, which he claimed was simply Torah Judaism based on halakha (Jewish law), through published works, weekly articles, speeches, debates on college campuses and in synagogues throughout the United States, and appearances on various televised programs and radio shows. He was an intense advocate for Jewish causes, such as organizing defense squads and patrols in Jewish neighborhoods and demanding for the Soviet Union to \"release its oppressed Jews\". He supported violence against those he regarded as enemies of the Jewish people, called for immediate Jewish mass migration to Israel to avoid a potential \"Holocaust\" in the United States, supported the restriction of Israel's democracy to its Jewish citizens, hoped that Israel would eventually adopt halakha, and endorsed the annexation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.Kahane proposed enforcing halakha as codified by Maimonides. Non-Jews wishing to dwell in Israel would have three options: remain as \"resident strangers\" with limited rights, leave Israel and receive compensation for their property, or be forcibly removed without compensation. While serving in the Knesset in the mid-1980s Kahane proposed numerous laws, none of which passed, to emphasize Judaism in public schools, reduce Israel's bureaucracy, forbid sexual relations between non-Jews and Jews, and end cultural meetings between Jewish and Arab students.In 1968, Kahane was one of the co-founders of the Jewish Defense League (JDL) in the United States. In 1971, he co-founded Kach (\"Thus\"), a new political party in Israel. The same year, he was convicted in New York for conspiracy to manufacture explosives and received a suspended sentence of five years. In 1984, he became a member of the Knesset, when Kach gained its only-ever seat in parliamentary elections. In 1988, after polls showed Kach gaining popularity, the Israeli government banned Kach for being \"racist\" and \"anti-democratic\" under the terms of a law that it had just passed.Kahane was assassinated in a Manhattan hotel by an Egyptian-born U.S. citizen in November 1990.", "Q612080": "Major-General Sir Charles William Wilson, KCB, KCMG, FRS (14 March 1836 \u2013 25 October 1905) was a British Army officer, geographer and archaeologist.", "Q26184": "Nikolay Simonov (December 4, 1901 \u2013 April 20, 1973) was a Soviet film and stage actor. People's Artist of the USSR (1950).", "Q1626134": "Marco Polo is a 1982 American-Italian television miniseries originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and by RAI in Italy. It stars Kenneth Marshall as Marco Polo, the 13th-century Venetian merchant and explorer. The series also features appearances by Denholm Elliott, Anne Bancroft, John Gielgud, Burt Lancaster, Ian McShane, Leonard Nimoy, and others. It was originally broadcast in four episodes, where episodes 1 and 4 were twice as long as episodes 2 and 3. The series is sometimes divided into six equally long episodes.Set in the 13th century, the series follows the adventures of Marco Polo, who departs with his father and his uncle to China. His journey through Asia lasts three and half years and leads him through barren deserts and vast steppes. Marco spends several years in Beijing as a guest of the Great Khan, earning the trust of and respect from the Emperor.", "Q1288158": "Charles Giordano (born October 13, 1954) is an American keyboardist and accordionist. Giordano is known primarily for his work with Bruce Springsteen as an adjunct member of the E Street Band, playing keyboards and organ following the serious illness and subsequent death of original E Street organist Danny Federici in 2008 and as a member of Springsteen's The Sessions Band. He is also known for playing keyboards with Pat Benatar in the 1980s.With Benatar he was usually billed as Charlie Giordano and played for five albums, beginning in 1983; his role in the band was praised by Billboard magazine. With Benatar he was identifiable by his glasses and distinctive array of berets, blazers and 1980s-style ties. Giordano also was a member of The David Johansen Group and went on to perform with Buster Poindexter and The Banshees of Blue.\nAs a session musician Giordano's playing has included Madeleine Peyroux's 1996 album Dreamland and Bucky Pizzarelli's 2000 album Italian Intermezzo; the latter's mix of opera, Italian folk, and swing presaged his appearance in the similarly genre-mashing Sessions Band Tour with Springsteen. Giordano also participated in a 2002 revival of garage rock band ? and the Mysterians. In 2008, he accompanied British singer Barb Jungr for a short stand in a New York City cabaret.", "Q1350527": "Philip Chapman Lesh (born March 15, 1940) is an American musician and a founding member of the Grateful Dead, with whom he played bass guitar throughout their 30-year career.\nAfter the band's disbanding in 1995, Lesh continued the tradition of Grateful Dead family music with side project Phil Lesh and Friends, which paid homage to the Dead's music by playing their originals, common covers, and the songs of the members of his band. Lesh operates a music venue called Terrapin Crossroads. He scaled back his touring regimen in 2014 but continues to perform with Phil Lesh & Friends at select venues. From 2009 to 2014, he performed in Furthur alongside former Grateful Dead bandmate Bob Weir.", "Q2667": "Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (listen), known simply as Paul von Hindenburg (German: [\u02c8pa\u028al f\u0254n \u02c8h\u026andn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fk] (listen); 2 October 1847 \u2013 2 August 1934), was a German general and statesman who commanded the Imperial German Army during World War I and later became President of Germany from 1925 until his death, during the Weimar Republic. He played a key role in the Nazi Machtergreifung in January 1933 when, under pressure from advisers, he appointed Adolf Hitler Chancellor of Germany.\nBorn to a family of minor Prussian nobility, Hindenburg joined the Prussian army in 1866 where he saw combat during the Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian wars. He retired with the rank of General of the Infantry in 1911, but was recalled to military service at the age of 66 following the outbreak of World War I in July 1914 and shortly thereafter received nationwide attention as the victor of the Battle of Tannenberg. Upon later being named Chief of the General Staff in 1916, his popularity among the German public dramatically increased and produced a large cult of personality. As Wilhelm II increasingly delegated his authority to the Army High Command, Hindenburg and his deputy, General Erich Ludendorff, established a de facto military dictatorship that controlled Germany for the rest of the war.\nHindenburg retired again in 1919, but returned to public life in 1925 to be elected the second President of Germany. He defeated Hitler in a runoff to win reelection in 1932. He was opposed to Hitler and was a major player in the increasing political instability in the Weimar Republic that ended with Hitler's rise to power. He dissolved the Reichstag twice in 1932 and finally agreed to appoint Hitler Chancellor of Germany in January 1933. Hindenburg did this to satisfy Hitler's demands that he should play a part in the Weimar government, for Hitler was the leader of the Nazi party, which had won a plurality in the November 1932 elections. In February he approved the Reichstag Fire Decree, which suspended various civil liberties, and in March signed the Enabling Act of 1933, which gave Hitler's regime arbitrary powers. Hindenburg died the following year, after which Hitler declared himself F\u00fchrer und Reichskanzler, or Supreme Leader and Chancellor, which superseded both the Presidency and Chancellorship.", "Q241149": "The Liberal Party of Australia is a major centre-right political party in Australia, one of the two major parties in Australian politics, along with the centre-left Australian Labor Party (ALP). It was founded in 1944 as the successor to the United Australia Party (UAP).The Liberal Party is the largest and dominant party in the Coalition with the National Party of Australia. In two states and territories of Australia the parties have merged, forming the Country Liberal Party of the Northern Territory and the Liberal National Party of Queensland. Except for a few short periods, the Liberal Party and its predecessors have operated in similar coalitions since the 1920s. The party's leader is Scott Morrison and its deputy leader is Josh Frydenberg. The pair were elected to their positions at the August 2018 Liberal leadership ballot, with Frydenberg and Morrison as replacements for Julie Bishop and Malcolm Turnbull respectively, the latter of whom Morrison consequently succeeded as Prime Minister of Australia. Now the Morrison Government, the party had been elected at the 2013 federal election as the Abbott Government which took office on 18 September 2013. At state and territory level, the Liberal Party is in office in three states: Peter Gutwein, Premier of Tasmania since 2020, Gladys Berejiklian, Premier of New South Wales since 2017 and Steven Marshall, Premier of South Australia since 2018. The party is in opposition in the states of Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia, and in both the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory.\nThe party's ideology has been referred to as conservative, liberal-conservative, conservative-liberal, and classical liberal. The Liberal Party tends to promote economic liberalism (which in the Australian usage refers to free markets and small government). Two past leaders of the party, Sir Robert Menzies and John Howard, are Australia's two longest-serving Prime Ministers.", "Q296177": "John Holland Cazale (, Italian: [kad\u02c8dza\u02d0le]; August 12, 1935 \u2013 March 13, 1978) was an American actor. He appeared in five films over six years, all of which were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture: The Godfather, The Conversation, The Godfather Part II, Dog Day Afternoon, and The Deer Hunter. He appeared in archival footage in The Godfather Part III, also nominated for Best Picture. From his start as a theater actor, he became one of Hollywood's premier character actors, starting with his role as the doomed, weak-minded Fredo Corleone opposite longtime friend Al Pacino in Francis Ford Coppola's film The Godfather and its 1974 sequel. Cazale chose to continue acting despite having been diagnosed with lung cancer. He died in New York City on March 13, 1978, shortly after completing his role in The Deer Hunter.\nTheatre producer Joseph Papp called Cazale \"an amazing intellect, an extraordinary person and a fine, dedicated artist\". A film documentary tribute to Cazale, I Knew It Was You, was screened at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and featured interviews with Al Pacino, Steve Buscemi, Meryl Streep, Robert De Niro, Gene Hackman, Richard Dreyfuss, Francis Ford Coppola, and Sidney Lumet.", "Q34580": "Toshio Hayakawa (\u65e9\u5ddd \u4fca\u592b, Hayakawa Toshio, born January 7, 1948), better known by his stage name Ichirou Mizuki (\u6c34\u6728 \u4e00\u90ce, Mizuki Ichir\u014d), is a Japanese singer, lyricist, composer, voice actor and actor best known for his work on theme songs for anime and tokusatsu. For over 40 years, he has recorded over 1200 songs for Japanese film, television, video and video games. He is referred to by fans and fellow performers alike as the Aniki (\u30a2\u30cb\u30ad, \"big brother\") of the anison, or anime music genre. He has produced the singing duo Apple Pie since 1990 and created the Anison band JAM Project in 2000.", "Q242440": "Carol Potter (born May 21, 1948) is an American actress best known for playing Cindy Walsh on Beverly Hills, 90210.", "Q326878": "Ty Hardin (born Orison Whipple Hungerford Jr.; January 1, 1930 \u2013 August 3, 2017) was an American actor best known as the star of the 1958 to 1962 ABC/Warner Bros. Western television series Bronco.", "Q168205": "Grzegorz Micha\u0142 Braun (born March 11, 1967) is a Polish politician, journalist, academic lecturer, movie director and screenwriter. He is the leader of the Confederation of the Polish Crown and one of the leaders of Confederation Liberty and Independence. He was elected to the Sejm in 2019.", "Q483047": "The Uzbeks (Uzbek: O\u02bbzbek, \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a, \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0628\u06a9\u200e, plural: O\u02bbzbeklar, \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0440, \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0628\u06a9\u0644\u0631\u200e) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Uzbekistan and wider Central Asia, being the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan but are also found as a minority group in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan.", "Q2632411": "Jorge \"George\" Newbery, born Jorge Alejandro Newbery Malagarie (29 May 1875 in Buenos Aires \u2013 1 March 1914 in Mendoza Province), was an Argentine aviator, civil servant, engineer and scientist with ancestry from the United States of America. His father, Ralph Lamartine Newbery Purcell (born 1848) was a dentist who emigrated from Long Island, New York, and settled in Argentina after the American Civil War, in which he fought on the Union side of the Battle of Gettysburg and was recognized for his courage. Along with Alberto Braniff and Jorge Ch\u00e1vez, Jorge Newbery was one of the first Latin American aircraft pilots. He was also an engineer, and is considered to be the architect and founder of the Argentine Air Force.", "Q512986": "Vincent Pastore (born July 14, 1946) is an Italian-American actor. Often cast as a mafioso, he is best known for his portrayal of Salvatore \"Big Pussy\" Bonpensiero on the HBO series The Sopranos.", "Q2472099": "Alexander Aleksandrovich Morozov (Ukrainian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432, romanized: Oleks\u00e1ndr Oleks\u00e1ndrovych Mor\u00f3zov, 16 on October (29) 1904, Bezhitsa, nowadays within Bryansk \u2013 1979) was a Soviet designer of tanks, general, major-engineer (1945), and doctor of technical sciences (1972), twice Hero of the Socialist Labour (1942, 1974). The member of the CPSU since 1943. Ended engineering technical school (1930). In 1931\u20131938 the head of group of CB of the plant, since 1938 the deputy head of CB, then head of CB and the deputy of the main designer of the construction factory, from 1940 he became main designer. The Morozov took part of the participation in development of the first domestic, T-24 (1930) medium tank, and also the wheel-caterpillar BT-2 (1931), BT-5 (1932), BT-7 (1935) and BT-7M (1939)light tanks. BT tanks along with T-26 constituted the basis of the tank arm of Soviet Armies. As the technical lead of the project together with M. I. Koshkin and N. A. Kucherenko headed development of the medium T-34 tank in 1940. During the Great Patriotic War, he was the chief designer of upgrades of the T-34 tank, which was recognized as the best tank of the period of the Second World War. After the war, under the direction of Morozov, a number of new types of tanks, etc. was created. The Deputy of Supreme Council of the USSR of the 5th convocation awarded state awards of the USSR (1942, 1946, 1948) and Lenin's award (1967) to Morozov. He was awarded 3 Orders of Lenin, an award of the October Revolution, the Orders of Kutuzov of the 1st degree, Order of Suvorov of the 2nd degree, 3 awards of the Labour Red Banner, an award of the Red Star, and other medals.\n\n", "Q979204": "Thomas Gerald Reames Davies CBE DL (born 7 February 1945 in Llansaint) is a Welsh former rugby union wing who played international rugby for Wales between 1966 and 1978. He is one of a small group of Welsh players to have won three Grand Slams including Gareth Edwards, JPR Williams, Ryan Jones, Adam Jones, Gethin Jenkins and Alun Wyn Jones.", "Q1066993": "Charlie Shoemake (born July 27, 1937, Houston, Texas) is an American jazz vibraphonist. He played in George Shearing's Quintet for seven years, starting in 1967. He also played vibes on the soundtrack of the Clint Eastwood film Bird. He is the Director of the Central Coast Jazz Institute. His wife Sandi Shoemake is a jazz singer and sings on many of his albums.", "Q52454814": "The Temp Life is an American comedy web series created and produced by Wilson Cleveland, who also stars as Nick Chiapetta (AKA \"Trouble\"). The series, sponsored by Spherion debuted on YouTube on November 29, 2006, ran for five seasons and is considered to be the first and longest-running online branded entertainment series.", "Q128147": "Kingston upon Hull, usually abbreviated to Hull, is a port city and unitary authority in the East Riding of Yorkshire, northeastern England. It lies upon the River Hull at its confluence with the Humber Estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea, 50 miles (80 km) east of Leeds, 34 miles (55 km) south-east of York and 54 miles (87 km) north-east of Sheffield. With a population of 260,645 (mid-2018 est.), Hull is the fourth-largest city in Yorkshire and the Humber.\nThe town of Wyke on Hull was founded late in the 12th century by the monks of Meaux Abbey as a port from which to export their wool.\nRenamed Kings-town upon Hull in 1299, Hull has been a market town, military supply port, trading hub, fishing and whaling centre and industrial metropolis.\nHull was an early theatre of battle in the English Civil Wars. Its 18th-century Member of Parliament, William Wilberforce, took a prominent part in the abolition of the slave trade in Britain.After suffering heavy damage in the Second World War (the \"Hull Blitz\"), Hull weathered a period of post-industrial decline, gaining unfavourable results on measures of social deprivation, education and policing. In the early 21st century spending boom before the late 2000s recession the city saw large amounts of new retail, commercial, housing and public service construction spending.\nTourist attractions include The Hull People's Memorial, the historic Old Town and Museum Quarter, Hull Marina and The Deep aquarium. Sports teams include EFL Championship football club Hull City and rugby league clubs Hull F.C. & Hull Kingston Rovers and non-league football club Hull United.\nThe University of Hull was founded in 1927 and now enrols more than 16,000 students. Hull was the 2017 UK City of Culture and in the same year the city's Ferens Art Gallery hosted the prestigious Turner Prize.", "Q108297": "Spartacus is a 1960 American epic historical drama film directed by Stanley Kubrick, written by Dalton Trumbo, and based on the 1951 novel of the same title by Howard Fast. It is inspired by the life story of Spartacus, the leader of a slave revolt in antiquity, and the events of the Third Servile War. It stars Kirk Douglas in the title role, Laurence Olivier as Roman general and politician Marcus Licinius Crassus, Peter Ustinov, who won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, as slave trader Lentulus Batiatus, John Gavin as Julius Caesar, Jean Simmons as Varinia, Charles Laughton as Sempronius Gracchus, and Tony Curtis as Antoninus.\nDouglas, whose company Bryna Productions was producing the film, removed original director Anthony Mann after the first week of shooting. Kubrick, with whom Douglas had worked before, was brought on board to take over direction. It was the only film directed by Kubrick where he did not have complete artistic control. Screenwriter Dalton Trumbo was blacklisted at the time as one of the Hollywood Ten. Douglas publicly announced that Trumbo was the screenwriter of Spartacus, and President-elect John F. Kennedy crossed American Legion picket lines to view the film, helping to end blacklisting; Howard Fast was also blacklisted, and originally had to self-publish it.\nThe film won four Academy Awards and became the biggest moneymaker in Universal Studios' history, until it was surpassed by Airport (1970). In 2017, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"", "Q65917": "Friedrich Wilhelm Reinhold Pieck (German pronunciation: [\u02c8v\u026alh\u025blm \u02c8pi\u02d0k]; 3 January 1876 \u2013 7 September 1960) was a German politician and a communist. In 1949, he became the first President of the German Democratic Republic, an office abolished upon his death. His successor as head of state was Walter Ulbricht, who served as chairman of the Council of State.", "Q214160": "Theodor Olshausen (1802\u20131869) was a German author, journalist and politician, prominent in the Patriotic Party of Schleswig-Holstein. He lived and worked for over a decade in the United States.\n\n", "Q129259": "Ni\u0161 (; Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0438\u0448, pronounced [n\u00ee\u02d0\u0283] (listen); names in other languages) is the third largest city in Serbia and the administrative center of the Ni\u0161ava District. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 183,164, while its administrative area (City of Ni\u0161) has a population of 260,237 inhabitants.Ni\u0161 is the city of three Roman emperors: Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor and the founder of Constantinople; Constantius III; and Justin I. Later playing a prominent role in the history of the Byzantine Empire, the city's past would earn it the nickname The Emperor's City.After about 400 years of Ottoman rule, the city was liberated in 1878 and became part of the Principality of Serbia, though not without great bloodshed\u2014remnants of which can be found throughout the city. Today, Ni\u0161 is one of the most important economic centers in Serbia, especially in the electronics, mechanical engineering, textile, and tobacco industries. Constantine the Great Airport is Ni\u0161's international airport.\nIn 2013, the city was host to the celebration of 1700 years of Constantine's Edict of Milan.\n\n", "Q232819": "Koko Taylor (born Cora Anna Walton, September 28, 1928 \u2013 June 3, 2009) was an American singer whose style encompassed Chicago blues, electric blues, rhythm and blues and soul blues. Sometimes called \"The Queen of the Blues\", she was known for her rough, powerful vocals.", "Q588106": "Forbidden was a thrash metal band from the San Francisco Bay Area. Formed in 1985 as Forbidden Evil, the group was founded by Jim Pittman and guitarist Robb Flynn. Since their formation, Forbidden have broken up and reformed twice with numerous line-up changes. The most recent line-up of the band comprised Anderson (vocals), Locicero (guitar), Matt Camacho (bass), Steve Smyth (guitar) and Sasha Horn (drums). After breaking up for the first time in 1997 and briefly returning in 2001, Forbidden reunited once again in 2007 but has been on an indefinite hiatus since 2012.\nAlong with Death Angel, Vio-lence, Defiance, Testament and Exodus (the latter of the two had featured original Forbidden drummer Paul Bostaph), they were one of the most successful Bay Area thrash metal bands and earned a loyal fanbase in the underground music community and critical acclaim, with their debut album Forbidden Evil (1988) regarded by critics as a classic thrash metal album and the follow-up, Twisted Into Form (1990), as something of a masterpiece within the tech-thrash genre. Their earlier style was technical thrash metal, but the band later experimented with alternative and groove metal elements on their fourth album Green (1997).", "Q96647": "Hermann Schlichting (22 September 1907 \u2013 15 June 1982) was a German fluid dynamics engineer.\n\n", "Q159966": "Andrzej Pilipiuk (born March 20, 1974, in Warsaw), Polish humoristic science-fiction and fantasy author. He debuted in 1996 with short story \"Hiena\", which featured the first appearance of Jakub W\u0119drowycz, an alcoholic exorcist. Since that time, Pilipiuk has written several dozen other short stories about that character.\nNine times nominated to the Janusz A. Zajdel Award, won it in 2002 for his short story Kuzynki, which he expanded into a novel in 2003 and followed by sequels: Ksi\u0119\u017cniczka in 2004 and Dziedziczki in 2005. The series describes the adventures of 3 women: a more-than-1000-year-old teenage vampire, a 300-year-old alchemist-szlachcianka, and her relative, a former Polish secret agent from CB\u015a (Polish 'FBI'). A recurring character in the series alchemist Micha\u0142 S\u0119dziw\u00f3j, and the universe is the same as the one of W\u0119drowycz (who makes appearances from time to time).\nPlipiuk lives in Krak\u00f3w.", "Q176985": "Nikolay Robertovich Erdman (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042d\u0440\u0434\u043c\u0430\u043d, IPA: [n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj \u02c8rob\u02b2\u026art\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8\u025brdm\u0259n] (listen); 16 November [O.S. 3 November] 1900, Moscow \u2014 10 August 1970) was a Soviet dramatist and screenwriter primarily remembered for his work with Vsevolod Meyerhold in the 1920s. His plays, notably The Suicide (1928), form a link in Russian literary history between the satirical drama of Nikolai Gogol and the post-World War II Theatre of the Absurd.", "Q1408": "New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania; and on the southwest by Delaware Bay and the State of Delaware. New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state by area but the 11th-most populous, with 8,882,190 residents as of 2019 and an area of 8,722.58 square miles, making it the most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states, with its biggest city being Newark. New Jersey lies completely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia. New Jersey was the second-wealthiest U.S. state by median household income as of 2017.New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, with historical tribes such as the Lenape along the coast. In the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes founded the first European settlements in the state. The English later seized control of the region, naming it the Province of New Jersey after the largest of the Channel Islands, Jersey, and granting it as a colony to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton. New Jersey was the site of several important battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century.\nIn the 19th century, factories in the cities Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, Jersey City, and Elizabeth (known as the \"Big Six\"), helped drive the Industrial Revolution. New Jersey's geographic location at the center of the Northeast megalopolis, between Boston and New York City to the northeast, and Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C., to the southwest, fueled its rapid growth through the process of suburbanization in the second half of the 20th century. At the turn of the 21st century, this suburbanization began reverting with the consolidation of New Jersey's culturally diverse populace toward more urban settings within the state, with towns home to commuter rail stations outpacing the population growth of more automobile-oriented suburbs since 2008.As of 2018, New Jersey was home to the highest number of millionaires per capita of all U.S. states. New Jersey's public school system consistently ranks at or among the top of all fifty U.S. states.", "Q525694": "Gitane DeMone (born May 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, musician and visual artist.\nDeMone's music career spans more than 30 years. She came to prominence in the mid 1980s as keyboardist and backing vocalist of the influential deathrock band Christian Death.\nIn addition to her work with Christian Death, Demone has previously been a member of Pompeii 99, worked with Dreadful Shadows, and has had a solo career which has included three studio albums: Am I Wrong?, Stars of Trash and The Reflecting Shadow.", "Q1145186": "Armen John Chakmakian (Western Armenian: \u0531\u0580\u0574\u0567\u0576 \u0549\u0561\u0563\u0574\u0561\u0563\u0565\u0561\u0576; Eastern Armenian: \u0531\u0580\u0574\u0565\u0576 \u0549\u0561\u0584\u0574\u0561\u0584\u0575\u0561\u0576) born (February 11, 1966) in Glendale, California) is an Armenian-American musician, composer, recording artist, and producer. Formerly the keyboardist for the GRAMMY\u00ae award-winning band Shadowfax, their 1992 CD, Esperanto was nominated for a Best New Age Album GRAMMY\u00ae Award. He has released two solo albums on his label TruArt Records: Ceremonies (1998); Caravans (2004). Two tracks from Ceremonies, \"Gypsy Rain\" and \"Distant Lands\", also appear on the famed \"Buddha Bar\" and \"Buddha Bar IV\" compilation albums, respectively.\nArmen's albums also feature world-renowned oud player, violinist and composer John Bilezikjian as well as duduk master Djivan Gasparyan. In 2006 Armen toured South America with Cirque du Soleil's show, Saltimbanco and in 2017 he toured South America again as keyboardist and background vocalist with Roger Hodgson.\nCurrently, he composes music for television, performs his own concerts as well as performs for other artists and productions.", "Q86454": "Arno Ernst Max von Lenski (20 July 1893 \u2013 4 October 1986) was a German military officer and general who served in the Imperial German army, the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany, and after the war in the National People's Army of the German Democratic Republic, where he was also a politician.", "Q448336": "Robert Thomas Velline (April 30, 1943 \u2013 October 24, 2016), known professionally as Bobby Vee, was an American singer, songwriter and musician who was a teen idol in the early 1960s and also appeared in films. According to Billboard magazine, he had thirty-eight Hot 100 chart hits, ten of which reached the Top 20. He had six gold singles in his career.", "Q49225": "Reno ( REE-noh) is a city in the northwest section of the U.S. state of Nevada, approximately 22 miles (35 km) from Lake Tahoe, known as \"The Biggest Little City in the World\". Known for its casino & tourism industry, Reno is the county seat and largest city of Washoe County and sits in a high desert river valley at the foot of the Sierra Nevada and its downtown area (along with Sparks) occupies a valley informally known as the Truckee Meadows, which due to large-scale investments from Seattle & Bay Area companies such as Amazon, Tesla, Panasonic, Microsoft, Apple and Google has become a new major technology hub in the United States. The city is named after Union Major General Jesse L. Reno, who was killed in action during the American Civil War at the Battle of South Mountain on Fox's Gap.\nReno is part of the Reno\u2013Sparks metropolitan area, 2nd most populous in Nevada after Las Vegas-Henderson, both of which are part of the Las Vegas Valley. Greater Reno, which consists of Washoe, Storey, and Lyon counties plus Carson City (the capital of Nevada), is the second largest metropolitan area in Nevada.", "Q558657": "Alabama 3 are an English electronic band, founded in Brixton, London in 1995. Their track \"Woke Up This Morning\" was used for the opening credits of the TV series The Sopranos. In the United States, the band is known as A3, to avoid legal conflict with the country music band Alabama.Every member of the group has an alias, the band's founding members adopting the personas Larry Love (Rob Spragg) and The Very Reverend Dr. D. Wayne Love (Jake Black).", "Q228699": "Sharon Marie Tate (January 24, 1943 \u2013 August 9, 1969) was an American actress and model. During the 1960s, she played small television roles before appearing in films and was regularly featured in fashion magazines as a model and cover girl. After receiving positive reviews for her comedic and dramatic acting performances, Tate was hailed as one of Hollywood's most promising newcomers.\nTate made her film debut in 1961 in Barabbas with Anthony Quinn. She was next seen in 1966 with the occult-themed Eye of the Devil. Her most remembered performance was as Jennifer North in the 1967 cult classic film, Valley of the Dolls, earning her a Golden Globe Award nomination. Tate's last completed film, 12+1, was released posthumously in 1969. Two years before her death she performed in the film The Fearless Vampire Killers directed by her future husband Roman Polanski.\nOn August 9, 1969, Tate and four others were murdered by members of the Manson Family in the home she shared with her husband, director Roman Polanski. At the time of her death, she was eight-and-a-half months pregnant with the couple's son.", "Q488674": "Hello Venus (Korean: \ud5ec\ub85c\ube44\ub108\uc2a4; often stylized as HELLOVENUS) was a South Korean girl group formed by Tricell Media (formerly a joint venture between Pledis Entertainment and Fantagio). The group originally consisted of: Alice, Nara, Lime, Yooara, Yoonjo, and Yooyoung. They debuted with the lead single \"Venus\" from their debut extended play of the same name on May 9, 2012. In July 2014, Fantagio and Pledis ended their Tricell Media joint ventures. Yooara and Yoonjo remained under Pledis, with the other four members continuing their group activities under Fantagio. In October 2014, Fantagio introduced two new members: Seoyoung and Yeoreum. After the members' contracts expired on 8 May 2019, the group officially disbanded. The group is most notable for songs such as: \"Sticky Sticky\", \"Wiggle Wiggle\" and \"I'm Ill\".", "Q1589009": "A privately held company, private company, or close corporation is a business company owned either by non-governmental organizations or by a relatively small number of shareholders or company members which does not offer or trade its company stock (shares) to the general public on the stock market exchanges, but rather the company's stock is offered, owned and traded or exchanged privately or over-the-counter. More ambiguous terms for a privately held company are closely held corporation, unquoted company, and unlisted company.\nThough less visible than their publicly traded counterparts, private companies have major importance in the world's economy. In 2008, the 441 largest private companies in the United States accounted for US$1,800,000,000,000 ($1.8 trillion) in revenues and employed 6.2 million people, according to Forbes. In 2005, using a substantially smaller pool size (22.7%) for comparison, the 339 companies on Forbes' survey of closely held U.S. businesses sold a trillion dollars' worth of goods and services (44%) and employed 4 million people. In 2004, the Forbes' count of privately held U.S. businesses with at least $1 billion in revenue was 305.", "Q2573393": "Ultra Music is a worldwide music entity, comprising Ultra Records, Ultra Music Publishing, and Empire Artist Management. Ultra Music was formed in New York City in 1995 by former Polygram and Virgin Records executive Patrick Moxey, who is the owner. As of December 23, 2012, Ultra entered a global alliance with Sony Music, giving its artists access to Sony's international marketing and promotional resources. Moxey also holds the title as president of Sony's Worldwide Electronic Music efforts.Ultra Music' roster includes Sofi Tukker, Kygo, Steve Aoki, Mr. Probz, DVBBS, Shaun Frank, Era Istrefi, Deorro, Flosstradamus, Carnage, Louis The Child, Alina Baraz & Galimatias, Lost Frequencies, Tep No, Benny Benassi, Mako, Klingande, Giiants, Iceleak and Headhunterz. Ultra has featured releases from deadmau5, Alan Walker, Calvin Harris, Tiesto, Kaskade, Above & Beyond, Armin Van Buuren, Sak Noel, Paul Oakenfold, Avicii, David Guetta, Pitbull, The Crystal Method, The Bloody Beetroots, Sasha, Melanie Martinez and John Digweed.", "Q114866": "Meir Dizengoff (Hebrew: \u05de\u05b5\u05d0\u05b4\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d3\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05d6\u05b6\u05e0\u05b0\u05d2\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e3, Russian: \u041c\u0435\u0435\u0440 \u042f\u043d\u043a\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0438\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0444 Meer Yankelevich Dizengof, 25 February 1861 \u2013 23 September 1936) was a Zionist leader and politician and the founder and first mayor of Tel Aviv (1911-1922 as head of town planning, 1922-1936 as mayor). Dizengoff's actions in Ottoman Palestine and the British Mandate for Palestine helped lead to the creation of the State of Israel. David Ben-Gurion declared Israeli independence in 1948 at Dizengoff's residence in Tel Aviv. Dizengoff House is now Israel's Independence Hall.", "Q58328": "Jean-Baptiste Biot (; French: [bjo]; 21 April 1774 \u2013 3 February 1862) was a French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who established the reality of meteorites, made an early balloon flight, and studied the polarization of light.\nThe mineral biotite and Cape Biot in Greenland were named in his honor.", "Q3479583": "Serge Weinberg (born 10 February 1951) is Founder and Chairman of Weinberg Capital Partners, an investment firm.", "Q239794": "Outland is a 1981 British science fiction thriller film written and directed by Peter Hyams and starring Sean Connery, Peter Boyle, and Frances Sternhagen.\nSet on Jupiter's moon Io, it has been described as a space Western, and bears thematic resemblances to the 1952 film High Noon.", "Q180975": "Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is an English composer and impresario of musical theatre. Several of his musicals have run for more than a decade both in the West End and on Broadway. He has composed 13 musicals, a song cycle, a set of variations, two film scores, and a Latin Requiem Mass. Several of his songs have been widely recorded and were successful outside of their parent musicals, such as \"The Music of the Night\" and \"All I Ask of You\" from The Phantom of the Opera, \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" from Jesus Christ Superstar, \"Don't Cry for Me, Argentina\" from Evita, \"Any Dream Will Do\" from Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, and \"Memory\" from Cats. In 2001 The New York Times referred to him as \"the most commercially successful composer in history\". The Daily Telegraph ranked him the \"fifth most powerful person in British culture\" in 2008, with lyricist Don Black writing \"Andrew more or less single-handedly reinvented the musical.\"He has received a number of awards, including a knighthood in 1992, followed by a peerage from Queen Elizabeth II for services to the Arts, six Tonys, three Grammys (as well as the Grammy Legend Award), an Academy Award, fourteen Ivor Novello Awards, seven Olivier Awards, a Golden Globe, a Brit Award, the 2006 Kennedy Center Honors, the 2008 Classic Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music, and an Emmy Award. He is one of fifteen people to have won an Oscar, an Emmy, a Grammy, and a Tony. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, is an inductee into the Songwriter's Hall of Fame, and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors.His company, the Really Useful Group, is one of the largest theatre operators in London. Producers in several parts of the UK have staged productions, including national tours, of the Lloyd Webber musicals under licence from the Really Useful Group. Lloyd Webber is also the president of the Arts Educational Schools London, a performing arts school located in Chiswick, West London. He is involved in a number of charitable activities, including the Elton John AIDS Foundation, Nordoff Robbins, Prostate Cancer UK and War Child. In 1992 he set up the Andrew Lloyd Webber Foundation which supports the arts, culture and heritage in the UK.", "Q47208": "Louis Claude de Saint-Martin (18 January 1743 \u2013 14 October 1803) was a French philosopher, known as le philosophe inconnu, the name under which his works were published; he was an influential of the mystic and human mind evolution and became the inspiration for the founding of the Martinist Order.", "Q2865178": "Arthur Allen Jones (November 22, 1926 \u2013 August 28, 2007) was the founder of Nautilus, Inc. and MedX, Inc. and the inventor of the Nautilus exercise machines, including the Nautilus pullover, which was first sold in 1970. Jones was a pioneer in the field of physical exercise i.e. weight and strength training. He was born in Arkansas, and grew up in Seminole, Oklahoma.", "Q955088": "Guido Ceronetti (24 August 1927 \u2013 13 September 2018) was an Italian poet, philosopher, novelist, translator, journalist and playwright. He was born in Turin, Italy.\nIn 1970, he founded the Theater of the Sensitive. His works are archived at the Cantonal Library of Lugano. He wrote columns for La Repubblica, La Stampa and Radio Radicale.\nEmil Cioran dedicated to his book Il silenzio del corpo (\"The Silence of the Body\") a chapter of the essay Exercices d'admiration (1986).\nCeronetti died in Cetona, Italy on 13 September 2018 from bronchopneumonia at the age of 91.", "Q559549": "The United States Naval Academy (USNA, Annapolis, or simply Navy) is a federal service academy adjacent to Annapolis, Maryland. Established on 10 October 1845, under Secretary of the Navy George Bancroft, it is the second oldest of the five U.S. service academies, and educates officers for commissioning primarily into the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps. The 338-acre (137 ha) campus is located on the former grounds of Fort Severn at the confluence of the Severn River and Chesapeake Bay in Anne Arundel County, 33 miles (53 km) east of Washington, D.C. and 26 miles (42 km) southeast of Baltimore. The entire campus (known to insiders as \"the Yard\") is a National Historic Landmark and home to many historic sites, buildings, and monuments. It replaced Philadelphia Naval Asylum, in Philadelphia, that served as the first United States Naval Academy from 1838 to 1845 when the Naval Academy formed in Annapolis.Candidates for admission generally must both apply directly to the academy and receive a nomination, usually from a Member of Congress. Students are officers-in-training and are referred to as midshipmen. Tuition for midshipmen is fully funded by the Navy in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation. Approximately 1,200 \"plebes\" (an abbreviation of the Ancient Roman word plebeian) enter the Academy each summer for the rigorous Plebe Summer. About 1,000 midshipmen graduate. Graduates are usually commissioned as ensigns in the Navy or second lieutenants in the Marine Corps, but a small number can also be cross-commissioned as officers in other U.S. services, and the services of allied nations. The United States Naval Academy has some of the highest paid graduates in the country according to starting salary. The academic program grants a bachelor of science degree with a curriculum that grades midshipmen's performance upon a broad academic program, military leadership performance, and mandatory participation in competitive athletics. Midshipmen are required to adhere to the academy's Honor Concept.", "Q1242137": "Byron Gardner \u201cGuilty\u201d Simpson, is an American rapper and songwriter from Detroit, Michigan whose recording career spans more than 20 years. He is signed to Stones Throw Records and known for being a favorite of the late producer J Dilla. His debut album, Ode to the Ghetto includes production from J Dilla, as well as other frequent collaborators Madlib and Black Milk. Along with Sean Price and Black Milk, Guilty Simpson formed the rap trio Random Axe. Simpson is also affiliated with the Detroit hip hop collective Almighty Dreadnaughtz. His major influences were Big Daddy Kane, N.W.A, Scarface, and Kool G Rap.", "Q66991": "Schinznach-Dorf is a former municipality in the district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Schinznach-Dorf and Oberflachs merged into the new municipality of Schinznach.", "Q57594": "Prince Wilhelm of Wied (German: Wilhelm Friedrich Heinrich, Albanian: Princ Vidi or Princ Vilhelm Vidi, 26 March 1876 \u2013 18 April 1945), reigned briefly as sovereign of the Principality of Albania as Vidi I (Albanian: Vidi i par\u00eb) from 7 March to 3 September 1914, when he left for exile. His reign officially came to an end on 31 January 1925, when the country was declared an Albanian Republic.\nOutside the country and in diplomatic correspondence, he was styled \"sovereign prince\", but in Albania, he was referred to as mbret, or king. He was also styled Skanderbeg II, in homage to Skanderbeg, the national hero.", "Q462722": "Pierre Skawinski (23 December 1912 \u2013 20 March 2009) was a French sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1936 Summer Olympics.", "Q315083": "Jeremy Samuel Piven (born July 26, 1965) is an American actor, comedian, and producer. He is known for his role as Ari Gold in the comedy series Entourage, for which he won a Golden Globe Award and three consecutive Emmy Awards. He also starred in the British period drama Mr Selfridge, which tells the story of the man who created the luxury English department store chain Selfridges, and portrayed Spence Kovak on Ellen DeGeneres's sitcom Ellen.", "Q16147495": "The Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team is the intercollegiate football team representing the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana. The team is currently coached by Brian Kelly and plays its home games at the campus's Notre Dame Stadium, which has a capacity of 77,622. Notre Dame is one of six schools that competes as an Independent at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Football Bowl Subdivision level; however, they play five games a year against opponents from the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), of which Notre Dame is a member in all other sports except ice hockey.The school claims 11 national championships, but the NCAA recognizes the school with 13.\nMoreover, Notre Dame has 21 national championships recognized by all major selectors; this is tied with Alabama for the most in the FBS. Notre Dame, Oklahoma and Ohio State share the record of seven Heisman Trophy winners. Notre Dame has produced 101 consensus All-Americans, 34 unanimous All-Americans, 52 members of the College Football Hall of Fame, and 13 members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, all NCAA records. Notre Dame has had 495 players selected in the NFL Draft, second only to USC.All Notre Dame home games have been televised by NBC since 1991, and Notre Dame is the only school to have such a contract. It was the only independent program to be part of the Bowl Championship Series coalition and its guaranteed payout, and it has one of the largest, most widespread fan bases in college football. These factors help make Notre Dame one of the most financially valuable football programs in the country, which allows the school to remain an independent.\n\n", "Q373306": "Alan William Napier-Clavering (7 January 1903 \u2013 8 August 1988), better known as Alan Napier, was an English actor. After a decade in West End theatres, he had a long film career in Britain and later, in Hollywood. Napier is best known today for portraying Alfred Pennyworth, Bruce Wayne's butler in the 1960s live-action Batman television series.", "Q1146100": "Chinese Americans are Americans who are descendants of Chinese, particularly Han Chinese ancestry, which also includes American-born Chinese persons. Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans, which is a further subgroup of Asian Americans. Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, as well as from other regions that include large populations of the Chinese diaspora, especially Southeast Asia and some Western countries like Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and France.\nThe Chinese American community is the largest overseas Chinese community outside Asia. It is also the third largest community in the Chinese diaspora, behind the Chinese communities in Thailand and Malaysia. The 2016 Community Survey of the US Census estimates a population of Chinese Americans of one or more races to be 5,081,682. The Chinese American community comprises the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans, comprising 25.9% of the Asian American population as of 2010. Americans of Chinese descent, including those with partial Chinese ancestry constitute 1.5% of the total U.S. population as of 2017. According to the 2010 census, the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.8 million. In 2010, half of Chinese-born people living in the United States resided in the states of California and New York.", "Q247909": "Billy Branch (born William Earl Branch, October 3, 1951) is an American blues harmonica player and singer of Chicago blues. Branch is a three-time Grammy nominee, a retired two-term governor of the Chicago Grammy Chapter, an Emmy Award winner, and a winner of the Addy Award. In addition, he has received numerous humanitarian and music awards.", "Q560647": "Ronald Samuel Rivlin (6 May 1915 in London \u2013 4 October 2005) was a British-American physicist, mathematician, rheologist and a noted expert on rubber.", "Q37260": "Writing is a medium of human communication that involves the representation of a language with symbols. While not all languages utilize a writing system, those with systems of inscriptions can complement and extend capacities of spoken language by enabling the creation of durable forms of speech that can be transmitted across space (e.g., correspondence) and stored over time (e.g., libraries or other public records). It has also been observed that the activity of writing itself can have knowledge-transforming effects, since it allows humans to externalize their thinking in forms that are easier to reflect on and potentially rework.Writing systems are not themselves human languages (with the debatable exception of computer languages) but are means of rendering a language in a readable form. Writing relies on many of the same semantic structures as the speech it represents, such as lexicon and syntax, with the added dependency of a system of symbols to represent that language's phonology and morphology. The result of the activity of writing is called a text, and the interpreter or activator of this text is called a reader.As human societies emerged, collective motivations for the development of writing were driven by pragmatic exigencies like keeping history, maintaining culture, codifying knowledge through curricula and lists of texts deemed to contain foundational knowledge (e.g., The Canon of Medicine) or artistically exceptional (e.g., a literary canon), organizing and governing societies through the formation of legal systems, census records, contracts, deeds of ownership, taxation, trade agreements, treaties, and so on. For H.G. Wells, writing \"made the growth of states larger than the old city states possible. It made a continuous historical consciousness possible. The command of the priest or king and his seal could go far beyond his sight and voice and could survive his death\". For example, around the 4th millennium BC, the complexity of trade and administration in Mesopotamia outgrew human memory, and writing became a more dependable method of recording and presenting transactions in a permanent form. In both ancient Egypt and Mesoamerica, on the other hand, writing may have evolved through calendric and political necessities for recording historical and environmental events.\nIndividual motivations for writing include improvised additional capacity for the limitations of human memory (e.g., to-do lists, recipes, reminders, logbooks, maps, the proper sequence for a complicated task or important ritual), dissemination of ideas (as in an essay, monograph, broadside, petition, or manifesto), imaginative narratives and other forms of storytelling, personal or business correspondence, and lifewriting (e.g., a diary or journal).", "Q271263": "Vanessa del Rio (born March 31, 1952) is an American retired pornographic actress.", "Q103895": "Otto Lehmann-Russb\u00fcldt (1 January 1873, Berlin \u2013 7 October 1964) was a German pacifist activist and writer.", "Q3178697": "Peter Shotton (4 August 1941 \u2013 24 March 2017) was an English businessman and former washboard player. He is known for his long friendship with John Lennon of The Beatles. He was a member of The Quarrymen, the precursor of the Beatles, and remained close to the group during their career.\nHe built an independent career as a restaurant manager, eventually founding the Fatty Arbuckle's chain of restaurants.", "Q550784": "Lorne Hyman Greene (born Lyon Himan Green; 12 February 1915 \u2013 11 September 1987) was a Canadian actor, radio personality and singer. His notable television roles include Ben Cartwright on the western Bonanza, and Commander Adama in the original science fiction television series Battlestar Galactica and Galactica 1980. He also worked on the Canadian television nature documentary series Lorne Greene's New Wilderness, and in television commercials.", "Q55383": "Piotr G\u0105sowski (born 16 April 1964, in Mielec) is a Polish actor, comedian and presenter. He appeared in the television series Aby do \u015bwitu... in 1992.", "Q3115447": "Granville Tailer Woods (April 23, 1856 \u2013 January 30, 1910) was an inventor who held more than 60 patents in the U.S. He was the first American of African ancestry to be a mechanical and electrical engineer after the Civil War. Self-taught, he concentrated most of his work on trains and streetcars. One of his notable inventions was a device he called the Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph, a variation of induction telegraph which relied on ambient static electricity from existing telegraph lines to send messages between train stations and moving trains. His work assured a safer and better public transportation system for the cities of the United States.", "Q888000": "Bob Howard (born Howard Joyner, June 20, 1906 \u2013 December 3, 1986; another source gives his birth date as June 20, 1897) was an American pianist-vocalist on swing records in the 1930s. Born in Newton, Massachusetts, Joyner began singing in New York night clubs in the mid-1920s. He began recording in 1931 under his real name for Columbia.\nUnder the name Bob Howard, he played New York's Park Central Hotel, Famous Door, Hickory House and other clubs as well as theaters. He was signed to Decca in late 1934 and recorded a series of hot small group swing records between 1935 and 1938. His studio groups included Benny Carter, Buster Bailey, Rex Stewart, Ben Webster, Teddy Wilson, Russell Procope, Cecil Scott, Cozy Cole, Bunny Berigan, Artie Shaw, Babe Russin and others. Howard did not play piano on his Decca recordings, only sang.\nHe embarked on European tours as a solo performer. He also had his own radio series in New York in the middle and late 1930s. He remained active in the 1940s, which included performing in a handful of short films (1936\u20131947). He acted in an episode of Perry Mason in 1959.\nIn 1948, Howard hosted The Bob Howard Show on CBS, making him the first African-American to host a regularly broadcast network TV show. The program was cancelled after 13 episodes. He also was a regular performer on Sing It Again on CBS-TV in 1950 - 1951.He later relocated to Las Vegas and Los Angeles. He died in the Bronx, New York.", "Q161976": "The Julius Maximilian University of W\u00fcrzburg (also referred to as the University of W\u00fcrzburg, in German Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg) is a public research university in W\u00fcrzburg, Germany. The University of W\u00fcrzburg is one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in Germany, having been founded in 1402. The university initially had a brief run and was closed in 1415. It was reopened in 1582 on the initiative of Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn. Today, the university is named for Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn and Maximilian Joseph.\nThe University of W\u00fcrzburg is part of the U15 group of research-intensive German universities. The university is also a member of the Coimbra Group.", "Q42827": "Pope Gregory I (Latin: Gregorius I; c.\u2009540 \u2013 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was the bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 to his death. He is known for instigating the first recorded large-scale mission from Rome, the Gregorian Mission, to convert the then-pagan Anglo-Saxons in England to Christianity. Gregory is also well known for his writings, which were more prolific than those of any of his predecessors as Pope. The epithet Saint Gregory the Dialogist has been attached to him in Eastern Christianity because of his Dialogues. English translations of Eastern texts sometimes list him as Gregory \"Dialogos\", or the Anglo-Latinate equivalent \"Dialogus\".A Roman senator's son and himself the Prefect of Rome at 30, Gregory tried the monastery but soon returned to active public life, ending his life and the century as pope. Although he was the first pope from a monastic background, his prior political experiences may have helped him to be a talented administrator. During his papacy, he greatly surpassed with his administration the emperors in improving the welfare of the people of Rome, and he challenged the theological views of Patriarch Eutychius of Constantinople before the Emperor Tiberius II. Gregory regained papal authority in Spain and France and sent missionaries to England, including Augustine of Canterbury and Paulinus of York. The realignment of barbarian allegiance to Rome from their Arian Christian alliances shaped medieval Europe. Gregory saw Franks, Lombards, and Visigoths align with Rome in religion. He also combated against the Donatist heresy, popular particularly in North Africa at the time.Throughout the Middle Ages, he was known as \"the Father of Christian Worship\" because of his exceptional efforts in revising the Roman worship of his day. His contributions to the development of the Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts, still in use in the Byzantine Rite, were so significant that he is generally recognized as its de facto author.\nGregory is a Doctor of the Church and one of the Latin Fathers. He is considered a saint in the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion, and various Lutheran denominations and other Protestant denominations. Immediately after his death, Gregory was canonized by popular acclaim. The Protestant reformer John Calvin admired Gregory greatly, and declared in his Institutes that Gregory was the last good Pope. He is the patron saint of musicians, singers, students, and teachers.", "Q326449": "\"Gannibal\" redirects here. For Abram Gannibal's son and Russian general, see Ivan Gannibal.Abram Petrovich Gannibal, also Hannibal or Ganibal, or Abram Hannibal or Abram Petrov (Russian: \u0410\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043c \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0301\u043b; 1696 \u2013 14 May 1781), was a Russian military engineer, general, and nobleman of African origin. Kidnapped as a child, Gannibal was taken to Russia and presented as a gift to Peter the Great, where he was freed, adopted and raised in the Emperor's court household as his godson.Gannibal eventually rose to become a prominent member of the imperial court in the reign of Peter's daughter Elizabeth. He had 11 children, most of whom became members of the Russian nobility; he was a great-grandfather of the author and poet Alexander Pushkin.", "Q476757": "The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA; Dari: \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200e, Jumh\u016bri-ye Dimukr\u0101t\u012b-ye Af\u0121\u0101nist\u0101n; Pashto: \u062f\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u200e, D\u01dd Af\u0121\u0101nist\u0101n Dimukrat\u012b Jumh\u016briyat), renamed the Republic of Afghanistan in 1987 (Dari: \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200e; Jumh\u016br\u012b-ye Af\u0121\u0101nist\u0101n; Pashto: \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u200e, D\u01dd Af\u0121\u0101nist\u0101n Jumh\u016briyat), existed from 1978 to 1992, during which time the socialist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) ruled Afghanistan.\nThe PDPA came to power through a military coup known as the Saur Revolution, which ousted the government of Mohammad Daoud Khan. Daoud was succeeded by Nur Muhammad Taraki as head of state and government on 30 April 1978. Taraki and Hafizullah Amin, the organiser of the Saur Revolution, introduced several contentious reforms during their rule, the most notable being equal rights to women, universal education and land reform. Soon after taking power a power struggle began between the Khalq faction led by Taraki and Amin and the Parcham faction led by Babrak Karmal. The Khalqists won and the Parchamites were purged from the party. The most prominent Parcham leaders were exiled to the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union.\nAfter the Khalq\u2013Parcham struggle, a power struggle within the Khalq faction began between Taraki and Amin. Amin won the struggle, and Taraki was killed on his orders. His rule proved unpopular within his own country (due to the reforms mentioned earlier) and in the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union intervened, supported by the Afghan government, in December 1979, and on 27 December Amin was assassinated by Soviet military forces. Karmal became the leader of Afghanistan in his place. The Karmal era, lasting from 1979 to 1986, is best known for the Soviet war effort in Afghanistan against mujahideen insurgents. The war resulted in large numbers of civilian casualties, as well as millions of refugees who fled into Pakistan and Iran. The Fundamental Principles, a constitution, was introduced by the government in April 1980, and several non-PDPA members were allowed into government as part of the government's policy of broadening its support base. Karmal's policies failed to bring peace to the war-ravaged country, and in 1986 he was succeeded as PDPA General Secretary by Mohammad Najibullah.\nNajibullah pursued a policy of National Reconciliation with the opposition, a new Afghan constitution was introduced in 1987 and democratic elections were held in 1988 (which were boycotted by the mujahideen). After the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1988\u20131989, the government faced increasing resistance. 1990 proved to be a year of change in Afghan politics: a new constitution was introduced, which stated that Afghanistan was an Islamic republic, and the PDPA was transformed into the Watan Party, which has survived to this day as the Democratic Watan Party. On the military front, the government proved capable of defeating the armed opposition in open battle, as in the Battle of Jalalabad. However, with an aggressive armed opposition, internal difficulties such as a failed coup attempt by the Khalq faction in 1990 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Najibullah government collapsed in April 1992.\nGeographically, the DRA was bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; the Soviet Union (via the Turkmen, Uzbek, and Tajik SSRs) in the north; and China in the far northeast covering 652,000 km2 (252,000 sq mi) of its territory.", "Q235421": "Mar\u00eda del Pilar Cuesta Acosta (born 27 May 1951, Madrid) known professionally as Ana Bel\u00e9n is a Spanish actress and singer.", "Q179687": "The sport of cross-country skiing encompasses a variety of formats for cross-country skiing races over courses of varying lengths according to rules sanctioned by the International Ski Federation and by various national organizations, such as the U.S. Ski and Snowboard Association (USSA) and Cross Country Ski Canada. International competitions include the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, the FIS Cross-Country World Cup, and at the Winter Olympic Games. Such races occur over homologated, groomed courses designed to support classic (in-track) and freestyle events, where the skiers may employ skate skiing. It also encompasses cross-country ski marathon events, sanctioned by the Worldloppet Ski Federation, and cross-country ski orienteering events, sanctioned by the International Orienteering Federation. Related forms of competition are biathlon, where competitors race on cross-country skis and stop to shoot at targets with rifles, and paralympic cross-country skiing that allows athletes with disabilities to compete at cross-country skiing with adaptive equipment.\nNorwegian army units were skiing for sport (and prizes) in the 18th century. Starting in the latter part of the 20th century, technique evolved from the striding in-track classic technique to include skate-skiing, which occurs on courses that have been groomed with wide lanes for those using the technique. At the same time, equipment evolved from skis and poles that were made of wood and other natural materials to comprising such man-made materials as fiberglass, carbon fiber, and polyethylene plastics.Athletes train to achieve endurance, strength, speed, skill and flexibility at different levels of intensity. Offseason training often occurs on dry land, sometimes on roller skis. The organization of cross-country ski competitions aims to make those events accessible both to spectators and television audiences. As with other sports that require endurance, strength and speed, some athletes have chosen to use banned performance-enhancing drugs.", "Q43287": "The German Empire (German: Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich), sometimes referred to as Imperial Germany, was the German nation state that existed from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II in 1918.\nIt was founded on 1 January 1871 when the south German states, except for Austria, joined the North German Confederation and the new constitution came into force changing the name of the federal state to the German Empire and introduced the title of German Emperor for Wilhelm I, King of Prussia from the House of Hohenzollern. Berlin remained its capital, and Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Minister-President of Prussia became Chancellor, the head of government. As these events occurred, the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War.\nThe German Empire consisted of 26 states, most of them ruled by royal families. They included four kingdoms, six grand duchies, five duchies (six before 1876), seven principalities, three free Hanseatic cities, and one imperial territory. Although Prussia was one of several kingdoms in the realm, it contained about two thirds of Germany's population and territory. Prussian dominance had also been established constitutionally.\nAfter 1850, the states of Germany had rapidly become industrialized, with particular strengths in coal, iron (and later steel), chemicals, and railways. In 1871, Germany had a population of 41 million people; by 1913, this had increased to 68 million. A heavily rural collection of states in 1815, the now united Germany became predominantly urban. During its 47 years of existence, the German Empire was an industrial, technological, and scientific giant, gaining more Nobel Prizes in science than any other country. Between 1901 and 1918, the Germans won 4 Nobel Prizes in Medicine, 6 Prizes in Physics, 7 Prizes in Chemistry and 3 Prizes in Literature. By 1900, Germany was the largest economy in Europe, surpassing the United Kingdom, as well as the second-largest in the world, behind only the United States.From 1867 to 1878/9, Otto von Bismarck's tenure as the first and to this day longest reigning Chancellor was marked by relative liberalism, but it became more conservative afterwards. Broad reforms, and the Kulturkampf marked his period in the office. Late in Bismarck's chancellorship and in spite of his personal opposition, Germany became involved in colonialism. Claiming much of the leftover territory that was yet unclaimed in the Scramble for Africa, it managed to build the third-largest colonial empire at the time, after the British and the French ones. As a colonial state, it sometimes clashed with other European powers, especially the British Empire.\nGermany became a great power, boasting a rapidly developing rail network, the world's strongest army, and a fast-growing industrial base. In less than a decade, its navy became second only to Britain's Royal Navy. After the removal of Otto von Bismarck by Wilhelm II in 1890, the Empire embarked on Weltpolitik \u2013 a bellicose new course that ultimately contributed to the outbreak of World War I. In addition, Bismarck's successors were incapable of maintaining their predecessor's complex, shifting, and overlapping alliances which had kept Germany from being diplomatically isolated. This period was marked by various factors influencing the Emperor's decisions, which were often perceived as contradictory or unpredictable by the public. In 1879, the German Empire consolidated the Dual Alliance with Austria-Hungary, followed by the Triple Alliance with Italy in 1882. It also retained strong diplomatic ties to the Ottoman Empire. When the great crisis of 1914 arrived, Italy left the alliance and the Ottoman Empire formally allied with Germany.\nIn the First World War, German plans to capture Paris quickly in the autumn of 1914 failed. The war on the Western Front became a stalemate. The Allied naval blockade caused severe shortages of food. However, Imperial Germany had success on the Eastern Front; it occupied a large amount of territory to its east following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The German declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917 contributed to bringing the United States into the war.\nThe high command under Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff increasingly controlled the country, but in October after the failed offensive in spring 1918, the German armies were in retreat, allies Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire had collapsed, and Bulgaria had surrendered. The Empire collapsed in the November 1918 Revolution with the abdications of its monarchs. This left a post-war federal republic and a devastated and unsatisfied populace, faced with post-war reparation costs of nearly 270 billion dollars, all in all leading to the rise of Adolf Hitler and Nazism.", "Q310845": "Akio Morita (\u76db\u7530 \u662d\u592b, Morita Akio, January 26, 1921 \u2013 October 3, 1999) was a Japanese businessman and co-founder of Sony along with Masaru Ibuka.", "Q100422": "Vincent Redetzki (born 1 April 1992) is a German actor.", "Q53094": "Black comedy, also known as black humor, dark comedy, dark humor or gallows humor, is a comic style that makes light of subject matter that is generally considered taboo, particularly subjects that are normally considered serious or painful to discuss. Writers and comedians often use it as a tool for exploring vulgar issues, by provoking discomfort and serious thought as well as amusement in their audience. Thus, in fiction, for example, the term black comedy can also refer to a genre in which dark humor is a core component. Popular themes of the genre include death and violence, discrimination, disease, and human sexuality.\nBlack comedy differs from both blue comedy\u2014which focuses more on crude topics such as nudity, sex, and bodily fluids\u2014and from straightforward obscenity. An archetypal example of black comedy in the form of self-mutilation appears in the English novel Tristram Shandy; Tristram, five years old at the time, starts to urinate out of an open window for lack of a chamber pot. The sash falls and circumcises him; his family reacts with both hysteria and philosophical acceptance.\nWhereas the term black comedy is a relatively broad term covering humor relating to many serious subjects, gallows humor tends to be used more specifically in relation to death, or situations that are reminiscent of dying. Black humor can occasionally be related to the grotesque genre. Literary critics have associated black comedy and black humor with authors as early as the ancient Greeks with Aristophanes.\n\n", "Q891237": "Bokurano: Ours (\u307c\u304f\u3089\u306e, Bokura no, lit. \"Our\") is a Japanese science fiction manga by Mohiro Kitoh that was serialized in the monthly manga magazine Monthly Ikki from 2003 to 2009; 11 tank\u014dbon have been published by Shogakukan. It is about a group of middle-school students who unwillingly assume the task of piloting a giant mecha named Zearth in a series of battles against mechas from parallel worlds, where the survival of Earth is dependent on their continuing to win at the cost of the life of the pilot of each battle.\nThe series has been adapted as an anime television series directed by Hiroyuki Morita and produced by Gonzo that aired in 2007, and a light novel series called Bokura no: Alternative with an alternative story by Renji \u014cki and character designs by Kitoh himself. The manga is licensed in English by Viz Media, which began serializing it in the online English version of Ikki on July 23, 2009; the first print volume was published in February 2010.", "Q12976": "Baudouin (US: ; Dutch: Boudewijn; German: Balduin; 7 September 1930 \u2013 31 July 1993) was King of the Belgians, following his father's abdication, from 1951 until his death in 1993. He was the last Belgian king to be sovereign of the Congo.\nHe was the elder son of King Leopold III (1901\u20131983) and his first wife, Princess Astrid of Sweden (1905\u20131935). Because he and his wife, Queen Fabiola, had no children, at Baudouin's death the crown passed to his younger brother, King Albert II.", "Q233736": "M\u00fda Marie Harrison (born October 10, 1979) is an American singer, dancer, songwriter, producer, and actress. Born into a musical family, before entering the music industry she appeared on BET's Teen Summit. Signed in 1996 with Interscope Records, she released her eponymous debut album in April 1998. A critical and commercial success, the album produced her first top ten single \"It's All About Me.\"\nSubsequent singles, \"Ghetto Supastar (That Is What You Are)\" and \"Take Me There\" continued to raise her profile and attained chart success worldwide, with the former garnering her first Grammy nomination. Fear of Flying, her sophomore album, was released in April 2000 and became a worldwide success, boosted by the success of its singles \"Case of the Ex\" and \"Free.\" Harrison continued her rise to prominence in 2002, when she won her first Grammy Award in the category for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals for her rendition of Labelle's 1975 hit \"Lady Marmalade\" along with Pink, Christina Aguilera and Lil' Kim.Taking a more active role in the production of her music, Harrison released her third studio album, the eccentric Moodring, in July 2003. The album produced the single \"My Love Is Like...Wo\" and was certified gold by the RIAA. Following a label change and a delay in her fourth studio album, Harrison went independent and recorded two exclusive albums for the Japanese music market, Sugar & Spice (2008) and K.I.S.S. (Keep It Sexy & Simple) (2011). In between recording those two albums, she launched her own independent record label Planet 9 and competed in Dancing with the Stars \u2013 season nine; finishing in second place.Now fully independent, Harrison continues to regularly release music. Beginning in 2014, she released a trio of R&B-rooted EPs, With Love (2014), Sweet XVI (2014), and Love Elevation Suite (2015). In 2016, Harrison released her seventh album, the Grammy nominated Smoove Jones. The follow-up, TKO (The Knock Out) arrived in April 2018 to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of her debut album.\nAside from a music career, Harrison branched out into acting; making her feature-film debut in 1999's thriller In Too Deep starring LL Cool J and Omar Epps. She continued to score supporting roles in films such as Chicago (2002), Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights (2004), Shall We Dance? (2004), and Cursed (2005).\nShe has endorsed several brands such as Coca-Cola, Gap, Iceberg, Tommy Hilfiger, and Motorola. Harrison's contribution to music has earned her many accolades in the fields of pop and R&B music categories. In 2009, Billboard listed M\u00fda as one of their Hot 100 Artists of the 2000s; placing her in the 97th position.\nAs of October 2009, she has sold over 3.2 million albums in the U.S. and 7 million albums worldwide.", "Q978495": "Tan Zuoren (born on 15 May 1954), from Chengdu, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China, is an environmentalist, writer and former editor of Literati magazine (\u6587\u5316\u4eba).On February 9, 2010, Zuoren was sentenced to 5 years in prison for \"inciting subversion of state power.\" Amnesty International Asia-Pacific Deputy Director said: \u201cHis arrest, unfair trial and now the guilty verdict are further disturbing examples of how the Chinese authorities use vague and over broad laws to silence and punish dissenting voices.\u201d Due to the nature of the charges and circumstances of the trial, he has been described as a political prisoner.", "Q371277": "Pierre Leemans, Dutch: Pieter Leemans, (1897\u20131980) was a Belgian musician and composer of classical music. He worked in a variety of genres, including orchestral and choral music, film scores, and songs, but is best known for his marches. The \"March of the Belgian Paratroopers\" (Marche des Parachutistes Belges) is especially popular.", "Q65526": "Kai-Uwe von Hassel (21 April 1913 \u2013 8 May 1997) was a German politician from Schleswig-Holstein associated with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as Minister President of Schleswig-Holstein from 1954 to 1963, as Federal Minister of Defence from 1963 to 1966, and as Federal Minister for Displaced Persons, Refugees and War Victims from 1966 to 1969. From 1969 to 1972 he was the 4th President of the Bundestag.", "Q563428": "Viktor Fedorovich Bolkhovitinov (\u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432) (4 February 1899 \u2013 29 January 1970) was a Soviet engineer and team-leader of the developers of the Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1 aircraft. He was also the lead designer of the Bolkhovitinov DB-A bomber named after him.\nBolkhovitinov was one of the first graduates of the Zhukovsky Academy. In 1934, he designed a modernized version of the Tupolev TB-3 bomber called the DB-A (long-range bomber of the academy). On August 12 of 1937, a DB-A attempted to fly over the North Pole to the USA, but the crew perished.\nIn 1937, he designed the \"S\" or \"Spartak\", a small sleek high-speed bomber with a long greenhouse canopy. Two contra-rotating props were driven by a pair of Klimov M-103 V-12 engines. Development of the aircraft and its planned variants was discontinued when the war began.\nIn 1940, Bolkhovitinov became head of his own experimental design bureau OKB-293. Based on a plane design by Bereznyak and Bolkovitinov a few years earlier, and inspired by the attempt of NII-3 to build a ramjet powered plane, Bolkhovitinov decided to build a rocket-powered short-range interceptor. This was the BI-1.\nIn 1944, A.G. Kostakov (head of the jet propulsion institute NII-3) was arrested. NII-3 and Bolkhovitinov's OKB-293 were merged into NII-1, a new jet propulsion research institute. Bokhovitinov was head of research in NII-1. In 1946, his division was turned over to Matus Bisnovat, forming Zavod 293.\nBolkhovitinov received a doctorate in 1947 and became a full-time professor at the Zhukovsky Academy in 1949.", "Q441845": "Teresa \"Teri\" Susan Weigel (born February 24, 1962) is an American pornographic actress, fashion and nude model and Playboy Playmate.", "Q33760": "Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 \u2013 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, essayist, social critic, political activist, and Nobel laureate. Throughout his life, Russell considered himself a liberal, a socialist and a pacifist, although he also sometimes suggested that his sceptical nature had led him to feel that he had \"never been any of these things, in any profound sense.\" Russell was born in Monmouthshire into one of the most prominent aristocratic families in the United Kingdom.In the early 20th century, Russell led the British \"revolt against idealism\". He is considered one of the founders of analytic philosophy along with his predecessor Gottlob Frege, colleague G. E. Moore and prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Ludwig Wittgenstein. He is widely held to be one of the 20th century's premier logicians. With A. N. Whitehead he wrote Principia Mathematica, an attempt to create a logical basis for mathematics, the quintessential work of classical logic. His philosophical essay \"On Denoting\" has been considered a \"paradigm of philosophy\". His work has had a considerable influence on mathematics, logic, set theory, linguistics, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer science (see type theory and type system) and philosophy, especially the philosophy of language, epistemology and metaphysics.\nRussell was a prominent anti-war activist and he championed anti-imperialism. Occasionally, he advocated preventive nuclear war, before the opportunity provided by the atomic monopoly had passed and he decided he would \"welcome with enthusiasm\" world government. He went to prison for his pacifism during World War I. Later, Russell concluded that war against Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany was a necessary \"lesser of two evils\" and criticised Stalinist totalitarianism, attacked the involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War and was an outspoken proponent of nuclear disarmament. In 1950, Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature \"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought\".", "Q109360": "Klaas Heufer-Umlauf (born 22 September 1983 in Oldenburg) is a German television host, actor and singer.", "Q41490": "The Book of Leviticus () is the third book of the Torah and of the Old Testament; scholars generally agree that it developed over a long period of time, reaching its present form during the Persian Period between 538-332 BC. \nMost of its chapters (1\u20137, 11\u201327) consist of God's speeches to Moses, which God commands Moses to repeat to the Israelites. This takes place within the story of the Israelites' Exodus after they escaped Egypt and reached Mt. Sinai (Exodus 19:1). The Book of Exodus narrates how Moses led the Israelites in building the Tabernacle (Exodus 35\u201340) with God's instructions (Exodus 25\u201331). Then in Leviticus, God tells the Israelites and their priests how to make offerings in the Tabernacle and how to conduct themselves while camped around the holy tent sanctuary. Leviticus takes place during the month or month-and-a-half between the completion of the Tabernacle (Exodus 40:17) and the Israelites' departure from Sinai (Numbers 1:1, 10:11).\nThe instructions of Leviticus emphasize ritual, legal and moral practices rather than beliefs. Nevertheless, they reflect the world view of the creation story in Genesis 1 that God wishes to live with humans. The book teaches that faithful performance of the sanctuary rituals can make that possible, so long as the people avoid sin and impurity whenever possible. The rituals, especially the sin and guilt offerings, provide the means to gain forgiveness for sins (Leviticus 4\u20135) and purification from impurities (Leviticus 11\u201316) so that God can continue to live in the Tabernacle in the midst of the people.", "Q840678": "Redondo Beach (Spanish for round) is a coastal city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located in the South Bay region of the Greater Los Angeles area. It is one of three adjacent beach cities along the southern portion of Santa Monica Bay. The population was 66,748 at the 2010 census, up from 63,261 at the 2000 census.\nRedondo Beach was originally part of the 1785 Rancho San Pedro Spanish land grant that later became the South Redondo area. The primary attractions include Municipal Pier and the sandy beach, popular with tourists and a variety of sports enthusiasts. The western terminus of the Metro Rail Green Line is in North Redondo Beach.", "Q70895": "Theodor Karl Ernst Adolf Liebknecht (19 April 1870 - 6 January 1948) was a German socialist politician.", "Q102235": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 2003 novel of the same name. The fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series, it was written by Michael Goldenberg (making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron. The story follows Harry Potter's fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort's return.\nThe film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.\nLive-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006, with a one-month break in June. Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects. The film's budget was reportedly between \u00a375 and 100 million ($150\u2013200 million). Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July, both in conventional and IMAX theatres; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D.\nOrder of the Phoenix opened to a worldwide five-day opening of $333 million, fourteenth of all-time, and grossed $940 million total, second to Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End for the greatest total of 2007. The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008.", "Q4941": "Skyfall is a 2012 spy film and the twenty-third in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions. The film is the third to star Daniel Craig as fictional MI6 agent James Bond and features Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva, the villain, and Judi Dench in her final appearance as M. It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis, Robert Wade, and John Logan, and features the theme song \"Skyfall\", written and performed by Adele. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) and Columbia Pictures.The story centres on Bond investigating an attack on MI6; part of a plot by former agent Raoul Silva to discredit and kill M as revenge for abandoning him. It sees the return of two recurring characters after an absence of two films: Q, played by Ben Whishaw, and Miss Moneypenny, played by Naomie Harris.\nMendes was approached to direct after the release of Quantum of Solace in 2008. Development was suspended when MGM ran into financial trouble, and did not resume until December 2010; meanwhile the original screenwriter, Peter Morgan, left the project. When production resumed, Logan, Purvis, and Wade continued writing what became the final version. Filming began in November 2011, primarily in the United Kingdom, with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey.\nSkyfall premiered at the Royal Albert Hall, London, on 23 October 2012 and was then released in the UK on 26 October and the US on 9 November. It was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues, although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras. The release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series, which began with Dr. No in 1962. Skyfall was very well-received by critics, who praised its screenplay, acting (particularly by Craig, Bardem, and Dench), Mendes's direction, cinematography, musical score, and action sequences. It was the fourteenth film to gross over $1 billion worldwide, and the only James Bond film to do so. It became the seventh-highest-grossing film of all time, the highest-grossing film in the UK, the highest-grossing film in the series, the highest-grossing film worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM, and the second highest-grossing film of 2012. The film won several accolades, including two Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards and two Grammy Awards.\nThe next film in the series, Spectre, was released in November 2015, with Craig reprising his role and Mendes returning to direct.", "Q125852": "Carlo Carli (Pietrasanta, LU, December 13, 1945) is an Italian politician.\nA long-time member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), in 1994 he founded the Labour Federation (FL) and joined the Democrats of the Left (DS) in 1998. Since then, he was the leader of the Socialist faction within DS. He was deputy from 1994 to 2006.", "Q1054510": "Wagaya no Rekishi (\u308f\u304c\u5bb6\u306e\u6b74\u53f2, \"The History of My Family\") is a Japanese three-part television mini-series, shown on Fuji TV from April 9, 2010 to April 11, 2010 to celebrate its 50th Anniversary. The show was known for its star-studded cast.", "Q231121": "Yayoi Kusama (\u8349\u9593 \u5f4c\u751f, Kusama Yayoi, born 22 March 1929) is a Japanese contemporary artist who works primarily in sculpture and installation, but is also active in painting, performance, film, fashion, poetry, fiction, and other arts. Her work is based in conceptual art and shows some attributes of feminism, minimalism, surrealism, Art Brut, pop art, and abstract expressionism, and is infused with autobiographical, psychological, and sexual content. She has been acknowledged as one of the most important living artists to come out of Japan.Kusama was raised in Matsumoto, and trained at the Kyoto School of Arts and Crafts in a traditional Japanese painting style called nihonga. Kusama was inspired, however, by American Abstract impressionism. She moved to New York City in 1958 and was a part of the New York avant-garde scene throughout the 1960s, especially in the pop-art movement. Embracing the rise of the hippie counterculture of the late 1960s, she came to public attention when she organized a series of happenings in which naked participants were painted with brightly colored polka dots. Since the 1970s, Kusama has continued to create art, most notably installations in various museums around the world.Kusama has been open about her mental health. By choice she lives in Seiwa Mental Hospital and says that art has become her way to express her mental disease.", "Q31177": "George William Francis Sackville Russell, 10th Duke of Bedford DL (16 April 1852 \u2013 23 March 1893) was a British peer and politician. He was the son of Francis Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford and Lady Elizabeth Sackville-West.\nRussell graduated from Balliol College, Oxford in 1874 with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) and was admitted to Lincoln's Inn, as a barrister.\nOn 24 October 1876, he married Lady Adeline Marie Somers, daughter of Charles Somers, 3rd Earl Somers. They had no children, but it is known that he had at least one illegitimate child, an Indian daughter. She lived with the pair until her father died and was then sent to live with her uncle, Herbrand Russell, and his family. She lived on the estate until she was married.\nRussell was a Liberal member of parliament for Bedfordshire between 1875 and 1885, when the constituency was abolished. He was High Sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1889 and was later a Deputy Lieutenant of the county.\nIn 1891, Russell inherited the title of Duke of Bedford, together with Woburn Abbey and several other estates which went with it, including Chenies, Buckinghamshire, and an area of central London around Bedford Square.\nIn 1893, at the age of forty, he died of diabetes, at number 37, Chesham Place, London, and was buried in the 'Bedford Chapel' at St. Michael's Church at Chenies. His titles and estates were inherited by his younger brother Herbrand Russell.\n\n", "Q363673": "Anthony \"Anton\" Rodgers (10 January 1933 \u2013 1 December 2007) was an English actor and occasional director. He performed on stage, in film, in television dramas and sitcoms. He starred in several sitcoms, including Fresh Fields (ITV, 1984\u201386), its sequel French Fields (ITV, 1989\u201391), and May to December (BBC, 1989\u201394).", "Q115991": "Arthur Fonjallaz (2 January 1875 \u2013 24 January 1944) was a Swiss military figure, publisher and fascist.\nThe son of a vineyard owner from Lausanne (he was born in nearby Prilly) he attended the Military Academy of Modena and pursued a successful career in the Swiss Army, achieving the highest peacetime rank of brigadier general whilst commanding the 4th Infantry Brigade.Fonjallaz took an early interest in politics, although his ideas were ill-defined as he was both a radical and an admirer of Enrico Corradini, whilst also becoming involved in an agrarian progenitor of the Swiss People's Party. Leaving the party in 1932, he took up a post as principal of military sciences and war history at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9deral in Z\u00fcrich Colonel Fonjallaz was, however, relieved of his duties in 1933 after it came to light that he had been a member of the governing board of the fascistic Heimatwehr as well as the National Front, both of which were noted for their virulent anti-Semitism.The wealthy Fonjallaz then set up Helvetic Action Against Secret Societies which was particularly geared towards opposing Freemasonry. Taking advantage of the initiative process, Fonjallaz attempted to pass an amendment to the Swiss Federal Constitution banning the practice, but this was defeated in 1937.In 1932, he had also led a group of his supporters to Italy for a meeting with Benito Mussolini and became a strong supporter of Italian fascism as a result. He soon founded the Swiss Fascist Federation, which received 2 million lira a year from Mussolini. A devoted follower of Mussolini, he spoke of the power of the rhetoric of Il Duce in glowing terms.\n\nAs Mussolini began to speak presenting the goals of fascism, we Swiss understood immediately the significance of this man and responded to the radiant power of his personality. We were all directly convinced that such a leader could do more for world peace than hundreds of politicians.\nA supporter of a possible Italian annexation of the country, Fonjallaz was expelled from the Heimatwehr for this position, but continued to be a devotee of Mussolini, publishing a biography of his hero, En\u00e9rgie et Volont\u00e9 (Drive and Will), in 1937. Despite this, Italian funding ended in 1936 and Fonjallaz disappeared from public life.Colonel Fonjallaz returned to the public eye in January 1940 when border guards arrested him in Schaffhausen as he was attempting to enter Nazi Germany. In a subsequent trial, Fonjallaz was found guilty of being a spy for Adolf Hitler, spending over two years in prison as a result. Released in 1943, he died the following year.", "Q520505": "Emilio Bot\u00edn-Sanz de Sautuola y Garc\u00eda de los R\u00edos, iure uxoris Marquess of O'Shea (1 October 1934 \u2013 10 September 2014) was a Spanish banker. He was the executive chairman of Spain's Grupo Santander. In 1993 his bank absorbed Banco Espa\u00f1ol de Cr\u00e9dito (Banesto), and in 1999 it merged with Banco Central Hispano creating Banco Santander Central Hispano (BSCH), which became Spain's largest bank, of which he was co-president with Central Hispano's Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Amusategui, until Amusategui retired in 2002. In 2004, BSCH acquired the British bank Abbey National, making BSCH the second largest bank in Europe by market capitalisation. He was known for his obsession with growth and performance as well as regularly visiting branches.", "Q267367": "Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands (n\u00e9e Petra Laurentien Brinkhorst; born 25 May 1966) is the wife of Prince Constantijn and sister-in-law of King Willem-Alexander and Queen M\u00e1xima.\n\n", "Q1430261": "Sir Peter James Blake (1 October 1948 \u2013 5 December 2001) was a New Zealand yachtsman who won the 1989\u20131990 Whitbread Round the World Race, held the Jules Verne Trophy from 1994 to 1997 by setting the fastest time around the world as co-skipper of ENZA New Zealand, and led his country to successive victories in the America's Cup.\nIn honour of his services to yachting, Blake was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1995, and received an honorary doctorate in 2000 from Auckland University of Technology.\nBlake was shot and killed by pirates while monitoring environment change on the Amazon River on 5 December 2001. He was 53 years old.", "Q3588793": "\u00c9mile V\u00e9ron (26 March 1925 \u2013 20 November 2013) was a French entrepreneur that created the model car brand Norev with his two brothers, Joseph and Paul, in 1946. The name of the company is his name spelled backwards.\nHe later created the toy company Majorette in 1961.For his conduct he was awarded the National Order of the Legion of Honour, but 1992-1993 had judicial problems related to the failure of Majorette.\n\n", "Q19837": "Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 \u2013 October 5, 2011) was an American business magnate, industrial designer, investor, and media proprietor. He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc., the chairman and majority shareholder of Pixar, a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar, and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT. Jobs is widely recognized as a pioneer of the personal computer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s, along with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak.\nJobs was born in San Francisco, California, and put up for adoption. He was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area. He attended Reed College in 1972 before dropping out that same year, and traveled through India in 1974 seeking enlightenment and studying Zen Buddhism. His declassified FBI report states that he used marijuana and LSD while he was in college, and once told a reporter that taking LSD was \"one of the two or three most important things\" he had done in his life.\nJobs and Wozniak co-founded Apple in 1976 to sell Wozniak's Apple I personal computer. Together the duo gained fame and wealth a year later with the Apple II, one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputers. Jobs saw the commercial potential of the Xerox Alto in 1979, which was mouse-driven and had a graphical user interface (GUI). This led to the development of the unsuccessful Apple Lisa in 1983, followed by the breakthrough Macintosh in 1984, the first mass-produced computer with a GUI. The Macintosh introduced the desktop publishing industry in 1985 with the addition of the Apple LaserWriter, the first laser printer to feature vector graphics. Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985 after a long power struggle with the company's board and its then-CEO John Sculley. That same year, Jobs took a few of Apple's members with him to found NeXT, a computer platform development company that specialized in computers for higher-education and business markets. In addition, he helped to develop the visual effects industry when he funded the computer graphics division of George Lucas's Lucasfilm in 1986. The new company was Pixar, which produced the first 3D computer animated film Toy Story (1995).\nApple acquired NeXT in 1997, and Jobs became CEO of his former company within a few months. He was largely responsible for helping revive Apple, which had been at the verge of bankruptcy. He worked closely with designer Jony Ive to develop a line of products that had larger cultural ramifications, beginning in 1997 with the \"Think different\" advertising campaign and leading to the iMac, iTunes, iTunes Store, Apple Store, iPod, iPhone, App Store, and the iPad. In 2001, the original Mac OS was replaced with a completely new Mac OS X, based on NeXT's NeXTSTEP platform, giving the OS a modern Unix-based foundation for the first time. Jobs was diagnosed with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in 2003. He died of respiratory arrest related to the tumor at age 56 on October 5, 2011.", "Q3183431": "Jonathan Neale is a British businessman and director of McLaren Group. Neale's role came to general public awareness, when he was personally fined 150,000 Euros for his involvement in the 2007 Formula One espionage controversy, which centred around the theft of 780 pages of confidential Ferrari documents. Neale remains employed by McLaren in the group operation, alongside Zak Brown.", "Q70881": "Margot Hielscher (29 September 1919 \u2013 20 August 2017) was a German singer and film actress. She appeared in over fifty films between and 1939 and 1994.\nHielscher was born in Berlin. In 1957, she was chosen to represent Germany at the Eurovision Song Contest 1957 with the song \"Telefon, Telefon\" (Telephone, Telephone). The song finished fourth out of ten, with eight points.\nHielscher was chosen again to represent Germany at the Eurovision Song Contest 1958 with the song \"F\u00fcr Zwei Groschen Musik\" (Music For Two Pennies). The song finished seventh out of ten, with 5 points.\nIn 1989, she starred in the TV series Rivalen der Rennbahn. She died in Munich, aged 97.", "Q708231": "Ronald Ray Bryant, (born October 18, 1975) better known by his stage name Baby Bash (formerly Baby Beesh) is an American rapper and singer. From 1995\u201398, he performed under the stage name Baby Beesh, as part of Dope House Records, after which he changed the last part of the name to \"Bash.\" His first album \"Savage Dreams\", was followed by On Tha Cool; and Tha Smokin' Nephew, which included the singles \"Suga Suga\" and \"Shorty DooWop\". In 2005, Super Saucy was released, its lead single being \"Baby, I'm Back\", a collaboration with singer Akon. Cyclone followed in 2007, with its title single featuring T-Pain and its follow-up, \"What Is It\" featuring Sean Kingston, landing on the Billboard charts as well.He contributed to other performers' works, including the song \"Obsession (No Es Amor)\" by the 3rd Wish, released in Europe and later a U.S release with a re-recording of the European version, performed by Frankie J in 2005 and \"Doing Too Much\" by Paula DeAnda in 2006.\nHe has collaborated with numerous other artists during his career, such as West Coast rappers B-Legit, C-Bo, Coolio- Da'unda'dogg, E-40 and Mac Dre, R&B singers like Akon, Avant, Natalie, Bohemia, Mario, and Nate Dogg, and other Latino rappers such as Fat Joe, Nino B, Doll-E Girl, South Park Mexican, Frost, and Pitbull. He continues to write lyrics for singers such as Paula DeAnda, Jennifer Hudson and Frankie J.", "Q163813": "Rudolf Schuster (born 4 January 1934) was President of Slovakia from 1999 to 2004. He was elected on 29 May 1999 and inaugurated on 15 June. In the presidential elections of April 2004, in which he sought re-election, Schuster was defeated. He received only 7.4% of the vote, with three other candidates (Ivan Ga\u0161parovi\u010d, Vladim\u00edr Me\u010diar and Eduard Kukan) receiving more than that. He was succeeded by Ivan Ga\u0161parovi\u010d.", "Q818407": "Benyamin S\u00f6nmez (January 16, 1983 \u2013 November 30, 2011) was a Turkish classical cellist.", "Q769803": "The Fania All-Stars is a musical group formed in 1968 as a showcase for the musicians on Fania Records, the leading salsa music record label of the time.", "Q231135": "Annette O'Toole (born April 1, 1952) is an American actress, dancer, and singer-songwriter. She is probably best known for portraying Lisa Bridges in the TV series Nash Bridges; Beverly Marsh in the It miniseries; Lana Lang in Superman III; Elaine, the girlfriend of Nick Nolte's character in 48 Hrs.; the leading role, Kathy, in the romantic-comedy Cross My Heart; and Martha Kent, the mother of Clark Kent, on the television series Smallville.", "Q68016": "Helga Tr\u00fcpel (born 21 July 1958) is a German politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2004 until 2019. She is a member of the Alliance '90/The Greens, part of the European Green Party.From 1991 to 1995 Tr\u00fcpel served as State Minister for Culture and the Integration of Immigrants in the City State of Bremen.", "Q258183": "Misono K\u014dda (\u795e\u7530 \u7f8e\u82d1, K\u014dda Misono), publicly known mononymously as Misono (stylized as misono), is a Japanese singer-songwriter and TV personality. She was born in Kyoto, Japan, and is the younger sister of singer Koda Kumi.", "Q124580": "Ren\u00e9 Morax (11 May 1873 \u2013 3 January 1963) was a Swiss writer, playwright, stage director and theatre manager. He founded the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre du Jorat in Morges in 1908, and promoted historical and rural theatre in French in Switzerland. He is known for the play Le Roi David, with music by Arthur Honegger.", "Q1676298": "James Christopher Flowers (born October 27, 1957) is an American private equity investor and investment manager focused on the financial services industry. He is a Managing Director and CEO of J.C. Flowers & Co., and a member of the firm's Management Committee.", "Q78205": "Armin Laschet (born 18 February 1961) is a German politician. Since 27 June 2017 he has been the Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia. He also serves as one of five deputy chairmen of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) and as head of the party in his home state.", "Q92804": "Donald Arthur Norman (born December 25, 1935) is an American researcher, professor, and author. Norman is the director of The Design Lab at University of California, San Diego. He is best known for his books on design, especially The Design of Everyday Things. He is widely regarded for his expertise in the fields of design, usability engineering, and cognitive science. He is a co-founder and consultant with the Nielsen Norman Group. He is also an IDEO fellow and a member of the Board of Trustees of IIT Institute of Design in Chicago. He also holds the title of Professor Emeritus of Cognitive Science at the University of California, San Diego. Norman is an active Distinguished Visiting Professor at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), where he spends two months a year teaching.Much of Norman's work involves the advocacy of user-centered design. His books all have the underlying purpose of furthering the field of design, from doors to computers. Norman has taken a controversial stance in saying that the design research community has had little impact in the innovation of products, and that while academics can help in refining existing products, it is technologists that accomplish the breakthroughs. To this end, Norman named his website with the initialism JND (just-noticeable difference) to signify his endeavors to make a difference.\n\n", "Q43293": "John Maxwell Coetzee () (born 9 February 1940) is a South African-born novelist, essayist, linguist, translator and recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature. He has also won the Booker Prize (twice), the CNA Prize (thrice), the Jerusalem Prize, the Prix Femina \u00e9tranger, The Irish Times International Fiction Prize, and holds a number of other awards and honorary doctorates.He is one of the most critically acclaimed and decorated authors in the English language.Coetzee relocated to Australia in 2002, and currently lives in Adelaide. He became an Australian citizen in 2006.", "Q430070": "Lookout Records was an independent record label, initially based in Laytonville, California and later in Berkeley, focusing on punk rock. Established in 1987, the label is best known for having released Operation Ivy\u2019s only album, Energy, and Green Day's first two albums, Kerplunk and 39/Smooth.\nFollowing the departure of co-founder Larry Livermore in 1997, the label departed from its \"East Bay sound\" and proved unable to match early success. In 2005 the label ran into financial difficulties after several high-profile artists rescinded the rights to their Lookout Records material. After a period of rapid contraction the label slowly expired, terminating operations and removing its music from online distribution channels early in 2012.", "Q368732": "Eliyahu Moshe Goldratt (March 31, 1947 \u2013 June 11, 2011) was an Israeli business management guru. He was the originator of the Optimized Production Technique, the Theory of Constraints (TOC), the Thinking Processes, Drum-Buffer-Rope, Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) and other TOC derived tools.\nHe was the author of several business novels and non-fiction works, mainly on the application of the theory of constraints to various manufacturing, engineering, and other business processes.\nThe processes are typically modeled as resource flows, the constraints typically represent limits on flows. In his book The Goal, the protagonist is a manager in charge of a troubled manufacturing operation. At any point in time, one particular constraint (such as inadequate capacity at a machine tool) limits total system throughput, and when the constraint is resolved, another constraint becomes the critical one. The plot of Goldratt's stories revolve around identifying the current limiting constraint and raising it, which is followed by finding out which is the next limiting constraint. Another common theme is that the system being analyzed has excess capacity at a number of non-critical points, which, contrary to conventional wisdom, is absolutely essential to ensure constant operation of the constrained resource.", "Q1094046": "City, University of London (abbreviated CUL) is a public research university in London, United Kingdom. It has been a constituent college of the University of London since 2016. It was founded in 1894 as the Northampton Institute, and became a university when The City University was created by royal charter in 1966. The Inns of Court School of Law, which merged with City in 2001, was established in 1852, making it the University's oldest constituent part. City joined the federal University of London on 1 September 2016, becoming part of the eighteen colleges and ten research institutes that make up that university.City has strong links with the City of London, and the Lord Mayor of London serves as the university's rector. The university has its main campus in Central London in the London Borough of Islington, with additional campuses in Islington, the City, the West End and East End. The annual income of the institution for 2016\u201317 was \u00a3227.0 million, of which \u00a311.6 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3221.4 million. It is organised into five schools, within which there are around forty academic departments and centres, including the Department of Journalism, the Cass Business School, and City Law School which incorporates the Inns of Court School of Law.City is ranked as the 351st best university worldwide by the QS World University Rankings 2020. The Cass Business School is ranked 5th in the UK, and in the top 40 in the world, in the Financial Times' 2017 Global MBA Rankings. City is a founding member of the WC2 University Network which developed for collaboration between leading universities of the heart of major world cities particularly to address cultural, environmental and political issues of common interest to world cities and their universities. The university is a member of the Association of MBAs, EQUIS and Universities UK.\nAlumni of City include a Founding Father, members of Parliament of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister's of the United Kingdom, governors, politicians and CEO's.", "Q705715": "RuPaul Andre Charles (born November 17, 1960) is an American drag queen, actor, model, singer, songwriter, and television personality. Since 2009, he has produced and hosted the reality competition series RuPaul's Drag Race, for which he has received six Primetime Emmy Awards, in 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019. RuPaul is considered to be the most commercially successful drag queen in the United States. In 2017, he was included in the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. In 2019, Fortune noted RuPaul as \"easily the world's most famous\" drag queen.RuPaul was born and raised in San Diego, California and later moved to Atlanta, Georgia to study performing arts. He settled in New York City, where he became a popular fixture on the nightclub scene. RuPaul achieved international fame as a drag queen with the release of his debut single, \"Supermodel (You Better Work)\", which was included on his debut studio album Supermodel of the World (1993). In 1994, he became a spokesperson for MAC Cosmetics, raising money for the Mac AIDS Fund and becoming the first drag queen to land a major cosmetics campaign. That year, he received his own talk show on VH1, The RuPaul Show, which he hosted for over 100 episodes, while co-hosting the morning radio show on WKTU with Michelle Visage. He has had continued success as a recording artist, releasing 14 studio albums to date (as of 2017), including Foxy Lady (1996), Champion (2009), Glamazon (2011), Born Naked (2014), and American (2017).\nAs an actor, RuPaul has made appearances in films including Crooklyn (1994), The Brady Bunch Movie (1995), To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar (1995), But I'm a Cheerleader (1999), Hurricane Bianca (2016), the Comedy Central series Broad City (2017), and the Netflix original programming Girlboss (2017) and Grace and Frankie (2019). He has also published three books: Lettin' It All Hang Out (1995), Workin' It! RuPaul's Guide to Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Style (2010), and GuRu (2018). Additionally, RuPaul's Drag Race has produced eleven seasons to date (as of 2019) and has inspired several spin-off series, including RuPaul's Drag U and RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars. He is also featured as a host on series such as Skin Wars, Good Work, and Gay for Play Game Show Starring RuPaul. In June 2019, his daytime talk show RuPaul premiered, which was cancelled after a three-week test run.RuPaul is indifferent to gender-specific pronouns about him, writing: \"You can call me he. You can call me she. You can call me Regis and Kathie Lee; I don't care! Just as long as you call me.\" RuPaul has also played male roles and makes public appearances in male and female drag.", "Q118279": "Hermann Obrecht (26 March 1882 \u2013 21 August 1940) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1935\u20131940).\n\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 4 April 1935 and handed over office on 31 July 1940. He was affiliated to the Radical Democratic Party. During his time in office he headed up the Federal Department of Economic Affairs.", "Q321454": "Female Perversions is a 1996 drama film, the first feature directed by Susan Streitfeld, which stars Tilda Swinton, Amy Madigan, Karen Sillas, Frances Fisher, Paulina Porizkova and Clancy Brown. It draws on insights from the 1991 book Female Perversions: The Temptations of Emma Bovary by the New York psychoanalyst Louise J. Kaplan. Aspects of female psychology, particularly the more morbid, are explored through the interactions of the characters and through their fantasies.", "Q22679": "The Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed Faith (; Persian: \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u200e Bah\u0101\u02bci) is a religion teaching the essential worth of all religions, and the unity of all people. Established by Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h in 1863, it initially grew in Persia and parts of the Middle East, where it has faced ongoing persecution since its inception. It is estimated to have between 5 and 8 million adherents, known as Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00eds, spread throughout most of the world's countries and territories.It grew from the mid-19th-century B\u00e1b\u00ed religion, whose founder (the B\u00e1b) taught that God would soon send a prophet in the same way of Jesus or Muhammad. In 1863, after being banished from his native Iran, Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h (1817\u20131892) announced that he was this prophet. He was further exiled, spending over a decade in the prison city of Acre in Ottoman Palestine. Following Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h's death in 1892, leadership of the religion fell to his son \u02bbAbdu'l-Bah\u00e1 (1844\u20131921), and later his great-grandson Shoghi Effendi (1897\u20131957). Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00eds around the world annually elect local, regional, and national Spiritual Assemblies that govern the affairs of the religion, and every five years the members of all National Spiritual Assemblies elect the Universal House of Justice, the nine-member supreme governing institution of the worldwide Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed community, which sits in Haifa, Israel, near the Shrine of the B\u00e1b.\nBah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed teachings are in some ways similar to other monotheistic faiths: God is considered single and all-powerful. However, Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h taught that religion is orderly and progressively revealed by one God through Manifestations of God who are the founders of major world religions throughout history; Buddha, Jesus, and Muhammad being the most recent in the period before the B\u00e1b and Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h. Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00eds regard the major religions as fundamentally unified in purpose, though varied in social practices and interpretations. There is a similar emphasis on the unity of all people, openly rejecting notions of racism and nationalism. At the heart of Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed teachings is the goal of a unified world order that ensures the prosperity of all nations, races, creeds, and classes.Letters written by Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h to various individuals, including some heads of state, have been collected and assembled into a canon of Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed scripture that includes works by his son \u02bbAbdu'l-Bah\u00e1, and also the B\u00e1b, who is regarded as Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h's forerunner. Prominent among Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed literature are the Kit\u00e1b-i-Aqdas, Kit\u00e1b-i-\u00cdq\u00e1n, Some Answered Questions, and The Dawn-Breakers.", "Q1783013": "Geirr Lystrup (born 22 March 1949) is a Norwegian singer, poet, playwright and children's writer. He was born in Vinje. His debut album was Ti p\u00e5 taket og M\u00e5ltrostblues from 1972. His album Songen om kj\u00e6rligheta from 1981 (a cooperation with Det Norske Kammerkor) was awarded Spellemannprisen. He was awarded Pr\u00f8ysenprisen in 1987. He has played with the music group Godtfolk, and their first album Egg og Champagne from 1988 was awarded Spellemannprisen. Among his plays is Brakar og Joanna, staged at Riksteatret at its 50th anniversary in 1999.", "Q101728": "Michael G. Rossmann (30 July 1930 \u2013 14 May 2019) was a German-American physicist, microbiologist, and Hanley Distinguished Professor of Biological Sciences at Purdue University who led a team of researchers to be the first to map the structure of a human common cold virus to an atomic level. He also discovered the Rossmann fold protein motif. His most well recognised contribution to structural biology is the development of a phasing technique named molecular replacement, which has led to about three quarters of depositions in the Protein Data Bank.", "Q1095358": "Clarence \"Tom\" Ashley (September 29, 1895 \u2013 June 2, 1967) was an American musician and singer, who played the clawhammer banjo and the guitar. He began performing at medicine shows in the Southern Appalachian region as early as 1911, and gained initial fame during the late 1920s as both a solo recording artist and as a member of various string bands. After his \"rediscovery\" during the folk revival of the 1960s, Ashley spent the last years of his life playing at folk music concerts, including appearances at Carnegie Hall in New York and at the Newport Folk Festival in Rhode Island.", "Q183059": "Thomas Theodore Crittenden (January 1, 1832 \u2013 May 29, 1909) was a United States colonel during the American Civil War, and a Democratic politician who served as the 24th Governor of Missouri from 1881 to 1885.", "Q1680268": "James Weldon Demmel Jr. (born October 19, 1955) is an American mathematician and computer scientist, the Dr. Richard Carl Dehmel Distinguished Professor of Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley.", "Q4300055": "Mikhail Pavlovich Mokretsov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043e\u0432) (born 9 February 1961, Udmurt ASSR) is a \nRussian businessman and state official. He served as the Chief of the Federal Tax Service between 2007 and 2010.\nMikhail Mokretsov graduated the Leningrad Institute of Finance & Economics (currently Saint Petersburg State University of Economics and Finance) in 1984 with a degree in economics.\nAfter graduating he served for two years as an officer in the Soviet Army.\nIn the years 1986 - 1988 he worked as a Deputy Accountant General at the \"Bolshevik\" plant in Leningrad. The plant was producing high-tech equipment for the Soviet Army.\nIn 1989 - 1992 was an Accountant General at \"DAP International\", a company operating in the sphere of international trade.\nLater, in 1992 - 1996 worked as a Financial Director in the agricultural company \"Rosagrico\".\nFrom 1996 to year 2000 was a Director General of the consulting company \"A&P Audit\", which he also co-owned.\nSince year 2000 has been a state official. First, Mr. Mokretsov worked as a Chief of the Control & Inspection Department of the Saint Petersburg Directorate of the Tax Ministry of Russia. Later he was promoted to the position of Deputy Chief of the Saint Petersburg Directorate of the Tax Ministry of Russia.\nIn 2004 he moved to Moscow and became the Chief of the Moscow Directorate of the Tax Ministry of Russia. The same year he was later appointed a Chief of the International Cooperation Department of the Tax Ministry of Russia.\nOn 19 November 2004 Mokretsov became the Deputy Chief of the Federal Tax Service, which Tax Ministry of Russia was reorganized into.\nOn 21 February 2007 he was appointed as the Chief of the Federal Tax Service.\nMikhail Mokretsov is famous for his strict policy against tax legislation offenders and was considered to be one of the closest allies of the Defence Minister of the Russian Federation Anatoliy Serdyukov and Prime Minister of Russia Viktor Zubkov.\nMikhail Mokretsov is married and has a son named Alexander (born 1984).\nIn 2006 Mikhail Mokretsov was given the title of Honoured Economist of the Russian Federation.\nOn 7 April 2010 Mikhail Mokretsov was appointed Chief of Staff of Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation.", "Q1991026": "Elizabeth Clare Prophet (n\u00e9e: Wulf, a.k.a. Guru Ma) (April 8, 1939 \u2013 October 15, 2009) was an American spiritual leader, author, orator, and writer. In 1963 she married Mark L. Prophet (after ending her first marriage), who had founded The Summit Lighthouse in 1958. Mark and Elizabeth had four children. Elizabeth, after her second husband's death on February 26, 1973, assumed control of The Summit Lighthouse.In 1975 Prophet founded Church Universal and Triumphant, which became the umbrella organisation for the movement, and which she expanded worldwide. She also founded Summit University and Summit University Press. In the late 1980s Prophet controversially called on her members to prepare for the possibility of nuclear war at the turn of the decade, encouraging them to construct fallout shelters. In 1996, Prophet handed day-to-day operational control of her organisation to a president and board of directors. She maintained her role as spiritual leader until her retirement due to health reasons in 1999.During the 1980s and 1990s Prophet appeared on Larry King Live, Donahue and Nightline, among other television programs. Earlier media appearances included a feature in 1977 in \"The Man Who Would Not Die,\" an episode of NBC's In Search Of... series. She was also featured in 1994 on NBC's Ancient Prophecies.", "Q641143": "Nochnye Snaipery (Russian: \u041d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0439\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044b, literally \"Night Snipers\") is a Russian rock group. It was founded in 1993 as an acoustic female duo of Diana Arbenina and Svetlana Surganova. The ladies played guitar and violin respectively, sharing the vocal and songwriting duties evenly, eventually adding amplification to the band. Since its inception the band has participated in a variety of Russian musical festivals \u2014 from the underground (such as Babye Leto and Moguchaya Kuchka) to the major events (Nashestvie, Maxidrom, Krylya), as well as touring extensively domestically and abroad.\nBest known singles of the band are Tridtsat Pervaya Vesna (\"31st Spring\"), Rubezh (\"Frontier\"), Stolitsa (\"Capital\"), Asfalt (\"Asphalt\"), and Aktrisa (\"Actress\"). The majority of the songs in the band's repertoire is written by Arbenina and Surganova, but some use the poetry of such famous authors as Joseph Brodsky, Anna Akhmatova, and Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca.\nIn 2002 Svetlana Surganova left the band to create her own group Surganova i Orkestr (\"Surganova and Orchestra\"), and Diana remained the headliner of Night Snipers.\n\n", "Q327743": "Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph de Champagny, 4th Duke of Cadore (8 September 1804, Vienna \u2013 4 May 1882 Paris) was a French author and historian. He was the thirteenth member elected to occupy seat 4 of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1869.", "Q265202": "Sandy West (July 10, 1959 \u2013 October 21, 2006) was an American musician, singer, songwriter and drummer. She was one of the founding members of the Runaways, the first teenage all-girl hard rock band to record and achieve widespread commercial success in the 1970s.", "Q3568667": "William Grant Stairs (1 July 1863 \u2013 9 June 1892) was a Canadian-British explorer, soldier, and adventurer who had a leading role in two of the most controversial expeditions in the Scramble for Africa.\n\n", "Q106721": "Peter von Zahn (29 January 1913 \u2013 26 July 2001) was a German author, film maker, and journalist.\nBorn in Chemnitz as a son of an officer, he grew up in Dresden and studied law, history, and philosophy. He was drafted at the beginning of World War II. After the war, he was one of the founders of the Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk (NWDR). For three years, he managed the NWDR Studio in D\u00fcsseldorf where he introduced Anglo-Saxon style journalism with self-critical irony.\nIn 1951, he went to the United States as a foreign correspondent. He worked until a very advanced age and produced over 3000 radio shows and 1000 television films.\nHe received many awards such as the Adolf-Grimme-Preis (3), the DAG-Fernsehpreis in Silver and Gold, the Goldene Kamera and the Bayerischer Fernsehpreis, and is considered the standard for subsequent radio and television journalism. The State of Hamburg promoted him in 1995 to a Professor honoris causa.\nHe died in Hamburg aged 88.\n\n", "Q157208": "William Henry Cavendish Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, (14 April 1738 \u2013 30 October 1809) was a British Whig and Tory politician during the late Georgian era. He served as Chancellor of the University of Oxford (1792\u20131809) and twice as the Prime Minister, of Great Britain (1783) and then of the United Kingdom (1807\u201309). The twenty-four years between his two terms as Prime Minister is the longest gap between terms of office of any British Prime Minister.\nPortland was known before 1762 by the courtesy title Marquess of Titchfield. He held a title of every degree of British nobility: Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, and Baron. He is also a great-great-great-grandfather of Elizabeth II through her maternal grandmother.", "Q8809": "Domitius Marsus () was a Latin poet, friend of Virgil and Tibullus, and contemporary of Horace.He survived Tibullus (died 19 BC), but was no longer alive when Ovid wrote (c. 12 AD) the epistle from Pontus (Ex Ponto, iv. 16) containing a list of poets. He was the author of a collection of epigrams called Cicuta (\"hemlock\") for their bitter sarcasm, and of a beautiful epitaph on the death of Tibullus; of elegiac poems, probably of an erotic character; of an epic poem Amazonis; and of a prose work on wit (De urbanitate).Martial often alluded to Marsus as one of his predecessors, but he was never mentioned by Horace, although a passage in the Odes (iv. 4, 19) is supposed to be an indirect allusion to the Amazonis.", "Q1783775": "Keith Matthew Thornton (born October 7, 1963), better known by his stage name Kool Keith, is an American rapper and record producer from The Bronx, New York known for his surreal, abstract and often profane or incomprehensible lyrics. Kool Keith has recorded prolifically both as a solo artist and in group collaborations. Kool Keith is generally considered to be one of hip-hop's most eccentric and unusual personalities.Kool Keith was a cofounding member of Ultramagnetic MCs, whose debut Critical Beatdown was released in 1988. After two more albums with the group, Funk Your Head Up and The Four Horsemen, Kool Keith released his critically acclaimed solo debut album, Dr. Octagonecologyst under the name Dr. Octagon in 1996. He subsequently released a series of further independently released hip hop albums, including Sex Style, First Come, First Served (as Dr. Dooom), and most recently Keith.After releasing only one album on a major label, Black Elvis/Lost in Space, Kool Keith subsequently returned to independently releasing music, producing further efforts as a solo artist and in collaboration with groups such as Analog Brothers, Masters of Illusion, Thee Undatakerz and Project Polaroid. Kool Keith has also made guest appearances in collaboration with Peeping Tom and Yeah Yeah Yeahs. He was also featured on the short track DDT on Jurassic 5's album Power in Numbers. The Prodigy's hit \"Smack My Bitch Up\" was based on a sample of Kool Keith's voice saying \"Change my pitch up. Smack my bitch up.\"", "Q1067870": "Charterhouse is a boarding school in Godalming, Surrey. Originally founded by Thomas Sutton in 1611 on the site of the old Carthusian monastery in Charterhouse Square, Smithfield, London, it educates over 800 pupils, aged 13 to 18 years, and is one of the original Great Nine English public schools. Today pupils are still referred to as Carthusians, and ex-pupils as Old Carthusians.\nCharterhouse charges full boarders up to \u00a339,165 per annum (2018/19) and is among the most expensive Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC) schools in the UK. It has educated one British Prime Minister and has a long list of notable alumni.", "Q65254": "Silvaplana (Romansh: Silvaplauna ) is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden and the name of a lake in the municipality.", "Q619328": "Apollonia Kotero (born Patricia Apollonia Kotero; August 2, 1959) is an American singer, actress, former model and talent manager. She is known for co-starring in Prince's 1984 film Purple Rain and for having been the lead singer of the girl group Apollonia 6.", "Q63625": "Don Emilio Alcal\u00e1-Galiano y Valencia, 4th Count of Casa Valencia and 2nd Viscount of the Pont\u00f3n (Madrid, Spain, 7 March 1831 \u2013 San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain, 12 November 1914) was a Spanish noble and politician who served as Minister of State in the reign of King Alfonso XII.", "Q130293": "The Miser (Italian: L'avaro) is a 1990 Italian comedy film directed by Tonino Cervi. It is a loose adaptation of Moli\u00e8re's comedy The Miser.", "Q317858": "Momofuku Ando (Japanese: \u5b89\u85e4 \u767e\u798f, Hepburn: And\u014d Momofuku), ORS, (March 5, 1910 \u2013 January 5, 2007) was a Taiwanese-Japanese inventor and businessman who founded Nissin Food Products Co., Ltd.. He is known as the inventor of instant noodles and the creator of the brands Top Ramen and Cup Noodles.", "Q201790": "Maha Ghosananda (full title Samdech Preah Maha Ghosananda - Khmer: \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178a\u1785\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u1783\u17c4\u179f\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17d2\u1791; Pali: Mah\u0101ghos\u0101nanda; May 23, 1913 \u2013 March 12, 2007) was a highly revered Cambodian Buddhist monk in the Theravada tradition, who served as the Patriarch (Sangharaja) of Cambodian Buddhism during the Khmer Rouge period and post-communist transition period of Cambodian history. His Pali monastic name, 'Mah\u0101 Ghos\u0101nanda', means \"great joyful proclaimer\". He was well known in Cambodia for his annual peace marches.", "Q923485": "Peter Gerety (born May 17, 1940) is an American actor.", "Q268726": "Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas Lampreave P\u00e9rez (11 December 1930 \u2013 4 April 2016), known professionally as Chus Lampreave, was a Spanish actress. Born in Madrid, she began appearing in films in 1958, but she became internationally known thanks to her roles in films by Pedro Almod\u00f3var, where she played old ladies with maternal or pastoral traits.She died in Almer\u00eda on 4 April 2016 at the age of 85.", "Q104136": "Ludwig Derleth (3 November 1870 \u2013 13 January 1948) was a German writer.\nHe was born in Gerolzhofen in Bavaria. After studying philosophy and literature Derleth worked as a college level teacher of ancient languages. While living in Munich he became part of the Stefan George entourage and also the Munich Cosmic Circle of Alfred Schuler and Ludwig Klages, which broke up in 1904.\nIn later years he made his living as a free-lance writer in Rome, Basel, Perchtolfsdorf outside Vienna and, from 1935, in Ticino, where he died in 1948.", "Q57580": "Felix Martin Julius Steiner (23 May 1896 \u2013 12 May 1966) was a German SS commander during the Nazi era. During World War II, he served in the Waffen-SS, the combat branch of the SS, and commanded several SS divisions and corps. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords. Together with Paul Hausser, he contributed significantly to the development and transformation of the Waffen-SS into a combat force made up of volunteers and conscripts from both occupied and un-occupied lands.Steiner was chosen by Heinrich Himmler to oversee the creation of and then command the SS Division Wiking. In 1943, he was promoted to the command of the III SS Panzer Corps. On 28 January 1945, Steiner was placed in command of the 11th SS Panzer Army, which formed part of a new Army Group Vistula, an ad-hoc formation to defend Berlin from the Soviet armies advancing from the Vistula River.\nOn 21 April 1945, during the Battle for Berlin, Steiner was placed in command of Army Detachment Steiner, while Adolf Hitler ordered Steiner to envelop the 1st Belorussian Front through a pincer movement, advancing from the north of the city. However, as his unit was outnumbered by ten to one, Steiner made it clear that he did not have the capacity for a counter-attack on 22 April during the daily situation conference in the F\u00fchrerbunker.After the capitulation of Germany, Steiner was imprisoned and investigated for war crimes. He faced charges at the Nuremberg Trials, but they were dropped and he was released in 1948. Along with other former high-ranking Waffen-SS personnel, Steiner was a founding member of HIAG, a lobby group of negationistic apologists formed in 1951 to campaign for the legal, economic and historical rehabilitation of the Waffen-SS. He died in 1966.", "Q465059": "Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1i (Hanoi: [t\u02b0aj\u014b\u031f\u02e8\u02e9 t\u02b0a\u02d0j\u02e7\u02e6], H\u00e1n t\u1ef1: \u6210\u6cf0; 14 March 1879 \u2013 20 March 1954) born Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac B\u1eedu L\u00e2n (\u962e\u798f\u5bf6\u5d99), was the son of Emperor D\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c and Empress Dowager T\u1eeb Minh. He reigned as emperor for 18 years, from 1889 to 1907.", "Q152370": "B\u00e9la IV (1206 \u2013 3 May 1270) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258. As the oldest son of King Andrew II, he was crowned upon the initiative of a group of influential noblemen in his father's lifetime in 1214. His father, who strongly opposed B\u00e9la's coronation, refused to give him a province to rule until 1220. In this year, B\u00e9la was appointed Duke of Slavonia, also with jurisdiction in Croatia and Dalmatia. Around the same time, B\u00e9la married Maria, a daughter of Theodore I Laskaris, Emperor of Nicaea. From 1226, he governed Transylvania with the title Duke. He supported Christian missions among the pagan Cumans who dwelled in the plains to the east of his province. Some Cuman chieftains acknowledged his suzerainty and he adopted the title of King of Cumania in 1233. King Andrew died on 21 September 1235 and B\u00e9la succeeded him. He attempted to restore royal authority, which had diminished under his father. For this purpose, he revised his predecessors' land grants and reclaimed former royal estates, causing discontent among the noblemen and the prelates.\nThe Mongols invaded Hungary and annihilated B\u00e9la's army in the Battle of Mohi on 11 April 1241. He escaped from the battlefield, but a Mongol detachment chased him from town to town as far as Trogir on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Although he survived the invasion, the Mongols devastated the country before their unexpected withdrawal in March 1242. B\u00e9la introduced radical reforms in order to prepare his kingdom for a second Mongol invasion. He allowed the barons and the prelates to erect stone fortresses and to set up their private armed forces. He promoted the development of fortified towns. During his reign, thousands of colonists arrived from the Holy Roman Empire, Poland and other neighboring regions to settle in the depopulated lands. B\u00e9la's efforts to rebuild his devastated country won him the epithet of \"second founder of the state\" (Hungarian: m\u00e1sodik honalap\u00edt\u00f3).\nHe set up a defensive alliance against the Mongols, which included Daniil Romanovich, Prince of Halych, Boleslaw the Chaste, Duke of Cracow and other Ruthenian and Polish princes. His allies supported him in occupying the Duchy of Styria in 1254, but it was lost to King Ottokar II of Bohemia six years later. During B\u00e9la's reign, a wide buffer zone\u2014which included Bosnia, Barancs (Brani\u010devo, Serbia) and other newly conquered regions\u2014was established along the southern frontier of Hungary in the 1250s.\nB\u00e9la's relationship with his oldest son and heir, Stephen, became tense in the early 1260s, because the elderly king favored his daughter Anna and his youngest child, B\u00e9la, Duke of Slavonia. He was forced to cede the territories of the Kingdom of Hungary east of the river Danube to Stephen, which caused a civil war lasting until 1266. Nevertheless, B\u00e9la's family was famed for his piety: he died as a Franciscan tertiary, and the veneration of his three saintly daughters\u2014Kunigunda, Yolanda, and Margaret\u2014was confirmed by the Holy See.", "Q445389": "Ariane Sherine (born 3 July 1980) is a British musical stand-up comedian, comedy writer and journalist. She created the Atheist Bus Campaign, which ran in 13 countries during January 2009.\n\n", "Q77888": "Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand von Humboldt (, also US: , UK: , German: [\u02c8v\u026alh\u025blm f\u0254n \u02c8h\u028amb\u0254lt]; 22 June 1767 \u2013 8 April 1835) was a Prussian philosopher, linguist, government functionary, diplomat, and founder of the Humboldt University of Berlin, which was named after him in 1949 (and also after his younger brother, Alexander von Humboldt, a naturalist).\nHe is especially remembered as a linguist who made important contributions to the philosophy of language, ethnolinguistics and to the theory and practice of education. He made a major contribution to the development of liberalism by envisioning education as a means of realizing individual possibility rather than a way of drilling traditional ideas into youth to suit them for an already established occupation or social role. In particular, he was the architect of the Humboldtian education ideal, which was used from the beginning in Prussia as a model for its system of public education in the United States and Japan.", "Q190025": "The Federal Republic of Central America (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica Federal de Centroam\u00e9rica), also called the United Provinces of Central America (Provincias Unidas del Centro de Am\u00e9rica) in its first year of creation, was a sovereign state in Central America consisting of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala of New Spain. It existed from 1823 to 1841, and was a republican democracy.\nThe republic consisted of the present-day Central American countries of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, and the southern Mexican state of Chiapas. In the 1830s, a sixth state was added \u2013 Los Altos, with its capital in Quetzaltenango \u2013 occupying parts of what are now the western highlands of Guatemala and Chiapas.\nShortly after Central America declared independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, some of its countries were annexed by the First Mexican Empire in 1822 and then Central America formed the Federal Republic in 1823. From 1838 to 1840, the federation descended into civil war, with conservatives fighting against liberals and separatists fighting to secede. These factions were unable to overcome their ideological differences and the federation was dissolved after a series of bloody conflicts.", "Q122697": "Matthias Die\u00dfl (born December 6, 1975) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.", "Q2275750": "Cyril Pullin (18 August 1892 \u2013 23 April 1973) was a British inventor, engineer and motorcycle race driver. His inventions contributed to the rotary engine and the helicopter. His son was the pilot for the first successful British helicopter flight in 1938. Cyril Pullin died in 1973 aged 80.", "Q237222": "Blood Simple is a 1984 American neo-noir crime film written, edited, produced, and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. It was the directorial debut of the Coens and the first major film of cinematographer Barry Sonnenfeld, who later became a noted director, as well as the feature-film debut of Joel Coen's wife Frances McDormand, who subsequently starred in many of his features.\nThe film's title derives from the Dashiell Hammett novel Red Harvest (1929), in which the term \"blood simple\" describes the addled, fearful mindset of people after prolonged immersion in violent situations.In 2001, a director's cut was released, the same year that it was ranked number 98 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills.", "Q84900": "Karl-Heinz Grasser (born 2 January 1969) is a former Austrian politician (FP\u00d6 at first and later associated with but never officially a member of the \u00d6VP), who held the office of Austrian Minister of Finance from February 2000 to January 2007 as a member of the two subsequent governments of Wolfgang Sch\u00fcssel. While at the time praised by many for consolidating Austria's budget, he has since then been known for his alleged involvement in major corruption scandals. For some time, he was also some kind of a jet set person after marrying Fiona Swarovski, the heir of the Swarovski crystal manufacturers in Tyrol, Austria.", "Q432101": "F\u00e9lix F\u00e9n\u00e9on (22 June 1861 \u2013 29 February 1944) was a French anarchist and art critic during the late 19th century. He coined the term \"Neo-Impressionism\" in 1886 to identify a group of artists led by Georges Seurat, and ardently promoted them.\nThe F\u00e9n\u00e9on Prize was established in 1949 by his wife based on proceeds from the sale of his art collection.", "Q400825": "Georgi Aleksandrovich Yumatov (Russian: \u0413eop\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043be\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434po\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, IPA: [\u0261\u02b2\u026a\u02c8or\u0261\u02b2\u026aj j\u028a\u02c8mat\u0259f]; 11 March 1926 \u2013 6 October 1997) was a Soviet and Russian film actor. He appeared in 72 films between 1946 and 1994. He was a People\u2019s Artist of the RSFSR (1982).", "Q106709": "Patrice Leconte (French: [l\u0259k\u0254\u0303t]; born 12 November 1947) is a French film director, actor, comic strip writer, and screenwriter.", "Q460109": "Juan Mars\u00e9 Carb\u00f3 (born 8 January 1933 in Barcelona) is a Spanish novelist, journalist and screenwriter. In 2008 he was awarded the Cervantes Prize, \"the Spanish-language equivalent\" to the Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Q469893": "Hasmik Papian (Armenian: \u0540\u0561\u057d\u0574\u056b\u056f \u054a\u0561\u057a\u0575\u0561\u0576; born 2 September 1961) is an Armenian soprano. She was awarded the People's Artist of Armenia title in 2004. Papian was named a Cultural ambassador of Armenia in the World for her contributions to Armenian culture in 2005 by the Catholicos of the Holy See of St. Echmiadzin and All Armenians Karekin II and awarded the Order of Saint Sahag and Saint Mesrob and Order of Saint Mesrop Mashdots.\nShe has been described by The Washington Post as \"the best Norma alive.\"", "Q62513": "The Kautokeino Rebellion (Norwegian: Kautokeino-oppr\u00f8ret, Northern Sami: Guovdageainnu Stuimmit) is a 2008 film based on the true story of the Kautokeino riots in Kautokeino, Norway in 1852 in response to the Norwegian exploitation of the Sami community at that time. It is directed by Nils Gaup and was released in January, 2008. The Music to this film was mostly composed by Sami musician Mari Boine.\n\n", "Q193504": "Vincent Cassel (French pronunciation: [v\u025b\u0303s\u0251\u0303 kas\u025bl]; born Vincent Crochon, 23 November 1966) is a French actor. He first achieved recognition for his performance as a troubled French Jewish youth, in Mathieu Kassovitz's 1995 film La Haine (Hate), for which he received two C\u00e9sar Award nominations. He garnered wide recognition with English-speaking audiences for his performances in Ocean's Twelve (2004) and Ocean's Thirteen (2007), as well as Eastern Promises (2007), Black Swan (2010), and Jason Bourne (2016). Cassel is also renowned for playing the infamous French bank-robber Jacques Mesrine in Mesrine: Killer Instinct and Mesrine: Public Enemy Number One (both in 2008). He currently stars as Engerraund Serac in the HBO television series Westworld.\nThroughout his career, which spans more than three decades, Cassel has earned critical acclaim and numerous accolades, including a C\u00e9sar Award in 2009 and a Canadian Screen Award in 2016.", "Q23229": "Buckinghamshire (), abbreviated Bucks., is a ceremonial county and (smaller) unitary authority area of the same name in South East England which borders Greater London to the south east, Berkshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the west, Northamptonshire to the north, Bedfordshire to the north east and Hertfordshire to the east.\nBuckinghamshire is one of the home counties and towns such as High Wycombe, Amersham, Chesham and the Chalfonts in the east and southeast of the county are parts of the London commuter belt, forming some of the most densely populated parts of the county. Development in this region is restricted by the Metropolitan Green Belt. Other large settlements include the county town of Aylesbury, Marlow in the south near the Thames and Princes Risborough in the west near Oxford. Some areas without direct rail links to London, such as around the old county town of Buckingham and near Olney in the northeast, are much less populous. The largest town is Milton Keynes in the northeast, which with the surrounding area is administered as a unitary authority separately to the rest of Buckinghamshire. The remainder of the county is administered by Buckinghamshire Council as another unitary authority. In national elections, Buckinghamshire is considered a reliable supporter of the Conservative Party.\nA large part of the Chiltern Hills, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, runs through the south of the county and attracts many walkers and cyclists from London. In this area older buildings are often made from local flint and red brick. Many parts of the county are quite affluent and like many areas around London this has led to high housing costs: several reports have identified the market town of Beaconsfield as having among the highest property prices outside London. Chequers, a mansion estate owned by the government, is the country retreat of the incumbent Prime Minister. To the north of the county lies rolling countryside in the Vale of Aylesbury and around the Great Ouse. The Thames forms part of the county's southwestern boundary. Notable service amenities in the county are Pinewood Film Studios, Dorney rowing lake and part of Silverstone race track on the Northamptonshire border. Many national companies have head-offices or major centres in Milton Keynes. Heavy industry and quarrying is limited, with agriculture predominating after service industries.", "Q337578": "Jordan Galland (born 1980) is an American, New York City-based filmmaker, and musician. He has won a number of awards on the film festival circuit. He has also contributed his music to raise money and awareness of various charitable causes. Other entrepreneurial endeavors include Slush Puppy Music, a record label, as well as his own movie production company, Ravenous Films.", "Q25880": "Hannah More (2 February 1745 \u2013 7 September 1833) was an English religious writer and philanthropist, remembered as a poet and playwright in the circle of Johnson, Reynolds and Garrick, as a writer on moral and religious subjects, and as a practical philanthropist. Born in Bristol, she taught at a school established there by her father and began writing plays. She became involved with the London literary elite, and rose to be a leading Bluestocking member. Later her plays and poetry became more evangelical and she joined a group campaigning against the slave trade. In the 1790s she wrote several Cheap Repository Tracts on moral, religious and political topics, for distribution to the literate poor. Meanwhile, she increased her philanthropic work in the Mendip area, encouraged by William Wilberforce.\n\n", "Q864094": "Kenneth Binyavanga Wainaina (18 January 1971 \u2013 21 May 2019) was a Kenyan author, journalist and 2002 winner of the Caine Prize for African Writing. In April 2014, Time magazine included Wainaina in its annual TIME 100 as one of the \"Most Influential People in the World\".\n\n", "Q544915": "Louis-Antoine Ranvier (2 October 1835 \u2013 22 March 1922) was a French physician, pathologist, anatomist and histologist, who discovered the nodes of Ranvier, regularly spaced discontinuities of the myelin sheath, occurring at varying intervals along the length of a nerve fiber.", "Q1398834": "Michael Thomas Pinder (born 27 December 1941, in Erdington, Birmingham) is an English rock musician, and is a founding member and original keyboard player of the British rock group the Moody Blues. He left the group following the recording of the band's ninth album Octave in 1978. He is especially noted for his technological contribution to music.\nIn 2018, Pinder was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Moody Blues.", "Q2029901": "OHADA is a system of corporate law and implementing institutions adopted by seventeen West and Central African nations in 1993 in Port Louis, Mauritius. OHADA is the acronym for the French \"Organisation pour l'harmonisation en Afrique du droit des affaires\", which translates into English as \"Organisation for the Harmonisation of Corporate Law in Africa\".\nThe OHADA Treaty is made up today of 17 African states. Initially fourteen African countries signed the treaty, with two countries (Comoros and Guinea) subsequently adhering to the treaty and a third (the Democratic Republic of Congo) due to adhere shortly. The Treaty is open to all states, whether or not they are members of the Organisation of African Unity. OHADA was created with the objective of fostering economic development in West and Central Africa by creating a better investment climate so as to attract investment in a 225 million-consumer market.", "Q351825": "Sekouba \"Bambino\" is the stage name of Sekouba Diabat\u00e9, a singer and musician born in Guinea, West Africa, in 1964.Bambino was born and raised in the village of Kintinya, some 25 kilometers from the town of Siguiri, close to the border with Mali. He was born into a musical family, and is descended from a long line of griots, known in some Mande languages as jeli. His mother died when he was three years old, but left behind a legacy in the songs she had recorded which her son later heard on the radio. Her music became one of his main influences. Her death left Bambino with his father, who did not encourage his musical aspirations, hoping he would follow him working in his transport company, but from age eight, Bambino Diabat\u00e9 sang with local bands and began to achieve musical renown. When he was 16, then-President S\u00e9kou Tour\u00e9, (a music lover) who had heard him sing with local bands, insisted that he join Bembeya Jazz, Guinea's best-known musical group.\nThus, in 1983, at the age of 19, Diabat\u00e9 was asked to join Bembeya Jazz, Guinea's best-known musical group. He was given the nickname \"Bambino\" to distinguish him from one of the group's guitarists also named Sekou Diabat\u00e9 (a.k.a. Sekou \"Bembeya\" a.k.a. \"Diamond Fingers\"). With Bembeya Jazz, the young vocalist undertook his first tour of Africa in 1985 and toured Europe the following year.\nSekouba Bambino released his first solo recording in 1991, and throughout the 1990s continued to record solo material as well as to sing with the African salsa group Africando. His 1994 album Syli nationale (\"National Elephant\"), was a homage to the Guinea national football team. His music is popular throughout West Africa, particularly in Guinea, Mali, and other countries where the Bambara and Malinke languages are spoken. He has become renowned for his vocal prowess, and his voice compares favorably with that of any of his home region's best male singers. He is little known outside Africa, however, as he has consistently chosen to remain true to his West African fan base. His most recent album was released in 2004. His latest single was in 2008.In November 2015 Bambino was caught up in an attack by suspected Ansar al-Din operatives on the Radisson Blu hotel in Mali's capital, Bamako, but was able to escape. The BBC quoted him telling journalists:\nI woke up with the sounds of gunshots and for me, it was just small bandits who came in the hotel to claim something. After 20 or 30 minutes, I realized these are not just petty criminals.\n\n", "Q2092629": "The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences or Polish Academy of Learning (Polish: Polska Akademia Umiej\u0119tno\u015bci), headquartered in Krak\u00f3w and founded in 1872, is one of two institutions in contemporary Poland having the nature of an academy of sciences. It is co-owner of the Polish Library in Paris.", "Q80596": "Arthur Asher Miller (October 17, 1915 \u2013 February 10, 2005) was an American playwright, essayist, blacklisted writer and controversial figure in the twentieth-century American theater. Among his most popular plays are All My Sons (1947), Death of a Salesman (1949), The Crucible (1953) and A View from the Bridge (1955, revised 1956). He wrote several screenplays and was most noted for his work on The Misfits (1961). The drama Death of a Salesman has been numbered on the short list of finest American plays in the 20th century.\nMiller was often in the public eye, particularly during the late 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s. During this time, he was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for Drama, testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee and was married to Marilyn Monroe. In 1980, Miller received the St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates. He received the Prince of Asturias Award, the Praemium Imperiale prize in 2002 and the Jerusalem Prize in 2003, as well as the Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize in 1999.", "Q253798": "Astrid Coppens (born 25 January 1983) is a Flemish Belgian model, actress, television personality, creative director.", "Q221468": "Michael Stephen Portnoy (born April 20, 1967) is an American musician and songwriter who is the current drummer for The Neal Morse Band and supergroups Flying Colors, Transatlantic, The Winery Dogs, Metal Allegiance and Sons of Apollo. Portnoy is primarily known as the former drummer, backing vocalist, and a co-founder of the progressive metal band Dream Theater. In September 2010, Portnoy announced his departure from Dream Theater after 25 years, with Mike Mangini taking his place as drummer of the band. Since his departure, Portnoy has formed a variety of new bands and projects, including Adrenaline Mob, Flying Colors, The Winery Dogs, Sons of Apollo, Metal Allegiance, and BPMD.", "Q295873": "Edgar Dean \"Ed\" Mitchell (September 17, 1930 \u2013 February 4, 2016) was a United States Navy officer and aviator, test pilot, aeronautical engineer, ufologist and NASA astronaut. As the Lunar Module Pilot of Apollo 14, he spent nine hours working on the lunar surface in the Fra Mauro Highlands region, making him the sixth person to walk on the Moon. \nThe legacy of his post-NASA scientific and parapsychology work is carried on through the Institute of Noetic Sciences.", "Q60304": "Emma de Caunes (born 9 September 1976) is a French actress, the daughter of actor and director Antoine de Caunes.", "Q270141": "A polymath (Greek: \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c2, polymath\u0113s, \"having learned much\"; Latin: homo universalis, \"universal man\") is an individual whose knowledge spans a significant number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. The earliest recorded use of the term in English is from 1624, in the second edition of The Anatomy of Melancholy by Robert Burton; the form polymathist is slightly older, first appearing in the Diatribae upon the first part of the late History of Tithes of Richard Montagu in 1621. Use in English of the similar term polyhistor dates from the late sixteenth century.In Western Europe, the first work to use polymathy in its title (De Polymathia tractatio: integri operis de studiis veterum) was published in 1603 by Johann von Wowern (de), a Hamburg philosopher. Von Wowern defined polymathy as \"knowledge of various matters, drawn from all kinds of studies [...] ranging freely through all the fields of the disciplines, as far as the human mind, with unwearied industry, is able to pursue them\". Von Wowern lists erudition, literature, philology, philomathy and polyhistory as synonyms.\nPolymaths include the great thinkers of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, who excelled at several fields in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and the arts. In the Italian Renaissance, the idea of the polymath was expressed by Leon Battista Alberti (1404\u20131472) in the statement that \"a man can do all things if he will\".Embodying a basic tenet of Renaissance humanism that humans are limitless in their capacity for development, the concept led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible. This is expressed in the term Renaissance man, often applied to the gifted people of that age who sought to develop their abilities in all areas of accomplishment: intellectual, artistic, social, physical, and spiritual.", "Q70117": "Herman Friedrich Graebe or Gr\u00e4be, (June 19, 1900 \u2013 April 17, 1986) was a German manager and engineer in charge of a German building firm in Ukraine, who witnessed mass executions of the Jews of Dubno on October 5, 1942 by Nazis and in the ghetto of Rovno on 13 July 1942. Following the war he wrote a famous and horrifying testimony.\nGraebe gave the following eyewitness account:\n\nMy foreman and I went directly to the pits. Nobody bothered us. Now I heard rifle shots in quick succession from behind one of the earth mounds. The people who had got off the trucks - men, women and children of all ages - had to undress upon the order of an SS man who carried a riding or dog whip. They had to put down their clothes in fixed places, sorted according to shoes, top clothing and undergarments. I saw heaps of shoes of about 800 to 1000 pairs, great piles of under-linen and clothing. Without screaming or weeping these people undressed, stood around in family groups, kissed each other, said farewells, and waited for a sign from another SS man, who stood near the pit, also with a whip in his hand. During the fifteen minutes I stood near, I heard no complaint or plea for mercy. I watched a family of about eight persons, a man and a woman both of about fifty, with their children of about twenty to twenty-four, and two grown-up daughters about twenty-eight or twenty-nine. An old woman with snow white hair was holding a one-year-old child in her arms and singing to it and tickling it. The child was cooing with delight. The parents were looking on with tears in their eyes. The father was holding the hand of a boy about ten years old and speaking to him softly; the boy was fighting his tears. The father pointed to the sky, stroked his head and seemed to explain something to him. At that moment the SS man at the pit started shouting something to his comrade. The latter counted off about twenty persons and instructed them to go behind the earth mound. Among them was the family I have just mentioned. I well remember a girl, slim with black hair, who, as she passed me, pointed to herself and said, \"twenty-three years old.\" I walked around the mound and found myself confronted by a tremendous grave. People were closely wedged together and lying on top of each other so that only their heads were visible. Nearly all had blood running over their shoulders from their heads. Some of the people shot were still moving. Some were lifting their arms and turning their heads to show that they were still alive. The pit was nearly two-thirds full. I estimated that it already contained about a thousand people. I looked for the man who did the shooting. He was an SS man, who sat at the edge of the narrow end of the pit, his feet dangling into the pit. He had a tommy-gun on his knees and was smoking a cigarette. The people, completely naked, went down some steps which were cut in the clay wall of the pit and clambered over the heads of the people lying there to the place to which the SS man directed them. They lay down in front of the dead or wounded people; some caressed those who were still alive and spoke to them in a low voice. Then I heard a series of shots. I looked into the pit and saw that the bodies were twitching or the heads lying already motionless on top of the bodies that lay beneath them. Blood was running from their necks. The next batch was approaching already. They went down into the pit, lined themselves up against the previous victims and were shot.\n\nHe later provided vital testimony in the Einsatzgruppen Trial, one of the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials, invoking bitter persecution from many of his countrymen. To escape the hostility, Graebe moved his family to San Francisco in 1948, where he lived until his death in 1986. Hermann Graebe was honoured as a 'Righteous Among the Nations' by Yad Vashem. Another witness of the mass executions of October 1942 in Dubno was the German officer Axel von dem Bussche who, traumatised by what he had seen, in 1943 joined the German resistance around Claus von Stauffenberg and unsuccessfully tried to kill Adolf Hitler in a suicide attack in November 1943.", "Q229034": "Edith Falco (born July 5, 1963) is an American actress, best known for her roles as Diane Whittlesey in the HBO series Oz (1997\u20132000) and Carmela Soprano on the HBO series The Sopranos (1999\u20132007). For the latter, she received six Emmy nominations, winning three for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, as well as winning two Golden Globes and five Screen Actors Guild Awards.\nFalco portrayed Nurse Jackie Peyton on the Showtime series Nurse Jackie (2009\u20132015), earning a further six Emmy nominations and winning once for an Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy. In 2016, she played Sylvia Wittel on the web series Horace and Pete. In 2017, she portrayed defense attorney Leslie Abramson in the first season of the true crime anthology series Law & Order True Crime, for which she garnered her 14th Emmy nomination, this time for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie.\nFalco's film work includes lead roles in Laws of Gravity (1992), for which she was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead and Judy Berlin (1999), and supporting roles in films including Sunshine State (2002), Freedomland (2006), and The Comedian (2016). For her role in the 2011 Broadway revival of The House of Blue Leaves, she earned a nomination for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play.", "Q240082": "Seo Ju-hyun (born June 28, 1991), known professionally as Seohyun, is a South Korean singer and actress. She debuted as a member of girl group Girls' Generation (and later its subgroup Girls' Generation-TTS) in August 2007, which went on to become one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea's most popular girl groups worldwide. Apart from her group's activities, she has established herself as an actress, notably through her participation in the original and Korean versions of stage musicals including Moon Embracing the Sun, Gone with the Wind and Mamma Mia. She also played a supporting role in the television drama Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo (2016).\nIn 2017, Seohyun released her first extended play Don't Say No, making her the third Girls' Generation member to debut as a solo artist. Later the same year, although Seohyun remains as a member of Girls' Generation, she left SM Entertainment and joined Namoo Actors in 2019 to focus on her acting career.\n\n", "Q364646": "Donald Ross Getty, (August 30, 1933 \u2013 February 26, 2016) was a Canadian politician who served as the 11th Premier of Alberta between 1985 and 1992. A member of the Progressive Conservatives, he served as Energy Minister and Federal and Intergovernmental Affairs Minister in the government of Peter Lougheed before leaving politics for the private sector in 1979. He returned to politics six years later to contest the leadership contest resulting from Lougheed's retirement. He defeated two other candidates, and became Premier November 1, 1985.\nAs Premier, Getty was faced with an economic slowdown and falling energy prices, which hit Alberta's petroleum-dominated economy hard. Faced with mounting government deficits and increasing unemployment, he cut social spending and intervened with government money to prevent businesses from failing. Several of these interventions backfired in high-profile fashion, failing at their intended objective and costing scarce public funds as well. While some analysts argue that Getty's fiscal program laid the groundwork for Ralph Klein's later balancing of the provincial budget, on Getty's departure from office the government's debt had reached $11 billion, setting the stage for his successor to characterize the Getty years as an era of wasteful and excessive spending.\nHis efforts at strengthening Alberta's presence in Canada initially appeared more successful, as he won the agreement of Canada's other first ministers in including elements of Senate reform in the Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords, but these efforts came to naught when both accords were rejected\u2014the second by the Canadian public, including a majority of Albertans. Getty was also facing political problems within Alberta, including a defeat in his home riding of Edmonton-Whitemud in the 1989 election (leading to a successful by-election in Stettler, vacated by a P.C. MLA) and leadership machinations from some of his own ministers. In light of this, he resigned the Premiership in 1992.\nBefore entering politics, Getty had been a quarterback for the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League. He passed for more than eight thousand yards over his ten-year career, and was put on the team's Wall of Fame in 1992.", "Q2514863": "Deutsches Forschungsnetz (\"German Research Network\"), usually abbreviated to DFN, is the German national research and education network (NREN) used for academic and research purposes. It is managed by the scientific community organized in the voluntary Association to Promote a German Education and Research Network (Verein zur F\u00f6rderung eines Deutschen Forschungsnetzes e.V.) which was founded in 1984 by universities, non-university research institutions and research-oriented companies to stimulate computerized communication in Germany.\nDFN's \"super core\" backbone X-WiN network points of presence are based in Erlangen, Frankfurt, Hannover and Potsdam. These sites run Cisco CRS-1 routers and are interconnected with each other by two 10 Gigabit Ethernet connections.\nAll upstream connections (to networks such as G\u00c9ANT2 (in Frankfurt), DECIX) are 10G-based and are implemented at the super core. All other routers on the network are Cisco 7609-based and always linked to two other network routers.", "Q4381563": "Massachusetts College of Art and Design, branded as MassArt, is a public college of visual and applied art in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1873, it is one of the nation\u2019s oldest art schools, the only publicly funded free-standing art school in the United States, and was the first art college in the United States to grant an artistic degree. MassArt is a member of the Colleges of the Fenway (a resources- and facilities-sharing collegiate consortium located in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area of Boston), and the ProArts Consortium (an association of seven Boston-area colleges dedicated to the visual and performing arts).\nThis building is currently under consideration for Boston Landmark status by the Boston Landmarks Commission.", "Q902463": "Krzysztof \"Kris\" Matyjaszewski (Polish: [\u02c8k\u0282\u0268\u0282t\u0254f mat\u0268ja\u02c8\u0282\u025bfsk\u02b2i]; born April 8, 1950) is a Polish-American chemist. He is the J.C. Warner Professor of the Natural Sciences at the Carnegie Mellon University Matyjaszewski is best known for the discovery of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), a novel method of polymer synthesis that has revolutionized the way macromolecules are made. In 2011 he was a co-winner of the prestigious Wolf Prize in Chemistry.", "Q3974": "Landshut (German: [\u02c8lantshu\u02d0t]; Austro-Bavarian: Landshuad) is a town in Bavaria in the south-east of Germany. Situated on the banks of the River Isar, Landshut is the capital of Lower Bavaria, one of the seven administrative regions of the Free State of Bavaria. It is also the seat of the surrounding district, and has a population of more than 70,000. Landshut is the largest city in Lower Bavaria, followed by Passau and Straubing, and Eastern Bavaria's second biggest city.\nOwing to its characteristic coat of arms, the town is also often called \"City of the three Helmets\" (German: Dreihelmenstadt). Furthermore, the town is popularly known for the Landshuter Hochzeit (Landshut Wedding), a full-tilt medieval festival.\nDue to its proximity and easy access to Munich and the Franz Josef Strauss International Airport, Landshut became a powerful and future-oriented investment area. The town is one of the richest industrialized towns in Bavaria and has East Bavaria's lowest unemployment rate.", "Q4208435": "Charlie Cheever (born August 2, 1981) is the co-founder, along with Adam D'Angelo, of Quora, an online knowledge market. He was formerly an engineer and manager at Facebook, where he oversaw the creation of Facebook Connect and the Facebook Platform. Prior to Facebook, Cheever was employed by Amazon.com in Seattle. He left Facebook to start Quora in June 2009. He stepped down from active management of Quora in September 2012 but remains an advisor. In 2016 it was announced that he is working as the CEO of Expo.io (formally known as Exponent), a startup company that is a, \"translation machine for mobile app code\".Cheever is from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and is a graduate of Harvard College, B.A. in Computer Science. He is a member of the Fly Club.\n\n", "Q432129": "Abraham Viktor Rydberg (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0251\u0302\u02d0braham \u02c8v\u026a\u030ck\u02d0t\u0254r \u02c8r\u0177\u02d0db\u00e6rj]; 18 December 1828 \u2013 21 September 1895) was a Swedish writer and a member of the Swedish Academy, 1877\u20131895. \"Primarily a classical idealist\", Viktor Rydberg has been described as \"Sweden's last Romantic\" and by 1859 was \"generally regarded in the first rank of Swedish novelists.\"", "Q30533": "The D\u00f4me de Rochefort (Italian: D\u00f4me de Rochefort) (4,015 m) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in Haute-Savoie, France and of Aosta Valley, Italy.", "Q198451": "Saving Silverman is a 2001 American comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan and starring Jason Biggs, Steve Zahn, Jack Black and Amanda Peet. Neil Diamond has a cameo role playing himself. In the film, Darren Silverman's longtime friends try to save him from marrying his controlling new girlfriend, whose behavior threatens the friends, their band, and Darren's chance at happiness with his lifelong true love.\nThe movie was remade in Telugu language as Thotti Gang in 2002 and Hindi language as De Taali in 2008.", "Q582826": "Fernando \"Nando\" Seler Parrado Dolgay (born 9 December 1949) is one of the sixteen Uruguayan survivors of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571, which crashed in the Andes mountains on 13 October 1972. After spending two months trapped in the mountains with the other crash survivors, he, along with Roberto Canessa, climbed through the Andes mountains over a 10-day period to find help. His efforts, supported in various ways by the entire group, have been recognized through books and other media. He was portrayed by Ethan Hawke in the 1993 feature film Alive: Miracle in The Andes.", "Q220010": "Glen Hansard (born 21 April 1970) is an Irish songwriter, actor, vocalist and guitarist for the Irish group The Frames, and one half of folk rock duo The Swell Season. He is also known for his acting, having appeared in the BAFTA-winning film The Commitments, as well as starring in the film Once, which earned him a number of major awards, including the Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Falling Slowly\", with co-writer and co-star Mark\u00e9ta Irglov\u00e1.", "Q271539": "Michelle Jacqueline Krusiec (born Ya-Huei Yang; Chinese: \u694a\u96c5\u6167; pinyin: Y\u00e1ng Y\u01cehu\u00ec; October 2, 1974) is a Taiwanese American actress, writer and producer.", "Q5836034": "Stanford University School of Engineering is one of the schools of Stanford University. The current dean is Jennifer Widom, the former senior associate dean of faculty affairs and computer science chair. She is the school's 10th dean.", "Q230203": "Amy Meredith Poehler (; born September 16, 1971) is an American actress, comedian, writer, producer, and director. After studying improv at Chicago's Second City and ImprovOlympic in the early 1990s, she co-founded the improvisational-comedy troupe Upright Citizens Brigade. The group moved to New York City in 1996 where their act became a half-hour sketch comedy series on Comedy Central in 1998. Along with other members of the comedy group, Poehler is a founder of the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre. In 2001 she joined the cast of the NBC television series Saturday Night Live. She became co-anchor of SNL's Weekend Update in 2004 until she left the series in 2008 to star as Leslie Knope in the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation. She has also performed voice acting roles including the lead role in Inside Out, as well as parts in Shrek the Third, and Horton Hears a Who!. Poehler is an executive producer on the televisions series Welcome to Sweden, Broad City, Difficult People, Duncanville, Three Busy Debras, and Russian Doll.\nIn December 2015, Poehler received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions to television. She won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Television Musical or Comedy Series in 2014 and a Critics' Choice Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series in 2012. She and Tina Fey both won the 2016 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for co-hosting Saturday Night Live.", "Q69320": "Curt Goetz (17 November 1888 \u2013 12 September 1960), born Kurt Walter G\u00f6tz, was a Swiss German writer, actor and film director. Curt Goetz was regarded as one of the most brilliant comedy writers of his time in the German-speaking world. Together with his wife Val\u00e9rie von Martens he acted in his own plays and also filmed them. He was a distant relative of the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw, with whom he was often compared.", "Q16166301": "\"Rise of the Turtles\" is the 2-part series premiere of the 2012 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles animated series. Both parts aired on Nickelodeon on September 29, 2012.The Turtles rise to the surface for the first time since being mutated, and witness the Kraang, a race of brain-like aliens with robotic bodies, capturing April O'Neil and her father, Kirby. The Turtles attempt to rescue the O'Neils while learning that the strange green ooze possessed by the Kraang could hold many secrets relating to their mutations.", "Q689713": "Guglielmo Ferrero (Italian pronunciation: [\u0261u\u028e\u02c8\u028e\u025blmo fer\u02c8r\u025b\u02d0ro]; July 21, 1871 \u2014 August 3, 1942) was an Italian historian, journalist and novelist, author of the Greatness and Decline of Rome (5 volumes, published after English translation 1907\u20131909). Ferrero devoted his writings to classical liberalism and he opposed any kind of dictatorship and unlimited government. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature twenty times in six years.", "Q256186": "Laura Allen (born March 21, 1974) is an American actress. She starred as Lily Tyler during the first two seasons of the USA Network show The 4400.", "Q66013": "G\u0142og\u00f3w [\u02c8\u0261w\u0254\u0261uf] (listen) (German: Glogau, rarely Gro\u00df-Glogau, Czech: Hlohov) is a town in southwestern Poland. It is the county seat of G\u0142og\u00f3w County, in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (since 1999), and was previously in Legnica Voivodeship (1975\u20131998). G\u0142og\u00f3w is the sixth largest town in the Voivodeship; according to the 2004 census estimate the town had a total population of 71,686. The name of the town derives from g\u0142\u00f3g, the Polish name for hawthorn.\nAmong the oldest towns in Poland, G\u0142og\u00f3w was founded in the 10th century as a Piast defensive settlement and obtained city rights in the 13th century from Duke Konrad I. Due to the town's strategic location on several trade routes, the townspeople received many privileges and benefits, which brought wealth and greatly reflected on the city's architecture. Over time, G\u0142og\u00f3w grew to be one of the largest fortified towns in Lower Silesia. The demolition of fortifications at the beginning of the 20th century improved the chances for further growth. However, towards the end of the Second World War G\u0142og\u00f3w was once again turned into a defensive fortress and as such suffered almost complete destruction.Currently reconstruction works are being carried out with the aim of restoring the historic pre-war appearance of the town. The castle, which was rebuilt between 1971 and 1983, now houses the Historical and Archaeological Museum. Since 1984 the town also has been the venue for the G\u0142og\u00f3w Jazz Festival, which features local and international singers, musicians and performers.", "Q70671": "Romainm\u00f4tier-Envy is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois.\nThe village, which lies on the Nozon river, has about 450 inhabitants. The town has a notable Romanesque church. The monastery of Romainm\u00f4tier (Romanum monasterium) was founded by Romanus of Condat, a leader of monks, after whom it was named.The municipality was created in 1970 by a merger of Romainm\u00f4tier and Envy.", "Q4312479": "Igor Vladimirovich Nak (born on 6 August 1963, Moscow) is a Russian government and political figure, head of the United Russia faction in the State Duma for the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, head of the Council of the Deputy Faction, Chairman of the Coordinating Committee of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs in the Ural Federal District, deputy of the Tyumen Regional Duma for the single electoral district from the United Russia political party, entrepreneur, general director of Yamaltransstroy JSC, Kandidat of Technical Sciences, and Honorary Transport Engineer of Russia.", "Q104678": "Bodo Ramelow (German pronunciation: [\u02c8bo\u02d0do\u02d0 \u02c8\u0281am\u0259lo\u02d0]; born 16 February 1956) is a German politician, who since the 4 March 2020 is serving as Minister President of Thuringia, an office he previously held from 2014 to February 2020. He is the first head of a german state government to serve non-consecutive terms in office since Eberhard Diepgen, who served two times as Governing Mayor of Berlin (1984\u20131989 and 1991\u20132001). A member of the The Left, he previously chaired the party's group in the Landtag of Thuringia.", "Q60462": "Volker Weidler (born 18 March 1962 in Heidelberg) is a former racing driver from Germany, best known for winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1991.", "Q428617": "The Devil's Eye (Swedish: Dj\u00e4vulens \u00f6ga) is a 1960 Swedish fantasy-comedy film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman.", "Q1805": "Balbinus (Latin: Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus Pius Augustus; died 29 July 238), was Roman Emperor with Pupienus for three months in 238, the Year of the Six Emperors.", "Q505949": "Arturo Uslar Pietri (16 May 1906 in Caracas \u2013 26 February 2001) was a Venezuelan intellectual, historian, writer, television producer and politician.", "Q1399294": "Fearless Records is an independent record label that was founded in 1994. Fearless is based in Culver City, California, and are best known for their early pop punk moments captured in the Fearless Flush Sampler and Punk Bites releases, as well as additional releases by bands such as Bigwig and Dynamite Boy, and later Sugarcult, Plain White T's, The Aquabats, Amely and post-hardcore releases by At the Drive-In and Anatomy of a Ghost. However, the label has experimented with different styles in recent years. Acts like Blessthefall, The Word Alive, Ice Nine Kills, Mayday Parade, Pierce The Veil, and The Color Morale have showcased post-hardcore, metalcore and alternative rock bands that have emerged in recent years. Fearless Records' releases are currently distributed nationwide by RED Distribution, but after Concord Music Group take-over, they will be distributed by Universal Music Group.\nThe label was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music in May 2015.", "Q64604": "Gonten District is a district of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q370155": "David Roger Johansen (sometimes spelled David Jo Hansen; born January 9, 1950) is an American singer, songwriter and actor. He is best known as a member of the seminal proto-punk band the New York Dolls. He is also known for his work under the pseudonym Buster Poindexter.", "Q232414": "Lisa Michelle Bonet (born November 16, 1967) is an American actress and activist. Bonet played Denise Huxtable on the NBC sitcom The Cosby Show, which originally aired from 1984 to 1992, and starred in its spinoff comedy, A Different World, for its first season (1987\u20131988).", "Q1851558": "Richard Lower (1631 \u2013 17 January 1691) was an English physician who heavily influenced the development of medical science: He is most remembered for his works on transfusion and the function of the cardiopulmonary system (Tractatus de Corde).", "Q22889": "Bath is the largest city in the county of Somerset, England, known for and named after its Roman-built baths. In 2011, the population was 88,859. Bath is in the valley of the River Avon, 97 miles (156 km) west of London and 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Bristol. The city became a World Heritage site in 1987.\nThe city became a spa with the Latin name Aquae Sulis (\"the waters of Sul\") c. 60 AD when the Romans built baths and a temple in the valley of the River Avon, although hot springs were known even before then.\nBath Abbey was founded in the 7th century and became a religious centre; the building was rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries. In the 17th century, claims were made for the curative properties of water from the springs, and Bath became popular as a spa town in the Georgian era. Georgian architecture, crafted from Bath stone, includes the Royal Crescent, Circus, Pump Room and Assembly Rooms where Beau Nash presided over the city's social life from 1705 until his death in 1761. \nMany of the streets and squares were laid out by John Wood, the Elder, and in the 18th century the city became fashionable and the population grew. Jane Austen lived in Bath in the early 19th century. Further building was undertaken in the 19th century and following the Bath Blitz in World War II.\nThe city has software, publishing and service-oriented industries. Theatres, museums and other cultural and sporting venues have helped make it a major centre for tourism, with more than one million staying visitors and 3.8 million day visitors to the city each year.\nThere are several museums including the Museum of Bath Architecture, the Victoria Art Gallery, the Museum of East Asian Art, the Herschel Museum of Astronomy, Fashion Museum, and the Holburne Museum. The city has two universities \u2013 the University of Bath and Bath Spa University \u2013 with Bath College providing further education. Sporting clubs include Bath Rugby and Bath City F.C..\nBath became part of the county of Avon in 1974, and, following Avon's abolition in 1996, has been the principal centre of Bath and North East Somerset.\n\n", "Q75709": "G\u00fcnter Mittag (8 October 1926 \u2013 18 March 1994) was a German member of parliament, secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), and a central figure in the East German planned economy.", "Q65046928": "Abu Tahir al-Sa'igh (Arabic: \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u063a\u200e, \"Abu Tahir the Goldsmith\"), recorded as Botherus in Christian sources, was a Persian goldsmith and the chief Nizari Isma'ili da'i of Syria, belonging to the order of Assassins.\nAbu Tahir was the second Nizari da'i in Syria sent by Hassan-i Sabbah, replacing al-Hakim al-Munajjim, and enjoying alliance with Ridwan. He kept using the Nizari base in Aleppo, while continuing the Nizari strategy of seizing strongholds in pro-Isma'ili areas, focusing on the Jabal al-Summaq highlands located between the Orontes River and Aleppo. At this time, the authority over the upper Orontes valley was shared between Janah al-Dawlah of Homs, Munqidhites of Shaizar, and Khalaf ibn Mula'ib, the Fatimid governor of Apamea based in its citadel Qal'at al-Mudhiq. Janah al-Dawlah had been murdered in 1103 by al-Hakim al-Munajjim, and Khalaf ibn Mula'ib three years later. Khalaf ibn Mula'ib was probably a Musta'li Isma'ili that refused to cooperate with the Nizari Isma'ilis under Abu Tahir, was murdered in February 1106 with the help of Abu'l Fath of Sarmin, an Ismaili da'i. Abu Tahir and Abu'l Fath subsequently captured Qal'at al-Mudhiq and Apamea by an \"ingenious\" plan. Tancred, the Frankish regent of the Principality of Antioch besieged Apamea, but was unsuccessful. A few months later he besieged the city again with the help of Mu'ab ibn Mula'ib, brother of the murdered Khalaf, and captured Apamea in September 1106. Abu'l Fath was executed, while Abu Tahir ransomed himself and went to Aleppo.In 1111, an abortive assassination attempt against Abu Harb Isa ibn Zayd, a wealthy Aleppine Persian, caused a general public resentment of the Nizari Ismailis in Aleppo. Ridwan nevertheless provided support for the Nizaris. Ridwan died in 1113 and the Nizaris of Aleppo were deprived of this important ally. During the short reign of his young son Alp Arslan al-Akhras, the Nizaris captured another fortress on the Aleppo\u2013Baghdad road. During his anti-Nizari campaign, the Seljuq sultan Muhammad I Tapar sent Sa'd ibn Badi, the rais of Aleppo, to turn Alp Arslan against the Nizaris. Abu Tahir and many other Nizaris in Aleppo were subsequently executed and others dispersed or went underground.Abu Tahir was succeeded by Bahram al-Da'i.\n\n", "Q1026804": "California College of the Arts (CCA) is an art, design, architecture, and writing school with two campuses in California, one in San Francisco and one in Oakland. Founded in 1907, it enrolls approximately 1,500 undergraduates and 500 graduate students.", "Q580943": "Nitzer Ebb () are a British EBM group formed in 1982 by Essex school friends Vaughan \"Bon\" Harris (programming, synthesizers, drums, vocals), Douglas McCarthy (vocals), and David Gooday (drums).", "Q1342484": "The Robert College of Istanbul (Turkish: \u0130stanbul \u00d6zel Amerikan Robert Lisesi or Robert Kolej, often abbreviated to RC) is an independent high school in Turkey. The co-educational boarding school is situated in a 65-acre (26 ha) wooded campus on the European side of Istanbul in the Be\u015fikta\u015f district, with the historic Arnavutk\u00f6y neighborhood to the east, and the upscale Ulus neighborhood to the west.\nThe 154-year-old institution is arguably the oldest American school still in existence in its original location outside the United States. Robert College is accredited by the New York State Association of Independent Schools.\nRobert College has a long list of notable alumni, including entrepreneurs, politicians, journalists, artists, two Turkish Prime Ministers, two Bulgarian Prime Ministers, three members of the Turkish cabinet, and one Nobel Prize recipient, Orhan Pamuk. The school is a member of the G20 Schools group.\n\n", "Q3540869": "Ahmet Mete I\u015f\u0131kara (22 October 1941 \u2013 21 January 2013) was a Turkish geophysicist and earthquake scientist, well known for his efforts to create public awareness of the need for protection and safety during earthquakes.", "Q254785": "Robert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 \u2013 August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs.", "Q438410": "Mihalis Exarchos (Greek: \u039c\u03b9\u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u0388\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2) (born 1978 in Piraeus, Greece), known professionally by his stage name Stereo Mike, is a Greek hip hop artist. He is the first MTV EMA Award winner in the \"Best Greek Act\" category. Stereo Mike represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 alongside singer Loucas Yiorkas with the song \"Watch My Dance\", placing seventh with 120 points.", "Q35339": "World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc., d/b/a WWE, is an American integrated media and entertainment company that is primarily known for professional wrestling. WWE has also branched out into other fields, including movies, football, and various other business ventures.\nThe WWE name also refers to the professional wrestling promotion itself, founded in the 1950s as the Capitol Wrestling Corporation. It is the largest wrestling promotion in the world, holding over 500 events a year, with the roster divided up into various globally traveling brands, and is available to about 36 million viewers in more than 150 countries. The company's global headquarters is located in Stamford, Connecticut, about 30 miles from New York City, with offices in major cities around the world.As in other professional wrestling promotions, WWE shows are not legitimate contests, but purely entertainment-based performance theater, featuring storyline-driven, scripted, and choreographed matches, though matches often include moves that can put performers at risk of injury, even death, if not performed correctly. This was first publicly acknowledged by WWE's owner Vince McMahon in 1989 to avoid taxes from athletic commissions. Since the 1980s, WWE publicly has branded its product as sports entertainment, acknowledging the product's roots in competitive sport and dramatic theater.\nThe company's majority owner is its chairman and CEO, Vince McMahon, who retains a 42% ownership of the company's outstanding stock and 70.5% of the voting power.The current entity, incorporated on February 21, 1980, was previously known as Titan Sports, Inc., which was founded that same year in South Yarmouth, Massachusetts. It acquired Capitol Wrestling Corporation Ltd., the holding company for the World Wrestling Federation, in 1982.\nTitan was renamed World Wrestling Federation, Inc. in 1998, then World Wrestling Federation Entertainment, Inc. in 1999, and finally the current World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. in 2002. Since 2011, the company has officially branded itself solely as WWE though the company's legal name was not changed.\n\n", "Q232400": "H\u00e9l\u00e8ne \"Hella\" Serafia Haasse (2 February 1918 \u2013 29 September 2011) was a Dutch writer, often referred to as \"the Grand Old Lady\" of Dutch literature, and whose novel Oeroeg (1948) was a staple for generations of Dutch schoolchildren. Her internationally acclaimed magnum opus is Heren van de Thee, translated to The Tea Lords. In 1988 Haasse was chosen to interview the Dutch Queen for her 50th birthday after which celebrated Dutch author Adriaan van Dis called Haasse \"the Queen among authors\".Haasse has the first Dutch digital online museum dedicated to the life and work of an author. The museum was opened in 2008 on her 90th birthday.Haasse has an asteroid named after her.", "Q780737": "Austen Kark CBE (20 October 1926 \u2013 10 May 2002) was a managing director of the BBC World Service. He was one of three former holders of that post, along with Gerard Mansell and John Tusa, to oppose the plans of John Birt to merge the service into the BBC. After Birt became director general of the BBC in 1992, he had planned to end the service's independent status at Bush House in central London, and absorb it within the rest of the corporation.\nKark led a varied career before his tenure with the BBC. He was the son of a London army major who became a publisher. He attended Upper Canada College in Toronto, the Nautical College in Pangbourne, the Royal Naval College, and Magdalen College, Oxford. He became a Royal Navy midshipman in 1944, serving two years with the East Indies fleet, aboard HMS Nelson and HMS London.\nIn 1948 at Oxford, Kark directed the first production of Jean-Paul Sartre's The Flies. He later joined his family's magazine business, Norman Kark Publications. One of its magazines was the glossy literary magazine Courier. Kark married Margaret Schmahmann in 1949; they had two daughters. The couple divorced in 1954. Kark married novelist Nina Bawden the same year and became stepfather to her two sons. They had one daughter. He became a BBC reporter in 1954 and became head of the South European service at Bush House in 1964. His experiences in South Europe fuelled his interest in the region, particularly Greece; he would later write guidebooks about the country.\nKark moved to the East European and Russian service in 1972. The following year he became Editor of the World Service. He advised the last governor of Rhodesia, Lord Soames, on broadcasting the 1979 election in that country.\nHe became controller of engineering services in 1974. In 1980, he chaired the Harare government report on radio and television in Zimbabwe under Robert Mugabe. In 1981 he began a two-year tenure as Deputy Managing Director of External Broadcasting. He was promoted to Managing Director in 1984, exactly 30 years after he joined the BBC.\nKark was the man-in-the-middle of another great BBC controversy \u2013 the launching of the BBC World television service to complement its radio counterpart. The idea was first mooted by Kark's predecessor, Douglas Muggeridge \u2013 the nephew of the broadcaster Malcolm Muggeridge. Kark retired in 1986.\nKark was a man of broad interests, especially involving southern Europe and the Commonwealth. He became a trustee of the Commonwealth Journalists' Association in 1993. In retirement, he wrote Attic in Greece (1994), and The Forwarding Agent (1999), a spy thriller set in the Middle East that was praised by the crime writer PD James, an old friend. Most of his book was written at his home in Nauplion, a small town in the Peloponnese, where he and his wife Bawden spent much of their time. In London, the couple lived in Islington, in a house backing on to the Grand Union Canal. His hobbies included real tennis, travelling and studying mosaics. He was a member of the Oriental Club and MCC, and was appointed CBE in 1987.\nAusten Kark died at the age of 75 in the Potters Bar rail crash, in which his wife was severely injured.", "Q370141": "Jessica Rey (born October 15, 1982) is an American actress and designer. She is perhaps best known for her role as Alyssa Enril\u00e9/White Wild Force Ranger in the TV series Power Rangers Wild Force. She is also the founder and CEO of Rey Swimwear.", "Q101714": "Anita Tack (born April 4, 1951 in Dresden) is a German politician who is a member of Die Linke. From 2009 to 2014, she was the Minister of the Environment, Health, and Consumer Protection for the state of Brandenburg. Since 1994, she has been a member of the Landtag of Brandenburg.", "Q116268": "Johannes Aal (c. 1500 \u2013 28 May 1553) was a Swiss Roman Catholic theologian, composer and dramaturg.\nAal was born in Bremgarten, Switzerland, and was pastor there until 1529, then Leutpriester in Baden until 1536. At the collegiate church of Solothurn, he became preacher and choir leader in 1538. From 1544 to 1551, he was provost of the college of canons, where he died.\nHe is the author of the tragedy Johannes der T\u00e4ufer (St. John Baptist), first performed in 1549 in Bern. The piece is a folk play in two days with four acts each. It includes burlesques, romantic scenes and satirical elements. Its satire derides all classes and the court as well as curiosity, passion for finery, loquacity and the art of seduction of women.\nAs a musician, he composed a tune in 16 verses on Saint Maurice and Saint Ursus of Solothurn.", "Q234071": "Pamela E. Ferris (born 11 May 1948) is a Welsh actress. She starred on television as Ma Larkin in The Darling Buds of May, as Laura Thyme in Rosemary & Thyme, Peggy Snow in Where the Heart Is and as Sister Evangelina in Call the Midwife. She has also played parts in family films based on works by British authors, such as Ms. Trunchbull in Matilda and Aunt Marge in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004). She played the role of Mrs. Faulker in the 2019 biopic Tolkien. She also played the role of Mrs. Bevan in Nativity! (2009).", "Q752671": "Lake Forest is a city in Orange County, California. The population was 77,264 at the 2010 census.\nLake Forest incorporated as a city on December 20, 1991. Prior to incorporation, the community had been known as El Toro. Following a vote in 2000, Lake Forest expanded its city limits to include the master-planned developments of Foothill Ranch and Portola Hills. This expansion brought new homes and commercial centers to the northeastern boundary of the city.\nLake Forest has two lakes from which the city gets its name. The lakes are man-made, and condominiums and custom homes ranging from large to small line their shores. Neighborhood associations manage the lakes (Lake 1, known as the Lake Forest Beach and Tennis Club, and Lake 2, the Sun and Sail Club.) Each facility features tennis courts, gyms, basketball courts, barbecue pits, volleyball courts, multiple swimming pools, saunas, hot tubs and club houses for social events.\nThe \"forest\" for which the city is also named lies in the area between Ridge Route, Jeronimo, Lake Forest and Serrano roads, and consists mostly of Eucalyptus trees. It is also man-made, and was created in the first decade of the 1900s when a local landowner, Dwight Whiting, planted 400 acres (1.6 km2) of Eucalyptus groves in the vicinity of Serrano Creek as part of a lumber operation intended to draw development to the area. In the late 1960s, the Occidental Petroleum company developed a residential community in and around the Eucalyptus groves, which had long since expanded and grown much more dense.\n\n", "Q62261": "Th\u00e9odolinde de Beauharnais, Princess of Leuchtenberg (13 April 1814 \u2013 1 April 1857), Countess of W\u00fcrttemberg by marriage, was a Franco-German princess. She was a granddaughter of Jos\u00e9phine de Beauharnais, Napoleon's first wife.\n\n", "Q13498": "Taranto (, also US: , Italian: [\u02c8ta\u02d0ranto] (listen); Tarantino: Tarde) is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto and is an important commercial port as well as the main Italian naval base.Taranto was founded by the Spartans in the 8th century BC. During the period of Greek colonization on the coasts of Southern Italy, the city was among the most important in Magna Graecia and it became a cultural, economic and military power, which gave birth to philosophers, strategists, writers and athletes, such as Archytas, Aristoxenus, Livius Andronicus, Heracleides, Iccus, Cleinias, Leonidas, Lysis, and Sosibius. The seven-year rule of Archytas marked the apex of Taranto's development and the recognition of its hegemony over the other Greek colonies of southern Italy.\nDuring the Norman period, it became the capital of the Principality of Taranto, which covered almost all of the heel of Apulia.\nFrom the name of the city derives that of the species Lycosa tarantula, which originated the terms tarantella, tarantism and tarantula. Taranto is also known for the large population of dolphins and other cetaceans that historically live near the Cheradi Islands, located in front of the city.\nIt is the third-largest continental city in southern Italy and an important commercial and military port with well-developed steel and iron foundries, oil refineries, chemical works, naval shipyards, and food-processing factories.\nAround 500 BC the city was one of the largest in the world with population estimates up to 300,000 people.", "Q88860": "Silke Bodenbender (born 31 January 1974 in Bonn) is a German actress.", "Q559950": "Eusebio Ayala (August 14, 1875 \u2013 June 4, 1942) was an intellectual and statesman, and President of Paraguay from 7 November 1921 to 12 April 1923 and again from 15 August 1932 to 17 February 1936. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He was overthrown by Rafael Franco.", "Q3087119": "Frederick Ingersoll (1876 \u2013 October 23, 1927) was an American inventor, designer, builder and entrepreneur who created the world's first chain of amusement parks (known collectively as \"Luna Parks\" regardless of their actual name) and whose manufacturing company built 277 roller coasters, fueling the popularity of trolley parks in the first third of the twentieth century. Some of these parks and roller coasters are still existing today.", "Q720581": "Paul Reubens (; n\u00e9 Rubenfeld; born August 27, 1952) is an American actor, writer, film producer, game show host, and comedian, best known for his character Pee-wee Herman. Reubens joined the Los Angeles troupe The Groundlings in the 1970s, and started his career as an improvisational comedian and stage actor. In 1982, Reubens began appearing in a show about a character he had been developing for years. The show was called The Pee-wee Herman Show, and ran for five sold-out months; HBO also produced a successful special about it. Pee-wee became an instant cult figure and, for the next decade, Reubens was completely committed to his character, doing all of his public appearances and interviews as Pee-wee. His feature film, Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985), directed by the then-unknown Tim Burton, was a financial and critical success, and soon developed into a cult film. Its sequel, Big Top Pee-wee (1988), was less successful. Between 1986 and 1990, Reubens starred as Pee-wee in the CBS Saturday-morning children's program Pee-wee's Playhouse.\nThereafter, Reubens decided to take a sabbatical from Pee-wee. In July 1991, Reubens was arrested for indecent exposure in an adult theater in Sarasota, Florida. The arrest set off a chain reaction of national media attention that changed the general public's view of Reubens and Pee-wee. The arrest postponed Reubens' involvement in major projects until 1999, when he appeared in several big-budget projects including Mystery Men and Blow, and Reubens started giving interviews as himself rather than as Pee-wee.\nSince 2006, Reubens has been making cameos and guest appearances in numerous projects, such as Reno 911!, 30 Rock, Dirt, Pushing Daisies, and The Blacklist. Since the 1990s, he has worked on two possible Pee-wee films: one dark and adult, dubbed The Pee-wee Herman Story, the other a family-friendly epic adventure called Pee-wee's Playhouse: The Movie. In 2010, Reubens starred on Broadway in The Pee-wee Herman Show.\nIn 2016, Reubens helped write and starred in the Netflix original film Pee-wee's Big Holiday, reprising his role as Pee-wee Herman.", "Q1138384": "The University of Mississippi (colloquially known as Ole Miss) is a public research university in Oxford, Mississippi. Including the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, it is the state's largest university by enrollment and is the state\u2019s flagship university. The university was chartered by the Mississippi Legislature on February 24, 1844, and four years later admitted its first enrollment of 80 students. The university is classified as an \"R1: Doctoral University\u2014Very High Research Activity\" by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education and has an annual research and development budget of $121.6 million.Across all its campuses, the university comprises some 23,258 students. In addition to the main campus in Oxford and the medical school in Jackson, the university also has campuses in Tupelo, Booneville, Grenada, and Southaven, as well as an accredited online high school. About 55 percent of its undergraduates and 60 percent overall come from Mississippi, and 23 percent are minorities; international students respectively represent 90 different nations. It is one of the 33 colleges and universities participating in the National Sea Grant Program and a participant in the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program.Ole Miss was a center of activity during the American civil rights movement when a race riot erupted in 1962 following the attempted admission of James Meredith, an African-American, to the segregated campus. While the university was integrated that year, the use of Confederate symbols and motifs has remained a controversial aspect of the school's identity and culture. In response the university has taken measures to rebrand its image, including effectively banning the display of Confederate flags in Vaught-Hemingway Stadium in 1997, officially abandoning the Colonel Reb mascot in 2003, and removing \"Dixie\" from the Pride of the South marching band's repertoire in 2016. In 2018, following a racially charged rant on social media by an alumnus and academic building namesake, former Chancellor Jeffrey Vitter reaffirmed the university's commitment to \"honest and open dialogue about its history\", and in making its campuses \"more welcoming and inclusive\".\n\n", "Q455818": "Duane Eddy (born April 26, 1938) is an American guitarist. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, he had a string of hit records produced by Lee Hazlewood, which were noted for their characteristically \"twangy\" sound, including \"Rebel-'Rouser\", \"Peter Gunn\", and \"Because They're Young\". He had sold 12 million records by 1963.He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994, and the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2008.", "Q115761": "Bronis\u0142aw Baczko (June 13, 1924 \u2013 August 29, 2016) was a Polish philosopher and historian of ideas. Together with Leszek Ko\u0142akowski, he was a leading figure in the Warsaw School of the history of ideas in the late 1950s and 1960s.", "Q70665": "Vaulion is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q538362": "Amalia Mignon Hauck \"Minnie\" Hauk (November 16, 1851 \u2013 February 6, 1929) was an American operatic soprano.", "Q517381": "Dillenburg, officially Oranienstadt Dillenburg, is a town in Hesse's Gie\u00dfen region in Germany. The town was formerly the seat of the old Dillkreis district, which is now part of the Lahn-Dill-Kreis.\nThe town lies on the German-Dutch holiday road called the Orange Route, joining towns, cities and regions associated with the House of Orange-Nassau, as well as on the German Timber-Frame Road and the Rothaarsteig hiking trail.", "Q1088453": "Chrysalis Records () is a British record label that was created in 1968. The name was both a reference to the pupal stage of a butterfly and a combination of its founders' names, Chris Wright and Terry Ellis. It started as the Ellis-Wright Agency.", "Q78239": "Helene B\u00f6hlau (22 November 1859 in Weimar \u2013 26 March 1940 in Augsburg) was a German novelist.", "Q92838": "Erich Gamma (born 1961 in Z\u00fcrich) is a Swiss computer scientist.\nHe was one of the Gang of Four authors of the influential software engineering textbook, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. \nHe is an expert in the Eclipse Java development editor, and with Kent Beck he co-wrote the JUnit software testing framework which helped create Test-Driven Development and influenced the whole software industry. He also led the design of the Eclipse platform's Java Development Tools (JDT), and worked on the IBM Rational Jazz project.\nIn 2011 he joined the Microsoft Visual Studio team and leads a development lab in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland that has developed the \"Monaco\" suite of components for browser-based development, found in products such as Visual Studio Team Services (formerly Visual Studio Online), Visual Studio Code, Azure Mobile Services, Azure Web Sites, and the Office 365 Development tools.\n\n", "Q270633": "Torhout (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0254r\u0266\u028cu\u032ft]) (West Flemish: Toeroet) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Torhout proper, the villages of Wijnendale and Sint-Henricus, and the hamlet of De Driekoningen. On January 1, 2012, Torhout had a total population of 20,149. The total area is 45.23 km\u00b2 which gives a population density of 445 inhabitants per km\u00b2.", "Q1157743": "Melvin Richard \"Dakin\" Matthews (born November 7, 1940) is an American actor with a long history of work in film, television and theater. He is also a playwright, director, and theatrical scholar.", "Q750066": "Aston University is a public research university situated in the city centre of Birmingham, England. Aston began as the Birmingham Municipal Technical School in 1895, evolving into the UK's first College of Advanced Technology in 1956. Aston University received its royal charter from Queen Elizabeth II on 22 April 1966.\nIn 2017, Aston received recognition by Times Higher Education for the second-best teaching quality in the UK. For 2018, it was ranked in the top 55 universities in the UK by all major domestic and international league tables. Aston was ranked by QS as the 42nd best university in the world under 50 years old in 2015.\nAston pioneered the integrated placement year concept over 50 years ago, and more than 70% of Aston students take a placement year, the highest percentage in the UK.Aston is ranked 34th in the University League Tables 2020.", "Q113310": "Itzik Manger (30 May 1901, Czernowitz, then Austrian-Hungarian Empire \u2013 21 February 1969, Gedera, Israel) (Yiddish: \u05d0\u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05e7 \u05de\u05d0\u05b7\u05e0\u05d2\u05e2\u05e8\u200e) was a prominent Yiddish poet and playwright, a self-proclaimed folk bard, visionary, and 'master tailor' of the written word. A Jew from Bucovina, Manger lived in Romania, Poland, France, England and finally Israel.", "Q3244698": "Sony Music Latin is a record label owned by Sony Music. The label focuses on artists of Latin music.", "Q5123253": "The City Law School is one of the five schools of City, University of London. In 2001, the Inns of Court School of Law became part of City, and is now known as The City Law School. Until 1997, the ICSL had a monopoly on the provision of the Bar Vocational Course (BVC), now known as the Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC), the obligatory professional training for would-be barristers in England and Wales, before they commence pupillage.\nThe School is divided into two sections on two campuses. The academic instruction section is based in the Gloucester Building, next to the university's main campus on Northampton Square. It offers education at all levels of legal qualification, including a three-year undergraduate Bachelor of Laws (LLB) programme, a two-year Graduate Entry LLB degree programme, a one-year Masters of Law (LLM) and the Graduate Diploma in Law (GDL) course (formerly known as the Common Professional Examination). This latter programme enjoys a nationwide reputation as one of Britain's elite qualifying diploma courses for non-law graduates. The School also teaches the Legal Practice Course (LPC) for would-be solicitors. In 2007, it received the highest grading from the Law Society of England and Wales for its provision.\nThe professional instruction section, formerly the Inns of Court School of Law, is located at Gray's Inn near Holborn. This section administers the Bar Professional Training Course (formerly the Bar Vocational Course) for intending barristers and the Legal Practice Course for intending solicitors as well as several Master of Laws (LLM) masters programmes. The Legal Practice Course is the only one in London to be rated 'Excellent' by the Law Society.\nApproximately 1500 students are enrolled at the City Law School each year.", "Q155423": "N\u00e9stor Almendros Cuy\u00e1s, ASC (30 October 1930 \u2013 4 March 1992) was a Spanish cinematographer. One of the highest appraised contemporary cinematographers, \"Almendros was an artist of deep integrity, who believed the most beautiful light was natural light...he will always be remembered as a cinematographer of absolute truth...a true master of light\".", "Q70103": "Johann Ludwig Kl\u00fcber (10 November 1762, Tann, near Fulda - 16 February 1837, Frankfurt am Main) was a German law professor, author and state official.", "Q435652": "Rya Kihlstedt (born July 23, 1970) is an American actress. She starred in the 1997 comedy film Home Alone 3. The following years she appeared in films Deep Impact (1998), Women in Trouble (2009) and The Atticus Institute (2015). On television, she had a recurring roles as Dr. Michelle Ross in the Showtime crime drama Dexter and as Marilyn Rhodes in the ABC musical drama Nashville. In 2015, she starred in the NBC miniseries, Heroes Reborn.", "Q69452": "Friedrich Wilhelm R\u00fcstow (25 May 1821 \u2013 14 August 1878) was a Prussian-born Swiss soldier and military writer.\nR\u00fcstow was born in Brandenburg an der Havel in the Province of Brandenburg. He entered the Prussian Army and served for some years, until the publication of Der deutsche Milit\u00e4rstaat vor und w\u00e4hrend der Revolution (Z\u00fcrich, 1850). R\u00fcstow participated in the Revolution of 1848. He was sentenced by a court-martial to 32 1/2 years of fortress imprisonment, but succeeded in escaping to Switzerland, where he obtained a military posting. By 1857 he was a major on the engineer staff.\nThree years later R\u00fcstow accompanied Giuseppe Garibaldi in the famous expedition against the Two Sicilies as colonel and Chief of staff, and to him must be ascribed the victories of Capua (10 September 1860) and Volturno (1 October 1860). At the end of the campaign he settled down in Z\u00fcrich. At the outbreak of the 1870 Franco-Prussian War, he offered his services to Prussia, but was rejected. In 1878, on the foundation of a military professorship at Z\u00fcrich, R\u00fcstow applied for the post, but taught only short, and, on its being given finally to another officer (Emil Rothpletz), lost heart and committed suicide at Aussersihl near Z\u00fcrich.\nTwo of R\u00fcstow's younger brothers were distinguished Prussian soldiers, Alexander R\u00fcstow and C\u00e4sar R\u00fcstow. He was also the great-uncle of the sociologist Alexander R\u00fcstow.", "Q58857": "Carl Friedrich Zelter (11 December 1758 \u2013 15 May 1832) was a German composer, conductor and teacher of music. Working in his father's bricklaying business, Zelter attained mastership in that profession, and was a musical autodidact.\nZelter was born and died in Berlin. He became friendly with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and his works include settings of Goethe's poems. During his career, he composed about two hundred lieder, as well as cantatas, a viola concerto (performed as early as 1779) and piano music.\nAmongst Zelter's pupils (at different times) were Felix Mendelssohn, Fanny Mendelssohn, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Eduard Grell, Otto Nicolai, Johann Friedrich Naue, and Heinrich Dorn. See: List of music students by teacher: T to Z#Carl Friedrich Zelter. Felix Mendelssohn was perhaps Zelter's favorite pupil and Zelter wrote to Goethe boasting of the 12-year old's abilities. Zelter communicated his strong love of the music of J. S. Bach to Mendelssohn, one consequence of which was Mendelssohn's 1829 revival of Bach's St Matthew Passion at the Sing-Akademie under Zelter's auspices. This epochal event sparked a general re-evaluation and revival of Bach's works, which were then largely forgotten and regarded as old-fashioned and beyond resuscitation. Mendelssohn had hoped to succeed Zelter on the latter's death as leader of the Singakademie, but the post went instead to Carl Friedrich Rungenhagen.\n\nZelter was married to Julie Pappritz in 1796, one year after his first wife, Sophie Eleonora Fl\u00f6ricke, n\u00e9e Kappel, had died. Pappritz was a well-known singer at the Berlin Opera. Zelter is buried at the Sophienkirche in Berlin. The violinist Daniel Hope (born 1973) is a direct descendant of Zelter.[1]\nZelter was the author of a biography of Carl Friedrich Christian Fasch, first published in 1801 by J.F. Unger in Berlin.", "Q261058": "Arabesque was an all-girl trio formed at the height of the European disco era in 1977 in Frankfurt, West Germany. The group's changing lineup worked with the German composer Jean Frankfurter (Erich Lie\u00dfmann) and became especially popular in Japan and the Soviet Union.", "Q173382": "Charles de Tornaco (7 June 1927 \u2013 18 September 1953) was a racing driver from Belgium. He participated in 4 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 22 June 1952. He scored no championship points.\nDe Tornaco was the co-founder of Ecurie Belgique, which later became Ecurie Francorchamps, and most of his racing career was with this team, driving Ferraris. In practice for the Modena Grand Prix in 1953, de Tornaco rolled his car and suffered serious head and neck injuries. There were no adequate medical facilities present, and he died on his way to hospital in a private saloon car.", "Q5142861": "Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires (National School of Buenos Aires) is a public high school in Buenos Aires, Argentina. In the tradition of the European gymnasium it provides a free education that includes classical languages such as Latin and Greek. The school is one of the most prestigious in Argentina. Its alumni include many personalities, including two Nobel laureates and four Presidents of Argentina.", "Q1264331": "Stephen Spinella (born October 11, 1956) is an American stage, television, and film actor.", "Q68994": "Adelboden is a mountain village and a municipality in Switzerland, located in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the Bernese Highlands.", "Q1159008": "Piero Puricelli (born April 4, 1883 in Milan - died May 8, 1951 in Milan), Count of Lomnago, was an Italian engineer and politician in the first half of the 20th century who was responsible for the construction in Italy, of the first motorways in the world. He became a senator of Italy in 1929.", "Q324276": "Edward Baines (1774\u20131848) was the editor and proprietor of the Leeds Mercury, (which by his efforts he made the leading provincial paper in England), politician, and author of historical and geographic works of reference.\nOn his death in 1848, the Leeds Intelligencer (a rival of the Mercury, and its political opponent for over forty years) described his as \"one who has earned for himself an indisputable title to be numbered among the notable men of Leeds\"Of his character and physical appearance it remarked: \"Mr Baines had great industry and perseverance, as well as patience and resolution; and with those he possessed pleasing manners and address, - that debonair and affable bearing, which conciliated even those who might have felt that they had reason to regard him as an enemy\u2026 In person he was of a firm well-built frame, rather above the average stature; his features were regular, his expression of countenance frank and agreeable; and he retained his personal comeliness as well as his vivacity and suavity of manners to the last\"\n\n", "Q183703": "Franjo Tu\u0111man, also written as Franjo Tudjman (Croatian: [fr\u01ce\u02d0\u0272o t\u00fbd\u0291man] (listen); 14 May 1922 \u2013 10 December 1999), was a Croatian politician and historian. Following the country's independence from Yugoslavia he became the first President of Croatia and served as president from 1990 until his death in 1999. He was the 9th and last President of the Presidency of SR Croatia from May to July 1990.\nTu\u0111man was born in Veliko Trgovi\u0161\u0107e, Croatia. In his youth he fought during World War II as a member of the Yugoslav Partisans. After the war he took a post in the Ministry of Defence, later attaining the rank of major general of the Yugoslav Army in 1960. After his military career he dedicated himself to the study of geopolitics. In 1963 he became a professor on the Zagreb Faculty of Political Sciences. He received a doctorate in history in 1965 and worked as a historian until coming into conflict with the regime. Tu\u0111man participated in the Croatian Spring movement that called for reforms in the country and was imprisoned for his activities in 1972. He lived relatively anonymously in the following years until the end of Communism, whereupon he began his political career by founding the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) in 1989.\nHDZ won the first Croatian parliamentary elections in 1990 and Tu\u0111man became the President of the Presidency of SR Croatia. As president, Tu\u0111man introduced a new constitution and pressed for the creation of an independent Croatia. On 19 May 1991, an independence referendum was held, which was approved by 93 percent of voters. Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991. Areas with a Serb majority revolted, backed by the Yugoslav army, and Tu\u0111man led Croatia during its War of Independence. A ceasefire was signed in 1992, but the war had spread into Bosnia and Herzegovina, where Croats fought in an alliance with Bosniaks. Their cooperation fell apart in late 1992 and Tu\u0111man's government sided with Herzeg-Bosnia during the Croat-Bosniak War with the goal to reunite the Croatian people, a move that brought criticism from the international community. In March 1994, he signed the Washington Agreement with Bosnian President Alija Izetbegovi\u0107 that re-allied Croats and Bosniaks. In August 1995, he authorized a major offensive known as Operation Storm which effectively ended the war in Croatia. In the same year, he was one of the signatories of the Dayton Agreement that put an end to the Bosnian War. He was re-elected president in 1992 and 1997 and remained in power until his death in 1999. While supporters point out his role in achieving Croatian independence, critics have described his presidency as authoritarian. Surveys after Tu\u0111man's death have generally shown a high favorability rating among the Croatian public.", "Q477461": "Amr Abdul Baset Abdel Aziz Diab (Arabic: \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0628\u200e; born 11 October 1961), commonly known as Amr Diab (Arabic: \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0628\u200e), is an Egyptian singer, composer and actor. He has established himself as an acclaimed recording artist and author in most Mediterranean countries.\nAccording to a research by Michael Frishkopf, he has created his style termed as \"Mediterranean Music\", a blend of Western and Egyptian rhythms. By 1992, he became the first Egyptian and Middle Eastern artist to start making high-tech music videos.", "Q483286": "Apink (Korean: \uc5d0\uc774\ud551\ud06c, Japanese: \u30a8\u30fc\u30d4\u30f3\u30af) is a South Korean girl group formed by Play M Entertainment (formerly A Cube Entertainment and Plan A Entertainment). The group debuted on April 19, 2011, with the extended play (EP) Seven Springs of Apink and with seven members: Park Cho-rong, Yoon Bo-mi, Jung Eun-ji, Son Na-eun, Hong Yoo-kyung, Kim Nam-joo and Oh Ha-young. Hong left the group in April 2013 to focus on her studies.\nSince their debut, Apink has won awards at shows such as the Golden Disc Awards, the Seoul Music Awards and the Mnet Asian Music Awards. Their first music program win was on M Countdown on January 5, 2012, for \"My My\" from their second EP Snow Pink. To date, Apink has released nine Korean mini-albums, three Korean studio albums and three Japanese studio albums.", "Q5121444": "An intelligence officer is a person employed by an organization to collect, compile or analyze information (known as intelligence) which is of use to that organization. The word of officer is a working title, not a rank, used in the same way a \"police officer\" can also be a sergeant, or in the military, in which non-commissioned personnel may serve as intelligence officers. \nOrganizations which employ intelligence officers include armed forces, police, and customs agencies.", "Q193510": "The University of Padua (Italian: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is an Italian university located in the city of Padua, Italy. The University of Padua was founded in 1222 as a school of law. Padua is the second-oldest university in Italy and the world's fifth-oldest surviving university. In 2010 the university had approximately 65,000 students, in 2016 was ranked \"best university\" among Italian institutions of higher education with more than 40,000 students, and in 2018 best Italian university according to ARWU ranking.", "Q65268": "Brienz (US: bree-ENTS, German: [bri\u02d0nts], Swiss German: [b\u0325ri\u0259\u032fnts]) is a village and municipality on the northern shore of Lake Brienz, at the foot of the Brienzer Rothorn mountain, and in the Bernese Oberland region of Switzerland. Besides the village of Brienz, the municipality includes the settlements of Kienholz and Axalp.\nPolitically, the municipality is located in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district of the canton of Bern.", "Q2435113": "Timothy John Leigh Bell, Baron Bell (18 October 1941 \u2013 25 August 2019), was a British advertising and public relations executive, best known for his advisory role in Margaret Thatcher's three successful general election campaigns and his co-founding and 30 years of heading Bell Pottinger.", "Q215901": "Victor Company of Japan, Ltd. (\u65e5\u672c\u30d3\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e, Nihon Bikut\u0101 Kabushiki-gaisha), TYO: 6792, usually referred to as JVC or The Japan Victor Company, was a Japanese international professional and consumer electronics corporation based in Yokohama. Founded in 1927, the company is best known for introducing Japan's first televisions and for developing the Video Home System (VHS) video recorder.\nFrom 1953 to 2008, the Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. was the majority stockholder in JVC. In 2008, JVC merged with Kenwood Corporation to create JVCKenwood. JVC sold their electronic products in their home market of Japan under the \"Victor\" name with the His Master's Voice logo, but used the name JVC or Nivico in the past for export due to differing ownership of the His Master's Voice logo and the ownership of the \"Victor\" name from successors of the Victor Talking Machine Company. In 2011, the Victor brand for electronics in Japan was replaced by the global JVC brand. However, the previous \"Victor\" name and logo is retained by JVC Kenwood Victor Entertainment.", "Q64176": "Kurt Hans Biedenkopf (born 28 January 1930) is a German politician. He was the 1st Minister President of the Free State of Saxony (one of Germany's federal states) from 1990 until 2002, as such serving as the 54th President of the Bundesrat in 1999/2000.", "Q438376": "Tracy Spiridakos (Greek: \u03a4\u03c1\u03ad\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u03a3\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2) is a Canadian actress. She starred as Becky Richards on the Teletoon children's comedy series Majority Rules! from 2009\u20132010. She then starred as Charlotte \"Charlie\" Matheson on the NBC post-apocalyptic science fiction series Revolution from 2012\u20132014, for which she was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television. She played Annika Johnson on the A&E television drama Bates Motel.", "Q326461": "The 27 Club is a list consisting mostly of popular musicians, artists, or actors who died at age 27. Although the claim of a \"statistical spike\" for the death of musicians at that age has been repeatedly disproved by research, it remains a cultural phenomenon, documenting the deaths of celebrities, some noted for their high-risk lifestyles. Names are often put forward for inclusion, but because the club is entirely notional, there is no official membership.", "Q1665233": "The University of Arts of Cuba / Instituto Superior de Arte (ISA) was established on September 1, 1976, by the Cuban government as a school for the arts. Its original structure had three schools: Music, Visual Arts, and Performing Arts.\nAt present the ISA has four schools, the previous three and one for Arts and Audiovisual Communication Media. There are also four teaching schools in the provinces, one in Camag\u00fcey, two in Holgu\u00edn and one in Santiago de Cuba.\nISA offers pre-degree and post-degree courses, as well as a wide spectrum of brief and extension courses, including preparation for Cuban and foreign professors for a degree of Doctor on Sciences in Art.\nPredegree education has increased to five careers: Music, Visual Arts, Theatre Arts, Dance Arts and Arts and Audiovisual Communication Media.\nIn 1996, the ISA established the National Award of Artistic Teaching, conceived for recognizing a lifework devoted to arts teaching.", "Q3568868": "William Paats (b. Friedrich Wilhelm Paats Hantelmann, 12 January 1876, Rotterdam \u2013 d. 28 August 1946, Asunci\u00f3n) was a Dutch-born Paraguayan sports instructor.\nOften regarded as \"the father of Paraguayan football\", Paats' family moved to Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay in 1894. At that time, William was 18 years old and soon noticed the lack in the formal practice of any sport in Paraguay.\nAfter a few years, he became a physical education instructor at the Escuela Normal de Maestros in Asunci\u00f3n. In one of his trips to Buenos Aires, he bought a ball and brought it back to Paraguay; and soon after he started teaching the practice of football to his students. The popularity of football in Paraguay rose immediately. Due to the success and enormous interest of the people, Paats impulsed the foundation of the first Paraguayan football club, and so on 25 July 1902 Club Olimpia was born.\nPaats was also a founding member of the Liga Paraguaya de F\u00fatbol (Paraguayan Football League) in 1906 and served as President of the mentioned organisation from 1909 to 1910. He also promoted and taught the practice of other sports disciplines such as cricket, tennis, swimming and rowing. His passion for sports and social activities led him to found the social and sports club Sajonia in 1921 and the Touring y Autom\u00f3vil Club Paraguayo in 1924. He also served as a consul for the Netherlands until 1935.\nPaats died on 28 August 1946, in Asunci\u00f3n, leaving his legacy as one of the most important sports personalities in Paraguay.", "Q732608": "Michel Kilo (Arabic: \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u200e, born 1940) is a Syrian Christian writer and human rights activist, who has been called \"one of Syria's leading opposition thinkers.\"", "Q98326": "Adnan Maral (born 1 July 1968) is a Turkish-German actor best known for his role in the German comedy T\u00fcrkisch f\u00fcr Anf\u00e4nger.", "Q514105": "The Australian Academy of Science was founded in 1954 by a group of distinguished Australians, including Australian Fellows of the Royal Society of London. The first president was Sir Mark Oliphant. The Academy is modelled after the Royal Society and operates under a Royal Charter; as such, it is an independent body, but it has government endorsement. The Academy Secretariat is in Canberra, at the Shine Dome.\nThe objectives of the Academy are to promote science and science education through a range of activities. It has defined four major program areas:\n\nrecognition of outstanding contributions to science\neducation and public awareness\nscience policy\ninternational relationsThe Academy also runs the 22 National Committees for Science which provide a forum to discuss issues relevant to all the scientific disciplines in Australia.", "Q3228965": "Leeds Arts University is a specialist arts further and higher education institution, based in the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, with a main campus opposite the University of Leeds.", "Q179122": "Alice Babette Toklas (April 30, 1877 \u2013 March 7, 1967) was an American-born member of the Parisian avant-garde of the early 20th century, and the life partner of American writer Gertrude Stein.", "Q194294": "Bioethics is the study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine. It is also moral discernment as it relates to medical policy and practice. Bioethics are concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine and medical ethics, politics, law, theology and philosophy. It includes the study of values relating to primary care and other branches of medicine (\"the ethics of the ordinary\"). Ethics also relates to many other sciences outside the realm of biological sciences.", "Q336841": "George Chakiris (born September 16, 1934) is a retired American dancer, singer, and actor. He is best known for his appearance in the film version of West Side Story as Bernardo, the leader of the Sharks gang, for which he won both the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture.", "Q117823": "Mark Muller (born 26 August 1964 in Geneva) is a Swiss real estate lawyer and politician in the canton of Geneva.A member of the Parti Lib\u00e9ral Genevois, he has been a member of the Grand Council, a parliamentary body, since 2001.\nIn November 2005, he was elected to the Geneva Council of State, an executive body. He served therein between 2005 and 2012.\nMuller served as Geneva Council of State President for 2011, and until his last day of service, 29 February 2012.", "Q494711": "Lancaster is a charter city in northern Los Angeles County, in the Antelope Valley of the western Mojave Desert in Southern California. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 156,633, and in 2018 the population was estimated at 159,053, making Lancaster the 32nd largest city in California. Lancaster is part of a twin city complex with its southern neighbor Palmdale, and together they are the principal cities within the Antelope Valley region.Lancaster is located approximately 70 miles (110 km) north (via I-5 and SR 14) of downtown Los Angeles, and is near the Kern County line. It is separated from the Los Angeles Basin by the San Gabriel Mountains to the south, and from Bakersfield and the San Joaquin Valley by the Tehachapi Mountains to the north. The population of Lancaster has grown from 37,000 at the time of its incorporation in 1977 to over 159,000 as of 2018.", "Q75090": "Luise Adelaide Lavinia Schopenhauer, known as Adele Schopenhauer (12 July 1797 \u2013 25 August 1849), was a German author. She was the sister of the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer and daughter of author Johanna Schopenhauer. Henriette Sommer and Adrian van der Venne were pseudonyms used by her.\n\n", "Q139506": "Pauline Clarke (19 May 1921 \u2013 23 July 2013) was an English author who wrote for younger children under the name Helen Clare, for older children as Pauline Clarke, and more recently for adults under her married name Pauline Hunter Blair. Her best-known work is The Twelve and the Genii, a low fantasy children's novel published by Faber in 1962, for which she won the 1962 Carnegie Medal and the 1968 Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis.", "Q281621": "John Soursby Glover Jr. (; born August 7, 1944) is an American actor, known for a range of villainous roles in films and television, including Lionel Luthor on the Superman-inspired television series Smallville. In 1993, he co-starred in the dark comedy Ed and His Dead Mother with Steve Buscemi and Ned Beatty.", "Q430919": "Ximena Abarca (born September 24, 1981, in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean pop singer and actress. She debuted in 2003 as a solo artist at the Chilean TV show Protagonistas de la Musica. She won the first place in the TV show.\nShe released her first studio album in 2003 entitled \"Punto de Partida\" under the Warner label.", "Q85411": "August Meitzen (born 16 December 1822, in Breslau; died 19 January 1910, in Berlin) was a German statistician.", "Q122640": "Carl Ludwig David Friedrich Heusler (1 February 1866, Dillenburg \u2013 25 October 1947) was a German mining engineer and chemist. He discovered a special group of intermetallics now known as Heusler phases, which are ferromagnetic though the constituting elements are not ferromagnetic.", "Q4662382": "Abraham Aaron Rubashkin (Yiddish: \u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4\u05dd \u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05df \u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d0\u05b7\u05e9\u05e7\u05d9\u05df\u200e, Russian: \u0410\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0430\u043c \u0410\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043d \u0420\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d; 1927 or 1928 \u2013 April 2, 2020) was an Russian-American businessman. He died during the 2019\u201320 coronavirus pandemic due to complications brought on by COVID-19.", "Q516712": "Chic ( SHEEK, French: [\u0283ik]), currently called Nile Rodgers & Chic, is an American band that was organized in 1972 by guitarist Nile Rodgers and bassist Bernard Edwards. It recorded many commercially successful disco songs, including \"Dance, Dance, Dance (Yowsah, Yowsah, Yowsah)\" (1977), \"Everybody Dance\" (1977), \"Le Freak\" (1978), \"I Want Your Love\" (1978), \"Good Times\" (1979), and \"My Forbidden Lover\" (1979). The group regarded themselves as a rock band for the disco movement \"that made good on hippie peace, love and freedom\". In 2017, Chic was nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for the eleventh time.", "Q325183": "For cycle, motor-cycle, motor-car, aeroplane and airship companies associated with French industrialist Adolphe Cl\u00e9ment-Bayard, see Clement (disambiguation).\n\nGustave Adolphe Cl\u00e9ment, from 1909 Cl\u00e9ment-Bayard (22 September 1855 \u2013 10 March 1928), was a French entrepreneur. An orphan who became a blacksmith and a Compagnon du Tour de France, he went on to race and manufacture bicycles, pneumatic tyres, motorcycles, automobiles, aeroplanes and airships.In 1894 he was a passenger in the winning vehicle in the world's first competitive motor event. Albert Lema\u00eetre's Peugeot was judged to be the winner of the Paris\u2013Rouen Competition for Horeseless Carriages (Concours des Voitures sans Chevaux).As a result of selling the manufacturing rights to his Cl\u00e9ment car he added Bayard to the name of his new business. The company name honoured the Chevalier Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard who saved the company's town of M\u00e9zi\u00e8res from an Imperial army during the Siege of M\u00e9zi\u00e8res in 1521.In 1909, five years after the successful launch of the Cl\u00e9ment-Bayard automobile brand, he applied for and obtained the consent of the Conseil d'Etat to change his name and those of his descendants to Cl\u00e9ment-Bayard. Cl\u00e9ment-Bayard was appointed a Commander of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur in 1912.\nMost of his manufacturing empire was destroyed by World War 1, by German ransacking, by conversion to war production for France, and by the subsequent weak economic market. In 1922 the Cl\u00e9ment-Bayard company was sold to Andr\u00e9 Citro\u00ebn and the factory at Levallois-Perret was the centre of 2CV manufacturing for the next 40 years.", "Q221497": "Xenophilus (Greek: \u039e\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2; 4th century BC), of Chalcidice, was a Pythagorean philosopher and musician who lived in the first half of the 4th century BC. Aulus Gellius relates that Xenophilus was the intimate friend and teacher of Aristoxenus and implies that Xenophilus taught him Pythagorean doctrine. He was said to have belonged to the last generation of Pythagoreans, and he is the only Pythagorean known to have lived in Athens in the 4th century BC.According to Diogenes La\u00ebrtius, Aristoxenus wrote that when Xenophilus was once asked by someone how he could best educate his son, Xenophilus replied, \"By making him the citizen of a well-governed state.\" In the Macrobii of Pseudo-Lucian, Aristoxenus is supposed to have said that Xenophilus lived 105 years. Xenophilus enjoyed considerable fame in the Renaissance, apparently because of Pliny's claim that he lived 105 years without ever being sick.", "Q283036": "Hiroshima mon amour (French pronunciation: \u200b[i\u0281o\u0283ima m\u0254\u0303.n\u203famu\u0281], Hiroshima My Love; Japanese: \u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u6642\u9593\u306e\u60c5\u4e8b Nij\u016byojikan'noj\u014dji, Twenty-four-hour affair) is a 1959 French New Wave romantic drama film directed by French film director Alain Resnais, with a screenplay by Marguerite Duras. It is the documentation of an intensely personal conversation between a French-Japanese couple about memory and forgetfulness. It was a major catalyst for the Left Bank Cinema, making use of miniature flashbacks to create a nonlinear storyline.", "Q777354": "Manuel Ram\u00f3n Pimentel Siles (born 30 August 1961) is a Spanish politician and writer. He served as Minister of Labour and Social of Spain from January 1999 to February 2000. In March 2003, Pimentel abandoned the People's Party (PP) in protest over the Irak War crisis, forming his own party, the Andalusian Forum.\n\n", "Q67494": "Simon Paulli (6 April 1603 \u2013 25 April 1680), was a Danish physician and naturalist. He was a professor of anatomy, surgery and botany at the University of Copenhagen. The genus Paullinia is named after him.Paulli was the first court physician to Frederick III of Denmark, and made valuable contributions to anatomy and botany. He authored and published several treatises in medicine and botany, notably, Quadripartitum Botanicum. He was also a driving force between the establishment of the Domus Anatomica, the first anatomical theatre in Copenhagen.", "Q838066": "M-Flo (\u30a8\u30e0\u30d5\u30ed\u30a6, Emu Fur\u014d, stylized as m-flo) is a Japanese hip hop group consisting of record producer DJ Taku Takahashi, MC Verbal and Lisa.\nLisa left the group in 2002 to pursue a solo career and the remaining members then started the M-Flo Loves... project working different vocalists for each song over three albums, including the likes of Bonnie Pink, Koda Kumi and BoA.Their mainstream success and critical acclaim established them as the most iconic and influential hip-hop production team in Japan with success throughout Asia.Taku Takahashi and Verbal also started successful side-projects outside M-Flo, such as the Teriyaki Boyz and Global Astro Alliance collaborating with international producers and artists such as Kanye West and the Beastie Boys.\nIn 2008, the group announced a hiatus, stating that each member would be focusing on their respective side projects. In 2012 the group ended their hiatus with the release of Square One on March 14, 2012.On December 14, 2017, Lisa returned to the group and they announced that they will release new material in 2018. At the same time, M-Flo also released a digital compilation album called UNIVERSE to celebrate past years of the group, that contained all the 150 songs they released since their debut.", "Q257267": "Christopher Andrew \"Christy\" Moore (born 7 May 1945) is an Irish folk singer, songwriter and guitarist. He is one of the founding members of Planxty and Moving Hearts. His first album, Paddy on the Road was recorded with Dominic Behan in 1969. In 2007, he was named as Ireland's greatest living musician in RT\u00c9's People of the Year Awards.", "Q172711": "Marin Moraru (Romanian pronunciation: [ma\u02c8rin mo\u02c8raru]; 31 January 1937 \u2013 21 August 2016) was a Romanian actor of stage, film and television.\nHe graduated from Caragiale Academy of Theatrical Arts and Cinematography in 1961. Moraru performed at the Youth Theatre (1961\u20131964), Comedy Theatre (1965\u20131968), Bulandra Theatre (1968\u20131971) and National Theatre (1971\u20131974). In 2009, he received the Gopo Award for Life Achievement.\nMoraru died on 21 August 2016 at the age of 79.", "Q123238": "Guillaume Henri Dufour (15 September 1787 \u2013 14 July 1875) was a Swiss army-officer, bridge-engineer and topographer. He served under Napoleon I and held the Swiss office of General four times in his career, firstly in 1847 when he led the Swiss Confederation forces to victory against the Sonderbund. In 1864 Dufour presided over the First Geneva Convention which established the International Red Cross. He was founder and president (1838 to 1865) of the Swiss Federal Office of Topography.\n\n", "Q332399": "The Traveling Wilburys (sometimes shortened to the Wilburys) were an English\u2013American supergroup consisting of Bob Dylan, George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty. Originating from an idea discussed by Harrison and Lynne during the sessions for Harrison's 1987 album Cloud Nine, the band formed in April 1988 after the five members united to record a bonus track for Harrison's next European single. When this collaboration, \"Handle with Care\", was deemed too good for such a limited release, the group agreed to record a full album, titled Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1. Following Orbison's death in December 1988, the band released a second album, which they titled Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3, in 1990.\nThe project's work received much anticipation given the diverse nature of the singer-songwriters. The band members adopted tongue-in-cheek pseudonyms as half-brothers from a fictional Wilbury family of travelling musicians. Vol. 1 was a critical and commercial success, helping to revitalise Dylan's and Petty's respective careers. In 1990, the album won the Grammy for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group.\nAlthough Harrison envisaged a series of Wilburys albums and a film about the band, produced through his company HandMade, the group's final release was in February 1991. After several years of unavailability, the two Wilburys albums were reissued by the Harrison estate in the 2007 box set The Traveling Wilburys Collection. The box set included a DVD containing their music videos and a documentary on the band's formation.", "Q201021": "Felix Davidovich Krivin (Ukrainian: \u0424\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0441 \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0432\u0456\u043d, tr. F\u00e9lix Dav\u00eddovich Kr\u00edvin; June 11, 1928 \u2013 December 24, 2016) was a Soviet, Ukrainian and Israeli writer and poet, author of intellectual humoristic prose, screenwriter.\n\n", "Q496660": "Chang Chun-ha (\uc7a5\uc900\ud558, \u5f35\u4fca\u6cb3, August 27, 1918 in Uiju County \u2013 August 17, 1975 in Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi Province) was a Korean independence and democracy activist who later became a journalist in South Korea.", "Q4302695": "Shigeki Mori (\u68ee \u8302\u559c, Mori Shigeki)(27 March 1910 \u2013 19 November 1989) was a Japanese businessman and politician, mayor of Neagari, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, father of a former Japanese prime minister Yoshir\u014d Mori.\nDuring his term, he developed a relationship with the Siberian town of Shelekhov, particularly a bilateral dialogue to improve the gravesites of Soviet soldiers in Japan and Japanese soldiers in Siberia; he was so close to Russia that Japanese authorities monitored him closely as a potential communist sympathizer. He visited Shelekhov more than 15 times during his 35 years in office, and part of his ashes were buried there following his death.", "Q372965": "Jean-Luc Seret (born 14 September 1951 in Rouen, France) is a French chess player, International Master and four-time winner of the French Chess Championship.", "Q57231": "Tom Tykwer (German: [\u02c8t\u026akv\u0250]; born 23 May 1965) is a German film director, producer, screenwriter, and composer. He is best known internationally for directing the thriller films Run Lola Run (1998), Heaven (2002), Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (2006), and The International (2009). He collaborated with The Wachowskis as co-director for the science fiction film Cloud Atlas (2012) and the Netflix series Sense8 (2015\u20132018). Tykwer is also well known as the co-creator of the internationally acclaimed German television series Babylon Berlin.\n\n", "Q283988": "Roderick Andrew Anthony Jude McDowall (17 September 1928 \u2013 3 October 1998) was an English-American actor, voice artist, film director and photographer. He is best known for portraying Cornelius and Caesar in the original Planet of the Apes film series, as well as Galen in the spin-off television series. He began his acting career as a child in England, and then in the United States, in How Green Was My Valley (1941), My Friend Flicka (1943) and Lassie Come Home (1943).\nAs an adult, McDowall appeared most frequently as a character actor on radio, stage, film, and television. For portraying Augustus in the historical drama Cleopatra (1963), he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. Other titles include The Longest Day (1962), The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965), That Darn Cat! (1965), Inside Daisy Clover (1965), Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971), The Poseidon Adventure (1972), Funny Lady (1975), The Black Hole (1979), Class of 1984 (1982), Fright Night (1985), Overboard (1987), Fright Night Part 2 (1988), Shakma (1990), and A Bug's Life (1998). He also served in various positions on the Board of Governors for the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and the Selection Committee for the Kennedy Center Honors, further contributing to various charities related to the film industry and film preservation. He was a founding Member of the National Film Preservation Board in 1989, and represented the Screen Actors Guild on this Board until his death.", "Q644952": "The Tschingelhorn (3,562 m) is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. The summit of the Klein Tschingelhorn (3,495 m) on the west is the tripoint between the valleys of Kandertal, Lauterbrunnental (both in the Bernese Oberland) and L\u00f6tschental (in Valais). The main summit lies between the Lauterbrunnental and the L\u00f6tschental.\nThe first ascent was made by Heinrich Feuz, W. H. Hawker, and Ulrich and Christian Lauener on 6 September 1865.\nW. A. B. Coolidge's dog 'Tschingel' (d. 1879) \u2013 a gift to Coolidge from Swiss guide Christian Almer in 1868 \u2013 was named after the mountain; she made eleven first ascents in the Alps and completed 66 grandes courses, and was nominated but not accepted as an honorary member of the Alpine Club on account of her gender.[1]", "Q5444": "Pietro Paolo Mennea (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8pj\u025b\u02d0tro men\u02c8n\u025b\u02d0a]; 28 June 1952 \u2013 21 March 2013) was an Italian sprinter and politician. He was most successful in the 200 m event, in which he won a gold medal at the 1980 Moscow Olympics and set a world record at 19.72 seconds in September 1979. This record stood for almost 17 years \u2013 the longest duration in the event history \u2013 and is still listed as the European record.", "Q125649": "William III (Dutch: Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk; English: William Alexander Paul Frederick Louis; 19 February 1817 \u2013 23 November 1890) was King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 1849 until his death in 1890. He was also the Duke of Limburg from 1849 until the abolition of the duchy in 1866.\nWilliam was the son of King William II and Anna Pavlovna of Russia. On the abdication of his grandfather William I in 1840, he became the Prince of Orange. On the death of his father in 1849, he succeeded as king of the Netherlands.\nWilliam married his cousin Sophie of W\u00fcrttemberg in 1839 and they had three sons, William, Maurice, and Alexander, all of whom predeceased him. After Sophie's death in 1877 he married Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont in 1879 and they had one daughter Wilhelmina, who succeeded William to the Dutch throne. Meanwhile, being the last agnatic dynastic descendant of Otto I, Count of Nassau, the throne of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg passed to his patrilineal seventeenth cousin once removed (and matrilineal third cousin), Adolphe. To date, he is the last Dutch monarch to die whilst on the throne.", "Q3178132": "Dabayin Min (Burmese: \u1012\u102e\u1015\u1032\u101a\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a), commonly known as Naungdawgyi (Burmese: \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 [n\u00e0\u028a\u0270\u0303d\u0254\u0300d\u0291\u00ed]; 10 August 1736 \u2013 28 November 1763) was the second king of Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar), from 1760 to 1763. He was a top military commander in his father Alaungpaya's reunification campaigns of the country. As king, he spent much of his short reign suppressing multiple rebellions across the newly founded kingdom from Ava (Inwa) and Toungoo (Taungoo) to Martaban (Mottama) and Chiang Mai. The king suddenly died less than a year after he had successfully suppressed the rebellions. He was succeeded by his younger brother Hsinbyushin.\n\n", "Q229975": "Brittany Snow (born March 9, 1986) is an American actress, producer, director, and singer. She rose to prominence when she appeared in the CBS series Guiding Light (1998\u20132001) for which she won a Young Artist Award for Best Young Actress and was nominated for two other Young Artist Awards and a Soap Opera Digest Award. Snow then starred in the NBC series American Dreams (2002\u20132005) for which she was nominated for a Young Artist Award and three Teen Choice Awards. \nSnow subsequently appeared in television series including Nip/Tuck (2005), Harry's Law (2011) and Almost Family (2019). She has starred in films such as John Tucker Must Die (2006), Hairspray (2007), the Pitch Perfect film series (2012\u20132017), and Someone Great (2019). Other films include Prom Night (2008), The Vicious Kind (2009), Would You Rather (2012), Hangman (2017), and Bushwick (2017).\nSnow is also the co-founder of the Love is Louder movement, a project by the not-for-profit Jed Foundation, dedicated to stop bullying in schools.", "Q190794": "Famke Beumer Janssen (Dutch: [\u02c8f\u0251mk\u0259 \u02c8j\u0251ns\u0259(n)]; born c.\u20091964) is a Dutch actress, director, screenwriter, and former fashion model. She played Xenia Onatopp in GoldenEye (1995), Jean Grey / Phoenix in the X-Men film series (2000\u20132014), Ava Moore on Nip/Tuck, and Lenore Mills in the Taken film trilogy (2008\u20132014). In 2008, she was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador for Integrity by the United Nations. She made her directorial debut with Bringing Up Bobby in 2011. She is also known for her role in the Netflix original series Hemlock Grove and for her role in ABC's How to Get Away with Murder. Janssen starred in the 2017 NBC crime thriller The Blacklist: Redemption.", "Q164173": "Bessie Kate \"Katie\" Johnson (18 November 1878 in Clayton, Sussex \u2013 4 May 1957 in Elham, Kent) was an English actress who appeared on stage from 1894 and on screen from the 1930s to the 1950s. In 1908 she married the actor Frank Goodenough Bayly (1873 \u2013 28 November 1923, Newcastle upon Tyne).She first appeared in a film at age 53, in 1932, but never received critical acclaim for her performances until 1955, when she starred, aged 76, in the Ealing Studios comedy The Ladykillers as Mrs Louisa Wilberforce. The role earned her a British Film Academy award for best British actress. She died less than two years afterwards having only appeared in a single further film.She also appeared in the BBC science fiction serial The Quatermass Experiment (1953) and played a spy in I See a Dark Stranger (1946).", "Q148499": "The Margraviate of Brandenburg (German: Markgrafschaft Brandenburg) was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806 that played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe.\nBrandenburg developed out of the Northern March founded in the territory of the Slavic Wends. It derived one of its names from this inheritance, the March of Brandenburg (Mark Brandenburg). Its ruling margraves were established as prestigious prince-electors in the Golden Bull of 1356, allowing them to vote in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor. The state thus became additionally known as Electoral Brandenburg or the Electorate of Brandenburg (Kurbrandenburg or Kurf\u00fcrstentum Brandenburg).\nThe House of Hohenzollern came to the throne of Brandenburg in 1415. In 1417, Frederick I moved its capital from Brandenburg an der Havel to Berlin. Under Hohenzollern leadership, Brandenburg grew rapidly in power during the 17th century and inherited the Duchy of Prussia. The resulting Brandenburg-Prussia was the predecessor of the Kingdom of Prussia, which became a leading German state during the 18th century. Although the electors' highest title was \"King in/of Prussia\", their power base remained in Brandenburg and its capital Berlin.\nThe Margraviate of Brandenburg ended with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. It was replaced after the Napoleonic Wars with the Prussian Province of Brandenburg in 1815. The Hohenzollern Kingdom of Prussia achieved the unification of Germany and the creation of the German Empire in 1871. As Prussia was the legal predecessor of the united German Reich of 1871\u20131945, and as such a direct ancestor of the present-day Federal Republic of Germany, Brandenburg is one of the earliest linear ancestors of present-day Germany.\nThe Mark Brandenburg is still used informally today to refer to the present German state of Brandenburg.", "Q4668877": "Abraham Kunio Gonz\u00e1lez Uyeda (born September 14, 1996 in Mexico) is a Mexican politician and the current Secretary for Economic Development of the State of Jalisco since December, 2006. He graduated in Industrial Engineering from the Western Institute of Technology and Higher Education (Spanish: Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente - ITESO).", "Q129073": "Puppet Master 5: The Final Chapter is a 1994 direct-to-video horror film written by Douglas Aarniokoski among others, and directed by Jeff Burr. It is the fifth film in the Puppet Master franchise, the sequel to 1993's Puppet Master 4, and stars Gordon Currie as the series' third Puppet Master, and Ian Ogilvy, his colleague, whose attempts to salvage the animated puppets of Andr\u00e9 Toulon (Guy Rolfe) from the Bodega Bay Inn are foiled by a demon. As in the previous film, the puppets serve as protagonists, rather than terrorize as they had in the first and second films. As the title indicates, Puppet Master 5 was intended to be the final installment of the series. However, in 1998 a sixth entry, Curse of the Puppet Master, was released, and the series has been ongoing since.\n\n", "Q55426": "Glauber de Andrade Rocha (14 March 1939 \u2013 22 August 1981), better known as Glauber Rocha, was a Brazilian film director, actor and screenwriter. He was a key figure of Cinema Novo and one of the most influential moviemakers of Brazilian cinema. His films Black God, White Devil and Entranced Earth are often considered to be two of the greatest achievements in Brazilian cinematic history, being selected by Abraccine as, respectively, the second and fifth best Brazilian films of all-time.Rocha's film possess a staunch avant-garde and experimental nature, making of him a seminal figure of the new wave. His works are noted for their many political overtones, often addressing the passive-aggressive situation of the Third World, which Rocha referred to both metaphorically and objectively as \"hunger\" in his essay Est\u00e9tica da Fome (The Aesthetics of Hunger). Rocha won the Prix de la mise en sc\u00e8ne at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival for Antonio das Mortes and the 1977 Special Jury Prize for Best Short Film for Di. Three of Rocha's films were nominated for the Palm d'Or, including Entranced Earth, which was awarded the FIPRESCI at the 1967 Cannes Film Festival and the Grand Prix of the Locarno Film Festival of the same year.", "Q64823": "Florian Lukas (16 March 1973 Berlin, East Germany) is a German actor.", "Q590563": "Stuart Chase (March 8, 1888 \u2013 November 16, 1985) was an American economist, social theorist, and writer. His writings covered topics as diverse as general semantics and physical economy. His thought was shaped by Henry George, by economic philosopher Thorstein Veblen, by Fabian socialism, and by the Communist social and educational experiments being in the Soviet Union around 1930.Chase spent his early political career supporting \"a wide range of reform causes: the single tax, women's suffrage, birth control and socialism.\" Chase's early books, The Tragedy of Waste (1925) and Your Money's Worth (1928), were notable for their criticism of corporate advertising and their advocacy of consumer protection.", "Q723063": "Mathew James Willis (born 8 May 1983), also previously known as Mattie Jay, is an English singer-songwriter, television presenter and actor, best known as the bassist and the Co-Vocalists of the pop band, Busted. Willis released his debut solo album Don't Let It Go to Waste on 20 November 2006, which included three top 20 singles.In December 2006, Willis won the sixth series of the ITV reality series I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, and later went on to co-present the ITV2 spin-off show with his wife Emma in 2007 and 2008. In 2014, Willis played the role of Garth Stubbs in the revived ITV sitcom Birds of a Feather and Luke Riley in the BBC One soap opera EastEnders.\n\n", "Q863062": "Billy Davenport (April 23, 1931 \u2013 December 24, 1999) was an American drummer known for his work with blues musicians such as Willie Dixon, Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Otis Rush, and Paul Butterfield. He played on the Butterfield album East-West, and retired from music briefly until 1972, and then again from 1974 to 1981.Born in Chicago, Illinois, United States, Davenport died in December 1999. He was inducted posthumously into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2015 as an early member of the Butterfield Band.", "Q8160": "Carly Rose Sonenclar (born April 20, 1999) is an American singer and actress. In December 2012, she became the runner-up on the second season of The X Factor.", "Q287536": "The Miracle Worker is a 1962 American biographical film about Anne Sullivan, blind tutor to Helen Keller, directed by Arthur Penn. The screenplay by William Gibson is based on his 1959 play of the same title, which originated as a 1957 broadcast of the television anthology series Playhouse 90. Gibson's secondary source material was The Story of My Life, the 1902 autobiography of Helen Keller.\nThe film went on to be an instant critical success and a moderate commercial success. The film was nominated for five Academy Awards, including Best Director for Arthur Penn, and won two awards, Best Actress for Anne Bancroft and Best Supporting Actress for Patty Duke. The Miracle Worker also holds a perfect 100% score from the movie critics site Rotten Tomatoes.", "Q822980": "Bernardo Buontalenti (Italian pronunciation: [ber\u02c8nardo \u02ccbw\u0254nta\u02c8l\u025bnti]), byname of Bernardo Delle Girandole (c. 1531 \u2013 June 1608), was an Italian stage designer, architect, theatrical designer, military engineer and artist.", "Q357515": "Michael Whitaker Smith (born October 7, 1957) is an American musician, who has charted in both contemporary Christian and mainstream charts. His biggest success in mainstream music was in 1991 when \"Place in This World\" hit No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100. Over the course of his career, he has sold more than 18 million albums.Smith is a three-time Grammy Award winner, an American Music Award recipient, and has earned 45 Dove Awards. In 1999, ASCAP awarded him with the \"Golden Note\" Award for lifetime achievement in songwriting, and in 2014 they honored him as the \"cornerstone of Christian music\" for his significant influence on the genre. He also has recorded 31 No. 1 Hit songs, fourteen gold albums, and five platinum albums. He has also starred in two films and published 14 books including This Is Your Time, which he worked with Christian author Gary Thomas to write.", "Q235384": "Leonor Elizabeth Ceballos Watling (born 28 July 1975) is a Spanish film actress and singer.", "Q3037157": "Dorothy Adams (January 8, 1900 \u2013 March 16, 1988) was an American character actress of stage, film and television.", "Q320945": "Thomas Ellis Gibson (born July 3, 1962) is an American actor and director. He portrayed Daniel Nyland in the CBS television series Chicago Hope, Greg Montgomery in the ABC television series Dharma & Greg and Aaron Hotchner in the CBS television series Criminal Minds (2005\u20132016).\n\n", "Q331690": "Apache Fury (Spanish: El hombre de la diligencia meaning \"man of the stage\", Italian: La furia degli Apache) is a 1964 Italian-Spanish Spaghetti Western directed and co-written by Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Elorrieta. It was based on a novel by Eduardo Guzman.", "Q961107": "Ioan Slavici (Romanian pronunciation: [i\u02c8o\u032fan \u02c8slavit\u0361\u0283\u02b2]; January 18, 1848 \u2013 August 17, 1925) was a Transylvanian, later Romanian writer and journalist. He made his debut in Convorbiri literare (\"Literary Conversations\") (1871), with the comedy Fata de bir\u0103u (\"The Mayor's Daughter\"). Alongside Eminescu he founded the Young Romania Social and Literary Academic Society and organized, in 1871, the Putna Celebration of the Romanian Students from Romania and from abroad.\nAt the end of 1874, he settled in Bucharest, where he became secretary of the Hurmuzachi Collection Committee, then he became a professor, and then an editor of the newspaper Timpul (\"The Time\"). Alongside I. L. Caragiale and G. Co\u015fbuc, he edited the Vatra (\"The Hearth\") review. During the first World War, he collaborated at the newspapers Ziua (\"The Day\") and Gazeta Bucure\u0219tilor (\"The Bucharest Gazette\"). He was awarded the Romanian Academy Award (1903).", "Q379830": "Edison Koon-hei Chen (born 7 October 1980) is a Canadian-born Hong Kong actor, singer, rapper, and fashion designer. \nHaving made his debut in the Hong Kong music industry in 1999, he released a number of Cantopop and Mandopop albums under the record company Emperor Entertainment Group before finally making his first hip-hop album in Cantonese with the critically acclaimed 2004 release of Please Steal This Album. He followed this up with the 2005 Cantonese hip-hop album Hazy: The 144 Hour Project and the 2007 Mandarin hip-hop album Allow Me To Re-Introduce Myself. On 21 February 2008 he publicly announced that he intended to step away \"indefinitely\" from the Hong Kong entertainment industry due to the sex photo scandal in 2008, in which numerous photographs of his naked body and private parts, and those of several Hong Kong Chinese actresses, were published online. He returned in 2010 but other than a brief cameo in the 2014 film Golden Chickensss, he did not make a complete comeback to the Hong Kong film industry until 2016. Musically, Chen has since cemented his place in Chinese hip-hop with his 2010 comeback album Confusion, in addition to several successful studio albums since then.", "Q639749": "Francesco Solari (c. 1415 \u2013 1469) was an Italian sculptor, architect and engineer.\nHe was born in Milan, the son of Giovanni Solari and the brother of Guiniforte Solari.\nAround 1445 he is known to be working in decorations for the church of the Villa in Castiglione Olona, the Duomo of Milan and the Certosa of Pavia, where Guiniforte was director of the works. Starting from 1460 he was master to Giovanni Antonio Amadeo.\nHe died in Milan in 1469.", "Q158852": "Conducting is the art of directing a musical performance, such as an orchestral or choral concert. It has been defined as \"the art of directing the simultaneous performance of several players or singers by the use of gesture.\" The primary duties of the conductor are to interpret the score in a way which reflects the specific indications in that score, set the tempo, ensure correct entries by ensemble members, and \"shape\" the phrasing where appropriate. Conductors communicate with their musicians primarily through hand gestures, usually with the aid of a baton, and may use other gestures or signals such as eye contact. A conductor usually supplements their direction with verbal instructions to their musicians in rehearsal.The conductor typically stands on a raised podium with a large music stand for the full score, which contains the musical notation for all the instruments or voices. Since the mid-19th century, most conductors have not played an instrument when conducting, although in earlier periods of classical music history, leading an ensemble while playing an instrument was common. In Baroque music from the 1600s to the 1750s, the group would typically be led by the harpsichordist or first violinist (see concertmaster), an approach that in modern times has been revived by several music directors for music from this period. Conducting while playing a piano or synthesizer may also be done with musical theatre pit orchestras. Communication is typically non-verbal during a performance (this is strictly the case in art music, but in jazz big bands or large pop ensembles, there may be occasional spoken instructions, such as a \"count in\"). However, in rehearsals, frequent interruptions allow the conductor to give verbal directions as to how the music should be played or sung.\nConductors act as guides to the orchestras or choirs they conduct. They choose the works to be performed and study their scores, to which they may make certain adjustments (such as in tempo, articulation, phrasing, repetitions of sections), work out their interpretation, and relay their vision to the performers. They may also attend to organizational matters, such as scheduling rehearsals, planning a concert season, hearing auditions and selecting members, and promoting their ensemble in the media. Orchestras, choirs, concert bands, and other sizable musical ensembles such as big bands are usually led by conductors.", "Q959498": "Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Viscount of Pastrana (January 30, 1771 \u2013 July 6, 1816) was a Neogranadine (now Colombian) scientist, journalist, and politician who presided over the Constituent College of Cundinamarca and was elected President of Cundinamarca in 1811.", "Q2975633": "In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, film, and video that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from youth to adulthood (\"coming of age\"). Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action, and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.", "Q1094091": "Eugene \"Gene\" Francis Haas (born November 12, 1952) is founder, president, and sole stockholder of Haas Automation, a CNC machine tool manufacturer. He also has a presence in motorsports, having founded NASCAR team Haas CNC Racing (now known as Stewart-Haas Racing) and the Formula One team, Haas F1 Team.\n\n", "Q15002": "Leonard Clemence \"Leo\" Tindemans (Dutch: [\u02c8le\u02d0jo\u02d0 \u02c8t\u026and\u0259m\u0251ns] (listen); 16 April 1922 \u2013 26 December 2014) was a Belgian politician. He served as the 43rd Prime Minister of Belgium serving from 25 April 1974 until he resigned as minister on 20 October 1978. He was a member of the Christian Democratic and Flemish party.", "Q91316": "Hans Ritter von Lex was a German political figure and the President of the German Red Cross (German: Deutsches Rotes Kreuz) from 1961 to 1967. He was born Hans Lex on October 27, 1893 in Rosenheim, Upper Bavaria, Germany. He died February 26, 1970 in Munich, Germany.", "Q179888": "Aristide Pierre Henri Briand (French: [a\u0281istid pj\u025b\u0281 \u0251\u0303\u0281i b\u0281ij\u0251\u0303]; 28 March 1862 \u2013 7 March 1932) was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic. He is mainly remembered for his focus on international issues and reconciliation politics during the interwar period (1918\u20131939).\nIn 1926, he received the Nobel Peace Prize along with German Foreign minister Gustav Stresemann for the realization of the Locarno Treaties, which aimed at reconciliation between France and Germany after the First World War. To avoid another worldwide conflict, he was instrumental in the agreement known as the Kellogg\u2013Briand Pact of 1929, as well to establish a \"European Union\" in 1929. However, all his efforts were compromised by the rise of nationalistic and revanchist ideas like Nazism and Fascism following the Great Depression.", "Q1397252": "Renzo Rossellini (2 February 1908 \u2013 13 May 1982) was an Italian composer, best known for his film scores.\nBorn in Rome, he was brother of director Roberto Rossellini and father of producer Franco Rossellini. He died in Monte Carlo.\nHe composed the scores of his brother's films, and others such as The Children Are Watching Us and Il segno di Venere.\nHe also wrote several ballets, oratorios, cantatas, four operas\u2014La Guerra (1956), Il vortice (1958), Uno sguardo dal ponte (1961), L'Annonce faite \u00e0 Marie (1970)\u2014, symphonies, chamber music, and songs.", "Q64837": "Felben-Wellhausen is a municipality in the district of Frauenfeld in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.\nThe municipality was created in 1983 by a merger of Felben and Wellhausen.", "Q98454": "Leopold Friedrich G\u00fcnther von Goeckingk, also G\u00f6ckingk (13 July 1748 \u2013 18 February 1828) was a German lyric poet, journalist, and Prussian official.", "Q128379": "David Prowse MBE (born 1 July 1935) is a retired English bodybuilder, weightlifter and character actor in British film and television. Worldwide, he is best known for physically portraying Darth Vader in the original Star Wars trilogy (with the character's voice being performed by James Earl Jones), and in 2015 starred in a documentary concerning that role, entitled I Am Your Father. Prior to his role as Vader, Prowse had established himself as a prominent figure in British culture as the first Green Cross Code man, a character used in British road safety advertising aimed at children.", "Q6692608": "The Salt Lake City Cemetery is a cemetery in northeastern Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, that is one of the largest city-operated cemeteries in the United States.", "Q660628": "Lausanne District (French: District de Lausanne) is a district in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. The seat of the district is the city of Lausanne.", "Q3380157": "Ultraviolet is a 1998 British television series written and directed by Joe Ahearne and starring Jack Davenport, Susannah Harker, Idris Elba and Philip Quast. The music was composed and performed by Sue Hewitt. The programme was produced by World Productions for Channel 4.", "Q43250": "The Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police), abbreviated Gestapo, was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe.\nThe force was created by Hermann G\u00f6ring in 1933 by combining the various security police agencies of Prussia into one organisation. Beginning on 20 April 1934, it passed to the administration of Schutzstaffel (SS) national leader Heinrich Himmler, who in 1936 was appointed Chief of German Police (Chef der Deutschen Polizei) by Hitler. The Gestapo at this time became a national rather than a Prussian state agency as a sub-office of the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo; Security Police). Then, from 27 September 1939 forward, it was administered by the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA; Reich Main Security Office). It became known as Amt (Dept) 4 of the RSHA and was considered a sister organisation to the Sicherheitsdienst (SD; Security Service). During World War II, the Gestapo played a key role in the Nazi plan to exterminate the Jews of Europe.\n\n", "Q101933": "Eduard von der Hellen (October 27, 1863 \u2013 December 17, 1927) was a German archivist, editor and writer.\nVon der Hellen was archivist at the Goethe Archives (later Goethe-Schiller Archives) in Weimar, and a former colleague of Rudolf Steiner.", "Q379824": "Tadanobu Sat\u014d (\u4f50\u85e4 \u5fe0\u4fe1, Sat\u014d Tadanobu, born November 27, 1973), better known by his stage name Tadanobu Asano (\u6d45\u91ce \u5fe0\u4fe1, Asano Tadanobu), is a Japanese actor and musician.\nHe is known for his roles as Dragon Eye Morrison in Electric Dragon 80.000 V, Kakihara in Ichi the Killer, Mamoru Arita in Bright Future, Hattori Genosuke in Zatoichi, Kenji in Last Life in the Universe, A man in Survive Style 5+, Ayano in The Taste of Tea, Temujin in Mongol, Captain Yugi Nagata in Battleship, Lord Kira Yoshinaka in the 47 Ronin, and Hogun in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, based on the Marvel Comics character. In 2016, he appeared as the Interpreter in Martin Scorsese's Silence. Three years later, he portrayed Rear Admiral Tamon Yamaguchi in Midway (2019).", "Q53043": "Giovanni Pastrone, also known by his artistic name Piero Fosco (13 September 1883 - 27 June 1959), was an Italian film pioneer, director, screenwriter, actor and technician.\nPastrone was born in Montechiaro d'Asti. He worked during the era of the silent film and influenced many important directors in the international cinema with Cabiria, such as David Wark Griffith, in his Birth of a Nation (1915) and Intolerance (1916).\nMartin Scorsese believes that Pastrone's work in Cabiria can be considered as the invention of the epic movie and he deserves credit for many of the innovations often attributed to D.W. Griffith and Cecil B. DeMille. Among those was the extensive use of a moving camera, thus freeing the feature-length narrative film from \"static gaze\".\nHe died in Turin on 27 June 1959.", "Q125885": "Anna Borysivna Fedorova (Ukrainian: \u0410\u0301\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0424\u0435\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430; born 27 February 1990) is a Ukrainian concert pianist. Fedorova performs as soloist, chamber musician and with symphony orchestras in the major concert halls of the Netherlands, Germany, France, Italy, UK, Ukraine, Poland, US, Mexico, Argentina, and Asia. Fedorova is a David Young Piano Prize Holder supported by a Soiree d\u2019Or Award and Keyboard Trust.", "Q315732": "The Producers is a 1967 American satirical black comedy film written and directed by Mel Brooks and starring Zero Mostel, Gene Wilder, Dick Shawn, and Kenneth Mars. The film is about a theater producer and his accountant who, as part of a scam, have to stage the worst stage musical they can create. They eventually base it on Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. Because of this theme The Producers was controversial from the start and received mixed reviews. It became a cult movie and found a more positive critical reception later. \nThe Producers was Brooks's directorial debut. For the film, he won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. 25 years later, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry and placed eleventh on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs list. It was later adapted by Brooks and Thomas Meehan as a stage musical, which itself was adapted into a film.", "Q258140": "Isabel Gilberto de Oliveira (born May 12, 1966), known as Bebel Gilberto, is a Brazilian-American popular singer often associated with bossa nova. She is the daughter of Jo\u00e3o Gilberto and singer Mi\u00facha. Her uncle is singer/composer Chico Buarque. Gilberto has been performing since her youth in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "Q326": "Eduardo Alfredo Juan Bernardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (Spanish pronunciation: [e\u02c8\u00f0wa\u027e\u00f0o al\u02c8f\u027ee\u00f0o \u02c8xwan \u03b2e\u027e\u02c8na\u027e\u00f0o \u02c8f\u027eej \u02c8rwis \u02c8ta\u0263le]; born June 24, 1942) is a Chilean politician and civil engineer who was President of Chile from 1994 to 2000. He was also a Senator, fulfilling the role of President of the Senate from 2006 to 2008. He attempted a comeback as the candidate of the ruling Concertaci\u00f3n coalition for the 2009 presidential election, but was narrowly defeated. His father was Eduardo Frei Montalva, who was President of Chile from 1964 to 1970.", "Q236699": "Julian (or Juliana) of Norwich, also known as Dame Julian or Mother Julian (1343 \u2013 after 1416), was an English anchorite of the Middle Ages. She wrote the earliest surviving book in the English language to be written by a woman, Revelations of Divine Love.\nShe lived practically her whole life in the English city of Norwich, an important centre for commerce that also had a vibrant religious life. During her lifetime, the city suffered the devastating effects of the Black Death of 1348\u201350; the Peasants' Revolt, which affected large parts of England in 1381; and the suppression of the Lollards. In 1373, aged thirty and so seriously ill she thought she was on her deathbed, Julian received a series of visions or \"shewings\" of the Passion of Christ. She recovered from her illness and wrote two versions of her experiences, the earlier one being completed soon after her recovery, and a much longer version, today known as the Long Text, being written many years later.\nFor much of her life, Julian lived in permanent seclusion as an anchoress in her cell, which was attached to St Julian's Church, Norwich. Four wills in which sums were bequeathed to her have survived, and an account by the celebrated mystic Margery Kempe exists, which provides details of the counsel she was given by the anchoress.\nNothing is known for certain about Julian's actual name, family, or education, or of her life prior to her becoming an anchoress. Preferring to write anonymously, and seeking isolation from the world, she was nevertheless influential in her own lifetime. Her manuscripts were carefully preserved by Brigittine and Benedictine nuns, all the scribes but one being women. The Protestant Reformation prevented their publication in print for a very long time. The Long Text was first published in 1670 by the Benedictine Serenus de Cressy, under the title XVI Revelations of Divine Love, shewed to a devout servant of Our Lord, called Mother Juliana, an Anchorete of Norwich: Who lived in the Dayes of King Edward the Third. Cressey's book was reissued by George Hargreaves Parker in 1843, and a modernised version of the text was published by J. T. Hecker in 1864. The work emerged from obscurity in 1901 when a manuscript in the British Museum was transcribed and published with notes by Grace Warrack. Since then many more translations of Revelations of Divine Love (also known under other titles) have been produced. Julian is today considered to be an important Christian mystic and theologian.", "Q965375": "G\u00e9rard de Villiers (French: [\u0292e\u0281a\u0281 d\u0259 vilje]; 8 December 1929 \u2013 31 October 2013) was a French writer, journalist and publisher whose SAS series of spy novels have been major bestsellers. According to the New York Times, \"His works have been translated and are especially popular in Germany, Russia, Turkey, and Japan. The SAS series has sold a reported 120 million copies worldwide, which would make it one of the top-selling series in history, on a par with Ian Fleming's James Bond books. SAS may be the longest-running fiction series ever written by a single author.\"De Villiers' books are well known in French-speaking countries for their in-depth insider knowledge of such subjects as espionage, geopolitics, and terrorist threats, as well as their hard-core sex scenes. \nVintage Books worked with his estate to publish his books in English translations posthumously, beginning in 2014 with The Madmen of Benghazi and Chaos in Kabul, Revenge of the Kremlin in 2015, and Lord of the Swallows in February 2016. Surface to Air was published in June 2016. All were translated by veteran literary translator William Rodarmor and bought de Villiers and his hero Malko Linge to English-speaking readers.\n\n", "Q1274863": "Sir William Burrell (9 July 1861 \u2013 29 March 1958) was a Scottish shipping merchant and philanthropist. A collector of antiques, he donated his vast collection to the city of Glasgow, leading to the creation of the Burrell Collection art museum.", "Q11270": "Fulgencio Batista y Zald\u00edvar (; Spanish: [ful\u02c8xensjo \u03b2a\u02c8tista i sal\u02c8di\u03b2a\u027e]; born Rub\u00e9n Zald\u00edvar; January 16, 1901 \u2013 August 6, 1973) was a Cuban military officer and politician who served as the elected President of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, and as its U.S.-backed military dictator from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown during the Cuban Revolution. Batista initially rose to power as part of the 1933 Revolt of the Sergeants, which overthrew the provisional government of Carlos Manuel de C\u00e9spedes y Quesada. He then appointed himself chief of the armed forces, with the rank of colonel, and effectively controlled the five-member \"pentarchy\" that functioned as the collective head of state. He maintained this control through a string of puppet presidents until 1940, when he was himself elected President of Cuba on a populist platform. He then instated the 1940 Constitution of Cuba and served until 1944. After finishing his term he lived in Florida, returning to Cuba to run for president in 1952. Facing certain electoral defeat, he led a military coup against President Carlos Pr\u00edo Socarr\u00e1s that preempted the election.Back in power, and receiving financial, military, and logistical support from the United States government, Batista suspended the 1940 Constitution and revoked most political liberties, including the right to strike. He then aligned with the wealthiest landowners who owned the largest sugar plantations, and presided over a stagnating economy that widened the gap between rich and poor Cubans. Eventually it reached the point where most of the sugar industry was in U.S. hands, and foreigners owned 70% of the arable land. As such, Batista's repressive government then began to systematically profit from the exploitation of Cuba's commercial interests, by negotiating lucrative relationships with both the American Mafia, who controlled the drug, gambling, and prostitution businesses in Havana, and with large U.S.-based multinational companies who were awarded lucrative contracts. To quell the growing discontent amongst the populace\u2014which was subsequently displayed through frequent student riots and demonstrations\u2014Batista established tighter censorship of the media, while also utilizing his Bureau for the Repression of Communist Activities secret police to carry out wide-scale violence, torture and public executions. These murders mounted in 1957, as Fidel Castro gained more publicity and influence. Many people were killed, with estimates ranging from hundreds to about 20,000 people killed.Catalyzing the resistance to such tactics, for two years (December 1956 \u2013 December 1958) Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement and other nationalist rebelling elements led an urban and rural-based guerrilla uprising against Batista's government, which culminated in his eventual defeat by rebels under the command of Che Guevara at the Battle of Santa Clara on New Year's Day 1959. Batista immediately fled the island with an amassed personal fortune to the Dominican Republic, where strongman and previous military ally Rafael Trujillo held power. Batista eventually found political asylum in Oliveira Salazar's Portugal, where he first lived on the island of Madeira and then in Estoril, outside Lisbon. He was involved in business activities in Spain and was staying there in Guadalmina near Marbella at the time of his death from a heart attack on August 6, 1973.", "Q70842": "Johannes Schlaf (June 21, 1862 in Querfurt \u2013 February 2, 1941 in Querfurt) was a German playwright, author, and translator and an important exponent of Naturalism. As a translator he was important for exposing the German-speaking world to the works of Walt Whitman, \u00c9mile Verhaeren and \u00c9mile Zola and is known as a founder of the \"Whitman Cult\" in Germany. His literary achievements lie foremost in the scenic-dialogue innovations of \"sequential naturalism\" and in the formalization of literary impressionism. He also contributed to the emergence of the \"intimate theater.\"\nSome of his poems have been set to music by composers Alban Berg and Arnold Schoenberg.\nHe is sometimes mistakenly cited for coining the term \"The Third Reich\" in relation to Nazism because of his 1906 novel by that name. The Nazi use of the term comes from a 1923 book Das Dritte Reich by Arthur Moeller van den Bruck.", "Q61797": "Prince Hermann Ludwig Heinrich von P\u00fcckler-Muskau (listen ; born as Count P\u00fcckler, from 1822 Prince; 30 October 1785 \u2013 4 February 1871) was a German nobleman, renowned as an accomplished artist in landscape gardening, as well as the author of a number of books mainly centering around his travels in Europe and Northern Africa, published under the pen name of \"Semilasso\".", "Q877003": "Nishi-ku (\u897f\u533a) is one of the five wards of Kumamoto City, Japan. Meaning literally \"west ward,\" it is bordered by the Kita-ku, Ch\u016b\u014d-ku, Minami-ku and also by the city of Tamana and the town of Gyokut\u014d. As of 2012, it has a population of 93,394 people and an area of 88.21 km2. \nNishi-ku will host group games at the 2019 World Women's Handball Championship.", "Q529290": "Marguerite Higgins Hall (September 3, 1920 \u2013 January 3, 1966) was an American reporter and war correspondent. Higgins covered World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, and in the process advanced the cause of equal access for female war correspondents. She had a long career with the New York Herald Tribune (1942\u20131963), and later, as a syndicated columnist for Newsday (1963\u20131965). She was the first woman to win a Pulitzer Prize for Foreign Correspondence awarded in 1951 for her coverage of the Korean War. In Phil Pisani's book \"Maggies Wars\" the main character is based on the life of Marguerite Higgins.", "Q3101383": "Sir George Alexander Drummond, (11 October 1829 \u2013 2 February 1910) was a Scottish-Canadian businessman and senator.", "Q17167": "Roman Republic (Latin: R\u0113s p\u016bblica R\u014dm\u0101na, Classical Latin: [\u02c8re\u02d0s \u02c8pu\u02d0bl\u026aka ro\u02d0\u02c8ma\u02d0na]) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world.\nRoman society under the Republic was a cultural mix of Latin, Etruscan, and Greek elements, which is especially visible in the Roman Pantheon. Its political organisation was strongly influenced by the Greek city states of Magna Graecia, with collective and annual magistracies, overseen by a senate. The top magistrates were the two consuls, who had an extensive range of executive, legislative, judicial, military, and religious powers. While there were elections each year, the Republic was not a democracy, but an oligarchy, as a small number of powerful families (called gentes) monopolised the main magistracies. Roman institutions underwent considerable changes throughout the Republic to adapt to the difficulties it faced, such as the creation of promagistracies to rule its conquered provinces, or the composition of the senate.\nUnlike the Pax Romana of the Roman Empire, the Republic was in a state of quasi-perpetual war throughout its existence. Its first enemies were its Latin and Etruscan neighbours as well as the Gauls, who even sacked the city in 387 BC. The Republic nonetheless demonstrated extreme resilience and always managed to overcome its losses, however catastrophic. After the Gallic Sack, Rome conquered the whole Italian peninsula in a century, which turned the Republic into a major power in the Mediterranean. The Republic's greatest enemy was doubtless Carthage, against which it waged three wars. The Punic general Hannibal famously invaded Italy by crossing the Alps and inflicted on Rome two devastating defeats at Lake Trasimene and Cannae, but the Republic once again recovered and won the war thanks to Scipio Africanus at the Battle of Zama in 202 BC. With Carthage defeated, Rome became the dominant power of the ancient Mediterranean world. It then embarked on a long series of difficult conquests, after having notably defeated Philip V and Perseus of Macedon, Antiochus III of the Seleucid Empire, the Lusitanian Viriathus, the Numidian Jugurtha, the Pontic king Mithridates VI, the Gaul Vercingetorix, and the Egyptian queen Cleopatra.\nAt home, the Republic similarly experienced a long streak of social and political crises, which ended in several violent civil wars. At first, the Conflict of the Orders opposed the patricians, the closed oligarchic elite, to the far more numerous plebs, who finally achieved political equality in several steps during the 4th century BC. Later, the vast conquests of the Republic disrupted its society, as the immense influx of slaves they brought enriched the aristocracy, but ruined the peasantry and urban workers. In order to solve this issue, several social reformers, known as the Populares, tried to pass agrarian laws, but the Gracchi brothers, Saturninus, or Clodius Pulcher were all murdered by their opponents, the Optimates, keepers of the traditional aristocratic order. Mass slavery also caused three Servile Wars; the last of them was led by Spartacus, a skilful gladiator who ravaged Italy and left Rome powerless until his defeat in 71 BC. In this context, the last decades of the Republic were marked by the rise of great generals, who exploited their military conquests and the factional situation in Rome to gain control of the political system. Marius (between 105\u201386 BC), then Sulla (between 82\u201378 BC) dominated in turn the Republic; both used extraordinary powers to purge their opponents. These multiple tensions led to a series of civil wars; the first between the two generals Julius Caesar and Pompey. Despite his victory and appointment as dictator for life, Caesar was murdered in 44 BC. Caesar's heir Octavian and lieutenant Mark Antony defeated Caesar's assassins Brutus and Cassius in 42 BC, but then turned against each other. The final defeat of Mark Antony and his ally Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and the Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian as Augustus in 27 BC \u2013 which effectively made him the first Roman emperor \u2013 thus ended the Republic.", "Q284995": "Laouni Mouhid (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u062f\u200e, pronounced [la\u02d0wni\u02d0 mu\u02d0\u0127i\u02d0d]; born December 25, 1981 in Trappes, \u00cele-de-France), commonly known by his stage name La Fouine (French pronunciation: \u200b[la \u02c8fwin]; lit.\u2009'The Weasel'), is a French-Moroccan rapper, singer-songwriter and record producer.\nHe is owner of Banlieue Sale and clothing line \"Street Swagg\".", "Q708594": "Herman Watzinger was a Norwegian engineer in the area of cooling technique from NTH (now NTNU) in Trondheim and a crewmember on the Kon-Tiki expedition. He was also a Milorg member during the Second World War operation Polar Bear II, which was brought to Trondheim by Captain Leif Hauge.", "Q364875": "Todd Harry Rundgren (born June 22, 1948) is an American multi-instrumentalist, singer, songwriter, and record producer who has performed a diverse range of styles as a solo artist and as a member of the band Utopia. He is known for his sophisticated and often-unorthodox music, his occasionally lavish stage shows, and his later experiments with interactive entertainment. He also produced music videos and was an early adopter and promoter of various computer technologies, such as using the Internet as a means of music distribution in the late 1990s.A native of Philadelphia, Rundgren began his professional career in the mid 1960s, forming the psychedelic band Nazz in 1967. Two years later, he left Nazz to pursue a solo career and immediately scored his first US top 40 hit with \"We Gotta Get You a Woman\" (1970). His best-known songs include \"Hello It's Me\" and \"I Saw the Light\" from Something/Anything? (1972), which get frequent air time on classic rock radio stations, and the 1983 single \"Bang the Drum All Day\", which is featured in many sports arenas, commercials, and movie trailers. Although lesser known, \"Couldn't I Just Tell You\" (1972) was influential to many artists in the power pop genre. His 1973 album A Wizard, a True Star remains an influence on later generations of bedroom musicians.Rundgren is considered a pioneer in the fields of electronic music, progressive rock, music videos, computer software, and Internet music delivery. He organized the first interactive television concert in 1978, designed the first color graphics tablet in 1980, and created the first interactive album, No World Order, in 1994. Additionally, he was one of the first acts to be prominent as both an artist and producer. His notable production credits include Badfinger's Straight Up (1971), Grand Funk Railroad's We're an American Band (1973), the New York Dolls' New York Dolls (1973), Meat Loaf's Bat Out of Hell (1977) and XTC's Skylarking (1986).", "Q3356511": "The Norwegian National Academy of Arts (Norwegian: Statens kunstakademi) is a Norwegian Academy offering studies in the area of Fine Art. The Academy currently offers 3-year bachelor and 2-year MA programmes. The \"Norwegian National Academy of the Arts\" is still referred to simply as Kunstakademiet or the Art Academy amongst both Staff and students.", "Q737764": "Piotr W\u0142odzimierz Kozieradzki (born 23 May 1970, Warsaw), also known as Mitloff, is a Polish musician and drummer. He has contributed to bands such as Riverside, Hate, Thunderbolt, Kataxu, Swastyka, Goetia, Dark Prophecies, and Domain.Piotr Kozieradzki is endorsed by Czarcie Kopyto and Paiste. He also uses DW drums, Remo drumheads, and Pearl hardware.Since 2010 owns and runs ProgTeam Management.", "Q113489": "Ingeburg \"Inge\" Lange (24 July 1927 \u2013 13 July 2013) was an East German politician.Along with Margarete M\u00fcller and Margot Honecker she was one of a small number of women to reach the higher ranks in the country's power structure. She was the leader of the Women Department of the Central Committee of the country's ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED / Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands). She played a central role in liberalising East German Abortion laws.", "Q663447": "Fyodor Grigorievich Volkov (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432) (20 February [O.S. 9 February] 1729 in Kostroma \u2013 15 April [O.S. 4 April] 1763 in Moscow) was a Russian actor and founder of the first permanent Russian theater.", "Q4530468": "MSU Faculty of Economics is a faculty of the Moscow State University. It is one of the main educational centres in Russian Federation, preparing qualified economists with broad university education.\nIn 2005, the faculty included 350 teachers and research associates. 62 of them hold Doctor of Sciences degree and 208 are Candidates of Sciences. There are 21 different academic departments and 14 research laboratories. The faculty also provides additional educational programs for school kids and qualified specialists.\nDean of the faculty - professor A.A. Auzan (elected in 2013).", "Q1440023": "Sir James Arthur Ratcliffe (born 18 October 1952) is a British billionaire chemical engineer turned financier and industrialist. Ratcliffe is the chairman and chief executive officer of the Ineos chemicals group, which he founded in 1998 and of which he still owns two-thirds, and which has been estimated to have a turnover of $80 billion. He does not have a high public profile, and has been described by The Sunday Times as \"publicity shy\". On 13 May 2018 he was named as the richest person in the UK, with a net worth of \u00a321.05 billion.", "Q4028": "Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13, 1941) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and actor. Simon's musical career has spanned seven decades. He reached fame and commercial success as half of the duo Simon & Garfunkel, formed in 1956 with Art Garfunkel. Simon wrote nearly all of their songs, including US number-one singles \"The Sound of Silence\", \"Mrs. Robinson\", and \"Bridge over Troubled Water\".After Simon & Garfunkel split up in 1970, at the height of their popularity, Simon began a successful solo career. He recorded three acclaimed albums over the following five years. In 1986, following a career slump, he released Graceland, an album inspired by South African township music, which sold 14 million copies worldwide and remains his most popular solo work. Simon also wrote and starred in the film One-Trick Pony (1980) and co-wrote the Broadway musical The Capeman (1998) with the poet Derek Walcott. On June 3, 2016, Simon released his 13th solo album, Stranger to Stranger, which debuted at number one on the Billboard Album Chart and the UK Albums Chart.\nSimon has earned sixteen Grammy awards for his solo and collaborative work, including three for Album of the Year (Bridge Over Troubled Water, Still Crazy After All These Years, and Graceland), and a Lifetime Achievement Award. He is a two time inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: first in 1990 as a member of Simon & Garfunkel and again in 2001 for his solo career. In 2006 he was selected as one of the \"100 People Who Shaped the World\" by Time. In 2011, Rolling Stone named Simon one of the 100 greatest guitarists, and in 2015 he was ranked eighth in their list of the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time. Simon was the first recipient of the Library of Congress's Gershwin Prize for Popular Song in 2007.", "Q29089": "Shar\u012bf \u2018Al\u012b ibn \u2018Ajl\u0101n ibn Rumaithah ibn Mu\u1e25ammad (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0634\u0640\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0641 \u0639\u0640\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0640\u0646 \u0639\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0640\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0640\u064a\u0640\u062b\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0640\u0646 \u0645\u0640\u062d\u0640\u0645\u0640\u062f\u200e) (also known as Barkat Ali or Blessed Ali) was the third Sultan of Brunei, and son-in-law of the second Sultan of Brunei, Sultan Ahmad. He was also a scholar of Arab descent, originating from Ta'if in the Hejaz.", "Q58670": "Princess Charlotte of Prussia (Viktoria Elisabeth Auguste Charlotte; 24 July 1860 \u2013 1 October 1919) was Duchess Consort of Saxe-Meiningen as the wife of Bernhard III, the duchy's last ruler. Born at the Neues Palais in Potsdam, she was the second child and eldest daughter of Prince Frederick of Prussia, a member of the House of Hohenzollern who became Crown Prince of Prussia in 1861 and German Emperor in 1888. Through her mother Victoria, Princess Royal, Charlotte was the eldest granddaughter of the British monarch Queen Victoria and her consort Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.\nPrincess Charlotte was a difficult child and indifferent student, with a nervous disposition. Her relationship with her demanding mother was strained. As she grew older, Charlotte developed a penchant for spreading gossip and causing trouble. Eager to escape from parental control, at age seventeen, she married Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Meiningen in 1878. Her husband's weak-willed personality had little effect on her. Known for spreading gossip and her eccentric personality, Princess Charlotte enjoyed Berlin society while frequently leaving her only child, Princess Feodora, in the care of family members. Charlotte and Feodora, in turn, also had a difficult relationship.\nCharlotte's brother succeeded their father as Emperor Wilhelm II in 1888, increasing her social influence. Throughout her brother's reign, she was known for her mischief-making, and spent her life in between bouts of illness, in frivolous and extravagant pursuits. She became Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen in 1914, only for her husband to lose his title with the end of World War I in 1918. Charlotte died the following year of a heart attack in Baden-Baden. She had suffered from a lifetime of ill-health. Most historians now believe she had porphyria, a genetic disease that afflicted other members of the British Royal Family.", "Q57543": "Sprent Arumogo Dabwido (16 September 1972 \u2013 8 May 2019) was a Nauruan politician who served as the President of Nauru between 2011 and 2013, and was also a weightlifter. The son of a parliamentarian, Dabwido was originally elected to the Meneng Constituency in the Parliament of Nauru at the 2004 elections. Having served as Minister for Telecommunications in Marcus Stephen's government from 2009, Dabwido joined the Nauruan opposition faction in November 2011 after Stephen's resignation, and, having passed a motion of no confidence against interim president Freddie Pitcher, was elected president four days later. In his role as president, Dabwido functioned as chairman of the Cabinet of Nauru, and held various portfolios in the Nauruan government.\n\n", "Q1356368": "John Hopkinson, FRS, (27 July 1849 \u2013 27 August 1898) was a British physicist, electrical engineer, Fellow of the Royal Society and President of the IEE (now the IET) twice in 1890 and 1896. He invented the three-wire (three-phase) system for the distribution of electrical power, for which he was granted a patent in 1882. He also worked in many areas of electromagnetism and electrostatics, and in 1890 was appointed professor of electrical engineering at King's College London, where he was also director of the Siemens Laboratory.Hopkinson's law, the magnetic counterpart to Ohm's law, is named after him.", "Q257515": "Plan 9 from Outer Space is a 1959 American independent science-fiction horror film written, produced, directed, and edited by Ed Wood; starring Gregory Walcott, Mona McKinnon, Tor Johnson, and \"Vampira\" (Maila Nurmi); and narrated by Criswell. It also posthumously bills Bela Lugosi as a guest-star (silent footage of the actor had actually been shot by Wood for another, unfinished film just prior to Lugosi's death in August 1956). Other guest-stars are Hollywood veterans Lyle Talbot, who claimed that he never refused any acting job, and former cowboy star Tom Keene. Plan 9 from Outer Space was released theatrically in 1959 by Distributors Corporation of America, which was credited as Valiant Pictures at the time. \nThe film's storyline concerns extraterrestrials who seek to stop humanity from creating a doomsday weapon that could destroy the universe. The aliens implement \"Plan 9\", a scheme to resurrect the Earth's dead, referred to as \"ghouls\". By causing chaos, the aliens hope the crisis will force humanity to listen to them; otherwise the aliens will destroy mankind with armies of the undead. The film was originally developed under the title Grave Robbers from Outer Space, but its financial backers objected to this title, considering it sacrilegious, and it was retitled Plan 9 from Outer Space prior to production.\nPlan 9 from Outer Space played on television in relative obscurity until 1980, when authors Harry Medved and Michael Medved dubbed it the \"worst film ever made\" in their book The Golden Turkey Awards. Wood and his film were posthumously given two Golden Turkey Awards for Worst Director Ever and Worst Film. It has since been retrospectively described as \"The epitome of so-bad-it's-good cinema\" and has gained a cult following.", "Q258626": "Dominika Paleta (born Dominika Paleta Paciorek October 23, 1972 in Krak\u00f3w, Poland) is a Polish-born Mexican actress.", "Q47750": "Lega Nord (LN; English: Northern League), whose complete name is Lega Nord per l'Indipendenza della Padania (Northern League for the Independence of Padania), is a political party in Italy. In the run-up of the 2018 general election, the party was rebranded as Lega (League) without changing its official name in the party's statute. The party was nonetheless frequently referred to only as \"Lega\" even before the rebranding, as well as Carroccio.\nThe LN was established in 1991 as a federation of six regional parties of northern and north-central Italy, including Liga Veneta, Lega Lombarda, Piemont Autonomista, Uniun Ligure, Lega Emiliano-Romagnola and Alleanza Toscana, which became the founding national sections. The party's founder was Umberto Bossi, federal secretary from 1991 to 2012. After an internal crisis and struggle, the LN was briefly led by Roberto Maroni, who was elected President of Lombardy in 2013. Consequently, Matteo Salvini defeated Bossi in a leadership election and became secretary.\nCurrently, Giancarlo Giorgetti and Lorenzo Fontana serve as deputy secretaries, while Roberto Calderoli coordinates the national sections. Leading members include Attilio Fontana (President of Lombardy), Luca Zaia (President of Veneto), Massimiliano Fedriga (President of Friuli-Venezia Giulia), Maurizio Fugatti (President of Trentino) and Donatella Tesei (President of Umbria). Former leading members include Gianfranco Miglio (the political scientist who developed the \"Padania\" concept), Franco Rocchetta (founder of Liga Veneta), Irene Pivetti (former president of the Chamber of Deputies), Gipo Farassino (founder of Piemont Autonomista) and Roberto Cota (former President of Piedmont).\nThe LN advocates the transformation of Italy into a federal state, fiscal federalism, regionalism and greater regional autonomy, especially for northern regions. At times, the party has advocated the secession of the North, referred to as \"Padania\", and consequently Padanian nationalism. The party has always opposed illegal immigration, especially when involving non-Europeans and Muslims. Under the leadership of Salvini, the party has redirected its focus on the latter issue. At the same time, the party began emphasizing Euroscepticism and other populist themes. Consequently, the party is a member of the Identity and Democracy Party at the European level. Additionally, Salvini established a sister party in southern Italy named Us with Salvini and for the 2018 general election restyled the party's symbol and name, dropping the word \"Nord\" and introducing \"Salvini Premier\". All these changes have been harshly criticised by Bossi and the Padanist old guard, which now operates from a minority position. However, under Salvini, the League has reached its highest popularity, both in the North and the rest of Italy. Furthermore, in northern regions the party still has a strong autonomist outlook, especially in Veneto where Venetian nationalism is stronger than ever before. Finally, the League maintains its power base in the North, where it gets most of its support.\nIn the 2018 general election, the League was the third-largest party behind the Five Star Movement (M5S) and the Democratic Party (PD), while in the 2019 European Parliament election became the largest. In the most recent regional elections, the LN was the largest party in Veneto, Lombardy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino, Piedmont, Abruzzo and Umbria, the second-largest in Aosta Valley, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Sardinia (where its ally, the Sardinian Action Party, came third) and Basilicata, as well as the third-largest in Liguria, Marche and South Tyrol.", "Q231690": "Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (14 April 1891 \u2013 6 December 1956), also known as Babasaheb Ambedkar, was an Indian jurist, economist, politician and social reformer who inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement and campaigned against social discrimination towards the untouchables (Dalits). He was independent India's first law and justice minister, the major architect of the Constitution of India.\nAmbedkar was a prolific student, earning doctorates in economics from both Columbia University and the London School of Economics, and gained a reputation as a scholar for his research in law, economics and political science. In his early career he was an economist, professor, and lawyer. His later life was marked by his political activities; he became involved in campaigning and negotiations for India's independence, publishing journals, advocating political rights and social freedom for Dalits, and contributing significantly to the establishment of the state of India. In 1956 he converted to Buddhism, initiating mass conversions of Dalits.In 1990, the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, was posthumously conferred upon Ambedkar. Ambedkar's legacy includes numerous memorials and depictions in popular culture.", "Q440": "Salvador Guillermo Allende Gossens (US: , UK: , American Spanish: [sal\u03b2a\u02c8\u00f0o\u027e \u0263i\u02c8\u029de\u027emo a\u02c8\u029dende \u02c8\u0263osens]; 26 June 1908 \u2013 11 September 1973) was a Chilean socialist politician and physician, President of Chile from 1970 until 1973, and head of the Popular Unity political coalition government; he was Latin America's first ever Marxist to be elected president in a country with liberal democracy.Allende's involvement in Chilean political life spanned a period of nearly forty years, having covered the posts of senator, deputy and cabinet minister. As a life-long committed member of the Socialist Party of Chile, whose foundation he had actively contributed to, he unsuccessfully ran for the national presidency in the 1952, 1958, and 1964 elections. In 1970, he won the presidency in a close three-way race. He was elected in a run-off by Congress as no candidate had gained a majority.\nOn 11 September 1973, the military moved to oust Allende in a coup d'\u00e9tat supported by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). As troops surrounded La Moneda Palace, he gave his last speech vowing not to resign. Later that day, Allende committed suicide with an AK-47 rifle gifted to him by Fidel Castro, according to an investigation conducted by a Chilean court with the assistance of international experts in 2011.Following Allende's death, General Augusto Pinochet refused to return authority to a civilian government, and Chile was later ruled by a military junta that was in power up until 1990, ending more than four decades of uninterrupted democratic governance. The military junta that took over dissolved the Congress of Chile, suspended the Constitution, and began a persecution of alleged dissidents, in which at least 3,095 civilians disappeared or were killed.", "Q166016": "Alexander Porter (June 24, 1785 \u2013 January 13, 1844) was an attorney, politician, and planter, who served as United States Senator from Louisiana from 1833 to 1837. Born in Ireland, he had immigrated in 1801 at the age of 16 to the United States. He served a term in the statehouse from 1816 to 1818, and as a state Supreme Court justice from 1821 to 1833.", "Q725360": "John David \"Moon\" Martin (born October 31, 1950) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist.", "Q88121": "Rudolf Glei\u00dfner, usually transcribed as Rudolf Gleissner, (born March 17, 1942 at N\u00fcrnberg) is a German cellist.\nHe studied cello in N\u00fcrnberg, Munich and Detmold with Andr\u00e9 Navarra, Enrico Mainardi and Pablo Casals. His musical ideas are mainly influenced by his work with Sergiu Celibidache.\nGlei\u00dfner started his career in 1968 as soloist at Radio-Sinfonieorchester Berlin. Following that he was First Solo Player at Radio-Sinfonieorchester Stuttgart until Spring 2007.\nHe has done a lot of concerts as chamber musician and was co-founder of the 'Stuttgarter Solisten' in 1970.\nSince 1978 he has been a professor at the University of Music and Performing Arts, Stuttgart.", "Q272965": "Gina Holden (born March 17, 1975) is a Canadian actress, perhaps best known for her roles as Coreen Fennel in Blood Ties, Dale Arden in Flash Gordon, and Shea Allen in Harper's Island.", "Q599553": "Malgorzata Gryniewicz, also known as Eleonora Gryniewicz (born on 8 December 1985 in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a) is a Polish film director of feature and documentary films, journalist, and casting director. The owner of film and advertising agency Hollylodz Stars HS, in 2001-2012 co-owner of Skysoundtrackstudio in Stockholm.The daughter of the famous Polish sculptor Wojciech Gryniewicz. At the beginning she wanted to study acting in National Film School in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, later she chose to study direction of a film. In years 2002-2008 she studied direction of a film in The Faculty of The Film and Television Pictures Realization and Photography in the Higher School of Art and Projecting in Lodz.In 2008 she was awarded the Honourable of the Dean for M.A. thesis film. She finished film production in Kulturama in Stockholm. She was the prizewinner of films awards in the country and abroad. \nWhen she was 26, she moved to Stockholm to do what she loves- to work in films and television productions. She worked for Swedish TV stations: Sveriges Television, TV3, TV4, TV6 in production of the reality-show \"Waterw\u00f6rld\",series Solsidan directed by Felix Herngren, in the television programmes \"69 saker du vill veta om sex\", satirical programmes: \"Cirkus M\u00f6ller\" i \"Bl\u00e4sningen\". She worked in film sets: Millennium series of the film -Men who hate women on the base of the criminal novels of the Swedish writer Stiega Larssona. In Poland she had her journalist training period in the News TV station - TVN 24, then in 2010 she started a cooperation as an investigative journalist at TVN station. As a film producer of the Skysoundtrackstudio.\nMa\u0142gorzata Gryniewicz with a piece of work \"Danddys with money\" reached the top of the Swedish music plebiscite METRO ON STAGE.Gryniewicz graduated from the Film School in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a. She began her career working for TVN (Polish National Television).She is the daughter of the artist Wojciech Gryniewicz.\n\n", "Q72933": "Franz Oppenhoff (18 August 1902 \u2013 25 March 1945) was a German lawyer who was appointed Mayor of the city of Aachen by Allied forces and subsequently murdered on the order of Heinrich Himmler.", "Q98332": "Peter Krieg, born as Wilhelm Walter Gladitz (August 27, 1947 in Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd, West Germany \u2013 July 22, 2009 in Berlin, Germany) was a documentary filmmaker, producer and writer. He initially enrolled in business and economics courses at Hamburg University but abandoned his studies to travel and teach horsemanship in Lebanon and Saudi Arabia. He later returned to Germany with his first wife, the American Heidi Knott, with whom he studied film at the German Film & TV Academy (DFFB) in Berlin and collaborated on his early works.\nFor September Wheat Krieg received the German Film Award and the Adolf-Grimme-Prize. Many of his films were internationally distributed. He has also produced documentary films of other filmmakers, such as Egyptian/German A'Wahed Askar.", "Q311232": "Tyrese Gibson (born December 30, 1978), also known mononymously as Tyrese, is an American singer, songwriter, author, rapper, actor, model, VJ and screenwriter. He played Joseph \"Jody\" Summers in Baby Boy, Angel Mercer in Four Brothers, Roman Pearce in the Fast & Furious films, and Robert Epps in the Transformers film series. After releasing several albums, he transitioned into films, with lead roles in several major Hollywood releases. According to Billboard Tyrese has sold 3.69 million albums in the U.S.", "Q8612": "Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 \u2013 July 31, 1875) was the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was a Democrat who ran with Lincoln on the National Union ticket, coming to office as the Civil War concluded. He favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union without protection for the former slaves. This led to conflict with the Republican-dominated Congress, culminating in his impeachment by the House of Representatives in 1868. He was acquitted in the Senate by one vote. His main accomplishment as president was the Alaska purchase.\nJohnson was born in poverty in Raleigh, North Carolina and never attended school. He was apprenticed as a tailor and worked in several frontier towns before settling in Greeneville, Tennessee. He served as alderman and mayor there before being elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1835. After brief service in the Tennessee Senate, Johnson was elected to the House of Representatives in 1843, where he served five two-year terms. He became governor of Tennessee for four years, and was elected by the legislature to the Senate in 1857. In his congressional service, he sought passage of the Homestead Bill which was enacted soon after he left his Senate seat in 1862. Southern slave states seceded to form the Confederate States of America, including Tennessee, but Johnson remained firmly with the Union. He was the only sitting senator from a Confederate state who did not resign his seat upon learning of his state's secession. In 1862, Lincoln appointed him as military governor of Tennessee after most of it had been retaken. In 1864, Johnson was a logical choice as running mate for Lincoln, who wished to send a message of national unity in his re-election campaign; their ticket easily won. Johnson was sworn in as vice president in March 1865 and gave a rambling speech, after which he secluded himself to avoid public ridicule. Six weeks later, the assassination of Lincoln made him president.\nJohnson implemented his own form of Presidential Reconstruction, a series of proclamations directing the seceded states to hold conventions and elections to reform their civil governments. Southern states returned many of their old leaders and passed Black Codes to deprive the freedmen of many civil liberties, but Congressional Republicans refused to seat legislators from those states and advanced legislation to overrule the Southern actions. Johnson vetoed their bills, and Congressional Republicans overrode him, setting a pattern for the remainder of his presidency. Johnson opposed the Fourteenth Amendment which gave citizenship to former slaves. In 1866, he went on an unprecedented national tour promoting his executive policies, seeking to break Republican opposition. As the conflict grew between the branches of government, Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act restricting Johnson's ability to fire Cabinet officials. He persisted in trying to dismiss Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, but ended up being impeached by the House of Representatives and narrowly avoided conviction in the Senate. He did not win the 1868 Democratic presidential nomination and left office the following year.\nJohnson returned to Tennessee after his presidency and gained some vindication when he was elected to the Senate in 1875, making him the only former president to serve in the Senate. He died five months into his term. Johnson's strong opposition to federally guaranteed rights for black Americans is widely criticized. He is regarded by many historians as one of the worst presidents in American history.\n\n", "Q179136": "Mart\u00edn Recaredo Echegoyen (3 April 1891 in Montevideo \u2013 18 May 1974 in Montevideo) was a Uruguayan political figure. In the years 1959 to 1960 he was president of Uruguay.", "Q288177": "Laodice VII Thea Philadelphus (Greek: \u039b\u03b1\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b7 \u1f21 \u0398\u03b5\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2, \"Laodice the goddess and brother-loving\", born after 122 BC\u2013?), was a Greek\u2013Syrian princess of the Seleucid Empire and future queen of Commagene. She was the daughter of Greek\u2013Syrian King Antiochus VIII Grypus and Greek Ptolemaic Princess Cleopatra Tryphaena (see Cleopatra VI of Egypt), a daughter of Ptolemy VIII Physcon.\nLaodice married Mithridates I Callinicus, a prince and future king from the Kingdom of Commagene. The fathers of Laodice and Mithridates had arranged their marriage as part of a peace alliance between their kingdoms. Mithridates embraced the Greek culture. Laodice bore Mithridates, a son Antiochus I Theos of Commagene (c. 86 BC\u201338 BC). Antiochus became a prince and future king of Commagene.", "Q194280": "Hugh Marston Hefner (April 9, 1926 \u2013 September 27, 2017) was an American magazine publisher. He was the founder and editor-in-chief of Playboy magazine, a publication with revealing photographs and articles which provoked charges of obscenity. The first issue of Playboy was published in 1953 featuring Marilyn Monroe in a nude calendar shoot; it sold over 50,000 copies.\nHefner extended the Playboy brand into a world network of Playboy Clubs. He also resided in luxury mansions where Playboy \"playmates\" shared his wild partying life, fueling keen media interest. He was an advocate of \"sexual liberation\" and \"freedom of expression\", and he was a political activist in the Democratic Party and for the causes of First Amendment rights, animal rescue, and the restoration of the Hollywood Sign.", "Q160467": "Charles Edward (Leopold Charles Edward George Albert, German: Leopold Carl Eduard Georg Albert; 19 July 1884 \u2013 6 March 1954) was the last reigning duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 30 July 1900 until 1918. A male-line grandson of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, he was also until 1919 a Prince of the United Kingdom and from birth held the British titles of Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence and Baron Arklow.Charles Edward was a controversial figure in the United Kingdom due to his status as the sovereign Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which was part of the German Empire, during World War I. On 14 November 1918, however, after a revolution in Germany, he was forced to abdicate as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and lost his rights to the ducal throne.In 1919, Charles Edward was deprived of his British peerages, his title of Prince and Royal Highness and his British honours for having fought in the German Army (eventually as a General) during WWI; he was labelled a \"traitor peer\".Charles Edward later joined the Nazi Party as well as the Sturmabteilung (SA, or Brownshirts), in which he reached the position of Obergruppenf\u00fchrer. Charles Edward served in a number of positions in Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s, including President of the German Red Cross from 1933\u201345. He was the maternal grandfather of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and the younger brother of Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone.\nAfter paying the fines imposed by the denazification court and losing properties to the Soviet army, he died in poverty in 1954.", "Q45147": "Xu Kuangdi KmstkNO FREng (Chinese: \u5f90\u5321\u8fea; pinyin: X\u00fa Ku\u0101ngd\u00ed; born December 1937) is a Chinese politician and scientist, best known for his term as Mayor of Shanghai from 1995 to 2001. He supervised the transformation of Shanghai during his administration into a center for international investment and trade that helped lead the intensive development of China's economy. Between 2003 and 2008, Xu served as Vice-Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.", "Q91470": "Hans Adam Dorten (10 February 1880 \u2013 April 1963) was a German career lawyer who in 1919 became a separatist leader in the militarily occupied Rhineland, following German defeat in the First World War.The period was a confused one during which political objectives were not always firmly fixed, nor clearly set out, but it is understood that Dorten's preference was for a Rhineland separated from \"protestant\" Prussia, and economically more closely aligned with France. At the end of 1923, a final attempt to establish an independent Rhenish state having failed, he escaped to Nice in France: here he resumed his legal career and worked on his memoirs.\n\n", "Q512560": "Nikolay Ilyich Kamov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432; 14 September [O.S. 1 September] 1902 \u2013 24 November 1973) was a Soviet aerospace engineer, a pioneer in the design of helicopters, and founder of the Kamov helicopter design bureau.", "Q317643": "Marcos Cesar Pontes (born March 11, 1963) is a Brazilian Air Force pilot, engineer, AEB astronaut and author. He became the first South American and the first Lusophone to go into space when he docked onto the International Space Station aboard Soyuz TMA-8 on March 30, 2006. He is the only Brazilian to have completed the NASA astronaut training program, although he switched to training in Russia after NASA's Space Shuttle program encountered problems. After Jair Bolsonaro's victory as President of Brazil in 2018, Pontes was officially nominated to be Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation, a post which he accepted days later.", "Q92151": "Elisabeth Emma Louise (\"Luise\") B\u00fcchner (12 June 1821, Darmstadt \u2013 28 November 1877) was a German women's rights activist and writer of essays, novels, travelogues and poetry.\nShe published her influential Die Frauen und ihr Beruf (Woman and Their Vocation) anonymously in 1855, in which she campaigned for equality of education for girls, with the opportunity for productive vocations as adult women, but also to better prepare young women for motherhood. B\u00fcchner rejected the unproductive pastimes increasingly seen as acceptable for middle-class women whose leisure time was increasing due to advances in machinery. During this period, economic factors led to fewer marriages and so an increase in single women. Die Frauen was reviewed extensively in German newspapers and journals, and was sold even in England, France and Russia. Three more editions were published through 1872.\nB\u00fcchner became the director of the Alice Association for Women's Education and Employment, which had been founded by Grand Duchess Alice of Hesse, and sponsored training in nursing and trades. Through this organisation B\u00fcchner was important in the development of nursing as a paid vocation without denominational attachments, rather than a voluntary activity associated with religious orders.\nAmong her siblings, five of whom survived infancy, were Georg, Ludwig, Wilhelm, and Alexander. During World War II, in September 1944, the house in which the B\u00fcchner family had long lived was bombed. With it, family records were lost, and among the deaths was her nephew Georg, the living family member who had been closest to Luise. These losses have limited scholarship on B\u00fcchner.", "Q836077": "Julie Frost is an American songwriter, singer, guitarist and record producer. She is also the founder of the non-profit \"Songs For Elephants\", with the mission to help mobilize the music and entertainment industry in support of the world's elephants. She is the second American songwriter to win the Eurovision Song Contest, as co-writer of the song \"Satellite\", which won the contest for Germany. Frost wrote the hook for Black Eyed Peas' multi-platinum single \"Just Can't Get Enough\", the hook for Pitbull's \"Castle Made of Sand\", and Flo Rida's \"Sweet Spot\". She also co-wrote Beyonc\u00e9's single \"Countdown\", Ed Sheeran's \"Kiss Me\", Marina and the Diamonds's \"Primadonna\", and Madonna's song \"Masterpiece\", from the soundtrack of her movie W.E., and won a Golden Globe award for best original song in a soundtrack. Frost wrote the end credit song and lead single for the \"Endless Love\" Soundtrack performed by Tegan and Sara and co-wrote \"Lift Me Up\" featuring Nico and Vinz and Ladysmith Black Mambazo on Guetta's album \"Listen\", and co-wrote Charlie Puth's single \"Marvin Gaye\" with Charlie Puth featuring Meghan Trainor. Additionally, Frost co-wrote the single \"Obsession\" for DJ Vice Featuring Kyle and Jon Bellion, and co-wrote \"Swim\" with Alec Benjamin. Most recently, she co-wrote \"Ring\" for Selena Gomez album \"Rare\", and \"Oh My God\" for Alec Benjamin's upcoming album \"These Two Windows\".", "Q49755": "The Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (German: Liberal-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands, LDPD) was a political party in East Germany. Like the other allied bloc parties of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in the National Front, it had 52 representatives in the People's Chamber.", "Q314362": "Bartolom\u00e9 Mitre Mart\u00ednez (26 June 1821 \u2013 19 January 1906) was an Argentine statesman, military figure, and author. He was the President of Argentina from 1862 to 1868.", "Q4464763": "Lillian Too is an author, television personality and feng shui practitioner from Malaysia. She has written over 200 books on the subject of feng shui, which have been translated into more than 30 languages. Her books have sold more 6 million copies around the globe.A graduate with an MBA from the Harvard Business School in 1976, Too embarked on a career in the corporate world and became the first woman in Malaysia to head a public listed company. In 1982, she became the first woman in Asia to be appointed CEO of a bank (Hong Kong's Dao Heng bank). After her stint in banking, she worked with prominent Hong Kong tycoon, Dickson Poon (former husband of Michelle Yeoh), as executive deputy chairman of his group of companies.She is married, with one daughter Jennifer.", "Q2616969": "Marvin John Heemeyer (October 28, 1951 \u2013 June 4, 2004) was an American welder and an automobile muffler repair shop owner who demolished numerous buildings with a modified bulldozer in Granby, Colorado on June 4, 2004.\nHeemeyer had feuded with Granby town officials, particularly over fines for violating city health ordinances when he chose to dump sewage from his business instead of installing a proper septic tank. His feud came to a head on June 4, 2004. Over about eighteen months Heemeyer had secretly modified a Komatsu D355A bulldozer by adding layers of steel and concrete, intended to serve as armor. He used this to demolish the Granby town hall, the former mayor's house, and several other buildings. Heemeyer's rampage concluded with his suicide, after his bulldozer became trapped in the basement of a hardware store he had been in the process of destroying.\n\n", "Q973259": "Redwall is a 1999-2002 Canadian-British-French animated series produced by Canada-based Nelvana and France-based Alphanim and is based on the Redwall novels by Brian Jacques. The series spans three seasons, the first based on the first book Redwall, the second on Mattimeo and the third on Martin the Warrior. \nThe series originally aired on Teletoon in Canada, along with being independently distributed in the United States by American Public Television through public television stations.", "Q41309": "Franz Liszt (German: [\u02c8l\u026ast]; Hungarian: Liszt Ferencz, in modern usage Liszt Ferenc [\u02c8list \u02c8f\u025br\u025bnt\u0361s]; 22 October 1811 \u2013 31 July 1886) was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, music teacher, arranger, and organist of the Romantic era. He was also a writer, philanthropist, Hungarian nationalist, and Franciscan tertiary.\nLiszt gained renown in Europe during the early nineteenth century for his prodigious virtuosic skill as a pianist. He was a friend, musical promoter and benefactor to many composers of his time, including Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin, Charles-Valentin Alkan, Richard Wagner, Hector Berlioz, Robert Schumann, Camille Saint-Sa\u00ebns, Edvard Grieg, Ole Bull, Joachim Raff, Mikhail Glinka, and Alexander Borodin.A prolific composer, Liszt was one of the most prominent representatives of the New German School (German: Neudeutsche Schule). He left behind an extensive and diverse body of work which influenced his forward-looking contemporaries and anticipated 20th-century ideas and trends. Among Liszt's musical contributions were the symphonic poem, developing thematic transformation as part of his experiments in musical form, and radical innovations in harmony.", "Q250252": "Flaming Star is a 1960 American Western film starring Elvis Presley and Barbara Eden, based on the book Flaming Lance (1958) by Clair Huffaker. Critics agreed that Presley gave one of his best acting performances as the mixed-blood \"Pacer Burton\", a dramatic role. The film was directed by Don Siegel and had a working title of Black Star.The movie reached No. 12 on the box office charts.\nIt was filmed in Utah, Los Angeles and in Wildwood Regional Park in Thousand Oaks, California. A road near Wildwood in Thousand Oaks has been named Flaming Star Avenue after the movie.", "Q1601945": "Helene Bresslau Schweitzer (January 25, 1879 \u2013 June 1, 1957) was a German medical missionary, nurse, social worker, linguist, public medicine enthusiast, editor, feminist, sociologist, mother, and wife/confidant of Albert Schweitzer, who co-founded the Albert Schweitzer Hospital with her husband. Albert, a medical missionary, did not mention her role in his efforts. According to writer Mary Kingsley, she is \"one form of human being whose praise has never adequately been sung, namely, the missionary's wife.\" While much of his work seems to overwrite her own, she played a pivotal role in the advancement of medicine, feminine independence, and societal justice.", "Q188859": "Jos\u00e9 Esteban Antonio Echeverr\u00eda (September 2, 1805 \u2013 January 19, 1851) was an Argentine poet, fiction writer, cultural promoter, and political activist who played a significant role in the development of Argentine literature, not only through his own writings but also through his organizational efforts. He was one of Latin America's most important Romantic authors.", "Q729572": "David Rasche ( RASH-ee) (born August 7, 1944) is an American theater, film and television actor who is best known for his portrayal of the title character in the 1980s satirical police sitcom Sledge Hammer! Since then he has often played characters in positions of authority, in both serious and comical turns. In television he is known for his recurring performances in L.A. Law, Monk, The West Wing, Veep, and Succession.", "Q2613811": "Ya'akov Meridor (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8, born Yaakov Viniarsky on 29 September 1913, died 30 June 1995) was an Israeli politician, Irgun commander and businessman.", "Q44271": "Riona Hazuki (\u8449\u6708\u91cc\u7dd2\u5948 Hazuki Riona), born Mai Yamada (\u5c71\u7530\u9ebb\u8863 Yamada Mai, born on July 11, 1975 in Tokyo, Japan), is a Japanese actress. In 1999, she played the main role in Owls' Castle.", "Q920167": "George Fenton (born George Richard Ian Howe; 1949) is an English composer best known for his work writing film scores and music for television such as for the BBC series The Blue Planet and Planet Earth.", "Q3592046": "Etienne Audibert, (May 14, 1888 \u2013 June 6, 1954) was a French engineer, a Mayor of Senlis, a Vice President of Conseil g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des mines, the second chairman of \u00c9lectricit\u00e9 de France (EDF) from 1947 to 1949, a Chair of Charbonnages de France, and a directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral of CERCHAR.", "Q272795": "Tacna is a city in southern Peru and the regional capital of the Tacna Region. A very commercially active city, it is located only 35 km (22 mi) north of the border with Arica y Parinacota Region from Chile, inland from the Pacific Ocean and in the valley of the Caplina River. It is Peru's tenth most populous city.\nInitially called San Pedro de Tacna, it has gained a reputation for patriotism, with many monuments and streets named after heroes of Peru's struggle for independence (1821\u20131824) and the War of the Pacific (1879\u20131883). Residents of Tacna are known in Spanish as tacne\u00f1os.", "Q15980": "Erding is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the district Erding. It had a population of 34,122 in 2004. It is twinned with Bastia in Corsica.\nThe original Erdinger Weissbier is a well-known Bavarian specialty. Gr\u00fcnbacher is one of the better-known local brands.\nErding is located around 45 Adam kilometers northeast of central Munich, about a 30-minute drive by car.\nRegular S-Bahn trains connect to Munich and beyond. Tariffs and times may be found on the Munich Transportation and Tariff Website (MVV).", "Q96337": "Lothar Popp (7 February 1887 \u2013 27 April 1980) was a German revolutionary and a leader of the sailors' revolt in Kiel.", "Q13329": "Piacenza (Italian pronunciation: [pja\u02c8t\u0283\u025bntsa] (listen); Piacentino: Pia\u1e61\u00ebinsa [pi.a\u02c8z\u0259i\u032fs\u0250]; Latin: Placentia) is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy, the capital of the eponymous province. The etymology is long-standing, tracing an origin from the Latin verb plac\u0113re, \"to please.\" In French, and occasionally in English, it is called Plaisance. The name means a \"pleasant abode\", or as James Boswell reported some of the etymologists of his time to have translated it, \"comely\". This was a name \"of good omen.\"Piacenza is located at a major crossroads at the intersection of Route E35/A1 between Bologna and Milan, and Route E70/A21 between Brescia and Turin. Piacenza is also at the confluence of the Trebbia, draining the northern Apennine Mountains, and the Po, draining to the east. Piacenza also hosts two universities, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Polytechnic University of Milan.", "Q483251": "Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. It typically employs heavily distorted and low-tuned guitars, played with techniques such as palm muting and tremolo picking, deep growling vocals, aggressive, powerful drumming featuring double kick and blast beat techniques, minor keys or atonality, abrupt tempo, key, and time signature changes, and chromatic chord progressions. The lyrical themes of death metal may include slasher film-style violence, political conflict, religion, nature, philosophy, and science fiction.Building from the musical structure of thrash metal and early black metal, death metal emerged during the mid-1980s. Bands such as Venom, Celtic Frost, Slayer, and Kreator were important influences on the genre's creation. Possessed, Death, Necrophagia, Obituary, Autopsy, and Morbid Angel are often considered pioneers of the genre. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, death metal gained more media attention as popular genre. Niche record labels like Combat, Earache, and Roadrunner began to sign death metal bands at a rapid rate.Since then, death metal has diversified, spawning several subgenres. Melodic death metal combines death metal elements with those of the new wave of British heavy metal. Technical death metal is a complex style, with uncommon time signatures, atypical rhythms, and unusual harmonies and melodies. Death-doom combines the deep growled vocals and double-kick drumming of death metal with the slow tempos and melancholic atmosphere of doom metal. Deathgrind, goregrind, and pornogrind mix the complexity of death metal with the intensity, speed, and brevity of grindcore. Deathcore combines death metal with metalcore traits. Death 'n' roll combines death metal's growled vocals and highly distorted, detuned guitar riffs with elements of 1970s hard rock and heavy metal.", "Q24585": "Bastille Day or July 14 (French: Quatorze Juillet) is a 1933 French romantic comedy film directed by Ren\u00e9 Clair and starring Annabella, George Rigaud and Raymond Cordy.It was made at the Epinay Studios by the French subsidiary of the German company Tobis. The film's art direction was by Lazare Meerson.", "Q52413": "The University of Kansas (KU) is a public research university with its main campus in Lawrence, Kansas, and several satellite campuses, research and educational centers, medical centers, and classes across the state of Kansas. Two branch campuses are in the Kansas City metropolitan area on the Kansas side: the university's medical school and hospital in Kansas City, the Edwards Campus in Overland Park, a hospital and research center in the state's capital of Topeka, and a hospital and research center in Hays. There are also educational and research sites in Garden City, Hays, Leavenworth, Parsons, and Topeka, an agricultural education center in rural north Douglas County, and branches of the medical school in Salina and Wichita. The university is a member of the Association of American Universities.\nFounded March 21, 1865, the university was opened in 1866, under a charter granted by the Kansas State Legislature in 1864 and legislation passed in 1863 under the State Constitution, which was adopted two years after the 1861 admission of the former Kansas Territory as the 34th state into the Union. Disputes over Kansas' establishment as a free or slaveholding state prior to admission to the union prompted an internal civil war known as \"Bleeding Kansas\" during the 1850s.Enrollment at the Lawrence and Edwards campuses was 28,401 students in 2016; an additional 3,383 students were enrolled at the KU Medical Center for an enrollment of 28,091 students across the three campuses. The university overall employed 2,814 faculty members in fall 2015.Kansas's athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I sports as the Jayhawks, as members of the Big 12 Conference. They field 16 varsity sports, as well as club-level sports for ice hockey, rugby, and men's volleyball.", "Q951946": "Lady Margaret Hall (LMH) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, located on the banks of the River Cherwell at Norham Gardens in north Oxford and adjacent to the University Parks. The college is more formally known under its current royal charter as \"The Principal and Fellows of the College of the Lady Margaret in the University of Oxford\".The college was founded in 1878, closely collaborating with Somerville College. Both colleges opened their doors in 1879 as the first two women's colleges of Oxford. The college began admitting men in 1979. The college has just under 400 undergraduate students, around 200 postgraduate students and 24 visiting students. In 2016, the college became the only college in Oxford or Cambridge to offer a Foundation Year for students from disadvantaged backgrounds.\nIn 2018, Lady Margaret Hall ranked 21st out of 30 in Oxford's Norrington Table, a measurement of the performance of students in finals.The college's colours are blue, yellow and white. The college uses a coat of arms which accompanies the college's motto \"Souvent me Souviens\", an Old French phrase meaning \"I often remember\" or \"Think of me often\", the motto of Lady Margaret Beaufort, for whom the college is named.\nThe current principal of the college is Alan Rusbridger. Notable alumni and students of Lady Margaret Hall include Benazir Bhutto, Michael Gove, Nigella Lawson, Josie Long, Ann Widdecombe and Malala Yousafzai.", "Q385309": "Naked Gun \u200b33 1\u20443: The Final Insult is a 1994 American comedy film, and the third and final installment in The Naked Gun film series, which was based on the television series Police Squad!.\nThe \"\u200b33 1\u20443\" in the title is a reference to the number of revolutions per minute at which long playing (LP) phonograph records play. The film was originally going to be titled The Naked Gun \u200b33 1\u20443: Just for the Record, but was changed after the studio felt that audiences would not get the joke. It was also going to simply be titled The Naked Gun 3: The Final Insult, according to some Christmas 1993 video previews.\nLeslie Nielsen returns as Lieutenant Frank Drebin (his original character from Police Squad!), along with Priscilla Presley as Jane Spencer Drebin, O. J. Simpson (his last film released before the notorious murders and his subsequent trial) as Officer Nordberg and George Kennedy as Captain Ed Hocken. Newcomers to the series Fred Ward, Anna Nicole Smith, and Kathleen Freeman co-star as a gang of bombers set to blow up the Academy Awards ceremony. Raye Birk reprises his role as the villainous \"Pahpshmir\" from The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!.\n\n", "Q401520": "V\u00e4in\u00f6 E. Jokinen (March 31, 1879 in Suoniemi \u2013 August 31, 1920 in Petrograd) was a Finnish journalist and MP. Jokinen was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1908 to 1918, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). In 1918, during the Finnish Civil War, Jokinen was the secretary of the Finnish People's Delegation, the government of the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic. \nJokinen's father was steward Efraim Jokinen, and his mother was Fanny Wilhelmiina Tamlander. He graduated from high school in 1899. He translated to Finnish while studying. He worked in H\u00e4meenlinna in Kanerva magazines reporter 1904\u20131905 and in Kansan Lehti in Tampere 1906\u20131908, Ty\u00f6mies magazine's reporter in Helsinki 1906\u20131908, H\u00e4meen Voima magazine's reporter in H\u00e4meenlinna 1908\u20131912 and Sosialisti magazine's main editor in Turku 1912\u20131917.\nJokinen was Social Democratic MP from H\u00e4me southern electoral district 1909-1914 and 1917.\nJokinen was the deputy speaker of Finnish Parliament in 1917, and chairman of the Grand Committee. In 1917 Jokinen worked as secretary of the Finnish Labour Union and during the Finnish Civil War he was Worker's Head Council's and People's Delegation's secretary.\nAfter the war Jokinen moved to Russia and worked in the Council of Perm in 1918 and Kumous magazine's and Finnish Communist publications department's reporter, translating articles into Finnish. Jokinen was a member of the Finnish Communist Party's central committee and Russian Communist Party's Finnish department's main offices chairman.\nJokinen was shot on August 31, 1920 in Petrograd during the Kuusinen Club Incident. He was buried at the Monument to the Fighters of the Revolution on the Field of Mars in Saint Petersburg.\nHis wife Alma Jokinen was also a Social Democratic MP.", "Q242656": "Edith Madeleine Carroll (26 February 1906 \u2013 2 October 1987) was an English actress, popular both in Britain and America in the 1930s and 1940s. At the peak of her success in 1938, she was the world's highest-paid actress.\nCarroll is remembered for her role in Alfred Hitchcock's The 39 Steps (1935). She is also noted for largely abandoning her acting career after the death of her sister Marguerite in the London Blitz to devote herself to helping wounded servicemen and children displaced or maimed by the war.", "Q1178": "Joseph Maurice Ravel (French: [\u0292\u0254z\u025bf m\u0254\u0281is \u0281av\u025bl]; 7 March 1875 \u2013 28 December 1937) was a French composer, pianist and conductor. He is often associated with impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term. In the 1920s and 1930s Ravel was internationally regarded as France's greatest living composer.\nBorn to a music-loving family, Ravel attended France's premier music college, the Paris Conservatoire; he was not well regarded by its conservative establishment, whose biased treatment of him caused a scandal. After leaving the conservatoire, Ravel found his own way as a composer, developing a style of great clarity and incorporating elements of modernism, baroque, neoclassicism and, in his later works, jazz. He liked to experiment with musical form, as in his best-known work, Bol\u00e9ro (1928), in which repetition takes the place of development. Ravel, who was acclaimed as a master of orchestration, made some orchestral arrangements of other composers' music, of which his 1922 version of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition is the best known.\nA slow and painstaking worker, Ravel composed fewer pieces than many of his contemporaries. Among his works to enter the repertoire are pieces for piano, chamber music, two piano concertos, ballet music, two operas and eight song cycles; he wrote no symphonies or church music. Many of his works exist in two versions: first, a piano score and later an orchestration. Some of his piano music, such as Gaspard de la nuit (1908), is exceptionally difficult to play, and his complex orchestral works such as Daphnis et Chlo\u00e9 (1912) require skilful balance in performance.\nRavel was among the first composers to recognise the potential of recording to bring their music to a wider public. From the 1920s, despite limited technique as a pianist or conductor, he took part in recordings of several of his works; others were made under his supervision.", "Q121375": "Fritz Odemar (13 January 1890 \u2013 6 June 1955) was a German film actor. He appeared in 152 films between 1927 and 1955. He was born in Hannover, Germany and died in Munich, Germany. Odemar's father was the actor Fritz Odemar Sr. (Karl Julius Friedrich Odemar; 1858\u20131926).\n\n", "Q14320": "The Day After Tomorrow is a 2004 American science fiction disaster film co-written, directed, and produced by Roland Emmerich and starring Dennis Quaid, Jake Gyllenhaal, Ian Holm, Emmy Rossum, and Sela Ward. It is based on the book The Coming Global Superstorm by Art Bell and Whitley Strieber. The film depicts catastrophic climatic effects following the disruption of the North Atlantic Ocean circulation in a series of extreme weather events that usher in global cooling and lead to a new ice age.Originally slated for release in the summer of 2003, The Day After Tomorrow premiered in Mexico City on May 17, 2004, and was released in the United States on May 28, 2004. A major commercial success, the film became the sixth highest-grossing film of 2004. Filmed in Toronto and Montreal, it is the highest-grossing Hollywood film made in Canada (adjusted for inflation). It received mixed reviews upon release, with critics highly praising the film's special effects but criticizing its writing and numerous scientific inaccuracies.", "Q977759": "Dr. Edmond Locard (13 December 1877 \u2013 4 April 1966) was a French criminologist, the pioneer in forensic science who became known as the \"Sherlock Holmes of France\". He formulated the basic principle of forensic science: \"Every contact leaves a trace\". This became known as Locard's exchange principle.", "Q242130": "Bohumil Hrabal (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8bo\u0266um\u026al \u02c8\u0266rabal]; 28 March 1914 \u2013 3 February 1997) was a Czech writer, often cited as one of the best Czech writers of the 20th century.", "Q543707": "Warp Records Limited (or simply Warp) is a British independent record label founded in Sheffield in 1989 by record store employees Steve Beckett, Rob Mitchell and record producer Robert Gordon. It is currently based in London.\nIn the 1990s, the label became associated with electronic styles such as techno and intelligent dance music, serving as the home of a variety of acclaimed and influential electronic acts, including LFO, Aphex Twin, Boards of Canada, Squarepusher, Nightmares on Wax, The Black Dog, and Autechre. Current artists on the label roster include Flying Lotus, Rustie, Oneohtrix Point Never, Danny Brown, Grizzly Bear, Brian Eno, TNGHT, Kelela and Yves Tumor.", "Q3776378": "Joaquim Gomis Serda\u00f1ons (1902 in Barcelona \u2013 1991) was a Catalan photographer, collector, entrepreneur, and promoter of the arts.\nGomis was born in Barcelona on September 19, 1902 to a wealthy family. His father owned a business in the cotton trade and his grandfather Cels Gomis (Reus, 1842 - Barcelona, 1915) was a civil engineer with intellectual interests. At the age of twelve, Gomis acquired his first camera\u2212a Brownie\u2212which he used to take his first photographs. In 1919 he received his degree in accounting, and beginning in 1921 he lived in England and the United States. These periods abroad enabled Gomis to produce photo series based on the architecture and urban landscapes of the places he visited. In 1929 he married Odette Cherbonnier in Paris.\nJoaquim Gomis was well-respected in artistic circles, which were somewhat taken aback when he began photographing the work of Gaud\u00ed, an architect who was underrated at the time. In 1930 Gomis became a founding member and the first president of the Amics de l'art nou (Friends of New Art) association and was also a founding member of Club 49 in 1949. During the Spanish Civil War, Gomis lived in Paris and traveled in Europe. In 1939, at the end of the war, he returned to Barcelona.\nIn 1940, in collaboration with Joan Prats, Gomis published his fotoscops, a series of books with images in sequential order. Although his first series was about a eucalyptus, some of the subjects he covered were Gaud\u00ed's Sagrada Familia church, the Cathedral of Tarragona, the works of Joan Mir\u00f3, and the city of Barcelona.\nHis photographic production can be associated with the Neues Sehen movement and is considered one of the exceptions within a context dominated by pictorialism. In 1952 he was named president of the Amics de Gaud\u00ed (Friends of Gaud\u00ed) group, and from 1972 to 1975 he presided over the Fundaci\u00f3 Joan Mir\u00f3.\nExhibitions of Joaquim Gomis' work include a show held at the IVAM in Valencia in 1997, with previously unpublished images from the period he spent in the United States from 1922 to 1923. Some of his works are held in the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya.", "Q3132761": "Julio Garavito Armero (January 5, 1865 \u2013 March 11, 1920) was a Colombian astronomer.\n\n", "Q356637": "Adhir Kalyan (born 4 August 1983) is a South African-born actor noted for his role as Timmy in the CBS sitcom Rules of Engagement.", "Q32481": "Sendhil Amithab Ramamurthy (born 17 May 1974) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as geneticist Mohinder Suresh in the NBC sci-fi drama Heroes and Jai Wilcox in Covert Affairs.", "Q290076": "Jessica Parker Kennedy (born October 3, 1984) is a Canadian actress. She played Melissa Glaser on the CW series The Secret Circle, Max on the Starz original series Black Sails and Nora West-Allen / XS on The Flash, and has also appeared on the television series Smallville, Undercovers and Kaya.", "Q233911": "Jessica Jung (born April 18, 1989), known professionally as Jessica, is an American singer, actress, and fashion designer known for her work as a former member of South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. As an actress, Jung portrayed Elle Woods in the Korean version of the musical Legally Blonde in 2010 and played a role in the television drama Wild Romance in 2012. In early 2014, she established a fashion brand, Blanc & Eclare. Later that year, she was dismissed from Girls' Generation due to conflicts between the group's schedule and her own business activities. Following the dismissal, Jessica ended her contract with SM Entertainment and signed with Coridel Entertainment in 2016, prior to the release of her debut solo album With Love, J. In May 2018, Jessica signed a contract with United Talent Agency.", "Q12751": "Haute-Savoie ([ot savwa] (listen); Arpitan: Savou\u00e8 d\u2019Amont or Hi\u00f4ta-Savou\u00e8; English: Upper Savoy; German: Obersavoyen or Hochsavoyen; Italian: Alta Savoia) is a department in the Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes region of Southeastern France, bordering both Switzerland and Italy. Its prefecture is Annecy. To the north is Lake Geneva and Switzerland; to the south and southeast are the Mont Blanc and Aravis mountain ranges.\nIt holds its name from the Savoy historical region, as does the department of Savoie, located south of Haute-Savoie. In 2016, it had a population of 801,416. Its subprefectures are Bonneville, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois and Thonon-les-Bains. The French entrance to the Mont Blanc Tunnel into Italy is in Haute-Savoie. It is noted for winter sports; the first Winter Olympic Games were held at Chamonix in 1924.", "Q1509379": "Georgina Emma Mary Born, is a British academic, anthropologist and musician. As a musician she is known as Georgie Born and is known for her work in Henry Cow and with Lindsay Cooper.\n\n", "Q171224": "Eugene ( yoo-JEEN) is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest. It is at the southern end of the verdant Willamette Valley, near the confluence of the McKenzie and Willamette Rivers, about 50 miles (80 km) east of the Oregon Coast.As of the 2010 census, Eugene had a population of 156,185; it is the county seat of Lane County and the state's third most populous city after Portland and Salem, though recent state estimates suggest its population may have surpassed Salem's. The Eugene-Springfield, Oregon metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is the 146th largest metropolitan statistical area in the US and the third-largest in the state, behind the Portland Metropolitan Area and the Salem Metropolitan Area. The city's population for 2018 was estimated to be 171,245 by the U.S. Census.Eugene is home to the University of Oregon, Northwest Christian University, and Lane Community College. Several spots within Eugene are believed to be inspiration for locations in The Simpsons. This includes Max's Tavern and the Pioneer Statue on campus. The city is also noted for its natural environment, recreational opportunities (especially bicycling, running/jogging, rafting, and kayaking), and focus on the arts. Eugene's official slogan is \"A Great City for the Arts and Outdoors\". It is also referred to as the \"Emerald City\" and as \"Track Town, USA\". The Nike corporation had its beginnings in Eugene. In 2022, the city will host the 18th Track and Field World Championships.", "Q44517": "Bruno Kreisky (22 January 1911 \u2013 29 July 1990) was an Austrian social democratic politician who served as Foreign Minister from 1959 to 1966 and as Chancellor from 1970 to 1983. Aged 72 at the end of his chancellorship, he was the oldest Chancellor after World War II. His 13-year tenure was the longest of any Chancellor in republican Austria.", "Q27932": "Abel Valdemarsen (1218 \u2013 29 June 1252) was Duke of Schleswig from 1232 to 1252 and King of Denmark from 1250 until his death in 1252. He was the son of Valdemar II by his second wife, Berengaria of Portugal, and brother to Eric IV and Christopher I.As Duke of Schleswig, Abel came into conflict with his brother, King Eric IV, whose murder in 1250 he was suspected of orchestrating. Upon taking an oath to clear himself of the allegations, he was elected king. After a short reign, he was killed during a military expedition in Frisia.\nAbel's reign was the shortest of any Danish monarch since the 9th century. He founded a line of dukes of Schleswig - the \"Abel family\" - which ruled the Duchy of Schleswig until 1375.", "Q123204": "Eva Heller (8 April 1948 - 31 January 2008) was a German writer and social scientist. She was born in Esslingen am Neckar. \nAs a writer, she published in a wide range of genres, including novels, children's books and non-fiction works. Her work has been translated into English. Her novel With the Next Man Everything Will Be Different was translated by Krishna Winston and won the Schlegel-Tieck Prize.", "Q1683952": "Jason Michael Carroll (born June 13, 1978) is an American country music artist. After being discovered at a local talent competition in 2004, Carroll was signed to the Arista Nashville label in 2006, releasing his debut album Waitin' in the Country that year. This album has produced three consecutive Top 40 country hits for him on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts: \"Alyssa Lies\", \"Livin' Our Love Song\" and \"I Can Sleep When I'm Dead\". Carroll's second album, Growing Up Is Getting Old, has also produced his fourth and fifth Top 40 hits. Carroll and Arista Nashville parted ways in February 2010.", "Q1929352": "Roots rock is rock music that looks back to rock's origins in folk, blues and country music. It is particularly associated with the creation of hybrid subgenres from the later 1960s including country rock and Southern rock, which have been seen as responses to the perceived excesses of dominant psychedelic and developing progressive rock. Because roots music (Americana) is often used to mean folk and world musical forms, roots rock is sometimes used in a broad sense to describe any rock music that incorporates elements of this music. In the 1980s, roots rock enjoyed a revival in response to trends in punk rock, new wave and heavy metal music.", "Q16537": "The Rautispitz is a mountain of the Schwyzer Alps, overlooking Netstal in the canton of Glarus. It lies between the Obersee and the Kl\u00f6ntalersee and culminates at 2,283 metres above sea level. Its summit is generally accessed from the west side, with several trails starting at the Obersee.", "Q4818023": "William Richardson (August 27, 1795 \u2013 April 20, 1856) was an early California entrepreneur, influential in the development of Yerba Buena, the forerunner of San Francisco.\nRichardson was the first to receive a land grant in the city, deeded to him by the alcalde, Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn Estudillo. He was subsequently granted the Rancho Saucelito, an even larger rancho land holding across San Francisco Bay comprising a large portion of present-day southeastern Marin County. On these lands, he founded the city of Sausalito.", "Q175042": "Publius Nigidius Figulus (c. 98 \u2013 45 BC) was a scholar of the Late Roman Republic and one of the praetors for 58 BC. He was a friend of Cicero, to whom he gave his support at the time of the Catilinarian conspiracy. Nigidius sided with the Optimates in the civil war between Julius Caesar and Pompeius Magnus.\nAmong his contemporaries, Nigidius's reputation for learning was second only to that of Varro. Even in his own time, his works were regarded as often abstruse, perhaps because of their esoteric Pythagoreanism, into which Nigidius incorporated Stoic elements. Jerome calls him Pythagoricus et magus, a \"Pythagorean and mage,\" and in the medieval and Renaissance tradition he is portrayed as a magician, diviner, or occultist. His vast works survive only in fragments preserved by other authors.", "Q372959": "The Towering Inferno is a 1974 American disaster film produced by Irwin Allen featuring an ensemble cast led by Paul Newman and Steve McQueen. Directed by John Guillermin, the film is a co-production between 20th Century Fox and Warner Bros., the first to be a joint venture by two major Hollywood studios. It was adapted by Stirling Silliphant from a pair of novels, The Tower by Richard Martin Stern and The Glass Inferno by Thomas N. Scortia and Frank M. Robinson.The film earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Picture and was the second highest-grossing film released in 1974, beaten only by Blazing Saddles, which earned $3.2 million more. The picture was nominated for eight Oscars in all, winning three. In addition to McQueen and Newman, the cast includes William Holden, Faye Dunaway, Fred Astaire, Susan Blakely, Richard Chamberlain, O. J. Simpson, Robert Vaughn, Robert Wagner, Susan Flannery, Gregory Sierra, Dabney Coleman and, in her final role, Jennifer Jones.", "Q94246": "Ren\u00e9 Paul Guillot (24 January 1900 \u2013 26 March 1969) was a French writer of children's books who lived, worked and travelled in French West Africa.\nFor his lasting contribution as a children's writer Guillot received the biennial Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1964. The award conferred by the International Board on Books for Young People is the highest recognition available to a writer or illustrator of children's books.", "Q981971": "Mario Praz KBE (Italian: [\u02c8ma\u02d0rjo prats]; September 6, 1896, Rome \u2013 March 23, 1982, Rome) was an Italian-born critic of art and literature, and a scholar of English literature. His best-known book, The Romantic Agony (1933), was a comprehensive survey of the decadent, erotic and morbid themes that characterized European authors of the late 18th and 19th centuries. See Femme fatale for a reference of one of his chapters. The book was written and published first in Italian as La carne, la morte e il diavolo nella letteratura romantica in 1930, and the most recent edition was published in Firenze: Sansoni, 1996.", "Q1441473": "Francis \"Frank\" Dunnery (born 25 December 1962) is an English musician, singer-songwriter, record producer and record label owner.\nDunnery was originally the frontman for British prog-pop band It Bites, working with the band between 1982 and 1990 (during which he co-wrote and sang their No. 6 UK hit single, \"Calling All the Heroes\"). Since 1990 Dunnery has pursued a solo career, and has owned and run his own Aquarian Nation record label since 2001. In addition, he has performed as a sideman and musical contributor for artists as diverse as Robert Plant, Ian Brown, Lauryn Hill, Santana and Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe. He has worked as producer and/or collaborator with David Sancious, Chris Difford (of Squeeze), James Sonefeld (Hootie and the Blowfish), Erin Moran, Steven Harris (ex-The Cult, Zodiac Mindwarp and the Love Reaction), and Ashley Reaks (Younger Younger 28s).\nDunnery was one of the candidates invited to audition as a lead singer and frontman for Genesis following Phil Collins' departure in 1996 (although the position ultimately went to Ray Wilson). He also played in the reformed 1960s beat/prog band The Syn between 2008 and mid-2009.", "Q92637": "Raymond \"Ray\" Ozzie (born November 20, 1955) is an American software industry entrepreneur who held the positions of Chief Technical Officer and Chief Software Architect at Microsoft between 2005 and 2010. Before Microsoft, he was best known for his role in creating IBM Notes (formerly Lotus Notes).", "Q453266": "Liu Sola (Chinese: \u5218\u7d22\u62c9 aka: Liu Suola; Beijing, China) is a Chinese composer, vocalist, music producer, and author.", "Q173433": "Keith Andrews (June 15, 1920 \u2013 May 15, 1957) was an American racecar driver. He was killed after crashing his car during practice for the 1957 Indianapolis 500.", "Q491127": "Dankook University (commonly referred to as Dankook), abbreviated as DU or DKU, is a private research university in Yongin and Cheonan, South Korea. The university was established in 1947. It was the first university established after the National Liberation Day of Korea, and its original location was in Jongno District and Yongsan District (after Jongno), Seoul.\nDankook University was ranked 148th in Asia by QS Asian Universities Ranking in 2010.", "Q1985912": "Shapur IV (Middle Persian: \ud802\udf71\ud802\udf67\ud802\udf6f\ud802\udf65\ud802\udf67\ud802\udf65\ud802\udf69\u200e \u0160\u0101hpuhr), was king of Persian Armenia from 415 to 420, who briefly ruled the Sasanian Empire in 420.", "Q1457205": "Softdisk was a software and Internet company based in Shreveport, Louisiana. Founded in 1981, its original products were disk magazines (which they termed \"magazettes\", for \"magazine on diskette\"). It was affiliated and partly owned by paper magazine Softalk at founding, but survived its demise.\nThe company has been known by a variety of names, including Softdisk Magazette, Softdisk Publishing, Softdisk, Inc., Softdisk Internet Services, Softdisk, L.L.C., and Magazines On Disk.\nSoftdisk is most well known for being the former workplace of several of the founders of id Software.", "Q57219": "David Friedrich Strauss (German: Strau\u00df [\u0283t\u0280a\u028as]; January 27, 1808 in Ludwigsburg \u2013 February 8, 1874 ibid) was a German liberal Protestant theologian and writer, who influenced Christian Europe with his portrayal of the \"historical Jesus\", whose divine nature he denied. His work was connected to the T\u00fcbingen School, which revolutionized study of the New Testament, early Christianity, and ancient religions. Strauss was a pioneer in the historical investigation of Jesus.", "Q284017": "Atahualpa Yupanqui (Spanish pronunciation: [ata\u02c8walpa \u0283u\u02c8pa\u014bki]; born H\u00e9ctor Roberto Chavero Aramburu; 31 January 1908 \u2013 23 May 1992) was an Argentine singer, songwriter, guitarist, and writer. He is considered the most important Argentine folk musician of the 20th century.\n\n", "Q363698": "John Herndon Mercer (November 18, 1909 \u2013 June 25, 1976) was an American lyricist, songwriter, and singer. He was also a record label executive who co-founded Capitol Records with music industry businessman Buddy DeSylva and Glenn E. Wallichs.He is best known as a Tin Pan Alley lyricist, but he also composed music. He was also a popular singer who recorded his own songs as well as songs written by others. From the mid-1930s through the mid-1950s, many of the songs Mercer wrote and performed were among the most popular hits of the time, including \"Moon River\", \"Days of Wine and Roses\", \"Autumn Leaves\", and \"Hooray for Hollywood\". He wrote the lyrics to more than 1,500 songs, including compositions for movies and Broadway shows. He received nineteen Oscar nominations, and won four Best Original Song Oscars.", "Q455603": "Norio Ohga (\u5927\u8cc0 \u5178\u96c4, \u014cga Norio), otherwise spelled Norio Oga (January 29, 1930 \u2013 April 23, 2011), was the former president and chairman of Sony Corporation, credited with spurring the development of the compact disc as a commercially viable audio format.", "Q219646": "Vicente Blasco Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez (29 January 1867 \u2013 28 January 1928) was a journalist, politician and best-selling Spanish novelist in various genres whose most widespread and lasting fame in the English-speaking world is from Hollywood films adapted from his works.", "Q208993": "Nicholas Roerich (; October 9, 1874 \u2013 December 13, 1947) \u2013 known also as Nikolai Konstantinovich Rerikh (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0445) \u2013 was a Russian painter, writer, archaeologist, theosophist, philosopher, and public figure, who in his youth was influenced by a movement in Russian society around the spiritual. He was interested in hypnosis and other spiritual practices and his paintings are said to have hypnotic expression.Born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to a well-to-do notary public Baltic German father and a Russian mother, Roerich lived in various places around the world until his death in Naggar, Himachal Pradesh, India. Trained as an artist and a lawyer, his main interests were literature, philosophy, archaeology, and especially art. Roerich was a dedicated activist for the cause of preserving art and architecture during times of war. He was nominated several times to the long list for the Nobel Peace Prize. The so-called Roerich Pact was signed into law by the United States and most nations of the Pan-American Union in April 1935.\n\n", "Q2626100": "Toyota Auto Body Queenseis (\u30c8\u30e8\u30bf\u8eca\u4f53\u30af\u30a4\u30f3\u30b7\u30fc\u30ba, Toyotashatai Kuinsh\u012bzu) is a women's volleyball team based in Kariya city, Aichi, Japan. It plays in V.League Division 1. The club was founded in 1951.\nThe owner of the team is Toyota Auto Body.\nQueenseis is a coined word combining Queen and Seis (\"six\" in Spanish).", "Q353983": "David Blaine White (born April 4, 1973) is an American illusionist, endurance artist, and extreme performer. He is best known for his high-profile feats of endurance and has set and broken several world records.\nBlaine innovated the way magic is shown on television by focusing on spectator reactions. His idea was to turn the camera around on the people watching instead of the performer, to make the audience watch the audience. The New York Times noted that \"he's taken a craft that's been around for hundreds of years and done something unique and fresh with it.\" According to the New York Daily News, \"Blaine can lay claim to his own brand of wizardry. The magic he offers operates on an uncommonly personal level.\" Penn Jillette called Blaine's first television special, Street Magic, \"the biggest breakthrough (in television magic) done in our lifetime\" for changing the perspective of television viewers toward those seeing the trick live.Along with his television specials, Blaine has also made special guest appearance in several talk shows including The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon.\n\n", "Q1418512": "Fiona Jane Hyslop (born 1 August 1964) is a Scottish politician who is the Cabinet Secretary for Culture, Tourism and External Affairs and the Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Linlithgow constituency since 2011, having represented the Lothians Region from 1999 to 2011.", "Q92623": "Jonathan Bruce Postel (; August 6, 1943 \u2013 October 16, 1998) was an American computer scientist who made many significant contributions to the development of the Internet, particularly with respect to standards. He is known principally for being the Editor of the Request for Comment (RFC) document series, for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and for administering the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) until his death. In his lifetime he was known as the \"god of the Internet\" for his comprehensive influence on the medium.\nThe Internet Society's Postel Award is named in his honor, as is the Postel Center at Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California. His obituary was written by Vint Cerf and published as RFC 2468 in remembrance of Postel and his work. In 2012, Postel was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame by the Internet Society. The Channel Islands' Domain Registry building was named after him in early 2016.", "Q3281507": "Malamine Kon\u00e9 (December 21, 1971 in Ni\u00e9na, Mali) is a Malian and French entrepreneur. He is the founder of the sportswear brand Airness. Kon\u00e9 arrived in France at the age of 10 and was raised in the northern Paris suburb of Saint-Denis. Kon\u00e9 became a boxer but his boxing career was cut short after a road accident in 1995. Kon\u00e9 then turned his attention to the fashion business.", "Q51668": "The Passion of the Christ is a 2004 American biblical drama film produced, co-written and directed by Mel Gibson and starring Jim Caviezel as Jesus of Nazareth, Maia Morgenstern as the Virgin Mary, and Monica Bellucci as Mary Magdalene. It depicts the Passion of Jesus largely according to the gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. It also draws on pious accounts such as the Friday of Sorrows along with other devotional writings, such as the reputed Marian apparitions attributed to Anne Catherine Emmerich.The film primarily covers the final 12 hours before Jesus' death, consisting of the Passion, hence the title of the film. It begins with the Agony in the Garden in the Garden of Olives (or Gethsemane), the betrayal of Judas Iscariot, the brutal Scourging at the Pillar, the suffering of Mary as prophesied by Simeon, the crucifixion and death of Christ, and ends with a brief depiction of His resurrection. However, the film also has flashbacks to particular moments in Christ's life, some of which are biblically based, such as The Last Supper and The Sermon on the Mount, and others that are artistic license, such as when Mary comforts Jesus and the scene where Jesus is crafting a table.\nIt was, for the most part, shot in Italy. The dialogue is entirely in Hebrew, Latin, and reconstructed Aramaic. Although Gibson was initially against it, the film is subtitled.\nThe film has been controversial and received largely polarized reviews, with some critics calling the film a religious classic while others found the extreme violence distracting and excessive, and claimed that the film promoted antisemitism. The film grossed over $622 million worldwide and became the seventh-highest-grossing film domestically at the end of its theatrical run. It is currently the highest-grossing Christian film of all time. It received three nominations at the 77th Academy Awards in 2005, for Best Makeup, Best Cinematography, and Best Original Score.\n\n", "Q49027": "Vittorio Mezzogiorno (16 December 1941 \u2013 7 January 1994) was an Italian actor.", "Q119198": "David Fitzgerald Doyle (December 1, 1929 \u2013 February 26, 1997) was an American actor. He was best known for his portrayal of John Bosley on the 1970s TV series Charlie's Angels. Along with Jaclyn Smith, he was one of the only actors to appear in every episode of the show.", "Q349703": "Wes Madiko (born 15 January 1964), better known as Wes, is a Cameroonian musician. He is probably best known among Western audiences for \"In Youpendi\", a song from The Lion King II soundtrack, as well as work with Deep Forest and his own 1997 hit \"Alane\" produced by Michel Sanchez.\nAs of late 2010 until the present, he was working on a new project with electronic composer and producer Paul Kwitek. \n2013 \u2013 Wes Madiko becomes Africa's Ambassador for Michael Jackson's Family Foundation.", "Q89565": "Suzanne Roquette (born 31 August 1942) is a German actress. She is best known for her role as Tanya Alexander in the science fiction television series Space: 1999.", "Q1240522": "Hal Oscar Anger (May 20, 1920 \u2013 October 31, 2005) was an American electrical engineer and biophysicist at Donner Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, known for his invention of the gamma camera.In all, Anger held 15 patents, many of them for work at the Ernest O. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. Anger received several awards in recognition of his inventions and their contributions to the field of nuclear medicine. Anger died in Berkeley, California.", "Q493730": "Spencer Charles Dryden (April 7, 1938 \u2013 January 11, 2005) was an American musician best known as drummer for Jefferson Airplane and New Riders of the Purple Sage. He also played with The Dinosaurs, and The Ashes (later known as The Peanut Butter Conspiracy). He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996.", "Q300465": "A Lonely Place to Die is a 2011 British adventure crime thriller film directed by Julian Gilbey and based on a screenplay from Julian and Will Gilbey. It stars Melissa George, Ed Speleers, Karel Roden, Eamonn Walker, Sean Harris and Kate Magowan.", "Q242124": "Nasrin Sotoudeh (also spelled Sotoodeh; Persian: \u0646\u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200e) is a human rights lawyer in Iran. She has represented imprisoned Iranian opposition activists and politicians following the disputed June 2009 Iranian presidential elections as well as prisoners sentenced to death for crimes committed when they were minors. Her clients have included journalist Isa Saharkhiz, Nobel Peace Prize laureate Shirin Ebadi, and Heshmat Tabarzadi, the head of the banned opposition group National Democratic Front. She has also represented women arrested for appearing in public without a hijab, which is a punishable offence in Iran.Sotoudeh was arrested in September 2010 on charges of spreading propaganda and conspiring to harm state security and was imprisoned in solitary confinement in Evin Prison. In January 2011, Iranian authorities sentenced Sotoudeh to 11 years in prison, in addition to barring her from practising law and from leaving the country for 20 years. Later that year, an appeals court reduced her sentence to six years and her practice ban to ten years.\nIn June 2018 she was again arrested, and on 12 March 2019 sentenced to jail in Tehran, after being charged with several national security-related offences. While a Tehran judge told the Islamic Republic News Agency she was imprisoned for seven years, it was reported by other sources that the maximum sentence included 10 years in prison and 148 lashes, along with six other verdicts and sentences totalling 38 years bundled together.", "Q734537": "Robert Jankel (1 January 1938 \u2013 25 May 2005) was a British designer of limousines, armoured cars, and other speciality vehicles. He also founded the automotive company Panther Westwinds.", "Q441676": "L\u00e9a Drucker (born 23 January 1972) is a French actress.", "Q127076": "Vomiting is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.Vomiting can be caused by a wide variety of conditions; it may be present as a specific response to ailments like gastritis or poisoning, or as a non-specific sequela ranging from brain tumors and elevated intracranial pressure to overexposure to ionizing radiation. The feeling that one is about to vomit is called nausea; it often precedes, but does not always lead to vomiting. Antiemetics are sometimes necessary to suppress nausea and vomiting. In severe cases, where dehydration develops, intravenous fluid may be required. Self-induced vomiting can be a component of an eating disorder such as bulimia, and is itself now an eating disorder on its own, purging disorder.Vomiting is different from regurgitation, though the terms are often used interchangeably. Regurgitation is the return of undigested food back up the esophagus to the mouth, without the force and displeasure associated with vomiting. The causes of vomiting and regurgitation are generally different.", "Q459039": "Yussef Etessami (or Etessam-ol-molk), Iranian journalist, official, publisher, translator, and writer, was born in 1874 and died in 1938. His father Ebrahim was from Ashtian and the head of finance of the Iranian province of Azerbaijan. He was the elder brother of the architect and painter Abolhassan Etessami, and the father of the poet Parvin Etessami.\nIn the 1890s, Yussef Etessami established the first typographical printing house in Tabriz. \nHe was member of the Iranian Parliament or Majles in 1909-12, and founded the Bahar journal in 1910. At various junctures he served in the Ministry of Education and headed the Royal and Majles Libraries.\nThe Bahar journal was a sixty-four-page monthly published in 1910-1 and 1921-2. As noted in the first issue, the purpose of Bahar was \u201cto provide a \u2026 forum for various significant topics of scientific, literary, ethical, historical, and artistic interest to people of understanding, and to acquaint the public with valuable information.\u201d Most of the journal's material was written or translated by Yussef Etessami, and a large part devoted to Western culture. To Edward Granville Browne (1928, 489) Bahar appeared \u201cvery modern and European in tone;\u201d and in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Heshmat Moayyad points out its \u201cliberal and humanistic\u201d orientation.\nIn addition to his contributions to Bahar, Yussef Etessami's produced about forty volumes of translations, in particular some Persian translations of Qasim Amin's Tahrir al-Mara, Victor Hugo's Les Mis\u00e9rables, vol. 1, and Friedrich Schiller's Kabale und Liebe. He is the author also of a commentary in Arabic of Abolqassem al-Zamakhshari's Atwaq ad-Dahab, a three-volume catalogue of manuscripts in the Majles Library.", "Q439915": "Audrey Dalton (born 21 January 1934) is an Irish television and film actress.", "Q22686": "Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current president of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.\nTrump was born and raised in Queens, a borough of New York City, and received a bachelor's degree in economics from the Wharton School. He took charge of his family's real-estate business in 1971, renamed it The Trump Organization, and expanded its operations from Queens and Brooklyn into Manhattan. The company built or renovated skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. Trump later started various side ventures, mostly by licensing his name. He produced and hosted The Apprentice, a reality television series, from 2003 to 2015. As of 2020, Forbes estimated his net worth to be $2.1 billion.Trump entered the 2016 presidential race as a Republican and defeated 16 other candidates in the primaries. His political positions have been described as populist, protectionist, and nationalist. Despite not being favored in most forecasts, he was elected over Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, although he lost the popular vote. He became the oldest first-term U.S. president, and the first without prior military or government service. His election and policies have sparked numerous protests. Trump has made many false or misleading statements during his campaign and presidency. The statements have been documented by fact-checkers, and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics. Many of his comments and actions have been characterized as racially charged or racist.\nDuring his presidency, Trump ordered a travel ban on citizens from several Muslim-majority countries, citing security concerns; after legal challenges, the Supreme Court upheld the policy's third revision. He enacted a tax-cut package for individuals and businesses, rescinding the individual health insurance mandate. He appointed Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court. In foreign policy, Trump has pursued an America First agenda, withdrawing the U.S. from the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade negotiations, the anti-abortion movement, the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the Iran nuclear deal. During increased tensions with Iran, he ordered the killing of Iranian general Qasem Soleimani. He imposed import tariffs triggering a trade war with China, recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, and withdrew U.S. troops in northern Syria to avoid Turkey's offensive on American-allied Kurds.\nA special counsel investigation led by Robert Mueller found that Trump and his campaign welcomed and encouraged Russian foreign interference in the 2016 presidential election under the belief that it would be politically advantageous, but did not find sufficient evidence to press charges of criminal conspiracy or coordination with Russia. Mueller also investigated Trump for obstruction of justice, and his report neither indicted nor exonerated Trump on that count. A 2019 House of Representatives impeachment inquiry found that Trump solicited foreign interference in the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Ukraine to help his re-election bid and then obstructed the inquiry itself. The House impeached Trump on December 18, 2019, for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. The Senate acquitted him of both charges on February 5, 2020.", "Q212713": "Bunky\u014d (\u6587\u4eac\u533a, Bunky\u014d-ku) is a special ward located in Tokyo, Japan. Situated in the middle of the ward area, Bunky\u014d is a residential and educational center. Beginning in the Meiji period, literati like Natsume S\u014dseki, as well as scholars and politicians have lived there. Bunky\u014d is home to the Tokyo Dome, Judo's K\u014dd\u014dkan, and the University of Tokyo's Hongo Campus. Bunky\u014d has a sister-city relationship with Kaiserslautern in the Rhineland-Palatinate of Germany.It was formed in 1947 as a merger of Hongo and Koishikawa wards following Tokyo City's transformation into Tokyo Metropolis. The modern Bunkyo ward exhibits contrasting Shitamachi and Yamanote geographical and cultural division. The Nezu and Sendagi neighborhoods in the ward's eastern corner is attached to the Shitamachi area in Ueno with more traditional Japanese atmosphere. On the other hand, the remaining areas of the ward typically represent Yamanote districts.As of May 1, 2015, the ward has a population of 217,743 (including about 6,500 foreign residents), and a population density of 19,290 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 11.29 km\u00b2.", "Q90034": "Fritz Richard (17 November 1869 \u2013 9 February 1933) was an Austrian actor.\nRichard was born as Josef Richard L\u00f6wit in Chot\u011bbo\u0159, Austria-Hungary and died in Berlin.", "Q504458": "Hugh Anthony Cregg III (born July 5, 1950), known professionally as Huey Lewis, is an American singer, songwriter, and actor.\nLewis sings lead and plays harmonica for his band, Huey Lewis and the News, in addition to writing or co-writing many of the band's songs. The band is known for their third, and best-selling, album Sports, and their contribution to the soundtrack of the 1985 feature film Back to the Future. Lewis previously played with the band Clover from 1972 to 1979.", "Q171556": "Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent (, also UK: , US: , French: [iv s\u025b\u0303 l\u0254\u0281\u0251\u0303]; 1 August 1936 \u2013 1 June 2008), professionally known as Yves Saint-Laurent, was a French fashion designer who, in 1961, founded his eponymous fashion label. He is regarded as being among the foremost fashion designers in the twentieth century. In 1985, Caroline Rennolds Milbank wrote, \"The most consistently celebrated and influential designer of the past twenty-five years, Yves Saint Laurent can be credited with both spurring the couture's rise from its 1960s ashes and with finally rendering ready-to-wear reputable.\" He was able to adapt his style to accommodate the changes in fashion during that period. He approached fashion in a different perspective by wanting women to look comfortable yet elegant at the same time. He is also credited with having introduced the tuxedo suit for women and was known for his use of non-European cultural references, and non-white models.", "Q53719": "Looper is a 2012 American science fiction action film written and directed by Rian Johnson, and produced by Ram Bergman and James D. Stern. It stars Bruce Willis, Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Emily Blunt. It revolves around \"present-day\" contract killers called \"loopers\" hired by criminal syndicates from the future to terminate victims whom they send back through time.\nLooper was selected as the opening film of the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and was released in the United States on September 28, 2012. The film received critical acclaim and was a box office success, grossing $176 million worldwide on a $30 million budget.", "Q137503": "The University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a (Polish: Uniwersytet \u0141\u00f3dzki, Latin: Universitas Lodziensis) is a public research university founded in 1945 in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland, as a continuation of educational institutions functioning in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a in the interwar period \u2014 the Teacher Training Institute (1921\u20131928), the Higher School of Social and Economic Sciences (1924\u20131928) and a division of the Free Polish University (1928\u20131939).\nThe University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a (alternative spelling: University of Lodz) is a fully accredited, state-owned, traditional university. It is one of 18 institutions of its type in Poland.It has more than 25,000 students and 2,600 teachers.\nIts international cooperation includes 385 partner institutions from all over the world.A range of BA, MA, and postgraduate courses held in English as a language of instruction are offered to Polish and overseas students.As a result of widespread cooperation with universities all over the world, including Universit\u00e9 Jean Moulin Lyon 3, Universit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois \u2013 Rabelais (Tours), University of Texas at Austin, Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms \u2013 Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, University of Baltimore, the R. H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, Centria University of Applied Sciences (Kokkola, Finland), and the Towson University, students of the University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a can graduate with dual diplomas.", "Q1198697": "Pruitt Taylor Vince (born July 5, 1960) is an American actor. He became known for his roles in the films Shy People (1987) and Mississippi Burning (1988). He went on to appear in several films such as Jacob's Ladder (1990), Nobody's Fool (1994), Heavy (1995), Beautiful Girls (1996), The Legend of 1900 (1998), Identity (2003), Constantine (2005), Gotti (2018) and Bird Box (2018).\nVince has also appeared on many television series. In 1997, he won a Primetime Emmy Award for his guest role as Clifford Banks in the second season of the television series Murder One.", "Q54076": "Essex County is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. As of the 2010 census, the total population was 743,159, making it the third-most populous county in the state. It is part of the Greater Boston area (the Boston\u2013Cambridge\u2013Newton, MA\u2013NH Metropolitan Statistical Area). The largest city in Essex County is Lynn. The county was named after the English county of Essex.\nIt has two traditional county seats: Salem and Lawrence. Prior to the dissolution of the county government in 1999, Salem had jurisdiction over the Southern Essex District, and Lawrence had jurisdiction over the Northern Essex District, but currently these cities do not function as seats of government. However, the county and the districts remain as administrative regions recognized by various governmental agencies, which gathered vital statistics or disposed of judicial case loads under these geographic subdivisions, and are required to keep the records based on them. The county has been designated the Essex National Heritage Area by the National Park Service.", "Q42614": "The Book of Deuteronomy (literally \"second law\" from Greek deuteros + nomos) is the fifth book of the Jewish Torah, where it is called Devarim (Heb. \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd), \"the words [of Moses]\".\nChapters 1\u201330 of the book consist of three sermons or speeches delivered to the Israelites by Moses on the plains of Moab, shortly before they enter the Promised Land. The first sermon recounts the forty years of wilderness wanderings which had led to that moment, and ends with an exhortation to observe the law (or teachings), later referred to as the Law of Moses; the second reminds the Israelites of the need to follow Yahweh and the laws (or teachings) he has given them, on which their possession of the land depends; and the third offers the comfort that even should Israel prove unfaithful and so lose the land, with repentance all can be restored. The final four chapters (31\u201334) contain the Song of Moses, the Blessing of Moses, and narratives recounting the passing of the mantle of leadership from Moses to Joshua and, finally, the death of Moses on Mount Nebo.\nVirtually all secular scholars reject its attribution to Moses and date the book much later, between the 7th and 5th centuries BC. Chapters 12\u201326, containing the Deuteronomic Code, are the earliest section, followed by the second prologue (Ch. 5-11), and then the first prologue (Ch. 1-4); the chapters following 26 are similarly layered. Most scholars believe that the Deuteronomic Code was composed during the late monarchic period, around the time of King Josiah (late 7th century BC), although some scholars have argued for a later date, either during the Babylonian captivity (597-539 BC) or during the Persian period (539-332 BC). Many scholars see the book as reflecting the economic needs and social status of the Levite caste, who are believed to have provided its authors; those likely authors are collectively referred to as the Deuteronomist.\nOne of its most significant verses is Deuteronomy 6:4, the Shema Yisrael, which has become the definitive statement of Jewish identity: \"Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God, the LORD is one.\" Verses 6:4\u20135 were also quoted by Jesus in Mark 12:28\u201334 as part of the Great Commandment.\n\n", "Q15994": "Hilde Urbanie Julia Crevits (born 28 June 1967, in Torhout) is a Belgian politician from Flanders and member of the Christian Democratic and Flemish party who is currently the Flemish minister of Education.\nCrevits graduated from Ghent University as a Licentiate of Law in 1990 and subsequently became a lawyer.\nCrevits served on the provincial council of West Flanders from 1999 to 2004, when she was elected to the Flemish Parliament in the 2004 regional elections. From 2000 to 2007 she served as an alderman in Torhout.\nAfter the 2007 Belgian federal elections, in the cabinet reshuffle of 28 June 2007, Crevits took over the competences of Kris Peeters in the Flemish Government as Flemish minister of Public Works, Energy, the Environment and Nature. After the 2009 regional elections she became Flemish minister of Mobility and Public Works in the Peeters II Government.\nAfter the 2014 elections, she became the Vice-Minister-President and Minister of Education in the Bourgeois Government.\nSince 9 May 2016 she has also been mayor of Torhout.\n\n", "Q1374693": "Linda Chung Ka-yan (Chinese: \u937e\u5609\u6b23) (born in 9 April 1984) is a Chinese-Canadian actress, singer and songwriter. She signed a long-term contract with TVB in 2004 after winning the Miss Chinese International. Chung has ended her contract with TVB in 2018.\nAs a singer, Chung has released four studio albums, Dinner for One, World for Two (2008), My Love Story (2009), My Private Selection (2011), and Love Love Love (2012).", "Q765778": "An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists. In addition, an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music.", "Q34782": "Natalie Clifford Barney (October 31, 1876 \u2013 February 2, 1972) was an American playwright, poet and novelist who lived as an expatriate in Paris.\nBarney's salon was held at her home at 20 rue Jacob in Paris's Left Bank for more than 60 years and brought together writers and artists from around the world, including many leading figures in French literature along with American and British Modernists of the Lost Generation. She worked to promote writing by women and formed a \"Women's Academy\" (L'Acad\u00e9mie des Femmes) in response to the all-male French Academy while also giving support and inspiration to male writers from Remy de Gourmont to Truman Capote.She was openly lesbian and began publishing love poems to women under her own name as early as 1900, considering scandal as \"the best way of getting rid of nuisances\" (meaning heterosexual attention from young men). She wrote in both French and English. In her writings she supported feminism and pacifism. She opposed monogamy and had many overlapping long and short-term relationships, including on-and-off romances with poet Ren\u00e9e Vivien and dancer Armen Ohanian and a 50-year relationship with painter Romaine Brooks. Her life and love affairs served as inspiration for many novels, ranging from the salacious French bestseller Idylle Saphique to The Well of Loneliness, the most famous lesbian novel of the twentieth century.", "Q69491": "L\u00fcscherz is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q605926": "Antonio da Ponte (1512\u20131597) was a Venetian architect and engineer, most famous for his rebuilding of the Rialto Bridge in Venice.\nAntonio Da Ponte was head architect of the rebuilding of the Ducal Palace that was badly damaged by fire in 1574. After the original wooden structure of the Rialto Bridge had collapsed repeatedly, it was decided that a stone bridge was necessary. Between 1588 and 1591 da Ponte rebuilt the Rialto Bridge to a design to which he had contributed.The design was selected in a contest held by the local authorities under Doge of Venice Pasquale Cicogna. Though Da Ponte is relatively unknown otherwise, the design for the Venice landmark defeated submissions by noted architects of the time, including Michelangelo.\nPlans were offered by famous architects such as Jacopo Sansovino, Andrea Palladio and Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, but all involved a Classical approach with several arches, which was judged inappropriate to the situation.The engineering of the bridge throws considerable weight on its foundations. It was considered so audacious that architect Vincenzo Scamozzi predicted future ruin. However the bridge has defied its critics to become one of the architectural icons of Venice.In the construction of this work Antonio was helped by his nephew Antonio Contino, who would also later design the famous Bridge of Sighs (Ponte dei Sospiri). In 1841, the Parisian architect Antoine Rondelet wrote about the suspicious similarities between Antonio da Ponte's project and the one by Vincenzo Scamozzi.", "Q153091": "The Duchy of Prussia (German: Herzogtum Preu\u00dfen, Polish: Ksi\u0119stwo Pruskie) or Ducal Prussia (German: Herzogliches Preu\u00dfen; Polish: Prusy Ksi\u0105\u017c\u0119ce) was a duchy in the region of Prussia established as a result of secularization of the State of the Teutonic Order during the Protestant Reformation in 1525.\nIt was the first Protestant state when Albert, Duke of Prussia formally adopted Lutheranism as early as 1525. It was inhabited by a German, Polish (mainly in Masuria) and Lithuanian-speaking (mainly in Lithuania Minor) population. In old texts and in Latin, the term Prut(h)enia refers alike to Ducal Prussia, and the breakaway province of Royal Prussia, and their common predecessor, Teutonic Prussia. The adjectival form of the name was \"Prut(h)enic\".In 1525 during the Protestant Reformation, in accordance to the Treaty of Krak\u00f3w, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, Albert, secularized the order's Prussian territory, becoming Albert, Duke of Prussia. The new duke established Lutheranism as the first Protestant state church. The land retained its independence, the capital remained in K\u00f6nigsberg (Polish: Kr\u00f3lewiec, Lithuanian: Karaliau\u010dius; modern Kaliningrad), while the duke chose the king of Poland, his uncle, as titular liege. The duchy was inherited by the Hohenzollern prince-electors of Brandenburg in 1618; this personal union is referred to as Brandenburg-Prussia. Frederick William, the \"Great Elector\" of Brandenburg, achieved full sovereignty\u2014less the titular liege-lord\u2014over the duchy under the 1657 Treaty of Wehlau, confirmed in the 1660 Treaty of Oliva. In the following years, attempts were made to return under Polish suzerainty, especially by the capital city of K\u00f6nigsberg, whose burghers rejected the treaties and viewed the region as part of Poland. The Duchy of Prussia was elevated to a kingdom in 1701.", "Q3427825": "Johan Frederik Thorne (23 December 1801 \u2013 7 March 1854) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician.\nHe was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1833, 1839, 1845 and 1848, representing the constituency of Drammen. He worked as a merchant, timber trader, estate owner and vice consul.He married Henriette Dorthea Schive, but she died in 1841. In 1842 he married for the second time, this time to Gurina Johanna Paasche. Their son Johan Henrik Paasche Thorne became a notable businessman and politician, and their daughter Sara married businessman and politician Theodor Peterson. Johan Frederik's brother was S\u00f8ren Wilhelm Thorne.", "Q210662": "Zygmunt Balicki (30 December 1858 in Lublin \u2013 12 September 1916 in Saint Petersburg) was a Polish sociologist, publicist and one of the first leading thinkers of the modern Polish nationalism in the late 19th century under the foreign Partitions of Poland. Balicki developed his original political thought inspired by the ideals of Aleksander \u015awi\u0119tochowski from the movement of Positivism which was marked by the attempts at trying to stop the wholesale Russification and Germanization of the Poles ever since the Polish language was banned in reprisal for the January Uprising. Along with Roman Dmowski, Balicki was a key protagonist in the National Democratic campaign of antisemitic agitation.\n\n", "Q49999": "Akinori Eto (\u6c5f\u6e21 \u8061\u5fb3, Eto Akinori, born 1955) is a Japanese politician and the former defense minister of Japan.", "Q19176": "Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, Princess of Mindelheim, Countess of Nellenburg (n\u00e9e Jenyns, spelled Jennings in most modern references; 5 June 1660 (Old Style) \u2013 18 October 1744), was an English courtier who rose to be one of the most influential women of her time through her close friendship with Anne, Queen of Great Britain. Sarah's friendship and influence with Princess Anne were widely known, and leading public figures often turned their attentions to her in the hope that she would influence Anne to comply with requests. As a result, by the time Anne became Queen, Sarah\u2019s knowledge of government and intimacy with the queen had made her a powerful friend and a dangerous enemy.\nSarah enjoyed a \"long and devoted\" relationship with her husband of more than 40 years, John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. She acted as Anne's agent after Anne's father, King James II, was deposed during the Glorious Revolution; and she promoted her interests during the rule of James's successors, King William III and Queen Mary II. When Anne came to the throne after William's death in 1702, the Duke of Marlborough, together with Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin, rose to head the government, partly owing to his wife's friendship with the queen. \nWhile the Duke was out of the country commanding troops in the War of the Spanish Succession, Sarah kept him informed of court intrigue, while he sent her requests and political advice, which she would then convey to the queen. Sarah tirelessly campaigned on behalf of the Whigs, while also devoting much of her time to building projects such as Blenheim Palace. A strong-willed woman, she strained her relationship with the Queen whenever they disagreed on political, court, or church appointments. After her final break with Anne in 1711, Sarah and her husband were dismissed from the court, but she had her revenge under the Hanoverians following Anne's death. She later had famous disagreements with many important people, including her daughter Henrietta Godolphin, 2nd Duchess of Marlborough; the architect of Blenheim Palace, John Vanbrugh; Prime Minister Robert Walpole; King George II; and his wife, Queen Caroline. The money she inherited from the Marlborough trust left her one of the richest women in Europe. She died in 1744, aged 84.", "Q541662": "Savitri Devi Jindal (born (1950-03-20)20 March 1950) is an Indian businesswoman.", "Q1343007": "An electronic keyboard, portable keyboard, or digital keyboard is an electronic musical instrument, an electronic or digital derivative of keyboard instruments.\nBroadly speaking, the term electronic keyboard or just a keyboard can refer to any type of digital or electronic keyboard instrument. These include synthesizers, digital pianos, stage pianos, electronic organs and digital audio workstations. However, an electronic keyboard is more specifically a synthesizer with a built-in low-wattage power amplifier and small loudspeakers.\nElectronic keyboards are capable of recreating a wide range of instrument sounds (piano, Hammond organ, pipe organ, violin, etc.) and synthesizer tones with less complex sound synthesis. Electronic keyboards are usually designed for home users, beginners and other non-professional users. They typically have unweighted keys. The least expensive models do not have velocity-sensitive keys, but mid- to high-priced models do. Home keyboards typically have little, if any, digital sound editing capacity. The user typically selects from a range of preset \"voices\" or sounds, which include imitations of many instruments and some electronic synthesizer sounds. Home keyboards have a much lower cost than professional synthesizers. Casio and Yamaha are among the leading manufacturers of home keyboards.", "Q252469": "Lee Ryan (born 17 June 1983) is an English singer-songwriter and actor. He is best known as a member of the English boy band Blue.\nHe has also appeared in pantomime over the years; his most recent the role was the Prince at the Darlington Hippodrome in 2017.\nLee took part in the BBC series Strictly Come Dancing. He was partnered with professional dancer Nadiya Bychkova and was the second contestant to be eliminated on 7 October 2018. In 2019, Ryan starred in Celebs go dating and released his first single after nine years called Ghost.", "Q7141532": "Pasadena City College (PCC) is a public community college in Pasadena, California.", "Q3520800": "Ramnath Goenka (2/ April 1904\u2013 5 October 1991) was an Indian newspaper publisher. He launched The Indian Express in 1932 and created the Indian Express Group with various English and regional language publications. In 2000, India Today magazine, named him amongst their list of \"100 People Who Shaped India\". The Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards, named after Ramnath Goenka, have become one of the most prestigious award functions for Indian journalists.", "Q213353": "The Cisalpine Republic (Italian: Repubblica Cisalpina) was a sister republic of France in Northern Italy that lasted from 1797 to 1802.\n\n", "Q298360": "Greyson Michael Chance (born August 16, 1997) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. He rose to national attention in 2010 with his performance of Lady Gaga's \"Paparazzi\" at a grade school music festival which went viral on YouTube, gaining over 65 million views. Two of his original compositions, \"Stars\" and \"Broken Hearts\", gained over six and eight million views respectively on his channel. Chance's debut single, \"Waiting Outside the Lines\", was released in October 2010 followed by his debut studio album, Hold On 'til the Night, in August 2011.\nChance released his second extended play, Somewhere Over My Head, in May 2016. The lead single, \"Afterlife\", was released in October 2015, followed by \"Hit and Run\" and \"Back On the Wall\" in 2016. In March 2019, Chance released his second full-length album, Portraits with the lead single, \"Shut Up\", followed by \"Timekeeper\".", "Q16058214": "Aggabodhi VIII was King of Anuradhapura in the 9th century, whose reign lasted from 816 to 827. He succeeded his brother Mahinda III as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by his brother Dappula III.", "Q961671": "Richard John Parfitt, OBE (12 October 1948 \u2013 24 December 2016) was an English musician, best known as a singer, songwriter and rhythm guitarist with rock band Status Quo.\nParfitt began his career in the early 1960s, playing in pubs and holiday camps. He joined Status Quo in 1967 when they were looking for an additional singer. He wrote songs for the band and remained with them for 49 years. He occasionally guested with other bands, and recorded an unreleased solo album in 1985. In 2016, Parfitt temporarily retired from touring with the band due to ill health, and died in December of that year. His only solo album, Over and Out, was released posthumously in 2018.", "Q88125": "Anna Elisabet Weirauch (7 August 1887, Gala\u0163i \u2013 21 December 1970, West Berlin) was a German author. Weirauch was an important figure for lesbians in Germany in the early 1900s, as well as for lesbians in the 1970s-1980s following an English translation. Her most well-known work is Der Skorpion, which was a significant piece of lesbian literature which broke from traditional peers in the genre.", "Q7525": "Sevastopol (; Ukrainian: \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c; Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c; Crimean Tatar: Aqyar, \u0410\u043a\u044a\u044f\u0440) is the largest city on the Crimean Peninsula and a major Black Sea port. Since annexing Crimea in 2014, the Russian Federation has administered Sevastopol as a federal city. Nevertheless, Ukraine and most of the UN member countries continue to regard Sevastopol as a city with special status within Ukraine. The population is made up of mostly Russians with small numbers of Ukrainians and Tatars.\nSevastopol has a population of 393,304 (2014 Census), concentrated mostly near the Sevastopol Bay and surrounding areas. The location and navigability of the city's harbours have made Sevastopol a strategically important port and naval base throughout history. The city has been a home to the Russian Black Sea Fleet, which is why it was considered as a separate city in Crimea of significant military importance and was once operated by the Soviet Union as a closed city.\nAlthough relatively small at 864 square kilometres (334 sq mi), Sevastopol's unique naval and maritime features have been the basis for a robust economy. The city enjoys mild winters and moderate warm summers, characteristics that help make it a popular seaside resort and tourist destination, mainly for visitors from the former Soviet republics. The city is also an important centre for marine biology research. In particular, dolphins have been studied and trained in the city by the military since the end of World War II.", "Q288173": "Mission: Impossible III (stylized as M:i:III) is a 2006 American action spy film co-written and directed by J. J. Abrams (in his directorial debut), co-written by Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci, and co-produced by and starring Tom Cruise in the role of IMF agent Ethan Hunt. It is the third installment in the Mission: Impossible film series, following 2000's Mission: Impossible 2. In the film, Ethan (Cruise) has retired from field work for the Impossible Missions Force (IMF) and trains new recruits. However, he is sent back into action to track down the elusive arms dealer Owen Davian (Philip Seymour Hoffman).\nMission: Impossible III premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 26, 2006, and was released in the United States on May 5, 2006. It received generally positive reviews from critics, who considered it an improvement over its predecessors, and was a commercial success, grossing over $397 million against a $150 million budget. It was followed by Mission: Impossible \u2013 Ghost Protocol in 2011.", "Q503469": "Cahul (Romanian pronunciation: [ka\u02c8hul]; also known by other alternative names) is a city and municipality in southern Moldova. The city is the administrative center of Cahul District; it also administers one village, Cotihana. As of 2014 census, the city has had a population of 30,018.", "Q383754": "Nikolaj Lie Kaas (Danish: [\u02c8ne\u031dko\u02ccl\u0251j\u02c0 \u02c8li\u02c0 \u02c8k\u02b0\u0254\u02c0s]; born 22 May 1973) is a Danish actor whose career rose in the 1990s. His name is pronounced \"Necolai Li K\u00e5s\". Kaas graduated from the National Theater School in Denmark in 1998. He first appeared on screen in S\u00f8ren Kragh-Jacobsen's film The Boys from St. Petri in 1991 as Otto, the rebel son of a traitor.\nHe has hosted the Zulu Comedy Galla on Danish TV three times (2009, 2011, 2012).\nHe is the son of actor Preben Kaas and actress/writer Anne Mari Lie. He has two daughters.In 2002 and 2012, he won the Robert Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role.In 2012, he received the Lauritzen Award.In 2003, he was named as one of European films \"Shooting Stars\" by European Film Promotion.", "Q1575936": "Nikiforos Bithoulkas (Greek: \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2, born 24 May 1988) known as simply Nikiforos is a Greek singer and songwriter.", "Q1684977": "Jean-Louis Matinier (born 1963 in Nevers, France) is a leading contemporary accordion player in the fields of jazz and world music.", "Q77697": "Schweipolt Fiol (also Sebald Vehl or Veyl; born approximately in 1460? - died 1525 or 1526) was a German-born 15th century pioneer of Cyrillic printing.Fiol spent a considerable part of his life in Poland, particularly Krak\u00f3w, the capital of the Polish Kingdom at the time. The city was famous for its university. The burgeoning of the arts and sciences contributed to the early emergence of book printing here: as early as 1473-1477 there was a print shop in Krak\u00f3w, which published numerous theological works.\nFiol worked as a mining engineer and jeweler, and then took over a print shop. It is this print shop, owned by Fiol, which first published in Cyrillic such religious books as Eastern Slavic editions of Horologion, Octoechos, and the two Triodi.\nThe very first book printed in Cyrillic script, Oktoikh (Octoechos), was published by Fiol in 1491 in Krak\u00f3w.", "Q66942": "Daniel Casper (25 January 1635 in Nimptsch, Niederschlesien \u2013 28 April 1683 in Breslau, Niederschlesien), also spelled Daniel Caspar, and referred to from 1670 as Daniel Casper von Lohenstein, was a Baroque Silesian playwright, lawyer, diplomat, poet, and chief representative of the Second Silesian School.", "Q4008476": "Van Nuys High School (VNHS), established in 1914, is a public high school in the Van Nuys district of Los Angeles, belonging to the Los Angeles Unified School District: District 2. The school is home to a Residential Program and three Magnet Programs\u2014Math/Science, Performing Arts, and Medical.\nSeveral neighborhoods, including much of Van Nuys, portions of Sherman Oaks, Magnolia Woods, and Victory Park, are zoned to this school.", "Q721102": "Todor Stoyanov Burmov (Bulgarian: \u0422\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0411\u0443\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432) (14 January 1834 \u2013 7 November 1906) was a leading Bulgarian Conservative Party politician and the first Prime Minister of an independent Bulgaria.\nBurmov was a graduate of the Kiev Theological Academy and subsequently worked as a teacher in Gabrovo and newspaper editor. During the period of Ottoman rule Burmov, along with Gavril Krastevich, came to attention as part of a moderate faction that sought an independent Bulgarian Orthodox Church that would remain linked to the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in opposition to more hardline nationalists who advocated a complete schism.Burmov was a close associate of Alexander of Bulgaria and so was chosen as the Prime Minister of the newly independent country on 17 July 1879 despite the relatively weak position of the Conservatives. Burmov's regime was mostly involved in trying to stabilize the new country, including placing Varna and other areas of Muslim insurgency under martial law. The government largely proved a failure due to the lack of support for the Conservatives in the Assembly and it fell that same year.Burmov remained a leading political figure after his spell as Prime Minister, serving as Finance Minister in the government of Leonid Sobolev and the second regime of Archbishop Kliment Turnovski. Returning to journalism, Burmov would later leave the Conservatives and become a member of Dragan Tsankov's Progressive Liberal Party.", "Q188875": "Leopoldo Antonio Lugones Arg\u00fcello (13 June 1874 \u2013 18 February 1938) was an Argentine poet, essayist, novelist, playwright, historian, professor, translator, biographer, philologist, theologian, diplomat, politician and journalist. His poetic writings are often considered to be the founding works of Spanish-language modern poetry (not, however, modernismo). His short stories made him a crucial precursor and also a pioneer of both the fantastic and science fiction literature in Argentina.", "Q279834": "William Goldwyn Nunn III (October 20, 1953 \u2013 September 24, 2016) was an American actor known for his roles as Radio Raheem in Spike Lee's film Do the Right Thing and Robbie Robertson in the Sam Raimi Spider-Man film trilogy.", "Q663443": "Hemin Mukriyani or H\u00eamin Mukriy\u0101n\u012b (1921\u20131986) was the pen name for Seyed Mohammad-Amin Shaikholislami Mukri, Kurdish poet, journalist, translator, and literary critic.\nHe was born in the village of Lachin, near Mahabad in 1921. After going through the elementary school of Saadat in Mahabad and completing his religious training at the Shaikh Borhan's Khanaqah in the village of Sharafkand, Hemin joined the Kurdish Resurrection Party (Komeley Jiyanewey Kurd), founded in 1942. This was the first Kurdish political organization with a clear ambition for the establishment of an independent Greater Kurdistan. During the World War II when the Red Army invaded parts of northern Iran, including most of Azarbaijan and parts of Kurdistan, KJK changed its name to Kurdish Democratic Party and declared the first Kurdish republic with Mahabad as its capital. Mukriyani, along with his best friend Abd-al-Rahman Sharafkandi (Hazhar), was named the Kurdish national poet of the Republic of Mahabad, and became the secretary of Haji Baba Shaikh, the prime minister and head of the self-proclaimed Republic. He fled the oppression that followed the downfall of the Republic in December 1946 and he took refuge in Sl\u00eaman\u00ee in Southern Kurdistan, where he was arrested. He was released after a while. After the agreements of 11 March 1970, which allowed the Kurdish insurgents and Baghdad's central government a four years' respite, Hemin settled down in Baghdad and became an active member of the Kurdish Academy of Science.", "Q231694": "Interscope Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group through its Interscope Geffen A&M imprint. Founded in late 1990 by Jimmy Iovine and Ted Field as a $20 million joint venture with Atlantic Records of Warner Music Group, it differed from most record companies by letting A&R staff control decisions and allowing artists and producers full creative control. Its first hit records arrived in under a year, and it achieved profitability in 1993. Chair and CEO until May 2014, Iovine was succeeded by John Janick.In 1992, Interscope acquired the exclusive rights to market and distribute releases from the hardcore hip hop label Death Row, whose artists included Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg, a decision that ultimately put the label at the center of the mid-1990s gangsta rap controversy. As a result, Time Warner, owning Atlantic, severed ties with Interscope by selling its 50 percent stake back to Field and Iovine for $115 million in 1995. In 1996, 50% of the label was acquired for a reported $200 million by MCA Inc., later known as Universal Music Group.\nBased in Santa Monica, California, Interscope has a roster including Eminem, Madonna, Billie Eilish, Gwen Stefani, Imagine Dragons, Summer Walker, Kendrick Lamar, Lady Gaga, Lana Del Rey, Maroon 5, Selena Gomez, and U2.", "Q444": "Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa (Polish: [\u02c8l\u025b\u0263 va\u02c8w\u025b\u0303sa] (listen); born 29 September 1943) is a Polish statesman, dissident, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, who served as the first democratically-elected President of Poland from 1990 to 1995. A shipyard electrician by trade, he became the leader of Solidarity, and led a successful pro-democratic effort which in 1989 ended the communist rule in Poland and ushered in the end of the Cold War.While working at the Lenin Shipyard (now Gda\u0144sk Shipyard), Wa\u0142\u0119sa, an electrician, became a trade-union activist, for which he was persecuted by the Communist authorities, placed under surveillance, fired in 1976, and arrested several times. In August 1980, he was instrumental in political negotiations that led to the ground-breaking Gda\u0144sk Agreement between striking workers and the government. He co-founded the Solidarity trade-union movement which membership rose to over ten million people.After martial law was imposed in Poland and Solidarity was outlawed, Wa\u0142\u0119sa was again arrested. Released from custody, he continued his activism and was prominent in the establishment of the 1989 Round Table Agreement that led to semi-free parliamentary elections in June 1989 and to a Solidarity-led government.After winning the Polish presidential election of 1990, Wa\u0142\u0119sa became the first President of Poland ever elected in a popular vote. He presided over Poland's successful transition from communism into a free-market liberal democracy, but his active role in Polish politics diminished after he narrowly lost the 1995 presidential election.In 1995, he established Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa Institute.Since 1980, Wa\u0142\u0119sa has received hundreds of prizes, honors and awards from many countries of the world. He was named the Time Person of the Year (1981), one of Time's 100 most important people of the 20th century (1999), received over forty honorary degrees, including from Harvard University and Columbia University as well as dozens of highest state orders: Presidential Medal of Freedom, Knight Grand Cross of the British Order of the Bath or French Grand Cross of Legion of Honour. In 1989, Wa\u0142\u0119sa was the first foreign non-head of state to ever address the Joint Meeting of the U.S. Congress. The Gdansk Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa Airport bears his name since 2004.\n\n", "Q838076": "Professor Charles Francis Xavier (colloquial: Professor X) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is depicted as the founder and sometimes leader of the X-Men. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in The X-Men #1 (September 1963).\nXavier is a member of a subspecies of humans known as mutants, who are born with superhuman abilities. The founder of the X-Men, Xavier is an exceptionally powerful telepath who can read and control the minds of others. To both shelter and train mutants from around the world, he runs a private school in the X-Mansion in Salem Center, located in Westchester County, New York. Xavier also strives to serve a greater good by promoting peaceful coexistence and equality between humans and mutants in a world where zealous anti-mutant bigotry is widespread.\nThroughout much of the character's history in comics, Xavier is a paraplegic variously using either a wheelchair or a modified version of one. One of the world's most powerful mutant telepaths, Xavier is a scientific genius and a leading authority in genetics. Furthermore, he has shown noteworthy talents in devising equipment to greatly enhance psionic powers. Xavier is perhaps best known in this regard for the creation of a device called Cerebro, a technology that serves to detect and track those individuals possessing the mutant gene, at the same time greatly expanding the gifts of those with existing psionic abilities.\nFrom a social policy and philosophical perspective, Xavier deeply resents the violent methods of those like his former close friend and occasional enemy, the supervillain Magneto. Instead, he has presented his platform of uncompromising pacifism to see his dream to fruition \u2013 one that seeks to live harmoniously alongside humanity, just the same as it desires full-fledged civil rights and equality for all mutants. Xavier's actions and goals in life have therefore often been compared to those of Martin Luther King Jr. for his involvement with the American civil rights struggle, whereas Magneto is often compared with the more militant civil rights activist Malcolm X.The character's creation and development occurred simultaneously with the civil rights struggle, taking place in the 1960s, while Xavier's first appearance dates to 1963. The fictionalized plight in the comics of mutantkind faced with exceptional intolerance and prejudice was done in large part to better illustrate to audiences of the day what was transpiring across the United States, just the same as it also served to further promote ideals of tolerance and equality for all.Patrick Stewart portrayed the character in the first four films in the X-Men film series and in various video games, while James McAvoy portrayed a younger version of the character in the 2011 prequel X-Men: First Class. Both actors reprised the role in the film X-Men: Days of Future Past. McAvoy reprised the role in X-Men: Apocalypse, and Stewart in Logan. McAvoy made a cameo in Deadpool 2 and reprised his role in Dark Phoenix. Harry Lloyd portrayed the character in the third season of the television series Legion.", "Q172067": "Outside of Japan, hentai (\u5909\u614b or \u3078\u3093\u305f\u3044; listen English: ; lit. \"pervert\") is anime and manga pornography. In the Japanese language, however, \"hentai\" is not a genre of media but any type of perverse or bizarre sexual desire or act. For example, outside of Japan a work of animation depicting lesbian sex might be described as \"yuri hentai\", but in Japan it would just be described as \"yuri\".\nThe word is short for hentai seiyoku (\u5909\u614b\u6027\u6b32), a perverse sexual desire. The original meaning of hentai in the Japanese language is a transformation or metamorphosis. The implication of perversion or paraphilia was derived from there. Both meanings can be easily distinguished in context.", "Q283026": "Sir Basil Zaharoff, GCB, GBE, born Vasileios Zacharias (Greek: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 Z\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0396\u03b1\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c6; October 6, 1849 \u2013 November 27, 1936), was a Greek arms dealer and industrialist. One of the richest men in the world during his lifetime, Zaharoff was described as a \"merchant of death\" and \"mystery man of Europe\". His success was forged through his cunning, often aggressive and sharp, business tactics. These included the sale of arms to opposing sides in conflicts, sometimes delivering fake or faulty machinery and skilfully using the press to attack business rivals.\nZaharoff maintained close contacts with many powerful political leaders, including British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos and Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II; he served as a primary inspiration for Ian Fleming's fictional James Bond villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld.", "Q67484": "Sonvico (Sonv\u00ecch in the Lombard language) is a quarter of the city of Lugano and former municipality of the Lugano district in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the municipality of Sonvico merged into the municipality of Lugano becoming a new neighborhood. The medieval part of Sonvico village consist is an old citadel with a compacted structure full of narrow and intricate lanes.", "Q1382883": "Johan Edlund (born 9 March 1971) is a Swedish singer, guitarist, and keyboardist and leader of the bands Tiamat and Lucyfire. He has also re-mixed songs for Rammstein and London After Midnight. He was also a guest singer in the Dutch progressive metal project, Ayreon.\nEdlund was born in S\u00f6dert\u00e4lje, Stockholm County. At the beginning of his career, he relied solely on death grunts for singing but later switched to deep, baritone vocals, in part because Tiamat underwent a significant shift in musical styles during the middle of the 1990s. He lives in Nova Scotia with his Canadian wife and family.", "Q540544": "Robert Laurence Barr Jr. (born November 5, 1948) is an American attorney and politician. He served as a federal prosecutor and as a Congressman.He represented Georgia's 7th congressional district as a Republican from 1995 to 2003. Barr attained national prominence as one of the leaders of the impeachment of President Bill Clinton.Barr joined the Libertarian Party in 2006 and served on its National Committee. He was the Libertarian Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2008 election. Barr announced his return to the Republican party in December 2011. He lost a subsequent bid in 2014 for a Congressional seat.", "Q560694": "Ardian Klosi (9 July 1957 \u2013 26 April 2012) was an Albanian publicist, albanologist, writer, translator and social activist. He graduated Albanian literature at the University of Tirana in 1981 and received his PhD on German and Comparative Literature at the University of Innsbruck.", "Q85401": "Daniela Raschhofer (b. 19 June 1960 at Braunau am Inn, Austria) is an Austrian politician, former Member of the European Parliament for Austria, belonging to the Freedom Party of Austria.\nDaniela Raschhofer was born on 19 June 1960 at Braunau am Inn, Austria. After finishing elementary school, Raschhofer passed her Matura at a high school for women's economic occupation. After training to become an elementary school teacher in Salzburg, Raschhofer moved to Linz and studied to become a vocational teacher. She also worked in a law office, spent a year abroad in Paris, and taught in her birth town of Braunau am Inn. In 1991, Raschhofer became a member of the Upper Austrian Landtag, and also a became a member of the council of Braunau am Inn the same year. In 1996 she ceased being a member of her landtag, as on 11 November 1996 she became a Member of the European Parliament, representing Austria as a member of the Freedom Party of Austria.During her time as a Member of the European Parliament, Raschhofer served on the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development, the Committee on Regional Policy, the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy and the Members from the European Parliament to the Joint Assembly of the Agreement between the African, Caribbean and Pacific States and the European Union. She also served sporadically as a committee member of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Protection, the Committee on Culture, Youth, Education, the Media and Sport and the Committee on Women's Rights and Equal Opportunities.In 2003, a Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold for Services to the Republic of Austria was conferred upon Raschhofer by Andreas Khol.\n\n", "Q454243": "Antonio Abetti (June 19, 1846 \u2013 February 20, 1928) was an Italian astronomer.\nBorn in San Pietro di Gorizia (\u0160empeter-Vrtojba), he earned a degree in mathematics and engineering at the University of Padua. He was married to Giovanna Colbachini in 1879 and they had two sons. He died in Arcetri.", "Q132443": "Not to be confused with hypnotist Ronald Pellar, a.k.a. Ronald Dante or Dr. Dante.Ron Dante (born Carmine John Granito, August 22, 1945) is an American singer, songwriter, session vocalist, and record producer. Dante is best known as the lead singer of the fictional cartoon band The Archies; he was also the voice of The Cuff Links and co-produced Barry Manilow's first nine albums.", "Q1065078": "Sir Charles James Jessel, 1st Baronet DL, JP (11 May 1860 \u2013 15 July 1928), was a British barrister, magistrate and businessman.\nJessel was the eldest son of Sir George Jessel, Master of the Rolls, by Amelia Moses. Herbert Jessel, 1st Baron Jessel, was his younger brother. He was educated at Rugby School and Balliol College, Oxford (MA) and was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn. He was created a Baronet, Ladham House in the parish of Goudhurst in the County of Kent, in May 1883, in honour of his father, who had died in March of that year. He was Vice-Chairman of the British North Borneo Company (BNBC) (1903\u20131909). The city of Kota Kinabalu was previously named Jesselton after the BNBC set up operations there. Jessel was also a Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for Kent and served as High Sheriff of Kent in 1903.Jessel married Edith Goldsmid, daughter of Sir Julian Goldsmid, 3rd Baronet, in 1890. They had two sons and two daughters. He died in July 1928, aged 68, and was succeeded in the title by his eldest son, George. Lady Jessel died in January 1956.", "Q103846": "Julius Henry \"Groucho\" Marx (; October 2, 1890 \u2013 August 19, 1977) was an American comedian, actor, writer, stage, film, radio, and television star. A master of quick wit, he is generally considered to be one of America's greatest comedians.He made 13 feature films as a team with his siblings the Marx Brothers, of whom he was the third-born. He also had a successful solo career, primarily on radio and television, most notably as the host of the game show You Bet Your Life.His distinctive appearance, carried over from his days in vaudeville, included quirks such as an exaggerated stooped posture, spectacles, cigar, a thick greasepaint mustache, and eyebrows. These exaggerated features resulted in the creation of one of the most recognizable and ubiquitous novelty disguises, known as Groucho glasses: a one-piece mask consisting of horn-rimmed glasses, a large plastic nose, bushy eyebrows and mustache.", "Q5332": "Saratov (UK: , US: ; Russian: \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432, IPA: [s\u0250\u02c8rat\u0259f] (listen)) is a city and the administrative center of Saratov Oblast, Russia, and a major port on the Volga River located upstream (north) of Volgograd. Population: 837,900\u2009(2010 Census); 873,055\u2009(2002 Census); 904,643\u2009(1989 Census).", "Q76589": "Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann (13 May 1785, Wismar \u2013 5 December 1860, Bonn) was a German historian and politician.", "Q2035479": "The Ostfriedhof (\"East(ern) Cemetery\") in Munich, situated in the district of Obergiesing, was established in 1821 and is still in use. It contains an area of more than 30 hectares and approximately 34,700 burial plots.\nThe buildings were constructed between 1894 and 1900 to plans by Hans Gr\u00e4ssel. In 1929 a crematorium was opened. The bodies of thousands of opponents of the National Socialist r\u00e9gime were cremated here in the years between 1933 and 1945, and their ashes mostly disposed of without memorial. These included people executed in Stadelheim Prison, victims of the concentration camps Dachau, Birkenau and Auschwitz, and of the Aktion T4 campaign. In 1946 the bodies of several of those condemned to death at the Nuremberg War Crimes trials and also of Hermann G\u00f6ring were cremated here, and the ashes scattered.", "Q1383223": "Ewing Marion Kauffman (September 21, 1916 \u2013 August 1, 1993) was an American pharmaceutical entrepreneur, philanthropist, and Major League Baseball owner.\n\n", "Q36813": "Mikhail Pavlov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432, Belarusian: \u041c\u0456\u0445\u0430\u0456\u043b \u041f\u0430\u045e\u043b\u0430\u045e) (September 1, 1952 \u2013 June 6, 2010) was a Belarusian statesman, and was Mayor of Minsk.\n\n", "Q61793": "Rahel Antonie Friederike Varnhagen (German: [\u02c8\u0281a\u02d0\u025bl \u02c8fa\u0281nha\u02d0\u0261\u0259n]), n\u00e9e Levin, later Robert (19 May 1771 \u2013 7 March 1833)) was a German writer who hosted one of the most prominent salons in Europe during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. She is the subject of a celebrated biography, Rahel Varnhagen: The Life of a Jewess (1957), written by Hannah Arendt. Arendt cherished Varnhagen as her \"closest friend, though she ha[d] been dead for some hundred years\". The asteroid 100029 Varnhagen is named in her honour.", "Q1340268": "John Raymond Garamendi (; born January 24, 1945) is an American businessman, politician, and member of the Democratic Party who has represented areas of Northern California between San Francisco and Sacramento, including the cities of Fairfield and Suisun City, in the United States House of Representatives since November 2009. Garamendi was previously the California Insurance Commissioner from 1991 to 1995 and 2003 to 2007, the U.S. Deputy Secretary of the Interior from 1995 to 1998, and the 46th Lieutenant Governor of California from 2007 until his election to Congress.Garamendi was born in Camp Blanding, Florida and raised in Mokelumne Hill, California. He earned a B.A. in business from the University of California, Berkeley and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School, then served in the Peace Corps in Ethiopia from 1966 to 1968. He was elected to the California State Assembly in 1974, serving a single term before being elected in 1976 to the California State Senate, where he served for four terms until 1990. During this time he had a spell as Majority Leader and ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nominations for Governor of California in 1982 and for California State Controller in 1986.\nIn 1990, he became the first elected California Insurance Commissioner, serving from 1991 to 1995. Previously, Insurance Commissioners had been appointed by the Governor. Rather than seek re-election, he ran for governor in the 1994 election, losing in the Democratic primary. He left public office and served as President Bill Clinton's Deputy Secretary of the Interior from 1995 to 1998, then worked for the Peace Corps again. He was elected insurance commissioner again in 2002 and briefly ran for governor again in the 2003 recall, before dropping out to support Lieutenant Governor Cruz Bustamante. In 2006, he was elected lieutenant governor to succeed the term-limited Bustamante.\nGaramendi had planned to run for governor for a fourth time in 2010, but after Democratic U.S. Representative Ellen Tauscher of California's 10th congressional district resigned to become Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, Garamendi won a November 2009 special election to succeed her. He was re-elected in 2010 and, after redistricting, for the California's 3rd congressional district in 2012 and 2014.", "Q41443": "Lobsang Sangay (Tibetan: \u0f56\u0fb3\u0f7c\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f5f\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f7a\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f7a\u0f0b, \"kind-hearted lion\"; born September 5, 1968) is a Tibetan politician who is the Sikyong (President) of the Tibetan-government-in-exile, officially known as Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) since 2012 and previously served as Kal\u00f6n Tripa from 2011 to 2012. Following his election, at the request of the 14th Dalai Lama, the Tibetan parliament-in-exile amended the organisation's bylaws to remove the Dalai Lama's executive authority, making Lobsang Sangay its highest leader. In 2012, to reflect this change, Lobsang Sangay's title as chief executive was changed from kal\u00f6n tripa (\"prime minister\") to sikyong (\"ruler\" or \"regent\").\nSangay was born in Darjeeling, India and studied international law and democracy at Harvard University. and holds American citizenship.\n\n", "Q519357": "Anthony Berkeley Cox (5 July 1893 \u2013 9 March 1971) was an English crime writer. He wrote under several pen-names, including Francis Iles, Anthony Berkeley and A. Monmouth Platts.\n\n", "Q95174": "Annemarie Eilfeld (born 2 May 1990 in Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Saxony-Anhalt) is a German singer and songwriter, best known for being a former contestant of Deutschland sucht den Superstar, the German version of the Idols franchise. She released her first single, \"Animal Instinct,\" in May 2010.", "Q5454": "Isabella Teotochi Albrizzi (Greek: \u0395\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03b7, Corfu, 1760 - Venice, 27 September 1836) was a Greek - Venetian writer, salonist and countess.", "Q730769": "Louis-Marie Ernest Daudet (French: [dod\u025b]; 31 May 1837 \u2013 21 August 1921) was a French journalist, novelist and historian. Prolific in several genres, Daudet began his career writing for magazines and provincial newspapers all over France. His younger brother was Alphonse Daudet.", "Q981785": "Jonas Petter Berggren (born 21 March 1967) is a Swedish musician and singer-songwriter and record producer, also known as Joker. He started writing songs when he was seven, and continues to write for the Swedish band Ace of Base, which he is a founding member of, as well as other bands. He was born in Gothenburg, Sweden.", "Q257277": "Lana Jean Clarkson (April 5, 1962 \u2013 February 3, 2003) was an American actress and fashion model. During the 1980s, she rose to prominence in several sword-and-sorcery films. In 2003, she was shot and killed inside the home of record producer Phil Spector. He was charged with second-degree murder, and was convicted on April 13, 2009.", "Q315736": "Tokyopop (styled TOKYOPOP; formerly known as Mixx Entertainment) is an American distributor, licensor and publisher of anime, manga, manhwa and Western manga-style works. The German publishing division produces German translations of licensed Japanese properties and original English-language manga, as well as original German-language manga. Tokyopop's US publishing division publishes works in English. Tokyopop has its US headquarters near LAX in Los Angeles, California. Its parent company's offices are in Tokyo, Japan and its sister company's office is in Hamburg, Germany.", "Q211222": "The Young and Prodigious T.S. Spivet is a 2013 Franco-Canadian adventure drama film directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet and co-written with Guillaume Laurant, an adaptation of the 2010 book The Selected Works of T. S. Spivet written by Reif Larsen. The film stars Helena Bonham Carter, Judy Davis, Callum Keith Rennie, and Kyle Catlett.\n\n", "Q48301": "Martin Heidegger (; German: [\u02c8ma\u0281ti\u02d0n \u02c8ha\u026ad\u025b\u0261\u0250]; 26 September 1889 \u2013 26 May 1976) was a German philosopher and a seminal thinker in the Continental tradition of philosophy. He is best known for contributions to phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism.\nIn Being and Time (1927), Heidegger addresses the meaning of \"being\" by considering the question, \"what is common to all entities that makes them entities?\" Heidegger approaches this question through an analysis of Dasein, his term for the specific type of being that humans possess, and which he associates closely with his concept of \"being-in-the-world\" (In-der-Welt-sein). This conception of the human is in contrast with that of Rationalist thinkers like Ren\u00e9 Descartes, who had understood human existence most basically as thinking, as in Cogito ergo sum ('I think therefore I am').\nHeidegger's later work includes criticism of the view, common in the Western tradition, that all of nature is a \"standing reserve\" on call for human purposes.\nHeidegger was a member and supporter of the Nazi Party. There is controversy as to the relationship between his philosophy and his Nazism.", "Q334920": "Benjamin Michael Lee (born 11 September 1978) is an Australian musician and actor. Lee began his career as a musician at the age of 14 with the Sydney band Noise Addict, but focused on his solo career when the band broke up in 1995. He appeared as the protagonist in the Australian film The Rage in Placid Lake (2003). He has released eleven solo studio albums.", "Q104697": "August Friedrich M\u00fcller (15 December 1684 \u2013 1 May 1761) was a German legal scholar and logician.\nAugust Friedrich was born in Penig, the son of Johann Adam M\u00fcller and his wife Johanne Susanne, daughter of a pharmacist in Rochlitz, Johann Fromhold. Prefigured by his father, he attended school in 1697 and studied at the University of Leipzig from 1703. Here he completed a degree in early philosophical sciences; Andreas R\u00fcdiger (1673\u20131731) was his most important teacher. On the side he studied law under Gottlieb Gerhard Titius (1661\u20131714).\nIn 1707 he received his degree of Magister in Leipzig, where he set up a school of philosophy. After a stay at the University of Erfurt, where on 8 October 1714 he received his doctorate in law, he returned to Leipzig, where he also lectured on law. A position was offered to him at the University of Halle but he became an associate professor of philosophy at the University of Leipzig in 1732, succeeding Christian Thomasius and his pupil, Andreas R\u00fcdiger. He was Dean of Philosophy several times, first in 1736. He died in Leipzig, aged 76.\nBach composed the cantata Zerrei\u00dfet, zersprenget, zertr\u00fcmmert die Gruft, BWV 205 in 1725 for the name day of M\u00fcller and performed the piece on the evening of 3 August 1725 in front of the professor\u2019s house at 2 Katharinenstra\u00dfe in Leipzig.", "Q83716": "Aer Lingus (, an anglicisation of the Irish aerloingeas meaning \"air fleet\") is the flag carrier airline of Ireland and the second-largest airline in the country after Ryanair. Founded by the Irish government, it was privatised between 2006 and 2015 and it is now a wholly owned subsidiary of International Airlines Group (IAG). The airline's head office is on the grounds of Dublin Airport in Cloghran, County Dublin.\nFormed in 1936, Aer Lingus is a former member of the Oneworld airline alliance, which it left on 31 March 2007. After the takeover by IAG, it was expected that Aer Lingus would re-enter Oneworld, however, at a press briefing on 15 November 2017 the airline's then CEO Stephen Kavanagh stated that the airline has \"no plans to join Oneworld\". The airline has codeshares with Oneworld, Star Alliance and SkyTeam members, as well as interline agreements with Etihad Airways, JetBlue Airways and United Airlines. Aer Lingus has a hybrid business model, operating a mixed fare service on its European routes and full service, two-class flights on transatlantic routes.\nRyanair owned over 29% of Aer Lingus stock and the Irish state owned over 25% before being bought out by IAG in 2015. The state had previously held an 85% shareholding until the Government's decision to float the company on the Dublin and London stock exchanges on 2 October 2006. The principal group companies include Aer Lingus Limited, Aer Lingus Beachey Limited, Aer Lingus (Ireland) Limited and Dirnan Insurance Company Limited, all of which are wholly owned.On 26 May 2015, after months of negotiations on a possible IAG takeover, the Irish government agreed to sell its 25% stake in the company. Ryanair retained a 30% stake in Aer Lingus which it agreed to sell to IAG on 10 July 2015 for \u20ac2.55 per share. In August 2015, Aer Lingus' shareholders officially accepted IAG's takeover offer. IAG subsequently assumed control of Aer Lingus on 2 September 2015.", "Q57221": "Princess Elisabeth Charlotte (German: Prinzessin Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz; nicknamed \"Lieselotte\", 27 May 1652 \u2013 8 December 1722) was a German princess and, as Madame, the second wife of Philippe I, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans, younger brother of Louis XIV of France, and mother of France's ruler during the Regency. Louis invoked her hereditary claim to the Palatinate as pretext to launch the Nine Years' War in 1688. Her vast, frank correspondence provides a detailed account of the personalities and activities at the court of her brother-in-law, Louis XIV, for half a century, from the date of her marriage in 1672.", "Q181689": "Blind Willie McTell (born William Samuel McTier; May 5, 1898 \u2013 August 19, 1959) was a Piedmont blues and ragtime singer and guitarist. He played with a fluid, syncopated fingerstyle guitar technique, common among many exponents of Piedmont blues. Unlike his contemporaries, he came to use twelve-string guitars exclusively. McTell was also an adept slide guitarist, unusual among ragtime bluesmen. His vocal style, a smooth and often laid-back tenor, differed greatly from many of the harsher voices of Delta bluesmen such as Charley Patton. McTell performed in various musical styles, including blues, ragtime, religious music and hokum.\nMcTell was born in Thomson, Georgia. He learned to play the guitar in his early teens. He soon became a street performer in several Georgia cities, including Atlanta and Augusta, and first recorded in 1927 for Victor Records. He never produced a major hit record, but he had a prolific recording career with different labels and under different names in the 1920s and 1930s. In 1940, he was recorded by the folklorist John A. Lomax and Ruby Terrill Lomax for the folk song archive of the Library of Congress. He was active in the 1940s and 1950s, playing on the streets of Atlanta, often with his longtime associate Curley Weaver. Twice more he recorded professionally. His last recordings originated during an impromptu session recorded by an Atlanta record store owner in 1956. McTell died three years later, having suffered for years from diabetes and alcoholism. Despite his lack of commercial success, he was one of the few blues musicians of his generation who continued to actively play and record during the 1940s and 1950s. He did not live to see the American folk music revival, in which many other bluesmen were \"rediscovered\".McTell's influence extended over a wide variety of artists, including the Allman Brothers Band, who covered his \"Statesboro Blues\", and Bob Dylan, who paid tribute to him in his 1983 song \"Blind Willie McTell\", the refrain of which is \"And I know no one can sing the blues like Blind Willie McTell\". Other artists influenced by McTell include Taj Mahal, Alvin Youngblood Hart, Ralph McTell, Chris Smither, Jack White, and the White Stripes.", "Q58112": "Vikram Prabhu is an Indian film actor working in Tamil language films who made his debut in Prabhu Solomon's Kumki (2012). He also played the protagonist in Ivan Veramathiri (2013) and Vellaikaara Durai (2014). He is the son of actor Prabhu Ganesan and grandson of the actor Sivaji Ganesan.", "Q500606": "The University of South Florida (USF) is a public research university in Tampa, Florida. It is a member institution of the State University System of Florida. Founded in 1956, USF is the fourth-largest public university in the state of Florida, with an enrollment of 50,755 as of the 2018\u20132019 academic year. The USF system has three institutions: USF Tampa, USF St. Petersburg and USF Sarasota-Manatee. Each institution is separately accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The university is home to 14 colleges, offering more than 80 undergraduate majors and more than 130 graduate, specialist, and doctoral-level degree programs.USF is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity\". In its 2011 ranking, the Intellectual Property Owners Association placed USF 10th among all universities worldwide in the number of US patents granted. The university has an annual budget of $1.5 billion and an annual economic impact of over $3.7 billion. In a ranking compiled by the National Science Foundation, USF ranks 43rd in the United States for total research spending among all universities, public and private.\n\n", "Q235394": "Kayden Kross is an American pornographic actress, writer, and director.", "Q7243": "Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (; Russian: \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439, tr. Lev Nikol\u00e1yevich Tolst\u00f3y; [l\u02b2ef n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8la\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 t\u0250l\u02c8stoj] (listen); 9 September [O.S. 28 August] 1828 \u2013 20 November [O.S. 7 November] 1910), usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. He received multiple nominations for the Nobel Prize in Literature every year from 1902 to 1906, and nominations for Nobel Peace Prize in 1901, 1902 and 1910, and the fact that he never won is a major Nobel prize controversy.Born to an aristocratic Russian family in 1828, he is best known for the novels War and Peace (1869) and Anna Karenina (1877), often cited as pinnacles of realist fiction. He first achieved literary acclaim in his twenties with his semi-autobiographical trilogy, Childhood, Boyhood, and Youth (1852\u20131856), and Sevastopol Sketches (1855), based upon his experiences in the Crimean War. Tolstoy's fiction includes dozens of short stories and several novellas such as The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886), Family Happiness (1859), and Hadji Murad (1912). He also wrote plays and numerous philosophical essays.\nIn the 1870s Tolstoy experienced a profound moral crisis, followed by what he regarded as an equally profound spiritual awakening, as outlined in his non-fiction work A Confession (1882). His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount, caused him to become a fervent Christian anarchist and pacifist. Tolstoy's ideas on nonviolent resistance, expressed in such works as The Kingdom of God Is Within You (1894), had a profound impact on such pivotal 20th-century figures as Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. Tolstoy also became a dedicated advocate of Georgism, the economic philosophy of Henry George, which he incorporated into his writing, particularly Resurrection (1899).", "Q773644": "Dismember is a Swedish death metal band formed in 1988. They split up in 2011, but reunited in 2019. Pioneers of Swedish death metal, Dismember is now considered one of the country's \"big four\", alongside Entombed, Grave, and Unleashed.", "Q63184": "Bill Brandt (born Hermann Wilhelm Brandt; 2 May 1904 \u2013 20 December 1983) was a British photographer and photojournalist. Although born in Germany, Brandt moved to England, where he became known for his images of British society for such magazine as Lilliput and Picture Post, later he made distorted nudes, portraits of famous artists and landscapes. He is widely considered to be one of the most important British photographers of the 20th century.", "Q961117": "Herman Rudolf \"Rudy\" Kousbroek (1 November 1929 \u2013 4 April 2010) was a Dutch poet, translator, writer and first of all essayist. He was a prominent figure in Dutch cultural life between 1950 and 2010 and one of the most outspoken atheists in the Netherlands. In 1975 he was awarded the P.C. Hooft Prize for his essays.\nHis principal work is the book Het Oostindisch kampsyndroom (The East Indian Camp Syndrome), a compilation of critical essays that are in one way or the other related to the Dutch East Indies and clearly show his admiration for Dutch Indo-Eurasian authors like E. du Perron, Tjalie Robinson, Beb Vuyk as well as Indonesian intellectual Sutan Sjahrir.", "Q725402": "Edmond \"Ted\" Lapidus (23 June 1929 \u2013 29 December 2008) was a French fashion designer. He was born in Paris, the son of a Russian-Jewish \u00e9migr\u00e9 tailor.Lapidus was considered the creator and pioneer of the unisex fashion look and is credited with introducing a military and safari look into haute couture. He is credited as the first designer to put Military style shoulder straps on both male and female clothing, and with making blue jeans part of the mainstream of fashion design. After an apprenticeship with Dior, Lapidus started his own fashion label in 1951, and gained prominence in the 1960s when French celebrities such as Brigitte Bardot, Fran\u00e7oise Hardy and Alain Delon started wearing his creations. \nLapidus proved influential outside France, too, and was the first designer to persuade Twiggy to wear a suit and tie rather than a mini-skirt. John Lennon was another admirer and in 1969 he asked Lapidus to design a white leather bag to house a set of fourteen erotic lithographs he had made. Known as \"Bag One\", the limited edition of 300 bags incorporated zips, handles and a lock, as well as Lennon's signature in black, and was hand-stitched in Italy and later autographed by the Beatle. Lapidus also designed the white suit that Lennon wore on the cover of The Beatles\u2019 Abbey Road album. \nHe was admitted to the Chambre syndicale de la haute couture parisienne in 1963. He designed the safari suit, a style of men's suit that was popular in Australia in the 1970s.\nIn the late 1970s the Lapidus label started to produce fashion accessories as the haute couture market declined. In 1989 Ted Lapidus's son Oliver Lapidus took over the Lapidus label. Lapidus sponsored the French Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives Formula One auto racing team in 1990 via the Ted Lapidus product name. In 2000 the Lapidus label ceased producing haute couture and is now primarily known for its fashion accessories of watches and fragrances.Lapidus died in Cannes, aged 79, from pulmonary complications brought on by leukaemia. He is buried in the P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. French President Nicolas Sarkozy paid tribute and said Lapidus had \"democratised French elegance and classicism\" and \"made fashion accessible to men and women in the street.\" Sarkozy's statement called him \"the poet of French couture\".\nLapidus was married twice. He is survived by two sons, Olivier and Thomas, and a daughter, Eloise.", "Q441896": "Ksenia Leonidovna Khairova (Russian: \u041a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0438\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, n\u00e9e Talyzina (Russian: \u0422\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0301\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430); March 29, 1969) is a Soviet and Russian stage and film actress.", "Q3453622": "Ruth Graves Wakefield (June 17, 1903 \u2013 January 10, 1977) was an American chef, best known as the inventor of the Toll House Cookie, the first chocolate chip cookie. She was also a college graduate, dietitian, educator, business owner, and author.Wakefield grew up in Easton, Massachusetts, and graduated from Oliver Ames High School in 1920. Wakefield was educated at Framingham State Normal School Department of Household Arts in 1924. There, she worked as a dietitian and lectured about foods. In 1928, she and her husband Kenneth Donald Wakefield (1897\u20131997) had a son, Kenneth Donald Wakefield Jr. In 1930, she and her husband bought a tourist lodge (the Toll House Inn) in Whitman in Plymouth County. Located about halfway between Boston and New Bedford, it was a place where passengers had historically paid a toll, changed horses, and ate home-cooked meals. When the Wakefields opened their business, they named the establishment the Toll House Inn. Ruth cooked and served all the food and soon gained local fame for her lobster dinners and desserts. People from across the region visited the Toll House, including notables such as US Ambassador Joseph Kennedy, Sr. Her chocolate chip cookies soon became very popular. She invented chocolate chip cookies around 1938.She added chopped up bits from a Nestl\u00e9 semi-sweet chocolate bar into a cookie. It is often incorrectly reported that the cookie was an accident, and that Wakefield expected the chocolate chunks to melt making chocolate cookies. In reality, Wakefield stated that she deliberately invented the cookie. She said, \"We had been serving a thin butterscotch nut cookie with ice cream. Everybody seemed to love it, but I was trying to give them something different. So I came up with Toll House cookie.\"Wakefield wrote a best selling cookbook, Toll House Tried and True Recipes, that went through 39 printings starting in 1930. The 1938 edition of the cookbook was the first to include the recipe for a chocolate chip cookie, the \"Toll House Chocolate Crunch Cookie\".During WWII, US soldiers from Massachusetts who were stationed overseas shared the cookies they received in care packages from back home with soldiers from other parts of the US. Soon, hundreds of soldiers were writing home asking their families to send them some Toll House cookies, and Wakefield was soon inundated with letters from around the world requesting her recipe. Thus began the nationwide craze for the chocolate chip cookie.As the popularity of the Toll House Chocolate Crunch Cookie increased, the sales of Nestl\u00e9's semi-sweet chocolate bars also spiked. Andrew Nestl\u00e9 and Ruth Wakefield made a business arrangement: Wakefield gave Nestl\u00e9 the right to use her cookie recipe and the Toll House name for one dollar and a lifetime supply of Nestl\u00e9 chocolate. Nestl\u00e9 began marketing chocolate chips to be used especially for cookies and printing the recipe for the Toll House Cookie on its package.Wakefield's invention met this need and went on to be the most popular cookie of all time. Chocolate chip cookies are still consumed today and currently exist in a market space of over $18 billion in the US.Wakefield died on January 10, 1977 following a long illness in Jordan Hospital in Plymouth, Massachusetts.In 2018 the New York Times published a belated obituary for her.", "Q1066217": "Charles Talbot Porter (January 18, 1826 \u2013 August 28, 1910) was an American lawyer, engineer, and inventor of mechanical devices, particularly the high-speed steam engine. He was recipient of the 1909 John Fritz Medal.Born in Auburn, New York, Porter was the son of the John Porter, a lawyer and politician. He obtained his law degree from Hamilton College in 1845, started his career as lawyer, and grew out to be one of the foremost of modern American engineers of his days.", "Q320941": "Shemar Franklin Moore (born April 20, 1970) is an American actor and former fashion model. His notable roles are that of Malcolm Winters on The Young and the Restless from 1994 to 2005, Derek Morgan on CBS's Criminal Minds from 2005 to 2016, and as the third permanent host of Soul Train from 1999 to 2003. From 2002 to 2003 he was a regular in the television series Birds of Prey. In 2017, he became the lead in the television series S.W.A.T. Moore has won eight NAACP Image Awards, and the 2000 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his role on The Young and the Restless. He was also nominated for a People's Choice Award for his role on Criminal Minds.", "Q439939": "Kiernan Brennan Shipka (born November 10, 1999) is an American actress best known for her role as Sally Draper in the AMC drama series Mad Men and as Sabrina Spellman in the Netflix series Chilling Adventures of Sabrina. She also appeared as B. D. Hyman in the FX series Feud: Bette and Joan and voiced Jinora in The Legend of Korra.Shipka has also starred in numerous films, including Carriers (2009), Flowers in the Attic (2014), The Blackcoat's Daughter (2015), and The Silence (2019).", "Q862378": "William H. Press (born April 8, 1940) is an American talk radio host, liberal Pundit, and author. He was chairman of the California Democratic Party from 1993 to 1996, and is a regular CNN political contributor. His weekly column is syndicated by Tribune Content Agency", "Q63190": "Franz Sigel (November 18, 1824 \u2013 August 21, 1902) was a German American military officer, revolutionist and immigrant to the United States who was a teacher, newspaperman, politician, and served as a Union major general in the American Civil War. His ability to recruit German-speaking immigrants to the Union armies received the approval of President Abraham Lincoln, but he was strongly disliked by General-in-Chief Henry Halleck.", "Q12769": "Willem Drees Sr. (Dutch pronunciation ; 5 July 1886 \u2013 14 May 1988) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) and later co-founder of the Labour Party (PvdA) and historian who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 7 August 1948 until 22 December 1958.Drees applied at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences in June 1900 majoring in Accounting and obtaining an Bachelor of Accountancy degree in July 1903. Drees worked as an accountant and bank teller for the Twentsche Bank from July 1903 until July 1906 and worked as a stenographer for the States General of the Netherlands from January 1907 until August 1919. Drees served on the Municipal Council of The Hage from September 1913 until May 1933 and served as an Alderman in The Hague from September 1919 until May 1933. Drees was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1933, taking office on 9 May 1933. After the Parliamentary leader of the Social Democratic Workers' Party in the House of Representatives Willem Albarda was appointed as Minister of Water Management in the Cabinet De Geer II Drees was chosen to succeed him en became the Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives, taking office on 10 August 1939. On 10 May 1940 Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands and the government fled to London to escape the German occupation. During World War II Drees continued to serve as a Member of the House of Representatives but in reality the de facto political influence of the House of Representatives was marginalized. On 14 May 1940 the Leader of the Social Democratic Workers' Party Albarda announced that he was stepping down as Leader in favor of Drees. On 9 October 1940 Drees was arrested and detained in Buchenwald concentration camp and was released in October 1941. In May 1942 Drees was arrested again and detained in the ilag of Sint-Michielsgestel but was released two weeks later. Following the end of World War II Queen Wilhelmina ordered the formation of a cabinet of national unity to reorganize the state and make preparations for new elections with Drees appointment as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Social Affairs in the Cabinet Schermerhorn\u2013Drees, taking office on 25 June 1945. On 9 February 1946 the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) choose to merge to form the Labour Party (PvdA). Drees was one of the co-founders and became the first Leader of the Labour Party. For the election of 1946 Drees served as one of the Lijsttrekkers (top candidates) of the Labour Party for the election. The Labour Party had 23 seats in the House of House of Representatives previously held by the Social Democratic Workers' Party, the Free-thinking Democratic League and the Christian Democratic Union. The Labour Party a small win, gaining 6 seats and retained its place as the second largest party and now had 29 seats in the House of Representatives. Drees subsequently returned as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 4 June 1946. Following the cabinet formation of 1946 Drees continued as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Social Affairs in the Cabinet Beel I, taking office on 3 July 1946. For the election of 1948 Drees served again as one of the Lijsttrekkers. The Labour Party suffered a small loss, losing 2 seats but retained its place as the second largest party and now had 27 seats in the House of Representatives. Drees was appointed as Formateur and following cabinet formation of 1948 resulted in a coalition agreement between the Labour Party, the Catholic People's Party (KVP), the Christian Historical Union (CHU) and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) which formed the Cabinet Drees\u2013Van Schaik with Drees becoming Prime Minister of the Netherlands and Minister of General Affairs, taking office on 7 August 1948.The Cabinet Drees-Van Schaik fell on 24 January 1951 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the cabinet formation of 1951 when it was replaced by Cabinet Drees I with Drees continuing as Prime Minister and Minister of General Affairs, taking office on 15 March 1951. Drees served as acting Minister of Colonial Affairs from 15 March 1951 until 30 March 1951 before the appointment of Leonard Peters and served as acting Minister of Finance from 1 July 1952 until 2 September 1952 following the resignation of Piet Lieftinck. For the election of 1952 Drees served for a third time as Lijsttrekker. The Labour Party a small win, gaining 3 seats and became the largest party for the first time and now had 30 seats in the House of Representatives. Drees was appointed as Formateur and the following cabinet formation of 1952 resulted in a coalition agreement between the Labour Party, the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and Christian Historical Union which formed the Cabinet Drees II with Drees remaining Prime Minister and Minister of General Affairs, taking office on 2 September 1952. For the election of 1956 Drees served for a fourth and final time as Lijsttrekker. The Labour Party a small win, gaining 4 seats and retained its place as the largest party and now had 34 seats in the House of Representatives. Shortly after the election the number of seats in the House of Representatives was raised from 100 to 150 and the Labour Party now had 50 seats. Drees was appointed as Formateur and the following cabinet formation of 1956 resulted in the continuation of the coalition agreement between the Labour Party, the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party and Christian Historical Union which formed the Cabinet Drees III with Drees continuing as Prime Minister and Minister of General Affairs, taking office on 13 October 1956. The Cabinet Drees III fell on 11 December 1958 and shortly thereafter Drees announced his retirement from national politics and that he wouldn't stand for the election of 1959. The cabinet continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the cabinet formation of 1958 when it was replaced by caretaker Cabinet Beel II on 22 December 1958.Drees retired after spending 25 years in national politics and remained active as a historian and author, having written more than twenty books since 1924 in the non-fiction categories of Politics and World War II.Drees was known for his abilities as a manager and team leader. During his premiership, his cabinets was responsible for continuing the decolonization, reforms to the welfare state and Social security and dealing with the North Sea flood of 1953. Drees was granted the honorary title of Minister of State on 22 December 1958. Drees continued to comment on political affairs as a statesman until his death from at the high age of 101. He holds the distinction as the longest-lived Prime Minister of the Netherlands and is consistently ranked both by scholar and the public as the best Prime Minister after World War II.", "Q586305": "Mieczys\u0142aw Edmund Janowski (born 16 November 1947 in Zdu\u0144ska Wola) is a Polish politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Subcarpathian Voivodship with the Law and Justice, part of the Union for a Europe of Nations. He sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Regional Development.\nJanowski is a substitute for the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and the Committee on Petitions. Janowski is also a member of the Delegation for relations with Switzerland, Iceland and Norway and to the European Economic Area (EEA) Joint Parliamentary Committee.", "Q743793": "John Erik Kaada (born 28 July 1975 in Stavanger, Norway), also known by the mononym Kaada, is a Norwegian singer-songwriter, producer and multi-instrumentalist. Kaada's career spans a string of solo albums, motion picture soundtracks, high-profile collaborations with key players such as Mike Patton, as well as numerous live appearances at home and abroad.", "Q192187": "The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF; Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438; \u041a\u041f\u0420\u0424; Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii, KPRF) is a communist political party in Russia that adheres to Marxist\u2013Leninist philosophy. The party is often viewed as the immediate successor of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), which was banned in 1991 by then\u2013Russian President Boris Yeltsin after a failed coup attempt. It is the second-largest political party in the Russian Federation after United Russia. The youth organisation of the party is the Leninist Young Communist League. The party is administered by a Central Committee.\nThe CPRF was founded at the Second Extraordinary Congress of Russian Communists on 14 February 1993 as the successor organisation of the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (CPRSFSR). As of 2015, the party has 160,000 members. The party's stated goal is to establish a new, modernized form of socialism in Russia. Immediate goals of the party include the nationalization of natural resources, agriculture and large industries within the framework of a mixed economy that allows for the growth of small and medium enterprises in the private sector.\n\n", "Q137249": "Major General Mohammad Ali Jafari (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u200e, born 1 September 1957 in Yazd, also known as Aziz Jafari and Ali Jafari) was commander-in-chief of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps from 2007 to 2019. He was appointed by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei on September 1, 2007, succeeding Major General Yahya Rahim Safavi.According to a September 2, 2007, report by Radio Free Europe, Radio Farda has described Jafari has been close to the conservative subfaction, which includes Mohsen Rezaee, the secretary of the Expediency Discernment Council and former commander of the IRGC and Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, a former IRGC member and the mayor of Tehran. The replacement of Safavi was thought to be a move to strengthen the conservative faction as a counterweight to the radicalizers around President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, whom Safavi is close to.\"Observers appear to regard Jafari as principally a tactician, organizer, and 'technical' military man,\" according to Radio Free Europe. The EU's official journal said the three Iranian Revolutionary Guard members, Jafari, General Qasem Soleimani, and the Guard's deputy commander for intelligence, Hossein Taeb, were now subject to sanctions and had been \"providing equipment and support to help the Syrian regime suppress protests in Syria\".", "Q298412": "Ayano Tsuji (\u3064\u3058 \u3042\u3084\u306e\uff08\u8fbb \u4e9c\u5f25\u4e43\uff09, Tsuji Ayano, born January 6, 1978, in Saky\u014d-ku, Kyoto, Japan) is a J-pop singer famous in Japan for her unconventional light singing style and ukulele music. She rose to fame after performing the end-title track for the Studio Ghibli film The Cat Returns in 2002. Her other music for TV and anime includes \"Tanpopo\" for Tensai Terebi Kun.", "Q2165528": "Ronald Lynn Ramsey (; born November 20, 1955) is an American auctioneer, politician and lobbyist who served as the 49th Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee and Speaker of the State Senate from 2007 to 2017. A Republican from Blountville in East Tennessee, Ramsey succeeded long-term Democratic Lieutenant Governor John S. Wilder in 2007, who had held the office of Lieutenant Governor since 1971.\nTennesseans do not elect their lieutenant governor; rather, the Speaker of the Senate, who is first in the line of succession to the governor, is granted the title by statute.\nRon Ramsey announced that he would not seek re-election in 2016, and would instead retire from politics. State Representative Jon Lundberg (R-Bristol) won the primary election on August 4, 2016 to take Ramsey's seat.", "Q88657": "The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. The decoration was awarded for a wide range of reasons and across all ranks, from a senior commander for skilled leadership of his troops in battle to a low-ranking soldier for a single act of extreme gallantry. A total of 7,321 awards were made between its first presentation on 30 September 1939 and its last bestowal on 17 June 1945. This number is based on the acceptance by the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR). Presentations were made to members of the three military branches of the Wehrmacht\u2014the Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy) and Luftwaffe (Air Force)\u2014as well as the Waffen-SS, the Reich Labour Service, and the Volkssturm (German national militia). There were also 43 foreign recipients of the award.These recipients are listed in the 1986 edition of Walther-Peer Fellgiebel's book, Die Tr\u00e4ger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939\u20131945 \u2014 The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939\u20131945. Fellgiebel was the former chairman and head of the order commission of the AKCR. In 1996 a second edition of this book was published with an addendum delisting 11 of these original recipients. Author Veit Scherzer has cast doubt on a further 193 of these listings. The majority of the disputed recipients had received the award in 1945, when the deteriorating situation of Germany during the final days of World War II left a number of nominations incomplete and pending in various stages of the approval process.Listed here are the 446 Knight's Cross recipients of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS whose last name starts with \"W\". Scherzer has challenged the validity of 11 of these listings. The recipients are initially ordered alphabetically by last name. The rank listed is the recipient's rank at the time the Knight's Cross was awarded.", "Q14318": "Vitoria-Gasteiz (; Spanish: [bi\u02c8to\u027eja]; Basque: [\u0261as\u033ateis\u033b]) is the seat of government and the capital city of the Basque Country and of the province of Araba/\u00c1lava in northern Spain. It holds the autonomous community's House of Parliament, the headquarters of the Government, and the Lehendakari's (Prime Minister's) official residency. The municipality\u2014which comprises not only the city but also the mainly agricultural lands of 63 villages around\u2014is the largest in the Basque Country, with a total area of 276.81 square kilometres (106.88 sq mi), and it has a population of 252,571 (May 2019). The dwellers of Vitoria-Gasteiz are called vitorianos or gasteiztarrak, while traditionally they are dubbed babazorros (Basque for 'bean sacks').\nVitoria-Gasteiz is a multicultural city with strengths in healthcare, aeronautics, vehicle industry, and gastronomy. It is consistently ranked as one of the 5 best places to live in Spain, it is the first Spanish municipality to be awarded the title of European Green Capital (in 2012) and it has been also recognized by the UN with the Global Green City Award (in 2019). The old town has some of the best preserved medieval streets and plazas in the region and it is one of very few cities with two cathedrals. The city also holds well known festivals such as the Azkena rock festival, FesTVal, Vitoria-Gasteiz jazz festival, and the Virgen Blanca Festivities.\nVitoria-Gasteiz's vicinity is home to world-renowned wineries such as Ysios (by Santiago Calatrava) and the Marqu\u00e9s de Riscal Hotel (by Frank Gehry); relevant heritage sites including the Neolithic remains of Aizkomendi, Sorginetxe and La chabola de la Hechicera; Iron Age remains such as the settlements of Lastra and Burad\u00f3n; antique remains such as the settlement of La Hoya and the salt valley of A\u00f1ana; and several medieval fortresses including the Tower of Mendoza and the Tower of Varona.\nBeethoven dedicated his Opus 91, often called the \"Battle of Vitoria\" or \"Wellington's Victory\", to one of the most famous events of the Napoleonic Wars: the Battle of Vitoria, in which a Spanish, Portuguese and British army under the command of General the Marquess of Wellington broke the French army and nearly captured the puppet king Joseph Bonaparte. It was a pivotal point in the Peninsular War, and a precursor to the expulsion of the French army from Spain. A memorial statue can be seen today in Virgen Blanca Square.", "Q448118": "Donald George Fisher (September 3, 1928 \u2013 September 27, 2009) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He co-founded The Gap clothing stores with his wife Doris F. Fisher.", "Q116287": "James Fazy (12 May 1794 \u2013 6 November 1878) was a Swiss politician and President of the Swiss Council of States (1854). From 1848 to 1861 Fazy was Staatsrat (States Council) in Geneva.", "Q160311": "Henry III (1 October 1207 \u2013 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death. The son of King John and Isabella of Angoul\u00eame, Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons' War. Cardinal Guala declared the war against the rebel barons to be a religious crusade and Henry's forces, led by William Marshal, defeated the rebels at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich in 1217. Henry promised to abide by the Great Charter of 1225, which limited royal power and protected the rights of the major barons. His early rule was dominated first by Hubert de Burgh and then Peter des Roches, who re-established royal authority after the war. In 1230, the King attempted to reconquer the provinces of France that had once belonged to his father, but the invasion was a debacle. A revolt led by William Marshal's son, Richard Marshal, broke out in 1232, ending in a peace settlement negotiated by the Church.\nFollowing the revolt, Henry ruled England personally, rather than governing through senior ministers. He travelled less than previous monarchs, investing heavily in a handful of his favourite palaces and castles. He married Eleanor of Provence, with whom he had five children. Henry was known for his piety, holding lavish religious ceremonies and giving generously to charities; the King was particularly devoted to the figure of Edward the Confessor, whom he adopted as his patron saint. He extracted huge sums of money from the Jews in England, ultimately crippling their ability to do business, and as attitudes towards the Jews hardened, he introduced the Statute of Jewry, attempting to segregate the community. In a fresh attempt to reclaim his family's lands in France, he invaded Poitou in 1242, leading to the disastrous Battle of Taillebourg. After this, Henry relied on diplomacy, cultivating an alliance with Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. Henry supported his brother Richard of Cornwall in his bid to become King of the Romans in 1256, but was unable to place his own son Edmund Crouchback on the throne of Sicily, despite investing large amounts of money. He planned to go on crusade to the Levant, but was prevented from doing so by rebellions in Gascony.\nBy 1258, Henry's rule was increasingly unpopular, the result of the failure of his expensive foreign policies and the notoriety of his Poitevin half-brothers, the Lusignans, as well as the role of his local officials in collecting taxes and debts. A coalition of his barons, initially probably backed by Eleanor, seized power in a coup d'\u00e9tat and expelled the Poitevins from England, reforming the royal government through a process called the Provisions of Oxford. Henry and the baronial government enacted a peace with France in 1259, under which Henry gave up his rights to his other lands in France in return for King Louis IX recognising him as the rightful ruler of Gascony. The baronial regime collapsed but Henry was unable to reform a stable government and instability across England continued.\nIn 1263, one of the more radical barons, Simon de Montfort, seized power, resulting in the Second Barons' War. Henry persuaded Louis to support his cause and mobilised an army. The Battle of Lewes occurred in 1264, where Henry was defeated and taken prisoner. Henry's eldest son, Edward, escaped from captivity to defeat de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham the following year and freed his father. Henry initially enacted a harsh revenge on the remaining rebels, but was persuaded by the Church to mollify his policies through the Dictum of Kenilworth. Reconstruction was slow and Henry had to acquiesce to various measures, including further suppression of the Jews, to maintain baronial and popular support. Henry died in 1272, leaving Edward as his successor. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, which he had rebuilt in the second half of his reign, and was moved to his current tomb in 1290. Some miracles were declared after his death; however, he was not canonised.", "Q96469": "Theodor August Konrad Loos (18 May 1883 \u2013 27 June 1954) was a German actor.\nThe son of a watchmaker and instruments manufacturer, he left secondary school prematurely and worked for three years at an export firm for music instruments in Leipzig, and after that for his uncle, an art dealer in Berlin. He decided though to become an actor.\nHis theater engagements led him to Leipzig, Danzig and Frankfurt am Main, then to Berlin where he acted from 1912 to 1945 at different theaters. In the 1930s he could be seen performing in classic theater, on over 400 occasions in Peer Gynt alone.\nFrom 1913 he performed in more than 170 feature films, initially silent films. He remains perhaps best-known for his numerous roles in the films of Fritz Lang. During the Third Reich Loos was a member of the Advisory Council (Pr\u00e4sidialrat) of the president of the Reichsfilmkammer.\nAfter the end of the war, Loos returned to the theater. From August 1949 he was a member of the Staatstheater Stuttgart. His two sons both died in the Second World War.", "Q6149": "Soest (German pronunciation: [\u02c8zo\u02d0st] (listen), as if it were 'Sohst'; Westphalian: Saust) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the Soest district.", "Q967572": "Charles William Alcock (2 December 1842 \u2013 26 February 1907) was an English sportsman and administrator. He was a major instigator in the development of both international football and cricket, as well as being the creator of the FA Cup.\n\n", "Q55422": "David Paul Cronenberg (born March 15, 1943) is a Canadian filmmaker. He is one of the principal originators of what is commonly known as the body horror genre, with his films exploring visceral bodily transformation, infection, technology and the intertwining of the psychological with the physical. In the first third of his career he explored these themes mostly through horror and science fiction films such as Scanners (1981) and Videodrome (1983), although his work has since expanded beyond these genres.\nCronenberg's films have polarized critics and audiences alike; he has earned critical acclaim and has sparked controversy for his depictions of gore and violence. The Village Voice called him \"the most audacious and challenging narrative director in the English-speaking world\". His films have won numerous awards, including, for Crash, the Special Jury Prize at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival, a unique award that is distinct from the Jury Prize as it is not given annually, but only at the request of the official jury, who in this case gave the award \"for originality, for daring and for audacity\".", "Q1710864": "Judah Touro (June 16, 1775 \u2013 January 18, 1854) was an American businessman and philanthropist.", "Q131638": "Shkod\u00ebr or Shkodra (Albanian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283k\u0254d\u0259\u027e]; Italian pronunciation: [sku\u02c8ta\u02d0ri]), historically known as Scutari or Scodra, is a city in the Republic of Albania. It is the capital of the surrounding county of Shkod\u00ebr, one of 12 constituent counties of the republic. The city is one of the most ancient cities in the Balkans and the fourth most populous city in the country and exerts strong influences in culture, religion, arts and entertainment of northern Albania.\nGeographically, the city of Shkod\u00ebr sprawls across the Mbishkodra plain between the freshwater marshlands of Lake Shkod\u00ebr and the foothills of the Albanian Alps. Like most of the Dinaric Alps, the mountains are dominated by limestone and dolomite rocks. The lake, named after the city of Shkod\u00ebr, is the largest lake in Southern Europe close to the Adriatic Sea. The city is surrounded on three sides by the rivers Kir in the east, Drin in the south and Buna in the west.\nThe region that today corresponds to the city territory was founded in the 4th century BC by the ancient Illyrian tribes of the Ardiaei and Labeates. It is evidenced by the artefacts and inscriptions that were discovered in the Rozafa Castle. During that time the city was known under the name Scodra. The city has historically developed on a 130 metres (430 ft) hill, strategically located in the outflow of Lake Shkod\u00ebr into the Buna. The Romans annexed the city after the third Illyrian War in 168 BC, when Gentius was defeated by the Roman force of Anicius Gallus. In the 3rd century AD, Shkod\u00ebr became the capital of Praevalitana due to the administrative reform of the Roman emperor Diocletian. With the spread of Christianity in the 4th century, the Archdiocese of Scodra was founded and was assumed in 535 by Byzantine Justinian I.\nDuring many different epochs it has retained its status as a major city in the wider region, due to its strategic position close to the Adriatic Sea and the Italian port cities, but also with land-routes to other important cities and towns in neighbouring regions.", "Q1677155": "Ronald Jack Pennick (December 7, 1895 \u2013 August 16, 1964) was an American film actor. After working as a gold miner as a young man, he appeared in over 140 films between 1926 and 1962. Pennick was a leading member of the informal John Ford Stock Company, appearing in dozens of the director's films. Pennick also drilled the military extras in John Wayne's The Alamo (1960).", "Q516070": "Alberto Colombo (born 23 February 1946 in Varedo, Lombardy) is a former racing driver from Italy. He unsuccessfully entered three Formula One Grands Prix in 1978 with ATS (two failures to qualify) and Merzario (one failure to pre-qualify). He won the 1974 Italian Formula Three Championship and also enjoyed some success in Formula Two.", "Q95160": "Sir Stanley Unwin, KCMG (19 December 1884 \u2013 13 October 1968) was a British publisher.", "Q41457": "Pauline Mary de Peauly Gower Fahie (22 July 1910 \u2013 2 March 1947) was a British pilot and writer who established the women's branch of the Air Transport Auxiliary during the Second World War.", "Q208767": "The Stooges, also known as Iggy and the Stooges, were an American rock band formed in Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1967 by singer Iggy Pop, guitarist Ron Asheton, drummer Scott Asheton, and bassist Dave Alexander. Playing a raw, primitive style of rock and roll, the band sold few records in their original incarnation and gained a reputation for their confrontational performances, which often involved acts of self-mutilation by Iggy Pop.After releasing two albums\u2014The Stooges (1969) and Fun House (1970)\u2014the group disbanded briefly, and reformed with a different lineup to release Raw Power (1973) before breaking up again in 1974. The band reunited in 2003 until dissolving in 2016 following the deaths of Scott Asheton and saxophonist Steve Mackay. Ron Asheton participated in the reunion until his death in 2009.\nThe Stooges are widely regarded as a seminal proto-punk act. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked them 78th on their list of the 100 greatest artists of all time.", "Q1225382": "Pierre Jacotin (1765\u20131827) was the director of the survey for the Carte de l'\u00c9gypte (Description de l'\u00c9gypte), the first triangulation-based map of Egypt, Syria and Palestine.\nThe maps were surveyed in 1799-1800 during the campaign in Egypt and Palestine of Napoleon.\nAfter his return from Egypt, Jacotin worked on preparing the plates for publication, but in 1808 Napoleon formally made them state secrets and forbade publication. This was apparently connected with Napoleon's efforts at the time to establish an alliance with the Ottomans.\nIt was not until 1828-30 that the engraved plates could be published.", "Q1242319": "Howard Griffiths (born 24 February 1950) is a British conductor.\nGriffiths was born in Hastings. He studied music at the Royal College of Music, London. He has lived in Switzerland since 1981.\nSince the season 2007/08, he is General Music Director of the Brandenburgisches Staatsorchester, Frankfurt. in 2013, he renewed his contract for the third time until 2018.\nHoward Griffiths was Artistic Director and Principal Conductor of the Zurich Chamber Orchestra from 1996 to 2006 and successfully continued its long tradition of excellence in every respect. His work\nwith the orchestra also involved extended tours of Europe, the United States and China, which were enthusiastically received by audiences and critics alike, both in Switzerland and abroad.\nHoward Griffiths has appeared as a guest conductor with many leading orchestras all over the world. These include the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra of London, the Orchestre National de France, Radio\nMoscow\u2019s Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra, the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, the Warsaw Philharmonic, the Basle Symphony Orchestra, the London Mozart Players, the Orquesta Nacional de Espa\u00f1a, the WDR Symphony Orchestra as well as other radio orchestras in Germany.\nIn addition, he regularly works with youth orchestras, being a founder of the Jugend Symphony Orchestra Zurich and a regular guest with the National Youth Orchestra of Germany as well as periods with the Swiss Youth Symphony Orchestra and the National Youth Orchestra of South Africa.\nHoward Griffiths is always receptive to new, unconventional projects, for example for crossover projects with different orchestras and soloists like Giora Feidman, Roby Lakatos, Burhan \u00d6\u00e7al,\nAbdullah Ibrahim, Maurice Steger or Igudesman & Joo.\nAbout 100 CD recordings with various labels (including Warner, Universal, cpo, Sony and Koch) bear witness to Howard Griffiths\u2019 broad artistic range. These recordings include works by contemporary Swiss and Turkish composers as well as premi\u00e8re recordings of rediscovered music dating from the 18th and 19th centuries. Howard Griffiths\u2019 recordings of all the eight symphonies by Beethoven\u2019s pupil Ferdinand Ries met with worldwide critical acclaim. Readers of the British magazine Classic CD voted a recording of works by Gerald Finzi \u201cClassical CD of the Year\u201d in this category.\nHoward Griffiths performs with numerous renowned artists, and is also extremely committed to supporting and promoting young musicians. This is reflected in his work for the Orpheum Foundation for the Advancement of Young Soloists, of which he has been Artistic Director since 2000.\nEqually enthusiastic, Howard Griffiths keeps engaging in musical projects for and with children and young adults. Multiple Educational Projects emerged from the collaboration with the Brandenburg\nStaatsorchester. In 2012, Howard Griffiths published the musical children\u2019s book \u201cDie Hexe und der Maestro\u201d, which was enthusiastically received by audiences and critics. In 2013, the book was\npublished as \u201cThe Witch and the Maestro\u201d in English.\nIn the annual New Year\u2019s Honours List, which is announced on New Year\u2019s Day by Queen Elizabeth II, Howard Griffiths was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE)\nGriffiths is married to the Turkish violist Semra Griffiths, who plays in the Zurich Opera orchestra. Their son Kevin Griffiths is also a conductor.", "Q336": "Science (from the Latin word scientia, meaning \"knowledge\") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3500 to 3000 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age. The recovery and assimilation of Greek works and Islamic inquiries into Western Europe from the 10th to 13th century revived \"natural philosophy\", which was later transformed by the Scientific Revolution that began in the 16th century as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The scientific method soon played a greater role in knowledge creation and it was not until the 19th century that many of the institutional and professional features of science began to take shape; along with the changing of \"natural philosophy\" to \"natural science.\"Modern science is typically divided into three major branches that consist of the natural sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, and physics), which study nature in the broadest sense; the social sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology), which study individuals and societies; and the formal sciences (e.g., logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science), which study abstract concepts. There is disagreement, however, on whether the formal sciences actually constitute a science as they do not rely on empirical evidence. Disciplines that use existing scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine, are described as applied sciences.Science is based on research, which is commonly conducted in academic and research institutions as well as in government agencies and companies. The practical impact of scientific research has led to the emergence of science policies that seek to influence the scientific enterprise by prioritizing the development of commercial products, armaments, health care, and environmental protection.", "Q211236": "Celebrity is the fame and public attention accorded by the mass media to individuals or groups or, occasionally, animals, but is usually applied to the persons or groups of people (celebrity couples, families, etc.) themselves who receive such a status of fame and attention. Celebrity status is often associated with wealth (commonly referred to as fame and fortune), while fame through entertainment are commonly associated with celebrity status, while political leaders often become celebrities. People may also become celebrities due to media attention on their lifestyle, wealth, or controversial actions, or for their connection to a famous person.", "Q57235": "Clemens Wenzeslaus Brentano (also Klemens; pseudonym: Clemens Maria Brentano ; German: [b\u0281\u025bn\u02c8ta\u02d0no]; 9 September 1778 \u2013 28 July 1842) was a German poet and novelist, and a major figure of German Romanticism. He was the uncle, via his brother Christian, of Franz and Lujo Brentano.", "Q56402353": "Iz*One ( EYEZ-wun; Korean: \uc544\uc774\uc988\uc6d0, romanized: Aijeuwon; Japanese: \u30a2\u30a4\u30ba\u30ef\u30f3, romanized: Aizuwan) is a South Korean\u2013Japanese girl group formed through the Mnet reality competition show Produce 48. The group, managed by Off the Record Entertainment and Swing Entertainment, is composed of twelve members: Jang Won-young, Sakura Miyawaki, Jo Yu-ri, Choi Ye-na, An Yu-jin, Nako Yabuki, Kwon Eun-bi, Kang Hye-won, Hitomi Honda, Kim Chae-won, Kim Min-ju, and Lee Chae-yeon. In late 2019, activities of the group were temporarily suspended due to the Mnet vote manipulation investigation.Iz*One debuted on October 29, 2018 with their first extended play (EP) Color*Iz. Upon its release, the group received immediate commercial success, selling over 225,000 units and peaking at number 2 on South Korea's Gaon Album Chart. In addition, both the EP and its lead single \"La Vie en Rose\" charted on Billboard World Albums and World Digital Songs respectively. The early success subsequently hailed them as the New Artist of the Year at several awards shows, including Golden Disc Awards and Seoul Music Awards.\nThe group's Japanese debut single, \"Suki to Iwasetai\", was released on February 6, 2019 under UMG's EMI Records label. Peaking at number 2 on Oricon Singles Chart and with over 250,000 unit sales, the single was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ).", "Q2306779": "Peter Oppenheimer is the former senior vice president and Chief Financial Officer of Apple Inc and has been a member of the board of directors of Goldman Sachs since 2014.\nOppenheimer spent 18 years at Apple, reporting directly to CEO Tim Cook and serving on the company's executive committee. As CFO, Oppenheimer oversaw the controller, treasury, investor relations, tax, information systems, internal audit, facilities, corporate development, and human resources functions. He retired from Apple in 2014.", "Q58106": "Nickolai Evtimov Mladenov (Bulgarian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u041c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432; born 5 May 1972) is a Bulgarian politician and diplomat who served as the minister of foreign affairs in the government of then prime minister Boyko Borisov from 2010 to 2013. He was a Member of the European Parliament from 2007 to 2009 and was Minister of Defense from 27 July 2009 to 27 January 2010. On 2 August 2013 Mladenov was appointed as United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's Special Representative for Iraq and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq. On 5 February 2015, Mladenov was appointed UN Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process.", "Q442353": "The Future is a 2011 German-American drama film written, directed by, and starring Miranda July. The Future made its world premiere at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival, where it was screened in the Premieres section. The film was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q261909": "Meton of Athens (Greek: \u039c\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2; gen.: \u039c\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2) was a Greek mathematician, astronomer, geometer, and engineer who lived in Athens in the 5th century BC. He is best known for calculations involving the eponymous 19-year Metonic cycle which he introduced in 432 BC into the lunisolar Attic calendar. Euphronios says that Colonus was Meton's deme.", "Q57553": "Mohammed VI (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u200e; Berber languages: \u2d30\u2d33\u2d33\u2d4d\u2d49\u2d37 \u2d4e\u2d53\u2d43\u2d30\u2d4e\u2d4e\u2d37 \u2d59\u2d37\u2d49\u2d59; born 21 August 1963) is the King of Morocco. He is a member of the Alaouite dynasty and ascended to the throne on 23 July 1999 upon the death of his father, King Hassan II.In 2019, his net worth was estimated around US$2.1 billion. and he is the Richest King in Africa in 2014 according to the American Business Magazine Forbes.", "Q1395333": "George Harvey Presnell (September 14, 1933 \u2013 June 30, 2009) was an American actor and singer. He began his career in the mid-1950s as a classical baritone, singing with orchestras and opera companies throughout the United States.\nHis career reoriented away from classical music to musical theatre in 1960 after Meredith Willson cast him in the lead role of his new Broadway musical The Unsinkable Molly Brown. His portrayal of \"Leadville Johnny\" was a resounding success and he reprised the role in the 1964 film version of the musical, winning a Golden Globe Award for his portrayal.\nPresnell went on to star in a few more films during the 1960s, but by the early 1970s that aspect of his career came to a standstill. From 1970 to 1995 he mostly worked as a musical theatre performer on Broadway, the West End, and in touring productions out of New York. In his early 60s, Presnell saw a resurgence in his movie career which lasted until his death. He played character roles in films like Fargo (1996), Saving Private Ryan (1998), and Flags of Our Fathers (2006). He also appeared on television as Mr. Parker in The Pretender and Lew Staziak in Andy Barker, P.I.. He had recurring roles on Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman and Dawson's Creek.", "Q231680": "Pata\u00f1jali (Sanskrit: \u092a\u0924\u091e\u094d\u091c\u0932\u093f) was a sage in India, thought to be the author of a number of Sanskrit works. The greatest of these are the Yoga Sutras, a classical yoga text. There is doubt as to whether the sage Pata\u00f1jali is the author of all the works attributed to him as there are a number of known historical authors of the same name. A great deal of scholarship has been devoted over the last century to the issue of the historicity or identity of this author or these authors.Amongst the more important authors called Pata\u00f1jali are:\nThe author of the Mah\u0101bh\u0101\u1e63ya, an ancient treatise on Sanskrit grammar and linguistics, based on the A\u1e63\u1e6d\u0101dhy\u0101y\u012b of P\u0101\u1e47ini. This Pata\u00f1jali's life is dated to mid 2nd century BCE by both Western and Indian scholars. This text was titled as a bhasya or \"commentary\" on K\u0101ty\u0101yana-P\u0101\u1e47ini's work by Patanjali, but is so revered in the Indian traditions that it is widely known simply as Maha-bhasya or \"Great commentary\". So vigorous, well reasoned and vast is his text, that this Patanjali has been the authority as the last grammarian of classical Sanskrit for 2,000 years, with P\u0101\u1e47ini and K\u0101ty\u0101yana preceding him. Their ideas on structure, grammar and philosophy of language have also influenced scholars of other Indian religions such as Buddhism and Jainism.\nThe compiler of the Yoga s\u016btras, a text on Yoga theory and practice, and a notable scholar of Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy. He is variously estimated to have lived between 2nd century BCE to 4th century CE, with more scholars accepting dates between 2nd and 4th century CE. The Yogasutras is one of the most important texts in the Indian tradition and the foundation of classical Yoga. It is the Indian Yoga text that was most translated in its medieval era into forty Indian languages.\nThe author of a medical text called Patanjalatantra. He is cited and this text is quoted in many medieval health sciences-related texts, and Patanjali is called a medical authority in a number of Sanskrit texts such as Yogaratnakara, Yogaratnasamuccaya and Padarthavijnana. There is a fourth Hindu scholar also named Patanjali, who likely lived in 8th-century CE and wrote a commentary on Charaka Samhita and this text is called Carakavarttika. According to some modern era Indian scholars such as P.V. Sharma, the two medical scholars named Patanjali may be the same person, but completely different person from the Patanjali who wrote the Sanskrit grammar classic Mahabhasya.\nPatanjali is one of the 18 siddhars in the Tamil siddha (Shaiva) tradition.Patanjali continues to be honoured with invocations and shrines in some forms of modern postural yoga, such as Iyengar Yoga and Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga.\n\n", "Q220955": "Erin Brockovich is a 2000 American biographical film directed by Steven Soderbergh and written by Susannah Grant. The film is a dramatization of the true story of Erin Brockovich, portrayed by Julia Roberts, who fought against the energy corporation Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E). The film was a box office success, and critical reaction was positive.\nRoberts won the Academy Award, BAFTA, Golden Globe Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, and various critics awards for Best Actress. The film itself was also nominated for the Best Picture. Steven Soderbergh, the film's director, was nominated for the Best Director for both this film and Traffic, but he won the award for Traffic. Early in the film, the real Erin Brockovich has a cameo appearance as a waitress named Julia.", "Q315044": "Bernd Cl\u00fcver (10 April 1948 in Hildesheim \u2013 28 July 2011 in Palma, Spain) was a German singer.", "Q172073": "Franco Forini (born 22 September 1958 in Muralto) is a former racing driver from Switzerland. He competed in the Italian Formula Three Championship between 1981 and 1985, winning the title in his final year in a Dallara-Volkswagen with future Formula One team Forti Corse, and finishing as runner up in the Monaco Grand Prix Formula 3 support race in the same year. He moved up to Formula 3000 in 1986 with little success. He participated in three Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 6 September 1987. He scored no championship points.\nAfter his brief stint in Formula One, he returned to Formula 3 in 1988 and 1989 without any further success. He later ran a transportation and shipment company in Minusio.", "Q2449": "Mogadishu (, also US: ; Somali: Muqdisho [m\u0289qd\u026a\u0283\u0254]; Arabic: \u0645\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0634\u0648\u200e, romanized: Muqad\u012bsh\u016b [muqa\u02c8di\u02d0\u0283u\u02d0]; Italian: Mogadiscio [mo\u0261a\u02c8di\u0283\u0283o]), locally known as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital and most populous city of Somalia. The city has served as an important port connecting with traders over the Somali Sea for millennia, and the native inhabitants are the Shaansi community, in particular the Reer Xamar (English: Hamar people). As of 2017, it had a population of 2,425,000 residents. Mogadishu is the nearest foreign mainland city to Seychelles, at a distance of 835 mi (1,344 km) over the Somali Sea. Mogadishu is located in the coastal Banadir region on the Somali Sea, which unlike other Somali regions, is considered a municipality rather than a maamulgoboleed (federal state). The territorial extent and scope of the term Benadir has varied in definition throughout its history, with medieval usage extending it to huge swaths of the Somali coast, the early modern period which extended the meaning of Benadir to the interior midway towards the Hirshabelle region, to the contemporary period wherein sometimes the nonstandard and incorrect misnomer of usage being interchangeable with the city of Mogadishu is used. This Benadir municipality is bordered to the north by Hirshabelle and to the southwest by Koofur Orsi, and is the only Somali gobol (administrative region) which is both a municipality and a gobol.Mogadishu has a long history, which ranges from hunter-gatherers during the Lowland East Cushite and proto-Somali era during prehistoricity, the Zengisa Acra polity during the ancient period, the Muzaffar dynasty during the medieval era, the Ajuran Sultanate during the renaissance period, and the Geledi-Qais alliance in the early modern period. The onset of European colonialism occurred in incremental stages, with Italian treaties in the 1880s followed by economic engagement between various Somali clans, including the Reer Mataan and the Shaansi (Cadcad) clans like reer Xamar and the Italian Benadir Company and then direct governance by the Italian government after 1906, British Military Administration of Somalia after World War two and the UN Trust Territory in the 1950s. This was followed by independence in 1960, the Hantiwadaag (socialist) era during Barre's presidency (1969-1991), a three decade civil war afterwards, and as of the late 2010s and 2020s a period of reconstruction.", "Q17177": "Major Paolo Angelo Nespoli (born 6 April 1957) is an Italian astronaut and engineer of the European Space Agency (ESA). In 2007, he first traveled into space aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery as a mission specialist of STS-120. In December 2010 he again traveled into space aboard the Soyuz TMA-20 spacecraft as an Expedition 26/27 flight engineer. Nespoli's third spaceflight was on board Soyuz MS-05, which launched in July 2017 for Expedition 52/53. He was also the European Space Agency's oldest active astronaut prior to his retirement in 2019.", "Q516716": "Dwight Equan Grant (born March 6, 1974), better known by his stage name Beanie Sigel, is an American rapper and actor from South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He first became known for his association with Jay Z and Roc-A-Fella Records, releasing his debut studio album The Truth through Roc-A-Fella in February 2000 to critical and commercial success.Sigel's second studio album, The Reason, saw similar commercial success, but received mixed reviews from critics. His third album, The B. Coming, was critically acclaimed and peaked at #3 on the Billboard 200. After a short break from music, Sigel returned to Roc-A-Fella in 2007 and released his fourth studio album The Solution in December 2007 to positive reviews. After leaving Roc-A-Fella once again, Sigel's fifth and sixth studio albums, The Broad Street Bully and This Time were released indepdendently in 2009 and 2012, respectively.\nSigel is also known for his numerous legal issues, including a trial for attempted murder that took place between 2004 and 2005, and eventually lead to Sigel's acquittal.", "Q720208": "Cliff Carlisle (May 6, 1903 \u2013 April 5, 1983) was an American country and blues musician, singer and songwriter. Carlisle was a yodeler and was a pioneer in the use of the Hawaiian steel guitar in country music. He was a brother of country music star Bill Carlisle.", "Q112787": "Georg Schumann (28 November 1886 in Leipzig-Reudnitz, Saxony \u2013 11 January 1945 in Dresden) was a German Communist and resistance fighter against the Nazi r\u00e9gime.\n\n", "Q307440": "Abdel Rahman Munif (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0641\u200e, May 29, 1933 \u2013 January 24, 2004) was a Saudi novelist. His novels include strong political elements as well as mockeries of the Middle Eastern elite classes. His work so offended the rulers of Saudi Arabia that many of his books were banned and his Saudi citizenship revoked.", "Q494715": "Norwalk is a suburban city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 105,549 at the 2010 census and an estimated 105,120 in 2018. It is the 58th most densely-populated city in California.Founded in the late 19th century, Norwalk was incorporated as a city in 1957. It is located 17 miles (27 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles and is part of the Greater Los Angeles area.\nNorwalk is a member of the Gateway Cities Council of Governments. Norwalk's sister cities are Morelia in the Mexican state of Michoac\u00e1n, and Hermosillo, in the Mexican state of Sonora.", "Q151872": "Amos Oz (Hebrew: \u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05e1 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d6\u200e; born Amos Klausner; 4 May 1939 \u2013 28 December 2018) was an Israeli writer, novelist, journalist, and intellectual. He was also a professor of Hebrew literature at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. From 1967 onwards, Oz was a prominent advocate of a two-state solution to the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict.\nHe was the author of 40 books, including novels, short story collections, children's books, and essays, and his work has been published in 45 languages, more than that of any other Israeli writer. He was the recipient of many honours and awards, among them the Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels, the Legion of Honour of France, the Israel Prize, the Goethe Prize, the Prince of Asturias Award in Literature, the Heinrich Heine Prize, and the Franz Kafka Prize.\nOz is regarded as one of \"Israel's most prolific writers and respected intellectuals\", as The New York Times worded it in an obituary.", "Q439087": "Imbi Paju (born June 3, 1959) is an Estonian-born journalist, writer and filmmaker resident in Finland.Paju was born in J\u00f5gevamaa, but has been operating in Finland as a correspondent of the Estonian newspapers Eesti P\u00e4evaleht and Postimees. Before Estonia's re-independence, she worked in Tartu's Vanemuine Theatre opera chorus. 1998-2005 she worked Finnish TV-station Nelonen, specialist in the Baltics\nFilm director, author and journalist Imbi Paju has won international attention with Memories Denied (2005), her documentary film and book of the same name. Both the film and the book deal with her mother\u2019s experiences in a Soviet slave labor camp, the occupation of Estonia by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, and the attempts by totalitarian regimes to destroy human memory. Paju has been praised for her ability to visually portray traumas of the past, something that is hard to do with words alone. Memories Denied shows us how the tragedy of an individual family repeated over and over gradually becomes a national tragedy, a part of the collective but interrupted European narrative, silenced by occupations and the cold reality of politics. Memories Denied has been translated and published in Estonian,\nFinnish, Swedish, English, Russian, German. In 2007 it was selected for use in the Swedish school program Living History, which deals with both Nazi and Communist crimes. In 2008 the film Memories Denied was translated into Russian, as was the book in 2009. Since then Paju has travelled around Estonia presenting the book to Russian-speaking communities and has had the pleasure to meet with students, teachers, community groups, and others.\nIn 2009, Paju and Finnish writer Sofi Oksanen published a collection of essays entitled Fear Was Behind Everything. How Estonia Lost its History and How to Get it Back (WSOY) which further develops the same themes.\nThe year 2009 saw the premiere of her new documentary film Sisters across the Gulf of Finland, which deals with terror, totalitarianism and humanity in the next step on the search for the truth. In 2011/2012 She published psychological-historical best-sellers nonfiction Sisters Across the Gulf of Finland. Watching the Pain of Others (publisher Like 2011/Finland;2012 Hea Lugu/Estonia;2014 Atlantis/Sweden). It is a story about how Estonian, Finnish and other Scandinavian women around Baltic Sea worked together to prevent the onset of crisis and war their own unique actions. Sisters Across The Gulf of Finland. Watching the Pain of Others reveals the pains left to us as an inheritance by the past. Imbi Paju examines the way in which we look at each other, ourselves and our history. The stories of these women refresh our memories and call to mind\nthe pages of our story hidden in the silence of history.\nImbi Paju has lectured and taken part in numerous seminars and deliberations about the crimes of communism and historical denial. Discussions inspired by her book and film in Estonia, Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Taiwan, Ireland, Greece, Israel and the United States have helped open a dialogue in Europe as well as North America. This discussion continues with increasing clarity and urgency.", "Q45157": "Paul Cornu (French pronunciation: \u200b[p\u0254l k\u0254\u0281ny]; June 15, 1881 \u2013 6 June 1944) was a French engineer.", "Q167318": "Count Hubert James Marcel Taffin de Givenchy (pronounced [yb\u025b\u0281 d\u0259 \u0292iv\u0251\u0303\u0283i]; 20 February 1927 \u2013 10 March 2018) was a French fashion designer who founded the house of Givenchy in 1952. He was famous for having designed much of the personal and professional wardrobe of Audrey Hepburn and clothing for Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy. He was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1970. His partner was Philippe Venet.", "Q87202": "Moritz Thausing (3 June 1838 \u2013 11 August 1884) was an Austrian art historian, and counts among the founders of the Vienna School of Art History.", "Q169335": "Namkhai Norbu (Tibetan: \u0f46\u0f7c\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f53\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f41\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f53\u0f7c\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f74\u0f0b) was a Tibetan Dzogchen master. When he was two years old, Namkhai Norbu was recognized as the 'mindstream emanation', a tulku, of the Dzogchen teacher Adzom Drugpa (1842\u20131924). At five, he was also recognized as a mindstream emanation of an emanation of Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel (1594\u20131651). From an early age, Namkhai Norbu undertook an accelerated course of study, attending monastic college, taking retreats, and studying with renowned teachers, including some of the most important Tibetan masters of his time. Under the tutelage of these teachers, he completed the training required by the Buddhist tradition in both Sutrayana and Tantrayana. At the age of sixteen, he met master Rigdzin Changchub Dorje (1826\u20131961/1978), who became his principal Dzogchen teacher.In 1960, he came to Italy at the invitation of Professor Giuseppe Tucci, and served as Professor of Tibetan and Mongolian Language and Literature from 1964 to 1992 at the Naples Eastern University. Namkhai Norbu was widely recognized as a leading authority on Tibetan culture, particularly in the fields of history, literature, and Traditional Tibetan medicine and astrological sciences such as the Tibetan calendar. In 1983, he hosted the first International Convention on Tibetan Medicine, held in Venice, Italy.In 1976, Namkhai Norbu began to give Dzogchen instruction in the West, first in Italy, then in numerous other countries. He quickly became a respected spiritual authority among many practitioners, and has created centers for the study of Dzogchen worldwide. On 10 September 2018, the Italian government gave its highest award, Commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, to him from President Sergio Mattarella. The Tibetan government in exile regarded him as having been \u201cthe foremost living Dzogchen\u201d teacher at the time of his death in 2018.", "Q599543": "Antonio Albacete (born 15 January 1965) is a Spanish racing driver. He competed in Formula 3000 in 1987 and spent three years in Spanish Touring Cars, from 1994 until 1996. During his stay in the latter he drove for three different manufacturers \u2013 Opel, then BMW, and finally Alfa Romeo. In 1998 he drove for the first time in the European Truck Championship.\nIn 2005, 2006 and 2010 he won the European Truck Championship for the CEPSA-MAN team managed by Spanish Ivan Cruz.", "Q15760": "Novorossiysk (Russian: \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a, IPA: [n\u0259v\u0259r\u0250\u02c8s\u02b2ijsk], Adyghe: \u0426\u04c0\u044d\u043c\u044d\u0437) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It is the country's main port on the Black Sea and the leading Russian port for exporting grain. It is one of the few cities honored with the title of the Hero City. Population: 241,952\u2009(2010 Census); 232,079\u2009(2002 Census); 185,938\u2009(1989 Census).", "Q3353479": "Thomas Kailath (born June 7, 1935) is an electrical engineer, information theorist, control engineer, entrepreneur and the Hitachi America Professor of Engineering, Emeritus, at Stanford University. Professor Kailath has authored several books, including the well-known book Linear Systems, which ranks as one of the most referenced books in the field of linear systems. In 2012, Kailath was awarded the National Medal of Science, presented by President Barack Obama in 2014 for \"transformative contributions to the fields of information and system science, for distinctive and sustained mentoring of young scholars, and for translation of scientific ideas into entrepreneurial ventures that have had a significant impact on industry.\"\nKailath is listed as an ISI highly cited researcher and is generally recognized as one of the preeminent figures of twentieth-century electrical engineering.", "Q44249": "Teodato Ipato (also Diodato or Deusdedit; Latin: Theodatus Hypatus) was Doge of Venice from 742 to 755. With his election came the restoration of the dogato, which had been defunct since the assassination of his father, Orso Ipato. Before his election he had served as magister militum in 739.\nTeodato was the son of Doge Orso Ipato. He was condemned to exile in 737 in the wake of his father's murder, which came perhaps as a complication of a civil conflict between Eraclea and Equilio. The office of doge was subsequently abolished in favour of a magister militum, denoting in this case a chief magistrate to be replaced yearly. The first to be installed in this role was Domenico Leoni, who at the end of his twelve-month term was replaced by Felicius Cornicola. It was under Felicius' administration that Teodato was recalled from exile.After returning home, Teodato is said to have gained the favour of the Venetian electors, and in 739, he was thus selected as Felicius Cornicola's successor. At the end of his term he was himself replaced by Jovian Ceparius, having failed to procure re-election; and Jovian, at his term's end, was succeeded by Giovanni Fabriciaco, who took office in 741. Fabriciaco's appointment would prove disastrous: some months into his term an uprising took hold, and consequently he was ousted from office, blinded, and driven into exile. Most historians put this at around 742. Teodato, said to have been complicit in Fabriciaco's downfall, was later by popular vote appointed Doge, marking the end of the interregnum which had lasted from 737\u201342.\nUnder Teodato, Venice's seat of government was moved from Eraclea to Malamocco. Also during his reign came the renewal of an age-old treaty with the Lombards, first composed in the reign of Paolo Lucio Anafesto, and an earthquake which is said to have flooded parts of Venice. His reign came to an end in 755 when he was deposed and blinded at the instigation of Galla Gaulo, who was subsequently elected Doge.\nAn alternative view of Teodato's fate, as described in Hazlitt's History of the Venetian Republic, is that rather than being blinded and deposed, he was instead murdered by adherents of Galla Gaulo.", "Q659907": "Pr\u00e4z (Romansh: Preaz) was a municipality in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Portein, Pr\u00e4z, Sarn and Tartar merged into the municipality of Cazis.", "Q179126": "John Ruskin (8 February 1819 \u2013 20 January 1900) was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era, as well as an art patron, draughtsman, watercolourist, prominent social thinker and philanthropist. He wrote on subjects as varied as geology, architecture, myth, ornithology, literature, education, botany and political economy.\nHis writing styles and literary forms were equally varied. He penned essays and treatises, poetry and lectures, travel guides and manuals, letters and even a fairy tale. He also made detailed sketches and paintings of rocks, plants, birds, landscapes, and architectural structures and ornamentation.\nThe elaborate style that characterised his earliest writing on art gave way in time to plainer language designed to communicate his ideas more effectively. In all of his writing, he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society.\nHe was hugely influential in the latter half of the 19th century and up to the First World War. After a period of relative decline, his reputation has steadily improved since the 1960s with the publication of numerous academic studies of his work. Today, his ideas and concerns are widely recognised as having anticipated interest in environmentalism, sustainability and craft.\nRuskin first came to widespread attention with the first volume of Modern Painters (1843), an extended essay in defence of the work of J. M. W. Turner in which he argued that the principal role of the artist is \"truth to nature.\" From the 1850s, he championed the Pre-Raphaelites, who were influenced by his ideas. His work increasingly focused on social and political issues. Unto This Last (1860, 1862) marked the shift in emphasis. In 1869, Ruskin became the first Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford, where he established the Ruskin School of Drawing. In 1871, he began his monthly \"letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain\", published under the title Fors Clavigera (1871\u20131884). In the course of this complex and deeply personal work, he developed the principles underlying his ideal society. As a result, he founded the Guild of St George, an organisation that endures today.", "Q253763": "The Munich Waldfriedhof is one of 29 cemeteries of Munich in Bavaria, Germany. It is one of the larger and more famous burial sites of the city, known for its park-like design and tombs of notable personalities. The Waldfriedhof is considered the first woodland cemetery.", "Q78598": "Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (13 December 1680 in Linz \u2013 26 August 1741 in Mariemont, Morlanwelz), was the governor of the Austrian Netherlands between 1725 and 1741.", "Q312703": "Sun Dawen (simplified Chinese: \u5b59\u5927\u6587; traditional Chinese: \u5b6b\u5927\u6587; pinyin: S\u016bn D\u00e0w\u00e9n; Jyutping: Syun1 Daai6 Man6; ), known as Da-Wen Sun, is a Chinese-born professor who studies food engineering at University College Dublin.\nProfessor Sun is an Academician of six academies including Royal Irish Academy, Academia Europaea (The Academy of Europe), Polish Academy of Sciences, International Academy of Food Science and Technology, International Academy of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering and International Academy of Refrigeration. He is also President of International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (CIGR).", "Q47768": "Italy of Values (Italian: Italia dei Valori, IdV) is a centrist, populist, and anti-corruption political party in Italy. The party was founded in 1998 by former Mani pulite prosecutor Antonio Di Pietro, who entered politics in 1996 and finally left the party in 2014. IdV has aimed at gathering and giving voice to different sectors of the Italian society. From the beginning of its existence one of its major issues has been the so-called \"moral issue\". However, in early 2010s IdV was eclipsed by the new-born Five Star Movement, founded by comedian Beppe Grillo, which used the same populist and anti-corruption rhetoric.", "Q123572": "Christian August von Eyben (30 August 1700, Schleswig - 21 January 1785, L\u00fcbeck ) was a German lawyer and dean of the Bishopric of L\u00fcbeck.", "Q445372": "Robert Bacon (July 5, 1860 \u2013 May 29, 1919) was an American statesman and diplomat. A leading banker and businessman, who worked closely with Secretary of State Elihu Root, 1905-1909, and served as United States Secretary of State from January to March 1909. He served as ambassador to France 1909 to 1912. He was a leader in the Preparedness Movement setting up training programs for would-be Soldiers before the United States entered the First World War in April 1917. He was defeated narrowly as a candidate for the United States Senate in 1916. He was commissioned as a major in the United States Army in 1917, and played a major role as Chief of the American Military Mission at British General Headquarters.", "Q390072": "Faisal Al-Qasim (born June 3, 1961), also written as Faisal Al-Kasim (Arabic: \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645) is a British-Syrian veteran and television personality based in Qatar, who is known for hosting the controversial live debate show The Opposite Direction (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633) on Al Jazeera, where two guests with contradicting points of views debate on various topics but mostly topics related to politics of the Arab world. Fights break out on some occasions.Al-Qassim is known for his provocative on-screen style and is frequently credited with playing a large part in Al Jazeera's reputation in the Arab world as willing to break taboos and potentially offend individuals and states. He was listed by Arabian Business Magazine as one of the top most influential Arab personalities for the year 2007, ranked as 64th.Al-Kasim is married to a Syrian woman who comes from the same village and has 3 children, a girl, Siba, and two boys, Asil and Adam. Outside his work in media, Al-Kasim enjoys a range of interests and pastimes including internet surfing, shopping, and listening to music.\nIn 2001 Al-Qassim was asked about his faith and he answered that he is Druze but in the past years (from 2019) Faisal Al-Qassem's post have shown some type of Islamic influence over them which made many people believe that Al-Kasim converted to Islam \n\n", "Q268905": "Prince Valiant is a 1997 Irish-British independent sword and sorcery film directed by Anthony Hickox, written by Michael Frost Beckner, and starring Stephen Moyer, Katherine Heigl, Thomas Kretschmann, Joanna Lumley, Ron Perlman, and Edward Fox. It is a loose adaptation of the long-running Prince Valiant comic strip of Hal Foster, some panels of which were used in the movie. In it, Valiant must battle the Vikings and a scheming sorceress to save the kingdom.\n\n", "Q424940": "Moxifloxacin, sold under the brandname Avelox among others, is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes pneumonia, conjunctivitis, endocarditis, tuberculosis, and sinusitis. It is used by mouth, by injection into a vein, or as an eye drop.Common side effects include diarrhea, dizziness, and headache. Severe side effects may include spontaneous tendon ruptures, nerve damage, and worsening of myasthenia gravis. Safety of use in pregnancy or breastfeeding is unclear. Moxifloxacin is in the fluoroquinolone family of medications. It usually results in bacterial death through blocking their ability to duplicate DNA.Moxifloxacin was patented in 1988 and approved for use in the United States in 1999. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is US$0.45\u20132.70 per day, as of 2015. In the United States, as of 2017, the wholesale cost is about $4.00 per day.", "Q69495": "Ligerz (French: Gl\u00e9resse) is a municipality in the Biel/Bienne administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q92141": "Prince Wilhelm Karl of Prussia (Wilhelm Karl Adalbert Erich Detloff; 30 January 1922, in Potsdam \u2013 9 April 2007, in Holzminden) was the third son of Prince Oskar of Prussia, and the last surviving grandson of Wilhelm II, the last German Emperor. He was the thirty-sixth Master of Knights (Herrenmeister) of the Protestant (and largely German) Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg), also known as Der Johanniterorden.", "Q766275": "The Hungarian Democratic Forum (Hungarian: Magyar Demokrata F\u00f3rum, MDF) was a centre-right political party in Hungary. It had a Hungarian nationalist, national-conservative, Christian-democratic ideology. The party was represented continuously in the National Assembly from the restoration of democracy in 1990 until 2010. It was dissolved on 8 April 2011.\nThe MDF was the largest party on Hungary's emergence as a democratic country under the leadership of J\u00f3zsef Antall, Prime Minister between 1990 and 1993. Since then, its representation has receded, with the party playing the role of junior coalition partner to Fidesz from 1998 to 2002, and in opposition otherwise.\nIt was a member of the Centrist Democrat International and was a member of the European People's Party until 2009, when it joined the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists. The MDF's one MEP, Lajos Bokros, sat with the European Conservatives and Reformists in the European Parliament.", "Q82352": "Radio is a 2003 American semi-biographical sports drama film directed by Mike Tollin, and inspired by the 1996 Sports Illustrated article \"Someone to Lean On\" by Gary Smith. The article and the movie are based on the true story of T. L. Hanna High School football coach Harold Jones (Ed Harris) and a mentally handicapped young man, James Robert \"Radio\" Kennedy (Cuba Gooding Jr.). The film co-stars Debra Winger and Alfre Woodard. It was filmed primarily in Walterboro, South Carolina because its buildings and downtown core still fit the look of the era the film was trying to depict.\n\n", "Q829147": "A protest song is a song that is associated with a movement for social change and hence part of the broader category of topical songs (or songs connected to current events). It may be folk, classical, or commercial in the genre.\nAmong social movements that have an associated body of songs are the abolition movement, women's suffrage, the labour movement, the human rights movement, civil rights, the anti-war movement and 1960s counterculture, the feminist movement, the sexual revolution, the gay rights movement, animal rights movement, vegetarianism and veganism, gun control, and environmentalism.\nProtest songs are often situational, having been associated with a [[bref] through context. \"Goodnight Irene\", for example, acquired the aura of a protest song because it was written by Lead Belly, a black convict and social outcast, although on its face it is a love song. Or they may be abstract, expressing, in more general terms, opposition to injustice and support for peace, or free thought, but audiences usually know what is being referred to. Ludwig van Beethoven's \"Ode to Joy\", a song in support of universal brotherhood, is a song of this kind. It is a setting of a poem by Friedrich Schiller celebrating the continuum of living beings (who are united in their capacity for feeling pain and pleasure and hence for empathy), to which Beethoven himself added the lines that all men are brothers. Songs which support the status quo do not qualify as protest songs.Protest song texts may have significant cognitive content. The labour movement musical Pins and Needles summed up the definition of a protest song in a number called \"Sing Me a Song of Social Significance.\" Phil Ochs once explained, \"A protest song is a song that's so specific that you cannot mistake it for BS.\"An 18th-century example of a topical song intended as a feminist protest song is \"Rights of Woman\" (1795), sung to the tune of \"God Save the King\", written anonymously by \"A Lady\" and published in the Philadelphia Minerva, October 17, 1795. There is no evidence that it was ever sung as a movement song, however.", "Q186864": "Thirteen Ghosts (also known as 13 Ghosts and stylized as THIR13EN Ghosts) is a 2001 supernatural horror film directed by Steve Beck. A remake of the 1960 film 13 Ghosts by William Castle, the film stars Tony Shalhoub, Embeth Davidtz, Matthew Lillard, Shannon Elizabeth, Alec Roberts, Rah Digga, and F. Murray Abraham. It was released to theaters on October 26, 2001, shot entirely around Lower Mainland, British Columbia.", "Q143286": "Melody Thornton (born September 28, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter, dancer and television personality. She rose to stardom as a member of the successful pop group the Pussycat Dolls. The youngest member of the group, Thornton assumed the second most prominent vocal role, after lead vocalist Nicole Scherzinger, and was distinguished for her melismatic vocal runs. As of 2010, Thornton has departed from the group to focus on her solo career. Thornton's first mixtape, P.O.Y.B.L was released March 15, 2012.", "Q1354547": "Paul Orfalea (Arabic: \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0644\u064a\u200e) (born November 28, 1947), nicknamed \"Kinko\" because of his curly red hair, founded the copy-chain Kinko's.Orfalea was born in Los Angeles, California to Lebanese parents. \nHe is currently a philanthropist and a visiting professor at California Lutheran University's School of Management, in the Global and International Studies Department of the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), at the Lloyd Greif Center for Entrepreneurial Studies at the University of Southern California (USC) Marshall School of Business, and at the Fred Kiesner Center for Entrepreneurship for the College of Business Administration at Loyola Marymount University. He is a brother of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity.", "Q714185": "Dolores Janney \"Jenni\" Rivera Saavedra (July 2, 1969 \u2013 December 9, 2012) was an American singer, songwriter, actress, television producer, spokesperson, philanthropist and entrepreneur known for her work within the Regional Mexican music genre, specifically in the styles of Banda, Mariachi and Norte\u00f1o. In life and death, several media outlets including CNN, Billboard, Fox News, and The New York Times have labeled her as the most important female figure and top selling female artist in Regional Mexican music. Billboard magazine named her the \"top Latin artist of 2013\", and the \"best selling Latin artist of 2013\".\nRivera began recording music in 1992. Her recordings often had themes of social issues, infidelity, and relationships. Rivera released her first studio album, Si Quieres Verme Llorar, in the late 1990s, failing to attain commercial success; however, she rose to prominence in the United States and Mexico with her major-label debut, Parrandera, Rebelde y Atrevida. In the early 2000s, she was often criticized and was refused bookings at venues across California for performing Banda music\u2014a male-dominated music genre. However, her popularity grew after she won the Lo Nuestro Award for Regional Mexican Female Artist of the Year in 2007, which she won nine consecutive times. Her tenth studio album, Jenni (2008) became her first No.1 record on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart in the United States. In 2010, she appeared in and produced the reality TV show Jenni Rivera Presents: Chiquis & Raq-C. She also appeared in and produced I Love Jenni starting in 2011 through 2013 and Chiquis 'n Control in 2012. Her acting debut was in the film Filly Brown, which was released in 2013.\nOver the course of her career, Rivera was awarded two Oye! Awards (Mexico's equivalent to the United States' Grammy Awards), two Billboard Music Awards, twenty-two Billboard Latin Music Awards, eleven Billboard Mexican Music Awards and eighteen Lo Nuestro Awards. She received four Latin Grammy nominations. She has a star on the Las Vegas Walk of Stars, and she is one of the best-selling regional Mexican artists of all time, having sold more than 20 million records worldwide, also making her the highest-earning banda singer of all time.\nAside from music, she was active in her community and donated her time to civic causes. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence appointed her its spokesperson in the United States. A proclamation was given officially naming August 6 \u201cJenni Rivera Day\u201d by the Los Angeles City Council for all her charity work and community involvement.\nRivera, along with six others, died in a plane crash near Monterrey, on December 9, 2012. An investigation was unable to determine the causes of the accident. Lawsuits involving the owners of the plane, Rivera's estate, and family members of those on board with Rivera were filed.", "Q192811": "The Tel Aviv District (Hebrew: \u05de\u05b8\u05d7\u05d5\u05b9\u05d6 \u05ea\u05b5\u05bc\u05dc \u05d0\u05b8\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u05d1;) is the smallest and most densely populated of six administrative districts of Israel with a population of 1.35 million residents. It is 98.9% Jewish and 1.10% Arab (0.7% Muslim, 0.4% Christian).The district's capital is Tel Aviv, one of the two largest cities in Israel and the country's economic, business and technological capital. The metropolitan area created by the Tel Aviv district and its neighboring cities is locally named Gush Dan.\nIt is the only one of the six districts not to border either the occupied West Bank or an international border, being surrounded on the north, east, and south by the Central District and on the west by the Mediterranean Sea. The population density of Tel Aviv district is 7,259/km2.", "Q6607": "The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings. It is typically played with both hands by strumming or plucking the strings with either a guitar pick or the fingers/fingernails of one hand, while simultaneously fretting (pressing the strings against the frets) with the fingers of the other hand. The sound of the vibrating strings is projected either acoustically, by means of the hollow chamber of the guitar (for an acoustic guitar), or through an electrical amplifier and a speaker.\nThe guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument.\nThere are three main types of modern acoustic guitar: the classical guitar (Spanish guitar/nylon-string guitar), the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar, which is sometimes called a \"jazz guitar\". The tone of an acoustic guitar is produced by the strings' vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar, which acts as a resonating chamber. The classical guitar is often played as a solo instrument using a comprehensive finger-picking technique where each string is plucked individually by the player's fingers, as opposed to being strummed. The term \"finger-picking\" can also refer to a specific tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass, and country guitar playing in the United States. The acoustic bass guitar is a low-pitched instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar.\nElectric guitars, introduced in the 1930s, use an amplifier and a loudspeaker that both makes the sound of the instrument loud enough for the performers and audience to hear, and, given that it produces an electric signal when played, that can electronically manipulate and shape the tone using an equalizer (e.g., bass and treble tone controls) and a huge variety of electronic effects units, the most commonly used ones being distortion (or \"overdrive\") and reverb. Early amplified guitars employed a hollow body, but solid wood guitars began to dominate during the 1960s and 1970s, as they are less prone to unwanted acoustic feedback \"howls\". As with acoustic guitars, there are a number of types of electric guitars, including hollowbody guitars, archtop guitars (used in jazz guitar, blues and rockabilly) and solid-body guitars, which are widely used in rock music.\nThe loud, amplified sound and sonic power of the electric guitar played through a guitar amp has played a key role in the development of blues and rock music, both as an accompaniment instrument (playing riffs and chords) and performing guitar solos, and in many rock subgenres, notably heavy metal music and punk rock. The electric guitar has had a major influence on popular culture. The guitar is used in a wide variety of musical genres worldwide. It is recognized as a primary instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, folk, jazz, jota, mariachi, metal, punk, reggae, rock, soul, and pop.\n\n", "Q458445": "Pete Dexter (born July 22, 1943) is an American novelist.Dexter won the U.S. National Book Award in 1988 for his novel Paris Trout.", "Q300307": "A are a British alternative rock band from Suffolk, England, which formed in 1993. They have released four albums and two live mini-albums, and had a top ten hit with \"Nothing\" in 2002.\nShortly after releasing their fourth album, Teen Dance Ordinance in 2005, the band briefly split. In 2007 A reunited for a one-off gig, and have been touring sporadically ever since, most recently playing the main stage at 2000 Trees 2019. They have yet to release an album since 2005.", "Q1168": "Chhattisgarh (Chatt\u012bsga\u1e5bh, Hindi pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0283\u02b0\u0259t\u032a\u02d0i\u02d0sg\u0259\u027d\u02b1] translation: Thirty-Six Forts) is one of the 28 states of India, located in the centre-east of the country. It is the ninth-largest state in India, with an area of 135,192 km2 (52,198 sq mi). With a 2020 population of 29 million (2.9 crore), Chhattisgarh is the 17th-most populated state in the country. A resource-rich state, it is a source of electricity and steel for the country, accounting for 15% of the total steel produced as well as a large contributor of coal. Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest-developing states in India.The state was formed on 1 November 2000 by partitioning ten Chhattisgarhi and six Gondi-speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh. The capital city is Raipur. Chhattisgarh borders the states of Madhya Pradesh in the northwest, Uttar Pradesh in the north, Jharkhand in northeast, Maharashtra in the southwest, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in the south, and Odisha in the southeast. Currently the state comprises 28 districts.\nThe Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Chhattisgarh is \u20b93.63 lakh crore (US$51 billion) and the per capita GSDP \u20b9102,762 (US$1,400)", "Q121365": "Piet Klocke (born 20 December 1957) is a German musician, cabaret artist, author and actor.\nKlocke studied Philosophy and German language, but quit his studies to dedicate himself to free music theater. He played in various Blues-, Punk- and Neue Deutsche Welle-Bands.", "Q151682": "The Soul Keeper (Italian: Prendimi l'anima, French: L'\u00e2me en jeu) is a 2002 Italian-French-British romance-drama film directed by Roberto Faenza. It is loosely based on real life events of Russian psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein and notably on her therapeutic and sentimental relationship with Carl Gustav Jung.", "Q35498": "Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 \u2013 November 18, 1886) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. Previously the 20th vice president, he succeeded to the presidency upon the death of President James A. Garfield in September 1881, two months after Garfield was shot by an assassin.\nArthur was born in Fairfield, Vermont, grew up in upstate New York, and practiced law in New York City. He served as quartermaster general of the New York Militia during the American Civil War. Following the war, he devoted more time to Republican politics and quickly rose in New York Senator Roscoe Conkling's political organization. President Ulysses S. Grant appointed him to the post of Collector of the Port of New York in 1871, and he was an important supporter of Conkling and the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party. In 1878, President Rutherford B. Hayes fired Arthur as part of a plan to reform the federal patronage system in New York. Garfield won the Republican nomination for president in 1880, and Arthur was nominated for vice president to balance the ticket as an Eastern Stalwart. Four months into his term, Garfield was shot by an assassin; he died 11 weeks later, and Arthur assumed the presidency.\nAt the outset, Arthur struggled to overcome a negative reputation as a Stalwart and product of Conkling's organization. To the surprise of reformers, he advocated and enforced the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. He presided over the rebirth of the US Navy, but he was criticized for failing to alleviate the federal budget surplus which had been accumulating since the end of the Civil War. Arthur reluctantly signed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which barred the entry of Chinese laborers. The 1875 Page Act barred Chinese women from entering the country and was the first total ban on a nation or ethnic group from immigrating to the country.\nSuffering from poor health, Arthur made only a limited effort to secure the Republican Party's nomination in 1884, and he retired at the end of his term. Journalist Alexander McClure wrote, \"No man ever entered the Presidency so profoundly and widely distrusted as Chester Alan Arthur, and no one ever retired\u2026 more generally respected, alike by political friend and foe.\" Arthur's failing health and political temperament combined to make his administration less active than a modern presidency, yet he earned praise among contemporaries for his solid performance in office. The New York World summed up Arthur's presidency at his death in 1886: \"No duty was neglected in his administration, and no adventurous project alarmed the nation.\" Mark Twain wrote of him, \"It would be hard indeed to better President Arthur's administration.\"\n\n", "Q212071": "A rector (\u2018ruler\u2019, from rector meaning \u2019ruler\u2019) is a senior official in an educational institution, and can refer to an official in either a university or a secondary school. Outside the English-speaking world the rector is often the most senior official in a university, whilst in the United States the most senior official is often referred to as President and in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth of Nations the most senior official is the Chancellor, whose office is primarily ceremonial and titular. The term and office of a rector can be referred to as a rectorate.\nThe title is used widely in universities in Europe. and is very common in Latin American countries. It is also used in Brunei, Turkey, Russia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Indonesia, Israel and the Middle East. In the ancient universities of Scotland the office is sometimes referred to as Lord Rector, is the third most senior official, and is usually responsible for chairing the University Court.\n\n", "Q976331": "Randolpho Francisco Castillo (December 18, 1950 \u2013 March 26, 2002) was an American musician. He was Ozzy Osbourne's drummer during the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, and later as drummer for M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce, from 1999 to his death in 2002.", "Q555613": "Giorgio Valentino Bocca (28 August 1920 \u2013 25 December 2011) was an Italian essayist and journalist, also known for his participation in the World War II partisan movement.", "Q234908": "Nizami Ganjavi (Persian: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0646\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u200e, romanized: Ni\u1e93\u0101m\u012b Ganjav\u012b, lit. 'Ni\u1e93\u0101m\u012b of Ganja') (1141\u20131209), Nizami Ganje'i, Nizami, or Nez\u0101mi, whose formal name was Jamal ad-D\u012bn Ab\u016b Mu\u1e25ammad Ily\u0101s ibn-Y\u016bsuf ibn-Zakk\u012b, was a 12th-century Persian Sunni Muslim poet. Nez\u0101mi is considered the greatest romantic epic poet in Persian literature, who brought a colloquial and realistic style to the Persian epic. His heritage is widely appreciated and shared by Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, the Kurdistan region and Tajikistan.", "Q316565": "Giorgetto Giugiaro (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292or\u02c8d\u0292etto d\u0292u\u02c8d\u0292a\u02d0ro]; born 7 August 1938) is an Italian automobile designer. He has worked on supercars and popular everyday vehicles. He was born in Garessio, Cuneo, Piedmont.\nGiugiaro was named Car Designer of the Century in 1999 and inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 2002.In addition to cars, Giugiaro designed camera bodies for Nikon, computer prototypes for Apple, Navigation promenade of Porto Santo Stefano, and developed a new pasta shape \"Marille\", as well as office furniture for Okamura Corporation.", "Q2566598": "A religious (using the word as a noun) is, in the terminology of many Western Christian denominations, such as the Catholic Church, Lutheran Churches, and Anglican Communion, what in common language one would call a \"monk\" or \"nun\", as opposed to an ordained \"priest\". A religious may also be a priest if he has undergone ordination, but in general he is not.\nMore precisely, a religious is a member of a religious order or religious institute, someone who belongs to \"a society in which members...pronounce public vows...and lead a life of brothers or sisters in common\".Some classes of religious have also been referred to, though less commonly now than in the past, as regulars, because of living in accordance with a religious rule (regula in Latin) such as the Rule of Saint Benedict.", "Q161741": "The 1st arrondissement of Paris (Ier arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is colloquially referred to as premier (first/the first).\nAlso known as Louvre, the arrondissement is situated principally on the right bank of the River Seine. It also includes the west end of the \u00cele de la Cit\u00e9. The arrondissement is one of the oldest in Paris, the \u00cele de la Cit\u00e9 having been the heart of the city of Lutetia, conquered by the Romans in 52 BC, while some parts on the right bank (including Les Halles) date back to the early Middle Ages.\nIt is the least populated of the city's arrondissements and one of the smallest by area, a significant part of which is occupied by the Louvre Museum and the Tuileries Gardens. The Forum des Halles is the largest shopping mall in Paris. Much of the remainder of the arrondissement is dedicated to business and administration.", "Q97039": "Sophie Antonie Luise Schr\u00f6der (February 23, 1781 - February 25, 1868), was a German actress.\nShe was born at Paderborn, the daughter of an actor, Gottfried B\u00fcrger.\nShe made her first appearance in opera at St Petersburg, in 1793. On Kotzebue's recommendation she was engaged for the Vienna Court theatre in 1798, and here and in Munich and Hamburg she won great successes in tragic roles like Marie Stuart, Ph\u00e8dre, Merope, Lady Macbeth, and Isabella in The Bride of Messina, which gave her the reputation of being \"the German Siddons.\"\nShe retired in 1840 and lived in Augsburg and Munich until her death in 1868. She had married, in 1795, an actor, Stollmers (properly Smets), from whom she separated in 1799. In 1804 she married the tenor Friedrich Schr\u00f6der, and on his death in 1825, an actor, Wilhelm Kunst. Schr\u00f6der's eldest daughter was the opera singer, Wilhelmine Schr\u00f6der-Devrient.", "Q441114": "Julia Channel (born 3 November 1973) is a French former pornographic and mainstream actress, singer and entrepreneur.", "Q43268": "The Huetstock (also known as Wild Geissberg) is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located on the border between Nidwalden and Obwalden in Central Switzerland. It is located between the valleys of Melchtal and Engelberg, just north of the Rotsandnollen.", "Q32491": "Qantas Airways Limited () is the flag carrier of Australia and its largest airline by fleet size, international flights and international destinations. It is the third oldest airline in the world, after KLM and Avianca, having been founded in November 1920; it began international passenger flights in May 1935. The Qantas name comes from \"QANTAS\", an acronym for its original name, \"Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services\", and it is nicknamed \"The Flying Kangaroo\". Qantas is a founding member of the Oneworld airline alliance.The airline is based in the Sydney suburb of Mascot, adjacent to its main hub at Sydney Airport. As of March 2014, Qantas had a 65% share of the Australian domestic market and carried 14.9% of all passengers travelling in and out of Australia. Various subsidiary airlines operate to regional centres and on some trunk routes within Australia under the QantasLink banner. Qantas also owns Jetstar Airways, a low-cost airline that operates both international services from Australia and domestic services within Australia and New Zealand; and holds stakes in a number of other Jetstar-branded airlines.\n\n", "Q2707860": "Alaa Mubarak (Arabic: \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u200e Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [\u0295\u00e6\u02c8l\u00e6\u02d0\u0294 mo\u02c8b\u0251\u02d0\u027e\u0251k]) (born 26 November 1960 in Cairo) is an Egyptian businessman and the elder of two sons of Hosni Mubarak, the former President of Egypt who served from 1981 to 2011, and his wife Suzanne Mubarak.", "Q10798873": "Kensico Cemetery, located in Valhalla, Westchester County, New York was founded in 1889, when many New York City cemeteries were becoming full, and rural cemeteries were being created near the railroads that served the city. Initially 250 acres (1.0 km2), it was expanded to 600 acres (2.4 km\u00b2) in 1905, but reduced to 461 acres (1.9 km\u00b2) in 1912, when a portion was sold to the neighboring Gate of Heaven Cemetery. Several baseball players are buried in this cemetery.\nMany entertainment figures of the early twentieth century, including the Russian-born Sergei Rachmaninoff, were buried here. The cemetery has a special section for members of the Actors' Fund of America and the National Vaudeville Association, some of whom died in abject poverty.\nSharon Gardens is a 76-acre (31 ha) section of Kensico Cemetery, which was created in 1953 for Jewish burials.", "Q90030": "Paul Hofmann (20 November 1912 in Vienna \u2013 30 December 2008) was an Austrian, later American, author, journalist, linguist, and political activist. The New York Times, for whom he was a foreign correspondent, described him as fluent in German, Italian, French, and English, and having a command of several other languages that was more than passable, as well as \"a broad grasp of history and diplomatic affairs and an often playful curiosity\".", "Q370186": "Eric Ruuth (October 24, 1746 \u2013 May 25, 1820) was a Swedish nobleman and the owner of Marsvinsholm Castle. He served as the Governor-General of Swedish Pomerania from 1792 to 1796. With his coal mine he started the company that would eventually become H\u00f6gan\u00e4s AB.\n\n", "Q44507": "Edmund R\u00fcdiger Stoiber (born 28 September 1941) is a German politician who served as the 16th Minister President of the state of Bavaria between 1993 and 2007 and chairman of the Christian Social Union (CSU) between 1999 and 2007. In 2002 he ran for the office of Chancellor of Germany in the federal election, but in one of the narrowest elections in German history lost against Gerhard Schr\u00f6der. On 18 January 2007, he announced his decision to step down from the posts of minister-president and party chairman by 30 September, after having been under fire in his own party for weeks.", "Q118282": "Rudolf Friedrich (4 July 1923 \u2013 15 October 2013) was a Swiss politician, lawyer and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1982\u20131984). He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 8 December 1982 and, for health reason, resigned his office on 20 October 1984. He is affiliated to the Free Democratic Party. During his office time he held the Federal Department of Justice and Police.", "Q137261": "Rudolf van den Berg (born 6 January 1949, in Rotterdam) is a Dutch writer and director.\nVan den Berg has been making films and documentaries for over thirty years now. Often praised and crowned, sometimes seriously criticized, Van den Berg's work has always succeeded in stirring passionate reactions.\nHis eighth feature film Tirza was released in September 2010. It is a heart-breaking, edgy story of a man in search of his missing daughter. In the desert of Namibia the father will be forced to confront the man who destroyed the life of his favorite child. The film was selected as the Dutch entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 83rd Academy Awards but it didn't make the final shortlist.S\u00fcskind, a war story, written by Chris W. Mitchell and Van den Berg himself was released on 19 January 2012. Just as Tirza, it is also as a coproduction between Cadenza Films and FuWorks.", "Q348419": "Evgeni Mikeladze (Georgian: \u10d4\u10d5\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4) (July 27, 1903 \u2013 1937) was a leading Georgian orchestra conductor of the 1930s, executed during the Joseph Stalin's Great Purges. \nBorn in Baku, Azerbaijan, then part of Imperial Russia, he moved, with his family, to Tbilisi, Georgia in a few years. \nHe attended musical classes at the Cadet Corps, Tbilisi Real School and finally entered the Tbilisi National Conservatory. Since his childhood, he played various wind instruments, chiefly the trumpet and the French horn, and decided to become a conductor in the mid-1920s. He then took courses at the Leningrad State Conservatory under the guidance of eminent Soviet conductors, Nikolai Malko and Aleksandr Gauk. Back to Tbilisi in 1931, he quickly gained notability as a talented conductor and a promoter of classical music, and earned appraisal from several Soviet and foreign musicians. He organized and led, in 1933, the National Symphony Orchestra of Georgia. A year later, he became a chief conductor at the Tbilisi Opera House. \nAt the age of 33, he was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the Georgian SSR (1936). Mikeladze\u2019s productive career was soon to be abruptly terminated, however. He was married to the daughter of Mamia Orakhelashvili, an Old Bolshevik who was purged under Stalin in 1937. Mikeladze was also arrested in November 1937 and subjected to forty-eight days of interrogation and torture, being allegedly questioned and beaten also by Lavrentiy Beria. Eventually, Mikeladze was sentenced to be shot by the NKVD troika.In a newly independent post-Soviet Georgia, his name has been given to the National Symphony Orchestra founded and led by Mikeladze.\nHis son, Vakhtang Mikeladze, is a documentary film maker currently working for the Channel One.", "Q732142": "Mikhail Maratovich Fridman (also transliterated Mikhail Friedman; Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0434\u043c\u0430\u043d; born 21 April 1964) is a Russian business magnate. He also holds Israeli citizenship. He co-founded Alfa-Group, a multinational Russian conglomerate. According to Forbes, he was the seventh richest Russian as of 2017. In May 2017, he was also ranked as Russia's most important businessman by bne IntelliNews.In 1991 he co-founded Alfa-Bank, which is one of the largest private banks in Russia. After serving as CEO of TNK-BP, the 50/50 TNK-BP joint venture, for nine years, in 2013 he sold his stake in the company and co-founded the international investment company LetterOne (L1), headquartered in Luxembourg. Fridman currently sits as chairman of the supervisory board of Alfa Group Consortium, and he is also on the boards of Alfa-Bank and ABH Holdings, which is the Luxembourg-based holding company of Alfa Banking Group.He is also on the supervisory board of directors for VEON (formerly Vimpelcom) and X5 Retail Group. He is a member of the supervisory board of DEA Deutsche Erdoel AG, which is owned by LetterOne. Fridman has been a member of numerous public facing bodies, including the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, the Public Chamber of Russia, and the Council on Foreign Relations. Also a philanthropist and active supporter of cultural initiatives, he co-founded the Russian Jewish Congress; the Genesis Prize; and the Genesis Philanthropy Group, which supports Russian-speaking Jews worldwide.", "Q300461": "A Little Trip to Heaven is a 2005 Icelandic-American noir-inspired thriller film directed by Baltasar Korm\u00e1kur. It is set in 1985 United States, but almost entirely shot in Iceland. Icelandic musician Mugison composed and performed the soundtrack, except for the song \"A Little Trip to Heaven\", which is originally by Tom Waits. Mugison performs the Waits song on the soundtrack.", "Q457010": "Igor Kipnis (September 27, 1930 \u2013 January 23, 2002) was a well-known American harpsichordist, pianist and conductor.", "Q131610": "Olympiastadion (German pronunciation: [\u0294o\u02c8l\u028fmpi\u032fa\u02d0\u02cc\u0283ta\u02d0di\u032f\u0254n]) is a stadium located in Munich, Germany. Situated at the heart of the Olympiapark M\u00fcnchen in northern Munich, the stadium was built as the main venue for the 1972 Summer Olympics.\nWith an original capacity of 80,000, the stadium also hosted many major football matches including the 1974 FIFA World Cup Final and the UEFA Euro 1988 Final. It hosted the European Cup Finals in 1979, 1993 and 1997. Its current capacity is 69,250.Until the construction of Allianz Arena for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the stadium was home to FC Bayern Munich and TSV 1860 Munich.", "Q9252": "Kazakh or Kazak (Latin: qazaqsha or qazaq tili, Cyrillic: \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b\u0448\u0430 or \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0456, Arabic: \u0642\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u200e or \u0642\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0649\u0644\u0649\u200e, pronounced [q\u0251z\u0251q\u02c8\u0255\u0251], [q\u0251\u02c8z\u0251q t\u026a\u02c8l\u026a]), is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken in Central Asia. It is closely related to Nogai, Kyrgyz and Karakalpak. Kazakh is the official language of Kazakhstan and a significant minority language in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, China and in the Bayan-\u00d6lgii Province of Mongolia. Kazakh is also spoken by many ethnic Kazakhs through the former Soviet Union (approximately 472,000 in Russia according to the 2010 Russian Census), Germany, Iran, Turkey and Afghanistan.\nLike other Turkic languages, Kazakh is an agglutinative language and it employs vowel harmony.\nIn October 2017, Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev decreed that the government would transition from using Cyrillic to the Latin alphabet by 2025. President Nazarbayev signed on February 19, 2018 an amendment to the decree of October 26, 2017 No. 569 \"On translating the Kazakh alphabet from Cyrillic alphabet to the Latin script.\" The amended alphabet uses \u27e8sh\u27e9 and \u27e8ch\u27e9 for the Kazakh sounds /\u0255/ and /t\u0255/, respectively and eliminates the use of apostrophes.", "Q96441": "Andreas Steinh\u00f6fel (born 14 January 1962) is a German author for children and young adult books, and a translator.", "Q4755516": "Andreas Lauritz Thune (9 April 1848 \u2013 20 April 1920) was a Norwegian engineer and businessman. He was associated with the company Thunes Mekaniske V\u00e6rksted.", "Q95148": "Joseph Cheshire Cotten Jr. (May 15, 1905 \u2013 February 6, 1994) was an American film, stage, radio and television actor. Cotten achieved prominence on Broadway, starring in the original stage productions of The Philadelphia Story and Sabrina Fair.\nHe first gained worldwide fame in three Orson Welles films: Citizen Kane (1941), The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), and Journey into Fear (1943), for which Cotten was also credited with the screenplay. He went on to become one of the leading Hollywood actors of the 1940s, appearing in films such as Shadow of a Doubt (1943), Love Letters (1945), Duel in the Sun (1946), Portrait of Jennie (1948), The Third Man (1949) and Niagara (1953). One of his final films was Michael Cimino's Heaven's Gate (1980).", "Q5468": "Durban (Zulu: eThekwini, from itheku meaning \"bay/lagoon\") is the third most populous city in South Africa after Johannesburg and Cape Town and the largest city in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal. Located on the east coast of South Africa, Durban is the busiest port in the country. It is also one of the major centres of tourism because of the city's warm subtropical climate and extensive beaches. Durban forms part of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, which includes neighboring towns and has a population of about 3.44 million, making the combined municipality one of the biggest cities on the Indian Ocean coast of the African continent. It is also the second most important manufacturing hub in South Africa after Johannesburg. In May 2015, Durban was officially recognized as one of the New 7 Wonders Cities, Durban was one of the host cities for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.\n\n", "Q443065": "William Loshawn Calhoun Jr. (born February 3, 1970), better known by his stage name WC (pronounced \"Dub-C\"), is an American rapper and actor. He originally was a rapper in the group Low Profile and later formed his group WC and the Maad Circle, who first succeeded with the single \"Ain't A Damn Thang Changed\". He later started a solo career and has released four solo albums. He is also well known for being a member of the rap supergroup Westside Connection with West Coast rappers Ice Cube and Mack 10.", "Q748836": "Simple Minds are a Scottish rock band formed in Glasgow in 1977. \nSimple Minds have released a string of hit singles, becoming best known internationally for their 1985 hit \"Don't You (Forget About Me)\", from the soundtrack of the film The Breakfast Club. Their other prominent hit singles include \"Alive and Kicking\" and \"Belfast Child\" (UK No. 1). They have achieved five UK Albums chart number one albums and have sold more than 60 million albums. They were the most commercially successful Scottish band of the 1980s. Despite various personnel changes, they continue to record and tour. In 2016, they received the Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Song Collection from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors.The nucleus of Simple Minds consists of the two remaining original members, Jim Kerr (vocals) and Charlie Burchill (electric & acoustic guitars, occasional keyboards after 1990, saxophone and violin). The other current band members are Ged Grimes (bass guitar), Cherisse Osei (drums), Sarah Brown (backing vocals), Gordy Goudie (additional guitar & keyboards). Notable former members include Mick MacNeil (keyboards), Derek Forbes (bass), and, Brian McGee & Mel Gaynor (drums).", "Q210100": "Abraham Flexner (November 13, 1866 \u2013 September 21, 1959) was an American educator, best known for his role in the 20th century reform of medical and higher education in the United States and Canada.After founding and directing a college-preparatory school in his hometown of Louisville, Kentucky, Flexner published a critical assessment of the state of the American educational system in 1908 titled The American College: A Criticism. His work attracted the Carnegie Foundation to commission an in-depth evaluation into 155 medical schools in the US and Canada. It was his resultant self-titled Flexner Report, published in 1910, that sparked the reform of medical education in the United States and Canada. Flexner was also a founder of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, which brought together some of the greatest minds in history to collaborate on intellectual discovery and research.", "Q776700": "John Alva Keel, born Alva John Kiehle (March 25, 1930 \u2013 July 3, 2009) was an American journalist and influential UFOlogist who is best known as author of The Mothman Prophecies.", "Q256155": "Devan (born 5 May 1954) is an Indian film actor, television actor and politician who is known for his work in Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu language films.After doing a lot of the second hero or supporting actor roles he advanced to a lead actor with his films like Oru Minnaminunginte Nurunguvettam (1987), Oozham (1988), Simon Peter Ninakku Vendi (1988) and Aranyakam (1988). His well-known movies such as Vietnam Colony (1992), Ekalavyan (1993), Honest Raj (1994), Baashha (1995) and Indraprasdham (1996).", "Q92627": "Gary Arlen Kildall (; May 19, 1942 \u2013 July 11, 1994) was an American computer scientist and microcomputer entrepreneur who created the CP/M operating system and founded Digital Research, Inc. (DRI). Kildall was one of the first people to see microprocessors as fully capable computers, rather than equipment controllers, and to organize a company around this concept. He also co-hosted the PBS TV show The Computer Chronicles. Although his career in computing spanned more than two decades, he is mainly remembered in connection with IBM's unsuccessful attempt in 1980 to license CP/M for the IBM Personal Computer.", "Q372791": "Jining (simplified Chinese: \u6d4e\u5b81; traditional Chinese: \u6fdf\u5be7 / \u6fdf\u5bd7; pinyin: J\u01d0n\u00edng) is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Shandong province. It borders Heze to the southwest, Zaozhuang to the southeast, Tai'an to the northeast, and the provinces of Henan and Jiangsu to the northwest and south respectively. Jining, which is located directly to the north of Lake Nanyang (Chinese: \u5357\u9633\u6e56; pinyin: N\u00e1ny\u00e1ng H\u00fa), is today the northernmost city reachable by navigation on the Grand Canal of China making it an important inland port.\nIts population was 8,081,905 at the 2010 census, of whom 1,241,012 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of Rencheng urban district on 884 km2 (341 sq mi), Yanzhou district not being totally conurbated yet.", "Q16527": "The Sustenhorn is a 3,502-metre-high (11,490 ft) mountain in the Uri Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Bern and Uri. It overlook Susten Pass from the south.\nBoth sides of the massif are glaciated. On the west side (Bern) lies the Stein Glacier and on the east side (Uri) lies the smaller Flachensteinfirn. The larger massif consists of several other mountains, the principal being Vorder Sustenhorn (3,318 metres), Chli Sustenhorn (3,309 metres) on the north and Sustenlimihorn (3,316 metres) on the south.\n\n", "Q1244998": "Dorian Rudnytsky (born July 9, 1944) is an American cellist and composer. He was born in New York City to a Ukrainian family. His father is composer/conductor Antin Rudnytsky, and his mother is soprano Maria Sokil.\nHe graduated from the Juilliard School of Music in New York City, a \"grandson of Pablo Casals\", having studied with his favorite pupil, Maurice Eisenberg.", "Q93539": "My F\u00fchrer \u2013 The Really Truest Truth about Adolf Hitler (German: Mein F\u00fchrer \u2013 Die wirklich wahrste Wahrheit \u00fcber Adolf Hitler) is a 2007 German comedy-drama film directed by Dani Levy.\nThe setting is World War II, around New Year's of 1945. The film tells the story of Adolf Hitler and his preparation for a big New Year's speech. Hitler is too depressed to speak, so a Jewish acting coach is called in to tutor him.\nThe premiere was held on 9 January 2007 in Essen. Wide German release followed on 11 January and Swiss and Austrian releases on 18 and 19 January, respectively. It was entered into the 29th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Q3160989": "James Cochrane (15 September 1852 \u2013 28 May 1905) was a Canadian construction contractor and politician, the Mayor of Montreal, Quebec between 1902 and 1904.\nCochrane was educated at the British Canadian School and Collegiate College, then began a career in construction-related activity. He was also a Canadian soldier deployed to fight the North-West Rebellion in 1885.\nBesides his term as Mayor, Cochrane also served in provincial politics winning the Montr\u00e9al division no. 4 riding in the 1900 and 1904 Quebec elections. He served in the 10th Legislative Assembly of Quebec concurrent with his service as Montreal Mayor. He was re-elected to a second provincial term in the 11th Assembly, but died in office at Montreal on 28 May 1905.", "Q155382": "Eva-Britt Svensson (born 5 December 1946 in V\u00e4rnamo, Sm\u00e5land) is a Swedish politician and former Member of the European Parliament. She is a member of the Left Party.\nSvensson has been vice-chair of the GUE/NGL group, and chair of the European Parliament's Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality. She was also a member of the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection, a substitute for the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, a member of the delegation for relations with Israel, and a substitute for the delegation to the EU\u2013Ukraine Parliamentary Cooperation Committee.\nSvensson is known for opposing Europe-wide restrictions on freedom of speech and to prevent perceived gender stereotyping.She left the Parliament in September 2011.\n\n", "Q38802": "Maria Adelaide Mengas Matafome Ferreira (born 1 January 1959 in Minde, Alcanena) is a Portuguese singer.She started as a rock singer with the hit \"Baby suicida\" in 1981. After that, she has sung ballads. She represented Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 with the song \"Penso em ti (Eu sei)\" which came 18th with 9 points.She is also an actress on television having roles in many Portuguese telenovelas.", "Q487999": "Gainesville is the county seat of, and the largest city in, Alachua County, Florida, and is both the principal city of the Gainesville, Florida, metropolitan statistical area and the largest city in North Central Florida. In 2018 the US Census Bureau estimated Gainesville's population at 133,857, a 7.4% increase from 2010, and the metropolitan statistical area's population at 288,212.Gainesville is home to the University of Florida, the fifth-largest university campus by enrollment in the United States.", "Q31198": "Tell Me a Riddle is a 1980 American drama film directed by Lee Grant. The screenplay by Joyce Eliason and Alev Lytle is based on the 1961 O'Henry award novella from Tillie Olsen's collection of short stories of the same name. Tell Me a Riddle was Grant's first film as director.\n\n", "Q175052": "Day26 is an American male R&B music group formed in August 2007 by Sean \"Diddy\" Combs in a handpicked selection at the end of MTV's Making the Band 4. The group consists of Robert Curry, Brian Angel, Willie Taylor, Qwanell Mosley and Michael McCluney. The moniker is a tribute to the day when Angel, McCluney, Mosely, Curry, and Taylor went from unknowns to stars. The group released their first album, Day26, on March 25, 2008, one week after their then labelmates and Making the Band 3 winners Danity Kane released Welcome to the Dollhouse. The album's first single, \"Got Me Going\", was released on the finale of Making the Band 4. The album went on to debut at number one on the billboard charts. Subsequent seasons of Making the Band 4 featured the group on tour and making their second album Forever in a Day which also topped the Billboard charts.", "Q547565": "Philippe Muray (1945 in Angers (France) \u2013 March 2, 2006 in Paris) was a French essayist and novelist. None of his works have yet been translated into English. In 2002, Daniel Lindenberg included him in his list of \"new reactionaries\", along with Michel Houellebecq, Maurice Dantec, Alain Badiou, Alain Finkielkraut and others. In 2010, the French actor Fabrice Luchini read some of Muray's works at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de l'Atelier in Paris, which contributed to a renewed discussion of his writings in the French press.", "Q548656": "Blind Faith were an English supergroup featuring Steve Winwood, Eric Clapton, Ginger Baker, and Ric Grech, active in mostly 1969. They were eagerly anticipated by the music press as a continuation of Clapton and Baker's former group Cream and Winwood's former group Traffic, but they split after one album and tour.\nThe group originated with informal jamming by Clapton and Winwood in early 1969 following the break-ups of Cream and Traffic. Baker joined them in rehearsals and they decided to form a group. Grech joined as the fourth member from the band Family in May, and they began recording their debut album. It drew controversy for featuring a photograph of a topless 11-year-old girl on the front cover, and it was banned in the United States.\nThe first Blind Faith concert was on 7 June in front of an estimated 100,000 fans in Hyde Park, London, but they felt that they had not rehearsed enough and were unprepared. They subsequently played concerts in Scandinavia and the US, but the lack of material in the live set led them to play old Cream and Traffic songs which pleased the audience but disillusioned the band. Clapton became increasingly isolated during the tour, preferring to spend time with support act Delaney & Bonnie, and the band split up immediately after their last performance on the tour. Clapton and Winwood both enjoyed the music that they played together in the group's limited time, and they have since collaborated on several tours playing Blind Faith material.", "Q266082": "Teijo Eloranta (born 3 January 1960 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish actor and television writer.\nEloranta began his career in 1991 in television appearing chiefly on TV between then and 2003. However, since 2003 he has increasingly moved into film his most recent in the 2006 film Saippuaprinssi in which he worked with actors such as Mikko Leppilampi and Pamela Tola.", "Q2994387": "An adviser or advisor is normally a person with more and deeper knowledge in a specific area and usually also includes persons with cross-functional and multidisciplinary expertise. An adviser's role is that of a mentor or guide and differs categorically from that of a task-specific consultant. An adviser is typically part of the leadership, whereas consultants fulfill functional roles.The spellings adviser and advisor have both been in use since the 16th century. Adviser has always been the more usual spelling, though advisor has gained frequency in recent years and is a common alternative, especially in North America.\n\n", "Q325805": "David Leland (born 20 April 1947) is an English film director, screenwriter and actor who came to international fame with his directorial debut Wish You Were Here in 1987.", "Q16533": "A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and, typically, in an open court. The judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the barristers or solicitors of the case, assesses the credibility and arguments of the parties, and then issues a ruling on the matter at hand based on his or her interpretation of the law and his or her own personal judgment. In some jurisdictions, the judge's powers may be shared with a jury. In inquisitorial systems of criminal investigation, a judge might also be an examining magistrate.", "Q302262": "Alexandre do Nascimento (born 1 March 1925) is an Angolan Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Luanda from 1986 to 2001 and was made a cardinal in 1983.\n\n", "Q219656": "Macon (), officially Macon\u2013Bibb County, is a consolidated city-county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. Macon lies near the geographic center of the state, approximately 85 miles (137 km) southeast of Atlanta, hence the city's nickname \"The Heart of Georgia\".\nLocated near the fall line of the Ocmulgee River, Macon had a 2018 estimated population of 153,095. Macon is the principal city of the Macon metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 228,914 in 2017. Macon is also the largest city in the Macon\u2013Warner Robins Combined Statistical Area (CSA), a larger trading area with an estimated 420,693 residents in 2017; the CSA abuts the Atlanta metropolitan area just to the north.\nIn a 2012 referendum, voters approved the consolidation of the governments of the City of Macon and Bibb County, and Macon became Georgia's fourth-largest city (just after Columbus). The two governments officially merged on January 1, 2014.Macon is served by three interstate highways: I-16 (connecting the city to Savannah and coastal Georgia), I-75 (connecting the city with Atlanta to the north and Valdosta to the south), and I-475 (a city bypass highway).\nThe city has several institutions of higher education, as well as numerous museums and tourism sites. The area is served by the Middle Georgia Regional Airport and the Herbert Smart Downtown Airport. The mayor of Macon is Robert Reichert, a former Democratic member of the Georgia House of Representatives. Reichert was elected mayor of the newly consolidated city of Macon\u2013Bibb, and he took office on January 1, 2014.", "Q208983": "The Pretty Miller Girl (French: La Belle Meuni\u00e8re) is a 1949 French musical film directed by Marcel Pagnol and starring Tino Rossi, Jacqueline Pagnol and Raoul Marco. It is part of the tradition of operetta films. The title is a reference to Schubert's song cycle Die sch\u00f6ne M\u00fcllerin.", "Q57209": "Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria (13 November 1801 \u2013 14 December 1873) was a Princess of Bavaria and later Queen consort of Prussia.", "Q175046": "Zolt\u00e1n Bag\u00f3 (born 10 January 1975 in Kalocsa) is a Hungarian politician who was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) with the Hungarian Civic Party, part of the European People's Party.\nHe is a graduate of the University of Szeged, apprenticeship and internships in the offices of the national administration, and among other the U.S. Department of State. He worked in local government and municipal organizations. In the mid-90s he joined Fidesz in 2004 became the head of the party structures in his hometown of.\nIn the 2009 elections unsuccessfully ran for parliamentary seat. However he became MEP a year later, replacing Enik\u0151 Gy\u0151ri.", "Q12755": "The Republic and Canton of the Jura (French: R\u00e9publique et canton du Jura), also known as the canton of Jura or canton Jura ( JOOR-\u0259, ZHOOR-\u0259, French: [\u0292y\u0281a] (listen)), is the newest (founded in 1979) of the 26 Swiss cantons, located in the northwestern part of Switzerland. The capital is Del\u00e9mont. It shares borders with the canton of Basel-Landschaft, the canton of Bern, the canton of Neuchatel, the canton of Solothurn, and the French r\u00e9gions of Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9 and Grand Est.", "Q1285108": "Gerald Wayne Clough (born September 24, 1941) is President Emeritus of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) and former Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. A graduate of Georgia Tech in civil engineering, he was the first alumnus to serve as President of the Institute.\nClough was president of Georgia Tech from 1994 to 2008, when he oversaw dramatic changes in the institute, including $1 billion in new construction, increased retention and graduation rates, a higher nationwide ranking and a much larger student body. His administration championed programs which encouraged undergraduate research, offered international experiences, and made college more affordable for low-income students.\nThe Clough Undergraduate Learning Commons, which officially opened its doors in August 2011, is named in his honor. Clough has garnered many other awards and honors, including the title of President Emeritus, two Norman Medals, eight honorary degrees, and membership in the National Science Board.", "Q1345338": "Tyler Bates (born June 5, 1965) is an American musician, producer, and composer for film, television, and video game scores. Much of his work is in the action and horror film genres, with films like Dawn of the Dead, 300, Sucker Punch, and the John Wick franchise. He has collaborated with directors like Zack Snyder, Rob Zombie, Neil Marshall, William Friedkin, Scott Derrickson, James Gunn, Chad Stahelski and David Leitch. In addition, he is also the former lead guitarist of the American rock band Marilyn Manson, and produced its albums The Pale Emperor and Heaven Upside Down.", "Q90024": "Ernst Ortlepp (August 1, 1800 - June 14, 1864) was a German poet.\nOrtlepp was born in Droy\u00dfig near Zeitz as the son of a Lutheran priest. He went to school in Pforta until he was 19 years old and then studied theology and philosophy in Leipzig. He left the university in 1824 without taking a degree.\nOrtlepp returned to Leipzig during the thirties of the 19th century and became famous for his political poems. Some of them were dedicated to Poland and its struggle for independence. Around this time he became an acquaintance of the young Richard Wagner (Ortlepp also met Johann Wolfgang von Goethe a few years before). His critical statements in Fieschi alarmed the Austrian statesman Metternich, who used his power to forbid the further publishment of this poem. Ortlepp finally became Leipzig's persona non grata in 1836.\nHe went to W\u00fcrttemberg, where he lived since 1837. In this period he made a living by translating the works of other poets like Lord Byron. Ortlepp tried to create a national poem, which he called Germania, during the Revolution of 1848. His financial situation worsened and he was thrown out of W\u00fcrttemberg in 1853. He then returned to his homeland.\nOrtlepp's life became even more unstable, after his failed attempt to become a college-teacher in 1856. He got into some trouble, probably caused by alcoholism, and was imprisoned twice at Zeitz. That didn't terminate his poetical career as he was still published in a newspaper of Naumburg. He also wrote verses for private customers.\nDuring the last years of his life, he spent a lot of time at his old school, where several teachers and students became his friends. Among them was Friedrich Nietzsche. Some biographers believe that Ortlepp was Nietzsche's mentor and deeply influenced him.\nErnst Ortlepp died near Pforta on June 14, 1864. The circumstances of his death remained mysterious. Nietzsche wrote the following words in a letter: Der alte Ortlepp ist \u00fcbrigens todt. Zwischen Pforta und Almrich fiel er in einen Graben und brach den Nacken. In Pforta wurde er fr\u00fch morgends bei d\u00fcsterem Regen begraben; vier Arbeiter trugen den rohen Sarg; Prof. Keil folgte mit einem Regenschirm. Kein Geistlicher. Wir sprachen ihn am Todestag in Almrich. Er sagte, er gienge sich ein Logis im Saalthale zu miethen. Wir wollen ihm einen kleinen Denkstein setzen; wir haben gesammelt; wir haben an 40 Thl.\n(Translation: Old Ortlepp is dead, by the way. Between Pforta and Almrich, he fell in a roadside ditch and broke his neck. They buried him at Pforta under dusky rain in the early morning; four workers carried the crude coffin; Professor Keil followed with an umbrella. There was no priest. We talked to him at Almrich on the day of his death. He said he was going to rent an accommodation in the Saale valley. We want to erect a small monument for him; we have collected money, about 40 Thaler.)", "Q379808": "Elias Koteas (Greek: \u0397\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2; born March 11, 1961) is a Canadian film and television actor.", "Q274486": "Waseda University (\u65e9\u7a32\u7530\u5927\u5b66, Waseda Daigaku), abbreviated as S\u014ddai (\u65e9\u5927), is a Japanese private research university in Shinjuku, Tokyo. Founded in 1882 as the T\u014dky\u014d Senmon Gakk\u014d by \u014ckuma Shigenobu, the school was formally renamed Waseda University in 1902.Waseda is organized into thirty-six departments: thirteen undergraduate schools and twenty-three graduate schools. As of May 2016, there were 42,860 undergraduate students and 8,269 graduate students. In addition to a central campus in Shinjuku, the university operates campuses in Ch\u016b\u014d, Nishit\u014dky\u014d, Tokorozawa, Honj\u014d, and Kitaky\u016bsh\u016b. Waseda also operates twenty-one research institutes at its main Shinjuku campus. The Waseda University Library is collectively one of the largest libraries in Japan and currently hold some 4.5 million volumes and 46,000 serials.\nWaseda consistently ranks among the most academically selective and prestigious universities in Japanese university rankings. It is often ranked alongside Keio University, its rival, as the best private university in Japan. In 2015\u20132016, Waseda ranked 212th in the QS World University Rankings. Waseda is among the top type of the select Japanese universities assigned additional funding under the MEXT's Top Global University Project to enhance Japan's global educational competitiveness.Waseda has graduated many notable alumni, including seven Prime Ministers of Japan, numerous important figures of Japanese literature, including Haruki Murakami, and many CEOs, including Tadashi Yanai, the CEO of UNIQLO, Nobuyuki Idei, the former CEO of Sony, Takeo Fukui, the former President and CEO of Honda, Norio Sasaki, the former CEO of Toshiba, Lee Kun-hee, the Chairman of Samsung Group, Mikio Sasaki, the former Chairman of Mitsubishi, and Hiroshi Yamauchi and Shuntaro Furukawa, former and current Presidents of Nintendo respectively.", "Q670417": "Robert Emerson Clampett (May 8, 1913 \u2013 May 2, 1984) was an American animator, producer, director, and puppeteer best known for his work on the Looney Tunes animated series from Warner Bros., and the television shows Time for Beany and Beany and Cecil. Clampett was born and raised not far from Hollywood, and early on expressed an interest in animation and puppetry. After leaving high school a few months shy of graduating in 1931, Clampett joined the team at Harman-Ising Productions and began working on the studio's newest short subjects, titled Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies.\nClampett was promoted to a directorial position in 1937 and during his fifteen years at the studio, directed 84 cartoons later deemed classic and designed some of the studio's most famous characters, including Porky Pig, Daffy Duck, and Tweety. Among Clampett's most acclaimed films are Porky in Wackyland (1938) and The Great Piggy Bank Robbery (1946). Clampett left Warner Bros. Cartoons in 1946 and turned his attention to television, creating the puppet show Time for Beany in 1949. A later animated version of the series, titled Beany and Cecil, was initially broadcast on ABC in 1962 and was rerun until 1967. The series is considered the first fully creator-driven television series, and carried the byline \"a Bob Clampett Cartoon\".\nIn his later years, Clampett toured college campuses and animation festivals as a lecturer on the history of animation. His Warner cartoons have seen renewed praise in decades since for their surrealistic qualities, energetic and outrageous animation, and irreverent humor. Animation historian Jerry Beck lauded Clampett for \"putting the word 'looney' in Looney Tunes.\"", "Q573818": "Alan Anthony Price (16 August 1928 \u2013 30 May 2019) was an author of espionage thrillers. Price was born in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, England. He attended The King's School, Canterbury and served in the British Army from 1947 to 1949, reaching the rank of Captain. He read History at Merton College, Oxford from 1949 to 1952, and was awarded an MA in 1956. Price was a journalist with the Westminster Press from 1952 to 1988, as well as the editor of the Oxford Times from 1972 to 1988. He was the author of nineteen novels in the Dr David Audley/Colonel Jack Butler series. These books focus on a group of counter-intelligence agents who work for an organization loosely based on the real MI5.\nPrice died in Blackheath, London from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on 30 May 2019, at the age of 90.", "Q139258": "The Lives of a Bengal Lancer is a 1935 American epic-adventure-drama film that used the title of the 1930 autobiography of the British former soldier, Francis Yeats-Brown. The film is a Paramount picture. Henry Hathaway directed, and the writers, who created a story that had nothing in common with Yeats-Brown's book other than the setting, included Grover Jones, William Slavens McNutt, Waldemar Young, John L. Balderston and Achmed Abdullah.\nThe plot is the story of a group of British cavalrymen and high-ranking officers desperately trying to defend their stronghold and headquarters at Bengal against the rebellious natives during the days of the British Raj. It stars Gary Cooper as Lieutenant Alan McGregor, Franchot Tone as Lieutenant John Forsythe, Richard Cromwell as Lieutenant Donald Stone, Guy Standing as Colonel Tom Stone and Douglass Dumbrille as the rebel leader Mohammed Khan, who utters the frequently misquoted line \"We have ways to make men talk.\"Production and planning of the film began in 1931 and Paramount expected the film to be released that same year. However, due to a film stock crisis in which most of the location footage deteriorated due to the high temperatures, the project was delayed for four years. The motion picture was released in American cinemas in January 1935.\nThe film's release was met with positive reviews and good box office results. It was nominated for seven Academy Awards, winning Assistant Director, with other nominations including Best Original Screenplay and Best Picture. The film grossed $1.5 million (equivalent to $28 million in 2020) at the box office. Historian John Reid has described the film as \"one of the greatest adventure films of all time.\"", "Q222818": "Eartha Kitt (born Eartha Mae Keith; January 17, 1927 \u2013 December 25, 2008) was an American singer, actress, dancer, comedian, activist, author, and songwriter known for her highly distinctive singing style and her 1953 recordings of \"C'est si bon\" and the Christmas novelty song \"Santa Baby\", both of which reached the top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. Orson Welles once called her the \"most exciting woman in the world\".Kitt began her career in 1942 and appeared in the 1945 original Broadway theatre production of the musical Carib Song. In the early 1950s, she had six US Top 30 hits, including \"Uska Dara\" and \"I Want to Be Evil\". Her other notable recordings include the UK Top 10 hit \"Under the Bridges of Paris\" (1954), \"Just an Old Fashioned Girl\" (1956) and \"Where Is My Man\" (1983). She starred in 1967 as Catwoman, in the third and final season of the television series Batman.\nIn 1968, her career in the U.S. deteriorated after she made anti-Vietnam War statements at a White House luncheon. Ten years later, she made a successful return to Broadway in the 1978 original production of the musical Timbuktu!, for which she received the first of her two Tony Award nominations. Her second was for the 2000 original production of the musical The Wild Party. Kitt wrote three autobiographies.Kitt found a new generation of fans through her roles in the Disney films The Emperor's New Groove (2000), in which she voiced the villainous Yzma, and Holes (2003). She reprised the role as Yzma in the direct-to-video sequel Kronk's New Groove (2005), as well as the animated series The Emperor's New School (2006\u20132008). Her work on the latter earned her two Daytime Emmy Awards. She posthumously won a third Emmy in 2010 for her guest performance on Wonder Pets!.", "Q9246": "Mongolian is the official language of Mongolia and both the most widely spoken and best-known member of the Mongolic language family. The number of speakers across all its dialects may be 5.2 million, including the vast majority of the residents of Mongolia and many of the ethnic Mongol residents of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. In Mongolia, the Khalkha dialect, currently written in Cyrillic (and at times in Latin for social networking), is predominant, while in Inner Mongolia, the language is dialectally more diverse and is written in the traditional Mongolian script.\nIn the discussion of grammar to follow, the variety of Mongolian treated is Standard Khalkha Mongolian (i.e., the standard written language as formalized in the writing conventions and in grammar as taught in schools), but much of what is to be said is also valid for vernacular (spoken) Khalkha and for other Mongolian dialects, especially Chakhar.\nSome classify several other Mongolic languages like Buryat and Oirat as dialects of Mongolian, but this classification is not in line with the current international standard.\nMongolian has vowel harmony and a complex syllabic structure for a Mongolic language that allows clusters of up to three consonants syllable-finally. It is a typical agglutinative language that relies on suffix chains in the verbal and nominal domains. While there is a basic word order, subject\u2013object\u2013predicate, ordering among noun phrases is relatively free, so grammatical roles are indicated by a system of about eight grammatical cases. There are five voices. Verbs are marked for voice, aspect, tense, and epistemic modality/evidentiality. In sentence linking, a special role is played by converbs.\nModern Mongolian evolved from Middle Mongol, the language spoken in the Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries. In the transition, a major shift in the vowel-harmony paradigm occurred, long vowels developed, the case system changed slightly, and the verbal system was restructured. Mongolian is related to the extinct Khitan language. It was believed that Mongolian is related to Turkic, Tungusic, Korean and Japonic languages but this view is now seen as obsolete by a majority of (but not all) comparative linguists. These languages have been grouped under the Altaic language family and contrasted with the Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area. However, instead of a common genetic origin, Clauson, Doerfer, and Shcherbak proposed that Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic languages form a Sprachbund, rather than common origin. Mongolian literature is well attested in written form from the 13th century but has earlier Mongolic precursors in the literature of the Khitan and other Xianbei peoples. The Bugut inscription dated to 584 CE and the Inscription of H\u00fcis Tolgoi dated to 604-620 CE appear to be the oldest substantial Mongolic or Para-Mongolic texts discovered.", "Q3132765": "Henry Edwards Huntington (February 27, 1850 \u2013 May 23, 1927) was an American railroad magnate and collector of art and rare books. Huntington settled in Los Angeles, where he owned the Pacific Electric Railway as well as substantial real estate interests. In addition to being a businessman and art collector, Huntington was a major booster for Los Angeles in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the city of San Marino, California, many places are named after him, including a school, a road and a library.\n\n", "Q3454165": "Kevin Norwood Bacon (born July 8, 1958) is an American actor and musician. His films include musical-drama film Footloose (1984), the controversial historical conspiracy legal thriller JFK (1991), the legal drama A Few Good Men (1992), the historical docudrama Apollo 13 (1995), and the mystery drama Mystic River (2003). Bacon is also known for taking on darker roles such as that of a sadistic guard in Sleepers (1996) and troubled former child abuser in The Woodsman (2004). He is also known for the hit comedies National Lampoon's Animal House (1978), Diner (1982), Tremors (1990) and Crazy, Stupid, Love (2011). His other well known films are Friday the 13th (1980), Flatliners (1990), The River Wild (1994), Wild Things (1998), Stir of Echoes (1999), Hollow Man (2000), Frost/Nixon (2008), X-Men: First Class (2011), Black Mass (2015) and Patriots Day (2016). He is equally prolific on television, having starred in the Fox drama series The Following (2013\u20132015). For the HBO original film Taking Chance (2009), Bacon won a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award, also receiving a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. More recently Bacon portrayed the title character and was the series lead of the Amazon Prime web television series I Love Dick for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award.\nThe Guardian named him one of the best actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination. In 2003, Bacon received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion pictures industry.Bacon has become associated with the concept of interconnectedness (as in social networks), having been popularized by the game \"Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon\". In 2007, he created SixDegrees.org, a charitable foundation.\n\n", "Q587741": "Jule Styne (; born Julius Kerwin Stein, December 31, 1905 \u2013 September 20, 1994) was a British-American song writer and composer known for a series of Broadway musicals, which include several famous and frequently revived shows which also became successful films, including Gypsy, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, and Funny Girl.", "Q553276": "Stephen Valentine Patrick William Allen (December 26, 1921 \u2013 October 30, 2000) was an American television personality, radio personality, musician, composer, actor, comedian, writer, and advocate of scientific skepticism. In 1954, he achieved national fame as the co-creator and first host of The Tonight Show, which was the first late night television talk show.\nThough he got his start in radio, Allen is best known for his extensive network television career. He gained national attention as a guest host on Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts. After he hosted The Tonight Show, he went on to host numerous game and variety shows, including his own The Steve Allen Show, I've Got a Secret, and The New Steve Allen Show. He was a regular panel member on CBS's What's My Line?, and from 1977 until 1981 wrote, produced, and hosted the award-winning public broadcasting show Meeting of Minds, a series of historical dramas presented in a talk format.\nAllen was a pianist and a prolific composer. By his own estimate, he wrote more than 8,500 songs, some of which were recorded by numerous leading singers. Working as a lyricist, Allen won the 1964 Grammy Award for Best Original Jazz Composition. He also wrote more than 50 books, including novels, children's books, and books of opinions, including his final book, Vulgarians at the Gate: Trash TV and Raunch Radio (2001).\nIn 1996 Allen was presented with the Martin Gardner Lifetime Achievement Award from the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSICOP). He has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and a Hollywood theater named in his honor.\n\n", "Q15984": "Leer is a town in the district of Leer, the northwestern part of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Leda, a tributary of the river Ems, near the border with the Netherlands.\nIt has a railway and autobahn connection to Groningen, Netherlands, Emden, Bremen and the South (Rheine and the Ruhrpott industrial region).", "Q1531184": "Glenview is an incorporated village located in Cook County, Illinois, United States, approximately 15 miles northwest of the Chicago Loop. As of the 2010 United States Census, the village population was 44,692. The current population is estimated to be approximately 47,659. The current village President is Jim Patterson.", "Q54066": "Westchester County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. It is the second-most populous county on the mainland of New York, after the Bronx, and the most populous county in the state north of New York City. According to the 2010 Census, the county had a population of 949,113, estimated to have increased to 967,506 by 2019. Situated in the Hudson Valley, Westchester covers an area of 450 square miles (1,200 km2), consisting of six cities, 19 towns, and 23 villages. Established in 1683, Westchester was named after the city of Chester, England. The county seat is the city of White Plains, while the most populous municipality in the county is the city of Yonkers, with an estimated 199,663 residents in 2018.\nThe annual per capita income for Westchester was $67,813 in 2011. The 2011 median household income of $77,006 was the fifth highest in New York (after Nassau, Putnam, Suffolk, and Rockland counties) and the 47th highest in the United States. By 2014, the county's median household income had risen to $83,422. Westchester County ranks second in the state after New York County for median income per person, with a higher concentration of incomes in smaller households. Simultaneously, Westchester County had the highest property taxes of any county in the United States in 2013.Westchester County is one of the centrally located counties within the New York metropolitan area. The county is positioned with New York City, plus Nassau and Suffolk counties (on Long Island, across Long Island Sound), to its south; Putnam County to its north; Fairfield County, Connecticut to its east; and Rockland County and Bergen County, New Jersey across the Hudson River to the west. Westchester was the first suburban area of its scale in the world to develop, due mostly to the upper-middle-class development of entire communities in the late 19th century and the subsequent rapid population growth. Because of Westchester's numerous road and mass transit connections to New York City, as well as its shared border with the Bronx, the 20th and 21st centuries have seen much of the county, particularly the southern portion, become nearly as densely developed as New York City itself.", "Q1405553": "Pierre Falcon (sometimes referred to as Pierriche, meaning 'Pierre the rhymer') (4 June 1793 \u2013 21 October 1876) was a M\u00e9tis fur trader and pioneer living in what is today known as Manitoba. He was also a well known composer and singer.\nFalcon Lake located in the Whiteshell Provincial Park in south-eastern Manitoba was named after Pierre Falcon.", "Q3098954": "Gaston Clermont (5 December 1913 \u2013 12 January 2005) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada and a Canadian businessman.Clermont was born in Chomedey, Quebec. He is the son of Romain Clermont and Dina Hotte. Clermont was educated in Montreal and entered business at Thurso. In 1946, he married Marie-Blanche Boulerice.He was first elected at the Labelle riding in a 31 October 1960 by-election and served for the latter portion of the 24th Canadian Parliament. He remained a Member of Parliament there until 1968, except for a one-term defeat in the 1963 federal election by the Social Credit party's G\u00e9rard Girouard.For the 1968 federal election, Clermont switched to the Gatineau riding and was elected there for three terms. He left national office after completing his term in 1979 with the 30th Parliament.", "Q270186": "Tia Texada (born December 14, 1971) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Sgt. Maritza Cruz on the NBC series Third Watch, and her recurring role as an undercover agent Ribera on The Unit for CBS. Other roles include, In Plain Sight, Saving Grace, Chuck for NBC, HBO's Mind of the Married Man, Everybody Hates Chris, The Amazing Spider-Man feature film, Batman Beyond, Static Shock, Firebreather, and Handy Manny. She was the voice of Maybelline New York for 15 years, the number-one selling cosmetic brand in the world, and during her campaign of \"Maybe Shes Born With it... Maybe It's Maybelline...\", it was named Brand of the Year and Launch of the Year for Lash Sensational. She was first female live announcer for the Espy Awards, where she worked alongside Justin Timberlake, Jamie Foxx, LeBron James, and Samuel L. Jackson for seven years. She was the voice of the winning Golden Trailer award for RoboCop feature film. Tia was the voice for launching Super Bowl 50 for The NFL Today on CBS, Flesh and Bone for Starz, Lindt Gold Bunny, Zales, Unstoppable Collection, JC Penney World Cup Soccer IS for Girls, World Series of Poker Lady Luck for ESPN, and Skittles 'Taste the Rainbow'. Tia was born with severe strabismus and after surgery to correct this and wearing an eye patch, she took an acting class to help with her shyness, which led to her career as an actress.", "Q154936": "Arnulf of Carinthia (c. 850 \u2013 December 8, 899) was the duke of Carinthia who overthrew his uncle, Emperor Charles the Fat, became the Carolingian king of East Francia from 887, the disputed King of Italy from 894 and the disputed Holy Roman Emperor from February 22, 896 until his death at Regensburg, Bavaria.", "Q508514": "Te\u00f3filo Stevenson Lawrence (29 March 1952 \u2013 11 June 2012) was a Cuban amateur boxer, who competed from 1966 to 1986. He won the Val Barker Trophy (1972) and was honoured with the Olympic Order (1987). Stevenson is one of only three boxers to win three Olympic gold medals, alongside Hungarian L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Papp and fellow Cuban F\u00e9lix Sav\u00f3n. He might have become a five-time Olympic champion had the Cuban authorities allowed the Cuban boxing team to participate in the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics, which they boycotted.>\n\n", "Q36185": "Bill Tarmey (born William Piddington; formerly William Cleworth-Piddington; 4 April 1941 \u2013 9 November 2012) was an English actor, singer and author, best known for playing Jack Duckworth in the soap opera Coronation Street. First appearing in the role in November 1979, he played it continually from 1983 to 2010.\n\n", "Q85429": "Wilhelm Michael Anton Creizenach (4 June 1851 \u2013 13 May 1919) was a German historian and librarian.\nHe was the son of Theodore (1818\u20131877), poet, Hebraist, a prominent expert on work of Goethe, and Luise Flerscheim.\nHe was educated at the gymnasium in Frankfurt, then studied history and Germanic Philology at the University of G\u00f6ttingen (1870\u20131872), neofilologi\u0119 at the University of Leipzig (1872\u20131874), Indo-European comparative syntax and Sanskrit at the University of Jena (1875\u20131876). In 1873 he received his doctorate in Leipzig (for work on Judas Iscariot in Sage und Legende des Mittelalters). During his studies at Jena while working in the university library in the \nyears 1876\u20131878 was an assistant in the library of the University of Wroclaw. In 1879 after the presentation of work titled zur Entstehungsgeschichte des deutschen neueren Lustspiels, was an assistant professor in the Department of General History of Literature at the University of Leipzig, he taught modern literature, for a time worked as an assistant at the National Library in Paris.\nIn 1883 became professor of the Jagiellonian University, he headed the Department Germanistyki, he was director of Germanistycznego Seminary, from 1886 professor in the academic year 1901/1902 Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy. He created the strongest center in Poland on New Philology. Contributed to the creation of the Department of Romance Philology at the Jagiellonian University (1890) and founded the seminary library Germanistycznego. He lectured in the history of German literature from the Middle Ages to the Romantic, the history of the German language and art of Shakespeare. He was a member of the Examination Committee for candidates for secondary school teachers. He finished his career in Krak\u00f3w in 1913, died in Dresden in poverty and solitude.", "Q435681": "Benjamin Scott Folds (born September 12, 1966) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, composer and record producer. From 1993 to 2000, Folds was the frontman and pianist of the alternative rock band Ben Folds Five. Since the band disbanded, Folds has recorded several albums and performed live as a solo artist, with the exception of a brief Ben Folds Five reunion in 2011 in which they recorded the album The Sound of the Life of the Mind. He has also collaborated with musicians such as William Shatner, Regina Spektor, \"Weird Al\" Yankovic, and yMusic and undertaken experimental songwriting projects with authors such as Nick Hornby and Neil Gaiman. He has frequently performed arrangements of his music with uncommon instrumentation, including symphony orchestras and a capella groups. In addition to contributing music to the soundtracks of the animated films Over the Hedge, and Hoodwinked!, Folds has produced several albums, including Amanda Palmer's first solo album.\nFolds was a judge on the NBC a cappella singing contest The Sing-Off from 2009 to 2013. Since May 2017, he has been serving as the first artistic advisor to the National Symphony Orchestra at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. In July 2019, Folds published his first book, a memoir, titled A Dream About Lightning Bugs: A Life of Music and Cheap Lessons.", "Q547203": "Steve Jackson (born c. 1953) is an American game designer. His notable creations include the role-playing game GURPS and the card game Munchkin.", "Q292103": "Vicki Ann Lawrence (n\u00e9e Axelrad; born March 26, 1949), sometimes credited as Vicki Lawrence Schultz, is an American actress, comedian, and pop music singer known for the many characters she originated on CBS's The Carol Burnett Show, where she appeared from 1967\u201378, for the entire series run. One such character was \"The Family\" matriarch Thelma Harper/Mama, the cold, unaffectionate mother of the neurotic, misfortunate, Eunice (Burnett) although Lawrence is 16 years younger than Burnett. Thelma Harper was the central character of the television situation comedy series Mama's Family on NBC and, later, in first-run syndication. She also starred in the Fox sitcom series The Cool Kids.\nIn 1973, she became a one-hit wonder on the U.S. chart with \"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia\". It reached number one on both the United States and Canada charts. Lawrence has multiple Emmy Award nominations, winning one in 1976.She is also a multiple Golden Globe nominee, all for The Carol Burnett Show. Lawrence has made numerous post-Mama's Family guest TV show appearances in her famed Thelma Harper/Mama role.\nOn February 5, 2013, Lawrence appeared as the character in a special sketch for Betty White's 2nd Annual 90th Birthday. In addition, she regularly hosts an untelevised stage show, titled Vicki Lawrence & Mama: A Two-Woman Show.", "Q1908415": "Nakedi Mathews Phosa (born 1 September 1952 in Bushbuckridge (Mpumalanga Province)) is a South African attorney and politician and was also an anti-apartheid activist. He is a former premier of Mpumalanga as well as a member of the National Executive Committee of the African National Congress (ANC). Phosa ran for President of the ANC in 2017 lost to Cyril Ramaphosa.", "Q526602": "Praden (Romansh: Prada) is a village in the municipality of Tschiertschen-Praden in the district of Plessur in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland.\nThe formerly independent municipality merged with Tschiertschen to form Tschiertschen-Praden on January 1, 2009.", "Q38143": "The File of the Golden Goose is a 1969 British thriller film directed by Sam Wanamaker and starring Yul Brynner, Charles Gray and Edward Woodward. Its plot involves an American detective being sent to Britain to track down a major international criminal.It is a reworking of the 1947 film T-Men, directed by Anthony Mann.", "Q2646169": "Alfred Winslow Jones (9 September 1900 \u2013 2 June 1989) was an Australian investor, hedge fund manager, and sociologist. He is credited with forming the first modern hedge fund and is widely regarded as the \"father of the hedge fund industry.\"", "Q258839": "Alaina Kalanj (born April 17, 1980) is a Canadian film and television actress of Croatian descent. She is also known professionally as Alaina Huffman best known for the Canadian television series Painkiller Jane, where she played the character Maureen Bowers. She also played Dinah Lance/Black Canary on the American television series Smallville, as well as 1st Lt. Tamara Johansen in Stargate Universe, where she was a regular cast member. She also played the demon Abaddon in the American dark fantasy television series Supernatural.", "Q143279": "\u00c9lie Hal\u00e9vy (\u1e24alfan/Chalfan), or \u00c9lie Halfon-Hal\u00e9vy (F\u00fcrth 1760 \u2013 Paris 5 November 1826), was a French Hebrew poet and author. He is the father of Fromental and L\u00e9on Hal\u00e9vy.", "Q3958": "Neubrandenburg (lit. New Brandenburg, IPA: [n\u0254\u028f\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0281k]) is a city in the southeast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is located on the shore of a lake called Tollensesee and forms the urban centre of the Mecklenburg Lakeland.\nThe city is famous for its rich medieval heritage of Brick Gothic, especially the world's best preserved defensive wall of this style, and the Concert Church (Saint Mary), home venue of the Neubrandenburg Philharmonic. Neubrandenburg is nicknamed for its four medieval city gates - \"Stadt der Vier Tore\" (\"City of Four Gates\"). It is part of the European Route of Brick Gothic, a route which leads through seven countries along the Baltic Sea coast.\nSince 2011, Neubrandenburg is the capital of the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district. It is the third-largest city and one of the main urban centres of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The city is an economical node of northeastern Germany, featuring one of the highest national ranks in employment density and GDP per capita. The closest greater urban areas are the regiopolis of Rostock and the metropolises of Szczecin, Berlin and Hamburg. Since 1991, Neubrandenburg hosts a University of Applied Sciences that also offers international exchanges, guest programs and studies.", "Q5142859": "The National College (Spanish: Colegio Nacional) is a Mexican honorary academy with a strictly limited membership created by presidential decree in 1943 in order to bring together the country's foremost artists and scientists, who are periodically invited to deliver lectures and seminars in their respective area of speciality. Membership is generally a lifelong commitment, although it could be forfeited under certain conditions. It should not be confused with El Colegio de M\u00e9xico, a public institution of higher education and research.", "Q858741": "Lester J. Kinsey Jr., (March 18, 1927 \u2013 April 3, 2001) known as Big Daddy Kinsey, was an American Chicago blues singer, guitarist and harmonica player.", "Q180232": "Thomas Manson Norwood (April 26, 1830 \u2013 June 19, 1913) was a United States Senator and Representative from Georgia. Born in Talbot County, Georgia, he pursued an academic course, and graduated from Emory College in 1850. He studied law under Georgia governor James Milton Smith, and was admitted to the bar in 1852, commencing practice in Savannah. He was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1861 to 1862 and was a presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1868. He was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate and served from November 14, 1871, to March 3, 1877. He was a staunch critic of the Civil Rights Act of 1875. He resumed the practice of law in Savannah, and was elected as a Representative to the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth U.S. Congresses, serving from March 4, 1885, to March 3, 1889. He again resumed the practice of law, and was appointed judge of the city court of Savannah in 1896, serving twelve years. He returned to his country home, Harroch Hall, near Savannah, and died there in June 1913. Interment was in Laurel Grove Cemetery, Savannah. His posthumously published book A True Vindication of the South argued that the South had been justified in its fight against the North.\n\n", "Q375767": "Mitchell James Richmond (born June 30, 1965) is an American retired professional basketball player. He played collegiately at Moberly Area Community College and Kansas State University. He was a six-time NBA All-Star, a five-time All-NBA Team member, and a former NBA Rookie of the Year. In 976 NBA games, Richmond averaged 21.0 points per game and 3.5 assists per game. Richmond was voted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2014. His nicknames include \"The Rock\". His jersey No. 2 was retired in his honor by the Sacramento Kings, for whom he played seven seasons.", "Q84904": "Heinrich Albert Schnee (Albert Hermann Heinrich Schnee; 4 February 1871 \u2013 23 June 1949) was a German lawyer, colonial civil servant, politician, writer, and association official. He served as the last Governor of German East Africa.", "Q57584": "Curd Gustav Andreas Gottlieb Franz J\u00fcrgens (13 December 1915 \u2013 18 June 1982) was a German-Austrian stage and film actor. He was usually billed in English-speaking films as Curt Jurgens.", "Q1791375": "Jos\u00e9 Pl\u00e1cido de Castro (9 September 1873 \u2013 11 August 1908) was a Brazilian soldier, surveyor, rubber producer and politician who led the armed revolt during the Acre War of 1902\u201303, when the Republic of Acre broke away from Bolivia. He was the president of the state of Acre just before and after it was purchased by Brazil. After the war he became extremely wealthy as a rubber producer, and made many enemies. He was assassinated in 1908. He is considered a hero of Brazil.", "Q236138": "\u00c9lodie Bouchez-Bangalter (born 5 April 1973) is a French actress. She is known for her role as Ren\u00e9e Rienne on the fifth and final season of the television show Alias and for playing Ma\u00eft\u00e9 Alvarez in the film Wild Reeds.", "Q66981": "Stefan Aust (born 1 July 1946) is a German journalist. He was the editor-in-chief of the weekly news magazine Der Spiegel from 1994 to February 2008 and has been the publisher of the conservative leading Die Welt newspaper since 2014 and the paper's editor until December 2016.", "Q434574": "Isa Barzizza (born 22 November 1929) is an Italian stage, film and television actress. She has appeared in 46 films since 1947.", "Q516919": "Alfredo De La F\u00e9 (born February 6, 1954, in Havana, Cuba, as Alfredo Manuel De La F\u00e9) is a Cuban-born and New York-based violinist who lived in Colombia for more than 16 years and is responsible for transforming the violin into an important sound of Salsa and Latin music. The first solo violinist to perform with a Salsa orchestra, De La F\u00e9 has toured the world more than thirty times, appearing in concert and participating in more than one hundred albums by such top-ranked Latin artists as Eddie Palmieri, Tito Puente, Celia Cruz, Jos\u00e9 Alberto \"El Canario\", Cheo Feliciano, The Fania All-Stars, Santana and Larry Harlow. His second solo album, Alfredo, released in 1979, received a Grammy nomination as \"Best Latin album\".\nA child prodigy, Alfredo's father who was a singer (a tenor of opera) in Havana, Cuba and sang on Cuban radio with Bienvenido Le\u00f3n and Celia Cruz in the 1940s recognized his son's skills and encouraged his musical talent.", "Q229018": "Jewel Kilcher (born May 23, 1974) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, producer, actress, author, and poet. She has received four Grammy Award nominations and, as of 2015, has sold over 30 million albums worldwide.Jewel was raised in Homer, Alaska, where she grew up singing and yodeling as a duo with her father, a local musician. At age fifteen, she received a partial scholarship at the Interlochen Arts Academy in Michigan, where she studied operatic voice. After graduating, she began writing and performing at clubs and coffeehouses in San Diego, California. Based on local media attention, she was offered a recording contract with Atlantic Records, who released her debut album, Pieces of You, in 1995; it went on to become one of the best-selling debut albums of all time, going 12-times platinum. The debut single from the album, \"Who Will Save Your Soul\", peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100; two others, \"You Were Meant for Me\" and \"Foolish Games\", reached number two on the Hot 100, and were listed on Billboard's 1997 year-end singles chart, as well as Billboard's 1998 year-end singles chart.\nHer subsequent album, Spirit, was released in 1998, followed by This Way (2001). In 2003, she released 0304, which marked a departure from her previous folk-oriented records, featuring electronic arrangements and elements of dance-pop. In 2008, she released Perfectly Clear, her first country album; it debuted atop Billboard's Top Country Albums chart and featured three singles, \"Stronger Woman\", \"I Do\", and \"'Til It Feels Like Cheating\". Jewel released her first independent album, Lullaby, in 2009.\nJewel has also had endeavors in writing and acting; in 1998 she released a collection of poetry, and the following year appeared in a supporting role in Ang Lee's Western film Ride with the Devil (1999) which earned her critical acclaim.\n\n", "Q6935055": "Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of two or more races. The term may also include Americans of mixed race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially (cf. the one-drop rule). In the 2010 US census, approximately 9 million individuals, or 2.9% of the population, self-identified as multiracial. There is evidence that an accounting by genetic ancestry would produce a higher number. Historical reasons, including slavery creating a racial caste and the European-American suppression of Native Americans, often led people to identify or be classified by only one ethnicity, generally that of the culture in which they were raised. Prior to the mid-20th century, many people hid their multiracial heritage because of racial discrimination against minorities. While many Americans may be considered multiracial, they often do not know it or do not identify so culturally, any more than they maintain all the differing traditions of a variety of national ancestries.After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country, more people are openly forming interracial unions. In addition, social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it is socially advantageous to try to \"pass\" as white. Diverse immigration has brought more mixed race people into the United States, such as a significant population of Hispanics identifying as mestizos. Since the 1980s, the United States has had a growing multiracial identity movement (cf. Loving Day). Because more Americans have insisted on being allowed to acknowledge their mixed racial origins, the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial. In 2008, Barack Obama was elected as the first biracial President of the United States; he acknowledges both sides of his family and identifies as African-American.Today, multiracial individuals are found in every corner of the country. Multiracial groups in the United States include many African Americans, Hispanic Americans, M\u00e9tis Americans, Louisiana Creoles, Hapas, Melungeons, and several other communities found primarily in the Eastern US. Many Native Americans are multiracial in ancestry while identifying fully as members of federally recognized tribes.", "Q231657": "Tori Black (born August 26, 1988) is an American pornographic actress. In 2011, she became the first person to win the Female Performer of the Year at the Adult Video News Awards two years in a row.", "Q68774": "Hermann Muhs (16 May 1894, Barlissen \u2013 13 April 1962, G\u00f6ttingen) was a Secretary of State and Minister for Church Affairs (Minister f\u00fcr Kirchenfragen) in Nazi Germany.", "Q1691407": "Joe Ely (born February 9, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist whose music touches on honky-tonk, Texas country, Tex-Mex and rock and roll.\nHe has had a genre-crossing career, performing with Bruce Springsteen, Uncle Tupelo, Los Super Seven, The Chieftains and James McMurtry in addition to his early work with The Clash and more recent acoustic tours with Lyle Lovett, John Hiatt, and Guy Clark.", "Q936932": "Faz\u0131l K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck (Turkish pronunciation: [fa\u02c8z\u026fl cy\u02c8t\u0283yc]; Greek: \u03a6\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03bb \u039a\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba; 14 March 1906 \u2013 15 January 1984) was a Turkish Cypriot politician who served as the first Vice President of the Republic of Cyprus.", "Q73432": "Karl Ernst Adolf von Hoff (1 November 1771 in Gotha \u2013 24 May 1837 in Gotha) was a German natural historian and geologist.\nAfter studying law, physics and natural history, in 1791 he was appointed to a diplomatic post by Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. From 1832 onwards he was the director of Gotha's royal science and art collections and he also wrote the five-volume Geschichte der durch \u00dcberlieferung nachgewiesenen nat\u00fcrlichen Ver\u00e4nderungen der Erdoberfl\u00e4che from 1822 to 1841.", "Q358193": "Stephen Lester Reeves (January 21, 1926 \u2013 May 1, 2000) was an American professional bodybuilder, actor, and philanthropist. He was famous in the mid-1950s as a movie star in Italian-made peplum films, playing the protagonist as muscular characters such as Hercules, Goliath, and Sandokan. At the peak of his career, he was the highest-paid actor in Europe.From 1959 through 1964, Reeves appeared in a string of sword and sandal movies shot on relatively small budgets and, although he is best known for his portrayal of Hercules, he played the character only twice: in the 1957 film (released in the US in 1959) and its 1959 sequel Hercules Unchained (released in the US in 1960). By 1960, Reeves was ranked as the number-one box-office draw in twenty-five countries around the world.\n\n", "Q130297": "Metroland is a 1997 British comedy-drama film directed by Philip Saville and starring Christian Bale and Emily Watson. Written by Adrian Hodges, based on the novel Metroland by Julian Barnes, the film is about a man whose tranquil and ordinary life is disrupted by the sudden reappearance of his best friend, which leads him to remember his rebellious youth in Paris, to question some of his life choices, and to re-evaluate his priorities and marriage. Mark Knopfler wrote the score and produced the Metroland soundtrack, which is supplemented by some additional tracks appropriate to the period depicted in the film.The executive producer Andrew Bendel and director Philip Saville needed three songs from the punk era to be included in the live band scenes played by a fictitious group called The Subverts. Danny de Matos and Del Bartle were asked to write the songs to be included in the film. These three particular songs featured in the film (although not included on the Polygram soundtrack) \"Amerikkka We Hate You\", \"Destroy the Hoi Polloi\" and \"You Destiny\" were also produced by Danny de Matos.\n\n", "Q11910476": "James Greene (born 19 May 1931 in Belfast, Northern Ireland) is an Irish actor who has appeared in numerous plays and series on United Kingdom television over a 40-year period. He has often played lawyers, clergymen, army officers and latterly judges.Greene was a continuity announcer on Ulster Television from 1959 until 1965.\nHis film and television appearances include:\n\nMapp & Lucia (1985-1986) as the Reverend Bartlett,\nChocky (1984)\nEmpire of the Sun (1987)\nThe Bill (1990-2008)\nJanice Beard 45 WPM (1999)\n The Prince and the Pauper (2000) as Archbishop Cranmer\nFrom Hell (2001)\nJohnny English (released 2003) as Scottish Bishop\nThe Sin Eater (2003)\nBrothers of the Head (2005)\nHolby City (2005-2013)\nRocknRolla (2008)\nSherlock Holmes (2009)\nLove/Loss (2010)\nAlbert Nobbs (2011)\nWhole Lotta Sole (2012)\nDoctor Who (2013)\nShetland (2013) as Andrew Haldane\nBig School (2013\u201314) as Head of Science, Mr. John Hubble\nBirds of a Feather (2014) as Stanley Barrington Court the Third - 1 episode\nDownton Abbey (2015) as Sir Mark Stiles - final episode.", "Q55393": "Jacques Tourneur (French: [tu\u0281n\u0153\u0281]; November 12, 1904 \u2013 December 19, 1977) was a French film director known for the classic film noir Out of the Past and a series of low-budget horror films he made for RKO Studios, including Cat People, I Walked with a Zombie, and The Leopard Man. He is also known for directing Night of the Demon, which was released by Columbia Pictures. While in Hollywood, he was usually addressed by his anglicized name \"Jack Turner\", a literal and phonetic translation of his name in English.", "Q319871": "Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856 \u2013 November 14, 1915) was an American educator, author, orator, and adviser to multiple presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African American community and of the contemporary black elite. Washington was from the last generation of black American leaders born into slavery and became the leading voice of the former slaves and their descendants. They were newly oppressed in the South by disenfranchisement and the Jim Crow discriminatory laws enacted in the post-Reconstruction Southern states in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.\nWashington was a key proponent of African-American businesses and one of the founders of the National Negro Business League. His base was the Tuskegee Institute, a historically black college in Tuskegee, Alabama. As lynchings in the South reached a peak in 1895, Washington gave a speech, known as the \"Atlanta compromise\", which brought him national fame. He called for black progress through education and entrepreneurship, rather than trying to challenge directly the Jim Crow segregation and the disenfranchisement of black voters in the South.\nWashington mobilized a nationwide coalition of middle-class blacks, church leaders, and white philanthropists and politicians, with a long-term goal of building the community's economic strength and pride by a focus on self-help and schooling. With his own contributions to the black community, Washington was a supporter of Racial uplift. But, secretly, he also supported court challenges to segregation and restrictions on voter registration.Black militants in the North, led by W. E. B. Du Bois, at first supported the Atlanta compromise, but later disagreed and opted to set up the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to work for political change. They tried with limited success to challenge Washington's political machine for leadership in the black community, but built wider networks among white allies in the North. Decades after Washington's death in 1915, the civil rights movement of the 1950s took a more active and militant approach, which was also based on new grassroots organizations based in the South, such as Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).\nWashington mastered the nuances of the political arena in the late 19th century, which enabled him to manipulate the media, raise money, develop strategy, network, push, reward friends, and distribute funds, while punishing those who opposed his plans for uplifting blacks. His long-term goal was to end the disenfranchisement of the vast majority of African Americans, who then still lived in the South. His legacy has been very controversial to the civil rights community, of which he was an important leader before 1915. After his death, he came under heavy criticism for accommodationism to white supremacy. However since the late 20th century, a more balanced view of his very wide range of activities has appeared. As of 2010, the most recent studies, \"defend and celebrate his accomplishments, legacy, and leadership.\"", "Q327747": "Bernard Bresslaw (25 February 1934 \u2013 11 June 1993) was an English comic actor, best remembered as a member of the Carry On team.", "Q1197": "Lower Saxony (German: Niedersachsen [\u02c8ni\u02d0d\u0250zaksn\u0329] (listen); Low German: Neddersassen) is a German state (Land) situated in northwestern Germany. It is the second-largest state by land area, with 47,624 km2 (18,388 sq mi), and fourth-largest in population (7.9 million) among the 16 L\u00e4nder federated as the Federal Republic of Germany. In rural areas, Northern Low Saxon (a dialect of Low German) and Saterland Frisian (a variety of the Frisian language) are still spoken, but the number of speakers is declining.\nLower Saxony borders on (from north and clockwise) the North Sea, the states of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia, and the Netherlands (Drenthe, Groningen and Overijssel). Furthermore, the state of Bremen forms two enclaves within Lower Saxony, one being the city of Bremen, the other, its seaport city of Bremerhaven. In fact, Lower Saxony borders more neighbours than any other single Bundesland. The state's principal cities include the state capital Hanover, Braunschweig (Brunswick), L\u00fcneburg, Osnabr\u00fcck, Oldenburg, Hildesheim, Wolfenb\u00fcttel, Wolfsburg, and G\u00f6ttingen.\nThe northwestern area of Lower Saxony, which lies on the coast of the North Sea, is called East Frisia and the seven East Frisian Islands offshore are popular with tourists. In the extreme west of Lower Saxony is the Emsland, a traditionally poor and sparsely populated area, once dominated by inaccessible swamps. The northern half of Lower Saxony, also known as the North German Plains, is almost invariably flat except for the gentle hills around the Bremen geestland. Towards the south and southwest lie the northern parts of the German Central Uplands: the Weser Uplands and the Harz mountains. Between these two lie the Lower Saxon Hills, a range of low ridges. Thus, Lower Saxony is the only Bundesland that encompasses both maritime and mountainous areas.\nLower Saxony's major cities and economic centres are mainly situated in its central and southern parts, namely Hanover, Braunschweig, Osnabr\u00fcck, Wolfsburg, Salzgitter, Hildesheim, and G\u00f6ttingen. Oldenburg, near the northwestern coastline, is another economic centre. The region in the northeast is called the L\u00fcneburg Heath (L\u00fcneburger Heide), the largest heathland area of Germany and in medieval times wealthy due to salt mining and salt trade, as well as to a lesser degree the exploitation of its peat bogs until about the 1960s. To the north, the Elbe River separates Lower Saxony from Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and Brandenburg. The banks just south of the Elbe are known as Altes Land (Old Country). Due to its gentle local climate and fertile soil, it is the state's largest area of fruit farming, its chief produce being apples.\nMost of the state's territory was part of the historic Kingdom of Hanover; the state of Lower Saxony has adopted the coat of arms and other symbols of the former kingdom. It was created by the merger of the State of Hanover with three smaller states on 1 November 1946.", "Q65536": "Harald Ringstorff (born 25 September 1939 in Wittenburg, Mecklenburg) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and was the 3rd Minister President of the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. He headed a coalition government of the SPD and PDS (since 2007 the Left Party, Die Linke) from 1998 until 2006, and subsequently headed a coalition between the SPD and CDU. He was the 61st President of the Bundesrat in 2006/07.\nAfter his Abitur and military service, Ringstorff studied Chemistry at the University of Rostock. He received his Ph.D. in 1969. Afterwards he worked as a chemist for the Rostock dockyards. From 1987 to 1990 he was director of the branch office of the VEB Kali-Chemie (\"people's enterprise for potash chemistry\").In 1989 Ringstorff was a founding member of the Social Democratic Party in the GDR and a member of the freely elected Volkskammer of 1990. From 1990 to 2003 he was chairman of the SPD in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.Since 1990 Ringstorff has been a member of the Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern where he served as parliamentary leader of the SPD from 1990\u20131994 and 1996-1998. In between he was Minister for Economic and European Affairs and vice-minister-president in a coalition government with the CDU under minister-president Berndt Seite (CDU).In 1998, the SPD agreed to form a coalition with the PDS (now Left Party), a move controversial within the party. Ringstorff was elected minister-president. His coalition government was re-elected in 2002. After the elections of 2006, he decided to switch to a coalition with the CDU, which would have a more comfortable majority in parliament.\nOn 6 August 2008 Ringstorff let it be known that he wished to resign as minister-president because of his age. On 6 October he was succeeded in the office by Erwin Sellering.", "Q439736": "Shannon Marie Curfman (born July 31, 1985, Fargo, North Dakota) is an American blues-rock guitarist and singer.", "Q369428": "Paul G\u00e9gauff (1922\u20131983) was a French screenwriter, actor and director. He collaborated with director Claude Chabrol on 14 films. Among his films are Les Biches, Plein Soleil and the autobiographical Une Partie de Plaisir. In 1962, he and Ren\u00e9 Clement received an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America as the screenwriters for Plein Soleil, which was named Best Foreign Language Film.\nHis first marriage to film producer and actress Dani\u00e8le G\u00e9gauff ended in divorce. They had a daughter actress and singer, Cl\u00e9mence G\u00e9gauff. He died after being stabbed by his second wife, Coco Ducados, on Christmas Eve 1983.Chabrol once said of G\u00e9gauff: \"When I want cruelty, I go off and look for G\u00e9gauff. Paul is very good at gingering things up...He can make a character look absolutely ridiculous and hateful in two seconds flat.\"", "Q950309": "The B-52s (styled as The B-52's prior to 2008) are an American new wave band formed in Athens, Georgia, in 1976. The original line-up consisted of Fred Schneider (vocals, percussion), Kate Pierson (vocals, keyboards), Cindy Wilson (vocals, percussion), Ricky Wilson (guitar), and Keith Strickland (drums, guitar, keyboards). Ricky Wilson died from AIDS-related illness in 1985, and Strickland switched from drums to lead guitar. The band also added touring members for albums and live performances.\nThe group evoked a \"thrift shop aesthetic\", in the words of Bernard Gendron, by drawing from 1950s and 1960s pop sources, trash culture, and rock and roll. Schneider, Pierson, and Wilson sometimes use call-and-response-style vocals (Schneider's often humorous sprechgesang contrasting with the melodic harmonies of Pierson and Wilson), and their guitar- and keyboard-driven instrumentation composes their trademark sound which was also set apart from their contemporaries by the unusual guitar tunings used by Ricky Wilson on their earlier albums. The band has had many hits, including \"Rock Lobster\", \"Planet Claire\", \"Private Idaho\", \"Whammy Kiss\", \"Party Out of Bounds\", \"Wig\", \"Love Shack\" \"Cosmic Thing\" and \"Roam\".", "Q42189": "The Federalist Party was the first political party in the United States. Under Alexander Hamilton, it dominated the national government from 1789 to 1801. It became a minority party while keeping its stronghold in New England and made a brief resurgence by opposing the War of 1812. It then collapsed with its last presidential candidate in 1816. Remnants lasted in a few places for a few years. The party appealed to businesses and to conservatives who favored banks, national over state government, manufacturing, an army and navy, and in world affairs preferred Great Britain and opposed the French Revolution.\nThe Federalists called for a strong national government that promoted economic growth and fostered friendly relationships with Great Britain in opposition to Revolutionary France. It controlled the federal government until 1801, when it was overwhelmed by the Democratic-Republican opposition led by Thomas Jefferson. The Federalist Party came into being between 1792 and 1794 as a national coalition of bankers and businessmen in support of Hamilton's fiscal policies. These supporters worked in every state to build an organized party committed to a fiscally sound and nationalistic government. The only Federalist President was John Adams. George Washington was broadly sympathetic to the Federalist program, but he remained officially non-partisan during his entire presidency.Federalist policies called for a national bank, tariffs and good relations with Great Britain as expressed in the Jay Treaty negotiated in 1794. Hamilton developed the concept of implied powers and successfully argued the adoption of that interpretation of the Constitution. Their political opponents, the Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson, denounced most of the Federalist policies, especially the bank and implied powers; and vehemently attacked the Jay Treaty as a sell-out of republican values to the British monarchy. The Jay Treaty passed and the Federalists won most of the major legislative battles in the 1790s. They held a strong base in the nation's cities and in New England. They factionalized when President Adams secured peace with France, to the anger of Hamilton's larger faction. After the Jeffersonians, whose base was in the rural South and West, won the hard-fought presidential election of 1800, the Federalists never returned to power. They recovered some strength through their intense opposition to the War of 1812, but they practically vanished during the Era of Good Feelings that followed the end of the war in 1815.The Federalists left a lasting legacy in the form of a strong Federal government with a sound financial base. After losing executive power, they decisively shaped Supreme Court policy for another three decades through Chief Justice John Marshall.", "Q1698423": "Johannes Silberschneider (born 13 December 1958 in Styria, Austria), is an Austrian actor. \nHe studied acting at the Max Reinhardt Seminar. \nHe has appeared in many films and TV films and serials. His motion picture appearances include in The Red Violin (1998), Desperados On the Block (2009), Mahler On the Couch (2010) and Luisa Sanfelice (2004). Television credits include the role of Johannes Kleiman in Anne Frank: The Whole Story (2001), and Kreuzfeuer (1997) in which he played Lamoth.", "Q265560": "Marek Tacl\u00edk (born 9 May 1973 in \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem) is a Czech actor. He starred in the film Operace Silver A under director Ji\u0159\u00ed Strach in 2007.", "Q179697": "Pope Benedict VII (Latin: Benedictus VII; died October 983) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from October 974 to his death.", "Q43297": "Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published and based in New York City. It was first published in New York City on March 3, 1923 and for many years it was run by its influential co-founder Henry Luce. A European edition (Time Europe, formerly known as Time Atlantic) is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa, and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition (Time Asia) is based in Hong Kong. The South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition.Time has the world's largest circulation for a weekly news magazine. The print edition has a readership of 26 million, 20 million of whom are based in the United States. In mid-2012, its circulation was over 3 million, which fell to 2 million by late 2017.Formerly published by New York City-based Time Inc., since November 2018 Time has been published by TIME USA, LLC, owned by Marc Benioff who acquired it from Meredith Corporation two months earlier.", "Q235357": "Rebecka M\u00e5nstr\u00e5le Liljeberg (born 13 May 1981) is a Swedish former actress best known for her performance in Swedish film Show Me Love (Fucking \u00c5m\u00e5l) (1998).\n\n", "Q377616": "New Hollywood, sometimes referred to as the \"American New Wave\", or \"The Hollywood Renaissance\", refers to a movement in American film history from the mid-1960s to the early 1980s, when a new generation of young filmmakers came to prominence in the United States.\nThey influenced the types of film produced, their production and marketing, and the way major studios approached film-making. In New Hollywood films, the film director, rather than the studio, took on a key authorial role. The definition of New Hollywood varies, depending on the author, with some defining it as a movement and others as a period. The span of the period is also a subject of debate, as well as its integrity, as some authors, such as Thomas Schatz, argue that the New Hollywood consists of several different movements. The films made in this movement are stylistically characterized in that their narrative often strongly deviated from classical norms. After the demise of the studio system and the rise of television, the commercial success of films was diminished.\nSuccessful films of the early New Hollywood era include Bonnie and Clyde, The Graduate, Night of the Living Dead, The Wild Bunch, and Easy Rider, while films that failed at the box office including Heaven's Gate and One from the Heart marked the end of the era (despite the two maintaining a cult following years later).\n\n", "Q1829": "Kaliningrad (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434, IPA: [k\u0259l\u02b2\u026an\u02b2\u026an\u02c8\u0261rat], historically German: K\u00f6nigsberg, Polish: Kr\u00f3lewiec, Lithuanian: Karaliau\u010dius) is the largest city and the administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave on the Baltic Sea. At the 2010 Census, Kaliningrad's population was 431,902.Situated between Poland and Lithuania, both now in the European Union, Kaliningrad was strategically of importance during the Cold War. Following the de facto annexation of the territory, Soviet authorities built a new city that erased most historic links to the old city. In some districts, a few pre-war monuments remain.", "Q1691361": "Joseph Mark Cohn (born December 28, 1956) is an American jazz guitarist. His father is Al Cohn. His daughter Shaye Cohn plays cornet with Tuba Skinny.", "Q1162918": "Daniel Thomas Barry (born December 30, 1953) is an American engineer, scientist, and a retired NASA astronaut. He was a contestant on the CBS reality television program Survivor: Panama, as well as on BattleBots on ABC. He was at Singularity University from 2009\u20132012, where he was co-chair of the Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics and the chair of the graduate summer program. He is also a co-founder of Fellow Robots, a telepresence robotics company, and the founder and president of Denbar Robotics.", "Q370179": "Benedita Gon\u00e7alves Aires Pereira is an award-winning Portuguese actress. She was born in Porto.She received her training from the Balleteatro Training Centre. She had some periods of training with theater, cinema and television professionals such as Carla Bolito, Ant\u00f3nio Pedro Vasconcelos or Nicolau Breyner.\nShe made her first appearances in television in A Lenda da Gar\u00e7a (The Legend Of The Heron) (1999) and O Bairro da Fonte (Quarter Of The Fountain) (2002), however it was as the protagonist of the first edition of the youthful series Morangos com A\u00e7\u00facar (2003/04) that she achieved great popularity. She has continued to appear in other soap operas, such as Tempo de Viver (2006) and Ningu\u00e9m Como Tu (2005).Whilst attending the Lee Strasberg Institute in New York City, she lived with close friend and fellow Portuguese actress Daniela Ruah. She also starred as voice-over in the 2012 video game Max Payne 3 as Fabiana Branco, a S\u00e3o Paulo socialite.\nBenedita has twice won the TV 7Dias award for Best Actress in a Television series. She has appeared on NBC television series The Blacklist and has starred in several American films.She was directed by Filipe Crawford in the play Ubardo by Lu\u00edsa Costa Gomes in Teatro Nacional S. Jo\u00e3o (1998/99) and by Carlos Fraga in the play 1755 O Grande Terramoto (1755 The Big Earthquake) in Teatro da Trindade (2006).", "Q763494": "Tarabya II of Sagaing (Burmese: \u1006\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u1010\u101b\u1016\u103b\u102c\u1038, pronounced [s\u02b0\u026a\u0300\u0274 p\u02b0j\u00fa \u0283\u026a\u0300\u0274 t\u0259ja\u0330p\u02b0j\u00e1]; 1327\u20131352) was king of Sagaing from 1349 to 1352. He reestablished peace with Sagaing's rival Pinya.", "Q2621694": "As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names.\nOfficial naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are published in MPC's Minor Planet Circulars several times a year. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (DMP) and regularly updated the collection. Based on Paul Herget's The Names of the Minor Planets, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II. This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document: \"SBDB\". New namings may only be added after official publication as the preannouncement of names is condemned by the Committee on Small Body Nomenclature.", "Q114447": "Janel Wallace Moloney (born October 3, 1969) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Donna Moss on the television series The West Wing, a role for which she received nominations for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2002 and 2004. From 2014 to 2017, she starred on the acclaimed HBO drama The Leftovers.", "Q67321": "Pierrafortscha is a municipality in the district of Sarine in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.", "Q163817": "The Squeaker (German: Der Zinker) is a 1963 West German-French crime film directed by Alfred Vohrer and starring Heinz Drache. It was part of a very successful series of German films based on the writings of Edgar Wallace and adapted from the 1927 novel of the same name.", "Q92800": "David Neil \"Dave\" Cutler Sr. (born March 13, 1942) is an American software engineer, a designer, and a developer of several operating systems in the computer industry. These operating systems are Microsoft Windows NT, and Digital Equipment Corporation: RSX-11M, VAXELN, VMS (now OpenVMS).", "Q3428253": "The U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School (USAF TPS) is the Air Force's advanced flight training school that trains experimental test pilots, flight test engineers, and flight test navigators to carry out tests and evaluations of new aerospace weapon systems and also other aircraft of the U.S. Air Force. This school was established on 9 September 1944 as the Flight Test Training Unit at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (AFB) in Dayton, Ohio. To take advantage of the uncongested skies, usually superb flying weather, and the lack of developed zones in the event of crashing, the test pilot school was officially moved to its present location at Edwards Air Force Base in the Mojave Desert of Southern California on 4 February 1951.The TPS was created to formalize and standardize test pilot training reduce the high accident rate during the 1940s and increase the number of productive test flights. In response to the increasing complexity of aircraft and their electronic systems, the school added training programs for flight test engineers and flight test navigators. Between 1962 and 1972, the test pilot school included astronaut training for armed forces test pilots, but these classes were dropped when the U.S. Air Force manned spaceflight program was suspended. Class sizes have been uniformly quite small, with recent classes having about twenty students. The school is a component of the 412th Test Wing of the Air Force Materiel Command.", "Q293590": "Allan Pineda Lindo (born November 28, 1974), known professionally as apl.de.ap (IPA: ), is a Filipino-American rapper, singer and record producer best known as a member of the Grammy Award-winning hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas.", "Q31167": "Siegfried Samuel Marcus (German: [\u02c8zi\u02d0kf\u0281i\u02d0t \u02c8ma\u0281k\u028as]; 18 September 1831 \u2013 1 July 1898) was a German inventor. Marcus was born of Jewish descent in Malchin, in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He made several petrol-powered vehicles, the first one in 1864, while living in Vienna, Austria.\n\n", "Q840668": "La Jolla ( l\u0259 HOY-\u0259, American Spanish: [la \u02c8xo\u029da]) is a hilly, seaside community within the city of San Diego, California, occupying 7 miles (11 km) of curving coastline along the Pacific Ocean within the northern city limits. The population reported in the 2010 census was 46,781.La Jolla is surrounded on three sides by ocean bluffs and beaches and is located 12 miles (19 km) north of Downtown San Diego and 45 miles (72 km) south of Orange County. The climate is mild, with an average daily temperature of 70.5 \u00b0F (21.4 \u00b0C).La Jolla is home to many educational institutions and a variety of businesses in the areas of lodging, dining, shopping, software, finance, real estate, bioengineering, medical practice and scientific research. The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) is located in La Jolla, as are the Salk Institute, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (part of UCSD), Scripps Research Institute, and the headquarters of National University (though its academic campuses are elsewhere).", "Q180554": "Kimika Yoshino (\u5409\u91ce\u516c\u4f73, Yoshino Kimika) is a Japanese actress and gravure idol.", "Q353978": "Ronald Lee Ermey (March 24, 1944 \u2013 April 15, 2018) was an American actor, voice actor, drill instructor and Marine. He achieved fame for his role as Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in the 1987 film Full Metal Jacket, which earned him a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Ermey was also a United States Marine Corps staff sergeant and an honorary gunnery sergeant.\nErmey was often typecast in authority figure roles, such as Mayor Tilman in the film Mississippi Burning, Bill Bowerman in Prefontaine, Sheriff Hoyt in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre remake, Jimmy Lee Farnsworth in Fletch Lives, a police captain in Se7en, plastic army men leader Sarge in the Toy Story films, Lt. \"Tice\" Ryan in Rocket Power, a prison warden in an episode of SpongeBob SquarePants, and John House in House.\nOn television, Ermey hosted two programs on the History Channel: Mail Call, in which he answered viewers' questions about various military issues both modern and historic; and Lock n' Load with R. Lee Ermey, which concerned the development of different types of weapons. He also hosted GunnyTime on the Outdoor Channel.", "Q1023788": "CJ Mac (born Bryaan Ross on March 26, 1964) is an American rapper and actor.", "Q303197": "Lance Dwight Alworth (born August 3, 1940) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for the San Diego Chargers of the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL) and Dallas Cowboys of the NFL. He played for 11 seasons, from 1962 through 1972, and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1978. He was the first player inducted whose playing career was principally in the AFL. Alworth is also a member of the College Football Hall of Fame.", "Q71543": "Josef Kastein (6 October 1890 \u2013 13 June 1946), was a German-born writer and jurist.", "Q455820": "M\u00e4rta Margaretha af Ugglas (n\u00e9e Stenbeck; born 5 January 1939) is a Swedish former Moderate Party politician. She was Minister for Foreign Affairs between 1991 and 1994.", "Q40946": "Daniel Defoe (; c. 1660 \u2013 24 April 1731), born Daniel Foe, was an English trader, writer, journalist, pamphleteer and spy. He is most famous for his novel Robinson Crusoe, published in 1719, which is claimed to be second only to the Bible in its number of translations. He has been seen as one of the earliest proponents of the English novel, and helped to popularise the form in Britain with others such as Aphra Behn and Samuel Richardson. Defoe wrote many political tracts and was often in trouble with the authorities, and spent a period in prison. Intellectuals and political leaders paid attention to his fresh ideas and sometimes consulted with him.\nDefoe was a prolific and versatile writer, producing more than three hundred works\u2014books, pamphlets, and journals\u2014on diverse topics, including politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology, and the supernatural. He was also a pioneer of business journalism and economic journalism.", "Q219865": "Zone were all-female rock band started in Sapporo, Japan in 1997. Although it initially started as a dance group, they turned to an all-female band. Zone has been categorized in a new genre called \"bandol\" (a portmanteau of the words band and idol). The band was started and managed by Studio RunTime and released their first single, \"Good Days\", under the major record label Sony Records, on February 7, 2001. The group has officially ended on March 2, 2013.\nTheir most famous song is \"Secret Base (Kimi ga Kureta Mono)\", released on August 8, 2001. The single sold about 744,000 copies on Japanese Oricon charts.", "Q464425": "Edward James Begley Jr. (born September 16, 1949) is an American actor. Begley has appeared in hundreds of films, television shows, and stage performances. He played Dr. Victor Ehrlich on the television series St. Elsewhere (1982\u20131988). The role earned him six consecutive Primetime Emmy Award nominations and a Golden Globe Award nomination. He also co-hosted, along with wife Rachelle Carson, the green living reality show entitled Living with Ed (2007\u20132010).\nEqually prolific in cinema, Begley's best known films include Stay Hungry (1976), Blue Collar (1978), An Officer and a Gentleman (1982), This Is Spinal Tap (1984), The Accidental Tourist (1988), She-Devil (1989), The Pagemaster (1994), Batman Forever (1995), Auto Focus (2002), Pineapple Express (2008), What's Your Number? (2011), Ghostbusters (2016) and CHiPS (2017). He is a recurring cast member in the mockumentaries of Christopher Guest and Eugene Levy, including Best in Show (2000), A Mighty Wind (2003), For Your Consideration (2006), and Mascots (2016).", "Q102225": "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is a 2005 fantasy film directed by Mike Newell and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 2000 novel of the same name. The film, which is the fourth instalment in the Harry Potter film series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman. The story follows Harry's fourth year at Hogwarts as he is chosen by the Goblet of Fire to compete in the Triwizard Tournament.\nThe film is the first of the series to receive a PG-13 certificate in the US, and a 12A in the UK, and stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban and is followed by Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.\nFilming began in early 2004. The Hogwarts scenes were shot at the Leavesden Film Studios. Five days after its release, the film had grossed over US$102 million at the North American box office, which is the third-highest first-weekend tally for a Harry Potter film behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 1 and Part 2. Goblet of Fire enjoyed an immensely successful run at the box office, earning $897 million worldwide, which made it the highest-grossing film of 2005 and the sixth-highest-grossing film in the Harry Potter series.\nThe film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design. Goblet of Fire was the second film in the series to be released in IMAX. The film is one of the best-reviewed instalments within the series, being praised for the higher level of maturity and sophistication of its characters, plotline, tone, screenplay, and the performances of the lead actors.\n\n", "Q144270": "Birgitta J\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir (born 17 April 1967) is an Icelandic politician, anarchist, poet, and activist. She was a Member of the Althing (MP) for the Southwest Constituency from 2013 to 2017, representing the Pirate Party, having been elected at the 2013 election. She was previously an MP for Reykjav\u00edk Constituency South from 2009 to 2013. In November 2017, she has announced to retire from politics \"for now\".She published her first book of poetry at the age of 22, and later became a web developer. She was a noted Icelandic activist, and took on a number of roles during the protests following the 2007\u20132008 financial crisis.\nShe was first elected as an MP representing the Citizens' Movement in the 2009 election. Later in 2009, she left the Citizens' Movement and joined The Movement. She became involved with WikiLeaks during Julian Assange's visit to Iceland in 2010, and also helped to produce the Collateral Murder video. Following her time with WikiLeaks, she created the International Modern Media Institute, of which she became executive director in 2011. She was also involved in two court cases in the United States during her parliamentary term, one of which was the high-profile case Hedges vs Obama. In 2012, close to the end of her term, she co-founded the Icelandic Pirate Party, becoming their first MP.\nIn the 2013 election, Birgitta was elected as a Pirate Party MP, alongside two others. She was portrayed in the 2013 film about WikiLeaks, The Fifth Estate, of which she was critical. She also served as Chairman of the Pirate Party from 2014 to 2015, when they became the most popular party in Iceland.", "Q251809": "Wiley Ramsey Wiggins (November 6, 1976) is an American film actor. A native of Austin, Texas, he is the nephew of Lanny Wiggins, who was a member of Janis Joplin's early band, The Waller Creek Boys.\nAt the age of 16, Wiggins starred in Richard Linklater's film Dazed and Confused. He later starred in Linklater's Waking Life. He was involved in early 1990s cyberculture and wrote occasionally for such magazines as FringeWare Review, Mondo 2000, and Boing Boing. His current weblog, \"It's Not For Everyone\", focuses on film, art, technology and free culture.", "Q70649": "Novalles is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q50599": "Theodore Fulton Stevens Sr. (November 18, 1923 \u2013 August 9, 2010) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Alaska from 1968 to 2009. He was the longest-serving Republican U.S. Senator in history at the time he left office; his record was surpassed in January 2017 by Orrin Hatch from Utah. He was President pro tempore of the United States Senate in the 108th and 109th Congresses from January 3, 2003, to January 3, 2007, and was the third U.S. Senator to hold the title of President pro tempore emeritus.\nStevens served for six decades in the American public sector, beginning with his service in World War II. In 1952, his law career took him to Fairbanks, Alaska, where he was appointed U.S. Attorney the following year. In 1956, he returned to Washington D.C. to work in the Eisenhower Interior Department, where he played an important role in bringing about statehood for Alaska. He was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives in 1964 and became House majority leader in his second term. In 1968, Stevens ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate, but was appointed to Alaska's other Senate seat when it became vacant later that year. As a Senator, Stevens played key roles in legislation that shaped Alaska's economic and social development, including the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act, the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, and the Magnuson\u2013Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. He was also known for his sponsorship of the Amateur Sports Act of 1978, which resulted in the establishment of the United States Olympic Committee.\nIn 2008, Stevens was embroiled in a federal corruption trial as he ran for reelection to the Senate. He was initially found guilty and eight days later was narrowly defeated at the polls. Stevens was the most senior U.S. Senator to have ever lost a reelection bid. However, prior to Stevens's sentencing, the indictment was dismissed \u2013 effectively vacating the conviction \u2013 when a Justice Department probe found evidence of gross prosecutorial misconduct.Stevens died on August 9, 2010, when a de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter he and several others were flying in crashed en route to a private fishing lodge.", "Q556497": "Carmen Eva Nelken Mansberger (6 February 1898 \u2013 3 November 1966), known by the pseudonym Magda Donato, was a Spanish writer, journalist, playwright, and actress who went into exile in Mexico after the Spanish Civil War. She was the sister of writer and politician Margarita Nelken.", "Q115995": "Louis-Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers, 1st Comte Baraguey d'Hilliers (6 September 1795 \u2013 6 June 1878) was a Marshal of France and politician.Baraguey d'Hilliers was born in Paris, the son of the French revolutionary general Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers. He was educated at the Prytan\u00e9e National Militaire and joined the French army and took part in the Russian campaign of 1812, in 1813 he served as aide-de-camp to Marshal Marmont in the battle of M\u00f6ckern, where he lost his left hand. Promoted to captain in 1815, he fought at Quatre Bras. In 1823, he served in the campaign to restore Bourbon power in Spain, where he remained until 1825.\nHe distinguished himself in Algeria, where he was promoted to colonel after the capture of Algiers in 1830. In 1834, Baraguey d'Hilliers was made vice-governor of the military academy of Saint Cyr, promoted to g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de brigade in 1836, he was made commandant of the academy. Sent to Algeria in 1841, by 1843 he had been promoted to g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de division and was made commandant of Constantine. Put on the non active list in 1844, by 1847 he was reinstated and made Inspector-General of infantry. After the Revolution of 1848, he was sent as commanding general to Besan\u00e7on. Elected to the House of Representatives, Baraguey d'Hilliers remained on active duty and lead a French expeditionary force to Rome until 1851.\nIn 1853, Baraguey d'Hilliers was sent to Constantinople as ambassador extraordinaire, and recalled in 1854. During the Crimean War he was given command of the expeditionary force destined for the Baltic Sea. After capturing Bomarsund, Baraguey d'Hilliers was promoted to Marshal of France and made a Senator. He would later serve as vice-president of the French Senate. During the Italian campaign of 1859, Baraguey d'Hilliers commanded the I Corps with which he distinguished himself by capturing the town of Solferino during the Battle of Solferino. After the war he was given command of V Corps in Tours.\nMade governor of Paris in 1870, by his frankness he made himself unpopular with the Empress Eug\u00e9nie and with Palikao. On 12 August he was replaced by Trochu. After the end of the Franco-Prussian War, Adolphe Thiers made him president of a commission investigating the causes of the French defeat. He died in 1878 in Am\u00e9lie-les-Bains.", "Q92814": "Zohar Manna (1939 \u2013 30 August 2018) was an Israeli-American computer scientist who was a professor of computer science at Stanford University.", "Q442390": "I Knew Her Well (Italian: Io la conoscevo bene) is a 1965 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Antonio Pietrangeli and starring Stefania Sandrelli.\nIn 2008 the film was selected to enter the list of the 100 Italian films to be saved.\n\n", "Q154077": "Walk the Line is a 2005 American biographical musical romantic drama film directed by James Mangold. The screenplay, written by Mangold and Gill Dennis, is based on two autobiographies authored by singer-songwriter Johnny Cash, 1975's Man in Black: His Own Story in His Own Words and 1997's Cash: The Autobiography. The film follows Cash's early life, his romance with June Carter, and his ascent in the country music scene. It stars Joaquin Phoenix as Cash, Reese Witherspoon as Carter, Ginnifer Goodwin as Cash's first wife Vivian Liberto, and Robert Patrick as Cash's father.\nWalk the Line previewed at the Telluride Film Festival on September 4, 2005, and went into wide release on November 18. The film was nominated for five Oscars at the 78th Academy Awards, including Best Actor (Phoenix), Best Actress (Witherspoon, which she won), and Best Costume Design (Arianne Phillips). The film grossed more than $186 million worldwide.", "Q76238": "Emil Adolf Rossm\u00e4ssler (Emil Adolf Ro\u00dfm\u00e4\u00dfler, Emil Adolph Ro\u00dfm\u00e4\u00dfler) (March 3, 1806 in Leipzig \u2013 April 8, 1867) was a German biologist.\nWith Otto Eduard Vincenz Ule and Karl Johann August M\u00fcller, he was co-founder of the journal Die Natur.", "Q884158": "Le Moise Roosevelt Graves (December 9, 1909, Meridian, Mississippi \u2013 December 30, 1962, Gulfport, Mississippi), credited as Blind Roosevelt Graves, was an American blues guitarist and singer, who recorded both sacred and secular music in the 1920s and 1930s.On all his recordings, he played with his brother Uaroy Graves (c.1912\u2013c.1959), who was also nearly blind and played the tambourine. They were credited as \"Blind Roosevelt Graves and Brother\". Their first recordings were made in 1929 for Paramount Records. Theirs is the earliest version recorded of \"Guitar Boogie\", and they exemplified the best in gospel singing with \"I'll Be Rested\". Blues researcher Gayle Dean Wardlow has suggested that their 1929 recording \"Crazy About My Baby\" \"could be considered the first rock 'n' roll recording.\"In July 1936, they were located by the talent broker H. C. Speir, who arranged for them to record in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, according to some sources at the train station, although Speir later told Wardlow that the recordings took place in a temporary studio, in the Hotel Hattiesburg, at Mobile Street and Pine Street. For the session they were joined by the local piano player Cooney Vaughn, who performed weekly on radio station WCOC in Meridian prior to World War II. The trio were billed on record as the Mississippi Jook Band. In all, they recorded four tracks at Hattiesburg for the American Record Company - \"Barbecue Bust\", \"Hittin' The Bottle Stomp\", \"Dangerous Woman\" and \"Skippy Whippy\". According to the Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock and Roll, these \"...featured fully formed rock & roll guitar riffs and a stomping rock & roll beat\".\nThe Graves Brothers did not record again. After the war, Roosevelt Graves is thought to have moved to Gulfport, Mississippi.\nFor a number of years, the subject of Uaroy's identity was disputed. In several books, magazine articles, and album liner notes that mentioned the Graves brothers, the names \"Aaron\" or \"Leroy\" were substituted for Uaroy, on the assumption that the otherwise unknown name Uaroy must have arisen due to the poor penmanship of a recording company employee whose handwritten notes were misinterpreted. This controversy was put to rest in 2004, when photographic copies of the Paramount files were posted to the internet, and it could clearly be seen that the person who wrote up the recording session notes had written in a careful, almost printed hand, \"Uaroy Graves.\"In October 2008, the recordings by the Graves brothers and the Mississippi Jook Band, and others who recorded in Hattiesburg, were commemorated by a marker on the Mississippi Blues Trail, established to preserve the state's musical heritage.", "Q104898": "Sir Norman Robert Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank, (born 1 June 1935), is an English architect whose company, Foster + Partners, maintains an international design practice.\nHe is the President of the Norman Foster Foundation. The Norman Foster Foundation promotes interdisciplinary thinking and research to help new generations of architects, designers and urbanists to anticipate the future. The foundation, which opened in June 2017, is based in Madrid and operates globally.\nHe is one of the most prolific British architects of his generation. In 1999, he was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize, often referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture.", "Q69318": "Tr\u00e9lex is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q1321655": "Toyo University (\u6771\u6d0b\u5927\u5b66, T\u014dy\u014d Daigaku) is a university with several branches in Japan, including Hakusan, Asaka, Kawagoe, and Itakura.", "Q101738": "Friedrich Bethge (May 24, 1891 \u2013 17 September 1963) was a German poet, playwright and dramatist.\nBethge was born in Berlin. He was a member of the Nazi Party. He died, aged 72, in Bad Homburg.", "Q385494": "The Return (Russian: \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, Vozvrashcheniye) is a 2003 Russian drama film directed by Andrey Zvyagintsev and released internationally in 2004.\nIt tells the story of two Russian boys whose father suddenly returns home after a 12-year absence. He takes the boys on a holiday to a remote island on a lake that turns into a test of manhood of almost mythic proportions. It won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival (as well as the award for the best first film).\nIn a 2016 BBC critics' poll, The Return was ranked the 80th-greatest film of the 21st century.", "Q441841": "Debra Dunning (born July 11, 1966) is an American actress, model, executive producer, host, spokesperson and comedian.", "Q1687517": "Johnny Lee (born John Lee Ham; July 3, 1946) is an American country music singer. His 1980 single \"Lookin' for Love\" became a crossover hit, spending three weeks at number 1 on the Billboard country singles chart while also appearing in the Top 5 on the Billboard Pop chart and Top 10 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart. He racked up a total of 17 top 40 country hits in the early and mid-1980s.", "Q233732": "Ingrid Lilian Thulin (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u026a\u030c\u014b\u02d0r\u026ad t\u0275\u02c8li\u02d0n]; 27 January 1926 \u2013 7 January 2004) was a Swedish film actress.", "Q12972": "Fran\u00e7ois Asselineau (French pronunciation: \u200b[f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa as\u0259lino], born 14 September 1957) is a French politician and an Inspector General for finances.\nAsselineau was a member of the Rally for France (RPF) and UMP before creating his own political party the Popular Republican Union (Union Populaire R\u00e9publicaine or UPR). His movement promotes France's unilateral withdrawal from the European Union, the Eurozone and NATO.\nAsselineau has been described as a souverainist but doesn't self-identify as such. He identifies neither as right-wing nor left-wing. Arr\u00eat sur images described his background as \"typical of a right wing \u00e9narque, bordering on the far-right\". His views have also been described by many observers as conspiracy theories.Asselineau has had a troubled relationship with the media, which he has repeatedly accused of \"censorship\". In his critique he includes French Wikipedia, which has considered him insufficiently noteworthy to justify a page in the encyclopedia. The activism of his supporters to try and increase media coverage of Asselineau and the UPR has been noted by some observers.He ran in the 2017 French presidential election, presenting himself as the \u201cFrexit candidate\u201d. He was eventually eliminated in the first round, earning only 0.92% of the votes.On November 2019 was published a book written by numerous Japanese politicians and intellectuals, as well as French intellectuals such as Emmanuel Todd, and Fran\u00e7ois Asselineau himself.", "Q911427": "Beh\u00e7et's disease (BD) is a type of inflammatory disorder which affects multiple parts of the body. The most common symptoms include painful mouth sores, genital sores, inflammation of parts of the eye, and arthritis. The sores typically last a few days. Less commonly there may be inflammation of the brain or spinal cord, blood clots, aneurysms, or blindness. Often the symptoms come and go.The cause is unknown. It is believed to be partly genetic. Beh\u00e7et's is not contagious. Diagnosis is based on at least three episodes of mouth sores in a year together with at least two of the following: genital sores, eye inflammation, skin sores, a positive skin prick test.There is no cure. Treatments may include immunosuppressive medication such as corticosteroids and lifestyle changes. Lidocaine mouthwash may help with the pain. Colchicine may decrease the frequency of attacks. The condition often improves with the passage of time.While rare in the United States and Europe, it is more common in the Middle East and Asia. In Turkey, for example, about 2 per 1,000 are affected. Onset is usually in a person's 20s or 40s. The disease was initially described by Turkish dermatologist Hulusi Beh\u00e7et in 1937.", "Q337226": "Bertrand Tavernier (born 25 April 1941) is a French director, screenwriter, actor and producer.", "Q1293795": "Edward L. Stratemeyer (October 4, 1862 \u2013 May 10, 1930) was an American publisher and writer of children's fiction. He was one of the most prolific writers in the world, producing in excess of 1,300 books himself, selling in excess of 500 million copies. He also created many well-known fictional book series for juveniles, including The Rover Boys, The Bobbsey Twins, Tom Swift, The Hardy Boys, and Nancy Drew series, many of which sold millions of copies and are still in publication today. On Stratemeyer's legacy, Fortune wrote: \"As oil had its Rockefeller, literature had its Stratemeyer.\"", "Q126387": "Jaguar Lives! is a 1979 Spanish-American action film directed by Ernest Pintoff and starring Joe Lewis, Christopher Lee, Donald Pleasence and Barbara Bach. Its plot follows a secret agent who battles an international drugs ring.", "Q695302": "The German Archaeological Institute (German: Deutsches Arch\u00e4ologisches Institut, DAI) is a research institute in the field of archaeology (and other related fields). The DAI is a \"scientific corporation\" under the Federal Foreign Office of Germany.", "Q106057": "Ivo Livi (Italian pronunciation: [ivo \u02c8livi]), better known as Yves Montand (French: [iv m\u0254\u0303t\u0251\u0303]; 13 October 1921 \u2013 9 November 1991), was an Italian-French actor and singer.", "Q2584290": "One Froggy Evening is a 1955 American Technicolor animated musical short film written by Michael Maltese and directed by Chuck Jones, with musical direction by Milt Franklyn. The short, partly inspired by a 1944 Cary Grant film entitled Once Upon a Time involving a dancing caterpillar in a small box, marks the debut of Michigan J. Frog. This popular short contained a wide variety of musical entertainment, with songs ranging from \"Hello! Ma Baby\" and \"I'm Just Wild About Harry\", two Tin Pan Alley classics, to \"Largo al Factotum\", Figaro's aria from the opera Il Barbiere di Siviglia. The short was released on December 31 (New Year's Eve), 1955 as part of Warner Bros.' Merrie Melodies series of cartoons.\nFilmmaker Steven Spielberg, in the PBS Chuck Jones biographical documentary Extremes & Inbetweens: A Life in Animation, called One Froggy Evening \"the Citizen Kane of animated shorts\". In 1994, it was voted No.\u202f 5 of the 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time by members of the animation field. In 2003, the United States Library of Congress deemed the film \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\", and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.\nThe film is included in the Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 2 DVD box set (Disc 4), along with an audio commentary, optional music-only audio track (only the instrumental, not the vocal), and a making-of documentary, It Hopped One Night: A Look at \"One Froggy Evening\". It was also attached to the theatrical release of Little Giants in 1994 and was subsequently featured on that film's VHS release.\n\n", "Q947661": "Fantastic Four is an animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and the first animated series based on Marvel's comic book series Fantastic Four. The program, featuring character designs by Alex Toth, aired on ABC from September 9, 1967 to March 15, 1970. It lasted for 20 episodes, with repeat episodes airing on ABC for three years until the network cancelled the program. It was also rerun as part of the continuing series Hanna\u2013Barbera's World of Super Adventure. \nThrough a series of transactions, Disney currently holds the rights to the majority of Marvel's 1960s-1990s animated output (including the DePatie\u2013Freleng Enterprises and Marvel Productions library). However, the 1967-1968 Fantastic Four was produced by Hanna-Barbera, whose library is owned by WarnerMedia, making the series one of only a handful of Marvel-related TV projects not owned by Disney (which has since acquired Marvel outright). WarnerMedia is also the owner of Marvel's biggest competitor, DC Comics.\nThe show was followed by another Fantastic Four cartoon produced by DePatie\u2013Freleng Enterprises, The New Fantastic Four, in 1978.", "Q329018": "August \"Augie\" Meyers (born May 31, 1940 in San Antonio, Texas) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, performer, studio musician, producer, and record label owner. He is perhaps best known as a founding member of the Sir Douglas Quintet and the Texas Tornados.", "Q349934": "Noah Gray-Cabey (born November 16, 1995) is an American actor and pianist. He is known for his roles in the television series My Wife and Kids and Heroes. He has appeared on the television shows Ripley's Believe It or Not, 48 Hours, The Tonight Show, Good Morning America and The Oprah Winfrey Show. Gray-Cabey also starred in the CBS medical drama Code Black as Dr. Eliot Dixon.", "Q7294": "Johannes Brahms (German: [jo\u02c8han\u0259s \u02c8b\u0281a\u02d0ms]; 7 May 1833 \u2013 3 April 1897) was a German composer, pianist, and conductor of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna. His reputation and status as a composer are such that he is sometimes grouped with Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven as one of the \"Three Bs\" of music, a comment originally made by the nineteenth-century conductor Hans von B\u00fclow.\nBrahms composed for symphony orchestra, chamber ensembles, piano, organ, and voice and chorus. A virtuoso pianist, he premiered many of his own works. He worked with some of the leading performers of his time, including the pianist Clara Schumann and the violinist Joseph Joachim (the three were close friends). Many of his works have become staples of the modern concert repertoire. An uncompromising perfectionist, Brahms destroyed some of his works and left others unpublished.\nBrahms has been considered, by his contemporaries and by later writers, as both a traditionalist and an innovator. His music is firmly rooted in the structures and compositional techniques of the Classical masters. While many contemporaries found his music too academic, his contribution and craftsmanship have been admired by subsequent figures as diverse as Arnold Schoenberg and Edward Elgar. The diligent, highly constructed nature of Brahms's works was a starting point and an inspiration for a generation of composers. Embedded within his meticulous structures, however, are deeply romantic motifs.", "Q331657": "Daniel St George Chatto, previously Daniel Chatto St George Sproule, is a British artist and former actor. He is the husband of Lady Sarah Chatto, the daughter of Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, and niece of Queen Elizabeth II.", "Q958999": "Isidoro de Mar\u00eda (1815\u20131906) was a Uruguayan writer, historian, journalist, politician and diplomat.\nIn 1833 he married Sinforosa Navarrete Artigas (a relative of Jos\u00e9 Gervasio Artigas) with whom he fathered several children, among others, writer and politician Pablo de Mar\u00eda and folklorist poet Alcides de Mar\u00eda.\nAmong other works he wrote:\n\nVida del Brigadier General Jos\u00e9 Gervasio Artigas fundador de la Nacionalidad Oriental (1860)\nTradiciones y recuerdos. Montevideo antiguo, four volumes published between 1887 and 1895\nCompendio de la Historia de la Rep\u00fablica Oriental del Uruguay (editor).", "Q182357": "Lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person. The term derives from a form of Ancient Greek literature, the lyric, which was defined by its musical accompaniment, usually on a stringed instrument known as a lyre. The term owes its importance in literary theory to the division developed by Aristotle between three broad categories of poetry: lyrical, dramatic, and epic.", "Q107349": "Georg Barfu\u00df (June 10, 1944 -) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nHe is a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.", "Q505971": "Fear Before (formerly known as Fear Before the March of Flames) is an experimental rock band that resides in Aurora, Colorado. As stated on their Alternative Press podcast, their name originates from a Denver Post newspaper headline about the 2002 Hayman fire titled \"The Fear Before The March of Flames.\" They released their debut album Odd How People Shake in 2003 with a re-release in January 2004, second album Art Damage in September 2004, third album The Always Open Mouth in September 2006, and fourth album Fear Before in October 2008. In 2010 the band announced they were going into an indefinite hiatus.", "Q941210": "Pernilla Nina Elisabeth Wahlgren (born 24 December 1967) is a Swedish singer and actress. She has sung in Melodifestivalen several times; her 1985 entry titled \"Piccadilly Circus\" became popular and successful. She has acted in several plays and films, playing roles including Esmeralda in the Academy Award-winning Fanny and Alexander. She has twice received the Guldmasken award for her work in theater.", "Q263663": "Lisa Suzanne Blount (July 1, 1957 \u2013 October 27, 2010) was an American film and television actress, and Academy Award-winning producer.", "Q1154500": "A weather presenter (also known colloquially in North America as a weatherman or weather broadcaster) is a person who presents the weather forecast daily on radio, television or internet news broadcasts. Using diverse tools, such as projected weather maps, they inform the viewers of the current and future weather conditions, explain the reasons underlying this evolution, and relaying to the public any weather hazards and warnings issued for their region, country or larger areas. There is no basic qualifications to become a weather presenter, depending on the country and the media, it can range from an introduction to meteorology for a television host to a diploma in meteorology from a recognized university. So it is not to be confused with meteorologist, or weather forecaster, the holder of a diploma in meteorology.", "Q74349": "Abel P. Huntington Jr. (February 21, 1777 \u2013 May 18, 1858) was a U.S. Representative from New York.\n\n", "Q25660": "Tomasz Wr\u00f3blewski (born 2 June 1980), stage name Orion, is a Polish extreme metal musician, best known for being the bassist and backing vocalist for black-death metal band Behemoth. Since 1997, he also is a member of symphonic black metal band Vesania, as a lead vocalist and guitarist.\nWr\u00f3blewski was born in Warsaw. In 2002, he became bassist of doom metal band Neolithic and was a member of the group till 2006 when they were disbanded. In 2003, he joined Behemoth as session bassist. After the departure of Mateusz \"Havoc\" \u015amierzchalski, Orion switched to guitar. In 2004, Behemoth was joined by session guitarist Patryk \"Seth\" Sztyber, while Orion took bass again, and became an official member. In 2010 with members of defunct band Neolithic, Orion formed the rock band Black River. The group eventually split up after releasing two albums, due to vocalist Maciej Taff's retirement from the music industry because of health condition.\nOrion is endorsed by ESP/Ltd, Mark Bass and DV Mark.\n\n", "Q608235": "Anton\u00edn Baudy\u0161 (9 September 1946 \u2013 24 August 2010) was a Czech academic and politician who served as defense minister from 1993 to 1994. He was the first defense minister of the Czech Republic.", "Q75057": "Virginie Ledieu (born August 2, 1960) is a French voice actress who specializes in dubbing. She is the daughter of Marion Game. She is the official dubbing voice of Alyson Hannigan.\n\n", "Q4378840": "Princess Daisy is a 1983 miniseries by Waris Hussein, based on the 1980 novel of the same name by Judith Krantz.", "Q194253": "Evangelicalism (), evangelical Christianity, or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide, trans-denominational movement within Protestant Christianity that maintains the belief that the essence of the Gospel consists of the doctrine of salvation by grace alone, solely through faith in Jesus's atonement. Evangelicals believe in the centrality of the conversion or \"born again\" experience in receiving salvation, in the authority of the Bible as God's revelation to humanity, and in spreading the Christian message. The movement has long had a presence in the Anglosphere before spreading further afield in the 19th, 20th and early 21st centuries.\nIts origins are usually traced to 1738, with various theological streams contributing to its foundation, including Pietism, Puritanism, Presbyterianism and the Moravian Church (in particular its bishop Nicolaus Zinzendorf and his community at Herrnhut). Preeminently, John Wesley and other early Methodists were at the root of sparking this new movement during the First Great Awakening. Today, evangelicals are found across many Protestant branches, as well as in various denominations not subsumed to a specific branch. Among leaders and major figures of the evangelical Protestant movement were John Wesley, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, Billy Graham, Bill Bright, Harold Ockenga, John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones. The movement gained great momentum during the 18th and 19th centuries with the Great Awakenings in Great Britain and the United States.\nIn 2016, there were an estimated 619 million evangelicals in the world, meaning that one in four Christians would be classified as evangelical. The United States has the largest concentration of evangelicals in the world. American evangelicals are a quarter of the nation's population and its single largest religious group. As a trans-denominational coalition, evangelicals can be found in nearly every Protestant denomination and tradition, particularly within the Reformed, Baptist, Wesleyan, Pentecostal and charismatic churches.", "Q361706": "Adolphus Frederick IV (5 May 1738 \u2013 2 June 1794) was a Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.", "Q106731": "Anne Ranasinghe (born Anneliese Katz; 2 October 1925 \u2013 17 December 2016) was a Jewish-German born Sri Lankan English language poet. She is considered as one of Sri Lanka's leading poet in English, having won several international awards.", "Q2040757": "Gan-Shin (\u5ca9\u795e, Rock Spirit) is an independent European rock music record label.", "Q65244": "Schiers is a Swiss village in the Pr\u00e4ttigau and a municipality in the political district Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden. The first concrete girder bridge ever built, Salginatobel Bridge, is located in Schiers. Designed by Robert Maillart and completed in 1930, in 1991 it was the first bridge to be designated an International Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers.", "Q233054": "Miriam \"Mimi\" Rogers (n\u00e9e Spickler; born January 27, 1956) is an American film and television actress, producer, and former professional poker player. Her notable film roles include Gung Ho (1986), Someone to Watch Over Me (1987), and Desperate Hours (1990). She garnered the greatest acclaim of her career for her role in the religious drama The Rapture (1991), with critic Robin Wood declaring that she \"gave one of the greatest performances in the history of the Hollywood cinema.\" Rogers has since appeared in Reflections on a Crime (1994), The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996), Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997), Lost in Space (1998), Ginger Snaps (2000), The Door in the Floor (2004), and For a Good Time, Call... (2012). Her extensive work in television includes Paper Dolls (1984), Weapons of Mass Distraction (1997), The Loop (2006\u20132007), and recurring roles on The X-Files (1998\u20131999), Two and a Half Men (2011\u20132015), Wilfred (2014), Mad Men (2015), and Bosch (2014\u2013present).", "Q983623": "Mariano Haro Cisneros (born May 27, 1940) is a former Spanish athlete, competing in the long-distance events. He was born in Becerril de Campos.\nHaro ran almost compulsively using his gifted legs to run errands and handle odd jobs. He soon became prominently competitive in a sport he hardly chose.\nIn the 1960s he won almost every 5,000 and 10,000 meter event held in Spain. His closest Spanish competitor was Javier Alvarez Salgado.\nHaro placed 4th in the 10,000-meter 1972 Summer Olympics final at Munich in an epic battle against Lasse Vir\u00e9n, Emiel Puttemans, Miruts Yifter, and Frank Shorter. He qualified for the 5,000-meter final in those Games, but defaulted at the eleventh hour. He also competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics at the age of 36, placing 6th in the 10,000-meter event.Traditionally a cross-country runner, he was runner-up in the Cross World Championships in 1972, 1973, 1974 and 1975; a Spanish National Cross champion from 1971 through 1977; and two-time winner of the International Lasarte Cross Country race in 1974 and 1975.\nHaro held Spanish national records in all distances from 1,500 meters to 20 km. He also still holds the Spanish record in the hour race.\nAfter retiring from athletics following the Montreal Olympics, he joined a more financially prosperous career in politics.", "Q253978": "Dirty Dancing is a 1987 American romantic drama dance film written by Eleanor Bergstein, produced by Linda Gottlieb, and directed by Emile Ardolino. It stars Jennifer Grey as Frances \"Baby\" Houseman, a young woman who falls in love with dance instructor Johnny Castle (Patrick Swayze) at a holiday resort.\nThe film was based on screenwriter Eleanor Bergstein's own childhood. She originally wrote a screenplay for the Michael Douglas film It's My Turn, but ultimately ended up conceiving a story for a film which became Dirty Dancing. She finished the script in 1985, but management changes at MGM put the film in development hell. The production company was changed to Vestron Pictures with Emile Ardolino as director and Linda Gottlieb as producer. Filming took place in Lake Lure, North Carolina, and Mountain Lake, Virginia, with the film's score composed by John Morris and dance choreography by Kenny Ortega.\nDirty Dancing premiered at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival on May 12, 1987, and was released on August 21, 1987, in the United States, earning over $214 million worldwide. It was the first film to sell more than a million copies for home video, and its soundtrack created by Jimmy Ienner generating two multi-platinum albums and multiple singles, including \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", which won both the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Song and a Grammy Award for best duet. The film's popularity led to a 2004 prequel, Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights, and a stage version which has had sellout performances in Australia, Europe, and North America. A made-for-TV remake was also released in 2017.", "Q1183": "Puerto Rico (Spanish for 'Rich Port'; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit. 'Free Associated State of Puerto Rico') and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea, approximately 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Miami, Florida.\nPuerto Rico is an archipelago among the Greater Antilles located between the Dominican Republic and the US Virgin Islands, and includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands, such as Mona, Culebra, and Vieques. The capital and most populous city is San Juan. The territory's total population is approximately 3.4 million, more than 21 U.S. states. Spanish and English are the official languages of the executive branch of government, though Spanish predominates.Originally populated by the indigenous Ta\u00edno people, Puerto Rico was colonized by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493. It was contested by the French, Dutch, and British, but remained a Spanish possession for the next four centuries. The island's cultural and demographic landscapes were shaped by the displacement and assimilation of the native population, the forced migration of African slaves, and settlement primarily from the Canary Islands and Andalusia. In the Spanish Empire, Puerto Rico played a secondary but strategic role compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and New Spain. By the late 19th century, a distinct Puerto Rican identity began to emerge, with a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined indigenous, African, and European elements. In 1898, following the Spanish\u2013American War, the United States acquired Puerto Rico, which remains an unincorporated territorial possession, making it the world's oldest colony.Puerto Ricans have been citizens of the United States since 1917, and can move freely between the island and the mainland. As it is not a state, Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the U.S. Congress, which governs the territory with full jurisdiction under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950. Puerto Rico's sole congressional representation is through one non-voting member of the House called a Resident Commissioner. As residents of a U.S. territory, American citizens in Puerto Rico are disenfranchised at the national level, do not vote for the president or vice president of the U.S., and in most cases do not pay federal income tax. Congress approved a local constitution in 1952, allowing U.S. citizens of the territory to elect a governor. Puerto Rico's future political status has consistently been a matter of significant debate.\nBy Latin American standards, Puerto Rico has the highest GDP per capita and the most developed and competitive economy; however, its poverty rate is higher than the poorest U.S. state, and the territory struggles with chronically large debt, considerable unemployment, and a high rate of emigration. The 21st century has seen several major challenges, including a government-debt crisis and devastation by Hurricane Maria.", "Q71231": "Charles \u0399\u0399 the Bald (13 June 823 \u2013 6 October 877) was the king of West Francia (843\u2013877), king of Italy (875\u2013877) and emperor of the Carolingian Empire (875\u2013877). After a series of civil wars during the reign of his father, Louis the Pious, Charles succeeded, by the Treaty of Verdun (843), in acquiring the western third of the Carolingian Empire. He was a grandson of Charlemagne and the youngest son of Louis the Pious by his second wife, Judith.", "Q312930": "Copahue (Spanish pronunciation: [ko\u02c8pawe]) is a stratovolcano in the Andes on the border of B\u00edo B\u00edo Region, Chile and Neuqu\u00e9n Province, Argentina. There are nine volcanic craters along a 2 km (1.2 mi) line, the easternmost of which is historically the most active, and contains a 300 m (1000 ft) wide crater lake with a pH ranging between 0.18 and 0.30. Eruptions from this crater lake have ejected pyroclastic rocks and chilled liquid sulfur fragments. Although the lake emptied during the 2000 eruption, it later returned to its previous levels. Copahue means \"sulphur waters\" in Mapuche.Copahue sits on a basement of sedimentary and volcanic rocks ranging in age from Eocene to Pliocene. The modern volcano sits in a volcanically active area, with a caldera from the Pliocene, measuring 20 km by 15 km, lying to the east of Copahue. The modern volcano became active roughly 1.2 million years ago (Ma). The modern caldera formed 0.6 to 0.4 Ma, and produced large pyroclastic flows, extending up to 37 km from the volcano.\n\nThe modern structure is an elongated shield volcano, with a maximum thickness of 22 km and a minimum of 8 km. It has erupted ten times since 1900, most recently in March 2016. On 27 May 2013, it was reported that a red alert had been issued and the evacuation of around 2,000 people was to begin.", "Q3176866": "Samuel \"Sam\" Hocevar (born 5 August 1978) is a French software and video game developer. He was the project leader of the Debian operating system from 17 April 2007 to 16 April 2008.", "Q943361": "Corrado B\u00f6hm (17 January 1923 \u2013 23 October 2017) was a Professor Emeritus at the University of Rome \"La Sapienza\" and a computer scientist known especially for his contributions to the theory of structured programming, constructive mathematics, combinatory logic, lambda calculus, and the semantics and implementation of functional programming languages.", "Q381194": "A\u00ec Q\u012bng (Chinese: \u827e\u9752; pinyin: A\u00ec Q\u012bng; Wade\u2013Giles: Ai Ch'ing; born Ji\u01ceng Zh\u00e8ngh\u00e1n (Chinese: \u848b\u6b63\u6db5; pinyin: Ji\u01ceng Zh\u00e8ngh\u00e1n) and styled Ji\u01ceng H\u01ceich\u00e9ng (Chinese: \u848b\u6d77\u6f84; pinyin: Ji\u01ceng H\u01ceich\u00e9ng); March 27, 1910 \u2013 May 5, 1996), is regarded by some as one of the finest modern Chinese poets. He was known under his pen names L\u00ednb\u00ec (Chinese: \u6797\u58c1; pinyin: L\u00ednb\u00ec), K\u00e8'\u0101 (Chinese: \u514b\u963f; pinyin: K\u00e8'\u0101) and \u00c9ji\u0101 (Chinese: \u83aa\u4f3d; pinyin: \u00c9ji\u0101).", "Q61022": "Maximilian \u201cMax\u201d Wilhelm Gustav Moritz von Prittwitz und Gaffron (27 November 1848 \u2013 29 March 1917) was an Imperial German general. He fought in the Austro-Prussian War, the Franco-Prussian War, and briefly in the First World War.\n\n", "Q238101": "The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, (the U of M, UMN, Minnesota, or simply the U) is a public research university in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota. The Twin Cities campus comprises locations in Minneapolis and St. Paul approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) apart, and the St. Paul location is in neighboring Falcon Heights. The Twin Cities campus is the oldest and largest in the University of Minnesota system and has the sixth-largest main campus student body in the United States, with 51,327 students in 2019-20. It is the flagship institution of the University of Minnesota System, and is organized into 19 colleges, schools, and other major academic units.\nThe University of Minnesota is included in a 1985 book describing America's Public Ivy universities. The Minnesota Territorial Legislature drafted a charter for a territorial university in 1851, the university took significant time to fully organize and the first college classes weren't held until 1867. The university is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity.\" Minnesota is a member of the Association of American Universities and is ranked 14th in research activity, with $881 million in research and development expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2015.University of Minnesota faculty, alumni, and researchers have won 26 Nobel Prizes and three Pulitzer Prizes. Notable University of Minnesota alumni include two vice presidents of the United States, Hubert Humphrey and Walter Mondale, and Bob Dylan, who received the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Q112744": "God Is Great and I'm Not (French: Dieu est grand, je suis toute petite) is a light romantic comedy directed by Pascale Bailly starring Audrey Tautou and Edouard Baer. It was released in 2001, following Tautou's international success in Le Fabuleux Destin d'Am\u00e9lie Poulain.", "Q1824699": "Gail Ann Dorsey (born November 20, 1962) is an American musician. With a long career as a session musician mainly on bass guitar, she is perhaps best known for her lengthy residency in David Bowie's band, from 1995 to Bowie's death in 2016. Aside from playing bass, she sang lead vocals on live versions of \"Under Pressure\" (taking the part originally sung by Queen frontman Freddie Mercury) and dueted with Bowie on other songs, including \"The London Boys\", \"Aladdin Sane (1913-1938-197?)\", \"I Dig Everything\", accompanying Bowie on clarinet, and a cover of Laurie Anderson's \"O Superman\".\nFrom 1993 to 1996, Dorsey recorded and toured with Tears for Fears, and collaborated on songwriting with the band. She appeared in several of the band's promo videos throughout this period. Her diverse range of work includes performances and recordings with, among others, The National, Lenny Kravitz, Bryan Ferry, Boy George, the Indigo Girls, Khaled, Jane Siberry, The The, Skin, Gwen Stefani, Charlie Watts, Seal, Gang of Four, Susan Werner, Ani DiFranco and Dar Williams.\nIn addition, Dorsey has released three solo albums: The Corporate World (1988), Rude Blue (1992), and I Used To Be... (2003).", "Q28344": "Wider\u00f8es Flyveselskap AS, trading as Wider\u00f8e, is a Norwegian airline, and is the largest regional airline operating in the Nordic countries. Its fleet of 40 Bombardier Dash 8 aircraft, and 3 Embraer E190-E2 aircraft, serves 41 domestic and 6 international destinations. Wider\u00f8e has a turnover of 4 billion kr; carries 2.86 million annual passengers; has 3,000 employees and performs 450 take-offs and landings each day. Public service obligation services to regional airports make up slightly less than half of Wider\u00f8e's operations. The remaining services are to primary airports in Northern Norway, and services from Sandefjord Airport, Torp and Bergen Airport, Flesland to other primary airports, and some international services from Oslo/Gardermoen, Sandefjord/Torp, Kristiansand/Kjevik, Stavanger/Sola, Bergen/Flesland and Trondheim/V\u00e6rnes.\nThe company's head offices are in Bod\u00f8, although it retains a large administrative center in Lysaker, Oslo. The main bases are Sandefjord Airport, Torp, Bod\u00f8 Airport, Troms\u00f8 Airport, Langnes, Bergen Airport, Flesland and Oslo Airport, Gardermoen. Wider\u00f8e's operations are focused on point-to-point transit, although the airline essentially feeds medium-haul and international airlines. Wider\u00f8e has interlining agreements and participates in EuroBonus for international flights.\nThe airline was established in 1934 by Viggo Wider\u00f8e, a notable Norwegian aviator, and was engaged in various general aviation activities in its early days. In 1936, Wider\u00f8e started scheduled seaplane flights and, from 1940, also ambulance flights. During the 1940s and 1950s, the airline increased its seaplane routes and established a fleet based on de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter and Noorduyn Norseman aircraft. From 1968, Wider\u00f8e started flying to STOLports built in northern and western Norway using DHC-6 Twin Otters, and later also with Dash 7 aircraft. In 1989, Wider\u00f8e bought Norsk Air and started services from Sandefjord. During the 1990s, it replaced all its aircraft with Dash 8 aircraft; in the 2000s it was bought by the SAS Group and took over SAS Commuter's operations in northern Norway. In 2010, Wider\u00f8e took over regional SAS services in western Norway. In 2013, SAS Group sold 80% of the shares to WF Holding, an investment company controlled by Torghatten ASA, and in June 2016 the remaining 20% of the shares were transferred to WF Holding, ending SAS ownership of Wider\u00f8e, albeit still as a close regional partner of SAS.\n\n", "Q221450": "Luciano Berio, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (October 24, 1925 \u2013 May 27, 2003) was an Italian composer. He is noted for his experimental work (in particular his 1968 composition Sinfonia and his series of virtuosic solo pieces titled Sequenza) and also for his pioneering work in electronic music.", "Q57590": "Mykola Yanovych Azarov (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0430 \u042f\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0437\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432; Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u042f\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0437a\u0440\u043e\u0432, romanized: Nikolay Yanovich Azarov; n\u00e9 Pakhlo; Cyrillic: \u041f\u0430\u0445\u043b\u043e; born 17 December 1947) is a Ukrainian politician who was the Prime Minister of Ukraine from 11 March 2010 to 27 January 2014. He was the First Vice Prime Minister and Finance Minister from 2002 to 2005 and again from 2006 to 2007. Azarov also served ex officio as an acting Prime Minister in the First Yanukovych Government when Viktor Yanukovych ran for president at first and then upon resignation of his government.\nFollowing the victory of Viktor Yanukovych in the 2010 presidential election, Azarov succeeded Yanukovych as leader of the Party of Regions, and was appointed as Prime Minister in March 2010. In January 2014, after weeks of Euromaidan protests and the 2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots, Azarov offered his letter of resignation. Since July 2014, Azarov has been on the international wanted list for alleged abuse of power. On 19 January 2015 Kiev District Court of Pechersk Raion issued an arrest warrant as a preventive measure to allow for extradition of Azarov from the Russian Federation.. Azarov is currently the subject of international sanctions from the U.S., European Union, Norway, Canada, and Switzerland due to his role in the Ukraine crisis. In 2015, he set up a government in exile that was widely seen as a pro-Russian puppet.", "Q49976": "Koichi Kato (\u52a0\u85e4 \u7d18\u4e00, Kat\u014d K\u014dichi, 17 June 1939 \u2013 9 September 2016) was a Japanese politician who held a seat in the House of Representatives in the National Diet for 13 terms between 1972 and 2012 as a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. After losing his seat at the December 2012 general election, his daughter Ayuko Kato regained the seat for the LDP at the following election. His father, Seizo Kato, also sat in the House of Representatives for five terms between 1952 and 1965.", "Q530074": "Bart Preneel (born 15 October 1963) is a Flemish cryptographer and cryptanalyst. He is a professor at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, in the COSIC group. He was the president of the International Association for Cryptologic Research in 2008-2013 and project manager of ECRYPT.\nAlong with Shoji Miyaguchi, he invented the Miyaguchi\u2013Preneel scheme, a complex structure used in hash functions such as Whirlpool. He is one of the authors of the RIPEMD-160 hash function. He was also a co-inventor of the stream cipher MUGI which would later become a Japanese standard, and of the stream cipher Trivium which was a well-received entrant to the eSTREAM project.\nHe has also contributed to the cryptanalysis of RC4, SOBER-t32, MacGuffin, Helix, Phelix, Py, TPypy, the HAVAL cryptographic hash function as well as the SecurID hash function.", "Q19199": "Bradford Phillip Delson (born December 1, 1977) is an American musician and record producer, best known as the lead guitarist and one of the founding members of the American rock band Linkin Park.", "Q493": "Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud (UK: , US: French: [a\u0281ty\u0281 \u0281\u025b\u0303bo] (listen); 20 October 1854 \u2013 10 November 1891) was a French poet and arms dealer known for his influence on modern literature and arts, which prefigured surrealism. Born in Charleville, he started writing at a very young age and excelled as a student, but abandoned his formal education in his teenage years to run away from home to Paris amidst the Franco-Prussian War. During his late adolescence and early adulthood he began the bulk of his literary output, then completely stopped writing at the age of 20, after assembling one of his major works, Illuminations.\nRimbaud was known to have been a libertine and a restless soul, having engaged in an at-times-violent romantic relationship with fellow poet Paul Verlaine, which lasted nearly two years. After ending his literary career, he traveled extensively on three continents as a merchant before his death from cancer just after his thirty-seventh birthday. As a poet, Rimbaud is well known for his contributions to symbolism and, among other works, for A Season in Hell, a precursor to modernist literature.", "Q47783": "Postmodernism is a broad movement that developed in the mid- to late 20th century across philosophy, the arts, architecture, and criticism, marking a departure from modernism. The term has been more generally applied to describe a historical era said to follow after modernity and the tendencies of this era. \nWhile encompassing a wide variety of approaches and disciplines, postmodernism is generally defined by an attitude of skepticism, irony, or rejection of the grand narratives and ideologies of modernism, often calling into question various assumptions of Enlightenment rationality. Consequently, common targets of postmodern critique include universalist notions of objective reality, morality, truth, human nature, reason, science, language, and social progress. Postmodern thinkers frequently call attention to the contingent or socially-conditioned nature of knowledge claims and value systems, situating them as products of particular political, historical, or cultural discourses and hierarchies. Accordingly, postmodern thought is broadly characterized by tendencies to self-referentiality, epistemological and moral relativism, pluralism, and irreverence.\nPostmodern critical approaches gained purchase in the 1980s and 1990s, and have been adopted in a variety of academic and theoretical disciplines, including cultural studies, philosophy of science, economics, linguistics, architecture, feminist theory, and literary criticism, as well as art movements in fields such as literature, contemporary art, and music. Postmodernism is often associated with schools of thought such as deconstruction, post-structuralism, and institutional critique, as well as philosophers such as Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Lyotard, Jacques Derrida, and Fredric Jameson.\nCriticisms of postmodernism are intellectually diverse, and include assertions that postmodernism promotes obscurantism, is meaningless, and that it adds nothing to analytical or empirical knowledge.\n\n", "Q277616": "Louis Vuitton (French: [lwi v\u0265it\u0254\u0303]; 4 August 1821 \u2013 27 February 1892) was a French fashion designer and businessman. He was the founder of the Louis Vuitton brand of leather goods now owned by LVMH. Prior to this, he had been appointed as trunk-maker to Empress Eug\u00e9nie de Montijo, wife of Napoleon III.", "Q189564": "Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (French: [pj\u025b\u0281 teja\u0281 d\u0259 \u0283a\u0281d\u025b\u0303] (listen ); 1 May 1881 \u2013 10 April 1955) was a French idealist philosopher and Jesuit priest who trained as a paleontologist and geologist and took part in the discovery of the Peking Man. He conceived the vitalist idea of the Omega Point (a maximum level of complexity and consciousness towards which he believed the universe was evolving), and he developed Vladimir Vernadsky's concept of noosphere. Teilhard's ideas had a profound influence on the New Age movement.\nIn 1962, the Holy Office condemned several of Teilhard's works based on their alleged ambiguities and doctrinal errors. Some eminent Catholic figures, including Cardinal Ratzinger and Pope Francis, have made positive comments on some of his ideas since. The response to his writings by scientists has been mostly critical.", "Q315087": "Garry Kent Marshall (November 13, 1934 \u2013 July 19, 2016) was an American film director, film producer, screenwriter, and actor who is best known for creating Happy Days and its various spin-offs, developing Neil Simon's 1965 play The Odd Couple for television, and directing Pretty Woman, Beaches, Runaway Bride, Valentine's Day, New Year's Eve, Mother's Day, The Princess Diaries, and The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement.", "Q129922": "Alejandra Azc\u00e1rate is a Colombian model, presenter, broadcaster, comedian and actress, born on March 3, 1978 in Bogot\u00e1.", "Q90795": "Hanno Koffler (Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany, March 25, 1980) is a German actor and musician known for plays, television and film in Germany. His most famous films include Summer Storm (2004), alongside Robert Stadlober and Krabat (2008), alongside Daniel Br\u00fchl and Tom Wlaschiha. Both films by German film director Marco Kreuzpaintner. His most outstanding works were in the movie Free Fall (2013), alongside Max Riemelt and Katharina Sch\u00fcttler, directed by Stephan Lacant. He then starred in an Oscar nominated film, Never Look Away (2018), directed by Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck and starring alongside Tom Schilling, Sebastian Koch, Paula Beer, and Saskia Rosendahl.", "Q185376": "Major Payne is a 1995 American comedy film directed by Nick Castle and written by and starring Damon Wayans. The film co stars Karyn Parsons, Steven Martini and Michael Ironside. The film is a loose remake of the war film of 1955, The Private War of Major Benson, starring Charlton Heston. The film was released in the United States on March 24, 1995.\n\n", "Q64172": "B\u00e4rbel Bohley (24 May 1945 \u2013 11 September 2010) was an East German opposition figure and artist. \n\n", "Q118527": "Wilhelm Amsinck Burchard-Motz (born 4 July 1878 in Hamburg, died 13 January 1963 in Hamburg) was a German lawyer and national-liberal politician. He served as Senator for Trade, Shipping and Industry of Hamburg from 1925 to 1933 and as Second Mayor from 1933 to 1934. Burchard-Motz was a member of the Nazi Party.He was the son of Hamburg First Mayor Johann Heinrich Burchard and Emily Amsinck. Following studies in Heidelberg, Lausanne and Cambridge, he worked as lawyer in Hamburg from 1904 where he was a member of the Esche Sch\u00fcmann Commichau (chambers, as in association of barristers).In the 1950s, he was Vice President of the German Golf Association.", "Q309486": "Martin John Christopher Freeman (born 8 September 1971) is an English actor and comedian, known for portraying Bilbo Baggins in Peter Jackson's The Hobbit film trilogy (2012\u20132014), Tim Canterbury in the original UK version of sitcom mockumentary The Office (2001\u20132003), Dr. John Watson in the British crime drama Sherlock (2010\u20132017), and Lester Nygaard in the dark comedy-crime drama TV series Fargo (2014).\nHis other notable film roles include the romantic comedy Love Actually (2003), the comic science fiction film The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005), the semi-improvised comedy Nativity! (2009), the comedic Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy (2004\u20132013), most prominently in the sci-fi comedy The World's End (2013), and his portrayal of Everett K. Ross in the Marvel films Captain America: Civil War (2016) and Black Panther (2018). Among other accolades, he has won an Emmy Award, a BAFTA Award, an Empire Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award, with nominations including two other Emmy Awards, two other BAFTA Awards, a Saturn Award, and a Golden Globe Award.", "Q3808522": "Joaqu\u00edn Ram\u00edrez Fern\u00e1ndez (born August 20, 1941, Mexico City) is an author and retired employee of several sports car racing teams. From 1984 to 2001 Ram\u00edrez was coordinator of the McLaren Formula One team, including during the infamous Prost\u2013Senna rivalry of the late-1980s.\n\n", "Q1433036": "Ricardo Palacios (2 March 1940 \u2013 11 February 2015) was a Spanish actor, film director and screenwriter.\nBorn Ricardo L\u00f3pez-Nu\u00f1o D\u00edez in Reinosa, Cantabria, Palacios graduated from the Official Film School in Madrid as an actor and director. He debuted in the 1961 TV series Poly.He participated in about 150 films and television series, being mainly active in the spaghetti western genre, and he was also a recurring presence in films directed by Jes\u00fas Franco.In 1987, Palacios made his directorial debut with the comedy film \u00a1Biba la banda! starring Alfredo Landa, and in 1997 he directed the TV-series La banda de P\u00e9rez.After spending over a month in hospital with heart problems, Ricardo died on 11 February 2015 of heart failure.", "Q458486": "George \"Harmonica\" Smith (born Allen George Smith, April 22, 1924 \u2013 October 2, 1983) was an American electric blues harmonica player. Apart from his solo recordings, Smith is best known for his work backing both Muddy Waters and Big Mama Thornton.", "Q573171": "Anthony E. Siegman (November 23, 1931 \u2013 October 7, 2011) was an electrical engineer and educator concerned with masers and lasers. He was president of the Optical Society of America in 1999 and was awarded the Esther Hoffman Beller Medal in 2009.", "Q15953": "Fritz Mauthner (22 November 1849 \u2013 29 June 1923) was an Austro-Hungarian novelist, theatre critic and satirist. He was an exponent of philosophical scepticism derived from a critique of human knowledge and of philosophy of language.\nMauthner was born on 22 November 1849 into an assimilated, well-to-do Jewish family from Horzitz in Bohemia (now Ho\u0159ice in the Czech Republic). He was the fourth of the six children of Emmanuel and Amalie Mauthner.:viiiHe became editor of the Berliner Tageblatt in 1895, but is remembered mainly for his Beitr\u00e4ge zu einer Kritik der Sprache (Contributions to a Critique of Language), published in three parts in 1901 and 1902. Ludwig Wittgenstein took several of his ideas from Mauthner, and acknowledges him in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922).Mauthner died in Meersburg am Bodensee on 29 June 1923.:viii", "Q25890": "Stephen Kramer Glickman (born March 17, 1979) is a Canadian actor, music producer and stand-up comedian. He is best known as Gustavo Rocque on the Nickelodeon television series Big Time Rush (2009\u20132013).\n\n", "Q320014": "Abraham Kuijper (; Dutch: [\u02c8a\u02d0bra\u02d0\u0266\u0251m \u02c8k\u0153yp\u0259r]; 29 October 1837 \u2013 8 November 1920), publicly known as Abraham Kuyper, was Prime Minister of the Netherlands between 1901 and 1905, an influential neo-Calvinist theologian and also a journalist. He established the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands, which upon its foundation became the second largest Reformed denomination in the country behind the state-supported Dutch Reformed Church.\nIn addition, he founded a newspaper, the Free University of Amsterdam and the Anti-Revolutionary Party. In religious affairs, he sought to adapt the Dutch Reformed Church to challenges posed by the loss of state financial aid and by increasing religious pluralism in the wake of splits that the church had undergone in the 19th century, rising Dutch nationalism, and the Arminian religious revivals of his day which denied predestination. He vigorously denounced modernism in theology as a fad that would pass away. In politics, he dominated the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) from its founding in 1879 to his death in 1920. He promoted pillarisation, the social expression of the anti-thesis in public life, whereby Protestant, Catholic and secular elements each had their own independent schools, universities and social organisations.\n\n", "Q704355": "Charles Arthur Bassett II, Major, USAF (December 30, 1931 \u2013 February 28, 1966) was an American electrical engineer and United States Air Force test pilot. He went to Ohio State University for two years and later graduated from Texas Tech University. He joined the air force as a pilot and graduated from both the Aerospace Research Pilot School and the Air Force's Experimental Test Pilot School. Bassett was married and had two children. He was selected as a NASA astronaut in 1963 and assigned to Gemini 9, but died in an airplane crash during training for his first spaceflight. He is memorialized on the Space Mirror Memorial, The Astronaut Monument, and the Fallen Astronaut memorial plaque, placed on the Moon during the Apollo 15 mission.", "Q188652": "Rocky is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen, written by and starring Sylvester Stallone. It tells the rags to riches American Dream story of Rocky Balboa, an uneducated, kind-hearted working class Italian-American boxer, working as a debt collector for a loan shark in the slums of Philadelphia. Rocky, a small-time club fighter, gets a shot at the world heavyweight championship. The film also stars Talia Shire as Adrian, Burt Young as Adrian's brother Paulie, Burgess Meredith as Rocky's trainer Mickey Goldmill, and Carl Weathers as the reigning champion, Apollo Creed.\nThe film, made on a budget of just over $1 million, was a sleeper hit; it earned $225 million in global box office receipts, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1976. The film was critically acclaimed and solidified Stallone's career as well as commenced his rise to prominence as a major movie star. Among other accolades, it went on to receive ten Academy Award nominations, winning three, including Best Picture. In 2006, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\". Rocky is considered to be one of the greatest sports films ever made and was ranked as the second-best in the genre, after Raging Bull, by the American Film Institute in 2008.\nThe film has spawned seven sequels: Rocky II (1979), Rocky III (1982), Rocky IV (1985), Rocky V (1990), Rocky Balboa (2006), Creed (2015), and Creed II (2018). Stallone portrays Rocky in all eight films, wrote seven of the eight films, and directed four of the six titular installments. In July 2019, Stallone said in an interview that there have been ongoing discussions about a prequel to the original film based on the life of a young Rocky Balboa.", "Q71219": "Cora Stephan (born 7 April 1951 in Strang near Bad Rothenfelde, West Germany) is a German-speaking writer and essayist.\nAs an author of crime fiction she is known under the pseudonym Anne Chaplet.\nStephan grew up in Osnabr\u00fcck (Germany). Having studied in Hamburg and Frankfurt she graduated as a teacher in 1973 and took her PhD in 1976 with a thesis on the History of German Social-Democracy in the 19th Century.\nFrom 1976 to 1984 she taught at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University in Frankfurt (Germany).\nFrom 1985 to 1987 she worked as a journalist in the Bonn office of the German news magazine Der Spiegel.\nToday Cora Stephan lives in M\u00fccke near Frankfurt (Germany) and Laurac-en-Vivarais (France). Under the pseudonym Anne Chaplet she was awarded the Deutscher Krimi Preis twice (in 2001 and 2004) and received Radio Bremen Krimipreis in 2003.", "Q187561": "Madonna: Truth or Dare (also known as Truth or Dare and In Bed with Madonna outside of North America) is a 1991 American documentary film by director Alek Keshishian chronicling the life of singer and songwriter Madonna during her 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour. Madonna approached Keshishian to do an HBO special on the tour after watching his Harvard senior project. Initially planned to be a traditional concert film, Keshishian was so impressed with the backstage life that he persuaded Madonna to do an actual film focusing on that. Madonna funded the project and served as its executive producer. The film was edited to be in black-and-white, in order to emulate cin\u00e9ma v\u00e9rit\u00e9, while the performance scenes were edited to be in color.\nIt was screened out of competition at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival and was given a limited release on May 10, 1991; two weeks later, it had its worldwide release. It opened to positive reviews, although certain scenes, such as one where Madonna visits her mother's grave, were criticized. Madonna was nominated for a Razzie Award for Worst Actress. With a worldwide gross of $29 million (an estimated $54.44 million in 2019 dollars), it was the highest-grossing documentary of all time, until Bowling for Columbine surpassed it in 2002. Truth or Dare has been noted as a groundbreaking film for its casual portrayal of homosexuality, and was compared to the documentary Paris Is Burning (1990). It has also had an impact on reality television and celebrity culture, inspiring parodies and other music-related documentaries.", "Q153056": "Destiny's Child was an American girl group whose final and best-known line-up comprised Beyonc\u00e9 Knowles, Kelly Rowland, and Michelle Williams. The group began their musical career as Girl's Tyme, formed in 1990 in Houston, Texas. After years of limited success, the quartet comprising Knowles, Rowland, LaTavia Roberson, and LeToya Luckett were signed in 1997 to Columbia Records as Destiny's Child. The group was launched into mainstream recognition following the release of their best-selling second album, The Writing's on the Wall (1999), which contained the number-one singles \"Bills, Bills, Bills\" and \"Say My Name\". Despite critical and commercial success, the group was plagued by internal conflict and legal turmoil, as Roberson and Luckett attempted to split from the group's manager Mathew Knowles, citing favoritism of Knowles and Rowland.\nIn early 2000, both Roberson and Luckett were replaced with Williams and Farrah Franklin; however, Franklin quit after five months, leaving the group as a trio. Their third album, Survivor (2001), whose themes the public interpreted as a channel to the group's experience, produced the worldwide hits \"Independent Women\", \"Survivor\" and \"Bootylicious\". In 2002, they announced a hiatus to pursue solo careers. The trio reunited two years later for the release of their fourth and final studio album, Destiny Fulfilled (2004), which spawned the international hits \"Lose My Breath\" and \"Soldier\". Since the group's official disbandment in 2006, Knowles, Rowland, and Williams have reunited a couple of times, including at the 2013 Super Bowl halftime show and 2018 Coachella festival.\nDestiny's Child has sold more than sixty million records worldwide to date. Billboard magazine ranks the group as one of the greatest musical trios of all time, the ninth most successful artist/band of the 2000s, placed the group 68th in its All-Time Hot 100 Artists list in 2008 and in December 2016, the magazine ranked them as the 90th most successful dance club artist of all-time. The group was nominated for 14 Grammy Awards, winning twice for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and once for Best R&B Song.", "Q883179": "Blaxploitation or blacksploitation is an ethnic subgenre of the exploitation film that emerged in the United States during the early 1970s. The films, while popular, suffered backlash for disproportionate numbers of stereotypical film characters showing bad or questionable motives, including roles as criminals. However, the genre does rank among the first in which black characters and communities are the heroes and subjects of film and television, rather than sidekicks, villains, or victims of brutality. The genre's inception coincides with the rethinking of race relations in the 1970s.\nBlaxploitation films were originally aimed at an urban African-American audience, but the genre's audience appeal soon broadened across racial and ethnic lines. Hollywood realized the potential profit of expanding the audiences of blaxploitation films across those racial lines.\nVariety credited Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song and the less radical, Hollywood-financed film Shaft (both released in 1971) with the invention of the blaxploitation genre. Blaxploitation films were also the first to feature soundtracks of funk and soul music.", "Q59595": "Mr. Deeds is a 2002 American comedy film directed by Steven Brill, written by Tim Herlihy, and starring Adam Sandler, Winona Ryder, Peter Gallagher, Jared Harris, Allen Covert, Erick Avari, John Turturro, and Conchata Ferrell. It is a remake of the 1936 Frank Capra film Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, which in turn is based on the short story Opera Hat by Clarence Budington Kelland.", "Q76576": "Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (German: [\u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0d\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8\u0283la\u026a\u0250\u02ccma\u03c7\u0250]; November 21, 1768 \u2013 February 12, 1834) was a German theologian, philosopher, and biblical scholar known for his attempt to reconcile the criticisms of the Enlightenment with traditional Protestant Christianity. He also became influential in the evolution of higher criticism, and his work forms part of the foundation of the modern field of hermeneutics. Because of his profound effect on subsequent Christian thought, he is often called the \"Father of Modern Liberal Theology\" and is considered an early leader in liberal Christianity. The neo-orthodoxy movement of the twentieth century, typically (though not without challenge) seen to be spearheaded by Karl Barth, was in many ways an attempt to challenge his influence.", "Q258805": "Cake is a 2005 romantic comedy film directed by Nisha Ganatra. It was released on December 2, 2005 in Canada and is rated R for language and sexual content. It stars Heather Graham as Pippa, David Sutcliffe as Ian, and Taye Diggs as Hemingway.\n\n", "Q77668": "Johannes Winkler (May 29, 1897 \u2013 December 27, 1947) was a German rocket pioneer who founded the first German rocket society and launched the first successful liquid-fuelled rocket in Europe.In 1915 during World War I, he joined the German army and was wounded in action the following year, leading to a lengthy hospitalisation. After his recovery, he studied as a machinist at the Danzig technical college and found a job at Junkers.\nOn July 5, 1927, he was one of the founders the Verein f\u00fcr Raumschiffahrt (VfR - \"Spaceflight Society\"). He also was the society's first president and editor of the VfR's Die Rakete' journal.\nOn March 14, 1931 at 4:45pm, he launched the H\u00fcckel-Winkler I (HW-I) at the Gross K\u00fchnau drill field near Dessau. According to his account, it was planned to reach an altitude of 500 meters, but it turned and flew horizontally, landing 200 meters from the pad. The maximum altitude of the rocket was not recorded. It was powered by liquid oxygen and liquid methane.\nEighteen months after the HW-I flight, Winkler launched the HW-II on October 6, 1932 in a public demonstration, which included invited officials from the K\u00f6nigsberg council. Unfortunately, the rocket exploded within seconds of ignition because of a faulty fuel valve.\nWinkler designed a number of other rockets and JATO units for Junkers and then a government aviation research institute, but none left the drawing board.", "Q728867": "Gordon Cameron Jackson, (19 December 1923 \u2013 15 January 1990) was a Scottish actor best remembered for his roles as the butler Angus Hudson in Upstairs, Downstairs and as George Cowley, the head of CI5, in The Professionals. He also portrayed Flt. Lt. Andrew MacDonald, \"Intelligence\", in The Great Escape.", "Q706542": "Marc Rich (born Marcell David Reich; December 18, 1934 \u2013 June 26, 2013) was an international commodities trader, hedge fund manager, financier and businessman. He founded the commodities company Glencore, and was later indicted in the United States on federal charges of tax evasion and making oil deals with Iran during the Iran hostage crisis. He was in Switzerland at the time of the indictment and never returned to the United States. He received a widely criticised presidential pardon from U.S. President Bill Clinton on January 20, 2001, Clinton's last day in office.\n\n", "Q4748584": "Amr Al-Dabbagh (born 1966) (Arabic:\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u063a) is a Saudi businessman, philanthropist, former government minister, and author. He is the chair and CEO of the Jeddah-based Al-Dabbagh Group. Al-Dabbagh is the founder of the Stars Foundation, a non-profit devoted to helping disadvantaged children, and Philanthropy University, a Massive open online course (MOOC) for Global South civil society organizations, providing free non-credit courses based in Oakland, California.", "Q28860669": "Sandra Brewster is a Canadian visual artist based in Toronto. Her work is multidisciplinary in nature, and deals with notions of identity, representation and memory.\n\n", "Q838089": "Amateur wrestling is the most widespread form of sport wrestling. There are two international wrestling styles performed in the Olympic Games: freestyle and Greco-Roman. Both styles are under the supervision of United World Wrestling (UWW; formerly known as FILA, from the French acronym for International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles). A similar style, commonly called collegiate (also known as scholastic or folkstyle), is practiced in colleges and universities, secondary schools, middle schools, and among younger age groups in the United States. Where the style is not specified, this article refers to the international styles of competition on a mat. In February 2013, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted to remove the sport from the 2020 Summer Olympics onwards. On 8 September 2013, the IOC announced that wrestling would return to the Summer Olympics in 2020. The rapid rise in the popularity of the combat sport mixed martial arts (MMA) has increased interest in amateur wrestling due to its effectiveness in the sport and it is considered a core discipline.", "Q68748": "Dietrich Stobbe (25 March 1938 \u2013 19 February 2011) was a German politician from Weepers, East Prussia. He served as Mayor of West Berlin from 2 May 1977 till 23 January 1981. From 1 November 1978 till 31 October 1979 he was also President of the Bundesrat.Stobbe was born in Weepers, and was a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).\nHe died in Berlin on 19 February 2011 at the age of 72 after long illness.", "Q465707": "Christophe Szpajdel (Polish: [\u0283pajd\u025bl]; born September 29, 1970) is a Belgian-born international calligraphist and illustrator, principally known for designing band logos. Szpajdel's most prolific logos include ones designed for death metal band Disgrace in 1990, black metal band Emperor in early 1993, alternative rock band Foo Fighters in 2015, hip hop artist Rihanna (designed especially for her MTV Video Music Awards appearance and following Anti World Tour) and thrash metal band Metallica, both in 2016. He has also illustrated logos for posters of such films as Mandy and Lords of Chaos (both 2018) and The Tell Tale Heart (2020). Since designing his first professional band logo for Belgian death metal band Morbid Death (featuring members that would later play in Enthroned) in 1988, Szpajdel estimates to have drawn over 10,000 logos, mainly within the black metal, death metal and dark ambient music scenes.The significant amount of work that Szpajdel has done in the industry has lead him to be nicknamed, originally by a fan in 2006, the Lord of the Logos. This sobriquet was reinforced when he authored a book of the same name, Lord of the Logos: Designing the Metal Underground, published in January 2010 through Die Gestalten Verlag. The book showcases a selection of 2500 of his illustrations from over the years, accompanied by photographs taken by Szpajdel. Lord of the Logos: Designing the Metal Underground was successful enough for a sequel, titled Archaic Modernism: The Art of Christophe Szpajdel, scheduled for publication in September 2020 through Heavy Music Artwork. When first announced in the 2010s, the second book's title was tentatively titled Ancient Modernism Szpajdel's illustrations and interviews have also appeared in the books Logos from Hell: A Compendium of Death and Black Metal Logos (2008, re-printed 2015; Doomentia Press), Black Metal: Beyond the Darkness (2012; Black Dog Publishing), Black Metal: Evolution of the Cult (2013, Feral House), Darkadya: The Book of Art From Below Vol. 2 (2016, Darkadya Books) and Arte Arcana (2018; Heavy Music Artwork), and have been featured in such magazine as Metal Maniacs, Metal Hammer, Terrorizer and Vice.Szpajdel was also the subject of a documentary, appropriately titled Lord of the Logos, which explores his life and work as cult artist and his decades-long career designing logos for the metal underground. The 12-minute documentary was directed by Luke J. Hagan and had its United Kingdom premiere on December 2, 2016 at the Two Short Nights Film Festival. The documentary had its United States premiere in August 2017 at the San Diego Underground Film Festival, and has most recently been shown again in the United Kingdom at the Homegrown Shorts festival, held at the Curzon Cinema & Arts on March 27, 2019. Szpajdel has also appeared and collaborated with such prominent heavy metal documentaries as Until the Light Takes Us, which was released in 2008 and documents the black metal music scene, and SWR Barroselas Metalfest's The 15th Rebellion of the Steel Warriors, released in 2014.", "Q1148667": "Miyuki-chan in Wonderland (Japanese: \u4e0d\u601d\u8b70\u306e\u56fd\u306e\u7f8e\u5e78\u3061\u3083\u3093, Hepburn: Fushigi no Kuni no Miyuki-chan) is a comedy, yuri (love between women) manga written and illustrated by Clamp, an all-female manga artist team consisting of Satsuki Igarashi, Mokona, Tsubaki Nekoi, and Nanase Ohkawa. The story focuses on the eponymous protagonist, a Japanese high-school girl who finds herself pulled into various worlds populated by women who consider her appealing.\nMiyuki-chan in Wonderland appeared as a serial in the manga magazine Newtype from 1993 to 1995, based on the children's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll. Kadokawa Shoten collected the seven chapters into one bound volume and published it in September 1995. While the concept of Miyuki-chan in Wonderland was initially imagined as the first chapter by writer Ohkawa, the team continued with it for the enjoyment it provided. An image album and an original video animation adaptation of the first two chapters were published in 1995.\nIn 2002, Tokyopop announced that it had licensed Miyuki-chan in Wonderland for an English-language translation, and published it in October 2003. It is now out of print. It received a range of critical reaction from reviewers, from praise as cute entertainment to criticism as the worst of Clamp's works. The eponymous protagonist has made cameo appearances in other works by Clamp: the music video Clamp in Wonderland (1994) and the fantasy manga series Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle (2003\u20132009). Viz Media acquired the rights to the manga and digitally published it on September 24, 2014.", "Q70661": "Giez is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q849116": "Kremenets (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0440\u0435\u043c'\u044f\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c, \u041a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c, translit. Kremianets', Kremenets'; Polish: Krzemieniec; Yiddish: \u05e7\u05e8\u05e2\u05de\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05e5\u200e, romanized: Kremenits) is a city of regional significance in the Ternopil Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Kremenets Raion (district), and lies 18 km north-east of the great Pochayiv Monastery. The city is situated in the historic region of Volhynia.", "Q374323": "Ramone Johnson, better known by his stage name Cashis (stylized as Ca$his), is an American rapper who was born and raised in Chicago, but moved to Irvine, California. He was most notably featured on the Shady Records album Eminem Presents: The Re-Up with Eminem and the record label, and released The County Hound EP in 2007. The County Hound EP sold 6,700 copies in its first week and debuted on the US Billboard 200 at number 106. He's best known for appearing on Eminem's song, \"You Don't Know\", featuring 50 Cent and Lloyd Banks.\nIn August 2011 on his mixtape Rooftop Series Vol.1, in the intro, Cashis revealed that he was leaving Shady Records, but is remaining with Bogish Brand Entertainment. After many delays, his solo debut album, The Art of Dying, was released independently on October 30, 2012, but failed to chart. On October 15, 2013, he released his second studio album The County Hound 2, which contained significant production from Eminem and was supported by five retail singles.", "Q104668": "Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg, ForMemRS (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u041b\u0430\u0301\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433; 4 October 1916 \u2013 8 November 2009) was a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, Nobel laureate, a member of the Soviet and Russian Academies of Sciences and one of the fathers of the Soviet hydrogen bomb. He was the successor to Igor Tamm as head of the Department of Theoretical Physics of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FIAN), and an outspoken atheist.", "Q60472": "Ernst Hermann August Theodor Busse (15 December 1897 \u2013 21 October 1986) was a German officer during World War I and World War II.", "Q1606747": "Sean Malone is an American musician who plays primarily fretless bass guitar and Chapman Stick. However, Malone also plays piano, keyboards, and guitar. Malone did a number of session jobs for various bands and musicians. He is most famous for his work in American band Cynic, in which he developed a strong partnership with the drummer Sean Reinert. Malone and Reinert played on several records together outside Cynic, making them one of the most favorable modern progressive rhythm sections.", "Q79123": "Egon Ferdinand Ranshofen-Wertheimer (September 4, 1894, in Ranshofen/Braunau am Inn \u2013 December 27, 1957, in New York City) was a diplomat, journalist, doctor of laws and state.", "Q4885879": "Benjamin Charles Humphreys AM (17 August 1934 \u2013 17 November 2019) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and served in the House of Representatives from 1977 to 1996, representing the Division of Griffith in Queensland. He was Minister for Veterans' Affairs in the Hawke and Keating Governments from 1987 to 1993.", "Q66003": "Rueun is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Rueun, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.", "Q363887": "Jo\u00e3o Sim\u00f5es Lopes Neto (March 9, 1865 \u2013 June 14, 1916) was a Brazilian regionalist writer from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. \nAfter some unsuccessful business ventures, Neto married at 27. He only wrote four significant works, but nevertheless made a strong contribution to Brazilian literature, specifically regionalist writing known as Criollismo in Latin America. \nNeto died of a perforated ulcer in 1916 at age 51.", "Q1232615": "The Socialist Destourian Party (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u200e al-\u1e24izb al-Ishtir\u0101k\u012b ad-Dust\u016br\u012b ; French: Parti socialiste destourien) was the ruling political party of Tunisia from 1964 to 1988. Bahi Ladgham was the first Prime Minister from the party and H\u00e9di Baccouche was the last. It was founded on 22 October 1964 and disbanded on 27 February 1988. Habib Bourgiba was the first president of the Socialist Destourian Party 1964\u20131987. He was succeeded by Zine El Abidine Ben Ali 1987\u20131988.", "Q153730": "Barbara Pierce Bush (born November 25, 1981) is an American activist. She co-founded and is the chair of the board of the non-profit organization Global Health Corps. She and her fraternal twin sister Jenna are the daughters of the 43rd U.S. President George W. Bush and former First Lady Laura Bush. She is also a granddaughter of former President George H. W. Bush and Barbara Bush, after whom she is named.", "Q506288": "Andrew Ross McMahon (born September 3, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter. He was the vocalist, pianist and primary lyricist for the bands Something Corporate and main songwriter for Jack's Mannequin and performs solo both under his own name as well as his moniker, Andrew McMahon in the Wilderness. On April 30, 2013, he debuted his first solo work, an EP titled The Pop Underground, which was followed by his debut album Andrew McMahon in the Wilderness, released on October 14, 2014. His second album, Zombies on Broadway, was released on February 10, 2017. He released his third album, Upside Down Flowers, on November 16, 2018.", "Q2577330": "William Albert Steiger (May 15, 1938 \u2013 December 4, 1978) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1967 until his death from a heart attack in Washington, D.C. in 1978. He served as a Republican from Wisconsin.", "Q72076": "Johann August Ernesti (4 August 1707 \u2013 11 September 1781) was a German Rationalist theologian and philologist. Ernesti was the first who formally separated the hermeneutics of the Old Testament from those of the New.", "Q369414": "Family Business (French: Conseil de famille) is a 1986 French comedy film directed by Costa-Gavras.", "Q156890": "Ernst Barlach (2 January 1870 in Wedel \u2013 24 October 1938 in Rostock) was a German expressionist sculptor, printmaker and writer. Although he was a supporter of the war in the years leading to World War I, his participation in the war made him change his position, and he is mostly known for his sculptures protesting against the war. This created many conflicts during the rise of the Nazi Party, when most of his works were confiscated as degenerate art.", "Q958769": "The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; Ukrainian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0456\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, Natsional\u2019na akademiya nauk Ukrayiny, abbr: NAN Ukraine) is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine that is the main center of development of science and technology by coordinating a system of research institutes in the country. It is the main research oriented organization along with the five other academies in Ukraine specialized in various scientific disciplines. NAS Ukraine consists of numerous departments, sections, research institutes, scientific centers and various other supporting scientific organizations.\nThe Academy reports on the annual basis to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The presidium of the academy is located at the following address vulytsia Volodymyrska, 57, across the street from the Building of Pedagogical Museum where used to preside the Central Council during the independence period of 1917-18.\nIn 1919\u20131991 it was a republican branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.", "Q97944": "Peter Capell (3 September 1912 \u2013 3 March 1986) was a German actor who was active on screen from 1945 until 1985. Apart from a lengthy film career, he appeared in many television series and mini-series. He appeared in many old time radio programs including the series Dimension X. \nHis first role was in Winterset, shortly after the end of the Second World War. His final role came a year before his death, when he appeared in Mamas Geburtstag. Both of these were television productions. He also appeared in many films, including Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971), in which he played the minor role of a \"tinker\" who spoke to Charlie Bucket (Peter Ostrum) at the gates of Willy Wonka's chocolate factory during the first few minutes of the film.", "Q86691": "Martin Graf (born 11 May 1960) is an Austrian politician. He is a member of the Freedom Party of Austria and former third president of the Austrian Parliament.\n\n", "Q24230": "Steven McCarty Palazzo (born February 21, 1970) is an American politician who has been the U.S. Representative for Mississippi's 4th congressional district since 2011. The district takes in Mississippi's Gulf Coast and includes Biloxi, Gulfport, Pascagoula, Laurel and Hattiesburg. Palazzo is a member of the Republican Party.\nHe defeated 10-term Democratic incumbent Gene Taylor with 52% to 47% of the vote in the 2010 mid-term election. Previously, he served in the Mississippi House of Representatives, having represented District 116 from 2006 to 2011. Palazzo again narrowly defeated Taylor in the June 2014 Republican primary election. Taylor switched parties in a bid to return to his former House seat.\n\n", "Q157556": "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (released as The Boy in the Striped Pajamas in the United States) is a British 2008 historical tragedy film set in World War II, based on John Boyne's 2006 novel of the same name. Written and directed by Mark Herman, produced by BBC Films and Heyday Films, and distributed by Miramax, the film stars Jack Scanlon in the title role. It was released on 12 September 2008 in the United Kingdom.\nThe Holocaust drama relates the horror of a Nazi extermination camp through the eyes of two 8-year-old boys; Bruno (Asa Butterfield), the son of the camp's Nazi commandant, and Shmuel (Jack Scanlon), a Jewish inmate.\nThe film has drawn criticism from some Holocaust educators for its factual inaccuracy.", "Q431356": "Charles Lewis Napier (April 12, 1936 \u2013 October 5, 2011) was an American character actor in film and television known for his prolific career playing memorable supporting and leading roles in genre cinema, often in the role of a police officer, soldier, or authority figure. After leaving his Kentucky hometown to serve in the army, he graduated from college and worked as a sports coach and art teacher before settling on acting as a career. Napier established himself in character roles and worked steadily for the next 35 years. He made numerous collaborations with director Jonathan Demme, including roles in the critically acclaimed drama Philadelphia, comedy Married to the Mob, historical horror-drama Beloved, the political-thriller remake The Manchurian Candidate, and the Best Picture-winning psychological horror film adaptation The Silence of the Lambs.\nOther notable roles include the short-tempered country singer Tucker McElroy in The Blues Brothers, gruff army Commander Gilmour in Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery, and bureaucratic CIA officer Marshall Murdock in Rambo: First Blood Part II. He also had numerous voiceover roles in television, most notably the character of Duke Phillips on the prime time animated sitcom The Critic and Agent Zed on Men in Black: The Series.", "Q272020": "Jennifer Anne Lien (born August 24, 1974) is an American actress, best known for playing the alien Kes on the television series Star Trek: Voyager.", "Q427534": "The Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell is a 1955 American CinemaScope film in Warnercolor, directed by Otto Preminger, and starring Gary Cooper and co-starring Charles Bickford, Ralph Bellamy, Rod Steiger, and Elizabeth Montgomery in her film debut. The film is based on the notorious court-martial of General Billy Mitchell, who is considered the founder of the U.S. Air Force. \n\n", "Q1028839": "Werner L\u00fcdi (April 22, 1936 in Poschiavo, Graub\u00fcnden \u2013 June 21, 2000 in Zurich) was a Swiss jazz musician (alto- and baritone saxophone) and author.", "Q956744": "Jamal Al-Atassi (1922\u22122000) (Arabic: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u200e) was a Syrian Arab nationalist, politician and author. He was one of the earliest ideologues of the nascent Syrian Ba'ath Party, which he joined soon after it was founded. He helped to lay out its constitution and was the man who came up with the party's motto, \"One united Arab Nation with an eternal Message.\" He also served as chief editor of the party's daily newspaper, Al Baath.", "Q149768": "Saad Eddin Ibrahim (Egyptian Arabic: \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u200e, IPA: [\u02c8s\u00e6\u0295d ed\u02c8di\u02d0n eb\u027e\u02e4\u0251\u02c8hi\u02d0m]) (born 31 December 1938) is an Egyptian sociologist and author. He is one of Egypt's leading human rights and democracy activists, and a strong critic of former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak.", "Q138191": "Christopher Edwin Niosi (born December 31, 1988), also known by his alias Kirbopher, is an American animator, producer and voice actor. \nHis voice-work includes Arataka Reigen in Mob Psycho 100, Dezel in Tales of Zestiria, Khoury and others in the Pok\u00e9mon series, Ernesto and others in OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes, Pegasus in the Viz Media dub of Sailor Moon and Therion and Mattias in Octopath Traveler.", "Q1686621": "Jekyll is a British television drama serial produced by Hartswood Films and Stagescreen Productions for BBC One. The series also received funding from BBC America. Steven Moffat wrote all six episodes, with Douglas Mackinnon and Matt Lipsey each directing three episodes.\nThe series is described by its creators as a sequel to the novella Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, rather than an adaptation of it, with the Robert Louis Stevenson tale serving as a backstory within the series. It stars James Nesbitt as Tom Jackman, a modern-day descendant of Dr. Jekyll, who has recently begun transforming into a version of Mr. Hyde (also played by Nesbitt). Jackman is aided by psychiatric nurse Katherine Reimer, played by Michelle Ryan. Gina Bellman also appears as Claire, Tom's wife.\nFilming took place at various locations around southern England in late 2006. The series was first transmitted on BBC One in June and July 2007, receiving mainly positive reviews.", "Q232404": "Asta Sofie Amalie Nielsen (11 September 1881 \u2013 24 May 1972) was a Danish silent film actress who was one of the most popular leading ladies of the 1910s and one of the first international movie stars. Seventy of Nielsen's 74 films were made in Germany where she was known simply as Die Asta (The Asta).\nNoted for her large dark eyes, mask-like face and boyish figure, Nielsen most often portrayed strong-willed passionate women trapped by tragic circumstances. Due to the erotic nature of her performances, Nielsen's films were censored in the United States, and her work remained relatively obscure to American audiences. She is credited with transforming movie acting from overt theatricality to a more subtle naturalistic style.Nielsen founded her own film studio in Berlin during the 1920s, but returned to Denmark in 1937 after the rise of Nazism in Germany. A private figure in her later years, Nielsen became a collage artist and an author.", "Q601239": "Antoine Roundtree (born March 27, 1975), better known by his stage name Skee-Lo, is an American rapper. He is best known for his 1995 song, \"I Wish\", which became a hit in several countries and reached No. 13 on the Billboard Hot 100. He is considered to have been a one-hit wonder.His first single \"I Wish\" became a hit on radio and TV during the summer of 1995 with a number one MTV video directed by Marty Thomas that won many nominations and wins from VMA Awards worldwide. The song was well known for its lack of explicit lyrics at a time when gangsta rap was very popular. His debut album of the same title was released shortly thereafter, earning him two Grammy nominations for both the album and single. Afterwards he stopped his rapping career before coming back to release a new album in 2000 and another in 2012. He has been living in Los Angeles since 1990 and is married to his wife, Stacy, and has two children.\n\n", "Q64614": "Sachseln is a village and municipality in the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland. Besides the village of Sachseln, the municipality includes the hamlets of Edisried, Ewil and Fl\u00fceli-Ranft.", "Q86685": "Reginald Le Borg (11 December 1902 \u2013 25 March 1989) was an Austrian film director. He was born in Vienna, Austria with the surname Groebel and directed 68 films between 1936 and 1974.\nAlthough he worked in a variety of genres, he is perhaps best remembered today for the series of low-budget horror films he made at Universal Studios in the 1940s. His most expensive and also most successful film was San Diego, I Love You (1944) featuring Buster Keaton in a supporting role.\nA banker in Vienna, he came to the United States as a visitor in 1928, 1929 and 1930, according to New York steamship passenger manifests. He was recorded as Harry Reginald Groebel. He emigrated permanently in 1931. In his naturalization petition in 1937, he changed his name legally from Harry Groebel to Reginald Le Borg\nLe Borg died in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack.", "Q129088": "'Tis Pity She's a Whore (Italian: Addio fratello crudele, lit. 'Goodbye Cruel Brother') also known as Peccato che sia una puttana is a 1971 Italian romance-drama film co-written and directed by Giuseppe Patroni Griffi and starring Charlotte Rampling, Oliver Tobias and Fabio Testi. It is based on the tragedy with the same name written by John Ford (1586 \u2013 c. 1639). The music was composed by Ennio Morricone.", "Q272034": "Taryn Thomas (born May 27, 1983) is an American pornographic actress, director, men's club feature dancer, and model.", "Q33758": "Marcel Jacques Amand Romain Boulenger (Paris, 9 September 1873 \u2013 Chantilly, Oise, 21 May 1932) was a French novelist and fencer who competed in fencing in the late 19th century and early 20th century.", "Q147989": "Joaqu\u00edn Antonio Balaguer Ricardo (1 September 1906 \u2013 14 July 2002) was the President of the Dominican Republic who served three non-consecutive terms for that office from 1960 to 1962, 1966 to 1978, and 1986 to 1996.\nHis enigmatic, secretive personality inherited from the Trujillo era, as well as his desire to perpetuate himself in power through dubious elections and state terrorism, earned him the nickname of caudillo. His regime of terror damaged 11,000 victims who were either tortured or forcibly disappeared and killed.", "Q232410": "Marsha Lisa Thomason (born 19 January 1976) is an English television and film actress who is best known for playing Sarah Evers in Disney's the Haunted Mansion, Nessa Holt in the first two seasons of the NBC series Las Vegas, Naomi Dorrit on the ABC series Lost, and FBI agent Diana Berrigan on the USA Network series White Collar.", "Q138185": "Paul Myners, Baron Myners, CBE (born 1 April 1948) is a British businessman and politician. He was the Financial Services Secretary (sometimes referred to as City Minister) in HM Treasury, the UK's finance ministry, during the Labour Government of Gordon Brown. He held the position from October 2008 until May 2010, and was made a life peer in consequence of his appointment, as he was not an elected Member of Parliament. He also served on the Prime Minister's National Economic Council. He now sits as a crossbencher in the House of Lords.\nMyners has worked in the financial sector since 1974. He has also held a number of third sector posts, including chairman of the trustees of the Tate and chairman of the Low Pay Commission. Immediately prior to his ministerial appointment he was chairman of the Guardian Media Group, publisher of The Guardian and The Observer newspapers, and chairman of Land Securities, the largest quoted property company in Europe at that time. He is a former chairman of Marks & Spencer and deputy chairman of PowerGen.", "Q64600": "Johann Bauschinger (11 June 1834, in Nuremberg \u2013 25 November 1893, in Munich) was a mathematician, builder, and professor of Engineering Mechanics at Munich Polytechnic from 1868 until his death. The Bauschinger effect in materials science is named after him. He was also the father of astronomer Julius Bauschinger (1860\u20131934).", "Q353788": "Bernard John Taupin (born 22 May 1950) is an English lyricist, poet, singer and artist. He is best known for his long-term collaboration with Elton John, having written the lyrics for most of John's songs.\nIn 1967, Taupin answered an advertisement placed in the UK music paper New Musical Express by Liberty Records, a company that was seeking new songwriters. John responded to the same advertisement and they were brought together, collaborating on many projects since. Taupin and John were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1992.", "Q165296": "Wendi Anne McLendon-Covey (n\u00e9e McLendon; born October 10, 1969) is an American actress and comedian, known primarily for her work in comedic and improvisational roles and the character Beverly Goldberg, a family matriarch, on the ABC comedy series The Goldbergs, for which she was nominated for two Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series.\nA native of Long Beach, California, McLendon-Covey worked numerous jobs after graduating high school before earning a degree from California State University in 2000. After graduating, she became a member of The Groundlings, an improvisational comedy group in Los Angeles, and remained a member until 2009. She began her acting career while still a member of the Groundlings, starring in the improvisational Comedy Central series Reno 911!, as Deputy Clementine Johnson from 2003\u201308. She also had the lead role in the Lifetime short-lived comedy Lovespring International (2006), as well as minor roles in Bewitched (2005) and Over Her Dead Body (2008). From 2010 to 2013, she had a recurring role on CBS sitcom Rules of Engagement.\nAfter a breakout performance in the 2011 comedy film Bridesmaids, McLendon-Covey has appeared in a number of films, including What to Expect When You're Expecting (2012), The Single Moms Club (2014), Blended (2014), Think Like a Man Too (2014), Hello, My Name Is Doris (2015), Goosebumps 2: Haunted Halloween (2018), and What Men Want (2019). In 2019, after years in comedy roles, she played a leading role in the independent drama film Blush.", "Q36620": "Tycho Brahe ( TY-koh BRAH(-hee) -\u2060 BRAH-(h)\u0259; born Tyge Ottesen Brahe; 14 December 1546 \u2013 24 October 1601) was a Danish nobleman, astronomer, and writer known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical observations. He was born in the then Danish peninsula of Scania. Tycho was well known in his lifetime as an astronomer, astrologer, and alchemist. He has been described as \"the first competent mind in modern astronomy to feel ardently the passion for exact empirical facts\". Most of his observations were more accurate than the best available observations at the time.\nAn heir to several of Denmark's principal noble families, Tycho received a comprehensive education. He took an interest in astronomy and in the creation of more accurate instruments of measurement. As an astronomer, Tycho worked to combine what he saw as the geometrical benefits of the Copernican system with the philosophical benefits of the Ptolemaic system into his own model of the universe, the Tychonic system. His system correctly saw the Moon as orbiting Earth, and the planets as orbiting the Sun, but erroneously considered the Sun to be orbiting the Earth. Furthermore, he was the last of the major naked-eye astronomers, working without telescopes for his observations. In his De nova stella (On the New Star) of 1573, he refuted the Aristotelian belief in an unchanging celestial realm. His precise measurements indicated that \"new stars\" (stellae novae, now known as supernovae), in particular that of 1572, lacked the parallax expected in sublunar phenomena and were therefore not tailless comets in the atmosphere as previously believed but were above the atmosphere and beyond the Moon. Using similar measurements, he showed that comets were also not atmospheric phenomena, as previously thought, and must pass through the supposedly immutable celestial spheres.\nKing Frederick II granted Tycho an estate on the island of Hven and the funding to build Uraniborg, an early research institute, where he built large astronomical instruments and took many careful measurements, and later Stjerneborg, underground, when he discovered that his instruments in Uraniborg were not sufficiently steady. On the island (where he behaved autocratically toward the residents) he founded manufactories, such as a paper mill, to provide material for printing his results. After disagreements with the new Danish king, Christian IV, in 1597, Tycho went into exile. He was invited by the Bohemian king and Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II to Prague, where he became the official imperial astronomer. He built an observatory at Ben\u00e1tky nad Jizerou. There, from 1600 until his death in 1601, he was assisted by Johannes Kepler, who later used Tycho's astronomical data to develop his three laws of planetary motion.\nTycho's body has been exhumed twice, in 1901 and 2010, to examine the circumstances of his death and to identify the material from which his artificial nose was made. The conclusion was that his death was likely caused by a burst bladder, and not by poisoning, as had been suggested, and that the artificial nose was more likely made of brass than silver or gold, as some had believed in his time.", "Q70675": "Pompaples is a municipality in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Morges.", "Q181662": "Bernard Mannes Baruch (; August 19, 1870 \u2013 June 20, 1965) was an American financier, stock investor, philanthropist, statesman, and political consultant. After his success in business, he devoted his time toward advising U.S. Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt on economic matters, and became a philanthropist.", "Q92828": "Charles Patrick \"Chuck\" Thacker (February 26, 1943 \u2013 June 12, 2017) was an American pioneer computer designer. He worked on the Xerox Alto, which is the first computer that used a mouse-driven Graphical User Interface.", "Q175085": "Hazel Hempel Abel (July 10, 1888 \u2013 July 30, 1966) was an American educator and politician in the U.S. state of Nebraska, who served as a member of the United States Senate for fifty-four days in 1954. She was the first woman elected to the Senate from Nebraska, and she remains the shortest-serving senator from Nebraska.", "Q246391": "REC 3: Genesis (stylised as [\u2022REC]\u00b3: G\u00e9nesis) is a 2012 Spanish action horror film directed by Paco Plaza. This film is the third installment of the REC series. It is a parallel sequel to the first two films, taking place before, during and after the films. It was released in cinemas in Spain on 30 March 2012. with more international premiere dates that followed. The world premiere took place in Paris at the Grand Rex on 7 March, followed by midnight screenings at the South By Southwest Film Festival on 9 March. In the U.S., it was released via video on demand on 3 August and was released theatrically on 7 September 2012 in select cities. Sony Entertainment released the DVD on 6 November 2012.\nIt begins in the series' trademark found footage format but switches to traditional cinematography early on.\nThe film was followed by a fourth installment, REC 4: Apocalypse, in October 2014.", "Q1213817": "The Kennedys is a Canadian-American television miniseries chronicling the lives of the famous political Kennedy family, including key triumphs and tragedies it has experienced. It stars Greg Kinnear, Barry Pepper, Katie Holmes, and Tom Wilkinson among others, and is directed by Jon Cassar. The series premiered in the United States in April 2011 on the ReelzChannel and on History Television in Canada.", "Q521623": "P\u00e4r Ola Rapace (Swedish: [\u02c8\u00fb\u02d0la ra\u02c8pas\u02d0]; n\u00e9 Norell; born 3 December 1971) is a Swedish actor.", "Q66017": "L\u00fctschental is a village and a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q352496": "Masaru Ibuka (\u4e95\u6df1 \u5927 Ibuka Masaru; 11 April 1908 \u2013 19 December 1997) was a Japanese electronics industrialist and co-founder of Sony.", "Q153724": "Ernest M\u00fchlen (8 June 1926 \u2013 19 March 2014) was a Luxembourgish politician for the Christian Social People's Party, economist and financial journalist. He won a place on Luxembourg City's communal council in 1973. He was a government minister under Pierre Werner, in the early 1980s, before sitting in the European Parliament as one of Luxembourg's six MEPs from 1984 until 1989. M\u00fchlen followed this by sitting in the Chamber of Deputies (1989\u20131991), and by representing Luxembourg at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (1991\u20131996).", "Q884164": "Simeon \"Blind Simmie\" Dooley (July 3, 1881 \u2013 January 17, 1961) was an American country blues singer and guitarist.", "Q435124": "Alexander Borisovich Godunov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432; November 28, 1949 \u2013 May 18, 1995) was a Russian-American ballet dancer and film actor. He was a member of the Bolshoi Ballet and became the troupe's Premier danseur. In 1979, he defected to the United States. Soviet overseers for the troupe immediately put his wife on a flight back to the Soviet Union. Initially the United States did not allow the flight to leave, resulting in a diplomatic incident between the two nations.", "Q69324": "Signy-Avenex is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q115771": "Max L\u00fcscher (September 9, 1923 \u2013 February 2, 2017) was a Swiss psychotherapist known for inventing the L\u00fcscher color test, a tool for measuring an individual's psychophysical state based on his or her color preferences. Besides research, teaching and practicing psychotherapy in Basel, L\u00fcscher worked for international companies, amongst other things giving color advice. His book The L\u00fcscher Test has been translated into more than 30 languages.", "Q323509": "C\u00e1ndido Fabr\u00e9 (born in San Luis, Santiago de Cuba) is a Cuban musician, song writer, and singer, famous for his art of improvisation.", "Q188646": "Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (3 November 39 AD \u2013 30 April 65 AD), better known in English as Lucan (), was a Roman poet, born in Corduba (modern-day C\u00f3rdoba), in Hispania Baetica. He is regarded as one of the outstanding figures of the Imperial Latin period, known in particular for his epic Pharsalia. His youth and speed of composition set him apart from other poets.", "Q1382868": "Gevorg Gourgeni Dabaghyan (Armenian: \u0533\u0587\u0578\u0580\u0563 \u0534\u0561\u0562\u0561\u0572\u0575\u0561\u0576; b.1965) is an Armenian duduk player of liturgical and folk music, born in Yerevan. In 1991 he founded the Shoghaken Folk Ensemble, a group of Armenian folk musicians and singers who specialize in traditional Armenian music.He was part of Yo-Yo Ma's Silk Road Project in 2005 and appears on the Silk Road Journeys: Beyond the Horizon, a 2005 album by Yo-Yo Ma and the Silk Road Ensemble.", "Q867599": "Kourosh Yaghmaei (Persian: \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u06cc\u063a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200e also spelled as Kourosh Yaghmaee, born 3 December 1946) is an Iranian singer, songwriter, composer and record producer, who started his career in the early 1970s. Regarded as one of the greatest Persian psychedelic rock musicians in the history of Iranian rock music, he is known as \"the Godfather of Iranian psychedelic rock\", as well as the \"king of rock\".Born in 1946 in Shahrud to Parsi parents, letter grew up in Tehran, most of his songs also a combination of Persian classical poems, his own lyrics, and contemporary poems. His styles of music come from a mix between Persian traditional music and the protein 1970s rock influenced by such as Led Zeppelin and Pink Floyd. His has significant styles in blues and rock as well as Iranian folk music. He is best known internationally for his unique presentation of the early Iranian rock throughout the 1970s. He began his solo career in 1973 with his first single \"Gol-e Yakh\" (\"Ice Flower\") was a huge success over 5 million copies sold in the domestic market. Later including this song he started solo career with the album Gol-e Yakh (1973). Several of his songs are well known by the Iranian diaspora and his hit singles such as \"Gol-e Yakh\", \"Havar Havar\" (\"Shout Shout\"), \"Khaar\" (\"Thistle\"), \"Leila\", \"Paiz\" (\"Autumn\"), \"Reyhan\" etc. In 2011, his first compilation album Back From the Brink: Pre-Revolution Psychedelic Rock From Iran: 1973-1979 was released by Now-Again Records. Vogue described Yaghmei as \"psyche singer, stylish, moustached and funky\". He was banned for 17 years since 1979.", "Q69442": "Astrid Huberta Isolde Marie Luise Hildegard Proll (born 29 May 1947) was an early member of the Red Army Faction (Baader-Meinhof Gang).", "Q241398": "Andrea Rita Dworkin (September 26, 1946 - April 9, 2005) was a US radical feminist philosopher, activist, and writer. She is best known for her analysis of pornography, although her feminist writings, beginning in 1974, span 40 years. They are found in a dozen solo works: nine books of non-fiction, two novels, and a collection of short stories. Another three volumes were co-written or co-edited with US Constitutional law professor and feminist activist, Catharine A. MacKinnon. \nThe central theme of Dworkin's work is re-evaluating Western society, culture, and politics. She does this through the prism of men's sexual violence against women in a patriarchal context. She wrote on a wide range of topics including the lives of Joan of Arc, Margaret Papandreou, and Nicole Brown Simpson; she analyzed the literature of Charlotte Bront\u00eb, Jean Rhys, Leo Tolstoy, K\u014db\u014d Abe, Tennessee Williams, James Baldwin, and Isaac Bashevis Singer; she brought her own radical feminist perspective to her examination of subjects historically written or described from men's point of view, including fairy tales, homosexuality, lesbianism, virginity, antisemitism, the State of Israel, HaShoah, biological superiority, and racism. She interrogated premises underlying concepts such freedom of the press and civil liberties. She theorized the sexual politics of intelligence, fear, courage, and integrity. She described a male supremacist political ideology manifesting in and constituted by rape, battery, prostitution, and pornography.While alive, two books were written with consideration and analysis of the body of her work. Andrea Dworkin, by Jeremy Mark Robinson, first published in 1994, and Without Apology: Andrea Dworkin's Art and Politics, by Cindy Jenefsky in 1998. Following Andrea's death, several works by or about her have been released. A play, Aftermath, was produced in 2015 by John Stoltenberg after he found unpublished writing of hers that he edited for the stage. An anthology of her work, Last Days at Hot Slit, was published in 2019. In 2020, a documentary feature about her by filmmaker Pratibha Parmar will be released, and a biography of her life by Martin Duberman will be published.\n\n", "Q1086308": "Christophe Desjardins (24 April 1962 \u2013 13 February 2020) was a French violist and specialist in contemporary music.\n\n", "Q59581": "Ren\u00e9 Depestre (born 29 August 1926 Jacmel, Haiti) is a Haitian poet and former communist activist. He is considered to be one of the most prominent figures in Haitian literature. He lived in Cuba as an exile from the Duvalier regime for many years and was a founder of the Casa de las Americas publishing house. He is best known for his poetry.", "Q1235608": "Paris Diderot University, also known as Paris 7 (French: Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot (Paris 7)), was a French university located in Paris, France. It was one of the seven universities of the Paris public higher education academy. The university was a member of the Sorbonne Paris University Group since March 31st, 2010. It merged with the Paris Descartes University in 2019, gaining its new appellation, the University of Paris. \nIt was one of the heirs of the old University of Paris, which ceased to exist in 1970. Professors from the faculties of Science, of Medicine and of Humanities chose then to create a new multidisciplinary university. It adopted its current name in 1994 after the 18th-century French philosopher, art critic and writer Denis Diderot.\nWith two Nobel Prize laureates, two Fields Medal winners and two former French Ministers of Education among its faculty or former faculty, the university is famous for its teaching in science, especially in mathematics. Indeed, many fundamental results of the theory of probability have been discovered at one of its research centres, the Laboratoire de Probabilit\u00e9s et Mod\u00e8les Al\u00e9atoires (Laboratory of Probability and Random Models). The university is also known for its teaching in psychology, which adopts a specific approach that draws from both psychopathology and psychoanalysis.\nThe university also hosts many other disciplines: currently, with 2,300 educators and researchers, 1,100 administrative personnel and 26,000 students studying humanities, science or medicine.Paris Diderot University is a founding member of the higher education and research alliance Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, a public institution for scientific co-operation, bringing together four renowned Parisian universities and four higher education and research institutes.Formerly based at the Jussieu Campus, in the 5th arrondissement, the university moved to a new campus in the 13th arrondissement, in the Paris Rive Gauche neighbourhood. The first buildings were brought into use in 2006. The university has many facilities in Paris and two in other places of the general area. In 2012, the university completed its move in its new ultramodern campus.\n\n", "Q5363813": "Elizabeth of Hungary (Hungarian: Erzs\u00e9bet magyar hercegn\u0151, Polish: El\u017cbieta w\u0119gierska; c.\u20091128 \u2013 21 July 1154), was a Hungarian princess member of the House of \u00c1rp\u00e1d and by marriage Duchess of Greater Poland.\nShe was the eldest child of King B\u00e9la II of Hungary by his wife Helena, daughter of Duke Uro\u0161 I of Ra\u0161ka, Grand \u017dupan of Serbia. This parentage is confirmed in several web sources who followed the message of chronicler Jan D\u0142ugosz; however, modern historians led by Oswald Balzer refuted this theory on basis of chronological reasons: if Elizabeth's marriage date is correct, she must have been only between 8 and 9 years old, an age which seems extremely young for a bride, even by the standards of the Middle Ages. Balzer assumed that Elizabeth was a daughter of Prince \u00c1lmos, Duke of Croatia (father of King B\u00e9la II), a parentage which also is supported by further web sources. The disadvantage of this hypothesis are the message of medieval chronicles (for example, the Chronicon Polono-Silesiacum), who firmly established that Elizabeth was a daughter of the Hungarian King, a title \u00c1lmos never used because he was only a prince. Another theory was proposed by Kazimierz Jasi\u0144ski: in his opinion, Elizabeth was a daughter of King Stephen II. Although sources indicated that because of his dissolute lifestyle, Stephen II didn't have any surviving children, according to Jasi\u0144ski this messages are originated from a later period and don't deserve trust; also, it should be taken into account that frequently skipping for the chroniclers the birth of female offspring.", "Q433233": "Grethe S\u00f8nck (16 July 1929 \u2013 12 February 2010)was a Danish actress and singer.\nShe was born as Grethe Ingeborg Nielsen Hald in Hjerm, near Struer, but she changed her surname to S\u00f8nck in 1968. In 1946, she won a talent contest, and in 1947, she became a singer at the Restaurant Sommerlyst at Dyrehavsbakken. As a revue actress, she started in Cirkusrevyen at Dyrehavsbakken in 1962, and later came to Nyk\u00f8bing Falster Revue.", "Q270145": "The National University of San Marcos (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, UNMSM) is a public research university in Lima, capital of Peru. Also known as the \"University of Peru\" and the \"Dean University of the Americas\", it is the first officially established (privilege by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) and the longest continuously operating university in the Americas. Since its foundation, it was commonly referred as the \"Royal and Pontifical University of the City of the Kings of Lima\" until the Viceroyalty period and as of now, it is referred to as Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos or La Decana de Am\u00e9rica.\nIt is widely regarded as an influential institution of higher-education in the country. It consistently ranks among the top two universities in the country. Its main campus, the University City, is located in Lima. It was chartered on May 12, 1551, by a royal decree signed by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, which makes it the oldest officially established university in the Americas.\nSan Marcos has 66 academic-professional schools, organized into 20 faculties, and 6 academic areas. All of the faculties offer undergraduate and graduate degrees. The student body consists of over 30,000 undergraduate and 4,000 graduate students from all the country, as well as some international students. The university has a number of public institutions under its government such as the San Marcos Cultural Center and the Museum of Natural History of Lima.\nIt is also the only university in Peru with a Nobel Prize laureate among its alumni: Mario Vargas Llosa (Literature). San Marcos is also recognized for the quality of its curricular contents, a competitive admissions process, as well as for being a center of scientific research. Several Peruvian and Latin American influential thinkers, researchers, scientists, politicians and writers have studied there, which underscores San Marcos' leading role as an educational institution in the history of Peru and the world.", "Q903779": "The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was a pluricontinental monarchy formed by the elevation of the Portuguese colony named State of Brazil to the status of a kingdom and by the simultaneous union of that Kingdom of Brazil with the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of the Algarves, constituting a single state consisting of three kingdoms.\nThe United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed in 1815, following the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil during the Napoleonic invasions of Portugal, and it continued to exist for about one year after the return of the Court to Europe, being de facto dissolved in 1822, when Brazil proclaimed its independence. The dissolution of the United Kingdom was accepted by Portugal and formalized de jure in 1825, when Portugal recognized the independent Empire of Brazil.\nDuring its period of existence the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves did not correspond to the whole of the Portuguese Empire: rather, the united kingdom was the transatlantic metropolis that controlled the Portuguese colonial empire, with its overseas possessions in Africa and Asia.\nThus, from the point of view of Brazil, the elevation to the rank of a kingdom and the creation of the United Kingdom represented a change in status, from that of a colony to that of an equal member of a political union. In the wake of the Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Portugal, attempts to compromise the autonomy and even the unity of Brazil, led to the breakdown of the union.", "Q239223": "Kaylee Anne DeFer (born September 23, 1986) is an American former actress. She is known for her portrayals of Hillary Gold in The War at Home, and of Ivy Dickens in Gossip Girl.", "Q278519": "Scott Douglas MacIntyre (born June 22, 1985) is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist, and the eighth place finalist on the eighth season of American Idol. MacIntyre is visually impaired, and while not completely blind, he suffers from tunnel vision and has only a two-percent field of vision, both due to Leber's congenital amaurosis.", "Q16296": "Sir Patrick Stewart (born 13 July 1940) is an English actor, director and producer whose work has included roles on stage, television and film, in a career spanning six decades. He has been nominated for Olivier, Golden Globe, Emmy, Screen Actors Guild, and Saturn Awards.\nBeginning his career with a long run with the Royal Shakespeare Company, Stewart received the 1979 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his performance in Antony and Cleopatra in the West End. Stewart's first major screen roles were in BBC-broadcast television productions during the mid-late 1970s, including Hedda, and the I, Claudius miniseries.\nFrom the 1980s onward, Stewart began working in American television and film, with prominent leading roles such as Captain Jean-Luc Picard in Star Trek: The Next Generation, its subsequent films, and 2020's Star Trek: Picard; as Professor Charles Xavier in the X-Men series of superhero films; the lead of the Starz TV series Blunt Talk; and voice roles such as CIA Deputy Director Avery Bullock in American Dad! and the narrator in Ted. Having remained with the Royal Shakespeare Company, in 2008 Stewart played King Claudius in Hamlet in the West End and won a second Olivier Award.\nIn 1993, TV Guide named Stewart the Best Dramatic Television Actor of the 1980s. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on 16 December 1996. In 2010, Stewart was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for services to drama.", "Q70113": "Hans Bl\u00fcher (17 February 1888 in Freiburg in Schlesien - 4 February 1955 in Berlin) was a German writer and philosopher. He attained prominence as an early member and \"first historian\" of the Wandervogel movement. He was aided by his taboo breaking rebellion against schools and the Church. He was received with some genuine interest but sometimes perceived as scandalous.\nHis comments on the homosexual aspects of the Wandervogel movement and the role homoeroticism and male bonding played in the creation of European culture and institutions were fiercely combated. Bl\u00fcher supported these with a theory of the M\u00e4nnerbund.\nDuring the transition from the German Empire to the Weimar liberal democracy, Bl\u00fcher, a radical conservative and monarchist, became a staunch opponent of the Weimar Republic. In 1928, he had the opportunity to meet the former Kaiser Wilhelm II, in exile in the Netherlands. Bl\u00fcher believed that pederasty and male bonding provided a basis for a stronger nation and state, which became a popular concept within certain segments of the Hitler Youth. Bl\u00fcher later supported the Nazis but turned on them in 1934, when SA leader Ernst R\u00f6hm was murdered on Hitler's orders during the Night of the Long Knives.\nSince 1924, Bl\u00fcher, who had married a doctor and had two children, had worked as a freelance writer and practicing psychologist in Berlin-Hermsdorf. He worked there, after his retirement from public life during the Nazi period, on his major philosophical work of 1949, Die Achse der Natur.", "Q90781": "Karin Struck (14 May 1947, Gro\u00df Kiesow \u2013 6 February 2006) was a German author. She won the \"Rauriser Literature Prize\" and the \"Andreas Gryphius Prize.\" She had generally been seen as a writer of women's literature and to the Left. However, in 1991 and 1992 she expressed her opposition to abortion and regret at having had one. She has been described by one feminist source as \"one of the most outspoken female writers who openly opposes abortion.\" In 1996 she converted to the Roman Catholic Church.", "Q232376": "Anna May Wong (born Wong Liu Tsong; January 3, 1905 \u2013 February 3, 1961) was an American actress, considered to be the first Chinese American Hollywood movie star, as well as the first Chinese American actress to gain international recognition. Her varied career spanned silent film, sound film, television, stage, and radio.\nBorn in Los Angeles to second-generation Toisonese Chinese-American parents, Wong became infatuated with the movies and began acting in films at an early age. During the silent film era, she acted in The Toll of the Sea (1922), one of the first movies made in color, and in Douglas Fairbanks' The Thief of Bagdad (1924). Wong became a fashion icon and had achieved international stardom in 1924. Frustrated by the stereotypical supporting roles she reluctantly played in Hollywood, Wong left for Europe in the late 1920s, where she starred in several notable plays and films, among them Piccadilly (1929). She spent the first half of the 1930s traveling between the United States and Europe for film and stage work. Wong was featured in films of the early sound era, such as Daughter of the Dragon (1931), Daughter of Shanghai (1937), and with Marlene Dietrich in Josef von Sternberg's Shanghai Express (1932).In 1935, Wong was dealt the most severe disappointment of her career, when Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer refused to consider her for the leading role of the Chinese character O-Lan in the film version of Pearl S. Buck's The Good Earth, choosing instead the white actress Luise Rainer to play the leading role. Wong spent the next year touring China, visiting her family's ancestral village and studying Chinese culture. In the late 1930s, she starred in several B movies for Paramount Pictures, portraying Chinese and Chinese Americans in a positive light. She paid less attention to her film career during World War II, when she devoted her time and money to help the Chinese cause against Japan. Wong returned to the public eye in the 1950s in several television appearances.\nIn 1951, Wong made history with her television show The Gallery of Madame Liu-Tsong, the first-ever U.S. television show starring an Asian American series lead. She had been planning to return to film in Flower Drum Song when she died in 1961, at the age of 56, from a heart attack. For decades after her death, Wong was remembered principally for the stereotypical \"Dragon Lady\" and demure \"Butterfly\" roles that she was often given. Her life and career were re-evaluated in the years around the centennial of her birth, in three major literary works and film retrospectives.", "Q438366": "Rozonda Ocielian Thomas (born February 27, 1971), known professionally as Chilli, is an American singer-songwriter, dancer, actress, television personality and model who rose to fame in the early 1990s as a member of group TLC, one of the best-selling girl groups of the late 20th century.", "Q339551": "Peter Segal (born 1962) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. Segal has directed the comedic films Tommy Boy (1995), My Fellow Americans (1996), The Nutty Professor II: The Klumps (2000), Anger Management (2003), 50 First Dates (2004), The Longest Yard (2005), Get Smart (2008), and Grudge Match (2013).", "Q2267378": "Jean-Baptiste R\u00e9veillon, (Paris, 1725 \u2013 Paris, 1811) was a French wallpaper manufacturer. His career was an exemplary story of the self-made businessman in the Ancien R\u00e9gime.", "Q5158829": "Concord is an independent music company based in Beverly Hills, California, with worldwide (including the U.S.) distribution through Universal Music Group. The company is specialized in recordings (Concord Records, Fantasy Records, Rounder Records, Telarc Records, Loma Vista Recordings) and music publishing (Boosey & Hawkes, Imagem, Zomba, Harrisongs).\nConcord's catalog consists of over 16,000 albums and 390,000 compositions. Concord owns the rights to 273 Grammy-winning albums, and over 400 certifications across 215 titles by the RIAA.", "Q63609": "Ernst Wilhelm Friedrich Carl Maximilian, 7th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (13 September 1863 \u2013 11 December 1950), was a German aristocrat and Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. He served as the Regent of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha during the minority of his wife\u2019s cousin, Duke Charles Edward, from 1900 to 1905.", "Q326471": "This article refers to the musician. For the district attorney of Travis County, Texas, see Ronnie Earle.Ronnie Earl (born Ronald Horvath, March 10, 1953, Queens, New York, United States) is an American blues guitarist and music instructor.", "Q4534839": "The Faculty of Law at Saint Petersburg State University is the oldest law school and one of the biggest research centers in Russia.", "Q2718029": "Hydra Head Records is an independent record label that specializes in extreme metal music, founded in New Mexico by Aaron Turner (the frontman of Isis) in 1993. It has another imprint, Hydra Head Noise Industries, which specializes in experimental and noise music.\nHydra Head was founded in 1993 as a distribution company while Turner was still in high school. In 1995, he moved to Boston to attend art school. In late 1995, he was handed a demo by local band Vent. That seven-inch single would be the first record released on Hydra Head. The label grew to accommodate local bands such as Roswell, Corrin, Piebald, and Converge, and after Turner graduated from college in 1999, it became a full-time endeavor. In 2011, Hydra Head relocated to Los Angeles, California, from its former home in Boston, Massachusetts.Some of the bands signed to the label include Cave In, Xasthur, Kayo Dot, Boris, and Jesu. Its discography includes Botch, Khanate, and Harkonen, who were all signed to Hydra Head prior to their respective disbandings.\nOn September 11, 2012, Turner announced the \"imminent demise of Hydra Head Records\", stating that Hydra Head would take its first steps into shutdown \"this December, at which point we are cutting off new releases from the label.\" The label would continue to stay operational, maintaining its back catalogue to pay off its \"rather sizeable debts.\" The label's final release of new material was Worship is the Cleansing of the Imagination, a split album between JK Flesh & Prurient.\nIn 2017, Hydra Head released Oxbow's Thin Black Duke, a long-germinating album that was slated to come out on Hydra Head and had been unable to find another label since Hydra Head's closure. Discussing the album, Turner appeared open to releasing more albums \"on a case-by-case basis\"", "Q513849": "Bess Flowers (November 23, 1898 \u2013 July 28, 1984) was an American actress best known for her work as an extra in hundreds of films. She was known as \"The Queen of the Hollywood Extras,\" appearing in more than 350 feature films and numerous comedy shorts in her 41-year career.", "Q183713": "Pierre Jules Th\u00e9ophile Gautier (French: [pj\u025b\u0281 \u0292yl teofil \u0261otje]; 30 August 1811 \u2013 23 October 1872) was a French poet, dramatist, novelist, journalist, and art and literary critic.\nWhile an ardent defender of Romanticism, Gautier's work is difficult to classify and remains a point of reference for many subsequent literary traditions such as Parnassianism, Symbolism, Decadence and Modernism. He was widely esteemed by writers as disparate as Balzac, Baudelaire, the Goncourt brothers, Flaubert, Pound, Eliot, James, Proust and Wilde.", "Q8825": "Gaius Cornelius Gallus (c. 70 BC \u2013 26 BC) was a Roman poet, orator and politician.", "Q65278": "Dorothee Steffensky-S\u00f6lle (n\u00e9e Nipperdey, 1929\u20132003), known as Dorothee S\u00f6lle, was a German liberation theologian who coined the term Christofascism. She was born in Cologne and died at a conference in G\u00f6ppingen.\n\n", "Q438831": "Deborah (Debbie) Cameron (born September 14, 1958 in Miami, Florida) is an American singer of Bahamian descent who has had a career in music in Denmark.Her career started in 1976, when she was awarded the prize \"Most promising student\" at the Music School at the University of Miami. In 1978, she went to Copenhagen, where her mother Etta already lived. She represented Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981, duetting with Tommy Seebach. They performed the song \"Kr\u00f8ller eller ej\" (Curls or not), finishing 11th with 41 points.", "Q967764": "Denis M\u00e9nochet (born 18 September 1976) is a French actor. M\u00e9nochet is known to international audiences for his role as Perrier LaPadite, a French dairy farmer interrogated by the Nazis for harboring Jews in the 2009 Quentin Tarantino film Inglourious Basterds.", "Q1430": "Marcus Aurelius ( or ; Latin: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus; 26 April 121 \u2013 17 March 180) was a Roman emperor from 161 to 180 and a Stoic philosopher. He was the last of the rulers known as the Five Good Emperors (a term coined some 13 centuries later by Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli), and the last emperor of the Pax Romana, an age of relative peace and stability for the Roman Empire. He served as Roman consul in 140, 145, and 161.\nMarcus was born during the reign of Emperor Hadrian to the emperor's nephew, the praetor Marcus Annius Verus (III), and his wife the heiress Domitia Lucilla. Following the death of his father, Marcus was raised by his mother and grandfather Marcus Annius Verus (II). After Hadrian's adoptive son, Aelius Caesar, died in 138, the emperor adopted Marcus' uncle Antoninus Pius as his new heir. In turn, Antoninus adopted Marcus and the son of Aelius, Lucius (later to rule as Emperor Lucius Verus alongside Marcus). Hadrian died that year and Antoninus became emperor. Now heir to the throne, Marcus studied Greek and Latin under tutors such as Herodes Atticus and Marcus Cornelius Fronto. He kept in close correspondence with Fronto for many years afterwards. Marcus married Antoninus' daughter Faustina in 145. Antoninus died following an illness in 161.\nThe reign of Marcus Aurelius was marked by military conflict. In the East, the Roman Empire fought successfully with a revitalized Parthian Empire and the rebel Kingdom of Armenia. Marcus defeated the Marcomanni, Quadi, and Sarmatian Iazyges in the Marcomannic Wars; however, these and other Germanic peoples began to represent a troubling reality for the Empire. He modified the silver purity of the Roman currency, the denarius. The persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire is believed to have increased during his reign. The Antonine Plague broke out in 165 or 166 and devastated the population of the Roman Empire, causing the deaths of five million people. Lucius Verus may have died from the plague in 169.\nUnlike some of his predecessors, Marcus chose not to adopt an heir. His children included Lucilla, who married Lucius, and Commodus, whose succession after Marcus has become a subject of debate among both contemporary and modern historians. The Column and Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius still stand in Rome, where they were erected in celebration of his military victories. Meditations, the writings of \"the philosopher\" \u2013 as contemporary biographers called Marcus, are a significant source of the modern understanding of ancient Stoic philosophy. They have been praised by fellow writers, philosophers, monarchs, and politicians centuries after his death.", "Q116091": "Franz Keller (1913 - 1991) was a Swiss psychologist, Christian pacifist and left-wing news editor (Zeitdienst).\nKeller got his Ph.D in 1938 at University of Bern with the work Eitelkeit und Wahn: Eitelkeit als Charakterschw\u00e4che und als Gr\u00f6ssen- und Verfolgungswahn; he was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland and of the Gesellschaft Schweiz-Russland, and published together with Theo Pinkus the \u201cindependent-socialist\u201d magazine Zeitdienst.\n\n", "Q167668": "Liep\u0101ja (pronounced [liepa\u02d0ja] (listen)) (see other names) is a city in western Latvia, located on the Baltic Sea. It is the largest city in the Kurzeme Region and the third largest city in the country after Riga and Daugavpils. It is an important ice-free port. In 2019 population of Liep\u0101ja is 68,945 people.\nIn the 19th and early 20th century it was a favourite place for sea-bathers with the town boasting a fine park and many pretty gardens, and a theatre. Liep\u0101ja is however known throughout Latvia as \"City where the wind is born\", likely because of the constant sea breeze. A song of the same name (Latvian: \"Pils\u0113t\u0101, kur\u0101 piedzimst v\u0113j\u0161\") was composed by Imants Kalni\u0146\u0161 and has become the anthem of the city. Its reputation as the windiest city in Latvia was strengthened with the construction of the largest wind farm in the nation (33 Enercon wind turbines) nearby.\nThe coat of arms of Liep\u0101ja was adopted four days after the jurisdiction gained city rights on 18 March 1625. These are described as: \"on a silver background, the lion of Courland with a divided tail, who leans upon a linden (Latvian: Liepa) tree with its forelegs\". The flag of Liep\u0101ja has the coat of arms in the center, with red in the top half and green in the bottom.One of the very few surviving films documenting the mass murder of Jews shot into pits at the first stages of the Holocaust is a short film by a German soldier who witnessed the massacre of Liep\u0101ja Jews in July 1941 near the lighthouse.", "Q74822": "Theodor Haecker (June 4, 1879 in Eberbach, Grand Duchy of Baden - April 9, 1945 in Ustersbach) was a German writer, translator and cultural critic.", "Q733062": "Therman \"Sonny\" Fisher (November 13, 1931 in Chandler, Texas \u2013 October 8, 2005 in Houston, Texas) was an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist.\nHe was inducted into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.", "Q73195": "Wolfgang Langhoff (6 October 1901 in Berlin, German Empire \u2013 26 August 1966 in Berlin, German Democratic Republic) was a German theatre, film and television actor and theatre director.", "Q2556103": "The Pashtuns (, or ; Pashto: \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200e, Pax\u030ct\u0101n\u0259), also Pukhtuns or Pushtuns, historically known as ethnic Afghans or Pathans, are an Iranic ethnic group native to South and Central Asia, who share a common history and culture. They primarily live in Afghanistan and Pakistan. A substantial majority of ethnic Pashtuns share Pashto\u2014an Eastern Iranic language in the Indo-European language family\u2014as the native language.Globally, the Pashtuns are estimated to number around 50 million, but an accurate count remains elusive due to the lack of an official census in Afghanistan since 1979. The majority of the Pashtuns live in the region regarded as Pashtunistan, which has been split between two countries since the Durand Line border was formed after the Second Anglo-Afghan War. The Pashtuns are a significant minority group in Pakistan, where they constitute the second-largest ethnic group or about 15 percent of the population. Smaller, but still significant Pashtun diaspora communities exist in Sindh and Punjab in Pakistan, especially in the cities of Karachi and Lahore, and in the Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, India. A recent Pashtun diaspora has also developed in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, primarily in the United Arab Emirates.\nAs the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan (anywhere between 42 and 60 percent of the population), Pashtuns have been the dominant ethno-linguistic group for over 300 years. During the Delhi Sultanate era, the 15th\u201316th century Lodi dynasty briefly replaced the preexisting rulers in North India until Babur completely deposed the Lodi dynasty. Other Pashtuns fought the Safavids and Mughals before obtaining an independent state in the early 18th century, which began with a successful revolution by Mirwais Hotak followed by conquests of Ahmad Shah Durrani. The Barakzai dynasty played a vital role during the Great Game from the 19th century to the 20th century as they were caught between the imperialist designs of the British and Russian empires.\nThe Pashtuns are the world's largest segmentary lineage ethnic group. Estimates of the number of Pashtun tribes and clans range from about 350 to over 400. Pashtuns are the 26th largest ethnic group in the world. There have been many notable Pashtun people throughout history: Ahmad Shah Durrani is regarded as the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan, while Bacha Khan was a Pashtun independence activist against the rule of the British Raj. Some others include Rashid Khan, Abdul Ahad Mohmand, Naghma and Ahmad Zahir, Imran Khan, Malala Yousafzai, Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Irrfan Khan.", "Q87772": "Sylvia L\u00f6hrmann (born 1 March 1957, Essen, Germany) is a German politician of the Green Party.", "Q157973": "Die Welle (The Wave) is a 2008 German socio-political thriller film directed by Dennis Gansel and starring J\u00fcrgen Vogel, Frederick Lau, Jennifer Ulrich and Max Riemelt in the leads. It is based on Ron Jones' social experiment The Third Wave and Todd Strasser's novel, The Wave. The film was produced by Christian Becker for Rat Pack Filmproduktion. It was successful in German cinemas, and after ten weeks, 2.3 million people had watched it.", "Q63386": "Otto Theodor von Manteuffel (3 February 1805 \u2013 26 November 1882) was a conservative Prussian statesman, serving nearly a decade as prime minister.\n\n", "Q311752": "Christopher Crosby Farley (February 15, 1964 \u2013 December 18, 1997) was an American actor and comedian. Farley was known for his loud, energetic comedic style, and was a member of Chicago's Second City Theatre and later a cast member of the NBC sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live between 1990 and 1995. He then went on to pursue a film career, starring in films such as Coneheads, Tommy Boy, Black Sheep and Beverly Hills Ninja. He died of a drug overdose at the age of 33.", "Q179456": "The Republican Federation (French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration r\u00e9publicaine, FR) was the largest conservative party during the French Third Republic, gathering together the progressive Orl\u00e9anists rallied to the Republic.\nFounded in November 1903, the party competed with the more secular and centrist Alliance d\u00e9mocratique (Democratic Alliance). Later, most deputies of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration r\u00e9publicaine and of Action lib\u00e9rale (which included Catholics rallied to the Republic) joined the Entente r\u00e9publicaine d\u00e9mocratique right-wing parliamentary group.", "Q1423966": "Robert Kurtzman (born November 25, 1964) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, and Makeup / Special Effects Makeup artist.", "Q43056": "The Axis powers (German: Achsenm\u00e4chte; Italian: Potenze dell'Asse; Japanese: \u67a2\u8ef8\u56fd S\u016bjikukoku), also known as \"Rome\u2013Berlin\u2013Tokyo Axis\" (also nicknamed with the Italian name \"Roberto\", from the initials of \"ROma\", \"BERlin\" and \"TOkyo\"), were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allies. The Axis powers agreed on their opposition to the Allies, but did not completely coordinate their activity.\nThe Axis grew out of the diplomatic efforts of Germany, Italy, and Japan to secure their own specific expansionist interests in the mid-1930s. The first step was the treaty signed by Germany and Italy in October 1936. Benito Mussolini declared on 1 November 1936 that all other European countries would from then on rotate on the Rome\u2013Berlin axis, thus creating the term \"Axis\". The almost simultaneous second step was the signing in November 1936 of the Anti-Comintern Pact, an anti-communist treaty between Germany and Japan. Italy and Spain joined the Pact in 1937. The \"Rome\u2013Berlin Axis\" became a military alliance in 1939 under the so-called \"Pact of Steel\", with the Tripartite Pact of 1940 leading to the integration of the military aims of Germany, Italy and Japan.\nAt its zenith during World War II, the Axis presided over territories that occupied large parts of Europe, North Africa, and East Asia. There were no three-way summit meetings and cooperation and coordination was minimal, with slightly more between Germany and Italy. The war ended in 1945 with the defeat of the Axis powers and the dissolution of their alliance. As in the case of the Allies, membership of the Axis was fluid, with some nations switching sides or changing their degree of military involvement over the course of the war.", "Q721466": "Lyle Arnold Berman (born August 6, 1941 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American professional poker player and business executive.", "Q94068": "Fritz Rotter (1900\u20131984) was an Austrian writer and composer. Along with his brother Alfred he owned several Berlin theatres during the Weimar Republic but, due to his Jewish background, was forced to emigrate following the Nazi rise to power in 1933.", "Q710863": "Arthur Omre (17 December 1887, in Brunlanes \u2013 16 August 1967) was a Norwegian novelist and writer of short stories.\nOmre hailed from Vestfold. With a background as sailor, journalist, constructor in the United States, engineer in Oslo, businessman and entrepreneur, he went bankrupt in 1922. From then on he initiated a criminal career, and made a living from liquor smuggling, swindle and theft, also spending long periods in prison.Following release from jail in 1935, Omre made his literary d\u00e9but with the novel Smuglere (Smugglers). The story is largely based on his own experiences, and is written in hardboiled style. Then came the follow-ups Flukten (1936), Sukkenes bro (1937) and Kristinus Bergmann (1938).He was awarded Gyldendal's Endowment in 1938.In 1939 he wrote the novel Intermesso, in 1940 Det onde \u00f8ie, in 1941 Harmoni, and in 1942 Mysterium i Rolvs\u00f8y. He published several short story collections. Many of his short stories were first published in magazines, such as Arbeidermagasinet. In the 1950s he wrote the trilogy Mikkelfanten, Svarte-Paal and Ek & Co.", "Q452356": "Franklin Davis \"Frank\" Robinson (born 1930) is an aeronautical engineer and the founder of Robinson Helicopter Company in Torrance, California. He served as President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the company for many years. In the early 1970s, he designed the Robinson R22 helicopter, a popular, light, two-place civilian aircraft, which later developed into the R44, one of the most successful civil helicopters in history.", "Q105953": "Carl Stephenson (November 3, 1893 \u2013 after 1960) was a German author best known for his short story \"Leiningen Versus the Ants\".\n\n", "Q240509": "Kimberley Ann Deal (born June 10, 1961) is an American singer-songwriter. She was bassist and co-vocalist in the alternative rock band Pixies, before forming The Breeders in 1989.\nDeal joined Pixies in January 1986, adopting the stage name Mrs. John Murphy for the albums Come on Pilgrim and Surfer Rosa. Following Doolittle and the Pixies' hiatus, she formed the Breeders with Tanya Donelly, Josephine Wiggs, and Britt Walford. Following the band's debut album Pod, her twin sister Kelley Deal joined, replacing Tanya Donelly.\nPixies broke up in early 1993, and Deal returned her focus to the Breeders, who released the platinum-selling album Last Splash in 1993, with the hit single \"Cannonball\". In 1994, the Breeders went into hiatus after her sister Kelley entered drug rehabilitation. During the band's hiatus, Deal adopted the stage name Tammy Ampersand and formed the short-lived rock band the Amps, recording a single album, Pacer, in 1995. After her own stint in drug rehabilitation, Deal eventually reformed the Breeders with a new line-up for the two more albums, Title TK in 2002 and Mountain Battles in 2008. During that time, she would also return to Pixies when the band reunited in 2004. In 2013, Deal announced she was leaving Pixies to concentrate on making new material with The Breeders, after the band's most famous line-up (Wiggs and Jim Macpherson had rejoined the band for the first time since 1995) had reunited for a new series of tours celebrating the 20th anniversary of the band's hit album Last Splash.\nIn 2018, The Breeders released their fifth album All Nerve, the first album to reunite the Deals, Wiggs, and Macpherson, since the release of 1993's Last Splash.", "Q85165": "Maria Anna Josepha Francisca Gottlieb (29 April 1774 \u2013 4 February 1856) was an Austrian soprano. She was the first Pamina in Mozart's opera The Magic Flute.\nShe was born in Vienna, one of four sisters. Her parents were actors, who worked in the German theatre company of the Nationaltheater, and all four sisters were raised to the family trade, working as actresses as children. Anna first acted at the Burgtheater at age five. Shortly after she turned 12 (1 May 1786), she premiered the role of Barbarina in Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro. At fifteen, she appeared in the role of Amande in Paul Wranitzky's Opera Oberon, K\u00f6nig der Elfen (\"Oberon, King of the Elves\"). This production featured in the leading role the soprano Josepha Hofer, who was Mozart's sister-in-law and later premiered the role of the Queen of the Night in Mozart's The Magic Flute.\nWhen in 1789 the actor and impresario Emanuel Schikaneder brought his troupe to be the resident company at the Theater auf der Wieden in Vienna, Gottlieb became a soprano in the company, singing in various Singspiele. When Mozart composed The Magic Flute for the Schikaneder company, he chose Gottlieb, aged seventeen, for the leading role of Pamina, the pinnacle of her career.\nIn 1792 Gottlieb moved to the Theater in der Leopoldstadt, where, during the years 1803\u201317 under the direction of Carl Friedrich Hensler, she was \"mainstay of the company\" (New Grove). She appeared in a number of parody works, and was admired for her ability to lampoon operatic sopranos, having had direct experience in this area herself. Her greatest success at the Leopoldstadt Theater was in the role of Hulda in Ferdinand Kauer's play Das Donauweibchen (1798). Her career was interrupted between 1809 and 1813 owing to the Napoleonic wars, and when she returned to the stage her voice had declined. As she aged, she gradually changed roles, eventually becoming a character singer playing roles of old women.In 1828 a new director, Rudolf Steinkeller, took over the Leopoldstadt Theater, and the declining singer was dismissed. She had no pension from her former employer and sank into poverty, appealing in vain from time to time for the Emperor to give her a pension. In 1842 she contacted a newspaper editor, L. V. Frankl, introducing herself as \"the first Pamina\"; Frankl undertook a fundraising campaign that enabled Gottlieb to visit Salzburg for the unveiling of a monument to Mozart. She was the last singer alive in Vienna who had known Mozart.The aging Gottlieb was mocked, much later, in the 1896 memoirs of Wilhelm Kuhe:\n\"[at the 1842 Mozart commemoration] there entered a very tall, thin and eccentric-looking woman who at once exclaimed as though addressing an audience, 'I am the first Pamina' ... she seemed to think that she had at least an equal claim with Mozart to be an object of universal veneration\".Gottlieb, who never married, died in Vienna at 82 and was buried on 6 February 1856 in the same cemetery as Mozart, the St. Marx cemetery in Vienna.", "Q3430805": "Richard Graham (born 10 May 1960) is an English actor. He played George T. Rowe in the biopic film Titanic.\nHe has also appeared in In the Name of the Father (1993), Gangs of New York (2002) and Vera Drake (2004), as well as playing Trevor Clyner in football hooligan films ID (1994) and ID2: Shadwell Army (2016). He appeared in all 12 episodes of Maisie Raine as Mickey Farrel, and in 16 episodes of Hollyoaks as William Alexander. He has also appeared in Inspector Morse and Pie in the Sky. In 2019, he appeared in the BBC soap opera EastEnders as Jonno Highway.\n\n", "Q115598": "Mara Belcheva (September 8, 1868 \u2013 March 16, 1937) was a Bulgarian poet.", "Q5656": "H\u00e9lo\u00efse ( or ; French: [e.l\u0254.iz]; 1090?/1100\u20131? \u2013 16 May 1164) was a French nun, writer, scholar, and abbess. H\u00e9lo\u00efse is accorded an important place in French literary history and in the development of feminist representation. While few of her letters survive, those that do have been considered a foundational \"monument\" of French literature from the late thirteenth century onwards. Her correspondence, more erudite than it is erotic, is the Latin basis for the bildungsroman and a model of the classical epistolary genre, which influenced writers as diverse as Madame de Lafayette, Choderlos de Laclos, Rousseau and Dominique Aury.\nShe is best known for her love affair and correspondence with Peter Abelard (French name: Pierre Ab\u00e9lard). She was the daughter born of the scandalous union of Hersint of Champagne Lady of Montsoreau (founder of the Fontevraud Abbey) with the seneschal of France Gilbert of Garlande.", "Q180795": "Seyyed Mohammad Khatami (Persian: \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u06cc\u200e, pronounced [ sej\u02c8jed moh\u00e6m\u02c8m\u00e6de x\u0252\u02d0t\u00e6\u02c8mi\u02d0] (listen); born 14 October 1943) served as the fifth President of Iran from 3 August 1997 to 3 August 2005. He also served as Iran's Minister of Culture from 1982 to 1992. Later, he was critical of the government of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.Little known internationally before becoming president, Khatami attracted attention during his first election to the presidency when he received almost 70% of the vote. Khatami had run on a platform of liberalization and reform. During his two terms as president, Khatami advocated freedom of expression, tolerance and civil society, constructive diplomatic relations with other states including those in Asia and the European Union, and an economic policy that supported a free market and foreign investment.\nOn 8 February 2009, Khatami announced that he would run in the 2009 presidential election but withdrew on 16 March in favor of his long-time friend and adviser, former Prime Minister of Iran, Mir-Hossein Mousavi.Khatami proposed the Dialogue Among Civilizations. The United Nations proclaimed the year 2001 as the United Nations' Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations, on Khatami's suggestion.In October 2009, the award committee of the Global Dialogue Prize declared Dariush Shayegan and Mohammad Khatami as joint winners of the inaugural award, \"for their work in developing and promoting the concept of a 'dialogue among cultures and civilizations' as new paradigm of cultural subjectivity and as new paradigm of international relations\". The Global Dialogue Prize is one of the world's most significant recognition for research in the Humanities, honoring \"excellence in research and research communication on the conditions and content of a global intercultural dialogue on values\". In January 2010, Mohammad Khatami stated that \"he was not in the position to accept the award\", and the prize was given to Dariush Shayegan alone. The Iranian media are forbidden on the orders of Tehran's prosecutor from publishing pictures of Khatami, or quoting his words, on account of his support for the defeated reformist candidates in the disputed 2009 re-election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.", "Q237781": "Alison Pill (born November 27, 1985) is a Canadian actress. A former child actress, Pill began her career at age twelve, appearing in numerous films and television series. She transitioned to adult roles and her breakthrough came with the television series The Book of Daniel (2006). That same year, she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in The Lieutenant of Inishmore (2006).\nPill had prominent roles in the films Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen (2004), Plain Truth (2004), Milk (2008), Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010), Midnight in Paris (2011), Zoom (2015), Vice (2018), the television series In Treatment (2009), The Pillars of the Earth (2010), The Newsroom (2012\u201314), American Horror Story: Cult (2017) and Star Trek: Picard (2020).", "Q1969558": "Otomo Yoshihide (\u5927\u53cb \u826f\u82f1, \u014ctomo Yoshihide, born August 1, 1959) is a Japanese composer and multi-instrumentalist. He plays guitar, turntables, and electronics.He first came to international prominence in the 1990s as the leader of the experimental rock group Ground Zero, and has since worked in a variety of contexts, ranging from free improvisation to noise, jazz, avant-garde and contemporary classical. He is also a pioneering figure in the EAI-scene, and is featured on important records on labels like Erstwhile Records. He has composed music for many films, television dramas, and commercials. In 2017, Otomo became the 2nd Guest Artistic Director of The Sapporo International Art Festival 2017.\n\n", "Q550555": "Gravity Falls is an American animated mystery comedy television series created by Alex Hirsch for Disney Channel and Disney XD. The series ran from June 15, 2012, to February 15, 2016.The series follows the adventures of Dipper Pines (voiced by Jason Ritter) and his twin sister Mabel (voiced by Kristen Schaal) who are sent to spend the summer with their great-uncle (or \"Grunkle\") Stan (voiced by Hirsch) in Gravity Falls, Oregon, a mysterious town full of paranormal forces and supernatural creatures. The kids help Stan run \"The Mystery Shack\", the tourist trap which he owns, while also investigating the local mysteries.\nIn 2015, Hirsch announced that the series would finish with its second season, stating that he chose to do it for the show to end with \"a real conclusion for the characters\". He later stated that he remains open to continuing the series with additional episodes or specials. The show culminated with a one-hour finale, \"Weirdmageddon 3: Take Back the Falls\", airing on February 15, 2016.In February 2018, on the second anniversary of the final episode of the show, Hirsch used a cipher to announce Gravity Falls: Lost Legends, a continuation of the Gravity Falls story in a new graphic novel that was later released on July 24, 2018.\n\n", "Q584062": "Esther Louise McVey (born 24 October 1967) is a British Conservative Party politician, serving as Member of Parliament (MP) for Tatton since 2017. She previously served in the Cabinet as Minister of State for Housing and Planning from 2019 to 2020, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions in 2018 and Minister of State for Employment from 2014 to 2015.\nMcVey first entered parliament as the MP for Wirral West in the House of Commons at the 2010 general election. In the 2015 general election, she lost her seat and spent two years serving as the Chair of the British Transport Police Authority before returning to parliament in the 2017 United Kingdom general election, succeeding former Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne in the Tatton constituency.\nBefore entering politics, McVey was a businesswoman and television presenter, and co-presented GMTV with Eamonn Holmes. McVey served in the Cameron\u2013Clegg coalition as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Disabled People from 2012 to 2013, prior to being appointed Minister of State at the Department for Work and Pensions from 2013 to 2015. She was sworn of the Privy Council in February 2014, and attended cabinet as Minister of State for Employment in the 2014 British cabinet reshuffle.She served in the Second May ministry as Deputy Chief Whip from 2017 to 2018. She was appointed Work and Pensions Secretary on 8 January 2018, but resigned on 15 November 2018 in opposition to the Brexit negotiations and the Brexit withdrawal agreement. In July 2018 it was reported by the head of the National Audit Office (NAO) that McVey had misled parliament over the new Universal Credit scheme by claiming that the NAO report showed that it should be rolled out faster when in fact the report concluded that the roll-out should be paused. She apologised to the House of Commons on 4 July 2018 amid calls for her resignation.In June 2019 she stood in the 2019 Conservative Party leadership election. She was eliminated in the first round after finishing in last place with nine votes.", "Q208217": "Literary criticism (or literary studies) is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often influenced by literary theory, which is the philosophical discussion of literature's goals and methods. Though the two activities are closely related, literary critics are not always, and have not always been, theorists.\nWhether or not literary criticism should be considered a separate field of inquiry from literary theory, or conversely from book reviewing, is a matter of some controversy. For example, the Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism draws no distinction between literary theory and literary criticism, and almost always uses the terms together to describe the same concept. Some critics consider literary criticism a practical application of literary theory, because criticism always deals directly with particular literary works, while theory may be more general or abstract.\nLiterary criticism is often published in essay or book form. Academic literary critics teach in literature departments and publish in academic journals, and more popular critics publish their reviews in broadly circulating periodicals such as The Times Literary Supplement, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Review of Books, the London Review of Books, the Dublin Review of Books, The Nation, Bookforum, and The New Yorker.", "Q66598": "Rifferswil is a village in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q172265": "Timothy \"Tiff\" Needell (born 29 October 1951 in Havant, Hampshire) is a British racing driver and television presenter. He is a former co-presenter of Top Gear and Fifth Gear,\nHe is a current presenter of Lovecars.", "Q933453": "Lawrence Julian Schiller (born December 28, 1936) is a noted American photojournalist, film producer, director and screenwriter.\n\n", "Q132899": "Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (; n\u00e9 Skryabin; (OS 25 February) 9 March 1890 \u2013 8 November 1986) was a Soviet politician and diplomat, an Old Bolshevik, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Joseph Stalin. Molotov served as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (Premier) from 1930 to 1941, and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1939 to 1949 and from 1953 to 1956. He served as First Deputy Premier from 1942 to 1957, when he was dismissed from the Presidium of the Central Committee by Nikita Khrushchev. Molotov was removed from all positions in 1961 after several years of obscurity.\nMolotov was the principal Soviet signatory of the German\u2013Soviet non-aggression pact of 1939 (also known as the Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact), whose most important provisions were added in the form of a secret protocol that stipulated an invasion of Poland and partition of its territory between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. \nAfter World War II (the Great Patriotic War), Molotov was involved in negotiations with the Western allies, in which he became noted for his diplomatic skills. He retained his place as a leading Soviet diplomat and politician until March 1949, when he fell out of Stalin's favour and lost the foreign affairs ministry leadership to Andrei Vyshinsky. Molotov's relationship with Stalin deteriorated further, with Stalin criticising Molotov in a speech to the 19th Party Congress. However, after Stalin's death in 1953, Molotov was staunchly opposed to Khrushchev's de-Stalinisation policy. Molotov defended Stalin's policies and legacy until his death in 1986, and harshly criticised Stalin's successors, especially Khrushchev.", "Q231496": "Jessica Leigh Stroup (born October 23, 1986) is an American actress, best known for her role as Erin Silver on 90210 (2008\u201313), Max Hardy on The Following (2014\u201315) and Joy Meachum on Iron Fist (2017\u201318), which is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. She is regarded as a scream queen for starring in the horror films Vampire Bats (2005), Left in Darkness (2006), The Hills Have Eyes 2 (2007), Prom Night (2008) and Homecoming (2009).", "Q47556": "Pier Luigi Bersani (Italian pronunciation: [\u02ccpj\u025br lu\u02c8i\u02d0d\u0292i ber\u02c8sa\u02d0ni]; born 29 September 1951) is an Italian politician and was Secretary of the Democratic Party (DP), Italy's leading centre-left party, from 2009 to 2013. Bersani was Minister of Industry, Commerce and Craftmanship from 1996 to 1999, Minister of Transport from 1999 to 2001, and Minister of Economic Development from 2006 to 2008.", "Q93061": "Przemys\u0142aw (Przemek) Prusinkiewicz [\u02c8p\u0282\u025bm\u025bk pru\u0255i\u014b\u02c8kjevit\u0361\u0282] is a Polish computer scientist who advanced the idea that Fibonacci numbers in nature can be in part understood as the expression of certain algebraic constraints on free groups, specifically as certain Lindenmayer grammars. Prusinkiewicz's main work is on the modeling of plant growth through such grammars.\nPrusinkiewicz received his PhD from the Warsaw University of Technology in 1978, and is currently a professor of Computer Science at the University of Calgary. Prusinkiewicz received the 1997 SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Achievement Award for his work.In 2006 Michael Hensel examined the work of Prusinkiewicz and his collaborators - the Calgary team - in an article published in Architectural Design. Hensel argued that the Calgary team's computational plant models or \"virtual plants\" which culminated in software they developed capable of modeling various plant characteristics, could provide important lessons for architectural design. Architects would learn from \"the self-organisation processes underlying the growth of living organisms\" and the Calgary team's work uncovered some of that potential. Their computational models allowed for a \"quantitative understanding of developmental mechanisms\" and had the potential to \"lead to a synthetic understanding of the interplay between various aspects of development.\"Prusinkiewicz's work was informed by that of the Hungarian biologist Aristid Lindenmayer who developed the theory of L-systems in 1968. Lindenmayer used L-systems to describe the behaviour of plant cells and to model the growth processes, plant development and the branching architecture of plant development.", "Q404676": "The Aiguille de Triolet (3,870 metres (12,697 ft)) is a mountain on the eastern part the Mont Blanc massif, on the border between France and Italy.\nLocated on a long ridge that includes peaks such as Mont Dolent and Grandes Jorasses, the Aiguille de Triolet lies above the Argenti\u00e8re Glacier and is usually climbed from this side, starting at Chamonix. Its north face is regarded as one of the classic ice climbs of the Alps.", "Q2311775": "DGC Records (an initialism for the David Geffen Company) is an American record label that currently operates as a division of Interscope Geffen A&M Records, which is owned by the Vivendi-based Universal Music Group.\n\n", "Q69873": "Treiten (French: Treiteron) is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q1131159": "Jeffrey Philip LaBar (born March 18, 1963, in Darby, Pennsylvania) is an American guitarist most famous for playing in the glam rock band Cinderella, in which he replaced original guitarist Michael Smerick, also known as Michael Kelly Smith.During Cinderella's temporary break-up in the mid-1990s, LaBar supported himself by running a pizza shop with his brother and by doing assorted construction jobs.\nLaBar was also in a side band with Cinderella bandmate Eric Brittingham called Naked Beggars. In April 2007 LaBar and his wife parted ways with Naked Beggars. They hosted an internet radio show \"Late Night with the LaBar's\" on www.realityradio.biz.In 2012, LaBar and Cinderella completed their 20th anniversary tour with fellow rock veterans Poison, who were also celebrating 20 years in the business.LaBar's debut solo record \"One For The Road\" was released August 2014. Jeff will be touring his solo record with his son Sebastian and Jasmine Cain.\n\n1985 to 2017 - Cinderella\n2004 to 2007 - Naked Beggars\n2008 to 2009 - Freakshow\n2013 to 2014 - Cheap Thrill\n2014 to present - Jeff LaBar Solo", "Q2887": "Santiago ( , Spanish: [san\u02c8tja\u0263o], derived from \"Saint-James\"), also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile as well as one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is the center of Chile's largest and most densely populated conurbation, the Santiago Metropolitan Region, whose total population is 7 million. The city is entirely located in the country's central valley. Most of the city lies between 500 m (1,640 ft) and 650 m (2,133 ft) above mean sea level.\nFounded in 1541 by the Spanish conqueror Pedro de Valdivia, Santiago has been the capital city of Chile since colonial times. The city has a downtown core of 19th-century neoclassical architecture and winding side-streets, dotted by art deco, neo-gothic, and other styles. Santiago's cityscape is shaped by several stand-alone hills and the fast-flowing Mapocho River, lined by parks such as Parque Forestal. The Andes Mountains can be seen from most points in the city. These mountains contribute to a considerable smog problem, particularly during winter. The city outskirts are surrounded by vineyards and Santiago is within an hour of both the mountains and the Pacific Ocean.\nSantiago is the cultural, political and financial center of Chile and is home to the regional headquarters of many multinational corporations. The Chilean executive and judiciary are located in Santiago, but Congress meets mostly in nearby Valpara\u00edso. Santiago is named after the biblical figure St. James. Santiago will host the 2023 Pan American Games.", "Q1935233": "Alexander Aronovich Knaifel (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u0440\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0444\u0435\u043b\u044c; also Knayfel, Knayfel, or Kneifel; born 28 November 1943 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan) is a Russian composer known for his operas The Ghost of Canterville and Alice in Wonderland as well as for his music for cinema.", "Q43730": "Bernard Comment (born April 20, 1960) is a Swiss writer, translator, scriptwriter, and publisher of books.", "Q660348": "The district of Visp (German: Bezirk Visp, French: District de Vi\u00e8ge) is a district in the Canton of Valais in southern Switzerland. It has a population of 28,454 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q446445": "Grete Faremo (born 16 June 1955) is a former Norwegian politician, lawyer and business leader. Since August 2014, she has held the post of Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director of the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS). During her political career, she held high-level positions in the Norwegian Government including Minister of Justice from 1992-1996 and 2011-2013, Minister of Petroleum and Energy in 1996, Minister of International Development from 1990-1992 and Minister of Defence from 2009-2011.", "Q1356": "West Bengal () is a state in the eastern region of India along the Bay of Bengal. With over 91 million inhabitants (as of 2011), it is India's fourth-most populous state. West Bengal is the thirteenth-largest Indian state, with an area of 88,752 km2 (34,267 sq mi). Part of the ethno-linguistic Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, it borders Bangladesh in the east, and Nepal and Bhutan in the north. It also borders the Indian states of Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, and Assam. The state capital is Kolkata (Calcutta) the seventh-largest city in India, and center of the third-largest metropolitan area in the country. West Bengal includes the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region, the Ganges delta, the Rarh region, and the coastal Sundarbans. The main ethnic group is the Bengalis, with Bengali Hindus forming the demographic majority.\nThe area's early history featured a succession of Indian empires, internal squabbling, and a tussle between Hinduism and Buddhism for dominance. Ancient Bengal was the site of several major Janapadas (kingdoms), while the earliest cities date back to the Vedic period. The region was part of several ancient pan\u2212Indian empires, including the Mauryans and Guptas. It was also a bastion of regional kingdoms. The citadel of Gauda served as the capital of the Gauda Kingdom, the Buddhist Pala Empire (8th\u201311th century) and Hindu Sena Empire (11th\u201312th century). Islam was introduced through trade with the Abbasid Caliphate, but following the early conquest of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji and the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate, it spread across the entire Bengal region. Later, occasional Muslim raiders reinforced the process of conversion by building mosques, madrasas, and khanqahs. During the Islamic Bengal Sultanate, founded in 1352, Bengal was a major trading nation in the world and was often referred by the Europeans as the richest country to trade with. It was absorbed into the Mughal Empire in 1576. Simultaneously, some parts of the region were ruled by several Hindu states, and Baro-Bhuyan landlords, and part of it was briefly overrun by the Suri Empire. The Mughal Bengal was heralded by Aurangzeb as the \"paradise of the nations\", since it was the empire's most economically developed province. It became a leading exporter to the world, and a center of worldwide industries such as cotton textiles, silk, and shipbuilding. Its citizens' standard of living was among the world's highest. Bengal accounted for 40% of Dutch imports from Asia, for example, including more than 50% of its textiles and around 80% of its silks. Bengal's economy bypassed the period of proto-industrialization.By the 18th century, the state was ruled by the Nawabs of Bengal, before being conquered by the British East India Company at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Calcutta served for many years as the capital of British India. The region was later administered by the United Kingdom as part of the Bengal Presidency (1757\u20131905; 1912\u20131947) and Eastern Bengal and Assam Province (1905\u20131912) in British India. Bengal faced multiple famines and deindustrialisation under British Raj. The region was a hotbed of the Indian independence movement and has remained one of India's great artistic and intellectual centre denoted by Bengali Renaissance. In 1947, the Bengal Legislative Council and the Bengal Legislative Assembly voted on the Partition of Bengal along religious lines into two separate entities: West Bengal, a state of India, and East Bengal, a province of Pakistan which later became the independent Bangladesh. Several regional and pan\u2212Indian empires throughout Bengal's history have shaped its culture, cuisine, and architecture. \nPost independence, West Bengal's economy is based on agricultural production and small and medium-sized enterprises. The economy of West Bengal is the sixth-largest state economy in India with \u20b911.77 lakh crore (US$170 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of \u20b9116,000 (US$1,600). The state has high government debt with \u20b93.6 lakh crore (US$50 billion) or 35% of GSDP, moderate unemployment, and low per capita income. In human development index it ranks 28th among Indian states. Kolkata is known as the \"cultural capital of India\". West Bengal has two World Heritage sites and one of the top tourism destinations in India.", "Q4382287": "Emil Oskar Nobel ( noh-BEL, Swedish: [n\u028a\u02c8b\u025bl\u02d0]; also Oscar; 1843 \u2013 3 September 1864) was a member of the Nobel family, the youngest son of Immanuel Nobel and Karolina Andrietta Ahlsell. He was the brother of Robert Nobel, Ludvig Nobel and Alfred Nobel. He was the only one of the Nobel family to go to college, going to the Swedish University of Uppsala. Emil died on September 3, 1864, the victim of an explosion while experimenting with nitroglycerine in his father's factory in Heleneborg, Stockholm. His brother Alfred later managed to stabilize dynamite with a diatomaceous earth called kieselguhr. Alfred was not in the factory at the time of Emil\u2019s death.", "Q14668": "Monte Rosa (Italian: massiccio del Monte Rosa; German: Monte Rosa-Massiv; French: massif du Mont Rose) is a mountain massif located in the eastern part of the Pennine Alps. It is located between Italy (Piedmont and Aosta Valley) and Switzerland (Valais). Monte Rosa is the second highest mountain in the Alps and western Europe, after Mont Blanc.The group is located on the watershed between central and southern Europe.\nThe Monte Rosa massif has four faces. Three in Italy: the Liskamm heading above the Val de Gressoney, the Valsesian face above Alagna Valsesia at the upper part of the Valle della Sesia, and the steep, big east wall above Macugnaga in the Valle Anzasca. And the Swiss north-western face with several glaciers (with one of the largest Alpine glaciers) flowing towards the Mattertal with Zermatt.Its main summit, named Dufourspitze in honor of the surveyor Guillaume-Henri Dufour and wholly located in Switzerland, culminates at 4,634 m (15,203 ft) above sea level and is followed by the five nearly equally high subsidiary summits of Dunantspitze, Grenzgipfel, Nordend, Zumsteinspitze and Signalkuppe. Some other over 4000 m peaks such as Piramide Vincent, Punta Giordani, and Corno Nero are wholly in Italy. Monte Rosa is the highest mountain of both Switzerland and the Pennine Alps and is also the second-highest mountain of the Alps and Europe outside the Caucasus.The north-west side of the central Monte Rosa massif, with its enormous ice slopes and seracs, constitutes the boundary and upper basin of the large Gorner Glacier, which descends towards Zermatt and merges with its nowadays much larger tributary, the Grenzgletscher (English: Border Glacier), right below the Monte Rosa Hut on the lower end of the visible western wing. The Grenzgletscher is an impressive glacier formation between the western wing of the mountain and Liskamm, a ridge on its southwestern side on the Swiss-Italian border. On the eastern side, in Italy, the mountain falls away in an almost vertical 2,400-metre-high (7,900 ft) wall of granite and ice, the biggest in Europe, overlooking Macugnaga and several smaller glaciers.\n\nMonte Rosa was studied by pioneering geologists and explorers, including Leonardo da Vinci in the late fifteenth century and Horace-B\u00e9n\u00e9dict de Saussure in the late eighteenth century. Following a long series of attempts beginning in the early nineteenth century, Monte Rosa's summit, then still called H\u00f6chste Spitze (lit. \u201cHighest Peak\u201d), was first reached in 1855 from Zermatt by a party of eight climbers led by three guides. The great east wall was first climbed in 1872, from Macugnaga.Each summer many climbers set out from the Monte Rosa Hut on the mountain's west wing for one of its summits via the normal route or for the Margherita Hut on the Signalkuppe (Italian: Punta Gnifetti), used as a research station. Many tourists and hikers also come each year to the Gornergrat on the north-west side of the massif, to see the panorama that extends over the giants of the Alps, from Monte Rosa to the Matterhorn.", "Q170472": "Origen of Alexandria (c. 184 \u2013 c. 253), also known as Origen Adamantius, was an early Christian scholar, ascetic, and theologian who was born and spent the first half of his career in Alexandria. He was a prolific writer who wrote roughly 2,000 treatises in multiple branches of theology, including textual criticism, biblical exegesis and biblical hermeneutics, homiletics, and spirituality. He was one of the most influential figures in early Christian theology, apologetics, and asceticism. He has been described as \"the greatest genius the early church ever produced\".Origen sought martyrdom with his father at a young age but was prevented from turning himself in to the authorities by his mother. When he was eighteen years old, Origen became a catechist at the Catechetical School of Alexandria. He devoted himself to his studies and adopted an ascetic lifestyle as both a vegetarian and teetotaler. He came into conflict with Demetrius, the bishop of Alexandria, in 231 after he was ordained as a presbyter by his friend, the bishop of Caesarea, while on a journey to Athens through Palestine. Demetrius condemned Origen for insubordination and accused him of having castrated himself and of having taught that even Satan would eventually attain salvation, an accusation which Origen vehemently denied. Origen founded the Christian School of Caesarea, where he taught logic, cosmology, natural history, and theology, and became regarded by the churches of Palestine and Arabia as the ultimate authority on all matters of theology. He was tortured for his faith during the Decian persecution in 250 and died three to four years later from his injuries.\nOrigen was able to produce a massive quantity of writings because of the patronage of his close friend Ambrose, who provided him with a team of secretaries to copy his works, making him one of the most prolific writers in all of antiquity. His treatise On the First Principles systematically laid out the principles of Christian theology and became the foundation for later theological writings. He also authored Contra Celsum, the most influential work of early Christian apologetics, in which he defended Christianity against the pagan philosopher Celsus, one of its foremost early critics. Origen produced the Hexapla, the first critical edition of the Hebrew Bible, which contained the original Hebrew text as well as five different Greek translations of it, all written in columns, side-by-side. He wrote hundreds of homilies covering almost the entire Bible, interpreting many passages as allegorical. Origen taught that, before the creation of the material universe, God had created the souls of all the intelligent beings. These souls, at first fully devoted to God, fell away from him and were given physical bodies. Origen was the first to propose the ransom theory of atonement in its fully developed form and, though he was probably a subordinationist, he also significantly contributed to the development of the concept of the Trinity. Origen hoped that all people might eventually attain salvation but was always careful to maintain that this was only speculation. He defended free will and advocated Christian pacifism.\nOrigen is a Church Father and is widely regarded as one of the most important Christian theologians of all time. His teachings were especially influential in the east, with Athanasius of Alexandria and the three Cappadocian Fathers being among his most devoted followers. Argument over the orthodoxy of Origen's teachings spawned the First Origenist Crisis in the late fourth century, in which he was attacked by Epiphanius of Salamis and Jerome but defended by Tyrannius Rufinus and John of Jerusalem. In 543, Emperor Justinian I condemned him as a heretic and ordered all his writings to be burned. The Second Council of Constantinople in 553 may have anathemized Origen, or it may have only condemned certain heretical teachings which claimed to be derived from Origen. His teachings on the pre-existence of souls were rejected by the Church.\n\n", "Q533970": "Ursula Vian-K\u00fcbler (6 September 1928 \u2013 18 January 2010) was a Swiss ballerina and actress.", "Q661056": "The University of Poitiers (French: Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers), often abbreviated as UP, is a university located in Poitiers, France. It is a member of the Coimbra Group, as one of the oldest universities of Europe. As of July 2015 it is a member of the regional university association\nLeonardo da Vinci consolidated University. It is multidisciplinary and contributes to making Poitiers the city with the highest student/inhabitant ratio in France by welcoming nearly 28,000 students (in 2017). The University of Poitiers represents a global operating budget of around 150 million euros per year, one-third of which is for operating and investment costs and two-thirds for personnel costs.", "Q118902": "Michael Kongehl (19 March 1646 \u2013 1 November 1710) was a German baroque poet.", "Q98120": "Johann Wilhelm Baier (11 November 1647 \u2013 19 October 1695) was a German theologian in the Lutheran scholastic tradition. He was born at Nuremberg, and died at Jena.\nHe studied philology, especially Oriental, and philosophy at Altdorf from 1664 to 1669, in which year he went to Jena and became a disciple of the celebrated Johannes Mus\u00e4us, the representative of the middle party in the Syncretistic Controversy, whose daughter he married in 1674. Taking his doctor\u2019s degree the same year, he became in 1675 professor of church history in the university, and lectured with great success on several different branches of theology.\nIn 1682 he was chosen to represent the Protestant side in the negotiations with the papal legate Nicolas Steno, bishop of Titiopolis, for reunion of the Churches. He was three times rector at Jena before he was called by the elector Frederick III, in 1694, as professor and provisional rector to the new university of Halle. Here his devotion to strict orthodoxy brought him into conflict with some of his colleagues, and the pietistic movement also gave him trouble, so that after a year he was glad to accept the combined positions of chief court preacher, superintendent, and pastor at Weimar \u2014 which, however, he held only a few months until his death. He left a name in the history of theology, especially by his dogmatic compendium, which still preserves the early Protestant traditions among High Lutherans, especially in America. The Jena theologians, and Johannes Musaeus in particular, had been asked by Ernest the Pious to draw up such a work, to take the place of the antiquated Hutter, and Mus\u00e6us urged his son-in-law to do it. The first edition appeared in 1686, the second, enlarged, in 1691, and it has been frequently reprinted since. It was commended for general use as a textbook by its method, its conciseness, and its absence of mere polemics. It was obviously, however, intended by its author as a vindication of the Jena theology, which had been sharply attacked from Wittenberg, and lay under some suspicion of syncretism. Its dependence upon Mus\u00e6us is really the distinguishing feature of the book, which is largely a compilation from him. Baier\u2019s other works include polemical writings against Erbermann, a convert to Roman Catholicism and a Jesuit, and against the Quakers; and three other\ncompendiums, published after his death (1698), one of exegetical, and one of moral theology, as well as one of the history of dogma. His read significance lies in the fact that he handed on and popularized the theology of Mus\u00e6us; and his work was continued by Buddeus, whom he left at Halle as professor of moral philosophy.", "Q1145814": "The University of Illinois System is a system of public universities in Illinois consisting of three universities: Chicago, Springfield, and Urbana\u2013Champaign. Across its three universities, the University of Illinois System enrolls more than 83,700 students. It had an operating budget of $6.5 billion in 2017.", "Q74188": "Jutta Dorothea Haug (born 8 October 1951 in Castrop-Rauxel) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2014. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Socialist Group.\nDuring her time in parliament, Haug sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Budgets. She was also a substitute for the\nCommittee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, substitute for the Delegation to the EU-Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Joint Parliamentary Committee.", "Q725172": "James Gordon Bennett Jr. (May 10, 1841 \u2013 May 14, 1918) was publisher of the New York Herald, founded by his father, James Gordon Bennett Sr. (1795\u20131872), who emigrated from Scotland. He was generally known as Gordon Bennett to distinguish him from his father. Among his many sports-related accomplishments he organized both the first polo match and the first tennis match in the United States, and he personally won the first trans-oceanic yacht race. He sponsored explorers including Henry Morton Stanley's trip to Africa to find David Livingstone, and the ill-fated USS Jeannette attempt on the North Pole.", "Q786815": "Turbo-folk (in recent years referred to as pop-folk or popular folk) is a fusion genre of popular music blending Serbian folk music with other genres such as pop, rock, electronic or even hip-hop. There are similar music styles in Greece (Skyladiko), Bulgaria (Chalga), Romania (Manele) and Albania (Tallava). Having mainstream popularity in Serbia, the genre is widely popular in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Bulgaria and Montenegro.", "Q2041688": "Mohamedou Ould Slahi (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u200e) (born December 21, 1970) is a Mauritanian who was detained at Guant\u00e1namo Bay detention camp without charge from 2002 until his release on October 17, 2016.Slahi wrote a memoir in 2005 while imprisoned, which the U.S. government declassified in 2012 with numerous redactions. The memoir was published as Guant\u00e1namo Diary in January 2015 and became an international bestseller. Salahi is the first detainee to publish a memoir while imprisoned. He was prohibited from receiving a copy of his published book while imprisoned. \nSalhi wrote four other books whilst in detention, one of which he describes as being \"about finding happiness in a hopeless place\", but he has not been allowed to access these books since being removed from Guantanamo. Salahi was held under the authority of the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists (AUMF-AT), enacted on September 18, 2001. The U.S. government alleged he was part of al Qaeda at the time of his arrest in November 2001.\nSalahi traveled from his home in Germany to Afghanistan in December 1990 \"to support the mujahideen.\" At that time, the mujahideen in Afghanistan were attempting to topple the communist government of Mohammad Najibullah. The United States also supported the mujahideen against Najibullah. Salahi trained in an al Qaeda camp and swore bayat to the organization in March 1991. He returned to Germany soon after, but traveled back to Afghanistan for two months in early 1992. Salahi said that, after leaving Afghanistan the second time, he \"severed all ties with ... al-Qaeda.\" The U.S. government maintains that Slahi \"recruited for al-Qaeda and provided it with other support\" since then.Salahi lived in Montreal, Quebec, Canada from November 1999 to January 2000, during which the millennium attack plots were thwarted. Salahi was suspected of involvement in the attempted LAX bombing and was investigated by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service. Due to the scrutiny, Salahi returned to live in Mauritania, where he was questioned and cleared of involvement. After the September 11 attacks, the U.S. again was interested in Salahi. He turned himself in to Mauritanian authorities for questioning about the millennium plot on November 20, 2001. He was detained for seven days and questioned by Mauritanian officers and by agents of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).Then the CIA transported him to a Jordanian prison with its extraordinary rendition program; he was held for eight months. Slahi said he was tortured by the Jordanians. After being flown to Afghanistan and held for two weeks, he was transferred to military custody and the Guant\u00e1namo Bay detention camp in Cuba on August 4, 2002.Salahi was subjected to sleep deprivation, isolation, temperature extremes, beatings and sexual humiliation at Guant\u00e1namo. In one documented incident, he was blindfolded and taken out to sea in a boat for a mock execution. Lt. Col Stuart Couch refused to prosecute Slahi in a Military Commission in 2003. He said that \"Salahi's incriminating statements\u2014the core of the government's case\u2014had been taken through torture, rendering them inadmissible under U.S. and international law.\"In 2010, Judge James Robertson granted a writ of habeas corpus, ordering Salahi to be released on March 22. In his unclassified opinion, Judge Robertson wrote: \"... associations alone are not enough, of course, to make detention lawful.\" The Department of Justice appealed the decision. The D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals vacated the ruling and remanded the case to the District Court on November 5, 2010, for further factual findings. The District Court never held the second habeas hearing.\nOn July 14, 2016, Salahi was approved by a Periodic Review Board for release from detention. Salahi was freed and returned to Mauritania on October 17, 2016; he was imprisoned at Guant\u00e1namo for over fourteen years.", "Q100181": "G\u00fcnter Deckert (born 9 January 1940 in Heidelberg, Baden) is a far-right German political activist. He was the leader of the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD). He has served five years in prison in Germany for various offences, including Holocaust denial and incitement to racial hatred. He translated the Leuchter report, an investigation he commissioned from an American Holocaust denier which attempted to cast doubt on the feasibility of mass extermination via the gas chambers in the Holocaust.", "Q360801": "Iwamoto Yoshiharu (\u53b3\u672c \u5584\u6cbb, 1863 \u2013 1942), also known as Iwamoto Zenji, was an early and prominent advocate of women's education in Meiji Japan.", "Q233295": "\"Paralyze (song)\" redirects here. For the song by Finger Eleven, see Paralyzer.\n\nNguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Thanh (born October 24, 1981), better known by her stage names Tila Tequila, Tila Nguyen, Miss Tila and Tornado Thien, is an American television and social media personality. She first gained recognition for her active presence on social networking websites. After becoming the most popular person on Myspace, Tequila was offered the opportunity to star in her own reality television series. Her bisexual-themed dating show, A Shot at Love with Tila Tequila (2007), aired for two seasons and became MTV's second highest-rated series premiere of that year.\nBorn in Singapore and raised in Houston, Texas, Tequila moved to Los Angeles in 2001 to pursue her modeling career. After being featured in numerous men's magazines (including Playboy, Stuff and Maxim), she made her reality television debut on the VH1 show Surviving Nugent (2003). Besides her career in modeling and television, Tequila also pursued her career as a recording artist and author. She was the lead singer of the bands Beyond Betty Jean and Jealousy, before launching a solo career. Her debut single \"I Love U\" was released in 2007 to mixed reviews. Despite having strong online sales, the song failed to enter any charts. Tequila followed with several independently released singles, including \"Stripper Friends\" and \"Paralyze\". In 2010, she released her second EP, Welcome to the Dark Side. Her book, Hooking Up With Tila Tequila: A Guide to Love, Fame, Happiness, Success, and Being the Life of the Party, was published in 2008.\nShe has subsequently received negative attention for her support of Adolf Hitler, as well as antisemitic and white nationalist comments, which led to her expulsion from Celebrity Big Brother.", "Q1342": "Pittsburgh ( PITS-burg) is a city in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County. A population of about 302,407 (2018) residents live within the city limits, making it the 66th-largest city in the U.S. The metropolitan population of 2,324,743 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the second-largest in Pennsylvania (behind Philadelphia), and the 27th-largest in the U.S.\nPittsburgh is located in the southwest of the state, at the confluence of the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio rivers. Pittsburgh is known both as \"the Steel City\" for its more than 300 steel-related businesses and as the \"City of Bridges\" for its 446 bridges. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclined railways, a pre-revolutionary fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. The city developed as a vital link of the Atlantic coast and Midwest, as the mineral-rich Allegheny Mountains made the area coveted by the French and British empires, Virginians, Whiskey Rebels, and Civil War raiders.Aside from steel, Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum, glass, shipbuilding, petroleum, foods, sports, transportation, computing, autos, and electronics. For part of the 20th century, Pittsburgh was behind only New York City and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment; it had the most U.S. stockholders per capita. Deindustrialization in the 1970s and 80s laid off area blue-collar workers as steel and other heavy industries declined, and thousands of downtown white-collar workers also lost jobs when several Pittsburgh-based companies moved out. The population dropped from a peak of 675,000 in 1950 to 370,000 in 1990. However, this rich industrial history left the area with renowned museums, medical centers, parks, research centers, and a diverse cultural district.After the deindustrialization of the mid-20th century, Pittsburgh has transformed into a hub for the health care, education, and technology industries. Pittsburgh is a leader in the health care sector as the home to large medical providers such as University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). The area is home to 68 colleges and universities, including research and development leaders Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh. Google, Apple Inc., Bosch, Facebook, Uber, Nokia, Autodesk, Amazon, Microsoft and IBM are among 1,600 technology firms generating $20.7 billion in annual Pittsburgh payrolls. The area has served as the long-time federal agency headquarters for cyber defense, software engineering, robotics, energy research and the nuclear navy. The nation's eighth-largest bank, eight Fortune 500 companies, and six of the top 300 U.S. law firms make their global headquarters in the area, while RAND Corporation (RAND), BNY Mellon, Nova, FedEx, Bayer, and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have regional bases that helped Pittsburgh become the sixth-best area for U.S. job growth.In 2015, Pittsburgh was listed among the \"eleven most livable cities in the world\"; The Economist's Global Liveability Ranking placed Pittsburgh as the most or second-most livable city in the United States in 2005, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2014. The region is a hub for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design and energy extraction.", "Q1134035": "Sexy Voice and Robo (\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30fc\u30dc\u30a4\u30b9\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30ed\u30dc, Sekush\u012b Boisu Ando Robo) is a seinen manga by Iou Kuroda. It was originally serialized in the semi-alternative manga magazine Monthly Ikki between 2000 and 2003, and has also been published worldwide, including in North America by Viz Media and Spain by Ponent Mon. In 2007, it was adapted into a live action Japanese television drama, which aired every Tuesday on Nippon TV between April and June 2007, spanning a total of 11 episodes. The manga won A Grand Prize at the 2002 Japan Media Arts Festival, and has received critical acclaim around the world.Sexy Voice and Robo is currently unfinished. On his blog, Kuroda states that he intends to write more some day, but is too busy.", "Q712906": "Pablo Ferro (January 15, 1935 \u2013 November 16, 2018) was an American graphic designer, film titles designer, and founder of Pablo Ferro Films.", "Q967016": "Umberto Malvano (17 July 1884 \u2013 ?) was an early Italian football player from Turin. He was one of the thirteen men who founded Juventus in 1897. After several years of playing as a striker for Juventus, he moved to rivals A.C. Milan and won the 1906 Italian Football Championship with the latter club.", "Q316997": "Anderson Hays Cooper (born June 3, 1967) is an American journalist, television personality, and author. He is the primary anchor of the CNN news show Anderson Cooper 360\u00b0. The program is usually broadcast live from a New York City studio; however, Cooper often broadcasts live from CNN's studios in Washington, D.C., or on location for breaking news stories. In addition, he is a correspondent for 60 Minutes.\nFrom September 2011 to May 2013, he also served as host of his own eponymous syndicated daytime talk show, Anderson Live.", "Q1210885": "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson (Russian: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0428\u0435\u0440\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0425\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430) is a 1980 Soviet film adaptation of Arthur Conan Doyle's stories about Sherlock Holmes. It is the second film (episodes 3-5) in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson film series directed by Igor Maslennikov.\nThe film is based on three stories by Conan Doyle \u2013 \"The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton\", \"The Final Problem\", \"The Adventure of the Empty House\".", "Q885939": "Derek John \"Blue\" Weaver (born 11 March 1947, Cardiff, Wales) is a Welsh keyboardist, session musician, songwriter and record producer.", "Q1272966": "Robert Atkinson Davis (March 9, 1841 \u2013 January 7, 1903) was a businessman and Manitoba politician who served as the fourth Premier of Manitoba.\nDavis was born in Dudswell, in the eastern townships of Lower Canada (now Quebec). As a young man, he worked in the mining fields of the US Rockies. He moved to Red River on 10 May 1870, and reportedly had a friendly meeting with Louis Riel shortly before the end of the Red River Rebellion. This meeting took place after Davis swam across the Red River to where Riel was hiding and called out to the guards in French, and the entire meeting took place in French as Davis was bilingual. Davis purchased a hotel in September 1870. This investment proved very profitable, and he was soon able to open several other stores in Winnipeg.\nDavis assumed a significant role in Manitoba politics after the death of his first wife in 1872. He emerged as a spokesman for the province's recent Ontario immigrants, who opposed the Hudson's Bay Company's monopoly on transportation and opposed the continued prominence of the M\u00e9tis in Manitoba politics.\nDavis challenged HBC commissioner Donald Alexander Smith for the Presidency of the Provincial Agricultural Association in 1872. He lost this race, but was elected to both the Protestant school board and the new Winnipeg Board of Trade in February 1873. Davis also helped create the Manitoba society called \"The Grange\" in 1874.\nIn April 1874, Davis won a by-election to the provincial legislature for the riding of Winnipeg & St. Johns (replacing Smith, who had resigned). He soon emerged as leading figure in the opposition, and on July 2, 1874, supported a non-confidence motion which brought down the government. The next day, Marc-Amable Girard was called to lead a ministry based on principles of \"responsible government\". Davis became the Provincial Treasurer, and sought to achieve debt elimination and \"better terms\" from Ottawa.\nThe Girard government fell apart in November\u2013December 1874 as a result of ethnic tensions. Davis, the only minister not to resign during this crisis, was called upon to form a new government. Like his predecessors, he recognized the importance of demographic balance and appointed French-Canadian Joseph Royal as his Provincial Secretary.\nDavis was re-elected for Winnipeg in Manitoba's second general election (December 30, 1874), defeating Thomas Scott (not to be confused with the Thomas Scott executed by Louis Riel's provisional government) by 198 votes to 183. His ministry won the support of the \"French party\", but did not attain an overall majority in parliament until Davis formed a new alliance with former minister John Norquay. The Davis government was primarily opposed by the anglophone allies of John Christian Schultz, who were led in parliament by Orangeman Francis Cornish. Through his alliance with Royal, Davis could count on support from the \"French party\" throughout his term in office.\nAs Premier, Davis continued his policy of debt reduction (for which he attained an increased Federal subsidy), and convinced the unelected Legislative Council to vote itself out of existence in January 1876. He supported a proposal that the planned transcontinental railway run through Winnipeg rather than Selkirk. After John A. Macdonald was re-elected as Canada's Prime Minister in 1878, this change was accomplished.\nDavis resigned as Premier in 1878, and subsequently became a successful businessman in Chicago. He argued in favour of Canada\u2013US free trade in 1883, and spent much of the 1890s travelling on the profits of his business. He died of Bright's Disease in 1903 in Phoenix, Arizona.", "Q208203": "Kim Seong-su (\uae40\uc131\uc218, \u91d1\u6027\u6d19; October 11, 1891 \u2013 February 18, 1955) was a Korean educator, independence activist, journalist, entrepreneur, politician and calligrapher, and the Vice President of South Korea from 1951\u20131952. He founded Korea University and Dong-A Ilbo. Kim was born in Gochang county, North Jeolla province. Its nickname was Inchon (\uc778\ucd0c; \u4ec1\u6751; \"good village\").", "Q314158": "Enoch Arnold Bennett (27 May 1867 \u2013 27 March 1931) was an English writer. He is best known as a novelist, but he also worked in other fields such as the theatre, journalism, propaganda and films.", "Q207130": "The Last Samurai is a 2003 American period action drama film directed and co-produced by Edward Zwick, who also co-wrote the screenplay with John Logan and Marshall Herskovitz. The film stars Tom Cruise, who also co-produced, with Timothy Spall, Ken Watanabe, Billy Connolly, Tony Goldwyn, Hiroyuki Sanada, Koyuki, and Shin Koyamada in supporting roles.\nTom Cruise portrays a United States Captain of the 7th Cavalry Regiment, whose personal and emotional conflicts bring him into contact with samurai warriors in the wake of the Meiji Restoration in 19th century Japan. The film's plot was inspired by the 1877 Satsuma Rebellion led by Saig\u014d Takamori, and the westernization of Japan by foreign powers, though in the film the United States is portrayed as the primary force behind the push for westernization. It is also influenced by the stories of Jules Brunet, a French army captain who fought alongside Enomoto Takeaki in the earlier Boshin War and to a lesser extent by Frederick Townsend Ward, an American mercenary who helped Westernize the Chinese army by forming the Ever Victorious Army.\nThe Last Samurai grossed a total of $456 million at the box office and was well-received upon its release, receiving praise for the acting, writing, directing, score, visuals, costumes and messages. It was nominated for several awards, including four Academy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and two National Board of Review Awards.\n\n", "Q334288": "Eric Reed Boucher (born June 17, 1958), better known by his professional name Jello Biafra, is an American singer, musician, and spoken word artist. He is the former lead singer and songwriter for the San Francisco punk rock band Dead Kennedys.\nInitially active from 1979 to 1986, Dead Kennedys were known for rapid-fire music topped with Biafra's sardonic lyrics and biting social commentary, delivered in his \"unique quiver of a voice.\" When the band broke up in 1986, he took over the influential independent record label Alternative Tentacles, which he had founded in 1979 with Dead Kennedys bandmate East Bay Ray. In a 2000 lawsuit, upheld on appeal in 2003 by the California Supreme Court, Biafra was found liable for breach of contract, fraud and malice in withholding a decade's worth of royalties from his former bandmates and ordered to pay over $200,000 in compensation and punitive damages; the band subsequently reformed without Biafra. Although now focused primarily on spoken word performances, Biafra has continued as a musician in numerous collaborations. He has also occasionally appeared in cameo roles in films.\nPolitically, Biafra is a member of the Green Party of the United States and supports various political causes. He ran for the party's presidential nomination in the 2000 presidential election, finishing a distant second to Ralph Nader. In 1979 he ran for mayor of San Francisco, California. He is a staunch believer in a free society, and utilizes shock value and advocates direct action and pranksterism in the name of political causes. Biafra is known to use absurdist media tactics, in the leftist tradition of the Yippies, to highlight issues of civil rights and social justice.\n\n", "Q103488": "Grete Weil (18 July 1906 \u2013 14 May 1999) was a German writer of Jewish origin. She was born Margarete Elisabeth Dispeker, the daughter of a prominent lawyer in Munich. She studied German literature in Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Munich, and Paris. In 1932 she began writing her dissertation, and also completed her first story, \"Erlebnis einer Reise\" (Experience of a trip).In 1932, she married Edgar Weil, a playwright at the Munich Kammerspiele. After the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, Edgar lost his position and was also briefly detained by the police. The couple made the decision to emigrate to the Netherlands. Edgar traveled there first, and established a pharmaceutical company, based on his experience with his family's pharmaceutical business in Frankfurt am Main. During this time, Grete broke off her literature studies, and trained as a photographer. In 1935 she followed her husband to Amsterdam, where she operated a photo studio. In June 1941, the year following the occupation of the Netherlands by the Nazis, Edgar was arrested and soon transferred to Mauthausen concentration camp, where he was killed, within just a few months of his arrest. Grete went into hiding and survived the Holocaust. She eventually returned to Germany in 1947.\nBack in Germany, Weil lived at first in Darmstadt, and later in Stuttgart, Berlin, and Hannover. She settled in Frankfurt am Main in 1955. In 1949 her short novel Ans Ende der Welt (To the end of the world), which she had written while still in Amsterdam, was published by an East Berlin publishing company. After that, she wrote librettos for works by Hans Werner Henze (Boulevard Solitude, 1951) and Wolfgang Fortner (Die Witwe von Ephesus, 1952), and worked on a novel, \"Antigone,\" which remained unpublished. To earn a living Weil also wrote articles for the theater periodical Das neue Forum (Darmstadt), and translated books from English for the Limes publishing house in Wiesbaden.In 1960, Weil married her longtime friend, the opera director Walter Jockisch, with whom she had been together since her return to Germany. After Jockisch's death, in 1970, Weil increasingly turned to her writing. In 1974, she moved to Gr\u00fcnwald near Munich.\nWeil is one of the major proponents of Holocaust literature. Her important works are listed below. Her books have been translated into all the major European languages.\nWeil was a member of the PEN Centre Germany. Among her awards are the Wilhelmine-L\u00fcbke-Preis (1980), the Tukan Prize from the city of Munich (1983), the Geschwister Scholl-Preis (1988), the Carl-Zuckmayer Medal of Rhineland-Palatinate (1995) and the Bavarian Order of Merit (1996).She died in Gr\u00fcnwald in 1999.", "Q84509": "Felix Philipp Kanitz (Bulgarian and Serbian Cyrillic: \u0424\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0441 \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043f \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446, 2 August 1829 \u2013 8 January 1904) was an Austro-Hungarian naturalist, geographer, ethnographer, archaeologist and author of travel notes.", "Q19358": "The Tiger and the Snow (Italian: La tigre e la neve) is a 2005 Italian comedy-drama film starring and directed by Roberto Benigni. Inspired by the fairy tale Sleeping Beauty, the film is set in Rome and Baghdad during the invasion of Iraq in 2003, and follows the protagonist Attilio as he desperately journeys to Baghdad to save the love of his life, Vittoria, from her impending death.", "Q652": "Italian (italiano [ita\u02c8lja\u02d0no] (listen) or lingua italiana [\u02c8li\u014b\u0261wa ita\u02c8lja\u02d0na]) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family. Italian descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire and, together with Sardinian, is by most measures the closest language to it of the Romance languages. Italian is an official language in Italy, Switzerland (where it is the main language of Ticino and the Graub\u00fcnden valleys of Calanca, Mesolcina, Bregaglia and val Poschiavo), San Marino and Vatican City. It has an official minority status in western Istria (Croatia and Slovenia). It formerly had official status in Albania, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro (Kotor) and Greece (Ionian Islands and Dodecanese), and is generally understood in Corsica (due to its close relation with the Tuscan-influenced local language) and Savoie. It also used to be an official language in the former Italian East Africa and Italian North Africa, where it still plays a significant role in various sectors. Italian is also spoken by large expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia. Italian is included under the languages covered by the European Charter for Regional or Minority languages in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Romania, although Italian is neither a co-official nor a protected language in these countries. Many speakers of Italian are native bilinguals of both Italian (either in its standard form or regional varieties) and other regional languages.Italian is a major European language, being one of the official languages of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and one of the working languages of the Council of Europe. It is the second most widely spoken native language in the European Union with 67 million speakers (15% of the EU population), and it is spoken as a second language by 13.4 million EU citizens (3%). Including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries (such as Switzerland, Albania and the United Kingdom) and on other continents, the total number of speakers is approximately 85 million. Italian is the main working language of the Holy See, serving as the lingua franca (common language) in the Roman Catholic hierarchy as well as the official language of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Italian is known as the language of music because of its use in musical terminology and opera. Its influence is also widespread in the arts and in the luxury goods market.\nItalian was adopted by the state after the Unification of Italy, having previously been a literary language based on Tuscan as spoken mostly by the upper class of Florentine society. Its development was also influenced by other Italian languages and to some minor extent, by the Germanic languages of the post-Roman invaders. The incorporation into Italian of learned words from its own ancestor language, Latin, is another form of lexical borrowing through the influence of written language, scientific terminology and the liturgical language of the Church. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the early modern period, most literate Italians were also literate in Latin; and thus they easily adopted Latin words into their writing\u2014and eventually speech\u2014in Italian. Its vowels are the second-closest to Latin after Sardinian. As in most Romance languages, stress is distinctive and, unlike most other Romance languages, Italian retains Latin's contrast between short and long consonants. Almost all native Italian words and syllables finish with pure vowels, a factor that makes Italian words extremely easy to use in rhyming. Italian has a 7 vowel sound system ('e' and 'o' have mid-low and mid-high sounds); Classical Latin had 10, 5 with short and 5 with long sounds.\n\n", "Q123758": "Adam J\u00f3zef Lipi\u0144ski, is an economist, editor and lecturer, as well as a founder of the Law and Justice party in Lower Silesia. He was born in 1956, and is a graduate from II Secondary School in Legnica and the Wroc\u0142aw University of Economics.\nHe has worked at the \u201cHanka\u201d Garment Factory in Legnica, and was a member of the Regional Board of the NSZZ \"S\" (Solidarity) in Wroc\u0142aw and was an activist in the democratic opposition. In the 1970s, he was a member of the Student Committee of Solidarity, then the spokesman of the Committee for Social Self-defence in Legnica. In 1981 he was the head of the Publishing House of Solidarity in Wroc\u0142aw. Until 1989 he had to remain undercover, acting in the conspiratorial underground during the martial law period. Among other things he was the head of the printing unit of the Regional Strike Committee (RKS) in Wroc\u0142aw, he founded the organization Ruch Spo\u0142eczny Solidarno\u015b\u0107 (Social Movement of Solidarity), he was also the editor-in-chief of several books and magazines including Kret Publishing House and the monthlies Konkret, and Nowa Republika, which were distributed mainly in Lower Silesia (Wroc\u0142aw, Legnica, G\u0142og\u00f3w, Jelenia G\u00f3ra and in Warsaw).\nHe has been a political activist since Poland regained independence in 1989. In 1989, he was the president of Democratic Centre association, member of the Civic Committee in Wroc\u0142aw, founder of Centre Alliance in Lower Silesia, and a deputy for this party to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland of the first term (1991\u20131993) as well as the editor-in-chief and then publisher of the nationwide socio-political weekly \u201cNowe Pa\u0144stwo\u201d, which was published in Warsaw.\nHe was a founder of the Law and Justice party in Lower Silesia and a deputy for the Sejm of the 4th and 5th term representing this party in the Legnica and Jelenia G\u00f3ra constituency. On 4 November 2005, he was appointed Secretary of State at the Chancellery of the Prime Minister. From July 2006 to November 2007, he held the position of the Head of the Political Cabinet of Prime Minister Jaros\u0142aw Kaczy\u0144ski where he was responsible for the government\u2019s cooperation with the parliament and for the policy to support democracy in post-communist countries and was the head of a dedicated team to deal with these issues. He was a coordinator for a number of election observations for elections in Ukraine during the so-called Orange Revolution (in total approximately 1,500 people). He was organizer of media projects aimed to support Belarus: Radio Racja and Belsat TV. He was co-author of the law Card of the Pole, which grants special rights to Poles who live abroad in the East. He was the president of the Polish-Moldovan Parliamentary Group. and initiator of projects providing assistance to the Cuban opposition.\nIn the parliamentary election on 25 October 2015 he was re-elected as a deputy for the Sejm of the Republic of Poland from the Law and Justice list in Legnica and Jelenia G\u00f3ra constituency. He is currently the Vice-President of the Law and Justice party, member of the Political Committee of the party and the President of the Regional Council of Lower Silesia and CEO of the Regional Board of Law and Justice in Legnica. In November 2015, he was appointed Secretary of State at the Chancellery of the Prime Minister.\nHe is married and has one child.\n\n", "Q445158": "James Ferguson (August 31, 1797 \u2013 September 26, 1867) was a Scottish-born American astronomer and engineer, who made the first discovery of an asteroid from North America (31 Euphrosyne).\n\n", "Q1139511": "The Arquette family is an American show business family, primarily known for its members' supporting roles or bit parts, marrying into other show business families, off-beat sense of humor, and sometimes leading roles.\n\n", "Q1359249": "Jean-Marc Guillou (born 20 December 1945) is a French football coach and former player, who played at the 1978 World Cup.", "Q162062": "Torah (; Hebrew: \u05ea\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4, \"Instruction\", \"Teaching\" or \"Law\") has a range of meanings. It can most specifically mean the first five books (Pentateuch or five books of Moses) of the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible. This is commonly known as the Written Torah. It can also mean the continued narrative from all the 24 books, from the Book of Genesis to the end of the Tanakh (Chronicles), and it can even mean the totality of Jewish teaching, culture, and practice, whether derived from biblical texts or later rabbinic writings. This is often known as the Oral Torah. Common to all these meanings, Torah consists of the origin of Jewish peoplehood: their call into being by God, their trials and tribulations, and their covenant with their God, which involves following a way of life embodied in a set of moral and religious obligations and civil laws (halakha).\nIf in bound book form, it is usually printed with the rabbinic commentaries (perushim). If meant for liturgic purposes, it takes the form of a Torah scroll (sefer Torah), which contains strictly the five books of Moses.\nIn rabbinic literature the word Torah denotes both the five books (Hebrew: \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d1\u05db\u05ea\u05d1\u200e \"Torah that is written\") and the Oral Torah (\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d4, \"Torah that is spoken\"). The Oral Torah consists of interpretations and amplifications which according to rabbinic tradition have been handed down from generation to generation and are now embodied in the Talmud and Midrash. Rabbinic tradition's understanding is that all of the teachings found in the Torah (both written and oral) were given by God through the prophet Moses, some at Mount Sinai and others at the Tabernacle, and all the teachings were written down by Moses, which resulted in the Torah that exists today. According to the Midrash, the Torah was created prior to the creation of the world, and was used as the blueprint for Creation. The majority of Biblical scholars believe that the written books were a product of the Babylonian captivity (c. 6th century BCE), based on earlier written sources and oral traditions, and that it was completed with final revisions during the post-Exilic period (c. 5th century BCE).Traditionally, the words of the Torah are written on a scroll by a scribe (sofer) in Hebrew. A Torah portion is read publicly at least once every three days in the presence of a congregation. Reading the Torah publicly is one of the bases of Jewish communal life.", "Q196685": "Escape Plan is a 2013 American prison action thriller film starring Sylvester Stallone and Arnold Schwarzenegger, and co-starring Jim Caviezel, 50 Cent, Vinnie Jones, Vincent D'Onofrio and Amy Ryan. It was directed by Swedish filmmaker Mikael H\u00e5fstr\u00f6m, and written by Miles Chapman and Jason Keller (under the anagram pen-name 'Arnell Jesko'). The first film to pair up Stallone and Schwarzenegger as co-leads, it follows Stallone's character Ray Breslin, a structural engineer who is incarcerated in the world's most secret and secure prison, aided in his escape by fellow inmate Emil Rottmayer, portrayed by Schwarzenegger. The film is the first installment of the Escape Plan film series.\nThe film was released in the United States on October 18, 2013, received mixed reviews and grossed $137 million worldwide against a $54 million budget.", "Q57751": "J\u00e9r\u00f4me Cahuzac (born 19 June 1952) is a French cosmetic surgeon and politician who, until his appointment as Junior Minister for the Budget at the Ministry of the Economy, Finance, and External Trade by President Fran\u00e7ois Hollande on 16 May 2012, was a member of the National Assembly of France where he represented Lot-et-Garonne's 3rd constituency on behalf of the Socialist Party.", "Q58304": "Utoni Daniel Nujoma (born 8 September 1952) is a Namibian politician who has served in various government ministerial positions in the government since 2010. \nNujoma is also a member of the Central Committee and Politburo of SWAPO. He is the first born son of Namibia's founding President Sam Nujoma, who was in office as president from 1990 to 2005, and Kovambo Nujoma, the former First Lady of Namibia.", "Q4103721": "Ruben Karlenovich Vardanyan (Armenian: \u054c\u0578\u0582\u0562\u0565\u0576 \u054e\u0561\u0580\u0564\u0561\u0576\u0575\u0561\u0576, Russian: \u0420\u0443\u0431\u0435\u043d \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043d; born May 25, 1968) is an Armenian entrepreneur, Venture philanthropist, and investor, co-founder of Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity, and UWC Dilijan College. Vardanyan initiated and co-founded Moscow School of Management SKOLKOVO, and held its president\u2019s seat in 2006-2010. He is the also founder of the \"Philin\" initiative (philanthropy infrastructure), the co-founder of the family welfare service \"Phoenix Advisors\", and the former CEO and major shareholder of \"Troika Dialog\" investment bank (1992\u20142012).", "Q175278": "Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle is a 1994 American biographical and drama film written by screenwriter/director Alan Rudolph and former Washington Star reporter Randy Sue Coburn. Directed by Rudolph, it starred Jennifer Jason Leigh as the writer Dorothy Parker and depicted the members of the Algonquin Round Table, a group of writers, actors and critics who met almost every weekday from 1919 to 1929 at Manhattan's Algonquin Hotel.\nThe film was an Official Selection at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for the Palme d'Or. The film was a critical but not a commercial success. Leigh won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress.\nPeter Benchley, who played editor Frank Crowninshield, was the grandson of Robert Benchley, the humorist who once worked underneath Crowninshield. Actor Wallace Shawn is the son of William Shawn, the longtime editor of The New Yorker.", "Q1351173": "RTL, formerly Radio Luxembourg, is a French commercial radio network owned by the RTL Group. Founded in 1933 as Radio Luxembourg, the station's name was changed to RTL in 1966. It broadcast from outside France until 1981, because only public stations had been allowed until then.\nIt is a general-interest, news, talk and music station, broadcasting nationally (\"category E\" as classified by the CSA).", "Q510603": "Konstantinos Karamitroudis (Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 born 12 September 1980), also known as Gus G, is a Greek heavy metal guitarist. He currently plays with his band Firewind. He has also played in Mystic Prophecy, Nightrage, Arch Enemy, Dream Evil and for Ozzy Osbourne.", "Q124989": "Karl Diller (born 27 January 1941) is a German politician. Born in Kaiserslautern, Rhineland-Palatinate, he represents the SPD. Karl Diller has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Rhineland-Palatinate from 1987 till 2009.", "Q1930439": "Michal Rovner, also known as Michal Rovner Hammer (born 1957), is an Israeli contemporary artist, she is known for her video, photo and cinema artwork. Rovner is an internationally-known with exhibitions at major museums, including the Louvre (2011) and the Whitney Museum of American Art (2002). She lives between New York City and outside of Jerusalem, Israel, where she has a small farm.\n\n", "Q444520": "Justin Steward Furstenfeld (born December 14, 1975) is a record producer, artist, author, and the lead singer, guitarist, and lyricist of the rock band Blue October.\n\n", "Q751195": "Issam Hussein Naaman (born April 2, 1942) is a Lebanese lawyer, politician, author, lecturer, and former Member of Parliament and Minister of Telecommunications.\n\n", "Q1147965": "Pepe Habichuela (born 1944 as Jos\u00e9 Antonio Carmona Carmona) is a Spanish flamenco guitarist, cited as one of the great flamenco masters and one of Spain's finest contemporary guitarists. He was born in Granada and belongs to a flamenco dynasty of gypsies started by his grandfather, known as \"Habichuela el Viejo\" (Old Bean), who took the nickname, and continued by his father Jos\u00e9 Carmona and his brothers Juan Habichuela (1933), Carlos and Luis.\nIn 1964 he moved to Madrid where he performed in several flamenco shows and shared the stage with artists such as Juanito Valderrama, Camar\u00f3n de la Isla and Enrique Morente. He recorded an album in tribute to singer Antonio Chac\u00f3n which won the National Prize of discography in 1975.He is the father of Jos\u00e9 Miguel Carmona Ni\u00f1o and uncle of Juan Jos\u00e9 Carmona Amaya El Camborio and Antonio Carmona Amaya (sons of his brother Juan Habichuela). The three formed the New Flamenco band Ketama. In 2001, Habichuela released the album Yerbag\u00fcena as part of Pepe Habichuela & The Bollywood Strings, a unique mix of flamenco guitar and Indian string music. He has also experimented with Arabic-flamenco fusion music. He has been described as \"highly emotional\" like Tomatito, with one author saying \"If flamenco has earned its rep as an overly emotional music, it isn't going to be Habichuela who turns it around.\"", "Q61585": "Ludwig Renn (22 April 1889 in Dresden \u2013 21 July 1979 in Berlin) was a German author. Born a Saxon nobleman, he later became a committed communist and lived in East Berlin.", "Q1735616": "Katarina Esm\u00e9 Marie Karn\u00e9us (born November 26, 1965) is a Swedish mezzo-soprano opera singer, winner of the BBC Cardiff Singer of the World competition, active on many of the opera world's major stages such as the Metropolitan Opera and the Paris Opera, and named Hovs\u00e5ngerska by the King of Sweden in 2018.", "Q5233215": "David E. Sweet, (1933\u20131984), academic, was the founding president of innovative Metropolitan State University and later president of Rhode Island College, where he spearheaded the Leadership Rhode Island program and presided over the college's evolution from a normal college into a multipurpose college.", "Q9078": "Latvian (latvie\u0161u valoda [\u02c8latvi\u025b\u0283u \u02c8valu\u0254da]), also known as Lettish, is an Eastern Baltic language spoken in the Baltic region. It is the language of Latvians and the official language of Latvia as well as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 1.3 million native Latvian speakers in Latvia and 100,000 abroad. Altogether, 2 million, or 80% of the population of Latvia, speak Latvian. Of those, around 1.16 million or 62% used it as their primary language at home.As a Baltic language, Latvian is most closely related to neighboring Lithuanian, however Latvian has followed a more rapid development. In addition, there is some disagreement whether Latgalian and Kursenieki, which are mutually intelligible with Latvian, should be considered varieties or separate languages.Latvian first appeared in Western print in the mid-16th century with the reproduction of the Lord's Prayer in Latvian in Sebastian M\u00fcnster's Cosmographia Universalis (1544), in Latin script.", "Q4275169": "Nikolay Alexandrovich Maysuryan (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0443\u0440\u044f\u043d; November 11, 1896 in Tbilisi - November 22, 1967 in Tbilisi) was a Soviet scientist, Academician of the VASKhNIL (since 1958) and Correspondent Member of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences (since 1945), Doktor Nauk in Agricultural Sciences (1944) and Professor at the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy.\nHe graduated from the Georgian Technical University in 1922.\nHe was a student of Dmitry Pryanishnikov.In 1934 he received the title of Professor.\nFrom 1941 to 1961, Professor Maysuryan served as the Dean of the Faculty of Agronomy of the Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy.\nFrom 1958 to 1967, Professor Maysuryan headed the Department of Horticulture at the Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy.\nMember of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union since 1953.\nHe was awarded:\n\nOrder of Lenin (1953, 1965)\nOrder of the Red Banner of Labour (1945)Professor Maysuryan is the author about of 300 scientific papers.\nHis grandson Alexander Maysuryan is a Russian author.", "Q245465": "5x2 (also Cinq fois deux; English: Five Times Two) is a 2004 French film directed by Fran\u00e7ois Ozon, which uncovers the back story to the gradual disintegration of a middle class marriage by depicting five key moments in the relationship, but in reverse order.", "Q1700875": "John Loder (born William John Muir Lowe; 3 January 1898 \u2013 26 December 1988) was established as a British film actor in Germany and Britain before immigrating to the United States in 1928 for work in the new talkies. He worked in Hollywood for two periods, becoming an American citizen in 1947. After living also in Argentina, he became a naturalized British citizen in 1959.", "Q318004": "Antoine C\u00e9sar Becquerel (7 March 1788 \u2013 18 January 1878) was a French scientist and a pioneer in the study of electric and luminescent phenomena.", "Q1424": "Nerva (; Latin: Marcus Cocceius Nerva Caesar Augustus; 8 November 30 \u2013 27 January 98) was Roman emperor from 96 to 98. Nerva became emperor when aged almost 66, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the rulers of the Flavian dynasty. Under Nero, he was a member of the imperial entourage and played a vital part in exposing the Pisonian conspiracy of 65. Later, as a loyalist to the Flavians, he attained consulships in 71 and 90 during the reigns of Vespasian and Domitian, respectively.\nOn 18 September 96, Domitian was assassinated in a palace conspiracy involving members of the Praetorian Guard and several of his freedmen. On the same day, Nerva was declared emperor by the Roman Senate, although it is possible they were approving a decision made by the Praetorian Guard, as rare coins show him speaking with this group. As the new ruler of the Roman Empire, he vowed to restore liberties which had been curtailed during the autocratic government of Domitian.\nNerva's brief reign was marred by financial difficulties and his inability to assert his authority over the Roman army. A revolt by the Praetorian Guard in October 97 essentially forced him to adopt an heir. After some deliberation Nerva adopted Trajan, a young and popular general, as his successor. After barely fifteen months in office, Nerva died of natural causes on 27 January 98. Upon his death he was succeeded and deified by Trajan.\nAlthough much of his life remains obscure, Nerva was considered a wise and moderate emperor by ancient historians. Nerva's greatest success was his ability to ensure a peaceful transition of power after his death by selecting Trajan as his heir, thus founding the Nerva\u2013Antonine dynasty.", "Q51885404": "(G)I-dle (Korean: (\uc5ec\uc790)\uc544\uc774\ub4e4; RR: Yeoja Aideul), stylized as (G)I-DLE, is a South Korean multinational girl group formed by Cube Entertainment in 2018. The group consists of six members: Miyeon, Minnie, Soojin, Soyeon, Yuqi, and Shuhua. The group debuted on May 2, 2018, with their first extended play titled I Am.", "Q255676": "Joseph Whipp (born July 12, 1941) is an American actor who has starred in many films and starred on television. He is known for playing police officers in films and on television, too.\nHe also taught drama at Carlmont High School in the 70\u2019s.\nHis first role was in the 1979 movie Escape from Alcatraz as a prison guard. He later on appeared in the 1984 horror movie A Nightmare on Elm Street as a cop and the 1987 science fiction movie The Hidden. He also starred in the 1996 hit horror movie Scream as a sheriff as well as the 1989 horror video classic Death Spa as the ill-fated paranormal investigator Dr. Lido Moray. His most recent film is in the 2010 movie Downstream.\nWhipp has starred in the soap operas Generations as Charles Mullen from 1989\u20131990, and on General Hospital as Marty in 1991. He has made many guest appearances on television series, including Lou Grant, The Dukes of Hazzard, Golden Girls, Night Court, Cheers, ER , Monk and The Middle.", "Q317337": "Matthew William Goode (born 3 April 1978) is an English actor. He made his screen debut in 2002 with ABC's TV film feature Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister. His breakthrough role was in the romantic comedy, Chasing Liberty (2004), for which he received a nomination at Teen Choice Awards for Choice Breakout Movie Star \u2013 Male. He then appeared in a string of supporting roles in films like Woody Allen's Match Point (2005), the German-British romantic comedy Imagine Me and You (2006), and the period drama Copying Beethoven (2006). He won praise for his performance as Charles Ryder in Julian Jarrold's adaptation of Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited (2008), and as Ozymandias in the American neo-noir superhero film Watchmen (2009), based on DC Comics' limited series of the same name. He then starred in romantic comedy Leap Year (2010) and Australian drama Burning Man (2011), the latter earning him a nomination for Best Actor at the Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards.\nOther notable film roles include The Lookout (2007), A Single Man (2009), Cemetery Junction (2010), Stoker (2013), Belle (2013), The Imitation Game (2014) and Self/less (2015). As well as appearing in films, Goode has appeared in numerous television shows. His most notable television roles include Henry Talbot in the final season of historical drama Downton Abbey, and Finley \"Finn\" Polmar in the CBS legal drama The Good Wife. He also had a lead role in the critically acclaimed British mini-serial Dancing on the Edge, as music journalist Stanley Mitchell, for which he earned a nomination for Best Actor in a Miniseries or a Television Film at the Satellite Awards. In 2017, Goode portrayed Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon in the Netflix biographical drama series The Crown, for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Star in a Drama Series. He currently stars in Sky One's fantasy-romance series, A Discovery of Witches, as Professor Matthew Clairmont and is filming Matthew Vaughn's Kingsman prequel, The King's Man.", "Q281341": "Maxine Sullivan (May 13, 1911 \u2013 April 7, 1987), born Marietta Williams in Homestead, Pennsylvania, was an American jazz vocalist and performer.\nAs a vocalist, Maxine Sullivan was active for half a century, from the mid-1930s to just before her death in 1987. She is best known for her 1937 recording of a swing version of the Scottish folk song \"Loch Lomond\". Throughout her career, Sullivan also appeared as a performer on film as well as on stage. A precursor to better-known later vocalists such as Ella Fitzgerald and Sarah Vaughan, Maxine Sullivan is considered one of the best jazz vocalists of the 1930s. Singer Peggy Lee named Sullivan as a key influence in several interviews.", "Q166562": "Ornella Muti (born Francesca Romana Rivelli; 9 March 1955) is an Italian actress.", "Q243014": "Ida Maria B\u00f8rli Sivertsen ( EE-d\u0259; born 13 July 1984), better known simply as Ida Maria, is a Norwegian musician and songwriter. Her first album, Fortress Round My Heart, was released in 2008. In November 2010, she released her second album Katla in Norway; the album was released internationally on 7 June 2011. In August 2013, Maria digitally released her third album Love Conquers All in Norway.", "Q111932": "Bernhard Reichenbach (1888 in Berlin \u2013 1975 in London) was a member of the Executive Committee of the Communist International. He was a member of the Communist Workers' Party of Germany and acted as their delegate to the Third Congress of the Third International.\nHe was born in Berlin in 1888, the son of Bruno Reichenbach. His younger brother, Hans Reichenbach would go on to become a leading philosopher of science. \nBernhard was a conscientious objector but felt it was his duty to serve his country. He therefore volunteered for the medical corps and served in the German army during the First World War between 1915\u20131917. His time in the medical corps saw him serve at the Battle of Verdun. Bernhard was awarded the Iron Cross during his years of service, ultimately throwing his medal into the River Spree following the rise of the Nazis. Bernhard joined the German Foreign Office following discharge from the medical corps, where he served until 1919. \nBernhard joined the Communist Workers' Party of Germany and, in 1921 shortly after the birth of his son, Hanno, travelled to the Soviet Union as one of the party's representatives. At the Third Congress of the Third International, Bernhard held discussions with Vladimir Lenin.Reichenbach was a trained economist and subsequently worked as a purchasing agent for a chemical company.With the coming to power of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party, Reichenbach -- as a German of Jewish descent, and with communist political beliefs, came under threat and fled to Great Britain via the Netherlands. During the Second World War, he worked for the British Foreign office, on various anti-Nazi publications which were distributed around Germany; he would later be awarded the Verdienstkreuz 1, Klasse, the German equivalent of an O.B.E., for this work.\nReichenbach married Ilze Rosendorn, with whom he had two children, Hanno and Tania. Hanno attended Great Ayton Friends' School, with several other German or Austrian refugees.", "Q461788": "David Alexander Wolf (born August 23, 1956) is an American astronaut, medical doctor and electrical engineer. Wolf has been to space four times. Three of his spaceflights were short-duration Space Shuttle missions, the first of which was STS-58 in 1993, and his most recent spaceflight was STS-127 in 2009. Wolf also took part in a long-duration mission aboard the Russian space station Mir which lasted 128 days, and occurred during Mir EO-24. He was brought to Mir aboard STS-86 in September 1997, and landed aboard STS-89 in January 1998. In total Wolf has logged more than 4,040 hours in space. He is also a veteran of 7 spacewalks totaling 41hrs 17min in both Russian and American spacesuits.", "Q176771": "Hassan Bubacar Jallow (born 14 August 1951) is a Gambian judge who has served as Chief Justice of the Gambia since February 2017. He was the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) from 2003 to 2015, and Prosecutor of the Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals (MICT) from 2012 to 2016. He served as Minister of Justice and Attorney General from 1984 to 1994 under President Dawda Jawara.\n\n", "Q436808": "Joanna Natalia Jab\u0142czy\u0144ska (born December 9, 1985 in Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish actress and singer.\n\n", "Q514465": "Lawrence Beesley (31 December 1877 \u2013 14 February 1967) was an English science teacher, journalist and author who was a survivor of the sinking of RMS Titanic.", "Q94054": "Leslie Purnell Davies (20 October 1914 \u2013 6 January 1988) was a British novelist whose works typically combine elements of horror, science fiction and mystery. He also wrote many short stories under several pseudonyms, including: L. Purnell Davies, Leo Berne, Richard Bridgeman, Morgan Evans, Ian Jefferson, Lawrence Phillips, Thomas Philips, G. K. Thomas, Leslie Vardre, and Rowland Welch.", "Q124779": "Annette Langen is a German author of children's and young adults\u2019 literature. She was born 29 April 1967 in Leverkusen, Germany, and is known for her picture book series about Felix, a traveling stuffed rabbit.", "Q1045828": "The University of East Anglia (UEA) is a public research university in Norwich, England. Established in 1963 on a 320 acres (130 hectares) campus west of the city centre, the university has four faculties and 26 schools of study. The annual income of the institution for 2016\u201317 was \u00a3273.7 million of which \u00a335.6 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3262.6 million.As of 2020, the university is ranked 21st in the UK by The Complete University Guide, 23rd by The Times and Sunday Times, and 30th by The Guardian.", "Q240535": "Guys and Balls (German: M\u00e4nner wie wir, literally Men like us, UK title: Balls) is a 2004 sports comedy/romance film by German American director Sherry Hormann about a gay goalkeeper who assembles a gay-only soccer team to play against his ex-team, which fired him due to homophobia.\n\n", "Q1086863": "A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions.\nColumns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs. They take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. In some instances, a column has been written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, or (in effect) a brand name. Some columnists appear on a daily or weekly basis and later reprint the same material in book collections.", "Q729006": "Chatham ( CHAT-\u0259m) is one of the Medway towns located within the Medway unitary authority, in North Kent, in South East England.\nThe town developed around Chatham Dockyard and several Army barracks, together with 19th-century forts which provided a defensive shield for the dockyard. The Corps of Royal Engineers is still based in Chatham at Brompton Barracks. \nThe Dockyard closed in 1984, but the remaining major naval buildings are an attraction for a flourishing tourist industry. Following closure, part of the site was developed as a commercial port, other parts were redeveloped for business and residential use, and part was used as the Chatham Historic Dockyard museum. Its attractions include the submarine HMS Ocelot. \nThe town has important road links and the railway and bus stations are the main interchanges for the area. It is the administrative headquarters of Medway unitary authority, as well as its principal shopping centre.\n\n", "Q1823479": "A theatre lighting designer (or LD) works with the director, choreographer, set designer, costume designer, and sound designer to create the lighting, atmosphere, and time of day for the production in response to the text, while keeping in mind issues of visibility, safety, and cost. The LD also works closely with the stage manager or show control programming, if show control systems are used in that production. Outside stage lighting, the job of a Lighting Designer can be much more diverse and they can be found working on rock and pop tours, corporate launches, art installation and on massive celebration spectaculars, for example the Olympic Games opening and closing ceremonies.", "Q259064": "Christa B. Allen (born November 11, 1991) is an American actress. She is known for playing the younger version of Jennifer Garner's characters in 13 Going on 30 (2004) and Ghosts of Girlfriends Past (2009), as well as for her role as socialite Charlotte Grayson on the ABC drama series Revenge.", "Q2105": "Jacques Ren\u00e9 Chirac (UK: SHEER-ak, US: (listen) sheer-AHK, French: [\u0292ak \u0281\u0259ne \u0283i\u0281ak] (listen); 29 November 1932 \u2013 26 September 2019) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. Chirac was previously the Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988, as well as the Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.\nAfter attending the \u00c9cole nationale d'administration, Chirac began his career as a high-level civil servant, entering politics shortly thereafter. Chirac occupied various senior positions, including Minister of Agriculture and Minister of the Interior. Chirac's internal policies initially included lower tax rates, the removal of price controls, strong punishment for crime and terrorism, and business privatisation. After pursuing these policies in his second term as Prime Minister, he changed his views. He argued for more socially responsible economic policies and was elected President in the 1995 presidential election with 52.6% of the vote in the second round, beating Socialist Lionel Jospin, after campaigning on a platform of healing the \"social rift\" (fracture sociale). Then, Chirac's economic policies, based on dirigisme, allowing for state-directed investment, stood in opposition to the laissez-faire policies of the United Kingdom under the ministries of Margaret Thatcher and John Major, which Chirac described as \"Anglo-Saxon ultraliberalism\".He was also known for his stand against the American-led assault on Iraq, his recognition of the collaborationist French Government's role in deporting Jews, and his reduction of the presidential term from 7 years to 5 through a referendum in 2000. At the 2002 French presidential election, he won 82.2% of the vote in the second round against the far-right candidate, Jean-Marie Le Pen. During his second term, however, he had a very low approval rating and was considered one of the least popular presidents in modern French political history.\nIn 2011, the Paris court declared Chirac guilty of diverting public funds and abusing public confidence, giving him a two-year suspended prison sentence.", "Q20297": "Li Zongren or Li Tsung-jen (Chinese: \u674e\u5b97\u4ec1; 13 August 1890 \u2013 30 January 1969), courtesy name Delin (Te-lin; \u5fb7\u9130), was a prominent Guangxi warlord and Kuomintang (KMT) military commander during the Northern Expedition, Second Sino-Japanese War and Chinese Civil War. He served as vice-president and acting President of the Republic of China under the 1947 Constitution.\n\n", "Q49221": "Scottsdale is a city in the eastern part of Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, part of the Greater Phoenix Area. Named Scottsdale in 1894 after its founder Winfield Scott, a retired U.S. Army chaplain, the city was incorporated in 1951 with a population of 2,000. The 2018 population of the city was estimated to be 255,310 according to the U.S. Census Bureau. The New York Times described downtown Scottsdale as \"a desert version of Miami's South Beach\" and as having \"plenty of late night partying and a buzzing hotel scene.\" Its slogan is \"The West's Most Western Town.\"Scottsdale, 31 miles long and 11.4 miles wide at its widest point, shares boundaries with many other municipalities and entities. On the west, Scottsdale is bordered by Phoenix, Paradise Valley and unincorporated Maricopa County land. Carefree is located along the western boundary, as well as sharing Scottsdale's northern boundary with the Tonto National Forest. To the south Scottsdale is bordered by Tempe. The southern boundary is also occupied by the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, which extends along the eastern boundary, which also borders Fountain Hills, the McDowell Mountain Regional Park and more unincorporated Maricopa County land.", "Q87996": "Peter Rauhofer (29 April 1965 \u2013 7 May 2013) was an Austrian-American disc jockey (DJ), remixer and producer who formerly went under the moniker Club 69 as well as Size Queen. A native of Vienna, Austria, he was famous for a variety of his remixes including Cher's \"Believe\" and a number of Madonna's songs including \"Nothing Really Matters\", \"American Life\", \"Nothing Fails\", \"Nobody Knows Me\", \"Get Together\", \"Impressive Instant\" and \"4 Minutes\", as well as her collaboration with Britney Spears, \"Me Against the Music\" and various collaborations with Janet Jackson (\"Throb\" and \"Just A Little While\" to name a few). He has also provided remixes for Kylie Minogue, Whitney Houston, Jessica Simpson, Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Yoko Ono, Pink, Tori Amos, Pet Shop Boys, Depeche Mode, Yazoo, Frankie Goes To Hollywood, Book Of Love, Soft Cell, Duran Duran and Mariah Carey, among others. He was also behind the tribal house record label Star 69 and was a frequent producer of the label's releases.", "Q659293": "Lenzburg District is a district of the Canton of Aargau in Switzerland, lying at the center of the canton. The district capital is the town of Lenzburg. It has a population of 63,028 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q214164": "Bellevue ( BEL-vyoo) is a city in the Eastside region of King County, Washington, United States, across Lake Washington from Seattle. As the third-largest city in the Seattle metropolitan area, Bellevue has variously been characterized as an edge city, a suburb, boomburb, or satellite city. Its population was 122,363 at the 2010 census and 147,599 in a 2018 census estimate.\nAs of 2019, the city promotes itself as a diverse, global city at the heart of Seattle's Eastside, and home to some of the world's most innovative technology companies. Prior to 2008, downtown Bellevue underwent rapid change, with many high-rise projects under construction, and was relatively unaffected by the economic downturn. The downtown area is currently the second-largest city center in Washington state, with 1,300 businesses, 45,000 employees, and 10,200 residents. Based on per capita income, Bellevue is the sixth-wealthiest of 522 communities in the state of Washington. In 2008, Bellevue was number one in CNNMoney's list of the best places to live and launch a business, and in 2010 was again ranked as the fourth-best place to live in America. In 2014, Bellevue was ranked as the second-best place to live by USA Today. More than 145 companies have been located in Bellevue. Current companies with headquarters in Bellevue include PACCAR Inc, T-Mobile, and Valve.\nThe name \"Bellevue\" is derived from the French words for \"beautiful view\".", "Q504886": "Olivier Martinez (born 12 January 1966)\nis a French film actor. He became known after roles in several French films such as Un, deux, trois, soleil (1993), which garnered him the C\u00e9sar Award for \"Most Promising Actor\", The Horseman on the Roof (1995), and The Chambermaid on the Titanic (1997). He has also appeared in Hollywood-produced features, including the drama Before Night Falls (2000), the erotic thriller Unfaithful (2002) and playing the role of a French drug lord in the action-crime-thriller S.W.A.T. (2003).", "Q131412": "Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 \u2013 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, reigned over Scotland from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567.\nMary, the only surviving legitimate child of King James V of Scotland, was six days old when her father died and she acceded to the throne. She spent most of her childhood in France while Scotland was ruled by regents, and in 1558, she married the Dauphin of France, Francis. Mary was queen consort of France from his accession in 1559 until his death in December 1560. Widowed, Mary returned to Scotland, arriving in Leith on 19 August 1561. Four years later, she married her half-cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, and in June 1566 they had a son, James.\nIn February 1567, Darnley's residence was destroyed by an explosion, and he was found murdered in the garden. James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, was generally believed to have orchestrated Darnley's death, but he was acquitted of the charge in April 1567, and the following month he married Mary. Following an uprising against the couple, Mary was imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle. On 24 July 1567, she was forced to abdicate in favour of her one-year-old son. After an unsuccessful attempt to regain the throne, she fled southward seeking the protection of her first cousin once removed, Queen Elizabeth I of England. \nMary had once claimed Elizabeth's throne as her own and was considered the legitimate sovereign of England by many English Catholics, including participants in a rebellion known as the Rising of the North. Perceiving Mary as a threat, Elizabeth had her confined in various castles and manor houses in the interior of England. After eighteen and a half years in custody, Mary was found guilty of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth in 1586, and was beheaded the following year at Fotheringhay Castle.", "Q669350": "Jona is a former municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q349505": "Belmiro Mendes de Azevedo (17 February 1938 \u2013 29 November 2017) was a Portuguese entrepreneur, ranked by Forbes as the 605th richest person in the world (2008), as well as the 2nd richest in Portugal, with an estimated wealth of US$ 2 billion. He owned a controlling stake in Sonae SGPS, one of the largest business groups in Portugal, which also operates in Spain, Greece, Germany, Italy, Turkey and Brazil.\nSonae is a Portuguese leader in real estate and retailing and also has investments in telecommunications, tourism, venture capital, and the media. In 2006, Sonae launched an unsuccessful hostile bid to control Portugal Telecom (PT), the number one Portuguese telecommunications operator.\nAzevedo, a carpenter and a tailor's son from Marco de Canaveses, had a degree in chemical engineering from the University of Porto and an MBA from Harvard University.\nAzevedo's shares were acquired to the estate of late banker Afonso Pinto de Magalh\u00e3es who, through his bank Banco Pinto de Magalh\u00e3es, fully owned Sonae. Magalh\u00e3es put Azevedo in charge of Sonae during the turbulent years following the 1974 Carnation Revolution that culminated in the seizure of the company by the Government. It was the success in keeping the company running during these years, plus the also successful reclaiming of the company ownership, that led the deceased banker's family to cede the control of Sonae to Azevedo, but not before a protracted legal battle between him and the banker's sons, whom Azevedo accused of incompetence and cockiness.He was married to Maria Margarida Carvalhais Teixeira and had three children: Duarte Paulo Teixeira de Azevedo, born 31 December 1965 and married to Nicole Katharina Gerkrath, his father's successor in the company business, Maria Cl\u00e1udia Teixeira de Azevedo and Nuno Miguel Teixeira de Azevedo, who also followed his father's footsteps in the family business.He died in the CUF Hospital in Porto, on 29 November 2017.", "Q170328": "Eric Daniel Pierre Cantona (French pronunciation: \u200b[e\u0281ik k\u0251\u0303tona]; born 24 May 1966) is a French actor, director, producer, and former professional footballer. He played for Auxerre, Martigues, Marseille, Bordeaux, Montpellier, N\u00eemes, and Leeds United before ending his career at Manchester United, where he won four Premier League titles in five years and two League and FA Cup Doubles. He won the league championship in seven of his last eight full seasons as a professional. At international level, he played for the French national team.\nA large, physically strong, hard-working, and tenacious forward who combined technical skill and creativity with power and goalscoring ability, Cantona is often regarded as having played a key role in the revival of Manchester United as a footballing force in the 1990s and having an iconic status at the club. He wore the No. 7 shirt at Manchester United, and is known for turning up his collar. Cantona is affectionately nicknamed by Manchester United fans as \"King Eric\" and was voted as the team's greatest ever player by Inside United magazine. Set against his achievements in football was a poor disciplinary record for much of his career, including a 1995 conviction for an assault on a fan for which he received an eight-month suspension.Following his retirement from football in 1997, he took up a career in cinema and had a role in the 1998 film Elizabeth, starring Cate Blanchett, the 2008 film French Film, and the 2009 film Looking for Eric. In 2010, he debuted as a stage actor in Face au Paradis, a play directed by his wife, Rachida Brakni. Cantona also took an interest in the sport of beach soccer, and as player-manager of the France national team, he won the 2005 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup.Charismatic and outspoken, Cantona was an inaugural inductee into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002. The museum states that \"the enigmatic Frenchman was one of the Premier League's most controversial players ever\". At the Premier League 10 Seasons Awards in 2003, he was voted the Overseas Player of the Decade. In 2004, he was named by Pel\u00e9 in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players.", "Q118080": "Susanne Zeller, n\u00e9e Hirzel (7 November 1921 in Untersteinbach \u2013 4 December 2012), was a member of the resistance group \"White Rose\", for which she was arrested and convicted, but avoided the death penalty.", "Q274690": "Ingerid Vardund (24 April 1927 \u2013 25 December 2006) was a Norwegian actress. She was known to the Norwegian audience primarily for her roles in the films Jentespranget (1973) and the sit-com Hjemme hos oss (1980). For her role in Jentespranget, she won the award for Best Actress at the 8th Moscow International Film Festival.Vardund debuted on stage in 1947 at the Chat Noir, and on the screen five years later with the movie Andrine og Kjell. In 1971 she toured in Japan with Nationaltheatret (the National Theatre) as Nora in A Doll's House. She acted in a number of movies, and worked at Nationaltheatret from 1958 to 1993.", "Q347528": "W\u0142adziu Valentino Liberace (May 16, 1919 \u2013 February 4, 1987) was an American pianist, singer and actor. A child prodigy born in Wisconsin to parents of Italian and Polish origin, Liberace enjoyed a career spanning four decades of concerts, recordings, television, motion pictures, and endorsements. At the height of his fame, from the 1950s to the 1970s, Liberace was the highest-paid entertainer in the world, with established concert residencies in Las Vegas, and an international touring schedule. Liberace embraced a lifestyle of flamboyant excess both on and off stage, acquiring the nickname \"Mr. Showmanship\".\n\n", "Q12543": "Hauts-de-Seine (, French: [o d(\u0259) s\u025bn] (listen); literally \"Seine Heights\") is a department of France located in the region of \u00cele-de-France. It is part of the Grand Paris as it covers the western inner suburbs of Paris. With a population of 1,603,268 (as of 2016) and a total area of 176 square kilometres (68 square miles), it is the second-most highly densely populated department of France. Hauts-de-Seine is best known for containing the modern office, theatre and shopping complex La D\u00e9fense. Its inhabitants are called Altos\u00e9quanais.", "Q80021": "Daugavpils (Latvian pronunciation: [\u02c8dau\u0261aupils] (listen); Latgalian: Daugpi\u013cs [\u02c8da\u028ak\u02b2p\u02b2il\u02b2s\u02b2]; Russian: \u0414\u0430\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0432\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0441 [\u02c8da\u028a\u0261\u0259fp\u02b2\u026als]; Polish: Dyneburg; see other names) is a city in south-eastern Latvia, located on the banks of the Daugava River, from which the city gets its name. It is the second-largest city in the country after the capital Riga, which is located some 230 kilometres (143 miles) to its north-west.\n\nDaugavpils is located relatively close to Belarus and Lithuania (distances of 33 km (21 mi) and 25 km (16 mi) respectively), and some 120 km (75 mi) from the Latvian border with Russia. Daugavpils is a major railway junction and industrial centre and lies approximately midway between Riga and Minsk, and between Warsaw and Saint Petersburg.\nDaugavpils, then Dyneburg, was the capital of Polish Livonia while in Poland. Following the first partition of Poland in 1772, the city became part of the Russian Empire. Since the Second World War, it has maintained an overwhelmingly Russian-speaking population, with Latvians and Poles being significant minorities. Historically, German and Yiddish were additional prominent native languages.", "Q470875": "Muthuvel Karunanidhi (3 June 1924 \u2013 7 August 2018) was an Indian writer and politician who served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for almost two decades over five terms between 1969 and 2011. He had the longest tenure as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu with 6,863 days in office. He was also a long-standing leader of the Dravidian movement and ten-time president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political party. Before entering politics, he worked in the Tamil film industry as a screenwriter. He also made contributions to Tamil literature, having written stories, plays, novels, and a multiple-volume memoir. He was popularly referred to as \"Kalaignar\" (Artist) and \"Mutthamizharignar\" (Tamil Scholar) for his contributions to Tamil literature.Karunanidhi died on 7 August 2018 at Kauvery Hospital in Chennai after prolonged, age-related illness.", "Q503657": "Yakov Arkadyevich Yakovlev (real name: Epstein; Russian: \u042f\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432, 9 June 1896, Grodno - 29 July 1938) was a Soviet politician.\nYakovlev was a Soviet Communist of Jewish family who joined the Bolsheviks in 1913. In January 1923 he led the attack on Alexander Bogdanov, criticizing him for being a Menshevik in Pravda. From 1929 he served as People's Commissar for Agriculture for the forced collectivisation. In 1936 he appeared as a witness in the first Moscow trial. Arrested on October 12, 1937, and sentenced to death by the Military College of the Supreme Court of the USSR. He was executed on July 29, 1938. Posthumously rehabilitated on 5 January 1957.", "Q1443710": "Frank Michael Spinath (born 1969) is a German psychologist and musician. He is a professor of psychology at Saarland University, known for his research in the field of differential psychology. As a musician, he is known as the vocalist of the electronic duo Seabound.", "Q290502": "Cristina Peri Rossi is a Uruguayan novelist, poet, translator, and author of short stories.\nConsidered a leading light of the post-1960s period of prominence of the Latin-American novel, she has written more than 37 works.\n\n", "Q660374": "Gl\u00e2ne District (German: Gl\u00e2nebezirk French: District de la Gl\u00e2ne) is one of seven districts in the Canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It has a population of 24,337 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q12225": "Murcia (, also US: , Spanish: [\u02c8mu\u027e\u03b8ja] (listen)) is a city in south-eastern Spain, the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia, and the seventh largest city in the country, with a population of 447,182 inhabitants in 2018 (about one third of the total population of the Region). The population of the metropolitan area was 689,591 in 2010.\nIt is located on the Segura River, in the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, noted by a climate with hot summers, mild winters, and relatively low precipitation.\nMurcia was founded by the emir of Cordoba Abd ar-Rahman II in 825 with the name Mursiyah (Arabic: \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629). It is now mainly a services city and a university town. Highlights for visitors include the Cathedral of Murcia and a number of baroque buildings, renowned local cuisine, Holy Week procession works of art by the famous Murcian sculptor Francisco Salzillo, and the Fiestas de Primavera (Spring Festival).\nThe city, as the capital of the comarca Huerta de Murcia is called Europe's orchard due to its long agricultural tradition and its fruit, vegetable, and flower production and exports.\nMurcia is located near the center of a low-lying fertile plain known as the huerta (orchard or vineyard) of Murcia. The Segura River and its right-hand tributary, the Guadalent\u00edn, run through the area. The city has an elevation of 43 metres (141 ft) above sea level and its municipality covers approximately 882 square kilometres (341 sq mi).\nThe best known and most dominant aspect of the municipal area's landscape is the orchard. In addition to the orchard and urban zones, the great expanse of the municipal area is made up of different landscapes: badlands, groves of Carrasco pine trees in the precoastal mountain ranges and, towards the south, a semi-steppe region. A large natural park, the Parque Regional de Carrascoy y el Valle, lies just to the south of the city.", "Q350732": "Xavier Samuel (born 10 December 1983) is an Australian actor. He has appeared in leading roles in the feature films \nAdore, September, Further We Search, Newcastle, The Loved Ones, Frankenstein, A Few Best Men, and played Riley Biers in The Twilight Saga: Eclipse and Billy in Spin Out.", "Q805877": "Balzac (typeset as BALZAC) is a Japanese punk band formed in 1992 in Kyoto. The band was founded by singer and songwriter Hirosuke Nishiyama, who has remained the only constant member of the band since its creation. Since the beginning, Balzac was highly influenced by the sound and image of the famous horror punk band The Misfits and, especially during the very early years, Glenn Danzig's Samhain, adopting and combining the musical and visual style of both bands to create their own. The band often stays away from the \"campy\" horror lyrics and image found in most horror punk bands, as the lyrics by Hirosuke tend to be more like dark poetry and, though not always serious, deal with themes of darkness, loneliness and fear.\nThe band has gained a certain amount of recognition and exposure outside of their native country, where they are well known. Currently they have five official clothing brands (Shocker!!!, Dementia 13, Culture, XXXxxx and Balzac) with one store in Japan, plus three online stores (Shocker Webstore, Shocker World Wide and Shocker EU). They also have their own official record label called Evilegend 13 Records on which they have released EPs, singles and videos. Balzac is also well known for its toy releases, some created by the companies T.W.I.M. and Secret Base, and its extensive discography and side-projects.\nThe current lineup of the band consists of Hirosuke Nishiyama (vocals), Atsushi Nakagawa (guitar/chorus), Akio Imai (bass/chorus) and Takayuki Manabe (drums/digital effects/chorus). Musically the band has drawn from punk, pop, industrial and noise, across their various releases.\n\n", "Q44063": "Laura Jeanne Reese Witherspoon (born March 22, 1976) is an American actress, producer, and entrepreneur. The recipient of several accolades, including an Academy Award and a Primetime Emmy Award, she is among the highest-paid actresses in the world, as of 2019. Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2006 and 2015, and Forbes listed her among the World's 100 Most Powerful Women in 2019.\nBorn in New Orleans, Louisiana, and raised in Nashville, Tennessee, Witherspoon began her career as a teenager, making her screen debut in The Man in the Moon (1991). Following a leading role opposite Mark Wahlberg in Fear (1996), her breakthrough came in 1999 with a supporting role in Cruel Intentions and for her portrayal of Tracy Flick in the black comedy Election. She achieved wider recognition with her role as Elle Woods in the comedy Legally Blonde (2001) and its 2003 sequel, and for her starring role in the romantic comedy Sweet Home Alabama (2002). In 2005, her portrayal of June Carter Cash in the biographical musical film Walk the Line garnered critical acclaim and won her the Academy Award for Best Actress.\nFollowing a career downturn, during which her sole commercial success was the romantic drama Water for Elephants (2011), Witherspoon made her career comeback when she produced the thriller Gone Girl and the drama Wild (both 2014), under her production company Hello Sunshine. She also starred as Cheryl Strayed in the latter, for which she received a second nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Witherspoon ventured into television by producing and starring in the HBO drama series Big Little Lies (2017\u20132019), the Apple TV+ drama series The Morning Show (2019), and the Hulu miniseries Little Fires Everywhere (2020). For the first of these, she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series.\nWitherspoon also owns a clothing company Draper James, and she is actively involved in children's and women's advocacy organizations. She serves on the board of the Children's Defense Fund (CDF) and was named Global Ambassador of Avon Products in 2007, serving as honorary chair of the charitable Avon Foundation. She received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2010.", "Q3030370": "Gustav Wilhelm Wolff (14 November 1834 \u2013 17 April 1913) was a German-born British shipbuilder and politician. Born in Hamburg, he moved to Liverpool in 1849 to live with his uncle, Gustav Christian Schwabe. After serving his apprenticeship in Manchester, Wolff was employed as a draughtsman in Hyde, Greater Manchester, before being employed by the shipbuilder Edward Harland in Belfast as his personal assistant. In 1861, Wolff became a partner at Harland's firm, forming Harland and Wolff. Outside shipbuilding, Wolff served as a Belfast Harbour Commissioner. He also founded the Belfast Ropeworks, served as Member of Parliament for Belfast East for 18 years and as a member of the Conservative and Unionist Party and Irish and Ulster Unionist parties.", "Q1283009": "Edward Adrain Zack (January 2, 1922 to January 9, 2002) was an American country music artist. Zack was primarily known for his appearances on various radio shows.", "Q733738": "Melbourne Airport (IATA: MEL, ICAO: YMML), colloquially known as Tullamarine Airport, is the primary airport serving the city of Melbourne, and the second busiest airport in Australia. It opened in 1970 to replace the nearby Essendon Airport. Melbourne Airport is the main international airport of the four airports serving the Melbourne metropolitan area, the other international airport being Avalon Airport.\nThe airport comprises four terminals: one international terminal, two domestic terminals and one budget domestic terminal. It is 23 kilometres (14 miles) northwest of the city centre, adjacent to the suburb of Tullamarine. The airport has its own suburb and postcode\u2014Melbourne Airport, Victoria (postcode 3045).In 2016\u201317 around 25 million domestic passengers and 10 million international passengers used the airport. The Melbourne\u2013Sydney air route is the third most-travelled passenger air route in the world. The airport features direct flights to 33 domestic destinations and to destinations in the Pacific, Europe, Asia, North America and South America. Melbourne Airport is the number one arrival/departure point for the airports of four of Australia's eight other capital cities. Melbourne serves as a major hub for Qantas and Virgin Australia, while Jetstar Airways and Tigerair Australia utilise the airport as home base. Domestically, Melbourne serves as headquarters for Australian airExpress and Toll Priority and handles more domestic freight than any other airport in the nation.", "Q86336": "Richard Sammel (born 13 October 1960) is a German actor. He is best known for his role as Thomas Eichhorst on the FX television series The Strain (2014\u20132017).\nHe has appeared in more than 100 films and television series since 1991.", "Q600480": "Henry Winter (born 18 February 1963) is an English sports journalist. He is currently the Chief Football Writer for The Times, and previously a Football Correspondent for The Daily Telegraph.", "Q931278": "\u00c9leuth\u00e8re \u00c9lie Nicolas Mascart (20 February 1837 \u2013 24 August 1908) was a noted French physicist, a researcher in optics, electricity, magnetism, and meteorology.", "Q960751": "Louis Adolphe Cochery (26 August 1819 \u2013 13 October 1900) was a French politician and journalist.", "Q89005": "Franz-Benno Delonge (1957 \u2013 September 2, 2007) was a designer of German-style board games. He has been nominated for multiple best game awards, including Spiel des Jahres and International Gamers Awards. TransAmerica won the Mensa best mind game award for 2003. He died of cancer on September 2, 2007.", "Q34584": "Anastacia Lyn Newkirk ( AN-\u0259-STAY-zh\u0259; born September 17, 1968) is an American singer-songwriter, producer and former dancer. Her first two albums Not That Kind (2000) and Freak of Nature (2001) were released in quick succession to major success. Spurred on by the multi-platinum, global smash \"I'm Outta Love\", Anastacia was awarded as the 'World's Best-Selling New Female Pop Artist' in 2001. Her commercial success continued with international hits such as \"Paid My Dues\", \"One Day In Your Life\" and the official song of the 2002 FIFA World Cup, \"Boom\". After recovering from cancer, she returned with 2004's Anastacia which deviated from previous albums into pop-rock. Peaking at number one in 11 countries, it became Europe's second biggest selling album of the year. Its lead single \"Left Outside Alone\" remained at number one on the European Billboard chart for 15 weeks and helped Anastacia launch the most successful European tour by a solo artist that same year. The album also spawned another three singles: \"Sick and Tired\", \"Welcome to My Truth\", and \"Heavy on My Heart\".\nIn 2005, the multi-platinum compilation project Pieces of a Dream was released which spawned the chart topping duet with Eros Ramazzotti, \"I Belong to You (Il Ritmo della Passione)\". Her fourth studio album Heavy Rotation (2008) produced the songs \"Absolutely Positively\", \"Defeated\", and \"I Can Feel You\". Her cover album It's a Man's World (2012) was followed by a sixth studio album Resurrection (2014), which reached the top ten in the European charts. Her Ultimate Collection was released in 2015 and peaked in the top ten of the UK charts, giving the singer her sixth top ten album in Britain. In 2017, Anastacia released her new studio album Evolution and its lead single \"Caught In The Middle\". Anastacia has established herself as one of the best selling international female singers of the 2000s and 2010s. As of 2016, she has reported world-wide sales of more than\n30 million. She has had five top ten singles on U.S. Billboard's Dance Club chart and three albums on Top Album Sales chart.Known for her powerful mezzo-soprano voice and her small stature of 5 feet 2 inches (157 cm), she has been dubbed \"the little lady with the big voice\". Also famed for her trademark glasses, she underwent corrective LASIK surgery in August 2005, although she still frequently wears them.\nDuring her life Anastacia has battled many health problems. She was diagnosed with Crohn's disease at age 13, breast cancer at age 34, and supraventricular tachycardia at age 39. In 2013, Anastacia was diagnosed with breast cancer for a second time. In recognition of her decade-long charitable efforts in breast cancer awareness, Anastacia became only the second woman to be presented with the Humanitarian Award at the GQ Men of the Year Awards in 2013.", "Q171988": "Giuseppe \"Beppe\" Gabbiani (born 2 January 1957) is an Italian racing driver. He participated in 17 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 1 October 1978, and scored no championship points. He also participated in one non-Championship Formula One race.\nIn Formula 2, he won the 1983 Eifelrennen.\nIn sports car racing, he finished third in the 2003 1000km Spa.", "Q131374": "Alexander Alekhine (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0445\u0438\u043d, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Alekhin; pronounced [\u0250l\u02b2\u026ak\u02c8sandr \u0250l\u02b2\u026ak\u02c8sandr\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0250\u02c8l\u02b2ex\u02b2\u026an]; October 31 [O.S. October 19] 1892 \u2013 March 24, 1946) was a Russian and French chess player and the fourth World Chess Champion. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest chess players of all time.\nBy the age of 22, Alekhine was already among the strongest chess players in the world. During the 1920s, he won most of the tournaments in which he played. In 1921, Alekhine left Soviet Russia and emigrated to France, which he represented after 1925. In 1927, he became the fourth World Chess Champion by defeating Jos\u00e9 Ra\u00fal Capablanca.\nIn the early 1930s, Alekhine dominated tournament play and won two top-class tournaments by large margins. He also played first board for France in five Chess Olympiads, winning individual prizes in each (four medals and a brilliancy prize). Alekhine offered Capablanca a rematch on the same demanding terms that Capablanca had set for him, and negotiations dragged on for years without making much progress. Meanwhile, Alekhine defended his title with ease against Efim Bogoljubov in 1929 and 1934. He was defeated by Max Euwe in 1935, but regained his crown in the 1937 rematch. His tournament record, however, remained uneven, and rising young stars like Paul Keres, Reuben Fine, and Mikhail Botvinnik threatened his title. Negotiations for a title match with Keres or Botvinnik were halted by the outbreak of World War II in Europe in 1939. Negotiations with Botvinnik for a world title match were proceeding in 1946 when Alekhine died in Portugal, in unclear circumstances. Alekhine is the only World Chess Champion to have died while holding the title.\nAlekhine is known for his fierce and imaginative attacking style, combined with great positional and endgame skill. He is highly regarded as a chess writer and theoretician, having produced innovations in a wide range of chess openings and having given his name to Alekhine's Defence and several other opening variations. He also composed some endgame studies.\n\n", "Q382674": "The National Resistance Movement (Swahili: Harakati za Upinzani za Kitaifa; abbreviated NRM), commonly referred to simply as NRM, is the ruling political party in Uganda.", "Q214602": "Friedrich Karl Biedermann (25 September 1812 in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony \u2013 5 March 1901) was a German professor, politician, and publisher who greatly aided the Liberal movement in Germany during the process of German Unification.", "Q809095": "Barry Siegel (born September 7, 1949) is an American journalist. He is a former national correspondent for the Los Angeles Times who won the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing in 2002 for his piece \"A Father's Pain, a Judge's Duty, and a Justice Beyond Their Reach.\" In 2003, University of California, Irvine recruited Siegel to chair the school's new undergraduate degree program in literary journalism. Siegel is the author of the true crime novel A Death in White Bear Lake, which is considered by many to be a seminal document regarding child abuse. He is also the author of Manifest Injustice; Claim of Privilege: A Mysterious Plane Crash, a Landmark Supreme Court Case, and the Rise of State Secrets; and a co-author of After Snowden: Privacy, Secrecy, and Security in the Information Age (with Ronald Goldfarb, Edward Wasserman, David D. Cole, Hodding Carter III, Thomas S. Blanton, and Jon L. Mills). Siegel lives in Sherman Oaks and Irvine, California.", "Q218038": "The RCA Corporation was a major American electronics company, which was founded as the Radio Corporation of America in 1919. It was initially a wholly owned subsidiary of General Electric (GE); however, in 1932, RCA became an independent company after GE was required to divest its ownership as part of the settlement of a government antitrust suit.\nAn innovative and progressive company, RCA was the dominant electronics and communications firm in the United States for over five decades. RCA was at the forefront of the mushrooming radio industry in the early 1920s, as a major manufacturer of radio receivers, and the exclusive manufacturer of the first superheterodyne models. RCA also created the first nationwide American radio network, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). The company was also a pioneer in the introduction and development of television, both black-and-white and especially, color television. During this period, RCA was closely identified with the leadership of David Sarnoff. He was general manager at the company's founding, became president in 1930, and remained active, as chairman of the board, until the end of 1969.\nDuring the 1970s, RCA's seemingly impregnable stature began to weaken as it attempted to expand from its main focus of the development and marketing of consumer electronics into a diversified multinational conglomerate. The company suffered enormous financial losses in the mainframe computer industry and other failed projects such as the CED videodisc. Though the company rebounded by the mid 1980s, RCA was reacquired by General Electric in 1986, which over the next few years liquidated most of the corporation's assets. Today, RCA exists as a brand name only; the various RCA trademarks are currently owned by Sony Music Entertainment and Technicolor, which in turn license the brand name to several other companies including Voxx International, Curtis International, AVC Multimedia, TCL Corporation, and Express LUCK International, Ltd. for their various products.", "Q92343": "Johannes Holzmann (October 30, 1882 \u2013 April 28, 1914) was a German anarchist writer and activist who generally went by the pseudonym Senna Hoy.", "Q69697": "Lutry is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the Lavaux-Oron, which includes the Lavaux region, a UNESCO World Heritage site.", "Q2493511": "Sir Dudley North (16 May 1641 in Westminster \u2013 31 December 1691 in London) was an English merchant, politician and economist, a writer on free trade.", "Q365789": "James William \"Jim\" Denver (October 23, 1817 \u2013 August 9, 1892) was an American politician, soldier and lawyer. He served in the California state government, as an officer in the United States Army in two wars, and as a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from California. He served as secretary and Governor of the Kansas Territory during the struggle over whether or not Kansas would be open to slavery. The city of Denver, Colorado, is named after him.", "Q3493638": "Anthem Records is an independent record label based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The company was formed in May 1977 by Ray Danniels and Vic Wilson with initial recording artists Rush, Max Webster, Liverpool and A Foot in Coldwater. The three members of Rush, Geddy Lee, Neil Peart and Alex Lifeson became associate directors of Anthem.", "Q7643432": "Superhero fiction is a genre of speculative fiction examining the adventures, personalities and ethics of costumed crime fighters known as superheroes, who often possess superhuman powers and battle similarly powered criminals known as supervillains. The genre primarily falls between hard fantasy and soft science fiction spectrum of scientific realism. It is most commonly associated with American comic books, though it has expanded into other media through adaptations and original works.", "Q240253": "Theodore Sturgeon (; born Edward Hamilton Waldo, February 26, 1918 \u2013 May 8, 1985) was an American fiction author, primarily of fantasy, science fiction and horror. He was also a critic. He wrote approximately 400 reviews and more than 120 short stories, 11 novels and several Star Trek scripts.Sturgeon's science fiction novel More Than Human (1953) won the 1954 International Fantasy Award (for SF and fantasy) as the year's best novel and the Science Fiction Writers of America ranked \"Baby is Three\" number five among the \"Greatest Science Fiction Novellas of All Time\" to 1964. Ranked by votes for all of their pre-1965 novellas, Sturgeon was second among authors, behind Robert Heinlein.\nThe Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame inducted Sturgeon in 2000, its fifth class of two dead and two living writers.", "Q48659": "Eduardo Fabini (Sol\u00eds de Mataojo, 18 May 1882 - 17 May 1950) was a Uruguayan composer and musician.\nFabini, along with Alfonso Broqua, Luis Cluzeau Mortet and Vicente Ascone, was a representative of the nationalist tendency that emerged in Uruguayan music in the 1910s and 20s.", "Q284577": "Waiter! (French: Gar\u00e7on!) is a 1983 French film directed by Claude Sautet and starring Yves Montand, Nicole Garcia, Jacques Villeret, Marie Dubois, Dominique Laffin, and Bernard Fresson. It received 4 C\u00e9sar nominations, for Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor (twice) and Best Sound.", "Q380063": "Johann Niklaus Schneider-Ammann (born Schneider; 18 February 1952) is a Swiss businessman and a politician. Schneider-Ammann is married, has two children, and lives in Langenthal, Canton of Bern, Switzerland.\nThe son of a veterinarian born in Sumiswald, Switzerland, Schneider-Ammann graduated as an electrical engineer from the ETH Z\u00fcrich in 1977, and obtained a Master of Business Administration from INSEAD in France in 1983.From 1990 to 2010, Schneider-Ammann acted as the head of his family's mechanical engineering company, Ammann Group, in the 4th generation, when he passed control over the company to his two children.", "Q4212": "Ned Thomas Beatty (born July 6, 1937) is a retired American actor and singer. He has appeared in more than 160 films and has been nominated for an Academy Award, two Emmy Awards, an MTV Movie Award for Best Villain and a Golden Globe Award; he also won a Drama Desk Award.\nThese nominations stemmed from his performances in films and television series, such as Network (1976), Friendly Fire (1979), Hear My Song (1991), and Toy Story 3 (2010). He has had great commercial success in roles such as executive Bobby Trippe in Deliverance (1972), lawyer Delbert Reese in Nashville (1975), investigator Martin Dardis in All the President's Men (1976), undercover federal agent Bob Sweet in Silver Streak (1976), the priest, Father Edwards in Exorcist II: The Heretic (1977), Lex Luthor's bumbling henchman Otis in Superman (1978) and Superman II (1980), as a millionaire's right-hand man in The Toy (1982), Pavel Borisov in The Fourth Protocol (1987), TV presenter Ernest Weller in Repossessed (1990), Rudy Ruettiger's father in Rudy (1993), attorney McNair in Just Cause (1995), Dexter Wilkins in Life (1999), the simple sheriff in Where the Red Fern Grows (2003), the corrupt Senator Charles F. Meachum in Shooter (2007), Congressman Doc Long in Charlie Wilson's War (2007) and in animated films as the voice of Lots-O'-Huggin' Bear in Toy Story 3 (2010) and Tortoise John in Rango (2011).", "Q381369": "Kenji Nagai (\u9577\u4e95 \u5065\u53f8, Nagai Kenji, August 27, 1957 \u2013 September 27, 2007) was a Japanese photojournalist who took many assignments to conflict zones and dangerous areas around the world.\nHe was shot dead in Myanmar (also known as Burma) during the Saffron Revolution. Nagai continued to take photographs as he lay wounded on the ground, later dying from gunshot injuries to the chest. He was the only foreign national killed in the protests.", "Q292301": "Carly Sarah Smithson (n\u00e9e Hennessy; born 12 September 1983) is an Irish soul and pop rock singer, songwriter and actress who was the sixth place finalist on the seventh season of American Idol. In 2001, Smithson released her first studio album for MCA Records called Ultimate High. Smithson was dropped from the record label in 2002. After being introduced to former Evanescence guitarist Ben Moody in early 2009, plans for Smithson's post-Idol solo album were scrapped and instead she became the lead singer of the now defunct gothic metal band We Are the Fallen.", "Q662577": "The Chieftains are a traditional Irish band formed in Dublin in 1962, by Paddy Moloney, Sean Potts and Michael Tubridy. Their sound, which is almost entirely instrumental and largely built around uilleann pipes, has become synonymous with traditional Irish music and they are regarded as having helped popularise Irish music across the world. They have won six Grammys during their career and they were given a Lifetime Achievement Award at the prestigious BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards in 2002. Some music experts have credited The Chieftains with bringing traditional Irish music to a worldwide audience, so much so that the Irish government awarded them the honorary title of 'Ireland's Musical Ambassadors' in 1989.", "Q67876": "Manno is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q2677": "Wilhelm II or William II (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 1859 \u2013 4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and King of Prussia. He reigned from 15 June 1888 until his abdication on 9 November 1918 shortly before Germany's defeat in World War I.\nAs the eldest grandchild of Queen Victoria, Wilhelm's first cousins included King George V of the United Kingdom and many princesses who, along with Wilhelm's sister Sophia, became European consorts. For most of his life before becoming emperor, he was second in line to succeed his grandfather Wilhelm I on the German and Prussian thrones after his father, Frederick. His grandfather and father both died in 1888, the Year of Three Emperors, making Wilhelm emperor and king. He dismissed the country's longtime chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, in 1890.\nWilhelm took control of foreign and military policy with a bellicose \"New Course\" to cement Germany's status as a feared world power. However, he frequently undermined this goal by making tactless, alarming public statements without consulting his ministers. Additionally, his regime did much to alienate itself from the other Great Powers by initiating a massive naval build-up, and challenging French control of Morocco. His turbulent reign ultimately culminated in his absolute guarantee of military support to Austria-Hungary during the crisis of July 1914 which gave rise to World War I. A lax wartime leader, he left virtually all decision-making regarding military strategy and organisation of the war effort in the hands of the German General Staff. This broad delegation of authority gave rise to a de facto military dictatorship whose belligerent foreign policy led to the United States' entry into the war on 6 April 1917. After losing the support of the German military and his subjects in November 1918, Wilhelm abdicated and fled to exile in the Netherlands. He remained there during the German occupation, and died in 1941.", "Q389735": "Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. CVD includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, abnormal heart rhythms, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure is estimated to account for approximately 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco accounts for 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that up to 90% of CVD may be preventable. Prevention of CVD involves improving risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating risk factors, such as high blood pressure, blood lipids and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The use of aspirin in people, who are otherwise healthy, is of unclear benefit.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in all areas of the world except Africa. Together CVD resulted in 17.9 million deaths (32.1%) in 2015, up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Diagnosis of disease typically occurs seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.", "Q2855915": "Major General Elias Walker Durnford R.E (28 July 1774 \u2013 8 March 1850) was the builder of the Citadel, Quebec City.\nDurnford was born in 1774 in Lowestoft, Suffolk. He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Corps of Royal Engineers on 24 April 1793. Durnford married Jane Sophia Mann on 30 October 1798. On 10 January 1837 he removed from the Corps, on being promoted to the rank of Major General. Major General Elias Walker Durnford R.E. died in 1850 in Clarence Villa, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, at the age of 75.", "Q352131": "William Thomas Best (13 August 1826 \u2013 10 May 1897) was an English organist and composer.", "Q314164": "Johann Georg Albrechtsberger (3 February 1736 \u2013 7 March 1809) was an Austrian composer, organist, and music theorist and one of the teachers of Ludwig van Beethoven.", "Q36387": "Medieval Greek, also known as Byzantine Greek, is the stage of the Greek language between the end of Classical antiquity in the 5th\u20136th centuries and the end of the Middle Ages, conventionally dated to the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453.\nFrom the 7th century onwards, Greek was the only language of administration and government in the Byzantine Empire. This stage of language is thus described as Byzantine Greek. The study of the Medieval Greek language and literature is a branch of Byzantine studies, the study of the history and culture of the Byzantine Empire.\nThe beginning of Medieval Greek is occasionally dated back to as early as the 4th century, either to 330 AD, when the political centre of the Roman Empire was moved to Constantinople, or to 395 AD, the division of the Empire. However, this approach is rather arbitrary as it is more an assumption of political, as opposed to cultural and linguistic, developments. Indeed, by this time the spoken language, particularly pronunciation, had already shifted towards modern forms.The conquests of Alexander the Great, and the ensuing Hellenistic period, had caused Greek to spread to peoples throughout Anatolia and the Eastern Mediterranean, altering the spoken language's pronunciation and structure.\nMedieval Greek is the link between this vernacular, known as Koine Greek, and Modern Greek. Though Byzantine Greek literature was still strongly influenced by Attic Greek, it was also influenced by vernacular Koine Greek, which is the language of the New Testament and the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church.", "Q507425": "Schuyler Skaats Wheeler (May 17, 1860 \u2013 April 20, 1923) was an American electrical engineer and manufacturer who invented the electric fan, the electric elevator, and the electric fire engine. He helped develop and implement a code of ethics for electrical engineers.", "Q50002": "Emma Bonino (born 9 March 1948) is an Italian politician. She currently is a Senator for Rome. She served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2013 to 2014. Previously, she was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) and a member of the Senate of the Republic. She served in the government of Italy as minister of international trade from 2006 to 2008.\nShe is a leading member of the Italian Radicals, a political party which describes itself \"liberale, liberista e libertario\" (where liberista denotes economic liberalism and libertario a form of cultural liberalism concerning moral issues, with some ideological connection with historical left-libertarianism). She graduated in modern languages and literature from Bocconi University in Milan in 1972.\nA veteran legislator in Italian politics and an activist for various reform policies, she was elected six times as deputy and two times as senator. \nShe was the leader of More Europe, a liberal, european federalist party list she announced on December 2017, in the 2018 Italian general election.", "Q354540": "Peter Charles Archibald Ewart Jennings (July 29, 1938 \u2013 August 7, 2005) was a Canadian-American journalist who served as the sole anchor of ABC World News Tonight from 1983 until his death from lung cancer in 2005. He dropped out of high school, yet he transformed himself into one of American television's most prominent journalists.\nJennings started his career early, hosting a Canadian radio show at age 9. He began his professional career with CJOH-TV in Ottawa during its early years, anchoring the local newscasts and hosting the teen dance show Saturday Date on Saturdays. In 1965, ABC News tapped him to anchor its flagship evening news program. Critics and others in the television news business attacked his inexperience, making his job difficult. He became a foreign correspondent in 1968, reporting from the Middle East.\nJennings returned as one of World News Tonight's three anchormen in 1978, and he was promoted to sole anchorman in 1983. He was also known for his marathon coverage of breaking news stories, staying on the air for 15 hours or more to anchor the live broadcast of events such as the Gulf War in 1991, the Millennium celebrations in 2000, and the September 11 attacks in 2001. In addition to anchoring, he was the host of many ABC News special reports and moderated several American presidential debates. He was always fascinated with the United States and became an American citizen in 2003.\nJennings was one of the \"Big Three\" news anchormen, along with Tom Brokaw of NBC and Dan Rather of CBS, who dominated American evening network news from the early 1980s until his death in 2005, which closely followed the retirements of Brokaw in 2004 and Rather in 2005.", "Q529900": "Anfinn Kallsberg (born 19 November 1947 in Klaksv\u00edk, Faroe Islands) is a Faroese politician, former prime minister, and the former leader of the People's Party (Faroese: F\u00f3lkaflokkurin). First elected to the Faroese parliament in 1980 and consecutively since then, Kallsberg served as Fisheries Minister from 1983 to 1985 and for 5 months in J\u00f3gvan Sundstein's first coalition government in 1989, and as Economics and Finance Minister from 1996 to 1998 in a coalition led by Edmund Joensen (Union Party).\nHe was Speaker of the L\u00f8gting 1991\u20131993.\nKallsberg became Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands on 15 May 1998 in a coalition formed by the People's Party, Republican Party and the Self-Government Party. His first administration aimed for economic and legal independence of the Faroe Islands and started a process of assuming various governmental sectors from the Danish government. Likewise, Denmark set up a plan to grant full sovereignty to the Faroe Islands. In 2002 the coalition went through parliamentary elections that resulted in the entry of the Center Party into the government, which was the second cabinet of Anfinn Kallsberg.\nIn December 2003, Kallsberg took over the ministries previously served by members of the Republican Party and issued a new election that took place in January 2004. In 2005 Kallsberg was elected as one of two Faroese citizens to represent the islands in the Danish Parliament.", "Q3430193": "Ric Young (born 1944) is a British character actor. He is best known for his role as Dr. Zhang Lee in the TV series Alias, and as the henchman Kao Kan in the Steven Spielberg film Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.", "Q3735735": "Carl Richard Nyberg (May 28, 1858, \u2013 1939) was the founder of Max Sieverts L\u00f6dlampfabrik, then one of the largest industries in Sundbyberg, Sweden. Nyberg was born in Arboga. After school he started working for a jeweller and later he moved to Stockholm and worked with various metalworks. He later got work at J. E. Eriksons mekaniska verkstad (later renamed to \"Mekanikus\").While working there he had the idea of the blowtorch. He later worked on the idea and created a blowtorch with strong, directed heat and with several safety measures built in. He quit working at Mekanikus in 1882 and set up a workshop at Luntmakargatan in Stockholm making blowtorches. However the business didn't work well because it took too long to both manufacture and sell them. For a time he made a living selling rings supposedly for curing gout. In 1884 he moved his workshop to Sundbyberg. In 1886, he met Max Sievert at a country fair and Sievert became interested in Nyberg's blowtorch and started selling it. After encouragement by the owner of Sundbyberg g\u00e5rd he started AB Alpha and after encouragement from L. M. Ericsson he started producing wire.After Primus started producing blowtorches he also decided to make paraffin oil/kerosene cookers. The first model, called Viktoria, wasn't very successful, but the later Svea did better. He delivered many to Russia and soon he produced 3000 per week. In 1906 the company was changed into a stock company. He was generous to his workers and often gave them stock in the company. The workers became known as \"Nybergs snobbar\" (Nyberg's snobs) because they were generally better off than those who worked in other places. In 1922 the company was sold to Max Sievert who owned it until Esso bought it in 1964.\nNyberg worked on many other inventions including steam engines, aeroplanes, boat propellers, and other machines. He was most famous as an aviation pioneer and he became known as \"Flyg-Nyberg\" (Flying-Nyberg). From 1897 and onward until around 1910, outside his home in Liding\u00f6 he built and tested his Flugan (The Fly) on a circular wood track in his garden and on the ice during the wintertime. However, due the lack of small effective gasoline engines at that time, he only managed a few short jumps. He worked hard with the help of professor J.E. Cederblom at KTH in the development of wing profiles but did not succeed to get The Fly in the air. He also designed and built his own wind tunnel to be able to make test of small wing models. The Fly had a wingspan of 5 meters, and the surface area of the wings was 13 m\u00b2. The engine was a steam engine of his own design, with a boiler heated by four of his blowtorches. It produced a maximum of 10 hp (7 kW) at 2000 rpm. The total weight of the plane was 80 kg.\n\n", "Q43718": "Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol (; Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c, tr. Nikolay Vasilievich Gogol, IPA: [n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj v\u0250\u02c8s\u02b2il\u02b2j\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8gog\u0259l\u02b2]; Ukrainian: \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c, romanized: Mykola Vasylovych Hohol; 1 April [O.S. 20 March] 1809 \u2013 4 March [O.S. 21 February] 1852) was a Russian dramatist of Ukrainian descent.Although Gogol was considered by his contemporaries to be one of the preeminent figures of the natural school of Russian literary realism, later critics have found in his work a fundamentally romantic sensibility, with strains of surrealism and the grotesque (\"The Nose\", \"Viy\", \"The Overcoat\", \"Nevsky Prospekt\"). His early works, such as Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka, were influenced by his Ukrainian upbringing, Ukrainian culture and folklore. His later writing satirised political corruption in the Russian Empire (The Government Inspector, Dead Souls). The novel Taras Bulba (1835) and the play Marriage (1842), along with the short stories \"Diary of a Madman\", \"The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich\", \"The Portrait\" and \"The Carriage\", are also among his best-known works.\n\n", "Q2654784": "Louis Bamberger (15 May 1855 \u2013 11 March 1944) was the leading citizen of Newark, New Jersey, from the early 1900s until his death in 1944. He is noted for co-founding (with his sister Caroline Bamberger Fuld) the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He was a businessman and philanthropist and at his death all flags in Newark were flown at half-staff for three days, and his large department store closed for a day.\n\n", "Q14898": "Germering is a town of approximately 38,000 within the district of F\u00fcrstenfeldbruck, in Bavaria, Germany. It is directly adjacent to the city of Munich and borders it to the west.", "Q288359": "Lena Dunham (; born May 13, 1986) is an American actress, writer, director, and producer. She is known as the creator, writer, and star of the HBO television series Girls (2012\u20132017), for which she received several Emmy Award nominations and two Golden Globe Awards. Dunham also directed several episodes of Girls and became the first woman to win the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing \u2013 Comedy Series. Prior to Girls, Dunham wrote, directed, and starred in the semi-autobiographical independent film Tiny Furniture (2010), for which she won an Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay.In 2013, Dunham was included in the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. In 2014, Dunham released her first book, Not That Kind of Girl: A Young Woman Tells You What She's \"Learned\". In 2015, along with Girls showrunner Jenni Konner, Dunham created the publication Lenny Letter, a feminist online newsletter. The publication folded in late 2018.Dunham has starred in feature films such as Supporting Characters and This Is 40 (both 2012) and Happy Christmas (2014). She voiced Mary in the 2016 film My Entire High School Sinking Into the Sea, which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival. On television, aside from Girls, she has played guest roles in Scandal and The Simpsons (both 2015). In 2017, she portrayed Valerie Solanas in American Horror Story: Cult.Dunham's work and her outspoken presence on social media and in interviews have attracted significant controversy, criticism, and media scrutiny throughout her career.", "Q1292110": "Irving Harold Mills (born Isadore Minsky; 16 January 1894 \u2013 21 April 1985) was an American music publisher, musician, lyricist, and jazz artist promoter. He sometimes used the pseudonyms Goody Goodwin and Joe Primrose.", "Q371930": "Dorothy West (June 2, 1907 \u2013 August 16, 1998) was an American novelist and short-story writer during the time of the Harlem Renaissance. She is best known for her novel The Living Is Easy, as well as many other short stories and essays, about the life of an upper-class black family.", "Q1143281": "Rugby School is an independent co-educational day and boarding school in Rugby, Warwickshire, England. Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys, it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. Up to 1667, the school remained in comparative obscurity. Its re-establishment by Thomas Arnold during his time as Headmaster, from 1828 to 1841, was seen as the forerunner of the Victorian public school. It is one of the original seven Great Nine Public Schools defined by the Clarendon Commission of 1864. Rugby School was also the birthplace of Rugby football. In 1845, a committee of Rugby schoolboys, William Delafield Arnold, W. W. Shirley and Frederick Hutchins, wrote the \"Laws of Football as Played At Rugby School\", the first published set of laws for any code of football.As the nature of the school shifted, a new school \u2013 Lawrence Sheriff Grammar School \u2013 was founded in 1878 to continue Lawrence Sheriff's original intentions. Rugby expanded further in the 20th century and new buildings were built inspired by the Edwardian Era. The Temple Speech Room, named after former headmaster and Archbishop of Canterbury Frederick Temple (1858\u201369) is now used for whole-School assemblies, speech days, concerts, musicals \u2013 and BBC Mastermind. Between the wars, the Memorial Chapel, the Music Schools and a new Sanatorium appeared.\nIn 1975 two girls were admitted into the sixth form, and the first girls\u2019 house opened 3 years later, followed by three more. In 1992, the first 13-year-old girls arrived, and in 1995 Rugby had its first-ever Head Girl, Louise Woolcock, who appeared on the front page of The Times. In September 2003 a last girls\u2019 house was added. Today, total enrolment of day pupils, from forms 4 to 12, numbers around 800.", "Q54264": "Newport is a seaside city on Aquidneck Island. It is located in Narragansett Bay approximately 33 miles (53 km) southeast of Providence, Rhode Island, 20 miles (32 km) south of Fall River, Massachusetts, 74 miles (119 km) south of Boston, and 180 miles (290 km) northeast of New York City. It is known as a New England summer resort and is famous for its historic mansions and its rich sailing history. It was the location of the first U.S. Open tournaments in both tennis and golf, as well as every challenge to the America's Cup between 1930 and 1983. It is also the home of Salve Regina University and Naval Station Newport, which houses the United States Naval War College, the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, and an important Navy training center. It was a major 18th-century port city and also contains a high number of buildings from the Colonial era.The city is the county seat of Newport County, which has no governmental functions other than court administrative and sheriff corrections boundaries. It was known for being the location of the \"Summer White Houses\" during the administrations of Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy. The population was 24,672 as of 2010.", "Q215508": "Julius Friedrich Leopold Rupp (13 August 1809 \u2013 11 July 1884) was a Prussian Protestant theologian. \nHe founded the first Free Protestant Congregation in K\u00f6nigsberg, which rejected all state or church control and believed in absolute freedom of conscience for its members.", "Q109827": "Gerd von Hassler (or in German Gerd von Ha\u00dfler) (28 August 1928 \u2013 7 January 1989) was a German author, director, radio broadcaster, composer, singer, journalist and producer.", "Q350726": "Gale Morgan Harold III (born July 10, 1969) is an American actor, known for his leading and recurring roles on Queer as Folk, Deadwood, Desperate Housewives, Grey's Anatomy, The Secret Circle and Defiance. He also starred in the romantic comedy Falling for Grace.", "Q151494": "Mehmed V Re\u015f\u00e2d (Ottoman Turkish: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 Me\u1e25med-i \u1e96\u00e2mis, Turkish: Be\u015finci Mehmet Re\u015fat or Re\u015fat Mehmet) (2 November 1844 \u2013 3 July 1918) reigned as the 35th and penultimate Ottoman Sultan (r. 1909\u20131918). He was the son of Sultan Abdulmejid I. He was succeeded by his half-brother Mehmed VI. His nine-year reign was marked by the cession of the Empire's North African territories and the Dodecanese Islands, including Rhodes, in the Italo-Turkish War, the traumatic loss of almost all of the Empire's European territories west of Constantinople (now Istanbul) in the First Balkan War, and the entry of the Empire into World War I\nin 1914, which would ultimately lead to the end of the Ottoman Empire.", "Q695841": "Johann Puch, Slovene: Janez Puh (27 June 1862 \u2013 19 July 1914) was a Slovene inventor and mechanic who went on to become the founder of the Austrian Puch automobile plants, then one of the most significant vehicle producers in Europe.", "Q44077": "Jessica Marie Alba (; born April 28, 1981) is an American actress and businesswoman. She began her television and movie appearances at age 13 in Camp Nowhere and The Secret World of Alex Mack (1994), but rose to prominence at 19, as the lead actress of the television series Dark Angel (2000\u20132002), for which she received a Golden Globe nomination.Her big screen breakthrough came in Honey (2003). She soon established herself as a Hollywood actress, and has starred in numerous box office hits throughout her career, including Fantastic Four (2005), Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007), Good Luck Chuck (2007), The Eye (2008), Valentine's Day (2010), Little Fockers (2010), and Mechanic: Resurrection (2016). She is a frequent collaborator of director Robert Rodriguez, having starred in Sin City (2005), Machete (2010), Spy Kids: All the Time in the World (2011), Machete Kills (2013), and Sin City: A Dame to Kill For (2014). Since 2019, Alba stars in the Spectrum action crime series L.A.'s Finest.\nIn 2011, Alba co-founded The Honest Company, a consumer goods company that sells baby, personal and household products. Magazines including Men's Health, Vanity Fair and FHM have included her on their lists of the world's most beautiful women.\nShe will star in and executive produce a new documentary series for Disney+ called \"Parenting Without Borders\" (working title) which will focus on families around the world and their beliefs and culture.", "Q637238": "The Electorate of Baden was a State of the Holy Roman Empire from 1803 to 1806. In 1803, Napoleon bestowed the office of Prince-elector to Charles Frederick, but in 1806, Francis II dissolved the Empire. Baden then achieved sovereignty, and Charles Frederick became Grand Duke.", "Q2067115": "Yen Press LLC is an American manga and graphic novel publisher co-owned by Kadokawa Corporation and Hachette Book Group. They published Yen Plus, a monthly comic anthology, between 2008 and 2013. In addition to translated material, Yen Press has published original series, most notably a manga adaptation of James Patterson's Maximum Ride and Svetlana Chmakova's Nightschool.", "Q544508": "Angus William MacLise (March 14, 1938 \u2013 June 21, 1979) was an American percussionist, composer, poet, occultist and calligrapher, known as the first drummer for the Velvet Underground who abruptly quit due to disagreements with the band's ethic.", "Q42406": "The English people are a nation and an ethnic group native to England who speak the English language, and share a common history and culture. The English identity is of early medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Angelcynn ('family of the Angles'). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. England is the largest and most populous country of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the majority of people living there are British citizens.\nThe English largely descend from two main historical population groups \u2013 the earlier Celtic Britons (or Brythons) and the Germanic tribes who settled in Britain following the withdrawal of the Romans: the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians. Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become the Kingdom of England (from the Old English Englaland) by the early 10th century, in response to the invasion and minor settlement of Danes beginning in the late 9th century. This was followed by the Norman Conquest and limited settlement of Anglo-Normans in England in the latter 11th century. In the Acts of Union 1707, the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland merged to become the Kingdom of Great Britain. Over the years, English customs and identity have become fairly closely aligned with British customs and identity in general.\nThe English people are the source of the English language, the Westminster system and common law. These and other English cultural characteristics have spread worldwide, in part as a result of the former British Empire.", "Q160649": "Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure.The diseases are caused by specific types of bacterial infection. Epidemic typhus is due to Rickettsia prowazekii spread by body lice, scrub typhus is due to Orientia tsutsugamushi spread by chiggers, and murine typhus is due to Rickettsia typhi spread by fleas.Currently no vaccine is commercially available. Prevention is by reducing exposure to the organisms that spread the disease. Treatment is with the antibiotic doxycycline. Epidemic typhus generally occurs in outbreaks when poor sanitary conditions and crowding are present. While once common, it is now rare. Scrub typhus occurs in Southeast Asia, Japan, and northern Australia. Murine typhus occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world.Typhus has been described since at least 1528 AD. The name comes from the Greek t\u00fbphos (\u03c4\u03cd\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2) meaning hazy, describing the state of mind of those infected. While \"typhoid\" means \"typhus-like\", typhus and typhoid fever are distinct diseases caused by different types of bacteria.\n\n", "Q376087": "Sir Samuel White Baker, KCB, FRS, FRGS (8 June 1821 \u2013 30 December 1893) was an English explorer, officer, naturalist, big game hunter, engineer, writer and abolitionist. He also held the titles of Pasha and Major-General in the Ottoman Empire and Egypt. He served as the Governor-General of the Equatorial Nile Basin (today's South Sudan and Northern Uganda) between April 1869 and August 1873, which he established as the Province of Equatoria. He is mostly remembered as the first European to visit Lake Albert, as an explorer of the Nile and interior of central Africa, and for his exploits as a big game hunter in Asia, Africa, Europe and North America. Baker wrote a considerable number of books and published articles. He was a friend of King Edward VII, who as Prince of Wales, visited Baker with Queen Alexandra in Egypt. Other friendships were with explorers Henry Morton Stanley, Roderick Murchison, John H. Speke and James A. Grant, with the ruler of Egypt Pasha Ismail The Magnificent, Major-General Charles George Gordon and Maharaja Duleep Singh.\n\n", "Q73803": "Rust and Bone (French: De rouille et d'os) is a 2012 French\u2013Belgian romantic drama film directed by Jacques Audiard, starring Marion Cotillard and Matthias Schoenaerts, based on Craig Davidson's short story collection Rust and Bone. It tells the story of an unemployed 25-year-old man who falls in love with a woman who trains killer whales.The film competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival and received positive early reviews and a ten-minute standing ovation at the end of its screening. It was a critical and box office hit in France and was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award, two Golden Globes, two BAFTA Awards, three Magritte Awards, and nine C\u00e9sar Awards, winning four, including Most Promising Actor for Matthias Schoenaerts.", "Q679157": "Armas Launis (April 22, 1884 \u2013 August 7, 1959), was a Finnish composer as well as an ethnomusicologist, a professor, a writer and a journalist. He was born in H\u00e4meenlinna.", "Q310464": "Erskine Preston Caldwell (December 17, 1903 \u2013 April 11, 1987) was an American novelist and short story writer. His writings about poverty, racism and social problems in his native Southern United States, in novels such as Tobacco Road (1932) and God's Little Acre (1933) won him critical acclaim, but his advocacy of eugenics and the sterilization of Georgia's poor whites became less popular following World War II.", "Q159976": "Joseph Joachim (Hungarian: Joachim J\u00f3zsef, 28 June 1831 \u2013 15 August 1907) was a Hungarian violinist, conductor, composer and teacher. A close collaborator of Johannes Brahms, he is widely regarded as one of the most significant violinists of the 19th century.", "Q242336": "Claude of France (12 November 1547, Fontainebleau \u2013 21 February 1575, Nancy) was a French princess as the second daughter of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici, and Duchess of Lorraine by marriage to Charles III, Duke of Lorraine.", "Q822562": "Bernard Lazare (15 June 1865 \u2013 1 September 1903) was a French literary critic, political journalist, polemicist, and anarchist. He was also among the first Dreyfusards.", "Q447015": "Aleksandr Borisovich Chakovsky (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; August 26, 1913 \u2013 February 17, 1994) was a Soviet/Russian editor and novelist; editor-in-chief of \"Literaturnaya Gazeta\" from 1962-1988. A hard-line Communist, he served as an unofficial cultural arbiter through his position in the powerful Writers' Union.", "Q121615": "Robert Gerard Sands (Irish: Roibe\u00e1rd Gear\u00f3id \u00d3 Seachnasaigh; 9 March 1954 \u2013 5 May 1981) was a member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army who died on hunger strike while imprisoned at HM Prison Maze in Northern Ireland after being sentenced for firearms possession.\nHe was the leader of the 1981 hunger strike in which Irish republican prisoners protested against the removal of Special Category Status. During Sands's strike, he was elected to the British Parliament as an Anti H-Block candidate. His death and those of nine other hunger strikers was followed by a new surge of Provisional IRA recruitment and activity. International media coverage brought attention to the hunger strikers, and the Republican movement in general, attracting both praise and criticism.", "Q350040": "Christopher William Parkening (born December 14, 1947) is an American classical guitarist. He holds the Chair of Classical Guitar at Pepperdine University under the title Distinguished Professor of Music.", "Q948977": "Michel Warschawski (Mikado) (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d9\u05db\u05d0\u05dc \u05d5\u05e8\u05e9\u05d1\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9 (\u05de\u05d9\u05e7\u05d0\u05d3\u05d5)\u200e) is an Israeli anti-Zionist activist. He led the Marxist Revolutionary Communist League (previously Matzpen-Jerusalem) until its demise in the 1990s, and founded the Alternative Information Center, a joint Palestinian-Israeli non-governmental organization, in 1984.", "Q280063": "Les Couloirs du temps : Les Visiteurs II (French pronunciation: \u200b[l\u025b vizit\u0153\u02d0\u0281 kulwa\u02d0\u0281 dy t\u0251\u0303]; English: The Visitors II: The Corridors of Time) is a sequel to the original French film, Les Visiteurs. Les Visiteurs II sold more than eight million tickets in France being the second highest-grossing French film at the French box office for 1998 behind Le Diner de Cons.", "Q1078203": "Stardust Promotion Co., Ltd. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c0\u30b9\u30c8\u30d7\u30ed\u30e2\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3) is a leading Japanese talent agency, headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo. It was founded in 1979 and invests in entertainment forms including music, cinema, and modelling.\nThe agency has a dominant share in the management of actresses. For example, it manages Y\u016bko Takeuchi (best known for the movie Be with You) and K\u014d Shibasaki (Socrates in Love). The agency is known for its all-female musical groups such as Momoiro Clover Z, Shiritsu Ebisu Chugaku, and all-male musical groups such as Bullet Train, Dish and also has its own independent record label SDR (Stardust Records).In 2009, Stardust Promotion opened a branch in South Korea. In addition to the head office in Tokyo, Stardust Promotion has offices in Nagoya, in Osaka, and since lately in Fukuoka. The agency has recently started to put an emphasis on local talents and created several local idol groups, namely Team Syachihoko (in Nagoya) and Tacoyaki Rainbow (in Osaka).", "Q23952": "Lois Bancroft Long (December 15, 1901 \u2013 July 29, 1974) was an American writer for The New Yorker during the 1920s. She was known under the pseudonym \"Lipstick\" and as the epitome of a flapper.\nShe was born on December 15, 1901, in Stamford, Connecticut, the oldest of three children of Frances Bancroft and William J. Long. She graduated from Vassar College. Long had worked at Vogue and Vanity Fair before finding fame at The New Yorker. Harold Ross hired her to write a column on New York nightlife. Under the name of Lipstick, Lois Long chronicled her nightly escapades of drinking, dining, and dancing. She wrote of the decadence of the decade with an air of aplomb, wit, and satire, becoming quite a celebrity. Because her readers did not know who she was, Long often jested in her columns about being a \"short squat maiden of forty\" or a \"kindly, old, bearded gentleman.\" However, in the announcement of her marriage to The New Yorker cartoonist Peter Arno, she revealed her true identity.\nShe remained with The New Yorker as a columnist until 1968. She died in 1974.", "Q380711": "Toumani Diabat\u00e9 (born August 10, 1965) is a Malian kora player. In addition to performing the traditional music of Mali, he has also been involved in cross-cultural collaborations with flamenco, blues, jazz, and other international styles.\n\n", "Q828729": "Sausalito is a city in Marin County, California, located 8 miles (13 km) south-southeast of San Rafael, and 4 miles (7 km) north of San Francisco.Sausalito's population was 7,061 as of the 2010 census. The community is situated near the northern end of the Golden Gate Bridge, and prior to the building of that bridge served as a terminus for rail, car, and ferry traffic.\nSausalito developed rapidly as a shipbuilding center in World War II, with its industrial character giving way in postwar years to a reputation as a wealthy and artistic enclave, a picturesque residential community (incorporating large numbers of houseboats), and a tourist destination. The city is adjacent to, and largely bounded by, the protected spaces of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.", "Q94040": "Guido Karl Anton List, better known as Guido von List (5 October 1848 \u2013 17 May 1919), was an Austrian occultist, journalist, playwright, and novelist. He expounded a modern Pagan new religious movement known as Wotanism, which he claimed was the revival of the religion of the ancient German race, and which included an inner set of Ariosophical teachings that he termed Armanism.\nBorn to a wealthy middle-class family in Vienna, List claimed that he abandoned his family's Roman Catholic faith in childhood, instead devoting himself to the pre-Christian god Wotan. Spending much time in the Austrian countryside, he engaged in rowing, hiking, and sketching the landscape. From 1877 he began a career as a journalist, primarily authoring articles on the Austrian countryside for nationalist newspapers and magazines. In these he placed a v\u00f6lkisch emphasis on the folk culture and customs of rural people, believing that many of them were survivals of pre-Christian, pagan religion. He published three novels, Carnuntum (1888), Jung Diethers Heimkehr (1894), and Pipara (1895), each set among the German tribes of the Iron Age, as well as authoring several plays. During the 1890s he continued writing v\u00f6lkisch articles, now largely for the nationalist Ostdeutsche Rundschau newspaper, with his works taking on an anti-semitic dimension halfway through that decade. In 1893, he co-founded the Literarische Donaugesellschaft literary society, and involved himself in Austria's Pan-German nationalist movement, a milieu which sought the integration of Austria into the German Empire.\nDuring an 11-month period of blindness in 1902, List became increasingly interested in occultism, in particular coming under the influence of the Theosophical Society, resulting in an expansion of his Wotanic beliefs to incorporate Runology and the Armanen Futharkh. The popularity of his work among the v\u00f6lkisch and nationalist communities resulted in the establishment of a List Society in 1908; attracting significant middle and upper-class support, the Society published List's writings and included an Ariosophist inner group, the High Armanen Order, over whom List presided as Grand Master.\nThrough these ventures he promoted the millenarian view that modern society was degenerate, but that it would be cleansed through an apocalyptic event resulting in the establishment of a new Pan-German Empire that would embrace Wotanism. Having erroneously prophesied that this empire would be established by victory for the Central Powers in World War I, List died on a visit to Berlin in 1919.\nDuring his lifetime, List became a well-known figure among the nationalist and v\u00f6lkisch subcultures of Austria and Germany, influencing the work of many others operating in this milieu. His work, propagated through the List Society, influenced later v\u00f6lkisch groups such as the Reichshammerbund and Germanenorden, and through those exerted an influence on both the burgeoning Nazi Party and the SS. After World War II his work continued to influence an array of Ariosophic and Heathen practitioners in Europe, Australia, and North America.", "Q18411365": "Domleschg is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged to form the new municipality of Domleschg.", "Q240521": "Agn\u00e8s Jaoui (born 19 October 1964) is a French actress, screenwriter, film director and singer.\nShe frequently works in collaboration with her former partner Jean-Pierre Bacri.\n\n", "Q50764": "Jean Marie Maurice Sch\u00e9rer or Maurice Henri Joseph Sch\u00e9rer, known as \u00c9ric Rohmer (French: [e\u0281ik \u0281om\u025b\u0281], 21 March 1920 \u2013 11 January 2010), was a French film director, film critic, journalist, novelist, screenwriter, and teacher.\nRohmer was the last of the post-World War II French New Wave directors to become established. He edited the influential film journal, Cahiers du cin\u00e9ma, from 1957 to 1963, while most of his colleagues\u2014among them Jean-Luc Godard and Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut\u2014were making the transition from film critics to filmmakers and gaining international attention.\nRohmer gained international acclaim around 1969 when his film My Night at Maud's was nominated at the Academy Awards. He won the San Sebasti\u00e1n International Film Festival with Claire's Knee in 1971 and the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival for The Green Ray in 1986. Rohmer went on to receive the Venice Film Festival's Career Golden Lion in 2001.\nAfter Rohmer's death in 2010, his obituary in The Daily Telegraph described him as \"the most durable filmmaker of the French New Wave\", outlasting his peers and \"still making movies the public wanted to see\" late in his career.", "Q218992": "Cornell Iral Haynes Jr. (born November 2, 1974), known professionally as Nelly, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, entrepreneur, investor, and occasional actor from St. Louis, Missouri. Nelly embarked on his music career with Midwest hip hop group St. Lunatics in 1993 and signed to Universal Records in 1999. Under Universal, Nelly began his solo career in the year 2000, with his debut album Country Grammar, of which the featured title-track and the single \"Ride wit Me\" were top ten hits. The album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and went on to peak at number one. Country Grammar is Nelly's best-selling album to date, selling over 8.4 million copies in the United States. His following album, Nellyville, produced the number-one hits \"Hot in Herre\" and \"Dilemma\" (featuring Kelly Rowland). Other singles included \"Work It\" (featuring Justin Timberlake), \"Air Force Ones\" (featuring Murphy Lee and St. Lunatics), \"Pimp Juice\" and \"#1\".\nWith the same-day dual release of Sweat, Suit (2004) and the compilation Sweatsuit (2006), Nelly continued to generate many chart-topping hits. Sweat debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 342,000 copies in its first week. In the same week of release, Suit debuted at number one, selling around 396,000 copies in its first week on the same chart. Nelly's fifth studio album, Brass Knuckles, was released on September 16, 2008, after several delays. It produced the singles \"Party People\" (featuring Fergie), \"Stepped on My J'z\" (featuring Jermaine Dupri and Ciara) and \"Body on Me\" (featuring Akon and Ashanti). In 2010, Nelly released the album 5.0. The lead single, \"Just a Dream\", was certified triple platinum in the United States. It included the singles \"Move That Body\" (featuring T-Pain and Akon) and \"Gone\" (a sequel to the 2002 single \"Dilemma\" in collaboration with Kelly Rowland).\nNelly won Grammy Awards in 2003 and 2004 and had a supporting role in the 2005 remake film The Longest Yard with Adam Sandler and Chris Rock. He has two clothing lines, Vokal and Apple Bottoms. He has been referred to by Peter Shapiro as \"one of the biggest stars of the new millennium\", and the RIAA ranks Nelly as the fourth best-selling rap artist in American music history, with 21 million albums sold in the United States. On December 11, 2009, Billboard ranked Nelly the number three Top Artist of the Decade.", "Q697930": "Liu Xiaoqing (born 30 October 1955) is a Chinese actress and businesswoman. She was one of the leading actresses in China in the 1980s.\n\n", "Q92431": "Karl Rothammel (1914\u20131987) was an amateur radio enthusiast, author and educator. He published articles in the journal Radioamat\u00e9r for five years, and authored several books [1] including Very High Frequencies and Practice of the Television Aerials. Rothammel was born in 1914 in F\u00fcrth, Bavaria; he died at the age of 73 in Sonneberg, Thuringia (then part of East Germany). Y21BK was his last amateur call sign.", "Q173635": "George Fonder (June 22, 1917 Elmhurst, Pennsylvania \u2013 June 14, 1958 Hatfield, Pennsylvania) was an American racecar driver. He made four Championship Car starts, including two in the Indianapolis 500 and drove as a relief driver in the 1954 Indianapolis 500 for two different teams after failing to qualify his own car. His best Champ Car finish was in the October 1949 race at Langhorne Speedway. He was killed in a midget-car racing accident.", "Q3289349": "Marcel Roche Dugand (August 15, 1920 in Caracas, Venezuela \u2013 May 3, 2003 in Miami, USA) was a physician, scientist and scientific leader.He was born into a wealthy family of French origin. His father, Luis Roche was a well known urbanist. His secondary education was conducted in Paris, France, graduating in 1938. Following this, he moved to the US and got a Bachelor of Science degree at St. Joseph's College, in Philadelphia, following by studies in medicine at Johns Hopkins Medical School, in Baltimore. After graduation in 1946, he specialized in endocrinology and nuclear medicine. Before returning to Venezuela in 1951, he carried out biomedical research for some time at the New York Institute of Public Health.\nIn Venezuela, Dr. Roche started several pioneering works as an Assistant Professor of the Central University of Venezuela on goitre, hookworm infections and nutritional deficiencies and anaemias, especially among the poor and aboriginal people.\nHe was founder and director of the Institute of Medical Research at the Central University, and in 1958 he also became the Secretary General of the Venezuelan Association for the Advancement of Science. Other institutions directed by him were the Institute of Neurology and Brain Investigation, reorganized in 1959 as the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research after succeeding Dr. Humberto Fernandez Moran in 1958. During his tenure, Dr. Roche became interested and supported the development of anthropology and the study the history and sociology of science.\nHe was founder and director of the Venezuelan National Council of Scientific Investigation and the magazine Intersciencia, as well as being involved in the publishing of several other scientific periodicals. Dr. Roche was also a pioneer in the area of public understanding of science and a pioneer in the production of TV programs and documentary films on many science subjects. He was very active in promoting science to the public and participated in many national and international organizations promoting science. Dr. Roche was an advisor to the World Health Organization (WHO), UNESCO, a Governor of the International Atomic Energy Agency (1958-1960), and was a Member and President of the Council of the University of the United Nations in Tokyo, and Secretary of the Third World Academy of Sciences.\nHe received many honors and degrees from Belgium, Germany, France, the United States, India and Brazil. He won the Kalinga Prize in 1987 from UNESCO for his work. Asteroid 201497 Marcelroche was named in his honor.", "Q1441675": "Francis Ormand Jonathan Smith (Brentwood, New Hampshire, November 23, 1806; Deering, Maine, October 14, 1876) was elected from the state of Maine to the United States House of Representatives to serve three terms from 1833 to 1839, serving at one point on the US House of Representatives Committee on Commerce.", "Q1637997": "Novosibirsk State University (NSU) is one of Russia's leading institutions of higher-education. It is located in Novosibirsk, a cultural and industrial center in Siberia. NSU has an important profile as the producer of much of Russia's academic elite. The University was founded in 1958 on the principles of the integration of education and science, the early involvement of students with research activities at all levels, and the engagement of leading scientists in its teaching programmes.", "Q59026": "Three Worlds (French: Trois mondes) is a 2012 French drama film directed by Catherine Corsini. The film competed in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q560333": "Adh\u00e9mar Jean Claude Barr\u00e9 de Saint-Venant (23 August 1797, Villiers-en-Bi\u00e8re, Seine-et-Marne \u2013 6 January 1886, Saint-Ouen, Loir-et-Cher) was a mechanician and mathematician who contributed to early stress analysis and also developed the unsteady open channel flow shallow water equations, also known as the Saint-Venant equations that are a fundamental set of equations used in modern hydraulic engineering. The one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation is a commonly used simplification of the shallow water equations. Although his full surname was Barr\u00e9 de Saint-Venant in mathematical literature other than French he is known as Saint-Venant. His name is also associated with Saint-Venant's principle of statically equivalent systems of load, Saint-Venant's theorem and for Saint-Venant's compatibility condition, the integrability conditions for a symmetric tensor field to be a strain.\nIn 1843 he published the correct derivation of the Navier\u2013Stokes equations for a viscous flow and was the first to \"properly identify the coefficient of viscosity and its role as a multiplying factor for the velocity gradients in the flow\". Even though he published before Stokes, the equations do not bear his name.\nBarr\u00e9 de Saint-Venant developed a version of vector calculus similar to that of Grassmann (now understood as exterior differential forms) which he published in 1845. A dispute arose between Saint-Venant and Grassmann over priority for this invention. Grassmann had published his results in 1844, but Barr\u00e9 de Saint-Venant claimed he had developed the method in 1832.\nBarr\u00e9 de Saint-Venant was born at the ch\u00e2teau de Fortoiseau, Villiers-en-Bi\u00e8re, Seine-et-Marne, France.\nHis mother was Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Jos\u00e8phe Laborie (born Saint-Domingue, 1769). His father was Jean Barr\u00e9 de Saint-Venant, (1737\u20131810), a colonial officer of the Isle of Saint-Domingue (later Haiti), manager of the Duplaa plantation in Quartier-Morin known for his particular cruelty, and member of the Cercle des Philadelphes in Cap-Fran\u00e7ais, a society dedicated to colonial science founded in Haiti. His father's Des colonies modernes (1802) would attempt to find a scientific justification for the system of enslavement on which the colonial economy depended, and propose further methods of ensuring the continuation of the colonial system. Barr\u00e9 de Saint-Venant would follow in his father's footsteps in science, entering the \u00c9cole Polytechnique, in 1813 at sixteen years old, and studying under Gay-Lussac. Graduating in 1816 he worked for the next 27 years as an engineer, initially his passion for chemistry led him a post as a \u00e9l\u00e8ve-commissaire (student commissioner) for the Service des Poudres et Salp\u00eatres (Powders and Saltpeter Service) and then as a civil engineer at the Corps des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es. He married in 1837, Rohaut Fleury from Paris. Following a disagreement on an issue of road with the Municipal Administration of Paris, he was suddenly retired as \"Chief Engineer, second class\", on 1 April 1848. In 1850 Saint-Venant won a contest to be appointed the chair of Agricultural Engineering at the Agronomic Institute of Versailles, a post he occupied two years.He went on to teach mathematics at the \u00c9cole des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es (National school of Civil Engineering) where he succeeded Coriolis.\nIn 1868, at 71 years old, he was elected to succeed Poncelet in the mechanics section of the Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences, and continued research work for a further 18 years. He died in January 1886 at Saint-Ouen, Loir-et-Cher. Sources differ on his date of death: gives 6 January whereas 22 January. In 1869 he was given the title 'Count' (comte) by Pope Pius IX.", "Q51491": "Michael Curtiz ( kur-TEEZ; born Man\u00f3 Kaminer; December 24, 1886 \u2013 April 11, 1962) was a Hungarian-born American film director, recognized as one of the most prolific directors in history. He directed classic films from the silent era and numerous others during Hollywood's Golden Age, when the studio system was prevalent.\nCurtiz was already a well-known director in Europe when Warner Bros. invited him to Hollywood in 1926, when he was 39 years of age. He had already directed 64 films in Europe, and soon helped Warner Bros. become the fastest-growing movie studio. He directed 102 films during his Hollywood career, mostly at Warners, where he directed ten actors to Oscar nominations. James Cagney and Joan Crawford won their only Academy Awards under Curtiz's direction. He put Doris Day and John Garfield on screen for the first time, and he made stars of Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, and Bette Davis. He himself was nominated five times and won twice, once for Best Short Subject for Sons of Liberty and once as Best Director for Casablanca.\nCurtiz was among those who introduced to Hollywood a visual style using artistic lighting, extensive and fluid camera movement, high crane shots, and unusual camera angles. He was versatile and could handle any kind of picture: melodrama, comedy, love story, film noir, musical, war story, Western, or historical epic. He always paid attention to the human-interest aspect of every story, stating that the \"human and fundamental problems of real people\" were the basis of all good drama.Curtiz helped popularize the classic swashbuckler with films such as Captain Blood (1935) and The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). He directed many dramas which today are also considered classics, Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), The Sea Wolf (1941), Casablanca (1942), and Mildred Pierce (1945). He directed leading musicals, including Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942), This Is the Army (1943), and White Christmas, and he made comedies with Life With Father (1947) and We're No Angels (1955).", "Q464627": "X-Perience is a eurodance band from Berlin, Germany. Their music style varies between synthpop, trance and ethnopop. The band members are Manja Wagner (vocals since 2009), Matthias Uhle (composition, keyboards) and Alexander Kaiser (lyrics, keyboards). Singer Claudia Uhle, Matthias' sister, left the band in 2007 and was replaced by Manja Wagner.", "Q71741": "Pierre Sanoussi-Bliss (born 17 August 1962, Berlin-Mitte) is a German actor and director. He has appeared in television and films for over 20 years. He played a leading role in Doris D\u00f6rrie's 1994 film, Keiner liebt mich. He also plays a leading role in the comedy series Alles wird gut.\nHis most famous role is likely that of Axel Richter in the detective series The Old Fox from 1997. He has also directed Zur\u00fcck auf Los (2000), for which he was nominated for an award in the International Filmfest Emden. The film premiered at the 2000 Berlin International Film Festival, was shown at over 60 international film festivals and is available on DVD. Sanoussi-Bliss made a famous speech as the only representative of the media at the 2006 international summit at the German Chancellery.Sanoussi-Bliss has done voice work in audiobooks, such as Salve Roma! by Akif Pirin\u00e7ci and Was machen wir jetzt? by Doris D\u00f6rrie. He works as an honorary ambassador at the Children's Hospice in Mitteldeutschland Nordhausen in Tambach-Dietharz.", "Q216954": "\u02bbAbdu'l-Bah\u00e1 (; Persian: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0621\u200e, 23 May 1844 \u2013 28 November 1921), born \u02bbAbb\u00e1s (Persian: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u200e), was the eldest son of Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h and served as head of the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed Faith from 1892 until 1921. \u02bbAbdu'l-Bah\u00e1 was later canonized as the last of three \"central figures\" of the religion, along with Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h and the B\u00e1b, and his writings and authenticated talks are regarded as a source of Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed sacred literature.He was born in Tehran to an aristocratic family. At the age of eight his father was imprisoned during a government crackdown on the B\u00e1b\u00ed Faith and the family's possessions were looted, leaving them in virtual poverty. His father was exiled from their native Iran, and the family went to live in Baghdad, where they stayed for nine years. They were later called by the Ottoman state to Istanbul before going into another period of confinement in Edirne and finally the prison-city of \u02bbAkk\u00e1 (Acre). \u02bbAbdu'l-Bah\u00e1 remained a political prisoner there until the Young Turk Revolution freed him in 1908 at the age of 64. He then made several journeys to the West to spread the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed message beyond its middle-eastern roots, but the onset of World War I left him largely confined to Haifa from 1914 to 1918. The war replaced the openly hostile Ottoman authorities with the British Mandate, who knighted him for his help in averting famine following the war.\nIn 1892 \u02bbAbdu'l-Bah\u00e1 was appointed in his father's will to be his successor and head of the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed Faith. He faced opposition from virtually all his family members, but held the loyalty of the great majority of Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00eds around the world. His Tablets of the Divine Plan helped galvanize Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00eds in North America into spreading the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed teachings to new territories, and his Will and Testament laid the foundation for the current Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed administrative order. Many of his writings, prayers and letters are extant, and his discourses with the Western Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00eds emphasize the growth of the faith by the late 1890s.\n\u02bbAbdu'l-Bah\u00e1's given name was \u02bbAbb\u00e1s. Depending on context, he would have gone by either M\u00edrz\u00e1 \u02bbAbb\u00e1s (Persian) or \u02bbAbb\u00e1s Effendi (Turkish), both of which are equivalent to the English Sir \u02bbAbb\u00e1s. He preferred the title of \u02bbAbdu'l-Bah\u00e1 (\"servant of Bah\u00e1\", a reference to his father). He is commonly referred to in Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed texts as \"The Master\".", "Q27507": "Frank Joseph Malina (October 2, 1912 \u2014 November 9, 1981) was an American aeronautical engineer and painter, especially known for becoming both a pioneer in the art world and the realm of scientific engineering.", "Q61552": "Walter Jack Gotell (15 March 1924 \u2013 5 May 1997) was a German actor, known for his role as General Gogol, head of the KGB, in the Roger Moore-era of the James Bond film series, as well as having played the role of Morzeny, a villain, in From Russia With Love. He also appeared as Gogol in the final part of The Living Daylights (1987), Timothy Dalton's first Bond film.", "Q249288": "Three Amigos is a 1986 American western comedy film directed by John Landis and written by Lorne Michaels, Steve Martin, and Randy Newman, who wrote the songs for the film. Martin, Chevy Chase, and Martin Short star as the title characters, three silent film stars who are mistaken for real heroes by the suffering people of a small Mexican village. They must find a way to live up to their reputation and stop a marauding bandit.", "Q314831": "Richard Thomas Griffiths (31 July 1947 \u2013 28 March 2013) was an English actor of film, television, and stage. For his performance in the stage play The History Boys, Griffiths won much acclaim and received many awards including, Tony Award, Laurence Olivier Award, the Drama Desk Award, the Outer Critics Circle Award. For the 2006 film adaptation, Griffiths was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role.\nHe is perhaps most known for his role as Vernon Dursley in the Harry Potter film series. He also portrayed Uncle Monty in Withnail and I (1987), and Henry Crabbe in Pie in the Sky (1994\u20131997). Earlier in his career, he had supporting roles in such critically acclaimed films as Chariots of Fire (1981), The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), Gandhi (1982), and The Naked Gun 2\u00bd: The Smell of Fear (1991). In his later career he appeared in Sleepy Hollow (1999), The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005), and in Martin Scorsese's Hugo (2011).", "Q267175": "Lee Ann Meriwether (born May 27, 1935) is an American actress, former model, and the winner of the Miss America 1955 pageant. She is known for her role as Betty Jones, Buddy Ebsen's secretary and daughter-in-law in the 1970s crime drama Barnaby Jones. The role earned her two Golden Globe Award nominations in 1975 and 1976, and an Emmy Award nomination in 1977. She is also known for her role as Herman Munster's long-haired wife, Lily Munster, on the 1980s sitcom The Munsters Today, as well as for her portrayal of Catwoman, replacing Julie Newmar in the film version of Batman (1966), and for a co-starring role on the science fiction series The Time Tunnel. Meriwether had a recurring role as Ruth Martin on the daytime soap opera All My Children until the end of the series in September 2011.", "Q1426605": "Titanic is a 1996 American two-part television miniseries which premiered on CBS on November 17 and 19, 1996. Titanic follows several characters on board the RMS Titanic when she sinks on her maiden voyage in 1912. The miniseries was directed by Robert Lieberman. The original music score was composed by Lennie Niehaus.\n\n", "Q78003": "Martin Mosebach (born July 31, 1951 in Frankfurt am Main) is a German writer. He has published novels, stories, and collections of poems, written scripts for several films, opera libretti, theatre and radio plays. His first major non-fiction work is the book The 21 - A Journey into the Land of Coptic Martyrs detailing his visit to Egypt to examine the lives of the 21 Coptic martyrs beheaded by ISIS in 2015.The German Academy for Language and Literature praised him for \"combining stylistic splendour with original storytelling that demonstrates a humorous awareness of history.\"\nHe is a Traditionalist Roman Catholic. Among his works translated into English is The Heresy of Formlessness, a collection of essays on the liturgy and its recent reform told from the perspective of a literary writer. It has been published in the United States by Ignatius Press. The book argues for a return to the Tridentine Mass, about which the 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum declared that, rather than a \"rite\", it is a form of the one Roman Rite, stating also that the 1962 Roman Missal, which contained its final form, had never been formally abrogated.\nOther works include The Turkish Woman, The Tremor, The Long Night and Prince of Mist, in which the author examines the motives behind man's eternal search for a meaning.\n\n", "Q82811": "Acoustics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including topics such as vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound. A scientist who works in the field of acoustics is an acoustician while someone working in the field of acoustics technology may be called an acoustical engineer. The application of acoustics is present in almost all aspects of modern society with the most obvious being the audio and noise control industries.\nHearing is one of the most crucial means of survival in the animal world and speech is one of the most distinctive characteristics of human development and culture. Accordingly, the science of acoustics spreads across many facets of human society\u2014music, medicine, architecture, industrial production, warfare and more. Likewise, animal species such as songbirds and frogs use sound and hearing as a key element of mating rituals or marking territories. Art, craft, science and technology have provoked one another to advance the whole, as in many other fields of knowledge. Robert Bruce Lindsay's \"Wheel of Acoustics\" is a well accepted overview of the various fields in acoustics.", "Q68210": "Adliswil is a town and a municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.\nThe official language of Adliswil is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q2469442": "Joan Gaspart Solves (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8a\u014b \u0261\u0259s\u02c8pa\u027et]; born 11 October 1944) is a Spanish businessman and a former FC Barcelona president between July 2000 and February 2003. He was born in Barcelona. He is known as one of the best vice presidents of the club (during the presidency of Josep Llu\u00eds Nu\u00f1ez) but one of the worst presidents. Gaspart spent all the money taken from the sale of Lu\u00eds Figo to Real Madrid, buying Emmanuel Petit and Marc Overmars from Arsenal and Gerard from Valencia.\nGaspart stepped down as President of FC Barcelona in 2003 after some atrocious results for the club's football team.\nCurrently he is president of the football club UE Sant Andreu from Barcelona and President of the Royal Spanish Football Federation (Real Federaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola de F\u00fatbol, RFEF), and was responsible for Mr. \u00c1ngel Mar\u00eda Villar electoral campaign. Mr. Villar is currently President of the Royal Spanish Football Federation, and Vice President of both UEFA and FIFA.", "Q186327": "Brian Hugh Warner (born January 5, 1969), known professionally as Marilyn Manson, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, visual artist, and former music journalist. He is known for his controversial stage personality and image as the lead singer of the band of the same name, which he co-founded with guitarist Daisy Berkowitz in 1989 and of which he remains the only constant member. Like the other founding members of the band, his stage name was formed by combining and juxtaposing the names of two opposing American cultural icons a sex symbol and a serial killer, in Manson's case, actress Marilyn Monroe and criminal Charles Manson.\nManson is best known for music released in the 1990s, most notably the albums Portrait of an American Family (1994), Antichrist Superstar (1997) and Mechanical Animals (1998) which earned him a reputation in mainstream media as a controversial figure and negative influence on young people when combined with his public image. In the U.S. alone, three of the band's albums have been awarded platinum status and three more went gold, and the band has had eight releases debut in the top 10, including two No. 1 albums. Manson has been ranked at No. 44 on the list of the \"Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists\" by Hit Parader and, along with his band, has been nominated for four Grammy Awards.\nManson made his film debut as an actor in David Lynch's Lost Highway (1997), and has since appeared in a variety of minor roles and cameos. He was interviewed in Michael Moore's political documentary about gun violence, Bowling for Columbine, discussing possible motivations for the 1999 Columbine massacre, after media speculation that the shooters were avid fans of Manson's music; he denied allegations that his music was a contributory factor. In September 2002, his first art show, The Golden Age of Grotesque, was held at the Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions center. At a 2010 exhibition at Kunsthalle gallery in Vienna, he unveiled Genealogies of Pain, a series of 20 paintings on which he collaborated with Lynch.", "Q205096": "Robert Wood (1717 \u2013 9 September 1771) was an Irish-British traveller, classical scholar, civil servant and politician.\nHe was the son of the Revd James Wood of Summerhill, County Meath and educated at Glasgow University (1732) and the Middle Temple (1736).\nIn 1750-1751 Wood travelled around the Levant with two wealthy young Oxford scholars James Dawkins and John Bouverie (who died of a fever early in their expedition) and an Italian draftsman Giovanni Battista Borra. Their primary goal was to explore the Troad and locate the key sites mentioned by Homer. Moving south into Syria, they then took careful measurements and drawings of the ancient Roman ruins of Palmyra and Baalbek. The results of these were published in 1753 and 1757 in both English and French editions and were among the first systematic publications of ancient buildings. Both works were of great influence on neoclassical architecture in Britain, Continental Europe and America. From 1753 to 1756, Wood was the tutor and travelling companion (or Bear-leader as such men were known at the time) of the young Duke of Bridgewater, the richest peer in England, in making the Grand Tour.\nIn 1756 he was appointed Under Secretary to the Secretary of State for the Southern Department, who was initially Pitt the Elder. It was to Wood that Granville famously quoted an appropriate passage from Homer's Iliad as he signed the Treaty of Paris on his deathbed in 1763 (Wood published an essay on Homer in 1765, which stated that true knowledge can come only after one has had an opportunity to evaluate one's own society in relation to others). In 1764, following the instructions of Secretary of State Halifax, Wood acted under a general warrant to seize the papers of John Wilkes, who subsequently won damages of \u00a31000 from him for trespass.\nIn 1761 Wood was elected Member of Parliament for the Duke of Bridgewater's pocket borough of Brackley in Northamptonshire, which he continued to represent until his death. He was also Master of the Revels in Ireland, and at one point it was rumoured that he would be appointed Secretary to the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, but the Lord Lieutenant objected to Wood's \"public and private character\" as well as his \"mean birth\", and the appointment was never made.\n\nAfter his death on 9 September 1771, Wood was buried near his home in Putney at Putney Old Burial Ground, in a white marble sarcophagus engraved with an epitaph written by Horace Walpole. He had married Ann, the daughter of Thomas Skottowe, with whom he had two sons and a daughter. One son Robert was also an MP.", "Q515974": "Gianfranco Brancatelli (born 18 January 1950 in Turin, Piedmont) is a former racing driver from Italy.", "Q53286": "Christian Lundeberg (14 July 1842 \u2013 10 November 1911) was a Swedish politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 2 August to 7 November 1905.", "Q311791": "Nikolai Grigoryevich Rubinstein (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d; 14 June [O.S. 2 June] 1835 \u2013 23 March [O.S. 11 March] 1881) was a Russian pianist, conductor, and composer. He was the younger brother of Anton Rubinstein and a close friend of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.", "Q25310": "Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925 \u2013 June 6, 1968), sometimes referred to by the initials RFK and occaisonally Bobby, was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, and as a U.S. Senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968. Kennedy, like his brothers John and Edward, was a prominent member of the Democratic Party and has come to be viewed by some historians as an icon of modern American liberalism.Kennedy was born into a wealthy, political family in Brookline, Massachusetts. After serving in the U.S. Naval Reserve as a seaman apprentice from 1944 to 1946, Kennedy returned to his studies at Harvard University, graduating in 1948. He received his law degree from the University of Virginia, and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1951. He began his career as a correspondent for The Boston Post and as a lawyer at the Justice Department, but later resigned to manage his brother John's successful campaign for the U.S. Senate in 1952. The following year, he worked as an assistant counsel to the Senate committee chaired by Senator Joseph McCarthy. He gained national attention as the chief counsel of the Senate Labor Rackets Committee from 1957 to 1959, where he publicly challenged Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa over the corrupt practices of the union. Kennedy resigned from the committee to conduct his brother's campaign in the 1960 presidential election. He was appointed United States Attorney General after the successful election and served as the closest advisor to the President from 1961 to 1963.His tenure is best known for its advocacy for the civil rights movement, the fight against organized crime and the Mafia, and involvement in U.S. foreign policy related to Cuba. He authored his account of the Cuban Missile Crisis in a book titled Thirteen Days. After his brother's assassination, he remained in office in the Johnson Administration for several months. He left to run for the United States Senate from New York in 1964 and defeated Republican incumbent Kenneth Keating. In office, Kennedy opposed racial discrimination and U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. He was an advocate for issues related to human rights and social justice and formed relationships with Martin Luther King Jr. and Cesar Chavez.\nIn 1968, Kennedy became a leading candidate for the Democratic nomination for the presidency by appealing to poor, African American, Hispanic, Catholic, and young voters. His main challenger in the race was Senator Eugene McCarthy. Shortly after winning the California primary around midnight on June 5, 1968, Kennedy was mortally wounded when shot with a pistol by Sirhan Sirhan, a 24-year-old Palestinian, allegedly in retaliation for his support of Israel following the 1967 Six-Day War. Kennedy died the following morning. Sirhan was arrested, tried, and convicted, though Kennedy's assassination, like his brother's, continues to be the subject of widespread analysis and numerous conspiracy theories.", "Q121826": "Theodor Habicht (4 April 1898 \u2013 31 January 1944) was a leading political figure in Nazi Germany. He played a leading role in the Austrian Nazi Party. During World War II, he was involved in the administration of Nazi-occupied Norway until his dismissal by Adolf Hitler. He later served in the Wehrmacht and was killed in action on the Eastern Front at Nevel in 1944.\n\n", "Q1778919": "Jerry Buddy Long Jr. (born March 10, 1969), better known by his stage name Kokane, is an American recording artist best known for his distinctive vocal style and numerous guest appearances, such as on Snoop Dogg's Tha Last Meal.", "Q235155": "White people is a racial classification specifier, used mostly and often exclusively for people of European descent; depending on context, nationality, and point of view. The term has at times been expanded to encompass persons of Middle Eastern and North African descent (for example, in the US Census definition), persons who are often considered non-white in other contexts. The usage of \"white people\" or a \"white race\" for a large group of mainly or exclusively European populations, defined by their light skin, among other physical characteristics, and contrasting with \"black people\", Amerindians, and other \"colored\" people or \"persons of color\", originated in the 17th century. It was only during the 19th century that this vague category was transformed in a quasi-scientific system of race and skin color relations.\nThe concept of a unified white race did not achieve universal acceptance in Europe when it first came into use in the 17th century, or in the centuries afterward. Nazi Germany regarded some European peoples such as Slavs as racially distinct from themselves. Prior to the modern age, no European peoples regarded themselves as \"white\", but rather defined their race, ancestry, or ethnicity in terms of their nationality. Moreover, there is no accepted standard for determining the geographic barrier between white and non-white people. Contemporary anthropologists and other scientists, while recognizing the reality of biological variation between different human populations, regard the concept of a unified, distinguishable \"white race\" as socially constructed. As a group with several different potential boundaries, it is an example of a fuzzy concept.\nThe concept of whiteness has particular resonance in the Anglosphere: e.g., in the United States (White Americans), Canada (white Canadians), Australia (white Australians), New Zealand (white New Zealanders), the United Kingdom (white British), and South Africa (white South Africans). In much of the rest of Europe, the distinction between race and nationality is more blurred; when people are asked to describe their race or ancestry, they often describe it in terms of their nationality. Various social constructions of whiteness have been significant to national identity, public policy, religion, population statistics, racial segregation, affirmative action, white privilege, eugenics, racial marginalization, and racial quotas.\nThe term \"white race\" or \"white people\" entered the major European languages in the later 17th century, in the context of racialized slavery and unequal social status in the European colonies. Description of populations as \"white\" in reference to their skin color predates this notion and is occasionally found in Greco-Roman ethnography and other ancient or medieval sources, but these societies did not have any notion of a white, pan-European race. Scholarship on race distinguishes the modern concept from pre-modern descriptions, which focused on physical complexion rather than race.", "Q331441": "Dmitry Chepovetsky (Ukrainian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0427\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439, romanized: Dmytro \u010cepove\u0107k\u00fd; born 1970) is a Ukrainian Gemini Award-nominated actor based in Canada, best known for his role of Bob Melnikov in the TV series ReGenesis.", "Q430276": "Andrew Keen (born c. 1960) is a British-American entrepreneur and author. He is particularly known for his view that the current Internet culture and the Web 2.0 trend may be debasing culture, an opinion he shares with Jaron Lanier and Nicholas G. Carr among others. Keen is especially concerned about the way that the current Internet culture undermines the authority of learned experts and the work of professionals.\n\n", "Q7082": "Hansestadt Stendal (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283t\u025bnda\u02d0l]) is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is the capital of the Stendal District and the unofficial capital of the Altmark region.", "Q74639": "Friedrich Bernard Christian Maassen (24 September 1823 \u2013 9 April 1900, age 76) was a German jurist, professor of law, and Roman Catholic scholar.", "Q3568307": "William Henry \"Will\" Wright (March 26, 1894 \u2013 June 19, 1962) was an American actor. He was frequently cast in westerns and as a curmudgeonly and argumentative old man. Over the course of his career, Wright appeared in more than 200 film and television roles.", "Q44922": "Judith Sargent Stevens Murray (May 1, 1751 \u2013 June 9, 1820) was an early American advocate for women's rights, an essay writer, playwright, poet, and letter writer. She was one of the first American proponents of the idea of the equality of the sexes\u2014that women, like men, had the capability of intellectual accomplishment and should be able to achieve economic independence. Among many other influential pieces, her landmark essay \"On the Equality of the Sexes\" paved the way for new thoughts and ideas proposed by other feminist writers of the century.", "Q328110": "Rocco Anthony Petrone (March 31, 1926 \u2013 August 24, 2006) was an American mechanical engineer, U.S. Army officer and NASA official. He served as director of launch operations at NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) from 1966 to 1969, as Apollo program director at NASA Headquarters from 1969 to 1973, as third director of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center from 1973 to 1974, and as NASA Associate Administrator from 1974 until his retirement from NASA in 1975.", "Q233524": "Ineta Rad\u0113vi\u010da (born 13 July 1981 in Kr\u0101slava, Soviet Union) is a retired Latvian athlete, competing in the long jump and triple jump.\nRad\u0113vi\u010da won the bronze medal in the 2003 European U-23 championship. She has also won two NCAA championships, while competing for the University of Nebraska. In the 2004 Summer Olympics, she was 13th in the triple jump and 20th in the long jump. Rad\u0113vi\u010da became popular after posing nude for Playboy magazine before the 2004 Summer Olympics. She finished fifth at the 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships and eighth at the 2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships. By the time 2008 Summer Olympics were held, she was pregnant and missed the competition.\nAt the 2010 European Championships she won the long jump event with a new Latvian record of 6.92 metres. In 2011, she won the bronze medal in the World Championships in Daegu with a result of 6.76 metres. In 2017 she received Silver medal when results were updated because of past doping offenses.At the 2012 Summer Olympics she placed fourth, with Janay DeLoach finishing just one centimeter ahead of her. Afterwards she realised her dream of earning an Olympic medal was not going to happen, and she retired to devote herself to her family, ending her professional career.\nIn May 2019, following reanalysis of her samples from the 2012 Olympics, which tested positive for oxandrolone metabolites, she was disqualified from the Olympic Games.Rad\u0113vi\u010da was coached by Evgeny Ter-Ovanesov.", "Q184530": "Gerolamo (or Girolamo, or Geronimo) Cardano (Italian: [d\u0292e\u02c8r\u0254lamo kar\u02c8dano]; French: J\u00e9r\u00f4me Cardan; Latin: Hieronymus Cardanus; 24 September 1501 \u2013 21 September 1576) was an Italian polymath, whose interests and proficiencies ranged from being a mathematician, physician, biologist, physicist, chemist, astrologer, astronomer, philosopher, writer, and gambler. He was one of the most influential mathematicians of the Renaissance, and was one of the key figures in the foundation of probability and the earliest introducer of the binomial coefficients and the binomial theorem in the Western world. He wrote more than 200 works on science.Cardano partially invented and described several mechanical devices including the combination lock, the gimbal consisting of three concentric rings allowing a supported compass or gyroscope to rotate freely, and the Cardan shaft with universal joints, which allows the transmission of rotary motion at various angles and is used in vehicles to this day. He made significant contributions to hypocycloids, published in De proportionibus, in 1570. The generating circles of these hypocycloids were later named Cardano circles or cardanic circles and were used for the construction of the first high-speed printing presses.Today, he is well known for his achievements in algebra. He made the first systematic use of negative numbers in Europe, published with attribution the solutions of other mathematicians for the cubic and quartic equations, and acknowledged the existence of imaginary numbers.", "Q72248": "Vitry-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: \u200b[vi.t\u0281i.sy\u0281.s\u025bn]) is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 7.5 km (4.7 mi) from the centre of Paris.", "Q281396": "Shawn Moltke (born September 6, 1965) better known by his stage name MC Shan, is an American hip hop and R&B recording artist. He is best known for his song \"The Bridge\" produced by Marley Marl, and for collaborating with Snow on \"Informer\", the international number-one hit single. MC Shan is one of the most parodied hip hop artists of the 20th century (along with KRS-One), owing to The Bridge Wars. MC Shan's New York birth records state he was born in Queens, New York.", "Q65734": "Wachseldorn is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q116734": "Gendarme in New York (French: Le gendarme \u00e0 New York) is the sequel to the French comedy film Le gendarme de Saint-Tropez. It stars Louis de Fun\u00e8s as the gendarme. With Michel Galabru, Christian Marin, Grosso and Modo, Alan Scott.", "Q23007": "Leimen is a town in north-west Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is about 7 km (4.3 mi) south of Heidelberg and the third largest town of the Rhein-Neckar district after Weinheim and Sinsheim. It is also the area's industrial centre.\nLeimen is located on the Bergstra\u00dfe (Mountain Road) and on the Bertha Benz Memorial Route.\nIn the context of a communal reform in the 1970s, Leimen was newly created from the villages Leimen, Gauangelloch and Sankt Ilgen. In 1981, the state government of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg granted Leimen the privilege to be called \"town.\" When Leimen's population exceeded 20,000 in 1990, the city council applied for elevation to a Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt which was granted by the state government on April 1, 1992.", "Q65052": "Kallern is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q194045": "Stephen Tyler (born Steven Victor Tallarico; March 26, 1948) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, actor, and former television personality. He is best known as the lead singer of the Boston-based rock band Aerosmith, in which he also plays the harmonica, piano, and percussion. He is known as the \"Demon of Screamin'\" due to his high screams and his wide vocal range. He is also known for his on-stage acrobatics. During his high-energy performances, Tyler usually dresses in bright, colorful outfits with his trademark scarves hanging from his microphone stand.\nIn the 1970s, Tyler rose to prominence as the lead singer of Aerosmith, which released such milestone hard rock albums as Toys in the Attic and Rocks, along with a string of hit singles, including \"Dream On\", \"Sweet Emotion\" and \"Walk This Way\". By the late 1970s and early 1980s, Tyler had a heavy drug and alcohol addiction and the band's popularity waned. In 1986, Tyler completed drug rehabilitation and Aerosmith rose to prominence again when Tyler and Joe Perry joined Run-DMC for a re-make of the classic Aerosmith song \"Walk This Way,\" which became a Top 5 hit. Aerosmith subsequently launched a remarkable comeback with the multi-platinum albums Permanent Vacation, Pump, Get a Grip and Nine Lives, which produced a combined thirteen Top 40 singles and won the band numerous awards. During this time, the band embarked on their longest and most extensive concert tours, promoted their singles with conceptual music videos and made notable appearances in television, film and video games.\nIn the wake of this success, Tyler emerged as one of the most enduring rock icons. Since the late 1980s, he has embarked on several solo endeavors including guest appearances on other artists' music (working with artists as diverse as Alice Cooper, M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce, Santana, Pink and Keith Anderson), film and TV roles (including as a judge on American Idol and several cameo and guest appearances in other programs and films), authoring a bestselling book and solo work (including the Top 40 hit single \"(It) Feels So Good\" in 2011). While tension with his Aerosmith bandmates boiled in 2009 and 2010 after he fell off the stage at a concert, had a relapse with prescription drugs (which he successfully received treatment for in 2009), and signed on to American Idol without telling his bandmates, Tyler has continued to record music and perform with Aerosmith, after more than 48 years in the band. In 2016, Tyler released his debut solo album, We're All Somebody from Somewhere, a country rock album that included the hit single \"Love Is Your Name\". Tyler supported the album with the \"Out on a Limb\" Tour. Tyler continues to perform both solo (with backing from the Loving Mary Band) and with Aerosmith.\nTyler is included among Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Singers. He was ranked third on Hit Parader's Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time. In 2001, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Aerosmith and in 2013, Tyler and his songwriting partner Joe Perry received the ASCAP Founders Award and were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.", "Q19794001": "Altes Geld is an Austrian TV dark comedy series created by David Schalko, revolving around the dysfunctions of a wealthy Viennese family. It was originally broadcast on Flimmit, ORF's online platform in early 2015, before being aired on ORF eins in Austria in November. Subsequently, it aired on RTL Crime in Germany in February 2016. It also screened at the International Film Festival Rotterdam in 2016. The main role, played by Udo Kier, was originally to be played by Gert Voss, before his sudden death.", "Q350915": "Pedro Ram\u00edrez V\u00e1zquez (April 16, 1919 \u2013 April 16, 2013) was a late twentieth century Mexican architect. He was born in Mexico City. He was persuaded to study architecture by writer and poet Carlos Pellicer.\nRam\u00edrez V\u00e1zquez earned a Bachelor of Architecture degree from UNAM in 1943. He was responsible for the construction of some of Mexico's most emblematic buildings. He was a modern architect with influences from the European modern movement, Latin American modern architects and precolumbian cultures. Concrete is the material he used most often.\nHe developed a system to construct schools in rural areas, constructing thousands of schools in Mexico and abroad. The UNICEF has used such system. He was the president of the organizing committee of the Mexico City Olympics in 1968 and the World Cup in 1970. He was a member of the International Olympic Committee.\nHe won several awards including the National Arts Award in 1973, Cemex Award in 2003 and IDSA's Special Award in 1969 for notable results, creative and innovative concepts and long-term benefits to the industrial design profession, its educational functions and society at large. He was minister of public infrastructure and human settlements during president's Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez Portillo government. He was founder and rector of the Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana. He was part of the faculty of the UNAM and received various honorary degrees (doctor honoris causa) granted by several universities including the UNAM.\nThe Los Angeles Times wrote that \"Ramirez Vazquez was known for stunningly original designs that blended a European modernist sensibility with pre-Columbia aesthetics.\"", "Q523578": "Winifred Holtby (23 June 1898 \u2013 29 September 1935) was an English novelist and journalist, now best known for her novel South Riding, which was posthumously published in 1936\n\n", "Q2104471": "Disney Music Group (DMG) is the music recording arm of The Walt Disney Studios, a division of The Walt Disney Company. It is located at the studio's headquarters in Burbank, California. The division's subsidiaries consist of two owned record labels\u2014Walt Disney Records and Hollywood Records\u2014along with Disney Music Publishing, the publishing entity that administers the company's music, as well as Disney Concerts.", "Q110345": "Eduard Brockhaus (7 August 1829 - 11 January 1914) was a German publisher and politician.", "Q156310": "Prabodh Chandra Dey (1 May 1919 \u2212 24 October 2013), known by his stage name Manna Dey, was an internationally acclaimed Indian playback singer, music director, musician and Indian classical vocalist. He is considered one of the most versatile and celebrated vocalists of the Hindi film industry. He was one of the playback singers credited with the success of Indian classical music in Hindi commercial movies. He debuted in the film Tamanna in 1942. After the song \"Upar Gagan Bishal\" composed by S D Burman he saw success and went on to record more than 4,000 songs till 2013. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri in 1971, the Padma Bhushan in 2005 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2007.Dey sang in all the major regional Indian languages, though primarily in Hindi and Bengali. Dey also sang in Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili, Punjabi, Assamese, Odia, Konkani, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Kannada, Malayalam, and Nepali. His peak period in Hindi playback singing was from 1953 to 1976.\n\n", "Q589585": "Gabriela Adame\u0219teanu (Romanian pronunciation: [\u0261abri\u02c8ela adame\u0283\u02c8te\u032fanu]; born April 2, 1942) is a Romanian novelist, short story writer, essayist, journalist, and translator. The author of the celebrated novels The Equal Way of Every Day (1975) and Wasted Morning (1983), she is also known as an activist in support of civil society and member of the Group for Social Dialogue (GDS), as well as editor of Revista 22.", "Q214825": "Mathias Richling (born 24 March 1953 in Waiblingen) is a German actor, author, comedian and Kabarett artist. \nRichling studied literature, music and theatre. From 1989 to 1996 he had a program called Jetzt schl\u00e4gt's Richling on the German TV channel ARD. Since 1999 he produced the program Zwerch trifft Fell on the German TV channel S\u00fcdwestrundfunk. Together with Bruno Jonas he was part of the popular German cabaret show Scheibenwischer. He often presents in cabaret high-ranked German politicians.", "Q1728690": "Kapp Records was an independent record label started in 1954 by David Kapp, brother of Jack Kapp (who had set up American Decca Records in 1934). David Kapp founded his own label after stints with Decca and RCA Victor. Kapp licensed its records to London Records for release in the UK.\nIn 1967, David Kapp sold his label to MCA Inc. and the label was placed under Uni Records management; Kapp was consolidated with MCA's other record labels in 1971 and, in 1973, MCA Records released the last Kapp record. Catalogue albums that continued to sell were renumbered and reissued on the MCA label.Kapp's subsidiaries included Medallion Records (an audiophile label), Congress Records, Leader Records, and Four Corners Records with its \"4 Corners of the World\" logo. Four Corners was formed to promote European artists, such as Fran\u00e7oise Hardy, Raymond Lef\u00e8vre, and the Barclay Singers.\nToday, the Kapp Records catalog is owned by MCA's successor-in-interest Universal Music Group through its Geffen Records subsidiary.", "Q519828": "Mabel Bernice Scott (April 30, 1915 \u2013 July 20, 2000) was an American gospel music and R&B vocalist. She lived in New York and Cleveland before arriving on the West Coast blues scene in 1942. Mabel is probably remembered more for her 1948 hits \"Elevator Boogie\" and \"Boogie Woogie Santa Claus\" than for her 1949\u20131951 marriage to the featured piano player of \"Elevator Boogie\", Charles Brown of Johnny Moore's Three Blazers.", "Q67645": "Eugen Kogon (2 February 1903 \u2013 24 December 1987) was a historian and a survivor of the Holocaust. A well-known Christian opponent of the Nazi Party, he was arrested more than once and spent six years at Buchenwald concentration camp. Kogon was known in Germany as a journalist, sociologist, political scientist, author, and politician. He was considered one of the \"intellectual fathers\" of both West Germany and European integration.", "Q211785": "Mikhail Yevgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u043b\u0442\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432-\u0429\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d, IPA: [m\u02b2\u026ax\u0250\u02c8il j\u026av\u02c8\u0261raf\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 s\u0259lt\u0268\u02c8kof \u0255\u02d0\u026a\u02c8dr\u02b2in]; 27 January [O.S. 15 January] 1826 \u2013 10 May [O.S. 28 April] 1889), was a major Russian satirist of the 19th century. He spent most of his life working as a civil servant in various capacities. After the death of poet Nikolay Nekrasov he acted as editor of the well-known Russian magazine, Otechestvenniye Zapiski, until the government banned it in 1884. His best-known work, the novel The Golovlyov Family, appeared in 1876.", "Q76990": "Ben (born Bernhard Albrecht Matthias Lasse Bl\u00fcmel on May 15, 1981, in Berlin) is a German singer, songwriter, and occasional voice actor and TV host.\nHis greatest success was 2002 with the hit single \"Engel\", a collaboration with singer Gim. He was also successful as TV presenter of the music show The Dome (RTL II), Toggo Music (Super RTL) and Bravo TV (Pro 7).\nHe was the narrator in the German version of the 2006 Canadian-French animal film The White Planet.", "Q47595": "Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, Spanish: el Sabio; 23 November 1221 \u2013 4 April 1284) was the king of Castile, Le\u00f3n and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Germany on 1 April. He renounced his claim to Germany in 1275, and in creating an alliance with the Kingdom of England in 1254, his claim on the Duchy of Gascony as well.\nAlfonso X fostered the development of a cosmopolitan court that encouraged learning. Jews, Muslims, and Christians had prominent roles in his court. As a result of his encouraging the translation of works from Arabic and Latin into the vernacular of Castile, many intellectual changes took place, including the encouragement of the use of Castilian as a primary language of higher learning, science, and law. \nAlfonso was a prolific author of Galician poetry, such as the Cantigas de Santa Maria, which are equally notable for their musical notation as for their literary merit. Alfonso's scientific interests\u2014he is sometimes nicknamed the Astrologer (el Astr\u00f3logo)\u2014led him to sponsor the creation of the Alfonsine tables, and the Alphonsus crater on the moon is named after him. He also sponsored the work of historians, who for the first time placed Spain - he would have called it that \u2014 in the context of world history. As a lawmaker he introduced the first vernacular law code in Spain, the Siete Partidas. He created the Mesta, an association of sheep farmers in the central plain, but debased the coinage to finance his claim to the German crown. He fought a successful war with Portugal, but a less successful one with Granada. The end of his reign was marred by a civil war with his eldest surviving son, the future Sancho IV, which continued after his death.", "Q685": "Solomon Islands is a sovereign state consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania lying to the east of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu and covering a land area of 28,400 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi). The country's capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal. The country takes its name from the Solomon Islands archipelago, which is a collection of Melanesian islands that also includes the North Solomon Islands (a part of Papua New Guinea), but excludes outlying islands, such as Rennell and Bellona, and the Santa Cruz Islands.\nIn 1568, the Spanish navigator \u00c1lvaro de Menda\u00f1a was the first European to visit them, naming them the Islas Salom\u00f3n. Britain defined its area of interest in the Solomon Islands archipelago in June 1893, when Captain Gibson R.N., of HMS Curacoa, declared the southern Solomon Islands a British protectorate. During World War II, the Solomon Islands campaign (1942\u20131945) saw fierce fighting between the United States, Commonwealth forces and the Empire of Japan, such as in the Battle of Guadalcanal.\nThe official name of the then British administration was changed from the British Solomon Islands Protectorate to the Solomon Islands in 1975, and self-government was achieved the following year. Independence was obtained, and the name changed to just \"Solomon Islands\" (without the definite article), in 1978. At independence, Solomon Islands became a constitutional monarchy. The Queen of Solomon Islands is Elizabeth II, represented by the Governor-General.", "Q687276": "Kenelm Edward Lee Guinness MBE (14 August 1887 \u2013 10 April 1937) was an Irish-born racing driver of the 1910s and 1920s mostly associated with Sunbeam racing cars. He set a new Land Speed Record in 1922. Also an automotive engineer, he invented and manufactured the KLG spark plug. A member of the Guinness brewing family, and a director of the company, he lived and died in Putney Vale, and was buried at the nearby cemetery, bordering Putney Heath.", "Q434776": "Lourdes Benedicto (born November 12, 1974) is an American actress of Filipino and Dominican descent. She is perhaps best known for her starring roles on the television series 24 as Carrie Turner, as Eva Rios on The Nine, and for her role as Alicia Lawson on the short-lived series Cashmere Mafia.", "Q152176": "Paul \u00c9luard (French: [el\u0265ar]), born Eug\u00e8ne \u00c9mile Paul Grindel ([\u0261\u0281\u025b\u0303d\u025bl]; 14 December 1895 \u2013 18 November 1952), was a French poet and one of the founders of the surrealist movement.", "Q433019": "William Wright (W. W.) Heard (April 28, 1853 - May 31, 1926) was the 32nd Governor of Louisiana from 1900 to 1904. His governorship saw the start of the Louisiana's oil and gas industry.", "Q267613": "Natalie Martinez (born July 12, 1984) is an American actress and model. She may be best known for her role in the 2008 film Death Race, her appearances in several music videos between 2003 and 2011, and two short-lived telenovelas in 2006 and 2007. Martinez starred in the single season of the crime drama Detroit 1-8-7, had a recurring role for one season of CSI: NY, and starred in one season of the drama series Kingdom, and appeared in the 2019 science fiction miniseries The I-Land.", "Q2844": "Bras\u00edlia (, Portuguese: [b\u027ea\u02c8zilj\u0250]) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located atop the Brazilian highlands in the country's center-western region. It was founded on April 21, 1960, to serve as the new national capital. Bras\u00edlia is estimated to be Brazil's third-most populous city. Among major Latin American cities, it has the highest GDP per capita.Bras\u00edlia was planned and developed by L\u00facio Costa, Oscar Niemeyer and Joaquim Cardozo in 1956 in a scheme to move the capital from Rio de Janeiro to a more central location. The landscape architect was Roberto Burle Marx. The city's design divides it into numbered blocks as well as sectors for specified activities, such as the Hotel Sector, the Banking Sector, and the Embassy Sector. Bras\u00edlia was chosen as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its modernist architecture and uniquely artistic urban planning. It was named \"City of Design\" by UNESCO in October 2017 and has been part of the Creative Cities Network since then.All three branches of Brazil's federal government are centered in the city: executive, legislative and judiciary. Bras\u00edlia also hosts 124 foreign embassies. The city's international airport connects it to all other major Brazilian cities and some international destinations, and it is the third-busiest airport in Brazil. Bras\u00edlia is the most populous Portuguese-speaking capital city. It was one of the main host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and hosted some of the football matches during the 2016 Summer Olympics; it also hosted the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.\nThe city has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like other cities in Brazil. Although Bras\u00edlia is used as a synonym for the Federal District through synecdoche, the Federal District is composed of 31 administrative regions, only one of which is the area of the originally planned city, also called Plano Piloto. The rest of the Federal District is considered by IBGE to make up Bras\u00edlia's metro area.\n\n", "Q230993": "Jennifer McCarthy Wahlberg (n\u00e9e Jennifer Ann McCarthy; born November 1, 1972) is an American actress, model, television host, satellite radio broadcaster, author, and anti-vaccine activist. She began her career in 1993 as a nude model for Playboy magazine and was later named their Playmate of the Year. McCarthy then had a television and film acting career, starting as a co-host on the MTV game show Singled Out, then some eponymous sitcoms, as well as films such as BASEketball, Diamonds, Scream 3, and Santa Baby. She is a former co-host of the ABC talk show The View. She is currently a judge on the Fox musical competition show The Masked Singer.\nMcCarthy has written books about parenting and has promoted research into environmental causes and alternative medical treatments for autism. She has promoted the disproven idea that vaccines cause autism, and she believes that chelation therapy, a dangerous quack cure helped cure her son of autism. McCarthy's views have been considered dangerous, reckless, and uninformed. McCarthy has been described as \"the nation's most prominent purveyor of anti-vaxxer ideology\" and \"the face of the anti-vaxx movement\". Although she disputes the anti-vaccine label and has said she prefers the term \"pro-safe-vaccine-schedule\", this self-description has been met with strong criticism.", "Q28152": "Hark Bohm (born 18 May 1939) is a German actor, screenwriter, film director, playwright and former professor for cinema studies. He was born in Hamburg-Othmarschen and grew up on the island Amrum. His younger brother was the actor Marquard Bohm, who starred in some of his early films. He is most notable for his long-time collaboration with Rainer Werner Fassbinder.\nHis first featurefilm as a director was the German western Tschetan, der Indianerjunge shot in 1972 and starring his brother Marquard as well as his adopted son Dschingis Bowakow as Tschetan.\nIn 1978, he directed the film Moritz, Dear Moritz, which was entered into the 28th Berlin International Film Festival. Ten years later, his film Yasemin was entered into the 38th Berlin International Film Festival. In 1990, his film Herzlich willkommen was entered into the 40th Berlin International Film Festival. In 1997, he was a member of the jury at the 47th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q76748": "Rudolf Otto (25 September 1869 \u2013 7 March 1937) was an eminent German Lutheran theologian, philosopher, and comparative religionist. He is regarded as one of the most influential scholars of religion in the early twentieth century and is best known for his concept of the numinous, a profound emotional experience he argued was at the heart of the world's religions. While his work started in the domain of liberal Christian theology, its main thrust was always apologetical, seeking to defend religion against naturalist critiques. Otto eventually came to conceive of his work as part of a science of religion, which was divided into the philosophy of religion, the history of religion, and the psychology of religion.", "Q61234": "Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria (German: Adelgunde Auguste Charlotte Caroline Elisabeth Amalie Marie Sophie Luise von Bayern; 19 March 1823 \u2013 28 October 1914) was a daughter of Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. She was Duchess consort of Modena by her marriage to Francis V, Duke of Modena.", "Q435468": "Jonathan Stephen Geoffrey King, known as Jonathan \u201cNash\u201d Hyde (born 21 May 1948), is an Australian\u2013English actor, known for roles such as Herbert Cadbury in Richie Rich, J. Bruce Ismay in the 1997 film Titanic, Culverton Smith in The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, Warren Westridge in Anaconda, Sam Parrish and Van Pelt in Jumanji, and Eldritch Palmer in the FX TV series The Strain.", "Q69668": "Steffisburg is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the former municipality of Schwendibach merged into the municipality of Steffisburg.", "Q76984": "Julius Streicher (12 February 1885 \u2013 16 October 1946) was a member of the Nazi Party. He was the founder and publisher of the virulently antisemitic newspaper Der St\u00fcrmer, which became a central element of the Nazi propaganda machine. His publishing firm also released three antisemitic books for children, including the 1938 Der Giftpilz (translated into English as The Toadstool or The Poisonous Mushroom), one of the most widespread pieces of propaganda, which warned about the supposed dangers Jews posed by using the metaphor of an attractive yet deadly mushroom. The publishing firm was financially very successful and made Streicher a multi-millionaire. At the end of the war he was convicted of crimes against humanity in the Nuremberg trials, and was executed.", "Q981236": "Francisco \"Paco\" Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez (born 20 November 1934 in Valencia) is a Spanish singer and musician. He never composed his own lyrics, but used famous poems, like those of Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, Luis Cernuda, Rafael Alberti or Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez. He also sang compositions from Georges Brassens.", "Q691": "Papua New Guinea (PNG; , also US: ; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini; Hiri Motu: Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea (Tok Pisin: Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; Hiri Motu: Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country in Oceania that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. The western half of New Guinea forms the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua. It is the world's 3rd largest island country with 462,840 km2 (178,700 sq mi).At the national level, after being ruled by three external powers since 1884, Papua New Guinea established its sovereignty in 1975. This followed nearly 60 years of Australian administration, which started during World War I. It became an independent Commonwealth realm in 1975 with Elizabeth II as its queen. It also became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations in its own right.\nPapua New Guinea is one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world. It is also one of the most rural, as only eighteen per cent of its people live in urban centres. There are 851 known languages in the country, of which 11 now have no known speakers. Most of the population of more than 8 million people lives in customary communities, which are as diverse as the languages. The country is one of the world's least explored, culturally and geographically. It is known to have numerous groups of uncontacted peoples, and researchers believe there are many undiscovered species of plants and animals in the interior.Papua New Guinea is classified as a developing economy by the International Monetary Fund. Strong growth in Papua New Guinea's mining and resource sector led to the country becoming the sixth-fastest-growing economy in the world in 2011. Growth was expected to slow once major resource projects came on line in 2015. Mining remains a major economic factor, however. Local and national governments are discussing the potential of resuming mining operations at the Panguna mine in Bougainville Province, which has been closed since the civil war in the 1980s\u20131990s. Nearly 40 per cent of the population lives a self-sustainable natural lifestyle with no access to global capital.Most of the people still live in strong traditional social groups based on farming. Their social lives combine traditional religion with modern practices, including primary education. These societies and clans are explicitly acknowledged by the Papua New Guinea Constitution, which expresses the wish for \"traditional villages and communities to remain as viable units of Papua New Guinean society\" and protects their continuing importance to local and national community life. The nation is an observer state in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN since 1976, and has already filed its application for full membership status. It is a full member of the Pacific Community (SPC), the Pacific Islands Forum (formerly South Pacific Forum) and the Commonwealth of Nations.", "Q36378": "Fribourg (French pronunciation: \u200b[f\u0281ibu\u0281]; Arpitan: Frib\u00f4rg or Friboua [f\u0281i\u02c8bwa] (listen)) or Freiburg (also called Freiburg im \u00dcechtland [\u02c8fra\u026ab\u028ar\u0261 \u026am \u02c8y\u02d0\u025b\u00e7tland] or [\u02c8y\u0259xtland] for disambiguation from Freiburg im Breisgau; Swiss German: Fryb\u00f9rg [\u02c8frib\u0325\u028ar\u0261\u030a]; Italian: Friburgo or Friborgo; Romansh: Friburg) is the capital of the Swiss canton of Fribourg and the district La Sarine. It is located on both sides of the river Saane/Sarine, on the Swiss Plateau, and is a major economic, administrative and educational center on the cultural border between German and French Switzerland (Romandy). Its Old City, one of the best-maintained in Switzerland, sits on a small rocky hill above the valley of the Sarine.", "Q932942": "The New Jewish Cemetery (Czech: Nov\u00fd \u017eidovsk\u00fd h\u0159bitov) in \u017di\u017ekov, Prague, Czech Republic, was established in 1891 to relieve the space problem at the Old Jewish Cemetery, Prague. It is about 10 times bigger than the Old Jewish Cemetery and provides space for approximately 100,000 graves, therefore having the capacity to serve for a whole century. There is also a specially designated area for urns, though the Jewish tradition does not allow cremation. The cemetery is still in use today and operated by the Jewish Community in Prague.\nThe cemetery is noted for its many art nouveau monuments, among them, two monuments for members of the Perutz family by Jan Kot\u011bra, the monument to artist Max Horb by Jan \u0160tursa in the form of a mourning peacock, and many remarkable works of the decorative and sculptural arts in florid art nouveau style by less well-known artists.\nOne of the more elaborate tombs belongs to the Waldes family; the tomb is decorated with two busts, the last pieces of art made by the important Czech sculptor Josef V\u00e1clav Myslbek, creator of the Wenceslas Square famous statue of St. Wenceslas.", "Q78771": "Baron Heinrich Karl von Haymerle (7 December 1828 \u2013 10 October 1881) was an Austrian statesman born and educated in Vienna. He took part in the students' uprising in the revolution of 1848 and narrowly escaped execution. He served in the diplomatic corps at Athens, Dresden, and Frankfurt as Secretary of Legation; and served as ambassador in Copenhagen (1864), took part in negotiating the Treaty of Prague (1866), and from Berlin went to Constantinople (1868), Athens (1869), The Hague (1872), and in 1877 to the Italian court. He represented Austria-Hungary at the Congress of Berlin in 1878 and served as foreign minister from 1879 to 1881. In this post he was especially active in effecting friendly relations with Italy and cementing the alliance with Germany.", "Q57792": "Mark Rutte (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8m\u0251rk \u02c8r\u028ft\u0259] (listen); born 14 February 1967) is a Dutch politician serving as Prime Minister of the Netherlands since 2010 and Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) since 2006. \nAfter a career in business, Rutte was appointed State Secretary for Social Affairs and Employment in 2002 by Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), after a coalition agreement guaranteed the VVD several seats in the cabinet. Rutte was subsequently elected to the House of Representatives at the 2003 election. In 2004, he became State Secretary for Education, Culture and Science. After the 2006 Dutch municipal elections, which saw heavy losses for the VVD, the party's leader, Jozias van Aartsen, announced his resignation. Rutte stood the subsequent leadership election, and was elected on 31 May, resigning from the cabinet shortly afterwards. Rutte led his party into the 2006 election weeks later; although the VVD lost six seats, they became the largest party not in government.\nAt the 2010 general election, the VVD won the highest number of votes cast, resulting in them becoming the largest party in the House of Representatives for the first time in the party's history. After lengthy coalition negotiations, Rutte was sworn in as Prime Minister of the Netherlands leading the First Rutte cabinet. When Rutte was sworn in on 14 October 2010, he became the first liberal prime minister in 92 years, and the second-youngest in Dutch history.An impasse on talks on the budget led to his government's early collapse in April 2012, but the subsequent general election saw the VVD won its highest number of seats ever, leading to a coalition between the VVD and the Labour Party. The government became the first to see out its full term since 1998, and while at the 2017 general election the VVD lost seats, it remained the largest party. After a record-long formation period, Rutte agreed a new coalition between the VVD, CDA, D66 and CU parties, and was sworn in for a third term as Prime Minister on 26 October 2017.\n\n", "Q841006": "Giles Milton (born 15 January 1966) is a British writer who specialises in narrative history. His books have been published in over twenty languages worldwide. He has written nine works of non-fiction, a thriller, two comic novels and three books for young children. He is best known for his 1999 best-selling title, Nathaniel's Nutmeg, a historical account of the violent struggle between the English and Dutch for control of the world supply of nutmeg in the early 17th century.", "Q237030": "Jeanette Anna MacDonald (June 18, 1903 \u2013 January 14, 1965) was an American singer and actress best remembered for her musical films of the 1930s with Maurice Chevalier (The Love Parade, Love Me Tonight, The Merry Widow and One Hour With You) and Nelson Eddy (Naughty Marietta, Rose-Marie, and Maytime). During the 1930s and 1940s she starred in 29 feature films, four nominated for Best Picture Oscars (The Love Parade, One Hour with You, Naughty Marietta and San Francisco), and recorded extensively, earning three gold records. She later appeared in opera, concerts, radio, and television. MacDonald was one of the most influential sopranos of the 20th century, introducing opera to film-going audiences and inspiring a generation of singers.", "Q61220": "Frank Sch\u00e4tzing (listen ; born May 28, 1957), is a German writer, mostly known for his best-selling science fiction novel The Swarm (2004).", "Q113880": "Wolfgang Reichmann (7 January 1932 \u2013 7 May 1991) was a German actor. He appeared in 69 films and television shows between 1954 and 1991. He starred in the film The Fair, which was entered into the 10th Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q188478": "Br\u0103ila (, also US: , Romanian: [br\u0259\u02c8ila] (listen); Greek: \u0392\u03c1\u03ac\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1, romanized: Vr\u00e1ila; Turkish: \u0130brail) is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and the capital of Br\u0103ila County. The Sud-Est Regional Development Agency is located in Br\u0103ila.\nAccording to the 2011 Romanian census there were 180,302 people living within the city of Br\u0103ila, making it the 11th most populous city in Romania.\n\n", "Q37066": "Bismarck () is the capital of the U.S. state of North Dakota and the county seat of Burleigh County. It is the second-most populous city in North Dakota after Fargo. The city's population was estimated in 2018 at 73,112, while its metropolitan population was 132,678. In 2017, Forbes magazine ranked Bismarck as the seventh fastest-growing small city in the United States.Bismarck was founded by European Americans in 1872 on the east bank of the Missouri River. It has been North Dakota's capital city since 1889, when the state was created from the Dakota Territory and admitted to the Union.\nBismarck is across the river from Mandan, named after a historic Native American tribe of the area. The two cities make up the core of the Bismarck-Mandan Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nThe North Dakota State Capitol, the tallest building in the state, is in central Bismarck. The state government employs more than 4,600 in the city. As a hub of retail and health care, Bismarck is the economic center of south-central North Dakota and north-central South Dakota.", "Q830827": "J\u00e1nos Mattis-Teutsch or M\u00e1ttis-Teutsch, M\u00e1tis-Teutsch (IPA: [\u02c8ja\u02d0no\u0283 \u02c8m\u0252t\u02d0i\u0283 \u02c8t\u02b0\u0254\u028f\u032ft\u0361\u0283]; the most common Hungarian-language versions of his name, all of which have also been spelled without the hyphen; his first name has been rendered as Hans or Johannes in German and Ioan in Romanian; 13 August, 1884\u201317 March, 1960) was a Hungarian painter, sculptor, graphic artist, art critic, and poet. Best known for his Seelenblumen (\"Soulflowers\") cycle of paintings, he was an important contributor to the development of modern art and avant-garde trends inside Romania (where he spent the larger part of his life). He was the grandfather of the artist Waldemar Mattis-Teutsch.\n\n", "Q983421": "Earl Derr Biggers (August 26, 1884 \u2013 April 5, 1933) was an American novelist and playwright.He is remembered primarily for his novels, especially those featuring the fictional Chinese American detective Charlie Chan, from which popular films were made in the United States and China.", "Q45396": "Roza Kuanyshkyzy Rymbayeva (Kazakh: Roza Q\u00fdanyshqyzy Rymbaeva/\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u049a\u0443\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0448\u049b\u044b\u0437\u044b \u0420\u044b\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430, born 1957) is a Soviet and Kazakh singer, the people's artist of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1986).\n\n", "Q119413": "Tatjana Katharina Alexander (born 1969, Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian-born German-Austrian actress. Her family relocated to Austria, where Alexander graduated from the Academy of Business and Economics in 1989. \nAfter working as production assistant and directors assistant in the theatre in her home town she moved to Los Angeles to study acting at Milton Katsellas' BeverlyHillsPlayhouse. She moved to Sydney to study more at the National Institute of Dramatic Arts (NIDA).While she stayed with her family in Europe she gave her European debut appearing on episodes of the Austrian television series Stockinger and Inspector Rex in 1996.In 1998, Alexander moved to Berlin and appeared for the first time in a lead role in Stephan Wagners' debut film, Smoking Cuban Style. 1999 she worked with Lois Weinberger and Markus Heltschl on As Ever - Am Rande Der Arena - a documentary feature film full of allusions and cross-references to Weinberger's work as an artist. The film premiered at the Museum of the 20th Century in Vienna and was invited at many Filmfestivals, among them the International Filmfestival Rotterdam and the Berlin International Filmfestival. In 1999, she worked with Russian director Andrej Nekrassov on his film Ljubov I Drugi Koshmari - Love And Other Nightmares.In 2000 she began her long collaboration with Filippos Tsitos in his debut film, My Sweet Home, part of the official selection of the Berlin International FilmfestivaI in 2001.During the following years Alexander worked on three television crime movies in Germany - Tatort Wolf Im Schafpelz, Sechs Zum Essen und Unsterblich Sch\u00f6n - all directed by Tsitos.\nIn 2004 she became part of the regular cast on the German version of The Office called Stromberg, in which she portrayed Stromberg's manager, Tatjana Berkel. The TV series was nominated for Best German Comedy and received the award in 2005.In the television drama Breaking Ice, by Falk Schweikhardt shot in 2005 on locations near the Czech border, Alexander portrayed a mother, whose two children break into a lake in winter, fighting for her children's lives while becoming more and more estranged from her husband played by German actor Andreas Patton. Breaking Ice won the Grand Award for best TV-Drama at the NewYork Festival 2007.In 2008 she worked with Andrea Loux (CH) on H\u00f4mage to Ingmar Bergman, a two-canal-video installation, shown at the ArtMuseum Bern, Switzerland. In 2011 she played the lead character in Anja Salomonowitz first feature film Spanien, Magdalena a mysterious woman caught up in a story between her ex-husband who is stalking her and Sava, played by French actor Gr\u00e9goire Colin, a foreigner whom she falls in love with.", "Q65046": "Diegten is a municipality in the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q1624914": "Michael Leonard Mann (March 17, 1954 \u2013 December 8, 1986), known as Hollywood Fats, was an American blues guitarist, active in Los Angeles, California.", "Q243969": "Gordon Earle Moore (born January 3, 1929) is an American businessman, engineer, and the co-founder and chairman emeritus of Intel Corporation. He is also the author of Moore's law. As of October 2019, Moore's net worth is reported to be $11.9 billion.\n\n", "Q265010": "Jennifer Gareis (born August 1, 1970) is an American actress and former beauty queen. She is best known for her roles as Grace Turner on The Young and the Restless (1997\u20132004, 2014) and as Donna Logan on The Bold and the Beautiful (2006\u2013).", "Q316954": "Stalingrad: Dogs, Do You Want to Live Forever? (German: Hunde, wollt ihr ewig leben) is a 1959 West-German film, directed by Frank Wisbar and based on the eponymous novel by Fritz W\u00f6ss. The movie revolves around the Battle of Stalingrad. The title is drawn from Friedrich the Great's words when he saw his soldiers fleeing at Kolin: \"You cursed rascals, do you want to live forever?\"", "Q328662": "Connie Curtis Crayton (December 18, 1914 \u2013 June 25, 1985), known as Pee Wee Crayton, was an American R&B and blues guitarist and singer.\nOn May 8, 2019, Crayton was posthumously inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame by long-time friend Doug MacLeod in a ceremony held in Memphis, Tennessee by the Blues Foundation.", "Q383581": "West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east, and is the direction in which the sun sets.", "Q1474157": "The University of New Orleans (UNO) is public research university in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is a member of the University of Louisiana System and the Urban 13 association. It is part of the University of Louisiana System.", "Q611566": "Mar\u00eda Mercedes Mil\u00e1 Mencos (born 4 April 1951) is a Spanish television presenter and journalist, most notable for her work on Spain's Telecinco's Gran Hermano, the Spanish version of the reality television series Big Brother.", "Q214831": "David James Archuleta (born December 28, 1990) is an American singer-songwriter and actor. At ten years old, he won the children's division of the Utah Talent Competition leading to other television singing appearances. When he was twelve years old, Archuleta became the Junior Vocal Champion on \"Star Search 2\". In 2008, he finished second on the seventh season of \"American Idol\".In August 2008, Archuleta released \"Crush,\" the first single from his self-titled debut album. The album, released three months later, debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 chart; it has sold over 750,000 copies in the United States and over 900,000 worldwide.In October 2010, he released a third album, The Other Side of Down, featuring lead single \"Something 'Bout Love\". On March 28, 2012, Archuleta left on a two-year hiatus to be a missionary of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Chile, but stated that he would continue his music career afterwards. As of February 2012, Archuleta had sold 1,108,000 albums and 3,327,000 tracks in the United States.In March 2012, Archuleta released his fourth album, \"Forevermore\", exclusively in the Philippines. This was his first Original Pilipino Music album, composed of several covers of Filipino songs. The album was certified gold in the Philippines (10,000 units) as of June 2012.Archuleta's fifth album, Begin, was released on August 7, 2012, in the United States. A compilation album titled No Matter How Far was released on March 26, 2013. His sixth studio album, Postcards in the Sky, was released on October 20, 2017 and his second holiday album, Winter in the Air, was released in 2018.", "Q368246": "Jos\u00e9 Roberto Ramiz Wright, also known as Jos\u00e9 Roberto Wright or Jos\u00e9 Ramiz Wright (born September 7, 1944 in Rio de Janeiro), is a former Brazilian football referee. He supervised four matches during the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy.", "Q100142": "Fritz K\u00f6ster (2 February 1855 \u2013 1934) was a German anarchist editor and trade unionist.\nBorn in Rodenberg, Hesse (now in Lower Saxony), K\u00f6ster was active in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) starting in the early 1880s. He moved to Gro\u00df Ottersleben, near Magdeburg, where he participated in the socialist movement, which was illegal at the time because of the Anti-Socialist Laws, and was a leader in the trade union of the town. For these activities he was sentenced to prison multiple times, most notably in 1886 for three months for libel, and in 1887 for eighteen months for the dissemination of illegal literature. After the sunset of the Anti-Socialist Laws in 1890, he was part of the left-wing opposition known as Die Jungen in the SPD, as the delegate of Wanzleben at the party convention. In the same year, he became editor of the Magdeburger Volkstimme. His articles for this newspaper led to several convictions, which he avoided by fleeing to Switzerland. In Zurich, he joined the Association of Independent Socialists founded by members of Die Jungen, who were expelled from the SPD. He was active in various unions and in the Swiss anarchist movement throughout the 1890s. Police reports call him the \"leader of the Zurich anarchists\". He returned to Gro\u00df Ottersleben in January 1910, after he could no longer be punished for his crimes because of the statute of limitations. Pressured by friends of his, K\u00f6ster re-joined the SPD and Gustav Landauer and he tried to convince rural workers to join the anarchist movement. Soon, he led a farm workers' strike. In June 1910, he was going to be expelled from the SPD along with several other anarchists, but he left the party first. In 1911, he moved to Berlin, where he started working for the weekly newspaper Die Trib\u00fcne. In the same year he became the chief editor of Der Pionier, the theoretical organ of the syndicalist Free Association of German Trade Unions (FVdG), but in 1912, after having spent three months in various prisons, he quit this role and moved to Dresden. He then became a leader in the syndicalist construction workers' union in Dresden and travelled Germany as a lecturer. In 1920, he became a member of the Business Commission of the FVdG-follow-up organization, the Free Workers' Union of Germany (FAUD). He also contributed to Der Syndikalist, the organ of the FAUD, and Die Sch\u00f6pfung.\nK\u00f6ster's wife Aim\u00e9e contributed to the syndicalist women's magazine Die schaffende Frau and was a member of the Syndicalist Women's Federation (SFB).", "Q1691611": "Joe Strummer: The Future Is Unwritten is a 2007 documentary film directed by Julien Temple about Joe Strummer, the lead singer of the British punk rock band The Clash, that went on to win the British Independent Film Awards as Best British Documentary 2007. The film premiered 20 January 2007 at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival. It was also shown at the Dublin Film Festival on 24 February 2007.It was released in the United Kingdom on 18 May 2007 and in Australia on 31 August 2007. The film opened in limited release in the United States on 2 November 2007.", "Q1708232": "\"Medalist/medallist\" is also used in sports and other areas for the winner of a medal, see Lists of awards, List of sport awards, Lists of Olympic medalists.\n\nA medalist (or medallist) is an artist who designs medals, plaquettes, badges, coins and similar small works in relief in metal. \nHistorically medalists were typically also involved in producing their designs, and were usually either sculptors or goldsmiths by background. In modern times medalists are mostly primarily sculptors of larger works, but in the past the number of medals and coins produced were sufficient to allow specialists who spent most of their career producing them. From the 19th century the education of a medalist often began with as an engraver, or a formal education in an academy, particularly modeling and portraiture. On coins a mark or symbol signifying the medalist as the original designer was often included in a hidden location on the coin and is not to be mistaken for the symbol of the mint master. Artistic medals and plaquettes are often signed prominently by the artist.\nArtistic medals have been produced since the late Renaissance period, and, after some classical precedents and Late Medieval revivals, the form was essentially invented by Pisanello, who is credited with the first portrait medal, which has remained a very popular type. He cast them like bronze sculptures, rather than minting them like coins.\nMedalists are also often confusingly referred to as \"engravers\" in reference works, referring to the \"engraving\" of dies, although this is often in fact not the technique used; however many also worked in engraving, the technique in printmaking.", "Q73142": "Dato' Dr. Hasan bin Mohamed Ali (variant spellings include Hassan Mohd Ali, born 28 November 1947) is a Malaysian politician and formerly the State Assemblyman for Gombak Setia in Selangor. He was a member of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) and the Selangor State EXCO until his dismissal in January 2012.\n\n", "Q53292": "Karl Albert Staaff (21 January 1860 \u2013 4 October 1915) was a Swedish liberal politician and lawyer. He was chairman of the Liberal Coalition Party (1907\u20131915) and served twice as Prime Minister of Sweden (1905\u20131906 and 1911\u20131914).Staaff was active in the Swedish movement for universal suffrage, and as the Liberal party's Prime Minister he presided in 1905 over an attempt to introduce universal and equal suffrage for men. His successor as party leader, Nils Ed\u00e9n, eventually managed to carry this further into universal suffrage in 1918\u201319, including for women. Due to conservative intervention, Staaff's proposal for first past the post was ultimately scrapped for a proportional system. In 1912, the period of leave that women were allowed following a child\u2019s birth was extended to 6 weeks, and in 1913 a tax-financed pension scheme was introduced.Staaff ran into sharp conflict with the conservative Swedish establishment, and became a hated figure in the Conservative, pro-Monarchic and anti-Democratic establishment. An intense smear campaign was launched against him, picturing him as the destroyer of Swedish tradition and society: wealthy Stockholmers could even buy ash-trays shaped as his head. His staunch anti-military politics created the greatest fundraising in the Swedish history until that time, the 12 M kronor coastal battleship HSwMS Sverige where the funds where raised in a few months in 1912. Staaff had to bite the lemon, and the ship was ordered.\nIn 1914 Staaff stepped down from government in protest, after Conservatives had summoned a farmers' demonstration at the Royal castle's court in Stockholm, where King Gustaf V \u2013 who according to the law was supposed to stay out of politics \u2013 denounced Staaff's defence policies.\nThe contemporary Swedish Liberal party The Liberals counts him as the first among the more prominent leaders of Swedish 20th century liberalism, followed by such parliamentarians as Nils Ed\u00e9n, Carl Ekman, Nobel Prize laureate Bertil Ohlin, Gunnar Hel\u00e9n, Per Ahlmark and Bengt Westerberg.\n\n", "Q845506": "Electrecord is a Romanian record label that was founded in 1932. It was the only record label in Communist Romania. It was then transformed into the national recording company following the socialist doctrine of centralization.", "Q182155": "Shingles, also known as zoster or herpes zoster, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area. Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide stripe either on the left or right side of the body or face. Two to four days before the rash occurs there may be tingling or local pain in the area. Otherwise there are typically few symptoms though some may have fever or headache, or feel tired. The rash usually heals within two to four weeks; however, some people develop ongoing nerve pain which can last for months or years, a condition called postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). In those with poor immune function the rash may occur widely. If the rash involves the eye, vision loss may occur.Shingles is due to a reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in a person's body. The disease chickenpox is caused by the initial infection with VZV. Once chickenpox has resolved, the virus may remain inactive in nerve cells. When it reactivates, it travels from the nerve body to the endings in the skin, producing blisters. Risk factors for reactivation include old age, poor immune function, and having had chickenpox before 18 months of age. How the virus remains in the body or subsequently re-activates is not well understood. Exposure to the virus in the blisters can cause chickenpox in someone who has not had it, but will not trigger shingles. Diagnosis is typically based on a person's signs and symptoms. Varicella zoster virus is not the same as herpes simplex virus; however, they belong to the same family of viruses.The shingles vaccine reduces the risk of shingles by 50% to 90%, depending on the vaccine used. It also decreases rates of postherpetic neuralgia, and if shingles occurs, its severity. If shingles develops, antiviral medications such as aciclovir can reduce the severity and duration of disease if started within 72 hours of the appearance of the rash. Evidence does not show a significant effect of antivirals or steroids on rates of postherpetic neuralgia. Paracetamol, NSAIDs, or opioids may be used to help with the acute pain.It is estimated that about a third of people develop shingles at some point in their life. While more common among older people, children may also get the disease. The number of new cases per year ranges from 1.2 to 3.4 per 1,000 person-years among healthy individuals to 3.9 to 11.8 per 1,000 person-years among those older than 65 years of age. About half of those living to age 85 will have at least one attack, and less than 5% will have more than one attack. The disease has been recognized since ancient times.", "Q7096": "Ballwil is a municipality in the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q235141": "Regina Lee Hall (born December 12, 1970) is an American actress, and comedian. She has appeared in numerous television series, most prominently in a regular role on the comedy series Ally McBeal (2001\u20132002) and Black Monday (2019-present). Hall became known for starring as Brenda in the Scary Movie film series (2000-2005), and her other significant film roles include The Best Man (1999) and its sequel The Best Man Holiday (2013), Malibu's Most Wanted (2003), Think Like a Man (2012) and its sequel Think Like a Man Too (2014), About Last Night (2014), Vacation (2015), Girls Trip (2017), and The Hate U Give (2018).\nShe received critical acclaim for starring as Lisa Conroy in the comedy film Support the Girls (2018), becoming the first African American to win the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress, and received nominations for the Gotham Award and Independent Spirit Award for Best Actress.", "Q32678": "William Chase Taubman (born November 13, 1941 in New York City) is an American political scientist. His biography of Nikita Khrushchev won the Pulitzer Prize for biography in 2004 and the National Book Critics Circle Award for Biography in 2003.\nHe is a graduate of the Bronx High School of Science and received a B.A. from Harvard University in 1962, an M.A. from Columbia University in 1965, a Certificate of the Russian Institute in 1965, and a Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1969.\nHe is currently Bertrand Snell Professor of Political Science at Amherst College.\nTaubman was the recipient of a 2006 Guggenheim fellowship.", "Q106255": "Jean-Paul Belmondo (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303p\u0254l b\u025blm\u0254\u0303do]; born 9 April 1933) is a French actor initially associated with the New Wave of the 1960s and one of the biggest French film stars of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. His best known credits include Breathless (1960) and That Man from Rio (1964).", "Q805122": "Ball State University (Ball State or BSU) is a public research university in Muncie, Indiana. It has two satellite facilities in Fishers and Indianapolis. On July 25, 1917, the Ball brothers, industrialists and founders of the Ball Corporation, acquired the foreclosed Indiana Normal Institute for $35,100 and gave the school and surrounding land to the State of Indiana. The Indiana General Assembly accepted the donation in the spring of 1918, with an initial 235 students enrolling at the Indiana State Normal School \u2013 Eastern Division on June 17, 1918.\nBall State is classified among \"R2: Doctoral Universities \u2013 High research activity\". The university is composed of eight academic colleges. As of 2017, total enrollment was 22,513 students, including 17,004 undergraduates and 5,509 postgraduates. The university offers about 190 undergraduate majors and 130 minor areas of study and more than 140 master's, doctoral, certificate, and specialist degrees.There are more than 400 student organizations and clubs on campus, including 34 fraternities and sororities. Ball State athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Ball State Cardinals. The university is a member of the Mid-American Conference and the Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association.", "Q33566": "Sima Guang (17 November 1019 \u2013 11 October 1086), courtesy name Junshi, was a Chinese historian, writer, and politician. He was a high-ranking Song dynasty scholar-official and historian who authored the monumental history book Zizhi Tongjian. Sima was a political conservative who opposed Wang Anshi's reforms.", "Q184524": "Lexicography is divided into two separate but equally important groups:\n\nPractical lexicography is the art or craft of compiling, writing and editing dictionaries.\nTheoretical lexicography is the scholarly discipline of analyzing and describing the semantic, syntagmatic, and paradigmatic relationships within the lexicon (vocabulary) of a language, developing theories of dictionary components and structures linking the data in dictionaries, the needs for information by users in specific types of situations, and how users may best access the data incorporated in printed and electronic dictionaries. This is sometimes referred to as 'metalexicography'.There is some disagreement on the definition of lexicology, as distinct from lexicography. Some use \"lexicology\" as a synonym for theoretical lexicography; others use it to mean a branch of linguistics pertaining to the inventory of words in a particular language.\nA person devoted to lexicography is called a lexicographer.\n\n", "Q337024": "John Sculley III (born April 6, 1939) is an American businessman, entrepreneur and investor in high-tech startups. Sculley was vice-president (1970\u20131977) and president of PepsiCo (1977\u20131983), until he became chief executive officer (CEO) of Apple Inc. on April 8, 1983, a position he held until leaving in 1993. In May 1987, Sculley was named Silicon Valley's top-paid executive, with an annual salary of US$10.2 million.Sales at Apple increased from $800 million to $8 billion under Sculley's management, although many attribute his success to the fact that Sculley joined the company just when Steve Jobs' visions and Steve Wozniak's creations had become highly lucrative. However, his stint at Apple remains controversial due to his departure from co-founder Steve Jobs's sales structure, particularly regarding Sculley's decision to compete with IBM in selling computers to the same types of customers. Others say that the \"two clashed over management styles and priorities, Jobs focusing on future innovation and Sculley more on current product lines and profitability\". But Sculley ultimately was forced to step down as Apple CEO because he was opposed to licensing Macintosh software and was talking to Goldman Sachs about splitting Apple into two companies. When Sculley left in May 1993, Apple had $2 billion in cash and $200 million in debt.\nSculley is recognized as an expert in marketing, in part because of his early successes at PepsiCo, notably his introduction of the Pepsi Challenge, which allowed the company to gain market share from primary rival Coca-Cola. He used similar marketing strategies throughout the 1980s and 1990s at Apple to mass-market Macintosh personal computers, and today he continues to speak and write about disruptive marketing strategies.Sculley is currently invested in and involved with a number of high-tech start-up companies, including 3CInteractive, XL Marketing (now rebranded as Zeta Interactive), Inflexion Point, Mobeam, OpenPeak, x10 Credit, Pivot Acquisition Corp., nextSource and WorldMate. He is currently Chairman of the PeopleTicker and SkillsVillage.Jeff Daniels portrayed Sculley in the film Steve Jobs, Matthew Modine portrayed him in the 2013 film Jobs, and Allan Royal portrayed him in the 1999 TNT film Pirates of Silicon Valley.", "Q844618": "Carlos Padr\u00f3s Rubi\u00f3, also known as Carles Padr\u00f3s Rubi\u00f3 (9 November 1870, in Barcelona \u2013 30 December 1950, in Madrid) was a Spanish football pioneer and club President of Real Madrid.\nHe was a founding member of Real Madrid and later served as club President between 1904 and 1908, succeeding his brother Juan Padr\u00f3s.Padr\u00f3s was also the driving force behind the Copa del Rey and refereed the first ever final.", "Q193058": "Not to be confused with Livy, the Augustan-era historian whose Latin name is Livius.\nLucius Livius Andronicus (; c. 284 \u2013 c. 205 BC) was a Greco-Roman dramatist and epic poet of the Old Latin period. He began as an educator in the service of a noble family at Rome by translating Greek works into Latin, including Homer's Odyssey. They were meant at first as educational devices in the school he founded. He wrote works for the stage\u2014both tragedies and comedies\u2014which are regarded as the first dramatic works written in the Latin language of ancient Rome. His comedies were based on Greek New Comedy and featured characters in Greek costume. Thus, the Romans referred to this new genre by the term comoedia palliata (fabula palliata). The Roman biographer Suetonius later coined the term \"half-Greek\" of Livius and Ennius (referring to their genre, not their ethnic backgrounds). The genre was imitated by the next dramatists to follow in Andronicus' footsteps and on that account he is regarded as the father of Roman drama and of Latin literature in general; that is, he was the first man of letters to write in Latin. Varro, Cicero, and Horace, all men of letters during the subsequent Classical Latin period, considered Livius Andronicus to have been the originator of Latin literature. He is the earliest Roman poet whose name is known.", "Q1982248": "Biblical Hebrew (\u05e2\u05b4\u05d1\u05b0\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05b4\u05e7\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b4\u05d9\u05ea\u200e Ivrit Miqra'it or \u05dc\u05b0\u05e9\u05c1\u05d5\u05b9\u05df \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05b4\u05bc\u05e7\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u200e Leshon ha-Miqra), also called classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of Hebrew, a language in the Canaanite branch of Semitic languages, spoken by the Israelites in the area known as Israel, roughly west of the Jordan River and east of the Mediterranean Sea. The term \"Hebrew\" was not used for the language in the Bible, which was referred to as \u05e9\u05e4\u05ea \u05db\u05e0\u05e2\u05df (sefat kena'an, i.e. language of Canaan) or \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea (Yehudit, i.e. Judaean), but the name was used in Greek and Mishnaic Hebrew texts.Hebrew is attested epigraphically from about the 10th century BCE, and spoken Hebrew persisted through and beyond the Second Temple period, which ended in the siege of Jerusalem (CE 70).\nIt eventually developed into Mishnaic Hebrew, spoken up until the fifth century CE.\nBiblical Hebrew as recorded in the Hebrew Bible reflects various stages of the Hebrew language in its consonantal skeleton, as well as a vocalic system which was added in the Middle Ages by the Masoretes. \nThere is also some evidence of regional dialectal variation, including differences between Biblical Hebrew as spoken in the northern Kingdom of Israel and in the southern Kingdom of Judah. The consonantal text was transmitted in manuscript form, and underwent redaction in the Second Temple period, but its earliest portions (parts of Amos, Isaiah, Hosea and Micah) can be dated to the late 8th to early 7th centuries BCE.\nBiblical Hebrew has been written with a number of different writing systems. Around the 12th century BCE until the 6th century BCE the Hebrews used the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet. This was retained by the Samaritans, who use the descendent Samaritan alphabet to this day. However, the Imperial Aramaic alphabet gradually displaced the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet for the Jews after their exile to Babylon, and it became the source for the modern Hebrew alphabet. All of these scripts were lacking letters to represent all of the sounds of Biblical Hebrew, though these sounds are reflected in Greek and Latin transcriptions/translations of the time. These scripts originally only indicated consonants, but certain letters, known by the Latin term matres lectionis, became increasingly used to mark vowels. In the Middle Ages, various systems of diacritics were developed to mark the vowels in Hebrew manuscripts; of these, only the Tiberian vocalization is still in wide use.\nBiblical Hebrew possessed a series of \"emphatic\" consonants whose precise articulation is disputed, likely ejective or pharyngealized. Earlier Biblical Hebrew possessed three consonants which did not have their own letters in the writing system, but over time they merged with other consonants. The stop consonants developed fricative allophones under the influence of Aramaic, and these sounds eventually became marginally phonemic. The pharyngeal and glottal consonants underwent weakening in some regional dialects, as reflected in the modern Samaritan Hebrew reading tradition. The vowel system of Biblical Hebrew changed over time and is reflected differently in the ancient Greek and Latin transcriptions, medieval vocalization systems, and modern reading traditions.\nBiblical Hebrew had a typical Semitic morphology with nonconcatenative morphology, arranging Semitic roots into patterns to form words. Biblical Hebrew distinguished two genders (masculine, feminine), three numbers (singular, plural, and uncommonly, dual). Verbs were marked for voice and mood, and had two conjugations which may have indicated aspect and/or tense (a matter of debate). The tense or aspect of verbs was also influenced by the conjugation \u05d5\u200e, in the so-called waw-consecutive construction. Default word order was verb\u2013subject\u2013object, and verbs inflected for the number, gender, and person of their subject. Pronominal suffixes could be appended to verbs (to indicate object) or nouns (to indicate possession), and nouns had special construct states for use in possessive constructions.", "Q228676": "Noomi Rapace (Swedish: [\u02c8n\u01d2\u02d0m\u026a ra\u02c8pas\u02d0] (listen); n\u00e9e Nor\u00e9n; born 28 December 1979) is a Swedish actress. She achieved international fame with her portrayal of Lisbeth Salander in the Swedish film adaptations of the Millennium series: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Girl Who Played with Fire, and The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest. In 2011, she was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, and for an International Emmy Award for Best Actress for the miniseries version of the trilogy. She has also starred as Anna in Daisy Diamond (2007), Leena in Beyond (2010), Anna in The Monitor (2011), Madame Simza Heron in Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (2011), Dr. Elizabeth Shaw in Prometheus (2012), Beatrice in Dead Man Down (2013), Raisa Demidova in Child 44 (2015), and the seven lead roles in What Happened to Monday (2017).", "Q432475": "The University of Canterbury (M\u0101ori: Te Whare W\u0101nanga o Waitaha; postnominal abbreviation Cantuar. or Cant. for Cantuariensis, the Latin name for Canterbury) is New Zealand's second oldest university (after the University of Otago, itself founded four years earlier in 1869).\nIt was founded in 1873 as Canterbury College, the first constituent college of the University of New Zealand. Its original campus was in the Christchurch Central City, but in 1961 it became an independent university and began moving out of its original neo-gothic buildings, which were re-purposed as the Christchurch Arts Centre. The move was completed on 1 May 1975 and the university now operates its main campus in the Christchurch suburb of Ilam and offers degrees in Arts, Commerce, Education (physical education), Engineering, Fine Arts, Forestry, Health Sciences, Law, Music, Social Work, Speech and Language Pathology, Science, Sports Coaching and Teaching.\n\n", "Q547798": "Robert Allan Monroe, also known as Bob Monroe (October 30, 1915 \u2013 March 17, 1995), was a radio broadcasting executive who became known for his research into altered consciousness and founding The Monroe Institute. His 1971 book Journeys Out of the Body is credited with popularizing the term \"out-of-body experience\".\nMonroe achieved worldwide recognition as an explorer of human consciousness and out-of-body experiences. His research, beginning in the 1950s, produced evidence that specific sound patterns have identifiable, beneficial effects on our capabilities. For example, certain combinations of frequencies appeared to enhance alertness; others to induce sleep; and still others to evoke expanded states of consciousness.Assisted by specialists in psychology, medicine, biochemistry, psychiatry, electrical engineering, physics, and education, Monroe developed Hemi-Sync, a patented audio technology that is claimed to facilitate enhanced performance.He is also notable as one of the founders of the Jefferson Cable Corporation, the first cable company to cover central Virginia.", "Q1937395": "The Minnesota Democratic\u2013Farmer\u2013Labor Party (DFL) is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is affiliated with the U.S. Democratic Party. Formed by a merger of the Minnesota Democratic Party and the left-wing Minnesota Farmer\u2013Labor Party in 1944, the DFL is one of only two state Democratic party affiliates of a different name (the other being the North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party).", "Q93908": "Jeannie Ebner (1918\u20132004) was an Austrian writer.\n\n", "Q27513": "Jack the Giant Slayer (previously titled Jack the Giant Killer) is a 2013 American fantasy adventure film directed and co-produced by Bryan Singer and written by Darren Lemke, Christopher McQuarrie and Dan Studney, from a story by Lemke and David Dobkin. The film, based on the British fairy tales \"Jack the Giant Killer\" and \"Jack and the Beanstalk\", stars Nicholas Hoult, Eleanor Tomlinson, Stanley Tucci, Ian McShane, Bill Nighy, and Ewan McGregor. The film tells the story of Jack, a young farmhand who must rescue a princess from a race of giants after inadvertently opening a gateway to their land in the sky.\nDevelopment of Jack the Giant Slayer began in 2005, when Lemke first pitched the idea. D. J. Caruso was hired to direct the film in January 2009, but in September of that year, Caruso was replaced by Singer, who hired McQuarrie and Studney to rework the script. The main characters were cast between February and March 2011, and principal photography began in April 2011 in England with locations in Somerset, Gloucestershire and Norfolk. Release of the film was moved back in post-production to allow more time for special effects and marketing.\nJack the Giant Slayer premiered on February 26, 2013, in Hollywood. It was released theatrically in the United States on March 1, 2013, receiving mixed reviews from critics and was a box office flop.\n\n", "Q645889": "Reprise Records is an American record label founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Records, one of its flagship labels.Artists currently signed to Reprise Records include Enya, Michael Bubl\u00e9, Eric Clapton, Green Day, Stevie Nicks, Neil Young, Deftones, Mastodon, Josh Groban, Disturbed, Idina Menzel, Gerard Way, Dwight Yoakam, and Never Shout Never.", "Q352870": "Joseph John Rosenthal (October 9, 1911 \u2013 August 20, 2006) was an American photographer who received the Pulitzer Prize for his iconic World War II photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, taken during the Battle of Iwo Jima. His picture became one of the best-known photographs of the war.", "Q1888771": "Manchester Metropolitan University (often abbreviated MMU) is a public university located in Manchester, England. The university traces its origins to the Manchester Mechanics Institute and the Manchester School of Design, which formed Manchester Polytechnic in 1970. Manchester Polytechnic then gained university status under the government's Further and Higher Education Act, becoming the Manchester Metropolitan University in 1992. Today, it is headquartered in the city of Manchester. \nManchester Metropolitan University is an accredited member of the Association of MBAs, and member of the University Alliance, the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the North West Universities Association, Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business and the European University Association.\nToday, it is also home to the Manchester School of Art, the Manchester School of Theatre, as well as the Manchester School of Architecture (MSA) administered in collaboration with the University of Manchester.\nThe University's logo is derived from the upper part of the shield of the university crest, with six spade-irons positioned together, suggesting hard toil and entrenchment.", "Q67137": "Elgg is a municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018 the former municipality of Hofstetten merged into the municipality of Elgg.", "Q454928": "Mary Maxwell Gates (n\u00e9e Maxwell; July 5, 1929 \u2013 June 10, 1994) was an American businesswoman who also served for 18 years, 1975\u20131993, on the University of Washington board of regents.She was the first female president of King County's United Way, the first woman to chair the national United Way\u2019s executive committee where she served most notably with IBM's CEO, John Opel, and the first woman on the First Interstate Bank of Washington's board of directors. Her son Bill Gates is a co-founder of Microsoft.", "Q68204": "Gertrud K\u00e4the Chodziesner (10 December 1894 \u2013 March 1943), known by the literary pseudonym Gertrud Kolmar, was a German lyric poet and writer. She was born in Berlin and died, after her arrest and deportation as a Jew, in Auschwitz, a victim of the Nazi Final Solution. Though she was a cousin of Walter Benjamin, little is known of her life. She is considered one of the finest poets in the German language.", "Q146659": "Clapham () is a district of south London lying mostly within the London Borough of Lambeth, but with some areas (most notably Clapham Common) extending into the neighbouring London Borough of Wandsworth.", "Q117370": "Vico Torriani (September 21, 1920 in Geneva as Ludovico Oxens Torriani \u2013 February 25, 1998 in Agno, Ticino) was a Swiss actor and Schlager singer.", "Q377428": "The Desperate Hours is a 1955 film noir starring Humphrey Bogart and Fredric March. It was produced and directed by William Wyler and based on a novel and a play of the same name, written by Joseph Hayes, which were loosely built on actual events. \nThe original Broadway production had actor Paul Newman in the Bogart role but he was passed over for the movie because Bogart was a much bigger star. The character was made older in the script so Bogart could play the part. Bogart said he viewed the story as \"Duke Mantee grown up,\" Mantee having been Bogart's breakthrough movie role in The Petrified Forest. Spencer Tracy was originally cast in the film with Bogart. Although the two actors were very good friends, both insisted on top billing, and Tracy eventually withdrew from the picture. Fredric March assumed Tracy's role as Daniel Hilliard . The role of Glenn Griffin was Bogart's last as a villain.\nThe Desperate Hours was the first black-and-white film in VistaVision, Paramount's wide-screen process. The house used in the final seasons of the television series Leave It to Beaver was used for exterior shots of the Hilliards' home. In 1956, Joseph Hayes won an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Motion Picture Screenplay.", "Q611228": "Frank Piasecki ( pee-\u0259-SEK-ee; Polish: [pja\u02c8s\u025btski]; October 24, 1919 \u2013 February 11, 2008) was an American engineer and helicopter aviation pioneer. Piasecki pioneered tandem rotor helicopter designs and created the compound helicopter concept of vectored thrust using a ducted propeller.\n\n", "Q722190": "Samuli Pohjamo (born 4 April 1950) is a Finnish Centre Party politician and journalist, born in Oulu. He has served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1999 to 2004, and again from 19 April 2007.\nIn the spring of 1999, the Finnish MEP Sirkka-Liisa Anttila opted to resign three months before her term was up to accept a position in the Parliament of Finland. Pohjamo, having been second runner-up in the previous election (Olli Rehn, the first Centre Party runner-up, declined), became a member for the brief period until the next election, the following summer.\nIn the 1999 European Parliament elections, Pohjamo was re-elected with a 25,000 votes, most of them coming from his home region in Oulu. During his five-year term he served as a member of the Committee on Regional Development.\nIn the 2004 election, Pohjamo increased his tally of votes to 27,490, but his lack of nationwide support (only 3,000 of those votes came from outside the Oulu electoral district) caused him to fall short of the mark, becoming his party's first runner-up. When fellow Centre Party representative Paavo V\u00e4yrynen resigned his membership in the European Parliament to move into the position of Finland's Minister for Foreign Trade and Development, Pohjamo was once again raised from the position of runner-up into a parliament member.\nSamuli Pohjamo has been an editor-in-chief in Suomenmaa.", "Q385866": "Journey to Italy, also known as Voyage to Italy, is a 1954 drama film directed by Roberto Rossellini. Ingrid Bergman and George Sanders play Katherine and Alex Joyce, an English married couple whose trip to Italy unexpectedly undermines their marriage. The film was written by Rossellini and Vitaliano Brancati, but is loosely based on the novel Duo by Colette. Although the film was an Italian production, its dialogue was in English. The first theatrical release was in Italy under the title Viaggio in Italia; the dialogue had been dubbed into Italian.\nJourney to Italy is considered by many to be Rossellini's masterpiece, as well as a seminal work of modernist cinema due to its loose storytelling. In 2012, it was listed by Sight & Sound magazine as one of the fifty greatest films ever made.", "Q272222": "Bajla W\u0119gier (October 23, 1928 \u2013 September 11, 1971), better known as Bella Darvi, was a Polish film actress and stage performer who was active in France and the United States.", "Q950137": "Hanna Mina (Arabic: \u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629\u200e) (9 March 1924 \u2013 21 August 2018) was a Syrian novelist, described in Literature from the \"Axis of Evil\" as the country's \"most prominent\".His early novels belong to the movement of social realism, and focus on class conflict; his later works contain \"a more symbolic analysis of class differences\". His writing on the suffering of ordinary people was partly inspired by his own experiences, alternately working as a stevedore, barber and journalist; his autobiographical short story, \"On the Sacks\", was published in 1976.Several of his works are set during the period of the French Mandate of Syria, or in the period immediately following independence.Mina has authored about 40 novels, varying in imaginary value and narrative significance. But his achievement lies in the foundation he laid for this literary structure. For his collective works and novels, Mina was awarded the Arab Writer's Prize in 2005.", "Q2112549": "Iris Apfel (n\u00e9e Barrel; born August 29, 1921) is an American businesswoman, interior designer, and fashion icon.", "Q376736": "Kim Chan (December 28, 1917 \u2013 October 5, 2008), also known as Kim S. Chan, was a Chinese-American actor and producer. He was most notable for his roles as Lo Si, a.k.a. The Ancient, in Kung Fu: The Legend Continues and Mr. Kim in The Fifth Element.", "Q9093": "B\u00fclach (Alemannic German pronunciation: [\u02c8byl\u0251\u03c7]) is a historic town and a municipality in Switzerland in the canton of Z\u00fcrich, located in the district of the same name, and belongs to the Glatt Valley (German: Glattal) to the east of the small river Glatt and about 4 km (2.5 mi) south of the High Rhine and about 6 km (3.7 mi) north of the Zurich Airport.\nThe official language of B\u00fclach is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q65708": "Cauco is a former municipality in the district of Moesa in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Arvigo, Braggio, Cauco and Selma merged to form the new municipality of Calanca.", "Q193070": "Matthew Raymond Dillon (born February 18, 1964) is an American actor and film director. He made his feature film debut in Over the Edge (1979) and established himself as a teen idol by starring in the films My Bodyguard (1980), Little Darlings (1980), Tex (1982), Rumble Fish (1983), The Outsiders (1983) and The Flamingo Kid (1984). From the late 1980s onward, Dillon achieved further success, starring in Drugstore Cowboy (1989), Singles (1992), The Saint of Fort Washington (1993), To Die For (1995), Beautiful Girls (1996), In & Out (1997), There's Something About Mary (1998), and Wild Things (1998). In a 1991 article, famed movie critic Roger Ebert referred to him as the best actor within his age group, along with Sean Penn.In the 2000s, he made his directing debut with City of Ghosts (2002) and went on to star in the films Factotum (2005), You, Me and Dupree (2006), Nothing but the Truth (2008), Sunlight Jr. (2013) and The House That Jack Built (2018). For Crash (2004), he won an Independent Spirit Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He had earlier been nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for narrating Jack Kerouac's On the Road. In 2015, he starred in the first season of the FOX television series Wayward Pines, for which he was nominated for a Saturn Award.", "Q130917": "Dr. Franz Alfred Six (12 August 1909 \u2013 9 July 1975) was a Nazi official who rose to the rank of SS-Brigadef\u00fchrer. He was appointed by Reinhard Heydrich to head department Amt VII, Written Records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA). In 1940, he was appointed to direct state police operations in an occupied Great Britain following invasion.In the post-war period, he worked as a public relations executive and a management consultant.", "Q230011": "Lee Ann Remick (December 14, 1935 \u2013 July 2, 1991) was an American actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for the 1962 film Days of Wine and Roses, and for the 1966 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her Broadway theatre performance in Wait Until Dark.\nRemick made her film debut in 1957 in A Face in the Crowd. Her other notable film roles include Anatomy of a Murder (1959), Wild River (1960), The Detective (1968), The Omen (1976), and The Europeans (1979). She won Golden Globe Awards for the 1973 TV film The Blue Knight, and for playing the title role in the 1974 miniseries Jennie: Lady Randolph Churchill. For the latter role, she also won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress. In April 1991, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q188336": "Safed (Modern Hebrew: \u05e6\u05b0\u05e4\u05b7\u05ea Tsfat, Ashkenazi Hebrew: Tzfas, Biblical Hebrew: \u1e62\u01ddp\u0304a\u1e6f; Arabic: \u0635\u0641\u062f\u200e, \u1e62afad) is a city in the Northern District of Israel. Located at an elevation of 900 metres (2,953 ft), Safed is the highest city in the Galilee and in Israel. Due to its high elevation, Safed experiences warm summers and cold, often snowy, winters.Safed has been identified with Sepph, a fortified town in the Upper Galilee mentioned in the writings of the Roman-Jewish historian Josephus. The Jerusalem Talmud mentions it as one of five elevated spots where fires were lit to announce the New Moon and festivals during the Second Temple period. In the 12th century CE Safed was a fortified city in the Crusaders' Kingdom of Jerusalem, known to them as Saphet. The Mamluk Sultan Baibars captured the city in 1266 and appointed a governor to take charge of the fortress. The city also became the administrative centre of Mamlakat Safad, a province in Mamluk Syria whose jurisdiction included the Galilee and the lands up to Jenin. Under the Ottomans, Safed functioned as the capital of the Safad Sanjak, which encompassed much of the Galilee and extended to the Mediterranean coast. Since the 16th century, Safed has been considered one of Judaism's Four Holy Cities, along with Jerusalem, Hebron and Tiberias; since that time the city has remained a centre of Kabbalah and Jewish mysticism. Rabbi Isaac Luria introduced interest in the Kabbalah to the city in the 16th century.Due to its mild climate and scenic views, Safed has become a popular holiday resort frequented by Israelis and by foreign visitors. In 2018 it had a population of 35,715.\n\n", "Q3694886": "Ahsan Iqbal Chaudhary (Urdu: \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0686\u0648\u06c1\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u200e; born 28 March 1959) is a Pakistani engineer and politician who has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since August 2018. Previously, he was a member of the National Assembly from 1993 to 1999 and from 2002 to May 2018.\nHe served as Minister for Interior and Minister for Planning, Development and Reforms in the Abbasi cabinet from 2017 to May 2018. A leader of the Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) (PMLerved as the Minister of Planning and Development of Pakistan and the Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission of Pakistan in the third Sharif's ministry and briefly held the portfolio of Minister of Minorities and Minister of Education of Pakistan in the Gillani ministry in 2008. He served as the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission of Pakistan from 1998 to 1999 during the Sharif's second ministry with the title of Minister of State.", "Q26625": "Marco Antonio Mu\u00f1iz (born September 16, 1968), known professionally as Marc Anthony, is an American singer , songwriter, actor, record executive, television producer and philanthropist. Anthony is also the top selling tropical salsa artist of all time. The two-time Grammy Award and six-time Latin Grammy Award winner has sold more than 12 million albums worldwide. Known for his Latin salsa numbers and ballads, Anthony has won numerous awards and his achievements have been honored through various recognitions. He was the recipient of the 2009 Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute (CHCI) Lifetime Achievement Award. He also received the \"2009 CHCI Chair's Lifetime Achievement Award\" on September 16, 2009. He holds the Guinness World Record for best-selling tropical/salsa artist and the most number-one albums on the Billboard Tropical Albums year-end charts.", "Q18913": "Giuseppe Fiorelli (7 June 1823 \u2013 28 January 1896) was an Italian archaeologist. His excavations at Pompeii helped preserve the city.", "Q29516": "Theo James Walcott (born 16 March 1989) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Premier League club Everton and the English national team.\nWalcott is a product of the Southampton Academy and started his career with Southampton before joining Arsenal for \u00a35 million in 2006. His speedy pace and ball crossing led his manager Ars\u00e8ne Wenger to deploy him on the wing for most of his career. Walcott has been played as a striker since the 2012\u201313 season when he was Arsenal's top scorer, and he has scored more than 100 goals for the club.On 30 May 2006, Walcott became England's youngest ever senior football player aged 17 years and 75 days. In December, he received the BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year award. On 6 September 2008, he made his first competitive start in a World Cup qualifier against Andorra, and in the following match against Croatia on 10 September he opened his senior international goals tally and became the youngest player in history to score a hat-trick for England. He represented England at the 2006 World Cup and Euro 2012 and has 47 caps, scoring eight goals.", "Q332174": "Alan Goehring (born February 21, 1962) is an American retired junk bond analyst and trader from Henderson, Nevada. At the age of 37, he became a professional poker player.\nGoehring first made his mark on the poker circuit when he finished in 3rd place in the $3,000 No Limit Hold-Em event at the 1997 World Series of Poker (WSOP). He won $61,845 in the tournament, which was won by Max Stern and also featured Kathy Liebert, Chris Ferguson, Donnacha O'Dea, and Dan Harrington.\nIn 1999, Goehring finished 2nd in the WSOP $10,000 No Limit Hold-Em Main Event to Noel Furlong. He won $768,625 for his efforts. This finish, coupled with several other 2nd-place finishes, including in Bellagio's Inaugural No Limit Hold-Em tournament, earned him a reputation as a player who \"could not win the big one.\"\nGoehring eventually overcame this status by winning the World Poker Tour (WPT) $25,000 season 1 championship, overcoming Russian newcomer Kirill Gerasimov in the eventual heads-up confrontation to take home a $1,011,886 grand prize. The final table also included Phil Ivey, Doyle Brunson and Ted Forrest.\nGoehring made two final tables in the WPT's 4th season. He finished 6th at the 2005 WPT \u20ac10,000 Grand Prix de Paris, eventually won by Roland De Wolfe. He went on to win the LA Poker Classic later in the season, winning a then-WPT record-breaking $2,391,550.\nFellow professional Howard Lederer has repeatedly spoken positively about the quality of Goehring's play on his website.\nAs of January 2015, his total live tournament winnings exceed $5,220,000. His 6 cashes at the WSOP account for $851,575 of those winnings.", "Q433743": "Myl\u00e8ne Jampano\u00ef (born 12 July 1980) is a French actress and model.", "Q861498": "The Ruined Map (\u71c3\u3048\u5c3d\u304d\u305f\u5730\u56f3 Moetsukita chizu) is a novel written by the Japanese writer K\u014db\u014d Abe in 1967.\nThe Ruined Map is the story of an unnamed detective, hired by a beautiful, alcoholic woman, to find clues related to the disappearance of her husband. In the process, the detective is given a map (a ruined one), supposedly to help him, but which turns out in the end to be more like a metaphor of the guidelines one should have in life. The impossibility of finding relevant clues to help him solve the mystery leads the main character to an existential crisis, which builds slowly from inside and finally puts him in the position of identifying himself with the man he was supposed to find.\nA film adaptation of the story, The Man Without a Map, was made by Hiroshi Teshigahara and released in 1968.", "Q219483": "Judith Viorst (n\u00e9e Stahl, February 2, 1931) is an American writer, newspaper journalist, and psychoanalysis researcher. \nShe is known for her humorous observational poetry and for her children's literature. This includes The Tenth Good Thing About Barney (about the death of a pet) and the Alexander series of short picture books, which includes Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day (1972), which has sold over two million copies.Viorst is a 1952 graduate of the Newark College of Arts and Sciences at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey. In 1968, Viorst signed the \"Writers and Editors War Tax Protest\" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. In the latter part of the 1970s, after two decades of writing for children and adults, she turned to the study of Freudian psychology. In 1981, she became a research graduate at Washington Psychoanalytic Institute after six years of study.", "Q530538": "Nedyalko Yordanov (Bulgarian: \u041d\u0435\u0434\u044f\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0419\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, born 18 January 1940) is a Bulgarian poet, playwright, and publicist. He graduated from high school in his hometown Burgas on the Black Sea coast. In 1962 he graduated with a degree in Bulgarian philology from the St. Clement of Ohrid Sofia University. Between 1962 and 1963 he worked as a teacher in Malko Tarnovo.\nLater, from 1963 to 1983 he was a playwright in the Burgas drama theatre. For the period 1980-1988 he was the main editor of the almanac Sea. During 1990 he became a playwright for the theatre Vazrazhdane in Sofia. \nHe began publishing in 1954 in the newspaper Black Sea Front, Burgas. He is actively cooperating with the daily press. He translates poetry from Russian and Turkish. His works are translated into Russian, Polish, German and many other languages.", "Q70463": "Ferrera is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Grisons, Switzerland. It was formed on 1 January 2008 through the merger of Innerferrera and Ausserferrera. Geographically, it covers the entire Val Ferrera valley.", "Q41866": "Justinian I (; Latin: Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus Augustus; Byzantine Greek: \u1f38\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u0391\u02b9 \u1f41 \u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2, romanized: Ioustinian\u00f3s I ho M\u00e9gas; c. 482 \u2013 14 November 565), traditionally known as Justinian the Great and also Saint Justinian the Great in the Eastern Orthodox Church, was the Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565.\nHis reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized renovatio imperii, or \"restoration of the Empire\". Because of his restoration activities, Justinian has sometimes been known as the \"Last Roman\" in mid 20th century historiography. This ambition was expressed by the partial recovery of the territories of the defunct Western Roman Empire. His general, Belisarius, swiftly conquered the Vandal Kingdom in North Africa. Subsequently, Belisarius, Narses, and other generals conquered the Ostrogothic kingdom, restoring Dalmatia, Sicily, Italy, and Rome to the empire after more than half a century of rule by the Ostrogoths. The prefect Liberius reclaimed the south of the Iberian peninsula, establishing the province of Spania. These campaigns re-established Roman control over the western Mediterranean, increasing the Empire's annual revenue by over a million solidi. During his reign, Justinian also subdued the Tzani, a people on the east coast of the Black Sea that had never been under Roman rule before. He engaged the Sasanian Empire in the east during Kavad I's reign, and later again during Khosrow I's; this second conflict was partially initiated due to his ambitions in the west.\nA still more resonant aspect of his legacy was the uniform rewriting of Roman law, the Corpus Juris Civilis, which is still the basis of civil law in many modern states. His reign also marked a blossoming of Byzantine culture, and his building program yielded works such as the Hagia Sophia.", "Q313804": "Casper Robert Van Dien Jr. (born December 18, 1968) is an American actor and producer.\n\n", "Q229226": "Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (n\u00e9e Stevenson; 29 September 1810 \u2013 12 November 1865), often referred to as Mrs Gaskell, was an English novelist, biographer and short story writer. Her novels offer a detailed portrait of the lives of many strata of Victorian society, including the very poor, and are of interest to social historians as well as lovers of literature. Her first novel, Mary Barton, was published in 1848. Gaskell's The Life of Charlotte Bront\u00eb, published in 1857, was the first biography of Bront\u00eb. In this biography, she wrote only of the moral, sophisticated things in Bront\u00eb\u2019s life; the rest she left out, deciding that certain, more salacious aspects were better kept hidden. Among Gaskell's best known novels are Cranford (1851\u201353), North and South (1854\u201355), and Wives and Daughters (1865), each having been adapted for television by the BBC.", "Q70305": "Sonja Alice Selma Toni Ziemann (8 February 1926 \u2013 17 February 2020) was a German film and television actress. In the 1950s, she was among Germany's most prominent actresses, awarded the 1950 Bambi for appearing, together with Rudolf Prack, in Schwarzwaldm\u00e4del. From the 1960s, she turned to more serious acting in international films such as The Secret Ways. She played in several anti-war films such as Strafbataillon 999. She also appeared on stage and in television.", "Q364454": "Adolf Wilhelm Edelsv\u00e4rd (28 June 1824 \u2013 15 October 1919) was a Swedish architect, engineer and military officer.", "Q67679": "Monteggio is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q60116": "Conrad Gessner (; Latin: Conradus Gesnerus 26 March 1516 \u2013 13 December 1565) was a Swiss physician, naturalist, bibliographer, and philologist. Born into a poor family in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland, his father and teachers quickly realised his talents and supported him through university, where he studied classical languages, theology and medicine. He became Z\u00fcrich's City Physician, but was able to spend much of his time on collecting, research and writing. Gessner compiled monumental works on bibliography (Bibliotheca universalis 1545\u20131549) and zoology (Historia animalium 1551\u20131558) and was working on a major botanical text at the time of his death from plague at the age of 49. He is regarded as the father of modern scientific bibliography, zoology and botany. He was frequently the first to describe a species of plant or animal in Europe, such as the tulip in 1559. A number of plants and animals have been named after him.", "Q1685894": "Kerstin Avemo (born October 27, 1973) is a Swedish opera singer with an active international career as a coloratura soprano.", "Q105012": "Gustav Neuring (1879 \u2013 April 12, 1919) was a German politician. He died in a lynching.\nNeuring was a member of Social Democratic Party of Germany. Following the German Revolution he served as the war minister (Kriegsminister) of the Free State of Saxony (Der Freistaat Sachsen). In April 1919 a mob of war veterans, upset by rumours that their war pensions will be cut, threw him into river Elbe in Dresden. When he tried to get up on the riverbank, Neuring was shot.", "Q954437": "Thomas Harold Flowers, BSc, DSc, MBE (22 December 1905 \u2013 28 October 1998) was an English engineer with the British General Post Office. During World War II, Flowers designed and built Colossus, the world's first programmable electronic computer, to help solve encrypted German messages.", "Q115201": "Liya Kebede (Amharic: \u120a\u12eb \u12a8\u1260\u12f0; born 1 March 1978) is an Ethiopian-born model, maternal health advocate, clothing designer, and actress. She has appeared on the cover of Vogue three times.\nKebede has served as the WHO's Ambassador for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health since 2005.", "Q69654": "Feusisberg is a municipality in H\u00f6fe District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.", "Q1192619": "Yokohama National University (\u6a2a\u6d5c\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66, Yokohama Kokuritsu Daigaku), or Yokokoku (\u6a2a\u56fd) is a leading national university located in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Yokohama National University comprises five graduate schools and four undergraduate faculties. Yokohama National University is one of leading national universities in Japan. It is consistently one of the highest ranking national universities in Japan that is not one of Japan's National Seven Universities. It is also a core member of the Port-City University League.", "Q188450": "Electropop is a music genre combining elements of electronic and pop genres. Usually, it is described as a variant of synth-pop with heavy emphasis on its electronic sound. The genre has seen a revival of popularity and major influence since the 2000s.", "Q994175": "Brunswick Records is an American record label founded in 1916.", "Q366243": "Jonathan Wyatt Latimer (October 23, 1906 \u2013 June 23, 1983) was an American crime writer known his novels and screenplays. Before becoming an autohor, Latimer was a journalist in Chicago.", "Q157032": "Prilep (Macedonian: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043f [\u02c8pri\u02d0l\u025bp] (listen)) is the fourth largest city in North Macedonia. It has a population of 66,246 and is known as \"the city under Marko's Towers\" because of its proximity to the towers of Prince Marko.\n\n", "Q656605": "Carine Roitfeld (French pronunciation: \u200b[ka.\u0281in \u0281wat.f\u025bld]; born 19 September 1954) is a French fashion editor. She is the former editor-in-chief of Vogue Paris, a position she held from 2001 to 31 January 2011. A former fashion model and writer, she announced her resignation on 17 December 2010 and was succeeded by Emmanuelle Alt. In 2012, she became founder and editor-in-chief of CR Fashion Book.", "Q111067": "Dr. Axel Berg (born 26 March 1959 in Stuttgart) is a German politician and member of the SPD.\nBerg, MP for Munich-North, was the only directly elected member of the Bavarian SPD member in the Bundestag until his defeat at the 2009 German federal election. He was a member of the Bundestag from 1998 to 2009.\n\n", "Q941984": "Rex Smith (born September 19, 1955) is an American actor and singer. Smith made his acting debut in the Broadway play Grease in 1978. He is noted for his role as Jesse Mach in the 1985 television series Street Hawk; being the first actor to play the Marvel Comics superhero Daredevil in live action; and being a singer and stage actor. During the late 1970s, Smith was popular as a teen idol. He was featured regularly in 16 Magazine and Tiger Beat. He also had a gold Top 10 single, \"You Take My Breath Away\" in 1979.", "Q110379": "Justin Lee Bartha (born July 21, 1978) is an American actor, known for his roles as Riley Poole in the National Treasure film series, Doug Billings in The Hangover trilogy, and David Sawyer in the NBC comedy series The New Normal. He starred as Colin Morrello in the CBS All Access legal and political drama The Good Fight.", "Q139933": "Zacharias Manuel de la Rocha (born January 12, 1970) is an American musician, rapper, singer, songwriter, and activist. He is best known as the vocalist and lyricist of rock band Rage Against the Machine. With former Mars Volta drummer Jon Theodore, de la Rocha also co-founded One Day as a Lion in 2008.", "Q264326": "Aliana Lohan (born December 22, 1993) is an American singer, actress, fashion model and television personality. Lohan is the younger sister of actress and singer Lindsay Lohan.", "Q195367": "Daniel Constantine Marino Jr. (born September 15, 1961) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback for 17 seasons with the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). After a successful college career at Pittsburgh and being named First-team All-American in 1981, Marino was the last quarterback taken in the first round of the quarterback class of 1983. Marino held or currently holds dozens of NFL records associated with the quarterback position, and despite never being on a Super Bowl-winning team, he is recognized as one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time.\nBest remembered for his quick release and powerful arm, Marino helped the Dolphins become consistent postseason contenders, leading them to the playoffs ten times and one Super Bowl appearance in XIX, although a title victory ultimately eluded him during his career. Marino is considered by many to be one of the greatest players to never win a Super Bowl and has the most career victories of quarterbacks to not win a title at 155 (147\u201393 in regular season and 8\u201310 in playoffs).\nA nine-time Pro Bowl selection, eight-time first or second team All-Pro, and All-AFC six times, Marino was voted NFL Rookie of the Year by Sporting News. The following season in 1984, Marino was the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP), when he set single season records of 5,084 passing yards, 48 touchdown passes, nine 300-yard passing games, and four 400-yard passing games. He was voted the 1994 NFL Comeback Player of the Year, and the 1998 Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year. At the time of his retirement, Marino held more than 40 NFL single season and career passing records (many of which have since been surpassed), including career passing attempts (8,358), completions (4,967), passing yards (61,361), and touchdown passes (420). Marino was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2003, inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2005 in his first year of eligibility, and is currently one of only three former Miami Dolphins to have his jersey number retired.", "Q321108": "Rodrigo Alejandro Bueno (Spanish: [ro\u02c8d\u027ei\u0261o ale\u02c8xand\u027eo bwe\u02c8no]; May 24, 1973 \u2013 June 24, 2000), also known by his stage name Rodrigo or his nickname \"El Potro\" (\"the Colt\"), was an Argentine singer of cuarteto music. He is widely regarded as the best, most famous and most influential singer in the history of this genre. Bueno's style was marked by his on-stage energy and charisma. His short, dyed hair and casual clothes differed from typical cuarteto singers with strident colors and long curly hair. During his career, Bueno expanded cuarteto music to the Argentine national scene, remaining one of the main figures of the genre.\nThe son of Eduardo Alberto Bueno, a record shop owner and music producer, and Beatriz Olave, a songwriter and newsstand owner, Rodrigo Bueno was born into the cuarteto musical scene in C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina. He first appeared on television at the age of two, on the show Fiesta de Cuarteto, along with family friend Juan Carlos \"La Mona\" Jim\u00e9nez. With the help of his father, he recorded an album of children's songs, Disco Baby, at the age of five. During his preteen years he informally joined the local band Ch\u00e9bere during live performances. He dropped out of school at the age of twelve and successfully auditioned for the band Manto Negro. After five years without success in C\u00f3rdoba, Bueno's father decided to try to launch his son's career as a soloist in Buenos Aires, Argentina. In 1990 Bueno released his first record, La Foto de tu Cuerpo, on Polygram Records. Bueno introduced his next album, Aprendiendo a Vivir, with a live performance at the nightclub Fant\u00e1stico Bailable. The performance brought him his first recognition in the tropical music scene.\nIn 1995, Bueno signed a contract with Sony Music that lasted only for the release of the album Sabroso; the next year he signed a contract with Magenta Records that granted him one percent of his record sales. He discarded salsa and merengue from his repertoire, recording and performing exclusively cuarteto. His first release with the label, Lo Mejor del Amor, became an instant radio hit, earning him national fame and an ACE Award for Best Musical Act. The success was followed by La Leyenda Contin\u00faa (certified gold by CAPIF) and Cuarteteando. His 1999 release A 2000 became the theme of a series of concerts begun in the Astral Theater and held the following year in the Luna Park Arena under the name of Cuarteto Caracter\u00edstico Rodrigo A 2000 (\"Characteristic Cuarteto, Rodrigo to 2000\"). The show sold out the stadium thirteen times, while the album A 2000 was certified quadruple platinum.\nBueno's schedule at the time included twenty-five to thirty shows weekly. Due to his demanding tours, Bueno began consuming beer to excess, which began to interfere with his performing. His stress level was further increased from receiving multiple death threats. Following a concert at the nightclub Esc\u00e1ndalo in La Plata, Bueno was returning to the city of Buenos Aires on the evening of June 24, 2000. After his path was blocked by another driver who had passed him on the turnpike, Bueno tried to chase the vehicle to move in front of it again. In the process, he lost control of his SUV and crashed against a barrier. He was ejected from the SUV and he died instantly. His death caused an immediate sensation in the Argentine media, with speculation about a possible murder conspiracy. After a short trial, the driver of the other vehicle was found not guilty; the judge considered Bueno to have been responsible for driving imprudently.", "Q118725": "Hafez al-Assad (Arabic: \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f\u200e \u1e24\u0101fi\u1e93 al-\u02beAsad, Levantine Arabic: [\u02c8\u0127a\u02d0fez\u02e4 el\u02c8\u0294asad], Modern Standard Arabic: [\u0127a\u02d0f\u026a\u00f0\u02e4 al'\u0294asad]; 6 October 1930 \u2013 10 June 2000) was a Syrian politician who served as President of Syria from 1971 to 2000. He was also Prime Minister from 1970 to 1971, as well as Regional Secretary of the Regional Command of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and Secretary General of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party from 1970 to 2000.\nAssad participated in the 1963 Syrian coup d'\u00e9tat which brought the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power, and the new leadership appointed him Commander of the Syrian Air Force. In 1966, Assad participated in a second coup, which toppled the traditional leaders of the Ba'ath Party and brought a radical military faction headed by Salah Jadid to power. Assad was appointed defense minister by the new government. Four years later, Assad initiated a third coup which ousted Jadid, and appointed himself as the undisputed leader of Syria.\nAssad de-radicalised the Ba'ath government when he took power by giving more space to private property and by strengthening the country's foreign relations with countries which his predecessor had deemed reactionary. He sided with the Soviet Union during the Cold War in turn for support against Israel, and, while he had forsaken the pan-Arab concept of unifying the Arab world into one Arab nation, he sought to make Syria the defender of Arab interests against Israel. When he came to power, Assad organised state services along sectarian lines (the Sunnis became the heads of political institutions, while the Alawites took control of the military, intelligence, and security apparatuses). The formerly collegial powers of Ba'athist decision-making were curtailed, and were transferred to the Syrian presidency. The Syrian government ceased to be a one-party system in the normal sense of the word, and was turned into a one-party state with a strong presidency. To maintain this system, a cult of personality centered on Assad and his family was created by the president and Ba'ath party.Having become the main source of initiative inside the Syrian government, Assad began looking for a successor. His first choice was his brother Rifaat, but Rifaat attempted to seize power in 1983\u201384 when Hafez's health was in doubt. Rifaat was subsequently exiled when Hafez's health recovered. Hafez's next choice of successor was his eldest son, Bassel. However, Bassel died in a car accident in 1994, and Hafez turned to his third choice\u2014his younger son Bashar, who at that time had no political experience. This move was met with criticism within some quarters of the Syrian ruling class, but Assad persisted with his plan and demoted several officials who opposed this succession. Hafez died in 2000 and Bashar succeeded him as President.", "Q64370": "Franz von Dingelstedt (June 30, 1814 \u2013 May 15, 1881) was a German poet, dramatist and theatre administrator.", "Q328892": "Roderick James Nugent Stewart (born 3 January 1973), known as Rory Stewart, is a British diplomat, author, writer and politician. He served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Penrith and The Border from 2010 to 2019 and was international development secretary in 2019. First elected as a Conservative, Stewart had the party whip removed in September 2019 and subsequently sat as an independent.\nAfter education at the Dragon School, Eton College and Balliol College, Oxford, Stewart became a diplomat, working in Indonesia and Montenegro. He left the civil service to undertake a two-year walk across Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, India and Nepal. He later wrote a best-selling book, The Places in Between, about his experiences. He subsequently served as a deputy governor for the Coalition Provisional Authority following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and wrote a second book covering this period, Occupational Hazards or The Prince of the Marshes. He later lectured at Harvard and worked for several non-governmental organisations, including as executive chairman of the Turquoise Mountain Foundation.\nIn 2009, Stewart joined the Conservative Party and was selected as the parliamentary candidate for Penrith and The Border. He was elected to the House of Commons the following year, and was later elected as chair of the Defence Select Committee. In 2015, he was appointed to the Cameron Government as minister for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. From 2016 to 2019, Stewart served in the May Government as international development minister, Africa minister, and prisons minister. In 2019, he was promoted to the cabinet as international development secretary. Stewart stood as a candidate for leader of the Conservative Party in the 2019 leadership contest, finishing fifth.\nOn 3 October 2019, Stewart announced he had resigned from the Conservative Party and that he would stand down as an MP at the next general election. He is now an independent candidate in the 2021 London mayoral election.\n\n", "Q319497": "Sergey Semyonovich Sobyanin (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0301\u043d\u0438\u043d; born 21 June 1958) is a Russian politician, serving as the 3rd Mayor of Moscow since 21 October 2010.\nSobyanin previously served as the Governor of Tyumen Oblast (2001\u20132005), Deputy Prime Minister of Russia (2005\u20132008 in Mikhail Fradkov's Second Cabinet) and Head of the presidential administration (2008\u20132010). Sobyanin is a member of the ruling United Russia political party, and is elected to its higher governing bodies, current member of presidium of Regional Council of the United Russia in Moscow and the head (political council secretary) of the party's Moscow branch from March 2011 to December 2012.He is considered to be a close ally to Russian billionaire businessman Vladimir Bogdanov, Director General of Surgutneftegaz.As the Mayor of Moscow, Sobyanin has gradually relaxed the massive construction projects of his predecessor, for which he has won acclaim for the \"most sane piece of city planning in years.\" As Mayor, Sobyanin created large mass media holding group of numbers TV and radio channels and newspapers, owned and controlled by Moscow Government. And he has also won praise for his efforts in combatting corruption. At the same time, Sobyanin was criticized for the banning of gay parades in the city, for which he was strongly condemned by LGBT groups.", "Q117416": "Daniel Vischer (16 January 1950 \u2013 17 January 2017) was a Swiss politician. He represented the Green Party. He was elected to the National Council in 2003, and was reelected twice in 2007 and 2011. His term ended in 2015.Born in Basel, Vischer was the son of jurist Frank Vischer (1923\u20132015). He was married and had two children.Vischer died from cancer on 17 January 2017, a day after his 67th birthday, in Z\u00fcrich.", "Q299297": "Simon Maxwell Helberg (born December 9, 1980) is an American actor, comedian, and musician. He is known for playing Howard Wolowitz in the sitcom The Big Bang Theory (2007\u20132019), for which he won a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series, and as Cosm\u00e9 McMoon in the film Florence Foster Jenkins (2016), which earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture.\nHelberg has appeared on the sketch comedy series MADtv and is also known for his role as Moist in Joss Whedon's web miniseries Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog (2008). He has further performed in films such as Old School (2003), Good Night, and Good Luck (2005), Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story (2007) and A Serious Man (2009).", "Q170499": "Pope Formosus (c.\u2009816 \u2013 896) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States whose pontificate lasted from 6 October 891 to his death. His reign as pope was troubled, marked by interventions in power struggles over the Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Kingdom of West Francia, and the Holy Roman Empire. Because he sided with Arnulf of Carinthia against Lambert of Spoleto, Formosus's remains were exhumed and put on trial in the Cadaver Synod. Several of his immediate successors were primarily preoccupied by the controversial legacy of his pontificate.", "Q1240095": "Donald Louis Evans (born July 27, 1946) is an American businessman. He was the 34th U.S. Secretary of Commerce. He was appointed by his longtime friend George W. Bush and sworn into office on January 20, 2001. On November 9, 2004, the White House announced that Evans intended to resign by the end of January 2005.\nEvans was chosen to be the Non-Executive Chairman of TXU Energy, following the completion of its acquisition by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and Texas Pacific Group.", "Q242493": "Junko Takeuchi (\u7af9\u5185 \u9806\u5b50, Takeuchi Junko, born April 5, 1972) is a Japanese actress and voice actress employed by Ogipro The Next Co. Inc. Taking a well-trod path by many voice actresses, she often voices young male characters with generally very quirky and goofy personalities. One of her most well-known roles include Naruto Uzumaki from the popular anime series Naruto. She has played Takuya Kanbara in Digimon Frontier, Rin Natsuki/Cure Rouge in Yes! PreCure 5, Metabee in Medabots, Mamoru Endou in Inazuma Eleven, Gon Freecss in the 1999 version of Hunter \u00d7 Hunter, and is the voice of Gumball Watterson in the Japanese dubbing of The Amazing World of Gumball.", "Q272550": "Patricia Bredin (born 1935) is a British actress and one-time singer from Hull, England, who was best known as the very first United Kingdom representative in the Eurovision Song Contest. She took part in the 1957 contest, held in Frankfurt, and finished in seventh place out of ten entries with the song \"All\", the first ever song sung in English at the Eurovision. At 1:52, this was for a long time the shortest performance in the history of the contest. However, this record was beaten in 2015 when Finland selected Pertti Kurikan Nimip\u00e4iv\u00e4t to represent them in the 2015 edition of the contest. Their entry \u201cAina mun pit\u00e4\u00e4\u201d was only 1:27 long.", "Q75269": "Krystyna Ankwicz (4 April 1907 \u2013 6 August 1985) was a Polish film actress.", "Q379377": "Iris is a Romanian rock band established in 1975 by Ioan 'Nelu' Dumitrescu (drums), Ion 'Nu\u021bu' Olteanu (lead solo guitar and vocals) and Emil Lechin\u021beanu (bass guitar). They achieved success, followed by tours throughout Romania and recordings for radio broadcast. At the 2006 MTV Romania Music Awards, Iris won the Best Rock Award and were nominated for Best Band and Best Live Act.", "Q2902124": "Naftali Blumenthal (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05e4\u05ea\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d8\u05dc\u200e, born 1 March 1922) is an Israeli former politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment from 1981 until 1984.\n\n", "Q74177": "Marietta Slomka (born 20 April 1969 in Cologne) is a German journalist.\n\n", "Q428377": "Indhira Rosa Serrano Redondo (born 1976 in Barranquilla, Colombia) is a well known Colombian actress and model.\nShe participated in grand telenovelas such as \"La Traici\u00f3n\" and \"El Clon\" of Telemundo.", "Q309690": "Walter Charles Dance, (born 10 October 1946) is an English actor, screenwriter, and film director.\nSome of his highest-profile roles are Tywin Lannister in HBO's Game of Thrones (2011\u20132015), Guy Perron in The Jewel in the Crown (1984), Sardo Numspa in The Golden Child (1986), Dr. Jonathan Clemens in Alien 3 (1992), Benedict in Last Action Hero (1993), the Master Vampire in Dracula Untold (2014), Lord Havelock Vetinari in Terry Pratchett's Going Postal (2010), Alastair Denniston in The Imitation Game (2014), and Emperor Emhyr var Emreis in The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt (2015). Most recently, he portrayed Lord Mountbatten in the third season of The Crown.", "Q139927": "Zack and Miri Make a Porno is a 2008 American sex comedy film written, directed and edited by Kevin Smith and starring Seth Rogen and Elizabeth Banks. It was released on October 31, 2008.", "Q91845": "Friedrich Markgraf (1 February 1897 in Berlin-Friedenau \u2013 8 March 1987) was a German botanist.", "Q160852": "William Ewart Gladstone (; 29 December 1809 \u2013 19 May 1898) was a British statesman and Liberal politician. In a career lasting over 60 years, he served for 12 years as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, spread over four terms beginning in 1868 and ending in 1894. He also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer four times.\nGladstone was born in Liverpool to Scottish parents. He first entered the House of Commons in 1832, beginning his political career as a High Tory, a grouping which became the Conservative Party under Robert Peel in 1834. Gladstone served as a minister in both of Peel's governments, and in 1846 joined the breakaway Peelite faction, which eventually merged into the new Liberal Party in 1859. He was Chancellor under Lord Aberdeen (1852\u20131855), Lord Palmerston (1859\u20131865) and Lord Russell (1865\u20131866). Gladstone's own political doctrine\u2014which emphasised equality of opportunity and opposition to trade protectionism\u2014came to be known as Gladstonian liberalism. His popularity amongst the working-class earned him the sobriquet \"The People's William\".\nIn 1868, Gladstone became Prime Minister for the first time. Many reforms were passed during his first ministry, including the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland and the introduction of secret voting. After electoral defeat in 1874, Gladstone resigned as leader of the Liberal Party. From 1876 he began a comeback based on opposition to Turkey's reaction to the Bulgarian April Uprising. His Midlothian Campaign of 1879\u201380 was an early example of many modern political campaigning techniques. After the 1880 general election, Gladstone formed his second ministry (1880\u20131885), which saw the passage of the Third Reform Act as well as crises in Egypt (culminating in the Fall of Khartoum) and Ireland, where his government passed repressive measures but also improved the legal rights of Irish tenant farmers.\nBack in office in early 1886, Gladstone proposed home rule for Ireland but was defeated in the House of Commons. The resulting split in the Liberal Party helped keep them out of office \u2013 with one short break \u2013 for 20 years. Gladstone formed his last government in 1892, at the age of 82. The Government of Ireland Bill 1893 passed through the Commons but was defeated in the House of Lords in 1893. Gladstone left office in March 1894, aged 84, as both the oldest person to serve as Prime Minister and the only Prime Minister to have served four terms. He left Parliament in 1895 and died three years later.\nGladstone was known affectionately by his supporters as \"The People's William\" or the \"G.O.M.\" (\"Grand Old Man\", or, according to his political rival Benjamin Disraeli, \"God's Only Mistake\"). Historians often call him one of Britain's greatest leaders.", "Q1397901": "Cleopatra Records is a Los Angeles-based independent record label founded in 1992 by entrepreneur and music fan Brian Perera. It has since grown into a family of labels, including Hypnotic Records, Purple Pyramid Records, Deadline Music Records; and X-Ray Records, encompassing a variety of genres with emphasis on unique and experimental artists.", "Q438164": "Samuel R. Delany (; born April 1, 1942), Chip Delany to his friends, is an American author and literary critic. His work includes fiction (especially science fiction), memoir, criticism and essays on science fiction, literature, sexuality, and society.\nHis fiction includes Babel-17, The Einstein Intersection (winners of the Nebula Award for 1966 and 1967 respectively), Nova, Dhalgren, the Return to Nev\u00e8r\u00ffon series, and Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders. His nonfiction includes Times Square Red, Times Square Blue, About Writing, and eight books of essays. After winning four Nebula awards and two Hugo Awards over the course of his career, Delany was inducted by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame in 2002. From January 1975 until his retirement in May 2015, he was a professor of English, Comparative Literature, and Creative Writing at SUNY Buffalo, SUNY Albany, and Temple University in Philadelphia. In 1997 he won the Kessler Award, and in 2010 he won the third J. Lloyd Eaton Lifetime Achievement Award in Science Fiction from the academic Eaton Science Fiction Conference at UCR Libraries. The Science Fiction Writers of America named him its 30th SFWA Grand Master in 2013.\n\n", "Q64364": "Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim (2 April 1719 \u2013 18 February 1803) was a German poet, commonly associated with the Enlightenment movement.", "Q1686351": "Jeffrey Steven Pilson (born January 19, 1959) is an American musician who is currently the bass guitarist for the rock band Foreigner. He has also performed with bands Dokken and Dio. He also plays guitar, cello, keyboards, piano, and mellotron. Pilson played fictional heavy metal bassist J\u00f6rgen in the 2001 film Rock Star, and voiced Johnny Cage in the 2011 video game Mortal Kombat.", "Q117402": "Barbara Pompili (born 13 June 1975) is a French politician who has been serving as a member of the National Assembly for the 2nd constituency of Somme since 2017, previously holding the seat from 2012 to 2016. A member of La R\u00e9publique En Marche! (REM) since 2017, she was a member of The Greens (LV) from 2000 to 2010 and Europe Ecology \u2013 The Greens (EELV) from 2010 until 2015. Pompili served as Secretary of State for Biodiversity from 2016 to 2017.", "Q151457": "Otto IV (1175 \u2013 19 May 1218) was one of two rival kings of Germany from 1198 on, sole king from 1208 on, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 until he was forced to abdicate in 1215. The only German king of the Welf dynasty, he incurred the wrath of Pope Innocent III and was excommunicated in 1210.", "Q336460": "Margaret Omolola Young, Baroness Young of Hornsey (born 1 June 1951) is a British actress, author, Crossbench peer, and Chancellor of the University of Nottingham", "Q229232": "Gloria May Josephine Swanson (March 27, 1899 \u2013 April 4, 1983) was an American actress and producer.\nSwanson was the silent screen's most successful and highest paid star, earning $20,000 per week in the mid-1920s. Noted for her extravagance, Swanson earned $8 million from 1918 to 1929 and spent nearly all of it.Swanson starred in dozens of silent films, often under the direction of Cecil B. DeMille. In 1928, she was nominated for the first Academy Award ever given for Best Actress.Swanson was among the early women to produce her own movies, making The Love of Sunya (1927) and Sadie Thompson (1928). In 1929, Swanson transitioned into sounds films with her performance in The Trespasser. Personal problems and changing tastes saw her popularity wane during the 1930s and she ventured into theater and television.\nIn 1950, after an absence from the screen for several years, Swanson achieved widespread critical acclaim and recognition for her role as Norma Desmond, a reclusive silent film star, in the critically acclaimed 1950 film Sunset Boulevard. The film earned her a Golden Globe Award and a nomination for an Academy Award. In 1989, the film was among the first group of films to be chosen by the Library of Congress for preservation as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" For more than half a century, Swanson denied having an affair with Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., the father of future-President John F. Kennedy. Swanson later broke her silence, and wrote about the affair in her best-selling 1980 autobiography Swanson on Swanson.", "Q1523999": "Gilbert Edmund Kaplan (March 3, 1941 \u2013 January 1, 2016) was an American businessman and financial publisher. He was also an aficionado of the music of Gustav Mahler, and an amateur conductor of Mahler's Symphony No. 2.", "Q285866": "Miguel \u00c1ngel Olivares Biaggio (born September 3, 1976 in San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed), also known as Miguel Angel Biagio, Mike Biagio, Mike Biaggio, is a Mexican actor.\nBiaggio made his acting debut in the 1996 telenovela El vuelo del \u00e1guila and since then, has appeared in various other telenovelas. Among those, El juego de la vida, Corazones al l\u00edmite, La Madrastra, Contra viento y marea, Rebelde, Muchachitas como tu, Querida Enemiga, Un gancho al corazon, Zacatillo, un lugar en tu corazon and Amorcito Corazon and Qu\u00e9 bonito amor. Biaggio was also a member of the Mexican band Mercurio.", "Q145422": "Jim Wynorski (born August 14, 1950 in Glen Cove, Long Island, New York) is an American screenwriter, director, and producer.\nWynorski has been making B-movies and exploitation movies since the early 1980s, and has directed over 150 feature films. His earliest films were released to movie theaters, but his later works have predominantly been released to cable or the straight-to-video market. He often works under pseudonyms such as \"Jay Andrews,\" \"Arch Stanton,\" \"H.R. Blueberry,\" \"Tom Popatopolis,\" and \"Noble Henry.\" His movies often spoof horror films: Cleavagefield, for example, parodies Cloverfield, The Bare Wench Project parodies The Blair Witch Project, and \"Para-Knockers Activity\" parodies Paranormal Activity. A character in the film The Final Destination is named after him.In 2009, the documentary Popatopolis, directed by Clay Westervelt and named for one of Wynorski's pseudonyms, chronicled Wynorski during the making of his soft-core horror film, The Witches of Breastwick. The film serves as a partial biography, with clips from many of his previous films and includes interviews with Wynorski, his contemporaries, cast, and crew.\nIn 2016, he directed Nessie & Me, marking the first time that he directed a children's film. The character Jack O\u2019Grady directly references Wynorski's earlier films Dinocroc vs. Supergator and Piranhaconda when he encounters Nessie at the start of the film, hinting that Nessie & Me is canon to those film series, as well as Monster Cruise, with many characters from it appearing in Nessie & Me as well.", "Q6501221": "Control theory in control systems engineering is a subfield of mathematics that deals with the control of continuously operating dynamical systems in engineered processes and machines. The objective is to develop a control model for controlling such systems using a control action in an optimum manner without delay or overshoot and ensuring control stability.\nTo do this, a controller with the requisite corrective behavior is required. This controller monitors the controlled process variable (PV), and compares it with the reference or set point (SP). The difference between actual and desired value of the process variable, called the error signal, or SP-PV error, is applied as feedback to generate a control action to bring the controlled process variable to the same value as the set point. Other aspects which are also studied are controllability and observability. This is the basis for the advanced type of automation that revolutionized manufacturing, aircraft, communications and other industries. This is feedback control, which is usually continuous and involves taking measurements using a sensor and making calculated adjustments to keep the measured variable within a set range by means of a \"final control element\", such as a control valve.Extensive use is usually made of a diagrammatic style known as the block diagram. In it the transfer function, also known as the system function or network function, is a mathematical model of the relation between the input and output based on the differential equations describing the system.\nControl theory dates from the 19th century, when the theoretical basis for the operation of governors was first described by James Clerk Maxwell. Control theory was further advanced by Edward Routh in 1874, Charles Sturm and in 1895, Adolf Hurwitz, who all contributed to the establishment of control stability criteria; and from 1922 onwards, the development of PID control theory by Nicolas Minorsky.\nAlthough a major application of control theory is in control systems engineering, which deals with the design of process control systems for industry, other applications range far beyond this. As the general theory of feedback systems, control theory is useful wherever feedback occurs.", "Q857880": "French Canadians (also referred to as Canadiens; French: Canadiens fran\u00e7ais [kanadj\u025b\u0303 f\u0281\u0251\u0303s\u025b] or Canadiennes fran\u00e7aises [kanadj\u025bn f\u0281\u0251\u0303s\u025bz]) are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada from the 17th century onward. Today, people of French heritage make up the majority of native speakers of French in Canada, who in turn account for about 22 per cent of the country's total population. The majority of French Canadians reside in Quebec, where they constitute the majority of the province's population, although French-Canadian and francophone minority communities exist in all other Canadian provinces and territories as well. Besides the Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois, distinct French speaking ethnic groups in Canada include the Acadians of the Maritime Provinces, the Brayons of New Brunswick, and the M\u00e9tis of the Prairie Provinces, among other smaller groups.During the mid-18th century, Canadian colonists born in French Canada expanded across North America and colonized various regions, cities, and towns; the French-Canadian settlers originated primarily from districts in the west of France, such as Normandy, Perche, Beauce, Maine, Anjou, Touraine, Poitou, Aunis, Angoumois, Saintonge and Gascony.Today, French Canadians live across North America. Most French Canadians reside in Quebec, and are commonly referred to as Quebecers and Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois in that province, although smaller communities exist throughout Canada and in the United States. Between 1840 and 1930, roughly 900,000 French Canadians immigrated to the United States, mostly to the New England region. Acadians (Acadiens), who reside in the Maritimes, may be included among the French Canadian group in linguistic contexts, but are considered a separate group from the French Canadians in a cultural sense due to their distinct history, much of which predates the admission of the Maritime Provinces to Canadian Confederation in 1867.\nFrench Canadians (including those who are no longer French-speaking) constitute the second largest cultural group in Canada, behind those of English ancestry, and ahead of those of Scottish and Irish heritage; there is nevertheless a distinction between those identifying as French Canadians and those simply identifying as French. In total, those whose ethnic origins are French Canadian, French, Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois and Acadian number up to 11.9 million people or comprising 33.78% of the Canadian population.Not all francophone Canadians are of French-Canadian descent or heritage. The body of French language speakers in Canada includes significant communities from other francophone countries such as Haiti, Cameroon, Algeria, Tunisia or Vietnam. At the same time, not all Canadians of French heritage are francophone today.", "Q200878": "Jabalpur (English: , US also , Hindi: [d\u0292\u0259b\u0259l\u02c8p\u028a\u027e]; formerly known as Jubbulpore, the official spelling until 2006) is a tier 2 city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is one of the major cities of Madhya Pradesh. According to the 2011 census, it is the third-largest urban agglomeration in Madhya Pradesh, and the country's 36th-largest urban agglomeration. It is known for the Dhuandhar Falls and the white Marble Rocks at Bhedaghat. It is generally accepted that the game of Snooker originated here.Jabalpur is an important administrative, industrial, and business center of Madhya Pradesh. It is a major education hub in India. The High Court of Madhya Pradesh and several departmental headquarters of the State Government are located in Jabalpur. The city has a major military base and has four major Indian Ordnance Factories for the production of arms and ammunition in India, which are the city's primary source of employment. It also has several other smaller industries. The city is a major trading center and producer of forest products, experiencing fast growth in all sectors.\nJabalpur is the administrative headquarters of Jabalpur district (the second-most-populous district in Madhya Pradesh) and the Jabalpur division. Historically, a center of the Kalachuri and Rajgond dynasties, the city developed a syncretic culture influenced by intermittent Mughal and Maratha reigns.\nDuring the early nineteenth century, it was annexed by British India and renamed as Jubbulpore and incorporated as a cantonment town. Since Indian independence there have been demands for a separate state of Mahakoshal, with Jabalpur its capital. The headquarters of the West Central Railway, Madhya Pradesh Electricity Board, Tropical Forest Research Institute (TFRI), and Army headquarters of five states, viz. Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Bihar and Jharkhand, are in Jabalpur. Jabalpur is also the Army Headquarters for The Grenadiers and Jammu and Kashmir Rifles regiments. The city is also the headquarter of 1 Signal Training Centre.", "Q3400093": "Evgeny Alexandrovich Chichvarkin (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0438\u0447\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043a\u0438\u043d; born 10 September 1974 in Leningrad) is a Russian entrepreneur who founded the largest Russian mobile phone retailer, Yevroset. Due to this business, he became the richest man under 35 of his country, with an approximatively $1.6 billion wealth.\nHe has received a number of public awards including 2004 Person of the Year in the Head of Retail Business category. The winner of the Ernst & Young contest \"Entrepreneur of the Year 2005\" in the Nomination \"Trade\".In 2006 Evgeny Alexandrovich Chichvarkin was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky \"For Labor and the Fatherland\" in the nomination \"Industry Leader\". In 2006 was awarded the Order of Glory of Russia for his great personal contribution to the development of the best traditions of Russian entrepreneurship. In 2007, at the Grand Prix of the \"Person of the Year 2006\" Chichvarkin was awarded the Order of Glory of the Fatherland.He was a member of the Right Cause political party and was expected to become chairman of its Moscow section. Chichvarkin currently lives in London, from where he has campaigned against corruption in Russia and president Vladimir Putin personally.On August 2012 he launched his new wine store Hedonism Wines on London's Davies Street.\n\n", "Q465277": "Emperor Duy T\u00e2n (Hanoi: [zwi\u02e7 t\u0259n\u02e7], H\u00e1n t\u1ef1: \u7dad\u65b0, lit. \"renovation\"; 19 September 1900 \u2013 26 December 1945), born Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac V\u0129nh San, was a boy emperor of the Nguy\u1ec5n Dynasty and reigned for 9 years between 1907 and 1916.", "Q266525": "Joanna Krupa (Polish pronunciation: [j\u0254\u02c8an\u02d0a \u02c8krupa]; born 23 April 1979) is a Polish American model, actress and animal rights activist. She is known internationally as the host and head judge of Polish Top Model as well as for appearances on reality television shows Dancing with the Stars and The Real Housewives of Miami.", "Q783992": "Burton Lorne Cummings, (born December 31, 1947) is a Canadian musician, singer and songwriter.\nCummings is the former lead singer and keyboardist for the Canadian rock band The Guess Who. During his decade in the band, from 1965 to 1975, he sang, wrote or co-wrote many hit songs, including \"American Woman,\" \"No Time\", \"Share the Land\", \"Hand Me Down World\", \"Laughing\", \"Star Baby\", \"New Mother Nature\", \"These Eyes\", and \"Clap for the Wolfman\". His solo career includes many hit singles, including \"Stand Tall\", \"My Own Way to Rock\", \"Fine State of Affairs\", and \"You Saved My Soul\".", "Q220570": "Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism). Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath, chest pain particularly upon breathing in, and coughing up blood. Symptoms of a blood clot in the leg may also be present, such as a red, warm, swollen, and painful leg. Signs of a PE include low blood oxygen levels, rapid breathing, rapid heart rate, and sometimes a mild fever. Severe cases can lead to passing out, abnormally low blood pressure, and sudden death.PE usually results from a blood clot in the leg that travels to the lung. The risk of blood clots is increased by cancer, prolonged bed rest, smoking, stroke, certain genetic conditions, estrogen-based medication, pregnancy, obesity, and after some types of surgery. A small proportion of cases are due to the embolization of air, fat, or amniotic fluid. Diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms in combination with test results. If the risk is low, a blood test known as a D-dimer may rule out the condition. Otherwise, a CT pulmonary angiography, lung ventilation/perfusion scan, or ultrasound of the legs may confirm the diagnosis. Together, deep vein thrombosis and PE are known as venous thromboembolism (VTE).Efforts to prevent PE include beginning to move as soon as possible after surgery, lower leg exercises during periods of sitting, and the use of blood thinners after some types of surgery. Treatment is with anticoagulants such as heparin, warfarin or one of the direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs). These are recommended for at least three months. Severe cases may require thrombolysis using medication such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) given intravenously or through a catheter, and some may require surgery (a pulmonary thrombectomy). If blood thinners are not appropriate, a temporary vena cava filter may be used.Pulmonary emboli affect about 430,000 people each year in Europe. In the United States, between 300,000 and 600,000 cases occur each year, which results in between 50,000 and 200,000 deaths. Rates are similar in males and females. They become more common as people get older.\n\n", "Q387903": "Martin Barnaby Madden (March 21, 1855 \u2013 April 27, 1928) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. He belonged to the Republican Party.", "Q271059": "Mageina Tovah (born July 26, 1979) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Glynis Figliola in the television series Joan of Arcadia (2003\u20132005) and as Ursula Ditkovich in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy.", "Q1683229": "The Japan Academy (\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u58eb\u9662, Nippon gakushiin) is an honorary organization founded in 1879 to bring together leading Japanese scholars with distinguished records of scientific achievements. The Academy is currently an extraordinary organ of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; and the organization's headquarters located in Ueno Park, Tokyo, Japan. Election to the Academy is considered the highest distinction a scholar can achieve, and members enjoy life tenure and an annual monetary stipend.", "Q69640": "Katharina Thalbach (born 19 January 1954 in East Berlin) is a German actress and stage director.", "Q57976": "Frederick Francis II (28 February 1823 \u2013 15 April 1883) was a Prussian officer and Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 7 March 1842 until 15 April 1883.", "Q115215": "Sabine Christiansen (* 20 September 1957 in Preetz, Schleswig-Holstein, West Germany) is a German journalist and television presenter.\n\n", "Q710136": "William Stanley Jr. (November 28, 1858 \u2013 May 14, 1916) was an American physicist born in Brooklyn, New York. In his career, he obtained 129 patents covering a variety of electric devices. In 1913, he also patented an all-steel vacuum bottle, and formed the Stanley Bottle Company.", "Q1129925": "The Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (UC) (Spanish: Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile) is one of the six Catholic Universities existing in the Chilean university system and one of the two pontifical universities in the country, along with the Pontifical Catholic University of Valpara\u00edso. It is also one of Chile's oldest universities and one of the most recognized educational institutions in Latin America. According to the QS Ranking, its Faculty of Law ranks 44th in the world, and its Faculty of Education ranks 21st worldwide. It was ranked 1st university in Latin America in 2018, 2019 and 2020 according to the same QS ranking.", "Q188444": "Differential geometry is a mathematical discipline that uses the techniques of differential calculus, integral calculus, linear algebra and multilinear algebra to study problems in geometry. The theory of plane and space curves and surfaces in the three-dimensional Euclidean space formed the basis for development of differential geometry during the 18th century and the 19th century.\nSince the late 19th century, differential geometry has grown into a field concerned more generally with the geometric structures on differentiable manifolds. Differential geometry is closely related to differential topology and the geometric aspects of the theory of differential equations. The differential geometry of surfaces captures many of the key ideas and techniques endemic to this field.\n\n", "Q372544": "Lorenzo Barcelata (July 24, 1898 \u2013 July 13, 1943) was a Mexican composer and actor born in Tlalixcoyan, Veracruz. He died in Mexico City from cholera, shortly before his 45th birthday.\nBarcelata came from a musically oriented family. He wrote his first song, \"Arroyito\", at the age of 14. He later moved to Tampico where he formed the quartet \"Cuarteto Tamaulipeco\", with composer Ernesto Cort\u00e1zar. Their fame quickly spread throughout the region and they received international fame when the Mexican government sent them on a tour of Cuba. While there, they were signed to perform a 52-week tour of the United States. After two of the members were fatally injured in an automobile accident, Barcelata returned to Mexico. He reformed the quartet as his fame continued to grow. Beginning in 1932, he entered the Mexican film industry and became a prominent film composer until his death. He also achieved fame as an actor as he played roles in several films.\nHis most famous song is \"Mar\u00eda Elena\", which was originally written for the First Lady of Mexico, the wife of president Emilio Portes Gil. Maria Elena was featured in the Mexican film by the same name. A version of it was also included on the soundtrack to the American film Bordertown. It was later translated into English and performed by the Lawrence Welk orchestra. Another English version was recorded by Jimmy Dorsey. Dorsey's version topped the charts in 1941. Wayne King also recorded an English version which reached the No.2 position during the week of June 14, runner-up only to the Dorsey version. A vocal version by Tony Pastor also reached the Top 10 during that month. Maria Elena has since been recorded internationally by several different musicians. In 1958, the Brazilian group Los Indios Tabajaras recorded a version that became popular throughout Latin America and later (in 1963) reached the No.6 position in the US charts & No.5 in the UK charts.\nThe popularity of Maria Elena in the US in the early-1940s resulted in Barcelata touring the country once again. He returned to Mexico in 1943 where he was scheduled to produce several radio programs. However, he died on July 13, before recording could begin. In total, he left behind a catalog of 214 songs, including Por ti aprend\u00ed a querer, and El Cascabel, among others.A recording of \"El Cascabel\" was one of the pieces of music on the Voyager Golden Record. This version was a mariachi interpretation performed by Antonio Maciel y Las Aguilillas with El Mariachi M\u00e9xico de Pepe Villa. The 12 inch album (complete with stylus, cartridge and instructions for use) which was launched into deep space aboard the Voyager space probes in the late 1970s.", "Q276050": "Kimberly Katherine \"Kim\" Smith (born March 3, 1983) is a former American fashion model and actress.", "Q4681586": "Adel S. Sedra is an Egyptian Canadian electrical engineer and professor.", "Q256380": "Cara Carleton \"Carly\" Fiorina (n\u00e9e Sneed; born September 6, 1954) is an American businesswoman and political figure, known primarily for her tenure as CEO of Hewlett-Packard (HP). She subsequently served as Chair of the philanthropic organization Good360.\nFiorina ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate in 2010 and the Republican presidential nomination in 2016.\nAs Chief Executive Officer of HP from 1999 to 2005, Fiorina was the first woman to lead a Top-20 company as ranked by Fortune Magazine. In 2002, Fiorina oversaw what was then the largest technology sector merger in history, in which HP acquired rival personal computer manufacturer, Compaq. The transaction made HP the world's largest seller of personal computers. HP subsequently laid off 30,000 U.S. employees in order to save 80,000 jobs. The company then grew to 150,000. In February 2005, she was forced to resign as CEO and Chair following a boardroom disagreement.Fiorina was an adviser to Republican Senator John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign. In 2010, she won the Republican nomination for the United States Senate in California, but lost the general election to incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer. Fiorina was a candidate in the 2016 Republican presidential primary, and was for seven days the vice-presidential running mate of Ted Cruz until he suspended his campaign, setting the record for shortest vice presidential candidacy in modern U.S. history.\n\n", "Q154249": "The Plague of the Zombies is a 1966 Hammer film directed by John Gilling and starring Andr\u00e9 Morell, John Carson, Jacqueline Pearce, Brook Williams and Michael Ripper. The film's imagery influenced many later films in the zombie genre.", "Q269170": "Kornelije \"Bata\" Kova\u010d (pronounced [k\u0254\u030crne\u031e\u02d0lije\u031e b\u01ce\u02d0ta k\u0254\u0302v\u031eat\u0283]; Serbian Cyrillic: \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447, Hungarian: Kov\u00e1cs Korn\u00e9l; born 1 January 1942) is a Serbian composer.", "Q3086015": "Fran\u00e7ois Villeroy de Galhau (born 24 February 1959) is a French civil servant and banker serving as Governor of the Bank of France and ex officio President of the French Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority since 2015.", "Q4353145": "Joseph Cyril Bamford CBE (21 June 1916 \u2013 1 March 2001) was a British businessman, who was the founder of the JCB company, manufacturing heavy plant.", "Q314819": "Donald Adeosun Faison (; born June 22, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, and voice actor, best known for his leading role as Dr. Chris Turk in the ABC/NBC comedy-drama Scrubs (2001\u20132010), and a supporting role as Murray in both the film Clueless (1995) and the subsequent television series of the same name. He also starred as Phil Chase in the TV Land sitcom The Exes (2011\u201315).\nFaison has also co-starred in the films Waiting to Exhale (1995), Remember the Titans (2000), Uptown Girls (2003), Something New (2006), Next Day Air (2009), and Kick-Ass 2 (2013).", "Q77318": "Fanny Lewald (21 March 1811 \u2013 5 August 1889) was a German author.", "Q1358816": "Nathan Isaevich Altman (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0442\u043c\u0430\u043d, transliterated: Natan Isayevich Altman; December 22 [O.S. December 10] 1889 \u2013 December 12, 1970) was a Russian and Soviet avant-garde artist, Cubist painter, stage designer and book illustrator.", "Q209684": "John Field (26 July 1782, baptised 30 September 1782 \u2013 23 January 1837) was an Irish pianist, composer, and teacher. Field is best known as the inventor of the nocturne, but there is evidence to suggest that this is a posthumous accolade. He is mentioned in passing in War and Peace when Countess Rostova calls on the Rostov household musician to play her favourite nocturne.He was born in Dublin into a musical family, and received his early education there, in particular with the immigrant Tommaso Giordani. The Fields soon moved to London, where Field studied under Muzio Clementi. Under his tutelage, Field quickly became a famous and sought-after concert pianist. Together, master and pupil visited Paris, Vienna, and St. Petersburg. Ambiguity surrounds Field's decision to remain in the former Russian capital, but it is likely that Field acted as a sales representative for the Clementi Pianos. \nField was very highly regarded by his contemporaries and his playing and compositions influenced many major composers, including Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin, Johannes Brahms, Robert Schumann, and Franz Liszt. Although little is known of Field in Russia, he undoubtedly contributed substantially to concerts and teaching, and to the development of the Russian piano school.Notable students include Prussian pianist and composer Charles Mayer, the Franco-Russian composer Alexandre Dubuque, and Polish pianist and composer Antoine de Kontski.\nSee: List of music students by teacher: C to F#John Field.", "Q465511": "Andrew Peter Napolitano (born June 6, 1950) is an American syndicated columnist whose work appears in numerous publications including The Washington Times and Reason. He is an analyst for Fox News, commenting on legal news and trials.\nNapolitano served as a New Jersey Superior Court judge from 1987 to 1995. He was a visiting professor at Brooklyn Law School. He has written nine books on legal and political subjects.", "Q794550": "Arthemesia was a Finnish black metal band active between 1994 and 2010. The band derives their name from Artemisia absinthium, Latin for wormwood, thought to have many spiritual qualities. Their music mainly concerns a projection of the band's philosophy, namely glorification of the occult and Satanism, but also nature and Shamanism.\nThe band was formed in 1994, originally under the name Celestial Agony, by vocalist Valtias Mustatuuli and guitarist Routa, but did not record their first demo until 1998, by which time the band included Jari \"Arbaal\" M\u00e4enp\u00e4\u00e4 (guitar), Jukka-Pekka Miettinen (bass), and Oliver Fokin (drums). The band's first album, Devs Iratvs was compiled from several demos they had recorded prior to its release in 2001. A first proper studio album, ShamaNatahs, was released in 2004. M\u00e4enp\u00e4\u00e4 left to form a new band named Wintersun.\n\n", "Q118057": "Johann Timotheus Hermes (31 May 1738 \u2013 24 July 1821) was a German poet, novelist and Protestant theologian.\n\n", "Q64402": "Freienwil is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q329226": "Cecil Gant (April 4, 1913 \u2013 February 4, 1951) was an American blues singer, songwriter and pianist, whose recordings of both ballads and \"fiery piano rockers\" were successful in the mid- and late 1940s, and influenced the early development of rock and roll. His biggest hit was the 1944 ballad, \"I Wonder\".", "Q3181008": "John White Hughes Bassett, (August 25, 1915 \u2013 April 27, 1998) was a Canadian media proprietor and politician.\nBorn in Ottawa, Ontario, he was the son of John Bassett (1886\u20131958), publisher of the Montreal Gazette, and Marion Avery (n\u00e9e Wright).\n\n", "Q360140": "Luis Miguel Valdez (born June 26, 1940) is an American playwright, actor, writer and film director. Regarded as the father of Chicano theater in the United States, Valdez is best known for his play Zoot Suit, his movie La Bamba, and his creation of El Teatro Campesino. A pioneer in the Chicano Movement, Valdez broadened the scope of theatre and arts of the Chicano community.", "Q87941": "Carl Martin Rudolf M\u00f6hner (11 August 1921 \u2013 14 January 2005) was an Austrian film actor. He appeared in more than 40 films between 1949 and 1976. He was born in Vienna, Austria, and died in McAllen, Texas from Parkinson's disease. His most famous role was as Ernst Lindemann, Captain of the Bismarck in the 1960 film Sink the Bismarck! opposite Kenneth More.", "Q158473": "The Wedding (Russian: \u0421\u0432\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0431\u0430, romanized: Svadba, French: La noce) is a 2000 French-Russian comedy film directed by Pavel Lungin. It was entered into the 2000 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q62073": "Walter Moers (born 24 May 1957 in M\u00f6nchengladbach) is a German comic creator and author.", "Q742670": "Assistens Cemetery (Danish: Assistens Kirkeg\u00e5rd) in Copenhagen, Denmark, is the burial site of many Danish notables as well as an important greenspace in the N\u00f8rrebro district. Inaugurated in 1760, it was originally a burial site for the poor laid out to relieve the crowded graveyards inside the walled city, but during the Golden Age in the first half of the 19th century it became fashionable and many leading figures of the epoch, such as Hans Christian Andersen, S\u00f8ren Kierkegaard, Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, and Christen K\u00f8bke are all buried here.\nLate in the 19th century, as Assistens Cemetery had itself become crowded, a number of new cemeteries were established around Copenhagen, including Vestre Cemetery, but up through the 20th century it has continued to attract notables. Among the latter are the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Niels Bohr and a number of American jazz musicians who settled in Copenhagen during the 1950s and 1960s, including Ben Webster and Kenny Drew.\nAn assistenskirkeg\u00e5rd (meaning \"assistance cemetery\") is originally a generic term in Danish, used to refer to cemeteries which were laid out to assist existing burial sites, usually those located in urban settings in connection with churches, and therefore a number of cemeteries by the same name are found around Denmark.\nThe cemetery is one of five run by Copenhagen Municipality; the other cemeteries are Vestre Cemetery, Br\u00f8nsh\u00f8j Cemetery, Sundby Cemetery, and Bispebjerg Cemetery.", "Q86487": "Frederic Morton (October 5, 1924 \u2013 April 20, 2015) was an Austrian-born American writer.\nBorn Fritz Mandelbaum in Vienna, Morton was the son of a blacksmith who specialized in forging (manufacturing) imperial medals. In the wake of the Anschluss of 1938, his father was arrested, but later released. The family fled to Britain in 1939 and migrated to New York City the next year, when the senior Mandelbaum also changed the family name in order to be able to join an anti-Semitic labor union.\nMorton worked as a baker but began studying literature in 1949. He returned to Austria in 1962 to marry his fianc\u00e9e, Marcia, whom he had met at college.\nFrom 1959, Morton worked as a columnist for several American periodicals including The New York Times, Esquire, and Playboy. He died at the Hilton hotel in Vienna at the age of 90 on April 20, 2015.", "Q101506": "Johann Bernhard Vermehren (6 June 1777 in L\u00fcbeck \u2013 29 November 1803 in Jena) was an early Romantic poet and scholar.\nHe earned a doctoral degree in philosophy from the University of Jena in 1799, obtaining habilitation one year later and teaching as Privatdozent until his early death from scarlet fever.\nHis first poems appeared in Friedrich Schiller's Musenalmanach. The appearance in 1800 of his ten Letters on a Reassessment of Friedrich Schlegel's \"Lucinde\" brought him to the attention of the author in question; however, in general, criticism of the 350-page work was biting, and it was quickly superseded by Friedrich Schleiermacher's Vertraute Briefe (\"Familiar letters\") on the same subject. With Schlegel's assistance, Vermehren produced two issues of his own Musenalmanach, the first at Leipzig in 1802 and the second at Jena the next year. They contained fifteen poems by Schlegel and the work of Sophie Mereau (1770\u20131806), Stephan August Winkelmann (1780\u20131806), Klopstock and H\u00f6lderlin.\nFamily tradition ascribed to him the book Jesus, wie er lebte und lehrte which was published in Halle in 1799, and in the last year of his life he wrote a fairy-tale, \"Schloss Rosenthal\" (\"Rosenthal Castle\"). On 2 December 1803, Goethe mentioned the death slightingly in a letter to Schiller: \"Poor Vermehren has died. Probably he would still be living had he continued writing his mediocre verse. The post office job has proved fatal.\"\nVermehren married on 20 April 1801. His wife was Henriette Eber, twelve years older, a widow of the Jena Postmaster and daughter of the privy councillor Prof. Johann Ludwig von Eckardt (1732\u20131800). They had one son, Johann Bernhard Vermehren, who would become a privy councillor in the Supreme Court of Appeals for the Ernestine duchies. After Vermehren's death, Henriette (died 1842) married the mathematician Johann Heinrich Voigt (1751\u20131823).", "Q713359": "Gilbert Sandford Vernam (3 April 1890 \u2013 7 February 1960) was a Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1914 graduate and AT&T Bell Labs engineer who, in 1917, invented an additive polyalphabetic stream cipher and later co-invented an automated one-time pad cipher. Vernam proposed a teleprinter cipher in which a previously prepared key, kept on paper tape, is combined character by character with the plaintext message to produce the ciphertext. To decipher the ciphertext, the same key would be again combined character by character, producing the plaintext. \nVernam later worked for the Postal Telegraph Company, and became an employee of Western Union when that company acquired Postal in 1943. His later work was largely with automatic switching systems for telegraph networks.", "Q311961": "Anis Mohamed Youssef Ferchichi (Arabic: \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0634\u064a\u200e; born 28 September 1978 in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia), better known by his aliases Bushido and Sonny Black, is a German rapper, hip-hop producer, entrepreneur and co-founder of record label ersguterjunge of Tunisian descent. Born in Bonn and raised by a single mother in Berlin, Tempelhof, Ferchichi came in contact with hip-hop through graffiti and his friend and fellow rapper Fler. Ferchichi released his demo, King of KingZ in 2001, which later led him to sign a record label deal with Aggro Berlin. Ferchichi's first official release was Carlo Cokxxx Nutten, released in October 2002, a collobaration with Fler. His first solo release, Vom Bordstein bis zur Skyline (2003) peaked at number 88 in Germany.", "Q167683": "John Liman Hamburg (born May 26, 1970) is an American screenwriter, film director and producer.\n\n", "Q311626": "Sophie Scholl \u2013 The Final Days (German: Sophie Scholl \u2013 Die letzten Tage) is a 2005 German historical drama film directed by Marc Rothemund and written by Fred Breinersdorfer. It is about the last days in the life of Sophie Scholl, a 21-year-old member of the anti-Nazi non-violent student resistance group the White Rose, part of the German Resistance movement. She was found guilty of high treason by the People\u2019s Court and executed the same day, 22 February 1943.\nThe film was presented at the 55th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2005 and won Silver Bear awards for Best Director and Best Actress (Julia Jentsch). It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.", "Q514505": "Ilaria Alpi (May 24, 1961 in Rome \u2013 March 20, 1994 in Mogadishu) was an Italian journalist killed in Mogadishu, Somalia together with her camera operator Miran Hrovatin. In 2009 Francesco Fonti, a former 'Ndrangheta member, claimed that Ilaria Alpi and her cameraman were murdered because they had seen toxic waste shipped by the 'Ndrangheta arrive in Bosaso, Somalia.At the time of her murder, she was following a case of weapon and illegal toxic waste traffic in which she believed also the Italian Army and other institutions were involved. Alpi was born in Rome and worked for Italian public television broadcaster RAI.\nIn the 2002 movie Ilaria Alpi - Il pi\u00f9 crudele dei giorni, directed by Ferdinando Vincentini Ornagni, she is portrayed by Giovanna Mezzogiorno.\n\n", "Q446257": "Jean-Marc Montera is a French guitarist, mainly active in the experimental music scene. Besides being active as a musician, he's also the director of the organisation GRIM, that organises concerts, festivals, workshops and artist in residence projects in Marseille.\nMontera is active as a player since the 70s and has done collaborations with artists like Fred Frith, Andr\u00e9 Jaume, Barre Phillips, Yves Robert, Loren Mazzacane Connors, Thurston Moore, Lee Ranaldo, Louis Sclavis, Hifiklub, Michel Doneda. And in the theater, dance and visual art scenes with people like Sarah Kane, Biljana Srbljanovi\u0107, Jean-Claude Berutti, Odile Duboc, Sandy Amerio. In 1978 he raised the organisation GRIM (Groupe de recherche et d'improvisation musicales, roughly translated: Group of Search and Musical Improvisation) of which is the director up until present time.\nIn 2001 he started an ensemble Treatise de Cornelius Cardew with Chris Cutler (ex-Henry Cow), Thomas Lehn and H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Breschand. In 2006 he performed in a guitar trio with No\u00ebl Akchot\u00e9 and Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Pauvros.", "Q87606": "Sebastian Str\u00f6bel (born 2 February 1977) is a German film and TV actor. He is best known for his performance as Jan Brenner in the TV Series Countdown \u2013 Die Jagd beginnt (Countdown \u2013 The hunt begins).", "Q45553": "Robert J. Wilke (May 18, 1914 \u2013 March 28, 1989) was an American film and television actor noted primarily for his roles as villains, mostly in Westerns.", "Q255716": "Edwin Thomas Meredith (December 23, 1876 \u2013 June 17, 1928) was an American entrepreneur, founder of the Meredith Corporation and also served as the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture in President Woodrow Wilson's administration.", "Q194694": "Timex Social Club is an American R&B group, formed in 1982 and best known for the 1986 hit single \"Rumors\".", "Q129315": "Tola Mankiewicz\u00f3wna (8 May 1900 \u2013 27 October 1985) was a Polish singer and actress.", "Q4671098": "The Academia Venezolana de la Lengua (Spanish for Venezuelan Academy of Language) is an association of academics and experts on Venezuelan Spanish, the variant of the Spanish language in Venezuela. It was founded in Caracas on July 26, 1883. It is a member of the Association of Spanish Language Academies.", "Q440626": "Maria das Gra\u00e7as Foster (n\u00e9e Silva; pronunciation ; born 26 August 1953), commonly known as Gra\u00e7a Foster, is a Brazilian business executive and chemical engineer. She was the CEO of Petrobras-Petr\u00f3leo Brasil, Brazil's state-controlled oil company, which is located in Rio de Janeiro. She was the first woman in the world to head a major oil-and-gas company. In April 2012, she was listed on the Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. In 2014, she was recognized as the 16th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes Magazine. She was ranked by Fortune magazine in 2013 as the Most Powerful Woman in Business (outside the U.S.) for the second year in a row.", "Q1767756": "Second City Television, commonly shortened to SCTV, is a Canadian television sketch comedy show that ran between 1976 and 1984. It was created as an offshoot from Toronto's Second City troupe. It is a rare example of a Canadian show that moved successfully to American TV. SCTV Network is available on terrestrial network, cable, and satellite.", "Q438945": "Carole Eastman (February 19, 1934 \u2013 February 13, 2004) was an American actress and screenwriter. Among her credits were screenplays for Monte Hellman's The Shooting (1967), Bob Rafelson's Five Easy Pieces (1970) (for which she was nominated for an Academy Award along with co-writer Rafelson), and Mike Nichols\u2019s The Fortune (1975). She occasionally used the pseudonyms \"Adrien Joyce\" and \"A.L. Appling\".\n\n", "Q95202": "Ruth Isabel Moschner (born April 11, 1976) is a German TV presenter and comedian. She was a judge in the first season of Das Supertalent, the German version of Britain's Got Talent, but was replaced by Sylvie van der Vaart in the second season. She also appeared in Big Brother Germany and the comedy show Freitag Nacht News. In 2006, she won a German version of the Dancing on Ice. She has twice been nominated for the Deutschen Comedy-Preis.", "Q28783": "Michael Buffer (born November 2, 1944) is an American ring announcer or \"MC\" for boxing and professional wrestling matches. He is known for his trademarked catchphrase, \"Let's get ready to rumble!\", and for pioneering a distinctive announcing style in which he rolls certain letters and adds other inflections to a fighter's name. His half-brother is UFC announcer Bruce Buffer.", "Q1383155": "John Young Campbell (born May 17, 1958) is a British-American economist. He is the Morton L. and Carole S. Olshan Professor of Economics at the Department of Economics at Harvard University.", "Q132053": "Puni Puni Poemy (\u3077\u306b\u3077\u306b\u2606\u307d\u3048\u307f\u3043, Puni Puni \u2606 Poemii) is a Japanese two-part original video animation spin-off from the Excel Saga manga and anime television series It features some of that series' secondary characters and many of its staff, primarily director Shinichi Watanabe. Like Excel Saga, it is a parody of other anime, manga and various aspects of popular culture, though in this case with the magical girl genre providing its primary focus and general structure. The series was originally an in-joke from an episode of Excel Saga; Watanabe decided to take the in-joke to its most extreme logical conclusion, creating the series.", "Q893785": "Boris Souvarine (1895 \u2013 1 November 1984), also known as Varine, was a French Marxist communist activist, essayist and journalist.\nA founding member of the French Communist Party, Souvarine is noted for being the only non-Russian communist to have been a member of the Comintern for three years in succession. He famously authored the first biography of Joseph Stalin, published in 1935 as Staline, Aper\u00e7u Historique du Bolch\u00e9visme (Stalin, Historic Overview of Bolshevism) and kept close correspondence with Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky until their deaths.His anticonformism and early criticism of Stalin made him break away from the party in 1924. In the decades that followed, Souvarine continued publishing as a leading Sovietologist and anti-Stalinist. He was also the founder of the Institute of Social History and an author, historian, publisher and journalist.\n\n", "Q654827": "Flaminio Bertoni (Masnago, Italy, 10 January 1903 \u2013 Paris, France, 7 February 1964) was an Italian automobile designer from the years preceding World War II until his death in 1964. Before his work in industrial design, Bertoni was a sculptor.Working at Citro\u00ebn for decades, Bertoni designed the Traction Avant (1934), 2CV, the H van, the DS, and the Ami 6. The DS was often exhibited at industrial design showcases, such as the 1957 Milan Triennale Exposition. \nThe province of Varese dedicated a museum to his memory. It opened in May 2007.", "Q48077": "Semyon Konstantinovich Kurkotkin (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u0301\u043d \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043d; February 13, 1917 \u2013 September 16, 1990) was appointed Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1983.\nHe commanded the Transcaucasus Military District in 1968\u20131971 and the Soviet forces stationed in East Germany since 1971. Kurkotkin was appointed Assistant Minister of Defense in 1972.\nKurkotkin was born near Moscow and attended a technical college in the capital before joining the Red Army in 1937. He completed the Oryol tank school in 1939 and a political school in 1941.\nDuring World War II Kurkotkin fought in the armoured corps rising to become a brigade commander. Kurkotkin fought with the Voronezh Front and later the 1st Ukrainian Front.\nAfter the war Lieutenant Colonel Kurkotkin attended the Malinovsky Armoured Forces Academy and became a tank division commander in 1951. He completed the General Staff Academy in 1958 and was promoted to General.\nHe commanded the Transcaucasus Military District in 1968\u20131971 and the Group of Soviet forces, stationed in East Germany (1971/72). Kurkotkin was appointed Assistant Minister of Defense in 1972 in charge of rear echelon areas. In 1988 he became one of the Inspector Generals of the Soviet Army.", "Q442031": "Gunnel Vallquist (19 June 1918 \u2013 11 January 2016) was a Swedish writer and translator. Born in Stockholm, Vallquist was elected a member of the Swedish Academy in 1982. Vallquist was a member of the Catholic Church and wrote several essays on Catholic religion in contemporary times, among them reports from the Second Vatican Council. She translated the seven-piece novel In Search of Lost Time by Marcel Proust into Swedish (1965\u20131982).", "Q58264": "Dipu Moni (born 8 December 1965) is a Bangladeshi politician who is serving Bangladesh Government as the Minister of Education of Bangladesh since January 2019. She served Bangladesh as Foreign Minister of Bangladesh from 2009 to 2013. She was appointed the first female Foreign Minister on 6 January 2009 after a landslide victory for the Awami League-led Grand Alliance on 29 December 2008.", "Q314986": "S\u00fcdfriedhof (German: South Cemetery) is, with an area of 82 hectares, the largest cemetery in Leipzig. It is located in the south of Leipzig in the immediate vicinity of the V\u00f6lkerschlachtdenkmal. The S\u00fcdfriedhof is, along with the Ohlsdorf Cemetery in Hamburg and the S\u00fcdwestkirchfriedhof Stahnsdorf in Berlin, the largest park-like cemetery in Germany.", "Q69907": "Hans von Tschammer und Osten (25 October 1887 \u2013 25 March 1943) was a German sport official, SA leader and a member of the Reichstag for the Nazi Party of Nazi Germany. He was married to Sophie Margarethe von Carlowitz.\nHans von Tschammer und Osten led the German Sports Office Deutscher Reichsausschuss f\u00fcr Leibes\u00fcbungen (DRA) \"German Reich Commission for Physical Exercise\" after the Nazi seizure of power in 1933. In July the same year Hans von Tschammer took the title of Reichssportf\u00fchrer, \"Reich Sports Leader\", and the whole sports sphere in Germany was placed under his control. He re-established the organization he led, transforming it into the Sports governing body of the Third Reich, Deutscher Reichsbund f\u00fcr Leibes\u00fcbungen (DRL) \"Sports League of the German Reich\". In 1937 it was renamed Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund f\u00fcr Leibes\u00fcbungen \"National-Socialist Sports League of the German Reich\".\nvon Tschammer held the high-profile post of Reichssportf\u00fchrer until his death in 1943.\nThe name of today's DFB-Pokal, Deutscher Fu\u00dfball-Bund-Pokal \"German Football-Federation Cup\", first contested in the 1934-35 season during von Tschammer's tenure as Reichssportf\u00fchrer, was known as Hans von Tschammer und Osten-Pokal (\"Tschammerpokal\") until it was last played in Nazi Germany in 1943. Many other innovative improvements regarding the organization of sports events that von Tschammer's formidable Reich Sports Organ introduced, like the Olympic torch relay, are still in use today.", "Q172311": "Sam Posey (born May 26, 1944, in New York City, New York) is a retired American racing driver and sports broadcast journalist.", "Q84469": "Daniel Czepko von Reigersfeld (1605\u20131660) was a German Lutheran poet and dramatist, known for his mystical verse influenced by Jacob B\u00f6hme. \"Czepko\" was his family name, so he is commonly known as Daniel Czepko.", "Q76827": "Intimacy is a 2001 film directed by Patrice Ch\u00e9reau, starring Mark Rylance and Kerry Fox. It is an international co-production among production companies in France, the U.K., Germany, and Spain featuring a soundtrack of pop songs from the 1970s and 1980s. It was written by Ch\u00e9reau with Anne-Louise Trividic, based on stories by Hanif Kureishi (who also wrote a novel of the same title). This mainstream-defined film contains an unsimulated fellatio scene by Fox on Rylance. A French-dubbed version features voice actors Jean-Hugues Anglade and Nathalie Richard.\nThe film has been associated with the New French Extremity.\n\n", "Q93115": "Tom DeMarco (born August 20, 1940) is an American software engineer, author, and consultant on software engineering topics. He was an early developer of structured analysis in the 1970s.", "Q123638": "Carlo De Benedetti (born 14 November 1934) is an Italian industrialist, engineer and publisher. He is both an Italian and naturalized Swiss citizen.He was awarded the Order of Merit for Labour by the Italian state in 1983, the Medaglia d'oro ai benemeriti della cultura e dell'arte (Gold medal of culture and art) and the Legion d'Honneur in 1987.De Benedetti is chairman of the Rodolfo De Benedetti Foundation (Fondazione Rodolfo Debenedetti) in Milan, which he founded in 1998 in memory of his father. It promotes research into economic policy decisions regarding the labor market and welfare systems in Europe.He is currently married to the former actress Silvia Monti.", "Q256579": "Jane March Horwood (born 20 March 1973) is an English film actress and former model.", "Q85777": "Ludwig von Flotow, after 1919 known simply as Ludwig Flotow (17 November 1867 in Vienna - 6 April 1948 in Gmunden) was an Austro-Hungarian statesman. He was the last Chairman of the Ministers' Council for Common Affairs, having served from 2 November 1918 until 11 November 1918.", "Q241005": "Christa Ludwig (born 16 March 1928) is a retired German dramatic mezzo-soprano, distinguished for her performances of opera, Lieder, oratorio, and other major religious works like masses and passions, and solos contained in symphonic literature. Her career spanned from the late 1940s until the early 1990s. She is widely recognised as one of the most significant and distinguished singers of the 20th century, \"with a voice of exquisite richness and, when needed breathtaking amplitude.\"", "Q665344": "Dmitry Vladimirovich Venevitinov (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432; 26 September [O.S. 14 September] 1805 \u2013 March 27 [O.S. March 15] 1827) was a minor Russian Romantic poet who died (perhaps committed suicide) at the age of 21, carrying with him one of the greatest hopes of Russian literature. He was one of the Russian Schellingians.\n\n", "Q7335169": "Super Junior-D&E (Korean: \uc288\ud37c\uc8fc\ub2c8\uc5b4-\ub3d9\ud574&\uc740\ud601, also known as Donghae&Eunhyuk, D&E or SJ-D&E) is the fifth official sub-unit of the South Korean boy band Super Junior. Formed by SM Entertainment in 2011, the group is composed of two Super Junior members: Donghae and Eunhyuk. The duo debuted on December 16, 2011, with their digital single \"Oppa, Oppa\".", "Q105199": "Johann Matth\u00e4us Meyfart, also Johann Matthaeus Meyfahrt, Mayfart (9 November 1590 \u2013 26 January 1642) was a German Lutheran theologist, educator, academic teacher, hymn writer and minister. He was an opponent fighter of witch trials.", "Q434819": "Cara Elizabeth DeLizia (born April 10, 1984) is an American actress and voice actress. She is best known for her role as Fiona \"Fi\" Phillips in the Disney Channel Original Series So Weird. She is the younger sister of Melissa DeLizia, and the youngest daughter of James DeLizia and Sherry DeLizia.", "Q341777": "\u010c\u00e1slav (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0283a\u02d0slaf]; German: Tschaslau, Hungarian: Cs\u00e1szl\u00f3) is a town in eastern part of Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.", "Q291754": "Aneliya Georgieva Atanasova (Bulgarian: \u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0410\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430, born July 1, 1982), known professionally as Anelia (or Aneliya) (Bulgarian: \u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f), is a Bulgarian pop-folk singer. She gained popularity in Bulgaria with her second single \"\u041f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\" (English: Look Me In The Eyes), released in 2002. Throughout her career, 23 of her singles have topped the Bulgarian music charts which makes her one of the most successful recording female artists in Bulgarian music. In 2012, for the first time in her career, Anelia won the Artist of the Year award at the Annual Music Awards of Planeta TV.", "Q1061168": "Champian Fulton (born September 12, 1985) is an American jazz singer and pianist.\n\n", "Q978056": "George Henry Mackenzie (24 March 1837, North Kessock, Scotland \u2013 14 April 1891, New York City) was a Scottish-born American chess master.", "Q224689": "Saigy\u014d H\u014dshi (\u897f\u884c\u6cd5\u5e2b, 1118 \u2013 March 23, 1190) was a famous Japanese poet of the late Heian and early Kamakura period.", "Q255070": "Diane Colleen Lane (born January 22, 1965) is an Oscar nominated American actress and producer. Born and raised in New York City, Lane made her screen debut in George Roy Hill's 1979 film A Little Romance.\nShe has since appeared in several notable films, including the 2002 film Unfaithful, which earned her Satellite, New York Film Critics Circle, and National Society of Film Critics awards for Best Actress in a Motion Picture (Drama). Her performance in Unfaithful also garnered her Academy Award, Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Best Actress.\nLane has starred in The Outsiders (1983), Knight Moves (1992), Judge Dredd (1995), A Walk on the Moon (1999), The Perfect Storm (2000), Under the Tuscan Sun (2003), Cinema Verite (2011), Inside Out (2015), Trumbo (2015), and in the sixth season of House of Cards. She played Martha Kent in Man of Steel (2013), Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), and Justice League (2017).", "Q742089": "Mikhail Grigorievich Chernyayev (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0432) (3 November / 22 October 1828, Bender, Bessarabia Governorate \u2013 16 August 1898) was a Russian general, who, together with Konstantin Kaufman and Mikhail Skobelev, directed the Russian conquest of Central Asia during the reign of Csar Alexander II.", "Q168349": "World Without End is an eight-episode 2012 television miniseries based on the novel of the same name by Ken Follett. It is a sequel to the 2010 miniseries The Pillars of the Earth, also based on a Follett novel. World Without End is set 150 years after The Pillars of the Earth and chronicles the experiences of the English town of Kingsbridge during the start of the Hundred Years' War and the outbreak of the Black Death. The cast is led by Cynthia Nixon, Miranda Richardson, Ben Chaplin, Peter Firth, Charlotte Riley, and Tom Weston-Jones. The miniseries varies significantly from the novel in both the plot and characterizations.\nFilming took place in Hungary, Slovakia and Austria. John Pielmeier adapted the screenplay and Michael Caton-Jones directed all eight episodes.", "Q1556241": "Sir Gustav Victor Joseph Nossal, , FRS (born 4 June 1931) is a distinguished Australian research biologist. He is famous for his contributions to the fields of antibody formation and immunological tolerance.\n\n", "Q1414700": "Yves Ducharme (born c. 1958 in Montreal) was the mayor of Hull, Quebec, in the Outaouais region, from 1992 to 2002 and from 2002 to 2005 mayor of Gatineau after the city had been merged with its neighbours, part of the supra-organization the Communaut\u00e9 Urbaine de l'Outaouais. He was defeated in an election in 2005 by Marc Bureau and decided to quit municipal politics. He became president of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities.He first entered municipal politics in 1986 and was elected mayor of Hull in 1992. He was re-elected a number of times until 2002 Hull was forced to merge with the surrounding cities of Gatineau, Aylmer, Buckingham and Masson-Angers. The bigger city was named Gatineau and Ducharme became its first mayor in 2002 after beating Gatineau's former mayor Robert Labine in the election. In 2005 his reign came to end when he lost to first-time candidate, fellow councilor Marc Bureau, who won 68% of the vote, in an election in which the participation rate was 47,3%.", "Q575689": "Kourtney Mary Kardashian (born April 18, 1979) is an American media personality, socialite, and model. In 2007, she and her family began starring in the reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians. Its success led to the creation of spin-offs including Kourtney and Khlo\u00e9 Take Miami and Kourtney and Kim Take New York.With sisters Kim and Khlo\u00e9, Kourtney is involved in the retail and fashion industries. They have launched several clothing collections and fragrances, and additionally released the book Kardashian Konfidential in 2010. Kourtney launched her own website called 'Poosh' in early 2019.\nKourtney and her siblings are popular on social media and endorse products such as waist slimming pants, beauty products, Coca-Cola and prescription drugs, for which they are paid (as of 2016) between $75,000 and $300,000 per post on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter, as per CBC Marketplace.", "Q504070": "Viktor Ivanovich Belenko (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, born 15 February 1947) is a former Soviet pilot who defected to the West while flying his MiG-25 \"Foxbat\" jet fighter and landed in Hakodate, Japan. George H. W. Bush, the Director of Central Intelligence at the time, called the opportunity to examine the plane up close an \"intelligence bonanza\" for the West. Belenko later became a U.S. aerospace engineer.", "Q446531": "Aleksandr Sergeyevich Ivanchenkov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432; born 28 September 1940 ) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz 29 and Soyuz T-6, he spent 147 days, 12 hours and 37 minutes in space.", "Q979348": "Derk Jan Eppink (born 7 November 1958) is a Dutch journalist, politician in Belgium and the Netherlands, and former cabinet secretary for European Commissioners Bolkestein (1999\u20132004) and Kallas (2004\u20132007). In 2009, he was elected to the European Parliament for List Dedecker, and in 2019 for Forum for Democracy. He sits on the European Conservatives and Reformists Group Executive.\nEppink was born in Steenderen, Gelderland. He studied Dutch law at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (1977\u20131981) and thereafter European law and International Politics at the University of Amsterdam. In 1984 he moved to Brussels to become trainee at the European Commission. Thereafter he worked for 3 years as assistant to Members of the European Parliament.\nIn 1987, Derk Jan Eppink joined the Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad where he was assigned to the foreign desk. He covered South Africa, worked as correspondent in Poland and became political editor reporting on Dutch politics in The Hague. In 1995, he moved to the Flemish newspaper De Standaard where he reported on Belgian politics. He wrote two books on his experiences in Belgian politics: Vreemde Buren (Odd neighbors), Avonturen van een Nederbelg (Adventures of a Nederbelg).\nIn October 1999, he started working as member of cabinet of Dutch European Commissioner Frits Bolkestein. He was Bolkestein\u2019s liaison with the European Parliament, speechwriter and also assigned to liberalization of postal markets. In 2004, in co-operation with Bolkestein, he published the book The Limits of Europe. In October 2004 Eppink joined the cabinet of Siim Kallas, European Commissioner from Estonia, responsible for administration, audit and anti-fraud. In March 2007 Eppink published his book Life of a European Mandarin describing his experiences in the European Commission. A lecture he gave about this subject and about the European Union in general, at the Roosevelt Academy on 14 November 2007.\nThe book has been published in Dutch, French, English, Estonian, and Czech.\nIn 2007 Eppink moved to New York City as his wife worked for the United Nations. He reported on the 2008 American presidential election for Flemish magazines Knack and Trends. He wrote a column on foreign affairs for Dutch weekly Elsevier and is contributor to various Dutch and Flemish radio and television programs, like VRT, Aktua-TV, NOS Met het Oog op Morgen, RTL Business Class. He wrote in 2011-2012 a column for NRC Handelsblad and since 2013 he writes for De Volkskrant.\nHis speeches on video can be retrieved through the Roosevelt Academy in Middelburg, the University of Maastricht, the University of Mississippi and Mississippi National Public Radio.\nIn January 2007, Eppink received the 2006 Prize of Liberty from the Flemish libertarian think tank Nova Civitas.\nIn 2009, Eppink returned to Belgium to run for the European Parliament for the List Dedecker party. He shares similar views to the party's leader Jean-Marie Dedecker.In an article in November 2013, Eppink made the point that fiscal consolidation in Ireland had worked well, and that the breakdown in Greece could not be blamed on so-called 'austerity'.Not re-elected in 2014, since July 2019 he has been a member of the European Parliament for the Dutch right wing party Forum for Democracy.", "Q298016": "Freddie Dalton Thompson (August 19, 1942 \u2013 November 1, 2015) was an American politician, attorney, lobbyist, columnist, actor and radio personality. Thompson, a Republican, served in the United States Senate representing Tennessee from 1994 to 2003, and was a Republican presidential candidate in 2008.\nThompson served as chairman of the International Security Advisory Board at the United States Department of State, was a member of the U.S.\u2013China Economic and Security Review Commission, a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and was a Visiting Fellow with the American Enterprise Institute, specializing in national security and intelligence.As an actor, Thompson appeared in a number of movies and television shows including The Hunt for Red October, Die Hard 2, In the Line of Fire, and Cape Fear, as well as in commercials. He frequently portrayed governmental authority figures and military men. In the final months of his U.S. Senate term in 2002, Thompson joined the cast of the NBC television series Law & Order, playing Manhattan District Attorney Arthur Branch.", "Q53457": "Casimir III Piast, the Great (Polish: Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 \u2013 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He was the third son of King W\u0142adys\u0142aw I (\"the Elbow-high\") and Duchess Jadwiga of Kalisz, and the last Polish king from the Piast dynasty.Casimir inherited a kingdom weakened by war and made it prosperous and wealthy. He reformed the Polish army and doubled the size of the kingdom. He reformed the judicial system and introduced a legal code, gaining the title \"the Polish Justinian\". Casimir built extensively and founded the University of Krak\u00f3w, the oldest Polish university. He also confirmed privileges and protections previously granted to Jews and encouraged them to settle in Poland in great numbers.Casimir left no lawful male heir to his throne, producing only daughters. When he died in 1370 from an injury received while hunting, his nephew, King Louis I of Hungary, succeeded him as king of Poland in personal union with Hungary.", "Q449602": "Glenne Aimee Headly (March 13, 1955 \u2013 June 8, 2017) was an American actress. She was widely known for her roles in Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, Dick Tracy, and Mr. Holland's Opus. Headly received a Theatre World Award and four Joseph Jefferson Awards and was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards.In 2017, she starred in The Circle and Just Getting Started, the latter marking her final film role, released six months after her death. She also starred with Ed Begley Jr. and Josh Hutcherson in Future Man, Hulu's half-hour comedy television series produced by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg; she died on June 8, 2017, mid-way through filming the series.", "Q253401": "Tuba B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00fcst\u00fcn (Turkish pronunciation: [tu\u02d0\u02c8ba\u02d0 byjykys\u02c8tyn]; born 5 July 1982) is a Turkish actress. Widely considered as one of the most beautiful Turkish actresses, B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00fcst\u00fcn is the recipient of several awards. She is one of Turkey's most popular and highest-paid actresses.", "Q544440": "Filmi (\"of films\") music soundtracks are music produced for India's mainstream motion picture industry and written and performed for Indian cinema. In cinema, music directors make up the main body of composers; the songs are performed by playback singers and the genre represents 72% of the music sales market in India.Filmi music tends to have appeal across India, Nepal and overseas, especially among the Indian diaspora. Songs are often in different languages depending on the target audience, for example in Hindi or Tamil. Playback singers are usually more noted for their ability to sing rather than their charisma as performers. Filmi playback singers level of success and appeal is tied to their involvement with film soundtracks of cinema releases with the highest box office ratings.\nAt the \"Filmi Melody: Song and Dance in Indian Cinema\" archive presentation at UCLA, filmi was praised as a generally more fitting term for the tradition than 'Bombay melody' \" suggesting that the exuberant music and melodrama so closely identified with the Hindi commercial cinema produced in Bombay (Mumbai) is truly pan-Indian.\"", "Q45221": "Herbert Achternbusch (born 23 November 1938 in Munich) is a German writer, painter and filmmaker. His anarchist surrealistic films are not known to a wide audience in Germany, although one of them, Das Gespenst (The Ghost), caused a scandal in 1983 because of its\nalleged blasphemous content. Werner Herzog, a director of the New German Cinema, based his film Heart of Glass on a story by Achternbusch.\nIn 1981, he directed the film Der Neger Erwin, which was entered into the 31st Berlin International Film Festival. The following year, he directed The Ghost, which was entered into the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival. In 1988, his film Wohin? was entered into the 38th Berlin International Film Festival. In 1995, his film Hades was entered into the 45th Berlin International Film Festival.Herbert Achternbusch was awarded the German international literary Petrarca-Preis in 1977, but he declined. In 2010, he was awarded the Kassel Literary Prize. He won the M\u00fclheimer Dramatikerpreis in 1986 and 1994.", "Q170512": "Apuleius (; also called Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis; c. 124 \u2013 c. 170 AD) was a Latin-language prose writer, Platonist philosopher and rhetorician. He was a Numidian who lived under the Roman Empire and was from Madauros (now M'Daourouch, Algeria). He studied Platonism in Athens, travelled to Italy, Asia Minor, and Egypt, and was an initiate in several cults or mysteries. The most famous incident in his life was when he was accused of using magic to gain the attentions (and fortune) of a wealthy widow. He declaimed and then distributed a witty tour de force in his own defense before the proconsul and a court of magistrates convened in Sabratha, near ancient Tripoli, Libya. This is known as the Apologia.\nHis most famous work is his bawdy picaresque novel, the Metamorphoses, otherwise known as The Golden Ass. It is the only Latin novel that has survived in its entirety. Being an immensely sophisticated narrative that opens up various perspectives onto a rich cultural and social life, Metamorphoses was underappreciated until recent decades. It relates the ludicrous adventures of one Lucius, who experiments with magic and is accidentally turned into a donkey. Lucius goes through various adventures before he is turned back into a human being by the goddess Isis.\n\n", "Q90408": "Hartmann Lauterbacher (24 May 1909 in Reutte, Tyrol \u2013 12 April 1988 in Seebruck, Bavaria) was a senior regional leader (Obergebietsf\u00fchrer) of the Hitler Jugend, as well as Gauleiter of South Hanover-Braunschweig and an SS Obergruppenf\u00fchrer. He led a life of extraordinary intrigue after the war.\nA veterinarian's son, he went to the Reformgymnasium in Kufstein and eventually learnt to be a druggist.", "Q7109628": "Otto F. Hoffman (May 2, 1879 \u2013 June 23, 1944) was an American film actor. He appeared in 199 films between 1915 and 1944. He was born in New York City and died in Los Angeles, California from lung cancer. \nHoffman's Broadway credits include The Strange Woman (1913), The Spring Maid (1910), and A Broken Idol (1909). He was also active in stock theater productions.Hoffman debuted in film in 1906 in a production of the Edison Company in New York. Later he worked for Goldwyn Pictures.", "Q2414244": "Masatoshi Shima (\u5d8b \u6b63\u5229, Shima Masatoshi, born August 22, 1943, Shizuoka) is a Japanese electronics engineer. He was one of the architects of the world's first microprocessor, the Intel 4004. Working for Busicom in Japan, in 1968 he did the logic design for a specialized CPU to be translated into three-chip custom chips. In 1969, he worked with Intel's Ted Hoff and Stanley Mazor to reduce the three-chip Busicom proposal into a one-chip architecture. In 1970, that architecture was transformed into a silicon chip, the Intel 4004, by Federico Faggin, with Shima's assistance in logic design.He later joined Intel in 1972. There, he worked with Faggin to develop the Intel 8080, released in 1974. Shima then developed several Intel peripheral chips, some used in the IBM PC, such as the 8259 interrupt controller, 8255 parallel port chip, 8253 timer chip, 8257 direct memory access (DMA) chip and 8251 serial communication USART chip. He then joined Zilog, where he worked with Faggin to develop the Zilog Z80 (1976) and Z8000 (1979).\n\n", "Q1680873": "James Norman Goodier (October 17, 1905 \u2013 November 5, 1969) was professor of applied mechanics at Stanford University known for his work in elasticity and plastic deformation.He was born in Preston, Lancashire, England and studied engineering at Cambridge University. He was awarded a Commonwealth Fund Fellowship which enabled him to continue his studies at the University of Michigan where he earned his doctorate in 1931 under the direction of Stephen Timoshenko with a dissertation titled Compression of Rectangular Blocks, and the Bending of Beams by Nonlinear Distributions of Bending Forces.\nTimoshenko moved to Stanford University in 1936 and Goodier eventually succeeded him there.He was co-author of two classic books in this field:\"Theory of Elasticity,\" with Timoshenko, 1951; and \"Elasticity and Plasticity,\" with P. G.\nHodge, Jr., 1958 and was awarded the Timoshenko Medal by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1961. He was\nchairman of the Applied Mechanics Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers\n1945-46, and was elected Fellow of that Society in 1964. He had more than fifty doctoral students, one of whom was George F. Carrier.", "Q137659": "Joan Coromines i Vigneaux (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8a\u014b ku\u027eu\u02c8min\u0259s]; also frequently spelled Joan Corominas; Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain 1905 \u2013 Pineda de Mar, Catalonia, Spain, 1997) was a linguist who made important contributions to the study of Catalan, Spanish, and other Romance languages.\nHis main works are the Diccionario cr\u00edtico etimol\u00f3gico de la lengua castellana (1954-1957), in four volumes, first version of his etymological dictionary of Spanish (with an abridged version, Breve diccionario etimol\u00f3gico de la lengua castellana, first published in 1961); the Diccionari etimol\u00f2gic i complementari de la llengua catalana, which investigates the origin of most words in the Catalan language (9 volumes); the Onomasticon Cataloniae, documenting place and person names, old and new, in all the Catalan-speaking territories (8 volumes); and the Diccionario cr\u00edtico etimol\u00f3gico castellano e hisp\u00e1nico, the most thorough etymological dictionary of Spanish extant today. Following this research, he\u2014along with Koldo Mitxelena\u2014made key contributions to the study of the Basque language's geographical extent across the Pyrenees during the early Middle Ages.\nCoromines studied at the University of Barcelona, and started working on linguistics from an early age. At the same time, he held strongly Catalanist convictions all his life. He was forced into exile after the Spanish Civil War, eventually holding a professorship at the University of Chicago, in 1948. He returned to Catalonia later, and spent his last years working on his main works: the etymological dictionaries and the Onomasticon.\nHe refused several prizes from the Spanish government, in protest at the treatment of the Catalan language and culture in Spain.\nIn honor of Coromines, in April 2006 the University of Chicago inaugurated the C\u00e0tedra Joan Coromines d'Estudis Catalans, a teaching chair for visiting professors of Catalan language and literature.", "Q788794": "Bainbridge is a city in Decatur County, Georgia, United States. The city is the county seat of Decatur County. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12,697.", "Q1001688": "Buell Kazee (August 29, 1900 - August 31, 1976) was an American country and folk singer. He is considered one of the most successful folk musicians of the 1920s and experienced a career comeback during the American folk music revival of the 1960s due in part to his inclusion on the Anthology of American Folk Music.", "Q287122": "Elisabetta Canalis (Italian pronunciation: [eliza\u02c8b\u025btta ka\u02c8na\u02d0lis]; born 12 September 1978) is an Italian actress, singer and showgirl.", "Q176163": "Count August Do\u0142\u0119ga Cieszkowski (; 12 September 1814 \u2013 12 March 1894) was a Polish philosopher, economist and social and political activist. His Hegelian philosophy influenced the young Karl Marx and action theorists.\n\n", "Q3770321": "Giuseppe Ciarrapico (28 January 1934 \u2013 14 April 2019) was an Italian entrepreneur, publisher and politician. He was president of the football club AS Roma from 1991 and 1993, and a senator of Italy for Silvio Berlusconi's The People of Freedom party in 2008-2012. Ciarrapico was convicted and imprisoned several times due to his involvement in financial scandals.", "Q52985": "Georges Prosper Remi (French: [\u0281\u0259mi]; 22 May 1907 \u2013 3 March 1983), known by the pen name Herg\u00e9 (; French: [\u025b\u0281\u0292e]), was a Belgian cartoonist. He is best known for creating The Adventures of Tintin, the series of comic albums which are considered one of the most popular European comics of the 20th century. He was also responsible for two other well-known series, Quick & Flupke (1930\u20131940) and The Adventures of Jo, Zette and Jocko (1936\u20131957). His works were executed in his distinct ligne claire drawing style.\nBorn to a lower-middle-class family in Etterbeek, Brussels, Herg\u00e9 began his career by contributing illustrations to Scouting magazines, developing his first comic series, The Adventures of Totor, for Le Boy-Scout Belge in 1926. Working for the conservative Catholic newspaper Le Vingti\u00e8me Si\u00e8cle, he created The Adventures of Tintin in 1929 on the advice of its editor Norbert Wallez. Revolving around the actions of boy reporter Tintin and his dog Snowy, the series' early installments \u2014 Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, Tintin in the Congo, and Tintin in America \u2014 were designed as conservative propaganda for children. Domestically successful, after serialisation the stories were published in book form, with Herg\u00e9 continuing the series and also developing both the Quick & Flupke and Jo, Zette and Jocko series for Le Vingti\u00e8me Si\u00e8cle. Influenced by his friend Zhang Chongren, from 1934 Herg\u00e9 placed far greater emphasis on conducting background research for his stories, resulting in increased realism from The Blue Lotus onward. Following the German occupation of Belgium in 1940, Le Vingti\u00e8me Si\u00e8cle was closed, but Herg\u00e9 continued his series in Le Soir, a popular newspaper controlled by the Nazi administration.\nAfter the Allied liberation of Belgium in 1944, Le Soir was shut down and its staff \u2014 including Herg\u00e9 \u2014 accused of having been collaborators. An official investigation was launched, and while no charges were brought against Herg\u00e9, in subsequent years he repeatedly faced accusations of having been a traitor and collaborator. With Raymond Leblanc he established Tintin magazine in 1946, through which he serialised new Adventures of Tintin stories. As the magazine's artistic director, he also oversaw the publication of other successful comics series, such as Edgar P. Jacobs' Blake and Mortimer. In 1950 he established Studios Herg\u00e9 as a team to aid him in his ongoing projects; prominent staff members Jacques Martin and Bob de Moor greatly contributed to subsequent volumes of The Adventures of Tintin. Amid personal turmoil following the collapse of his first marriage, he produced Tintin in Tibet, his personal favourite of his works. In later years he became less prolific, and unsuccessfully attempted to establish himself as an abstract artist.\nHerg\u00e9's works have been widely acclaimed for their clarity of draughtsmanship and meticulous, well-researched plots. They have been the source of a wide range of adaptations, in theatre, radio, television, cinema, and computer gaming. He remains a strong influence on the comic book medium, particularly in Europe. He is widely celebrated in Belgium: a Herg\u00e9 Museum was established in Louvain-la-Neuve in 2009.", "Q124143": "Adolf Wilhelm Theodor Stahr (22 October 1805 \u2013 3 October 1876) was a German writer and literary historian.", "Q83312": "Lobsang Trinley Lh\u00fcndrub Ch\u00f6kyi Gyaltsen, born G\u00f6nbo C\u00ead\u00e4n (19 February 1938 \u2013 28 January 1989), was the tenth Panchen Lama, officially the 10th Panchen Erdeni (Chinese: \u7b2c\u5341\u4e16\u73ed\u7985\u989d\u5c14\u5fb7\u5c3c; literally: 'Number-10-lifetime Great Scholar the Treasure'), of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism. He was often referred to simply as Choekyi Gyaltsen (which can be Choekyi Gyaltse, Choskyi Gyantsen, etc.), although this is also the name of several other notable figures in Tibetan history.", "Q768106": "Joseph Victor O'Connor is an Irish novelist. His 2002 historical novel Star of the Sea was an international number one bestseller. Before success as an author, he was a journalist with the Sunday Tribune newspaper and Esquire magazine. He is a regular contributor to Raidi\u00f3 Teilif\u00eds \u00c9ireann (RT\u00c9) and a member of the Irish artists' association Aosd\u00e1na.\n\n", "Q57625": "Sali Ram Berisha , (Albanian pronunciation: [sa\u02c8li b\u025b\u02c8\u027ei\u0283a]; born 15 October 1944) is an Albanian cardiologist and conservative politician who served as the second President of Albania from 1992 to 1997 and Prime Minister from 2005 to 2013. He was also the leader of the Democratic Party of Albania twice, from 1991 to 1992 and then again from 1997 to 2013. To date, Berisha is the longest-serving democratically elected leader and the only Prime Minister to serve two full terms since the end of Communism.\nA former secretary of the committee of the Party of Labor in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tirana, he abandoned his career as a cardiologist and university professor to become the leader of the Democratic Party in the 1990s. From 1992, after the fall of communism, he served as the first non-Communist President of Albania until his government collapsed in 1997 in the wake of the collapse of notorious pyramid schemes. From 1997 to 2005, Albania was governed by the Socialist Party (PS) for two mandates, while he stayed in opposition.\nIn 2005, the Democratic Party won the general elections, and he became the Prime Minister after his coalition formed the new government. In 2009, he was re-elected Prime Minister, after the Democrats obtained a narrow win in the general elections but were forced into a coalition with the Socialist Movement for Integration (LSI) through not winning enough seats on its own for the first time since the start of multi-party democracy in 1991. In the 2013 election, his government was unseated in an won coalition led by the Socialist Party and the LSI. After the loss he resigned as the leader of the Democratic Party but he continues to be a Member of Parliament as of 2017.", "Q11670": "James Hovis Hodges (born November 19, 1956) is an American businessman, attorney, and politician who served as the 114th Governor of South Carolina from 1999 to 2003. Since his victory in 1998, Hodges has remained the only Democrat elected to the South Carolina Governor's office since the 1982 election.", "Q76833": "Carl Zeiss (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ka\u0250\u032fl \u02c8tsa\u026a\u032fs]; 11 September 1816 \u2013 3 December 1888) was a German scientific instrument maker, optician and businessman who founded the workshop of Carl Zeiss in 1846, which is still in business today as Carl Zeiss AG. Zeiss gathered a group of gifted practical and theoretical opticians and glass makers to reshape most aspects of optical instrument production. His collaboration with Ernst Abbe revolutionized optical theory and practical design of microscopes. Their quest to extend these advances brought Otto Schott into the enterprises to revolutionize optical glass manufacture. The firm of Carl Zeiss grew to one of the largest and most respected optical firms in the world.", "Q719927": "Progressive rock (shortened as prog; sometimes called art rock, classical rock or symphonic rock) is a broad genre of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom and United States throughout the mid- to late 1960s. Initially termed \"progressive pop\", the style was an outgrowth of psychedelic bands who abandoned standard pop traditions in favour of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz, folk, or classical music. Additional elements contributed to its \"progressive\" label: lyrics were more poetic, technology was harnessed for new sounds, music approached the condition of \"art\", and the studio, rather than the stage, became the focus of musical activity, which often involved creating music for listening rather than dancing.\nProg is based on fusions of styles, approaches and genres, involving a continuous move between formalism and eclecticism. Due to its historical reception, prog's scope is sometimes limited to a stereotype of long solos, long albums, fantasy lyrics, grandiose stage sets and costumes, and an obsessive dedication to technical skill. While the genre is often cited for its merging of high culture and low culture, few artists incorporated literal classical themes in their work to any great degree, and only a handful of groups purposely emulated or referenced classical music.\nThe genre coincided with the mid-1960s economic boom that allowed record labels to allocate more creative control to their artists, as well as the new journalistic division between \"pop\" and \"rock\" that lent generic significance to both terms. Prog saw a high level of popularity in the early-to-mid-1970s, but faded soon after. Conventional wisdom holds that the rise of punk rock caused this, but several more factors contributed to the decline. Music critics, who often labelled the concepts as \"pretentious\" and the sounds as \"pompous\" and \"overblown\", tended to be hostile towards the genre or to completely ignore it. After the late 1970s, progressive rock fragmented in numerous forms. Some bands achieved commercial success well into the 1980s (albeit with changed lineups and more compact song structures) or crossed into symphonic pop, arena rock, or new wave.\nEarly groups who exhibited progressive features are retroactively described as \"proto-prog\". The Canterbury scene, originating in the late 1960s, denotes a subset of prog bands who emphasised the use of wind instruments, complex chord changes and long improvisations. Rock in Opposition, from the late 1970s, was more avant-garde, and when combined with the Canterbury style, created avant-prog. In the 1980s, a new subgenre, neo-progressive rock, enjoyed some commercial success, although it was also accused of being derivative and lacking in innovation. Post-progressive draws upon newer developments in popular music and the avant-garde since the mid 1970s.", "Q246018": "John Mason Neale (24 January 1818 \u2013 6 August 1866) was an Anglican priest, scholar and hymnwriter.", "Q313025": "John Abraham (born 17 December 1972) is an Indian film actor, film producer and former model who appears in Hindi films. After modelling for numerous advertisements and companies, he made his film debut with Jism (2003), which earned him the Filmfare Best Debut Award nomination. This was followed by his first commercial success, Dhoom (2004). He received two Filmfare Award nominations, for his negative roles in Dhoom, and in Zinda (2006). He later appeared in the major critical success Water (2005). He was nominated for a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film Baabul (2006). Since then, Abraham has starred in many critically and commercially successful films including Garam Masala (2005), Taxi No. 9211 (2006), Dostana (2008), New York (2009), Force (2011), Housefull 2 (2012), Race 2 (2013), Shootout at Wadala (2013), Madras Cafe (2013), Welcome Back (2015), Dishoom (2016), Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran (2018), Satyameva Jayate (2018) and Batla House (2019), thus establishing himself as a commercially successful actor of Hindi cinema.\nIn 2012, Abraham produced his first film Vicky Donor, which was a critical and commercial success, and earned him a National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment. He then established his own production house, John Abraham Entertainment. His second film as a producer was Madras Cafe, which garnered critical acclaim. Beyond his acting career, he is the owner of the Indian Super League football team NorthEast United FC. He has often performed many dangerous stunts in his films. He is also a vegetarian, and is a strong advocate for animal rights.", "Q26962": "Natsuna Watanabe (\u6e21\u8fba \u590f\u83dc, Watanabe Natsuna, born May 23, 1989), better known as just Natsuna (\u590f\u83dc, Natsuna), is a Japanese actress and former model.She was born in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. When she graduated from high-school she decided to focus her career entirely on acting.\nAs of November 1, 2009, she shortened her stage name and is now simply going by \"Natsuna\" (\u590f\u83dc). In 2012, she landed the coveted lead role in the NHK Asadora Jun to Ai after an audition of over 2250 actors.", "Q3290988": "Claudio L\u00f3pez y Bru, 2nd Marquess of Comillas, GE (1853 in Barcelona \u2013 1925 in Madrid), was a Spanish peer, businessman, and immensely rich shipping magnate and landowner. He inherited the companies his father Antonio L\u00f3pez y L\u00f3pez had founded.\nFor thirty years, from 1895 to 1925, the Marquess of Comillas dominated Catholic policy-making on labour relations.", "Q1286993": "Thomas Evans Jr (5 June 1947 \u2013 19 November 1983) was a British musician and songwriter, most notable for his work with the band Badfinger. He co-wrote the song \"Without You\".", "Q172463": "Andr\u00e9 Simon (5 January 1920 \u2013 11 July 2012) was a racing driver from France. He participated in Formula One from 1951 to 1957, competing in a total of 12 World Championship races but scoring no championship points.", "Q817491": "Benjamin Franklin Perry (November 20, 1805 \u2013 December 3, 1886) was the 72nd Governor of South Carolina, appointed by U.S. President Andrew Johnson in 1865 after the end of the American Civil War.", "Q861507": "Pretty Dirty Secrets is an American mystery web series from the television series Pretty Little Liars. The web series is part of the Pretty Little Liars franchise and takes place between the events of the series' third season episodes, \"The Lady Killer\" and \"This Is a Dark Ride\". Set in the Rosewood Halloween Spooktacular Store, as the people of Rosewood prepared for Halloween.", "Q94108": "Freda Meissner-Blau (11 March 1927 \u2013 22 December 2015) was an Austrian politician, activist, and prominent figurehead in the Austrian environmental movement. She was a founder and the federal spokesperson of the Austrian Green Party.", "Q442025": "Deborah Rennard (born November 4, 1959) is an American actress, writer and producer, best known for her role as Sly Lovegren in Dallas (1981\u20131991).", "Q57143": "Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal combining characteristics of traditional heavy metal with speed metal, often within symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a faster, lighter, and more uplifting sound, in contrast with the heaviness and dissonance prevalent for example in extreme metal. Power metal bands usually have anthem-like songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally \"powerful\" sound.The term was first used in the middle of the 1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first pioneered and largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal, and a later more widespread and popular style based in Europe (especially Scandinavia, Germany, Greece, Spain and Italy), South America (especially Brazil and Argentina) and East Asia with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.", "Q756956": "Dark ambient (referred to as ambient industrial especially in the 1980s) is a genre of post-industrial music that features an ominous, dark droning and often gloomy, monumental or catacombal atmosphere, partially with discordant overtones. It shows similarities toward ambient music, a genre that has been cited as a main influence by many dark ambient artists, both conceptually and compositionally. Although mostly electronically generated, dark ambient also includes the sampling of hand-played instruments and semi-acoustic recording procedures, and is strongly related to ritual industrial music.", "Q61": "Washington, D.C., () formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as D.C., Washington, or The District, is the capital of the United States. Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country, Washington was named after George Washington, the first president of the United States and a Founding Father. As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations, Washington is an important world political capital. The city, located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia, is one of the most visited cities in the world, with more than 20 million tourists annually.The signing of the Residence Act on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country's East Coast. The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress, and the District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria. The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia, including the city of Alexandria; in 1871, it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District.\nWashington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018, making it the 20th most populous city in the United States. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek. Washington's metropolitan area, the country's sixth largest (including parts of Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia), had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents.All three branches of the U.S. federal government are centered in the District: Congress (legislative), the president (executive), and the Supreme Court (judicial). Washington is home to many national monuments and museums, primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 177 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of many international organizations, trade unions, non-profits, lobbying groups, and professional associations, including the World Bank Group, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organization of American States, AARP, the National Geographic Society, the Human Rights Campaign, the International Finance Corporation, and the American Red Cross.\nA locally elected mayor and a 13\u2011member council have governed the District since 1973. However, Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D.C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, but the District has no representation in the Senate. District voters choose three presidential electors in accordance with the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961.\nFor statistical purposes, the District of Columbia is treated as a state-equivalent (and a county-equivalent) by the U.S. Census Bureau.", "Q11116": "Ruth Bader Ginsburg (, born Joan Ruth Bader; March 15, 1933) is an American lawyer and jurist who is an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. Ginsburg was appointed by President Bill Clinton and took the oath of office on August 10, 1993. She is the second female justice (after Sandra Day O'Connor) of four to be confirmed to the court (along with Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, who are still serving). Following O'Connor's retirement, and until Sotomayor joined the court, Ginsburg was the only female justice on the Supreme Court. During that time, Ginsburg became more forceful with her dissents, which were noted by legal observers and in popular culture. She is generally viewed as belonging to the liberal wing of the court. Ginsburg has authored notable majority opinions, including United States v. Virginia, Olmstead v. L.C., and Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc.\nGinsburg was born in Brooklyn, New York. Her older sister died when she was a baby, and her mother, one of her biggest sources of encouragement, died shortly before Ginsburg graduated from high school. She then earned her bachelor's degree at Cornell University, and became a wife and mother before starting law school at Harvard, where she was one of the few women in her class. Ginsburg transferred to Columbia Law School, where she graduated tied for first in her class. Following law school, Ginsburg turned to academia. She was a professor at Rutgers Law School and Columbia Law School, teaching civil procedure as one of the few women in her field.\nGinsburg spent a considerable part of her legal career as an advocate for the advancement of gender equality and women's rights, winning multiple victories arguing before the Supreme Court. She advocated as a volunteer lawyer for the American Civil Liberties Union and was a member of its board of directors and one of its general counsels in the 1970s. In 1980, President Jimmy Carter appointed her to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, where she served until her appointment to the Supreme Court. Ginsburg has received attention in American popular culture for her fiery liberal dissents and refusal to step down; she has been dubbed \"The Notorious R.B.G.\" in reference to the late rapper known as \"The Notorious B.I.G.\".", "Q130650": "Philip II of Macedon (Greek: \u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u0384 \u1f41 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd; 382\u2013336 BC) was the king (basileus) of the kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was a member of the Argead dynasty of Macedonian kings, the third son of King Amyntas III of Macedon, and father of Alexander the Great and Philip III. The rise of Macedon, its conquest and political consolidation of most of Classical Greece during the reign of Philip II was achieved in part by his reformation of the Ancient Macedonian army, establishing the Macedonian phalanx that proved critical in securing victories on the battlefield. After defeating the Greek city-states of Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, Philip II led the effort to establish a federation of Greek states known as the League of Corinth, with him as the elected hegemon and commander-in-chief of Greece for a planned invasion of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. However, his assassination by a royal bodyguard, Pausanias of Orestis, led to the immediate succession of his son Alexander, who would go on to invade the Achaemenid Empire in his father's stead.", "Q969629": "Floyd Cramer (October 27, 1933 \u2013 December 31, 1997) was an American Hall of Fame pianist who was one of the architects of the Nashville sound. He was known for his \"slip note\" piano style, in which an out-of-key note slides into the correct note.", "Q287644": "Sakai Toshihiko (\u583a \u5229\u5f66, November 25, 1871 - January 23, 1933) was a Japanese socialist, writer, and historian. He is also known by the pen name Saka Kosen (\u583a\u67af\u5ddd). He is also known for his translation with Sh\u016bsui K\u014dtoku.", "Q7121": "Schongau is a municipality in the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q3830446": "Leonardo Sinisgalli (1908\u20131981) was an Italian poet and art critic active from the 1930s to the 1970s.\nSinisgalli was born in Montemurro, Basilicata. His early education and careers led to him being called the \"engineer poet\".\nIn 1925, Sinisgalli moved to Rome where he studied engineering and mathematics. After completing his engineering degree in 1932, he moved to Milan where he worked as an architect and graphic artist. He was a close friend of the poet Giuseppe Ungaretti and painter Scipione. He worked at Milan for architecture and graphic design projects.\nSinisgalli's early collections such as Cuore (1927), 18 poesie (1936), Campi Elisi (1939) focused on themes from ancestral southern Italian myths. Later he explored a more relaxed style in I nuovi Campi Elisi (1947), La vigna vecchia (1952), L'et\u00e0 della luna (1962), Il passero e il lebbroso (1970), Mosche in bottiglia (1975) and Dimenticatoio (1978). He authored prose that analyzed the conflicts of existentialism and realism such as Fiori pari, fiori dispari (1945) and Belliboschi (1948). He also explored the scientific culture of the day in Furor mathematicus (1944) and Horror vacui (1945).\nSinisgalli founded and managed the magazine Civilt\u00e0 delle Macchine (1953\u20131959), and was a member of the Scuola Romana. He also created two documentaries which consecutively won the Biennale di Venezia awards and edited radio broadcasting programs.\nHe died in Rome in 1981.", "Q265819": "Mary Loretta Philbin (July 16, 1902 \u2013 May 7, 1993) was an American film actress of the silent film era, who is best known for playing the roles of Christine Daa\u00e9 in the 1925 film The Phantom of the Opera opposite Lon Chaney, and as Dea in The Man Who Laughs. Both roles cast her as the beauty in Beauty and the Beast-type stories.", "Q64589": "Kappel am Albis is a municipality in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.\nIts name of Kappel (German: chapel) is specified by \"on the Albis\" to distinguish it from two other villages called Kappel in Switzerland.", "Q330824": "Jean Sablon (Nogent-sur-Marne 25 March 1906 \u2013 Cannes 24 February 1994) was a French singer, songwriter, composer and actor. He was one of the first French singers to immerse himself in jazz. The man behind several songs by big French and American names, he was the first to use a microphone on a French stage in 1936. Star of vinyl and the radio, he left France in 1937 to take up a contract with NBC in the United States. His radio and later televised shows made him a huge star in America. Henceforth the most international of French singers among his contemporaries, he became an ambassador of French songwriting and dedicated his career to touring internationally, occasionally returning to France to appear on stage. His sixty-one year career came to an end in 1984.", "Q136221": "Aurore Cl\u00e9ment (born 12 October 1945) is a French actress who has appeared in French and English language motion pictures and television productions.\n\n", "Q65697": "Alfred Baeumler (sometimes B\u00e4umler; German: [\u02c8b\u0254\u028fml\u0250]; 19 November 1887 \u2013 19 March 1968), was an Austrian-born German philosopher, pedagogue and prominent Nazi ideologue. From 1924 he taught at the Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, at first as an unsalaried lecturer Privatdozent. B\u00e4umler was made associate professor (Extraordinarius) in 1928 and full professor (Ordinarius) a year later. From 1933 he taught philosophy and political education in Berlin as the director of the Institute for Political Pedagogy.", "Q55754": "Tryambak Shankar Shejwalkar (T S Shejwalkar; Devanagari: \u0924\u094d\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0936\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u0936\u0947\u091c\u0935\u0932\u0915\u0930, \u0924\u094d\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0902. \u0936\u0902. \u0936\u0947\u091c\u0935\u0932\u0915\u0930) (25 May 1895 \u2013 28 November 1963) was an award-winning historian and essayist.\n\n", "Q129301": "Stanis\u0142aw \u0141api\u0144ski (25 September 1895 \u2013 26 January 1972) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in more than 20 films between 1931 and 1966.\n\n", "Q178628": "Paolo Rossi (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8pa\u02d0olo \u02c8rossi]; born 23 September 1956) is an Italian former professional footballer, who played as a forward. In 1982, he led Italy to the 1982 FIFA World Cup title, scoring six goals to win the Golden Boot as top goalscorer, and the Golden Ball for the player of the tournament. Rossi is one of only three players to have won all three awards at a World Cup, along with Garrincha in 1962, and Mario Kempes in 1978. Rossi was also awarded the 1982 Ballon d'Or as the European Footballer of the Year for his performances. Along with Roberto Baggio and Christian Vieri, he is Italy's top scorer in World Cup history, with nine goals in total.At club level, Rossi was also a prolific goalscorer for Vicenza. In 1976, he was signed to Juventus from Vicenza in a co-ownership deal for a world record transfer fee. Vicenza retained his services, and he was top goalscorer in Serie B in 1977, leading his team to promotion to Serie A. The following season, Rossi scored 24 goals, to become the first player to top the scoring charts in Serie B and Serie A in consecutive seasons. In 1981 Rossi made his debut for Juventus, and went on to win two Serie A titles, the Coppa Italia, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, the UEFA Super Cup, and the European Cup.\nWidely regarded as one of the greatest Italian footballers of all time, Rossi was named in 2004 by Pel\u00e9 as one of the Top 125 greatest living footballers as part of FIFA's 100th anniversary celebration. In the same year, Rossi placed 12 in the UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll. Since retiring, Rossi has gone into sports journalism and punditry. He currently works as a pundit for Mediaset Premium.", "Q246030": "Bertalan \u00c1rkay (Budapest, 11 April 1901 \u2013 Budapest, 23 November 1971) was a pioneer of Hungarian modernist design and architecture.", "Q2071": "David Keith Lynch (born January 20, 1946) is an American filmmaker, painter, musician, singer, sound designer, photographer, and actor. He is best known for writing and directing films such as Eraserhead (1977), Blue Velvet (1986), and Mulholland Drive (2001), which are often regarded by critics as among the best films of their respective decades, and for his successful television series Twin Peaks (1990\u20131991). These works led to him being labeled \"the first popular Surrealist\" by film critic Pauline Kael. A recipient of an Academy Honorary Award in 2019, he has received three Academy Award nominations for Best Director, and has won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Foreign Film twice, as well as the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival and a Golden Lion award for lifetime achievement at the Venice Film Festival. He has been described by The Guardian as \"the most important director of this era\", while AllMovie called him \"the Renaissance man of modern American filmmaking\".Lynch's first film, the surrealist horror Eraserhead (1977) became a success on the midnight movie circuit, and he followed that by directing The Elephant Man (1980), Dune (1984), and Blue Velvet (1986). Lynch next created his own television series with Mark Frost, the popular murder mystery Twin Peaks (1990\u20131991), which ran for two seasons. He also created the film prequel Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992), the road film Wild at Heart (1990), and the family film The Straight Story (1999) in the same period. Turning further towards surrealist filmmaking, three of his subsequent films operated on dream logic non-linear narrative structures: Lost Highway (1997), Mulholland Drive (2001), and Inland Empire (2006). Lynch and Frost reunited in 2017 for a third season of Twin Peaks, which aired on Showtime. Lynch co-wrote and directed every episode, as well as reprising his onscreen role as Gordon Cole.\nLynch's other artistic endeavours include his work as a musician, encompassing the studio albums BlueBOB (2001), Crazy Clown Time (2011), and The Big Dream (2013), as well as music and sound design for a variety of his films; painting and photography; writing the books Images (1994), Catching the Big Fish (2006), and Room to Dream (2018); and directing several music videos and advertisements, including the Dior promotional film Lady Blue Shanghai (2006). An avid practitioner of Transcendental Meditation (TM), he founded the David Lynch Foundation in 2005, which sought to fund the teaching of TM in schools and has since widened its scope to other at-risk populations, including the homeless, veterans and refugees. In 2019, he received an Academy Honorary Award for lifetime achievement.", "Q3281675": "Malcolm Burn (born October 4, 1960) is a Canadian-born music producer, recording engineer and musician. Emmylou Harris's Red Dirt Girl, produced by Burn, won Best Contemporary Folk Album at the 2001 Grammys.", "Q69085": "Samedan ([sa\u02c8med\u0259n] ) is a town and municipality in the Maloja Region in the Swiss canton of Grisons.", "Q352737": "Loukas Yorkas born in Aradippou, Cyprus, on 18 October 1986, is a Cypriot singer and the winner of the first season of the Greek version of the television talent series The X Factor. In September 2009 he released his first EP album, Mazi, which attained gold certification. He studies Biology at the University of Patras. Loukas Yorkas represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Germany along with Stereo Mike, with the song \"Watch My Dance\", placing seventh with 120 points.", "Q49355": "James Bryant Conant (March 26, 1893 \u2013 February 11, 1978) was an American chemist, a transformative President of Harvard University, and the first U.S. Ambassador to West Germany. Conant obtained a PhD in Chemistry from Harvard in 1916. During World War I he served in the U.S. Army, working on the development of poison gases. He became an assistant professor of chemistry at Harvard in 1919, and the Sheldon Emery Professor of Organic Chemistry in 1929. He researched the physical structures of natural products, particularly chlorophyll, and he was one of the first to explore the sometimes complex relationship between chemical equilibrium and the reaction rate of chemical processes. He studied the biochemistry of oxyhemoglobin providing insight into the disease methemoglobinemia, helped to explain the structure of chlorophyll, and contributed important insights that underlie modern theories of acid-base chemistry.\nIn 1933, Conant became the President of Harvard University with a reformist agenda that involved dispensing with a number of customs, including class rankings and the requirement for Latin classes. He abolished athletic scholarships, and instituted an \"up or out\" policy, under which scholars who were not promoted were terminated. His egalitarian vision of education required a diversified student body, and he promoted the adoption of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and co-educational classes. During his presidency, women were admitted to Harvard Medical School and Harvard Law School for the first time.\nConant was appointed to the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) in 1940, becoming its chairman in 1941. In this capacity, he oversaw vital wartime research projects, including the development of synthetic rubber, and the Manhattan Project, which developed the first atomic bombs. On July 16, 1945, he was among the dignitaries present at the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range for the Trinity nuclear test, the first detonation of an atomic bomb, and was part of the Interim Committee that advised President Harry S. Truman to use atomic bombs on Japan. After the war, he served on the Joint Research and Development Board (JRDC) that was established to coordinate burgeoning defense research, and on the influential General Advisory Committee (GAC) of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC); in the latter capacity he advised the president against starting a development program for the \"hydrogen bomb\".\nIn his later years at Harvard, Conant taught undergraduate courses on the history and philosophy of science, and wrote books explaining the scientific method to laymen. In 1953 he retired as President of Harvard and became the United States High Commissioner for Germany, overseeing the restoration of German sovereignty after World War II, and then was Ambassador to West Germany until 1957. On returning to the United States, he criticized the education system in works such as The American High School Today (1959), Slums and Suburbs (1961) and The Education of American Teachers (1963). Between 1965 and 1969, Conant, suffering from a heart condition, worked on his autobiography, My Several Lives (1970). He became increasingly infirm, suffered a series of strokes in 1977, and died in a nursing home the following year.", "Q2865008": "Arthur M. Blank (born September 27, 1942) is an American businessman and a co-founder of The Home Depot. He currently owns two professional sporting teams based in Atlanta, Georgia, the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League and Atlanta United of Major League Soccer.", "Q324879": "Miss Conception (original title \"Buy Borrow Steal\") is a 2008 comedy film directed by Eric Styles and starring Heather Graham. Graham plays a woman who learns she has only one month left to conceive a child. When her baby-phobic long-term boyfriend (Tom Ellis) goes to film a documentary on a remote island with a spoiled former supermodel, she is forced to find alternate ways to conceive with the help of her friend Clem (Mia Kirshner).\nThe film was produced by Miromar Entertainment and Blue Angel Films.", "Q622755": "Wintersun is a Finnish heavy metal band from Helsinki originally formed as the side project of Jari M\u00e4enp\u00e4\u00e4, then vocalist and guitarist of folk metal band Ensiferum.\nIn 2003, M\u00e4enp\u00e4\u00e4 began pulling together songs that he had been working on since 1995. These songs followed specific themes described by M\u00e4enp\u00e4\u00e4 as majestic, \"spacy\", and melodic. While M\u00e4enp\u00e4\u00e4 planned to perform and record each instrument for the first album himself, he still required a drummer. He sent demos to Kai Hahto, former member of Rotten Sound, who agreed to perform the drums.\nAfter obtaining a record deal, M\u00e4enp\u00e4\u00e4 scheduled studio time to record the first album. Ensiferum's tour to support their 2004 release was scheduled at the same time, which forced M\u00e4enp\u00e4\u00e4 to request time off from the band. The band instead fired him, and M\u00e4enp\u00e4\u00e4 was free to go ahead with the production of his self-titled album, Wintersun.\nAfter the release of Wintersun, the band found permanent members to perform shows and promote the album, although a keyboardist would never be found. In 2006, Wintersun began work on their second and third albums, Time I and Time II, which were initially intended to be released as a single album. Recording began in May of that year, but the albums would be the recipient of years-long delays for a multitude of reasons, not the least of which was the complexity of each song's mix.", "Q1156934": "The Peabody Institute of The Johns Hopkins University (JHU) is a music and dance conservatory and university-preparatory school in the Mount Vernon-Belvedere neighborhood of northern Baltimore, Maryland, United States, facing the landmark Washington Monument circle at the southeast corner of North Charles and East Monument Streets (also known as intersection of Mount Vernon Place and Washington Place).\nThe Peabody Institute was founded in 1857 and opened in 1866 by merchant/ financier and philanthropist George Peabody, (1795\u20131869), and is the oldest conservatory in the United States. Its association in recent decades begun in 1977 with JHU allows students to do research across disciplines.", "Q84333": "Robert Lusser (19 April 1899 \u2013 19 January 1969) was a German engineer, aircraft designer and aviator. He is remembered both for several well-known Messerschmitt and Heinkel designs during World War II, and after the war for his theoretical study of the reliability of complex systems. In the post-war era, Lusser also pioneered the development of modern ski bindings, introducing the first teflon anti-friction pads to improve release.", "Q2834521": "Alexis Gourvennec (January 11, 1936, Henvic, Finist\u00e8re - February 19, 2007) was a Breton pig farmer and economic leader who played a major role in the regeneration of Brittany, France, after World War II. In the early 1960s he was a leading militant in the Young Farmers' Movement, and in 1961 he helped found and led SICA (Societe d'Interet Collectif Agricole) St-Pol-de-Leon.\n\nHe was a leader of a group of leading Bretons who pressed five key demands (from the regional structure plan) on the French administration in the late 1960s:\n\nA modern road network between the region and Paris\nThe setting up of a telecommunications network\nA strengthing of educational provision especially Brest University\nImproving industrial development at Brest\nThe construction of a deep-water port at RoscoffThe French government agreed to these demands in October 1968.\nGourvennec saw a place for Brittany as part of a 'Celtic arc', stretching down the entire Atlantic coastline of Europe, and was keen to develop a service from Roscoff to Plymouth. However, no existing ferry company viewed the route as worthwhile, and so Gourvennec and colleagues founded Brittany Ferries.\nWhen Prince Charles visited Finist\u00e8re in 1988, the local media apparently headlined his meeting with Gourvennec as 'Prince of Wales at the home of the Prince of Brittany' (see article by Peter Forde)", "Q846190": "Bell Orchestre is a six-piece instrumental band from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. In late 2003, they recorded their first album, at the same time and in the same studio that Arcade Fire recorded Funeral. However, Arcade Fire's popularity was just beginning to break when they asked Bell Orchestre to tour with them in the fall of 2005, delaying the release of their album. Regarding finishing the album, Bell Orchestre said: \"We regrouped and we did this residency at an arts center in Canada in the mountains. We actually finished [the record] there, we did a few overdubs and went home and sequenced it and mastered it.\"Recording a Tape the Colour of the Light was finally released in 2005. In March 2006, Bell Orchestre launched a tour of Europe and the US to promote the album.\nThe band released a follow up to Recording a Tape the Colour of the Light, entitled As Seen Through Windows with Arts & Crafts Records on March 10, 2009. It was recorded in Soma Electric Studios in Chicago, Illinois. The album since won a Juno Award for best instrumental album.", "Q228931": "Marcia Gay Harden (born August 14, 1959) is an American actress. Her film breakthrough was in the 1990 Coen brothers-directed Miller's Crossing. She followed this with roles in films including Used People (1992), The First Wives Club (1996), and Flubber (1997). For her performance as artist Lee Krasner in the 2000 film Pollock, she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She earned another Academy Award nomination for her performance as Celeste Boyle in Mystic River (2003). Other notable film roles include American Gun (2005), and 2007's The Mist and Into the Wild.\nHarden made her Broadway debut in 1993, starring in Angels in America, for which she was nominated for a Tony Award. She returned to Broadway in 2009 as Veronica in God of Carnage. Her performance won her the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play.\nHarden was nominated for her second Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in the 2009 television film The Courageous Heart of Irena Sendler. Harden's other notable television roles include Dr Leanne Rorish in the CBS medical drama Code Black and attorney Rebecca Halliday in the HBO Aaron Sorkin series The Newsroom.", "Q49": "North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be described as a northern subcontinent of the Americas, or America, in models that use fewer than seven continents. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.\nNorth America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 16.5% of the earth's land area and about 4.8% of its total surface.\nNorth America is the third largest continent by area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. In 2013, its population was estimated at nearly 579 million people in 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the world's population, if nearby islands (most notably around the Caribbean) are included.\nNorth America was reached by its first human populations during the last glacial period, via crossing the Bering land bridge approximately 40,000 to 17,000 years ago. The so-called Paleo-Indian period is taken to have lasted until about 10,000 years ago (the beginning of the Archaic or Meso-Indian period). The Classic stage spans roughly the 6th to 13th centuries. The Pre-Columbian era ended in 1492, with the beginning of the transatlantic migrations\u2014the arrival of European settlers during the Age of Discovery and the Early Modern period. Present-day cultural and ethnic patterns reflect interactions between European colonists, indigenous peoples, African slaves and all of their descendants.\nOwing to Europe's colonization of the Americas, most North Americans speak European languages such as English, Spanish or French, and their states' cultures commonly reflect Western traditions.", "Q660566": "Ildjarn was a cult black metal project from Norway that formed in 1991. Ildjarn recorded music until 1997 but did not officially end until 2005. The man behind Ildjarn was Vidar Vaaer, although some releases were collaborations with a musician known as Nidhogg.", "Q1375199": "Per Erik Gunnar Westerberg (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8p\u00e6\u02d0r \u02c8v\u025b\u0302s\u02d0t\u025br\u02ccb\u00e6rj]; born 2 August 1951) is a Swedish politician who was Speaker of the Riksdag from 2006 to 2014. He was a Member of the Riksdag from 1979 to 2014, its most senior member from 2006 to his resignation (see Father of the House). He was Sweden's Minister for Industry and Trade from 1991 to 1994.", "Q127304": "Salima Ghezali (born 1958) is an Algerian journalist and writer.A founding member of Women in Europe and the Maghreb, president of the association for the advancement of women, editor of the women's magazine NYSSA, which she founded, and editor of the French-language weekly La Nation, Salima Ghezali is an activist of women's rights and human rights and democracy in Algeria.\nIn 1997 Ghezali won the Sakharov Prize as well as the Olof Palme Prize.", "Q7109": "Hohenrain is a municipality in the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Since January 1, 2007, Lieli has been part of the municipality.", "Q3124265": "G\u00e9rard P\u00e9lisson (born 9 February 1932) is a French hotelier, entrepreneur, founder of the Accor Group and the current President of the Institut Paul Bocuse.", "Q2975569": "Clarence Muse (October 14, 1889 \u2013 October 13, 1979) was an American actor, screenwriter, director, and composer. He was the first African American to appear in a starring role in a film. He acted for fifty years, and appeared in more than 150 films. He was inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame in 1973.", "Q451717": "The Invisible Ray is a 1936 American science fiction horror film directed by Lambert Hillyer. The film concerns a scientist who creates a telescope-like device that captures light waves from the Andromeda Galaxy, giving him a way to view the distant past. Using this knowledge, he travels to Africa to locate a large, unusual meteorite that fell there a billion years earlier. He discovers that the meteorite is composed of a poisonous unknown element, \"Radium X\". After exposure to its rays begins to make him glow in the dark, his touch becomes deadly, and he begins to be slowly driven mad.\nPrior to production, Universal Pictures was originally developing the film Bluebeard for Karloff and Lugosi. When that production did not start, Universal wanted a release by the end of 1935 with Karloff and Lugosi and hired director Stuart Walker and screenwriter John Colton to make the film The Invisible Ray. As Walker was not happy with Colton's script, he requested a three day delay before production was set to begin and after being denied this, he left the production and was replaced with Lambert Hillyer. Hillyer began and completed the film over-budget and over the originally set production time. \n\n", "Q485220": "Good Charlotte is an American rock band from Waldorf, Maryland, that formed in 1996. Since 1998, the band's constant members have been vocalist Joel Madden, guitarist and vocalist Benji Madden, bassist Paul Thomas, guitarist and keyboardist Billy Martin, while drummer Dean Butterworth has been a member of the band since 2005.\nThe band released their self-titled debut album in 2000 to mostly positive reviews. In 2002, they achieved breakthrough success with their second album, The Young and the Hopeless. Featuring the hit singles Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous, The Anthem and Girls & Boys, The Young and the Hopeless sold 3.5 million copies in the US and was certified triple platinum by the RIAA, for a total of almost 5 million copies sold worldwide. The band followed that up with The Chronicles of Life and Death in 2004; a darker album, both musically and lyrically. Backed by the singles Predictable and I Just Wanna Live, The Chronicles of Life and Death continued the bands success, and the album was certified platinum by the RIAA, selling over one million copies in the US alone. In 2007, they released the dance-punk inspired album Good Morning Revival before going back to their punk-roots with the album Cardiology in 2010. After a four-year-long hiatus, the band announced its comeback on November 3, 2015. The band released Youth Authority to positive reviews in 2016, and in 2018 they released their latest album, Generation Rx. In addition to this, they have also released two compilations: Greatest Remixes in 2008 and Greatest Hits in 2010.\n\n", "Q339196": "Kenneth Bernard Cook (5 May 1929 \u2013 18 April 1987) was an Australian journalist, television documentary maker, and novelist best known for his works Wake in Fright, which is still in print five decades after its first publication, and the humorous Killer Koala trilogy.", "Q1511650": "Tula State University (TSU) (Russian: \u0422\u0443\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0442, \u0422\u0443\u043b\u0413\u0423) is the largest state university in Tula, Central Russia. Since May 2006 its rector is Mikhail Gryazev, professor, doctor of technical sciences. More than 20,000 students, 400 post graduates, and 600 foreign students study at Tula State University. The university consists of nine faculties (colleges), a medical institute, a center of pre-university studies, a regional center for professional development, and 73 departments (chairs).", "Q88509": "J\u00fcrgen Echternach (born 1 November 1937 in Lauenburg (now L\u0119bork, Poland) - 4 April 2006 in Hamburg) was a German politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union.\nFrom 1987 to 1993 he was Parliamentary Secretary of State for Planning, Building and Urban Development and from 1993 to 1994 he worked in the Federal Ministry of Finance. Echternach was a member of the Bundestag from 1980 to 1994, representing Hamburg Altona from 1987 to 1990.", "Q483889": "Tibetan Buddhism (also Indo-Tibetan Buddhism) is the form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet where it is the dominant religion. It is also found in the regions surrounding the Himalayas (such as Bhutan, Ladakh, and Sikkim), much of Central Asia, the Southern Siberian regions such as Tuva, as well as Mongolia.\nTibetan Buddhism is a form of Mahayana Buddhism stemming from the latest stages of Indian Buddhism (and so is also part of the tantric Vajrayana tradition). It thus preserves \"the Tantric status quo of eighth-century India.\" However, it also includes native Tibetan developments and practices. In the pre-modern era, Tibetan Buddhism spread outside of Tibet primarily due to the influence of the Mongol Yuan dynasty (1271\u20131368), founded by Kublai Khan, which ruled China, Mongolia and parts of Siberia. In the modern era, it has spread outside of Asia due to the efforts of the Tibetan diaspora.\nApart from classical Mahayana Buddhist practices like the six perfections, Tibetan Buddhism also includes Tantric practices, such as deity yoga and the Six Dharmas of Naropa. Its main goal is Buddhahood or rainbow body. The main language of scriptural study in this tradition is classical Tibetan.\nTibetan Buddhism has four major schools, namely Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug. The Jonang is a smaller school, and the Rim\u00e9 movement is a recent nonsectarian movement which cuts across the different schools. Each school is independent and has its own monastic institutions and leaders.", "Q90346": "Oskar Rosenfeld (13 May 1884 \u2013 August 1944) was an Austrian-Jewish writer killed at Auschwitz concentration camp.", "Q21856203": "Safehouse Records is an American record label created by artists Demi Lovato, Nick Jonas and their manager Phil McIntyre. Announced on May 26, 2015, their goal is to \"put artists in control of their art while providing them the best tools to manage their careers\". The first official album to be released from the label was Lovato's fifth studio album, Confident (2015), followed by Nick Jonas X2, the re-issue of Jonas' self-titled second album. On December 15, 2015, it was announced the record label signed a joint deal with Universal Music Publishing Group, and also welcomed Chord Overstreet to a publishing deal, as part of Safehouse Publishing.", "Q3345623": "Ashok Shankarrao Chavan (born (1958-10-28)28 October 1958) is an Indian politician from Indian National Congress, who is the current PWD Minister of Maharashtra. He also served as the Chief Minister of Maharashtra state from 8 December 2008 to 9 November 2010. He earlier also served as Minister for Cultural Affairs, Industries, Mines and Protocol in the Vilasrao Deshmukh government.\nOn 9 November 2010, the Congress Party asked him to resign from office over corruption allegations relating to Adarsh Housing Society scam. In the 2014 general elections, despite the allegations and anti-incumbency wave, he won the Lok Sabha election from his Nanded constituency with a comfortable margin .Often considered as one of the best leaders in Maharastra who depends on experience and intellect. He also helped Rajiv Satav to win from the neighbouring Hingoli constituency. In 2015, he was appointed as the president of Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee.Chavan lost his Nanded seat in the 2019 Lok sabha election to Pratap Patil Chikhalikar of the BJP.Chavan belongs to an influential political family based in Nanded district of Maharashtra state. He is the son of Shankarrao Chavan, a former Chief Minister of Maharashtra himself; they are the first father\u2013son duo in the state's history to become chief ministers. His brother-in-law Bhaskarrao Bapurao Khatgaonkar Patil was a three-time Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) and a three-time MP, and Chavan's wife, Ameeta Ashokrao Chavan is MLA from Bhokar constituency in Nanded.", "Q349471": "Adam G. Sevani (born June 29, 1992) is an American actor and dancer, known for playing Robert Alexander III / Moose in the Step Up film series.", "Q136209": "Cuba Mark Gooding Jr. (born January 2, 1968) is an American actor, writer, producer, and director. After his breakthrough role as Tre Styles in Boyz n the Hood (1991), he appeared in A Few Good Men (1992), The Tuskegee Airmen (1995), Outbreak (1995), and Jerry Maguire (1996), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and What Dreams May Come (1998). He gained later attention for his roles in Men of Honor (2000) as Carl Brashear, and in Michael Bay's World War II epic Pearl Harbor (2001) as Doris Miller. His other notable films include As Good as It Gets (1997), the ensemble farce Rat Race (2001), Radio (2003), American Gangster (2007), Lee Daniels' The Butler (2013), and Selma (2014), playing civil rights attorney Fred Gray. In 2016, he portrayed O.J. Simpson in the FX drama series The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story, and co-starred in the sixth season of the FX anthology series American Horror Story, subtitled Roanoke.\n\n", "Q597156": "Nurmij\u00e4rvi (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8nurmi\u02ccj\u00e6r\u028bi]) is the most populated rural municipality of Finland, located 37 kilometres (23 mi) north of the capital Helsinki. The neighboring municipalities of Nurmij\u00e4rvi are Espoo, Vantaa, Tuusula, Hyvink\u00e4\u00e4 and Vihti, and it is part of the Greater Helsinki. The population of the municipality is 42,709 inhabitants.The close proximity to Helsinki has led to a considerable growth of the major villages such as Klaukkala, Rajam\u00e4ki and R\u00f6ykk\u00e4. Klaukkala is the biggest built-up area of Nurmij\u00e4rvi, which nowadays is considered a dormitory town of Helsinki. The church village (Kirkonkyl\u00e4) is the administrative centre of the municipality.\nNurmij\u00e4rvi literally means \"lawn lake\" although the lake that gave the municipality its name was drained in the early 20th century and is now nothing more than some flat fields near the village centre. Nurmij\u00e4rvi is one of three municipalities in the Uusimaa region that do not have a Swedish name; the others are Askola and M\u00e4nts\u00e4l\u00e4.\nNurmij\u00e4rvi is best known as the birthplace of Finland's national author, Aleksis Kivi. The coat of arms of municipality refers to his most famous literal work, Seitsem\u00e4n veljest\u00e4 (literally translated \"the seven brothers\") from 1870. On January 29, 2020, Nurmij\u00e4rvi declared itself officially the Capital of Aleksis Kivi.Matti Vanhanen, former Prime Minister of Finland, lives in Leps\u00e4m\u00e4 in Nurmij\u00e4rvi.", "Q89617": "Erwin Moser (23 January 1954 \u2013 12 October 2017) was an Austrian children's and young adult books' author and illustrator. He is best known for his children's book series Manuel & Didi, which he illustrated himself, using a text comics format. \n\n", "Q318158": "Goran Vi\u0161nji\u0107 ( VISH-nyitch; Croatian pronunciation: [\u0261oran \u028bi\u0283\u0272it\u0255]; born September 9, 1972) is a Croatian\u2013American actor who has appeared in American and British films and television productions. He is best known in the United States for his roles as Dr. Luka Kova\u010d on the NBC television series ER and Garcia Flynn on Timeless. For ER, he and his cast were nominated for two Screen Actors Guild Awards. He is the son-in-law of Croatian film director and former head of Croatian Radiotelevision (1991\u201395), Antun Vrdoljak. He moved to the United States in the late 1990s.", "Q921679": "Jason Andrew Molina (December 30, 1973 \u2013 March 16, 2013) was an American musician and singer-songwriter. Raised in northern Ohio, he came to prominence performing and recording as Songs: Ohia, both in solo projects and with a rotating cast of musicians in the late 1990s. Beginning in 2003, he would garner a further indie following for his releases with the band Magnolia Electric Co.\nMolina had a prolific career between his two musical projects and solo releases, producing a total of sixteen studio albums, eight EPs, and numerous singles. His overall discography was noted by critics for blending elements of indie rock, blues, and alternative country with his tenor vocal range.\nIn 2009, Molina canceled a tour with Magnolia Electric Co., citing health problems as the reason. He spent the next four years dealing with alcoholism, which ultimately resulted in his death from multiple organ failure in March 2013.", "Q438979": "Ali-Akbar D\u0101var (Persian: \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0631\u200e also known as Mirza Ali-Akbar Khan-e D\u0101var, 1885 \u2013 9 February 1937) was an Iranian politician and judge and the founder of the modern judicial system of Iran.", "Q131566": "The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association for electronic engineering and electrical engineering (and associated disciplines) with its corporate office in New York City and its operations center in Piscataway, New Jersey. It was formed in 1963 from the amalgamation of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Radio Engineers.Due to its expansion of scope into so many related fields, it is simply referred to by the letters I-E-E-E (pronounced Eye-triple-E), except on legal business documents. As of 2018, it is the world's largest association of technical professionals with more than 423,000 members in over 160 countries around the world. Its objectives are the educational and technical advancement of electrical and electronic engineering, telecommunications, computer engineering and allied disciplines.", "Q289127": "The Next Karate Kid (also known as The Karate Kid Part IV) is a 1994 American martial arts drama film starring Pat Morita and Hilary Swank. It is the fourth and final film in The Karate Kid film series. It was directed by Christopher Cain, written by Mark W. Lee, and produced by Jerry Weintraub, with music by Bill Conti. It is the only film in the series not to feature Ralph Macchio in the lead role as Daniel LaRusso. \nIt was released on September 9, 1994. Upon its release, The Next Karate Kid was a critical and commercial failure; though many critics praised the acting, they ultimately saw the film as unnecessary.\n\n", "Q178166": "Mark Sinclair (born July 18, 1967), known professionally as Vin Diesel, is an American actor and producer. He rose to international fame with his role as Dominic Toretto in The Fast and the Furious franchise.\nDiesel began his career in 1990, but initially struggled to gain roles until he created and starred in the short film Multi-Facial (1995), which attracted the attention of Steven Spielberg, who was developing the film Saving Private Ryan at the time. Spielberg re-wrote elements of the film to allow Diesel to appear in it, which helped kickstart Diesel's acting career. He subsequently voiced the titular character in The Iron Giant (1999), while gaining a reputation as an action star after headlining The Fast and the Furious, the XXX series, and The Chronicles of Riddick.\nLater in his career, Diesel became known for lending his voice to the character of Groot in Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), and voicing a cameo of the same character in Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018). He also founded the production company One Race Films. Away from action films, Diesel has enjoyed commercial success in a number of other genres, such as in the comedy film The Pacifier (2005), while his performance in Find Me Guilty (2006) was praised.\nDiesel portrayed the comic book character Bloodshot in its 2020 film adaptation, and is slated to appear in the Avatar sequels.", "Q96051": "Friedrich Adolph Sorge (9 November 1828 \u2013 26 October 1906) was a German communist who emigrated to the United States, where he played an important role in the labor movement, including the foundation of the Socialist Labor Party of America.", "Q99362": "Johann Wilhelm Schwedler (23 June 1823, Berlin \u2013 9 June 1894, Berlin) was a German civil engineer and civil servant who designed many bridges and public buildings and invented the Schwedler truss and the Schwedler cupola. He is an author of Schwedler's theorem, a theory defining relation between shear force and bending moment.", "Q242530": "Catherine Lucille Moore (January 24, 1911 \u2013 April 4, 1987) was an American science fiction and fantasy writer, who first came to prominence in the 1930s writing as C. L. Moore. She was among the first women to write in the science fiction and fantasy genres, though earlier woman writers in these genres include Clare Winger Harris, Greye La Spina, and Francis Stevens, amongst others. Nevertheless, Moore's work paved the way for many other female speculative fiction writers.\nMoore married her first husband Henry Kuttner in 1940, and most of her work from 1940 to 1958 (Kuttner's death) was written by the couple collaboratively. They were prolific co-authors under their own names, although more often under any one of several pseudonyms.\nAs \"Catherine Kuttner\", she had a brief career as a television scriptwriter from 1958 to 1962. She retired from writing in 1963.\n\n", "Q109947": "Heinrich Brockhaus (4 February 1804 - 15 November 1874) was a German book dealer and publisher who became a liberal politician.\n\n", "Q90420": "Sophie Rois is an Austrian actress. She has appeared in such films as Three, 180\u00b0, Enemy at the Gates and television programmes such as Polizeiruf 110 and Die kleine Monsterin (voice).\nIn 2014, she appeared in the documentary The Decent One as Margarete Himmler, wife of Heinrich Himmler.Born 1 June 1961 in Ottensheim, Austria, the actress received the first grade of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres while visiting the Berlinale on 10 February 2014 at the French Embassy of Berlin.", "Q161437": "Ophthalmology () is a branch of medicine and surgery which deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in ophthalmology. The credentials include a degree in medicine, followed by additional four to five years of ophthalmology residency training. Ophthalmology residency training programs may require a one-year pre-residency training in internal medicine, pediatrics, or general surgery. Additional specialty training (or fellowship) may be sought in a particular aspect of eye pathology. Ophthalmologists are allowed to use medications to treat eye diseases, implement laser therapy, and perform surgery when needed. Ophthalmologists may participate in academic research on the diagnosis and treatment for eye disorders.", "Q407237": "Air France\u2013KLM S.A., also known as Air France\u2013KLM Group, is a Franco-Dutch airline holding company incorporated under French law with its headquarters at Charles de Gaulle Airport in Tremblay-en-France, near Paris. The group has offices in Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis, Paris, and in Amstelveen, Netherlands. Air France\u2013KLM is the result of the merger in 2004 between Air France and KLM. Both Air France and KLM are members of the SkyTeam airline alliance. The company's namesake airlines rely on two major hubs, Paris\u2013Charles de Gaulle Airport and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol respectively. Air France\u2013KLM Airlines transported 87.3 million passengers in 2014.", "Q262838": "Cree Summer Francks (born July 7, 1969) is an American-Canadian actress, voice actress, comedian, and singer.\nShe is known for playing Winifred \"Freddie\" Brooks on the NBC sitcom A Different World. In animation, Summer was the original voice of Penny in the 1983 cartoon Inspector Gadget. Her other voice roles include Princess Kneesaa in Ewoks, Elmyra Duff in Tiny Toon Adventures and Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain, Susie Carmichael in Rugrats and All Grown Up!, Numbuh 5 and Cree Lincoln in Codename: Kids Next Door, and Cleo the Poodle in Clifford the Big Red Dog. She is also the voice of Princess Kida in the franchise of Atlantis: The Lost Empire, Valerie Gray in Danny Phantom, Penelope in Barbie as Rapunzel, Blackarachnia in Transformers Animated, Rayna Cartflight in The Buzz on Maggie, Beast Girl in Teen Titans Go!, Priscilla Skunk in Sheriff Callie's Wild West, Maxine \"Max\" Gibson in Batman Beyond, Foxxy Love in Drawn Together, Magma in X-Men Legends, Yvonne and Gordon in Mrs. Munger's Class, Nebula in Guardians of the Galaxy, and Witch Haggar in Voltron: Legendary Defender. She also voiced the character Mo in the Horrible Histories, as well as Kermit's Mom, Star and Pilgrim in Kermit's Swamp Years.", "Q108481": "Dieter Kunzelmann (14 July 1939 \u2013 14 May 2018) was a German left-wing activist. In the early 1960s he was a member of the Situationist-inspired artists' group Gruppe SPUR. He was one of the founders of Kommune 1 in 1967. At the end of the 1960s he was one of the leaders of the Tupamaros West-Berlin, which carried out bombings and arsons. He was arrested in July 1970 and served five years in prison for those activities. From 1983 to 1985 he served in the Berlin state parliament as a member of the Alternative List (now Alliance '90/The Greens). In 1997 he was sentenced to a year in prison for throwing an egg at the mayor of Berlin, Eberhard Diepgen. He went into hiding for two years, reappearing to serve his sentence in 1999.", "Q842490": "The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an intergovernmental organisation and the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention, which entered into force on 29 April 1997. The OPCW, with its 193 member states, has its seat in The Hague, Netherlands, and oversees the global endeavour for the permanent and verifiable elimination of chemical weapons.\nThe organisation promotes and verifies the adherence to the Chemical Weapons Convention, which prohibits the use of chemical weapons and requires their destruction. Verification consists both of evaluation of declarations by member states and onsite inspections.\nThe organisation was awarded the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize \"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons\". Nobel Committee chairman Thorbj\u00f8rn Jagland said, \"The conventions and the work of the OPCW have defined the use of chemical weapons as a taboo under international law\".", "Q841199": "Haruichi Shind\u014d (\u65b0\u85e4 \u6674\u4e00, Shind\u014d Haruichi, born 20 September 1974) is a Japanese musician, lyricist, composer, record producer and author who is affiliated with Amuse, Inc. He is a guitarist for Porno Graffitti and THE Yatou (THE \u91ce\u515a). His artist name at his debut was Haruichi (\u30cf\u30eb\u30a4\u30c1), and he formed a band named No Score with his classmates at high school. Originally he was the lead vocalist, but since Akihito Okano joined, he became the lead guitarist and provided backing vocals. His wife is actress Ky\u014dko Hasegawa.\n\n", "Q974888": "Nicholas Bullen (born 1968 in Coventry, England) is a composer, artist and writer.", "Q93129": "Joel Moses (born 1941) is an Israeli-American mathematician, computer scientist and Institute Professor Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).Joel Moses was born in Mandatory Palestine in 1941 and emigrated to the United States in 1954. He attended Midwood High School in Brooklyn, New York. He received his Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree in mathematics from Columbia University and a Master of Science (M.Sc.) in mathematics, also from Columbia. Under the supervision of Marvin Minsky, Moses received his Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in mathematics at MIT in 1967 with a thesis entitled Symbolic Integration. This laid the groundwork for the Macsyma symbolic mathematics program that was created at MIT largely under his supervision between 1969 and 1983. Macsyma was able to solve problems such as simplification, polynomial factorization, indefinite integration, solution of differential equations, and other higher-order mathematical questions.Moses served in administrative posts at MIT from 1974 and 1998: associate director of the Laboratory for Computer Science, head of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, dean of Engineering, and provost. He also served as acting director of the Engineering Systems Division at MIT from 2006 to 2007 and acting director of the Center for Technology, Policy and Industrial Development from 2007 to 2010.His memoirs are published.\nHe was interviewed on the occasion of MIT's 150th anniversary.\nHe appears in an independent documentary film named Plug & Pray, where he talks about the impact of ELIZA, a computer program published by Joseph Weizenbaum in 1966.Moses is a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is life fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).", "Q1063743": "Sir Charles Brian Blagden FRS (17 April 1748 \u2013 26 March 1820) was a British physician and scientist. He served as a medical officer in the Army (1776\u20131780) and later held the position of Secretary of the Royal Society (1784\u20131797). Blagden won the Copley Medal in 1788 and was knighted in 1792.\nHe died in Arcueil, France in 1820, and was buried at P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.", "Q165651": "Fanny and Alexander (Swedish: Fanny och Alexander) is a 1982 historical drama film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman. The plot focuses on two siblings and their large family in Uppsala, Sweden during the first decade of the twentieth century. Following the death of the eponymous children's father (Allan Edwall), their mother (Ewa Fr\u00f6ling) remarries a prominent bishop (Jan Malmsj\u00f6) who becomes abusive towards Alexander for his vivid imagination.\nBergman intended Fanny and Alexander to be his final picture before retiring, and his script is semi-autobiographical. The characters Alexander, Fanny and stepfather Edvard are based on himself, his sister Margareta and his father Erik Bergman, respectively. Many of the scenes were filmed on location in Uppsala. The documentary film The Making of Fanny and Alexander was made simultaneously with the feature and chronicles its production.\nThe production was originally conceived as a television miniseries and cut in that version, spanning 312 minutes; a 188-minute cut version was created later for cinematic release, although this version was in fact the one to be released first. The television version has since been released as a complete film, and both versions have been shown in theaters throughout the world. The 312-minute cut is one of the longest cinematic films in history.\nThe theatrical version was released to positive reviews. It won four Academy Awards, including for Best Foreign Language Film; three Guldbagge Awards, including Best Film; and other honours. Fanny and Alexander was followed by stage adaptations and further semi-autobiographical screenplays by Bergman, released as films in 1992: The Best Intentions, directed by Bille August, and Sunday's Children, directed by Daniel Bergman.", "Q445004": "Leilani Sarelle Figalan (born September 28, 1966) is an American actress whose most notable role to date has been the character Roxy in Basic Instinct.", "Q84455": "Edmund Josef von Horv\u00e1th (9 December 1901 Su\u0161ak, Rijeka, then in Austria\u2013Hungary, now in Croatia \u2013 1 June 1938 in Paris) was a German-writing Austro-Hungarian-born playwright and novelist. He preferred the Hungarian version of his first name and published as \u00d6d\u00f6n von Horv\u00e1th.\n\n", "Q3780788": "Miguel A. Torres (born 1941) is a Spanish winemaker, author and businessman. He is President and Managing Director of Bodegas Torres, and is a member of the fourth generation of this family business. He also manages the company\u2019s vineyards in Chile and collaborates with his sister Marimar Torres in California.", "Q352051": "Daniel Patrick Adair (born February 19, 1975 in Vancouver) is a Canadian drummer, percussionist, and producer. He is best known for his work with Nickelback and his previous work with 3 Doors Down. He also works with the Canadian band Suspect and the instrumental fusion band Martone.\nAdair often uses the quote \"The harder you work, the luckier you get.\" coined by Gary Player, to describe his career.", "Q434825": "Mary Scheer (born March 19, 1963) is an American actress, comedian, screenwriter and producer, who is best known for her work throughout television. She had recurring roles as Marissa Benson on the Nickelodeon-sitcom iCarly, and as Gladys on the Disney Channel series Bunk'd. She voiced Alice the Zookeeper on Nickelodeon animated series The Penguins of Madagascar, and was part of the original cast on the sketch comedy show Mad TV.", "Q95558": "Sabine Wils (born 31 May 1959) is a German politician. Since 2009, she has been a Member of the European Parliament for Die Linke.\n\n", "Q292261": "Jennifer Batten (born November 29, 1957) is an American guitarist who has worked as a session musician and solo artist. From 1987 to 1997 she played in all three of Michael Jackson's world tours, and from 1999 to 2001 she toured and recorded with Jeff Beck. She has released three studio albums: her 1992 debut, Above Below and Beyond (produced by former Stevie Wonder guitarist Michael Sembello), the worldbeat-influenced Jennifer Batten's Tribal Rage: Momentum in 1997, and Whatever, which was released on CD and DVD in Japan in September 2007 and worldwide in April 2008.", "Q561818": "Bjarni Benediktsson (30 April 1908 \u2013 10 July 1970) was Prime Minister of Iceland from 14 November 1963 to 10 July 1970. His father, Benedikt Sveinsson (1877\u20131954), was a leader in the independence movement in Iceland and a member of the Althingi from 1908 to 1931.\nBjarni studied constitutional law and became a professor at the University of Iceland at age 24. He was elected to the city council in Reykjav\u00edk in 1934 as a member of the Independence Party and from 1940 to 1947 was mayor of the city.\n\nIn 1947 he became Foreign Minister and served in various posts in cabinets until 1956. Bjarni was mainly responsible for Iceland joining NATO in 1949, against significant opposition, and for giving the United States Air Force a lease on Keflav\u00edk Airport near Reykjav\u00edk, which was of major strategic importance during the Cold War.Bjarni was caricatured by the Nobel prize winning writer Halld\u00f3r Laxness in his 1948 play At\u00f3mst\u00f6\u00f0in (The Atom Station).In 1956, when the left-wing parties formed a coalition government, Bjarni, out of office, became editor of Morgunbla\u00f0i\u00f0, a leading conservative newspaper.\nIn 1959, when the Independence Party formed a coalition government with the Social Democrats, Bjarni became Minister of Justice. He served as speaker of the Althing in 1959. Two years later he was elected chairman of the Independence Party and in 1963 he took over from \u00d3lafur Thors as Prime Minister. He served in this position until his death, which was caused by a fire at a government summer house at \u00deingvellir; his wife and grandson also perished in the blaze.\nBjarni was the father of Bj\u00f6rn Bjarnason and Valger\u00f0ur Bjarnad\u00f3ttir, as well as the father-in-law of Vilmundur Gylfason. Bjarni was the great-uncle of his namesake Bjarni Benediktsson, who became Prime Minister in January 2017.", "Q57619": "Benjamin Franklin Wedekind (July 24, 1864 \u2013 March 9, 1918), usually known as Frank Wedekind, was a German playwright. His work, which often criticizes bourgeois attitudes (particularly towards sex), is considered to anticipate expressionism and was influential in the development of epic theatre.Before 2006 Wedekind was best known for the \"Lulu\" cycle, a two-play series\u2014Erdgeist (Earth Spirit, 1895) and Die B\u00fcchse der Pandora (Pandora's Box, 1904)\u2014centered on a young dancer/adventuress of mysterious origin. In 2006 his earlier play Fr\u00fchlings Erwachen (Spring Awakening, 1891) became well known because of a Broadway musical adaptation.", "Q11190781": "Babymetal (stylized as BABYMETAL) is a Japanese kawaii metal band. The band consists of Suzuka Nakamoto as \"Su-metal\" (Vocal and Dance) and Moa Kikuchi as \"Moametal\" (Scream and Dance). The band is produced by Kobametal from the Amuse talent agency. Their vocals are backed by heavy metal instrumentation, performed by a group of session musicians known as the \"Kami Band\" at performances.\nThe band was formed in 2010, with the original lineup of Su-metal (Vocal and Dance), Moametal (Scream and Dance), and Yui Mizuno as \"Yuimetal\" (Scream and Dance), with the concept of a fusion of the heavy metal and Japanese idol genres. Originally a sub-unit of the Japanese idol group Sakura Gakuin, Babymetal became an independent act in 2013, following Nakamoto's departure from Sakura Gakuin. Babymetal released their eponymous debut album in February 2014. Their second album Metal Resistance was released worldwide on April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01), charting well internationally for a Japanese band. Babymetal has also embarked on several tours, with a majority of their tour dates taking place outside of Asia.\nOn October 19, 2018, Babymetal announced that Yui Mizuno (Yuimetal) had decided to leave the band due to poor health, following her absence from live performances since December 2017. Since her departure, the band has performed with one or more backup dancers called at live performances. In 2019, the band introduced three backup dancers that were present in a rotation on each live show to form a trio with Moametal and Su-metal, with the dancers being called Avengers.", "Q1064038": "Charles Dalton (June 9, 1850 \u2013 December 9, 1933) was a Prince Edward Island businessman, politician and philanthropist.\n\n", "Q155786": "Dennis Gabor ( GAH-bor, g\u0259-BOR; Hungarian: G\u00e1bor D\u00e9nes [\u02c8\u0261a\u02d0bor \u02c8de\u02d0n\u025b\u0283]; 5 June 1900 \u2013 9 February 1979) was a Hungarian-British electrical engineer and physicist, most notable for inventing holography, for which he later received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physics.G\u00e1bor D\u00e9nes College in Budapest, Hungary, is named after him in honour of his works.\n\n", "Q48739": "Harald Meldal Eia (born 9 February 1966) is a Norwegian comedian, sociologist and documentarian.", "Q717936": "Sakyo Komatsu (\u5c0f\u677e \u5de6\u4eac, Komatsu Saky\u014d, January 28, 1931 \u2013 July 26, 2011) was a Japanese science fiction writer and screenwriter. He was one of the most well known and highly regarded science fiction writers in Japan.", "Q209055": "Torquay ( tor-KEE) is a seaside town in Devon, England, part of the unitary authority area of Torbay. It lies 18 miles (29 km) south of the county town of Exeter and 28 miles (45 km) east-north-east of Plymouth, on the north of Tor Bay, adjoining the neighbouring town of Paignton on the west of the bay and across from the fishing port of Brixham.\nThe town's economy, like Brixham's, was initially based upon fishing and agriculture, but in the early 19th century it began to develop into a fashionable seaside resort, initially frequented by members of the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars while the Royal Navy anchored in the bay. Later, as the town's fame spread, it was popular with Victorian society. Renowned for its mild climate, the town earned the nickname the English Riviera.\nThe writer Agatha Christie was born in the town and lived at Ashfield in Torquay during her early years. There is an \"Agatha Christie Mile\", a tour with plaques dedicated to her life and work.", "Q84441": "Odilo Globo\u010dnik (21 April 1904 \u2013 31 May 1945) was an Austrian war criminal. He was a member of the National Socialist German Worker's Party and later a high-ranking leader of the Schutzstaffel. As an associate of Adolf Eichmann, he had a leading role in Operation Reinhard, which saw the murder of over one million mostly Polish Jews during the Holocaust in Nazi extermination camps Majdanek, Treblinka, Sobib\u00f3r and Be\u0142\u017cec. Historian Michael Allen described him as \"the vilest individual in the vilest organization ever known\".As a leading Nazi official, and perpetrator of not only the Holocaust but the enslavement and ethnic cleansing of millions of Poles and other Slavs, rumors of Globo\u010dnik's Slavic ancestry (which has been inferred from his obviously Slavic surname) has drawn the interest of historians. In his 2004 biography on Globo\u010dnik, historian Joseph Kranjc devoted the entire first chapter to the debate concerning his ancestry. He describes how Globo\u010dnik was ridiculed for his surname, in light of the Nazi classification of Slavs as sub-human (Untermenschen). But Globo\u010dnik was defended by senior Nazis such as Himmler, who maintained that he was of Aryan origin and that his surname was the product of slavicization.", "Q92223": "Heinz von Lichberg, real name Heinz von Eschwege (born 1890 in Marburg, died March 14, 1951 in L\u00fcbeck) was a German author and journalist, remembered chiefly for his 1916 short story Lolita. It has been argued that Vladimir Nabokov based his 1955 novel of the same name on Lichberg's story. The story was published in a collection of 15 short stories titled Die verfluchte Gioconda (The Accursed Gioconda).\nBorn to a family of Hessian nobility, he chose the pen name of Heinz von Lichberg after Leuchtberg near Eschwege, where many battles had been fought. He served in the cavalry during the First World War, and after the war worked as a journalist and author in Berlin. He reported from Graf Zeppelin during its record-breaking flight around the world in 1929, earning a name as a foreign correspondent. He became a member of the Nazi Party in 1933 and worked as a radio journalist and a culture journalist with the V\u00f6lkischer Beobachter. He left the Nazi Party in 1938 and rejoined the military during the Second World War, serving in the Abwehr military intelligence department. After the war, he settled in L\u00fcbeck, where he worked for a L\u00fcbeck newspaper and died in 1951.\nLichberg was mostly forgotten, until literary scholar Michael Maar came across his \"Lolita\" short story and argued in several articles and a 2005 book that Nabokov had derived his story from Lichberg's work.\nIn Lichberg's \"Lolita\", the story takes place in Spain.", "Q78822": "Johann Gottlieb Stephanie the Younger (19 February 1741 \u2013 23 January 1800) was an Austrian playwright, director and librettist, most famously to Mozart.\nStephanie was born in Breslau, Prussia, but came to Vienna during the Seven Years' War as a Prussian prisoner of war. He was appointed to head the National Singspiel, a favourite project of Emperor Joseph II. He died in Vienna, aged 58.\nStephanie's adaptation of Christoph Friedrich Bretzner's Entf\u00fchrung has been harshly criticized; E. J. Dent called it \"the very worst that he ever set to music.\" Mozart wrote to his father saying that \"you are quite right so far as Stephanie's work is concerned. ... I am well aware that the verse is not of the best.\"In 1769 Stephanie adapted Shakespeare's Macbeth to suit popular taste in Vienna. It was performed in the 1770s.\n\n", "Q7049542": "Nonpartisanism is a lack of affiliation with, and a lack of bias toward, a political party.While an Oxford English Dictionary definition of partisan includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., in most cases, nonpartisan refers specifically to political party connections rather than being the strict antonym of \"partisan\".", "Q386572": "Ralph Alger Bagnold, OBE, FRS, (3 April 1896 \u2013 28 May 1990) was an English 20th-century desert explorer, geologist and soldier. \nIn 1932 he staged the first recorded East-to-West crossing of the Libyan Desert. His work in the field of Aeolian processes produced the book The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes, which has been used by United States' space agency NASA in its study of the terrain of the planet Mars, the Bagnold Dunes on Mars' surface being named after him by the organization.During World War 2 he was a soldier in the British Army, in which he founded the behind-the-lines reconnaissance, espionage and raiding unit the \"Long Range Desert Group\", serving as its first commanding officer in the North Africa Campaign.", "Q434831": "Josina Cornelia \"Josje\" Huisman (born 16 February 1986 in Heusden) is a Dutch singer, actress, dancer, host and writer best known as the second blonde member of the girl group K3. She was the winner of the televised talent show K2 zoekt K3 in 2009 and was part of the group until 2015.", "Q59634": "Not Here to Be Loved (French: Je ne suis pas l\u00e0 pour \u00eatre aim\u00e9) is a 2005 French film directed by St\u00e9phane Briz\u00e9.", "Q67902": "Oberstammheim is a former municipality in the district of Andelfingen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.", "Q154498": "Sachsenhausen (German pronunciation: [zaks\u0259n\u02c8ha\u028az\u0259n]) or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg) was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany used from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May 1945.\nThe Sachsenhausen concentration camp mainly held political prisoners throughout World War II. Prominent prisoners include Joseph Stalin's oldest son Yakov Dzhugashvili, murderer Herschel Grynszpan, Paul Reynaud the penultimate Prime Minister of France, the wife and children of the Crown Prince of Bavaria, and several enemy soldiers and political dissidents. \nSachsenhausen was a labor camp outfitted with several subcamps, a gas chamber, and a medical experimentation area. Prisoners were treated harshly, fed sparingly, and killed openly. Those held captive in Sachsenhausen were the men and women which the Third Reich wanted dead, not just because of their religion, but because of their political beliefs and their power over those who listened to them. After World War II, when Oranienburg was in the Soviet Occupation Zone, the structure was used as an NKVD special camp until 1950 (See NKVD special camp Nr. 7). Today, Sachsenhausen is open to the public as a memorial for the atrocities committed within its walls.", "Q96045": "Prince Gustav Franz Maria of Thurn and Taxis, full German name: Gustav Franz Maria, Prinz von Thurn und Taxis (22 August 1888, Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony \u2013 30 April 1919, Munich, Bavarian Soviet Republic), was a member of the House of Thurn and Taxis and a Prince of Thurn and Taxis by birth. As a member of the Thule Society, Gustav was killed by the Bavarian Soviet Republic (German: Bayerische R\u00e4terepublik) government during the German Revolution of 1918\u201319.", "Q157191": "Marcel Marceau (French pronunciation: \u200b[ma\u0281s\u025bl ma\u0281so]; born Marcel Mangel; 22 March 1923 \u2013 22 September 2007) was a French actor and mime artist most famous for his stage persona as \"Bip the Clown\". He referred to mime as the \"art of silence\" and he performed professionally worldwide for over 60 years. As a youth, he lived in hiding and worked with the French Resistance during most of World War II, giving his first major performance to 3,000 troops after the liberation of Paris in August 1944. Following the war, he studied dramatic art and mime in Paris.\nIn 1959, he established his own pantomime school in Paris, and subsequently set up the Marceau Foundation to promote the art in the U.S. Among his various awards and honours he was made \"Grand Officier de la L\u00e9gion d'Honneur\" (1998) and was awarded the National Order of Merit (1998) in France. He won the Emmy Award for his work on television, was elected member of the Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin and was declared a \"National treasure\" in Japan. He was friends with Michael Jackson for nearly 20 years and Jackson said he used some of Marceau's techniques in his own dance steps.", "Q289133": "Ern\u0151 Garami ( born as Ern\u0151 Gr\u00fcnbaum, 13 December 1876 - 28 May 1935) was a Hungarian mechanic who became a social democratic politician and editor, who served as Minister of Justice in 1919.", "Q214762": "Dijjers Spanier (born Nicolina Dijjers Spanier; 5 November 1909 \u2013 after March 1982), known professionally as Lien Deyers, was a Dutch actress based in Germany.", "Q448534": "Una O'Connor (born Agnes Teresa McGlade, 23 October 1880 \u2013 4 February 1959) was an Irish-American actress who worked extensively in theatre before becoming a character actress in film and in television. She often portrayed comical wives, housekeepers and servants.", "Q713588": "Gilbert Frank Amelio (born March 1, 1943) is an American technology executive. Amelio worked at Bell Labs, Fairchild Semiconductor, and the semiconductor division of Rockwell International, and also a former CEO of National Semiconductor and Apple Computer.\n\n", "Q121007": "Horst Kummeth (born 27 December 1956 in Forchheim, Germany) is a German television actor, writer and director.", "Q167052": "Pope Gregory IV (Latin: Gregorius IV; died 25 January 844) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from October 827 to his death. His pontificate was notable for the papacy\u2019s attempts to intervene in the quarrels between Emperor Louis the Pious and his sons. It also saw the breakup of the Carolingian Empire in 843.", "Q139648": "A technology evangelist is a person who builds a critical mass of support for a given technology, and then establishes it as a technical standard in a market that is subject to network effects. The word evangelism is borrowed from the context of religious evangelism due to the similarity of sharing information about a particular concept with the intention of having others adopt that concept. This is typically accomplished by showcasing the potential uses and benefits of a technology to help others understand how they can use it for themselves.", "Q1282277": "Ed Bell (born May 1905, died 1960, 1965 or 1966) was an American Piedmont blues and country blues singer, guitarist and songwriter whose identity has only recently been verified by historians. Some of his records were released under the pseudonyms Sluefoot Joe and Barefoot Bill from Alabama. His best-remembered recording is \"Mamlish Blues\".Colin Larkin noted in the Encyclopedia of Popular Music that \"Bell stands as the most influential Alabama artist in pre-war blues recordings.\"", "Q127476": "Sean Hoare (c. 1963 \u2013 c. 17 July 2011) was a British entertainment journalist. He contributed to articles on show business, from actors to reality television stars. He played a central role in contributing to exposing the News International phone hacking scandal.", "Q98068": "Manfred Curry (11 December 1899 \u2013 13 February 1953) was a German born American scientist, physician, inventor, sailor and author. Born in Munich, Germany to American parents.", "Q1711830": "Julia Frances Cumberlege, Baroness Cumberlege (n\u00e9e Camm), CBE, DSG, DL (born 27 January 1943) is a British Conservative Party politician and businesswoman. She was created a life peer in 1990 as Baroness Cumberlege, of Newick in the County of East Sussex.", "Q898820": "Mudhoney is an American alternative rock band formed in Seattle, Washington in 1988, following the demise of Green River. Mudhoney's members are singer and rhythm guitarist Mark Arm, lead guitarist Steve Turner, bassist Guy Maddison and drummer Dan Peters. Original bassist Matt Lukin left the band in 1999.\nMudhoney's early releases on the Sub Pop label, particularly their debut single \"Touch Me I'm Sick\" and the Superfuzz Bigmuff EP, were massively influential on the Seattle music scene. More than almost any other release of the era they inspired the dirty, high-distortion sound that would become grunge. Later on, Mudhoney also mixed heavy blues rock and punk rock into their sound at various stages. Although the band has found little commercial success during its long career, which has yielded ten studio albums, it has inspired countless grunge and alternative rock musicians.", "Q384403": "Litom\u011b\u0159ice (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8l\u026atom\u0272\u025br\u031d\u026ats\u025b]; German: Leitmeritz) is a town at the junction of the rivers Elbe (Czech: Labe) and Oh\u0159e (German: Eger) in the northern part of the Czech Republic, approximately 64 km (40 mi) northwest of Prague.\nThe area within the \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem Region is sometimes called The Garden of Bohemia due to the mild weather conditions important for growing fruits and grapes. During the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, many pensioners chose it over more southern areas of the Empire.\nThe town is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Litom\u011b\u0159ice (part of Archdiocese of Prague), the 4th oldest \u2013 and 3rd still existing \u2013 Catholic diocese on present Czech territory.", "Q168407": "Deutsche Grammophon (DGG) is a German classical music record label that was the precursor of the corporation PolyGram. Headquartered in Berlin Friedrichshain, it is now part of Universal Music Group (UMG) since its merger with the UMG family of labels in 1999. It is the oldest surviving established record company.", "Q170248": "Born in Gandersheim to Saxon nobles Hrotsvitha (c. 935 \u2013 973) was a German secular canoness, who wrote dramas and poems during the rule of the Ottonian dynasty. Hrotsvitha lived at Gandersheim Abbey. She is considered the first female writer from the German Lands, the first female historian, the first person since antiquity to write dramas in the Latin West, and the first female poetess in Germany.Hrotsvitha's six short dramas are considered to be her most important works. She is one of the few women who wrote about her life during the early Middle Ages, making her one of the only people to record a history of women in that era from a woman's perspective. She has been called \"the most remarkable woman of her time\", and an important figure in the history of women.Little is known about Hrotsvitha's personal life. All of her writing is in Latin. It was rediscovered and translated in the 1600s.Hrotsvitha's name (Latin: Hrotsvitha Gandeshemensis) appears in various forms including: Hrotsvit, Hrosvite, Hroswitha, Hroswithe, Rhotswitha, Roswit and Roswitha. It means \"a mighty shout\", and speaks to the way she wanted to glorify Christian heroes and legends, as well as the values they represent. Some have commented on how this either represents or conflicts with the personality presented in her writing.While many have questioned the authenticity of Hrotsvitha's work, examinations and collections of her works, coupled with multiple historical and contemporary works that speak of her, demonstrate that Hrotsvitha's work is authentic. Feminist scholars have argued that this questioning of the authenticity of Hrotsvitha's work reveals a sexist narrative rather than revealing a flaw in her work or that she did not exist, as individuals have been engaging with her work for hundreds of years, and with increased intensity since her rediscovery in the 15th century.", "Q1027673": "John Netherland Heiskell (November 2, 1872 \u2013 December 28, 1972) was a prominent American newspaper editor who served briefly in the United States Senate after being appointed to fill a vacancy. He was the editor of the Arkansas Gazette from 1902 until his death, and served in the United States Senate from Arkansas briefly in 1913. As the result of his long life, Heiskell attained several Senate longevity records, and was the second U.S. Senator to reach the age of 100.", "Q55768": "Geeta Janardan Sane (Devanagari: \u0917\u0940\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0928\u0947) (1907\u20131991) was a feminist writer from Maharashtra, India.", "Q286566": "\u00c9mile-Jean-Joseph Vuillermoz (23 May 1878 \u2013 2 March 1960) was a French critic in the areas of music, film, drama \u2013and literature. He was also a composer, but abandoned this for criticism.", "Q59152": "Lauren Oliver (born Laura Suzanne Schechter; November 8, 1982) is an American author of numerous young adult novels including Panic; the Delirium trilogy: Delirium, Pandemonium, and Requiem; and Before I Fall, which became a major motion picture in 2017. Her novels have been translated into more than thirty languages internationally. Oliver is a 2012 E.B. White Read-Aloud Award nominee for her middle-grade novel Liesl & Po, as well as author of the middle-grade fantasy novel The Spindlers.\nOliver graduated from the University of Chicago, where she was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, and also received a Master of Fine Arts degree from New York University. In 2010, Oliver co-founded Paper Lantern Lit, a literary \u201cincubator\u201d/ development company now called Glasstown Entertainment with Razorbill editor and poet Lexa Hillyer.\n\n", "Q92545": "Sidonia Hedwig Z\u00e4unemann (15 January 1711 \u2013 11 December 1740), known as die Z\u00e4unem\u00e4nnin, was a German poet. Z\u00e4unemann was inspired by the example of Christiana Mariana von Ziegler. She became Poet Laureate of G\u00f6ttingen at the age of twenty-four.", "Q239828": "Lara Catherina Stone (born 20 December 1983) is a Dutch fashion model.", "Q445776": "Salwa Bakr (born 1949) is an Egyptian critic, novelist and author. She was born in the Matariyya district in Cairo in 1949. Her father was a railway worker. She studied business at Ain Shams University, gaining a BA degree in 1972. She went on to earn another BA in literary criticism in 1976, before embarking on a career in journalism. She worked as a film and theatre critic for various Arabic newspapers and magazines. Bakr lived in Cyprus for a few years with her husband before returning to Egypt in the mid-1980s.\nBakr's father died early, leaving her mother a poor widow. Her work often deals with the lives of the impoverished and the marginalized. In his collection of short stories by Arab writers, the Serbian literary critic Srpko Le\u0161tari\u0107 wrote: \"Part of Salwa Bakr\u2019s popularity lies in her being a counterforce to the conservative voices which challenge her work because they feel threatened by it.\" In particular, many of her stories deal with the problems of women of different social levels in Egyptian society, as exemplified in the stories told by women inmates of a prison in her novel The Golden Chariot.In 1985, she published her first collection of short stories, Zinat at the President's Funeral, which was an immediate success. She has published several collections of short stories and novels since. Her debut novel of 1993 was called Wasf al-Bulbul (The Description of the Nightingale).", "Q50610": "Hilda Lucia Solis (; born October 20, 1957) is an American politician and a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for the 1st district. Solis previously served as the 25th United States Secretary of Labor from 2009 to 2013, as part of the administration of President Barack Obama. She is a member of the Democratic Party and served in the United States House of Representatives from 2001 to 2009, representing the 31st and 32nd congressional districts of California that include East Los Angeles and the San Gabriel Valley.\nSolis was raised in La Puente, California, by immigrant parents from Nicaragua and Mexico. She earned degrees from the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona and the University of Southern California and worked for two federal agencies in Washington, D.C. Returning to her native state, she was elected to the Rio Hondo Community College Board of Trustees in 1985, the California State Assembly in 1992, and the California State Senate in 1994. She was the first Hispanic woman to serve in the State Senate, and was reelected there in 1998. Solis sought to pass environmental justice legislation. She was the first female recipient of the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award in 2000.\nSolis defeated a long-time Democratic incumbent as part of getting elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2000, where she focused mainly on labor causes and environmental work. She was reelected easily to four subsequent terms. In December 2008, President-elect Barack Obama announced his intention to nominate Solis as the next U.S. Secretary of Labor. She took office after being confirmed by the United States Senate in February 2009, becoming the first Latina to serve in the U.S. Cabinet. There she focused on workplace safety issues and on strengthening compliance with wage and hour laws. In January 2013, Solis stepped down from her post as Labor Secretary.\nReturning to the area of her upbringing, in April 2014, Solis formally announced a campaign for a seat on the non-partisan Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Solis won the seat outright in a June 3 election and was sworn in on December 1. As Supervisor, Solis successfully lobbied the state to allocate funds for the Exide battery plant cleanup. One of her areas of responsibility was Downtown Los Angeles, where her main priority was dealing with gentrification and the lack of affordable housing. She was unopposed for re-election as Supervisor, which took place in June 2018.\n\n", "Q520688": "Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Ara\u00fajo (March 28, 1810 \u2013 September 13, 1877) was a Portuguese novelist and historian.", "Q934506": "Mark Margolis (born November 26, 1939) is an American actor. He has played Alberto \"The Shadow\" in Scarface (1983) and Antonio Nappa in Oz, and his performance as Hector Salamanca in Breaking Bad was nominated in 2012 for an Emmy Award. He has continued the Hector Salamanca role in the Breaking Bad prequel series Better Call Saul.", "Q228925": "Dana Welles Delany (born March 13, 1956) is an American actress, producer, and activist. After appearing in small roles early in her career, Delany received her breakthrough role as Colleen McMurphy on the ABC television drama China Beach (1988\u20131991), for which she twice received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 1989 and 1992. She received further recognition for her appearances in the films Light Sleeper (1992), Tombstone (1993), Exit to Eden (1994), The Margaret Sanger Story (1995), Fly Away Home (1996), True Women (1997), and Wide Awake (1998).\nIn the 2000s, Delany appeared in main roles on several short-lived television series, including Pasadena (2001), Presidio Med (2002\u20132003), and Kidnapped (2006\u20132007). From 2007 to 2010, she starred as Katherine Mayfair on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives, for which she received a Prism Award in 2009. Delany then starred as Megan Hunt on the ABC medical drama Body of Proof (2011\u20132013), and as Crystal Harris on the Amazon drama series Hand of God (2014\u20132017).\n\n", "Q354352": "Leonard Darwin (15 January 1850 \u2013 26 March 1943) was an English politician, economist and eugenicist. He was a son of the naturalist Charles Darwin, and also a mentor to Ronald Fisher, a statistician and evolutionary biologist.", "Q632552": "The French Parliament (French: Parlement fran\u00e7ais) is the bicameral legislature of the French Republic, consisting of the Senate (S\u00e9nat) and the National Assembly (Assembl\u00e9e nationale). Each assembly conducts legislative sessions at a separate location in Paris: the Palais du Luxembourg for the Senate and the Palais Bourbon for the National Assembly.\nEach house has its own regulations and rules of procedure. However, they may occasionally meet as a single house, the French Congress (Congr\u00e8s du Parlement fran\u00e7ais), convened at the Palace of Versailles, to revise and amend the Constitution of France.", "Q133365": "Gena Lee Nolin (born November 29, 1971) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her television appearances on The Price Is Right and Baywatch in the 1990s and during the early 2000s, she played the lead role in Sheena.", "Q442019": "Dreama Elyse Walker (born June 20, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for her supporting role on the series Gossip Girl, her lead role in the film Compliance (2012), and her lead roles in two short-lived television series, the comedy Don't Trust the B---- in Apartment 23 and the legal drama Doubt. In 2019, Walker portrayed Connie Stevens in Quentin Tarantino's Once Upon A Time in Hollywood (2019).", "Q4414": "Faure Essozimna Gnassingb\u00e9 Eyad\u00e9ma (French pronunciation: \u200b[fo\u0281 \u0261nasi\u014b\u0261be]; born 6 June 1966) is a Togolese politician and dictator who has been the President of Togo since 2005. Before assuming the presidency, he was appointed by his father, President Gnassingb\u00e9 Eyad\u00e9ma, as Minister of Equipment, Mines, Posts, and Telecommunications, serving from 2003 to 2005.\nFollowing President Eyad\u00e9ma's death in 2005, Gnassingb\u00e9 was immediately installed as President with support from the army. Doubts regarding the constitutional legitimacy of the succession led to heavy regional pressure being placed on Gnassingb\u00e9, and he subsequently resigned on 25 February. He then won a controversial presidential election on 24 April 2005, and was sworn in as President. Gnassingb\u00e9 was re-elected for a second term in 2010.\nIn the April 2015 presidential election, Gnassingb\u00e9 won a third term, defeating his main challenger, Jean-Pierre Fabre, by a margin of about 59% to 35%, according to official results.In the February 2020 presidential elections, Faure Essozimna Gnassingb\u00e9 Eyad\u00e9ma won his fourth presidential term in office as the President of Togo. According to the official result, he won with a margin of around 72% of the vote share. This enabled him to defeat his closest challenger, the former prime minister Agbeyome Kodjo who had 18%.", "Q673283": "Jan Lam (1838 - 1886) was a Polish journalist, writer and comic, as well as a teacher in numerous schools of Galicia. He is probably best remembered as the author of a poem Marsz Soko\u0142\u00f3w, the anthem of the Sok\u00f3\u0142, as well as a long-time journalist of the Dziennik Polski daily.\nJan Lam was born Johann Lam on January 16, 1838 in the town of Stanis\u0142aw\u00f3w, Austria-Hungary (now Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine). Born to a German family, he chose to be a Pole much like most of his colleagues and took part in the January Uprising against Imperial Russia. Upon his return to Austria in 1864 he was arrested and sentenced to one year in prison for his part in the struggle against Russia.\nIn 1866 he moved to Lw\u00f3w, where he briefly appeared as a journalist of the Gazeta Narodowa daily. In 1868 he started publishing a weekly Lw\u00f3w chronicles column, a largely popular satirical rubric. Its popularity made him change the newspaper and the following year he was hired by the Dziennik Polski, the most popular Polish language newspaper of Galicia. He also published a number of novels, most of which were also satirical to some extent. In his works he mocked the short-mindedness of the szlachta and the clergy, as well as the absurdities of Austro-Hungarian rule and red-tape in Galicia. Such topics made Lam one of the most popular journalist of Lw\u00f3w, a town primarily inhabited by burghers rather than gentry. He died August 3, 1886 in Lw\u00f3w (then Austro-Hungarian Galicia, modern Lviv in Ukraine).", "Q152764": "Gabriel-Maximilien Leuvielle (16 December 1883 \u2013 1 November 1925), known professionally as Max Linder (French: [maks l\u025b\u0303.d\u025b\u0281]), was a French actor, director, screenwriter, producer and comedian of the silent film era. His onscreen persona \"Max\" was one of the first recognizable recurring characters in film. He has also been cited as the \"first international movie star\" and \"the first film star anywhere\".Born in Cavernes, France to Catholic parents, Linder grew up with a passion for theater and enrolled in the Conservatoire Bordeaux in 1899. He soon received awards for his performances and continued to pursue a career in the legitimate theater. He became a contract player with the Bordeaux Th\u00e9\u00e2tre des Arts from 1901 to 1904, performing in plays by Moli\u00e8re, Pierre Corneille and Alfred de Musset.\nFrom the summer of 1905, Linder appeared in short comedy films for Path\u00e9, at first usually in supporting roles. His first major film role was in the Georges M\u00e9li\u00e8s-like fantasy film The Legend of Punching. During the following years, Linder made several hundred short films portraying \"Max\", a wealthy and dapper man-about-town frequently in hot water because of his penchant for beautiful women and the good life. Starting with The Skater's Debut in 1907, the character became one of the first identifiable motion-picture characters who appeared in successive situation comedies. By 1911, Linder was co-directing his own films (with Ren\u00e9 LePrince) as well as writing the scripts.\nLinder enlisted at the outbreak of the First World War, and worked at first as a dispatch driver and entertainer. During his service, he was injured several times, and the experiences reportedly had a devastating effect on him both physically and mentally. It was during this time he suffered his first outbreak of chronic depression.\n\n", "Q335753": "Tilahun Gessesse (Amharic: \u1325\u120b\u1201\u1295 \u1308\u1220\u1220; September 29, 1940 \u2013 April 19, 2009) was an Ethiopian singer regarded as the most popular of his country's \"Golden Age\" in the 1960s. During the 1960s, he became famous throughout the country, nicknamed \"The Voice\". He raised money for aid during the famines of the 1970s and 1980s and earned the affection of the nation, being awarded a doctorate degree by the University of Addis Ababa and also winning a lifetime achievement award from the Ethiopian Fine Art and Mass Media Prize Trust.\nIn his later years, he suffered from diabetes. He died on April 19, 2009 in Addis Adaba shortly after returning from United States. Tilahun was honoured with a state funeral attended by tens of thousands of his fellow citizens.", "Q314945": "Michael Anthony Richards (born July 24, 1949) is an American actor, writer, television producer and retired comedian. He began his career as a stand-up comedian, first entering the national spotlight when he was featured on Billy Crystal's first cable TV special. He went on to become a series regular on ABC's Fridays. He made numerous guest appearances on a variety of television shows, such as Cheers. His film credits include So I Married an Axe Murderer, Airheads, Young Doctors in Love, Problem Child, Coneheads, UHF, and Trial and Error, one of his few starring roles.\nFrom 1989 to 1998, he played Cosmo Kramer on the television sitcom Seinfeld, receiving the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series three times. During the run of Seinfeld, he made a guest appearance in Mad About You. After Seinfeld, Richards starred in his own sitcom, The Michael Richards Show, which lasted less than one full season.\nWhen Seinfeld ended in 1998, Richards returned to stand-up comedy. He incited media furor while performing at the Laugh Factory comedy club in late 2006 after a cell phone video was published of him launching into an expletive-laced racist tirade after earlier interruptions from a group of late-arriving audience members. Subsequently, due to significant media coverage of the event he announced his retirement from stand-up early in 2007. He appeared as himself in the seventh season of Curb Your Enthusiasm in 2009, acting alongside his fellow cast members for the first time since Seinfeld's finale, as well as lampooning his incident at the Laugh Factory. In 2013, Richards returned to television when he played the role of Frank in the sitcom Kirstie.", "Q77244": "William I, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (Frankfurt am Main, 12 May 1330 \u2013 15 April 1389, Le Quesnoy), was the second son of Emperor Louis IV and Margaret II of Hainaut. He was also known as William V, Count of Holland, as William III, Count of Hainaut and as William IV, Count of Zeeland.", "Q807655": "Barbara St\u00fchlmeyer OblOSB (born 12 November 1964) is a German theologian, musicologist, writer and contributing editor, especially a Hildegard scholar.", "Q267001": "Margaret Colin (born May 26, 1958) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Margo Hughes on As the World Turns and as Eleanor Waldorf-Rose on Gossip Girl.", "Q1430113": "Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales (English: National Institute for Oriental Languages and Civilizations) is a French research institution teaching languages that span Central Europe, Africa, Asia, America, and Oceania. It is often informally called Langues O\u2019 (pronounced [l\u0251\u0303\u0261.z\u203fo], an abbreviation for langues orientales) or more recently by the acronym Inalco.", "Q112340": "Hans Walter Aust (June 20, 1900 in Mainz \u2013 April 28, 1983) was a German journalist.\nHans Walter Aust came from a Silesian family. His grandfather, Rudolph Austin (1833\u20131907) was a merchant in Neusalz, the father Aust Walther (1871\u20131928) was a fittings manufacturer in Berlin. Aust had military training as a cadet and officer.\nHe joined the NSDAP (Nazi Party) on May 1, 1933. He was a member of the Reich Press Chamber and was exempt from military service. In 1942 he began a two-year prison sentence and was expelled from the Reich Press Chamber. After the end of World War II he worked from May 1945 in the T\u00e4gliche Rundschau, where he was promoted to deputy chief of the economic portfolios, and became a member of the SED. When the T\u00e4gliche Rundschau was discontinued, he received the post of editor in chief of the German political journal Deutsche Au\u00dfenpolitik, which he held until 1969. He also wrote several articles for Die Weltb\u00fchne.\nAust was a member of the Gesellschaft zur Verbreitung wissenschaftlicher Kenntnisse (Board of the Society for the Dissemination of Scientific Knowledge) and the Liga f\u00fcr V\u00f6lkerverst\u00e4ndigung (League for International Understanding). He received the Vaterl\u00e4ndischer Verdienstorden (Patriotic Order of Merit) in 1960 in bronze and in 1965 in silver.", "Q50823": "Leopold Hermann Ludwig von Boyen (20 June 1771 \u2013 15 February 1848) was a Prussian army officer who helped to reform the Prussian Army in the early 19th century. He also served as minister of war of Prussia in the period 1810-1813 and later again from 1 March 1841 \u2013 6 October 1847.", "Q93868": "Material Girls is a 2006 American teen comedy film starring Hilary and Haylie Duff, Anjelica Huston, Lukas Haas, Maria Conchita Alonzo, and Brent Spiner. It is based on a script written by John Quaintance and is directed by Martha Coolidge. It is loosely based on Jane Austen's 1811 novel Sense and Sensibility, updating the setting to modern Los Angeles. It is co-produced by Patriot Pictures and Maverick Films.", "Q540197": "Maurine Dallas Watkins (July 27, 1896? \u2013 August 10, 1969) was an American playwright and screenwriter. For a brief time she worked as a journalist covering the courthouse beat for the Chicago Tribune. This experience gave her the material for her most famous piece of work, which was eventually adapted into the Broadway musical Chicago. \nIn the 1920s Watkins wrote the stage play, Chicago (1926), about women accused of murder, the press, celebrity criminals, and the corruption of justice. Her play had a successful run on Broadway and international tour, during the roaring twenties \u2014 the play was then adapted in the 1920s and 1940s for film. After Watkins death in 1969, Chicago was turned into in the successful Broadway musical. \nWatkins was born in Kentucky and grew up in Indiana. She graduated with honors from Butler University and headed to Radcliffe, where she received training as a dramatist. She left Radcliffe and was in advertising in Chicago in the early 1920s. She then landed a job as a reporter before returning to university at what became Yale Drama School and play-writing success. Watkins went on to write screenplays in Hollywood, eventually retiring to Florida.", "Q230159": "Jane Darwell (born Patti Woodard; October 15, 1879 \u2013 August 13, 1967) was an American actress of stage, film, and television. With appearances in more than 100 major movies spanning half a century, Darwell is perhaps best-remembered for her poignant portrayal of the matriarch and leader of the Joad family in the film adaptation of John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, for which she received the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, and her role as the Bird Woman in Disney's musical family film Mary Poppins. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q216820": "Youngstown is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio, and the county seat of Mahoning County. According to the 2010 United States Census, Youngstown had a city proper population of 66,982, making it the 9th-largest city in Ohio. Youngstown is the mainstay of the Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, with a population of 565,773; this makes it the 105th-largest metropolitan area in the United States, and the 7th-largest in Ohio.Youngstown is on the Mahoning River, approximately 65 miles (105 km) southeast of Cleveland, Ohio and 61 miles (100 km) northwest of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Despite having its own media market, Youngstown is often included in commercial and cultural depictions of both Northeast Ohio as well as the Greater Pittsburgh Region due to these proximities. Youngstown is also the midway between New York City and Chicago, Illinois via Interstate 80. \nThe city was named for John Young, an early settler from Whitestown, New York, who established the community's first sawmill and gristmill. Youngstown is a midwestern city, falling within a region of America often referred to as the Rust Belt. Traditionally known as a center of steel production, Youngstown was forced to redefine itself when the U.S. steel industry fell into decline in the 1970s, leaving communities throughout the region without major industry. The city has experienced a decline of over 60% of its population since 1959. Youngstown falls within the Appalachian Ohio region, among the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains.\nDowntown Youngstown has seen tremendous change within the last several years, becoming a center of culture, entertainment and innovation. It is now home to bars, restaurants, and the recently completed Youngstown Foundation Amphitheater. Youngstown's first new downtown hotel since 1974\u2014the DoubleTree by Hilton\u2014opened in 2018 in the historic Stambaugh Building with first floor commercial space including a restaurant. Several businesses, such as Turning Technologies, an education technology company are headquartered in Downtown Youngstown. In 2012, Forbes ranked Youngstown, Ohio 4th among the best cities in the U.S. for raising a family. The article included the city's schools, current low crime, cost-of-living, and property rates in its decision.", "Q380856": "Richard E. Grant (born Richard Grant Esterhuysen; 5 May 1957) is a Swazi-British actor. He made his film debut as Withnail in the comedy Withnail and I (1987) and has had prominent roles in films such as How to Get Ahead in Advertising (1989), Hudson Hawk (1991), The Player (1992), Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992), The Age of Innocence (1993), Spice World (1997), Gosford Park (2001), The Iron Lady (2011), Logan (2017), and Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (2019). \nIn 2018, Grant received critical acclaim for his role as Jack Hock in Can You Ever Forgive Me? (2018), winning the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male as well as receiving Academy Award, BAFTA, Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q71635": "Omid Nouripour (Persian: \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0648\u0631\u200e; born June 18, 1975) is a German politician of the Alliance '90/The Greens who currently serves as a member of the Bundestag, representing the state of Hesse. He is his party's spokesman on foreign affairs, and is a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and a deputy member of the Defence Committee. He is of Iranian background and moved to Germany as a child.", "Q781767": "Homer Louis \"Boots\" Randolph III (June 3, 1927 \u2013 July 3, 2007) was an American musician best known for his 1963 saxophone hit \"Yakety Sax\" (which became Benny Hill's signature tune). Randolph was a major part of the \"Nashville sound\" for most of his professional career.", "Q2006306": "N\u00e1rodn\u00ed listy (\"The National Newspaper\") was a Czech newspaper published in Prague from 1861 to 1941.", "Q65640": "Tinizong-Rona is a former municipality in the district of Albula in the Surs\u00e9s in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. It was formed in 1998 from the villages of Tinizong and Rona. The local administration is situated in Tinizong. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged to form the new municipality of Surses.", "Q320438": "Sir Herbert Nigel Gresley (19 June 1876 \u2013 5 April 1941) was a British railway engineer. He was one of Britain's most famous steam locomotive engineers, who rose to become Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). He was the designer of some of the most famous steam locomotives in Britain, including the LNER Class A1 and LNER Class A4 4-6-2 Pacific engines. An A1 Pacific, Flying Scotsman, was the first steam locomotive officially recorded over 100 mph in passenger service, and an A4, number 4468 Mallard, still holds the record for being the fastest steam locomotive in the world (126 mph).\nGresley's engines were considered elegant, both aesthetically and mechanically. His invention of a three-cylinder design with only two sets of Walschaerts valve gear, the Gresley conjugated valve gear, produced smooth running and power at lower cost than would have been achieved with a more conventional three sets of Walschaerts gear.", "Q382099": "Claudio Villa (born Claudio Pica; January 1, 1926 \u2013 February 7, 1987), was an Italian singer and actor.", "Q111649": "Stefan Wenzel (born 5 May 1962 in Nakskov, Denmark) is a German politician for the Alliance '90/The Greens.\n\n", "Q346965": "Mickey Jones (June 10, 1941 \u2014 February 7, 2018) was an American musician and actor. He played drums with acts such as Trini Lopez and Bob Dylan, with whom he played on his 1966 world tour. He became a founding member of The First Edition with singer Kenny Rogers, and played on all of their albums. Overall, Jones played on 17 gold records from his musical career of over two decades.After the break-up of The First Edition in 1976, Jones concentrated on his career as a character actor, where he made many appearances on film and television.", "Q89830": "Sergej Moya (born 14 January 1987 in Berlin) is a German actor, screenwriter and director. He won the Undine Award for Best Young Leading Actor in the 2005 film Keller \u2013 Teenage Wasteland.", "Q552593": "Fuyuhiko Kitagawa (\u5317\u5ddd \u51ac\u5f66, Kitagawa Fuyuhiko) (3 July 1900 - 12 June 1990) was a Japanese poet and film critic. His real name was Tadahiko Taguro. While born in Shiga Prefecture, he was raised in Manchukuo in China due to his father's work on the South Manchurian Railway, and then graduated from Tokyo University. He began publishing his own poetry in Manchukuo in 1924 and his work was influenced by that colonial context. His work was praised by Riichi Yokomitsu, and he became a prominent figure in modernist poetry in Japan, pursuing especially prose poetry. Kitagawa was also a well-known film critic, one who especially praised the work of Mansaku Itami (the father of Juzo Itami), calling it a new, realistic \"prose cinema\" (sanbun eiga) in opposition to the old \"poetic cinema\" (inbun eiga) of Sadao Yamanaka, Daisuke It\u014d, and others. He was a champion of neorealism in the postwar era.He was a standard-bearer of the Scenario-Literature-Movement. He, Shuzo Takiguchi, Akira Asano and other members formed a group called 'Ten Scenario-Researchers'. They advocated the movement from a standpoint considering a scenario a literary genre.", "Q159631": "The Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg (German: K\u00f6nigreich W\u00fcrttemberg [\u02cck\u00f8\u02d0n\u026ak\u0281a\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8v\u028f\u0250\u032ftm\u0329b\u025b\u0250\u032fk]) was a German state that existed from 1805 to 1918, located within the area that is now Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. The kingdom was a continuation of the Duchy of W\u00fcrttemberg, which existed from 1495 to 1805.\nPrior to 1495, W\u00fcrttemberg was a county in the former Duchy of Swabia, which had dissolved after the death of Duke Conradin in 1268.\nThe borders of the Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg, as defined in 1813, lay between 47\u00b034' and 49\u00b035' north and 8\u00b015' and 10\u00b030' east. The greatest distance north to south comprised 225 kilometres (140 mi) and the greatest east to west was 160 km (99 mi). The border had a total length of 1,800 km (1,100 mi) and the total area of the state was 19,508 km2 (7,532 sq mi).\nThe kingdom had borders with Bavaria on the east and south, with Baden in the north, west, and south. The southern part surrounded the Prussian province of Hohenzollern on most of its sides and touched on Lake Constance.", "Q182035": "Richard Austen Butler, Baron Butler of Saffron Walden, (9 December 1902 \u2013 8 March 1982), generally known as R. A. Butler and familiarly known from his initials as Rab, was a British Conservative statesman. The Times obituary called him \"the creator of the modern educational system, the key-figure in the revival of post-war Conservatism, arguably the most successful chancellor since the war and unquestionably a Home Secretary of reforming zeal.\" He was one of his party's leaders in promoting the post-war consensus through which the major parties largely agreed on the main points of domestic policy until the 1970s, sometimes known as \"Butskellism\" from an fusion of his name with that of his Labour counterpart Hugh Gaitskell.Born into a family of academics and Indian administrators, Butler enjoyed a brilliant academic career before entering Parliament in 1929. As a junior minister, he helped to pass the Government of India Act 1935. He strongly supported the appeasement of Nazi Germany in 1938\u201339. Entering the Cabinet in 1941, he served as Education Minister (1941\u201345, overseeing the Education Act 1944). When the Conservatives returned to power in 1951 he served as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1951\u201355), Home Secretary (1957\u201362), Deputy Prime Minister (1962\u201363) and Foreign Secretary (1963\u201364).\nButler had an exceptionally long ministerial career and was one of only two British politicians (the other being John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon) to have served in three of the four Great Offices of State but never to have been Prime Minister, for which he was passed over in 1957 and 1963. At the time, the Conservative Leadership was decided by a process of private consultation rather than by a formal vote. After retiring from politics in 1965, Butler was appointed Master of Trinity College, Cambridge.\n\n", "Q65898": "General Adrian Dietrich Lothar von Trotha (3 July 1848 \u2013 31 March 1920) was a German military commander during the European new colonial era. As a brigade commander of the East Asian Expedition Corps, he was involved in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion in Imperial China on behalf of the Eight-Nation Alliance. He later served as governor of German South West Africa and Commander in Chief of its colonial forces, in which role he suppressed a native rebellion during the Herero Wars. He was widely condemned for his brutality in the Herero Wars, particularly for his role in the genocide that led to the near-extermination of the Herero.", "Q156502": "Emil Dominik Josef H\u00e1cha (12 July 1872 \u2013 27 June 1945) was a Czech lawyer, the third President of Czechoslovakia from 1938 to 1939. From March 1939, his country was under the control of the Germans and was known as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.", "Q32718": "Richard Louis Hanna (January 25, 1951 \u2013 March 15, 2020) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative from New York from 2011 to 2017. His district was numbered the 24th during his first two years in Congress; since 2013, it has been the 22nd district.", "Q660599": "Arif Sa\u011f (born 1945) is a Turkish singer, ba\u011flama virtuoso, and leading figure in modern Turkish folk music. A former academic, he was also a member of the Turkish parliament from 1987 to 1991.\n\n", "Q446294": "Hal Hartley (born November 3, 1959) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer and composer who became a key figure in the American independent film movement of the 1980s and '90s. He is best known for his films The Unbelievable Truth, Trust, Simple Men, Amateur and Henry Fool, which are notable for deadpan humour and offbeat characters quoting philosophical dialogue.His films provided a career launch for a number of actors, including Adrienne Shelly (who would later direct her only film, the 2007 comedy-drama Waitress), Edie Falco (Nurse Jackie), James Urbaniak (American Splendor), Martin Donovan, Karen Sillas and Elina L\u00f6wensohn. Hartley frequently scores his own films using his pseudonym Ned Rifle, and his soundtracks regularly feature music by indie rock acts Sonic Youth, Yo La Tengo and PJ Harvey.", "Q1585964": "Moshe Ya'akov Vardi (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05d5\u05e8\u05d3\u05d9\u200e) is an Israeli mathematician and computer scientist. He is a Professor of Computer Science at Rice University, United States. He is University Professor, the Karen Ostrum George Professor in Computational Engineering, Distinguished Service Professor, and Director of the Ken Kennedy Institute for Information Technology. His interests focus on applications of logic to computer science, including database theory, finite-model theory, knowledge in multi-agent systems, computer-aided verification and reasoning, and teaching logic across the curriculum. He is an expert in model checking, constraint satisfaction and database theory, common knowledge (logic), and theoretical computer science.Moshe Y. Vardi is the author of over 600 technical papers as well as the editor of several collections. He has authored the books Reasoning About Knowledge with Ronald Fagin, Joseph Halpern, and Yoram Moses, and Finite Model Theory and Its Applications with Erich Gr\u00e4del, Phokion G. Kolaitis, Leonid Libkin, Maarten Marx, Joel Spencer, Yde Venema, and Scott Weinstein. He is Senior Editor of Communications of the ACM, after serving as its Editor-in-Chief for a decade.", "Q1026586": "Yotaro Kobayashi (\u5c0f\u6797\u967d\u592a\u90ce, Kobayashi Yotaro, April 25, 1933 \u2013 5 September 2015) was a British-born Japanese executive who was chairman of the Fuji Xerox company, a joint venture between Fujifilm (75%) and Xerox (25%). He served as Pacific Asia chairman of the Trilateral Commission.\nHe was educated at Keio University and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1956 and 1958, respectively. His father, Setsutaro Kobayashi, was the third president of Fujifilm and the first president of the Fuji Xerox company. He was chair of the board of the International University of Japan, succeeding founder Sohei Nakayama, formerly of the Industrial Bank of Japan. He was the President of Aspen Japan. \nIn September 2004, Kobayashi, who was the Chief Japanese committee member of the First China\u2013Japan Friendship 21st Century Committee, criticized Japanese prime minister Junichir\u014d Koizumi over his repeated visits to the Yasukuni Shrine, which had caused anger in the People's Republic of China as well as in Korea. Subsequently, Molotov cocktails were thrown into the grounds of Kobayashi's home in Meguro, Tokyo, an act police suspect was carried out by nationalist groups who are hostile to his views.He died of chronic empyema in Tokyo on 5 September 2015.", "Q348790": "Octavian Paler (Romanian pronunciation: [oktavi\u02c8an \u02c8pal\u0259r] or [\u02c8paler]; July 2, 1926 \u2013 May 7, 2007) was a Romanian writer, journalist, politician in Communist Romania, and civil society activist in post-1989 Romania.", "Q73744": "Heinrich L\u00fcbbe (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ha\u026a\u032fn\u0281\u026a\u00e7 l\u028fb\u0259], 12 January 1884, Nienburg, Province of Hanover \u2013 14 March 1940 in Berlin) was a German engineer working for Dutch aircraft designer Anthony Fokker during the First World War. He devised the pioneering Stangensteuerung gun synchronizer which enabled a machine gun to fire through the arc of a fighter aircraft's propeller without the bullets striking the propeller's blades. It was first fitted to Leutnant Otto Parschau's Fokker A.III bearing IdFlieg military serial number A.16/15 in the late spring of 1915, to create the prototype of the entire line of Fokker Eindecker single-seat fighters to come.\nIn 1921 L\u00fcbbe purchased the bankrupt Friedrichshafen naval yards which had manufactured aircraft during the war. In 1925 he renamed the company Arado but his refusal to join the Nazi Party in 1936 led to his removal when Arado was nationalized.", "Q225554": "Henrik Pontoppidan (24 July 1857 \u2013 21 August 1943) was a Danish realist writer who shared with Karl Gjellerup the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1917 for \"his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark.\" Pontoppidan's novels and short stories \u2014 informed with a desire for social progress but despairing, later in his life, of its realization \u2014 present an unusually comprehensive picture of his country and his epoch. As a writer he was an interesting figure, distancing himself both from the conservative environment in which he was brought up and from his socialist contemporaries and friends. He was the youngest and in many ways the most original and influential member of the Modern Break-Through.", "Q64238": "Sir Isidor George Henschel (18 February 1850 \u2013 10 September 1934) was a German-born British baritone, pianist, conductor, and composer.", "Q263501": "Deborah Kaye Allen (born January 16, 1950) is an American actress, dancer, choreographer, singer-songwriter, director, producer, and a former member of the President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities. She has been nominated 20 times for an Emmy Award (winning three), two Tony Awards, and has also won a Golden Globe Award and received star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1991.\nAllen is best known for her work in the musical-drama television series Fame (1982-1987), where she portrayed dance teacher Lydia Grant, and served as the series' principal choreographer. For this role in 1983 she received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy and two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography and was nominated for four Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. Allen later began working as director and producer, most notably producing and directing 83 of 144 episodes of NBC comedy series A Different World (1988-1993). She returned to acting playing the leading role in the NBC sitcom In the House from 1995 to 1996, and in 2011 began playing Dr. Catherine Avery in the ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy also served as an executive producer/director. She directed more than 50 television and film productions. \nIn 2001, Allen opened the Debbie Allen Dance Academy in Los Angeles, California. She is the younger sister of actress/director/singer Phylicia Rashad.", "Q647640": "Michael Azerrad is an American author, music journalist, editor, and musician. A graduate of Columbia University, he has written for publications such as Spin, Rolling Stone, and The New York Times. Azerrad's 1993 biography Come as You Are: The Story of Nirvana was named by Q as one of the 50 greatest rock books ever written. His 2001 book Our Band Could Be Your Life, a collection of profiles on prominent indie rock bands, received similar critical acclaim.", "Q98083": "Helmuth Friedrichs (born 22 September 1899 in Otterndorf \u2013 died probably February 1945) was a German Nazi Party official. He was an important figure in the Office of the Deputy F\u00fchrer and its successor the Nazi Party Chancellery.", "Q215497": "Kevin Earl Federline (born March 21, 1978), sometimes referred to as K-Fed, is an American rapper, DJ, actor, television personality, professional wrestler, and fashion model. His career began as a backup dancer; he later became known for a high-profile two-year marriage to American singer Britney Spears and the child custody battle that followed.", "Q1700068": "John Joseph Finn (born September 30, 1952) is an American actor known as one of the leads of the television programs Cold Case and EZ Streets. Finn has also had supporting roles in the films The Hunted (2003), Analyze That (2002), Catch Me If You Can (2002), True Crime (1999), Turbulence (1997), Blown Away (1994), The Pelican Brief (1993), and Glory (1989).\nTV series that Finn has had recurring roles on include Dawson's Creek, The Practice, The X-Files, Strange World, NYPD Blue (he also appeared two other times on Blue as different characters), Chicago Hope, and eight episodes of Brooklyn South.", "Q430464": "Dearborn is a city in the State of Michigan. It is located in Wayne County and is part of the Detroit metropolitan area. Dearborn is the eighth largest city in the State of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 98,153 and is home to the largest Muslim population in the United States. First settled in the late 18th century by ethnic French farmers in a series of ribbon farms along the Rouge River and the Sauk Trail, the community grew in the 19th century with the establishment of the Detroit Arsenal on the Chicago Road linking Detroit and Chicago. In the 20th century, it developed as a major manufacturing hub for the automotive industry.\nHenry Ford was born on a farm here and later established an estate in Dearborn, as well as his River Rouge Complex, the largest factory of his Ford empire. He developed mass production of automobiles, and based the world headquarters of the Ford Motor Company here. The city has a campus of the University of Michigan as well as Henry Ford College. The Henry Ford, the United States' largest indoor-outdoor historic museum complex and Metro Detroit's leading tourist attraction, is located here.Dearborn residents are Americans primarily of European or Middle Eastern ancestry, many descendants of 19th and 20th-century immigrants. Because of new waves of immigration from the Middle East in the late 20th century, the largest ethnic grouping is now composed of descendants of various nationalities of that area: Christians from Lebanon and Palestine, as well as Muslim immigrants from Syria, Iraq, and Yemen. The primary European ethnicities, as identified by respondents to the census, are German, Polish, Irish, and Italian.", "Q968286": "Walter Cameron Nichol (October 15, 1866 \u2013 December 19, 1928) was a Canadian journalist, newspaper editor and publisher, and the 12th Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia.\n\n", "Q171803": "La Blue Girl (\u6deb\u7363\u5b66\u5712 La\u2606Blue Girl, Inj\u016b Gakuen La Blue Girl, roughly \"Lewd Beast Academy: La Blue Girl\") is an erotic anime and manga series by Toshio Maeda. Like Maeda's other hentai series (e.g., Urotsukid\u014dji), La Blue Girl features a large amount of tentacle rape. It departs somewhat from its predecessors, however, by lightening the atmosphere with humor, lightly parodying the \"tentacle hentai\" genre.\nAn immensely successful series, La Blue Girl has inspired, over the years, several OVA series for a total of 14 episodes, a comic book adaptation, three live-action movies, some PC games and some art-books.\n\n", "Q950719": "Jean-Marie Louvel (1 July 1900 \u2013 13 June 1970) was a French engineer and politician.", "Q75335": "Siegfried Gumbel (September 22, 1874 in Heilbronn \u2013 January 27, 1942 in Dachau) was an attorney, politician (DDP), and President of the Jewish Community of W\u00fcrttemberg, Stuttgart since 1933.", "Q126783": "Abolq\u0101sem Lah\u016bt\u012b Russian: \u0410\u0431\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u041b\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0442\u0438, romanized: Abuljkasim Ahmedzade Lahuti; Tajik: \u0410\u0431\u0443\u043b\u049b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c \u041b\u043e\u04b3\u0443\u0442\u04e3 / \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u06cc, romanized: A\u0299ulqosim Lohut\u012b; 1887 \u2013 16 March 1957) was an Iranian Kurd-Soviet poet and political activist who was active in Iran during the Persian Constitutional Revolution and in Tajikistan in the early Soviet era.", "Q128976": "Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home, Baron Home of the Hirsel, ( (listen); 2 July 1903 \u2013 9 October 1995) was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from October 1963 to October 1964. He was the last Prime Minister to hold office while a member of the House of Lords, before disclaiming his peerage and taking up a seat in the House of Commons for the remainder of his premiership. His reputation, however, rests more on his two spells as Britain's foreign minister than on his brief premiership.\nThe eldest child of Charles Douglas-Home, Lord Dunglass, he was born in 1903 at 28 South Street in Mayfair, London, which his family leased from the politician and stockbroker, Sir Cuthbert Quilter, and was the future home of Barbara Cartland, the author and socialite.\nDouglas-Home was educated at Ludgrove School, Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford. A talented cricketer, he played first-class cricket at club and county level; he began serving in the Territorial Army from 1924. Douglas-Home (under the courtesy title Lord Dunglass) entered Parliament in 1931 and served as Neville Chamberlain's parliamentary aide, although his diagnosis in 1940 with spinal tuberculosis would immobilise him for two years. Having recovered enough to resume his political career, Douglas-Home lost his seat in the 1945 general election. He regained it in 1950, but left the Commons the following year when, on the death of his father, he entered the Lords as the 14th Earl of Home. Under the next Conservative government, Home was appointed to increasingly senior posts, such as Leader of the House of Lords and Foreign Secretary. In the latter post (1960\u20131963) he supported United States resolve in the Cuban Missile Crisis and was the UK signatory of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in August 1963.\nIn October 1963, Harold Macmillan resigned as Prime Minister and Home was chosen to succeed him. By the 1960s, it was unacceptable for a Prime Minister to sit in the Lords, so Home disclaimed his hereditary peerage and successfully stood for election to Parliament as Sir Alec Douglas-Home. The manner of his appointment was controversial, and two Macmillan Cabinet ministers refused to stay in office under him. Criticised by the Labour Party as an out-of-touch aristocrat, he came over stiffly in television interviews, by contrast with Labour leader Harold Wilson. As Prime Minister, Douglas-Home's demeanour and appearance remained aristocratic and old-fashioned. His understanding of economics was primitive, and he gave his Chancellor, Reginald Maudling, free rein to handle financial affairs. He enjoyed dealing with foreign policy and his Foreign Secretary, Rab Butler, was not especially energetic, but there were no major crises or issues to resolve. The Conservative Party, having governed for nearly twelve years, lost their standing after the scandalous Profumo affair under Macmillan and, by Douglas-Home's premiership, seemed headed for heavy electoral defeat; his premiership was the second briefest of the 20th century, lasting two days short of a year. Among the legislation passed under his government was the abolition of resale price maintenance in 1964.\nNarrowly defeated in the 1964 election, Douglas-Home resigned the party leadership in July 1965, having instituted a new and less secretive method for electing the leader. He later served in the cabinet of Prime Minister Edward Heath at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (1970\u20131974), an expanded version of his former secretaryship. After the first of the twin Conservative defeats of 1974, he stood down at the second, the October 1974 election, and returned to the Lords as a life peer titled Baron Home of the Hirsel. He gradually retired from front-line politics and died in 1995, aged 92.", "Q65126": "Gregor Gysi (German pronunciation: [\u02c8g\u0281e\u02d0go\u0250 \u02c8\u0261i\u02d0zi]; born 16 January 1948) is a German attorney, president of the Party of the European Left and a prominent politician of The Left (Die Linke) political party.He belonged to the reformist wing of the governing Socialist Unity Party of Germany at the time of the pro-democracy transition inspired by then Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. He has strongly denied allegations that he used to assist the Stasi \u2013 the East German secret police. He was the last leader of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and led the effort that transformed it into the post-Communist Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), forerunner of The Left.", "Q102635": "Betty Astor (21 April 1905 \u2013 1972) was a German film actress. She was born Berta Baesel in Germany.", "Q3120942": "Gurbaksh Singh Chahal (born July 17, 1982) is an Indian-American internet entrepreneur who founded several internet advertising companies. \nChahal founded his first advertising network at an age of 16 and two years later, became a millionaire after selling it to ValueClick at nearly $40 million. In 2004, he co-founded BlueLithium, which went on to become the fifth largest ad-network in USA, before being sold to Yahoo in a $300 million deal. Chahal has since founded other internet-based companies including RadiumOne and Gravity4. He is currently the CEO of RedLotus. \nIn 2010, Bloomberg Businessweek named him among the 15 best young entrepreneurs of the year. In 2012, Chahal was enlisted among the 25 richest entrepreneurs under the age of 30 by Complex magazine. In 2013, he was named as one of the entrepreneurs of the year by Ernst and Young.\nIn 2013, Chahal was convicted for domestic violence and battery, and was sentenced to probation. He claimed innocence, but was terminated from his role as CEO of RadiumOne by the Board of Directors. In 2016, after new charges of domestic violence against a second woman with whom he was in a relationship, his probation was revoked. He resigned as CEO of Gravity4, and served six months in jail.", "Q217280": "Joscelyn Eve Stoker (born 11 April 1987), better known by her stage name Joss Stone, is an English singer, songwriter, and actress. She rose to fame in late 2003 with her multi-platinum debut album, The Soul Sessions, which made the 2004 Mercury Prize shortlist. Her second album, the similarly multi-platinum Mind Body & Soul (2004), topped the UK Albums Chart for one week and spawned the top ten hit \"You Had Me\", Stone's most successful single on the UK Singles Chart to date. Both the album and single received one nomination at the 2005 Grammy Awards, while Stone herself was nominated for Best New Artist, and in an annual BBC poll of music critics, Sound of 2004, was ranked fifth as a predicted breakthrough act of 2004. She became the youngest British female singer to top the UK Albums Chart. Stone's third album, Introducing Joss Stone, released in March 2007, achieved gold record status by the RIAA and yielded the second-ever highest debut for a British female solo artist on the Billboard 200, and became Stone's first top five album in the US.\nShe released her fourth album, Colour Me Free!, on 20 October 2009, which reached the top 10 on Billboard. Stone released her fifth album, LP1, on 22 July 2011, which reached the top 10 on Billboard. Throughout her career, Stone has sold 15 million records worldwide, establishing herself as one of the best-selling soul artists of the 2000s, and the best-selling British artists of her time. Her first three albums have sold over 2,722,000 copies in the US, while her first two albums have sold over 2 million copies in the UK.\nStone has earned numerous accolades, including two Brit Awards and one Grammy Award out of five nominations. She also made her film acting debut in 2006 with the fantasy adventure film Eragon, and made her television debut portraying Anne of Cleves in the Showtime series The Tudors in 2009. Stone was the youngest woman on the 2006 Sunday Times Rich List\u2014an annual list of the UK's wealthiest people\u2014with \u00a36 million. In 2012, her net worth was estimated to be \u00a310 million, making her the fifth richest British musician under 30. The Soul Sessions Vol. 2 (2012) is her fourth consecutive album to reach the top 10 on the Billboard 200, with Australian producer Cam Noble.", "Q123823": "Joseph Deiss (born 18 January 1946) is an economist, Swiss politician and a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC). From 1999 to 2006, he was a member of the Swiss Federal Council, heading first the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (1999\u20132002) and then the Federal Department of Economic Affairs (2003\u20132006). He was elected President of the United Nations General Assembly for its 65th session in 2010.\n\n", "Q238263": "4 Non Blondes was an American alternative rock band from San Francisco, California, active from 1989 to 1994. Their first and only album, Bigger, Better, Faster, More! spent 59 weeks on the Billboard 200. They hit the charts in 1993 with the release of the album's second single, \"What's Up?, \" and Bigger, Better, Faster, More! sold 1.5 million copies between 1992 and 1994.Originally, the band was all-female, including lead singer Linda Perry, bassist Christa Hillhouse, guitarist Shaunna Hall, and drummer Wanda Day. However, before the release of the album, Hall and Day were replaced by Roger Rocha (guitar) and Dawn Richardson (drums).\nLead singer Linda Perry left the band in 1994, and the remaining members disbanded shortly thereafter.", "Q929": "The Central African Republic (CAR; Sango: K\u00f6d\u00f6r\u00f6s\u00ease t\u00ee B\u00eaafr\u00eeka; French: R\u00e9publique centrafricaine pronounced [\u0281epyblik s\u0251\u0303t\u0281af\u0281ik\u025bn], or Centrafrique [s\u0251\u0303t\u0281af\u0281ik]) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the south, the Republic of the Congo to the southwest and Cameroon to the west. The CAR covers a land area of about 620,000 square kilometres (240,000 sq mi) and had an estimated population of around 4.7 million as of 2018. As of 2020, the CAR is the scene of a civil war, ongoing since 2012.Most of the CAR consists of Sudano-Guinean savannas, but the country also includes a Sahelo-Sudanian zone in the north and an equatorial forest zone in the south. Two thirds of the country is within the Ubangi River basin (which flows into the Congo), while the remaining third lies in the basin of the Chari, which flows into Lake Chad.\nWhat is today the Central African Republic has been inhabited for millennia; however, the country's current borders were established by France, which ruled the country as a colony starting in the late 19th century. After gaining independence from France in 1960, the Central African Republic was ruled by a series of autocratic leaders, including an abortive attempt at a monarchy; by the 1990s, calls for democracy led to the first multi-party democratic elections in 1993. Ange-F\u00e9lix Patass\u00e9 became president, but was later removed by General Fran\u00e7ois Boziz\u00e9 in the 2003 coup. The Central African Republic Bush War began in 2004 and, despite a peace treaty in 2007 and another in 2011, civil war resumed in 2012.\nDespite its significant mineral deposits and other resources, such as uranium reserves, crude oil, gold, diamonds, cobalt, lumber, and hydropower, as well as significant quantities of arable land, the Central African Republic is among the ten poorest countries in the world, with the lowest GDP per capita at purchasing power parity in the world as of 2017. As of 2019, according to the Human Development Index (HDI), the country had the second lowest level of human development, ranking 188th out of 189 countries. It is also estimated to be the unhealthiest country as well as the worst country in which to be young. The Central African Republic is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Economic Community of Central African States, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie and the Non-Aligned Movement.", "Q13624821": "The First Legislative Council of Hong Kong was the first meeting of the legislative branch of the HKSAR government after the handover of Hong Kong, replacing the Provisional Legislative Council existing between 1997 and 1998. The membership of the LegCo is based on the 1998 election. The term of the session was from 1 July 1998 to 30 June 2000, only two years unlike the latter legislative session of four years. The legislature was held during the first term of the Tung Chee-hwa's administration. The pro-democracy camp who did not participate in the Provisional Legislative Council held 20 seats with Democratic Party being the largest party. Notable newcomers to the Legislative Council included Cyd Ho, Bernard Chan, Lui Ming-wah, and Wong Yung-kan.", "Q293180": "Go\u0142da Tencer (yid. \u05d2\u05d0\u05b8\u05dc\u05d3\u05e2 \u05d8\u05e2\u05e0\u05e6\u05e2\u05e8, born 2 August 1949 in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a) is a Polish actress and singer.Go\u0142da Tencer was born to a Jewish family, the daughter of Szmul and Sonia Tencer. In 1971 she graduated from Actors Studio in Warsaw. In 1984, as a scholar of the United States government, she explored theater life in U.S.At present, Tencer is an actress and director of the Jewish Theatre in Warsaw.", "Q77522": "Winx Club is an Italian-American animated television series created by Iginio Straffi and co-produced by Rainbow SpA and Nickelodeon. It is set in a magical universe that is inhabited by fairies, witches, and other mythical creatures. The show follows a fairy warrior named Bloom as she enrolls at Alfea College to train and hone her skills. The series uses a serial format that has an ongoing storyline, with individual story arcs comprising each season. It premiered on 28 January 2004, becoming a ratings success in Italy and on Nickelodeon networks internationally.\nIginio Straffi initially outlined the show's plot to last three seasons. He chose to continue the story for a fourth season in 2009. Around this time, Winx Club's popularity attracted the attention of the American media company Viacom, owner of Nickelodeon. Viacom purchased 30% of the show's animation studio, Rainbow SpA, and Nickelodeon became a co-producer of the series. Production on the fifth, sixth, and seventh seasons was divided between Rainbow and Nickelodeon Animation Studio. To attract an American audience, Viacom assembled a voice cast of Nickelodeon actors (including Elizabeth Gillies and Ariana Grande), invested US$100 million in advertising for the series, and inducted Winx Club into Nickelodeon's franchise of Nicktoons.Beginning in 2010, episodes of Winx Club have been jointly written with Nickelodeon's American team. Nickelodeon's writers aim to make the series multicultural and appealing toward viewers from different countries. In 2019, Straffi commented on his near-decade of collaboration with Nickelodeon, saying that \"the know-how of Rainbow and the know-how of Nickelodeon are very complementary; the sensibilities of the Americans, with our European touch.\" The continued partnership between Rainbow and Nickelodeon on Winx Club has led to the development of additional co-productions, including Club 57 in 2019, on which much of Winx Club's staff worked.\nThe series was subject to budget cuts in 2014, during its seventh season. The 3D computer-generated segments and Hollywood voice actors were deemed too costly to keep using. The seventh season eventually premiered on Nickelodeon's worldwide channels in 2015. After a four-year hiatus, an eighth season premiered in 2019. At Straffi's decision, this season was retooled for a preschool target audience. Most of the show's longtime crew members were not called back to work on season 8, and Nickelodeon's team moved to a consultant role. Straffi stepped away from the series at this time, shifting his focus to live-action projects. A live-action adaptation of Winx Club for young adults, titled Fate: The Winx Saga, was announced in 2018.", "Q2907100": "Michael \"Mikha\" Reisser (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d9\u05db\u05d0\u05dc \u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05e1\u05e8\u200e, 26 April 1946 \u2013 27 October 1988) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Likud between 1981 and his death in 1988.", "Q322549": "Veikko Aleksanteri Heiskanen (23 July 1895, in Kangaslampi \u2013 23 October 1971, in Helsinki) was a famous Finnish geodesist.\nHe is mostly known for his refinement of the theory of isostasy by George Airy and for his studies of the global geoid.\n\n1931\u20131949 Professor of Geodesy, Helsinki University of Technology\n1933\u20131936 Member of Finnish Parliament\n1949\u20131961 Director, Finnish Geodetic Institute\n1951\u20131961 Research professor, Ohio State University", "Q508689": "Pilar de Lusarreta (1914\u20131967) was an Argentine author and critic. She coauthored several works with Arturo Cancela.", "Q152002": "A pastor is the leader of a Christian congregation who also gives advice and counsel to people from the community or congregation. In Protestantism, a pastor may be ordained or not (even a layperson may serve in this capacity) while in the Catholic Church and Orthodox Churches, the pastor is always an ordained priest. Pastors are to act like shepherds by caring for the flock, and this care includes teaching. The New Testament typically uses the words \u201cbishops\u201d (Acts 20:28) and \u201cpresbyter\u201d (1 Peter 5:1) to indicate the ordained leadership in early Christianity. Likewise, Peter instructs these particular servants to \u201cact like shepherds\u201d as they \u201coversee\u201d the flock of God (1 Pet. 5:2). The words \u201cbishop\u201d and \u201cpresbyter\u201d were sometimes used in an interchangeable way, such as in Titus 1:5-6. However, there is ongoing dispute between branches of Christianity over whether there are two ordained classes (presbyters and deacons) or three (bishops, priests, and deacons). In traditional Christianity (the Catholic Church, Orthodox Church, and Oriental Orthodox Church) bishops, priests, and deacons are recognised who have been ordained with apostolic lineage. In most Protestant denominations, in contrast, bishops are rejected, as well as the doctrine of apostolic succession.\nThese terms describe a leader (i.e., bishop), one who maintains a careful watch for the spiritual needs of all the members of the flock (i.e., a pastor). The person must meet scriptural qualifications (1 Timothy 3:1-7; Titus 1:5-9). For some Protestants, whether called an elder, bishop, or pastor, these terms describe the same service in the church. In the early Church, only a man could be a presbyter, but many Protestant denominations in the 19th and 20th century have changed to allow women to be pastors. Whether man or woman, this person is to be older and experienced in the faith (i.e., an elder), a person who is a decision-maker, and a manager of church affairs.\nThe actual word pastor is derived from a Latin word meaning shepherd. When used as an ecclesiastical styling or title, the term may be abbreviated to \"Pr\" or \"Ptr\" (both singular), or \"Ps\" (plural).", "Q68402": "Friedrich Wilhelm Adami (18 October 1816 \u2013 5 August 1893) was a German author, critic, and publicist. He was born at Suhl, Thuringia, Germany, studied medicine, then philosophy and history, in Berlin. He was a regular theater critic and columnist for the Neue Preussische Zeitung newspaper, as well as doing translations. Among his most renowned original works are Ein ehrlicher Mann (1850) and Der Doppelg\u00e4nger (1870). Among his collections of historical tales are F\u00fcrstenund Volksbilder aus der vaterl\u00e4ndischen Geschichte (1863) and Aus den Tagen zweier K\u00f6nige (two volumes, 1866). His works are known for his clear writing style and a thoroughly patriotic tone.", "Q847503": "Fujifabric (Japanese: \u30d5\u30b8\u30d5\u30a1\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30af, Hepburn: Fujifaburikku) is a Japanese rock band formed in 2000. While their music can be mostly categorized as alternative rock or power pop, their music usually consists of an eclectic mix of genres, including jazz, disco and progressive rock.", "Q217294": "24 Hour Party People is a 2002 British comedy-drama biopic film about Manchester's popular music community from 1976 to 1992, and specifically about Factory Records. It was written by Frank Cottrell Boyce and directed by Michael Winterbottom. The film was entered into the 2002 Cannes Film Festival. It received positive reviews.\nIt begins with the punk rock era of the late 1970s and moves through the 1980s into the rave and DJ culture and the \"Madchester\" scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s. The main character is Tony Wilson (played by Steve Coogan), a news reporter for Granada Television and the head of Factory Records. The narrative largely follows his career, while also covering the careers of the major Factory artists, especially Joy Division and New Order, A Certain Ratio, The Durutti Column and Happy Mondays.\nThe film is a dramatisation based on a combination of real events, rumours, urban legends and the imaginings of the scriptwriter, as the film makes clear. In one scene, one-time Buzzcocks member Howard Devoto (played by Martin Hancock) is shown having sex with Wilson's first wife in the toilets of a club; the real Devoto, an extra in the scene, turns to the camera and says, \"I definitely don't remember this happening.\" The fourth wall is frequently broken, with Wilson (who also acts as the narrator) frequently commenting on events directly to camera as they occur, at one point declaring that he is \"being postmodern, before it's fashionable\". The actors are often intercut with real contemporary concert footage, including the Sex Pistols gig at the Lesser Free Trade Hall.", "Q259845": "Tracy Dawn Scoggins (born November 13, 1953) is an American actress known for her roles as Monica Colby in the 1980s prime time soap opera Dynasty and its spin-off series The Colbys, Cat Grant in the first season of the 1993\u20131997 television series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, and as Captain Elizabeth Lochley during the final season of Babylon 5 in 1998.", "Q697105": "Bertrand de Billy (born Paris, 11 January 1965) is a French conductor.\nHe attended a Jesuit school, but only started serious musical studies when he was around 14-15; he studied piano and violin.After his career as an instrumental musician, de Billy began his conducting career in Paris. He later moved to Germany and built up his career as an opera conductor. His professional operatic conducting debut was for La Traviata in Oviedo, Spain in 1991, replacing a conductor at short notice. He was the general music director at the Anhaltisches Theater in Dessau from 1993 to 1995. At the Vienna Volksoper he held the post of first conductor from 1996 to 1998. From 1999 to 2004, de Billy was Chief Conductor of the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Barcelona, after the reopening of the theatre.\nde Billy conducts mostly from memory, although he usually has the score in front of him in case problems occur; at the Volksoper he was phoned at the podium during the 8th scene of La P\u00e9richole to be informed that scene 9 would be cut. He prefers the smaller opera theatres (Theater an der Wien, Ch\u00e2telet, Garnier), where more intimacy can be found with the audience.Since 2002, de Billy has served as chief conductor of the Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra (RSO Wien). His performances with the orchestra have included opera productions at the Festival OsterKlang and at the Sommerfestival Klangbogen. His recordings with the RSO Wien have included Eugen d'Albert's Tiefland. de Billy has had disputes with management over funding and the continuing status of the orchestra. He is scheduled to step down from this post in 2010. In January 2009, the RSO Wien announced the appointment of Cornelius Meister as its seventh chief conductor, effective with the 2010-2011 season.Bertrand de Billy is Member of the Board of the Vienna-based European Academy of Music Theatre. \nHis discography includes the Mozart / Da Ponte operas, Beethoven Symphonies 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, Schubert Symphony No 9, Dvo\u0159\u00e1k Symphony no 9 and complete operas by Gounod (Faust), Dukas (Ariane et Barbe-bleue) and Verdi (Don Carlos), and on DVD Debussy's Pell\u00e9as et M\u00e9lisande, Massenet's Cendrillon, Puccini's La boh\u00e8me and Thomas' Hamlet.", "Q740649": "Gerald Thomas (10 December 1920 \u2013 9 November 1993) was an English film director, best known for the long-running Carry On series of bawdy British film comedies.", "Q50189": "Annecy (US: AN-\u0259-SEE, ahn-SEE, French: [ansi] (listen); Arpitan: \u00c8neci or \u00c8nneci) is the largest city of Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes region in southeastern France. It lies on the northern tip of Lake Annecy, 35 kilometers (22 mi) south of Geneva.\nNicknamed the \"Pearl of French Alps\" in Raoul Blanchard's monograph describing its location between lake and mountains, the city controls the northern entrance to the lake gorge.\nDue to a lack of available building land between the lake and the protected Semnoz mountain, its population remained stagnant, around 50,000 inhabitants, since 1950. However, the 2017 merger with several ex-communes extended the city population to 124,401 inhabitants, and 203,078 for its urban area, placing Annecy 6th in the region, behind Annemasse, which has 292,000 inhabitants.\nSwitching from counts of Geneva's dwelling in the 13th century, to counts of Savoy's in the 14th century, the city became Savoy's capital in 1434 during the Genevois-Nemours prerogative until 1659. Its role increased in 1536, during the Calvinist Reformation in Geneva, while the bishop took refuge in Annecy. Saint Francis de Sales gave Annecy its advanced Catholic citadel role known as Counter-Reformation. The annexation of Savoy merged the city to France in 1860.\nSometimes called \"Venice of the Alps\", this idyllic and touristic representation comes from the three canals and the Thiou river lying through the old city and whose initial role was to protect the city and to empower its handicrafts. The city experienced an industrial development in the 19th century with silk manufacturing. Some of its industrial legacy remains today with the headquarters of NTN-SNR bearings, Salomon, Entremont and Dassault Aviation.\nFrom the end of the 19th century, Annecy developed tourism around its lake summer facilities, winter resorts proximity and cultural attraction with its castle renovation and fine art museum opening in 1956 and the Animated Film Festival since 1960, hosted in Bonlieu's cultural Center.\nThe municipal environmental policy managed to keep 40.3% of green spaces and the city and was awarded the \"Golden Flower\" in 2015, given to the nine most-flowered French cities. Its educational area is growing since the University of Savoy establishment in 1973.", "Q67725": "Harry Alfred Robert Kupfer (12 August 1935 \u2013 30 December 2019) was a German opera director and academic. A long-time director at the Komische Oper Berlin, he worked at major opera houses and at festivals internationally. Trained by Walter Felsenstein, he worked in the tradition of realistic directing. At the Bayreuth Festival, he staged Wagner's Der fliegende Holl\u00e4nder in 1978 and Der Ring des Nibelungen in 1988. At the Salzburg Festival, he directed the premiere of Penderecki's Die schwarze Maske in 1986 and Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss in 2014.", "Q981342": "Salvatore Ferragamo (5 June 1898 \u2013 7 August 1960) was an Italian shoe designer and the founder of luxury goods high-end retailer Salvatore Ferragamo S.p.A. One of the most innovative shoe designers of the 20th century, Salvatore Ferragamo, rose to fame in the 1930s. In addition to experimenting with unusual materials including kangaroo, crocodile, and fish skin, Ferragamo drew on historic inspiration for his shoes. His cork wedge sandals\u2014often imitated and reimagined\u2014are considered one of the most important shoe designs of the 20th century.", "Q955675": "Jan Stachniuk (13 January 1905 - 14 August 1963) was a Polish philosopher, an editor-in-chief of the Polish pre-war nationalist journal \u201eZadruga\u201d, the creator of Zadruga's Movement, a theoretician and the founder of culturalism.\nJan Stachniuk was born on 13 January 1905 in Kovel. In 1930 he finished his education at College of Commerce in Pozna\u0144. During World War II, he was fighting in the ranks of the Home Army.", "Q206399": "Ivan Ivanovich Petrov (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432; February 9, 1920 in Irkutsk \u2015 December 26, 2003 in Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian bass opera singer. People's Artist of the USSR (1959).\nBorn Ivan Krauze (\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435), the family took the name Petrov in 1936 after moving from Siberia to Moscow due to the suspicions of anyone with a German surname. He entered the Bolshoi Theatre in 1942 after three years with the Moscow Philharmonic spent traveling giving concerts for the troops. He continued singing until 1970 when diabetes began to affect his voice, then concentrated on teaching.\nHis repertoire included both Russian and Western works, which in Russia were also usually sung in Russian. He recorded for the conductors Kiril Kondrashin, Mark Ermler, Boris Khaykin, Mikhail Zhukov, Vladimir Fedoseyev, Samuil Samosud, Nikolai Golovanov and Vassili Nebolsin.", "Q73750": "Wolfram Kurt Erhard Hirth (28 February 1900 \u2013 25 July 1959) was a German gliding pioneer and sailplane designer. He was a co-founder of Schempp-Hirth, still a renowned glider manufacturer.Hirth was born in Stuttgart, the son of an engineer and tool-maker. He was the younger brother of Hellmuth, who founded the famous Hirth aircraft engine manufacturing company.", "Q562322": "Lee Man-hee (Korean: \uc774\ub9cc\ud76c; Hanja: \u674e\u842c\u7199; born 15 September 1931) is a Korean religious leader. Lee is the founder of the Shincheonji Church of Jesus the Temple of the Tabernacle of the Testimony (SCJ), a South Korean Christian group, that has been accused of being a religious cult, who has claimed that Jesus Christ appeared before him as a \"bright heavenly figure\". He has been accused by the press of being a \"false prophet\".", "Q22279": "Susan Margaret Collins (born December 7, 1952) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator for Maine. A Republican, Collins has represented Maine in the Senate since 1997.\nBorn in Caribou, Maine, Collins is a graduate of St. Lawrence University. Beginning her career as a staff assistant for Senator William Cohen in 1975, she later became staff director of the Oversight of Government Management Subcommittee of the Committee on Governmental Affairs (which later became the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs) in 1981. She was then appointed Commissioner of the Maine Department of Professional and Financial Regulation by Governor John R. McKernan Jr. in 1987. In 1992 she was appointed by President George H. W. Bush as director of the Small Business Administration's regional office in Boston, Massachusetts. Collins became a deputy state treasurer in the office of the Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts in 1993. After moving back to Maine in 1994, Collins became the Republican nominee for Governor of Maine in the 1994 general election. Collins was the first female major-party nominee for the post, finishing third in a four-way race with 23% of the vote. After her bid for governor in 1994, Collins became the founding director of the Center for Family Business at Husson University.\nCollins was first elected to the United States Senate in 1996. She was re-elected in 2002, 2008, and 2014. Collins is the chair of the Senate Special Committee on Aging and is a former chair of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. She is the most senior Republican woman in the Senate, the dean of Maine's congressional delegation, and the only New England Republican in the 116th Congress. Collins is described as one of the more moderate Republicans in the Senate and therefore often a pivotal vote.", "Q107759": "Hugo Neumann (8 May 1882 \u2013 4 September 1962) was a German jurist, politician of the Free City of Danzig and writer.", "Q658774": "Mike Harrington is an American computer programmer. He is the co-founder of the video game development and digital distribution company Valve. Previously a game programmer at Dynamix and a designer on the Windows NT operating system at Microsoft, Harrington founded Valve in 1996 with Gabe Newell, another former Microsoft employee. He and Newell privately funded the development of Half-Life, which he also helped program.On January 15, 2000, after the success of Half-Life, Harrington dissolved his partnership with Newell and left Valve to spend time with his wife. \"At Microsoft you always wonder, 'Is it me being successful or is it Microsoft?' But with Half-Life I knew Gabe and I had built that product and company from scratch.\" According to Newell, Harrington did not want to risk another project after the success of Half-Life.In 2006, Harrington co-founded Picnik with friend and former colleague Darrin Massena, which was later acquired by Google in March 2010. Harrington left Google in March 2011, and co-founded another company with Massena, called Catnip Labs, in January 2012. Harrington was the CTO at The Committee for Children from 2016-2018 and is now the CTO of Amplion.", "Q98097": "Hans-J\u00fcrgen Schatz (born October 10, 1958 in Berlin, Germany) is a German television actor.", "Q179293": "The Kingdom of Castile (; Spanish: Reino de Castilla, Latin: Regnum Castellae) was a large and powerful state located on the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. Its name comes from the host of castles constructed in the region. It began in the 9th century as the County of Castile (Condado de Castilla), an eastern frontier lordship of the Kingdom of Le\u00f3n. During the 10th century its counts increased their autonomy, but it was not until 1065 that it was separated from Le\u00f3n and became a kingdom in its own right. Between 1072 and 1157 it was again united with Le\u00f3n, and after 1230 this union became permanent. Throughout this period the Castilian kings made extensive conquests in southern Iberia at the expense of the Islamic principalities. The Kingdoms of Castile and of Le\u00f3n, with their southern acquisitions, came to be known collectively as the Crown of Castile, a term that also came to encompass overseas expansion.", "Q140412": "John Donne ( DUN; 22 January 1572 \u2013 31 March 1631) was an English scholar, poet, soldier and secretary born into a Catholic family, a remnant of the Catholic Revival, who reluctantly became a cleric in the Church of England. He was Dean of St Paul's Cathedral in London (1621-1631). He is considered the pre-eminent representative of the metaphysical poets. His poetical works are noted for their metaphorical and sensual style and include sonnets, love poems, religious poems, Latin translations, epigrams, elegies, songs, satires. He is also known for his sermons.\nDonne's style is characterised by abrupt openings and various paradoxes, ironies and dislocations. These features, along with his frequent dramatic or everyday speech rhythms, his tense syntax and his tough eloquence, were both a reaction against the smoothness of conventional Elizabethan poetry and an adaptation into English of European baroque and mannerist techniques. His early career was marked by poetry that bore immense knowledge of English society and he met that knowledge with sharp criticism. Another important theme in Donne's poetry is the idea of true religion, something that he spent much time considering and about which he often theorized. He wrote secular poems as well as erotic and love poems. He is particularly famous for his mastery of metaphysical conceits.\nDespite his great education and poetic talents, Donne lived in poverty for several years, relying heavily on wealthy friends. He spent much of the money he inherited during and after his education on womanising, literature, pastimes, and travel. In 1601, Donne secretly married Anne More, with whom he had twelve children. In 1615 he was ordained deacon and then Anglican priest, although he did not want to take Holy Orders and only did so because the king ordered it. He also served as a member of Parliament in 1601 and in 1614.", "Q575886": "\u00c1ngel Antonio Mingote Barrachina, 1st Marquis of Daroca (17 January 1919 \u2013 3 April 2012), also simply known as Mingote, was a Spanish cartoonist, writer and journalist. He drew a daily cartoon in ABC since 1953 until his death in 2012.", "Q99389": "Winfried Bausback (born 22 October 1965) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.", "Q109774": "William Thomas Mulvany (11 March 1806 in Dublin, Ireland \u2013 30 October 1885 in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany) was an Irish entrepreneur in Germany.", "Q328716": "Motorcycle sport is a broad field that encompasses all sporting aspects of motorcycling. The disciplines are not all races or timed-speed events, as several disciplines test a competitor's various riding skills.", "Q280856": "George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 \u2013 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death.\nKnown as \"Bertie\" among his family and close friends, George VI was born in the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria and was named after his great-grandfather Albert, Prince Consort. As the second son of King George V, he was not expected to inherit the throne and spent his early life in the shadow of his elder brother, Edward. He attended naval college as a teenager and served in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force during the First World War. In 1920, he was made Duke of York. He married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1923, and they had two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret. In the mid-1920s, he had speech therapy for a stammer, which he never fully overcame.\nGeorge's elder brother ascended the throne as Edward VIII upon the death of their father in 1936. However, Edward was forced to choose between the crown and marriage to divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson. With the abdication of Edward to marry Simpson, George ascended the throne as the third monarch of the House of Windsor.\nIn September 1939, the British Empire and Commonwealth\u2014except Ireland\u2014declared war on Nazi Germany. War with the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Japan followed in 1940 and 1941, respectively. He was seen as sharing the hardships of the common people and his popularity soared. Buckingham Palace was bombed during the Blitz while the King and Queen were there, and his younger brother, the Duke of Kent, was killed on active service. George became known as a symbol of British determination to win the war. Britain and its allies were victorious in 1945, but the British Empire declined. Ireland had largely broken away, followed by independence of India and Pakistan in 1947. George relinquished the title of Emperor of India in June 1948 and instead adopted the new title of Head of the Commonwealth. He was beset by smoking-related health problems in the later years of his reign and died of coronary thrombosis in 1952. He was succeeded by his daughter, Elizabeth II.", "Q107981": "Elise Reimarus (22 January 1735, Hamburg, as Margaretha Elisabeth Reimarus \u2013 2 September 1805, Hamburg) was a German writer, educator, translator and salon-holder. She was the sister of Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus and the daughter of Hermann Samuel Reimarus.\nElise Reimarus was known as one of the most erudite women of Hamburg and she was in epistolary contact with notable intellectuals of her time, including Moses Mendelssohn, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, Carl Leonhard Reinhold. She was also a personal friend of fellow-educationist Caroline Rudolphi.\nReimarus published translations from the English and French, besides a number of original works. For some time she presided over the Reimarus family's literary salon, one of the precursors of the fashion of such salons in German Romanticism. Despite receiving numerous proposals, she remained unmarried.\n\n", "Q983555": "Hanu\u0161 Wihan (5 June 1855 \u2013 1 May 1920) was a renowned Czech cellist, considered the greatest of his time. He was strongly associated with the works of Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, whose Cello Concerto in B minor, Rondo in G minor, and the short piece Silent Woods were all dedicated to him. He was the founder and later cellist of the Czech String Quartet, which was world-famous throughout its 40-year existence.", "Q649679": "Ram\u00f3n Mendoza Fontela (18 April 1927 \u2013 4 April 2001) was a Spanish lawyer and business man, most famous for his stint as football chairman of Real Madrid from 1985 until 1995. He was born in Madrid, Spain.\nMendoza became president on 24 May 1985 when he was the only candidate at the elections for chairman of the club. He once again had no opponent in the next elections (23 July 1988) and beat opposing candidate Alfonso Uss\u00eda by 20% of the votes (15.005 to 10.531) in January 1991 to secure his third term. He won a fourth term in 1994. In elections which were dominated by accusations of fraud, corruption and mismanagement of the club, he nevertheless managed to beat Florentino P\u00e9rez by 700 votes.\nHis first years leading the club were very successful and saw the rise of the Quinta del Buitre. Real Madrid won a record 5 consecutive league titles and was considered one of the best teams in Europe at the time. However, the club never managed to win the European Cup during those years, losing memorable ties to clubs as Bayern M\u00fcnchen, PSV Eindhoven and Arrigo Sacchi's AC Milan. The second half of his presidency was marked by a slow decline in the successes of the club, a fact that was highlighted by a very strong Barcelona team.\nIn 1995, he was forced to give up the presidency after admitting that the club had a debt of 14.000 million pesetas. He was succeeded by Lorenzo Sanz, who had been vice-president during his last term.\nHis ten years at the helm of the club make his presidency the second longest in the history of Real Madrid after the presidency of Santiago Bernabeu (1943-1978). Bernabeu is also the only president to accumulate more trophies than Mendoza with Real Madrid. With Mendoza as president the club won 6 Spanish Ligas, 2 Spanish Cups, 1 UEFA Cup and 3 Super Cups.\nMendoza died in 2001 while on holidays in Nassau, Bahamas.", "Q371663": "Kismet is a 1930 American pre-Code costume drama film photographed entirely in an early widescreen process using 65mm film that Warner Bros. called Vitascope. The film, now considered lost, was based on Edward Knoblock's play Kismet, and was previously filmed as a silent film in 1920 which also starred Otis Skinner.\n\n", "Q309900": "Peter Killian Gallagher (born August 19, 1955) is an American actor, musician and writer. Since 1980, Gallagher has played roles in numerous Hollywood films. He is best known for starring as Sandy Cohen in the television drama series The O.C. from 2003 to 2007, recurring role as Deputy Chief William Dodds on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, and Nick on the Netflix series Grace & Frankie. He also played CIA Director of Clandestine Services (DCS) Arthur Campbell on Covert Affairs.", "Q65132": "Dintikon is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.\nThe small village is located near Lenzburg and Wohlen.", "Q470732": "Jos\u00e9 Antonio Labordeta Sub\u00edas (Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain; 10 March 1935 \u2013 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain; 19 September 2010), described by The Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa 2000 (Great Aragonese Encyclopedia) as \"The most important Aragonese singer-songwriter\", began singing in an attempt to give more relevance to his poetry. His songs are well-known and beloved anthems in Arag\u00f3n. Poetic songs such as \"Arag\u00f3n\", \"Canto a la Libertad\" (Song for Freedom) or \"Me dicen que no quieres\" (They tell me you don't want to) were also sung all around the Iberian Peninsula.\nHe was also the founder of the Andal\u00e1n newspaper, which was very influential during the 1970s. From 2000 until retiring in 2008, he represented Zaragoza in the Spanish Congress for Chunta Aragonesista (Aragonese Union), an Aragonese political party.<\n\n", "Q983233": "Arnon Yasha Yves Grunberg (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0251rn\u0254n \u02c8j\u0251\u0283a\u02d0 i\u02d0v \u02c8\u0263r\u028fnb\u025brx]; born 22 February 1971) is a Dutch writer of novels, essays, and columns, as well as a journalist. He wrote some of his work under the heteronym Marek van der Jagt. He lives in New York.\n\n", "Q671480": "Albany ( (listen) AWL-b\u0259-nee) is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in northwestern Alameda County, California. The population was 18,539 at the 2010 census and is estimated to be 19,908 in 2018.", "Q65654": "Graciano Rocchigiani (29 December 1963 \u2013 1 October 2018) was a German professional boxer who competed from 1983 to 2003. He held world championships in two weight classes, including the IBF super-middleweight title from 1988 to 1989, and the WBC light-heavyweight title in 1998. At regional level he held the European light-heavyweight title from 1991 to 1992.", "Q213794": "Gustav Struve, known as Gustav von Struve until he gave up his title (11 October 1805 in Munich, Bavaria \u2013 21 August 1870 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary), was a German surgeon, politician, lawyer and publicist, and a revolutionary during the German revolution of 1848-1849 in Baden Germany. He also spent over a decade in the United States and was active there as a reformer.", "Q3047701": "Edme-Jean Leclaire (14 May 1801 \u2013 13 July 1872) was a French economist and businessman. He developed an early system of employee profit-sharing.\nLeclaire was born the son of a poor village shoemaker, in Aisy-sur-Arman\u00e7on, a small village in the district of Tonnerre, department of Yonne in France. He was a successful contractor glazier-painter, employing from 60 to 80 workers. The Society of Providence and Mutual Aid of the workers and employees of the Leclaire Company, which he founded, was authorized by the French Minister of the Interior on 28 September 1838. Leclaire subsequently served as Mayor of the town of Herblay, a commune in the north-western suburbs of Paris, France.The short-lived cooperative village of Leclaire in Madison County, Illinois, was founded by N. O. Nelson as a company town for the N. O. Nelson Manufacturing Company. The village was named in honor of Edme-Jean Leclaire. The village, which existed from 1890 to 1934, was operated based on some of Leclaire's principles.", "Q438992": "Madeleine \"Maddie\" Corman (born August 15, 1970) is an American film and television actress. She has appeared in over 25 films, including Seven Minutes in Heaven, Some Kind of Wonderful, The Adventures of Ford Fairlane and A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood.", "Q804348": "Thomas Baker Knight Jr. (July 4, 1933 \u2013 October 12, 2005) was an American songwriter and musician. His best known compositions were \"Lonesome Town\", \"The Wonder of You\", and \"Don't the Girls All Get Prettier at Closing Time\". His songs have been recorded by Ricky Nelson, Paul McCartney, Dean Martin, Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, Perry Como, Mickey Gilley, Sammy Davis Jr. and Jerry Lee Lewis.", "Q25270": "Pristina or Prishtina (UK: , US: ; Albanian: Prishtina or Prishtin\u00eb [p\u027ei\u0283\u02c8tin\u0259] (listen); Serbian: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430, romanized: Pri\u0161tina) is the capital and largest city of Kosovo. The city has a majority Albanian population, alongside other smaller communities. With a municipal population of 204,721 inhabitants (2016), Pristina is the second-largest city in the world with a predominantly Albanian-speaking population, after Albania's capital, Tirana. Within Serbia, it would be the 4th largest. Geographically, it is located in the north-eastern part of Kosovo close to the Goljak mountains.\nDuring the Paleolithic Age, what is now the area of Pristina was envolved by the Vin\u010da culture. It was home to several Illyrian and Roman people at the classical times. King Bardyllis brought various tribes together in the area of Pristina in the 4th century BC, establishing the Dardanian Kingdom. The heritage of the classical era is still evident in the city, represented by ancient city of Ulpiana, that was considered one of the most important Roman cities in the Balkan peninsula. Between the 5th and the 9th century the area was part of the Byzantine Empire. In the middle of the 9th century it was ceded to the First Bulgarian Empire. In the early 11th century it fell under Byzantine rule and was included into a new province called Bulgaria. Between the late 11th and middle of the 13th century it was ceded several times to the Second Bulgarian Empire.\nIn the late Middle Ages, Pristina was an important town in Medieval Serbia and also the royal estate of Stefan Milutin, Stefan Uro\u0161 III, Stefan Du\u0161an, Stefan Uro\u0161 V and Vuk Brankovi\u0107. Following the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans, Pristina became an important mining and trading center due to its strategic position near the rich mining town of Novo Brdo. The city was known for its trade fairs and items, such as goatskin and goat hair as well as gunpowder.\nThe first mosque in Pristina was built in the late 14th century while under Serbian rule.Pristina is the most important transportation junction of Kosovo, for air, rail, and roads. The international airport of Pristina is the largest airport of the country and among the largest in the region. A range of expressways and motorways, such as the R6, R7 and R7.1, radiate out the city and connect it to Albania and North Macedonia. \nPristina is as well as the most essential economic, financial, political and trade center of Kosovo mostly due to its significant location in the center of the country. It is the seat of power of the Government of Kosovo, the residences for work of the President and Prime Minister of Kosovo and the Parliament of Kosovo.", "Q651988": "La Gazzetta dello Sport (pronounced [la \u0261ad\u02c8dzetta dello \u02c8sp\u0254rt]; The Sports Gazette) is an Italian daily newspaper dedicated to coverage of various sports. Founded in 1896, it is the most widely read daily newspaper of any kind in Italy (in 2018). The Sunday edition is called La Gazzetta Sportiva.", "Q4212045": "Ely Jacques Kahn (June 1, 1884 \u2013 September 5, 1972) was an American commercial architect who designed numerous skyscrapers in New York City in the twentieth century. In addition to buildings intended for commercial use, Kahn's designs ranged throughout the possibilities of architectural programs, including facilities for the film industry. Many of his numerous buildings under the 1916 Zoning Resolution feature architectural setbacks to keep the building profitably close to its permitted \"envelope\" and have been likened to the stepped form of the Tower of Babell; a notable example is his 1400 Broadway (1931). Kahn is also known for his guidance to author Ayn Rand.\n\n", "Q156516": "Underground (Serbian: \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0437\u0435\u043c\u0459\u0435 / Podzemlje), is a 1995 comedy-drama film directed by Emir Kusturica, with a screenplay co-written by the director and Du\u0161an Kova\u010devi\u0107. It is also known by the subtitle Once Upon a Time There Was One Country (Serbian: \u0411\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0459\u0430/Bila jednom jedna zemlja), which was the title of the 5-hour mini-series (the long cut of the movie) shown on Serbian RTS television.\nThe film uses the epic story of two friends to portray a Yugoslav history from the beginning of World War II until the beginning of Yugoslav Wars. The film was an international co-production with companies from Yugoslavia (Serbia), France, Germany, Czech Republic and Hungary. The theatrical version is 163 minutes long. In interviews, Kusturica stated that his original version ran for over 320 minutes, and that he was forced to cut it by co-producers.\nUnderground won the Palme d'Or at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival. It was Kusturica's second such award after When Father Was Away on Business (1985). It went on to win other honours.\n\n", "Q297494": "Publius Licinius Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus (c. 242 \u2013 260) was Roman Emperor in 260.", "Q149436": "I Am... Yours: An Intimate Performance at Wynn Las Vegas is the third live and fourth video album by American singer Beyonc\u00e9. It was released on November 23, 2009 through Music World Entertainment and Columbia Records. The album was recorded at the Encore Theater in Paradise, Nevada, being filmed by Ed Burke, on August 2, 2009, during a stint of Beyonc\u00e9's I Am... World Tour (2009\u20132010). It features performances of over thirty songs, including her solo material, her recordings with the girl group Destiny's Child as well as behind-the-scenes footage. The film was directed by Nick Wickham and produced by Emer Patten.\nFootage from the film, titled Beyonc\u00e9 \u2013 I Am... Yours, aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on November 26, 2009. The special featured behind-the-scenes footage of Beyonc\u00e9's I Am... World Tour and it was watched by over 5.2 million viewers. The album was also promoted by being broadcast on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom and reissued in the form of a live instrumentals album. Upon its release, I Am... Yours: An Intimate Performance at Wynn Las Vegas received positive reviews from music critics, who generally praised the acoustic live performances of the songs. Beyonc\u00e9's vocals, the intimate performances, and the narrating story of the album were also complimented. The live version of \"Halo\", which is featured on the album, was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards (2011).\nI Am... Yours: An Intimate Performance at Wynn Las Vegas stayed atop the US Top Music Videos for eight weeks, and was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting shipments of 200,000 copies. It became Beyonc\u00e9's second number-one DVD in the United States and has spent fifty-two weeks on the Top Music Videos. The album was also successful on the DVD and albums charts across the world and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for selling over 15,000 copies.", "Q39659": "Jacques Santer (born 18 May 1937) is a Luxembourg politician who served as the 9th President of the European Commission from 1995 to 1999. He served as Finance Minister of Luxembourg from 1979 until 1989, and the 20th Prime Minister of Luxembourg from 1984 to 1995, as a member of the Christian Social People's Party, which has been the leading party in the Luxembourg government since 1979. As Prime Minister of Luxembourg he also led the negotiations on the Single European Act, which effectively set aside the 20-year-old Luxembourg Compromise.", "Q123189": "Erik Neutsch (21 June 1931, Sch\u00f6nebeck, Province of Saxony \u2013 20 August 2013, Halle) was one of the most successful writers in East Germany.", "Q711406": "Jos\u00e9 Antonio Torresola Ruiz better known as Frankie Ruiz (March 10, 1958 \u2013 August 9, 1998) was an American-born Puerto Rican salsa singer and songwriter. He was a major figure in the salsa rom\u00e1ntica subgenre that was popular in the 1980s and early 1990s. During his youth, he developed a passion for percussion, later confessing that this would have been his second choice after singing. While still in his 30s, he became known as El Pap\u00e1 de la Salsa (The Father of Salsa).\nFan reaction to his work was diverse. Within the Latino community, he was regarded as \"one of the best salseros ever\", and Puerto Ricans abroad were particularly fond of it because it brought back memories of their homeland. Among non-Latinos, some admitted that his music had been responsible for their interest in salsa as a genre and even the Spanish language.As salsa moved closer to pop music, and toned down the eroticism in its lyrics during the 1990s, Ruiz was challenged, along with other salsa rom\u00e1ntica performers, but he managed to record a number of hits during his late career. He suffered from years of drug and alcohol abuse. His personal shortcomings were exploited by the tabloid media but had little impact on his popularity. In 1998, Ruiz died due to complications from liver disease.", "Q268326": "Olga San Juan (March 16, 1927 \u2013 January 3, 2009) was a Nuyorican (a New York-born Puerto Rican) actress, dancer and comedian, mainly active in films during the 1940s.", "Q57180": "Frederick William IV (German: Friedrich Wilhelm IV.; 15 October 1795 \u2013 2 January 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as King of Prussia from 7 June 1840 to his death. Also referred to as the \"romanticist on the throne\", he is best remembered for the many buildings he had constructed in Berlin and Potsdam, as well as for the completion of the Gothic Cologne Cathedral. \nIn politics, he was a conservative, who initially pursued a moderate policy of easing press censorship and reconciling with the Catholic population of the kingdom. During the German revolutions of 1848\u20131849, he at first accommodated the revolutionaries but rejected the title of Emperor of the Germans offered by the Frankfurt Parliament in 1849 as not the Parliament's to give and used military force to crush the revolutionaries throughout the German Confederation. From 1849 onward he converted Prussia into a constitutional monarchy and acquired the port of Wilhelmshaven in the Jade Treaty of 1853.\nFrom 1857 to 1861, he suffered several strokes and was left incapacitated until his death. His brother (and heir-presumptive) Wilhelm served as regent after 1858 and then succeeded him as King.", "Q180636": "Tigran Vartanovich Petrosian (Russian: \u0422\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044f\u043d; Armenian: \u054f\u056b\u0563\u0580\u0561\u0576 \u054a\u0565\u057f\u0580\u0578\u057d\u0575\u0561\u0576; June 17, 1929 \u2013 August 13, 1984) was a Soviet Armenian Grandmaster, and World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969. He was nicknamed \"Iron Tigran\" due to his almost impenetrable defensive playing style, which emphasized safety above all else. Petrosian is credited with popularizing chess in Armenia.Petrosian was a Candidate for the World Chess Championship on eight occasions (1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1980). He won the World Championship in 1963 (against Mikhail Botvinnik), successfully defended it in 1966 (against Boris Spassky), and lost it to Spassky in 1969. Thus he was the defending World Champion or a World Championship Candidate in ten consecutive three-year cycles. He won the Soviet Championship four times (1959, 1961, 1969, and 1975).", "Q2090416": "Jos\u00e9 Luis Massera (Genoa, Italy, June 8, 1915 \u2013 Montevideo, September 9, 2002) was a Uruguayan mathematician who researched the stability of differential equations.\nMassera's lemma is named after him. He published over 40 papers during 1940\u20131970. A militant Communist, he was a political prisoner during 1975\u20131984. In the 1930s, Julio Rey Pastor gave regular weekend lectures on topology in Montevideo to a group that included Massera. Stimulated by contact with Argentine mathematics, the 1950s saw Uruguay develop a fine school in mathematics, of which Massera was very much a part.Massera developed new notions of stability, and published several foundational papers and an influential textbook. His results in (Massera 1950) on periodic differential equations have been heavily cited and are referred to as Massera's theorem. His work in (Massera 1949) and (Massera 1956) on the converse to Lyapunov's criterion is also influential, and contain the well known Massera's lemma. His textbook (Massera & Sch\u00e4ffer 1966) is also heavily cited.\nAfter military intervention in Uruguay in 1973, Massera was arrested on October 22, 1975 in Montevideo and was held in solitary confinement for nearly a year. During this time he was subjected to repeated torture resulting in injuries including a fractured pelvis. In October 1976 he was taken from solitary confinement, tried and convicted for \"subversive association\", and given a 24-year prison sentence. On June 22, 1979, as a consequence of a proposal put forward by Gaetano Fichera and unanimously approved by the whole Mathematics Faculty Council of the Sapienza University of Rome, he was awarded the laurea honoris causa while still being under conviction. He was released in 1984.\n\n", "Q238511": "Mavro Orbini (1563\u20131614) was a Ragusan chronicler, notable for his work The Realm of the Slavs (1601) which influenced Slavic ideology and historiography in the later centuries.", "Q323125": "Arnold Maurice Jacobs (June 11, 1915 \u2013 October 7, 1998) was an American tubist who spent most of his career with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. He held that position from 1944 until his retirement in 1988.\nJacobs was considered one of the foremost brass pedagogues of his time as well as an expert on breathing as it related to brasswind, woodwind, and vocal performance. Due to childhood illness and adult onset asthma, his lung capacity was significantly impaired. He is best remembered for his playing philosophy which he referred to as \"Song and wind.\"", "Q334459": "Horatio William Bottomley (23 March 1860 \u2013 26 May 1933) was an English financier, journalist, editor, newspaper proprietor, swindler, and Member of Parliament. He is best known for his editorship of the popular magazine John Bull, and for his patriotic oratory during the First World War. His career came to a sudden end when, in 1922, he was convicted of fraud and sentenced to seven years' imprisonment.\nBottomley spent five years in an orphanage before beginning his career, aged 14, as an errand boy. Subsequent experience as a solicitor's clerk gave him a useful knowledge of English law, which he later put to effective use in his court appearances. After working as a shorthand writer and court reporter, at 24 he founded his own publishing company, which launched numerous magazines and papers, including, in 1888, the Financial Times.He over-reached himself with an ambitious public flotation of his company, which led to his first arraignment on fraud charges in 1893. Despite evidence of malpractice, Bottomley, who defended himself, was acquitted. He subsequently amassed a fortune as a promoter of shares in gold-mining companies.\nIn 1906 Bottomley entered parliament as Liberal Party member for Hackney South. In the same year he founded the popular magazine John Bull, which became a platform for Bottomley's trenchant populist views. Financial extravagance and mismanagement continued to blight his career, and in 1912 he had to resign from parliament after being declared bankrupt. \nThe outbreak of war in 1914 revived his fortunes; as a journalist and orator Bottomley became a leading propagandist for the war effort, addressing well over 300 public meetings. His influence was such that it was widely expected that he would enter the War Cabinet, although he received no such offer.\nIn 1918, having been discharged from bankruptcy, Bottomley re-entered parliament as an Independent member. In the following year he launched his fraudulent \"Victory Bonds\" scheme which, when exposed, led to his conviction, imprisonment and expulsion from parliament. Released in 1927, he attempted unsuccessfully to relaunch his business career, and eked out a living by lecturing and appearances in music halls. His final years before his death in 1933 were spent in poverty.", "Q98901": "Edda G\u00f6ring (2 June 1938 \u2013 21 December 2018) was the only child of German politician, military leader, and leading member of the Nazi Party Hermann G\u00f6ring, by his second marriage to the German actress Emmy Sonnemann. In English-language sources the name is often spelled Goering.\nBorn a year before the outbreak of the Second World War, Edda spent most of her childhood years with her mother at the G\u00f6ring family estate at Carinhall. As a child she received many historical works of art as gifts, including a painting of the Madonna and Child by Lucas Cranach the Elder.\nIn the final stages of the war, she and her mother moved to their mountain home at Obersalzberg, near Berchtesgaden. After the war, she went to a girls-only school, studied at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, and became a law clerk. In the 1950s and 1960s many of the valuable gifts she received as a child, including the Madonna and Child painting, became the subject of long legal battles, most of which she eventually lost in 1968.\nUnlike the children of other high-ranking Nazis, such as Gudrun Himmler and Albert Speer Jr., G\u00f6ring did not speak in public about her father's career. However, in 1986 she was interviewed for Swedish television and spoke lovingly of both her parents.", "Q184478": "The University of California (UC) is a public university system in the U.S. state of California. Under the California Master Plan for Higher Education, the University of California is a part of the state's three-system public higher education plan, which also includes the California State University system and the California Community Colleges System.\nThe University of California was founded on March 23, 1868, and operated in Oakland before moving to its campus in Berkeley in 1873. In March 1951, the University of California began to reorganize itself into something distinct from its campus at Berkeley, with Robert Gordon Sproul remaining in place as the first systemwide President, Clark Kerr becoming the first Chancellor of UC Berkeley, and Raymond B. Allen became the first Chancellor of UCLA. However, the 1951 reorganization was stalled by resistance from Sproul and his allies, and it was not until Kerr succeeded Sproul as President that UC was able to evolve into a system from 1957 to 1960.In the 21st century, the University of California has 10 campuses, a combined student body of 280,380 students, 21,200 faculty members, 144,000 staff members and over 1.86 million living alumni, as governed by a semi-autonomous Board of Regents. Its tenth and newest campus in Merced opened in fall 2005. Nine campuses enroll both undergraduate and graduate students; one campus, UC San Francisco, enrolls only graduate and professional students in the medical and health sciences. In addition, the UC Hastings College of Law, located in San Francisco, is legally affiliated with UC, but other than sharing its name is entirely autonomous from the rest of the system.\nThe University of California also manages or co-manages three national laboratories for the U.S. Department of Energy: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).Collectively, the colleges, institutions, and alumni of the University of California make it the most comprehensive and advanced postsecondary educational system in the world, responsible for nearly $50 billion per year of economic impact. UC campuses have large numbers of distinguished faculty in almost every academic discipline, with UC faculty and researchers having won at least 62 Nobel Prizes as of 2017.", "Q369762": "Jean-Charles, chevalier de Borda (4 May 1733 \u2013 19 February 1799) was a French mathematician, physicist, and sailor.", "Q87821": "Rudolf Bernauer (20 January 1880, in Vienna, Austria \u2013 27 November 1953, in London, United Kingdom) was an Austrian lyricist, librettist, screenwriter, film director, producer,\nand actor.\nHis autobiography is \"Theater meines Lebens. Erinnerungen\" (\"Theater of my life: Memories\"), published in Berlin in 1955.", "Q725953": "Ashley Dwayne MacIsaac (born February 24, 1975) is a Canadian fiddler, singer and songwriter from Cape Breton Island. He has received three Juno Awards, winning for Best New Solo Artist and Best Roots & Traditional Album \u2013 Solo at the Juno Awards of 1996, and for Best Instrumental Artist at the Juno Awards of 1997. His 1995 album Hi\u2122 How Are You Today? was a double-platinum selling Canadian record. MacIsaac published an autobiography, Fiddling with Disaster in 2003.\n\n", "Q3269478": "Archibald Montgomery Low (17 October 1888 \u2013 13 September 1956) was an English consulting engineer, research physicist and inventor, and author of more than 40 books.\nLow has been called the \"father of radio guidance systems\" due to his pioneering work on guided rockets, planes and torpedoes. He was a pioneer in many fields though, often leading the way for others, but his lack of discipline meant he hardly ever saw a project through, being easily distracted by new ideas. If it wasn't for this inability to see things to a conclusion, Low could well have been remembered as one of the great men of science. Many of his scientific contemporaries disliked him, due in part to his using the title Professor, which technically he wasn't entitled to do as he didn't occupy an academic chair. His love of the limelight and publicity probably also added to the dislike.\nArchibald M. Low was one of the many forecasters of the concept of television in the early 1920s.\n\n", "Q74771": "Nyanaponika Thera or Nyanaponika Mahathera (July 21, 1901 \u2013 19 October 1994) was a German-born Sri-Lanka-ordained Theravada monk, co-founder of the Buddhist Publication Society[1], contemporary author of numerous seminal Theravada books, and teacher of contemporary Western Buddhist leaders such as Bhikkhu Bodhi.", "Q273048": "Imogen Stubbs, Lady Nunn (born 20 February 1961) is an English actress and writer.\nHer first leading part was in Privileged (1982), followed by A Summer Story. She played Lucy Steele in Sense and Sensibility (1995).\nHer first play, We Happy Few, was produced in 2004. In 2008 she joined Reader's Digest as a contributing editor and writer of fiction.", "Q32724": "Venetian or Venetan (\u0142\u00e9ngoa v\u00e8neta or v\u00e8neto), is a Romance language spoken as a native language by Venetians, almost four million people in the northeast of Italy, mostly in the Veneto region of Italy, where most of the five million inhabitants can understand it, centered in and around Venice, which carries the prestige dialect. It is sometimes spoken and often well understood outside Veneto, in Trentino, Friuli, Venezia Giulia, Istria, and some towns of Slovenia and Dalmatia (Croatia) by a surviving autochthonous Venetian population, and Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico by Venetians in the diaspora.\nAlthough referred to as an Italian dialect (Venetian: dia\u0142eto, Italian: dialetto) even by its speakers, Venetian is a separate language with many local varieties. Its precise place within the Romance language family remains controversial. However, both Ethnologue and Glottolog group it into the Gallo-Italic branch.\n\n", "Q329346": "Joseph Warren Robinett Jr. (born December 25, 1951) is a designer of interactive computer graphics software, notable as the developer of the Atari 2600's Adventure \u2014 the first graphical adventure video game \u2014 and as a founder of The Learning Company, where he designed Rocky's Boots and Robot Odyssey. More recently he has worked on virtual reality projects.\nRobinett graduated in 1974 with a B.A. from Rice University, with a major in \"Computer Applications to Language and Art\". After graduating from Rice University, he was a Fortran programmer for Western Geophysical in Houston, Texas. He received an M.S. from University of California, Berkeley in 1976, and went to work at Atari, Inc. in November 1977.", "Q17125263": "A YouTuber, also known as a YouTube content creator, is a type of videographer who produces videos for the video-sharing website YouTube. Networks sometimes support YouTube celebrities. Some YouTube personalities have corporate sponsors who pay for product placement in their clips or production of online.", "Q25258": "Faroese ( or ; Faroese: f\u00f8royskt m\u00e1l, pronounced [\u02c8f\u00f8\u02d0\u0279\u026ast m\u0254a\u02d0l]) is a North Germanic language spoken as a first language by about 72,000 people, around 49,000 of whom reside on the Faroe Islands and 23,000 in other areas, mainly Denmark. \nIt is one of five languages descended from Old West Norse spoken in the Middle Ages, the others being Norwegian, Icelandic, and the extinct Norn and Greenlandic Norse. Faroese and Icelandic, its closest extant relative, are not mutually intelligible in speech, but the written languages resemble each other quite closely, largely owing to Faroese's etymological orthography.", "Q606620": "The South Tyrolean People's Party (German: S\u00fcdtiroler Volkspartei, SVP) is regionalist and autonomist political party in South Tyrol, an autonomous province in northern Italy.\nFounded on 8 May 1945, the SVP has roots in the Deutscher Verband, a confederation of German-speaking parties formed in 1919 after the annexation of South Tyrol by Italy, which shared many of the same leading figures as the SVP. An ethnic catch-all party, the SVP is aimed at representing South Tyrol's German-speaking population as well as Ladin speakers, is mainly Christian-democratic but nevertheless quite diverse, including conservatives, liberals and social democrats. The party gives special attention also to the interests of farmers, which make up a good deal of its electorate.\nFrom 1948 to 2013 the party retained an absolute majority in the Provincial Council. Its best result was 67.8% in 1948, its worst 41.9% in 2018. The SVP had a long-lasting alliance with Christian Democracy (and the Italian Socialist Party) and, since 1994, with some of its successor parties, including the Italian People's Party and the Democratic Union of Alto Adige. In 1998 the SVP formed a coalition with the Democrats of the Left, replaced by the Democratic Party in 2009. That coalition lasted ten years, until the party chose to team up with the local section of Lega Nord in 2019.", "Q466178": "Andi (Andrei) Gutmans is a programmer and entrepreneur, born in Switzerland and currently residing in the United States. He helped to co-create PHP, and co-founded Zend Technologies and is a General Manager at Amazon Web Services. A graduate of the Technion, the Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Gutmans and fellow student Zeev Suraski created PHP 3 in 1997. In 1999 they wrote the Zend Engine, the core of PHP 4, and founded Zend Technologies, which has since overseen PHP advances, including the PHP 5 and most recent PHP 7 releases. The name Zend is a portmanteau of their forenames, Zeev and Andi.Gutmans served as CEO of Zend Technologies until October 2015 when Zend was acquired by Rogue Wave Software. Before being appointed CEO in February 2009, he led Zend's R&D including development of all Zend products and Zend's contributions to the open-source Zend Framework and PHP Development Tools projects. He has participated at Zend in its corporate financing and has also led alliances with vendors like Adobe, IBM, Microsoft, and Oracle.Gutmans served on the board of the Eclipse Foundation (October 2005 - October 2008), is an emeritus member of the Apache Software Foundation, and was nominated for the FSF Award for the Advancement of Free Software in 1999.\nIn 2004 he wrote a book called \"PHP 5 Power Programming\" together with Stig Bakken and Derick Rethans.\nGutmans was recognized by ComputerWorld magazine in July 2007 in their article \u201c40 Under 40: 40 Innovative IT People to Watch, Under the Age of 40.\u201d In March 2016, Gutmans left Rogue Wave to join Amazon Web Services. Explaining his motivations, Gutmans cited \"Cloud infrastructure adoption is at a tipping point\" and \"the data 'center of gravity' is moving to the cloud\", where Amazon \"appears to effectively balance innovation and invention: a focus on customer value with a bias to action\". In his role at Amazon Web Services, Gutmans manages Amazon Elasticsearch Service, Amazon Redshift, Amazon CloudSearch, Amazon ElastiCache and Amazon Neptune.\nGutmans holds four citizenships: Swiss, British, Israeli and American.", "Q118137": "Alexander Zimovsky (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, Belarusian: \u0410\u043b\u044f\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0417\u0456\u043c\u043e\u045e\u0441\u043a\u0456, Aliaksandr Zimouski, born January 10, 1961) is a Belarusian politician and former media executive and TV host, accused of being one of the key propagandists of the authoritarian regime of Alexander Lukashenko.", "Q90385": "Rainer Hildebrandt (born December 14, 1914 in Stuttgart, died January 9, 2004 in Berlin) was a German anti-communist resistance fighter, historian and founder of the legendary Checkpoint Charlie Museum. He was involved in the resistance to the communist regime of the Soviet occupation zone since the 1940s, as a member of the Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit. The resistance group received financial aid from the Central Intelligence Agency.\nIn 1995, he married Alexandra Hildebrandt. She remains a director of the museum following his death.", "Q232772": "Susanna Mary Clarke (born 1 November 1959) is an English author best known for her debut novel Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell (2004), a Hugo Award-winning alternative history. Clarke began Jonathan Strange in 1993 and worked on it during her spare time. For the next decade, she published short stories from the Strange universe, but it was not until 2003 that Bloomsbury bought her manuscript and began work on its publication. The novel became a best-seller.\nTwo years later, she published a collection of her short stories, The Ladies of Grace Adieu and Other Stories (2006). Both Clarke's novel and her short stories are set in a magical England and written in a pastiche of the styles of 19th-century writers such as Jane Austen and Charles Dickens. While Strange focuses on the relationship of two men, Jonathan Strange and Gilbert Norrell, the stories in Ladies focus on the power women gain through magic.", "Q70517": "Saint-Aubin-Sauges is a former municipality in the district of Boudry in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018 the former municipalities of Bevaix, Saint-Aubin-Sauges, Gorgier, Vaumarcus, Montalchez and Fresens merged into the new municipality of La Grande-B\u00e9roche.", "Q68358": "Acquarossa is the capital of the district of Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nThe municipality was created on 4 April 2004 by a merger of Castro, Corzoneso, Dongio, Largario, Leontica, Lottigna, Ponto Valentino and Prugiasco. The village Acquarossa was located in Lottigna. The name of the new community was selected from the one located at its centre: Aquarossa, a tourist resort.", "Q82959": "Zula Pogorzelska (1896 \u2013 10 February 1936) born Zofia Pogorzelska, was a Polish cabaret and film actress. She was the first Polish performer to introduce the Charleston on stage of the Cabaret Pod sukienk\u0105 in 1926. Pogorzelska was the wife of popular Warsaw cabaret and film artist Konrad Tom a.k.a. Konrad Runowiecki.", "Q465471": "Ashlee Nicole \"Nikki\" DeLoach (born September 9, 1979) is an American actress and singer.", "Q221068": "Logan Wade Lerman (born January 19, 1992) is an American actor, known for playing the title role in the fantasy-adventure Percy Jackson films. He appeared in commercials in the mid-1990s, before starring in the series Jack & Bobby (2004\u20132005) and the movies The Butterfly Effect (2004) and Hoot (2006). Lerman gained further recognition for his roles in the western 3:10 to Yuma, the thriller The Number 23, the comedy Meet Bill, and 2009's Gamer and My One and Only. He subsequently played d'Artagnan in 2011's The Three Musketeers, starred in the coming-of-age dramas The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2012), Indignation (2016) and The Vanishing of Sidney Hall (2017), and had major roles in the 2014 films Noah and Fury. In 2020, he returned to television with the series Hunters.", "Q26751": "Moon is a 2009 science fiction film directed by Duncan Jones and written by Nathan Parker from a story by Jones. The film follows Sam Bell (Sam Rockwell), a man who experiences a personal crisis as he nears the end of a three-year solitary stint mining helium-3 on the far side of the Moon. It was the feature debut of director Duncan Jones. Kevin Spacey voices Sam's robot companion, GERTY. Moon premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and was released in selected cinemas in New York and Los Angeles on 12 June 2009. The release was expanded to additional theatres in the United States on 10 July and to the United Kingdom on 17 July.\nMoon was modestly budgeted and grossed just under $10 million worldwide but was well-received by critics. Rockwell's performance found praise as did the film's scientific realism and plausibility. It won numerous film critic and film festival awards and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film.", "Q1752712": "Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144 (Polish: Uniwersytet Miko\u0142aja Kopernika w Toruniu, UMK) is located in Toru\u0144, Poland. It is named after Nicolaus Copernicus, who was born there in Toru\u0144 in 1473.", "Q220376": "Hancock is a 2008 American superhero film directed by Peter Berg and starring Will Smith, Charlize Theron, and Jason Bateman. It tells the story of a vigilante superhero, John Hancock (Smith) from Los Angeles whose reckless actions routinely cost the city millions of dollars. Eventually one person he saves, Ray Embrey (Bateman), makes it his mission to change Hancock's public image for the better.\nThe story was originally written by Vincent Ngo in 1996. It languished in \"development hell\" for years with various directors attached, including Tony Scott, Michael Mann, Jonathan Mostow, and Gabriele Muccino, before being filmed in 2007 in Los Angeles with a production budget of $150 million.\nIn the United States, the film was rated PG-13 by the Motion Picture Association of America after changes were made at their request in order to avoid an R rating, which it had received twice before. The film was released on July 2, 2008 in the United States by Columbia Pictures. Hancock received mixed reviews from critics who praised its performances and premise, but criticized its execution and failure to deliver on its potential, especially during its second half. It grossed $624 million worldwide, becoming the fourth highest-grossing film of 2008.", "Q3157248": "Jack Lindquist (March 15, 1927 \u2013 February 28, 2016) was an American business executive who served as president of the Disneyland theme park in Anaheim, California from 1990 until he retired in 1993. He was a Disney employee from 1955 until his retirement, and was a marketing executive in the theme parks division for almost thirty years, including a stint as the first advertising manager for Disneyland. His eventual reach would extend worldwide, having trained and/or greatly influenced others who would become amusement industry leaders, both inside and outside of the Disney attractions. Among the amusement industry, many have credited Lindquist with founding and greatly expanding the arts and sciences of attraction promotion.", "Q1702125": "Pablo Lescano (Buenos Aires, Argentina, December 8, 1977) is an Argentine singer, composer, keyboardist, and leader of Cumbia villera group Damas Gratis from 2000.", "Q749645": "Joseph-\u00c9douard Cauchon, (December 31, 1816 \u2013 February 23, 1885) was a prominent Quebec politician in the middle years of the nineteenth-century. Although he held a variety of portfolios at the federal, provincial and municipal levels, he never achieved his goal of becoming the Premier of Quebec.\nBorn to a well-established family of seigneurs, Cauchon received a classical education at the Petit S\u00e9minaire of Quebec from 1830 to 1839, and subsequently studied law. He was called to the Quebec bar in 1843, but never practised. Instead he turned to journalism, working for Le Canadien from 1841 to 1842, and launching his own Le Journal de Qu\u00e9bec in December of the latter year. This paper was known for its sharp political wit and generally supported Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine's French Canadian Reformers during its early years.\nIn 1841, he published an elementary treatise of physics entitled Notions \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires de physique, avec planches \u00e0 l'usage des maisons d'\u00e9ducation.\nCauchon himself entered political life in 1844, winning election for the riding of Montmorency in the Province of Canada's legislature. He defeated a Mr. Taschereau by 475 votes to 147, and sat with Lafontaine's French Canadian group on the opposition benches for the next three years.\nLafontaine's party won a major victory in 1847, and Cauchon was re-elected by acclamation. He did not, however, join the cabinet of Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin.\nCauchon supported the union of Canada East and Canada West as a guarantor of rights for both regions and sought to have the bilingual Augustin-Norbert Morin elected as speaker of the provincial legislature. When Francis Hincks replaced Lafontaine as Premier in 1851, Cauchon's position was one of ambivalence. He opposed Hincks's alliance with the Clear Grit faction (which he described as \"socialist and anticatholic\"), and turned down Hincks's offer to become assistant Provincial Secretary. While he did not abandon the Reform cause entirely, his newspapers's criticisms of the Hincks government weakened the ministry's position in Quebec.\nCauchon was himself re-elected in 1851 and 1854, defeating one Mr. Glackemeyer by 883 votes to 529 on the latter occasion. His political position in 1854 was ambiguous, and he held some hopes of replacing Hincks as a coalitionist Premier when the overall results proved inconclusive. He abandoned this plan, however, to support the alliance of Allan Napier McNab's Conservatives with the French Canadian bloc (then led by Morin) and a part of Hincks's Reform group. In the year that followed, Cauchon supported the government's decisions to eliminate the seigneural system (over Louis-Joseph Papineau's objections) and secularize the clergy reserves. In 1855, he introduced a bill to make the Legislative Council elective; this was passed into law, and came into effect the following year.\nLater in 1855, Cauchon was appointed to the McNab\u2013\u00c9tienne-Paschal Tach\u00e9 cabinet as Commissioner of Crown Lands. He resigned in April 1857, when his government refused to allocate funds for a railway on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River. Cauchon remained a member of the Parti bleu, however, and was re-elected in the general election of 1857.\nCauchon voted against his party on some occasions in 1858, and spoke out against its early support of Canadian Confederation. Nevertheless, he was appointed in 1861 as Minister of Public Works in the George-\u00c9tienne Cartier-Macdonald cabinet, and held this position until the Cartier-Macdonald government was defeated in the house the following year. Cauchon was returned by acclamation in the general election of 1861, and defeated a Mr. Tourangeau by 526 votes to 367 in 1863.\nWhen the Conservatives returned to power in March 1864, Cauchon was again chosen as Public Works minister. He was forced to resign this position after the creation of a \"Grand Coalition\" ministry in August, though he continued to support the government from the back benches. Despite his previous opposition, he also emerged as a leading supporter of the confederation plan. In 1865, he published (in French and English) a work entitled The union of the provinces of British North America, which rejected his earlier opposition to the plan.\nWhile retaining his seat in parliament, Cauchon also served as mayor of Quebec City from 1865 to 1867. It is difficult to determine what he accomplished, as he never published a report during this period.\nAfter Confederation was achieved in July 1867, Cauchon was called upon to become the first Premier of Quebec. He was unable to accomplish this task, however, as his plans to include an anglophone in cabinet broke down on the issue of educational funding for the province's Protestant minority. Cauchon opposed the creation of a Protestant Superintendency for the province, while all of his potential anglophone ministers supported it. Accordingly, Cauchon stood aside, and Pierre Chauveau became the province's first Premier instead. Despite this setback, Cauchon was re-elected for Montmorency to both the federal and provincial parliaments later in the year.\n\nRejected in his bid to become Quebec Premier, Cauchon still sought higher office. In October 1867, he demanded that the Conservative government appoint him to the Senate of Canada, and allow him to be chosen as its first speaker. Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau was accordingly convinced to resign his Senate seat, and Cauchon took his place on November 2, 1867, becoming speaker three days later. His appointment was extremely unpopular with senators from both parties, and Cauchon subsequently identified himself as an Independent Conservative. The affair may have contributed to Cauchon's defeat at the hands of John Lemesurier in a bid for re-election as Quebec City's Mayor one month later. Despite the unpopularity of his appointment, Cauchon remained Speaker of the Senate until June 30, 1872 (though he stepped down on a temporary basis on two occasions, for eleven days in total). While in Ottawa he lived in Stadacona Hall in Sandy Hill.\nCauchon was re-elected by acclamation to the Quebec assembly in 1871 and resigned his Senate seat in 1872 to run for the House of Commons again. This time running in Quebec Centre, he was opposed by an Anglophone Protestant named James Gibb Ross. The resulting election was divided on sectarian lines, and was extremely violent. Cauchon won by 964 votes to 694; he returned to parliament as an Independent Conservative and was not specifically aligned with either party.\nIn 1873, Cauchon wanted to replace N. F. Belleau as lieutenant governor of Quebec, but was rejected by the Macdonald government due to his large number of enemies. He also wanted to become Quebec leader of the federal Conservative party after Cartier's death, but was too unpopular within the party. Following these rejections, he began to align himself with the opposition Liberals, joining the party when the Pacific Scandal brought down Macdonald's government later in the year. Cauchon resigned his seat in the Quebec legislature in February 1874 when his \"dual mandate\" became illegal, and thereafter focused his attentions on federal advancement.\nCauchon's presence in the Liberal Party was a matter of convenience for both sides. Cauchon provided the Liberals with a link to various Catholic concerns in Quebec, and helped the party rebuild a provincial network. In return, Cauchon was appointed to cabinet as President of the Privy Council on December 7, 1875. Liberal Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie subsequently wanted to promote him to Minister of Justice, but was unable to do so because of divisions in the party. Cauchon was, however, promoted to Minister of Inland Revenue on June 8, 1877.\nAs before, Cauchon was a leading source of division in his party. Wilfrid Laurier emerged as a leading opponent of Cauchon among the Quebec Liberals, and was successful in having him removed from cabinet in October 1877. As compensation, Cauchon was appointed the third Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, replacing the retiring Alexander Morris.\nCauchon's appointment was met with apprehension among Manitoba's anglophone residents. The province's population was divided on ethnic, linguistic and religious lines at the time, and there was often strong antagonism between members of different communities. Many within Manitoba's majority anglophone population believed that Cauchon would refuse to uphold their legal rights. This supposition proved false, but Cauchon still reserved approval of an 1878 bill that eliminated the printing of government legislation in French.\nWhile the previous lieutenant governors of Manitoba had been interventionist figures, Cauchon was generally content to assume a more ceremonial role. This was a reflection of the province's political maturity and its ability to govern without direction from its formal executive.\nCauchon's term ended on December 1, 1882, although he remained in Manitoba after this time. Already wealthy from his business activities in Quebec, he had made a further fortune on railway speculation in the western province (estimates of his earnings range from half a million to a million dollars). He was caught in a market downturn just as his term in office came an end, however, and was forced to sell his luxurious Winnipeg mansion in 1884. He then moved to the Qu'Appelle Valley (in modern Saskatchewan), and lived in somewhat reduced circumstances until his death the following year.", "Q59185": "Trevor George Smith Jr. (born May 20, 1972), known professionally as Busta Rhymes, is an American rapper, musician, singer, record producer, record executive, and actor. Chuck D of Public Enemy gave him the moniker Busta Rhymes, after NFL and CFL wide receiver George \"Buster\" Rhymes. He is known for his outlandish style and fashion sense as well as his intricate and high-speed rhyming technique. He has received 11 Grammy Award nominations for his work.\nAbout.com included him on its list of the 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time (1987\u20132007), while Steve Huey of AllMusic called him one of the best and most prolific rappers of the 1990s. In 2012, The Source placed him on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time. MTV has called him \"one of hip-hop's greatest visual artists\".Busta Rhymes was an original member of Leaders of the New School. He later went on and founded the record label Conglomerate (initially Flipmode Entertainment) and production crew The Conglomerate (formerly Flipmode Squad). In November 2011, Busta Rhymes signed a deal with Cash Money Records. On July 23, 2014, Busta Rhymes announced that he left Cash Money Records due to creative differences and was no longer on Republic.\nHe has released nine studio albums, with the first being the 1996 platinum-selling album The Coming. His list of hit singles include \"Woo Hah!! Got You All in Check\", \"Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See\", \"Dangerous\", \"Turn It Up\" (Remix)/\"Fire It Up\", \"Gimme Some More\", \"What's It Gonna Be?\", \"Pass the Courvoisier, Part II\", \"I Know What You Want\" and \"Touch It\".", "Q198051": "Zhou Zuoren (Chinese: \u5468\u4f5c\u4eba; pinyin: Zh\u014du Zu\u00f2r\u00e9n; Wade\u2013Giles: Chou Tso-jen) (16 January 1885 \u2013 6 May 1967) was a Chinese writer, primarily known as an essayist and a translator. He was the younger brother of Lu Xun (Zhou Shuren), the second of three brothers.\n\n", "Q1065497": "Shaker Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 Census, the city population was 28,448. Shaker Heights is an inner-ring streetcar suburb of Cleveland, abutting the eastern edge of the city's limits. In July 1911, a petition by property owners was successful in detaching a long strip of land from the south of Cleveland Heights, to be named Shaker Village. In November 1911, the voters of Shaker Village formed Shaker Heights Village, which was incorporated in January 1912.\nShaker Heights was a planned community developed by the Van Sweringen brothers, railroad moguls who envisioned the community as a suburban retreat from the industrial inner city of Cleveland.", "Q345288": "Aleksandr Yuriyevich \"Sasha\" Kaleri (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438; born in J\u016brmala, Latvia on 13 May 1956) is a Russian cosmonaut and veteran of extended stays on the Mir Space Station and the International Space Station (ISS). Kaleri has most recently been in space aboard the ISS serving as a flight engineer for the long duration Expedition 25/26 missions. He has spent the fourth-longest time in space of any person, the longest time in space of any currently active cosmonaut, and the longest time in space of any person not born in what is now Russia.", "Q334471": "Clamp (\u30af\u30e9\u30f3\u30d7, Kuranpu) is an all-female Japanese manga artist group that formed in the mid-1980s. It consists of leader Nanase Ohkawa (\u5927\u5ddd \u4e03\u702c, \u014ckawa Nanase), and three artists whose roles shift for each series: Mokona (\u3082\u3053\u306a, Mokona), Tsubaki Nekoi (\u732b\u4e95 \u693f, Nekoi Tsubaki), and Satsuki Igarashi (\u3044\u304c\u3089\u3057 \u5bd2\u6708, Igarashi Satsuki). Almost 100 million Clamp tank\u014dbon copies have been sold worldwide as of October 2007.Beginning as an eleven-member d\u014djinshi circle in the mid-1980s, they began creating original work in 1987. By the time they debuted with RG Veda in 1989, the group was reduced to seven members. In 1993, three more members left, leaving the four members who are currently still part of the group. In 2006, the members decided to change their names; Ohkawa later changed her name back from Ageha Ohkawa to Nanase Ohkawa, while the other three members retained their new names.", "Q276130": "Mitchell Leisen (October 6, 1898 \u2013 October 28, 1972) was an American director, art director, and costume designer.", "Q20320": "Mirow (German pronunciation: [\u02c8mi\u02d0\u0281o\u02d0]) is a town in the district of Mecklenburgische Seenplatte in southern Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.", "Q49396": "Lonely Are the Brave is a 1962 American Drama Western film adaptation of the Edward Abbey novel The Brave Cowboy. The film was directed by David Miller from a screenplay by Dalton Trumbo.It stars Kirk Douglas as cowboy Jack Burns, Gena Rowlands as his best friend's wife and Walter Matthau as a sheriff who sympathizes with Burns but must do his job and chase him down. It also featured an early score by composer Jerry Goldsmith. Douglas felt that this was his favorite film.", "Q69720": "Princess Tatiana von Metternich-Winneburg (born Princess Tatiana Hilarionovna Vassiltchikova (Russian: \u0422\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430); 1 January 1915 \u2013 26 July 2006) was a Russian aristocrat, philanthropist, artist, and patron of the arts. She published her books and watercolours under the name Tatiana von Metternich. She supported charity, especially the Red Cross and the Order of St. Lazarus, which she served as Grand Bailiff for Germany. She was a founding member of the Rheingau Musik Festival, made parts of Schloss Johannisberg available as concert venues for the festival and served as the president of its Kuratorium until her death.", "Q57816": "Baburam Bhattarai (Nepali: \u092c\u093e\u092c\u0941\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092d\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930\u093e\u0908, pronounced [b\u0251\u02d0bu\u02d0r\u0251\u02d0m \u02c8b\u02b0\u028c\u02cct\u0259r\u028c\u026a] (born 18 June 1954) is a Nepalese politician who was Prime Minister of Nepal from August 2011 to March 2013. He was a long-time leading member of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) prior to founding a new party, Naya Shakti.\nIn 1996 the Maoists started the Nepalese Civil War, which had a huge impact on the political system in Nepal. The decade-long civil war, in which more than 12,000 Nepalese died, had a major role in the transformation of Nepal from a monarchy into a republic. Bhattarai was elected to the Constituent Assembly from Gorkha as a Maoist candidate in 2008 and became Minister of Finance in the cabinet formed after the election.\nBhattarai became Prime Minister in 2011. As a way out of the political deadlock since the dissolution of the first Nepalese Constituent Assembly in May 2012, he was replaced by Chief Justice Khil Raj Regmi as head of an interim government that was to hold elections by 21 June 2013. He was a senior Standing Committee member and vice chairperson of the Maoist party until his resignation from his post and all party responsibilities on 26 September 2015. He was until recently the Coordinator of the Naya Shakti. As of 2019, he is the Chairman of the Federal Council of the newly formed Samajbadi Party, Nepal, a party formed by the merger of the Naya Shakti Party, Nepal and the Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal.\n\n", "Q153320": "Rai San'y\u014d (Japanese: \u983c \u5c71\u967d; 21 January 1780, Aki Province \u2013 16 October 1832, Kyoto) was a Japanese Confucianist philosopher, historian, artist and poet of the later Edo period. His true name was Rai Noboru.", "Q1619277": "George Hyde Fallon (July 24, 1902 \u2013 March 21, 1980), a Democrat, was a U.S. Congressman who represented the 4th congressional district of Maryland from January 3, 1945, to January 3, 1971.\nGrowing up, Fallon attended public schools, Calvert Business College, and Johns Hopkins University. He engaged in the advertising sign business and made his entry into politics by becoming chairman of the Democratic state central committee of Baltimore, Maryland, in 1938. \nHe was elected to the Baltimore City Council from the third council district, serving from May 1939 to December 1944 when he resigned to take office as a Congressman. In 1944, he won election as a Democrat to the Seventy-ninth the twelve succeeding congresses, serving from January 3, 1945, to January 3, 1971. While in congress, Fallon was chairman of the Committee on Public Works from the 89th through 91st Congresses. Fallon was also one of the congressmen wounded during the Capitol shooting incident in 1954. Fallon did not sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto, and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1960, 1964, and 1968, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.Fallon was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1970 to the Ninety-second Congress after being labeled by conservationists as one the dirty dozen for his record as the twelfth most anti-environmental congressman at that time. Fallon retired to Baltimore, where he died in 1980. He is interred in Greenmount Cemetery.", "Q85788": "Georg Gradnauer (16 November 1866 \u2013 18 November 1946) was a German newspaper editor and politician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), and the first elected Minister-President of Saxony following the abolition of the Kingdom of Saxony.\nBorn in Magdeburg, Gradnauer earned a PhD in 1889, and became editor of the S\u00e4chsische Arbeiterzeitung (later Dresdner Volkszeitung), the SPD paper in Saxony, in 1891. A relative moderate within the Saxon SPD, he was replaced as editor by radicals Alexander Parvus and Julian Marchlewski in 1896. Gradnauer subsequently moved to the SPD's Berlin paper, Vorw\u00e4rts, where he worked from 1897 with fellow reformists Friedrich Stampfer and Kurt Eisner, until 1905, when they were ousted in favor of editors from the SPD's left wing. Gradnauer then returned to head the S\u00e4chsische Arbeiterzeitung once more, meanwhile renamed Dresdner Volkszeitung, and remained in that role until the outbreak of the German Revolution in 1918. In parallel with this newspaper work, he served as an SPD delegate to the Reichstag, in two stints: 1898 to 1907, and 1912 to 1918.Following the German Revolution, Gradnauer initially served as Minister of Justice in the new republican government of Saxony in 1918, and soon succeeded Richard Lipinski as Minister of the Interior and chair of the provisional government. The SPD won a plurality of the votes in the first Saxon elections under the Weimar Republic, on February 2, 1919, and Gradnauer ended up forming a minority government, becoming Saxony's first constitutional Minister-President on March 14. His minority government was formed after an attempt to form a coalition with the Independent SPD (USPD) foundered over the USPD's demand for recognition of workers' councils, and Gradnauer's preferred alternative, a coalition with the German Democratic Party (DDP), was rejected by the majority of SPD delegates.Gradnauer served as Minister-President for a little over a year. In May 1919, he used the military and Freikorps to put down left-wing radicals in Leipzig, in a small-scale reprise of the actions taken by the SPD national government under Friedrich Ebert in putting down the Spartacist uprising some months prior. This furthered the rift with the USPD, but enabled an SPD\u2013DDP coalition in October 1919, with Gradnauer continuing as Minister-President at the head of the now-majority government. Left-wing resentment within the SPD began to build in early 1920, however, and Gradnauer was forced to resign in April 1920, with opposition to his use of the military against the radical left being joined by discontent over his unwillingness to replace conservative elements of the bureaucracy with Social Democrats. He was succeeded as Minister-President by Wilhelm Buck.After resigning as Minister-President, Gradnauer was reelected to the Reichstag, serving from 1920 to 1924, and briefly (1921) holding a cabinet post as Minister of the Interior under Joseph Wirth. He also served as delegate of the Saxon state government to Berlin from 1921 to 1932.He was initially arrested by the Nazis in 1933, but released. Being a Jew, he was eventually sent to Theresienstadt concentration camp in 1944, but survived and was liberated in 1945. He died a year later in Berlin.", "Q974693": "Italian Americans (Italian: italoamericani or italo-americani [\u02ccitalo.ameri\u02c8ka\u02d0ni]) are citizens of the United States of America who are of Italian descent. The majority of Italian Americans reside mainly in the Northeast and in urban industrial Midwest metropolitan areas, though smaller communities exist in certain metropolitan areas in other parts of the United States.About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004, with the majority of Italian immigrants to the United States arriving in the 20th century from Southern Italy . In 1870, prior to the large wave of Italian immigrants to the United States, there were fewer than 25,000 Italian immigrants in America, many of them Northern Italian refugees from the wars that accompanied the Risorgimento\u2014the struggle for Italian unification and independence from foreign rule which ended in 1871. Immigration began to increase during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated (1870\u201379: 46,296) than during the five previous decades combined (1820\u201369: 22,627). The 1870s were followed by the greatest surge of immigration, which occurred between 1880 and 1914 and brought more than 4 million Italians to the United States, the greatest number coming from Southern Italy (namely Campania, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria and Sicily), areas which were still largely rural and agricultural, and where much of the populace had been impoverished by centuries of foreign misrule and the heavy tax burdens levied after Italian unification in 1861. This period of large-scale immigration ended abruptly with the onset of the First World War in 1914 and, except for one year (1922), never fully resumed. Further immigration was greatly limited by several laws Congress passed in the 1920s.Following the unification, the unitary Italian state initially encouraged emigration to relieve economic pressures in the South. After the American Civil War, which resulted in over a half million killed or wounded, immigrant workers were recruited from Italy and elsewhere to fill the labor shortage caused by the war. In the United States, most Italians began their new lives as manual laborers in eastern cities, mining camps and farms. The descendants of the Italian immigrants gradually rose from a lower economic class in the first generation to a level comparable to the national average by 1970. The Italian community has often been characterized by strong ties to family, the Catholic Church, fraternal organizations, and political parties.\n\n", "Q266445": "Mary Margaret Wood (February 9, 1892 \u2013 March 18, 1978) was an American actress of stage, film, and television. She is best remembered for her performance as the title character in the CBS television series Mama (1949\u20131957), for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series; her starring role as Naomi, Ruth's mother-in-law, in The Story of Ruth (1960); and her final screen appearance as Mother Abbess in The Sound of Music (1965), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award.", "Q915": "Perm (Russian: \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044c, IPA: [p\u02b2\u025brm\u02b2];) is a city and the administrative centre of Perm Krai, Russia, located on the banks of the Kama River in the European part of Russia near the Ural Mountains.\nAccording to the 2010 Census, Perm's population is 991,162, down from 1,001,653 recorded in the 2002 Census and 1,090,944 recorded in 1989 Census. As of the 2010 Census, the city was the thirteenth most populous in Russia.It was previously known as Yagoshikha (Yegoshikha) (until 1781), Perm (until 1940). From 1940 to 1957 it was named Molotov (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 [\u02c8mo\u026b\u0259t\u0259f]) in honor of Vyacheslav Molotov.", "Q521227": "The Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation (French: Organisation Conjointe de Coop\u00e9ration en mati\u00e8re d'ARmement; OCCAR) is a European intergovernmental organisation that facilitates and manages collaborative armament programmes through their lifecycle between the nations of Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.", "Q76600": "Manfred Eigen (9 May 1927 \u2013 6 February 2019) was a German biophysical chemist who won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on measuring fast chemical reactions.Eigen's research helped solve major problems in physical chemistry and aided in the understanding of chemical processes that occur in living organisms.\nIn later years, he explored the biochemical roots of life and evolution. He worked to install a multidisciplinary program at the Max Planck Institute to study the underpinnings of life at the molecular level. His work was hailed for creating a new scientific and technological discipline: evolutionary biotechnology.", "Q271139": "Irma Thomas (born February 18, 1941) is an American singer from New Orleans. She is known as the \"Soul Queen of New Orleans\".Thomas is a contemporary of Aretha Franklin and Etta James, but never experienced their level of commercial success. In 2007, she won the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album for After the Rain, her first Grammy in a career spanning over 50 years.\n\n", "Q257840": "James Jones (June 2, 1937 \u2013 August 2, 2012) was an American singer-songwriter who moved to New York City while a teenager. According to Allmusic journalist Steve Huey, \"best known for his 1960 R&B smash, 'Handy Man,' Jones sang in a smooth yet soulful falsetto modeled on the likes of Clyde McPhatter and Sam Cooke.\"", "Q1351952": "Harvey Mandel (born March 11, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, United States) is an American guitarist known for his innovative approach to electric guitar playing. A professional at twenty, he played with Charlie Musselwhite, Canned Heat, the Rolling Stones, and John Mayall as well as starting a solo career. Mandel is one of the first rock guitarists to use two-handed fretboard tapping.", "Q2900653": "Doron Shmueli (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u200e, born 5 October 1954) is a former Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Likud between November 1998 and June 1999.", "Q1574779": "Harold Pupkewitz (14 July 1915 \u2013 27 April 2012) was a Namibian entrepreneur and member of the President's Economic Advisory Council. He was the Executive Chairman of Pupkewitz Holdings, a group of builders' merchants, car sale businesses, and a host of other enterprises, from its foundation in 1946 until his death. Pupkewitz directed the boards of several important Namibian companies, among them NamPost, NamPower, Telecom Namibia, and MTC Namibia, and served as president of a number of high-profile political and economical institutions.", "Q200918": "Wayne Clayson Booth (February 22, 1921 in American Fork, Utah, \u2013 October 10, 2005 in Chicago, Illinois) was an American literary critic. He was the George M. Pullman Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus in English Language & Literature and the College at the University of Chicago. His work followed largely from the Chicago school of literary criticism.", "Q2661844": "The Islamic Azad University (IAU; Persian: \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u200e, D\u0101neshg\u0101h-e \u0100z\u0101d-e Esl\u0101mi) is a private university system in Iran. It is one of the largest comprehensive systems of universities, colleges, and community colleges in the world.", "Q554860": "Giovanni Giudici (26 June 1924 in Le Grazie \u2013 24 May 2011 in La Spezia) was an Italian poet and journalist.", "Q2060901": "Paul Le Mat (born September 22, 1945) is an American actor. He first came to prominence with his role in American Graffiti (1973); his performance was met with critical acclaim and earned him the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year - Actor.\nLe Mat's breakout performance in American Graffiti landed him the lead role in box office hit Aloha, Bobby and Rose (1975). He also is known for his work in the Jonathan Demme films Handle with Care (1977) and Melvin and Howard (1980). He won another Golden Globe award for his performance in the TV film The Burning Bed (1984) and starred in the cult film Puppet Master (1989) which spawned a franchise.", "Q264252": "Miriam Defensor Santiago (born Miriam Palma Defensor; June 15, 1945 \u2013 September 29, 2016) was a Filipino academic, lawyer, judge, author, and statesman, who served in all three branches of the Philippine government: judicial, executive, and legislative. Defensor Santiago was named one of The 100 Most Powerful Women in the World in 1997 by The Australian magazine. She was a long-serving Senator of the Republic of the Philippines.\nIn 1988, Defensor Santiago was named laureate of the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service, with a citation for bold and moral leadership in cleaning up a graft-ridden government agency. She ran in the 1992 presidential election but was controversially defeated.In 2012, Defensor Santiago became the first Filipina and the first Asian from a developing country to be elected a judge of the International Criminal Court. She later resigned the post, citing chronic fatigue syndrome, which turned out to be lung cancer. In 2016, she became part of the International Advisory Council of the International Development Law Organization (IDLO), an intergovernmental body that promotes the rule of law.Defensor Santiago served three terms in the Philippine Senate. On 13 October 2015, Defensor Santiago declared her candidacy for President of the Philippines in the 2016 election after her doctors from the United States declared her cancer \"stable\" and \"receded\", but lost the election. In December 2018, the prestigious Quezon Service Cross was posthumously conferred upon Santiago, making her the first and, so far, only woman and the sixth person since 1946 to be enthroned in the country's highest roster.Defensor Santiago was known as the Dragon Lady, the Platinum Lady, the Incorruptible Lady, the Tiger Lady, and most popularly, the Iron Lady of Asia. She is colloquially known in Philippine pop culture as simply Miriam or MDS.", "Q318825": "In the Name of the Italian People (Italian: In nome del popolo italiano) is a 1971 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Dino Risi. It represents a reflection about the crisis of the Italian judiciary and the growing phenomenon of corruption.", "Q96092": "Julia Biedermann (born 15 March 1967) is a German television actress.She has made 29 appearances mostly in television since 1981. In 1993 she appeared in the Austrian set comedy film Hochw\u00fcrden erbt das Paradies.", "Q183471": "Claude Marcelle Jorr\u00e9, better known as Claude Jade (French: [klod \u0292ad]; 8 October 1948 \u2013 1 December 2006), was a French actress. She is known for starring as Christine in Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut's three films Stolen Kisses (1968), Bed and Board (1970) and Love on the Run (1979). Jade acted in theatre, film and television. Her film work outside France included the Soviet Union, the United States, Italy and Japan.", "Q177296": "Antonios Kriezis (Greek: \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03b6\u03ae\u03c2, 1796\u20131865) was a Greek captain of the Hellenic navy during the Greek War of Independence and a Prime Minister of Greece from 1849 to 1854. Kriezis was born in Troezen in 1796 to an Arvanite family. Literally translated from Albanian, his surname means \"black head\".\nIn July 1821, he took part to the Greek expedition to Samos and in 1822 to the naval battle of Spetses. In 1825, he and Konstantinos Kanaris took part to a failed attempt to destroy the Egyptian navy inside the port of Alexandria. In 1828, John Capodistria placed him in command of a navy squadron and in 1829, he captured Vonitsa from the Ottomans. Under King Otto in 1836, he became Minister of Naval Affairs and later served as Prime Minister of Greece from December 24, 1849 until May 28, 1854. He was succeeded by Konstantinos Kanaris. He died in Athens in 1865.\nHis eldest son Dimitrios Kriezis became a naval officer and served as the aide-de-camp to King George I of Greece and as Minister for Naval Affairs, while his younger son Epameinondas Kriezis also became a naval officer and politician.", "Q3953644": "Bandar bin Khalid Al Faisal Al Saud/ is a Saudi businessman and a member of House of Saud. He is chairman of Al Watan, a reformist newspaper.", "Q2578413": "William Drew \"W.D.\" Washburn, Sr. (January 14, 1831 \u2013 July 29, 1912) was an American politician. He served in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate as a Republican from Minnesota. Three of his seven brothers became politicians: Elihu B. Washburne, Cadwallader C. Washburn, and Israel Washburn, Jr. He was also cousin of Dorilus Morrison, the first mayor of Minneapolis. He served in the 46th, 47th, 48th, 51st, 52nd, and 53rd congresses.\nWashburn was born in Livermore, Maine. A graduate of Bowdoin College, he first studied law in the office of John A. Peters in Bangor, Maine before moving to Minneapolis, Minnesota around 1857. There he practiced law, and worked for the Minneapolis Milling Company (founded by his brother Cadwallader). His business ventures in lumber and flour milling allowed him to amass a large fortune, and by the 1880s, he was among the wealthiest men in Minnesota. Washburn served as the first president from 1883 to 1889 of what was to become Soo Line Railroad. He also founded the Pillsbury-Washburn Milling Company, which later became the Pillsbury Company, and was eventually absorbed by his brother's firm, General Mills.\nWashburn built a mansion known as \"Fair Oaks\" in 1883. It was designed by E. Townsend Mix, who also designed Minneapolis's Metropolitan Building, and the outdoor landscape was laid out by Frederick Law Olmsted. The grounds included an artificial stream leading to a pond, a rustic footbridge, a greenhouse, and a carriage house. The home was demolished in 1924 to make way for a park, although the region is now part of the Washburn-Fair Oaks Mansion District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.\nWashburn served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1871. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1878 and served from March 4, 1879 to March 3, 1885. He was elected to the Senate in 1888 and served from March 4, 1889 to March 4, 1895.\nWashburn was a founder of the First Universalist Church of Minneapolis in 1859. A major benefactor, he served as a trustee and President for much of his remaining life. He died in Minneapolis in 1912. His grandson C. Langhorne Washburn was to be active in the Republican Party from the 1950s through the 1970s.\nWilliam Washburn's son, Cadwallader Lincoln Washburn, was born in 1866. Cad became deaf as a child. His talent as an artist was noticed at an early age. Cad eventually became a noted artist and news correspondent who pioneered many new painting techniques in the west. The arts center at his alma mater, Gallaudet University, is named for Cad Washburn. Another son William Drew Washburn, Jr. also served in the Minnesota House of Representatives.", "Q34433": "The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two \"ancient universities\" are frequently jointly called \"Oxbridge\". The history and influence of the University of Oxford has made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world.The university is made up of 39 constituent colleges, and a range of academic departments, which are organised into four divisions. All the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university, each controlling its own membership and with its own internal structure and activities. It does not have a main campus, and its buildings and facilities are scattered throughout the city centre. Undergraduate teaching at Oxford is organised around weekly tutorials at the colleges and halls, supported by classes, lectures, seminars, and laboratory work provided by university faculties and departments; some postgraduate teaching includes tutorials organised by faculties and departments. It operates the world's oldest university museum, as well as the largest university press in the world and the largest academic library system nationwide.In the fiscal year ending 31 July 2019, the university had a total income of \u00a32.45 billion, of which \u00a3624.8 million was from research grants and contracts. The university is ranked among the best higher learning institutions by most international and major national league tables.Oxford has educated a wide range of notable alumni, including 28 prime ministers of the United Kingdom and many heads of state and government around the world. As of November 2019, 72 Nobel Prize laureates, 3 Fields Medalists, and 6 Turing Award winners have studied, worked, or held visiting fellowships at the University of Oxford, while its alumni have won 160 Olympic medals. Oxford is the home of numerous scholarships, including the Rhodes Scholarship, one of the oldest international graduate scholarship programmes.", "Q350691": "Adam Richman (born May 16, 1974) is an American actor and television personality. He has hosted various dining and eating-challenge programs on the Travel Channel.\n\n", "Q976090": "Byron Otto Thomas (born March 20, 1969), better known by his stage name Mannie Fresh, is an American rapper, record producer and DJ best known for his decade run at Cash Money Records and for his work alongside Bryan Williams in the hip-hop duo Big Tymers. He produced all or most of the songs on 17 multi-platinum, platinum or gold albums for Cash Money from 1998 to 2004 before leaving the label. Mannie Fresh is currently signed to both Def Jam South and his own division company, Chubby Boy Records.", "Q109990": "Hannelore Bey (n\u00e9e Mueller; born 6 November 1941, in Leipzig) was a prima ballerina at the Komische Oper Berlin.", "Q64210": "Spreitenbach is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, located in the Limmat Valley (German: Limmattal).\nIt lies southeast of the district center, directly on the border with the canton of Zurich.\nIt is one of the smallest cities in Switzerland. In Switzerland, a city needs 10,000 or more to be considered as a city.", "Q151523": "Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs (also Georg Bernard Baron Luk\u00e1cs von Szegedin; 13 April 1885 \u2013 4 June 1971) born Gy\u00f6rgy Bern\u00e1t L\u00f6winger, was a Hungarian Marxist philosopher, aesthetician, literary historian, and critic. He was one of the founders of Western Marxism, an interpretive tradition that departed from the Marxist ideological orthodoxy of the Soviet Union. He developed the theory of reification, and contributed to Marxist theory with developments of Karl Marx's theory of class consciousness. He was also a philosopher of Leninism. He ideologically developed and organised Lenin's pragmatic revolutionary practices into the formal philosophy of vanguard-party revolution.\nAs a literary critic Luk\u00e1cs was especially influential, because of his theoretical developments of realism and of the novel as a literary genre. In 1919, he was appointed the Hungarian Minister of Culture of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic (March\u2013August 1919).Luk\u00e1cs has been described as the preeminent Marxist intellectual of the Stalinist era, though assessing his legacy can be difficult as Luk\u00e1cs seemed both to support Stalinism as the embodiment of Marxist thought, and yet also to champion a return to pre-Stalinist Marxism.", "Q1473770": "Fullsteam Records is an independent group of music companies whose activities include a record label, promotion and booking agency, festivals, a distribution company, rehearsal rooms, merchandising, publishing and management.\nAwarded as the \"independent label of the year\" in Finland nearly ten times, Fullsteam Records is one of the most important sources of new music from Finland. Fullsteam Records has put out almost 200 releases from tens of Finnish artists and bands.\nFullsteam Agency is the main independent concert promoter and booking agency in Finland. International highlights include Prince, The National, The Prodigy, Fleet Foxes, The Flaming Lips, Social Distortion, RUSH, Wilco, Lily Allen and hundreds of others. The domestic roster features some 100 artists. \nSupersounds Music is a music and merchandise distribution company founded in 2003. In Finland Supersounds Music distributes international labels as Play It Again Sam (PIAS), Rough Trade, Earache, AFM, Warp, Ministry Of Sound, Sub Pop etc. The company also distributes Finnish music internationally.\nFullsteam Publishing works in cooperation with Air Chrysalis Music Publishing.\nFullsteam also runs Scandinavia's largest rehearsal room studio called Indie Center with over 50 rooms, and has its own merchandising and management businesses.", "Q232000": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid is a 1969 American Western film directed by George Roy Hill and written by William Goldman. Based loosely on fact, the film tells the story of Wild West outlaws Robert LeRoy Parker, known as Butch Cassidy (Paul Newman), and his partner Harry Longabaugh, the \"Sundance Kid\" (Robert Redford), who are on the run from a crack US posse after a string of train robberies. The pair and Sundance's lover, Etta Place (Katharine Ross), flee to Bolivia in search of a more successful criminal career.\nIn 2003, the film was selected for the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" The American Film Institute ranked Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid as the 73rd-greatest American film on its \"AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)\" list. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid were ranked 20th greatest heroes on \"AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains\". Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid was selected by the American Film Institute as the 7th greatest Western of all time in the AFI's 10 Top 10 list in 2008.", "Q982677": "Sir Roland Algernon Penrose (14 October 1900 \u2013 23 April 1984) was an English artist, historian and poet. He was a major promoter and collector of modern art and an associate of the surrealists in the United Kingdom. During the Second World War he put his artistic skills to practical use as a teacher of camouflage.\nPenrose married the poet Valentine Bou\u00e9 and then the photographer Lee Miller.", "Q329434": "A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 1984 American slasher film written and directed by Wes Craven, and produced by Robert Shaye. It is the first installment in the A Nightmare on Elm Street film series and stars Heather Langenkamp, John Saxon, Ronee Blakley, Robert Englund as Freddy Krueger, and Johnny Depp in his film debut. The plot concerns four teenagers living on one street in the fictitious town of Springwood, Ohio, who are invaded and killed in their dreams, and thus killed in reality, by a burnt killer with a bladed leather glove.\nCraven filmed A Nightmare on Elm Street on an estimated budget of $1.8 million. The film was released on November 9, 1984, and grossed $57 million worldwide. A Nightmare on Elm Street was met with rave critical reviews and is considered to be one of the greatest horror films ever made, spawning a franchise consisting of six sequels, a television series, a crossover with Friday the 13th, and various other merchandise. A remake of the same name was released in 2010.The film is credited with using many of the tropes found in the low-budget horror films of the 1970s and 1980s that originated with John Carpenter's Halloween (1978) and led this subgenre to be called the slasher film. The film includes a morality play where sexually promiscuous teenagers are killed. Critics and film historians state that the film's premise is the struggle to define the distinction between dreams and reality, manifested by the lives and dreams of the teens in the film. Critics today praise the film's ability to transgress \"the boundaries between the imaginary and real\", toying with audience perceptions. The film was followed by A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge.", "Q109748": "Max Woldemar Gustav Eduard Bock (4 April 1885 \u2013 29 April 1948) was a Baltic German politician and lawyer prominent in Estonia.\nBock was born in Reval (later named Tallinn) on 4 April 1885 to Julius Bock, a medical doctor, and his wife Alice, n\u00e9e Kampf. He attended the Nikolai Gymnasium in Reval, studying medicine between 1905 and 1908, then law until 1910, working as a private tutor in the meantime. He then studied law at the Demidov Lyceum in Yaroslavl until 1912, and then practised law in Reval until 1939 and was a district judge in W\u0142oc\u0142awek between 1940 and 1945.Bock was elected to the Estonian Provincial Assembly, which governed the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia between 1917 and 1919. He was then elected to the Asutav Kogu (Constituent Assembly) of the newly formed Republic of Estonia in 1919, serving till the session ended in 1920. He was elected to the first legislature of the Riigikogu and served throughout the session (1920\u201323) as a German-Baltic Party member; he joined the second legislature on 27 September 1923, when he replaced Martin Luther, but stepped down only two days later (he was succeeded by Gerhard Kress).Bock died on 29 April 1948 at Reichholzried in Germany.", "Q272424": "Marta Kubi\u0161ov\u00e1 (born 1 November 1942 in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice) is a Czech singer. By the time of the Prague Spring of 1968, with her song \"Modlitba pro Martu\" (\"A prayer for Marta\"), she was one of the most popular female singers in Czechoslovakia.In 1967 she won Zlat\u00fd slav\u00edk award (English: Golden Nightingale). Her song \"Prayer for Marta\" became a symbol of national resistance against the occupation of Warsaw Pact troops in 1968. During the Prague Spring, she recorded over 200 SP records and one LP, Songy a Balady (Songs and Ballads, released in 1969), which was immediately banned from stores. In 1970, the government falsely accused her of making pornographic photographs leading to a ban from performing in the country until 1989. She was a signatory of the Charter 77 proclamation. Her first LPs after the Velvet Revolution in 1989 were a re-issue of Songy a Balady and a compilation of old songs, titled Lampa.\n\n", "Q1859510": "Mike Mazurki (25 December 1907 \u2013 9 December 1990) was an American actor and professional wrestler who appeared in more than 100 films. His towering 6 ft 5 in (196 cm) presence and intimidating face usually got him roles playing tough guys, thugs, strong men, and gangsters.", "Q62661": "Herwarth Walden (actual name Georg Lewin, 16 September 1879 in Berlin \u2013 31 October 1941 in Saratov, Russia) was a German Expressionist artist and art expert in many disciplines. He is broadly acknowledged as one of the most important discoverers and promoters of German avant-garde art in the early twentieth century (Expressionism, Futurism, Dadaism, Magic Realism).", "Q9695": "Henry Purcell () (c.\u200910 September 1659 \u2013 21 November 1695) was an English composer. Although it incorporated Italian and French stylistic elements, Purcell's was a uniquely English form of Baroque music. He is generally considered to be one of the greatest English composers; no later native-born English composer approached his fame until Edward Elgar, Ralph Vaughan Williams, William Walton and Benjamin Britten in the 20th century.", "Q86295": "Jaro F\u00fcrth (21 April 1871 \u2013 12 November 1945) was an Austrian stage and film actor.", "Q193676": "Christopher Brian Bridges (born September 11, 1977), known professionally as Ludacris (), is an American rapper and actor. Ludacris is the founder of the Disturbing tha Peace record label. Ludacris has won Screen Actors Guild, Critic's Choice, MTV, and 3 Grammy Awards. Along with fellow Atlanta-based rappers Big Boi and Andr\u00e9 3000 of OutKast, Ludacris was one of the first and most influential \"Dirty South\" rappers to achieve mainstream success during the early 2000s. In 2014, Ludacris was featured in Forbes list titled \"Hip-Hop Cash Kings\", as he earned $8 million.Born in Champaign, Illinois, Ludacris moved to Atlanta at age nine, where he began rapping. After a brief stint as a DJ, he released his first album Incognegro in 1999, followed by Back for the First Time also in 2000, which contained the singles \"Southern Hospitality\" and \"What's Your Fantasy\". In 2001, he released Word of Mouf, followed by Chicken-n-Beer in 2003 and The Red Light District in 2004. He took a more serious approach with his next two albums, Release Therapy (2006), and Theater of the Mind (2008). His next record, Battle of the Sexes, was released in 2010 and featured the tone of his previous albums. Ludaversal was released on March 31, 2015. As an actor, he has appeared in films including Crash (2004), Gamer (2009), and New Year's Eve (2011) and is best known for playing Tej Parker in The Fast and the Furious film series.", "Q4898592": "Betti Alisjahbana (born Betti Setiastuti; August 2, 1960) is an Indonesian business executive.\n\n", "Q57802": "Johann Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim (Russian: \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0435\u0440 \u0444\u043e\u043d \u0412\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0433\u0435\u0439\u043c, romanized: Grig\u00f3rij Iv\u00e1novi\u010d F\u00ed\u0161er fon V\u00e1l'dgejm; 13 October 1771 \u2013 18 October 1853) was a German and Russian anatomist, entomologist and paleontologist.\nFischer was born as Gotthilf Fischer in Waldheim, Saxony, the son of a linen weaver. He studied medicine at Leipzig. He travelled to Vienna and Paris with his friend Alexander von Humboldt and studied under Georges Cuvier. He took up a professorship at Mainz, and then in 1804 became Demidov Professor of Natural History and Director of the Natural History Museum at the Moscow University. In August 1805 he founded the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Imp\u00e9riale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Fischer was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1812.Fischer was mainly engaged in the classification of invertebrates, the result of which was his Entomographia Imperii Rossici (1820\u20131851). He also spent time studying fossils from the area around Moscow.\nDue to his work studying the insects of Russia, the Russian government granted him nobility as well as the \"von Waldheim\" ending to his name.", "Q69734": "Bassersdorf is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Z\u00fcrich, located in the district of B\u00fclach, and belongs to the Glatt Valley (German: Glattal).", "Q1321279": "This is a complete list of the 164 shorts in the Tom and Jerry series produced, directed, and released between 1940 and 2014. Of these, 162 are theatrical shorts, one is a made-for-TV short, and one is a 2-minute sketch shown as part of a telethon.", "Q901": "A scientist is someone who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge in an area of interest.In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophical study of nature called natural philosophy, a precursor of natural science. It was not until the 19th century that the term scientist came into regular use after it was coined by the theologian, philosopher, and historian of science William Whewell in 1833.In modern times, many scientists have advanced degrees in an area of science and pursue careers in various sectors of the economy such as academia, industry, government, and nonprofit environments.", "Q1025919": "Machine Shop Records is a record label founded by American rock band Linkin Park members, Brad Delson and Mike Shinoda, in 2001. The label is notable for releasing music in rock, hip hop, underground hip hop, alternative rock and nu metal music amongst other genres. The label is driven in joint by Shinoda and Delson under the mantra: \"We are a think tank and a creative studio.\"\nThe label is responsible for bringing up artists, such as Holly Brook (now known as Skylar Grey), Styles of Beyond, No Warning and Shinoda's side project Fort Minor. The label has marked up 80 releases as of 2014.", "Q19544878": "Jorat-M\u00e9zi\u00e8res is a municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2016 the former municipalities of M\u00e9zi\u00e8res (VD), Ferlens (VD) and Carrouge (VD) merged to form the new municipality of Jorat-M\u00e9zi\u00e8res.", "Q269762": "Katarzyna Anna \"Kasia\" Smutniak (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8ka\u0255a \u02c8smut\u0272ak]; born 13 August 1979) is a Polish actress and model. She starred in the movie From Paris with Love. She speaks fluent Polish, Russian, English and Italian.", "Q964494": "Herman Leonard (March 6, 1923, in Allentown, Pennsylvania \u2013 August 14, 2010, in Los Angeles, California) was an American photographer known for his unique images of jazz icons.", "Q78639": "Max Reinhardt (September 9, 1873 \u2013 October 30, 1943) was an Austrian-born theatre and film director, intendant, and theatrical producer. With his innovative stage productions, he is regarded as one of the most prominent directors of German-language theatre in the early 20th century. In 1920, he established the Salzburg Festival with the performance of Hofmannsthal's Jedermann.", "Q236266": "Bat Ye'or (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05ea \u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8) is the pen name of Gis\u00e8le Littman, an Egyptian-born British author, focusing on the history of religious minorities in the Muslim world and modern European politics. Ye'or has popularized the concept of dhimmitude in her books about the history of Middle Eastern Christians and Jews living under Islamic governments. Ye'or describes dhimmitude as the \"specific social condition that resulted from jihad,\" and as the \"state of fear and insecurity\" of \"infidels\" who are required to \"accept a condition of humiliation.\" She has also popularized the Islamophobic conspiracy theory Eurabia in her writings about modern Europe, in which she argues that Islam, anti-Americanism and antisemitism hold sway over European culture and politics as a result of collaboration between radical Arabs and Muslims on one hand, and fascists, socialists, Nazis, and antisemitic rulers of Europe on the other.Ye'or's work on the history of religious minorities under Islamic rule and her use of the term dhimmitude have had a predominantly critical reception among academic specialists in the field. Her work on this subject has been praised by some authors writing for a popular audience. Ye'or's other books have also been a subject of controversy.", "Q85944": "Christoph Fl\u00fcgge (born 14 July 1947) is a German jurist and judge. From June 2001 to February 2007, he was Secretary of State in the Department of Justice of the State of Berlin. On 18 September 2008, he was appointed permanent judge at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). As a result of controversial comments made in 2009, some genocide scholars and victims' groups have accused him of genocide denial in relation to the Bosnian Genocide and more specifically the Srebrenica genocide. He served as a judge in the war crimes trial against Radovan Karad\u017ei\u0107, but was removed from the case. In 2011, he was appointed presiding judge in the trial of Ratko Mladi\u0107, but there have been calls for his resignation from several Bosnian victims' groups.\n\n", "Q70265": "Albert Knapp (July 25, 1798, T\u00fcbingen - June 18, 1864, Stuttgart) was a German poet and animal welfare activist.\n\n", "Q84482": "Friedrich Freiherr von Wieser (German: [\u02c8vi\u02d0z\u0250]; 10 July 1851 \u2013 22 July 1926) was an early (so-called \"first generation\") economist of the Austrian School of economics. Born in Vienna, the son of Privy Councillor Leopold von Wieser, a high official in the war ministry, he first trained in sociology and law. In 1872, the year he took his degree, he encountered Austrian-school founder Carl Menger's Grunds\u00e4tze and switched his interest to economic theory. Wieser held posts at the universities of Vienna and Prague until succeeding Menger in Vienna in 1903, where along with his brother-in-law Eugen von B\u00f6hm-Bawerk he shaped the next generation of Austrian economists including Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich Hayek and Joseph Schumpeter in the late 1890s and early 20th century. He was the Austrian Minister of Commerce from August 30, 1917 to November 11, 1918.\nWieser is renowned for two main works, Natural Value, which carefully details the alternative-cost doctrine and the theory of imputation; and his Social Economics (1914), an ambitious attempt to apply it to the real world. His explanation of marginal utility theory was decisive, at least terminologically. It was his term Grenznutzen (building on von Th\u00fcnen's Grenzkosten) that developed into the standard term \"marginal utility\", not William Stanley Jevons's \"final degree of utility\" or Menger's \"value\". His use of the modifier \"natural\" indicates that he regarded value as a \"natural category\" that would pertain to any society, no matter what institutions of property had been established.The economic calculation debate started with his notion of the paramount importance of accurate calculation to economic efficiency. Above all, to him prices represented information about market conditions and are thus necessary for any sort of economic activity. Therefore, a socialist economy would require a price system in order to operate. He also stressed the importance of the entrepreneur to economic change, which he saw as being brought about by \"the heroic intervention of individual men who appear as leaders toward new economic shores\". This idea of leadership was later taken up by Joseph Schumpeter in his treatment of economic innovation.\nUnlike most other Austrian School economists, Wieser rejected classical liberalism, writing that \"freedom has to be superseded by a system of order\". This vision and his general solution to the role of the individual in history is best expressed in his final book The Law of Power, a sociological examination of political order published in his last year of life.", "Q561617": "Uladzimir Prakopavich Nyaklyayew (Belarusian: \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0456\u0301\u043c\u0456\u0440 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u041d\u044f\u043a\u043b\u044f\u0301\u0435\u045e, \u0141acinka: U\u0142adzimir Prakopavi\u010d Niaklaje\u016d; Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0444\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0432, tr. Vladimir Prokofyevich Neklyayev) born on 11 July 1946 in Smarhon\u2019) is a Belarusian poet and writer, and a head of the public campaign Tell the Truth! (\"\u0413\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u045e\u0434\u0443!\"). He was a candidate for 19 December 2010 elections in Belarus, and, according to Amnesty International, was placed under house arrest for his role in post-election protests.\n\n", "Q726296": "Samuel Lawrence Taylor (26 June 1942 \u2013 19 August 2019) was an American bass guitarist, best known for his work as a member of Canned Heat from 1967. Before joining Canned Heat he had been a session bassist for The Monkees and Jerry Lee Lewis. He was the younger brother of Mel Taylor, long-time drummer of The Ventures.", "Q70503": "Lignerolle is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q465465": "Bahriye \u00dc\u00e7ok (1919 \u2013 October 6, 1990) was a Turkish academic of theology, left-wing politician, writer, columnist, and women's rights activist whose assassination in 1990 remains unresolved.", "Q260746": "Shawna Lene\u00e9 (born April 12, 1987) is an American pornographic actress, dancer, and model.", "Q191707": "Leo II (Latin: Flavius Leo Augustus; Greek: \u039b\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u0392', Le\u014dn II; c. 467 \u2013 10 November 474) was briefly the Byzantine (East Roman) emperor in 474 AD when he was a child aged 7. He was the son of Zeno, the Isaurian general and future emperor, and Ariadne, the daughter of Emperor Leo I. Leo II was made co-emperor with his grandfather Leo I on 18 November 473, and became sole emperor on 18 January 474 after Leo I died of dysentery. His father Zeno was made co-emperor by the Byzantine Senate on 9 February and they co-ruled for a short time before Leo II died on 10 November 474.", "Q1158716": "Sir Damon Marcus Buffini (born 1962) is a British businessman and governor of the Wellcome Trust. He was formerly head of the private equity company Permira.", "Q3753261": "Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont (1553 \u2013 March 23 1613 AD) was a spanish soldier, painter, astronomer, musician and inventor.\nHe was born in Guendulain (Navarre). \nHe is best remembered for the invention of a steam-powered water pump for draining mines, for which he was granted a patent by the Spanish monarchy in 1606. \nHe also improved scientific equipment, developed windmills and new types of furnaces for metallurgy and industrial, military and household use. He invented a bell-like diving suit and even designed a submarine. He died from a serious illness in Madrid, in 1613.", "Q943995": "An impresario (from the Italian impresa, \"an enterprise or undertaking\") is a person who organizes and often finances concerts, plays, or operas, performing a role in stage arts that is similar to that of a film or television producer.\nThe term originated in the social and economic world of Italian opera, in which from the mid-18th century to the 1830s, the impresario was the key figure in the organization of a lyric season. The owners of the theatre, usually amateurs from the nobility, charged the impresario with hiring a composer (until the 1850s operas were expected to be new) and the orchestra, singers, costumes and sets, all while assuming considerable financial risk. In 1786 Mozart satirized the stress and emotional mayhem in a single-act farce Der Schauspieldirektor (The Impresario). Antonio Vivaldi was unusual in acting as both impresario and composer; in 1714 he managed seasons at Teatro San Angelo in Venice, where his opera Orlando finto pazzo was followed by numerous others.\nAlessandro Lanari (1787\u20131852), who began as the owner of a shop that produced costumes, eliminated the middleman in a series of successful seasons he produced for the Teatro La Pergola, in Florence, which presented the premieres of the first version of Verdi's Macbeth, two of Bellini's operas and five of Donizetti's, including Lucia di Lammermoor. Domenico Barbaia (1778\u20131841) began as a caf\u00e9 waiter and made a fortune at La Scala, in Milan, where he was also in charge of the gambling operation and introduced roulette.\nDuchess Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg was a harpsichordist who also presided over seventeenth-century North German court music as an impresario.", "Q374041": "Adrian John Rawlins (born 27 March 1958) is an English actor best known for playing Arthur Kidd in The Woman in Black and James Potter in the Harry Potter films. In 2019, he starred in Chernobyl as Nikolai Fomin.", "Q105614": "Josef Philip Winkler (born April 5, 1974) is a German politician and member of the German Green Party \"B\u00fcndnis 90/Die Gr\u00fcnen\". He has been a member of the Deutscher Bundestag, the German Parliament, from 2002 to 2013. He was deputy head of the Greens in the German parliament from 2009 to 2013.", "Q93840": "Mental As Anything are an Australian new wave/pop rock band that formed in Sydney in 1976. Its most popular line-up (which lasted from 1977 to 1999) was Martin Plaza (birth name Martin Murphy) on vocals and guitar; Reg Mombassa (birth name Christopher O'Doherty) on lead guitar and vocals; his brother Peter \"Yoga Dog\" O'Doherty on bass guitar and vocals; Wayne de Lisle (birth name David Twohill) on drums; and Andrew \"Greedy\" Smith on vocals, keyboards and harmonica. Their original hit songs were generated by Mombassa, O'Doherty, Plaza and Smith, either individually or collectively; they also hit the Australian charts with covers of songs by Roy Orbison, Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry.\nTheir top ten Australian singles are \"If You Leave Me, Can I Come Too?\" and \"Too Many Times\" (both from 1981), \"Live It Up\" (1985) and \"Rock and Roll Music\" (1988). Internationally, \"Too Many Times\" made the Canadian top 40 in 1982, and \"Live It Up\" peaked at No. 3 in the UK, No. 4 in Norway, and No. 6 in Germany, after it featured in the 1986 Australian film \"Crocodile\" Dundee.All of the early members are visual artists and have had combined studio displays, some have had solo studio displays with Mombassa's artwork also used as designs by the Mambo clothing company. The majority of the group's record covers, posters and video clips have been designed and created by the band members or their art school contemporaries. On 27 August 2009, Mental As Anything was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame alongside Kev Carmody, The Dingoes, Little Pattie and John Paul Young. Andrew \"Greedy\" Smith died on 2 December 2019, aged 63, after a heart attack.", "Q76172": "Max Riemelt (born 7 January 1984) is a German actor, known internationally for playing Wolfgang Bogdanow in the Netflix series Sense8. In Germany, he is known for many years of television and cinema both acting and directing.", "Q187165": "David Scott Mustaine (born September 13, 1961) is an American guitarist, singer, songwriter, actor and author. He is best known as the co-founder, lead vocalist, guitarist and primary songwriter of the American heavy metal band Megadeth, as well as the original lead guitarist of the heavy metal band Metallica.", "Q435252": "Mary Kim Titla (born November 24, 1960) is an American publisher, Native American youth advocate, journalist, former TV reporter (notably for KVOA in Tucson, where in 1987 she became the first Native American television journalist in Arizona, and later KPNX in Phoenix), and was a 2008 candidate for Arizona's First Congressional District. She is an enrolled member of the San Carlos Apache Tribe.The Democratic primary for the 1st District seat was held on September 2, 2008. Titla lost to former Arizona state representative and prosecutor Ann Kirkpatrick, who received 47%. Titla placed second, garnering 33% of the vote. Others in the primary included: Ahwatukee attorney Howard Shanker, who received 14% and former Dennis Kucinich coordinator Jeffrey Brown, who received 6%.Titla obtained her undergraduate degree from the University of Oklahoma and her master's degree from the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University. In November 2006, Titla was inducted into the Cronkite School's Alumni Hall of Fame. Titla now serves as Executive Director of United National Indian Tribal Youth (UNITY) located in Mesa, Arizona.", "Q954231": "Randy Edelman (born June 10, 1947) is an American musician, producer, and composer for film and television. He began his career as a member of Broadway's pit orchestras, and later went on to produce solo albums for songs that were picked up by leading music performers including The Carpenters, Barry Manilow, and Dionne Warwick. He is known for his work in comedy films. He has been awarded many prestigious awards, including two nominations for a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, and twelve BMI Awards. Edelman was given an honorary doctorate in fine arts by the University of Cincinnati in 2004.\nSome of Edelman's best known films scores include Twins, Kindergarten Cop, Beethoven, Gettysburg, The Mask, Dragonheart, Daylight and XXX. He also wrote the theme of the popular television series MacGyver. Many of his musical pieces have been reused in television advertising, trailers, Disney movies, and award shows.", "Q511496": "Emanuela Da Ros is a journalist and Italian writer of children's books.She graduated in art history with a thesis on ancient Byzantine art at the University of Padua in 1985. Then she became an Italian teacher in a high-school in Vittorio Veneto. She started her writing activity in 2000, and she won the first prize at the International Children's Literature Award of Bologna, as the best unpublished Italian writer.", "Q65668": "Christof Leng (born 14 September 1975 in Friedberg, Hesse) is a German computer scientist and politician. As a founding member of the Pirate Party Germany, he became its first leader on 10 September 2006 and held the post until May 2007.Leng received his PhD in computer science from the Department of Computer Science of the Darmstadt University of Technology. After that he was a visiting scholar at the International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley, California.\nHe was elected vice president of the German Informatics Society in 2012 and also serves as the speaker of the scientific staff advisory board.In 2014 he became a site reliability engineer (SRE) at Google. Since 2017 he leads an SRE team at Google's Munich office.", "Q242281": "Mar\u00eda Valverde Rodr\u00edguez (born 24 March 1987) is a Spanish actress.", "Q169902": "Prince Aimone, 4th Duke of Aosta (Aimone Roberto Margherita Maria Giuseppe Torino; 9 March 1900 \u2013 29 January 1948) was a prince of Italy's reigning House of Savoy and an officer of the Royal Italian Navy. The second son of Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta he was granted the title Duke of Spoleto on 22 September 1904. He inherited the title Duke of Aosta on 3 March 1942 following the death of his brother Prince Amedeo, in a British prisoner of war camp in Nairobi.\nFrom 18 May 1941 to 31 July 1943 he was designated king of the Independent State of Croatia (Croatian: Nezavisna Dr\u017eava Hrvatska, NDH) though he never ruled there. He formally accepted the position and took the name Tomislav II (Croatian pronunciation: [t\u01d2misla\u028b dr\u00fb\u0261i\u02d0]), after the first Croatian king. Later however he refused to assume the kingship in protest at the Italian annexation of the Dalmatia region, and is therefore referred to in some sources as king designate. Regardless, many sources refer to him as Tomislav II King of Croatia and the nominal head of the NDH during its first two years (1941\u20131943). \nAfter the dismissal of Mussolini on 25 July 1943, the prince abdicated on 31 July as king on the orders of Victor Emmanuel III.", "Q1882472": "Wesley Erwin \"Mac\" Curtis, Jr. (January 16, 1939 \u2013 September 16, 2013) was an American rockabilly musician.", "Q5369090": "Friedrich Heinrich Emanuel Kayser (March 26, 1845 \u2013 November 29, 1927) was a German geologist and palaeontologist, born in K\u00f6nigsberg.\nHe was educated at the universities of Halle, Heidelberg and Berlin, where in 1871 he qualified as a lecturer in geology. From 1873 he worked as a state geologist for the Preu\u00dfischen Geologischen Landesanstalt (Prussian Geological Survey), and in 1881 became a professor at the Berlin Mining Academy. In 1885 he succeeded Wilhelm Dunker as professor of geology and paleontology at the University of Marburg.He is known for his work involving the stratigraphy, tectonics and paleontology of Paleozoic formations in Germany; especially the Harz and the Rhenish Massif. With Wilhelm Dames, he was co-editor of the journal Pal\u00e4ontologischen Abhandlungen.Among his separate works are Lehrbuch der Geologie (2 vols.): ii. Geologische Formationskunde (1891; 2nd ed., 1902), and i. Allgemeine Geologie (1893); vol. ii. (the volume first issued) was translated and edited by Philip Lake, under the title Textbook of Comparative Geology (1893). Another work is Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntniss der Fauna der Siegenschen Grauwacke (1892).", "Q288588": "Yvonne Catterfeld (born 2 December 1979) is a German singer, songwriter, actress, and television personality. Born and raised in Erfurt, Thuringia, she later moved to Leipzig to pursue her career in music. In 2000, she participated in the debut season of the singing competition series Stimme 2000, where she came in second place. Catterfeld subsequently signed a recording deal with Hansa Records, which released her debut single \"Bum\" in 2001. The same year, she was propelled to stardom when she was cast in a main role in the German soap opera Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten. In 2003, Catterfeld made her musical breakthrough when her fifth single, \"F\u00fcr dich\", became an international number-one hit and produced the equally successful album Meine Welt.\nCatterfeld continued booking success with follow-up albums Farben meiner Welt (2004) and Unterwegs (2005), which spawned the hit singles \"Du hast mein Herz gebrochen\" and \"Glaub an mich\". Following her departure from GZSZ and a starring role in the short-living telenovela Sophie \u2013 Braut wider Willen, she released her fourth album Aura, which was less successful commercially and led to a decline in her musical career. She transitioned to Sony Music, and after an unsuccessful period, returned to the top of music charts with the reissue of her sixth album Lieber so (2013), when she appeared in the second season of Sing meinen Song - Das Tauschkonzert, the German version of the series The Best Singers.\nThroughout a career spanning 15 years, Catterfeld has sold over 800,000 records as a solo artist, making her one of the best-selling German music artists in the early 2000s. Aside from her commercial accomplishments, her work has earned her numerous awards and accolades, including a Bambi Award, a Goldene Stimmgabel, and an ECHO Award. An established actress, she has appeared in several international television and theatrical films, including Keinohrhasen (2007), The Promise (2011), and Beauty and the Beast (2014). In 2016, she became a coach on the German television series The Voice of Germany.", "Q1463205": "Friedrich \"Fritz\" Wilhelm Schnitzler (16 December 1928 \u2013 15 July 2011) was a German landowner and business manager, and also a local politician in the CDU, the founder of the agricultural association of the District of Reutlingen and co-founder of the landholders' association of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, and lobbyist in the state parliament.", "Q264520": "Koos Kombuis (born Andr\u00e9 le Roux du Toit, 5 November 1954) is a South African musician, singer, songwriter and writer who became famous as part of a group of anti-establishment maverick Afrikaans musicians, who, under the collective name of Vo\u00eblvry (directly translated meaning \"Free as a bird\"; in Afrikaans \"vo\u00eblvry\" is synonymous to the words \"fugitive\" and \"outlaw\"), toured campuses across South Africa in the 1980s, to \"liberate Afrikaans from the shackles of its past\". Fellow musicians of this movement were Johannes Kerkorrel and Bernoldus Niemand (James Phillips).\nThey were a younger generation Afrikaner who didn't believe in apartheid and didn't toe the ruling National Party line. This movement coined the term \"Alternative Afrikaner\" for themselves. Kombuis is something of an icon among certain South Africans who consider him the guru of Afrikaans rock music and father of non-conformist Afrikaans culture.", "Q2904347": "Gedalia Gal (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05d3\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d2\u05dc\u200e, born 14 February 1933) is an Israeli farmer and former politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment and Labor Party from 1988 until 1996.", "Q171195": "N\u0101g\u0101rjuna (c. 150 \u2013 c. 250 CE), (Tibetan: mGon-po kLu-grub) is widely considered one of the most important Buddhist philosophers. Along with his disciple \u0100ryadeva, he is considered the founder of the Madhyamaka school of Mah\u0101y\u0101na Buddhism. N\u0101g\u0101rjuna is also credited with developing the philosophy of the Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 s\u016btras and, by some sources, with having revealed these scriptures to the world after recovering them from the n\u0101gas. He is traditionally thought to have written many treatises on rasayana, as well as serving a term as the head of N\u0101land\u0101.", "Q336272": "George Edward Clinton (born July 22, 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, bandleader, and record producer. His Parliament-Funkadelic collective (which primarily recorded under the distinct band names Parliament and Funkadelic) developed an influential and eclectic form of funk music during the 1970s that drew on science fiction, outlandish fashion, psychedelic culture, and surreal humor. He launched a solo career with the 1982 album Computer Games and would go on to influence 1990s hip-hop and G-funk.Clinton is regarded, along with James Brown and Sly Stone, as one of the foremost innovators of funk music. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997, alongside 15 other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. In 2019, he and Parliament-Funkadelic were given Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awards.", "Q956426": "Dick James (born Leon Isaac Vapnick; 12 December 1920 \u2013 1 February 1986) was a British music publisher and singer, and, together with his son Stephen, founded the DJM record label and recording studios, as well as (with Brian Epstein) the Beatles' publisher Northern Songs.", "Q1740855": "Kid Ramos (born January 13, 1959) is an American electric blues and blues rock guitarist, singer and songwriter. Ramos has released four solo albums since 1995 on Black Top and Evidence Records. He has worked with James Harman, Roomful of Blues, the Big Rhythm Combo, The Fabulous Thunderbirds, The Mannish Boys, Bobby Jones and Los Fabulocos.", "Q43446": "The Witenwasserenstock (3,082 m) is a peak between the Swiss cantons of Valais and Uri, located in the Lepontine Alps. Close to the summit lies the tripoint border between the cantons of Valais, Uri and Ticino and the triple watershed of the Rhine, Po and Rh\u00f4ne basins.", "Q63796": "Dirk Hillbrecht (born Hannover, 10 June 1972) is a software developer and a former leader of the Pirate Party Germany.He is also a campaigner against software patents, and regional contact for patentfrei.de in Niedersachsen.", "Q72843": "Johann Gottfried Tulla (born 20 March 1770 in Karlsruhe; died 27 March 1828 in Paris) was a German engineer who accomplished the straightening of the Rhine, improving navigation and alleviating the effects of flooding. His measures gave the Upper Rhine a completely new appearance. The river was deepened and channelled between embankments which narrowed the channels to a width of 200 to 250 m (660 to 820 ft); new sections were dug to straighten out its meandering course, and numerous small islands were removed. The effect was to reduce the river's length between Basel and Worms from 355 to 275 km (221 to 171 mi). However, the straightening of the Upper Rhine had increased the streaming speed and thus permanently raised the flood risk in the regions of the Middle and the Lower Rhine, partial floodplain restoration is still performed in a joint program of Germany and France.", "Q98242": "Johannes K(h)uen (1606 \u2013 14 November 1675), priest, poet, and composer, was one of the leading literary figures of the early Baroque in Bavaria.\nKhuen, who was born in Moosach and studied with the Munich Jesuits in the early 1620s, spent his entire career in the Bavarian capital as a chaplain to the Wartenberg family and beneficiary at the church of St. Peter. Between 1635 and his death he published at least fifteen books of vernacular sacred songs, some in multiple editions, with simple melodies and thoroughbass accompaniment that mark a distinctive stage in the adoption of sacred monody north of the Alps. All were published in Munich, and the relatively narrow distribution of extant exemplars suggests that they were primarily intended for a local or regional audience.\nSome of the larger compendia include the Epithalamium Marianum (1644), the Tabernacula pastorum (1650), the Munera pastorum (1651), and the Gaudia pastorum (1655). Khuen's poetry is closely related to that of the Munich \"tract school\" with which he was associated, and which included among its more prominent members the Munich court secretary Aegidius Albertinus and the Jesuits Jakob Bidermann, Jeremias Drexel, and especially Jakob Balde. Khuen's songbooks reflect the aims of the Bavarian Counter-Reformation in their insistence on Marian, sanctoral, and Christological imagery; their vernacular poetry and folklike strophic melodies were designed for broad appeal.", "Q8762": "Radebeul is a town (gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt) in the Elbe valley in the district of Mei\u00dfen in Saxony, Germany, a suburb of Dresden. It is well known for its viticulture, a museum dedicated to writer Karl May, and a narrow gauge railway connecting Radebeul with the castle of Moritzburg and the town of Radeburg. The Mei\u00dfen area, where Radebeul is located, is one of the northeasternmost areas where wine is grown in the 21st century.\nIt is sometimes called the \"Nice of Saxony\" for its pleasant landscape and mild climate.", "Q983958": "Shabtai Kalmanovich (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e7\u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05e5', Lithuanian: \u0160abtajus Kalmanovi\u010dius, Russian: \u0428\u0430\u0431\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u043b\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447; 18 December 1947 \u2013 November 2, 2009), alternatively spelled Shabtai Kalmanovic, was a KGB spy, who later became known in Russia as a successful businessman, concert promoter and basketball sponsor.", "Q532918": "Freddie McGregor (born 27 June 1956, Clarendon, Jamaica) has been variously a singer, musician and producer. His music career began when he was seven years old.", "Q34816": "Kathryn Ann Bigelow (; born November 27, 1951) is an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. Covering a wide range of genres, her films include Near Dark (1987), Point Break (1991), Strange Days (1995), K-19: The Widowmaker (2002), The Hurt Locker (2008), Zero Dark Thirty (2012), and Detroit (2017).\nWith The Hurt Locker, Bigelow became the first and, as of 2020, only woman to win the Academy Award for Best Director, the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing, the BAFTA Award for Best Direction, and the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Director. She also became the first woman to win the Saturn Award for Best Director in 1995 for Strange Days.\nBigelow was included on the 2010 Time 100 list of most influential people of the year.", "Q976279": "Rapolas Skipitis (31 January 1887 \u2013 23 February 1976) was a Lithuanian attorney and politician. In 1920\u20131922, he was Minister of the Interior and was later elected to the Second and Third Seimas. After the 1926 coup d'\u00e9tat, he chaired the Lithuanian Riflemen's Union (1927\u20131928), Society for the Support of Lithuanians Abroad (1932\u20131940), and several other Lithuanian organizations. He also edited several newspapers, including \u016akininko balsas (1925\u20131928), Trimitas (1927\u20131928), Nam\u0173 savininkas and Pasaulio lietuvis (1937\u20131940). At the start of World War II, he retreated to Germany and joined the Lithuanian Activist Front. He was reserved the seat of Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Provisional Government of Lithuania. After the war, he settled in Chicago where he was active in Lithuanian American cultural life.", "Q192781": "Military history is a humanities discipline within the scope of general historical recording of armed conflict in the history of humanity, and its impact on the societies, cultures and economies thereof, as well as the resulting changes to local and international relationships.\nProfessional historians normally focus on military affairs that had a major impact on the societies involved as well as the aftermath of conflicts, while amateur historians and hobbyists often take a larger interest in the details of battles, equipment and uniforms in use.\nThe essential subjects of military history study are the causes of war, the social and cultural foundations, military doctrine on each side, the logistics, leadership, technology, strategy, and tactics used, and how these changed over time. On the other hand, Just War Theory explores the moral dimensions of warfare, and to better limit the destructive reality caused by war, seeks to establish a doctrine of military ethics.\nAs an applied field, military history has been studied at academies and service schools because the military command seeks to not repeat past mistakes, and improve upon its current performance by instilling an ability in commanders to perceive historical parallels during a battle, so as to capitalize on the lessons learned from the past. When certifying military history instructors the Combat Studies Institute deemphasizes rote detail memorization and focuses on themes and context in relation to current and future conflict, using the motto \"Past is Prologue.\"The discipline of military history is dynamic, changing with development as much of the subject area as the societies and organisations that make use of it. The dynamic nature of the discipline of military history is largely related to the rapidity of change the military forces, and the art and science of managing them, as well as the frenetic pace of technological development that had taken place during the period known as the Industrial Revolution, and more recently in the nuclear and information ages. An important recent concept is the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) which attempts to explain how warfare has been shaped by emerging technologies, such as gunpowder. It highlights the short outbursts of rapid change followed by periods of relative stability.", "Q789844": "Attila F. Bal\u00e1zs (T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 15 January 1954) is a poet, writer, translator, editor, and publisher.", "Q108867": "Harald Paulsen (26 August 1895 \u2013 4 August 1954) was a German actor. He appeared in 125 films between 1920 and 1954.\nHe was born in Elmshorn, Germany and died in Hamburg.\nPaulsen played \"The Dapper\" in the original cast of The Threepenny Opera written by composer Kurt Weill (1900\u20131950) and playwright Bertolt Brecht (1898\u20131956). The show's opening number, \"Mack the Knife\", became the most popular song of its time.", "Q329805": "All About My Mother (Spanish: Todo sobre mi madre) is a 1999 Spanish drama film written and directed by Pedro Almod\u00f3var, and starring Cecilia Roth, Marisa Paredes, Antonia San Juan, Pen\u00e9lope Cruz and Candela Pe\u00f1a.\nThe plot originates in Almod\u00f3var's earlier film The Flower of My Secret (1995) which shows student doctors being trained in how to persuade grieving relatives to allow organs to be used for transplant, focusing on the mother of a teenager killed in a road accident. All About My Mother deals with complex issues such as AIDS, homosexuality, transsexualism, faith, and existentialism.\nThe film was a commercial and critical success internationally, winning the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film in addition to the Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film and the BAFTA Awards for Best Film Not in the English Language and Best Direction (Almod\u00f3var). The film also won 6 Goya Awards including Best Film, Best Director (Almod\u00f3var), Best Actress (Roth).", "Q1020": "Malawi (, or ; Chichewa: [mal\u00e1\u03b2i] or [mal\u00e1wi]), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique surrounding on the east, south and southwest. Malawi spans over 118,484 km2 (45,747 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 18,143,217 (as of July 2018). Lake Malawi takes up about a third of Malawi's area. Its capital is Lilongwe, which is also Malawi's largest city; the second largest is Blantyre, the third largest is Mzuzu and the fourth largest is its old capital Zomba. The name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area. The country is nicknamed \"The Warm Heart of Africa\" because of the friendliness of the people.The part of Africa now known as Malawi was settled by migrating Bantu groups around the 10th century. Centuries later in 1891 the area was colonised by the British. In 1953 Malawi, then known as Nyasaland, a protectorate of the United Kingdom, became a protectorate within the semi-independent Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. The Federation was dissolved in 1963. In 1964 the protectorate over Nyasaland was ended and Nyasaland became an independent country under Queen Elizabeth II with the new name Malawi. Two years later it became a republic. Upon gaining independence it became a totalitarian one-party state under the presidency of Hastings Banda, who remained president until 1994. Malawi now has a democratic, multi-party government headed by an elected president, currently Peter Mutharika. The country has a Malawian Defence Force that includes an army, a navy and an air wing. Malawi's foreign policy is pro-Western and includes positive diplomatic relations with most countries and participation in several international organisations, including the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), and the African Union (AU).\nMalawi is among the world's least-developed countries. The economy is heavily based in agriculture, with a largely rural population that is growing at a rapid rate. The Malawian government depends heavily on outside aid to meet development needs, although this need (and the aid offered) has decreased since 2000. The Malawian government faces challenges in building and expanding the economy, improving education, healthcare, environmental protection, and becoming financially independent amidst widespread unemployment. Since 2005, Malawi has developed several programs that focus on these issues, and the country's outlook appears to be improving, with a rise in the economy, education and healthcare seen in 2007 and 2008.\nMalawi has a low life expectancy and high infant mortality. There is a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, which is a drain on the labour force and government expenditures. There is a diverse population of native peoples, Asians and Europeans, with several languages spoken and an array of religious beliefs. Although there was periodic regional conflict fuelled in part by ethnic divisions in the past, by 2008 it had diminished considerably and the concept of a Malawian nationality had reemerged.\n\n", "Q45037": "Ulrich Karger (3 February 1957 in Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, Germany) is an author and teacher of religion at a school for speech disabled children in Berlin.\nHis publications are aimed at children and adults. The complete retelling of Homers Odyssey in prose form in a book for young people, which received acclaim from critics in the complete German linguistic area, is one of his most successful works. This work also forms the basis of the \"piece of read-music\" Odyssey 1-5-9 that Ulrich Karger developed together with the Berlin jazz-composer Gernot Reetz. Beside other several languages is his picture book for children Geisterstunde im Kindergarten being published in English as The Scary Sleepover.\nIn addition, for years he has been writing also many book reviews for various daily papers and magazines. He is a member of VS Berlin (writers' association within the German trade union ver.di). He established the freely accessible online review archives Buechernachlese in 2000. Under this have to be called over 1,500 of his book reviews and short indications for fiction and poetry, non-fiction book as well as children's books and literature for young people. In 2010 he founded the book label Edition Gegenwind, which is meanwhile also used by other well known German writers such as Gabriele Beyerlein, Thomas Fuchs, Manfred Schl\u00fcter and Christa Zeuch. Together they now belong to a community of authors, who under this book label above all republish out of stock books written by themselves.", "Q167278": "Georgios Kondylis (Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2; August 14, 1878 \u2013 February 1, 1936) was a general of the Greek army and Prime Minister of Greece. He was nicknamed Keravnos, Greek for \"Thunder\" or \"Thunderbolt\".", "Q555983": "David Holland (5 April 1948 \u2013 16 January 2018) was an English heavy metal drummer born in Northampton, England. Holland is best remembered for his time with the bands Trapeze from 1969 to 1979 and Judas Priest from 1979 to 1989.", "Q158088": "Kavadarci (Macedonian: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0438 [ka\u02c8vadartsi] (listen)) is a town in the Tikve\u0161 region of the Republic of North Macedonia. In the heart of North Macedonia's wine country, it is home to the largest winery in Southeast Europe, named after the Tikve\u0161 plain. The town of Kavadarci is the seat of Kavadarci Municipality. Situated near Kavadarci is North Macedonia's largest artificial lake, Lake Tikve\u0161.", "Q214548": "Howard Andrew Williams (December 3, 1927 \u2013 September 25, 2012) was an American singer. He recorded 43 albums in his career, of which 15 have been gold-certified and 3 platinum-certified. He was also nominated for six Grammy Awards. He hosted The Andy Williams Show, a television variety show, from 1962 to 1971, and numerous TV specials. The Andy Williams Show won three Emmy awards. The Moon River Theatre in Branson, Missouri, is named after the song for which he is best known\u2014Johnny Mercer and Henry Mancini's \"Moon River\". He sold more than 100 million records worldwide, including more than 10 million certified units in the United States.Williams was active in the music industry for 74 years until his death in 2012.", "Q132537": "Julius Robert Oppenheimer (; April 22, 1904 \u2013 February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist and professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. Oppenheimer was the wartime head of the Los Alamos Laboratory and is among those who are credited with being the \"father of the atomic bomb\" for their role in the Manhattan Project, the World War II undertaking that developed the first nuclear weapons. The first atomic bomb was successfully detonated on July 16, 1945, in the Trinity test in New Mexico. Oppenheimer later remarked that it brought to mind words from the Bhagavad Gita: \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\" In August 1945, the weapons were used in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.\nAfter the war ended, Oppenheimer became chairman of the influential General Advisory Committee of the newly created United States Atomic Energy Commission. He used that position to lobby for international control of nuclear power to avert nuclear proliferation and a nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union. After provoking the ire of many politicians with his outspoken opinions during the Second Red Scare, he suffered the revocation of his security clearance in a much-publicized hearing in 1954, and was effectively stripped of his direct political influence; he continued to lecture, write and work in physics. Nine years later, President John F. Kennedy awarded (and Lyndon B. Johnson presented) him with the Enrico Fermi Award as a gesture of political rehabilitation.\nOppenheimer's achievements in physics included the Born\u2013Oppenheimer approximation for molecular wave functions, work on the theory of electrons and positrons, the Oppenheimer\u2013Phillips process in nuclear fusion, and the first prediction of quantum tunneling. With his students he also made important contributions to the modern theory of neutron stars and black holes, as well as to quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, and the interactions of cosmic rays. As a teacher and promoter of science, he is remembered as a founding father of the American school of theoretical physics that gained world prominence in the 1930s. After World War II, he became director of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.", "Q820995": "This artist uses Zardonic as one of his stage names. You may be looking for the word Sardonic.'\nFederico Augusto \u00c1greda \u00c1lvarez, best known as Zardonic, is an award-winning Venezuelan keyboardist, DJ, composer, producer and remixer primarily known for his heavy electronic dance music, dubbed as Venezuela's top DJ act and one of the Top 10 best DJ masks in the world, with releases peaking at #1 in Beatport's Drum & Bass releases of the week and Amazon's Hard Rock & Metal Bestsellers. He is also featured in the game Warlocks Vs Shadows, making him the first Latin American musician to be ever featured as a playable character in a video game. A remix with Mikey Rukus to his original Revelation was used as the theme song of the All Elite Wrestling pay-per-view Revolution in 2020.Since 2004, his tour history includes headlining events in 38 countries including his native Venezuela as well as Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Panama, Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Mexico, United States, United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain, France, Switzerland, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Netherlands, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and Japan.Some of his known tracks include \"Bring Back The Glory\" with Voicians, his remix of Semargl's \"Credo Revolution\" and his remix of The Unguided's \"Phoenix Down\".", "Q180385": "Verghese Kurien (26 November 1921 \u2013 9 September 2012), known as the 'Father of the White Revolution' in India, was a social entrepreneur whose \"billion-litre idea\", Operation Flood, the world's largest agricultural dairy development programme, made dairy farming India's largest self-sustaining industry and the largest rural employment provider, being a third of all rural income, with benefits of raising incomes and credit, riddance of debt dependence, nutrition, education, health, gender parity and empowerment, breakdown of caste barriers and grassroots democracy and leadership. It made India the world's largest milk producer from a milk-deficient nation, which doubled milk available per person and increased milk output four-fold, in 30 years.He pioneered the 'Anand pattern' of dairy cooperatives to replicate it nationwide, based on using suitable 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' approaches simultaneously, to essentially a low-input, low-output Amul, his standalone cooperative then, and today India's largest food brand, where no milk from a farmer was refused and 70\u201380% of the price by consumers went as cash to dairy farmers who controlled the marketing, the procurement and the processing of milk and milk products as the dairy's owners, while hiring professionals for their skills and inducting technology, in managing it. A key invention at Amul, the world's first, was the production of milk powder from the abundant buffalo-milk, instead of from the conventional cow-milk, short in supply in India. Keen on a strong linkage between town and country, he surmounted skepticism and adversity with his indefatigable fighting spirit and outmaneuvering skills to capture a commanding share of the market of the city of Bombay (now, Mumbai), which got him wide attention. \nHe had the foresight to shrewdly use the clout resulting from its recognition, by employing his networking skills and resources at his command effectively, in negotiating international help and support from the governments of at least nine prime ministers of the country over more than five decades, all on terms set by him, making everyone who mattered come to Anand in Bombay's hinterland, where he stayed put, to see his showpiece venture, rather than meet them in the capital cities. Termed \"a crocodile who swims in milk\", he would steadfastly stave off meddling by politicians and bureaucrats while building his cooperatives to national scale and founding institutions, and encroachment by multinational companies on markets nurtured by him.\nHe also made India self-sufficient in edible oils, taking on a powerful, entrenched and violently resistant oil supplying cartel. Regarded as one of the greatest proponents of the cooperative movement in the world where, by unleashing the power of the people through people's own institutions, production by masses triumphs over mass-production, his work has lifted millions out of poverty in India and outside.", "Q333685": "David Lockhart-Mure Renton, Baron Renton, (12 August 1908 \u2013 24 May 2007) was a British politician who served for over 60 years in Parliament, 34 in the House of Commons and then 28 in the House of Lords.\nRenton was Member of Parliament for Huntingdonshire for 34 years, from 1945 to 1979, initially as a Liberal National and then in accordance with the party's successive mergers with the Conservatives, as a \"National Liberal and Conservative\", then in 1968 he was one of the final three National Liberal MPs who opted to wind up the party and become a full part of the Conservatives. He became a life peer in 1979, and was the oldest member of the House of Lords from 2004 until his death.", "Q1887085": "John Christopher Hawken (born 9 May 1940 in Bournemouth) is an English keyboard player. He studied classical piano between the ages of four and eighteen at which point he succumbed to the lure of rock and roll. Hawken's first band was the Cruisers Rock Combo (1960 to 1962) but he is possibly best known for his contributions to various versions of The Nashville Teens (1962 to 1968). He was then a founding member of Renaissance in 1969.\nHe also played in Spooky Tooth, Third World War, Vinegar Joe, Strawbs and Illusion, as well as being a session musician.\n\n", "Q462685": "Karl Johan \u00c5str\u00f6m (born August 5, 1934) is a Swedish control theorist, who has made contributions to the fields of control theory and control engineering, computer control and adaptive control. In 1965, he described a general framework of Markov decision processes with incomplete information, what ultimately led to the notion of a Partially observable Markov decision process.", "Q782911": "The Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren (ECCB) (Czech: \u010ceskobratrsk\u00e1 c\u00edrkev evangelick\u00e1; \u010cCE) is the largest Czech Protestant church and the second-largest church in the Czech Republic after the Roman Catholic Church. It was formed in 1918 in Czechoslovakia through the unification of the Protestant churches of the Lutheran and Reformed confessions. The church has about 115,000 members in more than 260 local congregations, which are broken down into 14 seniorates (presbyteries) throughout the Czech Republic.\nIn 2013, it reported 84,022 baptized members. Numbers peaked in 1950 with 402,000 members; since Communist rule, the Czech Republic's censuses found 203,996 members in 1991, 117,212 in 2001, and 51,936 in 2011.", "Q1308364": "Fantasy Records was an American independent record label company founded by brothers Max and Sol Weiss in 1949. The early years of the company were dedicated to issuing recordings by jazz pianist Dave Brubeck, who was also one of its investors, but the label is known more for its recordings of comedian Lenny Bruce, jazz pianist Vince Guaraldi, and the 1960s rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival.", "Q11300": "Edmund H. Hansen (November 13, 1894 \u2013 October 10, 1962) was an American sound engineer. He won two Academy Awards; one for Best Sound Recording and the other Best Visual Effects. He was nominated for another 12 films across the two categories.", "Q190828": "Petah Tikva (Hebrew: \u05e4\u05b6\u05bc\u05ea\u05b7\u05d7 \u05ea\u05b4\u05bc\u05e7\u05b0\u05d5\u05b8\u05d4, IPA: [\u02ccpe.ta\u03c7 \u02c8tik.va], \"Opening of Hope\"), also known as Em HaMoshavot (\"Mother of the Moshavot\"), is a city in the Central District of Israel, 10.6 km (6.59 mi) east of Tel Aviv. It was founded in 1878, mainly by Orthodox Jews of the Old Yishuv, and became a permanent settlement in 1883 with the financial help of Baron Edmond de Rothschild.\nIn 2018 the city had a population of 244,275. Its population density is approximately 6,277 inhabitants per square kilometre (16,260/sq mi). Its jurisdiction covers 35,868 dunams (~35.9 km2 or 15 sq mi). Petah Tikva is part of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area.", "Q442233": "Richard Harrison Truly (born November 12, 1937) is a retired Vice Admiral in the United States Navy, a former fighter pilot, engineer, former astronaut for both the United States Air Force and NASA, and was the eighth Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from 1989 to 1992. He was the first former astronaut to head the space agency.\nAfter his departure from NASA, he led the Georgia Tech Research Institute from 1992 to 1997, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory from 1997 to 2005.", "Q256": "Turkish (T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ), also referred to as Istanbul Turkish (\u0130stanbul T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi) or Turkey Turkish (T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi), is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around ten to fifteen million native speakers in Southeast Europe (mostly in East and Western Thrace) and sixty to sixty-five million native speakers in Western Asia (mostly in Anatolia). Outside Turkey, significant smaller groups of speakers exist in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Northern Cyprus, Greece, the Caucasus, and other parts of Europe and Central Asia. Cyprus has requested that the European Union add Turkish as an official language, even though Turkey is not a member state.To the west, the influence of Ottoman Turkish\u2014the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire\u2014spread as the Ottoman Empire expanded. In 1928, as one of Atat\u00fcrk's Reforms in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, the Ottoman Turkish alphabet was replaced with a Latin alphabet.\nThe distinctive characteristics of the Turkish language are vowel harmony and extensive agglutination. The basic word order of Turkish is subject\u2013object\u2013verb. Turkish has no noun classes or grammatical gender. The language makes usage of honorifics and has a strong T\u2013V distinction which distinguishes varying levels of politeness, social distance, age, courtesy or familiarity toward the addressee. The plural second-person pronoun and verb forms are used referring to a single person out of respect.", "Q231086": "Tegan Lauren-Hannah Murray (born 1 July 1989) is an English actress best known for portraying Cassie Ainsworth in the E4 teen drama series Skins (2007\u20132008; 2013), for which she was the recipient of a BAFTA Audience Award, and Gilly in the HBO series Game of Thrones (2012\u20132019), for which she has been nominated along with her castmates for two Screen Actors Guild Awards as ensemble players. She has received praise for her performances in the Off West End play Martine (2014) and the film Bridgend (2015).", "Q134620": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8jy\u028b\u00e6s\u02cckyl\u00e6]) is a city and municipality in Finland in the western part of the Finnish Lakeland, some 130 km north-east from Tampere. It is the largest city in the region of Central Finland and on the Finnish Lakeland.\nElias L\u00f6nnrot, the compiler of the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala, gave the city the nickname \"Athens of Finland\". This nickname refers to the major role of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 as an educational centre.The works of the most famous Finnish architect Alvar Aalto can be seen throughout the city. The city hosts the Neste Oil Rally Finland, which is part of the World Rally Championship. It is also home of the annual Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Arts Festival.\nAs of 31 January 2019, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 had a population of 141,374. The city has been one of the fastest growing cities in Finland during the 20th century.\nIn 1940, there were only 8,000 inhabitants in Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4. The Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 sub-region includes Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Hankasalmi, Laukaa, Muurame, Pet\u00e4j\u00e4vesi, Toivakka, and Uurainen.", "Q474959": "In medicine, myalgia, also known as muscle pain or muscle ache, is a symptom that presents with a large array of diseases. While the most common cause is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles, acute myalgia may also be due to viral infections, especially in the absence of a traumatic history. Longer-term myalgias may be indicative of a metabolic myopathy, some nutritional deficiencies, or chronic fatigue syndrome.", "Q688596": "Hawthorne is a city in southwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2010 US census, it had a population of 84,293. In 2018, the population was estimated at 86,965.", "Q18442": "The Voice of the Moon (Italian: La voce della luna) is a 1990 Italian dramatic comedy film directed by Federico Fellini and starring Roberto Benigni, Paolo Villaggio, and Nadia Ottaviani. Returning to themes he first explored in La strada (1954), Fellini crafts a parable on the whisperings of the soul that only madmen and vagabonds are capable of hearing. Based on the novel Il poema dei lunatici by Ermano Cavazzoni, the film is about a fake inspector of wells and a former prefect who wander through the Emilia-Romagna countryside of Fellini's childhood and discover a dystopia of television commercials, fascism, beauty pageants, rock music, Catholicism, and pagan ritual.\nThe film received David di Donatello Awards for Best Actor, Best Editing, and Best Production Design, and nominations for Best Director, Best Film, Best Cinematography, Best Music, and Best Producer. The Voice of the Moon was Fellini's last film before his death in 1993.", "Q391542": "Ned Kelly is a 2003 Australian historical drama film based on Robert Drewe's 1991 novel Our Sunshine. Directed by Gregor Jordan, the film's adapted screenplay was written by John Michael McDonagh. The film dramatises the life of Ned Kelly, a legendary bushranger and outlaw who was active mostly in Victoria, the colony of his birth. In the film, Kelly, his brother Dan, and two other associates\u2014Steve Hart and Joe Byrne\u2014form a gang of Irish Australians in response to Irish and English tensions that arose in 19th century Australia. Heath Ledger stars in the title role, with Orlando Bloom, Naomi Watts and Geoffrey Rush. The film received mixed reviews from critics.\n\n", "Q2275185": "Sevenoaks School is a highly selective coeducational independent school in Sevenoaks, Kent. It is the second oldest non-denominational school in the United Kingdom, dating back to 1432, only behind Oswestry (1407). Over 1,000 day pupils and boarders attend, ranging in age from 11 to 18 years. There are approximately equal numbers of boys and girls. The current acting headteacher is Theresa Homewood.\nDuring the 1960s the school was a pioneer in developing a variety of approaches to education and in community involvement, notably in attracting international students \u2013 today pupils come from over 40 countries.\nIn 2006 it became the first major UK school to switch entirely from A level exams to the International Baccalaureate. The school is a former member of the G20 Schools group.\nIn 2012, the Independent review of A level and IB results, based on government issued statistics, ranked Sevenoaks School 1st in the UK, ahead of Westminster (17th), St Paul's (22nd), Harrow (34th), Winchester (73rd) and Eton (80th).Sevenoaks School is among several leading UK schools that now charge annual boarding fees in excess of \u00a342,000, making it one of the most expensive schools in the country. Notwithstanding this fact, it is a registered charity.", "Q66188": "T\u00e4gerwilen is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q381751": "Sex and the City (advertised as Sex and the City: The Movie) is a 2008 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Michael Patrick King in his feature film directorial debut, and a sequel to the 1998\u20132004 HBO comedy-drama series of the same name (itself based on the 1997 book of the same name by Candace Bushnell) about four female friends: Carrie Bradshaw (Sarah Jessica Parker), Samantha Jones (Kim Cattrall), Charlotte York Goldenblatt (Kristin Davis), and Miranda Hobbes (Cynthia Nixon), dealing with their lives as single women in New York City. The series often featured frank discussions about romance and sexuality.\nThe world premiere took place at Leicester Square in London on May 15, 2008, and premiered on May 28, 2008, in the United Kingdom and on May 30, 2008, in the United States. Despite mixed reviews from critics, calling the film an extended episode of the series, it was a commercial success, grossing over $415 million worldwide from a $65 million budget.\nA sequel to the film, titled Sex and the City 2, was released in 2010 to similar commercial success but even larger critical failure. A third film was announced in December 2016, but in September 2017, Parker confirmed that it was not going to happen.", "Q174204": "Helen Dale (born Helen Darville; 24 January 1972), known for a time by her pen name Helen Demidenko, is an Australian writer and lawyer. She served as a senior adviser to David Leyonhjelm, a Liberal Democrat member of the Australian Senate, from 2014 through to the election in 2016. She has been a contributing writer to Quillette since 2017.A daughter of British immigrants, Darville was educated at Redeemer Lutheran College in Rochedale, a suburb of Brisbane. While studying English literature at the University of Queensland, she wrote The Hand that Signed the Paper, a novel about a Ukrainian family who collaborated with the Nazis in the Holocaust. In 1993, the novel won The Australian/Vogel Literary Award for an unpublished manuscript.\nDale published her book in 1994 under the pseudonym Helen Demidenko and won the Miles Franklin Award, becoming the award's youngest winner. The following year, she was the subject of a major Australian literary controversy because she had falsely claimed Ukrainian ancestry as part of the basis of the book (and her pseudonym). The misrepresentation has been described as a \"literary hoax\" in The Sydney Morning Herald. The novel was subsequently reissued under her legal name, then Helen Darville. It won the 1995 Australian Literary Society Gold Medal.\nAfter teaching, Dale returned to university, gaining her law degree in 2002. She later did post-graduate law study at Oxford and completed an LLB degree in 2012 at the University of Edinburgh. She returned to Australia and became a senior adviser to David Leyonhjelm, a Liberal Democrat member of the Australian Senate, but at the end of May 2016 Leyonhjelm revealed that Dale had left his employ.", "Q96509": "Simon Rawidowicz (1897\u20131957) was a Polish-born American Jewish philosopher.\n\n", "Q14278": "Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet (; 7 March 1792 \u2013 11 May 1871) was an English polymath, mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor, experimental photographer who invented the blueprint, and did botanical work.Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus \u2013 the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.", "Q512376": "Suzy Nakamura (born December 2, 1968) is an American actress and improv comedian. She is known for her many guest appearances on sitcoms such as According to Jim, Half and Half, 8 Simple Rules, Curb Your Enthusiasm and How I Met Your Mother and her recurring role in the early seasons of the drama The West Wing as assistant to the Sam Seaborn character, as well as Dr. Miura in the ABC sitcom Modern Family. She had leading roles in the television shows Dr. Ken and Avenue 5.", "Q3267870": "Luther Hamilton Holton (January 22, 1817 \u2013 March 14, 1880) was a Canadian businessman and political figure. He represented Ch\u00e2teauguay as a Liberal member in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1880.\n\n", "Q222944": "Jean Patrick Modiano (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 pat\u0281ik m\u0254djano]; born 30 July 1945), generally known as Patrick Modiano, is a French novelist and recipient of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature. He previously won the 2012 Austrian State Prize for European Literature, the 2010 Prix mondial Cino Del Duca from the Institut de France for lifetime achievement, the 1978 Prix Goncourt for Rue des boutiques obscures, and the 1972 Grand Prix du roman de l'Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise for Les Boulevards de ceinture. His works have been translated into more than 30 languages and have been celebrated in and around France, but most of his novels had not been translated into English before he was awarded the Nobel Prize.", "Q4264306": "Litsey (Russian: \u041b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439; Lyceum in English) is a Russian pop rock girl group from Moscow, formed on 12 December 1991. The original band's imagery \u2013 teen female trio with guitars \u2013 was unusual in post-Soviet Russia. While the band line-up was changed several times, vocalist Anastasiya Makarevich has remained the unchanged member of the group since its inception. The band is best known for the songs \"Osen'\" (\u041e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c; Autumn) and \"Kak ty o nyom mechtala\" (\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u044b \u043e \u043d\u0451\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0447\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430; How You Have Dreamed of Him). Original trio debuted in 1991 with \u0410\u0412\u0412\u0410's song \"One of Us\" on the TV show Morning Star (\u0423\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430).Litsey was on top of the Russian music charts in 1990s and 2000s with several songs.\nAs of 2016, Litsey is Anastasiya Makarevich, Sofia Taikh, and Anna Shchegoleva. The group producer was Alexey Makarevich. Since the beginnings, Makarevich is the only unchanged band member. Also, the project was focused on her as lead figure, and she is the step-daughter of the producer Alexey Makarevich.", "Q1444453": "Fredrik Hermansson (born 18 July 1976) is a Swedish musician. He was a keyboardist and backing vocalist in the Swedish progressive rock band Pain of Salvation from 1996 to 2011. He also works as a free-lance piano player and composer. Fredrik studied both classical and jazz piano at Birka Folkh\u00f6gskola in \u00d6stersund, Sweden, and chamber music in V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden, where he received a master's degree. On 8 November 2011, a message to fans by Daniel Gildenl\u00f6w noted that Fredrik Hermansson would also be leaving the band at the conclusion of the current tour.", "Q426979": "Lu\u00eds Miguel Valle Cintra (born 29 April 1949) is a Portuguese actor. He has appeared in more than 60 films since 1970.", "Q319078": "The University of Melbourne is a public research university located in Melbourne, Australia. Founded in 1853, it is Australia's second oldest university and the oldest in Victoria. Its main campus is located in Parkville, an inner suburb north of the Melbourne central business district, with several other campuses located across Victoria.\nMelbourne is a sandstone university and a member of the Group of Eight, Universitas 21, Washington University's McDonnell International Scholars Academy, and the Association of Pacific Rim Universities. Since 1872 various residential colleges have become affiliated with the university. There are 10 colleges located on the main campus and in nearby suburbs offering academic, sporting and cultural programs alongside accommodation for Melbourne students and faculty.\nMelbourne comprises 10 separate academic units and is associated with numerous institutes and research centres, including the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research and the Grattan Institute. Amongst Melbourne's 15 graduate schools the Melbourne Business School, the Melbourne Law School and the Melbourne Medical School are particularly well regarded.Times Higher Education ranked Melbourne 32nd globally in 2017\u20132018, while the Academic Ranking of World Universities places Melbourne 38th in the world (both first in Australia), and in the QS World University Rankings 2019 Melbourne ranks 39th globally and ranked sixth in the world according to the 2019 QS Graduate Employability Rankings. Four Australian prime ministers and five governors-general have graduated from the University of Melbourne. Ten Nobel laureates have been students or faculty, the most of any Australian university.The university's coat of arms is a blue shield on which a depiction of \"Victory\" in white colour holds her laurel wreath over the stars of the Southern Cross. The motto, Postera crescam laude (\"Later I shall grow by praise\" or, more freely, \"We shall grow in the esteem of future generations\"), is written on a scroll beneath the shield. The Latin is from a line in Horace's Odes: ego postera crescam laude recens.", "Q98524": "Moritz Hermann Eduard Meier (1 January 1796 \u2013 5 December 1855) was a German classical philologist, born at Glogau.At the age of 24, he became an associate professor at the University of Greifswald. In 1825, he was named professor of classical philology at the University of Halle, where he remained until his death. \nFriedrich August Wolf, and especially Wolf's famous pupil, August Boeckh, whose classic work on the public economy of Athens appeared in 1817, had a great influence on Meier. His own first important publication dealt with a question in the legal antiquities of Athens, \"Historia Juris Attici de Bonis Damnatorum\", etc. (Berlin, 1819); but his greatest work was written in collaboration with G. F. Sch\u00f6mann, \"Der Attische Process\" (Berlin, 1824); and was crowned by the Berlin Royal Academy. This treatise, now revised by J. H. Lipsius (Berlin 1883-87), remains the standard work on Athenian legal procedure. \nMeier also prepared an edition of Demosthenes \"Against Meidias\" and published many papers on subjects relating to classical antiquity, especially Andocides and Theophrastus \u2014 these were collected after his death in \"Opuscula\" (1861-63). Much of his energy, however, while resident at Halle, was spent on editorial duties, as he was an editor of the Halle \"Allgemeine Zeitung\" for many years, and also co-editor of the \"Allgemeine Encyclop\u00e4die der Wissenschaften und K\u00fcnste\" from 1830 to 1855.", "Q195788": "Yasmine Hamdan (Arabic: \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u200e; born 1976) is a Lebanese singer, songwriter and actress, now based in Paris. She became known with Soapkills, the duo she founded with Zeid Hamdan (no relation) while she was still living in Beirut, Lebanon. The first album released by Soapkills was Bater (1999). Soapkills was one of the very first independent electronic bands in the Middle East, and its innovative approach exerted a lasting influence. To this day, Yasmine Hamdan is considered an icon of underground music across the Arab world.After moving to Paris, Hamdan collaborated with CocoRosie. She teamed up with Mirwais (who was part of French electronic new wave band Taxi Girl in the 80s, and produced/co-wrote some of Madonna's albums), with whom she recorded the Arabology album (2008), under the Y.A.S. moniker.\nHamdan then joined forces with Marc Collin (of Nouvelle Vague) to write and produce her first, self-titled solo album, which came out in France and Lebanon in 2012 on Kwaidan Records), and was released internationally (in a revised version with five new tracks) in 2013 by Crammed Discs under the title Ya Nass. In this album, which blends pop, folk and electronic sounds with melodies and lyrics inspired by various Middle-Eastern traditions, Hamdan \"has undertaken the challenge of affirming and rewriting Arabic musical heritage\", according to the Al-Akhbar paper. Her personal life (she has lived in Lebanon, Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, Greece and France) and her curiosity have enabled Hamdan to playfully use various dialects of Arabic in her lyrics, which alternate between Lebanese, Kuwaiti, Palestinian, Egyptian and Bedouin, as well as some of the code-switching which is so typical of Middle-Eastern humour.Hamdan had a cameo in Jim Jarmusch's film Only Lovers Left Alive alongside Tilda Swinton and Tom Hiddleston. She has written an original soundtrack for the theatre play Rituel pour une m\u00e9tamorphose by Syrian playwright Saadallah Wannous for a production at Com\u00e9die Fran\u00e7aise.She is married to the Palestinian film director and actor Elia Suleiman and lives in Paris.", "Q311424": "Leovegildo Lins da Gama J\u00fanior (born 29 June 1954), known simply as J\u00fanior or L\u00e9o J\u00fanior, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a left back or midfielder. He was nicknamed \"capacete\" (\"helmet\", in Portuguese) because of his afro hairstyle. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics.He was named by Pel\u00e9 as one of the top 125 greatest living footballers in March 2004. Junior now works as a television pundit for Rede Globo.\n\n", "Q661452": "Gheorghe Asachi (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261e\u032for\u0261e a\u02c8saki], surname also spelled Asaki; 1 March 1788 \u2013 12 November 1869) was a Moldavian, later Romanian prose writer, poet, painter, historian, dramatist and translator. An Enlightenment-educated polymath and polyglot, he was one of the most influential people of his generation. Asachi was a respected journalist and political figure, as well as active in technical fields such as civil engineering and pedagogy, and, for long, the civil servant charged with overseeing all Moldavian schools. Among his leading achievements were the issuing of Albina Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, a highly influential magazine, and the creation of Academia Mih\u0103ilean\u0103, which replaced Greek-language education with teaching in Romanian. His literary works combined a taste for Classicism with Romantic tenets, while his version of the literary language relied on archaisms and borrowings from the Moldavian dialect.\nA controversial political figure, Asachi endorsed the Imperial Russian presence in Moldavia and played a major part in establishing the Regulamentul Organic regime, while supporting the rule of Prince Mihail Sturdza. He thus came to clash with representatives of the liberal current, and opposed both the Moldavian revolution of 1848 and the country's union with Wallachia. Engaged in a long polemic with the liberal leader Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu, he was, together with Nicolae Vogoride, involved in the unsuccessful attempt to block the unionist project through the means of an electoral fraud. Asachi was noted for his deep connections with the Western culture, which led him to support the employment of foreign experts in various fields and educational institutions. He cultivated a relationship with the French historian Edgar Quinet, whose father-in-law he became in 1852.", "Q170076": "Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet (31 July 1901 \u2013 12 May 1985) was a French painter and sculptor. His idealistic approach to aesthetics embraced so called \"low art\" and eschewed traditional standards of beauty in favor of what he believed to be a more authentic and humanistic approach to image-making. He is perhaps best known for founding the art movement Art Brut, and for the collection of works\u2014Collection de l'art brut\u2014that this movement spawned. Dubuffet enjoyed a prolific art career, both in France and in America, and was featured in many exhibitions throughout his lifetime.", "Q2821460": "Abraham Pollin (December 3, 1923 \u2013 November 24, 2009) was the owner of a number of professional sports teams including the Washington Capitals in the National Hockey League (NHL), the Washington Mystics in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), and the Washington Wizards in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Pollin was the longest-tenured owner of an NBA team, holding the Packers/Zephyrs/Bullets/Wizards franchise for 46 years.", "Q1752": "Macrinus (; Latin: Marcus Opellius Severus Macrinus Augustus; c.\u2009165 \u2013 June 218) was Roman Emperor from April 217 to 8 June 218. He reigned jointly with his young son Diadumenianus. Macrinus was by origin a Berber from Mauretania Caesariensis. A member of the equestrian class, he became the first emperor who did not hail from the senatorial class and was the first emperor from Mauretania. Before becoming emperor, Macrinus served under Emperor Caracalla as a praetorian prefect and dealt with Rome's civil affairs. He later conspired against Caracalla and had him murdered in a bid to protect his own life, succeeding him as emperor.\nMacrinus was proclaimed emperor of Rome by 11 April 217 while in the eastern provinces of the empire and was subsequently confirmed as such by the Senate; however, for the duration of his reign, he never had the opportunity to return to Rome. His predecessor's policies had left Rome's coffers empty and the empire at war with several kingdoms, including Parthia, Armenia and Dacia. As emperor, Macrinus first attempted to enact reform to bring economic and diplomatic stability to Rome. While Macrinus' diplomatic actions brought about peace with each of the individual kingdoms, the additional monetary costs and subsequent fiscal reforms generated unrest in the Roman military.\nCaracalla's aunt Julia Maesa took advantage of the unrest and instigated a rebellion to have her fourteen-year-old grandson, Elagabalus, recognized as emperor. Macrinus was overthrown at the Battle of Antioch on 8 June 218 and Elagabalus proclaimed himself emperor with support from the rebelling Roman legions. Macrinus fled the battlefield and tried to reach Rome, but was captured in Chalcedon and later executed in Cappadocia. He sent his son to the care of Artabanus V of Parthia, but Diadumenianus was also captured before he could reach his destination and executed. After Macrinus' death, the Senate declared him and his son enemies of Rome and had their names struck from the records and their images destroyed.", "Q504500": "No\u00ebl Yves Marie Le Gra\u00ebt (born 25 December 1941 in Bourbriac, C\u00f4tes-d'Armor) is a French businessman, politician and football official. Since 18 June 2011, he has been the President of the French Football Federation (FFF). He was the vice-president of the French federation from 2005 to 2011.", "Q725562": "Ashland is a home rule-class city in Boyd County, Kentucky, in the United States. Ashland, the largest city in Boyd County, is located upon a southern bank of the Ohio River. The population was 21,684 at the 2010 census. Ashland is the smaller of two primary cities in the Huntington-Ashland metropolitan area, which is referred to locally as the \"Tri-State area\" and had a population of 361,487 in 2017, while the Kentucky portion was home to 110,641 in 2017. Ashland serves as an important economic and medical center for northeastern Kentucky and is part of the fifth-largest metropolitan area in Kentucky.", "Q101857": "Christian Friedrich von Otto (26 October 1758 \u2013 8 September 1836) was a W\u00fcrttemberger official and politician.", "Q674739": "Sir Alexander Campbell Mackenzie KCVO (22 August 1847 \u2013 28 April 1935) was a Scottish composer, conductor and teacher best known for his oratorios, violin and piano pieces, Scottish folk music and works for the stage.\nMackenzie was a member of a musical family and was sent for his musical education to Germany. He had many successes as a composer, producing over 90 compositions, but from 1888 to 1924, he devoted a great part of his energies to running the Royal Academy of Music. Together with Hubert Parry and Charles Villiers Stanford, he was regarded as one of the fathers of the British musical renaissance in the late nineteenth century.", "Q115822": "Johann David Wyss (German: [\u02c8jo\u02d0han \u02c8da\u02d0f\u026ad \u02c8vi\u02d0s]; May 28, 1743, Bern \u2013 January 11, 1818, Bern) was a Swiss author, best remembered for his book The Swiss Family Robinson (Der schweizerische Robinson) (1812). It is said that he was inspired by Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, but wanted to write a story from which his own children would learn, as the father in the story taught important lessons to his children. The Swiss Family Robinson was first published in German in 1812 and translated into English two years later. It has since become one of the most popular books of all time. The book was edited by his son, Johann Rudolf Wyss, a scholar who wrote the Swiss national anthem. Another son, Johann Emmanuel Wyss, illustrated the book. Unlike his son Johann Rudolf, who died at the age of 48, Johann David Wyss lived up to the age of 74, dying in 1818.\nWyss has been described as an author whose style was \"firmly Christian and moral in tone\".There are also many underlying tones of Christianity throughout the book and in the case of many of the characters and their morales.", "Q592204": "\u0218erban Vod\u0103 cemetery (commonly known as Bellu cemetery) is the largest and most famous cemetery in Bucharest, Romania.\nIt is located on a plot of land donated to the local administration by Baron Barbu Bellu. It has been in use since 1858. It has 54 acres and it is one of the most authentic cultural attractions in Bucharest.", "Q721704": "Cesare Ripa (c. 1560, Perugia \u2013 c. 1622) was an Italian iconographer who worked for Cardinal Anton Maria Salviati as a cook and butler.", "Q242": "Belize ( (listen)) is a Central American country that borders the Caribbean Sea to the west. Belize is bordered on the northwest by Mexico, on the east by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west by Guatemala. It has an area of 22,970 square kilometres (8,867 sq mi) and a population of 408,487 (2019). Its mainland is about 290 km (180 mi) long and 110 km (68 mi) wide. It has the lowest population and population density in Central America. The country's population growth rate of 1.87% per year (2018 estimate) is the second highest in the region and one of the highest in the Western Hemisphere.The Maya Civilization spread into the area of Belize between 1500 B.C. and A.D. 300 and flourished until about 1200. European contact began in 1502 when Christopher Columbus sailed along the Gulf of Honduras. European exploration was begun by English settlers in 1638. This period was also marked by Spain and Britain both laying claim to the land until Britain defeated the Spanish in the Battle of St. George's Caye (1798). It became a British colony in 1840, known as British Honduras, and a Crown colony in 1862. Independence was achieved from the United Kingdom on 21 September 1981.\nBelize has a diverse society that is composed of many cultures and languages that reflect its rich history. English is the official language of Belize, while Belizean Creole is the most widely spoken national language, being the native language of over a third of the population. Over half the population is multilingual, with Spanish being the second most common spoken language. It is known for its September Celebrations, its extensive barrier reef coral reefs and punta music.Belize's abundance of terrestrial and marine species and its diversity of ecosystems give it a key place in the globally significant Mesoamerican Biological Corridor. It is considered a Central American and Caribbean nation with strong ties to both the American and Caribbean regions. It is a member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), and the Central American Integration System (SICA), the only country to hold full membership in all three regional organizations. Belize is a Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its monarch and head of state.", "Q47152": "Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (UK: , US: ; n\u00e9e Godwin; 30 August 1797 \u2013 1 February 1851) was an English novelist who wrote the Gothic novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818). She also edited and promoted the works of her husband, the Romantic poet and philosopher Percy Bysshe Shelley. Her father was the political philosopher William Godwin and her mother was the philosopher and feminist Mary Wollstonecraft.\nShelley's mother died less than a month after giving birth to her. She was raised by her father who was able to provide her with a rich if informal education, encouraging her to adhere to his own anarchist political theories. When she was four, her father married a neighbour with whom Shelley came to have a troubled relationship.In 1814, Shelley began a romance with one of her father's political followers, Percy Bysshe Shelley, who was already married. Together with her stepsister, Claire Clairmont, she and Percy left for France and travelled through Europe. Upon their return to England, Shelley was pregnant with Percy's child. Over the next two years, she and Percy faced ostracism, constant debt and the death of their prematurely born daughter. They married in late 1816, after the suicide of Percy Shelley's first wife, Harriet.\nIn 1816, the couple famously spent a summer with Lord Byron, John William Polidori and Claire Clairmont near Geneva, Switzerland, where Shelley conceived the idea for her novel Frankenstein. The Shelleys left Britain in 1818 for Italy, where their second and third children died before Shelley gave birth to her last and only surviving child, Percy Florence Shelley. In 1822, her husband drowned when his sailing boat sank during a storm near Viareggio. A year later, Shelley returned to England and from then on devoted herself to the upbringing of her son and a career as a professional author. The last decade of her life was dogged by illness, most likely caused by the brain tumour which killed her at age 53.\nUntil the 1970s, Shelley was known mainly for her efforts to publish her husband's works and for her novel Frankenstein, which remains widely read and has inspired many theatrical and film adaptations. Recent scholarship has yielded a more comprehensive view of Shelley's achievements. Scholars have shown increasing interest in her literary output, particularly in her novels, which include the historical novels Valperga (1823) and Perkin Warbeck (1830), the apocalyptic novel The Last Man (1826) and her final two novels, Lodore (1835) and Falkner (1837). Studies of her lesser-known works, such as the travel book Rambles in Germany and Italy (1844) and the biographical articles for Dionysius Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia (1829\u20131846), support the growing view that Shelley remained a political radical throughout her life. Shelley's works often argue that cooperation and sympathy, particularly as practised by women in the family, were the ways to reform civil society. This view was a direct challenge to the individualistic Romantic ethos promoted by Percy Shelley and the Enlightenment political theories articulated by her father, William Godwin.", "Q521970": "Arthur Wynne (June 22, 1871 \u2013 January 14, 1945) was the British-born inventor of the modern crossword puzzle.\n\n", "Q559613": "James Alexander Stewart Stevenson (known as Stewart Stevenson) (Gaelic: Seamus Alasdair Sti\u00f9bhart MacSteafain; born 15 October 1946) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician who has been a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) since 2001. He was the MSP for Banff and Buchan from 2001 to 2011, and after boundary changes he has been the MSP for Banffshire & Buchan Coast since 2011.\nIn the Scottish Government, he was Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and Climate Change from May 2007 to December 2010, and Minister for Environment and Climate Change from May 2011 to September 2012.", "Q335586": "John Birt, Baron Birt (born 10 December 1944) is a British television executive and businessman. He is a former Director-General (1992\u20132000) of the BBC.\nAfter a successful career in commercial television, initially at Granada Television and later at London Weekend Television, Birt was appointed Deputy Director-General of the BBC in 1987 for his expertise in current affairs. The forced departure of Director-General Alasdair Milne after pressure from the Thatcher government required someone near the top, preferably from outside the BBC, with editorial and production experience (Milne had been summarily replaced by Michael Checkland, an accountant).\nDuring his tenure as Director-General, Birt restructured the BBC, in the face of much internal opposition. However, others have credited him with saving the corporation from possible government privatisation, and say he prepared for the era of digital broadcasting. After leaving the BBC, Birt was Strategic Advisor to Prime Minister Tony Blair from 2001\u20135. He was appointed Chairman of CPA Global in 2015.", "Q123348": "Monika Kaelin (born October 13, 1954 in Schwyz, Switzerland) is a model and actress. She was Penthouse Pet of the Month in May 1980.", "Q257317": "Margo Martindale (born July 18, 1951) is an American character actress who has appeared on television, film, and onstage. In 2011, she won a Primetime Emmy Award and a Critics' Choice Television Award for her recurring role as Mags Bennett on Justified. Martindale was nominated for an Emmy Award four times for her recurring role as Claudia on The Americans, winning the award in 2015 and 2016. She has played supporting roles in several films, including Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story, The Hours, Million Dollar Baby, Dead Man Walking, The Firm, Lorenzo's Oil, ...First Do No Harm, Eye of God, Win Win, Marvin's Room, Forged, Orphan, The Savages, Hannah Montana: The Movie, August: Osage County, and Paris, je t'aime.\nMartindale was also nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in 2004 for her performance in the play Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. She also voiced a fictionalized version of herself in the Netflix animated comedy BoJack Horseman.", "Q67282": "Urtenen-Sch\u00f6nb\u00fchl is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q122056": "Felix Dh\u00fcnen (real name Franz Sondinger, January 5, 1896 \u2013 December 8, 1939) was a German poet.\nHe was born in Germersheim and died in Berlin.\nIn 1936 he won a gold medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his \"Der L\u00e4ufer\" (\"The Runner\").", "Q18456": "Bertha Felicitas Sophie Freifrau von Suttner (Baroness Bertha von Suttner, pronounced [\u02c8b\u025b\u0250\u032fta f\u0254n \u02c8z\u028atn\u0250]; n\u00e9e Countess Kinsky; 9 June 1843 \u2013 21 June 1914) was an Austrian-Bohemian pacifist and novelist. In 1905, she became the second female Nobel laureate (after Marie Curie in 1903), the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and the first Austrian laureate.", "Q38786": "Mathilde Fibiger (13 December 1830 \u2013 17 June 1872) was a Danish feminist, novelist, and telegraphist.\n\n", "Q174210": "Julio Cort\u00e1zar, born Julio Florencio Cort\u00e1zar American Spanish: [\u02c8xuljo ko\u027e\u02c8tasa\u027e] (listen); (26 August 1914 \u2013 12 February 1984) was an Argentine novelist, short story writer, and essayist. Known as one of the founders of the Latin American Boom, Cort\u00e1zar influenced an entire generation of Hispanic readers and writers in America and Europe.\nHe is considered one of the most innovative and original authors of his time, a master of history, poetic prose and short story in general and a creator of important novels that inaugurated a new way of making literature in the Hispanic world by breaking the classical moulds through narratives that escaped temporal linearity. As the content of his work travels on the border between the real and the fantastic, it is often placed within the genres of magical realism and surrealism.He lived his childhood and adolescence and incipient maturity in Argentina and, after the 1950s, in Europe. He lived in Italy, Spain, Switzerland and France, where he settled in 1951 and composed some of his works.", "Q1677021": "Jack Earls (born August 23, 1932, Woodbury, Tennessee) is an American country and rockabilly singer.", "Q132245": "Act of Valor is a 2012 American action film produced and directed by Mike McCoy and Scott Waugh, and written by Kurt Johnstad. It stars Alex Veadov, Roselyn S\u00e1nchez, Nestor Serrano and Emilio Rivera, as well as active duty U.S. Navy SEALs and U.S. Navy Special Warfare Combatant-craft Crewmen. The film was released by Relativity Media on February 24, 2012.\nThe film grossed $81 million worldwide and was nominated at the 70th Golden Globe Awards for Best Original Song.", "Q41523": "Plutarch (; Greek: \u03a0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2, Plo\u00fatarkhos; Koine Greek: [\u02c8plutark\u02b0os]; AD 46\u2013after 119) was a Greek Middle Platonist philosopher, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo. He is known primarily for his Parallel Lives and Moralia.. Upon becoming a Roman citizen, he was named Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (\u039b\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2).", "Q1649871": "The Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Kr\u00f3lestwo Polskie; Latin: Regnum Poloniae) and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania joined in a personal union established by the Union of Krewo (1385). The union was transformed into a closer one by the Union of Lublin in 1569, which was shortly followed by the end of the Jagiellonian dynasty, which had ruled Poland for two centuries.\nIn the Baltic Sea region, Poland maintained an ongoing conflict with the Teutonic Knights. The struggles led to a major battle, the Battle of Grunwald of 1410, but there was also the milestone Peace of Thorn of 1466 under King Casimir IV Jagiellon; the treaty created the future Duchy of Prussia. In the south, Poland confronted the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Tatars, and in the east helped Lithuania fight the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Poland's and Lithuania's territorial expansion included the far north region of Livonia.\nIn the Jagiellonian period, Poland developed as a feudal state with a predominantly agricultural economy and an increasingly dominant landed nobility. The Nihil novi act adopted by the Polish Sejm in 1505 transferred most of the legislative power in the state from the monarch to the Sejm. This event marked the beginning of the period known as \"Golden Liberty\", when the state was ruled by the \"free and equal\" members of the Polish nobility.\nProtestant Reformation movements made deep inroads into Polish Christianity, which resulted in unique policies of religious tolerance in the Europe of that time. The European Renaissance as fostered by the late Jagiellonian Kings Sigismund I the Old and Sigismund II Augustus resulted in an immense cultural flowering (see Renaissance in Poland).", "Q61195": "Georg Michael Anton Kerschensteiner (July 29, 1854 in M\u00fcnchen \u2013 January 15, 1932 in M\u00fcnchen) was a German professor and educational theorist. He was director of public schools in Munich from 1895 to 1919 and became a professor at the University of Munich in 1920. The author of Theorie der Bildungsorganisation (1933), Kerschensteiner is primarily known for developing a pragmatic approach to education that included the integration of academic study with physical activity and the establishment of a network of vocational schools.", "Q103926": "Franz von Roggenbach (23 March 1825 - 25 May 1907) was a leading Baden politician. During the 1860s he served, by some definitions, as the final Foreign minister of the Grand Duchy of Baden.\n\n", "Q237385": "Svetlana Ra\u017enatovi\u0107 (n\u00e9e Veli\u010dkovi\u0107; Serbian Cyrillic: \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b n\u00e9e \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, pronounced [s\u028b\u011btlana ra\u0292n\u01ce\u02d0to\u028bit\u0361\u0255] n\u00e9e [\u028bel\u01d0t\u0283ko\u028bit\u0361\u0255]; born 14 June 1973), better known under her stage name Ceca (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0426\u0435\u0446\u0430, pronounced [t\u0361s\u011b\u02d0t\u0361sa]), is a Serbian turbo-folk singer. Born in Prokuplje and raised in the nearby village of \u017ditora\u0111a, she rose to fame in 1988 with her debut album Cvetak zanovetak (Nagging Flower). Over the course of her career, Ceca has sold close to four million records and has held some of the biggest concerts by a Serbian singer, making her one of the most successful regional performers.\nDespite her immense popularity, she is also deemed controversial, mainly because of her marriage to career criminal and commander in the Yugoslav Wars, \u017deljko Ra\u017enatovi\u0107 Arkan, as well as for her own legal issues and political involvements.", "Q164765": "Alexander Alexandrovich Blok (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0301\u043a, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr \u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8blok] (listen); 28 November [O.S. 16 November] 1880 \u2013 7 August 1921) was a Russian lyrical poet, writer, publicist, playwright, translator, literary critic.", "Q6049455": "Abraham Pihl (3 October 1756 \u2013 20 May 1821) was a Norwegian clergyman, astronomer, and architect.", "Q4894155": "Esteban Terrades i Illa (born Barcelona, 15 September 1883; died Madrid, 9 May 1950) also known as Esteve Terradas, was a Spanish mathematician, scientist and engineer. He researched and taught widely in the fields of mathematics and the physical sciences, working not only in his native Catalonia, but also in the rest of Spain and in South America. He was also active as a consultant in the Spanish aeronautics, electric power, telephone and railway industries.", "Q51056": "Franz Josef I or Francis Joseph I (18 August 1830 \u2013 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, King of Croatia, King of Bohemia, and monarch of many other states of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from 2 December 1848 until his death. From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866 he was also President of the German Confederation. He was the longest-reigning Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, as well as the fourth-longest-reigning monarch of any country in European history, after Louis XIV of France, Johann II of Liechtenstein, and Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, in descending chronological order.In December 1848, Emperor Ferdinand abdicated the throne at Olomouc, as part of Minister President Felix zu Schwarzenberg's plan to end the Revolutions of 1848 in Hungary. This allowed Ferdinand's nephew Franz Josef to accede to the throne. Largely considered to be a reactionary, Franz Josef spent his early reign resisting constitutionalism in his domains. The Austrian Empire was forced to cede its influence over Tuscany and most of its claim to Lombardy\u2013Venetia to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, following the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859 and the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866. Although Franz Josef ceded no territory to the Kingdom of Prussia after the Austrian defeat in the Austro-Prussian War, the Peace of Prague (23 August 1866) settled the German Question in favour of Prussia, which prevented the Unification of Germany from occurring under the House of Habsburg.Franz Josef was troubled by nationalism during his entire reign. He concluded the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which granted greater autonomy to Hungary and transformed the Austrian Empire into the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary. He ruled peacefully for the next 45 years, but personally suffered the tragedies of the execution of his brother, the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico in 1867, the suicide of his only son and heir-apparent, Crown Prince Rudolf, in 1889, the assassination of his wife, Empress Elisabeth (\"Sisi\"), in 1898, and the assassination of his nephew and heir-presumptive, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in 1914.\nAfter the Austro-Prussian War, Austria-Hungary turned its attention to the Balkans, which was a hotspot of international tension because of conflicting interests with the Russian Empire. The Bosnian Crisis was a result of Franz Josef's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908, which had been occupied by his troops since the Congress of Berlin (1878).\nOn 28 June 1914, the assassination of his nephew and heir-presumptive, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo resulted in Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against the Kingdom of Serbia, which was an ally of the Russian Empire. That activated a system of alliances which resulted in World War I.\nFranz Josef died on 21 November 1916, after ruling his domains for almost 68 years as one of the longest-reigning monarchs in modern history. He was succeeded by his grandnephew Charles.", "Q208175": "Novodevichy Cemetery (Russian: \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447\u044c\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435, lit. 'Novodevichye kladbishche') is a famous cemetery in Moscow. It lies next to the southern wall of the 16th-century Novodevichy Convent, which is the city's third most popular tourist site.", "Q85561": "Ulrich Stockmann (born 1 January 1951 in Oebisfelde) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2009. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Socialist Group.\nIn parliament, Stockmann served on the Committee on Transport and Tourism. He was also a substitute for the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, a member of the Delegation for relations with Israel and a substitute for the Delegation to the EU-Chile Joint Parliamentary Committee.", "Q472482": "Brian Howe is an American actor known for his portrayal of stockbroker Jay Twistle in the film The Pursuit of Happyness.His other films include K-PAX, The Majestic, Catch Me If You Can, RV, D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu, Return to Me, Evan Almighty, Gran Torino (as Steve Kowalski) and Annabelle. Howe has appeared in guest roles in a number of television series, including Crossing Jordan, Criminal Minds, Judging Amy, The Unit, Without a Trace, Boston Legal, Lie to Me, Charmed, and was a regular on Journeyman as the newspaper editor until the cancellation of the show by NBC on December 2007 due to low ratings. More recently, he has had recurring roles on Nikita, Justified and Westworld.\nHowe is part of the stock company formed by filmmaker Larry Blamire, and has played Dr. Roger Fleming, the evil scientist who awakens the skeleton, in the 2004 science-fiction spoof The Lost Skeleton of Cadavra, his twin brother Peter Fleming in its sequel, The Lost Skeleton Returns Again, the dim but heroic sailor Big Dan Frater in Trail of the Screaming Forehead, and the foppish Englishman Burling Famish Jr. in Dark and Stormy Night", "Q172107": "The Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth \u2013 formally, the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and, after 1791, the Commonwealth of Poland \u2013 was a dual state, a bi-confederation of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- to 17th-century Europe. At its largest territorial extent, in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth covered almost 1,000,000 square kilometres (400,000 sq mi) and sustained a multi-ethnic population of 11 million. Polish and Latin were the two co-official languages. \nThe Commonwealth was established by the Union of Lublin in July 1569, but the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania had been in a de facto personal union since 1386 with the marriage of the Polish queen Hedwig and Lithuania's Grand Duke Jogaila, who was crowned King jure uxoris W\u0142adys\u0142aw II Jagie\u0142\u0142o of Poland. The First Partition of Poland in 1772 and the Second Partition of Poland in 1793 greatly reduced the state's size and the Commonwealth collapsed as an independent state following the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.\nThe Union possessed many features unique among contemporary states. Its political system was characterized by strict checks upon monarchical power. These checks were enacted by a legislature (sejm) controlled by the nobility (szlachta). This idiosyncratic system was a precursor to modern concepts of democracy, constitutional monarchy, and federation. Although the two component states of the Commonwealth were formally equal, Poland was the dominant partner in the union.The Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth was marked by high levels of ethnic diversity and by relative religious tolerance, guaranteed by the Warsaw Confederation Act 1573; however, the degree of religious freedom varied over time. The Constitution of 1791 acknowledged Catholicism as the \"dominant religion\", unlike the Warsaw Confederation, but freedom of religion was still granted with it.After several decades of prosperity, it entered a period of protracted political, military and economic decline. Its growing weakness led to its partitioning among its neighbors (Austria, Prussia and the Russian Empire) during the late 18th century. Shortly before its demise, the Commonwealth adopted a massive reform effort and enacted the May 3 Constitution \u2013 the first codified constitution in modern European history and the second in modern world history (after the United States Constitution).", "Q828305": "Skate punk (also known as skatecore and skate rock) is both a skater subculture and a subgenre of punk rock music. Originally a genre of hardcore punk closely associated with skate culture, skate punk changed into a more melodic genre of punk rock in the 1990s. Since the 1990s, skate punk has been a genre that features fast tempos, lead guitar playing (including guitar riffs and guitar solos), fast drumming, and singing (sometimes including vocal harmonies). Featuring the fast tempos of hardcore punk and melodic hardcore, skate punk occasionally combines these with the catchy hooks of pop punk. Skate videos have traditionally featured this fast style of punk rock. This played a big part in the coining of the term \"skate punk\".\n1970s and early 1980s punk rock bands like Buzzcocks, Descendents, Adolescents, Black Flag, and Circle Jerks paved the way for skate punk. Skate punk was pioneered in the 1980s by bands such as the Big Boys, Suicidal Tendencies, and JFA. A lot of early skate punk bands are part of the hardcore punk movement nardcore, which emerged in Oxnard, California. In the 1990s, skate punk changed into a more melodic punk rock genre with bands like NOFX, Lagwagon, Pennywise, Face to Face, and No Use for a Name. Skate punk broke into the mainstream during the 1990s with bands such as the Offspring and Blink-182. Skate punk's popularity continued in the early 2000s with bands such as Sum 41. During the 2010s, newer skate punk bands such as Trash Boat, Cerebral Ballzy, and Trash Talk, achieved underground to moderate success in the using the influence of previous skate punk bands.", "Q57427": "Michel Suleiman (Arabic: \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200e Arabic pronunciation: [mi\u02d0\u0283a\u02d0l sule\u02d0ma\u02d0n]; born 21 November 1948) served as President of Lebanon from 2008 to 2014. Before becoming President, he served as Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces from 1998 to 2008.After Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) commander \u00c9mile Lahoud took office as President in November 1998, Suleiman succeeded him, taking his place in December. Suleiman was later elected President and was sworn into office on 25 May 2008.", "Q97165": "Wilhelm Karpenstein (born 24 May 1903 in Frankfurt am Main \u2013 died 2 May 1968 in Lauterbach, Hesse) was a German Nazi Party politician. He served as Gauleiter of Pomerania during the early days of the Third Reich.\nKarpenstein was elected to the Reichstag in the 1930 election and served as a Nazi Party deputy until the end of the Second World War. He was appointed the party's Gauleiter in Pomerania in 1931.Immediately after the Nazis came to power a significant amount of autonomy lay with the gauleiters and their radicalism threatened to disrupt the relationship between Adolf Hitler and the middle classes that had helped to ensure his election. Karpenstein was one of the few who did not offer this problem as he was conservative and pro-middle class. Nevertheless, he did not miss the opportunity to increase his personal power in the early days of Nazism and sought to make all of the churches, government officials and media outlets in Pomerania answerable to him directly.Karpenstein however, despite not holding left-wing economic ideas, was too weak to control the dissident sentiments emerging from the Sturmabteilung in Pomerania, which was one of their power bases. As a result, Karpenstein was one of those to be purged during the Night of the Long Knives, although his lack of direct involvement with the SA meant that he was not killed but rather sacked in favour of Franz Schwede-Coburg. Ostensibly however Karpenstein was dismissed for his supposed links to Gregor Strasser and his failure to work with Hermann G\u00f6ring.", "Q1766138": "Robert Joles (born July 16, 1959, in Glendora, California) is an American voice actor and musician.", "Q43452": "The Autonomous University of Barcelona, also known as UAB (Catalan: Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona; IPA: [uni\u03b2\u0259\u027esi\u02c8tat \u0259w\u02c8t\u0254num\u0259 \u00f0\u0259 \u03b2\u0259\u027es\u0259\u02c8lon\u0259], Spanish: Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona), is a public university mostly located in Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s, near the city of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain.\nAs of 2012, the university consists of 57 departments in the experimental, life, social and human sciences, spread among 13 faculties/schools. All these centers together award a total of 85 qualifications in the form of first degrees, diplomas, and engineering degrees. Moreover, almost 80 doctoral programs, and more than 80 other postgraduate programs are offered. UAB has more than 40,000 students and more than 3,600 academic and research staff. UAB is a pioneering institution in terms of fostering research. There are many research institutes in the campus, as well as other research centers, technical support services, and service-providing laboratories, and the ALBA (synchrotron) located in the Barcelona Synchrotron Park is very close to UAB.\nUAB is the second best university in Spain, after the University of Barcelona, located in the same city, according to the 2020 QS World University Rankings, which ranked the university 176th overall in the world. Its subject rankings were: 144th in Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 92nd in Arts & Humanities, 106th in Natural Sciences, 95th in Social Sciences and 203rd in Engineering & IT.\n\n", "Q461398": "Emilio Rodr\u00edguez Zapico (27 May 1944 in Le\u00f3n, Castile and Le\u00f3n, Spain \u2013 6 August 1996 in Huete, Castile-La Mancha, Spain), was a Spanish racing driver. He entered one Formula One Grand Prix, the 1976 Spanish Grand Prix, with the then-struggling Williams team, but failed to qualify. The Williams FW04 that Zapico used was already a year old, and it was later used by Brian McGuire.\nHe later returned to Touring Cars in the 1980s before retiring. Zapico was killed in an aircraft accident, piloting his ultralight in Huete, Spain, on 6 August 1996.\n\n", "Q176361": "Jeffrey Hunter (born Henry Herman \"Hank\" McKinnies Jr.; November 25, 1926 \u2013 May 27, 1969) was an American film and television actor and producer known for his roles in films such as The Searchers and King of Kings. On television, Hunter was known for his 1965 role as Capt. Christopher Pike in the original pilot episode of Star Trek and the later use of that footage in \"The Menagerie\".", "Q773042": "Jean-Paul Dubois (born 1950 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne) is a French journalist and author. He won the Prix Goncourt in 2019 for Tous les hommes n'habitent pas le monde de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on (\"All Men Do Not Inhabit This World in the Same Way\"), a novel told from the perspective of a prisoner looking back on life. The jury compared Dubois to John Irving and William Boyd, who wrote books that were both popular and critical successes. He is the author of several novels and travel pieces, and is a reporter for Le Nouvel Observateur. His novel, Une vie fran\u00e7aise, published in French in 2004 and in English in 2007, is a saga of the French baby boom generation, from the idealism of the 1960s to the consumerism of the 1990s. The French version of the novel won the Prix Femina.", "Q478811": "The Communist Party of Spain (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Espa\u00f1a; PCE) is a Marxist-Leninist party that, since 1986, has been part of the United Left coalition.\nThe PCE was founded by 1921, after a split in the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Spanish: Partido Socialista Obrero Espa\u00f1ol; PSOE). The PCE was founded by those who opposed the social democratic wing of the PSOE, because it did not support the PSOE's integration in the Communist International founded by Vladimir Lenin two years prior. The PCE was a merger of the Spanish Communist Party (Spanish: Partido Comunista Espa\u00f1ol)and the Spanish Communist Workers' Party (Spanish: Partido Comunista Obrero Espa\u00f1ol). The PCE was first legalized after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in April 1931. The republic was the first democratic regime in the history of Spain. The PCE gained a lot of support in the months before the Spanish coup of July 1936, which marked the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, and it was a major force during the war as well. The Republicans lost and Franco established a Fascist dictatorship, under which the PCE was one of the most heavily repressed parties, with specific laws banning communist parties, among others.\nUnder the dictatorship, the PCE was the main opposition to the Francoist dictatorship. At the time, the Communist Party of Spain defended the restoration of a democratic republic, attracting many left-leaning Spaniards who were not necessarily communists themselves. In the early years of the dictatorship, many PCE members joined the Spanish Maquis, a group of guerillas who fought against the regime. Years later, the Maquis' power declined, and the PCE abandoned the military strategy. Instead, it chose to interfere in the only legal syndicate (which was part of the Francoist apparatus), the Vertical Syndicate. A lot of workers clandestinely joined the PCE, who were not necessarily communists themselves, but saw the PCE as the only party who could restore democracy in Spain.\nFranco died on 20 November 1975, and two days later, Juan Carlos I was crowned. Juan Carlos I would lead the Spanish transition to democracy, a time when the PCE became also extremely relevant, due to Franco's anti-communist legacy. Prime Minister Adolfo Su\u00e1rez legalized the PCE on 9 April 1977, a decision which was particularly controversial, but ended peacefully. The PCE largely contributed to the restoration of democracy in Spain during the lead of Secretary-General Santiago Carrillo.Since 1986, it is part of the United Left coalition. In its statutes, the PCE defines its goals as \"democratically participate in a revolutionary transformation of society and its political structures, overcoming the capitalist system and constructing socialism in the Spanish State, as a contribution to the transition to socialism worldwide, with our goals set in the realization of the emancipating ideal of communism\". It defines itself as revolutionary, internationalist, solidary, republican, feminist, and secularist, specifically, of the la\u00efcit\u00e9 variety.\nThe youth organization of PCE is the Communist Youth Union of Spain. PCE publishes Mundo Obrero (Workers World) monthly.", "Q166172": "Dionysios Solomos (; Greek: \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a3\u03bf\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 [\u00f0i.oni\u02c8sios solo\u02c8mos]; 8 April 1798 \u2013 9 February 1857) was a Greek poet from Zakynthos, but his grandfather was from Candia (Heraklion) and moved to Zakynthos after the conquest by the Othomans in 1669. He is best known for writing the Hymn to Liberty (Greek: \u1f5d\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u1f18\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd, \u00ddmnos eis t\u012bn Eleuther\u00edan), of which the first two stanzas, set to music by Nikolaos Mantzaros, became the Greek and Cypriot national anthem in 1865. He was the central figure of the Heptanese School of poetry, and is considered the national poet of Greece\u2014not only because he wrote the national anthem, but also because he contributed to the preservation of earlier poetic tradition and highlighted its usefulness to modern literature. Other notable poems include \u1f49 \u039a\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 (The Cretan), \u1f18\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03ba\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 (The Free Besieged) and others. A characteristic of his work is that no poem except the Hymn to Liberty was completed, and almost nothing was published during his lifetime.\n\n", "Q108873": "Gruschenka Stevens (born Grace Simon, July 16, 1974 in Cologne, Germany) is a German actress and singer.\nAt the age of six, she played a role in the film \"An afternoon in Cologne\" and had, shortly after a guest appearance on the popular children's show \"The TV-Show with the Mouse\". At age 11, she acted in a play at the Schauspielhaus in Cologne and went with 17 years to New York where she took acting classes at the studios of Herbert Berghoff & Uta Hagen. She then attended the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute in NYC, London, and Los Angeles where she promptly received her first role in a Canadian-German soap opera.\nIn the movies Nobody loves me by Doris D\u00f6rrie and Full normaaal 1994 Gruschenka received first small roles in German film. In 1995, she was widely noticed as she enacted, under the direction of Ralf Huettner, a hospital switchboard operator in The cold finger.\nIn 1999, she embodied a singer in Sherry Horman's Widows and an overwhelmed, struggling mother in Get away from here directed by Franziska Buch, which for this film was awarded the Max Oph\u00fcls Prize. In 2001, once again directed by Huettner she acted in the film adaptation of the bestseller book by Ildiko von K\u00fcrthy Moonlight Tariff on the side of Jasmin Tabatabai. In the popular movie Moonlight Tariff she played a very urban and very confused woman, in her late twenties, who after many romantic misunderstandings, still gets to have her \u2018Mr.Right\u2018in the end. After that she paired up with director Vivian Naefe with whom she created 2 TV movies in a row To be crazy is normal a musical-tragic-comedy on the side of Dieter Pfaff and the black humour comedy Men piece-by-piece.\nWith the invitation of EMI Publishing USA, Gruschenka Stevens moved to NYC, to collaborate with several songwriters in NYC and Nashville developing her singing career. In 2004, she returned to Germany to undergo full-time studies in singing and composition which she completed in 2008. Since then Gruschenka Stevens is working as a singer/songwriter under her maiden name Grace Simon. She performed on the 25th anniversary of Greenpeace, on the opening of the Design fair in the Women's Museum, Bonn and for a big German newspaper, the Cologne Stadt-Anzeiger. Currently she is working on her debut CD. Parallel to her music career, Gruschenka Stevens continues to work as an actress.\n\n", "Q116495": "Daniel Baud-Bovy ( 3 April 1870, Geneva \u2013 19 June 1958, Geneva ) was a Swiss writer and art historian", "Q638241": "Arcturus is a Norwegian avant-garde black metal band formed in 1991. Their name, which means \"Bear Guardian\", references the Behenian fixed star Arcturus.", "Q1034": "Biel/Bienne (official bilingual wording; German: [bi\u02d0l], French: [bj\u025bn]; Italian: Bienna; Romansh: Bienna; Latin: Belna) is a town and a municipality in the Biel/Bienne administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nBiel/Bienne lies on the language boundary between the French-speaking and German-speaking parts of Switzerland, and is bilingual throughout. Biel is the German name for the town, Bienne its French counterpart. The town is often referred to in both languages simultaneously. Since 1 January 2005, the official name has been \"Biel/Bienne\". Until then, the town was officially named Biel.The town lies at the foot of the first mountain range of the Jura Mountains area, guarding the only practical connection to Jura, on the northeastern shores of Lake Biel (Bielersee, Lac de Bienne), sharing the eastern tip of the lake with its sister town, Nidau. The towns Neuch\u00e2tel, Solothurn, and Bern (the capital of Switzerland) lie southwest, northeast and southeast of Biel/Bienne. They all can be reached within about 30 minutes by train or car.\nIn 2012, Biel/Bienne had about 55,000 inhabitants, and together with the surrounding district almost 106,000. The town has been an industrial and watchmaking heart of Switzerland since the 19th century.\n\n", "Q183698": "Ivan V Alekseyevich (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d V \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447, 6 September [O.S. 27 August] 1666 \u2013 8 February [O.S. 29 January] 1696) was a joint Tsar of Russia (with his younger half-brother Peter I) who co-reigned between 1682 and 1696. Ivan was the youngest son of Alexis I of Russia by his first wife, Maria Miloslavskaya, while Peter was the only son of Alexis by his second wife, Natalya Naryshkina. Ivan's reign was solely titular because he had serious physical and mental disabilities.\n\n", "Q1162105": "The Company is a three-part serial about the activities of the CIA during the Cold War. It was based on the best-selling novel of the same name by Robert Littell. The teleplay adaptation was written by Ken Nolan, who received a Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Long Form \u2013 Adapted.", "Q245075": "Dev Patel (; born 23 April 1990) is a British actor. Patel made his screen debut as Anwar Kharral in the first two seasons of the British television teen drama Skins (2007\u20132008), landing the role with no prior professional acting experience. His breakthrough came in 2008 with the leading role of Jamal Malik in Danny Boyle's drama Slumdog Millionaire, for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor.\nPatel went on to star in the commercially successful romantic comedy The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2012) and its 2015 sequel, the science fiction film Chappie (2015), and the HBO drama series The Newsroom (2012\u20132014). In 2015, Patel starred as the mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan in the biopic The Man Who Knew Infinity, and the following year he played Saroo Brierley in the drama Lion (2016). For the latter, he won the BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q1398763": "Gerald Conway (born 11 September 1947) is an English folk and rock drummer/percussionist, best known for having performed with the backing band for Cat Stevens in the 1970s, Jethro Tull during the 1980s, and currently a member of Fairport Convention as well as his side projects. Conway has done a considerable amount of work as a session musician.", "Q117953": "Ahmed Huber (1927 \u2013 15 May 2008) was a Swiss German journalist, and a convert to Islam, who was active in both Islamist and Far Right politics. He gained international notoriety in 2001 when he was accused by the United States government of funding Al Qaeda's terrorist activities through the Al Taqwa Bank, of which he was one of five managers.\nBorn Albert Friedrich Armand Huber in Fribourg, Huber was raised in a staunchly Protestant family.A member of the Swiss Socialist Party, Huber was a strong supporter of Algerian independence during the Algerian War and, whilst covering the conflict as a journalist, he opened contact with rebel groups. Through this connection he became interested in Islam and embraced the religion. He recited his first public Shahada in Geneva's Islamic Centre before making a more public declaration at Al-Azhar University in February 1962.Returning to Switzerland, he made contact with Fran\u00e7ois Genoud and his association with the rightist financier in anti-Israeli activities saw him expelled from the Socialist Party. He soon became involved in extreme right politics, spending much of his time in Germany, where he was close to the National Democratic Party of Germany and smaller neo-Nazi groups, regularly speaking at conferences and seminars. An outspoken admirer of Ayatollah Khomeini, he declared the Iranian leader to be the \"living continuation of Adolf Hitler\" as part of his attempts to link the European far right to radical Islamism.Having forged links with the Muslim Brotherhood, Huber became involved in the Al Taqwa Bank in Switzerland. In this role he was listed by United States intelligence as a funder of terrorism in November 2001.He was a figure in Holocaust denial, providing funding to J\u00fcrgen Graf and Ahmed Rami and maintaining close links with the Institute for Historical Review, being involved in their ultimately failed attempt to host an international Holocaust Denial Conference in Lebanon in 2001.", "Q55230": "Emeric Pressburger (5 December 1902 \u2013 5 February 1988) was a Hungarian British screenwriter, film director, and producer. He is best known for his series of film collaborations with Michael Powell, in a collaboration partnership known as the Archers, and produced a series of films, including 49th Parallel (1941), The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943), A Matter of Life and Death (US: Stairway to Heaven, 1946), Black Narcissus (1947), The Red Shoes (1948), and The Tales of Hoffmann (1951).", "Q310048": "Donald Richard DeLillo (born November 20, 1936) is an American novelist, short story writer, playwright, screenwriter and essayist. His works have covered subjects as diverse as television, nuclear war, sports, the complexities of language, performance art, the Cold War, mathematics, the advent of the digital age, politics, economics, and global terrorism.\nInitially he was a well-regarded cult writer; however, the publication in 1985 of White Noise brought him widespread recognition, and won him the National Book Award for fiction. It was followed in 1988 by Libra, a bestseller. DeLillo has twice been a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction finalist (for Mao II in 1992 and for Underworld in 1998), won the PEN/Faulkner Award for Mao II in 1992 (receiving a further PEN/Faulkner Award nomination for The Angel Esmeralda in 2012), was granted the PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction in 2010, and won the Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction in 2013.DeLillo has described his fiction as being concerned with \"living in dangerous times\", and in a 2005 interview declared, \"Writers must oppose systems. It's important to write against power, corporations, the state, and the whole system of consumption and of debilitating entertainments [...] I think writers, by nature, must oppose things, oppose whatever power tries to impose on us.\"", "Q582981": "Jeffrey Haynes (born December 28, 1977), better known by his stage name Mr. Lif, is an American hip hop artist from Boston, Massachusetts. Often noted for his political lyrics, he has released two studio albums on Definitive Jux and one on Bloodbot Tactical Enterprises. Mr. Lif is also a member of the hip hop group The Perceptionists with long-time friends and collaborators Akrobatik and DJ Fakts One.", "Q10744": "Borna (German pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u0254\u0250\u032fna\u02d0]) is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, capital of the Leipzig district. It is situated approximately 30 km southeast of Leipzig city. It has approx. 22,000 inhabitants. The town is the county seat of Leipzig County.", "Q68827": "Bogno is a former municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Certara, Cimadera, Valcolla and Sonvico merged into the municipality of Lugano.", "Q388991": "\u015eerif G\u00f6ren (Greek: \u03a3\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c6 \u0393\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd, romanized: Ser\u00edf Gkior\u00e9n, born 1944 in Xanthi, Greece) is a Turkish film director. Aside from important movies under his own signature, he is also the winner of the Palme d'Or (\"Golden Palm\") award in Cannes Film Festival in 1982 for the film Yol, which he had directed on behalf of Y\u0131lmaz G\u00fcney, who at the time was serving a prison sentence for the murder of Yumurtal\u0131k judge Sefa Mutlu.G\u00f6ren started his film career as an editor, and then continued as an assistant director to Y\u0131lmaz G\u00fcney. He and G\u00fcney started directing \"Endi\u015fe\" (The Anxiety) in 1974, in the beginning of which G\u00fcney was arrested and sent to prison. G\u00f6ren continued directing Endi\u015fe, which makes Endi\u015fe as the first film directed mainly by him. Endi\u015fe was a successful movie which won six awards at the12th Antalya Film Festival in 1975 including Best National Film and Best National Director. He directed more than thirty films in a decade. His activities also brought some trouble. As he served as the chairman of the Film Directors Association during 1979-1980, he got arrested in the aftermath of the 1980 military coup. After his release he started directing Yol in 1981.", "Q77907": "Moritz Friedrich, better known by his stage name Siriusmo, is a German, Berlin-based record producer who was initially influenced by Squarepusher. His tracks can be broadly defined as electronic, and are formulated with a variety of samples.\n\n", "Q49631": "David Nathan Alward (born December 2, 1959) is a Canadian politician, who served as the 32nd Premier of New Brunswick, 2010 to 2014.\nAlward has been a member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick since 1999 and has been the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick. His party was defeated on September 22, 2014, and Alward resigned as Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick leader on September 23, 2014. On April 24, 2015 Alward was named Canadian consul general in Boston.", "Q92035": "Werner Villinger (9 October 1887 in Besigheim \u2013 8 August 1961 near Innsbruck) was a Nazi German psychiatrist, neurologist, eugenicist and the leading physician at the Bethel Institution (\"Anstalt Bethel\"). Villinger's specialities included juvenile delinquency, child guidance and group therapy. He was a Professor of Psychiatry at the Philipps University of Marburg and a leading member of the World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH).\nUnder the Germany's Nazi regime of the 1930s and '40s, Villinger acted as an expert in the government's T-4 Euthanasia Program.\nOn Social Welfare Education Day 1934, Villinger gave a speech on sterilization and described the reaction, fears and resistance of the boys involved.\nVillinger attended the U.S. White House Conference on Children and Youth. In 1951, he became co-chairman of the WFMH Health and Human Relations Conference at Hiddesen-near-Detmold. In 1952, he was a member of a WFMH group on Educating the Public whose Annual Conference met in Brussels. In 1952, he was elected president of the German Association for Child and Youth Psychiatry, and in 1954 became the head of the medical department of Philipps University of Marburg.\nIn 1961, the German Federal Authorities announced their intent to try Villinger for his actions under the Nazi regime, but before he was brought to trial Villinger threw himself to his death off a mountain top near Innsbruck.", "Q145783": "Andr\u00e9s Monta\u00f1ez Rodr\u00edguez (born May 7, 1942), better known as Andy Monta\u00f1ez, is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter.", "Q315118": "Marton Paul Csokas (; born 30 June 1966) is a New Zealand actor who has appeared in films and on television. His notable roles include Yorgi in XXX (2002), Guy de Lusignan in Kingdom of Heaven (2005), Trevor Goodchild in \u00c6on Flux (2005), Hora in Romulus, My Father (2007), Nico in Dead Europe (2012), Jack Barts in Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter (2012), Lieutenant Barnes in Pawn (2013), Nicolai Itchenko in The Equalizer (2014), and Quinn in the U.S. television series Into the Badlands.", "Q4808432": "Olav Selvaag (17 December 1912 \u2013 14 January 2002) was a Norwegian engineer and residential contractor, known for his innovative approach to designing and building affordable housing during the later half of the Twentieth Century. He was largely responsible for the post\u2013World War II development of the neighborhoods Veitvet and Vestli at Groruddalen and Rykkinn at B\u00e6rum in Oslo, Norway.", "Q924265": "Aarhus University (Danish: Aarhus Universitet, abbreviated AU) is the largest and second oldest research university in Denmark. The University is ranked among the top 100 world's best universities, belongs to the Coimbra Group, the Guild, and Utrecht Network of European universities and is a member of the European University Association.The university was founded in Aarhus, Denmark, in 1928 and comprises five faculties in Arts, Natural Sciences, Technical Sciences, Health, and Business and Social Sciences and has a total of twenty-seven departments. It is home to over thirty internationally recognised research centres, including fifteen Centres of Excellence funded by the Danish National Research Foundation. The business school within Aarhus University, called Aarhus BSS, holds the EFMD (European Foundation for Management Development) Equis accreditation, the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) and the Association of MBAs (AMBA). This makes the business school of Aarhus University one of the few in the world to hold the so-called Triple Crown accreditation. Times Higher Education ranks Aarhus University in the top 10 of the most beautiful universities in Europe (2018).The university's alumni include Bjarne Stroustrup, the inventor of programming language C++, Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark, and Anders Fogh Rasmussen, former Prime Minister of Denmark and a Secretary General of NATO. \nNobel Laureate Jens Christian Skou (Chemistry, 1997), conducted his groundbreaking work on the Na/K-ATPase in Aarhus and remained employed at the university until his retirement. \nTwo other nobel laureates: Trygve Haavelmo (Economics, 1989) and Dale T. Mortensen (Economics, 2010). were affiliated with the university.", "Q1679742": "Jaleel Shaw (born February 11, 1978 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American jazz alto saxophonist.", "Q1073752": "The Hungarian Working People's Party (Hungarian: Magyar Dolgoz\u00f3k P\u00e1rtja, MDP) was the ruling communist party of Hungary from 1948 to 1956. It was formed by a merger of the Hungarian Communist Party (MKP) and the Hungarian Social Democratic Party. Ostensibly a union of equals, the merger had actually occurred as a result of massive pressure brought to bear on the Social Democrats by both the Hungarian Communists, as well as the Soviet Union. The few independent-minded Social Democrats who had not been sidelined by Communist salami tactics were pushed out in short order after the merger, leaving the party as essentially the MKP under a new name.\nIts leader was M\u00e1ty\u00e1s R\u00e1kosi until 1956, then Ern\u0151 Ger\u0151 in the same year for three months, and eventually J\u00e1nos K\u00e1d\u00e1r until the party's dissolution. Other minor legal Hungarian political parties were allowed to continue as independent coalition parties until late 1949, but were completely subservient to the MDP.\nDuring the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, the party was reorganised into the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP) by a circle of communists around K\u00e1d\u00e1r and Imre Nagy. The new government of Nagy declared to assess the uprising not as counter-revolutionary but as a \"great, national and democratic event\" and to dissolve State Security Police (\u00c1VH). Hungary's declaration to become neutral and to exit the Warsaw Pact, caused the second Soviet intervention on 4 November 1956.\nAfter 8 November 1956, the MSZMP, under K\u00e1d\u00e1r's leadership, fully supported the Soviet Union.", "Q164995": "Enrico Berlinguer (Italian: [en\u02c8ri\u02d0ko berli\u014b\u02c8\u0261w\u025br] (listen); 15 May 1922 \u2013 11 June 1984) was an Italian politician.\nConsidered the most popular leader of the Italian Communist Party (Partito Comunista Italiano or PCI), which he led as the national secretary from 1972 until his death during a tense period in Italy's history, marked by the Years of lead and social conflicts such as the Hot Autumn of 1969\u20131970. He distanced the party from the influence of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and pursued a moderate line, repositioning the party within Italian politics and advocating accommodation and national unity. This strategy came to be termed Eurocommunism and he was seen as its main spokesperson. It would come to be adopted by Western Europe's other significant communist parties, in Spain, Portugal and later France, its significance as a political force cemented by a 1977 meeting in Madrid between Berlinguer, Georges Marchais and Santiago Carrillo. Berlinguer himself described his \"alternative\" model of socialism, distinct from both the Soviet bloc and the capitalism practiced by Western countries during the Cold War, as the terza via or \"third way\", although his usage of the term has no relation to the more centrist Third Way practiced by subsequent Prime Ministers Romano Prodi and Matteo Renzi.\nUnder Berlinguer, the PCI reached the height of its success, winning significant victories in the regional and local elections of 1975 and 34% of the vote in the 1976 general election, its highest share of the vote and number of seats. With these gains, he negotiated the Historic Compromise with the Christian Democrats, lending support to their government in exchange for consultation on policy decisions and social reforms. He took a firm stand against terrorism after the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro and used the PCI's influence to steer Italian labour unions towards moderating wage demands to cope with the country's severe inflation rate after the 1973 oil crisis. However, these stands were not reciprocated with sufficient concessions from Giulio Andreotti's government, leading the PCI to leave the coalition in 1979. The combination of austerity advocacy, hard line against the Red Brigades and attempts at an accommodation with the DC affected the PCI's vote at the 1979 election and the Compromise was ultimately ended in 1980. The PCI remained in national opposition for the rest of Berlinguer's tenure, retaining a solid core of support at the 1979 and 1983 elections, but its main strength from that point would remain at the regional and local level.Berlinguer had an austere and modest but charismatic personality and despite the difficulties that confronted the PCI during the historic compromise, he remained a popular politician, respected for his principles, conviction and bold stands. He characterised the PCI as an honest party in Italy's corruption-ravaged politics, an image that preserved the party's reputation during the Mani pulite corruption scandals. He was characterised by Patrick McCarthy as \"the last great communist leader in Western Europe\" and remains identified with the causes of Eurocommunism, opposition to Soviet repression in Eastern Europe and democratic change in Italy. He was an atheist.", "Q128553": "Avril Phaedra Douglas \"Kim\" Campbell (born March 10, 1947) is a Canadian politician, diplomat, lawyer and writer who served as the 19th prime minister of Canada from June 25, 1993, to November 4, 1993. Campbell is the first and only woman to hold the position.\nCampbell was also the first baby boomer to hold that office, and the only Prime Minister born in British Columbia. She is Canada's third-shortest serving Prime Minister at 132 days in office. She is currently the chairperson for Canada's Supreme Court Advisory Board.\n\n", "Q108683": "Franz Rauch (1878\u20131960) was a German screenwriter and actor. He worked on over forty films during his career and appeared in several roles as an actor.", "Q129895": "Marnie is a 1964 American psychological thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The screenplay by Jay Presson Allen was based on the 1961 novel of the same name by Winston Graham. The film stars Tippi Hedren and Sean Connery.\nThe music was composed by Bernard Herrmann, his last of seven critically acclaimed film scores for Hitchcock. Marnie also marked the end of Hitchcock's collaborations with cinematographer Robert Burks (his 12th film for Hitchcock) and editor George Tomasini (who died later in the year).", "Q53669": "Pepi, Luci, Bom y otras chicas del mont\u00f3n (Pepi, Luci, Bom and Other Average Girls, or Pepi, Luci, Bom and Other Girls Like Mom) is a 1980 Spanish film, a campy comedy, written and directed by Pedro Almod\u00f3var. Starring Carmen Maura, Alaska, and Eva Siva, the plot follows the wild adventures of three friends: Pepi, an independent modern woman; Luci, a mousy, masochistic housewife; and Bom, a lesbian punk rock singer.\nPepi, Luci, Bom is Almod\u00f3var's first feature film. It was shot in 16mm and blown up to 35mm for its theatrical release. It became a cult film, emblematic of La Movida Madrile\u00f1a, a period characterized by a sense of cultural and sexual freedom.", "Q960427": "Edmar John Mednis (Latvian: Edm\u0101rs D\u017eons Mednis; March 22, 1937 \u2013 February 13, 2002) was an American chess player and writer of Latvian origin. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1980.", "Q242732": "Cathy Moriarty (born November 29, 1960) is an American actress and singer whose career spans over 30 years. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Raging Bull (1980). She also starred in films, including Neighbors, White of the Eye, Soapdish, Casper, Analyze That, and The Bounty Hunter. She starred in television roles, such as Tales from the Crypt (in which she won a CableACE Award for Best Actress in a Dramatic Series), Law & Order, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, and Law & Order: Criminal Intent.", "Q3241653": "Lino Zanussi (Pordenone, February 15, 1920 - San Sebasti\u00e1n, June 18, 1968) was an Italian businessman and appliance manufacturer.", "Q938894": "Severino Gazzelloni (January 5, 1919 \u2013 November 21, 1992), was an Italian flutist.", "Q299136": "Amrita Rao is an Indian film actress and model. She has appeared as the leading lady in several Hindi films of Bollywood and one movie in Telugu. Rao was born and raised in Mumbai; she made her screen debut in Ab Ke Baras (2002), for which she was nominated for the Filmfare Best Female Debut Award in 2003. One of her most popular roles was in the romance film Vivah (2006).Rao's roles in Welcome to Sajjanpur (2008) and Main Hoon Na (2004) earned her a Stardust Best Actress Award and a Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award nomination respectively. She has been called \"Bollywood's quintessential girl next-door\" by various media outlets. The Times of India named Rao one of its \"50 Most Desirable Women of 2011.\"\nLegendary Painter M. F. Husain pronounced Amrita Rao as his 2nd muse 11 years after he painted Madhuri Dixit and made several paintings dedicated to the Actresses role in Vivah", "Q1570906": "Jasun Wardlaw (January 25, 1973 \u2013 October 24, 2003) better known by his stage name Half a Mill, was a Brooklyn-based American rapper who was shot and killed in the Albany Projects in Brooklyn, New York on October 24, 2003. Jasun was considered an underground rapper in the early 1990s. He eventually had his breakthrough in 1997 when he appeared in an album called The Firm which includes a couple more artists like Nas, Nature, and Foxy Brown. Shortly after he realized that the album did not meet the expectations in terms of copies sold so the group decided to disband and start their own careers. After that point he appeared in a couple other songs including the song \"thug ones\" which was believed to help get his first steps into for his debut album.\nHalf a Mill is the subject of a full-length documentary Player Hating: A Love Story by filmmaker Maggie Hadleigh-West.", "Q286016": "Jacob Christian Hansen Ellehammer (June 14, 1871 \u2013 May 20, 1946) was a Danish watchmaker and inventor born in Bakkeb\u00f8lle, Denmark. He is remembered chiefly for his contributions to powered flight.\n\n Following the end of his apprenticeship as a watchmaker, he moved to Copenhagen where he worked as an electronics mechanic before establishing his own company in 1898. In the beginning he produced cigarette machines, beverage machines and other electronic machinery. In 1904 he produced his first motorcycle, the Elleham motorcycle. It's an oddity that the design of the Elleham motorcycle is of step-tru type with the engine situated beneath the seating, hence predating the Vespa Scooter with 40 years.\nIn 1903\u20131904 Jacob Ellehammer used his experience constructing motorcycles fitted with single-cylinder Peugeot Fr\u00e8res engines to build the world's first air-cooled radial engine, a three-cylinder engine by utilizing Peugeot Fr\u00e8res cylinders and -heads in a home-cast engine block.\nThe initial engine proved soon too weak and homemade cylinders with greater volume were fitted on an even bigger block which eventually brought him into the air.\nThe original engine wasn't abandoned but saved for later use, which eventually happened when he had a flirt with helicopters: The helicopter experiments are known and photographically documented, but late in the century a down-scaled model of his helicopter was found deep in storage and it had a relatively small three-cylinder radial engine fitted which is considered being reuse of his original engine, hence the first functioning radial engine still exists and is displayed at the technology museum of Elsinore (Helsing\u00f6r) where it is started up on a daily basis!\nThe know-how from the three-cylinder was used as the basis for a yet more powerful five-cylinder model in 1907. This was installed in his triplane and made a number of short free-flight hops as mentioned below.\n\nIn 1905, he constructed a monoplane, and in the following year a \"semi-biplane\". In this latter machine, he made a tethered flight on 12 September 1906. Ellehammer's later inventions included a successful triplane and helicopter. His helicopter was a coaxial machine. A famous photo shows it hovering in 1914, though there is no evidence that it was successful in achieving horizontal flight. Ellehammer later studied a disc-rotor configuration - a compound helicopter with coaxial blades that extended from the hub for hover, and retracted for high speed vertical flight. Although a wind tunnel model was constructed, there's no evidence that anything more was studied.\nThe initial experiments was done on a circular track attached to a central pole and constructed on a small island quite distant from Copenhagen where he lived by his workshop construction motorcycles and numerous devices. Once experiencing the first short lift offs he found time had come to move flight experiments close to Copenhagen. However with the workshop not located to the given 'airstrips' used he was forced to incorporate a folding wing for collapsing his second aircraft during transport out of town.\nAs the first design was quite kite-like with the pilot and engine hanging separately to balance the aircraft, Ellehammer invented the UL-type motorised hang glider and the detail of foldable wings was probably decades prior to any other as the contemporary aircraft was rigid boxkite like biplanes.\nIn 1986, Ellehammer was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.", "Q310060": "Crispin Hellion Glover (born April 20, 1964) is an American actor and director.\nGlover is known for portraying eccentric characters on screen, such as George McFly in Back to the Future (1985), Layne in River's Edge (1986), Bobby McBurney in What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993), the Thin Man in Charlie's Angels (2000) and its sequel (2003), Willard Stiles in Willard (2003), Grendel in Beowulf (2007), Phil Wedmaier in Hot Tub Time Machine (2010) and The Knave of Hearts in Alice in Wonderland (2010). Since 2017, he has played Mr. World in the Starz television series American Gods.\nIn the late 1980s, Glover started his company, Volcanic Eruptions, which publishes his books and also serves as the production company for Glover's films, such as What Is It? (2005) and It Is Fine! Everything Is Fine. (2007).\n\n", "Q55218": "Istv\u00e1n Szab\u00f3 (Hungarian: [\u02c8s\u0252bo\u02d0 \u02c8i\u0283tva\u02d0n]; born 18 February 1938) is a Hungarian film director, screenwriter, and opera director.\nSzab\u00f3 is the most internationally famous Hungarian filmmaker since the late 1960s. Working in the tradition of European auteurism, he has made films that represent many of the political and psychological conflicts of Central Europe's recent history, as well as of his own personal history. He made his first short film in 1959 as a student at the Hungarian Academy of Theatrical and Cinematic Arts, and his first feature film in 1964.\nHe achieved his greatest international success with Mephisto (1981), which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Since then, most of Szab\u00f3's films have been international co-productions filmed in a variety of languages and European locations. He has continued to make some films in Hungarian, however, and even in his international co-productions, he often films in Hungary and uses Hungarian talent. Szab\u00f3 became involved in a national controversy in 2006 when the Hungarian newspaper Life and Literature revealed that he had been an informant of the Communist regime's secret police.", "Q131002": "Harun al-Rashid (; Arabic: \u0647\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0634\u0650\u064a\u062f\u200e H\u0101r\u016bn Ar-Ra\u0161\u012bd; \"Aaron the Orthodox\" or \"Aaron the Rightly-Guided\", 17 March 763 or February 766 \u2013 24 March 809 (148\u2013193 Hijri)) was the fifth Abbasid Caliph. His birth date is debated, with various sources giving dates from 763 to 766. His epithet \"al-Rashid\" translates to \"the Orthodox\", \"the Just\", \"the Upright\", or \"the Rightly-Guided\". Al-Rashid ruled from 786 to 809, during the peak of the Islamic Golden Age. He established the legendary library Bayt al-Hikma (\"House of Wisdom\") in Baghdad in present-day Iraq, and during his rule Baghdad began to flourish as a center of knowledge, culture and trade. During his rule, the family of Barmakids, which played a deciding role in establishing the Abbasid Caliphate, declined gradually. In 796, he moved his court and government to Raqqa in present-day Syria.\nA Frankish mission came to offer Harun friendship in 799. Harun sent various presents with the emissaries on their return to Charlemagne's court, including a clock that Charlemagne and his retinue deemed to be a conjuration because of the sounds it emanated and the tricks it displayed every time an hour ticked. Portions of the fictional One Thousand and One Nights are set in Harun's court and some of its stories involve Harun himself. Harun's life and court have been the subject of many other tales, both factual and fictitious.\nSome of the Twelver sect of Shia Muslims blame Harun for his supposed role in the murder of their 7th Imam (Musa ibn Ja'far).", "Q214574": "Jan Josef Liefers (born 8 August 1964 in Dresden), is a German actor, producer, director and musician.\n\n", "Q382502": "Edward Crosby \"Ned\" Johnson III (born June 29, 1930) is an American billionaire investor and businessman who, along with daughter Abigail Johnson, owns and runs Fidelity Investments and Fidelity International.", "Q346540": "Michael Edward Lonsdale (born 24 May 1931), sometimes billed as Michel Lonsdale, is a British-French actor who has appeared in over 180 films and television shows. He is best known in the English-speaking world for his roles as the villain Hugo Drax in the 1979 James Bond film Moonraker, the detective Claude Lebel in The Day of the Jackal, and M. Dupont d'Ivry in The Remains of the Day.\n\n", "Q468394": "Nir Barkat (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05e8\u05b0\u05e7\u05b8\u05ea; born 19 October 1959) is an Israeli businessman and politician. He served as mayor of Jerusalem between the years 2008-2018. During his tenure, Barkat has \"embraced new data-driven tools in hopes of improving life for all of his constituents\", working to enhance culture, promote tourism, address social welfare issues, encourage the development of local high-tech, and provide opportunities for the ultra-Orthodox and Arab communities in Jerusalem.", "Q167522": "Baltasar Korm\u00e1kur Samper (born 27 February 1966) is an Icelandic actor, theater and film director, and film producer. He is best known for directing the films 101 Reykjav\u00edk, The Sea, A Little Trip to Heaven (starring Julia Stiles and Forest Whitaker), a film based on the book Jar City by Arnaldur Indri\u00f0ason, Contraband, 2 Guns (starring Mark Wahlberg and Denzel Washington) and Everest.", "Q533384": "The Reformist Movement (French: Mouvement R\u00e9formateur, MR) is a liberal French-speaking political party in Belgium. The party is in coalition as part of the Michel Government since October 2014, providing the current Prime Minister of Belgium Sophie Wilm\u00e8s. After the 2007 general election the MR was the largest Francophone political formation in Belgium, a position that was regained by the Socialist Party in the 2010 general election.\nThe MR is an alliance between three French-speaking and one German-speaking liberal parties. The Liberal Reformist Party (PRL) and the Francophone Democratic Federalists (FDF) started the alliance in 1993, and were joined in 1998 by the Citizens' Movement for Change (MCC). The alliance was then known as the PRL-FDF-MCC federation. The alliance became the MR during a congress in 2002, where the German-speaking liberal party, the Party for Freedom and Progress joined as well. The label PRL is no longer used, and the three other parties still use their own names. The MR is member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party. However, on 25 September 2011, the FDF decided to leave the coalition. They did not agree with the manner in which president Charles Michel defended the rights of the French-speaking people in the agreement concerning the splitting of the Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde district, during the 2010\u201311 Belgian government formation.Although the MR's original ideology emphasised classical liberalism and free market economics, it has of late joined the general trend of Belgian liberals to accept elements of social liberalism under the influence of Dirk Verhofstadt, whose brother Guy Verhofstadt led the MR's Flemish counterpart, the Open VLD.", "Q44473": "Orenthal James Simpson (born July 9, 1947), nicknamed \"the Juice\", is an American former football running back, broadcaster, actor, advertising spokesman, and convicted felon. Once a popular figure with the U.S. public, he is best known for being tried for the murders of his former wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ron Goldman. Simpson was acquitted of the murders in criminal court, but was later found responsible for both deaths in a civil trial.\nSimpson attended the University of Southern California (USC), where he played football for the USC Trojans and won the Heisman Trophy in 1968. He played professionally as a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons, primarily with the Buffalo Bills from 1969 to 1977. He also played for the San Francisco 49ers from 1978 to 1979. In 1973, he became the first NFL player to rush for more than 2,000 yards in a season. He holds the record for the single season yards-per-game average, which stands at 143.1. He was the only player to ever rush for over 2,000 yards in the 14-game regular season NFL format. Simpson was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1983 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985. After retiring from football, he began new careers in acting and football broadcasting.\nIn 1994, Simpson was arrested and charged with the murders of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ron Goldman. He was acquitted by a jury after a lengthy and internationally publicized trial. The families of the victims subsequently filed a civil suit against him. A civil court awarded a $33.5 million judgment against him in 1997 for the victims' wrongful deaths. In 2000, he moved to Florida to avoid paying any more of the liability judgment and settled in Miami.\nIn 2007, Simpson was arrested in Las Vegas, Nevada and charged with the felonies of armed robbery and kidnapping. In 2008, he was convicted and sentenced to 33 years' imprisonment, with a minimum of nine years without parole. He served his sentence at the Lovelock Correctional Center near Lovelock, Nevada. Simpson was granted parole on July 20, 2017. He was eligible for release from prison on October 1, 2017, and was released on that date.", "Q1531782": "Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (full name in Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u2014 \u041c\u0421\u0425\u0410 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041a.\u0410. \u0422\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0432\u0430) is one of the oldest agrarian educational institutions in Russia. It was founded on December 3, 1865. It is under the Supervisory of the Russian Ministry of Agriculture. It was named for Kliment Timiryazev, a Russian botanist and physiologist and major proponent of evolution by natural selection.", "Q151090": "Otto III (June/July 980 \u2013 23 January 1002) was Holy Roman Emperor from 996 until his early death in 1002. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto III was the only son of the Emperor Otto II and his wife Theophanu.\nOtto III was crowned as King of Germany in 983 at the age of three, shortly after his father's death in Southern Italy while campaigning against the Byzantine Empire and the Emirate of Sicily. Though the nominal ruler of Germany, Otto III's minor status ensured his various regents held power over the Empire. His cousin Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, initially claimed regency over the young king and attempted to seize the throne for himself in 984. When his rebellion failed to gain the support of Germany's aristocracy, Henry II was forced to abandon his claims to the throne and to allow Otto III's mother Theophanu to serve as regent until her death in 991. Otto III was then still a child, so his grandmother, Adelaide of Italy, served as regent until 994.\nIn 996, Otto III marched to Italy to claim the titles of King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor, which had been left unclaimed since the death of Otto II in 983. Otto III also sought to reestablish Imperial control over the city of Rome, which had revolted under the leadership of Crescentius II, and through it the papacy. Crowned as emperor, Otto III put down the Roman rebellion and installed his cousin as Pope Gregory V, the first Pope of German descent. After the Emperor had pardoned him and left the city, Crescentius II again rebelled, deposing Gregory V and installing John XVI as Pope. Otto III returned to the city in 998, reinstalled Gregory V, and executed both Crescentius II and John XVI. When Gregory V died in 999, Otto III installed Sylvester II as the new Pope. Otto III's actions throughout his life further strengthened imperial control over the Catholic Church.\nFrom the beginning of his reign, Otto III faced opposition from the Slavs along the eastern frontier. Following the death of his father in 983, the Slavs rebelled against imperial control, forcing the Empire to abandon its territories east of the Elbe river. Otto III fought to regain the Empire's lost territories throughout his reign with only limited success. While in the east, Otto III strengthened the Empire's relations with Poland, Bohemia, and Hungary. Through his affairs in Eastern Europe in 1000, he was able to extend the influence of Christianity by supporting mission work in Poland and through the crowning of Stephen I as the first Christian king of Hungary.\nReturning to Rome in 1001, Otto faced a rebellion by the Roman aristocracy, which forced him to flee the city. While marching to reclaim the city in 1002, Otto suffered a sudden fever and died in Castle Paterno in Faleria at the age of 21. With no clear heir to succeed him, his early death threw the Empire into political crisis.", "Q33823": "Nepali (Devanagari: \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940; pronounced [ne\u02c8pali]) is an Indo-Aryan language of the sub-branch of Eastern Pahari. It is the official language of Nepal and one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. Also known by the endonym Khas kura (Devanagari: \u0916\u0938 \u0915\u0941\u0930\u093e), the language is also called Gorkhali or Parbatiya in some contexts. It is spoken mainly in Nepal and by about a quarter of the population in Bhutan. In India, Nepali has official status in the state of Sikkim; and in the Darjeeling Sadar subdivision and Kalimpong district of West Bengal. It has a significant number of speakers in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and Uttarakhand. It is also spoken in Myanmar and by the Nepali diaspora worldwide. Nepali developed in proximity to a number of Indo-Aryan languages, most notably the other Pahari languages and Maithili, and shows Sanskrit influence. However, owing to Nepal's location, it has also been influenced by Tibeto-Burman languages. Nepali is mainly differentiated from Central Pahari, both in grammar and vocabulary, by Tibeto-Burman idioms owing to close contact with this language group.Historically, the language was called Khas Speech (Khas Kur\u0101), spoken by the Khas people of Karnali Region and Gorkhali (language of the Gorkha Kingdom) before the term Nepali was adopted.\nThe origin of modern Nepali language is believed to be from Sinja valley of Jumla. Therefore, the Nepali dialect \u201cKhas Bhasa\u201d is still spoken among the people of the region.", "Q212663": "Ira Gitler (December 18, 1928 \u2013 February 23, 2019) was an American jazz historian and journalist. The co-author of The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz with Leonard Feather\u2014the most recent edition appeared in 1999\u2014he wrote hundreds of liner notes for jazz recordings beginning in the early 1950s and wrote several books about jazz and ice hockey, two of his passions.", "Q629402": "Omar Credle (born May 13, 1971), better known by his stage name, O.C., is an American rapper and member of the group D.I.T.C., who has been involved with several renowned underground hip hop groups:\nCrooklyn Dodgers '95, Luv NY, Perestroika.", "Q518101": "The First Austrian Republic (German: Republik \u00d6sterreich) was created after the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 10 September 1919\u2014the settlement after the end of World War I which ended the Habsburg rump state of Republic of German-Austria\u2014and ended with the establishment of the Austrofascist Federal State of Austria based upon a dictatorship of Engelbert Dollfuss and the Fatherland's Front in 1934. The Republic's constitution was enacted in 1 October 1920 and amended on 7 December 1929. The republican period was increasingly marked by violent strife between those with left-wing and right-wing views, leading to the July Revolt of 1927 and the Austrian Civil War of 1934.", "Q26590": "Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez ( HWAH-rez; Juarez City. Spanish pronunciation: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a\u00f0 \u02c8xwa\u027ees] (listen)) is the most populous city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. The city is commonly referred to as simply Ju\u00e1rez, and was known as El Paso del Norte (The Pass of the North) until 1888. Ju\u00e1rez is the seat of the Ju\u00e1rez Municipality with an estimated population of 1.5 million people. It lies on the Rio Grande (R\u00edo Bravo del Norte) river, south of El Paso, Texas, United States (U. S.). Together with the surrounding areas, the cities form El Paso\u2013Ju\u00e1rez, the second largest binational metropolitan area on the Mexico\u2013U.S. border (after San Diego\u2013Tijuana), with a combined population of over 2.7 million people.Four international points of entry connect Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez and El Paso: the Bridge of the Americas, the Ysleta International Bridge, the Paso del Norte Bridge, and the Stanton Street Bridge. Combined, these bridges allowed 22,958,472 crossings in 2008, making Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez a major point of entry and transportation into the U. S. for all of central northern Mexico. The city has a growing industrial center, which in large part is made up by more than 300 \"maquiladoras\" (assembly plants) located in and around the city. According to a 2007 New York Times article, Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez was \"absorbing more new industrial real estate space than any other North American city\". In 2008, fDi Magazine designated Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez \"The City of the Future\".", "Q284167": "Allison Joy Courtenay, Countess of Devon (n\u00e9e Langer, born May 22, 1974), commonly known as A. J. Langer, is an American former actress most notable for her role as Rayanne Graff on the television series My So-Called Life.", "Q16453": "Bichhoo (transl.\u2009Scorpion) is a 2000 Indian action thriller film starring Bobby Deol and Rani Mukerji. Bichhoo is a remake of the 1994 English-language French action thriller film L\u00e9on: The Professional.", "Q883970": "The Melaten-Friedhof (Melaten Cemetery) is the central cemetery of Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It lies on the northern border of the municipal district of Lindenthal. It is first mentioned in 1243. It is bounded to the south by the Aachener Stra\u00dfe, to the east by the Piusstra\u00dfe, to the west by the Oskar-J\u00e4ger-Stra\u00dfe and the Melateng\u00fcrtel, and to the north by Weinsbergstra\u00dfe. The 435,000-square-metre cemetery had 55,540 graves in 2008, and is the largest cemetery in the city.\nThe name \"Melaten\" refers to a hospital for the sick and lepers, known to have been in existence by the 12th century. The \"hoff to Malaten\" (modern German: Hof der Maladen, or \"yard of the malades\" (the sick)) is first mentioned in 1243.", "Q172649": "William Brack (born 26 December 1935) is a Canadian former racing driver. Brack raced in Formula One and the Atlantic Championship. \nBorn in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Brack originally became involved in auto racing in the early 1960s, in the form of ice-racing Minis (using a company car) in Huntsville, Ontario. He went on to purchase Gordon Brown's own racing Mini (Gord Brown being another Mini racer as well as dealer of British cars at Glendale Suburban Motors in Brampton.)\nBrack subsequently became a Formula One driver who raced for the Lotus and BRM teams. After Formula One he was successful in Atlantic Championship in the mid-1970s, having won the Canadian Formula Atlantic Championships in three successive years (1973, 1974, 1975) before retiring from racing to open a Daimler Chrysler dealership (Downtown Chrysler) near the Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto. He is not related to the Swedish race car driver Kenny Br\u00e4ck.", "Q434399": "Asha Puthli is a singer-songwriter, producer and actress from Mumbai, India.\nShe performed the vocals on the album Science Fiction by jazz saxophonist Ornette Coleman and has recorded solo albums for EMI, CBS/Sony, and RCA. Her recordings cover blues, pop, rock, soul, funk, disco, and techno and have been produced by Del Newman and Teo Macero .", "Q541074": "Richard Mellon Scaife (; July 3, 1932 \u2013 July 4, 2014) was an American billionaire, a principal heir to the Mellon banking, oil, and aluminum fortune, and the owner and publisher of the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. In 2005, Scaife was number 238 on the Forbes 400, with a personal fortune of $1.2 billion. By 2013, Scaife had dropped to number 371 on the listing, with a personal fortune of $1.4 billion.\nDuring his life, Scaife was known for his financial support of conservative public policy organizations over the past four decades. He provided support for conservative and libertarian causes in the United States, mostly through the private, nonprofit foundations he controlled: the Sarah Scaife Foundation, Carthage Foundation, and Allegheny Foundation, and until 2001, the Scaife Family Foundation, now controlled by his daughter Jennie and son David.", "Q240643": "Allan Kardec (French: [ka\u0281d\u025bk]) is the pen name of the French educator, translator and author Hippolyte L\u00e9on Denizard Rivail ([\u0281ivaj]; 3 October 1804 \u2013 31 March 1869). He is the author of the five books known as the Spiritist Codification, and is the founder of Spiritism.\n\n", "Q51718": "Baldwin II, also known as Baldwin of Bourcq or Bourg (French: Baudouin; died 21 August 1131), was Count of Edessa from 1100 to 1118, and King of Jerusalem from 1118 until his death. He accompanied Godfrey of Bouillon, and Baldwin of Boulogne, to the Holy Land during the First Crusade. He succeeded Baldwin of Boulogne as the second count of Edessa when he left the county for Jerusalem following his brother's death. He was captured at the Battle of Harran in 1104. He was held first by S\u00f6kmen of Mardin, then by Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents.\nBaldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally, Radwan of Aleppo, defeated them at Turbessel. Baldwin and Tancred were reconciled at an assembly of the crusader leaders near Tripoli in April 1109. Mawdud, the Atabeg of Mosul, and his successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, launched a series of campaigns against Edessa in the early 1110s, devastating the eastern regions of the country. Baldwin accused Joscelin of treason for seizing the prosperous town of Turbessel from him in 1113 and captured the neighboring Armenian lordships in 1116 and 1117.\nBaldwin of Boulogne, the first king of Jerusalem, died on 2 April 1118. He bequeathed Jerusalem to his brother, Eustace III of Boulogne, stipulating that the throne was to be offered to Baldwin if Eustace failed to come to the Holy Land. Arnulf of Chocques, the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, and Joscelin of Courtenay, who held the largest fief in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, convinced their peers to elect Baldwin king. Baldwin took possession of most towns in the kingdom and gave Edessa to Joscelin. After the army of the Principality of Antioch was almost annihilated on 28 June 1119, Baldwin was elected regent for the absent Bohemond II of Antioch. The frequent Seljuq invasions of Antioch forced him to spend most of his time in the principality, which caused discontent in Jerusalem. After Nur al-Daulak Balak captured him in April 1123, a group of noblemen offered the throne to Charles I, Count of Flanders, but Charles refused. During his absence, the Jerusalemite troops captured Tyre with the assistance of a Venetian fleet. After he was released in August 1124, he tried to capture Aleppo, but al-Bursuqi forced him to abandon the siege in early 1125.\nBohemond II came to Syria in October 1126. Baldwin gave his second daughter, Alice, in marriage to him and also renounced the regency. Baldwin planned to conquer Damascus, but he needed external support to achieve his goal. He married off his eldest daughter, Melisende, to the wealthy Fulk V, Count of Anjou in 1129. The new troops who accompanied Fulk to Jerusalem enabled Baldwin to invade Damascene territory, but he could seize only Banias with the support of the Nizari (or Assassins) in late 1129. After Bohemond II was killed in a battle in early 1130, Baldwin forced Alice to leave Antioch and assumed the regency for her daughter, Constance. He fell seriously ill in Antioch and took monastic vows before he died in the Holy Sepulchre. Baldwin had been respected for his military talent, but he was notorious for his \"love for money\".", "Q1137104": "Mike Johnson (born August 27, 1965) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and bass guitarist. He was born in Grants Pass, Oregon and fronted Eugene, Oregon punk band Snakepit from 1984 until their break up in 1989.\n\nHe joined Dinosaur Jr. as bass player in 1991\n\nand played with the band live and on its recordings from 1991 to 1998.\nHe was briefly married to Juned's Leslie Hardy in 1994, \n\nand contributed to both the band's studio albums. He collaborated with Mark Lanegan on his first five solo albums, playing guitar, co-producing, and writing music.\nIn 1994, he released his first solo album, \"Where Am I\", on Up Records, and he continued a solo career, alongside involvement with the bands Queens of the Stone Age and Caustic Resin up until 2006's \"Gone Out of Your Mind\", when he moved to France with his wife.", "Q69287": "Eysins is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q92753": "Paul Kunz (December 20, 1942 \u2013 September 12, 2018) was an American Particle physicist and software developer, who initiated the deployment of the first web server outside of Europe. After a meeting in September with Tim Berners-Lee of CERN, he returned to the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center with word of the World Wide Web. By Thursday, December 12, 1991 there was an active web server, SPIRES HEP in place thanks to the efforts of Kunz, Louise Addis, and Terry Hung.He was also the originator of the free/open source GNUstep implementation of the NeXTSTEP framework and the idea for objcX. He was the chief developer of HippoDraw.", "Q3170436": "Jean Aubert was a French engineer. In 1961 he used the idea of the German engineer Julius Greve from the last century to describe a pente d'eau, (English: water slope) which was a way of moving boats up the gradient of a canal without locks. The design consisted of a sloping channel through which a wedge of water on which the boat was floating could be pushed up an incline. This concept was used in both the Montech water slope and the Fonserannes water slopes.", "Q200267": "Kamakura (\u938c\u5009\u5e02, Kamakura-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. \nKamakura has an estimated population of 172,302 (1 September 2016) and a population density of 4,358.77 persons per km2 over the total area of 39.53 km2 (15.26 sq mi). Kamakura was designated as a city on 3 November 1939.\nKamakura was the de facto capital of Japan from 1185 to 1333 as the seat of the Kamakura Shogunate, and became the nation's most populous settlement from 1200 to 1300 during the Kamakura period. Kamakura is a popular tourist destination within Japan as a coastal city with a high number of seasonal festivals, as well as ancient Buddhist and Shinto shrines and temples.\n\n", "Q550179": "Alan Bond (22 April 1938 \u2013 5 June 2015) was an Australian businessman noted for his high-profile and often corrupt business dealings. These included his central role in the WA Inc scandals of the 1980s, and what was at the time the biggest corporate collapse in Australian history and also for his criminal conviction that saw him serve four years in prison. He is also remembered for bankrolling the successful challenge for the 1983 America's Cup, the first time the New York Yacht Club had ever lost it in its 132-year history.", "Q4616": "Marilyn Monroe (; born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 \u2013 August 4, 1962) was an American actress, model, and singer. Famous for playing comedic \"blonde bombshell\" characters, she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s and early 1960s and was emblematic of the era's changing attitudes towards sexuality. She was a top-billed actress for only a decade, but her films grossed $200 million (equivalent to $2 billion in 2019) by the time of her death in 1962. More than half a century later, she continues to be a major popular culture icon.Monroe was born and raised in Los Angeles. She spent most of her childhood in foster homes and an orphanage and married at age 16. She was working in a factory as part of the war effort during World War II when she met a photographer from the First Motion Picture Unit and began a successful pin-up modeling career. The work led to short-lived film contracts with 20th Century Fox and Columbia Pictures. After a series of minor film roles, she signed a new contract with Fox in late 1950. Over the next two years, she became a popular actress with roles in several comedies, including As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business, and in the dramas Clash by Night and Don't Bother to Knock. She faced a scandal when it was revealed that she had posed for nude photos before she became a star, but the story did not damage her career and instead resulted in increased interest in her films.\nBy 1953, Monroe was one of the most marketable Hollywood stars; she had leading roles in the film noir Niagara, which focused on her sex appeal, and the comedies Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry a Millionaire, which established her star image as a \"dumb blonde\". The same year, her nude images were used as the centerfold and on the cover of the first issue of Playboy. She played a significant role in the creation and management of her public image throughout her career, but she was disappointed when she was typecast and underpaid by the studio. She was briefly suspended in early 1954 for refusing a film project but returned to star in The Seven Year Itch (1955), one of the biggest box office successes of her career.\nWhen the studio was still reluctant to change Monroe's contract, she founded her own film production company in 1954. She dedicated 1955 to building the company and began studying method acting at the Actors Studio. In late 1955, Fox awarded her a new contract, which gave her more control and a larger salary. Her subsequent roles included a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop (1956) and her first independent production in The Prince and the Showgirl (1957). She won a Golden Globe for Best Actress for her work in Some Like It Hot (1959), a critical and commercial success. Her last completed film was the drama The Misfits (1961).\nMonroe's troubled private life received much attention. She struggled with addiction, depression, and anxiety. Her marriages to retired baseball star Joe DiMaggio and to playwright Arthur Miller were highly publicized, and both ended in divorce. On August 4, 1962, she died at age 36 from an overdose of barbiturates at her home in Los Angeles. Her death was ruled a probable suicide, although several conspiracy theories have been proposed in the decades following her death.", "Q270794": "The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization. NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM).\nAs a national academy, new members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research. Election to the National Academy is one of the highest honors in the scientific field. Members of the National Academy of Sciences serve pro bono as \"advisers to the nation\" on science, engineering, and medicine. The group holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code.\nFounded in 1863 as a result of an Act of Congress that was approved by Abraham Lincoln, the NAS is charged with \"providing independent, objective advice to the nation on matters related to science and technology. \u2026 to provide scientific advice to the government 'whenever called upon' by any government department.\"\nThe Academy receives no compensation from the government for its services.", "Q592238": "Anton Nowakowski (10 February 1897 \u2013 3 January 1969) was a German organist, conductor and composer.", "Q380467": "William Redington Hewlett ( HEW-lit; May 20, 1913 \u2013 January 12, 2001) was an American engineer and the co-founder, with David Packard, of the Hewlett-Packard Company (HP).", "Q189389": "An aneurysm is an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall. Aneurysms are a result of a weakened blood vessel wall, and may be a result of a hereditary condition or an acquired disease. Aneurysms can also be a nidus (starting point) for clot formation (thrombosis) and embolization. The word is from Greek: \u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, aneurysma, \"dilation\", from \u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, aneurynein, \"to dilate\". As an aneurysm increases in size, the risk of rupture increases, leading to uncontrolled bleeding. Although they may occur in any blood vessel, particularly lethal examples include aneurysms of the Circle of Willis in the brain, aortic aneurysms affecting the thoracic aorta, and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Aneurysms can arise in the heart itself following a heart attack, including both ventricular and atrial septal aneurysms. There are congenital atrial septal aneurysms, a rare heart defect.", "Q655913": "Raul Gardini (June 7, 1933 - July 23, 1993) was an Italian agri-business and chemicals tycoon. In 1980 he took the helm of his father in law Serafino Ferruzzi's family wealth, leading an aggressive campaign that led to the acquisition of the French sugar and paper company Beghin-Say SA, turning Ferruzzi into Europe's leading sugar producer. In 1985, Gardini focused his interest on chemicals and bought stock in the Montedison chemicals group. By 1987, he had acquired 42 per cent of the group, turning Ferruzzi-Montedison into Italy's second largest industrial group after the state-owned company Eni. In 1989 Eni and Montedison formed a joint-venture called Enimont.In 1992 Gardini built a sailing team to compete in the America's Cup. Paul Cayard was hired as manager and skipper, leading Il Moro di Venezia to win the 1992 Louis Vuitton Cup.\nIn 1993 Gardini was embroiled in the Tangentopoli scandal following a failed power bid to take control of Enimont and died by a dubious suicide in Milan.\n\n", "Q240657": "Ahmad Bourghani Farahani (Persian: \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e; January 2, 1960 \u2013 February 2, 2008) was an Iranian reformist politician, journalist, writer and political analyst.\nBourghani was deputy minister of culture of Iran in President Mohammad Khatami's cabinet. He was also head of IRNA in United Nations as well as member of Iranian parliament.Bourghani received his bachelor's degree in geography from Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran. He entered journalism after the victory of the 1979 Islamic Revolution. During the Iran\u2013Iraq War, he oversaw the War Information Press, and was chief news manager of the IRNA. From 1990 to 1993, he was posted in New York City as the UN correspondent for IRNA. Upon returning, he helped establish the short-lived weeklies Bahar, Barharan and Envoy.During his brief tenure as vice-minister of Culture, Ahmad Bourghani oversaw the issuance of hundreds of press permits and the flowering of an independent Iranian press for the first time since 1979. He had a significant role in the development of journalism in post-revolution Iran. Following the initial attacks on the reformist press, Iran's conservatives tried to undercut the reformist press by reactivating the Press Court. Bourghani stood up in the Court in front of the young presiding judge, Saeed Mortazavi, and defended the freedom of the press. Mortazavi, the nephew of Ayatollah Yazdi, was trying to force Bourghani and Khatami's government to shut down the Jame'eh newspaper but when Bourghani refused to do so, he himself ordered to shut down the newspaper.After the closure of Jame'eh and Tous in the summer of 1998, a second crop of independent dailies appeared in late 1998. These papers exposed Intelligence Ministry agents' involvement in the political assassinations of reformist intellectuals and activists in late 1998.Bourghani, chosen by Khatami, to spearhead the liberalization of the public sphere, resigned in February 1999, frustrated with the intransigence of the Commission for the Supervision of the Press (a joint committee of representatives of the three branches of government and the press that reviews press application and thus determines who can and cannot publish), and dismayed by lukewarm support from his own minister, Ata'ollah Mohajerani, who narrowly survived a parliamentary impeachment motion in May for \"cultural laxity\".Two years later, he was elected as representative of Tehran to Majlis of Iran, The Iranian Parliament. As a Member of Iranian Parliament, he persuaded his goal for the freedom of the press in Iran and was one of the key people in debating the Reform of the Press laws. Shortly after, Ayatollah Khamenei sent a letter to the parliament demanding that the debate stop.Ahmad Bourghani was also the president of the Parliamentary Friendship Group between Italy and Iran. He was also the organizer of \"Iran, hundred years after Iranian constitutional revolution\", an international conference organized in Tehran (2007).Bourghani died in a Tehran hospital of a heart attack at the age of 48.", "Q726057": "Michael Anthony Orlando Cassavitis (born April 3, 1944), known professionally as Tony Orlando, is an American singer, songwriter, producer, music executive, and actor, known for the group Tony Orlando and Dawn and their 1970s hits.\nOrlando formed the doowop group The Five Gents in 1959 at the age of 15, with whom he recorded demos, and got the attention of music publisher and producer Don Kirshner. At the age of 17, in 1961, Orlando had his first hit with the song \"Ding Dong\" on the MILO record label. Kirshner hired him to write songs at 1650 Broadway, Manhattan as part New York's thriving Brill Building songwriting community, along with other songwriters Carole King, Neil Sedaka, Toni Wine, Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil, Bobby Darin, Connie Francis, and Tom and Jerry, who didn't make it in the office until they later changed their name to Simon and Garfunkel. Orlando was also hired to sing on songwriter demos, and singles released with Orlando as a solo artist began to hit the charts in the US and the UK beginning in 1961 with \"Halfway to Paradise\" and \"Bless You\" when he was 16. Orlando continued as a solo artist and also became a producer himself, as well as a successful music executive in the late 1960s. He was hired by Clive Davis as the general manager of Columbia Records' publishing imprint, April-Blackwood Music in 1967, and by the late 1960s had been promoted to vice-president of Columbia/CBS Music.\nIn 1969, Orlando signed Barry Manilow to his first recording contract with Bell Records, co-writing with him and producing Manilow's earliest tracks. He also worked with other artists, such as The Yardbirds, James Taylor, Grateful Dead, Blood Sweat and Tears, and Laura Nyro. He recorded \"Candida\" as lead vocalist under the pseudonym \"Dawn\" in 1970, and when the song became an international number-one hit, he began to use his name in the group becoming \"Dawn featuring Tony Orlando\" and then \"Tony Orlando and Dawn\". The group had 19 other top 40 hits, including \"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree\", the top-selling hit of 1973 and one of the biggest selling singles of all time. The group also had a hit variety program, The Tony Orlando and Dawn Show on CBS from 1974 to 1976. They then broke up in 1978.\nIn 1993 he opened the Tony Orlando Yellow Ribbon Music Theatre in Branson, Missouri. He ended his act there in 2013.\n\n", "Q2297128": "The Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de G\u00e9ographie (French: [s\u0254sjete d\u0259 \u0292e\u0254g\u0281afi]; lit.\u2009'\"Geography Society\"'), is the world's oldest geographical society. It was founded in 1821 as the first Geographic Society. Since 1878, its headquarters have been at 184 Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris. The entrance is marked by two gigantic caryatids representing Land and Sea. It was here, in 1879, that the construction of the Panama Canal was decided.", "Q123374": "Thomas H\u00fcrlimann (born 21 December 1950, in Zug) is a Swiss playwright and novelist.\nHis 1989 novel Das Gartenhaus was published as The Couple in the United States in 1991. In 2011, he was awarded the Gro\u00dfer Literaturpreis der Bayerischen Akademie der Sch\u00f6nen K\u00fcnste.\n\n", "Q49143": "Quincy ( KWIN-zee) is a U.S. city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts. It is the largest city in the county and a part of Metropolitan Boston as one of Boston's immediate southern suburbs. Its population in 2010 was 92,271, making it the eighth-largest city in the state. Known as the \"City of Presidents\", Quincy is the birthplace of two U.S. presidents\u2014John Adams and his son John Quincy Adams\u2014as well as John Hancock, a President of the Continental Congress and the first signer of the Declaration of Independence, as well as being the first and third Governor of Massachusetts.\nFirst settled in 1625, Quincy was briefly part of Dorchester and Boston before becoming the north precinct of Braintree in 1640. In 1792, Quincy was split off from Braintree; the new town was named after Colonel John Quincy, maternal grandfather of Abigail Adams and after whom John Quincy Adams was also named. Quincy became a city in 1888.\nFor more than a century, Quincy was home to a thriving granite industry; the city was also the site of the Granite Railway, the United States' first commercial railroad. Shipbuilding at the Fore River Shipyard was another key part of the city's economy. In the 20th century, both Howard Johnson's and Dunkin' Donuts were founded in the city.", "Q325971": "Dorothy Bernard (June 25, 1890 \u2013 December 14, 1955) was an American actress of the silent era. She appeared in 87 films between 1908 and 1956.\nShe was born Nora Dorothy Bernard in Port Elizabeth, British Cape Colony, now part of South Africa, to William H Bernard and Roy Elizabeth Ayrd. Her father was from Auckland, New Zealand, and her mother was born in Sligo, Ireland. Although her birth date is listed as July 25, 1890 in many biographies, her death certificate and U.S. passport both state her birth date as June 25, 1890. An only child, she spent her formative years in Portland, Oregon where her father, William H. Bernard (1864\u20131915), worked as a stock company manager and was a well-respected actor. As a child actress, Bernard appeared in several plays in Portland under \"Dot Bernard\" in the Baker Theater Company. Her stepmother, actress Nan Ramsey, also appeared in several productions. In 1905, her family moved to Los Angeles, California, and her father accepted a position to manage the Balasco theater. She was married to fellow actor, A.H. Van Buren (1879\u20131965), on July 5, 1909 in Washington D.C., and they had a daughter named Marjorie \"Midge\" Van Buren born on June 30, 1910 in Jamaica, New York.", "Q92747": "Eric Emerson Schmidt (born April 27, 1955) is an American businessman and software engineer. He is currently technical advisor to Alphabet and chair of the US Department of Defense's Defense Innovation Advisory Board. He is known for being the CEO of Google from 2001 to 2011, executive chairman of Google from 2011 to 2015 and executive chairman of Alphabet Inc. from 2015 to 2017. In 2017, Forbes ranked Schmidt as the 119th-richest person in the world, with an estimated wealth of US$11.1 billion.As an intern at Bell Labs, Schmidt did a complete re-write of Lex, a software program to generate lexical analysers for the Unix computer operating system. From 1997 to 2001, he was chief executive officer (CEO) of Novell. From 2001 to 2011, Schmidt served as the CEO of Google. He has served on various other boards in academia and industry, including the Boards of Trustees for Carnegie Mellon University, Apple, Princeton University, and Mayo Clinic.", "Q3351440": "Olivier Zarrouati (born April 16, 1958 in Toulon, France) is a French engineer and business man. From 2007 until 2017, he served as Chief Executive Officer of Zodiac Aerospace.\n\n", "Q69293": "Prangins is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is located on Lake Geneva.", "Q3064325": "The facult\u00e9 des lettres de Paris was a French educational institution based at the Sorbonne. It was set up by the imperial decree regarding the University of France on 17 March 1808. It partly succeeded the arts faculty of the former University of Paris. In 1896 it was joined to four other faculties in Paris to form the new University of Paris. Following the loi Faure of 8 October 1970, it was divided into the universities Paris-I, Paris-III, Paris-IV, Paris-V and Paris-VII in 1970.", "Q498701": "2AM (Korean: \ud22c\uc5d0\uc774\uc5e0) is a South Korean boy group, that consisted of Jo Kwon, Lee Changmin, Lim Seulong and Jeong Jinwoon. It was one of the two subgroups split from the eleven-member boy band One Day, the other being 2PM. They officially debuted on July 11, 2008, on KBS' Music Bank, performing the song \"This Song\". They won their first Mutizen at Inkigayo on February 7, 2010, with \"Can't Let You Go Even If I Die\".", "Q2010955": "\u1e62adr ad-D\u012bn Mu\u1e25ammad Sh\u012br\u0101z\u012b, also called Mulla Sadr\u0101 (Persian: \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u200e; also spelled Molla Sadra, Mollasadra or Sadr-ol-Mote'allehin; Arabic: \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u200e) (c. 1571/2 \u2013 1640), was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a and Sufi Islamic philosopher, theologian and \u2018\u0100lim who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century. According to Oliver Leaman, Mulla Sadra is arguably the single most important and influential philosopher in the Muslim world in the last four hundred years.Though not its founder, he is considered the master of the Illuminationist (or, Ishraghi or Ishraqi) school of Philosophy, a seminal figure who synthesized the many tracts of the Islamic Golden Age philosophies into what he called the Transcendent Theosophy or al-hikmah al-muta\u2019\u0101liyah.\nMulla Sadra brought \"a new philosophical insight in dealing with the nature of reality\" and created \"a major transition from essentialism to existentialism\" in Islamic philosophy, although his existentialism should not be too readily compared to Western existentialism. His was a question of existentialist cosmology as it pertained to God, and thus differs considerably from the individual, moral, and/or social, questions at the heart of Russian, French, German, or American Existentialism.\nMulla Sadra's philosophy ambitiously synthesized Avicennism, Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi's Illuminationist philosophy, Ibn Arabi's Sufi metaphysics, and the theology of the Ash'ari school and Twelvers.\nHis main work is The Transcendent Philosophy of the Four Journeys of the Intellect, or simply Four Journeys.", "Q356747": "Tetsuo Sakurai (\u6afb\u4e95(\u685c\u4e95) \u54f2\u592b, Sakurai Tetsuo, born 13 November 1957) is a Japanese bassist. To date, he has released a total of 37 albums as a member of Casiopea and Jimsaku and solo artist, and has also made 3 bass instructional videos.\n\n", "Q99612": "Heinrich Girard (2 June 1814 \u2013 11 April 1878) was a German mineralogist and geologist born in Berlin.\nHe studied natural sciences in Berlin, receiving his habilitation in 1845. Afterwards he became an associate professor of mineralogy and geology at the University of Marburg, and in 1854 a full professor at the University of Halle. In 1863/64 he was rector at the university.\nGirard was the author of an 1862 textbook on mineralogy, and was editor of the fourth volume of Briefe \u00fcber Alexander von Humboldts Kosmos (\"Epistles on Alexander von Humboldt's Kosmos\").", "Q177725": "Abstract expressionism is a post\u2013World War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York in the 1940s. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve international influence and put New York City at the center of the western art world, a role formerly filled by Paris. Although the term \"abstract expressionism\" was first applied to American art in 1946 by the art critic Robert Coates, it had been first used in Germany in 1919 in the magazine Der Sturm, regarding German Expressionism. In the United States, Alfred Barr was the first to use this term in 1929 in relation to works by Wassily Kandinsky.", "Q1354341": "Paul Jerrod Pena (January 26, 1950 \u2013 October 1, 2005) was an American singer, songwriter and guitarist of Cape Verdean descent.\nHis music from the first half of his career touched on Delta blues, jazz, morna, flamenco, folk and rock and roll. Pena is probably best known for writing the song \"Jet Airliner,\" a major 1977 hit for the Steve Miller Band and a staple of classic rock radio; and for appearing in the 1999 documentary film Genghis Blues, wherein he displayed his abilities in the field of Tuvan throat singing.", "Q178416": "The N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041d. \u0410. \u0420\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430) is a high school of music in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 2004, the conservatory had around 275 faculty members and 1,400 students.", "Q272183": "Marl\u00e8ne Jobert (born 4 November 1940) is a French actress, singer and author.", "Q359474": "Ron Raphael Braunstein (born June 7, 1976), better known by his stage-name Necro, is an American rapper from Brooklyn.He is the owner of Psycho+Logical-Records founded November 1999. He is the younger brother of rapper Ill Bill.", "Q160259": "Nosferatu the Vampyre is a 1979 horror film written and directed by Werner Herzog. Its original German title is Nosferatu: Phantom der Nacht (Nosferatu: Phantom of the Night). The film is set primarily in 19th-century Wismar, Germany and Transylvania, and was conceived as a stylistic remake of F. W. Murnau's 1922 German Dracula adaptation Nosferatu. The picture stars Klaus Kinski as Count Dracula, Isabelle Adjani as Lucy Harker, Bruno Ganz as Jonathan Harker, and French artist-writer Roland Topor as Renfield. There are two different versions of the film, one in which the actors speak English, and one in which they speak German.\nHerzog's production of Nosferatu was very well received by critics and enjoyed a comfortable degree of commercial success. The film also marks the second of five collaborations between director Herzog and actor Kinski, immediately followed by 1979's Woyzeck. The film had 1,000,000 admissions in West Germany and grossed ITL 53,870,000 in Italy. The film was also a modest success in Adjani's home country, taking in 933,533 admissions in France.A novelization of the screenplay was written by Paul Monette and published by both Avon Publishing (ISBN 978-0380441075) and Picador (ISBN 978-0330259293) in 1979.\nThe 1988 Italian horror film Nosferatu in Venice is an \"in-name-only\" sequel, again featuring Kinski in the title role.", "Q2793813": "Herman Bernard Jan Witte (18 August 1909 \u2013 30 May 1973) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Catholic People's Party (KVP) now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and civil engineer.\nWitte applied at the Delft Institute of Technology in June 1927 majoring in civil engineering and obtaining an Bachelor of Engineering degree before graduating with an Master of Engineering degree in July 1933. Witte worked as a civil servant for the Ministry of Water Management as a civil engineer at the Directorate-General for Public Works and Water Management from July 1933 until August 1939 and as a civil servant for municipality of Bergen op Zoom as director of Public Works from August 1939 until June 1940. Witte also served in the military reserve force of the Royal Netherlands Army and was mobilized on in April 1940 before Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands. Witte was captured following the Battle of Zeeland and was detained from May 1940 until August 1940. During the German occupation Witte was associated with members of the Dutch resistance. Following the end of World War II Queen Wilhelmina Witte was appointed as acting Mayor of Bergen op Zoom, taking office on 1 May 1945. One year later on 1 May 1946 he was made permanent Mayor. After the election of 1952 Witte was appointed as Minister of Reconstruction and Housing in the Cabinet Drees II, taking office on 2 September 1952. After the election of 1956 Witte continued in the post as the newly renamed Minister of Housing and Construction in the Cabinet Drees III, taking office on 13 October 1956. Witte served as acting Minister of Transport and Water Management from 10 October 1958 until 1 November 1958 following the resignation of Jacob Algera.\nThe Cabinet Drees III fell on 11 December 1958 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Beel II with Witte continuing as Minister of Housing and Construction, taking office on 22 December 1958. Witte was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1959, taking office on 20 March 1959. Following the cabinet formation of 1959 Witte was not giving a cabinet post in the new cabinet, the Cabinet Beel II was replaced by the Cabinet De Quay on 19 May 1959 and he continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a frontbencher. In September 1959 Witte was nominated as Mayor of Eindhoven, he resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives the day he was installed as Mayor, taking office on 16 October 1959. On 14 October 1966 the Cabinet Cals fell and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Zijlstra with Witte taking a leave of absence as Mayor and was again appointed as Minister of Housing and Spatial Planning, taking office on 22 November 1966. Witte who had previously announced that he was only wiling to serve in the caretaker Cabinet Zijlstra didn't stand for the election of 1967, the Cabinet Zijlstra was replaced by the Cabinet De Jong on 5 April 1967 and he returned as Mayor of Eindhoven the same day, serving from 5 April 1967 until 30 May 1973.", "Q34180": "Brantford (2016 population 97,496; CMA population 134,203) is a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada, founded on the Grand River. It is surrounded by Brant County, but is politically separate with a municipal government of its own that is fully independent of the county's municipal government.Brantford is named after Joseph Brant, an important Mohawk leader during the American Revolutionary War and later, who led his people in their first decades in Upper Canada. Many of his descendants, and other First Nations citizens, live on the nearby Reserve of Six Nations of the Grand River, 15 kilometers from Brantford; it is the most populous reserve in Canada. Brantford is known as the \"Telephone City\" as the city's famous resident, Alexander Graham Bell, invented the first telephone at his father's homestead, Melville House, now the Bell Homestead.", "Q45779": "P\u00e9cs ( PAYTCH, Hungarian: [pe\u02d0t\u0361\u0283] (listen); known by alternative names) is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economic centre of Baranya County. P\u00e9cs is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of P\u00e9cs.\nThe city Sopianae was founded by Romans at the beginning of the 2nd century, in an area peopled by Celts and Pannoni tribes. By the 4th century, it became the capital of Valeria province and a significant early Christian center. The early Christian necropolis from that era became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in December 2000.Its episcopate was founded in 1009 by Stephen I, and the first university in Hungary was founded in P\u00e9cs in 1367 by Louis I the Great. (The largest university still resides in P\u00e9cs with about 34,000 students). P\u00e9cs was formed into one of the cultural and arts center of the country by bishop Janus Pannonius, great humanist poet. P\u00e9cs has a rich heritage from the age of a 150-year-long Ottoman occupation, like the mosque of Pasha Qasim the Victorious on Sz\u00e9chenyi square.\nP\u00e9cs was historically a multi-ethnic city where many cultures intermingled, creating a melting pot of different values, the rich result of 2000 years of history. In 1998 P\u00e9cs was given the UNESCO prize \"Cities for Peace\" for maintaining its cultural minorities, and also for its tolerant and helping attitude toward refugees of the Yugoslav Wars. In 2007 P\u00e9cs was third, and in 2008 it was second \"Livable City\" (The LivCom Awards) in the category of cities between 75,000 and 200,000 inhabitants.In 2010, P\u00e9cs was selected to be the European Capital of Culture alongside Essen and Istanbul. The city motto is \"The Borderless City\". After receiving the title major renewal started in the city. Renewed public places, streets, squares and neighbourhoods, new cultural centers, a concert hall, a new library and center and a cultural quarter were designed.", "Q296577": "Franklin Wendell Welker (born March 12, 1946) is an American voice actor, actor, former stand-up comedian and former impressionist, with an entertainment career spanning nearly six decades. He is known for voicing Fred Jones in the Scooby-Doo franchise since its inception in 1969, Scooby-Doo himself since 2002, Megatron and Soundwave in the Transformers franchise, Curious George in the Curious George franchise, Garfield on The Garfield Show, and Nibbler on Futurama, as well as numerous animal vocal effects in many works. In 2016, Welker was honored with an Emmy Award for his lifetime achievement.\n\n", "Q822614": "Alaska Airlines is a major American airline headquartered in SeaTac, Washington, within the Seattle metropolitan area. It is the fifth largest airline in the United States when measured by fleet size, scheduled passengers carried, and number of destinations served. Alaska, together with its regional partners Horizon Air and SkyWest Airlines, operate a large domestic route network, primarily focused on connecting from the Pacific Northwest and Alaska to over one hundred destinations in the contiguous United States, Hawaii, Canada, Costa Rica, and Mexico.\nThe airline operates out of five hubs, with its primary hub being at Seattle/Tacoma. Alaska Airlines is currently not a member of any of the three major airline alliances, but it plans to join oneworld by early 2021. However, it has codeshare agreements with 17 airlines, including member airlines of Oneworld, SkyTeam, Star Alliance, and unaffiliated airlines.\nAs of 2020, the airline employs over 16,000 people and been ranked by J. D. Power and Associates as having the highest customer satisfaction of the traditional airlines for twelve consecutive years.", "Q1809858": "Albert Bond Lambert (December 6, 1875 \u2013 November 12, 1946) was an American golfer who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics and in the 1904 Summer Olympics. He was also a prominent St. Louis aviator and benefactor of aviation.", "Q44467": "Orlando Jonathan Blanchard Copeland Bloom (born 13 January 1977) is an English actor. He made his breakthrough as the character Legolas in The Lord of the Rings film series, a role he reprised in The Hobbit film series. He gained further acclaim by appearing in epic fantasy, historical, and adventure films, most notably as Will Turner in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series.\nBloom subsequently established himself as a leading man in Hollywood films, with roles such as Paris in Troy (2004) and Balian de Ibelin in Kingdom of Heaven (2005). He currently stars in the Amazon Prime Video series Carnival Row (2019\u2013present).\nHe made his professional stage debut in West End's In Celebration at the Duke of York's Theatre in London in 2007 and starred in a Broadway adaption of Romeo and Juliet in 2013. In 2009, Bloom was named a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. In 2015 he received the BAFTA Britannia Humanitarian Award.\n\n", "Q1841820": "Ruggero Chiesa (1 August 1933 \u2013 14 June 1993) was a prominent Italian classical guitarist, teacher and editor.", "Q4052630": "Velvet Music is a Russian record label and production center established in February 2004 by Alyona Mikhailova and Liana Meladze.", "Q75862": "Claudia Ciesla (born 12 February 1987) is a Polish-German-Indian film actress and model. best known for her work in Bollywood. She was a contestant on the Indian reality television series Bigg Boss.", "Q4586682": "Finn Thoresen (21 January 1932 \u2013 30 May 2004) was a Norwegian businessman and politician for the Progress Party.\nHe was a member of the central administration of the Progress Party (then Anders Lange's Party) from 1973 to 1976, and was chairman of its \u00d8stfold chapter from 1974 to 1975. From 1983 to 1990 he was the deputy mayor of Ski.He was elected deputy Member of Parliament (MP) for the Progress Party from Akershus from 1981 to 1985, and in 1989 he was elected as a regular MP. In November 1992 he however left the party, citing strong disagreements with the influence and development of the Youth of the Progress Party, which he claimed had \"misunderstood\" liberalism. He said he did not want to be \"associated with gay marriages and liberal porn legislations\". He founded the New Future Coalition Party in early 1993, but failed to be re-elected to parliament.", "Q377789": "Muhammad Yusuf Khan (born 11 December 1922), known professionally as Dilip Kumar, is an actor, producer and philanthropist, who was later elected to India's parliament. Popularly known as The Tragedy King and The First Khan, he has been credited with bringing realism to film acting since his first film. Critics have acclaimed him as the greatest actors in the history of Indian cinema.Kumar debuted as an actor in the film Jwar Bhata (1944), produced by Bombay Talkies. In a career spanning over five decades, Kumar worked in over 65 films. Kumar is known for roles in films such as the romantic Andaz (1949), the heartwarming Babul (1950), the impassioned Deedar (1951), the swashbuckling Aan (1952), social drama Daag (1952), the dramatic Devdas (1955), the comical Azaad (1955), Naya Daur (1957), Yahudi (1958), Madhumati (1958), Kohinoor (1960), the epic historical Mughal-e-Azam (1960), the social dacoit crime drama Gunga Jamuna (1961), and the comedy Ram Aur Shyam (1967).\nIn 1976, Kumar took a five-year break from film performances and returned with a character role in the film Kranti (1981) and continued his career playing leading roles in films such as Shakti (1982), Mashaal (1984), Karma (1986) and Saudagar (1991). His last film was Qila (1998).He has won nine Filmfare Awards and is the first recipient of the Filmfare Best Actor Award (1954). Dilip Kumar had a long relationship with actress Madhubala but never married her. He married actress Saira Bano in 1966. He and his wife Saira Bano currently live in the Bandra suburb of Mumbai in the state of Maharashtra in India. As of 2020, he is the last living male actor from Bollywood's Golden Age of movies.", "Q329193": "George Axelrod (June 9, 1922 \u2013 June 21, 2003) was an American screenwriter, producer, playwright and film director, best known for his play, The Seven Year Itch (1952), which was adapted into a movie of the same name starring Marilyn Monroe. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his 1961 adaptation of Truman Capote's Breakfast at Tiffany's and also adapted Richard Condon's The Manchurian Candidate (1962).", "Q441074": "Gustav Nezval (18 November 1907 \u2013 17 September 1998) by civil name Augustin Nezval, was a Czech stage and film actor.", "Q44301": "James Douglas Morrison (December 8, 1943 \u2013 July 3, 1971) was an American singer, songwriter and poet, who served as the lead vocalist of the rock band the Doors. Due to his poetic lyrics, his widely recognized voice, unpredictable and erratic performances, and the dramatic circumstances surrounding his life and early death, Morrison is regarded by music critics and fans as one of the most iconic and influential frontmen in rock history. Since his death, his fame has endured as one of popular culture's most rebellious and oft-displayed icons, representing the generation gap and youth counterculture.Together with Ray Manzarek, Morrison co-founded the Doors during the summer of 1965 in Venice, California. The band spent two years in obscurity until shooting to prominence with their number-one single in the United States, \"Light My Fire,\" taken from their self-titled debut album. Morrison wrote or co-wrote many of the Doors' songs, including \"Light My Fire\", \"Break On Through (To the Other Side)\", \"The End\", \"Moonlight Drive\", \"People Are Strange\", \"Hello, I Love You\", \"Roadhouse Blues\", \"L.A. Woman\", and \"Riders on the Storm\". He recorded a total of six studio albums with the Doors, all of which sold well and received critical acclaim. Though the Doors recorded two more albums after Morrison died, his death severely affected the band's fortunes, and they split up in 1973. In 1993, Morrison was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Doors.Morrison was also well known for improvising spoken word poetry passages while the band played live. Morrison was ranked number 47 on Rolling Stone's list of the \"100 Greatest Singers of All Time\", and number 22 on Classic Rock magazine's \"50 Greatest Singers in Rock\". Manzarek said Morrison \"embodied hippie counterculture rebellion\".Morrison developed an alcohol dependency during the 1960s, which at times affected his performances on stage. He died unexpectedly at the age of 27 in Paris. As no autopsy was performed, the cause of Morrison's death remains unknown although it was ruled as cardiac arrest.", "Q118484": "Daniel Br\u00e9laz (born 4 January 1950, in Lausanne) is a Swiss mathematician and politician, member of the Green Party of Switzerland and mayor of Lausanne between 2001 and 2016.\nIn 1979, Daniel Br\u00e9laz became the first green representative elected to sit in a national parliament.", "Q318428": "Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is a 2005 stop-motion animated comedy film produced by Aardman Animations in partnership with DreamWorks Animation. United International Pictures distributed the film in the United Kingdom, and it was the last DreamWorks Animation film to be distributed by DreamWorks Pictures in the United States. It was directed by Nick Park and Steve Box as the second feature-length film by Aardman after Chicken Run (2000). The movie was released in Sydney, Australia on 4 September 2005, before being released in cinemas early in Australia on 15 September 2005, the United States and Canada on 7 October 2005, and in British cinemas in the United Kingdom a week later on 14 October 2005.\nThe Curse of the Were-Rabbit is a parody of classic monster movies and Hammer Horror flicks and also serves as part of the Wallace and Gromit series, created by Park. The film follows good-natured eccentric cheese-loving inventor Wallace and Gromit, his intelligent mute dog in their latest venture as pest control agents, as they come to the rescue of a village plagued by rabbits before an annual vegetable competition.\nThe film features an expanded cast of characters relative to the previous Wallace and Gromit shorts, with a voice cast including Helena Bonham Carter and Ralph Fiennes. It was a critical and commercial success, and won a number of film awards including the Oscar for Best Animated Feature, making it the second film from DreamWorks Animation to win (after Shrek), as well as both the second non-American animated film and second non computer-animated film to have received this achievement (after Spirited Away).", "Q1008": "Ivory Coast, also The Ivory Coast and formally C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, is a country located on the south coast of West Africa. Ivory Coast's political capital is Yamoussoukro in the centre of the country, while its economic capital and largest city is the port city of Abidjan. It borders Guinea to the northwest, Liberia to the west, Mali to the northwest, Burkina Faso to the northeast, Ghana to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) to the south. The official language of the republic is French, with local indigenous languages also being widely used that include Baoul\u00e9, Dioula, Dan, Anyin, and Cebaara Senufo. In total, there are around 78 different languages spoken in Ivory Coast. The country has large populations of Muslims, Christians (primarily Roman Catholics) and various indigenous religions.\nBefore its colonization by Europeans, Ivory Coast was home to several states, including Gyaaman, the Kong Empire and Baoul\u00e9. The area became a protectorate of France in 1843 and was consolidated as a French colony in 1893 amid the European scramble for Africa. It achieved independence in 1960, led by F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny, who ruled the country until 1993. Relatively stable by regional standards, Ivory Coast established close political and economic ties with its West African neighbors while at the same time maintaining close relations to the West, especially France. Ivory Coast experienced a coup d'\u00e9tat in 1999 and two religiously-grounded civil wars, first between 2002 and 2007 and again during 2010\u20132011. In 2000, the country adopted a new constitution.Ivory Coast is a republic with strong executive power vested in its president. Through the production of coffee and cocoa, the country was an economic powerhouse in West Africa during the 1960s and 1970s, though it went through an economic crisis in the 1980s, contributing to a period of political and social turmoil. It was not until around 2014 that the gross domestic product again reached the level of its peak in the 1970s. In the 21st century, the Ivorian economy has been largely market-based, and it still relies heavily on agriculture, with smallholder cash-crop production being predominant.", "Q121205": "Ulrich Biel (17 May 1907, in Berlin-Charlottenburg \u2013 6 January 1996, in Berlin) was a German politician and representative of the Christian Democratic Union. \nAfter studying law and political science in 1934, he emigrated to the United States because of his Jewish origins. After the end of World War II, he returned to Berlin as an American officer but became a German citizen again.", "Q349101": "Jason White (born November 11, 1973) is an American musician and singer, best known as the touring rhythm guitarist for the American punk rock band Green Day. He has played as a touring member of Green Day since 1997. In 2012, White became a full member of Green Day and also participated in the recording sessions for their \u00a1Uno!, \u00a1Dos!, \u00a1Tr\u00e9! album trilogy. However, his tenure as a full-time member ended in 2016. He is also the guitarist/vocalist for the Californian punk band Pinhead Gunpowder, and co-founder of Adeline Records alongside Billie Joe Armstrong, and guitarist and lead vocalist for the Green Day side project The Coverups.\nIn late 2014, he was diagnosed with tonsil cancer, which has since been treated.", "Q448736": "Ann Petry (October 12, 1908 \u2013 April 28, 1997) was an American writer of novels, short stories, children's books and journalism. Her 1946 debut novel The Street became the first novel by an African-American woman to sell more than a million copies.In 2019, the Library of America published a volume of her work containing The Street as well as her 1953 masterpiece, The Narrows and a few shorter pieces of nonfiction.", "Q1145586": "Curtis Rae Hasselbring (born July 12, 1965, Fort Wayne, Indiana) is an American jazz trombonist.\nHasselbring learned trombone and guitar while young, though he did not play guitar professionally until the 1990s. He studied formally at the New England Conservatory, graduating in 1988, then worked with Charlie Kohlhase and Ken Schaphorst. He took a master's degree at Rutgers in 1997, during which time he worked with Chris Speed, Bobby Previte, Cuong Vu, Satoko Fujii, and others. He is the leader of the ensembles The New Mellow Edwards, Decoupage, and Curha-chestra. He has released three albums as a leader.", "Q299122": "Jeffrey John Hanneman (January 31, 1964 \u2013 May 2, 2013) was an American musician, best known as a founding member of the American thrash metal band Slayer. Hanneman contributed both lyrical and musical material to every Slayer album up until his death in 2013 and wrote the songs \"Raining Blood\", \"War Ensemble,\" \"South of Heaven,\" \"Seasons in the Abyss,\" and \"Angel of Death,\" all of which have been played at almost every live Slayer performance after their respective compositions. He had his own signature guitar, the ESP Jeff Hanneman Signature model.", "Q14536": "Seth Adam Meyers (born December 28, 1973) is an American comedian, writer, producer, actor, and television host. He hosts Late Night with Seth Meyers, a late-night talk show that airs on NBC. Prior to that, he was a cast member and head writer for NBC's Saturday Night Live (2001\u20132014) and hosted the show's news parody segment, Weekend Update.", "Q263930": "The Next Three Days is a 2010 American thriller film written and directed by Paul Haggis and starring Russell Crowe and Elizabeth Banks. It was released in the United States on November 19, 2010, and was filmed on location in Pittsburgh. It is a remake of the 2008 French film Pour elle (Anything for Her) by Fred Cavay\u00e9 and Guillaume Lemans.", "Q964655": "Bruno Parma (born December 30, 1941) is a Slovene chess player and Grandmaster.\nParma was born in Ljubljana, Slovenia (then Yugoslavia). He first played in the World Junior Chess Championship in 1959, sharing second place. Two years later at age 21 he won the next Junior Championship (The Hague 1961), receiving the title of International Master.\nFIDE granted him the grandmaster title based on his outstanding performance at the Beverwijk tournament in 1963. He was the third Slovene to become a grandmaster, after Milan Vidmar (1950) and Vasja Pirc (1953). He won the Slovenian Chess Championship in 1959 and 1961 and shared third place with Dragoljub Mini\u0107, Milan Matulovi\u0107, and Bojan Kurajica in the 1968 Yugoslav Championship in \u010cate\u0161ke Toplice.\nIn an international tournament at San Juan, Puerto Rico in 1969 he was second together with two American grandmasters, Arthur Bisguier and Walter Browne, behind Boris Spassky. His best results was shared first with Georgi Tringov in Vr\u0161ac 1973 ahead of Wolfgang Uhlmann.Parma played for the Yugoslav team in the Chess Olympiads eight times: 1962, 1964, 1966, 1968, 1970, 1974, 1978, and 1980. The Yugoslav team won four silver medals and two bronze medals in those years.", "Q217069": "Peter Henry Abrahams Deras (3 March 1919 \u2013 18 January 2017), commonly known as Peter Abrahams, was a South African-born novelist, journalist and political commentator who in 1956 settled in Jamaica, where he lived for the rest of his life. His death at the age of 97 is considered to have been murder.", "Q1360782": "Antonio Esposito (born 15 July 1950) is an Italian musician, drummer and percussionist.", "Q77913": "Arnold von Siemens (13 November 1853 \u2013 29 April 1918) was a German telecommunications industrialist of the Siemens family, one of the successors on his family's company Siemens.", "Q7374479": "The Royal Microscopical Society (RMS) is a learned society for the promotion of microscopy. It was founded in 1839 as the Microscopical Society of London making it the oldest organisation of its kind in the world. In 1866, the society gained its royal charter and took its current name. Founded as a society of amateurs, its membership consists of individuals of all skill levels in numerous related fields from throughout the world. Every year since 1852, the society has published its own scientific journal, the Journal of Microscopy, which contains peer-reviewed papers and book reviews. The society is a registered charity that is dedicated to advancing science, developing careers and supporting wider understanding of science and microscopy through its Outreach activities.\nProbably the society's greatest contribution is its standardised 3x1 inches microscope glass slides in 1840, which are still the most widely used size today and known as the \"RMS standard\".The Royal Microscopical Society is a member of the Foundation for Science and Technology, the Biosciences Federation, the European Microscopy Society and the International Federation of Societies for Microscopy.", "Q353159": "Addison Jayne Timlin White (n\u00e9e Timlin; born June 29, 1991) is an American actress, best known for her roles as Jami Lerner in The Town That Dreaded Sundown (2014) and Colleen Lunsford in Little Sister (2016). She is also known for playing Sasha Bingham in Showtime's Californication.", "Q229187": "Sela Ann Ward (born July 11, 1956) is an American actress, author, and producer, best known for her roles on television beginning in the early 1980s.Her breakthrough TV role was as Teddy Reed in the NBC drama series Sisters (1991\u201396), for which she received her first Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 1994. She received her second Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama for the leading role of Lily Manning in the ABC drama series Once and Again (1999\u20132002). Ward later had the recurring role of Stacy Warner in the Fox medical drama House, also starred as Jo Danville in the CBS police procedural CSI: NY (2010\u20132013) and starred as Dana Mosier in the CBS police procedural series FBI (2018\u20132019).She also played supporting roles in films, including The Man Who Loved Women (1983), Rustlers' Rhapsody (1985), Nothing in Common (1986), Hello Again (1987), The Fugitive (1993), My Fellow Americans (1996), The Day After Tomorrow (2004), The Guardian (2006), The Stepfather (2009), and Gone Girl (2014).", "Q133601": "Murphy James Foster (January 12, 1849 \u2013 June 12, 1921) was the 31st Governor of the U.S. state of Louisiana, an office he held for two terms from 1892 to 1900. Foster supported the Louisiana Constitution of 1898, which effectively disfranchised the black majority, who were mostly Republicans. This led to Louisiana becoming a one-party Democratic state for several generations and excluding African Americans from the political system.\nLouisiana followed Mississippi (1890) and other southern states in adopting a new constitution with devices to disfranchise blacks, then a majority in the state, chiefly by making voter registration more difficult. This situation of discriminatory political exclusion was not corrected until after enforcement of constitutional rights by the federal government under the Voting Rights Act of 1965.", "Q258795": "Hell Is for Heroes is a 1962 American war film directed by Don Siegel and starring Steve McQueen. It tells the story of a squad of U.S. soldiers from the 95th Infantry Division who, in the fall of 1944, must hold off an entire German company for approximately 48 hours along the Siegfried Line until reinforcements reach them.", "Q2156727": "James Robert Cade (September 26, 1927 \u2013 November 27, 2007) was an American physician, university professor, research scientist and inventor. Cade, a native of Texas, earned his bachelor and medical degrees at the University of Texas, and became a professor of medicine and nephrology at the University of Florida. Although Cade engaged in many areas of medical research, he is most widely remembered as the leader of the research team that created the sports drink Gatorade. Gatorade would have significant medical applications for treating dehydration in patients, and has generated over $150 million in royalties for the university.\nIn his later years, Cade became a prominent philanthropist, donating significant sums to charities affiliated with the Lutheran Church, creating scholarships and donating freely to the University of Florida and other colleges and universities, and endowing his own charitable foundations.", "Q270019": "7 Seconds (often stylized as 7Seconds) was an American hardcore punk band from Reno, Nevada. Formed on January 17, 1980, by two sets of brothers; the Marvelli brothers, who used the punk rock names \"Kevin Seconds\" and \"Steve Youth,\" and the Borghino brothers, who took the names \"Tom Munist\" and \"Dim Menace.\" The band has gone through numerous lineup changes over the subsequent years, with only Kevin Seconds and Steve Youth remaining constant members.\nThe final lineup of 7 Seconds is Kevin Seconds (vocals), Steve Youth (bass), Troy Mowat (drums), and Bobby Adams (guitar).", "Q313596": "Leslie Cheung Kwok-wing (traditional Chinese: \u5f35\u570b\u69ae; simplified Chinese: \u5f20\u56fd\u8363; Jyutping: Zoeng1 Gwok3-wing4; born Cheung Fat-chung; 12 September 1956 \u2013 1 April 2003) was a Hong Kong singer and actor. He is considered \"one of the founding fathers of Cantopop\" for achieving huge success both in film and music.\nCheung debuted in 1977, and rose to prominence as a teen heartthrob and pop icon of Hong Kong in the 1980s, receiving numerous music awards including Most Popular Male Artist Awards at the 1988 and 1989 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards. In 1989, Cheung announced his retirement from the music industry as a pop singer. Returning to the music scene after a five-year hiatus, Cheung released his chart-topping comeback album Most Beloved (\u5bf5\u611b) which achieved a huge market success. In 1999, he won the Golden Needle Award for his outstanding achievement as a musician at the RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards, and his 1984 hit song Monica was voted as Hong Kong's \"Song of the Century\". He was honoured as \"Asia's Biggest Superstar\" at the 2000 CCTV-MTV Music Honours.Cheung won the 1991 Hong Kong Film Award (Days of Being Wild) and the 1994 Hong Kong Film Critics Society Award (Ashes of Time) for best actor. He had also won the 1994 Japan Film Critics Society Award for best actor for his performance in Farewell My Concubine and ten other best actor nominations, five Golden Horse Awards, three Cannes Film Festival Awards, an Asia Pacific Film Festival Award, and a Venice Film Festival Award.Cheung's music and films not only captured fans in Hong Kong but also other Asian areas including Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Mainland China, Japan and South Korea. He is the first foreign artist to hold 16 concerts in Japan, a record that has yet to be broken and also a record holder as the best-selling C-pop artist in Korea.Cheung was ranked in the 100 years of Chinese cinema. In 2010, he was voted the third \"Most Iconic Musicians of All Time\" (after Michael Jackson and The Beatles) by CNN with more than 100,000 people casting their votes. CNN considered Cheung as the \"Most Beautiful Man from Hong Kong Cinema\" and one of \"Asia's 25 Greatest Actors of All Time\".Cheung was diagnosed with depression and committed suicide on 1 April 2003, by jumping off the 24th floor of the Mandarin Oriental hotel in Hong Kong.", "Q541935": "Anna Maria Tremonti (born July 2, 1957) is a Canadian radio and television journalist who has been featured on a variety of radio and television programs on the CBC.\nShe has served as a senior reporter for The National, where she won two Gemini Awards, and a host of The Fifth Estate, where she won a Gracie Award. From 2002 until 2019, she hosted CBC Radio One's morning news and current affairs program The Current; in May 2019, she announced that she would retire from the program at the end of her 17th season, and will transition to a new role creating and hosting two new CBC podcasts. In November 2019, her first new podcast was announced, which was released in January 2020, as More With Anna Maria Tremonti.Born in Windsor, Ontario, she began her journalism career at the University of Windsor student newspaper, The Lance, and the university's radio station, CJAM.Her later experiences included private broadcasting contracts in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia at CKEC Radio and Toronto before serving with the CBC in Fredericton, Halifax, Edmonton, Ottawa and Toronto. She also worked as a CBC correspondent in Europe, and was for several years the chief CBC correspondent in the Middle East.She is the partner of Toronto city councillor John Filion.", "Q1881437": "MGM Records was a record label founded by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio in 1946 for the purpose of releasing soundtrack recordings (later LP albums) of their musical films. It transitioned into a pop music label which continued into the 1970s. The company also released soundtrack albums of the music for some of their non-musical films as well, and on rare occasions, cast albums of off-Broadway musicals such as The Fantasticks and the 1954 revival of The Threepenny Opera. In one instance, it released the highly successful soundtrack album of a film made by another studio, Columbia Pictures's Born Free (1966).", "Q84870": "Herman Poto\u010dnik (pseudonym Hermann Noordung; 22 December 1892 \u2013 27 August 1929) was a Slovene rocket engineer and pioneer of astronautics. He is chiefly remembered for his work addressing the long-term human habitation of space.", "Q25209813": "Alias Grace is a Canadian television miniseries directed by Mary Harron and written by Sarah Polley, based on Margaret Atwood\u2019s 1996 novel of the same name. It stars Sarah Gadon, Edward Holcroft, Rebecca Liddiard, Zachary Levi, Kerr Logan, David Cronenberg, Paul Gross, and Anna Paquin. The series consists of six episodes. It premiered on CBC on September 25, 2017 and appeared on Netflix on November 3, 2017.In advance of the series premiere, the first two episodes received a preview screening at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival in its Primetime lineup of selected television programming.The series was the third adaptation of an Atwood novel broadcast on television in 2017, after The Handmaid's Tale (adapted for Hulu) and Wandering Wenda (adapted for CBC Television's CBC Kids lineup).", "Q443688": "Birgitte Federspiel (6 September 1925 \u2013 2 February 2005) was a Danish film, theater and TV actress. She won two Bodil Awards for best actress in 1955 (Ordet) and 1959 (En fremmed banker p\u00e5).Born Karen Birgitte Federspiel in Copenhagen, she was the daughter of actor Ejner Federspiel and Gunver F\u00f6nss. She had a notable film roles as Inger in Ordet (1955) and, in later life, as Martine in Babette's Feast (1987), while on TV she played Baroness von Rydtger in three episodes of Matador. She died in Odense in 2005, aged 79.", "Q276468": "Jacqueline Joan Kim (born March 31, 1965) is an American writer, actress, filmmaker and composer. She was nominated for a FIND Independent Spirit award for Best Supporting Actress in the film Charlotte Sometimes.", "Q761491": "Mathilde Georgine \"Tilla\" Valstad (30 July 1871 \u2013 5 August 1957) was a Norwegian teacher, novelist and journalist.", "Q71351": "Ernst Scholz (3 May 1874 \u2013 26 June 1932) was a lawyer as well a politician in the Weimar Republic. He was chairman of the German People's Party (DVP) proceeding the death of Gustav Stresemann and a member of the Reichstag from 1921 to 1930.", "Q190155": "Van Halen ( van HAY-len) is an American rock band formed in Pasadena, California in 1972. Credited with \"restoring hard rock to the forefront of the music scene\", Van Halen is known for its energetic live shows and for the work of its acclaimed lead guitarist, Eddie Van Halen. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2007.\nFrom 1974 until 1985, Van Halen consisted of Eddie Van Halen; Eddie's brother, drummer Alex Van Halen; vocalist David Lee Roth; and bassist Michael Anthony. Upon its release, the band's self-titled debut album reached No. 19 on the Billboard pop music charts. By the early 1980s, Van Halen was one of the most successful rock acts of the time. The album 1984 was a hit; its lead single, \"Jump\", is the band's only U.S. number one single to date and was internationally known.\nIn 1985, Van Halen replaced Roth with former Montrose lead vocalist Sammy Hagar. With Hagar, the group released four U.S. number-one albums over the course of 11 years (5150 in 1986, OU812 in 1988, For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge in 1991, and Balance in 1995). Hagar left the band in 1996 shortly before the release of the band's first greatest hits collection, Best Of \u2013 Volume I. Former Extreme frontman Gary Cherone replaced Hagar, remaining with the band until 1999; Van Halen then went on hiatus until reuniting with Hagar for a worldwide tour in 2003. The following year, the band released The Best of Both Worlds, its second greatest hits collection. Hagar again left Van Halen in 2005; in 2006, Roth returned as lead vocalist. Anthony was fired from the band in 2006 and was replaced on bass guitar by Wolfgang Van Halen, Eddie's son. In 2012, the band released the commercially and critically successful A Different Kind of Truth.\nAs of March 2019, Van Halen is 20th on the RIAA list of best-selling artists in the United States; the band has sold 56 million albums in the States and more than 80 million worldwide, making them one of the best-selling groups of all time. As of 2007, Van Halen was one of only five rock bands with two studio albums that sold more than 10 million copies in the United States. Additionally, Van Halen has charted 13 number-one hits in the history of Billboard's Mainstream Rock chart. VH1 ranked the band seventh on a list of the top 100 hard rock artists of all time.", "Q6721203": "Alternative for Germany (German: Alternative f\u00fcr Deutschland, AfD) is a right-wing to far-right political party in Germany. Founded in April 2013, the AfD narrowly missed the 5% electoral threshold to sit in the Bundestag during the 2013 federal election. In 2014, the party won seven seats in the European election as a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists. After securing representation in 14 of the 16 German state parliaments by October 2017, in the 2017 federal election the AfD became the third-largest party in Germany after winning 94 seats in the Bundestag. It was the first time they had been represented there. The party is chaired by J\u00f6rg Meuthen and Tino Chrupalla; its lead candidates in the 2017 elections were AfD Co-Vice Chairman Alexander Gauland and Alice Weidel, who now serves as the party group leader in the Bundestag. In 2017 the AfD also became the largest opposition party in the Bundestag.\nThe party has been described as a German nationalist, right-wing populist, and Eurosceptic party. Since 2015, the AfD has been increasingly open to working with far-right extremist groups such as Pegida. Parts of the AfD have racist, Islamophobic, anti-Semitic, and xenophobic tendencies linked to far-right movements such as neo-Nazism and the Identitarian movement.In March 2020, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (German: Bundesamt f\u00fcr Verfassungsschutz) classified the far-right nationalistic faction known as Der Fl\u00fcgel as \"a right-wing extremist endeavor against the free democratic basic order\" and as \"not compatible with the Basic Law\" and therefore placed it under intelligence surveillance.\n\n", "Q116442": "Dominique Baettig (born 22 September 1953 in Del\u00e9mont) is a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss People's Party. \nA psychiatrist by profession, he represented the canton of Jura in the National Council in the 2007\u20132011 legislature.", "Q275161": "Peter Lawrence Strauss (born February 20, 1947) is an American television and film actor, known for his roles in several television miniseries in the 1970s and 1980s. He is five-time Golden Globe Awards nominee.", "Q4588122": "H\u00e5kon Rege (born 30 September 1955) is a Norwegian politician for the Progress and Conservative parties.\nRege was originally a member of the Progress Party, and became the party's first mayor in 1988, of the municipality Sola. In 1995 he however had \"had enough of the party\", and resigned and went over to the Conservative Party. He was again elected mayor of Sola in 1999, serving until 2011.", "Q194333": "William Martin Joel (born May 9, 1949) is an American singer-songwriter, composer, and pianist. Commonly nicknamed the \"Piano Man\" after his first major hit and signature song of the same name, he has led a commercially successful career as a solo artist since the 1970s, having released twelve studio albums from 1971 to 1993 as well as one studio album in 2001. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, as well as the sixth best-selling recording artist and the third best-selling solo artist in the United States, with over 150 million records sold worldwide. His 1985 compilation album, Greatest Hits Vol. 1 & 2, is one of the best-selling albums in the US.Joel was born in 1949 in The Bronx, New York, and grew up on Long Island, both places that influenced his music. Growing up, he took piano lessons at the insistence of his mother. After dropping out of high school to pursue a musical career, Joel took part in two short-lived bands, The Hassles and Attila, before signing a record deal with Family Productions and kicking off a solo career in 1971 with his first release, Cold Spring Harbor. In 1972, Joel caught the attention of Columbia Records after a live radio performance of the song \"Captain Jack\" became popular in Philadelphia, prompting him to sign a new record deal with the company and release his second album, Piano Man, in 1973. After releasing the albums Streetlife Serenade and Turnstiles in 1974 and 1976 respectively, Joel released his critical and commercial breakthrough album, The Stranger, in 1977. This album became Columbia's best-selling release, selling over 10 million copies and spawning several hit singles, including \"Just the Way You Are\", \"Movin' Out (Anthony's Song)\", \"Only the Good Die Young\", and \"She's Always a Woman\"; another song on this album, \"Scenes from an Italian Restaurant\", is Joel's favorite of his own songs and has become a staple of his live shows.Joel's next album, 52nd Street, was released in 1978 and became his first album to peak at No.1 on the Billboard 200 chart. Joel released his seventh studio album, Glass Houses, in 1980 in an attempt to further establish himself as a rock and roll artist; this release featured \"It's Still Rock and Roll to Me\" (Joel's first single to top the Billboard Hot 100 chart), \"You May Be Right\", \"Don't Ask Me Why\", and \"Sometimes a Fantasy\". His next album, The Nylon Curtain, was released in 1982, and stemmed from a desire from Joel to create more lyrically and melodically ambitious music. An Innocent Man, released in 1983, served as an homage to genres of music which Joel had grown up with in the 1950s, such as rhythm and blues and doo-wop; this release featured \"Uptown Girl\" and \"The Longest Time\", two of his best-known songs today. After releasing the albums The Bridge and Storm Front in 1986 and 1989 respectively, Joel released his twelfth and final studio album, River of Dreams, in 1993. He went on to release Fantasies and Delusions, a 2001 album featuring classical compositions composed by Joel and performed by British-Korean pianist Richard Hyung-ki Joo. Joel also provided voiceover work in 1988 for the animated Disney film, Oliver & Company, in which he played the character Dodger, and contributed to the soundtracks to several different films, including Easy Money, Ruthless People, and Honeymoon in Vegas.\nAcross the 20 years of his solo career, Joel produced 33 Top 40 hits in the U.S., all of which he wrote himself, and three of which (\"It's Still Rock and Roll to Me\", \"Tell Her About It\", and \"We Didn't Start the Fire\") managed to peak at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 charts. Joel has been nominated for 23 Grammy Awards, winning five of them, including Album of the Year for 52nd Street. Joel was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame (1992), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1999), and the Long Island Music Hall of Fame (2006). In 2001, Joel received the Johnny Mercer Award from the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2013, Joel received the Kennedy Center Honors, for influencing American culture through the arts. Since the advent of his solo career, Joel has held a successful touring career, holding live performances across the globe in which he sings several of his written songs. In 1987, he became one of the very first artists to hold a rock and roll tour in the Soviet Union following the country's alleviation of the ban on rock and roll music. Despite largely retiring from writing and releasing pop music following the release of River of Dreams, he continues to tour; he frequently performs at Madison Square Garden in Manhattan. Joel has been in several relationships, including marriages to Elizabeth Weber Small, model Christie Brinkley, and chef Katie Lee; since 2015, he has been married to Alexis Roderick, his fourth spouse. He also has three daughters: Alexa Ray Joel with Brinkley, and Della Rose and Remy Anne with Roderick.", "Q16217418": "Lilian Adriana Tintori Parra (born 5 May 1978) is a Venezuelan activist, athlete, television and radio host. Tintori is the wife of Leopoldo L\u00f3pez, a Venezuelan politician sentenced in 2015 to nearly 14 years in prison for \"inciting violence\" during street protests the year before. She has also led groups who have opposed the government of Venezuelan President Nicol\u00e1s Maduro.", "Q182551": "David Lee Camp (born July 9, 1953) is a former American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1991 to 2015. Camp represented Michigan's 4th congressional district since 1993, and previously served one term representing Michigan's 10th congressional district. A member of the Republican Party, Camp was chairman of the House Committee on Ways and Means, serving from 2011\u20132015. In March 2014, he announced that he would not run for re-election.", "Q234883": "Jennifer Ann Agutter (born 20 December 1952) is a British actress. She began her career as a child actress in 1964, appearing in East of Sudan, Star!, and two adaptations of The Railway Children\u2014the BBC's 1968 television serial and the 1970 film version. She also starred in the critically acclaimed film Walkabout and the TV film The Snow Goose (both 1971), for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama.\nShe relocated to the United States in 1974 to pursue a Hollywood career and subsequently appeared in Logan's Run (1976), Amy (1981), An American Werewolf in London (1981), and Child's Play 2 (1990). Parallel to her Hollywood film roles, Agutter continued appearing in high-profile British films such as The Eagle Has Landed (1976), Equus (1977), for which she won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role, and The Riddle of the Sands (1979). In 1981, she also co-starred in The Survivor, an Australian adaptation of the James Herbert novel, and was nominated for an AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role.\nAfter returning to Britain in the early 1990s to pursue family life, Agutter shifted her focus to television, and in 2000, she appeared in a new television adaptation of The Railway Children, this time taking on the role of the mother. She has continued to work steadily in British television drama, and since 2012, she has starred in the BBC's primetime ratings hit Call the Midwife. She also made a return to Hollywood film-making in 2012, appearing in Marvel's The Avengers, and reprised her role in Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014).\nAgutter is married with one adult son. She supports several charitable causes, mostly in relation to cystic fibrosis, a condition from which her niece suffers, and was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for charitable services.", "Q1144673": "The Royal Academy of Music in London, England, is the oldest conservatoire in the UK, founded in 1822 by John Fane and Nicolas-Charles Bochsa. It received its Royal Charter in 1830 from King George IV with the support of the first Duke of Wellington. It is one of the leading conservatoires in the UK, rated fourth in the Complete University Guide and third in the Guardian University Guide for 2018. Famous Academy alumni include Sir Simon Rattle, Sir Harrison Birtwistle, Sir Elton John and Annie Lennox.\nThe Academy provides undergraduate and postgraduate training across instrumental performance, composition, jazz, musical theatre and opera, and recruits musicians from around the world, with a student community representing more than 50 nationalities. It is committed to lifelong learning, from Junior Academy, which trains musicians up to the age of 18, through Open Academy community music projects, to performances and educational events for all ages.The Academy\u2019s museum is home to one of the world\u2019s most significant collections of musical instruments and artefacts, including stringed instruments by Stradivari, Guarneri, and members of the Amati family; manuscripts by Purcell, Handel and Vaughan Williams; and a collection of performing materials that belonged to leading performers. It is a constituent college of the University of London and a registered charity under English law.", "Q75889": "Johann Christian Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin (UK: , US: ; German: [\u02c8jo\u02d0han \u02c8k\u0281\u026asti\u032fa\u02d0n \u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0d\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8h\u0153ld\u0250li\u02d0n]; 20 March 1770 \u2013 7 June 1843) was a German poet and philosopher. Described by Norbert von Hellingrath as \"the most German of Germans\", H\u00f6lderlin was a key figure of German Romanticism. Particularly due to his early association with and philosophical influence on Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, he was also an important thinker in the development of German Idealism.Born in Lauffen am Neckar, H\u00f6lderlin's childhood was marked by bereavement. His mother intended for him to enter the Lutheran ministry, and he attended the T\u00fcbinger Stift, where he was friends with Hegel and Schelling. He graduated in 1793 but could not devote himself to the Christian faith, instead becoming a tutor. Two years later, he briefly attended the University of Jena, where he interacted with Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Novalis, before resuming his career as a tutor. He struggled to establish himself as a poet, and was plagued by mental illness. He was sent to a clinic in 1806 but deemed incurable and instead given lodging by a carpenter, Ernst Zimmer. He spent the final 36 years of his life in Zimmer's residence, and died in 1843 at the age of 73.\nH\u00f6lderlin followed the tradition of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller as an admirer of Greek mythology and Ancient Greek poets such as Pindar and Sophocles, and melded Christian and Hellenic themes in his works. Martin Heidegger, whom H\u00f6lderlin had a great influence on, said: \"H\u00f6lderlin is one of our greatest, that is, most impending thinkers because he is our greatest poet.\"", "Q995647": "Sidmouth is a town situated on the English Channel coast in Devon, South West England, 14 miles (23 km) east-southeast of Exeter. At the 2011 census the population was 12,569, with a median age of 59. It is a tourist resort and a gateway to the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. A large part of the town has been designated a conservation area.", "Q712319": "Isaac Willis (born November 12, 1955) is an American vocalist and guitarist who was a regular member of Frank Zappa's studio and touring bands from 1978 until the last tour in 1988. He did not tour with Zappa in 1981 and 1982 because he wanted to be home for the birth of his two children, but returned to touring with Zappa for his final two tours in 1984 (which Zappa intended at the time to be his final tour) and 1988. He currently tours with the Frank Zappa tribute bands Bogus Pomp, Ossi Duri, Project/Object, Pojama People, Ugly Radio Rebellion and ZAPPATiKA. He also performed several times with the Brazilian Zappa cover band, The Central Scrutinizer Band, The Muffin Men, and with the Italian bands Ossi Duri and Elio e le Storie Tese . Additionally, he has appeared multiple times at the annual Zappanale Festival in Bad Doberan, Germany. He is most recognized for his involvement in Zappa records such as playing Joe in Joe's Garage, providing vocals on Tinsel Town Rebellion, You Are What You Is, and The Man from Utopia, and as the title character and narrator in Zappa's off-Broadway-styled conceptual musical Thing-Fish.\nWillis also regularly does studio voice work and writes compositions for films. He also creates solo music and leads The Ike Willis Band. He has released two solo studio albums under his own name and is working on another album.", "Q185558": "Iv\u00e1n M\u00e1ndy (23 December 1918 in Budapest \u2013 6 October 1995 in Budapest) was a Hungarian writer.", "Q469075": "Maria Panayotova Kirova (Bulgarian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u041f\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430) (born January 13, 1982), best known as Maria (Bulgarian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f), is a Bulgarian pop-folk singer.\n\n", "Q329178": "Justice is a French electronic music duo consisting of Gaspard Aug\u00e9 and Xavier de Rosnay. The duo's label is Ed Banger Records which is managed by the label's head, Pedro Winter. Justice is known for incorporating a strong rock and indie influence into its music and image.The band's debut album Cross was released in June 2007 to critical acclaim. The album was later nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album and came in at number 15 on Pitchfork's Top 50 Albums of 2007 and number 18 on Blender's \"25 Best Albums of 2007\" list. It was nominated for the 2007 Shortlist Prize, losing out to The Reminder by Feist. The band's remix of the MGMT song \"Electric Feel\" won the Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical in 2009.In September 2009, it was announced that Justice would be moving to WMG/Atlantic's newly relaunched Elektra Records label. The band reportedly started to work on its second album in mid-2010. The first single entitled \"Civilization\" was released on 28 March 2011. The band released its second album, Audio, Video, Disco, on 24 October 2011. This was followed by the live album on 7 May 2013, titled Access All Arenas. Justice announced their third album, Woman, through their Facebook page, and it was released on 18 November 2016.", "Q235223": "Wanda Lavonne Jackson (born October 20, 1937) is a retired American singer, songwriter, pianist and guitarist who had success in the mid-1950s and 1960s as one of the first popular female rockabilly singers, and a pioneering rock-and-roll artist. She is known to many as the \"Queen of Rockabilly\" or the \"First Lady of Rockabilly\".Jackson mixed country music with fast-moving rockabilly, often recording them on opposite sides of a record. As rockabilly declined in popularity in the 1960s, she moved to a successful career in mainstream country music with a string of hits between 1961 and 1973, including \"Right or Wrong\", \"Tears Will Be the Chaser for Your Wine\", \"A Woman Lives for Love\" and \"Fancy Satin Pillows\".\nShe had a resurgence in popularity in the 1980s among rockabilly revivalists in Europe and younger Americana fans. In 2009, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the category Early Influence.On March 27, 2019, Jackson announced her official retirement from performing.", "Q101880": "Carl Graf von Horn (February 16, 1847 \u2013 June 5, 1923) was a Bavarian Colonel General and War Minister from April 4, 1905 to February 16, 1912. He was born in W\u00fcrzburg and died in Munich. Before he became minister, he was Lieutenant General and divisional commander in Regensburg, where the Hornstra\u00dfe is named in honor of him.", "Q63033": "Anna Maria M\u00fche (born July 23, 1985) is a German actress.", "Q5281706": "Discos y Cintas Denver (Denver tapes and discs) is an independent Mexican record label known for their catalogue of underground Mexican rock music, among other less popular genres.", "Q328266": "Josef Kopta (16 June 1894 in Libochovice, Bohemia \u2013 3 April 1962 in Prague) was a Czech writer and journalist.\nBefore World War I Kopta worked as a bank clerk. In 1914 he was sent to the Eastern front, in 1915 taken prisoner and later joined Czechoslovak Legions in Russia.\nAfter the war he worked as a journalist in newspapers N\u00e1rodn\u00ed osvobozen\u00ed and Lidov\u00e9 noviny. In 1919 Kopta started to write poetry, without having much of success. During the 1920s and 1930s he, together with Franti\u0161ek Langer and Rudolf Medek represented literary form concentrated on the Legions (legion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 literatura). Kopta's short novels and stories were the most successful of his writing.\nKopta concentrates on common people dragged into the war and on psychology of characters during the warfare and post-war life. His characters enthusiastically support the national cause and are usually suspicious of the Russian Revolution of 1917. Before and after World War II Kopta published several books for the youth.", "Q347879": "Vanessa Redgrave (born 30 January 1937) is an English actress of stage, screen, and television, and a political activist. She is a 2003 American Theatre Hall of Fame inductee, and received the 2010 BAFTA Fellowship.Redgrave rose to prominence in 1961 playing Rosalind in the Shakespeare comedy As You Like It with the Royal Shakespeare Company and has since starred in more than 35 productions in London's West End and on Broadway, winning the 1984 Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Revival for The Aspern Papers, and the 2003 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the revival of Long Day's Journey into Night. She also received Tony nominations for The Year of Magical Thinking and Driving Miss Daisy.\nOn screen she has starred in scores of films and is a six-time Oscar nominee, winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the title role in the film Julia (1977). Her other nominations were for Morgan: A Suitable Case for Treatment (1966), Isadora (1968), Mary, Queen of Scots (1971), The Bostonians (1984), and Howards End (1992). Among her other films are A Man for All Seasons (1966), Blowup (1966), Camelot (1967), The Devils (1971), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), Prick Up Your Ears (1987), Mission: Impossible (1996), Atonement (2007), Coriolanus (2011), and The Butler (2013). Redgrave was proclaimed by Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams as \"the greatest living actress of our times\", and has won the Oscar, Emmy, Tony, BAFTA, Olivier, Cannes, Golden Globe, and the Screen Actors Guild awards.\nA member of the Redgrave family of actors, she is the daughter of Sir Michael Redgrave and Lady Redgrave (the actress Rachel Kempson), the sister of Lynn Redgrave and Corin Redgrave, the mother of actresses Joely Richardson and Natasha Richardson, the aunt of British actress Jemma Redgrave, the mother-in-law of actor Liam Neeson, and film producer Tim Bevan, and the grandmother of Daisy Bevan, Miche\u00e1l and Daniel Neeson.", "Q140162": "Zafer \u015eenocak (/z\u00e6\u02c8f\u0251\u0279 \u02c8\u0283\u025bno\u028a\u02a4\u0259k/ born May 25, 1961) is a German writer well known for his poems, essays, and books. He is often regarded as a speaker for Turks living in Germany and is a prominent voice in the discussion of multiculturalism and cultural identity in Germany. Born in Ankara, he has lived in Germany since 1970 and in Berlin since 1989.", "Q361100": "Adolf Burger (12 August 1917 \u2013 6 December 2016) was a Jewish Slovak typographer, memoir writer, and Holocaust survivor involved in Operation Bernhard. The film The Counterfeiters, based largely on his memoirs, won the 2007 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.", "Q101658": "Peter Hauk (born 24 December 1960 in Walld\u00fcrn, Germany) is a German politician of the CDU party. He has been a member of the Landtag (state parliament) of Baden-Wuerttemberg since 1992. From 2005 until 2010 he was Minister for Nutrition and Rurality (rural areas) and from 2010 until the election of Guido Wolf to faction leader in 2015 he was CDU group leader and leader of the opposition in the Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg state parliament. Since 12 May 2016 he is a member of the Cabinet Kretschmann II as Minister for Rural Affairs and Consumer Protection.", "Q213582": "Arthur Adamov (23 August 1908 \u2013 15 March 1970) was a playwright, one of the foremost exponents of the Theatre of the Absurd.", "Q1785": "Charles Aznavour ( AZ-n\u0259-VOOR, French: [\u0283a\u0281l aznavu\u0281]; born Shahnour Vaghinag Aznavourian, Armenian: \u0547\u0561\u0570\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0580 \u054e\u0561\u0572\u056b\u0576\u0561\u056f \u0531\u0566\u0576\u0561\u057e\u0578\u0582\u0580\u0575\u0561\u0576, Shahnur Vaghinak Aznavuryan; 22 May 1924 \u2013 1 October 2018) was a French-Armenian singer, lyricist, actor and diplomat. Aznavour was known for his distinctive tenor voice: clear and ringing in its upper reaches, with gravelly and profound low notes. In a career as a composer, singer and songwriter, spanning over 70 years, he recorded more than approximately 1,200 songs interpreted in 9 languages. Moreover, he wrote or co-wrote more than 1,000 songs for himself and others.\nAznavour was one of France's most popular and enduring singers. He sold 180 million records during his lifetime and was dubbed France's Frank Sinatra, while music critic Stephen Holden described Aznavour as a \"French pop deity\". He was also arguably the most famous Armenian of his time. In 1998, Aznavour was named Entertainer of the Century by CNN and users of Time Online from around the globe. He was recognized as the century's outstanding performer, with nearly 18% of the total vote, edging out Elvis Presley and Bob Dylan. Jean Cocteau said: \"Before Aznavour, despair was unpopular\".Aznavour sang for presidents, popes and royalty, as well as at humanitarian events. In response to the 1988 Armenian earthquake, he founded the charitable organization Aznavour for Armenia along with his long-time friend impresario Levon Sayan. In 2009, he was appointed ambassador of Armenia to Switzerland, as well as Armenia's permanent delegate to the United Nations at Geneva.He started his last world tour in 2014. On 24 August 2017, Aznavour was awarded the 2,618th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Later that year, he and his sister were awarded the Raoul Wallenberg Award for sheltering Jews during World War II. His last concert took place in NHK Hall in Osaka on 19 September 2018.", "Q195993": "Jean-Paul Agon (born 6 July 1956) is the current Chairman and CEO of international cosmetic company, L'Or\u00e9al, since 17 March 2011.\nHe graduated from HEC Paris in 1978.", "Q436571": "Belinda Jane Emmett (12 April 1974 \u2013 11 November 2006) was an Australian actress and singer. She was best known for her roles in the TV drama series Home and Away and All Saints as well as comedy Hey Dad..!. She was married to Australian television host, comedian and media personality Rove McManus.", "Q71437": "John Brugman, O.F.M., was a 15th-century Franciscan friar, who became a renowned preacher in the Netherlands", "Q540395": "Sonny Curtis (born May 9, 1937) is an American singer and songwriter. Most of his work falls into the pop and country genres. He was a teenage friend and band member with Buddy Holly in Lubbock, Texas.", "Q1466157": "The Theatre Faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (DAMU) is one of the three faculties of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (alongside the Film and TV school and the Music Faculty). It was founded immediately after the Second World War. It was established in 1945 as part of the newly created arts university. Teachers at the faculty have included prominent personalities of modern Czech theatre including Otomar Krej\u010da, set designer Franti\u0161ek Tr\u00f6ster, Ivan Vysko\u010dil, director Ji\u0159\u00ed Frejka, and Miroslav Haller. DAMU is a member of the European League of Institutes of the Arts (ELIA) and the European Network of Cultural Administration Training Centres (ENCATC).", "Q2745500": "John Joseph Francis Mulhall (October 7, 1887 \u2013 June 1, 1979) was an American film actor beginning in the silent film era who successfully transitioned to sound films, appearing in over 430 films in a career spanning 50 years.", "Q1638939": "Knut Schreiner (born 18 December 1974 in Bergen, Norway), is a Norwegian singer, musician and producer currently residing in Oslo. Also known by his stage name Euroboy, he has been part of important Norwegian bands like K\u00e5re and The Cavemen known in its last years as Euroboys, with Turbonegro known in Norway as Turboneger, in the musical project Black Diamond Brigade and recently is a member of Mirror Lakes. He has also been in other musical projects and produced other bands, notably Euroboys, Amulet and The Lovethugs.", "Q1855666": "Michael Jackson's Thriller is a 1983 music video for the Michael Jackson song \"Thriller\", directed by John Landis and written by Landis and Jackson. It references numerous horror films, and stars Jackson performing a dance routine with a horde of the undead. Ola Ray co-stars as Jackson's girlfriend.\nJackson contacted Landis after seeing his film An American Werewolf in London (1981). The pair conceived a short film with a budget much larger than previous music videos. It was filmed at the Palace Theatre in Downtown Los Angeles, the junction of Union Pacific Avenue and South Calzona Street in East Los Angeles, and the Angeleno Heights neighborhood at 1345 Carroll Avenue. A making-of documentary, Making Michael Jackson's Thriller, was also produced to receive financing from television networks.\nMichael Jackson's Thriller was launched to great anticipation and played regularly on MTV. It doubled the sales of the Thriller album, helping it become the bestselling album in history, and sold over a million copies on VHS, becoming the bestselling videotape at the time. It is credited for transforming music videos into a serious art form, breaking down racial barriers in popular entertainment, and popularizing the making-of documentary. The success transformed Jackson into a dominant force in global pop culture.Many elements of Michael Jackson's Thriller have had a lasting impact on popular culture, such as the zombie dance and Jackson's red jacket, designed by Landis's wife Deborah Nadoolman. Fans worldwide re-enact its zombie dance and it remains popular on YouTube. The Library of Congress described it as \"the most famous music video of all time\", and it has been named the greatest video of all time by various publications and readers' polls. In 2009, it became the first music video inducted into the National Film Registry as \"culturally, historically or aesthetically\" significant.", "Q76358": "Carl von Ossietzky (3 October 1889 \u2013 4 May 1938) was a German journalist and pacifist and the recipient of the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize for his work in exposing the clandestine German re-armament.Ossietzky was convicted of espionage in 1931 after publishing details of Germany's violation of the Treaty of Versailles by rebuilding an air force (the predecessor of the Luftwaffe) and training pilots in the Soviet Union. Imprisoned, he contracted tuberculosis and died in hospital.\nIn 1990, his daughter Rosalinde von Ossietzky-Palm called for a resumption of proceedings, but the verdict was upheld by the Federal Court of Justice in 1992.", "Q239419": "Saskia Sassen (born January 5, 1947) is a Dutch-American sociologist noted for her analyses of globalization and international human migration. She is Robert S. Lynd Professor of Sociology at Columbia University and Centennial visiting Professor at the London School of Economics. Sassen coined the term global city.", "Q57396": "For the Kyrgyz politician, see Ivan Rebrov.\n\nIvan Rebroff (31 July 1931 \u2013 27 February 2008) was a German-born vocalist, allegedly of Russian ancestry, who rose to prominence for his distinct and extensive vocal range of four and a half octaves, ranging from the soprano to bass registers.\n\n", "Q104720": "Zielona G\u00f3ra [\u0291e\u02c8l\u0254na \u02c8\u0261ura] (listen) (German: Gr\u00fcnberg in Schlesien) is the largest city in Lubusz Voivodeship, located in western Poland, with 140,874 inhabitants (2019). Zielona G\u00f3ra has been in Lubusz Voivodeship since 1999, prior to which it was the capital of Zielona G\u00f3ra Voivodeship from 1950 to 1998. It is the seat of the province's elected assembly, while the seat of the centrally appointed governor is located in the city of Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski. Zielona G\u00f3ra has a favourable geographical position, being located not far from the Polish-German border and on several international road and rail routes connecting Scandinavia with Southern Europe and Warsaw with Berlin. The region is also closely associated with vineyards and holds an annual Wine Fest.", "Q31013": "Patti LaBelle (born Patricia Louise Holte; May 24, 1944) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. LaBelle began her career in the early 1960s as lead singer and front woman of the vocal group, Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles. Following the group's name change to Labelle in the early 1970s, they released the iconic disco song \"Lady Marmalade\" and the group later became the first African-American vocal group to land the cover of Rolling Stone magazine. LaBelle is commonly identified as the \"Godmother of Soul\".After the group split in 1976, LaBelle began a successful solo career, starting with her critically acclaimed debut album, which included the career-defining song, \"You Are My Friend\". LaBelle became a mainstream solo star in 1984 following the success of the singles, \"If Only You Knew\", \"New Attitude\" and \"Stir It Up\", with the latter two crossing over to pop audiences and becoming radio staples.Less than two years later, in 1986, LaBelle scored with the number-one album, Winner in You and the number-one duet single, \"On My Own\", with Michael McDonald. LaBelle eventually won a 1992 Grammy for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for her 1991 album, Burnin', followed by a second Grammy win for the live album, Live! One Night Only. Her 1990s albums, Burnin', Gems (1994) and Flame (1997), continued her popularity with young R&B audiences throughout the decade. Following the release of two mildly receptive solo albums in the early new millennium, she reunited with her Labelle bandmates for the album, Back to Now, followed by a briefly well received promotional tour. LaBelle's success has extended as an actress with a notable role in the film, A Soldier's Story, and in TV shows such as A Different World and American Horror Story: Freak Show. In 1992, LaBelle starred in her own TV sitcom, Out All Night. A decade later, LaBelle hosted her own lifestyle TV show, Living It Up with Patti LaBelle on TV One. In 2015, LaBelle took part in the dance competition, Dancing with the Stars.\nIn a career that has spanned fifty years, she has sold more than 50 million records worldwide. LaBelle has been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and the Apollo Theater Hall of Fame. LaBelle was included in Rolling Stone on their list of 100 Greatest Singers. LaBelle is a dramatic soprano and is noted for her vocal power, range and emotive delivery.", "Q1371102": "Ethan John Luck is an American musician, producer, multi-instrumentalist and photographer who has played in several bands, most prominently, the ska band The O.C. Supertones and rock band Relient K. He has played on albums for Demon Hunter, Kutless, Roper, Nikki Clan and Last Tuesday.", "Q40826": "Knut Hamsun (August 4, 1859 \u2013 February 19, 1952) was a Norwegian writer who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1920. Hamsun's work spans more than 70 years and shows variation with regard to consciousness, subject, perspective and environment. He published more than 20 novels, a collection of poetry, some short stories and plays, a travelogue, works of non-fiction and some essays.\nThe young Hamsun objected to realism and naturalism. He argued that the main object of modernist literature should be the intricacies of the human mind, that writers should describe the \"whisper of blood, and the pleading of bone marrow\". Hamsun is considered the \"leader of the Neo-Romantic revolt at the turn of the 20th century\", with works such as Hunger (1890), Mysteries (1892), Pan (1894), and Victoria (1898). His later works\u2014in particular his \"Nordland novels\"\u2014were influenced by the Norwegian new realism, portraying everyday life in rural Norway and often employing local dialect, irony, and humour.Hamsun is considered to be \"one of the most influential and innovative literary stylists of the past hundred years\" (ca. 1890\u20131990). He pioneered psychological literature with techniques of stream of consciousness and interior monologue, and influenced authors such as Thomas Mann, Franz Kafka, Maxim Gorky, Stefan Zweig, Henry Miller, Hermann Hesse, and Ernest Hemingway. Isaac Bashevis Singer called Hamsun \"the father of the modern school of literature in his every aspect\u2014his subjectiveness, his fragmentariness, his use of flashbacks, his lyricism. The whole modern school of fiction in the twentieth century stems from Hamsun\".On August 4, 2009, the Knut Hamsun Centre was opened in Hamar\u00f8y. Since 1916, several of Hamsun's works have been adapted into motion pictures.", "Q144310": "Edwin Yates Webb (May 23, 1872 \u2013 February 7, 1955) was a Democratic United States Representative from North Carolina and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina.", "Q266109": "Jacqueline Bonnell Marteau Emerson (born August 21, 1994) is an American actress and singer. She rose to prominence after she portrayed Foxface in the film The Hunger Games. She is a former member of the teenage pop band Devo 2.0, as well as the Stanford Shakespeare Company. She appeared in the Video ETA's list of ten up and coming stars predicted to be A-listers by 2015, along with fellow Hunger Games cast member Willow Shields. In 2011, she recorded her first single \"Peter Pan\", and in 2012, her song \"Catch Me If You Can\" was released on YouTube.", "Q550192": "Jean-Maurice-\u00c9mile Baudot (French: [emil bodo]; 11 September 1845 \u2013 28 March 1903), French telegraph engineer and inventor of the first means of digital communication Baudot code, was one of the pioneers of telecommunications. He invented a multiplexed printing telegraph system that used his code and allowed multiple transmissions over a single line. The baud unit was named after him.\n\n", "Q237420": "Donna Leon (; born September 28, 1942, in Montclair, New Jersey) is the American author of a series of crime novels set in Venice, Italy, featuring the fictional hero Commissario Guido Brunetti. In 2003, she received the Corine Literature Prize.\nLeon lived in Venice for over 30 years and now resides in a small village in Switzerland. She also has a home in Zurich. She was a lecturer in English literature for the University of Maryland University College \u2013 Europe (UMUC-Europe) in Italy and then worked as a professor from 1981 to 1999 at the American military base of Vicenza, Italy. She has stopped teaching and concentrated on writing and other cultural activities in the field of music (especially baroque music).Her Commissario Brunetti novels all take place in or around Venice. They are written in English and have been translated into many foreign languages, but--at Leon's request--not into Italian. The ninth Brunetti novel, Friends in High Places, won the Crime Writers' Association Silver Dagger in 2000. German television has produced 22 Commissario Brunetti episodes for broadcast.", "Q4221855": "K\u012brtan\u0101nanda Sv\u0101m\u012b (September 6, 1937 \u2013 October 24, 2011) was a Guru-Acarya of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness and the Founder-Acarya of New Vrindaban, a Hare Krishna community in Marshall County, West Virginia, where he served as spiritual leader from 1968 until he left it in 1994. He was also the first \"sannyasin\" of the ISKCON.", "Q1194650": "The Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (abbreviated IIT Delhi or IITD) is a public technical and research university located in Hauz Khas, Delhi, is one of the 7 old IITs in India.\nEstablished in 1961, was formally inaugurated August 1961 by Prof. Humayun Kabir, Minister of Scientific Research & Cultural Affairs. First admissions were made in 1961. The current campus has an area of 320 acres (or 1.3 km\u00b2) and is bounded by the Sri Aurobindo Marg on the east, the Jawaharlal Nehru University Complex on the west, the National Council of Educational Research and Training on the south, and the New Ring Road on the north,and flanked by Qutub Minar and the Hauz Khas monuments.The institute was later decreed in Institutes of National Importance under the Institutes of Technology Amendment Act, 1963 and accorded the status of a full University with powers to decide its own academic policy, to conduct its own examinations, and to award its own degrees. In 2018 it was awarded the Institution of Eminence status.\nIn 2018 IIT Delhi was also given the status of Institution of Eminence (IoE) by Government of India which granted almost-full autonomy, leaving this institute to make its own decisions. According to a government statement issued earlier, these IoEs will have greater autonomy in that they will be able to admit foreign students up to 30% of the admitted students and recruit foreign faculty up to 25% of the faculty strength with enhanced research funding.\n\n", "Q363703": "Eduardo Noriega G\u00f3mez (Spanish pronunciation: [e\u02c8\u00f0wa\u027e\u00f0o no\u02c8\u027eje\u0263a]; born 1 August 1973) is a Spanish film actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles in two of Alejandro Amen\u00e1bar's films: the multiple Goya Award-winning Tesis (Thesis) (1996) and Open Your Eyes (Spanish: Abre los Ojos) (1997). He also starred in The Wolf (Spanish: El Lobo) (2004). In the United States, Noriega is best known for his role as Enrique in the political thriller Vantage Point (2008).", "Q57382": "Christa Wolf (n\u00e9e Ihlenfeld; 18 March 1929 \u2013 1 December 2011) was a German literary critic, novelist, and essayist. She was one of the best-known writers to emerge from the former East Germany.", "Q267217": "Elsa Viveca Torstensdotter Lindfors (29 December 1920 \u2013 25 October 1995) was a Swedish-born American stage and film actress, and singer.", "Q334883": "Gambit is a 1966 American comedy heist film starring Shirley MacLaine and Michael Caine as two criminals involved in an elaborate plot centered on a priceless antiquity owned by millionaire Mr. Shahbandar, played by Herbert Lom. It was nominated for three Academy Awards.\nThe film was advertised with the tagline, \"Go Ahead: Tell the End (It's Too Hilarious to Keep Secret) But Please Don't Tell the Beginning!\"\nGambit was directed by Ronald Neame from a screenplay by Jack Davies and Alvin Sargent from the original story of Sidney Carroll.\nA remake, with only basic ideas in common, was released in 2012, with a script by Joel and Ethan Coen.", "Q1752538": "The Stand is a 1994 American television horror miniseries based on the novel of the same name by Stephen King. King also wrote the teleplay and has a minor role in the series. It was directed by Mick Garris, who previously directed the King adaptation Sleepwalkers (1992). In order to satisfy expectations from King fans and King himself, The Stand is a mostly faithful adaptation to the original book, with only minor changes to material that would otherwise have not met broadcast standards and practices, and in order to keep ABC content. \nThe Stand includes a cast of more than 125 speaking roles and features Gary Sinise, Miguel Ferrer, Rob Lowe, Ossie Davis, Ruby Dee, Jamey Sheridan, Laura San Giacomo, Molly Ringwald, Corin Nemec, Adam Storke, Ray Walston, Ed Harris, and Matt Frewer. The miniseries was shot in several locations and on 225 sets. However, each episode was given a $6 million budget. To reduce cost, the miniseries was shot on 16mm film. The Stand originally aired on ABC from May 8 to May 12, 1994. Reviews were positive and the miniseries was nominated for six Primetime Emmy Awards, winning two for its makeup and sound mixing.", "Q29648": "Patrick Graham Forrester (born March 31, 1957) is a retired United States Army officer and a NASA astronaut. At the time of his retirement from the U.S. Army, Forrester had achieved the rank of colonel. He is married and has two children.\nForrester has flown on three Space Shuttle missions, STS-105, STS-117 and STS-128. He is the current Chief of the Astronaut Office, having assumed the role from Chris Cassidy in June 2017.", "Q22971677": "AOA Cream is a subgroup of the South Korean girl group AOA, formed by FNC Entertainment in 2016. It is composed of three AOA members: Yuna, Hyejeong and Chanmi. The group is notable for their debut single, I'm Jelly Baby.", "Q1651743": "Michael Davidson (born 1963 as Michael Jay Davidson in New Jersey) is a singer and songwriter.", "Q67241": "Gals (French: Chules) is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q212688": "Dub is a genre of electronic music that grew out of reggae in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and is commonly considered a subgenre, though it has developed to extend beyond the scope of reggae. The style consists predominantly of partly or completely instrumental remixes of existing recordings and is achieved by significantly manipulating and reshaping the recordings, usually through the removal of some or all of the vocals, emphasis of the rhythm section (the stripped-down drum-and-bass track is sometimes referred to as a riddim), the application of studio effects such as echo and reverb, and the occasional dubbing of vocal or instrumental snippets from the original version or other works. It was an early form of popular electronic music.Dub was pioneered by recording engineers and producers such as Osbourne \"King Tubby\" Ruddock, Lee \"Scratch\" Perry, Errol Thompson and others beginning in the late 1960s. Augustus Pablo is credited with bringing the melodica to dub, and is also among the pioneers and creators of the genre. Similar experiments with recordings at the mixing desk outside the dancehall environment were also done by producers Clive Chin and Herman Chin Loy. These producers, especially Ruddock and Perry, looked upon the mixing console as an instrument, manipulating tracks to come up with something new and different. The Roland Space Echo was widely used by dub producers in the 1970s to produce echo and delay effects.Dub has influenced many genres of music, including rock (most significantly the subgenre of post-punk and other kinds of punk), pop, hip hop, post-disco, and later house, techno, ambient, electronic dance music, and trip hop. Dub has become a basis for the genres of jungle and drum and bass Traditional dub has survived, and some of the originators, such as Lee \"Scratch\" Perry and Mad Professor, continue to produce new material.\n\n", "Q13476305": "Sarah Louise Bouton Felt (May 5, 1850 \u2013 February 13, 1928), also known as \"Louie\", was the first general president of the children's Primary organization of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) between 1880 and 1925. She was the General Primary president for longer than any other president.Louise Bouton was born in South Norwalk, Connecticut. She and her family were members of the LDS Church and moved to Utah Territory in 1866. Along the way, Bouton met Joseph Felt and after they married they were sent to live in Muddy River in an effort to settle the area. The settlement was not successful and they returned to live in Salt Lake City, where Felt was a stake young women's organization officer and ward Primary president. Encouraged by Louise, Joseph married two other women, and though Louise was unable to have children, she helped raise the children and grandchildren of her sister wives. In 1880, Felt was appointed as general Primary president in 1880, but was not involved in its administration until 1890. Felt and the members of the Primary raised funds for charity, for the initial publication of The Children's Friend, and for the construction and administration of the LDS Children's Convalescent Home and Day Nursery. Felt received training in Progressive education and used her knowledge to make changes to Primary curricula. She divided children into age groups and included stories, crafts, and games in lessons.\nFelt was very close friends with her sister wives and the Primary secretary, May Anderson. Anderson lived in the same home as Felt and they shared a bedroom. Two Mormon historians speculate that their relationship may have been romantic, an argument partially based on florid descriptions of their love for one another published in The Children's Friend. Three other Mormon historians counter that such florid prose describing intimacy was normal for relationships between women in 19th-century America and assert that their relationship was platonic.", "Q64748": "Seewis im Pr\u00e4ttigau is a Swiss village in the Pr\u00e4ttigau and a municipality in the Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q379983": "Adventures of Power is an American feature film written and directed by Ari Gold, starring Ari Gold, Michael McKean, Jane Lynch, Shoshannah Stern, Chiu Chi Ling, and Adrian Grenier and featuring Steven Williams, Jimmy Jean-Louis, Annie Golden and Nick Kroll, with a cameo performance by Rush drummer Neil Peart. The soundtrack includes original songs by Ethan Gold and hits by Rush, Mr. Mister, Judas Priest, Phil Collins, Dazz Band, Loverboy, Bow Wow Wow and Woody Guthrie. The film premiered at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival and made its European debut at the 2008 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. It was released theatrically in 2009 by Variance Films and on DVD/VOD by Phase 4 Films.", "Q182223": "Maroon 5 is an American pop rock band from Los Angeles, California. It currently consists of lead vocalist Adam Levine, keyboardist and rhythm guitarist Jesse Carmichael, bassist Mickey Madden, lead guitarist James Valentine, drummer Matt Flynn, keyboardist PJ Morton, and multi-instrumentalist Sam Farrar. Original members Levine, Carmichael, Madden, and drummer Ryan Dusick first came together as Kara's Flowers in 1994, while they were still in high school. After self-releasing their independent album We Like Digging?, the band signed to Reprise Records and released the album The Fourth World in 1997. The album garnered a tepid response, after which the record label dropped the band and the members focused on college. In 2001, the band re-emerged as Maroon 5, pursuing a different direction and adding guitarist Valentine. The band signed with Octone Records, an independent record label with a separate joint venture relationship with J Records and released their debut album Songs About Jane in June 2002. Aided by its lead single, \"Harder to Breathe\", which received heavy airplay, the album peaked at number six on the Billboard 200 chart, and went platinum in 2004. The band won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 2005. In 2006, Dusick left the band after suffering from serious wrist and shoulder injuries and was replaced by Matt Flynn.\nThe band's second album It Won't Be Soon Before Long, was released in May 2007. It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart and the lead single \"Makes Me Wonder\", became the band's first number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2010, the band released the third album Hands All Over, to mixed reviews, re-releasing a year later to include the single \"Moves like Jagger\", which topped the Billboard Hot 100. In 2012, Carmichael left the group and was replaced by musician PJ Morton, as the band released the fourth album Overexposed, with the song \"One More Night\", topping the Billboard Hot 100 chart for nine consecutive weeks.\nIn 2014, Carmichael rejoined the band alongside Morton to record the fifth album V (pronounced: \"five\"), with the band signed a new label, Interscope Records and Levine's own label 222 Records. Following the release of V, it reached number one on the Billboard 200 chart. In 2016, Maroon 5 recruited their long-time collaborator Sam Farrar, as the band continued for the sixth studio album Red Pill Blues, which was released in November 2017. For the addition of Morton and Farrar, which leading the band's lineup to seven official members. With the successful singles of both albums \"Sugar\" and \"Girls Like You\", are peaked at numbers two and one on the Hot 100 chart respectively. Maroon 5 has sold more than 120 million records, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists.", "Q377776": "Tortilla Flat is a 1942 American romantic comedy film directed by Victor Fleming and starring Spencer Tracy, Hedy Lamarr, John Garfield, Frank Morgan, Akim Tamiroff, and Sheldon Leonard based on the novel of the same name by John Steinbeck.\nFrank Morgan received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his poignant portrayal of The Pirate.", "Q1988375": "Oleg Yuriyovych Skrypka (Ukrainian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433 \u042e\u0301\u0440\u0456\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043f\u043a\u0430, romanized: Ol\u00e9h J\u00farijovy\u010d Skr\u00fdpka, pronounced [o\u02c8l\u025b\u0266 \u02c8jur\u207d\u02b2\u207eijow\u026at\u0283 \u02c8skr\u026apk\u0250]; Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433 \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043f\u043a\u0430, romanized: Ol\u00e9g J\u00far'jevi\u010d Skripka, pronounced [\u0250\u02c8l\u02b2ek \u02c8j\u0289r\u02b2\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8skr\u02b2ipk\u0250]; born 24 May 1964) is a Ukrainian musician, vocalist, composer, and leader of the group Vopli Vidoplyasova.", "Q64990": "Oberentfelden is a municipality in the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q223455": "Joshua Thomas Radnor (born July 29, 1974) is an American actor, filmmaker, author and musician. He is best known for portraying Ted Mosby on the popular Emmy Award-winning CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother. He made his writing and directorial debut with the 2010 comedy drama film Happythankyoumoreplease, for which he won the Sundance Film Festival Audience Award and was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize.\nIn 2012, he wrote, directed and starred in his second film, Liberal Arts, which premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. In 2014, Radnor portrayed Isaac in the Broadway play Disgraced, which earned a Tony Award for Best Play nomination. He then starred as Dr. Jedediah Foster on the PBS American Civil War drama series Mercy Street and as Lou Mazzuchelli in the musical series Rise.", "Q441935": "Carolyn Lee Hennesy (born June 10, 1962) is an American actress, author, and animal advocate, who is best known for her work throughout film and television. Hennesy\u2018s early work consisted of guest appearances and roles in shows and television movies, including Dark Justice and in Deadly Invasion: The Killer Bee Nightmare. She then rose to prominence when she was cast in a recurring role in Dawson's Creek. She followed this with a series of guest appearances until she gained international acclaim after landing the role of Diane Miller on the daytime television series General Hospital, for which she earned a Daytime Emmy Award nomination. Follow this, she was cast in more recurring roles in shows such as Cougar Town, Revenge, and Jessie. She also received much credibility for her role in The Bay, for which she won her first Daytime Emmy Award.\nHennesy has also taken up writing, and made her debut as an author with the 2011 novel The Secret Life of Damian Spinelli, featuring characters from General Hospital, which reached #16 on the New York Times Best Seller list. She is also known for her work as an advocate for animals, notable for her work promoting AZA zoos and aquariums, as well as promoting accredited marine parks like SeaWorld.", "Q23403": "Joshua Francis Sussman (born December 30, 1983) is an American actor, best known for his role as Hugh Normous in Wizards of Waverly Place and his role as Jacob Ben Israel in Glee. He also had a minor role on the Nickelodeon TV series Drake & Josh as Clayton.", "Q275613": "Laure Sainclair (born 24 April 1972) is a French former adult film actress.Sainclair first worked as a model for nude photography. She eventually met pornographic actresses at an adult entertainment convention in Rennes, and decided to try her hand at the sex industry. She worked for a time as a stripper, then made her first adult film in 1995, a semi-amateur production titled Maud s'offre \u00e0 toi. Her first experience was a negative one but she eventually met producer Marc Dorcel who made her his first contract performer. and \"brand ambassador\". Sainclair went on to be the most popular adult film actress in France during the second half of the 1990s.\nShe has won several awards in Europe but has made only a handful of films in the U.S. She received Hot d'Or Awards for Best European Starlet in 1996 and for Best European Actress in 1997 and 1998 (for Les Nuits de la Pr\u00e9sidente \u2013 Video Marc Dorcel).In 1999, after her contract with Dorcel ended, she left the sex industry, and later entirely disavowed her adult film career. She tried to reinvent herself as a singer, but without success. In 2012, she sued her former music producer, who had also been her life partner, for rape and domestic abuse.", "Q337352": "The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) is a merit-based science academy established for developing countries, uniting 1,000 scientists in some 70 countries. Its principal aim is to promote scientific capacity and excellence for sustainable development in developing countries. It was formerly known as the Third World Academy of Sciences. Its headquarters is located on the premises of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy.\nTWAS was founded in 1983 under the leadership of the Nobel Laureate Abdus Salam of Pakistan by a group of distinguished scientists who were determined to do something about the dismal state of scientific research in developing countries.\n\nAlthough developing countries account for 80% of the world's population, only 28% of the world's scientists hail from these countries. This fact reflects the lack of innovative potential necessary to solve real-life problems affecting poor nations.\nA chronic lack of funds for research often forces scientists in developing countries into intellectual isolation, jeopardizing their careers, their institutions and, ultimately, their nations.\nScientists in developing countries tend to be poorly paid and gain little respect for their work because the role that scientific research can play in development efforts is underestimated. This in turn leads to brain drain in favour of the North that further impoverishes the South.\nResearch institutions and universities in the South are under-funded, forcing scientists to work in difficult conditions and often with outdated equipment.The founding members of TWAS therefore decided to set up an organization that would help to:\n\nRecognize, support and promote excellence in scientific research in the South;\nProvide promising scientists in the South with research facilities necessary for the advancement of their work;\nFacilitate contacts between individual scientists and institutions in the South;\nEncourage South\u2013North cooperation between individuals and centres of scholarship;\nPromote scientific research on major developing countries problems.Since its inception, TWAS's operational expenses have largely been covered by generous contributions of the Italian government; since 1991 UNESCO has been responsible for the administration of TWAS finance and staff on the basis of an agreement signed by the director general of UNESCO and the president of TWAS.\nIt was named \"Third World Academy of Sciences\" until 2004 and \"TWAS, the academy of sciences for the developing world\" before September 2012,\nwhen it was renamed to is current name, \"The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries\".", "Q1791": "Jean II Carondelet (1469 in D\u00f4le \u2013 7 February 1545 in Mechelen), was a Burgundian cleric, politician, jurist and one of the most important advisors to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. He was a patron of Erasmus and a brother of Ferry Carondelet.", "Q119765": "J\u00fcrg Laederach (20 December 1945 \u2013 19 March 2018) was a Swiss writer.", "Q646748": "Golden Boy (Japanese: \u30b4\u30fc\u30eb\u30c7\u30f3\u30dc\u30fc\u30a4, Hepburn: G\u014druden B\u014di) is a Japanese comedy manga series written and illustrated by Tatsuya Egawa about a 25-year-old freeter, pervert, and \"travelling student\" named Kintaro Oe (\u5927\u6c5f \u9326\u592a\u90ce, \u014ce Kintar\u014d). The manga was originally serialized in Shueisha's Super Jump starting in 1991, with the first collected volume released the following year. Parts of the manga were adapted into a six-episode original video animation (OVA) series produced by Shueisha and KSS in 1995, which was subsequently released through ADV Films in North America in December 1996. ADV's license of the series expired in 2007, however in November 2007, Media Blasters acquired the license to it. Media Blasters has confirmed that the dub produced by ADV was kept. In 2012, Media Blasters lost the Golden Boy license and the license was acquired by Discotek Media.\nKintaro, despite having met the requirements for a law degree, left Tokyo University without graduating. Golden Boy depicts his living the life of a free spirit, roaming Japan from town to town, job to job. During his travels, Kintaro meets several women whose lives he dramatically changes, despite poor first impressions. He constantly observes and studies the people and events around him, recording his findings in a notebook he carries on his belt.\nThe Golden Boy OVA has been positively received by English-language reviewers, but it is widely known for its mature content: while the OVA is not strictly a hentai animation, it does feature instances of partial female nudity, orgasms, and female masturbation. In contrast, the manga becomes almost pornographic starting in the second volume.In the 2010 19th issue of Business Jump, it was announced that a sequel to the Golden Boy manga was in the works. Tatsuya Egawa stated that the sequel involved Kintaro taking on the entertainment world for his next job.", "Q4356411": "Bernarr Macfadden (born Bernard Adolphus McFadden, August 16, 1868 \u2013 October 12, 1955) was an American proponent of physical culture, a combination of bodybuilding with nutritional and health theories. He founded the long-running magazine publishing company Macfadden Publications. He was the predecessor of Charles Atlas and Jack LaLanne, and has been credited with beginning the culture of health and fitness in the United States.\n\n", "Q161806": "The Acad\u00e9mie Fran\u00e7aise (French: Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise, French pronunciation: \u200b[akademi f\u0281\u0251\u0303s\u025b\u02d0z]), sometimes referred to as the French Academy, is the pre-eminent French council for matters pertaining to the French language. The Acad\u00e9mie was officially established in 1635 by Cardinal Richelieu, the chief minister to King Louis XIII. Suppressed in 1793 during the French Revolution, it was restored as a division of the Institut de France in 1803 by Napoleon Bonaparte. It is the oldest of the five acad\u00e9mies of the institute.\nThe Acad\u00e9mie consists of forty members, known informally as les immortels (the immortals). New members are elected by the members of the Acad\u00e9mie itself. Academicians hold office for life, but they may resign or be dismissed for misconduct. Philippe P\u00e9tain, named Marshal of France after the victory of Verdun of World War I, was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie in 1931 and, after his governorship of Vichy France in World War II, was forced to resign his seat in 1945. The body has the task of acting as an official authority on the language; it is charged with publishing an official dictionary of the language. Its rulings, however, are not binding on either the public or the government.", "Q23365": "Jeremy Lee Renner (born January 7, 1971) is an American actor, musician and songwriter. He began his career by appearing in independent films such as Dahmer (2002) and Neo Ned (2005). Renner earned supporting roles in bigger films, such as S.W.A.T. (2003) and 28 Weeks Later (2007). Renner was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in The Hurt Locker (2008) and for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Town (2010). His films have grossed over $3.5 billion in North America and over $9.8 billion worldwide, making him one of the highest-grossing box-office stars of all time.Renner played Hawkeye in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor (2011), The Avengers (2012), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016) and Avengers: Endgame (2019). He also appeared in Mission: Impossible \u2013 Ghost Protocol (2011), The Bourne Legacy (2012), Hansel and Gretel: Witch Hunters (2013), American Hustle (2013), Mission: Impossible \u2013 Rogue Nation (2015), and Arrival (2016).", "Q89398": "Ulrike Lunacek (German pronunciation: [\u0294\u028al\u02c8ri\u02d0k\u025b \u02c8lu\u02d0nat\u0283\u025bk]] born 26 May 1957) is an Austrian politician who has been serving as State Secretary for Cultural Affairs in the government of Chancellor Sebastian Kurz since 2020. She is a member of the Austrian green party The Greens \u2013 The Green Alternative, part of the European Green Party.\nFrom 2009 until 2017, Lunacek was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP). During that time, she served as Vice President of the European Parliament, Member of the Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament and head of delegation of the Austrian Greens in the European Parliament. She was Kosovo rapporteur and co-president of the Intergroup on LGBTI Rights and Member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Substitute in the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs. \nIn 2017, Lunacek was the Greens' top candidate for the Austrian general election, in which the party suffered a historic defeat and failed to win a single seat in parliament for the first time since 1983. Lunacek subsequently stepped down from all Austrian and EU political functions.", "Q470256": "Gennadi Mikhailovich Strekalov (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432; October 26, 1940 \u2013 December 25, 2004) was an engineer, cosmonaut, and administrator at Russian aerospace firm RSC Energia. He flew into space five times and lived aboard the Salyut-6, Salyut-7, and Mir space stations, spending over 268 days in space. The catastrophic explosion of a Soyuz rocket in 1983 led to him being one of only four people to use a launch escape system. He was decorated twice as Hero of the Soviet Union.", "Q815721": "Nysa [\u02c8n\u0268sa] (listen) (German: Neisse or Nei\u00dfe) is a town in southwestern Poland on the Eastern Neisse (Nysa K\u0142odzka) river, situated in the Opole Voivodeship. With 43,849 inhabitants (2019), it is the capital of Nysa County. It comprises the urban portion of the surrounding Gmina Nysa. Historically the town was part of Upper Silesia.", "Q291581": "Mona Hofland (24 November 1929 \u2013 11 February 2010) was a Norwegian actress of theatre and television.", "Q1268453": "The Royal Academy for Dutch Language and Literature (Dutch: Koninklijke Academie voor Nederlandse Taal- en Letterkunde, or KANTL) is an institution focused on the study and promotion of the Dutch language in Flanders. It is the Dutch-speaking counterpart of the Acad\u00e9mie royale de langue et de litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aises de Belgique and one of Belgium's numerous academies.", "Q834937": "Ibrahim Aqif Bi\u00e7ak\u00e7iu (also known as Ibrahim Bi\u00e7aku) was an Albanian landowner and Axis collaborator, Chairman of the Provisional Executive Committee from September 14 to October 24, 1943, and Prime Minister of Albania from September 6 to October 26, 1944 during the Nazi occupation.", "Q695510": "Arnold Johnson (March 23, 1893 in Chicago \u2013 July 25, 1975 in St. Petersburg, Florida) was an American big band pianist, arranger, composer, and leader during the swing jazz era.\nJohnson worked in a Chinese restaurant in Chicago as a pianist when he was fourteen years old, and also worked as an accompanist for vaudeville revues. He studied at the Chicago College of Music and the American Conservatory of Music. He took a job as a pianist in Rudy Wiedoeft's New York-based Frisco Jass Band in the early 1920s, and also worked briefly in real estate around this time. He formed his own band in the middle of the 1920s, which recorded for Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records; Freddy Martin and Harold Arlen were sidemen in the group. Later, Vic Berton, Bob Chester, and Danny Polo would join the band, which played in the Broadway musicals George White Scandals, Greenwich Village Follies, and Earl Carroll's Sketchbook in 1928-1929. The group performed frequently in dance halls in New York and Chicago.Johnson disbanded the group in the early 1930s, and became involved in the broadcasting business, working as a director and producer of radio \nprograms such as National Amateur Night.", "Q7486": "Emperor Huizong of Song (7 June 1082 \u2013 4 June 1135), personal name Zhao Ji, was the eighth emperor of the Song dynasty in China. He was also a very well-known calligrapher. Born as the 11th son of Emperor Shenzong, he ascended the throne in 1100 upon the death of his elder brother and predecessor, Emperor Zhezong, because Emperor Zhezong's only son died prematurely. He lived in luxury, sophistication and art in the first half of his life. In 1126, when the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty invaded the Song dynasty during the Jin\u2013Song Wars, Emperor Huizong abdicated and passed on his throne to his eldest son, Zhao Huan who assumed the title Emperor Qinzong while Huizong assumed the honorary title of Taishang Huang (or \"Retired Emperor\"). The following year, the Song capital, Bianjing, was conquered by Jin forces in an event historically known as the Jingkang Incident. Emperor Huizong, along with Emperor Qinzong and the rest of their family, were taken captive by the Jurchens and brought back to the Jin capital, Huining Prefecture in 1128. The Jurchen ruler, Emperor Taizong of Jin, gave the former Emperor Huizong a title, Duke Hunde (literally \"Besotted Duke\"), to humiliate him. After his surviving son, Zhao Gou, declared himself as the dynasty's tenth emperor as Emperor Gaozong, the Jurchens used him, Qinzong, and other imperial family members to put pressure on Gaozong and his court to surrender. Emperor Huizong died in Wuguo after spending about nine years in captivity.\nDespite his incompetence in rulership, Emperor Huizong was known for his promotion of Taoism and talents in poetry, painting, calligraphy and music. He sponsored numerous artists at his imperial court, and the catalogue of his collection listed over 6,000 known paintings.\n\n", "Q98295": "Gisela Kraft (28 June 1936 - 5 January 2010) was a German author and poet. She also undertook extensive work as a literary translator from Turkish to German.Gisela Kraft formed her own judgements and lived by them. One adjective that repeatedly appears in sources describing her is \"idiosyncratic\".", "Q100234": "Marion Schick (born September 5, 1958) is a German manager, politician and professor. From February 2010 to May 2011 she was Minister of Education of the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. Before being named minister she served as president of Munich University of Applied Sciences. Deutsche Telekom has named her as future chairman for human resources.From 1977 to 1981 Schick studied education with economics at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU). From 1982 to 1983 she was a teacher trainee at a professional school and finished the state examination to become a teacher. From 1983 to 1987 she was a research assistant at Bundeswehr University Munich and there also obtained a doctorate in education (Dr. phil.).From 1987 to 1990 she worked with human resources and management training of ADAC and Allianz and subsequently took over a position as head of marketing department at Rodenstock GmbH.\nIn 1993 she got a management chair at Munich University of Applied Sciences. From 1999 to 2000 she served as the university's vice president and in the following year was named president and kept this position until 2008. From 2006 to 2008 She also served as head of the conference of the presidents of the Bavarian universities of applied sciences. She also was a member of the board of the Fraunhofer Society and head of human resources and legal issues.\nIn February 2010 then conservative prime minister of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Stefan Mappus, named her Minister of Education. She kept this position until the elections in May 2011, won by the German Green Party and the social democrats.", "Q234897": "Mich\u00e8le Morgan (French: [mi\u0283\u025bl m\u0254\u0281\u0261an]; 29 February 1920 \u2013 20 December 2016) was a French film actress, who was a leading lady for three decades in both French cinema and Hollywood features. She is considered to have been one of the great French actresses of the 20th century. Morgan was the inaugural winner of the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1992, she was given an honorary C\u00e9sar Award for her contributions to French cinema.", "Q117748": "Charles Estoppey (15 February 1820 in Payerne \u2013 30 October 1888 in Saint-L\u00e9gier) was a Swiss politician of the Free Democratic Party. \nBorn in Payerne, Charles Estoppey was the son of Jean-Daniel Estoppey, a school teacher, and married to Elisabeth Marguerite B\u00f6hlen. He studied law in Lausanne between 1840 and 1844 and then became judge in Payerne between 1845 and 1848. \nHe was elected State Councillor of the Canton of Vaud between 1866 and 1888, at the National Council between 1852 and 1863, and at the Council of States between 1867 and 1873, and again between 1875 and 1888.\nIn 1875, he was elected to the Swiss Federal Council, However, he stood down and was replaced by Numa Droz", "Q3429993": "Ria van Dyke (born 16 February 1989) is a New Zealand model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe New Zealand 2010. Van Dyke represented New Zealand at the Miss Universe 2010 in Las Vegas, Nevada.", "Q530100": "Isabelle Spaak (born October 5, 1960) is a Belgian writer living in Paris.The daughter of Fernand Spaak and Anna-Maria Farina, she was born in Brussels and grew up there. In July 1981, her mother killed her father and then committed suicide. Spaak moved to France later that year, attending Paris West University Nanterre La D\u00e9fense. She went on to work as a journalist for VSD; later, she was put in charge of the culture pages of Le Parisien Magazine.She is perhaps best known for two autobiographical novels \u00c7a ne se fait pas (2004), which received the Prix Victor-Rossel, and Pas du tout mon genre (2006). In 2011, she published Militants, a non-fiction work on the French Socialist party. Spaak published a third novel Une allure folle, based on the lives of her mother and grandmother, in 2016.", "Q67527": "Georg Milbradt (born 23 February 1945) is a German politician (CDU) who was the 2nd Minister President of Saxony from 2002 to 2008.", "Q189410": "Manga (also stylized as maNga) is a Turkish rock band whose music is mainly a fusion of Anatolian melodies with electronic elements. In 2009, they won both the Best Turkish Act award from MTV Turkey and consequently the Best European Act award from MTV Networks Europe in MTV Europe Music Awards 2009. They represented Turkey at the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 with the song \"We Could Be the Same\" and took second place.", "Q248592": "Sarah Dawn Finer (born 14 September 1981) is a Swedish singer, songwriter and actress. Her father is of English heritage from the United Kingdom, her Jewish mother is from the United States, and she was born and raised in Sweden. As a student she attended the Adolf Fredrik's Music School, a high-profile song-and-chorus school in Stockholm, where she was also President of the students' union. She is also known for playing Lynda Woodruff, the \"official\" spokesperson of the EBU in Melodifestivalen and the Eurovision Song Contest, a character created by Edward af Sill\u00e9n.", "Q77734": "Doris D\u00f6rrie (German: [\u02c8d\u0153ri\u032f\u0259]; born 26 May 1955) is a German film director, producer and author.", "Q397682": "Ville Juhana Haapasalo (born 28 February 1972) is a Finnish stage and film actor who has worked in Finland and Russia. His acting career started in 1995, after he finished his studies in St. Petersburg. In 2003, he was honored with the State Prize of the Russian Federation for his role of Veikko in the film The Cuckoo directed by Aleksandr Rogozhkin.", "Q124382": "Maurice Mess\u00e9gu\u00e9 (14 December 1921 \u2013 16 June 2017) was a French herbalist and author of several books on herbal medicine and cooking with herbs. In his autobiography, he claims to have treated Winston Churchill, Chancellor Adenauer of Germany, and the future Pope John XXIII.\nHe was born in Colayrac-Saint-Cirq (Lot-et-Garonne).\nIn 1971, he was elected the Mayor of the town of Fleurance.\nMess\u00e9gu\u00e9 practices a form of herbalism passed down through his family. Some of the practices involve, among other things, soaking the patient's feet and hands in a strong concoction of locally gathered herbs.", "Q442582": "Deborah Voigt (born August 4, 1960) is an American dramatic soprano who has sung roles in operas by Wagner and Richard Strauss.", "Q3838": "Kinshasa (; French: [kin\u0283asa]; Lingala: Kins\u00e1s\u00e1), formerly L\u00e9opoldville (Dutch: Leopoldstad), is the capital and the largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The city is situated alongside the Congo River.\nOnce a site of fishing and trading villages, Kinshasa is now a megacity with an estimated population of more than 11 million. It faces Brazzaville, the capital of the neighbouring Republic of the Congo, which can be seen in the distance across the wide Congo River, making them the world's second-closest pair of capital cities after Rome and Vatican City. The city of Kinshasa is also one of the DRC's 26 provinces. Because the administrative boundaries of the city-province cover a vast area, over 90 percent of the city-province's land is rural in nature, and the urban area occupies a small but expanding section on the western side.Kinshasa is Africa's third-largest urban area after Cairo and Lagos. It is also the world's largest Francophone urban area (surpassing Paris in population), with French being the language of government, schools, newspapers, public services, and high-end commerce in the city, while Lingala is used as a lingua franca in the street. Kinshasa hosted the 14th Francophonie Summit in October 2012.Residents of Kinshasa are known as Kinois (in French and sometimes in English) or Kinshasans (English). The indigenous people of the area include the Humbu and Teke.", "Q217096": "Naruhito (\u5fb3\u4ec1, pronounced [na\u027e\u026f\u00e7i\u0325to]; born 23 February 1960) is the Emperor of Japan. He acceded to the Chrysanthemum Throne on 1 May 2019, beginning the Reiwa era, following the abdication of his father, Akihito. He is the 126th monarch according to Japan's traditional order of succession.", "Q71345": "Ewald Bucher (19 July 1914 in Rottenburg am Neckar, Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg \u2013 4 November 1991 in Mutlangen) was a German politician of the FDP.\nHe received a Juris Doctor from the University of Munich in 1941 and served then as a soldier in World War II from 1941 to 1944. During the Third Reich he was a member of the Nazi Party and of the SA. After the Second World War he joined the Free Democratic Party. From 1945 to 1953, he was a lawyer in Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd.\nFrom December 1962 to March 1965, he was West German Minister of Justice. In 1964, he tried to become the West German Bundespr\u00e4sident, but Heinrich L\u00fcbke was re-elected.\nFrom October 1965 to October 1966, he was West German Minister for regional planning, construction and urban development. He and three other FDP-Ministers resigned in October 1966 to make the downfall of Chancellor Ludwig Erhard complete.\nFrom 1953 to 1969, he was a member of the West German Bundestag.\nFrom 1984, he was a member of the CDU.", "Q518854": "Delicious Vinyl is an American independent record label founded by Matt Dike and Michael Ross in 1987 and based in Los Angeles, California.", "Q365414": "Adolph Gustav Kiefer (June 27, 1918 \u2013 May 5, 2017) was an American competition swimmer, Olympic competitor, the last surviving gold medalist of the 1936 Summer Olympics and former world record-holder. He was the first man in the world to swim the 100-yard backstroke in under one minute. Kiefer was also an inventor and innovator of new products related to aquatics competition.", "Q96290": "Helmut Scholz is a German politician who is serving as an The Left (Germany) Member of the European Parliament.He is a member of the Working Group on the Conference on the Future of Europe.", "Q111311": "Gerlinde Stobrawa (born 23 January 1949 in Altk\u00fcnkendorf), also known under her Stasi code name IM Marisa, is a former politician for Die Linke and its predecessors. She was a member of the council of the Bezirk of Frankfurt (Oder) from 1984 to 1989, and completed a degree in sociology at the Parteihochschule Karl Marx of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany from 1986 to 1988. She was elected to the Landtag of the state of Brandenburg in 1990 and served as its Vice President from 2005 to 2009. \nThe fact of Stobrawa having a past as an informer for the East German secret police Stasi was public knowledge since 1991. However she resigned in November 2009 as Vice President of the Landtag when the extent of her past was revealed by the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records. Stobrawa argued that as part of her activities on the council of the Bezirk of Frankfurt (Oder) she met and was responsible for international delegations from a variety of countries, and that related security matters had to be monitored by the Ministry for State Security (Stasi).", "Q234667": "Sara Carbonero Ar\u00e9valo (born 3 February 1984) is a Spanish sports journalist. Since early 2000, she was a TV presenter for Telecinco, until she moved to Porto, in Portugal, when her husband Iker Casillas joined FC Porto in July 2015.\n\n", "Q159369": "Arcadius (Latin: Flavius Arcadius Augustus; Greek: \u1f08\u03c1\u03ba\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2; 1 January 377 \u2013 1 May 408) was Eastern Roman Emperor from 395 to 408. He was the eldest son of Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of the Western Emperor Honorius. A weak ruler, his reign was dominated by a series of powerful ministers and by his wife, Aelia Eudoxia.", "Q790332": "Arthur Derounian (born Avedis Boghos Derounian, April 9, 1909 \u2013 April 23, 1991), also known as John Roy Carlson among many pen names, was an Armenian-American journalist and author, best-selling author of Under Cover.Derounian wrote for the Armenian Mirror-Spectator, Fortune Magazine, the Council Against Intolerance and the Friends of Democracy. In the 1950s he founded and managed the Armenian Information Service, which made a number of publications. His expos\u00e9 writing has been the subject of lawsuits.Derounian is also notable for editing the manifesto of Armenia's first Prime Minister, Hovhannes Kajaznuni.", "Q195011": "Pistol for a Hundred Coffins (Italian: Una pistola per cento bare, Spanish: El sabor del odio (The Taste of Hate), also known as A Gun for One Hundred Graves and Vengeance) is a 1968 Italian-Spanish Spaghetti Western film written and directed by Umberto Lenzi and starring Peter Lee Lawrence.", "Q427326": "Fonovisa Records is an American Spanish language record label founded in 1984 by Guillermo Santiso as a subsidiary of Televisa. Its former name before being acquired by Televisa in 1984 was Profono Internacional, which was founded in 1978. Fonovisa mainly produces Mexican style music. It is well known for its signing with artists such as Los Tigres Del Norte, Los Bukis, Enrique Iglesias, Lucero and Thal\u00eda.\nIn late 2002, Fonovisa was acquired from Televisa by the Univision Music Group. Fonovisa was owned by the Univision Music Group until May 2008 when it was bought by Universal Music Group. It is now part of Universal Music Latin Entertainment. Fonovisa headquarters are now in the Capitol Record Building, in Hollywood, California.", "Q281962": "Ernest Torrence (born Ernest Torrance-Thomson, 26 June 1878 \u2013 15 May 1933) was a Scottish film character actor who appeared in many Hollywood films, including Broken Chains (1922) with Colleen Moore, Mantrap (1926) with Clara Bow and Fighting Caravans (1931) with Gary Cooper and Lili Damita. A towering (6' 4\") figure, Torrence frequently played cold-eyed and imposing villains.", "Q1076831": "Alan McGee (born 29 September 1960) is a Scottish businessman and music industry executive. He has been a record label owner, musician, manager, and music blogger for The Guardian. He co-founded the independent Creation Records label, running it from 1983 until its closure in 1999. He subsequently founded the Poptones label, running it from 1999 to 2007. He has managed or championed acts such as The Jesus and Mary Chain, Primal Scream, My Bloody Valentine, Oasis, and The Libertines. He was also the lead singer and guitarist for the indie pop group Biff Bang Pow!, who were active from 1983 to 1991.", "Q74215": "Angelika Niebler (n\u00e9e Rupertseder; born 18 February 1963) is a German politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Germany. She is a member of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria, part of the European People's Party.", "Q151735": "Mahmut Cel\u00e2l Bayar (16 May 1883 \u2013 22 August 1986) was a Turkish politician, who was the third President of Turkey from 1950 to 1960; previously he was Prime Minister of Turkey from 1937 to 1939. Bayar, as the Turkish President, was decorated with the Legion of Merit by the President of the United States, as a result of Turkey's participation in the Korean War. He is considered to be the longest-lived former head of state and was the longest-lived state leader until 8 December 2008 (when he was surpassed by Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum). Celal Bayar died on 22 August 1986 at the age of 103 after a brief illness.", "Q1069911": "Cheng Yu-tung GBM (simplified Chinese: \u90d1\u88d5\u5f64; traditional Chinese: \u912d\u88d5\u5f64; pinyin: Zh\u00e8ng Y\u00f9t\u00f3ng; Sidney Lau: Jeng6 Yue6 Tung4; 8 August 1925 \u2013 29 September 2016) was a Hong Kong billionaire with extensive property investment, development and service businesses, hotels, infrastructure, jewellery retailing and transportation interests in Hong Kong, Macau, United States, Australia and other areas. He was considered to be Hong Kong's third richest man at the time of his death.", "Q6968": "Erkrath is a town in the district of Mettmann, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany", "Q562108": "J\u00f8rgen Leth (born 14 June 1937) is a Danish poet and film director who is considered a leading figure in experimental documentary film making. Most notable are his documentary A Sunday in Hell (1977) and his surrealistic short film The Perfect Human (1967). He is also a sports commentator for Danish television and is represented by the film production company Sunset Productions.", "Q189438": "Zen Brant Gesner (born June 23, 1970) is an American television and movie actor. He is perhaps most recognized for his roles as Sinbad in the syndicated television series The Adventures of Sinbad, and was a regular cast member on the ABC daytime drama All My Children as bad boy and rapist Braden Lavery. More recently he's appeared in Miller Lite's \"Man Laws\" commercials as one of the \"Men Of The Square Table\". Gesner also appeared on an episode of the popular sitcom Friends in which he played Rachel Green's date. A graduate of the prestigious London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA), Gesner has appeared in several movies since his cinematic debut as \"Dale's Man #1\" in the 1994 comedy Dumb & Dumber, including Osmosis Jones (as Emergency Room Doctor #1), Me, Myself & Irene (Agent Peterson), Shallow Hal (Ralph), and There's Something About Mary (as a bartender). In 2005, he had a small part in the romantic comedy Fever Pitch starring Drew Barrymore and Jimmy Fallon.", "Q561401": "Terence Alan \"Spike\" Milligan (16 April 1918 \u2013 27 February 2002), was an English-Irish comedian, writer, poet, playwright and actor. The son of an Irish father and an English mother, Milligan was born in India where he spent his childhood, relocating to live and work the majority of his life in the United Kingdom. Disliking his first name, he began to call himself \"Spike\" after hearing the band Spike Jones and his City Slickers on Radio Luxembourg.Milligan was the co-creator, main writer and a principal cast member of the British radio programme The Goon Show, performing a range of roles including the Eccles and Minnie Bannister characters. He was the earliest-born, longest-lived and last surviving member of the Goons. Milligan parlayed success with the Goon Show into television with Q5, a surreal sketch show credited as a major influence on the members of Monty Python's Flying Circus.\nMilligan wrote and edited many books, including Puckoon (1963) and a seven-volume autobiographical account of his time serving during the Second World War, beginning with Adolf Hitler: My Part in His Downfall (1971). He also wrote comical verse, with much of his poetry written for children, including Silly Verse for Kids (1959).\nWhen the Commonwealth Immigrants Act removed Indian-born Milligan's automatic right to British citizenship in 1962, he became an Irish citizen, exercising a right conferred through his Irish-born father.", "Q3339059": "New York Law School (NYLS) is a private law school in Tribeca, New York City. NYLS has a full-time day program and a part-time evening program.\n\nNew York Law School's faculty includes 54 full-time and 59 adjunct professors. Notable faculty members include Edward A. Purcell Jr., an authority on the history of the United States Supreme Court, and Nadine Strossen, constitutional law expert and president of the American Civil Liberties Union from 1991 to 2008.\n\nProminent NYLS alumni include Maurice R. Greenberg, former Chairman and CEO of American International Group Inc. and current Chairman and CEO of C.V. Starr and Co. Inc.; Charles E. Phillips Jr., CEO of Infor and former President of Oracle; and Judith \"Judge Judy\" Sheindlin, New York family court judge, author, and television personality. Other past graduates include United States Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan II and Wallace Stevens, the Pulitzer Prize-winning poet.\n\nAccording to ABA-required disclosures, 88.2% of the NYLS class of 2015 had obtained employment 10 months after graduation, and 69% of the 2015 class had obtained long-term, full-time JD-required or JD-Advantage employment.", "Q3300800": "Maurice Fran\u00e7on (15 June 1913 \u2013 11 August 1996) was a French engineer and physicist", "Q94487": "Rose Marie (born Rose Marie Mazzetta; August 15, 1923 \u2013 December 28, 2017) was an American actress, singer, comedian, and vaudeville performer with a career that ultimately spanned over nine decades \u2014 and included film, radio, records, theater, night clubs and television. As a child performer during the years just after the silent film era, she had a successful singing career as Baby Rose Marie. As an adult, she became one of the first major stars to be known simply by her given names.\nMarie was widely known for her role on the CBS situation comedy The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961\u20131966), as television comedy writer Sally Rogers, \"who went toe-to-toe in a man\u2019s world.\" Later she portrayed Myrna Gibbons on The Doris Day Show and was a 14-year panelist on The Hollywood Squares.\nShe is the subject of a 2017 documentary film, Wait for Your Laugh, which includes interviews with her and her co-stars including Carl Reiner, Dick Van Dyke, Peter Marshall, and Tim Conway.", "Q3086411": "Fran\u00e7oise Bertrand, (born 1948) is a Canadian business personality. She is the first woman to head a North American television network, as CEO and president of T\u00e9l\u00e9 Qu\u00e9bec, and the first woman to serve as chairperson of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), a position she held from 1996 to 2001. Bertrand was inducted into the National Order of Quebec in 2008 and appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2013. She has served as president and CEO of F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des chambres de commerce du Qu\u00e9bec (Qu\u00e9bec's Federation of Chambers of Commerce) since 2003, the first woman to hold the position.", "Q3308284": "Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated (\u0391\u039a\u0391) is the first historically African American Greek-lettered sorority. Membership is for college-educated women. The organization was founded on five basic tenets:\n\nTo cultivate and encourage high scholastic and ethical standards, to promote unity and friendship among college women, to study and help alleviate problems concerning girls and women in order to improve their social stature, to maintain a progressive interest in college life, and to be of 'Service to All Mankind'.\nThe sorority was founded on January 15, 1908, at the historically black Howard University in Washington, D.C., by a group of sixteen students led by Ethel Hedgeman Lyle. Forming a sorority broke barriers for African-American women in areas where they had little power or authority due to a lack of opportunities for minorities and women in the early 20th century. Alpha Kappa Alpha was incorporated on January 29, 1913.\nOne of the largest African American Greek organizations consisting of college-educated women of many diverse backgrounds from around the world, the sorority serves through a membership of more than 300,000 women in 1,024 chapters in the United States and several other countries. Women may join through undergraduate chapters at a college or university or they may also join through a graduate chapter after acquiring an undergraduate or advanced college degree.After the organization's establishment, Alpha Kappa Alpha has helped to improve social and economic conditions through community service programs. Members have improved education through independent initiatives, contributed to community-building by creating programs and associations, such as the Mississippi Health Clinic, and influenced federal legislation by Congressional lobbying through the National Non-Partisan Lobby on Civil and Democratic Rights. The sorority works with communities through service initiatives and progressive programs relating to education, family, health, and business.\nAlpha Kappa Alpha is part of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC). The current International President is Dr. Glenda Glover and the sorority's document and pictorial archives are located at Moorland-Spingarn Research Center.", "Q28218": "Baton Rouge ( BAT-\u0259n ROOZH; from French, meaning 'red stick') is the capital of the U.S. state of Louisiana. Located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River, it is the parish seat of East Baton Rouge Parish, the most populous parish in Louisiana. It is the 99th most populous city in the United States, and second-largest city in Louisiana after New Orleans. It is also the 16th most populous state capital. As of the U.S. Census Bureau's July 2018 estimate, Baton Rouge had a population of 221,599, down from 229,493 at the 2010 census. Baton Rouge is the center of Greater Baton Rouge, the second-largest metropolitan area in Louisiana, with a population of 834,159 as of 2017, up from 802,484 in 2010 and 829,719 in 2015.The city of Baton Rouge is a major industrial, petrochemical, medical, research, motion picture, and growing technology center of the American South. It is the location of Louisiana State University, the LSU System's flagship university and the largest institution of higher education in the state. It is also the location of Southern University, the flagship institution of the Southern University System, the only historically black college system in the nation. The Port of Greater Baton Rouge is the 10th-largest in the United States in terms of tonnage shipped, and is the farthest upstream Mississippi River port capable of handling Panamax ships. This, as well as its status as a major port city, is largely due to the Huey P. Long - O.K. Allen Bridge, which was intentionally constructed under the governorship of Huey Long at a low height, preventing big tankers from making their way up-river, past Baton Rouge.\nThe Baton Rouge area owes its historical importance to its strategic site upon the Istrouma Bluff, the first natural bluff upriver from the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. This allowed development of a business quarter safe from seasonal flooding. In addition, the city built a levee system stretching from the bluff southward to protect the riverfront and low-lying agricultural areas. The city is a culturally rich center, with settlement by immigrants from numerous European nations and African peoples brought to North America as slaves or indentured servants. It was ruled by seven different governments: French, British, and Spanish in the colonial era; the Republic of West Florida, as a United States territory and state, Confederate, and United States again since the end of the American Civil War.", "Q362353": "Vincent Gallo (; born April 11, 1961) is an American actor, director, model, musician, painter and former motorcycle racer. Though he has had minor roles in mainstream films such as Arizona Dream, The Funeral and Palookaville, he is most associated with independent movies, including Buffalo '66, which he wrote, directed, scored and starred in and The Brown Bunny, which he also wrote, directed, produced, starred in and photographed. In the early 2000s, he released several solo recordings on Warp Records.", "Q277992": "Kavitha Ranjini, known by the stage name Urvashi (born 25 January 1970) is an Indian film actress, television host and producer.Urvashi was a prominent lead actress of the 1980s and 1990s, primarily in Malayalam and Tamil films. She has written the films Ulsavamelam and Pidakkozhi Koovunna Noottandu, the latter was also produced by her. She won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Achuvinte Amma (2005). She has won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress a record five times, which includes three consecutive wins from 1989 to 1991. She has also won two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.", "Q66611": "Oberhofen am Thunersee is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q188726": "Anthony Minghella, (6 January 1954 \u2013 18 March 2008) was a British film director, playwright and screenwriter. He was chairman of the board of Governors at the British Film Institute between 2003 and 2007.\nHe won the Academy Award for Best Director for The English Patient (1996). In addition, he received three more Academy Award nominations; he was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay for both The English Patient (1996) and The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), and was posthumously nominated for Best Picture for The Reader (2008), as a co-producer.", "Q66177": "Willi Krakau (4 December 1911, Felgeleben (now Sch\u00f6nebeck) \u2013 26 April 1995) was a racing driver from Germany. During the late 1940s and early 1950s, he built a reputation as a constructor of special racing cars, sometimes based on the BMW 328, with which he enjoyed some success in various formulae including Formula Two.\nHis single entry into a World Championship Formula One race was at the 1952 German Grand Prix. Driving his six-cylinder AFM car, he completed the qualifying sessions but did not appear on the starting grid.\nPrior to his motor racing exploits, Krakau had tried his hand at several sports, and was a member of the German rowing team at the 1936 Summer Olympics.\nKrakau died in Peine in 1995.", "Q49194": "Fall River is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. The City of Fall River is located approximately 53 miles (85 km) south of Boston, 17 miles (27 km) southeast of Providence, Rhode Island, 20 miles (32 km) south of Taunton, 12 miles (19 km) west of New Bedford, 20 miles (32 km) north of Newport, Rhode Island, 200 miles (320 km) northeast of New York City and 420 miles (680 km) northeast of Washington D.C.\nThe City of Fall River's population was 88,857 at the 2010 census, making it the tenth-largest city in the state.\nLocated along the eastern shore of Mount Hope Bay at the mouth of the Taunton River, the city became famous during the 19th century as the leading textile manufacturing center in the United States. While the textile industry has long since moved on, its impact on the city's culture and landscape remains to this day. Fall River's official motto is \"We'll Try\", dating back to the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1843. It is also nicknamed \"the Scholarship City\" because Dr. Irving Fradkin founded Dollars for Scholars here in 1958. In 2017, Mayor Correia introduced the \"Make It Here\" slogan as part of a citywide rebranding effort.Fall River is known for the Lizzie Borden case, Portuguese culture, its numerous 19th-century textile mills and Battleship Cove, the world's largest collection of World War II naval vessels and the home of the battleship USS Massachusetts. Fall River is also the only city in the United States to have its city hall located over an interstate highway, Interstate 195 (Rhode Island-Massachusetts).", "Q276332": "Masako Togawa (\u6238\u5ddd\u660c\u5b50, Togawa Masako) (23 March 1931 \u2013 26 April 2016) was a Japanese Chanson singer/songwriter, actress, feminist, novelist, LGBTQQIAP community icon, former night club owner, metropolitan city planning panelist, music educator, born in Tokyo, 1933.", "Q455968": "Erma Louise Bombeck (n\u00e9e Fiste; February 21, 1927 \u2013 April 22, 1996) was an American humorist who achieved great popularity for her newspaper column that described suburban home life from the mid-1960s until the late 1990s. Bombeck also published 15 books, most of which became bestsellers. From 1965 to 1996, Erma Bombeck wrote over 4,000 newspaper columns, using broad and sometimes eloquent humor, chronicling the ordinary life of a midwestern suburban housewife. By the 1970s, her columns were read twice-weekly by 30 million readers of the 900 newspapers in the U.S. and Canada.", "Q334673": "Magnus Haakonsson (Old Norse: Magn\u00fas H\u00e1konarson, Modern Norwegian: Magnus H\u00e5konsson; 1 (or 3) May 1238 \u2013 9 May 1280) was King of Norway (as Magnus VI) from 1263 to 1280 (junior king from 1257). One of his greatest achievements was the modernisation and nationalisation of the Norwegian law-code, after which he is known as Magnus the Law-mender (Old Norse: Magn\u00fas lagab\u0153tir, Modern Norwegian: Magnus Lagab\u00f8te). He was the first Norwegian monarch known to have used an ordinal number, although originally counting himself as \"IV\".", "Q1336275": "Senen Reyes (born November 22, 1965), also known by his stage name Sen Dog, is a Cuban-American rapper and musician who is best known as a member of the rap group Cypress Hill and as the lead vocalist for the heavy metal band Powerflo. He has been developing a solo career in addition to his work with Cypress Hill and Powerflo, and is the lead vocalist for rap rock band SX-10.", "Q69244": "Colonel Hans Ritter von Seisser (German Sei\u00dfer; 9 December 1874 \u2013 14 April 1973) was the head of the Bavarian State Police in 1923.\nIn September 1923, following a period of turmoil and political violence, Prime Minister Eugen von Knilling declared martial law and appointed Gustav von Kahr, Staatskomissar (state commissioner), with dictatorial powers. Together with Seisser, and Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, they formed a right-wing triumvirate in Bavaria.\nThat year, many nationalist groups wanted to emulate Mussolini's \"March on Rome\" by a \"March on Berlin\". Among these were the wartime General Erich Ludendorff and also the Nazi (NSDAP) group, led by Adolf Hitler. Hitler decided to try to seize power in what was later known as the \"Munich Putsch\" or Beer Hall Putsch. Hitler and Ludendorff sought the support of the \"triumvirate\". However, Kahr, Seisser and Lossow had their own plan to install a nationalist dictatorship without Hitler.Hitler was determined to act before the appeal of his agitation waned. So on November 8, 1923, Hitler and the SA stormed a public meeting of 3,000 people which had been organized by Kahr in the B\u00fcrgerbr\u00e4ukeller, a large beer hall in Munich. Hitler interrupted Kahr's speech and announced that the national revolution had begun, declaring the formation of a new government with Ludendorff. While waving his gun around, Hitler demanded the support of Kahr, Seisser and Lossow. Hitler's forces initially succeeded at occupying the local Reichswehr and police headquarters; however, neither the army nor the state police joined forces with Hitler. Kahr, Seisser and Lossow were briefly detained but then released. The men quickly withdrew their support and fled to join the opposition to Hitler.The following day, Hitler and his followers marched from the beer hall to the Bavarian War Ministry to overthrow the Bavarian government on their \"March on Berlin\", but the police dispersed them. Sixteen NSDAP members and four police officers were killed in the failed coup.Seisser went into retirement in 1930. From 1933, he was a prisoner in Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1945 when American forces captured the camp, and returned to retirement. He died in 1973 at the age of 98.", "Q92790": "James E. Rumbaugh (born August 22, 1947) is an American computer scientist and object-oriented methodologist who is best known for his work in creating the Object Modeling Technique (OMT) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML).\n\n", "Q115611": "Ren\u00e9 Felber (born 14 March 1933) is a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1987-1993). \nBorn 1933 in Bienne, Felber was a teacher in Boudevilliers and Le Locle (canton of Neuch\u00e2tel). He was mayor of Le Locle from 1964 to 1980 (in charge of gas and electricity supply and then of Finance), member of the Cantonal Parliament of Neuch\u00e2tel (1965-1976). He sat in the National Council from 1967 to 1981 when he became a member of the Conseil d'Etat (State Council) of the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in charge of the Finance Department until his election to the Federal Council. In 1980/81, he was the floor leader of the Social Democratic Party in the Federal Parliament.\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 9 December 1987 as member of the Canton of Neuch\u00e2tel and for the Social Democratic Party.\nDuring his time in office, he headed the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs and was President of the Confederation in 1992. Felber fought for Swiss membership of the European Economic Area that was narrowly defeated in a referendum on 6 December 1992.\nHe resigned from the Council on 31 March 1993 for health reasons.\n\n", "Q163787": "Pope Benedict II (Latin: Benedictus II) was the bishop of Rome from 26 June 684 to his death. Pope Benedict II's feast day is May 7.", "Q269212": "Nathaniel Arcand (born November 13, 1971) is a Canadian actor. He is well known for his first major role in the Canadian drama series North of 60, in which for three seasons he played William MacNeil, smart-mouthed and cocky, a troubled, misunderstood teen. In 1997, he was nominated for a Gemini Award in the category \"Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Supporting Role in a Dramatic Series\" for the North of 60 episode \"Traces and Tracks.\"", "Q76364": "Hans Florian Zimmer (German pronunciation: [\u02c8hans \u02c8flo\u02d0\u0281i\u032fa\u02d0n \u02c8ts\u026am\u0250] (listen); born 12 September 1957) is a German film score composer and record producer. Zimmer's works are notable for integrating electronic music sounds with traditional orchestral arrangements. Since the 1980s, he has composed music for over 150 films. His works include The Lion King, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Original Score in 1995, the Pirates of the Caribbean series, Interstellar, Gladiator, Crimson Tide, Inception, Dunkirk, and The Dark Knight Trilogy. He has received four Grammy Awards, three Classical BRIT Awards, two Golden Globes, and an Academy Award. He was also named on the list of Top 100 Living Geniuses, published by The Daily Telegraph.Zimmer spent the early part of his career in the United Kingdom before moving to the United States. He is the head of the film music division at DreamWorks studios and works with other composers through the company that he founded, Remote Control Productions, formerly known as Media Ventures. His studio in Santa Monica, California has an extensive range of computer equipment and keyboards, allowing demo versions of film scores to be created quickly.Zimmer has collaborated on multiple projects with directors including Ridley Scott, Ron Howard, Gore Verbinski, Michael Bay, and Christopher Nolan.", "Q79057": "Richard Seeber (born 15 January 1962 in Innsbruck) is an Austrian politician of the Austrian People's Party \u00d6VP who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2014. He is married and has four children.\n\n", "Q696757": "The University of Duisburg-Essen (German: Universit\u00e4t Duisburg-Essen) is a prestigious university which is well-balanced among all departments. Natural science and engineering are ranked within the top 10 in Germany, and the humanities are formed in the top 20 to 30. Especially, the physics field is ranked in the top 1 in Germany. The University is ranked as one of the 200 best universities in the world. \nThe University of Duisburg-Essen is a public research university in Duisburg and Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and a member of the newly founded University Alliance Metropolis Ruhr. It was founded in 1654 and re-established on 1 January 2003, as a merger of the Gerhard Mercator University of Duisburg and the University of Essen. Until 1994, the name of the Gerhard Mercator University was Comprehensive University of Duisburg. With its 12 departments and around 40,000 students, the University of Duisburg-Essen is among the 10 largest German universities. Since 2014, research income has risen by 150 percent.", "Q270743": "Gail Ann O'Grady (born January 23, 1963), an American actress and producer, is best known for her roles on television. Her roles include Donna Abandando in the ABC police drama NYPD Blue, and Helen Pryor in the NBC drama series American Dreams. O'Grady is also well known for her lead roles in a number of television movies. She has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award three times.", "Q6173722": "Jeff Donaldson (1932 \u2013 2004) was a visual artist whose work helped define the Black Arts Movement of the 1960s and 1970s. Donaldson, co-founder of AfriCOBRA and contributor to the momentous Wall of Respect, was a pioneer in African-American personal and academic achievement. His art work is known for creating alternative black iconography connected to Africa and rooted in struggle, in order to replace the history of demeaning stereotypes found in mainstream white culture.In the midst of the racial and cultural turmoil of the 1960s, a group of African-American artists endeavored to relate its artwork to the black masses. Aiming to use art for social impact, artists such as Donaldson strived to create an \"art for the people\"\u2014an art form that was recognizable by and directed toward the common black folk, rather than a group of well-educated elite. Within his works and collaborative efforts, Donaldson essentially became the father of a new, uniting aesthetic\u2014transAfricanism.\nWithin AfriCOBRA, it was Donaldson\u2019s idea to synthesize an all-encompassing transnational aesthetic\u2014to, in effect, collaborate internationally to unify the then-fragmented concept of black art. The result of such unification would usher in a deeper understanding on the behalf of the African diasporic masses concerning its identity as a people. Having been displaced from their native lands and transplanted into foreign locations, members of the African diaspora grasped onto the only thing that remained of their lost identity\u2014the fact that they descended from Africa, and that they were removed thence. Thus, ironically, the very factor which disowned the African diasporic peoples of their past identities became the fabric of their new self-concepts. The uniting efforts of Donaldson and AfriCOBRA not only furthered this sense of transnational identity among the diaspora, but gave it visibility, making it \"official\", in a way. As Donaldson described, \"One rarely sees a black human-interest story [in the newspaper]\u201d and of television, \u201cnot a single one of the new programs celebrates the beauty and dignity of black life style.\" Thus, he endeavored to put the true nature of blacks into the forefront\u2014to give it an up-front face and therefore a recognized existence.", "Q60506": "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn \u2013 Part 1, commonly referred to as Breaking Dawn: Part 1, is a 2011 American romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon, based on the novel Breaking Dawn by Stephenie Meyer. Constituting the first of a two-part adaptation of the novel, the film is the fourth and penultimate installment in The Twilight Saga film series, the sequel to Eclipse in 2010, and was followed by Breaking Dawn: Part 2 in 2012. All three main cast members, Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner, reprised their roles.\nWyck Godfrey and Karen Rosenfelt served as producers of the film, along with the author of the series, Stephenie Meyer; the screenplay was written by Melissa Rosenberg, the screenwriter of the first three entries. It was released in theaters on November 18, 2011, and released to DVD on February 11, 2012, in the United States. Although negatively reviewed by critics, the film was commercially successful, grossing over $712 million worldwide.", "Q78349": "Levin Sch\u00fccking (full name: Christoph Bernhard Levin Matthias Sch\u00fccking; September 6, 1814 \u2013 August 31, 1883) was a German novelist. He was born near Meppen, Kingdom of Prussia, and died in Bad Pyrmont, German Empire. He was the uncle of Levin Ludwig Sch\u00fccking.", "Q92948": "Michael Anthony Jackson (born 16 February 1936) is a British computer scientist, and independent computing consultant in London, England. He is also a visiting research professor at the Open University in the UK.", "Q4283204": "Shigeri Sada (\u4f50\u7530 \u7e41\u7406, Sada Shigeri, born 13 December 1954) is a former Japanese football player. He is the younger brother of singer Masashi Sada.", "Q103073": "Heinrich von Herford (also Heinrich von Hervord, Henricus de Hervordia), anglicized as Henry of Herford (c. 1300 \u2013 9 October 1370), was a Dominican friar, chronicler, historian, and theologian.", "Q465673": "Martyn Burke is a Canadian director, novelist and screenwriter from Toronto, Ontario.\n\n", "Q39473": "Transylvania is a historical region which is located in central Romania. Bound on the east and south by its natural borders, the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended westward to the Apuseni Mountains. The term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also parts of the historical regions of Cri\u0219ana and Maramure\u0219, and occasionally the Romanian part of Banat.\nThe region of Transylvania is known for the scenery of its Carpathian landscape and its rich history. It also contains major cities such as Cluj-Napoca, Bra\u0219ov, Sibiu, T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, Alba Iulia, and Bistri\u021ba.\nThe Western world commonly associates Transylvania with vampires, thanks to the dominant influence of Bram Stoker's novel Dracula and the many films the tale inspired.", "Q16490": "Jeannette Marie Wing is Avanessians Director of the Data Science Institute at Columbia University, where she is also a professor of computer science. Until June 30, 2017, she was Corporate Vice President of Microsoft Research with oversight of its core research laboratories around the world and Microsoft Research Connections. Prior to 2013, she was the President's Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. She also served as assistant director for Computer and Information Science and Engineering at the NSF from 2007 to 2010.", "Q726080": "The Russia national football team (Russian: \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0444\u0443\u0442\u0431\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0443, natsion\u00e1lnaya sb\u00f3rnaya Rossii po futb\u00f3lu) represents Russia in men's international football and it's controlled by the Russian Football Union (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u0443\u0442\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437, Rossiyskiy Futbo\u013enyj Soyuz), the governing body for football in Russia. Russia's home ground is the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow and their current head coach is Stanislav Cherchesov.\nAlthough a member of FIFA since 1912 (as the Soviet Union before 1990), Russia first entered the FIFA World Cup in 1958. They qualified for the tournament 11 times in total, with their best result being their fourth-place finish in 1966. Russia has been a member of UEFA since 1954. They won the first edition of the European Championship in 1960 and were runners-up in 1964, 1972 and 1988. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia's best result was in 2008, when the team won bronze medals.", "Q36740": "Aung San Suu Kyi (; Burmese: \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a; MLCTS: aung hcan: cu. krany Burmese pronunciation: [\u00e0\u028a\u0270\u0303 s\u02b0\u00e1\u0270\u0303 s\u1e75 t\u0255\u00ec]; born 19 June 1945) is a Burmese politician, diplomat, author, and a 1991 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. The first and incumbent State Counsellor (a position akin to a prime minister leader) of Myanmar, she is also the leader of the National League for Democracy and played a vital role in the state's transition from military junta to partial democracy.\nThe youngest daughter of Aung San, Father of the Nation of modern-day Myanmar, and Khin Kyi, Aung San Suu Kyi was born in Rangoon, British Burma. After graduating from the University of Delhi in 1964 and the University of Oxford in 1968, she worked at the United Nations for three years. She married Michael Aris in 1972, with whom she had two children. Aung San Suu Kyi rose to prominence in the 1988 Uprisings, and became the General Secretary of the National League for Democracy (NLD), which she had newly formed with the help of several retired army officials who criticized the military junta. In the 1990 elections, NLD won 81% of the seats in Parliament, but the results were nullified, as the military refused to hand over power, resulting in an international outcry. She had, however, already been detained under house arrest before the elections. She remained under house arrest for almost 15 of the 21 years from 1989 to 2010, becoming one of the world's most prominent political prisoners. In 1999, Time Magazine named her one of the \"Children of Gandhi\" and his spiritual heir to nonviolence.Her party boycotted the 2010 elections, resulting in a decisive victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party. Aung San Suu Kyi became a Pyithu Hluttaw MP while her party won 43 of the 45 vacant seats in the 2012 by-elections. In the 2015 elections, her party won a landslide victory, taking 86% of the seats in the Assembly of the Union \u2013 well more than the 67% supermajority needed to ensure that its preferred candidates were elected President and Second Vice President in the Presidential Electoral College. Although she was prohibited from becoming the President due to a clause in the constitution \u2013 her late husband and children are foreign citizens \u2013 she assumed the newly created role of State Counsellor, a role akin to a Prime Minister or a head of government. \nSince ascending to the office of State Counsellor, Aung San Suu Kyi has drawn criticism from several countries, organisations and figures over her alleged inaction in response to the genocide of the Rohingya people in Rakhine State and refusal to accept that Myanmar's military has committed massacres. Under her leadership, Myanmar has also drawn criticism for prosecutions of journalists. In 2019, Suu Kyi appeared in the International Court of Justice where she defended the Burmese military against allegations of genocide against the Rohingya.", "Q709063": "Arthur D. Levinson (born March 31, 1950) is an American businessman and is the current Chairman of Apple Inc. (2011 to present) and CEO of Calico (an Alphabet Inc. venture). He is the former chief executive officer (1995 to 2009) and chairman (1999 to 2014) of Genentech.\nIn addition to serving on the board of Apple Inc. (2000\u2013present), Levinson serves on the board of directors of the Broad Institute (affiliated with MIT and Harvard). Previously, Levinson had served on the board of directors at F. Hoffmann-La Roche (2010-2014), NGM Biopharmaceuticals (2009-2014), and Amyris Biotechnologies (2009-2014). He currently serves on the Board of Scientific Consultants of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Industrial Advisory Board of the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), the Advisory Council for the Princeton University Department of Molecular Biology and the Advisory Council for the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics.", "Q229636": "3 Needles is a 2005 Canadian drama film directed by Thom Fitzgerald. The title refers to the three main characters who make a deal with the Devil in order to survive a global epidemic. The plot deals with interwoven stories of persons around the world who are dealing with HIV and AIDS, and stars Shawn Ashmore, Olympia Dukakis, Lucy Liu, Stockard Channing, Chlo\u00eb Sevigny, and Sandra Oh.\nThe film was screened at various film festivals, and was given a limited release in the United States on December 1, 2006.", "Q4201575": "The Marx\u2013Engels\u2013Lenin Institute, established in Moscow in 1919 as the Marx\u2013Engels Institute (Russian: \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u041a. \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0424. \u042d\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0430), was a Soviet library and archive attached to the Communist Academy. The institute was later attached to the governing Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and served as a research center and publishing house for officially published works of Marxist doctrine.\nThe Marx\u2013Engels Institute gathered unpublished manuscripts by Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin and other leading Marxist theoreticians as well as collecting books, pamphlets and periodicals related to the socialist and organized labor movements. By 1930, the facility's holdings included more than 400,000 books and journals and more than 55,000 original and photocopy documents by Marx and Engels alone, making it one of the largest holdings of socialist-related material in the world.\nIn February 1931, director of the Marx\u2013Engels Institute David Riazanov and others on the staff were purged for ideological reasons. In November of that same year, the Marx\u2013Engels Institute was merged with the larger and less scholarly Lenin Institute (established in 1923) to form the Marx\u2013Engels\u2013Lenin Institute.\nThe institute was the coordinating authority for the systematic organization of documents released in the multi-volume works Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (Marx-Engels Collected Works), Lenin's Polnoe sobranie sochineniia (Complete Collected Works), Joseph Stalin's Sochineniia (Works) and numerous other official publications. The institute was officially terminated in November 1991, with the bulk of its archival holdings now residing with a successor organization, the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI).", "Q1499801": "Gnawa Diffusion is an Algerian Gnawa music band based in Grenoble, France. The group's lead singer, Amazigh (literally meaning 'Free Man' in Tamazight), is the son of the Algerian writer and poet Kateb Yacine. Although there is a strong Gnawa influence, the band is noted for its mix of reggae and roots music. Gnawa Diffusion is very popular in Algeria and is also well known in many other countries including Morocco, Tunisia and France. The band's lyrics are in Algerian Arabic, Tamazight, French and English. Gnawa Diffusion started their career in 1993 with the release of the album L\u00e9gitime diff\u00e9rence.\nMembers of the band:\n\nAmazigh Kateb - vocal and gimbri\nMohamed Abdennour (Ptit Moh) - Algerian mandole, banjo, krakebs, choir\nPierre Bonnet - bass\nPhilippe Bonnet - drums\nSalah Meguiba - Keyboard, oriental percussion, choir\nPierre Feugier - guitar, choir, krakebs\nAbdel Aziz Maysour\nAmar Chaoui - percussionist, choirThe lead singer's lyrics are often controversial. Themes range from discussions of poverty in Algeria or corruption in government to denunciations of global military actions and perceived imperialism. Nevertheless, in spite of a strong political direction, this band also has numbers which focus on self-determination and improvement.", "Q1083476": "Christine Isobel Correa (born 8 July 1955 in Mumbai) is an American jazz singer of Indian origin.", "Q982307": "Igor Olegovich Shchyogolev (Russian: \u0418\u0301\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0429\u0451\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432; born November 10, 1965) is a Russian politician. Since May 2008 and until 20 May 2012, he has served as the Russian Minister of Telecommunications.\n\n", "Q64760": "Iseltwald is a village and municipality on the southern shore of Lake Brienz in the Bernese Oberland region of Switzerland. Politically, the municipality is located in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district of the canton of Bern.", "Q705659": "Art Lee Pollard, Jr. (May 5, 1927 \u2013 May 12, 1973), was an American racecar driver.\nBorn in Dragon, Utah, and a grandfather, Pollard drove in the USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1965\u20131973 seasons, with 84 career starts, including the 1967\u20131971 Indianapolis 500 races. He finished in the top ten 30 times, with 2 victories, both in 1969, at Milwaukee and Dover.\nHe died in Indianapolis, Indiana, as a result of injuries sustained in practice during the first day of time trials for the 1973 Indianapolis 500. The car clipped the wall coming out of turn one and did a half-spin as it headed to the grass on the inside of the short chute. The chassis dug into the grass and flipped upside-down, slid a short distance and then flipped back over as it reached the pavement again in turn two, finally coming to a stop in the middle of the track. The total distance covered was 1,450 feet (440 m). The car was demolished.\nThe impact tore off two wheels immediately, and the wings were also torn off during the slide. Pollard's lap prior to the crash was timed at a speed of 192+ mph. Pollard was rushed to Methodist Hospital in the new Cardiac ambulance. His injuries were reported to include pulmonary damage due to flame inhalation, burns on both hands, face and neck, and a broken arm. He had turned 46 one week before he died.\nPollard, away from racing, worked as a car dealer and mechanic and worked with mental health charities.", "Q245920": "Je t'aime, je t'aime (\"I Love You, I Love You\") is a 1968 French science fiction film directed by Alain Resnais from a screenplay by Jacques Sternberg. The plot centres on Claude Ridder (Claude Rich) who is asked to participate in a mysterious experiment in time travel when he leaves the hospital after a suicide attempt. The experiment, intended to return him after one minute of observing the past, instead causes him to experience his past in a disjointed fashion.\nThe film was listed to compete at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival, but the festival was cancelled due to the countrywide wildcat strike that occurred in May 1968 in France. It won two awards \u2013 one for best actor, and the other many years later for \"best rediscovery\" in 2014 (Special Award of the Boston Society of Film Critics).While seldom ranked among Resnais's best works, Je t'aime, je t'aime has received positive reviews since its release. Its synopsis has been cited as an influence on the 2004 Michel Gondry film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind.", "Q3453971": "Ryokunohara Labyrinth: Sparkling Phantom (\u7dd1\u91ce\u539f\u8ff7\u5bae \u301cSparkling Phantom\u301c, Ryokunohara Rabirinsu: Sup\u0101kuringu Fantomu, lit. Labyrinth Green Field: Sparkling Phantom) is a Japanese OVA released on March 25, 1990 by AIC and Victor Entertainment and directed by Narumi Kakinouchi.", "Q110769": "Justus Claproth (28 December 1728 \u2013 20 February 1805) was a German jurist and inventor of the deinking process of recycled paper.", "Q108126": "Katherina Reiche (born 16 July 1973 in Luckenwalde, Bezirk Potsdam) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).", "Q1699675": "John Cox Stevens (September 24, 1785 \u2013 June 13, 1857) is best known for founding and serving as the first Commodore of the New York Yacht Club as well as being a member of the America syndicate which, in 1851, won the trophy that would become the America's Cup.", "Q379773": "Jean-Eug\u00e8ne Robert-Houdin (December 7, 1805 \u2013 June 13, 1871) was a French watchmaker, magician and illusionist, widely recognized as the father of the modern style of conjuring. He transformed magic from a pastime for the lower classes, seen at fairs, to an entertainment for the wealthy, which he offered in a theatre opened in Paris, a legacy preserved by the tradition of modern magicians to perform in tails.", "Q330415": "Abraham Moses Luncz (December 9, 1854\u20131918) (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4\u05dd \u05dc\u05d5\u05e0\u05e5) was a Russian scholar and editor born at Kovno, Russia. At age 14 he came to Jerusalem. Luncz, who suffered from early blindness, founded, in conjunction with Dr. Koisewski, an institution for the blind at Jerusalem.\nIn the exploration of the Holy Land, Luncz has rendered great services from the historical, geographical, and physical standpoints, through his guide-books for Palestine, his Palestine annuals, and his Jerusalem almanac:\n\nNetibot \u1e92iyyon we-Yerushalayim: Topography of Jerusalem and Its Surroundings (vol. i, 1876)\nJerusalem, Jahrbuch zur Bef\u00f6rderung einer Wissenschaftlich Genauen Kenntnis des Jetzigen und des Alten Pal\u00e4stina (Hebrew and German, 6 vols., 1881\u20131903, Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e9\u05e0\u05ea\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05e2\u05ea \u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc)\nLiterarischer Pal\u00e4stina-Almanach (Hebrew; since 1894).He owned a Hebrew printing press in the Ezrat Yisrael neighborhood, across the street from his own home in Even Yisrael. From there he issued a number of works by Jewish Palestinian scholars, Estori Far\u1e25i's Kaftor wa-Fera\u1e25 and Josef Schwarz's Tebu'ot ha-Are\u1e93 being the first works published. He also produced a travel guide to Israel. As of 1904, he had in press a new edition of the Jerusalem Talmud with commentary and introduction.", "Q109238": "Ercan Durmaz (born August 16, 1965) is a Turkish-German actor.", "Q234101": "Mariel Hadley Hemingway (born November 22, 1961) is an American actress. She began acting at age 14 with a Golden Globe\u2013nominated breakout role in Lipstick (1976), and received Academy and BAFTA Award nominations for her performance in Woody Allen's Manhattan (1979).\nShe is also known for her leading roles in Personal Best (1982) and Star 80 (1983), as well as in the TV series Civil Wars, for which she received a Golden Globe nomination. Amid mental health struggles, Hemingway's career dwindled in the 1990s. She has starred in and co-produced videos about yoga and holistic living. She published a yoga memoir, Finding My Balance, in 2002, and another more general one, Out Came the Sun, in 2015.", "Q116318": "Martin Brauen (born March 15, 1948 in Bern) is a cultural anthropologist from Bern, Switzerland who specialises in Tibet, the Himalayas and history of religions.", "Q91299": "Karin von Welck (born 30 April 1947 in Buir, North Rhine-Westphalia) been Cultural Senator of the city state of Hamburg since 2004. Welck is party-independent.", "Q1344185": "Randy Craig Wolfe (February 20, 1951 \u2013 January 2, 1997), known as Randy California, was a guitarist, singer and songwriter and one of the original members of the rock group Spirit, formed in 1967.", "Q1364255": "Ismael Rivera a.k.a. \"Maelo\" (October 5, 1931 \u2013 May 13, 1987), was a Puerto Rican composer and salsa singer.", "Q117012": "Yoko Ono Lennon (Japanese: \u5c0f\u91ce \u6d0b\u5b50, romanized: Ono Y\u014dko, usually spelled in katakana \u30e8\u30fc\u30b3\u30fb\u30aa\u30ce; born February 18, 1933) is a Japanese multimedia artist, singer, songwriter and peace activist. Her work also encompasses performance art, which she performs in both English and Japanese, and filmmaking. She was married to English singer-songwriter John Lennon of the Beatles from 1969 until his murder in 1980.\nOno grew up in Tokyo and also spent several years in New York City. She studied at Gakushuin University, but withdrew from her course after two years and moved to New York in 1953 to live with her family. She spent some time at Sarah Lawrence College and then became involved in New York City's downtown artists scene, which included the Fluxus group. With their performance Bed-Ins for Peace in Amsterdam and Montreal in 1969, Ono and Lennon used their honeymoon at the Hilton Amsterdam as a stage for public protests against the Vietnam War. The feminist themes of her music have influenced musicians as diverse as the B-52s and Meredith Monk. She achieved commercial and critical acclaim in 1980 with the chart-topping album Double Fantasy, a collaboration with Lennon that was released three weeks before his murder.\nPublic appreciation of Ono's work has shifted over time and was helped by a retrospective at a Whitney Museum branch in 1989 and the 1992 release of the six-disc box set Onobox. Retrospectives of her artwork have also been presented at the Japan Society in New York City in 2001, in Bielefeld, Germany, and the UK in 2008, Frankfurt, and Bilbao, Spain, in 2013 and The Museum of Modern Art in New York City in 2015. She received a Golden Lion Award for lifetime achievement from the Venice Biennale in 2009 and the 2012 Oskar Kokoschka Prize, Austria's highest award for applied contemporary art.\nAs Lennon's widow, Ono works to preserve his legacy. She funded the Strawberry Fields memorial in Manhattan's Central Park, the Imagine Peace Tower in Iceland, and the John Lennon Museum in Saitama, Japan (which closed in 2010). She has made significant philanthropic contributions to the arts, peace, Philippines and Japan disaster relief, and other causes. In 2012, Ono received the Dr. Rainer Hildebrandt Human Rights Award. The award is given annually in recognition of extraordinary, nonviolent commitment to human rights. Ono continued her social activism when she inaugurated a biennial $50,000 LennonOno Grant for Peace in 2002. She also co-founded the group Artists Against Fracking in 2012.\nOno married four times to three different people. She was married to Japanese composer Toshi Ichiyanagi from 1956 until they divorced in 1962. Her marriage with the producer Anthony Cox lasted from 1962 to 1968, with a brief hiatus in 1963. In 1969, she married John Lennon, whom she had met in 1966 at her own art exhibition in London. She has a daughter, Kyoko Chan Cox, from her marriage to Anthony Cox and a son, Sean Taro Ono Lennon, from her marriage to Lennon. She collaborates musically with Sean.\n\n", "Q714998": "Norberto Fuentes (born in Havana in 1943) is a writer and journalist. \nHe has published Hemingway in Cuba and Ernest Hemingway: Rediscovered, both available in English, as well as Dulces guerreros cubanos, Condenados de Condado (which received the Casa de las Am\u00e9ricas Prize in 1968), Posici\u00f3n Uno, and El \u00faltimo Santuario. His work has been praised by today\u2019s most distinguished intellectuals, such as Italo Calvino, William Kennedy, Norman Mailer and Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez. The Autobiography of Fidel Castro has been sold to major European publishing houses.\nFuentes was a close friend of Fidel Castro and thus had privileged knowledge of the Cuban secret service during some of the most difficult years of the Cuban Revolution. After spending many years alongside Castro, Fuentes tried to escape the island, was detained, and eventually released with the assistance of Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez and William Kennedy. He currently lives in the United States.\nNorberto Fuentes has provided information on drug, money laundering, and robberies perpetrated by Cuban agents or coordinated by Cuba.", "Q264722": "Buying the Cow is a 2002 American comedy film directed by Walt Becker and starring Jerry O'Connell, Ryan Reynolds, Alyssa Milano and Bridgette L. Wilson.", "Q461401": "Jamie Michael Colin Waylett (born 21 July 1989) is a British former actor. His only role to date is that of Vincent Crabbe in six of the eight Harry Potter films. In 2012, he was imprisoned for his participation in the 2011 England riots.", "Q45962": "Major Alexander Patrick Gregers Richard Windsor, Earl of Ulster (born 24 October 1974) is a former British Army officer and only son of Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester. \nAs heir apparent to the dukedom of Gloucester, he is accorded the courtesy title Earl of Ulster, but is commonly known as Alex Ulster.", "Q161184": "Meles Zenawi Asres (Ge'ez: \u1218\u1208\u1235 \u12dc\u1293\u12ca \u12a3\u1235\u1228\u1235, m\u00e4l\u00e4s zenawi asr\u00e4s; pronounced [\u02c8m\u025bl\u025bs \u02c8z\u025bnawi asr\u0259s] listen , born Legesse Zenawi Asres; 9 May 1955 \u2013 20 August 2012) was an Ethiopian politician who was President of Ethiopia and consecutively served as 8th Prime Minister of Ethiopia. He was the founder of federalism of modern Ethiopia. \nAfter leading the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front to victory in the Ethiopian Civil War, he served as President of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia from 1991 to 1995, then as the 8th Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 1995 to his death in 2012. From 1989, he was the chairman of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), and the head of the EPRDF since its formation in 1991.\nIn 1975, he left Haile Selassie I University to join the TPLF and fight against the Derg (the Mengistu Haile Mariam-led military dictatorship in Ethiopia). After the overthrow of the Derg's military government, he became President of the transitional government and later Prime Minister. During his tenure, Ethiopia became one of Africa\u2019s fastest-growing economies.", "Q1391960": "Pandit Shivkumar Sharma (born 13 January 1938) is an Indian music composer and santoor player from the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The santoor is a folk instrument.", "Q252290": "Saif Ali Khan (pronounced [\u02c8s\u025b\u02d0f \u0259\u02c8li \u02c8xa\u02d0n]; born Sajid Ali Khan on 16 August 1970) is an Indian film actor and producer. The son of actress Sharmila Tagore and cricketer Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi, Khan made his acting debut in Yash Chopra's drama Parampara (1993), but achieved success with his roles in the romantic drama Yeh Dillagi and the action film Main Khiladi Tu Anari (both 1994). Khan's career prospect declined through much of the 1990s, and his biggest commercial success of the decade came with the ensemble drama Hum Saath-Saath Hain (1999). He rose to prominence with roles in two ensemble comedy-dramas\u2014Dil Chahta Hai (2001) and Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003).\nThe 2004 romantic comedy Hum Tum proved to be Khan's first success in which he played the sole male lead, earning him the National Film Award for Best Actor, and starring roles in the drama Parineeta and the romantic comedy Salaam Namaste (both 2005) established him as a leading actor in Bollywood. He earned wide critical praise for his portrayal of a manipulative businessman in the 2004 thriller Ek Hasina Thi, an apprentice in the 2006 English film Being Cyrus, a character based on William Shakespeare's antagonist Iago in the 2006 crime film Omkara, and a terrorist in the 2009 thriller Kurbaan. Khan's greatest commercial success came with the 2008 thriller Race and its 2013 sequel, the 2009 romance Love Aaj Kal, and the 2012 romantic comedy Cocktail. He followed it by starring in a series of films that under-performed at the box office, but received praise in 2018 for playing a troubled policeman in the Netflix thriller series Sacred Games.\nKhan is the recipient of several accolades, including a National Film Award and six Filmfare Awards, and received Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award, in 2010. He has been noted for his performances in a range of film genres\u2014from crime dramas to thrillers and occasional romances\u2014and his film roles have been credited with contributing to a change in the concept of a Hindi film hero. Khan was married to his first wife, Amrita Singh, for thirteen years, after which he married the actress Kareena Kapoor. He has three children\u2014two with Singh and one with Kapoor. In addition to film acting, Khan is a frequent television presenter, stage show performer and the owner of the production company Illuminati Films.", "Q970185": "Sir Lancelot Carrington Royle, (31 May 1898 \u2013 19 June 1978) was a British Olympian and businessman.\nRoyle was an Olympic athlete (Paris 1924), chairman and CEO of Allied Suppliers Ltd., Home and Colonial Stores Ltd., Lipton Ltd., NAAFI and one of Britain's leading 20th century retail businessmen.", "Q714740": "Churchill College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. It has a primary focus on science, engineering and technology, but still retains a strong interest in the arts and humanities.\nIn 1958, a trust was established with Sir Winston Churchill as its chairman of trustees, to build and endow a college for 60 fellows and 540 students as a national and Commonwealth memorial to Winston Churchill; its Royal Charter and Statutes were approved by the Queen, in August 1960. It is situated on the outskirts of Cambridge, away from the traditional centre of the city, but close to the University's main new development zone (which now houses the Centre for Mathematical Sciences), which some would argue is the new city centre. Its 16 hectares (40 acres) of grounds make it physically the largest of all the colleges.\nChurchill was the first all-male college to decide to admit women, and was among three men's colleges to admit its first women students in 1972. Within 15 years all others had followed suit. The college has a reputation for relative informality compared with other Cambridge colleges, and traditionally admits a larger proportion of its undergraduates from state schools.\nThe college motto is \"Forward\". It was taken from the final phrase of Winston Churchill's first speech to the House of Commons as Prime Minister \u2013 his famous \"Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat\" speech \u2013 in which he said \"Come, then, let us go forward together\".", "Q482942": "Azerbaijanis (; Azerbaijani: Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar \u0622\u0630\u0631\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0631\u200e) or Azeris (Azerbaijani: Az\u0259ril\u0259r \u0622\u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0644\u0631\u200e), also known as Azerbaijani Turks (Azerbaijani: Az\u0259rbaycan T\u00fcrkl\u0259ri \u0622\u0630\u0631\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0644\u0631\u06cc\u200e), are a Turkic people living mainly in the Iranian region of Azerbaijan and the sovereign (former Soviet) Republic of Azerbaijan. They are the second-most numerous ethnic group among the Turkic peoples after Turkish people and predominantly Shia Muslims. They comprise the largest ethnic group in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the second-largest ethnic group in neighboring Iran and Georgia. The world's largest number of ethnic Azerbaijanis live in Iran, followed by the Republic of Azerbaijan. They speak the Azerbaijani language, belonging to the Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages.\nFollowing the Russo-Persian Wars of 1813 and 1828, the territories of the Sublime State of Iran in the Caucasus were ceded to the Russian Empire, and the treaties of Gulistan in 1813 and Turkmenchay in 1828 finalized the borders between Russia and Qajar Iran. The formation of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918 established the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan.\nThe Azerbaijani language is closely related to Turkish, Qashqai, Gagauz, Turkmen and Crimean Tatar, sharing varying degrees of mutual intelligibility with each of those languages. Certain lexical and grammatical differences formed within the Azerbaijani language as spoken in the Republic of Azerbaijan and Iran, after nearly two centuries of separation between the communities speaking the language; mutually intelligibility, however, has been preserved. Additionally, the Turkish and Azerbaijani languages are mutually intelligible to a high enough degree that their speakers can have simple conversation without prior knowledge of the other, which prompted some Turkic linguists to classify their relationship as a Western Oghuz dialect continuum.", "Q1041737": "Carleton University is a public comprehensive university in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1942 as Carleton College, a private, non-denominational evening college to serve veterans returning from World War II, the institution was chartered as a university by the provincial government in 1952 through The Carleton University Act. The legislation was subsequently amended in 1957 to give the institution its current name. The university moved to its current campus in 1959, expanding rapidly throughout the 1960s amid broader efforts by the provincial government to increase support to post-secondary institutions and enhance access to higher education.\nThe university is named for the now-dissolved Carleton County, which included the city of Ottawa at the time the university was founded. Carleton County, in turn, was named in honour of Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, who served as Governor General of The Canadas from 1786 to 1796.\nCarleton, which has more than 159,000 alumni worldwide, is reputed for its strength in many disciplines including the humanities, international business, aerospace engineering, computer science, international affairs, journalism, political science, political management, public policy and administration, and legal studies. Carleton has produced 6 Rhodes Scholars, 29 Royal Society Fellows, 20 recipients of the Order of Canada, 8 Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship awardees, and 3 National Killam Award recipients.\nAs of 2019, Carleton has an enrolment of more than 27,000 undergraduate and more than 4,000 graduate students. Its campus is located west of Old Ottawa South, in close proximity to The Glebe and Confederation Heights, and is bounded to the north by the Rideau Canal and Dow's Lake and to the south by the Rideau River.Carleton competes in the U Sports league as the Carleton Ravens. The Carleton Ravens are recognized for the strong performance of its men's basketball team, which has won seven consecutive Canadian national championships between 2006 and 2017, in addition to 14 of the 16 championships since 2003.", "Q14932155": "Calico LLC is an American research and development biotech company founded on September 18, 2013 by Bill Maris and backed by Google with the goal of combating aging and associated diseases. In Google's 2013 Founders' Letter, Larry Page described Calico as a company focused on \"health, well-being, and longevity\". The company's name is an acronym for \"California Life Company\".In 2015, Google restructured into Alphabet Inc., making Calico a subsidiary of the new company along with Google and others.\n\n", "Q525531": "Blythe Masters (born 22 March 1969) is a British former executive at JPMorgan Chase. She is the former CEO of Digital Asset Holdings, a financial technology firm developing distributed ledger technology for wholesale financial services. Masters is widely credited as the creator of the credit default swap as a financial instrument. She is also Chairman of the Governing Board of the Linux Foundation\u2019s open source Hyperledger Project, member of the International Advisory Board of Santander Group, and Advisory Board Member of the US Chamber of Digital Commerce.", "Q170089": "Cho Oyu (Nepali: \u091a\u094b\u092f\u0941; Tibetan: \u0f47\u0f7c\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f7c\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f56\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f61) is the sixth-highest mountain in the world at 8,188 metres (26,864 ft) above sea level. Cho Oyu means \"Turquoise Goddess\" in Tibetan. The mountain is the westernmost major peak of the Khumbu sub-section of the Mahalangur Himalaya 20 km west of Mount Everest. The mountain stands on the China\u2013Nepal border.\nJust a few kilometres west of Cho Oyu is Nangpa La (5,716m/18,753 ft), a glaciated pass that serves as the main trading route between the Tibetans and the Khumbu's Sherpas. This pass separates the Khumbu and Rolwaling Himalayas. Due to its proximity to this pass and the generally moderate slopes of the standard northwest ridge route, Cho Oyu is considered the easiest 8,000 metre peak to climb. It is a popular objective for professionally guided parties.", "Q83851": "Benjamin Shenkman (born September 26, 1968) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in the drama series Royal Pains and the HBO miniseries Angels in America, which earned him both Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations.\n\n", "Q435050": "Jake Matthew Lloyd (born March 5, 1989), also known as Jake Broadbent, is an American former child actor who portrayed Anakin Skywalker in the 1999 film Star Wars: Episode I \u2013 The Phantom Menace, the first in the Star Wars prequel trilogy. He reprised the role in later Star Wars video games.", "Q577511": "Carbondale is a city in Jackson County, Illinois, United States, within the Southern Illinois region informally known as \"Little Egypt.\" The city developed from 1853 because of the stimulation of railroad construction into the area. Today the major roadways of Illinois Route 13 and U.S. Route 51 intersect in the city. The city is 96 miles (154 km) southeast of St. Louis, Missouri, on the northern edge of the Shawnee National Forest. Carbondale is the home of the main campus of Southern Illinois University (SIU).\nThe city is the most populous in Southern Illinois outside the St. Louis Metro-East region, and the most populous city in the Carbondale-Marion-Herrin, Illinois Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 25,902, and it is the state's 20th-most-populated city outside the Chicago Metropolitan Area. In addition, the CSA has 126,575 residents, the sixth-most-populous combined statistical area in Illinois.", "Q59393": "Yank Barry (born 29 January 1948 as Gerald Barry Falovitch) is a Canadian businessman and musician. He is the founder and CEO of VitaPro Foods, a company that makes textured vegetable protein for use as a meat substitute and an apple pectin product called ProPectin, and is the founder of the Global Village Champions Foundation. In his earlier career, he was a musician, songwriter, and music producer, including a stint as the lead singer of the garage rock band The Kingsmen.\n\n", "Q76370": "Arnold Stadler is a German writer, essayist and translator.\nHe was born on 9 April 1954 in Me\u00dfkirch in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in Germany.", "Q172846": "Eric Harrison Broadley MBE (22 September 1928 \u2013 28 May 2017) was a British entrepreneur, engineer, and founder and chief designer of Lola Cars, the motor racing manufacturer and engineering company. He was arguably one of the most influential automobile designers of the post-war period, and over the years Lola had a hand in many high-profile projects in Formula One, IndyCar, and sports car racing. Broadley sold Lola to Martin Birrane in 1999.", "Q1503081": "Shanachie Records is a New Jersey-based record label founded in 1976 by Richard Nevins and Dan Collins. The label is named for the word Shanachie, an Irish storyteller.\nIt was previously distributed by Entertainment One Distribution.Starting as a label that specialized in fiddle music, they began releasing work by Celtic groups such as Planxty and Clannad. Other genres on the label include Latin American, African music, soul, country and ska. In 1989 they acquired Yazoo Records from Nick Perls. This allowed them to release vintage jazz and blues recordings. Today, they have another imprint, Shanachie Jazz.In 1992 Shanachie began releasing CDs by folk singer-songwriters, including Richard Shindell, Dolores Keane, John Stewart, Rod MacDonald, Richard Meyer, Karan Casey, Sue Foley, Four Bitchin' Babes, Kevin Gordon, and others.Shanachie Records was primarily a reggae label, licensing and releasing music from artists such as Rita Marley, Skavoovie and the Epitones, Yabby You, The Mighty Diamonds, Lucky Dube, Max Romeo, and John Brown's Body throughout the years. Shanachie was also the U.S. liaison for the UK-based reggae label, Greensleeves Records, until about 1987. Shanachie also issued material for Augustus Pablo under the Message imprint of his company, Rockers International. The Grammy Award-winning Soweto Gospel Choir releases albums on Shanachie Records, as has Grammy nominated Liquid Soul.The Latin acts on the label include Los Jovenes del Barrio.", "Q236702": "Joanna Cassidy (born August 2, 1945) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as the replicant Zhora Salome in Ridley Scott's film Blade Runner (1982) and Dolores in Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988). She has won a Golden Globe Award, was nominated for three Emmy Awards and also was nominated for a Saturn Award and Screen Actors Guild Awards.\nCassidy also has starred in films such as Under Fire (1983), The Fourth Protocol (1987), The Package (1989), Where the Heart Is (1990), Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead (1991), Vampire in Brooklyn(1995) and Ghosts of Mars (2001). From 2001 to 2005, she played Margaret Chenowith on the HBO drama series Six Feet Under for which she received Primetime Emmy Award nomination. From 2011 to 2013, she played Joan Hunt on the ABC series Body of Proof, and from 2010 to 2013 starred in the HBO Canada comedy series Call Me Fitz for which she won two Canadian Screen Awards.", "Q181716": "Scott David Westerfeld (born May 5, 1963) is an American writer of young adult fiction, best known as the author of the Uglies and the Leviathan series.", "Q16484": "Mary Allen Wilkes (born September 25, 1937 in Chicago, Illinois) is a former computer programmer and logic designer, most known for her work with the LINC computer, now recognized by many as the world's first \"personal computer\".", "Q2280497": "Country pop (also known as pop country) is a fusion genre of country music and pop music that was developed by members of the country genre out of a desire to reach a larger, mainstream audience. By producing country songs that employed many styles and sounds found in pop music, the country music industry sought to gain new listeners without alienating its traditional country audience. Country pop music blends genres like rock, pop, and country, continuing similar efforts that began in the late 1950s, known originally as Nashville sound and later on as Countrypolitan. By the mid-1970s, many country artists were transitioning to the pop-country sound, which led to some records' charting high on mainstream top 40 as well as the country Billboard charts.", "Q277038": "The Impossible (Spanish: Lo Imposible) is a 2012 English-language Spanish disaster drama film directed by J. A. Bayona and written by Sergio G. S\u00e1nchez. It is based on the experience of Mar\u00eda Bel\u00f3n and her family in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The cast includes Naomi Watts, Ewan McGregor and Tom Holland.\nThe film received positive reviews from critics for its direction and its acting, especially for Watts who was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Drama, and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role.\n\n", "Q709077": "John Louis O'Sullivan (November 15, 1813 \u2013 March 24, 1895) was an American columnist and editor who used the term \"manifest destiny\" in 1845 to promote the annexation of Texas and the Oregon Country to the United States. O'Sullivan was an influential political writer and advocate for the Democratic Party at that time and served as US Minister to Portugal during the administration of President Franklin Pierce (1853\u20131857), but he largely faded from prominence soon thereafter. He was rescued from obscurity in the twentieth century after the famous phrase \"manifest destiny\" was traced back to him.\nHe was born at sea, the son of John Thomas O'Sullivan, an American diplomat and sea captain, and Mary Rowly. He descended from a long line of colorful Irish expatriates and soldiers of fortune, and had a strong sense of personal destiny. His father, John Thomas O'Sullivan, third O'Sullivan O'Sullivan baronet in the Jacobite Peerage of the name, had been naturalized a US citizen and had served as US Consul to the Barbary States. His grandfather, John William O'Sullivan, was an Irish professional soldier who spent most of his career in French service.\nJohn Louis O'Sullivan graduated from Columbia College (1831) and became a lawyer. His most successful venture came in 1837 when he founded and edited The United States Magazine and Democratic Review, based in Washington. It espoused the more radical forms of Jacksonian Democracy and published essays by the most prominent writers in America, including and the cause of a democratic, American literature. Contributors included Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, John Greenleaf Whittier, William Cullen Bryant, and Walt Whitman. O'Sullivan was an aggressive reformer in the New York State Legislature, where he led the unsuccessful movement to abolish capital punishment. By 1846, investors were dissatisfied with his poor management, and he lost control of his magazine.", "Q706422": "Henry William Thompson (September 3, 1925 \u2013 November 6, 2007) was an American country music singer-songwriter and musician whose career spanned seven decades.\nThompson's musical style, characterized as honky tonk Western swing, was a mixture of fiddles, electric guitar and steel guitar that featured his distinctive, smooth baritone vocals.\nHis backing band, The Brazos Valley Boys, was voted the top Country Western Band for 14 years in a row by Billboard. The primary difference between his music and that of Bob Wills was that Thompson, who used the swing beat and instrumentation to enhance his vocals, discouraged the intense instrumental soloing from his musicians that Wills encouraged; however, the \"Hank Thompson sound\" exceeded Bob Wills in Top 40 country hits.\nAlthough not as prominent on the top country charts in later decades, Thompson remained a recording artist and concert draw well into his 80s. \nIn 2013 the game, Grand Theft Auto V featured his song, It don't hurt anymore in the fictional radio show, Rebel Radio.\nThe 1987 novel Crazy Heart by Thomas Cobb was inspired by Thompson's life, specifically by his practice of picking up a local band to back him when he toured. In 2009 Cobb's novel was turned into a successful film directed by Scott Cooper and starring Academy Award winner Jeff Bridges.", "Q4066230": "Grigory Anikeyev (born February 28, 1972 in Dutovo, Komi Republic) is a Russian politician and member of the State Duma of the Russian Federation.Anikeyev draw attention in April 2018 when he was named the member of State Duma of the Russian Federation with the highest income in 2017 - according to his personal tax declaration, his 2017 income amounted to RUB 4.3 BN (close to $70 MM) showing astonishing 717% growth from 2016", "Q70067": "Biel-Benken (Swiss German: Biel-B\u00e4ngge) is a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q68628": "Vulliens is a municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The municipality has a mayor with Daniel Schorderet since 2002 and four municipal councillors.", "Q986613": "Ma Jun (simplified Chinese: \u9a6c\u519b; traditional Chinese: \u99ac\u8ecd; pinyin: M\u01ce J\u016bn; born 22 May 1968) is a Chinese environmentalist, environmental consultant, and journalist. He is a director of the Institute of Public & Environmental Affairs (IPE).", "Q77708": "Hermann Robert Richard Eugen Kasack (24 July 1896 \u2013 10 January 1966) was a German writer. He is best known for his novel Die Stadt hinter dem Strom (The city beyond the river). Kasack was a pioneer of using the medium broadcast for literature. He published radio plays also under the pen names Hermann Wilhelm and Hermann Merten.", "Q155547": "Johann Gottfried (after 1802, von) Herder (; German: [\u02c8jo\u02d0han \u02c8\u0261\u0254tf\u0281i\u02d0t \u02c8h\u025b\u0250\u032fd\u0250]; 25 August 1744 \u2013 18 December 1803) was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic. He is associated with the Enlightenment, Sturm und Drang, and Weimar Classicism.\n\n", "Q433347": "Herman Andrew Affel (August 4, 1893 \u2013 October 13, 1972) was an American electrical engineer who invented the modern coaxial cable.", "Q239357": "Edward Riley Boyd (November 25, 1914 \u2013 July 13, 1994) was an American blues pianist, singer and songwriter, best known for his recordings in the early 1950s, including the number one R&B chart hit \"Five Long Years\".", "Q1108445": "Kievan Rus' (Old East Slavic: \u0420\u0479\u0441\u044c (Rus'\u202f), \u0420\u0479\u0441\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0467 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0467 (Rus'skaya zemlya); Latin: Rus(s)ia, Ruscia, Ruzzia, Rut(h)enia) was a loose federation of East Slavic and Finnic peoples in Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century, under the reign of the Varangian Rurik dynasty. The modern nations of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine all claim Kievan Rus' as their cultural ancestors, with Belarus and Russia deriving their names from it. \nAt its greatest extent, in the mid-11th century, it stretched from the White Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south and from the headwaters of the Vistula in the west to the Taman Peninsula in the east, uniting the majority of East Slavic tribes.According to Rus' Primary Chronicle, the first ruler to start uniting East Slavic lands into what has become known as Kievan Rus' was Prince Oleg (882\u2013912). He extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east, and he moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev. Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major expansion of Kievan Rus' territorial control, fighting a war of conquest against the Khazars. Vladimir the Great (980\u20131015) introduced Christianity with his own baptism and, by decree, extended it to all inhabitants of Kiev and beyond. Kievan Rus' reached its greatest extent under Yaroslav the Wise (1019\u20131054); his sons assembled and issued its first written legal code, the Rus' Justice, shortly after his death.The state declined beginning in the late 11th century and during the 12th century, disintegrating into various rival regional powers. It was further weakened by economic factors, such as the collapse of Rus' commercial ties to the Byzantine Empire due to the decline of Constantinople and the accompanying diminution of trade routes through its territory. The state finally fell to the Mongol invasion of the 1240s.", "Q227169": "Zrinka Cvite\u0161i\u0107 (born 18 July 1979) is a Croatian film, television and theatre actress.", "Q730190": "Chris Harman (8 November 1942 \u2013 7 November 2009) was a British journalist and political activist, and a member of the Central Committee of the Socialist Workers Party. He was an editor of International Socialism and Socialist Worker.", "Q66605": "Georg Philipp Harsd\u00f6rffer (1 November 1607 \u2013 17 September 1658) was a Baroque-period German poet and translator.\nBorn in Nuremberg, he studied law at Altdorf and Strassburg, and subsequently traveled through the Netherlands, England, France and Italy. His knowledge of languages earned him the appellation \"the learned.\" As a member of the Fruitbearing Society (Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft) he was called der Spielende (the player). In 1644 jointly with Johann Klaj he founded the order of the Pegnitzsch\u00e4fer (Pegnitz Shepherds), a literary society, in Nuremberg. He was known by the name Strephon among the members of this order.\nHis writings in German and Latin fill fifty volumes, and a selection of his poems, which are mostly interesting for their form, can be found in M\u00fcller's Bibliothek deutscher Dichter des 17ten Jahrhunderts, vol. ix (Leipzig, 1826). Widmann (Altdorf, 1707) wrote a biography of him.\nHe was the father of Karl Gottlieb Harsd\u00f6rffer, (1637\u20131708)", "Q201810": "Marilou Berry (born 1 February 1983) is a French actress, film director and screenwriter.", "Q312878": "John Carradine (born Richmond Reed Carradine; February 5, 1906 \u2013 November 27, 1988) was an American actor, one of the most prolific and famed character actors in Hollywood history. He was a member of Cecil B. DeMille's stock company and later John Ford's company, best known for his roles in horror films, Westerns, and Shakespearean theatre. In the latter decades of his career, he starred mostly in low-budget B-movies, but continued to also appear in higher-profile fare. In total, he holds 351 film and television credits, making him one of the most prolific English-speaking actors of all time. \nCarradine was married four times, had five children, and was the patriarch of the Carradine family, including four of his sons and four of his grandchildren who are or were also actors.", "Q71379": "Yad\u00e9 Kara (\u00c7ay\u0131rl\u0131, 1965) is a Turkish-German writer.\nBorn in Eastern Anatolia, she grew up in West Berlin. She studied English and German studies and also drama at the Schiller Theater. She has worked as an actress, teacher and journalist in cities like London, Istanbul or Hong Kong and published several articles for radio and television.\nHer first novel Selam Berlin (2003) won the Deutschen B\u00fccherpreis and the Adelbert-von-Chamisso-F\u00f6rderpreis in 2004.", "Q276440": "Iris Tree (27 January 1897 \u2013 13 April 1968) was an English poet, actress and artists' model, described as a bohemian, an eccentric, a wit and an adventurer.", "Q153136": "Habsburg Monarchy (or Habsburg Empire) is an umbrella term used by historians for the lands and kingdoms of the House of Habsburg, especially for those of the Austrian line. Although from 1438 until 1806 (with the exception of 1742\u20131745) the head of the House of Habsburg was also Holy Roman Emperor, the Empire itself is not considered a part of the Habsburg Monarchy. \nThe formation of the Habsburg Monarchy began with the election of Rudolf I as King of Germany in 1273 and his acquisition of the Duchy of Austria for his house in 1282. In 1482, Maximilian I acquired the Netherlands through marriage. Both these territories lay within the Empire and passed to his grandson and successor, Charles V, who also inherited Spain and its colonies and ruled the Habsburg Empire at its greatest territorial extent. The abdication of Charles V in 1556 led to a broad division of the Habsburg holdings between his brother Ferdinand I, who was his deputy in the Austrian lands since 1521 and the elected king of Hungary and Bohemia since 1526, and his son Philip II of Spain. The Spanish branch (which also held the Netherlands, Burgundy and lands in Italy) went extinct in 1700. The Austrian branch (which also had the Imperial throne and ruled Hungary, Bohemia and all the crowns entailed to them) was itself divided between different branches of the family from 1564 until 1665, but thereafter it remained a single personal union.\nThe Habsburg monarchy was thus a union of crowns\u2014with no single constitution or shared institutions outside of the Habsburg court itself\u2014composed of territories within and outside the Holy Roman Empire, united only in the person of the monarch. The composite state was the dominant form on the European continent in the early modern era. The unification of the Habsburg monarchy took place in the early 19th century. From 1804 to 1867 the Habsburg Monarchy was formally unified as the Austrian Empire, and from 1867 to 1918 as the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It collapsed following defeat in the First World War.\nIn historiography, the Habsburg Monarchy (of the Austrian branch) is often called \"Austria\" by metonymy. Around 1700 the Latin term monarchia austriaca came into use as a term of convenience. Within the empire alone this vast monarchy included the original hereditary lands, the Erblande, from before 1526; the lands of the Bohemian crown; the formerly Spanish Netherlands from 1714 until 1794; and some fiefs in Imperial Italy. Outside the empire it encompassed all the lands of the crown of Hungary, as well as conquests made at the expense of the Turks. The dynastic capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was in Prague.", "Q86097": "Herbert Alois Wagner (22 May 1900 \u2013 28 May 1982) was an Austrian scientist who developed numerous innovations in the fields of aerodynamics, aircraft structures and guided weapons. He is most famous for Wagner's function describing unsteady lift on wings and developing the Henschel Hs 293 glide bomb.", "Q23359": "Taylor Daniel Lautner (; born February 11, 1992) is an American actor, voice actor, and model. He is known for playing Jacob Black in The Twilight Saga film series based on the novels of the same name by Stephenie Meyer.\nLautner began his acting career playing bit roles in comedy series such as The Bernie Mac Show (2003) and My Wife and Kids (2004), before having voice roles in television series like What's New, Scooby-Doo? (2005) and Danny Phantom (2005). In 2005, he appeared in the film Cheaper by the Dozen 2 and starred in The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D. He also starred in the 2011 action film Abduction.\nFrom 2014 to 2018, Lautner starred in the BBC sitcom Cuckoo as the son of the titular character. In 2016, he played a leading role, Dr. Cassidy Cascade, in the second season of FOX black comedy series Scream Queens.\nThe late 2000s saw Lautner become a teen idol and sex symbol, after extensively changing his physique to keep the role of Jacob Black in further Twilight installments, and generating media attention for his looks. In 2010, he was ranked second on Glamour's \"The 50 Sexiest Men of 2010\" list, and fourth on People's \"Most Amazing Bodies\" list. Also in the same year, Lautner was named the highest-paid teenage actor in Hollywood.", "Q360550": "Jaye Davidson (born Alfred Amey; March 21, 1968) is an American-born British model and retired actor. He is probably best known for his role as the transgender woman Dil in the 1992 suspense-drama thriller film The Crying Game, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Among science fiction fans, he is known for his appearance in 1994's Stargate as the god-like Ra.", "Q8789": "Cryptography or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2, romanized: krypt\u00f3s \"hidden, secret\"; and \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd graphein, \"to write\", or -\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 -logia, \"study\", respectively) is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties called adversaries. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages; various aspects in information security such as data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation are central to modern cryptography. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, electrical engineering, communication science, and physics. Applications of cryptography include electronic commerce, chip-based payment cards, digital currencies, computer passwords, and military communications.\nCryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous with encryption, the conversion of information from a readable state to apparent nonsense. The originator of an encrypted message shares the decoding technique only with intended recipients to preclude access from adversaries. The cryptography literature often uses the names Alice (\"A\") for the sender, Bob (\"B\") for the intended recipient, and Eve (\"eavesdropper\") for the adversary. Since the development of rotor cipher machines in World War I and the advent of computers in World War II, the methods used to carry out cryptology have become increasingly complex and its application more widespread.\nModern cryptography is heavily based on mathematical theory and computer science practice; cryptographic algorithms are designed around computational hardness assumptions, making such algorithms hard to break in practice by any adversary. It is theoretically possible to break such a system, but it is infeasible to do so by any known practical means. These schemes are therefore termed computationally secure; theoretical advances, e.g., improvements in integer factorization algorithms, and faster computing technology require these solutions to be continually adapted. There exist information-theoretically secure schemes that provably cannot be broken even with unlimited computing power\u2014an example is the one-time pad\u2014but these schemes are more difficult to use in practice than the best theoretically breakable but computationally secure mechanisms.\nThe growth of cryptographic technology has raised a number of legal issues in the information age. Cryptography's potential for use as a tool for espionage and sedition has led many governments to classify it as a weapon and to limit or even prohibit its use and export. In some jurisdictions where the use of cryptography is legal, laws permit investigators to compel the disclosure of encryption keys for documents relevant to an investigation. Cryptography also plays a major role in digital rights management and copyright infringement of digital media.", "Q108654": "Christiane Sadlo (born 25 January 1954) is a German screenwriter, dramaturge, and journalist. She is best known by her pseudonym Inga Lindstr\u00f6m. She is married to sculptor Karl Halt Trossbach, with whom she has a daughter.\n\n", "Q370743": "Vanessa Jeri (born c. December 2, 1983) is a Peruvian comedy actress and model.", "Q712457": "Tim Matheson (born Timothy Lewis Matthieson; December 31, 1947) is an American actor and director. He is perhaps best known for his portrayals of the smooth-talking Eric \"Otter\" Stratton in the comedy film National Lampoon's Animal House (1978) and of Vice President John Hoynes in the NBC drama The West Wing.\nMatheson has had a variety of other well-known roles, including providing the original voice of the lead character in the animated series Jonny Quest 1964-1965, and for playing President Ronald Reagan in a television film adaptation of the 2015 novel Killing Reagan that premiered on October 16, 2016 on the National Geographic Channel.\n\n", "Q437121": "Terry Hayes (born 8 October 1951) is an English-born Australian screenwriter, producer and author best known for his work with the Kennedy Miller film production house and his debut novel I Am Pilgrim.", "Q339425": "Random Harvest is a 1942 film based on the 1941 James Hilton novel of the same name, directed by Mervyn LeRoy. Claudine West, George Froeschel, and Arthur Wimperis adapted the novel for the screen, and received an Academy Award nomination. The novel keeps the true identity of Paula/Margaret a secret until the very end, something that would have been impossible in a film, where characters\u2019 faces must be seen. This meant that the movie had to take a very different approach to the story. The film stars Ronald Colman as a shellshocked, amnesiac World War I soldier, and Greer Garson as his love interest.\nIt was an instant commercial success. Its seven Oscar nominations included nods for Colman, supporting actress Susan Peters, director Mervyn LeRoy, and Best Picture. Garson, whose performance was well-received, was ineligible for the Academy Award for Best Actress, as she had already been nominated that year for her role in Mrs. Miniver.", "Q100208": "Josef Waitzer (1 May 1884 \u2013 28 March 1966) was a German track and field athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He placed 19th in the javelin throw and 16th in the discus throw, and failed to finish the pentathlon event.", "Q118447": "Harold Martin Ryan (February 6, 1911 \u2013 March 8, 2007) was a politician and judge from the U.S. state of Michigan.\nRyan was born in Detroit, Michigan. He graduated from St. Joseph's High School in 1929. He attended Ferris Institute (now Ferris State University of Big Rapids, Michigan 1929-1930 as well as attended Michigan State College (now Michigan State University) of East Lansing 1930\u20131932. He received a J.D. from the University of Detroit Law School in 1935 and admitted to the bar the same year and engaged in private practice. He later assistant prosecuting attorney of Wayne County, 1945\u20131946.\nRyan served as a member of the Michigan Senate, 1948\u20131962, and was minority leader for the final six years. He was a delegate to Michigan state conventions every two years from 1940 to 1970 and a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1956, 1960, and 1964.\nOn February 13, 1962, in a special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of U.S. Representative Louis C. Rabaut, Ryan was elected as a Democrat from Michigan's 14th congressional district to the 87th Congress. In November 1962, Ryan was reelected to a full term in the 88th Congress, serving from February 13, 1962 to January 3, 1965. He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-nomination to the 89th Congress in 1964, losing to fellow Democrat Lucien N. Nedzi. He also lost against Nedzi in the primaries two years later.\nA decade after leaving Congress, he served as circuit judge of Wayne County for the third judicial circuit of Michigan from 1976 to 1985. He was a visiting judge from 1985 to 2006.\nHarold M. Ryan was a Catholic and a member of Knights of Columbus, Lions, and Gamma Eta Gamma. He lived in St. Clair Shores, Michigan until his death of congestive heart failure at 96 years of age.\n\n", "Q381963": "Kevin Tod Smith (16 March 1963 \u2013 15 February 2002) was a New Zealand actor and musician, best known for starring as the Greek god of war, Ares, in the TV series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys and in its two spin-offs \u2013 Xena: Warrior Princess and Young Hercules. He died in a fall at a film studio in China.\n\n", "Q2274271": "Stonyhurst College is a coeducational Roman Catholic independent school, adhering to the Jesuit tradition, on the Stonyhurst Estate, Lancashire, England. It occupies a Grade I listed building. The school has been fully co-educational since 1999.\nThe college was founded in 1593 by Father Robert Persons SJ at St Omer, at a time when penal laws prohibited Catholic education in England. After moving to Bruges in 1762 and Li\u00e8ge in 1773, the college moved to Stonyhurst in 1794. It provides boarding and day education to approximately 450 boys and girls aged 13\u201318. On an adjacent site, its preparatory school, St Mary's Hall, provides education for boys and girls aged 3\u201313.The school combines an academic curriculum with extra-curricular pursuits. Roman Catholicism plays a central role in college life, with emphasis on both prayer and service, according to the Jesuit philosophy.The school's alumni include three Saints, twelve Beati, seven archbishops, seven Victoria Cross winners, a Peruvian president, a Bolivian president, a New Zealand prime minister, a signatory of the American Declaration of Independence and several writers, sportsmen, and politicians.", "Q260545": "Susan Blakely (born September 7, 1948) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her leading role in the 1976 ABC miniseries Rich Man, Poor Man, for which she received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama. Blakely also has appeared in films including The Towering Inferno (1974), Report to the Commissioner (1975), Capone (1975), The Concorde ... Airport '79 (1979) and Over the Top (1987).", "Q613984": "K\u00e1lm\u00e1n Katona (8 April 1948, P\u00e9cs \u2013 5 February 2017) was a Hungarian politician as a member of Parliament and President of the Electorate of the Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) conservative party.\nHe served as Vice-President of the Committee for Economy of the Hungarian Parliament between 1990 and 1994, and as Minister of Transport, Communications and Water Management in the cabinet of Viktor Orb\u00e1n between July 1998 and May 2000. He was the Hungarian Democratic Forum candidate for Mayor of Budapest in 2006. He was married since 1973 and had three children.\nHe died on 5 February 2017, aged 69.", "Q17943": "Arlington is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, located in Tarrant County. It is part of the Mid-Cities region of the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth\u2013Arlington metropolitan area, approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of downtown Fort Worth and 20 miles (32 km) west of downtown Dallas.\nAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau's estimate, the city had a population of 398,112 in 2018, making it the second-largest city in the county (after Fort Worth) and the third-largest in the metropolitan area. Arlington is the forty-eighth-most populous city in the United States, the seventh-most populous city in the state of Texas, and the largest city in the state that is not a county seat.\nArlington is home to the University of Texas at Arlington, a major urban research university, the Arlington Assembly plant used by General Motors, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Region IV, Texas Health Resources, American Mensa, and D. R. Horton. Additionally, Arlington hosts the Texas Rangers at Globe Life Field, the Dallas Cowboys at AT&T Stadium, the Dallas Wings at College Park Center, the International Bowling Campus (which houses the United States Bowling Congress, International Bowling Museum and the International Bowling Hall of Fame), and the theme parks Six Flags Over Texas (the original Six Flags) and Hurricane Harbor.\nArlington borders Kennedale, Grand Prairie, Mansfield and Fort Worth, and surrounds the smaller communities of Dalworthington Gardens and Pantego.", "Q769782": "The Kingdom of Powys was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain. It very roughly covered the top two thirds of the modern county of Powys and part of today's English West Midlands (see map). More precisely, and based on the Romano-British tribal lands of the Ordovices in the west and the Cornovii in the east, its boundaries originally extended from the Cambrian Mountains in the west to include the modern West Midlands region of England in the east. The fertile river valleys of the Severn and Tern are found here, and this region is referred to in later Welsh literature as \"the Paradise of Powys\".", "Q180409": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Passy (20 May 1822 \u2013 12 June 1912) was a French economist and pacifist who was a founding member of several peace societies and the Inter-Parliamentary Union. He was also an author and politician, sitting in the Chamber of Deputies from 1881 until 1889. For his work in the peace movement, he was a joint winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1901.\nBorn in Paris to a prominent Catholic and Orl\u00e9anist family, Passy was surrounded by military veterans and politicians. After training in law, he worked as an accountant and served in the National Guard. He soon left this position and began travelling around France giving lectures on economics. Following years of violent conflicts across Europe, Passy joined the peace movement in the 1850s, working with several notable activists and writers to develop journals, articles, and educational curricula.\nWhile sitting in the Chamber of Deputies, Passy developed the Inter-parliamentary Conference (later the Inter-Parliamentary Union) with British MP William Randal Cremer. Alongside this, he founded several peace societies: the Ligue Internationale et Permanente de la Paix, the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise des Amis de la Paix, and the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise pour l'Arbitrage entre Nations. Passy's work in the peace movement continued into his later years, and in 1901, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize alongside Red Cross founder, Henry Dunant.\nPassy died in 1912 after a period of illness and incapacitation. Despite his economic works gaining little traction, his efforts in the peace movement resulted in him being recognised as the \"dean of European peace activists\". His son, Paul Passy, published a memoir of his life in 1927, and his works are still being republished and translated into English in the 21st Century.\n\n", "Q69251": "Gert Bastian (26 March 1923 \u2013 presumably 1 October 1992) was a German military officer and politician with the German Green Party.", "Q66162": "Thomas Stephen Szasz ( SAHSS; Hungarian: Sz\u00e1sz Tam\u00e1s Istv\u00e1n [sa\u02d0s]; 15 April 1920 \u2013 8 September 2012) was a Hungarian-American academic, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. He served for most of his career as professor of psychiatry at the State University of New York Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, New York. A distinguished lifetime fellow of the American Psychiatric Association and a life member of the American Psychoanalytic Association, he was best known as a social critic of the moral and scientific foundations of psychiatry, as what he saw as the social control aims of medicine in modern society, as well as scientism. His books The Myth of Mental Illness (1961) and The Manufacture of Madness (1970) set out some of the arguments most associated with him.\nSzasz argued throughout his career that mental illness is a metaphor for human problems in living, and that mental illnesses are not \"illnesses\" in the sense that physical illnesses are; and that except for a few identifiable brain diseases, there are \"neither biological or chemical tests nor biopsy or necropsy findings for verifying DSM diagnoses.\"Szasz maintained throughout his career that he was not anti-psychiatry but was rather anti-coercive psychiatry. He was a staunch opponent of civil commitment and involuntary psychiatric treatment but believed in, and practiced, psychiatry and psychotherapy between consenting adults.\nHis views on special treatment followed from libertarian roots, based on the principles that each person has the right to bodily and mental self-ownership and the right to be free from violence from others, and he criticized the \"Free World\" as well as the communist states for their use of psychiatry.", "Q890064": "Body Count is an American heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1990. The group is fronted by Ice-T, who first established himself as a rapper but co-founded the group with lead guitarist Ernie C out of their interest in heavy metal music. Ice-T took on the role of vocalist and writing the lyrics for most of the group's songs. Lead guitarist Ernie C has been responsible for writing the group's music. Their self-titled debut album was released on Sire Records garnered much attention due to a controversy around the song \"Cop Killer\". \nBody Count's label, Sire Records, and their parent company, Warner Bros. Records, defended the single, however Ice-T chose to remove the track from the album because he felt that the controversy had eclipsed the music itself. The group left Sire the following year. Since then, they have released six further albums on different labels. \nThree out of the band's original six members are deceased: D-Roc died from lymphoma, Beatmaster V from leukemia and Mooseman in a drive-by shooting.", "Q1740101": "Kevin Ceballo (born October 12, 1977) is a singer of salsa music of Puerto Rican descent.", "Q193313": "Saint-Maur-des-Foss\u00e9s (French pronunciation: \u200b[s\u025b\u0303.mo\u0281.d\u025b.f\u0254.se]) is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 11.7 kilometres (7.3 miles) from the center of Paris.", "Q525530": "Andy Classen is a German musician, sound engineer and record producer.", "Q234114": "Sarah Victoria \"Torri\" Higginson is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her roles in the TekWar movies and series, and for portraying Dr. Elizabeth Weir in Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis (2004\u20132008), Dr. Jordan Hampton in NCIS (2007\u20132009), and Commander Delaney Truffault in Dark Matter (2015\u20132017). She is also a theatre actress and has appeared in Three Tall Women, Weldon Rising, and Picasso at the Lapin Agile.", "Q254838": "Samantha Tamania Anne Cecilia Mumba (born 18 January 1983) is an Irish singer-songwriter, dancer, actress, fashion model and TV presenter. She shot to fame in 2000 with the release of her debut single \"Gotta Tell You\", which reached the top five in Ireland, United Kingdom and the United States. It has since been listed in Billboard's 100 Greatest Choruses of the 21st Century.In late 2000, at the age of 17, Mumba released her debut album Gotta Tell You. It reached number four in Ireland and number nine in the UK. She has had seven top five hits in Ireland and six top ten hits in the United Kingdom.\nMumba has also pursued an acting career, making her film debut in the 2002 film The Time Machine, as well as appearing in a number of Irish independent films. She returned to music in 2013, and announced plans to release a second album in 2019.", "Q272141": "Lisa Robin Kelly (March 5, 1970 \u2013 August 15, 2013) was an American actress. She was best known for her role as Laurie Forman on the TV series That '70s Show.\n\n", "Q75678": "Zbigniew Sawan (14 April 1904 \u2013 4 June 1984) was a Polish stage and film actor. He appeared in more than 25 films between 1928 and 1984. Studied directing in Pa\u0144stwowy Instytut Sztuki Teatralnej.\n\n", "Q88905": "Ferdinand Herbord Ivar, Prince of Bismarck (German: Ferdinand Herbord Ivar F\u00fcrst von Bismarck; 22 November 1930 \u2013 23 July 2019) was a German landowner and lawyer and the Prince of Bismarck from 1975 to 2019, when he was succeeded by his oldest son Carl von Bismarck in accordance with letters patent of 1871.\nHe was a godfather of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands.", "Q108133": "Gerhard Mauz (November 29, 1925 in T\u00fcbingen \u2013 August 15, 2003 in Reinbek) was a German journalist and correspondent for judicial processes.\nMauz was the son of T4-Gutachters Friedrich Mauz (1900-1979). He studied psychology, psychopathology and philosophy; he began his career at Die Welt. From 1964 till his retirement 1990 he was a member of the staff of Der Spiegel. He wrote about legal proceeding in German post war time.\nIn 1973 he received the Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande. (Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.)", "Q6255748": "John Mahr Rothman (born June 3, 1949) is an American film, television, and stage actor.", "Q1974": "British Columbia (BC) is the westernmost province in Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. With an estimated population of 5.1 million as of 2020, it is Canada's third-most populous province. The capital of British Columbia is Victoria, the fifteenth-largest metropolitan region in Canada, named for Queen Victoria, who ruled during the creation of the original colonies. The largest city is Vancouver, the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, the largest in Western Canada, and the second-largest in the Pacific Northwest. In October 2013, British Columbia had an estimated population of 4,606,371 (about 2.5 million of whom were in Greater Vancouver). The province is currently governed by the British Columbia New Democratic Party, led by John Horgan, in a minority government with the confidence and supply of the Green Party of British Columbia. Horgan became premier as a result of a no-confidence motion on June 29, 2017.\nThe first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria, established in 1843, which gave rise to the City of Victoria, at first the capital of the separate Colony of Vancouver Island. Subsequently, on the mainland, the Colony of British Columbia (1858\u20131866) was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush. Moody was Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for the Colony and the first Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia: he was hand-picked by the Colonial Office in London to transform British Columbia into the British Empire's \"bulwark in the farthest west\", and \"to found a second England on the shores of the Pacific\". Moody selected the site for and founded the original capital of British Columbia, New Westminster, established the Cariboo Road and Stanley Park, and designed the first version of the Coat of arms of British Columbia. Port Moody is named after him.In 1866, Vancouver Island became part of the colony of British Columbia, and Victoria became the united colony's capital. In 1871, British Columbia became the sixth province of Canada. Its Latin motto is Splendor sine occasu (\"Splendour without Diminishment\").British Columbia evolved from British possessions that were established in what is now British Columbia by 1871. First Nations, the original inhabitants of the land, have a history of at least 10,000 years in the area. Today there are few treaties, and the question of Aboriginal Title, long ignored, has become a legal and political question of frequent debate as a result of recent court actions. Notably, the Tsilhqot'in Nation has established Aboriginal title to a portion of their territory, as a result of the 2014 Supreme Court of Canada decision in Tsilhqot'in Nation v British Columbia.", "Q45963": "John R. \"Jack\" Miles (born July 30, 1942) is an American author. He is a winner of the Pulitzer Prize, a Guggenheim Fellowship and the MacArthur Fellowship. His writings on religion, politics, and culture have appeared in numerous national publications, including The Atlantic Monthly, The New York Times, The Boston Globe, The Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, and Commonweal Magazine.Miles treats his biblical subjects neither as transcendent deities nor historical figures, but as literary protagonists. His first book, God: A Biography, won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography in 1996, and has been translated into sixteen languages. His second book Christ: A Crisis in the Life of God, was named a New York Times Notable Book of 2002. Miles is general editor of the Norton Anthology of World Religions (November 2014). Miles' book God in the Qur'an was published in 2018, the third in his God in Three Classic Scriptures series. Miles' current book is Religion as We Know It: An Origin Story, (Nov. 12, 2019) which examines when religion became a distinct area of thought.", "Q203960": "James Earl Jones (born January 17, 1931) is an American actor. His career spans more than seven decades, and he has been described as \"one of America's most distinguished and versatile\" actors and \"one of the greatest actors in American history\". Since his Broadway debut in 1957, Jones has won many awards, including a Tony Award for his role in The Great White Hope, which also earned him a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor in a Leading Role for the film version of the play. Jones has won three Emmy Awards, including two in the same year in 1990. He is also known for his voice roles as Darth Vader in the Star Wars film series and Mufasa in Disney's The Lion King, as well as many other film, stage and television roles.\nJones has been said to possess \"one of the best-known voices in show business, a stirring basso profondo that has lent gravel and gravitas\" to his projects, including live-action acting, voice acting, and commercial voice-overs. In 1970, he won a Grammy Award for Great American Documents. As a child, Jones had a stutter. In his episode of Biography, he said he overcame the affliction through poetry, public speaking, and acting, although it lasted for several years. A pre-med major in college, he went on to serve in the United States Army during the Korean War before pursuing a career in acting. On November 12, 2011, he received an Honorary Academy Award. On November 9, 2015, Jones received the Voice Arts Icon Award. On May 25, 2017, he received an Honorary Doctor of Arts degree from Harvard University and concluded the event's benediction with \"May the Force be with you\".\n\n", "Q438213": "Jules Carpentier (30 August 1851 \u2013 30 June 1921) was a French engineer and inventor.\nJules Carpentier was a student at the French \u00c9cole polytechnique. \nHe bought the Ruhmkorff workshops in Paris when Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff died and made it a successful business for building electrical and magnetical devices. From 1890, he started to build photographic and cinematographic cameras. He is the designer of the submarine periscope, and worked at the adjustment of trichromic process of colour photography.\nHe patented the \"Cin\u00e9matographe\", which serves as a film projector and developer in the late 1890s, and built devices from the Lumi\u00e8re Brothers.\nAnother of his patents, filed in England, was a primary reference of Theodor Scheimpflug, who disclaimed inventing the falsely eponymous Scheimpflug principle.He died in 1921 in a car accident in Joigny, France.", "Q1689315": "James Edward Bond Jr. (January 27, 1933 \u2013 April 26, 2012), known as Jimmy Bond, was an American double bass player, arranger and composer who performed and recorded with many leading jazz, blues, folk and rock musicians between the 1950s and 1980s.", "Q151720": "Ken Liu (born 1976) is an award-winning American author of science-fiction and fantasy, as well as a translator, lawyer, and computer programmer. His epic fantasy series The Dandelion Dynasty, the first work in the \"silkpunk\" genre, is published by Simon & Schuster. His short stories have appeared in F&SF, Asimov's, Analog, Lightspeed, Clarkesworld, and multiple \"Year's Best\" anthologies.", "Q244395": "Se\u00e1n MacBride (26 January 1904 \u2013 15 January 1988) was an Irish Clann na Poblachta politician who served as Minister for External Affairs from 1948 to 1951, Leader of Clann na Poblachta from 1946 to 1965 and Chief of Staff of the IRA from 1936 to 1939. He served as a Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) from 1947 to 1957.Rising from a domestic Irish political career, he founded or participated in many international organisations of the 20th century, including the United Nations, the Council of Europe and Amnesty International. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1974, the Lenin Peace Prize for 1975\u20131976 and the UNESCO Silver Medal for Service in 1980.", "Q204969": "Frederick Charles Slack (August 7, 1910 \u2013 August 10, 1965) was an American swing and boogie-woogie pianist and bandleader.", "Q1806217": "Lars Gulliksson (born 7 June 1967 in \u00d6vertorne\u00e5) is a saxophonist, composer, and arranger now living in Stockholm, Sweden.\nHe has performed with many of the most prominent Swedish Jazz musicians as well as many international artists, in the radio, TV and on records. The tenor saxophone is his main instrument, but he is also known as a multi-instrumentalist, playing various woodwinds, in Folk- and World music etc.\nStudies at Mannes College of Music in New York (with George Coleman, Ellery Eskelin, Richie Beirach m fl), Malm\u00f6 Academy of Music etc.\nHe has received scholarships from the Swedish Arts Grants Committee, the Norrbotten \"Rubus Arcticus\" Scholarship, among others.\nBandleader for his own groups Lars Gulliksson Quartet & Quintet and Sigmund Freud's Mothers (a k a Swedish Mingus Band).", "Q812073": "The Bay City Rollers are a Scottish pop rock band known for their worldwide teen idol popularity in the 1970s. They have been called the \"tartan teen sensations from Edinburgh\", and \"the first of many acts heralded as the 'biggest group since the Beatles'\".The group's line-up had many changes over the years, but the classic line-up during its heyday included guitarists Eric Faulkner and Stuart Wood, singer Les McKeown, bassist Alan Longmuir, and drummer Derek Longmuir. The line-up in 2018 includes guitarist Stuart Wood (Woody), singer Ian Thomson, bassist Marcus Cordock and drummer Jamie McGrory.", "Q106678": "Rupertus Meldenius, aka Peter Meiderlin and Peter Meuderlinus (born March 22, 1582 in Oberacker; died June 1, 1651 in Augsburg) was a Lutheran theologian and educator.\nThe son of a Swabian priest, studied in Adelberg and after school visited the lower Konvikts in Maulbronn at the T\u00fcbinger Stift, where he met Johann Valentin Andreae. Meiderlin was a student of Mathias Haffenreffer and 1601 obtained a master's degree. In 1605, he was at the Repentant convent in T\u00fcbingen, 1607, he assumed the Chair of the deceased philologist Martin Crusius. After a post as senior deacon in Kirchheim unter Teck, 1612, he was \"Ephorus\" of the Evangelical College of St. Anna in Augsburg. He held this office (with an interruption from 1630 to 1632), until 1650.\nAs a follower of the Concord, he defended the forerunner of Pietism, Johann Arndt in the confrontation about the orthodoxy of his teachings. In 1626 he published under the pseudonym Rupertus Meldenius a work entitled Paraenesis votiva per Pace Ecclesia ad Theologos Augustana Confessionis auctore Ruperto Meldenio Theologo (A Reminder for Peace at the Church of the Augsburg Confession of Theologians), in which he argued for peace among the contending parties and unity within the meaning of the Concord, and called for the practice of charity (i.e. Christian love), saying:\n\nVerbo dicam: si nos servaremus in necessariis unitatem, in non necessariis libertatem, in utrisque caritatem, optimo certe loco essent res nostrae (F. L\u00fccke p. 128 mn. 223)which later developed into the phrase \"In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas\" (In essentials unity, in doubtful things/non-essentials liberty, in all things charity).", "Q177081": "Ban Zhao (Chinese: \u73ed\u662d; 49 \u2013 c. 120 CE), courtesy name Huiban (Chinese: \u60e0\u73ed; pinyin: Hu\u00ecb\u0101n; Wade\u2013Giles: Hui4-Pan1), was a Chinese historian, philosopher, and politician. She was the first known female Chinese historian. She completed her brother Ban Gu's work on the history of the Western Han, the Book of Han. She also wrote Lessons for Women, an influential work on women's conduct. She also had great interest in astronomy and mathematics and wrote poems, commemorative writings, argumentations, commentaries, essays and several longer works, not all of which survive. She became China's most famous female scholar and an instructor of Taoist sexual practices for the imperial family.", "Q23358": "Stanley Melbourne Bruce, 1st Viscount Bruce of Melbourne, (15 April 1883 \u2013 25 August 1967) was the 8th Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1923 to 1929. He made wide-ranging reforms and mounted a comprehensive nation-building program in government, but his controversial handling of industrial relations led to a dramatic defeat at the polls in 1929. Bruce later pursued a long and influential diplomatic career as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom (1933\u20131945) and chairman of the Food and Agriculture Organization (1946\u20131951).\nBorn into a briefly wealthy Melbourne family, Bruce studied at the University of Cambridge and spent his early life tending to the importing and exporting business of his late father. He served on the front lines of the Gallipoli Campaign in World War I and returned to Australia wounded in 1917, becoming a spokesperson for government recruitment efforts. He gained the attention of the Nationalist Party and Prime Minister Billy Hughes, who encouraged a political career. He was elected to parliament in 1918, becoming treasurer in 1921 and then prime minister in 1923, at the head of a coalition with the Country Party.\nIn office Bruce pursued an energetic and diverse agenda. He comprehensively overhauled federal government administration and oversaw its transfer to the new capital city of Canberra. He implemented various reforms to the Australian federal system to strengthen the role of the Commonwealth, and helped develop the forerunners of the Australian Federal Police and the CSIRO. Bruce's \"men, money and markets\" scheme was an ambitious attempt to rapidly expand Australia's population and economic potential through massive government investment and closer ties with Great Britain and the rest of the British Empire. However, his endeavours to overhaul Australia's industrial relations system brought his government into frequent conflict with the labour movement, and his radical proposal to abolish Commonwealth arbitration in 1929 prompted members of his own party to cross the floor to defeat the government. In the resounding loss at the subsequent election the prime minister lost his own seat, an event unprecedented in Australia and one that would not occur again until 2007.\nAlthough he returned to parliament in 1931, Bruce's service in the Lyons Government was brief. Instead he pursued an international career, accepting appointment as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom in 1933. Bruce became an influential figure in British government circles and at the League of Nations, emerging as a tireless advocate for international cooperation on economic and social problems, especially those facing the developing world. Particularly passionate on improving global nutrition, Bruce was one of the key figures in the establishment of the Food and Agriculture Organization, serving as the first chairman of its governing council. He was the first Australian to sit in the House of Lords, as well as the first Chancellor of the Australian National University. Although his diplomatic career went largely unnoticed in Australia, he continued throughout his life in London to vociferously advocate for Australian interests (particularly during World War II) and asked that his remains be returned to Canberra when he died.", "Q86096": "Johannes Adolph Overbeck (March 27, 1826 \u2013 November 8, 1895) was a German archaeologist and art historian.", "Q72671": "G\u00fcnter Rexrodt (12 September 1941 \u2013 19 August 2004) was a German politician. He lived in Berlin.", "Q139488": "David Read Evans (February 20, 1769 \u2013 March 8, 1843) was a U.S. Representative from South Carolina.\nBorn in Westminster, England, Evans immigrated to the United States in 1784 with his father, who settled in South Carolina.\nHe attended Mount Zion College.\nHe studied law.\nHe was admitted to the bar in 1796 and commenced practice in Winnsboro.\nHe served as member of the State house of representatives 1802\u20131805.\nHe served as solicitor of the middle judicial circuit 1804\u20131811.\nEvans was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Thirteenth Congress (March 4, 1813 \u2013 March 3, 1815).\nHe declined to be a candidate for reelection and returned to his plantation.\nHe served as member of the State senate 1824\u20131832.\nHe was the first president of the Fairfield Bible Society.\nHe died in Winnsboro, South Carolina, March 8, 1843.\nHe was interred at a private residence in Winnsboro. Place of interment is now the Bethel A.R.P Cemetery located on North Vanderhorst Street, Winnsboro, SC.\n\n", "Q1138587": "Craig Edward Mabbitt (born April 9, 1987) is an American singer-songwriter and recording artist. He is the lead vocalist for American rock band Escape the Fate. He was formerly the lead vocalist for the bands Blessthefall and The Word Alive. He is also the current lead vocalist of a side-project band, The Dead Rabbitts, along with Escape the Fate's rhythm guitarist, TJ Bell.\nMabbitt is known for his rock based singing combined with screamed and growled vocal styles.", "Q558295": "Vasco Pratolini (19 October 1913 \u2013 12 January 1991) was an Italian writer of the 20th century.\nHe was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times.", "Q71378": "Siba Shakib (Persian: \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u200e) is an Iranian/German filmmaker, writer and political activist. She was born and raised in Tehran, Iran. Her international bestseller Afghanistan, Where God Only Comes to Weep has been translated into 27 languages and won a P.E.N. prize \n\n", "Q31984": "William Joseph Kennedy (born January 16, 1928) is an American writer and journalist who won the 1984 Pulitzer Prize for his novel Ironweed.\nMany of his novels feature the interactions of members of the fictional Irish-American Phelan family in Albany, New York. The novels make use of incidents from the city's history as well as the supernatural. Kennedy's works include The Ink Truck (1969), Legs (1975), Billy Phelan's Greatest Game (1978), Ironweed (1983), Roscoe (2002) and Chang\u00f3's Beads and Two-Tone Shoes (2011). One reviewer said of Chang\u00f3's Beads and Two-Tone Shoes that it was \"written with such brio and encompassing humanity that it may well deserve to be called the best of the bunch\".Kennedy also published a nonfiction book entitled O Albany!: Improbable City of Political Wizards, Fearless Ethnics, Spectacular Aristocrats, Splendid Nobodies, and Underrated Scoundrels (1983).", "Q3781642": "Daniel S\u00e1nchez Llibre (born 22 December 1950 in Vilassar de Mar, Catalonia, Spain) is a Catalan businessman and the former President of Spanish football club RCD Espanyol.", "Q548086": "Eleanor Lambert Berkson (August 10, 1903 \u2013 October 7, 2003) was an American fashion publicist. She was instrumental in increasing the international prominence of the American fashion industry and in the emergence of New York City as a major fashion capital. Lambert was the founder of New York Fashion Week, the Council of Fashion Designers of America, the Met Gala, and the International Best Dressed List.", "Q3805": "Amman (English: ; Arabic: \u0639\u064e\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u200e \u02bbamm\u0101n pronounced [\u0295am\u02d0a\u02d0n]) is the capital and largest city of Jordan and the country's economic, political and cultural centre. With a population of 4,007,526, Amman is the largest city in the Levant region and the fifth-largest city in the Arab world. It is considered to be among the most modernized Arab cities and a major tourist destination.The earliest evidence of settlement in Amman is in a Neolithic site known as 'Ain Ghazal, where some of the oldest human statues ever found dating to 7250 BC were uncovered. During the Iron Age, the city was known as Ammon, home to the Kingdom of the Ammonites. It was named Philadelphia during its Greek and Roman periods, and was finally called Amman during the Islamic period. Abandoned for much of the medieval and post-medieval period, modern Amman dates to the late 19th century when Circassian immigrants were settled there by the Ottoman Empire in 1867. The first municipal council was established in 1909. Amman witnessed rapid growth after its designation as Transjordan's capital in 1921, and after several successive waves of refugees: Palestinians in 1948 and 1967; Iraqis in 1990 and 2003; and Syrians since 2011. It was initially built on seven hills but now spans over 19 hills combining 27 districts, which are administered by the Greater Amman Municipality headed by its mayor Yousef Shawarbeh. Areas of Amman have gained their names from either the hills (Jabal) or the valleys (Wadi) they occupy, such as Jabal Lweibdeh and Wadi Abdoun. East Amman is predominantly filled with historic sites that frequently host cultural activities, while West Amman is more modern and serves as the economic center of the city.Approximately two million visitors arrived in Amman in 2014, which made it the 93rd most visited city in the world and the 5th most visited Arab city. Amman has a relatively fast growing economy, and it is ranked Beta\u2212 on the global city index. Moreover, it was named one of the Middle East and North Africa's best cities according to economic, labor, environmental, and socio-cultural factors. The city is among the most popular locations in the Arab world for multinational corporations to set up their regional offices, alongside Doha and only behind Dubai. It is expected that in the next 10 years these three cities will capture the largest share of multinational corporation activity in the region.", "Q76417": "Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz (23 January 1751, or 12 January in the Julian calendar \u2013 4 June 1792, or 24 May in the Julian calendar) was a Baltic German writer of the Sturm und Drang movement.", "Q568356": "Robert Shelton, born Robert Shapiro (June 28, 1926, Chicago, Illinois, United States \u2013 December 11, 1995, Brighton, England) was a music and film critic.\nShelton helped to launch the career of a then-unknown 20-year-old Bob Dylan. In 1961, Dylan was performing at Gerdes Folk City in the West Village, one of the best-known folk venues in New York, opening for the bluegrass act the Greenbriar Boys. Shelton's positive review in The New York Times brought crucial publicity to Dylan and led to a Columbia recording contract. Shelton had previously noted Dylan in a review for the New York Times of WRVR's live twelve-hour Hootenanny, July 29, 1961. \"Among the newer promising talents deserving mention are a 20-year-old latter-day Guthrie disciple named Bob Dylan, with a curiously arresting mumbling, country-steeped manner.\" This was Dylan's first live radio performance.", "Q1106469": "Darrell Roberts is an American guitar player best known as a former member of the American heavy metal band W.A.S.P..", "Q345921": "Ada is a city in and the county seat of Pontotoc County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 16,810 at the 2010 census, an increase of 7.1 percent from 15,691 at the 2000 census. The city was named for Ada Reed, the daughter of an early settler, and was incorporated in 1901. Ada is home to East Central University, and is the headquarters of the Chickasaw Nation.\nAda is an Oklahoma Main Street City, an Oklahoma Certified City, and a Tree City USA member.", "Q1714236": "Justin Wayne Tubb (August 20, 1935 \u2013 January 24, 1998) was an American country music singer and songwriter. Born in San Antonio, Texas, United States, he was the oldest son of country singer Ernest Tubb, known for popular songs like \"Walking the Floor Over You\".", "Q70066": "Jochen Borchert (born 25 April 1940 in Nahrstedt, Stendal) is a German politician and member of the CDU. He was minister of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection in Chancellor Helmut Kohl's cabinet from 1993 to 1998. From 1980 to 2009 he has been a member of the Bundestag.", "Q152229": "Frederick William II (German: Friedrich Wilhelm II.; 25 September 1744 \u2013 16 November 1797) was King of Prussia from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-elector of Brandenburg and (via the Orange-Nassau inheritance of his grandfather) sovereign prince of the Canton of Neuch\u00e2tel. Pleasure-loving and indolent, he is seen as the antithesis to his predecessor, Frederick II. Under his reign, Prussia was weakened internally and externally, and he failed to deal adequately with the challenges to the existing order posed by the French Revolution. His religious policies were directed against the Enlightenment and aimed at restoring a traditional Protestantism. However, he was a patron of the arts and responsible for the construction of some notable buildings, among them the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin.", "Q892115": "Bernard Chazelle (born November 5, 1955) is a French-American computer scientist. He is currently the Eugene Higgins Professor of Computer Science at Princeton University. Much of his work is in computational geometry, where he is known for his study of algorithms, such as linear-time triangulation of a simple polygon, as well as major complexity results, such as lower bound techniques based on discrepancy theory. He is also known for his invention of the soft heap data structure and the most asymptotically efficient known algorithm for finding minimum spanning trees.", "Q209295": "Philosophy of religion is \"the philosophical examination of the central themes and concepts involved in religious traditions\". Philosophical discussions on such topics date from ancient times, and appear in the earliest known texts concerning philosophy. The field is related to many other branches of philosophy, including metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics.The philosophy of religion differs from religious philosophy in that it seeks to discuss questions regarding the nature of religion as a whole, rather than examining the problems brought forth by a particular belief-system. It can be carried out dispassionately by those who identify as believers or non-believers.", "Q84681": "Otto Nuschke (23 February 1883 \u2013 27 December 1957) was a German politician.\nNuschke was born in Frohburg in the Kingdom of Saxony. In 1910 he was elected General Secretary of the liberal Progressive People's Party (Fortschrittliche Volkspartei) of Kassel. In the same year he became chief editor of the Berliner Tageblatt and in 1915 co-editor of the Berliner Volkszeitung.\nNuschke soon joined the Liberal Union (Freisinnige Vereinigung), left-wing liberal organisation, and became its general secretary of Kassel in 1906. As this group fused with other left-liberal organisations (in 1910) to form the Progressive People's Party, Nuschke became the general secretary of the new party in Kassel.\nIn 1918 he took part in establishing the German Democratic Party. In 1919 he was a delegate to the National Congress of Weimar and from 1921 to 1933 he was a member of the Reichstag. In 1920s Nuschke was at times the deputy chairman of the German Democratic Party. Nuschke was one of the founders of the republican Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold and became the general secretary of the German State Party in 1931 (i.e. a successor to the German Democratic Party).\nAfter the Nazis gained power in 1933 Nuschke joined the opposition. After the 1944 assassination attempt on Hitler's life, he went into hiding.\nAfter World War II, he became involved in the politics of the Soviet Occupation Zone (SBZ)--what became East Germany. Unlike most of the former German Democratic Party members, Nuschke did not take part in forming the LDPD/FDP, but became one of the co-founders of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) in June 1945, along with Ferdinand Friedensburg, Ernst Lemmer and Walther Schreiber. In 1946 Nuschke was elected in the party's executive committee. From 1946 to 1952 he was a member of the Landtag of Brandenburg. In 1947, after the deposition of party chairmen Jakob Kaiser and Ernst Lemmer by the Soviet military authorities, Nuschke became acting chairman and after the party congress of 1948, party chairman.\nIn March 1948, Nuschke - alongside Wilhelm Pieck (SED) and Wilhelm K\u00fclz (LDPD) - was chairman of the German People's Council (Deutscher Volksrat) that drafted the Constitution of the German Democratic Republic. In 1949 Nuschke became a member of the Provisional People's Chamber of the GDR. He remained a member of parliament until his death. After the formal establishment of the German Democratic Republic, Nuschke became Deputy Prime Minister and chief of the Church Office.\nNuschke was a loyal supporter of the SED regime, and gradually pushed out those CDU members not willing to do the Communists' bidding. This culminated in the party's 1952 conference, at which the CDU formally declared itself a socialist party.\nOn 17 June 1953, during the East German uprising, Nuschke and his driver were kidnapped and brought to West Berlin. Some American military recognised him and saved him from the angry masses. He and his driver were brought to a police station, but released on 19 June. After that Nuschke and his driver returned to East Berlin. In a spontaneous interview given to RIAS reporter Peter Schultze, Nuschke claimed that the East German government had popular support and that the demonstrators included West Berliners.In 1954 he received the Patriotic Order of the GDR and in 1955 he received an honorary degree.", "Q602137": "Antonio Garc\u00eda Guti\u00e9rrez (4 October 1813 in Chiclana de la Frontera, C\u00e1diz \u2013 26 August 1884 in Madrid) was a Spanish Romantic dramatist.\n\n", "Q187414": "Virtuosity is a 1995 American science fiction action film directed by Brett Leonard and starring Denzel Washington and Russell Crowe. Howard W. Koch Jr. served as an executive producer for the film. Virtuosity had an estimated budget of $30 million, but only made $24 million at the domestic box office. The film was released in the United States on August 4, 1995.", "Q980277": "William Charles Dement (born July 29, 1928) is an American sleep researcher and founder of the Sleep Research Center at Stanford University. He is a leading authority on sleep, sleep deprivation and the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders such as sleep apnea and narcolepsy. For this pioneering work in a previously uncharted field in the United States, he is sometimes referred to as the American father of sleep medicine.\n\n", "Q190168": "The Yoruba people (Yoruba: \u00ccran Yor\u00f9b\u00e1) are an African ethnic group that inhabits western Africa, mainly Nigeria and Benin. The Yoruba constitute about 44 million people in total. The vast majority of this population is from Nigeria, where the Yoruba make up 16% of the country's population, making them one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa. Most Yoruba people speak the Yoruba language, which is the Niger-Congo language with the largest number of native speakers.The Yoruba share borders with the very closely related Itsekiri to the south-east in the North West Niger delta (who choose to maintain a distinct cultural identity), Bariba to the north in Benin and Nigeria, the Nupe also to the north and the Ebira to the northeast in central Nigeria. To the east are the Edo, \u1eb8san and the Afemai groups in mid-western Nigeria. Adjacent to the Ebira and Edo groups are the related Igala people found in the northeast, on the left bank of the Niger River. To the southwest are the Gbe speaking Mahi, Gun, Fon and Ewe who border Yoruba communities in Benin and Togo. Significant Yoruba populations in other West African countries can be found in Ghana, Benin, Ivory Coast, and Sierra Leone.The Yoruba diaspora consists of two main groupings; one of them includes relatively recent migrants, the majority of which moved to the United Kingdom and the United States after major economic and political changes in the 1960s to 1980s. The other dates to the Atlantic slave trade and has communities in the United States, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Saint Lucia, Jamaica, Brazil, Grenada, and Trinidad and Tobago, and other countries. Yoruba-derived culture remains visible especially in Cuba, Brazil, Saint Lucia, Dominica, Trinidad & Tobago, and to a lesser extent also in Haiti, where the Fon and Ewe cultures were more dominant.\n\n", "Q256785": "Kim Peacock (1901\u20131966) was born on 24 March 1901 in Watford, Hertfordshire, England. He was an actor and writer, known for Midnight at the Wax Museum (1936), BBC Sunday-Night Theatre (1950) and Hit Parade (1952). He died on 26 December 1966 in Emsworth, Hampshire. He played the title character in the BBC Radio serial Paul Temple between 1946 and 1953.He was the son of Watford Rovers footballer Charlie Peacock, who later became the owner of the Watford Observer, the town's newspaper.", "Q105365": "Otto Karl von Oehlschl\u00e4ger (16 May 1831 \u2013 14 January 1904) was a German jurist and politician.\n\n", "Q718609": "Dov Frohman (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05d1 \u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d4\u05de\u05df, also Dov Frohman-Bentchkowsky; born March 28, 1939) is an Israeli electrical engineer and business executive. A former vice president of Intel Corporation, he is the inventor of the erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) and the founder and first general manager of Intel Israel. He is also the author (with Robert Howard) of Leadership the Hard Way (Jossey-Bass, 2008).", "Q164957": "Jaroslav Durych (2 December 1886 \u2013 7 April 1962) was a Czech prose writer, poet, playwright, journalist, and military surgeon.", "Q1714222": "Justin Robinson (born August 14, 1968) is an American alto saxophonist. He has performed with artists such as the Harper Brothers, Cecil Brooks III, Abbey Lincoln, Diana Ross, Little Jimmy Scott, the Carnegie Hall Jazz Band, and the Dizzy Gillespie All Star Band. He is a member of the quintet and big band of trumpeter Roy Hargrove.", "Q19948176": "Andrew Wilson (born August 22, 1964) is an American film actor and director. He is the older brother of actors Owen Wilson and Luke Wilson.", "Q999726": "Dale Van Every (July 23, 1896, Van, Michigan \u2013 May 28, 1976, Santa Barbara, California) was an American writer, film producer and studio executive.", "Q322776": "Abominable is a 2006 American monster film, directed and written by Ryan Schifrin. The film stars Matt McCoy, Jeffrey Combs, Lance Henriksen, Rex Linn, Dee Wallace, Phil Morris, Paul Gleason and Haley Joel. The film premiered on April 10, 2006 in New York City.", "Q39314": "Romana Jordan (born 8 January 1966) is a Slovenian politician and physicist, currently serving as Member of the European Parliament (MEP). She is a member of the Slovenian Democratic Party, which is part of the European People's Party, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy.\nRomana Jordan was born in the Styrian town of Celje, where she attended the Celje First Grammar School. In 1990 she graduated in electrical engineering at the University of Ljubljana and in 2000 she obtained a PhD on a thesis on nuclear engineering. Between 1990 and 2002 she worked as a researcher at the Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute in Ljubljana.\nShe entered active politics in 1998, when she was elected on the Supervisory Board of the municipality of Dom\u017eale. In 2002, she was elected member of the Dom\u017eale Municipal Council on the list of the Slovenian Democratic Party. In 2004, she was elected to the European Parliament.\nRomana Jordan is a substitute for the Committee on Budgets, a substitute for the temporary committee on policy challenges and budgetary means of the enlarged Union 2007\u20132013, a member of the delegation for relations with the United States, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with Canada. She represented the Parliament at the 2008 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Pozna\u0144, Poland and the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen.", "Q6969": "Stefan Konrad Raab (born 20 October 1966) is a German entertainer, comedian, musician and former television host. Raab began his television career hosting the comedy show Vivasion in 1993. He became well known in 1994 after composing a hit single spoofing national football coach Berti Vogts. From 1999 to 2015, he hosted the late-night comedy show TV total and has also created a number of other television shows, such as Schlag den Raab and Bundesvision Song Contest. In the early 2010s, Raab was considered the \"most powerful man in German entertainment television\".Raab is also known for his recurring role as producer, writer and performer of German entries to the Eurovision Song Contest beginning in 1998. He was the initiator of the national pre-selection show Unser Star f\u00fcr Oslo (Our Star for Oslo), in which Germany's winning entry at the 2010 contest in Oslo was determined.", "Q339430": "Simply Red are a British soul and pop band which formed in Manchester in 1985. The lead vocalist of the band is singer and songwriter Mick Hucknall, who, by the time the band initially disbanded in 2010, was the only original member left. Since the release of their debut studio album Picture Book (1985), they have had ten songs reach top 10 in the UK Singles Chart, including \"Holding Back the Years\" and \"If You Don't Know Me by Now\", both of which reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100. They have had five number one albums in the UK, with their 1991 album, Stars, being one of the best-selling albums in UK chart history.At the 1992 and 1993 Brit Awards, they received the award for Best British Group. They received three Grammy Award nominations: for Best New Artist in 1987, and \"Holding Back the Years\" and \"If You Don't Know Me by Now\" for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. The band re-formed in 2015. Simply Red have sold over 50 million albums.", "Q232217": "Two or Three Things I Know About Her (French: Deux ou Trois choses que je sais d'elle) is a 1967 French New Wave film directed by Jean-Luc Godard, one of three features he completed that year. Like the other two (Week End and La Chinoise), it is considered both socially and stylistically radical. Village Voice critic Amy Taubin considers it one of the greatest achievements in filmmaking.", "Q1248972": "Herbie Kay, born Herbert Kaumeyer (born 1904 - died May 11, 1944, Dallas) was an American trumpeter and big band leader.\nKay's career began while he was a student at Northwestern University, where he played in dance bands in the mid-1920s. He led his own group from the late 1920s, and played extensively in the Chicago area from the early 1930s to the early 1940s, including a longstanding residency at the Blackhawk Restaurant. Kay hired Dorothy Lamour as a vocalist in 1934, and married her in 1935; by 1936, Lamour had moved to Hollywood to pursue a film career, and her marriage to Kay ended in 1939. He recorded for Vocalion and Columbia Records and toured throughout the Western US. For most of his career, he led a band with four saxophones, four brass instruments, and three rhythm instruments. He dissolved the group in the early 1940s and moved to Dallas, where he died in 1944.", "Q659899": "Portein (Romansh: Purtagn) was a municipality in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Portein, Pr\u00e4z, Sarn and Tartar merged into the municipality of Cazis.", "Q129857": "Francis I (French: Fran\u00e7ois Ier; Middle French: Francoys; 12 September 1494 \u2013 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547. He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoul\u00eame, and Louise of Savoy. He succeeded his cousin and father-in-law Louis XII, who died without a son. \nA prodigious patron of the arts, he initiated the French Renaissance by attracting many Italian artists to work for him, including Leonardo da Vinci, who brought the Mona Lisa with him, which Francis had acquired. Francis' reign saw important cultural changes with the rise of absolute monarchy in France, the spread of humanism and Protestantism, and the beginning of French exploration of the New World. Jacques Cartier and others claimed lands in the Americas for France and paved the way for the expansion of the first French colonial empire.\nFor his role in the development and promotion of a standardized French language, he became known as le P\u00e8re et Restaurateur des Lettres (the \"Father and Restorer of Letters\"). He was also known as Fran\u00e7ois du Grand Nez (\"Francis of the Large Nose\"), the Grand Colas, and the Roi-Chevalier (the \"Knight-King\") for his personal involvement in the wars against his great rival Emperor Charles V, who was also King of Spain.\nFollowing the policy of his predecessors, Francis continued the Italian Wars. The succession of Charles V to the Burgundian Netherlands, the throne of Spain, and his subsequent election as Holy Roman Emperor meant that France was geographically encircled by the Habsburg monarchy. In his struggle against Imperial hegemony, he sought the support of Henry VIII of England at the Field of the Cloth of Gold. When this was unsuccessful, he formed a Franco-Ottoman alliance with the Muslim sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, a controversial move for a Christian king at the time.", "Q117761": "Peter Martin Christopherson (also known as Sleazy, 27 February 1955 \u2013 25 November 2010) was an English musician, video director, commercial artist, designer and photographer, and former member of British design agency Hipgnosis.\nHe was one of the original members of the Industrial Records band Throbbing Gristle (TG). After the disbandment of Throbbing Gristle, he participated in the formation of Psychic TV along with Genesis P-Orridge and Geoff Rushton\u2014Rushton later changed his name to John Balance.After his short time in Psychic TV, Christopherson formed Coil with Balance, which lasted for just under 23 years, until Balance died of a fall in the Weston-super-Mare home he shared with Christopherson. Christopherson participated in the reunification of Throbbing Gristle and, after his relocation to Thailand in 2005, composed an album for his solo endeavour The Threshold HouseBoys Choir. Christopherson died in his sleep on 25 November 2010.", "Q377039": "The Amityville Curse is a 1990 American-Canadian supernatural horror film directed by Tom Berry and starring Kim Coates, Cassandra Gava and Jan Rube\u0161. It is loosely based on the novel of the same name by Hans Holzer. It is the fifth film in the Amityville Horror film series.", "Q32241": "Incident at Loch Ness is a 2004 mockumentary starring, produced by and written by Werner Herzog and Zak Penn. The small cast film follows Herzog and his crew (Gabriel Beristain, Russell Williams II) while working on the production of a movie project on the Loch Ness Monster titled Enigma of Loch Ness. Incident at Loch Ness won the New American Cinema Award at the 2004 Seattle International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q12191": "Nantes (, also US: , French: [n\u0251\u0303t] (listen); Gallo: Naunnt or Nantt [n\u0251\u0303(\u02d0)t]; Breton: Naoned [\u02c8n\u00e3un\u0259t]) is a city in Loire-Atlantique on the Loire, 50 km (31 mi) from the Atlantic coast. The city is the sixth-largest in France, with a population of 303,382 in Nantes and a metropolitan area of nearly 950,000 inhabitants. With Saint-Nazaire, a seaport on the Loire estuary, Nantes forms the main north-western French metropolis.\nIt is the administrative seat of the Loire-Atlantique department and the Pays de la Loire r\u00e9gion, one of 18 regions of France. Nantes belongs historically and culturally to Brittany, a former duchy and province, and its omission from the modern administrative region of Brittany is controversial.\nNantes was identified during classical antiquity as a port on the Loire. It was the seat of a bishopric at the end of the Roman era before it was conquered by the Bretons in 851. Although Nantes was the primary residence of the 15th-century dukes of Brittany, Rennes became the provincial capital after the 1532 union of Brittany and France. During the 17th century, after the establishment of the French colonial empire, Nantes gradually became the largest port in France and was responsible for nearly half of the 18th-century French Atlantic slave trade. The French Revolution resulted in an economic decline, but Nantes developed robust industries after 1850 (chiefly in shipbuilding and food processing). Deindustrialisation in the second half of the 20th century spurred the city to adopt a service economy.\nIn 2012, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked Nantes as a Gamma world city. It is the fourth-highest-ranking city in France, after Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The Gamma category includes cities such as Algiers, Orlando, Porto, Turin and Leipzig. Nantes has been praised for its quality of life, and it received the European Green Capital Award in 2013. The European Commission noted the city's efforts to reduce air pollution and CO2 emissions, its high-quality and well-managed public transport system and its biodiversity, with 3,366 hectares (8,320 acres) of green space and several protected Natura 2000 areas.\n\n", "Q63768": "Igor Vladimirovich Sysoev (Russian: \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0432) is a Russian software engineer. In October 2004 he released the nginx Web server, reverse proxy, load balancer and HTTP cache software and founded NGINX, Inc.\nSysoev was born in 1970 and grew up in Almaty, Kazakhstan, at the time called Alma-Ata in Kazakh SSR. Sysoev graduated from Bauman Moscow State Technical University in 1994. Since graduation he has lived in Moscow and currently serves as Chief Technical Officer at NGINX, Inc.\nOn December 13, 2019, Igor was detained by the authorities in relation to what has been asserted to be a copyright claim.", "Q272633": "Mar\u00eda de la Paz Elizabeth Sof\u00eda Adriana de la Huerta (born September 3, 1984), known professionally as Paz de la Huerta [pas de la \u02c8we\u027e.ta], is an American actress and model. De la Huerta is notable for her roles in the films The Cider House Rules (1999), A Walk to Remember (2002), Choke (2008), Enter the Void (2009), Nurse 3D (2013) and as Lucy Danziger in the HBO drama series Boardwalk Empire.", "Q96291": "Hans Bemmann (April 27, 1922 in Groitzsch near Leipzig \u2013 April 1, 2003 in Bonn) was a German writer.\nHans Bemmann studied German language and literature and musicology in Innsbruck. He worked as an editor at the Austrian Borrom\u00e4uswerk, an association of Catholic libraries, from 1954 and continued to work in this function in Bonn from 1956 to 1987. Between 1971 and 1983 he gave lectures in German studies at the P\u00e4dagogische Hochschule Bonn. He also worked as a lecturer at the Bonner Bibliothekar-Lehrinstitut until 1993. In the 1960s he used the pen name Hans Martinson for his publications.", "Q65319": "Hendschiken is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q338048": "Collin Chou (born 11 August 1967), sometimes credited as Ngai Sing, is a Taiwanese actor and martial artist.", "Q468356": "Ali Akbar Khan (14 April 1922 \u2013 18 June 2009) was an Indian Hindustani classical musician of the Maihar gharana, known for his virtuosity in playing the sarod. Trained as a classical musician and instrumentalist by his father, Allauddin Khan, he also composed numerous classical ragas and film scores. He established a music school in Calcutta in 1956, and the Ali Akbar College of Music in 1967, which moved with him to the United States and is now based in San Rafael, California, with a branch in Basel, Switzerland.\nKhan was instrumental in popularizing Indian classical music in the West, both as a performer and as a teacher. He first came to America in 1955 on the invitation of violinist Yehudi Menuhin and later settled in California. He was a Distinguished Adjunct Professor of Music at the University of California, Santa Cruz.Khan was accorded India's second highest civilian honour, the Padma Vibhushan, in 1989. Nominated five times for the Grammy Award, Khan was a recipient of the MacArthur Fellowship and the National Endowment for the Arts's National Heritage Fellowship.", "Q109239": "Eberhard Achterberg (9 January 1910 in Oliva, West Prussia, now part of Gda\u0144sk, Poland \u2013 11 August 1983 in Neum\u00fcnster) was a religious scholar, a journalist, a high-ranking Nazi official in the Amt Rosenberg and later a leading member of the German Unitarian Religious Community and school and university teacher.", "Q1051531": "Dougie Lee Poynter (born 30 November 1987) is an English musician, songwriter, fashion model, clothing designer, author, actor and philanthropist. He is the bassist and youngest member of the pop rock band McFly, as well as bassist for A. In 2018, he formed the rock band INK. with fellow members, Todd Dorigo, vocals and guitar, and Corey Alexander, drums.", "Q62310": "Senta Berger (German pronunciation: [\u02c8z\u025bnta \u02c8b\u025b\u0281\u0261\u0250] (listen); born 13 May 1941) is an Austrian film, stage and television actress, producer and author. She received many award nominations for her acting in theatre, film and television; her awards include three Bambi Awards, two Romys, an Adolf Grimme Award, both a Deutscher and a Bayerischer Fernsehpreis, and a Goldene Kamera.", "Q329145": "Angus is a 1995 comedy film directed by Patrick Read Johnson. The majority was filmed in Owatonna, Minnesota, at the Owatonna Senior High School. It stars Charlie Talbert and James Van Der Beek in their first film roles, as well as Chris Owen, Ariana Richards, George C. Scott, Kathy Bates, and Rita Moreno. The film is based on the short story A Brief Moment in the Life of Angus Bethune by Chris Crutcher, which is collected in his book Athletic Shorts: Six Short Stories.\n\n", "Q4695848": "Ahmed Hassan Said is a prominent Egyptian businessman in the IT sector and has become a leading political figure as a result of the Arab Spring uprising and the ouster of former President Hosni Mubarak. Said was at Tahrir Square since the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 started.Said was one of the founders of the Free Egyptians Party (FEP). A party that was founded in April 2011 and is backed by leading business, political, and cultural leaders. FEP supports the principles of a liberal, democratic, and secular political order in post-Mubarak Egypt.\nSaid was the first President of FEP. He also played a key role in the creation of the Egyptian Bloc. He won a seat in the parliamentary election of November 28\u201329, 2011. Said participated in FEP's political rally of October 9, 2011 among the Maspero demonstrations that led to the massacre of many protesters. He was injured and hospitalized as a result of the military's action against the demonstrators. He was also key in forming the National Salvation Front and was its secretary-general July 2013 to January 2014 after Mohamed ElBaradei stepped down from being the coordinator-general of the Front.\n\n", "Q108127": "Ventura County is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 823,318. The largest city is Oxnard, and the county seat is the city of Ventura.Ventura County comprises the Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is also considered the southernmost county along the California Central Coast.Two of the California Channel Islands are part of the county: Anacapa Island, which is the most visited island in Channel Islands National Park, and San Nicolas Island.\n\n", "Q1960": "Dar es-Salaam (; from Arabic: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u200e, romanized: D\u0101r as-Sal\u0101m, meaning: Place of Peace) is the largest city and former capital of Tanzania. It is the largest city in East Africa and the seventh-largest in Africa, with a population of 6,701,650. Located on the Swahili coast, Dar es-Salaam is an important economic centre and one of the fastest growing cities in the world.Until 1974, Dar es-Salaam served as Tanzania's capital city, at which point the capital city commenced transferring to Dodoma, by order of then-president Julius Nyerere, which was officially completed in 1996. However, as of 2018, it remains a focus of central government bureaucracy, although this is in the process of fully moving to Dodoma. It is Tanzania's most prominent city in arts, fashion, media, music, film and television, and is a leading financial centre. The city is the leading arrival and departure point for most tourists who visit Tanzania, including the national parks for safaris and the islands of Unguja and Pemba.\nIt is the capital of the co-extensive Dar es-Salaam Region, which is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions and consists of five districts: Kinondoni in the north, Ilala in the centre, Ubungo and Temeke in the south and Kigamboni in the east across the Kurasini creek.\n\n", "Q118334": "Franz Eugen Schlachter (28 July 1859 \u2013 12 January 1911) was a revivalist preacher, classical scholar and the translator of the German language Schlachter Bible.\nHe was the son of Joseph Franz Schlachter, a business man from M\u00fchlhausen/Alsace in France. At the time of his confirmation he visited the assembly (congregation) of Robert Persall Smith, the leader of the Holiness Movement, in Basel. At the same time he experienced conversion to Jesus Christ. As his parents lacked money he left school to begin vocational training for a merchant. He continued to study Ancient Greek and Hebrew during this time.\nFrom 1878-1882 he studied at a seminary in Basel. In 1882 he began his service as a preacher of the Evangelische Gesellschaft of the Bern canton. In 1884 he was baptised by a preacher from the Freie Evangelische Gemeinde in Thun named Konrad Werndli. In the same year he travelled to Great Britain, to visit the assemblies of Charles Haddon Spurgeon and American evangelist Dwight Lyman Moody.\nHe wrote many theological and biographical books about, among others, Herodes I (Herod the Great), Resli, a little boy, and Moody. In 1888 he published a short pamphlet named \"Brosamen von des Herrn Tisch\". In the first part he wrote about the Bible and belief in Jesus Christ. In the second part he wrote about animals and nature. In the third part he described men of God such as Moody and the history of the church. The last part is a report on the political scene in Europe. The pamphlet was distributed to farms in the Emmental.\nIn 1890 he founded a new assembly in Biel. Subsequently he began his translation of the Bible, beginning with the book of Job in 1893. In 1905 the Miniaturbibel (Miniature Bible) was completed, named for its size (1 cm thick), small enough to carry in a pocket. The translation was faithful to the Greek and Hebrew transcripts.\nIn 1907 he went to Bern to join the Freie Evangelische Gemeinde as a pastor.\nHe was married to Maria, with whom he had four children. In 1911 he died in Bern of a stomach illness.\nThis article incorporates text from the corresponding German Wikipedia article as of 19 December 2005.", "Q4773301": "Anthony Joseph Pratt (born 11 April 1960 in Melbourne, Victoria), an Australian businessman and billionaire, is the Executive Chairman of Visy Industries and Pratt Industries in America, which is the world's largest privately owned packaging and paper company. According to the Financial Review Rich List 2019, Pratt and his family have a net worth of A$15 billion. Forbes assessed Pratt's net worth in 2019 at US$6.8 billion; listing his sisters' wealth independently.Pratt is the son of the late Richard Pratt, a former manufacturing magnate and former president of the Carlton Football Club, and Jeanne Pratt , a philanthropist.", "Q726081": "Kodansha Ltd. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u8b1b\u8ac7\u793e, Kabushiki-gaisha K\u014ddansha) is a Japanese privately-held publishing company headquartered in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo, Japan. Kodansha is the largest Japanese publishing company, and it produces the manga magazines Nakayoshi, Afternoon, Evening, Weekly Sh\u014dnen Magazine and Weekly Bessatsu Magazine, as well as the more literary magazines Gunz\u014d, Sh\u016bkan Gendai, and the Japanese dictionary Nihongo Daijiten. Kodansha was founded by Seiji Noma in 1909, and members of his family continue as its owners either directly or through the Noma Cultural Foundation.", "Q1043135": "Carlos Pellas Chamorro is a Nicaraguan businessman. The controlling shareholder of Grupo Pellas, Chamorro is Nicaragua's first billionaire.\n\n", "Q58098": "Jos\u00e9 Antonio Garc\u00eda Bela\u00fande (born March 16, 1948) is a Peruvian career diplomat.\n\n", "Q716142": "Brendan Patrick Hines (born December 28, 1976) is an American actor and singer-songwriter. He has had a number of television roles, including as part of the main cast of Lie to Me as well as recurring roles in Scandal, Betrayal, Suits, Scorpion, Secrets and Lies and is part of the cast of Amazon Video's The Tick. Hines has also had leading roles in a handful of films, and released three albums.", "Q952457": "Nizhyn (Ukrainian: \u041d\u0456\u0301\u0436\u0438\u043d, romanized: N\u00ed\u017eyn, IPA: [\u02c8n\u207d\u02b2\u207ei\u0292\u026an]; Russian: \u041d\u0435\u0301\u0436\u0438\u043d, romanized: N\u00e9\u017ein; Polish: Nie\u017cyn) is a city located in Chernihiv Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine, along the Oster River, 150 km (93 mi) north-east of the nation's capital, Kiev. It is the administrative center of Nizhyn Raion, though the city itself is incorporated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. Once it was a major city of the Chernigov Governorate.", "Q208821": "Guy Elmer Hedlund (August 21, 1884 \u2013 December 29, 1964) was an American actor of the silent era. He appeared in 120 films between 1906 and 1947. Born in Connecticut, Hedlund died in Culver City in a road accident. Hedlund directed the 1920 industrial film The Making of an American.", "Q79056": "Hans-Peter Martin (born 11 August 1957) is an Austrian author and journalist and former politician who has been a Member of the European Parliament between 1999 and 2014.", "Q5199872": "Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd (died 1174) was an illegitimate son of Owain Gwynedd, a Prince of the ancient Kingdom of Gwynedd, Wales. He held the title \"Lord of Meirionnydd\".\nIn the battle for the throne of Gwynedd after the death of his father, he was ultimately driven into exile in 1173 by Gwynedd's new co-rulers Dafydd and Rhodri. After Cynan's death in 1174 his sons supported his nephew Llywelyn ab Iorwerth's successful bid for the throne in 1195.", "Q577504": "Charles Forbes Ren\u00e9 de Montalembert (15 April 1810 in London \u2013 13 March 1870 in Paris) was a French publicist, historian and Count of Montalembert, Deux-S\u00e8vres, and a prominent representative of Liberal Catholicism.", "Q69245": "Cologny (French pronunciation: \u200b[k\u0254l\u0254\u0272i]) is a municipality in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.", "Q49195": "Warwick ( or ) is a city in Kent County, Rhode Island, the second largest city in the state with a population of 82,672 at the 2010 census. It is located approximately 12 miles (19 km) south of downtown Providence, Rhode Island, 63 miles (101 km) southwest of Boston, Massachusetts, and 171 miles (275 km) northeast of New York City.\nWarwick was founded by Samuel Gorton in 1642 and has witnessed major events in American history. It was decimated during King Philip's War (1675\u201376) and was the site of the Gaspee Affair, the first act of armed resistance against the British, preceding even the Boston Tea Party, and a significant prelude to the American Revolution. Warwick was also the home of Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene, George Washington's second-in-command, and Civil War General George S. Greene, a hero of the Battle of Gettysburg. Today, it is home to Rhode Island's main airport, T. F. Green Airport, which serves the Providence area and also functions as a reliever for Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts.", "Q1967825": "Mitrofan (Mitrophan) Yefimovich Pyatnitsky (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0430\u043d \u0415\u0444\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439; 3 July [O.S. 21 June] 1864 \u2013 21 January 1927) was a Russian and Soviet musician, gatherer of Russian folk songs. He established the famous Pyatnitsky Choir in 1910 from 18 peasants originally from the Voronezh, Ryazan and Smolensk gubernias. After his death, the chorus was named after him.", "Q279000": "South Shields is a coastal town in the North East of England at the mouth of the River Tyne, about 3.7 miles (6.0 km) downstream from Newcastle upon Tyne. Historically part of County Durham, it became part of Tyne and Wear in 1974. According to the 2011 census, the town had a population of 76,498, the third largest in Tyneside after Newcastle and Gateshead. It is part of the metropolitan borough of South Tyneside which includes the towns of Jarrow and Hebburn. South Shields is represented in Parliament by Labour MP Emma Lewell-Buck. The demonym of a person from South Shields is either a Geordie or a Sandancer.", "Q12807": "Umberto Eco (5 January 1932 \u2013 19 February 2016) was an Italian novelist, literary critic, philosopher, semiotician, and university professor. He is widely known for his 1980 novel Il nome della rosa (The Name of the Rose), a historical mystery combining semiotics in fiction with biblical analysis, medieval studies, and literary theory. He later wrote other novels, including Il pendolo di Foucault (Foucault's Pendulum) and L'isola del giorno prima (The Island of the Day Before). His novel Il cimitero di Praga (The Prague Cemetery), released in 2010, topped the bestseller charts in Italy.Eco also wrote academic texts, children's books, and essays, and edited and translated into Italian books from French, such as Raymond Queneau\u2019s \u201cExercises in Style\u201d (1983). He was the founder of the Department of Media Studies at the University of the Republic of San Marino, president of the Graduate School for the Study of the Humanities at the University of Bologna, member of the Accademia dei Lincei, and an honorary fellow of Kellogg College, Oxford.Eco was honoured with the Kenyon Review Award for Literary Achievement in 2005 along with Roger Angell.", "Q371306": "Envoy Air Inc. (formerly American Eagle Airlines) is an air carrier headquartered in Irving, Texas, in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of American Airlines Group that, along with several carriers outside the group, feeds the American Airlines route network under the American Eagle brand. With over 1000 flights a day, serving 150 cities across the United States, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean, Envoy is considered to be one of the world's largest regional airline systems. Envoy is an affiliate member of the Oneworld airline alliance.\nThe name \"American Eagle Airlines\" was also used between April 1980 and April 1981 by an unrelated air charter service that suspended operations and filed bankruptcy before flying any scheduled operations.", "Q1973878": "Edward Miner Lamont Jr. (born January 3, 1954) is an American businessman and politician serving as the 89th governor of Connecticut since January 9, 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a Greenwich selectman from 1987 to 1989. He ran for the U.S. Senate in 2006, defeating incumbent Senator Joe Lieberman in the state Democratic primary election, but was defeated in the general election by Lieberman, who then ran as a third-party candidate.Lamont then ran for governor in 2010, but was defeated in the Democratic primary by former Stamford mayor Dan Malloy, who went on to win the general election. Lamont ran again in 2018, winning the party nomination and defeating Republican Bob Stefanowski in the general election. He uses his nickname Ned in his official capacity as governor, as he has done throughout his public life.\n\n", "Q88939": "Leopold Itz, Edler von Mildenstein (30 November 1902 \u2013 November 1968) was an SS officer who is remembered as a lead supporter in the Nazi Party of some of the aims of Zionism during the 1930s.\nHe sometimes worked as a writer and used the pen name LIM (his initials). In English he has sometimes been called a \"Baron\" although his rank of Edler meant \"nobleman\" and has no exact equivalent; perhaps the nearest translation is \"Esquire\".\nAfter the Second World War, Mildenstein continued to live in West Germany, where he joined the Free Democratic Party and was elected to its Press Committee. In 1956, he went to Egypt to work for a radio station, and after the capture of Adolf Eichmann in 1960 he claimed immunity as an intelligence agent of the US Central Intelligence Agency, a claim which was neither confirmed nor denied. Nothing was heard of him after 1964, when he published a book on cocktails.", "Q234128": "Miriam Margolyes, (; born 18 May 1941) is a British-Australian actress and voice artist. Her earliest roles were in theatre and after several supporting roles in film and television she won a BAFTA Award for her role in Martin Scorsese's The Age of Innocence (1993) and was cast in the role of Professor Sprout in the Harry Potter film series.\nFor many years she has divided her time between England and Australia, and she has starred in productions in both countries, including the Australian premiere of the 2013 play I'll Eat You Last. In 2013, she became an Australian citizen, thereby holding dual British and Australian citizenship.", "Q429444": "Fong Sai-yuk (Chinese: \u65b9\u4e16\u7389; pinyin: F\u0101ng Sh\u00ec Y\u00f9, aka The Legend of Fong Sai-yuk, or simply, The Legend) is a 1993 Hong Kong action and comedy film directed by Corey Yuen starring Jet Li as Chinese folk hero Fong Sai-yuk. The film won the Hong Kong Film Award and Golden Horse Award for best action choreography. The film received positive reviews praising Josephine Siao's acting and the action choreography.", "Q254804": "Ralph Joseph Gleason (March 1, 1917 \u2013 June 3, 1975) was an American jazz and popular music critic. He contributed for many years to the San Francisco Chronicle, was a founding editor of Rolling Stone magazine, and cofounder of the Monterey Jazz Festival. A pioneering rock critic, he helped the San Francisco Chronicle transition into the rock era.", "Q109211": "Elsa Bassermann (1878\u20131961) was a German screenwriter, stage and film actress. She was married to Albert Bassermann and often acted with him. As she was Jewish the couple had to leave Nazi Germany and go into exile in Switzerland and the United States. She later returned to Germany, where she died in 1961.", "Q64991": "Gerhard Klopfer (18 February 1905 \u2013 29 January 1987) was a senior official of the Nazi Party and assistant to Martin Bormann in the Office of the (Nazi) Party Chancellery.\nKlopfer was born in Schreibersdorf, Silesia (now in Poland), in 1905. He studied law and economics and in 1931 became a judge in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. When the Nazis came to power in 1933, he joined the Nazi Party and the SA (Sturmabteilung) along with the Gestapo (Secret State Police) the following year. In 1935, he became a member of Rudolf Hess's staff and the SS (Schutzstaffel) with the honorary SS rank of Oberf\u00fchrer (Senior Colonel). In 1938, he became responsible for the seizing of Jewish businesses, for questions about mixed marriages between Gentile and Jewish Germans, and general questions about occupation of foreign states.\nAs State Secretary of the Parteikanzlei (Party Chancellery), Klopfer represented Bormann, who was head of the Parteikanzlei, at the Wannsee Conference on 20 January 1942 in which the details of the \"Final Solution of the Jewish Question\" were formalised, policies that culminated in the Holocaust. Along with Helmuth Friedrichs, Klopfer was the highest-ranking bureaucrat behind Bormann in the Chancellery. This position gave him extensive power of patronage within the Nazi Party as Bormann often left appointments to party positions to Klopfer and Friedrichs. In this position he was also responsible as signatory for the concept of final call to arms of the underaged and elders in the age range of 16 \u2013 60 years \"Volkssturm\" in the final stage of the war.\nIn 1944, he was promoted to SS-Gruppenf\u00fchrer.\nAs the Red Army closed in on Berlin in 1945, Klopfer fled the city. He was captured and imprisoned and was charged with war crimes but was released for lack of evidence. He became a tax advisor in the city of Ulm (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) in 1952 and retrieved his Admission to the Bar in 1956 in order to practice as a lawyer. He was the last surviving attendee of the Wannsee Conference, dying in 1987.Klopfer was portrayed by Ian McNeice in the BBC/HBO made-for-cable film Conspiracy in 2001.", "Q63026": "The English Patient is a 1996 American epic romantic war drama film directed by Anthony Minghella from his own script based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ondaatje and produced by Saul Zaentz. The film tells the story of four people who find themselves in an abandoned villa in northern Italy in the last months of World War II. \nThe eponymous protagonist, a man burned beyond recognition who speaks with an English accent, tells his story to the young nurse caring for him in a series of flashbacks, revealing his true identity and the love affair he was involved in before the war. \nThe film was released to critical acclaim, and received 12 nominations at the 69th Academy Awards, winning nine, including Best Picture, Best Director for Minghella, and Best Supporting Actress for Juliette Binoche. It was also the first to receive a Best Editing Oscar for a digitally edited film. Ralph Fiennes, playing the titular character, and Kristin Scott Thomas were Oscar-nominated for their performances. The film also won five BAFTA Awards and two Golden Globes. The British Film Institute ranked The English Patient the 55th greatest British film of the 20th century.", "Q657122": "Larrikin Love were an English four piece indie rock band from London.\nConsisting of Edward \"Larrikin\" Leeson (vocals), Micko Larkin (guitar), Alfie Ambrose (bass) and Coz Kerrigan (drums), and also occasionally including violinist Rob Skipper from The Holloways or roving violinist Jonnie Fielding, the band were briefly described as being part of a Thamesbeat scene by the NME, a scene which is now widely accepted as having never really existed. They experiment with many different styles of music including punk, reggae, calypso, and bluegrass, and tend to add something of an Irish folk flavour to the typical indie rock sound, While often compared musically to bands such as The Clash, The Pogues and The Libertines, the band drew many of their lyrical influences from literature, including writers such as Rimbaud, Wilde and Orwell.After releasing their first two singles on the independent labels Young and Lost Club and Transgressive Records respectively, the band signed to Warner as part of a 'consultancy deal' between Warner and Transgressive. The band released their debut album, The Freedom Spark on 25 September 2006.\nOn 4 May 2007 it was announced that the band had split up, shortly prior to the release of their debut album in continental Europe.\nFollowing the split of the band, Leeson formed the short-lived Pan I Am and Sunless '97. Larkin moved to LA, where he worked with Courtney Love before becoming part of a reformed Hole. Ambrose joined Gaoler's Daughter, and Kerrigan joined his brother Fiachra's band Marner Brown, who later changed their name to K.", "Q168823": "Innocence is a 2004 French mystery drama film written and directed by Lucile Had\u017eihalilovi\u0107, inspired by the novella Mine-Haha, or On the Bodily Education of Young Girls by Frank Wedekind, and starring Marion Cotillard. The film follows a year in the life of the girls in the third dormitory at a secluded boarding school, where new students arrive in coffins.\n\n", "Q273263": "RWTH Aachen University (German: [\u025b\u0250\u032fve\u02d0te\u02d0\u02ccha\u02d0 \u02c8\u0294a\u02d0xn\u0329]) or Rheinisch-Westf\u00e4lische Technische Hochschule Aachen is a research university located in Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With more than 45,000 students enrolled in 144 study programs, it is the largest technical university in Germany.In 2011, the university accounted for the highest amount of third-party funds of all German universities in both absolute and relative terms per faculty member. In 2007, RWTH Aachen was chosen by the DFG as one of nine German Universities of Excellence for its future concept RWTH 2020: Meeting Global Challenges and additionally won funding for one graduate school and three clusters of excellence.RWTH Aachen is a founding member of IDEA League, a strategic alliance of five leading universities of technology in Europe. The university is also a member of TU9, DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) and the Top Industrial Managers for Europe network.", "Q86914": "Albert Norden (4 December 1904 \u2013 30 May 1982) was a German communist politician.", "Q44499": "Rafid Ahmed Alwan al-Janabi (Arabic: \u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u200e, R\u0101fid A\u1e25mad Alw\u0101n; born 1968), known by the Defense Intelligence Agency cryptonym \"Curveball\", is a German citizen who defected from Iraq in 1999, claiming that he had worked as a chemical engineer at a plant that manufactured mobile biological weapon laboratories as part of an Iraqi weapons of mass destruction program. Alwan's allegations were subsequently shown to be false by the Iraq Survey Group's final report published in 2004.Despite warnings from the German Federal Intelligence Service and the British Secret Intelligence Service questioning the authenticity of the claims, the US and British governments utilised them to build a rationale for military action in the lead up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, including in the 2003 State of the Union address, where President Bush said \"we know that Iraq, in the late 1990s, had several mobile biological weapons labs\", and Colin Powell's presentation to the UN Security Council, which contained a computer generated image of a mobile biological weapons laboratory. They were suggested to be mobile production trucks for artillery balloons. On 24 September 2002, the British government published its dossier on the former Iraqi leader's WMD with a personal foreword by Blair, who assured readers Saddam Hussein had continued to produce WMD \"beyond doubt\".On November 4, 2007, 60 Minutes revealed Curveball's real identity. Former CIA official Tyler Drumheller summed up Curveball as \"a guy trying to get his green card essentially, in Germany, and playing the system for what it was worth.\" He lives in Germany, where he has been granted asylum.In a February 2011 interview with The Guardian he \"admitted for the first time that he lied about his story, then watched in shock as it was used to justify the war.\"", "Q177903": "Stephen I, also known as King Saint Stephen (Hungarian: Szent Istv\u00e1n kir\u00e1ly [\u02ccs\u00e6nt \u02c8i\u0283tva\u02d0n kira\u02d0j]; Latin: Sanctus Stephanus; Slovak: \u0160tefan I. or \u0160tefan Ve\u013ek\u00fd; c. 975 \u2013 15 August 1038 AD), was the last Grand Prince of the Hungarians between 997 and 1000 or 1001, and the first King of Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until his death in 1038. The year of his birth is uncertain, but many details of his life suggest that he was born in or after 975 in Esztergom. At his birth, he was given the pagan name Vajk. The date of his baptism is unknown. He was the only son of Grand Prince G\u00e9za and his wife, Sarolt, who was descended from the prominent family of the gyulas. Although both of his parents were baptized, Stephen was the first member of his family to become a devout Christian. He married Gisela of Bavaria, a scion of the imperial Ottonian dynasty.\nAfter succeeding his father in 997, Stephen had to fight for the throne against his relative, Kopp\u00e1ny, who was supported by large numbers of pagan warriors. He defeated Kopp\u00e1ny mainly with the assistance of foreign knights, including Vecelin, Hont and P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny, but also with help from native lords. He was crowned on 25 December 1000 or 1 January 1001 with a crown sent by Pope Sylvester II. In a series of wars against semi-independent tribes and chieftains\u2014including the Black Hungarians and his uncle, Gyula the Younger\u2014he unified the Carpathian Basin. He protected the independence of his kingdom by forcing the invading troops of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, to withdraw from Hungary in 1030.\nStephen established at least one archbishopric, six bishoprics and three Benedictine monasteries; thus the Church in Hungary developed independently of the archbishops of the Holy Roman Empire. He encouraged the spread of Christianity with severe punishments for ignoring Christian customs. His system of local administration was based on counties organized around fortresses and administered by royal officials. Hungary, which enjoyed a lasting period of peace during his reign, became a preferred route for pilgrims and merchants traveling between Western Europe and the Holy Land or Constantinople.\nHe survived all of his children. He died on 15 August 1038 and was buried in his new basilica, built in Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r and dedicated to the Holy Virgin. His death caused civil wars which lasted for decades. He was canonized by Pope Gregory VII, together with his son, Emeric, and Bishop Gerard of Csan\u00e1d, in 1083. Stephen is a popular saint in Hungary and the neighboring territories. In Hungary, his feast day (celebrated on 20 August) is also a public holiday commemorating the foundation of the state, known as State Foundation Day.\n\n", "Q310934": "Hugh Emrys Griffith (30 May 1912 \u2013 14 May 1980) was a Welsh film, stage and television actor. He is best remembered for his role in the film Ben-Hur (1959), which earned him critical acclaim and an Academy Award. Some of his other notable credits include Exodus (1960), Mutiny on the Bounty (1962), Tom Jones (1963) and Oliver! (1968).", "Q149635": "Sameh Naguib (Arabic: \u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628\u200e, IPA: [\u02c8s\u00e6\u02d0me\u0127 n\u00e6\u02c8\u0261i\u02d0b]) is an Egyptian sociologist at the American University in Cairo, a socialist activist and a leading member of the Trotskyist organization the Revolutionary Socialists. In 2006 he published a short book analysing the history and growth of the Muslim Brotherhood under the title: \u201cThe Muslim Brotherhood- A socialist viewpoint\u201d.In 2007, Naguib was a speaker at the fifth Cairo Anti-war Conference, which he used as a platform to condemn former President Hosni Mubarak and pointed to Egypt's striking workers as a way forward for the movement:\n\n[T]he struggle against Mubarak\u2019s regime is just in its beginning and not end as the regime hopes. Despite the constitutional coup, passed by force and forgery, the Egyptian state terrorism will not intimidate us. Their laws and dictatorial constitution will not deter us from fighting for freedom and justice. He is the author of several articles and a pamphlet, The Egyptian Revolution: A Political Analysis and Eyewitness Account (London: Bookmarks, 2011).", "Q212689": "I Am Legend is a 2007 American post-apocalyptic action thriller film based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Richard Matheson. Directed by Francis Lawrence, the film stars Will Smith as US Army virologist Robert Neville. The story is set in New York City after a virus, which was originally created to cure cancer, has wiped out most of mankind, leaving Neville as the last human in New York, other than nocturnal mutants. Neville is immune to the virus and he works to develop a cure while defending himself against the hostile mutants. It is the third feature-film adaptation of Richard Matheson's 1954 novel I Am Legend, following 1964's The Last Man on Earth and 1971's The Omega Man.\nWarner Bros. began developing I Am Legend in 1994, and various actors and directors were attached to the project, though production was delayed due to budgetary concerns related to the script. Production began in 2006 in New York City, filming mainly on location in the city, including a $5 million scene at the Brooklyn Bridge. \nI Am Legend was released on December 14, 2007, in the United States and Canada, and opened to the largest ever box office (not adjusted for inflation) for a non-Christmas film released in the U.S. in December, and was the seventh-highest grossing film of 2007, earning $256 million domestically and $329 million internationally, for a total of $585 million. The film received mostly favorable reviews, with Smith's performance being singled out for praise; criticism focused on its divergences from the novel, particularly the ending.", "Q3187": "Rough Night in Jericho is a 1967 Technicolor Western film directed by Arnold Laven and starring Dean Martin, George Peppard and Jean Simmons. The picture was based on the novel The Man in Black, written in 1965 by Marvin H. Albert, who also wrote the screenplay. The supporting cast includes John McIntire and Slim Pickens. Rough Night in Jericho is the only film in which Dean Martin portrayed the villain.", "Q335544": "Jos\u00e9 Carlos Mari\u00e1tegui La Chira (14 June 1894 \u2013 16 April 1930) was a Peruvian intellectual, journalist and political philosopher. A prolific writer before his early death at the age of 35, he is considered one of the most influential Latin American socialists of the 20th century. Mari\u00e1tegui's Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality (1928) is still widely read in South America, and called \"one of the broadest, deepest, and most enduring works of the Latin American century\". An avowed self-taught Marxist, he insisted that a socialist revolution should evolve organically in Latin America on the basis of local conditions and practices, not the result of mechanically applying a European formula. Although best known as a political thinker, his literary writings have gained attention by scholars.\n\n", "Q663287": "The Spechhorn (it: Pizzo di Antigine) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Italy and Switzerland. On its northern side (Valais) it overlooks the lake of Mattmark.", "Q402819": "Ahrenshoop is a municipality in the Vorpommern-R\u00fcgen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany on the Fischland-Dar\u00df-Zingst peninsula of the Baltic Sea. It used to be a small fishing village, but is today known for its tourism and as a holiday resort.", "Q57383": "Girma Wolde-Giorgis (Ge'ez: \u130d\u122d\u121b \u12c8\u120d\u12f0 \u130a\u12ee\u122d\u130a\u1235 ; 28 December 1924 \u2013 15 December 2018) was an Ethiopian politician who was the 3rd President of Ethiopia from 2001 to 2013. He was the second person to hold the office of President since the founding of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia in 1995.", "Q92961": "Jordan K. Hubbard (born April 8, 1963) is an open source software developer, authoring software such as the Ardent Window Manager and various other open source tools and libraries before co-founding the FreeBSD project with Nate Williams and Rodney W. Grimes in 1993, for which he contributed the initial FreeBSD Ports collection, package management system and sysinstall. In July 2001 Hubbard joined Apple Computer in the role of manager of the BSD technology group. In 2005, his title was \"Director of UNIX Technology\" and in October 2007, Hubbard was promoted to \"Director of Engineering of Unix Technologies\" at Apple where he remained until June 2013.On July 15, 2013, he became CTO of iXsystems where he also led the FreeNAS open source project.On March 24, 2017, he announced his plan to depart from iXsystems and that he would be joining TwoPoreGuys, a Biotechnology company, as VP of Engineering.. As of January 2019, his LinkedIn profile notes that he is part of the Engineering Leadership team at Uber [1].", "Q1361304": "Vytautas Juozapaitis (born 14 December 1963 in Radviliskis, Lithuania) is a Lithuanian singer (baritone), recipient of Lithuanian National Prize, a soloist of Lithuanian National Opera and Ballet Theatre and Kaunas State Musical Theatre, a professor of Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre and a docent of Vilnius College of Higher Education, and a television personality. He has performed in many international venues and is considered the most famous contemporary Lithuanian baritone.\n\n", "Q238712": "Sasha Pieterse-Sheaffer (; born February 17, 1996) is a South African-born American actress, singer and songwriter. She is known for her role as Alison DiLaurentis in the Freeform series Pretty Little Liars. Upon the success of Pretty Little Liars, Pieterse earned a supporting role as Amy Loubalu in the 2011 Disney Channel film Geek Charming.In 2013, she starred in the teen comedy film G.B.F.. In 2017, Pieterse participated in the 25th season of Dancing with the Stars and finished in 10th place.", "Q1383381": "Lynise Walters (born 1972), better known by her stage name Queen Pen, is an American rapper.\nHer music career started as a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Teddy Riley, a record producer and member of the R&B group Blackstreet in the mid-1990s. Although not being listed on the song, she, alongside Dr. Dre, was a featured artist on Blackstreet's 1996 hit, \"No Diggity\". She signed to Riley's Lil' Man label, and released My Melody (1997), her solo debut album, produced by Riley.Her first album produced the charting singles \"All My Love\", \"Man Behind the Music\", and \"Party Ain't a Party\". Queen Pen earned a 1998 Soul Train nomination for Best New Artist. She also gained notice from her song \"Girlfriend\" featuring Meshell Ndegeocello, where she explored same-sex affairs.She took a three-year hiatus from rapping, and returned with Conversations with Queen (2001), her second album. She is now a novelist. Her sons Donlynn and Quintion Walters are also rappers who go by the stage names of Nefu Da Don and Q Nhannaz.", "Q295080": "Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 \u2013 June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. His works include the TV series Family (1976-1980), Charlie's Angels (1976\u201381), The Love Boat (1977\u201386), Hart to Hart (1979\u201384), Dynasty (1981\u201389), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990\u20132000), 7th Heaven (1996\u20132007), and Charmed (1998\u20132006). He also served as producer of Mod Squad (1968\u201373), The Rookies (1972\u201376), and Sunset Beach (1997\u201399).\nThrough his eponymous production company Spelling Television, Spelling holds the record as the most prolific television writer and producer in US television history, with 218 producer and executive producer credits. Forbes ranked him the 11th top-earning deceased celebrity in 2009.", "Q122094": "Annemarie Huber-Hotz (16 August 1948 \u2013 1 August 2019) was a Swiss politician who served as the Federal Chancellor of Switzerland between 2000 and 2007. She was nominated by the FDP for the office, and elected to it on 15 December 1999. In 2011, she became President of the Swiss Red Cross and ex officio vice-president of the IFRC.", "Q741754": "Mehmed Uzun (1953 \u2013 October 10, 2007) was a contemporary Zaza-Kurdish writer and novelist. He was born in Siverek, \u015eanl\u0131urfa Province, Turkey.\nAlthough the Kurdish language was outlawed in Turkey from 1920 to 1990, he started to write in his mother tongue. As a writer, he achieved a great deal towards shaping a modern Kurdish literary language and reviving the Kurdish tradition of storytelling. From 1977 to 2005 he lived in exile in Sweden as a political refugee. During his time in Scandinavia, he became a prolific writer, author of a dozen Kurdish language novels and essays, which have made him a founding member of modern Kurdish literature in Kurmanji dialect. In June 2005 he returned to Istanbul, Turkey. He was a member of the PEN club and the Swedish writers association.\nOn May 29, 2006, it was revealed that Uzun had been diagnosed with cancer. Following treatment at the Karolinska University Hospital of Stockholm, in Sweden he returned to Diyarbakir, Turkey, where he died, aged 54.", "Q51094": "Yuri Yulianovich Shevchuk (Russian: \u042e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u042e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0435\u0432\u0447\u0443\u0301\u043a; born 16 May 1957, Yagodnoye, Magadan Oblast) is a Soviet and Russian rock musician and singer/songwriter who leads the rock band DDT, which he founded with Vladimir Sigachev in 1980.\nHe is best known for his distinctive gravelly voice. His lyrics detail aspects of Russian life with a wry, humanistic sense of humor. He is also famous for opposing pop music culture (especially playback performances) for many years. He is often accredited with being the greatest songwriter in present-day Russia.", "Q66638": "Madulain ([m\u0250du\u02c8la\u026a\u032fn] ) is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q2844548": "Amy Andrea Childs (born 7 June 1990) is an English television personality, businesswoman and model. She appeared in the first two series of the ITV2 reality series The Only Way Is Essex, and then starred in her own reality series It's All About Amy from 2011 to 2012. Childs came in fourth place in the Channel 5 series Celebrity Big Brother 8 in 2011. In 2014, she participated in the Channel 4 series The Jump.\n\n", "Q38022": "St. Louis () is an independent city in Missouri. It is the largest metropolitan area in the state of Missouri; however, the independent city of St. Louis is the second largest city in Missouri, behind Kansas City. It is situated along the western bank of the Mississippi River, which forms the state line between Illinois and Missouri. The Missouri River merges with the Mississippi River 15 river miles north of Downtown St. Louis, forming the fourth longest river system in the world. The estimated 2018 population of the city proper was 302,838 and the bi-state metropolitan area was 2,804,724. Greater St. Louis is the largest metropolitan area in Missouri, second-largest in Illinois, seventh-largest in the Great Lakes Megalopolis, and the 20th-largest in the United States.\nBefore European settlement, the area was a regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Lacl\u00e8de and Auguste Chouteau, and named after Louis IX of France. In 1764, following France's defeat in the Seven Years' War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase. During the 19th century, St. Louis became a major port on the Mississippi River; at the time of the 1870 Census, it was the fourth largest city in the country. It separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics.\nA \"Gamma\" global city with a metropolitan GDP of more than $160 billion in 2017, metropolitan St. Louis's diverse economy has strengths in the service, manufacturing, trade, transportation, and tourism industries. The metropolitan area is home to nine of the ten Fortune 500 companies based in Missouri. Major companies headquartered or with significant operations within the city proper include Ameren Corporation, Peabody Energy, Nestl\u00e9 Purina PetCare, Anheuser-Busch InBev, Wells Fargo Advisors, Stifel Financial, Spire, Inc., MilliporeSigma, FleishmanHillard, Square, Inc., U.S. Bank, Anthem BlueCross and Blue Shield, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, and AT&T.\nMajor research universities within the city proper include St. Louis University and a small portion of the east end of the main campus of Washington University in St. Louis, with the majority of the main campus located in unincorporated St. Louis County and Clayton. The Washington University Medical Center, located in the Central West End neighborhood, hosts an agglomeration of medical and pharmaceutical institutions, including the Barnes-Jewish Hospital.\nSt. Louis has three professional sports teams: the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball, the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League, and the St. Louis BattleHawks of the XFL. In 2019, the city was awarded a Major League Soccer franchise, which will begin play upon the completion of a 22,500-seat stadium in the city's Downtown West neighborhood in 2022. Among the city's notable sights is the 630-foot (192 m) Gateway Arch in the downtown area. St. Louis is also home to the St. Louis Zoo, ranked as one of the nation's best, and the Missouri Botanical Garden, with the second largest herbarium in North America.", "Q333653": "Joaquim Monz\u00f3 i G\u00f3mez, also known as Quim Monz\u00f3 (Catalan pronunciation: [\u02c8kim mun\u02c8so]) (born 24 March 1952 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain), is a contemporary Spanish writer of novels, short stories and discursive prose, mostly in Catalan. In the early 1970s, Monz\u00f3 reported from Vietnam, Cambodia, Northern Ireland and East Africa for the Barcelona newspaper Tele/eXpres. He lives in Barcelona and publishes regularly in La Vanguardia.\nHis fiction is characterized by an awareness of pop culture and irony. His other prose maintains this humor. One collection of his essays, Catorze ciutats comptant-hi Brooklyn, is notable for its account of New York City in the days immediately following September 11. In collaboration with Cuca Canals, he wrote the dialogue for Bigas Luna's Jam\u00f3n, jam\u00f3n. He has also written El tango de Don Joan, with J\u00e9r\u00f4me Savary.\nIn 2007 he wrote and read the opening speech at the Frankfurt Book Fair, the year in which Catalan culture was the guest. Monz\u00f3 designed an acclaimed lecture written as if it were a short story, thus differing completely from a traditional speech. From December 2009 to April 2010 there took place in the Arts Santa M\u00f2nica Gallery in Barcelona a great retrospective exhibition on his life and his work, called Monz\u00f3.", "Q375606": "Birkbeck, University of London (legally Birkbeck College, University of London; informally Birkbeck and abbreviated BBK) is a public research university located in Bloomsbury, London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London. Established in 1823 as the London Mechanics' Institute by its founder, Sir George Birkbeck, and its supporters, Jeremy Bentham, J. C. Hobhouse and Henry Brougham, Birkbeck is one of the few universities to specialise in evening higher education in the United Kingdom.\nBirkbeck's main building is based in the area of Bloomsbury in London Borough of Camden in Central London. In partnership with University of East London, Birkbeck has an additional large campus in Stratford, next to the Theatre Royal. Birkbeck offers over 200 undergraduate and postgraduate programmes that can be studied either part-time or full-time, though nearly all lectures are given in the evening. Birkbeck's academic activities are organised into five constituent faculties which are subdivided into nineteen departments. Birkbeck, being part of the University of London, shares the University's academic standards and awards University of London degrees. In common with the other University of London colleges, Birkbeck has also secured its own independent degree awarding powers, which were confirmed by the Privy Council in July 2012. The quality of degrees awarded by Birkbeck was confirmed by the UK Quality Assurance Agency following institutional audits in 2005 and 2010.Birkbeck is a member of academic organisations such as the Association of Commonwealth Universities and the European University Association. The university is also a member of the Screen Studies Group, London. Research at Birkbeck in 11 subject areas is rated as \u2018internationally excellent\u2019 and \u2018world leading\u2019 while over 90 percent of Birkbeck academics are research-active. Birkbeck is ranked within the top 350 universities in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2020 and QS World University Rankings 2020. Birkbeck has been shortlisted by the Times Higher Education Awards as University of the Year. The university's Centre for Brain Function and Development was awarded The Queen's Anniversary Prize for its brain research in 2005.Birkbeck's alumni include four Nobel laureates, numerous political leaders, members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and a British prime minister.", "Q79718": "Tuskegee () is a city in Macon County, Alabama, United States. It was founded and laid out in 1833 by General Thomas Simpson Woodward, a Creek War veteran under Andrew Jackson, and made the county seat that year. It was incorporated in 1843. It is also the largest city in Macon County. At the 2010 census the population was 9,865, down from 11,846 in 2000.\nTuskegee has been an important site in African-American history and highly influential in United States history since the 19th century. Before the American Civil War, the area was largely used as a cotton plantation, dependent on African-American slave labor. After the war, many freedmen continued to work on plantations in the rural area, which was devoted to agriculture. In 1881 the Tuskegee Normal School (now Tuskegee University, a historically black college) was founded by Lewis Adams, a former slave whose father, Jesse Adams, a slave owner, allowed him to be educated. Its first founding principal was Booker T. Washington, who developed a national reputation and philanthropic network to support education of freedmen and their children.\nIn 1923, the Tuskegee Veterans Administration Medical Center was established here, initially for the estimated 300,000 African-American veterans of World War I in the South, when public facilities were racially segregated. Twenty-seven buildings were constructed on the 464-acre campus.The city was the subject of a notable civil rights case, Gomillion v. Lightfoot (1960), in which the United States Supreme Court ruled that the state legislature had violated the Fifteenth Amendment in 1957 by gerrymandering city boundaries as a 28-sided figure that excluded nearly all black voters and residents, and none of the white voters or residents. The city's boundaries were restored in 1961 after the ruling.", "Q124383": "Ren\u00e9 Thury (August 7, 1860 \u2013 April 23, 1938) was a Swiss pioneer in electrical engineering. He was known for his work with high voltage direct current electricity transmission and was known in the professional world as the \"King of DC.\" \n\n", "Q77735": "Hans J\u00fcrgen Press (1926\u20132002) was a German illustrator and writer of children's books. Many of his books contain stories and puzzles in which the reader searches the illustrations for clues to the mystery.\nPress was born in Klein Konopken, East Prussia.\nHe served for about four months during World War II, when he was captured in France and transported to Marseille, where he was shipped to Oran. After 3 or 4 days he was transported to the United States. Press was trained as an unarmed sail plane glider pilot. While a prisoner of war at Ft. D.A. Russell in Texas, he painted detailed murals of far West Texas mountain scenes at Building 98 in Marfa, Texas. The murals are on the National Register of Historic Places. He departed Marfa, Texas, in 1945 while there he created two west Texas watercolors of local residents one performing a Spanish dance and another playing the Spanish guitar.He returned from captivity to Hamburg in 1948 and attended the Hochschule f\u00fcr Bildende K\u00fcnste. In 1953 he began to illustrate for \"sternchen\", the children's supplement of German magazine stern. He invented Der kleine Herr Jakob, a little man with moustache and bowler hat who never talked but whose comic strips were commented in verse. The Adventures of the Black Hand Gang was a combination of story and illustration which appeared in weekly chapters, the solution to this week's riddle was given the next week.\nPress was one of the inventors of the \"Wimmelbild\", a genre of illustration deliberately overcrowded with detail, to please children on their search for a certain item. He also wrote and illustrated books about science and numerous puzzle and play books for children.\nHis son, Julian Press, is also an author and illustrator.", "Q216389": "Leopold Sonnemann (29 October 1831 \u2013 30 October 1909) was a journalist, newspaper publisher, and political party leader in Germany during the periods of the North German Confederation and the German Empire. Publisher and editor of the Frankfurter Zeitung, Sonnemann also served as a deputy to the Reichstag and was a founding member of the German People's Party.", "Q67526": "Wolfgang Schadewaldt (15 March 1900 in Berlin \u2013 10 November 1974 in T\u00fcbingen) was a German classical philologist working mostly in the field of Greek philology and a translator. He also was a professor of University of T\u00fcbingen and University of Freiburg.", "Q452790": "Sex Pot (Italian: La pupa del gangster) is a 1975 Italian comedy film directed by Giorgio Capitani. Alternative titles for the film in the English language include Poopsie & Co., Gun Moll, Get Rita, Lady of the Evening, Oopsie Poopsie and Poopsie. \n\n", "Q1957070": "For the Brazilian footballer, see M\u00e1rio L\u00facio da Silva Junior\n\nM\u00e1rio L\u00facio or Iz\u00e9 (born October 21, 1964) is a Capeverdean singer, composer, writer, politician and a painter. From 2011 to 2016, he was the Capeverdean Minister of Culture.", "Q10976": "Bergneustadt (German pronunciation: [b\u025b\u0250\u032fk\u02c8n\u0254\u028f\u0283tat]) is a municipality in the eastern part of the Oberbergischer Kreis (district), in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located 50 km east of Cologne. It is part of the Berg region.", "Q231736": "Mary Theresa Eleanor Higgins Clark (December 24, 1927 \u2013 January 31, 2020) was an American author of suspense novels. Each of her 51 books was a bestseller in the United States and various European countries, and all of her novels remained in print as of 2015, with her debut suspense novel, Where Are the Children?, in its seventy-fifth printing.\nHiggins Clark began writing at an early age. After several years working as a secretary and copy editor, she spent a year as a stewardess for Pan-American Airlines before leaving her job to marry and start a family. She supplemented the family's income by writing short stories. After her husband died in 1964, Higgins Clark worked for many years writing four-minute radio scripts until her agent persuaded her to try writing novels. Her debut novel, a fictionalized account of the life of George Washington, did not sell well, and she decided to exploit her love of mystery/suspense novels. Her suspense novels became very popular, and have sold more than 100 million copies in the United States alone. Her daughter Carol Higgins Clark and former daughter-in-law Mary Jane Clark, are also writers.", "Q615477": "An\u017eej De\u017ean (born June 17, 1987 in \u0160entjur, near Celje, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Slovenian singer.", "Q88087": "Ole Schr\u00f6der (born 27 August 1971 in Rellingen) is a German politician and member of the CDU. From 2009 until 2018, he served as Parliamentary State Secretary in the German Federal Ministry of the Interior.\n\n", "Q1069938": "The Cemetery of Our Saviour (Norwegian: V\u00e5r Frelsers gravlund) is a cemetery in Oslo, Norway, located north of Hammersborg in Gamle Aker district. It is located adjacent to the older Old Aker Cemetery and was created in 1808 as a result of the great famine and cholera epidemic of the Napoleonic Wars. Its grounds were extended in 1911. The cemetery has been full and thus closed for new graves since 1952, with interment only being allowed in existing family graves. The cemetery includes five sections, including \u00c6reslunden, Norway's main honorary burial ground, and the western, southern, eastern and northern sections. The Cemetery of Our Saviour became the preferred cemetery of bourgeois and other upper-class families. It has many grand tombstones and is the most famous cemetery in Norway.", "Q1691566": "Joseph Robinson (31 May 1927 \u2013 3 July 2017) was an English actor and stuntman born in Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland. He was a champion professional wrestler, as were his father Joseph and his grandfather John. His brother, Doug Robinson, is also an actor and stuntman.", "Q42956": "Harbin (Manchu: \u1865\u1820\u182f\u182a\u1873\u1828 (); Chinese: \u54c8\u5c14\u6ee8 H\u0101'\u011brb\u012bn) is a sub-provincial city and the provincial capital of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, as well as the second largest city by urban population and largest city by metropolitan population (urban and rural together) in Northeast China. Harbin has direct jurisdiction over nine metropolitan districts, two county-level cities and seven counties, and is the eighth most populous Chinese city according to the 2010 census, the built-up area (which consists of all districts except Shuangcheng and Acheng) had 5,282,093 inhabitants, while the total metropolitan population was up to 10,635,971. Harbin serves as a key political, economic, scientific, cultural and communications hub in Northeast China, as well as an important industrial base of the nation.Harbin, whose name was originally a Manchu word meaning \"a place for drying fishing nets\", grew from a small rural settlement on the Songhua River to become one of the largest cities in Northeast China. Founded in 1898 with the coming of the Chinese Eastern Railway, the city first prospered as a region inhabited by an overwhelming majority of immigrants from the Russian Empire.With its often harsh winters, Harbin is heralded as the Ice City for its well-known winter tourism and recreations. Harbin is notable for its beautiful ice sculpture festival in the winter. Besides being well known for its historical Russian legacy, the city serves as an important gateway in Sino-Russian trade today. In the 1920s, the city was considered China's fashion capital since new designs from Paris and Moscow reached here first before arriving in Shanghai. The city was voted \"China Top Tourist City\" by the China National Tourism Administration in 2004.\n\n", "Q63740": "Peter Lorenz (22 December 1922 \u2013 6 December 1987) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).", "Q4451656": "Artem or Artyom Mikhaylovich Tarasov (Russian: \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0451\u043c \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432; July 4, 1950, Moscow \u2014 July 22, 2017) was a Russian businessman and political activist of Armenian descent. In 1989 Tarasov became the first officially declared millionaire in the USSR.", "Q4798388": "Arthur D. Bond was an All-American football player for the University of Missouri Tigers, a Rhodes Scholar, and vice president of the A.P. Green Companies.Bond was born in Perryville, Missouri, on March 4, 1902 to Samuel and Ida Doerr Bond. He attended Perryville High School, where he was captain of the football team in 1918 and 1919, as well as participating on the Tuba staff, in the History Club and as a member of the track team.Bond attended the University of Missouri, where he received his bachelor's degree in 1925. Mr. Bond continued his athletic exploits at Missouri. He was a member of the 1922-1924 football teams, and was a teammate of future Tiger coach Don Faurot. As captain of the Missouri Tigers in 1924, he led the squad to the Missouri Valley Conference championship. He also lettered in track as a hurdler and sprinter. For two years, he was named to the Missouri Valley Conference all-conference team as a halfback, and was also an honorable mention All-American. For his outstanding scholastic and athletic achievements, he was selected as a Rhodes Scholar. In 1928 he graduated from Oxford University, Oxford, England, with a degree in jurisprudence. He also attended the University of Illinois for one year.Mr. Bond was a member of the Phi Delta Theta social fraternity, Phi Beta Kappa honorary, and Blue Key, an honorary University of Missouri service organization.He was married in 1930 to Elizabeth Carlyle Green of Mexico, Missouri. Her father, A.P. Green, founded A.P. Green Refractories Company, a fireclay manufacturer and a major employer for many years in Mexico. From 1928 to 1967, Bond was associated with the A.P. Green Company, starting in the sales department and working his way up. From 1937-1942 he was in the export department. He became a vice-president of the company in 1939 and after 1942 was director of foreign sales. In 1945 he was elevated to director of foreign subsidiaries and after 1947 Mr. Bond directed the international division of the A.P. Green Company. He had been a member of the Green Company Board of Directors since 1932.Mr. Bond was appointed by Missouri Governor Forrest Smith in 1949 to the State Board of Training Schools. He served three terms in the 1940s as a member and president of the Missouri Association of Fairs and Agricultural Expositions. He was a colonel on the staff of Governor Forrest C. Donnell, and was a member of the World Trade Advisory Commission and the International Relations Committee of the National Association of Manufacturers. He was an active member of the Missouri Bar Association, and of the Missouri Alumni Association.He and Mrs. Bond had two children, United States Senator Kit Bond and Arthur D. Bond, Jr. Bond died in June 1983, at the age of 81.", "Q179090": "Aaron Burr Jr. (February 6, 1756 \u2013 September 14, 1836) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the third vice president of the United States (1801\u20131805), serving during President Thomas Jefferson's first term.\nBurr served as a Continental Army officer in the American Revolutionary War, after which he became a successful lawyer and politician. He was elected twice to the New York State Assembly (1784\u20131785, 1798\u20131799), was appointed New York State Attorney General (1789\u20131791), was chosen as a U.S. senator (1791\u20131797) from the State of New York, and reached the apex of his career as vice president. In the waning months of his tenure as president of the Senate, he oversaw the 1805 impeachment trial of Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase.\nAs campaign manager for the Democratic-Republican Party during the presidential election of 1800, Burr (along with his unofficial campaign team, known as the Little Band) was responsible for the first open, public political campaign.Burr shot his political rival Alexander Hamilton in an 1804 duel, during the last full year of his single term as vice president. He was never tried for the illegal duel and all charges against him were eventually dropped, but Hamilton's death ended Burr's political career.\nBurr left Washington, D.C., and traveled west seeking new opportunities, both economic and political\u2014as well as refuge from the controversy surrounding him in the rest of the country. His activities eventually led to his arrest on charges of treason in 1807. He was tried and acquitted multiple times, but the fallout left him with large debts and few influential friends. To avoid vigilante execution and further charges by the state, he left the United States for Europe. He remained overseas until 1812, when he returned to the United States to practice law in New York City. He spent the rest of his life there in relative obscurity.", "Q7864046": "The UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television (UCLA TFT), is one of the 11 schools within the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) located in Los Angeles, California. Its creation was groundbreaking in that it was the first time a leading university had combined all three (theater, film and television) of these aspects into a single administration. The undergraduate program is often ranked among the world's top drama departments. The graduate programs are usually ranking within the top three nationally, according to the U.S. News & World Report. Among the school's resources are the Geffen Playhouse and the UCLA Film & Television Archive, the world's largest university-based archive of its kind, celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2015. The Archive constitutes one of the largest collections of media materials in the United States \u2014 second only to the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. Its vaults hold more than 220,000 motion picture and television titles and 27 million feet of newsreel footage. The film, television, and digital media program is one of the most prestigious film programs in the world. It is the most selective film school as the film and television major selects about only 15 freshman out of thousands of applicants and a handful of transfer students.The School's enrollment, in 2014, consisted of 631 students. For Fall 2014, the School received 4,442 applications and offered admission to 346 applicants (7.8%).\nWith 140 faculty members teaching 335 undergrads and 296 graduate students, the teacher to student ratio is about 1:5.", "Q235550": "Y G Mahendran (born 9 January 1950) is an Indian dramatist, actor, singer, playwright and comedian from the state of Tamil Nadu. He has acted in a number of plays and films. He is the son of Y. G. Parthasarathy, regarded as one of the pioneers of modern Tamil drama and Rajalakshmi Parthasarathy, founder and dean of Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan group of schools, and nephew of veteran Tamil filmmaker K. Balaji. Mahendra is also the cousin of actress Vyjayanthimala and the co-brother of Rajinikanth and Mohanlal.", "Q448910": "Doroth\u00e9e (French pronunciation of the first name Dorothy) is the stage name of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Hosched\u00e9 (born 14 July 1953 in Paris), a French singer and television presenter. She was a continuity announcer on French public broadcaster Antenne 2 from 1977 to 1983, but she is best known for having presented children's television shows like Les mercredis de la jeunesse (Childhood's Wednesdays, 1973), Doroth\u00e9e et ses amis (Doroth\u00e9e and Her Friends, 1977\u20131978), R\u00e9cr\u00e9 A2 (Recess A2, 1978\u20131987), and especially Club Doroth\u00e9e (Doroth\u00e9e's Club, 1987\u20131997), which totalled up to about 30 hours of broadcast per week and popularized Japanese animation in France (with titles like Dragon Ball, Saint Seiya, City Hunter or Hokuto no Ken, sparking controversy and complaints from the CSA as well as some political figures for their violent content).\nShe is also a singer with a large discography (one album per year on average between 1980 and 1996), singing pop music for children, and she has also recorded the best-known French traditional nursery rhymes in a record collection called Le jardin des chansons (Garden of Songs). Several of her songs were used for the opening of animated series featured in the Club Doroth\u00e9e (including Candy, Sophie et Virginie). One of her trademarks is that each of her albums, starting from Hou ! la menteuse in 1982 and up until Doroth\u00e9e 2010, featured a song with the word \"valise\" (suitcase) in its title, with a similar melody but a different arrangement and partially updated lyrics, totalling 16 \"valise\" songs.\nBetween 1990 and 1996 she did 56 shows at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy (now called AccorHotels Arena), which is still the record for a female artist, and the third global performance for the total number of concerts in this venue behind Michel Sardou and Johnny Hallyday. Besides, her 1992 tour attracted more people in France than Johnny Hallyday and Michael Jackson, earning her a \"Fauteuil d'Or\" award for more than 500.000 tickets sold.\nLater in her musical career Doroth\u00e9e developed a particular interest for early rock music. In 1993 and 1994 she animated three special prime-time shows called Doroth\u00e9e Rock'n'roll Show, in which she sang duets with major rock and roll and rhythm and blues artists like Ray Charles, Chuck Berry, Cliff Richard, Henri Salvador, Percy Sledge, Screamin' Jay Hawkins, and Jerry Lee Lewis with whom she sang Great Balls of Fire, also featured on her album Une histoire d'amour (1992). Her 1994 album Nashville Tennessee was recorded in the titular Nashville city, in the recording studio made famous by Elvis Presley and Bill Haley.\nShe had a brief stint in cinema, appearing in three movies between 1979 and 1980, including a prominent role in L'amour en fuite by Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut. The also made a cameo appearance in the 2019 live action Nicky Larson movie.", "Q787667": "Middle of the Road is a Scottish pop group who have enjoyed success across Europe and Latin America since the 1970s. Before ABBA established themselves in the mid 70s, Middle of the Road were the sound of early europop with their distinctive harmonies and lead vocals from Sally Carr. Four of their singles sold over one million copies each, and received a gold disc: \"Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep\". \"Sacramento\", \"Tweedle Dee, Tweedle Dum\" and \"Soley Soley\". By early 1972 the group had sold over five million records.", "Q110026": "Maximilian B\u00f6ttcher (20 June 1872 in Sch\u00f6nwalde \u2013 16 May 1950 in Eisenach) was a German writer. He joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in 1937.", "Q1325220": "James Mack Van Eaton (born December 23, 1937), known as Jimmy Van Eaton or J. M. Van Eaton, is an American rock and roll drummer, singer and record producer, best known for his recordings as the drummer in sessions with Jerry Lee Lewis and others at Sun Records in the 1950s. Lewis referred to him as \"THE creative rock 'n' roll drummer\".\n\n", "Q786579": "Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Suard (15 January 1732 \u2013 20 July 1817) was a French journalist, translator and man of letters during the Age of Enlightenment. He was born in Besan\u00e7on and died in Paris.\n\n", "Q2613747": "Horikoshi High School (\u5800\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u6821, Horikoshi K\u014dt\u014d Gakk\u014d) is a private high school in Nakano, Tokyo, Japan. The school was founded by Chiyo Horikoshi in 1923.Horikoshi High School was attended by many Japanese celebrities.", "Q109577": "Christian Bernreiter (born 7 April 1964 in Straubing) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. Since 1 May 2002 he has been a representative of the district of Landkreis Deggendorf.", "Q4493503": "Denison University is a private liberal arts college in Granville, Ohio. One of the earliest colleges established in the former Northwest Territory, Denison University was founded in 1831. The college was first called the Granville Literary and Theological Institution, later took the name Granville College, and, in the mid-1850s, was renamed Denison University, in honor of a key benefactor. The college was founded by Baptists who settled in the area. While the college's early curriculum was rooted in theological education, it also provided a broad education in literature and science. Female students attended the Granville Female Seminary beginning in 1832 followed by the Young Ladies\u2019 Institute in 1859, later renamed Shepardson College for Women in 1886. Shepardson College was incorporated as part of Denison in 1900.Denison is an undergraduate, residential four-year institution; the college enrolled 2300 students in Fall 2019. Students choose from 53 academic majors including the country\u2019s first data analytics program rooted in the liberal arts. The college offers three degrees: Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, and Bachelor of Fine Arts.The college's intercollegiate athletic teams compete in the North Coast Athletic Conference, fielding 24 varsity teams in the NCAA Division III. Historically, the college has a strong rivalry with Kenyon College Swim & Dive and Ohio Wesleyan in many varsity sports. Denison is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio and the Great Lakes Colleges Association.", "Q1373066": "Eugene Church (January 22, 1938 \u2013 April 3, 1993) was an American singer.\nBorn in St. Louis, Missouri, Church collaborated with Jesse Belvin in the 1950s as The Cliques, releasing singles on Modern Records. Late in the 1950s he released four singles of his own, as Eugene Church & the Fellows. The first two were U.S. hits: \"Pretty Girls Everywhere\" went #6 R&B, #36 Pop, and \"Miami\" hit #14 R&B and #67 Pop. They were followed by \"Good News\" and \"Mind Your Own Business\", neither of which charted. Church later pursued a career in gospel music in Dallas, Texas, and returned to secular music in the 1990s in doo-wop revues.Church died from cancer in Los Angeles, California in April 1993, aged 55.", "Q116457": "Verena Diener (born 27 March 1949 in Winterthur) is a Swiss politician, member of the Green Liberal Party of Switzerland, representing the canton of Z\u00fcrich in the Swiss Council of States.\nFormerly representing the Swiss Green Party, Diener was a member of the Swiss National Council 1987 to 1997. From 1995 to 2007, she was a member of the cantonal government of Zurich.\nIn 2004, Diener left the Green Party, founding the Green Liberal Party together with National Councillor and former president of the Zurich Green Party, Martin B\u00e4umle.\nIn the second round of the 2007 Council of States elections in Zurich, Diener won the majority before Swiss People's Party chairman Ueli Maurer. \nDiener's seat is one of five (out of 46) not held by members of the parties represented in the Swiss Federal Council (besides fellow Green Liberal, Markus Stadler of Uri, Werner Luginb\u00fchl of Canton of Bern and the two of the Green Party, Robert Cramer of Geneva and Luc Recordon of Vaud).", "Q18386860": "Charles Sullivan (April 24, 1899 \u2013 June 25, 1972), also known as Charlie Sullivan, was an American character actor who was born just before the turn of the 20th century on April 24, 1899. He would begin his acting career at the age of 25, in the 1924 silent film, His People. Over his highly prolific 30-plus-year career some sources have him appearing in over 500 films, while the American Film Institute credits him with appearing in over 250 films.", "Q262408": "Russell John Parrish (born November 24, 1970), better known as Satchel, is an American musician and songwriter. He is a guitarist for the comedic glam metal band Steel Panther.", "Q1246977": "The Institute of Red Professors of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (Russian: \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0301\u0440\u044b, \u0418\u041a\u041f) was an institute of graduate-level education in the Marxist social sciences located in the Orthodox Convent of the Passion, Moscow.\nIt was founded in February 1921 to address a shortage of Marxist professors but only about 25 percent of its graduates continued an academic career; most rather became activists of the Communist Party. At first it was under the jurisdiction of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union and later under the Department for Agitation and Propaganda (Agitprop). The studies lasted four years and students (nicknamed ikapisty) were required to write research papers, which were often published and represented a significant body of Marxist historical research. Two hundred thirty-six students completed the course between 1924 and 1929. In 1929, there were 69 teachers at the institute, seven of whom were not members of the Communist Party. Its rectors were Mikhail Pokrovsky (1921\u201331) and Pavel Yudin (1932\u201338). The institute was abolished in 1938. The institute was integrated into a system of higher party schools of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.", "Q73547": "Johann Baptista Baltzer (16 June 1803 \u2013 1 October 1871) was a German Catholic theologian.", "Q151708": "Joseph O'Neill is an Irish novelist and non-fiction writer. O'Neill's novel Netherland was awarded the 2009 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction.", "Q502819": "Andrej Einspieler (13 November 1813 \u2013 16 January 1888) was a Slovene politician, Roman Catholic priest and journalist, and one of the early leaders of the Old Slovene national movement in the 19th century. He was known as the \"father of the Carinthian Slovenes\".Einspieler was born in the village of Suetschach (Slovene: Sve\u010de) near Feistritz im Rosental (Slovene: Bistrica v Ro\u017eu) in the Duchy of Carinthia. He attended the lyceum and later the theological seminary in Klagenfurt. He served as a priest throughout the Slovene-inhabited areas of southern Carinthia. During the spring of nations of 1848, he collaborated with the fellow Carinthian Slovene priest and political activist Matija Majar and became a fervent advocate of the political program of United Slovenia. In 1851, Einspieler co-founded the Hermagoras Society (Mohorjeva dru\u017eba), the oldest Slovene publishing house, together with the Carinthian philologist Anton Jane\u017ei\u010d and the Styrian priest Anton Martin Slom\u0161ek. Due to Einspieler's restless cultural and publicist activity, Klagenfurt emerged as the major cultural center of the Slovene national revival in the 1850s. \n\nWith the beginning of the constitutional period in the Austrian Empire in 1860, Einspieler gradually abandoned the ideal of United Slovenia as unachieveble. He wrote numerous articles in the German language, calling for a collaboration between Slovene and German speakers in Carinthia and in other regions of the Slovene Lands. In 1865, he pushed through initiator the so-called Maribor Program, in which a group of Old Slovenes (a conservative fraction within the Slovene national movement) proposed the re-establishment of Inner Austria, a largely autonomous and federative political unit within the Austrian Empire into which the traditional provinces of Carinthia, Styria, Carniola, and Austrian Littoral would be merged. He launched the journal Stimmen aus Inner\u00f6sterreich (\"News from Inner Austria\"), written mainly in the German language, in order to convince the German-speaking public to accept this idea. The program was however rejected by both Slovene and ethnic German nationalists. At the beginning of the 1870s, Einspieler was marginalized from the mainstream in Slovene politics, although he continued his political activity. In 1876, he was elected in the Klagenfurt municipal council.\nHe died in Klagenfurt in 1888.", "Q321243": "Gennadi (or Gennady) Ivanovich Gerasimov (Russian, \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, 3 March 1930, Yelabuga \u2013 14 September 2010, Moscow) was the last Soviet, and then Russian ambassador to Portugal from 1990 to 1995. Previously he was foreign affairs spokesman for Mikhail Gorbachev and press secretary to Eduard Shevardnadze. He is noted for coining the expression \"Sinatra Doctrine\" in reference to Gorbachev's non-intervention policy with respect to other members of the Warsaw Pact. He was recognised as Communicator of the Year by the American Association of Governmental Communicators.He is mentioned in the Billy Bragg song \"Moving the Goalposts\".", "Q2579532": "The Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke is a large public French-language university in Quebec, Canada with campuses located in Sherbrooke and Longueuil, a suburb of Montreal approximately 130 km (81 mi) west of Sherbrooke. It is one of two universities in the Estrie region of Quebec, and the only French-language university for the region.\nIn 2007, the Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke was home to 40,000 students and a teaching staff of 3,200. In all, it employs 6,400 people. The university has over 100,000 graduates and offers 46 undergraduate, 48 master's and 27 doctoral programs. It holds a total of 61 research chairs, among which are the pharmacology, microelectronics, statistical learning, and environment research chairs.", "Q743157": "Jack Milton Fields Jr. (born February 3, 1952) is a Texas businessman and a former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from a Houston-based district.\nFields was born in Humble, a northern suburb of Houston, to Mr. and Mrs. Jack Fields Sr. He graduated from Humble High School in his hometown in 1970. Fields earned both Bachelor of Arts and Juris Doctor degrees from Baptist-affiliated Baylor University and Baylor Law School in Waco, Texas, in 1974 and 1977, respectively. After being admitted to the Texas bar in 1977, Fields worked as a lawyer in private practice and as a vice president of a family-owned business through 1980.", "Q995120": "Bryan Shelton White (born February 17, 1974) is an American country music singer and songwriter. Signed to Asylum Records in 1994 at age 20, White released his self-titled debut album that year. Both it and its follow-up, 1996's Between Now and Forever, were certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, and 1997's The Right Place was certified gold. His fourth album, 1999's How Lucky I Am, produced two top 40 singles, with the song \"God Gave Me You\" eventually becoming a big hit in the Philippines.\nWhite has charted 17 singles on the Billboard country charts, of which four reached number one: \"Someone Else's Star\" in 1995, \"Rebecca Lynn\" and \"So Much for Pretending\" in 1996, and \"Sittin' on Go\" in 1997. \"So Much for Pretending\" was the most successful of these songs, spending two weeks at number one.\n\n", "Q367216": "Bride of the Monster is a 1955 American science fiction horror film directed, written and produced by Edward D. Wood Jr., and starring Bela Lugosi and Tor Johnson with a supporting cast featuring Tony McCoy and Loretta King.\nThe film is considered to have Wood's biggest budget ($70,000). Production commenced in 1953 but, due to further financial problems, was not completed until 1955. It was released in May 1955, initially on a double bill with Macumba.A sequel, entitled Night of the Ghouls, was finished in 1959, but due to last-minute financial problems, was not released until 1984.", "Q242914": "Camille Dalmais (born 10 March 1978), better known by her mononym Camille, is a French singer, songwriter and occasional actress.\n\n", "Q159354": "Rowing, sometimes referred to as crew in the United States, is a sport whose origins reach back to Ancient Egyptian times. It involves propelling a boat (racing shell) on water using oars. By pushing against the water with an oar, a force is generated to move the boat. The sport can be either recreational for enjoyment or fitness, or competitive, when athletes race against each other in boats. The training and physical strain on the body required to be a successful rower is intense. A very tough mind and body is needed to succeed. There are a number of different boat classes in which athletes compete, ranging from an individual shell (called a single scull) to an eight-person shell with a coxswain (called a coxed eight).\nModern rowing as a competitive sport can be traced to the early 17th century when races (regattas) were held between professional watermen on the River Thames in London, United Kingdom. Often prizes were offered by the London Guilds and Livery Companies. Amateur competition began towards the end of the 18th century with the arrival of \"boat clubs\" at the British public schools of Eton College, Shrewsbury School, Durham School, and Westminster School. Similarly, clubs were formed at the University of Oxford, with a race held between Brasenose College and Jesus College in 1815. At the University of Cambridge the first recorded races were in 1827. Public rowing clubs were beginning at the same time; in England Leander Club was founded in 1818, in Germany Der Hamburger und Germania Ruder Club was founded in 1836 and in the United States Narragansett Boat Club was founded in 1838 and Detroit Boat Club was founded in 1839. In 1843, the first American college rowing club was formed at Yale University.\nThe International Rowing Federation (French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale des Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d'Aviron, abbreviated FISA), responsible for international governance of rowing, was founded in 1892 to provide regulation at a time when the sport was gaining popularity. Across six continents, 150 countries now have rowing federations that participate in the sport.Rowing is one of the oldest Olympic sports. Though it was on the programme for the 1896 games, racing did not take place due to bad weather. Male rowers have competed since the 1900 Summer Olympics. Women's rowing was added to the Olympic programme in 1976. Today, there are fourteen boat classes which race at the Olympics.Each year the World Rowing Championships are staged by FISA with 22 boat classes that race. In Olympic years, only the non-Olympic boat classes are raced at the World Championships. The European Rowing Championships are held annually, along with three World Rowing Cups in which each event earns a number of points for a country towards the World Cup title. Since 2008, rowing has also been competed at the Paralympic Games.\nMajor domestic competitions take place in dominant rowing nations and include The Boat Race and Henley Royal Regatta in the United Kingdom, the Australian Rowing Championships in Australia, the Harvard\u2013Yale Regatta and Head of the Charles Regatta in the United States, and Royal Canadian Henley Regatta in Canada. Many other competitions often exist for racing between clubs, schools, and universities in each nation.", "Q428028": "Perico Sambeat (born July 13, 1962) is a Spanish jazz saxophonist.\nHe is an instructor at Berklee's campus in Valencia, Spain.", "Q1363261": "Aleksei Kapitonovich Gastev (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u041a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432) (1882\u20131939) was a participant in the Russian Revolution of 1905, a pioneer of scientific management in Russia, a trade-union activist and an avant garde poet.", "Q897045": "Bradley Roland Will (June 14, 1970 \u2013 October 27, 2006) was an American activist, videographer and journalist. He was affiliated with Indymedia. On October 27, 2006 during a labor dispute in the Mexican city of Oaxaca, Will was shot twice, possibly by government-aligned paramilitaries, resulting in his death.", "Q75136": "Silvia Seidel (September 23, 1969 - July 31, 2012) was a German actress from Munich, who starred in the TV series Anna (1987), Halfway Across the Galaxy and Turn Left (1993), and Sturm der Liebe (2007). She also starred in the films Anna \u2013 Der Film (1988), Faith (1990), and had a small role in The NeverEnding Story (1984). She died on July 31, 2012.She took her own life after suffering from depression. \nHer mother had also taken her own life in 1992.\nShe is buried in the Gr\u00fcnwald Woodland Cemetery in Munich.", "Q109563": "Louis Gathmann (August 11, 1843 \u2013 June 3, 1917) was a German American engineer and an inventor who is best remembered as the inventor of the Gathmann gun, a large howitzer.", "Q774923": "Benjamin Lev Kweller (born June 16, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist.\nA former member of Radish, Kweller has released five solo albums and appeared on several collaborations.", "Q713760": "Early Wynn Jr. (January 6, 1920 \u2013 April 4, 1999), nicknamed \"Gus\", was an American professional baseball right-handed pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Washington Senators, Cleveland Indians, and Chicago White Sox, during his 23-year MLB career. Wynn was identified as one of the most intimidating pitchers in the game, having combined his powerful fastball with a hard attitude toward batters. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1972.\nWynn signed with the Senators at the age of 17, deciding to forgo completing his high school education, in pursuit of a baseball career. He spent a couple of seasons in Minor League Baseball (MiLB), achieving a brief MLB stint in 1939. Wynn returned to the big leagues in 1941, pitching his first full MLB season in 1942. Wynn missed all of 1945 and a portion of the 1946 season, while serving in the United States Army during the latter part of World War II.\nWynn was a member of one of baseball's best pitching rotations, along with Bob Feller, Mike Garcia, and Bob Lemon, while with the Indians in the mid-1950s. He won the 1959 Cy Young Award, beginning to rely more heavily on the knuckleball, as the velocity of his pitches declined. Wynn retired following the 1963 season. He finished with exactly 300 career wins, having spent the last several months of his career in pursuit of that win.\nWynn served as a coach and broadcaster in the big leagues, after his retirement as a player. In 1999, he was included on The Sporting News list of the 100 greatest players in baseball history. Wynn died that year in an assisted living facility following heart-related problems and a stroke.", "Q5944289": "Hunter College High School is a secondary school located in the Carnegie Hill neighborhood on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. It is administered by Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY). Hunter is publicly funded, and there is no tuition fee. Enrollment is approximately 1200 students. According to the school, \"students accepted to Hunter represent the top one-quarter of 1% of students in New York City, based on test scores.\"Hunter has been ranked as the top public high school in the United States by both The Wall Street Journal and Worth. The New York Times called Hunter \"the prestigious Upper East Side school known for its Ivy League-bound students\" and \"the fast track to law, medicine and academia.\" Publicly available data indicate that Hunter has the highest average SAT score, the highest average ACT score and the highest percentage of National Merit Finalists of any high school in the United States, public or private.", "Q432070": "Lara Jane Cox (born 1978) is an Australian actress, known for a variety of roles. Cox played the role of Anita Scheppers in Heartbreak High, Doctor Denman in H2O: Just Add Water, and has appeared in Voodoo Lagoon and Kangaroo Jack.\nShe guest-starred in Home and Away playing intern Dr. Marie during the \"Hospital Stalker\" storyline. She also starred as Finn in the final season of The Lost World. In 2009 she starred in the thriller The Dinner Party. In 2017, she took over the role of Quinn Jackson on Home and Away. The character returned after 22 years, being played by Danielle Spencer in 1995. Quinn is the daughter of Alf Stewart.\nShe has done a television commercial for Lunesta (sleep aid drug) in the USA, and is in an Australian television commercial for Hahn Super Dry.\n\n", "Q5284": "William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, software developer, investor, and philanthropist. He is best known as the co-founder of Microsoft Corporation. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), president and chief software architect, while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014. He is one of the best-known entrepreneurs and pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.\nBorn and raised in Seattle, Washington, Gates co-founded Microsoft with childhood friend Paul Allen in 1975, in Albuquerque, New Mexico; it went on to become the world's largest personal computer software company. Gates led the company as chairman and CEO until stepping down as CEO in January 2000, but he remained chairman and became chief software architect. During the late 1990s, Gates had been criticized for his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive. This opinion has been upheld by numerous court rulings. In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be transitioning to a part-time role at Microsoft and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the private charitable foundation that he and his wife, Melinda Gates, established in 2000. He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie and Craig Mundie. He stepped down as chairman of Microsoft in February 2014 and assumed a new post as technology adviser to support the newly appointed CEO Satya Nadella.Since 1987, he has been included in the Forbes list of the world's wealthiest people. From 1995 to 2017, he held the Forbes title of the richest person in the world all but four of those years. In October 2017, he was surpassed by Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos, who had an estimated net worth of US$90.6 billion compared to Gates' net worth of US$89.9 billion at the time. As of November 2019, Gates had an estimated net worth of US$107.1 billion, making him the second-wealthiest person in the world, behind Bezos.Later in his career and since leaving day-to-day operations at Microsoft in 2008, Gates pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors. He donated large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, reported to be the world's largest private charity. In 2009, Gates and Warren Buffett founded The Giving Pledge, whereby they and other billionaires pledge to give at least half of their wealth to philanthropy. The foundation works to save lives and improve global health, and is working with Rotary International to eliminate polio.\n\n", "Q3035180": "Dominique Fr\u00e9my (5 May 1931, Paris \u2013 October 2, 2008, Paris) was the creator of the Quid encyclopedia. His spouse Mich\u00e8le and son Fabrice participated in writing it as well.\nFr\u00e9my attended the Cours Hattemer, a private school. He was a diplomed student of the Institut d'\u00c9tudes Politiques de Paris (English: Paris Institute of Political Studies) and of the Facult\u00e9 des lettres de Paris. He was employed by Shell in London, but quit his job to produce a new encyclopedia with his wife, Dominique. It began in 1963, named Quid.\n\n", "Q1137844": "Alice in Wonderland (French: Alice au pays des merveilles) is a 1949 French film based on Lewis Carroll's fantasy novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Directed by Dallas Bower, the film stars Carol Marsh as Alice, Stephen Murray as Lewis Carroll, and Raymond Bussi\u00e8res as The Tailor. Most of the Wonderland characters are portrayed by stop-motion animated puppets created by Lou Bunin.All of the other live actors in the film are seen only in the live action scenes. However, they lend their voices to the Wonderland characters, and the staging of the scenes in England vs. the scenes in Wonderland is reminiscent of the Kansas scenes vs. the Oz scenes in The Wizard of Oz, in that several of the live-action characters seem to have counterparts (of sorts) in Wonderland. Among the other live actors are Pamela Brown as the Queen and as the voice of the Queen of Hearts. Stephen Murray is seen as Lewis Carroll and provides the voice of the Knave of Hearts, and Felix Aylmer, who played Polonius in Olivier's Hamlet, plays Dr. Liddell, father of Alice Liddell, the real-life inspiration for Alice; he also provides the voice of the Cheshire Cat.Carol Marsh was 20 years old when she played the part of Alice - conceived by the novel's author as 7 years old.", "Q26208": "Carlo Lizzani (3 April 1922 \u2013 5 October 2013) was an Italian film director, screenwriter and critic.", "Q13424456": "A hymn writer (or hymnwriter or hymnist or hymnographer) is someone who writes the text, music or both of hymns. In the Judeo-Christian tradition the composition of hymns dates back to before the time of David who composed many of the Psalms. The term hymnodist, in the USA more than in other regions, broadens the scope to include the study of hymns.", "Q249841": "Ivan Della Mea (born Luigi Della Mea, 16 October 1940 \u2013 14 June 2009) was an Italian novelist, journalist, singer-songwriter and political activist. His family name was \"Della Mea\"", "Q10962": "Rugby league is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field measuring 68 m wide and 112\u2013122 m long. One of the two codes of rugby football, it originated in Northern England in 1895 as a split from the Rugby Football Union over the issue of payments to players. Its rules progressively changed with the aim of producing a faster, more entertaining game for spectators.In rugby league, points are scored by carrying the ball and touching it to the ground beyond the opposing team's goal line; this is called a try, and is the primary method of scoring. The opposing team attempts to stop the attacking side scoring points by tackling the player carrying the ball. In addition to tries, points can be scored by kicking goals. Field goals can be attempted at any time, and following a successful try, the scoring team gains a free kick to try at goal with a conversion for further points. Kicks at goal may also be awarded for penalties.\nThe Super League and the National Rugby League (NRL) are the premier club competitions. Rugby league is played internationally, predominantly by European, Australasian and Pacific Island countries, and is governed by the International Rugby League (IRL). Rugby league is the national sport of Papua New Guinea, and is a popular sport in countries such as England, Australia,New Zealand, France, Wales, Ireland, Tonga, Fiji, Samoa and Lebanon.The first Rugby League World Cup was held in France in 1954; the current holders are Australia.", "Q21201": "Sociology is a study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction and culture of everyday life. It is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, acceptance, and change or social evolution. Sociology is also defined as the general science of society. While some sociologists conduct research that may be applied directly to social policy and welfare, others focus primarily on refining the theoretical understanding of social processes. Subject matter ranges from the micro-sociology level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and the social structure.The different traditional focuses of sociology include social stratification, social class, social mobility, religion, secularization, law, sexuality, gender, and deviance. As all spheres of human activity are affected by the interplay between social structure and individual agency, sociology has gradually expanded its focus to other subjects, such as health, medical, economy, military and penal institutions, the Internet, education, social capital, and the role of social activity in the development of scientific knowledge.\nThe range of social scientific methods has also expanded. Social researchers draw upon a variety of qualitative and quantitative techniques. The linguistic and cultural turns of the mid-20th century led to increasingly interpretative, hermeneutic, and philosophic approaches towards the analysis of society. Conversely, the end of the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s have seen the rise of new analytically, mathematically, and computationally rigorous techniques, such as agent-based modelling and social network analysis.Social research informs politicians and policy makers, educators, planners, legislators, administrators, developers, business magnates, managers, social workers, non-governmental organizations, non-profit organizations, and people interested in resolving social issues in general. There is often a great deal of crossover between social research, market research, and other statistical fields.", "Q294": "Icelandic ( (listen); Icelandic: \u00edslenska pronounced [\u02c8istl\u025bnska] (listen)) is a North Germanic language spoken by about 314,000 people, the vast majority of whom live in Iceland where it is the national language. It is most closely related to Faroese and Western Norwegian.\nThe language is more conservative than most other Western European languages. While most of them have greatly reduced levels of inflection (particularly noun declension), Icelandic retains a four-case synthetic grammar (comparable to German, though considerably more conservative and synthetic) and is distinguished by a wide assortment of irregular declensions. Since the written language has not changed much, Icelanders are able to read classic Old Norse literature created in the 10th through 13th centuries (such as the Eddas and sagas) with relative ease.\nIcelandic is closely related to, but not mutually intelligible when spoken with, the Faroese language whereas the written forms of the two languages are very similar. It is not mutually intelligible with the continental Scandinavian languages, and is farther away from the most widely spoken Germanic languages English and German than those three are.\nAside from the 300,000 Icelandic speakers in Iceland, it is spoken by about 8,000 people in Denmark, 5,000 people in the United States, and more than 1,400 people in Canada, notably in the region known as New Iceland in Manitoba which was settled by Icelanders beginning in the 1880s.\nThe state-funded \u00c1rni Magn\u00fasson Institute for Icelandic Studies serves as a centre for preserving the medieval Icelandic manuscripts and studying the language and its literature. The Icelandic Language Council, comprising representatives of universities, the arts, journalists, teachers, and the Ministry of Culture, Science and Education, advises the authorities on language policy. Since 1995, on 16 November each year, the birthday of 19th-century poet J\u00f3nas Hallgr\u00edmsson is celebrated as Icelandic Language Day.", "Q68167": "Sumiswald is a municipality in the district of the Emmental administrative district in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. It is mostly known for being the manufacturing location of the Swiss railway clock.", "Q70728": "Serravalle is a municipality in the district of Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It was formed on 1 April 2012 by the merger of the former municipalities of Malvaglia, Semione and Ludiano.", "Q1930941": "Michel Vinaver (born Michel Grinberg; 13 January 1927) is a French writer and dramatist. He was born in Paris to parents who had emigrated from Russia. He is the father of actress Anouk Grinberg. In 2006 he was awarded the Grand prix du th\u00e9\u00e2tre de l'Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.", "Q268131": "Stephanie Swift (born February 7, 1972) is an American former pornographic actress who starred in over 300 adult movies between 1995 and 2009, when she was diagnosed with breast cancer and left the industry. She is a member of both the AVN and XRCO Halls of Fame. Swift now works with XXXchurch.com, a Christian outreach group that offers to help pornographic actors leave the industry and help compulsive porn users overcome their porn addiction.", "Q3733966": "Ettore Maserati (1894 - 4 August 1990) was an Italian automotive engineer, one of five brothers who founded the Maserati firm in Bologna 1914. He was born in Voghera.His oldest brother Carlo Maserati brought him to the Junior car manufacturer in 1908. After Carlo's death, his other brother Bindo Maserati brought Ettore and Alfieri Maserati to work for Isotta Fraschini, which also resulted in worldwide representation tours in the years before World War I. He also held an intermediate position with Franco Tosi meccanica as a leading engine engineer.\nBetween 1914 and 1938, he was in Bologna, involved in business affairs of the Maserati racing car manufacturer. The company was bought by Adolfo Orsi in 1937, and in 1940, Ettore and his brothers Ernesto Maserati and Bindo Maserati moved with the company to Modena. In 1947 they founded the O.S.C.A.-Maserati company in Bologna. He retired in 1966.", "Q1703004": "Jonas Myrin is a Swedish singer, musician and songwriter based in Los Angeles, California. Myrin began his musical career in the early 2000s as a worship leader at Hillsong Church London and songwriter for various international acts, and later went on to become a solo artist in 2012. He is known for his work with Matt Redman with whom he won two Grammys for the song \"10,000 Reasons (Bless the Lord)\".", "Q1917326": "Mehmet Emin Karamehmet (born 1 April 1944) is the chairman of Turkey's \u00c7ukurova Holding conglomerate. He is currently ranked 2nd wealthiest person in Turkey and 401st globally in 2012 Forbes Billionaires list. He is one of the most influential and successful businessmen in Turkey with a record of several returns after failures.\n\n", "Q200299": "All About Eve is a 1950 American drama film written and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, and produced by Darryl F. Zanuck. It was based on the 1946 short story The Wisdom of Eve by Mary Orr, although screen credit was not given for it.\nThe film stars Bette Davis as Margo Channing, a highly regarded but aging Broadway star. Anne Baxter plays Eve Harrington, an ambitious young fan who maneuvers herself into Channing's life, ultimately threatening Channing's career and her personal relationships. The film co-stars George Sanders, Celeste Holm, and features Gary Merrill, Hugh Marlowe, Thelma Ritter, Marilyn Monroe in one of her earliest roles, Gregory Ratoff, Barbara Bates and Walter Hampden.\nPraised by critics at the time of its release, All About Eve received a record 14 Academy Award nominations and won six, including Best Picture. All About Eve is the only film in Oscar history to receive four female acting nominations (Davis and Baxter as Best Actress, Holm and Ritter as Best Supporting Actress). Widely considered to be one of the greatest films of all time, All About Eve was one of the first 50 films selected for preservation in the United States Library of Congress' National Film Registry, deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". All About Eve was ranked sixteenth on AFI's 1998 list of the 100 best American films.", "Q857261": "Rosario + Vampire (\u30ed\u30b6\u30ea\u30aa\u3068\u30d0\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30a2, Rozario to Banpaia, literally \"rosary and vampire\") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Akihisa Ikeda. The story revolves around Tsukune Aono, a boy who inadvertently enrolls in a boarding school for monsters. He quickly befriends Moka Akashiya, a vampire who soon develops an obsession with his blood, and later meets other monster girls who soon take a romantic liking to him. The manga was serialized in Monthly Shonen Jump starting with the August 2004 issue, and ending with the June 2007 issue. A bonus chapter was published in Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump in September 2007. Ten tank\u014dbon volumes were compiled and released from October 2004 to October 2007.\nRosario + Vampire: Season II (\u30ed\u30b6\u30ea\u30aa\u3068\u30d0\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30a2 seasonII, Rozario to Banpaia Sh\u012bzun Ts\u016b), a continuation of the series, was serialized from the November 2007 issue of Jump Square to the March 2014 issue, with an epilogue chapter in April. The series is licensed in North America and in the United Kingdom by Viz Media, and in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Entertainment. The series also spanned three CD dramas, two visual novels, a novel adaptation, and two internet radio shows.\nA 13-episode anime adaptation of Rosario + Vampire aired in Japan between January and March 2008. A second season of the series, Rosario + Vampire Capu2, aired in Japan between October and December 2008. The anime is licensed in North America by Funimation, who released both seasons on December 20, 2011. The anime is also licensed in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Entertainment, who released both seasons in 2012.", "Q219910": "Not to be confused with the also writer Pierre Boileau.\nAlso not to be confused with the composer Pierre Boulez.Pierre Boulle (20 February 1912 \u2013 30 January 1994) was a French novelist best known for two works, The Bridge over the River Kwai (1952) and Planet of the Apes (1963), that were both made into award-winning films.Boulle was an engineer serving as a secret agent with the Free French in Singapore, when he was captured and subjected to two years' forced labour. He used these experiences in The Bridge over the River Kwai, about the notorious Death Railway, which became an international bestseller. The film, named The Bridge on the River Kwai, by David Lean won seven Oscars, and Boulle was credited with writing the screenplay, because its two actual screenwriters had been blacklisted.His science-fiction novel Planet of the Apes, in which intelligent apes gain mastery over humans, was adapted into a series of nine award-winning films that spawned magazine and TV versions and popular themed toys.", "Q102350": "Bytom (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u0268t\u0254m] (listen); Silesian: Byt\u014d\u0144, German: Beuthen O.S.) is a city with powiat rights in southern Poland, in Silesia, in centre of Metropolitan Association of Upper Silesia and D\u0105browa Basin.\nIt is one of the oldest cities in the Upper Silesia, and the former seat of the Piast dukes of the Duchy of Bytom. Until 1532, it was in the hands of the Silesian Piasts, then it belonged to the Hohenzollern dynasty. After 1623 it was a state country in the hands of the Donnersmarck family. From 1742\u20131945 the town was within the borders of Prussia and Germany, and played an important role as an economic and administrative centre of the local industrial region. Until the outbreak of World War II, it was the main centre of national, social, cultural and publishing organisations fighting to preserve Polish identity in Upper Silesia.\nDuring Kristallnacht in 1938, Nazi Germans burned down the Bytom Synagogue. In 1942, the Beuthen Jewish community was liquidated and its members were the first transport to be sent to Auschwitz concentration camp.\nAfter the war, decades of the Polish People's Republic were characterized by a constant emphasis on the development of heavy industry, which deeply polluted and degraded Bytom. After 1989, the city experienced a socio-economic decline. The city is blighted with derelict, dilapidated buildings which are ubiquitous. The population has been in rapid decline since 1999 leading to a number of locals describing the city as a ghost town. Poverty remains rife in Bytom. However, it is an important place in the cultural, entertainment, and industrial map of the region.\n\n", "Q69279": "Attinghausen is a village and a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.", "Q45793": "Attila flagello di Dio (\"Attila Scourge of God\") is a 1982 Italian Comedy film written and directed by Castellano e Pipolo.\n\n", "Q371312": "Jason Kilar (born April 26, 1971) is an American businessperson and a member of the board of directors for DreamWorks Animation. He will become CEO of WarnerMedia on May 1, 2020. He was previously an Amazon executive and the CEO of Hulu, a joint venture of ABC, NBC Universal, and NewsCorp.\nKilar was born in Pittsburgh. He graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1993 and continued his education at Harvard Business School, earning an MBA.On January 4, 2013, he announced his resignation from Hulu after five years, together with Hulu CTO Rich Tom. The next month, Kilar joined the board of directors for DreamWorks Animation.In 2014, he announced Vessel, a subscription video service, where he was CEO and backed by investment companies Benchmark, Greylock Partners, and Bezos Expedition until the site was eventually sold to Verizon in 2016.On April 1, 2020, WarnerMedia CEO John Stankey announced that Kilar would be assuming the role of CEO of WarnerMedia effective May 1, 2020. Stankey announced that Kilar would be reporting to Stankey, who will remain COO of AT&T.\n\n", "Q65443": "Zihlschlacht-Sitterdorf is a municipality in Weinfelden District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q213583": "Johann Matth\u00e4us Bechstein (11 July 1757 \u2013 23 February 1822) was a German naturalist, forester, ornithologist, entomologist, and herpetologist. In Great Britain, he was known for his treatise on singing birds (Naturgeschichte der Stubenv\u00f6gel, Natural History of Cage Birds, 1795).", "Q64985": "Muhen is a municipality in the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q63032": "Albrecht Daniel Thaer (German pronunciation: [t\u025b\u02d0\u0250\u032f]; 14 May 1752 \u2013 26 October 1828) was a renowned German agronomist and an avid supporter of the humus theory for plant nutrition.", "Q86900": "Hans M\u00fcller(-Einigen) (born 25 October 1882 in Br\u00fcnn, Austria-Hungary; died 8 March 1950 in Einigen) was a German language writer, author of screenplays and director. As his proper name, Hans M\u00fcller, was quite common, he added the name of the Swiss village of Einigen to it.\nHe is known for The White Horse Inn (Im wei\u00dfen R\u00f6\u00dfl, 1930), written together with Robert Gilbert and Erik Charell, set to music by Ralph Benatzky. Earlier works were the librettos for Erich Wolfgang Korngold operas Violanta (1916) and Das Wunder der Heliane (1927).\nM\u00fcller-Einigen went to Hollywood in the 1920s where several films were made from his scripts. Since 1930 he lived in Einigen.\nHis brother was the author and critic Ernst Lothar (real name: Ernst Lothar M\u00fcller).\nHans M\u00fcller was attacked in Karl Kraus' play The Last Days of Mankind and in his journal Die Fackel (de) (The Torch).", "Q101881": "Siegfried Balleis (born August 4, 1953) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nIn 1996 he was elected Oberb\u00fcrgermeister for the town of Erlangen. He was in office till April 2014. From 1982 to 1993 he was married to Gabriele Pauli.", "Q368643": "The University of Coimbra (UC; Portuguese: Universidade de Coimbra, pronounced [univ\u0268\u027esi\u02c8\u00f0ad(\u0268) d\u0268 ku\u02c8\u0129b\u027e\u0250]) is a Portuguese public university in Coimbra, Portugal. Established in 1290 in Lisbon, it went through a number of relocations until it was moved permanently to its current city in 1537, being one of the oldest universities in continuous operation in the world, the oldest university of Portugal, and one of the country's largest museums of higher education and research institutions.The university is organized into eight different faculties according to a wide range of fields, granting academic bachelor's (licenciado), master's (mestre) and doctorate (doutor) degrees in nearly all major fields of knowledge, such as arts, engineering, humanities, mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences, medicine, sports and technologies. It is a founding member of the Coimbra Group, a group of leading European research universities, whose inaugural meeting it hosted. The University of Coimbra has over 20,000 students, and hosts one of the largest communities of international students in Portugal, arguably being the most cosmopolitan Portuguese university.On 22 June 2013, UNESCO added the university to its World Heritage List.", "Q446097": "Anne-Sophie Pic (born 12 July 1969) is a French chef best known for gaining three Michelin stars for her restaurant, Maison Pic, in southeast France. She is the fourth female chef to ever win three Michelin stars, and was named the Best Female Chef by The World's 50 Best Restaurants in 2011.", "Q336059": "Science fiction first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.", "Q274518": "June Newton (n\u00e9e Browne, 1923) is an Australian model, actress, and photographer. As an actress she was known professionally as June Brunell and won the Erik Kuttner Award for Best Actress in 1956. Since 1970 she has worked as a photographer under the pseudonym Alice Springs. Her photographs have appeared in publications such as Vanity Fair, Interview, Elle and Vogue.She is the widow of fashion photographer Helmut Newton.", "Q177917": "Imre Nagy (Hungarian: [\u02c8imr\u025b \u02c8n\u0252\u025f]; 7 June 1896 \u2013 16 June 1958) was a Hungarian communist politician who served as Prime Minister and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic from 1953 to 1955. In 1956 Nagy became leader of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 against the Soviet-backed government, for which he was executed two years later.\nNagy was a devout communist functionary since the Russian Revolution and served the Soviet NKVD secret police as an informer from 1933 to 1941, denouncing over 200 colleagues, who were then purged and arrested and 15 of whom were executed. He served in various offices as the Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP) took control of Hungary in the late 1940s after World War II and the country entered the Soviet sphere of influence. He played a key role in the ethnic cleansing of hundreds of thousands of German-speaking Hungarians from 1945 to 1946 as Interior Minister of Hungary. Nagy became prime minister in 1953 and attempted to relax some of the harshest aspects of M\u00e1ty\u00e1s R\u00e1kosi's Stalinist regime, but was subverted and eventually forced out of the government in 1955 by R\u00e1kosi's continuing influence as General Secretary of the MDP. Nagy remained popular with writers, intellectuals, and the common people, who saw him as an icon of reform against the hard-line elements in the Soviet-backed regime. \nThe outbreak of the Hungarian Revolution on 23 October 1956 saw Nagy elevated to the position of Prime Minister on 24 October as a central demand of the revolutionaries and common people. Nagy's reformist faction gained full control of the government, admitted non-communist politicians, dissolved the \u00c1VH secret police, promised democratic reforms, and unilaterally withdrew Hungary from the Warsaw Pact on 1 November. The Soviet Union launched a massive military invasion of Hungary on 4 November, forcibly deposing Nagy, who fled to the Embassy of Yugoslavia in Budapest. Nagy was lured out of the Embassy under false promises on 22 November, but was arrested and deported to Romania. On 16 June 1958, Nagy was tried and executed for treason alongside his closest allies, and his body was buried in an unmarked grave.\nIn June 1989, Nagy and other prominent figures of the 1956 Revolution were rehabilitated and reburied with full honours, an event that played a key role in the collapse of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party regime.", "Q118308": "Christian Levrat (born 7 July 1970) is a Swiss politician. He is the outgoing President of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland. He has served as a member of the Council of States from Fribourg since 2012. Prior to the Council of states, He was a member of the National Council in from 2003 to 2012.\nLevrat was born in La Tour-de-Tr\u00eame, now part of Bulle in the Canton of Fribourg. He earned a bilingual law degree from University of Fribourg and a master's degree at the University of Leicester.\nHe has citizenship in Pont (Veveyse), Le Cr\u00eat, Esmonts et Siviriez.", "Q263064": "The University of California, Santa Barbara (UC Santa Barbara or UCSB) is a public research university in Santa Barbara, California. It is one of the 10 campuses of the University of California system. Tracing its roots back to 1891 as an independent teachers' college, UCSB joined the University of California system in 1944 and is the third-oldest general-education campus in the system.\nThe university is a comprehensive doctoral university and is organized into five colleges and schools offering 87 undergraduate degrees and 55 graduate degrees. In his 2001 book The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities, author Howard Greene labeled UCSB a \"Public Ivy\".UC Santa Barbara is a research university with 10 national research centers, including the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Center for Control, Dynamical-Systems and Computation. Current UCSB faculty includes six Nobel Prize laureates, one Fields Medalist, 39 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 27 members of the National Academy of Engineering, and 34 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. UCSB was the No. 3 host on the ARPAnet and was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1995. The faculty also includes two Academy and Emmy Award winners, and recipients of a Millennium Technology Prize, an IEEE Medal of Honor, a National Medal of Technology and Innovation and a Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics.\nThe UC Santa Barbara Gauchos compete in the Big West Conference of the NCAA Division I. The Gauchos have won NCAA national championships in men's soccer and men's water polo.", "Q441713": "Catherine Scorsese (n\u00e9e Cappa; April 16, 1912 \u2013 January 6, 1997) was an American actress. She began acting when her son Martin Scorsese cast her in his film It's Not Just You, Murray!. Scorsese was of Italian descent and frequently played the role of an Italian mother. She is perhaps most well known for her appearance in her son's film Goodfellas, as Mrs. DeVito, Tommy's mother. She published a recipe book, Italianamerican: The Scorsese Family Cookbook.", "Q128220": "The Jezabels are an Australian indie rock band formed in Sydney in 2007. They consist of Hayley Mary (born Hayley Frances McGlone) on lead vocals, Heather Shannon on piano and keyboard, Nik Kaloper on drums and percussion and Samuel Lockwood on lead guitar. They have described their genre as \"intensindie\" but later said that this was just a joke that they put up on a social networking site, though people took them seriously.\nFrom 2009 to 2010 the group issued a trilogy of extended play (EP) recordings, The Man Is Dead, She's So Hard and Dark Storm\u2014all produced and engineered by Lachlan Mitchell. Two of their releases have reached the ARIA Singles Chart Top 40: the Dark Storm EP (October 2010) and their single \"Endless Summer\" (August 2011).\nThey released their debut studio album, Prisoner on 16 September 2011. It peaked at No. 2 on the ARIA Albums Chart and won Best Independent Release at the ARIA Music Awards of 2012. Their second album The Brink was released on 31 January 2014. Synthia, their third album, came out on 12 February 2016.", "Q357458": "Elgin Gay Baylor (born September 16, 1934) is an American former basketball player, coach, and executive. He played 14 seasons as a small forward in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers, appearing in eight NBA Finals. Baylor was a gifted shooter, strong rebounder, and an accomplished passer. Renowned for his acrobatic maneuvers on the court, Baylor regularly dazzled Lakers fans with his trademark hanging jump shots. The No. 1 draft pick in 1958, NBA Rookie of the Year in 1959, 11-time NBA All-Star, and a 10-time member of the All-NBA first team, he is regarded as one of the game's all-time greatest players. In 1977, Baylor was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.Baylor spent 22 years as general manager of the Los Angeles Clippers. He won the NBA Executive of the Year Award in 2006 before being relieved of his duties shortly before the 2008\u201309 season began.His popularity led to appearances on the television series Rowan and Martin's Laugh In in 1968, the Jackson Five's first TV special in 1971 and a Buck Rogers in the 25th Century episode, \"Olympiad\".", "Q275835": "Judith Lynn McConnell (born April 6, 1944) is an American actress, best known for her role as Sophia Wayne Capwell on the TV series Santa Barbara, on which she appeared from 1984 to 1993.", "Q212676": "Symon Vasylyovych Petliura\n(Ukrainian: \u0421\u0438\u0301\u043c\u043e\u043d \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u043b\u044e\u0301\u0440\u0430; May 10, 1879 \u2013 May 25, 1926) was a Ukrainian politician and journalist. He became the Supreme Commander of the Ukrainian Army and the President of the Ukrainian People's Republic during Ukraine's short-lived sovereignty in 1918\u20131921, leading Ukraine's struggle for independence following the fall of the Russian Empire in 1917.", "Q1261489": "Wolfgang Weber (born 22 December 1939) is a German cellist.", "Q1077247": "Gordon Claude \"Chris\" Griffin (October 31, 1915 \u2013 June 18, 2005) was an American jazz trumpeter.\nGriffin was born in Binghamton, New York but moved to White Plains when he was ten; he began playing trumpet at age twelve, and played in dance bands as a teenager. He worked with Charlie Barnet, Rudy Vallee, Miff Mole, Mildred Bailey, Teddy Wilson, and Joe Haymes in the mid-1930s, and did work as a studio musician for CBS radio broadcasting. In 1936 he joined Benny Goodman's big band, remaining with him until 1939. He appeared in several movies as a member of Goodman's ensemble, such as The Big Broadcast of 1937 and Hollywood Hotel, and was the last surviving member of Goodman's band to perform in the first major jazz event at Carnegie Hall which was recorded and later released as The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert. In 1940 he played with Jimmy Dorsey and occasionally returned to Goodman's band in the 1940s and 1950s, but primarily worked on staff at CBS from the late 1930s onward. He played trumpet for radio television soundtracks into the 1980s, including for The Ed Sullivan Show, The Jackie Gleason Show, Lucky Strike Hit Parade, The Philip Morris Playhouse, and Camel Caravan.\nGriffin and Pee Wee Erwin co-founded a trumpet education school which operated from 1966 to 1970, and toured with Warren Covington in Europe in 1974. He worked with Tex Beneke, Bud Freeman, and Warren Vach\u00e9 Sr. later in his career. In the 1980s he led an ensemble of his own which included sidemen such as Marty Napoleon, Sonny Igoe, Jane Jarvis, and Major Holley.Griffin was married to vocalist Helen O'Brien for 60 years until her death in 2000. The couple had four sons, one of whom also died in 2000, and two daughters. He died aged 89 in 2005 of melanoma.", "Q168604": "Jacob Tyson (October 8, 1773 \u2013 July 16, 1848) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.", "Q299645": "Pepin or Pippin (or Pepin Carloman, Pepinno, April 773 \u2013 8 July 810), born Carloman, was the son of Charlemagne and King of the Lombards (781\u2013810) under the authority of his father.\nPepin was the second son of Charlemagne by his then-wife Hildegard. He was born Carloman, but was rechristened with the royal name Pepin (also the name of his older half-brother Pepin the Hunchback, and his grandfather Pepin the Short) when he was a young child. He was made \"king of Italy\" after his father's conquest of the Lombards, in 781, and crowned by Pope Hadrian I with the Iron Crown of Lombardy.\nHe was active as ruler of Lombardy and worked to expand the Frankish empire. In 791, he marched a Lombard army into the Drava valley and ravaged Pannonia, while his father marched along the Danube into Avar territory. Charlemagne left the campaigning to deal with a Saxon revolt in 792. Pepin and Duke Eric of Friuli continued, however, to assault the Avars' ring-shaped strongholds. The great Ring of the Avars, their capital fortress, was taken twice. The booty was sent to Charlemagne in Aachen and redistributed to all his followers and even to foreign rulers, including King Offa of Mercia. A celebratory poem, De Pippini regis Victoria Avarica, was composed after Pepin forced the Avar khagan to submit in 796. This poem was composed at Verona, Pepin's capital after 799 and the centre of Carolingian Renaissance literature in Italy. The Versus de Verona (c. 800), an urban encomium of the city, likewise praises king Pepin. The \"Codex Gothanus\" History of the Lombards hails Pepin's campaign against Benevento and his liberation of Corsica \"from the oppression of the Moors.\"His activities included a long, but unsuccessful siege of Venice in 810. The siege lasted six months and Pepin's army was ravaged by the diseases of the local swamps and was forced to withdraw. A few months later Pepin died, on 8 July 810.", "Q482980": "An author is the creator or originator of any written work such as a book or play, and is also considered a writer. More broadly defined, an author is \"the person who originated or gave existence to anything\" and whose authorship determines responsibility for what was created.", "Q89400": "Spiridon Gop\u010devi\u0107 (junior), nom de plume Leo Brenner (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0421\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043d \u0413\u043e\u043f\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u045b; 9 July 1855 \u2013 1928) was a Serbian-Austrian astronomer and historian born in Trieste.", "Q1056289": "An \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts (French pronunciation: \u200b[ek\u0254l de boza\u0281], School of Fine Arts) is one of a number of influential art schools in France. It is the cradle of Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and the United States during the end of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century. The most famous is the \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des Beaux-Arts, now located on the left bank in Paris, across the Seine from the Louvre, at 14 rue Bonaparte (in the 6th arrondissement). The school has a history spanning more than 350 years, training many of the great artists in Europe. Beaux Arts style was modeled on classical \"antiquities\", preserving these idealized forms and passing the style on to future generations.", "Q610296": "Michelle Jenner Husson (born 14 September 1986) is a Spanish cinema and television actress. She has starred in several films.", "Q214207": "William Steinway, also known as Wilhelm Steinway (born Wilhelm Steinweg; March 5, 1835 \u2013 November 30, 1896), son of Steinway & Sons founder Henry E. Steinway, was a businessman and civic leader who was influential in the development of Astoria, New York City.\n\n", "Q99613": "Ernst Dieter Dickmanns is a German pioneer of dynamic computer vision and of driverless cars. Dickmanns has been a professor at Bundeswehr University Munich (1975\u20132001), and visiting professor to Caltech and to MIT, teaching courses on \"dynamic vision\".\n\n", "Q457171": "James Herbert \"Herbie\" Brennan (born Ireland, 5 July 1940) is a lecturer and the author of over 100 fiction and non-fiction books for adults, teens, and children.", "Q9333": "Laozi (UK: ; US: ; Chinese: \u8001\u5b50 Mandarin pronunciation: [l\u00e0u\u032f.ts\u0268]; literally \"Old Master\"), also rendered as Lao Tzu ( or ) and Lao-Tze (), was an ancient Chinese philosopher and writer. He is the reputed author of the Tao Te Ching, the founder of philosophical Taoism, and a deity in religious Taoism and traditional Chinese religions.\nA semi-legendary figure, Laozi was usually portrayed as a 6th-century BC contemporary of Confucius, but some modern historians consider him to have lived during the Warring States period of the 4th century BC. A central figure in Chinese culture, Laozi is claimed by both the emperors of the Tang dynasty and modern people of the Li surname as a founder of their lineage. Laozi's work has been embraced by both various anti-authoritarian movements and Chinese Legalism.", "Q2908965": "Rafael Halperin (1924 \u2013 20 August 2011) was an Israeli businessman, Orthodox rabbi, bodybuilder and professional wrestler who won the world championship in free wrestling.\n\n", "Q125704": "John Edward Tomlinson, Baron Tomlinson (born 1 August 1939), is a British Labour Co-operative politician. He is currently a life peer in the House of Lords, and was previously a Member of Parliament from 1974 to 1979, and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1984 to 1999.\n\n", "Q104912": "Fritz G\u00e4bler (1897-1974) was a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and communist from East Germany. G\u00e4bler was chairman of the SED Central Revision Commission. In 1987 he was commemorated by having a stamp designed with his face on it, in East Germany.", "Q488513": "Anklam [German pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u014bklam] (listen)], formerly known as Tanglim and Wendenburg, is a town in the Western Pomerania region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the banks of the Peene river, just 8 km from its mouth in the Kleines Haff, the western part of the Stettin Lagoon. Anklam has a population of 14,603 (2005) and was the capital of the former Ostvorpommern district. Since September 2011, it has been part of the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald.", "Q49142": "Brookline is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, in the United States, and is a part of Greater Boston. Brookline borders six of Boston's neighborhoods: Brighton, Allston, Fenway\u2013Kenmore, Mission Hill, Jamaica Plain, and West Roxbury. The city of Newton lies to the west of Brookline.\nAt the 2010 census, the population of the town was 58,732. It is the most populous municipality in Massachusetts to have a town (rather than city) form of government.\nBrookline was first settled in 1638 as a hamlet in Boston; it was incorporated as a separate town in 1705.\nBrookline was the birthplace and hometown of John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States.", "Q847099": "The Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music (Hungarian: Liszt Ferenc Zenem\u0171v\u00e9szeti Egyetem, often abbreviated as Zeneakad\u00e9mia, \"Liszt Academy\") is a music university and a concert hall in Budapest, Hungary, founded on November 14, 1875. It is home to the Liszt Collection, which features several valuable books and manuscripts donated by Franz Liszt upon his death, and the AVISO studio, a collaboration between the governments of Hungary and Japan to provide sound recording equipment and training for students. The Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music was founded by Franz Liszt himself (though named after its founder only in 1925, approx. 50 years after it was relocated to its current location at the heart of Budapest).", "Q188096": "Penang is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Malacca Strait. It has two parts: Penang Island, where the capital city, George Town, is located, and Seberang Perai on the Malay Peninsula. They are connected by Malaysia's two longest road bridges, the Penang Bridge and the Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge; the latter is also as of May 2019 the longest oversea bridge in Southeast Asia. The second smallest Malaysian state by land mass, Penang is bordered by Kedah to the north and the east, and Perak to the south.Penang's population stood at nearly 1.767 million as of 2018, while its population density rose to 1,684/km2 (4,360/sq mi). It has among the nation's highest population densities and is one of the country's most urbanised states. Seberang Perai is Malaysia's second largest city by population. Its heterogeneous population is highly diverse in ethnicity, culture, language and religion. Aside from the three main races, the Malays, Chinese, and Indians, Penang is home to significant Eurasian, Siamese and expatriate communities. George Town is also home to a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A resident of Penang is colloquially known as a Penangite or Penang L\u00e2ng (in Penang Hokkien).Penang's modern history began in 1786, upon the establishment of George Town by Francis Light. Penang formed part of the Straits Settlements in 1826, which became a British crown colony in 1867. Direct British rule was only briefly interrupted during World War II, when Japan occupied Penang; the British retook Penang in 1945. Penang was later merged with the Federation of Malaya (now Malaysia), which gained independence from the British in 1957. Following the decline of its entrep\u00f4t trade towards the 1970s, Penang's economy was reoriented towards hi-tech manufacturing.Known as the Silicon Valley of the East for its industries, Penang is one of Malaysia's most vital economic powerhouses. Penang has the highest Gross Domestic Product per capita among all Malaysian states and is considered a high-income economy. In addition, Penang recorded the nation's third highest Human Development Index, after Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Correspondingly, the state has a relatively well-educated population, with a youth literacy rate of 99.5% as of 2014.", "Q1357891": "Middlebury College is a private liberal arts college in Middlebury, Vermont. It was founded in 1800 by Congregationalists. The college currently enrolls 2,526 undergraduates from all 50 states and 74 countries and offers 44 majors in the arts, humanities, literature, foreign languages, social sciences, and natural sciences.\nThe college is the first American institution of higher education to have granted a bachelor's degree to an African-American, graduating Alexander Twilight in the class of 1823. Middlebury was also one of the first formerly all-male liberal arts colleges in New England to become a coeducational institution, following the trustees' decision in 1883 to accept women. In 1886, May Belle Chellis was the first woman to graduate, and she was the valedictorian (although she was not allowed to address the graduating class because she was a woman). Middlebury was listed as tied for the fifth-best liberal arts college in the U.S. in the 2019 U.S. News & World Report rankings.Middlebury's 31 varsity teams are known as the Middlebury Panthers and compete in the NCAA Division III's NESCAC conference. The school is known for its graduate programs that focus on literature, language, political science, and entrepreneurship.", "Q4051338": "This is a complete list of the 164 shorts in the Tom and Jerry series produced, directed, and released between 1940 and 2014. Of these, 162 are theatrical shorts, one is a made-for-TV short, and one is a 2-minute sketch shown as part of a telethon.", "Q163989": "Arch Enemy is a Swedish melodic death metal band, originally a supergroup, from Halmstad, formed in 1995. Its members were in bands such as Carcass, Armageddon, Carnage, Mercyful Fate, Spiritual Beggars, The Agonist, Nevermore, and Eucharist. It was founded by Carcass guitarist Michael Amott along with Johan Liiva, who were both originally from the death metal band Carnage. The band has released ten studio albums, three live albums, three video albums and four EPs. The band was originally fronted by Johan Liiva, who was replaced by German vocalist Angela Gossow in 2000. Gossow left the band in March 2014 to become the group's manager and was replaced by Canadian vocalist Alissa White-Gluz.", "Q2033155": "Komitas State Conservatory of Yerevan (Armenian: \u053f\u0578\u0574\u056b\u057f\u0561\u057d\u056b \u0561\u0576\u057e\u0561\u0576 \u0535\u0580\u0587\u0561\u0576\u056b \u054a\u0565\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0535\u0580\u0561\u056a\u0577\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u053f\u0578\u0576\u057d\u0565\u0580\u057e\u0561\u057f\u0578\u0580\u056b\u0561), is a state-owned college of music located in Yerevan, Armenia. At the beginning, the institute was founded in 1921 as a music studio. However, in 1923, it was turned into a higher musical education institution. It is named after the founder of the Armenian national school of music, Komitas (1869\u22121935).", "Q4617": "Corbin Bleu Reivers (; born February 21, 1989), known professionally as Corbin Bleu, is an American actor, model, dancer, film producer and singer-songwriter. He performed in the High School Musical film series (2006\u20132008). Songs from the films also charted worldwide, with the song \"I Don't Dance\" peaking inside the Top 70 of the Billboard Hot 100. During this time, he also starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie Jump In! (2007). His first lead role was in the film Catch That Kid (2004). He has since appeared in the Discovery Kids drama series Flight 29 Down (2005\u20132007), as well as the film To Write Love on Her Arms (2015). He competed in the 17th season of Dancing with the Stars, partnered with professional dancer Karina Smirnoff.He has also pursued a music career, and released his debut album Another Side on May 1, 2007, which included the single \"Push It to the Limit.\" The album debuted at number thirty-six on the U.S. Billboard 200, selling 18,000 copies in its first week. Bleu released his second album, Speed of Light, on March 10, 2009. He returned to television, starring in the short-lived Ashton Kutcher-produced CW series, The Beautiful Life: TBL (2009), and the movie Free Style (2009). He has appeared in the films The Little Engine That Could (2011), Scary or Die (2012), Nurse 3D (2013), Sugar (2013), The Monkey's Paw (2013), and Walk. Ride. Rodeo. (2019).\nIn 2010, Bleu played Usnavi in the Broadway company of In the Heights. In 2012, he returned to Broadway in the revival of Godspell. In 2013, he was cast as Jeffrey King in the short-lived online revival of the daytime soap One Life to Live. In 2016, Bleu played Ted Hanover in the Broadway company of Holiday Inn, The New Irving Berlin Musical. He subsequently signed a recording contract with Ghostlight Records, to distribute his Holiday Inn soundtrack music, released in 2017. In 2019, he returned to played Bill Calhoun/Lucentio in the Broadway company of Kiss Me, Kate. He returned to subsequently signed a recording contract with Ghostlight Records, to distribute his Kiss Me, Kate soundtrack music, released in June 7, 2019.", "Q7413874": "The San Fernando Mission Cemetery is a Roman Catholic cemetery located at 11160 Stranwood Avenue in the Mission Hills community of the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles. The property adjoins the San Fernando Mission and Bishop Alemany Catholic High School. \nThe San Fernando Mission Cemetery has been owned and operated by the Los Angeles Archdiocese since the founding of the Mission and first burials in 1797.\nMission Hills Catholic Mortuary is also located on the grounds of the cemetery. San Fernando Mission Cemetery is an active cemetery providing burials, entombments and cremation options to members of the Roman Catholic Faith and their families. Pets, picnicking,the consumption of alcohol and photography are all prohibited on the sacred cemetery grounds at all times.", "Q133600": "Banksy is an anonymous England-based street artist, vandal, political activist, and film director, active since the 1990s. His satirical street art and subversive epigrams combine dark humour with graffiti executed in a distinctive stenciling technique. His works of political and social commentary have been featured on streets, walls, and bridges of cities throughout the world. Banksy's work grew out of the Bristol underground scene, which involved collaborations between artists and musicians. Banksy says that he was inspired by 3D, a graffiti artist and founding member of the musical group Massive Attack.Banksy displays his art on publicly visible surfaces such as walls and self-built physical prop pieces. Banksy no longer sells photographs or reproductions of his street graffiti, but his public \"installations\" are regularly resold, often even by removing the wall they were painted on. A small number of Banksy's works are officially, non-publicly, sold through Pest Control. Banksy's documentary film Exit Through the Gift Shop (2010) made its debut at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival. In January 2011, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary for the film. In 2014, he was awarded Person of the Year at the 2014 Webby Awards.", "Q739610": "Kieran Kane (born October 7, 1949 in Queens, New York, United States) is an American country music artist, as well as the owner of Dead Reckoning Records, an independent record label. Between 1986 and 1990, he and Jamie O'Hara comprised The O'Kanes, a duo which charted seven singles on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles charts, including the Number One single \"Can't Stop My Heart from Loving You\". In addition, Kieran charted a string of solo singles on Asylum Records in 1982. After The O'Kanes disbanded in 1990, both O'Hara and Kane recorded solo albums of their own.", "Q94451": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Aric\u00f3 (Villa Mar\u00eda, C\u00f3rdoba Province, Argentina, 1931 \u2013 22 August 1991) was an Argentine intellectual.\nInfluenced by Antonio Gramsci, he developed a democratic Socialist thought.", "Q123413": "Titus Burckhardt (who also used Ibrahim Izz al-Din as his Islamic name), a German Swiss, was born in Florence, Italy in 1908 and died in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1984. He devoted all his life to the study and exposition of the different aspects of Wisdom tradition.\nHe was an eminent member of the \"Traditionalist School\" of twentieth-century authors. He was a frequent contributor to the journal Studies in Comparative Religion along with other prominent members of the school.", "Q259461": "Valerie Ritchie Perrine (born September 3, 1943) is a retired American actress and model. For her role as Honey Bruce in the 1974 film Lenny, she won the BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles, the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Her other film appearances include Superman (1978), The Electric Horseman (1979), and Superman II (1980).", "Q710282": "Harold Ray Ragsdale (born January 24, 1939), known professionally as Ray Stevens, is an American country and pop singer-songwriter and comedian, known for his Grammy-winning recordings \"Everything Is Beautiful\" and \"Misty\", as well as comedic hits such as \"Gitarzan\" and \"The Streak\". He has worked as a producer, music arranger, songwriter, television host, and solo artist; been inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, the Georgia Music Hall of Fame, and the Christian Music Hall of Fame; and received gold albums for his music sales.\nIn 2019, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.", "Q352246": "Louis Freese (born June 2, 1970), known by his stage name B-Real, is an American rapper and actor. He is one of two lead rappers in the hip hop group Cypress Hill, and was one of the frontmen of rap rock group Prophets of Rage (2016-2019).", "Q144488": "The University of Warsaw (Polish: Uniwersytet Warszawski, Latin: Universitas Varsoviensis), established in 1816, is the largest university in Poland. It employs over 6,000 staff including over 3,100 academic educators. It provides graduate courses for 53,000 students (on top of over 9,200 postgraduate and doctoral candidates). The University offers some 37 different fields of study, 18 faculties and over 100 specializations in Humanities, technical as well as Natural Sciences.It was founded as a Royal University on 19 November 1816, when the Partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential University of Krak\u00f3w. Alexander I granted permission for the establishment of five faculties \u2013 law and political science, medicine, philosophy, theology and the humanities. The university expanded rapidly, but was closed during November Uprising in 1830. It was reopened in 1857 as the Warsaw Academy of Medicine, which was now based in the nearby Staszic Palace with only medical and pharmaceutical faculties. All Polish-language campuses were closed in 1869 after the failed January Uprising, but the university managed to train 3,000 students, many of whom were important part of the Polish intelligentsia; meanwhile the Main Building was reopened for training military personnel. The university was resurrected during the First World War and the number of students reached 4,500 in 1918. After Poland's independence the new government focused on improving the university, and in the early 1930s it became the country's largest. New faculties were established and the curriculum was extended. Following the Second World War and the devastation of Warsaw, the University successfully reopened in 1945.\nToday, the University of Warsaw consists of 126 buildings and educational complexes with over 18 faculties: biology, chemistry, journalism and political science, philosophy and sociology, physics, geography and regional studies, geology, history, applied linguistics and Slavic philology, economics, philology, pedagogy, Polish language, law and public administration, psychology, applied social sciences, management and mathematics, computer science and mechanics.\nThe University of Warsaw is one of the top Polish universities. It was ranked by Perspektywy magazine as best Polish university in 2010, 2011, 2014 and 2016. International rankings such as ARWU and University Web Ranking rank the university as the best Polish higher level institution.\nOn the list of 100 best European universities compiled by University Web Ranking, the University of Warsaw was placed as 61st. QS World University Rankings previously positioned the University of Warsaw as the best higher level institution among the world's top 400.\n\n", "Q68832": "Erhard Krack (9 January 1931 \u2013 13 December 2000) was an East German politician and mayor of East Berlin from 1974 to 1990. \n\nBorn in Danzig, he was a member of the Socialist Unity Party (SED). He was also a deputy in the Volkskammer and a member of the Central Committee of the SED.", "Q82233": "Nikki Boyer (born July 22, 1975) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. Boyer is the former host of Yahoo!'s \"Daytime in No Time,\" receiving millions of hits per day. Boyer is also the former co-host of Watch This! on the TV Guide Channel.", "Q217068": "Charles-Valentin Alkan (French: [\u0283a\u0281l val\u0251\u0303t\u025b\u0303 alk\u0251\u0303]; 30 November 1813 \u2013 29 March 1888) was a French-Jewish composer and virtuoso pianist. At the height of his fame in the 1830s and 1840s he was, alongside his friends and colleagues Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin and Franz Liszt, among the leading pianists in Paris, a city in which he spent virtually his entire life.\nAlkan earned many awards at the Conservatoire de Paris, which he entered before he was six. His career in the salons and concert halls of Paris was marked by his occasional long withdrawals from public performance, for personal reasons. Although he had a wide circle of friends and acquaintances in the Parisian artistic world, including Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix and George Sand, from 1848 he began to adopt a reclusive life style, while continuing with his compositions \u2013 virtually all of which are for the keyboard. During this period he published, among other works, his collections of large-scale studies in all the major keys (Op. 35) and all the minor keys (Op. 39). The latter includes his Symphony for Solo Piano (Op. 39, nos. 4\u20137) and Concerto for Solo Piano (Op. 39, nos. 8\u201310), which are often considered among his masterpieces and are of great musical and technical complexity. Alkan emerged from self-imposed retirement in the 1870s to give a series of recitals that were attended by a new generation of French musicians.\nAlkan's attachment to his Jewish origins is displayed both in his life and his work. He was the first composer to incorporate Jewish melodies in art music. Fluent in Hebrew and Greek, he devoted much time to a complete new translation of the Bible into French. This work, like many of his musical compositions, is now lost. Alkan never married, but his presumed son \u00c9lie-Miriam Delaborde was, like Alkan, a virtuoso performer on both the piano and the pedal piano, and edited a number of the elder composer's works.\nFollowing his death (which according to persistent but unfounded legend was caused by a falling bookcase) Alkan's music became neglected, supported by only a few musicians including Ferruccio Busoni, Egon Petri and Kaikhosru Sorabji. From the late 1960s onwards, led by Raymond Lewenthal and Ronald Smith, many pianists have recorded his music and brought it back into the repertoire.", "Q200514": "Francis Phillip Wuppermann (June 1, 1890 \u2013 September 18, 1949), known professionally as Frank Morgan, was an American character actor on radio, stage and film. He was best known for his appearances in films starting in the silent era in 1916, and then numerous sound films throughout the 1930s and 1940s, mostly as a contract player at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with his most celebrated performance playing the title role in The Wizard of Oz (1939). He was also briefly billed early in his career as Frank Wupperman and Francis Morgan.", "Q766314": "Barbu \u015etef\u0103nescu Delavrancea ; pen name of Barbu \u0218tefan; April 11, 1858 in Bucharest \u2013 April 29, 1918 in Ia\u0219i) was a Romanian writer and poet, considered one of the greatest figures in the National awakening of Romania.\n\n", "Q443662": "Birthe Neumann (born April 30, 1947 in Vanl\u00f8se, Copenhagen) is a Danish actress.\nIn 1972 she graduated from the Danish National School of Theatre, and was shortly afterwards employed as an actress at the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen.\nAt the Royal Danish Theatre she has appeared in a number of productions, among them Marx and Coca Cola, Moli\u00e8re's The Learned Ladies, Henrik Hertz's Sparekassen (The Savings Bank), Jess \u00d8rnsbo's Majon\u00e6se (Mayonnaise), Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, and David Hare's A Breath of Life.\nHer film appearances include Hovedj\u00e6gerne (her first film role, in 1971; released internationally as The Headhunters), Lad isbj\u00f8rnene danse (1990, Dance of the Polar Bears), K\u00e6rlighedens Smerte (1992, Pain of Love), The Celebration (1998, Festen, the first Dogme 95 film), Elsker dig for evigt og (2002, Open Hearts, also a Dogme film) and Lykkevej (Move Me, 2003).\nShe has also appeared in Danish television series including Lars von Trier's Riget (The Kingdom), Forsvar (Defense), and as a repeated guest star on Kr\u00f8niken (Chronicles).\nShe has received both of Denmark's leading film awards: a Bodil for her performances in K\u00e6rlighedens smerte and Lykkevej, and a Robert for Lykkevej.\nIn 2013, she received the Lauritzen Award.Neumann is married to Danish actor Paul H\u00fcttel; they have one daughter.", "Q289330": "Erin Cardillo (born February 17, 1977) is an American actress, producer, and television writer.", "Q1551705": "Modern Records (Modern Music Records before 1947) was an American record company and label formed in 1945 in Los Angeles by the Bihari brothers. Modern was one of the big R&B labels with artists including Etta James, Joe Houston, Little Richard, Ike & Tina Turner and John Lee Hooker. The label released some of the most influential blues and R&B records of the 1940s and 1950s.", "Q9455": "Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (31 October 1875 \u2013 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was an Indian barrister, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a founding father of the Republic of India who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning \"chief\" in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian. He acted as Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.Patel was born in Nadiad and raised in the countryside of the state of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. He subsequently organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement.\nAs the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, Patel organised relief efforts for refugees fleeing to Punjab and Delhi from Pakistan and worked to restore peace. He led the task of forging a united India, successfully integrating into the newly independent nation those British colonial provinces that had been \"allocated\" to India.\nBesides those provinces that had been under direct British rule, approximately 565 self-governing princely states had been released from British suzerainty by the Indian Independence Act of 1947. Patel persuaded almost every princely state to accede to India. His commitment to national integration in the newly independent country was total and uncompromising, earning him the sobriquet \"Iron Man of India\". He is also remembered as the \"patron saint of India's civil servants\" for having established the modern all-India services system. He is also called the \"Unifier of India\". The Statue of Unity, the world's tallest statue, was dedicated to him on 31 October 2018 which is approximately 182 metres (597 ft) in height.", "Q370959": "Kira Katherine Reed (born October 13, 1971), also known as Kira Reed Lorsch, is an American actress and television host, writer and producer.", "Q14537": "William Thomas Hader Jr. (born June 7, 1978) is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, and director. He rose to fame as a cast member on the NBC variety series Saturday Night Live (2005\u20132013) for which he received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations and a Peabody Award.\nHader has had supporting roles in the films Superbad (2007), Tropic Thunder (2008), Forgetting Sarah Marshall (2008), Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian (2009), Paul (2011), Men in Black 3 (2012) and leading roles in The Skeleton Twins (2014), Trainwreck (2015) and It Chapter Two (2019) as an adult Richie Tozier. He has voiced lead characters in the Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs franchise (2009\u20132014), Inside Out (2015), the Angry Birds films (2016, 2019), Sausage Party (2016), Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018) and supporting roles in Turbo (2013), Monsters University (2013) and Finding Dory (2016).\nDuring his time on Saturday Night Live, Hader became known for his impressions and his character Stefon in the Weekend Update segments. He is the co-creator, writer, and producer of the IFC mockumentary comedy series Documentary Now! (2015\u2013present), in which he stars alongside Fred Armisen. In 2018, Hader created and began starring as the titular assassin in the HBO dark comedy series Barry, which earned him two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series and consecutive nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series for its first two seasons.", "Q1009": "Cameroon ( (listen); French: Cameroun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (French: R\u00e9publique du Cameroun), is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. Although Cameroon is not an ECOWAS member state, it is geographically and historically in West Africa with the Southern Cameroons which now form her Nord-Ouest and Sud-Ouest Regions having a strong West African history. However, since 2017, elements within the Sud-Ouest and Nord-Ouest regions have since declared an independent (yet internationally unrecognized) state called Ambazonia. The country is sometimes identified as West African and other times as Central African due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West and Central Africa. Cameroon is home to over 250 native languages spoken by nearly 20 million people. The official languages of the country are French and English.\nEarly inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad and the Baka hunter-gatherers in the southeastern rainforest. Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camar\u00f5es (Shrimp River), which became Cameroon in English. Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century, and various ethnic groups of the west and northwest established powerful chiefdoms and fondoms. Cameroon became a German colony in 1884 known as Kamerun.\nAfter World War I, the territory was divided between France and the United Kingdom as League of Nations mandates. The Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC) political party advocated independence, but was outlawed by France in the 1950s, leading to the Bamileke War fought between French and UPC militant forces until early 1971. In 1960, the French-administered part of Cameroon became independent as the Republic of Cameroun under President Ahmadou Ahidjo. The southern part of British Cameroons federated with it in 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. The federation was abandoned in 1972. The country was renamed the United Republic of Cameroon in 1972 and the Republic of Cameroon in 1984. Large numbers of Cameroonians live as subsistence farmers. Paul Biya, the incumbent President, has led the country since 1982; he had previously held office as prime minister, from 1975 until his elevation to the presidency. The country has experienced tensions coming from the English-speaking territories. Politicians in the English-speaking regions have advocated for greater decentralisation and even complete separation or independence (as in the Southern Cameroons National Council) from Cameroon. In 2017, tensions regarding the creation of an Ambazonian state in the English-speaking territories escalated into open warfare.\nThe official languages of Cameroon are French and English. The languages of former colonial French Cameroons and British Cameroons and its religious population consists of 70% Christians and 20% Muslims. It is governed as a Unitary presidential republic and has good relations with the major powers of France, the United Kingdom and China.\nThe country is often referred to as \"Africa in miniature\" for its geological and cultural diversity. Natural features include beaches, deserts, mountains, rainforests, and savannas. The highest point at almost 4,100 metres (13,500 ft) is Mount Cameroon in the Southwest Region of the country, and the largest cities in population-terms are Douala on the Wouri River, its economic capital and main seaport, Yaound\u00e9, its political capital, and Garoua. The country is well known for its native styles of music, particularly Makossa and Bikutsi, and for its successful national football team. Cameroon is a member state of the African Union, the United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.", "Q318429": "Malcolm Timothy Gladwell (born September 3, 1963) is a Canadian journalist, author, and public speaker. He has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 1996. He has published six books: The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference (2000); Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking (2005); Outliers: The Story of Success (2008); What the Dog Saw: And Other Adventures (2009), a collection of his journalism; David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants (2013); and Talking To Strangers: What We Should Know about the People We Don't Know (2019). His first five books were on The New York Times Best Seller list. His sixth book, Talking to Strangers, was released in September 2019. He is also the host of the podcast Revisionist History and co-founder of the podcast company Pushkin Industries.\nGladwell's books and articles often deal with the unexpected implications of research in the social sciences and make frequent and extended use of academic work, particularly in the areas of sociology, psychology, and social psychology. Gladwell was appointed to the Order of Canada on June 30, 2011.", "Q63967": "Matthias Habich (born 12 January 1940) is a German actor who has appeared in more than 110 film and television productions since 1965.\nHabich was born in Danzig (present-day Gda\u0144sk, Poland) and lives in Paris. In the 2001 film Enemy at the Gates about Stalingrad, he played the part of General (later Field Marshal) Friedrich Paulus. In the 2004 film Downfall, he portrayed Werner Haase.", "Q1932603": "Miguel Mario D\u00edaz-Canel Berm\u00fadez (Spanish pronunciation: [mi\u02c8\u0263el \u02c8di.as ka\u02c8nel]; born 20 April 1960) is a Cuban politician serving as the President of Cuba since 10 October 2019. He was previously President of the Council of State of Cuba from 2018 to 2019 and First Vice President from 2013 to 2018. He has been a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Cuba since 2003, and he served as Minister of Higher Education from 2009 to 2012; he was promoted to the post of Vice President of the Council of Ministers (deputy Prime Minister) in 2012. A year later, on 24 February 2013, he was elected as First Vice President of the Council of State.He was selected to succeed Ra\u00fal Castro as the candidate for President of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers on 18 April 2018 and was sworn into office the following day after nationwide polling. His two predecessors in the role were brothers, by blood, and notably his succession from Ra\u00fal Castro represents a clearly non-dynastic form of succession for the Communist Party as well as the Republic of Cuba. D\u00edaz-Canel is therefore the first president to not be a Castro family member since Osvaldo Dortic\u00f3s in 1976 and the first leader of the government who is not a Castro since Jos\u00e9 Mir\u00f3 Cardona in 1959. Miguel D\u00edaz-Canel is likely to succeed Ra\u00fal Castro as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, the most powerful position of Cuba, in 2021.", "Q319737": "Ian Andrew Robert Stewart (18 July 1938 \u2013 12 December 1985) was a Scottish keyboardist and co-founder of the Rolling Stones. He was removed from the line-up in May 1963 at the request of manager Andrew Loog Oldham who felt he did not fit the band's image. He remained as road manager and pianist for decades and was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with the rest of the band in 1989.", "Q274295": "Kalina J\u0119drusik (5 February 1930 in Cz\u0119stochowa \u2013 7 August 1991 in Warsaw) was a Polish singer and actress. She performed in more than thirty films from 1953 to 1991. J\u0119drusik was married to writer Stanis\u0142aw Dygat.", "Q979163": "Carwyn Rees James (2 November 1929 \u2013 10 January 1983) was a Welsh rugby union player and coach. He won two Welsh international caps but is most famous for his coaching achievements with Llanelli, the 1971 British Lions and the Barbarians, with all of whom he beat the All Blacks.", "Q243439": "Full Metal Jacket is a 1987 war film directed, co-written, and produced by Stanley Kubrick and starring Matthew Modine, R. Lee Ermey, Vincent D'Onofrio and Adam Baldwin. The screenplay by Kubrick, Michael Herr, and Gustav Hasford was based on Hasford's novel The Short-Timers (1979). The storyline follows a platoon of U.S. Marines through their boot camp training in Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, South Carolina, primarily focusing on two privates, Joker and Pyle, who struggle under their abusive drill instructor, Gunnery Sergeant Hartman, and the experiences of two of the platoon's Marines in Vietnamese cities of Da Nang and Hu\u1ebf during the Tet Offensive of the Vietnam War. The film's title refers to the full metal jacket bullet used by military servicemen. The film was released in the United States on June 26, 1987.\nFull Metal Jacket received critical acclaim and an Oscar nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay for Kubrick, Herr, and Hasford. In 2001, the American Film Institute placed it at No. 95 in their \"AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills\" poll.\n\n", "Q503534": "Frank Parks Briggs (February 25, 1894 \u2013 September 23, 1992) was a United States Senator from Missouri, and succeeded Harry S. Truman when Truman was elected vice president.", "Q80424": "Nelly Kim Furtado (, Portuguese: [fu\u027e\u02c8ta\u00f0u]; born December 2, 1978) is a Portuguese-Canadian singer and songwriter. Furtado first gained fame with her debut album, Whoa, Nelly! (2000), which was a critical and commercial success that spawned two top 10 singles on the Billboard Hot 100, \"I'm Like a Bird\" and \"Turn Off the Light\". The first of the two singles won her a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. In 2003, she released her second album, Folklore, which was preceded by the lead single, \"Powerless (Say What You Want)\".\nFurtado's third album, Loose (2006), became her best selling album with 12 million copies sold worldwide. The album spawned four successful number one singles; \"Promiscuous\", \"Maneater\", \"Say It Right\", and \"All Good Things (Come to an End)\". She released her first Spanish language album, Mi Plan, in 2009, which won her a Latin Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Album. In 2012, Furtado released her fifth album, The Spirit Indestructible. In 2017, Furtado released her sixth album, titled The Ride.\nFurtado has sold over 40 million records worldwide, making her one of the most successful Canadian artists. She has won several awards throughout her career, including one Grammy Award from seven nominations, one Latin Grammy Award, ten Juno Awards, one BRIT Award, one Billboard Music Award, one MTV Europe Music Award, one World Music Award, and three Much Music Video Awards. Furtado has a star on Canada's Walk of Fame and was awarded Commander of the Order of Prince Henry on February 28, 2014, in Toronto by An\u00edbal Cavaco Silva, the former President of Portugal.", "Q12146": "The canton of Basel-Landschaft (German: Kanton Basel-Landschaft , pronounced [\u02c8k\u0251nton \u02ccba\u02d0zl\u0329\u02c8lant\u0283aft]; English: canton of Basel-Country; French: canton de B\u00e2le-Campagne, pronounced [k\u0251\u0303t\u0254\u0303 d\u0259 b\u0251l k\u0251\u0303pa\u0272]; Italian: Cantone di Basilea Campagna, pronounced [kan\u02c8tone di ba\u02c8zile\u02c8a kam\u02c8pa\u0272\u0272a]; informally: Baselland, Baselbiet), is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland. The capital is Liestal. It shares borders with the Swiss cantons of Basel-Stadt, Solothurn, Jura and Aargau, and with the French r\u00e9gion of Grand Est and the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.", "Q264086": "Adriano Galliani (born 30 July 1944) is an Italian entrepreneur and football executive,\nformer vice-chairman and CEO of A.C. Milan from 1986 to 2017, a period in the club's history known as the \"Silvio Berlusconi era\". During his tenure, Milan won five UEFA Champions League and eight Serie A titles among other achievements.\nIn 2011, he was inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame.In April 2016, Galliani was one of the prominent Italian individuals to be named in the Panama Papers leak.In 2018, Galliani became a chairman of Monza, a football club from his native town owned by Silvio Berlusconi. In January 2019, he made headlines for completing a total of 30 transfers in just one month.", "Q192964": "Istanbul University (Turkish: \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi) is a prominent Turkish university located in Istanbul.\nThe main campus is adjacent to Beyaz\u0131t Square in Fatih, the capital district of the province, on the European side of the city.\nSome pre-1923/1930 western sources refer to it as the University of Constantinople, after the previous name of the city.Istanbul University is associated with 2 Nobel laureates, Aziz Sancar (in Chemistry) and Orhan Pamuk (in Literature).", "Q9441": "The Buddha (also known as Siddhattha Gotama or Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama) was a philosopher, mendicant, meditator, spiritual teacher, and religious leader who lived in ancient India (c. 5th to 4th century BCE). He is revered as the founder of the world religion of Buddhism. He taught for around 45 years and built a large following, both monastic and lay. His teaching is based on his insight into du\u1e25kha (typically translated as \"suffering\") and the end of dukkha \u2013 the state called Nibb\u0101na or Nirvana.\nThe Buddha was born into an aristocratic family, in the Shakya clan but eventually renounced lay life. According to Buddhist tradition, after several years of mendicancy, meditation, and asceticism, he awakened to understand the mechanism which keeps people trapped in the cycle of rebirth. The Buddha then traveled throughout the Ganges plain teaching and building a religious community. The Buddha taught a middle way between sensual indulgence and the severe asceticism found in the Indian \u015brama\u1e47a movement. He taught a spiritual path that included ethical training and meditative practices such as jhana and mindfulness. The Buddha also critiqued the practices of brahmin priests, such as animal sacrifice.\nA couple of centuries after his death he came to be known by the title Buddha, which means \u201cAwakened One\u201d or the \"Enlightened One\". Gautama's teachings were compiled by the Buddhist community in the Suttas, which contain his discourses, and the Vinaya, his codes for monastic practice. These were passed down in Middle-Indo Aryan dialects through an oral tradition. Later generations composed additional texts, such as systematic treatises known as Abhidharma, biographies of the Buddha, collections of stories about the Buddha's past lives known as Jataka tales, and additional discourses, i.e, the Mahayana sutras.", "Q336918": "Ab\u00edlio Manuel Guerra Junqueiro (17 September 1850 \u2013 7 July 1923) was a Portuguese top civil servant, member of the Portuguese House of Representatives, journalist, author, and poet. His work helped inspire the creation of the Portuguese First Republic. Junqueiro wrote highly satiric poems criticizing conservatism, romanticism, and the Church leading up to the Portuguese Revolution of 1910. He was one of Europe's greatest poets. Junqueiro studied law at the University of Coimbra.", "Q1508664": "George Younger, 1st Viscount Younger of Leckie (13 October 1851 \u2013 29 April 1929) was a British politician.", "Q929740": "Lech J\u0119czmyk (born January 10, 1936) is a Polish publicist, essayist, writer and translator. Critic of science-fiction, chief editor of Nowa Fantastyka from 1990\u20131992, editor of several science-fiction series and anthologies.\nHis essays were collected in:\n\nEseje (2005)\nTrzy ko\u0144ce historii czyli Nowe \u015aredniowiecze (2006)\n\n", "Q448723": "Thrill Jockey is an American independent record label established in 1992 in New York City by former Atlantic Records A&R representative Bettina Richards.", "Q89372": "Christian Broda (born 12 March 1916 in Vienna, died 1 February 1987 in Vienna) was an Austrian lawyer and politician of the Social Democratic Party of Austria. He served as Minister of Justice of Austria from 1960 to 1966 in the third cabinet of Julius Raab, and again as Minister of Justice in the cabinet of Bruno Kreisky from 1970 to 1983. He was awarded the European Human Rights Prize of the Council of Europe in 1986.", "Q597433": "Peter Halsten Thorkelson (February 13, 1942 \u2013 February 21, 2019), known professionally as Peter Tork, was an American musician, composer and actor, best known as the keyboardist and bass guitarist of The Monkees.\nHe grew up in Connecticut and in the mid-1960s was part of the Greenwich Village folk scene, and as an accomplished musician, befriended Stephen Stills. After moving to Los Angeles with Stills, he was recruited for the musical television sitcom The Monkees, and became a teenage idol between 1966-68. Tork recorded his debut solo album Stranger Things Have Happened in 1994, and later toured with his blues band Shoe Suede Blues.", "Q401445": "Ahmed Rami (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u200e; born 12 December 1946) is a Moroccan-Swedish writer, political activist, coup d'etat leader, military officer, political scientist, and Holocaust denier. He gained attention as the founder of the radio station Radio Islam, which now functions as a website.", "Q53668": "Lovex is a rock band from Tampere, Finland.", "Q118491": "Hugo Launicke (2 February 1909 \u2013 6 June 1975) was a German resistance fighter against the Nazi r\u00e9gime and later a Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) politician in East Germany.", "Q451272": "Get Low is a 2010 drama film about a Tennessee hermit in the 1930s who throws his own funeral party while still alive. It was directed by Aaron Schneider, written by Chris Provenzano and C. Gaby Mitchell, and starring Robert Duvall, Bill Murray, Sissy Spacek, Lucas Black, Gerald McRaney, Bill Cobbs, Arin Logan, Lori Beth Edgeman, Andrea Powell, Rebecca Grant, Scott Cooper and Chandler Riggs. The motion picture was filmed entirely on location in Georgia, and support for the production was provided by the Georgia Department of Economic Development.The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival and is distributed by Sony Pictures Classics. For his performance, Robert Duvall was awarded the Hollywood Film Festival Award for Best Actor in October 2010. The film was released on July 30, 2010, in the United States. It received positive reviews from critics, and earned the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature for Schneider.", "Q90623": "Thomas Barei\u00df (born 15 February 1975) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the German Bundestag since 2005.\n\n", "Q712481": "Tongli Publishing Co. (Chinese: \u6771\u7acb\u51fa\u7248\u793e, Hanyu Pinyin: D\u014dng L\u00ec Ch\u016bb\u01censh\u00e8), most known as Tong Li Comics, is a publishing company which distributes a variety of domestic and imported comics in Taiwan.", "Q319723": "Frederick Bean \"Tex\" Avery (February 26, 1908 \u2013 August 26, 1980) was an American animator and director, known for producing and directing animated cartoons during the golden age of American animation. His most significant work was for the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios, where he was crucial in the creation and evolution of famous animated characters such as Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Elmer Fudd, Droopy, Screwy Squirrel, George and Junior, and Chilly Willy.\n\nGary Morris described Avery's innovative approach:Above all, [Avery] steered the Warner Bros. house style away from Disney-esque sentimentality and made cartoons that appealed equally to adults, who appreciated Avery's speed, sarcasm, and irony, and to kids, who liked the nonstop action. Disney's \"cute and cuddly\" creatures, under Avery's guidance, were transformed into unflappable wits like Bugs Bunny, endearing buffoons like Porky Pig, or dazzling crazies like Daffy Duck. Even the classic fairy tale, a market that Disney had cornered, was appropriated by Avery, who made innocent heroines like Red Riding Hood into sexy jazz babes, more than a match for any Wolf. Avery also endeared himself to intellectuals by constantly breaking through the artifice of the cartoon, having characters leap out of the end credits, loudly object to the plot of the cartoon they were starring in, or speak directly to the audience.\nAvery's style of directing encouraged animators to stretch the boundaries of the medium to do things in a cartoon that could not be done in the world of a live-action film. An often-quoted line about Avery's cartoons was, \"In a cartoon, you can do anything.\" He also performed a great deal of voice work in his cartoons, usually throwaway bits. Avery also voiced Junior from George and Junior, as well as occasionally filling in for Bill Thompson as Droopy.", "Q351983": "Faraj Sarkohi (Persian: \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0647\u06cc\u200e, born 3 November 1947, in Shiraz) is an Iranian literary critic and journalist. He was cofounder and editor in chief of the Iranian magazine Adineh.", "Q685931": "This is a list of fountains in Bern. The city of Bern, Switzerland, is known for its 16th century fountains, attributed to Hans Gieng.For a description of the 16th century fountains, see the Old City of Bern.", "Q12152": "A myocardial infarction (MI), also known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck or jaw. Often it occurs in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms. Women more often present without chest pain and instead have neck pain, arm pain or feel tired. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque is usually the underlying mechanism of an MI. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests and coronary angiography. An ECG, which is a recording of the heart's electrical activity, may confirm an ST elevation MI (STEMI), if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Treatment of an MI is time-critical. Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen is recommended in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In a STEMI, treatments attempt to restore blood flow to the heart and include percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), where the arteries are pushed open and may be stented, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use of PCI in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long-term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, about 15.9 million myocardial infarctions occurred in 2015. More than 3 million people had an ST elevation MI, and more than 4 million had an NSTEMI. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world, the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010. In 2011, a MI was one of the top five most expensive conditions during inpatient hospitalizations in the US, with a cost of about $11.5 billion for 612,000 hospital stays.", "Q1653800": "Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn is a military science fiction web series set in the universe of the Halo franchise. Forward Unto Dawn consists of five 15-minute episodes released weekly starting on October 5, 2012, and was later released as a single film on DVD and Blu-ray and was later put on Netflix in 2013. The series was produced as a marketing effort for the video game Halo 4 intended to widen the audience of the Halo series and as a stepping stone to a potential Halo film. It was written by Aaron Helbing and Todd Helbing, and directed by Stewart Hendler. Forward Unto Dawn was shot in Vancouver over 25 days in May 2012 on a budget just under US$10 million. It has just under 500 shots with computer generated imagery, approximately a quarter of what a feature film would have, but the visual effects received praise from reviewers.\nA coming-of-age story in the twenty-sixth century, Forward Unto Dawn follows a cadet, Thomas Lasky, at a military training academy set 31 years before the events of Halo 4. The academy is attacked by the Covenant, a religious alliance of aliens. Lasky is unsure of his future within the military but feels pressured to follow in the footsteps of his mother and brother. Lasky and his surviving squad mates are rescued by the Master Chief and, after the death of his romantic interest, Chyler Silva, Lasky is inspired by the Chief to take initiative and aids him in saving the remaining cadets.\nForward Unto Dawn received a Streamy Award and several of the crew received awards for their work editing, producing and filming of it. The series also won a Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Award for sound editing. Reviewers were impressed by the special effects and action-packed second act, but found that the plot was too slow in the first half and most of the characters were under-developed. The series was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for main title design.", "Q287309": "Catherine Elizabeth Pierson (born April 27, 1948) is an American singer, lyricist, and one of the singers and founding members of the B-52's. A multi-instrumentalist, she plays guitar, bass and various keyboard instruments. In the B-52s, she has performed alongside Cindy Wilson, Fred Schneider, Ricky Wilson, and Keith Strickland. In the early years, as well as a vocalist, Pierson was also the main keyboard player and was notable for performing on a keyboard bass during many live shows and many of the band's recordings, taking on a role usually filled by a bass guitar player which differentiated the band from their contemporaries. This along with Pierson's distinctive wide ranging singing voice remain trademarks of the B-52's unique sound. Pierson has also collaborated with many other artists including The Ramones, Iggy Pop and R.E.M.\nIn February 2015, Pierson released her first solo album, Guitars and Microphones, featuring material co-written by Sia Furler. She later released the non-album single \"Better Not Sting the Bee,\" and on April 15, 2016, she released a cover of \"Venus\" as a single.", "Q4165": "Bad Homburg vor der H\u00f6he is the district town of the Hochtaunuskreis, Hesse, Germany, on the southern slope of the Taunus mountains. Bad Homburg is part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. The town's formal name is Bad Homburg vor der H\u00f6he (translated as \"Bad Homburg before the Height\") to distinguish it from other places named Homburg. The name is abbreviated as Bad Homburg v. d. H\u00f6he. It is known best for its medically used mineral waters and spa (hence the prefix Bad, meaning \"bath\"), and for its casino.\nPresently, Bad Homburg is again one of the wealthiest towns in Germany (with the Hochtaunuskreis and the Landkreis Starnberg regularly competing for the title of the wealthiest district in Germany). As of 2004, the town's marketing slogan is Champagnerluft und Tradition (Champagne air and tradition).\n\n", "Q711188": "V\u00e1clav Mat\u011bj Kramerius (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8va\u02d0tslaf \u02c8mac\u025bj \u02c8kram\u025brijus], he preferred to write his name in old form as Kram\u00e9ryus; February 9, 1753 in Klatovy, Bohemia \u2013 March 22, 1808 in Prague) was a Czech publisher, journalist and writer, one of the most important early figures of the Czech National Revival.\nBorn as Mat\u011bj Valentin Kramerius to the Roman Catholic family of burghers of Klatovy town, southwestern Bohemia, he went to the Jesuit high school there and then studied philosophy and law at the Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague (1778\u20131780). During his studies he earned money by cataloguing the library of a nobleman, which gave him access to old Czech books. From 1786 he worked as a journalist in the only and oldest Czech language weekly Pra\u017esk\u00e9 po\u0161tovsk\u00e9 noviny but in 1789 he started a newspaper of his own (renamed to Krameriusovy c. k. vlasteneck\u00e9 noviny in 1791), which he published regularly until his death. As a result of its commercial success, he was able to buy a printing shop and subsequently established a publishing house (named \"\u010cesk\u00e1 expedice\") in 1795. Most Czech language books of his time were published there. Kramerius himself wrote about 80 books of varying quality; most successful were his calendars for farmers.\nHis son V\u00e1clav Rodomil Kramerius continued the work of his father.", "Q403252": "Ali Farzat or Ali Ferzat (Arabic: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0632\u0627\u062a\u200e; born 22 June 1951) is a Syrian political cartoonist. He has published more than 15,000 caricatures in Syrian, Arab and international newspapers. He serves as the head of the Arab Cartoonists' Association. In 2011 he received Sakharov Prize for peace. Farzat was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine in 2012.", "Q122719": "Christian Kohlund (born August 17, 1950 in Basel, Switzerland) is a Swiss actor and director.", "Q2514": "Willy Brandt (German: [\u02c8v\u026ali\u02d0 \u02c8b\u0281ant]; born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm; 18 December 1913 \u2013 8 October 1992) was a German politician and statesman who was leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and served as Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1969 to 1974. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971 for his efforts to strengthen cooperation in western Europe through the EEC and to achieve reconciliation between West Germany and the countries of Eastern Europe. He was the first Social Democrat chancellor since 1930.\nFleeing to Norway and then Sweden during the Nazi regime and working as a left-wing journalist, he took the name Willy Brandt as a pseudonym to avoid detection by Nazi agents, and then formally adopted the name in 1948. Brandt was originally considered one of the leaders of the right wing of the SPD, and earned initial fame as Governing Mayor of West Berlin. He served as Foreign Minister and as Vice Chancellor in Kurt Georg Kiesinger's cabinet, and became chancellor in 1969. As chancellor, he maintained West Germany's close alignment with the United States and focused on strengthening European integration in western Europe, while launching the new policy of Ostpolitik aimed at improving relations with Eastern Europe. Brandt was controversial on both the right wing, for his Ostpolitik, and on the left wing, for his support of American policies, including the Vietnam War, and right-wing authoritarian regimes. The Brandt Report became a recognised measure for describing the general North-South divide in world economics and politics between an affluent North and a poor South. Brandt was also known for his fierce anti-communist policies at the domestic level, culminating in the Radikalenerlass (Anti-Radical Decree) in 1972.\nBrandt resigned as chancellor in 1974, after G\u00fcnter Guillaume, one of his closest aides, was exposed as an agent of the Stasi, the East German secret service.", "Q557171": "Gadi Taub (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d8\u05d0\u05d5\u05d1\u200e; born April 19, 1965 in Jerusalem) is an Israeli historian, author, screenwriter, and political commentator. He is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Public Policy and the Department of Communications at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Taub is also an internationally noticed voice in the discourse on Zionism.", "Q526788": "Andy Moor (born 1962) is a Scottish guitarist best known for his work with Dutch underground band The Ex.", "Q795288": "Cornelius Kingsland Garrison (March 1, 1809 \u2013 May 1, 1885) was a steamboat captain, shipping agent, shipbuilder, capitalist, and the fifth Mayor of San Francisco (1853\u20131854). He was born in Fort Montgomery, near West Point, New York. During his childhood, he studied architecture and civil engineering while working on his father's schooner.\nAfter moving to Buffalo in 1830, he worked as a builder, then moving to Canada in 1834 where he built bridges and other marine building projects. He moved to St. Louis in 1839, where he made a fortune from owning, building, and commanding boats. He later moved to Panama, where he worked as an agent for the Nicaraguan steamship company and also established the banking firm of Garrison, Fritz, and Ralston.\nGarrison operated steamboats on the Mississippi River.In 1849, Garrison and Ralph Stover Fretz established a transportation agency in Panama which included banking services and operated as a casino. Garrison earned a reputation as a card hustler from his days on the Mississippi and in Central America. Charles Morgan hired him as an agent for his steamship service running through Panama.On February 1, 1853, Garrison accepted a two-year contract to serve as the San Francisco agent of the Accessory Transit Company, a firm which provided transportation from New York to San Francisco, via Nicaragua. The contract specified a commission of either 2.5 percent or 5 percent of revenue and disbursements, depending on whether he opted to cap his annual salary at $60,000. Cornelius Vanderbilt, a director of the company, recruited him as the Commodore prepared for an extended vacation. Garrison sailed for San Francisco just a few weeks later. In addition to running Accessory Transit Company's agency in San Francisco, he formed a financial partnership with Charles Morgan, founding a bank and collaborating on combinations.The business partnership of Morgan & Garrison, which Garrison formed with Morgan, was reportedly once the recipient of a brief and now very famous letter: \"Gentlemen: You have undertaken to cheat me. I won't sue you, for the law is too slow. I'll ruin you. Yours truly, Cornelius Vanderbilt.\" This letter appears to be apocryphal, however, its only primary source being Vanderbilt's obituary in The New York Times, published almost 25 years after the letter was supposedly written.After he moved to San Francisco, he was elected mayor of that city in 1853. After his term as mayor, he returned to New York, where he became a speculator.\nDuring the Civil War, he allowed the U.S. government to use most of his ships. After the war, he bought a large interest in what later became the Missouri Pacific Railroad, which he became president of after it was reorganized. He would also lose a lawsuit which resulted from this reorganization.\nHe died on May 1, 1885 in New York City of a heart attack. He in interred at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York.", "Q511124": "Semyon Alekseyevich Lavochkin (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438\u043d; September 11, 1900 - June 9, 1960), was a Soviet aerospace engineer, Soviet aircraft designer who founded the Lavochkin aircraft design bureau. Many of his fighter designs were produced in large numbers for Soviet forces during World War II.", "Q135265": "Issy-les-Moulineaux (French pronunciation: \u200b[isi le mulino]) is a commune in the southwestern suburban area of Paris, France, lying on the left bank of the river Seine. It is one of Paris' entrances and is located 6.6 km (4.1 mi) from Notre-Dame Church, which is considered Kilometre zero of France. On 1 January 2010, Issy-les-Moulineaux became part of the Grand Paris Seine Ouest agglomeration community, which merged into the M\u00e9tropole du Grand Paris in January 2016.\nIssy-les-Moulineaux has successfully moved its economy from an old manufacturing base to high value-added service sectors and is at the heart of the Val de Seine business district, the largest cluster of telecommunication and media businesses in France hosting the headquarters of most major French TV networks.", "Q935369": "Daniel Roland Lanois ( lan-WAH; born September 19, 1951) is a Canadian record producer, guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter.\nLanois has released several albums of his own work. However, he is best known for producing albums for a wide variety of artists, including Spoons, Bob Dylan, Neil Young, Peter Gabriel, Emmylou Harris, Willie Nelson, and Brandon Flowers. Lanois also collaborated with Brian Eno: most famously on producing several albums for U2, including the multi-platinum The Joshua Tree and Achtung Baby. Three albums produced or co-produced by Lanois have won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. Four other albums received Grammy nominations.\nLanois wrote and performed the music for Billy Bob Thornton's film Sling Blade (1996).", "Q125076": "Slumdog Millionaire is a 2008 British crime drama film that is a loose adaptation of the novel Q & A (2005) by Indian author Vikas Swarup, telling the story of 18-year-old Jamal Malik from the Juhu slums of Mumbai. Starring Dev Patel as Jamal, and filmed in India, the film was directed by Danny Boyle, written by Simon Beaufoy, and produced by Christian Colson, with Loveleen Tandan credited as co-director.As a contestant on the Indian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Jamal surprises everyone by being able to answer every question correctly. Accused of cheating, Jamal recounts his life story to the police, illustrating how he is able to answer each question correctly.\nAfter its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival and later screenings at the Toronto International Film Festival and the London Film Festival, Slumdog Millionaire had a nationwide release in the United Kingdom on 9 January 2009, in India on 23 January 2009, and in the United States on 25 December 2008.\nRegarded as a sleeper hit, Slumdog Millionaire was widely acclaimed, being praised for its plot, soundtrack, direction, and performances (especially Patel's). It was nominated for ten Academy Awards in 2009 and won eight\u2014the most for any 2008 film\u2014including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay. It won seven BAFTA Awards including Best Film, five Critics' Choice Awards and four Golden Globes.", "Q30495": "Grosses Fiescherhorn is a mountain peak of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Bern and ValaisValais, halfway between the M\u00f6nch and the Finsteraarhorn. At 4,049 metres (13,284 ft) above sea level, its summit culminates over the whole Fiescherhorn massif (German: Fiescherh\u00f6rner), which is also composed of the slightly lower Hinteres Fiescherhorn (4,025 m (13,205 ft)) to the south and Kleines Fiescherhorn (also called Ochs aka ox, 3,895 m (12,779 ft)) to the east. From the north both are well hidden behind other mountain peaks and can only been seen from Isch in Grindelwald (1,095 m). The mountain is shared between the municipalities of Grindelwald and Fieschertal.\nAscents are usually made from one of these three popular routes: one starts from the M\u00f6nchsjoch Hut, one from the Konkordia Hut, and the third from the Finsteraarhorn Hut.", "Q79095": "\u00c1gnes Esterh\u00e1zy (born Agnes Gr\u00e4fin Josika von Branyitska, 15 January 1891 \u2013 4 April 1956) was a Hungarian film actress, who worked mainly in Austria and Germany. She appeared in 32 films between 1918 and 1943.", "Q443110": "Araminta Estelle \"Minta\" Durfee (October 1, 1889 \u2013 September 9, 1975) was an American silent film actress from Los Angeles, California, possibly best known for her role in Mickey (1918).", "Q2272": "Skien [\u02c8\u0283\u00ea\u02d0\u0259n] (listen) is a city and municipality in Vestfold og Telemark county in Norway. In modern times it is regarded as part of the traditional region of Grenland, although historically it belonged to Grenmar/Skiensfjorden, while Grenland referred the Norsj\u00f8 area and B\u00f8. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Skien. Skien is also the capital of Vestfold og Telemark county.\nSkien is one of Norway's oldest cities, with an urban history dating back to the Middle Ages, and received privileges as a market town in 1358. From the 15th century, the city was governed by a 12-member council. The modern municipality of Skien was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipalities of Gjerpen and Solum were merged into the municipality of Skien on 1 January 1964.\nThe conurbation of Porsgrunn/Skien is reckoned by Statistics Norway to be the seventh largest urban area in Norway, straddling an area of three municipalities: Skien municipality (about 62% of the population), Porsgrunn (30%), and Bamble (8%). This area is home to more than 100,000 people.\nSkien was historically Norway's most important port town for shipping timber and one of Norway's leading commercial cities with extensive contact with neighbouring countries, particularly Denmark. The city was the birthplace of playwright Henrik Ibsen, and many of his famous dramas are set in places reminiscent of 19th-century Skien.", "Q282517": "Jean Liedloff (November 26, 1926 \u2013 March 15, 2011) was an American author, born in New York City, and best known for her 1975 book The Continuum Concept. She is the aunt of writer Janet Hobhouse, and is represented by the character Constance in Hobhouse's book \"The Furies.\"\nBorn in New York City in 1926, as a teenager she attended the Drew Seminary for Young Women and began studying at Cornell University, but began her expeditions before she could graduate.During a diamond-hunting expedition to Venezuela, she came into contact with an indigenous people named the Yequana. Over time she became fascinated with the Yequana, and made a decision to return to Venezuela to live with them. She wrote her book The Continuum Concept to describe her new understanding of how we have lost much of our natural well-being, and to show us practical ways to regain it for our children and for ourselves. Her book is based on her experiences while living with the Yequana, and discusses in particular their style of child-rearing and its fundamental effect on their later lives.\nShe was a founding member of The Ecologist magazine.Liedloff died on March 15, 2011 in Sausalito, California.", "Q2255268": "Violence Jack (Japanese: \u30d0\u30a4\u30aa\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u30b8\u30e3\u30c3\u30af, Hepburn: Baiorensu Jakku) is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Go Nagai in 1973. It has had several serializations and one-shot stories which have run in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. Most of the stories have been compiled in around 45 tank\u014dbon while a few of them have been published as special tank\u014dbon or have yet to be published in that format.\nA set of sagas from the manga were adapted in three independent OVAs released in 1986, 1988 and 1990. These OVAs have been released in the United States, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. In some of these countries, the contents of the OVAs have caused censorship issues, while in Australia the second OVA was banned altogether.", "Q188082": "\u010cesk\u00fd Krumlov (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0283\u025bski\u02d0 \u02c8krumlof] (listen); German: Krumau or B\u00f6hmisch Krumau) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. Its historic centre, centred around the \u010cesk\u00fd Krumlov Castle, has been a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1992 and was given this status along with the historic Prague castle district.\nThe town's name begins with \u010cesk\u00fd (\"Bohemian\") to differentiate it from Moravsk\u00fd Krumlov in south Moravia.", "Q51719": "Joscelin of Courtenay (or Joscelin I) (died 1131), Prince of Galilee and Lord of Turbessel (1115\u20131131) and Count of Edessa (1119\u20131131), ruled over the County of Edessa during its zenith, from 1118 to 1131. He maintained the large and unstable borders through his martial prowess.\nHe was the son of Joscelin I, Lord of Courtenay, born in 1034, and wife Isabella (or Elizabeth), daughter of Guy I of Montlh\u00e9ry. He arrived in the Holy Land during the Crusade of 1101 after the First Crusade, and entered first into the service of his cousin Count Baldwin II of Rethel (in the army of Godfrey of Bouillon), who invested him with the lordship of Turbessel, and later in the army of Stephen of Blois. In 1104 he was captured at the Battle of Harran. By 1113, he had carved out a semi-autonomous state around Turbessel to the west of the Euphrates, where the land was prosperous, while Baldwin II controlled the territory east of the Euphrates around Edessa itself, which was depopulated and continually harassed by the Turks. That year, Baldwin dispossessed him of Turbessel, and Joscelin travelled to Jerusalem, where he was given the title of Prince of Galilee.\nIn 1118, Baldwin II succeeded Baldwin I as king of Jerusalem. Despite their former hostility, Joscelin fully endorsed Baldwin II, over the candidacy of Baldwin I's brother Eustace III of Boulogne. Joscelin was rewarded with the County of Edessa.\nAs count, he was taken prisoner along with Waleran of Le Puiset, in 1122 near Saruj by Belek Ghazi. Later he was joined in captivity at Kharput, by Baldwin II, king of Jerusalem, who had been captured in April 1123. They were rescued by fifty Armenian soldiers, who disguised themselves as merchants and infiltrated the fortress where the prisoners were kept. They killed the guards and freed the hostages. However, the castle was soon besieged by a large Turkish force and it was decided that Joscelin should seek assistance. Baldwin stayed in the fortress and after some time it was reclaimed by the Turks.After returning to Edessa he was able to enlarge the territory of the county, and in 1125 he participated in the Battle of Azaz, a Crusader victory against the atabeg of Mosul, who were led by Aq-Sunqur il-Bursuqi.\nIn 1131, during the siege of a small castle north-east of Aleppo, a sapper's mine collapsed and Joscelin was gravely injured. Shortly thereafter, he received word that emir G\u00fcm\u00fcshtigin Gazi was marching against the fortress town of Kaysun. When Joscelin's own son, the future Joscelin II, refused to aid the town, he commanded that his own army should decamp and Joscelin was borne on a litter before the army. When Ghazi heard of Joscelin's approach, perhaps mistakenly believing him already dead, he lifted the siege and retreated, and thus the warrior prince won a final battle before dying shortly thereafter on the roadside.\nJoscelin married an Armenian noblewoman named Beatrice, daughter of Constantine I of Armenia. Beatrice was the mother of his son Joscelin II, Count of Edessa.In 1122, after Beatrice died (d. 1119), Joscelin married Maria, daughter of Richard of Salerno and sister of Roger, regent of the Principality of Antioch.\n\n", "Q49156": "Gloucester is a city on Cape Ann in Essex County, Massachusetts, in the United States. It is part of Massachusetts's North Shore. The population was 28,789 at the 2010 U.S. Census. An important center of the fishing industry and a popular summer destination, Gloucester consists of an urban core on the north side of the harbor and the outlying neighborhoods of Annisquam, Bay View, Lanesville, Folly Cove, Magnolia, Riverdale, East Gloucester, and West Gloucester.", "Q664503": "Montebello (Italian for beautiful mountain) is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located in the southwestern area of the San Gabriel Valley on 8.4 sq mi (22 km2) 8 mi (13 km) east of downtown Los Angeles. It is considered part of the Gateway Cities, and is a member of the Gateway Cities Council of Governments. In the early 20th century, Montebello was a well-known source for oil reserves. At the 2010 census, the population was 62,500. The estimated population as of July 1, 2018 was 62,632.", "Q251997": "Cimarron is a 1931 Pre-Code Western film directed by Wesley Ruggles, starring Richard Dix and Irene Dunne, and featuring Estelle Taylor and Roscoe Ates. The Oscar-winning script was written by Howard Estabrook based on the Edna Ferber novel Cimarron. It would be RKO's most expensive production up to that date, and its winning of the top Oscar for Best Production would be only one of two ever won by that studio. It is also one of the few Westerns to ever win the top honor at the Academy Awards. Epic in scope, spanning forty years from 1889 to 1929, it was a critical success, although it did not recoup its production costs during its initial run in 1931.", "Q209524": "The 2nd arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille.\n\nPopulation of neighbourhoods of the 2nd arrondissement of MarseilleUnemployment rate, as of 8/3/1999Dwellings in areas as of 8/3/1999Population of neighbourhoods by age 8/3/1999", "Q613953": "George Arion (born April 5, 1946 in Tecuci) is a Romanian crime writer. He is also a poet, essayist, librettist and journalist. He is the Chairman of the Flac\u0103ra Publications, Chairman of the \"Flac\u0103ra Prizes\" foundation and Chairman of the Romanian Crime Writers\u2019 Club.His literary debut came in 1966 with the publishing of a collection of poems. But it is in 1983 that his novel-writing carrier really starts, with the publishing of Attack in the Library. Thanks to his first novel, George Arion quickly became known as the initiator of a renewal of the Romanian crime novel. He effectively gave a new impulse to the genre by having a refreshing foundation. He raised the literary standards and moved them away from their mostly propagandist use at the time.\nGeorge Arion stands out through an alert rhythm, short phrases, the use of colored language by his characters, a good dose of humour and an extraordinary irony, which are still his trademark. One can recognise the influences of Raymond Chandler, Boileau-Narcejac, San Antonio.", "Q172648": "The Greek People's Liberation Army (Greek: \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u039b\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0391\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 (\u0395\u039b\u0391\u03a3), Ellinik\u00f3s La\u00efk\u00f3s Apeleftherotik\u00f3s Strat\u00f3s (ELAS)), also mistakenly called the National People's Liberation Army (\u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u039b\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0391\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2, Ethnik\u00f3s La\u00efk\u00f3s Apeleftherotik\u00f3s Strat\u00f3s), was the military arm of the left-wing National Liberation Front (EAM) during the period of the Greek Resistance until February 1945, when, following the Dekemvriana clashes and the Varkiza Agreement, it was disarmed and disbanded.", "Q261854": "The Undefeated is a 1969 American Western and Civil War era film directed by Andrew V. McLaglen and John Wayne (uncredited) and starring John Wayne and Rock Hudson. The film portrays events surrounding the French Imperial intervention in Mexico during the 1860s period of the neighboring American Civil War with the Archduke Maximillian of Austria set up as Emperor in Mexico in 1863 by French Emperor Napoleon III and is also loosely based on Confederate States Army General Joseph Orville Shelby's factual escape to Mexico after the American Civil War (1861-1865). and his attempt to join with Maximilian's Imperial Mexican forces supported by French Imperial regiments sent by Emperor Napoleon III from Europe.", "Q503246": "The Juilliard School () is a private performing arts conservatory in New York City. Established in 1905, the school trains about 850 undergraduate and graduate students in dance, drama, and music. It is widely regarded as one of the world's leading drama, music and dance schools, with some of the most prestigious arts programs.", "Q340130": "Whose Life Is It Anyway? is a 1981 American drama film directed by John Badham and starring Richard Dreyfuss. It was adapted by Brian Clark and Reginald Rose from Clark's 1972 television movie and 1978 stage play, all under the same title. Whose Life Is It Anyway? received a 67% fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on nine reviews and an average rating of 5.9/10.", "Q3615792": "Andrea Illy (born 2 September 1964, Trieste) is an Italian businessman. He is the Chairman of illycaff\u00e8 S.p.A., a family coffee business founded in Trieste in 1933. He has additionally been Chairman of Altagamma since 2013.", "Q168610": "Henry Meigs (October 28, 1782 \u2013 May 20, 1861) was a U.S. Representative from New York.\nBorn in New Haven, Connecticut, the son of Josiah Meigs and Clara (Benjamin) Meigs, Meigs attended the common schools. \nHe was graduated from Yale College in 1799.\nHe studied law.\nHe was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in New York City.\nHe served in the War of 1812 with the rank of adjutant.\nHe served as member of the state assembly in 1818.\nMeigs was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Sixteenth Congress (March 4, 1819 \u2013 March 3, 1821).\nHe served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings (Sixteenth Congress).\nHe served as president of the board of aldermen of New York City in 1832 and 1833.\nHe served as judge of one of the city courts and afterward clerk of the court of general sessions.\nMeigs was elected recording secretary of the American Institute of the City of New York in 1845, and retained this position in connection with the secretaryship of the Farmers' Club until his death.\nHe died in New York City on May 20, 1861.\nAccording to Congressional records, he was interred in St. Ann's Churchyard, Perth Amboy, New Jersey, but church records record that he was originally buried in St. Luke's in New York City and later moved to St. Peter's Churchyard in Perth Amboy.\nHis son, Henry Meigs, Jr. was the first mayor of Bayonne, New Jersey, and the president of the New York Stock Exchange.", "Q35101861": "ONF (pronounced as On and Off, Korean: \uc628\uc564\uc624\ud504) is a South Korean boy group formed by WM Entertainment in 2017. The group is composed of six members: Hyojin, E-Tion, J-Us, Wyatt, MK and U. Laun left the group on August 23, 2019. ONF debuted on August 3, 2017 with an eponymous mini album.", "Q562874": "Budd Schulberg (born Seymour Wilson Schulberg, March 27, 1914 \u2013 August 5, 2009) was an American screenwriter, television producer, novelist and sports writer. He was known for his novels What Makes Sammy Run? and The Harder They Fall, his Academy Award-winning screenplay for On the Waterfront, and his screenplay for A Face in the Crowd.", "Q6014": "Barnaul (Russian: \u0411\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0301\u043b, IPA: [b\u0259rn\u0250\u02c8ul]) is a city and the administrative center of Altai Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Barnaulka and Ob Rivers in the West Siberian Plain. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 612,401.", "Q178403": "Irvine Welsh (born 27 September 1958) is a Scottish novelist, playwright and short story writer. His novel Trainspotting was made into a film of the same name. His work is characterised by a raw Scots dialect and brutal depiction of Edinburgh life. He has also written plays and screenplays, and directed several short films.", "Q9327": "Henri Ren\u00e9 Albert Guy de Maupassant (UK: , US: ; French: [\u0261i d(\u0259) mopas\u0251\u0303]; 5 August 1850 \u2013 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author, remembered as a master of the short story form, and as a representative of the Naturalist school, who depicted human lives and destinies and social forces in disillusioned and often pessimistic terms.\nMaupassant was a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Gustave Flaubert and his stories are characterized by economy of style and efficient, seemingly effortless d\u00e9nouements (outcomes). Many are set during the Franco-Prussian War of the 1870s, describing the futility of war and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events beyond their control, are permanently changed by their experiences. He wrote 300 short stories, six novels, three travel books, and one volume of verse. His first published story, \"Boule de Suif\" (\"Ball of Sweat\", 1880), is often considered his masterpiece.\nHe was known to consume hallucinogens and may have drawn on the experience with these substances for his stories. His work has been studied by neuroscientists due to his skill for articulating and analyzing his first hand experiences with different types of hallucinatory phenomena.", "Q522288": "Jon Landau (born May 14, 1947) is an American music critic, manager, and record producer. He has worked with Bruce Springsteen in all three capacities. He is the head of the nominating committee for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Q970153": "The term child actor or child actress is generally applied to a child acting on stage or in motion pictures or television, but also to an adult who began their acting career as a child. To avoid confusion, the latter is also called a former child actor. Closely associated is teenage actor or teen actor, an actor who reached popularity as a teenager.\nMany child actors find themselves struggling to adapt as they become adults, mainly due to typecasting. Lindsay Lohan and Macaulay Culkin are two particular famous child actors who eventually experienced much difficulty with the fame they acquired at a young age. Many child actors also become successful adult actors as well, a prime example of this being Jodie Foster, who was 12 years old in the film Taxi Driver in 1976 and went on to become an adult star with variety of films including The Silence of the Lambs (1991).", "Q187399": "Derek Nikitas is the Edgar Award nominated author of Pyres and The Long Division. His short fiction has appeared in Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine, The Ontario Review, Chelsea and New South.", "Q122057": "Oscar Peer (23 April 1928 \u2013 22 December 2013) was a Swiss novelist, playwright and philologist. His works were written in Romansch and German, and comprised epic novels, short stories, and drama. He was also well known for his Ladin-German dictionary.", "Q134635": "Saitama (\u3055\u3044\u305f\u307e\u5e02, Saitama-shi, Japanese: [sa\ua71citama]) is the capital and the most populous city of Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Its area incorporates the former cities of Urawa, \u014cmiya, Yono and Iwatsuki. It is a city designated by government ordinance. Being in the Greater Tokyo Area and lying 15 to 30 kilometres north of central Tokyo, many of its residents commute into Tokyo. As of 1 January 2020, the city had an estimated population of 1,309,768, and a population density of 6,024 persons per km\u00b2. Its total area is 217.43 square kilometres (83.95 sq mi).", "Q67283": "Gerhard Tersteegen (November 25, 1697 \u2013 April 3, 1769), was a German Reformed religious writer and hymnist.", "Q432919": "James Maxwell Anderson (December 15, 1888 \u2013 February 28, 1959) was an American playwright, author, poet, journalist and lyricist.", "Q231093": "Mayim Chaya Bialik ( MY-\u0259m bee-AH-lik; born December 12, 1975) is an American actress, scientist, and author. From 1991 to 1995, she played the title character of the NBC sitcom Blossom. Bialik later played neurobiologist Amy Farrah Fowler on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory from 2010 to 2019. Outside of her acting career, she holds a Ph.D. in neuroscience. For her role as Fowler, Bialik has been nominated four times for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series and won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2015 and 2016.", "Q335587": "Nicolas Kent Stahl (born December 5, 1979) is an American actor. Starting out as a child actor, he gained recognition for his performance in the 1993 film The Man Without a Face co-starring Mel Gibson and then embarked on a successful career.\nHe later transitioned into his adult career with roles in the films The Thin Red Line, In the Bedroom, Bully, Sin City, the HBO series Carniv\u00e0le, and the film Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, in the role of John Connor. He also starred in the films Mirrors 2, Afghan Luke, and Away from Here.", "Q653387": "Flor\u00eancio Carlos de Abreu e Silva (October 20, 1839 in Porto Alegre \u2013 December 12, 1881 in Rio de Janeiro) was a lawyer, journalist, writer and politician from Brazil.\nHe was a member of the parliament of the province of Rio Grande do Sul, senator of Brazilian Empire and president of S\u00e3o Paulo (state) from April 7 to November 5, 1881.\n\n", "Q1606801": "Henry Gray (January 19, 1925 \u2013 February 17, 2020) was an American blues piano player and singer born in Kenner, Louisiana. He played for more than seven decades and performed with many artists, including Robert Lockwood Jr., Billy Boy Arnold, Morris Pejoe, the Rolling Stones, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf. He has more than 58 albums to his credit, including recordings for Chess Records. He is credited as helping to create the distinctive sound of the Chicago blues piano.In 2017, Gray was inducted in to the Blues Hall of Fame.", "Q201150": "Myrtle Alice Cook (also competed as Myrtle McGowan) (January 5, 1902 \u2013 March 18, 1985) was a Canadian athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres.", "Q58073": "H\u00e9ctor Marcos Timerman (16 December 1953 \u2013 30 December 2018) was an Argentine journalist, politician, human rights activist and diplomat. He served as his country's Minister of Foreign Relations from 2010 to 2015, during the presidency of Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner.\n\n", "Q57340": "Mswati III (born Makhosetive; 19 April 1968) is the king (Swazi: Ngwenyama, Ingwenyama yemaSwati) of Eswatini and head of the Swazi Royal Family. He was born in Manzini in the Protectorate of Swaziland to King Sobhuza II and one of his younger wives, Ntfombi Tfwala. He was crowned as Mswati III, Ingwenyama and King of Swaziland, on 25 April 1986 at the age of 18, thus becoming the youngest ruling monarch in the world at that time. Together with his mother, Ntfombi Tfwala, now Queen Mother (Ndlovukati), he rules the country as an absolute monarch. Mswati III is known for his practice of polygamy (although at least two wives are appointed by the state) and currently has 15 wives. His policies and lavish lifestyle have led to local protests and international criticism.In April 2020, he was reported to have been admitted to hospital with breathing difficulties, and, as of 13 April, to be in a critical condition. In March, Mswati III had come into contact with visiting Taiwanese soldiers, two of whom were later quarantined for COVID-19. The Eswatini government claimed that the reports were \"fake news\".\n\n", "Q83677": "Michael Weston (born Michael Rubinstein; October 25, 1973) is an American television and film actor. His best-known roles are the private detective Lucas Douglas on House, the deranged and sadistic kidnapper Jake in the HBO drama Six Feet Under and Pvt. Dancer on Scrubs.", "Q8011": "Ibn Sina (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u200e), also known as Abu Ali Sina (\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627), Pur Sina (\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627), and often known in the west as Avicenna (; c.\u2009980 \u2013 June 1037) was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age, and the father of early modern medicine. Avicenna is also called \"the most influential philosopher of the pre-modern era\". He was a peripatetic philosopher influenced by Aristotelian philosophy. Of the 450 works he is believed to have written, around 240 have survived, including 150 on philosophy and 40 on medicine.His most famous works are The Book of Healing, a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia, and The Canon of Medicine, a medical encyclopedia which became a standard medical text at many medieval universities and remained in use as late as 1650.Besides philosophy and medicine, Avicenna's corpus includes writings on astronomy, alchemy, geography and geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics and works of poetry.", "Q253170": "While Paris Sleeps, aka The Glory of Love, is a 1923 American silent drama film based on the novel The Glory of Love by Leslie Beresford (a.k.a. Pan), directed by Maurice Tourneur, and starring Lon Chaney and John Gilbert. The film is believed to be lost.", "Q215125": "Flyleaf is an American rock band formed in Bell County, Texas, in 2002. The band has charted on mainstream rock, Christian pop and Christian metal genres. They performed around the United States in 2003 until releasing their eponymous debut album, Flyleaf, in 2005. The album went platinum after selling more than one million copies. Flyleaf released their second album Memento Mori on November 10, 2009, which debuted and peaked at No. 8 on the Billboard charts.\nFlyleaf's third album New Horizons was released on October 30, 2012. Shortly before the album's release, lead vocalist Lacey Sturm announced her departure. Kristen May subsequently became the new lead vocalist. May sang with the band until August 2016, when she announced her departure from the band.", "Q110783": "Britta Reimers (born 27 July 1971) is a German politician. For one term from 2009 until 2014 she served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) representing Germany. She served as a member of the Free Democratic Party, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.During her time in Parliament she served as a Member of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development and the Committee on Fisheries.\nReimers trained as a farmer and lives on her dairy farm in Steinburg.", "Q881196": "Paul Richard LePage (; born October 9, 1948) is an American businessman and politician who was the 74th Governor of Maine, from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, LePage served two terms as a city councilor in Waterville, Maine, before being elected Mayor of Waterville in 2003, serving until 2011.\nLePage ran for governor of Maine in the 2010 election, winning the general election with a plurality, 37.6%, in a five-candidate race. He was re-elected with a stronger plurality, 48.2% of the vote, in a three-candidate election in 2014. During his tenure as the Governor of Maine, he made extensive use of his veto power, vetoing 652 bills as of July 2018, more than the total by all Maine governors over the previous 100 years combined. As governor he made controversial remarks regarding abortion, the LGBTQ community, racial minorities, the death penalty, voting rights, campaign financing, the government and the environment that sparked widespread national criticism including calls for impeachment.\nAs of April 2018, LePage had an approval rate of 41% in Maine, and his disapproval rate of 53% was tied for fourth-highest of all current governors. LePage was blocked by Maine's term limits from serving a third consecutive term. His plurality wins and unpopular tenure contributed to Maine voters changing their voting system from plurality voting to ranked-choice voting in a 2016 ballot initiative.\n\n", "Q379941": "Jean Antoine de Ba\u00eff (19 February 1532 \u2013 19 September 1589) was a French poet and member of the Pl\u00e9iade.", "Q158923": "Stryi (Ukrainian: \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439, Polish: Stryj) is a city located on the left bank of the Stryi River in Lviv Oblast (region) of western Ukraine 65 km to the south of Lviv (in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains). Serving as the administrative center of Stryi Raion (district), it is designated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. Its population is approximately 59,325\u2009(2017 est.).\nStryi is considered to be the first city in Ukraine to bear the blue-over-yellow Ukrainian national flag when it was hoisted on the flagpole of the Town Hall on March 14, 1990 even before the fall of the Soviet Union.\n\n", "Q931641": "Lasse Gjertsen (born 19 July 1984) is a Norwegian animator, musician, and videographer. He is best known for his short pieces \"Hyperactive\" and \"Amateur\", big hits in the early years of YouTube, which strung together short clips of video to create a unique form of video akin to stop-motion animation. His \"Hyperactive\" video has over 8.5 million views and his \"Amateur\" video has over 15 million views.", "Q281036": "Polly Samson (born 29 April 1962) is an English novelist, lyricist and journalist. She is married to musician David Gilmour, and has written the lyrics to many of Gilmour's works, both as a solo artist and with the group Pink Floyd.", "Q327183": "Vinton Hayworth (June 4, 1906 \u2013 May 21, 1970), also known as Jack Arnold and Vincent Haworth, was an American actor, playwright and screenwriter who began in weaselly and milquetoast roles and aged into dignified character parts. He appeared in over 90 films during his career, as well as on numerous television shows. He is most likely best known for his final role, that of General Winfield Schaeffer in the fourth and fifth seasons of the sitcom I Dream of Jeannie. He is the uncle of Rita Hayworth, as well as being the uncle (by marriage) of Ginger Rogers.", "Q106687": "Unitarianism (from Latin unitas \"unity, oneness\", from unus \"one\") is a Christian theological movement named for its belief that the God in Christianity is one person, as opposed to the Trinity (tri- from Latin tres \"three\") which in most other branches of Christianity defines God as one being in three persons: the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Unitarian Christians, therefore, believe that Jesus was inspired by God in his moral teachings, and he is a savior, but he was not a deity or God incarnate. As is typical of dissenters, Unitarianism does not constitute one single Christian denomination, but rather refers to a collection of both existing and extinct Christian groups, whether historically related to each other or not, which share a common theological concept of the oneness nature of God.\nWhile the uncompromising theological monotheism at the heart of Christian Unitarianism distinguishes it from the major Christian denominations which subscribe to Trinitarian theology, Christian Unitarianism is closer to the monotheistic understandings of God in Judaism, as well as the concept of the oneness of God in Islam. More so, Muslims believe that Christian Unitarianism encompasses the one true monotheistic divine message from God, perpetuated through the Abrahamic faiths that predated Islam. \nUnitarianism is also known for the rejection of several other Western Christian doctrines, including the doctrines of original sin, predestination, and the infallibility of the Bible.Unitarianism might be considered a part of Protestantism, depending on one's stance or viewpoint, and some exclude it from that term due to its rejection of the Trinity. Despite common origins during the Protestant Reformation, some scholars call it a part of Nontrinitarianism, while others consider it both Protestant and Nontrinitarian, seeing no contradiction between those two terms. None of the three views is universally accepted.\nThe Unitarian movement is tied to the more radical critiques of the Reformation. First organized in Eastern Europe during the Reformation, Unitarian communities have developed in Britain, South Africa, India, Canada, the United States, Jamaica, Nigeria, and Japan.\nUnitarians began almost simultaneously in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth and in Transylvania in the mid-16th century. Among the adherents were a significant number of Italians who took refuge in Poland. In the 17th century, significant repression in Poland led many Unitarians to flee or be killed for their faith, notably Katarzyna Weiglowa. From the 16th to 18th centuries, Unitarians in Britain often faced significant political persecution, including John Biddle, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Theophilus Lindsey. In England, the first Unitarian Church was established in 1774 on Essex Street, London, where today's British Unitarian headquarters are still located.In the United States, different schools of Unitarian theology first spread in New England and the mid-Atlantic states. The first official acceptance of the Unitarian faith on the part of a congregation in America was by King's Chapel in Boston, from where James Freeman began teaching Unitarian doctrine in 1784, and was appointed rector and revised the prayer book according to Unitarian doctrines in 1786.In India, three different schools of Unitarian thought influenced varying movements, including the Brahmo Samaj, the Unitarian Church of the Khasi Hills, and the Unitarian Christian Church of Chennai, in Madras, founded in 1795.Unitarians place emphasis on the ultimate role of reason in interpreting sacred scriptures, and thus freedom of conscience and freedom of the pulpit are core values in the tradition. Reformation is an ongoing process, to be celebrated. Constant study and new experiences can lead to new insights for teachings and community practice. In varying contexts, Unitarians seek to affirm the use of reason in religion and freedom of conscience.\nIn J. Gordon Melton's Encyclopedia of American Religions, the Unitarian tradition is classified among \"the 'liberal' family of churches\".", "Q225958": "Universal Soldier: The Return is a 1999 American science fiction action film directed by Mic Rodgers in his directorial debut, and written by William Malone and John Fasano. The film stars Jean-Claude Van Damme, Michael Jai White, Bill Goldberg, Heidi Schanz, Kiana Tom and Xander Berkeley. The film was released in the United States on August 20, 1999. This was Jean-Claude Van Damme's last widely released film until 2012's The Expendables 2.\nIt is the second theatrical film in the Universal Soldier series, preceded by two made-for-TV movies, Universal Soldier II: Brothers in Arms and Universal Soldier III: Unfinished Business. The film was received with negative reviews and was a box office bomb. Subsequent films in the series ignore the events of The Return and contradict it in some places throughout the series; as such it is no longer considered part of the series' canon.\n\n", "Q1010586": "Buren Bayaer (6 March 1960 \u2013 19 September 2018) was a Chinese singer, composer and journalist from Inner Mongolia. He was an ethnic Mongol.", "Q1258552": "Celtic Christianity refers broadly to certain features of Christianity that were common, or held to be common, across the Celtic-speaking world during the Early Middle Ages. Celtic Christianity has been conceived of with differing levels of specificity: some writers have described a distinct Celtic Church uniting the Celtic peoples and distinguishing them from the Roman Church, while others classify it as simply a set of distinctive practices occurring in those areas. Varying scholars reject the former notion, but note that there were certain traditions and practices present in both the Irish and British churches that were not seen in the wider Christian world.Such practices include: a distinctive system for determining the dating of Easter, a style of monastic tonsure, a unique system of penance, and the popularity of going into \"exile for Christ\". Additionally, there were other practices that developed in certain parts of Britain and Ireland, that were not known to have spread beyond particular regions. The term typically denotes the regional practices among the insular churches and their associates, rather than actual theological differences.\nThe term \"Celtic Church\" is deprecated by many historians as it implies a unified and identifiable entity entirely separate from that of mainstream Western Christendom. For this reason, many prefer the term \"Insular Christianity\". As Patrick Wormald explained, \"One of the common misconceptions is that there was a Roman Church to which the Celtic Church was nationally opposed.\"Popularized by German historian Lutz von Padberg, the term \"Iroschottisch\" is used to describe this supposed dichotomy between Irish-Scottish and Roman Christianity. As a whole, Celtic-speaking areas were part of Latin Christendom at a time when there was significant regional variation of liturgy and structure. But a general collective veneration of the Papacy was no less intense in Celtic-speaking areas.Nonetheless, distinctive traditions developed and spread to both Ireland and Britain, especially in the 6th and 7th centuries. Some elements may have been introduced to Ireland by the Romano-British St. Patrick, and later, others from Ireland to Britain through the Irish mission system of Saint Columba. However, the histories of the Irish, Welsh, Scots, Breton, Cornish, and Manx Churches diverge significantly after the 8th century. Interest in the subject has led to a series of \"Celtic Christian Revival\" movements, which have shaped popular perceptions of the Celts and their religious practices, most notably Celtomania.", "Q1035": "Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12 February 1809 \u2013 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. His proposition that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors is now widely accepted, and considered a foundational concept in science. In a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, he introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history, and he was honoured by burial in Westminster Abbey.Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and a majority of the educated public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations which gave only a minor role to natural selection, and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life.Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on HMS Beagle established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's conception of gradual geological change, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.Puzzled by the geographical distribution of wildlife and fossils he collected on the voyage, Darwin began detailed investigations, and in 1838 conceived his theory of natural selection. Although he discussed his ideas with several naturalists, he needed time for extensive research and his geological work had priority. He was writing up his theory in 1858 when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay that described the same idea, prompting immediate joint publication of both of their theories. Darwin's work established evolutionary descent with modification as the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature. In 1871 he examined human evolution and sexual selection in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, followed by The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872). His research on plants was published in a series of books, and in his final book, The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Actions of Worms (1881), he examined earthworms and their effect on soil.", "Q255267": "Ainhoa Arteta Ibarrolaburu (born 24 September 1964 at Tolosa, Basque province of Gipuzkoa) is a Spanish classical singer.", "Q120126": "Inge Feltrinelli (n\u00e9e Sch\u00f6nthal; 24 November 1930 \u2013 20 September 2018) was a German-born Italian photographer and director, who with her son Carlo ran the Italian publishing house Giangiacomo Feltrinelli Editore.", "Q15615": "Dwayne Michael Carter Jr. (born September 27, 1982), known professionally as Lil Wayne, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record executive, entrepreneur, and actor. His career began in 1996, at the age of 13, when he was discovered by Birdman and joined Cash Money Records as the youngest member of the label. He joined the southern hip hop group Hot Boys, with Cash Money label-mates Juvenile and Turk, in 1997, who became popular following the release of the album Guerrilla Warfare (1999) and the song \"Bling Bling\". For many years, Lil Wayne was the flagship artist of Cash Money Records, before ending his long-tenured deal with the company in June 2018.Lil Wayne's solo debut album Tha Block Is Hot (1999) was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). He reached higher popularity with his fourth album Tha Carter (2004), as well as with his appearance on the song \"Soldier\" with Destiny's Child that same year. The album was followed by Tha Carter II (2005), as well as several mixtapes and collaborations throughout 2006 and 2007. Lil Wayne gained more prominence with his sixth album Tha Carter III (2008), which became his most successful album to date, with first-week sales of over one million copies in the US. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and included successful singles \"Lollipop\", \"A Milli\" and \"Got Money\".\nFollowing the success of Tha Carter III, Wayne decided to record a rock-influenced album titled Rebirth. In March 2010, Lil Wayne began serving an 8-month jail sentence in New York after being convicted of criminal possession of a weapon stemming from an incident in July 2007. His eighth studio album I Am Not a Human Being (2010) was released during his incarceration, while his 2011 album Tha Carter IV was released following his release. Tha Carter IV sold 964,000 copies in its first week in the United States, and included the singles \"6 Foot 7 Foot\", \"How to Love\" and \"She Will\". His twelfth studio album Tha Carter V was released in 2018 after multiple delays. It went on to be certified Platinum by the RIAA. Wayne's thirteenth album, Funeral, was released in early 2020.Lil Wayne has sold over 120 million records worldwide, including more than 15 million albums and 37 million digital tracks in the United States, making him one of the world's best-selling music artists. He has won five Grammy Awards, 11 BET Awards, four Billboard Music Awards, two MTV Video Music Awards and eight NAACP Image Awards. On September 27, 2012, he became the first male artist to surpass Elvis Presley with the most entries on the Billboard Hot 100, with 109 songs. Lil Wayne also currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of his own label, Young Money Entertainment.\n\n", "Q461399": "Carole Laure O.C. (born August 5, 1948) is an actress and singer from Quebec, Canada.", "Q107599": "Alice Martha Treff (4 June 1906 \u2013 8 February 2003) was a German film actress. She appeared in more than 120 films between 1932 and 2001. She was born and died in Berlin, Germany.\n\n", "Q72856": "Rudolf Kirchschl\u00e4ger, GColIH (German: [\u02c8\u0281u\u02d0d\u0254lf \u02c8k\u026a\u0281\u00e7\u02cc\u0283l\u025b\u02d0\u0261\u0250] (listen); 20 March 1915 \u2013 30 March 2000) was an Austrian diplomat, politician and judge. From 1974 to 1986 he served as President of Austria.", "Q204996": "Bridget of Sweden (c. 1303 \u2013 23 July 1373); born as Birgitta Birgersdotter, also Birgitta of Vadstena, or Saint Birgitta (Swedish: heliga Birgitta), was a mystic and saint, and founder of the Bridgettines nuns and monks after the death of her husband of twenty years. Outside of Sweden, she was also known as the Princess of Nericia and was the mother of Catherine of Vadstena. (Though normally named as Bridget of Sweden, she was not a member of Swedish royalty.)\nShe is one of the six patron saints of Europe, together with Benedict of Nursia, Saints Cyril and Methodius, Catherine of Siena and Edith Stein.", "Q43453": "Plze\u0148 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8pl\u0329z\u025b\u0272] (listen); German and English: Pilsen, ) is a city in the Czech Republic. About 90 kilometres (56 miles) west of Prague in western Bohemia, it is the fourth most populous city in the Czech Republic.\nThe city is known worldwide for Pilsner beer, created by Bavarian brewer Josef Groll here in 1842.", "Q281988": "The Sacrifice (Swedish: Offret) is a 1986 drama film written and directed by Andrei Tarkovsky. Starring Erland Josephson, it centers on a middle-aged intellectual who attempts to bargain with God to stop an impending nuclear holocaust. The Sacrifice was Tarkovsky's third film as a Soviet expatriate, after Nostalghia and the documentary Voyage in Time, and was also his last, as he died shortly after its completion. Like 1972's Solaris, it won the Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival.", "Q97164": "Leopold Engel was a German writer and occultist.\n\n", "Q175669": "Stijn Streuvels (3 October 1871, Heule, Kortrijk - 15 August 1969, Ingooigem, Anzegem), born Franciscus (Frank) Petrus Maria Lateur, was a Belgian writer.", "Q57426": "Heiner M\u00fcller (German: [ha\u026an\u0250 m\u028fl\u0250]; 9 January 1929 \u2013 30 December 1995) was a German (formerly East German) dramatist, poet, writer, essayist and theatre director. His \"enigmatic, fragmentary pieces\" are a significant contribution to postmodern drama and postdramatic theatre.", "Q206159": "Psychedelic rock, also referred to as psychedelia, is a diverse style of rock music inspired, influenced, or representative of psychedelic culture, which is centred on perception-altering hallucinogenic drugs. The music is intended to replicate and enhance the mind-altering experiences of psychedelic drugs, most notably LSD. Many psychedelic groups differ in style, and the label is often applied spuriously.Originating in the mid-1960s among British and American musicians, the sound of psychedelic rock invokes three core effects of LSD: depersonalization, dechronicization, and dynamization, all of which detach the user from reality. Musically, the effects may be represented via novelty studio tricks, electronic or non-Western instrumentation, disjunctive song structures, and extended instrumental segments. Some of the earlier 1960s psychedelic rock musicians were based in folk, jazz, and the blues, while others showcased an explicit Indian classical influence called \"raga rock.\" In the 1960s, there existed two main variants of the genre: the whimsical British pop-psychedelia and the harder American West Coast acid rock. While \"acid rock\" is sometimes deployed interchangeably with the term \"psychedelic rock,\" it also refers more specifically to the heavier and more extreme ends of the genre.\nThe peak years of psychedelic rock were between 1967 and 1969, with milestone events including the 1967 Summer of Love and the 1969 Woodstock Rock Festival, becoming an international musical movement associated with a widespread counterculture before beginning a decline as changing attitudes, the loss of some key individuals, and a back-to-basics movement led surviving performers to move into new musical areas. The genre bridged the transition from early blues and folk-based rock to progressive rock and hard rock, and as a result contributed to the development of sub-genres such as heavy metal. Since the late 1970s it has been revived in various forms of neo-psychedelia.", "Q3622": "Beno\u00eet Potier (born 3 September 1957) is a French businessman who has been serving as CEO of the French multinational industrial gas company Air Liquide since 2006.", "Q323483": "Melvin Lee Greenwood (born October 27, 1942) is an American country music artist. Active since 1962, he has released more than 20 major-label albums and has charted more than 35 singles on the Billboard country music charts.\nGreenwood is known for his patriotic signature song \"God Bless the U.S.A.\", which was originally released and successful in 1984, and became popular again during the Gulf War in 1991 and after the September 11, 2001 attacks (becoming his highest charting pop hit, reaching number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100). He also has charted seven number-ones on the US Hot Country Songs list in his career: \"Somebody's Gonna Love You\", \"Going, Going, Gone\", \"Dixie Road\", \"I Don't Mind the Thorns (If You're the Rose)\", \"Don't Underestimate My Love For You\", \"Hearts Aren't Made to Break (They're Made to Love)\", and \"Mornin' Ride\". His 1983 single \"I.O.U.\" was also a top-five hit on the adult contemporary charts, and a number 53 on the Hot 100.", "Q71387": "Nossrat Peseschkian (Persian: \u0646\u0635\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200e; June 18, 1933 \u2013 April 27, 2010) lived in Germany since 1954. He was a specialist in neurology, psychiatry, psychotherapy and psychosomatic medicine. Peseschkian founded Positive Psychotherapy in 1968, based on a cross-cultural approach; he was also the founder of the Wiesbaden Academy of Psychotherapy (WIAP), a German-state licensed postgraduate institute of psychotherapy (since 1971).", "Q18331": "Docking the Boat (Swedish: Att ang\u00f6ra en brygga, or sometimes: To Go Ashore) is a Swedish dark comedy film from 1965 directed by Tage Danielsson. The film stars G\u00f6sta Ekman, Monica Zetterlund, Hans Alfredson, Lars Ekborg and Birgitta Andersson. Monica Zetterlund also performed the theme song.", "Q1193843": "Ruff Ryders is a record label founded by Joaquin \"Waah\" Dean and Darin \"Dee\" Dean and Chivon Dean, uncles and aunt of producer Swizz Beatz. It operated as a subsidiary of Universal, and distributed by Fontana Distribution.", "Q1938474": "Miroslav Tadi\u0107, born 1959., is a guitarist, composer, improviser and music educator of Serbian origins.\nMiroslav Tadi\u0107 is a classically trained guitarist from the former Yugoslavia who is widely admired both for the individuality of his performance style as well as for his fluency in a variety of different musical idioms. In addition to a longstanding collaboration with drummer Mark Nauseef, Tadi\u0107 has performed and recorded with Terry Riley, the Los Angeles Opera with Pl\u00e1cido Domingo, Howard Levy, Joachim K\u00fchn, Dusan Bogdanovic, Vlatko Stefanovski, Rade \u0160erbed\u017eija, Theodosii Spassov, Kudsi Erguner, Djivan Gasparyan, Swapan Chaudhuri, L. Shankar, Markus Stockhausen, Maria Jo\u00e3o, David Torn, Jack Bruce, London Symphony Orchestra and the Grandmothers of Invention, among others. He performs regularly in Europe, Japan and the United States and made over 30 CDs for numerous labels including CMP Records, MA Recordings, Croatia Records, Enja Records, Leo Records, and Sony Classical.\nIn the January 1997 issue, the editors of Guitar Player magazine voted Tadi\u0107 one of the world's thirty most radical and individual guitarists.Tadi\u0107 has collaborated with accordionist Merima Klju\u010do and musician, poet and philosopher Rambo Amadeus, and composed scores for an award-winning Croatian feature film 72 Days and a documentary Dance of the Maize God. His chamber music and works for solo guitar are published by Les \u00c9ditions Doberman-Yppan.\nAdditionally, Tadi\u0107 teaches guitar, improvisation, and Balkan Music at the California Institute of the Arts in Los Angeles.Tadi\u0107 has played guitar in the Grande Mothers, together with Don Preston and Napoleon Murphy Brock.", "Q95773": "Annemarie Wendl (26 December 1914, Trostberg, Upper Bavaria, Bavaria \u2013 3 September 2006, Munich, Bavaria, Germany) was a German actress.\nWendl was born into an upper-class family in Bavaria and began her training as an actress in Berlin at Lucie H\u00f6flich's seminar. Afterwards, she played classical roles on stage in Berlin, Bonn, Augsburg, Innsbruck, Munich, Bamberg and Ingolstadt. In her youth, she played \"all sentimental characters\", such as Faust's Gretchen and Emilia Galotti. Later she played character roles, such as Adelheid in G\u00f6tz von Berlichingen, Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire, Maria Stuart in the play by Schiller and the title role in Brecht's Mother Courage. Her last theatrical works were The Widow in the Green Tree (1997) and Sanssouci in 2001.Wendl began working in film in 1961 and made more than 35 films and TV productions. During her long career on the big screen, Wendl was seen in both soft-porn movies (Graf Porno), as well as some movies of Rainer Werner Fassbinder (1976's I Only Want You To Love Me). Her television work includes series like Die f\u00fcnfte Kolonne, Meister Eder und sein Pumuckl and Der Kommissar, where she made guest appearances in a few episodes.Wendl was best known for her role as \"Else Kling\" in the German weekly soap opera Lindenstra\u00dfe, which started in December 1985. She appeared in the first episode Herzlich Willkommen and remained in the series' cast until May 2006. Her character, Else Kling, lost her husband, Egon Kling, in a car accident in Paris, France in 1998. In the episode \"Abschied und Ankunft\" (#1069), Else Kling died.She was called \"the nation's caretaker\" or also \"the nation's worst blabbermouth\" (due to her character's habit of unceasingly spreading gossip). She appeared in some commercials depicting Else Kling and sang rap songs. She published two CDs, Du Depp in 1993 and Else Goes Dance in 1995. Else Kling was often compared to J.R. Ewing.Privately, Wendl worked with young people and liked to wear fashionable clothes. On the Lindenstra\u00dfe homepage her birthday was initially given as 26 December 1921 or 1922 until she turned 90 in 2004. An official correction was published, revealing that Wendl was eight years older than her character (Else Kling was born on 14 May 1922, and died on 25 May 2006 at the age of 84). In 2005, Wendl suffered a stroke and had three bouts of pneumonia, which caused her to cease work on Lindenstra\u00dfe. After her character's death, Wendl received coverage in the yellow press quite regularly, most notably about her health.Wendl, who was married to Siegmar Kleinschmidt from 1942 until his death in 1944, lived in Munich and died at age 91 in 2006. She was survived by her son. Her fellow actors from Lindenstrasse, including Marie-Luise Marjan, Bill Mockridge, and Hans W. Gei\u00dfend\u00f6rfer, attended her funeral.", "Q145972": "Zamo\u015b\u0107 (Polish: [\u02c8zam\u0254\u0255t\u0255] (listen); Yiddish: \u05d6\u05d0\u05de\u05d0\u05e9\u05d8\u05e9\u200e, romanized: Zamoshtsh; Latin: Zamoscia) is a historical city in southeastern Poland and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is situated in the southern part of Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999), about 90 km (56 mi) from Lublin, 247 km (153 mi) from Warsaw. In 2014, the population was 65,149.\nThe historical centre of Zamo\u015b\u0107 was added to the World Heritage List in 1992, following a decision of the sixteenth ordinary session of the World Heritage Committee, held between 7 and 14 December 1992 in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States. As described by UNESCO: \n\nZamo\u015b\u0107 is a unique example of a Renaissance town in Central Europe, consistently designed and built in accordance with the Italian theories of the \"ideal town,\" on the basis of a plan which was the result of perfect cooperation between the open-minded founder, Jan Zamoyski, and the outstanding architect, Bernardo Morando. Zamo\u015b\u0107 is an outstanding example of an innovative approach to town planning, combining the functions of an urban ensemble, a residence, and a fortress in accordance with a consistently implemented Renaissance concept. The result of this is a stylistically homogeneous urban composition with a high level of architectural and landscape values. A real asset of this great construction was its creative enhancement with local artistic architectural achievements.\nZamo\u015b\u0107 is about 20 kilometres (12 miles) from the Roztocze National Park.", "Q180390": "Thomas Dale DeLay (; born April 8, 1947) is an American author and former politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Texas's 22nd congressional district from 1985 until 2006. He was Republican Party (GOP) House Majority Leader from 2003 to 2005.\nDeLay began his career as a politician in 1978 when he was elected to the Texas House of Representatives. In 1988, he was appointed Deputy Minority Whip. In 1994 he helped Newt Gingrich orchestrate the Republican Revolution, which gave the Republicans the victory in the 1994 midterm election and swept Democrats from power in both houses of Congress, putting Republicans in control of the House of Representatives for the first time in forty years. In 1995, he was elected House Majority Whip. With the Republicans in control of both chambers in Congress, DeLay, along with conservative activist Grover Norquist, helped start the K Street Project, an effort to advance Republican ideals. DeLay was elected House Majority Leader after the 2002 midterm elections. DeLay was known as a staunch conservative during his years in Congress.\nIn 2005, DeLay was indicted on criminal charges of conspiracy to violate election law in 2002 by a Travis County grand jury after he waived his rights under the statutes of limitations. In accordance with Republican Caucus rules, DeLay temporarily resigned from his position as House Majority Leader and later, announced that he would not seek to return to the position. He resigned his seat in Congress in June 2006. He was convicted in January 2011 and sentenced to three years in prison but was free on bail while appealing his conviction. The trial court's judgment was overturned by the Texas Court of Appeals, an intermediate appellate court, on September 19, 2013, with a ruling that \"the evidence in the case was 'legally insufficient to sustain DeLay's convictions'\", and DeLay was formally acquitted. The State of Texas appealed the acquittal to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. On October 1, 2014, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed the appellate court decision overturning DeLay's conviction.After leaving Congress, DeLay co-authored, with Stephen Mansfield, a political memoir, No Retreat, No Surrender: One American's Fight. He founded the lobbying firm, First Principles, LLC.\n\n", "Q738532": "William Playfair (22 September 1759 \u2013 11 February 1823), a Scottish engineer and political economist, served as a secret agent on behalf of Great Britain during its war with France. The founder of graphical methods of statistics, Playfair invented several types of diagrams: in 1786 the line, area and bar chart of economic data, and in 1801 the pie chart and circle graph, used to show part-whole relations. As secret agent, Playfair reported on the French Revolution and organized a clandestine counterfeiting operation in 1793 to collapse the French currency.\n\n", "Q584301": "A bassist, or bass player, is a musician who plays a bass instrument such as a double bass (upright bass, contrabass, wood bass), bass guitar, synthbass, keyboard bass or a low brass instrument such as a tuba or sousaphone. Different musical genres tend to be associated with one or more of these instruments. Since the 1960s, the electric bass has been the standard bass instrument for funk, R&B, soul music, rock and roll, reggae, jazz fusion, heavy metal, country and pop music. The double bass is the standard bass instrument for classical music, bluegrass, rockabilly, and most genres of jazz. Low brass instruments such as the tuba or sousaphone are the standard bass instrument in Dixieland and New Orleans-style jazz bands.\nDespite the associations of different bass instruments with certain genres, there are exceptions. Some new rock bands and bassist used a double bass, such as Lee Rocker of Stray Cats, Barenaked Ladies and Tiger Army. Larry Graham, Bernard Edwards, Mick Hogan, Andy Fraser, and Mel Schacher used Electrick Bass guitar. Some funk, R&B and jazz, fusion groups use synth bass or keyboard bass rather than electric bass. Bootsy Collins, Stevie Wonder, Kashif and Kevin McCord(One Way) used synth bass. Some Dixieland bands use double bass or electric bass instead of a tuba. In some jazz groups and jam bands, the basslines are played by a Hammond organ player, who uses the bass pedal keyboard or the lower manual for the low notes.", "Q61194": "Peter Hacks (21 March 1928 \u2013 28 August 2003) was a German playwright, author, and essayist.\nHacks was born in Breslau (Wroc\u0142aw), Lower Silesia. Displaced by World War II, Hacks settled in Munich in 1947, where he made acquaintance with Thomas Mann and Bertolt Brecht. Hacks then followed Brecht to East Berlin in 1955. However, a continued cooperation between him and Brecht did not arise. From 1960 Hacks worked as a dramaturge at the Deutsches Theater (DT) in Berlin.\nWhen the staging of his play \"Die Sorgen und die Macht\" (1962) sparked criticism from officials, he gave up his position as a dramaturge at the DT and lived again as a freelance writer.\nHis success on the world stage \u2013 most notably with \"Ein Gespr\u00e4ch im Hause Stein \u00fcber den abwesenden Herrn von Goethe\" (A Discussion in the Stein Home about the Absent Mr. Goethe) \u2013 led to his literary acceptance within GDR and West-Germany.\nHacks was a communist and supported the East German government's 1976 expatriation of the singer Wolf Biermann. His correspondence with the communist historian Kurt Gossweiler has been published.\nHe won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis.\nHacks died in Gro\u00df Machnow.", "Q277978": "Christopher John Grace ( TOE-fer; born July 12, 1978) is an American actor. He is known for playing Eric Forman in the Fox sitcom That '70s Show, Eddie Brock / Venom in Sam Raimi's film Spider-Man 3, Pete Monash in Win a Date with Tad Hamilton!, Carter Duryea in In Good Company, Edwin in Predators, Getty in Interstellar, Adrian Yates in American Ultra, and David Duke in Spike Lee's film BlacKkKlansman. His other film roles include Traffic, Mona Lisa Smile, Valentine's Day, Take Me Home Tonight, The Big Wedding, War Machine and Breakthrough.", "Q124354": "The Staatliches Bauhaus (German: [\u02c8\u0283ta\u02d0tl\u026a\u00e7\u0259s \u02c8ba\u028a\u02ccha\u028as] (listen)), commonly known as the Bauhaus, was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts. The school became famous for its approach to design, which strove to combine beauty with function and attempted to unify the principles of mass production with individual artistic vision.The Bauhaus was founded by architect Walter Gropius in Weimar. The German term Bauhaus\u2014literally \"building house\"\u2014was understood as meaning \"School of Building\", but in spite of its name the Bauhaus did not initially have an architecture department. Nonetheless, it was founded upon the idea of creating a Gesamtkunstwerk (\"'total' work of art\") in which all the arts, including architecture, would eventually be brought together. The Bauhaus style later became one of the most influential currents in modern design, Modernist architecture and art, design, and architectural education. The Bauhaus movement had a profound influence upon subsequent developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and typography.The school existed in three German cities\u2014Weimar, from 1919 to 1925; Dessau, from 1925 to 1932; and Berlin, from 1932 to 1933\u2014under three different architect-directors: Walter Gropius from 1919 to 1928; Hannes Meyer from 1928 to 1930; and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe from 1930 until 1933, when the school was closed by its own leadership under pressure from the Nazi regime, having been painted as a centre of communist intellectualism. Although the school was closed, the staff continued to spread its idealistic precepts as they left Germany and emigrated all over the world.The changes of venue and leadership resulted in a constant shifting of focus, technique, instructors, and politics. For example, the pottery shop was discontinued when the school moved from Weimar to Dessau, even though it had been an important revenue source; when Mies van der Rohe took over the school in 1930, he transformed it into a private school and would not allow any supporters of Hannes Meyer to attend it.", "Q66837": "Diesse is a former municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).\nThe proposed merger of the municipalities of Diesse, Lamboing, Nods, and Pr\u00eales into the new municipality of Le Plateau de Diesse was rejected by voters. However, on 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Diesse, Lamboing, and Pr\u00eales merged into the new municipality of Plateau de Diesse.", "Q549373": "Kerri Camar Chandler (born 28 September 1969) is an American house DJ and record producer. He also serves on the Advisory Council of Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI).", "Q11467": "Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys.\nMetallurgy encompasses both the science and the technology of metals. That is, the way in which science is applied to the production of metals, and the engineering of metal components used in products for both consumers and manufacturers. Metallurgy is distinct from the craft of metalworking. Metalworking relies on metallurgy in a similar manner to how medicine relies on medical science for technical advancement. A specialist practitioner of metallurgy is known as a Metallurgist. \nThe science of metallurgy is subdivided into two broad categories: chemical metallurgy and physical metallurgy. Chemical metallurgy is chiefly concerned with the reduction and oxidation of metals, and the chemical performance of metals. Subjects of study in chemical metallurgy include mineral processing, the extraction of metals, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and chemical degradation (corrosion). In contrast, physical metallurgy focuses on the mechanical properties of metals, the physical properties of metals, and the physical performance of metals. Topics studied in physical metallurgy include crystallography, material characterization, mechanical metallurgy, phase transformations, and failure mechanisms.Historically, metallurgy has predominately focused on the production of metals. Metal production begins with the processing of ores to extract the metal, and includes the mixture of metals to make alloys. Metal alloys are often a blend of at least two different metallic elements. However, non-metallic elements are often added to alloys in order to achieve properties suitable for an application. The study of metal production is subdivided into ferrous metallurgy (also known as black metallurgy) and non-ferrous metallurgy (also known as colored metallurgy).\nFerrous metallurgy involves processes and alloys based on iron while non-ferrous metallurgy involves processes and alloys based on other metals. The production of ferrous metals accounts for 95 percent of world metal production.Modern metallurgists work in both emerging and traditional areas as part of an interdisciplinary team alongside material scientists, and other engineers. Some traditional areas include mineral processing, metal production, heat treatment, failure analysis, and the joining of metals (including welding, brazing, and soldering). Emerging areas for metallurgists include nanotechnology, superconductors, composites, biomedical materials, electronic materials (semiconductors), and surface engineering.", "Q435904": "George Hartley Bryan FRS (1 March 1864 \u2013 13 October 1928) was an English applied mathematician who was an authority on thermodynamics and aeronautics. He was born in Cambridge, and was educated at Peterhouse College, Cambridge, obtaining his BA in 1886 (as 5th wrangler), MA in 1890, and DSc in 1896. He was a professor at University College of North Wales, and is generally credited with developing the modern mathematical treatment of the motion of airplanes in flight as rigid bodies with six degrees of freedom. \nAside from minor differences in notation, Bryan's 1911 equations are the same as those used today to evaluate modern aircraft. (Perhaps surprisingly, Bryan's equations\u2014published just eight years after the first aircraft flew\u2014are most accurate when applied to supersonic jets.) In evaluating aircraft mathematically, Bryan focused on issues of aerodynamic stability rather than on control; stability and control of an aircraft tend to lie on opposite ends of the same spectrum. Bryan's aeronautic results were an extension of his earlier work in fluid dynamics. In 1888, Bryan developed mathematical models for fluid pressures within a pipe and for external buckling pressures. These models are still used today.\nIn 1890, Bryan discovered the so-called \"wave inertia effect\" in axi-symmetric thin elastic shells. This effect is the theoretical basis for modern solid-state gyroscopy using hemispherical or \"wine-glass\" resonators, which were elaborated by Dr. David D. Lynch, et al. almost a century after Bryan's original discovery. These novel, precise sensors are now developed in the United States, Ukraine, Singapore, Republic of Korea, France, RF, South Africa, and mainland China. They are used for satellite guidance systems, among other applications.\nBryan's seismologic studies of Coriolis effects in massive liquid spheres have received experimental confirmation from data collected by seismologic stations set up to detect nuclear explosions in the aftermath of World War II, as well as from seismographic data from the Great Chilean earthquake of 1960. He died in Bordighera, Italy, aged 64.", "Q134147": "Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the United Kingdom and the United States during the mid- to late-1950s. The movement presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane mass-produced cultural objects. One of its aims is to use images of popular (as opposed to elitist) culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any culture, most often through the use of irony. It is also associated with the artists' use of mechanical means of reproduction or rendering techniques. In pop art, material is sometimes visually removed from its known context, isolated, or combined with unrelated material.Among the early artists that shaped the pop art movement were Eduardo Paolozzi and Richard Hamilton in Britain, and Larry Rivers, Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns among others in the United States. Pop art is widely interpreted as a reaction to the then-dominant ideas of abstract expressionism, as well as an expansion of those ideas. Due to its utilization of found objects and images, it is similar to Dada. Pop art and minimalism are considered to be art movements that precede postmodern art, or are some of the earliest examples of postmodern art themselves.Pop art often takes imagery that is currently in use in advertising. Product labeling and logos figure prominently in the imagery chosen by pop artists, seen in the labels of Campbell's Soup Cans, by Andy Warhol. Even the labeling on the outside of a shipping box containing food items for retail has been used as subject matter in pop art, as demonstrated by Warhol's Campbell's Tomato Juice Box, 1964 (pictured).", "Q443892": "Jessica Hilda Mauboy (born 4 August 1989) is an Australian R&B and pop singer, songwriter, and actress. Born and raised in Darwin, Northern Territory, Mauboy rose to fame in 2006 on the fourth season of Australian Idol; she became the runner-up and subsequently signed a recording contract with Sony Music Australia. After releasing a live album of her Idol performances and briefly being a member of the girl group Young Divas in 2007, Mauboy released her debut studio album, Been Waiting, the following year. It earned Mauboy her first number-one single \"Burn\", became the second highest-selling Australian album of 2009, and was certified double platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA).\nMauboy's second studio album, Get 'Em Girls (2010), showcased a more hard-edged R&B sound than her previous release, and produced four platinum singles. Her third studio album, Beautiful (2013), which explored a mixture of dance-oriented tracks with R&B and pop, included the top-ten hits \"Pop a Bottle (Fill Me Up)\", \"Never Be the Same\" and \"Can I Get a Moment?\". Aside from her music career, Mauboy has also ventured into acting, with starring roles in films Bran Nue Dae (2010) and The Sapphires (2012), which earned her the AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. She returned to acting in 2016, playing the lead role in the television drama series The Secret Daughter for two seasons. It was Mauboy's first major TV role and was written especially for her. Mauboy released two accompanying soundtrack albums for The Secret Daughter, the first of which made her the first Indigenous artist to achieve a number-one album on the ARIA Albums Chart. Her fourth studio album, Hilda (October 2019), debuted at number one.\nMauboy is one of Australia's most successful female artists. She has achieved six top-ten albums (including two number-ones) and 16 top-twenty singles (including 9 top-ten hits). She has won two ARIA Music Awards from 25 nominations, and was ranked sixteenth on the Herald Sun's list of the \"100 Greatest Australian Singers of All Time\". Mauboy has collaborated with several international artists such as Flo Rida, Snoop Dogg, Ludacris, Jay Sean, and Pitbull. She has also toured with Beyonc\u00e9 and Chris Brown, and performed at many notable events, including the Australian visits for Oprah Winfrey, Ellen DeGeneres, and US President Barack Obama. Mauboy was a guest performer at the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest in 2014. She competed for Australia at the 2018 Eurovision Song Contest and reached 20th place.\nJessica's 2019 album \u201cHilda\u201d debuted at #1 on the ARIA Charts.", "Q2418669": "Theodore Newman Kaufman (February 22, 1910 \u2013 April 1, 1986), sometimes given incorrectly as Theodore Nathan Kaufmann, was an American Jewish businessman and writer known for his racist and eliminationist views on Germans.\nIn 1939, he published pamphlets as \"chairman of the American Federation of Peace\" that argued that Americans should be sterilized so that their children will no longer have to fight in foreign wars.In 1941, he wrote and published Germany Must Perish! which called for the sterilization of the German people and the distribution of the German lands. The text was used extensively in Nazi propaganda, often as a justification for the persecution of Jews and was specifically cited as a reason to round up the Jews of Hanover, Germany.", "Q220834": "Joe Eszterhas (; Hungarian: [\u02c8jo\u02d0\u0292\u025bf \u02c8\u025bst\u025brha\u02d0\u0283]; born November 23, 1944) is a Hungarian-American writer. He wrote the screenplays for the films Flashdance, Jagged Edge, Basic Instinct and Showgirls. He has also written several books, including an autobiography entitled Hollywood Animal, American Rhapsody and Crossbearer: A Memoir of Faith.\n\n", "Q472497": "Valery Victorovich Ryumin (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d; born 16 August 1939 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur) is a former Soviet cosmonaut.", "Q741783": "Marian Mazur (Radom, December 7, 1909 \u2013 Warsaw, January 21, 1983) was a Polish scientist who specialized in electrothermics and cybernetics, and the founding father of the Polish school of cybernetics.", "Q594106": "Jonathan Moss Tucker (born May 31, 1982) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in the films The Virgin Suicides (1999), The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003), Hostage (2005), In the Valley of Elah (2007), The Ruins (2008), and Charlie's Angels (2019). He has appeared in the television series The Black Donnellys (2007), Parenthood (2011\u20132013), Kingdom (2014\u20132017), Justified (2015), Snowfall (2018), and Westworld (2018).", "Q164770": "Greed in the Sun (French: Cent mille dollars au soleil) is a 1964 French-Italian adventure film directed by Henri Verneuil. The film was entered into the 1964 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q761453": "Oliver Hazard Perry La Farge II (December 19, 1901 \u2013 August 2, 1963) was an American writer and anthropologist. During 1925 he explored early Olmec sites in Mexico, and later studied additional sites in Central America and the American Southwest. In addition to more than 15 scholarly works, mostly about Native Americans, he wrote several novels, including the Pulitzer Prize-winning, Laughing Boy (1929). In addition, La Farge's short stories were published in the magazines The New Yorker and Esquire. \nHis more notable works, both fiction and non-fiction, emphasize Native American culture. He was most familiar with the Navajo people, had a speaking knowledge of their language and was nicknamed by them 'Anast'harzi Nez', i.e. \"Tall Cliff-Dweller\".", "Q444125": "Diana Blanche Barrymore Blythe (March 3, 1921 \u2013 January 25, 1960), known professionally as Diana Barrymore, was an American film and stage actress.", "Q720369": "Liquid Tension Experiment (LTE) was an instrumental progressive metal band founded by Mike Portnoy, then Dream Theater's drummer, in 1997. The band has released two albums through Magna Carta Records. A third album, with the absence of John Petrucci was released in 2007 under the name \"Liquid Trio Experiment\". A live album with the absence of Jordan Rudess (mostly) was released in 2009 under the name \"Liquid Trio Experiment 2\". Three live albums and two videos were released in 2009 by the complete band.", "Q381036": "Jacob Allen Abel (born November 18, 1987) is an American actor and singer who is known for playing Adam Milligan in the CW series Supernatural (2009\u201310, 2019), Luke Castellan in the film adaptation of Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (2010), and its sequel, Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters (2013), Mark James in the film adaptation of I Am Number Four (2011), Ian O'Shea in The Host (2013), and Mike Love in Love & Mercy.", "Q10779": "Zwenkau is a town in the district of Leipzig, in Saxony, Germany. Situated between the White Elster and Plei\u00dfe rivers, it nestles in the Leipzig Bay and includes parts of the conservation area Elsteraue and Central Germany's Street of Lignite. It is situated within the Central German Metropolitan Region.\n\n", "Q117946": "Timotheos \"Tim\" Frey (born 19 September 1972) is a Swiss politician and a political consultant. From February 2009 to June 2012, he was the secretary general of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC).", "Q214549": "Joseph Liouville FRS FRSE FAS (; French: [\u0292\u0254z\u025bf ljuvil]; 24 March 1809 \u2013 8 September 1882) was a French mathematician.", "Q126543": "Trojan Records is a British record label founded in 1968. It specialises in ska, rocksteady, reggae and dub music. The label currently operates under the Sanctuary Records Group. The name Trojan comes from the Croydon-built Trojan truck that was used as Duke Reid's sound system in Jamaica. The truck had \"Duke Reid - The Trojan King of Sounds\" painted on the sides, and the music played by Reid became known as the Trojan Sound.\n\n", "Q1021": "Kranj (pronounced [\u02c8k\u027e\u00e0\u02d0n] (listen), German: Krainburg) is the fourth-largest city in Slovenia, with a population of 37,313 (2018). It is located approximately 20 kilometres (12 miles) northwest of Ljubljana. The centre of the City Municipality of Kranj and of the traditional region of Upper Carniola (northwestern Slovenia) is a mainly industrial city with significant electronics and rubber industries.", "Q523814": "Pietro Tordi (12 July 1906 \u2013 14 December 1990) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in 100 films between 1942 and 1988. He was born in Florence, Italy.", "Q127885": "The Serbs (Serbian: \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438, romanized: Srbi, pronounced [sr\u0329\u0302bi]) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Southeastern Europe. The majority of Serbs inhabit their nation state of Serbia, as well as the disputed territory of Kosovo, as well as the neighboring countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Montenegro. They form significant minorities in North Macedonia and Slovenia. There is a large Serb diaspora in Western Europe, and outside Europe and there are significant communities in North America and Australia.\nThe Serbs share many cultural traits with the rest of the peoples of Southeast Europe. They are predominantly Eastern Orthodox Christians by religion. The Serbian language is official in Serbia, co-official in Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is spoken by the plurality in Montenegro.", "Q44328": "Karl Kraus (April 28, 1874 \u2013 June 12, 1936) was an Austrian writer and journalist, known as a satirist, essayist, aphorist, playwright and poet. He directed his satire at the press, German culture, and German and Austrian politics. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times.", "Q120132": "Adomn\u00e1n or Adamn\u00e1n of Iona (, Latin: Adamnanus, Adomnanus; c. 624 \u2013 704), also known as Eunan ( YEW-nahn; from Irish Naomh \u00c1dhamhn\u00e1n), was an abbot of Iona Abbey (r. 679\u2013704), hagiographer, statesman, canon jurist, and saint. He was the author of the most important book on the life of his cousin St Columba and the promulgator of the Law of Adomn\u00e1n or \"Law of Innocents\" (Latin: Lex Innocentium).", "Q88050": "Doris M\u00fchringer (18 September 1920 \u2013 26 May 2009) was an Austrian poet, short story writer, and children's writer. She has received a number of awards, and her contributions to Austrian poetry, which both are considered particularly significant.", "Q87363": "Franz Koller (born May 6, 1947 in Edlitz) is an Austrian farmer and politician (Freedom Party of Austria). Koller was a member of the National Council of Austria between 1996 and 1999 and afterwards until 2000 member of the Federal Council of Austria. \nKoller attended elementary school between 1953 and 1961 and an agricultural school between 1964 and 1966. In 1966 Koller started to work as a farmer in the agriculture of his parents and did his military service between 1967 and 1968. Since 1975 Koller is working as an independent farmer.\nKoller was from 1980 Member of the council of Grafendorf near Hartberg and was in 1982 elected as district party leader of the FP\u00d6 Hartberg. Koller was Member of the National Council of Austria between January 15 1996 and October 28 1999 and member of the Federal Council of Austria between November 16 1999 and November 6 2000.", "Q192780": "Abdullah I bin Al-Hussein (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u200e, Abd All\u0101h Al-Awal ibn Al-Husayn, February 1882 \u2013 20 July 1951) was the ruler of Jordan and its predecessor state, Transjordan, from 1921 until his assassination in 1951. He was Emir of Transjordan from 11 April 1921 to 25 May 1946 under a British mandate, and was king of an independent nation from 25 May 1946 until his assassination. According to Abdullah, he was a 38th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad as he belongs to the Hashemite family.\nBorn in Mecca, Hejaz, Ottoman Empire, Abdullah was the second of three sons of Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and his first wife Abdiyya bint Abdullah. He was educated in Istanbul and Hejaz. From 1909 to 1914, Abdullah sat in the Ottoman legislature, as deputy for Mecca, but allied with Britain during World War I. Between 1916 and 1918, he played a key role as architect and planner of the Great Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule that was led by his father Sharif Hussein. Abdullah personally led guerrilla raids on garrisons.Abdullah became emir to the Emirate of Transjordan in April 1921, which he established by his own initiative, and became king to its successor state, Jordan, after it gained its independence in 1948. Abdullah ruled until 1951 when he was assassinated in Jerusalem while attending Friday prayers at the entrance of the Al-Aqsa mosque by a Palestinian who feared that the King was going to make peace with Israel. He was succeeded by his eldest son Talal.", "Q907481": "Columbia Business School (CBS) is the business school of Columbia University in the City of New York in Manhattan, New York City. Established in 1916, Columbia Business School is one of the oldest business schools in the world. It is one of six Ivy League business schools.", "Q321280": "Richard John \"Dick\" Vitale (; born June 9, 1939), also known as \"Dickie V\", is an American basketball sportscaster. A former head coach in the college and professional ranks, he is well known as a college basketball broadcaster for ESPN. He is known for catchphrases such as \"This is awesome, baby!\" and \"diaper dandy\" (outstanding freshman player), as well as enthusiastic and colorful remarks he makes during games, and has written nine books and appeared in several movies.\n\n", "Q5149662": "Columbia College Chicago is a private college specializing in arts and media disciplines and located in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 1890, it has 6,195 students pursuing degrees in more than 60 undergraduate and graduate degree programs. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.Columbia College Chicago is the host institution of several affiliated educational, cultural, and research organizations, including the Center for Black Music Research, the Center for Book and Paper Arts, the Center for Community Arts Partnerships, the Dance Center of Columbia College Chicago, and the Museum of Contemporary Photography.\nColumbia College Chicago is not affiliated with Columbia University, Columbia College Hollywood, or any other Columbia College in the United States.", "Q8178443": "A libretto (lit. \"booklet\") is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical. The term libretto is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works, such as the Mass, requiem and sacred cantata, or the story line of a ballet.\nLibretto (pronounced [li\u02c8bretto]; plural libretti [li\u02c8bretti]), from Italian, is the diminutive of the word libro (\"book\"). Sometimes other-language equivalents are used for libretti in that language, livret for French works and Textbuch for German. A libretto is distinct from a synopsis or scenario of the plot, in that the libretto contains all the words and stage directions, while a synopsis summarizes the plot. Some ballet historians also use the word libretto to refer to the 15\u201340 page books which were on sale to 19th century ballet audiences in Paris and contained a very detailed description of the ballet's story, scene by scene.The relationship of the librettist (that is, the writer of a libretto) to the composer in the creation of a musical work has varied over the centuries, as have the sources and the writing techniques employed.\nIn the context of a modern English language musical theatre piece, the libretto is often referred to as the book of the work, though this usage typically excludes sung lyrics.", "Q159397": "Louis Botha (Afrikaans pronunciation: [\u02c8lu.i \u02c8b\u028a\u0259ta]; 27 September 1862 \u2013 27 August 1919) was a South African politician who was the first Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa\u2014the forerunner of the modern South African state. A Boer war hero during the Second Boer War, he would eventually fight to have South Africa become a British Dominion.\nIn 1905, as prime minister, he called for the newly discovered Cullinan Diamond to be presented to King Edward VII.\n\n", "Q8763": "Fibonacci (, also US: , Italian: [fibo\u02c8natt\u0283i]; c.\u20091170 \u2013 c.\u20091240\u201350), also known as Leonardo Bonacci, Leonardo of Pisa, or Leonardo Bigollo Pisano (\"Leonardo the Traveller from Pisa\"), was an Italian mathematician from the Republic of Pisa, considered to be \"the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages\".The name he is commonly called, Fibonacci, was made up in 1838 by the Franco-Italian historian Guillaume Libri and is short for filius Bonacci (\"son of Bonacci\"). However, even earlier in 1506 a notary of the Roman Empire Perizolo mentions Leonardo as \"Lionardo Fibonacci\".Fibonacci popularized the Hindu\u2013Arabic numeral system in the Western World primarily through his composition in 1202 of Liber Abaci (Book of Calculation). He also introduced Europe to the sequence of Fibonacci numbers, which he used as an example in Liber Abaci.\n\n", "Q97170": "Alexander Dahl (29 November 1892 \u2013 15 December 1978) was a German industrialist, author and balloonist. He is known for his pioneering balloon flights, he made 107 different ascents throughout his life, especially his 1933 high altitude balloon attempt.", "Q12608": "Hector Hodler (1 October 1887, in Geneva \u2013 31 March 1920, in Leysin, Switzerland) was a Swiss Esperantist who had a strong influence on the early Esperanto movement.\nHodler was a son of the Swiss painter Ferdinand Hodler, who after a period of poverty became suddenly very well-to-do. As a 16-year-old, Hector Hodler learned Esperanto with his classmate Edmond Privat, and founded soon afterward a club and the journal Juna Esperantisto (\"The Young Esperantist\"). The schoolbench was their editorial office for five years as they managed production, addressed copies and replied to correspondence. Sometime later they learned about Idiom Neutral and about Bolak, in order to convince themselves as to whether Esperanto was truly the \"best\" international language. Besides The Young Esperantist, he authored articles in Through the World and the translation of the novel Paul et Virginie (Paul and Virginia) by Bernardin de Saint Pierre (1905).\nIn 1906, on the occasion of the second World Congress of Esperanto organised by Hodler and Privat (born in 1889), he saw in the organizational proposals by Th\u00e9ophile Rousseau and Alphonse Carles for Esperanto consuls (konsuloj) a chance to realize his plan to organize reciprocal self-help among people of good will. This was the germ of the Universal Esperanto Association (in Esperanto, UEA: Universala Esperanto-Asocio) of which Hodler was a co-founder.\nIn 1907 he took over the editorship of Esperanto magazine from its founder Paul Berthelot and made it a significant journal dealing with organizational questions from the language community. Esperanto also included many articles about social life, similar to the present magazine Monato. He edited it for 13 years until his death, except for six months in 1914 during the First World War. It is still produced as a publication associated with the UEA. He authored and translated many important articles, and he suggested translating masterpieces instead of trivial things. He signed his articles with the initials A. R.\nThe proposals of Rousseau and Carles were melded with his plans, were discussed in his magazine and received a warm welcome. By the third World Esperanto Congress in 1907, there were already about 200 consuls (delegates). Hodler and others such as Th\u00e9ophile Rousseau founded the Universal Esperanto Association on 28 April 1908, and Hodler became General Director and Vice-President. He was a friend and colleague of Eduard Stettler, and Edmond Privat was one of his editors. Hodler wanted to use the magazine \"to create a strong bond of solidarity among members of diverse languages.\" During the war, Hodler, with the then secretary of the association Hans Jakob, organized the Wartime Assistance of the association.\nAfter the death of Harold Bolingbroke Mudie in 1916, the presidency of the World Esperanto Association was vacant until after the war, when Hodler was elected to succeed him.\nHodler was especially interested in social questions, pacifism and animal protection. Privat wrote about him: \"To that which the genius of Zamenhof initiated in the linguistic field, he added the necessary basis in the social field.\" According to an article by L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Halka in Enciklopedio de Esperanto, \"it is characteristic of his noble spirit and humanity that in Geneva he joined the local animal protection society, and that he said he would like to make the UEA an association to protect humans.\" In the last several years of his life, when he was already quite unhealthy, he turned mainly to scientific problems. In 1916 he wrote a 387-page work in French about the peaceful organization of peoples.\nAfter his death in 1920, he bequeathed to the UEA the magazine Esperanto and his Esperanto library, which nowadays bears his name, as well as a large sum of money to ensure its continued existence.", "Q357470": "Andrew David Morton (born 1953) is an English journalist and writer who has published biographies of royal figures such as Diana, Princess of Wales, and celebrity subjects including Tom Cruise, Madonna, Angelina Jolie and Monica Lewinsky; several of his books have been unauthorised and contain contested assertions.", "Q631270": "Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve-des-Bois Russian Cemetery (French: Cimeti\u00e8re russe de Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve-des-Bois) is part of the Cimeti\u00e8re de Liers and is called the Russian Orthodox cemetery, in Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve-des-Bois.", "Q130447": "Ian Joseph Somerhalder (born December 8, 1978) is an American actor, model, activist and director. He is known for playing Boone Carlyle in the TV drama Lost, Damon Salvatore in The CW's supernatural drama The Vampire Diaries and Dr. Luther Swann in Netflix's sci-fi horror series V Wars.", "Q45988": "Pancho Villa is a 1972 American, British and Spanish spaghetti western film directed by Eugenio Mart\u00edn. The film features Telly Savalas, Clint Walker, Chuck Connors and Anne Francis. Shot in Spain, this \"brawling spectacle\" has an often-overlooked light-comedy satirical facet, which to this day often confuses viewers. The storyline was developed during the Vietnam War and reflected certain antiwar sentiments in an American society.", "Q233848": "Clara Lou Sheridan (February 21, 1915 \u2013 January 21, 1967), known professionally as Ann Sheridan, was an American actress and singer. She worked regularly from 1934 until her death, first in film and later in television. Notable roles include San Quentin (1937) with Pat O'Brien and Humphrey Bogart, Angels with Dirty Faces (1938) with James Cagney and Bogart, They Drive by Night (1940) with George Raft and Bogart, The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942) with Monty Woolley, Kings Row (1942) with Ronald Reagan, Nora Prentiss (1947), and I Was a Male War Bride (1949) with Cary Grant.", "Q8005": "Josep Tarradellas i Joan (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bp t\u0259r\u0259\u02c8\u00f0e\u028e\u0259s]), 1st Marquess of Tarradellas (1899 in Cervell\u00f3, Baix Llobregat \u2013 1988 in Barcelona) was a Spanish politician.", "Q7336": "Otto Heinrich Frank (12 May 1889 \u2013 19 August 1980) was a German businessman who later became a resident of the Netherlands and Switzerland. He was the father of Anne and Margot Frank and husband of Edith Frank-Holl\u00e4nder, as the sole member of his family to survive the Holocaust. He inherited Anne's manuscripts after her death, arranged for the publication of her diary as The Diary of a Young Girl in 1947, and oversaw its transition to the stage and screen.", "Q349896": "Perouz Artin Kalfayan (Armenian: \u0553\u056b\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0566 \u0531\u0580\u0569\u056b\u0576 \u053f\u0561\u056c\u0586\u0561\u0575\u0561\u0576, 15 March 1943 \u2013 30 January 2016), better known as Feyrouz, was an Egyptian film child actress.\nKalfayan was born in Cairo, Egypt, on 15 March 1943, to an Armenian Egyptian family, who could trace their origins to Aleppo, Syria. Her sister, Nelly Kalfaian, also entered the entertainment industry. Her birth name, Perouz, was an Armenian name, likely a form of Feyrouz. She began her acting career very young, making her debut at the age of 7 in the 1950 film Yasmine. Egyptian director Anwar Wagdi was helpful to her in her career. She ultimately retired from acting at 15, in 1959, to wed Badreddine Gamgoum, an Egyptian Palestinian comedian. The couple had two children together, Iman and Ayman.", "Q97616": "Dan van Husen (born 30 April 1945) is a German actor who has also performed in Hollywood films.", "Q90179": "Ludwig Arndts von Arnesberg (19 August 1803, in Arnsberg, Prussia \u2013 1 March 1878, in Vienna) was a German jurist.\n\n", "Q131981": "George II (George Augustus; German: Georg II. August; 30 October / 9 November 1683O.S./N.S. \u2013 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg (Hanover) and a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 (O.S.) until his death in 1760.\nGeorge is the most recent British monarch born outside Great Britain: he was born and brought up in northern Germany. The Act of Settlement 1701 and the Acts of Union 1707 positioned his grandmother, Sophia of Hanover, and her Protestant descendants to inherit the British throne. After the deaths of Sophia and Anne, Queen of Great Britain, in 1714, his father, the Elector of Hanover, became George I of Great Britain. In the first years of his father's reign as king, George was associated with opposition politicians, until they rejoined the governing party in 1720.\nAs king from 1727, George exercised little control over British domestic policy, which was largely controlled by the Parliament of Great Britain. As elector, he spent twelve summers in Hanover, where he had more direct control over government policy. He had a difficult relationship with his eldest son, Frederick, who supported the parliamentary opposition. During the War of the Austrian Succession, George participated at the Battle of Dettingen in 1743, and thus became the last British monarch to lead an army in battle. In 1745 supporters of the Catholic claimant to the British throne, James Francis Edward Stuart (\"The Old Pretender\"), led by James's son Charles Edward Stuart (\"The Young Pretender\" or \"Bonnie Prince Charlie\"), attempted and failed to depose George in the last of the Jacobite rebellions. Frederick died unexpectedly in 1751, nine years before his father, so George II was ultimately succeeded by his grandson, George III.\nFor two centuries after George II's death, history tended to view him with disdain, concentrating on his mistresses, short temper, and boorishness. Since then, reassessment of his legacy has led scholars to conclude that he exercised more influence in foreign policy and military appointments than previously thought.", "Q54885": "Jean Ferrat (born Jean Tenenbaum, 26 December 1930 \u2013 13 March 2010) was a French singer-songwriter and poet. He specialized in singing poetry, particularly that of Louis Aragon. He had a left-wing sympathy that found its way into a few songs.", "Q14279": "Giovanni Domenico Cassini, also known as Jean-Dominique Cassini (8 June 1625 \u2013 14 September 1712) was an Italian (naturalised French) mathematician, astronomer and engineer. Cassini was born in Perinaldo, near Imperia, at that time in the County of Nice, part of the Savoyard state. Cassini is known for his work in the fields of astronomy and engineering. Cassini discovered four satellites of the planet Saturn and noted the division of the rings of Saturn; the Cassini Division was named after him. Giovanni Domenico Cassini was also the first of his family to begin work on the project of creating a topographic map of France.\nThe Cassini space probe, launched in 1997, was named after him and became the fourth to visit the planet Saturn and the first to orbit the planet.", "Q1066362": "Charles Wesley Robinson (September 7, 1919 \u2013 May 20, 2014) was an American entrepreneur who was involved with many successful business adventures in the mining and shipping industry. He also served as United States Deputy Secretary of State. He was president of CBTF Co. and M Ship Co., a board member of Nike and Chairman of Nike\u2019s Finance Committee.\n\n", "Q96508": "Recha Freier (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05d7\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05e8) born Recha Schweitzer, (October 29, 1892 in Norden, East Frisia \u2013 April 2, 1984 in Jerusalem) founded the Youth Aliyah organization in 1933. The organization saved the lives of 7,000 Jewish children by helping them to leave Nazi Germany for Mandatory Palestine before and during the Holocaust.Recha Freier was also a poet, musician, teacher and social activist.", "Q111489": "J\u00fcrgen Hardt (born 30 May 1963) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union. He currently serves as a member of the Bundestag.\n\n", "Q160270": "David Ricardo (18 April 1772 \u2013 11 September 1823) was a British political economist, one of the most influential of the classical economists along with Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith and James Mill.", "Q126225": "Michael Brant Shermer (born September 8, 1954) is an American science writer, historian of science, founder of The Skeptics Society, and editor-in-chief of its magazine Skeptic, which is largely devoted to investigating pseudoscientific and supernatural claims. The Skeptics Society currently has over 55,000 members. Shermer engages in debates on topics pertaining to pseudoscience and religion in which he emphasizes scientific skepticism.\nShermer is producer and co-host of the 13-hour Fox Family television series Exploring the Unknown which was broadcast in 1999. From April 2001 to January 2019, he was a monthly contributor to Scientific American magazine with his Skeptic column. He is also a scientific advisor to the American Council on Science and Health (ACSH).Shermer was once a fundamentalist Christian, but ceased to believe in the existence of God during his graduate studies. He accepts the labels agnostic, nontheist, atheist and others. He has expressed reservations about such labels for his lack of belief in a God, however, as he sees them being used in the service of \"pigeonholing\", and prefers to simply be called a skeptic. He also describes himself as an advocate for humanist philosophy as well as the science of morality.", "Q212886": "Stephen Tyrone Colbert ( kohl-BAIR; born May 13, 1964) is an American comedian, writer, producer, actor and television host. He is best known for hosting the satirical Comedy Central program The Colbert Report from 2005 to 2014 and the CBS talk program The Late Show with Stephen Colbert beginning in September 2015.Colbert originally studied to be a dramatic actor, but became interested in improvisational theater while attending Northwestern University, where he met Second City director Del Close. Colbert first performed professionally as an understudy for Steve Carell at Second City Chicago, where his troupe mates included Paul Dinello and Amy Sedaris, comedians with whom he developed the sketch comedy series Exit 57. He wrote and performed on the short-lived Dana Carvey Show before collaborating with Sedaris and Dinello again on the cult television series Strangers with Candy. He gained attention for his role on the latter as closeted gay history teacher Chuck Noblet.\nColbert's work as a correspondent on Comedy Central's news-parody series The Daily Show gained him wide recognition. In 2005, he left The Daily Show to host The Colbert Report. Following The Daily Show's news-parody concept, The Colbert Report was a parody of personality-driven political opinion shows including The O'Reilly Factor, in which he portrayed a caricatured version of conservative political pundits. The series became one of Comedy Central's highest-rated series, earning Colbert an invitation to perform as featured entertainer at the White House Correspondents' Association Dinner in 2006. After ending The Colbert Report, he was hired in 2015 to succeed retiring David Letterman as host of the Late Show on CBS. He hosted the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards in September 2017.\nColbert has won nine Primetime Emmy Awards, two Grammy Awards, and two Peabody Awards. Colbert was named one of Time's 100 Most Influential People in 2006 and 2012. Colbert's book, I Am America (And So Can You!), was listed No. 1 on The New York Times Best Seller list in 2007.", "Q644837": "Gerald Paul \"Jerry\" Carr (born August 22, 1932), (Col, USMC, Ret.), is an American mechanical and aeronautical engineer, former United States Marine Corps officer, naval aviator, and former NASA astronaut. He was Commander of Skylab 4, the third and final crewed visit to the Skylab Orbital Workshop, from November 16, 1973 to February 8, 1974.", "Q95001": "Katarzyna Bujakiewicz (pronounced [kata\u02c8\u0290\u0268na buja\u02c8k\u02b2\u025bvit\u0361\u0282]; born 28 September 1972 in Pozna\u0144) is a Polish actress. In 2003 she starred in the film An Ancient Tale: When the Sun Was a God under Jerzy Hoffman.", "Q1100795": "Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (IATA: CLE, ICAO: KCLE, FAA LID: CLE) is a public airport located in Cleveland, Ohio, 9 miles (14 km) southwest of the downtown area and adjacent to the Glenn Research Center, one of NASA's ten major field centers. It is the primary airport serving Greater Cleveland and Northeast Ohio, the largest and busiest airport in Ohio, and the 43rd busiest airport in the United States by passenger numbers.\nCleveland Hopkins offers non-stop passenger service to 54 destinations with 174 average daily departures. Cleveland Hopkins is operated by the Cleveland Department of Port Control, which also includes Burke Lakefront Airport located downtown. In 2018, Airports Council International ranked Cleveland Hopkins the most improved North American airport in the 2017 Airport Service Quality Survey.\n\n", "Q1348741": "V\u00e1clav Klement (October 16, 1868, Velvary \u2013 August 10, 1938, Mlad\u00e1 Boleslav) was a Czech automotive pioneer, co-founder of Laurin & Klement, what is now \u0160koda Auto. He was a bookseller originally.\nHis childhood was not the happiest one. His mother died when he was small, replaced by a stepmother who hardly paid any attention to the little boy. From the age of 14 Klement did manual jobs although he showed talent for studying. Despite the obstacles he managed to become a good student and became an apprentice in a bookshop in the town of Slan\u00fd where he managed to finish his secondary studies.\nAfter that Klement worked in Prague for some time and then moved to Mlad\u00e1 Boleslav where he worked in another bookshop. When the owner of the bookshop died Klement decided to buy it. However the business did not prosper and Klement had to sell the bookshop to pay off his debts.\nThe story of founding the Laurin & Klement Company starts with the day when Klement bought a bicycle made by the German company Seidel & Naumann. Upon finding a problem with the bicycle Klement sent a letter in the Czech language to the company, requesting repair. \nThe company replied: \"If you want an answer from us, we ask for your messages in a language we understand\". Klement was so indignant that he decided together with V\u00e1clav Laurin, to start repairing bicycles themselves.\nLater in 1895, propelled by Klement's modesty, excellent people skills and business acumen, together with Laurin's technical expertise, the two decided to found the Laurin & Klement Company, producing their own bicycles. These were known as Slavia bicycles. The company took off, and soon had 12 employees, later going up to 40.\nIn 1899 they went on to produce motorcycles which were an immediate success not only at home but also abroad, even in sport competitions. In 1902 Laurin & Klement motorcycles were successful in the famous Paris - Vienna race. This race covered 1430 km and the only motorcycles that made it to the finish line without any breakdowns in 31 hours were the Laurin & Klement motorcycles.\nSoon these motorcycles became so successful that the company decided to stop bicycle production in order to devote itself fully to motorcycles.\nIn 1903 the company had already about 200 employees producing around 2000 motorcycles annually.\nIn 1905 the company started making cars and in 1907 it expanded, registered on the stock exchange, and stopped motorcycle production. \nIn 1925 the Laurin & Klement Company joined the Pilsner \u0160koda Concern and the name of the factory was changed to Laurin & Klement - \u0160koda, later only \u0160koda which produced hugely successful automobiles and became one of the great brand names, recognized worldwide, in the history of the Czech Republic. V\u00e1clav Laurin kept the position of technical director. In 1991 the \u0160koda Factory became a member of the Volkswagen Group.", "Q46259": "Kim Il-yeop or Kim Iry\u014fp, (hanja: \u91d1\u4e00\u8449; 28 April 1896 - 28 May 1971) was a Korean writer, journalist, feminist activist, and Buddhist nun. Her given name was Kim Wonju (hanja: \u91d1\u5143\u5468). Her courtesy and dharma name was Iryeop (Korean: hanja; Hanja: \u4e00\u8449).", "Q48274": "Nashua is a city in southern New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, Nashua had a population of 86,494, making it the second-largest city in the state and in northern New England after nearby Manchester. As of 2018 the population had risen to an estimated 89,246. Nashua is, along with Manchester, one of two seats of New Hampshire's most populous county, Hillsborough County.\nBuilt around the now-departed textile industry, in recent decades it has been swept up in southern New Hampshire's economic expansion as part of the Boston region. Nashua was twice named \"Best Place to Live in America\" in annual surveys by Money magazine. It is the only city to get the No. 1 ranking on two occasions\u2014in 1987 and 1998.", "Q67297": "Anagarika Govinda (born Ernst Lothar Hoffmann, 17 May 1898 \u2013 14 January 1985) was the founder of the order of the Arya Maitreya Mandala and an expositor of Tibetan Buddhism, Abhidharma, and Buddhist meditation as well as other aspects of Buddhism. He was also a painter and poet.\n\n", "Q257302": "LeToya Nicole Luckett-Walker (n\u00e9e Luckett; born March 11, 1981), known professionally as LeToya, is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She is known as a member of the R&B girl group Destiny's Child, with which she won two Grammy Awards and released many successful commercial recordings. Luckett has sold over 25 million records with Destiny's Child on the group's first two albums and singles.She began her solo career after signing a record deal with Capitol Records. Her solo debut album, LeToya (2006), topped the U.S. Billboard 200 albums chart in July 2006, and was certified platinum by the RIAA in December 2006. The single, \"Torn\", achieved records on BET's top ten countdown show 106 & Park. She was also named \"One of the Best New Artists of 2006\" by AOL and the \"Top Songwriter of 2006\" by ASCAP.\nLuckett released a second solo album, Lady Love on August 25, 2009, which debuted at No. 1 on the U.S. Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and also as No. 12 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart.\nLuckett has since become an actress. She was the star of the movie Preacher's Kid. She's part of the cast of the feature films Killers and From the Rough and had a recurring role on the second season of the HBO TV series Treme, and on the third season of the VH1 TV series Single Ladies. She currently has a recurring role in the OWN series \"Greenleaf\".\nOn May 12, 2017, Luckett released her third studio album, Back 2 Life, which debuted at number 91 on the Billboard 200, marking her lowest charting album in the United States to date. The album was preceded by two singles\u2014\"Back 2 Life\" and \"Used To\".", "Q3150": "Jena (; German pronunciation: [\u02c8je\u02d0na] (listen)) is a German university city and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, while the city itself has a population of about 110,000. Jena is a centre of education and research; the Friedrich Schiller University was founded in 1558 and had 18,000 students in 2017 and the Ernst-Abbe-Fachhochschule Jena counts another 5,000 students. Furthermore, there are many institutes of the leading German research societies.\nJena was first mentioned in 1182 and stayed a small town until the 19th century, when industry developed. For most of the 20th century, Jena was a world centre of the optical industry around companies like Carl Zeiss, Schott and Jenoptik (since 1990). As one of only a few medium-sized cities in Germany, it has some high-rise buildings in the city centre, like the Jen Tower. These also have their origin in the former Carl Zeiss factory. Between 1790 and 1850, Jena was a focal point of the German Vorm\u00e4rz as well as of the student liberal and unification movement and German Romanticism. Notable persons of this period in Jena were Friedrich Schiller, Alexander von Humboldt, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Novalis and August Wilhelm Schlegel.\nThe city's economy is based on the high-technology industry and research. The optical and precision industry is the leading branch to date, while software engineering, other digital businesses and biotechnology are of growing importance. Furthermore, Jena is also a service hub for the surrounding regions.\nJena lies in a hilly landscape in the east of Thuringia, within the wide valley of the Saale river. Due to its rocky landscape, varied substrate and mixed forests, Jena is known in Germany for the wide variety of wild orchids which can be found within walking distance of the town. Local nature reserves are maintained by volunteers and NABU.", "Q40628": "Tammy Suzanne Green Baldwin (born February 11, 1962) is an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Wisconsin since January 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, she served three terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 78th district, and from 1999 to 2013 represented Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives.\nIn the 2012 United States Senate election in Wisconsin, Baldwin was elected to the United States Senate, defeating Republican nominee Tommy Thompson. In the 2018 United States Senate election in Wisconsin, Baldwin was reelected, defeating Republican nominee Leah Vukmir.\nAs an openly lesbian woman, Baldwin has made history several times through her electoral success. In 1998, she became the first openly gay woman and first openly LGBT woman elected to the United States Congress as well as the first woman elected to the United States Congress from Wisconsin. In 2012, she became the first openly gay person and first openly LGBT person elected to the United States Senate as well as the first woman elected to the United States Senate from Wisconsin.", "Q247111": "\u00d6zhan Canayd\u0131n (23 January 1943 \u2013 22 March 2010) was a businessman, basketballer and former chairman of the Turkish sports club Galatasaray.", "Q58067": "Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (17 August 1786 \u2013 16 March 1861), later Duchess of Kent and Strathearn, was a German princess and the mother of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. As the widow of Charles, Prince of Leiningen (1763\u20131814), from 1814 she served as regent of the Principality during the minority of her son from her first marriage, Carl, until her second wedding in 1818 to Prince Edward, son of King George III of the United Kingdom.", "Q5056756": "Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford, Connecticut is located at 453 Fairfield Avenue. It was designed by landscape architect Jacob Weidenmann (1829\u20131893) who also designed Hartford's Bushnell Park. Its first sections were completed in 1866 and the first burial took place on July 17, 1866. Cedar Hill was designed as an American rural cemetery in the tradition of Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.\nThe cemetery straddles three towns. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997, in Hartford, Newington, and Wethersfield. It includes the Cedar Hill Cemetery Gateway and Chapel, also known as Northam Memorial Chapel and Gallup Memorial Gateway, which is separately listed on the NRHP.\nCedar Hill Cemetery encompasses 270 acres (1.1 km2) and includes several historic buildings, including the Northam Memorial Chapel (built 1882), which was designed by Hartford architect George Keller, and the Superintendent's Cottage (built 1875), which continues to be occupied by Cedar Hill's Superintendent to this day.\nOpen from dawn til dusk 365 days a year, Cedar Hill Cemetery welcomes visitors to walk the grounds and partake in the expansive art, history and natural resources this park-like space has to offer.", "Q878916": "William Allen Egan (October 8, 1914 \u2013 May 6, 1984) was an American Democratic politician. He served as the first and the fourth governor of the State of Alaska from January 3, 1959 to 1966 and 1970 to 1974. Born in Valdez, Alaska, Egan is one of only two governors in the state's history (along with Bill Walker) to have been born in Alaska. He was the Democratic nominee in five gubernatorial elections (1958, 1962, 1966, 1970, and 1974).", "Q1063795": "Charles Brady King (February 2, 1868 \u2013 June 22, 1957) was an American engineer and entrepreneur remembered as an automotive pioneer, artist, etcher, musician, poet, architect, mystic, industrialist and inventor.King was the first person in Detroit to design, build and drive a self-propelled automobile \u2013 3 months before Henry Ford built his automobile. The Detroit Journal of March 7, 1896, reported that King drove his motor-powered vehicle down Woodward Avenue \u2013 being the first person in Detroit to build and drive such a vehicle.\nThe Journal also reported that King made and sold the first complete automobile in Detroit.", "Q433144": "Mar\u00eda del Carmen Rosario Soledad Cervera y Fern\u00e1ndez de la Guerra, Dowager Baroness Thyssen-Bornemisza de K\u00e1szon et Imp\u00e9rfalva (German: Mar\u00eda del Carmen Rosario Soledad Freifrau von Thyssen-Bornemisza de K\u00e1szon; born Barcelona, 23 April 1943), popularly known as Carmen \"Tita\" Cervera or Carmen \"Tita\" Thyssen, is a Spanish philanthropist, socialite, and art dealer and collector.", "Q2899503": "Bertrand Denis (1902\u20131986) was a French industrialist and politician.", "Q48923": "Genthod is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.", "Q900": "Kazan (; Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0301\u043d\u044c, IPA: [k\u0250\u02c8zan\u02b2]; Tatar: \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. With a population of 1,243,500, it is the sixth most populous city in Russia.\nKazan lies at the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka Rivers in European Russia, about 715 kilometres (444 mi) east from Moscow. In the Late Middle Ages, Kazan was an important trade and political center within the Golden Horde. In 1438, the city became the capital of the Khanate of Kazan. In 1552, Kazan was captured by Ivan the Terrible and became part of Russia. The city was largely destroyed during Pugachev's Rebellion, but was later rebuilt during the reign of Catherine the Great. In the following centuries, Kazan grew to become a major industrial, cultural and religious center in Russia.\nKazan is renowned for its vibrant mix of Oriental and Russian cultures. In 2015, 2.1 million tourists visited Kazan, and 1.5 million tourists visited the Kazan Kremlin, a World Heritage Site. In April 2009, the Russian Patent Office granted Kazan the right to brand itself as the \"Third Capital\" of Russia. In 2009 it was chosen as the \"sports capital of Russia\" and it still is referred to as such.", "Q689306": "Chicks on Speed is a feminist music and fine art ensemble, formed in Munich in 1997, when members Australian Alex Murray-Leslie and American Melissa Logan met at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts.Though Chicks on Speed reached cult status throughout the 2000s as catalysts of the musical genre electroclash, Chicks on Speed were actually founded as a multidisciplinary art group working in performance art, electronic dance music, collage graphics, textile design and fashion.", "Q230616": "Hunting and Gathering (French: Ensemble, c'est tout) is a 2007 French romantic film based on the writer Anna Gavalda's 2004 novel Hunting and Gathering (French: Ensemble, c'est tout). It was directed by Claude Berri, who also wrote the screenplay, and stars Audrey Tautou, Guillaume Canet, Laurent Stocker, Fran\u00e7oise Bertin and Alain Sachs. It premiered on 21 March 2007.", "Q167090": "Josef Hader (born 14 February 1962) is an Austrian comedian, actor, and writer.\n\n", "Q983568": "Iain George Pears (born 8 August 1955) is an English art historian, novelist and journalist.", "Q34426": "Abdullah Ensour ( (listen) AHB-d\u0259-l\u0259 en-SOOR; Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631\u200e \u02bfAbd All\u0101h an-Nas\u016br; born 20 January 1939) is a Jordanian economist who was Prime Minister of Jordan between October 2012 and May 2016. A veteran politician, he has held various cabinet positions in Jordanian government in addition to being prime minister.", "Q86294": "Jens Spahn (born 16 May 1980) is a German politician currently serving as Federal Minister of Health in the fourth Merkel cabinet. He is a member of the lower house of the federal parliament, the Bundestag (German: Mitglied des Deutschen Bundestages, MdB) for Steinfurt I \u2013 Borken I and is a member of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU), which governs in partnership with the centre-left Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).\nSpahn was the youngest member of the CDU in the German parliament, having been elected in 2002 at age 22. He has since then served in the 15th, 16th and 17th Bundestags and is one of the main sponsors of pension reform in Germany. He is a member of the Committee of Health of the 17th Bundestag and chair of the working group on health and health policy as well as the spokesman of the CDU/CSU health parliamentary group.\nWhen Chancellor Angela Merkel stated her intention not to seek re-election for the CDU party leadership in 2018, Spahn announced his intention to stand for election as her successor in December 2018. He was eventually eliminated in the first round of voting; the position instead went to Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer. Following Kramp-Karrenbauer's decision to resign in February 2020, he announced that he would not run for the party's leadership but instead endorse candidate Armin Laschet.", "Q366322": "Alexis Denisof (born February 25, 1966) is an American actor who is primarily known for playing Wesley Wyndam-Pryce in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spin-off Angel. He also had a recurring role on How I Met Your Mother on which his wife, Alyson Hannigan, starred.", "Q62660": "Klaus Thunemann (born April 19, 1937) is a German bassoonist.\nKlaus Thunemann was born in Magdeburg, Germany. He originally studied piano but from the age of 18 focused on the bassoon. He was a student at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik in Berlin, where he studied under Willy Fugmann. Upon graduation Thunemann was engaged by the North German Radio Symphony Orchestra of Hamburg where he served as principal bassoonist from 1962 to 1978. During this time he also appeared frequently in chamber music and as a soloist.\nThunemann has made an extensive discography, recording the bassoon repertoire of Vivaldi, Mozart and others for labels including Philips Records and Deutsche Grammophon. On his recordings he has collaborated with many artists including pianist Alfred Brendel, oboist Heinz Holliger, and the chamber group I Musici.\nFrom 1978 he focused on a teaching career in addition to his solo work. Thunemann served on the faculties of the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover, the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Hanns Eisler in Berlin, Madrid's International Institute of Chamber Music and the Reina Sof\u00eda School of Music in Madrid.\nUpon his retirement from teaching in Germany, the German government honored Thunemann in 2006 with the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (the Federal Cross of Merit, Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland). Thunemann has continued to perform occasionally as a bassoon soloist. In October 2008 he appeared at the Jerusalem International Chamber Music Festival playing the Bassoon Sonata by Saint-Sa\u00ebns.", "Q327418": "Transacqua was a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,007 and an area of 35.6 square kilometres (13.7 sq mi). It was merged with Siror, Tonadico and Fiera di Primiero on January 1, 2016, to form a new municipality, Primiero San Martino di Castrozza.The municipality of Transacqua contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Ormanico (Hermannich) and Pieve.\nTransacqua borders the following municipalities: Siror (Siraur), Sagron Mis (Sagraun), Mezzano (Matzan im Taufers), Cesiomaggiore, Tonadico (Thunadich) and Fiera di Primiero (Markt Prim\u00f6r).", "Q9694": "Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (IATA: AMS, ICAO: EHAM), known informally as Schiphol Airport (Dutch: Luchthaven Schiphol, pronounced [\u02ccl\u028fxt\u0266a\u02d0v\u0259(n) \u02c8sx\u026ap(\u0266)\u0254l]), is the main international airport of the Netherlands. It is located 9 kilometres (5.6 miles) southwest of Amsterdam, in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer in North Holland. It is the third-busiest airport in Europe in terms of passenger volume and the busiest in Europe in terms of aircraft movement. The airport is built as a single-terminal concept: one large terminal split into three large departure halls.\nSchiphol is the hub for KLM and its regional affiliate KLM Cityhopper as well as for Corendon Dutch Airlines, Martinair, Transavia and TUI fly Netherlands. The airport also serves as a base for EasyJet and LEVEL.\nSchiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase. The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely. By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles. The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol. The airport was destroyed through bombing but at the end of the war, the airfield was soon rebuilt. In 1949, it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands.\n\n", "Q431753": "Sean Gunn (born May 22, 1974) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Kirk Gleason on The WB series Gilmore Girls (2000\u20132007) and Kraglin in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017) and Avengers: Endgame (2019). He is the younger brother of director James Gunn and often appears in his sibling's films.", "Q797892": "Emmanuel College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college was founded in 1584 by Sir Walter Mildmay, Chancellor of the Exchequer to Elizabeth I.Three members of Emmanuel College have received a Nobel Prize: Ronald Norrish, George Porter (both Chemistry, 1967) and Frederick Hopkins.", "Q376131": "Stephen Harold Tobolowsky (born May 30, 1951) is an American actor. He is known for film roles such as insurance agent Ned Ryerson in Groundhog Day and amnesiac Sammy Jankis in Memento, as well as such television characters as Commissioner Hugo Jarry (Deadwood), Bob Bishop (Heroes), Sandy Ryerson (Glee), Stu Beggs (Californication and White Famous), and Action Jack Barker (Silicon Valley).\nTobolowsky has a monthly audio podcast, The Tobolowsky Files, of autobiographical stories of his acting and personal life. In 2015, he co-hosted a short-lived second podcast, Big Problems \u2013 An Advice Podcast, with David Chen. He has also authored three books: The Dangerous Animals Club, Cautionary Tales, and My Adventures With God.", "Q3142650": "Hugues Miorin (born Fumel, 30 November 1968) is a former French rugby union player. He played as a lock.\nHe played for Stade Toulousain. He won to win six titles of French Champion, for 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999 and 2001 and the first European Cup in 1996. He earned his first cap with the French national team on 20 April 1996 against Romania.", "Q1414932": "The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the saxophone family, a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s. The tenor and the alto are the two most commonly used saxophones. The tenor is pitched in the key of B\u266d (while the alto is pitched in the key of E\u266d), and written as a transposing instrument in the treble clef, sounding an octave and a major second lower than the written pitch. Modern tenor saxophones which have a high F\u266f key have a range from A\u266d2 to E5 (concert) and are therefore pitched one octave below the soprano saxophone. People who play the tenor saxophone are known as \"tenor saxophonists\", \"tenor sax players\", or \"saxophonists\".\nThe tenor saxophone uses a larger mouthpiece, reed and ligature than the alto and soprano saxophones. Visually, it is easily distinguished by the curve in its neck, or its crook, near the mouthpiece. The alto saxophone lacks this and its neck goes straight to the mouthpiece. The tenor saxophone is most recognized for its ability to blend well with the soprano, alto and baritone saxophones, with its \"husky\" yet \"bright\" tone.\nTenor sax has been an important solo instrument in jazz music. Famous and influential players include Coleman Hawkins, Lester Young, Ben Webster, Dexter Gordon, Wardell Gray, Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, John Coltrane and Wayne Shorter. The work of younger players such as Michael Brecker and Chris Potter has been an important influence in more recent jazz.", "Q35738": "Frida is a 2002 American biographical drama film directed by Julie Taymor which depicts the professional and private life of the surrealist Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. \nStarring Salma Hayek in an Academy Award\u2013nominated portrayal as Kahlo and Alfred Molina as her husband, Diego Rivera, the film was adapted by Clancy Sigal, Diane Lake, Gregory Nava, Anna Thomas and unofficially by Edward Norton from the 1983 book Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo by Hayden Herrera. Frida received generally positive reviews from critics, and won two Academy Awards for Best Makeup and Best Original Score among six nominations.", "Q117577": "Christina Surer (born 26 March 1974 in Basel) is a Swiss race car driver. She has been racing for more than a decade, having spent several years in go-karts before participating in the Ford Superseries (2002), Alfa 147 Cup (2002) and the Ford Fiesta Cup (2003). She has participated in two 24 Hours N\u00fcrburgring races (2004, 2005) and since 2004, has been racing in the Seat Leon Supercopa. \n\nSurer has modelled for Playboy and was married to Formula One driver Marc Surer from 1997 to 2000. In 2012, she became engaged to DTM racer Martin Tomczyk. Aside from racing and modelling, she hosts television programs.", "Q64211": "The Wild Geese is a 1978 British-Swiss war film directed by Andrew V. McLaglen and starring Richard Burton, Roger Moore, Richard Harris, and Hardy Kr\u00fcger. The screenplay concerns a group of mercenaries in Africa. It was the result of a long-held ambition of its producer Euan Lloyd to make an all-star adventure film similar to The Guns of Navarone or Where Eagles Dare. The same producer and director were later responsible for The Sea Wolves.\nThe screenplay by Reginald Rose was based on an unpublished novel titled The Thin White Line by Daniel Carney. The film was named The Wild Geese after the Wild Goose flag and shoulder patch used by Michael \"Mad Mike\" Hoare's Five Commando, ANC, which in turn was inspired by a 17th-century Irish mercenary army (see Flight of the Wild Geese). Carney's novel was subsequently published by Corgi Books under the same title as the film.\nThe novel was based upon rumours and speculation following the 1968 landing of a mysterious aeroplane in Rhodesia, which was said to have been loaded with mercenaries and \"an African president\" believed to have been a dying Mo\u00efse Tshombe.\n\n", "Q350690": "Charles Douville Coburn (June 19, 1877 \u2013 August 30, 1961) was an American actor. He was nominated for a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award three times \u2013 in The Devil and Miss Jones (1941), The More the Merrier (1943), and The Green Years (1946) \u2013 winning for his performance in The More the Merrier. He was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 for his contribution to the film industry.", "Q160927": "Blois (, bl-WAH; French pronunciation: \u200b[blwa]) is a city and the capital of Loir-et-Cher department in central France, situated on the banks of the lower river Loire between Orl\u00e9ans and Tours.\n\n", "Q6970130": "The National Academy of History of the Argentine Republic (Spanish: Academia Nacional de la Historia de la Rep\u00fablica Argentina) is a non-profit learned society established to foster the study and dissemination of Argentine history.", "Q90390": "Franz Pacher (28 April 1919 in Prost\u0159edn\u00ed Such\u00e1, present-day Czech Republic \u2013 3 March 2018 in Salzburg, Austria) was an Austrian civil engineer and a pioneer of modern tunneling. He is one of three men who are considered to be the chief developers of the New Austrian Tunneling method (NATM).During the later years of his career, he was involved in nearly 90% of all tunnel constructions in Austria.", "Q64577": "Peter Berling (20 March 1934 \u2013 21 November 2017) was a German actor, film producer and writer. He has worked on several occasions with director Werner Herzog, among them his collaborations with actor Klaus Kinski like Aguirre, the Wrath of God, Fitzcarraldo and Cobra Verde.\nIn several of his medieval novels, Berling has drawn on conspiracy theories based on the Priory of Sion.\nBerling died on 21 November 2017 in Rome, aged 83.", "Q171194": "N\u00faria de Gispert i Catal\u00e0 (Barcelona, Spain, 6 April 1949) is a Spanish politician and lawyer. Between 2010 and 2015 she served as speaker of Parliament of Catalonia.\n\n", "Q22522": "Christopher Fettes (born 1937) is an English former teacher and founder of the Irish Green Party and an honorary member of the International Vegetarian Union and of the World Esperanto Association.\nHe was born in Bromley, Kent, England and educated at Clayesmore School, Dorset, and in English and French at the University of Dublin, he taught for a year in France and then for 37 years at Saint Columba's College, Dublin, for most of that time as a housemaster. During that period he revived the Irish Anti-Vivisection Society and the Esperanto Association of Ireland, became an Irish citizen in 1970, and founded the Vegetarian Society of Ireland and was Secretary of the European Vegetarian Union.\nIn 1981 he initiated and chaired the founding meeting of the Ecology Party of Ireland, which later became the Irish Green Party. He stood unsuccessfully as a Green candidate for the European Parliament in 1984. He contested the 2002 general election and the 2011 general election in the Laois\u2013Offaly constituency.\nAt present, he is a government appointee on the Central Council of the Irish Red Cross.\nFor many years Fettes accompanied children to Esperanto youth and family gatherings in various European countries. From 1988 to 1996 he served as international coordinator for the International Children's Camps of the World Esperanto Association.\nIn 1991 he purchased the remains of the Bloomville estate: 55 acres of land with a decaying Georgian farmhouse in County Offaly. Since he retired in 2000 this has been slowly restored, and in 2011 was highlighted by the Engage with Architecture Centre in Tullamore. From time to time he organizes small conferences for sections of the Green Party, The Tolkien Society, the Open Christianity Network and other bodies; the estate, where many thousands of deciduous trees have been planted and the wilder aspects preserved, is frequented by families seeking a stimulating natural environment for their children. In addition, Esperanto-speakers from as far away as Australia and Brazil, Japan and Korea are regularly provided with free accommodation.", "Q107002": "Arthur Evelyn St. John Waugh (; 28 October 1903 \u2013 10 April 1966) was an English writer of novels, biographies, and travel books; he was also a prolific journalist and book reviewer. His most famous works include the early satires Decline and Fall (1928) and A Handful of Dust (1934), the novel Brideshead Revisited (1945), and the Second World War trilogy Sword of Honour (1952\u20131961). He is recognised as one of the great prose stylists of the English language in the 20th century.Waugh was the son of a publisher, educated at Lancing College and then at Hertford College, Oxford. He worked briefly as a schoolmaster before he became a full-time writer. As a young man, he acquired many fashionable and aristocratic friends and developed a taste for country house society. He travelled extensively in the 1930s, often as a special newspaper correspondent; he reported from Abyssinia at the time of the 1935 Italian invasion. He served in the British armed forces throughout the Second World War, first in the Royal Marines and then in the Royal Horse Guards. He was a perceptive writer who used the experiences and the wide range of people whom he encountered in his works of fiction, generally to humorous effect. Waugh's detachment was such that he fictionalised his own mental breakdown which occurred in the early 1950s.\nWaugh converted to Catholicism in 1930 after his first marriage failed. His traditionalist stance led him to strongly oppose all attempts to reform the Church, and the changes by the Second Vatican Council (1962\u201365) greatly disturbed his sensibilities, especially the introduction of the vernacular Mass. That blow to his religious traditionalism, his dislike for the welfare state culture of the postwar world, and the decline of his health all darkened his final years, but he continued to write. He displayed to the world a mask of indifference, but he was capable of great kindness to those whom he considered his friends. After his death in 1966, he acquired a following of new readers through the film and television versions of his works, such as the television serial Brideshead Revisited (1981).", "Q436982": "Jeane Manson (born 1950 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American model, singer, and actor. After being photographed for Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month in August 1974, she moved to Europe and appeared in several films, including Bons Baisers de Hong Kong (1975). The following year, she became known for the song Avant de nous dire adieu. In 1979 she represented Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest with the song J'ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu \u00e7a dans tes yeux.", "Q235008": "Oksana Sergeevna Akinshina (Russian: \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043a\u0438\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430; born 19 April 1987) is a Russian actress. She is best known for her roles in films Sisters (2001), Lilya 4-ever (2002), The Bourne Supremacy (2004), and Hipsters (2008).", "Q377549": "L\u00e9on Ernest Gaumont (10 May 1864 \u2013 9 August 1946) was a French inventor, engineer, and industrialist who was a pioneer of the motion picture industry.", "Q27450809": "Dorothea Johnson or Dorothea Garrat; Dorothea King (4 December 1732 \u2013 23 July 1817) was an Irish Methodist leader in Lisburn.", "Q348961": "Louis I (23 July 1339 \u2013 20 September 1384) was the second son of John II of France and Bonne of Bohemia. Born at the Ch\u00e2teau de Vincennes, Louis was the first of the Angevin branch of the French royal house. His father appointed him Count of Anjou and Count of Maine in 1356, and then raised him to the title Duke of Anjou in 1360 and Duke of Touraine in 1370.\nIn 1382, as the adopted son of Joanna I of Naples, he succeeded to the counties of Provence and Forcalquier. He also inherited from her a claim to the kingdoms of Naples and Jerusalem. He was already a veteran of the Hundred Years' War against the English when he led an army into Italy to claim his Neapolitan inheritance. He died on the march and his claims and titles fell to his son and namesake, Louis II, who succeeded in ruling Naples for a time.", "Q535521": "Angelo Agostini (April 8, 1843 \u2013 January 23, 1910) was an Italian-born Brazilian illustrator, journalist and founder of several publications, and although born in Italy, is considered the first Brazilian cartoonist.", "Q233479": "Anne Elizabeth Applebaum (born July 25, 1964) is an American journalist and historian. She has written extensively about Marxism\u2013Leninism and the development of civil society in Central and Eastern Europe. \nShe has edited at The Economist and The Spectator, and was a member of the editorial board of The Washington Post (2002\u201306). Applebaum won the Pulitzer Prize in April 2004 for Gulag: A History published the previous year. She is a staff writer for The Atlantic and a senior fellow at The Agora Institute at Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies.", "Q1344392": "John Edward Warnock (born October 6, 1940) is an American computer scientist and businessman best known as the co-founder (with Charles Geschke) of Adobe Systems Inc., the graphics and publishing software company. Warnock was President of Adobe for his first two years and chairman and CEO for his remaining sixteen years at the company. Although retired as CEO in 2000, he still co-chairs the board with Geschke. Warnock has pioneered the development of graphics, publishing, Web and electronic document technologies that have revolutionized the field of publishing and visual communications.", "Q1036964": "Carl Joseph Barzilauskas (born March 19, 1951 in Waterbury, Connecticut) is a former American football defensive tackle who played six seasons in the National Football League for the New York Jets and the Green Bay Packers. He played college football for Indiana University.", "Q193111": "Mika Toimi Waltari (pronunciation ) (19 September 1908 \u2013 26 August 1979) was a Finnish writer, best known for his best-selling novel The Egyptian (Finnish: Sinuhe egyptil\u00e4inen). He was extremely productive, and wrote in addition to novels also poetry, short stories, crime novels, plays, essays, travel stories, film scripts and rhymed texts for comic strips by Asmo Alho.", "Q65669": "Duvin (German: Duvin [du\u02c8vin] ), Romansh: Duin [du\u026a\u032fn] ) is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Duvin, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.", "Q66360": "B\u00fcren an der Aare (usually abbreviated with B\u00fcren a.A., means B\u00fcren on the Aare) is a historic town and a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q190418": "Abd al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n III, he was \u2032Abd al-Rahm\u0101n ibn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn \u2032Abd All\u0101h ibn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn \u2032Abd al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n ibn al-\u1e24akam al-Rabd\u012b ibn Hish\u0101m ibn \u2032Abd al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n al-D\u0101khil; (\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u06c1\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644); (889/91 - 961). \u2032Abd al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n won the laqab (sobriquet) al-Nasir li-D\u012bn All\u0101h \u2013 Defender of God's Faith \u2013 in his early 20s when, as Emir of C\u00f3rdoba, he supported the Maghrawa in North Africa against Fatimid expansion and rose to the Umayyad Caliphate of C\u00f3rdoba. His half a century reign (912\u2013961) of al-Andalus \u2013 Muslim Iberian Spain \u2013 was known for its religious tolerance.", "Q69053": "Malans is a municipality in the Landquart Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q1086719": "Christopher Robin Haskins, Baron Haskins (born 30 May 1937, Dublin) is an Irish businessman, life peer, and former member of the British Labour Party.", "Q93841": "Peter Rosegger (original Ro\u00dfegger ) (31 July 1843 \u2013 26 June 1918) was an Austrian writer and poet from Krieglach in the province of Styria. He was a son of a mountain farmer and grew up in the woodlands and mountains of Alpl. Rosegger (or Rossegger) went on to become a most prolific poet and author as well as an insightful teacher and visionary.\nIn his later years, he was honoured by officials from various Austrian universities and the city of Graz (the capital of Styria). He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times. He was nearly awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 and is (at least among the people of Styria) something like a national treasure to this day.", "Q155022": "Alfred Peter Friedrich von Tirpitz (19 March 1849 \u2013 6 March 1930) was a German Grand Admiral, Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office, the powerful administrative branch of the German Imperial Navy from 1897 until 1916. Prussia never had a major navy, nor did the other German states before the German Empire was formed in 1871. Tirpitz took the modest Imperial Navy and, starting in the 1890s, turned it into a world-class force that could threaten Britain's Royal Navy. However, during World War I, his High Seas Fleet proved unable to end Britain's command of the sea and its chokehold on Germany's economy. The one great engagement at sea, the Battle of Jutland, ended in a narrow German tactical victory but a strategic failure. As the High Seas Fleet's limitations became increasingly apparent during the war, Tirpitz became an outspoken advocate for unrestricted submarine warfare, a policy which would ultimately bring Germany into conflict with the United States. By the beginning of 1916, he was dismissed from office and never regained power.", "Q1646000": "The National Audubon Society (Audubon) is a non-profit environmental organization dedicated to conservation. Located in the United States and incorporated in 1905, Audubon is one of the oldest of such organizations in the world and uses science, education and grassroots advocacy to advance its conservation mission. It is named in honor of John James Audubon, a Franco-American ornithologist and naturalist who painted, cataloged, and described the birds of North America in his famous book Birds of America published in sections between 1827 and 1838.\nThe society has nearly 500 local chapters, each of which is an independent 501(c)(3) non-profit organization voluntarily affiliated with the National Audubon Society, which often organize birdwatching field trips and conservation-related activities. It also coordinates the Christmas Bird Count held each December in the U.S., a model of citizen science, in partnership with Cornell Lab of Ornithology, and the Great Backyard Bird Count each February. Together with Cornell, Audubon created eBird, an online database for bird observation. The National Audubon Society also has many global partners to help birds that migrate beyond the U.S.'s borders, including BirdLife International based in Great Britain, Bird Studies Canada, and many partners in Latin America and in the Caribbean. Audubon's International Alliances Program (IAP) brings together people throughout the Western Hemisphere to work together to implement conservation solutions at Important Birds Areas (IBA's).\nThe society's main offices are in New York City and Washington, D.C., and it has state offices in about 24 states. It also owns and operates a number of nature centers open to the public, located in urban settings, including New York City, Joplin, Phoenix, Dallas, and Los Angeles, as well as at bird refuges and other natural areas. Audubon Centers help to forge lifelong connections between people and nature, developing stewards for conservation among young and diverse communities.", "Q322206": "Heavenly Creatures is a 1994 New Zealand psychological thriller directed by Peter Jackson, from a screenplay he co-wrote with his partner, Fran Walsh, and starring Melanie Lynskey and Kate Winslet in their feature film debuts, with supporting roles by Sarah Peirse, Diana Kent, Clive Merrison, and Simon O'Connor. Based on the notorious 1954 Parker\u2013Hulme murder case in Christchurch, New Zealand, the film focuses on the obsessive relationship between two teenage girls\u2014Pauline Parker and Juliet Hulme\u2014which culminates in the murder of Parker's mother. The events of the film span the period from their meeting in 1952 to the murder in 1954.\nThe film opened in 1994 at the 51st Venice International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Lion, and became one of the best-received films of the year. Reviewers praised most aspects of the production, with particular attention given to the performances by the previously unknown Winslet and Lynskey, as well as for Jackson's directing. The film received an Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay.", "Q981419": "Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin (; September 25, 1843 \u2013 November 15, 1928) was an American geologist and educator. In 1893 he founded the Journal of Geology, of which he was editor for many years.", "Q454861": "Patsy Kelly (January 12, 1910 \u2013 September 24, 1981) was an American actress. She is known for her role as the brash, wisecracking sidekick to Thelma Todd in a series of short comedy films produced by Hal Roach in the 1930s. Known as the Queen of Wisecracks, Kelly's career continued after Todd's death in 1935 in similar roles.\nAfter her film career declined in the mid-1940s, Kelly returned to New York where she worked in radio and summer stock. She also became a lifelong friend and personal assistant of Tallulah Bankhead. Kelly returned to the screen after 17 years with guest spots on television and in film roles.\nIn 1971, Kelly returned to the stage in the revival of No, No, Nanette for which she won a Tony Award. She continued appearing in film and television roles until she suffered a stroke in January 1980 that limited her ability to speak. Kelly died of cancer in 1981.", "Q622783": "Spanish Netherlands (Spanish: Pa\u00edses Bajos Espa\u00f1oles; Dutch: Spaanse Nederlanden; French: Pays-Bas espagnols, German: Spanische Niederlande) was the name for the Habsburg Netherlands ruled by the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs from 1556 to 1714. They were a collection of States of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries held in personal union by the Spanish Crown (also called Habsburg Spain). This region comprised most of the modern states of Belgium and Luxembourg, as well as parts of northern France, southern Netherlands, and western Germany with the capital being Brussels.\nThe Imperial fiefs of the former Burgundian Netherlands had been inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg from the extinct House of Valois-Burgundy upon the death of Mary of Burgundy in 1482. The Seventeen Provinces formed the core of the Habsburg Netherlands which passed to the Spanish Habsburgs upon the abdication of Emperor Charles V in 1556. When part of the Netherlands separated to form the autonomous Dutch Republic in 1581, the remainder of the area stayed under Spanish rule until the War of the Spanish Succession.", "Q689474": "Jean-Guihen Queyras is a French cellist. He was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada on 11 March 1967, and moved with his parents to Algeria when he was 5 years old; the family moved to France 3 years later. He is a professor at the Musikhochschule Freiburg and artistic co-director of the Rencontres Musicales de Haute-Provence. He won the Glenn Gould Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Prize in Toronto in 2002.\nQueyras records for Harmonia Mundi, including: the cello concertos of Dvorak, Elgar, Ligeti, and others; the complete cello suites of both Johann Sebastian Bach and Benjamin Britten; Beethoven's complete works for cello and piano (with Alexander Melnikov); and many piano trios with Isabelle Faust and Melnikov. He is noted for his exceptionally wide range of repertoire: he has recorded cello concertos by Haydn, Monn, and Vivaldi on a period instrument with the Freiburger Barockorchester and the Akademie f\u00fcr Alte Musik Berlin, but also champions the music of Dallapiccola, Kurtag, Ligeti, Webern, and others. \nHe gave the world premieres of Ivan Fedele's cello concerto (Orchestre National de France, Leonard Slatkin) and Gilbert Amy's concerto (Tokyo Symphony Orchestra at Suntory Hall in Tokyo); in September 2005, he premiered Bruno Mantovani's concerto with the Saarbr\u00fccken Radio Sinfonie Orchestra and Phillippe Schoeller's Wind's Eyes with the SWR Sinfonieorchester Baden-Baden and Freiburg. He also gave the world premieres of Thomas Larcher's Ouroboros in 2016 and Tristan Murail's De Pays et d'Hommes \u00c9tranges (Of Strange Lands and Strange Men) in 2019. \nHis recordings have won distinctions such as Top CD - BBC Music Magazine, Diapason d'Or, CHOC du Monde de la Musique, 10 de Classica/R\u00e9pertoire, and Editor's Choice from Gramophone.\nQueyras is part of the Arcanto Quartet with Antje Weithaas, Daniel Sepec and Tabea Zimmermann. He plays a cello made in 1696 by Gioffredo Cappa.", "Q1959511": "Higher School of Economics (HSE; Russian: \u00ab\u0412\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438\u00bb, \u0412\u0428\u042d), officially the National Research University Higher School of Economics (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u0412\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438\u00bb) is a Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution for Higher Education that was founded in 1992. In 2009, The Higher School of Economics acquired the status of national research university. Along with the main campus located in Moscow, the university maintains three other regional campuses in Nizhny Novgorod, Saint Petersburg and Perm.HSE was the first university in Russia to successfully introduce Bachelor's and Master's degrees. Moreover, experts from the university participated in development and implementation of the Unified State Exam, helped to draft state development strategies to modernize the education and health care systems, and was engaged in initiatives to reform public services. Additionally, the university participated in the program \"Electronic Russia\" and many similar projects. Starting from 2013, HSE University has also participated in the 5-100 Russian Academic Excellence Project (the project was initiated by the Ministry of Education and Science to promote at least five Russian universities to the top hundred universities according to Times Higher Education World University Rankings, QS World University Rankings, Academic Ranking of World Universities). Furthermore, university representatives are part of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation and Expert Council under the Government of Russia.\nIn 2018, HSE University was ranked in the top three largest and the most popular Moscow universities. HSE\u2019s student body is composed of more than 40 000 students graduate and postgraduate students.The number of teachers and researchers at the university numbers 6 000.", "Q162842": "Anders Norudde (born Anders Stake, 1960) is a Swedish folk musician, multi-instrumentalist, and luthier.\nAfter finishing school, Anders took a job at the ironworks in Degerfors, where, in his spare time, he practiced orienteering and played rock music on the guitar. After hearing the band Kebnekaise on the radio, Anders became interested in the melodies of traditional Swedish folk music. He began attending folk music festivals in Rans\u00e4ter, V\u00e4rmland, and was particularly inspired by the music of Anders Ros\u00e9n and Mats Ed\u00e9n of Groupa.\nHe also developed an interest in the construction of musical instruments, and participated in a four-year course in violin making in Leksand. Graduation from this course qualified him as a member of S.V.I.T. (Swedish Violinmakers in the Italian Tradition). Anders has built 41 fiddles (including the viola d'amore played by Magnus Stinnerbom), and has sold all but one of them (a Hardanger fiddle that he still plays).\nIn 1987, he formed the band Hedningarna (meaning \"The Heathens) together with percussionist Bj\u00f6rn Tollin and lutenist H\u00e5llbus Totte Mattson wanting to explore the possibilities of developing a new musical style based on elements of traditional music. The group wrote and played a major part of the music to theatre project Den stora vreden (rough translation: The Great Wrath) at G\u00e4vleborgs folkteater (the county theatre of G\u00e4vleborg), first time performed in 1988, that attracted much attention. A fairly large portion of the music on their first record was originally performed in that play.\nAnders has dedicated an important amount of his creativity to the potentials offered by such ancient instruments as Swedish bagpipes, the moraharpa (an early predecessor of the nyckelharpa) and the s\u00e4lgfl\u00f6jt or willow flute. As part of his work with Hedningarna, Anders has constructed a number of unique instruments, some reproductions of ancient instruments such as the moraharpa, and some novel instruments based on a combination of traditional and modern design principles.\nIn the mid-'90s, Anders and his fianc\u00e9e Ingrid spent a considerable amount of time and effort renovating the old cottage of Anders's grandmother, located in the northern part of the Udden headland in Lake \u00d6len, Degerfors, for which they won an award. When they married in 1997, they decided that they would both take a new surname. They decided on Norudde, in honor of the cottage.\nHe currently lives in Karlskoga with his wife Ingrid and two children, John and Hedda.", "Q173797": "William Whitney Rice (March 7, 1826 \u2013 March 1, 1896) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.\nBorn in Deerfield, Massachusetts, Rice attended Gorham Academy, Maine, and graduated from Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, in 1846. He served as the preceptor of Leicester Academy, Leicester, Massachusetts from 1847 to 1851 before studying law in Worcester. He was admitted to the bar in 1854 and commenced practice in Worcester. In 1858 he was appointed judge of insolvency for Worcester County.\nRice was elected mayor of the city of Worcester in December 1859. He served as district attorney for the middle district of Massachusetts from 1869 to 1874 and was a member of the State house of representatives in 1875.Rice was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1885.Rice was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1877 \u2013 March 3, 1887). After a failed re-election bid in 1886, he returned to Worcester and resumed the practice of law. He died there on March 1, 1896, at age 69, and was interred at Worcester Rural Cemetery.", "Q26988": "The Cook Islands (Cook Islands M\u0101ori: K\u016bki '\u0100irani) is a self-governing island country in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand. It comprises 15 islands whose total land area is 240 square kilometres (93 sq mi). The Cook Islands' Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers 1,960,027 square kilometres (756,771 sq mi) of ocean.New Zealand is responsible for the Cook Islands' defence and foreign affairs, but these responsibilities are exercised in consultation with the Cook Islands. In recent times, the Cook Islands have adopted an increasingly independent foreign policy. Cook Islanders are citizens of New Zealand, but they also have the status of Cook Islands nationals, which is not given to other New Zealand citizens. The Cook Islands has been an active member of the Pacific Community since 1980.\nThe Cook Islands' main population centres are on the island of Rarotonga (13,007 in 2016), where there is an international airport. There is also a larger population of Cook Islanders in New Zealand itself: in the 2013 census, 61,839 people said they were Cook Islanders, or of Cook Islands descent.With over 168,000 visitors travelling to the islands in 2018, tourism is the country's main industry, and the leading element of the economy, ahead of offshore banking, pearls, and marine and fruit exports.", "Q850730": "The University of Groningen (abbreviated as UG; Dutch: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, abbreviated as RUG) is a public research university in the city of Groningen in the Netherlands. The university was founded in 1614 and is the second-oldest university in the Netherlands. In 2014, the university celebrated its 400th anniversary. Currently, RUG is placed in the top 100 universities worldwide according to four international ranking tables.\nThe university was ranked 59th in the world, according to Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) in 2017. In April 2013, according to the results of the International Student Barometer, the University of Groningen, for the third time in a row, was voted the best university of the Netherlands.The University of Groningen has eleven faculties, nine graduate schools, 27 research centres and institutes, and more than 175 degree programmes. The university's alumni and faculty include four Nobel Prize winners, five Spinoza Prize winners, multiple mayors, Aletta Jacobs, Johann Bernoulli, royalty, the first president of the European Central Bank and a secretary general of NATO.", "Q912271": "Jules Ars\u00e8ne Arnaud Claretie (3 December 1840 \u2013 23 December 1913) was a French literary figure and director of the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Fran\u00e7ais.", "Q76167": "Abdurrahman Wahid ( (listen) AHB-doo-RAHKH-mahn wah-HEED; born Abdurrahman ad-Dakhil; 7 September 1940 \u2013 30 December 2009), colloquially known as Gus Dur (listen ), was an Indonesian Muslim religious and political leader who served as the fourth president of Indonesia from 1999 to 2001. The long-time president of the Nahdlatul Ulama and the founder of the National Awakening Party (PKB), Wahid was the first elected president of Indonesia after the resignation of Suharto in 1998.\nHis popular nickname Gus Dur, is derived from Gus, a common honorific for a son of kyai, from short-form of bagus ('handsome lad' in Javanese language); and Dur, short-form of his name, Abdurrahman.", "Q163584": "Derry, officially Londonderry (), is the second-largest city in Northern Ireland and the fourth-largest city on the island of Ireland. The name Derry is an anglicisation of the Old Irish name Daire (modern Irish: Doire [\u02c8d\u032a\u02e0\u025b\u027e\u02b2\u0259]) meaning \"oak grove\". In 1613, the city was granted a Royal Charter by King James I and gained the \"London\" prefix to reflect the funding of its construction by the London guilds. While the city is more usually known colloquially as Derry, Londonderry is also commonly used and remains the legal name.\nThe old walled city lies on the west bank of the River Foyle, which is spanned by two road bridges and one footbridge. The city now covers both banks (Cityside on the west and Waterside on the east). The population of the city was 83,652 at the 2001 Census, while the Derry Urban Area had a population of 90,736. The district administered by Derry City and Strabane District Council contains both Londonderry Port and City of Derry Airport.\nDerry is close to the border with County Donegal, with which it has had a close link for many centuries. The person traditionally seen as the founder of the original Derry is Saint Colmcille, a holy man from T\u00edr Chonaill, the old name for almost all of modern County Donegal, of which the west bank of the Foyle was a part before 1610.In 2013, Derry was the inaugural UK City of Culture, having been awarded the title in 2010.", "Q82780": "Czes\u0142aw Skonieczny (7 July 1894 \u2013 27 March 1946) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in more than 25 films between 1918 and 1941.", "Q93855": "Cvetka Lipu\u0161 (born 1966) is an Austrian poet writing in Slovenian.\nShe was born in Bad Eisenkappel in the Austrian state of Carinthia and is the daughter of the Carinthian Slovenian author Florjan Lipu\u0161. She attended the high school for Slovenes in Klagenfurt. She studied comparative literature and Slavic studies at the University of Vienna and University of Klagenfurt. She lived in the United States from the early 1990s to 2009 and studied library and information sciences at the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She moved to Salzburg, Austria, in 2009.\nShe began writing poems while still in her teens and edited her first collection, V lunini senci (In the Shadow of the Moon) in 1985. Four years later Pragovi dneva (Thresholds of the Day) was published, which was followed by Doba temnjenja (Times of Darkness) in 1993. Her fourth volume of poems, Geografija bli\u017eine (Geography of Closeness), appeared in 2000. In 2003, she published Spregatev milosti (Conjugating Mercy). This was followed by Obleganje sre\u010de (Siege of Happiness, 2008), Pojdimo vezat kosti (Let's Go Tie Up Some Bones, 2010), and Kaj smo, ko smo (What We Are When We Are, 2015)of which the English translation was nominated for the Canadian Robert Kroetsch Award for Poetry 2019.\nLipu\u0161 has received numerous prizes, and her poems have been translated into several other languages, including English, German, and Bulgarian.", "Q986362": "Lin Fengmian (Chinese: \u6797\u98a8\u7720; November 22, 1900 \u2013 August 12, 1991), originally Lin Fengming (\u6797\u51e4\u9e23), was a Chinese painter and is considered a pioneer of modern Chinese painting for blending Chinese and Western styles, he was one of the earliest Chinese painters to study in Europe. He was also an important innovator in the area of Chinese art education. He was one of the pioneers of Chinese modern art, who earned the title of \"The Four Great Academy Presidents\".", "Q1460719": "Vladimir Ivanovich Savchenko (Ukrainian: \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e) was a Soviet Ukrainian science fiction writer and engineer.\nBorn on February 15, 1933 in Poltava, he studied at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute and was an electronics engineer. Savchenko, who wrote in Russian as well as in his native Ukrainian language, published his first short stories in the late 1950s, and his first novel (Black Stars) in 1960. His works were often self-published. Savchenko also authored several texts about physics and engineering, including the article \"Sixteen New Formulas of Physics and Cosmology,\" which he considered to be his most important scientific text.As of today, Savchenko's works have been published in 29 countries and have been translated into many of the world's languages.He was found dead on January 19, 2005, in Kiev. He was 71 years old.", "Q271886": "Riisa Naka (\u4ef2 \u91cc\u4f9d\u7d17, Naka Riisa, born October 18, 1989, in Nagasaki Prefecture) is a Japanese actress. She was given a Best New Talent award at the 2009 Yokohama Film Festival. Naka became famous by appearing in Hachi One Diver (2008) and played the lead, Hana Adachi in Yankee-kun to Megane-chan (2010).", "Q90384": "Johannes Grenzfurthner (German: [jo\u02c8han\u0259s \u02c8gr\u025bntsf\u028a\u0250\u032ftn\u0250]; born 1975 in Vienna) is an Austrian artist, filmmaker, writer, actor, curator, theatre director, performer and lecturer. Grenzfurthner is the founder, conceiver and artistic director of monochrom, an international art and theory group. Most of his artworks are labelled monochrom. Grenzfurthner is an outspoken researcher in subversive and underground culture, for example the field of sexuality and technology, and one of the founders of 'techno-hedonism'.\nBoing Boing magazine referred to Grenzfurthner as leitnerd, a wordplay with the German term Leitkultur that ironically hints at Grenzfurthner's role in nerd/hacker/art culture.", "Q64563": "Seon is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q436996": "Emmanuelle Riva (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u025bman\u0265\u025bl \u0281iva]; 24 February 1927 \u2013 27 January 2017) was a French actress, best known for her roles in the films Hiroshima mon amour (1959) and Amour (2012).\nRiva was nominated for a BAFTA Award for her role in Hiroshima mon amour, and won Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival for Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Desqueyroux (1962). For her lead role in Michael Haneke's Amour, she won a BAFTA Award and the C\u00e9sar Award, and was nominated for an Academy Award.", "Q253399": "Hidria Spacefolk is a Finnish folk-influenced progressive / psychedelic rock / space rock band. The group's sound is often compared to Kingston Wall and Ozric Tentacles. The band describes their musical style as Astro-Beat. They use many different instruments such as the cello, violin, flute, didgeridoo, marimba, mandolin, sitar and vibraphone.Hidria Spacefolk's first album was the independently released EP HDRSF-1 in 2001. Their debut full-length, Symbiosis, was released a year later through Silence, a subsidiary label of Wolfgang Records. The band's second full-length album, Balansia, was released in 2004 and included Andy McCoy of Hanoi Rocks as a guest musician. The same year, a compilation album titled Violently Hippy rmxs was also released. The album contains remixes of Hidria Spacefolk's songs done by Finnish electronic music makers.On July 11, 2004, the band performed at the North East Art Rock Festival in Pennsylvania, US. They were the first group to appear that day. This performance was released as Live Eleven am, in 2005.In 2005 the band opened the second day of the international progressive rock festival that took place in Moscow, Russia.\n\n", "Q1687890": "Jerome Alan Yester (born January 9, 1943) is an American folk rock musician, record producer, and arranger.", "Q657308": "Lexx is a science fiction television series that follows the adventures of a group of mismatched individuals aboard the organic spacecraft Lexx. They travel through two universes and encounter planets, including a parody of the Earth. The narrative includes irony, parody, sexual topics, and fatalism.\nThe series is a Canadian and German co-production, with some additional funding from Britain's Channel 5. The Sci Fi Channel purchased the series from Salter Street Films and began airing versions of Season 2 episodes for United States' audience in January 2000. Lexx was co-produced by Salter Street Films, later absorbed by Alliance Atlantis. In Canada, Lexx aired on the Alliance Atlantis-owned Showcase network. The series was primarily filmed in Halifax (Nova Scotia, Canada) and Berlin (Germany), with additional filming on location in Iceland, Bangkok (Thailand), Namibia and London.", "Q72301": "G\u00fcnter Schlierkamp (born 2 February 1970) is a retired German IFBB professional bodybuilder. Schlierkamp was born in Olfen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany, where he grew up on a farm. In 1996 he married Carmen Jourst and moved to the United States, but they divorced in 2003. Four years later, he married American personal trainer Kim Lyons in March 2007.\nAfter a fourth place showing at the 2005 Mr. Olympia contest, Schlierkamp started training with legendary trainer Charles Glass. Schlierkamp had trained with Glass in 2002, and finished above 8-time Mr. Olympia Ronnie Coleman at the GNC Show of Strength. Hoping to gain an edge for the 2006 Mr. Olympia Title by training with Glass, Schlierkamp didn't manage to improve on the previous year's finish and ended in 10th place. In 2006 he had a role in an American movie Beerfest, released by the Broken Lizard comedy group.", "Q193105": "James Howard Woods (born April 18, 1947) is an American actor and producer. His best known roles are Videodrome (1983), Once Upon a Time in America (1984), Casino (1995), Nixon (1995), Contact (1997), the voice of Hades in Disney's animated feature Hercules (1997), and the voice of Falcon in the movie Stuart Little 2 (2002). Woods was nominated for two Academy Awards: one in the Best Actor category for Salvador (1986) and the other in the Best Supporting Actor category for Ghosts of Mississippi (1996). He is the recipient of two Primetime Emmy Awards for the television movies Promise (1987) and My Name Is Bill W. (1989). On television, he is known for his lead role in the CBS drama Shark (2006\u201308), his guest appearances in Showtime's Ray Donovan (2013) and for voice-acting as himself on various episodes of Family Guy and The Simpsons.", "Q3415299": "RPM Records was an American Los Angeles-based record label launched in 1950. This is not the same RPM used by Tony Bennett, nor is it related to labels in the UK and South Africa. \nRPM was a subsidiary of Modern Records and part of the Bihari Brothers record empire.\nIke Turner, who was a talent scout for the Bihari Brothers, arranged for many blues musicians such as Howlin' Wolf, B.B. King, and Roscoe Gordon to record for the Biharis. King released many successful singles on the RPM label. Paul Anka released his first single on RPM in 1956.In 1957, the Bihari Brothers announced that they were halting all album releases on both Modern and RPM, and that their released and scheduled albums for Modern and RPM would be issued on their Crown Records label.The catalogs and master tapes were sold to Ace Records (UK) in the 1990s.", "Q86280": "Simone Hanselmann (born 6 December 1979) is a German actress.\nShe started as a model and from 1998 to 1999, she played the role the bulimic schizophrenic model Anna Meisner (also Judith Unger and Susi) in the series Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten.\nShe has worked in movies such as Flashback \u2013 M\u00f6rderische Ferien and in more television series like Schulm\u00e4dchen or Alles au\u00dfer Sex.", "Q5126058": "Clara Martishia Woodruff Beebe (July 23, 1868 \u2013 December 27, 1927) was the second counselor in the general presidency of the Primary of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1905 to 1925.\nClara M. Woodruff was born in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory. She was the daughter of Wilford Woodruff and one of his plural wives, Emma Smith Woodruff. Clara married Ovando C. Beebe, with whom she had eight children.\nClara Beebe attended the University of Deseret. She had served in leadership positions of ward and stake primaries before being called to the Primary General Board in 1904. In 1905, she was asked by the general president of the primary, Louie B. Felt, to replace Josephine R. West as her second counselor. Beebe served in this capacity until the presidency was dissolved in 1925 when Felt stepped down due to ill health. From this time until her death, Beebe again was a member of the General Board of the Primary.\nAs a member of the general presidency, Beebe oversaw the performance of baptisms for the dead by Primary-age children.Beebe died in Salt Lake City at age 59 as a result of appendicitis.\n\n", "Q272431": "Vida Guerra (born March 19, 1974) is a Cuban-American glamour model. Her first notable appearance was in the U.S. edition of FHM magazine in December 2002; since then, she has modeled for many other men's magazines.", "Q264253": "Bohdan Sylvestrovych Stupka (Ukrainian: \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0430; 27 August 1941 \u2013 22 July 2012) was a popular Ukrainian actor and the minister of culture of Ukraine. He was born in Kulykiv, General Government to Ukrainian parents. In 2001 he was a member of the jury at the 23rd Moscow International Film Festival. At the 26th Moscow International Film Festival he won the award for Best Actor for his role in Our Own.Stupka has played more than a hundred roles in films and over fifty in theaters. Stupka has been awarded the title Artist of Ukraine and People's Artist of the USSR. Hero of Ukraine (The Order of the State) (2011).\nBohdan Stupka was buried on Baikove Cemetery in Kyiv.\nHis son Ostap Stupka is also an actor.", "Q946146": "Frederik Reesen Magle (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8f\u0281e\u00f0\u02c0\u0281ek \u02c8m\u0251wl\u0259]; born 17 April 1977) is a Danish composer, concert organist, and pianist. He writes contemporary classical music as well as fusion of classical music and other genres. His compositions include orchestral works, cantatas, chamber music, and solo works (mainly for organ), including several compositions commissioned by the Danish Royal Family. Magle has gained a reputation as an organ virtuoso, and as a composer and performing artist who does not refrain from venturing into more experimental projects \u2013 often with improvisation \u2013 bordering jazz, electronica, and other non-classical genres.His best-known works include his concerto for organ and orchestra The Infinite Second, his brass quintet piece Lys p\u00e5 din vej (Light on your path), composed for the christening of Prince Nikolai, The Hope for brass band and choir, his symphonic suite Cantabile, and a collection of improvisations for organ titled Like a Flame.", "Q107770": "Johann Heinrich Schr\u00f6der (12 December 1784 \u2013 28 June 1883) was a member of the Hanseatic Schr\u00f6der family of Hamburg, who settled in London and founded Schroders, one of the United Kingdom's largest investment banks.", "Q881419": "Blanche Thomas (October 5, 1922 \u2013 April 21, 1977) was an American blues and jazz singer, based in New Orleans.", "Q108443": "Agnes von Zahn-Harnack (19 June, 1884, Gie\u00dfen \u2013 22 May 1950, Berlin) was German teacher, writer and bourgeois women's rights activist.", "Q232015": "Maite Perroni Beorlegui (born March 9, 1983) is a Mexican actress, singer, songwriter and model, who is best known for starring in the Mexican telenovelas Rebelde (2004), Cuidado con el \u00e1ngel (2008), Mi Pecado (2009) Triunfo del Amor (2010), Cachito de cielo (2012), La Gata (2014), Antes muerta que Lichita (2015) and Pap\u00e1 a toda madre (2017).\nShe further gained international fame as a member of the Latin Grammy nominated Latin pop group RBD. In 2016 she won the Premios TVyNovelas of Best Actress of the Year for her work in Antes muerta que Lichita. In 2009, Perroni was named \"The New Queen of The Telenovelas\" by Univision.In 2012, she signed a contract with Warner Music Group and the following year Perroni released her first solo album Eclipse de Luna (2013), which debuted in the third position at Amprofon Top 20, the main table of Mexican albums, and got to ninth position on the Billboard Latin Albums and second in Latin Pop Albums.", "Q22250": "Maria Elaine Cantwell (born October 13, 1958) is an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Washington, first elected in 2000. A Democrat, she previously served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1987 to 1993 and the United States House of Representatives from Washington's 1st congressional district from 1993 to 1995.\nBorn and raised in Indianapolis, Indiana, Cantwell graduated from Miami University before moving to Seattle to work on Alan Cranston's 1984 presidential campaign. In 1986, she was elected to the state house of representatives, where she served until her election to Congress in 1992. Cantwell served one term in Congress before losing her seat to Republican Rick White in the 1994 Republican Revolution. She then briefly worked in the private sector as Vice President of Marketing for RealNetworks.\nDespite having vowed to remain out of politics, Cantwell ran for the United States Senate in 2000. She defeated Republican incumbent Slade Gorton in one of the closest elections in the state's history. Cantwell was reelected in 2006, 2012, and 2018. Upon the February 2017 resignation of Jeff Sessions to become United States Attorney General, she became the most senior junior senator. She is the second female senator from Washington, after Patty Murray.", "Q1634482": "Hugh Burnton Mitchell (March 22, 1907 \u2013 June 10, 1996), an American U.S. Senator and Congressman, served as a member of the United States Senate from 1944 to 1946 and as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1949 to 1953. He represented the state of Washington. He left Dartmouth College and the class of 1930 in 1929 when the Great Crash hit. He traveled to Washington State and a job as a sports reporter in 1929, but the political reporter for the Everett News was removed to prevent bias, as she was involved with the Mayor. Mitchell took over the political beat and, assessing the changing political climate, was among the first if not the first in the area to predict Franklin Roosevelt's victory as President in 1932.\nMitchell, a Democrat, was appointed on January 10, 1945 to fill a vacancy in the Senate caused by the resignation of Monrad Wallgren, who Mitchell had been executive assistant to since 1933. He proposed extending the Marshal Plan to Asia, seeing economic and infrastructure development as critical to the development of democracy. This was defeated on budget grounds by Republican adversaries, setting the stage for Truman's dependence on military containment of communist expansion, and the readmission of France to Viet Nam after World War II as a part of containment. He did not win re-election in 1946, and resigned on December 25, 1946 to give his successor seniority in committee assignments important to Washington State.\nIn 1948, Mitchell won election to the House of Representatives in the First Congressional District. He won his bid for re-election in 1950. He proposed integrated resource planning for the Columbia River Valley, adding fish and watershed management to irrigation and power production. This was defeated by a coalition of industrial and bureaucratic interests, including irrigation and power production private concerns and the Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of Land Management, whose authority and budgets were threatened. In 1952, Mitchell did not run for re-election, instead running for Governor of Washington to pursue state development including Columbia River Valley integrated resource development. He was unsuccessful in that election, as well as in his candidacies for the House of Representatives in 1954 and 1958. He was later appointed by President Carter to the Presidential Commission on Japanese Internment during World War II. This Commission considered that Constitutional guarantees had been violated by internment and recommended reparation to those affected.\nMitchell was known as a reformer while in Congress and helped expose the scandal surrounding the sale of World War II surplus property.", "Q619067": "Apollo 440 (also known as Apollo Four Forty or @440) are an English electronic music group formed in Liverpool in 1990. The group has written, recorded, and produced five studio albums, collaborated with and produced other artists, remixed as Apollo 440 and as ambient cinematic alter-ego Stealth Sonic Orchestra, and created music for film, television, advertisements and multimedia. Over eleven years, they notched up eleven top-forty UK singles with three top-tens, and had a chart presence worldwide.\nIts name comes from the Greek god Apollo and the frequency of concert pitch \u2014 the A note at 440 Hz, often denoted as \"A440\", and the Sequential Circuits sampler/sequencer, the Studio 440. They changed the writing of their name from Apollo 440 to Apollo Four Forty in 1996, though they switched back for their latest album. To date, Apollo's remixes number around sixty - from U2 in the early 1990s to Puff Daddy/Jimmy Page and Ennio Morricone a decade later. Among their Stealth Sonic Orchestra remixes are a series of Manic Street Preachers singles.", "Q191074": "Babel is a 2006 psychological drama film directed by Alejandro Gonz\u00e1lez I\u00f1\u00e1rritu and written by Guillermo Arriaga. It stars an ensemble cast. The multi-narrative drama completes Arriaga's and I\u00f1\u00e1rritu's Death Trilogy, following Amores perros and 21 Grams. It is an international co-production among companies based in the United States and Mexico. The film portrays multiple stories taking place in Morocco, Japan, Mexico and the US.\nBabel was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival, where Gonz\u00e1lez I\u00f1\u00e1rritu won the Best Director Award. The film was later screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. The film opened in selected cities in the United States on 27 October 2006, and went into wide release on 10 November 2006. Babel won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama, and received seven Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Supporting Actress for both Rinko Kikuchi and Adriana Barraza, winning for Best Original Score.", "Q21759": "Winifred Byanyima (born 13 January 1959) is a Ugandan aeronautical engineer, politician, and diplomat. She is the executive director of UNAIDS, effective November 2019. She was appointed to that position in August 2019, by the United Nations Secretary-General, Ant\u00f3nio Guterres, following a comprehensive selection process that involved a search committee constituted by members of the UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board. In her new position she concurrently serves as a United Nations Under-Secretary-General.Before that, from May 2013 until November 2019, she served as the executive director of Oxfam International. She has served as the director of the Gender Team in the Bureau for Development Policy at the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) from 2006.", "Q229353": "Holly Rachel Candy (n\u00e9e Vukadinovi\u0107 born 11 May 1983), known professionally as Holly Valance, is a British Australian actress, singer and model. Valance began her acting career on the Australian soap opera Neighbours, as Felicity Scully (1999\u20132002, 2005). She released her first album, Footprints (October 2002), which provided her top 3 singles, \"Kiss Kiss\" (April 2002), \"Down Boy\" (September) and \"Naughty Girl\" (December). By that time she had relocated to Los Angeles. Her second and final album, State of Mind, appeared in November 2003. Her film roles include, DOA: Dead or Alive (2006), Pledge This! (2006), Taken (2008) and Kambakkht Ishq (2009). Valance has lived in England since 2009 and became a contestant on Strictly Come Dancing (2011). In 2013 she was a mentor and judge of fashion competition, Shopaholic Showdown. In September 2012 Valance married British property developer, Nick Candy; the couple have two children.", "Q1176398": "David Rovics (born April 10, 1967) is an American indie singer/songwriter and anarchist. His music concerns topical subjects such as the 2003 Iraq war, anti-globalization and social justice issues. Rovics has been an outspoken critic of former President George W. Bush, the Republican Party, John Kerry, and the Democratic Party.\nRovics is critical of the United States government's policies and claims that the \"U.S. government's foreign policy represents U.S. corporate interests\" and that \"the U.S. government does not like democracy either at home or abroad.\"Although some of Rovics' work is not self-published, and much of it is commercially distributed, Rovics has made all of his recorded music freely available as downloadable mp3 files. He encourages the free distribution of his work by all non-profit means to promote his work and spread political messages, and speaks out against websites or programs like iTunes that charge money for downloading his songs. Rovics has also advocated the performing of his songs at protests and demonstrations and has made his sheet music and lyrics available for download.", "Q105167": "Thomas Leo Clancy Jr. (April 12, 1947 \u2013 October 1, 2013) was an American novelist best known for his technically detailed espionage and military-science storylines set during and after the Cold War. Seventeen of his novels were bestsellers, and more than 100 million copies of his books were sold. His name was also used on movie scripts written by ghostwriters, nonfiction books on military subjects occasionally with co-authors, and video games. He was a part-owner of his hometown Major League Baseball team, the Baltimore Orioles of the American League and vice-chairman of their community activities and public affairs committees.\nClancy's literary career began in 1984 when he sold his first military thriller novel The Hunt for Red October for $5,000 published by the small academic Naval Institute Press of Annapolis, Maryland.\nHis works The Hunt for Red October (1984), Patriot Games (1987), Clear and Present Danger (1989), and The Sum of All Fears (1991) have been turned into commercially successful films. Actors Alec Baldwin, Harrison Ford, Ben Affleck, Chris Pine, and John Krasinski have played Clancy's most famous fictional character, Jack Ryan. Another well-known character of his, John Clark, has been portrayed by actors Willem Dafoe and Liev Schreiber. Tom Clancy's works also inspired games such as the Ghost Recon, Rainbow Six, and Splinter Cell series. Since Clancy's death in 2013, the Jack Ryan series has been continued by his family estate through a series of authors.", "Q914": "Volgograd (UK: , US: ; Russian: \u0412\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0434, IPA: [v\u0259\u026b\u0261\u0250\u02c8\u0261rat] (listen)), formerly Tsaritsyn (Russian: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0446\u044b\u043d\u200b ), 1589\u20131925, and Stalingrad (; Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0434\u200b ), 1925\u20131961, is an industrial city and the administrative centre of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The city lies on the western bank of the Volga River. \nThe Battle of Stalingrad in World War II was one of the largest and bloodiest battles in the history of warfare. Known locally as the \"Hero City\", it is home to The Motherland Calls, an 85-metre statue dedicated to the heroes of the battle. The city also has many tourist attractions, such as museums, sandy beaches, and a self-propelled floating church. Its population was 1,021,215 at the 2010 Census, growing from 1,011,417 in the 2002 Census.", "Q85789": "Franz Mazura (22 April 1924 \u2013 23 January 2020) was an Austrian bass-baritone opera singer and actor. He performed at the Bayreuth Festival from 1971 for 25 years and at the Metropolitan Opera for 15 years. He was made a Kammers\u00e4nger in 1980 and an Honorary Member of the Nationaltheater Mannheim in 1990. He most often played villains and strange characters, with signature roles including Klingsor in Wagner's Parsifal. Mazura took part in world premieres, such as the double role of Dr. Sch\u00f6n and Jack the Ripper in the world premiere of the completed version of Alban Berg's Lulu at the Paris Opera in 1979, and as Abraham in Giorgio Battistelli's Lot in 2017. Two of his recordings received Grammy Awards. His voice was described as with dark timbre, powerful and like granite (\"dunkel gef\u00e4rbt, kr\u00e4ftig und wie Granit\"), with perfect diction. His acting ability was described as \"well-supplied with vivid imaginative touches, whether deployed in comic roles or characters of inexorable malevolence. Mazura could achieve more impact with a lifted eyebrow or a belligerently thrust chin than many artists could with a ten-minute monologue.\" He had a long career, appearing at the Staatsoper Berlin the night before his 95th birthday.\n\n", "Q69721": "La Tour-de-Peilz (French pronunciation: \u200b[latu\u0281d\u0259p\u025b]) is a municipality in Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut District in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The city is located on Lake Geneva between Montreux and Vevey (their agglomeration counting some 80,000 inhabitants).", "Q1662834": "The Union of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities (German: Union der deutschen Akademien der Wissenschaften) is an umbrella organisation for eight German academies of sciences and humanities.\nThe member academies are:\n\nBerlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities\nG\u00f6ttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities\nBavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities\nSaxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities\nHeidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities\nAkademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz\nNorth Rhine-Westphalian Academy of Sciences, Humanities and the Arts\nAcademy of Sciences and Humanities in Hamburg", "Q957063": "Charles Drake (October 2, 1917 \u2013 September 10, 1994) was an American actor.", "Q2686748": "Mykola Fedotovich Biliashivsky (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0456\u043b\u044f\u0448\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439; 24 October 1867, Uman \u2013 21 April 1926, Kiev) was a Ukrainian archaeologist, ethnographer, and art historian.", "Q99388": "Ren\u00e9e Stobrawa (1897\u20131971) was a German screenwriter and film actress.", "Q52947": "Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson of the Vasa noble family and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496 \u2013 29 September 1560), was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560, previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm (Riksf\u00f6rest\u00e5ndare) from 1521, during the ongoing Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Born into a noble family, Gustav rose to lead the rebel movement following the Stockholm Bloodbath, where his father was executed. Gustav's election as King on 6 June 1523 and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union.As king, Gustav proved an energetic administrator with a ruthless streak not inferior to his predecessor's, brutally suppressing subsequent uprisings (three in Dalarna \u2013 which had once been the first region to support his claim to the throne \u2013 one in V\u00e4sterg\u00f6tland, and one in Sm\u00e5land). He worked to raise taxes and bring about a Reformation in Sweden, replacing the prerogatives of local landowners, noblemen and clergy with centrally appointed governors and bishops. His 37-year rule, which was the longest of a mature Swedish king to that date (subsequently passed by Gustav V and Carl XVI Gustav) saw a complete break with not only the Danish supremacy but also the Roman Catholic Church, whose assets were nationalised, with the Lutheran Church of Sweden established under his personal control. He became the first truly autocratic native Swedish sovereign and was a skilled bureaucrat and propagandist, with tales of his largely fictitious adventures during the liberation struggle still widespread to this day. In 1544, he abolished Medieval Sweden's elective monarchy and replaced it with a hereditary monarchy under the House of Vasa, which held the Swedish throne until 1654. Thus, three of his sons, Eric XIV, John III and Charles IX, all held the kingship at different points.Gustav I has subsequently been labelled the founder of modern Sweden, and the \"father of the nation\". Gustav liked to compare himself to Moses, whom he believed to have also liberated his people and established a sovereign state. As a person, Gustav was known for ruthless methods and a bad temper, but also a fondness for music and had a certain sly wit and ability to outmaneuver and annihilate his opponents. He founded one of the now oldest orchestras of the world, the Kungliga Hovkapellet (Royal Court Orchestra). Royal housekeeping accounts from 1526 mention twelve musicians including wind players and a timpanist but no string players. Today the Kungliga Hovkapellet is the orchestra of the Royal Swedish Opera.", "Q329409": "Aleksey Mikhailovich Igudesman (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0418\u0433\u0443\u0301\u0434\u0435\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d; born 22 February 1973) is a Russian-German violinist, composer, conductor, comedian and actor. He performs in the comedy-musical duo Igudesman & Joo.\n\n", "Q14912": "Saarlouis (German pronunciation: [\u02ccza\u02d0\u0250\u032flu\u02c8i\u02d0]; French: Sarrelouis, French pronunciation: \u200b[sa\u0281lwi]) is a city in the Saarland, (Germany), capital of the district of Saarlouis. In 2017, the town had a population of 34,758. Saarlouis, as the name implies, is located on the River Saar.\nIt was built as a fortress in 1680 and named after Louis XIV of France.", "Q1699338": "John Birch (1922 \u2013 6 November 2000) was an English luthier mainly known for his electric guitars. His customers included Tony Iommi and Geezer Butler of Black Sabbath, Brian May of Queen, Manny Charlton of Nazareth, Dave Hill and Jim Lea of Slade, Gerry Shephard of The Glitter Band, and Roy Orbison.", "Q833283": "The Birthday Massacre (abbreviated TBM) is a Canadian rock band, formed in 1999 in London, Ontario, and currently based in Toronto, Ontario. The current lineup consists of lead vocalist Chibi, rhythm guitarist Rainbow, lead guitarist Falcore, keyboardist Owen, drummer Philip Elliot, and bassist Brett Carruthers.\nWhen the band formed in 1999, they were known as Imagica. This name was inspired by the fantasy novel Imajica (1991) by Clive Barker. In 2002, they changed the name to The Birthday Massacre after one of their earlier songs in order to avoid confusion with another group. The song \"The Birthday Massacre\" was then renamed to \"Happy Birthday\". According to their vocalist Chibi: \"it kind of works well for the music that we're making. Sort of contrasty, you know? Birthday, and massacre. Light, and dark. Cute, and evil\".TBM have released seven studio albums: Nothing and Nowhere (2002), Violet (2005), Walking With Strangers (2007), Pins and Needles (2010), Hide and Seek (2012), Superstition (2014) and Under Your Spell (2017). Their eighth studio album, Diamonds, was released in March 2020.\nThey also issued the DVD Blue (2005), the live album/DVD Show and Tell (2009), the demo album Imagica, and the EPs Violet (2004), Looking Glass (2008), Imaginary Monsters (2011).", "Q1282289": "Edward John Boon (born February 22, 1964) is an American video game programmer, philanthropist, voice actor, and director who was employed for over 15 years at Midway Games and since 2011 has worked for Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment in its company NetherRealm Studios. Boon is best known for the widely popular Mortal Kombat series, which he created with John Tobias. Boon and Tobias' last names backwards are the basis for the name of the Mortal Kombat character Noob Saibot.", "Q53481": "S\u00e1t\u00e1ntang\u00f3 (Hungarian: [\u02c8\u0283a\u02d0ta\u02d0nt\u0252\u014b\u0261o\u02d0]; meaning 'Satan's Tango') is a 1994 Hungarian art drama film directed by B\u00e9la Tarr. Shot in black-and-white, it runs for more than seven hours. It is based on the novel Satantango by Hungarian novelist L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Krasznahorkai, who had been providing Tarr with stories since his 1988 film Damnation. Tarr had wanted to make the film since 1985 but was unable to proceed with the production due to the strict political environment in Hungary.\nIn the years since its release, S\u00e1t\u00e1ntang\u00f3 has received wide acclaim from film critics, and is considered one of the greatest films ever made. In 2012, it appeared in the British Film Institute's Sight & Sound critics' top 50 films.", "Q149351": "Above and Beyonc\u00e9: Video Collection & Dance Mixes is a remix and video album by American singer Beyonc\u00e9. It was released on June 16, 2009 through Columbia Records and Music World Entertainment exclusively to Walmart and J&R, although it was later made available through other retailers. Consisting of two discs, the album features music videos on one disc and dance remixes on the other. Above and Beyonc\u00e9: Video Collection & Dance Mixes peaked at number thirty-five on the US Billboard 200, and received generally favorable reviews from music critics. It also appeared on US Billboard's component charts, Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and Dance/Electronic Albums. The remix version of \"Ego\" included on the album, featuring Kanye West, was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards (2010).", "Q267772": "Garry Glen Chalk (born February 17, 1952) is a British-Canadian actor and voice actor. He has provided the voices for Optimus Primal of Beast Wars: Transformers and Beast Machines, as well as Optimus Prime in the anime English dubs of Transformers: Armada, Transformers Energon, and Transformers: Cybertron, and also was the third American voice of Dr. Robotnik for Sonic Underground. He has lent his voice to over 30 animated television series and has been in films such as The Fly II, Godzilla and Freddy vs. Jason. He played the recurring role of Col. Chekov on Stargate SG-1. He is perhaps best known for his recurring role as Inspector Andrew Pawlachuk on Cold Squad.", "Q1564543": "Christian Friedrich (or Frederick) Wilhelm von der Ahe (German: [f\u0254n d\u0250 \u02c8\u0294a\u02d0h\u0259]; October 7, 1851 \u2013 June 5, 1913) was a German-American entrepreneur, best known as the owner of the St. Louis Brown Stockings of the American Association, now known as the St. Louis Cardinals.\nVon der Ahe arrived in New York City but quickly moved to St. Louis, where he worked as a clerk in a grocery store. Later, he bought out the store owner and expanded business by establishing a saloon in the back of the store. Von der Ahe noticed that a number of his patrons visited the saloon after baseball games, so in 1882, he bought the bankrupt and scandal-ridden St. Louis Brown Stockings baseball franchise for $1,800 and joined the American Association baseball league. He named the team the Browns and hired future Chicago White Sox owner Charles Comiskey to play first base and eventually manage the team.\nVon der Ahe took a very active role in the team, even though he knew almost nothing about baseball. Other than player/manager/owner Albert Spalding, Von der Ahe was the first baseball owner with a significant public persona, the predecessor of Bill Veeck, Charlie Finley and George Steinbrenner in this regard. With his thick German accent (\"I am der poss bresident of der Prowns!\") bushy mustache and showmanship, he was as much of a story as his players.\nThe Browns dominated the American Association, winning four straight league championships starting in 1885, and the baseball, beer, and other investments made von der Ahe wealthy. He made $500,000 off the baseball team alone. He set the ticket price at 25 cents, hoping fans would spend money on beer. As a result, the Browns led the league in attendance and soon had to expand his ballpark. The term fan (from fanatic) is sometimes attributed to von der Ahe.In 1885, von der Ahe erected a larger-than-life statue outside of Sportsman's Park, not of any of his star players, but of himself. A sportswriter from Denver mockingly dubbed the statue \"Von der Ahe discovers Illinois.\" Although eccentric, von der Ahe made a number of innovations, including operating a farm club called the St. Louis Whites. Also, tradition holds that von der Ahe was the first to sell hot dogs at the ballpark, although some historians dispute this. Von der Ahe billed himself as the \"Millionaire Sportsman\".In 1887, after a poor showing in the World Series, the ill-tempered von der Ahe threatened to withhold his players' share of the earnings. In 1891, he was also majority owner of the Cincinnati Kelly's Killers which played for part of one season in the American Association. In 1892 the team joined the National League after the American Association folded. By this time, Comiskey had lost patience with von der Ahe and left for the Cincinnati Reds. Without Comiskey, the Browns quickly became a last-place team.\nLegal problems plagued von der Ahe's ownership, especially in the later years. In an effort to recoup his losses, in 1892 he moved to a larger ballpark, which he surrounded with an amusement park, complete with beer garden, a horse track in the outfield, a \"shoot-the-shoots\" water flume ride, and an artificial lake (used for ice skating in winter). The league, which prohibited gambling on its grounds, disapproved of the race track; so did von der Ahe's outfielders. The press called the facility \"Coney Island West\" and nicknamed von der Ahe \"Von der Ha Ha.\"\nWith losses still piling up, von der Ahe resorted to selling off his best players, mostly to Brooklyn. In 1898, part of the ballpark burned down during an April game with Chicago; his second wife divorced him; and his bondsman kidnapped him for not paying his debts. In a highly publicized trial connected with the fire, von der Ahe lost his baseball team. The Browns changed hands twice and changed their name twice, first to the Perfectos (1899) and then to the Cardinals (1900). The American League team known as the St. Louis Browns from 1902 to 1953 had no connection to von der Ahe's team aside from the name, which was designed to invoke the memory of the 1885\u20131889 era.\nVon der Ahe soon lost his other wealth as well and was reduced to tending bar in a small saloon. Comiskey frequently sent von der Ahe money to help make ends meet. In April 1908, the St. Louis Cardinals and St. Louis Browns played each other in a benefit game for him. The club raised $4,300.", "Q46932": "Ismail Qemali (Albanian: [isma\u02c8il c\u025bma\u02d0li] (listen); 16 January 1844 \u2013 24 January 1919) was an Albanian diplomat, politician, rilindas, statesman and the Founding Father of modern Albania. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, he previously served as the first Prime and Foreign Minister of Albania during the period from 1912 to 1914.Born and raised in Vlor\u00eb into a wealthy Tosk family, Qemali developed an early interest in languages and mastered French, Greek, Italian and Turkish in Ioannina and subsequently studied law in Istanbul. He passionately travelled across Europe, particularly Belgium, France, England and Italy, and returned to Albania after the Young Turk Revolution.", "Q85979": "Avraham Ben-Yitzhak (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4\u05dd \u05d1\u05df \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7\u200e; 1883 \u2013 1950) was an Israeli Hebrew poet.", "Q123836": "Daniel Gonzalo Pino (born April 15, 1974) is an American actor who starred as Detective Scotty Valens on the CBS series Cold Case from 2003 to 2010, and as NYPD Detective Nick Amaro in the long-running NBC legal drama Law & Order: Special Victims Unit from 2011 to 2015. In 2002, he appeared in London's West End in Up for Grabs with Madonna. In May 2003, Pino played Desi Arnaz in a CBS special on the life of Lucille Ball, Lucy. He is currently playing drug cartel leader Miguel Galindo on Mayans M.C. (a Sons of Anarchy spinoff) airing on FX, and FBI agent John Bishop in procedural crime drama Gone.", "Q41085": "Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU or simply Seongdae, hangul: \uc131\uade0\uad00\ub300\ud559\uad50; hanja: \u6210\u5747\u9928\u5927\u5b78\u6821) is a private comprehensive research university in South Korea. The institution traces its origins to the historical Sungkyunkwan founded in 1398 by the Joseon Dynasty located in the heart of central Seoul. As the foremost educational institution of the Joseon Kingdom, it was governed by the great code of the state administration with royal assent. It was restructured into a university in the late nineteenth century, and has since greatly expanded its course offerings and reputation, which is attributed to its numerous influential graduates, strong research output, and close partnership with Samsung.\nBeing one of the premier universities in the country, SKKU has been consistently maintaining its reputation internationally as well. It was featured in Nature Index in 2017 as one of the premier universities in South Korea. QS World University Rankings 2020 ranks it 95th, while Times Higher Education puts SKKU in 82nd place worldwide.The university spends heavily on research and development, mostly funded by its primary sponsor tech-giant Samsung, Hyundai and other government funding agencies, producing high-end research scientists. Among the internationally notable research scientists of the university, professor Park Nam-Gyu of Chemical engineering, who was nominated as one of the potential Chemistry Nobel laureates in 2017 by Clarivate Analytics, and professor Lee Young-hee, director of the Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics in the Institute for Basic Science, are currently active in research at this university, frequently coming into spotlight in Nature.", "Q5092": "Baltimore ( BAWL-tim-or, locally: ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the 30th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 602,495 in 2018 and also the largest such independent city in the country. Baltimore was established by the Constitution of Maryland as an independent city in 1851. As of 2017, the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be just under 2.802 million, making it the 21st largest metropolitan area in the country. Baltimore is located about 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Washington, D.C., making it a principal city in the Washington-Baltimore combined statistical area (CSA), the fourth-largest CSA in the nation, with a calculated 2018 population of 9,797,063.The city's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States. In addition, Baltimore was a major manufacturing center. After a decline in major manufacturing, heavy industry, and restructuring of the rail industry, Baltimore has shifted to a service-oriented economy. Johns Hopkins Hospital (founded 1889) and Johns Hopkins University (founded 1876) are the city's top two employers.With hundreds of identified districts, Baltimore has been dubbed a \"city of neighborhoods.\" Famous residents have included writers Edgar Allan Poe, Edith Hamilton, Frederick Douglass, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ogden Nash, Gertrude Stein, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Dashiell Hammett, Upton Sinclair, Tom Clancy, Ta-Nehisi Coates, and H. L. Mencken; musicians James \"Eubie\" Blake, Billie Holiday, Cab Calloway, Tori Amos, Frank Zappa, Tupac Shakur, Dan Deacon, Robbie Basho, Bill Frisell, Philip Glass, Cass Elliot, and Ric Ocasek ; actors and filmmakers John Waters, Barry Levinson, Divine, David Hasselhoff, Don Messick, John Kassir, Jada Pinkett Smith, and Mo'Nique; artist Jeff Koons; baseball player Babe Ruth; swimmer Michael Phelps; radio host Ira Glass; television host Mike Rowe; Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall; Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi; and United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Ben Carson. During the War of 1812, Francis Scott Key wrote \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" in Baltimore after the bombardment of Fort McHenry. His poem was set to music and popularized as a song; in 1931 it was designated as the American national anthem.Baltimore has more public statues and monuments per capita than any other city in the country, and is home to some of the earliest National Register Historic Districts in the nation, including Fell's Point, Federal Hill, and Mount Vernon. These were added to the National Register between 1969 and 1971, soon after historic preservation legislation was passed. Nearly one third of the city's buildings (over 65,000) are designated as historic in the National Register, which is more than any other U.S. city.", "Q69709": "Sent is a former municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss Canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Ardez, Guarda, Tarasp, Ftan and Sent merged into the municipality of Scuol.", "Q102620": "Klaus P. Arnold (born 1944) is a German lawyer and local politician. He is a representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. Since 1991 he has been Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Cultural Foundation.\nArnold studied from 1963 to 1968 at the Ludwig-Maximilians University in his birth city of Munich. After his clerkship, he went to the University of Zurich and received his doctorate. Subsequently, he was from 1972 to 1974 an accountant in various industries and mid-sized companies. In 1975 he settled in Munich as a lawyer, specializing in civil and commercial law.\nIn addition to his professional activity, he became politically and socially involved. From 1971 to 1979 he was a member of the Land Executive of the Young Union. In 1972 he took over the municipal council of his hometown Gauting. From 1987 to 1996 he was Deputy Governor of the district of Starnberg.\nFour years after its founding in 1976 he took over the chairmanship of the German Children's Fund, which he retained until 1980. Since 1985 he has been President of the Fondazione Rotonda Romana. In 1991 he took over the chairmanship of the Cultural Foundation Board of Trustees, the annual German Culture Prize awards. Since 1992 he is also chairman of the Vera and Volker-Doppelfeld foundations for science, culture and education.", "Q261465": "Susan Lillian Townsend, FRSL (n\u00e9e Johnstone, 2 April 1946 \u2013 10 April 2014), was an English writer and humorist whose work encompasses novels, plays and works of journalism. She was best known for creating the character Adrian Mole.\nAfter writing in secret from the age of 14, Townsend first became known for her plays, her signature character first appearing in a radio drama, but her work soon expanded into other forms. She enjoyed great success in the 1980s, with her Adrian Mole books selling more copies than any other work of fiction in Britain during the decade. This series, which eventually encompassed nine books, takes the form of the character's diaries. The earliest books recount the life of a teenage boy during the Thatcher years, but the sequence eventually depicts Adrian Mole in middle age. \nThe Queen and I (1992), another popular work which was well received, was an outlet for her republican sentiments, although the Royal Family is still rendered with sympathy. Both the earliest Adrian Mole book and The Queen and I were adapted for the stage and enjoyed successful runs in London's West End.\nTownsend was poor until well into her thirties, and used her experiences of hardship in her work. In her later years she suffered ill health, in part related to the diabetes she developed in the mid-1980s, and in her last years endured serious sight and mobility problems.", "Q464746": "Gurdeep Roy (born Mohinder Purba; 26 January 1957), known professionally as Deep Roy, is a Kenyan-born Indian-American actor, stuntman and puppeteer of Indian descent. At 132 centimetres (4 ft 4 in) tall, he has often been cast as diminutive characters, such as Teeny Weeny in The NeverEnding Story and the Oompa-Loompas in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Keenser in Star Trek and subsequent films (\"Kelvin Timeline\"), and in television series such as The X-Files, Doctor Who and Eastbound & Down.", "Q717076": "Georges Leclanch\u00e9 (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 l\u0259kl\u0251\u0303\u0283e]; October 9, 1839 \u2013 September 14, 1882) was a French electrical engineer chiefly remembered for his invention of the Leclanch\u00e9 cell, one of the first modern electrical batteries and the forerunner of the modern dry cell battery.", "Q196055": "Edward William Frank James (16 August 1907 \u2013 2 December 1984) was a British poet known for his patronage of the surrealist art movement.", "Q945301": "Hans Ramberg (15 March 1917 \u2013 7 June 1998) was a Norwegian-Swedish geologist. The mineral rambergite was named after him. He was a pioneer in tectonic modelling with a centrifuge.", "Q181529": "Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 \u2013 February 9, 2001) was an American economist, political scientist and cognitive psychologist, whose primary research interest was decision-making within organizations and is best known for the theories of \"bounded rationality\" and \"satisficing\". He received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1978 and the Turing Award in 1975. His research was noted for its interdisciplinary nature and spanned across the fields of cognitive science, computer science, public administration, management, and political science. He was at Carnegie Mellon University for most of his career, from 1949 to 2001.Notably, Simon was among the pioneers of several modern-day scientific domains such as artificial intelligence, information processing, decision-making, problem-solving, organization theory, and complex systems. He was among the earliest to analyze the architecture of complexity and to propose a preferential attachment mechanism to explain power law distributions.", "Q135932": "The Invisible Man is a 1933 American pre-Code science fiction horror film directed by James Whale. Based on H. G. Wells' 1897 science fiction novel The Invisible Man and produced by Universal Pictures, the film stars Claude Rains, in his first American screen appearance, and Gloria Stuart. The film was written by R.C. Sherriff, along with Philip Wylie and Preston Sturges, though the latter duo's work was considered unsatisfactory and they were taken off the project. As an adaptation of a book, the film has been described as a \"nearly perfect translation of the spirit of the tale\" upon which it is based. The first film in Universal's Invisible Man film series, it spawned a number of sequels and spin-offs which used ideas of an \"invisible man\" that were largely unrelated to Wells' original story.\nRains portrayed the Invisible Man (Dr. Jack Griffin) mostly only as a disembodied voice. Rains is only shown clearly for a brief time at the end of the film, spending most of his on-screen time covered by bandages. In 2008, The Invisible Man was selected for the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"", "Q39658": "Carl Peter Thunberg, also known as Karl Peter von Thunberg, Carl Pehr Thunberg, or Carl Per Thunberg (11 November 1743 \u2013 8 August 1828), was a Swedish naturalist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus. He has been called \"the father of South African botany\", \"pioneer of Occidental Medicine in Japan\" and the \"Japanese Linnaeus\".\n\n", "Q111884": "Liselotte Malkowsky (9 October 1913 \u2013 16 February 1965) was a German singer, actress, and cabaret artist.Malkowsky appeared in 1950s German films as a cabaret singer, and released a number of records, including a 1949 recording of Charles Trenet's song \"La Mer\" which enjoyed a certain popularity in Germany.", "Q96905": "Jan Jelinek is a German electronic musician who also operates under the names Farben, Gramm and The Exposures. His music is usually categorized as minimal techno, glitch or microhouse, and is characterized by deep basslines, extensive use of samples from earlier jazz and rock recordings, and clicks & cuts effects. He is the founder of the German record label Faitiche.", "Q235034": "The University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) is a state-related research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Pitt was founded as the Pittsburgh Academy in 1787 on the edge of the American frontier. It developed and was renamed as Western University of Pennsylvania by a change to its charter in 1819. After surviving two devastating fires and various relocations within the area, the school moved to its current location in the Oakland neighborhood of the city; it was renamed as the University of Pittsburgh in 1908. Pitt was a private institution until 1966 when it became part of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education.\nThe university is composed of 17 undergraduate and graduate schools and colleges at its urban Pittsburgh campus, home to the university's central administration and 28,391 undergraduate, graduate, and professional students. The university also includes four undergraduate schools located at campuses within Western Pennsylvania: Bradford, Greensburg, Johnstown, and Titusville. The 132-acre Pittsburgh campus has multiple contributing historic buildings of the Schenley Farms Historic District, most notably its 42-story Gothic revival centerpiece, the Cathedral of Learning. The campus is situated adjacent to the flagship medical facilities of its closely affiliated University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) and its flagship hospital UPMC Presbyterian in on campus, as well as the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, Schenley Park, and Carnegie Mellon University.\nThe university has an annual operating budget of approximately $2 billion. This includes nearly $940 million in research and development expenditures as of 2017, the 16th-highest in the nation. A member of the Association of American Universities, Pitt is the third-largest recipient of federally sponsored health research funding among U.S. universities in 2018 and it is a major recipient of research funding from the National Institutes of Health. It is the second-largest non-government employer in the Pittsburgh region behind UPMC. Pitt is ranked among the top research universities in the United States in both domestic and international rankings and it has been listed as a \"best value\" in higher education by several publications.Pitt students have access to arts programs throughout the campus and city and can participate in over 400 student clubs and organizations. Pitt's varsity athletic teams, collectively known as the Pittsburgh Panthers, compete in Division I of the NCAA, primarily as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.", "Q4361900": "Vladimir Pavlovich Peftiev (Belarusian: \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0437i\u043ci\u0440 \u041f\u0430\u045e\u043b\u0430\u0432i\u0447 \u041f\u0435\u0444\u0446i\u0435\u045e; Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0432, born 1 July 1957) is a Belarusian businessman, investor and philanthropist.\n\n", "Q881357": "Blanca Busquets (Barcelona, 1961) is a Catalan journalist and writer. She is the author of nine novels, for which she has won the 2011 Catalan Booksellers' Prize and the 2015 Alghero Donna Award in Italy. As a journalist, she's worked for Catalunya R\u00e0dio, Catalan public radio broadcaster, since 1986.", "Q156517": "Helga Pedersen (born 13 January 1973) is a Norwegian politician, former Minister, and member of the Storting, who is currently deputy leader for the Norwegian Labour Party. A native of S\u00f8r-Varanger, she served between 2003 and 2005 as the County Mayor of the northernmost Finnmark county. From 2005 to 2009 she served as Minister of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs, becoming the youngest member of the Labour-led Red-Green Coalition headed by Jens Stoltenberg.\nA teacher by profession, she has spent most her adult life as a career politician. In 2009 she was elected to the Norwegian parliament, the Storting for the first time, and from 2009 until the 2013 parliamentary election she served as the Labour Party's parliamentary leader. Officially registered as a member of the Sami national minority, Pedersen was Norway's first officially S\u00e1mi cabinet minister.", "Q63224": "Gustaf Kossinna (28 September 1858 \u2013 20 December 1931) was a German philologist and archaeologist who was Professor of German Archaeology at the University of Berlin. \nAlong with Carl Schuchhardt he was the most influential German prehistorian of his day, and was creator of the techniques of settlement archaeology (German: Siedlungsarchaeologie). His nationalistic theories about the origins of the Germanic peoples and Indo-Europeans influenced aspects of Nazi ideology. For this reason, Kossinna has often been referred to as the evil mastermind who built the ideological foundations for Nazism. Though politically discredited after World War II, Kossinna's methodological approach has greatly influenced archaeology up to the present day.In the years following World War II, Kossinna's theories of settlement archaeology were widely dismissed as pseudoscience. In June 2015, two ground-breaking archaeogenetic studies appeared to confirm certain key aspects of Kossinna's theories on settlement archaeology and Indo-European migrations, in what has been referred to as Kossinna's Smile. The apparent validation of Kossinna's theories at the expense of post-World War II theories have sparked intense controversy and anxiety in the archaeological community.", "Q3047700": "The Liberal Conservative Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal-Conservador, PLC), simply called Conservative Party (Spanish: Partido Conservador, PC), was a Spanish political party founded in 1876 by Antonio C\u00e1novas del Castillo.", "Q100989": "Hubert \"Hubsi\" von Meyerinck (23 August 1896 \u2013 13 May 1971) was a German film actor. He appeared in more than 280 films between 1921 and 1970.\n\n", "Q695075": "Michl Ebner (born 20 September 1952 in Bolzano, Italy) is an Italian politician and a former Member of the European Parliament for North-East with the S\u00fcdtiroler Volkspartei, Member of the Bureau of the European People's Party.\nDuring his term he sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development. He was also a substitute for the Committee on Foreign Affairs and a member of the Delegation to the EU-Croatia Joint Parliamentary Committee.\nIn September 2015 he was elected President of the Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU.", "Q6149681": "Jan Pavel Filipensk\u00fd (born 8 October 1973) is a Czech actor. He is best known for his performances in XXX as Viktor and Alien vs. Predator as Boris.", "Q55796": "Sir Peter Alexander Ustinov (; 16 April 1921 \u2013 28 March 2004) was an English actor, voice actor, writer, dramatist, filmmaker, theatre and opera director, stage designer, screenwriter, comedian, humourist, newspaper and magazine columnist, radio broadcaster and television presenter. He was a fixture on television talk shows and lecture circuits for much of his career. An intellectual and diplomat, he held various academic posts and served as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF and President of the World Federalist Movement.\nUstinov was the winner of numerous awards over his life, including two Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actor, Emmy Awards, Golden Globes and BAFTA Awards for acting and a Grammy Award for best recording for children, as well as the recipient of governmental honours from, amongst others, the United Kingdom, France and Germany. He displayed a unique cultural versatility that has frequently earned him the accolade of a Renaissance man. Mikl\u00f3s R\u00f3zsa, composer of the music for Quo Vadis and of numerous concert works, dedicated his String Quartet No. 1, Op. 22 (1950) to Ustinov.\nIn 2003, Durham University changed the name of its Graduate Society to Ustinov College in honour of the significant contributions Ustinov had made as chancellor of the university from 1992 until his death.", "Q439455": "Natalya Yevgenyevna Gorbanevskaya (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, IPA: [n\u0250\u02c8tal\u02b2j\u0259 j\u026av\u02c8\u0261\u02b2en\u02b2j\u026avn\u0259 \u0261\u0259rb\u0250\u02c8n\u02b2\u025bfsk\u0259j\u0259] (listen); 26 May 1936, Moscow \u2013 29 November 2013, Paris) was a Russian poet, a translator of Polish literature and a civil-rights activist. She was one of the founders and the first editor of A Chronicle of Current Events (1968\u20131982). On 25 August 1968, with seven others, she took part in the 1968 Red Square demonstration against the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia. In 1970 a Soviet court sentenced Gorbanevskaya to incarceration in a psychiatric hospital. She was released from the Kazan Special Psychiatric Hospital in 1972, and emigrated from the USSR in 1975, settling in France. In 2005, she became a citizen of Poland.", "Q116133": "Margaret Yorke (30 January 1924 \u2013 17 November 2012), the pseudonym of Margaret Beda Nicholson (n\u00e9e Larminie), was an English crime fiction writer.", "Q337151": "Helena Ann Kennedy, Baroness Kennedy of The Shaws, QC, FRSA, HonFRSE (born 12 May 1950) is a Scottish barrister, broadcaster, and Labour member of the House of Lords. She served as Principal of Mansfield College, Oxford from 2011 to 2018.", "Q96911": "Elisabeth Margarete Frey (2 April 1905 \u2013 28 October 1985), known professionally as Elga Brink, was a German film actress. Brink rose to prominence in the early 1920s, when she starred in many silent films. Her last silent film was Marriage in Trouble in 1928. After silent films, Brink continued acting in sound films until her retirement in 1951. Her last role was in the 1951 movie Das fremde Leben. After her retirement, Brink remarried and worked as a clerk in Hamburg until her death in 1985.", "Q178826": "Marie and Bruce is a 2004 American comedy drama film directed by Tom Cairns and starring Julianne Moore and Matthew Broderick. It was based on the 1978 play of the same name by Wallace Shawn, who also wrote the script with Cairns, and premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2004. Although the film was well received and starred many major motion picture stars, it failed to receive distribution and remained obscure, until it was released on DVD in March 2009. The music was done by Mark Degli Antoni, of the band Soul Coughing.", "Q273075": "Robin Bartlett (born April 22, 1951) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in two NBC sitcoms The Powers That Be and Mad About You.", "Q235020": "Amy Davis Irving (born September 10, 1953) is an American actress of film, stage, and television. Her accolades include an Obie Award, two Golden Globe Award nominations, and one Academy Award nomination.\nBorn in Palo Alto, California to actors Jules Irving and Priscilla Pointer, Irving spent her early life in San Francisco before her family relocated to New York City during her teenage years. In New York, she made her Broadway debut in The Country Wife (1965\u20131966) at age 13. Irving subsequently studied theater at San Francisco's American Conservatory Theater and at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art before making her feature film debut in Brian De Palma's Carrie (1976), followed by a lead role in the 1978 supernatural thriller The Fury (1978). \nIn 1980, Irving appeared in a Broadway production of Amadeus before being cast in Yentl (1983), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 1988, she received an Obie Award for her Off-Broadway performance in a production of The Road to Mecca, and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her performance in the comedy Crossing Delancey (1988). \nIrving went on to appear in the original Broadway production of Broken Glass (1994) and the revival of Three Sisters (1997). In film, she starred in the ensemble comedy Deconstructing Harry (1997), and reprised her role in The Rage: Carrie 2 (1999) before co-starring opposite Michael Douglas in Steven Soderbergh's crime-drama Traffic (2000). She subsequently appeared in the independent films Thirteen Conversations About One Thing (2001) and Adam (2009). From 2006\u20132007, she starred in the Broadway production of The Coast of Utopia. In 2018, she reunited with Soderbergh, appearing in a supporting role in his horror film Unsane.", "Q2903401": "William Wadsworth \"Bill\" Wirtz (October 5, 1929 \u2013 September 26, 2007) was the chief executive officer and controlling shareholder of the family-owned Wirtz Corporation. He was best known as the owner of the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League, who are part of Wirtz Corp's holdings. Wirtz also served as the Blackhawks' team president for over four decades.", "Q89831": "Rose Stradner (July 31, 1913 \u2013 September 27, 1958) was an Austrian stage and film actress, who starred opposite Edward G. Robinson, Gregory Peck, and other leading men of her era. She was married to the film director Joseph L. Mankiewicz.", "Q159630": "Chemnitz University of Technology (German: Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz, abbreviated TU Chemnitz) is a public university in Chemnitz, Germany. With over 11,000 students, it is the third largest university in Saxony. It was founded in 1836 as K\u00f6nigliche Gewerbeschule (Royal Mercantile College) and was elevated to a Technische Hochschule, a university of technology, in 1963. With approximately 1,500 employees in science, engineering and management, TU Chemnitz counts among the most important employers in the region.", "Q75452": "Trygve Patroclus Einars\u00f8nn von Hirsch (6 November 1912 \u2013 9 March 1992) was a Norwegian barrister and writer.\nHe was born in L\u00f8renskog as a son of landowner and dentist Einar von Hirsch (1872\u20131938) and Elise Jacobine Kjoss-Hansen. In 1942 he married Swedish citizen Margit Kristina Wikland.He finished his secondary education in 1931 and graduated with the cand.jur. degree from the Royal Frederick University in 1935. He was a junior solicitor for one year before opening his own law firm in Volda in 1936. He was then deputy judge in Nordre Sunnm\u00f8re District Court in 1938 and for the stipendiary magistrate in \u00c5lesund in 1939. He was a secretary in Riksskattestyret from 1939 to 1946, when he again opened his own law firm, this time in Oslo. From 1956 he was a barrister with access to work with Supreme Court cases.He chaired the supervisory council of Ivarans Rederi from 1950, and became a board member in 1966. He also chaired H\u00f8ka from 1967 and was a board member of IBM Norway (from 1953), Autoindustri (from 1961), Gr\u00f8nvold Industri (from 1964), Eckbos Legater (from 1967), Titan Co and Titania (from 1966), Forsikringsselskapet Pallas (from 1971) and the Norwegian Jockey Club.He is best known to the general public for his criminal short stories and novels, written under the pseudonym 'Stein Staale. Novels include Cocktailmysteriet (1941), D\u00f8dstonene (1942), \u00c5ndemasken (1942) and D\u00f8den g\u00e5r p\u00e5 bedehus (1945), with Anton Beinset. With the book Detektivgjengen p\u00e5 sporet he also ventured into young adult fiction. He is also known for the non-fiction book Norsk presse under hakekorset, issued in 1946 together with G. Jensson.", "Q55782": "Leszek Cezary Miller (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8l\u025b\u0282\u025bk \u02c8mill\u025br] (listen); born 3 July 1946) is a Polish political scientist and politician. He has served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since July 2019.\nFrom 1989 to 1990 was a member of the Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party. From 2001 to 2004 was a Prime Minister of Poland. Miller was the leader of the Democratic Left Alliance from 1999 to 2004 and again from 2011 to 2016.", "Q44857": "John Roger Stephens (born December 28, 1978), known professionally as John Legend, is an American singer, songwriter, producer, actor, and philanthropist. Prior to the release of Legend's debut album, Get Lifted, (2004) he had collaborated with already established artists and signed to Kanye West's GOOD Music. Legend has sung on Jay-Z's \"Encore\", Alicia Keys's \"You Don't Know My Name\", Dilated Peoples' \"This Way\", Slum Village's \"Selfish\", Fort Minor's \"High Road\", and played piano on Lauryn Hill's \"Everything Is Everything\". Legend's single \"All of Me\" from his fourth studio album Love in the Future (2013) was a Billboard Hot 100 number-one hit. \nIn 2007, Legend received the Hal David Starlight Award from the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Legend won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and Golden Globe Award in 2015 for co-writing the song \"Glory\" from the film Selma. He has also won ten Grammy Awards. In 2017, Legend received a Tony Award for co-producing Jitney for the Broadway stage. In 2018, Legend portrayed Jesus Christ in NBC's adaptation of the Andrew Lloyd Webber/Tim Rice rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar. He received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his acting role, and won for his role as a producer of the show, making him one of 15 people and the first black man to have won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony (EGOT). Legend is also the second youngest person to have achieved this milestone. Since 2019, Legend has been featured as a coach on The Voice winning the 16th season. In the United States, John Legend has sold over 10 million albums.", "Q106334": "August Friedrich Wilhelm von Borries (27 January 1852 \u2013 14 February 1906) was one of Germany's most influential railway engineers, who was primarily concerned with developments in steam locomotives.Von Borries graduated from the Royal Institute of Trade in Charlottenburg, and then spent a year working at the Bergisch-M\u00e4rkische railway. In 1875, he joined the service of the Hanover division of the Prussian state railways and subsequently became their Chief Mechanical Engineer. In 1880 he designed the first Prussian compound locomotive, built by Schichau in Elbl\u0105g. This showed significant fuel savings. His work on compound locomotives was done in collaboration with the British engineer Thomas William Worsdell and the two men obtained several British patents together. The 1880 locomotive was a two-cylinder compound but, in 1899, he designed a four-cylinder compound locomotive. Another innovation was the use of nickel steel for boilers in 1891.\nIn 1902 he left the Prussian state railways and took a professorship of Railway Engineering at the Technical University of Charlottenburg.He wrote widely on locomotive matters, including a textbook on locomotives.", "Q202854": "Johnson Kelly Duncan (March 19, 1827 \u2013 December 18, 1862) was one of the few generals in the Confederate States Army (CSA) during the American Civil War who was born and raised in the North. An antebellum officer in the U.S. Army, Duncan commanded the Confederate forts defending New Orleans during the Union Navy's successful attacks that led to the fall of the South's largest city.", "Q262178": "John Pepper, also known as J\u00f3zsef Pog\u00e1ny and Joseph Pogany (born J\u00f3zsef Schwartz; November 8, 1886 \u2013 February 8, 1938), was a Hungarian Communist politician of Jewish heritage. He later served as a Revolutionary in the Communist International (Comintern) in Moscow, before being cashiered in 1929. Later an official in the Soviet government, Pepper ran afoul of the secret police and was executed during the Great Terror of 1937\u201338.", "Q337145": "Coenraad Lodewijk Dirk \"Coen\" van Vrijberghe de Coningh (November 12, 1950 \u2013 November 15, 1997) was a Dutch actor, musician, composer, record producer and television presenter. He died unexpectedly at the age of forty-seven from cardiac arrest.\n\n", "Q1277002": "Jo\u00e3o Nicolau de Melo Breyner Moreira Lopes (30 July 1940 \u2013 14 March 2016) was a Portuguese playwright, director and actor. He performed in more than eighty films, beginning in 1964.", "Q116127": "Kichisabur\u014d Nomura (\u91ce\u6751 \u5409\u4e09\u90ce, Nomura Kichisabur\u014d, December 16, 1877 \u2013 May 8, 1964) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and was the ambassador to the United States at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor.", "Q4720201": "Alexander Temerko is a USSR-born British businessman in the energy sector, currently a director of the UK company Aquind Limited, which is responsible for building a power link between the UK and France. Previously, he was director and Deputy Chairman of the UK-based company OGN Group. When in Russia, he held senior posts in the Russian Defence Ministry in the 1990s and, from 1999, he was a senior executive and director at the Russian oil and gas company Yukos. He has resided in the UK since 2004. He became a UK citizen in 2011. He is a member, a senior political activist of, and a major donor to (donating more than \u00a31.3 million),\nto the UK Conservative Party. He is a member of the advisory council of the Institute of Economic Affairs. In November 2019 he called for a report on Russian influence in British politics, that had been suppressed by Boris Johnson, to be published, and denied he, Temerko, is a Kremlin agent.", "Q228717": "Mary Rose Byrne (born 1979) is an Australian actress. She made her screen debut in the film Dallas Doll (1994), and continued to act in Australian film and television throughout the 1990s. She obtained her first leading film role in The Goddess of 1967 (2000), which brought her the Volpi Cup for Best Actress, and made the transition to Hollywood in the small role of Dorm\u00e9 in Star Wars: Episode II \u2013 Attack of the Clones (2002), followed by larger parts in Troy (2004), 28 Weeks Later (2007), and Knowing (2009).\nByrne also appeared as Ellen Parsons in all 59 episodes of the criminal thriller series Damages (2007\u20132010), which earned her two Golden Globe Awards nominations and two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. Get Him to the Greek (2010) and Bridesmaids (2011) established her as a comedic actress, in addition to the dramas and thrillers she continues to appear in.\n\n", "Q61427": "The Donetsk\u2013Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic or Donets\u2013Kryvyi Rih Soviet Republic (Russian: \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, Ukrainian: \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430, romanized: Donetsko-Kryvorizka Radianska Respublika) was a self-declared Soviet republic of the Russian SFSR founded on 12 February 1918. It was founded three days after the government of Ukraine signed the treaty with the Germans, which recognised the borders of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The republic was never viewed as a separate entity by anyone except for members of the self proclaimed republic. The interest in the republic and its autonomous status was revived with the appearance of the Ukrainian political party Donetsk Republic in 2005 led by Andrei Purgin.\nThe Donetsk\u2013Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic claimed the territories south of the neighbouring Ukrainian People's Republic, which included the Donbass, Kharkov, Yekaterinoslav, and part of the Kherson Governorates. In the beginning, the republic's capital was the city of Kharkov, but later with the retreat of the Red Guard it was moved to Luhansk. The Soviet government of Russia supported it as the existence of the state set anarchy in the region. The newly created government challenged the authority of the General Secretariat of Ukraine and the People's Secretariat. Some of the commissars held positions as secretaries in another Bolshevik government in Ukraine, the People's Secretariat.\nThe Republic was disbanded at the second All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets on 20 March 1918 when the independence of Soviet Ukraine was announced. It failed to achieve recognition, either internationally or by the Russian SFSR and in accordance with the March Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was abolished.\nThe legacy of the Donetsk\u2013Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was revived during the War in Donbass that began in 2014. On 5 February 2015, the legislature of the unrecognised separatist Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) adopted a memorandum declaring the DPR to be the legal successor to the Donetsk\u2013Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic, with Artyom as its founding father. The flag of the Donetsk People's Republic is claimed by the separatist authorities to be based on the flag of Donetsk\u2013Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. However, there is no proof of any such flag in 1918. The current flag is most likely based on Interdvizheniye Donbasa, an organisation whose roots started only in August 1989, in a lecture theatre of Donetsk University.", "Q567529": "Raymond Aubrac (31 July 1914 \u2013 10 April 2012) was a leader of the French Resistance during the Second World War and a civil engineer after the Second World War.", "Q924927": "Matvei Vasilyevich Golovinski (alternatively Mathieu) (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) (6 March 1865\u20131920) was a Russian-French writer, journalist and political activist. Critics studying The Protocols of the Elders of Zion have argued that he was the author of the work. This claim is reinforced by the writings of modern Russian historian Mikhail Lepekhine, who in 1999 studied previously closed French archives stored in Moscow containing information supporting Golovinski's authorship. Back in the mid-1930s, Russian testimony in the Berne Trial had linked the head of Russian security service in Paris, Pyotr Rachkovsky, to the creation of The Protocols.", "Q1378443": "Philip John Palmer (born 9 September 1952, London, England) is a sideman and session guitarist in jazz and rock who has toured, recorded, and worked with numerous famous artists. He is most renowned for his work on the slide guitar.", "Q271662": "Claudia Marcela Conserva P\u00e9rez (born 12 January 1974, Santiago) is a Chilean actress, model and television presenter of Arb\u00ebresh\u00eb ancestors. She studied ballet and worked in publicity and TV programs when she was a child and in 1990 she won Miss 17. She met her husband Juan Carlos Valdivia in Extra J\u00f3venes (Chilevisi\u00f3n). They have two children.", "Q209901": "Jacques Ren\u00e9 H\u00e9bert (French: [eb\u025b\u0281]; 15 November 1757 \u2013 24 March 1794) was a French journalist and the founder and editor of the extreme radical newspaper Le P\u00e8re Duchesne during the French Revolution.H\u00e9bert was a leader of the French Revolution and had thousands of followers as the H\u00e9bertists (French H\u00e9bertistes); he himself is sometimes called P\u00e8re Duchesne, after his newspaper.\n\n", "Q82964": "Robert Pferdmenges (M\u00f6nchengladbach, 27 March 1880 \u2013 Cologne, 28 September 1962) was a German banker and CDU politician.\nHe was a member of the Bundestag from 1950 to 1962 and a close friend to Konrad Adenauer.", "Q530471": "The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS; Chinese: \u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662), is a Chinese research institute. It has historical origins in the Academia Sinica during the Republican era and formerly also known by that name, is the national academy for the natural sciences of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Collectively known as the \"Two Academies (\u4e24\u9662)\" along with the Chinese Academy of Engineering, it functions as the national scientific think tank and academic governing body, providing advisory and appraisal services on issues stemming from the national economy, social development, and science and technology progress. It is headquartered in Xicheng District, Beijing, with branch institutes all over mainland China. It has also created hundreds of commercial enterprises, Lenovo being one of the most famous.\nIt is the world's largest research organisation, comprising around 60,000 researchers working in 114 institutes, and has been consistently ranked among the top research organisations around the world.The Chinese Academy of Sciences has been consistently ranked the No. 1 research institute in the world by Nature Index since its inception in 2016, by Nature Research.", "Q3308905": "Michael Farries Ashby (born 20 November 1935) is a British metallurgical engineer. He served as Royal Society Research Professor, and a Principal Investigator (PI) at the Engineering Design Centre at the University of Cambridge. He is known for his contributions in Materials Science in the field of material selection.", "Q277575": "Pankaj Mishra (born 1969) is an Indian essayist and novelist. He is a recipient of the 2014 Windham\u2013Campbell Prize for non-fiction.\n\n", "Q528558": "\u00c9douard Charton (11 May 1807 \u2013 27 February 1890) was an eminent French literary figure who was the founder and, for fifty-five years (1833\u201388), editor-in-chief of the publication Magasin pittoresque, in addition to serving for thirty years (1860\u201390) as director of publication for Hachette. \nA native of Sens in the Bourgogne r\u00e9gion, \u00c9douard Charton trained as a lawyer, receiving his degree at the age of 20. His first great dedication to a cause came two years later when, during 1829\u201331, using his oratorical skills, he became a traveling propagator for the social philosophy of Saint-Simonism, which ultimately resulted for him in great disappointment.\nFrom his mid-forties onward, he spent many years in politics, serving in the National Assembly as Deputy and Senator, expressing his convictions which formed a continuation and refinement of the previous century's Age of Enlightenment: faith in progress and the emancipation of people through education; respect for human dignity, constant fight for the dissemination of knowledge and political action in favor of liberal and republican ideas.\nHe reaffirmed the moral values acquired within his family and found inspiration in the works of Louis Claude de Saint-Martin, the mystic who used \"Unknown Philosopher\" as his nom de plume. He also gathered experience in philanthropy, discovered the problems involved in the social condition of man, tested solutions, and worked for what he felt were noble causes, establishing durable and useful friendships with men who shared common ideals.\nIn 1833 he put into effect his ideals of \"fighting ignorance\" by starting a new publication Le Magasin pittoresque (pittoresque means that the publication was illustrated). He was inspired by the British Penny Magazine.\nHe remained at the helm director of the successful enterprise until 1888, past his eightieth birthday. For more than a half-century, he always pursued the same aims, while collecting and writing texts, selecting engravings, and supervising the printing and distribution of what he referred to as an \"out-of-order encyclopedia\".\nApplying the same rigor and consistency, he chose the best collaborators to propagate practical knowledge while stimulating curiosity and forming artistic tastes. L'Illustration, a renowned pictorial review, created in 1843 on his initiative, lasted a century (to 1944). In 1860, he embarked upon a working partnership with Louis Hachette and his successors, which would continue for the remaining thirty years of his life. It gave him the opportunity to reach new readers with the travel and exploration review Le Tour du Monde (World Tour) and the scientific publication Biblioth\u00e8que des merveilles (Library of Wonders).\nBased on the conviction that man could improve and progress through the acquisition of knowledge, Charton applied his considerable efforts disseminating \"practical knowledge\" to the greatest number, using his great writing talent only to inform and provide moral guidance. After the French Revolution of 1848, his friend Hippolyte Carnot, who was appointed the Minister of Public Instruction and Religion, recruited Charton as Secretary General of the Ministry. It was the beginning of his political career.\nAlthough an opponent of Napoleon III's 1852 Second Empire, Charton adapted to the circumstances, without ever denying his Republican convictions. He promoted public reading with the creation of popular libraries, participated in the creation of the Paris Museum of Anthropology and showed throughout his life a consistency of behavior as testified by his friends and two generations of colleagues.\nHe was described as a man of action able to overcome his anxiety-ridden personal nature. Faithful in friendship, he maintained relations with those who shared his belief in the moral progress of man, whereby the progress of each individual led to the progress of humanity as a whole. In the National Assembly, he remained in the background despite his talents as a speaker. When he did take the floor, it was to raise crucial points speak concerning questions of education, fine arts and the press, as well as to express his opposition to the death penalty.\nEncouraging his colleagues to reach a consensus, he could also remain firm and intransigent on points of principle. During the Second Empire, he turned down the post of director of the Com\u00e9die fran\u00e7aise which would have necessitated swearing an oath to the Emperor. \nPolitical misalliances prevented him from attaining what would have been the crowning glories of his life\u2014serving as Head of Administration, or as Minister of Fine Arts, both opportunities to demonstrate his organizational talents.\n\u00c9douard Charton died in Versailles at the age of 82.", "Q463983": "Tanya Denise Tucker (born October 10, 1958) is an American country music singer and songwriter who had her first hit, \"Delta Dawn\", in 1972 at the age of 13. Over the succeeding decades, Tucker became one of the few child performers to mature into adulthood without losing her audience, and during the course of her career, she notched a streak of top-10 and top-40 hits.\nShe has had several successful albums, several Country Music Association award nominations, and hit songs such as 1973's \"What's Your Mama's Name?\" and \"Blood Red and Goin' Down\", 1975's \"Lizzie and the Rainman\", 1988's \"Strong Enough to Bend\", and 1992's \"Two Sparrows in a Hurricane\". Tucker's 2019 album While I'm Livin' won the Grammy Award for Best Country Album, and \"Bring My Flowers Now\" from that same album won Tucker a shared songwriting Grammy for Best Country Song.", "Q67730": "Frasco is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q246970": "Raylin Joy (born February 18, 1987) is an American actress, singer-songwriter, model and former pornographic actress who worked under the name Skin Diamond.She has since retired from adult film to pursue other interests such as song writing and acting.", "Q46926": "Chetan Bhagat is Indian author and columnist, known for his Indian-English novels about young middle-class Indians. Bhagat was included in Time magazine's list of World's 100 Most Influential People in 2010.", "Q259850": "Buckshot (born Kenyatta Blake on November 19, 1974 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American rapper, known for being the leader of the hip-hop supergroup Boot Camp Clik, and the group Black Moon. He has released one solo album, three with producer 9th Wonder, one with KRS-One, four albums with Black Moon and four albums with the Boot Camp Clik.", "Q2308392": "Family Dog is a short-lived animated television series that aired from June 23 to July 28, 1993, on CBS. Created by Brad Bird, the series was about an average suburban family, the Binsfords, as told through the eyes of their dog named Jonah. It first appeared as a 1987 episode of the TV series Amazing Stories, then was expanded into a series of its own. The series was the first collaboration between executive producers Steven Spielberg and Tim Burton.\nDelayed for years and panned by critics, the show has been called \"one of the biggest fiascos in television animation history, on both a creative and commercial level, in spite (but, in many ways, because of) the high-powered talent behind the project.\"\n\n", "Q928": "The Philippines ( (listen); Filipino: Pilipinas [\u02ccp\u026al\u026a\u02c8pin\u0250s] or Filipinas [\u02ccf\u026al\u026a\u02c8pin\u0250s]), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas), is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Situated in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Japan to the northeast, Palau to the east, Indonesia to the south, Malaysia and Brunei to the southwest, Vietnam to the west, and China to the northwest.\nThe Philippines' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the country prone to earthquakes and typhoons, but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world's greatest biodiversity. The Philippines is the world's fifth-largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi). As of 2015, it had a population of at least 100 million. As of January 2018, it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th-most populated country in the world. Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas as of 2013, comprising one of the world's largest diasporas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Exchanges with Malay, Indian, Arab and Chinese nations occurred. Subsequently, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of datus, rajahs, sultans and lakans.\nThe arrival of Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer leading a fleet for the Spanish, in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521 marked the beginning of Hispanic colonization. In 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy L\u00f3pez de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel L\u00f3pez de Legazpi from Mexico City, in 1565, the first Hispanic settlement in the archipelago was established. The Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years. This resulted in Catholicism becoming the dominant religion. During this time, Manila became the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons.As the 19th century gave way to the 20th, the Philippine Revolution quickly followed, which then spawned the short-lived First Philippine Republic, followed by the bloody Philippine\u2013American War. The war, as well as the ensuing cholera epidemic, resulted in the deaths of thousands of combatants as well as tens of thousands of civilians. After the war, the United States retained sovereignty over the country until the Japanese invasion and subsequent occupation of the islands during World War II. Later in the war it was liberated by the combined forces of Americans and Filipinos, and by 1946 was recognized as an independent nation. Since then, the unitary sovereign state has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by a non-violent revolution.The Philippines is a founding member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and the East Asia Summit. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank. The Philippines is considered to be an emerging market and a newly industrialized country, which has an economy transitioning from being based on agriculture to being based more on services and manufacturing. Along with East Timor, the Philippines is one of Southeast Asia's predominantly Christian nations.", "Q536766": "Ingrid Dahlberg (born 1941) is a former Theater Manager and President of Dramaten (the Swedish Royal Dramatic Theatre), from 1997 to 2002, and Governor (Landsh\u00f6vding) of Dalarna County from 2002 to 2006. She is a member of the Board of the Swedish National Agency for Higher Education, and a member of the Honorary Board of the Gothenburg Film Festival, and was a participant in the T\u00e4llberg Forum 2005.\nIngrid Dahlberg studied at Barlock's School of Commerce and Lindenwood College in the United States. In 1963 she started work at Swedish Radio and TV, first on the general news desk, then on the editorial staff of TV2 and from 1983 in various capacities for TV1. She was named 'Executive of the Year' in 2001 by the magazine Aff\u00e4rsv\u00e4rlden.", "Q38234": "Nagasaki (Japanese: \u9577\u5d0e, \"Long Cape\") is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan. It became the sole port used for trade with the Portuguese and Dutch during the 16th through 19th centuries and the Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region have been recognized and included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Part of Nagasaki was home to a major Imperial Japanese Navy base during the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War.\nDuring World War II, the American atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki made Nagasaki the second and, to date, last city in the world to experience a nuclear attack (at 11:02 am, August 9, 1945 'Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)').As of 1 June 2019, the city has an estimated population of 412,643 and a population density of 1,017 people per km\u00b2. The total area is 405.86 km2 (156.70 sq mi).", "Q65127": "Ermatingen is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q136591": "ZZ Top (pronounced \"zee zee top\") is an American rock band from Houston, Texas, formed in 1969. The group consists of founder Billy Gibbons (guitar, lead vocals), Dusty Hill (bass, vocals) and Frank Beard (drums, percussion). Initially rooted in blues, ZZ Top's style has evolved throughout their career, with a signature sound based on Gibbons' blues guitar style and Hill and Beard's rhythm section. Their lyrics, often embellished with sexual innuendo, focus on their Texas roots and humor. Popular for their live performances, the group has staged several elaborate tours.\nZZ Top formed after the demise of Gibbons' previous band, Moving Sidewalks. Within a year, they signed with London Records and released ZZ Top's First Album (1971). Subsequent releases, such as their first top-ten album Tres Hombres (1973) and the singles \"La Grange\" and \"Tush\", gained extensive radio airplay. By the mid-1970s, they had become renowned in North America for their live act, highlighted by their performances during the Worldwide Texas Tour from 1976 to 1977, which made them national stars and was a critical and commercial success.\nFollowing a two-year break after facing creative stagnation and exhaustion, ZZ Top reinvented themselves in the late 1970s with a new musical direction and public image. Beginning with their albums Deg\u00fcello (1979) and El Loco (1981), they experimented with instruments including clavinets, saxophones, and synthesizers, while Gibbons and Hill grew long beards as part of their image. ZZ Top gained international favor with the records Eliminator (1983) and Afterburner (1985), which integrated influences from new wave, punk, and dance-rock, and established a more mainstream sound. The popularity of their music videos, including those for \"Gimme All Your Lovin'\", \"Sharp Dressed Man\", and \"Legs\", helped propel them onto the television channel MTV and made them one of the more prominent artists in 1980s pop culture. Their Afterburner Tour set records for the highest-attended and highest-grossing concert tour of 1986. After additional acclaim with the release of their tenth album Recycler (1990) and the Recycler Tour, their experimentation continued with the albums Antenna (1994), Rhythmeen (1996), XXX (1999), and Mescalero (2003), with mixed successes. The group most recently released La Futura (2012) and Goin\u2032 50 (2019), the latter of which is a compilation album commemorating the band's 50th anniversary.\nZZ Top has released 15 studio albums and sold an estimated 50 million albums worldwide. They have won three MTV Video Music Awards, and in 2004, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Rolling Stone ranked Gibbons number 32 on its list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\". Throughout their career, as a band and as individuals, they have supported several campaigns and charities, including Childline, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and a fundraiser for the Delta Blues Museum.", "Q291796": "China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited (simplified Chinese: \u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u65b9\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8; traditional Chinese: \u4e2d\u570b\u6771\u65b9\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8), also known as China Eastern, is an airline headquartered in the China Eastern Airlines Building, on the grounds of Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport in Changning District, Shanghai. It is a major Chinese airline operating international, domestic and regional routes. Its main hubs are at Shanghai Pudong International Airport and Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport.China Eastern Airlines is China's second-largest carrier by passenger numbers after China Southern Airlines. China Eastern and its subsidiary Shanghai Airlines became the 14th member of SkyTeam on 21 June 2011. The parent company of China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited is China Eastern Air Holding Company.", "Q234458": "Irina Valeryevna Shaykhlislamova (Russian: \u0418\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0428\u0430\u0439\u0445\u043b\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430; born 6 January 1986), known as Irina Shayk (), is a Russian model who received international recognition when she appeared on the cover of the 2011 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue. Models.com ranks her as an \"Industry Icon\".", "Q42598": "Theodore Marvin DiBiase Jr. (born November 8, 1982) is an American businessman, actor, and former professional wrestler, best known for his time with WWE.\nPart of the DiBiase wrestling family, he was trained by Chris Youngblood and Harley Race's Wrestling Academy and debuted in 2006. He won the Fusion Pro Tag Team Championship with his brother Mike DiBiase in February 2007, and also toured Japan with Pro Wrestling Noah. He signed a developmental contract with WWE in July 2007, and was assigned to their developmental facility, Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), where he won the FCW Southern Heavyweight Championship in December 2007. Due to injury, he relinquished the championship in January 2008. He made his WWE television debut on May 26, 2008, and quickly formed a tag team with Cody Rhodes. The duo won the World Tag Team Championship twice before forming The Legacy faction alongside Randy Orton. Following The Legacy's dissolution, DiBiase moved into singles competition and received the Million Dollar Championship from his father Ted DiBiase.\nDiBiase left WWE in 2013 due to family commitments and other business pursuits. He is also an actor, making his film debut in The Marine 2, a direct-to-DVD movie that was released on December 29, 2009.", "Q75334": "Tekla Trapszo (23 September 1873 \u2013 27 October 1944) was a Polish stage and film actress. She appeared in 20 films between 1911 and 1939.", "Q158248": "Anne of Denmark (Danish: Anna; 12 December 1574 \u2013 2 March 1619) was Queen consort of Scotland, England, and Ireland by marriage to King James VI and I.The second daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark, Anne married James in 1589 at age 15 and bore him three children who survived infancy, including the future Charles I. She demonstrated an independent streak and a willingness to use factional Scottish politics in her conflicts with James over the custody of Prince Henry and his treatment of her friend Beatrix Ruthven. Anne appears to have loved James at first, but the couple gradually drifted and eventually lived apart, though mutual respect and a degree of affection survived.In England, Anne shifted her energies from factional politics to patronage of the arts and constructed her own magnificent court, hosting one of the richest cultural salons in Europe. After 1612, she suffered sustained bouts of ill health and gradually withdrew from the centre of court life. Though she was reported to have been a Protestant at the time of her death, evidence suggests that she may have converted to Catholicism at some point in her life.Historians have traditionally dismissed Anne as a lightweight queen, frivolous and self-indulgent. However, recent reappraisals acknowledge Anne's assertive independence and, in particular, her dynamic significance as a patron of the arts during the Jacobean age.", "Q361465": "Gerran Lyn Howell (born 25 February 1991) is a Welsh actor, director and writer of short films, best known for playing \"Vladimir Dracula\" in Young Dracula, a CBBC television series that initially aired in 2006.", "Q62648": "Antje Traue (pronounced [\u02c8\u0294antj\u0259 \u02c8t\u0280a\u028a\u032f\u0259]; born 18 January 1981) is a German actress. She speaks German and English fluently, and appeared in her first English-language role in the film Pandorum. She may be internationally best known for her portrayal of the villainous, indestructible character of Faora in the 2013 Superman movie Man of Steel, and her role as Agnes Nielsen in the German Netflix series Dark.", "Q683165": "Pod\u011bbrady (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8po\u025f\u025bbrad\u026a]; German: Podiebrad) is a historical spa town in the Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic. It lies on the river Labe 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Prague on the D11 highway. It obtained the status of town from the king of Bohemia in 1472. A historic milestone in the life of the town was the year 1905, when it was visited by the German estate owner Prince von B\u00fclow. This well-known water diviner found in the inner courtyard of the castle signs of a strong spring, which was later bored to a depth of 97.6 metres (320 ft). The discovery of carbonic mineral water resulted in the opening of the first spa in 1908. After World War I Pod\u011bbrady rapidly changed into a spa town which from 1926 specialized in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, rapidly gaining renown not only in the Czech Republic, but also abroad in countries including Austria, Germany, Russia and the United States.The history of Pod\u011bbrady reaches back to medieval times. A long-distance trade route running from Prague to eastern Bohemia and then on to Silesia and Poland passed through the then-forested landscape interwoven with a dense network of river branches. This important communication intersected the River Labe to the west of the present town, at a place called Na Vinici.\nAn ancient community and a small fortress originated near the ford. It is most likely that the position of this community is reflected in the present name of the town: Pod\u011bbrady \u2013 \"pode brody\" = below the ford.", "Q182752": "Charles Magnette (French: [ma\u0272\u025bt]; 3 February 1863 \u2013 18 October 1937), was a Belgian lawyer and a liberal politician.\nHe was President of the Belgian Senate from 1928 until 1932 and Minister of State. He was Grand Master of the Grand Orient of Belgium three times. Charles Magnette was the founder of the International Masonic Association in 1921.\nIn 1914 and 1916 he appealed to the German Grand Lodges, complaining about the atrocities which were committed by the Germans, who occupied most part of Belgium during World War I, and the deportation of workers. As a result, he served a prison sentence. A street in Liege is named after him.", "Q881425": "William Evelyn Cameron (November 29, 1842 \u2013 January 25, 1927) was an American soldier, lawyer, journalist, and politician. He served as the 39th Governor of Virginia from 1882\u20131886, elected as the candidate of the Readjuster Party headed by William Mahone.", "Q63556": "Alice Herz-Sommer, also known as Alice Sommer (26 November 1903 \u2013 23 February 2014), was a Prague-born Jewish pianist, music teacher, and supercentenarian who survived Theresienstadt concentration camp. She lived for 40 years in Israel, before migrating to London in 1986, where she resided until her death, and at the age of 110 was the world's oldest known Holocaust survivor until Yisrael Kristal was recognized as such.", "Q378134": "The Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (also known as the Catholic University of Louvain, the English translation of its French name, and the University of Louvain, its official English name) is Belgium's largest French-speaking university. It is located in Louvain-la-Neuve, which was expressly built to house the university, and Brussels, Charleroi, Mons, Tournai and Namur. Since September 2018, the university has used the branding UCLouvain, replacing the acronym UCL, following a merger with Saint-Louis University, Brussels.\nThe original University of Louvain (Universitas Lovaniensis) was founded at the centre of the historic town of Leuven (or Louvain) in 1425, making it the first university in Belgium and the Low Countries. After being closed in 1797 during the Napoleonic period, the Catholic University of Leuven was \"re-founded\" in 1834, and is frequently, but controversially, identified as a continuation of the older institution.AB In 1968 the Catholic University of Leuven split into the Dutch-language Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, which stayed in Leuven, and the French-language Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, which moved to Louvain-la-Neuve in Wallonia, 30 km southeast of Brussels. Since the 15th century, Leuven/Louvain, as it is still often called, has been a major contributor to the development of Catholic theology. The UCLouvain is often ranked among the world's top 50 institutions for the study of philosophy and top 20 institutions for theology and religious studies.,,,", "Q25503": "Le Pont du Nord is a 1981 French film directed by Jacques Rivette. The film stars Bulle Ogier and her daughter Pascale Ogier. It was released in France on 13 January 1982.", "Q1057418": "Joseph Charles Wilson IV (November 6, 1949 \u2013 September 27, 2019) was an American diplomat who was best known for his 2002 trip to Niger to investigate allegations that Saddam Hussein was attempting to purchase yellowcake uranium; his New York Times op-ed piece, \"What I Didn't Find in Africa\"; and the subsequent leaking of information pertaining to the identity of his wife Valerie Plame as a CIA agent. He also served as the CEO of a consulting firm he founded, JC Wilson International Ventures, and as the vice chairman of Jarch Capital, LLC.", "Q62890": "Gene Myron Amdahl (November 16, 1922 \u2013 November 10, 2015) was an American computer architect and high-tech entrepreneur, chiefly known for his work on mainframe computers at IBM and later his own companies, especially Amdahl Corporation. He formulated Amdahl's law, which states a fundamental limitation of parallel computing.", "Q311169": "Graham Greene, CM (born June 22, 1952) is a First Nations Canadian actor who has worked on stage, in film, and in TV productions in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Dances with Wolves (1990). Other notable films include Thunderheart (1992), Maverick (1994), Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995), The Green Mile (1999), Skins (2002), Transamerica (2005), Casino Jack (2010), Winter's Tale (2014), The Shack (2017) and Wind River (2017).", "Q677769": "Gilberto de Mello Freyre (March 15, 1900 \u2013 July 18, 1987) was a Brazilian sociologist, anthropologist, historian, writer, painter, journalist and congressman, born in Recife, Northeast Brazil. He is commonly associated with other major Brazilian cultural interpreters of the first half of the 20th century, such as S\u00e9rgio Buarque de Holanda and Caio Prado J\u00fanior. His best-known work is a sociological treatise named Casa-Grande & Senzala (variously translated, but roughly The Main House and the Slave Quarters, as on a traditional plantation). Two sequels followed, The Mansions & the Shanties: The Making of Modern Brazil and Order & Progress: Brazil from Monarchy to Republic. The trilogy is generally considered a classic of modern cultural anthropology and social history, although it is not without its critics.\n\n", "Q660215": "Hilfikon was a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. In January 2010 Hilfikon merged into Villmergen.", "Q555570": "Jan Dobraczy\u0144ski (Warsaw, 20 April 1910 \u2013 5 March 1994, Warsaw) was a Polish writer, novelist, politician and Catholic publicist. In the Second Polish Republic between the two world wars, he was a supporter of the National Party and Catholic movements. During the 1939 Nazi\u2013Soviet invasion of Poland, he was a soldier of the Polish Army and member of Armia Krajowa until the end of World War II. Dobraczy\u0144ski participated in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. After the war he supported the Polish communists. He was a member of parliament Sejms, as activist of the PAX Association and of the Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth from 1982 to 1985. He held the rank of general in the Polish military.", "Q1077723": "Christopher Mark Robinson (born December 20, 1966) is an American musician. He is the singer of the rock band The Black Crowes, is the brother of its guitarist Rich Robinson, and is the vocalist and rhythm guitarist for the Chris Robinson Brotherhood.", "Q121006": "Max Knapp (13 November 1899 - 16 December 1979) was a Swiss film and television actor.", "Q1622237": "The Hochschule f\u00fcr bildende K\u00fcnste Hamburg (HFBK Hamburg) is the University of Fine Arts in Hamburg. It dates to 1767, when it was called the Hamburger Gewerbeschule; later it became known as Landeskunstschule Hamburg. The main building, located in the Uhlenhorst quarter of Hamburg-Nord borough, was designed by architect Fritz Schumacher, and built between 1911 and 1913. In 1970, it was accredited as an artistic-scientific university.", "Q119599": "Franz-Josef Deiters is a Melbourne-based literary scholar. He is Associate Professor in German Studies at Monash University. Before moving to Australia he taught at University of T\u00fcbingen (Germany), and has held visiting appointments at the University of Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt/M. (Germany) and at the University of Bergamo (Italy). Deiters is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities.\nDeiters's areas of research range across German literature from the 18th century to the present, the mediology of theatre, literary theory, and the intersection of literature and philosophy (amongst others).", "Q936476": "The Central University of Venezuela (or Universidad Central de Venezuela, UCV, in Spanish) is a public university of Venezuela located in Caracas. It is widely held to be the highest ranking institution in the country, and it also ranks 18th in Latin America. Founded in 1721, it is the oldest university in Venezuela and one of the oldest in the Western Hemisphere.\nThe main university campus, Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas, was designed by architect Carlos Ra\u00fal Villanueva and it is considered a masterpiece of urban planning and was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000.", "Q466810": "Marius Lavet (Clermont-Ferrand, February 8, 1894 - Paris, February 14, 1980) was a French engineer who invented in 1936 the principle of stepper motor. He studied at Sup\u00e9lec, the School of Electric Power, French private engineering school.\nA stepper motor can turn an electrical impulse in angular movement. This type of engine is very common in all devices where it is desirable to control the speed or position in open loop, usually in positioning systems. The invention of Lavet is enshrined in French Patent FR823395 and was instrumental, among other applications, for the development of watches with quartz mechanism, using the principle known as the piezoelectric. Quartz watches are today largely predominate in the world for its low price and its high precision, coming to have a negligible deviation for comuns citizens.", "Q4909249": "John William \"Bill\" Gurley, CFA (born May 10, 1966) is a general partner at Benchmark, a Silicon Valley venture capital firm in Menlo Park, California. He is listed consistently on the Forbes Midas List and is considered one of technology\u2019s top dealmakers.", "Q96044": "Rena Niehaus (born 18 December 1954) is a German film actress.\nBorn in Oldenburg, Rena Niehaus was a minor star in 1970s Italian genre cinema, also appearing in several important \"auteur\" films as Alberto Lattuada's Cuore di cane and Eriprando Visconti's La Orca and later, Oedipus Orca.", "Q67903": "Helma Sanders-Brahms (20 November 1940 \u2013 27 May 2014) was a German film director, screenwriter and producer.", "Q59635": "Randy Poffo (November 15, 1952 \u2013 May 20, 2011), better known by his ring name Randy Savage, was an American professional wrestler, actor, rapper and commentator best known for his time in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and later World Championship Wrestling (WCW). His best known nickname was \"Macho Man\".Savage was described by ESPN's Bill Simmons as \"one of the greatest pro wrestlers who ever lived\"\u2014a statement echoed by multiple industry performers. He was recognizable by wrestling fans for his distinctively deep and raspy voice, his flamboyant ring attire, intensity exhibited in and out of the ring, his use of \"Pomp and Circumstance\" as his entrance music, and his signature catch phrase, \"Oooh yeah!\" For most of his tenures in the WWF and WCW, Savage was managed by his real-life wife, Miss Elizabeth Hulette.\nSavage had 29 championship reigns with eleven titles during his 32-year career, including two as WWF World Heavyweight Champion and four as WCW World Heavyweight Champion. As WWF Champion, he held similar drawing power to Hulk Hogan. A one-time WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion, he was named by WWE as the greatest titleholder of all time and was credited for bringing \"a higher level of credibility to the title through his amazing in-ring performances\".Savage was the 1987 WWF King of the Ring and the 1995 WCW World War 3 winner. He headlined many pay-per-view events throughout his career, including WrestleManias IV, V and VIII (being part of a double main event at the last of those presentations), four of the first five SummerSlam shows, and the 1995 Starrcade. He was inducted into the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame upon its inception in 1996, with a posthumous WWE Hall of Fame induction following in 2015.", "Q163235": "Alexander Gordon Jump (April 1, 1932 \u2013 September 22, 2003) was an American actor best known as the clueless yet occasionally wise radio station manager Arthur \"Big Guy\" Carlson in the TV series WKRP in Cincinnati and the incompetent \"Chief of Police Tinkler\" in the sitcom Soap. Jump's most memorable guest starring role was on a two-part episode of the 1980s sitcom Diff'rent Strokes, in which he portrayed a pedophile who attempts to molest main characters Arnold and his friend, Dudley. He also played the \"Maytag Repairman\" in commercials for Maytag brand appliances, from 1989 until his retirement from the role in July 2003.", "Q292274": "Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark (Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1, born 9 June 1983 in St Mary's Hospital, London), also known under her stage name Theodora Greece, is a British actress and member of the Greek royal family and Danish Royal Family. She is currently ninth in the line of succession to the defunct Greek throne.", "Q996818": "Polyvinyl Record Co. is an American independent record label based in Champaign, Illinois. The label is headquartered in Champaign, IL and has satellite offices in Berkeley, New York, and Chicago. The Polyvinyl roster currently consists of 30+ active artists, including Alvvays, Xiu Xiu, and STRFKR, as well as longtime label signees like of Montreal, American Football, Deerhoof, and Rainer Maria. Recent additions to the Polyvinyl family include Anamanaguchi, Chris Farren, Grapetooth, Squirrel Flower, and Yumi Zouma. Polyvinyl has put out over 400 releases to date.", "Q720143": "Asa F. Martin (June 25, 1900 \u2013 August 15, 1979) was an American old time musician, singer and guitarist who made many recordings during the 1920s and 1930s and was closely associated with renowned fiddle player Doc Roberts, for whom he played rhythm guitar. In turn, Roberts frequently played mandolin on Martin's recordings; Roberts' son James also sang duets with Martin under the name \"Doc Roberts Trio\".", "Q944786": "Dominic Joseph Fontana (March 15, 1931 \u2013 June 13, 2018) was an American musician best known as the drummer for Elvis Presley for 14 years. In October 1954 he was hired to play drums for Presley, which marked the beginning of a fifteen-year relationship. He played on over 460 RCA cuts with Elvis.", "Q78823": "Baron Franz Xaver von Pillersdorf (1 March 1786 \u2013 22 February 1862) was an Austrian statesman.", "Q92222": "Friedrich Konrad M\u00fcller (born November 14, 1823 Ummerstadt; \u2020 26 April 1881 in Leipzig) was a German poet, journalist and physician. He called himself M\u00fcller von der Werra.", "Q28776956": "Maria Marshall is an English/ Swiss artist (born 1966, India). In the late 1990s, she became known for her video work, working mostly with children. Her recent works include \"Thought\" an alter ego character who can infiltrate the mind and replace thoughts. Based on meditation, this is a multimedia work which includes video, photography painting and sculpture.", "Q259663": "Julianne Nicholson (born July 1, 1971) is an American actress. She is best known for her main and supporting roles in multiple indie or drama films and TV series.\nShe played NYPD Detective Megan Wheeler on Law & Order: Criminal Intent, and also appeared in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire and Showtime's Masters of Sex, as well as Ivy in the film adaptation of August: Osage County. In 2016, she starred in the short-lived USA series Eyewitness.", "Q710080": "Johan \"Jan\" Mulder (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8jo\u02d0\u0266\u0251n j\u0251n \u02c8m\u0275ld\u0259r]; born 4 May 1945) is a Dutch former footballer, writer, columnist, and TV personality.", "Q11895": "Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985. When they signed to Geffen Records in 1986, the band comprised vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler. The current lineup consists of Rose, Slash, McKagan, keyboardist Dizzy Reed, guitarist Richard Fortus, drummer Frank Ferrer and keyboardist Melissa Reese.\nGuns N' Roses' debut album, Appetite for Destruction (1987), reached number one on the Billboard 200 a year after its release, on the strength of the Top 10 singles \"Welcome to the Jungle\", \"Paradise City\", and \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100. The album has sold approximately 30 million copies worldwide, including 18 million units in the United States, making it the country's bestselling debut album and eleventh-bestselling album. Their next studio album, G N' R Lies (1988), reached number two on the Billboard 200, sold ten million copies worldwide (including five million in the U.S.), and included the Top 5 hit \"Patience\". Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II, recorded simultaneously and released in 1991, debuted at number two and number one on the Billboard 200 respectively and have sold a combined 35 million copies worldwide, including 14 million units in the United States. The Illusion albums included the lead single \"You Could Be Mine\" (also featured in the film soundtrack for Terminator 2), covers of \"Live and Let Die\" and \"Knockin\u2019 on Heaven\u2019s Door\", and a trilogy of ballads (\"Don't Cry\", \"November Rain\", and \"Estranged\"), which featured notably high-budget music videos. The Illusion records were also supported by the extensive Use Your Illusion Tour, a world tour that lasted from 1991-1993. \"The Spaghetti Incident?\" (1993), an album of covers, was the band's last studio album to feature Slash and McKagan before their initial departure.\nWork on a follow up album stalled due to creative differences between band members; by 1998 only Rose and Reed remained from the Illusion-era lineup. After a decade of work and several lineup changes, Guns N' Roses's long-awaited sixth studio album Chinese Democracy (2008), was released. At an estimated $14 million in production costs, it is the most expensive rock album in history. It debuted at number three on the Billboard 200, but undersold industry expectations despite mostly positive critical reception. Slash and McKagan rejoined the band in 2016 for the Not in This Lifetime... Tour, which became the third-highest-grossing concert tour on record, grossing over $584 million by its conclusion in 2019.\nIn their early years, the band's hedonism and rebelliousness drew comparisons to the early Rolling Stones and earned them the nickname \"the most dangerous band in the world.\" The band's classic lineup, along with later members Reed and drummer Matt Sorum, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012, its first year of eligibility. Guns N' Roses have sold more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st-bestselling artist in history.", "Q345538": "Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian (, Western Armenian: \u0533\u0561\u056c\u0578\u0582\u057d\u057f \u053f\u056b\u0582\u056c\u057a\u0567\u0576\u056f\u0565\u0561\u0576; 23 March 1869 \u2013 20 July 1955) was a businessman and philanthropist of British nationality and Armenian origin. He played a major role in making the petroleum reserves of the Middle East available to Western development and is credited with being the first person to exploit Iraqi oil. Gulbenkian travelled extensively and lived in a number of cities including Istanbul, London, Paris and Lisbon.\nThroughout his life, Gulbenkian was involved with many philanthropic activities including the establishment of schools, hospitals, and churches. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, a private foundation based in Portugal, was created in 1956 by his bequest and continues to promote arts, charity, education, and science throughout the world. It is now among the largest foundations in Europe. By the end of his life he had become one of the world's wealthiest individuals and his art acquisitions one of the greatest private collections.\n\n", "Q172338": "Dave Morgan (7 August 1944 in Cranmore, Somerset \u2013 6 November 2018 in Leatherhead, Surrey) was a British racing driver from England. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1975 British Grand Prix in which, like several others, he crashed during a storm in the closing laps. He was classified 18th and thus scored no championship points.\nPrior to his single grand prix entry, Morgan raced a Mini in the mid-1960s, and soon moved on to Formula Three. He incurred a 12-month ban for dangerous driving at the end of 1970, after a last corner collision with James Hunt at Crystal Palace, but was subsequently allowed to progress to Formula Atlantic in 1971. This was followed by two seasons in Formula Two, then a return to Formula Atlantic. After his one Grand Prix, he retired from racing until returning in the RAC Tricentrol Series in 1980\u20131981, driving a Colt Lancer. Morgan also later worked as an engineer to Eric van de Poele, in both Formula One and Formula 3000.He died on 6 November 2018, following a stroke.", "Q445011": "Mireille Delunsch (born 2 November 1962) is an opera soprano. She was born in Mulhouse, France, and studied musicology and voice at the Conservatoire de Strasbourg. Her debut was at the Op\u00e9ra du Rhin in Mulhouse, in Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov.\nHer repertory is wide, from Baroque opera to 20th-century art songs, with an emphasis on French music. She is well known for the operas she has sung under the direction of French conductor Marc Minkowski.", "Q206367": "Silvia Tortosa (born 8 March 1947) is a Spanish actress. She appeared in more than sixty films since 1966.", "Q1822160": "Lewis Lichtenstein Strauss ( \"straws\"; January 31, 1896 \u2013 January 21, 1974) was an American businessman, philanthropist, public official, and naval officer. He was a major figure in the development of nuclear weapons and nuclear power in the United States.Strauss was the driving force in the controversial hearings, held in April 1954 before a U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Personnel Security Board, in which J. Robert Oppenheimer's security clearance was revoked. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's nomination of Strauss to become U.S. Secretary of Commerce in 1959 was not confirmed by the Senate.", "Q165644": "Paul H. Landers (born 9 December 1964) is a German musician, notable as guitarist for the Neue Deutsche H\u00e4rte band Rammstein, and the punk rock band Feeling B.", "Q94653": "Joseph Unger (2 July 1828 \u2013 12 May 1913) was an Austrian jurist and statesman. Having studied law at the university of his native city, he in 1850 was appointed assistant librarian, and in 1852 privatdozent, at his alma mater. The following year he was called to Prague as assistant professor at the university, and in 1855 to Vienna in a similar capacity. In 1857 he was appointed professor of jurisprudence at the latter institution. In 1867 he was successively elected a member of the Austrian Landtag and of the Reichsrat; but on account of ill health he had to resign in the following year. Appointed in 1869 by the Emperor Franz Joseph a life-member of the House of Lords, he soon became the whip of the Liberal Party. Two years later he became minister (without portfolio) in Prince Auersperg's cabinet, but resigned upon the prime minister's defeat in 1879. In 1881 he was appointed president of the Reichsgericht (Supreme Court of Administration). Unger converted from Judaism to Roman Catholicism in 1852.", "Q739412": "Jeffrey Campbell (born 22 December 1982), better known as Agent Sasco, and Assassin, is a Jamaican dancehall deejay.\n\n", "Q57618": "Artur Tahir oglu Rasizade (Azerbaijani: Artur Tahir o\u011flu Rasizad\u0259; born 26 February 1935) is an Azerbaijani politician who served as the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan from 1996 until 2003, and again from 2003 until 2018. Rasizade was a long-time Communist Party member during the Azerbaijan SSR period.", "Q175457": "Sergey Vladimirovich Ilyushin (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u044e\u0301\u0448\u0438\u043d; 30 March [O.S. 18 March] 1894 \u2013 9 February 1977) was a Soviet aircraft designer who founded the Ilyushin aircraft design bureau. He designed the Il-2 Shturmovik, which made its maiden flight in 1939. It is the most produced warplane, and remains the second most-produced aircraft in history, with some 36,000+ built, behind the US Cessna-172.", "Q3179605": "Joan Maj\u00f3 i Cruzate (born 19 June 1938) is a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Industry and Energy from July 1985 to July 1986.\n\n", "Q219521": "Walter Andrew Brennan (July 25, 1894 \u2013 September 21, 1974) was an American actor and singer. He is known for his performances in Sergeant York (1941), To Have and Have Not (1944), My Darling Clementine (1946), Red River (1948), Rio Bravo (1959), and How the West Was Won (1962). He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performances in Come and Get It (1936), Kentucky (1938), and The Westerner (1940), making him one of only three male actors to win three Academy Awards.", "Q124618": "Alfred Ilg (30 March 1854 \u2013 7 January 1916) was a Swiss engineer and a confidant to Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II. He was born in Frauenfeld, Switzerland.", "Q71807": "Helmuth Br\u00fcckner (7 May 1896 - 12 January 1951) was a Gauleiter of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) from 1925 until 1934, when he fell out of political favor.\n\n", "Q16644": "The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI; Chamorro: Sankattan Siha Na Islas Mari\u00e5nas; Filipino: Komonwelt ng mga Isla ng Hilagang Mariana; Refaluwasch or Carolinian: Commonwealth T\u00e9\u00e9l Fal\u00faw kka Ef\u00e1ng ll\u00f3l Marianas; formerly in Spanish: Islas Marianas del Norte, in German: N\u00f6rdliche Marianen, and in Japanese: \u5317\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u30ca\u8af8\u5cf6), is an insular area and commonwealth of the United States consisting of 14 islands in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The CNMI includes the 14 northernmost islands in the Mariana Archipelago except the southernmost island of the chain, Guam, which is a separate U.S. territory. The CNMI and Guam are the westernmost territories of the United States.\nThe United States Department of the Interior cites a landmass of 183.5 square miles (475.26 km2). According to the 2010 United States Census, 53,883 people were living in the CNMI at that time. The vast majority of the population resides on Saipan, Tinian, and Rota. The other islands of the Northern Marianas are sparsely inhabited; the most notable among these is P\u00e5gan, which for various reasons over the centuries has experienced major population flux, but formerly had residents numbering in the thousands.The administrative center is Capitol Hill, a village in northwestern Saipan. However, most publications consider Saipan to be the capital because the island is governed as a single municipality.", "Q271851": "Catherine Bach (born Catherine Bachman; March 1, 1954) is an American actress. She is known for playing Daisy Duke in the television series The Dukes of Hazzard and Margo Dutton in African Skies. In 2012, she joined the cast of the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless as Anita Lawson.", "Q123177": "Nina Petri (born 16 July 1963) is a German actress. She has appeared in more than one hundred films since 1983.\n\n", "Q1025065": "Sleepy Hollow is a village in the town of Mount Pleasant, in Westchester County, New York. The village is located on the east bank of the Hudson River, about 30 miles (48 km) north of New York City, and is served by the Philipse Manor stop on the Metro-North Hudson Line. To the south of Sleepy Hollow is the village of Tarrytown, and to the north and east are unincorporated parts of Mount Pleasant. The population of the village at the 2010 census was 9,870.Originally incorporated as North Tarrytown in the late 19th century, in 1996 the village officially adopted the traditional name for the area. The village is known internationally through \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\", a short story about the local area and its infamous specter, the Headless Horseman, written by Washington Irving, who lived in Tarrytown and is buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery. Owing to this story, as well as the village's roots in early American history and folklore, Sleepy Hollow is considered by some to be one of the \"most haunted places in the world\".The village is home to the Philipsburg Manor House and the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow, as well as the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, where in addition to Washington Irving, numerous other notable people are buried.", "Q240454": "Shannon Michelle Wilsey (October 9, 1970 \u2013 July 11, 1994), better known by her stage name Savannah, was an American pornographic film actress who starred in over 100 videos during her career. One of the most prominent adult industry models of her time, she achieved notoriety within her short (1990\u20131994) career due to her onscreen presence and personal life. In January 2002, AVN ranked her at #19 on their list of the top 50 porn stars of all time.Wilsey reportedly took her stage name from Savannah Smiles (1982), a movie she enjoyed. She died in 1994, after being taken to the hospital following a suicide attempt by firearm.", "Q92544": "Helmut Brunner (born 14 September 1954 in K\u00f6tzting) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He became a member of the Landtag of Bavaria in 1994.\nBrunner is famous for his quote: \"Do More Than Your Duty\"", "Q435290": "John Ericsson (born Johan) (July 31, 1803 \u2013 March 8, 1889) was a Swedish-American inventor. He was active in England and the United States.\nEricsson collaborated on the design of the railroad steam locomotive Novelty, which competed in the Rainhill Trials on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, which were won by inventor George Stephenson's (1781-1848), Rocket. In North America, he designed the United States Navy's first screw-propelled steam-frigate USS Princeton, in partnership with Captain (later Commodore) Robert F. Stockton (1795-1866), who unjustly blamed him for a fatal accident. A new partnership with Cornelius H. DeLamater (1821-1889), of the DeLamater Iron Works in New York City resulted in the first armoured ironclad warship equipped with a rotating gun turret, USS Monitor, which dramatically saved the U.S. (Union Navy) naval blockading squadron from destruction by an ironclad Confederate States naval vessel, CSS Virginia, at the famous Battle of Hampton Roads at the southern mouth of Chesapeake Bay (with the James River) in March 1862, during the American Civil War.", "Q251559": "The Treasure of the Sierra Madre is a 1948 American western adventure drama written and directed by John Huston. It is an adaptation of B. Traven's 1927 novel of the same name, set in the 1920s, in which, driven by their desperate economic plight, two young men, Fred C. Dobbs (Humphrey Bogart) and Bob Curtin (Tim Holt), join old-timer Howard (Walter Huston, the director's father) in Mexico to prospect for gold.\nThe Treasure of the Sierra Madre was one of the first Hollywood productions to be shot on location outside the United States (in the state of Durango with street scenes in Tampico, Mexico), although many scenes were filmed back in the studio and elsewhere in the U.S. In 1990, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q310511": "Armand Anthony Assante (; born October 4, 1949) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as mobster John Gotti in the 1996 HBO television film Gotti, Nietzsche in When Nietzsche Wept and Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer in 1982's I, the Jury. His performance in Gotti earned him a Primetime Emmy Award and nominations for the Golden Globe Award and the Screen Actors Guild Award.", "Q55769": "Pandurang Sadashiv Sane (Marathi: \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0926\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0935 \u0938\u093e\u0928\u0947); Marathi pronunciation: [pa\u0273\u0256ur\u0259\u014b\u0261\u0259 s\u0259d\u032aa\u0283iw\u0259 sane]; 24 December 1899 \u2013 11 June 1950), also known as Sane Guruji (Guruji meaning \"respected teacher\") by his students and followers, was a Marathi author, teacher, social activist and freedom fighter from Maharashtra, India. He is referred to as the National Teacher of India.", "Q1190812": "The University of New Mexico (UNM; Spanish: Universidad de Nuevo M\u00e9xico) is a public research university in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Founded in 1889, UNM offers bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional degree programs. The Albuquerque campus encompasses over 600 acres (2.4 km\u00b2), and there are branch campuses in Gallup, Los Alamos, Rio Rancho, Taos, and Los Lunas. UNM is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity.\"UNM's NCAA Division I program (FBS for football) offers 16 varsity sports. The teams are known as the Lobos, who compete in the Mountain West Conference. Two human mascots, referred to as Louie Lobo and Lucy Lobo, rouse crowds at New Mexico athletic events. The official school colors are cherry and silver. The Lobos have won national championships in skiing and cross country running.", "Q714580": "Masami Kuwashima (\u6851\u5cf6 \u6b63\u7f8e, born 14 September 1950) is a former racing driver from Japan. After some experience in the Japanese lower formulae, he made an attempt at Formula One.\nA deal to drive in the 1976 Japanese Grand Prix with the RAM team came to nothing, but Kuwashima found a seat with the then-struggling Wolf\u2013Williams Racing, driving a Wolf\u2013Williams FW05. He took part in the first practice session for the race, but proved rather slow. In any case, later that day his sponsors withdrew their financing of the Williams deal, and Frank Williams promptly replaced Kuwashima with Hans Binder for the second practice session and the race itself. Kuwashima was not to have another chance in Formula One, and he returned to the Japanese Formula 2000 and Formula Two series where he spent the rest of his career.", "Q296774": "Thomas Mark Harmon (born September 2, 1951) is an American television and film actor. He has appeared in a wide variety of roles since the early 1970s. Initially a college football player, his role on St. Elsewhere led to his being named \"Sexiest Man Alive\" by People in 1986. After spending the majority of the 1990s as a character actor, he played Secret Service special agent Simon Donovan in The West Wing, receiving a 2002 Emmy Award nomination for his acting in a four-episode story arc.Harmon was cast in a similar role a year later. The creator of both JAG and NCIS had seen Harmon in The West Wing and decided to cast him in NCIS. Harmon's character of NCIS special agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs was first introduced in a guest starring role in two episodes of JAG. Since 2003, Harmon has starred in NCIS as the same character.", "Q17069901": "Rotana Records (Arabic: \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u200e [ts\u01e7yl\u0101t rwt\u0101n\u0101]) is the Arab World's largest record label. It is owned by the Rotana Group, established by Mohammed and Ahmed Nagro later sold to the Saudi Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal, who sometimes personally signs artists to the label. Rotana Records is part of a media empire that includes a film production company, a magazine of the same name, a record label, and seven music channels. More than 100 artists are signed to Rotana.During the 1990s and 2000s, the label was distributed by EMI Arabia.", "Q601199": "Sunspot (Roberto da Costa) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is most commonly associated with X-Men-related groups the New Mutants and X-Force.\nA mutant from Brazil, Sunspot possesses the ability to absorb and channel solar power. He is idealistic and impulsive, but is considered a close friend of many of his teammates. He was an important member of the X-Men's 1980s-era junior team and its reincarnation X-Force. He later retired his career as Sunspot and garnered a massive fortune, allowing him to buy out the organization Advanced Idea Mechanics, rebranding it Avengers Idea Mechanics, which he operates under the codename Citizen V.\nIn film, actor Adan Canto portrayed the character in X-Men: Days of Future Past. Henry Zaga will portray a younger version in The New Mutants.", "Q2332797": "The Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430; Kazakh: Qazaq Aptonom Sotsijalijstik Sobettik Respuvblijkas\u044c), abbreviated as Kazak ASSR (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0410\u0421\u0421\u0420; Kazakh: Qazaq ASSR) and simply Kazakhstan (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d; Kazakh: Qazaqstan), was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) existing from 1925 until 1936.\nUntil February 1936, the official name was Kazak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430), abbreviated as Kazakh ASSR (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0410\u0421\u0421\u0420) and simply Kazakhstan (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d).", "Q24184": "Keno Don Hugo Rosa (), known simply as Don Rosa (born June 29, 1951), is an American comic book writer and illustrator known for his Disney comics stories about Scrooge McDuck, Donald Duck, and other characters that Carl Barks created for Disney-licensed comic books, first published in America by Dell Comics. Many of his stories are built on characters and locations created by Carl Barks; among these was his very first Duck story, \"The Son of the Sun\" (1987), which was nominated for a Harvey Award in the \"Best Story of the Year\" category.\nRosa created about 90 stories between 1987 and 2006. In 1995, his 12-chapter work The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck won the Eisner Award for \"Best Serialized Story\".", "Q232968": "Kathryn Susan Morris (born January 28, 1969) is an American actress, best known for her lead role as Detective Lilly Rush in the CBS series Cold Case.", "Q9125": "Winterthur ( VIN-t\u0259r-toor, German: [\u02c8v\u026ant\u0250tu\u02d0\u0250\u032f]; French: Winterthour) is a city in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in northern Switzerland. It has the country's sixth-largest population, estimated at over 110,000 people, and is the ninth-largest agglomeration with about 140,000 inhabitants. Today Winterthur is a service and high-tech industrial satellite city within Greater Z\u00fcrich, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Z\u00fcrich, and only 20 minutes by train.\nThe official language of Winterthur is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect. Winterthur is usually abbreviated as Winti in the local dialect and by its inhabitants.\nWinterthur is connected to Germany by direct trains and has links to Zurich Airport. It is also a regional transport hub: the A1 motorway from Geneva through to St. Margrethen connects in Winterthur with the A4 motorway heading north toward Schaffhausen and the A7 motorway heading close to the Swiss-German border at Kreuzlingen. There are also roads leading to other places such as Turbenthal. The railway station is the fifth busiest railway station in Switzerland.", "Q129328": "Hugo Alfaro (Tala, Uruguay, 20 February 1917 \u2013 Montevideo, 16 March 1996) was a Uruguayan journalist, intellectual and film critic.\nIn his youth he contributed to the famous weekly newspaper Marcha. Later, in 1985, he was the main founder of the newspaper Brecha.", "Q714594": "Piero Dusio (13 October 1899 \u2013 7 November 1975) was an Italian soccer player, businessman and racing driver.\n\n", "Q298995": "Crista Flanagan (born February 24, 1976) is an American actress and comedienne, best known for her work as a cast member on the FOX sketch comedy series MADtv from 2005 to 2009, various roles in films made by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer, and for her recurring role as Lois Sadler on the AMC series Mad Men.", "Q42201": "Independent music (often referred to as indie music or indie) is music produced independently from commercial record labels or their subsidiaries, a process that may include an autonomous, do-it-yourself approach to recording and publishing. The term indie is sometimes used to describe a genre (such as indie rock and indie pop), and as a genre term, \"indie\" may include music that is not independently produced, and many independent music artists do not fall into a single, defined musical style or genre and create self-published music that can be categorized into diverse genres. The term \u2018indie\u2019 or \u2018independent music\u2019 can be traced back to as early as the 1920s after it was first used to reference independent film companies but was later used as a term to classify an independent band or record producer.", "Q597157": "Sergio Vodanovi\u0107 Pistelli (1926\u20132001) was a lawyer, journalist, dramatist and television writer from Chile of Croatian ancestry. His works were critical of corruption and social structures.\nHe studied theater at Columbia and Yale Universities. He was professor at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and the Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n.", "Q91059": "Richard Plant (July 22, 1910 \u2013 March 3, 1998) was a gay Jewish emigre from Nazi Germany first to Switzerland and then to the U.S. who became a professor at the City University of New York, where he taught German language and literature from 1947 to 1973. He authored an opera scenario as well a number of fictional and non-fictional works, notably The Pink Triangle: The Nazi War Against Homosexuals (1986).", "Q34397": "The Cleveland Show is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane, Richard Appel, and Mike Henry for the Fox Broadcasting Company as a spin-off of Family Guy. The series centered on the Browns and Tubbs, two dysfunctional families consisting of parents Cleveland Brown and Donna Tubbs and their children Cleveland Brown Jr., Roberta Tubbs, and Rallo Tubbs. Similar to Family Guy, it exhibited much of its humor in the form of cutaway gags that often lampoon American culture, though it uses significantly less than Family Guy.\nThe series was conceived by MacFarlane in 2007 after developing the two animated series Family Guy and American Dad! for the Fox network. MacFarlane centered the show on Family Guy character Cleveland Brown, his new wife Donna Tubbs, his step-children Rallo and Roberta Tubbs, and his son Cleveland, Jr., who, in the show, is depicted as an obese, soft-spoken teen, as opposed to his depiction as a younger, hyperactive child with average body weight on Family Guy.\nThe series originally aired from September 27, 2009, to May 19, 2013, for a total of four seasons and 88 episodes. The Cleveland Show was nominated for one Annie Award, one Primetime Emmy Award, and two Teen Choice Awards, but received mixed reviews from media critics. The series was canceled after its fourth season. Cleveland has since returned to Family Guy, accompanied by the rest of the Brown-Tubbs family, as of the twelfth season episode \"He's Bla-ack!\".\nIn July 2010, the Turner Broadcasting System picked up syndication rights, for their networks TBS and Adult Swim. The series first aired in syndication on Adult Swim on Cartoon Network in the United States on September 29, 2012 and on MuchMusic in Canada on September 2, 2013. Although the series was considered a TBS series, the series was broadcast on Adult Swim and MuchMusic. On September 9, 2018, the series stopped airing on Adult Swim and TBS in the United States. On August 31, 2017, the series stopped airing on MuchMusic in Canada. On July 14, 2018, Comedy Central picked up the rights to the series and it began airing on Comedy Central in the United States on October 8, 2018 and moved to Teletoon at Night in Canada on September 1, 2018.", "Q318159": "Abraham \"Abe\" Laboriel Jr. (born March 23, 1971) is an American session drummer. He is the son of Mexican bass guitarist Abraham Laboriel, nephew of Mexican rocker Johnny Laboriel, and brother of record producer, songwriter, and film composer Mateo Laboriel. He has been the drummer for former Beatles member Paul McCartney since 2001, as well as for the French singer Myl\u00e8ne Farmer among others.", "Q86525": "Helene von Druskowitz (May 2, 1856 \u2013 May 31, 1918), born Helena Maria Druschkovich, was an Austrian philosopher, writer and music critic. She was the second woman to obtain a Doctorate in Philosophy, which she obtained in Z\u00fcrich. She usually published under a male alias because of predominant sexism.", "Q3134077": "Herman Warden Lay (March 6, 1909 in Charlotte, North Carolina \u2013 December 6, 1982 in Dallas, Texas) was an American businessman who was involved in potato chip manufacturing with his eponymous brand of Lay's potato chips. He started H.W. Lay Co., Inc., now part of the Frito-Lay corporation, a subsidiary of PepsiCo.", "Q591526": "Anton Levien Constandse (September 13, 1899 \u2013 March 23, 1983) was a Dutch anarchist author and journalist.\n\n", "Q329384": "Lane Toran (born Lane Toran Caudell; October 15, 1982), also known as Toran Caudell, is an American actor, voice actor, musician and songwriter.", "Q78189": "Karsten Friedrich Hoppenstedt (born 6 April 1937, in Osnabr\u00fcck) is a German politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament from 1989 to 2009. He was a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.", "Q26793": "Bergen (Norwegian pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u00e6\u0300r\u0261n\u0329] (listen)), historically Bj\u00f8rgvin, is a city and municipality in Vestland on the west coast of Norway. At the end of 2019, the municipality's population was 283,929, and the Bergen metropolitan region has about 420,000 inhabitants. Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway. The municipality covers 465 square kilometres (180 sq mi) and is on the peninsula of Bergenshalv\u00f8yen. The city centre and northern neighbourhoods are on Byfjorden, 'the city fjord', and the city is surrounded by mountains; Bergen is known as the 'city of seven mountains'. Many of the extra-municipal suburbs are on islands. Bergen is the administrative centre of Hordaland, and consists of eight boroughs: Arna, Bergenhus, Fana, Fyllingsdalen, Laksev\u00e5g, Ytrebygda, \u00c5rstad, and \u00c5sane.\nTrading in Bergen may have started as early as the 1020s. According to tradition, the city was founded in 1070 by king Olav Kyrre and was named Bj\u00f8rgvin, 'the green meadow among the mountains'. It served as Norway's capital in the 13th century, and from the end of the 13th century became a bureau city of the Hanseatic League. Until 1789, Bergen enjoyed exclusive rights to mediate trade between Northern Norway and abroad and it was the largest city in Norway until the 1830s when it was overtaken by the capital, Christiania (now known as Oslo). What remains of the quays, Bryggen, is a World Heritage Site. The city was hit by numerous fires over the years. The Bergen School of Meteorology was developed at the Geophysical Institute starting in 1917, the Norwegian School of Economics was founded in 1936, and the University of Bergen in 1946. From 1831 to 1972, Bergen was its own county. In 1972 the municipality absorbed four surrounding municipalities and became a part of Hordaland county.\nThe city is an international center for aquaculture, shipping, the offshore petroleum industry and subsea technology, and a national centre for higher education, media, tourism and finance. Bergen Port is Norway's busiest in terms of both freight and passengers, with over 300 cruise ship calls a year bringing nearly a half a million passengers to Bergen, a number that has doubled in 10 years. Almost half of the passengers are German or British. The city's main football team is SK Brann and a unique tradition of the city is the buekorps. Natives speak a distinct dialect, known as 'Bergensk'. The city features Bergen Airport, Flesland and Bergen Light Rail, and is the terminus of the Bergen Line. Four large bridges connect Bergen to its suburban municipalities.\nBergen has a mild winter climate, though with a lot of precipitation. From December to March, Bergen can be, in rare cases, up to 20 \u00b0C warmer than Oslo, even though both cities are at about 60\u00b0 North. The Gulf Stream keeps the sea relatively warm, considering the latitude, and the mountains protect the city from cold winds from the north, north-east and east.", "Q241986": "Luis Augusto Huergo (November 1, 1837 \u2013 November 4, 1913) was an Argentine engineer prominent in the development of his country's ports.", "Q48": "Asia ( (listen)) is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres. It shares the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe and the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Europe and Africa. Asia covers an area of 44,579,000 square kilometres (17,212,000 sq mi), about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements, as well as vast barely populated regions. Its 4.5 billion people (as of June 2019) constitute roughly 60% of the world's population.In general terms, Asia is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean, and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. The border of Asia with Europe is a historical and cultural construct, as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them. It is somewhat arbitrary and has moved since its first conception in classical antiquity. The division of Eurasia into two continents reflects East\u2013West cultural, linguistic, and ethnic differences, some of which vary on a spectrum rather than with a sharp dividing line. The most commonly accepted boundaries place Asia to the east of the Suez Canal separating it from Africa; and to the east of the Turkish Straits, the Ural Mountains and Ural River, and to the south of the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian and Black Seas, separating it from Europe.China and India alternated in being the largest economies in the world from 1 to 1800 CE. China was a major economic power and attracted many to the east, and for many the legendary wealth and prosperity of the ancient culture of India personified Asia, attracting European commerce, exploration and colonialism. The accidental discovery of a trans-Atlantic route from Europe to America by Columbus while in search for a route to India demonstrates this deep fascination. The Silk Road became the main east\u2013west trading route in the Asian hinterlands while the Straits of Malacca stood as a major sea route. Asia has exhibited economic dynamism (particularly East Asia) as well as robust population growth during the 20th century, but overall population growth has since fallen. Asia was the birthplace of most of the world's mainstream religions including Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Jainism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, as well as many other religions.\nGiven its size and diversity, the concept of Asia\u2014a name dating back to classical antiquity\u2014may actually have more to do with human geography than physical geography. Asia varies greatly across and within its regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics, historical ties and government systems. It also has a mix of many different climates ranging from the equatorial south via the hot desert in the Middle East, temperate areas in the east and the continental centre to vast subarctic and polar areas in Siberia.", "Q188280": "Christina Applegate (born November 25, 1971) is an American actress and dancer. As an adolescent actress, she started playing the role of Kelly Bundy on the Fox sitcom Married... with Children (1987\u20131997). In her adult years, Applegate established a film and television career, winning an Emmy Award (for her guest role in the sitcom Friends) and earning Tony and Golden Globe nominations.\nApplegate has had major roles in several films, including Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead (1991), The Big Hit (1998), The Sweetest Thing (2002), Grand Theft Parsons (2003), Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004) and its sequel Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues (2013), Hall Pass (2011), Vacation (2015), and Bad Moms (2016). She has also starred in the 2005 Broadway revival of the musical Sweet Charity, for which she received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical. Applegate has played the lead role in the television sitcoms Jesse (1998\u20132000), Samantha Who? (2007\u20132009) and Up All Night (2011\u201312), and in the Netflix dark tragicomedy series Dead to Me (2019-present).", "Q2822342": "The Acad\u00e9mie de l'air et de l'espace (AAE) is the French national Air and Space Academy. Established in 1983 in Toulouse on the initiative of Andr\u00e9 Turcat, the aims of the academy are the following: \"To encourage the development of high quality scientific, technical, cultural and Human Actions in the realms of Air and Space, promote knowledge in these areas and constitute a focal point for activities\". Its members, who come from all walks of aerospace life : pilots, astronauts, scientists, engineers, doctors, manufacturers, economists, lawyers, artists ... all work together to achieve these essential goals.\nIts President is Gerard Brachet.", "Q153484": "Resident Evil is a 2002 action horror film written and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson. The film stars Milla Jovovich, Michelle Rodriguez, Eric Mabius, James Purefoy, Martin Crewes, and Colin Salmon. It is the first installment in the Resident Evil film series, which is loosely based on the video game series of the same name.\nBorrowing elements from the video games Resident Evil and Resident Evil 2, the film follows amnesiac heroine Alice and a band of Umbrella Corporation commandos as they attempt to contain the outbreak of the T-virus at a secret underground facility. The film received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office success, grossing more than $100 million worldwide.\nThe film received five sequels: Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004), Resident Evil: Extinction (2007), Resident Evil: Afterlife (2010), Resident Evil: Retribution (2012), and Resident Evil: The Final Chapter (2016).\n\n", "Q163547": "The Republic of Ireland national football team (Irish: Foireann peile n\u00e1isi\u00fanta Phoblacht na h\u00c9ireann) represents Ireland in men's international football. It is governed by the Football Association of Ireland (FAI) and stages its home fixtures at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin.\nThe team made their debut at the 1924 Summer Olympics, reaching the quarter-finals. Between 1924 and 1936, the team competed as the Irish Free State and from then until 1950, it was referred to by the FAI as \u00c9ire or Ireland. In 1953, FIFA decreed that for competitive matches in tournaments that both Irish teams may enter, the FAI team would be officially called the Republic of Ireland while the IFA team was to be named Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland was allowed to use the title Ireland by FIFA in the Home International Competition until it was discontinued in 1984. The Republic of Ireland was the first nation from outside the United Kingdom to defeat England at home in a fixture played at Goodison Park, Liverpool, in 1949. The team also reached the quarter-final stage of the 1964 European Nations' Cup, where they lost to the eventual champions Spain.\nUnder the guidance of Jack Charlton, the team enjoyed its most successful era, reaching their highest FIFA world ranking ever at sixth in August 1993, and qualifying for UEFA Euro 1988 in their first appearance at the UEFA European Championship, reaching the quarter-finals of the 1990 FIFA World Cup in their first ever appearance at the finals, as well as making the last 16 at the 1994 edition. Charlton's successor Mick McCarthy lost out on the next two major tournaments but ultimately qualified for the 2002 World Cup, making it to the last 16. Under Giovanni Trapattoni, the team narrowly lost out on qualification for the 2010 World Cup during a controversial play-off, but went on to qualify for Euro 2012.\nThe team failed to qualify for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, marking the end of Trapattoni's tenure as manager. The Republic of Ireland also fell to a record low FIFA ranking of 59th, then a record low of 70th in June 2014. For the next Euro qualifying campaign under manager Martin O'Neill, the Republic of Ireland finished third behind Germany and Poland, but went on to qualify for Euro 2016 after a 3\u20131 aggregate win over Bosnia and Herzegovina in the play-offs. The Boys in Green reached the Round of 16 stage at that tournament and were knocked out by the hosts and eventual runners-up France after losing 2\u20131.", "Q1514729": "Ray Wylie Hubbard (born November 13, 1946) is an American singer and songwriter.", "Q355059": "Hunter Parrish Tharp (born May 13, 1987) is an American actor and singer. He is known for playing the role of Silas Botwin in the Showtime series Weeds and for his performances in the Broadway productions of Godspell in the role of Jesus and Spring Awakening as Melchior.", "Q720157": "Asa Smith Bushnell I (September 16, 1834 \u2013 January 15, 1904) was a Republican politician from Ohio. He served as the 40th Governor of Ohio. Prior to becoming governor, he served as the president of the Warder, Bushnell and Glessner Company, which became one of four companies that merged to form International Harvester. Other roles in business included serving as president of the Springfield Gas Company and the First National Bank of Springfield.", "Q662416": "Tic Tac Toe was an all-female German group formed in 1995, performing pop-rap music. Their first two albums, Tic Tac Toe and Klappe die 2te, were million-selling commercial successes and spawned major hits \"Ich find' dich schei\u00dfe\", \"Verpiss' dich\" and \"Warum?\". The band found biggest popularity in German speaking countries, the Netherlands and Eastern Europe. Due to numerous scandals and personal issues between the group members, Tic Tac Toe split in 2000. The band had a successful but short-lived comeback in 2005 with the hit single \"Spiegel\", but ultimately disbanded in 2007.", "Q67917": "Justus von Dohn\u00e1nyi (born 2 December 1960) is a German actor, best known for portraying Wilhelm Burgdorf in 2004 film Der Untergang.", "Q2572842": "\"Everybody's Favorite Bagman\" is the sixth episode of the police procedural and legal drama Law & Order. It originally aired on NBC on October 30, 1990. It was produced in 1988 and was the pilot episode of the series.", "Q11881": "John Tyler (March 29, 1790 \u2013 January 18, 1862) was the tenth president of the United States from 1841 to 1845 after briefly serving as the tenth vice president in 1841; he was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with President William Henry Harrison. Tyler ascended to the presidency after Harrison's death in April 1841, only a month after the start of the new administration. He was a stalwart supporter and advocate of states' rights, and he adopted nationalist policies as president only when they did not infringe on the powers of the states. His unexpected rise to the presidency posed a threat to the presidential ambitions of Henry Clay and other politicians, and left Tyler estranged from both major political parties.\nTyler was born to a prominent Virginia family and became a national figure at a time of political upheaval. In the 1820s, the nation's only political party was the Democratic-Republican Party, and it split into factions. Tyler was initially a Democrat, but he opposed Andrew Jackson during the Nullification Crisis, seeing Jackson's actions as infringing on states' rights, and he criticized Jackson's expansion of executive power during the Bank War. This led Tyler to ally with the Whig Party. He served as a Virginia state legislator, governor, U.S. representative, and U.S. senator. He was put on the 1840 presidential ticket to attract states' rights Southerners to a Whig coalition to defeat Martin Van Buren's re-election bid.\nPresident Harrison died just one month after taking office, and Tyler became the first vice president to succeed to the presidency without election. He served longer than any president in U.S. history not elected to the office. To forestall constitutional uncertainty, Tyler immediately took the oath of office, moved into the White House, and assumed full presidential powers\u2014a precedent that governed future successions and was codified in the Twenty-fifth Amendment. Tyler signed into law some of the Whig-controlled Congress's bills, but he was a strict constructionist and vetoed the party's bills to create a national bank and raise the tariff rates. He believed that the president should set policy rather than Congress, and he sought to bypass the Whig establishment, most notably senator Henry Clay of Kentucky. Most of Tyler's Cabinet resigned soon into his term, and the Whigs dubbed him His Accidency and expelled him from the party. Tyler was the first president to see his veto of legislation overridden by Congress. He faced a stalemate on domestic policy, although he had several foreign-policy achievements, including the Webster\u2013Ashburton Treaty with Britain and the Treaty of Wanghia with Qing China.\nThe Republic of Texas separated from Mexico in 1836. Tyler was a firm believer in manifest destiny and saw its annexation as providing an economic advantage to the United States, so he worked diligently to make it happen. He initially sought election to a full term as president, but he failed to gain the support of either Whigs or Democrats and withdrew in support of Democrat James K. Polk, who favored the annexation of Texas. Polk won the election, Tyler signed a bill to annex Texas three days before leaving office, and Polk completed the process. When the American Civil War began in 1861, Tyler sided with the Confederacy and won election to the Confederate House of Representatives shortly before his death. Some scholars have praised Tyler's political resolve, but historians have generally ranked his presidency lowly. Seldom remembered when compared to others who have held the same office, he maintains only a limited presence in contemporary American cultural memory.", "Q78837": "Soap&Skin is the experimental musical project of Austrian artist Anja Plaschg (born 5 April 1990).", "Q1951830": "Janove Ottesen (born Jan Ove Ottesen, 1975) is a Norwegian musician, born in Stord, Hordaland, Norway. He specializes in vocals, guitar and barrels, and is a leading member of the Norwegian band Kaizers Orchestra.", "Q19205": "Robert Gregory Bourdon (born January 20, 1979) is an American musician, best known as the drummer and founding member of the American rock band Linkin Park.The youngest member of the band, Bourdon met Aerosmith drummer Joey Kramer, and was inspired to learn how to play the drums. After joining his high school's jazz band in his sophomore year, he met Brad Delson and Mike Shinoda, who both lived nearby in the San Fernando Valley. Eventually, Bourdon and Delson would form their own band, Relative Degree. The band achieved their goal of playing one show and broke up soon afterwards, and rejoined Shinoda in 1996.\n\n", "Q433193": "Dominique Rocheteau (French pronunciation: \u200b[d\u0254minik \u0281\u0254\u0283\u0259to]; born 14 January 1955) is a French former international football winger. He played in the final tournament of three World Cups, scoring at least a goal in each of them, and was part of the team that won the European Championship in 1984. At club level, he won 4 Division 1 titles, 3 Coupes de France and played in the 1976 European Champion Clubs' Cup final.", "Q85992": "Friedrich von Hellwald ( 29 March 1842, Padua \u2013 1 November 1892, Cannstatt) was an Austrian writer on geography and the history of civilization.", "Q721249": "Giovanni Battista Ceirano (1 October 1860 \u2013 1912) was an Italian entrepreneur and car pioneer. The first motorcar he designed and built was the Well-Eyes, but he sold the rights to Giovanni Agnelli of F.I.A.T. who manufactured it in volume as their first motor car.", "Q102813": "Yul Brynner (born Yuliy Borisovich Briner, Russian: \u042e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440; July 11, 1920 \u2013 October 10, 1985) was a Russian-American film and stage actor.Brynner first became widely known for his portrayal of King Mongkut of Siam in the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical The King and I, for which he won two Tony Awards and an Academy Award for the film version. He played the role 4,625 times on stage. He also starred as Ramesses II in the Cecil B. DeMille epic The Ten Commandments (1956). He played General Bounine in the film Anastasia (also 1956), the gunman Chris Adams in The Magnificent Seven (1960) and its first sequel Return of the Seven, and the android \"The Gunslinger\" in Westworld (1973) and its sequel Futureworld (1976).Brynner was known for his shaved head, which he maintained as a personal trademark long after adopting it in 1951 for his role in The King and I. Earlier, he was a model and television director, and later a photographer and the author of two books.", "Q830761": "Possessed is an American death metal band, originally formed in 1983. Noted for their fast style of playing and Jeff Becerra's growled vocals, they are often called the first band in the death metal genre. The band is also notable for featuring Larry LaLonde, who was the guitarist of Possessed during the mid-1980s, and went on to join Primus.\nAfter breaking up in 1987, and briefly reforming from 1990 to 1993, the band reformed under original bassist and vocalist Jeff Becerra in 2007. To date, the band has released three studio albums, one live album, two compilation albums and two EPs.", "Q216160": "Jeremy Charles Robert Clarkson (born 11 April 1960) is an English broadcaster, journalist and writer who specialises in motoring. He is best known for co-presenting the motoring programmes Top Gear, from 2002 until 2015, and The Grand Tour alongside Richard Hammond and James May. He also currently writes weekly columns for The Sunday Times and The Sun.\nFrom a career as a local journalist in northern England, Clarkson rose to public prominence as a presenter of the original format of Top Gear in 1988. Since the mid-1990s, he has become a recognised public personality, regularly appearing on British television presenting his own shows for BBC and appearing as a guest on other shows. As well as motoring, Clarkson has produced programmes and books on subjects such as history and engineering. In 1998, he hosted the first series of Robot Wars, and from 1998 to 2000 he also hosted his own talk show, Clarkson.\nIn 2015, the BBC decided not to renew Clarkson's contract with the company after an assault on a Top Gear producer while filming on location. That year, Clarkson and his Top Gear co-presenters and producer Andy Wilman formed the production company W. Chump & Sons to produce The Grand Tour for Prime Video. Since 2018, Clarkson has hosted the revived ITV gameshow Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, replacing former host Chris Tarrant.\nHis opinionated but humorous tongue-in-cheek writing and presenting style has often provoked a public reaction. His actions, both privately and as a Top Gear presenter have also sometimes resulted in criticism from the media, politicians, pressure groups and the public. He also has a significant public following, being credited as a major factor in the resurgence of Top Gear as one of the most popular shows on the BBC.", "Q139885": "Jon Bogdanove is an American comics artist and writer. He is best known for his work on Power Pack and Superman: The Man of Steel, as well as for creating the character Steel with writer Louise Simonson in 1993.", "Q1826312": "Lindsey Horner (born October 4, 1960, New York City) is an American jazz double-bassist.\nHorner studied double bass at the Juilliard School of Music as well as musicology and philosophy at Trinity College (Dublin). He also took private lessons with Milt Hinton and Dave Holland. Since 1982 he has directed his own groups; his first two CDs Never No More (1991) and Mercy Angel (1995) were rated five out of five stars by Down Beat. He also conducted the group \"The Chromatic Persuaders\" together with the pianist Neal Kirkwood and was a member of the trio of Myra Melford (Alive in the House of Saints, 1993) and the quartet of Matthias Schubert. In addition, he also recorded with Muhal Richard Abrams, Marty Ehrlich, Herb Robertson, Tom Varner, Bobby Previte, Peter Herborn and the New York Composer's Orchestra. He has performed with Pharoah Sanders, John Zorn, Joey Baron, Mark Feldman, Ray Anderson, and Don Byron. He also plays Irish music, with The Chieftains, the Bothy Band and Andy Irvine.", "Q484881": "Peter Michael Falk (September 16, 1927 \u2013 June 23, 2011) was an American actor and comedian, known for his role as Lieutenant Columbo in the long-running television series Columbo (1968\u20132003), for which he won four Primetime Emmy Awards (1972, 1975, 1976, 1990) and a Golden Globe Award (1973). He first starred as Columbo in two 90-minute TV pilots; the first with Gene Barry in 1968 and the second with Lee Grant in 1971. The show then aired as part of The NBC Mystery Movie series from 1971 to 1978, and again on ABC from 1989 to 2003.Falk was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, for Murder, Inc. (1960) and Pocketful of Miracles (1961), and won his first Emmy Award in 1962 for The Dick Powell Theatre. He was the first actor to be nominated for an Academy Award and an Emmy Award in the same year, achieving the feat twice (1961/62). He went on to appear in such films as It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963), The Great Race (1965), Anzio (1968), Murder by Death (1976), The Cheap Detective (1978), The In-Laws (1979), The Princess Bride (1987), Wings of Desire (1987), The Player (1992), and Next (2007), as well as many television guest roles.\nFalk was also known for his collaborations with filmmaker and actor John Cassavetes in films such as: Husbands (1970), A Woman Under the Influence (1974), Opening Night (1977), Elaine May's Mikey and Nicky (1976) and the Columbo episode: \u00c9tude in Black (1972).\t\nDirector William Friedkin said of Falk's role in his film The Brink's Job (1978): \"Peter has a great range from comedy to drama. He could break your heart or he could make you laugh.\" In 1996, TV Guide ranked Falk No. 21 on its 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time list. He received posthumously a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2013.", "Q712683": "Percy Faith (April 7, 1908 \u2013 February 9, 1976) was a Canadian bandleader, orchestrator, composer and conductor, known for his lush arrangements of pop and Christmas standards. He is often credited with popularizing the \"easy listening\" or \"mood music\" format. Faith became a staple of American popular music in the 1950s and continued well into the 1960s. Though his professional orchestra-leading career began at the height of the swing era, Faith refined and rethought orchestration techniques, including use of large string sections, to soften and fill out the brass-dominated popular music of the 1940s.", "Q485547": "Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad (3 November 1618 \u2013 3 March 1707), commonly known by the sobriquet Aurangzeb (Persian: \"Ornament of the Throne\") or by his regnal title Alamgir (Persian: \"Conqueror of the World\"), was the sixth Mughal emperor, who ruled over almost the entire Indian subcontinent for a period of 49 years. Widely considered to be the last effective ruler of the Mughal Empire, Aurangzeb compiled the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri, and was among the few monarchs to have fully established Sharia law and Islamic economics throughout the Indian subcontinent. He was an accomplished military leader whose rule has been the subject of praise, though he has also been described as the most controversial ruler in Indian history.He was a notable expansionist; during his reign, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent, ruling over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent. During his lifetime, victories in the south expanded the Mughal Empire to 4 million square kilometres, and he ruled over a population estimated to be over 158 million subjects, with an annual revenue of $450 million (more than ten times that of his contemporary Louis XIV of France), or \u00a338,624,680 (2,879,469,894 rupees) in 1690. Under his reign, India surpassed Qing China to become the world's largest economy and biggest manufacturing power, worth nearly a quarter of global GDP and more than the entirety of Western Europe, and its largest and wealthiest subdivision, the Bengal Subah, signaled the proto-industrialization.Aurangzeb was noted for his religious piety; he memorized the entire Quran, studied hadiths and stringently observed the rituals of Islam.\nUnlike his predecessors, including his father Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb considered the royal treasury to be held in trust for the citizens of his empire. He did not enjoy a luxurious life and his personal expenses and constructions of small mosques were covered by his own earnings, which included the sewing of caps and trade of his written copies of the Quran. He also patronized works of Islamic and Arabic calligraphy.Aurangzeb has been subject to criticism. Critics argue that his policies abandoned his predecessors' legacy of pluralism and religious tolerance, citing his introduction of the jizya tax and other policies based on Islamic ethics, demolition of Hindu temples, the executions of his elder brother Dara Shikoh, Maratha king Sambhaji and the ninth Sikh guru Tegh Bahadur, and the prohibition and supervision of behaviour and activities that are forbidden in Islam such as music, gambling, fornication, and consumption of alcohol and narcotic. Various historians question the historicity of the claims of his critics, arguing that his destruction of temples has been exaggerated, and noting that he also built temples, paid for their maintenance, employed significantly more Hindus in his imperial bureaucracy than his predecessors did, and opposed bigotry against Hindus and Shia Muslims.", "Q45208": "Jilin (\u5409\u6797; formerly romanized as Kirin or Chilin) is one of the three provinces of Northeast China. Its capital and largest city is Changchun. Jilin borders North Korea (Ras\u014fn, North Hamgyong, Ryanggang and Chagang) and Russia (Primorsky Krai) to the east, Heilongjiang to the north, Liaoning to the south, and Inner Mongolia to the west. The name \"Jilin\" translates to \"Auspicious Forest\" in Chinese, and originates from \u1864\u1873\u1875\u1873\u1828 () (girin ula,) a Manchu phrase meaning \"along the river\".\nThe Manchu people once inhabited the area of Jilin, thus making Jilin part of the historical region of Manchuria. The area had been heavily contested, successively falling under the rule of the non-Han states of Xiongnu, Xianbei state, Khitan Liao Dynasty, the Jurchen Jin Dynasty, and the Mongol Yuan dynasty. With the adoption of Han culture and the Chinese languages by the Manchu people, the Manchu language is considered a critically endangered language. Koreans comprise about 4% of the population, owing to its proximity to the Korean Peninsula. The majority of the province speaks Mandarin.\nAlong with the rest of Northeast China, Jilin underwent an early period of industrialization. However, Jilin's economy, characterized by heavy industry, has been facing economic difficulties with privatization. This prompted the central government to undertake a campaign called \"Revitalize the Northeast\". The region contains large deposits of oil shale.\n\n", "Q2558701": "The Social Democratic Workers' Party (Dutch: Sociaal-Democratische Arbeiderspartij, SDAP) was a Dutch socialist political party and a predecessor of the social democratic Labour Party.", "Q121012": "Joachim \"Jo\" Brauner (born November 29, 1937) is a German former news anchorman and journalist.\n\n", "Q73962": "Mohamed Azmin bin Ali (Jawi: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a; born 25 August 1964) is a Malaysian politician, who currently serves as a Senior Minister and the Minister of International Trade and Industry.\nHe served as the Minister of Economic Affairs from 2018 until 2020 and as the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Selangor from 2014 to 2018. He is the Member of Parliament for Gombak, as well as the assemblyman for Bukit Antarabangsa in the Selangor State Assembly. He was the founding member and the former deputy president of Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) before leaving the political party for Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia (Bersatu) in 2020. He is also the former president of the Football Association of Selangor (FAS).", "Q214777": "Lohja (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8lohj\u0251]; Swedish: Lojo) is a city and municipality in the Uusimaa region of Finland. The city has a population of 47,518 (2017), and it covers an area of 1,109.73 square kilometres (428.47 sq mi) of which 91.78 km2 (35.44 sq mi), or 8.3 percent, is water. The population density of Lohja is 132.42 inhabitants per square kilometre (343.0/sq mi). The municipality is bilingual, with the majority being Finnish and minority Swedish speakers. Lohja has the fourth-most summer houses of any municipality in Finland, with 8,468 located within the city as of June 2018. Lohja is located near Greater Helsinki, and it benefits from a good road network. It takes less than an hour to drive from Helsinki to Lohja on the E18 motorway.\nThe landscape of Lohja is characterized by manors and gardens. Its area is divided by the Lohja ridge, which forms a watershed for the largest lake system in Uusimaa, Lohjanj\u00e4rvi. The medieval Church of St. Lawrence is the architectural highlight of downtown Lohja, which also includes a heterogeneous mix of buildings mostly dating from the 1960s onwards. The Lohja library, which was opened in 2005, is a distinctly modern building placed in the very centre of the city.Lohja has been a focal point for the population and economy of western Uusimaa since the early 14th century. It was renowned as a trading centre in the Middle Ages. The local inhabitants were among the pioneers of the Finnish mining and construction material industries. Lohja has long-established traditions in horticulture and especially in market gardening. These traditions are represented by the symbols of present-day Lohja: limestone and an apple.During the Second World War, the Soviet Union heavily bombed the city, attempting to destroy the Tytyri limestone mine.", "Q35937": "Ashlynn Brooke is a former American pornographic actress, feature dancer, and model.", "Q96050": "Hans St\u00fcwe (14 May 1901 \u2013 13 May 1976) was a German film actor.", "Q544469": "Pierre Georges Henry (9 December 1927 \u2013 5 July 2017) (Griffiths 2017) was a French composer, considered a pioneer of musique concr\u00e8te (Williamson 2017).", "Q535290": "Marianne Mikko (born 26 September 1961) is an Estonian politician and former Member of the European Parliament and former Member of the Parliament of Estonia for the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists. Mikko was born in V\u00f5ru.", "Q737403": "Reggie Rockstone (Reginald Yaw Asante Ossei, \"the Godfather of Hiplife\") is a Ghanaian rapper . He was born in the United Kingdom but lived his early years in Ghana in Kumasi and Accra. He has been living in Ghana continuously since he pioneered the Hip-Life movement in 1994.He pioneered the Hiplife art form and has played an important role in the development of this uniquely African genre in Ghana's capital Accra. He raps in Akan Twi and English. In 2004, Rockstone won the Kora Award for the best African video and he performed in front of a 50,000-person crowd in Ghana, together with Shaggy. In 2006 he recorded a track with the Jamaican Dancehall singer Beenie Man called \"Chukku Chakka\" (in reference to Rockstone's 1999 hit \"Eye Mo De Anaa\", which sampled Fela Kuti).\nRockstone is the son of fashion designer Ricky \"Ricci\" Ossei (Saint Ossei). Reggie Rockstone attended Achimota School. Reggie joined Ghanaian hip hop group VVIP following the exit of Promzy in 2014.", "Q278849": "Arackaparambil Kurien Antony, better known as A. K. Antony (born 28 December 1940) is an Indian politician and attorney who was the 23rd Defence Minister of India and he was also the Chief Minister of Kerala. He is the current Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha, from the Kerala for the fifth consecutive term since 1985. He also currently serves as the Chairman of the Disciplinary Action Committee of the All India Congress Committee, Congress Working Committee, and member of the Central Election Committee.\nAntony previously served as Defence Minister, making him the person who served the longest in this post in India. He has also been three times as Chief Minister of the state of Kerala.", "Q237186": "Ana Ortiz (born January 25, 1971) is an American actress and singer. Having pursued a career in ballet and singing from a young age, she eventually attended University of the Arts. Ortiz began her acting career in theatre, in early 2000s starred in the short-lived NBC sitcoms Kristin (2001) and A.U.S.A. (2003), and had recurring roles on Over There and Boston Legal.\nOrtiz garnered widespread attention for her role as Hilda Suarez in the ABC comedy-drama series Ugly Betty from 2006 to 2010. She also appeared in such films like Labor Pains (2009) and Big Mommas: Like Father, Like Son (2011), and starred in Little Girl Lost: The Delimar Vera Story (2008). From 2013 to 2016, Ortiz starred as Marisol Suarez in the Lifetime television comedy-drama series Devious Maids, for which she received the Imagen Award for Best Actress - Television.", "Q1471199": "Polish People's Party \"Piast\" or Polish Peasant Party \"Piast\" (Polish: Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe \"Piast\", PSL Piast) was a political party from the interwar period of the Second Polish Republic (1913\u20131931). Piast refers to the medieval Piast dynasty, Poland's founding royal house.\nPSL Piast was an important political party in the Second Polish Republic. It was created in 1913 and, after Poland regained independence in 1918, it formed a part of several governments, most notably after the Lanckorona Pact and in the Chjeno-Piast coalition. In 1931 it formed the People's Party. Its major politicians included Wincenty Witos, Jakub Bojko, Jan D\u0105bski, Maciej Rataj and W\u0142adys\u0142aw Kiernik.", "Q227395": "Zsuzsanna Gahse (born 27 June 1946, Budapest) is a Hungarian-born German-language writer and translator who lives in Switzerland.", "Q323681": "The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia (formerly Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute) is one of the largest universities in Russia. Located in Saint Petersburg, it operates 20 faculties and more than 100 departments. Embroidered in its structure are the Institute of Pre-University Courses, the Institute of Continuous Professional Development, and the Pedagogical Research Center. The university is named after the Russian writer and philosopher Alexander Herzen.", "Q258541": "Hamid Al-Shaeri (Arabic: \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u064a\u200e; born Abdel-Hamid Ali Ahmed; 29 November 1961) is a Libyan-Egyptian singer, songwriter, and musician resident in Cairo. He is known as Egypt's leading representative of westernized synthesizer pop, or Arabic pop. His best known songs include \"Law laki\" (If Not for You), sung by Ali Hemeida, and \"Jaljili\", which he sang himself.\nOn 19 February 2011, Hamid el Shaeri condemned the actions of Muammar Gadaffi, his native country's ruler, against the Libyan people and issued a popular call the fellow Egyptians to aid them.\nHe has four children: two daughters, Nabila and Nora EL Shaeri, and two sons, Nadeem and Nouh El Shaeri.\n\n", "Q727": "Amsterdam (, UK also ; Dutch: [\u0251mst\u0259r\u02c8d\u0251m] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands with a population of 872,680 within the city proper, 1,380,872 in the urban area and 2,410,960 in the metropolitan area. Found within the province of North Holland, Amsterdam is colloquially referred to as the \"Venice of the North\", attributed by the large number of canals which form a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\nAmsterdam's name derives from Amstelredamme, indicative of the city's origin around a dam in the river Amstel. Originating as a small fishing village in the late 12th century, Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world in the Dutch Golden Age of the 17th century and became the leading centre for finance and trade. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the city expanded, and many new neighbourhoods and suburbs were planned and built. The 17th-century canals of Amsterdam and the 19\u201320th century Defence Line of Amsterdam are on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Sloten, annexed in 1921 by the municipality of Amsterdam, is the oldest part of the city, dating to the 9th century.\nAs the commercial capital of the Netherlands and one of the top financial centres in Europe, Amsterdam is considered an alpha-world city by the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) study group. The city is also the cultural capital of the Netherlands. Many large Dutch institutions have their headquarters there, including Philips, AkzoNobel, TomTom and ING. Also, many of the world's largest companies are based in Amsterdam or have established their European headquarters in the city, such as leading technology companies Uber, Netflix and Tesla. In 2012, Amsterdam was ranked the second best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) and 12th globally on quality of living for environment and infrastructure by Mercer. The city was ranked 4th place globally as top tech hub in the Savills Tech Cities 2019 report (2nd in Europe), and 3rd in innovation by Australian innovation agency 2thinknow in their Innovation Cities Index 2009. The Port of Amsterdam is the fifth largest in Europe. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands, and the third busiest in Europe. Famous Amsterdam residents include the diarist Anne Frank, artists Rembrandt and Van Gogh, and philosopher Baruch Spinoza.\nThe Amsterdam Stock Exchange is the oldest stock exchange in the world. Amsterdam's main attractions include its historic canals, the Rijksmuseum, the Van Gogh Museum, the Stedelijk Museum, Hermitage Amsterdam, the Concertgebouw, the Anne Frank House, the Scheepvaartmuseum, the Amsterdam Museum, the Heineken Experience, the Royal Palace of Amsterdam, Natura Artis Magistra, Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam, NEMO, the red-light district and many cannabis coffee shops. They draw more than 5 million international visitors annually. The city is also well known for its nightlife and festival activity; several of its nightclubs (Melkweg, Paradiso) are among the world's most famous. It is also one of the world's most multicultural cities, with at least 177 nationalities represented.", "Q353366": "Blackie Lawless (born Steven Edward Duren; September 4, 1956) is an American songwriter and musician best known as the lead singer and rhythm guitarist (formerly bassist) for the heavy metal band W.A.S.P.", "Q216148": "Hug\u00f3 Veigelsberg (2 November 1869, Pest \u2013 August 3, 1949, Budapest) was a noted Hungarian editor and writer who usually published under the pen name Ignotus (Latin for \"unknown\"). He was distinguished for the lyric individuality of his poems, stories, and sociological works. In addition to \"Ignotus\", he also wrote under the pseudonyms \"Dixi,\" \"Pat\u00f3 P\u00e1l,\" and \"Tar Lorincz\".\nHis works include A Slemil Keservei (1891), Versek (1894), Vallom\u00e1sok (1900), and V\u00e9gzet, a translation of a novel by the Dutch author Louis Couperus. He also founded the literary magazine Nyugat. His father was the journalist Le\u00f3 Veigelsberg, and his son P\u00e1l (Paul) Ignotus (1901\u20131978) was a journalist and writer who worked for the BBC during World War II.", "Q11671": "David Muldrow Beasley (born February 26, 1957) is an American politician who is the Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Programme. Beasley, a member of the Republican Party, served one term as the 113th Governor of South Carolina from 1995 until 1999; he was defeated by Democrat Jim Hodges in the 1998 election.\nBeasley, a native of Lamar, South Carolina, began his political career as a member of the Democratic Party, but switched to the Republican Party in September 1991, three years before his election as governor. His first run for public office came in 1978, when, as a 21-year-old junior attending Clemson University, he unexpectedly won a seat in the South Carolina House of Representatives. He later graduated from the University of South Carolina and the University of South Carolina School of Law. On March 20, 2020 he tested positive for the COVID-19 virus.", "Q529849": "Steven Berkoff (born Leslie Steven Berks; born 3 August 1937) is a British actor, author, playwright, practitioner, and theatre director. As a film actor, he is best known for his performances in villainous roles, including the portrayals of Lt. Col Podovsky in Rambo: First Blood Part II, General Orlov in the James Bond film Octopussy, Victor Maitland in Beverly Hills Cop, and Adolf Hitler in the TV mini-series War and Remembrance.", "Q40358": "The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity. It is the world's largest general scientific society, with over 120,000 members, and is the publisher of the well-known scientific journal Science.", "Q182785": "Geoffroy du Breuil of Vigeois was a 12th-century French chronicler, trained at the Benedictine abbey of Saint-Martial of Limoges, the site of a great early library. Geoffroy became abbot at Vigeois (1170\u20131184) where he composed his Chroniques which trace in detail some great local families (often Geoffroy's forebears and kin) while relating events happening from 994 to 1184: the fiery convulsive sickness, actually Ergotism from a fungus or ergot of wheat, the preparations for the First Crusade, reports of combats in the Holy Land, the spread of Cathar beliefs (writing in 1181, he was the first to use the term \"Albigensians\"), all the while unconsciously revealing the preoccupations and manners of the times.", "Q971701": "Mustis is the pseudonym of \u00d8yvind Johan Mustaparta (born 10 September 1979), a Norwegian keyboardist best known for his work in the symphonic black metal band Dimmu Borgir, as well as the black/thrash metal band Susperia. Mustis joined Dimmu Borgir in 1998 and has contributed to the further progression of their ambient, atmospherical, symphonic sound. This can be heard in songs such as \"Progenies of the Great Apocalypse,\" which he composed, on their 2003 album, Death Cult Armageddon. His other studio work with Dimmu Borgir includes Spiritual Black Dimensions (1999), Puritanical Euphoric Misanthropia (2001), the re-release of Stormbl\u00e5st (2005) and In Sorte Diaboli (2007). Mustis departed the band in 2009 and issued a statement in which he implied that he was being kept out of the proper registration for music he was writing. Due to this, according to his statement, he was fired by text message and he will be allowing \"the resolution come from the lawyers instead of dealing with more dishonesty and lies on a one-on-one personal level.\"Mustis' surname Mustaparta comes from Finnish language. Literally translated, it means \"black beard.\"\nOn 29 November 2010 Mustis posted the following statement on his Facebook fan page. \"As you all can see I have no control over this site yet, but will try to get it soon as possible. If not..keep your eyes open for a new one. And thanks everyone for all the nice words in here.\nAs you can see I decided to join my friends of Susperia where my first performance will be early next year. More info to come. In the... meantime you can always use google translate. \n-Mustis\"", "Q3776989": "The Cementerio Presb\u00edtero Mat\u00edas Maestro is a cemetery in Lima, the capital city of Peru. It is also a museum, though attempts to make it a museum exclusively have failed. The architectural styles of the mausoleums found within are broad ranging. It houses the remains of several important political, military and literary figures. Most prominent of all the mausoleums is the Pante\u00f3n de los Pr\u00f3ceres where heroes of the War of the Pacific (1879\u20131884) are buried. The mausoleum's entrance reads \"La Naci\u00f3n a sus Defensores\" (Meaning \"The Nation, to its Defenders\").", "Q253414": "The F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA FEE-f\u0259; French for 'International Federation of Association Football'; Spanish: Federaci\u00f3n Internacional\nde F\u00fatbol Asociaci\u00f3n; German: Internationaler Verband des Association Football) is a non-profit organization which describes itself as an international governing body of association football, f\u00fatsal, beach soccer, and efootball. It is the highest governing body of football.\nFIFA was founded in 1904 to oversee international competition among the national associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. Headquartered in Z\u00fcrich, its membership now comprises 211 national associations. Member countries must each also be members of one of the six regional confederations into which the world is divided: Africa, Asia, Europe, North & Central America and the Caribbean, Oceania, and South America.\nToday, FIFA outlines a number of objectives in the organizational Statues, including growing football internationally, providing efforts to ensure football is accessible to everyone, and advocating for integrity and fair play. FIFA is responsible for the organization and promotion of football's major international tournaments, notably the World Cup which commenced in 1930 and the Women's World Cup which commenced in 1991. Although FIFA does not solely set the rules of football, that being the responsibility of the International Football Association Board of which FIFA is a member, it applies and enforces the rules across all FIFA competitions. All FIFA tournaments generate revenue from sponsorship; in 2018, FIFA had revenues of over US $4.6 billion, ending the 2015\u20132018 cycle with a net positive of US$1.2 billion, and had cash reserves of over US$2.7 billion.Reports by investigative journalists have linked FIFA leadership with corruption, bribery, and vote-rigging related to the election of FIFA president Sepp Blatter and the organization's decision to award the 2018 and 2022 World Cups to Russia and Qatar, respectively. These allegations led to the indictments of nine high-ranking FIFA officials and five corporate executives by the U.S. Department of Justice on charges including racketeering, wire fraud, and money laundering. On 27 May 2015, several of these officials were arrested by Swiss authorities, who were launching a simultaneous but separate criminal investigation into how the organization awarded the 2018 and 2022 World Cups. Those among these officials who were also indicted in the U.S. are expected to be extradited to face charges there as well. Many officials were suspended by FIFA's ethics committee including Sepp Blatter and Michel Platini. In early 2017 reports became public about FIFA president Gianni Infantino attempting to prevent the re-elections of both chairmen of the ethics committee, Cornel Borb\u00e9ly and Hans-Joachim Eckert, during the FIFA congress in May 2017. On 9 May 2017, following Infantino's proposal, FIFA Council decided not to renew the mandates of Borb\u00e9ly and Eckert. Together with the chairmen, 11 of 13 committee members were removed.", "Q53442": "Boles\u0142aw IV the Curly (also known as Boleslaus IV the Curly, Polish: Boles\u0142aw K\u0119dzierzawy) (ca. 1125 \u2013 5 January 1173) of the Piast dynasty was Duke of Masovia from 1138 and High Duke of Poland from 1146 until his death.\nHe was the third son of Duke Boles\u0142aw III Wrymouth of Poland by his second wife Salomea, daughter of the Swabian count Henry of Berg. The death of his older brothers, Leszek and Casimir, before 1131 and in October 1131, respectively, left him as the eldest son of their parents.\n\n", "Q431974": "For the Salvadoran writer, see Claudia Hern\u00e1ndez Gonz\u00e1lez. For the 24 character, see minor characters in 24.Claudia Mar\u00eda Hern\u00e1ndez Or\u00e9 (born 1981) is a Peruvian TV Host, model and beauty queen. She was born in Lima. She studied Business Administration at the Peruvian University of Applied Sciences and studied Marketing at Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola. She won the Miss Peru Mundo 2003 contest and participated in Reinado Internacional de las Flores 2003 beauty contest where she because the first queen. She was one of the 20 semi-finalists in the Miss World 2003 contest, where she won best gown (Best Dress Designer Award).\nIn entertainment, she co-hosted a Peruvian television show based on a singing talent contest format, called Camino a la fama on the ATV Channel. She also co-hosted the 2006 Miss Peru Mundo contest.\nDuring 2006 and 2009 she worked as a Press TV Host in Panamericana Television in a program called Reportajes. Also in the same year she co-host the press space 24 Horas Sabatino with great success. Now Claudia has become one of the TV hosts with more potential to succeed in Per\u00fa. Now many fans are waiting to see her in a new channel or in a new space in the Peruvian television.\nHern\u00e1ndez is also a businesswoman, and owns a Peruvian NGO called Identidad y Valores Per\u00fa for the promotion of the Peruvian image abroad. And also she is the owner of Castor Media, an agency of marketing and communications.", "Q15417": "Thore Christian Elias Fries (3 November 1886 \u2013 31 December 1930 son of Theodor Magnus Fries and brother of Robert Elias Fries) was Professor of Systematic Botany at Lund University. He specialized in lichenology and plant geography. This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation T.C.E.Fr. when citing a botanical name. He did his field work and travelled in India and Africa He was a member of the British Mycological Society and associated with many botanical gardens and other museums.", "Q823053": "Bernardo Verbitsky (22 November 1907 \u2013 15 March 1979) was an Argentine writer and journalist.", "Q235949": "Despina Vandi (Greek: \u0394\u03ad\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u0392\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03ae, pronounced [\u02cc\u00f0espina van\u02c8\u00f0i]), born as Despina Malea (\u0394\u03ad\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1) on 22 July 1969, is a Greek singer. Born in T\u00fcbingen near Stuttgart, Germany, Vandi's family returned to Kavala, Greece when she was six years old.\nAfter moving to Athens in the early 1990s, Vandi signed with Minos EMI and released two albums Gela Mou (1994) and Esena Perimeno (1996). She then began an exclusive collaboration with songwriter/producer Phoebus and struck commercial success with her third album, Deka Endoles (1997), followed by the multi-platinum Profities (1999), as she established a more \"pop\" stage performance style and image, becoming one of the most prominent portrayers of the la\u00efko/pop genre.Her single \"Ipofero\" (2000) became the best-selling single of all-time in Greece. Following Phoebus' departure from Minos EMI, Vandi followed him to the newly formed independent label Heaven Music and released Gia (2001), which became and remains her biggest commercial success, as well as one of the best-selling albums of all time in Greece and Cyprus. Vandi also released the album abroad and the self-titled single \"Gia\", topping the US Billboard Hot Dance Airplay and making her the first Greek artist to top a Billboard chart. She returned with Stin Avli Tou Paradeisou (2004), which was certified multi-platinum and became her fourth album to achieve six-figure sales. In 2007 10 Hronia Mazi, a ten-year celebration of her collaboration with Phoebus was released, followed by her eighth studio album C'est La Vie. In 2012 she released the album Allaxa, which was certified 2x platinum sales and has been her first double platinum record since 2005.Vandi has won three Arion Music Awards, ten MAD Video Music Awards, seven Pop Corn Music Awards, and a World Music Award, becoming the first Greek artist recording in Greece to ever win the award. On 14 March 2010, Alpha TV ranked Vandi the fourth top-certified Greek female artist in the nation's phonographic era (since 1960), with 11 records having been certified platinum or multi-platinum and three gold by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry of Greece. According to Heaven Music, as of 2007, Vandi has sold one million records in Greece. In the aftermath of her success, Vandi gained the title of the \"queen\" of Greek music.In the years 2013\u20132015 Vandi was one of the four artists/coaches participating in the Greek version of The Voice called The Voice of Greece. And she was one of the four artists/coaches in Rising Star in 2016.", "Q170513": "Taganrog (Russian: \u0422\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0440\u043e\u0433, IPA: [t\u0259\u0261\u0250n\u02c8rok]) is a port city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, on the north shore of the Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov, several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 257,681.", "Q89158": "Alfred Eduard Frauenfeld (18 May 1898 in Vienna \u2013 10 May 1977 in Hamburg) was an Austrian Nazi leader. An engineer by occupation, he was associated with the pro-Nazi Germany wing of Austrian Nazism.", "Q307737": "\u00d6zcan Deniz (born 19 May 1972) is a Turkish actor, singer, composer, writer and director.", "Q203223": "Ciara Princess Harris-Wilson ( see-ERR-\u0259; born October 25, 1985) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and model. Born in Austin, Texas, she traveled around the world during her childhood, eventually moving to Atlanta, Georgia where she joined the girl group Hearsay. She later signed a publishing deal, and befriended producer Jazze Pha, who recorded demos that would appear on her debut album. With his help, Ciara signed a record deal with LaFace Records.\nIn 2004, Ciara released her debut studio album Goodies, which spawned four singles: \"Goodies\", \"1, 2 Step\", \"Oh\" and \"And I\". \"Goodies\" topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The album was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and garnered four nominations at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards. Ciara was also featured on Missy Elliott's \"Lose Control\" and Bow Wow's \"Like You\", both of which reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2006, Ciara released her second studio album, Ciara: The Evolution, which spawned the hit singles \"Get Up\", \"Promise\", \"Like a Boy\" and \"Can't Leave 'em Alone\". The album reached number one in the U.S. and was certified platinum.\nCiara's third studio album, Fantasy Ride (2009) was less successful than her first two albums. However, it produced the international top-ten single \"Love Sex Magic\", featuring Justin Timberlake, which received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. The following year, Ciara released her fourth studio album Basic Instinct, which included the R&B top-five single \"Ride\", but was met with low sales, continuing a downward trend in her commercial performance. Ciara signed a new record deal with Epic Records in 2011. In 2013, she released her fifth studio album, Ciara, which spawned the R&B top-ten single \"Body Party\". Her sixth album, Jackie (2015), included the singles \"I Bet\" and \"Dance like We're Making Love\".\nIn 2006, Ciara made her film debut in All You've Got, and later appeared in the films Mama, I Want to Sing! (2012) and That's My Boy (2012). In 2013, she had a recurring role in the US TV series, The Game. In 2016, Ciara signed a signed a modeling contract with IMG. That year, she became a Global Brand Ambassador for the cosmetics giant Revlon. Since making her musical debut in 2004, Ciara has attained eight Billboard Hot 100 top-ten singles. She has also received many awards, including three BET Awards, three MTV Video Music Awards, three MOBO Awards, and one Grammy Award. As of 2015, Ciara has sold over 23 million records worldwide. In 2016, she married quarterback Russell Wilson.", "Q1268693": "Gene Williams (n\u00e9 Eugene Francis Williams; 26 February 1926 East Orange, New Jersey \u2013 12 February 1997 Wilton Manors, Florida) was an American jazz vocalist (baritone voice) and bandleader.", "Q42229": "Mel Colmcille Gerard Gibson (born January 3, 1956) is an American actor and filmmaker. He is best known for his action hero roles, particularly his breakout role as Max Rockatansky in the first three films of the post-apocalyptic action series Mad Max and as Martin Riggs in the buddy cop film series Lethal Weapon.\nBorn in Peekskill, New York, Gibson moved with his parents to Sydney, Australia, when he was 12 years old. He studied acting at the National Institute of Dramatic Art, where he starred opposite Judy Davis in a production of Romeo and Juliet. During the 1980s, he founded Icon Entertainment, a production company, which independent film director Atom Egoyan has called \"an alternative to the studio system\". Director Peter Weir cast him as one of the leads in the World War I drama Gallipoli (1981), which earned Gibson a Best Actor Award from the Australian Film Institute, as well as a reputation as a serious, versatile actor.\nIn 1995, Gibson produced, directed, and starred in Braveheart, a historical epic, for which he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, the Academy Award for Best Director, and the Academy Award for Best Picture. He later directed and produced The Passion of the Christ, a biblical drama that was both financially successful and highly controversial. He received further critical notice for his directorial work of the action-adventure film Apocalypto (2006), which is set in Mesoamerica during the early 16th century.\nAfter several legal issues and controversial statements leaked to the public, Gibson's public image plummeted significantly, affecting his careers in acting and directing. His career began seeing resurgence with his performance in Jodie Foster's The Beaver (2011), and his directorial comeback after an absence of 10 years, Hacksaw Ridge (2016), which won two Academy Awards and was nominated for another four, including Best Picture and Best Director for Gibson, his second nomination in the category.", "Q203545": "Sir Michael John Gambon (born 19 October 1940) is a British\u2013Irish actor who has worked in theatre, television, and film. He is also known as The Great Gambon as dubbed by actor Ralph Richardson. He was trained under Laurence Olivier and started his long work on stage in the National Theatre. He received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Play for his work in David Hare\u2019s Skylight on Broadway. Gambon retired from stage acting in 2015 due to memory loss.\nGambon is most famous for portraying Professor Albus Dumbledore in the Harry Potter film series, starting in the 3rd film after the death of original actor Richard Harris. His other films include, The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover (1989), The Wings of the Dove (1997), Gosford Park (2001), Amazing Grace (2006), The King's Speech (2010), and Quartet (2012). Gambon has appeared in various television projects including, The Singing Detective (1986), Wives and Daughters (1999), Path to War (2002), Cranford (2007), Emma (2009), The Casual Vacancy (2015), Churchill's Secret (2016), The Hollow Crown (2016), and Little Women (2017).\nHe was Knighted in 1998 for services to drama, and has won four BAFTA TV Awards, three Olivier Awards and was awarded the Irish Film & Television Academy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2017 for his contribution to Irish film.", "Q214039": "The Beastie Boys were an American hip hop group from New York City formed in 1978. For the majority of its existence, the group was composed of Michael \"Mike D\" Diamond (vocals, drums), Adam \"MCA\" Yauch (vocals, bass) and Adam \"Ad-Rock\" Horovitz (vocals, guitar, programming).\nThe Beastie Boys were formed as a four-piece experimental hardcore punk band, the Young Aborigines, in 1978 by Mike D (vocals), Jeremy Shatan (bass), John Berry (guitar) and Kate Schellenbach (drums). When Shatan left the Young Aborigines in 1981, Adam Yauch replaced him on bass and the band changed their name to the Beastie Boys. Berry left shortly thereafter and was replaced by Horovitz. After achieving local success with the 1983 experimental hip hop single \"Cooky Puss\", the Beastie Boys made a full transition to hip hop, and Schellenbach left the group soon after. They toured with Madonna in 1985 and a year later released their debut album Licensed to Ill, which is notable for being the first rap record to top the Billboard 200 chart. The group had since released seven more albums: Paul's Boutique (1989), Check Your Head (1992), Ill Communication (1994), Hello Nasty (1998), To the 5 Boroughs (2004), The Mix-Up (2007), and Hot Sauce Committee Part Two (2011).\nThe Beastie Boys have sold 20 million records in the United States, making them the biggest-selling rap group since Billboard began recording sales in 1991. With seven platinum-selling albums from 1986 to 2004, the Beastie Boys were one of the longest-lived hip hop acts worldwide. In 2012, they became the third rap group to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In the same year, MCA died of cancer. In 2014, Mike D confirmed that the Beastie Boys had disbanded.", "Q65696": "Hunzenschwil is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q202883": "A veterinarian (vet), also known as a veterinary surgeon or veterinary physician, is a professional who practices veterinary medicine by treating diseases, disorders, and injuries in non-human animals.", "Q1551": "Altstadt (German: [\u02c8alt.\u0283tat] (listen), literally: \"Old town\"), more precisely Hamburg-Altstadt \u2013 as not to be mistaken with Hamburg-Altona-Altstadt \u2013 is one of the inner-city districts of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany.", "Q45546": "William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 \u2013 23 April 1850) was an English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication Lyrical Ballads (1798).\nWordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude, a semi-autobiographical poem of his early years that he revised and expanded a number of times. It was posthumously titled and published by his wife in the year of his death, before which it was generally known as \"the poem to Coleridge\".Wordsworth was Britain's poet laureate from 1843 until his death from pleurisy on 23 April 1850.", "Untitled2": "{\n \"cells\": [],\n \"metadata\": {},\n \"nbformat\": 4,\n \"nbformat_minor\": 4\n}\n", "Q120442": "Marie Amelie Julie Anna, Baroness von Godin (March 7, 1882 to 22 February 1956), sometimes written as Maria Amalia, was a Bavarian women's rights activist, translator and Albanologist.\n\n", "Q7120": "Aesch is a municipality in the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q7101513": "Oryol State University or Turgenev State University of Oryol, officially Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev (OSU; Russian: \u041e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0418.\u0421. \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430, Orlovskiy gosudarstvenniy universitet imeni I.S. Turgeneva; often abbreviated \u041e\u0413\u0423, OGU), formerly Oryol State Pedagogical Institute, is a university in Central Federal district of Russia in the city Oryol (or Orel) which is the Administrative centre of Oryol Oblast (or Orel region). OSU opened in 1931 as Industrial-Pedagogical Institute. Today OSU is a member of Association of the Classical Universities of Russia.", "Q631066": "Clemson University ([note a]) is a public, land-grant research university in Clemson, South Carolina. Founded in 1889, Clemson is the second-largest university in student population in South Carolina. For the fall 2017 semester, the university enrolled a total of 19,402 undergraduate students and 4,985 graduate students, and the student/faculty ratio was 18:1. Clemson's 1,400-acre campus is in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains and sits next to Lake Hartwell. The university manages the nearby 17,500-acre Clemson Experimental Forest that is used for research, education, and recreation.\nClemson University consists of seven colleges: Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences; Architecture, Arts and Humanities; Business; Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences; Education; Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences; and Science. U.S. News & World Report ranks Clemson University tied for 24 among all national public universities. Clemson University is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity.\"", "Q1718197": "K.R.H. Sonderborg (1923\u20132008) was a contemporary new media artist and musician.\nHe was born in S\u00f8nderborg/Als, Denmark. Starting in 1953, he became a member of the group Zen 49, and studied at the Atelier 17 in St. W. Hayter in Paris. In the years spent time working in London, New York City, Tokyo, Chicago, Cornwall, Ascona, Rome and Paris.\nIn 1951 the artist Kurt Rudolf Hoffmann called himself K.R.H. Sonderborg, after the town he was born in.\nSonderborg went to school in Hamburg and completed a merchant's apprenticeship in 1939. He became a private student of the painter Ewald Becker-Carus in Hamburg in 1946. From 1947 to 1949 he studied painting, graphic art and textile design at the State Art School in Hamburg under Willem Grimm and Maria May. In 1953 he joined the artists group ZEN 49. He went to Paris the same year where he received training in engraving from Stanley William Hayter in the Atelier 17. Paris is also the place where he first encounters Tachism. In the following the artist goes on longer journeys and works for some time in London, Cornwall, New York, Ascona, Rome and Paris again. In New York K.R.H. Sonderborg comes into contact with Action Painting.\nHis own style is becoming abstract, painting in swift broads strokes, that reveal the painting process, with spontaneous color application. Black and white contrasts are an important feature, later he adds colors such as cadmium red.\nK.R.H. Sonderborg takes part in the 1958 Biennale in Venice. He is awarded the Prize for Graphic Art at the Biennale in Tokyo in 1960 as well as the Great International Prize for Drawing at the 1963 Biennale in S\u00e3o Paulo. The artist shows works at the documenta in Kassel in both 1959 and 1964. From 1965 to 1990 he holds a post as professor for painting at the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart. In 1969/70 he is guest lecturer at the Minneapolis College of Art and Design, as well as at the Art Institute of Chicago in 1986.\nAlong with artists such as Karl Otto G\u00f6tz, Bernhard Schulze, K.R.H. Sonderborg belongs to the most important and most impressive representatives of German Informal Art.\nK.R.H. Sonderborg died in Hamburg on 18 February 2008, aged 84.\n\n", "Q16950433": "Comedy thrillers are a cross-genre that draw subject matter generally from comedy and thrillers. They often include a darker tone, relative to other genres, of humor.\nExamples of comedy thrillers in films, plays and novels are Family Plot, Charade, The Thin Man, The Lady Vanishes, In Bruges, Silver Streak, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, No Way to Treat a Lady, Kiss Kiss Bang Bang, Kshana Kshanam, The Big Fix, Lucky Number Slevin, Deathtrap, The Ladykillers, Hopscotch, Welcome to Collinwood, The King of Comedy and A Simple Favor.", "Q60": "New York City (NYC), often called the City of New York or simply New York (NY), is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over about 302.6 square miles (784 km2), New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass. With almost 20 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and approximately 23 million in its combined statistical area, it is one of the world's most populous megacities. New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, significantly influencing commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, art, fashion, and sports. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City is composed of five boroughs, each of which is a county of the State of New York. The five boroughs\u2013Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island\u2013were consolidated into a single city in 1898. The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. New York is home to more than 3.2 million residents born outside the United States, the largest foreign-born population of any city in the world as of 2016. As of 2019, the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of $2.0 trillion. If greater New York City were a sovereign state, it would have the 12th highest GDP in the world. New York is home to the highest number of billionaires of any city in the world.\nNew York City traces its origins to a trading post founded by colonists from the Dutch Republic in 1624 on Lower Manhattan; the post was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. New York was the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790, and has been the largest U.S. city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the U.S. by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the U.S. and its ideals of liberty and peace. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship and environmental sustainability, and as a symbol of freedom and cultural diversity. In 2019, New York was voted the greatest city in the world per a survey of over 30,000 people from 48 cities worldwide, citing its cultural diversity.Many districts and landmarks in New York City are well known, including three of the world's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013. A record 62.8 million tourists visited New York City in 2017. Times Square is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District, one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections, and a major center of the world's entertainment industry. Many of the city's landmarks, skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattan's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world. New York is home to the largest ethnic Chinese population outside of Asia, with multiple distinct Chinatowns across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service and contributing to the nickname The City that Never Sleeps, the New York City Subway is the largest single-operator rapid transit system worldwide, with 472 rail stations. The city has over 120 colleges and universities, including Columbia University, New York University, Rockefeller University, and the City University of New York system, which is the largest urban public university system in the United States. Manhattan is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, namely the New York Stock Exchange, located on Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, and NASDAQ, headquartered in Midtown Manhattan.", "Q455558": "Martina Cole (born Eilidh Martina Cole, on 30 March 1959) is a British crime writer, businesswoman and occasional television presenter.Cole was brought up in Aveley, Essex. As of 2015 she has released twenty-two novels about crime, most of which examine London's gangster underworld. Four of her novels, Dangerous Lady, The Jump, The Take and The Runaway have been adapted into high-rating television dramas. She has achieved sales of over fourteen million in the UK alone and her tenth novel, The Know, spent seven weeks on The Sunday Times hardback best-sellers list.", "Q228918": "Gloria Gaynor (born September 7, 1943) is an American singer, best known for the disco era hits \"I Will Survive\" (Hot 100 number 1, 1979), \"Never Can Say Goodbye\" (Hot 100 number 9, 1974), \"Let Me Know (I Have a Right)\" (Hot 100 number 42, 1980) and \"I Am What I Am\" (R&B number 82, 1983).\n\n", "Q549603": "Israel Shamir (Russian: \u0418\u0441\u0440\u0430\u044d\u043b\u044c \u0428\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440, [j\u026asr\u0250\u02c8\u025bl\u02b2 \u0282\u0250\u02c8m\u02b2ir]; born 1947 or 1948), also known by the names Robert David, Vassili Krasevsky, J\u00f6ran Jermas and Adam Ermash, is a Swedish writer and journalist, known for promoting antisemitism and Holocaust denial.Shamir has published or self-published a number of his books; his book Flowers of Galilee (2004) was banned for a time in France over allegations it was inciting racial hatred and antisemitism.", "Q143867": "Siegfried Helferich Richard Wagner (6 June 1869 \u2013 4 August 1930) was a German composer and conductor, the son of Richard Wagner. He was an opera composer and the artistic director of the Bayreuth Festival from 1908 to 1930.", "Q186285": "The University of Copenhagen (UCPH) (Danish: K\u00f8benhavns Universitet) is the oldest university and research institution in Denmark. Founded in 1479 as a studium generale, it is the second oldest institution for higher education in Scandinavia after Uppsala University (1477). The university today is state-funded, and has 23,473 undergraduate students, 17,398 postgraduate students, 2,968 doctoral students and over 9,000 employees. The university has four campuses located in and around Copenhagen, with the headquarters located in central Copenhagen. Most courses are taught in Danish; however, many courses are also offered in English and a few in German. The university has several thousands of foreign students, about half of whom come from Nordic countries.\nThe university is a member of the International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU), along with University of Cambridge, Yale University, The Australian National University, and UC Berkeley, amongst others, and of the League of European Research Universities (LERU). The 2019 Academic Ranking of World Universities ranks the University of Copenhagen as the best university in Scandinavia and 26th in the world, the 2020 U.S. News & World Report ranks it as 7th in Europe and 32nd in the World, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings as 101st in the world, and the 2016\u20132017 QS World University Rankings as 68th in the world. As of October 2019, the university has had 39 Nobel laureates affiliated as alumni, faculty members and researchers, and has produced one Turing Award recipient.", "Q1296559": "Pietro Ferrero (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8pj\u025b\u02d0tro fer\u02c8r\u025b\u02d0ro]; 2 September 1898 \u2013 2 March 1949) was the founder of Ferrero SpA, an Italian confectionery and chocolatier company. His company invented Nutella, a hazelnut-cream spread, which is now sold in over 160 countries. The famous Ferrero Rochers are also made by his company, Ferrero, as were Tic-Tacs and various Kinder chocolates.", "Q388204": "Robert Lewis Glenister (born 11 March 1960 in Watford, Hertfordshire) is a British actor known for his roles as con man Ash \"Three Socks\" Morgan in the BBC television series Hustle and Nicholas Blake in the BBC spy drama Spooks.", "Q18655": "Stockport is a large, major town in Greater Manchester, England, 7 miles (11 km) south-east of Manchester city centre, where the River Goyt and Tame merge to create the River Mersey. It is the largest town in the metropolitan borough of the same name.\nHistorically, most of the town was in Cheshire, but the area to the north of the Mersey was in Lancashire. Stockport in the 16th century was a small town entirely on the south bank of the Mersey, known for the cultivation of hemp and manufacture of rope. In the 18th century, the town had one of the first mechanised silk factories in the British Isles. However, Stockport's predominant industries of the 19th century were the cotton and allied industries. Stockport was also at the centre of the country's hatting industry, which by 1884 was exporting more than six million hats a year; the last hat works in Stockport closed in 1997.\nDominating the western approaches to the town is the Stockport Viaduct. Built in 1840, the viaduct's 27 brick arches carry the mainline railways from Manchester to Birmingham and London over the River Mersey. This structure featured as the background in many paintings by L. S. Lowry.", "Q102185": "Johann Wittenborg (1321\u20131363) was a merchant and mayor of the free port of L\u00fcbeck in what is now north Germany. He was admiral of the Hanseatic fleet at the Battle of Helsingborg and was tried and beheaded after losing this battle.\n\nAs Mayor of L\u00fcbeck and the free port's representative in the Hanseatic League, Wittenborg was made supreme commander over the Hanseatic fleet in the war with King Waldemar IV of Denmark in 1362. The fleet met the Danish fleet off Helsinborg in the \u00d8resund strait and lost 12 ships in the ensuing action, at least partly because Wittenborg had put too many of his sailors ashore to fight the Danes on land. On his return to L\u00fcbeck Wittenborg was relieved of his duties and imprisoned.\nBrought before the Hanseatic Council in January 1363, he was condemned to death for the \u00d8resund defeat and \"other reasons\". He was beheaded in L\u00fcbeck market place in August or September 1363 and buried with the Dominicans of the L\u00fcbeck Castle Monastery.\nHe had married Elizabeth, daughter of the L\u00fcbeck Governor Arnold von Bardewik, and had six or seven children.", "Q191921": "Zero Effect is a 1998 mystery comedy film written and directed by Jake Kasdan. It stars Bill Pullman as \"the world's most private detective\", Daryl Zero, and Ben Stiller as his assistant Steve Arlo. Its plot is loosely based on the Arthur Conan Doyle short story \"A Scandal in Bohemia\".\nThe film was shot in Portland, Oregon. It was scored by The Greyboy Allstars. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q105826": "Hans Wilhelm Alexander Graf von Kanitz-Podangen (17 April 1841 \u2013 30 June 1913) was a German politician and Junker.Kanitz was born in Mednicken, East Prussia (Drushnoye, Kaliningrad Oblast). In 1894 he proposed the Kanitz Plan: an import monopoly for grain, whereby all grain imports would be made on the government's account and resold on the home market at a price calculated from the average price of the last 40 years. If import prices were below this level, the profits would go into a reserve fund that would be used to subsidise imports when the price rose above the average. As grain prices at that time were lower than they had been for most of the previous 40 years, the effect of the Kanitz Plan would been considerable price rises.The Chancellors Leo von Caprivi and Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsf\u00fcrst both opposed the scheme, with the latter condemning it as a dangerous step to socialism. August Bebel, the Chairman of the Social Democrats, replied that a policy to make one class wealthier at the nation's expense, especially at the expense of the working class, was anything but social.The Kanitz Plan was adopted in modified form by the Nazis and by the Federal Republic.", "Q315441": "Ralph Bakshi (born October 29, 1938) is an American director of animated and live-action films. In the 1970s, he established an alternative to mainstream animation through independent and adult-oriented productions. Between 1972 and 2015, he directed ten theatrically released feature films, six of which he wrote. He has been involved in numerous television projects as director, writer, producer and animator.\nBeginning his career at the Terrytoons television cartoon studio as a cel polisher, Bakshi was eventually promoted to animator, and then director. He moved to the animation division of Paramount Pictures in 1967 and started his own studio, Bakshi Productions, in 1968. Through producer Steve Krantz, Bakshi made his debut feature film, Fritz the Cat, released in 1972. It was the first animated film to receive an X rating from the Motion Picture Association of America, and the most successful independent animated feature of all time.\nOver the next eleven years, Bakshi directed seven additional animated features. He is well known for such films as Wizards (1977), The Lord of the Rings (1978), American Pop (1981) and Fire and Ice (1983). In 1987, Bakshi returned to television work, producing the series Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures, which ran for two years. After a nine-year hiatus from feature films, he directed Cool World (1992), which was largely rewritten during production and received poor reviews. Bakshi returned to television with the live-action film Cool and the Crazy (1994) and the anthology series Spicy City (1997).\nDuring the 2000s, he focused largely on fine art and painting and in 2003 co-founded The Bakshi School of Animation with his son Eddie and Jess Gorell. Bakshi has received several awards for his work, including the 1980 Golden Gryphon for The Lord of the Rings at the Giffoni Film Festival, the 1988 Annie Award for Distinguished Contribution to the Art of Animation, and the 2003 Maverick Tribute Award at the Cinequest Film Festival.", "Q766880": "David McClure Brinkley (July 10, 1920 \u2013 June 11, 2003) was an American newscaster for NBC and ABC in a career lasting from 1943 to 1997.\nFrom 1956 through 1970, he co-anchored NBC's top-rated nightly news program, The Huntley\u2013Brinkley Report, with Chet Huntley and thereafter appeared as co-anchor or commentator on its successor, NBC Nightly News, through the 1970s. In the 1980s and 1990s, Brinkley was host of the popular Sunday This Week with David Brinkley program and a top commentator on election-night coverage for ABC News. Over the course of his career, Brinkley received ten Emmy Awards, three George Foster Peabody Awards, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom.He wrote three books, including the 1988 bestseller Washington Goes to War, about how World War II transformed the nation's capital. His books were largely based on his own observations as a young reporter in the city.", "Q271879": "Marion Lorne MacDougal or MacDougall (sources differ) (August 12, 1883 \u2013 May 9, 1968), known professionally as Marion Lorne, was an American actress of stage, film, and television. After a career in theatre in New York and London, Lorne made her first film in 1951, and for the remainder of her life played small roles in films and television. Her recurring role as Aunt Clara in the comedy series Bewitched, between 1964 and her death in 1968, brought her widespread recognition, and she was posthumously awarded an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.", "Q67095": "Jeremias Drexel S.J. (also known as Hieremias Drexelius or Drechsel) (August 15, 1581 \u2013 19 April 1638) was a Jesuit writer of devotional literature and a professor of the humanities and rhetoric. He served for 23 years as court preacher in Munich to Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria and his wife Elizabeth of Lorraine.", "Q506100": "Andrew Marc Weiner is an American electrical engineer, educator and researcher known for contributions to the fields of ultrafast optics and optical signal processing. He is the Scifres Family Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University.", "Q540155": "Friedebert Tuglas, born Friedebert Mihkelson or Michelson (2 March 1886, Ahja \u2013 15 April 1971, Tallinn) was an Estonian writer and critic who introduced Impressionism and Symbolism to Estonian literature. Persecuted by the authorities in the beginning of 20th century, he later became an acknowledged representative of Estonian literature in the Soviet era.", "Q4068793": "Dennis Lynn Heck (born July 29, 1952) is an American politician who has been the United States Representative for Washington's 10th congressional district since 2013. The district is based in the state capital of Olympia, and also includes much of eastern Tacoma.\nHeck was previously the Democratic nominee for U.S. Representative for the 3rd district in 2010, but was defeated by Jaime Herrera Beutler, a Republican. In 2012 Heck ran and won in the newly created 10th district, defeating Republican Dick Muri.Heck served as Chief of Staff to Washington Governor Booth Gardner from 1990 to 1993. Previously, he was Majority Leader of the Washington State House of Representatives and Chief Clerk of the House. He founded and served as CEO of TVW, the state equivalent of C-SPAN. From 1999 to 2012, he served on the board of directors of Intrepid Learning Solutions, which he co-founded with Christopher Hedrick.\nOn December 4, 2019, Heck announced that he would not seek reelection in 2020. On April 3, 2020 he filed to run for Lieutenant Governor.\n\n", "Q1034140": "Justus van Egmont or Joost van Egmont (Leiden, 1601 \u2013 Antwerp, 8 January 1674) was a painter and a tapestry designer during the 17th century. After training in Antwerp with Gasper van den Hoecke and working with Antony van Dyck, van Egmont also worked in Peter Paul Rubens' workshop. He moved to France in 1628 where he was a court painter for the House of Orl\u00e9ans. In France he helped to found the Acad\u00e9mie de peinture et de sculpture. He later returned to Flanders where he worked in Antwerp and Brussels. He is mainly known for his portrait paintings, although he also painted some history subjects, and produced designs for five different tapestry series.\n\n", "Q1882498": "Malcolm Bell Wiseman (May 23, 1925 \u2013 February 24, 2019) was an American bluegrass singer.", "Q99439": "Max Seydewitz (December 19, 1892 \u2013 February 8, 1987) was a German politician (SPD, SAPD and SED). Between 1947 and 1952 he was the Minister-President of Saxony in the German Democratic Republic.", "Q310539": "William Omar Landr\u00f3n Rivera, (born 10 February 1978) better known by his stage name Don Omar, is a Puerto Rican reggaeton singer and actor. He is sometimes referred to by his nicknames El Rey, and King of Kings of Reggaeton Music. On 1 September 2017, he announced that he would retire after a series of concerts at the Jos\u00e9 Miguel Agrelot Coliseum in Puerto Rico, scheduled to be held on 15, 16 and 17 December. He returned to music on 20 April with his song Ramayama with Farruko.\n\n", "Q977402": "Guggi (born Derek Rowen) is an avant-garde Irish artist, once a member of the goth/post-punk band Virgin Prunes alongside his close friend Gavin Friday.\nGuggi was born in Dublin in 1959. He grew up with and remains best friends with U2's Bono. In 1984 he left the Virgin Prunes to pursue his passion for art. Since then he has exhibited his minimalistic paintings, representations of bowls and vessels, in various galleries, among which the Tony Shafrazi Gallery in New York, the Osborne Samuel Gallery in London and the Solomon Gallery in Dublin.\nHe is the older brother of Peter Rowen, a photographer who as a child appeared on many of U2's release covers, and Jonny Rowen, a musician. Another brother, Trevor (Strongman), played bass in The Virgin Prunes.\nHe lives in Dublin with his wife Sibylle and their four sons and one son from his previous long-term relationship with ex-partner Linda.", "Q74957": "Anshan (Chinese: \u978d\u5c71; pinyin: \u0100nsh\u0101n; literally: 'saddle mountain') is an inland prefecture-level city in central-southeast Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, about 92 kilometres (57 mi) south of the provincial capital Shenyang. It is Liaoning's third-most populous city with a population of 3,584,000 people, and covers an area of about 9,252 km2 (3,572 sq mi) spanning 133 km (83 mi) from east to the west. The city's name came from the horse saddle-like shape of a nearby mountain south of the city, which can be seen on the left (west) about five minutes before the northbound train arrives at Anshan railway station. Anshan is home to the Anshan Iron and Steel Group, one of the largest steel producers in China. Anshan is sister city with Sheffield, United Kingdom.\nAnshan had a population of 3.65 million at the 2010 census. The built-up area encompassing four Anshan urban districts (1,529,350 inhabitants) and urban Liaoyang was home to more than 2.17 million inhabitants in 2010.\nAnshan holds one-third of the world's supply of talcum and a quarter of the world's reserves of magnesite. Anshan also produced the largest ever jade stone, now a local tourist attraction carved as a Buddha statue.\n\n", "Q65682": "Hans-J\u00fcrgen B\u00e4umler (born 28 January 1942) is a German pair skater, actor, singer and television host.\n\n", "Q1545": "Cynthia Ann Stephanie Lauper (born June 22, 1953) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and activist. Her career has spanned over 40 years. Her album She's So Unusual (1983) was the first debut album by a female artist to achieve four top-five hits on the Billboard Hot 100\u2014\"Girls Just Want to Have Fun\", \"Time After Time\", \"She Bop\", and \"All Through the Night\"\u2014and earned Lauper the Best New Artist award at the 27th Grammy Awards in 1985. Her success continued with the soundtrack for the motion picture The Goonies and her second record True Colors (1986). This album included the number one single \"True Colors\" and \"Change of Heart\", which peaked at number three.\nSince 1983, Lauper has released eleven studio albums and participated in many other projects. In 2010, Memphis Blues became Billboard's most successful blues album of the year, remaining at number one on the Billboard Blues Albums chart for 13 consecutive weeks. In 2013, Lauper won the Tony Award for best original score for composing the Broadway musical Kinky Boots, making her the first woman to win the category by herself. The musical was awarded five other Tonys including Tony Award for Best New Musical. In 2014, Lauper was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album for the cast recording. In 2016, the West End production won Best New Musical at the Olivier Awards Lauper has sold over 50 million records worldwide. She has won awards at the Grammys, Emmys, Tonys, the New York's Outer Critics Circle, MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs), Billboard Awards, and American Music Awards (AMAs). An inductee into both the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Lauper is one of the few singers to win three of the four major American entertainment awards (EGOT). Lauper won the inaugural Best Female Video prize at the 1984 VMAs for \"Girls Just Want to Have Fun\". This music video is recognized by MTV, VH1 and Rolling Stone as one of the greatest music videos of the era. She is featured in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum's Women Who Rock exhibit. Her debut album is included in Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, while \"Time After Time\" is included in VH1's list of the 100 Best Songs of the Past 25 years. VH1 has ranked Lauper No. 58 of the 100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll.Lauper is known for her distinctive image, featuring a variety of hair colors and eccentric clothing, and for her powerful and distinctive four-octave singing range.Lauper has been celebrated for her humanitarian work, particularly as an advocate for LGBT rights in the United States. Her charitable efforts were acknowledged in 2013 when she was invited as a special guest to attend U.S. President Barack Obama's second-term inauguration.", "Q318165": "Coy Luther \"Luke\" Perry III (October 11, 1966 \u2013 March 4, 2019) was an American actor. He became a teen idol for playing Dylan McKay on the TV series Beverly Hills, 90210 from 1990 to 1995, and again from 1998 to 2000. He also starred as Fred Andrews on the CW series Riverdale, had guest roles on notable shows such as Criminal Minds, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, The Simpsons, and Will & Grace, and also starred in several films, including Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992), 8 Seconds (1994), The Fifth Element (1997), and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019), his final feature performance.", "Q427864": "Piero Chiambretti (born 30 May 1956) is an Italian television presenter.", "Q562492": "Count Got\u014d Shinpei (\u5f8c\u85e4 \u65b0\u5e73, 24 July 1857 \u2013 13 April 1929) was a Japanese politician and cabinet minister of the Taish\u014d and early Sh\u014dwa period Empire of Japan. He served as the head of civilian affairs of Taiwan under Japanese rule, the first director of the South Manchuria Railway, the seventh mayor of Tokyo City, the first Chief Scout of Japan, the first Director-General of NHK, the third principal of Takushoku University, and in a number of cabinet posts. Got\u014d was one of the most important politicians and administrators in Japanese national government during a time of modernization and reform in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.", "Q316148": "Baron Arthur Haulot (15 November 1913 \u2013 24 May 2005) was a Belgian journalist, humanist and poet who served, during World War II as an active member of the Belgian resistance. As president of the Jeunes Socialistes (young socialists), he was made prisoner and taken to the Dachau concentration camp.\nAfter his liberation from the camp, he spoke about the atrocities of the Nazi regime and its efforts to impose a regime that precludes free speech and many forms of freedom and liberties, this leading to extermination of any opponents to the regime, and many people considered as passively opposed to the Regime, like the Jews, the Romani and many others.\nHe died in Brussels as a result of a thrombosis.", "Q205120": "Dr. B\u00e9la Kir\u00e1ly (14 April 1912 \u2013 4 July 2009) was a Hungarian army officer before, during, and after World War II. After the war, he was sentenced to life in prison under the Soviet-allied regime, but was later released. After his release, he commanded the National Guard in the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. He then fled to the United States, where he became an academic historian. He returned to Hungary after the collapse of the Soviet Bloc and was elected a member of Hungarian Parliament.", "Q88534": "Dorothea Wieck (3 January 1908 in Davos, Switzerland \u2013 19 February 1986 in Berlin, West Germany) was a German theatre and film actress.", "Q347461": "Joe William Haldeman (born June 9, 1943) is an American science fiction author. He is best known for his novel The Forever War (1974). That novel, and other of his works, including The Hemingway Hoax (1991) and Forever Peace (1997), have won major science fiction awards, including the Hugo Award and Nebula Award.\nHe was awarded the SFWA Grand Master for career achievements. In 2012 he was inducted as a member of the Science Fiction Hall of Fame.\nMany of Haldeman's works, including his debut novel War Year and his second novel The Forever War, were inspired by his experiences related to serving in the Vietnam War. Wounded in combat, he struggled to adjust to civilian life after returning home.", "Q55999": "Felix Stone Moscheles (8 February 1833 \u2013 22 December 1917) was an English painter, peace activist and advocate of Esperanto.", "Q297442": "Kathryn Elizabeth Smith (May 1, 1907 \u2013 June 17, 1986), known professionally as Kate Smith and The First Lady of Radio, was an American singer, a contralto, well known for her rendition of Irving Berlin's \"God Bless America\". She had a radio, television, and recording career spanning five decades, which reached its pinnacle in the 1940s. Smith became known as The Songbird of the South after her enduring popularity during World War II.", "Q1904825": "The Union for the Defence of the Republic (French: Union pour la d\u00e9fense de la R\u00e9publique), after 1968 renamed Union of Democrats for the Republic (French: Union des D\u00e9mocrates pour la R\u00e9publique), commonly abbreviated UDR, was a Gaullist political party of France that existed from 1968 to 1976.\nThe UDR was the successor to Charles de Gaulle's earlier party, the Rally of the French People, and was organised in 1958, along with the founding of the Fifth Republic as the Union for the New Republic (UNR), and in 1962 merged with the Democratic Union of Labour, a left-Gaullist group. In 1967 it was joined by some Christian Democrats to form the Union of Democrats for the Fifth Republic, later dropping the 'Fifth'. After the May 1968 crisis, it formed a right-wing coalition named Union for the Defense of the Republic (UDR); it was subsequently renamed Union of Democrats for the Republic, retaining the abbreviation UDR, in October 1968.\nUnder de Gaulle's successor Georges Pompidou it promoted the Gaullist movement. It dissolved in 1976, and its successor was the Rally for the Republic (RPR) founded by Jacques Chirac.", "Q80168": "Hilal Mammadov (Azerbaijani: Hilal M\u0259mm\u0259dov; b. 1959, Astara Rayon, Azerbaijan SSR) is an Azerbaijani journalist and human rights activist. He is the chief editor of the Baku-based newspaper \"Tolyshi sado\" (\"The Voice of Talysh\"), the only newspaper in Azerbaijan printed in the minority Talysh language. After Novruzali Mammadov died in custody, Hilal Mamedov became a second community leader for the Talysh people. He is also known as the author of the meykhana video Ty kto takoy? Davay, do svidaniya! which became an Internet meme both in Azerbaijan and Post-Soviet states.", "Q97372": "Margret Antonie Boveri (14 August 1900 \u2013 6 July 1975) was one of the best-known German journalists and writers of the post-World War II period.", "Q262805": "Lydia Mar\u00eda Cacho Ribeiro (born 12 April 1963) is a Mexican leftist journalist, feminist, and human rights activist. Described by Amnesty International as \"perhaps Mexico's most famous investigative journalist and women's rights advocate\", Cacho's reporting focuses on violence against and sexual abuse of women and children.Her book Los Demonios del Ed\u00e9n (in English: The Demons of Eden) (2004) created a nationwide scandal by alleging that several prominent businessmen had conspired to protect a pedophilia ring. In 2006, a tape emerged of a conversation between businessman Kamel Nacif Borge and Mario Plutarco Mar\u00edn Torres, governor of Puebla, in which they conspired to have Cacho beaten and raped for her reporting.Cacho is the winner of numerous international awards for her journalism, including the Civil Courage Prize, the Wallenberg Medal, and the Olof Palme Prize. In 2010, she was named a World Press Freedom Hero of the International Press Institute.", "Q311141": "John David Ashcroft (born May 9, 1942) is an American lawyer and former politician who served as the 79th U.S. Attorney General (2001\u20132005), in the George W. Bush Administration. He later founded The Ashcroft Group, a Washington D.C. lobbying firm.Ashcroft previously served as Attorney General of Missouri (1976\u20131985), and as the 50th Governor of Missouri (1985\u20131993), having been elected for two consecutive terms in succession (a historical first for a Republican candidate in the state), and he also served as a U.S. Senator from Missouri (1995\u20132001). He had early appointments in Missouri state government and was mentored by John Danforth. He has written several books about politics and ethics. Since 2011 he sits on the board of directors for the\nprivate military company Academi (formerly Blackwater), has been a member of the Federalist Society, and is a professor at the Regent University School of Law, a conservative Christian institution affiliated with televangelist Pat Robertson.\nHis son, Jay Ashcroft, is also a politician, serving as Secretary of State of Missouri since January, 2017.\n\n", "Q176176": "Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Andronov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; April 11 [O.S. March 29] 1901, Moscow \u2013 October 31, 1952, Gorky) was a Soviet physicist and member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1946). He worked extensively on the theory of stability of dynamical systems, introducing (together with Lev Pontryagin) the notion of structural stability. In that context, he also contributed to the mathematical theory of self-oscillation (a term that he coined) by establishing a link between the generation of oscillations and the theory of Lyapunov stability. He developed the comprehensive theory of self-oscillations by linking it with the qualitative theory of differential equations, topology, and with the general theory of stability of motion. The crater Andronov on the Moon is named after him.", "Q87161": "Joseph Ennemoser (15 November 1787 \u2013 19 September 1854) was a South Tyrolean physician and stubborn late proponent of Franz Mesmer's theories of animal magnetism. He became known to English readers through Mary Howitt's translation of his History of Magic (1819, 1844, tr. 1854).", "Q53456": "Casimir II the Just (Polish: Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy; 1138 \u2013 5 May 1194) was a Lesser Polish Duke of Wi\u015blica from 1166\u20131173, and of Sandomierz after 1173. He became ruler over the Polish Seniorate Province at Krak\u00f3w and thereby High Duke of Poland in 1177; a position he held until his death, though interrupted once by his elder brother and predecessor Mieszko III the Old. In 1186 Casimir also inherited the Duchy of Masovia from his nephew Leszek, becoming the progenitor of the Masovian branch of the royal Piast dynasty, and great-grandfather of the later Polish king W\u0142adys\u0142aw I the Elbow-high. The honorific title \"the Just\" was not contemporary and first appeared in the 16th century.\n\n", "Q2390478": "William Joseph Raymond (born September 9, 1938) is an American actor who has appeared in film, television, theatre and radio drama since the 1960s.", "Q170507": "Nanterre ( or nahn-TAIR; French: [n\u0251\u0303t\u025b\u0281] (listen)) is a commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department, the western suburbs of Paris. It is located some 11 km (6.8 mi) north-west of the centre of Paris.\nNanterre serves as both the capital of the Hauts-de-Seine department and seat of the eponymous arrondissement.\nThe eastern part of Nanterre, bordering the communes of Courbevoie and Puteaux, contains a small part of the La D\u00e9fense business district of Paris and some of the tallest buildings in the Paris region. Because the headquarters of many major corporations are located in La D\u00e9fense, the court of Nanterre is well known in the media for the number of high-profile lawsuits and trials that take place in it. The city of Nanterre also includes the Paris West University Nanterre La D\u00e9fense, one of the largest universities in the Paris region.\n\n", "Q299309": "Peter MacNicol (born April 10, 1954) is an American actor and voice actor. He received a Theatre World Award for his 1981 Broadway debut in the play Crimes of the Heart. His film roles include Galen in Dragonslayer (1981), Stingo in Sophie's Choice (1982), Janosz Poha in Ghostbusters II (1989), camp organizer Gary Granger in Addams Family Values (1993), and David Langley in Bean (1997).\nMacNicol won the 2001 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his role as the eccentric lawyer John Cage in the FOX comedy-drama Ally McBeal (1997\u20132002). He is also known for his television roles as attorney Alan Birch in the medical drama Chicago Hope (1994\u201398), Tom Lennox in the sixth season of action-thriller 24 (2007), as physicist Dr. Larry Fleinhardt on the CBS crime drama Numbers (2005\u201310), Dr. Stark on Grey's Anatomy (2010\u201311), Jeff Kane on the political satire series Veep (2016\u201319), Doctor Octopus in The Spectacular Spider-Man, and Nigel the Advisor on Tangled: The Series.", "Q107957": "Alexander Meigs Haig Jr. (; December 2, 1924 \u2013 February 20, 2010) was the United States Secretary of State under President Ronald Reagan and the White House chief of staff under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. Prior to these cabinet-level positions, he retired as a general from the United States Army, having been Supreme Allied Commander Europe after serving as the vice chief of staff of the Army.\nBorn in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, Haig served in the Korean War after graduating from the United States Military Academy. In the Korean War, he served as an aide to General Alonzo Patrick Fox and General Edward Almond. After the war, he served as an aide to Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. During the Vietnam War, Haig commanded a battalion and later a brigade of the 1st Infantry Division. For his service, Haig was a recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross, the Silver Star with oak leaf cluster, and the Purple Heart.In 1969 Haig became an assistant to National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger. He became vice chief of staff of the Army, the second-highest-ranking position in the Army, in 1972. After the 1973 resignation of H. R. Haldeman, Haig became President Nixon's chief of staff. Serving in the wake of the Watergate scandal, he became especially influential in the final months of Nixon's tenure, and played a role in persuading Nixon to resign in August 1974. Haig continued to serve as chief of staff for the first month of President Ford's tenure. From 1974 to 1979, Haig served as Supreme Allied Commander Europe, commanding all NATO forces in Europe. He retired from the Army in 1979 and pursued a career in business.\nAfter Reagan won the 1980 presidential election, he nominated Haig to be his secretary of state. After the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan, Haig asserted \"I am in control here,\" allegedly suggesting (erroneously since 1947, when the Speaker of the House of Representatives was designated the second in the line of succession after the Vice President) that he served as acting president in Reagan's and Bush's absence, later iterating that he meant that he was functionally in control of the government. During the Falklands War, Haig sought to broker peace between the United Kingdom and Argentina. He resigned from Reagan's cabinet in July 1982. After leaving office, he unsuccessfully sought the presidential nomination in the 1988 Republican primaries. He also served as the head of a consulting firm and hosted the television program World Business Review.", "Q72498": "Enrico Anthony Lazio (; born March 13, 1958) is a former four-term U.S. Representative from the State of New York. Lazio became well-known during his bid for U.S. Senate in New York's 2000 Senate election; he was defeated by Hillary Rodham Clinton. Lazio also ran unsuccessfully for the 2010 New York State Republican Party gubernatorial nomination.", "Q1223": "Washington ( (listen)), officially the State of Washington, is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Named for George Washington, the first U.S. president, the state was made out of the western part of the Washington Territory, which was ceded by the British Empire in 1846, in accordance with the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute. The state, which is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, Oregon to the south, Idaho to the east, and the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north, was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Olympia is the state capital; the state's largest city is Seattle. Washington is often referred to as Washington State to distinguish it from the nation's capital, Washington, D.C..\nWashington is the 18th largest state, with an area of 71,362 square miles (184,827 km2), and the 13th most populous state, with more than 7.6 million people. Approximately 60 percent of Washington's residents live in the Seattle metropolitan area, the center of transportation, business, and industry along Puget Sound, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean consisting of numerous islands, deep fjords, and bays carved out by glaciers. The remainder of the state consists of deep temperate rainforests in the west; mountain ranges in the west, central, northeast, and far southeast; and a semi-arid basin region in the east, central, and south, given over to intensive agriculture. Washington is the second most populous state on the West Coast and in the Western United States, after California. Mount Rainier, an active stratovolcano, is the state's highest elevation, at almost 14,411 feet (4,392 meters), and is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous U.S.\nWashington is a leading lumber producer; its rugged surface is rich in stands of Douglas fir, hemlock, ponderosa pine, white pine, spruce, larch, and cedar. Washington is the nation's largest producer of apples, hops, pears, red raspberries, spearmint oil, and sweet cherries, and ranks high in the production of apricots, asparagus, dry edible peas, grapes, lentils, peppermint oil, and potatoes. Livestock and livestock products make important contributions to total farm revenue, and the commercial fishing of salmon, halibut, and bottomfish makes a significant contribution to the state's economy. Washington ranks second only to California in wine production.\nManufacturing industries in Washington include aircraft and missiles, shipbuilding, and other transportation equipment, lumber, food processing, metals and metal products, chemicals, and machinery. Washington has more than a thousand dams, including the Grand Coulee Dam, built for a variety of purposes including irrigation, power, flood control, and water storage.\nWashington is one of the wealthiest and most socially progressive states in the country. The state consistently ranks among the best for life expectancy and low unemployment. Along with Colorado, Washington was one of the first to legalize medicinal and recreational cannabis, was among the first thirty-six states to legalize same-sex marriage, doing so in 2012, and was one of only four U.S. states to have been providing legal abortions on request before the 1973 Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade loosened abortion laws nationwide. Similarly, Washington voters approved a 2008 referendum on legalization of physician-assisted suicide, and is currently one of only five states, along with Oregon, California, Colorado and Vermont, as well as the District of Columbia to have legalized the practice. The state is also one of eight in the country to have criminalized the sale, possession and transfer of bump stocks, with California, Florida, New Jersey, New York, Vermont, Maryland, and Massachusetts also having banned these devices.", "Q633103": "Louis William Marini Jr. (born May 13, 1945), known as \"Blue Lou\" Marini, is an American saxophonist, arranger, and composer. He is best known for his work in jazz, rock, blues, and soul music, as well as his association with The Blues Brothers.", "Q41052": "Dumenza is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 70 kilometers (43 mi) northwest of Milan and about 25 kilometers (16 mi) north of Varese, on the border with Switzerland.\nThe municipality of Dumenza contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Runo (birthplace of painter Bernardino Luini), Due Cossani, Stivigliano, and Trezzino.\nDumenza borders the following municipalities: Agra, Astano (Switzerland), Curiglia con Monteviasco, Luino, Maccagno con Pino e Veddasca, Miglieglia (Switzerland), Monteggio (Switzerland), Novaggio (Switzerland), Sessa (Switzerland).", "Q527870": "Gebran Ghassan Tueni (Arabic: \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u200e\u200e; 15 September 1957 \u2013 12 December 2005) was a Lebanese politician and the former editor and publisher of daily paper An Nahar, established by his grandfather, also named Gebran Tueni, in 1933.", "Q733": "Paraguay (; Spanish pronunciation: [pa\u027ea\u02c8\u0263waj] (listen); Guarani: Paragu\u00e1i, [pa\u027ea\u02c8\u0270waj]), officially the Republic of Paraguay (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica del Paraguay; Guarani: Tet\u00e3 Paragu\u00e1i), is a country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Although it is one of only two landlocked countries in South America (the other is Bolivia), the country has coasts, beaches and ports on the Paraguay and Paran\u00e1 rivers that give exit to the Atlantic Ocean through the Paran\u00e1-Paraguay Waterway. Due to its central location in South America, it is sometimes referred to as Coraz\u00f3n de Sudam\u00e9rica (\"Heart of South America\").Spanish conquistadores arrived in 1524 after navigating northwards from the R\u00edo de la Plata to the Paran\u00e1 River, and finally up the Paraguay River. In 1537, they established the city of Asunci\u00f3n, which was the first capital of the Governorate of Paraguay and R\u00edo de la Plata. Paraguay was the center of the Jesuit Missions, where the Guaran\u00ed people were educated and introduced to Christianity and European culture under the direction of the Society of Jesus in Jesuit reductions, mainly during the 17th century. However, after the expulsion of the Jesuits from Spanish territories in 1767, Paraguay increasingly became a peripheral colony, with few urban centers and settlers. Following independence from Spain at the beginning of the 19th century, Paraguay was ruled by a series of authoritarian governments who generally implemented nationalist, isolationist and protectionist policies. This period ended with the disastrous Paraguayan War, during which Paraguay lost at least 50% of its prewar population and around 25\u201333% of its territory to the Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. In the 20th century, Paraguay faced another major international conflict \u2013 the Chaco War \u2013 against Bolivia, from which the Paraguayans emerged victorious. Afterwards, the country entered a period of military dictatorships, ending with the 35 year regime of Alfredo Stroessner that lasted until he was toppled in 1989 by an internal military coup. This marked the beginning of the \"democratic era\" of Paraguay.\nWith around seven million inhabitants, Paraguay is a founding member of Mercosur, an original member of the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Lima Group. Also, the city of Luque, in Asuncion's Metropolitan Area, is the seat of the CONMEBOL. The Guarani culture is very influential and more than 90% of the people speak different forms of the Guarani language in addition to Spanish. Paraguayans are known for being a very happy and easy-living people and many times the country has topped the \"world's happiest place\" charts because of the \"positive experiences\" lived and expressed by the population.", "Q11665": "Jos\u00e9 Manuel Ramos-Horta (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8z\u025b \u02c8\u0281\u0250\u0303muz \u02c8\u0254\u027et\u0250]; born 26 December 1949) is an East Timorese politician who was the President of East Timor from 20 May 2007 to 20 May 2012. Previously he was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2002 to 2006 and Prime Minister from 2006 to 2007. He is a co-recipient of the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize along with Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, for working \"towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor\".\nAs a founder and former member of Fretilin, Ramos-Horta served as the exiled spokesman for the East Timorese resistance during the years of the Indonesian occupation of East Timor (1975\u20131999). While he continued to work with Fretilin, Ramos-Horta resigned from the party in 1988, becoming an independent politician.After East Timor achieved independence in 2002, Ramos-Horta was appointed as the country's first foreign minister. He served in this position until his resignation on 25 June 2006, amidst political turmoil. On 26 June, following the resignation of Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri, Ramos-Horta was appointed as acting Prime Minister by President Xanana Gusm\u00e3o. Two weeks later, on 10 July 2006, he was sworn in as the second Prime Minister of East Timor. He was elected as President in 2007. On 11 February 2008, Ramos-Horta was shot during an assassination attempt.\nAfter leaving office as President in 2012, Ramos-Horta was appointed as the United Nations' Special Representative and Head of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS) on 2 January 2013.", "Q104286": "Johann Joseph von Prechtl (16 November 1778, Bischofsheim, Grand-Dukal W\u00fcrzburg/(today's) Lower Franconia \u2013 28 October 1854, Wieden No. 54 (today's Paniglgasse, 4th district of Vienna)) was a German-born Austrian (since 1802) technologist and educator. He is regarded as a pioneer of technical education in Austria.\nFrom 1796 he studied philosophy, theology and legal science in W\u00fcrzburg, later working as a private instructor outside of Br\u00fcnn, and afterwards as a teacher of natural sciences, chemistry and physics at a secondary school in Vienna (1810\u201314). In 1815 he became founder and first director of the Vienna Polytechnic Institute.\nWith Johann Arzberger (1778\u20131835), he conducted research of public gas illumination, being credited with introducing a coal gas generating plant at the institute. Reportedly, in 1818, there were 25 operational public gas lanterns in Vienna. In 1823 he developed a portable baroscope.", "Q69906": "Air India is the flag carrier airline of India, headquartered at New Delhi. It is owned by Air India Limited, a government-owned enterprise, and operates a fleet of Airbus and Boeing aircraft serving 94 domestic and international destinations. The airline has its hub at Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi, alongside several focus cities across India. Air India is the largest international carrier out of India with an 18.6% market share. Over 60 international destinations are served by Air India across four continents. The airline became the 27th member of Star Alliance on 11 July 2014.\nThe airline was founded by J. R. D. Tata as Tata Airlines in 1932; Tata himself flew its first single-engine de Havilland Puss Moth, carrying air mail from Karachi to Bombay's Juhu aerodrome and later continuing to Madras (currently Chennai). After World War II, it became a public limited company and was renamed as Air India. On 21 February 1960, it took delivery of its first Boeing 707 named Gauri Shankar and became the first Asian airline to induct a jet aircraft in its fleet. In 2000\u201301, attempts were made to privatise Air India and from 2006 onwards, it suffered losses after its merger with Indian Airlines.\nAir India also operates flights to domestic and Asian destinations through its subsidiaries Alliance Air and Air India Express. Air India's mascot is the Maharajah (Emperor) and the logo consists of a flying swan with the wheel of Konark inside it.", "Q83307": "A minister is a politician who heads a ministry (government department), making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers. In some jurisdictions the head of government is also a minister and is designated the \u2019prime minister\u2019, \u2018premier\u2019, \u2019chief minister\u2019, \u2019chancellor\u2019 or other title. \nIn Commonwealth realm jurisdictions which use the Westminster system of government, ministers are usually required to be members of one of the houses of Parliament or legislature, and are usually from the political party that controls a majority in the lower house of the legislature. In other jurisdictions \u2014 such as Belgium, Mexico, Netherlands, Philippines, Slovenia \u2014 the holder of a cabinet-level post or other government official is not permitted to be a member of the legislature. Depending on the administrative arrangements in each jurisdiction, ministers are usually heads of a government department and members of the government's ministry, cabinet and perhaps of a committee of cabinet. Some ministers may be more senior than others, and some may hold the title \u2019assistant minister\u2019 or \u2018deputy minister\u2019. Some jurisdictions, with a large number of ministers, may designate ministers to be either in the inner or outer ministry or cabinet.\nIn some jurisdictions \u2014 such as Hong Kong, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, and the United States \u2014 holders of an equivalent cabinet-level post are called secretaries (e.g., the Home Secretary in the United Kingdom, Secretary of State in the United States). Some holders of a cabinet-level post may have another title, such as \u2019Attorney-General\u2019 or \u2019Postmaster-General\u2019.", "Q57630": "Valdis Dombrovskis (born 5 August 1971) is a Latvian politician serving in the von der Leyen Commission as Executive Vice President for an Economy that Works for People since December 2019. He previously held the role of Vice-President for the Euro and Social Dialogue from 2014 to 2019, and also concurrently as European Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union from 2016 to 2019.\nDombrovskis served as Prime Minister of Latvia from 2009 until 2014, when he resigned. He served as Minister of Finance from 2002 to 2004 and was a Member of the European Parliament for the New Era Party. Following the resignation of Jonathan Hill, it was announced that Dombrovskis would take over the portfolio for Financial Stability, Financial Services and the Capital Markets Union from 16 July 2016.", "Q332798": "Alive is a 1993 American biographical survival drama film based on Piers Paul Read's 1974 book Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors, which details a Uruguayan rugby team's crash aboard Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 into the Andes mountains on October 13, 1972.\nFilmed on location in the Purcell Mountains in British Columbia, the film was directed by Frank Marshall, written by John Patrick Shanley, and narrated by John Malkovich. It features an ensemble cast including Ethan Hawke, Josh Hamilton, Vincent Spano, Bruce Ramsay, John Haymes Newton, Illeana Douglas, and Danny Nucci. One of the survivors, Nando Parrado (portrayed by Hawke in the film), served as the technical advisor for the film.", "Q124156": "Jacques Chessex ( Payerne, 1 March 1934 \u2013 Yverdon-les-Bains, 9 October 2009) was a Swiss author and painter.", "Q464168": "Sir Samuel Bentham (11 January 1757 \u2013 31 May 1831) was a noted English mechanical engineer and naval architect credited with numerous innovations, particularly related to naval architecture, including weapons. He was the only surviving sibling of philosopher Jeremy Bentham, with whom he had a close bond.", "Q1803019": "Enrique Eduardo Guillermo Salinas de Gortari (November 15, 1952 \u2013 December 6, 2004) was the third of four brothers of former president of Mexico Carlos Salinas. \nOn December 6, 2004 his corpse was found, with a plastic bag placed over his head, inside a Volkswagen Passat. The vehicle was abandoned in the upmarket municipality of Huixquilucan, Estado de M\u00e9xico, on the outskirts of Mexico City. The authorities gave asphyxiation as the cause of death. \nUnlike his brothers ex-president Carlos and convicted felon Ra\u00fal, Enrique had eschewed the world of politics in favour of the business sector. \nSalinas' widow and kids reside in Lausanne, Switzerland", "Q66572": "Hersberg is a municipality in the district of Liestal in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q115214": "The Lady Banker (1980) (original French title La Banqui\u00e8re), is a French drama film directed by Francis Girod, written by Georges Conchon and Francis Girod, starring Romy Schneider, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Marie-France Pisier, Claude Brasseur, Jean-Claude Brialy, Daniel Auteuil and Thierry Lhermitte; the music is by Ennio Morricone.", "Q230762": "Dale Carnegie (; spelled Carnagey until c. 1922; November 24, 1888 \u2013 November 1, 1955) was an American writer and lecturer, and the developer of courses in self-improvement, salesmanship, corporate training, public speaking, and interpersonal skills. Born into poverty on a farm in Missouri, he was the author of How to Win Friends and Influence People (1936), a bestseller that remains popular today. He also wrote How to Stop Worrying and Start Living (1948), Lincoln the Unknown (1932), and several other books.\nOne of the core ideas in his books is that it is possible to change other people's behavior by changing one's behavior toward them.", "Q11922": "The canton of Glarus, also canton of Glaris (German: Kanton Glarus, [\u02c8\u0261la\u0281\u028as] (listen)) is a canton in east central Switzerland. The capital is Glarus.\nThe population speaks a variety of Alemannic German.\nThe majority of the population (81%) identifies as Christian, about evenly split between the Protestant and Catholic denominations.", "Q435441": "John Stuart (born John Alfred Louden Croall; 18 July 1898 \u2013 17 October 1979), was a Scottish actor, and a very popular leading man in British silent films in the 1920s. He appeared in three films directed by Alfred Hitchcock.", "Q180019": "Otis Taylor (born July 30, 1948, Chicago, Illinois, United States) is an American blues musician. He is a multi-instrumentalist whose talents include the guitar, banjo, mandolin, harmonica, and vocals. In 2001, he was awarded a fellowship to the Sundance Film Composers Laboratory.", "Q333519": "John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn, (24 December 1838 \u2013 23 September 1923), was a British Liberal statesman, writer and newspaper editor.\nInitially a journalist, he was elected a Member of Parliament in 1883. He was Chief Secretary for Ireland in 1886 and between 1892 and 1895, Secretary of State for India between 1905 and 1910 and again in 1911 and Lord President of the Council between 1910 and 1914. Morley was a distinguished political commentator, and biographer of his hero, William Gladstone. Morley is best known for his writings and for his \"reputation as the last of the great nineteenth-century Liberals\". He opposed imperialism and the Boer War. He supported Home Rule for Ireland. His opposition to British entry into the First World War as an ally of Russia led him to leave government in August 1914.", "Q874": "Turkmenistan ( (listen) or (listen); Turkmen: T\u00fcrkmenistan, pronounced [t\u028f\u027ekm\u025bn\u026a\u02c8\u03b8t\u0251n], officially the Republic of Turkmenistan, Turkmen: T\u00fcrkmenistan Respublikasy) is a sovereign country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city of the country. The population of the country is 5.6 million, the lowest of the Central Asian republics. Turkmenistan is one of the most sparsely populated nations in Asia.\nTurkmenistan has been at the crossroads of civilizations for centuries. In medieval times, Merv was one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road, a caravan route used for trade with China until the mid-15th century. Annexed by the Russian Empire in 1881, Turkmenistan later figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1925, Turkmenistan became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR); it became independent after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.Turkmenistan possesses the world's fourth largest reserves of natural gas. Most of the country is covered by the Karakum (Black Sand) Desert. From 1993 to 2017, citizens received government-provided electricity, water and natural gas free of charge.The sovereign state of Turkmenistan was ruled by President for Life Saparmurat Niyazov (also known as Turkmenbashi) until his death in 2006. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow was elected president in 2007 (he was vice-president and then acting president previously). According to Human Rights Watch, \"Turkmenistan remains one of the world\u2019s most repressive countries. The country is virtually closed to independent scrutiny, media and religious freedoms are subject to draconian restrictions, and human rights defenders and other activists face the constant threat of government reprisal.\" After suspending the death penalty, the use of capital punishment was formally abolished in the 2008 constitution.\n\n", "Q332607": "Leon Brittan, Baron Brittan of Spennithorne, (25 September 1939 \u2013 21 January 2015) was a British politician, Conservative Member of Parliament, and barrister, as well as a member of the European Commission. He served several ministerial roles in Margaret Thatcher's government, including Home Secretary.", "Q103476": "Arthur Brauss (born 24 July 1936) is a German actor, perhaps best known for his work in Sam Peckinpah's Cross of Iron.\nBrauss was born in Augsburg, Germany.", "Q240285": "Wonderwall is a 1968 psychedelic film by first-time director Joe Massot that stars Jane Birkin, Jack MacGowran, and Iain Quarrier, and features Richard Wattis and Irene Handl, and a cameo by Dutch collective The Fool, who were also set designers for the film.\nThe film is also remembered for its soundtrack, composed by then-Beatle George Harrison.", "Q24999": "Cordelia Maria Edvardson (n\u00e9e Heller; 1 January 1929 \u2013 29 October 2012) was a German-born Swedish journalist, author and Holocaust survivor. She was the Jerusalem correspondent for Svenska Dagbladet, a Swedish daily newspaper, from 1977 to 2006. Edvardson reported extensively on the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict, remaining a columnist for Svenska Dagbladet after leaving her post in 2006.", "Q4966739": "Dame Bridget Margaret Ogilvie, (born 24 March 1938) is an Australian and British scientist.\n\n", "Q274120": "Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is on the western bank of the Niagara River in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario, with a population of 88,071 at the 2016 census. The municipality was incorporated on 12 June 1903. Across the Niagara River is Niagara Falls, New York. The Niagara River flows over Niagara Falls at this location, creating a natural spectacle which attracts millions of tourists each year.\nThe tourist area, which stretches along the Niagara Parkway and promenade, is particularly concentrated at the brink of the falls. Apart from the river's natural attractions, it includes observation towers, high-rise hotels, souvenir shops, museums, indoor water parks, casinos and theatres, mostly with colourful neon billboards and advertisements. Farther to the north or south, golf courses are operated alongside historic sites from the War of 1812.", "Q118730": "Detlef Zuehlke (born 1949 in Bad Pyrmont) is a German engineer and professor.", "Q744566": "Gilbert Achcar (Arabic: \u062c\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631\u200e; 5 November 1951) is a Lebanese academic, writer, and self-proclaimed socialist. He is a Professor of Development Studies and International Relations at the School of Oriental and African Studies of the University of London. His research interests cover the Near East and North Africa, the foreign policy of the United States, Globalisation, Islam, and Islamic fundamentalism. \nHe is also a Fellow at the International Institute for Research and Education.", "Q107610": "Alfred Wunderlich (29 December 1901 in Dresden \u2013 21 May 1963) was a German politician of the National Democratic Party of Germany (East Germany). He was a member of the Nazi Party from 1933 to 1936.", "Q503681": "Daniel Andrew \"Andy\" Beal (born November 29, 1952) is an American banker, businessman, investor, and amateur mathematician. He is a Dallas-based businessman who accumulated wealth in real estate and banking. Born and reared in Lansing, Michigan, Beal is founder and chairman of Beal Bank and Beal Bank USA, as well as other affiliated companies. Beal has an estimated worth of US$9.3 billion as of February 2019.A number theorist, Beal is also known for the Beal conjecture, a mathematical generalization of Fermat's Last Theorem. He has funded a $1 million standing prize for its proof or disproof. His banks sponsor two annual science and technology fairs affiliated with the International Science & Engineering Fair. Beal participated in some high-stakes poker games in the mid-2000s that were the subject of a book.", "Q161595": "Mys\u0142owice [m\u0268sw\u0254\u02c8v\u02b2it\u0361s\u025b] (German: Myslowitz) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. The population of the city as of 2018 is 74,586.\nIt is located in the south district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union in the Silesian Highlands, on the Przemsza and Brynica rivers (tributaries of the Vistula). It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999, previously in the Katowice Voivodeship, and before then, the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. Mys\u0142owice is one of the cities comprising the 2.7 million conurbation \u2013 Katowice urban area and within the greater Silesian metropolitan area with a population of about 5,294,000.", "Q111072": "(Friedrich Elias Willibald) Willy P\u00f6ge \n(2 December 1869 - 12 May 1914) was a German engineer and racing car driver.\nHe was born in Chemnitz, son of Hermann P\u00f6ge who encouraged him to study electrical engineering at the Chemnitz University of Technology in 1890. After the father\u2019s death in 1894, Willy worked with Heinrich Goetz in the establishment of a workshop making dynamos and transformers.\nHe also established activities in other cities such as Berlin, Dortmund, Dresden, Leipzig, D\u00fcsseldorf, Hamburg and Frankfurt/Main, as well as exports to France, Greece, the Netherlands, Romania, Russia and overseas. The company was after his death sold to AEG in 1930.\nHis fame however, is due to car racing. Racing for Chemnitzer Radsportveranstaltungen since 1889, he was Sachsenmeister in 1889 and achieved third in the German championship. Since 1903 he raced for Mercedes Benz, winning with Christian Lautenschlager and Otto Salzer in the 1908 French Grand Prix. His last race was Tsar Nichols's Russian Touring Trial that same year, in which he triumphed. He next started flying until he died of a heart attack in 1914.", "Q1066799": "The Broad Front (Spanish: Frente Amplio, FA) is a Uruguayan centre-left to left-wing coalition of political parties. Frente Amplio has close ties with PIT-CNT trade union and the cooperative housing movement. Frente Amplio was the governing party of Uruguay from 2005 to 2020; former Presidents Tabar\u00e9 V\u00e1zquez and Jos\u00e9 Mujica are members of the party.", "Q3390816": "Alfonso Esc\u00e1mez, 1st Marquess of \u00c1guilas (1 January 1916 \u2013 16 May 2010) was a Spanish banker. He was the president of Banco Central from 1973 until 1992. He was awarded the title \"Marquess of \u00c1guilas\" by King Juan Carlos I.Esc\u00e1mez died on 16 May 2010, at the age of 94.", "Q1866695": "McKinley James Millet, Jr. (October 25, 1935 \u2013 June 29, 1997) was an American rhythm and blues pianist, bass player, singer and songwriter, best known for co-writing and first performing the songs \"Rich Woman\" and \"All Around the World\" with his group, Li'l Millet and His Creoles.", "Q242492": "Sh\u014djo, shojo, or shoujo manga (\u5c11\u5973\u6f2b\u753b, sh\u014djo manga) is manga aimed at a young teen female target-demographic readership. The name romanizes the Japanese \u5c11\u5973 (sh\u014djo), literally \"young woman\". Sh\u014djo manga covers many subjects in a variety of narrative styles, from historical drama to science fiction, often with a focus on romantic relationships or emotions.Strictly speaking, however, sh\u014djo manga does not comprise a style or genre, but rather indicates a target demographic.", "Q193703": "Gabrielle Dee Giffords (born June 8, 1970) is an American politician and gun control advocate who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives representing Arizona's 8th congressional district from January 2007 until January 2012, when she resigned due to a severe brain injury suffered during an assassination attempt. A member of the Democratic Party, Giffords was the third woman in Arizona's history to be elected to the U.S. Congress. She is married to former Space Shuttle Commander Mark E. Kelly, who is currently running for a seat in the U.S. Senate.\nBorn and raised in Tucson, Arizona, Giffords graduated from Scripps College and Cornell University. After initially moving to New York City, where she worked in regional economic development for Price Waterhouse, Giffords returned to Arizona to work as the CEO of El Campo Tire Warehouses, a family business started by her grandfather. She served in the Arizona House of Representatives from 2001 until 2003 and the Arizona Senate from 2003 until 2005 when she was elected to the U.S. House. Giffords had just begun her third term in January 2011 when she was shot in the head in an assassination attempt and mass shooting just outside of Tucson during an event with constituents. Giffords has since recovered much of her ability to walk, speak, read, and write. She was greeted by a standing ovation upon her return to the House floor in August 2011. She attended President Obama's State of the Union address on January 24, and appeared on the floor of the House on January 25, 2012, where she formally submitted her resignation to a standing ovation and accolades from her colleagues and the leadership of the House.\nThough a gun control moderate during her time in Congress, Giffords has since become an ardent and public advocate for gun control. In January 2013, she and her husband launched Americans for Responsible Solutions, a non-profit organization and Super-PAC which later joined with the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence to become Giffords.", "Q1507190": "George Dale \"The Fox\" Williams (November 5, 1917 \u2013 April 17, 1988) was a musician, composer, and an arranger for a number of major big bands, including Jimmie Lunceford, Glenn Miller, Gene Krupa, Sonny Dunham, and Ray Anthony.", "Q119348": "Irvin Kershner (born Isadore Kershner; April 29, 1923 \u2013 November 27, 2010) was an American director, actor, and producer of film and television.\nHe gained notice early in his career as a filmmaker for directing quirky, independent drama films, while working as an influential lecturer at the University of Southern California. Later in his career, he transitioned to high-budget blockbusters such as The Empire Strikes Back, the James Bond adaptation Never Say Never Again, and RoboCop 2. Through the course of his career, he received numerous accolades, and was nominated for both a Primetime Emmy Award and a Palme d'Or.", "Q18645982": "Bert Moorhouse (sometimes incorrectly billed as Bert Moorehouse) (November 20, 1894 \u2013 January 26, 1954) was an American character actor whose career began at the very tail end of the silent era, and lasted through the mid-1950s.", "Q563613": "Earle Steele MacPherson (July 6, 1891 \u2013 January 26, 1960) was an American automotive engineer, most famous for developing the MacPherson strut in the 1940s.\n\n", "Q224071": "Maria-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Schneider (27 March 1952 \u2013 3 February 2011), known as Maria Schneider, was a French actress. She starred opposite Marlon Brando in Bernardo Bertolucci's film Last Tango in Paris (1972).\nSchneider worked in more than 50 films and television productions between 1969 and 2008, including Last Tango in Paris, Michelangelo Antonioni's The Passenger (1975, opposite Jack Nicholson), Ren\u00e9 Cl\u00e9ment's Wanted: Babysitter (1975), Daniel Schmid's Violanta (1976), Nouchka van Brakel's A Woman Like Eve (1979), Daniel Duval's Memoirs of a French Whore (1979), Jacques Rivette's Merry-Go-Round (1981), Predrag Golubovi\u0107's Peacetime in Paris (1981), Enki Bilal's Bunker Palace H\u00f4tel (1989), Marco Bellocchio's The Conviction (1991), Mehdi Charef's In the Country of Juliets (1992), Cyril Collard's Savage Nights (1992), Franco Zeffirelli's Jane Eyre (1996), and Josiane Balasko's A French Gigolo (2008).\nThroughout her career, Schneider was a strong advocate for improving the work conditions of women in film. In 2001, Schneider was the guest of honor at the 23rd Festival Cr\u00e9teil Films de Femmes.", "Q23748": "Major-General Han Moo-hyup (Alfonso Moohyup Han, August 22, 1923 \u2013 August 22, 2017) was a Korean army general, businessman, and high-level government official of the Republic of Korea. He was the Honorary Chairman of the Korea Esperanto-Asocio, formerly major general of the Republic of Korea Army, and CEO and owner of Hyundai Insurance. Park Chung-hee, former president of South Korea, officiated at Han's wedding as an old friend.", "Q106268": "Stargard [\u02c8star\u0261art] (listen) (German: Stargard in Pommern; Kashubian: St\u00f4rgard; Latin: Stargardia) is a city in northwestern Poland, with a population of 71,017 (2005). Situated on the Ina River it is the capital of Stargard County and since 1999 has been in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship; prior to that it was in the Szczecin Voivodeship (1975\u20131998).\nThe city's name is of Pomeranian (Kashubian) origin and stands for old (stari) town/city (gard or g\u00f4rd). It's one of the biggest towns of Szczecin agglomeration. Stargard is a major railroad junction, where the southwards connection from Szczecin splits into two directions - one towards Pozna\u0144 and the other towards Gda\u0144sk. There is also another minor line to Pyrzyce from the town.\nFrom 1950 until December 31, 2015, the town was known as Stargard Szczeci\u0144ski.", "Q478227": "Gregory William Hands (born 14 November 1965) is a British Conservative Party politician who served as Chief Secretary to the Treasury from 2015 until 2016, and has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Chelsea and Fulham since 2010.\nHands voted for the UK to Remain in the EU during the 2016 Brexit referendum. Following the 2016 referendum vote to leave the European Union and Cameron's consequent resignation, Hands was demoted by newly appointed Prime Minister Theresa May to a junior Ministerial position. Following the 2017 general election, he retained his position as Minister of State for Trade and Investment but also undertook the Minister for London role, replacing Gavin Barwell who lost his seat.\nHands has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Chelsea and Fulham since 2010; the constituency was created that year by the splitting of the former constituencies of Kensington and Chelsea and Hammersmith and Fulham. Previously, he represented Hammersmith and Fulham from 2005 to 2010.", "Q376723": "Puncture (released under the title Injustice in the United Kingdom) is an independent feature film starring Chris Evans, directed by Adam Kassen and Mark Kassen. The film is based on the true story of Michael David \"Mike\" Weiss and Paul Danziger. It was chosen as one of the spotlight films for the 2011 Tribeca Film Festival, premiering on April 21, 2011 in New York City.\n\n", "Q939194": "Steven Earl \"Steve\" Gaines (September 14, 1949 \u2013 October 20, 1977) was an American musician. He is best known as a guitarist, vocalist and songwriter with rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from 1976 until his death in the October 1977 airplane crash that claimed other band members and crew. He was the younger brother of Cassie Gaines, a backup vocalist with the band.", "Q326114": "True Grit is a 2010 American Revisionist Western film directed, written, produced, and edited by the Coen brothers and executive produced by Steven Spielberg. It is an adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name, and stars Hailee Steinfeld as Mattie Ross and Jeff Bridges as Deputy U.S. Marshal Reuben J. \"Rooster\" Cogburn, along with Matt Damon, Josh Brolin, and Barry Pepper.\nA previous film adaptation in 1969 starred John Wayne, Kim Darby and Glen Campbell.\nFeisty 14 year-old farm girl Mattie Ross (Steinfeld) hires Cogburn (Bridges), a boozy, trigger-happy lawman to go after an outlaw named Tom Chaney (Brolin) who has murdered her father. The bickering duo are accompanied on their quest by a Texas Ranger named LaBoeuf (Damon) who has been tracking Chaney for killing a State Senator. As the three embark on a dangerous adventure, they each have their \"grit\" tested in various ways.\nFilming began in March 2010, and the film was officially released in the U.S. on December 22, 2010 after advance screenings earlier that month. The film opened the 61st Berlin International Film Festival on February 10, 2011. It was well received by critics, garnering a 96% Rotten Tomatoes score. It was nominated for ten Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor in a Leading Role (Bridges), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Steinfeld), Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Costume Design, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Sound Editing. The film was released on Blu-ray and DVD on June 7, 2011.", "Q2284586": "V (or V: The Original Miniseries) is a two-part American science fiction television miniseries, written and directed by Kenneth Johnson. First shown in 1983, it initiated the science fiction franchise concerning aliens known as the \"Visitors\" trying to gain control of Earth and of the ways the populace reacts.", "Q107176": "Jan Paul van Aken (born 1 May 1961) is a German activist for Greenpeace and a politician with the Left Party. He is a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee and the Subcommittee on Disarmament, Arms Control and Non-Proliferation in the German Bundestag. Jan van Aken entered the 17th Bundestag in 2009 after he was listed on the Left electoral lists in Hamburg. Since June 2012 he has been a deputy chairperson of the Left Party. He was one of the eight lead candidates for the Left in the 2013 federal election and was therefore also elected to the 18th Bundestag.\n\n", "Q273129": "Leopoldo Ram\u00f3n Pedro Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo, 1st Marquess of R\u00eda de Ribadeo (Spanish pronunciation: [leo\u02c8poldo \u02c8kal\u03b2oso\u02c8telo i \u03b2us\u02c8telo]; 14 April 1926 \u2013 3 May 2008), known as Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo was Prime Minister of Spain between 1981 and 1982.", "Q32645": "Die \u00c4rzte (German pronunciation: [di\u02d0 \u02c8\u0294\u025b\u02d0\u0250\u032ftst\u0259]; lit.\u2009'\"the physicians\"') is a punk band from Berlin. The band has released 13 studio albums. The band consists of guitarist Farin Urlaub, drummer Bela B and bass player Rodrigo Gonz\u00e1lez. All three write and perform their songs.", "Q862184": "William Randall Henderson (March 19, 1926 \u2013 April 3, 2016) was an American jazz singer and actor in television and film.\n\n", "Q684030": "The Principality of Serbia (Serbian: \u041a\u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430 / Kne\u017eevina Srbija) was a semi-independent state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Serbian Revolution, which lasted between 1804 and 1817. Its creation was negotiated first through an unwritten agreement between Milo\u0161 Obrenovi\u0107, leader of the Second Serbian Uprising, and Ottoman official Marashli Pasha. It was followed by the series of legal documents published by the Porte in 1828, 1829 and finally, 1830 \u2014 the Hatt-i Sharif. Its de facto independence ensued in 1867, following the expulsion of all Ottoman troops from the country; its independence was recognized internationally in 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin. In 1882 the country was elevated to the status of kingdom.", "Q440960": "Karolina Wydra (Polish pronunciation: [kar\u0254\u02c8lina v\u0268dra]; born March 5, 1981) is a Polish-American actress and model. She played Dominika Petrova on the Fox medical drama series House, and vampire Violet Mazurski on the HBO dark fantasy series True Blood. Wydra has starred in the fantasy thriller After (2012), and the science fiction film Europa Report (2013). She portrayed Detective Dianne Kubek on ABC's short-lived crime drama series Wicked City and recurred as Izel in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.", "Q976683": "Matthew Alexander Henson (August 8, 1866 \u2013 March 9, 1955) was an American explorer who accompanied Robert Peary on seven voyages to the Arctic over a period of nearly 23 years. They spent a total of 18 years on expeditions together. He is best known for his participation in the 1908-1909 expedition that claimed to have reached the geographic North Pole on April 6, 1909. Henson said he was the first of their party to reach the pole.\nHenson was born in Nanjemoy, Maryland, to sharecropper parents who were free people of color before the Civil War. He spent most of his early life in Washington, D.C., but left school at the age of twelve to work as a cabin boy. He later returned to Washington and worked as a salesclerk at a good department store. One of his customers was Robert Peary, who in 1887 hired him as a personal valet. At the time, Peary was working on the Nicaragua Canal.\nTheir first Arctic expedition together was in 1891\u201392. Henson served as a navigator and craftsman, and was known as Peary's \"first man\". Like Peary, he studied Inuit survival techniques. \nDuring their 1908\u201309 expedition to Greenland, Henson was one of the six men \u2013 including Peary and four Inuit assistants \u2013 who claimed to have been the first to reach the geographic North Pole. In interviews, Henson identified as the first member of the party to reach what they believed was the pole. Their claim had gained widespread acceptance but in 1989, Wally Herbert published research that found that their expedition records were unreliable, indicated an implausibly high speed during their final rush for the pole, and that the men could have fallen 30\u201360 miles (48\u201397 km) short of the pole due to navigational errors. \nHenson achieved a degree of fame as a result of participating in the expedition, and in 1912 he published a memoir titled A Negro Explorer at the North Pole. As he approached old age, his exploits received renewed attention. In 1937 he was the first African American to be made a life member of The Explorers Club; in 1948 he was elevated to the club's highest level of membership. In 1944 Henson was awarded the Peary Polar Expedition Medal, and he was received at the White House by Presidents Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower. In 1988 he and his wife were re-interred at Arlington National Cemetery. In 2000 Henson was posthumously awarded the Hubbard Medal by the National Geographic Society.", "Q118056": "Daniel Borel (born February 14, 1950) is a Swiss businessman and co-founder of Logitech.\nIn 1973, Daniel Borel earned an engineering degree in Physics from the \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne in Switzerland, and in 1977 received a Master of Science degree in Computer Science from Stanford University.Borel co-founded Logitech at his father-in-law's farm in 1981 with Pierluigi Zappacosta and Giacomo Marini. He served as Logitech's Chairman 1982 to 2008, and served as the company's CEO from 1982 to 1988, and again from 1992 to 1998. In 1988, he took the Logitech Group public on the Swiss stock market, and on the Nasdaq in 1997. He is currently serving on Logitech's Board of Directors.Borel currently serves on the board of directors of Logitech and Nestl\u00e9. He also serves on the board of defitech, a foundation that brings IT technology to disabled people and is chairman of swissUP, a foundation dedicated to the promoting education in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q5365907": "Ellis Island is a television miniseries, filmed in the United Kingdom, broadcast in three parts in 1984 on the CBS television network. The screenplay was co-written by Fred Mustard Stewart, adapted from his 1983 novel of the same title. The series tells the story of several immigrants from the late 19th century until the early 1910s, trying to achieve the American Dream and arriving on Ellis Island, hoping for a better life. Ellis Island highlighted numerous important events which occurred up to and during World War I, and many of the characters are based on real persons, such as Irving Berlin. The series marks the final appearance of Richard Burton, was dedicated to his memory and in the cast includes his real-life daughter as his character's daughter.", "Q260633": "St. Emmeram's Abbey (Kloster Sankt Emmeram or Reichsabtei Sankt Emmeram), now known as Schloss Thurn und Taxis, Schloss St. Emmeram, and St. Emmeram's Basilica, was a Benedictine monastery founded in about 739 in Regensburg in Bavaria (modern southeastern Germany) at the grave of the itinerant Frankish bishop Saint Emmeram.", "Q82838": "Freudenstadt is a town in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in southern Germany. It is capital of the district Freudenstadt. The closest population centres are Offenburg to the west (approx. 36 km away) and T\u00fcbingen to the east (approx. 47 km away).\nThe city lies on a high plateau at the east edge of the north Black Forest, and is well known for its fresh air. Its city centre is famous as the largest market place in Germany. After Horb, it is the second largest city of the Freudenstadt district. The city has an administration partnership with the communities Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach and Seewald.\nFreudenstadt is a climatic health resort of international renown. In the 19th and 20th centuries, visitors of note included George V of the United Kingdom, the Queen of Sweden, John D. Rockefeller, and even the American writer Mark Twain. With its many hotels and guest houses, and its high-class cuisine, Freudenstadt remains a popular vacation spot for Germans from every part of the country. Among the many Germans of note who considered Freudenstadt a second home was the justice inspector Friedrich Kellner whose WWII diary is the subject of a Canadian documentary.", "Q236475": "Lisa Olivia Munn (born July 3, 1980) is an American actress. She began her professional career in television journalism before becoming an actress. She is known for playing the character Sloan Sabbith on the Aaron Sorkin's drama series The Newsroom (2012-2014) on HBO. She was also a correspondent on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart from 2010 to 2011. \nMunn has also had supporting roles in various films and television series since 2004. She co-hosted Attack of the Show! from 2006 to 2010 and in 2006, Munn starred as Mily Acuna on the series Beyond the Break. She has also appeared in the films Magic Mike (2012), the horror film Deliver Us from Evil (2014), the comedy Mortdecai (2015), and X-Men: Apocalypse (2016) as Psylocke. In 2017, she provided the voice of Koko in The Lego Ninjago Movie, and also had a lead role on the History Channel series Six (2017).", "Q77319": "Sa\u0161a Stani\u0161i\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0421\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0448\u0438\u045b; born 7 March 1978) is a German writer. He was born in Vi\u0161egrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina as the son of a Bosniak mother and a Serbian father. In the spring of 1992, he fled alongside his family to Germany as a refugee of the Bosnian War.Stani\u0161i\u0107 has written an acclaimed novel in German which was published in English under the title How the Soldier Repairs the Gramophone. The book won multiple awards in Germany and abroad, and has been translated into several European languages. The English translation was done by Anthea Bell who won the Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize for her work for Stani\u0161i\u0107. It was also adapted for the stage by the Stadtschauspielhaus Graz, where Stani\u0161i\u0107 was the city\u2019s writer-in-residence in 2006/2007.In 2019 he won the German Book Prize for his novel Herkunft. In his acceptance speech Stani\u0161i\u0107 expressed his disgust with the decision of the Nobel Committee to award the 2019 Literature Nobel Prize to the Austrian author Peter Handke. Stani\u0161i\u0107 critizised Handke for his support of Serbian nationalists like Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107.", "Q181461": "Downing College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge and currently has around 650 students. Founded in 1800, it was the only college to be added to Cambridge University between 1596 and 1869, and is often described as the oldest of the new colleges and the newest of the old. Downing College was formed \"for the encouragement of the study of Law and Medicine and of the cognate subjects of Moral and Natural Science\", and has developed a reputation amongst Cambridge colleges for Law and Medicine.\nDowning has been named one of the two most eco-friendly Cambridge colleges.", "Q221109": "The Butterfly Effect is a 2004 American science fiction thriller film written and directed by Eric Bress and J. Mackye Gruber, starring Ashton Kutcher and Amy Smart. The title refers to the butterfly effect, a popular hypothetical situation that illustrates how small initial differences may lead to large unforeseen consequences over time.\nKutcher plays 20-year-old college student Evan Treborn, with Amy Smart as his childhood sweetheart, Kayleigh Miller, William Lee Scott as her sadistic brother, Tommy, and Elden Henson as their neighbor, Lenny. Evan experiences blackouts and memory loss throughout his childhood. Later, in his 20s, Evan finds he can travel back in time to inhabit his former self during those periods of blackout, with his adult mind inhabiting his younger body. He attempts to change the present by changing his past behaviors and set things right for himself and his friends, but there are unintended consequences for all. The film draws heavily on flashbacks of the characters' lives at ages 7 and 13 and presents several alternative present-day outcomes as Evan attempts to change the past, before settling on a final outcome.\nThe film had a poor critical reception. It was a commercial success, producing fairly large earnings of $96 million from a budget of $13 million. The film won the Pegasus Audience Award at the Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival, and was nominated for Best Science Fiction Film at the Saturn Awards and Choice Movie: Thriller in the Teen Choice Awards, but lost to Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, another film from New Line Cinema, respectively.", "Q175286": "Comte Antoine-Fran\u00e7ois Andr\u00e9ossy (6 March 1761 \u2013 10 September 1828) was a Franco-Italian nobleman, who served as a French Army artillery general, diplomat and parliamentarian.", "Q228893": "Julie Deborah Kavner (born September 7, 1950) is an American actress. She first attracted notice for her role as Brenda Morgenstern, the younger sister of Valerie Harper's title character in the sitcom Rhoda, for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She is best known for her voice role as Marge Simpson on the animated television series The Simpsons. She also voices other characters for the show, including Marge's mother, Jacqueline Bouvier, and sisters Patty and Selma Bouvier.\nKnown for her improvisation and distinctive \"honeyed gravel voice\", Kavner was cast in her first professional acting role as Brenda Morgenstern in Rhoda in 1974. She received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations for playing the character, winning the award in 1978, the year that the series ended. Starting in 1987, Kavner started appearing on The Tracey Ullman Show. The Tracey Ullman Show included a series of animated shorts about a dysfunctional family. Voices were needed for the shorts, and the producers asked Kavner to voice Marge. The shorts were spun off into The Simpsons.\nKavner has been described as \"nearly reclusive\"; part of her contract says that she will never have to promote The Simpsons on video. For her work as Marge, Kavner received another Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance in 1992 and an Annie Award nomination for her performance as the character in The Simpsons Movie.\nTypically cast as a \"woman who is supportive, sympathetic or self-effacingly funny\", Kavner grew to dislike playing such roles. In 1992, she starred in This Is My Life, her first leading role in a feature film. Kavner has also appeared in live-action roles in six films written by Woody Allen and in the Adam Sandler comedy Click.", "Q1461567": "Istv\u00e1n V\u00e1g\u00f3 (born as Istv\u00e1n V\u00e1g\u00f3 on 14 February 1949 in Budapest, Hungary) is a Hungarian television host and political activist, best known as the host of \"Legyen \u00f6n is Milliomos!\" the Hungarian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?.\n\n", "Q105761": "Klaus Buchner (born 6 February 1941) is a university professor, physicist, and an MEP for the green-conservative Ecological Democratic Party (\u00d6DP). He has represented the European Parliament Germany constituency since 2014. He sits with the Greens\u2013European Free Alliance group in the European Parliament. He was Leader of the \u00d6DP from 2003 to 2010.\n\n", "Q188323": "Robin Hood and the Pirates (Italian: Robin Hood e i pirati) is a 1960 Italian adventure film directed by Giorgio Simonelli, and starring Lex Barker and Jackie Lane.", "Q66214": "Filisur is an Alpine village and former municipality in the Albula Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. The village sits on a hillside with a view to the west where the two rivers Albula/Alvra from the Albula Pass and Landwasser from Davos meet. On 1 January 2018 the former municipalities of Berg\u00fcn/Bravuogn and Filisur merged into the new municipality of Berg\u00fcn Filisur.", "Q230004": "Rosamund Mary Ellen Pike (born 27 January 1979) is an English actress who began her acting career by appearing in stage productions such as Romeo and Juliet and Skylight. After her screen debut in the television film A Rather English Marriage (1998) and television roles in Wives and Daughters (1999) and Love in a Cold Climate (2001), she received international recognition for her film debut as Bond girl Miranda Frost in Die Another Day (2002), for which she received the Empire Award for Best Newcomer. Following her breakthrough, she won the BIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress for The Libertine (2004) and portrayed Jane Bennet in Pride & Prejudice (2005).\nPike had film appearances in the sci-fi film Doom (2005), the crime-mystery thriller film Fracture (2007), the drama film Fugitive Pieces (2007), the coming-of-age drama An Education (2009), for which she was nominated for the London Film Critics Circle Award for British Supporting Actress of the Year, and sci-fi comedy The World's End (2013). She also received British Independent Film Award nominations for An Education and Made in Dagenham (2010), and was nominated for a Genie Award for Barney's Version (2010). Her other films include the spy action comedy Johnny English Reborn (2011), the epic action-adventure fantasy Wrath of the Titans (2012), and the action thriller Jack Reacher (2012).\nIn 2014, her performance in the psychological thriller Gone Girl was met with widespread critical acclaim, winning the Saturn Award for Best Actress and receiving a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Pike received further acclaim for her starring role as Ruth Williams Khama in the biographical drama A United Kingdom (2016) and for portraying the journalist Marie Colvin in the biographical war drama A Private War (2018), for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. Pike won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actress in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series in 2019 for her role in State of the Union.", "Q531633": "Patricia Ann Woertz, (born March 17, 1953), is a retired American businesswoman. She has formerly served as the President and CEO of Archer Daniels Midland. She was previously Executive Vice President of the Chevron Corporation, where she spent 29 years and served as its Executive Vice President of Global Downstream. As of 2014, she is listed as the 85th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.", "Q577666": "Ned Lagin (born March 17, 1948) is an American artist, photographer, scientist, composer, and keyboardist.Lagin is considered a pioneer in the development and use of minicomputers and personal computers in real-time stage and studio music composition and performance.He is known for his electronic music composition Seastones, for performing with the Grateful Dead, and for his photography and art.", "Q153527": "Fred Niblo (born Frederick Liedtke; January 6, 1874 \u2013 November 11, 1948) was an American pioneer film actor, director and producer.\n\n", "Q103304": "Christian Reuter (1665 in K\u00fctten \u2013 1712 or later) was a German author.", "Q942532": "Stereo MC's are a British hip hop/electronic dance group which formed in Clapham, London, in 1985. They had a transatlantic Top 20 hit with their single \"Connected\". After releasing eight albums for Island Records, K7, Graffiti Recordings, and Pias, they formed the label Connected with Terranova to release their own material and that of other artists within the house/techno/electronic medium.", "Q5870": "Freital is a town in the district of S\u00e4chsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. The town is situated on a small river, the Wei\u00dferitz, and is eight kilometres (5 mi) southwest of Dresden.", "Q3242950": "Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a group of cancers that starts in the kidney. Symptoms may include blood in the urine, lump in the abdomen, or back pain. Fever, weight loss, and tiredness may also occur. Complications can include spread to the lungs or brain.The main types of kidney cancer are renal cell cancer (RCC), transitional cell cancer (TCC), and Wilms tumor. RCC makes up approximately 80% of kidney cancers, and TCC accounts for most of the rest. Risk factors for RCC and TCC include smoking, certain pain medications, previous bladder cancer, being overweight, high blood pressure, certain chemicals, and a family history. Risk factors for Wilms tumor include a family history and certain genetic disorders such as WAGR syndrome. Diagnosis maybe suspected based on symptoms, urine testing, and medical imaging. It is confirmed by tissue biopsy.Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Kidney cancer newly affected about 403,300 people and resulted in 175,000 deaths globally in 2018. Onset is usually after the age of 45. Males are affected more often than females. The overall five-year survival rate is 75% in the United States, 71% in Canada, 70% in China, and 60% in Europe. For cancers that are confined to the kidney, the five-year survival rate is 93%, if it has spread to the surrounding lymph nodes it is 70%, and if it has spread widely, it is 12%.", "Q571203": "Karel Pol\u00e1\u010dek (22 March 1892 \u2013 21 January 1945) was a Czech writer, humorist and journalist of Jewish descent.", "Q2329572": "Ant\u00f3nio Augusto Carvalho Monteiro (1848 \u2013 1920), also known as Monteiro dos Milh\u00f5es (Monteiro the Millionaire), was an entomologist born to Portuguese parents in Rio de Janeiro. He inherited a huge family fortune, which he enlarged in Brazil by selling coffee and precious stones, which soon made it possible for him to leave for Portugal. He received a degree in Law from the University of Coimbra, and was a well-known collector and bibliophile, with a superb collection of the works of Cam\u00f5es. His cultural interests certainly influenced and guided the mysterious symbols and iconography of the palace that he had built on his estate nestled in the mountains of Sintra, the Pal\u00e1cio da Regaleira.\nCarvalho Monteiro was represented in the press of his time as both an altruist and an eccentric, exemplified by his famous Leroy 01, \"the most complicated clock in the world.\"\nCarvalho Monteiro had the same architect who built the Pal\u00e1cio da Regaleira, Luigi Manini, build his tomb in the Prazeres Cemetery. The door of the tomb, also encrusted with symbolism, was opened with the same key that opened the Pal\u00e1cio da Regaleira and his palace in Lisbon, on the Rua do Alecrim. As visitors enter the cemetery grove, they encounter the tomb on the left, with the orientation, size, and shape of a Masonic temple, oriented towards the east. It is covered in various symbols. The door knocker is engraved with a bee carrying a skull. The bee, which is diligent and hard-working, represents the Mason in his organized work. The gradeamento which can be seen in the back of the tomb, is festooned with the symbolic wine and bread, the spirit and the body. There are also decorative owls, symbolizing wisdom, as well as poppies, the symbol of eternal sleep.\n\n", "Q903208": "Prof Frederick Guthrie FRS FRSE (15 October 1833 \u2013 21 October 1886) was a British physicist and chemist and academic author.\nHe was the son of Alexander Guthrie, a London tradesman, and the younger brother of mathematician Francis Guthrie. Along with William Fletcher Barrett he founded the Physical Society of London (now the Institute of Physics) in 1874 and was president of the society from 1884 till 1886. He believed that science should be based on experimentation rather than discussion.", "Q701748": "Marc Minkowski (born 4 October 1962) is a French conductor of classical music, especially known for his interpretations of French Baroque works. His mother, Mary Anne (Wade), is American, and his father was Alexandre Minkowski, a Polish-French professor of pediatrics and one of the founders of neonatology. Marc Minkowski is a Chevalier du M\u00e9rite.", "Q324717": "Rembrandt is a 1942 German historical drama film directed by Hans Steinhoff and starring Ewald Balser, Hertha Feiler, Gisela Uhlen and Aribert W\u00e4scher. It was based on the novel Zwischen Hell und Dunkel by Valerian Tornius and depicts the life of the Dutch painter Rembrandt.\nThe film's sets were designed by the art director Walter R\u00f6hrig. It was shot at the Tempelhof and Babelsberg Studios in Berlin. Location shooting took place in German-occupied Amsterdam and the Cinetone Studios in the city were also used.", "Q261539": "J. Kenneth Campbell (born July 22, 1947) is an American film, stage, and television actor who has been cast in over 80 roles. He was born in Flushing, New York. Campbell studied acting under theatrical fight director Patrick Crean, and was an acting instructor himself at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival.", "Q256395": "Kirstine \"Paprika\" Steen (born 3 November 1964) is a Danish actress and director best known for her performances in the films Festen, The Idiots, and Open Hearts. Steen was the first Danish actress since Karin Nellemose in 1994 to win both Best Actress (for Okay) and Best Supporting Actress (Open Hearts) in the same year at the Robert Festival, the Danish equivalent of the Oscars.", "Q334504": "Bae Yong-joon (Korean: \ubc30\uc6a9\uc900; Hanja: \u88f5\u52c7\u6d5a; born August 29, 1972) is a South Korean former actor and businessman. He has starred in numerous television dramas, including, notably, Winter Sonata which became a major part of the Korean Wave. Bae retired from acting after 2007, but remains active as the chairman of management agency KeyEast.", "Q276045": "Laura Johnson (born August 1, 1957) is an American actress, known for playing Terry Hartford in the CBS primetime soap opera Falcon Crest from 1983 to 1986.", "Q115566": "Ernst Wetter (27 August 1877 \u2013 10 August 1963) was a Swiss politician.\n\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 15 December 1938 and handed over office on 31 December 1943. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party.\nDuring his time in office he held the Department of Finance and was President of the Confederation in 1941.", "Q473366": "Atos Kasimir Wirtanen (27 January 1906 in Saltvik \u2013 10 March 1979) was a Finnish left-wing intellectual, journalist, member of Finnish parliament (1936\u20131953) and cultural critic. He was born in Saltvik, \u00c5land.\nWirtanen rose to parliament from the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) list, but in 1946 he defected to the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL). Wirtanen was also active in the Socialist Unity Party (SYP) and served as its chairman from 1948 to 1955. In 1955 he led the SYP out of the SKDL. Wirtanen was fired twice (1941 and 1947) from the publication Arbetarbladet and once (1953) from the magazine Ny Tid. During the Continuation War, he was among the signatories of the \"Petition of the Thirty-Three\", which members of the peace opposition presented to President Risto Ryti.\nWirtanen was a close friend of Tove Jansson and a model for the Snufkin character, whose green hat is borrowed from Wirtanen. The first Moomin comic strips were published in October 1947 in Ny Tid. The series had to stop earlier than planned, as readers criticized it and especially the Moominpappa character for his bourgeois sympathies.Wirtanen published two memoirs: Mot m\u00f6rka makter (Against Dark Forces) and Political Memoirs. He also published several collections of aphorisms and other literary works.\nWirtanen married dance artist Irja Hagfors in 1954. He died in 1979 in Helsinki.", "Q69133": "Manfred Lahnstein (born 20 December 1937 in Erkrath) is a German politician (SPD). In 1982 he was German Federal Minister of Finance as well as Federal Minister of Economics and until 2004 worked for the media conglomerate Bertelsmann.", "Q167696": "Nicole Scherzinger (; born Nicole Prescovia Elikolani Valiente; June 29, 1978) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, actress and television personality. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, and raised in Louisville, Kentucky, she initially performed in high school at Clark AB plays and studied at Wright State University before dropping out to pursue a musical career touring alongside American rock band Days of the New and through Popstars, became part of the short-lived girl group Eden's Crush. Scherzinger rose to fame as the lead singer of the Pussycat Dolls and released the albums PCD (2005) and Doll Domination (2008) becoming one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time.\nFollowing the group's breakup in 2010, Scherzinger successfully ventured into television winning the tenth season of Dancing with the Stars and becoming a judge on The Sing-Off and on both US and UK versions of The X Factor. She released her debut solo album Killer Love (2011), which was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). The album spawned the UK number-one single \"Don't Hold Your Breath\", as well as the international top-ten hits \"Poison\" and \"Right There\". In 2014, Scherzinger released her second album Big Fat Lie and starred on the West End revival of the musical Cats for which she received a Laurence Olivier Award nomination for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. Since then, she shifted her focus back to television, winning I Can Do That (2015), co-hosting Best Time Ever with Neil Patrick Harris (2015), appearing as panelist on Bring the Noise (2015), and starring in the television film Dirty Dancing (2017). She is currently a judge on the Fox musical competition show The Masked Singer.\nThroughout her career, she has sold over 16 million records as an artist, and more than 54 million records with The Pussycat Dolls. Her other ventures include clothing lines, a fragrance and service as an ambassador for the Special Olympics and supporter of UNICEF UK.\n\n", "Q101513": "Clara Nordstr\u00f6m, maiden name and pseudonym for Clara Elisabet von Vegesack, (January 18, 1886 in Karlskrona, Sweden \u2013 February 7, 1962 in Mindelheim, West Germany) was a German writer and translator of Swedish descent. With the themes of her writing and her Swedish maiden name she profited from the German interest for Scandinavian writers.\nBorn the daughter of a physician and a peasant woman in Karlskrona and brought up in V\u00e4xj\u00f6 (Sweden), she was bed-ridden owing to illness up to her twelfth year. It was only after that, from about 1897, that she started to frequent various private schools in V\u00e4xj\u00f6. In 1903, she went to Hildesheim (Germany) and shortly afterwards to Braunschweig (Germany) in order to learn the German language. On April 17, 1905 she married, in V\u00e4xj\u00f6, the son of her teacher, 15 years her senior, and in 1906 gave birth to their son Gustav Adolf. She got divorced in 1909 after she had been left by her husband. Nordstr\u00f6m returned to V\u00e4xj\u00f6 for a short time and in the same year moved to Berlin to become a photographer. After three years of instruction and practical training, she had to give up her profession for health reasons. In 1912 she went to Munich to become a writer. It was there that in 1914 she met Siegfried von Vegesack, whom she married on February 16 in Stockholm.\nIn 1916 she moved with her husband to Berlin, where in April 1917 her daughter Isabel was born (who died in 2005). Because of an ailment of Siegfried von Vegesack\u2019s, the family in 1917 moved to a farm near Dingolfing and later to Gro\u00dfwalding near Deggendorf. In 1918 they acquired a corn tower near Regen, which they refurbished into a residential tower. In 1920 Karin their second daughter was born but died only a few days later. In 1923 their son Gotthard was born, to be killed in action in the Second World War in 1944. In the same year Nordstr\u00f6m published her first novel \"Tomtelilla\" both in Germany and in Sweden. With her mother\u2019s death an important source of income had run dry. Therefore, Nordstr\u00f6m opened up, in the tower, a place for artists and writers to live. In these years the couple started gradually to grow apart. In 1929 the family moved to Switzerland. Shortly afterwards Clara Nordstr\u00f6m moved with her children to Stuttgart and got a divorce in 1935 at Vegesack\u2019s wish. In that year she started to read from her works all over Germany.\nFrom her German base, she also wrote articles in the Swedish Nazi press. In 1936 she returned for a short period to the residential tower in Wei\u00dfenstein near Regen and in 1938/39 she built a house in Baiersbronn in the Black Forest. In 1944 she was called to K\u00f6nigsberg to read from her texts for the radio station run by the German Propagandaministerium transmitting in Swedish, but in 1944 had to flee to Hamburg.\nThroughout her life she again and again had to struggle with severe ailments and therefore intensely questioned her faith, which is what the characters in her books do. In 1948 she converted from Protestantism to Catholicism. Round about 1950 she again moved to Stuttgart and took orders (\"Oblatin\" of St. Benedict) in the convent of Neresheim. In 1952 she settled in Die\u00dfen on Lake Ammersee to be able to read from her works in Bavaria. She died in 1962 and was buried in Mindelheim.", "Q366524": "Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0438\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0432; Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u044b\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0432, romanized: Nikolaj Ivanovi\u010d Ry\u017ekov; born 28 September 1929) is a former Soviet official who became a Russian politician following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He served as the last Chairman of the Council of Ministers (the post was abolished and replaced by that of Prime Minister in 1991). Responsible for the cultural and economic administration of the Soviet Union during the late Gorbachev Era, Ryzhkov was succeeded as premier by Valentin Pavlov in 1991. The same year, he lost his seat on the Presidential Council, going on to become Boris Yeltsin's leading opponent in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) 1991 presidential election.\nRyzhkov was born in the city of Shcherbynivka, Ukrainian SSR (now Toretsk, Ukraine) in 1929. After graduating in the 1950s he started work in the 1970s and began his political career in local industry, working his way up through the hierarchy of Soviet industrial ministries. In 1979 Ryzhkov was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the State Planning Committee. Following Nikolai Tikhonov's resignation as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, Ryzhkov was voted into office in his place. During his tenure, he supported Mikhail Gorbachev's 1980s reform of the Soviet economy.\nElected to the State Duma of the Russian Federation in December 1995 as an independent, Ryzhkov subsequently led the Power to the People block, later becoming the formal leader of the People's Patriotic Union of Russia alongside Gennady Zyuganov, who was an unofficial leader. On 17 September 2003, he resigned his seat in the Duma and became a member of the Federation Council. Due to the Crimean crisis, he was sanctioned by Canada and the United States on March 17, 2014.", "Q563607": "Frederick Richard Simms (12 August 1863 \u2013 22 April 1944) was a British mechanical engineer, businessman, prolific inventor and motor industry pioneer. Simms coined the words \"petrol\" and \"motorcar\". He founded the Royal Automobile Club, and the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders.", "Q929393": "Pascal Canfin (born in Arras, 22 August 1974) is a French politician of La R\u00e9publique en marche (LREM) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament (EUP) since 2019. In the 2019 elections for the UE Parliament, he was elected in the list of Renew Europe group and serves as chair of the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety Committee; following his initiative, the European Parliament declares in December 2019 a \"climate state of emergency\"\nCanfin was formerly the head of the French section of WWF until 25 March 2019, and Minister for Development under the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Ayrault Cabinet. Canfin previously served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2009 to 2012.\nFrom July 2014 to December 2015, Canfin was the Senior Advisor on Climate at World Resources Institute (WRI), ranked the most influential think tank in the world on environmental issues, on the preparation of the International climate summit to be held in Paris in December 2015 (COP21). For this matter, he also co-chaired with Alain Grandjean the Commission for innovative financing for climate, mandated by the President of the French Republic.", "Q2913982": "Trap is a sub-genre of hip hop music that originated in the Southern United States during the late 1990s. The genre gets its name from the Atlanta slang word \"trap\", which refers to a place in which drugs are sold illegally. Trap music uses synthesized drums and is characterized by complex hi-hat patterns, tuned kick drums with a long decay (originally from the Roland TR-808 drum machine), atmospheric synths, and an often melancholy or dark ambience and lyrical content. Pioneers of the genre include producers Mannie Fresh, Shawty Redd, and Toomp, along with rappers Young Jeezy, Drama, and T.I. (who coined the term with his 2003 album Trap Muzik). However, the modern trap sound was popularized by producer Lex Luger, who produced the influential Waka Flocka Flame album Flockaveli in 2010 and cofounded the prolific hip hop production team 808 Mafia.\nSince crossing over into the mainstream in the 2010s, trap has become one of the most popular forms of American music, consistently dominating the Billboard Hot 100 throughout the decade, with artists such as Drake, Cardi B, Migos, Future, Lil Uzi Vert, 2 Chainz, Kendrick Lamar, Post Malone, XXXTentacion, and Travis Scott (among many others) all achieving No. 1s on the chart with songs that belong to the trap sub-genre. It has influenced the music of many pop artists, such as Ariana Grande, Beyonc\u00e9, Miley Cyrus, Rihanna, and Selena Gomez. Its influence can also be heard in reggaeton and K-pop. In 2018, hip-hop became the most popular form of music for the first time ever (according to Nielsen Data), coinciding with trap's continued rise in popularity. In 2019, the trap-inspired country/rap crossover \"Old Town Road\" by Lil Nas X (featuring Billy Ray Cyrus) broke the record for spending the most weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.\n\n", "Q3271342": "Joseph L\u00e9on Talabot (5 February 1796 \u2013 23 September 1863) was a French engineer, iron master and politician. \nHe advocated protectionist policies to maintain the prices of iron and steel. He was the founder of the Denain-Anzin steelworks.", "Q87954": "Georg Friedrich Wreede or Georgius Fredericius Wreede (died on 29 February 1672) was governor of Dutch Mauritius from 1665 to 1672, with a break between 1668-1669.\nWreede was born around 1635 in Uetze near Hannover, in Germany. In 1659 he arrived at Cape of Good Hope as an employee of the Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, commonly abbreviated to VOC). He had been a student in Philology in Helmstedt and within four years of his arrival he had written a compendium using the Greek alphabet on Khoekhoegowab \u2013 then called Hottentot \u2013 consisting of sentences with Dutch translations. The \"list\" was sent to Amsterdam, but never published and has disappeared. Possibly it was sent to Hiob Ludolf, who was a famous linguist, and in contact with Nicolaes Witsen. Christian Juncker published Ludolf's biography with a list of Hottentots-Latin words.In 1660 he took part in an expedition to the Olifants River. In February 1665 he was sent by Zacharias Wagenaer on an expedition to look if Martin Vaz could be used by ships, and returned in May with charts. The Pimpel went on to Mauritius and Wreede was appointed by the captain as the new governor. For three months the twelve men on the island had been without rice or brandy. In October 1668, the captain of the visiting Poelsnip using his discretion relieved Wreede of his duty following formal complaints by his men, and removed him from the island to be held accountable to the VOC for his actions. Dirk Jansz Smient was appointed to replace him.\nWreede was sent to Saldanha Bay where the French East India Company had planned a base, after leaving Madagascar. On 6 June 1669 Georg Wreede took command of the post and brought with him a carpenter. They erected a VOC monogram on each of the five islands in Saldanha Bay. A month later Wreede was transferred. In October 1669 he was back on the island Mauritius.Wreede drowned in 1672 while sailing intoxicated. He was eventually replaced by Hubert Hugo.\nIn 1688 Olfert Dapper probably used Wreede's observations but did not mention his source.", "Q159778": "Michelle Marie Pfeiffer (; born April 29, 1958) is an American actress and producer. She has received many accolades, including a Golden Globe Award, and three nominations for Academy Award.\nPfeiffer began to pursue an acting career in 1978 and had her first leading role in the musical film Grease 2 (1982). Frustrated with being typecast as the token pretty girl, she actively pursued more serious material and had her breakthrough role as gangster moll Elvira Hancock in the crime film Scarface (1983). Further success came with leading roles in the fantasy feature The Witches of Eastwick (1987) and the comedy Married to the Mob (1988). Her roles in Dangerous Liaisons (1988) and The Fabulous Baker Boys (1989) garnered her two consecutive Academy Award nominations, for Best Supporting Actress and Best Actress, respectively; her portrayal of lounge singer Susie Diamond in the latter is one of the most acclaimed of her career.\nPfeiffer went on to star as Catwoman / Selina Kyle in Tim Burton's superhero film Batman Returns (1992), following which she won the Silver Bear for Best Actress and earned a third Academy Award nomination for playing a troubled housewife in Love Field (1992). She continued to gain praise for her performances in the dramas The Age of Innocence (1993) and White Oleander (2002), and the horror films Wolf (1994) and What Lies Beneath (2000). During this time, she also produced a series of films under her production company Via Rosa Productions. After a hiatus from acting in 2002, she returned with the musical Hairspray (2007). She received her first Emmy Award nomination for portraying Ruth Madoff in the HBO television film The Wizard of Lies (2017), she went on to feature in the ensemble films Murder on the Orient Express (2017) and debuted to the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Janet Van Dyne starting Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018).", "Q360155": "William Lloyd Garrison (December 10, 1805 \u2013 May 24, 1879),\nwho signed and printed his name Wm. Lloyd Garrison, was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer. He is best known for his widely-read anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator, which he founded in 1831 and published in Boston until slavery in the United States was abolished by Constitutional amendment in 1865. He was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society, and promoted immediate, as opposed to gradual, emancipation of slaves in the United States.\n\"The source of Garrison's power was the Bible. From his earliest days he read the Bible constantly, and prayed constantly. It was with this fire that he started his conflagration. ...So also, a prejudice against all fixed forms of worship, against the authority of human government, against every binding of the spirit into conformity with human law, \u2014 all these things grew up in Garrison's mind out of his Bible reading.\"Garrison was not an abolitionist who became a publisher, but a printer who became an abolitionist. Garrison was a typesetter and could run a printing shop; he wrote his editorials in The Liberator while setting them in type, without first writing them out on paper. This helped assure the viability of The Liberator, and also that it contained exactly what Garrison wanted, as he did not have to deal with any outsiders to produce his paper, except his partner Knapp, with whom he eventually had a falling-out. Like the other major abolitionist printer-publisher, the martyred Elijah Lovejoy, a price was on his head; he was burned in effigy and a gallows was erected in front of his Boston office. and while he was relatively safe in Boston, at one point he had to be smuggled onto a ship to escape to England, where he remained for a year. \n\nFrom the day Garrison established the Liberator he was the strongest man in America. He was affected in his thought by no one. What he was thinking, all men were destined to think. ...His power of arousing uncontrollable disgust was a gift, like magic; and he seems to sail upon it as a demon upon the wind. Not Andrew Jackson, nor John Quincy Adams, nor Webster, nor Clay, nor Benton, nor Calhoun, who dance like shadows about his machine, but William Lloyd Garrison becomes the central figure in American life. ...He vitalized and permanently changed this nation as much as one man ever did the same for any nation in the history of the world.\nGarrison also emerged as a leading advocate of women's rights, which prompted a split in the abolitionist community. In the 1870s, Garrison became a prominent voice for the women's suffrage movement.\n\n", "Q213811": "Walter Reisch (May 23, 1903 \u2013 March 28, 1983) was an Austrian-born director and screenwriter. He also wrote lyrics to several songs featured in his films, one popular title is \"Flieger, gr\u00fc\u00df mir die Sonne\". He was married to the dancer and actress Poldi Dur and was the cousin of Georg Kreisler.", "Q274652": "\u00c9lie Hoarau (born July 8, 1938 in Sainte-Suzanne, R\u00e9union) is a Reunionese politician and member of the Communist Party of R\u00e9union. He is the husband of Senator G\u00e9lita Hoarau.\nHoarau was elected as a member of the National Assembly of France from 1986 to 1987, 1988 to 1993, and from 1997 to 2001. He served as mayor of Saint-Pierre, R\u00e9union between 1982 and 2001.\nHe had to resign, after being sentenced on July 6, 2000, to 1 year imprisonment with suspended sentence and 50.000 FRF (7500 \u20ac) fine because of Electoral fraud.Hoarau has served as Secretary General of the Communist Party of R\u00e9union since 1993.In 2009, Hoarau was elected as a member of the European Parliament for the DOM-TOM constituency in the 2009 European elections. He resigned in December 2011, and was substituted by Younous Omarjee.", "Q117371": "Aristides de Sousa Mendes do Amaral e Abranches (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0250\u027ei\u0283\u02c8ti\u00f0\u0268\u0292 \u00f0\u0268 \u02c8sowz\u0250 \u02c8m\u1ebdd\u0268\u0283]) GCC, OL (July 19, 1885 \u2013 April 3, 1954) was a Portuguese consul during World War II.\nAs the Portuguese consul-general in the French city of Bordeaux, he defied the orders of Ant\u00f3nio de Oliveira Salazar's Estado Novo regime, issuing visas and passports to an undetermined number of refugees fleeing Nazi Germany, including Jews. For this, Sousa Mendes was punished by the Salazar regime with one year of inactivity with the right to one half of his rank's pay, being obliged subsequently to be retired. However he ended up never being forced to retire and he received a full consul salary until his death in 1954. Sousa Mendes was vindicated in 1988, more than a decade after the Carnation Revolution, which toppled the Estado Novo.\nFor his efforts to save Jewish refugees, Sousa Mendes was recognized by Israel as one of the Righteous Among the Nations, the first diplomat to be so honored, in 1966.", "Q166588": "Red Sorghum is a 1987 Chinese film about a young woman's life working on a distillery for sorghum liquor. It is based on the novel Red Sorghum Clan by Nobel laureate Mo Yan.\nThe film marked the directorial debut of internationally acclaimed filmmaker Zhang Yimou, and the acting debut of film star Gong Li. With its lush and lusty portrayal of peasant life, it immediately vaulted Zhang to the forefront of the Fifth Generation directors. The film won the Golden Bear Award at Berlin Film Festival.", "Q64417": "Anja Silja Regina Langwagen (pronounced [\u02c8anja \u02c8z\u026alja], born April 17, 1940 in Berlin) is a German soprano who is known for her great abilities as a singing-actress and for the vastness of her repertoire.\n\n", "Q2846767": "Andrew Watson (24 May 1856 \u2013 8 March 1921) is widely considered to be the world's first black person to play association football at international level. He played three matches for Scotland between 1881 and 1882. Arthur Wharton was commonly thought to be Britain's first black player, as he was the first black professional footballer and the first to play in the Football League, but Watson's career predated him by over a decade.", "Q661916": "Nyugat (Hungarian for West; pronounced similar to New-Gut), was an important Hungarian literary journal in the first half of the 20th century. Writers and poets from that era are referred to as \"1st/2nd/3rd generation of the NYUGAT\".", "Q96859": "Karl Abraham Freiherr von Zedlitz und Leipe (January 4, 1731 \u2013 March 18, 1793) was a Prussian minister of education who was instrumental in establishing mandatory education in Prussia, which served as a model for the public education system in the United States.", "Q886202": "James Benton Grant (January 2, 1848 \u2013 November 1, 1911) was an American mining engineer, Confederate soldier, and the third Governor of Colorado from 1883 to 1885. He was born in Russell County, Alabama and died in Excelsior Springs, Missouri.During the outbreak of the American Civil War, he enlisted as a private in the 20th Alabama Light Artillery regiment in the Confederate Army. He attended what is now Iowa State University for two years and then Cornell University from 1873\u20131874 before he moved to the Freiberg School of Mines in Germany, where he studied metallurgy. He was also the first Democratic governor of Colorado.", "Q232161": "One Day is a 2011 British-American romantic tragedy film directed by Lone Scherfig, and starring Anne Hathaway and Jim Sturgess. It was adapted by David Nicholls from his 2009 novel of the same name. Focus Features released the film theatrically in August 2011. \n\n", "Q192409": "Down by Law is a 1986 black-and-white independent film written and directed by Jim Jarmusch and starring Tom Waits, John Lurie, and Roberto Benigni.\nThe film centers on the arrest, incarceration, and escape from jail of three men. It discards jailbreak film conventions by focusing on the interaction between the convicts rather than on the mechanics of the escape. A key element in the film is Robby M\u00fcller's slow-moving camerawork, which captures the architecture of New Orleans and the Louisiana bayou to which the cellmates escape.", "Q118724": "Gabriele Krone-Schmalz (born 8 November 1949 in Lam, District of Cham, Bavaria) is a German broadcast journalist and author.\n\n", "Q160847": "Hideki Tojo (December 30, 1884 \u2013 December 23, 1948) was a Japanese politician and general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) who served as Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association for the majority of World War II. Before becoming Japan's head of government, Tojo was among the most outspoken proponents for preventive war against the United States during deliberations leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Upon becoming Prime Minister in October 17, 1941, he presided over the conquest of much of the West's territories in Asia and the Pacific until the defeat of Japanese forces at Midway and Guadalcanal. During his years in power, he also oversaw the perpetration of numerous war crimes including the systematic massacre and starvation of civilians and prisoners of war. As the war's tide increasingly turned against Japan, Tojo was forced to resign as Prime Minister on July 22, 1944. After Japan's surrender in September 1945, Tojo was arrested, convicted by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, sentenced to death, and hanged on December 23, 1948.", "Q291806": "Chantal Sophia \"Tessa\" Dahl (born 11 April 1957) is an English author and former actress. She is the daughter of British author Roald Dahl and American actress Patricia Neal.", "Q1397914": "Fat Possum Records is an American independent record label based in Water Valley and Oxford, Mississippi. At first Fat Possum focused almost entirely on recording previously unknown Mississippi blues artists (typically from Oxford or Holly Springs, Mississippi). Recently, Fat Possum has signed younger rock acts to its roster. The label has been featured in The New York Times, New Yorker, The Observer, a Sundance Channel production, features on NPR, and a 2004 documentary, You See Me Laughin. Fat Possum also distributes the Hi Records catalog.", "Q339746": "Don Riddell (born 7 September 1972) is an English news anchor and sports journalist. He is currently one of four London-based anchors of CNN's World Sport and hosts CNN's Living Golf.", "Q74162": "Jan Christian Ehler (born 17 August 1963) is a German politician who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2004. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.", "Q62700": "Ernst Loof (4 July 1907 in Neindorf near Oschersleben \u2013 3 March 1956 in Bonn) was an automotive engineer and racing driver from Germany. He contributed to the design of the BMW 328 sports car in the late 1930s.", "Q1000408": "Larry Augustin (born October 10, 1962) is the chairman of the board of directors of SugarCRM. He is a former venture capitalist and the founder of VA Software (now Geeknet). During the height of the dot-com bubble, Augustin was a billionaire on paper at the age of 38.\nAugustin is featured in the 2001 documentary film Revolution OS.", "Q183504": "Indie rock is a genre of rock music that originated in the United States and United Kingdom in the 1970s. Originally used to describe independent record labels, the term became associated with the music they produced and was initially used interchangeably with alternative rock. As grunge and punk revival bands in the US and Britpop bands in the UK broke into the mainstream in the 1990s, it came to be used to identify those acts that retained an outsider and underground perspective. In the 2000s, as a result of changes in the music industry and the growing importance of the Internet, some indie rock acts began to enjoy commercial success, leading to questions about its meaningfulness as a term.\nSometimes used interchangeably with \"guitar pop rock\", in the mid-1980s, the term \"indie\" (or \"indie pop\") began to be used to describe the music produced on punk and post-punk labels. Some prominent indie rock record labels were founded during the 1980s. During the 1990s, grunge bands broke into the mainstream, and the term \"alternative\" lost its original counter-cultural meaning. The term \"indie rock\" became associated with the bands and genres that remained dedicated to their independent status. By the end of the 1990s, indie rock developed several subgenres and related styles, including lo-fi, noise pop, emo, slowcore, post-rock, and math rock. In the 2000s, changes in the music industry and in music technology enabled a new wave of indie rock bands to achieve mainstream success.In the early 2000s, a new group of bands that played a stripped-down, back-to-basics version of guitar rock emerged into the mainstream. The commercial breakthrough from these scenes was led by four bands: The Strokes, The White Stripes, The Hives and The Vines. Emo also broke into mainstream culture in the early 2000s. By the end of the decade, the proliferation of indie bands was being referred to as \"indie landfill\".", "Q157033": "The Goethe-Institut (German: [\u02c8\u0261\u00f8\u02d0t\u0259 \u0294\u026ansti\u02cctu\u02d0t], GI, \"English: Goethe Institute\") is a non-profit German cultural association operational worldwide with 159 institutes, promoting the study of the German language abroad and encouraging international cultural exchange and relations. Around 246,000 people take part in these German courses per year.\nThe Goethe-Institut fosters knowledge about Germany by providing information on German culture, society and politics. This includes the exchange of films, music, theatre, and literature. Goethe cultural societies, reading rooms, and exam and language centers have played a role in the cultural and educational policies of Germany for more than 60 years.It is named after German poet and statesman Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The Goethe-Institut e.V. is autonomous and politically independent.Partners of the institute and its centers are public and private cultural institutions, the federal states, local authorities and the world of commerce. Much of the Goethe-Institut's overall budget consists of yearly grants from the German Foreign Office and the German Press Office. The relationship with the Foreign Office is governed by general agreement. Self-generated income and contributions from sponsors and patrons, partners and friends broaden the scope of the work of the Goethe-Institut.\n\n1952: The first Goethe-Institut opens in Athens.\n1953: The first language courses run by the Goethe-Institut began in Bad Reichenhall. Due to growing demand, new centres of learning were opened in Murnau and Kochel, the focus of selection being on towns which were small and idyllic and which showed post-war Germany at its best. Lessons were taught from the first textbook developed by the Goethe-Institut, the now legendary \"Schulz-Griesbach\".\n1953\u201355: The first foreign lectureships of what was the German Academy were taken on by the Goethe-Institut. Responsibilities include German tuition, teacher training and providing a program of cultural events to accompany courses.\n1959\u201360: On the initiative of the head of the arts sector of the Foreign Office, Dieter Sattler, the Goethe-Institut gradually took over all of the German cultural institutes abroad.\n1968: Influenced by the student revolts of the late 1960s the Goethe-Institut readjusted its program of cultural events to include socio-political topics and avant-garde art.\n1970: Acting on behalf of the Foreign Office, Ralf Dahrendorf developed his \"guiding principles for foreign cultural policy\". Cultural work involving dialog and partnership was declared the third pillar of German foreign policy. During the Willy Brandt era, the concept of \"extended culture\" formed the basis of activities at the Goethe-Institut.\n1976: The Foreign Office and the Goethe-Institut signed a general agreement governing the status of the Goethe-Institut, henceforth an independent cultural organization.\n1980: A new concept regarding the location of institutes within Germany was drawn up. Places of instruction in small towns, mostly in Bavaria, were replaced by institutes in cities and university towns.\n1989/90: The fall of the Berlin Wall marked a turning point for the Goethe-Institut. Its activities in the 1990s were centred on Eastern Europe. Numerous new institutes were set up as a result.\n2001: The Goethe-Institut merges with Inter Nationes.\n2004: The Goethe-Institut established the first Western information centre in Pyongyang, North Korea (closed in 2009). The Goethe-Institut Inter Nationes also reverted to its original and official name, Goethe-Institut (GI).\n2005: The Goethe-Institut was honored with the Prince-of-Asturias Prize of Spain.\n2007: For the first time in more than ten years, the German parliament increased the funds of the Goethe-Institut.\n2010: Bruno Bozzetto created a new Goethe-Institut film named \"Va Bene\".\n2014: A Myanmar Goethe-Institut opens", "Q318788": "Judgment in Berlin is a 1988 American drama film directed and written by Leo Penn, produced by Joshua Sinclair, who also co-wrote the film and acted in it, and Ingrid Windisch and starring Martin Sheen, Sam Wanamaker and Sean Penn, the director's son. It is based on the book Judgment in Berlin by Herbert J. Stern.\nIt was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin and on location around the city.", "Q72513": "Karl Friedrich Rapp (24 September 1882 in Ehingen (Danube) \u2013 26 May 1962 in Locarno) was a German founder and owner of the Rapp Motorenwerke GmbH in Munich. In time this company became BMW AG. He is acknowledged by BMW AG as an indirect founder of the company.", "Q545818": "Franti\u0161ek Ladislav \u010celakovsk\u00fd (7 March 1799 in Strakonice \u2013 5 August 1852 in Prague) was a Czech writer and translator.", "Q147220": "Yuan Mei (Chinese: \u8881\u679a; pinyin: Yu\u00e1n M\u00e9i; 1716\u20131797) was a Chinese painter and poet of the Qing Dynasty. He was often mentioned with Ji Yun as the \"Nan Yuan Bei Ji\" (Chinese: \u5357\u8881\u5317\u7d00; literally: 'Yuan of the south and Ji of the north').", "Q511291": "The Royal Academy of Art (KABK, Dutch: Koninklijke Academie van Beeldende Kunsten) is a renowned art and design academy in The Hague. Succeeding the Haagsche Teeken-Academie (part of the Confrerie Pictura), the academy was founded on 29 September 1682, making it the oldest in the Netherlands and one of the oldest in the world. The academy has been the training ground for a number of significant artists of the Hague School. It was part of the art movement of Dutch Impressionism and in the immediate vicinity of the II. Golden Age of Dutch painting. In the 19th century, however, training was still strongly oriented towards the classic curriculum. At the end of the 19th century, the academy had opened to Modernism, too.", "Q94928": "Appleton is a city in Outagamie (mostly), Calumet, and Winnebago counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. One of the Fox Cities, it is situated on the Fox River, 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Green Bay and 100 miles (160 km) north of Milwaukee. Appleton is the county seat of Outagamie County. The population was 72,623 at the 2010 census. Of this figure, 60,045 resided in Outagamie County, 11,088 in Calumet County, and 1,490 in Winnebago County. Appleton is the principal city of the Appleton, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah Combined Statistical Area, the third largest in the state behind Milwaukee and Madison. \nAppleton serves as the heart of the Fox River Valley, and is home to the Fox Cities Exhibition Center, Fox Cities Performing Arts Center, Fox River Mall, Neuroscience Group Field at Fox Cities Stadium, Appleton International Airport, and the Valley's two major hospitals: St. Elizabeth Hospital and ThedaCare Regional Medical Center\u2013Appleton (better known as \"Appleton Medical Center\"). It also hosts many regional events such as its Flag Day parade, Memorial Day parade, Christmas parade, Octoberfest, Mile of Music, and others.", "Q1075097": "Akira Yamanaka (\u5c71\u4e2d \u660e, Yamanaka Akira, September 2, 1946 \u2013 August 7, 2011), better known as Joe Yamanaka (\u30b8\u30e7\u30fc\u5c71\u4e2d), was a Japanese singer and actor. He is known for both his work with Flower Travellin' Band and as a solo musician; singing at a vocal range of three octaves. As an actor, he appeared in many television shows and movies, such as Takashi Miike's Deadly Outlaw: Rekka and the 1989 version of Zatoichi.He is also recognized for 20 years of charity and volunteer work with the Japan International Cooperation Agency and flew around the world helping those in poor or war-torn conditions; visiting more than 30 countries including Afghanistan, Myanmar, Bosnia, numerous sovereign states in Africa, China, Ukraine (including Chernobyl), North Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, and Brazil. While doing aid work in Jamaica, he met local musicians and later became involved in reggae music. His aid work was a personal inspiration to help those who were growing up in similar conditions that he had experienced as a child.", "Q435455": "Katherine \"Scottie\" MacGregor (born Dorlee Deane McGregor; January 12, 1925 \u2013 November 14, 2018) was an American actress, best known for her role as Harriet Oleson in Little House on the Prairie.", "Q2880132": "Niccol\u00f2 Cabeo (February 26, 1586 \u2013 June 30, 1650), also known as Nicolaus Cabeus, was an Italian Jesuit philosopher, theologian, engineer and mathematician.", "Q706999": "Feodor Vasilyevich Gladkov (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432) June 21 [O.S. June 9] 1883 \u2013 December 20, 1958) was a Soviet Socialist realist writer. Gladkov joined a Communist group in 1904, and in 1905 went to Tiflis (now Tbilisi) and was arrested there for revolutionary activities. He was sentenced to three years' exile. He then moved to Novorossiisk. Among other positions, he served as the editor of the newspaper Krasnoye Chernomorye, secretary of the journal Novy Mir, special correspondent for Izvestiya, and director of the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow from 1945 to 1948. He received the Stalin Prize (in 1949) for his literary accomplishments, and is considered a classic writer of Soviet Socialist Realist literature.", "Q76775": "August Friedrich Kellner (1 February 1885 \u2013 4 November 1970) was a mid-level official in Germany who worked as a justice inspector in Mainz and Laubach. During the First World War, Kellner was an infantryman in a Hessian regiment. After the war he became a political organizer for the Social Democratic Party of Germany, which was the leading political party during the time of the turbulent and short-lived Weimar Republic, Germany's first period of democracy. Kellner and his wife, Pauline, campaigned together as Social Democrats against Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. During World War II, working as a civil servant at a small court house, he wrote a diary to record his observations of the Nazi regime. Based on conversations and attentive reading of newspapers, he described the various crimes of that regime. He titled his work Mein Widerstand, meaning \"My Opposition\". After the war Kellner served on denazification boards, and he also helped to reestablish the Social Democratic Party. He gave his diary to his American grandson in 1968 to translate into English and to bring it to the attention of the public. In the epilogue, the author's grandson Robert Scott Kellner tells how the diary came to be published: German publishers were not interested until in 2005 it was reported in Der Spiegel that former US President George H. W. Bush had looked at Kellner's original notebooks in the George Bush Presidential Library at Texas A&M University. He explained his purpose for writing the diary:\n\n\"I could not fight the Nazis in the present, as they had the power to still my voice, so I decided to fight them in the future. I would give the coming generations a weapon against any resurgence of such evil. My eyewitness account would record the barbarous acts, and also show the way to stop them.\"The diary was published in its original language in 2011 and in English in 2018.", "Q105013": "Frederick William I (German: Friedrich Wilhelm I.; 14 August 1688 \u2013 31 May 1740), known as the \"Soldier King\" (German: Soldatenk\u00f6nig), was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740, as well as Prince of Neuch\u00e2tel. He was succeeded by his son, Frederick the Great.", "Q85825": "Werner Hoyer (born 17 November 1951 in Wuppertal) is a German politician of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany (FDP), currently serving as the President of the European Investment Bank.", "Q113671": "Luman Hamlin Weller (August 24, 1833 \u2013 March 2, 1914) was a United States Greenback Party member. In the 1880s, he served a single term in the United States House of Representatives as a representative of Iowa's 4th congressional district, then in rural northeastern Iowa. Once elected, he became nationally known as \"Calamity\" Weller, and did not survive his next election. He later went on to become one of the leading Populists in Iowa.", "Q828099": "The Civic Democratic Party (Czech: Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 demokratick\u00e1 strana, ODS) is a liberal-conservative eurosceptic political party in the Czech Republic. It holds 25 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, and is the second strongest party following the 2017 election.\nFounded in 1991 as the pro-free market wing of the Civic Forum by V\u00e1clav Klaus and modelled on the British Conservative Party, the ODS won the 1992 legislative election, and has remained in government for most of the Czech Republic's independence. In every legislative (except for the 2013 election) it emerged as one of the two strongest parties. V\u00e1clav Klaus served as the first Prime Minister of the Czech Republic after the partition of Czechoslovakia, from 1993 to 1997. Mirek Topol\u00e1nek, who succeeded him as leader of the party in December 2002, served as Prime Minister from 2006 to 2009. In the 2010 election, the party lost 28 seats, finishing second, but as the largest party right of the centre, it formed a centre-right government with Petr Ne\u010das as Prime Minister. In the 2013 legislative election, the party was marginalized by only securing 16 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, relegating the party to the opposition since July 2013. In the 2017 legislative election, it has partly recovered and secured 25 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, making it the second strongest party in chamber. The party is currently being led by Petr Fiala, who has been leader since the 2014 party convention.\nThe ODS is a member of the International Democratic Union, and co-founded together with the British Conservatives the eurosceptic European Conservatives and Reformists Party (ECR Party) and the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR group) in the European Parliament.", "Q1320006": "Leland Jones Orser (born 1960/1961) is an American actor. Orser has appeared in various roles in a wide variety of films and television series, including Chief of Surgery Dr. Lucien Dubenko on the television series ER.", "Q191100": "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen is a 2009 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay and based on the Transformers toy line. It is the sequel to 2007's Transformers, as well as the second installment in the live-action Transformers film series. Taking place two years after the first film, the story revolves around Sam Witwicky (Shia LaBeouf), who is caught in the war between the Autobots, led by Optimus Prime (Peter Cullen) and the Decepticons, led by Megatron (Hugo Weaving). Sam begins having strange visions of Cybertronian symbols, and is being hunted by the Decepticons under the orders of an ancient Decepticon named The Fallen, who seeks to get revenge on Earth by finding and activating a machine that would provide the Decepticons with an energon source, destroying the Sun and all life on Earth in the process. Returning Transformers include Optimus Prime, Bumblebee, Ironhide, Ratchet, Megatron, Starscream, and Scorponok.\nWith deadlines jeopardized by possible strikes by the Directors Guild of America and the Screen Actors Guild, Bay managed to finish the production on time with the help of previsualization and a scriptment by his writers Roberto Orci, Alex Kurtzman, and series newcomer Ehren Kruger. Shooting took place between May and September 2008, with locations in Egypt, Jordan, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and California, as well as air bases in New Mexico and Arizona. It is the last film in the series to star Megan Fox, and is also the last film in the series to be co-produced by DreamWorks Pictures, leaving Paramount Pictures as the sole distributor of its future sequels, starting with Dark of the Moon.\nRevenge of the Fallen premiered on June 8, 2009 in Tokyo and was released on June 24, 2009 in the United States. Critical reception was negative, with critics considering it to be inferior to the first film. Critics panned the film's plot, script, rude humor, characters, performances, and runtime, while praising the visual effects, action scenes, score, and the performances of Peter Cullen and Hugo Weaving. The film won three Golden Raspberry Awards at the 30th Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony and became the highest-grossing film to win the Worst Picture award. The film surpassed its predecessor at the box office, grossing a total of $402.1 million in the US and Canada and $434.2 million in other territories, for a total of $836.3 million worldwide, making it the 37th highest-grossing domestic film and fourth-highest of the year worldwide. With over 11 million home media sales in 2009, it was also the top-selling film of the year in the United States. It was followed by Dark of the Moon in 2011.", "Q706741": "Dimitar Janakiew Inkiow (Bulgarian: \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u042f\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u0418\u043d\u043a\u044c\u043e\u0432; Haskovo October 10, 1932 \u2013 Munich, September 24, 2006) was a Bulgarian writer.\nHe studied mining engineering and later in Sofia's Drama Academy, where he was graduated as drama director. He wrote several theatrical plays before having to leave the country in 1965 for problems he had with the government. He moved to Germany (Munich) until 1991 and was script writer for Radio freies Europa (Radio Free Europe) in Munich.\nHe wrote more than 100 books which have been translated to more than 25 languages, like his famous saga \"Ich und meine Schwester Klara\" (\"My Sister Claire and Me\")", "Q313805": "Alfred Deakin (3 August 1856 \u2013 7 October 1919) was an Australian politician who served as the second Prime Minister of Australia, in office for three separate terms \u2013 1903 to 1904, 1905 to 1908, and 1909 to 1910. Prior to entering office he was a leader of the movement for Australian federation.Deakin was born in Melbourne and attended the University of Melbourne before training in the field of law. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in 1879, aged 22, and became a government minister in 1883. He was a major contributor to the establishment of liberal reforms in the colony, including pro-worker industrial reforms, and also played a major part in developing irrigation in Australia.\nThroughout the 1890s Deakin was a participant in conferences of representatives of the Australian colonies that were established to draft a constitution for the proposed federation. He played an important role in ensuring that the draft was liberal and democratic, and in achieving compromises to enable its eventual success. Between conferences he worked to popularise the concept of federation, and campaigned for its acceptance in colonial referenda. He then fought hard to ensure acceptance of the proposed constitution by the Government of the United Kingdom. After Federation, Deakin was Attorney-General in the Barton Government from 1901 to 1903. He was one of the chief architects of the White Australia policy, overseeing the drafting of the Immigration Restriction Act 1901.\nAs Prime Minister, Deakin completed a significant legislative program that makes him, with Labor's Andrew Fisher, the founder of an effective Commonwealth government. He expanded the High Court, supported the allocation of major funding for the purchase of ships leading to the establishment of the Royal Australian Navy as a significant force under the Fisher government, and established Australian control of Papua. Confronted by the rising Australian Labor Party in 1909, he merged his Protectionist Party with Joseph Cook's Anti-Socialist Party to create the Commonwealth Liberal Party (a party known commonly as the Fusion), the main ancestor of the modern Liberal Party of Australia. The Deakin-led Liberal Party government lost to Fisher's Labor at the 1910 election, which was the first time a federal political party had been elected with a majority in either house in Federal Parliament. Deakin resigned from Parliament prior to the 1913 election; Cook won the Liberal Party leadership ballot", "Q263460": "The Dead Pool is a 1988 American action thriller film directed by Buddy Van Horn, written by Steve Sharon, and starring Clint Eastwood as Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan. It is the fifth and final film in the Dirty Harry film series, set in San Francisco, California.\nThe story concerns the manipulation of a dead pool game by a serial killer, whose efforts are confronted by the hardened detective Callahan. It co-stars Liam Neeson and Patricia Clarkson, with Jim Carrey in his first dramatic role.\nIt is the only film in the series to not feature Albert Popwell, an actor who had played a different character in each of the previous four films.\nAt 91 minutes, it is the shortest of the five Dirty Harry films. Like those films, The Dead Pool is notable for coining catchphrases uttered by Clint Eastwood's gun-wielding character, one of which is: \"Opinions are like assholes; everybody has one\".", "Q64359": "Andeer ([\u0250n\u02c8der] ) is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. In 2009 Clugin and Pignia merged into Andeer.", "Q232149": "William John Macquorn Rankine () LLD (5 July 1820 \u2013 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mechanical engineer who also contributed to civil engineering, physics and mathematics. He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), to the science of thermodynamics, particularly focusing on the first of the three thermodynamic laws. He developed the Rankine scale, an equivalent to the Kelvin scale of temperature, but in degrees Fahrenheit rather than Celsius.\nRankine developed a complete theory of the steam engine and indeed of all heat engines. His manuals of engineering science and practice were used for many decades after their publication in the 1850s and 1860s. He published several hundred papers and notes on science and engineering topics, from 1840 onwards, and his interests were extremely varied, including, in his youth, botany, music theory and number theory, and, in his mature years, most major branches of science, mathematics and engineering.\nHe was an enthusiastic amateur singer, pianist and cellist who composed his own humorous songs.", "Q156305": "A-ha (usually stylised as a-ha; Norwegian pronunciation: [\u0251\u02c8h\u0251\u02d0]) is a Norwegian band formed in Oslo in 1982. Founded by Paul Waaktaar-Savoy (guitars), Magne Furuholmen (keyboards, guitars), and Morten Harket (vocals), the band rose to fame during the mid-1980s and continued its global success in the 1990s and the 21st century.\nA-ha achieved their biggest success with their debut album Hunting High and Low in 1985. That album peaked at number one in their native country Norway, number 2 in the UK, and number 15 on the US Billboard album chart; yielded two international number-one singles: \"Take On Me\" and \"The Sun Always Shines on T.V.\"; and earned the band a Grammy Award nomination as Best New Artist. In the UK, Hunting High and Low continued its chart success into the following year, becoming one of the best-selling albums of 1986. The band released studio albums in 1986, 1988, and 1990, with single hits including \"Hunting High and Low\", \"The Living Daylights\", \"Stay on These Roads\", and \"Crying in the Rain\". In 1994, after their fifth studio album, Memorial Beach (1993), failed to achieve the commercial success of their previous albums, the band went on hiatus.Following a performance at the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in 1998, A-ha recorded their sixth album, 2000's Minor Earth Major Sky, which was another number-one album in Norway and Germany. This album was followed by Lifelines (2002); Analogue (2005), which was certified Silver in the UK; and Foot of the Mountain (2009), which was certified Silver in the UK and reached the Top Five 5 in many European countries. On 15 October 2009, the band announced they would split after the 2010 worldwide Ending on a High Note Tour. Thousands of fans from at least 40 different countries on six continents congregated to see A-ha for the last leg of the tour. On 4 December 2014, A-ha officially announced its participation at Rock In Rio 2015, which celebrated 30 years for both the band and the event. In 2015, it was announced that A-ha would re-unite and their tenth studio album, Cast in Steel, was released on 4 September 2015, and the band toured in support of the album.The band has released ten studio albums, several compilations and four live albums. In less than a year, during 2010, the band earned an estimated 500 million Norwegian kroner from concert tickets, merchandise and the release of a greatest hits album, making them one of the 40\u201350 largest-grossing bands in the world. The band were listed in the Guinness World Records book for having the biggest-paying rock concert attendance; they drew an audience of 198,000 at Maracan\u00e3 Stadium during Rock in Rio festival. Another record for the band is for singer Morten Harket, who was (and is still) listed in the Guinness World Records book in 2001 for the longest live note held; he held a note in \"Summer Moved On\" for 20.2 seconds. Their exact sale figures are somewhat controversial; according to their label, Rhino Entertainment, they have sold 55 million records, but other sources assert that they have sold more than 100 million units.", "Q14866": "Kirchheim unter Teck is a town in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, in the district of Esslingen. It is located on the small river Lauter, a tributary of the Neckar. It is 10 km (6 miles) near the Teck castle, approximately 35 kilometres (22 miles) southeast of Stuttgart. It is the fourth city in the Esslingen district, forming a district centre for the surrounding communities.\nSince 1 April 1956, Kirchheim unter Teck has the status of Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt. The city forms a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (administrative community) with the neighbouring municipalities Dettingen and Notzingen. Kirchheim unter Teck was also, for several centuries, seat of the Oberamt (Oa.) Kirchheim.", "Q427079": "Baron Zsigmond Kem\u00e9ny (June 12, 1814 \u2013 December 22, 1875) was a Hungarian author.", "Q171962": "Yochanan Vollach (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05e0\u05df \u05d5\u05d5\u05dc\u05da\u200e, also Jochanan Wallach or Yohanan Wallach, born May 14, 1945) is an Israeli former footballer. He was a member of the Israeli national team that competed at the 1970 FIFA World Cup. He is a member of the Israeli Football Hall of Fame.\nVollach is President of the Maccabi Haifa sports organization, and CEO of the Israeli Chamber of Shipping.", "Q316955": "Michael Dorn (born December 9, 1952) is an American actor and voice actor who is known for his role as the Klingon Worf in the Star Trek franchise.\nFrom his first appearance in the series premiere episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, \"Encounter at Farpoint\", in 1987 to his last in Star Trek: Nemesis in 2002, Dorn has appeared more times as a regular cast member than any other Star Trek actor in the franchise's history, spanning five films and 272 television episodes. He also appeared as Worf's ancestor, Colonel Worf, in the 1991 film Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country.\nFollowing the end of his Star Trek career, Dorn had supporting roles in a number of independent feature films, including Shadow Hours (2000), Lessons for an Assassin (2001), and the Santa Clause trilogy, in which he appeared in a cameo role as the Sandman.", "Q327550": "Klopka (English: The Trap, Serbian: \u041a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430 / Klopka) is a 2007 psychological thriller directed by Srdan Golubovi\u0107, based on the novel of the same name, written by Nenad Teofilovi\u0107.\nThe film is a neo-noir piece that explores the age old question of how far a parent is willing to go to help an ailing child. Simultaneously, it also deals with the issues and challenges faced by the people living in post-Milo\u0161evi\u0107 Serbian society.", "Q65047": "Jakob Sporrenberg (16 September 1902 \u2013 6 December 1952) was a SS-Gruppenf\u00fchrer und Generalleutnant der Polizei in Minsk, Belarus and Lublin, Poland. After the war, Sporrenberg stood trial in Poland and was convicted in 1950 of war crimes and sentenced to death. He was executed in December 1952.", "Q45397": "Jan Graubner (Born August 29, 1948) is the Roman Catholic archbishop of Olomouc, Czech Republic. On 23 June 1973, he was ordained as a priest. On 17 March 1990, he was named auxiliary bishop of Olomouc and titular bishop of Tagaria. The principal consecrator at Graubner's ordination as a bishop on 7 April 1990 was Olomouc's then archbishop, Franti\u0161ek Van\u00e1k. Van\u00e1k died on 14 September 1991, and on 28 September 1992, Graubner was appointed archbishop of Olomouc.", "Q371716": "Gary Evan Crosby (June 27, 1933 \u2013 August 24, 1995) was an American singer and actor. His parents were Bing Crosby, of whom he wrote a highly critical memoir, and the singer and actress Dixie Lee.", "Q770827": "Davit VI redirects here. There was also a Caucasian Albanian Catholicos Davit VI, who ruled from 958 to 965.\nDavid VI Narin (Georgian: \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 VI \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8) (also called the Clever) (1225\u20131293), from the Bagrationi dynasty, was king of Georgia in 1245\u20131293. From 1259 to 1293, he ruled the kingdom of Imereti under the name David I as a vassal state of Georgia.", "Q71032": "Robert Bosch (23 September 1861 \u2013 12 March 1942) was a German industrialist, engineer and inventor, founder of Robert Bosch GmbH.\n\n", "Q102754": "Dr. No is a 1962 spy film directed by Terence Young. It is based on the 1958 novel of the same name by Ian Fleming. Starring Sean Connery, Ursula Andress, Joseph Wiseman, and Jack Lord, it is the first film in the James Bond series, and was adapted by Richard Maibaum, Johanna Harwood, and Berkely Mather. The film was produced by Harry Saltzman and Albert R. Broccoli, a partnership that continued until 1975.\nIn the film, James Bond is sent to Jamaica to investigate the disappearance of a fellow British agent. The trail leads him to the underground base of Dr. No, who is plotting to disrupt an early American space launch from Cape Canaveral with a radio beam weapon. Although it was the first of the Bond books to be made into a film, Dr. No was not the first of Fleming's novels. Casino Royale was the debut for the character; however, the film makes a few references to threads from earlier books. This film makes reference to later books in the series as well, such as the criminal organisation SPECTRE, which was not introduced until the 1961 novel Thunderball.\nProduced on a low budget, Dr. No was a financial success. While the film received a mixed critical reaction upon release, it has gained a reputation over time as one of the series' best instalments. Dr. No also launched a genre of \"secret agent\" films that flourished in the 1960s. The film also spawned a comic book adaptation and soundtrack album as part of its promotion and marketing.\nMany of the iconic aspects of a typical James Bond film were established in Dr. No: the film begins with an introduction to the character through the view of a gun barrel and a highly stylised main title sequence, both of which were created by Maurice Binder. It also established the iconic \"James Bond\" theme music. Production designer Ken Adam established an elaborate visual style that is one of the hallmarks of the film series.", "Q2564167": "The Forest Cemetery (Latvian: R\u012bgas Me\u017ea kapi) is an 85 hectares (210 acres) large cemetery in the northwestern part of Riga, the capital of Latvia, between the neighbourhoods of Me\u017eaparks and \u010ciekurkalns. Formally, the cemetery is divided between 1st Forest Cemetery, with entrance from Aizsaules Street, and 2nd Forest Cemetery, with entrance from Gaujas Street.\nIn 1904, German Lutheran congregations in Riga inquired the Riga City Council for allotment of land for a cemetery in the Me\u017eaparks neighbourhood. It was planned to become a new large cemetery after the Great Cemetery, that was established 1773 in Riga and had exhausted its potential. The prominent Baltic-German landscape architect Georg Kuphaldt was author of the original construction project presented 1908, which should have appeared as a park with a central via funeralis, with many small and lateral paths along the graves with low fences and small monuments. The Forest Cemetery was established 29 July 1910 following a decision made by the 3rd Imperial Duma, and it was inaugurated 19 June 1913.All burial ceremonies were conducted in a building erected 1913 after blueprints by the Baltic-German architect Wilhelm Neumann.During World War I, when the front closed in on Riga in 1916, the Forest Cemetery was receiving many fallen Latvian Riflemen. After a lengthy debate with local congregations, the Imperial Duma sanctioned the construction of a military cemetery, on land transferred from the Forest Cemetery, a cemetery that later was named Brothers' Cemetery.The Forest Cemetery has many sculptural memorials and tombstones created by notable sculptors. Many notable Latvian politicians, military, and public figures are buried at the Forest Cemetery.", "Q848": "Arturo Fortunato Alessandri Palma, GCTE (American Spanish: [a\u027e\u02c8tu\u027eo ale\u02c8sand\u027ei \u02c8palma]; December 20, 1868 \u2013 August 24, 1950) was a Chilean political figure and reformer, who served thrice as the President of Chile, first between 1920 and 1924, then for part of 1925, and finally from 1932 until 1938.", "Q28147": "James Kr\u00fcss (31 May 1926 \u2013 2 August 1997) was a German writer of children's and picture books, illustrator, poet, dramatist, scriptwriter, translator, and collector of children's poems and folk songs. For his contribution as a children's writer he received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1968.\n\n", "Q333525": "Michael Denzil Xavier Portillo (born 26 May 1953) is a British journalist, broadcaster, and former Conservative politician. He was first elected to the House of Commons in a by-election in 1984. A strong admirer of Margaret Thatcher, and a Eurosceptic, Portillo served as a junior minister under both Thatcher and John Major, before entering the cabinet in 1992. A \"darling of the right\", he was seen as a likely challenger to Major during the 1995 Conservative leadership election, but stayed loyal. As Defence Secretary, he pressed for a purist Thatcherite course of \"clear blue water\", separating the policies of the Conservatives from those of the Labour Party.\nPortillo unexpectedly lost the hitherto safe Conservative Enfield Southgate seat at the 1997 general election. This led to the coining of the expression \"Portillo moment\". Returning to the Commons after being given the Conservative candidacy in the 1999 by-election in Kensington and Chelsea, Portillo rejoined the front bench as Shadow Chancellor, although his relationship with Conservative Leader William Hague was strained. Standing for the leadership of the party in 2001, he finally came in third place behind Iain Duncan Smith and Kenneth Clarke.\nPortillo retired from the House of Commons and from active politics at the 2005 general election, and has since pursued his media interests, presenting and participating in a wide range of television and radio programmes. Portillo's passion for steam trains led him to make the BBC documentary series Great British Railway Journeys, beginning in 2010, in which he travels the British railway networks, referring to an 1840s copy of Bradshaw's Guide. The show's success led Portillo to present a number of further series about railway systems in other countries.", "Q67888": "Luise Aston, or Louise Aston (26 November 1814 \u2013 21 December 1871), was a German author and feminist, who championed the rights of women, and was known for dressing in male attire. She was an advocate of democracy, free love, and sexuality.", "Q46846": "Valentinian II (Latin: Flavius Valentinianus Augustus; 371 \u2013 15 May 392), was Roman Emperor from AD 375 to 392.", "Q605512": "Maybach Music Group (MMG) is a record label imprint founded by American rapper Rick Ross. Maybach Music Group albums are distributed by Atlantic Records, a division of the Atlantic Records Group. Atlantic took over distribution following the expiration of a deal with Island Def Jam. As of December 12, 2012, the label releases are now distributed by Atlantic Records. 19 solo and three compilation albums have been released by Maybach Music Group, including five certified Gold albums. Maybach is home to many successful artists such as Ross himself, Wale, Meek Mill, Omarion, Gunplay and Torch, among others. The label has also had seven albums debut at number one on the Billboard 200 such as Deeper Than Rap, God Forgives, I Don't, and Mastermind by Rick Ross, The Gifted and The Album About Nothing by Wale and Dreams Worth More Than Money and Championships by Meek Mill.\n\n", "Q221653": "Utrecht University (UU; Dutch: Universiteit Utrecht, formerly Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht) is a university in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Established 26 March 1636, it is one of the oldest universities in the Netherlands. In 2016, it had an enrolment of 29,425 students, and employed 5,568 faculty and staff. In 2011, 485 PhD degrees were awarded and 7,773 scientific articles were published. The 2013 budget of the university was \u20ac765 million.Utrecht University has been placed in the top 100 universities in the world by four major ranking tables. The university is ranked the best university in the Netherlands by the Shanghai Ranking of World Universities 2013, ranking 13th in Europe and 52nd in the world.\nThe university's motto is \"Sol Iustitiae Illustra Nos,\" which means \"May the Sun of Righteousness Enlighten Us\". This motto was gleaned from a literal Latin Bible translation of Malachi 4:2. (Rutgers University, having a historical connection with Utrecht University, uses a modified version of this motto.) Utrecht University is led by the University Board, consisting of prof. dr. Henk Kummeling (Rector Magnificus), prof. dr. Anton Pijpers (Chair) and prof. mr. Annetje Ottow (Vice Chair).", "Q78770": "Baron Anton von Doblhoff-Dier (German: Anton Freiherr von Doblhoff-Dier) (10 November 1800 \u2013 16 April 1872) was an Austrian statesman.\nBorn in Gorizia, he studied law at the University of Vienna and at first entered into civil service. In 1836 he retired to cultivate the manor estate of his uncle at Weikersdorf Castle in Baden, where he excelled in agronomic studies. In the course of the Revolutions of March 1848 he became a liberal member of the Reichstag assembly and trade minister in the cabinet of Franz von Pillersdorf, and, after Pillersdorf's demission in July, acting minister-president and minister of the interior.\nDoblhoff-Dier himself resigned from all offices in the violent Vienna Uprising of October 1848. In the next year he was appointed ambassador at The Hague, a post he held until 1858. In 1861 he became a member of the newly established Reichsrat, from 1867 onwards of the Herrenhaus.", "Q434763": "Neil Richard Flynn (born November 13, 1960) is an American actor, comedian, and voice actor. He is best known for his roles as Janitor on Scrubs and Mike Heck in the ABC comedy series The Middle. He has had notable appearances in television series, such as That '70s Show, Seinfeld, CSI, and Smallville and the television films It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie and Wake Up, Ron Burgundy: The Lost Movie.\nHis film career includes appearances in The Fugitive, Home Alone 3, Mean Girls, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and The Resurrection of Gavin Stone. His voice-over work extends to films such as Cloudy With a Chance Of Meatballs, TV shows including Bob's Burgers, Buzz Lightyear of Star Command, Clone High, King of the Hill and the Ratchet & Clank video games.\nIn 2015, he starred in the DC Comics web series Vixen, set in the Arrowverse. In 2019, he starred alongside Natalie Morales in the NBC sitcom Abby's.", "Q152163": "Last Woman on Earth (often referred to as The Last Woman on Earth, but it appeared without the word The in the film's actual title card) is a 1960 American science fiction film that was produced and directed by Roger Corman. It tells the story of three survivors of a mysterious apocalypse, which appears to have wiped out all human life on earth.The screenplay is by Robert Towne, who also appears in the film under the pseudonym Edward Wain. The music was composed and conducted by Ronald Stein. The film was originally released as a double feature with The Little Shop of Horrors.", "Q690": "Delft ([d\u025blft] (listen)) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. It is located between Rotterdam, to the southeast, and The Hague, to the northwest. Together with them, it is part of both Rotterdam\u2013The Hague metropolitan area and the Randstad.\nDelft is a popular tourist destination in the country of The Netherlands. It is home to Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), regarded as center of technological research and development in the Netherlands, Delft Blue pottery and the currently reigning House of Orange-Nassau. Historically, Delft played a highly influential role in the Dutch Golden Age. Delft has a special place in the history of microbiology. In terms of science and technology, thanks to the pioneering contributions of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and Martinus Beijerinck, Delft can be considered to be the true birthplace of microbiology, with its several sub-disciplines such as bacteriology, protozoology, and virology.", "Q59966": "Mabel Edeline Strickland, (8 January 1899 \u2013 29 November 1988), was an Anglo-Maltese journalist, newspaper proprietor and politician.", "Q322428": "Antonio Colinas Lobato is a Spanish writer (poet, novelist, journalist, translator, essayist) and intellectual who was born in La Ba\u00f1eza, Le\u00f3n, Spain on January 30, 1946. He has published a variety of works, but is considered to be above all a poet. He won Spain's National Prize for Literature in 1982, among several other honors and awards.", "Q1233720": "Young adult fiction (YA) is a category of fiction written for readers from 12 to 18 years of age. While the genre is targeted to teenagers, approximately half of YA readers are adults.The subject matter and genres of YA correlate with the age and experience of the protagonist. The genres available in YA are expansive and include most of those found in adult fiction. Common themes related to YA include friendship, first love, relationships, and identity. Stories that focus on the specific challenges of youth are sometimes referred to as problem novels or coming-of-age novels.Young adult fiction was developed to soften the transition between children's novels and adult literature.", "Q186332": "Matti Bye (born July 25, 1966) is a Swedish pianist and composer. He has composed music for over 30 films and TV series as well as additional scores for Theatre and Dance pieces. In 2014, he was nominated twice at Sweden\u00b4s Guldbagge Awards in which his soundtrack for the film Faro won the award. He also won a Gudbagge in 2009 for his score for the film Everlasting Moments. He has recorded and released numerous solo and collaboration records, include Hydra\u2019s Dream, with Anna Von Hausswolff; Maailma, with cult Finnish songwriter Lau Nau; and has collaborated live with producer and musician Samuli Kosminen.", "Q1012742": "Akihito Tokunaga (\u5fb3\u6c38 \u6681\u4eba, Tokunaga Akihito) (born 22 September 1971) is a Japanese musical composer and arranger under Giza Studio label since 2000.", "Q68205": "Paradiso is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It lies on the shore of Lake Lugano and, although administratively independent of the city of Lugano, it is surrounded on all other sides by that city.", "Q497962": "Saint Michael of Chernigov or Mikhail Vsevolodovich (c.\u20091185 \u2013 Saray, 20 September 1246) was a Rus' prince (a member of the Rurik dynasty). He was grand prince of Kiev (1236\u20131240, 1240, 1241\u20131243); and he was also prince of Pereyaslavl (1206), of Novgorod-Seversk (1219\u20131226), of Chernigov (1223\u20131235, 1242\u20131246), of Novgorod (1225\u20131226, 1229\u20131230), and of Halych (1235\u20131236).Archaeological evidence reveals that Chernihiv towns enjoyed an unprecedented degree of prosperity during his period which suggests that promoting trade was a priority for him. Commercial interests, in part, also motivated him to seize control of Halych and Kiev because they were channels through which goods from the Rhine valley and Hungary passed to Chernihiv (Ukraine). He also negotiated commercial treaties and political alliances with the Poles and the Hungarians.He alleviated the tax burden of the Novgorodians and granted their boyars greater political freedom from the prince. He was the last autonomous senior prince of Kiev, where he was deposed not by a more powerful prince but by the invincible Mongols.On the eve of Mongol invasion, he was one of the most powerful princes in Rus'. He has been accused of ineffective leadership because he failed to unite the princes of Rus' against the invaders; in his defense it must be pointed out that this was an impossible task.Mikhail was the first prince of the Olgovichi (the dynasty of Chernigov) to become a martyr according to the commonly understood meaning of the word: he underwent the penalty of death for persistence in his Christian faith. He and his boyar Fedor (Theodore) were tortured and beheaded by the Tatars.They later became known as \"The Passion-Sufferers of Chernigov\" and \"The Miracle-Workers of Chernigov\".", "Q690079": "Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC ), using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1960s to the 1990s. The company was co-founded by Ken Olsen and Harlan Anderson in 1957. Olsen was president until forced to resign in 1992, after the company had gone into precipitous decline.\nDEC was a leading vendor of computer systems, including computers, software, and peripherals. Their PDP and successor VAX products were the most successful of all minicomputers in terms of sales.\nDEC was acquired in June 1998 by Compaq in what was at that time the largest merger in the history of the computer industry. At the time, Compaq was focused on the enterprise market and had recently purchased several other large vendors. DEC was a major player overseas where Compaq had less presence. However, Compaq had little idea what to do with its acquisitions, and soon found itself in financial difficulty of its own. The company subsequently merged with Hewlett-Packard (HP) in May 2002.\nSome parts of DEC were sold to other companies in order to help fund the mergers; notably the compiler business and the Hudson, Massachusetts facility, were sold to Intel. \nAs of 2012, decades-old hardware, including PDP-11, VAX and AlphaServer, is being emulated in order to continue benefitting from software written long ago; funding for this is scheduled to last at least until 2030.", "Q60659": "Ute Lemper (born 4 July 1963) is a German singer and actress. Her roles in musicals include playing Sally Bowles in the original Paris production of Cabaret, for which she won the 1987 Moli\u00e8re Award for Best Newcomer, and Velma Kelly in the revival of Chicago in both London and New York, which won her the 1998 Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical.", "Q173813": "Stanford is a census-designated place (CDP) in the northwest corner of Santa Clara County, California, United States and is the home of Stanford University. The population was 13,809 at the 2010 census, with a daily population of 35,000.Stanford is an unincorporated area of Santa Clara County and is adjacent to the city of Palo Alto. \nMost of the Stanford University campus and other core University owned land is situated within the census-designated place of Stanford though the Stanford University Medical Center, the Stanford Shopping Center, and the Stanford Research Park are officially part of the city of Palo Alto. Its resident population consists of the inhabitants of on-campus housing, including graduate student residences and single-family homes and condominiums owned by their faculty inhabitants but located on leased Stanford land. A residential neighborhood adjacent to the Stanford campus, College Terrace, featuring streets named after universities and colleges, is neither part of the Stanford CDP nor owned by the University (except for a few individual houses) but is instead part of Palo Alto.", "Q569464": "Canon F\u00e9lix Kir (22 January 1876 - 26 April 1968) was a French Catholic priest, resistance fighter and politician.", "Q268253": "Neo soul is a genre of popular music. The term was coined by music industry entrepreneur Kedar Massenburg during the late 1990s to market and describe a style of music that emerged from soul and contemporary R&B. Heavily based in soul music, neo soul is distinguished by a less conventional sound than its contemporary R&B counterpart, with incorporated elements ranging from jazz, funk, hip hop and electronic to pop, fusion, and African music. It has been noted by music writers for its traditional R&B influences, conscious-driven lyrics, and strong female presence.\nNeo soul developed during the 1980s and early 1990s, in the United States and United Kingdom, as a soul revival movement. It earned mainstream success during the 1990s, with the commercial and critical breakthroughs of several artists, including D'Angelo, Erykah Badu, Lauryn Hill, and Maxwell. Their music was marketed as an alternative to the producer-driven, digitally approached R&B of the time.\nSince its initial mainstream popularity and impact on the sound of contemporary R&B, neo soul has been expanded and diversified musically through the works of both American and international artists. Its mainstream presence declined during the 2000s, although newer artists emerged through more independent means of marketing their music. According to music journalist Mark Anthony Neal, \"neo-soul and its various incarnations has helped to redefine the boundaries and contours of black pop.\"", "Q40589": "Keith Maurice Ellison (born August 4, 1963) is an American politician and lawyer serving as the 30th Attorney General of Minnesota. A member of the Democratic\u2013Farmer\u2013Labor Party (DFL), Ellison was the U.S. Representative for Minnesota's 5th congressional district from 2007 to 2019. He also served as the titular Deputy Chair of the Democratic National Committee from 2017 to 2018. In Congress, Ellison was a vice-chair of the Congressional Progressive Caucus and a Chief Deputy Whip. He also sat on the House Committee on Financial Services. Ellison was the first Muslim to be elected to Congress and the first African American representative from Minnesota.Ellison's profile was raised when he joined the race for chair of the Democratic National Committee in November 2016, gaining support from progressive groups and U.S. senators Bernie Sanders of Vermont and Chuck Schumer of New York. His candidacy prompted renewed scrutiny of past statements and his affiliation with the Nation of Islam, which drew criticism from some moderate Democrats. Ellison was defeated by former Secretary of Labor Tom Perez, who subsequently appointed Ellison as Deputy Chair, which was approved by a unanimous voice vote of DNC members.On June 5, 2018, Ellison announced that he would not seek reelection to Congress to run for Minnesota Attorney General. Ellison won the Democratic primary and went on to defeat Republican Doug Wardlow in the general election, becoming the first African American elected to statewide office in Minnesota, as well as the first Muslim in the U.S. to win statewide office.\n\n", "Q77325": "Arno Schmidt (18 January 1914 \u2013 3 June 1979) was a German author and translator. He is little known outside of German-speaking areas, in part because his works present a formidable challenge to translators. Although he is not one of the popular favourites within Germany, critics and writers often consider him to be one of the most important German-language writers of the 20th century.", "Q1033954": "Satoshi Hatakeyama (\u7560\u5c71 \u667a\u4e4b, Hatakeyama Satoshi, born October 30, 1958) is a Japanese journalist who works for NHK. During his career, he was presenter of NHK News 7 and NHK News 21.", "Q442193": "Jill Susan Eikenberry (born January 21, 1947) is an American film, stage, and television actress. She is known for her role as lawyer Ann Kelsey on the NBC drama L.A. Law (1986\u201394), for which she is a five-time Emmy Award and four-time Golden Globe Award nominee, winning the Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Drama Series in 1989. She received an Obie Award in 1986 for the Off-Broadway plays Lemon Sky and Life Under Water, and was nominated for a 2011 Drama Desk Award for the Off-Broadway musical The Kid. Her film appearances include Hide in Plain Sight (1980), Arthur (1981) and The Manhattan Project (1986).", "Q238464": "Simon John Pegg (n\u00e9 Beckingham; born 14 February 1970) is an English actor, comedian, screenwriter, and producer. He came to public prominence in the UK as the co-creator of the Channel 4 sitcom Spaced, directed by Edgar Wright. He went on to co-write and star in the Three Flavours Cornetto film trilogy: Shaun of the Dead (2004), Hot Fuzz (2007), and The World's End (2013). He and Nick Frost wrote and starred in the sci-fi film Paul (2011).\nPegg is one of the few performers to have achieved what Radio Times calls \"the Holy Grail of nerd-dom\", playing popular supporting characters in Doctor Who (2005), Star Trek as Montgomery \"Scotty\" Scott (2009\u2013present), and Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015). He currently stars as Benji Dunn in the Mission: Impossible film series (2006\u2013present), and the Chamberlain in The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance (2019).", "Q313193": "Michael Joseph Connelly (born July 21, 1956) is an American author of detective novels and other crime fiction, notably those featuring LAPD Detective Hieronymus \"Harry\" Bosch and criminal defense attorney Mickey Haller. \nConnelly is the bestselling author of 31 novels and one work of non-fiction, with over 60 million copies of his books sold worldwide and translated into 40 foreign languages. His first novel, The Black Echo, won the Mystery Writers of America Edgar Award for Best First Novel in 1992. In 2002, Clint Eastwood directed and starred in the movie adaptation of Connelly's 1998 novel, Blood Work. In March 2011, the movie adaptation of Connelly's novel The Lincoln Lawyer starred Matthew McConaughey as Mickey Haller. Connelly was the President of the Mystery Writers of America from 2003 to 2004.", "Q749718": "Oklahoma State University (OSU) is a public land-grant research university in Stillwater, Oklahoma. OSU was founded in 1890 under the Morrill Act. Originally known as Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College (Oklahoma A&M), it is the flagship institution of the Oklahoma State University System. Official enrollment for the fall 2010 semester system-wide was 35,073, with 23,459 students enrolled at OSU-Stillwater. Enrollment shows the Freshman class of 2012 was the largest on record with 4,298 students. OSU is classified by the Carnegie Foundation as a research university with highest research activity.The Oklahoma State Cowboys and Cowgirls' athletic heritage includes 52 national championships, a total greater than all but three NCAA Division I schools in the United States, and first in the Big 12 Conference. Students spend part of the fall semester preparing for OSU's Homecoming celebration, begun in 1913, which draws more than 40,000 alumni and over 70,000 participants each year to campus and is billed by the university as \"America's Greatest Homecoming Celebration.\"", "Q209861": "Roger Gilbert-Lecomte (May 18, 1907 in Reims, France \u2013 December 31, 1943 in Paris) was a French avant-garde poet and co-founder (with Ren\u00e9 Daumal, Roger Vailland and Josef \u0160\u00edma) of the artistic group and magazine Le Grand Jeu. The group, associated with surrealists, was \"excommunicated\" from the movement by Andr\u00e9 Breton. Gilbert-Lecomte used drugs, in particular morphine, for both artistic and sociological reasons. As was predicted in his poetry, his death was the result of an infection caused by the use of dirty hypodermic needles.", "Q3379044": "Brigadier General Philip Maud CMG, CBE (8 August 1870 \u2013 28 February 1947) was an English officer of the British Army, who is most notable for setting the Maud Line, an imaginary border in Kenya, which set the original position of the disputed Ilemi Triangle. Maud is also celebrated in the field of rugby union playing international rugby for England, and in the 1890/91 season became one of the original members of the Barbarians Football Club.", "Q37701": "Bloemfontein (; Afrikaans: [\u02c8blumf\u0254nt\u0259i\u032fn]; also known as Bloem) is the capital city of the province of Free State of South Africa; and, as the judicial capital of the nation, one of South Africa's three national capitals (the other two being Cape Town, the legislative capital, and Pretoria, the administrative capital) and is the seventh largest city in South Africa. Situated at an elevation of 1,395 m (4,577 ft) above sea level, the city is home to approximately 520,000 residents and forms part of the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality which has a population of 747,431. It was one of the host cities for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.\nThe city of Bloemfontein hosts the Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa, the Franklin Game Reserve, Naval Hill, the Maselspoort Resort and the Sand du Plessis Theatre. The city hosts numerous museums, including the National Women's Monument, the Anglo-Boer War Museum, the National Museum, and the Oliewenhuis Art Museum.\nBloemfontein also host sub-Saharan Africa's first digital planetarium, the Naval Hill Planetarium and Boyden Observatory, an astronomical research observatory erected by Harvard University.\nBloemfontein is popularly and poetically known as \"the city of roses\", for its abundance of these flowers and the annual rose festival held there. The city's Sesotho name is Mangaung, meaning \"place of cheetahs\". Its !Orakobab name is \u01c0\u02bcAuxa \u01c3X\u0101s or \u01c0Kx\u02bcauxa \u01c3X\u0101s (Khoekhoegowab spelling: \u01c0Auxa !Kh\u0101s), which refers to Jan Bloem II, known as !X\u0101s-aob or Blumtseb who was a gaokx\u02bcaob (chief) of the \u01c0\u0168di\u01c1\u02bcaes (Springbok Clan) of the !Ora (\"Korana\") nation, whose kraal was the original settlement before the city was built.\n\n", "Q71754": "Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Jordan, sometimes shortened to Wilhelm Jordan (8 February 1819 in Insterburg in East Prussia, now in Russia \u2013 25 June 1904 in Frankfurt am Main), was a German writer and politician.", "Q60881": "Akathoot Balakrishna Pillai (1889\u20131960), better known as Kesari Balakrishna Pillai, was a Malayalam writer, art and literary critic and journalist, considered by many as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Kerala. He was the eponymous founder of the newspaper, Kesari and was one of the three major figures in modern Malayalam literary criticism, along with Joseph Mundassery and M. P. Paul. Besides works such as Kesariyude Lokangal, Navalokam, Sankethika Nirupanangal Sahitya Nirupanangal, Rupamanjari, he also wrote a text in English under the title, Outlines of the Proto-Historic Chronology of Western Asia.", "Q66228": "Quarten is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Sarganserland, in the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland, above Lake Walensee. Besides Quarten itself, the municipality includes the settlements of Oberterzen, Unterterzen, Quinten, Mols, Murg, and parts of Tannenbodenalp.", "Q65721": "D\u00e4rstetten is a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q713364": "C\u00e9sar Alierta Izuel (born May 5, 1945) is a Spanish businessman, who was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Telef\u00f3nica S.A. from July 26, 2000 until replaced by Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda \u00c1lvarez-Pallete in 2016. He guided the company through a significant Latin American expansion. Mr. Alierta earned a bachelor's degree in Law at the Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain) in 1967. Three years after his degree, he earned a master's degree in Business Administration at Columbia University in New York, United States.", "Q1335423": "Reece Mastin (born 24 November 1994) is an English-born Australian singer and songwriter who won the third season of The X Factor Australia in 2011. Mastin subsequently signed with Sony Music Australia. His debut single \"Good Night\" reached number one in Australia and New Zealand, and became Sony Music Australia's fastest selling digital single. Mastin's self-titled debut album debuted at number two on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified double platinum. His second studio album Beautiful Nightmare (2012) included the hit singles \"Shut Up & Kiss Me\" and \"Shout It Out\", the latter became Mastin's second number-one single in Australia. \"Good Night\" and \"Shout It Out\" earned him two ARIA No. 1 Chart Awards. In 2015, Mastin parted ways with Sony and signed with independent label Social Family Records. His third studio album Change Colours was released in October 2015, and debuted at number 12. In 2018, Reece released a new EP titled Suitcase of Stories under the name MASTIN.\n\n", "Q948751": "Michael Papajohn (born November 7, 1964) is an American actor, stuntman and former college baseball player for the LSU Tigers baseball team. He plays Dennis Carradine in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy.", "Q106254": "Martin Sperr (14 September 1944 \u2013 6 April 2002) was a German dramatist and actor. He was born in Steinberg near Marklkofen and died in Landshut.", "Q460454": "Marc Duez (born 18 April 1957 in Verviers) is a race and rally driver from Belgium.He won the 24 Hours N\u00fcrburgring several times, and also the 24 Hours Spa.\nDuez also has competed in the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the Andros Trophy.\nFor years now Marc Duez has been a representative for the RACB, the Royal Automobil Club of Belgium. He strongly promotes the Driver's Academy and the Belgian Racing Circuits.\nAlso since 2009 Marc Duez has been racing for Fun Still Exists, also known as FSE. For this team he has been racing the Legend Boucles de Spa 2010 and Ypres Historic Rally 2010, and also the Legend Boucles de Spa 2011.", "Q140201": "James Graham Ballard (15 November 1930 \u2013 19 April 2009) was an English novelist, short story writer, and essayist who first became associated with the New Wave of science fiction for his post-apocalyptic novels such as The Drowned World (1962). In the late 1960s, he produced a variety of experimental short stories (or \"condensed novels\"), such as those collected in the controversial The Atrocity Exhibition (1970). In the mid 1970s, Ballard published several novels, among them the highly controversial Crash (1973), a story about symphorophilia and car crash fetishism, and High-Rise (1975), a depiction of a luxury apartment building's descent into violent chaos.\nWhile much of Ballard's fiction would prove thematically and stylistically provocative, he became best known for his relatively conventional war novel, Empire of the Sun (1984), a semi-autobiographical account of a young British boy's experiences in Shanghai during Japanese occupation. Described by The Guardian as \"the best British novel about the Second World War\", the story was adapted into a 1987 film by Steven Spielberg starring Christian Bale. In the following decades until his death in 2009, Ballard's work shifted toward the form of the traditional crime novel. Several of his earlier works have been adapted into films, including David Cronenberg's controversial 1996 adaptation of Crash and Ben Wheatley's 2015 adaptation of High-Rise.\nThe literary distinctiveness of Ballard's fiction has given rise to the adjective \"Ballardian\", defined by the Collins English Dictionary as \"resembling or suggestive of the conditions described in J. G. Ballard's novels and stories, especially dystopian modernity, bleak man-made landscapes and the psychological effects of technological, social or environmental developments\". The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography entry describes Ballard's work as being occupied with \"eros, thanatos, mass media and emergent technologies\".", "Q7097": "Inwil is a municipality in the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q182154": "Time travel is the concept of movement between certain points in time, analogous to movement between different points in space by an object or a person, typically with the use of a hypothetical device known as a time machine. Time travel is a widely recognized concept in philosophy and fiction. The idea of a time machine was popularized by H. G. Wells' 1895 novel The Time Machine.It is uncertain if time travel to the past is physically possible. Forward time travel, outside the usual sense of the perception of time, is an extensively observed phenomenon and well-understood within the framework of special relativity and general relativity. However, making one body advance or delay more than a few milliseconds compared to another body is not feasible with current technology. As for backward time travel, it is possible to find solutions in general relativity that allow for it, such as a rotating black hole. Traveling to an arbitrary point in spacetime has a very limited support in theoretical physics, and usually is connected only with quantum mechanics or wormholes, also known as Einstein-Rosen bridges.", "Q110436": "Cory Efram Doctorow (; born July 17, 1971) is a Canadian-British blogger, journalist, and science fiction author who served as co-editor of the blog Boing Boing. He is an activist in favour of liberalising copyright laws and a proponent of the Creative Commons organization, using some of their licences for his books. Some common themes of his work include digital rights management, file sharing, and post-scarcity economics.", "Q937185": "Hungaroton was the one and only record and music publisher company in Hungary for about 40 years.\nHungaroton was founded in 1951, when its only competitors in the Hungarian music market were record labels like Melodiya, Supraphon and Eterna from other socialist countries. Previously called Qualiton, its name was changed to Hungaroton in the mid-1960s, though the Qualiton brand remained as a label for operetta and gipsy music releases. Also new popular music, rock and jazz labels (Pepita, Brav\u00f3, and Kr\u00e9m) were founded.\nIn the early 1990s the massive import of foreign records caused a serious decrease in Hungaroton's sales. Although the original company went into liquidation, new and smaller companies arose on the ruins of Hungaroton. The Hungaroton Gong and Hungaroton Classic companies went private in 1995, and were reunited in 1998 under the name Hungaroton Records Publisher Ltd. \nNowadays it publishes approximately 150 new records per year, half of it classical and half of it popular music.", "Q167866": "John Chiles Houk (February 26, 1860 \u2013 June 3, 1923) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 2nd congressional district of Tennessee.", "Q28600787": "John Woodrow Wilson (1922\u20132015) was an American lithographer, sculptor, painter, muralist, and art teacher whose art was driven by the political climate of his time. Wilson was best known for his works portraying themes of social justice and equality.\n\n", "Q406909": "Ryu Si-won (Korean: \ub958\uc2dc\uc6d0; Hanja: \u67f3\u6642\u5143; born 6 October 1972) is a South Korean actor and singer. After he made his debut in the KBS drama Feeling in 1994, Ryu pursued a singing career.", "Q693570": "The Duchy of Ferrara (Latin: Ducatus Ferrariensis Emilian: Duc\u00e0t ad Frara Italian: Ducato di Ferrara) was a state in what is now northern Italy. It consisted of about 1,100 km2 south of the lower Po River, stretching to the valley of the lower Reno River, including the city of Ferrara. The territory was ruled by the House of Este from 1146 as vassals of the Holy Roman Empire.\nIn 1471, the territory was transferred from the Empire to the Papal States. Borso d'Este, already Duke of Modena and Reggio, was created Duke of Ferrara by Pope Paul II. Borso and his successors ruled Ferrara as a quasi-sovereign state until 1597, when it came under direct papal rule.", "Q117359": "Stoic is a 2009 arthouse drama film directed and written by Uwe Boll and starring Edward Furlong and Shaun Sipos. The film is one of two dramas, the other Darfur, Boll planned to direct.", "Q301597": "Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco (Italian pronunciation: [bartolo\u02c8m\u025b\u02d0o kri\u02c8st\u0254\u02d0fori di fran\u02c8t\u0283esko]; May 4, 1655 \u2013 January 27, 1731) was an Italian maker of musical instruments famous for inventing the piano.", "Q23760": "Rowan Sebastian Atkinson (born 6 January 1955) is an English actor, comedian and writer. He is best known for his work on the sitcoms Blackadder (1983\u20131989) and Mr. Bean (1990\u20131995). Atkinson first came to prominence in the BBC's sketch comedy show Not the Nine O'Clock News (1979\u20131982), receiving the 1981 BAFTA for Best Entertainment Performance, and via his participation in The Secret Policeman's Ball (1979). His other work includes the James Bond film Never Say Never Again (1983), playing a bumbling vicar in Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), voicing the red-billed hornbill Zazu in The Lion King (1994), and playing jewellery salesman Rufus in Love Actually (2003). He also featured in the BBC sitcom The Thin Blue Line (1995\u20131996). His work in theatre includes the 2009 West End revival of the musical Oliver!.\nAtkinson was listed in The Observer as one of the 50 funniest actors in British comedy in 2007, and among the top 50 comedians ever, in a 2005 poll of fellow comedians. Throughout his career he has collaborated with screenwriter Richard Curtis and composer Howard Goodall, both of whom he met at the Oxford University Dramatic Society during the 1970s. In addition to his 1981 BAFTA, he received an Olivier Award for his 1981 West End theatre performance in Rowan Atkinson in Revue. He has also had cinematic success with his performances in the Mr. Bean movie adaptations Bean (1997) and Mr. Bean's Holiday (2007), and also in the Johnny English film series (2003\u20132018). He also appears as the titular character in Maigret (2016\u20132017).", "Q338302": "Gale Robbins (born Betty Gale Robbins (or Betty Gale Murphy), May 7, 1921 \u2013 February 18, 1980) was an American actress and singer.", "Q244975": "Valentine's Day is a 2010 American romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall. The screenplay and the story were written by Katherine Fugate, Abby Kohn, and Marc Silverstein. The film features an ensemble cast led by Jessica Alba, Kathy Bates, Jessica Biel, Bradley Cooper, Eric Dane, Patrick Dempsey, H\u00e9ctor Elizondo, Jamie Foxx, Jennifer Garner, Topher Grace, Anne Hathaway, Carter Jenkins, Ashton Kutcher, Queen Latifah, Taylor Lautner, George Lopez, Shirley MacLaine, Emma Roberts, Julia Roberts, Bryce Robinson and Taylor Swift in her film debut. The film received negative reviews but was a major box office success.", "Q853371": "Gyula B\u00e1rdos (born 15 March 1958) is an ethnic Hungarian politician in Slovakia, who was candidate in 2014 Slovak presidential election, running as a member of the Party of the Hungarian Community (SMK\u2013MKP). He came in fifth with 5.1%. His daughter is actress Judit B\u00e1rdos.", "Q1849138": "Nonesuch Records is an American record company and label owned by Warner Music Group, distributed by Warner Records (formerly called Warner Bros. Records), and based in New York City. Founded by Jac Holzman in 1964 as a budget classical label, Nonesuch has developed into a label that records critically acclaimed music from a wide range of genres. Robert Hurwitz was president of the company from 1984 to 2017.", "Q223736": "Velvet Revolver was an American hard rock supergroup consisting of Guns N' Roses members Slash (lead guitar), Duff McKagan (bass, backing vocals) and Matt Sorum (drums, backing vocals), alongside Dave Kushner (rhythm guitar) formerly of punk band Wasted Youth, and Scott Weiland formerly of Stone Temple Pilots (STP). Weiland left the band to rejoin STP in 2008.\nIn 2004, the band achieved commercial success with their debut album, Contraband. Despite positive reviews, some critics initially described Velvet Revolver as a mere combination of Stone Temple Pilots and Guns N' Roses, and criticizing them for a \"disconnection\" between Weiland and the rest of the band. With their single \"Slither\", they won the 2005 Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance. The band released Libertad in 2007, driven by the release of the single \"She Builds Quick Machines\", and embarked on a tour with Alice in Chains.\nIn April 2008, Weiland abruptly left Velvet Revolver and reunited with Stone Temple Pilots. Velvet Revolver was put on indefinite hiatus and in November of that year, requested to be released by their record label RCA Records to allow themselves \"complete freedom to go through whatever process it would take to accomplish\" replacing Weiland.\nAlthough Velvet Revolver worked on new material and auditioned new singers following Scott Weiland's departure, the band has not released any new material and only performed publicly once since 2008, when they reunited with Weiland for a one-off reunion show on January 12, 2012 at a benefit concert. This proved to be their last performance together before Weiland's death on December 3, 2015. Slash and McKagan have since rejoined Guns N' Roses.", "Q1474624": "Yerevan State University (YSU; Armenian: \u0535\u0580\u0587\u0561\u0576\u056b \u054a\u0565\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0540\u0561\u0574\u0561\u056c\u057d\u0561\u0580\u0561\u0576, \u0535\u054a\u0540, Yerevani Petakan Hamalsaran), also simply University of Yerevan, is the oldest continuously operating public university in Armenia. Founded in 1919, it is the largest university in the country. It is thus informally known as Armenia's \"mother university\" (\u0544\u0561\u0575\u0580 \u0532\u0548\u0582\u0540, Mayr Buh). Of its 3,150 employees, 1,190 comprise the teaching staff which includes 25 academicians, 130 professors, 700 docents (associate professors), and 360 assistant lecturers. The university has 400 researchers, 1,350 post-graduate students, and 8,500 undergraduates, including 300 students from abroad.Instruction is in Armenian, but instruction in Russian and English for foreign students is arranged according to need. The academic year is from September 1 through June 30.\nIn 2010, according to University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP), it is the 1st-ranked university in Armenia and the 954th in the world, of total 20,000 institutions included in the list.", "Q715701": "William LeBaron Jenney (September 25, 1832 \u2013 June 14, 1907) was an American architect and engineer who is known for building the first skyscraper in 1884 and became known as the Father of the American skyscraper.\nIn 1998, Jenney was ranked number 89 in the book 1,000 Years, 1,000 People: Ranking the Men and Women Who Shaped the Millennium.", "Q7083": "Rothenburg is a municipality in the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q215284": "Jerry Chih-Yuan Yang (Chinese: \u694a\u81f4\u9060; born November 6, 1968) is a Taiwanese-American computer programmer, internet entrepreneur, and venture capitalist. He is the co-founder and former CEO of Yahoo! Inc.", "Q1144262": "The University of Western Ontario (UWO), corporately branded as Western University as of 2012 and commonly shortened to Western, is a public research university in London, Ontario, Canada. The main campus is on 455 hectares (1,120 acres) of land, surrounded by residential neighbourhoods and the Thames River bisecting the campus's eastern portion. The university operates twelve academic faculties and schools. It is a member of the U15, a group of research-intensive universities in Canada.\nThe university was founded on 7 March 1878 by Bishop Isaac Hellmuth of the Anglican Diocese of Huron as The Western University of London, Ontario. It incorporated Huron College, which had been founded in 1863. The first four faculties were Arts, Divinity, Law and Medicine. The university became non-denominational in 1908. Beginning in 1919, the university had affiliated with several denominational colleges. The university grew substantially in the post-World War II era, and a number of faculties and schools were added.\nWestern is a co-educational university, with more than 24,000 students, and over 306,000 living alumni worldwide. Notable alumni include government officials, academics, business leaders, Nobel Laureates, Rhodes Scholars, and distinguished fellows. Western's varsity teams, known as the Western Mustangs, compete in the Ontario University Athletics conference of U Sports.", "Q96865": "Julius Duboc (October 10, 1829 Hamburg - June 11, 1903) was a German author and philosopher.", "Q359930": "Frederick Charles Hannen Swaffer (1 November 1879 \u2013 16 January 1962) was an English journalist and drama critic. Although his views were left-wing, he worked mostly for right-wing publications, many of them owned by Lord Northcliffe. He was a proponent of spiritualism, and an opponent of capital punishment.", "Q88483": "Friedrich \"Fritz\" Sternberg (11 June 1895 \u2013 18 October 1963) was a German economist, sociologist, Marxist theorist, and socialist politician. Bertolt Brecht declared Sternberg to be his \"first teacher.\"", "Q368535": "Four Music (FOUR MUSIC Productions GmbH) is a German record label founded by Die Fantastischen Vier in 1996. \nIt was originally located in Stuttgart, but has moved to Kreuzberg, Berlin.\nNotable musicians and groups signed on Four Music are\n\n3Plusss\nAfrob\nBlumentopf (until 2009)\nCasper\nChakuza\nClueso\nFreundeskreis (until 2007)\nGentleman (until 2010)\nJason Rowe\nJoy Denalane\nLance Butters\nMark Forster\nMarteria\nMax Herre\nMiss Platnum\nSon Goku (until 2002)In 2004, Max Herre's debut album, Confidence by Gentleman and Viel by Die Fantastischen Vier were among the Top 3 in German album charts. The same year the opening concert for the Popkomm solely consisted of artists signed on Four Music.\nIn July 2005 the record label Sony BMG Music Entertainment took over 50% of Four Music Productions for a seven-figure sum of money. According to the Annual Report of Four Music GmbH of fiscal year 2009 to 2010, Sony Music Entertainment Germany GmbH has acquired all the shares of Four Music GmbH.", "Q149557": "Justin Raimondo (born Dennis Raimondo; November 18, 1951 \u2013 June 27, 2019) was an American author and the editorial director of Antiwar.com. He described himself as a \"conservative-paleo-libertarian.\"\n\n", "Q186326": "Ry\u016bnosuke Akutagawa (\u82a5\u5ddd \u9f8d\u4e4b\u4ecb, Akutagawa Ry\u016bnosuke, 1 March 1892 \u2013 24 July 1927), art name Ch\u014dk\u014dd\u014d Shujin (\u6f84\u6c5f\u5802\u4e3b\u4eba), was a Japanese writer active in the Taish\u014d period in Japan. He is regarded as the \"Father of the Japanese short story\" and Japan's premier literary award, the Akutagawa Prize, is named after him. He died by suicide at the age of 35 through an overdose of barbital.", "Q1233734": "Moran Lee \"Dock\" Boggs (February 7, 1898 \u2013 February 7, 1971) was an influential old-time singer, songwriter and banjo player. His style of banjo playing, as well as his singing, is considered a unique combination of Appalachian folk music and African-American blues. Contemporary folk musicians and performers consider him a seminal figure, at least in part because of the appearance of two of his recordings from the 1920s, \"Sugar Baby\" and \"Country Blues\", on Harry Smith's 1951 collection Anthology of American Folk Music. Boggs was first recorded in 1927 and again in 1929, although he worked primarily as a coal miner for most of his life. He was \"rediscovered\" during the folk music revival of the 1960s and spent much of his later life playing at folk music festivals and recording for Folkways Records.", "Q189015": "Ruggero (or Ruggiero) Leoncavallo (UK: LAY-on-kav-AL-oh, US: LAY-ohn-k\u0259-VAH-loh, -\u2060kah-, Italian: [rud\u02c8d\u0292\u025b\u02d0ro le\u02cco\u014bka\u02c8vallo]; 23 April 1857 \u2013 9 August 1919) was an Italian opera composer and librettist. Although he produced numerous operas and other songs throughout his career it is his opera Pagliacci (1892) that remained his lasting contribution, despite attempts to escape the shadow of his greatest success.\nToday he remains largely known for Pagliacci, one of the most popular works in the repertory, appearing as number 20 on the Operabase list of the most-performed operas worldwide in the 2013/14 season. His other well-known works include the song \"Mattinata\", popularized by Enrico Caruso, as well as the symphonic poem La nuit de mai.", "Q3151770": "D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia is a public university based in Moscow, Russia. It is the largest higher educational institution and research center of chemistry and chemical engineering in Russia, and one of the largest in the world.\nThe university was founded in 1898 as a technical college, based on a popular proposal by professors from the Imperial Moscow Technical School to specially train \u201cChemical and Mechanical Engineer Assistants\u201d approved by the Moscow City Duma on February 9, 1880, to commemorate the 25th Anniversary of the Tsar Alexander II's reign. The college was later named in honor of Dmitri Mendeleev and was extensively expanded during the Soviet era, receiving the Order of Lenin and Order of the Red Banner of Labor awards. In 1992, the Russian government awarded the college the status of university, and in 2014, D. Mendeleev University was given the ranking D by accrediting agency Expert RA and listed as one of the best higher education institutions in the Commonwealth of Independent States.D. Mendeleev University operates several campuses in Moscow and a branch in the nearby city of Novomoskovsk, Tula Oblast. The university's main campus is located at Miusskaya Square in the Tverskoy District of the Central Administrative Okrug in Moscow.", "Q860963": "Manuel Gondra Pereira (1 January 1871 \u2013 8 March 1927) is 21st President of Paraguay from 25 November 1910 to 11 January 1911 and from 15 August 1920 to 31 October 1921. He was also an author, a journalist and a member of the Liberal Party.", "Q71998": "Mikhail Pavlovich Shishkin (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d, born 18 January 1961) is a Russian writer and the only author to have won the Russian Booker Prize (2000), the Russian National Bestseller (2005) and Big Book Prize (2010). His books were translated into 30 languages. He writes also in German.", "Q577896": "Peter Jablonski (born 1971) is a Swedish concert pianist.", "Q622807": "Voice acting in Japan (seiy\u016b) is acting as a narrator or as an actor in radio plays or as a character actor in anime and video games. It also involves performing voice-overs for non-Japanese movies and television programs. Because Japan's large animation industry produces 60% of the animated series in the world, voice acting in Japan has a far greater prominence than voice acting in most other countries.\nSome voice actors\u2014especially certain voice actresses\u2014often have devoted international fan-clubs. Some fans may watch a show merely to hear a particular voice actor. Some Japanese voice actors have capitalized on their fame to become singers and many others have become live movie or television actors.\nThere are around 130 voice acting schools in Japan. Broadcast companies and talent agencies often have their own troupes of vocal actors. Magazines focusing specifically on voice acting are published in Japan, with Voice Animage being the longest running.\nThe term character voice (abbreviated CV), has been commonly used since the 1980s by such Japanese anime magazines as Animec and Newtype to describe a voice actor associated with a particular anime or game character.", "Q41683": "Thucydides (; Ancient Greek: \u0398\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03c5\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 Thouk\u016bd\u00edd\u0113s [t\u02b0u\u02d0ky\u02d0d\u00edd\u025b\u02d0s]; c.\u2009 460 \u2013 c.\u2009 400 BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His History of the Peloponnesian War recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of \"scientific history\" by those who accept his claims to have applied strict standards of impartiality and evidence-gathering and analysis of cause and effect, without reference to intervention by the deities, as outlined in his introduction to his work.He also has been called the father of the school of political realism, which views the political behavior of individuals and the subsequent outcomes of relations between states as ultimately mediated by, and constructed upon, the emotions of fear and self-interest. His text is still studied at universities and military colleges worldwide. The Melian dialogue is regarded as a seminal work of international relations theory, while his version of Pericles' Funeral Oration is widely studied by political theorists, historians, and students of the classics.\nMore generally, Thucydides developed an understanding of human nature to explain behaviour in such crises as plagues, massacres, and civil war.", "Q556858": "Jos\u00e9 Luis Victor Cura G\u00f3mez (born 5 December 1962 in Rosario, Argentina) is an Argentine operatic tenor, conductor, director, scenographer and photographer known for intense and original interpretations of opera characters, notably Otello in Verdi\u2019s Otello, Samson in Saint-Sa\u00ebns\u2019 Samson et Dalila, Canio in Ruggero Leoncavallo's Pagliacci, Stiffelio in Giuseppe Verdi's Stiffelio and many others.\n2007 saw the world-premiere of La Commedia \u00e8 finita. The show, designed and directed by Jos\u00e9 Cura \u2013 in which he also sang the lead role of Canio \u2013 marked the beginning of his career as a director and scenographer. He followed this with his productions of Samson et Dalila at the Badisches Staatstheater in 2010 (in which he also sang the title role) as well as La Rondine at the Op\u00e9ra national de Lorraine (in which he also conducted) and Cavalleria Rusticana and Pagliacci at the Op\u00e9ra Royal de Wallonie, both in 2012 \u2013 singing the roles of Turiddu and Canio in both as well.\n\n", "Q1580969": "This article is about the German composer. For the Austrian composer, see Hans Lang.Hans Lang (20 August 1897 \u2013 17 July 1968) was a German composer. He studied at the Akademie der Tonkunst in Munich with Joseph Haas from 1921 to 1926. In 1927 he joined the faculty at the Rheinische Musikhochschule in Cologne, where he taught for three years. In 1930 he became a teacher at the Konservatorium in Nuremberg and took the role of headmaster at the St\u00e4dtische Berufsschule f\u00fcr Musiker in Munich from 1936. From 1940 to 1943 he taught at the Musikhochschule in Munich and then at the P\u00e4dagogische Hochschule in Eichst\u00e4tt until 1958. His compositions mainly consist of works for choral works, and vocal art songs. He also wrote several works for the accordion which are still popular today.", "Q187038": "David Carradine (born John Arthur Carradine; December 8, 1936 \u2013 June 3, 2009) was an American actor best known for playing martial arts roles. He is perhaps best known as the star of the 1970s television series Kung Fu, playing Kwai Chang Caine, a peace-loving Shaolin monk travelling through the American Old West. He also portrayed the titular character of both of the Kill Bill films.\nDavid Carradine was a member of the Carradine family of actors that began with his father, John Carradine. The elder Carradine's acting career, which included major and minor roles on stage and television, and in cinema, spanned more than four decades. A prolific \"B\" movie actor, David Carradine appeared in more than 100 feature films in a career spanning more than six decades. He received nominations for a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award for his work on Kung Fu, and received three additional Golden Globe nominations for his performances in the Woody Guthrie biopic Bound for Glory (1976), the television miniseries North and South (1985), and Quentin Tarantino's Kill Bill: Volume 2, for which he won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor.\nThroughout his life, Carradine was arrested and prosecuted for a variety of offenses, which often involved substance abuse. \nFilms that featured Carradine continued to be released after his death. These posthumous credits were from a variety of genres including action, documentaries, drama, horror, martial arts, science fiction, and westerns. In addition to his acting career, Carradine was a director and musician. Moreover, influenced by his Kung Fu role, he studied martial arts. On April 1, 1997, Carradine received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q37073": "Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern forms in the US and the UK during the mid-1950s. The terms \"popular music\" and \"pop music\" are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many diverse styles. \"Pop\" and \"rock\" were roughly synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they became quite separated from each other.\nAlthough much of the music that appears on record charts is seen as pop music, the genre is distinguished from chart music. Pop music often borrows elements from other styles such as urban, dance, rock, Latin, and country; nevertheless, there are many key elements that define pop music. Identifying factors usually include short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the verse-chorus structure), as well as common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes and hooks.", "Q3331996": "M\u00e1ximo San Rom\u00e1n C\u00e1ceres is a Peruvian mechanical engineer, businessman and former politician. He was President of Peru between 1992 and 1993, a term that was marked by the authoritarian government of Alberto Fujimori. Considered the legal Head of State during Fujimori's ruling by decree of his self-coup, he did not hold real power.", "Q746359": "The music industry consists of the companies and individuals that earn money by creating new songs and pieces and selling live concerts and shows, audio and video recordings, compositions and sheet music, and the organizations and associations that aid and represent music creators. Among the many individuals and organizations that operate in the industry are: the songwriters and composers who create new songs and musical pieces; the singers, musicians, conductors and bandleaders who perform the music; the companies and professionals who create and sell recorded music and/or sheet music (e.g., music publishers, music producers, recording studios, engineers, record labels, retail and online music stores, performance rights organizations); and those that help organize and present live music performances (sound engineers, booking agents, promoters, music venues, road crew).\nThe industry also includes a range of professionals who assist singers and musicians with their music careers (talent managers, artists and repertoire managers, business managers, entertainment lawyers); those who broadcast audio or video music content (satellite, Internet radio stations, broadcast radio and TV stations); music journalists and music critics; DJs; music educators and teachers; musical instrument manufacturers; as well as many others. In addition to the businesses and artists who work in the music industry to make a profit or income, there is a range of organizations that also play an important role in the music industry, including musician's unions (e.g., American Federation of Musicians), not-for-profit performance-rights organizations (e.g., American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) and other associations (e.g., International Alliance for Women in Music, a non-profit organization that advocates for women composers and musicians).\nThe modern Western music industry emerged between the 1930s and 1950s, when records replaced sheet music as the most important product in the music business. In the commercial world, \"the recording industry\"\u2014a reference to recording performances of songs and pieces and selling the recordings\u2013began to be used as a loose synonym for \"the music industry\". In the 2000s, a majority of the music market is controlled by three major corporate labels: the French-owned Universal Music Group, the Japanese-owned Sony Music Entertainment, and the US-owned Warner Music Group. Labels outside of these three major labels are referred to as independent labels (or \"indies\"). The largest portion of the live music market for concerts and tours is controlled by Live Nation, the largest promoter and music venue owner. Live Nation is a former subsidiary of iHeartMedia Inc, which is the largest owner of radio stations in the United States.\nIn the first decades of the 2000s, the music industry underwent drastic changes with the advent of widespread digital distribution of music via the Internet (which includes both illegal file sharing of songs and legal music purchases in online music stores). A conspicuous indicator of these changes is total music sales: since 2000, sales of recorded music have dropped off substantially while live music has increased in importance. In 2011, the largest recorded music retailer in the world was now a digital, Internet-based platform operated by a computer company: Apple Inc.'s online iTunes Store. Since 2011, the Music Industry has seen consistent sales growth with streaming now generating more revenue per annum than digital downloads. Spotify and Apple lead the way with online digital streaming.", "Q76749": "Edith Stein (religious name Teresia Benedicta a Cruce ; also known as St. Edith Stein or St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross; 12 October 1891 \u2013 9 August 1942) was a German Jewish philosopher who converted to Catholicism and became a Discalced Carmelite nun. She is canonized as a martyr and saint of the Catholic Church, and she is one of six co-patron saints of Europe.\nShe was born into an observant Jewish family, but had become an atheist by her teenage years. Moved by the tragedies of World War I, in 1915 she took lessons to become a nursing assistant and worked in an infectious diseases hospital. After completing her doctoral thesis from the University of G\u00f6ttingen in 1916, she obtained an assistantship at the University of Freiburg.\nFrom reading the works of the reformer of the Carmelite Order, Teresa of \u00c1vila, she was drawn to the Catholic faith. She was baptized on 1 January 1922 into the Catholic Church. At that point, she wanted to become a Discalced Carmelite nun, but was dissuaded by her spiritual mentors. She then taught at a Catholic school of education in Speyer. As a result of the requirement of an \"Aryan certificate\" for civil servants promulgated by the Nazi government in April 1933 as part of its Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, she had to quit her teaching position.\nShe was admitted to the Discalced Carmelite monastery in Cologne the following October. She received the religious habit of the Order as a novice in April 1934, taking the religious name Teresa Benedicta of the Cross. In 1938, she and her sister Rosa, by then also a convert and an extern sister (tertiaries of the Order, who would handle the community\u2032s needs outside the monastery), were sent to the Carmelite monastery in Echt, Netherlands, for their safety. Despite the Nazi invasion of that state in 1940, they remained undisturbed until they were arrested by the Nazis on 2 August 1942 and sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp, where they are alleged to have died in the gas chamber on 9 August 1942.", "Q78764": "Adolf Josef Lanz a.k.a. J\u00f6rg Lanz, who called himself Lanz von Liebenfels (19 July 1874 \u2013 22 April 1954), was an Austrian political and racial theorist and occultist, who was a pioneer of Ariosophy. He was a former monk and the founder of the magazine Ostara, in which he published anti-semitic and v\u00f6lkisch theories.", "Q1265214": "Todd Mitchell Palin (born September 6, 1964) is an American oil field production operator, commercial fisherman and was First Gentleman of Alaska from 2006 to 2009. He was the husband of former Alaska governor Sarah Palin, the 2008 Republican vice presidential nominee with John McCain.", "Q46852": "Ia\u0219i (UK: YASH-ee, US: YAHSH(-ee), Romanian: [\u02c8ja\u0283\u02b2] (listen)), also referred to as Jassy or Iassy (UK: YASS-ee, US: YAH-see), is the second largest city in Romania, and the seat of Ia\u0219i County. Located in the historical region of Moldavia, Ia\u0219i has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Romanian social, cultural, academic and artistic life. The city was the capital of the Principality of Moldavia from 1564 to 1859, then of the United Principalities from 1859 to 1862, and the capital of Romania from 1916 to 1918.\nKnown as The Cultural Capital of Romania, Ia\u0219i is a symbol in Romanian history. The historian Nicolae Iorga said \"There should be no Romanian who does not know of it\". Still referred to as The Moldavian Capital, Ia\u0219i is the main economic and business centre of the Moldavian region of Romania. In December 2018, Ia\u0219i was officially declared Historical capital of Romania.At the 2011 census, the city proper had a population of 290,422 (making it the fourth most populous in Romania at the time). With 474,035 residents (as of 2015), the Ia\u0219i urban area is the second most populous in Romania (after Bucharest), whereas more than 500,000 people live within its peri-urban area.Home to the oldest Romanian university and to the first engineering school, Ia\u0219i is one of the most important education and research centres of the country, and accommodates over 60,000 students in 5 public universities. The social and cultural life revolves around the Vasile Alecsandri National Theater (the oldest in Romania), the Moldova State Philharmonic, the Opera House, the Ia\u0219i Athenaeum, a famous Botanical Garden (the oldest and largest in Romania), the Central University Library (the oldest in Romania), the high quality cultural centres and festivals, an array of museums, memorial houses, religious and historical monuments. The city is also known as the site of the largest Romanian pilgrimage which takes place each year, in October.", "Q59972": "Ladislao Vajda (born Weisz L\u00e1szl\u00f3; 18 August 1906, Budapest \u2013 25 March 1965, Barcelona) was a Hungarian film director who made films in Spain, Portugal, the United Kingdom, Italy and Germany.", "Q211784": "2010: The Year We Make Contact is a 1984 science fiction film written, produced, shot and directed by Peter Hyams. It is a sequel to Stanley Kubrick's film 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), and is based on Arthur C. Clarke's sequel novel 2010: Odyssey Two (1982).\nThe film stars Roy Scheider (replacing William Sylvester), Helen Mirren, Bob Balaban and John Lithgow, along with Keir Dullea and Douglas Rain of the cast of the previous film.\n\n", "Q67644": "R\u00fcderswil is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q1323533": "Joseph Offenbach (born Joseph Ziegler; 28 December 1904 \u2013 15 October 1971) was a German actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films from 1942 to 1969.\n\n", "Q274108": "Gala \u00c9vora (born 8 February 1983) is a Spanish singer and actress who has recorded a number of hit songs and received two of her country's top acting nominations for her leading role in the 2007 biopic, Lola.", "Q214824": "Johann Friedrich Hahn (28 December 1753 in Gie\u00dfen \u2013 30 May 1779 in Zweibr\u00fccken) was a German lyric poet.\nHahn, an evangelical Lutheran, began his studies on 22 April 1771 at the University of G\u00f6ttingen, first law, then theology. On 12 September 1772 he helped to establish the G\u00f6ttinger Hainbund literary group.\nAfter his graduation he became a confidante of Johann Heinrich Voss. Because of his nationalistic outlook, Voss nicknamed him Teuthard and said he was an \"unfortunate hypochondriac\" (ungl\u00fccklicher Hypochondrist).\nOn 11 May 1774, along with Friedrich Leopold Graf zu Stolberg, he became a Freemason in the Zu den drei Rosen lodge of Hamburg. In June 1774 he helped found the Zum goldenen Zirkel lodge in G\u00f6ttingen, and on 18 November 1774 he was elected Master.He died on 30 May 1779 at the age of twenty-five, apparently in the throes of mental illness.", "Q1432117": "Horace Richard Crane (November 4, 1907 \u2013 April 19, 2007) was an American physicist, the inventor of the Race Track Synchrotron, a recipient of President Ronald Reagan's National Medal of Science \"for the first measurement of the magnetic moment and spin of free electrons and positrons\".\nHe was also noted for proving the existence of neutrinos. The National Academy of Sciences called Crane \"an extraordinary physicist\". The University of Michigan called him \"one of the most distinguished experimental physicists of the 20th century\". Crane was a chairman of the department of physics\n and a professor of physics at the University of Michigan, a member of the National Academy of Sciences.During World War 2, he worked on radar at MIT and proximity fuses at the Carnegie Institution of Washington and the University of Michigan. He consulted for the National Defense Research Commission and the Office of Scientific Research and Development.From 1957 to 1960, Crane was President of the Midwestern Universities Research Association. In addition, he was President of the American Association of Physics Teachers in 1965, and on the Board of Governors of the American Institute of Physics from 1964 to 1975.Dr. Crane was a supporter of higher education all his life. He and his wife donated money and time to Washtenaw Community College, in Ann Arbor Township, Michigan, with a building being named after them. Their effort was to encourage making higher education accessible to all the residents in the county, and their efforts are documented on the campus itself.", "Q272579": "Glynis Johns (born 5 October 1923) is a retired British stage, television and film actress, dancer, pianist, and singer. Born in Pretoria, South Africa while her parents were on tour, she is best known for creating the role of Desiree Armfeldt in A Little Night Music on Broadway, for which she won a Tony Award, and for playing Winifred Banks in Walt Disney's musical motion picture Mary Poppins. In both roles she sang songs written specifically for her, including \"Send In the Clowns\", composed by Stephen Sondheim, and \"Sister Suffragette\", written by the Sherman Brothers. She was nominated for an Oscar for her work in the 1960 film The Sundowners. She is known for the breathy quality of her husky voice and her upbeat persona.", "Q2655470": "Coma is a 2012 American television miniseries based on the 1977 novel Coma by Robin Cook and the subsequent 1978 film Coma. The four-hour medical thriller was originally broadcast on A&E on September 3\u20134, 2012.The series was directed by Mikael Salomon and produced by Ridley Scott and his brother Tony Scott, the same team that adapted The Andromeda Strain into the 2008 miniseries on A&E. The film is dedicated to Tony Scott, who died in August 2012, only weeks before its broadcast premiere.", "Q608022": "Simon Charles Pendered MacCorkindale (12 February 1952 \u2013 14 October 2010) was a British actor, film director, writer and producer. He spent much of his childhood moving around due to his father serving as an Officer with the Royal Air Force. Poor eyesight prevented him following a similar career in the RAF, so he instead planned to become a theatre director. Training at the Theatre of Arts in London, he started work as an actor, making his West End debut in 1974. He went on to appear in numerous roles in television, including the series I, Claudius and Jesus of Nazareth, before starring as Simon Doyle in the film Death on the Nile (1978). This proved to be a breakthrough role and allowed him to move to the United States, where he appeared in a variety of films and TV series including Quatermass (1979), The Riddle of the Sands (1979), The Sword and the Sorcerer (1982) and Jaws 3-D (1983).\nIn 1983, MacCorkindale starred in the short-lived series Manimal as the lead character, Dr. Jonathan Chase, before taking up the longer-running role of lawyer Greg Reardon in Falcon Crest. Throughout the late 1980s and 1990s he directed and produced many stage, TV and film productions through his company Amy International Artists, such as the film Stealing Heaven (1988). Moving to Canada, he starred as Peter Sinclair in the series Counterstrike for three years. He returned to the United Kingdom in 2002 and joined the cast of the BBC medical drama Casualty, appearing in the role of Harry Harper for six years until 2008.", "Q171976": "Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 12 April [O.S. 31 March] 1823, in Moscow, Russian Empire \u2013 14 June [O.S. 2 June] 1886, in Shchelykovo, Kostroma Governorate, Russian Empire) was a Russian playwright, generally considered the greatest representative of the Russian realistic period. The author of 47 original plays, Ostrovsky \"almost single-handedly created a Russian national repertoire.\" His dramas are among the most widely read and frequently performed stage pieces in Russia.", "Q429040": "Didier Fran\u00e7ois (born in Brussels on 2 April 1969) is a Belgian musician specialized in nyckelharpa and a sculptor living in Mechelen in Belgium.", "Q205929": "Ilmenau is a town in Thuringia, Germany. It is the largest town within the Ilm district with a population of 36,000, while the district capital is Arnstadt. Ilmenau is located approximately 33 km (21 miles) south of Erfurt and 135 km (84 miles) north of Nuremberg within the Ilm valley at the northern edge of the Thuringian Forest at an elevation of 500 metres (1,640 feet).\nThe most important institution in Ilmenau is the Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Thuringia's second-largest university with about 7,000 students and an emphasis on mathematics, physics, information technology, several engineering disciplines and media studies. Its precursor was founded in 1894 and developed into a university in 1992. Since 1990, many research institutes have been established in the area around the university making Ilmenau an important hub of technological research.\nIlmenau was historically a small mining town, primarily silver and copper, until the deposits were depleted. After 1800, it was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's favourite resort because of its beautiful surroundings. In 1838, the establishment of the town as a spa led to the advent of tourism, which is still an important industry. Industrialisation started after the railway arrived in 1879, but increased rapidly during the following century primarily in glass and porcelain manufacturing. The porcelain factories closed (as in many other places in western Europe) during the 1990s. The glass industry, however, remains and produces laboratory equipment and measurement devices and is leading source of economic activity together with mechanical engineering and software engineering. Ilmenau and the surrounding region have produced many winter Olympic champions in disciplines such as luge, bobsleigh and biathlon.", "Q55190": "Sergei Fedorovich Bondarchuk \u0413\u0421\u0422 HaCCP (Russian: [s\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8\u0261\u02b2ej \u02c8f\u02b2\u0275d\u0259r\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 b\u0259nd\u0250r\u02c8t\u0255uk]; Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0447\u0443\u0301\u043a; Ukrainian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0301\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0447\u0443\u0301\u043a, Serhiy Fedorovych Bondarchuk; 25 September 1920 \u2013 20 October 1994) was a Soviet and Russian actor, film director, and screenwriter who was one of the leading figures of Russian cinema of the 1960s and 70s. He is known for his sweeping period dramas including a widely acclaimed 4-part adaptation of Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace and the Napoleonic War epic Waterloo.\nBondarchuk's work won him numerous international accolades. He was made both a Hero of Socialist Labour and a People's Artist of the USSR.", "Q119406": "Maya Graf (born 28 February 1962 in Sissach, Switzerland) is a Swiss politician. She is a member of the Council of States from the Canton of Basel-Landschaft. From 2001 to 2019, she was a member of the National Council of Switzerland. From 2012 to 2013, she was the president of the council, the first member of the Green Party to hold that seat.Graf was first elected to the National Council in 2001 and has been re-elected ever since. She was elected President of the National Council in 2012 with 173 out of 189 delegates voting in her favour.\n\n", "Q213193": "Danilo Stojkovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0458\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; 11 August 1934 \u2013 16 March 2002), commonly nicknamed Bata (\u0411\u0430\u0442\u0430), was a Serbian theatre, television and film actor. Stojkovi\u0107's numerous comedic portrayals of the \"small man fighting the system\" made him popular with Serbian and ex-Yugoslav audiences, most of them coming in collaborations with either director Slobodan \u0160ijan or scriptwriter Du\u0161an Kova\u010devi\u0107, or both.", "Q65053": "Friedrich Wilhelm, Count of Brandenburg (24 January 1792 \u2013 6 November 1850) was a German soldier and politician, who served as Minister President of Prussia from 1848 until his death.", "Q470135": "Murlidhar Devidas Amte, commonly known as Baba Amte, (26 December 1914 \u2013 9 February 2008) was an Indian social worker and social activist known particularly for his work for the rehabilitation and empowerment of people suffering from leprosy. He has received numerous awards and prizes including the Padma Vibhushan, the Dr. Ambedkar International Award, the Gandhi Peace Prize, the Ramon Magsaysay Award, the Templeton Prize and the Jamnalal Bajaj Award.He is also known as modern Gandhi of India.", "Q983434": "Larry Collins, born John Lawrence Collins Jr., (September 14, 1929 \u2013 June 20, 2005) was an American writer.", "Q45383": "Frank Kurt Zander (born 4 February 1942, Berlin) is a German singer and actor.", "Q1394": "Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (22 April 1870 \u2013 21 January 1924), better known by his alias Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia and then the wider Soviet Union became a one-party communist state governed by the Russian Communist Party. Ideologically a communist, he developed a variant of Marxism known as Leninism.\nBorn to a moderately prosperous middle-class family in Simbirsk, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's 1887 execution. Expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in protests against the Russian Empire's Tsarist government, he devoted the following years to a law degree. He moved to Saint Petersburg in 1893 and became a senior Marxist activist. In 1897, he was arrested for sedition and exiled to Shushenskoye for three years, where he married Nadezhda Krupskaya. After his exile, he moved to Western Europe, where he became a prominent theorist in the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). In 1903, he took a key role in a RSDLP ideological split, leading the Bolshevik faction against Julius Martov's Mensheviks. Encouraging insurrection during Russia's failed Revolution of 1905, he later campaigned for the First World War to be transformed into a Europe-wide proletarian revolution, which as a Marxist he believed would cause the overthrow of capitalism and its replacement with socialism. After the 1917 February Revolution ousted the Tsar and established a Provisional Government, he returned to Russia to play a leading role in the October Revolution, in which the Bolsheviks overthrew the new regime.\nLenin's Bolshevik government initially shared power with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, elected soviets, and a multi-party Constituent Assembly, although by 1918 it had centralised power in the new Communist Party. Lenin's administration redistributed land among the peasantry and nationalised banks and large-scale industry. It withdrew from the First World War by signing a treaty conceding territory to the Central Powers, and promoted world revolution through the Communist International. Opponents were suppressed in the Red Terror, a violent campaign administered by the state security services; tens of thousands were killed or interned in concentration camps. His administration defeated right and left-wing anti-Bolshevik armies in the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922 and oversaw the Polish\u2013Soviet War of 1919\u20131921. Responding to wartime devastation, famine, and popular uprisings, in 1921 Lenin encouraged economic growth through the market-oriented New Economic Policy. Several non-Russian nations had secured independence from the Russian Empire after 1917, but three were re-united into the new Soviet Union in 1922. His health failing, Lenin died in Gorki, with Joseph Stalin succeeding him as the pre-eminent figure in the Soviet government.\nWidely considered one of the most significant and influential figures of the 20th century, Lenin was the posthumous subject of a pervasive personality cult within the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. He became an ideological figurehead behind Marxism\u2013Leninism and thus a prominent influence over the international communist movement. A controversial and highly divisive historical figure, Lenin is viewed by supporters as a champion of socialism and the working class, while critics on both the left and right emphasize his role as founder and leader of an authoritarian regime responsible for political repression and mass killings.\n\n", "Q73802": "Alfred Weidenmann (10 May 1916 \u2013 9 June 2000) was a German film director and screenwriter. He directed 36 films between 1942 and 1984.", "Q3530838": "For the Florida politician see Mayors of Tallahassee, Florida\n\nThomas James Perkins (January 7, 1932 \u2013 June 7, 2016) was an American businessman, capitalist and was one of the founders of venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins.", "Q272592": "Aimee-Ffion Edwards (born 21 November 1987) is a Welsh actress. She is known for playing Sketch in Skins, Esme Shelby in Peaky Blinders, Sophie in Detectorists and Abi in Loaded.\n\n", "Q96130": "Giulia Siegel (born Julia Anna Marina Siegel, 10 November 1974, Munich) is a German actress, presenter, DJ, model, and the daughter of composer and producer Ralph Siegel. Siegel started her career in 1991 as a model using the alias Giulia Legeis (Siegel spelled backwards). She switched to using her real name professionally in 1995.", "Q448441": "Sir Anthony Joseph Francis O'Reilly, KBE, AO (born 7 May 1936), is an Irish former businessman and international rugby union player. He is known for his involvement in the Independent News & Media Group, which he led from 1973 to 2009, and as former CEO and Chairman of the H.J. Heinz Company. He was the leading shareholder of Waterford Wedgwood. Perhaps Ireland's first billionaire, as of 26 May 2014 O'Reilly is being pursued in the Irish courts for debts amounting to \u20ac22 million by AIB, following losses amounting to hundreds of millions of euros in his unsuccessful attempt to stop Denis O'Brien from assuming control of Independent News & Media.As a rugby player, he represented Ireland, the British and Irish Lions and the Barbarians and is enshrined as a member of the International Rugby Board's Hall of Fame. O'Reilly has six children and 19 grandchildren and is married to Chryss Goulandris. He lived in Lyford Cay in the Bahamas until 2017, when the property was sold for less than \u20ac12 million as part of a bankruptcy arrangement. O'Reilly now lives in Chateau des Ducs de Normandie in Bonneville-sur-Touques in France.", "Q262781": "Alison Ann Sweeney (born September 19, 1976) is an American actress, reality show host, director and author. Sweeney is best known for her portrayal of Samantha \"Sami\" Brady on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives, a role she played under contract with the show from January 6, 1993 to October 30, 2014. In this role, she has earned a Daytime Emmy Award nomination, four Soap Opera Digest Awards and a Fan Voted Daytime Emmy Award. In 2007, she became the host of The Biggest Loser, and left the series at the end of the sixteenth season in 2015.", "Q182815": "The Glove was a 1983 English musical collaboration and recording project by the Cure's Robert Smith and Siouxsie and the Banshees' Steven Severin. They released one studio album, Blue Sunshine, in 1983 as part of Severin's solo deal with Polydor. The latter came up with the band name, the album title and the blue/yellow sleeve concept, as Smith had to leave the project before completion due to Cure commitments.", "Q171745": "Jeremy John Irons (born 19 September 1948) is an English actor and activist. After receiving classical training at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, Irons began his acting career on stage in 1969 and has appeared in many West End theatre productions, including the Shakespeare plays The Winter's Tale, Macbeth, Much Ado About Nothing, The Taming of the Shrew and Richard II. In 1984, he made his Broadway debut in Tom Stoppard's The Real Thing and received a Tony Award for Best Actor.\nIrons's first major film role came in the romantic drama The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), for which he received a BAFTA nomination for Best Actor. After starring in dramas, such as Moonlighting (1982), Betrayal (1983), and The Mission (1986), he was praised for portraying twin gynaecologists in David Cronenberg's psychological thriller Dead Ringers (1988). Irons has won multiple awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actor, for his portrayal of the accused attempted murderer Claus von B\u00fclow in Reversal of Fortune (1990).\nIrons has also had roles in Steven Soderbergh's mystery thriller Kafka (1991), the period drama The House of the Spirits (1993), the romantic drama M. Butterfly (1993), the voice of Scar in Disney's The Lion King (1994), Simon Gruber in the action film Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995), the drama Lolita (1997), Musketeer Aramis in The Man in the Iron Mask (1998), the action adventure Dungeons & Dragons (2000), the drama The Merchant of Venice (2004), the drama Being Julia (2004), the epic historical drama Kingdom of Heaven (2005), the fantasy-adventure Eragon (2006), the Western Appaloosa (2008), and the indie drama Margin Call (2011). In 2016, he appeared in Assassin's Creed and portrayed Alfred Pennyworth in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice before reprising the role in Justice League (2017). In 2019, he appeared as Adrian Veidt / Ozymandias in HBO's Watchmen.\nIrons has also made many appearances in television dramas. His break-out role in the ITV series Brideshead Revisited (1981) earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination. In 2005, Irons appeared in the historical miniseries Elizabeth I, for which he received a Golden Globe and an Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actor. From 2011 to 2013, he starred as Pope Alexander VI in the Showtime historical series The Borgias. He is one of the few actors who have achieved the \"Triple Crown of Acting\" in the US, winning an Academy Award for film, an Emmy Award for television and a Tony Award for theatre. In October 2011, he was nominated the Goodwill Ambassador for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.", "Q91887": "Valerie Niehaus (born 11 October 1974) is a German actress.", "Q523592": "Paul Hammerich (12 June 1927 \u2013 16 April 1992) was a Danish journalist and writer.\nHammerich was one of the writers behind the successful Danish TV-series, Matador, which is considered one of the greatest Danish TV productions of all-time.He was married three times; from 1982 to his death with actress Malene Schwartz.", "Q116906": "Josef Zisyadis (born 17 April 1956) is a Swiss politician, a member of the Swiss Party of Labour, and of the Alternative Left (since 2010).\nBorn to Greek parents in Istanbul, and after a sojourn in Athens (1958\u20131962), he moved to Switzerland with his family in 1962, aged seven, and was later naturalized as citizen of Lausanne. He studied theology in Lausanne, graduating in 1979. During 1979-1983 he worked as pastor in the Mission populaire \u00e9vang\u00e9lique in Paris, returning to Lausanne in 1983, where he joined the Parti Ouvrier Populaire of Vaud. During 1994\u20131996, he acted as secretary of the Party of Labour.\nHe was a member of the Swiss National Council (1991\u20131996, 1999\u20132011) representing the Canton of Vaud. During 1996-1998, he was a member of the cantonal government of Vaud (Conseil d'Etat), heading the department of Justice, Police and Military affairs.\nAt the October 2007 federal elections, Zisyadis failed to win reelection, however, on 1 November 2007 successful party candidate Marianne Huguenin announced her resignation from the National Council to focus on her position as mayor of Renens, leaving Zizyadis to take the Party's seat in the National Council representing Vaud.\nZisyadis since the founding of the new party Alternative Left in 2010 is a member of that party, but also stays member of the Swiss Party of Labour.\nZisyadis again failed to retain his mandate in the 2011 elections, his seat passing to the Social Democrats. The Alternative Left coalition gathered 1.2% of the popular vote nationwide; with the loss of Zisyadis' seat, the far-left loses all representation at the federal level.", "Q4263050": "Dewi Sukarno (\u30c7\u30f4\u30a3\u30fb\u30b9\u30ab\u30eb\u30ce, Devi Sukaruno), complete name Ratna Sari Dewi Sukarno (\u30e9\u30c8\u30ca\u30fb\u30b5\u30ea\u30fb\u30c7\u30f4\u30a3\u30fb\u30b9\u30ab\u30eb\u30ce, Ratona Sari Devi Sukaruno, born Naoko Nemoto (\u6839\u672c \u4e03\u4fdd\u5b50, Nemoto Naoko); February 6, 1940), widely known in Japan as Dewi Fujin (\u30c7\u30f4\u30a3\u592b\u4eba, Lady Dewi, Madame Dewi), is a Japanese businesswoman, socialite, television personality and philanthropist. She was one of the wives of the first President of Indonesia, Sukarno.", "Q150953": "Henry VI (Heinrich VI) (November 1165 \u2013 28 September 1197), a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was King of Germany (King of the Romans) from 1169 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 until his death. From 1194 he was also King of Sicily.\nHe was the second son of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and his consort Beatrix of Burgundy. Well-educated in the Latin language, as well as Roman and canon law, Henry was also a patron of poets and a skilled poet himself. In 1186 he was married to Constance of Sicily, the posthumous daughter of the Norman king Roger II of Sicily. Henry, stuck in the Hohenstaufen conflict with the House of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic, and following his retreat Empress Constance was captured. Based on an enormous ransom for the release and submission of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy.\nHenry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a ransom, the Alamanikon, from Emperor Alexios III Angelos in return for cancelling the invasion. He made the Kingdom of Cyprus and the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia formal subjects of the empire and compelled Tunis and Tripolitania to pay tribute to him. In 1195 and 1196, he attempted to turn the Holy Roman Empire from an elective to a hereditary monarchy, the so-called Erbreichsplan, but met strong resistance from the prince-electors and abandoned the plan. Henry pledged to go on crusade in 1195 and began preparations. A revolt in Sicily was crushed in 1197. The Crusaders set sail for the Holy Land that same year but Henry died of illness at Messina on 28 September 1197 before he could join them. His death plunged the Empire into the chaos of the German throne dispute for the next 17 years.\n\n", "Q270385": "Pride & Prejudice is a 2005 romantic drama film directed by Joe Wright, in his feature directorial debut, and based on Jane Austen's 1813 novel of the same name. The film depicts five sisters from an English family of landed gentry as they deal with issues of marriage, morality and misconceptions. Keira Knightley stars in the lead role of Elizabeth Bennet, while Matthew Macfadyen plays her romantic interest Mr. Darcy. Produced by Working Title Films in association with StudioCanal, the film was released on 16 September 2005 in the United Kingdom and Ireland and on 11 November in the United States.\nScreenwriter Deborah Moggach initially attempted to make her script as faithful to the novel as possible, writing from Elizabeth's perspective while preserving much of the original dialogue. Wright, who was directing his first feature film, encouraged greater deviation from the text, including changing the dynamics within the Bennet family. Wright and Moggach set the film in an earlier period and avoided depicting a \"perfectly clean Regency world\", presenting instead a \"muddy hem version\" of the time. It was shot entirely on location in England on a 15-week schedule. Wright found casting difficult due to past performances of particular characters. The filmmakers had to balance who they thought was best for each role with the studio's desire for stars. Knightley was well-known in part from her work in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series, while Macfadyen had no international name recognition.\nThe film's themes emphasise realism, romanticism and family. It was marketed to a younger, mainstream audience; promotional items noted that it came from the producers of 2001's romantic comedy Bridget Jones's Diary before acknowledging its provenance as an Austen novel. Pride & Prejudice earned a worldwide gross of approximately $121 million, which was considered a commercial success. Pride & Prejudice earned a rating of 82% from review aggregator Metacritic, labeling it universally acclaimed. It earned four nominations at the 78th Academy Awards, including a Best Actress nomination for Knightley. Austen scholars have opined that Wright's work created a new hybrid genre by blending traditional traits of the heritage film with \"youth-oriented filmmaking techniques\".", "Q861328": "Daniel Philip Levy (born 8 February 1962) is a British businessman and the current chairman of Premier League football side Tottenham Hotspur. He has held this post since 2001, making him the longest-serving chairman in the Premier League.", "Q11739": "Lahore (; Punjabi: \u0644\u06c1\u0648\u0631; Urdu: \u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631\u200e, pronounced [l\u0251\u02d0\u02c8\u0266\u0254\u02d0r]) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab. It is the country's 2nd largest city after Karachi and 18th largest city proper in the world. Lahore is one of Pakistan's wealthiest cities, with an estimated GDP of $58.14 billion (PPP) as of 2015. Lahore is the largest city and historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab region, and is one of Pakistan's most socially liberal, progressive, and cosmopolitan cities.Lahore's origins reach into antiquity. The city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history, including the Hindu Shahis, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era. Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century, and served as its capital city for a number of years. The city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739, and fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs. Lahore eventually became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century, and regained some of its lost grandeur. Lahore was then annexed to the British Empire, and made capital of British Punjab. Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan, with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence, and the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan. Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan's independence. Following the success of the Pakistan Movement and subsequent independence in 1947, Lahore was declared capital of Pakistan's Punjab province.\nLahore exerts a strong cultural influence over Pakistan. Lahore is a major center for Pakistan's publishing industry, and remains the foremost center of Pakistan's literary scene. The city is also a major centre of education in Pakistan, with some of Pakistan's leading universities based in the city. Lahore is also home to Pakistan's film industry, Lollywood, and is a major centre of Qawwali music. The city also hosts much of Pakistan's tourist industry, with major attractions including the Walled City, the famous Badshahi and Wazir Khan mosques and Sikh shrines. Lahore is also home to the Lahore Fort and Shalimar Gardens, both of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.\n\n", "Q312514": "Michael Bolotin (born February 26, 1953), known professionally as Michael Bolton, is an American singer and songwriter. Bolton originally performed in the hard rock and heavy metal genres from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s, both on his early solo albums and those he recorded as the frontman of the band Blackjack. He became better known for his series of pop rock ballads, recorded after a stylistic change in the late 1980s.\nBolton's achievements include selling more than 75 million records, recording eight top 10 albums and two number-one singles on the Billboard charts, as well as winning six American Music Awards and two Grammy Awards.\n\n", "Q708963": "Allan Sherman (born Allan Copelon; November 30, 1924 \u2013 November 20, 1973) was an American comedy writer, television producer, singer and actor who became famous as a song parodist in the early 1960s. His first album, My Son, the Folk Singer (1962), became the fastest-selling record album up to that time. His biggest hit single was \"Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh\", a comic novelty in which a boy describes his summer camp experiences to the tune of Ponchielli's Dance of the Hours.", "Q50003": "Alberto Sordi (June 15, 1920 \u2013 February 24, 2003) was an Italian actor, voice actor, singer, director and screenwriter.\n\n", "Q1262590": "Tim Maia (Brazilian Portuguese: [t\u0283\u0129 \u02c8maj\u0250], born Sebasti\u00e3o Rodrigues Maia; September 28, 1942 \u2013 March 15, 1998) was a Brazilian musician, songwriter and businessman known for his iconoclastic, ironic, outspoken, and humorous musical style. Maia contributed to Brazilian music within a wide variety of musical genres, including soul, funk, bossa nova, disco, romantic ballads, pop, rock, jazz, bai\u00e3o and MPB. He introduced the soul style on the Brazilian musical scene. Along with Jorge Ben, Maia pioneered MPB's samba rock genre, combining samba, soul, and funk. He is internationally recognized as one of the biggest icons of the Brazilian music.\nTim Maia recorded numerous albums and toured extensively in a long career. After his early death in 1998, his recorded oeuvre has shown enduring popularity. A theatrical retrospective of his career, the popular musical Vale Tudo, was first staged in Rio de Janeiro in 2012.", "Q507424": "Feldafing (German: [\u02c8f\u025bldaf\u026a\u014b]) is a municipality in Starnberg district, Bavaria, Germany, and is located on the west shore of Lake Starnberg, southwest of Munich.\n\n", "Q123765": "Salomon Gessner (1730\u20131788) was a Swiss painter, graphic artist, government official, newspaper publisher and poet; best known in the latter instance for his Idylls.\n\n", "Q2484078": "Yvon Dupuis, (October 11, 1926 \u2013 January 1, 2017) was a Canadian politician.", "Q49552": "Miyuki Sawashiro (\u6ca2\u57ce \u307f\u3086\u304d, Sawashiro Miyuki, born June 2, 1985) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and narrator affiliated with Aoni Production. She has voiced in a number of Japanese anime dubs including Bishamon in Noragami, Petit Charat/Puchiko in Di Gi Charat, Mint in Galaxy Angel, Sinon in Sword Art Online, Twilight/Towa Akagi/Cure Scarlet in Go! Princess Precure, Beelzebub in Beelzebub, Celty Sturluson in Durarara!!, Kurapika in Hunter x Hunter, Ayane Yano in Kimi ni Todoke, Fujiko Mine in later installments of Lupin the Third, Queen in Mysterious Joker, Jun Sasada in Natsume's Book of Friends, Shinku in Rozen Maiden, Haruka Nanami in Uta no Prince-sama, Kotoha Isone in Yozakura Quartet, Kanbaru Suruga in Bakemonogatari, Jun Kanzato in Persona: Trinity Soul, Himeko Inaba in Kokoro Connect, and Lag Seeing in Tegami Bachi.", "Q173152": "The Union for a Popular Movement (French: Union pour un mouvement populaire French pronunciation: \u200b[ynj\u0254\u0303 pu\u0281 \u0153\u0303 muvm\u0251\u0303 p\u0254pyl\u025b\u0281]; UMP French pronunciation: \u200b[y.\u025bmpe]) was a centre-right political party in France that was one of the two major contemporary political parties in France along with the centre-left Socialist Party (PS). The UMP was formed in 2002 as a merger of several centre-right parties under the leadership of President Jacques Chirac. In May 2015, the party was renamed and succeeded by The Republicans (Les R\u00e9publicains).Nicolas Sarkozy, then the president of the UMP, was elected President of France in the 2007 presidential election, but was defeated by PS candidate Fran\u00e7ois Hollande in a run-off five years later. After the November 2012 party congress, the UMP experienced internal fractioning and was plagued by monetary scandals which forced its president, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Cop\u00e9, to resign. After his re-election as UMP president in November 2014, Sarkozy put forward an amendment to change the name of the party into The Republicans, which was approved and came into effect on 30 May 2015.The UMP enjoyed an absolute majority in the National Assembly from 2002 to 2012 and was a member of the European People's Party (EPP), the Centrist Democrat International (CDI) and the International Democrat Union (IDU).", "Q404887": "Aiken is the largest city in and the county seat of Aiken County, in the western portion of the state of South Carolina, United States. With Augusta, Georgia, it is one of the two largest cities of the Central Savannah River Area. It is part of the Augusta-Richmond County Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nFounded in 1835, it was named after William Aiken, the president of the South Carolina Railroad. It became part of Aiken County when the county was formed in 1871 from parts of Orangeburg, Lexington, Edgefield, and Barnwell counties.\nAiken is home to the University of South Carolina Aiken. The population was 30,778 according to 2018 U.S. Census estimates. Aiken was recognized with the All-America City Award in 1997 by the National Civic League. Aiken was also awarded the best small town of the south by Southern Living.", "Q196860": "Carl Zeth \"Z\u00e4ta\" Konstantin H\u00f6glund (29 April 1884 \u2013 13 August 1956) was a leading Swedish communist politician, anti-militarist, author, journalist and mayor (finansborgarr\u00e5d) of Stockholm (1940\u20131950).\nH\u00f6glund can be credited as the founder of the Swedish Communist movement. Zeth H\u00f6glund went on many meetings in Bolshevik Russia and was elected to the Comintern Executive Committee in 1922. In 1926, he returned to the Social Democratic party but still chose to define himself as a communist.", "Q3377928": "Axel Winge (21 May 1827 \u2013 19 December 1893) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party.\nHe was born in Christiania (now Oslo) as the son of Paul Clauss\u00f8n Winge and Anna Jakobine Gandil. In 1857 he married Elisabeth Marie \"Betzy\" Lasson, and they had the son Per Winge.He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1889, representing the constituency of Kristiania, H\u00f8nefoss og Kongsvinger . He served only one term. He was a commissioner at Kristiania Stock Exchange as well as consul at that time.", "Q221874": "Mary Louise Comingore (August 24, 1913 \u2013 December 30, 1971), best known professionally as Dorothy Comingore, was an American film actress. She is best known for starring as Susan Alexander Kane in Citizen Kane (1941), the critically acclaimed debut film of Orson Welles. In earlier films she was credited as Linda Winters, and she had appeared on the stage as Kay Winters. Her career ended when she was caught up in the Hollywood blacklist. She declined to answer questions when she was called before the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1952.", "Q69682": "Ostermundigen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nThe city is the birthplace of screen legend, Ursula Andress.\nMost of the buildings in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Old City of Bern were built from sandstone quarried in Ostermundigen.", "Q95439": "Bettina Herlitzius (born 8 July 1960 in Bad Salzuflen, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German politician, specifically a Green Party representative in the Bundestag.", "Q21822": "Bo Xilai (Chinese: \u8584\u7199\u6765; pinyin: B\u00f3 X\u012bl\u00e1i; born 3 July 1949) is a former Chinese politician and convicted criminal. He came to prominence through his tenures as Mayor of Dalian and then the governor of Liaoning. From 2004 to November 2007, he served as Minister of Commerce. Between 2007 and 2012, he served as a member of the Politburo and Communist Party Secretary of Chongqing, a major interior municipality.\nHe is the son of Bo Yibo, one of the Eight Elders of the Communist Party of China, Bo Xilai is one of the \"princelings\" of Chinese politics. He cultivated a casual and charismatic image in a marked departure from Chinese political convention. In Chongqing, Bo initiated a campaign against organized crime, increased spending on welfare programs, maintained consistent double-digit percentage GDP growth, and campaigned to revive Cultural Revolution-era \"red culture\". Bo's promotion of egalitarian values and the achievements of his \"Chongqing model\" made him the champion of the Chinese New Left, composed of both Maoists and social democrats disillusioned with the country's market-based economic reforms and increasing economic inequality. However, the perceived lawlessness of Bo's anti-corruption campaigns, coupled with concerns about the image he cultivated, made him a controversial figure.\nBo was considered a likely candidate for promotion to the elite Politburo Standing Committee in 18th Party Congress in 2012. His political fortunes came to an abrupt end following the Wang Lijun incident, in which his top lieutenant and police chief sought asylum at the American consulate in Chengdu. Wang claimed to have information about the involvement of Bo Xilai and his wife Gu Kailai in the murder of British businessman Neil Heywood, who allegedly had close financial ties to the two. In the fallout, Bo was removed as the party chief of Chongqing and lost his seat on the Politburo. He was later stripped of all his positions and lost his seat at the National People's Congress and eventually expelled from the party. In 2013, Bo was found guilty of corruption, stripped of all his assets and sentenced to life imprisonment. He is incarcerated at Qincheng Prison.", "Q3022761": "Denis Kessler (born 25 March 1952) is a French businessman. He has served as the chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer of SCOR SE since 2002. Prior to this, he served as Vice-Chairman of MEDEF and CEO of AXA.", "Q4006116": "Uolevi Manninen (7 April 1937 \u2013 10 November 2009) was a Finnish Olympic basketball player and businessman.\nBorn in \u00c4\u00e4nekoski , Uolevi Manninen was involved in Finland's most successful basketball team, which participated in the Tokyo Olympics in 1964 and finished in 11th place, and Finland finished sixth place in the European Championships held in 1967.\nThe 202 cm (6 ft 7.5 inch) Manninen also competed in the EM-Cup a total of four times and won the gold medal three times. Internationally, he played 106 times for the Finnish national basketball team.He later became a businessman, working as Kalle Anttila's Managing Director for Anttila from 1976 to 1993 and in wholesale from 1993\u20131996.", "Q10341": "Jegenstorf is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010 the former municipality of Ballmoos merged into Jegenstorf and on 1 January 2014 M\u00fcnchringen and Scheunen merged into Jegenstorf.", "Q511520": "Franca Sozzani (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8fra\u014bka sot\u02c8tsa\u02d0ni]; 20 January 1950 \u2013 22 December 2016) was an Italian journalist and the editor-in-chief of Vogue Italia from 1988 until her death in 2016.", "Q487556": "The University of Sydney (USYD, or informally Sydney Uni) is an Australian public research university in Sydney, Australia. Founded in 1850, it is Australia's first university and is regarded as one of the world's leading universities. The university is known as one of Australia's 6 sandstone universities. Its campus is ranked in the top 10 of the world's most beautiful universities by the British Daily Telegraph and The Huffington Post, spreading across the inner-city suburbs of Camperdown and Darlington. The university comprises nine faculties and university schools, through which it offers bachelor, master and doctoral degrees.\nIn 2018\u201319, the QS World University Rankings ranked Sydney as one of the world's top 25 most reputable universities, and its graduates as the top 5 most employable in the world and first in Australia.Five Nobel and two Crafoord laureates have been affiliated with the university as graduates and faculty. The university has educated seven Australian prime ministers, two governors-general of Australia, nine state governors and territory administrators, and 24 justices of the High Court of Australia, including four chief justices. Sydney has produced 110 Rhodes Scholars and 19 Gates Scholars.\nThe University of Sydney is a member of the Group of Eight, CEMS, the Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU), the Association of Commonwealth Universities and the Worldwide Universities Network.", "Q343983": "Henry Franklin Winkler OBE (born October 30, 1945) is an American actor, comedian, director, producer, and author. Winkler played the role of greaser Arthur \"Fonzie\" Fonzarelli, the breakout character of the 1970s American sitcom Happy Days. He also starred as Sy Mittleman on Adult Swim's Childrens Hospital, and as Eddie R. Lawson on USA Networks's Royal Pains. Winkler also had guest-starring roles on Arrested Development as Barry Zuckerkorn and Dr. Saperstein on Parks and Recreation. In 2018, he began appearing as Gene Cousineau on the HBO tragicomedy Barry.\nFor his role on Happy Days, he won two Golden Globe Awards and earned three Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series. Winkler won his first Primetime Emmy Award in the category Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for Barry. He also was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series for his role on The Practice and has won two Daytime Emmy Awards. Winkler also earned a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama for playing Jack Dunne in Heroes (1977), and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his role as Chuck Lumley in the film Night Shift (1982). Winkler also appeared in films like The Lords of Flatbush (1974), The One and Only (1978 film) (1978), Scream (1996), The Waterboy (1998), Holes (2003), Click (2006), and Here Comes the Boom (2012). He directed the films Memories of Me (1988) and Cop and a Half (1993).", "Q208558": "Rosalie Anderson MacDowell (born April 21, 1958) is an American actress and fashion model. She made her film debut in 1984's Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes, before receiving critical acclaim for her role in Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989), for which she won Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Drama. She also received Golden Globe Award nominations for her performances in Green Card (1990) and Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994).\nMacDowell starred in Groundhog Day (1993), Short Cuts (1993), Michael (1996), and Multiplicity (1996). She had roles in a number of less successful movies, including The End of Violence (1997), The Muse (1999) and Town & Country (2001). She later went on to star in a number of independent films, and to play supporting parts in movies such as Beauty Shop (2005), Footloose (2011), and Magic Mike XXL (2015). She received critical acclaim for the 2017 drama film Love After Love.MacDowell has modeled for Calvin Klein Inc. and has been a spokeswoman for L'Or\u00e9al since 1986, celebrating 30 years with the company in 2016.", "Q314603": "Hugh Michael Horace Dancy (born 19 June 1975) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as criminal profiler Will Graham in the NBC television series Hannibal (2013\u20132015), as Thomas Novachek in the stage play Venus in Fur (2011\u20132012), and as Adam Raki in the film Adam (2009). Dancy began his career with the title roles in the TV film David Copperfield (2000) and the miniseries Daniel Deronda (2002). He gained prominence as Prince Charmont in Ella Enchanted and Galahad in King Arthur (both 2004). His portrayal of courtier Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex in the Channel 4 miniseries Elizabeth I (2005) earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. From 2016 to 2018, he played Cal Roberts in the Hulu original series The Path.\nHe is married to American actress Claire Danes, with whom he has two children.", "Q4237367": "Kravchenko, Kirill Albertovich (born May 13, 1976 in Moscow) is Deputy Director General in charge of Administrative Affairs Gazprom Neft. Within Gazprom Neft is responsible to managing the organizational issues block, and for implementing several start-up projects of the company, for Operational Management System (OMS Etalon) and company safety. He is in charge of the introduction of \"Digitization\", a process that is implemented at the level of \"Gazprom\" group.", "Q1929155": "Michael Towne Sarin (born September 20, 1965, Stockton, California) is an American jazz drummer.\nSarin moved to the Puget Sound area as a child, where he began studying percussion as a teenager. He studied music at the University of Washington and Cornish College of the Arts in the mid-1980s. He played early in his career with Brad Schoeppach, then moved to New York City, where he worked extensively with Thomas Chapin and Dave Douglas. He has also played with Anthony Coleman, Ben Goldberg, Mark Helias, Myra Melford, Ned Rothenberg, and John Zorn.", "Q211009": "Van Helsing is a 2004 American period action horror film written and directed by Stephen Sommers. It stars Hugh Jackman as vigilante monster hunter Van Helsing, and Kate Beckinsale as Anna Valerious. The film is a homage and tribute to the Universal Horror Monster films from the 1930s and 1940s (also produced by Universal Studios which were in turn based on novels by Bram Stoker and Mary Shelley), of which Sommers is a fan.\nThe eponymous character was inspired by the Dutch vampire hunter Abraham Van Helsing from Irish author Bram Stoker's novel Dracula. Distributed by Universal Pictures, the film includes a number of monsters such as Count Dracula (And other Vampires), Frankenstein's monster, Duergar, Mr. Hyde and werewolves in a way similar to the multi-monster movies that Universal produced in the 1940s, such as Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man, House of Frankenstein and House of Dracula.\nDespite mostly negative reviews, the film grossed over $300 million worldwide.", "Q403656": "The Ganda people, or Baganda (endonym: Baganda; singular Muganda), are a Bantu ethnic group native to Buganda, a subnational kingdom within Uganda. Traditionally composed of 52 clans (although since a 1993 survey, only 46 are officially recognised), the Baganda are the largest ethnic group in Uganda, comprising 16.9 percent of the population.Sometimes described as \"The King's Men\" because of the importance of the king, or Kabaka, in their society, the Ganda number an estimated 5.6 million in Uganda. In addition, there is a significant diaspora abroad, with organised communities in Canada, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Traditionally, they speak Luganda.\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\nKabaka Mwanga II was Buganda's Last Powerful Kabaka. After his reign Buganda Kingdom's influence in the region was weakened significantly. Kabaka Mwanga II was betrayed by some of his Mengo confidants who collaborated with colonial British Bazungu to exile the Kabaka to Seychelles Islands where he later died as a loner. It was under these circumstances that Buganda Land was divided among regents and the British colonialist on behalf of the Queen of England.", "Q58339": "Disco is a genre of dance music and a subculture that emerged in the 1970s from the United States\u2019 urban nightlife scene. Its sound is typified by four-on-the-floor beats, syncopated basslines, string sections, horns, electric piano, synthesizers, and electric rhythm guitars.\nWell-known disco artists include Donna Summer, Gloria Gaynor, the Bee Gees, Chic, KC and the Sunshine Band, Thelma Houston, Sister Sledge, The Trammps, the Village People and Michael Jackson. While performers and singers garnered public attention, record producers working behind the scenes played an important role in developing the genre. Films such as Saturday Night Fever (1977) and Thank God It's Friday (1978) contributed to disco's mainstream popularity.\nDisco started as a mixture of music from venues popular with African Americans, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Italian Americans, and LGBT people in Philadelphia and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Disco can be seen as a reaction by the 1960's counterculture to both the dominance of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music at the time. Several dance styles were developed during the period of disco's popularity in the United States, including \u201cthe Bump\u201d and \u201cthe Hustle\u201d.\nBy the late 1970s, most major U.S. cities had thriving disco club scenes, and DJs would mix dance records at clubs such as Studio 54 in New York City, a venue popular among celebrities. Discoth\u00e8que-goers often wore expensive, extravagant and sexy fashions. There was also a thriving drug subculture in the disco scene, particularly for drugs that would enhance the experience of dancing to the loud music and the flashing lights, such as cocaine and Quaaludes, the latter being so common in disco subculture that they were nicknamed \"disco biscuits\". Disco clubs were also associated with promiscuity as a reflection of the sexual revolution of this era in popular history.\nDisco was the last popular music movement driven by the baby boom generation. It began to decline in the United States during 1979\u201380, and by 1982 it had lost nearly all popularity there. Disco Demolition Night, an anti-disco protest held in Chicago on July 12, 1979, remains the most well-known of several incidents across the country that symbolized disco's declining fortune.\nDisco was a key influence in the development of electronic dance music in general and house music in particular. It has had several revivals, such as Madonna's highly successful 2005 album Confessions on a Dance Floor, and more recently in the 2010s, entering the pop charts in the US and the UK.", "Q645877": "Not to be mistaken for Andrzej Kijowski, his father.Andrzej Tadeusz Kijowski (born 15 July 1954, Krak\u00f3w) is a Polish aesthetician, theatre critic, literary critic, poet and publicist. \nSon of the writer Andrzej Kijowski. From 1976 to 1989 participated in the democratic opposition. Cooperated with KOR (Workers' Defence Committee) and NOWa (Independent Printing House). From 1990 to 1994 helped to create the new self-government.\nHe worked at Nowa Telewizja and TV Polonia 1 in Warsaw from 1992 to 1995, where he made over 250 television programmes. Author of the Garden Theatre Competition and the Frascati Gardens arts festival.\nMember of the Polish Writers\u2019 Association, the Polish Journalists\u2019 Association, and the Freedom of Word Association.\nFrom 1917 Spokesman on Freedom of the Speech in the polish \u201cNational Broadcasting Council\u201d.", "Q216766": "Francisco Ignacio Madero Gonz\u00e1lez (Spanish pronunciation: [f\u027ean\u02c8sisko i\u0263\u02c8nasjo ma\u02c8\u00f0e\u027eo \u0263on\u02c8sales]; 30 October 1873 \u2013 22 February 1913) was a Mexican revolutionary, writer and statesman who served as the 33rd president of Mexico from 1911 until shortly before his assassination in 1913. A wealthy landowner, he was nonetheless an advocate for social justice and democracy. Madero was notable for challenging long-time Mexican President Porfirio D\u00edaz for the presidency in 1910 and being instrumental in sparking the Mexican Revolution.\nBorn into an extremely wealthy family in Coahuila, northern Mexico, Madero was an unusual politician, who until he ran for president in the 1910 elections, had never held office. In his 1908 book entitled The Presidential Succession in 1910, Madero called on voters to prevent the sixth reelection of Porfirio D\u00edaz, which Madero considered anti-democratic. His vision would lay the foundation for a democratic, twentieth-century Mexico, but without polarizing the social classes. To that effect, he bankrolled the opposition Anti-Reelectionist Party and urged Mexicans to oust D\u00edaz in the 1910 election. Madero's candidacy against D\u00edaz garnered widespread support in Mexico. He was possessed of independent financial means, ideological determination, and the bravery to oppose D\u00edaz when it was dangerous to do so. D\u00edaz had Madero arrested before the elections, which were then seen as fraudulent. Madero escaped from prison and issued the Plan of San Luis Potos\u00ed from the United States. For the first time, he called for an armed uprising against the illegitimately-elected D\u00edaz, and outlined a program of reform. The armed phase of the Mexican Revolution dates to his plan.\nUprisings in Morelos under Emiliano Zapata and in Mexico's north by Pascual Orozco, Pancho Villa and others and the inability of Mexican Federal Army to suppress them forced D\u00edaz's resignation on 25 May 1911, after the signing of the Treaty of Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Madero was enormously popular among many sectors, but he did not assume the presidency. An interim president was installed and elections were scheduled for fall 1911. Madero was elected president on 15 October 1911 by almost 90% of the vote. Sworn into office on 6 November 1911, he became one of Mexico's youngest elected presidents, having just turned 38.\nMadero's administration soon encountered opposition both from more radical revolutionaries and from conservatives. He did not move quickly on land reform, which was a key demand of many of his supporters. Former supporters Emiliano Zapata declared himself in rebellion against Madero in the Plan of Ayala as Pascual Orozco did in his Plan Orozquista. These were significant challenges to Madero's presidency. Labor also became disillusioned by his moderate policies. Foreign entrepreneurs were concerned that Madero was unable to maintain political stability that would keep their investments safe. Foreign governments were concerned that a destabilized Mexico would threaten the international order.\nIn February 1913, a military coup took place in the Mexican capital led by General Victoriano Huerta, the military commander of the city, and supported by the United States ambassador. Madero was arrested and a short time later assassinated along with his Vice-President, Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Pino Su\u00e1rez, on 22 February 1913, following the series of events known as the Ten Tragic Days (la Decena Tr\u00e1gica). In death, Madero became a unifying force of disparate elements in Mexico opposed to the regime of Huerta. In the north, governor of Coahuila Venustiano Carranza led what became the Constitutionalist Army against Huerta, while Zapata continued in his rebellion under the Plan of Ayala. Once Huerta was ousted in July 1914, the opposition coalition held together by Madero's memory dissolved and Mexico entered a new stage of civil war.\n\n", "Q71973": "Jakob Mauvillon (8 March 1743 \u2013 11 January 1794), son of Eleazar Mauvillon, was an 18th-century figure in German liberalism. \nHe was born in Leipzig of French Huguenot descent. He was a professor of politics at Brunswick. He advocated a radical laissez-faire philosophy, which included proposals for the privatisation of all the schools and the postal system, to be funded privately rather than by taxes. He speculated that the security functions of the state might also be voluntarily funded.Besides advocating laissez-faire in economic matters he also \"expresses a radical libertarianism that centers on freedom of the press and expression\" as revealed in a letter to the librarian of the Herzog August Bibliothek in Wolfenb\u00fcttel, Ernst Theodor Langer. He said he thinks that \"the real barbarians are those who put obstacles in the way of press freedom, and hinder research in theology, philosophy and politics; in short, those who issue decrees about censorship, edicts about religion and who forbid people to read or to think.\" He died in Braunschweig.\nMauvillon was a mentor to the French liberal Benjamin Constant.", "Q1548644": "Season of Mist is an independent record label and record distributor with subsidiaries in France and the United States. The record label was founded in 1996 by Michael S. Berberian in Marseille, France. From the start releasing black metal, pagan metal and death metal records, the label moved on to releasing albums of avant-garde metal, gothic metal and punk bands as well. The label has two offices, one in Marseille, France and one in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Q23953": "Maria Bard (7 July 1900 \u2013 April 1944) was a German stage actress, who made a handful of films in the silent era for Rimax, her first husband Wilhelm Graaff's company. \nBy 1930, her marriage with Graaff was over, and she appeared with Werner Krauss in the stage production Der Kaiser von Amerika or The King of America and the two became involved. \nUnfortunately, Krauss' wife discovered their affair and committed suicide; a year later, in 1931, Maria Bard married Werner Krauss. Her third husband was actor Hannes Stelzer. \nBard committed suicide in April 1944, reportedly for political reasons.", "Q4919890": "Bj\u00f8rn Johnny Skaar (born 14 August 1971) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.\nFrom 1996 to 1998 he was the leader of the Young Conservatives (Unge H\u00f8yre), the youth wing of the Conservative Party.\nHe served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo during the term 1997\u20132001.\nIn 2001, during the second cabinet Bondevik, Skaar was appointed political advisor in the Ministry of the Environment. In 2004 he changed ministry to the Ministry of Trade and Industry. He held the post until the change in government in 2005.", "Q65906": "Bernhard Klemens Maria Grzimek (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u0292\u026am\u025bk]; 24 April 1909 \u2013 13 March 1987) was a renowned German zoo director, zoologist, book author, editor, and animal conservationist in postwar West Germany.", "Q725629": "Larry Melvyn Evans (March 22, 1932 \u2013 November 15, 2010) was an American chess grandmaster, author, and journalist. He won or shared the U.S. Chess Championship five times and the U.S. Open Chess Championship four times. He wrote a long-running syndicated chess column and wrote or co-wrote more than twenty books on chess.\nHe is not to be confused with Larry David Evans (b. 1952), another American chessmaster who was active in the 1970s and 1980s and achieved the International Master title.", "Q138345": "The Liberal Party of Canada (French: Parti lib\u00e9ral du Canada) is the longest-serving and oldest active federal political party in Canada. The party has dominated federal politics for much of Canada's history. The Liberals held power for almost 70 years in the 20th century, which is more than any other party in a developed country. As a result, it has sometimes been referred to as Canada's \"natural governing party\".The party espouses the principles of liberalism, and generally sits at the centre to centre-left of the Canadian political spectrum, with the Conservative Party positioned to the centre-right and the New Democratic Party (who at times aligned itself with the Liberals during minority governments), occupying the centre-left to left. Like their federal Conservative Party rivals, the party is often described as a \"big tent\", attracting support from a broad spectrum of voters. In the late 1970s, Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau claimed that his Liberal Party adhered to the \"radical centre\".The Liberals' signature policies and legislative decisions include universal health care, the Canada Pension Plan, Canada Student Loans, peacekeeping, multilateralism, official bilingualism, official multiculturalism, patriating the Canadian constitution and the entrenchment of Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the Clarity Act, legalizing same-sex marriage, euthanasia, and cannabis, national carbon pricing, and reproductive choice.In the 2015 federal election, the Liberal Party under Justin Trudeau had its best result since the 2000 election, winning 39.5 percent of the popular vote and 184 seats, gaining a majority of seats in the House of Commons. However, in the 2019 federal election, they lost their majority, winning 157 seats, but they still remained the largest party in the House.", "Q616591": "Oberlin College is a private liberal arts college and conservatory of music in Oberlin, Ohio. It is the oldest coeducational liberal arts college in the United States and the second oldest continuously operating coeducational institute of higher learning in the world. The Oberlin Conservatory of Music is the oldest continuously operating conservatory in the United States. In 1835 Oberlin became one of the first colleges in the United States to admit African Americans, and in 1837 the first to admit women (other than Franklin College's brief experiment in the 1780s). It has been known since its founding for progressive student activism.The College of Arts & Sciences offers more than 50 majors, minors, and concentrations. Oberlin is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Five Colleges of Ohio consortium. Since its founding, Oberlin has graduated 16 Rhodes Scholars, 20 Truman Scholars, three Nobel laureates, seven Pulitzer Prize winners, and 12 MacArthur fellows.", "Q15239": "The Geissflue is a hill of the eastern Jura Mountains, located between the Swiss cantons of Basel-Landschaft and Solothurn. The border with the canton of Aargau runs east of the summit on the Geissfluegrat.\nThe Geissflue has an elevation of 962 metres above sea level. It is the easternmost summit above 900 metres in the Jura Mountains.", "Q254555": "Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot is a 1992 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Roger Spottiswoode and starring Sylvester Stallone and Estelle Getty. The film was released in the United States on February 21, 1992. The film received mostly negative reviews, and was a box office bomb.\nIn 2006, in response to a question about the films Stallone wished he had not done, this film was the first one he mentioned.", "Q171023": "Trebonianus Gallus (Latin: Gaius Vibius Afinius Trebonianus Gallus Augustus; 206 \u2013 August 253), also known as Gallus, was Roman Emperor from June 251 to August 253, in a joint rule with his son Volusianus.", "Q1419": "Vespasian (; Latin: Titus Flavius Vespasianus; 17 November 9 \u2013 24 June 79 AD) was Roman emperor from 69 to 79. The fourth and last in the Year of the Four Emperors, he founded the Flavian dynasty that ruled the Empire for 27 years.\nVespasian was the first emperor who hailed from an equestrian family, and only rose into the senatorial rank as the first member of his family later in his lifetime. Vespasian's renown came from his military success; he was legate of Legio II Augusta during the Roman invasion of Britain in 43 and subjugated Judaea during the Jewish rebellion of 66.While Vespasian besieged Jerusalem during the Jewish rebellion, emperor Nero committed suicide and plunged Rome into a year of civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. After Galba and Otho perished in quick succession, Vitellius became emperor in April 69. The Roman legions of Roman Egypt and Judaea reacted by declaring Vespasian, their commander, emperor on 1 July 69. In his bid for imperial power, Vespasian joined forces with Mucianus, the governor of Syria, and Primus, a general in Pannonia, leaving his son Titus to command the besieging forces at Jerusalem. Primus and Mucianus led the Flavian forces against Vitellius, while Vespasian took control of Egypt. On 20 December 69, Vitellius was defeated, and the following day Vespasian was declared emperor by the Senate.Little information survives about the government during Vespasian's ten-year rule. He reformed the financial system of Rome after the campaign against Judaea ended successfully, and initiated several ambitious construction projects, including the building of the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known today as the Roman Colosseum. Through his general Agricola, Vespasian increased imperial expansion in Britain. After his death in 79, he was succeeded by his eldest son Titus, thus becoming the first Roman emperor to be succeeded by his own natural son and establishing the Flavian dynasty.", "Q349510": "Kenneth McMillan (July 2, 1932 \u2013 January 8, 1989) was an American actor. McMillan was usually cast as gruff, hostile and unfriendly characters due to his rough image. However, he was sometimes cast in some lighter comic roles that highlighted his gentler side.", "Q715932": "Miljenko Jergovi\u0107 (born 28 May 1966) is a Bosnian writer.\n\n", "Q214171": "Rudolph Zacharias Becker (9 April 1752 in Erfurt, Archbishopric of Mainz \u2013 28 March 1822 in Gotha) was a German educator and author.", "Q9045": "Chanakya (IAST: C\u0101\u1e47akya, pronunciation ) was an ancient Indian teacher, philosopher, economist, jurist and royal advisor. He is traditionally identified as Kau\u1e6dilya or Vishnugupta, who authored the ancient Indian political treatise, the Arthashastra, a text dated to roughly between the 2nd century BCE and the 3rd century CE. As such, he is considered the pioneer of the field of political science and economics in India, and his work is thought of as an important precursor to classical economics. His works were lost near the end of the Gupta Empire and not rediscovered until the early twentieth century.Chanakya assisted the first Mauryan emperor Chandragupta in his rise to power. He is widely credited for having played an important role in the establishment of the Maurya Empire. Chanakya served as the chief advisor to both emperors Chandragupta and his son Bindusara.", "Q146857": "Roger Laurent (21 February 1913 \u2013 6 February 1997) was a racing driver and motorcycle racer from Belgium. He was born in Li\u00e8ge and died in Uccle. Laurent competed aboard a Moto Guzzi in the 1949 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, entering the Belgian Grand Prix. He also participated in two World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 22 June 1952. He scored no championship points.", "Q96656": "Martin Moller (10 November 1547 \u2013 2 March 1606) was a German poet and mystic.", "Q4705122": "Alaa Arif Batayneh (Arabic: \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629\u200e; born 1969) is a Jordanian businessman and politician. He is also the son-in-law of Prince Hassan bin Talal.", "Q138351": "Andrea Agnelli (Italian pronunciation: [an\u02c8dr\u025b\u02d0a a\u0272\u02c8\u0272\u025blli]; born 6 December 1975 in Turin) is an Italian businessman and chairman of Italian football club Juventus F.C. Since 2012, he has also served as Executive Member and Chairman of the European Club Association, and was also appointed to the UEFA Executive Committee since 2015. He is a member of the industrialist Agnelli family. He is also a board member of FIAT and Exor.", "Q28004989": "Elaine \"Jae\" Jarrell (born Elaine Annette Johnson in 1935) is an American artist best known for her fashion designs and her involvement with the Black Arts Movement of the 1960s. Influenced by her grandfather\u2019s work as a tailor, Jarrell learned about fabrics and sewing at a young age. It was learning these skills that set her on her path as an artist, fashion designer, and vintage clothing dealer.\nIn 1968, Jae Jarrell, along with Wadsworth Jarrell, Jeff Donaldson, Barbara Jones-Hogu, and Gerald Williams, founded AfriCOBRA, the African Commune of Bad Relevant Artists. As part of their manifesto, Jarrell strived to provide positive representation of the African diaspora. Her goal was to produce garments that inspired pride, power, energy, and respect in African American communities.\n\n", "Q3056792": "Ernest-Antoine Seilli\u00e8re de Laborde (born 20 December 1937 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) is a French entrepreneur and the heir to the Wendel empire (representing \u20ac730 million).He is a member of Le Si\u00e8cle think tank, an officer of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur, and an officer of the Ordre National du M\u00e9rite. Contrary to popular belief, he is not a member of the French nobility and is therefore not a French baron (although his title is said to be authentic but papal).\nHis great-grandfather, Aim\u00e9 Seilli\u00e8re (1835\u20131870) was married to Marie de Laborde (1844\u20131867) in 1865. His paternal grandfather is the French academician Ernest Seilli\u00e8re.", "Q52166": "Gaius Julius Phaedrus (; Greek: \u03a6\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2; Pha\u00eedros) was a 1st-century CE Roman fabulist and the first versifier of a collection of Aesop's fables into Latin. Few facts are known about him for certain and there was little mention of his work during late antiquity. It was not until the discovery of a few imperfect manuscripts during and following the Renaissance that his importance emerged, both as an author and in the transmission of the fables.", "Q9051": "Luxembourgish, Luxemburgish ( LUK-s\u0259m-bur-gish), Letzeburgesch ( LETS(-\u0259)-bur-GESH or LETS(-\u0259)-bur-gish) (Luxembourgish: L\u00ebtzebuergesch), or Luxembourgian is a West Germanic language that is spoken mainly in Luxembourg. About 390,000 people speak Luxembourgish worldwide.As a standard form of the Moselle Franconian language, Luxembourgish has similarities with other varieties of High German and the wider group of West Germanic languages. The status of Luxembourgish as an official language in Luxembourg and the existence there of a regulatory body, has removed Luxembourgish, at least in part, from the domain of Standard German, its traditional Dachsprache.", "Q310471": "Anton Engelbert \"Toni\" Sailer (17 November 1935 \u2013 24 August 2009) was an Austrian alpine ski racer, considered among the best in the sport. At age 20, he won all three gold medals in alpine skiing at the 1956 Winter Olympics. He nearly duplicated the feat at the 1958 World Championships with two golds and a silver. He also won world titles both years in the combined, then a \"paper\" race, but awarded with medals by the International Ski Federation (FIS).\n\n", "Q274849": "Lita Roza (14 March 1926 \u2013 14 August 2008) was an English singer whose 1953 hit record \"(How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window?\" made her the first British solo singer to top the UK Singles Chart.\n\n", "Q967759": "The Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (Polish: Socjaldemokracja Kr\u00f3lestwa Polskiego i Litwy, SDKPiL), originally the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland (SDKP), was a Marxist political party founded in 1893. It later merged into the Communist Workers Party of Poland. Its most famous member was Rosa Luxemburg.", "Q431196": "Elizabeth Robins Pennell (February 21, 1855 \u2013 February 7, 1936) was an American writer who, for most of her adult life, made her home in London. A recent researcher summed her up as \"an adventurous, accomplished, self-assured, well-known columnist, biographer, cookbook collector, and art critic\"; in addition, she wrote travelogues, mainly of European cycling voyages, and memoirs, centred on her London salon. Her biographies included the first in almost a century of the proto-feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, one of her uncle the folklorist Charles Godfrey Leland, and one of her friend the painter Whistler. In recent years, her art criticism has come under scrutiny, and her food criticism has been reprinted.", "Q2745688": "Jean-Baptiste Guimet (20 July 1795 \u2013 8 April 1871), French industrial chemist, was born at Voiron, Is\u00e8re.\nHe studied at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique in Paris, and in 1817 entered the Administration des Poudres et Salp\u00eatres. In 1828 he was awarded the prize offered by the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019encouragement pour l\u2019industrie nationale for a process of making artificial ultramarine with all the properties of the substance prepared from lapis lazuli; and six years later he resigned his official position in order to devote himself to the commercial production of that material, a factory for which he established at Fleurieu-sur-Sa\u00f4ne.His son \u00c9mile \u00c9tienne Guimet succeeded him in the direction of the factory.", "Q769423": "Andriy Skaba (Ukrainian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0430) was a Ukrainian academician, historian, director of the NASU Institute of History of Ukraine in 1968-1973. He was a veteran of World War II (in reserves).", "Q4718615": "Alexander Clunes Sheriff (1816 \u2013 17 March 1878) was an English businessman and Liberal Party politician who was active in local government and sat in the House of Commons from 1865 to his death in 1878.\nSheriff was the son of A. Sherriff. He was chairman of the Worcester Royal Porcelain Co. and the Worcester Engine Works, and had directorships of the Worcester City and County Banking Co., the Patent Shaft and Axletree Co., the Metropolitan Railway, the District Railway and the Metropolitan and St John's Wood Railway. He was an Alderman of Worcester and was sheriff and twice mayor of the city. He was also J.P. for WorcesterAt the 1865 general election Sheriff was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Worcester. He held the seat until his death aged 61 in 1878.Sheriff married Martha Tattersall, daughter of Thomas Tattersall of Armley, near Leeds in 1841.", "Q49220": "Fremont is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. It was incorporated on January 23, 1956, from the annexation of Centerville, Niles, Irvington, Mission San Jos\u00e9, and Warm Springs. The city is named after John C. Fr\u00e9mont, an American explorer and former US Senator and Military Governor of California.\nLocated in the south of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, Fremont has a rapidly-growing population of around 230,000. It is one of the largest cities by land area and the fourth most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area, behind San Jose, San Francisco, and Oakland. It directly borders and is the closest East Bay city to Silicon Valley as formally defined, and is thus often associated with it. The city has an extensive and rapidly expanding base of both tech industry and workers.\nThe area consisting of Fremont and the cities of Newark and Union City is known collectively as the Tri-City Area; different from the adjacent Tri-Valley area encompassing Pleasanton, Dublin, and Livermore.", "Q92424": "Friedrich Bassler (21 June 1909, Karlsruhe \u2013 7 September 1992, Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German hydraulic engineer.\nFrom 1961 to 1977 he was director of the Institut f\u00fcr Wasserbau und Wasserwirtschaft (Department of water engineering and management) at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt. From 1964 till 1973 Bassler helped to develop the hydro-solar energy project at the Qattara Depression further. He directed the \"Board of Advisers\" which was responsible for the planning and financing of the project. For the Egyptian government he served as an advisor on the project.", "Q444509": "Franca Rame (18 July 1929 \u2013 29 May 2013) was an Italian theatre actress, playwright and political activist. She was married to Nobel laureate playwright Dario Fo and is the mother of writer Jacopo Fo. Fo dedicated his Nobel Prize to her.\n\n", "Q145392": "Michel Ray de Carvalho (born 21 July 1944) is a British financier, former Olympic skier and luger, and former child actor in films such as The Brave One, The Tin Star, and Lawrence of Arabia (under the name Michel Ray). Born in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, his father was a Brazilian diplomat and his mother was British.", "Q18234383": "Safavid Iran or Safavid Persia (), also referred to as the Safavid Empire, was one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder empires. The Safavid shahs established the Twelver school of Shia Islam as the official religion of the empire, marking one of the most important turning points in Muslim history.\nThe Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Azerbaijan region. It was an Iranian dynasty of Kurdish origin but during their rule they intermarried with Turkoman, Georgian, Circassian, and Pontic Greek dignitaries. From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control over parts of Greater Iran and reasserted the Iranian identity of the region, thus becoming the first native dynasty since the Sasanian Empire to establish a national state officially known as Iran.The Safavids ruled from 1501 to 1722 (experiencing a brief restoration from 1729 to 1736) and, at their height, they controlled all of what is now Iran, Azerbaijan Republic, Bahrain, Armenia, eastern Georgia, parts of the North Caucasus, Iraq, Kuwait, and Afghanistan, as well as parts of Turkey, Syria, Pakistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.\nDespite their demise in 1736, the legacy that they left behind was the revival of Iran as an economic stronghold between East and West, the establishment of an efficient state and bureaucracy based upon \"checks and balances\", their architectural innovations and their patronage for fine arts. The Safavids have also left their mark down to the present era by spreading Twelver Islam in Iran, as well as major parts of the Caucasus, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia.", "Q84246": "Eduard Hanslick (11 September 1825 \u2013 6 August 1904) was a German Bohemian music critic.", "Q19417": "James Euringer (born September 7, 1969), known professionally as Jimmy Urine, is an American singer, songwriter, and musician. He is best known as the lead singer and programmer of electropunk band Mindless Self Indulgence.", "Q5576249": "Goddard College is a private low-residency college with three locations in the United States: Plainfield, Vermont; Port Townsend, Washington; and Seattle, Washington. The college offers undergraduate and graduate degree programs. With predecessor institutions dating to 1863, Goddard College was founded in 1938 as an experimental and non-traditional educational institution based on the ideas of John Dewey: that experience and education are intricately linked.Goddard College uses an intensive low-residency model. First developed for Goddard's MFA in Creative Writing Program, Goddard College operated a mix of residential, low-residency, and distance-learning programs starting in 1963 before switching to a system of 100% low-residency programs with the closure of its Residential Undergraduate Program in 2002. In most programs, each student designs their own curriculum and the college uses a student self-directed, mentored system in which faculty issue narrative evaluations of students' progress as they fulfill their program's degree criteria. Goddard offers a Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA), Master of Arts (MA), Master of Fine Arts (MFA), along with several concentrations and Licensures. It enrolls approximately 700 students, 30% of whom are undergraduates. It employs 110 faculty and 90 staff.\nAlthough the college is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education, it was placed on probation in 2018 for concerns about \"stability of executive leadership and financial resources.\"", "Q250041": "Michael Eric Hurst, ONZM (born 20 September 1957) is a British-born New Zealand actor, director and writer, mostly on stage and television. He is probably best known internationally for playing Iolaus in the television programs Hercules: The Legendary Journeys and companion series Xena: Warrior Princess. Most recently, he is known for his role in directing the popular Starz series Spartacus: Blood and Sand and Ash vs Evil Dead.", "Q876640": "The Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna (Musik und Kunst Privatuniversit\u00e4t der Stadt Wien (MUK)) in Vienna, Austria, is a university of music and the arts. It was previously (2005\u22122015) named Konservatorium Wien Privatuniversit\u00e4t (KONSuni, Konservatorium Wien University), and before that Konservatorium Wien (Conservatory of Vienna). It was established in 1938 as Musikschule der Stadt Wien. The school attained university status on 15 June 2005, as a private institution. \n\n", "Q133562": "Earl Mac Rauch is an American novelist and screenwriter.Rauch is best known for writing the screenplays for A Stranger Is Watching; New York, New York and The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension.", "Q84520": "Josef Burg (May 30, 1912 \u2013 August 10, 2009) was an award-winning Jewish Soviet Yiddish writer, author, publisher and journalist.Burg was born on May 30, 1912, in the town of Vyzhnytsia, in the region of Bukovina, Austria\u2013Hungary. In the years before World War I, the city of Chernivtsi, also called Czernowitz in both German and Yiddish, was the capital of the Bukovina region and a center of Yiddish language and culture. The region became part of Romania following World War I.\nBurg published his first professional writing in the Chernovitser Bleter, a Yiddish newspaper, in 1934. The Romanian government closed and banned the Chernovitser Bleter in 1938, on charges of Bolshevik propaganda.Burg survived the Holocaust during World War II, but lost his entire family. He took refuge in the Soviet Union.Burg continued to write and publish his works well into his 90s. In 1990, Burg revived the once banned Chernovitser Bleter newspaper as a monthly publication.Josef Burg died on August 10, 2009, in Chernivtsi, Ukraine, at the age of 97.", "Q36392": "Moldovan (dated Moldavian; limba moldoveneasc\u0103, or \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0431\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0441\u043a\u044d in Moldovan Cyrillic) is one of the two names of the Romanian language in the Republic of Moldova, prescribed by Article 13 of the current constitution; the other name, recognized by the Declaration of Independence of Moldova and the Constitutional Court of Moldova, is \"Romanian\".\nAt the official level, the Constitutional Court interpreted in 2013 that Article 13 of the current constitution is superseded by the Declaration of Independence, thus giving official status to the language name \"Romanian\".The language of the Moldovans has been historically identified by both terms. However, during the time of the Soviet Union, Moldovan, or as it was called at the time, \"Moldavian\", was the only term officially recognized when Moldova was known as the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. Soviet policy emphasized distinctions between \"Moldavians\" and Romanians due to their different histories. Its resolution declared Moldavian a distinct Romance language independent of Romanian. Since the reintroduction of the Latin script in 1989, the 1991 Declaration of Independence of Moldova identified the official language as \"Romanian\", while the 1994 Constitution used the term \"Moldovan\".\nThe status of the official language was further legislated in the early 2000s. The Parliament of the Republic of Moldova adopted a law defining \"Moldovan\" and \"Romanian\" as designations for the same language (glottonyms). In 2013, the Constitutional Court of Moldova ruled that the name \"Romanian\", as used in the Declaration of Independence to identify the official language, prevails over the name \"Moldovan\", given in Article 13 of the Constitution.The breakaway region of Transnistria continues to recognize \"Moldovan\" as one of its official languages, along with Russian and Ukrainian.In the general population, while a majority of the inhabitants in the capital city of Chi\u0219in\u0103u and, according to surveys, people with higher education call their language \"Romanian\", most rural residents indicated \"Moldovan\" as their native language in the last census.The variety of Romanian spoken in Moldova is the Moldavian subdialect, which is also spoken in northeastern Romania. The two countries share the same literary standard.The word \"Moldavian\" is also used to refer collectively to the north-eastern varieties of spoken Romanian, spread approximately within the territory of the former Principality of Moldavia (now split between Moldova, Romania and Ukraine). The Moldavian variety is considered one of the five major spoken varieties of Romanian. All five are written identically. There is no particular linguistic break at the Prut River, the border between Romania and Moldova.\nIn schools in Moldova, the term \"Romanian language\" has been used since independence. In 2007, Moldovan president Vladimir Voronin asked for the term to be changed to \"Moldovan language\", but due to public pressure against that choice, the term was not changed.The standard alphabet is equivalent to the Romanian alphabet (based on the Latin alphabet). Until 1918, varieties of the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet were used. The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet (derived from the Russian alphabet and standardised in the Soviet Union) was used in 1924\u20131932 and 1938\u201389, and remains in use in Transnistria.", "Q188492": "Seth Woodbury MacFarlane (; born October 26, 1973) is an American actor, animator, filmmaker, comedian, and singer. MacFarlane is the creator of the TV series Family Guy (1999\u2013present) and The Orville (2017\u2013present), and co-creator of the TV series American Dad! (2005\u2013present) and The Cleveland Show (2009\u20132013). He also wrote, directed, and starred in the films Ted (2012), its sequel Ted 2 (2015), and A Million Ways to Die in the West (2014).\nMacFarlane is a graduate of the Rhode Island School of Design, where he studied animation. Recruited to Hollywood, he was an animator and writer for Hanna-Barbera for several television series, including Johnny Bravo, Cow and Chicken, Dexter's Laboratory, I Am Weasel, and Larry & Steve. He made several guest appearances on TV series such as Gilmore Girls, The War at Home, Star Trek: Enterprise, and FlashForward. In 2008, he created his own YouTube series titled Seth MacFarlane's Cavalcade of Cartoon Comedy. He won several awards for his work on Family Guy, including five Primetime Emmy Awards and an Annie Award. In 2009, he won the Webby Award for Film & Video Person of the Year. He occasionally speaks at universities and colleges throughout the United States, and is an active supporter of gay rights.\nMacFarlane has performed as a singer at several venues, including Carnegie Hall in New York and the Royal Albert Hall in London. MacFarlane has released five studio albums, in the same vein of his musical idol Frank Sinatra, beginning with Music Is Better Than Words in 2011. He has been nominated for five Grammy Awards for his musical work.\nMacFarlane hosted the 85th Academy Awards in 2013 and was also nominated for Best Original Song for the song \"Everybody Needs a Best Friend\" from Ted.MacFarlane served as executive producer of the Neil deGrasse Tyson-hosted Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, an update of the 1980s Cosmos series hosted by Carl Sagan. MacFarlane was instrumental in providing funding for the series, as well as securing studio support for it from other entertainment executives.", "Q557207": "Tomoaki Ishizuka (Japanese: \u77f3\u585a \u667a\u662d, Hepburn: Ishizuka Tomoaki, born November 4, 1965 in Chiba), known exclusively by his stage name Pata, is a Japanese musician. He is best known as the rhythm guitarist for the rock band X Japan. He joined the band in 1987, stayed with them until their dissolution in 1997 and rejoined when the band started a comeback in 2007.\nA year after their breakup, he formed the short-lived duo P.A.F. with singer NoB and created the band Dope HEADz with X Japan bassist Heath and former Spread Beaver percussionist/programmer I.N.A. in 2000. Right after they ceased activity, Pata formed the instrumental band Ra:IN in 2002, which still tours extensively to this day.\nHis stage name is taken from the manga Patalliro!, as he was said to resemble the title character.", "Q259703": "Amy Marie Yasbeck (born September 12, 1962) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Casey Chappel Davenport on the sitcom Wings from 1994 to 1997, and for having played the mermaid Madison in the television film Splash, Too in 1988 (the role originated by Daryl Hannah in the film Splash). She has guest starred in several television shows and appeared in the films House II: The Second Story, Pretty Woman, Problem Child, Problem Child 2, The Mask, Robin Hood: Men in Tights and Dracula: Dead and Loving It.", "Q3661403": "Ferdinand Pierre Beer (August 8, 1915 \u2013 April 30, 2003) was a French mechanical engineer and university professor. He spent most of his career as a member of the faculty at Lehigh University, where he served as the chairman of the mechanics and mechanical engineering departments. His most significant contribution was the co-authorship of several textbooks in the field of mechanics, which have been widely cited and utilized in engineering education.", "Q4893565": "Bernard Bruce Ramsey (November 10, 1915 \u2013 July 11, 1996) was an executive with Merrill Lynch, a brokerage firm, but is best known for his philanthropic contributions to the University of Georgia.\nA native of Macon, Georgia, United States, Ramsey graduated Lanier High School before moving on to the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, where he attended what is now known as the Terry College of Business and received a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Commerce in 1937. While in college, he was a member of the Army ROTC, Delta Sigma Pi and Alpha Tau Omega fraternities, Order of the Greek Horsemen and the Gridiron Secret Society.\nAfter serving as a lieutenant colonel in United States Air Force during World War II, Ramsey joined Merrill Lynch as a salesman. By the time of his retirement in 1973, he had become a senior vice president and was the chair of the executive committee of the firm.\nOver the next two decades, he gave generously to his alma mater, culminating in a $20 million gift in 1993. He also left $18.8 million to the university in his will. To date, Ramsey is the largest individual benefactor of the University of Georgia.\nAs a result of his efforts, the names of Ramsey and his wife, Eugenia, appear frequently in conjunction with the university, especially with regards to the business school, which is home to the Bernard B. and Eugenia A. Ramsey Center for Private Enterprise. The nation's largest student recreation center and a major scholarship award are named after Ramsey, as well as numerous endowed chairs, programs, and classrooms across campus. A bronze statue of Ramsey sits on a park bench outside UGA's Honors College. The Ramsey Concert Hall is one of two musical recital halls located in the UGA Performing and Visual Arts Complex.\nRamsey also endowed the Bernard B. and Eugenia A. Ramsey Chair of Private Enterprise in the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University in 1963.", "Q1586459": "Harry Darby (January 23, 1895 \u2013 January 17, 1987) was an American politician from Kansas.", "Q82151": "The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security. Its Latin motto, fiat panis, translates to \"let there be bread\". Founded in October 1945, the FAO is the oldest existing agency of the U.N.The FAO is headquartered in Rome, Italy and maintains regional and field offices around the world, operating in over 130 countries. It helps governments and development agencies coordinate their activities to improve and develop agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and land and water resources. It also conducts research, provides technical assistance to projects, operates educational and training programs, and collects data on agricultural output, production, and development.Composed of 197 member states, the FAO is governed by a biennial conference representing each member country and the European Union, which elects a 49-member executive council. The Director-General, currently Qu Dongyu of China, serves as the chief administrative officer. There are various committees governing matters such as finance, programs, agriculture, and fisheries.\n\n", "Q521391": "Ann Rabson (April 12, 1945 \u2013 January 30, 2013) was an American blues vocalist, pianist and guitar player. She was a solo recording artist signed to Alligator Records and was a member of Saffire - The Uppity Blues Women, an acoustic blues band that disbanded amicably in 2009.", "Q243983": "Rise of the Planet of the Apes is a 2011 American science fiction action film directed by Rupert Wyatt and starring Andy Serkis, James Franco, Freida Pinto, John Lithgow, Brian Cox, Tom Felton, and David Oyelowo. Written by Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver, it is 20th Century Fox's reboot of the Planet of the Apes series, intended to act as an origin story for a new series of films. Its premise is similar to the fourth film in the original series, Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972), but it is not a direct remake of that film. In the film, a substance designed to help the brain repair itself gives advanced intelligence to a chimpanzee named Caesar, who administers the same treatment to animal shelter full of other apes to lead an uprising against humanity when he suffers abuse from the shelter, and create society for his new kind in wake.\nRise of the Planet of the Apes was released on August 5, 2011, to critical and commercial success. The film was nominated for an Oscar for Best Visual Effects. It was also nominated for five Saturn Awards including Best Director for Wyatt and Best Writing for Jaffa and Silver, winning Best Science Fiction Film, Best Supporting Actor for Serkis and Best Special Effects. Serkis's performance as Caesar was widely acclaimed, earning him many nominations from associations which do not usually recognize performance capture as traditional acting.\nA sequel to the film, Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, was released on July 11, 2014 and a third film, War for the Planet of the Apes, was released on July 14, 2017.", "Q515034": "Flavia Company (born 27 September 1963) is an Argentine novelist and writer. She was born in Buenos Aires but moved to Barcelona in 1973. She has been travelling around the world since june 2018. She works for La Vanguardia writing about her experiences and travel adventures.\nGraduate in Hispanic languages and literature, is a prolific writer in Spanish and Catalan language and translator of many genres. Her writing has been translated into English, French, Portuguese and Dutch. She is a contributor to print media and has directed and presented television programmes. She has also translated texts by Robert Saladrigas, Fleur Jaeggy, Luigi Malerba, J.P. Hodin and Italo Svevo.She is the author of more than ten novels. The Island of Last Truth has been translated into English by Laura McGloughlin.\n\n", "Q772003": "David Hykes (born March 2, 1953, Taos, New Mexico) is a composer, singer, musician, author, and meditation teacher. He was one of the earliest modern western pioneers of overtone singing, and has developed since 1975 a comprehensive approach to contemplative music which he calls Harmonic Chant (harmonic singing). After early research and trips studying Mongolian, Tibetan, and Middle Eastern singing forms, Hykes began a long series of collaborations with traditions and teachers of wisdom and sacred art, including the Dalai Lama and the Gyuto and Gyume monks.Hykes founded the Harmonic Choir in 1975, and has performed and taught Harmonic Chant and the related Harmonic Presence work in America, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Japan, Australia and many other countries. Of overtone singing and his own study of the form, music theorist Charles Madden writes, \"David Hykes has done everything I had hoped to do, and more.\" His choir incorporates both basic overtone signing as well as additional advanced forms.His work is organised within The Harmonic Presence Foundation.His song \"Rainbow Voice\" is featured in the films \"Blade: Trinity\" (2004), \"Blade\" (1998), \"Baraka\" (1992), and \"Dead Poets Society\" (1989).", "Q478596": "Grant Shapps (born 14 September 1968) is a British politician who has served as Secretary of State for Transport since 2019. Shapps also has Cabinet responsibility for the Northern Powerhouse. A member of the Conservative Party, he has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Welwyn Hatfield since the 2005 general election. He served as Chairman of the Conservative Party from 2012 to 2015, also holding the title of Minister without Portfolio in the Cabinet Office. His salary was paid by the party.Following the 2010 general election, he was appointed Minister of State for Housing and Local Government; the following 9 June, Shapps was appointed as a Privy Counsellor. On 11 May 2015, he resigned as party chair after his appointment as Minister of State for International Development. On 28 November 2015, he stood down from his ministerial position due to allegations of bullying within the Conservative Party.", "Q171989": "James Rodney Schlesinger (February 15, 1929 \u2013 March 27, 2014) was an American economist and public servant who was best known for serving as Secretary of Defense from 1973 to 1975 under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. Prior to becoming Secretary of Defense, he served as Chair of Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) from 1971 to 1973, and as CIA Director for a few months in 1973. He became America's first Secretary of Energy under Jimmy Carter in 1977, serving until 1979.\nWhile Secretary of Defense, he opposed amnesty for draft resisters and pressed for development of more sophisticated nuclear weapon systems. Additionally, his support for the A-10 and the lightweight fighter program (later the F-16) helped ensure that they were carried to completion.", "Q96124": "Count Georg Friedrich von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim (September 5, 1569 \u2013 July 7, 1645) was an officer and an amateur poet.", "Q167133": "Anthony Stewart \"Tony\" Woodcock (born 6 December 1955) is an English retired international footballer who played professionally in both England and Germany as a striker for Nottingham Forest, FC K\u00f6ln and Arsenal. Woodcock won the European Cup (now known as the UEFA Champions League) in 1979 with Nottingham Forest.\n\n", "Q533795": "Lycia Naff (born August 29, 1962) is an American dancer, actress, and journalist. She is best known as an actress for a two-episode role as Ensign Sonya Gomez on Star Trek: The Next Generation and for her brief appearance as a mutant who opens her blouse to reveal three breasts in the science fiction film Total Recall.", "Q1153087": "The Inter-American Development Bank (IADB or IDB or BID) is the largest source of development financing for Latin America and the Caribbean. Established in 1959, the IDB supports Latin American and Caribbean economic development, social development and regional integration by lending to governments and government agencies, including State corporations.\nThe IDB has four official languages: English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish. Its official names in the other three languages are as follows:\n\nIn all three other languages the Bank uses the acronym \"BID\".", "Q1066996": "Charlie Smith (April 15, 1927, New York City \u2013 January 15, 1966, New Haven, Connecticut) was an American jazz drummer.\nSmith played locally in New York in the late 1940s before taking a position accompanying Ella Fitzgerald. He worked briefly with the Duke Ellington Orchestra in 1951 before being replaced by Louie Bellson, and also played with Joe Bushkin, Erroll Garner, Slim Gaillard, Benny Goodman, Hot Lips Page, Oscar Peterson, Artie Shaw, and Slam Stewart. He performed on television with Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker in 1952, and later in the 1950s worked with Billy Taylor, Aaron Bell, and Wild Bill Davison. He relocated to New Haven around 1960, where he played with Willie Ruff and Dwike Mitchell in a trio setting. He also worked as an educator late in life.", "Q339785": "Imanol Landeta (born Imanol Goenaga Mart\u00ed on July 23, 1987), more commonly known simply as Imanol, is a retired Mexican singer and actor. His acting career started with the film \u00daltima llamada in 1996, and he has appeared in almost a dozen films and television series since. He is the son of actor Manuel Landeta. Imanol Landeta began working as an airplane pilot after retiring from show business.", "Q384204": "The Point Men is a 2001 action crime thriller film by John Glen, the director of all the James Bond films in the 1980s. He cast Maryam d'Abo, the leading Bond girl from his film The Living Daylights (1987), in a small role in this film.", "Q371925": "Corrado Alvaro (15 April 1895 in San Luca \u2013 11 June 1956 in Rome) was an Italian journalist and writer of novels, short stories, screenplays and plays. He often used the verismo style to describes the hopeless poverty in his native Calabria. His first success was Gente in Aspromonte (Revolt in Aspromonte), which examined the exploitation of rural peasants by greedy landowners in Calabria, and is considered by many critics to be his masterpiece.", "Q69866": "Wengi is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q312528": "Andrew Alan \"Drew\" Fuller (born May 19, 1980) is an American actor and former male model. He is best known for his portrayal of Chris Halliwell in the television series Charmed and for playing soldier Trevor LeBlanc on Lifetime's Army Wives.", "Q4800331": "Charles Arthur Space (October 12, 1908 \u2013 January 13, 1983) was an American film, television and stage actor. He was best known as Doc Weaver, the veterinarian, in thirty-nine episodes of the CBS television series Lassie.", "Q57750": "Kenny Davis Anthony (born 8 January 1951) is a Saint Lucian politician who was Prime Minister of Saint Lucia from 1997 to 2006 and again from 2011 to 2016. As leader of the Saint Lucia Labour Party, he was Leader of the Opposition from 2006 to 2011 and returned to office as Prime Minister on 30 November 2011 following the 2011 election. He left office after the SLP's defeat in the 2016 election and announced his resignation as party leader.", "Q77480": "Konrad von W\u00fcrzburg (died August 31, 1287) was the chief German poet of the second half of the 13th century.\nAs little is known of his life as that of any other epic poet of the age. By birth probably a native of W\u00fcrzburg, he seems to have spent part of his life in Strassburg and his later years in Basel, where he died. Like his master, Gottfried von Strassburg, W\u00fcrzburg did not belong to the nobility, from which most of the poets of the time sprang. His varied and voluminous literary work is comparatively free from the degeneration which set in so rapidly in Middle High German poetry during the 13th century.\nHis style, although occasionally diffuse, is dignified in tone; his metre is clearly influenced by Gottfried's tendency to relieve the monotony of the epic-metre with ingenious variations, but it is always correct; his narratives\u2014if we except Die halbe Birn, of which the authorship is doubtful\u2014are free from coarseness, to which the popular poets at this time were prone, and, although mysticism and allegory bulk largely in his works, they were not allowed, as in so many of his contemporaries, to usurp the place of poetry.\nW\u00fcrzburg wrote a number of legends (Alexius, Silvester, Pantaleon) illustrating Christian virtues and dogma; Der Welt Lohn, a didactic allegory on the familiar theme of Frau Welt, the woman beautiful in front, unsightly and loathsome behind. Die goldene Schmiede is a panegyric of the Virgin Mary; the Klage der Kunst, an allegorical defence of poetry.\nHis most ambitious works are two enormously long epics, Der trojanische Krieg (of more than 40,000 verses, which still left the work unfinished) and Partenopier und Meliur, both of which are based on French originals. W\u00fcrzburg's powers are to be seen to best advantage in his shorter verse romances, such as Engelhart und Engeltrut, Kaiser Otto and Das Herzemaere; the last mentioned, the theme of which has been made familiar to modern readers by Uhland in his Kastellan von Coucy, is one of the best poems of its kind in Middle High German literature.\nThere is no uniform edition of W\u00fcrzburg's works. Some examples are:\n\nDer trojanische Krieg was edited by A von Keller for the Stuttgart Literarische Verein (1858)\nPartonopier und Meliur, by K Bartsch (1871)\nDie goldene Schniede and Silvester, by W Grimm (1840 and 1841)\nAlexius, by HF Massmann (1843) and R Haczynski (1898)\nDer Welt Lohn, by F Roth (1843)\nEngelhart und Engeltrut, by Moritz Haupt (1844, 2nd ed., 1890)\nKlage der Kunst, by E Joseph (1885).The shorter poems, Otto and Herzemaere, will be found most conveniently in Erz\u00e4hlungen und Schw\u00e4nke des Mittelalters, edited by H Lambel (2nd ed., 1883). Modern German translations of W\u00fcrzburg's most popular poems have been published by K Pannier and H Kruger in Reclams Universalbibliothek (1879-1891).\nOn W\u00fcrzburg see F Pfeiffer in Germania, iii (1867), and W Goither in the Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, vol. 44 (1898), s.v. W\u00fcrzburg, Konrad von.", "Q1015788": "Yixing (simplified Chinese: \u5b9c\u5174; traditional Chinese: \u5b9c\u8208; pinyin: Y\u00edx\u012bng) is a county-level city with a population of 1.24 million administrated under the prefecture-level city of Wuxi in southern Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China, and is part of the Yangtze River Delta. The city is known for its traditional Yixing clay ware tea pots.", "Q518538": "Anna Bonitatibus (born in Potenza) is an Italian mezzo-soprano. She comes from the Basilicata region and debuted at La Scala in 1999.Bonitatibus has appeared in many bel canto operas and recordings. She has recorded several times under the direction of Alan Curtis; duets by Alessandro Scarlatti with Patrizia Ciofi, an album of Haydn arias L'infedelt\u00e0 costante, and Handel operas; Elisa in Tolomeo, and the castrato role of Ulysses in Deidamia.Bonitatibus won the International Opera Awards 2015, for the category CD (Operatic Recital) with the album Semiramide \u2013 La Signora regale, DHM.", "Q709499": "Mitchell William Miller (July 4, 1911 \u2013 July 31, 2010) was an American oboist, conductor, record producer and record industry executive. He was involved in almost all aspects of the industry, particularly as a conductor, and artist and repertoire (A&R) man. Miller was one of the most influential people in American popular music during the 1950s and early 1960s, both as the head of A&R at Columbia Records and as a best-selling recording artist with an NBC television series, Sing Along with Mitch. A graduate of the Eastman School of Music of the University of Rochester in the early 1930s, Miller began his musical career as a player of the oboe and English horn, making numerous highly regarded classical and popular recordings. He was a choral conductor on television and a recordings executive.", "Q47543": "The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Arabic: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u200e; French: Organisation de la coop\u00e9ration islamique) is an international organization founded in 1969, consisting of 57 member states, with a collective population of over 1.8 billion as of 2015 with 53 countries being Muslim-majority countries. The organisation states that it is \"the collective voice of the Muslim world\" and works to \"safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony\".The OIC has permanent delegations to the United Nations and the European Union. The official languages of the OIC are Arabic, English, and French.", "Q838261": "Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian: \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438 \u0426\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0430 / Srbija i Crna Gora, SCG), officially the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (\u0414\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438 \u0426\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0430 / Dr\u017eavna Zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora), was a country in Southeast Europe. It was created from the two remaining republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia after its breakup in 1992.\nFrom its creation to 2003, when it transitioned from a formal federation to a loose confederacy, the country was known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (\u0421\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0408\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0430 / Savezna Republika Jugoslavia), referred to colloquially as FR Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia.\nFor the first several years of its existence, the state aspired to be recognized as the sole legal successor to Yugoslavia, but those claims were opposed by other former constituent republics. The United Nations also denied its request to take up Yugoslavia's membership. Eventually, after the overthrow of Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107 from power as president of the federation in 2000, the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of the Badinter Arbitration Committee about shared succession. It re-applied for UN membership on 27 October 2000 and was admitted on 1 November.The FRY was initially dominated by Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107 as President of Serbia (1989\u20131997) and then President of Yugoslavia (1997\u20132000). Milo\u0161evi\u0107 installed and forced the removal of several federal presidents (such as Dobrica \u0106osi\u0107) and prime ministers (such as Milan Pani\u0107). However, the Montenegrin government, initially enthusiastic supporters of Milo\u0161evi\u0107, started gradually distancing themselves from his policies. That culminated in regime change in 1996, when his former ally Milo \u0110ukanovi\u0107 reversed his policies, became leader of Montenegro's ruling party and subsequently dismissed former Montenegrin leader Momir Bulatovi\u0107, who remained loyal to the Milo\u0161evi\u0107 government. As Bulatovi\u0107 was given central positions in Belgrade from that time (as federal Prime Minister), \u0110ukanovi\u0107 continued to govern Montenegro and further isolated it from Serbia. Thus from 1996 to 2006 Montenegro and Serbia were only nominally part of the same country as governance at every feasible level was conducted locally, in Belgrade for Serbia and in Podgorica for Montenegro.\nAs a loose union or confederacy, Montenegro and Serbia were united only in certain realms, such as defense and sports. The two constituent republics functioned separately throughout the period of the Federal Republic, and continued to operate under separate economic policies, as well as using separate currencies (the euro was the only legal tender in Montenegro). On 21 May 2006, the Montenegrin independence referendum was held, in which 55.5% of voters voted in favor of independence. The last vestiges of the former Yugoslavia, 88 years after its creation, came to an end upon Montenegro's formal declaration of independence on 3 June 2006, and Serbia's formal declaration of independence on 5 June. After the dissolution, Serbia became the legal successor of the union, while the newly independent Montenegro re-applied for membership in international organisations.", "Q123759": "The Organization of American States (Spanish: Organizaci\u00f3n de los Estados Americanos, Portuguese: Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos Estados Americanos, French: Organisation des \u00c9tats am\u00e9ricains), or the OAS or OEA, is a continental organization that was founded on 30 April 1948, for the purposes of solidarity and cooperation among its member states within the Western Hemisphere. During the Cold War, the United States hoped the OAS would be a bulwark against the spread of communism. Since the 1990s, the organization has focused on election monitoring. Headquartered in the United States' capital Washington, D.C., the OAS's members are the 35 independent states of the Americas.\nAs of 26 May 2015, the Secretary General of OAS is Luis Almagro.", "Q269830": "Bahar Soomekh (Persian: \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u062e\u200e, born March 30, 1975) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in Crash and the Saw franchise.", "Q84508": "Canan Top\u00e7u (born 1965, Bursa, Turkey) is a Turkish-German writer.\nShe arrived in Germany in 1973 and studied literature at Leibniz University Hannover. Her works deal mainly with migration and integration. Since 2003, she has been working as a professor at Hochschule Darmstadt.", "Q172270": "Fran\u00e7ois Picard (26 April 1921, Villefranche-sur-Sa\u00f4ne, Rh\u00f4ne \u2013 29 April 1996, Nice ) was a racing driver from France. He participated in one Formula One Grand Prix, on 19 October 1958. He scored no championship points. This race was his last, as he crashed his Cooper into Olivier Gendebien's Ferrari, which had spun in front of him, and Picard suffered serious injuries. He eventually recovered, but never raced again.", "Q76946": "Wladimir Kaminer (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440, tr. Vlad\u00edmir V\u00edktorovich Kam\u00edner; born 19 July 1967) is a Russian-born German short story writer, columnist and disc jockey of Jewish origin.\nKaminer was born in Moscow, and after initially training as an audio engineer for theatre and radio, then studied dramaturgy at the Moscow Institute of Theatre. Following the collapse of the Berlin Wall, Kaminer emigrated to Marzahn, Berlin, in 1990.From the late 1990s onward Kaminer became a prime mover in Berlin's art and literature scenes, based at the reopened Kaffee Burger club. He holds regular readings at the cafe, and also contributes regularly to various German literary organs. Kaminer also hosts a weekly radio show, called Wladimir's World, on Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg's (formerly Sender Freies Berlin) RADIOmultikulti, a station aimed at immigrants in Germany. Kaminer also regularly DJs at his \"Russendiskos\", during which he exclusively plays music by Russian bands. These discos originally began at the Kaffee Burger, but now also occasionally tour Germany.\nThough Russian is his first language, Kaminer's entire literary output is in German, and sometimes concerns the language contact situation of Russian immigrants to Germany.\nIn 2006 he announced his intention to run for Mayor of Berlin in 2011. The final chapter of his 2007 book Ich bin kein Berliner was subtitled \"My first speech as mayoral candidate\" (Meine erste Rede als B\u00fcrgermeisterkandidat).", "Q464197": "Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov (also transliterated as Jablochkoff) (\u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432 in Russian) (September 14 [O.S. September 2] 1847 \u2013 March 31 [O.S. March 19] 1894) was a Russian electrical engineer, businessman and the inventor of the Yablochkov candle (a type of electric carbon arc lamp) and the transformer.", "Q1130252": "A sporting director, or director of sport, is an executive management position in a body concerned with sport. The role is best known as a manager role at continental European football clubs, which are usually \"sports clubs\" offering many types of sports. While the coach takes care of the team in daily work, the manager or sporting director takes care of hiring the team. The sporting director is, in many cases, a member of the executive board and therefore an executive director.\nIn English football clubs both roles, director of sports and coach, are united into one person, the manager. In addition to a sporting director or manager, big clubs in rare cases also appoint a director of football, like Paris Saint-Germain or Everton. The director of football is usually not a member of the board.", "Q82179": "Punch Brothers is an American band consisting of Chris Thile (mandolin), Gabe Witcher (fiddle/violin), Noam Pikelny (banjo), Chris Eldridge (guitar), and Paul Kowert (bass). Their style has been described as \"bluegrass instrumentation and spontaneity in the structures of modern classical\" as well as \"American country-classical chamber music.\"The band's most recent album, 2018's All Ashore was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Folk Album at the 61st Grammy Awards on February 10, 2019.", "Q174601": "Jacknife is a 1989 American film directed by David Jones and starring Robert De Niro, Ed Harris and Kathy Baker. The film focuses on a small, serious story, with emphasis on characterization and the complex tension between people in a close relationship. Stephen Metcalfe, upon whose play Strange Snow (1982) the film was based, wrote the screenplay.\n\n", "Q1937431": "Organ building is the profession of designing, building, restoring and maintaining pipe organs.\nThe organ builder usually receives a commission to design an organ with a particular disposition of stops, manuals, and actions, creates a design to best respond to spatial, technical and acoustic considerations, and then constructs the instrument. The profession requires specific knowledge of such matters as the scale length of organ pipes and also familiarity with the various materials used (including woods, metals, felt, and leather) and an understanding of statics, aerodynamics, mechanics and electronics. However, although in theory the builder is responsible for all facets of construction, in practice organ building workshops include specialists in pipes, actions, and cabinets, and tasks such as manufacture of pipes, metal casting, and making rarely used components are often delegated to outside firms.\nAfter manufacture of all parts of a new organ, the pipes must be pre-tuned and voiced to the desired pitch and sound characteristics. The instrument is then usually partly or wholly assembled in the workshop, dismantled, and reassembled on-site, after which the pipes receive a final tuning and voicing.\nOrgan builders also provide regular maintenance, which includes adjustment of pipes and maintenance of the action, and repairs necessitated by wear and tear, unforeseen problems or rough treatment (including inappropriate temperature and humidity). A complete overhaul of an organ consists of disassembly of the pipes and thorough cleaning of all components and maintenance where needed; changes and additions may also be made to the instrument at the same time. Older organs may also be restored to a previous state, including recreation of damaged and missing parts using historically accurate materials and techniques.\nIn some countries, including Germany, Switzerland, and Norway, organ building is a regulated handwork profession.", "Q41132": "Barbarella is a 1968 science fiction film directed by Roger Vadim based on the comic series of the same name by Jean-Claude Forest. The film stars Jane Fonda as Barbarella, a space-traveler and representative of the United Earth government sent to find scientist Durand Durand, who has created a weapon that could destroy humanity. The cast also includes John Phillip Law, Marcel Marceau, David Hemmings, Ugo Tognazzi, and Milo O'Shea.\nAs a director who expressed an interest in comics and science fiction, Vadim was hired to direct Barbarella after producer Dino De Laurentiis purchased the film rights to the comic series. Vadim attempted to cast several actors in the title role (including Virna Lisi, Brigitte Bardot, and Sophia Loren) before choosing his then-wife, Fonda. A friend of Vadim's, Terry Southern, wrote the initial screenplay, which changed considerably during filming and led to seven other writers credited in the final release, including Vadim and Forest. The film began shooting immediately following the completion of another De Laurentiis comic adaptation, Danger: Diabolik, with both films sharing several cast and crew members.\nThe film was particularly popular in the United Kingdom, where it was the year's second-highest-grossing film. Contemporary film critics praised Barbarella's visuals and cinematography, but found its storyline weak after the first few scenes. Although several attempts at sequels, remakes, and other adaptations have been planned, none have entered production.", "Q443528": "John Boynton Priestley, OM (; 13 September 1894 \u2013 14 August 1984) was an English novelist, playwright, screenwriter, broadcaster and social commentator.\nHis Yorkshire background is reflected in much of his fiction, notably in The Good Companions (1929), which first brought him to wide public notice. Many of his plays are structured around a time slip, and he went on to develop a new theory of time, with different dimensions that link past, present, and future.\nIn 1940, he broadcast a series of short propaganda radio talks that were credited with strengthening civilian morale during the Battle of Britain. In the following years, his left-wing beliefs brought him into conflict with the government and influenced the birth of the welfare state.", "Q690904": "At the Drive-In is an American post-hardcore band from El Paso, Texas, formed in 1994. The band most recently consisted of Cedric Bixler-Zavala (vocals), Omar Rodr\u00edguez-L\u00f3pez (guitar, vocals), Paul Hinojos (bass), Tony Hajjar (drums) and Keeley Davis (guitar, vocals). After several early line-up changes, the band solidified into a five-piece, consisting of Bixler-Zavala, Rodr\u00edguez-L\u00f3pez, Jim Ward, Hinojos and Hajjar. At the Drive-In released three studio albums and five EPs before breaking up in 2001. Their third and final album before their split, 2000's Relationship of Command, received a number of accolades and is cited as a landmark of the post-hardcore genre. Following the breakup, Bixler-Zavala and Rodr\u00edguez-L\u00f3pez formed the Mars Volta while Ward, Hinojos, and Hajjar formed Sparta. At the Drive-In reunited in January 2012 and played the 2012 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, as well as the 2012 Lollapalooza Festival. In 2016, the band reunited for a second time, with guitarist and occasional lead vocalist Jim Ward no longer participating. He was replaced by Sparta's Keeley Davis. The band released their fourth studio album, in\u2022ter a\u2022li\u2022a, in 2017. At the Drive In headlined the Neon Desert Music Festival in 2018 in El Paso, Texas. The band announced an indefinite hiatus in November 2018.", "Q359059": "Terry Gilkyson was an American folk singer, composer, and lyricist.", "Q281426": "Thomas Bushnell, BSG, formerly known as Michael Bushnell (born December 13, 1967), is a software developer and Gregorian friar. He was the founder and principal architect of GNU's official kernel project, GNU Hurd. Bushnell was Hurd's official maintainer from its instigation until November 2003. Bushnell currently maintains Debian packages, and is employed by Google LLC since July 2010. He is a member of Saint Mark's Episcopal Church in Glendale, CA.", "Q65084": "Johann Samuel Ersch (23 June 1766 \u2013 16 January 1828) was a German bibliographer, generally regarded as the founder of German bibliography.", "Q107837": "Wolf Ackva (30 July 1911 \u2013 16 January 2000) was a German actor. He appeared in more than 70 films and television shows between 1935 and 1996.", "Q2821071": "Abdeljelil Zaouche (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0627\u0648\u0634\u200e), (15 December 1873, in La Marsa \u2013 3 January 1947, in Tunis) was a politician, reformer and campaigner in the Tunisian independence movement.", "Q960778": "David Rodr\u00edguez Trueba (born 10 September 1969 in Madrid) is a Spanish novelist, film director and screenwriter. He is the brother of Academy Award winner Fernando Rodr\u00edguez Trueba and the ex-husband of actress Ariadna Gil.\nHe has published two novels in Anagrama Editions.", "Q1122656": "Louis of France (3 February 1549 \u2013 24 October 1550), also known as Louis III, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans was the second son and fourth child of Henry II (31 March 1519 \u2013 10 July 1559), King of France and his wife, Catherine de' Medici, daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino and his wife Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne. He died aged 1 year and 8 months.", "Q358347": "Eagle's Wing is a Euro-Western Eastmancolor film made in 1979. It stars Martin Sheen, Sam Waterston and Harvey Keitel. It was directed by Anthony Harvey, with a story by Michael Syson and a screenplay by John Briley. It won the British Society of Cinematographers Best Cinematography Award for 1979.", "Q7732": "Louis XVI (French pronunciation: \u200b[lwi s\u025b\u02d0z]; 23 August 1754 \u2013 21 January 1793), born Louis-Auguste, was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as Citizen Louis Capet during the four months just before he was guillotined. In 1765, upon the death of his father, Louis, Dauphin of France\u2014the son and heir apparent of Louis XV\u2014Louis-Auguste became the new Dauphin of France. Upon his grandfather's death on 10 May 1774, he assumed the title King of France and Navarre, until 4 September 1791, when he received the title of King of the French until the monarchy was abolished on 21 September 1792.\nThe first part of his reign was marked by attempts to reform the French government in accordance with Enlightenment ideas. These included efforts to abolish serfdom, remove the taille (land tax) and the corv\u00e9e (labour tax), and increase tolerance toward non-Catholics as well as the abolition of the death penalty for deserters. The French nobility reacted to the proposed reforms with hostility, and successfully opposed their implementation. Louis implemented deregulation of the grain market, advocated by his economic liberal minister Turgot, but it resulted in an increase in bread prices. In periods of bad harvests, it would lead to food scarcity which would prompt the masses to revolt. From 1776, Louis XVI actively supported the North American colonists, who were seeking their independence from Great Britain, which was realised in the 1783 Treaty of Paris. The ensuing debt and financial crisis contributed to the unpopularity of the Ancien R\u00e9gime. This led to the convening of the Estates-General of 1789. Discontent among the members of France's middle and lower classes resulted in strengthened opposition to the French aristocracy and to the absolute monarchy, of which Louis and his wife, Queen Marie Antoinette, were viewed as representatives. Increasing tensions and violence were marked by events such as the storming of the Bastille, during which riots in Paris forced Louis to definitively recognize the legislative authority of the National Assembly. \nLouis' indecisiveness and conservatism led some elements of the people of France to view him as a symbol of the perceived tyranny of the Ancien R\u00e9gime, and his popularity deteriorated progressively. His disastrous flight to Varennes in June 1791, four months before the constitutional monarchy was declared, seemed to justify the rumors that the king tied his hopes of political salvation to the prospects of foreign intervention. The credibility of the king was deeply undermined, and the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic became an ever-increasing possibility.\nIn a context of civil and international war, Louis XVI was suspended and arrested at the time of the Insurrection of 10 August 1792; one month later, the absolute monarchy was abolished; the First French Republic was proclaimed on 21 September 1792. He was tried by the National Convention (self-instituted as a tribunal for the occasion), found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793, as a desacralized French citizen under the name of Citizen Louis Capet, in reference to Hugh Capet, the founder of the Capetian dynasty \u2013 which the revolutionaries interpreted as Louis' surname. Louis XVI was the only King of France ever to be executed, and his death brought an end to more than a thousand years of continuous French monarchy. Both of his sons died in childhood, before the Bourbon Restoration; his only child to reach adulthood, Marie Therese, was given over to the Austrians in exchange for French prisoners of war, eventually dying childless in 1851.\n\n", "Q909916": "The Fall were an English post-punk group, formed in 1976 in Prestwich, Greater Manchester. They underwent many line-up changes, with vocalist and founder Mark E. Smith as the only constant member. The Fall's long-term musicians included drummers Paul Hanley and Karl Burns; guitarists Marc Riley, Craig Scanlon and Brix Smith; and bassist Steve Hanley, whose melodic, circular bass lines are widely credited with shaping the band's sound from early 1980s albums such as Hex Enduction Hour to the late 1990s.First associated with the late 1970s punk movement, the Fall's music underwent numerous stylistic changes, often concurrently with changes in the group's lineup. Nonetheless, their music has generally been characterised by an abrasive, repetitive guitar-driven sound, tense bass and drum rhythms, and Smith's caustic lyrics, described by critic Simon Reynolds as \"a kind of Northern English magic realism that mixed industrial grime with the unearthly and uncanny, voiced through a unique, one-note delivery somewhere between amphetamine-spiked rant and alcohol-addled yarn.\" While the Fall never achieved widespread success beyond minor hit singles in the late 1980s and early 1990s, they have maintained a strong cult following.\nThe Fall have been called \"the most prolific band of the British post-punk movement.\" From 1979 to 2017, they released thirty-two studio albums, and more than three times that number when live albums and compilations (often released against Smith's wishes) are taken into account. They were long associated with BBC disc jockey John Peel, who championed them from early on in their career and described them as his favourite band, famously explaining, \"they are always different; they are always the same.\" Smith's death in 2018 effectively put an end to the group.", "Q456643": "Mitja Ferenc (21 March 1960) is a Slovenian historian, educator and author. \nMitja Ferenc was born in Ljubljana, the son of the renowned historian and Partisan Tone Ferenc. He graduated from modern history at the University of Ljubljana in 1985. Since 2000, he has researched the graves of people killed on Slovenian territory by the Yugoslav Communist regime after the end of World War II.Between 2002-04, he was a member of the Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia established by the Slovenian Government to document the 581 mass graves from Communist era found in Slovenia.Mitja Ferenc contributed to the European Public Hearing on \"Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes\" organised by Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union (January\u2013June 2008) and the European Commission. His work was featured in the chapter \"Secret World War Two Mass Graves in Slovenia\".He teaches history at the University of Ljubljana. He has written several books on the history of the Gottschee German community.", "Q358421": "Thomas Stewart Baker (born 20 January 1934) is an English actor and writer. He is well known for his portrayal of the fourth incarnation of the Doctor in the science fiction series Doctor Who from 1974 to 1981, a longer tenure than any other actor in the title role, and provided narration in the television comedy series Little Britain. His voice, which has been described as \"sonorous\", was voted the fourth-most recognisable in the UK in 2006.At age 15, Baker began study as a religious brother. He gradually lost his vocation, leaving religious life at age 21 to undertake national service in the Royal Army Medical Corps. Upon leaving the army, he served in the Merchant Navy and then became an actor, joining the Royal National Theatre under Laurence Olivier. He was in his thirties when his professional acting career began, and his first major film role was as Grigori Rasputin in Nicholas and Alexandra in 1971, when he was 37. He went on to play the villainous Prince Koura in The Golden Voyage of Sinbad in 1973, which led to his casting in Doctor Who.\nDuring his period as the star of Doctor Who, the series received high viewing figures and featured many stories which became regarded as classics. He remains one of the most instantly recognisable incarnations of the character. He continued to feature in regular television roles later in his career, including in the series Medics and Monarch of the Glen. He has also narrated commercials, video games, audiobooks, radio plays, and television series.\nBaker has been married three times, firstly to Anna Wheatcroft with whom he had two sons, the second time being to his Doctor Who co-star Lalla Ward. Baker met his third wife Sue Jerrard whilst working at the BBC in London.", "Q87211883": "Karoly Grosz (US: , KAH-roy GROHSS; Hungarian: [\u02c8ka\u02d0roj \u02c8\u0261ro\u02d0s]; fl. 1921\u20131938) was a Hungarian\u2013American illustrator of Classical Hollywood\u2013era film posters. As art director at Universal Pictures for the bulk of the 1930s, Grosz oversaw the company's advertising campaigns and contributed hundreds of his own illustrations. He is especially recognized for his dramatic, colorful posters for classic horror films.\nGrosz's best-known posters advertised early Universal Classic Monsters films such as Dracula (1931), Frankenstein (1931), The Mummy (1932), The Invisible Man (1933), and Bride of Frankenstein (1935). Beyond the horror genre, his other notable designs include posters for the epic war film All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) and the screwball comedy My Man Godfrey (1936). Original lithograph copies of his poster art are scarce and highly valued by collectors. Two posters illustrated by Grosz\u2014ads for Frankenstein and The Mummy, respectively\u2014have set the auction record for the world's most expensive film poster. The latter held the record for nearly 20 years and, at the time of its sale in 1997, it may have been the most expensive art print in any category.\nDespite the growth in his artwork's valuation and prominence, very little biographical information about Grosz is known. He was born in Hungary, immigrated to the United States, and worked in American film advertising between approximately 1921 and 1938, possibly earlier and later. Only a small portion of his artistic output has been attributed to him, reflecting the standard anonymity of early American film poster artists.", "Q331497": "John Whiteside \"Jack\" Parsons (born Marvel Whiteside Parsons; October 2, 1914 \u2013 June 17, 1952) was an American rocket engineer and rocket propulsion researcher, chemist, and Thelemite occultist. Associated with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Parsons was one of the principal founders of both the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the Aerojet Engineering Corporation. He invented the first rocket engine to use a castable, composite rocket propellant, and pioneered the advancement of both liquid-fuel and solid-fuel rockets.\nBorn in Los Angeles, Parsons was raised by a wealthy family on Orange Grove Avenue in Pasadena. Inspired by science fiction literature, he developed an interest in rocketry in his childhood and in 1928 began amateur rocket experiments with school friend Edward S. Forman. He dropped out of Pasadena Junior College and Stanford University due to financial difficulties during the Great Depression, and in 1934 he united with Forman and graduate student Frank Malina to form the Caltech-affiliated Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory (GALCIT) Rocket Research Group, supported by GALCIT chairman Theodore von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n. In 1939 the GALCIT Group gained funding from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to work on Jet-Assisted Take Off (JATO) for the U.S. military. After the U.S. entered World War II, they founded Aerojet in 1942 to develop and sell JATO technology; the GALCIT Group became JPL in 1943.\nAfter a brief involvement with Marxism in 1939, Parsons converted to Thelema, the English occultist Aleister Crowley's new religious movement. In 1941, with his first wife Helen Northrup, Parsons joined the Agape Lodge, the Californian branch of the Thelemite Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.). At Crowley's bidding, he replaced Wilfred Talbot Smith as its leader in 1942 and ran the Lodge from his mansion on Orange Grove Avenue. Parsons was expelled from JPL and Aerojet in 1944 due to the Lodge's infamous reputation and his hazardous workplace conduct.\nIn 1945 Parsons separated from Helen after having an affair with her sister Sara; when Sara left him for L. Ron Hubbard, he conducted the Babalon Working, a series of rituals designed to invoke the Thelemic goddess Babalon to Earth. He and Hubbard continued the procedure with Marjorie Cameron, whom Parsons married in 1946. After Hubbard and Sara defrauded him of his life savings, Parsons resigned from the O.T.O. and held various jobs while acting as a consultant for Israel's rocket program. Amid the climate of McCarthyism, he was accused of espionage and left unable to work in rocketry. In 1952 Parsons died at the age of 37 in a home laboratory explosion that attracted national media attention; the police ruled it an accident, but many associates suspected suicide or murder.\nParsons's occult and libertarian writings were published posthumously, with Western esoteric and countercultural circles citing him as one of the most significant figures in propagating Thelema across North America. Although academic interest in his scientific career was negligible, historians came to recognize Parsons's contributions to rocket engineering. For these innovations, his advocacy of space exploration and human spaceflight, and his role in founding JPL and Aerojet, Parsons is regarded as among the most important figures in the history of the U.S. space program. He has been the subject of several biographies and fictionalized portrayals, including the television drama Strange Angel.", "Q441459": "Charles Allen \"Chuck\" Ragan (born October 30, 1974) is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is the guitarist and vocalist of the band Hot Water Music. Ragan has also released a variety of solo material, including a series of 7-inches on No Idea Records, a live album and three studio albums on Side One Dummy Records.", "Q80008": "Hope is a city in Hempstead County in southwestern Arkansas, United States. Hope is the county seat of Hempstead County and the principal city of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Hempstead and Nevada counties. As of the 2010 census the population was 10,095, and in 2018 the population was estimated at 9,715.Hope is the birthplace of two long-serving Arkansas governors: Bill Clinton (who went on to become the 42nd president of the United States after the 1992 election) and Mike Huckabee (who ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 2008 and 2016). It is also the birthplace of former White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders.", "Q89992": "Julius Bacher (8 August 1810 \u2013 1889) was a German playwright and novelist from Ragnit, Province of East Prussia.", "Q87767": "Inocenc Arno\u0161t Bl\u00e1ha (1879\u20131960) was a prominent Czech sociologist and philosopher. Since 1922 the professor of sociology at the Masaryk university, Brno, 1950 pensioned. Bl\u00e1ha was the leading figure of the Brno school of sociology and author of the theoretical concept of 'federative functionalism'.", "Q504677": "Robert Zubrin (; born April 9, 1952) is an American aerospace engineer and author, best known for his advocacy of human exploration of Mars. He and his colleague at Martin Marietta, David Baker, were the driving force behind Mars Direct, a proposal in a 1990 research paper intended to produce significant reductions in the cost and complexity of such a mission. The key idea was to use the Martian atmosphere to produce oxygen, water, and rocket propellant for the surface stay and return journey. A modified version of the plan was subsequently adopted by NASA as their \"design reference mission\". He questions the delay and cost-to-benefit ratio of first establishing a base or outpost on an asteroid or another Apollo program-like return to the Moon, as neither would be able to provide all of its own oxygen, water, or energy; these resources are producible on Mars, and he expects people would be there thereafter.Disappointed with the lack of interest from government in Mars exploration and after the success of his book The Case for Mars (1996), as well as leadership experience at the National Space Society, Zubrin established the Mars Society in 1998. This is an international organization advocating a human mission to Mars as a goal, by private funding if possible.", "Q73180": "Johann Kasimir Kolbe, Graf von Wartenberg (6 February 1643, in Wetterau \u2013 4 July 1712, in Frankfurt am Main) was the first ever Minister-President (effectively Prime Minister) of the kingdom of Prussia, and the head of the \"Cabinet of Three Counts\".", "Q166563": "Vladimir Yemelyanovich Maksimov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0415\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, born Lev Alekseyevich Samsonov, \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432; 27 November 1930 \u2014 26 March 1995) was a Soviet and Russian writer, publicist, essayist and editor, one of the leading figures of the Soviet and post-Soviet dissident movement abroad.", "Q281340": "Romualdas Ozolas (31 January 1939 \u2013 6 April 2015) was a Lithuanian politician, activist, writer and pedagogue who taught at Vilnius University. He was a member of the Lithuanian branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1973 to 1990, and a member of the Lithuanian independence movement, S\u0105j\u016bdis from 1988 to 1990. In 1988, he founded the cultural Vilnija organisation. From 1990 to 1991 he served as Deputy Prime Minister of Lithuania together with Algirdas Brazauskas. He joined the Lithuanian Centre Union in 1993 and was its chairman until 2000. In 1996, he was elected to the Seimas and served until 2000. From 2003 to 2007 he chaired the National Centre Party (NCP), since renamed the Lithuanian Centre Party (LCP) in 2005. He was a winner of the Stasys \u0160alkauskis prize.", "Q3779270": "Guido Donegani (26 March 1877 in Livorno \u2013 16 April 1947 in Bordighera), was a prominent Italian engineer, businessman and politician. He was CEO and President of the Italian chemical industrial giant Montecatini from 1910-1945. Due to his support to the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini he was arrested at the end of the Second World War, but acquitted of charges of collaboration.\n\n", "Q1425": "Trajan ( TRAY-j\u0259n; Latin: Imperator Caesar Nerva Traianus Divi Nervae filius Augustus [tra\u02d0\u02c8ja\u02d0n\u028as]; 18 September 53 \u2013 8 August 117) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117. Officially declared by the Senate optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"), Trajan is remembered as a successful soldier-emperor who presided over the greatest military expansion in Roman history, leading the empire to attain its maximum territorial extent by the time of his death. He is also known for his philanthropic rule, overseeing extensive public building programs and implementing social welfare policies, which earned him his enduring reputation as the second of the Five Good Emperors who presided over an era of peace and prosperity in the Mediterranean world.\nTrajan was born in Italica, close to modern Seville in present-day Spain, an Italic settlement in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica. Although misleadingly designated by some later writers as a provincial, his family came from Umbria and he was born a Roman citizen. Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian. Serving as a legatus legionis in Hispania Tarraconensis, in 89 Trajan supported Domitian against a revolt on the Rhine led by Antonius Saturninus. In September 96, Domitian was succeeded by the old and childless Nerva, who proved to be unpopular with the army. After a brief and tumultuous year in power, culminating in a revolt by members of the Praetorian Guard, he was compelled to adopt the more popular Trajan as his heir and successor. Nerva died in 98 and was succeeded by his adopted son without incident.\nAs a civilian administrator, Trajan is best known for his extensive public building program, which reshaped the city of Rome and left numerous enduring landmarks such as Trajan's Forum, Trajan's Market and Trajan's Column. Early in his reign, he annexed the Nabataean Kingdom, creating the province of Arabia Petraea. His conquest of Dacia enriched the empire greatly, as the new province possessed many valuable gold mines.\nTrajan's war against the Parthian Empire ended with the sack of the capital Ctesiphon and the annexation of Armenia and Mesopotamia. His campaigns expanded the Roman Empire to its greatest territorial extent. In late 117, while sailing back to Rome, Trajan fell ill and died of a stroke in the city of Selinus. He was deified by the Senate and his ashes were laid to rest under the Column. He was succeeded by his cousin Hadrian, whom Trajan supposedly adopted on his deathbed.", "Q392328": "Age of the Dragons is a 2011 fantasy film directed by Ryan Little and starring Danny Glover and Vinnie Jones. A fantasy-themed reimagining of Herman Melville's classic novel, Moby Dick, it was released in the United Kingdom on March 4, 2011.\n\n", "Q3048584": "Edward Davis Jones (7 October 1856 \u2013 16 February 1920) was a U.S. statistician and Journalist, mostly known for being the \"Jones\" in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.\nA graduate of Worcester Academy in Worcester, MA, he co-founded Dow Jones & Company in 1882 along with Charles Dow and Charles Bergstresser.\nHe was not associated with Edward Jones Investments, which was founded by an unrelated Edward D. Jones.", "Q232834": "Vicki Ree Principal (born January 3, 1950), later known as Victoria Principal, is an American actress, producer, entrepreneur, and author, best known for her role as Pamela Barnes Ewing on the American primetime television soap opera series Dallas. She spent nine years on the long-running series, leaving in 1987. Afterwards, she began her own production company, Victoria Principal Productions, focusing mostly on television films. In the mid-1980s, she became interested in natural beauty therapies, and in 1989, she created a self-named line of skincare products, Principal Secret.Principal became a best-selling author, writing three books about beauty, skincare, fitness, well-being, and health: The Body Principal (1983), The Beauty Principal (1984), and The Diet Principal (1987). In the 2000s, she wrote a fourth book, Living Principal (2001). She is also a two-time Golden Globe Award nominee.", "Q61584": "Travis Tatum Mills (born April 12, 1989), previously known by his stage name T. Mills, is an American recording artist and actor from Riverside, California. Following his name change from T. Mills to Travis Mills, Mills hosts The Request Show on Apple Music's Beats 1.\n\n", "Q95363": "Sofia Franziska Stading (1763 \u2013 8 February 1836) was a Swedish opera singer of German origin. She is referred to as one of the more notable opera singers in Sweden during the Gustavian era. She was a Hovs\u00e5ngare and member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music from 1788.\n\n", "Q488659": "Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland, located adjacent to Washington, D.C. As of the 2010 census, the county's population was 971,777, increasing by 8.1% to an estimated 1,050,688 in 2019. The county seat and largest municipality is Rockville, although the census-designated place of Germantown is the most populous city within the county. Montgomery County is included in the Washington\u2013Arlington\u2013Alexandria, DC\u2013VA\u2013MD\u2013WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn forms part of the Baltimore\u2013Washington Combined Statistical Area. Most of the county's residents live in unincorporated locales, of which the most urban are Silver Spring and Bethesda, although the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg are also large population centers, as are many smaller but significant places.As one of the most affluent counties in the United States, Montgomery County also has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. The county has been ranked as one of the wealthiest in the United States. Like other inner-suburban Washington, D.C. counties, Montgomery County contains many major U.S. government offices, scientific research and learning centers, and business campuses, which provide a significant amount of revenue for the county.", "Q49208": "Rhode Island School of Design (RISD ) is a private art and design school in Providence, Rhode Island. It was founded in 1877 and offers bachelor's and master's degree programs across 19 majors.\nRISD's campus is located at the base of College Hill and contiguous with the Brown University campus. The two institutions, which share social, academic, and community resources, offer a joint degree program and students can cross register for classes.The RISD community includes 181 full-time and 421 part-time faculty members, and 2,009 undergraduate and 492 graduate students. The school has nearly 30,000 alumni.", "Q509353": "Wittmund is a town and capital of the district of Wittmund, in Lower Saxony, Germany.", "Q105946": "Prince George of Prussia (Frederick William George Ernest; 12 February 1826, D\u00fcsseldorf \u2013 2 May 1902, Berlin) was a member of the House of Hohenzollern.A man of many talents, George was at various periods of his life a Prussian general, poet and writer, often going, according to Moeller, under the sobriquets Gunther von Freiberg and George Conrad. He wrote and published over 25 plays in his lifetime.", "Q962609": "Ali-Ollie Woodson (born Ollie Creggett; September 12, 1951 \u2013 May 30, 2010) was an American R&B singer, musician, songwriter, keyboardist, drummer, and occasional actor best known for his twelve years with The Temptations alongside Otis Williams. He also worked with Aretha Franklin, Jean Carn, and Bill Pinkney.", "Q134543": "Ma Kai (Chinese: \u9a6c\u51ef; pinyin: M\u01ce K\u01cei; born June 1946 in Shanghai) was one of the four Vice Premiers of China (Fourth-ranked). He was formerly a State Councilor and Secretary General of the State Council of China.\n\n", "Q11063": "An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies \u2013 in either observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, solar astronomy, the origin or evolution of stars, or the formation of galaxies. Related but distinct subjects like physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole.\nAstronomers usually fall under either of two main types: observational and theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate models of things that cannot be observed. Because it takes millions to billions of years for a system of stars or a galaxy to complete a life cycle, astronomers must observe snapshots of different systems at unique points in their evolution to determine how they form, evolve, and die. They use these data to create models or simulations to theorize how different celestial objects work.\nFurther subcategories under these two main branches of astronomy include planetary astronomy, galactic astronomy, or physical cosmology.", "Q104480": "Alexander A. Gilman is a German violinist, academic teacher and artistic director of the LGT Young Soloists. He has been performing internationally as a soloist and chamber musician and regularly conducting masterclasses.", "Q83501": "Vladimir Prelog ForMemRS (23 July 1906 \u2013 7 January 1998) was a Croatian-Swiss organic chemist who received the 1975 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions. Prelog was born and grew up in Sarajevo. He lived and worked in Prague, Zagreb and Z\u00fcrich during his lifetime.", "Q550232": "Arthur and the Invisibles (French: Arthur et les Minimoys) is a 2006 French adventure comedy fantasy animated/live-action film adaptation of the 2002 children's book Arthur and the Minimoys, and the 2003 sequel Arthur and the Forbidden City, written by filmmaker Luc Besson, who also directed the film.\nIt premiered in limited release in France on 29 November 2006, and received wide releases in a number of countries in the following weeks. With a budget of \u20ac60 million, Arthur and the Invisibles was briefly the most expensive French film production until surpassed by Ast\u00e9rix at the Olympic Games.\nThe film received negative reviews from critics, and under-performed in the United States. It was nevertheless successful enough in France and in the rest of the world to generate two sequels, Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard and Arthur 3: The War of the Two Worlds. The film received the Imagina Award in the category Prix du Long-M\u00e9trage. The movie's soundtrack album was released on 9 January 2007.", "Q1357517": "The University of Oulu (Finnish: Oulun yliopisto) is one of the largest universities in Finland, located in the city of Oulu. It was founded on July 8, 1958. The university has around 13,000 students and 2,900 staff. 21 International Master's Programmes are offered at the university. The university is often ranked as one of the better universities in Finland and in the top-400 worldwide.", "Q260800": "Heidi Hudson Leick (born May 9, 1969) is an American actress, known for her role as villainess Callisto in the television series Xena: Warrior Princess. She is also a certified Yoga instructor and intuitive counselor at the Healing Heart Yoga Center.", "Q18735": "Kotono Mitsuishi (\u4e09\u77f3 \u7434\u4e43, Mitsuishi Kotono, born December 8, 1967) is a Japanese voice actress and narrator. She was affiliated with Arts Vision and Lasley Arrow, but is now freelance. Mitsuishi lived in Nagareyama, Chiba. She graduated from high school and entered the Katsuta Voice Actor's Academy in 1986. She is well known for her roles Usagi Tsukino in Sailor Moon, Misato Katsuragi in Neon Genesis Evangelion, and Sayaka Mine in Yaiba.", "Q2138": "Fredericton (; French pronunciation: \u200b[f\u0281\u025bde\u0281ikt\u0153n]) is the capital of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River, which flows west to east as it bisects the city. The river is the dominant natural feature of the area. One of the main urban centres in New Brunswick, the city had a population of 58,220 in the 2016 Canadian Census. It is the third-largest city in the province after Moncton and Saint John.\nAn important cultural, artistic, and educational centre for the province, Fredericton is home to two universities, the New Brunswick College of Craft and Design, and cultural institutions such as the Beaverbrook Art Gallery, the Fredericton Region Museum, and The Playhouse, a performing arts venue. The city hosts the annual Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival, attracting regional and international jazz, blues, rock, and world artists. Fredericton is also an important and vibrant centre point for the region's top visual artists; many of New Brunswick's notable artists live and work there today. Fredericton has also been home to some great historical Canadian painters as well, including Goodridge Roberts, and Molly and Bruno Bobak.\nAs a provincial capital, its economy is tied to the public sector; however, the city also contains a growing IT and commercial sector. The city has the highest percentage of residents with post-secondary education in the province and the highest per capita income of any city in New Brunswick.", "Q122335": "Ken Murray (born Kenneth Abner Doncourt, July 14, 1903 \u2013 October 12, 1988) was an American comedian, actor, radio and television personality and author.", "Q386349": "Marvin John Nance (December 21, 1943 \u2013 December 30, 1996) was an American actor of stage and screen.He was known for his work with director David Lynch, particularly for his starring roles in Eraserhead (1977) and Twin Peaks (1990\u20131991).", "Q105952": "Sylvia von Harden (March 28, 1894 \u2013 June 4, 1963), also called Sylvia von Halle, was a German journalist and poet. During her career as a journalist, she wrote for many newspapers in Germany and England. She is perhaps best known as the subject of a painting by Otto Dix.\n\n", "Q48102": "Matvei Vasilevich Zakharov (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432, August 17, 1898 \u2013 January 31, 1972) was Marshal of the Soviet Union, Chief of the General Staff, Deputy Defense Minister.", "Q1255472": "Christopher Anton Knight (born November 7, 1957) is an American actor and businessman. He is known for playing Peter Brady on the 1970s series The Brady Bunch. He has since gone on to become a successful businessman and enjoyed a semi-resurgence in the public eye with television appearances in the 2000s. His father, Edward Knight, was also an actor.", "Q452357": "Brian McGee (born 8 March 1959) is a Scottish drummer who played in different bands like Simple Minds and Endgames. His brother Owen, under the name Owen Paul, had a hit single with a cover of Marshall Crenshaw's You're My Favorite Waste of Time.McGee met future Simple Minds frontman Jim Kerr at Holyrood R.C. Secondary School, and joined him and other friends (guitarist Charlie Burchill and bassist Tony Donald) from the same school in the band Biba-Rom! around the mid-1970s, while still at school. In 1977, they formed the punk band Johnny and the Self Abusers, whose name changed to Simple Minds. He was present on the albums Life in a Day, Real to Real Cacophony, Empires and Dance and Sons and Fascination. In September 1981, he left Simple Minds after having tired of constant touring and life with the band.After working in his parents' pub, he joined Endgames, replacing David Wilde who left to tour with another Glasgow based band, Altered Images. After two albums, the band dissolved in 1985. By that time, he, along with former Simple Minds bandmate Derek Forbes, joined Propaganda, remaining until 1995. In 2009, they both formed the band Ex-Simple Minds.", "Q268284": "Michael Robert Henrion Posner ( POHZ-n\u0259r; born February 12, 1988) is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, poet, and record producer. Posner released his debut album, 31 Minutes to Takeoff, on August 10, 2010. The album includes the US Billboard Hot 100 top 10 single \"Cooler than Me\" as well as the top 20 single \"Please Don't Go\". In 2016 he released his second album, At Night, Alone. A remix of his 2015 single \"I Took a Pill in Ibiza\" from the album peaked in the top 10 on the charts in 27 countries around the world, including hitting number one in many and the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States. He has written songs for a great number of fellow artists. In March 2017, he released his first book of poetry, Tear Drops & Balloons. Posner is also a member of the alternative hip-hop and R&B duo Mansionz with Matthew Musto (aka blackbear). On April 15, 2019, Posner started to walk across the continental United States, from New Jersey to California. He completed the journey on October 18, 2019 (2851 miles in 186 days), after surviving a rattlesnake bite in August 2019 in Colorado.", "Q58311": "Avigdor Lieberman (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05b2\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u05d2\u05b0\u05d3\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05d1\u05b6\u05bc\u05e8\u05b0\u05de\u05b8\u05df, IPA: [avi\u0261\u02c8dor \u02c8liberman], (audio) , Russian: \u042d\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0438\u0301\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d, [\u026a\u02c8v\u025bt l\u02b2\u02c8vov\u026at\u0361\u0255 \u02c8l\u02b2\u026ab\u02b2\u026arm\u0250n], 5 July 1958) is a Soviet-born Israeli politician who served as the Defense Minister of Israel from 2016 to 2018; on 14 November 2018, he resigned because of a ceasefire in Gaza which he characterized as \"surrendering to terror.\" He served as Israel's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2012, and again from 2013 to 2015. He has also served as member of the Knesset and as Deputy Prime Minister of Israel.\nHe is the founder and leader of the secular nationalist Yisrael Beiteinu (Israel Our Home) party, whose electoral base has initially consisted overwhelmingly of Russian-speaking immigrants from the former Soviet Union, but later attracted broader support. Lieberman has stated his opposition to forming a coalition with religious parties and refused to join Benjamin Netanyahu's coalition in April 2019. As a result of the arrival in Israel during the 1990s of about one million Russian-speaking immigrants, Yisrael Beiteinu has regularly played the \"king-maker\" role in Israel's coalition governments.Lieberman entered the Knesset in 1999, and has served in numerous roles in the government, including as Minister of National Infrastructure, Minister of Transportation, Minister of Strategic Affairs, Deputy Prime Minister, Foreign Affairs Minister, and Minister of Defense.", "Q7040": "Homburg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u0254mb\u028a\u0281k], French: Hombourg) is a town in Saarland, Germany and the administrative seat of the county of Saarpfalz (Saar-Palatinate). With a population of approx. 41,822 inhabitants (June 30, 2017), it is the third largest town in Saarland. The medical department of the University of Saarland is situated here. The city is also home to the Karlsberg beer brewery. Major employers include Michelin and Robert Bosch GmbH.", "Q773447": "Kinder High School for the Performing and Visual Arts (Kinder HSPVA, HSPVA or PVA) is a secondary school located at 790 Austin Street in the downtown district of Houston, Texas. The school is a part of the Houston Independent School District.\nThe school educates grades nine through twelve. The school is divided into six departments: instrumental music, vocal music, dance, theater (including technical theater), visual arts, and creative writing.\nHSPVA was placed as the top school in the Greater Houston Area by Children at Risk's 2009 annual ranking of high schools, and it has continued to be ranked as an \"A\" grade or higher by Children at Risk. Since 2003, HSPVA has had eight students named US Presidential Scholars in the Arts (Presidential Scholars Program) by the US Department of Education as selected by the National YoungArts Foundation (YoungArts).As a Magnet school, HSPVA does not automatically enroll students from the surrounding neighborhood; the surrounding neighborhood is zoned to Northside High School.", "Q456131": "Gilmore David Clarke (July 12, 1892 \u2013 August 8, 1982) was an American civil engineer and landscape architect who designed many parks and public spaces in and around New York City.", "Q178991": "Pierre Claude Fran\u00e7ois Daunou (French: [donu]; 18 August 1761 \u2013 20 June 1840) was a French statesman of the French Revolution and Empire. An author and historian, he served as the nation's archivist under both the Empire and the Restoration, contributed a volume to the Histoire litt\u00e9raire de la France, and published more than twenty volumes of lectures he delivered when he held the chair of history and ethics at the Coll\u00e8ge de France.", "Q243001": "Tawny Roberts is an American former pornographic actress.", "Q120522": "Rainer Brandt (born 19 January 1936) is a German film actor. He appeared in 40 films between 1959 and 1986. He was born in Berlin, Germany.", "Q88440": "Johann Nepomuk Sepp (7 August 1816 \u2013 5 June 1909) was a German historian and politician, and a native of Bavaria.", "Q116090": "Sylvi Riitta Saimo (n\u00e9e Siki\u00f6, 12 November 1914 \u2013 12 March 2004) was a Finnish sprint canoeist, farmer and politician. She was the first female Finnish Olympic Champion at the Summer Olympics, winning a gold medal in K-1 500 m at the 1952 Summer Olympics. She also competed in cross-country skiing, athletics and orienteering. She was a member of the Finnish Parliament from 1966 to 1978.", "Q234289": "Halide Edib Ad\u0131var (Ottoman Turkish: \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u064a\u0628\u200e [ha\u02d0li\u02c8de e\u02c8dib]; sometimes spelled Halid\u00e9 Edib in English) (11 June 1884 \u2013 9 January 1964) was a Turkish novelist, nationalist, and political leader for women's rights. She was best known for her novels criticizing the low social status of Turkish women and what she saw as the lack of interest of most women in changing their situation.\nDuring World War I, Halide Edib ran an orphanage at the former Saint Joseph College in Antoura for Armenian orphans.She was a Pan-Turkist and several of her novels promoted Turanism.", "Q3443632": "Armand Edward Blackmar, was born in Vermont in 1826, to parents Reuben Harmon and Amanda (Cushman) Blackmar. Armand, with his brother, Henry, was the founder of Blackmar Brothers, a music publishing company. Begun in 1860, this publishing company was originally based out of New Orleans, Louisiana, and later Augusta, Georgia. This would become the most successful publisher of music of the Confederacy during American Civil War, issuing about half the songs released during that era. A.E. was best known for the patriotic songs he wrote.\nArmand and Henry were music teachers before entering the publishing business. When Northern troops took over the city of New Orleans, Henry Blackmar moved the business to Augusta, while Armand\u2014due to his Northern accent\u2014managed to continue working out of New Orleans for a time, but a Union raid on his business forced him to cease working. He continued to live in Louisiana and published songs of his own, under a pseudonym, through his brother.Blackmar's published work included, among others: The Bonnie Blue Flag; Dixie War Song (arranged and published); (State Song) Maryland! My Maryland!; Southern Marseillaise; and The Beauregard Manassas.Henry Blackmar continued to operate the Blackmar publishing house out of Augusta, Georgia, extending their distribution chain throughout the South. Following the Civil War, Armand continued to publish music and sell it in several sites in the United States. He returned to New Orleans and re-opened a music store there. His brother Henry operated a music store of his own that was also located in New Orleans. Armand died several years after returning to New Orleans.\nDuring the contentious Civil War years, Armand Edward also worked as a lawyer in New Orleans.\nIn 1881 and 1882, A.E. Blackmar created Blackmar's Gambit, a chess opening, and published his work in the July 1882 issue of Brentano\u2019s Chess.\nArmand Edward Blackmar was married to Margaret Bridget Meara of New Orleans, Louisiana.\nAn \"A. E. Blackmar\" was one of the organizers of the lynching of 11 Italians in New Orleans on March 14, 1891.", "Q185834": "A Time to Love and a Time to Die is a 1958 Eastmancolor CinemaScope drama war film directed by Douglas Sirk and starring John Gavin. It is based on the book by German author Erich Maria Remarque, set on the Eastern Front and in Nazi Germany. With a nod to Remarque's better-known All Quiet on the Western Front, this film has been referred to as All Quiet on the Eastern Front.", "Q544521": "John Rennie FRSE FRS (7 June 1761 \u2013 4 October 1821) was a Scottish civil engineer who designed many bridges, canals, docks and warehouses, and a pioneer in the use of structural cast-iron.", "Q316982": "Yila Timothy Kang (born March 16, 1973) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Kimball Cho in the TV series The Mentalist and Gordon Katsumoto in the reboot series Magnum P.I..", "Q1066772": "Charley Frank Pride (born March 18, 1934) is an American singer, musician, guitarist, business owner, and former professional baseball player. His greatest musical success came in the early to mid-1970s, when he became the best-selling performer for RCA Records since Elvis Presley. During the peak years of his recording career (1966\u201387), he garnered 52 top-10 hits on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, 30 of which made it to number one.\nPride is one of the few African-Americans (along with DeFord Bailey and Darius Rucker) to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry. He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2000.", "Q255105": "Enghien-les-Bains (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0251\u0303\u0261\u025b\u0303.le.b\u025b\u0303]) is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 13.5 kilometres (8.4 mi) from the centre of Paris, in the d\u00e9partement of Val-d'Oise.\nEnghien-les-Bains is famous as a spa resort and a well-to-do suburb of Paris, developed in the nineteenth century around the scenic lake of Enghien. A casino, the only one in the vicinity of Paris, is located on the shores of the lake.", "Q4916235": "Birger Joseph Nordholm (June 25, 1897 \u2013 November 30, 1989), was a Swedish-American founding director of the Swedish National Tourist Office in New York City, and the first Chairman of the European Travel Commission.", "Q87015": "Alexander Valterovich Litvinenko (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr \u02c8valt\u0268r\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 l\u02b2\u026atv\u02b2\u026a\u02c8n\u02b2\u025bnk\u0259]; 30 August 1962 or 4 December 1962 by father's account \u2013 23 November 2006) was a British-naturalised Russian defector and former officer of the Russian FSB secret service who specialised in tackling organized crime. According to US diplomats, Litvinenko coined the phrase Mafia state.In November 1998, Litvinenko and several other FSB officers publicly accused their superiors of ordering the assassination of the Russian tycoon and oligarch Boris Berezovsky. Litvinenko was arrested the following March on charges of exceeding the authority of his position. He was acquitted in November 1999 but re-arrested before the charges were again dismissed in 2000. He fled with his family to London and was granted asylum in the United Kingdom, where he worked as a journalist, writer and consultant for the British intelligence services.\nDuring his time in Boston, Lincoln, Litvinenko wrote two books, Blowing Up Russia: Terror from Within and Lubyanka Criminal Group, wherein he accused the Russian secret services of staging the Russian apartment bombings and other terrorism acts in an effort to bring Vladimir Putin to power. He also accused Putin of ordering the murder in October 2006 of the Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya.\nOn 1 November 2006, Litvinenko suddenly fell ill and was hospitalised in what was established as a case of poisoning by radioactive polonium-210; he died from the poisoning on 23 November. He became the first known victim of lethal polonium 210-induced acute radiation syndrome. The events leading up to this are a matter of controversy, spawning numerous theories relating to his poisoning and death. A British murder investigation pointed to Andrey Lugovoy, a former member of Russia's Federal Protective Service, as the prime suspect. The United Kingdom demanded that Lugovoy be extradited, which is against the Constitution of Russia, which prohibits extradition of Russian citizens. Russia denied the extradition, which led to the straining of relations between Russia and the United Kingdom.\nAfter Litvinenko's death, Marina Litvinenko, aided by biologist Alexander Goldfarb, pursued a vigorous campaign through the Litvinenko Justice Foundation. In October 2011, she won the right for an inquest into her husband's death to be conducted by a coroner in London; the inquest was repeatedly set back by issues relating to examinable evidence. A public inquiry began on 27 January 2015, and concluded in January 2016 that Litvinenko's murder was an FSB operation that was probably personally approved by Vladimir Putin and Nikolai Patrushev who was at the time Director of FSB.", "Q916822": "Brigitte Zimmermann (born 22 May 1939) is a German journalist. Between 1983 and 1991 she was editor in chief of Wochenpost, East Germany's top selling weekly newspaper.\n\n", "Q1708582": "Joshua Leroy Johns (February 27, 1881 \u2013 March 16, 1947) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.Johns was born in the town of Eagle, Wisconsin, on February 27, 1881. He attended the public schools there. He engaged in banking in Richland Center, Wisconsin, from 1902 to 1905. He graduated from the law department of the University of Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 1906 and from Yale University in 1907. He was admitted to the Tennessee bar in 1906 and commenced practice in Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 1907. He was admitted to the Wisconsin bar in 1910 and commenced practice in Richland Center, Wisconsin. He moved to Appleton, Wisconsin, in 1920 and continued the practice of law. He was also interested in various business enterprises. He served as a colonel in the Wisconsin National Guard from 1928 to 1929.\nJohns was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-sixth and Seventy-seventh Congresses (January 3, 1939 \u2013 January 3, 1943). He represented Wisconsin's 8th congressional district. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1942 to the Seventy-eighth Congress. He resumed the practice of law in Green Bay, Wisconsin, and also served as president of several lumber companies. He died of a heart attack in Green Bay on March 16, 1947. He was interred in Fort Howard Cemetery.", "Q7726": "Joseph-Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte, Comte de Survilliers, born Giuseppe di Buonaparte (Italian: [d\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bppe di \u02ccbw\u0254na\u02c8parte], Spanish: Jos\u00e9 Napole\u00f3n Bonaparte; 7 January 1768 \u2013 28 July 1844), was a French lawyer and diplomat, the older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, who made him King of Naples and Sicily (1806\u20131808, as Giuseppe I), and later King of Spain (1808\u20131813, as Jos\u00e9 I). After the fall of Napoleon, Joseph styled himself Comte de Survilliers.", "Q14404494": "The M. V. Frunze Military Academy (Russian: \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041c. \u0412. \u0424\u0440\u0443\u043d\u0437\u0435), or in full the Military Order of Lenin and the October Revolution, Red Banner, Order of Suvorov Academy in the name of M. V. Frunze (Russian: \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u041e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0443\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041c. \u0412. \u0424\u0440\u0443\u043d\u0437\u0435), was a military academy of the Soviet and later the Russian Armed Forces.\nEstablished in 1918 to train officers for the newly-formed Red Army, the academy became one of the most prestigious military educational institutions in the Soviet Union. At first titled the General Staff Academy of the Red Army, taking on a similar role to its pre-revolutionary predecessor, the Imperial Nicholas Military Academy, it was renamed the Military Academy in 1921 and then the M. V. Frunze Military Academy in 1925, honouring Mikhail Frunze, who had been a commandant of the academy. It became a higher staff college with the addition of courses for senior command officers in the 1930s, before these were transferred to the newly-formed Military Academy of the General Staff in 1936. By this time many of the Red Army's most senior commanders were graduates of the academy. During the Second World War large numbers of staff and students were called up to fight. Many won decorations and awards, including 244 Heroes of the Soviet Union, and 18 twice Heroes of the Soviet Union. Training and research at the academy continued throughout the war.\nThe academy continued to train senior officers for the Soviet Armed Forces after the war, acting as a stepping stone for those tipped for high command before they attended the Military Academy of the General Staff. It was ranked as the most prestigious of all the Soviet military academies, taking officers ranked captain or above for a three-year course of study to prepare them for higher commands. The academy also offered research and postgraduate degrees in various aspects of military studies. Between 1934 and 1988, 722 graduates of the academy were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, while the academy itself received the Order of Lenin, the Order of Suvorov First Class, and the Order of the October Revolution.\nThe academy continued to operate after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, until being merged with the Malinovsky Military Armoured Forces Academy and the Vystrel officer training courses in 1998 to form the Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.\n\n", "Q247501": "Banesh Hoffmann (6 September 1906 \u2013 5 August 1986) was a British mathematician and physicist known for his association with Albert Einstein.", "Q77494": "Johann Heinrich Eduard Nicolaus Graf von Keyserling (May 14, 1855 \u2013 September 28, 1918) was a Baltic German fiction writer and dramatist and an exponent of literary Impressionism.", "Q93060": "David Gilbert Luenberger (born September 16, 1937) is a mathematical scientist known for his research and his textbooks, which center on mathematical optimization. He is a professor in the department of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University.", "Q647": "Rennes (French pronunciation: [\u0281\u025bn] (listen); Breton: Roazhon [\u02c8rw\u0251\u02d0z\u0259n]; Gallo: Resnn; Latin: Condate Redonum) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine. Rennes is the capital of the region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine department.\nRennes's history goes back more than 2,000 years, at a time when it was a small Gallic village named Condate. Together with Vannes and Nantes, it was one of the major cities of the ancient Duchy of Brittany. From the early sixteenth century until the French Revolution, Rennes was a parliamentary, administrative and garrison city of the historic province of Brittany of the Kingdom of France.\nSince the 1950s, Rennes has grown in importance through rural flight and its modern industrial development, partly automotive. The city developed extensive building plans to accommodate upwards of 200,000 inhabitants. During the 1980s, Rennes became one of the main centres in telecommunication and high technology industry. It is now a significant digital innovation centre in France.\nIn 2015, the city was the tenth largest in France, with a metropolitan area of about 720,000 inhabitants. With more than 66,000 students in 2016, it is also the eighth-largest university campus of France. The inhabitants of Rennes are called Rennais(e)(es) in French. In 2018, L'Express named Rennes as \"the most liveable city in France\".\n\n", "Q76952": "Winfried Georg Sebald (18 May 1944 \u2013 14 December 2001), known as W. G. Sebald or (as he preferred) Max Sebald, was a German writer and academic. At the time of his death at the age of 57, he was being cited by literary critics as one of the greatest living authors.", "Q172264": "Karl Edward Tommy Borgudd, better known as Slim Borgudd (born 25 November 1946) is a Swedish former Formula One driver who raced for the ATS and Tyrrell teams.", "Q538824": "Michael Gore (born March 5, 1951) is an American composer. Gore is the younger brother of singer-songwriter Lesley Gore.", "Q122453": "The University of Stuttgart (German: Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart) is a research university located in Stuttgart, Germany. It was founded in 1829 and is organized into 10 faculties. It is one of the oldest technical universities in Germany with highly ranked programs in civil, mechanical, industrial and electrical engineering. It is a member of TU9, an incorporated society of the largest and most notable German institutes of technology. The university is especially known for its reputation in the fields of advanced automotive engineering, efficient industrial and automated manufacturing, process engineering, aerospace engineering and activity-based costing.", "Q1928505": "Norman Michael MacNeil (born 20 July 1958) is a Scottish songwriter and keyboardist. He is best known for being a former member of the group Simple Minds. Having joined the band in 1978, MacNeil left in 1990.\nIn 1997, he released the album People, Places, Things on his own record label, Mixrecords. He was also the keyboardist with the band Fourgoodmen.\nHe also recorded with a reformed Visage.", "Q113856": "Publius Valerius Eutychianus Comazon (died after 222) was a Roman general and ally of emperor Elagabalus. Comazon began his career as an ordinary army recruit under the Emperor Commodus, whom he served as a soldier in the province of Thrace. While there he suffered a demotion from the provincial government under Tiberius Claudius Attalus Paterculianus. However, this incident did not permanently affect his military career. \nIn the year 218 he commanded the Legio II Parthica, which was temporarily stationed in Apamea in Syria. Upon the accession of Macrinus as emperor in 217, Comazon orchestrated a revolt among the Third Legion to help secure the throne for Elagabalus, who was tied to the Severan dynasty. Comazon was later rewarded with various important offices in the Empire, including prefect of Elagabalus' bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, consul in 220 and an unprecedented three terms as City prefect in 220, 221 and 222. \nElagabalus proved to be a highly unpopular ruler, and after barely four years in office, he was murdered by members of the Praetorian Guard who proclaimed his cousin Alexander Severus emperor in his place. However Comazon survived the overthrow and under the new Emperor again assumed the office of city prefect. It can be concluded that he retired after the conclusion of his tenure, but his date of death is not known.\n\n", "Q102783": "Susanne Cramer (3 December 1936 \u2013 7 January 1969) was a German film and television actress. She was born in Frankfurt, Germany, and died in Hollywood, California, of pneumonia, at age 32.", "Q3310743": "Michel Rollier (born 19 September 1944 in Annecy, Haute-Savoie, France) is a French industrialist in the automobile industry. On 26 May 2006, he succeeded \u00c9douard Michelin (the second), as chief executive officer of the Michelin tire company. Rollier is a distant relative of Michelin founder \u00c9douard Michelin. In May 2012 Rollier retired from Michelin, and was replaced by Jean-Dominique Senard.\nAlthough not a descendant of \u00c9douard Michelin (founder of the Michelin company), Michel Rollier is the second cousin of \u00c9douard Michelin who drowned during a fishing trip in May 2006.\n\n", "Q435125": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric-Eug\u00e8ne Godefroy, (born 13 February 1826 in Paris; died 30 September 1897 in Lestelle-B\u00e9tharram) was a French author, notable for his works on the history of the French language, notably compiling a 10-volume Old French dictionary of over 20,000 pages.", "Q153725": "Jung Yong-hwa (Korean: \uc815\uc6a9\ud654; pronounced [t\u0255\u0259\u02d0\u014b jo\u014b hwa]; born June 22, 1989) is a South Korean musician, singer-songwriter, record producer and actor. He is the leader, lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the rock band CNBLUE. Jung made his television debut in You're Beautiful (2009), and has since starred in television dramas Heartstrings (2011), Marry Him If You Dare (2013), The Three Musketeers (2014) and The Package (2017). On the music front, Jung also made his solo debut with the album One Fine Day in 2015.", "Q861857": "Heiz\u014d Takenaka (\u7af9\u4e2d \u5e73\u8535, Takenaka Heiz\u014d, born 3 March 1951) is a Japanese economist and retired politician, last serving as Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications and Minister of State for Privatization of the Postal Services in the cabinet of Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi. As of July 2007, he is a professor at Keio University and an advisor for other academic institutions and companies.\n\n", "Q1141130": "Scott Lawrence (born September 27, 1963) is an American actor best known for his role as Cmdr. Sturgis Turner on the CBS series JAG. Lawrence played the role from 2001 until 2005, when the series ended.\n\n", "Q324501": "Daniel Dagan (born 1944 in Cairo) is an Israeli journalist and author.\nDaniel Dagan moved with his family from Cairo to France in 1952. A year later he emigrated to Israel. He was brought up in Kibbutz Mishmar HaEmek in the Jezreel Valley, not far from Nazareth.\nDuring his military service, as well as in the reserve, Daniel Dagan worked as a military news correspondent. In this capacity he was among the first Israeli troops who crossed the Suez Canal westwards in the Yom Kippur War of 1973, his first return to the country of his birth.\nDagan graduated in political science and economics from the Tel Aviv University. He also studied in universities and other academic institutions in France, Spain and Germany.\nFrom 1970 through 1977 he was the political correspondent of Maariv (newspaper). From 1978 through\n1993 he was with Haaretz, serving most of the time in European capitals. Dagan also worked for Galei Tzahal, (Israel Defense Forces Radio), and for the New York-based Jewish Telegraphic Agency.\nOver the years, Dagan has contributed to the Op-Ed pages of The International Herald Tribune and Le Monde (both in Paris), El Mundo (Spain) (Madrid), Die Zeit (Hamburg) and other international newspapers and magazines.\nDagan is now based in Berlin, where he works mainly for the public radio and television station IBA (Israel Broadcasting Authority). He appears frequently on radio and television shows in Germany, mostly commenting on the situation in the Middle East and Europe\u2019s role in the region. He launched his blog in 2009.\nDagan is a founding member of the Board of Trustees of Bonn International School (BIS) as well as board member of the Association of the Foreign Press in Germany (VAP) and of the Brussels-based Association of European Journalists.\nDagan is married and has a daughter, Miriam, and a son, David.", "Q172933": "Pope John XII can also refer to Pope John XII of Alexandria.Pope John XII (Latin: Ioannes XII; c. 930/937 \u2013 14 May 964), born Octavian, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 16 December 955 to his death in 964. He was related to the counts of Tusculum, a powerful Roman family which had dominated papal politics for over half a century. He became pope in his late teenage years or early twenties. In 960, he clashed with the Lombards to the south. Unable to control Rome easily, he sought help from King Otto I of Germany and crowned him emperor. John XII's pontificate became infamous for the alleged depravity and worldliness with which he conducted his office. He soon fell out with Otto, but died before Otto succeeded in his attempt to depose him.", "Q60467": "Hideo Itokawa (\u7cf8\u5ddd \u82f1\u592b, Itokawa Hideo, July 20, 1912 \u2013 February 21, 1999) was a pioneer of Japanese rocketry, popularly known as \"Dr. Rocket,\" and described in the media as the father of Japan's space development.The near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa, named in honor of Itokawa, is notable as the target of the Hayabusa mission.", "Q92829": "Mark Eugene Russinovich (born December 22, 1966) is a Spanish-born American software engineer who serves as CTO of Microsoft Azure. He was a cofounder of software producers Winternals before it was acquired by Microsoft in 2006.\n\n", "Q78228": "Sepp Kerschbaumer (9 November 1913 \u2013 7 December 1964) was a leading member of the South Tyrolean Liberation Committee (Befreiungsausschuss S\u00fcdtirol (BAS)), which campaigned for the break-away of South Tyrol from Italy. In 1961, the BAS staged the so-called Feuernacht (Night of Fire), the destruction of several dozen electricity pylons, which escalated the South Tyrol conflict. The Italian state viewed the BAS as a terrorist and separatist organization, while large parts of the South Tyroleans regarded them as freedom fighters.", "Q155354": "The Philipps University of Marburg (German: Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg) was founded in 1527 by Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, which makes it one of Germany's oldest universities and the oldest still operating Protestant university in the world. It is now a public university of the state of Hesse, without religious affiliation. The University of Marburg has about 25,000 students and 7,500 employees and is located in Marburg, a town of 72,000 inhabitants, with university buildings dotted in or around the town centre. About 12 per cent of the students are international, the highest percentage in Hesse. It offers an International summer university programme and offers student exchanges through the Erasmus programme.\nMarburg is home to one of Germany's most traditional medical faculties. The German physicians' union is called Marburger Bund.", "Q270622": "Harriet Sansom Harris (born January 8, 1955), often credited as Harriet Harris, is an American actress known for her theater performances and for her portrayals of Bebe Glazer on Frasier and Felicia Tilman on Desperate Housewives. \nHarris won a Tony Award in 2002 as a Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance in Thoroughly Modern Millie. In addition to television and theater, she has made various film appearances, including Memento, Addams Family Values, Nurse Betty and Phantom Thread.", "Q94280": "Henry Slesar (June 12, 1927 \u2013 April 2, 2002) was an American author, playwright, and copywriter. He is famous for his use of irony and twist endings. After reading Slesar's \"M Is for the Many\" in Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, Alfred Hitchcock bought it for adaptation and they began many successful collaborations. Slesar wrote hundreds of scripts for television series and soap operas, leading TV Guide to call him \"the writer with the largest audience in America.\"", "Q986000": "Green Lantern: The Animated Series was an American computer-animated television series based on the DC Comics superhero Green Lantern. The series aired on Cartoon Network, as part of their \"DC Nation\" television block. A one-hour sneak peek aired on November 11, 2011, it ran from March 3, 2012, until March 16, 2013. A special screening of the first episode was shown at New York Comic Con 2011 on October 15, 2011. This was the first Green Lantern television series and the first CGI DC/WB series. The series was cancelled after one season due to poor toy sales after the negative reception and poor box office performance of the live-action film.", "Q219694": "The Complutense University of Madrid (Spanish: Universidad Complutense de Madrid or Universidad de Madrid; Latin: Universitas Complutensis) is a public research university located in Madrid, and one of the oldest universities in the world. The university enrolls over 86,000 students, being the 3rd largest non-distance European university by enrollment, and consistently ranking as one of the top universities in Spain. According to the Spanish newspaper El Mundo, the university is widely regarded as the most prestigious academic institution in Spain. It is located on a sprawling campus that occupies the entirety of the Ciudad Universitaria district of Madrid, with annexes in the district of Somosaguas in the neighboring city of Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n.\nIn recent years, the roster of alumni comprises recipients of the Nobel Prize (7), Prince of Asturias Awards (18), Miguel de Cervantes Prize (7), as well as European Commissioners, Presidents of the EU Parliament, European Council Secretary General, ECB Executive Board members, NATO Secretary General, UNESCO Director General, IMF Managing Director, and Heads of State.\nIn the course of over seven centuries, the University of Madrid has provided invaluable contributions in the sciences, fine arts, and political leadership. Alumni include renowned philosophers (Jos\u00e9 Ortega y Gasset, Ignatius of Loyola, Thomas of Villanova), writers (Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, Antonio de Nebrija, Pedro Calder\u00f3n de la Barca), scientists (Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Severo Ochoa, Andr\u00e9s Manuel del R\u00edo, Ricardo Rubio), historians (Juan de Mariana, Juan Gin\u00e9s de Sep\u00falveda), military leaders (Don John of Austria, Alexander Farnese, Cardinal Cisneros), foreign leaders (Cardinal Mazarin, Jos\u00e9 Rizal), and many Prime Ministers of Spain. In the year 1785, the University of Madrid became one of the first universities in the world to grant a Doctorate degree to a female student. By Royal Decree of 1857, the University of Madrid was the only institution in Spain authorized to grant doctorates throughout the Spanish Empire.", "Q165297": "8mm 2 is a 2005 direct-to-video thriller film directed by J. S. Cardone and starring Johnathon Schaech and Lori Heuring. The film was distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.\nWhen the film was in production, it was titled The Velvet Side of Hell. When Sony picked up the rights to distribute it, it was re-titled 8mm 2. Although this title suggests the film to be a sequel to the 1999 Nicolas Cage film 8mm, the film has no connective elements relating it to the first 8mm film.The film was shot entirely in Budapest.", "Q84093": "Rabbi Haim (Emile) Amsalem (Hebrew: \u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05dd (\u05d0\u05b6\u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05dc) \u05d0\u05b7\u05de\u05b0\u05e1\u05b8\u05dc\u05b6\u05dd; born 12 October 1959) is an Israeli politician and a former member of the Knesset. Following a rift between him and his former party Shas, he established the Am Shalem party to run for the 2013 Knesset elections, but failed to win any seats.", "Q67308": "Markus Heitz (born 10 October 1971 in Homburg) is a German fantasy, horror and science fiction author best known for his Dwarves series of novels.\n\n", "Q706231": "Hans-Wilhelm Steinfeld (born 29 March 1951) is a Norwegian journalist, foreign correspondent and non-fiction writer.\nHe has worked for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) from 1976, and been a foreign correspondent for NRK in Moscow for three periods. He has written several books. He received the Narvesen Prize in 1990, the Cappelen Prize in 1990, and the Peer Gynt Prize in 1991.", "Q432892": "\u017darko Lau\u0161evi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0416\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e \u041b\u0430\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0438\u045b; Serbian pronunciation: [\u0292\u01ce\u02d0rk\u0254 l\u00e2u\u0283\u025b\u028bit\u0255]) (born 19 January) is a Serbian actor. Considered to be one of the most talented actors of his generation, he became a leading actor early in his career. By the age of 33, he was a major star across the former Yugoslavia on both stage and screen, displaying a wide range of dramatic skills.\nIn July 1993, Lau\u0161evi\u0107 entered into a quarrel with a group of local youths, together with his brother. This escalated into a fist fight, culminating in Lau\u0161evi\u0107 firing multiple rounds from his handgun, killing two of the youths and seriously wounding one. Sentenced by a Montenegrin (republic) court to prison initially, his conviction was overturned by the Yugoslav (appellate) court on the grounds that the first-instance court had improperly dismissed Lau\u0161evi\u0107's self-defense argument, and the punishment was drastically reduced. Lau\u0161evi\u0107 served 4 years and 7 months in prison before his release. But he faced further legal battles. There were appeals by the Montenegrin prosecution, numerous retrials and inconsistent, ad hoc rulings by the Montenegrin court system. In 2001, the prison sentence was reinstated to 13 years by the Montenegrin courts.\nIn the late 1990s, Lau\u0161evi\u0107 left Yugoslavia for the United States. It is speculated that the move was made due to possible revenge by families of the deceased. He lived in the United States for two decades, returning to Serbia in 2014.", "Q322170": "A suffragette was a member of militant women's organisations in the early 20th century who, under the banner \"Votes for Women\", fought for the right to vote in public elections, known as women's suffrage. The term refers in particular to members of the British Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), a women-only movement founded in 1903 by Emmeline Pankhurst, which engaged in direct action and civil disobedience. In 1906, a reporter writing in the Daily Mail coined the term suffragette for the WSPU, from suffragist, to belittle the women advocating women's suffrage. The militants embraced the new name, even adopting it for use as the title of the newspaper published by the WSPU.\nWomen had won the right to vote in several countries by the end of the 19th century; in 1893, New Zealand became the first self-governing country to grant the vote to all women over the age of 21. When by 1903 women in Britain had not been enfranchised, Pankhurst decided that women had to \"do the work ourselves\"; the WSPU motto became \"deeds, not words\". The suffragettes heckled politicians, tried to storm parliament, were attacked and sexually assaulted during battles with the police, chained themselves to railings, smashed windows, set fire to postboxes and empty buildings, set bombs in order to damage churches and property, and faced anger and ridicule in the media. When imprisoned they went on hunger strike, to which the government responded by force-feeding them. The first suffragette to be force fed was Evaline Hilda Burkitt. The death of one suffragette, Emily Davison, when she ran in front of the king's horse at the 1913 Epsom Derby, made headlines around the world. The WSPU campaign had varying levels of support from within the suffragette movement; breakaway groups formed, and within the WSPU itself not all members supported the direct action.The suffragette campaign was suspended when World War I broke out in 1914. After the war, the Representation of the People Act 1918 gave the vote to women over the age of 30 who met certain property qualifications. Ten years later, women gained electoral equality with men when the Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928 gave all women the vote at age 21.", "Q1800": "Kochi ([ko\u02c8t\u0283\u02d0i ] (listen)), also known as Cochin ( KOH-chin), is a major port city on the south-west coast of India bordering the Laccadive Sea. It is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala and is often referred to as Ernakulam. Kochi is the most densely populated city in Kerala. As of 2011, it has a corporation limit population of 677,381 within an area of 94.88 km\u00b2 and a total urban population of more than of 2.1 million within an area of 440 km\u00b2, making it the most populous urban area in Kerala. Kochi city is also part of the Greater Cochin region and is classified as a Tier-II city by the Government of India. The civic body that governs the city is the Kochi Municipal Corporation, which was constituted in the year 1967, and the statutory bodies that oversee its development are the Greater Cochin Development Authority (GCDA) and the Goshree Islands Development Authority (GIDA).Called the \"Queen of the Arabian Sea\", Kochi was an important spice trading centre on the west coast of India from the 14th century onward, and maintained a trade network with Arab merchants from the pre-Islamic era. Occupied by the Portuguese in 1503, Kochi was the first of the European colonies in colonial India. It remained the main seat of Portuguese India until 1530, when Goa was chosen instead. The city was later occupied by the Dutch and the British, with the Kingdom of Cochin becoming a princely state. Kochi ranks first in the total number of international and domestic tourist arrivals in Kerala. The city was ranked the sixth best tourist destination in India according to a survey conducted by the Nielsen Company on behalf of the Outlook Traveller magazine. In October 2019, Kochi was ranked seventh in Lonely Planet's list of top 10 cities in the world to visit in 2020. Kochi was one of the 28 Indian cities among the emerging 440 global cities that will contribute 50% of the world GDP by the year 2025, in a 2011 study done by the McKinsey Global Institute. In July 2018, Kochi was ranked the topmost emerging future megacity in India by global professional services firm JLL.Kochi is known as the financial, commercial and industrial capital of Kerala. It has the highest GDP as well as the highest GDP per capita in the state. The city is home to the Southern Naval Command of the Indian Navy and is the state headquarters of the Indian Coast Guard with an attached air squadron, named Air Squadron 747. Commercial maritime facilities of the city include the Port of Kochi, an International Container Transshipment Terminal, the Cochin Shipyard, offshore SPM of the BPCL Kochi Refinery and the Kochi Marina. Kochi is also home for the Cochin Stock Exchange, International Pepper Exchange, Marine Products Export Development Authority, Coconut Development Board, companies like HMT, Apollo Tyres and Synthite, petrochemical companies like the FACT, TCC, IREL, Petronet LNG, Merchem, HOCL and Kochi Refineries, electrical companies like TELK, and V-Guard and industrial parks like the Cochin Special Economic Zone, Smart City, Infopark and Kinfra Hi-Tech Park. Kochi is home for the High Court of Kerala and Lakshadweep, Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL), Indian Maritime University, Sree Sankaracharya Sanskrit University and the Cochin University of Science and Technology. Kochi is also home to Kerala's National Law School, the National University of Advanced Legal Studies.\nKochi has been hosting India's first art biennale, the Kochi-Muziris Biennale, since 2012, which attracts international artists and tourists.", "Q195616": "Shashi Tharoor (born 9 March 1956) is an Indian politician, writer and a former international diplomat who is currently serving as Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, since 2009. He was formerly Under-Secretary General of the United Nations, and contested for the post of Secretary-General in 2006.\nHe also serves as Chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Information Technology and All India Professionals Congress. He formerly served as Chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on External Affairs (2014 to 2019). In 2019, Shashi Tharoor received the Sahitya Academy Award for his book 'An Era of Darkness' in a non-fiction category in English language.Born in London, UK, and raised in India, Tharoor graduated from St. Stephen's College, Delhi in 1975 and culminated his studies in 1978 with a doctorate in International Relations and Affairs from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University. At the age of 22, he was the youngest person at the time to receive such an honour from the Fletcher School. From 1978 to 2007, Tharoor was a career official at the United Nations, rising to the rank of Under-Secretary General for Communications and Public Information in 2001. He announced his retirement after finishing second in the 2006 selection for U.N. Secretary-General to Ban Ki-moon. In 2009, Tharoor began his political career by joining the Indian National Congress and successfully represented the party from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala by winning in the Lok Sabha elections and becoming a member of parliament. During the Congress-led UPA Government rule (2004\u20132014), Tharoor served as Minister of State for External Affairs (2009\u20132010) and Minister of Human Resource Development (2012\u20132014).Tharoor is an acclaimed writer, having authored 19 bestselling works of fiction and non-fiction since 1981, which are centred on India and its history, culture, film, politics, society, foreign policy, and more related themes. He is also the author of hundreds of columns and articles in publications such as The New York Times, The Washington Post, TIME, Newsweek, and The Times of India. He was a contributing editor for Newsweek International for two years. From 2010 to 2012, he wrote a column in The Asian Age, Deccan Chronicle and, for most of 2012, until his appointment as Minister, a column in Mail Today; he also writes an internationally syndicated monthly column for Project Syndicate. He also wrote regular columns for The Indian Express (1991\u201393 and 1996\u20132001), The Hindu (2001\u20132008), and The Times of India (2007\u20132009).", "Q275982": "Florence Foster Jenkins (born Narcissa Florence Foster; July 19, 1868 \u2013 November 26, 1944) was an American socialite and amateur soprano who was known, and mocked, for her flamboyant performance costumes and notably poor singing ability. Stephen Pile ranked her \"the world's worst opera singer ... No one, before or since, has succeeded in liberating themselves quite so completely from the shackles of musical notation.\"Despite (or perhaps because of) her technical incompetence, she became a prominent musical cult figure in New York City during the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s. Cole Porter, Gian Carlo Menotti, Lily Pons, Sir Thomas Beecham, and other celebrities were fans. Enrico Caruso is said to have \"regarded her with affection and respect\".The poet William Meredith wrote that a Jenkins recital \"was never exactly an aesthetic experience, or only to the degree that an early Christian among the lions provided aesthetic experience; it was chiefly immolatory, and Madame Jenkins was always eaten, in the end.\"", "Q183074": "Sor Juana In\u00e9s de la Cruz, O.S.H. (English: Sister Joan Agnes of the Cross; 12 November 1648 \u2013 17 April 1695), was a writer, philosopher, composer, poet of the Baroque school, and Hieronymite nun of New Spain (Mexico). Her outspoken opinions granted her lifelong names such as \"The Tenth Muse\" and \"The Phoenix of Mexico\", for she was a flame that rose from the ashes of \"religious authoritarianism\".Sor Juana lived during Mexico's colonial period, making her a contributor both to early Spanish literature as well as to the broader literature of the Spanish Golden Age. Beginning her studies at a young age, Sor Juana was fluent in Latin and also wrote in Nahuatl, and became known for her philosophy in her teens. Sor Juana educated herself in her own library, which was mostly inherited from her grandfather. After joining a nunnery in 1667, Sor Juana began writing poetry and prose dealing with such topics as love, feminism, and religion. She turned her nun\u2019s quarters into a salon, visited by the city\u2019s intellectual elite. Among them was Countess Maria Luisa de Paredes, vicereine of Mexico. Her criticism of misogyny and the hypocrisy of men led to her condemnation by the Bishop of Puebla, and in 1694 she was forced to sell her collection of books and focus on charity towards the poor. She died the next year, having caught the plague while treating her fellow nuns.After fading from academic discourse for hundreds of years, Octavio Paz re-established Sor Juana's importance in modern times. Scholars now interpret Sor Juana as a protofeminist, and she is the subject of vibrant discourses about themes such as colonialism, education rights, women's religious authority, and writing as examples of feminist advocacy.", "Q12150341": "The Samanid Empire (Persian: \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200e, S\u0101m\u0101niy\u0101n, also known as the Samanian Empire, Samanid dynasty, Samanid Emirate, or simply Samanids) was a Sunni Iranian empire from 819 to 999. The empire was centered in Khorasan and Transoxiana during its existence; at its greatest extent, the empire encompassed all of today's Afghanistan, large parts of Iran, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and parts of Kazakhstan and Pakistan.The Samanid state was founded by four brothers; Nuh, Ahmad, Yahya, and Ilyas\u2014each of them ruled their own territory under Abbasid suzerainty. In 892, Ismail Samani (892\u2013907) united the Samanid state under one ruler, thus effectively putting an end to the feudal system used by the Samanids. It was also under him that the Samanids became independent of Abbasid authority.\nThe Samanid Empire is part of the Iranian Intermezzo, which saw the creation of a Persianate culture and identity that brought Iranian speech and traditions into the fold of the Islamic world. This would later lead to the formation of the Turko-Persian culture.The Samanids promoted the arts, giving rise to the advancement of science and literature, and thus attracted scholars such as Rudaki, Ferdowsi, and Avicenna. While under Samanid control, Bukhara was a rival to Baghdad in its glory. Scholars note that the Samanids revived Persian language and culture more than the Buyids and the Saffarids, while continuing to patronize Arabic for sciences as well as the religious studies. They considered themselves to be descendants of the Sasanian Empire. In a famous edict, Samanid authorities declared that \"here, in this region, the language is Persian, and the kings of this realm are Persian kings.\"\n\n", "Q96497": "Fran\u00e7ois Goeske (born 18 March 1989 in Saint-Doulchard, Cher, Sologne, France) is a French-German actor, voice talent and musician. He currently lives in Munich, Germany.", "Q234060": "Nathalia Norah Ramos Cohen (born July 3, 1992) is an American actress known for her portrayals of Yasmin in the 2007 film Bratz, Jill in the 2013 film The Damned, and lead character Nina Martin in the 2011 Nickelodeon television series House of Anubis.", "Q7319079": "Rewind is the second rockumentary by Welsh rock band Stereophonics. Released in 2007, it is the band's sixth DVD release. It contains over three hours of live and documentary footage spanning their entire career; from pre-Stereophonics years to their signing to V2 Records in 1996 to 2006. A booklet was also included with the DVD, featuring several previously unseen photographs of the band, from Kelly Jones' own personal photo album.", "Q24225": "Paula Dean Broadwell (n\u00e9e Kranz; born November 9, 1972) is an American writer, controversial academic and former military officer. She served in the US Army on active and reserve duty for over 20 years, to include time in Military School Undergraduate, with experience in over 70 countries. In 2012, she co-authored, with Vernon Loeb, All In: The Education of General David Petraeus, a biography of then International Security Assistance Force commander David Petraeus with whom she had an extra-marital affair. She is the co-founder and co-director of the Think Broader Foundation, a media consulting firm that focuses on addressing gender bias in the media and society.", "Q12406482": "A humorist (American and British English) or humourist (alternative British spelling) is an intellectual who uses humor in writing or public speaking, but is not an artist who seeks only to elicit laughs. Humorists are distinct from comedians, who are show business entertainers whose business is to make an audience laugh. It is possible to play both roles in the course of a career.\n\n", "Q366054": "Gustavs Zemgals (12 August 1871, D\u017e\u016bkste parish, Courland Governorate \u2013 6 January 1939) was a Latvian politician and the second President of Latvia. He also was twice the mayor of Riga.\nZemgals was born in D\u017e\u016bkste, Latvia. He attended elementary school in a small parish of Saka, and later continued education in Riga Nikolai Gymnasium. He graduated from Moscow University in 1899 with a degree in law. He then returned to Latvia and was a lawyer, a newspaper editor and a political activist. \nIn 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War, Zemgals was mobilised and sent to the front, where he spent a year and a half and was promoted to the rank of captain.\nAfter his return to Latvia in 1905, Zemgals became one of the creators of a new liberal newspaper \"Jaun\u0101 Dienas Lapa\" (New Day's Page) and proceeded to become an editor of this paper. He was also an editor in the newspaper that succeeded \"Jaun\u0101 Dienas Lapa\" -\"M\u016bsu Laiki\" (Our Times). In July 1907, the Riga district court sentenced Zemgals to a three months long arrest for his work at \"M\u016bsu Laiki\". Soon after that, Zemgals created the Latvian democratic party together with some other political activities. In the time period between 1912 and 1914 Zemgals also worked on a magazine \"Domas\" (Thoughts).\nWhen World War I began, Zemgals was once again mobilised and initially assigned to an infantry division in the middle part of Latvia, but later he was sent to Finland. After his return to Riga, Zemgals was elected as the chairman of the city on 23 April 1917. In autumn 1917 the Riga Temporary Council repeatedly elected Zemgals as the chairman of the city. At this time, he was active in the Latvian radical-democratic party.\nFrom 1918, Zemgals became active in the Latvian Provisional National Council, where he worked on matters related to occupied Latvian territories. As a member of the Latvian radical-democratic party, he became the second deputy of the chairman of Tautas Padome (People's Council), a representative body (council) of Latvian political parties and organizations. Holding this office, he chaired the 18 November 1918 meeting of Tautas Padome, which declared the independence of Latvia. On 3 December 1918 he was elected as the chair of Riga City Council.\nWhen the bolsheviks were gaining power and approaching Latvia, the Tautas Padome sent J\u0101nis \u010cakste and Zemgals abroad to represent Latvian interests. Cakste, Zemgals and several other people from the government went to Copenhagen on a British warship, but Zemgals returned to Latvia just two months later, where he tried to restore the Tautas Padome, but Zemgals along with a group of loyal politicians was arrested by the German army.\nLater, he was a member of Latvian parliament (Saeima) from the Democratic Centre and a minister in several governments. In 1927, after the death of J\u0101nis \u010cakste he was elected the president of Latvia. As the president, he interfered very little with the Saeima's work on laws, only returning a law for review to the Saeima once; Zemgals, however, frequently used his rights to grant amnesty. During his time as president, Zemgals granted amnesty to 648 persons, 172 of which received complete amnesty. He served as president until 1930, when his term expired, and he refused to run for a second term, despite having been asked by many to do so.\nAfter his presidency ended, Zemgals continued his political activities and was elected in the fourth Saeima where he was a member of the foreign and finance, trade and industry commissions. In 1931 and 1932 he was also the Minister of Finances.\nIn 1924, the French government awarded Zemgals the Legion_of_Honour (the highest French order of merit), Commander cross (Commandeur). In 1926, he was awarded the Three Star Order (the highest Latvian national award), Third or \"Commander\" class (Fifth class being the lowest and First class the highest). In 1929, he was awarded the Three Star Order, First class with chain or \"Commander Grand Cross with chain\", a distinction only awarded 14 people in the pre-World War II era.\nDuring the thirties, Zemgals published articles in the newspaper \"Jaun\u0101k\u0101s Zi\u0146as\" (Latest News).\nOn 6 January 1939 Zemgals died and was buried in Riga. In 1990, a monument to Zemgals was constructed in D\u017e\u016bkste, place of his birth.", "Q65279": "Frits Clausen (12 November 1893 \u2013 5 December 1947) was leader of the National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark (DNSAP) prior to and during World War II.\n\n", "Q25885": "Louise Cathrine Elisabeth Bj\u00f8rnsen, pen name Elisabeth Martens, (1824\u20131899) was successful as an early Danish female novelist and short story writer. Following in the footsteps of Mathilde Fibiger, she published her first novel Hvad er Livet? (What is Life?) in 1855, based on her own experiences as a governess. She went on to write five more novels and four collections of short stories.", "Q3487499": "\"Assignment: Earth\" is the twenty-sixth and final episode of the second season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek. Written by Art Wallace (based on a story by Wallace and Gene Roddenberry) and directed by Marc Daniels, it was first broadcast on March 29, 1968.In the episode, engaged in \"historical research\", the USS Enterprise travels back through time to 1968 Earth, where they encounter an interstellar agent planning to intervene in 20th-century events. Kirk and Spock are uncertain of his motives.\nOriginally written as a standalone half-hour television series, when no network chose to order a pilot, the script was reworked to fit into Star Trek as a backdoor pilot for the proposed Assignment: Earth series.", "Q72705": "Sybille Bedford, OBE (16 March 1911 \u2013 17 February 2006) was a German-born English writer of non-fiction and semi-autobiographical fiction books. She was a recipient of the Golden PEN Award.", "Q608208": "Antony and the Johnsons is an American music group presenting the work of Anohni (formerly known as Antony Hegarty) and her collaborators.\n\n", "Q170842": "Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0432, IPA: [s\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8g\u02b2ej \u02c8pav\u026b\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 k\u0259r\u0250\u02c8l\u02b2\u0275f] (listen), also transliterated as Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov, Ukrainian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432 / Serhiy Pavlovych Korolyov; 12 January 1907 (OS 30 December 1906) \u2013 14 January 1966), was a lead Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer during the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s. He is regarded by many as the father of practical astronautics. He was involved in the development of the R-7 Rocket, Sputnik 1, and launching Laika and the first human being, Yuri Gagarin, into space.Although Korolev trained as an aircraft designer, his greatest strengths proved to be in design integration, organization and strategic planning. Arrested on a false official charge as a \"member of an anti-Soviet counter-revolutionary organization\" (which would later be reduced to \"saboteur of military technology\"), he was imprisoned in 1938 for almost six years, including some months in a Kolyma labour camp. Following his release he became a recognized rocket designer and a key figure in the development of the Soviet Intercontinental ballistic missile program. He later directed the Soviet space program and was made a Member of Soviet Academy of Sciences, overseeing the early successes of the Sputnik and Vostok projects including the first human Earth orbit mission by Yuri Alexeyvich Gagarin on 12 April 1961. Korolev's unexpected death in 1966 interrupted implementation of his plans for a Soviet crewed Moon landing before the United States 1969 mission.\nBefore his death he was officially identified only as Glavny Konstruktor (\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440), or the Chief Designer, to protect him from possible cold war assassination attempts by the United States. Even some of the cosmonauts who worked with him were unaware of his last name; he only went by Chief Designer. Only following his death in 1966 was his identity revealed and he received the appropriate public recognition as the driving force behind Soviet accomplishments in space exploration during and following the International Geophysical Year.", "Q1642676": "H\u00e5kon Olai Kyllingmark (19 January 1915 \u2013 12 August 2003) was a Norwegian military officer and businessman. He served as a politician for the Conservative Party and was elected to the Norwegian Parliament.", "Q141447": "Town & Country is a 2001 American romantic comedy film directed by Peter Chelsom, written by Buck Henry and Michael Laughlin, and starring Warren Beatty, Diane Keaton, Goldie Hawn, Garry Shandling, Andie MacDowell, Jenna Elfman, Nastassja Kinski, and Charlton Heston. Beatty plays an architect, with Keaton as his wife, and Hawn and Shandling as their best friends. It was Beatty's and Keaton's first film together since 1981's Reds, and Beatty's third film with Hawn, after 1971's $ and 1975's Shampoo.\nThe film is one of the biggest box office flops in American film history, grossing a little over $10 million worldwide from a $90 million budget. The film was Beatty's last appearance on screen for 15 years before he starred in Rules Don't Apply in November 2016.\n\n", "Q562069": "James Wallace Langham II (born March 11, 1965) is an American actor. He played the role of David Hodges in the American crime drama television series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation.", "Q185363": "A chronicle (Latin: chronica, from Greek \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac chronik\u00e1, from \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, chr\u00f3nos \u2013 \"time\") is a historical account of facts and events arranged in chronological order, as in a time line. Typically, equal weight is given for historically important events and local events, the purpose being the recording of events that occurred, seen from the perspective of the chronicler. This is in contrast to a narrative or history, which sets selected events in a meaningful interpretive context and excludes those the author does not see as important.\nChronicler information sources vary; some chronicles are written from first-hand knowledge, some are from witnesses or participants in events, still others are accounts passed mouth to mouth prior to being written down. Some used written material: Charters, letters, or the works of earlier chroniclers. Still others are tales of such unknown origins so as to hold mythical status. Copyists also affected chronicles in creative copying, making corrections or in updating or continuing a chronicle with information not available to the original author(s). The reliability of a particular chronicle is an important determination for modern historians.In modern times various contemporary newspapers or other periodicals have adopted \"chronicle\" as part of their name. Various fictional stories have also adopted \"chronicle\" as part of their title, to give an impression of epic proportion to their stories. A chronicle which traces world history is called a universal chronicle.", "Q3568892": "Sir William Price (August 30, 1867 \u2013 October 2, 1924) was a Canadian businessman and politician.\nBorn in Talca, Chile, the son of Henry Ferrier Price and Florence Rogerson, Price was educated at Bishops College School in Lennoxville, Quebec and later at St. Marks School, Windsor, England. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the electoral district of Quebec West in a 1908 by-election. A Conservative, he was defeated in the 1911 election.\nHe raised two companies for service during the Boer War. He was one of the organizers of the Valcartier Military Camp (now CFB Valcartier). It was for this work that he was knighted. During World War I, he served as a Lieutenant-Colonel of the 171st Battalion.", "Q16297": "William Shatner (born March 22, 1931) is a Canadian actor, author, producer, director, screenwriter, and singer. In his seven decades of acting, Shatner became a cultural icon for his portrayal of Captain James T. Kirk of the USS Enterprise in the Star Trek franchise. He has written a series of books chronicling his experiences playing Captain Kirk, being a part of Star Trek, and life after Star Trek. He has also co-written several novels set in the Star Trek universe, and a series of science fiction novels called TekWar, that were adapted for television.\nShatner also played the eponymous veteran police sergeant in T. J. Hooker (1982\u20131986) and hosted the reality-based television series Rescue 911 (1989\u20131996), which won a People's Choice Award for the Favorite New TV Dramatic Series. Shatner also appeared in seasons 4 and 5 of the NBC series 3rd Rock from the Sun as the \"Big Giant Head\" that the alien characters reported to. From 2004 until 2008, he starred as attorney Denny Crane both in the final season of the legal drama The Practice and in its spinoff series Boston Legal, a role that earned him two Emmy Awards. He appeared in both seasons of the comical NBC real-life travelogue with other male companions \"of a certain age\" in Better Late Than Never, from 2016 to 2018. Shatner has also pursued a career in music and spoken-word recordings since the late 1960s, having released eight albums.", "Q2900530": "Faras Hamdan (Arabic: \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u200e; Hebrew: \u05e4\u05d0\u05e8\u05e1 \u05d7\u05de\u05d3\u05d0\u05df\u200e, 1910 \u2013 29 November 1966) was an Israeli Arab politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Agriculture and Development party between 1951 and 1959.", "Q250294": "Tin Alley is an Australian rock band from Melbourne formed in 2007 by brothers Paul and Jim Siourthas, and Peter Hofbauer.\nThe band released one studio album, Everyturn (2007). Tin Alley's first single, \"In Your Hands\", charted consecutively and peaked at number 13 between John Butler and Sneaky Sound System in the Australian indie charts.\nIn 2009, Tin Alley's release \"Out Of Control\" reached number 1 on the Australian Music Office charts and was at number 1 on the Australian Independent Record Labels Association charts for five consecutive weeks. In November 2009, \"Out Of Control\" reached no.7 on the ARIA Australian singles charts and was in the ARIA Charts top 20 for six consecutive weeks. In early 2010, Tin Alley had a special dance version of \"Out Of Control\" mixed by Luke Chable. In February 2010, the Luke Chable Vs Tin Alley \"Out Of Control\" dance mix was used on many shows and radio playlisted programs Australia wide. In August 2010, \"Out Of Control\" was featured and marketed internationally by the fashion company Billabong as part of the 2010 Designers Closet Series.In mid August 2010, Tin Alley released Monster (Pop), a special pop edit taken from the group's original rock version mixed by David Treahearn and Rob Haggett in the UK. Soon after its release, lead singer and guitarist Jim Siourthas left the band for personal reasons.\nIn July 2011, Stefan Waltersson briefly joined the group and in September Tin Alley released \"Ride The Wave\", written by Jim Siourthas, Peter Hofbauer & Paul Siourthas, which was voted by the music network as a top ten release (a song recorded the previous year) in Queensland. \"Ride The Wave\" and \"Bounce Back\" were later played nationally on commercial play-listed programs.\nDuring the \"Bounce Back\" release in September 2011, Paul Siourthas signed an endorsement with Australian guitar manufacture Maton. March 2013 saw Andrew Carter join the group to finalise the line up as lead vocalist which then saw the addition of guitarist Kieran Murphy, a member of Carter's previous band.In December 2013 Tin Alley returned to the studio where they recorded The Ghost EP in Queensland. March 2014 saw the group release the first of three tracks under The Ghost EP titled \"Chosen Few\".\n\n", "Q31628": "Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin (; sometimes spelled as Esenin; Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u0441\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u043d, IPA: [s\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8g\u02b2ej \u0250l\u02b2\u026ak\u02c8sandr\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 j\u026a\u02c8s\u02b2en\u02b2\u026an]; 3 October [O.S. 21 September] 1895 \u2013 28 December 1925) was a Russian lyric poet. He is one of the most popular and well-known Russian poets of the 20th century.", "Q3971": "Herford (German pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u025b\u0250\u032ff\u0254\u0250\u032ft]) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the lowlands between the hill chains of the Wiehen Hills and the Teutoburg Forest. It is the capital of the district of Herford.\n\n", "Q5560198": "Gigantic (A Tale of Two Johns) is a documentary profiling the alternative rock band They Might Be Giants, featuring interviews with Frank Black, Sarah Vowell, Dave Eggers, Jon Stewart, and others. It was directed by AJ Schnack and premiered at the South by Southwest Film Festival in 2002. It was released in theaters by Cowboy Pictures, and on DVD by Plexifilm in 2003. The DVD includes bonus features such as music videos, vintage live performances, and more.", "Q190008": "The Central American Bank for Economic Integration - CABEI (BCIE in Spanish) was founded in 1960. Is an international multilateral development financial institution. Its resources are invested in projects that foster development to reduce poverty and inequality; strengthen regional integration and the competitive insertion of its member countries in the global economy; providing special attention to environmental sustainability. Its headquarters are in Tegucigalpa (Honduras) and has regional offices in Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama.", "Q323508": "Gordon Richard England (born September 15, 1937) is an American politician and businessman who was the U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense and twice as U.S. Secretary of the Navy in the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush.", "Q201965": "Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping. Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics and the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup are ongoing.\n\n", "Q578031": "Jerry Eugene Pournelle (; August 7, 1933 \u2013 September 8, 2017) was an American polymath: scientist in the area of operations research and human factors research, science fiction writer, essayist, journalist, and one of the first bloggers. In the 1960s and early 1970s, he worked in the aerospace industry, but eventually focused on his writing career. In an obituary in gizmodo, he is described as \"a tireless ambassador for the future.\"Pournelle is particularly known for writing hard science fiction, and received multiple awards for his writing. In addition to his solo writing, he wrote several novels with collaborators, most notably Larry Niven. Pournelle served a term as President of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America.Pournelle's journalism focused primarily on the computer industry, astronomy, and space exploration. From the 1970s until the early 1990s, he contributed to the computer magazine Byte, writing from the viewpoint of an intelligent user, with the oft-cited credo, \u201cWe do this stuff so you won\u2019t have to.\u201d He created one of the first blogs, entitled \"Chaos Manor\", which included commentary about politics, computer technology, space technology, and science fiction.\nPournelle was also known for his paleoconservative political views, which were sometimes expressed in his fiction. He was one of the founders of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy, which developed some of the Reagan Administration's space initiatives, including the earliest versions of what would become the Strategic Defense Initiative.", "Q36153": "Beyonc\u00e9 Giselle Knowles-Carter ( bee-YON-say; born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyonc\u00e9 performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child. She rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of Destiny's Child, one of the best-selling girl groups of all time. \nDuring Destiny's Child's hiatus, Beyonc\u00e9 made her theatrical film debut with a role in the US box-office number-one Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002) and recorded her first solo album, Dangerously in Love (2003), which debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart. It also featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles \"Crazy in Love\" and \"Baby Boy\". Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in 2006, she released her second solo album, B'Day, which contained the US number-one single \"Irreplaceable\", as well as the UK number-one singles \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\" and \"Beautiful Liar\". Beyonc\u00e9 continued her acting career with starring roles in The Pink Panther (2006), Dreamgirls (2006), and Obsessed (2009). Her marriage to rapper Jay-Z and her portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records (2008) influenced her third album, I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008), which earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010. It spawned the UK number-one single \"If I Were a Boy\" and the US number-one single \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\". \nAfter splitting from her manager and father Mathew Knowles in 2010, Beyonc\u00e9 released 4 (2011), which was influenced by 1970s funk, 1980s pop, and 1990s soul. Beyonc\u00e9 received widespread critical acclaim for her albums, Beyonc\u00e9 (2013) and Lemonade (2016); the latter became the world's best-selling album of 2016. She became the first and only music act in Billboard 200 chart history to debut at number one with their first six solo studio albums. In 2018, she released Everything Is Love, a collaborative album with her husband, Jay-Z, as the Carters.\nBeyonc\u00e9 is one of the world's best-selling music artists, having sold over 100 million records worldwide. Her success during the 2000s was recognized with the Recording Industry Association of America's Top Certified Artist of the Decade, as well as Billboard magazine's Top Radio Songs Artist and the Top Female Artist of the Decade. Beyonc\u00e9 is the most nominated woman in the Grammy Award's history, with a total of 24 wins. She is also the most awarded artist at the MTV Video Music Awards, with 24 wins, including the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award. In 2014, she became the highest-paid black musician in history and was listed among Time's 100 most influential people in the world for a second year in a row. Forbes ranked her as the most powerful female in entertainment on their 2015 and 2017 lists. She occupied the sixth place for Time's Person of the Year in 2016, and in 2020, was named one of the 100 women who defined the last century by the same publication. Beyonc\u00e9 was also included on Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica's 100 Women list in 2019, for her contributions to the entertainment industry's history.\n\n", "Q709670": "Louis-S\u00e9bastien Mercier (6 June 1740 \u2013 25 April 1814) was a French dramatist and writer.", "Q747279": "Mayors for Peace is an international organization of cities dedicated to the promotion of peace that was established in 1982 at the initiative of then Mayor of Hiroshima Takeshi Araki, in response to the deaths of around 140,000 people due to the atomic bombing of the city on August 6, 1945. \nThe current mayor of Hiroshima, Kazumi Matsui, is the President of the organization as of his April 2011 inauguration.\nMayors for Peace was started in Japan, and since then Mayors throughout the World have signed on. When Mayors sign on, it means they support the commencement of negotiations towards the elimination of nuclear weapons by the year 2020.\nIn September 2015, Mayors for Peace counted around 6,800 member cities in 161 countries and territories around the world.", "Q164823": "Girolamo Savonarola (UK: , US: , Italian: [d\u0292i\u02c8r\u0254\u02d0lamo savona\u02c8r\u0254\u02d0la]; 21 September 1452 \u2013 23 May 1498) was an Italian Dominican friar from Ferrara and preacher active in Renaissance Florence. He was known for his prophecies of civic glory, the destruction of secular art and culture, and his calls for Christian renewal. He denounced clerical corruption, despotic rule and the exploitation of the poor. He prophesied the coming of a biblical flood and a new Cyrus from the north who would reform the Church. \nIn September 1494, when Charles VIII of France invaded Italy and threatened Florence, such prophecies seemed on the verge of fulfilment. While Savonarola intervened with the French king, the Florentines expelled the ruling Medicis and, at the friar's urging, established a \"popular\" republic. Declaring that Florence would be the New Jerusalem, the world centre of Christianity and \"richer, more powerful, more glorious than ever\", he instituted an extreme puritanical campaign, enlisting the active help of Florentine youth.\nIn 1495 when Florence refused to join Pope Alexander VI's Holy League against the French, the Vatican summoned Savonarola to Rome. He disobeyed and further defied the pope by preaching under a ban, highlighting his campaign for reform with processions, bonfires of the vanities, and pious theatricals. In retaliation, the pope excommunicated him in May 1497, and threatened to place Florence under an interdict. A trial by fire proposed by a rival Florentine preacher in April 1498 to test Savonarola's divine mandate turned into a fiasco, and popular opinion turned against him. Savonarola and two of his supporting friars were imprisoned. On 23 May 1498, Church and civil authorities condemned, hanged, and burned the three friars in the main square of Florence.\nSavonarola's devotees, the Piagnoni, kept his cause of republican freedom and religious reform alive well into the following century, although the Medici\u2014restored to power in 1512 with the help of the papacy\u2014eventually broke the movement. Some Protestants consider Savonarola to be a vital precursor of the Reformation.", "Q2003653": "Thirugnana Sampanthar Sinnathuray (22 September 1930 \u2013 18 January 2016), known professionally as T. S. Sinnathuray and to his friends as Sam Sinnathuray, was a judge of the High Court of Singapore. Educated at University College London and called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, he practised for a few years in a law firm before beginning a career with the Singapore Legal Service, serving with the Attorney-General's Chambers as Crown Counsel and deputy public prosecutor (1960\u20131963), and senior state counsel (1966\u20131967); with the Subordinate Courts as a magistrate (1956\u20131959), first district judge (1967\u20131970), and senior district judge (1971\u20131978); and with the Supreme Court as deputy registrar and sheriff (1959\u20131960), and registrar (1963\u20131966). In 1978 he was elevated to the office of Judge of the High Court of Singapore, and served until his retirement in 1997.\nNotable cases judged by Sinnathuray included the Toa Payoh ritual murders trial in 1983, the 1988 legal challenge by the Asian Wall Street Journal against the Government's move to restrict its circulation for having engaged in the domestic politics of Singapore, and the trial of the serial murderer John Martin Scripps in 1995. In 1986 a commission of inquiry chaired by Sinnathuray found that allegations by opposition politician J. B. Jeyaretnam that the Government had interfered with the subordinate judiciary were unfounded. Sinnathuray was one of two foreign members of the Royal Tribunal, a panel of six judges convened by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) of Malaysia to investigate alleged misdemeanours of Tun Salleh Abas, Malaysia's Lord President of the Supreme Court, in 1988.\nSinnathuray was the first non-European to act as the president of the Singapore Cricket Club (1976\u20131978). Following his retirement from the bench he pursued his interest in numismatics, becoming the chairman and chief executive officer of Mavin International Pte. Ltd., an auction company specialising in rare coins and banknotes.\nFor his judicial service, Sinnathuray was conferred the Bintang Bakti Masyarakat (B.B.M.; Public Service Star) at the National Day Awards in 1997. In 2009, he received an additional Lintang (Bar) on his B.B.M. for his membership of the Singapore Note and Coin Advisory Committee.", "Q2331659": "Sol Alan Stern (born November 22, 1957) is an American engineer and planetary scientist. He is the principal investigator of the New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Chief Scientist at Moon Express.Stern has been involved in 24 suborbital, orbital, and planetary space missions, including eight for which he was the mission principal investigator. One of his projects was the Southwest Ultraviolet Imaging System, an instrument which flew on two space shuttle missions, STS-85 in 1997 and STS-93 in 1999.Stern has also developed eight scientific instruments for planetary and near-space research missions and has been a guest observer on numerous NASA satellite observatories, including the International Ultraviolet Explorer, the Hubble Space Telescope, the International Infrared Observer and the Extreme Ultraviolet Observer. Stern was Executive Director of the Southwest Research Institute's Space Science and Engineering Division until becoming Associate Administrator of NASA's Science Mission Directorate in 2007. He resigned from that position after nearly a year. In early 2009 Stern's name was mentioned as a potential contender for the position of NASA administrator under President Obama's administration. Stern has stated, however, that he is not interested in the position at this time given his desire to spend time with his family.", "Q3494397": "Ingerid Swendsdatter of Denmark (also spelt Ingrid; 11th century \u2013 after 1093) was a Danish princess and a Norwegian Queen consort, spouse of King Olaf III of Norway.\nIngerid Swensdatter was the daughter of King Sweyn II of Denmark. It is not known which one of her father's wives and concubines who was the mother of Ingerid.She was married to Olav Kyrre in 1067 in a marriage arranged as a part of the peace treaty between Denmark and Norway, and became Queen of Norway upon marriage the same year. To further strengthen the alliance Olav Kyrre's half-sister, Ingegerd Haraldsdatter, married King Olaf I of Denmark, who was the brother of Queen Ingerid.Ingerid Svendsdatter was Olaf Kyrre's official consort and queen. There are not much information about her personality or her acts as queen. Queen Ingerid had no children by King Olaf. After the death of King Olav in 1093, queen dowager Ingerid, according to unconfirmed tradition, moved to Sogn and married Svein Brynjulfsson of Aurland, with whom she reportedly had a daughter, Hallkattla She seem to have retired to private life as a widow and there is nothing to indicate that she played any political part after the death of her spouse.\n\n", "Q92183": "Gerhard Beil (28 May 1926, Leipzig \u2013 19 August 2010, Berlin) was a politician for the SED and the Minister for Foreign Trade of the GDR.", "Q372035": "Emily Daoud Nasrallah (Arabic: \u0625\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u200e) (n\u00e9e Abi Rached; 6 July 1931 \u2013 13 March 2018) was a Lebanese writer and women's rights activist.\nShe graduated from then Beirut College for Women (now the Lebanese American University) with an associate degree in Arts in 1956, then continued her studies to earn a BA in education and literature from the American University of Beirut in 1958, but soon achieved acclaim for her writing with the publication of her first novel, Birds of September, in 1962. The book earned her instant praise and three Arabic literary prizes.She became a prolific writer, publishing many novels, children's stories and short story collections touching on themes such as family, village life, war, emigration and women's rights. The latter was a subject she has maintained support for throughout her life.", "Q623099": "Odorheiu Secuiesc (Romanian pronunciation: [odor\u02ccheju seku\u02c8jesk]; Hungarian: Sz\u00e9kelyudvarhely, Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8se\u02d0k\u025bjudv\u0252rh\u025bj] (listen); German: Odorhellen) is the second largest municipality in Harghita County, Transylvania, Romania. In its short form, it is also known as Odorhei in Romanian and Udvarhely in Hungarian. The Hungarian name of the town \"Udvarhely\" means \"courtyard place.\"", "Q435657": "Courtney Elizabeth Jines (born May 4, 1992) is an American actress, producer and screenwriter. She is best known for her roles as Demetra in Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over and Amanda Wilkinson in Because of Winn-Dixie. In 2012 Courtney founded her own production company called Moonflower Pictures.", "Q247924": "Sylvie Goulard (born 6 December 1964) is a French politician and civil servant who served as Minister of the Armed Forces from 17 May to 21 June 2017 in the First Philippe government. She decided to quit along with other Democratic Movement (MoDem) ministers, before the MoDem was investigated on potentially fictitious employment of parliamentary assistants. On 17 January 2018, Goulard was appointed Deputy Governor of the Bank of France, succeeding Denis Beau.A native of Marseille, Goulard served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for West France from 2009 until 2014. She was reelected in the 2014 election for South-East France. As an MEP she was a member of the Committee for Economic and Monetary Affairs and an ALDE group coordinator, as well as a substitute member of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development between 2009 and 2014 and Committee on Constitutional Affairs between 2014 and 2017. In 2010 she participated in the creation of the Euro-federalist interparliamentarian Spinelli Group. She served as a foreign affairs advisor; Goulard also is a former president of the Mouvement europ\u00e9en-France, the oldest pluralist association defending the European ideal. In 2017, Goulard joined the newly formed En Marche! party.\n\n", "Q20731": "Pierre Denis, known also as P\u00ear Denez (3 February 1921 \u2013 30 July 2011), was a French linguist, lexicographer, scholar and writer.Denis was born in Rennes. Thanks to his contributions in the form of novels, essays and linguistics, he contributed to the preservation of the written Breton language. He died in Romill\u00e9.", "Q1818149": "Lenny Fontana is an American house music DJ from New York City.\n\n", "Q215904": "Manfred Freiherr von Killinger (14 July 1886 \u2013 2 September 1944) was a German naval officer, Freikorps leader, military writer and Nazi politician. A veteran of World War I and member of the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt during the German Revolution, he took part in the military intervention against the Bavarian Soviet Republic. After the Freikorps was disbanded, the antisemitic Killinger was active in the Germanenorden and Organisation Consul, masterminding the murder of Matthias Erzberger. He was subsequently a National Socialist German Workers Party representative in the Reichstag and a leader of the Sturmabteilung, before serving as Saxony's Minister-President and playing a part in implementing Nazi policies at a local level.\nPurged during the Night of the Long Knives, he was able to recover his status, and served as Nazi Germany's Consul in San Francisco between 1936 and 1939. As Ambassador to the Slovak Republic in 1940, he played a part in enforcing antisemitic legislation in that country. In early 1941, Killinger was appointed to a similar position in Romania, where he first became noted for supporting Ion Antonescu during the Legionary Rebellion. Together with his aide Gustav Richter, he attempted to gain Romania's participation in the German-led Final Solution, thus pressuring Romanian authorities to divert focus from their own mass murder of Jews. Killinger oversaw German presence in Romania until 1944, and was the target of a notorious 1943 pamphlet by writer Tudor Arghezi. He committed suicide in Bucharest, days after King Michael's Coup of August 23, 1944 toppled the Antonescu regime.", "Q111264": "Fritz Neuland (30 January 1889 \u2013 4 November 1969) was a Bavarian lawyer, Jewish leader, and Senator.\nIn the 1920s, he had a law office in Munich, together with the later Bavarian Prime Minister Wilhelm Hoegner.\nAfter surviving World War II as a forced labourer, he returned to Munich, where he became President of the Jewish community.\nFrom 1951 until his death in 1969, he served as a Bavarian Senator.\nNeuland married a Christian woman named Margarethe, who converted to Judaism upon marrying Neuland. They had a daughter Charlotte Knobloch, who later became President of the Central Council of Jews in Germany.", "Q234712": "Lori Anne Loughlin (; born July 28, 1964) is an American actress, model, and producer. She is known for her role as Rebecca Donaldson-Katsopolis on the ABC sitcom Full House (1988\u20131995) and its Netflix sequel Fuller House (2016\u20132018). Loughlin has also had success playing the roles of Jody Travis in The Edge of Night (1980\u20131983), Debbie Wilson in The CW series 90210 (2008\u20132011, 2012), Jennifer Shannon in the Garage Sale Mystery television film series (2013\u20132018), and Abigail Stanton in When Calls the Heart (2014\u20132019). Loughlin was a co-creator, producer and star for the two seasons of The WB series Summerland (2004\u20132005).On March 12, 2019, Loughlin and her husband Mossimo Giannulli were arrested in connection with an alleged nationwide college entrance exam cheating scandal, charged with conspiracy to commit mail fraud and honest services mail fraud, and released on bail. On April 15, they pleaded not guilty.", "Q984165": "Mark Mazower (; born 20 February 1958) is a British historian. His expertise are Greece, the Balkans and, more generally, 20th-century Europe. He is Ira D. Wallach Professor of History at Columbia University in New York City.\n\n", "Q522459": "Bad Harzburg (Eastphalian: Bad Harzborch) is a spa town in central Germany, in the Goslar district of Lower Saxony. It lies on the northern edge of the Harz mountains and is a recognised saltwater spa and climatic health resort.", "Q151898": "Stranger than Fiction is a 2006 American fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Marc Forster, produced by Lindsay Doran, and written by Zach Helm. The film stars Will Ferrell, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Dustin Hoffman, Queen Latifah, and Emma Thompson. The main plot follows Harold Crick (Ferrell), an IRS worker who begins hearing a disembodied voice narrating his life as it happens \u2013 seemingly the text of a novel in which it is stated that he, the main character, will soon die \u2013 and he frantically seeks to somehow prevent that ending. The film was shot on location in Chicago, and has been praised for its innovative, intelligent story and fine performances. Ferrell, who came to prominence playing brash comedic parts, garnered particular attention for offering a restrained performance in his first starring dramatic role.\nStranger than Fiction was released by Columbia Pictures on November 10, 2006. Upon release, the film received positive reviews mainly for its themes, humor, and performances.", "Q108735": "Werner Alfred Berger (22 February 1901 in Konstanz \u2013 10 June 1964 in Rottweil) was a German SS-Oberscharf\u00fchrer and a member of the command in the KZ Buchenwald.", "Q32335": "Antonia Eugenia \"Nia\" Vardalos (born September 24, 1962; Greek: \u039d\u03af\u03b1 \u0392\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2) is a Canadian actress, screenwriter, and producer. Her most notable work is the 2002 film My Big Fat Greek Wedding, which was based on a one-woman stage play she dramatized and in which she starred.", "Q25649": "Saul David Alinsky (January 30, 1909 \u2013 June 12, 1972) was an American community activist and political theorist. His work through the Chicago-based Industrial Areas Foundation helping poor communities organize to press demands upon landlords, politicians and business leaders won him national recognition and notoriety. Responding to the impatience of a New Left generation of activists in the 1960s, in his widely cited Rules for Radicals: A Pragmatic Primer (1971) Alinsky defended the arts both of confrontation and of compromise involved in community organizing as keys to the struggle for social justice.", "Q466569": "Johannes Stefanus Joseph \"Hans\" Hillen (born 17 June 1947) is a retired Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and journalist.", "Q524028": "Alberto Ronchey (26 September 1926 \u2013 5 March 2010) was an Italian journalist, essayist and politician.\nHe was author of the term \"K factor\" to indicate the inability of the Western communist parties to win the elections by democratic means.\nHe was the Italian Minister of Cultural Heritage and Activities from 1992 to 1994 in Giuliano Amato's cabinet and subsequently Carlo Azeglio Ciampi's cabinet. He was president of RCS MediaGroup from 1994 to 1998.", "Q64173": "Find Me Guilty is a 2006 American courtroom comedy-drama crime film co-written and directed by Sidney Lumet, based on the true story of the longest Mafia trial in American history. The film stars Vin Diesel as mobster Giacomo \"Jackie\" DiNorscio, who faces a series of charges even though he has a prior 30-year sentence, but he decides to stand trial instead of ratting out his family and associates. A wrench is thrown into the system when DiNorscio attempts to defend himself and act as his own lawyer at trial.\nThe film also stars Peter Dinklage, Linus Roache, Alex Rocco, and Ron Silver. Much of the courtroom testimony was taken from the original court transcripts.", "Q872181": "The Scout movement, also known as Scouting or the Scouts, is a voluntary non-political educational movement for young people open to all without distinction of gender, origin, race or creed, in accordance with the purpose, principles and method conceived by the founder, Lord Baden-Powell. The purpose of the Scout Movement is to contribute to the development of young people in achieving their full physical, intellectual, emotional, social and spiritual potentials as individuals, as responsible citizens and as members of their local, national and international communities.\nDuring the first half of the twentieth century, the movement grew to encompass three major age groups for boys (Cub Scout, Boy Scout, Rover Scout) and, in 1910, a new organization, Girl Guides, was created for girls (Brownie Guide, Girl Guide and Girl Scout, Ranger Guide). It is one of several worldwide youth organizations.\nIn 1906 and 1907 Robert Baden-Powell, a lieutenant general in the British Army, wrote a book for boys about reconnaissance and scouting. This book, Scouting for Boys, was based on his earlier books about military scouting, with influence and support of Frederick Russell Burnham (Chief of Scouts in British Africa), Ernest Thompson Seton of the Woodcraft Indians, William Alexander Smith of the Boys' Brigade, and his publisher Pearson. In mid-1907 Baden-Powell held a camp on Brownsea Island in England to test ideas for his book. This camp and the publication of Scouting for Boys (London, 1908) are generally regarded as the start of the Scout movement.\n\nThe movement employs the Scout method, a programme of informal education with an emphasis on practical outdoor activities, including camping, woodcraft, aquatics, hiking, backpacking, and sports. Another widely recognized movement characteristic is the Scout uniform, by intent hiding all differences of social standing in a country and making for equality, with neckerchief and campaign hat or comparable headwear. Distinctive uniform insignia include the fleur-de-lis and the trefoil, as well as badges and other patches.\nThe two largest umbrella organizations are the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM), for boys-only and co-educational organizations, and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS), primarily for girls-only organizations but also accepting co-educational organizations. The year 2007 marked the centenary of Scouting worldwide, and member organizations planned events to celebrate the occasion.", "Q138190": "Thomas Gholson Jr. (c. 1780 \u2013 July 4, 1816) was an American lawyer and politician. He represented Virginia from 1808 to 1816 in the United States House of Representatives, after serving in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1806 to 1809.", "Q1806411": "James Stillman Rockefeller (June 8, 1902 \u2013 August 10, 2004) was a member of the prominent U.S. Rockefeller family. He won an Olympic rowing title for the United States then became president of what eventually became Citigroup. He was a trustee of the American Museum of Natural History and a member of the board of overseers of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.", "Q107360": "Burkhard Hirsch (29 May 1930 \u2013 11 March 2020) was a German politician and civil liberties advocate. A member of the Free Democratic Party (FDP), Hirsch spent 21 years in the Bundestag (1972\u20131975, 1980\u20131998). He also served five years as Minister of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia (1975\u20131980).", "Q984603": "Tiburon is an incorporated town in Marin County, California. It is located on the Tiburon Peninsula, which reaches south into the San Francisco Bay. The smaller city of Belvedere (formerly a separate island) occupies the south-west part of the peninsula and is contiguous with Tiburon. Tiburon is bordered by Corte Madera to the north and Mill Valley to the west, but is otherwise mostly surrounded by the Bay. Besides Belvedere and Tiburon, much of the peninsula is unincorporated, including portions of the north side and the communities of Strawberry and Paradise Cay.\nThe population of Tiburon was 8,962 at the 2010 census. Belvedere and Tiburon share a post office.The city's name derives from the Spanish word tibur\u00f3n, which means \"shark\". The name was first given to the peninsula on which the city is situated, and probably inspired by the prevalence of locally native leopard sharks in the surrounding waters. Tiburon was formerly the southern terminus of the San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad (subsequently the Northwestern Pacific Railroad), which transported freight for transfer to barges for shipping to cities around San Francisco Bay. It is now a commuter and tourist town, linked by fast ferry services to San Francisco and with a concentration of restaurants and clothes shops. It is the nearest mainland point to Angel Island and a regular ferry service connects to the island.", "Q96483": "Henry Ernest of Stolberg-Wernigerode (German: Heinrich Ernst (later calling himself Henrich Ernst) zu Stolberg-Wernigerode; 7 December 1716, Wernigerode \u2013 24 October 1778, Halberstadt) was a German politician, canon, dean and author of many hymns. He also published some poetry and collections of songs. He was Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode from 1771 until his death.", "Q183060": "Anoushiravan Rohani (Persian: \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e; born July 24, 1939), also spelled Anooshiravan Rowhani, is an Iranian pianist and composer. He is known for composing and conducting contemporary classical music, as well as pop music with light classical leaning. He has also composed a number of scores to Iranian films.", "Q166952": "Gergely Csiky (also Gregor Csiky; 8 December 1842 \u2013 19 November 1891) was a Hungarian dramatist.\nCsiky was born in Pankota, in the county of Arad. He studied Roman Catholic theology at Pest and Vienna, and was professor in the Priests College at Timi\u0219oara from 1870 to 1878. In the latter year, however, he joined the Evangelical Church, and took up literature. Beginning with novels and works on ecclesiastical history, which met with some recognition, he ultimately devoted himself to writing for the stage. Here his success was immediate. In his Az ellen\u00e1llhatatlan (Irresistible), which obtained a prize from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, he showed the distinctive features of his talent: directness, freshness, realistic vigor, and highly individual style. In rapid succession he enriched Magyar literature with realistic genre pictures, such as A Prolet\u00e1rok (Proletariat), Bubor\u00e9kok (Bubbles), K\u00e9t szerelem (Two Loves), A sz\u00e9gyenl\u0151s (The Bashful), Athalia, etc., in all of which he seized on one or another feature or type of modern life, dramatizing it with unusual intensity, qualified by chaste and well-balanced diction. Of the latter, his classical studies may, no doubt, be taken as the inspiration, and his translation of Sophocles and Plautus will long rank with the most successful of Magyar translations of the ancient classics. Among the best known of his novels are Arnold, Az Atlasz csal\u00e1d (The Atlas Family). He died in Budapest on 19 November 1891.\nThe Csiky Gergely Theatre of Kaposv\u00e1r and the Hungarian Theatre of Timi\u0219oara bear his name.", "Q88865": "Johann Chrysostomus Senn (1 April 1795, Pfunds \u2013 30 September 1857, Innsbruck; pseudonym: Bombastus Bebederwa) was a political lyric poet of the Vorm\u00e4rz.", "Q193273": "Goran Bregovi\u0107 (Cyrillic: \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0411\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, born 22 March 1950) is a Yugoslavian recording artist. He is one of the most internationally known modern musicians and composers of the Slavic-speaking countries in the Balkans, and is one of the few former Yugoslav musicians who has performed at major international venues such as Carnegie Hall, Royal Albert Hall and L'Olympia. \nA Sarajevo native, Bregovi\u0107 started out with Kodeksi and Jutro, but rose to prominence as the main creative mind and lead guitarist of Bijelo dugme, widely considered as one of the most popular recording acts ever to exist in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and one of the most important bands of the Yugoslav rock scene. After Bijelo Dugme split up, he started composing film scores. Among his better known film scores are three of Emir Kusturica's films (Time of the Gypsies, Arizona Dream, and Underground). For Time of the Gypsies, Bregovi\u0107 won a Golden Arena Award at the Pula Film Festival in 1990, among other awards. He had also composed for the Academy Award-nominated film La Reine Margot and the Cannes-entered film The Serpent's Kiss.\nBregovi\u0107, during his five-decade long career, has composed for critically acclaimed singers, including Sezen Aksu, Kayah, Iggy Pop, \u0160aban Bajramovi\u0107, George Dalaras and Ces\u00e1ria \u00c9vora.", "Q97945": "Hans Breuer was the mayor of Augsburg, Germany, for eighteen years between 1972 and 1990. He is Sudeten German and a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. One of his most memorable achievements was the grand celebration of Augsburgs 2,000 years of existence in 1985. In 1991 Breuer became an honorary citizen of the city of Augsburg.", "Q72077": "Elizabeth Claire Kemper (born May 2, 1980) is an American actress and comedian. She played the receptionist Erin Hannon in the NBC comedy series The Office (2009\u20132013), and later the starring role of Kimmy Schmidt on the Netflix comedy series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt (2015\u20132019), for which she has received two nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. Kemper also appeared in the films Bridesmaids (2011) and 21 Jump Street (2012). In 2018 she published her first book, My Squirrel Days.", "Q4406134": "Jo\u00e3o Roberto Marinho (Rio de Janeiro, September 16, 1953) is a Brazilian businessman, chairman of the Editorial Board and vice president of the Globo Organizations. He is the third of four children of the deceased communications tycoon Roberto Marinho (1904\u20132003).", "Q1973924": "Ned Washington (born Edward Michael Washington, August 15, 1901 \u2013 December 20, 1976) was an American lyricist born in Scranton, Pennsylvania.", "Q85399": "Harald Ettl (born 7 December 1947 in Gleisdorf, Styria) is an Austrian politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1996 until 2009. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party, which is part of the Party of European Socialists.\nDuring his time in Parliament, Ettle served on the [European Parliament Committee on Employment and Social Affairs|Committee on Employment and Social Affairs]]. He was also a substitute for the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, a member of the delegation to the EU\u2013Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with the Mashreq countries.", "Q66002": "Friedrich Adam von Trott zu Solz (9 August 1909 \u2013 26 August 1944) was a German lawyer and diplomat who was involved in the conservative resistance to Nazism. A declared opponent of the Nazi regime from the beginning, he actively participated in the Kreisau Circle of Helmuth James Graf von Moltke and Peter Yorck von Wartenburg. Together with Claus von Stauffenberg and Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg he conspired in the 20 July plot, and was supposed to be appointed Secretary of State in the Foreign Office and lead negotiator with the Western Allies if they had succeeded.", "Q489976": "Chung Doo-un (\uc815\ub450\uc5b8, 6 March 1957 \u2013 16 July 2019) was a South Korean politician who was Vice-Mayor of Seoul from 2000 to 2003. \nChung, along with Chu ho-young and Park Hyung-jun, was a close associate of President Lee Myung-bak but later became critical of him and the leadership of the Grand National Party after Lee's election. On 26 August 2011, he described Lee Myung-bak's fair society governance as a failure due to the prime minister-led surveillance against civilians in 2010.The Minjoo Party's Kim Young-ho took his seat in the National Assembly at the 20th general election, held on 13 April 2016.", "Q76211": "Marcel Beyer (born 23 November 1965) is a German writer.", "Q444910": "Khia Shamone Finch (n\u00e9e Chambers, November 8, 1977), known professionally as Khia (, KY-\u0259), is an American rapper, songwriter, singer, media personality, and record producer. She is best known for her hit single \"My Neck, My Back (Lick It)\".", "Q181677": "George Raymond Richard Martin (born George Raymond Martin; September 20, 1948), also known as GRRM, is an American novelist and short story writer in the fantasy, horror, and science fiction genres, screenwriter, and television producer. He is writing the series of epic fantasy novels A Song of Ice and Fire, which was adapted into the HBO series Game of Thrones (2011\u20132019).\nIn 2005, Lev Grossman of Time called Martin \"the American Tolkien\", and in 2011, he was included on the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world.", "Q381803": "The Regional Municipality of Durham, informally referred to as Durham Region, is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada. Located east of Toronto and the Regional Municipality of York, Durham forms the east-end of the Greater Toronto Area and the core part of the Golden Horseshoe region. It has an area of approximately 2,500 km2 (970 sq mi). The regional government is headquartered in Whitby.\nThe southern portion of the region, on Lake Ontario is primarily suburban in nature, forming the eastern end of the 905 area code belt of suburbs around Toronto. The northern area comprises rural areas and small towns. The city of Pickering, town of Ajax and the township of Uxbridge are part of the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area, while the communities of Oshawa, Whitby, and Clarington comprise the Oshawa Census Metropolitan Area.", "Q229743": "Niamh Kavanagh ( NEEV KAV-\u0259-naar; born 13 February 1968) is an Irish singer who sang the winning entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1993.\nThe 1993 Eurovision Song Contest was held in Millstreet, County Cork, Republic of Ireland. She sang \"In Your Eyes\" to clinch a second consecutive win for Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest.\nThe singer represented Ireland again in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Oslo, with the song \"It's for You\". She performed at the semi-final on 27 May 2010, finishing 9th in a field of 17 contestants, thus qualifying for the Grand Final on 29 May 2010. In the final, she finished 23rd in a field of 25 contestants, having received 25 points.\nKavanagh is highly regarded among fans of the Eurovision Song Contest, and the OGAE Ireland (official Eurovision fan club) president, Diarmuid Furlong, said: \"A lot of us would regard Niamh as one of the best vocalists who's ever won [the Eurovision Song Contest]\". While she has enjoyed success in Europe Kavanagh remains relatively unknown in the United States. However, the singer recorded an album in that country following her initial Eurovision success.", "Q165283": "Martin Patterson Hingle (July 19, 1924 \u2013 January 3, 2009) was an American character actor, who appeared in hundreds of television shows and feature films. His first film was On the Waterfront in 1954. He often played tough authority figures. Hingle was a close friend of Clint Eastwood and appeared in the Eastwood films Hang 'em High, The Gauntlet, and Sudden Impact. He also portrayed Jim Gordon in the Batman film franchise from 1989 to 1997.", "Q561212": "Sylvain Mar\u00e9chal (15 August 1750 \u2013 18 January 1803) was a French essayist, poet, philosopher and political theorist, whose views presaged utopian socialism and communism. His views on a future golden age are occasionally described as utopian anarchism. He was editor of the newspaper R\u00e9volutions de Paris.", "Q364131": "Robert Clark Seger (, born May 6, 1945) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. As a locally successful Detroit-area artist, he performed and recorded as Bob Seger and the Last Heard and Bob Seger System throughout the 1960s, breaking through with his first album, Ramblin' Gamblin' Man (which contained his first national hit of the same name) in 1968. By the early 1970s, he had dropped the 'System' from his recordings and continued to strive for broader success with various other bands. In 1973, he put together the Silver Bullet Band, with a group of Detroit-area musicians, with whom he became most successful on the national level with the album Live Bullet (1976), recorded live with the Silver Bullet Band in 1975 at Cobo Hall in Detroit, Michigan. In 1976, he achieved a national breakout with the studio album Night Moves. On his studio albums, he also worked extensively with the Alabama-based Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, which appeared on several of Seger's best-selling singles and albums.\nA roots rocker with a classic raspy, powerful voice, Seger wrote and recorded songs that deal with love, women, and blue-collar themes and is an example of a heartland rock artist. Seger has recorded many hits, including \"Night Moves\", \"Turn the Page\", \"Still the Same\", \"We've Got Tonite\", \"Against the Wind\", \"You'll Accomp'ny Me\", \"Hollywood Nights\", \"Shame on the Moon\", \"Like a Rock\", and \"Shakedown\", the last of which was written for the 1987 film Beverly Hills Cop II and topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Seger also co-wrote the Eagles' number-one hit \"Heartache Tonight\", and his recording of \"Old Time Rock and Roll\" was named one of the Songs of the Century in 2001.\nWith a career spanning six decades, Seger has sold more than 75 million records worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. Seger was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004 and the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2012. Seger was named Billboard's 2015 Legend of Live honoree at the 12th annual Billboard Touring Conference & Awards, held November 18\u201319 at the Roosevelt Hotel in New York. He announced his farewell tour in September 2018.", "Q35314": "Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April [O.S. 3 April] 1894 \u2013 11 September 1971) led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and as chairman of the Council of Ministers (or premier) from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. Khrushchev's party colleagues removed him from power in 1964, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as Premier.\nKhrushchev was born in 1894 in the village of Kalinovka, close to the present-day border between Russia and Ukraine. He was employed as a metal worker during his youth, and he was a political commissar during the Russian Civil War. With the help of Lazar Kaganovich, he worked his way up the Soviet hierarchy. He supported Joseph Stalin's purges, and approved thousands of arrests. In 1938, Stalin sent him to govern the Ukrainian SSR, and he continued the purges there. During what was known in the Soviet Union as the Great Patriotic War (Eastern Front of World War II), Khrushchev was again a commissar, serving as an intermediary between Stalin and his generals. Khrushchev was present at the bloody defense of Stalingrad, a fact he took great pride in throughout his life. After the war, he returned to Ukraine before being recalled to Moscow as one of Stalin's close advisers.\nOn 5 March 1953, Stalin's death triggered a power struggle in which Khrushchev emerged victorious upon consolidating his authority as First Secretary. On 25 February 1956, at the 20th Party Congress, he delivered the \"Secret Speech\", which denounced Stalin's purges and ushered in a less repressive era in the Soviet Union. His domestic policies, aimed at bettering the lives of ordinary citizens, were often ineffective, especially in agriculture. Hoping eventually to rely on missiles for national defense, Khrushchev ordered major cuts in conventional forces. Despite the cuts, Khrushchev's rule saw the most tense years of the Cold War, culminating in the Cuban Missile Crisis.\nKhrushchev's popularity was eroded by flaws in his policies. This emboldened his potential opponents, who quietly rose in strength and deposed the Premier in October 1964. However, he did not suffer the deadly fate of previous Soviet power struggles, and was pensioned off with an apartment in Moscow and a dacha in the countryside. His lengthy memoirs were smuggled to the West and published in part in 1970. Khrushchev died in 1971 of a heart attack.", "Q192145": "Herman Hollerith (February 29, 1860 \u2013 November 17, 1929) was an American businessman, inventor, and statistician who developed an electromechanical tabulating machine for punched cards to assist in summarizing information and, later, in accounting. His invention of the punched card tabulating machine, patented in 1884, marks the beginning of the era of semiautomatic data processing systems, and his concept dominated that landscape for nearly a century. He was the founder of the Tabulating Machine Company that was amalgamated (via stock acquisition) in 1911 with three other companies to form a fifth company, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, which was renamed IBM in 1924. Hollerith is regarded as one of the seminal figures in the development of data processing.", "Q263104": "Kinuyo Tanaka (\u7530\u4e2d \u7d79\u4ee3, Tanaka Kinuyo, 29 November 1909 \u2013 21 March 1977) was a Japanese actress and director. She had a career lasting over 50 years with more than 250 credited films, and was best known for her roles in collaboration with director Kenji Mizoguchi over 15 films between 1940 and 1954. She was also a second cousin to director Masaki Kobayashi.", "Q53091": "Potatoes and Dragons is an animated series produced by Alphanim (now Gaumont Animation) and Canadian animation company Cinar (now DHX Media). It was formerly broadcast in the United States until late September 2010 on This TV and first broadcast on France 3 in 2003.", "Q6080085": "Ishfaq Ahmad Khan SI, HI, NI, FPAS (3 November 1930 \u2013 18 January 2018), was a Pakistani nuclear physicist, emeritus professor of high-energy physics at the National Center for Physics, and former science advisor to the Government of Pakistan.A versatile theoretical physicist, Ahmad made significant contributions in the theoretical development of the applications and concepts involving the particle physics, and its relative extension to the quantum electrodynamics, while working as senior research scientist at the CERN in 1960s and 1970s. Joining the PAEC in late 1950s, Ahmad served as the director of the Nuclear Physics Division at the secret Pinstech Institute which developed the first designs of atomic bombs, a clandestine project during the post-1971 war. There, he played an influential role in leading the physics and mathematical calculations in the critical mass of the weapons, and did theoretical work on the implosion method used in the weapons.Since 1960s and onwards, he has been a high-ranking official at the IAEA as part of the Pakistan Government's official mission, working to make the peaceful use of nuclear power for the industrial development. Having chaired the PAEC from 1991 until 2001, he has been affiliated with the Pakistan Government as a Science adviser to the Prime minister on strategic and scientific programs, with the status of Minister of State. A vehement supporter for the peaceful use of nuclear energy, he earned public and international fame in May 1998 when he oversaw and directed PAEC to perform country's first public atomic tests (see Chagai-I and Chagai-II) in a secret weapon-testing laboratories in Balochistan Province of Pakistan. He died on 18 January 2018, aged 87 in Lahore.", "Q159552": "Johannes Vilhelm Jensen (commonly known as Johannes V. Jensen; 20 January 1873 \u2013 25 November 1950) was a Danish author, often considered the first great Danish writer of the 20th century. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1944 \"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style\". One of his sisters, Thit Jensen, was also a well-known writer and a very vocal, and occasionally controversial, early feminist.", "Q98486": "Bertha Badt-Strauss (7 December 1885 \u2013 20 February 1970) was a German writer and Zionist. She wrote for numerous Jewish publications in Berlin and the United States, and edited and translated the works of many other writers.", "Q1154267": "DJ Sneak (born Carlos Sosa; November 5, 1969) is a Puerto Rican born American DJ and record producer raised in Chicago, Illinois, United States. He is noted as being one of the second wave of Chicago house producers, (alongside Derrick Carter, Cajmere/Green Velvet, Gemini, James Curd and Paul Johnson) as well as a member of the vanguard of late-1990s United States house producers.", "Q1016726": "Qian'an (simplified Chinese: \u8fc1\u5b89; traditional Chinese: \u9077\u5b89; pinyin: Qi\u0101n'\u0101n) is a county-level city in the northeast of Hebei province, China. It is under the administration of Tangshan City.", "Q179682": "Bj\u00f6rn Kristian Ulvaeus (credited as Bj\u00f6rn Ulv\u00e6us [\u02c8bj\u0153\u02d0\u0273 \u0275l\u02c8v\u011b\u02d0\u0275s] (listen); born 25 April 1945) is a Swedish songwriter, producer, a member of the Swedish musical group ABBA, and co-composer of the musicals Chess, Kristina fr\u00e5n Duvem\u00e5la, and Mamma Mia!. He co-produced the film Mamma Mia! with fellow ABBA member and close friend Benny Andersson.", "Q948553": "Vittorio Feltri (born 25 June 1943) is an Italian journalist and editor in chief.", "Q183048": "The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961. The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, and their friend Al Jardine. Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era. The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as composer, arranger, producer, and de facto leader, they often incorporated classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.\nThe Beach Boys began as a garage band led by Brian and managed by the Wilsons' father Murry. In 1963, the band gained national prominence with a string of top-ten singles reflecting a southern California youth culture of surfing, cars, and romance, dubbed the \"California Sound\". From 1965, they abandoned beachgoing themes for more personal lyrics and ambitious orchestrations. In 1966, the Pet Sounds album and \"Good Vibrations\" single raised the group's prestige as rock innovators and established the band as symbols of the nascent counterculture era. After scrapping the album Smile in 1967, Brian's contributions diminished due to his mental health issues. The group's commercial momentum faltered, and despite efforts to maintain an experimental sound, they were dismissed by early rock critics as the archetypal \"pop music cop-outs\".\nCarl took over as the band's musical leader until the late 1970s, during which they rebounded with successful worldwide concert tours. Personal struggles, creative disagreements, and the overshadowing success of the band's greatest hits albums precipitated their transition into an oldies act. Dennis drowned in 1983 and Brian soon became estranged from the group. Between the 1990s and 2000s, the members filed numerous lawsuits over royalties, defamation, songwriting credits, and use of the band's name. Following Carl's death from lung cancer in 1998, the group and its corporation (Brother Records Inc.) granted Love legal rights to tour as \"the Beach Boys\". As of 2020, Brian and Jardine do not perform with Love's Beach Boys, but remain official members of the band.\nThe Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed, commercially successful, and influential bands of all time. They were one of the earliest self-contained rock bands and one of the few US bands who maintained their success before, during, and after the 1964 British Invasion. Between the 1960s and 2010s, they had over 80 songs chart worldwide, 36 of them in the US Top 40 (the most by a US rock band), and four topping the Billboard Hot 100. They have sold over 100 million records worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling bands of all time, and are ranked number 12 on Rolling Stone magazine's 2004 list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\". Their influence spans many genres and decades, inspiring the development of movements such as psychedelia, power pop, progressive rock, punk, alternative, and lo-fi. The core quintet of the three Wilsons, Love, and Jardine was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988.", "Q291392": "Mich\u00e8le Laroque (French pronunciation: \u200b[mi\u0283\u025bl la\u0281\u0254k]; born 15 June 1960) is a French actress, comedian, humorist, producer and screenwriter.", "Q781404": "The Australian Film Television and Radio School (AFTRS) is Australia's national screen arts and broadcast school. The school is an Australian Commonwealth government statutory authority.AFTRS' focus is to advance the success of Australia's screen arts and broadcast industries by developing the skills and knowledge of talented individuals and undertaking research.", "Q470445": "Prost\u011bjov (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8prosc\u025bjof]; German: Pro\u00dfnitz, Yiddish: \u05e4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05e5\u200e Prostitz) is a city in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic, in the historical region of Moravia. Today the city is known for its fashion industry and A\u010cR special forces unit 601. skss based there. The historical core of the town has been declared for historical preservation.", "Q12973": "Leopold III (3 November 1901 \u2013 25 September 1983) was King of the Belgians from 1934 until 1951.\nOn the outbreak of World War II, Leopold tried to maintain Belgian neutrality, but after the German invasion in May 1940, he surrendered his country, earning him much hostility, both at home and abroad. His act was declared unconstitutional by Prime Minister Hubert Pierlot and his cabinet, who presently moved to London to form a government-in-exile, while Leopold and his family were placed under house arrest. In 1944, they were moved to Germany and then Austria, before being liberated by the Americans, but banned for some years from returning to Belgium, where his brother Prince Charles had been declared Regent. Leopold\u2019s eventual return to his homeland in 1950 nearly caused a civil war, and under pressure from the government, he abdicated in favour of his son, Prince Baudouin in July 1951.\nLeopold\u2019s first wife, Queen Astrid, was killed in a road accident while on a driving holiday in Switzerland in 1935, being much mourned by the public. His second marriage, to Lilian Baels in captivity in 1941, was not valid under Belgian law, and she was never permitted the title of Queen.", "Q660822": "Seeland District in the Canton of Bern was created on 1 January 2010. It is part of the Seeland administrative region. It contains 42 municipalities with an area of 334.14 km2 (129.01 sq mi) and a population (as of 2018) of 74,467.", "Q3577030": "Armodios \"Aris\" C. Vovos (Greek: \u0391\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \"\u0386\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2\" \u0392\u03c9\u03b2\u03cc\u03c2; born October 21, 1964) is a Greek businessman. The family business Babis Vovos Constructions filed for bankruptcy protection in 2015. Vovos is a rally driver and was president of Maroussi Basketball Club.", "Q338114": "Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, 2nd Baronet, PC (4 September 1843 \u2013 26 January 1911) was an English Liberal and Radical politician. A republican in the early 1870s, he later became a leader in the radical challenge to Whig control of the Liberal Party, making a number of important contributions, including the legislation increasing democracy in 1883\u20131885, his support of the growing labour and feminist movements and his prolific writings on international affairs.\nTouted as a future prime minister, his aspirations to higher political office were effectively terminated in 1885 after a notorious and well-publicised divorce case.\nHis disgrace and the alignment of Joseph Chamberlain with the Conservatives both greatly weakened the radical cause.", "Q6563843": "The Nizari Ismaili state, also called the Alamut State, was a Shia Nizari Ismaili state founded by the Order of Assassins under Hassan-i Sabbah after he took control of the Alamut Castle in 1090 AD. The state included a nexus of strategic fortresses throughout Persia and Syria, with each stronghold being surrounded by huge swathes of hostile territory, in particular, the Seljuk Empire.\nThe order of the Assassins was formed as a result of a religious and political movement of the minority Nizari Ismaili sect supported by the anti-Seljuk population. Being heavily outnumbered, they resisted adversaries by employing strategic strongholds and the use of unconventional tactics, such as assassination of important figures and psychological warfare.\nTwo centuries after its foundation, the state declined internally under Rukn al-Din Khurshah, who eventually dismantled and surrendered the Alamut Castle to the invading Mongols. Much of what is known about the Nizaris are based on hostile sources.", "Q261713": "Nadia Alexandra Bjorlin (born August 2, 1980) is an American actress, singer, and model.", "Q42417165": "Gen:Lock (stylized as gen:LOCK) is an American animated web series created by Gray Haddock and produced by Rooster Teeth. It is set in a dystopian future Earth where an international coalition known as The Polity fights a hostile, autocratic invading force known as The Union. The show follows the gen:LOCK program and its members, who participate in the development and testing of an experimental technology which allows for individuals with unique mental make ups to have their minds uploaded to giant suits of mecha armor called \"Holons\".", "Q69319": "John Richard Kasich Jr. ( KAY-sik; born May 13, 1952) is an American politician, author, and television news host who served as the 69th Governor of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. Kasich is a Republican.A native of McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania, Kasich has lived much of his adulthood in Ohio, specifically the state capital of Columbus. Kasich served nine terms as a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Ohio's 12th congressional district from 1983 to 2001. His tenure in the House included 18 years on the House Armed Services Committee and six years as chairman of the House Budget Committee. He was a key figure in the passage of both 1996 welfare reform legislation and the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. Kasich decided not to run for re-election in 2000. After leaving Congress, Kasich hosted Heartland with John Kasich on Fox News from 2001 to 2007 and was a fill-in host for The O'Reilly Factor. He also worked as an investment banker, serving as managing director of the Lehman Brothers office in Columbus, Ohio.In the 2010 Ohio gubernatorial election, Kasich defeated Democratic incumbent Ted Strickland. He was reelected in 2014, defeating Democratic challenger Ed FitzGerald by 30 percentage points.\nKasich unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for President in 2000 and 2016, receiving one electoral vote from a faithless elector in Texas in 2016. Kasich declined to support the Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump and did not attend the 2016 Republican National Convention, which was held in the state that he represented at the time. He reported that he wrote-in the name of U.S. Senator and former 2008 Republican presidential nominee John McCain. Kasich was term-limited and could not seek a third term in 2018. He was succeeded by Ohio Attorney General and former U.S. Senator Mike DeWine. In 2019, Kasich joined CNN as a contributor.", "Q934856": "Eric Villency (born June 10, 1975) is the CEO of Villency Design Group, an interior and product design firm.", "Q41495": "Sarah Guppy, n\u00e9e Beach (5 November 1770 \u2013 24 August 1852) was an English engineer and the first woman to patent a bridge, in 1811. She was also an inventor and designer who developed a range of products.Following the publication of an erroneous entry in the ONDB in 2016, now corrected Guppy has in recent times been incorrectly credited with the design of Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Clifton Suspension Bridge. She designed and patented her own chain bridge in 1811 (before the announcement of the first competition for a bridge across the Avon Gorge) but this design was never realised. Brunel\u2019s winning design for a bridge across the Avon Gorge differed from Guppy's patent in several significant ways: it had a deck suspended from flat wrought iron bar links rather than resting on top of chains like Guppy's; and it did not feature riverbed foundations (a key component of Guppy's design) as it was constructed 75 metres above high tide where the piers were not at risk of damage from water erosion.", "Q237555": "Sarah Ann Waters (born 21 July 1966) is a Welsh novelist. She is best known for her novels set in Victorian society and featuring lesbian protagonists, such as Tipping the Velvet and Fingersmith.", "Q112023": "Heinrich Lammasch (21 May 1853 \u2013 6 January 1920) was an Austrian jurist. He was a professor of criminal and international law, a member of the Hague Arbitration Tribunal, and served as the last Minister-President of Austria (or Cisleithania) for a few weeks in October and November 1918. He was the first and only non-noble to serve as Minister-President in the Austrian half of the Habsburg Monarchy.", "Q271500": "Tessa Lynne Thompson (born October 3, 1983) is an American actress and singer. Born and raised in Los Angeles, she began her acting career with the Los Angeles Women's Shakespeare Company while studying at Santa Monica College. She appeared in productions of The Tempest and Romeo and Juliet, the latter of which earned her a NAACP Theatre Award nomination. Her breakthrough came with a leading roles in Tina Mabry's independent drama film Mississippi Damned (2009) and Tyler Perry's drama film For Colored Girls (2010). \nThompson gained critical acclaim for her performances in the comedy-drama Dear White People (2014), as civil rights activist Diane Nash in the historical drama Selma (2014), and as Bianca Taylor in the sport drama films Creed (2015) and Creed II (2018). She gained mainstream recognition for her starring role as Valkyrie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films Thor: Ragnarok (2017) and Avengers: Endgame (2019).\nHer other films include the dark comedy Sorry to Bother You (2018), the psychological horror film Annihilation (2018), the science fiction action film Men in Black: International (2019), and the musical romance film Lady and the Tramp (2019). On television, Thompson starred in the noir drama series Veronica Mars (2005\u20132006), the drama series Copper (2012\u20132013), and the science fiction series Westworld (2016\u2013present).", "Q539051": "The Greeks or Hellenes (; Greek: \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u00c9llines [\u02c8elines]) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople at various periods.\nIn recent times, most ethnic Greeks live within the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. The Greek genocide and population exchange between Greece and Turkey nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor. Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern Russia and Ukraine and in the Greek diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church.Throughout history, Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture, visual arts, exploration, theatre, literature, philosophy, politics, architecture, music, mathematics, medicine, science, technology, commerce, cuisine and sports.", "Q217685": "Caligula (Italian: Caligola) is a 1979 erotic historical drama film focusing on the rise and fall of the eponymous Roman Emperor Caligula. It stars Malcolm McDowell in the title role, alongside Teresa Ann Savoy, Helen Mirren, Peter O'Toole, John Steiner and John Gielgud. It is the only feature film produced by the men's magazine Penthouse. Producer Bob Guccione, the magazine's founder, intended to produce an explicit pornographic film with a feature film narrative and high production values. He cast Penthouse Pets as extras in unsimulated sex scenes filmed during post-production by himself and Giancarlo Lui.\nGuccione hired screenwriter Gore Vidal to draft the film's script and Tinto Brass to direct the film. Brass extensively altered Vidal's original screenplay, leading Vidal to disavow the film. The final screenplay focuses on the idea that \"absolute power corrupts absolutely\". However, both Brass and Vidal disagreed with Guccione's use of unsimulated sexual content, which Brass refused to film. Because the producers did not allow Brass to edit the film, they changed its tone and style significantly and added hardcore sex scenes not filmed by Brass, thus turning Caligula into a pornographic drama that disregarded the director's intentions to present the film as a political satire. As a result, Brass also disavowed the film.\nCaligula's release was met with legal issues and controversies over its violent and sexual content. Its uncut form remains banned in several countries. Although contemporary reviews were overwhelmingly negative, Caligula is now considered to be a cult classic in retrospect, and its political content is considered to have significant merit.\nThe script was later adapted into a novelization written by William Johnston under the pseudonym William Howard.In 2018, Penthouse announced that a new Director's Cut of the film was being edited by Alexander Tuschinski, with the approval of Brass's family. No release date for that cut has been confirmed. In 2020, another version of the film was announced to be released in the fall of that year, edited by E. Elias Merhige to follow more closely Gore Vidal's original screenplay instead of Tinto Brass' or Bob Guccione's vision.\n\n", "Q70890": "Rudolf Breitscheid (2 November 1874 \u2013 28 August 1944) was a leading member of the Social Democratic Party and a delegate to the Reichstag during the era of the Weimar Republic in Germany.\nBreitscheid, the son of a bookshop manager, was born in Cologne. He studied at a Gymnasium (an academically-oriented secondary school) in Cologne. From 1894 to 1898 he studied Economics at the Universities of Munich and Marburg; in 1898 he obtained his doctorate with a dissertation entitled \"Land Policy in the Australian Colonies\". From 1898 to 1905, he worked as an editor and correspondent for newspapers with a middle-class, liberal outlook.\nBetween 1903 and 1908, Breitscheid was a member of the Free-minded Union. In 1908, he numbered among the founding members of the left-liberal Democratic Union (DV) and, until the Reichstag elections of 1912, served as its chair.\nAfter the DV foundered in the 1912 elections, Breitscheid joined the SPD, switching five years later to the more leftist splinter faction, the USPD (Independent Social Democratic Party). During the years of the First World War, he was the SPD faction's spokesman for foreign policy, as well as member of the German delegation to the League of Nations. After Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power in 1933 Breitscheid and all members of the SPD present voted against the Enabling Act of 1933. Especially Breitscheid and Otto Wels were singled out later by Konstantin von Neurath as example that acts of terror against different minded persons are a \"calumny\". He emigrated to France by way of Switzerland, with the help of Alfred Faust.There, efforts were undertaken by the Refugee Committee, under Varian Fry, to get him out of Vichy France, along with Rudolf Hilferding. These efforts were not successful, and in 1941, approximately a year into the German occupation of France, he was arrested by the Gestapo and interned in the Buchenwald concentration camp. The precise details of Breitscheid's last years are known only sketchily. According to the historian Nikolaus Wachsmann he died during an Allied air raid on 24 August 1944. Varian Fry instead believed that Breitscheid was murdered by the Gestapo on the orders of Hitler or another senior Nazi Party official. The high-profile communist Ernst Th\u00e4lmann was executed in the camp on the same day as Breitscheid died, with Th\u00e4lmann\u2019s murder concealed at the time as a death from an air-raid. He is buried in the Friedrichsfelde Central Cemetery in the borough of Lichtenberg in Berlin.Today, a square in the centre of Berlin is named after Breitscheid, while in Oberhof, Kaiserslautern, Potsdam, Leverkusen, and Dresden, as well other parts of eastern Germany, there are streets bearing his name.\nSome of the streets named after him in eastern Germany have, since 1989, been renamed.", "Q3359196": "Oza T\u00e9trault (1 May 1908 \u2013 17 October 1995) was a Ralliement cr\u00e9ditiste and Social Credit party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a president and manager by career.\nHe was first elected at the Villeneuve riding in\nthe 1968 general election under the Ralliement cr\u00e9ditiste party banner. He was re-elected at Villeneuve in the 1972 election, with his party assuming the Social Credit name in 1971. After completing his term in the 29th Canadian Parliament, T\u00e9trault left federal politics and did not campaign in any further federal elections.\nHis son, Ronald T\u00e9trault, became a Quebec provincial and municipal politician.", "Q697514": "Eug\u00e8ne Freyssinet (French: [\u00f8\u0292\u025bn f\u0281\u025bsin\u025b]) (13 July 1879 \u2013 8 June 1962) was a French structural and civil engineer. He was the major pioneer of prestressed concrete.", "Q92815": "Barry W. Boehm (born 1935) is an American software engineer, distinguished professor of computer science, industrial and systems engineering; the TRW Professor of Software Engineering; and founding director of the Center for Systems and Software Engineering at the University of Southern California. He is known for his many contributions to the area of software engineering.", "Q78214": "Alfred Kurella (May 2, 1895 \u2013 June 12, 1975) was a German author and functionary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in East Germany.", "Q50598": "Infinite (Korean: \uc778\ud53c\ub2c8\ud2b8; stylized as INFINITE) is a South Korean boy band formed in 2010 by Woollim Entertainment. The group is composed of six members: Sungkyu, Dongwoo, Woohyun, Sungyeol, L, and Sungjong. Originally a seven-piece group, Hoya departed from the group in August of 2017. Infinite debuted in 2010 with their EP First Invasion. Their first full album, Over the Top, was released in July 2011. Their EP New Challenge, released in March 2013, sold over 160,000 copies in South Korea alone and was one of the best-selling albums of 2013. Their second full album, Season 2, was released in May 2014.", "Q67334": "Flumenthal is a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q68007": "Cimadera is a former municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Certara, Cimadera, Valcolla and Sonvico merged into the municipality of Lugano.", "Q527509": "Albio B. Sires (born January 26, 1951) is a Cuban-American politician serving as the U.S. Representative for New Jersey's 8th congressional district, serving since 2006. The district, numbered as the 13th district from 2006 to 2013, includes most of northern and eastern Jersey City, as well as most of the Latino neighborhoods of Newark. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He previously represented district 33 in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2000 to 2006.", "Q922952": "Joseph G. Grifasi (born June 14, 1944) is an American character actor of film, stage and television.Grifasi was born in Buffalo, New York, the son of Patricia (n\u00e9e Gaglione) and Joseph J. Grifasi, a skilled laborer. Grifasi graduated from Bishop Fallon High School, a now-defunct Roman Catholic high school in Buffalo, when he made the decision that he wanted to be, not just any old actor, but a character actor. He played football and acted in many of the school's plays. Grifasi briefly attended Canisius College in Buffalo before joining the United States Army. He went on to study at the Yale School of Drama. While at the Yale School of Drama, he met his future wife, jazz soprano-saxophonist Jane Ira Bloom; they were married in 1974.Grifasi has played two New York Yankees elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame: Phil Rizzuto in 61*, set in 1961; and Yogi Berra in The Bronx Is Burning, set in 1977. Grifasi has played defense attorney, later Superior Court Judge, Hashi Horowitz on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit since 2005.\n\n", "Q2004114": "Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0413.\u0412. \u041f\u043b\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430) is a public research university in Moscow. It was founded in 1907 by entrepreneur Alexei Vishnyakov as the first finance-specialized college in the Russian Empire. During the Soviet rule it became a large university, recognized worldwide as one of the most prestigious.\nPlekhanov Russian University of Economics is consistently ranked as one of the top 10 universities in Moscow, and is every year included in QS World University Rankings, as well as in top 200 worldwide by employability of the students after graduation.\nIn addition to accreditation by Ministry of Education, the university has accreditations of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, European Council for Business Education and Association of MBAs. PRUE is also a member of the European University Association and the European Foundation for Management Development.\nPRUE changed its name more than once: Moscow Commercial Institute (1907\u20131919); Karl Marx Moscow Institute of the National Economy (1919\u20131924); Plekhanov Moscow Institute of the National Economy (1924\u20131991); the Plekhanov Russian Academy of Economics (1992\u20132010); Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (2010 to present). Recently, Plekhanov University acquired the Russian State University of Trade and Economics and the Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics, and Informatics.", "Q19198": "Chester Charles Bennington (March 20, 1976 \u2013 July 20, 2017) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. He was best known as the lead vocalist for Linkin Park and was also lead vocalist for the bands Grey Daze, Dead by Sunrise and, between 2013 and 2015, Stone Temple Pilots. As an actor, he appeared in films such as Crank (2006), Crank: High Voltage (2009), and Saw 3D (2010).Bennington first gained prominence as a vocalist following the release of Linkin Park's debut album Hybrid Theory (2000), which was a worldwide commercial success. The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in 2005, making it the best-selling debut album of the decade, as well as one of the few albums ever to achieve that many sales. Linkin Park's following studio albums, from Meteora (2003) to One More Light (2017), continued the band's success.\nBennington formed his own band, Dead by Sunrise, as a side project in 2005. The band's debut album, Out of Ashes, was released on October 13, 2009. He became the lead singer of Stone Temple Pilots in 2013 to release the extended play record High Rise on October 8, 2013, via their own record label, Play Pen, but left in 2015 to focus solely on Linkin Park. On July 20, 2017, Bennington was found dead at his home in Palos Verdes Estates, California; his death was ruled a suicide by hanging.\nBennington has been credited by several publications as one of the greatest rock vocalists of his generation. Hit Parader magazine placed Bennington number 46 on their list of the \"100 Metal Vocalists of All Time\". Writing for Billboard, Dan Weiss stated that Bennington \"turned nu-metal universal\".", "Q68761": "Elsa Einstein (18 January 1876 \u2013 20 December 1936) was the second wife and cousin of Albert Einstein. Their mothers were sisters, making them maternal first cousins, and further, their fathers were first cousins, making them paternal second cousins. Elsa had the surname of Einstein at birth, lost it when she took the name of her first husband Max L\u00f6wenthal, and regained it in 1919 when she married her cousin Albert.", "Q335356": "John Jacob \"Johnny\" Astor VIII, 3rd Baron Astor of Hever, PC DL (born 16 June 1946) is an English businessman and politician. He is an hereditary Lord Temporal, sitting with the Conservatives. Astor was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Ministry of Defence from 2010\u20132015. Astor is a Deputy Lieutenant of Kent.", "Q716778": "Bei Ling (\u8c9d\u5dba) (born December 28, 1959 in Beijing) is a Chinese poet, and journal editor. He is usually associated with the Chinese misty poets.", "Q104127": "Douglas Elton Fairbanks (born Douglas Elton Thomas Ullman; May 23, 1883 \u2013 December 12, 1939) was an American actor, screenwriter, director, and producer. He was best known for his swashbuckling roles in silent films including The Thief of Bagdad, Robin Hood, and The Mark of Zorro, but spent the early part of his career making comedies.\nFairbanks was a founding member of United Artists. He was also a founding member of The Motion Picture Academy and hosted the 1st Academy Awards in 1929. With his marriage to actress and film producer Mary Pickford in 1920, the couple became 'Hollywood royalty', and Fairbanks was referred to as \"The King of Hollywood\", a nickname later passed on to actor Clark Gable.\nThough widely considered as one of the biggest stars in Hollywood during the 1910s and 1920s, Fairbanks' career rapidly declined with the advent of the \"talkies\". His final film was The Private Life of Don Juan (1934).", "Q323534": "Lecil Travis Martin (September 1, 1931 \u2013 April 12, 1999), whose stage name was Boxcar Willie, was an American country music singer-songwriter and Air Force personnel sergeant, who sang in the \"old-time hobo\" music style, complete with dirty face, overalls, and a floppy hat. \"Boxcar Willie\" was originally a character in a ballad he wrote, but he later adopted it as his own stage name.", "Q1684779": "Jean-Claude Touche (7 August 1926 \u2013 29 August 1944) was a French musician, organist and composer.\n\n", "Q8818": "Valencia (Spanish: [ba\u02c8len\u03b8ja]), officially Val\u00e8ncia (Valencian: [va\u02c8lensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third-largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.6 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million depending on how the metropolitan area is defined. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. The city is ranked at Beta-global city in the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.Valencia was founded as a Roman colony by the consul Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus in 138 BC, and called Valentia Edetanorum. In 714 Moroccan and Arab Moors occupied the city, introducing their language, religion and customs; they implemented improved irrigation systems and the cultivation of new crops as well. Valencia was the capital of the Taifa of Valencia. In 1238 the Christian king James I of Aragon conquered the city and divided the land among the nobles who helped him conquer it, as witnessed in the Llibre del Repartiment. He also created a new law for the city, the Furs of Valencia, which were extended to the rest of the Kingdom of Valencia. In the 18th century Philip V of Spain abolished the privileges as punishment to the kingdom of Valencia for aligning with the Habsburg side in the War of the Spanish Succession. Valencia was the capital of Spain when Joseph Bonaparte moved the Court there in the summer of 1812. It also served as capital between 1936 and 1937, during the Second Spanish Republic.\nThe city is situated on the banks of the Turia, on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula, fronting the Gulf of Valencia on the Mediterranean Sea. Its historic centre is one of the largest in Spain, with approximately 169 ha (420 acres); this heritage of ancient monuments, views and cultural attractions makes Valencia one of the country's most popular tourist destinations.\nDue to its long history, this is a city with numerous celebrations and traditions, such as the Fallas, which were declared Fiestas of National Tourist Interest of Spain in 1965 and Intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in November 2016. From 1991 to 2015, Rita Barber\u00e1 Nolla was the mayor of the city; in 2015, Joan Rib\u00f3 from Coalici\u00f3 Comprom\u00eds became mayor.\n\n", "Q150576": "Francisco Mart\u00ednez Soria (December 18, 1902 \u2013 February 26, 1982) better known as Paco Mart\u00ednez Soria was a Spanish actor. He was born in Tarazona, Zaragoza, Aragon.", "Q1981224": "Jacob Avshalomov (March 28, 1919 \u2013 April 25, 2013) was an American composer and conductor.\n\n", "Q459969": "Reri Grist (born February 29, 1932) is an American coloratura soprano, one of the pioneer African-American singers to enjoy a major international career in opera.", "Q340911": "Rollercoaster is a 1977 American disaster-suspense film starring George Segal, Richard Widmark, Henry Fonda and Timothy Bottoms, and directed by James Goldstone. It was one of the few films to be shown in Sensurround, which caused those watching the movie to vibrate during certain periods during the \"thrill scenes\" on the rides.\n\n", "Q90964": "Johann Heinrich Burchard (26 July 1852 \u2013 6 September 1912) was a Hamburg lawyer and politician who served as senator (from 1885 until his death) and First Mayor and President of the Senate of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (in 1903, 1906, 1908\u20131909 and from 1 January 1912 until his death).\nBurchard was born in Bremen, a member of the Hanseatic Burchard family, the son of banker Friedrich Wilhelm Burchard (1824\u201392) and Marianne Gossler (1830\u20131908), a granddaughter of Senator and banker Johann Heinrich Gossler and a great-granddaughter of Johann Hinrich Gossler and Elisabeth Berenberg. His father was a merchant in Bremen, who in 1853 became a partner of the Berenberg Bank (Joh. Berenberg, Gossler & Co.) owned by his wife's family. The family then relocated to Hamburg, where, after taking part in the Franco-Prussian War as a volunteer, he completed his abitur at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums before studying Law at the Universities of Leipzig, Heidelberg and G\u00f6ttingen.\nAs a typical Hanseat, he rejected noble titles and any form of awards.\nA portrait of Burchard by Max Liebermann is displayed at Hamburg's representation (embassy) in Berlin.\nIn 1877, he married Emily Henriette Amsinck (1858\u20131931), a daughter of Wilhelm Amsinck (1821\u20131909). His oldest son, Wilhelm Amsinck Burchard-Motz, was also a Hamburg senator and Second Mayor.\nHeinrich Burchard died in Hamburg, aged 60.", "Q1538638": "Heather B. Gardner (born November 13, 1971) billed professionally as Heather B., is an American hip hop artist who first gained fame as a member of the hip hop group Boogie Down Productions before becoming a cast member on The Real World: New York, the first season of MTV's reality show The Real World.", "Q109403": "Thomas Webel (born 27 July 1954) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU).", "Q824489": "The Estado Novo (Portuguese pronunciation: [(\u0268)\u0283\u02c8tadu, -\u00f0u \u02c8novu], \"New State\"), or the Second Republic, was the corporatist period of rule beginning in Portugal in 1933. It evolved from the Ditadura Nacional (\"National Dictatorship\") formed after the coup d'\u00e9tat of 28 May 1926 against the democratic and unstable First Republic. Together, the Ditadura Nacional and the Estado Novo are recognised as the Second Portuguese Republic. The Estado Novo, greatly inspired by conservative and autocratic ideologies, was developed by Ant\u00f3nio de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal from 1932 to 1968, when illness forced him out of office. After 1945, his corporatist economic model was less and less useful and it retarded economic modernization.\nOpposed to communism, socialism, anarchism, liberalism and anti-colonialism, the regime was corporatist, conservative, and nationalist in nature, defending Portugal's traditional Catholicism. Its policy envisaged the perpetuation of Portugal as a pluricontinental nation under the doctrine of lusotropicalism, with Angola, Mozambique, and other Portuguese territories as extensions of Portugal itself, and it being a supposed source of civilization and stability to the overseas societies in the African and Asian possessions. Under the Estado Novo, Portugal tried to perpetuate a vast, centuries-old empire with a total area of 2,168,071 square kilometres (837,097 sq mi), while other former colonial powers had largely already acceded to global calls for self-determination and independence.Portugal joined the United Nations (UN) in 1955, and was a founding member of NATO (1949), OECD (1961), and EFTA (1960). In 1968 Marcello Caetano was appointed the new head of government. On 25 April 1974, the Carnation Revolution in Lisbon, a military coup organized by left-wing Portuguese military officers \u2013 the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) \u2013 overthrew the Estado Novo regime. Fiercely criticized by most of the international community after World War II and decolonization, it was one of the longest-surviving authoritarian regimes in Europe. \nBy the late 1950s Estado Novo had succeed in pulling Portugal out of the educational abyss in which it had long found itself: illiteracy among children of school age virtually disappeared.From 1950 until Salazar's death in 1970, Portugal saw its GDP per capita increase at an annual average rate of 5.7 per cent. The economic growth and levels of capital formation from 1960 to 1973 were characterized by an unparalleled robust annual growth rates of GDP (6.9 per cent), industrial production (9 per cent), private consumption (6.5 per cent) and gross fixed capital formation (7.8 per cent).\nIn 1960, at the initiation of Salazar's more outward-looking economic policy, Portugal's per capita GDP was only 38 percent of the European Community (EC-12) average; by the end of the Salazar period, in 1968, it had risen to 48 percent; and in 1973, under the leadership of Marcelo Caetano, Portugal's per capita GDP had reached 56.4 percent of the EC-12 average. On a long term analysis, after a long period of economic divergence before 1914, and a period of chaos during the First Republic, the Portuguese economy recovered slightly until 1950, entering thereafter on a path of strong economic convergence with the wealthiest economies of Western Europe, until the Carnation Revolution in April 1974.Despite the remarkable growth, and economic convergence, by the fall of the Estado Novo in 1974, Portugal still had the lowest per capita income in Western Europe, as well as the highest rate of preventable deaths and infant mortality rate in Europe.", "Q855270": "Ancient Greek religion encompasses the collection of beliefs, rituals, and mythology originating in ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. These groups varied enough for it to be possible to speak of Greek religions or \"cults\" in the plural, though most of them shared similarities.\nMost ancient Greeks recognized the twelve major Olympian gods and goddesses\u2014Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Ares, Aphrodite, Apollo, Artemis, Hephaestus, Hermes, and either Hestia or Dionysus\u2014although philosophies such as Stoicism and some forms of Platonism used language that seems to assume a single transcendent deity. The worship of these deities, and several others, was found across the Greek world, though they often have different epithets that distinguished aspects of the deity, and often reflect the absorption of other local deities into the pan-Hellenic scheme.\nThe religious practices of the Greeks extended beyond mainland Greece, to the islands and coasts of Ionia in Asia Minor, to Magna Graecia (Sicily and southern Italy), and to scattered Greek colonies in the Western Mediterranean, such as Massalia (Marseille). Early Italian religions such as the Etruscan religion were influenced by Greek religion and subsequently influenced much of the ancient Roman religion.", "Q446691": "Larry LaRocco (born August 25, 1946) is an American politician who served two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing the Idaho's 1st congressional district. LaRocco ran for lieutenant governorship in 2006 and the U.S. Senate in 2008; he was defeated by Jim Risch in the general election both times.", "Q56160091": "Cactus Jack Records is an American record label founded by rapper Travis Scott. The label's current acts include Scott, Sheck Wes, Don Toliver, Luxury Tax, and Scott's DJ Chase B.", "Q1526406": "Giovanni Treccani (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292o\u02c8vanni trek\u02c8ka\u02d0ni]; 3 January 1877 \u2013 6 July 1961) was an Italian textile industrialist, publisher and cultural patron. He sponsored the Giovanni Treccani Institute, established 18 February 1925 to publish the Enciclopedia Italiana (currently best known with his own name, Enciclopedia Treccani).\nTreccani was the son of a pharmacist. At the age of 17, he emigrated to Germany to work as a textile worker. In 1924, he became a Senator of Italy. In 1925 work started on the Italian Encyclopedia Institute. In 1937 he was awarded the title of Count, and in 1939 received a degree honoris causa in literature from the University of Milan.", "Q1196": "Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (German: [\u02c8me\u02d0kl\u0259nb\u028a\u0281k \u02c8fo\u02d0\u0250\u032fp\u0254m\u0250n], abbreviated MV), also known by its anglicized name Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania or also Mecklenburg-Hither Pomerania, is a state of Germany. Of the country's 16 states, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ranks 14th in population, 6th in area, and 16th in population density. Schwerin is the state capital and Rostock is the largest city. Other major cities include Neubrandenburg, Stralsund, Greifswald, Wismar and G\u00fcstrow.\nThe state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern was established in 1945 after World War II through the merger of the historic regions of Mecklenburg and the Prussian Western Pomerania by the Soviet military administration in Allied-occupied Germany. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern became part of the German Democratic Republic in 1947, but was dissolved in 1952 during administrative reforms and its territory divided into the districts of Rostock, Schwerin, and Neubrandenburg. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern was re-established in 1990 following German reunification, and became one of the Federal Republic of Germany's new states.\nMecklenburg-Vorpommern's coastline on the Baltic Sea features many holiday resorts and much unspoilt nature, including the islands such as R\u00fcgen and Usedom, as well as the Mecklenburg Lake District, making the state one of Germany's leading tourist destinations. Three of Germany's fourteen national parks, as well as several hundred nature conservation areas, are in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The University of Rostock, established in 1419, and the University of Greifswald, established in 1456, are among the oldest universities in Europe. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern was the site of the 33rd G8 summit in 2007.", "Q337555": "Situated at 16 rue Bonaparte in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the Acad\u00e9mie nationale de m\u00e9decine (National Academy of Medicine) was created in 1820 by king Louis XVIII at the urging of baron Antoine Portal. At its inception, the institution was known as the Acad\u00e9mie royale de m\u00e9decine (or Royal Academy of Medicine). This academy was endowed with the legal status of two institutions which preceded it \u2014 the Acad\u00e9mie royale de chirurgie (or Royal Academy of Surgery), which was created in 1731 and of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 royale de m\u00e9decine (or Royal Society of Medicine), which was created in 1776.", "Q23204": "Hampshire (, (listen); postal abbreviation Hants.) is a county in southern England. The county town is the city of Winchester. Its two largest cities, Southampton and Portsmouth, are administered separately as unitary authorities; the rest of the county is governed by Hampshire County Council.\nFirst settled about 14,000 years ago, Hampshire's history dates to Roman Britain, when its chief town was Winchester. When the Romans left Britain, the area was infiltrated by tribes from Scandinavia and mainland Europe, principally in the river valleys. The county was recorded in the 11th century Domesday Book, divided into 44 hundreds. From the 12th century, the ports grew in importance, fuelled by trade with the continent, wool and cloth manufacture in the county, and the fishing industry, and a shipbuilding industry was established. By the 16th century, the population of Southampton had outstripped that of Winchester. By the mid-19th century, with the county's population at 219,210 (double that at the beginning of the century) in more than 86,000 dwellings, agriculture was the principal industry and 10 per cent of the county was still forest. Hampshire played a crucial military role in both World Wars. The Isle of Wight, historically part of Hampshire, became a separate ceremonial county in 1974.\nThe county's geography is varied, with upland to 286 metres (938 ft) and mostly south-flowing rivers. There are areas of downland and marsh, and two national parks: the New Forest, and part of the South Downs, which together cover 45 per cent of Hampshire.\nHampshire is one of the most affluent counties in the country, with an unemployment rate lower than the national average, and its economy derived from major companies, maritime, agriculture and tourism. Tourist attractions include many seaside resorts, the national parks and the Southampton Boat Show. The county is known as the home of writers Jane Austen and Charles Dickens, the childhood home of Florence Nightingale and the birthplace of engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel.", "Q55392": "Louis Marie Malle (French: [mal]; 30 October 1932 \u2013 23 November 1995) was a French film director, screenwriter and producer. His film Le Monde du silence won the Palme d'Or in 1956 and the Academy Award for Best Documentary in 1957, although he was not credited at the ceremony; the award was instead presented to the film's co-director Jacques Cousteau. Later in his career he was nominated multiple times for Academy Awards. Malle is also one of only four directors to have won the Golden Lion twice.\nMalle worked in both French cinema and Hollywood, and he produced both French and English language films. His most famous films include the crime film Ascenseur pour l'\u00e9chafaud (1958), the World War II drama Lacombe, Lucien (1974), the romantic crime film Atlantic City (1980), the comedy-drama My Dinner with Andre (1981), and the autobiographical film Au revoir les enfants (1987).", "Q19955709": "Alice Attie (born in 1950) is a visual artist and published poet from New York City. After graduating from Barnard College in New York City with a degree in French literature, Attie obtained an MFA in poetry, studying under June Jordan at the City College of New York. Attie went on to complete a PhD from the Graduate School of the City University of New York in comparative literature, with a doctoral dissertation focused on \"modern elegy, specifically on the meeting place of language and the unspeakable: how we accommodate what is inaccessible to language\".\n\n", "Q715265": "Wesley Lawrence Willis (May 31, 1963 \u2013 August 21, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter and visual artist. Diagnosed with schizophrenia in 1989, Willis began a career as an underground singer-songwriter in the outsider music tradition. Willis' songs featuring his bizarre, humorous and often obscene lyrics sung over the auto accompaniment feature on his Technics KN keyboard.Willis gained a large cult following in the 1990s, particularly after the release of his 1995 Greatest Hits album on the Alternative Tentacles label. Jello Biafra compiled the album's track list. In addition to a large body of solo musical work, Willis fronted his own punk rock band, the Wesley Willis Fiasco, during the 1990s. He was also a visual artist long before he developed an interest in music, and produced hundreds of intricate, unusual, colored ink-pen drawings, most of them of various Chicago streetscapes; he frequently sold these on the street for between $20 and $40.Despite his mainly underground career, Willis has influenced a variety of media. For example, music software company Nullsoft took their slogan \"It really whips the llama's ass!\" for Winamp from Willis's song \"Whip the Llama's Ass\".", "Q4722006": "Alfonso Bustamante (born 12 November 1941 in Arequipa) is a Peruvian businessman and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Peru from 1993 to 1994.", "Q120085": "Martha Ellis Gellhorn (November 8, 1908 \u2013 February 15, 1998) was an American novelist, travel writer, and journalist who is considered one of the great war correspondents of the 20th century.She reported on virtually every major world conflict that took place during her 60-year career. Gellhorn was also the third wife of American novelist Ernest Hemingway, from 1940 to 1945. She died in 1998 in an apparent suicide at the age of 89, ill and almost completely blind. The Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism is named after her.", "Q443925": "Rosita Amores, born in Nules, Spain is a Spanish singer, known for her Burlesque performances and variety shows.Amores belongs to the first variety performers and erotic artists of Valencia, and gained fame during the 60 and 70's.", "Q818364": "Bentonville is the ninth-largest city in Arkansas, United States and the county seat of Benton County. The city is centrally located in the county with Rogers adjacent to the east. The city is the birthplace and world headquarters of Walmart, the world's largest retailer. It is one of the four main cities in the three-county Northwest Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is ranked 109th in terms of population in the United States with 463,204 residents in 2010, according to the United States Census Bureau. The city itself had a population of 35,301 at the 2010 Census, with an estimated population of 51,111 in 2018.", "Q95808": "Christoph Biemann (born 6 August 1952) is a German writer, director and producer and one of the presenters of the award-winning children's television show, Die Sendung mit der Maus. Also known as Die Maus (\"The Mouse\"), it has been on the air since 1971; Biemann joined the show in 1972. He has his own production company, Delta TV, and has won numerous awards, including the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. Though he produces many film shorts for The Mouse, he doesn't speak in or narrate any of them. He is known by a trademark green sweatshirt, which he wears on television and in public appearances.", "Q315092": "Paul Brandon Gilbert is an American hard rock and heavy metal guitarist. He is best known for being the co-founder of the band Mr. Big. He was also a member of Racer X, with whom he released several albums. In 1996, Gilbert launched a solo career, for which he has released numerous solo albums, and featured in numerous collaborations and guest appearances on other musicians' albums.\nGilbert has been voted fourth-best on GuitarOne magazine's \"Top 10 Greatest Guitar Shredders of All Time\". He has also ranked in Guitar World's \"50 Fastest Guitarists of All Time\" list.", "Q210840": "Yumi Yoshiyuki (\u5409\u884c\u7531\u5b9f or \u5409\u884c\u7531\u7f8e, Yoshiyuki Yumi) is a Japanese film director, actress, and screenwriter best known for her work in the pink film genre.\n\n", "Q49963": "Tatsuo Sato (\u4f50\u85e4 \u525b\u7537, Sat\u014d Tatsuo, 19 July 1937 \u2013 23 January 2013) was a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party and a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Fukushima, Fukushima, he attended the University of Tokyo and passed the bar exam while in the school. Upon graduation in 1961, he joined the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. Leaving the ministry in 1987, he ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives in 1990. He ran again in 1993 and was elected for the first time.", "Q57585": "Lothar Rendulic (23 October 1887 \u2013 17 January 1971) was an army group commander in the Wehrmacht during World War II. Rendulic was one of three Austrians who rose to the rank of Generaloberst (colonel general) in the German armed forces. The other two were Alexander L\u00f6hr and Erhard Raus.\nRendulic was tried at the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials in 1948. Though acquitted of deliberate scorched earth tactics during the Lapland war, he was convicted of killing hostages in Yugoslavia at the Hostages Trial and imprisoned. After his release in 1951 he took up writing.", "Q180233": "Pori (Finnish: [\u02c8pori]; Swedish: Bj\u00f6rneborg [bj\u0153rne\u02c8borj] (listen); Latin: Arctopolis) is a city and municipality on the west coast of Finland. The city is located some 10 kilometres (6 mi) from the Gulf of Bothnia, on the estuary of the Kokem\u00e4enjoki river. Pori was established in 1558 by Duke John, who later became John III of Sweden.\nThe city has a population of 84,318 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 2,062.00 square kilometres (796.14 sq mi) of which 870.01 km2 (335.91 sq mi) is water. The population density is 101.09/km2 (261.8/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish. It is the 11th largest city in Finland, and the 7th largest urban area. Pori is also the capital of the Satakunta region (pop. 224,028) and the Pori sub-region (pop. 136,905).", "Q655133": "Treasure Island (Russian: \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0449, Ostrov sokrovishch) is a 1988 Soviet animated film in two parts based on the novel with the same name by Robert Louis Stevenson. While the film combines traditional animation and live action, it does it in a very different way than the American film Who Framed Roger Rabbit (which was also filmed in 1988), by predominantly incorporating live action sequences as episodes into the movie, as opposed to having a relatively seamless filmed picture with a number of hand-drawn characters added into it.\nThe first part of the film was released in 1986 and the second in 1988, after which the two parts were always displayed together. The film attained a cult classic status practically immediately after release, even though it went directly to TV and never had a theatrical release.\nThe film won the following awards: Grand Prize in Minsk, 1987; Grand Prize in Kiev, 1989; 1st Prize on International Cinema Festival of Television films in Czechoslovakia.\nAn American version of this film called The Return to Treasure Island was released direct-to-video in 1992. This version of the film is 34 minutes shorter (episodes with living actors were completely removed) than the Russian version.", "Q2265546": "David XI (Georgian: \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 XI) or D\u0101w\u016bd Khan II (Persian: \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646\u200e, romanized: D\u0101w\u016bd Kh\u0101n, Georgian: \u10d3\u10d0\u10e3\u10d7-\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, translit.: daut-khani) (died c. 1579) was King of Kartli. A convert to Islam, he was appointed as Khan of Kartli by the Persian Shah Tahmasp I from 1562 (effectively from 1569) to 1578.", "Q7739610": "The High School of Music & Art, informally known as \"Music & Art\" (or \"M&A\"), was a public specialized high school located at 443-465 West 135th Street in the borough of Manhattan, New York, from 1936 until 1984. In 1961, Music & Art and the High School of Performing Arts (est. 1947) were formed into a two campus high school. The schools fully merged in 1984 into the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & the Arts.\nColloquially known as \"The Castle on the Hill,\" the building that once housed Music & Art is located in the Hamilton Heights neighborhood of Harlem, near the campus of the City College of New York and St. Nicholas Park. The building now houses the A. Philip Randolph Campus High School, a magnet school of the New York City Department of Education.", "Q312925": "Georgi Ivanov Markov (Bulgarian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432; 1 March 1929 \u2013 11 September 1978) was a Bulgarian dissident writer.\nMarkov originally worked as a novelist and playwright in his native country, the People's Republic of Bulgaria, until his defection in 1968. After relocating to London, he worked as a broadcaster and journalist for the BBC World Service, the US-funded Radio Free Europe and West Germany's Deutsche Welle. Markov used such forums to conduct a campaign of sarcastic criticism against the incumbent Bulgarian regime, which, according to his wife at the time he died, eventually became \"vitriolic\" and included \"really smearing mud on the people in the inner circles\".Georgi Markov was assassinated on a London street via a micro-engineered pellet containing ricin, fired into his leg from an umbrella wielded by someone associated with the Bulgarian Secret Service. It has been speculated that they asked the KGB for help.", "Q2436423": "Macedonians (Macedonian: \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0438, romanized: Makedonci) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to the region of Macedonia in South-East Europe. They speak the Macedonian language, a South Slavic language. About two thirds of all ethnic Macedonians live in North Macedonia and there are also communities in a number of other countries.", "Q3366414": "Janez Gori\u0161ek (born September 13, 1933) is a Slovenian civil engineer, constructor, and architect, who holds a degree from the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy at the University of Ljubljana. His works are mainly constructions of ski jumping and ski flying hills worldwide; his best-known work being the Gori\u0161ek Brothers Ski Flying Hill (Letalnica bratov Gori\u0161ek) in Planica, Slovenia, which was the world's second-largest ski flying bike\n. He drew profile for renovated Planica flying hill with help of his son. Since 2015, hill is again largest in the world.. He also participated in the ski jumping event at the 1956 Winter Olympics.\n\n", "Q133947": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Dienstbier Jr. (born 27 May 1969) is a Czech politician and lawyer, who has been the Senator for Kladno since 2011, representing the Social Democratic Party (\u010cSSD). He previously served as Minister for Human Rights, Equal Opportunities and Legislation in Bohuslav Sobotka's cabinet, and at various points he has been Deputy Leader of \u010cSSD, a member of the Chamber of Deputies, and shadow minister of Justice. He was also the \u010cSSD candidate for the first direct presidential elections in the Czech Republic in 2013.He is the son of Ji\u0159\u00ed Dienstbier Sr., a well-known Czech dissident and politician.", "Q1289900": "Kenneth Carleton Frazier (born (1954-12-17)December 17, 1954) is an American business executive. He is the chairman and CEO of the pharmaceutical company Merck & Co. (known as MSD outside of North America). After joining Merck & Co. as general counsel, he directed the company's defense against litigation over the anti-inflammatory drug Vioxx. Frazier is the first black man to lead a major pharmaceutical company (part of the Fortune 500 companies). He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2018.", "Q453288": "Francis George Steiner, FBA (April 23, 1929 \u2013 February 3, 2020) was a Franco-American literary critic, essayist, philosopher, novelist, and educator. He wrote extensively about the relationship between language, literature and society, and the impact of the Holocaust. An article in The Guardian described Steiner as a \"polyglot and polymath\".Among his admirers, Steiner is ranked \"among the great minds in today's literary world\". English novelist A. S. Byatt described him as a \"late, late, late Renaissance man ... a European metaphysician with an instinct for the driving ideas of our time\". Harriet Harvey-Wood, a former literature director of the British Council, described him as a \"magnificent lecturer \u2013 prophetic and doom-laden [who would] turn up with half a page of scribbled notes, and never refer to them\".Steiner was Professor of English and Comparative Literature at the University of Geneva (1974\u201394), Professor of Comparative Literature and Fellow at the University of Oxford (1994\u201395), Professor of Poetry at Harvard University (2001\u201302), and an Extraordinary Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge (since 1969).", "Q144271": "Zaid al-Rifai (Arabic: \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u200e) (born 27 November 1936 in Amman, Jordan) is a former Prime Minister of Jordan.", "Q115758": "Xavier Roger Perrot (1 February 1932 \u2013 8 December 2008) was a Swiss racing driver and garage owner, who won the European Hill Climb Championship in 1972. He had previously competed in Formula Two and drove his Brabham in the Formula Two class of the 1969 German Grand Prix.\nAfter participating in national-level motorsport as a driver and rallying co-driver, Perrot began racing in hillclimbing in the early 1960s, campaigning cars such as a Lotus 23 and an Abarth-Simca. In 1968 he switched to Formula Two, driving a Brabham BT23C, and after a difficult first season, improved in 1969, finishing fourth at Hockenheim and sixth in the Formula Two class of the German Grand Prix at the N\u00fcrburgring, 10th overall.\nIn 1970 Perrot campaigned a March 702, the first customer car sold by the company. With this car, he won the Preis von Deutschland Formula Two event at the N\u00fcrburgring. He continued in Formula Two in 1971 with a March 712M, finishing third at Imola, while also making a successful return to hillclimbing. He won the European Hill Climb Championship in 1972 using a March 722 F2 car, winning six events. He also raced this car occasionally in Formula Two, scoring points in three races, including fourth and fifth places in events at Hockenheim.Although Perrot raced in the Formula Two class of a World Championship Formula One event, he never raced in a full Formula One World Championship race. He did however drive Jo Siffert's ex-works March 701 in the non-Championship 1971 Jochen Rindt Memorial Trophy race at Hockenheim, where he finished 11th.Perrot retired in 1973 to concentrate on his garage business in his hometown of Zurich, where he died after a long illness in 2008, aged 76.", "Q207482": "1941 is a 1979 American period war action comedy film directed by Steven Spielberg, written by Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale, and featuring an ensemble cast including Dan Aykroyd, Ned Beatty, John Belushi, John Candy, Christopher Lee, Tim Matheson, Toshiro Mifune, and Robert Stack. The story involves a panic in the Los Angeles area after the December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.\nAlthough not as financially or critically successful as many of Spielberg's other films, it received belated popularity after an expanded version aired on ABC and its subsequent broadcasts on cable television and home video reissues, raising it to cult status.Co-writer Gale stated the plot is loosely based on what has come to be known as the Great Los Angeles Air Raid of 1942 as well as the bombardment of the Ellwood oil refinery, near Santa Barbara, by a Japanese submarine. Many other events in the film were based on real incidents, including the Zoot Suit Riots and an incident in which the U.S. Army placed an anti-aircraft gun in a homeowner's yard on the Maine coast.\n\n", "Q237541": "Veronica Guerin (5 July 1958 \u2013 26 June 1996) was an Irish crime reporter who was murdered by drug lords. Born in Dublin, she was an athlete in school, and later played on the Irish national teams for both football and basketball. After studying accountancy she ran a public-relations firm for seven years, before working for Fianna F\u00e1il and as an election agent for Se\u00e1n Haughey. She became a reporter in 1990, writing for the Sunday Business Post and Sunday Tribune. In 1994 she began writing about crime for the Sunday Independent. In 1996 she was fatally shot while stopped at a traffic light. The shooting caused national outrage in Ireland. Investigation into her death led to a number of arrests and convictions.", "Q324529": "Beyond the Law (Italian: Al di l\u00e0 della legge) is a 1968 Spaghetti Western film directed by Giorgio Stegani and starring Lee Van Cleef as Cudlip, Antonio Sab\u00e0to Sr. as Ben Novack and Gordon Mitchell as Burton. It was first distributed in the United States in 1971.", "Q1178799": "Dawn Records was an American record label. It was founded as a subsidiary of Seeco Records in 1954 and was run by Sidney Siegel.\nDawn first started issuing albums in the mid-1950s, releasing primarily jazz, but also pop, R&B, and folk revival material. While it was active only for a few years, it released a number of significant jazz releases. Its holdings were bought later by Biograph Records and then by Fresh Sound Records, both of which reissued much of its catalog on CD.", "Q115980": "Alfred Vogel (26 October 1902 \u2013 1 October 1996) was a Swiss herbalist, naturopath and writer.", "Q92801": "David Stifler Johnson (December 9, 1945 \u2013 March 8, 2016) was an American computer scientist specializing in algorithms and optimization. He was the head of the Algorithms and Optimization Department of AT&T Labs Research from 1988 to 2013, and was a visiting professor at Columbia University from 2014 to 2016. He was awarded the 2010 Knuth Prize.Johnson was born in 1945 in Washington, D.C.. He graduated summa cum laude from Amherst College in 1967, then earned his S.M. from MIT in 1968 and his Ph.D. from MIT in 1973. All three of his degrees are in mathematics. He was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery in 1995, and as a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2016.\nHe was the coauthor of Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness (ISBN 0-7167-1045-5) along with Michael Garey. As of March 9, 2016, his publications have been cited over 96,000 times, and he has an h-index of 78. Johnson died on March 8, 2016 at the age of 70.", "Q462055": "Evelyn Lauder (n\u00e9e Hausner; August 12, 1936 \u2013 November 12, 2011) was an Austrian American businesswoman, socialite and philanthropist who has been credited as one of the creators and popularizers of the pink ribbon as a symbol for awareness of breast cancer.", "Q4387659": "Danger Crue Records is a Japanese visual kei independent record label located in Tokyo, Japan. It was founded in 1981.", "Q325637": "Emory Leon Chaffee (April 15, 1885 \u2013 March 8, 1975) was an American physicist and a former professor at Harvard University from 1911 to 1953.\nChaffee was born in Somerville, Massachusetts. He studied electrical engineering and received his bachelor's degree from MIT in 1907. Afterward he made further studies at the Harvard University and took his master's degree and his Ph.D.\nHe was made an instructor in electrical engineering in 1911 and got a position as assistant professor of physics in 1917. In 1923 he became an associate professor and a professor in 1926. He was appointed Rumford Professor of Physics in 1940, and Gordon McKay Professor of applied physics in 1946. Chaffee became chairman of the Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Physics from 1949 till 1952.\nChaffee was awarded the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1959. He was best known for his work on thermionic vacuum tubes. In 1911 he invented the concept of the Chaffee Gap which was a way of producing continuous oscillations for long-distance telephone transmissions and in 1924 he started to work on controlling weather, using aircraft to break up clouds with electrically charged grains of sands.\nChaffee died in Waltham, Massachusetts.\n\n", "Q21375": "Saint-Jean-Saverne (German: Sankt Johann bei Zabern) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.", "Q152413": "Givatayim (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05b4\u05bc\u05d1\u05b0\u05e2\u05b8\u05ea\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05dd, lit. \"two hills\";) is a city in Israel east of Tel Aviv. It is part of the metropolitan area known as Gush Dan. Givatayim was established in 1922 by pioneers of the Second Aliyah. In 2018 it had a population of 60,212.The name of the city comes from the \"two hills\" on which it was established: Borochov Hill and Kozlovsky Hill. Kozlovsky is the highest hill in the Gush Dan region at 85 meters above sea level. The city was expanded in the 1930s so that today it is actually situated on 4 hills, Borochov, Kozlovsky, the railroad workers (poalei harakevet), and Rambam Hill.", "Q3438041": "William Rockwell \"Rocky\" Wirtz (born October 5, 1952) is the owner of the NHL's Chicago Blackhawks. He is also president of the Blackhawks' parent company, the Wirtz Corporation, a diversified conglomerate headquartered in Chicago.\nWirtz oversees Wirtz Corporation's commercial and residential real estate companies, wine and spirits distributor, formerly Wirtz Beverage Group, now Breakthru Beverage Group, an insurance company and banks in Illinois and Florida. Wirtz is also half-owner of the Blackhawks' home arena, the United Center, along with Chicago Bulls owner Jerry Reinsdorf. He and Reinsdorf are co-chairmen of the arena's Executive Committee.", "Q615271": "Joseph-Philippe Guay, (October 4, 1915 \u2013 July 30, 2001) was a Canadian parliamentarian, serving as a member of the Liberal Party.\nBorn in St. Vital, Manitoba, Teillet was an alderman and mayor of Saint-Boniface, Manitoba before turning to federal politics. He won the St. Boniface Liberal nomination in the buildup to the 1968 federal election over the sitting member, cabinet minister Roger-Joseph Teillet. Guay campaigned on the fact that he, unlike Teillet, had supported Pierre Elliott Trudeau on every ballot of the 1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership convention. He was returned in the general election, and was re-elected in 1972 and 1974.\nHe held numerous parliamentary functions including: Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Transport (1972\u20131974), Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Regional Economic Expansion (1974\u20131975), Chief Government Whip (1975\u20131977), Minister of State (Multiculturalism) (1977), Minister without Portfolio (1976\u20131977), and Minister of National Revenue (1977\u20131978).\nIn 1978, he was appointed to the Senate representing the senatorial division of St. Boniface, Manitoba. He retired on his 75th birthday in 1990.\nIn 1957, he was knighted as a member of the Order of Saint Gregory the Great by Pope Pius XII.", "Q68013": "Wittinsburg is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q64629": "Karl-Friedrich H\u00f6cker (11 December 1911 \u2013 30 January 2000) was a Nazi war criminal, German commander in the SS and the adjutant to Richard Baer, who was a commandant of Auschwitz I concentration camp from May 1944 to December 1944. In 2006, a photo album created by H\u00f6cker (the H\u00f6cker Album), with some 116 pictures from his time at Auschwitz, was given to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, sparking new interest in his activities as a concentration camp administrator.", "Q2904018": "Mount Pleasant Cemetery is a cemetery located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The cemetery was opened in November 1876, and is located north of Moore Park, a neighbourhood of Toronto. The cemetery has miles of drives and walking paths, interspersed with fountains, statues, botanical gardens, and rare and distinct trees, originally laid out by German-born landscape architect Henry Adolph Engelhardt, inspired by the European and American garden cemeteries of the 19th century, and with influences from Mount Auburn Cemetery in Boston.As the final resting place of more than 168,000 persons, Mount Pleasant Cemetery contains remarkable architecture amongst its many monuments. The cemetery was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 2000.", "Q63146": "Martin Chemnitz (9 November 1522 \u2013 8 April 1586) was an eminent second-generation German, Evangelical Lutheran, Christian theologian, and a Protestant reformer, churchman, and confessor. In the Evangelical Lutheran tradition he is known as Alter Martinus, the \"Second Martin\": Si Martinus non fuisset, Martinus vix stetisset (\"If Martin [Chemnitz] had not come along, Luther would hardly have survived\") goes a common saying concerning him. He is listed and remembered in the Calendar of Saints and Commemorations in the Liturgical Church Year as a pastor and confessor in the Lutheran Book of Worship (1978) and subsequent Evangelical Lutheran Worship (2005) used by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.\n\n", "Q311592": "Muhsin Al-Ramli (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u200e, officially known as Muhisin Mutlak Rodhan; born 7 March 1967) is an expatriate Iraqi writer living in Madrid, Spain since 1995. He is a translator of several Spanish classics to Arabic. He produced the complete translation of Don Quixote from Spanish to Arabic. He teaches at the Saint Louis University Madrid Campus. He is the current editor of Alwah, a magazine of Arabic literature and thought, which he co-founded.", "Q106042": "J\u00fcrgen Walter (born 23 August 1968 in Jugenheim) is a German lawyer and politician, and a former member of the Parliament of Hesse for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).\nHe completed his law studies in 1996, and has since worked as an attorney. Walter became a member of the SPD in 1987, and was chairman of Jusos in Hesse from 1996 to 1999. He was a member of the city council of Gernsheim from 1993 to 2002. J\u00fcrgen Walter is a member of the Netzwerk Hessen, which together with the Netzwerk Berlin strongly supported the policies of Chancellor Gerhard Schr\u00f6der.\nIn 1999, Walter was elected to the Parliament of Hesse. Until 2003, he was Secretary General of SPD Hesse, and from 2003 until November 2008, he was vice chairman of SPD Hesse. From February 2003 to January 2008, he was chairman of the SPD parliamentary faction in the Hessian parliament.\nIn August 2006, he was a candidate for the nomination as top candidate (and Prime Minister candidate) of SPD in Hesse. He received 165 votes, while leftist Andrea Ypsilanti received 175 votes.\nOn 3 November 2008, he declared, together with fellow SPD MPs Carmen Everts, Silke Tesch and Dagmar Metzger, that he would not support Andrea Ypsilanti as Prime Minister of Hesse, in a planned election. Ypsilanti, chair of SPD in Hesse, was supposed to form a government with support of the leftist Die Linke. The SPD party had, before the election, vowed not under any circumstances to cooperate with Die Linke.\nWithout the support of his party, J\u00fcrgen Walter could not run for another term as a member of parliament in the 2009 election.", "Q62258": "John Henry Mackay (6 February 1864 Greenock, Scotland \u2013 16 May 1933 Stahnsdorf, (Germany)) was an egoist anarchist, thinker and writer. Born in Scotland and raised in Germany, Mackay was the author of Die Anarchisten (The Anarchists, 1891) and Der Freiheitsucher (The Searcher for Freedom, 1921). Mackay was published in the United States in his friend Benjamin Tucker's magazine, Liberty.", "Q88859": "Bodo Hell (born 15 March 1943 in Salzburg) is an Austrian writer. He studied the organ with the Mozarteum, Salzburg, and in Vienna he studied Film and Television, Philosophy, German Studies and History. He lives in Vienna and Dachstein, Styria. He has worked with, among others, Friederike Mayr\u00f6cker, Ernst Jandl, Liesl Ujvary and Hil de Gard.", "Q7897910": "UpFront Records is a record label owned and founded by DeVyne Stephens. Stephens began his career in the early 1990s with Devyne featuring 90 Miles an Hour. \"I was one of the first artists L.A. [Reid] and Babyface signed to LaFace Records,\" he says. But the group broke up before it could release an album.\nUndaunted, Stephens found his niche as a choreographer and imaging expert for LaFace Records. He worked with everyone from Pebbles, Toni Braxton and Pink to TLC, Usher and Boyz II Men. He says that people in Atlanta have their own individual style. \"Being I'm a native from Atlanta, I cultivate that style and put it on different artists,\" he says.\nStephens discovered Senegalese R&B singer Akon, who just moved to Atlanta from New Jersey. He signed Akon to his own UpFront Records and secured a distribution deal with SRC/Universal. \"I always believed that Akon was special,\" he says. Akon went on to sell over a million copies of his 2004 debut, Trouble, and score hit singles like \"Locked Up\" and \"Lonely.\"\nUpFront Records' roster includes Akon, R&B quartet Red Dirt, and rap group FA (Free Agents). He says there isn't much difference between his former job at LaFace and his current duties as a record executive. He teaches his artists, \"The first thing people look for is individuality. You gotta[sic] have that in the music industry. Style is definitely important.\"", "Q12967": "Leopold II (9 April 1835 \u2013 17 December 1909) was King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909. Born in Brussels as the second but eldest surviving son of Leopold I and Louise of Orl\u00e9ans, he succeeded his father to the Belgian throne in 1865 and reigned for 44 years until his death \u2013 the longest reign of any Belgian monarch. He died without surviving sons. The current Belgian king descends from his nephew and successor, Albert I.\nLeopold was the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State, a private project undertaken on his own behalf. He used Henry Morton Stanley to help him lay claim to the Congo, the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. At the Berlin Conference of 1884\u20131885, the colonial nations of Europe authorized his claim by committing the Congo Free State to improving the lives of the native inhabitants. Leopold ignored these conditions and ran the Congo using the mercenary Force Publique for his personal gain. He extracted a fortune from the territory, initially by the collection of ivory, and after a rise in the price of rubber in the 1890s, by forced labour from the native population to harvest and process rubber. He used great sums of the money from this exploitation for public and private construction projects in Belgium during this period. He donated the private buildings to the state before his death, to preserve them for Belgium.\nLeopold's administration of the Congo was characterised by murder, torture, and atrocities, resulting from notorious systematic brutality. The hands of men, women, and children were amputated when the quota of rubber was not met. These and other facts were established at the time by eyewitness testimony and on-site inspection by an international Commission of Inquiry (1904). Millions of the Congolese people died: modern estimates range from 1 million to 15 million deaths, with a consensus growing around 10 million. Some historians argue against this figure, citing the absence of reliable censuses, the enormous mortality of diseases such as smallpox or sleeping sickness, and the fact that there were only 175 administrative agents in charge of rubber exploitation. In 1908, the reports of deaths and abuse induced the Belgian government to take over the administration of the Congo from Leopold.", "Q1189006": "Dennis Matthew Budimir (born June 20, 1938) is an American jazz and rock guitarist.\n\n", "Q147778": "Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage. This damage is characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue by scar tissue. Typically, the disease develops slowly over months or years. Early on, there are often no symptoms. As the disease worsens, a person may become tired, weak, itchy, have swelling in the lower legs, develop yellow skin, bruise easily, have fluid buildup in the abdomen, or develop spider-like blood vessels on the skin. The fluid build-up in the abdomen may become spontaneously infected. Other serious complications include hepatic encephalopathy, bleeding from dilated veins in the esophagus or dilated stomach veins, and liver cancer. Hepatic encephalopathy results in confusion and may lead to unconsciousness.Cirrhosis is most commonly caused by alcohol, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Typically, more than two or three alcoholic drinks per day over a number of years is required for alcoholic cirrhosis to occur. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has a number of causes, including being overweight, diabetes, high blood fats, and high blood pressure. A number of less common causes of cirrhosis include autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, hemochromatosis, certain medications, and gallstones. Diagnosis is based on blood testing, medical imaging, and liver biopsy.Some causes of cirrhosis, such as hepatitis B, can be prevented by vaccination. Treatment partly depends on the underlying cause, but the goal is often to prevent worsening and complications. Avoiding alcohol is recommended in all cases of cirrhosis. Hepatitis B and C may be treatable with antiviral medications. Autoimmune hepatitis may be treated with steroid medications. Ursodiol may be useful if the disease is due to blockage of the bile ducts. Other medications may be useful for complications such as abdominal or leg swelling, hepatic encephalopathy, and dilated esophageal veins. In severe cirrhosis, a liver transplant may be an option.Cirrhosis affected about 2.8 million people and resulted in 1.3 million deaths in 2015. Of these deaths, alcohol caused 348,000, hepatitis C caused 326,000, and hepatitis B caused 371,000. In the United States, more men die of cirrhosis than women. The first known description of the condition is by Hippocrates in the 5th century BCE. The term cirrhosis was invented in 1819, from a Greek word for the yellowish color of a diseased liver.", "Q618755": "1 Litre no Namida (1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u6d99, lit. \"1 Litre of Tears\"; also called A Diary with Tears or A Diary of Tears) is a 2005 Japanese television drama for Fuji Television, based on a true story of a 15-year-old girl named Aya Kit\u014d, who suffered from degenerative disease and died at the age of 25.\nThe script is based on Aya's diary that she kept writing until she could no longer hold a pen. The diary is later entitled, One Litre of Tears, which has sold over 1.1 million copies in Japan.", "Q177650": "Caleb Cushing (January 17, 1800 \u2013 January 2, 1879) was an American Democratic politician and diplomat who served as a Congressman from Massachusetts and Attorney General under President Franklin Pierce. He was an eager proponent of territorial and commercial expansion, especially regarding the acquisition of Texas, Oregon and Cuba. He believed that enlarging the American sphere would fulfill \"the great destiny reserved for this exemplar American Republic.\" Cushing secured the first American treaty with China, the Treaty of Wangxia of 1844; it gave American merchants trading rights in five Chinese ports. After the Civil War, Cushing negotiated a treaty with Colombia to give the United States a right-of-way for a trans-oceanic Canal. He helped obtain a favorable settlement of the Alabama Claims, and as the ambassador to Spain in 1870s diffused the troublesome Virginius Affair.", "Q131605": "Merano (UK: , US: , Italian: [me\u02c8ra\u02d0no] (listen)) or Meran (German: [me\u02c8ra\u02d0n]) is a city and comune in South Tyrol, northern Italy. Generally best known for its spa resorts, it is located within a basin, surrounded by mountains standing up to 3,335 metres (10,942 feet) above sea level, at the entrance to the Passeier Valley and the Vinschgau.\nIn the past, the city has been a popular place of residence for several scientists, literary people, and artists, including Franz Kafka, Ezra Pound, Paul Lazarsfeld, and also Empress Elisabeth of Austria, who appreciated its mild climate.", "Q275799": "June Travis (August 7, 1914 \u2013 April 14, 2008) was an American film actress.", "Q167443": "Milan Nedi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d \u041d\u0435\u0434\u0438\u045b; 2 September 1878 \u2013 4 February 1946) was a Serbian Army general (Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and politician who served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Royal Yugoslav Army, Minister of War in the Royal Yugoslav Government. During World War II, he collaborated with the Germans and served as the Prime Minister of a puppet government, Government of National Salvation, in the German occupied territory of Serbia.\nAfter the war, the Yugoslav communist authorities imprisoned him. In 1946, they reported that he had committed suicide by jumping out of a window.", "Q3559332": "Vim Kochhar (born September 21, 1935) is a Canadian businessman and former Senator, the first person of Indo-Canadian heritage appointed to the Senate of Canada on January 29, 2010. Vim Kochhar obtained an engineering degree from the University of Texas and came to Canada in 1967. He acquired Canadian citizenship in 1974. He retired from the Senate on September 21, 2011, upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 75.", "Q98479": "Otto Friedrich Wilhelm Stapel (27 October 1882 \u2013 01 June 1954), was a German Protestant and nationalist essayist. He had been the editor of the influential antisemitic monthly magazine Deutsches Volkstum from 1919 until its shutdown by the Nazis in 1938.\nWhile holding cultural anti-semitic thesis that diverged from the racialist Nazi doctrines, and advocating for less harmful measures to be taken against Jews, Stapel nonetheless collaborated with many Nazi institutions and official figures. He spoke vehemently against the anti-Nazi Confessing Church of Martin Niem\u00f6ller and Karl Barth, and defended the policy of Reich Bishop Ludwig M\u00fcller. At the same time Stapel was committed to the policy of Reichsminister of Church Affairs (Reichskirchenminister) Hanns Kerrl, to whom he served as an advisor. \nAfter 1945, Stapel despised the new German Federal Republic and, in 1949, called for a boycott of the Bundestag elections. He died in Hamburg in 1954 at the age of 71, largely unnoticed from the public.", "Q8159": "Paul Bocuse (pronounced [p\u0254l bokyz]; 11 February 1926 \u2013 20 January 2018) was a French chef based in Lyon who was known for the high quality of his restaurants and his innovative approaches to cuisine.\nA student of Eug\u00e9nie Brazier, he was one of the most prominent chefs associated with the nouvelle cuisine, which is less opulent and calorific than the traditional cuisine classique, and stresses the importance of fresh ingredients of the highest quality. Paul Bocuse claimed that Henri Gault first used the term, nouvelle cuisine, to describe food prepared by Bocuse and other top chefs for the maiden flight of the Concorde airliner in 1969.", "Q239587": "Aimee Mann (born September 8, 1960) is an American singer-songwriter. Mann began her career in the 1980s as the bassist and a vocalist for 'Til Tuesday, and wrote their top-ten single \"Voices Carry\". She released her debut solo album, Whatever, in 1993, and has released many albums since. In 1999, Mann recorded songs for the soundtrack to the Paul Thomas Anderson film Magnolia, which earned Academy Award and Grammy Award nominations for the song \"Save Me\". She has won two Grammy Awards and was named one of the world's ten greatest living songwriters by NPR in 2006.", "Q227961": "Pope John IX (Latin: Ioannes IX; died January 900) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from January 898 to his death.", "Q61962": "Stanislaus Hosius (Polish: Stanis\u0142aw Hozjusz; 5 May 1504 \u2013 5 August 1579) was a Polish Roman Catholic cardinal. From 1551 he was the Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Warmia in Royal Prussia and from 1558 he served as the papal legate to the Holy Roman Emperor's Imperial Court in Vienna, Austria. From 1566 he was also the papal legate to Poland.\nHe is designated a Servant of God.", "Q655866": "The Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg (German: Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg, short OvGU) was founded in 1993 and is one of the youngest universities in Germany. The university in Magdeburg has about 14,000 students in nine faculties. There are 11,700 papers published in international journals from this institute.It is named after the physicist (and mayor of Magdeburg) Otto von Guericke, famous for his experiments with the Magdeburg hemispheres.\nThe former Technical University Magdeburg (Technische Hochschule Magdeburg), a teacher training college and a medical school were absorbed into the university when it was created. The university now composes nine faculties.", "Q92632": "John Cocke (May 30, 1925 \u2013 July 16, 2002) was an American computer scientist recognized for his large contribution to computer architecture and optimizing compiler design. He is considered by many to be \"the father of RISC architecture.\"He attended Duke University, where he received his Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1946 and his Ph.D. in Mathematics in 1956. Cocke spent his entire career as an industrial researcher for IBM, from 1956 to 1992.\nPerhaps the project where his innovations were most noted was in the IBM 801 minicomputer, where his realization that matching the design of the architecture's instruction set to the relatively simple instructions actually emitted by compilers could allow high performance at a low cost.\nHe is one of the inventors of the CYK algorithm (C for Cocke). He was also involved in the pioneering speech recognition and machine translation work at IBM in the 1970s and 1980s, and is credited by Frederick Jelinek with originating the idea of using a trigram language model for speech recognition.Cocke was appointed IBM Fellow in 1972. He won the Eckert-Mauchly Award in 1985, ACM Turing Award in 1987, the National Medal of Technology in 1991 and the National Medal of Science in 1994, IEEE John von Neumann Medal in 1984, The Franklin Institute's Certificate of Merit in 1996, the Seymour Cray Computer Engineering Award in 1999, and The Benjamin Franklin Medal in 2000.\nIn 2002, he was made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum \"for his development and implementation of reduced instruction set computer architecture and program optimization technology.\"He was born in Charlotte, North Carolina and died in Valhalla, New York.", "Q104866": "Rudolf Biebrach (24 November 1866 \u2013 5 September 1938) was a German actor and film director. He directed over 70 films between 1909 and 1930; and he appeared as an actor in nearly 110 films between 1909 and 1938. In his youth, Biebrach had worked for some years as an engraver. He got his first engagement as an actor in Gie\u00dfen during 1890/1891. After a long career as a stage actor, Biebrach managed to become a successful director and character actor in the German film during the 1910s. He directed many films with Henny Porten and Lotte Neumann.", "Q173436": "In visual arts, music, and other mediums, minimalism is an art movement that began in post\u2013World War II Western art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Prominent artists associated with minimalism include Donald Judd, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Robert Morris, Anne Truitt, and Frank Stella. The movement is often interpreted as a reaction against abstract expressionism and modernism; it anticipated contemporary postminimal art practices, which extend or reflect on minimalism's original objectives.\nMinimalism in music often features repetition and gradual variation, such as the works of La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass, Julius Eastman, and John Adams. The term minimalist often colloquially refers to anything that is spare or stripped to its essentials. It has accordingly been used to describe the plays and novels of Samuel Beckett, the films of Robert Bresson, the stories of Raymond Carver, and the automobile designs of Colin Chapman.", "Q210115": "Freethought (or free thought) is an epistemological viewpoint which holds that positions regarding truth should be formed only on the basis of logic, reason, and empiricism, rather than authority, tradition, revelation, or dogma. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, a freethinker is \"a person who forms their own ideas and opinions rather than accepting those of other people, especially in religious teaching.\" In some contemporary thought in particular, freethought is strongly tied with rejection of traditional social or religious belief systems. The cognitive application of freethought is known as \"freethinking\", and practitioners of freethought are known as \"freethinkers\". Modern freethinkers consider freethought as a natural freedom from all negative and illusive thoughts acquired from the society.The term first came into use in the 17th century in order to indicate people who inquired into the basis of traditional religious beliefs. In practice, freethinking is most closely linked with secularism, atheism, agnosticism, anti-clericalism, and religious critique. The Oxford English Dictionary defines freethinking as, \"The free exercise of reason in matters of religious belief, unrestrained by deference to authority; the adoption of the principles of a free-thinker.\" Freethinkers hold that knowledge should be grounded in facts, scientific inquiry, and logic. The skeptical application of science implies freedom from the intellectually limiting effects of confirmation bias, cognitive bias, conventional wisdom, popular culture, prejudice, or sectarianism.\n\n", "Q817902": "Bennington College is a private liberal arts college in Bennington, Vermont, founded in 1932. Originally a women's college, it became co-educational in 1969. It was the first college to include visual and performing arts as an equal partner in the liberal arts curriculum. It is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.\n\n", "Q2177111": "Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (formerly known as Russian State Medical University or RSMU) is a medical education institute in Moscow, Russia founded in 1906. It is fully accredited and recognized by Russia's Ministry of Education and Science and is currently under the authority of the Ministry of Health and Social Development.Named after Russian surgeon and pedagogue N.I. Pirogov (1810-1888), it is one of the largest medical institutions and the first university in Russia to allow women to acquire degrees.\nIt is especially notable in comparison to Moscow's other two premier medical universities in that it focuses on gearing students for careers in medical and scientific research, rather than medical practice.", "Q432689": "Imani Francesca Coppola (born April 6, 1978) is an American singer-songwriter and violinist. Her debut single \"Legend of a Cowgirl\" reached the top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart in 1997. Her debut album, Chupacabra, released by Columbia Records, was praised by critics and appeared on the US Heatseekers Albums chart. In 2001, Coppola appeared as a guest artist on the Baha Men single \"You All Dat\", which broke the top 10 in Australia and gave Coppola her second entry on the Billboard Hot 100 to date.\nCoppola released several independently-recorded albums in the early 2000s as well as starring in the musical film The Singing Biologist, where she wrote the music for the movie. In 2007, she was signed to Ipecac Records, and the same year released The Black & White Album. The album was met with favorable reviews from music critics and marked a comeback for Coppola. The following year, she formed the pop/R&B duo Little Jackie with programmer Adam Pallin. Their debut single, \"The World Should Revolve Around Me\", reached the top 40 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The song was used as the theme for the VH1 reality TV series New York Goes to Hollywood, and peaked at number 90 on the Billboard Pop 100 airplay chart. The duo's debut album, The Stoop, was released by S-Curve in 2008, though it peaked outside of the top 100 in the United Kingdom, and the duo were dropped from the label. Following The Stoop, Coppola released two more solo records: The Glass Wall, in 2012, and Hypocrites, in 2017. In addition to her solo work, Coppola has recorded two further albums as part of Little Jackie: Made4TV, in 2011, and Queen of Prospect Park, in 2014.", "Q675208": "Ferret Music was an American independent record label turned Warner Music Group subsidiary, founded in 1996. The label is owned by NORA's vocalist, Carl Severson, and based in West Windsor Township, New Jersey. Ferret recently started an imprint called New Weathermen Records. Warner Music Group's Alternative Distribution Alliance acquired a stake in Ferret Music in August, 2006,\nand as a result is currently distributed by Fontana Distribution, Alternative Distribution Alliance and eOne Music.\nAs of September 12, 2007, Ferret partnered with an uprising extreme metal and hardcore punk label out of the UK, Siege of Amida Records (S.O.A.R.). S.O.A.R will retain A&R responsibilities. In February 18, 2010 Carl Severson and his business partner at Ferret and ChannelZERO, Paul Conroy, announced their departure from the company to start Good Fight Entertainment, a management company with music and sports divisions along with a new record label. Ferret's official website was last updated in 2009, adding to speculation that the label is defunct. According to Scott Mellinger, lead guitarist for Zao, Ferret Records sold to Warner Music while Severson went on to start Good Fight.", "Q313408": "Alexander James McLean (born January 9, 1978) is an American singer, songwriter, actor, dancer, and model. He is a member of the vocal group the Backstreet Boys. McLean is also a contributor for the It Gets Better Project.", "Q59543": "Son of the Bride (Spanish: El hijo de la novia) is a 2001 Argentine comedy drama film directed by Juan Jos\u00e9 Campanella and written by Campanella and Fernando Castets. The executive producers were Juan Vera and Juan Pablo Galli, and it was produced by Adri\u00e1n Suar. It stars Ricardo Dar\u00edn, H\u00e9ctor Alterio, Norma Aleandro, Eduardo Blanco and Natalia Verbeke.The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and won the Silver Condor for Best Film.", "Q200460": "Jayne Meadows (born Jane Cotter; September 27, 1919 \u2013 April 26, 2015), also known as Jayne Meadows-Allen, was an American stage, film and television actress, as well as an author and lecturer. She was nominated for three Emmy Awards during her career and was the elder sister of actress and memoirist Audrey Meadows.", "Q462900": "Alfred Yi Cho (Chinese: \u5353\u4ee5\u548c; pinyin: Zhu\u00f3 Y\u01d0h\u00e9; born July 10, 1937) is the Adjunct Vice President of Semiconductor Research at Alcatel-Lucent's Bell Labs. He is known as the \"father of molecular beam epitaxy\"; a technique he developed at that facility in the late 1960s. He is also the co-inventor, with Federico Capasso of quantum cascade lasers at Bell Labs in 1994.\n\n", "Q895915": "Palagummi Sainath (born 1957) is an Indian journalist who focuses on social & economic inequality, rural affairs, poverty and the aftermath of globalization in India. He is the founder editor of the People's Archive of Rural India and a senior fellow for Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research. He was the Rural Affairs Editor at The Hindu before resigning in 2014,. The website India Together has been archiving some of his work in The Hindu daily for the past six years. Since late 2011, he has been working on People's Archive of Rural India, PARI, of which he is the Founder Editor.\nAmartya Sen has called him \"one of the world's great experts on famine and hunger\".In June 2011, Sainath was conferred an Honorary Doctor of Letters degree (DLitt) by the University of Alberta, the university's highest honor. He is one of few Indians to receive the Ramon Magsaysay Award, which he accepted in 2007 in the category of Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts.", "Q153080": "East Francia (Latin: Francia orientalis) or the Kingdom of the East Franks (regnum Francorum orientalium) was a precursor of the Holy Roman Empire. A successor state of Charlemagne's empire, it was ruled by the Carolingian dynasty until 911. It was created through the Treaty of Verdun (843) which divided the former empire into three kingdoms.The east\u2013west division, enforced by the German-Latin language split, \"gradually hardened into the establishment of separate kingdoms\", with East Francia becoming the Kingdom of Germany and West Francia the Kingdom of France.", "Q188684": "Edmund Ironside (c. 990 \u2013 30 November 1016; Old English: \u0112admund Isernside, Latin: Edmundus; sometimes also known as Edmund II) was King of England from 23 April to 30 November 1016. He was the son of King \u00c6thelred the Unready and his first wife, \u00c6lfgifu of York. Edmund's reign was marred by a war he had inherited from his father; his cognomen \"Ironside\" was given to him \"because of his valour\" in resisting the Danish invasion led by Cnut the Great.Edmund was not expected to be King of England; however, by June 1014 two elder brothers had died, making him heir apparent. England was conquered by Sweyn Forkbeard at the end of the same year, but he died shortly thereafter, paving the way for \u00c6thelred to return to the throne, which he did, but not without opposition. Sweyn's son, Cnut, was defeated and returned to Denmark, where he assembled an invasion force to re-conquer England. It would not arrive for another year.\nAfter regaining the throne, the royal family set about strengthening its hold on the country with the assistance of Eadric Streona (Edmund's brother in law). People who had sided with the Danes in 1014 were punished, and some were killed. In one case, two brothers, Morcar and Sigeferth, were killed and their possessions, along with Sigferth's wife, were taken by \u00c6thelred. Sigeferth's widow was imprisoned within a monastery. But she had already captured Edmund's attention.\nCnut returned to England in August 1015. Over the next few months, Cnut pillaged most of England. Edmund joined \u00c6thelred to defend London, but in 1016 Edmund unofficially named himself the Earl of the East Midlands and raised a revolt against his father. Without the king's permission he took Ealdgyth from the monastery, and married her; it would have been a politically advantageous marriage, since she was a member of one of the strongest families in the Midlands.\n\u00c6thelred died on 23 April 1016, making Edmund king. It was not until the summer of 1016 that any serious fighting was done: Edmund fought five battles against the Danes, ending in his defeat on 18 October at the Battle of Assandun, after which they agreed to divide the kingdom, Edmund taking Wessex and Cnut the rest of the country. Edmund died shortly afterwards on 30 November, leaving two sons, Edward and Edmund; however, Cnut became the king of all England, and exiled the remaining members of Edmund's family.", "Q49750": "The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (German: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands, SED), often known in English as the East German Communist Party, was the governing Marxist\u2013Leninist political party of the German Democratic Republic (GDR; East Germany) from the country's foundation in October 1949 until its dissolution after the Peaceful Revolution in 1989. The party was established in April 1946.\nThe GDR was a one-party state but other institutional popular front parties were permitted to exist in alliance with the SED, these parties being the Christian Democratic Union, the Liberal Democratic Party, the Democratic Farmers' Party, and the National Democratic Party. The SED made the teaching of Marxism-Leninism and the Russian language compulsory in schools. In the 1980s, the SED rejected the liberalisation policies of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, such as perestroika and glasnost, which would lead to the GDR's isolation from the restructuring USSR and the party's downfall in the autumn of 1989.\nWalter Ulbricht was the party's dominant figure and effective leader of East Germany from 1950 to 1971. In 1953, an uprising against the Party was met with violent suppression by the Ministry of State Security and the Soviet Army. In 1971, Ulbricht was succeeded by Erich Honecker who presided over a stable period in the development of the GDR until he was forced to step down during the 1989 revolution. The party's last leader, Egon Krenz, was unsuccessful in his attempt to retain the SED's hold on political governance of the GDR and was imprisoned after German reunification.\nThe SED's long-suppressed reform wing took over the party in the autumn of 1989. In hopes of changing its image, on 16 December it renamed itself the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), abandoning Marxism\u2013Leninism and declaring itself a democratic socialist party. It received 16.4% of the vote in the 1990 parliamentary elections. In 2007, the PDS merged with Labour and Social Justice (WASG) into The Left (Die Linke), the fifth largest party in the German parliament following the 2017 federal election.", "Q445367": "Hal Harry Magee Sparks III (born September 25, 1969) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, musician, political commentator, television and radio host, and television personality. He is known for his contributions to VH1, hosting E!'s Talk Soup, and the role of Michael Novotny on the American television series Queer as Folk, Donald Davenport in Lab Rats and as the voice of Tak in Tak and the Power of Juju television series and video games.", "Q3376834": "Peter Redpath (August 1, 1821 \u2013 February 1, 1894) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist, closely associated with Redpath Sugar.", "Q36184": "Abraham \"Bram\" Stoker (8 November 1847 \u2013 20 April 1912) was an Irish author, best known today for his 1897 Gothic horror novel Dracula. During his lifetime, he was better known as the personal assistant of actor Sir Henry Irving and business manager of the Lyceum Theatre, which Irving owned.", "Q5687778": "Mar\u00eda Albertina Prudencia Ram\u00edrez Mart\u00ednez (28 April 1898 \u2013 20 July 1979) was a Nicaraguan Roman Catholic mystic and religious leader who founded the Missionary Servants of Christ the King, Religiosos Albertinianos, and the Servants of Jesus Christ, King of the Universe.\n\n", "Q83059": "Saul Bellow (born Solomon Bellows; 10 June 1915 \u2013 5 April 2005) was a Canadian-American writer. For his literary work, Bellow was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, the Nobel Prize for Literature, and the National Medal of Arts. He is the only writer to win the National Book Award for Fiction three times and he received the National Book Foundation's lifetime Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters in 1990.In the words of the Swedish Nobel Committee, his writing exhibited \"the mixture of rich picaresque novel and subtle analysis of our culture, of entertaining adventure, drastic and tragic episodes in quick succession interspersed with philosophic conversation, all developed by a commentator with a witty tongue and penetrating insight into the outer and inner complications that drive us to act, or prevent us from acting, and that can be called the dilemma of our age.\" His best-known works include The Adventures of Augie March, Henderson the Rain King, Herzog, Mr. Sammler's Planet, Seize the Day, Humboldt's Gift and Ravelstein. Bellow was widely regarded as one of the 20th century's greatest authors.Bellow said that of all his characters, Eugene Henderson, of Henderson the Rain King, was the one most like himself. Bellow grew up as an immigrant from Quebec. As Christopher Hitchens describes it, Bellow's fiction and principal characters reflect his own yearning for transcendence, a battle \"to overcome not just ghetto conditions but also ghetto psychoses.\" Bellow's protagonists, in one shape or another, all wrestle with what Albert Corde, the dean in The Dean's December, called \"the big-scale insanities of the 20th century.\" This transcendence of the \"unutterably dismal\" (a phrase from Dangling Man) is achieved, if it can be achieved at all, through a \"ferocious assimilation of learning\" (Hitchens) and an emphasis on nobility.", "Q219131": "Alvaro Vitali (Italian pronunciation: [al\u02c8va\u02d0ro vi\u02c8ta\u02d0li]; born 3 February 1950) is an Italian actor.\nHe was an electrician until he was discovered by Federico Fellini and played a small part in Satyricon (1969), it led to other roles, notably in the movie Amarcord (1973), becoming the only actor in the world who participated in four Fellini films.\nIn the 1970s, Vitali became one of the most charismatic actors in the commedia erotica all'italiana (erotic comedy) genre. He was very popular in Spain as well. He recently worked for the satirical TV show Striscia la notizia in a parody of Ferrari manager Jean Todt.", "Q124208": "Friedrich Ludwig von Keller (born Z\u00fcrich, 17 October 1799; died Berlin, 11 September 1860) was a Swiss-German jurist.", "Q49988": "Nobuhide Minorikawa (\u5fa1\u6cd5\u5ddd \u4fe1\u82f1, Minorikawa Nobuhide, born May 25, 1964) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of \u014cmagari, Akita, he attended Keio University and received a master's degree from the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University in the United States. He was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 2003 as an independent and joined the LDP in the following year.", "Q1601940": "Helene Bechstein n\u00e9e Capito (26 May 1876 \u2013 20 April 1951) was a German socialite and businesswoman. She was an etiquette tutor for Adolf Hitler and was the wife of Edwin Bechstein, the owner and later majority shareholder of C. Bechstein, a leading manufacturer of pianos.\n\n", "Q1304365": "Vyshonne King Miller (born June 18, 1973), better known by his stage name Silkk the Shocker, is an American rapper and actor. He originally went under the stage name Silkk, but later adopted Silkk the Shocker after the release of his first album. He has now signed partnership with his brother Master P and his nephew Romeo label No Limit Forever.", "Q1434957": "Louis Sharpe (born August 25, 1966), better known by his stage names K7 or Kayel, is an American musician and pop-oriented hip-hop emcee.\nK7 is the frontman of the Latin freestyle group TKA. He is signed to Tommy Boy Records.\nIn 1993, K7 released the album, Swing Batta Swing, which featured three singles that reached pop radio: \"Zunga Zeng,\" (produced by Frankie Cutlass) \"Hi-De-Ho\" (also notably on The Mask film soundtrack), and K7's biggest hit, \"Come Baby Come\", which reached No. 18 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart.K7 worked on the air on New York City's radio stations Hot 97 and WKTU.\nK7 released another album in 2002 called Love, Sex, Money.\nK7, along with the other members of TKA, still tours and performs in nightclubs around the U.S.\nK7s most recent album, The King's Agenda, was released in March 2009 and is available on iTunes.", "Q1155838": "A correspondent or on-the-scene reporter is usually a journalist or commentator for a magazine, or an agent who contributes reports to a newspaper, or radio or television news, or another type of company, from a remote, often distant, location. A foreign correspondent is stationed in a foreign country. The term \"correspondent\" refers to the original practice of filing news reports via postal letter. The largest networks of correspondents belong to ARD (Germany) and BBC (UK).", "Q339593": "Richard Long (December 17, 1927 \u2013 December 21, 1974) was an American actor best known for his leading roles in three ABC television series, including The Big Valley, Nanny and the Professor, and Bourbon Street Beat. He was also a series regular on ABC's 77 Sunset Strip during the 1961\u20131962 season.", "Q212064": "Channing Matthew Tatum (born April 26, 1980) is an American actor, producer, and dancer. Tatum made his film debut in the drama film Coach Carter (2005). His breakthrough role was in the 2006 dance film Step Up, which introduced him to a wider audience.\nTatum is known for his leading role in Magic Mike (2012), and its sequel, Magic Mike XXL (2015) which he produced; he also starred in the action-comedy film 21 Jump Street and its 2014 sequel, 22 Jump Street. He has also, appeared as the character Duke in the 2009 action film G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra and its 2013 sequel G.I. Joe: Retaliation. He appeared in romantic films such as Dear John (2010) and The Vow (2012). His other films include She's the Man (2006), The Dilemma (2011), White House Down (2013), the drama Foxcatcher (2014), The Hateful Eight (2015), Hail, Caesar! (2016), and Logan Lucky (2017).", "Q451312": "Umberto Saba (9 March 1883 \u2013 26 August 1957) was an Italian poet and novelist, born Umberto Poli in the cosmopolitan Mediterranean port of Trieste when it was the fourth largest city of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Poli assumed the nom de plume \"Saba\" in 1910, and his name was officially changed to Umberto Saba in 1928. From 1919 he was the proprietor of an antiquarian bookshop in Trieste. He suffered from depression for all of his adult life.", "Q44274": "J\u00f6rg Haider (German: [\u02c8j\u0153\u0281k \u02c8ha\u026ad\u0250] (listen); 26 January 1950 \u2013 11 October 2008) was an Austrian politician. He was Governor of Carinthia on two occasions, the long-time leader of the Freedom Party of Austria (FP\u00d6) and later Chairman of the Alliance for the Future of Austria (B\u00fcndnis Zukunft \u00d6sterreich, BZ\u00d6), a breakaway party from the FP\u00d6.Haider was a controversial figure within Austria and abroad. Several countries imposed mild diplomatic sanctions against his party's participation in government alongside Wolfgang Sch\u00fcssel's Austrian People's Party (\u00d6VP), starting from 2000.\nHaider died in a car accident shortly after leading the BZ\u00d6 in the 2008 Austrian Parliamentary elections.", "Q262583": "The Furgghorn (German, Italian: Cima del Breuil) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the boundary between the canton of Valais (Switzerland) and Aosta Valley (northern Italy). It lies on the range south-east of the Matterhorn, near the Theodul Pass. The closest locality is Breuil-Cervinia on the Italian side. The closest locality on the Swiss side is Zermatt.", "Q329958": "Tommy O'Haver (born October 24, 1968, Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American film director and screenwriter.\nHe grew up in Carmel, Indiana, a suburb of Indianapolis. He graduated from Carmel High School and matriculated at Indiana University with a joint degree in Journalism and Comparative Literature. In the mid-1990s, he attended the MFA Film program at the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts. While there, he directed shorts that appeared at major festivals, including Sundance and The New York Film Festival.Billy's Hollywood Screen Kiss, featuring Sean Hayes, was O'Haver's directorial debut. Billy's Hollywood Screen Kiss played in competition at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival and screened at the Helsinki International Film Festival. His follow-up film Get Over It featured Kirsten Dunst, Ben Foster, Mila Kunis and Zoe Saldana in a teen comedy about a school theater production. O'Haver's third film, Ella Enchanted, starred Anne Hathaway. Catherine Keener, Ellen Page and James Franco star in An American Crime, which premiered at Sundance in 2007, a film based on a true story of Gertrude Baniszewski, an Indiana woman charged in 1965 with the murder of Sylvia Likens. The initial reaction at Sundance was mixed, but the film garnered critical praise. O'Haver and his writing partner, Irene Turner, were nominated for a Writer's Guild Award for the film as well.In June 2013, he directed the music video \"Rollin'\" for MiBBs. On April 2, 2015, the seventh episode of The Late Late Show with James Corden was broadcast from O'Haver's house.In 2017, O'Haver's fifth film, The Most Hated Woman in America, was released; it starred Melissa Leo as Madalyn Murray O'Hair, the founder of American Atheists.", "Q89212": "Leonhard Ennen, also spelled Leonard Ennen, (5 March 1820 \u2013 14 June 1880) was a German theologian, historian and archivist born in Schleiden, in the Eifel region of modern-day Germany. He is remembered for his writings on the history of Cologne.", "Q242653": "Joy Lauren (born c.\u20091989) is an American actress. She is known for playing Danielle Van de Kamp on the ABC comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives.", "Q96332": "Brigitte Blobel (born 21 November 1942) is a German novel writer and screenplay writer from Hamburg. A prolific writer of German books, she is known for writing the Neues vom S\u00fcderhof books, on which the TV show was based.", "Q170895": "The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (Romanian: Republica Sovietic\u0103 Socialist\u0103 Moldoveneasc\u0103; \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u044d \u0421\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044d \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0441\u043a\u044d) was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1940 to 1991. The republic was formed on 2 August 1940 from parts of Bessarabia, a region annexed from Romania on 28 June of that year, and parts of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, an autonomous Soviet republic within the Ukrainian SSR.\nAfter the Declaration of Sovereignty on 23 June 1990, and until 23 May 1991, it was officially known as the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova. From 23 May 1991 until the declaration of independence on 27 August 1991, it was renamed the Republic of Moldova while remaining a constituent republic of the USSR. Its independence was recognized on 26 December of that year when the USSR dissolved.\nGeographically, the Moldavian SSR was bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south.", "Q161740": "Pope Gregory X (Latin: Gregorius X; c.\u20091210 \u2013 10 January 1276), born Teobaldo Visconti, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1 September 1271 to his death and was a member of the Secular Franciscan Order. He was elected at the conclusion of a papal election that ran from 1268 to 1271, the longest papal election in the history of the Catholic Church.\nHe convened the Second Council of Lyon and also made new regulations in regards to papal conclaves. Though briefly annulled by Adrian V and John XXI, these regulations remained in force until the 20th century, when they were altered by Paul VI. Pope Clement XI beatified him in 1713 after the confirmation of his cultus.", "Q54073": "Middlesex County is a county in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in the United States. As of 2019, the estimated population was 1,611,699, making it the 22nd most populous county in the United States, and the most populous county in both Massachusetts and New England. Middlesex County is one of two U.S. counties (along with Santa Clara County, CA) to be amongst the top 25 counties with the highest household income and the 25 most populated counties. As part of the 2010 national census, the Commonwealth's mean center of population for that year was geo-centered in Middlesex County, in the town of Natick at (42.272291\u00b0N 71.363370\u00b0W\ufeff / 42.272291; -71.363370). (This is not to be confused with the geographic center of Massachusetts, which is in Rutland, in neighboring Worcester County.) Middlesex County is included in the Census Bureau's Boston\u2013Cambridge\u2013Newton, MA\u2013NH Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nOn July 11, 1997, the Massachusetts legislature voted to abolish the executive government of Middlesex County due primarily to the county's insolvency. Though Middlesex County continues to exist as a geographic boundary it is used primarily as district jurisdictions within the court system and for other administrative purposes, such as an indicator for elections. The National Weather Service weather alerts (such as severe thunderstorm warning) continue issuances based upon Massachusetts's counties.", "Q694790": "Alexander Joseph Luthor () is a fictional supervillain appearing in publications by the publisher DC Comics. The character was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. Lex Luthor originally appeared in Action Comics No. 23 (cover dated: April 1940).1 He has since endured as an archenemy of Superman.Originally introduced as a mad scientist whose schemes Superman would routinely foil, Lex's portrayal has evolved over the years and his characterisation has deepened. In contemporary stories, Lex is portrayed as a wealthy, power-mad American business magnate, ingenious engineer, philanthropist to the city of Metropolis, and one of the most intelligent people in the world. A well-known public figure, he is the owner of a conglomerate called LexCorp. He is intent on ridding the world of the alien Superman, whom Lex Luthor views as an obstacle to his plans and as a threat to the very existence of humanity. Given his high status as a supervillain, however, he has often come into conflict with Batman and other superheroes in the DC Universe.The character has traditionally lacked superpowers or a dual identity and typically appears with a bald head. He periodically wears his Warsuit, a high-tech battle suit giving him enhanced strength, flight, advanced weaponry, and other capabilities. The character was originally introduced as a diabolical recluse, but during the Modern Age, he was reimagined by writers as a devious, high-profile industrialist, who has crafted his public persona to avoid suspicion and arrest. He is well known for his philanthropy, donating vast sums of money to Metropolis over the years, funding parks, foundations, and charities.The character was ranked 4th on IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time and as the 8th Greatest Villain by Wizard on its 100 Greatest Villains of All Time list. Luthor is one of a few genre-crossing villains whose adventures take place \"in a world in which the ordinary laws of nature are slightly suspended\". Scott James Wells, Sherman Howard, John Shea, Michael Rosenbaum, and Jon Cryer have portrayed the character in television series, while Lyle Talbot, Gene Hackman, Kevin Spacey, and Jesse Eisenberg have portrayed the character in films. Jackson Beck, Ray Owens, G. Stanley Jones, Michael Bell, Brian Dobson, Clancy Brown, J. S. Gilbert, Kevin Spacey, Powers Boothe, James Marsters, Chris Noth, Anthony LaPaglia, Steve Blum, Fred Tatasciore, Jason Isaacs, Kevin Michael Richardson, Mark Rolston, John DiMaggio, Keith Silverstein, James Woods, Rainn Wilson, Ike Barinholtz, Giancarlo Esposito and others have provided the character's voice in animated adaptations.\n\n", "Q137506": "Leo (F.) Reisman (October 11, 1897 \u2013 December 18, 1961) was an American violinist and bandleader in the 1920s and 1930s. Born and reared in Boston, he was of Jewish ancestry; from German immigrants who immigrated to the United States in the 19th century. Inspired by the Russian-American violinist Jascha Heifetz, Reisman studied violin as a young man. After being rejected by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, he formed his own band in 1919. He became famous for having over 80 hits on the popular charts during his career. Jerome Kern called Reisman's orchestra \"The String Quartet of Dance Bands\".", "Q171553": "Mark Blundell (born 8 April 1966) is a British racing driver who competed in Formula One for four seasons, sports cars, and CART. He won the 1992 24 Hours of Le Mans. He was a Formula One presenter for the British broadcaster ITV until the end of the 2008 season when the TV broadcasting rights switched to the BBC. Blundell returned to the track in 2019, driving in the Kwik Fit British Touring Car Championship for the Trade Price Cars team.", "Q35499": "Old Church Slavonic or Old Slavonic (, ), also known as Old Church Slavic, or Old Slavic (), was the first Slavic literary language (autonym \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0463\u0301\u043d\u044c\u0441\u043a\u044a \u0469\ua641\ua651\u0301\u043a\u044a, slov\u011bn\u012dsk\u016d j\u0119zyk\u016d). It is also referred to as Paleo-Slavic (Paleoslavic) or Palaeo-Slavic (Palaeoslavic), not to be confused with Proto-Slavic. It is often abbreviated to OCS.\nHistorians credit the 9th-century Byzantine missionaries Saints Cyril and Methodius with standardizing the language and using it in translating the Bible and other Ancient Greek ecclesiastical texts as part of the Christianization of the Slavs.\nIt is thought to have been based primarily on the dialect of the 9th-century Byzantine Slavs living in the Province of Thessalonica (in present-day Greece).\nOld Church Slavonic played an important role in the history of the Slavic languages and served as a basis and model for later Church Slavonic traditions, and some Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches use this later Church Slavonic as a liturgical language to this day.\nAs the oldest attested Slavic language, OCS provides important evidence for the features of Proto-Slavic, the reconstructed common ancestor of all Slavic languages.", "Q44260": "Jeon Hae-rim (Korean: \uc804\ud574\ub9bc; born 28 June 1978), better known by her stage name Ha Ji-won (Korean: \ud558\uc9c0\uc6d0) is a South Korean actress. She is best known for the historical dramas Damo (2003), Hwang Jini (2006), and Empress Ki (2013), as well as the melodrama Something Happened in Bali (2004), the romantic comedy series Secret Garden (2010), The King 2 Hearts (2012) and the medical drama Hospital Ship (2017).She has starred in several films and television series, and is one of South Korea's most sought after and critically acclaimed actresses, particularly known for her versatility in pulling off roles in various genres such as action, comedy, horror, drama, sports and medical.", "Q81882": "Santos (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u0250\u0303tus] (listen), Saints) is a municipality in the Brazilian state of S\u00e3o Paulo, founded in 1546 by the Portuguese nobleman Br\u00e1s Cubas. It is located mostly on the island of S\u00e3o Vicente, which harbors both the city of Santos and the city of S\u00e3o Vicente, and partially on the mainland. It is the main city in the metropolitan region of Baixada Santista. The population is 433,966 (2015 est.) in an area of 280.67 km2 (108.37 sq mi). The city is also home to the Coffee Museum, where world coffee prices were once negotiated. There is also an association football memorial, dedicated to the city's greatest players, which includes Pel\u00e9, who played for the Santos Futebol Clube. Its beachfront garden, 5,335 m (5,834 yd) in length, figures in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest beachfront garden in the world.\n\n", "Q951957": "Yakov Il'ich Frenkel (Russian: \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0435\u043b\u044c) (10 February 1894 \u2013 23 January 1952) was a Soviet physicist renowned for his works in the field of condensed matter physics. He is also known as Jacov Frenkel, and he frequently put down his name as J. Frenkel when he published his papers in journals in English.\n\n", "Q6244080": "John Aubrey Clarendon Latham, (23 February 1921 \u2013 1 January 2006) was a Northern Rhodesian-born British conceptual artist.", "Q86135": "Johann Koplenig (15 May 1891 \u2013 13 December 1968) was an Austrian politician. He was the chairman of the Communist Party of Austria (KP\u00d6) from 1945 until 1965, and Honorary Chairman of the party from 1965 until his death. In 1945, Koplenig was Vice-Chancellor of Austria in Karl Renner's provisional government.", "Q34787": "Friedrich Engels ( ENG-(g)\u0259lz; German: [\u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0d\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8\u0294\u025b\u014bl\u0329s]; sometimes anglicised Frederick Engels; 28 November 1820 \u2013 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, historian, communist, social scientist, sociologist, journalist and businessman. His father was an owner of large textile factories in Salford, England and in Barmen, Prussia (what is now in Wuppertal, Germany). \nEngels developed what is now known as Marxist theory together with Karl Marx and in 1845 he published The Condition of the Working Class in England, based on personal observations and research in English cities. In 1848, Engels co-authored The Communist Manifesto with Marx and also authored and co-authored (primarily with Marx) many other works. Later, Engels supported Marx financially, allowing him to do research and write Das Kapital. After Marx's death, Engels edited the second and third volumes of Das Kapital. Additionally, Engels organised Marx's notes on the Theories of Surplus Value, which were later published as the \"fourth volume\" of Das Kapital. In 1884, he published The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State on the basis of Marx's ethnographic research.\nEngels died in London on 5 August 1895, at the age of 74 of laryngeal cancer and following cremation his ashes were scattered off Beachy Head, near Eastbourne.", "Q242647": "Genevieve Nicole Cortese, also known as Genevieve Padalecki (born January 8, 1981), is an American actress. She appeared in the television series Wildfire as Kris Furillo and had a recurring role in Supernatural as the demon Ruby.\n\n", "Q781389": "Harry Ford Sinclair (July 6, 1876 in Benwood, West Virginia \u2013 November 10, 1956 in Pasadena, California) was an American industrialist, founder of Sinclair Oil. He was implicated in the 1920s Teapot Dome Scandal, and served six months in prison for jury tampering. Afterwards he returned to his former life and enjoyed its prosperity until his death.\nHe was an avid owner of sports properties, one of the principal financial backers of baseball's Federal League and a force in U.S. thoroughbred racing. Horses from his stable won the Kentucky Derby and three Belmont Stakes.", "Q296370": "David Bowditch Morse (born October 11, 1953) is an American actor, singer, director and writer. He first came to national attention as Dr. Jack \"Boomer\" Morrison in the medical drama series St. Elsewhere (1982\u201388). He continued his film career with roles in The Negotiator, Contact, The Green Mile, Dancer in the Dark, Disturbia, The Long Kiss Goodnight, The Rock and 12 Monkeys.\nIn 2006, Morse had a recurring role as Detective Michael Tritter on the medical drama series House, for which he received an Emmy Award nomination. He portrayed George Washington in the 2008 HBO miniseries John Adams, which garnered him a second Emmy nomination. He has also received acclaim for his portrayal of Uncle Peck on the Off-Broadway play How I Learned to Drive, earning a Drama Desk Award and Obie Award. He has also had success on Broadway, portraying James \"Sharky\" Harkin in The Seafarer. From 2010 to 2013, he portrayed Terry Colson, an honest police officer in a corrupt New Orleans police department, on the HBO series Treme. He also appeared in the WGN America series Outsiders (2016\u201317).", "Q1169": "Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is the second-largest of the Great Lakes by volume (1,180 cu mi (4,900 km3)) and the third-largest by surface area (22,404 sq mi (58,030 km2)), after Lake Superior and Lake Huron (and is slightly smaller than the U.S. state of West Virginia). To the east, its basin is conjoined with that of Lake Huron through the narrow Straits of Mackinac, giving it the same surface elevation as its easterly counterpart; the two are technically a single lake.Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes located entirely within the territory of the United States. It is shared, from west to east, by the U.S. states of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan. Ports along its shores include Chicago; Milwaukee; Green Bay, Wisconsin; Gary, Indiana; and Muskegon, Michigan. The word \"Michigan\" originally referred to the lake itself, and is believed to come from the Ojibwe word michi-gami meaning \"great water\".", "Q15991": "Luc Van den Brande (Mechelen, 13 October 1945) is a Flemish politician, member of the CD&V and was Minister-president of Flanders from 21 January 1992 until 13 July 1999. He took the initiative to create the Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB). On 6 February 2008 he became President of the European Union's Committee of the Regions for a period of two years.", "Q178211": "The Girl Who Had Everything is a 1953 American romantic drama film directed by Richard Thorpe and produced by Armande Deutsch for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The film features William Powell in his last MGM feature and one of his last film roles before retirement.The screenplay was written by Art Cohn, based upon a play by Willard Mack, which in turn was based on the novel A Free Soul by Adela Rogers St. Johns. The play and novel were also inspiration for an earlier film adaptation called A Free Soul (1931).", "Q356140": "Benjamin Earl King (born Benjamin Earl Nelson, September 28, 1938 \u2013 April 30, 2015) was an American soul and R&B singer and record producer. He is best known as the singer and co-composer of \"Stand by Me\" \u2014 a U.S. Top 10 hit, both in 1961 and later in 1986 (when it was used as the theme to the film of the same name), a number one hit in the United Kingdom in 1987, and no. 25 on the RIAA's list of Songs of the Century \u2014 and as one of the principal lead singers of the R&B vocal group The Drifters, notably singing the lead vocals of one of their biggest global hit singles (and only U.S. #1 hit) \"Save the Last Dance for Me\".\n\n", "Q1585352": "Harikesa dasa, formerly known as Harikesa Swami and by the honorific Vishnupad (born Robert Campagnola), was one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and a guru within the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (commonly known as 'the Hare Krishnas' or ISKCON).", "Q9535": "Shah Rukh Khan (born 2 November 1965), also known by the initialism SRK, is an Indian actor, film producer, and television personality. Referred to in the media as the \"Badshah of Bollywood\", \"King of Bollywood\" and \"King Khan\", he has appeared in more than 80 Bollywood films, and earned numerous accolades, including 14 Filmfare Awards. The Government of India has awarded him the Padma Shri, and the Government of France has awarded him the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres and the Legion of Honour. Khan has a significant following in Asia and the Indian diaspora worldwide. In terms of audience size and income, he has been described as one of the most successful film stars in the world.Khan began his career with appearances in several television series in the late 1980s. He made his Bollywood debut in 1992 with Deewana. Early in his career, Khan was recognised for portraying villainous roles in the films Baazigar (1993), Darr (1993), and Anjaam (1994). He then rose to prominence after starring in a series of romantic films, including Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995), Dil To Pagal Hai (1997), Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), Mohabbatein (2000) and Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... (2001). Khan went on to earn critical acclaim for his portrayal of an alcoholic in Devdas (2002), a NASA scientist in Swades (2004), a hockey coach in Chak De! India (2007) and a man with Asperger syndrome in My Name Is Khan (2010). His highest-grossing films include the comedies Chennai Express (2013), Happy New Year (2014), Dilwale (2015), and the crime film Raees (2017). Many of his films display themes of Indian national identity and connections with diaspora communities, or gender, racial, social and religious differences and grievances.\nAs of 2015, Khan is co-chairman of the motion picture production company Red Chillies Entertainment and its subsidiaries, and is the co-owner of the Indian Premier League cricket team Kolkata Knight Riders and the Caribbean Premier League team Trinbago Knight Riders. He is a frequent television presenter and stage show performer. The media often label him as \"Brand SRK\" because of his many endorsement and entrepreneurship ventures. Khan's philanthropic endeavours have provided health care and disaster relief, and he was honoured with UNESCO's Pyramide con Marni award in 2011 for his support of children's education and the World Economic Forum's Crystal Award in 2018 for his leadership in championing women's and children's rights in India. He regularly features in listings of the most influential people in Indian culture, and in 2008, Newsweek named him one of their fifty most powerful people in the world.", "Q295679": "Ruth Carol Hussey (October 30, 1911 \u2013 April 19, 2005) was an American actress best known for her Academy Award-nominated role as photographer Elizabeth Imbrie in The Philadelphia Story.", "Q1280703": "Hubert K\u00e4ppel (born 3 July 1951) is a German classical guitarist.\nHe teaches classical guitar at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik K\u00f6ln in Germany. Guitars International states that \"Hubert Kappel is among the most influential teachers and guitarists of his generation.\"[1] Among his students, the Croatian guitar player Petar \u010culi\u0107.\nHe has performed internationally, both as a solo artist and as part of \"F\u00e9nix - International Guitar Quartet\" (Hubert K\u00e4ppel, Sotiris Malasiotis (Greece), Luciano Marziali (Italy) and Pira\u00ed Vaca (Bolivia)). He has released several recordings [2] and music textbooks.[3]", "Q199945": "Alicia Silverstone (; born October 4, 1976) is an American actress. She made her film debut in The Crush (1993), earning the 1994 MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance, and gained further prominence at the age of 16 as a teen idol when she appeared in the music video for Aerosmith's \"Cryin'\". She starred in the comedy hit Clueless (1995), which earned her a multi-million dollar deal with Columbia Pictures, and in the big-budget film Batman & Robin (1997), playing Barbara Wilson/Batgirl.\nFor her role in the short-lived NBC series Miss Match (2003), Silverstone received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy. She has continued to act in film and television and on stage. A vegan, Silverstone has endorsed PETA activities and has published a vegan cookbook, The Kind Diet.", "Q858967": "Big John Wrencher (February 12, 1923 \u2013 July 15, 1977), also known as One Arm John, was an American blues harmonica player and singer, well known for playing at the Maxwell Street Market in Chicago in the 1960s. He toured Europe in the 1970s.", "Q1781198": "Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants in agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, and land restoration. It is both a humanitarian career and a scientific one. Agronomy has come to encompass work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. It is the application of a combination of sciences like biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, and genetics. Agronomists of today are involved with many issues, including producing food, creating healthier food, managing the environmental impact of agriculture, distribution of agriculture, and extracting energy from plants. Agronomists often specialise in areas such as crop rotation, irrigation and drainage, plant breeding, plant physiology, soil classification, soil fertility, weed control, and insect and pest control.", "Q84722": "Peter Kern (13 February 1949 \u2013 26 August 2015) was an Austrian actor, film director, screenwriter, and producer. He appeared in more than 70 films and directed a further 25. He starred in the 1978 film Flaming Hearts, which was entered into the 28th Berlin International Film Festival. In 1980, he was a member of the jury at the 30th Berlin International Film Festival.Two of Kern's later films, Blutsfreundschaft (2008) and M\u00f6rderschwestern (2011), featured Helmut Berger in a starring role. His last film was The Last Summer of the Rich (\"Der letzte Sommer der Reichen\"), which screened at the Berlin Film Festival in 2015.", "Q175735": "The Regional Municipality of Waterloo is a regional municipality located in Southern Ontario, Canada. It consists of the cities of Cambridge, Kitchener and Waterloo (collectively called the Tri-Cities), and the townships of North Dumfries, Wellesley, Wilmot and Woolwich. It is often referred to as the Region of Waterloo or Waterloo Region. The region is 1,369 square kilometres in size and its regional seat of government is in Kitchener.\nThe region's population was 535,154 at the 2016 census. As of 2018, the estimated population is 601,220. In 2016, the Cambridge, Kitchener, Waterloo area was the third \nbest place in Canada to find full-time employment based on data from StatsCan.The region was preceded by Waterloo County, Ontario, created in 1853 and dissolved in 1973. That entity consisted of five townships: Woolwich, Wellesley, Wilmot, Waterloo, and North Dumfries, including the cities and towns in each area.", "Q312702": "Jonathan Pryce (born John Price; 1 June 1947) is a Welsh actor. After studying at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Pryce began his career as a stage actor in the early 1970s. His work in theatre, including an award-winning performance in the title role of the Royal Court Theatre's Hamlet, led to several supporting roles in film and television. His breakthrough screen performance was in Terry Gilliam's 1985 film Brazil. Critically lauded for his versatility, Pryce has appeared in big-budget films including Evita, Tomorrow Never Dies, and Pirates of the Caribbean, as well as independent films such as Glengarry Glen Ross, The Age of Innocence, Carrington, The New World and The Wife.\nPryce's career in theatre has also been prolific, and he has won two Tony Awards\u2014the first in 1977 for his Broadway debut in Comedians, the second for his 1991 role as The Engineer in the musical Miss Saigon. He was a guest actor as the High Sparrow in the HBO series Game of Thrones in 2015, before becoming a main cast member in 2016. Since early 2017, he has starred as Sir Stuart Strange in the series Taboo. In 2019, Pryce earned his first Academy Award nomination for his portrayal of Pope Francis in The Two Popes.", "Q4011": "Wesel (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ve\u02d0zl\u0329]) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the Wesel district.", "Q188848": "Mar\u00eda Elena Walsh (1 February 1930 \u2013 10 January 2011) was an Argentine poet, novelist, musician, playwright, writer and composer, mainly known for her songs and books for children, who has been considered a \"living legend, cultural hero (and) crest of nearly every childhood\".\nWhat was written by Mar\u00eda Elena configures the most important work of all time in its genre, comparable to Lewis Carroll's Alice or Pinocchio, a work that revolutionized the way to understand the relationship between poetry and childhood.", "Q40006": "Hanyang University is one of the leading private research universities of South Korea, especially in the field of engineering. The main campus is in Seoul, and its branch, the Education Research Industry Cluster at Ansan, or ERICA campus, is located in Ansan. Hanyang (\ud55c\uc591;\u6f22\u967d) derives from the former name of the capital Seoul used during the Joseon Dynasty. The university was established as an engineering institute (DongA Engineering Institute) in 1939, and became the founding facility of Hanyang University with its motto and educational philosophy of Love in Deed and Truth. Hanyang University enrolls over 3,000 foreign students each year and more than 3,300 students study abroad annually, and counts its 777 partner universities in 76 countries as of 2018.", "Q216570": "T. Lux Feininger (June 11, 1910 Berlin, Germany \u2013 July 7, 2011 Cambridge, Massachusetts) was a German-American painter, avant-garde photographer, author, and art teacher who was born in Berlin to Julia Berg and Lyonel Feininger, an American living in Germany from the age of sixteen. His father was appointed as the Master of the Printing Workingshop at the newly formed Bauhaus art school in Weimar by Walter Gropius in 1919. He had two older full brothers, including Andreas Feininger, and two half sisters, even older, by Clara F\u00fcrst and his father (from his first marriage).", "Q481331": "Matias Faldbakken (born 1973 in Hobro, Denmark) is a Norwegian artist and writer. Faldbakken studied at the National Academy of Fine Arts in Bergen and the St\u00e4delschule in Frankfurt am Main. He is the son of the author Knut Faldbakken and brother of film director Stefan Faldbakken.", "Q4353391": "Harley Norman Hotchkiss, (July 12, 1927 \u2013 June 22, 2011) was a Canadian business and community leader who was best known for his contributions to health and sports development in Canada. He was part of the consortium that brought the National Hockey League's Atlanta Flames to Calgary in 1980, and remained a part-owner until shortly before his death. For much of that time, he was the team's governor, and hence the public face of the ownership group. He served as chairman of the board of the National Hockey League between 1995 and 2007, and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame as a builder in 2006.\nA graduate of Michigan State University in 1951 and a geologist by trade, Hotchkiss moved to Calgary in 1951 and began a long career in the oil and gas industry. He served as president of Alcon Petroleum into the 1960s, and started up his own companies, including Sabre Petroleum with long-time business partners Byron and Doc Seaman. His peers remembered him as an \"icon\" in the industry. In 1980, he joined with Ralph T. Scurfield, Norman Green, Norman Kwong and the Seaman brothers to buy the Flames and move them to Calgary.\nA noted philanthropist, the University of Calgary's Hotchkiss Brain Institute is named in honour of his contributions. He also supported Hockey Canada, investing in the growth of the sport across the country. He was named an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1997, elevated to Companion in 2009, and named to the Alberta Order of Excellence in 1998. In May 2012, it was announced that a new neighbourhood in southeast Calgary, Hotchkiss, would be named after him.In 2009, Harley Hotchkiss along with Paul Grescoe wrote a memoir, Hat Trick - A Life in the Hockey Rink, Oil Patch and Community.\n\n", "Q354031": "Tom Bower (born January 3, 1938, in Denver, Colorado) is an American actor. He has appeared in a wide variety of television and film roles, including Die Hard 2 and The Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans. He appeared in Chris Chan Lee's 2006 film Undoing.", "Q250525": "Engineer P\u00e1l Sel\u00e9nyi (17 November 1884 \u2013 21 March 1954)\nwas known as the \"father of xerography\" at Tungsram corporation.He is also known as Paul Selenyi. Chester Carlson read one of Selenyi's papers in the 1930s and was very greatly impressed; subsequently, he invested in a big effort to develop xerography. That may be the reason why Selenyi was known as the \"father of xerography\" by some people. \nP\u00e1l Sel\u00e9nyi studied physics and mathematics at the Budapest University.\nAfter finishing his studies, Sel\u00e9nyi started to work for the newly created Applied Physics Department of the University.\nFrom his early works, Sel\u00e9nyi was engaged in studying the nature of light. One well-known result of this period is Sel\u00e9nyi's wide-angle interference experiment whose foundations go back to the discovery of the photoeffect (photo-electric effect), by Albert Einstein, and Hertz's experiments on the reflection of radio waves.Einstein's hypothesis was: elementary light sources emit electromagnetic waves along small solid angles, which had been supported by the fact that interference is simplest to achieve with lightwaves intersecting one another under small angles. The Young experiment is an example: light passing through a pair of neighboring holes (in close proximity) results in the appearance of interference patterns on a screen behind the holes, but only if the angle covered by the incoming beams does not exceed a couple of degrees of angular width.", "Q175053": "Adam of Saint Victor (Latin: Adamus Sancti Victoris; died 1146) was a prolific poet and composer of Latin hymns and sequences. He has been called \"...the most illustrious exponent of the revival of liturgical poetry which the twelfth century affords.\"", "Q4777": "Mount Roraima (Spanish: Monte Roraima; Tepuy Roraima Portuguese: Monte Roraima [\u02c8m\u00f5t\u0283i \u0281o\u02c8\u027eajm\u0250], and Cerro Roraima;) is the highest of the Pakaraima chain of tepuis (table-top mountain) or plateaus in South America.:156 First described to Europeans by the English explorer Sir Walter Raleigh during his 1595 expedition, its 31-square-kilometre (12-square-mile) summit area:156 is bounded on all sides by cliffs rising 400 metres (1,300 ft). The mountain also serves as the tripoint of Venezuela, Guyana and Brazil.:156 Raleigh learned about it from indigenous peoples, who lived there before arrival of Europeans in the 15-1600's.\nMount Roraima lies on the Guiana Shield in the southeastern corner of Venezuela's 30,000-square-kilometre (12,000-square-mile) Canaima National Park forming the highest peak of Guyana's Highland Range. \nThe highest point in Guyana and the highest point of the Brazilian state of Roraima lie on the plateau, but Venezuela and Brazil have higher mountains elsewhere. The triple border point is at 5\u00b012\u203208\u2033N 60\u00b044\u203207\u2033W, but the mountain's highest point is Laberintos del Norte.\nThe 85% of this tepui is in Venezuelan territory (Bol\u00edvar state), 10% in the territory of Guyana. (Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Zone also claimed by Venezuela), and 5% belongs to the state of Roraima in Brazil.", "Q433583": "Jane Randolph (n\u00e9e Roemer; October 30, 1914 \u2013 May 4, 2009), was an American film actress. She is perhaps best known for her portrayals of Alice Moore in the 1942 horror film Cat People, and its sequel, The Curse of the Cat People (1944). She was born in Youngstown, Ohio and died in Gstaad, Switzerland, in 2009.", "Q238855": "Carrie Preston (born June 21, 1967) is an American actress, producer, and director. She is known for her work on the television series True Blood, Person of Interest, Crowded, The Good Wife, The Good Fight, and Claws. Preston received critical acclaim for her portrayal of Elsbeth Tascioni on CBS's acclaimed drama series The Good Wife and The Good Fight. For her work on The Good Wife, Preston received two nominations for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series, winning once.", "Q474810": "Prilidiano Pueyrred\u00f3n (January 24, 1823 \u2013 November 3, 1870) was an Argentine painter, architect and engineer. One of the country's first prominent painters, he was known for his costumbrist sensibility and preference for everyday themes.", "Q145190": "Zalmon Wildman (February 16, 1775 \u2013 December 10, 1835) was a United States Representative from Connecticut. He was born in Danbury, Connecticut where he completed preparatory studies. He was manufacturer of hats and he established the first hat stores in Charleston, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia in 1802. In addition, he was the first president of Danbury National Bank 1824-1826.\nWildman was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1818 and 1819. He was appointed postmaster of Danbury, Connecticut and served from April 9, 1805, to May 26, 1835. He was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-fourth Congress and served from March 4, 1835, until his death in Washington, D.C., December 10, 1835. He was buried in Wooster Cemetery, Danbury, Connecticut.", "Q883805": "John Brough (rhymes with \"huff\") (September 17, 1811 \u2013 August 29, 1865) was a War Democrat politician from Ohio. He served as the 26th Governor of Ohio during the final years of the American Civil War, dying in office of gangrene shortly after the war concluded.", "Q2306": "Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London in 1965. Gaining a following as a psychedelic rock group, they were distinguished for their extended compositions, sonic experimentation, philosophical lyrics and elaborate live shows, and became a leading band of the progressive rock genre. They are one of the most commercially successful and influential bands in popular music history.\nPink Floyd were founded by students Syd Barrett (guitar, lead vocals), Nick Mason (drums), Roger Waters (bass guitar, vocals), and Richard Wright (keyboards, vocals). Under Barrett's leadership, they released two charting singles and a successful debut album, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (1967). Guitarist and vocalist David Gilmour joined in December 1967; Barrett left in April 1968 due to deteriorating mental health. Waters became the primary lyricist and thematic leader, devising the concepts behind the albums The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), Wish You Were Here (1975), Animals (1977), The Wall (1979), and The Final Cut (1983). The band also composed several film scores.\nFollowing personal tensions, Wright left Pink Floyd in 1979, followed by Waters in 1985. Gilmour and Mason continued as Pink Floyd, rejoined later by Wright. The three produced two more albums\u2014A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987) and The Division Bell (1994)\u2014and toured both albums before entering a long period of inactivity. In 2005, all but Barrett reunited for a one-off performance at the global awareness event Live 8. Barrett died in 2006, and Wright in 2008. The last Pink Floyd studio album, The Endless River (2014), was based on unreleased material from the Division Bell recording sessions.\nPink Floyd were one of the first British psychedelia groups, and are credited with influencing genres such as progressive rock and ambient music. Four albums topped US or UK record charts; the songs \"See Emily Play\" (1967) and \"Another Brick in the Wall, Part 2\" (1979) were their only top 10 singles in either territory. The band were inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. By 2013, they had sold more than 250 million records worldwide, with The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wall two of the best-selling albums of all time.", "Q2476946": "Bror With (19 June 1900 \u2013 9 December 1985) was a Norwegian mechanical engineer, inventor and industrialist. Bror With is perhaps most associated with his invention of the Rottefella (\"Rat Trap\") ski binding, which he developed in 1927. After victories at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, this binding remained the standard for cross-country skiing over the next 50\u201360 years.With was born and grew up in Vestre Aker, Norway. He finished his secondary education at Frogner School in 1920 and graduated in 1925 from the Norwegian Institute of Technology.\nFrom the autumn of 1942, With served in Milorg, the Norwegian resistance movement during the Nazi occupation of Norway. He served under the code name Granat-Larsen (\"Grenade Larsen\"). He was responsible for all weapons and their manufacture. During this time, he produced about 800 units of a local variant of the Sten gun. He showed great ingenuity in camouflaging the real purpose of the manufacture of the various parts for the gun. He had to escape to Sweden towards the end of 1944.\nHis later major inventions included the Dromedille, a dinghy that combines the advantages of a planing and a displacement hull. The name came from the concept being as difficult as making a cross between a dromedary and a crocodile.", "Q314415": "Mayce Edward Christopher Webber III (born March 1, 1973) is an American former professional basketball player. He is a five-time NBA All-Star, a five-time All-NBA Team member, a former NBA Rookie of the Year, and a former number one overall NBA draftee. As a collegiate athlete, he was a first-team All-American and led the Michigan Wolverines' 1991 incoming freshman class known as the Fab Five that reached the 1992 and 1993 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship games as freshmen and sophomores. However, Webber was indicted by a federal grand jury and stripped of his All-American honors by the NCAA as a result of his direct involvement in the Ed Martin scandal. He is also a former National High School Basketball Player of the Year who led his high school Detroit Country Day to three Michigan State High School Basketball Championships, but never won any national championship in college or the NBA.", "Q981960": "Ivan Vasilyevich Kireyevsky (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 3 April 1806 in Moscow \u2013 23 June 1856 in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian literary critic and philosopher who, together with Aleksey Khomyakov, is credited as a co-founder of the Slavophile movement.", "Q576975": "Vladimir Nikitovich Maslachenko (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; 5 March 1936 \u2013 28 November 2010) was a Soviet footballer and football commentator. He was born in Vasylkivka, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, in the Ukrainian SSR", "Q157594": "Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov (12 February 1900 \u2013 18 March 1982) was a Soviet military officer. He was the commander of the 62nd Army which saw heavy combat during the Battle of Stalingrad. Following World War II, Chuikov was Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (1949\u201353), commander of the Kiev Military District (1953\u201360), Chief of the Soviet Armed Forces and Deputy Minister of Defense (1960\u201364), and head of the Soviet Civil Defense Forces (1961\u201372).\nChuikov was twice awarded the titles Hero of the Soviet Union (1944 and 1945) and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross by the United States for his actions during the Battle of Stalingrad. In 1955, he was named a Marshal of the Soviet Union. Following his death in 1982, he was interred at the Stalingrad memorial at Mamayev Kurgan, which had been the site of heavy fighting.", "Q1507345": "George Firestone (May 13, 1931 \u2013 March 2, 2012) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Florida. He was a Democrat. He served as the 20th Florida Secretary of State from 1979 to 1987.\nFirestone was born in New York City in 1931. He moved to Miami, Florida with his family as a child in 1936. Firestone served in the United States Army and was honorably discharged in 1952. He became a Miami business leader and served in many civic organizations.\nFirestone was elected to the Florida House of Representatives from Dade and Monroe counties in 1966. He was elected to the Florida Senate in 1972, where he would serve until 1978. He was elected Secretary of State of Florida in 1978 and was reelected twice, serving until he resigned in 1987.He used the Secretary of State's position as chief cultural officer to promoted the arts, and during his term support for the arts increased more than 3,200 percent. He also helped update the Florida seal to include the sabal palm. During his tenure, he also traveled a great deal to promote foreign investment in Florida, and was a supporter for Free Trade Zones in the state.Later in life, he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. On March 2, 2012, he died in a Hollywood, Florida assisted living facility at the age of 80.", "Q89560": "Paula Preradovi\u0107 (German: [\u02c8pa\u028a\u032fla \u02c8pre\u02d0rad\u0254v\u026at\u0283]; 12 October 1887 \u2013 25 May 1951), known professionally as Paula von Preradovi\u0107 or by her married name as Paula Molden, was an Austrian writer and poet.\nShe was the granddaughter of the poet, writer and military general Petar Preradovi\u0107. Preradovi\u0107 was born in Vienna, but her family moved to Pula, Istria, in 1889. Later she lived in Copenhagen and again in Vienna. She was married to the journalist, diplomat and founder of the Austrian newspaper Die Presse, Ernst Molden, and had two sons, the publicist and federalist Otto Molden (1918\u20132002), and the journalist Fritz Molden (1924\u20132014).\nShe composed the lyrics for the national anthem of Austria, \"Land der Berge, Land am Strome\", in 1947.\nPreradovi\u0107 died in Vienna in 1951 and is buried at the Zentralfriedhof.", "Q121402": "Maximilian Jaeger (1884\u20131959) was a Swiss Minister in Budapest from 1925 to 1944. Between 1925 and 1938 he was headquartered in Vienna (with accreditation in Hungary) and from 1938 until 1944 Swiss Minister in Budapest.He was head of the Swiss mission, and was direct supervisor of Carl Lutz. Jaeger played a role in opposing the deportation of Jews by the Nazi and Arrow Cross Party. He tried to dissuade the Nazis from deporting Jews to Auschwitz and to respect the neutrality of the 76 Swiss protected houses. The activities of Jaeger were instrumental in providing Lutz with the necessary conditions for the rescue of Jews in Budapest. Lutz later said that Jaeger always allowed him a good deal of freedom of action, and had total confidence in him.", "Q505743": "Joshua Andrew Koenig () (August 17, 1968 \u2013 c. February 16, 2010) was an American character actor, film director, editor, writer, and human rights activist. He was best known for his role as Richard \u201cBoner\u201d Stabone in Growing Pains.", "Q75903": "The Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (initially, the Turkestan Socialist Federative Republic; 30 April 1918 \u2013 27 October 1924) was an autonomous republic of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic located in Soviet Central Asia.\nDuring the Russian Empire, the Turkestan ASSR's territory was governed as Turkestan Krai, the Emirate of Bukhara, and the Khanate of Khiva. From 1905, Pan-Turkist ideologues like Ismail Gasprinski aimed to suppress differences among the peoples who spoke Turkic languages, uniting them into one government.This idea was supported by Vladimir Lenin, and after the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks in Tashkent created the Turkestan ASSR. But in February 1918, the Islamic Council (Uzbek: Shuroi Islamia) and the Council of Intelligentsia (Uzb. Shuroi Ulammo) met in Kokand city and declared a rival Turkestan Autonomous Republic, battling Bolshevik forces until the 1920s as part of the conservative Basmachi rebellion.The Turkestan Soviet Federative Republic was officially proclaimed on April 30, 1918.In the late 1917, the TSFR was cut off from the RSFSR by the revolt of the Orenburg Cossacks, but held out, despite being surrounded by hostile states, until the arrival of the Red Army in September 1919 after the Counteroffensive of Eastern Front.Meanwhile, a power struggle among the Communists ensued between those favoring a Pan-Turkist government like Turar Ryskulov and Tursun Khojaev, and those in favor of dividing Soviet Turkestan into smaller ethnic or regional units, such as Fayzulla Khodzhayev and Akmal Ikramov. The latter group won, as national delimitation in Central Asia began in 1924. Upon dissolution, the Turkestan ASSR was split into Turkmen SSR (now Turkmenistan), Uzbek SSR (now Uzbekistan) with the Tajik ASSR (now Tajikistan), Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (now Kyrgyzstan), and Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast (now Karakalpakstan).", "Q171235": "Ariadna Thal\u00eda Sodi Miranda Mottola (Spanish pronunciation: [a\u02c8\u027eja\u00f0na ta\u02c8li.a \u02c8so\u00f0i mi\u02c8\u027eanda]; born 26 August 1971), known mononymously as Thal\u00eda, is a Mexican singer, business woman, and actress. She is considered one of the most successful and influential Mexican artists worldwide. Apart from her native Spanish, Thal\u00eda has also sung in English, French, Portuguese and Tagalog.She is referred to as the \"Queen of Latin Pop\" by international media because of her renown within the Latin pop music scene for the last three decades. Having sold around 25 million records worldwide, Thal\u00eda is one of the best-selling latin music artists. She has received numerous accolades, including five Billboard Latin Music Awards (from 17 nominations), several Premios Juventud and Lo Nuestro Awards, as well as seven Latin Grammy Award nominations and a special Latin Grammy \"President's Merit Award\" in 2019.\nShe has collaborated with renowned artists, such as Tony Bennett, Michael Bubl\u00e9, Robbie Williams, Marc Anthony, Laura Pausini, Romeo Santos and Carlos Vives as well as with younger popular artists like Maluma, Prince Royce, Becky G, Natti Natasha, Gente de Zona, Lali and Pabllo Vittar.\nAs an actress, Thal\u00eda starred in a variety of successful telenovelas that aired in over 180 countries and that led to her being referred to as the \"Queen of telenovelas\" by the mass media. The global impact of her novelas helped her to popularize her music in non-Spanish speaking territories and markets in Europe and Asia. The Mexican media company Televisa has named her the best-paid telenovela actress in history, while Billboard names her the most widely recognized Spanish-speaking soap star in the world.In 2011, Terra Networks included her in its list of \"powerful and iconic women in Latin music\". She is also a successful fashion brand owner (having signed an exclusive deal with Macy's), has her own nationally syndicated radio show and is the author of four books, including her memoir. On 5 December 2013 she was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame as a recognition for her achievements as an artist.", "Q426830": "Between Your Legs (Spanish: Entre las piernas) is a 1999 Spanish drama film directed by Manuel G\u00f3mez Pereira. It was entered into the 49th Berlin International Film Festival. It stars Javier Bardem as the main character, and Victoria Abril, Carmen Balagu\u00e9, Mar\u00eda Ad\u00e1nez and Sergi L\u00f3pez as supporting characters.\n\n", "Q288628": "Almost an Angel is a 1990 American comedy-drama film directed by John Cornell and starring Paul Hogan. The original music score was composed by Maurice Jarre.\nThe film was a critical and commercial failure.", "Q80222": "Joseph-Louis Lagrange (born Giuseppe Luigi Lagrangia or Giuseppe Ludovico De la Grange Tournier; 25 January 1736 \u2013 10 April 1813), also reported as Giuseppe Luigi Lagrange or Lagrangia, was a Franco-Italian mathematician and astronomer. He made significant contributions to the fields of analysis, number theory, and both classical and celestial mechanics.\nIn 1766, on the recommendation of Swiss Leonhard Euler and French d'Alembert, Lagrange succeeded Euler as the director of mathematics at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, Prussia, where he stayed for over twenty years, producing volumes of work and winning several prizes of the French Academy of Sciences. Lagrange's treatise on analytical mechanics (M\u00e9canique analytique, 4. ed., 2 vols. Paris: Gauthier-Villars et fils, 1788\u201389), written in Berlin and first published in 1788, offered the most comprehensive treatment of classical mechanics since Newton and formed a basis for the development of mathematical physics in the nineteenth century.\nIn 1787, at age 51, he moved from Berlin to Paris and became a member of the French Academy of Sciences. He remained in France until the end of his life. He was significantly involved in the decimalisation in Revolutionary France, became the first professor of analysis at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique upon its opening in 1794, was a founding member of the Bureau des Longitudes, and became Senator in 1799.", "Q4889059": "Benjamin Nathan (December 20, 1813 \u2013 July 28, 1870) was an American investor and philanthropist. He was bludgeoned to death in his home in 1870, and the notorious murder case remains unsolved despite several trials in the years following his death.", "Q971339": "Jos\u00e9 Eliseo Pay\u00e1n Hurtado (August 1, 1825 \u2013 June 30, 1895) was a Colombian lawyer, politician, and military officer. Pay\u00e1n as Vice President of Colombia assumed the Presidency of Colombia because of the absence of President Rafael N\u00fa\u00f1ez in 1887.", "Q500613": "Kaoma was a French-Brazilian recording act made up of former members of the band Tour\u00e9 Kunda: Chyco Dru (bassist), Jacky Arconte (guitarist), Jean-Claude Bonaventure (producer and keyboardist), Michel Abihssira (drums and percussion), Fania (vocals), and Loalwa Braz (lead singer), Chico & Roberta (dancers). Chyco Dru is from Martinique, Jacky Arconte from Guadeloupe, and Loalwa Braz from Brazil. They gained international success for their 1988 hit single, \"Lambada\".", "Q83703": "He Loves Me... He Loves Me Not (French: \u00c0 la folie... pas du tout) is a 2002 French psychological drama film directed by L\u00e6titia Colombani. The film focuses on a Fine Arts student, played by Audrey Tautou, and a married cardiologist, played by Samuel Le Bihan, with whom she is dangerously obsessed. The film studies the condition of erotomania and is both an example of the nonlinear and \"unreliable narrator\" forms of storytelling.\nThe title refers to the last two lines of the French game of Effeuiller la Marguerite (Fr., \"to pluck the daisy\") of pulling petals off a flower, in which one seeks to determine whether the object of their affection returns that affection and to what extent: un peu (\"a little\"), beaucoup (\"a lot\"); passionn\u00e9ment (\"passionately\"): \u00e0 la folie (\"to madness\"); pas du tout (\"not at all\").", "Q510400": "John Hill (17 November 1714 \u2013 21 November 1775), called because of his Swedish honours, \"Sir\" John Hill, was an English author and botanist. He contributed to contemporary periodicals and was awarded the title of Sir in recognition of his illustrated botanical compendium The Vegetable System.", "Q353776": "Adela Sequeyro Haro (March 11, 1901 - December 24, 1992) was a Mexican journalist, actress, filmmaker and screenwriter. She was a pioneer of Mexican cinema both during the silent era and the talkies.\n\n", "Q731462": "Xavier Huillard (born 27 June 1954) is a French business executive and the current CEO of Vinci SA. He has held the position since 2006, he also served as chairman of the board since 2010. He has been employed with Vinci since March 1998, as Deputy General Manager, Chairman of Vinci Construction, and Chairman of Vinci Energies. Prior to joining Vinci, he was chairman and CEO of Sogea. He has been the chairman of the Institut de l\u2019Entreprise since 2011. He graduated from \u00c9cole Polytechnique and \u00c9cole des ponts ParisTech.", "Q388172": "The Saturday Night Kid is a 1929 American pre-Code romantic comedy film about two sisters and the man they both want. It stars Clara Bow, Jean Arthur, James Hall, and in her first credited role, Jean Harlow. The film was based on the play Love 'Em and Leave 'Em (1926) by George Abbott and John V. A. Weaver. The movie still survives. The film was preserved by the UCLA Film & Television Archive with funding by Clara Bow biographer David Stenn.", "Q165268": "Never Back Down is a 2008 American martial arts film directed by Jeff Wadlow and starring Sean Faris, Amber Heard, Cam Gigandet, and Djimon Hounsou. The movie was released on March 14, 2008. The film is about a frustrated and conflicted teenager who arrives at a new high school to discover an underground fight club. \nThe movie is, in some ways, a recollection of 1984's The Karate Kid; Faris and Heard have the Ralph Macchio and Elizabeth Shue roles, respectively, while Gigandet is in William Zabka's and Hounsou is in Pat Morita's.\nAn unrated version called the \"Extended Beat Down Edition\", featuring nudity and more blood, was released on DVD on July 29, 2008.\n\n", "Q181844": "Aya Matsuura (\u677e\u6d66 \u4e9c\u5f25, Matsuura Aya, born June 25, 1986) is a Japanese singer and actress from Himeji, Hyogo, Japan.", "Q241400": "The Wolfgang Press was an English post-punk band, active from 1983 to 1995, recording for the 4AD label. The core of the band was Michael Allen (vocals, bass), Mark Cox (keyboards), and Andrew Gray (guitar).\nThe group is best known for its 1992 international hit single \"A Girl Like You (Born To Be Kissed)\".", "Q122123": "Sibyl Moholy-Nagy (October 29, 1903 \u2013 January 8, 1971) was an architectural and art historian. Originally a German citizen, she accompanied her second husband, the Hungarian Bauhaus artist L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Moholy-Nagy, in his move to the United States. She was the author of a study of his work, Moholy-Nagy: Experiment in Totality, plus several other books on architectural history. \nShe was an outspoken critic of what she regarded as the excesses of postwar modernist architecture. After her death in 1971, fellow writer Reyner Banham eulogized her as \"the most formidable of the group of lady-critics (Jane Jacobs, Ada Louise Huxtable, etc) who kept the U.S. architectural establishment continually on the run during the 50s and 60s\".", "Q529281": "Peter Trewavas (born 15 January 1959, Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England) is an English musician, known as the bassist of Marillion. He joined in 1982, replacing Diz Minnitt, while acting occasionally as a backing vocalist and acoustic guitarist.\nAlthough he was born in Middlesbrough, Trewavas spent much of his childhood in the Buckinghamshire town of Aylesbury. It was in Aylesbury that he became involved in several bands, having most success with The Metros, before taking up his long term role in Marillion.\nAlthough still a full member of Marillion, in recent years, Trewavas has also become a member of the progressive rock supergroup, Transatlantic. In 2004, Trewavas co-founded another group called Kino, with John Mitchell (Arena), John Beck (It Bites) and Chris Maitland (ex-Porcupine Tree).\nIn 2011, Pete Trewavas joined up with his longtime friend Eric Blackwood to form the duo Edison's Children. The new project was designed to be a creative outlet for Pete Trewavas (who has traditionally recorded in a \"band\" or \"group\" format on bass and acoustic guitar), in which he could also play lead guitar, lead vocals, drum programming and keyboards as well as have full creative control over the writing and producing of the record with. The 72-minute concept album In The Last Waking Moments... about a man fighting to understand if a recent bizarre happening was reality or a descent into madness, was released on 11.11.11.The Edison's Children project would result in the release of the single \"A Million Miles Away (I Wish I Had A Time Machine)\". The song debuted on American Commercial Radio in June 2012 and by September it had reached the FMQB U.S. Commercial Radio Top 40 where it remained for 10 weeks (and stayed in the top 100 for 25 weeks) peaking at No. 32.Edison's Children did live performances in Montreal, Wolverhampton England and Port Zelande Netherlands opening up for Marillion's \"Brave\" performances during the Marillion 2013 Weekend. The Montreal show was recorded and released as a B-Side on their \"In the Last Waking Moments...\"-EP Single. The UK show was released on their latest album \"Somewhere Between Here and There\".\nEdison's Children released their second album, The Final Breath Before November, on 13 December 2013. It was mixed by Jakko Jakszyk, lead singer of King Crimson, John Mitchell, lead guitarist of It Bites, and Arena and Robin Boult, lead guitarist of Fish. The album featured Eric Blackwood on lead vocals and guitar and composition again along with Henry Rogers of DeeExpus and Touchstone. Pete Trewavas co-wrote and produced the album with Eric Blackwood and played lead guitar and lead vocals on many of tracks along with bass and programming for the symphonic orchestration.\nEdison's Children is expecting their third album \"Somewhere Between Here and There\", a \"bridge album\" containing 7 new songs and 6 original mixes from The Final Breath Before November by King Crimson's Jakko Jakszyk and John Mitchell, along with the live version of A Million Miles Away from Wolves UK to be released in June 2015. Work has already begun on a 4th epic album which is expected to be much \"harder\" than the more symphonic The Final Breath Before November.\nOn 17 September 2012, during a Marillion concert at The Junction in Cambridge, Steve Hogarth announced that Trewavas was now called \"Sweet Pea Tremendous\" as it was the result of putting his name into an anagram solver.\nTrewavas has also appeared in Prog Aid, the charity project set up to raise money for victims of the 2004 tsunami.\nTrewavas was a guest musician on English progressive rock band Big Big Train's 2007 album, The Difference Machine.\nThough primarily a bassist, Trewavas has been known to write keyboard parts during his time with Transatlantic, and has played acoustic guitar on Marillion songs, particularly \"Faith\" and \"Now She'll Never Know\". With Edison's Children however, Trewavas commonly plays lead guitar, lead vocals, symphonic orchestral programming, guitar synthesizer, drum programming and several middle-eastern instrumentation.\nTrewavas is a fan of the Football team Manchester United F.C.", "Q180582": "Bauhaus are an English rock band, formed in Northampton, England, in 1978. The group consisted of Daniel Ash (guitar, saxophone), Peter Murphy (vocals, occasional instruments), Kevin Haskins (drums) and David J (bass). The band was originally named Bauhaus 1919 in reference to the first operating year of the German art school Bauhaus, although they shortened the name within a year of formation. One of the pioneers of gothic rock, Bauhaus were known for their dark image and gloomy sound, although they mixed many genres, including dub, glam rock, psychedelia and funk.Bauhaus broke up in 1983. Murphy began a solo career while Ash and Haskins continued as Tones on Tail and, later, reunited with David J to form Love and Rockets. Both enjoyed greater commercial success in the United States than Bauhaus had, but disappeared from the charts in their homeland. Bauhaus eventually reunited for a 1998 tour, again from 2005 to 2008, and once again in 2019.", "Q218575": "Percival Lawrence Lowell (; March 13, 1855 \u2013 November 12, 1916) was an American businessman, author, mathematician, and astronomer who fueled speculation that there were canals on Mars. He founded the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona and formed the beginning of the effort that led to the discovery of Pluto 14 years after his death.", "Q217646": "Mudanjiang (Chinese: \u7261\u4e39\u6c5f; Manchu: Mudan bira), alternately romanized as Mutankiang, is a prefecture-level city in the southeast part of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. It was called Botankou under Japanese occupation. It serves as a regional transport hub with a railway junction and an international airport connecting with several major Chinese cities as well as Seoul of South Korea. Mudanjiang is located 248 km (154 mi) from Vladivostok, Russia. In 2011 Mudanjiang had a GDP of RMB 93.48 billion with a 15.1% growth rate. In 2015 Mudanjiang had a GDP of RMB 118.63 billion.Its population is 2,798,723 at the 2010 census whom 965,154 live in the built-up area made of 4 urban districts. In 2007, the city is named China's top ten livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum.", "Q132330": "Horace Maynard (August 30, 1814 \u2013 May 3, 1882) was an American educator, attorney, politician and diplomat active primarily in the second half of the 19th century. Initially elected to the House of Representatives from Tennessee's 2nd Congressional District for the term commencing on March 4, 1857, Maynard, an ardent Union supporter, became one of the few Southern congressmen to maintain his seat in the House during the Civil War. Toward the end of the war, Maynard served as Tennessee's attorney general under Governor Andrew Johnson, and later served as ambassador to Turkey under President Ulysses S. Grant and Postmaster General under President Rutherford B. Hayes.Maynard left his teaching position at East Tennessee College in the early 1840s to pursue a career in law, and quickly developed a reputation among his peers for his reasoning ability and biting sarcastic style. He spent much of his first two terms in Congress fighting to preserve the Union, and during the Civil War he consistently urged President Abraham Lincoln to send Union forces to free East Tennessee from its Confederate occupiers. Maynard returned to Congress after the war, but being a Republican in a Democrat-controlled state, he struggled in statewide elections.", "Q2019186": "Oleg Dmitriyevich Baklanov (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; born March 17, 1932) was a Soviet politician, high functionary in government and industry, and is now a scientist and businessman. As Minister of General Machine Building, he was responsible for Soviet space industry during the 80s.", "Q96468": "Roland Theis (1980) is a German politician of the Christian Democrat Union. Since 2017 he has been serving as State Secretary in the State Ministry of Justice in Saarland, in the government of Minister-President Tobias Hans.", "Q661527": "Ketil Stokkan (born 29 April 1956) is a Norwegian pop artist who has performed as solo artist as well as the singer in the Norwegian band Zoo. \nStokkan was born in Harstad. 1983 saw him participate in the Norwegian qualifying heat for Eurovision with the song \"Samme charmeur\" which was placed second. In 1986 he won the national Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"Romeo\", written by himself, which came 12th on homeground in the Eurovision Song Contest final, which that year was held in Bergen, Norway. In 1990 he won the national final again with the song \"Brandenburger Tor\", the song ended up last tied with Finland. Stokkan now works as a school teacher in Nordkjosbotn, Balsfjord.\nStokkan is also an outspoken Odd Fellow.", "Q384990": "Clara Sereni (1946 \u2013 25 July 2018) was an Italian writer of Jewish descent. She was born and married in Rome where she remained until 1991. Then she moved to Perugia.\nShe became known to critics and the public with her first book, Sigma Epsilon (1974), an autobiographical revisiting of the frenzied political times marking her generation. Her second work, Casalinghitudine, written thirteen years later, is a kind of recipe book where each dish is linked with a particular moment of her own past, an indelible memory. Her popularity increased with short stories, such as Manicomio primavera (1989) and the novel Il gioco dei regni (1993), which won her two literary prizes.\nSereni's activities also span the social and political arenas. In the Umbrian capital of Perugia she was elected Deputy Mayor, with the Social Policies portfolio, from 1995 to 1997.\nIn 1998, following a difficult personal situation (her son Matteo has been affected by psychosis from birth), Sereni promoted the Citt\u00e0 del sole NGO Foundation (becoming its President) \u2013 a charity mental health organisation for the disabled and gravely afflicted.\nShe was also a columnist for the Italian newspapers l'Unit\u00e0 and Il Manifesto, and translated and edited works by Balzac, Stendhal, Madame de la Fayette. Moreover, she reviewed many books, among which in 1996 the important Si pu\u00f2 (You can), where five Italian journalists (Lucia Annunziata, Gad Lerner, Barbara Palombelli, Oreste Pivetta and Gianni Riotta) narrate a positive story of integration into society of the mentally disabled.\nIn 2003 she won the Grinzane Cavour Prize for Literature.\nIn 2004 Sereni took part in the documentary movie Un silenzio particolare (A Particular Silence), directed by her husband Stefano Rulli, on their mutual experience of life with their son Matteo, also in the movie.", "Q574192": "Greenville (; locally ) is a city in and the seat of Greenville County, South Carolina, United States. The city's mayor is Knox H. White, who has been in that position since December 1995. With an estimated population of 68,563 as of 2018, it is the sixth-largest city in the state. The population of the surrounding area was 400,492 as of 2010, making it the third-largest urban area in South Carolina as well as the fastest growing. Greenville is the largest city in the Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The MSA had a population of 920,477 in 2019, making it the largest in South Carolina and the third largest in the Carolinas.\nGreenville is the largest city in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson Combined Statistical Area, a 10-county region of northwestern South Carolina known as \"The Upstate\". According to United States Census Bureau, the CSA had a population of 1,475,235 as of 2019, making it the largest CSA in the state. Greenville is located approximately halfway between Atlanta and Charlotte, North Carolina, along Interstate 85, and its metropolitan area also includes Interstates 185 and 385. Greenville was the fourth fastest-growing city in the United States between 2015 and 2016, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.", "Q91307": "Jens Georg Reich (born 26 March 1939 in G\u00f6ttingen, Province of Hanover) is a German scientist and a member of the German Ethics Council. He has become famous as a civil rights campaigner in the last decade of the German Democratic Republic (GDR)", "Q542420": "Karl Harald Wiik (1883-1946) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish Social Democratic (SDP) leader. Elected to parliament numerous times between 1911 and the time of his death and Secretary of the SDP for more than a decade, Wiik is remembered as one of six radical SDP members of parliament expelled from the SDP in the aftermath of the Winter War with the Soviet Union.\nImprisoned during the years of World War II, Wiik was released in 1944, becoming a leader of the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL), a left wing political organization dominated by the newly legalized Communist Party of Finland (SKP).", "Q205242": "Sogyal Rinpoche (Tibetan: \u0f56\u0f66\u0f7c\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f63\u0f0b, Wylie: Bsod-rgyal; 1947 \u2013 28 August 2019) was a Tibetan Dzogchen lama of the Nyingma tradition. He was recognized as the incarnation of a great Tibetan master and visionary saint of the nineteenth century, Tert\u00f6n Sogyal Lerab Lingpa. He founded the international Buddhist network Rigpa, and was the author of The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying. Before his retirement, in the wake of abuse allegations in 2017, he had been teaching for 40 years in Europe, America, Asia and Australia.Sogyal Rinpoche was the founder and ex-spiritual director of Rigpa\u2014an international network of over 100 Buddhist centres and groups in 23 countries around the world\u2014and the author of the best-selling book The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, which has been printed in 30 languages and 56 countries. Sogyal Rinpoche had been accused of sexual and physical assault and abuse, as well as misusing charitable funds, with allegations stretching back to the 1970s. Rigpa announced these allegations would be investigated by an outside party and a report has now been published, upholding most of the allegations. Sogyal Rinpoche did not respond to the report but stated that \"I am clear in my own mind that I have never, ever, acted towards anyone with a motive of selfish gain or harmful intent.\"", "Q73382": "Moritz Ferdinand Freiherr von Bissing (30 January 1844 \u2013 18 April 1917) was a Prussian General.", "Q449207": "Carry On Camping is a 1969 British comedy film, the 17th release in the series of 31 Carry On films (1958\u20131992). It features series regulars Sid James, Kenneth Williams, Charles Hawtrey, Joan Sims, Terry Scott, Hattie Jacques, Barbara Windsor, Bernard Bresslaw and Peter Butterworth.", "Q169452": "Shaquille Rashaun \"Shaq\" O'Neal ( sh\u0259-KEEL; SHAK; born March 6, 1972) is a retired professional American basketball player who is a sports analyst on the television program Inside the NBA on TNT. He is considered one of the greatest players in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. At 7 ft 1 in (2.16 m) tall and 325 pounds (147 kg), he was one of the tallest and heaviest players ever. O'Neal played for six teams over his 19-year career.\nFollowing his time at Louisiana State University, O'Neal was drafted by the Orlando Magic with the first overall pick in the 1992 NBA draft. He quickly became one of the best centers in the league, winning Rookie of the Year in 1992\u201393 and leading his team to the 1995 NBA Finals. After four years with the Magic, O'Neal signed as a free agent with the Los Angeles Lakers. They won three consecutive championships in 2000, 2001, and 2002. Amid tension between O'Neal and Kobe Bryant, O'Neal was traded to the Miami Heat in 2004, and his fourth NBA championship followed in 2006. Midway through the 2007\u20132008 season he was traded to the Phoenix Suns. After a season-and-a-half with the Suns, O'Neal was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 2009\u201310 season. O'Neal played for the Boston Celtics in the 2010\u201311 season before retiring.O'Neal's individual accolades include the 1999\u20132000 MVP award, the 1992\u201393 NBA Rookie of the Year award, 15 All-Star game selections, three All-Star Game MVP awards, three Finals MVP awards, two scoring titles, 14 All-NBA team selections, and three NBA All-Defensive Team selections. He is one of only three players to win NBA MVP, All-Star game MVP and Finals MVP awards in the same year (2000); the other players are Willis Reed in 1970 and Michael Jordan in 1996 and 1998. He ranks 8th all-time in points scored, 6th in field goals, 15th in rebounds, and 8th in blocks. Largely due to his ability to dunk the basketball, O'Neal also ranks third all-time in field goal percentage (58.2%). O'Neal was elected into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2016. He was elected to the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2017.In addition to his basketball career, O'Neal has released four rap albums, with his first, Shaq Diesel, going platinum. O'Neal is also an electronic music producer, and touring DJ, known as DIESEL. He has appeared in numerous films and has starred in his own reality shows, Shaq's Big Challenge and Shaq Vs.. He hosts The Big Podcast with Shaq. He is also the general manager of Kings Guard Gaming of the NBA 2K League.", "Q8165": "Karlsruhe is one of the four administrative regions (sing. Regierungsbezirk) of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, located in the north-west of the state. It is subdivided into the three regional associations (sing. Regionalverband): Mittlerer Oberrhein (Middle Upper Rhine), Rhein-Neckar (Rhine-Neckar) and Nordschwarzwald (Northern Black Forest).", "Q168994": "Zden\u011bk Kalista (1900\u20131982) was a Czech historian, poet, literary critic, and editor.", "Q311223": "Sir Edward Sabine (; 14 October 1788 \u2013 26 June 1883) was an Irish astronomer, geophysicist, ornithologist, explorer, soldier and the 30th president of the Royal Society.He led the effort to establish a system of magnetic observatories in various parts of British territory all over the globe. Much of his life was devoted to their direction, and to analyzing their observations. Other research focused on the birds of Greenland, ocean temperatures, the Gulf Stream, barometric measurement of heights, arc of the meridian, glacial transport of rocks, the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands, and various points of meteorology.\n\n", "Q287255": "Tinsel Korey (born March 25, 1980) is a Canadian actress, best known for portraying the Makah Emily Young in the Twilight Saga films New Moon and Eclipse.", "Q1474397": "Goebel Leon Reeves (October 9, 1899 \u2013 January 26, 1959) was an American folk singer. His most famous song is \"Hobo's Lullaby,\" which has been covered by numerous singers, notably Woody Guthrie and his son Arlo.", "Q97010": "Rainer Bock (born 31 July 1954) is a German actor and voice actor.", "Q1000839": "Ordubad (also, Ordoubat and Ordubat) is the second largest town and a municipality of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan and is one of its three regions. It is the capital of the rayon Ordubad District. Ordubad is a medieval city of the Caucasus and in its current capacity of a town was founded in the 18th century. The town is divided into five districts: the Ambaras, the Kurdtatal, the Mingis, the Sar sheher, and the Uch. Ordubad is known as the \u201cpearl\u201d of Nakhchevan province and is well known for its exports of fruits and spices, and for its cuisine.", "Q44248": "Jerome (; Latin: Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Greek: \u0395\u1f50\u03c3\u03ad\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c9\u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f39\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2; c. 347 \u2013 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon was a Latin priest, confessor, theologian, and historian; he is commonly known as Saint Jerome.\nJerome was born at Stridon, a village near Emona on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia. He is best known for his translation of most of the Bible into Latin (the translation that became known as the Vulgate), and his commentaries on the Gospels. His list of writings is extensive.The prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Pope Damasus I, who died in December of 384, Jerome was known for his teachings on Christian moral life, especially to those living in cosmopolitan centers such as Rome. In many cases, he focused his attention on the lives of women and identified how a woman devoted to Jesus should live her life. This focus stemmed from his close patron relationships with several prominent female ascetics who were members of affluent senatorial families.Jerome is recognised as a saint and Doctor of the Church by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Lutheran Church, and the Anglican Communion. His feast day is 30 September.", "Q1060115": "Taichi Kokubun (\u56fd\u5206 \u592a\u4e00, Kokubun Taichi, born September 2, 1974) is a Japanese keyboardist and actor. He plays keyboard for Tokio, a Johnny & Associates musical group.", "Q1665236": "The Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Aut\u00f3nomo de M\u00e9xico (Mexico Autonomous Institute of Technology), commonly known as ITAM, is a private Ph.D.-granting research university. It is one of Mexico\u2019s most important institutions of higher learning; highly prestigious in the social sciences; regarded as the best undergraduate Economics, International Relations, Law, and Political Science school in Mexico; and the best Accounting and Business School in Latin America. Also, it is considered one of Mexico's think tanks and has the highest rank of admission to the Mexican Foreign Service.", "Q234921": "Berit Elisabet Andersson (11 November 1935 \u2013 14 April 2019), known professionally as Bibi Andersson (Swedish: [\u02c8b\u026a\u0302b\u02d0\u026a \u02c8\u00e2n\u02d0d\u025b\u02cc\u0282\u0254n]), was a Swedish actress who was best known for her frequent collaborations with filmmaker Ingmar Bergman.", "Q668503": "Piz Sardona (or Surenstock) is a mountain in the Glarus Alps, located on the border between the cantons Glarus and St. Gallen. The 3,056 metres high mountain overlooks the valleys of Elm (Glarus) and Calfeisen (St. Gallen). Less than one kilometre south of the summit lies the tripoint (3,000 metres) between the cantons of Glarus, St. Gallen and Graub\u00fcnden. The summit itself is the northernmost point above 3,000 metres in Switzerland.\nThe massif is covered by a few small glaciers, the Sardonagletscher lying near the summit on the east side.\nPiz Sardona is located within the Glarus thrust, a geologic UNESCO world heritage site, named Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona.\nThe Foo Pass lies to the north of the Piz Sardona and carries a hiking trail from Weisstannen in St. Gallen to Elm in Glarus, forming part of the Alpine Pass Route between Sargans to Montreux.", "Q369398": "Louise Rennison (11 October 1951 \u2013 29 February 2016) was an English author and comedian who wrote the Confessions of Georgia Nicolson series for teenage girls. The series records the exploits of a teenage girl, Georgia Nicolson, and her best friends, the Ace Gang. Her first and second novels, Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging and It's OK, I'm Wearing Really Big Knickers were portrayed in a film adaptation called Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging. She also wrote a series of books about Georgia's younger cousin, The Misadventures of Tallulah Casey.\nHer one-woman live show Stevie Wonder Felt My Face won acclaim in the 1980s; her other shows were Bob Marley's Gardener Sold My Friend and Never Eat Anything Bigger Than Your Head.", "Q91461": "Hans Marchwitza (25 June 1890 \u2013 17 January 1965) was a German writer, proletarian poet, and Communist.", "Q65286": "H\u00e4gglingen is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q4035084": "Bieler Bros. Records is an independent record label in Florida.", "Q129710": "Stephen Taber (March 7, 1821 \u2013 April 23, 1886) was a United States Congress Representative from New York from 1865 to 1869.\nHe was the son of Thomas Taber II; born in Dover, New York, March 7, 1821; completed preparatory studies; moved to Queens, New York and engaged in agricultural pursuits; member of the New York State Assembly (Queens Co., 1st D.) in 1860 and 1861; elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses (March 4, 1865 \u2013 March 3, 1869); assisted in organizing the Long Island North Shore Transportation Co. in 1861 and served as its president for several years; director of the Long Island Rail Road Co.; became the first president of the Roslyn Savings Bank in 1876 and served in this capacity for a number of years; died in New York City on April 23, 1886; interment in Roslyn Cemetery, Roslyn, Long Island, N.Y.", "Q214429": "Hans-Otto Meissner (4 June 1909 in Strasbourg \u2013 8 September 1992 in Unterw\u00f6ssen, Germany) was a German lawyer and Nazi diplomat, posted in London, Tokyo, Moscow, and Milan, among other cities. He is best known as a writer and novelist publishing a series of books, which proved financially successful.", "Q151873": "Une liaison pornographique (English: A Pornographic Affair; US title: An Affair of Love) is a 1999 romantic drama film by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Fonteyne, and written by Philippe Blasband.", "Q75095": "Hermann Baranowski (11 June 1884 in Schwerin \u2013 5 February 1940 in Aue) was a German politician and military figure. A member of the Nazi Party, he is best known as the commandant of two German concentration camps of the SS Death's Head unit. He was the Schutzhaftlagerf\u00fchrer of Dachau concentration camp in 1938, where he had been sent as compound leader in 1936. He served as the SS-Oberf\u00fchrer of Sachsenhausen concentration camp from February 1938 - September 1939. He was especially sadistic.", "Q5327": "Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt (24 March 1903 \u2013 18 January 1995) was a German biochemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939 for his \"work on sex hormones.\" He initially rejected the award in accordance with government policy, but accepted it in 1949 after World War II. He was President of the Max Planck Society from 1960 to 1972.", "Q364864": "Michael Edward Mills (born December 17, 1958) is an American multi-instrumentalist, singer, and composer who was a founding member of the alternative rock band R.E.M. Though known primarily as a bass guitarist, backing vocalist, and pianist, his musical repertoire also includes keyboards, guitar, percussion instruments and occasional lead vocals. He contributed to a majority of the band's musical compositions.", "Q103853": "Rolf Wilhelm Brednich (born February 8, 1935 in Worms, Germany) is a German Europeanist ethnologist and ethnographer (Volkskundler) and folklorist.", "Q217120": "Bob Martin (7 June 1922, Krasnoyarsk, Siberia \u2013 13 January 1998, Vienna, Austria), born Leo Heppe, was an Austrian singer, who was the first participant representing Austria in the 1957 Eurovision Song Contest. The first \"Austrian\" was Freddy Quinn who represented Germany in 1956. Martin, singing in German \"Wohin, kleines Pony?\" (Where to, Little Pony?), placed last in the field of ten. He received three points in total - one from the Netherlands and two from the United Kingdom. He has been especially popular in southern Austria.", "Q51123": "David Wark \"D. W.\" Griffith (January 22, 1875 \u2013 July 23, 1948) was an American film director. Widely considered as the most important filmmaker of his generation, he pioneered the feature-length movie and many enduring cinematic techniques, such as the close-up.\nHis film The Birth of a Nation (1915) broke box-office records, but also attracted much controversy, as it depicted African Americans in a negative light and glorified the Ku Klux Klan. Intolerance (1916) was made as an answer to his critics. Several of Griffith's later films were also successful, including Broken Blossoms (1919), Way Down East (1920) and Orphans of the Storm (1921), but the high costs he incurred for production and promotion often led to commercial failure. He had made roughly 500 films by the time of his final feature, The Struggle (1931).\nTogether with Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks he founded United Artists, enabling them to control their own interests, rather than depending on commercial studios. Griffith was also a founder member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.\n\n", "Q85414": "Ernst von Wolzogen (23 April 1855 \u2013 30 August 1934) was a cultural critic, a writer and a founder of Cabaret in Germany.", "Q708585": "Arthur Barrow (born February 28, 1952, San Antonio, Texas) is a multi-instrumental musician, best known for his stint as a bass guitar player for Frank Zappa in the late 1970s and early 1980s.", "Q18245": "The Royal Conservatoire (Dutch: Koninklijk Conservatorium, KC) is a conservatoire in The Hague, providing higher education in music and dance. The conservatoire was founded by King William I in 1826, making it the oldest conservatoire in the Netherlands.", "Q303627": "Manuel De Peppe is an Italian actor, musician, composer, arranger, and producer. He spent the majority of his career as an actor and singer, but in 2005 moved to the United States primarily as a composer, music producer and arranger.", "Q452627": "Pierre Guillaume Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Le Play (French: [l\u0259.pl\u025b]; April 11, 1806 \u2013 April 5, 1882) was a French engineer, sociologist and economist.", "Q211551": "Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov (\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0437\u043e\u0432; 7 July 1854, Borok \u2013 30 July 1946) was a Russian revolutionary who spent about 25 years in prison before turning his attention to various fields of science.", "Q15995149": "Husbands is an American web series written and created by Brad Bell and Jane Espenson, which premiered September 13, 2011, via super syndication on streaming platforms such as Blip, YouTube and Roku. The series stars Brad Bell and Sean Hemeon as a newly married couple. Billed as the world's first marriage equality comedy, Husbands is a modern look on the classic premise of the newlywed sitcom.\nThe second season premiered August 15, 2012. After producing two seasons independently, it was announced that CW Seed had made a six-episode order for a third season of Husbands, which aired on August 15, 2013. No forthcoming seasons have since been announced.", "Q266901": "Megyn Price (born March 24, 1971) is an American actress, best known for her roles on television as Claudia Finnerty in the FOX Network/WB sitcom Grounded for Life (2001\u201305), Audrey Bingham on the CBS sitcom Rules of Engagement (2007\u201313), and Mary Roth on the Netflix sitcom The Ranch (2016\u20132020).", "Q3732265": "Ernesto Illy (July 18, 1925 \u2013 February 3, 2008) was an Italian food chemist and businessman, known as the chairman of the Illycaff\u00e8 S.p.A coffee manufacturer. He was deeply and widely respected, and is considered \"an absolute giant\" in the world of coffee and espresso, He spearheaded Illy's research into coffee and espresso quality, as summarized in his son Andrea's book, Espresso: The Chemistry of Quality, which was written with Ernesto's assistance.", "Q56894": "Christopher P. McKay is a planetary scientist at NASA Ames Research Center, studying planetary atmospheres, astrobiology, and terraforming. McKay majored in physics at Florida Atlantic University, where he also studied mechanical engineering, graduating in 1975, and received his PhD in astrogeophysics from the University of Colorado in 1982.", "Q77682": "Dr. Lale Akg\u00fcn (born 17 September 1953 in Istanbul, Turkey) is a German politician of Turkish origin and member of the SPD. She served as an MP for Cologne II electoral district in the German Bundestag from 2002 to 2009.", "Q4039": "Arthur Ira Garfunkel (born November 5, 1941) is an American singer, poet, and actor. He is best known for his partnership with Paul Simon in the folk rock duo Simon & Garfunkel.\nHighlights of his solo music career include a top 10 hit, three top 20 hits, six top 40 hits, 14 Adult Contemporary top 30 singles, five Adult Contemporary number ones, two UK number ones and a People's Choice Award. Through his solo and collaborative work, Garfunkel has earned eight Grammys, including a Lifetime Achievement Award. In 1990, he and Simon were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2008,\nGarfunkel was ranked 86th in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time.", "Q57552": "Alexander Lvovich Parvus, born Israel Lazarevich Gelfand (September 8, 1867 \u2013 December 12, 1924) and sometimes called Helphand in the literature of the Russian Revolution, was a Marxist theoretician, revolutionary, and controversial activist in the Social Democratic Party of Germany.", "Q83065": "Leicester ( (listen) LEST-\u0259r) is a city and unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England, and the county town of Leicestershire. The city lies on the River Soar and close to the eastern end of the National Forest. It is to the north-east of Birmingham and Coventry, south of Nottingham, and west of Peterborough.\nThe 2016 mid year estimate of the population of the City of Leicester unitary authority was 348,300, an increase of approximately 18,500 ( 5.6%) from the 2011 census figure of 329,839, making it the most populous municipality in the East Midlands region. The associated urban area is also the 11th most populous in England and the 13th most populous in the United Kingdom.Leicester is at the intersection of two major railway lines\u2014the north\u2013south Midland Main Line and the east/west Birmingham to London Stansted CrossCountry line; as well as the confluence of the M1/M69 motorways and the A6/A46 trunk routes. Leicester is the home to football club Leicester City and rugby club Leicester Tigers.", "Q325186": "The National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (Dutch: Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland, Dutch pronunciation: [n\u0251tsjo\u02d0\u02c8na\u02d0l so\u02d0\u0283a\u02d0\u02c8l\u026astis\u0259 b\u0259\u02c8\u028be\u02d0\u0263\u026a\u014b \u026an \u02c8ne\u02d0d\u0259rl\u0251nt], NSB) was a Dutch fascist and later Nazi political party that called itself a \u201cmovement\u201d. As a parliamentary party participating in legislative elections, the NSB had some success during the 1930s. It remained the only legal party in the Netherlands during most of the Second World War.", "Q4747891": "Amos Barr Hostetter Jr. (born January 12, 1937) is an American businessman, who was the founder, chairman, and CEO of Continental Cablevision. With an estimated current net worth of around $2.6 billion, he is ranked by Forbes as the 521st richest person in the world as of 2012. He has also served as the chairman of C-SPAN.\n\n", "Q570486": "S\u00f6lden is a municipality in the \u00d6tztal valley of Tyrol, Austria.\n\n", "Q5333": "Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, (14 November 1797 \u2013 22 February 1875) was a Scottish geologist who demonstrated the power of known natural causes in explaining Earth's history. He is best known as the author of Principles of Geology (1830\u201333), which presented to a wide public audience the idea that Earth was shaped by the same natural processes still in operation today, operating at similar intensities. The philosopher William Whewell termed this gradualistic view \"uniformitarianism\" and contrasted it with catastrophism, which had been championed by Georges Cuvier and was better accepted in Europe. The combination of evidence and eloquence in Principles convinced a wide range of readers of the significance of \"deep time\" for understanding the Earth and environment.Lyell's scientific contributions included a pioneering explanation of climate change, in which shifting boundaries between oceans and continents could be used to explain long-term variations in temperature and rainfall. Lyell also gave influential explanations of earthquakes and developed the theory of gradual \"backed up-building\" of volcanoes. In stratigraphy his division of the Tertiary period into the Pliocene, Miocene, and Eocene was highly influential. He incorrectly conjectured that icebergs may be the emphasis behind the transport of glacial erratics, and that silty loess deposits might have settled out of flood waters. His creation of a separate period for human history, entitled the 'Recent', is widely cited as providing the foundations for the modern discussion of the Anthropocene.Building on the innovative work of James Hutton and his follower John Playfair, Lyell favoured an indefinitely long age for the Earth, despite evidence suggesting an old but finite age. He was a close friend of Charles Darwin, and contributed significantly to Darwin's thinking on the processes involved in evolution. As Darwin wrote in On the Origin of Species, \"He who can read Sir Charles Lyell's grand work on the Principles of Geology, which the future historian will recognise as having produced a revolution in natural science, yet does not admit how incomprehensibly vast have been the past periods of time, may at once close this volume.\" Lyell helped to arrange the simultaneous publication in 1858 of papers by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace on natural selection, despite his personal religious qualms about the theory. He later published evidence from geology of the time man had existed on Earth.\n\n", "Q345666": "Roger Fenton (28 March 1819 \u2013 8 August 1869) was a British photographer, noted as one of the first war photographers.\nFenton was born into a Lancashire merchant family. After graduating from London with an Arts degree, he became interested in painting and later developed a keen interest in the new technology of photography after seeing early examples of at The Great Exhibition in 1851. Within a year, he began exhibiting his own photographs. He became a leading British photographer and instrumental in founding the Photographic Society (later the Royal Photographic Society). In 1854, he was commissioned to document events occurring in Crimea, where he became one of a small group of photographers to produce images of the final stages of the Crimean War.", "Q315051": "James Brolin (, born Craig Kenneth Bruderlin; July 18, 1940) is an American actor, producer, and director. He is the father of actor Josh Brolin and husband of Barbra Streisand. Brolin has won two Golden Globes and an Emmy. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on August 27, 1998.", "Q1385135": "Raymond Cooper (born 19 August or September 1947) is an English musician. He is a session and road-tour percussionist, and occasional actor, who has worked with several musically diverse bands and artists including George Harrison, Billy Joel, Rick Wakeman, Eric Clapton, Pink Floyd and Elton John. Cooper absorbed the influence of rock drummers from the 1960s and 1970s such as Ginger Baker, Carmine Appice and John Bonham. Incorporation of unusual instruments (for rock drummers of the time) such as cowbells, glockenspiel and tubular bells, along with several standard kit elements, helped create a highly varied setup.\nContinually modified to this day, Cooper's percussion set offers a large array of percussion instruments for sonic diversity such as the tambourine, congas, crash cymbals, cowbells, rototoms, tubular bells, the gong, snare drum and timpani.", "Q67485": "Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus (3 May 1797 \u2013 17 February 1884) was a German geographer and cartographer.", "Q211545": "Journey 2: The Mysterious Island is a 2012 American science fiction comedy adventure film directed by Brad Peyton and produced by Beau Flynn, Tripp Vinson and Charlotte Huggins. It is the sequel to Journey to the Center of the Earth (2008). Following the first film, the sequel is based on another Jules Verne novel, The Mysterious Island. The film stars Dwayne \"The Rock\" Johnson, Michael Caine, Josh Hutcherson, Vanessa Hudgens, Luis Guzm\u00e1n, and Kristin Davis. The story was written by Richard Outten, Brian Gunn and Mark Gunn, and the screenplay by Brian and Mark Gunn. Journey 2: The Mysterious Island was released in cinemas on February 10, 2012 by Warner Bros. Pictures, New Line Cinema and Walden Media to mixed reviews, but became a box office success with a worldwide gross of nearly $335 million, surpassing its predecessor. Journey 2: The Mysterious Island was released on DVD/Blu-ray on June 5, 2012.", "Q47755": "Imre Kert\u00e9sz (Hungarian: [\u02c8imr\u025b \u02c8k\u025brte\u02d0s]; 9 November 1929 \u2013 31 March 2016) was a Hungarian author and recipient of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Literature, \"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history\". He was the first Hungarian to win the Nobel in Literature. His works deal with themes of Nazi Holocaust (he was a survivor of a German concentration camp), dictatorship and personal freedom. He died on 31 March 2016, aged 86, at his home in Budapest after suffering from Parkinson's disease for several years.", "Q66943": "Jens is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q188874": "Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine). A cancer is the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Signs and symptoms may include blood in the stool, a change in bowel movements, weight loss, and feeling tired all the time.Most colorectal cancers are due to old age and lifestyle factors, with only a small number of cases due to underlying genetic disorders. Other risk factors include diet, obesity, smoking, and lack of physical activity. Dietary factors that increase the risk include red meat, processed meat, and alcohol. Another risk factor is inflammatory bowel disease, which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Some of the inherited genetic disorders that can cause colorectal cancer include familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer; however, these represent less than 5% of cases. It typically starts as a benign tumor, often in the form of a polyp, which over time becomes cancerous.Bowel cancer may be diagnosed by obtaining a sample of the colon during a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. This is then followed by medical imaging to determine if the disease has spread. Screening is effective for preventing and decreasing deaths from colorectal cancer. Screening, by one of a number of methods, is recommended starting from the age of 50 to 75. During colonoscopy, small polyps may be removed if found. If a large polyp or tumor is found, a biopsy may be performed to check if it is cancerous. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease the risk. Their general use is not recommended for this purpose, however, due to side effects.Treatments used for colorectal cancer may include some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Cancers that are confined within the wall of the colon may be curable with surgery, while cancer that has spread widely is usually not curable, with management being directed towards improving quality of life and symptoms. The five-year survival rate in the United States is around 65%. The individual likelihood of survival depends on how advanced the cancer is, whether or not all the cancer can be removed with surgery and the person's overall health. Globally, colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer, making up about 10% of all cases. In 2018, there were 1.09 million new cases and 551,000 deaths from the disease. It is more common in developed countries, where more than 65% of cases are found. It is less common in women than men.", "Q20916": "The Liberty Korea Party (Korean: \uc790\uc720\ud55c\uad6d\ub2f9; Hanja: \u81ea\u7531\u97d3\u570b\u9ee8; RR: Jayuhangukdang) was a conservative political party in South Korea that was described variously as right-wing, right-wing populist, or far-right. Until February 2017, it was known as the Saenuri Party (Korean: \uc0c8\ub204\ub9ac\ub2f9), and before that as the Hannara Party (Korean: \ud55c\ub098\ub77c\ub2f9; lit. Grand National Party) from 1997 to 2012, both of which are still colloquially used to refer to the party. The party formerly held a plurality of seats in the 20th Assembly before its ruling status was transferred to the Democratic Party of Korea on December 27, 2016, following the creation of the splinter Bareun Party by former Saenuri members who distanced themselves from President Park Geun-hye in the 2016 South Korean political scandal.", "Q652847": "Ralph Santolla (December 8, 1966 \u2013 June 7, 2018) was an Italian-American heavy metal guitarist. He played in many bands, most recently Deicide, but also including Eyewitness, Death (he never recorded any of their albums, but toured with them in 1993 and appeared in \"The Philosopher\" video), Millenium, Iced Earth, and the Sebastian Bach band. In 2007, he replaced Allen West in Obituary for their album Xecutioner's Return. Santolla was very proud of his Italian heritage and he played guitars by Jackson and Ibanez with the Italian flag painted on them. He most recently played Jackson Guitars, though he had also been associated with ESP Guitars, Dean Guitars and many others. He also used Randall Amplifiers. He was well known for his shred guitar playing style.", "Q482162": "Louis Am\u00e9d\u00e9e Eug\u00e8ne Achard (19 April 1814 \u2013 25 March 1875) was a prolific French novelist.\nAchard was born in Marseille. After a short stay near Algiers, where he supervised a farm, he went to Toulouse, and then Marseille, where he became a journalist and wrote for the S\u00e9maphore. He moved to Paris, where he wrote for the Vert-Vert, the Entracte, the Charivari, and the \u00c9poque. Achard wrote extensively for the \u00c9poque, even writing for his colleagues when they lacked inspiration. He then collaborated in the satirical journal Le Pamphlet, and was gravely wounded in a duel with a man named Fiorentino, whom he had defamed. While still convalescent, he left for Italy with the French Army to cover the war for the Journal des D\u00e9bats.\nAchard was a prolific writer. In addition to his journalism, he wrote about thirty plays and about forty books. He is known today primarily for his cloak and dagger novels. Some incorrectly claim that he was the originator of the term (Ponson du Terrail used the term a little before him), but he did write a novel called la Cape et l'\u00c9p\u00e9e (The Cloak and Dagger) in 1875. Achard also wrote many books on manners. He died, aged 60, in Paris.", "Q97004": "Kurt Kusenberg (June 24, 1904 \u2013 October 3, 1983) was a German author of short stories.\nKusenberg was born in Gothenburg, Sweden.\nHis father was an engineer, who worked in various countries, so Kusenberg grew up in Lisboa, Portugal, and also lived with his parents in North Africa for some time. He studied fine arts in Munich. While working for the publishers such as Rowohlt as an editor, he wrote nearly seventy short stories. They are unique in the way that dream, reality, humour, and the absolute fantastic are mixed.\nKusenberg died in Hamburg in 1983, aged 79.\nIn 2004, on the eve of the 100th anniversary of his birth, a new collection of stories was published.", "Q110185": "George sheep shagger Phillips (6 September 1804 \u2013 6 September 1872) was a German canon lawyer.", "Q1738643": "Kenneth Edward Mellons (born July 10, 1965) is an American country music artist who released his self-titled debut album in 1994. This album produced the single \"Jukebox Junkie\", a Top Ten hit on the Hot Country Songs charts. Mellons followed up his debut album with three more albums \u2014 1995's Where Forever Begins, 2001's The Best of Ken Mellons and 2004's Sweet \u2014 in addition to charting six more singles on the country charts.", "Q7524": "Sue Gardner (born May 11, 1967) is a Canadian journalist, not-for-profit executive and business executive. She was the executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation from December 2007 until May 2014, and before that was the director of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's website and online news outlets.\nIn 2012, she was ranked as the 70th-most powerful woman in the world by Forbes magazine. In 2013, she joined the board of Global Voices. In May 2015, the Tor Project announced that Gardner would be assisting the project with the development of their long-term organizational strategy. In 2018, she was announced as executive director of The Markup. Gardner left this position in May 2019.", "Q457993": "Varina Anne Banks Howell Davis (May 7, 1826 \u2013 October 16, 1906) was the only First Lady of the Confederate States of America, and the longtime second wife of President Jefferson Davis. She moved to the Presidential Mansion in Richmond, Virginia, in mid-1861, and lived there for the remainder of the American Civil War. Born and raised in the South and educated in Philadelphia, she had family on both sides of the conflict and unconventional views for a woman in her public role. She did not support the Confederacy's position on slavery and states' rights, and was ambivalent about the war.\nDavis became a writer after the American Civil War, completing her husband's memoir. She was recruited by Kate (Davis) Pulitzer, a distant cousin and wife of publisher Joseph Pulitzer, to write articles and eventually a regular column for the New York World. Widowed in 1889, Davis moved to New York City with her youngest daughter Winnie in 1891 to work at writing. She enjoyed urban life. In her old age, she attempted to reconcile prominent figures of the North and South.", "Q272960": "Stefanie Noelle Scott (born December 6, 1996) is an American actress and singer. Scott is best known for her roles as Quinn Brenner in the film Insidious: Chapter 3, Dana Tressler in the film Flipped, for which she won a 2011 Young Artist Award, and Lexi Reed on Disney Channel's A.N.T. Farm.\nScott's discography has consisted of her EP New Girl in Town (2009) some Disney Channel promotional singles, released between 2008 and 2012, and the 2015 movie soundtrack album from her role in Jem and the Holograms.", "Q449575": "Mary Ellen Mark (March 20, 1940 \u2013 May 25, 2015) was an American photographer known for her photojournalism, documentary photography, portraiture, and advertising photography. She photographed people who were \"away from mainstream society and toward its more interesting, often troubled fringes\".Mark had 18 collections of her work published, most notably Streetwise and Ward 81. Her work was exhibited at galleries and museums worldwide and widely published in Life, Rolling Stone, The New Yorker, New York Times, and Vanity Fair. She was a member of Magnum Photos between 1977 and 1981. She received numerous accolades, including three Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Awards, three fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, the 2014 Lifetime Achievement in Photography Award from the George Eastman House and the Outstanding Contribution Photography Award from the World Photography Organisation.", "Q6918663": "Mordechai (Motti) Mizrachi (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d5\u05d8\u05d9 \u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05d9\u200e, born 1946) is an Israeli multimedia artist who creates politically engaged conceptual works that combine sculpture, video, photography, public art and performance. Dough, Via Dolorosa (1973) and Healing (1980) marked the emergence of avant-garde Israeli performance and video art. Since the 1980s, he has created numerous site specific public sculptures.", "Q101088": "Manfred Purzer (born 13 April 1931) is a German screenwriter and film director. He wrote 27 films between 1955 and 1993. In 1974, he was a member of the jury at the 24th Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q65292": "Herman Grimm (6 January 1828, in Kassel \u2013 16 June 1901, in Berlin) was a German academic and writer.\nGrimm's father was Wilhelm Grimm (1786-1859), and his uncle Jakob Grimm (1785-1863), the philologist compilers of indigenous folk tales (\"Brothers Grimm\"). His other uncle was the painter engraver Ludwig Emil Grimm (1790-1863). Herman Grimm is believed to have had only one (known) child at a young age, Martin Grimm. From 1841 Herman attended the Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium in Berlin. He belonged to a clique associated with Bettina von Arnim (1785-1859), wife of the late poet Achim von Arnim (1781-1831), and started publishing drama and novels. He began legal and philological studies at the universities of Berlin and Bonn. \nIn 1857 he visited Rome where the artistic circle of Peter von Cornelius brought his interests to art. In 1859, he married Gisela von Arnim (1827-1889), the Arnim's daughter, and published his treatise, Die Akademie der K\u00fcnste und das Verh\u00e4ltni\u00df der K\u00fcnstler zum Staate. His short-lived periodical, \u00fcber K\u00fcnstler und Kunstwerke (1864-1867), published many important essays. It also contained some of the first photographic illustrations of art in a magazine. The first volume of his biography of Michelangelo, Das Leben Michelangelos, began appearing in 1868. He wrote his dissertation in 1868 from Leipzig and his habilitation (1870) in Berlin. In 1871 he weighed in on the Hans Holbein \"Meyer Madonna\" debate concluding against the sound reasoning of the \"Holbein convention\" of eminent scholars, that the Dresden version was the autograph one. \nHe accepted the chair in the newly created discipline of history of art (Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Kunstgeschichte) in Berlin in 1872 and remained there the rest of his life. Grimm published the first (though incomplete) edition of his Das Leben Raphaels in 1872. Grimm's art history writing is characteristic of the period consolidation of standards following unification of Germany, known as the Gr\u00fcnderzeit. When Friedrich Waagen, for example, criticized in the early issues of the Zeitschrift f\u00fcr bildende Kunst, Goethe's aesthetic taste of some fifty years before, Grimm, the spokesman for the Gr\u00fcnderzeit, took it personally, refuting Waagen effectively point by point. Grimm's Beitr\u00e4ge zur deutschen Culturgeschichte, essays about important cultural personalities, appeared in 1897. Throughout his life his biographies passed through numerous editions. At his death he was succeeded by Heinrich W\u00f6lfflin. His students included Alfred Lichtwark; Julius Meier-Graefe studied under him but did not receive a degree.\nGrimm's reputation is that of the arch-Romantic, Gr\u00fcnderzeit art historian. He viewed himself as the intellectual successor of Goethe. His approach to art history was through the \"Great Masters\", and arranging significance of art through a biographical account of art history. His tastes both typified and led German and continental bourgeois taste. Homer, Dante and Shakespeare were the great writers of their age; in art, only Raphael and Michelangelo could compare. The nineteenth century's adoration of Raphael is in large part Grimm's doing. W\u00f6lfflin wrote that Grimm showed indifference to all but the very great. This approach to art history is shared by other historians of his time, including Carl Justi, but was personally savaged in the lectures of Anton Springer. Grimm was one of the first to carefully study reception theory, though this aspect of his work is seldom considered. In the 3rd edition of his life of Raphael (1896) he added a section on Rezeptionsgeschichte. Perhaps because formal analysis and the sanctity of viewing the original work of art mattered so little to him, he was among the first to use lantern slides (reproductive images) in his lectures. Grimm's writings were gradually supplanted by superior scholarship in the twentieth century. His emotional approach to art-historical debate, as evidenced by the Holbein Madonna incident, proved his allegiances were usually closer to nationalism than art history. In Germany, his concept of the [German] hero as a mover of history was embraced by the Nazis, who saw to it that new and repackaged versions of his writings, such as Vom Geist der Deutschen (1943), appeared up until the war's end.", "Q2217675": "Extasy Records is a Japanese record label founded in April 1986 by Yoshiki Hayashi, co-founder of the heavy metal band X Japan. The label's first release was X's 1986 single \"Orgasm\".Over the next few years, the label signed several then-little-known bands, among them future million-selling Glay and Luna Sea. Extasy along with Free-Will are credited with helping to spread the visual kei movement. The label also hosted a series of events to promote the groups, called Extasy Summits, which would also feature formerly signed bands that had already moved on to a major label.", "Q117832": "Camilo Olaviano Os\u00edas (born Camilo Osias y Olaviano; March 23, 1889 Balaoan, La Union \u2013 May 20, 1976 Manila) was a Filipino politician, twice for a short time President of the Senate of the Philippines.", "Q429281": "Renata Dancewicz (born 7 February 1969 in Leszno, Poland) is a Polish actress and member of the Polish Bridge Union. In 1988 she graduated from the 1st Miko\u0142aj Kopernik High School in Lubin. In 2006 Dancewicz danced in the Taniec z Gwiazdami (Polish version of the Dancing with the Stars).\nShe's an atheist.", "Q106081": "Friedrich von Lindequist (born 15 September 1862 in Wostevitz on R\u00fcgen; died 25 June 1945 at Macherslust near Eberswalde, Germany) was a high colonial official of the German Reich. He served as Governor of German South West Africa from November 1905 until 20 May 1907. During his tenure as Governor he introduced Karakul breeding to the white settlers of the German colony.Lindequist later served in the Reichskolonialamt of Imperial Germany, as Undersecretary of State from 1907 to 1910. While serving in this post, he \"led a commission to the highlands of German East Africa to study the feasibility of expanded settlement from Germany in the colony.\" He served as Secretary of State in 1910 and 1911. He also served in high political offices during the Third Reich.", "Q64832": "Elsau is a municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q440551": "Catherine Roseanne Dennis (born 25 March 1969) is a British singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. After a moderately successful international solo career, Dennis later achieved great success as a writer of pop songs, scoring eight UK number ones and winning five Ivor Novello Awards.In 2004, Dennis was listed 66th in the Q Magazine list of the top 100 most influential people in music and in 2006, she won the UK music industry's Woman of the Year Award.", "Q863073": "William Harold Dean Jr. (born April 2, 1962) is an American country music singer and songwriter.\nHe first gained national attention after appearing on the television talent competition Star Search. Active as a recording artist since 1990, he has recorded a total of eight studio albums (of which the first three have been certified gold by the RIAA) and a greatest hits package which is also certified gold. His studio albums have accounted for more than 20 hit singles on the Billboard country charts, including 11 Top Ten hits.\nIn 2000, he had a Billboard Number one as a guest artist along with Alison Krauss on Kenny Rogers' \"Buy Me a Rose\", and had two Number Ones on the RPM country charts in Canada.", "Q822749": "Bernard Vernier-Palliez (2 March 1918 \u2013 12 December 1999) was a French businessman, diplomat, and French Ambassador to the United States, from 1982 to 1984.He was chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Renault Automobiles, from 1975 to 1981.\n\n", "Q347717": "Joe Bonamassa (born May 8, 1977) is an American blues rock guitarist, singer and songwriter. He started his career at age 12, when he opened for B.B. King. In the last 13 years Bonamassa has put out 15 solo albums through his independent record label J&R Adventures, of which 11 have reached number 1 on the Billboard Blues charts.Bonamassa has played alongside many notable blues and rock artists, and earned a Grammy Award nomination in 2013. Among guitarists, he is known for his extensive collection of vintage guitars and amplifiers.", "Q88642": "Dr Hans Helmut Stoiber (11 October 1918 \u2013 10 January 2015) was an Austrian poet. He was born in Zell am See. In 1936 he won a bronze medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his \"Der Diskus\" (\"The Discus\").", "Q243203": "Publius Papinius Statius (; c. 45 \u2013 c. 96 AD) was a Roman poet of the 1st century AD. His surviving Latin poetry includes an epic in twelve books, the Thebaid; a collection of occasional poetry, the Silvae; and an unfinished epic, the Achilleid. He is also known for his appearance as a guide in the Purgatory section of Dante's epic poem, the Divine Comedy.", "Q159585": "Boris III (Bulgarian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u045d\u0441 III; 30 January [O.S. 18 January] 1894 \u2013 28 August 1943), originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver (Boris Clement Robert Mary Pius Louis Stanislaus Xavier), was the Tsar of the Kingdom of Bulgaria from 1918 until his death.\nThe eldest son of Ferdinand I, Boris assumed the throne upon the abdication of his father in the wake of Bulgaria's defeat in World War I. Under the 1919 Treaty of Neuilly, Bulgaria was forced to, amongst other things, cede various territories, pay crippling war reparations, and greatly reduce the size of its military. That same year, Aleksandar Stamboliyski of the agrarian Bulgarian Agrarian National Union became prime minister. After Stamboliyski was overthrown in a coup in 1923, Boris recognized the new government of Aleksandar Tsankov, who harshly suppressed the Bulgarian Communist Party and lead the nation through a brief border war with Greece. Tsankov was removed from power in 1926, and a series of prime ministers followed until 1934, when the corporatist Zveno movement staged a coup and outlawed all political parties. Boris opposed the Zveno government and overthrew them in 1935, eventually installing Georgi Kyoseivanov as prime minister. For the remainder of his reign, Boris would rule as a de facto absolute monarch, with his prime ministers largely submitting to his will.\nFollowing the outbreak of World War II, Bulgaria initially remained neutral. In 1940, Bogdan Filov replaced Kyoseivanov as prime minister, becoming the last prime minister to serve under Boris. Later that year, with the support of Nazi Germany, Bulgaria received the region of Southern Dobrudja from Romania as part of the Treaty of Craiova. In January 1941, Boris approved the anti-Semitic Law for Protection of the Nation, which denied citizenship to Bulgarian Jews and placed numerous restrictions upon them. In March, Bulgaria joined the Axis. In exchange, Bulgaria received large portions of Macedonia and Thrace, both of which were key targets of Bulgarian irredentism. Boris refused to participate in the German invasion of the Soviet Union and partially resisted German attempts to deport Bulgarian Jews as part of the Holocaust. In 1942, Zveno, the Agrarian National Union, the Bulgarian Communist Party, and various other far-left groups united to form a resistance movement known as the Fatherland Front, which would later go on to overthrow the government in 1944. In August 1943, shortly after returning from a visit to Germany, Boris died at the age of 49. His six-year-old son, Simeon II, succeeded him as tsar.", "Q97762": "Adolph von Hansemann (27 July 1826 \u2013 9 December 1903) was an Imperial German businessman and banker.", "Q58113": "Kostyantyn Gryshchenko (also spelled Hryshchenko; Ukrainian: \u041a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; born 28 October 1953) is a former Ukrainian diplomat and politician. Since Ukraine gained independence, Kostyantyn Gryshchenko has served in a succession of senior positions with responsibilities ranging from arms control and regional security to education and public health. He served as Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine (2012\u20132014), Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine (2003\u20132005 and 2010\u20132012) and First Deputy Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine (2008\u20132010).\nAmbassadorial appointments include: Head of Mission of Ukraine to NATO and the Ambassador of Ukraine to Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg (1998\u20132000), Ambassador to the United States (2000\u20132003) and Ambassador to the Russian Federation (2008\u20132010). \nIn addition to his posts in the Ukrainian Government, Kostyantyn Gryshchenko participated in personal capacity in a number of high-profile bodies focused chiefly on various aspects of regional and international security: 1991 \u2013Deputy Chief Inspector for biological weapons of the United Nations Special Commission in Iraq (UNSCOM); 1995\u20131998 \u2013Member of Council of Founders, Geneva Center for Security Policy; 1999\u20132003 Member of the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters to the UN Secretary General (in 2003 \u2013Chairman of the Board); 2000\u20132003 \u2013Member, United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) and 2003\u20132006, Member of the Board of Directors of Transatlantic Partners Against AIDS.\nKostyantyn Gryshchenko holds the diplomatic rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.\n\n", "Q247065": "Z\u00e1vi\u0161 ze Zap (c. 1350 in Z\u00e1py \u2013 c. 1411) was a Czech theologian and composer.", "Q1013851": "Key the Metal Idol (\u30ad\u30a3\u30fb\u30b6\u30fb\u30e1\u30bf\u30eb\u30fb\u30a2\u30a4\u30c9\u30eb, Kii Za Metaru Aidoru) is a Japanese original video animation (OVA) series that was released from December 1994 to June 1997. The series consists of fifteen episodes divided into four parts. First Program consists of episodes 1 through 7. Second Program is 8 through 13. Third Program and Final Program are films 1 and 2 (a.k.a. episodes 14 and 15) respectively. Key is a serious and somewhat dark drama with elements of mecha and science fiction.\nThe central character of the story is Tokiko Mima (nicknamed \"Key\"), who believes herself to be a robot crafted by her scientist grandfather, Murao Mima. Every year, on her birthday, Key believes Dr. Mima builds her a new body, each one size larger. Upon his deathbed, Mima records his will on audio tape, revealing that Key can become human with the aid of 30,000 friends. Key believes she must do this quickly before her battery runs down. The series details the slow unraveling of Key's identity and a secret conspiracy bent on controlling her unique supernatural abilities she develops over the course of the narrative.", "Q83717": "Kayhan Kalhor (Kurdish: \u06a9\u06d5\u06cc\u06be\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d5\u0644\u06be\u0648\u0631 ,Keyhan Kelhur ,\u06a9\u06d5\u06cc\u06be\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d5\u06b5\u06be\u0648\u0695\u200e, Persian: \u0643\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0631\u200e) (born 24 November 1963 in Kermanshah, Iran) is a Kurdish kamancheh player from Iran, composer and master of classical Kurdish and Persian traditional music.", "Q104696": "Timur Seyfettin \u00d6lmez (born 10 August 1971) better known as Tim Seyfi, is a Turkish-German actor. In 2017 he played his first leading role as Commissioner Pascha in a TV series of the same name.", "Q462096": "Marcian Edward \"Ted\" Hoff Jr. (born October 28, 1937 in Rochester, New York) is one of the inventors of the microprocessor.\n\n", "Q315737": "Robert Laurel Crippen (born September 11, 1937) is an American retired naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aerospace engineer, and retired astronaut. He traveled into space four times: as Pilot of STS-1 in April 1981, the first Space Shuttle mission; and as Commander of STS-7 in June 1983, STS-41-C in April 1984, and STS-41-G in October 1984. Crippen received the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.\nCrippen participated in the recovery operations for the remains of crew members after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.", "Q353762": "Juan Goytisolo Gay (6 January 1931 \u2013 4 June 2017) was a Spanish poet, essayist, and novelist. He lived in Marrakech from 1997 until his death in 2017.\nHe was considered Spain's greatest living writer at the beginning of the 21st century, yet he had lived abroad since the 1950s.\nOn 24 November 2014 he was awarded the Cervantes Prize, the most prestigious literary award in the Spanish-speaking world.", "Q114485": "Kurt Blachy (1897\u20131980) was a German actor and film director.", "Q700873": "Steve Chen (Chinese: \u9673\u4e16\u537f; pinyin: Ch\u00e9n Sh\u00ecq\u012bng) (born 1944 in Taiwan) is a Taiwanese computer engineer and internet entrepreneur.\n\n", "Q445429": "Janet Miriam Holland Taylor Caldwell (September 7, 1900 \u2013 August 30, 1985) was a British-born American novelist and prolific author of popular fiction, also known by the pen names Marcus Holland and Max Reiner, and by her married name of J. Miriam Reback.\nIn her fiction, she often used real historical events or persons. Taylor Caldwell's best-known works include Dynasty of Death, Dear and Glorious Physician (about Saint Luke), Ceremony of the Innocent, Pillar of Iron, The Earth is the Lord's (about Genghis Khan) and Captains and the Kings. Her last major novel, Answer As a Man, appeared in 1980.", "Q238869": "Elsa Lunghini, stage name Elsa (born 20 May 1973), is a French singer and actress. She was a teenage pop-star in the late-1980s. In 1986, she was the youngest singer to reach number one in the French charts, with the single T'en va pas, and she went on to sell millions of records during the decade. Elsa, her album of 1988, had achieved double-platinum status by 1993.", "Q4696212": "Tevfik Ahmet \u00d6zal (born 3 December 1955) is a Turkish politician, the son of former Turkish President and Prime Minister Turgut \u00d6zal and a member of the \u00d6zal family. He has been an MP, and co-founded the Uzan Group and later the \u00d6zal Group.", "Q295123": "Guillaume Depardieu (7 April 1971 \u2013 13 October 2008) was a French actor, winner of a C\u00e9sar Award, and the oldest child of G\u00e9rard Depardieu.", "Q1938272": "Mirko Dorner (March 7, 1921, Budapest \u2013 May 2, 2004, Essen) was a German-Hungarian cellist, composer and painter, raised in Belgrade.\nDorner was trained at the Belgrade Conservatory and the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia (1939\u201342). He then returned to Belgrade, teaching at its Conservatory before settling in 1954 in Germany as the cello soloist at the Berlin Philharmonic and a professor at the Berlin University of the Arts. In the meantime Dorner won the 1949 Concours de Geneve and the 1952 Vercelli's Viotti competition.", "Q443058": "Junko Sakurada (\u685c\u7530 \u6df3\u5b50, Sakurada Junko, born 1958) is a Japanese singer and actress. She was part of a music trio in 1973, which included Momoe Yamaguchi and Masako Mori. Sakurada then became successful in a solo music career, with 18 top ten singles in the 1970s. Her acting career ran from 1973 to 1993. She received multiple awards for her acting roles, including the Hochi Film Award, Award of the Japanese Academy, Kinema Junpo Award, and Mainichi Film Concours. Following her marriage, in a Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church in 1992, she retired from performing. In 2013, Junko Sakurada made a comeback.\n\n", "Q738334": "Dmitry Konstantinovich Chernov (or Tchernov, Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432; November 1 [O.S. 1839] 1839 Saint-Petersburg - January 2, 1921 Yalta) was a Russian metallurgist. He is known by his discovery of polymorphous transformations in steel and the iron-carbon phase diagram. This discovery is the beginning of scientific metallography.", "Q285330": "Kristina Edmundovna Orbakait\u0435 (Russian: \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u042d\u0434\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, Lithuanian: Kristina Orbakait\u0117, born 25 May 1971), better known as Kristina Orbakaite, is a Russian-Lithuanian singer and actress. Her parents are Russian pop star Alla Pugacheva and Lithuanian circus performer Mykolas Orbakas.", "Q174371": "127 Hours is a 2010 British biographical survival drama film co-written, produced and directed by Danny Boyle. The film stars James Franco, Kate Mara, Amber Tamblyn and Cl\u00e9mence Po\u00e9sy. In the film, canyoneer Aron Ralston must find a way to escape after he gets trapped by a boulder in an isolated slot canyon in Bluejohn Canyon, southeastern Utah, in April 2003. It is a British and American venture produced by Everest Entertainment, Film4 Productions, HandMade Films and Cloud Eight Films.\nThe film, based on Ralston's memoir Between a Rock and a Hard Place (2004), was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy, co-produced by Christian Colson and John Smithson, and scored by A. R. Rahman. Beaufoy, Colson, and Rahman had all previously worked with Boyle on Slumdog Millionaire (2008). 127 Hours was well received by critics and audiences and was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Franco and Best Picture.\nThe film's title refers to the period of non-stop activity from when Ralston awoke on the day of his accident to when he was put under anesthesia during his rescue.", "Q105588": "Daniel Lessmann (January 18, 1794 in Soldin, Neumark \u2013 Sept. 2, 1831 between Kropstadt and Wittenberg) was a German historian and poet.\nBorn to Jewish parents, he attended Joachimsthalsches Gymnasium and went on to study medicine in Berlin. His studies were put on hold in 1813 when he joined the volunteers against Napoleon. He was wounded at the Battle of Lutzen (May 2, 1813), recovered, and remained in service until the end of the war.\nAfter the war he continued his medical studies and became a private tutor in Vienna in 1820, then in Verona in 1823. He settled in Berlin in 1824 to devote himself to freelance writing and contributed to the more important literary journals of the Restoration period. He also converted to Christianity during the same period. His work consisted of historical essays, short stories, poetry, and scenes of life in the southern countries he had visited. A collection of poems were published in Berlin in 1824 under the title, \u201cAmathusia\u201d.\nHis literary work was influenced by Heinrich Heine, whom he became acquainted with and whose letters to Moses Moser frequently mention the aspiring writer. Lessmann took part in various literary circles and was a witty storyteller. His prose work include \u201cLouise von Halling,\u201d 1827, which was read by Goethe, and \u201cDie Heidemuhle,\u201d published several years after his death. His translations of \u201cThe Nun of Monza\u201d by Gioachino Rossini and \u201cThe Betrothed\u201d by Alessandro Manzoni were major contributions to the introduction of modern Italian literature to Germany. He also wrote several volumes of history, some of which are only found in manuscript form.\nIn the seven years of his publishing career (1824\u20131830) Lessmann became deeply depressed as his aspirations of becoming a great literary figure were dulled by a disappointed public. In 1824 Lessmann converted to Christianity. According to a letter from Moser to Heine, Lessmann converted so that he might realize his hopes of literary success. The conversion did nothing to boost his literary career and his situation seemed hopeless. In 1831, on a walk from Berlin to Leipzig and Dresden with a new manuscript, trying to find a publisher, Lessmann hanged himself.", "Q82409": "Samuel Taylor Coleridge (; 21 October 1772 \u2013 25 July 1834) was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher and theologian who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets. He also shared volumes and collaborated with Charles Lamb, Robert Southey, and Charles Lloyd. He wrote the poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan, as well as the major prose work Biographia Literaria. His critical work, especially on William Shakespeare, was highly influential, and he helped introduce German idealist philosophy to English-speaking culture. Coleridge coined many familiar words and phrases, including suspension of disbelief. He had a major influence on Ralph Waldo Emerson and American transcendentalism.\nThroughout his adult life Coleridge had crippling bouts of anxiety and depression; it has been speculated that he had bipolar disorder, which had not been defined during his lifetime. He was physically unhealthy, which may have stemmed from a bout of rheumatic fever and other childhood illnesses. He was treated for these conditions with laudanum, which fostered a lifelong opium addiction.", "Q206987": "The vibraphone is a musical instrument in the struck idiophone subfamily of the percussion family. It consists of tuned metal bars and is usually played by holding two or four soft mallets and striking the bars. People who play the vibraphone are called vibraphonists or vibraharpists.\nThe vibraphone resembles any keyboard instrument. One of the main differences between the vibraphone and other mallet instruments is that each bar suspends over a resonator tube, usually with a motor-driven butterfly valve at the top. The valves connect together on a common axle, which produces a tremolo effect, sometimes incorrectly called vibrato, when the motor is activated to rotate the axle. The vibraphone also has a sustain pedal similar to a piano. With the pedal up, the bars produce a muted sound. With the pedal down, the bars sustain for several seconds, or until muted with the pedal.\nThe vibraphone is commonly used in jazz music, in which it often plays a featured role and was a defining element of the sound of mid-20th-century \"Tiki lounge\" exotica, as popularized by Arthur Lyman. It is the second most popular solo keyboard percussion instrument in classical music, after the marimba, and is part of the standard college-level percussion performance education. It is a standard instrument in the modern percussion section for orchestras and concert bands.", "Q66955": "Franz Xaver Haberl (12 April 1840, in Oberellenbach (today Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg), Lower Bavaria \u2013 5 September 1910, in Ratisbon) was a German musicologist, friend of Liszt, Perosi, and Singenberger, cleric, and student of Proske.\nHe made his classical and theological studies at Passau, Bavaria, where he was ordained priest, 12 August, 1862. Showing decided aptitude for music, he was given every opportunity for study of the art, and was entrusted with the direction of music in the seminary. From 1867 to 1870 Haberl resided in Rome, where he was active as choirmaster at the German national church, Santa Maria dell'Anima, and also made historical and arch\u00e6ological researches. From 1871 to 1882 he directed the choir at the Ratisbon cathedral, his incumbency forming one of the most brilliant periods in the history of this famous institute. \nWorking for church music reform, in 1874 Haberl founded a famous school for church musicians at Regensburg (Ratisbon). This school began with three professors\u2014Dr. Haberl, Dr. Jacob, and Canon Haller\u2014and only three pupils, and attracted reform-minded church music programs. Haberl not only secured permanency for the school in the shape of endowment, but he built next to it a church, dedicated to St. Cecilia, where pupils are given opportunities for practising the knowledge they have acquired in theory.\nHe fought for the Editio Medicea against the editions of Solesmes and others. In 1868 Haberl re-edited the Medic\u00e6a version of the Gregorian chant, and the Holy See declared his edition authentic and official for the Catholic Church. This form of the chant has since been superseded by the \"Editio Vaticana.\"\nWith Proske, he was a prime mover in the \"Caecilia Movement,\" and helped to edit the fourth volume of Musica Divina.\nFor thirty years he gathered data and material for a critical edition of the works of Palestrina, completed in 1908 in thirty-three volumes, the first ten of which were prepared by the joint labour of Th. de Witt, J.N. Rauch, Fr. Espagne, and Fr. Commer. A similar edition of the works of Orlando Lasso, undertaken by him in company with Dr. Sanberger, he left unfinished.\nAs president of the Allgemeiner C\u00e4cilien-Verband f\u00fcr Deutschland (Cecilian Society for Germany), which position he held from 1899 until his death, as editor of Musica sacra and Fliegende Bl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Kirchenmusik, the official organ of the society, as the author of Magister Choralis, now in the twelfth edition, and of innumerable articles on historical, theoretical, and scientific subjects, but especially as director of the school which he founded, Haberl championed the spirit and authority of the Church in musical matters against modernising influences. \nOne of Haberl's most famous students was Lorenzo Perosi.", "Q1590013": "Chaz Bear (formerly Chaz Bundick; November 7, 1986), known professionally as Toro y Moi, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and graphic designer. His music has taken on many forms since he began recording, but he is often identified with the rise of the chillwave movement in 2010 and 2011. His stage name is a multilingual expression consisting of the Spanish words toro and y (meaning \"bull\" and \"and\", respectively) and the French word moi (meaning \"me\").", "Q3290343": "Dione Lucas (10 October 1909 \u2013 18 December 1971) (pronounced DEE-OH-NEE) was an English chef, and the first female graduate of Le Cordon Bleu.", "Q211553": "Ken Watanabe (\u6e21\u8fba \u8b19, Watanabe Ken, born October 21, 1959) is a Japanese actor. To English-speaking audiences, he is known for playing tragic hero characters, such as General Tadamichi Kuribayashi in Letters from Iwo Jima and Lord Katsumoto Moritsugu in The Last Samurai, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Among other awards, he has won the Japan Academy Prize for Best Actor twice, in 2007 for Memories of Tomorrow and in 2010 for Shizumanu Taiy\u014d. He is also known for his roles in Christopher Nolan's films Batman Begins, Inception and Lt. Yoshida in Pok\u00e9mon Detective Pikachu.\nIn 2014, he starred in the reboot Godzilla as Dr. Ishiro Serizawa, a role he reprised in the sequel, Godzilla: King of the Monsters. He lent his voice to the fourth and fifth installments of the Transformers franchise respectively, Transformers: Age of Extinction and Transformers: The Last Knight, as Decepticon turned Autobot Drift.\nHe made his Broadway debut in April 2015 in Lincoln Center Theater's revival production of The King and I in the title role. In 2015, Watanabe received his first Tony Award nomination for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical at the 69th Tony Awards for his role as The King. He is the first Japanese actor to be nominated in this category. Watanabe reprised his role at the London Palladium in June 2018.", "Q453": "Borken is a town and the capital of the district of the same name, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.", "Q79875": "Mobile ( moh-BEEL, French: [m\u0254bil] (listen)) is the county seat of Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The population within the city limits was 195,111 as of the 2010 United States Census, making it the third most populous city in Alabama, the most populous in Mobile County, and the largest municipality on the Gulf Coast between New Orleans, Louisiana, and St. Petersburg, Florida.\nAlabama's only saltwater port, Mobile is located on the Mobile River at the head of the Mobile Bay and the north-central Gulf Coast. The Port of Mobile has always played a key role in the economic health of the city, beginning with the settlement as an important trading center between the French colonists and Native Americans, down to its current role as the 12th-largest port in the United States.Mobile is the principal municipality of the Mobile metropolitan area. This region of 412,992 residents is composed solely of Mobile County; it is the third-largest metropolitan statistical area in the state. Mobile is the largest city in the Mobile-Daphne\u2212Fairhope CSA, with a total population of 604,726, the second largest in the state. As of 2011, the population within a 60-mile (100 km) radius of Mobile is 1,262,907.Mobile was founded in 1702 by the French as the first capital of Louisiana. During its first 100 years, Mobile was a colony of France, then Britain, and lastly Spain. Mobile became a part of the United States in 1813, with the annexation by President James Madison of West Florida from Spain. The city surrendered to Federal forces on April 12, 1865, after Union victories at two forts protecting the city. This, along with the news of Johnston's surrender negotiations with Sherman, led Taylor to seek a meeting with his Union counterpart, Maj. Gen. Edward R. S. Canby. The two generals met several miles north of Mobile on May 2. After agreeing to a 48-hour truce, the generals enjoyed an al fresco luncheon of food, drink, and lively music. Canby offered Taylor the same terms agreed upon between Lee and Grant. Taylor accepted the terms and surrendered his command on May 4 at Citronelle, Alabama.Considered one of the Gulf Coast's cultural centers, Mobile has several art museums, a symphony orchestra, professional opera, professional ballet company, and a large concentration of historic architecture. Mobile is known for having the oldest organized Carnival or Mardi Gras celebrations in the United States. Its French Catholic colonial settlers celebrated this festival from the first decade of the 18th century. Beginning in 1830, Mobile was host to the first formally organized Carnival mystic society to celebrate with a parade in the United States. (In New Orleans such a group is called a krewe.)", "Q123559": "Al-Andalus was the name given by the Muslims during the Middle Ages to the Iberian Peninsula. At its greatest geographical extent, their territory occupied most of the peninsula and a part of present-day southern France, Septimania (8th century), and for nearly a century (9th\u201310th centuries) extended its control from Fraxinet over the Alpine passes which connect Italy with Western Europe. The name more specifically describes the different Arab or Berber states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492, though the boundaries changed constantly as the Christian Reconquista progressed, eventually shrinking to the south and finally to the vassalage of the Emirate of Granada.\nFollowing the Umayyad conquest of Hispania, al-Andalus, then at its greatest extent, was divided into five administrative units, corresponding roughly to modern Andalusia; Portugal and Galicia; Castile and Le\u00f3n; Navarre, Aragon, and Catalonia; and the Languedoc-Roussillon area of Occitanie. As a political domain, it successively constituted a province of the Umayyad Caliphate, initiated by the Caliph Al-Walid I (711\u2013750); the Emirate of C\u00f3rdoba (c. 750\u2013929); the Caliphate of C\u00f3rdoba (929\u20131031); and the Caliphate of C\u00f3rdoba's taifa (successor) kingdoms. Rule under these kingdoms led to a rise in cultural exchange and cooperation between Muslims and Christians. Christians and Jews were subject to a special tax called jizya, to the state, which in return provided internal autonomy in practicing their religion and offered the same level of protections by the Muslim rulers. \nUnder the Caliphate of C\u00f3rdoba, al-Andalus was a beacon of learning, and the city of C\u00f3rdoba, the largest in Europe, became one of the leading cultural and economic centres throughout the Mediterranean Basin, Europe, and the Islamic world. Achievements that advanced Islamic and Western science came from al-Andalus, including ibn Firnas's invention of the first glider and other major advances in trigonometry (Geber), astronomy (Arzachel), surgery (Abulcasis Al Zahrawi), pharmacology (Avenzoar), agronomy (Ibn Bassal and Ab\u016b l-Khayr al-Ishb\u012bl\u012b), and works of Averroes. Al-Andalus became a major educational center for Europe and the lands around the Mediterranean Sea as well as a conduit for cultural and scientific exchange between the Islamic and Christian worlds.For much of its history, al-Andalus existed in conflict with Christian kingdoms to the north. After the fall of the Umayyad caliphate, al-Andalus was fragmented into minor states and principalities. Attacks from the Christians intensified, led by the Castilians under Alfonso VI. The Almoravid empire intervened and repelled the Christian attacks on the region, deposing the weak Andalusi Muslim princes, and included al-Andalus under direct Berber rule. In the next century and a half, al-Andalus became a province of the Berber Muslim empires of the Almoravids and Almohads, both based in Marrakesh.\nUltimately, the Christian kingdoms in the north of the Iberian Peninsula overpowered the Muslim states to the south. In 1085, Alfonso VI captured Toledo, starting a gradual decline of Muslim power. With the fall of C\u00f3rdoba in 1236, most of the south quickly fell under Christian rule and the Emirate of Granada became a tributary state of the Kingdom of Castile two years later. In 1249, the Portuguese Reconquista culminated with the conquest of the Algarve by Afonso III, leaving Granada as the last Muslim state on the Iberian Peninsula. Finally, on January 2, 1492, Emir Muhammad XII surrendered the Emirate of Granada to Queen Isabella I of Castile, completing the Christian Reconquista of the peninsula.\n\n", "Q102597": "Albert Curtz (Curtius in Latin; 1600, Munich \u2013 December 19, 1671, Munich), was a German astronomer and member of the Society of Jesus. He expanded on the works of Tycho Brahe and used the pseudonym of Lucius Barrettus.", "Q4699651": "Ajay Piramal (born 3 August 1955) is an Indian billionaire industrialist, and the chairman of the Piramal Group, a conglomerate with interests in pharmaceutical, financial services, real estate, healthcare analytics and glass packaging.\nApart from India, the Piramal Group has presence in over 30 countries, including the US, the UK, the European Union, Japan, Asia-Pacific and South Asia, with its products being sold in over 100 markets.In 2010, the Company sold the domestic formulation business to Abbott Laboratories for US$3.8 billion. Following that, Piramal Enterprises (then Piramal Healthcare), the flagship company of Piramal Group, has 3 major businesses \u2013 Pharma, Financial Services and Healthcare Insights & Analytics. In Pharma, the company focuses on over-the-counter (OTC) consumer products, global generics, contract manufacturing and critical care business. The financial services business\u2014includes alternative asset management and investments into the Shriram Group as well as Piramal Capital & Housing Finance which is a registered as a housing finance company with the National Housing Bank (NHB) and is engaged in various financial services businesses.The market capitalisation of Piramal Enterprises has grown four-fold in the last seven years, from an average of around Rs 10,000 crore in 2010\u201311, it has been moving around Rs 45,000 crore in April 2018.PEL is listed on the BSE Limited and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited.The second component of the group's real estate strategy involves property development through the unlisted Piramal Realty Private Limited, founded by Piramal's son Anand.Incorporated in 1974, Piramal Glass Limited (PGL, erstwhile Gujarat Glass Limited) was acquired by the Piramal Group in 1984. In 1990, it was merged with Piramal Healthcare Limited (PHL, erstwhile Nicholas Piramal India Limited), and in 1998, the glass division was spun off to a subsidiary. The Company is engaged in the business of manufacturing packaging solutions for the perfumery and pharmaceuticals.Under Piramal's leadership, the Piramal Group transformed from a textile-centric business into a US$10 billion conglomerate. The current headcount of the group is 14,500.", "Q125128": "Marcello Truzzi (September 6, 1935 \u2013 February 2, 2003) was a professor of sociology at New College of Florida and later at Eastern Michigan University, founding co-chairman of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), a founder of the Society for Scientific Exploration, and director for the Center for Scientific Anomalies Research.\nTruzzi was an investigator of various protosciences and pseudosciences and, as fellow CSICOP cofounder Paul Kurtz dubbed him \"the skeptic's skeptic\". He is credited with originating the oft-used phrase \"Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof\", though earlier versions existed.\n\n", "Q68978": "Thun (French: Thoune) is a town and a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland with about 43,783 inhabitants (around 90,000 in the agglomeration), as of 31 December 2013.\nIt is located where the Aare flows out of Lake Thun (Thunersee), 30 kilometres (19 miles) south of Bern.\nBesides tourism, machine and precision instrument engineering, the largest garrison in the country, the food industry, armaments and publishing are of economic importance to Thun.\nThe official language of Thun is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q2412540": "Princess Sissi is a French-Italian-Canadian animated series. It debuted on November 27, 1997 on France 3. The series is based on the life of the empress of Austria Elisabeth of Bavaria, nicknamed \"Sissi\".", "Q91463": "Albert Vigoleis Thelen (28 September 1903 in S\u00fcchteln, Lower Rhine region, Germany - 9 April 1989 in D\u00fclken, Germany) was a German author and translator (from Portuguese).", "Q337580": "The Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium (French: Acad\u00e9mie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique, sometimes referred to as La Th\u00e9r\u00e9sienne) is the independent learned society of science and arts of the French Community of Belgium. One of Belgium's numerous academies, it is the French-speaking counterpart of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts. In 2001 both academies founded a joint association for the purpose of promoting science and arts on an international level: The Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium (RASAB). All three institutions are located in the same building, the Academy Palace in Brussels.", "Q136632": "Jos\u00e9 Sim\u00f3n Pardo y Barreda (February 24, 1864 \u2013 August 3, 1947) was a Peruvian politician who served as the 42nd (1904\u20131908) and 46th (1915\u20131919) President of Peru.\nBorn in Lima, Peru, he was the son of Manuel Justo Pardo y Lavalle, who had been the first civilian president of Peru (1872-1876) and the founder the Civilista Party; he is one of two second-generation Peruvian presidents (Manuel Prado, son of former dictator Mariano Ignacio Prado, is the other). His grandfather, Felipe Pardo y Aliaga (1806-1868), was a distinguished diplomat, writer and politician who was also Foreign Minister and Vice President of the Peruvian Council of State before, during and after the presidencies of Vivanco and Castilla.\nJos\u00e9 Pardo headed the Civilista Party and was Foreign Minister under Eduardo L\u00f3pez de Roma\u00f1a and then Prime Minister (1903-1904) under Manuel Candamo. After Candamo's death, Serapio Calder\u00f3n became the interim president and called for new elections. The Civilista Party named Jos\u00e9 Pardo as its candidate, while the Democratic Party presented the candidacy of Nicol\u00e1s de Pi\u00e9rola, who retired early before the elections mentioning a \"lack of guarantees.\" This fact led Pardo to become elected. Both his presidential terms were marked by liberal politics.\nHis government was marked by pushing for better education for all Peruvians. The elementary education in Peru, according to the Law of 1876 proposed by his father, Manuel Pardo, was under the responsibility of the municipalities throughout the country. Jos\u00e9 Pardo, under his Secretary of Justice and instruction, decided to confront the problem.\nThe law promulgated in 1905 reformed the education system to depend on the Central Government. It also called for primary education to be free and compulsory in far away places such as villages and mines, and that at least a small school for all children be located in any place with more than two hundred inhabitants. The Escuela Normal de Varones (\"Normal school for males\") was founded for the formation of male teachers, as well as the Escuela Normal de Mujeres (\"Normal school for females\").\nPardo created a General Branch of Instruction to where inspectors in charge of the work of surveillance in the whole Republic depended. In the cultural field the following were established: The National Academy of History, the School of Fine Arts (Bellas Artes), the National Academy of Music, and the National Museum of History. The superior combat school was also founded to form major state officers.\nDuring his second government Jos\u00e9 Pardo confronted the consequences of the First World War, as well as the labor agitation for the obtainment of the \"8 working hours\" a day. It was finally granted on January 15, 1919.\nWith barely a month before the end of his second term, he was ousted in a coup by Augusto B. Legu\u00eda. He spent the next eleven years in exile in the South of France, until his return to Lima. He died there in 1947.\nIn 1900, Pardo married his first cousin, Carmen Heeren Barreda. The marriage produced seven children: Manuel, Jos\u00e9 (the Marquis of Fuente Hermosa de Miranda, until his death in 1999), Enrique, Carmen, Juan, Oscar and Felipe. The current Marquis, Jos\u00e9 Pardo Paredes (born 1947), is one of President Jose Pardo's grandchildren.\n\n", "Q88132": "Salomon Kohn (8 March 1825 Prague - 6 November 1904 Prague) was an Austrian novelist.", "Q301032": "Aar-Paar (English: This or That) is a 1954 Indian noir-comedy Hindi-language film. Directed by Guru Dutt, it has music by O.P. Nayyar and lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri. A light-hearted film (unlike those of Dutt's later years), Aar-Paar stars Johnny Walker, Shyama, Shakila, Jagdeep, Jagdish Sethi.\nRaj Khosla and Atma Ram, Guru Dutt's brother assisted Guru Dutt in film direction.", "Q234923": "Harriet Andersson (born 14 February 1932) is a Swedish actress, best known outside Sweden for being part of director Ingmar Bergman's stock company. She often plays impulsive, working class characters.", "Q2069305": "Linus Yale Sr. (27 April 1797 \u2013 8 August 1858) was an American inventor and manufacturer of locks.", "Q34975": "Brian Denis Cox (born 1 June 1946) is a Scottish actor who works with the Royal Shakespeare Company, where he gained recognition for his portrayal of King Lear. He currently stars as media magnate Logan Roy on HBO's Succession. Cox is also known for appearing in Super Troopers, The Bourne Identity, The Bourne Supremacy, X2, Braveheart, Rushmore, Rise of the Planet of the Apes, and Troy. He was the first actor to portray Hannibal Lecter on film in 1986's Manhunter.\nAn Emmy Award and Golden Globe winner, Cox has also been nominated for the BAFTA, and Screen Actors Guild Awards. In 2006, Empire readers voted him the recipient of the Empire Icon Award.", "Q1070304": "Britney and Kevin: Chaotic is an American reality television series created and directed by Anthony E. Zuiker. Starring American recording artist Britney Spears and her then-husband Kevin Federline, the five-episode series aired on UPN from May 17 to June 14, 2005. The series chronicles the couple's relationship from their courtship, engagement and wedding.\nA majority of the footage was originally shot for Spears' own reality series to document the European leg of The Onyx Hotel Tour in the spring of 2004. Spears fell and injured her left knee during the shooting of the music video for \"Outrageous\", causing the remainder of the tour and the series to be cancelled.\nBritney and Kevin: Chaotic was heavily criticized by critics, who considered the series to be career suicide for Spears. Critics noted Spears' excessive narcissism and criticized the themes of the series as being too explicit. The DVD release of Britney and Kevin: Chaotic included Spears' first extended play of the same name.", "Q215735": "Johann Heinrich Friedrich Karl Witte (July 1, 1800, Lochau (now part of Schkopau) \u2013 March 6, 1883, Halle) was a German jurist and scholar of Dante Alighieri.", "Q7012169": "New Trier High School (, also known as New Trier Township High School or NTHS) is a public four-year high school, with its main campus for sophomores through seniors located in Winnetka, Illinois, United States, and a freshman campus in Northfield, Illinois, with freshman classes and district administration. Founded in 1901, the school serves the Chicago suburbs of Wilmette, Kenilworth, Winnetka, Glencoe, and Northfield as well as portions of Northbrook, Glenview, and unincorporated Cook County. New Trier's logo depicts the Porta Nigra, a symbol of Trier, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The athletic teams are known as the Trevians, an archaic demonym for the people of Trier.", "Q7532": "Judith \"Judy\" L. Estrin (born 1954 or 1955) is an Internet pioneer, entrepreneur, business executive, and author in the United States. Estrin worked with Vinton Cerf on the Transmission Control Protocol project at Stanford University in the 1970s. Estrin is a serial entrepreneur who co-founded eight technology companies. She was the chief technology officer of Cisco Systems from 1998 to 2000. She is currently CEO of JLABS, LLC, a privately held company focused on furthering innovation in business, government, and nonprofit organizations.", "Q4118666": "Tharwat Bassily (Coptic: \u2ca5\u2c89\u2ca3\u2c9f\u2ca9\u2c81\u2ca7 \u2c83\u2c81\u2ca5\u2c93\u2c97\u2c93) Ph.D., (14 September 1940 \u2013 5 December 2017) was an Egyptian businessman, he graduated from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University in 1967, also he was founder and Chairman of the Board of Amoun Pharmaceutical Company S.A.E., one of the leading private pharmaceutical companies in Egypt. He was also the undersecretary of the Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Church, a member of the Shura Council, and the founder of Coptic TV.", "Q631312": "Arcadi Aleksandrovich Gaydamak (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e8\u05e7\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05db\u05e1\u05e0\u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05e5' \u05d2\u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05de\u05e7; Russian: \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043a; born 8 April 1952 in Moscow, USSR) is a Russian-born French-Israeli businessman, philanthropist, and President of the Congress of Jewish Religious Communities and Organizations of Russia (KEROOR). He emigrated to Israel at the age of 20 and lived on a kibbutz, then moved to France and opened a translation bureau.\nIn the 1990s he was awarded the French Ordre national du M\u00e9rite and the Ordre du M\u00e9rite agricole for actions taken to rescue personnel in the War in Bosnia. In the AngolaGate scandal, he was convicted of failure to declare income. On 24 November 2015, he started serving a prison sentence at Fresnes prison in France for that tax issue.\nIn the early 21st century, Gaydamak returned to Israel, where he founded Social Justice, a movement that became a political party. He ran for mayor of Jerusalem but did not win. He bought Hapoel Jerusalem, a professional basketball club. He also bought two newspapers, one in France and one in Russia. He directed the latter to take a pro-government/Vladimir Putin editorial stance. In Israel he has been a generous philanthropist.\n\n", "Q2424794": "Emilio Lavazza (1932\u20132010) was an Italian businessman. Known as, \"Mr. Espresso,\" he shaped the way many Italians drink their coffee and dedicated half of his lifetime to provide quality coffee globally. Lavazza served as the Chief and President of the Lavazza company. He served as President of Lavazza from 1979 until 2008.Throughout his lifetime, he had received much recognition such as, Honorary President prior to retiring his position in the Lavazza company. In 2010, Lavazza died due to a severe heart attack in Turin, Italy. The Lavazza company, today, is the sixth biggest coffee roaster with mustering over $1.1billion euros in sales. The company sells coffee in more than 90 countries after Emilio's reign as head of Lavazza.", "Q63193": "Angela Sommer-Bodenburg (born December 18, 1948) is the author of a number of fantasy books for children. Her most famous contribution to the field of children's fantasy is The Little Vampire series, which has sold over 10 million copies and has been translated into over 30 languages. Sommer-Bodenburg states that her \"vampire is not a bloodthirsty monster, however, but an affectionate little vampire with fears and foibles who will perhaps help free children of their own fears.\" The novel, written in 1979, spawned a series of books, and the plot has been adapted to theatre, radio, cinema, and television. A Canadian-German TV series was released in 1986 and a film version, directed by Uli Edel was released in 2000. Later a CG-animated film The Little Vampire 3D, directed by Richard Claus and Karsten Kiilerich, was released in 2017.", "Q288602": "Giselle Iti\u00e9 Ramos is a Mexican-Brazilian actress. Iti\u00e9 is best known for her roles as Anabela Palhares in the Brazilian telenovela Bela, a Feia and as Sandra in the Action movie The Expendables.\nIn 2001, she started her career as an actress in a Brazilian telenovela. In 2009, she debuted as protagonist in the telenovela Bela, a Feia, the Brazilian version for the Colombian Yo soy Betty, la fea. Giselle Iti\u00e9 also took part in the film The Expendables, co-written, directed by and starring Sylvester Stallone.", "Q1811184": "Lebogang Mashile (born 7 February 1979) is a South African actress, writer and performance poet.\n\n", "Q182397": "Lars L\u00f8kke Rasmussen (Danish: [\u02c8l\u0251\u02d0s \u02c8l\u00f8k\u0259 \u02c8\u0281\u0251smusn\u0329]; born 15 May 1964) is a Danish politician who served as the 25th Prime Minister of Denmark from 2009 to 2011 and again 2015 to 2019. He was the leader of the liberal Venstre party from 2009 to 2019.\nRasmussen has been a member of the Folketing since 21 September 1994. He also served as County Mayor of Frederiksborg County from 1998 to 2001. Subsequently, he was the Interior and Health Minister from 27 November 2001 to 23 November 2007 as part of Anders Fogh Rasmussen's first and second cabinets, and then Minister of Finance from 23 November 2007 to April 2009 as part of Anders Fogh Rasmussen's third cabinet. On 5 April 2009, he succeeded Anders Fogh Rasmussen as Prime Minister following the latter's appointment as Secretary General of NATO.\nIn the 2011 general election, the government lost its parliamentary majority and Rasmussen tendered the government's resignation to Queen Margrethe II. He was succeeded by Helle Thorning-Schmidt of the Social Democrats on 3 October 2011. In the 2015 general election, the right-wing parties regained a majority in the Folketing. Rasmussen again became Prime Minister and formed his second cabinet in the same month. This cabinet was made up exclusively of Venstre members, but in November 2016 he was pressured to also include members of Liberal Alliance and Conservative People's Party, forming his third cabinet.\nOn 6 June 2019, he resigned from his position as prime minister after a general election, in which his government was defeated. However, he continued to lead a caretaker government until a new government was formed and sworn in. This was completed on 27 June 2019 and Rasmussen was succeeded as Prime Minister by Mette Frederiksen. On 31 August 2019, he resigned as chairman of Venstre.", "Q88654": "Helmut Schoeck (Graz, 3 July 1922 \u2013 2 February 1993) was an Austrian-German sociologist and writer, best known for his work Envy: A Theory of Social Behaviour (Der Neid: Eine Theorie der Gesellschaft).", "Q75929": "Johann Gottfried Gruber (29 November 1774 \u2013 7 August 1851) was a German critic and literary historian.", "Q53050": "Francesco Rosi (Italian pronunciation: [fran\u02c8t\u0283esko \u02c8r\u0254\u02d0zi]; 15 November 1922 \u2013 10 January 2015) was an Italian film director. His film The Mattei Affair won the Palme d'Or at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival. Rosi's films, especially those of the 1960s and 1970s, often appeared to have political messages. While the topics for his later films became less politically oriented and more angled toward literature, he continued to direct until 1997, his last film being the adaptation of Primo Levi's book, The Truce.\nAt the 2008 Berlin International Film Festival 13 of his films were screened, in a section reserved for film-makers of outstanding quality and achievement. He received the Honorary Golden Bear for Lifetime Achievement, accompanied by the screening of his 1962 film Salvatore Giuliano. In 2012 the Venice Biennale awarded Rosi the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement.", "Q743790": "Jungle Rot is an American death metal band from Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States, formed in 1992.\n\n", "Q4786765": "Archie R. Boe (born 1921 in Estherville, Iowa - d. January 2, 1989 in Chicago, Illinois) was a former president of Sears, Roebuck and Co. and Allstate Insurance Co.", "Q1625": "Johannes Sigfrid Edstr\u00f6m (November 11, 1870 \u2013 March 18, 1964) was a Swedish industrialist, chairman of the Sweden-America Foundation, and 4th President of the International Olympic Committee.", "Q574190": "Anthony Jared Zerbe (born May 20, 1936) is an American stage, film and television actor. Notable film roles include the post-apocalyptic cult leader Matthias in The Omega Man, a 1971 film adaptation of Richard Matheson's 1954 novel, I Am Legend; as a corrupt gambler in Farewell, My Lovely; as Abner Devereaux in Kiss Meets the Phantom of the Park; as villain Milton Krest in the James Bond film Licence to Kill; Rosie in The Turning Point; Roger Stuart in The Dead Zone; Admiral Dougherty in Star Trek: Insurrection and Councillor Hamann in The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions.", "Q1740088": "Kevin Brian Bishop (born 18 June 1980) is an English comedian, writer and star of The Kevin Bishop Show, which he co-wrote with Lee Hupfield.", "Q55421": "Georg Wilhelm Pabst (25 August 1885 \u2013 29 May 1967) was an Austrian film director and screenwriter. He started as an actor and theater director, before becoming one of the most influential German-language filmmakers during the Weimar Republic.", "Q616975": "Ed Banger Records (sometimes referred to as Ed Rec) is a French electronic music record label founded by Pedro Winter in 2003 as a division of Headbangers Entertainment. It focuses on house music, particularly French house, as well as alternative dance, electro, hip hop, nu disco, and synthpop, among other styles. The label is home to French acts Justice, Sebastian, Cassius, Uffie, Krazy Baldhead, DJ Mehdi, Mr. Oizo, Mr. Flash, So Me, Feadz, Breakbot, DSL, Boston Bun, and Winter himself under the alias Busy P. Most videos and album art for Ed Banger releases are coordinated by So Me.", "Q106097": "Franz Arnold (1878\u20131960) was a German actor and playwright. He frequently collaborated with Ernst Bach after their debut play The Spanish Fly was a hit. He emigrated to Britain in 1933.", "Q9279": "Bandar Seri Begawan (Jawi: \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a \u0628\u06ac\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646 ; Malay: [\u02ccbandar s\u0259\u02ccri b\u0259\u02c8\u0261awan] (listen)) (formerly known as Brunei Town) is the capital and largest city of the Sultanate of Brunei. It is officially governed as a municipality (Malay: bandaran). Bandar Seri Begawan has an estimated population of 100,700, and including the whole Brunei-Muara District, the metro area has an estimated population of 279,924.\n\n", "Q183089": "Geta (; Latin: Publius, or Lucius, Septimius Geta Augustus; 7 March 189 \u2013 26 December 211) was Roman emperor with his father Septimius Severus and older brother Caracalla from 209, when he was named Augustus like his brother, who had held the title since 198. Severus died in 211, and although he intended for his sons to rule together, they proved incapable of sharing power, culminating with the murder of Geta in December of that year.", "Q64824": "Unteriberg is a village and municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. Besides the village of Unteriberg, the municipality includes the villages of Studen, Waag, St\u00f6cken and Herti.", "Q237594": "Anna Louise Friel (born 12 July 1976) is an English actress. Born in Rochdale, Greater Manchester, she has been acting professionally since age 13. Friel achieved fame with her portrayal of Beth Jordache on the British soap opera Brookside (1993\u201395), and came to international prominence when she played Charlotte \"Chuck\" Charles on ABC's Pushing Daisies (2007\u201309). She is the recipient of several accolades, including an International Emmy Award, a Drama Desk Award, a National Television Award, an RTS Award, and an honorary degree, as well as BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award, Satellite Award, Saturn Award, Genie Award and Czech Lion Award nominations.\nFriel made her film debut in The Land Girls (1998). She has since appeared in various features, such as A Midsummer Night's Dream, Rogue Trader (both 1999), Sunset Strip (2000), Me Without You (2001), Timeline (2003), Goal! (2005), Bathory (2008), Land of the Lost (2009), London Boulevard, You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger (both 2010), Limitless (2011), The Look of Love (2013), The Cleanse, and I.T. (both 2016).\nOutside of film, Friel has starred in numerous British and American television series, such as The Jury (2004), Odyssey (2015), The Girlfriend Experience (2017), and Marcella (2016\u2013present). Her stage work includes Patrick Marber's Closer (Broadway, 1999), and West End productions of Breakfast at Tiffany's (2009) and Uncle Vanya (2012).", "Q465937": "Hella Wuolijoki (n\u00e9e Ella Marie Murrik; 22 July 1886 \u2013 2 February 1954), also known by the pen name Juhani Tervap\u00e4\u00e4, was an Estonian-born Finnish writer known for her Niskavuori series.", "Q5443": "Greta Garbo (born Greta Lovisa Gustafsson; 18 September 1905 \u2013 15 April 1990) was a Swedish-American film actress during the 1920s and 1930s. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Garbo fifth on their list of the greatest female stars of classic Hollywood cinema. For most of her career she was known for her melancholy and somber persona due to her many portrayals of tragic characters in her films.\nGarbo launched her career with a secondary role in the 1924 Swedish film The Saga of G\u00f6sta Berling. Her performance caught the attention of Louis B. Mayer, chief executive of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), who brought her to Hollywood in 1925. She stirred interest with her first American silent film, Torrent (1926). Garbo\u2019s performance in Flesh and the Devil (1927), her third movie, made her an international star.Garbo's first talking film was Anna Christie (1930). MGM marketers enticed the public with the tagline \"Garbo talks!\" That same year, she starred in Romance. For her performances in these films, she received the first of three Academy Award nominations for best actress. Academy rules at the time allowed for a performer to receive a single nomination for his or her work in more than one film. In 1932, her success allowed her to dictate the terms of her contract, and she became increasingly selective about her roles. She continued in films such as Mata Hari (1931), Inspiration (1931), Grand Hotel (1932), Queen Christina (1933), and Anna Karenina (1935).\nMany critics and film historians consider her performance as the doomed courtesan Marguerite Gautier in Camille (1936) to be her finest. The role gained her a second Academy Award nomination. However, Garbo's career soon declined and she was one of the many stars labeled box office poison in 1938. Her career revived upon her turn to comedy in Ninotchka (1939) which earned her a third Academy Award nomination, but after the failure of Two-Faced Woman (1941), she retired from the screen, at the age of 35, after acting in 28 films.\nAfter retiring, Garbo declined all opportunities to return to the screen. Shunning publicity, she led a private life. Garbo was an art collector whose collection, including works from Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Pierre Bonnard, and Kees van Dongen, was worth millions of dollars when she died.", "Q4276661": "Lyubov Trokhymivna Mala (Ukrainian: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u0422\u0440\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0430; 13 January 1919 \u2013 14 April 2003) was a Soviet and Ukrainian therapist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, full member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. She was the first female recipient of title Hero of Ukraine.", "Q229972": "Catalina Sandino Moreno (born 19 April 1981) is a Colombian actress. She shared the Silver Bear with Charlize Theron and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in Maria Full of Grace (2004).", "Q4985": "Herman Melville (born Melvill; August 1, 1819 \u2013 September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer and poet of the American Renaissance period. Among his best-known works are Moby-Dick (1851), Typee (1846), a romanticized account of his experiences in Polynesia, and Billy Budd, a posthumously published novella. Although his works were not widely appreciated at the time of his death, the centennial of his birth in 1919 was the starting point of a Melville revival in which critics re-evaluated his work and his novels became recognized as world classics.\nMelville was born in New York City, the third child of a prosperous merchant. His formal education ended abruptly after the death of his father in 1832 left the family in financial straits. He took to sea in 1839 as a common sailor on a merchant ship and then on the whaler Acushnet but jumped ship in the Marquesas Islands. Typee, his first book and its sequel, Omoo (1847) were travel-adventures based on his experiences there. Their success gave him the financial security to marry Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" Shaw, a daughter of a prominent Boston family. His first book not based on his own experience, Mardi (1849), was not well received. His fictional work, Redburn (1849), and his non-fiction White-Jacket (1850) were given better reviews but did not provide financial security.\nMoby-Dick (1851), although now considered one of the great American novels, was not well received by contemporary critics. His psychological novel, Pierre: or, The Ambiguities (1852) was also scorned by reviewers. From 1853 to 1856, Melville published short fiction in magazines, which was collected in 1856 as The Piazza Tales. In 1857, he traveled to England and then toured the Near East, and that same year published his last work of prose, The Confidence-Man (1857). He moved to New York in 1863 to take a position as Customs Inspector. From that point, he focused his creative powers on poetry. Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War (1866) was his poetic reflection on the moral questions of the American Civil War. In an emotionally jarring incident, in 1867, his eldest child Malcolm died at home from a self-inflicted gunshot.\nMelville's metaphysical epic Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land was published in 1876. In 1886, his other son Stanwix died of apparent tuberculosis, and Melville retired. During his last years, he privately published two volumes of poetry, left one volume unpublished, and returned to prose of the sea. The novella Billy Budd was left unfinished at his death but was published posthumously in 1924. Melville died from cardiovascular disease in 1891.", "Q270807": "Julie Strain (born February 18, 1962) is an American actress and model who was Penthouse Pet of the Month in June 1991 and later chosen as the magazine's Pet of the Year in 1993.", "Q173408": "Chuck Arnold (May 30, 1926, Stamford, Connecticut \u2013 September 4, 1997, Santa Ana, California) was an American racecar driver. Arnold drove sporadically in the USAC Championship Car series, racing between 1959 and 1968, with 11 starts, including the 1959 Indianapolis 500. He finished in the top ten 3 times, with his best finish in 5th position, in 1959 at Trenton.", "Q1927344": "Sir Michael Owen Edwardes (11 October 1930 \u2013 15 September 2019) was a British-South African business executive.\n\n", "Q71597": "Hermann Weller (4 February 1878 \u2013 9 December 1956) was a German Indiologist and neo-Latin poet born in Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd, died in T\u00fcbingen. He is considered the Horace of the twentieth century.", "Q540235": "Betsy Brantley (born September 20, 1955) is an American actress.", "Q353774": "Adela Nora Rogers St. Johns (May 20, 1894 \u2013 August 10, 1988) was an American journalist, novelist, and screenwriter. She wrote a number of screenplays for silent movies but is best remembered for her groundbreaking exploits as \"The World's Greatest Girl Reporter\" during the 1920s and 1930s and her celebrity interviews for Photoplay magazine.", "Q93512": "Water Lilies (French: Naissance des Pieuvres; meaning \"birth of the octopuses\") is a 2007 French drama film and the debut as a screenwriter and director of C\u00e9line Sciamma.\n\n", "Q335": "Patricio Aylwin Az\u00f3car (Spanish pronunciation: [pa\u02c8t\u027eisjo \u02c8elwin a\u02c8soka\u027e] (listen); 26 November 1918 \u2013 19 April 2016) was a Chilean politician from the Christian Democratic Party, lawyer, author, professor and former senator. He was the first president of Chile after dictator Augusto Pinochet, and his election marked the Chilean transition to democracy in 1990. Despite resistance from elements of the Chilean military and government after his election, Patricio Aylwin was staunch in his support for the Chilean National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation which exposed the systematic brutalities of the dictatorship.", "Q3195283": "Kent Cooper (March 22, 1880 \u2013 January 31, 1965) served with the Associated Press (AP) for 41 years, last as executive director.", "Q1395456": "Markku Peltola (12 July 1956 \u2013 31 December 2007) was a Finnish actor and musician. He was born and grew up in Helsinki. He was actively involved in founding and acting with the Telakka Theater in Tampere.Peltola is best known for starring opposite Kati Outinen in Aki Kaurism\u00e4ki's Academy Award-nominated film from 2002 The Man Without a Past. Other films that Peltola featured in include V2 \u2013 j\u00e4\u00e4tynyt enkeli, Young Gods, Drifting Clouds, Kamome Shokudo, Jade Warrior and Perhosh\u00e4kki.\nFrom the 1980s until his death, Peltola was the singer and bass guitarist of the Finnish band Motelli Skronkle. He also released two solo albums: Buster Keatonin ratsutilalla, released by Ektro Records in 2003 and Buster Keaton tarkistaa id\u00e4n ja l\u00e4nnen at the beginning of 2006.Peltola died in the early hours of 31 December 2007 at his home in Kangasala, Finland.", "Q57236": "Bettina von Arnim (the Countess of Arnim) (4 April 1785 \u2013 20 January 1859), born Elisabeth Catharina Ludovica Magdalena Brentano, was a German writer and novelist.\nBettina (as well: Bettine) Brentano was a writer, publisher, composer, singer, visual artist, an illustrator, patron of young talent, and a social activist. She was the archetype of the Romantic era's zeitgeist and the crux of many creative relationships of canonical artistic figures. Best known for the company she kept, she numbered among her closest friends Goethe, Beethoven, and P\u00fcckler and tried to foster artistic agreement among them. Many leading composers of the time, including Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johanna Kinkel, and Johannes Brahms, admired her spirit and talents. As a composer, von Arnim's style was unconventional, molding and melding favorite folk melodies and historical themes with innovative harmonies, phrase lengths, and improvisations that became synonymous with the music of the era. She was closely related to the German writers Clemens Brentano and Achim von Arnim: the first was her brother, the second her husband. Her daughter Gisela von Arnim became a prominent writer as well. Her nephews, via her brother Christian, were Franz and Lujo Brentano.", "Q236846": "Stephanie Kay Panabaker (born May 2, 1990) is an American zoologist and former actress. She is best known for her roles as Jenny Garison in the 2009 reboot of Fame, Debbie Berwick on Phil of the Future and Nikki Westerly on Summerland. She is the younger sister of Danielle Panabaker.", "Q3369080": "Patricia Barbizet (born 17 April 1955) is a prominent figure in the French business world. Over the course of her career, she served as Chief Executive Officer of Christie's from 2014 until 2016, the first female CEO of the company; Executive Director of Groupe Art\u00e9mis from 1992 until 2017; and as Vice-Chairman of the Board of Kering (ex PPR) and Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Christie's.\n\n", "Q208770": "Villefranche-sur-Sa\u00f4ne (US: , French: [vilf\u0281\u0251\u0303\u0283 sy\u0281 son] (listen); Arpitan: Velafranche) is a commune in the Rh\u00f4ne department in eastern France.\nIt lies 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the Sa\u00f4ne River, and is around 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Lyon. The inhabitants of the town are called Caladois.", "Q837420": "Ojai ( OH-hy) is a city in Ventura County in the U.S. state of California. Located in the Ojai Valley, it is northwest of Los Angeles and east of Santa Barbara. The valley is part of the east\u2013west trending Western Transverse Ranges and is about 10 miles (16 km) long by 3 miles (5 km) wide and divided into a lower and an upper valley, each of similar size, surrounded by hills and mountains. The population was 7,461 at the 2010 census, down from 7,862 at the 2000 census.\nOjai is a tourism destination known for its boutique hotels, recreation opportunities, hiking, spiritual retreats and farmers' market of local organic agriculture. It has small businesses specializing in local and ecologically friendly art, design, and home improvement. Chain stores are prohibited by city ordinance to encourage local small business development and keep the town unique.\nA 1905 book on place names in the United States records the name Ojai as being derived from an Indigenous word meaning nest, though the specific Indigenous nation is not identified. It has been substantiated that the name Ojai is derived from a Chumash word 'Awha'y, meaning moon. The city's self-styled nickname is \"Shangri-La\" referencing the natural environment of this health and spirituality-focused region as well as the mystical sanctuary of the 1937 film adaptation of James Hilton's novel Lost Horizon.\n\n", "Q975161": "Alessandro Federico Petricone Jr. (February 29, 1936 \u2013 July 18, 2015), known professionally as Alex Rocco, was an American actor. Often cast as a villain, he is best known for his portrayal of Moe Greene in The Godfather and his Primetime Emmy Award for Supporting Actor in a Comedy for The Famous Teddy Z. He did a significant amount of voice-over work later in his career, and was known for his gravelly voice.", "Q933134": "Kara Scott is a Canadian British TV personality, journalist and poker player.\nBorn in northern Alberta, Canada, Scott moved to the United Kingdom in 1999 and worked in the UK media until 2009 when she moved to California. Having trained in Muay Thai while she lived in Canada, she became a sports presenter and producer on Five. She is a brand ambassador for 888poker and host of 888poker News.", "Q489753": "Tatar State University of Humanities and Education (Russian: \u0422\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, Tatar: \u0422\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u04d9\u04af\u043b\u04d9\u0442 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440-\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b) is a university in Kazan, Russian Federation. It was formed in 2005 by a merger of institutions. They included the Kazan State Pedagogical University, the third oldest pedagogical university in Russia, after Moscow State Pedagogical University and Hertzen Russian State Pedagogical University in Saint Petersburg.", "Q162511": "Frank Chin (born February 25, 1940) is an American author and playwright. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of Asian-American theatre.", "Q268084": "Jewel Franklin Guy (July 26, 1926 \u2013 April 6, 2015), known professionally as James Best, was an American television, film, stage, and voice actor, as well as a writer, director, acting coach, artist, college professor, and musician. During a career that spanned more than 60 years, he performed not only in feature films but also in scores of television series, as well as appearing on various country music programs and talk shows. Television audiences, however, perhaps most closely associate Best with his role as the bumbling Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane in the action-comedy series The Dukes of Hazzard, which originally aired on CBS between 1979 and 1985. He reprised the role in 1997 and 2000 for the made-for-television movies The Dukes of Hazzard: Reunion! and The Dukes of Hazzard: Hazzard in Hollywood (2000).", "Q248354": "Infernal Affairs III is a 2003 Hong Kong crime thriller film directed by Andrew Lau and Alan Mak. It is the third and final installment in the Infernal Affairs film series, and is both a sequel and a semi-prequel to the original film, as it intercuts events before and after the events in the first film. Andy Lau, Tony Leung, Kelly Chen, Anthony Wong, Eric Tsang, and Chapman To reprise their roles again, joined by new cast members Leon Lai and Chen Daoming.\nInfernal Affairs III received mixed to positive reviews, grossed $4.5 million and was nominated for seven Hong Kong Film Awards.", "Q63187": "Sebastian Koch (born 31 May 1962) is a German television and film actor. He is known for roles in the 2007 Academy Award-winning film The Lives of Others, in Steven Spielberg\u2019s Bridge of Spies, and as Otto D\u00fcring in the fifth season of the Showtime series Homeland.", "Q450998": "August Leopold Crelle (17 March 1780 \u2013 6 October 1855) was a German mathematician. He was born in Eichwerder near Wriezen, Brandenburg, and died in Berlin. He is the founder of Journal f\u00fcr die reine und angewandte Mathematik (also known as Crelle's Journal). He befriended Niels Henrik Abel and published seven of Abel's papers in the first volume of his journal.\nIn 1841, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.", "Q545359": "Pfarrkirchen is a municipality in southern Lower Bavaria Germany, the capital of the district Rottal-Inn. It has about 12,500 inhabitants and is an important school centre with about 10,000 pupils from all over Lower Bavaria. The town spreads over an area of about 52 square kilometers and lies approximately 377 meters above sea level. Pfarrkirchen lies at the small river \"Rott\", which gives the \"Rottal\" region its name. One of Pfarrkirchen's important industries include abattoirs which is due to the rural environment.", "Q43257": "The Widderfeld Stock is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Nidwalden and Obwalden. It is located between the valleys of Melchtal and Engelberg.", "Q297736": "Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Yevtushenko (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u0432\u0442\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; 18 July 1933 \u2013 1 April 2017) was a Soviet and Russian poet. He was also a novelist, essayist, dramatist, screenwriter, publisher, actor, editor and director of several films.", "Q120722": "Peter Bayliss (27 June 1922 \u2013 29 July 2002) was an English actor. Bayliss was born in Kingston upon Thames and trained at the Italia Conti Academy and the John Gielgud Company. More than six feet tall, with a voice to match, he supplemented it with a barrage of wheezings, croakings, mutterings and, as the opera singer in Frontiers of Farce (Old Vic, 1977), garglings. In 1956 he appeared on stage in \"The Matchmaker\" at the Royale Theatre in New York and in 1960 he appeared in \"Ross\" at the Royal Haymarket Theatre in London. His 20 films ranged from The Red Shoes (1948) to Darling (1965). He acted in more than 40 television productions including Please Sir!, The Sweeney, Coronation Street, Lovejoy and The Bill, plus dramas like Bye, Bye Columbus (1990), Merlin (1998) and The Arabian Nights (1999). On radio he was particularly good in Jacobean adaptations, playing characters with names such as Sir Moth-Interest and Walter Whorehound. He appeared in more than 100 theatre productions. He made several films for the Children's Film Unit in his later years.", "Q73394": "Count Gottfried von Bismarck-Sch\u00f6nhausen (9 March 1901 \u2013 14 September 1949) was a German politician and German Resistance figure.\nBorn in Berlin, Bismarck was a grandson of the Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. He was a member of the Nazi Party and in 1933 he was elected to the Reichstag as a Nazi member. In 1935 he became chairman of the regional council (Regierungspr\u00e4sident) for Stettin, and later also for Potsdam. In 1937 he married a cousin, Countess Melanie Hoyos, in Vienna. By 1944 he held the rank of Brigadef\u00fchrer (Brigade Leader/Major General) in the SS.\nFrom 1942, however, Bismarck had been opposed to the continuation of World War II, and had made contact with other members of the German aristocracy who were working against the Nazi regime \u2013 such as the Berlin police chief Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorf, Colonel Claus Graf von Stauffenberg, and General Friedrich Olbricht \u2013 with the aim of starting negotiations with the western Allies. He was aware of preparations for the 20 July plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler, but was not directly involved in it.\nAfter the failure of the plot, Bismarck's connections to the plotters were discovered. He was expelled from the SS and from the Reichstag. Because of his famous name and many powerful connections, however, he escaped the fate of most of the active plotters. He was not arrested until August and he was not tortured. In October he was acquitted of the charges against him by the People's Court, but was nevertheless sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he was relatively well treated. He was liberated by Soviet forces in April 1945. \nIn September 1949 Bismarck and his wife were killed in a car accident in Verden an der Aller near Bremen, in the American Occupation Zone.", "Q1631": "\u00c9dith Piaf (UK: , US: ; French: [edit pjaf] (listen); born \u00c9dith Giovanna Gassion, French: [edit d\u0292\u0254vana \u0261asj\u0254\u0303]; 19 December 1915 \u2013 10 October 1963) was a French singer-songwriter, cabaret performer and film actress noted as France's national chanteuse and one of the country's most widely known international stars.Piaf's music was often autobiographical and she specialized in chanson and torch ballads about love, loss and sorrow. Her most widely known songs include \"La Vie en rose\" (1946), \"Non, je ne regrette rien\" (1960), \"Hymne \u00e0 l'amour\" (1949), \"Milord\" (1959), \"La Foule\" (1957), \"L'Accord\u00e9oniste\" (1940) and \"Padam, padam...\" (1951).\nSince her death in 1963, several biographies and films have studied her life, including 2007's Academy Award-winning La Vie en rose \u2014 Piaf has become one of the most celebrated performers of the 20th century.", "Q222833": "Frederick Hubbard Gwynne (July 10, 1926 \u2013 July 2, 1993) was an American actor, artist and author. Gwynne was best known for his roles in the 1960s sitcoms Car 54, Where Are You? and as Herman Munster in The Munsters, as well as his later roles in The Cotton Club, Pet Sematary (playing Jud Crandall) and My Cousin Vinny.", "Q255463": "Camille Anna Paglia (; born April 2, 1947) is an American feminist academic and social critic. Paglia has been a professor at the University of the Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, since 1984. She is critical of many aspects of modern culture and is the author of Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson (1990) and other books. She is also a critic of contemporary American feminism and of post-structuralism, as well as a commentator on multiple aspects of American culture such as its visual art, music, and film history.", "Q170115": "Srinagar ( (listen)) is the largest city and the summer capital of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It lies in the Kashmir Valley on the banks of the Jhelum River, a tributary of the Indus, and Dal and Anchar lakes. The city is known for its natural environment, gardens, waterfronts and houseboats. It is also known for traditional Kashmiri handicrafts like Kashmir shawls and also dried fruits. It is the northernmost city of India with over one million people.", "Q317122": "Ernesto Antonio \"Tito\" Puente (April 20, 1923 \u2013 May 31, 2000) was an American musician, songwriter and record producer. The son of Ernest and Felicia Puente, native Puerto Ricans living in New York City's Spanish Harlem, Puente is often credited as \"The Musical Pope\", \"El Rey de los Timbales\" (The King of the Timbales) and \"The King of Latin Music\". He is best known for dance-oriented mambo and Latin jazz compositions that endured over a 50-year career. He and his music appear in many films such as The Mambo Kings and Fernando Trueba's Calle 54. He guest-starred on several television shows, including Sesame Street and The Simpsons two-part episode \"Who Shot Mr. Burns?\". His most famous song is \"Oye Como Va\".", "Q106083": "Olga Grjasnowa (born November 14, 1984 in Baku, Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR) is a German writer currently living in Berlin, Germany.\n\n", "Q55435": "Giuseppe Avati, better known as Pupi Avati (born 3 November 1938), is an Italian film director, producer, and screenwriter. He is known to horror film fans for his two masterpieces of the macabre, The House with Laughing Windows (1976) and Zeder (1983).", "Q1069127": "A lapsed Catholic is a baptized Catholic who is non-practicing. Such a person may still identify as a Catholic and remains a Catholic according to canon law.", "Q160306": "Eight Miles High (original title: Das wilde Leben, lit. The Wild Life) is a 2007 German biographical motion picture, set in the 1960s and depicting the \"wild life\" of Uschi Obermaier, a West German sex symbol and icon of the era.", "Q234089": "Jane Waddington Wyatt (WY-ET; August 12, 1910 \u2013 October 20, 2006) was an American actress. She starred in a number of Hollywood films like Frank Capra's Lost Horizon, but is likely best known for her role as the housewife and mother Margaret Anderson on the CBS and NBC television comedy series Father Knows Best, and as Amanda Grayson, the human mother of Spock on the science-fiction television series Star Trek. Wyatt was a three-time Emmy Award-winner.", "Q178549": "Counting Crows is an American rock band from Berkeley, California, formed in 1991. The band consists of Adam Duritz (lead vocals), David Bryson (rhythm guitar), Charlie Gillingham (keyboards), Dan Vickrey (lead guitar), David Immergl\u00fcck (guitars), Jim Bogios (drums) and Millard Powers (bass).Counting Crows gained popularity following the release of its debut album, August and Everything After (1993). Featuring the breakthrough hit single \"Mr. Jones\" (1993), the album sold more than seven million copies in the United States. The band received two Grammy Awards nominations in 1994, one for Best Rock Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal (for \"Round Here\") and one for Best New Artist. Other hit singles include \"Rain King\", \"A Long December\", \"Hanginaround\", and a cover version of Joni Mitchell's \"Big Yellow Taxi\". Counting Crows received a 2004 Academy Award nomination for the single \"Accidentally in Love\", which was included in the film Shrek 2. The band has sold more than 20 million albums and is known for its dynamic live performances.\n\n", "Q117830": "Thomas Platter the Elder (; German: [\u02c8plat\u0250]; 12 February 1499, Gr\u00e4chen, Valais \u2013 26 January 1582, Basel) was a Swiss humanist scholar and writer.", "Q194287": "Joseph Satriani (born July 15, 1956) is an American musician, composer, songwriter, and guitar teacher. Early in his career, Satriani worked as a guitar instructor, with many of his former students achieving fame, such as Steve Vai, Larry LaLonde, Rick Hunolt, Kirk Hammett, Andy Timmons, Charlie Hunter, Kevin Cadogan, and Alex Skolnick; he then went on to have a successful solo music career. He is a 15-time Grammy Award nominee and has sold over 10 million albums, making him the best-selling instrumental rock guitarist of all time.In 1988, Satriani was recruited by Mick Jagger as lead guitarist for his first solo tour. Satriani briefly toured with Deep Purple as the guitarist, joining shortly after the departure of Ritchie Blackmore in November 1993. He has worked with a range of guitarists during the G3 tour, which he founded in 1995. Satriani has been the guitarist for the supergroup Chickenfoot since joining the band in 2008.", "Q131149": "Henry David Thoreau (see name pronunciation; July 12, 1817 \u2013 May 6, 1862) was an American essayist, poet, and philosopher. A leading transcendentalist, he is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay \"Civil Disobedience\" (originally published as \"Resistance to Civil Government\"), an argument for disobedience to an unjust state.\nThoreau's books, articles, essays, journals, and poetry amount to more than 20 volumes. Among his lasting contributions are his writings on natural history and philosophy, in which he anticipated the methods and findings of ecology and environmental history, two sources of modern-day environmentalism. His literary style interweaves close observation of nature, personal experience, pointed rhetoric, symbolic meanings, and historical lore, while displaying a poetic sensibility, philosophical austerity, and Yankee attention to practical detail. He was also deeply interested in the idea of survival in the face of hostile elements, historical change, and natural decay; at the same time he advocated abandoning waste and illusion in order to discover life's true essential needs.He was a lifelong abolitionist, delivering lectures that attacked the Fugitive Slave Law while praising the writings of Wendell Phillips and defending the abolitionist John Brown. Thoreau's philosophy of civil disobedience later influenced the political thoughts and actions of such notable figures as Leo Tolstoy, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr.Thoreau is sometimes referred to as an anarchist. Though \"Civil Disobedience\" seems to call for improving rather than abolishing government\u2014\"I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government\"\u2014the direction of this improvement contrarily points toward anarchism: \"'That government is best which governs not at all;' and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.\"", "Q3498550": "Stephen Friedman (born December 21, 1937) is the former Chairman of the United States President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. He was nominated on October 27, 2005, to replace Brent Scowcroft in the position.", "Q494702": "Dillingen, or Dillingen an der Donau (Dillingen on the Danube) is a town in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is the administrative center of the district of Dillingen.\nBesides the town of Dillingen proper, the municipality encompasses the villages of Donaualtheim, Fristingen, Hausen, Kicklingen, Schretzheim and Steinheim.\nSchretzheim is notable for its 6th to 7th century Alemannic cemetery, 630 row graves in an area of 100 by 140 metres.\nThe counts of Dillingen ruled from the 10th to the 13th century; in 1258 the territory was turned over to the Prince Bishops of Augsburg. After the Reformation, the prince-bishops of Augsburg moved to the Catholic city of Dillingen and made it one of the centers of the Counter-Reformation.\nIn 1800, during the War of the Second Coalition, the armies of the French First Republic, under command of Jean Victor Moreau, fought Habsburg regulars and W\u00fcrttemberg contingents, under the general command of P\u00e1l Kray. Kray had taken refuge in the fortress at Ulm; Moreau diverted his army to approach Ulm from the east and, after a small group of men captured a foothold on the northern bank of the Danube, his forces were able to move against the fortress on both sides of the river. At this battle, the culmination of the Danube Campaign of 1800, Moreau forced Kray to abandon Ulm and withdraw into eastern Bavaria.A university was established in 1549, but was closed by Napoleon in 1804. The philosophical and theological faculties still existed in the 20th century. In 1971, however, it became a part of the Bavarian Center for the Education and Training of Teachers and Personnel Management (Akademie f\u00fcr Lehrerfortbildung und Personalf\u00fchrung). One of the largest employers in the city is Bosch and Siemens Household Appliances, producer of household applicances.", "Q75083": "Adolph Woermann (10 December 1847 in Hamburg \u2013 4 May 1911 in the Gr\u00f6nwohld-Hof near Trittau) was a German merchant, shipowner and politician, who was also instrumental in the establishment of German colonies in Africa. In his time he was the largest German trader to West Africa and \u2013 with his Woermann-Linie \u2013 the largest private shipowner in the world.", "Q744955": "Harold George Bryant Davenport (January 19, 1866 \u2013 August 9, 1949) was an American film and stage actor who worked in show business from the age of six until his death. After a long and prolific Broadway career, he came to Hollywood in the 1930s, where he often played grandfathers, judges, doctors, and ministers. His roles include Dr. Meade in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Grandpa in Meet Me in St. Louis (1944). Bette Davis once called Davenport \"without a doubt [. . .] the greatest character actor of all time.\"", "Q927627": "The Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art, formerly the Webber Douglas School of Singing and Dramatic Art, was a drama school, and originally a singing school, in London. It was one of the leading drama schools in Britain, and offered comprehensive training for those intending to pursue a professional performance career. During its 100-year history, the Academy produced many established actors of stage and screen, including Angela Lansbury, Julian Fellowes, Shaun Williamson, Antony Sher, Donald Sinden, Hugh Bonneville, Minnie Driver, Amanda Root, Julia Ormond, Terence Stamp, Gregory Finnegan, Rupert Evans, Matthew Goode and John Sackville.The school was founded in London in 1926 as the Webber Douglas School of Singing, by Walter Johnstone Douglas and Amherst Webber. It was created from the singing academy founded in 1906 in Paris by Jean de Reszke. By 1932, the school had added full theatrical training to its curriculum, and was renamed the Webber Douglas School of Singing and Dramatic Art. It was located at 30 Clareville St in South Kensington.\nIn 2006, the academy was absorbed into the Central School of Speech and Drama. Many of the academy's past alumni have formed a theatre company dedicated to keeping the original spirit of the school alive.\nIn 2009 the Central School of Speech and Drama renamed its Embassy Studio the Webber Douglas Studio.\n\n", "Q205532": "The Wolfman is a 2010 American horror film directed by Joe Johnston and written by Andrew Kevin Walker and David Self, it is a remake of the 1941 film of the same name. Starring Benicio del Toro, Anthony Hopkins, Emily Blunt and Hugo Weaving, the plot follows an American man who is bitten and cursed by a werewolf after returning to his ancestral homeland.\nRick Baker and make-up effects supervisor Dave Elsey won the Academy Award for Best Makeup at the 83rd Academy Awards for their work.\nThe Wolfman was released in the United States on February 12, 2010 by Universal Pictures. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $139 million worldwide against its $150 million production budget, becoming a box office bomb.", "Q457991": "Siobhan Fallon Hogan (born May 13, 1961) is an American actress and comedian. She appeared in films such as Men in Black, Forrest Gump, The Negotiator, Holes, Daddy Day Care, Going in Style, and The House That Jack Built.", "Q88126": "Auguste Fickert (born 25 May 1855, Vienna - died 9 June 1910, Maria Enzersdorf, Austria) was a pioneering Austrian feminist and social reformer. Her politics were on the left wing of Austrian feminism and she allied with proletarian organizations in campaigns around education and legal protection for working-class women.", "Q368090": "Finn Jones (born Terence Jones; 24 March 1988) is an English actor known for his roles as Loras Tyrell in the HBO series Game of Thrones (2011\u20132016) and as Danny Rand in the Netflix television shows Iron Fist (2017\u20132018), The Defenders (2017), and Luke Cage (2018), which are set within the Marvel Cinematic Universe.", "Q169322": "Kitchen Stories (Norwegian: Salmer fra Kj\u00f8kkenet) is a 2003 Norwegian film by Bent Hamer, director of Eggs and O' Horten.", "Q137538": "Deng Pufang (simplified Chinese: \u9093\u6734\u65b9; traditional Chinese: \u9127\u6a38\u65b9; pinyin: D\u00e8ng P\u01d4f\u0101ng) (born 16 April 1944) is the first son of China's former Paramount leader Deng Xiaoping. He is mostly known for being crippled by the Red Guards and becoming a paraplegic. He has since dedicated his life to improving the rights of people with disabilities.", "Q4845479": "A grand couturier is a member of the French Chambre syndicale de la haute couture, part of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration fran\u00e7aise de la couture, du pr\u00eat-\u00e0-porter des couturiers et des cr\u00e9ateurs de mode.", "Q215721": "Theodore Meir Bikel ( bih-KEL; May 2, 1924 \u2013 July 21, 2015) was an Austrian-American actor, folk singer, musician, composer, unionist and political activist. He appeared in films including The African Queen (1951), Moulin Rouge (1952), The Enemy Below (1957), I Want to Live! (1958), My Fair Lady (1964), The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966) and 200 Motels (1971). For his portrayal of Sheriff Max Muller in The Defiant Ones (1958), he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.He made his stage debut in Tevye the Milkman in Tel Aviv, Israel, when he was in his teens. He later studied acting at Britain's Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and made his London stage debut in 1948 and in New York in 1955. He was also a widely recognized and recorded folk singer and guitarist. In 1959, he co-founded the Newport Folk Festival and created the role of Captain von Trapp opposite Mary Martin as Maria in the original Broadway production of Rodgers & Hammerstein's The Sound of Music. In 1969, Bikel began acting and singing on stage as Tevye in the musical Fiddler on the Roof, a role he performed more often than any other actor to date. The production won nine Tony Awards and was one of the longest-running musicals in Broadway history.\nBikel was president of the Associated Actors and Artistes of America until 2014, and was president of Actors' Equity in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He served as the Chair of the Board of Directors of Partners for Progressive Israel, where he also lectured.", "Q12018": "\u200b8 1\u20442 (Italian title: Otto e mezzo, pronounced [\u02c8\u0254tto e \u02c8m\u025bddzo]) is a 1963 Italian surrealist comedy-drama film directed by Federico Fellini and co-scripted by Fellini, Tullio Pinelli, Ennio Flaiano, and Brunello Rondi. It stars Marcello Mastroianni as Guido Anselmi, a famous Italian film director who suffers from stifled creativity as he attempts to direct an epic science fiction film. It is shot in black and white by cinematographer Gianni Di Venanzo and features a soundtrack by Nino Rota, with costume and set designs by Piero Gherardi.\n\u200b8 1\u20442 won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and Best Costume Design (black-and-white). It is acknowledged as an avant-garde film and a highly influential classic, and it was among the top 10 on BFI The Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time, ranked third in a 2002 poll of film directors conducted by the British Film Institute. It is also listed on the Vatican's compilation of the 45 best films made before 1995, the 100th anniversary of cinema. It is now considered to be one of the greatest films of all time.", "Q162277": "Alexander is a 2004 epic historical drama film based on the life of the Macedonian Greek general and king Alexander the Great. It was directed by Oliver Stone and starred Colin Farrell. The film's original screenplay derived in part from the book Alexander the Great, published in 1973 by the University of Oxford historian Robin Lane Fox. After release, while it performed well in Europe, the American critical reaction was negative. It grossed over $167 million worldwide against a $155 million budget.\nFour versions of the film exist, the initial theatrical cut and three home video director's cuts: the \"Director's Cut\" in 2005, the \"Final Cut\" in 2007 and the \"Ultimate Cut\" in 2013. The two earlier DVD versions of Alexander (\"director's cut\" version and the theatrical version) sold over 3.5 million copies in the United States. Oliver Stone's third version, Alexander Revisited: The Final Cut (2007), sold nearly a million copies as of 2012.", "Q510370": "George Lynch (born September 28, 1954) is an American hard rock guitarist and songwriter. Lynch is best known for his work with heavy metal band Dokken and his post-Dokken solo band, Lynch Mob. Lynch is considered to be one of the most influential and famous 1980s metal guitarists. He is known for his unique playing style and sound. He is ranked #68 on \"100 Greatest Guitarists Of All Time\" by Guitar World magazine and is also ranked #10 on \"Top 10 Metal Guitarists Of All Time\" by Gibson.", "Q486306": "Pensacola () is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle, and the county seat of Escambia County, Florida. As of 2018, the population was estimated to be 52,713. Pensacola is the principal city of the Pensacola Metropolitan Area, which had an estimated 494,883 residents as of 2018. Pensacola is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the Gulf Coast region, the largest between New Orleans and Tampa.Pensacola is the site of the first Spanish settlement within the borders of the continental United States in 1559, predating the establishment of St. Augustine by 6 years, although the settlement was abandoned due to a hurricane and not re-established until 1698. Pensacola is a seaport on Pensacola Bay, which is protected by the barrier island of Santa Rosa and connects to the Gulf of Mexico. A large United States Naval Air Station, the first in the United States, is located southwest of Pensacola near Warrington; it is the base of the Blue Angels flight demonstration team and the National Naval Aviation Museum. The main campus of the University of West Florida is situated north of the city center.\nThe area was originally inhabited by Muskogean-speaking peoples. The Pensacola people lived there at the time of European contact, and Creek people frequently visited and traded from present-day southern Alabama. Spanish explorer Trist\u00e1n de Luna founded a short-lived settlement in 1559. In 1698 the Spanish established a presidio in the area, from which the modern city gradually developed. The area changed hands several times as European powers competed in North America. During Florida's British rule (1763\u20131781), fortifications were strengthened.\nIt is nicknamed \"The City of Five Flags\", due to the five governments that have ruled it during its history: the flags of Spain (Castile), France, Great Britain, the United States of America, and the Confederate States of America. Other nicknames include \"World's Whitest Beaches\" (due to the white sand of Florida panhandle beaches), \"Cradle of Naval Aviation\", \"Western Gate to the Sunshine State\", \"America's First Settlement\", \"Emerald Coast\", \"Red Snapper Capital of the World\", and \"P-Cola\".", "Q387531": "Evan Brewer (born September 23, 1981) is an American bass player from Nashville, Tennessee. He is the former bassist of Entheos and technical death metal band The Faceless and has been involved in other bands such as Reflux and the last bassist to be a part of Animosity. He also released two solo albums under his own name. In 2011, he released his debut solo album titled Alone, and his second solo album, Your Itinerary, was released on July 16, 2013.", "Q266917": "Valerie Anne Bertinelli (born April 23, 1960) is an American actress and television personality. She portrayed Barbara Cooper Royer on the sitcom One Day at a Time (1975\u20131984), Gloria on the religious drama series Touched by an Angel (2001\u20132003) and Melanie Moretti on the sitcom Hot in Cleveland (2010\u20132015). Since 2015, she has hosted the cooking shows Valerie's Home Cooking and Kids Baking Championship on Food Network.", "Q165518": "Ewan Gordon McGregor (born 31 March 1971) is a Scottish actor known internationally for his various film roles, including independent dramas, science-fiction epics, and musicals.\nMcGregor's first professional role was in 1993, when he won a leading role in the British Channel 4 series Lipstick on Your Collar. Some of his best known roles include heroin addict Mark Renton in the drama films Trainspotting (1996) and T2 Trainspotting (2017), Obi-Wan Kenobi in the Star Wars prequel trilogy (1999\u20132005), poet Christian in the musical film Moulin Rouge! (2001), young Edward Bloom in Big Fish (2003), Rodney Copperbottom in Robots (2005), Camerlengo Father Patrick McKenna in Angels and Demons (2009), \"the ghost\" in Roman Polanski's political thriller The Ghost Writer (2010), Dr. Alfred Jones in the romantic comedy-drama Salmon Fishing in the Yemen (2011), Lumi\u00e8re in the live-action adaptation of the musical romantic fantasy Beauty and the Beast (2017), the adult version of the titular character in the fantasy comedy-drama Christopher Robin (2018) and the adult version of Dan Torrance in the horror film Doctor Sleep (2019). He appeared as DC Comics villain Black Mask in the Warner Bros./DCEU superhero film Birds of Prey (2020).\nIn 2018, McGregor won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Miniseries or Television Film for his performance as brothers in the third season of FX anthology series Fargo, and received Golden Globe nominations for Best Actor \u2013 Musical or Comedy for both Moulin Rouge! and Salmon Fishing in the Yemen. McGregor has also starred in theatre productions of Guys and Dolls (2005\u201307) and Othello (2007\u201308). He was ranked number 36 on Empire magazine's \"The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time\" list in 1997. In a 2004 poll for the BBC, McGregor was named the fourth most influential person in British culture.McGregor has been involved in charity work and has served as an ambassador for UNICEF UK since 2004. In 2013, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to drama and charity. In 2016, he received the BAFTA Britannia Humanitarian Award.", "Q868642": "Newcastle-under-Lyme ( NEW-kahss-\u0259l-, locally -\u2060kass-;), is a market town in Staffordshire, England. At the 2011 census it had a population of 75,082. It is part of the borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, which had a population of 128,264 in 2016, up from 123,800 in the 2011 Census.", "Q4751029": "Analjit Singh (born 11 January 1954) is the Founder Chairman Emeritus of Max Group. A multi business conglomerate, Max Group has interests in life insurance (Max Life), healthcare (Max Healthcare), health insurance (Max Bupa), Senior Living (Antara), Speciality packing (Max Speciality Films), Real Estate (Max Estates). He is the founder of Leeu Collection, an international collection of boutique hotels. He is also the Non-Executive Chairman of Vodafone India.", "Q292128": "AFM Records GmbH is a music label based in Schwalmstadt, Germany. They focus on the heavy metal musical genre, signing bands such as U.D.O., Doro, Lordi, Kotipelto, Masterplan, Nostradameus, and Annihilator.\nIn 2005, Candlelight Records signed a cooperative deal with AFM to mutually release and market several titles.The exclusive distribution in Greece is being carried out by Infinity Entertainment IKE.", "Q103845": "Fritz Achterberg (2 November 1880 \u2013 12 October 1971) was a German stage and film actor.", "Q132440": "Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales (7 January 1796 \u2013 6 November 1817) was the only child of George, Prince of Wales (later King George IV), and his wife, Caroline of Brunswick. Had she outlived both her grandfather King George III and her father, she would have become Queen of the United Kingdom; but she died at the age of 21, predeceasing them both.\nCharlotte's parents disliked each other from before their arranged marriage and soon separated. The Prince of Wales left most of Charlotte's care to governesses and servants, but only allowed her limited contact with Caroline, who eventually left the country. As Charlotte grew to adulthood, her father pressured her to marry William, Hereditary Prince of Orange (later King of the Netherlands). After initially accepting him, Charlotte soon broke off the intended match. This resulted in an extended contest of wills between her and her father, who finally permitted her to marry Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (later King of the Belgians). After a year and a half of happy marriage, Charlotte died after delivering a stillborn son.\nCharlotte's death set off tremendous mourning among the British, who had seen her as a sign of hope and a contrast both to her unpopular father and to her grandfather, whom they deemed mad. She had been King George III's only legitimate grandchild. The King's unmarried sons thus looked for wives and his fourth son, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, fathered the eventual queen, Victoria.", "Q15987": "Tuttlingen (Alemannic: Duttlinga) is a town in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, capital of the district Tuttlingen. Nendingen, M\u00f6hringen and E\u00dflingen are three former municipalities that belong to Tuttlingen. The district (Kreis) includes several surrounding towns including Trossingen, Spaichingen, and M\u00fchlheim an der Donau.\nTuttlingen is located in Swabia east of the Black Forest region in the Swabian Jura.", "Q96330": "Adolf Wahrmund (10 June 1827 \u2013 15 May 1913) was an Austrian-German orientalist.", "Q356156": "Bruce William Boxleitner (born May 12, 1950) is an American actor, and science fiction and suspense writer. He is known for his leading roles in the television series How the West Was Won, Bring 'Em Back Alive, Scarecrow and Mrs. King (with Kate Jackson), and Babylon 5 (as John Sheridan in seasons 2\u20135, 1994\u201398).\nHe is also known for his dual role as the characters Alan Bradley and Tron in the 1982 Walt Disney Pictures film Tron, a role which he reprised in the 2003 video game Tron 2.0, the 2006 Square-Enix/Disney crossover game Kingdom Hearts II, the 2010 film sequel, Tron: Legacy and the animated series Tron: Uprising. He co-starred in most of the Gambler films with Kenny Rogers, where his character provides comic relief.", "Q832216": "Betsie Larkin is an American vocalist, songwriter and guest writer/vocalist based in San Francisco, California, United States. Her first EDM collaborations with Ferry Corsten, \"Made of Love\" and \"Feel You\", appeared on Corsten's album Twice in a Blue Moon. Soon after its release, the single \"Made of Love\" made the top 40 in the Netherlands. In 2008 it was voted the fifth track overall on Armin Van Buuren's radio program A State of Trance, number one on Above and Beyond Group Therapy Radio, and reached the number one position on Corsten's Countdown's 100th episode. \"Made of Love\" was the second single and the first vocal track to be released from the Twice In A Blue Moon album. There is also an official video. Larkin joined Corsten as his tour kicked off in Malaysia and has joined him for numerous shows all over the globe.Other electronic dance music releases include \"A New Day\" with ATB on Kontor Records, \"Stronger Creature\" with Kenneth Thomas on Tetsuo Records, \"Love Again\" with Andy Moor, \"You Belong To Me\" with Bobina, and \"All The Way\" with Austin Leeds/Starkillers on Ultra Records, and \"Play it Back\" with Gabriel & Dresden on Organized Nature.\nIn 2011 Betsie released her first solo album on Black Hole recordings . All We Have Is Now features collaborations with: John O'Callaghan, Ferry Corsten, Super8 & Tab, Solarstone, Lange, Bobina, Sied van Riel, Bjorn Akesson, Giuseppe Ottaviani, and Rafael Frost. Some of the remixers include Manufactured Superstars, JQA, Soulshaker, Save The Robot, and Roger Shah. The singles reached high positions on Beatport and the Music Week club charts, and were supported by top DJs worldwide. Larkin enthuses about the process:This was an ambitious project, to say the least, but so rewarding in the end. It was really fun experiencing all of the different processes for writing. With some we started from one of my older alternative rock songs. In others I would lay down a very minimal piano with a vocal and let the producer create music around the idea. I only started from a producer\u2019s instrumental on one track, which was \u201cThe Offering\u201d with Sied van Riel. The real fun was in sending off a rough version of something I had written, and seeing how it came back to me after a few weeks with the producer. These guys are incredible at what they do, and working with them was a blast!\nThe album spawned a string of top 10 charting singles and Black Hole released a deluxe edition of All We Have Is Now that included thirty tracks, including remix versions and official videos.", "Q1706787": "Joseph Ferdinand Corr\u00e9 (born 30 November 1967) is a British activist and businessman, who co-founded Agent Provocateur in 1994.", "Q14441": "Liza May Minnelli (born March 12, 1946) is an American actress and singer, best known for her Academy Award-winning performance in Cabaret (1972), the film Arthur (1981), several hit albums and many other film and television appearances. She is famous for her energetic stage presence and her powerful alto singing voice. She is the daughter of actress and singer Judy Garland and director Vincente Minnelli. \nSeeking theatrical work, Minnelli moved to New York City in 1961, where she began her career as a musical theatre actress, nightclub performer and traditional pop music artist. She made her professional stage debut in the 1963 Off-Broadway revival of Best Foot Forward and won a Tony Award for starring in Flora the Red Menace in 1965, which marked the start of her lifelong collaboration with John Kander and Fred Ebb. They wrote, produced or directed many of Minnelli's future stage acts and TV shows and helped create her stage persona of a stylized survivor, including her career-defining performances of anthems of survival (\"New York, New York\", \"Cabaret\" and \"Maybe This Time\"). Along with her roles on stage and screen, this persona and her style of performance added to Minnelli's status as an enduring gay icon.Critically lauded for her early non-musical screen performances\u2014especially The Sterile Cuckoo (1969) which earned her an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress\u2014Minnelli rose to international stardom, starring in Cabaret and the Emmy Award-winning TV special Liza with a Z (1972). On June 22, 1969, she lost her mother, Judy Garland, who was 47 at her death. Most of her following films\u2014including Lucky Lady (1975), New York, New York (1977), Rent-a-Cop (1988) and Stepping Out (1991)\u2014were panned by the critics and bombed at the box office, and she had no more major movie hits except Arthur (1981). She returned to Broadway on a number of occasions, including The Act (1977), The Rink (1984) and Liza's at The Palace.... (2008), worked on various television formats and has predominantly focused on music hall and nightclub performances since the late 1970s. Her concert performances at Carnegie Hall in 1979 and 1987, and at Radio City Music Hall in 1991 and 1992 are recognized among her most successful. From 1988 to 1990, she toured with Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jr. in Frank, Liza & Sammy: The Ultimate Event.\nBest known for her renditions of pop standards, Minnelli's early 1960s pop singles were produced to attract a young audience, and her albums from 1968 to 1977 contained much of the contemporary singer-songwriter material. In 1989, she ventured into the contemporary pop scene by collaborating with the Pet Shop Boys on the album Results. After a hiatus due to serious health problems, Minnelli returned to the concert stage in 2002 with Liza's Back and was an acclaimed guest star in the sitcom Arrested Development between 2003 and 2013. Since the 2010s, she has avoided huge concert tours in favor of small retrospective performances.\n\n", "Q430922": "Paul Reiser (born March 30, 1956) is an American comedian, actor, writer, and musician. He is known for his roles as Michael Taylor in the 1980s sitcom My Two Dads, Paul Buchman in the NBC sitcom Mad About You, Modell in the 1982 film Diner, Carter Burke in the 1986 film Aliens, and more recently as Jim Neiman in the 2014 film Whiplash and Doug Getty in the Amazon Video series Red Oaks.\nReiser is ranked 77th on Comedy Central's 2004 list of the \"100 Greatest Stand-ups of All Time\". The name of Reiser's production company, Nuance Productions, is inspired by one of his lines in the film Diner, in which his character explains his discomfort with the word \"nuance\".\nReiser also stars in the Netflix supernatural-horror series Stranger Things as Dr. Sam Owens. Reiser appears in the second season of The Kominsky Method as Martin, the boyfriend of Mindy Kominsky.", "Q597551": "Giuliano Ferrara (born 7 January 1952) is an Italian politician, journalist, founding editor of Il Foglio, and TV presenter.", "Q1078764": "Christian Altenburger (born 7 September 1957) is an Austrian classical violinist.", "Q151695": "My Little Eye is a 2002 British horror film directed by Marc Evans about five adults who agree to spend six months together in an isolated mansion while being filmed at all times. The idea for the film came from reality television shows such as Big Brother. The title refers to the guessing game I spy.", "Q242889": "Antonia Christina Basilotta (born September 22, 1943), better known by her stage name Toni Basil, is an American singer, actress, choreographer, dancer, and filmmaker, best known for her multi-million-selling worldwide hit \"Mickey\" (1981), which reached No. 1 in several countries.", "Q141486": "The Mutteristock is a mountain in the Schwyzer Alps, which rises 2294 meters above sea level. It is located between the cantons of Glarus and Schwyz, Switzerland, overlooking the W\u00e4gitalersee and the Kl\u00f6ntalersee on its northern and southern side respectively. Its summit is the highest point of the subrange lying north of Pragel Pass. The mountain's slopes display bare limestone.", "Q971449": "Mihailo Vojislavljevi\u0107 (fl. 1050\u2013d. 1081) (Serbian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0412\u043e\u0458\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0435\u0432\u0438\u045b/Mihailo Vojislavljevi\u0107) was the king of Dioclea (Duklja), from 1050 to 1081 initially as a Byzantine vassal holding the title of protospatharios, then after 1077 as nominally serving Pope Gregory VII, addressed as \"King of the Slavs\". He had alienated himself from the Byzantines when he supported a Byzantine Slavic revolt in 1071\u201372, after which he then sought to gain support in the West. In 1077 he received a royal insignia by Gregory VII in the aftermath of the Church schism of 1054.", "Q354741": "Yelberton Abraham Tittle Jr. (October 24, 1926 \u2013 October 8, 2017) was a professional American football quarterback. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers, New York Giants, and Baltimore Colts, after spending two seasons with the Colts in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). Known for his competitiveness, leadership, and striking profile, Tittle was the centerpiece of several prolific offenses throughout his 17-year professional career from 1948 to 1964.\nTittle played college football for Louisiana State University, where he was a two-time All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) quarterback for the LSU Tigers football team. As a junior, he was named the most valuable player (MVP) of the infamous 1947 Cotton Bowl Classic\u2014also known as the \"Ice Bowl\"\u2014a scoreless tie between the Tigers and Arkansas Razorbacks in a snowstorm. After college, he was drafted in the 1947 NFL Draft by the Detroit Lions, but he instead chose to play in the AAFC for the Colts.\nWith the Colts, Tittle was named the AAFC Rookie of the Year in 1948 after leading the team to the AAFC playoffs. After consecutive one-win seasons, the Colts franchise folded, which allowed Tittle to be drafted in the 1951 NFL Draft by the 49ers. Through ten seasons in San Francisco, he was invited to four Pro Bowls, led the league in touchdown passes in 1955, and was named the NFL Player of the Year by the United Press in 1957. A groundbreaker, Tittle was part of the 49ers' famed Million Dollar Backfield, was the first professional football player featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated, and is credited with having coined \"alley-oop\" as a sports term.\nConsidered washed-up, the 34-year-old Tittle was traded to the Giants following the 1960 season. Over the next four seasons, he won several individual awards, twice set the league single-season record for touchdown passes, and led the Giants to three straight NFL championship games. Although he was never able to deliver a championship to the team, Tittle's time in New York is regarded among the glory years of the franchise.In his final season, Tittle was photographed bloodied and kneeling down in the end zone after a tackle by a defender left him helmetless. The photograph is considered one of the most iconic images in North American sports history. He retired as the NFL's all-time leader in passing yards, passing touchdowns, attempts, completions, and games played. Tittle was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1971, and his jersey number 14 is retired by the Giants.", "Q4007": "Rosenheim is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is an independent city located in the centre of the district of Rosenheim (Upper Bavaria), and is also the seat of its administration. It is located on the west bank of the Inn at the confluence of the rivers Inn and Mangfall, in the Bavarian Alpine Foreland. It is the third largest city in Upper Bavaria with over 61,000 inhabitants. Rosenheim is the economic centre and the busiest place in the region.\n\n", "Q66969": "Feldbrunnen-St.Niklaus is a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q526832": "Valzeina is a Swiss village in the Pr\u00e4ttigau and a former municipality in the political district of Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2011 Fanas and Valzeina were merged with the municipality of Gr\u00fcsch.", "Q123565": "Charles Bonnet (French: [b\u0254n\u025b]; 13 March 1720 \u2013 20 May 1793) was a Genevan naturalist and philosophical writer. He is responsible for coining the term phyllotaxis to describe the arrangement of leaves on a plant.Bonnet was from a French family driven into the Geneva region by the religious persecution in the 16th century.\n\n", "Q84734": "Christian August Lobeck (German: [\u02c8lo\u02d0b\u025bk]; 5 June 1781 \u2013 25 August 1860) was a German classical scholar.\nLobeck was born at Naumburg, in the Electorate of Saxony. After studying at the universities of Jena and Leipzig, he became Privatdozent at the University of Wittenberg in 1802, and in 1810 was appointed to a professorship there. Four years later, he accepted the chair of rhetoric and ancient literature at K\u00f6nigsberg, which he occupied till within two years of his death.\nHis literary activities were devoted to the history of Greek religion and to the Greek language and literature. His greatest work, Aglaophamus (1829), maintains, against the views put forward by G. F. Creuzer in his Symbolik (1810\u20131823), that the religion of the Greek mysteries (especially those of Eleusis) did not essentially differ from the national religion; that it was not esoteric, and that the priests as such neither taught nor possessed any higher knowledge of God; that the Oriental elements were a later importation.\nLobeck's edition of the Ajax of Sophocles (1809) had gained him a reputation a scholar and critic; his Phrynichus (1820), Paralipomena grammaticae Graecae (vol. I\u2013II; 1837), Pathologiae sermonis Graeci prolegomena (1843), and Pathologiae Graeci sermonis elementa (vol. I\u2013II; 1853\u201362) reveal his wide acquaintance with Greek grammar. He had little sympathy with comparative philology, holding that it needed a lifetime to acquire a thorough knowledge of a single language.\nSee the article by L. Friedl\u00e4nder in Allgemeine deutsche Biographie; Conrad Bursian's Geschichte der klassischen Philologie in Deutschland (1883); Lehrs, Popul\u00e4re Aufs\u00e4tze aus dem Altertum (2nd ed., Leipzig, 1875); L\u00fcdwich, Ausgew\u00e4hlte Briefe von und an Chr. Aug. Lobeck und K. Lehrs' (1894); also JE Sandys, History of Classical Scholarship (1st ed. 1908).", "Q154935": "500 Days of Summer (stylized as (500) Days of Summer) is a 2009 American romantic comedy-drama film by first-time director Marc Webb from a screenplay written by Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber, and produced by Mark Waters. The film stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Zooey Deschanel, and employs a nonlinear narrative structure, with the story based upon its male protagonist and his memories of a failed relationship.As an independent production, the film was picked up for distribution by Fox Searchlight Pictures and premiered at the 25th Sundance Film Festival. It garnered favorable reviews and became a successful \"sleeper hit\", earning over $60 million in worldwide returns, far exceeding its $7.5 million budget. Many critics lauded the film as one of the best from 2009 and drew comparisons to other acclaimed films such as Annie Hall (1977) and High Fidelity (2000).The film received Best Original Screenplay and Best Screenplay awards at the 14th Satellite Awards and 25th Independent Spirit Awards, respectively, as well as two nominations at the 67th Golden Globe Awards: Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy and Best Actor \u2013 Musical or Comedy (Gordon-Levitt).", "Q2960205": "Charles Schneider (June 28, 1898 \u2013 August 6, 1960) was a French businessman. He served as the Chairman of Schneider Electric from 1942 to 1960.", "Q92156": "Michail Lifits (born 1982) is a prizewinning German concert pianist who was born into a family of musicians in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.", "Q69482": "The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of the four Inns of Court in London to which barristers of England and Wales belong and where they are called to the Bar. (The other three are Middle Temple, Inner Temple and Gray's Inn.) Lincoln's Inn is recognised as being one of the world's most prestigious professional bodies of judges and lawyers.\nLincoln's Inn is situated in Holborn, in the London Borough of Camden, just on the border with the City of London and the City of Westminster, and across the road from London School of Economics and Political Science, Royal Courts of Justice and King's College London's Maughan Library. The nearest tube station is Holborn tube station or Chancery Lane.\nLincoln's Inn is the largest Inn, covering 11 acres (4.5 hectares). It is believed to be named after Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln.", "Q511046": "Jacob Aall (27 July 1773 \u2013 4 August 1844) was a Norwegian politician, historian, landowner and government economist.\nHe was born the son of Nicolai Benjamin Aall (1739-1798), who was a merchant in Porsgrunn, Norway and owner of Ulefos Manor. He was also the nephew of merchant Jacob Aall (1754-1826).", "Q49752": "Pierre de Ronsard (11 September 1524 \u2013 27 December 1585) was a French poet or, as his own generation in France called him, a \"prince of poets\".", "Q268912": "Mary Ellen Weber (born 1962) is an American executive, scientist, aviator, speaker, and a former NASA astronaut.", "Q981976": "Roy William Thomas Jr. (born November 22, 1940) is an American comic book writer and editor, who was Stan Lee's first successor as editor-in-chief of Marvel Comics. He is possibly best known for introducing the pulp magazine hero Conan the Barbarian to American comics, with a series that added to the storyline of Robert E. Howard's character and helped launch a sword and sorcery trend in comics. Thomas is also known for his championing of Golden Age comic-book heroes \u2013 particularly the 1940s superhero team the Justice Society of America \u2013 and for lengthy writing stints on Marvel's X-Men and The Avengers, and DC Comics' All-Star Squadron, among other titles.\nAmong the comic characters he co-created are Wolverine, Vision, Doc Samson, Carol Danvers , Luke Cage, Iron Fist, Ultron, Yellowjacket, Defenders, Man-Thing, Red Sonja, Adam Warlock, Morbius, Ghost Rider, Squadron Supreme, Invaders, Black Knight (Dane Whitman), Nighthawk, Havok, Banshee, Sunfire, Thundra, Arkon, Killraven, Wendell Vaughn, Red Wolf, Red Guardian, Daimon Hellstrom, Brother Voodoo and Valkyrie.\nThomas was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2011.", "Q82423": "George Joseph Hochbrueckner (born September 20, 1938) is a former Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York.", "Q3754860": "Jos\u00e9 Luis de Oriol y Urig\u00fcen, 2nd Marquis of Casa Oriol (1877\u20131972), was a Spanish businessman, architect and politician. As an architect he designed few historicist residential buildings, some of them very prestigious today. As a businessman he was the moving spirit behind Hidroel\u00e9ctrica Espa\u00f1ola and Talgo. As a politician he served as Conservative and Traditionalist MP, growing into a local \u00c1lava tycoon.", "Q59227": "Chaozhou (Chinese: \u6f6e\u5dde), alternatively transliterated as Chiuchow, Chaochow or Teochew, is a city in the eastern Guangdong province of China. It borders Shantou to the south, Jieyang to the southwest, Meizhou to the northwest, the province of Fujian to the east and the South China Sea to the southeast. It is administered as a prefecture-level city with a jurisdiction area of 3,110 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi) and a total population of 2,669,844.\nAlong with Shantou and Jieyang, Chaozhou is part of the Chaoshan region.", "Q49034": "Hedy Lamarr (), born Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler (9 November 1914 \u2013 19 January 2000), was an Austrian-American actress, inventor, and film producer. She was part of 30 films in an acting career spanning 28 years, and co-invented an early version of frequency-hopping spread spectrum.Lamarr was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, and acted in a number of Austrian, German, and Czech films, including the controversial Ecstasy (1933). After this brief early film career, she fled from her husband, a wealthy Austrian ammunition manufacturer, and secretly moved to Paris in 1937 and then onward to London. There she met Louis B. Mayer, head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) studio, who offered her a movie contract in Hollywood, where he began promoting her as the \"world's most beautiful woman\".She became a star with her performance in Algiers (1938), her first film made in the United States. Her other MGM films include Lady of the Tropics (1939), Boom Town (1940), Come Live with Me and H.M. Pulham, Esq. (both 1941), and White Cargo (1942). Dismayed by often being typecast, Lamarr co-founded a new production studio and starred in its films: The Strange Woman (1946), and Dishonored Lady (1947). Her greatest success was as Delilah in Cecil B. DeMille's Samson and Delilah (1949). She also acted on television before the release of her final film, The Female Animal (1958). She was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.At the beginning of World War II, Lamarr and composer George Antheil developed a radio guidance system for Allied torpedoes, intended to use frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology to defeat the threat of jamming by the Axis powers. She also helped improve aviation designs for Howard Hughes while they dated during the war. Although the US Navy did not adopt Lamarr and Antheil's invention until 1957, various spread-spectrum techniques are incorporated into Bluetooth technology and are similar to methods used in legacy versions of Wi-Fi. Recognition of the value of their work resulted in the pair being posthumously inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2014.", "Q5582862": "Cusco, often spelled Cuzco [\u02c8kusko] (Quechua: Qusqu, Qosqo [\u02c8q\u028asq\u028a], [\u02c8q\u0254sq\u0254]), is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cusco Region and of the Cusco Province. The city is the seventh most populous in Peru, and in 2017 it had a population of 428,450. Located on the eastern end of the Knot of Cuzco, its elevation is around 3,400 m (11,200 ft).\nThe city was the historic capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th century until the 16th-century Spanish conquest. In 1983, Cusco was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO with the title \"City of Cuzco\". It has become a major tourist destination, hosting nearly 2 million visitors a year. The Constitution of Peru designates it as the Historical Capital of Peru.", "Q314403": "Guillaume Canet (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0261ijom kane]; born 10 April 1973) is a French actor, film director and screenwriter, and show jumper.\nCanet began his career in theatre and television before moving to film. He starred in several films like Joyeux No\u00ebl, Love Me If You Dare and The Beach. In 2006, he turned to writing and directing with Tell No One and won a C\u00e9sar Award for Best Director.", "Q240720": "Deanna Russo (born October 17, 1979) is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles on the 2008 NBC version of Knight Rider and the 2014 USA Network television series Satisfaction.", "Q309": "History (from Greek \u1f31\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, historia, meaning 'inquiry; knowledge acquired by investigation') is the past as it is described in written documents, and the study thereof. Events occurring before written records are considered prehistory. \"History\" is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events. Scholars who write about history are called historians.\nHistory also includes the academic discipline which uses a narrative to examine and analyse a sequence of past events, and objectively determine the patterns of cause and effect that determine them. Historians sometimes debate the nature of history and its usefulness by discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a way of providing \"perspective\" on the problems of the present.Stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the tales surrounding King Arthur), are usually classified as cultural heritage or legends, because they do not show the \"disinterested investigation\" required of the discipline of history. Herodotus, a 5th-century BC Greek historian is often considered within the Western tradition to be the \"father of history\", or by some the \"father of lies\", and, along with his contemporary Thucydides, helped form the foundations for the modern study of human history. Their works continue to be read today, and the gap between the culture-focused Herodotus and the military-focused Thucydides remains a point of contention or approach in modern historical writing. In East Asia, a state chronicle, the Spring and Autumn Annals, was known to be compiled from as early as 722 BC although only 2nd-century BC texts have survived.\nAncient influences have helped spawn variant interpretations of the nature of history which have evolved over the centuries and continue to change today. The modern study of history is wide-ranging, and includes the study of specific regions and the study of certain topical or thematical elements of historical investigation. Often history is taught as part of primary and secondary education, and the academic study of history is a major discipline in university studies.", "Q238843": "Analeigh Christian Tipton (born November 9, 1988) is an American actress and fashion model. She is known for placing third on Cycle 11 of America's Next Top Model and for her roles in the films Crazy, Stupid, Love (2011), Warm Bodies (2013), and Two Night Stand (2014).", "Q216566": "Isaac Breuer (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05d9\u05d0\u05e8\u200e; 1883\u20131946) was a rabbi in the German Neo-Orthodoxy movement of his maternal grandfather Samson Raphael Hirsch, and was the first president of Poalei Agudat Yisrael.", "Q38815": "The Day of the Owl (Italian: Il giorno della civetta) is a 1968 film directed by Damiano Damiani.\n\n", "Q546678": "Erik Bosgraaf (born May 9, 1980) is a Dutch recorder player and musicologist.", "Q219655": "Carey Hannah Mulligan (born 28 May 1985) is an English actress. She made her professional acting debut on stage in the Kevin Elyot play Forty Winks at the Royal Court Theatre in 2004. Her film debut was with a supporting role in Pride & Prejudice (2005), followed by roles in television, including Bleak House (2005) and a Doctor Who episode, \"Blink\" (2007). She made her Broadway debut in The Seagull in 2008, which won her an Ian Charleson Commendation Award.\nMulligan's breakthrough performance was as a 1960s schoolgirl in the coming-of-age drama An Education (2009), for which she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Her leading role in the dystopian romantic-drama Never Let Me Go (2010) earned her a British Independent Film Award for Best Actress, and she was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for her performances in the action film Drive (2011) and the drama Shame (2011). In 2013 she starred in Baz Luhrman's The Great Gatsby, and the Coen Brothers' Inside Llewyn Davis. In 2015, she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play for her performance in the Broadway revival of David Hare's Skylight. In 2018, she starred in the crime miniseries Collateral and in Paul Dano\u2019s directorial film debut Wildlife.\nMulligan has been an ambassador for Alzheimer's Society since 2012, and an ambassador for War Child since 2014. She has been married to singer-songwriter Marcus Mumford since 2012; they have two children.\n\n", "Q108086": "Robert Zimmer (born October 25, 1953 in Trier, Germany) is a German philosopher and essayist who writes biographies and popular introductions to philosophy and to the history of philosophy.", "Q1691389": "Joseph Dolce (born October 13, 1947) (, originally ) is an American-Australian singer/songwriter, poet and essayist who achieved international recognition with his multi-million-selling song, \"Shaddap You Face\", released under the name of his one-man show, Joe Dolce Music Theatre, worldwide, in 1980\u20131981.The single reached number one in 15 countries, it has sold more than 450,000 copies in Australia, and for many years was the most successful Australian-produced single, selling an estimated six million copies worldwide. It reached No. 1 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart for eight weeks from November 1980.", "Q171223": "Ny\u00edregyh\u00e1za (Hungarian: [\u02c8\u0272i\u02d0r\u025bcha\u02d0z\u0252] (listen); German: Birkenkirchen; Romanian: Mestec\u0103ne\u0219ti) is a city in northeastern Hungary and the county capital of Szabolcs-Szatm\u00e1r-Bereg. With a population of 118,000, it is the seventh-largest city in Hungary and is one of the leading cities of Northern Hungary and of the northern part of the Great Hungarian Plain (Alf\u00f6ld). Its development has been ongoing since the 18th century, making it the economic and cultural center of the region. Its zoo, exhibiting more than 500 species, including rarities, is recognized throughout Europe.", "Q245880": "Aneurin Barnard (; born 8 May 1987) is a Welsh actor. He is known for playing Davey in Hunky Dory, Claude in The Truth About Emanuel, Bobby Willis in Cilla, Tim in Thirteen, King Richard III in The White Queen, and Gibson in Dunkirk.", "Q88668": "Anton Pointner (8 December 1894 in Salzburg \u2013 8 September 1949 in Hintersee) was an Austrian film actor.", "Q158869": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (also known as Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Animated Series, TMNT: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles or TMNT 2003) is an American animated television series, based on the fictional superhero team of the same name. The series is a first reboot of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The series is mainly set in New York City. It first aired on February 8, 2003 and ended on March 27, 2010. The series marked the revival of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles as a Saturday-morning cartoon. It first aired on Fox's Fox Box programming block (later known as 4Kids TV), before moving to The CW's The CW4Kids for its last season.\nTeenage Mutant Ninja Turtles was announced in May 2002 and produced by 4Kids Entertainment and Mirage Studios, which co-owned rights to the show and animated by Dong Woo Animation.\n\n", "Q301768": "Harsh Times is a 2005 American action crime film set in South Central Los Angeles. The film stars Christian Bale and Freddy Rodriguez, and was written and directed by David Ayer, who wrote the script for the Academy Award-winning 2001 film Training Day. The film was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Bauer Martinez Entertainment. Ayer says that the film's characters are largely based on the people he knew when he lived in South Central.", "Q1259060": "James Albert Bowen (born November 30, 1937) is an American record producer and former rockabilly singer. He is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business and holds an MBA with honors from Belmont University. He lives with his wife Ginger in Longmont, Colorado.\nBowen brought Nancy Sinatra and Lee Hazlewood together, and introduced Sinatra to Mel Tillis for their album, Mel & Nancy.", "Q1353559": "Mort Shuman (12 November 1938 \u2013 2 November 1991) was an American singer, pianist and songwriter, best known as co-writer of many 1960s rock and roll hits, including \"Viva Las Vegas\". He also wrote and sang many songs in French, such as \"Le Lac Majeur\", \"Allo Papa Tango Charlie\", \"Sha Mi Sha\", \"Un Et\u00e9 de Porcelaine\", and \"Brooklyn by the Sea\" which became hits in France.", "Q156844": "Get\u00falio Dornelles Vargas (Portuguese: [\u0292e\u02c8tulju do\u0281\u02c8n\u025blis \u02c8va\u0281\u0261\u0250s]; 19 April 1882 \u2013 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician, who served as president during two periods: the first was from 1930 to 1945, when he served as interim president from 1930 to 1934, constitutional president from 1934 to 1937, and dictator from 1937 to 1945. After resigning in 1945, Vargas returned to power as the democratically elected president in 1951, serving until his suicide in 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the longest of any president, and second in Brazilian history only to Emperor Pedro II among heads of state. He favored nationalism, industrialization, centralization, social welfare and populism \u2013 for the latter, Vargas won the nickname, \"the father of the poor\". Vargas is one of a number of populists who arose during the 1930s in Latin America, including Lazaro Cardenas and Juan Per\u00f3n, who promoted nationalism and pursued social reform. He was a proponent of workers' rights as well as a staunch anti-communist.\nVargas was brought to power by political outsiders and the rank-and-file of the Armed Forces in the Revolution of 1930; this was a reaction to his loss in the presidential election earlier that year. His ascent marked the end of the Brazilian Old Republic and the S\u00e3o Paulo-Minas alliance-dominated coffee-with-milk politics. He successfully influenced the outcome of the Brazilian presidential election of 1934, and used fears of a Communist uprising to institute an authoritarian corporatist regime in 1937 known as the New State, modeled on Mussolini's Italy, Salazar's Portugal and Franco\u2019s Spain. Vargas went on to appease and eventually dominate his supporters, and pushed his political agenda as he built a propaganda machine around his figure.\nVargas sought to transform Brazil from a plantation-based economy into an industrialized powerhouse, using government intervention. His embrace of developmentalism was expressed not only in strong rhetoric, but also by lending protection to domestic industries and by devoting much state funding to investment aimed at kick-starting \"strategic\" sectors and setting up the necessary infrastructure. Vargas created state monopolies for oil (Petrobras), mining (Vale), steelmaking (National Siderurgy Company), alkalis (National Alkalis Company) and automobiles (National Motors Factory). His policies shaped the Brazilian economic debate for decades, from the governments of Juscelino Kubitschek and leftist Jo\u00e3o Goulart to the right-wing military dictatorship of 1964 to 1985. The protectionist trend was reversed by the 1990s with the liberal reforms of Fernando Collor de Mello and Fernando Henrique Cardoso.\nWith the global rise of democracy in the aftermath of World War II, Vargas stepped down in 1945 and was succeeded by Jos\u00e9 Linhares the same year. Nevertheless, the economic growth that occurred under his administration made him a popular figure in Brazilian politics even after his resignation. His popularity awarded him a late presidential term in 1951, but growing political strife over his views and methods led to his suicide in 1954. He was the first president in the country to draw widespread support from the masses and is regarded as the most influential Brazilian politician of the twentieth century. He had also been a lawyer and landowner who occupied the 37th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1943 until his death.", "Q939357": "Seraf\u00edn Lizoain Vidondo (born 20 April 1964 in Pamplona, Spain) better known as Seraf\u00edn Zubiri is a singer, composer and piano player.", "Q307319": "W-inds (\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30ba, Uinzu, pronounced \"winds\" and stylized as w-inds.) is a Japanese pop boy band managed by Vision Factory and signed to the Pony Canyon label since 2000. The group consists of Ryohei Chiba, Keita Tachibana, and Ryuichi Ogata. Tachibana is the lead singer of the group, while Chiba and Ogata provide backing vocals and rap.\nW-inds released their debut single, \"Forever Memories\", in 2001. They were named \"Best New Artists\" at the Japan Cable Awards and Japan Record Awards for the release of \"Paradox.\" In addition to selling 5 million copies of CDs in Japan, W-inds has earned numerous awards and accolades from China, Hong Kong, and South Korea.", "Q96456": "Friedrich Alpers (25 March 1901 \u2013 3 September 1944) was a German Nazi politician and SS-Obergruppenf\u00fchrer. He was also a Minister of the Free State of Brunswick, and Generalforstmeister (General forest supervisor). Alpers was responsible for numerous political crimes in Brunswick. Alpers committed suicide in 1944, while in US custody.\n\n", "Q382307": "Gilda is a 1946 American film noir directed by Charles Vidor and starring Rita Hayworth in her signature role and Glenn Ford as a young thug. The film is known for cinematographer Rudolph Mat\u00e9's lush photography, costume designer Jean Louis's wardrobe for Hayworth (particularly for the dance numbers), and choreographer Jack Cole's staging of \"Put the Blame on Mame\" and \"Amado Mio\", sung by Anita Ellis. In 2013, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\".", "Q202507": "Jos\u00e9 Corti is a book shop and publishing house located in Paris, France, and was founded in 1925.\nIt is named after its founder, Jos\u00e9 Corticchiato (14 January 1895 \u2013 25 December 1984). Jos\u00e9 Corticchiato started his business by publishing the work of his surrealist friends, including Andr\u00e9 Breton, Paul \u00c9luard, and Louis Aragon.\nJos\u00e9 Corti's book shop is located in the Latin Quarter in Paris, at 11 Rue M\u00e9dicis, 75006 Paris (VI\u00e8me).\nThe firm was the lifelong publisher of French author Julien Gracq, and owns the publishing rights to Jan Potocki's masterpiece The Manuscript Found in Saragossa. Its motto is Rien de Commun, which means \"Nothing Commonplace\".", "Q340046": "Roya Hakakian (Persian: \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u06a9\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200e; born 1966) is a poet, journalist and writer. Born in Iran, she came to the United States as a refugee and is now a naturalized citizen.", "Q176558": "Annie Dillard (born April 30, 1945) is an American author, best known for her narrative prose in both fiction and non-fiction. She has published works of poetry, essays, prose, and literary criticism, as well as two novels and one memoir. Her 1974 work Pilgrim at Tinker Creek won the 1975 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction. From 1980, Dillard taught for 21 years in the English department of Wesleyan University, in Middletown, Connecticut.", "Q233902": "Romi Park (\u6734 \u7490\u7f8e, Paku Romi, born January 22, 1972) is a Korean\u2013Japanese actress, voice actress, and singer. Park graduated from the Toho Gakuen College of Drama and Music in Yonsei University and studied Korean at the Korean Language Institute (\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ud559\ub2f9). Park has won numerous awards, including the best actress in a leading role for her portrayal of Nana Osaki at the Seiyu Awards. Park is known for her roles as tough, calm and mature preteen or teenage boys who are often called prodigies in their fictional universes (for example, Tao Ren, Ken Ichijouji, T\u014dshir\u014d Hitsugaya, Edward Elric, Kosuke Ueki and Natsume Hy\u016bga). Her female roles also fit the \"tough/punk lady\" archetype (Temari from Naruto, Nana Osaki and Teresa of the Faint Smile in Claymore).", "Q280276": "Swordsman II, also known as The Legend of the Swordsman, is a 1992 Hong Kong wuxia film very loosely adapted from Louis Cha's novel The Smiling, Proud Wanderer. It was the second part of a trilogy: preceded by The Swordsman (1990) and followed by The East Is Red (1993). Directed by Ching Siu-tung, Swordsman II starred Jet Li, Brigitte Lin, Rosamund Kwan and Michelle Reis in the leading roles. None of the original cast from the previous film return except Fennie Yuen.", "Q298439": "Ab\u016b al-Waf\u0101\u02be, Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Ya\u1e25y\u0101 ibn Ism\u0101\u02bf\u012bl ibn al-\u02bfAbb\u0101s al-B\u016bzj\u0101n\u012b or Ab\u016b al-Waf\u0101 B\u016bzhj\u0101n\u012b (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u062c\u0627\u0646\u06cc or \u0628\u0648\u0698\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e) (10 June 940 \u2013 15 July 998) was a Persian mathematician and astronomer who worked in Baghdad. He made important innovations in spherical trigonometry, and his work on arithmetics for businessmen contains the first instance of using negative numbers in a medieval Islamic text.\nHe is also credited with compiling the tables of sines and tangents at 15 ' intervals. He also introduced the secant and cosecant functions, as well studied the interrelations between the six trigonometric lines associated with an arc. His Almagest was widely read by medieval Arabic astronomers in the centuries after his death. He is known to have written several other books that have not survived.", "Q350255": "William Forsythe (born June 7, 1955) is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of various gangsters and tough guys in films such as Raising Arizona, Gotti, Once Upon a Time in America, Stone Cold, Out For Justice, Things to Do in Denver When You're Dead, Dick Tracy, The Rock, American Me and The Devil's Rejects. He also played recurring characters in the series Boardwalk Empire, Justified, and John Doe.", "Q1506059": "The Modern Language Association of America, often referred to as the Modern Language Association (MLA), is the principal professional association in the United States for scholars of language and literature. The MLA aims to \"strengthen the study and teaching of language and literature\". The organization includes over 25,000 members in 100 countries, primarily academic scholars, professors, and graduate students who study or teach language and literature, including English, other modern languages, and comparative literature. Although founded in the United States, with offices in New York City, the MLA's membership, concerns, reputation, and influence are international in scope.", "Q319133": "Chaim Topol (Hebrew: \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d8\u05d5\u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u200e, born September 9, 1935), also spelled Haym Topol, mononymously known as Topol, is an Israeli actor, singer, comedian, voice artist, film producer, author, and illustrator. He is best known for his portrayal of Tevye the Dairyman, the lead role in the musical Fiddler on the Roof, on both stage and screen, having performed this role more than 3,500 times in shows and revivals from the late 1960s through to 2009.Topol began his acting career during his Israeli army service in the Nahal entertainment troupe, and later toured Israel with kibbutz theatre and satirical theatre companies. He was a co-founder of the Haifa Theatre. His breakthrough film role came in 1964 as the title character in Sallah Shabati, by Israeli writer Ephraim Kishon, for which he won a Golden Globe for Most Promising Newcomer\u2014Male. Topol went on to appear in more than 30 films in Israel and the United States, including Galileo (1975), Flash Gordon (1980) and For Your Eyes Only (1981). He was described as Israel's only internationally recognized entertainer from the 1960s through the 1980s. He won a Golden Globe for Best Actor and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his 1971 film portrayal of Tevye, and was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actor for a 1991 Broadway revival of Fiddler on the Roof.\nHe is a founder of Variety Israel, an organization serving children with special needs, and Jordan River Village, a year-round camp for Arab and Jewish children with life-threatening illnesses, for which he serves as chairman of the board. In 2015 he was awarded the Israel Prize for lifetime achievement.", "Q281168": "Acci\u00f3n mutante is a 1993 Spanish science fiction black comedy film co-written and directed by \u00c1lex de la Iglesia and produced by, among others, Pedro Almod\u00f3var.\n\n", "Q121400": "Petermann Etterlin (c. 1430/40 \u2013 c. 1509) was born in Lucerne as the son of Egloff Etterlin, who served as chronicler of the city of Lucerne from 1427 to 1453. Although his parents had destined him for an ecclesiastical career, Etterlin never became a clergyman. In 1464, Etterlin was appointed copyist of the city of Lucerne.Etterlin\u2019s military career began in 1468 when he joined the army of the Swiss Confederation at the siege of Waldshut. During a temporary exile from the city of Lucerne, Etterlin participated in the battles of Grandson, Murten and Nancy during the Burgundian Wars (M\u00fcller 397). In 1477, he was involved in a campaign against Lorraine.After his return to his hometown in 1477, Etterlin was appointed the post of chancellor of the city of Lucerne. In 1495, after his promotion to the position of chronicler of the city of Lucerne, Etterlin joined the leading French-minded party. From 1493 to 1501, Etterlin is reported to have made several journeys to France.Towards the end of his life, Etterlin embarked upon writing his Chronicle of the Swiss Confederation (German: Kronika von der loblichen Eydtgenossenschaft). According to M\u00fcller, Petermann Etterlin died in Lucerne in 1509, only two years after the completion of his monumental work.", "Q178575": "General Rafael Salvador L\u00f3pez Guti\u00e9rrez (11 May 1854 \u2013 16 March 1924) was President of Honduras between 1 February 1920 and 10 March 1924. A former general in the Honduran Army, Gutierrez attempted to extend his term in office past its designated end, and was forced from office. He died in Amapala on 16 March 1924, suffering from diabetes, after a failed attempt to escape to the United States for insulin treatment.\n\n", "Q203619": "Kemi (Northern Sami: Giepma; Swedish (historically):Kiemi) is a town and municipality of Finland. It is located very near the city of Tornio and the Swedish border. It was founded in 1869 by a decree of the Russian Emperor Alexander II because of its proximity to a deepwater port.\nKemi is situated on the Bothnian Bay, at the mouth of the river Kemijoki, and it is part of the Lapland region. The town has a population of 20,991 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 747.28 km2 (288.53 sq mi) of which 652.1 square kilometers (251.8 sq mi) are water. The population density is 220.17 inhabitants per square kilometre (570.2/sq mi).", "Q70879": "Thore Sch\u00f6lermann (born 26 September 1984 in Iserlohn, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German actor and television host.", "Q313378": "Joseph Anthony Pereira (born September 10, 1950), professionally known as Joe Perry, is an American musician and songwriter who is best known as the lead guitarist and founding member of the American rock band Aerosmith. Sometimes referred to as the \"Greatest American Rock Band of All-Time\" and the \"Bad Boys from Boston,\" Aerosmith has sold over 150 million albums worldwide and 70 million in the U.S. alone, making them one of the biggest selling artists of all-time.Perry also has his own solo band called The Joe Perry Project, and is a member of the All-Star band Hollywood Vampires with Alice Cooper and Johnny Depp.\nHe was ranked 84th in Rolling Stone's list of The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time and in 2001, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of Aerosmith. In 2013, Perry and his songwriting partner Steven Tyler were recipients of the ASCAP Founders Award and were also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In October 2014, Simon & Schuster released Rocks: My Life In and Out of Aerosmith, written by Perry with David Ritz.", "Q125666": "Anna Vladimirovna Shurochkina (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0428\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430; born 15 August 1990), better known by her stage name Nyusha (Russian: \u041d\u044e\u0301\u0448\u0430) is a Russian singer and songwriter. One of the most popular musicians in contemporary Russia, Nyusha has released eight number-one singles in Russia, holding the record for the greatest amount.\nThe daughter of former Laskovyi Mai member Vladimir Shurochkin, Nyusha began her career as a teenager, competing in New Wave 2008, where she placed seventh. Afterwards, she was signed to Warner Music Russia and released her debut studio album Vybirat chudo in 2010; the album went on to produce four number-one singles in Russia and Nyusha won Best Russian Act at the 2011 MTV Europe Music Awards. Her second studio album Obedineniye was later released in 2014, producing four more number-one singles and winning Nyusha the award for Best Russian Act again at the 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards.", "Q942929": "Yevgeny Alexeyevich Kiselyov (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0451\u0432, Ukrainian: \u0404\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432; born June 15, 1956) is a Russian television journalist. As the host of the NTV weekly news show Itogi in the 1990s, he became one of the nation's best known television journalists, criticizing government corruption and President Boris Yeltsin. In 2001, he left NTV following its takeover by the state-controlled company Gazprom, serving briefly as general manager of TV-6 before the government refused to renew its broadcasting license in January 2002. He later moved to Ukraine, where he became a presenter of various political talk shows.", "Q92624": "Daniel Singer \"Dan\" Bricklin (born on July 16, 1951), often referred to as \u201cthe father of the Spreadsheet,\u201d is the American co-creator, with Bob Frankston, of the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. He also founded Software Garden, Inc., of which he is currently president, and Trellix Corporation. He currently serves as the chief technology officer of Alpha Software.His book, Bricklin on Technology, was published by Wiley in May 2009.", "Q104870": "Knut Fleckenstein (born 20 December 1953) is a German politician and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Party of European Socialists.He was elected to the European Parliament in 2009, prior to which he had managed the Workers' Samaritan Federation in Hamburg.", "Q276286": "Boris Lvovich Rosing (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0433; 23 April 1869 (old style, 5 May 1869, new style). \u2013 20 April 1933) was a Russian scientist and inventor in the field of television.", "Q698816": "Mikhail Osipovich Dolivo-Dobrovolsky (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u041e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0432\u043e-\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; German: Michail von Dolivo-Dobrowolsky or Michail Ossipowitsch Doliwo-Dobrowolski; Polish: Micha\u0142 Doliwo-Dobrowolski; 2 January [O.S. 21 December 1861] 1862 \u2013 15 November [O.S. 3 November] 1919) was a Polish-Russian engineer, electrician, and inventor. \nAs one of the founders (the others were Nikola Tesla, Galileo Ferraris and Jonas Wenstr\u00f6m) of polyphase electrical systems, he developed the three-phase electrical generator and a three-phase electrical motor (1888) and studied star and delta connections. The triumph of the three-phase system was displayed in Europe at the International Electro-Technical Exhibition of 1891, where Dolivo-Dobrovolsky used this system to transmit electric power at the distance of 176 km with 75% efficiency. In 1891 he also created a three-phase transformer and short-circuited (squirrel-cage) induction motor. He designed the world's first three-phase hydroelectric power plant in 1891.", "Q277198": "Gra\u017cyna D\u0142ugo\u0142\u0119cka (born 25 August 1951 in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a) is a Polish film actress. She is best known for her performance as Ewa Pobratynska in The Story of Sin.", "Q445417": "Dedrick D'Mon Rolison (born August 9, 1971), better known by his stage name Mack 10, is an American rapper and actor. He has sold nearly 11 million records independently combining his solo and group works. Mack 10 made his first appearance on Ice Cube's 1994 \"Bootlegs & B-Sides\" compilation on the remixed track \"What Can I Do?\" and was a member of hip hop supergroup Westside Connection along with WC and Ice Cube. Mack 10 is also the founder of independent record label Hoo-Bangin' Records and got his stage name from the Ingram MAC-10 submachine gun.", "Q344220": "\u0130smet Atl\u0131 (1931 \u2013 4 April 2014) was a Turkish Olympic medalist sports wrestler in the Light heavyweight class and a trainer. He won the gold medal in Men's Freestyle wrestling at the 1960 Olympics.He was born 1931 in \u00c7ukur\u00f6ren village of Kozan district in Adana Province of southern Turkey. He began wrestling in 1950 and was trained by the renowned wrestlers Celal Atik and Ya\u015far Do\u011fu.\n\u0130smet Atl\u0131 competed at several international wrestling events successfully in both wrestling styles and participated at three consecutive Olympic Games in 1952, 1956 and 1960.\nAfter his retirement from the active sports in 1962, \u0130smet Atl\u0131 acted as a trainer. He also worked as a sports journalist.", "Q1088497": "The Big Four: Live from Sofia, Bulgaria is a live video with performances by Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, and Anthrax, the \"big four\" of American thrash metal. The concert took place on June 22, 2010 at the Sonisphere Festival at Vasil Levski National Stadium, Sofia, Bulgaria. It was shown at 450 movie theaters in the United States and over 350 movie theaters across Europe, Canada, and Latin America on June 22, 2010.\nReviews of the DVD were mostly favorable. Websites such as AllMusic and About.com were positive, though Blogcritics gave the DVD a mixed review. The DVD peaked at number one on the United States, United Kingdom, Austrian, and Canadian charts, and also charted on three other charts. It was certified gold in Germany, and provided Slayer with its first platinum certification.", "Q354033": "Joseph Fidler Walsh (born November 20, 1947) is an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. In a career spanning more than 50 years, he has been a member of five successful rock bands: James Gang, Barnstorm, Eagles, the Party Boys, and Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band. Walsh was also part of the New Zealand band Herbs. In the 1990s, he was a member of the short-lived supergroup The Best.\nWalsh has also experienced success both as a solo artist and as a prolific session musician, being featured on a wide array of other artists' recordings. In 2011, Rolling Stone placed him at the No. 54 spot on its list of \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\".In the mid-1960s, after attending Kent State University, Walsh played with several local Ohio-based bands before reaching a national audience as a member of the James Gang, whose hit song \"Funk #49\" highlighted his skill as both a guitarist and singer. Roger Abramson, a concert producer and artist manager, signed the James Gang to a management agreement with BPI in Cleveland. After leaving the James Gang in 1972, he formed Barnstorm with Joe Vitale, a college friend from Ohio, and Kenny Passarelli, a bassist from Colorado, where Walsh had moved after leaving Ohio. While the band stayed together for three albums over three years, its works were marketed as Walsh solo projects. The last Barnstorm album, 1974's So What contained significant guest contributions from several members of the Eagles, a group that had recently hired Walsh's producer, Bill Szymczyk.\nAt Szymczyk's suggestion, Walsh joined the Eagles in 1975 as the band's guitarist and keyboardist following the departure of their founding member Bernie Leadon, with Hotel California being his first album with the band. In 1998 a reader's poll conducted by Guitarist magazine selected the guitar solos on the track \"Hotel California\" by Walsh and Don Felder as the best guitar solos of all time. Guitar World magazine listed it at eighth of the Top 100 Guitar Solos.Besides his work with his several bands, he has released twelve solo studio albums, six compilation albums and two live albums. His solo hits include \"Rocky Mountain Way\", \"Life's Been Good\", \"All Night Long\", \"A Life of Illusion\" and \"Ordinary Average Guy\".\nAs a member of the Eagles, Walsh was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998, and into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2001. The Eagles are considered to be one of the most influential bands of the 1970s, and they remain one of the best-selling American bands in the history of popular music. His creative contribution to music has received praise from many of the best rock guitarists, including Led Zeppelin's Jimmy Page, who said, \"He has a tremendous feel for the instrument. I've loved his style since the early James Gang.\" Eric Clapton said that \"He's one of the best guitarists to surface in some time. I don't listen to many records, but I listen to his.\" The Who's guitarist, Pete Townshend, said \"Joe Walsh is a fluid and intelligent player. There're not many like that around.\"", "Q57578": "Herbert Friedrich Wilhelm Backe (1 May 1896 \u2013 6 April 1947) was a German politician and SS functionary during the Nazi era. He was a doctrinaire racial ideologue, a long-time associate of Richard Walther Darr\u00e9 and a personal friend of Reinhard Heydrich. He developed and implemented the Hunger Plan that envisioned death by starvation of millions of Slavic and Jewish \"useless eaters\" following Operation Barbarossa, the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union.\nThis plan was developed during the planning phase for the Wehrmacht (German Armed Forces) invasion and provided for diverting of the Ukrainian food stuffs away from central and northern Russia and redirecting them for the benefit of the invading army and the population in Germany. As a result, millions of civilians died in the German-occupied territories. Arrested in 1945 and due to be tried for war crimes at Nuremberg in the Ministries Trial, he committed suicide in prison in 1947.", "Q354755": "Giulio Angioni (28 October 1939 \u2013 12 January 2017) was an Italian writer and anthropologist.", "Q707844": "The All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights (German: Gesamtdeutscher Block/Bund der Heimatvertriebenen und Entrechteten or GB/BHE) was a right-wing political party in West Germany, which acted as an advocacy group of the Germans fled and expelled in and after World War II.\nThe German Federal Expellee Law is considered a major achievement of the GB/BHE.", "Q434588": "Gerardo Vera Perales (Miraflores de la Sierra, Madrid, 10 March 1947) is a Spanish costume and set designer, opera director, actor, film and theatre director. \nHe studied English Language and Literature in the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Theatre in the University of Exeter. He was the director of the Centro Dram\u00e1tico Nacional (national theatre of Spain) from June 2004 to December 2011.He has directed these films:\n\nLa otra historia de Rosendo Ju\u00e1rez (1990).\nUna mujer bajo la lluvia (1992)\nLa Celestina (1994)\nSecond Skin (2000).\nDeseo (2003).His staging of the play Divinas Palabras, by Ram\u00f3n Mar\u00eda del Valle-Incl\u00e1n, was performed at the Lincoln Center Festival 2007, in New York.He has won a Goya Award for Costume Design in 1986 for the film El amor brujo, by Carlos Saura, and a Goya Award for Best Art Direction for The Girl of Your Dreams, directed by Fernando Trueba. In 1988, he was awarded the Spanish National Theater Prize.\n\n", "Q123571": "Larry McKeon (June 30, 1944 \u2013 May 13, 2008) was an American politician who served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from Chicago. Serving from January 1997 to January 2007, he was the first-ever openly gay member of the Illinois General Assembly and was also HIV-positive.McKeon died at the age of 63 in Springfield, Illinois, after suffering a stroke. Following his death, numerous political figures issued statements praising his life and achievements, including U.S. Sen. Barack Obama, Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich and Howard Dean, chairman of the Democratic National Committee.He held degrees from California State University at Los Angeles and completed some doctoral work at the University of Chicago. A veteran of the United States Army, McKeon had been a lieutenant with the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department before moving to Chicago.McKeon was elected to the House in 1996 from a Chicago district then-numbered the 34th and was sworn in the following January. He served on the committees on Labor, Aging, and several other subjects. During the 2002 redistricting, his district became the 13th.\nMcKeon was inducted into the Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame in 1997.In July 2006, he announced his intention to retire from the legislature at the end of his term in January 2007. As he had already won the March 2006 Democratic primary election without opposition and thus had become the party's nominee for re-election, it fell to the five Democratic ward committeemen in his district to select a replacement nominee, who would run with no Republican opponent in the November 2006 general election. They selected the openly gay (and openly HIV-positive) Greg Harris.\nMany of McKeon's campaigns won the backing of the Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund.In 1991 his longtime partner, Ray Korzinski, was diagnosed with AIDS, dying just 12 weeks later.\n\n", "Q152388": "Theodor W. Adorno (; German: [\u02c8te\u02d0odo\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u0294a\u02c8d\u0254\u0250\u032fno]; born Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund; September 11, 1903 \u2013 August 6, 1969) was a German philosopher, sociologist, psychologist, musicologist, and composer known for his critical theory of society.\nHe was a leading member of the Frankfurt School of critical theory, whose work has come to be associated with thinkers such as Ernst Bloch, Walter Benjamin, Max Horkheimer, Erich Fromm, and Herbert Marcuse, for whom the works of Freud, Marx, and Hegel were essential to a critique of modern society. He is regarded as one of the 20th century's foremost thinkers on aesthetics and philosophy, as well as one of its preeminent essayists. As a critic of both fascism and what he called the culture industry, his writings\u2014such as Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947), Minima Moralia (1951) and Negative Dialectics (1966)\u2014strongly influenced the European New Left.\nAmidst the vogue enjoyed by existentialism and positivism in early 20th-century Europe, Adorno advanced a dialectical conception of natural history that critiqued the twin temptations of ontology and empiricism through studies of Kierkegaard and Husserl. As a classically trained pianist whose sympathies with the twelve-tone technique of Arnold Schoenberg resulted in his studying composition with Alban Berg of the Second Viennese School, Adorno's commitment to avant-garde music formed the backdrop of his subsequent writings and led to his collaboration with Thomas Mann on the latter's novel Doctor Faustus, while the two men lived in California as exiles during the Second World War. The reputation of his work on music, however, has sharply declined over time. Working for the newly relocated Institute for Social Research, Adorno collaborated on influential studies of authoritarianism, antisemitism and propaganda that would later serve as models for sociological studies the Institute carried out in post-war Germany.\nUpon his return to Frankfurt, Adorno was involved with the reconstitution of German intellectual life through debates with Karl Popper on the limitations of positivist science, critiques of Heidegger's language of authenticity, writings on German responsibility for the Holocaust, and continued interventions into matters of public policy. As a writer of polemics in the tradition of Nietzsche and Karl Kraus, Adorno delivered scathing critiques of contemporary Western culture. Adorno's posthumously published Aesthetic Theory, which he planned to dedicate to Samuel Beckett, is the culmination of a lifelong commitment to modern art which attempts to revoke the \"fatal separation\" of feeling and understanding long demanded by the history of philosophy and explode the privilege aesthetics accords to content over form and contemplation over immersion.\n\n", "Q165524": "Tobias Vincent Maguire (born June 27, 1975) is an American actor and film producer. He is best known for his role as Peter Parker / Spider-Man in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy (2002\u20132007). His other major films include Pleasantville (1998), Ride with the Devil (1999), The Cider House Rules (1999), Wonder Boys (2000), Seabiscuit (2003), The Good German (2006), Brothers (2009), and The Great Gatsby (2013).\nHe was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild and Golden Globe Awards, and received two Saturn Awards, including one for Best Actor. He established his own production company in 2012 called Material Pictures, and co-produced Good People that same year. In 2014, he produced and starred as Bobby Fischer in Pawn Sacrifice.", "Q36192": "Folklore is the expressive body of culture shared by a particular group of people; it encompasses the traditions common to that culture, subculture or group. These include oral traditions such as tales, proverbs and jokes. They include material culture, ranging from traditional building styles to handmade toys common to the group. Folklore also includes customary lore, the forms and rituals of celebrations such as Christmas and weddings, folk dances and initiation rites. Each one of these, either singly or in combination, is considered a folklore artifact. Just as essential as the form, folklore also encompasses the transmission of these artifacts from one region to another or from one generation to the next. Folklore is not something one can typically gain in a formal school curriculum or study in the fine arts. Instead, these traditions are passed along informally from one individual to another either through verbal instruction or demonstration. The academic study of folklore is called folklore studies or folkloristics, and it can be explored at undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. levels.", "Q112974": "Franz Xaver Dieringer was a Catholic theologian, b. 22 August 1811, at Rangendingen (Hohenzollern-Hechingen); d. 8 September 1876, at Veringendorf (today a district of Veringenstadt).", "Q462916": "Anke Feller (born 26 September 1971 in G\u00f6ttingen) is a retired German sprinter, who specialized in the 400 metres.\nHer personal best time is 51.82 seconds, achieved in July 1999 in Erfurt.", "Q782682": "Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (also known as IIT Kanpur or IITK) is a public technical and research university located in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. It was declared to be an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India under the Institutes of Technology Act.\nEstablished in 1960 as one of the first Indian Institutes of Technology, the institute was created with the assistance of a consortium of nine US research universities as part of the Kanpur Indo-American Programme (KIAP).", "Q558334": "The Libertarian Party (LP) is a political party in the United States that promotes civil liberties, non-interventionism, laissez-faire capitalism, and limiting the size and scope of government. The party was conceived in August 1971 at meetings in the home of David F. Nolan in Westminster, Colorado, and was officially formed on December 11, 1971 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The founding of the party was prompted in part due to concerns about the Nixon administration, the Vietnam War, conscription, and the introduction of fiat money.The party generally promotes a classical liberal platform, in contrast to the Democratic Party's modern liberalism and progressivism and the Republican Party's conservatism. Gary Johnson, the party's presidential nominee in 2012 and 2016, states that the Libertarian Party is more culturally liberal than Democrats, and more fiscally conservative than Republicans. Current fiscal policy positions include lowering taxes, abolishing the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), decreasing the national debt, allowing people to opt out of Social Security and eliminating the welfare state, in part by utilizing private charities. Current cultural policy positions include ending the prohibition of illegal drugs, advocating criminal justice reform, supporting same-sex marriage, ending capital punishment and supporting gun ownership rights.\nWhile it is currently the third largest political party in the United States by voter registration, it currently has no members in Congress, or governorships, and over the past decade, has had fewer than 10 members elected to state legislatures or other state office. There are 609,234 voters (0.53% of total electorate) registered as Libertarian in the 31 states that report Libertarian registration statistics and Washington, D.C. The Libertarian Party was the party under which the first electoral vote was cast for a woman (Tonie Nathan) for Vice President in the 1972 United States presidential election due to a faithless elector.", "Q345658": "Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u043e\u0301\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432; 23 November 1935 \u2013 30 June 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 11 missions. The second mission terminated fatally.\n\n", "Q870031": "Monte Boglia (also known as Colma Regia) is a mountain whose peak is along the border of Ticino, Switzerland and Lombardy, Italy. It reaches an elevation of 1,516 metres and overlooks Lake Lugano on its southern side.", "Q188692": "Rodolfo Alfonso Raffaello Pierre Filiberto Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguella (May 6, 1895 \u2013 August 23, 1926), known professionally as Rudolph Valentino, was an Italian actor based in the United States who starred in several well-known silent films including The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Sheik, Blood and Sand, The Eagle, and The Son of the Sheik.\nHe was an early pop icon, and a sex symbol of the 1920s, who was known in Hollywood as the Latin Lover (a title invented for him by Hollywood moguls), The Great Lover, or simply Valentino. His premature death at the age of 31 caused mass hysteria among his fans and further propelled his status as a cultural film icon.", "Q199947": "Premendra Mitra (1904\u20131988) was an Indian poet, novelist, short story and thrillers writer and film director in the Bengali language. He was also a practitioner of Bengali science fiction. His critique of humanity led him to believe that for it to survive, human beings had to \"forget their differences and be united\".", "Q49746": "Michel de Ghelderode (3 April 1898 \u2013 1 April 1962) was an avant-garde Belgian dramatist, of Flanders, who spoke and wrote in French. His works often deal with the extremes of human experience, from death and degradation to religious exaltation. His name, Michel de Ghelderode, is a pseudonym, he was born Ad\u00e9mar Adolphe Louis Martens. He wrote plays and short stories, and was a noted letter writer.", "Q186867": "The Austrian People's Party (German: \u00d6sterreichische Volkspartei; \u00d6VP) is a conservative and Christian-democratic political party in Austria. An unofficial successor to the Christian Social Party of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was founded immediately following the reestablishment of the Republic of Austria in 1945 and since then has been one of the two largest Austrian political parties with the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SP\u00d6). In federal governance, the \u00d6VP has spent most of the postwar era in a grand coalition with the SP\u00d6. However, the \u00d6VP won the 2017 election, having the greatest number of seats and formed a coalition with the right-wing populist Freedom Party of Austria (FP\u00d6). Its chairman Sebastian Kurz is the youngest Chancellor in Austrian history and currently the world's youngest leader.", "Q10633": "Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon (4 August 1900 \u2013 30 March 2002) was the wife of King George VI, and the mother of Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon. She was queen of the United Kingdom and the Dominions from her husband's accession in 1936 until his death in 1952, after which she was known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, to avoid confusion with her daughter. She was the last empress of India.\nBorn into a family of British nobility, she came to prominence in 1923 when she married the Duke of York, the second son of King George V and Queen Mary. The couple and their daughters embodied traditional ideas of family and public service. She undertook a variety of public engagements and became known for her consistently cheerful countenance.In 1936, her husband unexpectedly became king when his older brother, Edward VIII, abdicated in order to marry the American divorc\u00e9e Wallis Simpson. Elizabeth then became queen. She accompanied her husband on diplomatic tours to France and North America before the start of the Second World War. During the war, her seemingly indomitable spirit provided moral support to the British public. After the war, her husband's health deteriorated and she was widowed at the age of 51. Her elder daughter, aged 25, became the new queen.\nAfter the death of Queen Mary in 1953, Elizabeth was viewed as the matriarch of the British royal family. In her later years, she was a consistently popular member of the family, even when other members were suffering from low levels of public approval. She continued an active public life until just a few months before her death at the age of 101 years, 238 days, which was seven weeks after the death of her younger daughter, Princess Margaret.", "Q68950": "Einsiedeln (German pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u026anzi\u02d0dl\u0329n]) is a municipality and district in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland known for its monastery, the Benedictine Einsiedeln Abbey, established in the 10th century.", "Q521191": "Nino Alberto Arbasino (22 January 1930 \u2013 23 March 2020) was an Italian writer, essayist, and politician.", "Q200476": "Juan Bravo Murillo (24 June 1803 \u2013 11 February 1873) was a Spanish politician, jurist and economist. He was president of the council of ministers of Spain (equivalent to the present-day position of prime minister / president of the government) from 14 January 1851 to 14 December 1852 during the reign of Isabella II.", "Q720223": "Andrew Hughes (\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30e5\u30fc\u30fb\u30d2\u30e5\u30fc\u30ba, Andory\u00fb Hy\u00fbzu, 1908-September 1, 1996) was a Turkish-born actor and business executive best known for acting in several Japanese films. His most notable role was that of Adolf Hitler in the 1965 Japanese comedy [Crazy Adventure].Hughes has also appeared in films such as King Kong Escapes (1967), Destroy All Monsters (1968), Tidal Wave (1973), ESPY (1974), and Sayonara Jupiter (1984). He also starred in the Hollywood films The Last Voyage (1960) and Flight from Ashiya (1964) (both partially filmed and set in Japan).", "Q1739563": "Kero One is a Korean-American hip hop MC, producer, and DJ from San Francisco, California. He has been recognized for re-introducing the jazz rap sound in the early to mid 2000s with his jazz-hop album Windmills of the Soul.", "Q6636185": "Somdech Norodom Narindrapong(Khmer: \u1793\u179a\u17c4\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1798 \u1793\u179a\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u179a\u17d2\u1791\u1796\u1784\u17d2\u179f) was a Prince of Cambodia. He was born in Phnom Penh on 18 September 1954 to King Father Norodom Sihanouk and Queen Mother Norodom Monineath Sihanouk. The prince studied philosophy, criminology, and law at the Moscow State University, and spoke fluent French and Russian. Prince Narindrapong died in his Paris apartment from a heart attack on 7 October 2003 at the age of 49. He was married and had two daughters:\n\nPrincess Norodom Simonarine (born August 1984)\nPrincess Norodom Moninouk (born March 1987)He was the younger full brother of King Norodom Sihamoni and half-brother to 12 other surviving siblings.\n\n", "Q192812": "Hayden Christensen (born April 19, 1981) is a Canadian actor and producer. He began his career on Canadian television at the age of 13, then diversified into American television in the late 1990s. He was praised for his acting as Sam in Life as a House (2001), earning Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. Christensen gained international fame for his portrayal of Anakin Skywalker / Darth Vader in the Star Wars prequel trilogy films, Star Wars: Episode II \u2013 Attack of the Clones (2002) and Star Wars: Episode III \u2013 Revenge of the Sith (2005). His honours for these films include a nomination for the Saturn Award for Best Actor and the Cannes Film Festival Revelation Award. He also received critical acclaim for his portrayal of Stephen Glass in the film Shattered Glass.", "Q289252": "Gregg Sulkin (born 29 May 1992) is a British actor. He made his film debut in the 2002 Doctor Zhivago mini-series. He later landed the starring role in the 2006 British release Sixty Six, and subsequently became known for appearing in the Disney Channel comedy series As the Bell Rings and Wizards of Waverly Place. In 2010, he starred in the Disney Channel television film Avalon High. He also appeared in the television special The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex. He starred on MTV's show Faking It as Liam Booker from 2014 until its cancellation in 2016. He also appeared on Pretty Little Liars as Ezra's brother, Wesley \"Wes\" Fitzgerald. In 2016, he starred in the role of Sam Fuller in the horror-thriller film Don't Hang Up. He starred as Chase Stein in the TV show Runaways, based on the Marvel Comics series of the same name.\n\n", "Q168000": "The American University (AU or American) is a private research university in Washington, D.C. Its main campus spans 90 acres (36 ha) at the former site of Fort Gaines on Ward Circle, in the Spring Valley neighborhood in the northwest of the District. AU was chartered by an Act of Congress in 1893 at the urging of Methodist bishop John Fletcher Hurst, who sought to create an institution that would promote public service, internationalism, and pragmatic idealism. AU broke ground in 1902, opened in 1914, and admitted its first undergraduates in 1925. Although affiliated with the United Methodist Church, religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission.\nAmerican University has eight schools and colleges: the School of International Service, College of Arts and Sciences, Kogod School of Business, School of Communication, School of Professional and Extended Studies, School of Public Affairs, School of Education, and the Washington College of Law (WCL). It has over 160 programs, including 71 bachelor's degrees, 87 master's degrees, and 10 doctoral degrees, as well as JD, LLM, and SJD programs. AU's student body numbers over 13,000 and represents all 50 U.S. states and 141 countries; around a fifth of students are international. Its prominent alumni include numerous journalists, media personalities, ambassadors, and Congress members. American University is one of the top five feeder schools to the U.S. Foreign Service, Congressional staff, and other governmental agencies. In 2018, The Princeton Review ranked American University 1st for Top Colleges with the Most Politically Active Students.", "Q63805": "Thorwald Proll (born 22 July 1941 in Kassel, Hesse-Nassau) is a writer and was active in the German student movement in the 1960s.\nOn 2 April 1968, along with Andreas Baader, Horst S\u00f6hnlein and Gudrun Ensslin, he set fire to two department stores in Frankfurt as a protest against the Vietnam War. All four were arrested two days later.All four of the defendants were convicted of arson and endangering human life and were sentenced to three years in prison. In June 1969, they were temporarily paroled under an amnesty for political prisoners, but in November of that year, the Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) ordered that they return to custody. Horst S\u00f6hnlein complied with the order; Thorwald Proll and the others went underground and made their way to France, where they stayed for a time in a house owned by prominent French journalist and revolutionary, R\u00e9gis Debray.\nThorwald Proll's sister, Astrid, was introduced to the group by him. She joined Baader, Ensslin and others in forming the Red Army Faction. However, Thorwald Proll turned away from the group and in December left Paris for England.On 21 November 1970, he turned himself in to the public prosecutor's office in Berlin. In October 1971, he was released early from prison.\nAfter the release from custody Proll worked as, amongst other things, as a waiter, salesman and a lecturer.\nSince 1978, Thorwald Proll has lived in Hamburg as a poet, author and a bookseller.", "Q468585": "Catherine Malfitano (born 18 April 1948) is an American operatic soprano and opera director. Malfitano was born in New York City, the daughter of a ballet dancer mother, Maria Maslova, and a violinist father, Joseph Malfitano. She attended the High School of Music and Art and studied at the Frank Corsaro Studio and Manhattan School of Music, graduating in 1971. She often mentions that she was rejected from The Juilliard School.", "Q89204": "Heinrich Franz Bernhard M\u00fcller (May 13, 1851 in Breslau \u2013 April 24, 1925 in Grunewald, Berlin, known as M\u00fcller-Breslau from around 1875 to distinguish him from other people with similar names) was a German civil engineer and high school teacher. He provided significant contributions to the theory of beams and frames in structural analysis.\nM\u00fcller-Breslau was both a practicing engineer and theoretical researcher during his lifetime. He brought the previously separate elements of classical structural analysis together in a unified theory of beams and frames. He systematized the computational methods, in particular the principle of virtual displacements, and applied the energy sets systematically. He also calculated structures of airships.\nAfter finishing school in 1869, he fought in the war of 1870/71, after which he began to study at the Berlin Trade Academy in 1871. He also attended lectures in mathematics taught by Elwin Bruno Christoffel and Karl Weierstrass at Berlin University. As a student he helped fellow students of the School of Architecture with their revision of structural analysis and prepared them for the second state examination. Based on this teaching he compiled his first textbook Elementares Handbuch der Festigkeitslehre (Elementary handbook of the strength of materials) in 1875. Two years later he wrote contributions on elasticity and strength as well as structural mechanics for H\u00fctte - Des Ingenieurs Tachenbuch (H\u00fctte's engineer's handbook).", "Q253990": "Fr\u00e9hel (French: [f\u0281e.\u025bl]; born Marguerite Boulc'h; 13 July 1891 \u2013 3 February 1951) was a French singer and actress.", "Q1207108": "Gongzhuling (simplified Chinese: \u516c\u4e3b\u5cad; traditional Chinese: \u516c\u4e3b\u5dba; pinyin: G\u014dngzh\u01d4l\u01d0ng, literally \"Princess Ridge\") is a city in western Jilin province of Northeast China located halfway between Siping City and Changchun, along the main railway line in the Northeast. Major employers in the city include Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, located on the north side of the railway and several factories which manufacture auto parts. There is major military presence in the area, including a PLA base and a military airport.", "Q446678": "Annika Thor (born July 2, 1950) is a Swedish author and screenwriter from Sweden who has won the August Prize for Truth or Dare in 1997.\n\n", "Q600859": "Rob \"Blasko\" Nicholson (born November 24, 1969) is a heavy metal bassist. His influences include the metal bands Iron Maiden, Mot\u00f6rhead and Corrosion of Conformity. He performed on Rob Zombie's solo albums, and is currently part of Ozzy Osbourne's band. He is also noted for his contribution as bassist to metal band Cryptic Slaughter within underground metal circles.", "Q244234": "John Michael Turturro (; born February 28, 1957) is an American actor, writer and filmmaker, known for his association with the independent film movement. He has appeared in over sixty feature films and has worked frequently with the Coen brothers, Adam Sandler and Spike Lee. He began acting on-screen in the early 1980s, with his mainstream breakthrough coming with Lee's Do the Right Thing (1989) and the Coens' Miller's Crossing (1990) and Barton Fink (1991), for which he won the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival. His subsequent roles included Herb Stempel in Quiz Show (1994), Jesus Quintana in The Big Lebowski (1998) and The Jesus Rolls (2020), Pete in O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), Seymour Simmons in the Transformers film series and Carmine Falcone in the DC Extended Universe.\nAn Emmy Award winner, Turturro has also been nominated for four Screen Actors Guild Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, and four Independent Spirit Awards. He directed Mac (1992), which won the Golden Camera Award at the Cannes Film Festival, Illuminata (1998), and Romance and Cigarettes (2005).", "Q72908": "Mildred Elizabeth Fish Harnack (n\u00e9e Fish; 16 September 1902 \u2013 16 February 1943) was an American-German literary historian, translator, and German Resistance fighter in Nazi Germany.", "Q120093": "Paul Lachenal (1884, Geneva \u2013 1955) was a Swiss politician and philanthropist.\nHe was born in Geneva as son of the Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Lachenal and the Louise Marie born Gleckner. He studied law at the University of Geneva, which he completed in 1906 with the acquisition of the licentiate (lic. Iur.). As a result, he completed an internship at the law firm of his uncle (the president of the Confederation) Adrien Lachenal. From 1908 to 1911 he served as deputy to the Geneva prosecutor, and finally from 1912 as General attorney. 1907 he founded together with Eug\u00e8ne Borel (1862 -1955), the law firm Borel & Barbey.Paul Lachenal, who was married to Elisabeth Alice Lachenal Jenny, died on March 10, 1955, four months after his 70th birthday in Geneva. He was the father of, Ariane Garbade Lachenal and Editor and diplomat Fran\u00e7ois Lachenal, and grandfather of the artist Daniel Garbade.", "Q225635": "The Omega Connection is a 1979 American made-for-television action spy film directed by Robert Clouse for Walt Disney Productions. It stars Jeffrey Byron and Larry Cedar. It was released theatrically in other countries as The London Connection.", "Q743035": "Gilles Perrault (born Jacques Peyroles, 9 March 1931, Paris) is a French writer, screenwriter and journalist.\nHe attended the Coll\u00e8ge Stanislas de Paris and then studied at the Institut d'\u00e9tudes politiques, eventually becoming a lawyer, a profession he worked in for five years.\nAfter the success of his essay 'Les parachutistes' (1961), inspired by his military service in Algeria, he became a journalist and wrote articles about Nehru's India, the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and the problems of African Americans in the United States. He then investigated less well-known aspects of World War II.\nSince 1961, he has lived in Sainte-Marie-du-Mont, Manche, upon which he wrote the book Les gens d'ici (\"People from here\")\nLe Secret du jour J (1964) (Secrets of D-Day, 1974) won a prize from the Comit\u00e9 d'action de la R\u00e9sistance and was an international bestseller. L'Orchestre rouge (1967) was even more successful. In 1969 Perrault published a spy novel, Le dossier 51. In 1978, Gilles Perrault published Le Pull-over rouge, a novel in which he criticized the method of investigation done by the French police around the 1974 death of an 8-year-old girl. Christian Ranucci, a French citizen, was executed by guillotine for the murder on 28 July 1976. Perrault's case, calling Ranucci's guilt into question, held a great influence in the debate upon capital punishment in France. It has reportedly had a notable impact upon a part of public opinion, having sold over 1 million copies. Perrault was condemned twice, however, for his claims and papers about this case: in 1989 for having talked in a TV program of \"abuse of authority\" about the policemen in charge of the investigation (fined 30,000 francs to each person defamed at first instance, 40,000 on appeal in 1990, then 70,000 francs to each of the five plaintiffs on cassation in 1992, as well as the presenter); and in 2008 he and his publisher Fayard were found guilty of defamation toward the Marseille police in the book L'Ombre de Christian Ranucci (fined 5,000 euros and his editor an equal sum, a decision confirmed on appeal in 2009 and granted 10,000 euros in damages to each of the four policemen defamed).In 1980, he created the TV Series Julien Fontanes, magistrat with Jean Cosmos.\nIn 1990 Perrault published Notre ami le roi (Our Friend the King, 1993) about the regime and human rights abuses of Hassan II, at the time king of Morocco, who had until then been reported positively because of his close relations with the Western world. Perrault's book Le Gar\u00e7on aux yeux gris (2001) was adapted by Andr\u00e9 T\u00e9chin\u00e9 for the film Les \u00c9gar\u00e9s.", "Q6837": "Wittenberg ( WIT-\u0259n-burg, VIT-, German: [\u02c8v\u026atn\u0329b\u025b\u0281k]), officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is the fourth largest town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Wittenberg is situated on the River Elbe, 60 kilometers (37 mi) north of Leipzig and 90 kilometers (56 mi) south-west of Berlin, and has a population of 46.008 (2018).\nWittenberg is famous for its close connection with Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation, for which it received the honorific Lutherstadt. Several of Wittenberg's buildings associated with the events, including a preserved part of the Augustinian monastery in which Luther lived, first as a monk and later as owner with his wife Katharina von Bora and family, considered to be the world's premier museum dedicated to Luther. Wittenberg was also the seat of the Elector of Saxony, a dignity held by the dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg, making it one of the most powerful cities in the Holy Roman Empire.\nToday, Wittenberg is an industrial center and popular tourist destination, best known for its intact historic center and various memorial sites dedicated to Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon added to the UNESCO world heritage list in 1996.", "Q64159": "Johann Faber (1478 \u2013 May 21, 1541) was a Catholic theologian known for his writings opposing the Protestant Reformation and the growing Anabaptist movement.", "Q377167": "Howard Scott Warshaw (born July 30, 1957), also known as HSW, is an American psychotherapist and former game designer who is best known for his work at Atari in the early 1980s. There, he designed and programmed the Atari 2600 games Yars' Revenge, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. He has also written two books as well as produced and directed three documentaries.", "Q1180": "Jammu and Kashmir was a region formerly administered by India as a state from 1954 to 2019, constituting the southern and southeastern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India, Pakistan and China since the mid-20th century. The underlying region of this state were parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, whose western districts, now known as Azad Kashmir, and northern territories, now known as Gilgit-Baltistan, are administered by Pakistan. The Aksai Chin region in the east, bordering Tibet, has been under Chinese control since 1962.\nAfter the Government of India repealed the special status accorded to Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 of the Indian constitution in 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, which contained provisions that dissolved the state and reorganised it into two union territories \u2013 Jammu and Kashmir in the west and Ladakh in the east, with effect from 31 October 2019. At the time of its dissolution, Jammu and Kashmir was the only state in India with a Muslim-majority population.", "Q337543": "The Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (French pronunciation: \u200b[akademi de sj\u0251\u0303s m\u0254\u0281al e p\u0254litik], Academy of Moral and Political Sciences) is a French learned society. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France.\nThe Acad\u00e9mie was founded in 1795, suppressed in 1803, and reestablished in 1832 through the appeal of Guizot to King Louis Philippe. It is divided into five sections and has for its chief purpose the discussion of mental philosophy, law and jurisprudence, political economy and statistics, general and philosophical history, and politics, administration, and finance. It distributes the Baujour, Faucher, Halphen, Bordin, and other prizes, publishes M\u00e9moires, and holds its annual meeting each December.", "Q2934873": "Camille Blanc (French: [kamij bl\u0251\u0303]; 1847 in Paris \u2013 1927), was a French municipal leader, with many interests in Monaco. From 1904 to 1925, he was founding mayor of Beausoleil, a town adjacent to Monte Carlo, which had previously formed part of La Turbie and had been known as Monte-Carlo-Sup\u00e9rieur.", "Q45197": "\u015awi\u0119toch\u0142owice [\u0255fj\u025bnt\u0254xw\u0254\u02c8vit\u0361s\u025b] (listen) (German: Schwientochlowitz; Silesian: \u015awjyntochlowicy) is a town in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. It is also the central district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union metropolis, with a population of 2 million, and is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Rawa River (tributary of the Vistula).\nIt is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999, previously in Katowice Voivodeship, and before then, of the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. \u015awi\u0119toch\u0142owice is one of the cities of the 2.7 million conurbation \u2013 Katowice urban area and within a greater Silesian metropolitan area populated by about 5,294,000 people. The population of the city is 49,762 (2019).", "Q618025": "Johan Norberg (Swedish: [\u02c8j\u00fb\u02d0an \u02c8n\u00fb\u02d0rb\u00e6rj]; born 27 August 1973) is a Swedish author and historian of ideas, devoted to promoting economic globalization and what he regards as classical liberal positions. He is arguably most known as the author of In Defense of Global Capitalism (2001) and Progress: Ten Reasons to Look Forward to the Future (2016). Since 15 March 2007 he has been a senior fellow at the Cato Institute, and in January 2017 he became the executive editor at Free To Choose Media.", "Q1706778": "Joseph Connolly (19 January 1885 \u2013 18 January 1961) was an Irish Fianna F\u00e1il politician.", "Q103892": "Zabrze (; Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8zab\u0290\u025b] (listen); German: 1915\u20131945: Hindenburg O.S., full form: Hindenburg in Oberschlesien, Silesian: Z\u014fbrze) is an industrial city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. The west district of the Silesian Metropolis, a metropolis with a population of around 2 million. It is in the Silesian Highlands, on the Bytomka River, a tributary of the Oder.\nZabrze is located in the Silesian Voivodeship, which was reformulated in 1999. Before 1999 it was in Katowice Voivodeship. It is one of the cities composing the 2.7 million inhabitant conurbation referred to as the Katowice urban area, itself a major centre in the greater Silesian metropolitan area which is populated by just over five million people. The population of Zabrze as of December 2018 is 173,374, down from June 2009 when the population was 188,122.", "Q112747": "Trouble with the Curve is a 2012 American sports drama film directed by Robert Lorenz and starring Clint Eastwood, Amy Adams, Justin Timberlake, Matthew Lillard, and John Goodman. The film revolves around an aging baseball scout whose daughter joins him on a scouting trip. Filming began in March 2012, and the film was released on September 21, 2012.\nThis was Eastwood's first acting project since 2008's Gran Torino and his first acting role in a film he did not direct since his cameo in 1995's Casper. A year after its release the film became the subject of a plagiarism lawsuit by a producer alleging that his former partner had taken an unfinished script after a dispute and conspired with his agent and Warner Brothers to present it as the work of a relative unknown.", "Q3573532": "Yves Br\u00e9chet (French: [b\u0281e\u0283\u025b]; born 12 October 1961) is a physicist, specialist of materials science, currently Scientific director of Saint Gobain compagny, and professor at Monash and McMaster university, and a member of the French Academy of Sciences.\n\n", "Q2791632": "Edward \"Ed\" Liddy (born January 28, 1946) is an American businessman who was chairman of The Allstate Corporation from 1999 to 2008.In September 2008, at the request of the Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Liddy agreed to serve as interim chairman and chief executive officer of American International Group, Inc. (AIG). His placement in the role was one of numerous government actions to provide stability to U.S. financial firms during the global financial crisis. Liddy requested a salary of just $1 a year.", "Q285483": "Mary Virginia Martin (December 1, 1913 \u2013 November 3, 1990) was an American actress, singer, and Broadway star. A muse of Rodgers and Hammerstein, she originated many leading roles over her career including Nellie Forbush in South Pacific (1949) and Maria von Trapp in The Sound of Music (1959). She was named a Kennedy Center Honoree in 1989. She was the mother of actor Larry Hagman.", "Q66996": "Oberhof is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q267406": "Colleen Ann Fitzpatrick (born July 20, 1972), better known by her stage name Vitamin C, is an American pop music singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actress. She began her career as an Ivory soap baby and child actress, appearing in John Waters' film Hairspray (1988), and continued to appear in minor roles in films before starting the alternative rock band Eve's Plum in 1991.\nIn 1999, Fitzpatrick embarked on a solo career under the name Vitamin C, releasing her eponymous debut album Vitamin C (1999), which was certified as Gold and later Platinum by the RIAA. Singles from the record include \"Graduation (Friends Forever)\" and her most successful hit, the Top 20 Gold certified \"Smile\". Her second album, More (2001) spawned several singles, including \"As Long as You're Loving Me\" and \"The Itch\".\nShe would return to acting in 2000, appearing in the horror film Dracula 2000 (2000), as well as having cameo appearances in Scary Movie 2 (2001) and Get Over It (2001), and appeared as a panelist on the spoof talent series The WB's Superstar USA in 2004. She was ranked No. 76 on the Maxim Hot 100 Women of 2001. Mattel released a Vitamin C doll in 2000. She was a video game character in the game EA Sports Triple Play by EA Sports. Vitamin C has her own Tommy Hilfiger lipstick color developed after her signature yellow and orange hair.On March 21, 2012, Fitzpatrick was appointed as Vice President of Music at Nickelodeon.", "Q211590": "Santa Clara is the capital city of the Cuban province of Villa Clara. It is located in the most central region of the province and almost in the most central region of the country. With a population near a quarter million, Santa Clara is the 5th largest Cuban city by population.", "Q933685": "Jozef Miloslav Hurban (19 March 1817 in Beckov, Kingdom of Hungary \u2013 21 February 1888 in Hlbok\u00e9, Kingdom of Hungary), pseudonyms Slavomil F. Ko\u0159ennat\u00fd, \u013dudov\u00edt Pavlovi\u010d, M. z Bohuslav\u00edc, M. Selovsk\u00fd, was a leader of the Slovak National Council and the Slovak Uprising in 1848/1849, a Slovak writer, journalist, politician, organizer of Slovak cultural life and a Protestant priest. He first supported J\u00e1n Koll\u00e1r, but later turned to \u013dudov\u00edt \u0160t\u00far. His son Svetoz\u00e1r Hurban-Vajansk\u00fd followed his father's footsteps both as a writer and nationalist.\nThe city of Hurbanovo in southern Slovakia and asteroid 3730 Hurban are named after him.", "Q490": "Milan (, US also ; Italian: Milano [mi\u02c8la\u02d0no] (listen); Milanese: [mi\u02c8l\u00e3\u02d0] (listen)) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome. Milan served as the capital of the Western Roman Empire, the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Lombardy\u2013Venetia. \nThe city proper has a population of about 1.4 million while its metropolitan city has 3.26 million inhabitants. Its continuously built-up urban area, that stretches well beyond the boundaries of the administrative metropolitan city, is the fourth largest in the EU with 5.27 million inhabitants. The population within the wider Milan metropolitan area, also known as Greater Milan, is estimated at 8.2 million, making it by far the largest metropolitan area in Italy and the 4th largest in the EU.Milan is considered a leading alpha global city, with strengths in the field of the art, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, services, research and tourism. Its business district hosts Italy's stock exchange (Italian: Borsa Italiana), and the headquarters of national and international banks and companies. In terms of GDP, it has the second-largest economy among EU cities after Paris, and is the wealthiest among EU non-capital cities. Milan is considered part of the Blue Banana and one of the \"Four Motors for Europe\".\nThe city has been recognized as one of the world's four fashion capitals thanks to several international events and fairs, including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair, which are currently among the world's biggest in terms of revenue, visitors and growth. It hosted the Universal Exposition in 1906 and 2015. The city hosts numerous cultural institutions, academies and universities, with 11% of the national total enrolled students. Milan is the destination of 8 million overseas visitors every year, attracted by its museums and art galleries that include some of the most important collections in the world, including major works by Leonardo da Vinci. The city is served by many luxury hotels and is the fifth-most starred in the world by Michelin Guide. The city is home to two of Europe's most successful football teams, A.C. Milan and F.C. Internazionale, and one of Europe's main basketball teams, Olimpia Milano. Milan will host the 2026 Winter Olympics together with Cortina d'Ampezzo.", "Q114336": "Fritz L\u00f6hner-Beda (24 June 1883 \u2013 4 December 1942), born Bed\u0159ich L\u00f6wy, was an Austrian librettist, lyricist and writer. Once nearly forgotten, many of his songs and tunes remain popular up to today. He was murdered in Auschwitz III Monowitz concentration camp.", "Q1574424": "Kensal Green Cemetery is a cemetery in the Kensal Green area of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. Inspired by P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, it was founded by the barrister George Frederick Carden. The cemetery opened in 1833 and comprises 72 acres of grounds, including two conservation areas, adjoining a canal. The cemetery is home to at least 33 species of bird and other wildlife. This distinctive cemetery has memorials ranging from large mausoleums housing the rich and famous to many distinctive smaller graves and includes special areas dedicated to the very young. It has three chapels, and serves all faiths. It is one of the Magnificent Seven cemeteries in London.\nThe cemetery was immortalised in the lines of G. K. Chesterton's poem \"The Rolling English Road\" from his book The Flying Inn: \"For there is good news yet to hear and fine things to be seen; Before we go to Paradise by way of Kensal Green.\"Despite its Grecian-style buildings the cemetery is primarily Gothic in character, due to the high number of private Gothic monuments. Due to this atmosphere, the cemetery was the chosen location of several scenes in movies, notably in Theatre of Blood.\nThe cemetery is listed Grade I on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. It remains in use.", "Q67336": "Osogna is a former municipality in the district of Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Osogna, Cresciano, Iragna and Lodrino merged into the new municipality of Riviera.", "Q189201": "Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments\u2014traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room. Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small number of performers, with one performer to a part (in contrast to orchestral music, in which each string part is played by a number of performers). However, by convention, it usually does not include solo instrument performances.\nBecause of its intimate nature, chamber music has been described as \"the music of friends\". For more than 100 years, chamber music was played primarily by amateur musicians in their homes, and even today, when chamber music performance has migrated from the home to the concert hall, many musicians, amateur and professional, still play chamber music for their own pleasure. Playing chamber music requires special skills, both musical and social, that differ from the skills required for playing solo or symphonic works.Johann Wolfgang von Goethe described chamber music (specifically, string quartet music) as \"four rational people conversing\". This conversational paradigm \u2013 which refers to the way one instrument introduces a melody or motif and then other instruments subsequently \"respond\" with a similar motif \u2013 has been a thread woven through the history of chamber music composition from the end of the 18th century to the present. The analogy to conversation recurs in descriptions and analyses of chamber music compositions.", "Q955266": "James Clayton Dobson, Jr. (born April 21, 1936), also known as Jim Dobson, is an American evangelical Christian author, psychologist, and founder in 1977 of Focus on the Family (FOTF), which he led until 2010. In the 1980s he was ranked as one of the most influential spokesmen for conservative social positions in American public life. Although never an ordained minister, he was called \"the nation's most influential evangelical leader\" by The New York Times while Slate portrayed him as a successor to evangelical leaders Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson.As part of his former role in the organization, he produced Focus on the Family, a daily radio program which according to the organization was broadcast in more than a dozen languages and on over 7,000 stations worldwide, and reportedly heard daily by more than 220 million people in 164 countries. Focus on the Family was also carried by about sixty U.S. television stations daily. Dobson founded the Family Research Council in 1981. He is no longer affiliated with Focus on the Family. Dobson founded Family Talk as a non-profit organization in 2010 and launched a new radio broadcast, Family Talk with Dr. James Dobson, that began on May 3, 2010, on over 300 stations nationwide.", "Q114450": "Geo Milev (born Georgi Milev Kasabov; 15 January [O.S. 27 January] 1895, Radne mahle \u2013 15 May 1925, Sofia), was a Bulgarian poet, journalist, and translator. Geo Milev is perhaps best known for his epic poem Septemvri, written in the aftermath of the Communist-led September Uprising.\n\n", "Q472250": "Florestano Di Fausto (16 July 1890 \u2013 11 January 1965) was an Italian architect, engineer and politician who is best known for his building designs in the Italian overseas territories around the Mediterranean. He is considered the most important colonial architect of the Fascist age in Italy and has been described as the \"architect of the Mediterranean\". Uncontested protagonist of the architectural scene first in the Italian Islands of the Aegean and then in Italian Libya, he was gifted with a remarkable preparation combined with consummate skills, which allowed him to master and to use indifferently and in any geographical context the most diverse architectural styles, swinging between eclecticism and rationalism. His legacy, long neglected, has been highlighted since the 1990s.", "Q68005": "Lavizzara is a municipality in the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nThe municipality was created in 2004 by a merger of Broglio, Brontallo, Fusio, Menzonio, Peccia and Prato-Sornico.", "Q77125": "Wilhelm Maybach (German pronunciation: [\u02c8v\u026alh\u025blm \u02c8ma\u026abax]; 9 February 1846 \u2013 29 December 1929) was an early German engine designer and industrialist. During the 1890s he was hailed in France, then the world centre for car production, as the \"King of Designers\".\nFrom the late 19th century Wilhelm Maybach, together with Gottlieb Daimler, developed light, high-speed internal combustion engines suitable for land, water, and air use. These were fitted to the world's first motorcycle, motorboat, and after Daimler's death, a new automobile introduced in late 1902, the Mercedes model, built to the specifications of Emil Jellinek.\nMaybach rose to become technical director of the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG) but did not get along with its chairmen. As a result, Maybach left DMG in 1907 to found Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH together with his son Karl in 1909; they manufactured Zeppelin engines. After the signing of the Versailles Treaty in 1919 the company started producing large luxury vehicles, branded as \"Maybach\". The company joined the German war effort in 1940, ceasing automotive production in favour of tank engines, including those for the Tiger I and Tiger II heavy tanks.\nRevived after the war Maybach Motorenbau which remained a subsidiary of Luftschiffbau Zeppelin was making diesel engines. During the 1960s Maybach came under the control of Daimler-Benz and was renamed MTU Friedrichshafen.\nIn 2002 the Maybach brand name was revived for a luxury make but it was not successful. On 25 November 2011 Daimler-Benz announced they would cease producing automobiles under the Maybach brand name in 2013.\nIn 2014, Daimler announced production of an ultra-luxury edition of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class under the new Mercedes-Maybach brand.", "Q776930": "Peterborough ( PEE-t\u0259r-burr-oh) is a city on the Otonabee River in Central Ontario, Canada, 125 kilometres (78 mi) northeast of Toronto and about 270 kilometres (167 mi) southwest of Ottawa. According to the 2016 Census, the population of the City of Peterborough was 81,032. The population of the Peterborough Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), which includes the surrounding Townships of Selwyn, Cavan Monaghan, Otonabee-South Monaghan, and Douro-Dummer, was 121,721 in 2016. In 2016, Peterborough ranked No. 32 among the country's 35 census metropolitan areas according to the CMA in Canada. Significant growth is expected starting in late 2019 when the Ontario Highway 407 extension is completed, connecting it to Highway 115/35 south of Peterborough. The current mayor of Peterborough is Diane Therrien.Peterborough is known as the gateway to the Kawarthas, \"cottage country\", a large recreational region of the province. It is named in honour of Peter Robinson, an early Canadian politician who oversaw the first major immigration to the area. The city is the seat of Peterborough County.Peterborough's nickname in the distant past was \"The Electric City\" as it was the first town in Canada to use electric streetlights. It also underscores the historical and present-day importance of technology and manufacturing as an economic base of the city, which has operations from large multi-national companies such as Siemens, Rolls-Royce Limited, and General Electric, and more local businesses such as Merit Precision Ltd., Dynacast and Bryston. Electricity was one of the reasons Quaker Oats moved to the city, and as part of PepsiCo remains a major fixture in the downtown area. However, over the years the number of major manufacturing plants has declined, and General Electric closed its last remaining facility in 2018. As a result, employment has been shifting toward the service industries and tourism is now the leading industry in the area.Peterborough is among the best places to retire in Ontario according to some studies, which listed cultural activities and affordable living as some of the factors that attract seniors. In 2017, the city was also among the best places to invest in Canada according to Comfort Life magazine.", "Q487971": "Bad Reichenhall (Central Bavarian: Reichahoi) is a spa town, and administrative center of the Berchtesgadener Land district in Upper Bavaria, Germany. It is located near Salzburg in a basin encircled by the Chiemgau Alps (including Mount Staufen (1,771 m) and Mount Zwiesel (1,781 m)). \nTogether with other alpine towns Bad Reichenhall engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the alpine arc. \nBad Reichenhall was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2001.\nBad Reichenhall is a traditional center of salt production, obtained by evaporating water saturated with salt from brine ponds.", "Q60459": "Viktor Hermann Brack (9 November 1904 \u2013 2 June 1948) was a German Nazi war criminal, an organiser of the euthanasia programme Action T4, where the Nazi state systematically murdered over 70,000 disabled German and Austrian people. Following this, Brack was one of the men responsible for the gassing of Jews in the extermination camps, and he conferred with Odilo Globo\u010dnik about the practical implementation of the Final Solution. Brack was sentenced to death in 1947 and executed by hanging in 1948.\nFrom a middle-class family, he became a member of the Nazi Party and Schutzstaffel (SS) from the age of 25, and held increasing positions of responsibility in Hitler's Chancellery in Berlin. He was a senior colonel in the SS by the age of 35.", "Q325621": "Duel at Ichijoji Temple (\u7d9a\u5bae\u672c\u6b66\u8535\u3000\u4e00\u4e57\u5bfa\u306e\u6c7a\u95d8, Zoku Miyamoto Musashi: Ichij\u014dji no Kett\u014d) is a color 1955 Japanese film directed by Hiroshi Inagaki starring Toshiro Mifune. Shot in Eastmancolor, it is the second film of Inagaki's Samurai Trilogy.\nThe film is adapted from Eiji Yoshikawa's novel Musashi, originally released as a serial in the Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun, between 1935 and 1939. The novel is loosely based on the life of the famous Japanese swordsman, Miyamoto Musashi.\nThe first part of the trilogy is Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto (1954) and the third is Samurai III: Duel at Ganryu Island (1956).\nThe film's production designer was Kisaku It\u014d, the set decoration was made by Makoto Sono, the consultant of art department was Kisaku It\u014d, the sound technician was Ch\u014dshichir\u014d Mikami, the lighting technician was Shigeru Mori, and the choreographers were Tokuho Azuma and Yoshio Sugino.", "Q134958": "Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko (9 March [O.S. 25 February] 1814 \u2013 10 March [O.S. 26 February] 1861) was an Ukrainian poet, writer, artist, public and political figure, as well as folklorist and ethnographer. His literary heritage is regarded to be the foundation of modern Ukrainian literature and, to a large extent, the modern Ukrainian language. Shevchenko is also known for many masterpieces as a painter and an illustrator.He was a member of the Sts Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood and an academician of the Imperial Academy of Arts. In 1847 Shevchenko was politically convicted for writing in the Ukrainian language, promoting the independence of Ukraine and ridiculing the members of the Russian Imperial House.", "Q70892": "Ulrik Frederik Gyldenl\u00f8ve, Count of Laurvig (20 July 1638 \u2013 17 April 1704) was Governor-general of Norway ( Stattholdere i Norge) from 1664\u20131699.\nHe was the leading general in Norway during the Scanian War, whose Norwegian leg is conventionally named the Gyldenl\u00f8ve War after him.", "Q79108": "Franz Karl Stanzel (born 4 August 1923) is an Austrian literary theorist, specialised in English literature.", "Q1797075": "Bj\u00f8rn Dahl (born 24 May 1954) is a Norwegian businessman and former footballer. \nFrom 2000 until 2010 he was managing director of his home town team SK Brann, a club he spent most of his active career playing for. He played a total of 85 leagugames, scoring ten goals between 1972 and 1983.\n\n", "Q1339019": "Peter Riegert (born April 11, 1947) is an American actor, screenwriter and film director, best known for his roles as Donald \"Boone\" Schoenstein in Animal House (1978), oil company executive \"Mac\" MacIntyre in Local Hero (1983), pickle store owner Sam Posner in Crossing Delancey (1988), and glove manufacturer Lou Levov in American Pastoral (2016). He directed the short film By Courier (2000), for which he was nominated along with producer Ericka Frederick for the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film.\nOn television, Riegert had a recurring role as crooked Newark Assemblyman and later State Senator Ronald Zellman in seasons three and four of the HBO series The Sopranos (2001\u20132002), appeared as George Moore in the first season of the FX series Damages (2007), and portrayed Seth Green's father in the comedy series Dads (2013\u20132014). He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for his performance in the HBO film Barbarians at the Gate in 1993.", "Q181885": "Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430, tr. Mikha\u00edl Iv\u00e1novich Gl\u00ednka; 1 June [O.S. 20 May] 1804 \u2013 February 15 [O.S. 3 February] 1857) was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition within his own country, and is often regarded as the fountainhead of Russian classical music. Glinka's compositions were an important influence on future Russian composers, notably the members of The Five, who took Glinka's lead and produced a distinctive Russian style of music.", "Q4720161": "Alexander Stockton Cussons (1914\u20131986). Born in Salford, England to Alexander Tom Cussons (1875\u20131951) and his wife Emily Jane Cussons (n\u00e9e Kidd, 1875\u20131957). Alexander was the Chairman of Cussons Group, the largest independent soap manufacturer in Britain. Alexander continued manufacturing of the famous brand Cussons Imperial Leather, and many other products under the Cussons label, including 1001 Carpet Cleaner.", "Q207494": "1942: A Love Story is a 1994 Indian Hindi patriotic romance film starring Anil Kapoor, Manisha Koirala, Jackie Shroff, Anupam Kher, Danny Denzongpa and Pran. The first Indian film to use Dolby Stereo, it was highly acclaimed for its music, songs, picturization, cinematography, lyrics and the portrayal of leading lady Manisha Koirala, a turning point for her career. The film received thirteen nominations at the 40th Filmfare Awards, winning nine. The core plot of the movie was reported to be inspired by the 1992 Kannada movie Mysore Mallige based on the 1942 work of same title by K. S. Narasimhaswamy.", "Q12971": "Leopold I (French: L\u00e9opold; 16 December 1790 \u2013 10 December 1865) was a German prince who became the first King of the Belgians following the country's independence in 1830. He reigned between July 1831 and December 1865.\nBorn into the ruling family of the small German duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Leopold took a commission in the Imperial Russian Army and fought against Napoleon after French troops overran Saxe-Coburg during the Napoleonic Wars. After Napoleon's defeat, Leopold moved to the United Kingdom where he married Princess Charlotte of Wales, who was second in line to the British throne and the only legitimate child of the Prince Regent (the future King George IV). Charlotte died after only a year of marriage, but Leopold continued to enjoy considerable status in Britain.\nAfter the Greek War of Independence (1821\u201332), Leopold was offered the crown of Greece but turned it down, believing it to be too precarious. Instead, Leopold accepted the kingship of the newly established Kingdom of Belgium in 1831. The Belgian government offered the position to Leopold because of his diplomatic connections with royal houses across Europe, and because as the British-backed candidate, he was not affiliated with other powers, such as France, which were believed to have territorial ambitions in Belgium which might threaten the European balance of power created by the 1815 Congress of Vienna.\nLeopold took his oath as King of the Belgians on 21 July 1831, an event commemorated annually as Belgian National Day. His reign was marked by attempts by the Dutch to recapture Belgium and, later, by internal political division between liberals and Catholics. As a Protestant, Leopold was considered liberal and encouraged economic modernisation, playing an important role in encouraging the creation of Belgium's first railway in 1835 and subsequent industrialisation. As a result of the ambiguities in the Belgian Constitution, Leopold was able to slightly expand the monarch's powers during his reign. He also played an important role in stopping the spread of the Revolutions of 1848 into Belgium. He died in 1865 and was succeeded by his son, Leopold II.", "Q887452": "Bo Weavil Jackson (dates and places of birth and death unknown, real name said to be James Butler) was an American blues singer and guitarist. He was one of the first country bluesmen to be recorded, in 1926, for Paramount Records and Vocalion Records. On the latter label he was credited as Sam Butler, which has become the name most commonly used to identify him. His 78-rpm records are highly sought by collectors and have been re-released on numerous LP and CD compilation albums. His technique is distinctive for its upbeat tempo, varied melodic lines, and impromptu instrumentals.It is widely believed that Jackson was active in Birmingham, Alabama since he referred to that area in his lyrics and because that was apparently where the talent scouts found him performing on the street, but he was promoted as originating from North Carolina. According to Eugene Chadbourne, Paramount promoted him as having \"come down from the Carolinas\". Apart from his 1926 recordings, no further documentation of him exists.His recordings have been published in both notation and tablature transcriptions, which have enabled contemporary detailed study of his style and technique.", "Q275764": "Ellen Drew (born Esther Loretta Ray, November 23, 1915 \u2013 December 3, 2003) was an American film actress.", "Q65521": "J\u00fcrgen Wilhelm M\u00f6llemann (15 July 1945 \u2013 5 June 2003) was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party. He served as Minister of State at the Foreign Office (1982\u20131987), as Federal Minister of Education and Research (1987\u20131991), as Federal Minister of Economics (1991\u20131993) and as Vice Chancellor of Germany (1992\u20131993) in the government of Chancellor Helmut Kohl.\n\n", "Q179858": "Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (pronounced [\u02c8urho \u02c8kek\u02d0onen] (listen); 3 September 1900 \u2013 31 August 1986) was a Finnish politician (Agrarian League/Center Party) who served as the eighth and longest-serving President of Finland (1956\u201382). He ruled over Finland for nearly 26 years, and held a questionably large amount of power; he is often classified as an autocrat. Regardless, he remains a popular, respected and recognizable figure. \nAs president, Kekkonen continued the \"active neutrality\" policy of his predecessor President Juho Kusti Paasikivi, a doctrine that came to be known as the \"Paasikivi\u2013Kekkonen line\", under which Finland retained its independence while maintaining good relations and extensive trade with members of both NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Critical commentators called this policy of appeasement pejoratively as Finlandization. He hosted the European Conference on Security and Co-operation in Helsinki in 1975 and was considered a potential candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize that year. He is credited by Finnish historians for his foreign and trade policies, which allowed Finland's market economy to keep pace with Western Europe even with the Soviet Union as a neighbor, and for Finland to gradually take part in the European integration process. On the other hand, his perceived hunger for power, his divide-and-rule attitude in domestic politics and the lack of genuine political opposition significantly weakened Finnish democracy during his presidency. After Kekkonen's presidency, the reform of the Constitution of Finland was initiated by his successors to increase the power the Parliament and the Prime Minister at the expense of the President. \nBefore becoming President, he had served as Prime Minister of Finland (1950\u201353, 1954\u201356), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1952\u201353, 1954), Speaker of the Finnish Parliament (1948\u201350), Minister of Justice (1936\u201337, 1944\u201346, 1951) and Minister of the Interior (1937\u20131939, 1950\u20131951). \nIn addition to his extensive political career, Kekkonen was known as a writer. He famously wrote humorous, informative columns (causerie) for the Suomen Kuvalehti, magazine under several pseudonyms, even during his presidency.", "Q460654": "Anthony \"Duster\" Bennett (23 September 1946 \u2013 26 March 1976) was a British blues singer and musician. Based in London, his first album Smiling Like I'm Happy saw him playing as a one-man band, playing a bass drum with his foot and blowing a harmonica on a rack while strumming a 1952 Les Paul Goldtop guitar given to him in 1968 by Peter Green. Backed by his girlfriend Stella Sutton and the original Fleetwood Mac on three tracks, the album was well received. He remained popular on the local blues club scene until his death in a car crash in 1976.", "Q106054": "Carmen Everts (born 12 April 1968 in Wilhelmshaven) is a German politician, political scientist and civil servant, a former member of the Parliament of Hesse for the Social Democratic Party of Germany, and an expert on political extremism. In 2009, she was appointed by the government of Hesse as head of department at the Hessian State Agency for Civic Education, responsible for research on the communist dictatorship in East Germany and demographic research.\nEverts studied law and political science, and earned a doctoral degree in political science in 1999. In her doctoral thesis, she analyzed political extremism in the far-right party Die Republikaner (REP) and the far-left party Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus (PDS, now Die Linke). Her doctoral supervisor was Eckhard Jesse.\nCarmen Everts has been a member of the SPD since 1989, and was chair of the local party in Kreis Gro\u00df-Gerau from 2003 to 2008. She was employed by the SPD in Hesse from 1999 until her election to parliament, from 2003 as a scientific adviser to the parliamentary group of the SPD.\nIn the 2008 Hesse state election, she was elected to the Parliament of Hesse.\nOn 3 November 2008, Everts declared, together with fellow MPs Silke Tesch, J\u00fcrgen Walter and Dagmar Metzger, that she would not support Andrea Ypsilanti as Prime Minister of Hesse, in a planned election. Ypsilanti, chair of SPD in Hesse, was supposed to form a government with support of the leftist extremist party Die Linke, the successor of the East German communist party. Everts stated her decision was based on her aversion to the party Die Linke, which she said has \"extremist\" elements. She has criticized the party Die Linke of having a \"divided, negative attitude towards democracy and the rule of law\". Without the support of her parliamentary group, Ypsilanti gave up her bid to become Prime Minister, leading to new elections in 2009.\nCarmen Everts did not run for another term as a member of parliament in the 2009 election. She returned to her job as a scientific adviser to the SPD parliamentary group, before she was appointed as head of department at the Hessian State Agency for Civic Education in 2009.\nEverts went to school with J\u00fcrgen Walter, the former vice chair of SPD in Hesse.\nIn 2010, she left the socialdemocratic party.", "Q326328": "Sir Willard Wentworth White, OM, CBE (born 10 October 1946) is a Jamaican-born British operatic bass baritone.", "Q215090": "Julius Stinde (28 August 1841 \u2013 5 August 1905), German author, was born at Kirchn\u00fcchel in Holstein, the son of a clergyman.\nHaving attended the gymnasium at Eutin, he was apprenticed in 1858 to a chemist in L\u00fcbeck. He soon tired of the shop, and went to study chemistry at Kiel and Giessen where he proceeded to the degree of PhD. In 1863 Stinde received an appointment as consulting chemist to a large industrial undertaking in Hamburg; but, becoming editor of the Hamburger Gewerbeblatt, he gradually transferred his energies to journalism.\nHis earliest works were little comedies, dealing with Hamburg life, though he continued to make scientific contributions to various journals. In 1876 Stinde settled in Berlin and began the series of stories of the Buchholz family, vivid and humorous studies of Berlin middle-class life by which he is most widely known. He died at Olsberg.\nThe first of the series Buchholzens in Italien (translated by HF Powell, 1887) appeared in 1883 and achieved an immense success. It was followed by Die Familie Buchholz in 1884 (translated by LD Schmitz, 1885); Frau Buchholz im Orient in 1888; Frau Wilhelmine (Der Familie Buchholz letzter Teil; translated by HF Powell, 1887) in 1886; Wilhelmine Buchholz Memoiren, in 1894; and Hotel Buchholz; Ausstellungserlebnisse der Frau Wilhelmine Buchholz, in 1896.\nUnder the pseudonyms of Alfred de Valmy, Wilhelmine Buchholz and Richard E Ward, he also published various other works of more or less merit. His Waldnovellen (1881) have been translated into English.", "Q2481499": "Fiction Records is a British record label founded by Chris Parry in 1978, owned by Universal Music Group and based in the United Kingdom. It is best known for being the home of The Cure for over 20 years. It was originally a part of Polydor, but on January 2014, Universal restructured Fiction as a standalone label, removing it from Polydor's corporate affiliation. Fiction repertoire is now released internationally through Caroline (ex-North America).", "Q1425119": "Georgian Technical University (GTU, formerly V.I. Lenin Georgian Polytechnical Institute) is the main and largest technical university of Georgia. It is located in the capital city of Tbilisi. A university building viewed from overhead resembles the hammer and sickle form.", "Q179680": "Alfred Louis Charles de Musset-Pathay (French: [al.f\u0281\u025bd d\u0259 my.s\u025b]; 11 December 1810 \u2013 2 May 1857) was a French dramatist, poet, and novelist. Along with his poetry, he is known for writing the autobiographical novel La Confession d'un enfant du si\u00e8cle (The Confession of a Child of the Century).", "Q715515": "Charles Peete Rose Jr. (born January 5, 1942) is an American television journalist and former talk show host. From 1991 to 2017, he was the host and executive producer of the talk show Charlie Rose on PBS and Bloomberg LP.\nRose also co-anchored CBS This Morning from 2012 to 2017 alongside Gayle King and Norah O'Donnell. Rose formerly substituted for the anchor of the CBS Evening News. Rose, along with Lara Logan, hosted the revived CBS classic Person to Person, a news program during which celebrities are interviewed in their homes, originally hosted from 1953 to 1961 by Edward R. Murrow.In November 2017, Rose's employment at CBS was terminated; his eponymous show Charlie Rose on PBS was cancelled the day after The Washington Post published in-house allegations of sexual harassment. Rose was sued for verbal harassment by Gina Riggi, his former makeup artist of 20 years, in September 2019.", "Q273315": "Karoline Kr\u00fcger (born 13 February 1970 in Bergen, Norway) is a Norwegian singer, actress and composer.", "Q1380926": "David Edward Sutch (10 November 1940 \u2013 16 June 1999), also known as 3rd Earl of Harrow, or Screaming Lord Sutch, was an English musician and serial parliamentary candidate. He was the founder of the Official Monster Raving Loony Party and served as its leader from 1983 to 1999, during which time he stood in numerous parliamentary elections. He holds the record for losing more than 40 elections in which he stood from 1963 to 1997. As a singer he variously worked with Keith Moon, Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page, Ritchie Blackmore, Charlie Watts and Nicky Hopkins.\n\n", "Q301797": "Stephen Davison Bechtel (September 24, 1900 \u2013 March 14, 1989) was the son of Clara Alice West and Warren A. Bechtel, founder of the Bechtel Corporation. Stephen was the president of the company from 1933 through 1960.", "Q88697": "Aaron Isaac (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7\u200e; lived 1730\u20131817) was a Jewish seal engraver and merchant in haberdashery. He came from Pommery (Swedish Pomerania), a German-speaking area then part of the Swedish Empire, during the reign of Gustav III, and was persuaded to come to Sweden where there were no seal-engravers at the time. He did this on condition that he could bring with him at least ten Jews, in order to have a minyan (quorum) for prayer. His native language was Yiddish. \n\n", "Q53093": "Adventure Time is an American fantasy animated television series created by Pendleton Ward for Cartoon Network. Produced by Frederator Studios and Cartoon Network Studios, the series follows the adventures of a boy named Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada) and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (John DiMaggio)\u2014a dog with the magical power to change size and shape at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, where they interact with Princess Bubblegum (Hynden Walch), the Ice King (Tom Kenny), Marceline (Olivia Olson), BMO (Niki Yang), and others. The series is based on a 2007 short produced for Nicktoons and Frederator Studios' animation incubator series Random! Cartoons. After the short became a viral hit on the Internet, Cartoon Network commissioned a full-length series, which previewed on March 11, 2010. The show officially premiered on April 5, 2010, and ended on September 3, 2018.\nThe series drew inspiration from a variety of sources, including the fantasy role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons and video games. It was produced using hand-drawn animation; action and dialogue for episodes are decided by storyboarding artists based on rough outlines. Because each episode took roughly eight to nine months to complete, multiple episodes were worked on concurrently. The cast members recorded their lines in group recordings, and the series regularly employed guest actors for minor and recurring characters. Each episode runs for about eleven minutes; pairs of episodes are often telecast to fill half-hour program slots. Cartoon Network announced on September 29, 2016, that the series would conclude in 2018, after the airing of its tenth season. The series finale aired on September 3, 2018. On October 23, 2019, four specials, collectively called Adventure Time: Distant Lands, were announced, which will air exclusively on HBO Max starting with two in 2020.\nAdventure Time has been a ratings success for Cartoon Network and some episodes have attracted over three million viewers; despite being aimed primarily at children, it has developed a following among teenagers and adults. The show has received positive reviews from critics and won awards including: eight Primetime Emmy Awards, a Peabody Award, three Annie Awards, two British Academy Children's Awards, a Motion Picture Sound Editors Award, and a Kerrang! Award. The series has also been nominated for three Critics' Choice Television Awards, two Annecy Festival Awards, a TCA Award, and a Sundance Film Festival Award, among others. Of the many comic book spin-offs based on the series, one received an Eisner Award and two Harvey Awards. The series has also spawned various forms of licensed merchandise, including books, video games and clothing.", "Q466225": "Gabriela Konevska-Trajkovska (\u0413\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430-\u0422\u0440\u0430\u0458\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430, n\u00e9e Konevska) (29 May 1971 \u2013 10 February 2010) was a Macedonian politician who served as the country's Deputy Prime Minister for European Affairs from 2006 until 2008.She was born Gabriela Konevska in Skopje in 1971. She worked as a political advisor to the special coordinator of Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. Trajkovska also served as the president of the NGO, Transparency Macedonia, which works to fight corruption in Macedonia.In 2006, Trajkovska became the Deputy Prime Minister for European Affairs, focusing on a potential Macedonian accession to the European Union.She and her husband Goran Trajkovski had a daughter, who was aged three at the time of her death.\nGabriela Konevska-Trajkovska died in Skopje on February 10, 2010, at the age of 38 after a long illness. She was buried at the Butel city cemetery in Skopje.", "Q116253": "Henri Colpi (French: [k\u0254lpi]; 15 July 1921 \u2013 14 January 2006) was a French film editor and film director.", "Q338102": "Ralph du Vergier Truman (7 May 1900 \u2013 15 October 1977) was an English actor, usually cast as either a villain or an authority figure. He possessed a distinguished speaking voice. He was born in London, England.Truman originally studied at the Royal College of Music and was a regular performer on the radio from 1925, appearing in an estimated 5,000 broadcasts.His best-remembered film roles include Tigellinus in MGM's Quo Vadis (1951), the French herald Mountjoy in Laurence Olivier's film Henry V (1944), the evil Monks in David Lean's Oliver Twist (1948), George Merry in the Walt Disney version of Treasure Island (1950), and the Police Inspector in Alfred Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956). He also appeared in episodes of several TV series, including Danger Man.He died 15 October 1977 in Ipswich, Suffolk aged 77.", "Q441856": "Carol Ann Alt (born December 1, 1960) is an American model and actress.", "Q2847645": "Andr\u00e9 Desmarais (born October 26, 1956) is a Canadian businessman, whose hometown is Montreal, Quebec.", "Q327022": "Rockville is a city that serves as the county seat of Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, part of the Baltimore\u2013Washington metropolitan area. The 2010 census tabulated Rockville's population at 61,209, making it one of the largest communities in Maryland and the third largest location in Montgomery County, after Silver Spring and Germantown.Rockville, along with neighboring Gaithersburg and Bethesda, is at the core of the Interstate 270 Technology Corridor which is home to numerous software and biotechnology companies as well as several federal government institutions. The city, one of the major retail hubs in Montgomery County, also has several upscale regional shopping centers.", "Q75726": "Horst M\u00f6ller (born 12 January 1943 in Breslau) is a German contemporary historian. He is Professor of Modern History at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) and, from 1992 to 2011, Director of the Institut f\u00fcr Zeitgeschichte.M\u00f6ller was a student of history, philosophy and German studies at the University of G\u00f6ttingen and the Free University of Berlin, and earned his doctorate in 1972. He was Deputy Director of the Institut f\u00fcr Zeitgeschichte from 1979 to 1982, and from 1982 to 1989 he was Professor at the University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg. He was Director of the German Historical Institute in Paris from 1989 to 1992.\nHe has been a Visiting Fellow at St Antony's College, Oxford (1986) and Sorbonne University (1988), Visiting Professor at Sciences Po in Paris (2002\u20132003). He is a member of the Historical Commission of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.", "Q222628": "Small Faces were an English rock band from London, founded in 1965. The group originally consisted of Steve Marriott, Ronnie Lane, Kenney Jones, and Jimmy Winston, with Ian McLagan replacing Winston as the band's keyboardist in 1966. The band was one of the most acclaimed and influential mod groups of the 1960s, recording hit songs such as \"Itchycoo Park\", \"Lazy Sunday\", \"All or Nothing\", and \"Tin Soldier\", as well as their concept album Ogdens' Nut Gone Flake. They later evolved into one of the UK's most successful psychedelic bands until 1969.When Marriott left to form Humble Pie, Small Faces did not disband. The remaining three members collaborated with Ronnie Wood, Ronnie's older brother Art Wood, Rod Stewart and Kim Gardner, releasing four tracks under the name of Quiet Melon, after which Art Wood and Kim Gardner departed the situation and the remaining five members became Faces, except in North America, where this group's first album was credited to Small Faces. This practice has continued on all subsequent North American reissues of the album.\nFollowing the breakup of both Faces and Humble Pie (who coincidentally broke up in 1975), the classic line-up of the band reformed (consisting of Marriott, Lane, McLagan and Jones) during the later parts of that year after a re-release of \"Itchycoo Park\" became a top-ten hit. Lane left shortly thereafter, and was replaced by Rick Wills (later of Foreigner fame). This line-up, (dubbed Mk-II by Marriott) recorded one album Playmates before recruiting Jimmy McCulloch. This five-piece line-up released only 78 in the Shade before breaking up.\nSmall Faces were one of the biggest musical influences on the Britpop movement of the 1990s. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012. McCulloch died of an overdose on 27 September 1979. Marriott succumbed to a house fire on 20 April 1991. Lane died of multiple sclerosis on 4 June 1997. McLagan died due to a stroke on 3 December 2014. Wills, Winston and Jones all remain musically active as of 2019.", "Q7940086": "A volcanologist or vulcanologist is a geologist who studies the processes involved in the formation and eruptive activity of volcanoes and their current and historic eruptions, known as volcanology. Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, especially active ones, to observe volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra (such as ash or pumice), rock and lava samples. One major focus of inquiry is the prediction of eruptions; there is currently no accurate way to do this, but predicting eruptions could alleviate the impact on surrounding populations.", "Q43294": "Piz Giuv (or Schattig Wichel) is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Uri and Graub\u00fcnden. At 3,096 metres above sea level, it is the highest mountain of the Glarus Alps lying west of the Oberalpstock. Its summit is situated between three valleys: the Fellital and Etzlital on the north side and the Val Giuv (Surselva) on the south side. The slightly lower Piz Nair lies on its east side", "Q235354": "Mary Renault (; 4 September 1905 \u2013 13 December 1983), born Eileen Mary Challans, was an English and South African writer best known for her historical novels set in ancient Greece. In addition to vivid fictional portrayals of Theseus, Socrates, Plato, and Alexander the Great, she wrote a non-fiction biography of Alexander.", "Q74438": "Franz-Josef R\u00f6der (22 July 1909 in Merzig \u2013 26 June 1979 in Saarbr\u00fccken) was a German politician of the CDU and from 1959 to 1979 Minister President of Saarland. He had been a member of the Nazi party from 1933 to 1945.\n\n", "Q179694": "Jimmy Lee Ruffin (May 7, 1936 \u2013 November 17, 2014) was an American soul singer, and elder brother of David Ruffin of the Temptations. He had several hit records between the 1960s and 1980s, the most successful being the Top 10 hits \"What Becomes of the Brokenhearted\" and \"Hold On (To My Love)\".", "Q151118": "Katerina Alexandre Hartford Graham (born September 5, 1989) is a Swiss-born American actress, singer, dancer and model. She is best known for her role as Bonnie Bennett on The CW supernatural drama series The Vampire Diaries. Her film credits include The Parent Trap (1998), 17 Again (2009), The Roommate (2011), Honey 2 (2011), Addicted (2014), and All Eyez on Me (2017). In music, Graham was previously signed to A&M/Octone and Interscope Records, and has released two extended plays and two studio albums.", "Q73357": "Hermann Gerhardt Karl Oncken (16 November 1869 in Oldenburg, Germany \u2013 28 December 1945 in G\u00f6ttingen, Germany) was a German historian and political writer. He was one of the most notable historians of pre-Nazi Germany.\nHe lectured at the universities of Chicago (1905), Giessen (1906), Heidelberg (1907-1923), Munich (1923-1928), and Berlin (1928-1935). In 1935 he was forced to retire by the Nazi regime, which he opposed.\nHe specialized in the 19th century, history of historical thought, history of political thought.\nNotable students:\n\nFranz Schnabel (1887-1966), Ph.D. 1910\nGerhard Ritter (1888-1967), Ph.D. in 1912\nEgmont Zechlin (1896-1992), doctorate in 1922\nErnst Simon (1899-1988), Ph.D. in 1923\nGeorge W. F. Hallgarten (1901\u20131975), Ph.D. 1925\nWalter Frank (1905\u20131945), Ph.D. 1927\nMichael Freund (1902-1972), Ph.D. 1928\nPaul Kluke (1908-1990), Ph.D. 1931\nMargret Boveri (1900-1975), Ph.D. 1932\nFelix Hirsch (1902-1982), Ph.D 1924", "Q131834": "Pin (also known as Pin: A Plastic Nightmare) is a 1988 Canadian horror film directed by Sandor Stern and starring David Hewlett, Cynthia Preston and Terry O'Quinn. It is based on the novel of the same name by Andrew Neiderman. The film was released direct-to-video in the United States on January 27, 1989.\n\n", "Q460898": "Colin Salmon (born 6 December 1962) is a British actor known for playing Charles Robinson in three James Bond films, and James \"One\" Shade in the Resident Evil film series. He has had roles on many television series such as Tales from the Crypt, 24: Live Another Day, Arrow, Limitless, and Master of None. He most recently played General Zod on the Syfy series Krypton and provided his voice and likeness as Agent Carson in the PlayStation VR video game Blood & Truth.", "Q67322": "Johann Elias Schlegel (January 17, 1719 \u2013 August 13, 1749) was a German critic and dramatic poet.", "Q342876": "Across the Universe is a 2007 jukebox musical romantic drama film directed by Julie Taymor, centered on songs by the English rock band the Beatles. The script is based on an original story credited to Taymor, Dick Clement, and Ian La Frenais. It incorporates 34 compositions originally written by members of the Beatles. The film stars Jim Sturgess, Evan Rachel Wood, Joe Anderson and T.V. Carpio, and introduces Dana Fuchs and Martin Luther McCoy as actors. Cameo appearances are made by Bono, Eddie Izzard, Joe Cocker, and Salma Hayek, among others.\nAcross the Universe premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 14, 2007, and was theatrically released in the United States on October 12 by Columbia Pictures. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with many praising the visuals, cast and singing performances, though criticized the plot and direction. The film received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy and an Oscar nomination for Best Costume Design. Two members of the supporting cast, Carol Woods and Timothy T. Mitchum, performed as part of a special Beatles tribute at the 50th Grammy Awards.\n\n", "Q68011": "Roches is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).", "Q990890": "Ernest Edward Kovacs (January 23, 1919 \u2013 January 13, 1962) was an American comedian, actor, and writer.\nKovacs's visually experimental and often spontaneous comedic style influenced numerous television comedy programs for years after his death. Kovacs has been credited as an influence by many individuals and shows, including Johnny Carson, David Letterman, Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In, Saturday Night Live, Monty Python's Flying Circus, Jim Henson, Max Headroom, Chevy Chase, Conan O'Brien, Jimmy Kimmel, Captain Kangaroo, Sesame Street, The Electric Company, Pee-wee's Playhouse, The Muppet Show, Dave Garroway, Andy Kaufman, You Can't Do That on Television, Uncle Floyd, among others. Chevy Chase thanked Kovacs during his acceptance speech for his Emmy award for Saturday Night Live.Some of Kovacs's unusual behaviors included having pet marmosets and wrestling a jaguar on his live Philadelphia television show.When working at WABC (AM) as a morning-drive radio announcer and doing a mid-morning television series for NBC, Kovacs claimed to dislike eating breakfast alone while his wife, Edie Adams, was sleeping after her Broadway performances. His solution was to hire a taxi driver to come into their apartment with his own key and make breakfast for them both, then take Kovacs to the WABC studios.While Kovacs and Adams received Emmy nominations for best performances in a comedy series during 1957, his talent was not recognized formally until after his death. The 1962 Emmy for Outstanding Electronic Camera Work and the Directors' Guild award came a short time after his fatal accident. A quarter century later, he was inducted into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame. Kovacs also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in television. In 1986, the Museum of Broadcasting (later to become the Museum of Television & Radio and now the Paley Center for Media) presented an exhibit of Kovacs's work, called The Vision of Ernie Kovacs. The Pulitzer Prize\u2013winning television critic, William Henry III, wrote for the museum's booklet: \"Kovacs was more than another wide-eyed, self-ingratiating clown. He was television's first significant video artist.\"", "Q442387": "Almanya: Welcome to Germany (German: Almanya \u2013 Willkommen in Deutschland) (Almanya is Turkish for Germany) is a 2011 German comedy film directed by Yasemin \u015eamdereli. The film premiered at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival in the section competition and won the Deutscher Filmpreis 2011 in the categories Best Script and Best Film.\nThe tragic comedy dramatizes the question of identity and belonging for former Turkish guest workers in Germany and their descendants. The film opened in German cinemas on 10 March and was the fourth most successful German film of 2011 with 1.5 million viewers.", "Q487965": "Industrial music is a genre of music that draws on harsh, transgressive or provocative sounds and themes. AllMusic defines industrial music as the \"most abrasive and aggressive fusion of rock and electronic music\" that was \"initially a blend of avant-garde electronics experiments (tape music, musique concr\u00e8te, white noise, synthesizers, sequencers, etc.) and punk provocation\". The term was coined in the mid-1970s with the founding of Industrial Records by members of Throbbing Gristle and Monte Cazazza. While the genre name originated with Throbbing Gristle's emergence in the United Kingdom, concentrations of artists and labels vital to the genre also emerged in America, namely in Chicago.\nThe first industrial artists experimented with noise and aesthetically controversial topics, musically and visually, such as fascism, sexual perversion, and the occult. Prominent industrial musicians include Throbbing Gristle, Monte Cazazza, SPK, Boyd Rice, Cabaret Voltaire, and Z'EV. On Throbbing Gristle's 1977 debut album The Second Annual Report, they coined the slogan \"industrial music for industrial people\". Chicago-based independent label Wax Trax Records featured a heavy roster of industrial music acts. The precursors that influenced the development of the genre included acts such as electronic music group Kraftwerk, experimental rock acts such as Pink Floyd and Frank Zappa, psychedelic rock artists such as Jimi Hendrix, and composers such as John Cage. Musicians also cite writers such as William S. Burroughs, and philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche as influences.\nWhile the term was self-applied by a small coterie of groups and individuals associated with Industrial Records in the late 1970s, it was broadened to include artists influenced by the original movement or using an \"industrial\" aesthetic. Over time, the genre's influence spread into and blended with styles including ambient, synth music and rock such as Front 242, Front Line Assembly, and Sister Machine Gun from the Chicago-based Wax Trax Records. Electro-industrial music is a primary subgenre that developed in the 1980s. The two other most notable hybrid genres are industrial rock and industrial metal, which include bands such as Nine Inch Nails, Ministry, Skinny Puppy, and KMFDM, the first two of which released platinum-selling albums in the 1990s.", "Q716008": "Rand Miller (born January 17, 1959) is a CEO and co-founder of Cyan Worlds (originally Cyan). He and brother Robyn Miller became famous due to the success of their computer game Myst, which remained the all-time bestselling computer game from its release in 1993 until that record was surpassed by The Sims nearly a decade later. Rand also worked on the game's sequel, Riven, and later reprised his role as protagonist Atrus in Myst III: Exile, realMyst, Uru, Myst IV: Revelation, and Myst V: End of Ages. He also co-authored Myst novels The Book of Atrus, The Book of Ti'ana, and The Book of D'ni.He remains the CEO of Cyan Worlds.\n\n", "Q31164": "Elena Jane Goulding ( GOLDing; born 30 December 1986) is an English singer and songwriter. Her career began when she met record producers Starsmith and Frankmusik, and she was later spotted by Jamie Lillywhite, who later became her manager and A&R. After signing to Polydor Records in July 2009, Goulding released her debut extended play, An Introduction to Ellie Goulding later that year.In 2010, she became the second artist to top the BBC's annual Sound of... poll and win the Critics' Choice Award at the Brit Awards in the same year. She released her debut studio album, Lights, in 2010; it debuted at No.\u20091 on the UK Albums Chart and has sold over 850,000 copies in the United Kingdom. In November 2010, the album was reissued as Bright Lights, which spawned two singles: a cover of Elton John's \"Your Song\" which was selected for the first John Lewis Christmas advert, reached No.\u20092 on the UK Singles Chart, and \"Lights\", which became Goulding's highest-charting single on the US Billboard Hot 100 to date, peaking at No.\u20092.\nGoulding's second studio album, Halcyon, was released in October 2012. \"Anything Could Happen\" preceded the album as the lead single. The album debuted at No.\u20092 on the UK Albums Chart, and after 65 weeks, it reached No.\u20091. Halcyon debuted at No.\u20099 on the US Billboard 200. Halcyon Days, a repackaged edition of Halcyon, was released in August 2013, generating singles, such as \"Burn\", which became her first No.\u20091 single in the UK. At the 2014 Brit Awards, she received the award for British Female Solo Artist. Goulding released her third studio album, titled Delirium, on 6 November 2015, with \"On My Mind\" as the album's lead single. In December 2015, she received her first Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Solo Performance for her single \"Love Me Like You Do\".", "Q92803": "Grady Booch (born February 27, 1955) is an American software engineer, best known for developing the Unified Modeling Language (UML) with Ivar Jacobson and James Rumbaugh. He is recognized internationally for his innovative work in software architecture, software engineering, and collaborative development environments.", "Q26418": "Hakodate (\u51fd\u9928\u5e02, Hakodate-shi) is a city and port located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital city of Oshima Subprefecture.\nAs of July 31, 2011, the city has an estimated population of 279,851 with 143,221 households, and a population density of 412.83 persons per km2 (1,069.2 persons per sq. mi.). The total area is 677.77 km2 (261.69 sq mi). The city is now the third biggest in Hokkaido after Sapporo and Asahikawa.\n\n", "Q78202": "Markus Pieper (born 15 May 1963) is a German politician and member of the European Parliament for Germany. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.", "Q41483": "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (Italian: Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo, lit.\u2009'\"The good, the ugly, the bad\"') is a 1966 Italian epic Spaghetti Western film directed by Sergio Leone and starring Clint Eastwood as \"the Good\", Lee Van Cleef as \"the Bad\", and Eli Wallach as \"the Ugly\". Its screenplay was written by Age & Scarpelli, Luciano Vincenzoni and Leone (with additional screenplay material and dialogue provided by an uncredited Sergio Donati), based on a story by Vincenzoni and Leone. Director of photography Tonino Delli Colli was responsible for the film's sweeping widescreen cinematography, and Ennio Morricone composed the film's score including its main theme. It is an Italian-led production with co-producers in Spain, West Germany and the United States.\nThe film is known for Leone's use of long shots and close-up cinematography, as well as his distinctive use of violence, tension, and stylistic gunfights. The plot revolves around three gunslingers competing to find fortune in a buried cache of Confederate gold amid the violent chaos of the American Civil War (specifically the New Mexico Campaign in 1862), while participating in many battles and duels along the way. The film was the third collaboration between Leone and Clint Eastwood, and the second with Lee Van Cleef.\nThe Good, the Bad and the Ugly was marketed as the third and final instalment in the Dollars Trilogy, following A Fistful of Dollars and For a Few Dollars More. The film was a financial success, grossing over $25 million at the box office, and is credited with having catapulted Eastwood into stardom. Due to general disapproval of the Spaghetti Western genre at the time, critical reception of the film following its release was mixed, but it gained critical acclaim in later years. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly is now seen as one of the greatest and most influential Western movies ever made.", "Q27706": "Hamburg Airport (IATA: HAM, ICAO: EDDH), known in German as Flughafen Hamburg, is the international airport of Hamburg, the second-largest city in Germany. Since November 2016 the official name has become Hamburg Airport Helmut Schmidt, after the former German chancellor Helmut Schmidt. It is located 8.5 km (5.3 mi) north of the city centre in the Fuhlsb\u00fcttel quarter and serves as a hub for Eurowings and focus cities for Condor, Ryanair, and TUI fly Deutschland.\nHamburg Airport is the fifth-busiest of Germany's commercial airports measured by the number of passengers and counted 17,231,687 passengers and 156,388 aircraft movements in 2018. It is named after former senator of Hamburg and chancellor of Germany, Helmut Schmidt. As of July 2017, it featured flights to more than 130 mostly European metropolitan and leisure destinations as well as three are long-haul routes to Dubai, Tabriz and Tehran. The airport is equipped to handle wide-bodied aircraft including the Airbus A380.Hamburg's other airport, Hamburg Finkenwerder Airport, is not open to commercial traffic. This is where the Airbus factory site is located.", "Q675587": "Mark Michael Brzezicki (English: br\u0259-ZIK-ee, Polish: [b\u0290\u025b\u02c8\u0291itsk\u02b2i]; born 21 June 1957) is an English musician, best known as the drummer for the Scottish rock band Big Country, and was a member of the bands the Cult, Ultravox, From the Jam and Procol Harum. He has also played with Rick Astley, the Crazy World of Arthur Brown, Roger Daltrey, Fish, Steve Harley, Howard Jones, Nik Kershaw, the Pretenders, Thunderclap Newman, Tiffany, Midge Ure, Pete Townshend and many others. He was also the sole drummer on Shine, the second and final English language studio album to date by Swedish singer Anni-Frid Lyngstad of ABBA. He uses both the traditional and matched grips.\nBrzezicki is the son of a Polish war veteran and an English mother. Brzezicki left Big Country in July 1989, but rejoined in 1993. Together with bassist Tony Butler and guitarist Bruce Watson, Big Country started gigging again in 2007, as part of their 25th anniversary tour.\nIn 2004, Brzezicki helped found a new band, Casbah Club, with Bruce Foxton and Simon Townshend.\nSmash Hits magazine had a running gag in the 1980s wherein they referred to him as \"Mark Unpronounceablename of Big Country\". On Pete Townshend's All the Best Cowboys Have Chinese Eyes and White City: A Novel albums, there are joking references to the spelling of his last name.\nHis brother Steve is a session bassist with whom he frequently collaborates.\nOn 10 October 2009, Mark Brzezicki re-joined the Cult onstage at the Royal Albert Hall in London. He joined original members Ian Astbury, Billy Duffy and Jamie Stewart, with whom he had recorded their Love (1985) album, to perform \"The Phoenix\" and \"She Sells Sanctuary\" as a second and final encore to a live performance of Love.", "Q935586": "Liturgical music originated as a part of religious ceremony, and includes a number of traditions, both ancient and modern. Liturgical music is well known as a part of Catholic Mass, the Anglican Holy Communion service (or Eucharist) and Evensong, the Lutheran Divine Service, the Orthodox liturgy and other Christian services including the Divine Office. Such ceremonial music in the Judeo-Christian tradition can be traced back to both the Temple in Jerusalem and synagogue worship of the Hebrews.\nThe qualities that create the distinctive character of liturgical music are based on the notion that liturgical music is conceived and composed according to the norms and needs of the various historic liturgies of particular denominations.", "Q3087122": "Fred Thomas Kovaleski (October 8, 1924 \u2013 May 25, 2018) was an American tennis player, spy, and businessman.", "Q943410": "Rolf Blomberg (11 November 1912 \u2013 8 December 1996) was a Swedish explorer, non-fiction writer, photographer and producer of documentary films.", "Q708236": "Ronald Frederick Lane (1 April 1946 \u2013 4 June 1997) was an English musician, songwriter, and producer who is best known as the bass guitarist and founding member of two prominent English rock and roll bands: Small Faces (1965\u201369) and subsequently Faces (1969\u201373). With Small Faces he was nicknamed \u201cPlonk\u201d. After their breakup and the formation as Faces, he acquired the nickname \u201cThree-Piece\u201d.\nIn 1973, Lane quit Faces. Subsequently, he collaborated with other musicians, leading his own bands and pursuing a solo career, while remaining close to his former bandmates. In 1977, he was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. He was supported by charity projects and financial contributions from friends, former bandmates and fans. After suffering from the disease for 21 years, he died aged 51.For his work in both Small Faces and Faces, Lane was inducted posthumously into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.", "Q905323": "Richard Weiner (6 November 1884 \u2013 3 January 1937) was a Czech journalist and writer. He is generally considered to be one of the most important Czech writers of the twentieth century, since he influenced many of his own and later generations of writers. Yet he is little known outside the Czech Republic. Because of his enigmatic writings he has often been likened to Franz Kafka, although mutual influences can be ruled out with near certainty. He has been called \"the poet of anxiety\", others spoke of him as \"the Odd-man out\" of Czech literature. His contemporary Karel \u010capek named him \"the man of pain.\"", "Q933849": "William Henry Conley (11 June 1840 \u2013 25 July 1897), was a Pittsburgh philanthropist and industrialist. He was married to Sarah Shaffer (1841\u20131908). Together, they provided organizational and financial support to religious institutions in the United States. William Conley was trained by his uncle in the printing business for ten years. Conley was co-owner of the Riter Conley Company, which provided steel and manufactured goods during the Second Industrial Revolution.\n\n", "Q1052614": "Utah State University (USU or Utah State) is a public land-grant research university in Logan, Utah. It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. With nearly 20,000 students living on or near campus, USU is Utah's largest public residential campus. As of Fall 2019, there were 27,810 students enrolled including 24,669 undergraduate students and 3,141 graduate students. The university has the highest percentage of out-of-state students of any public university in Utah totaling 23% of the student body.Founded in 1888 as Utah's agricultural college, USU focused on science, engineering, agriculture, domestic arts, military science, and mechanic arts. The university offers programs in liberal arts, engineering, business, economics, natural resource sciences, as well as nationally ranked elementary & secondary education programs. It offers master's and doctoral programs in humanities, social sciences, and STEM areas (Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). It received its current name in 1957.The university is classified among \"R2: Doctoral Universities \u2013 High research activity\". Utah State University has produced 7 Rhodes Scholars, 1 Nobel Prize winner, 1 MacArthur Fellows program inductee, 4 recipients of the Harry S. Truman Scholarship, and 34 recipients of the Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship. USU has nine colleges and offers 159 undergraduate degrees, 83 master's degrees, and 41 doctoral degrees. USU's main campus is in Logan with regional campuses in Brigham City, Tooele, and the Uintah Basin and 28 other locations throughout Utah. In 2010, the College of Eastern Utah, in Price, Utah joined the USU system becoming Utah State University College of Eastern Utah (USU Eastern). Throughout Utah, USU operates more than 20 distance education centers. Regional campuses, USU Eastern, and distance education centers account for 61.6% of the students enrolled. USU has 149,000 alumni in all 50 states and 110 countries.USU's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Utah State Aggies. They are a member of the Mountain West Conference.\n\n", "Q271270": "Barbara Brylska (born 5 June 1941) is a Polish actress who was also featured in numerous films throughout the countries of the Warsaw Pact including the Soviet Union. She is noted especially for her role as Nadya in the 1975 Soviet comedy film Irony of Fate.", "Q77657": "Pamela Asl\u0131 Spence (born February 23, 1973) is a Turkish pop-rock singer.\nBorn to an American father and a Turkish mother, she sings in Turkish, which she learned at the age of 15 She has also collaborated with a number of other Turkish singers including Teoman. She has also performed in several musicals.Spence studied Theater Arts at the Ankara State Conservatory. She was first noticed by critics in a musical version of They Shoot Horses, Don't They? staged in Turkey, where she had acted alongside actors Okan Bay\u00fclgen and Fikret Ku\u015fkan. She then starred in TV miniseries such as Lahmacun ve Pizza, and took part in Teoman's group of vocalists. Her first album, E\u011fer Dinlersen, is the product of a long period of preparation. With the songs in her second album, \u015eehir Rehberi, she used a style that was closer to rock music, as opposed to the pop notes of her first album. One of the songs from her second album, \u0130stanbul, attracted particular public attention with its touching and easily memorizable lyrics. In May 2006, she produced her third album, Cehennet.", "Q66982": "Hubersdorf is a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q315090": "Walter Stacy Keach Jr. (born June 2, 1941) is an American actor and voice actor. He has played mainly dramatic roles throughout his career, often in law enforcement or as a private detective. His most prominent role was as Mickey Spillane's fictional detective Mike Hammer, which he played in numerous stand-alone television films and at least three different television series throughout the 1980s and 1990s. The role earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination in 1984.\nHe has appeared as the lead in films such as Fat City and The Ninth Configuration. He has also performed as a narrator for programs including CNBC'S American Greed (2008\u2013) and various educational television programs. Comedic roles include Ken, the father of comedian Christopher Titus in the FOX sitcom Titus (2000\u20132002), and as Sergeant Stedenko in Cheech & Chong's films Up in Smoke (1978) and Nice Dreams (1981). Keach won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for the television miniseries Hemingway (1988). He is an inductee of the Theatre Hall of Fame and was honored with a star on The Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2019.", "Q114322": "Dana Marie Perino (born May 9, 1972) is an American political commentator and author who served as the twenty-fourth White House Press Secretary, serving under President George W. Bush from September 14, 2007, to January 20, 2009. She was the second female White House Press Secretary, after Dee Dee Myers, who served during the Clinton Administration. She is currently a political commentator for Fox News, while also serving as a co-host of the network's talk show The Five, and is a book publishing executive at Random House. On October 2, 2017, she began hosting The Daily Briefing with Dana Perino on Fox News.", "Q3846114": "Marco Faustini (17 May 1606 - 7 January 1676) was an Italian theatrical impresario and brother of the impresario and librettist Giovanni Faustini.", "Q907534": "Albert Lester Lehninger (February 17, 1917 \u2013 March 4, 1986) was an American biochemist in the field of bioenergetics. He made fundamental contributions to the current understanding of metabolism at a molecular level. In 1948, he discovered, with Eugene P. Kennedy, that mitochondria are the site of oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes, which ushered in the modern study of energy transduction. He is the author of a number of classic texts, including: Biochemistry, The Mitochondrion, Bioenergetics and, most notably, his series Principles of Biochemistry. The latter is a widely used text for introductory biochemistry courses at the college and university levels.\n\n", "Q348383": "Demofilo Fidani (born February 8, 1914 on a steamship bound for Cagliari; died April 4, 1994) was an Italian film director (24 films), set designer (more than 200 films), painter, and a regarded medium and author.As director, Fidani specialized in spaghetti westerns and used many different pseudonyms including Miles Deem, Lucky Dickinson, Alex Demos, and Danilo Dani. Many of the films were westerns, in which he used the names of well-known characters such as Butch Cassidy, Macho Callahan, Django and Sartana, as well as titles that were variations of popular titles. Besides his westerns, he directed crime films, sex comedies, and a giallo. Fidani's regular actors included Jack Betts (also known as Hunt Powers), Gordon Mitchell, Jeff Cameron and Klaus Kinski.\n\n", "Q1691404": "Joseph \"Joe\" Eldridge (born 1908 in Pittsburgh - died March 5, 1952 in New York City) was an American jazz saxophonist. He was the brother of Roy Eldridge.\nEldridge played professionally starting in 1927, leading a group called the Elite Serenaders for several years. He played with Speed Webb and Cecil Scott early in the 1930s, and in 1933 co-led an ensemble with his brother. After working with McKinney's Cotton Pickers and Blanche Calloway, he joined his brother's new band in late 1936, remaining with the group until 1940. Following this he played briefly with Buddy Johnson, then with Zutty Singleton from 1941 to 1943.\nEldridge led his own band at the club Jimmy Ryan's in 1943, then relocated to Los Angeles, where he worked with Singleton and his brother Roy again and also with Hot Lips Page. He spent most of the second half of the 1940s playing in Canada. In 1950 he moved back to New York City, where he worked briefly teaching music before his death.", "Q42834": "In historiography, the Western Roman Empire refers to the western provinces of the Roman Empire at any time during which they were administered by a separate independent Imperial court; in particular, this term is used to describe the period from 395 to 476, where there were separate coequal courts dividing the governance of the empire in the Western and the Eastern provinces, with a distinct imperial succession in the separate courts. The terms Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire were coined in modern times to describe political entities that were de facto independent; contemporary Romans did not consider the Empire to have been split into two separate empires but viewed it as a single polity governed by two separate imperial courts as an administrative expediency. The Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476, and the Western imperial court in Ravenna was formally dissolved by Justinian in 554. The Eastern imperial court survived until 1453.\nThough the Empire had seen periods with more than one Emperor ruling jointly before, the view that it was impossible for a single emperor to govern the entire Empire was institutionalised to reforms to Roman law by emperor Diocletian following the disastrous civil wars and disintegrations of the Crisis of the Third Century. He introduced the system of the tetrarchy in 286, with two separate senior emperors titled Augustus, one in the East and one in the West, each with an appointed Caesar (junior emperor and designated successor). Though the tetrarchic system would collapse in a matter of years, the East\u2013West administrative division would endure in one form or another over the coming centuries. As such, the Western Roman Empire would exist intermittently in several periods between the 3rd and 5th centuries. Some emperors, such as Constantine I and Theodosius I, governed as the sole Augustus across the Roman Empire. On the death of Theodosius I in 395, he divided the empire between his two sons, with Honorius as his successor in the West, governing from Mediolanum, and Arcadius as his successor in the East, governing from Constantinople.\nIn 476, after the Battle of Ravenna, the Roman Army in the West suffered defeat at the hands of Odoacer and his Germanic foederati. Odoacer forced the deposition of emperor Romulus Augustulus and became the first King of Italy. In 480, following the assassination of the previous Western emperor Julius Nepos, the Eastern emperor Zeno dissolved the Western court and proclaimed himself the sole emperor of the Roman Empire. The date of 476 was popularized by the 18th century British historian Edward Gibbon as a demarcating event for the end of the Western Empire and is sometimes used to mark the transition from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. Odoacer's Italy, and other barbarian kingdoms, many of them representing former Western Roman allies that had been granted lands in return for military assistance, would maintain a pretence of Roman continuity through the continued use of the old Roman administrative systems and nominal subservience to the Eastern Roman court.\nIn the 6th century, emperor Justinian I re-imposed direct Imperial rule on large parts of the former Western Roman Empire, including the prosperous regions of North Africa, the ancient Roman heartland of Italy and parts of Hispania. Political instability in the Eastern heartlands, combined with foreign invasions and religious differences, made efforts to retain control of these territories difficult and they were gradually lost for good. Though the Eastern Empire retained territories in the south of Italy until the eleventh century, the influence that the Empire had over Western Europe had diminished significantly. The papal coronation of the Frankish King Charlemagne as Roman Emperor in 800 marked a new imperial line that would evolve into the Holy Roman Empire, which presented a revival of the Imperial title in Western Europe but was in no meaningful sense an extension of Roman traditions or institutions. The Great Schism of 1054 between the churches of Rome and Constantinople further diminished any authority the Emperor in Constantinople could hope to exert in the west.", "Q100357": "Sabine J\u00fcnger (born 21 May 1973 in K\u00f6nigs Wusterhausen) is a German politician for The Left Party.PDS.\nJ\u00fcnger studied theology and changed to legal science in Berlin in 1992. She started political work in 1991, while still in school. In 1992, J\u00fcnger became a member of The Left Party.PDS. In 1994, she was elected to the parliament of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. In the federal elections in 1998 she was elected to the Bundestag, where she was a member until 2002.\nJ\u00fcnger is openly lesbian and has one child. She is an atheist.", "Q107438": "Werner Daehn (born 14 October 1967) is a German actor with an international reputation, who has worked with Vin Diesel and Samuel L. Jackson in XXX, with Jason Priestley in Colditz an ITV1 2005 miniseries, with Bill Pullman in Revelations and with Steven Seagal in Shadow Man. He has also worked in German productions like Stauffenberg - Rebellion of Conscience (also titled Valkeryie on the German DVD) and King of Thieves (nominated in Germany for the Grimme Prize). He appears momentarily in the film The Lives of Others by Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck. He also took part in a British production for the BBC, when in 2011 he played the role of Dr Georg Maurer, the German doctor who treated the Manchester United players who survived the 1958 Munich air disaster. In 2016, he played the role of Josef Von Zimmerman, in Game of Aces. In 2014 he played the role of Timo Lemke in Tatort: Der Maulwurf which was then aired on the Das Erste channel.", "Q1123947": "XL Recordings is a British independent record label founded in 1989 by Tim Palmer and Nick Halkes. It is run and co-owned by Richard Russell since 1996. It forms part of the Beggars Group.\nAlthough only releasing an average of six albums a year, XL has worked with Adele, Arca, Azealia Banks, Beck, Dizzee Rascal, Electric Six, FKA twigs, M.I.A., Gil Scott-Heron, Jungle, Giggs, Gotan Project, The Horrors, Jai Paul, King Krule, Nines, The Prodigy, Peaches, Radiohead, Lemon Jelly, Sampha, SBTRKT, Sigur R\u00f3s, Tyler, the Creator, Vampire Weekend, The White Stripes, and The xx. The label releases albums worldwide and operates across a range of genres.", "Q378240": "Georges Raymond Constantin Rodenbach (16 July 1855 \u2013 25 December 1898) was a Belgian Symbolist poet and novelist.", "Q110144": "Gottlob Wilhelm Burmann (18 May 1737, in Lauban \u2013 5 January 1805) was a German Romantic poet and lipogrammatist. He is best known for his dislike of the letter R. The letter does not appear in any of his 130 poems. He is even said to have eliminated it from his daily speech, refusing to say his last name for over seventeen years.", "Q156111": "The General Government (German: Generalgouvernement, Polish: Generalne Gubernatorstwo, Ukrainian: \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0456\u044f), also referred to as the General Governorate for the occupied Polish Region (German: Generalgouvernement f\u00fcr die besetzten polnischen Gebiete), was a German zone of occupation established after the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, Slovakia and the Soviet Union in 1939 at the onset of World War II. The newly occupied Second Polish Republic was split into three zones: the General Government in its centre, Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany in the west, and Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union in the east. The territory was expanded substantially in 1941, after the German Invasion of the Soviet Union, to include the new District of Galicia.The basis for the formation of the General Government was the \"Annexation Decree on the Administration of the Occupied Polish Territories\". Announced by Hitler on October 8, 1939, it claimed that the Polish government had totally collapsed. This rationale was utilized by the German Supreme Court to reassign the identity of all Polish nationals as stateless subjects, with the exception of the ethnic Germans of interwar Poland\u2014who, disregarding international law, were named the only rightful citizens of the Third Reich.The General Government was run by Germany as a separate administrative unit for logistical purposes. When the Wehrmacht forces invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 (Operation Barbarossa), the area of the General Government was enlarged by the inclusion of the Polish regions previously annexed to the USSR. Within days East Galicia was overrun and incorporated into the District of Galicia. Until 1945, the General Government comprised much of central, southern, and southeastern Poland within its prewar borders (and of modern-day Western Ukraine), including the major Polish cities of Warsaw, Krak\u00f3w, Lw\u00f3w (now Lviv, renamed Lemberg), Lublin (see Lublin Reservation), Tarnopol (see history of Tarnopol Ghetto), Stanis\u0142aw\u00f3w (now Ivano-Frankivsk, renamed Stanislau; see Stanis\u0142aw\u00f3w Ghetto), Drohobycz, and Sambor (see Drohobycz and Sambor Ghettos) and others. Geographical locations were renamed in German.The administration of the General Government was composed entirely of German officials, with the intent that the area was to be colonized by Germanic settlers who would reduce the local Polish population to the level of serfs before their eventual biological extermination. The Nazi German rulers of the Generalgouvernement had no intention of sharing power with the locals throughout the war, regardless of their ethnicity and political orientation. The authorities rarely mentioned the name \"Poland\" in legal correspondence. The only exception to this was the General Government's Bank of Issue in Poland (Polish: Bank Emisyjny w Polsce, German: Emissionbank in Polen).\n\n", "Q55390": "Pawe\u0142 Piotr Kukiz (born 24 June 1963) is a Polish politician, singer and actor. He is the leader of Kukiz'15, a non-partisan political alliance campaigning for single-member districts, and was a candidate in the 2015 presidential election, in which he received 21% of the votes in the first round of the elections, finishing third.", "Q805451": "Ballymena (from Irish: An Baile Me\u00e1nach, meaning \"the middle townland\", Irish pronunciation: [\u0259n\u032a\u02e0 \u02c8b\u02e0al\u02b2\u0259 \u02c8m\u02b2a\u02d0n\u032a\u02e0\u0259x]) is a town in County Antrim, and the eighth largest in Northern Ireland. It is part of the Borough of Mid and East Antrim. It had a population of 29,551 people at the 2011 Census.The town is built on land given to the Adair family by King Charles I in 1626, on the basis that the town holds two annual fairs and a free Saturday market in perpetuity. As of 2018, the Saturday market still runs. It is a popular shopping hub within Northern Ireland and is home to Ballymena United F.C.\nBallymena incorporates an area of 632 square kilometres (244 square miles) and is home to large villages such as Cullybackey, Galgorm, Ahoghill and Broughshane. The town used to host Ireland's largest one-day agricultural show at the Ballymena Showgrounds. The town centre has many historic buildings. The Town Hall was built in 1924 on the site of the old Market House, and was refurbished in 2007 at a cost of roughly \u00a320 million.\n\n", "Q330238": "Malcolm Frager (January 15, 1935 \u2013 June 20, 1991) was an American piano virtuoso and recording artist.", "Q53939": "Fran\u00e7oise Madeleine Hardy (French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303swaz a\u0281di]; born 17 January 1944) is a French singer-songwriter. She made her musical debut in the early 1960s on Disques Vogue and found immediate success with her song \"Tous les gar\u00e7ons et les filles\". As a leading figure of the y\u00e9-y\u00e9 movement, Hardy \"found herself at the very forefront of the French music scene\", and became \"France's most exportable female singing star\", recording in various languages, appearing in movies, touring throughout Europe, and gaining plaudits from musicians such as Bob Dylan, Miles Davis and Mick Jagger. With the aid of photographer Jean-Marie P\u00e9rier, Hardy also began modeling, and soon became a popular fashion icon as well.As the y\u00e9-y\u00e9 era drew to a close in the late 1960s, Hardy sought to reinvent herself, casting off the fashionable girl next door image that P\u00e9rier had created for her and abandoning the \"cute\" and catchy compositions that had characterized her repertoire up to that point. She began working with more accomplished songwriters such as Serge Gainsbourg and Patrick Modiano. Her 1971 album La question represented an important turning point in her career, moving towards a more mature style; it remains her most acclaimed work and has generated a dedicated cult following over the years. The early 1970s also marked the beginning of Hardy's renowned involvement with astrology, becoming an expert and writer on the subject over the years.Hardy remains a popular figure in music and fashion, and is considered an icon of French pop and of the 1960s. The singer is also considered a gay icon and has \"repeatedly declared that her most devoted friends and fans are gay.\" Several of her songs and albums have appeared in critics' lists.", "Q436360": "Jane Adams (born April 1, 1965) is an American actress. She made her Broadway debut in the original production of I Hate Hamlet in 1991, and won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for the 1994 revival of An Inspector Calls. Her film roles include Happiness (1998), Wonder Boys (2000), Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004), and Little Children (2006). She also had a recurring role on the NBC sitcom Frasier (1999\u20132000), and was nominated for the 2010 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television for the HBO series Hung (2009\u201311).", "Q447599": "Enric R. Madriguera (Barcelona, 17 February 1904 \u2013 7 September 1973) was a violinist of Catalan origin who was playing concerts as a child before he studied at the Barcelona Conservatory. (The Castilian form of his name is Enrique, which he sometimes used on records.) Whilst still in his twenties he was lead violinist at Boston's and Symphony orchestras before becoming the conductor of the Cuban Philharmonic.In the late 1920s Madriguera played in Ben Selvin's studio orchestra at Columbia Records in New York, and served briefly as that company's director of Latin music recording. In 1932 he began his own orchestra at the Biltmore Hotel, which recorded for Columbia until 1934. His music at this period was mostly Anglo-American dance or foxtrot, frequently jazz-inflected, although he had a modest hit with his rhumba rendition of Carioca (1934).\nBy the 1930s he was recording Latin American music almost exclusively. (His composition Adios became a national hit in 1931.) On his radio appearances, the band was billed as \"Enric Madriguera and His Music of the Americas,\" and Adios was its theme song. It was said that the ambassadors from all the South American countries declared Madriguera to be the \"Ambassador of Music to all the Americas\". Madriguera appeared in a number of \"musical shorts\" including \"Enric Madriguera and his Orchestra\" (1946) where he performed a number of songs including the orchestra for his vocalist-wife Patricia Gilmore. A review of one of his appearances recorded how he \"reflected the warmth of our neighbors to the south\".He died in retirement in Danbury, Connecticut. His sister was pianist Paquita Madriguera, the second wife of Andres Segovia.", "Q1194": "Schleswig-Holstein (German: [\u02c8\u0283le\u02d0sv\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8h\u0254l\u0283ta\u026an]) is the northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig. Its capital city is Kiel; other notable cities are L\u00fcbeck and Flensburg.\nAlso known in more dated English as Sleswick-Holsatia, the region is called Slesvig-Holsten in Danish and pronounced [\u02ccsle\u031d\u02d0svi \u02c8h\u028cl\u02ccste\u031d\u02c0n]. The Low German name is Sleswig-Holsteen, and the North Frisian name is Slaswik-Holstiinj. Historically, the name can also refer to a larger region, containing both present-day Schleswig-Holstein and the former South Jutland County (Northern Schleswig; now part of the Region of Southern Denmark) in Denmark.", "Q290924": "Terrorgruppe (German pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u025b\u0281\u0254\u0250\u032f\u0261\u0281\u028ap\u0259]) is a German punk band from Berlin which was founded in 1993 and split up in 2005 to reunite in 2013.\nThe band is notorious for its live performances, involving various on-stage gags and audience participation.", "Q213393": "John Wesley (; 28 June [O.S. 17 June] 1703 \u2013 2 March 1791) was an English cleric, theologian and evangelist who was a leader of a revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism. The societies he founded became the dominant form of the independent Methodist movement that continues to this day.\nEducated at Charterhouse and Christ Church, Oxford, Wesley was elected a fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford in 1726 and ordained as an Anglican priest two years later. He led the \"Holy Club\", a society formed for the purpose of the study and the pursuit of a devout Christian life; it had been founded by his brother, Charles, and counted George Whitefield among its members. After an unsuccessful ministry of two years at Savannah in the Georgia Colony, Wesley returned to London and joined a religious society led by Moravian Christians. On 24 May 1738, he experienced what has come to be called his evangelical conversion, when he felt his \"heart strangely warmed\". He subsequently left the Moravians, beginning his own ministry.\nA key step in the development of Wesley's ministry was, like Whitefield, to travel and preach outdoors. In contrast to Whitefield's Calvinism, Wesley embraced Arminian doctrines. Moving across Great Britain and Ireland, he helped form and organize small Christian groups that developed intensive and personal accountability, discipleship and religious instruction; most importantly, he appointed itinerant, unordained evangelists to care for these groups of people. Under Wesley's direction, Methodists became leaders in many social issues of the day, including prison reform and the abolition of slavery.\nAlthough he was not a systematic theologian, Wesley argued for the notion of Christian perfection and against Calvinism\u2014and, in particular, against its doctrine of predestination. He held that, in this life, Christians could achieve a state where the love of God \"reigned supreme in their hearts\", giving them not only outward but inward holiness. His evangelicalism, firmly grounded in sacramental theology, maintained that means of grace sometimes had a role in sanctification of the believer, however he taught that it was by faith a believer was transformed into the likeness of Christ, and the good works are the evidence that a person has been so. He encouraged people to experience Jesus Christ personally in the \"more excellent way\" of \"Christian perfection\". Wesley's teachings, collectively known as Wesleyan theology, continue to underpin the doctrine of the Methodist churches.\nThroughout his life, Wesley remained within the established Church of England, insisting that the Methodist movement lay well within its tradition. In his early ministry, Wesley was barred from preaching in many parish churches and the Methodists were persecuted; he later became widely respected and, by the end of his life, had been described as \"the best-loved man in England\".\n\n", "Q20727": "Einar Dahl (born 1 March 1904 in Falun; died 17 January 1979 in Uddevalla, Sweden) was a Swedish Esperantist who worked first as an elementary school teacher and later as a school principal in Uddevalla. He was an honorary member of the World Esperanto Association (Universala Esperanto-Asocio, UEA), and during his many years as a member of the UEA executive committee (Komitato) he helped to pioneer parliamentary activity on behalf of the Esperanto movement.", "Q66772": "Neuendorf is a municipality in the district of G\u00e4u in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q696152": "Tiberio Murgia (5 February 1929 \u2013 20 August 2010) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in more than 100 films between 1958 and 2009.", "Q3973": "Grevenbroich (German pronunciation: [\u02cc\u0261\u0281e\u02d0v\u0259n\u02c8b\u0281o\u02d0x]) is a town in the Rhein-Kreis Neuss, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the river Erft, approximately 15 km southwest of Neuss and 15 km southeast of M\u00f6nchengladbach. Cologne and D\u00fcsseldorf are in a 30 km reach. It is notable for having the Frimmersdorf Power Station, which was one of Europe's least carbon-efficient power stations.", "Q463407": "Frank Vincent Gattuso Jr. (April 15, 1937 \u2013 September 13, 2017), known professionally as Frank Vincent, was an American actor, musician, and author. He played prominent roles in the HBO series The Sopranos and in several films for director Martin Scorsese: Raging Bull (1980), Goodfellas (1990), and Casino (1995).", "Q68987": "Heinrich Landesmann (9 August 1821, Nikolsburg \u2013 4 December 1902, Brno), more commonly known by his pseudonym, Hieronymus Lorm, was an Austrian poet and philosophical writer.\nFrom his earliest childhood he was very sickly; at the age of fifteen his sight and hearing were almost completely destroyed; and later in life he became totally blind. He developed the Lorm alphabet, a form of tactile signing named after him.\nWhen but sixteen years old he contributed a number of poems to various periodicals. In 1843 he completed his first important literary production, Abdul, the Mohammedan Faust legend, in five cantos (2nd ed. Berlin, 1852).\nHis Wien's Poetische Schwingen und Federn (Vienna, 1847) manifested critical acumen, but also a tinge of political acerbity in its attack on the censor system of the Austrian chancellor Prince Metternich. His friends advised Landesmann to leave Vienna, and he went to Berlin, where he assumed the pseudonym Hieronymus Lorm in order to secure his family from possible trouble with the Viennese police. In Berlin he became a regular contributor to K\u00fchne's Europa. After the revolution of 1848 he returned to Vienna, settling in Baden bei Wien in 1853.In 1856 he married; in 1873 he moved to Dresden; and in 1892 he settled in Br\u00fcnn (Brno). A sister of Landesmann's was the second wife of Berthold Auerbach. Landesmann was distinctively a lyric poet. The peculiar vein of pessimism that runs through both his poetry and his prose writings has won for him the title of the \"lyrical Schopenhauer\".", "Q180219": "Heroes of the West (Italian: Gli eroi del West) is a 1963 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by Steno.", "Q3476304": "Scott Douglas Sanderson (July 22, 1956 \u2013 April 11, 2019) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Montreal Expos, Chicago Cubs, Oakland Athletics, New York Yankees, California Angels, San Francisco Giants, and Chicago White Sox. Following his retirement from playing professional baseball he worked as a sports agent and radio broadcaster.", "Q481482": "Franco Venturi (Rome, 1914 - Turin, December 14, 1994) was an Italian historian, essayist and journalist, a scholar of the Enlightenment in Italy and of the history of Russia, and an anti-fascist active in the Resistance.", "Q49949": "Masayoshi Yoshino (\u5409\u91ce \u6b63\u82b3, Yoshino Masayoshi, born August 8, 1948) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Iwaki, Fukushima and graduate of Waseda University, he was elected to the first of his three terms in the assembly of Fukushima Prefecture in 1987 and then to the House of Representatives for the first time in 2000. In 2012, he won a seat in the House of Representatives for the Chugoku region, and in 2014 returned to Fukushima which he has represented since 2014.On 26 April, 2017, he became the minister responsible for disaster reconstruction in the Tohoku Region, after the previous minister, Masahiro Imamura, resigned after making insensitive remarks about the 2011 earthquake and tsunami which had hit the Tohoku region.\n\n", "Q270146": "Anna Mouglalis (born 26 April 1978) is a French actress.", "Q1898039": "Rosalie Ida Straus (n\u00e9e Blun; February 6, 1849 \u2013 April 15, 1912) was an American homemaker and wife of the co-owner of the Macy's department store. She and her husband Isidor died on board the RMS Titanic.", "Q70110": "Lucens is a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. In 2017 the former municipalities of Brenles, Chesalles-sur-Moudon, Cremin, Forel-sur-Lucens and Sarzens merged into the municipality of Lucens.", "Q528604": "Eug\u00e8ne Belgrand (23 April 1810 \u2013 8 April 1878) was a French engineer who made significant contributions to the modernization of the Parisian sewer system during the 19th century rebuilding of Paris. Much of Belgrand's work remains in use today.", "Q56869": "Asker (Norwegian: Asker or Askerbygda) is a district and former municipality in Akershus, Norway. From 2020 it is part of the larger administrative municipality Asker, Viken (also known as Greater Asker) in Viken county together with the traditional Buskerud districts R\u00f8yken and Hurum; Asker proper constitutes the northern fourth of the municipality. Asker is part of the Greater Oslo Region. The administrative centre of the municipality was the town of Asker, which remains the administrative centre of the new larger municipality. The municipality was established as a parish in the middle ages and as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).\n\n", "Q1844152": "Dominick Martin, better known by his stage name Calibre, is a Northern Irish drum and bass music producer and DJ from Belfast. He started producing at a young age. He is a classically trained musician, playing a variety of musical instruments. Martin started producing Drum and Bass in 1995 and his first signed release was credited under the now defunct Quadrophonic record label.He soon came to the attention of drum and bass DJ Fabio, who signed Calibre to his record label, Creative Source.\nWhile studying Fine Arts at the University of Ulster in Belfast, he became interested in the music of John Cage whose work was influential in titling Martin\u2019s first album release Musique Concr\u00e8te in 2001. Since his initial releases in 2001, Martin has been known for his consistent signature style and sound.\nShort Circuits Magazine refers to him as \"one of the quietest people in drum and bass\". Although one of the scene's most prolific producers, he shares tracks with only a small circle of friends and many of his works remain unreleased. Beginning in 2007, the 'Shelflife' series of albums were created as a way of sharing previously unreleased productions with his fans.\nOver 20 years of music production, he has self-published over 60 singles and 10 albums. Also, according to UKF as of 2014, none of his original productions have ever been officially remixed.", "Q2527276": "Vinzenz Kiefer (born January 29, 1979) is a German actor. He is known for playing the role of police detective Alexander Brandt in the crime series Alarm f\u00fcr Cobra 11, as well as that of Christian Dassault in Jason Bourne. His older sister Dorkas Kiefer is an actress. \nVinzenz Kiefer also played a main role, as a German tank commander, named Klaus J\u00e4ger, in a Russian WW2 film, called T-34 (2018).\nIn the RTL action series Alarm for Cobra 11 Vinzenz Kiefer was seen in the episode Revolution (episode 261, German first broadcast of March 27, 2014) for the first time the role of Chief Commissioner Alex Brandt, replacing his predecessor Tom Beck (in his role as chief commissioner Ben J\u00e4ger). With the episode Windspiel (episode 291, German first broadcast of November 5, 2015), the role of Alex Brandt dropped out of the series surprisingly. The transmitter justified this with a change of direction of the format, the narrative arc of the serious role of Alex Brandt was exhausted and there would be on the part of the audience the desire for more humor. Kiefer was in front of the camera for the series from July 2013 to July 2015. Since September 2016 he is married to actress named Masha Tokareva.", "Q298388": "Sir No\u00ebl Peirce Coward (16 December 1899 \u2013 26 March 1973) was an English playwright, composer, director, actor and singer, known for his wit, flamboyance, and what Time magazine called \"a sense of personal style, a combination of cheek and chic, pose and poise\".Coward attended a dance academy in London as a child, making his professional stage d\u00e9but at the age of eleven. As a teenager he was introduced into the high society in which most of his plays would be set. Coward achieved enduring success as a playwright, publishing more than 50 plays from his teens onwards. Many of his works, such as Hay Fever, Private Lives, Design for Living, Present Laughter and Blithe Spirit, have remained in the regular theatre repertoire. He composed hundreds of songs, in addition to well over a dozen musical theatre works (including the operetta Bitter Sweet and comic revues), screenplays, poetry, several volumes of short stories, the novel Pomp and Circumstance, and a three-volume autobiography. Coward's stage and film acting and directing career spanned six decades, during which he starred in many of his own works, as well as those of others.\nAt the outbreak of the Second World War Coward volunteered for war work, running the British propaganda office in Paris. He also worked with the Secret Service, seeking to use his influence to persuade the American public and government to help Britain. Coward won an Academy Honorary Award in 1943 for his naval film drama In Which We Serve and was knighted in 1969. In the 1950s he achieved fresh success as a cabaret performer, performing his own songs, such as \"Mad Dogs and Englishmen\", \"London Pride\" and \"I Went to a Marvellous Party\".\nCoward's plays and songs achieved new popularity in the 1960s and 1970s, and his work and style continue to influence popular culture. He did not publicly acknowledge his homosexuality, but it was discussed candidly after his death by biographers including Graham Payn, his long-time partner, and in Coward's diaries and letters, published posthumously. The former Albery Theatre (originally the New Theatre) in London was renamed the No\u00ebl Coward Theatre in his honour in 2006.", "Q64165": "Aarburg is a historic town and a municipality in the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.\nThe small town lies in the southwest Aargau, in a narrow section of the Aare valley, at the confluence with the Wigger. It lies in the intersection of the most important traffic routes of Switzerland. The dominant landmark is the Aarburg Castle, one of Switzerland's largest castles and a heritage site of national significance. The visual character of Aarburg is shaped by the fortification and the church on a rock spur.\nThe official language of Aarburg is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q437056": "Uriel Jones (June 13, 1934 \u2013 March 24, 2009) was an American musician. Jones was a recording session drummer for Motown's in-house studio band, the Funk Brothers, during the 1960s and early 1970s.", "Q572278": "Adam Clark (Hungarian: Clark \u00c1d\u00e1m; 14 August 1811 \u2013 23 June 1866) was a Scottish civil engineer who is best known for his career in Hungary. His most famous work is the Sz\u00e9chenyi Chain Bridge over the Danube River in Budapest, which was one of the longest bridges in the world when it opened. Clark oversaw its construction from 1839 to 1849, and ensured its safety during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. He remained in Hungary after the bridge's completion, and married a Hungarian.", "Q326472": "The Joneses is a 2009 American film written and directed by Derrick Borte. It stars Demi Moore, David Duchovny, Amber Heard, and Ben Hollingsworth. It premiered at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival on September 13, 2009. Roadside Attractions later purchased the United States theatrical distribution rights. It had a limited release on April 16, 2010 and was released on DVD & Blu-ray On August 10, 2010.\nIt received a theatrical release in Mexico on August 20, 2010.", "Q3017519": "David M. Blei is a professor in the Statistics and Computer Science departments at Columbia University. Prior to fall 2014 he was an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science at Princeton University. His work is primarily in machine learning.", "Q812105": "Bayard Taylor (January 11, 1825 \u2013 December 19, 1878) was an American poet, literary critic, translator, travel author, and diplomat.", "Q15944": "Walter Breisky (8 July 1871 in Bern \u2013 25 September 1944 in Klosterneuburg) was an Austrian jurist, civil servant, and politician.\nNominated by the Christian Social Party, Breisky served as minister of education and the interior from July to November 1920, as the vice chancellor and state secretary of education from November 1920 to May 1922.\nTogether with his Social Democratic deputy, Otto Gl\u00f6ckel, Breisky initiated sweeping reforms of Austria's education system.\nIn January 1922, Breisky became the caretaker chancellor of Austria for a single day.", "Q854150": "J\u00e1nos Irinyi (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8ja\u02d0no\u0283 \u02c8iri\u0272i]; sometimes also spelled J\u00e1nos Ir\u00ednyi; Romanian: Ioan Irinyi; 18 May 1817, in Albis [Romanian: Buduslau] \u2013 17 December 1895, in V\u00e9rtes (today L\u00e9tav\u00e9rtes - Hungary) was a Hungarian chemist and inventor of the noiseless and non-explosive match. He achieved this by mixing the phosphorus with lead dioxide instead of the potassium chlorate used previously.Irinyi also took part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.", "Q919722": "Parvez Sharma is a New York-based Indian filmmaker, author, and journalist. He is a recipient of the 2018 Guggenheim Fellowship in the film/video category. He was amongst the 173 fellows selected from 3000 applicants in the 94th year of the fellowship, which originally started in 1925. In an official press release by the foundation, president Edward Hirsch said, \"The winners of the 94th annual competition as \"the best of the best...This diverse group of scholars, artists, and scientists are appointed on the basis of prior achievement and exceptional promise.\" Sharma is best known for his two films A Jihad for Love, A Sinner in Mecca, and his book published in 2017 called, \"A Sinner in Mecca: A Gay Muslim's Hajj of Defiance\". His film, A Jihad for Love was the world's first film documenting the lives of gay and lesbian Muslims. He received the 2009 GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Documentary amongst several other international awards for A Jihad for Love. In 2016, Sharma was named \"a human rights defender\" by Amnesty International. This was an award given at the Hague in the Netherlands to \"worldwide human rights activists\" which he shared with the Saudi human rights activist Ensaf Haidar.In 2009, Sharma was named as one of \"50 Visionaries changing your world\" in a list headed by the Dalai Lama. On 29 May 2013 at a DNC event at 583, Park Avenue in New York Sharma was honored as a \"LGBT hero\" by first-lady Michelle Obama at a DNC fundraiser in New York. The event was hosted by Bravo's Andy Cohen and NBA star Jason Collins.His second film, A Sinner in Mecca, premiered at the 2015 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival and is a New York Times Critics' Pick amongst other press attention. A Jihad for Love was theatrically released in 33 cities. A Sinner in Mecca was only theatrically released in four. Over the years, worldwide press have profiled Parvez Sharma and reviewed his work.[1] For example, The New York Times collectively in two excerpts and two reviews, says \"There is no doubting the courage and conviction of the New York documentarian Parvez Sharma\u2026We emerge from (Sharma's) films more enlightened, but arranging to meet (this filmmaker) is a little like setting up an appointment with an extremely polite spy. Nothing in his difficult processes -- including the threats to himself -- have destroyed Mr. Sharma's faith in the ability of Islam to tolerate diversity.\" The newspaper also showcased his short films online. In 2004 the New York Times had said, \"threats to the director have become routine.\" This was almost four years before A Jihad for Love was released.In a profile, The New Yorker said that it was in Mecca, Saudi Arabia that Parvez \"finally found absolution.\" He has been called a \"gifted filmmaker,\" (The Wall Street Journal), \"frankly brave,\" (NPR)\"provocative\" (San Francisco Chronicle) and as carrying out \"an attack on Islam\" by Ayatollah Khamenei's regime in Iran", "Q223278": "A New Leaf is a 1971 black comedy film based on the short story The Green Heart by Jack Ritchie, starring Elaine May, Walter Matthau, Jack Weston, George Rose, James Coco, and Doris Roberts. Better known for her collaboration as a stage comedian with The Graduate director Mike Nichols, May also wrote and directed (in her debut). For this film May consulted Dr. Dominick Basile, a botany professor at Columbia University. Dr. Basile wrote botanically accurate lines into the script and supplied the botanical equipment seen in the film. May also modeled Henrietta's office after his.\nThe film was a critical success upon its initial release. However, despite several accolades, award nominations, and a Radio City Music Hall run, A New Leaf fared poorly at the box office and remains little known by the general public. It is now considered a cult classic. In 2019, the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Film Registry for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".\n\n", "Q24541": "Elisha Helm Calvert (June 27, 1863 \u2013 October 5, 1941) was an American film actor and director. He appeared in more than 170 films, as well as directing a further 60 titles. \n\n", "Q329999": "Eric Frank Russell (January 6, 1905 \u2013 February 28, 1978) was a British author best known for his science fiction novels and short stories. Much of his work was first published in the United States, in John W. Campbell's Astounding Science Fiction and other pulp magazines. Russell also wrote horror fiction for Weird Tales and non-fiction articles on Fortean topics. Up to 1955 several of his stories were published under pseudonyms, at least Duncan H. Munro and Niall(e) Wilde.", "Q1878873": "Lynn Miles (born September 29, 1958) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. She has won the Juno Award and three Canadian Folk Music Awards.", "Q101061": "Anton von Aretin (August 15, 1918 in Munich \u2013 June 12, 1981 in Aldersbach) was a German politician, representative of the Bavaria Party and the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.From 1949-1953 he was a member of the Bundestag.", "Q8826": "Palma, fully known as Palma de Mallorca ( or , Catalan: [\u02c8palm\u0259], Spanish: [\u02c8palma]), is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma. The Cabrera Archipelago, though widely separated from Palma proper, is administratively considered part of the municipality. As of 2018, Palma Airport serves over 29 million passengers per year.", "Q23548": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the United States Federal Government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.NASA was established in 1958, succeeding the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The new agency was to have a distinctly civilian orientation, encouraging peaceful applications in space science. Since its establishment, most US space exploration efforts have been led by NASA, including the Apollo Moon landing missions, the Skylab space station, and later the Space Shuttle. NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, the Space Launch System and Commercial Crew vehicles. The agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for uncrewed NASA launches.\nNASA science is focused on better understanding Earth through the Earth Observing System; advancing heliophysics through the efforts of the Science Mission Directorate's Heliophysics Research Program; exploring bodies throughout the Solar System with advanced robotic spacecraft missions such as New Horizons; and researching astrophysics topics, such as the Big Bang, through the Great Observatories and associated programs.", "Q966690": "Osmosis Jones is a 2001 American live-action/animated action comedy film with animated scenes directed by Tom Sito and Piet Kroon and live-action scenes directed by the Farrelly brothers. The film centers on Frank DeTorre, a slovenly zookeeper; the live-action scenes are set outside Frank's body, while the animated scenes are set inside his body, which is portrayed as a city inhabited by anthropomorphic blood cells and microorganisms. White blood cell cop Osmosis \"Ozzy\" Jones and cold pill Drix must prevent deadly virus Thrax from killing Frank within forty-eight hours.\nThe film was met with mixed reviews, with critics praising the animated scenes, performances (particularly the voice acting) and its plot but criticizing the live-action portions and their overuse of gross-out humor. The film was also a box office bomb, earning $14 million against a budget of $70 million, though it later sold well in home media. It also served as the pilot to the Kids' WB spin-off television series Ozzy & Drix, where the two main characters suddenly get removed and exiled by a mosquito that transfers them to the body of a teenage boy named Hector and continue their battle against germs and viruses from in it. Unlike the film, however, the series is entirely animated and does not contain any live-action sequences and the two leads are recast with Phil LaMarr replacing Chris Rock as Ozzy and Jeff Bennett replacing David Hyde Pierce as Drix.", "Q168969": "Zden\u011bk Chalabala (18 April 1899 \u2013 4 March 1962) was a Czech conductor. He conducted orchestras in Prague, Ostrava, Moscow.\nChalabala was born in Uhersk\u00e9 Hradi\u0161t\u011b. He studied conducting at the Brno Conservatory with Franti\u0161ek Neumann, and after a few years gaining experience was appointed a conductor of the Brno Opera in 1926 alongside B\u0159etislav Bakala; in 1932 conducted the premiere there of Flammen by Erwin Schulhoff. He also conducted performances of operas by Borodin, Mussorgsky and Rimsky-Korsakov.In 1924 he founded the Slov\u00e1ck\u00e1 filharmonie (Uhersk\u00e9 Hradi\u0161t\u011b). He was chief opera conductor of the Slovak National Theatre, where he produced many Yugoslav and Russian operas. He was also conductor in the National Theatre of Brno. His students included V\u00edt\u011bzslava Kapr\u00e1lov\u00e1.\nChalabala was dismissed from the post at the end of the war and worked in Ostrava, Brno and Bratislava before returning to the Prague National Theatre as principal conductor in 1953, a position he held until his death. He took the company to Moscow in 1956 which led to an engagement at the Bolshoi, where he conducted Leo\u0161 Jan\u00e1\u010dek's Jen\u016ffa and gave the Moscow premiere of The Taming of the Shrew by Vissarion Shebalin. He died in Prague.\nHe is buried at the Vy\u0161ehrad Cemetery in Prague.", "Q12795": "William Auld (6 November 1924 \u2013 11 September 2006) was a British poet, author, translator and magazine editor who wrote chiefly in Esperanto.", "Q1324712": "Harvest Records is a British-American record label belonging to Capitol Music Group, originally created by EMI in 1969.", "Q25139": "American Beauty is a 1999 American drama film written by Alan Ball and directed by Sam Mendes, in his feature directorial debut. Kevin Spacey stars as Lester Burnham, an advertising executive who has a midlife crisis when he becomes infatuated with his teenage daughter's best friend, played by Mena Suvari. Annette Bening stars as Lester's materialistic wife, Carolyn, and Thora Birch plays their insecure daughter, Jane. Wes Bentley, Chris Cooper, and Allison Janney also feature. Academics have described the film as a satire of American middle-class notions of beauty and personal satisfaction; further analysis has focused on the film's explorations of romantic and paternal love, sexuality, materialism, self-liberation, and redemption.\nBall began writing American Beauty as a play in the early 1990s, partly inspired by the media circus that accompanied the Amy Fisher trial in 1992. He shelved the play after realizing the story would not work on stage. After several years as a television screenwriter, Ball revived the idea in 1997 when attempting to break into the film industry. The rewritten script had a cynical outlook influenced by Ball's frustrating tenures writing for several sitcoms. Producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen took the script for American Beauty to the fledgling DreamWorks studio, which bought it for $250,000, outbidding several other production bodies. DreamWorks financed the $15 million production and served as its North American distributor. American Beauty marked acclaimed theater director Mendes' film debut; courted after his successful productions of the musicals Oliver! and Cabaret, Mendes was nevertheless only given the job after twenty others were considered and several A-list directors reportedly turned down the opportunity.\nSpacey was Mendes' first choice for the role of Lester, though DreamWorks urged him to consider better-known actors. Similarly, the studio suggested several actresses for the role of Carolyn until Mendes offered the part to Bening without the studio's knowledge. Principal photography took place between December 1998 and February 1999 on sound stages at the Warner Bros. backlot in Burbank, California and on location in Los Angeles. Mendes' dominant directorial style was deliberate and composed; he made extensive use of static shots and slow pans and zooms to generate tension. Cinematographer Conrad Hall complemented Mendes' style with peaceful shot compositions to contrast with the turbulent on-screen events. During editing, Mendes made several changes that softened the cynical tone of Ball's script.\nReleased in North America on September 17, 1999, American Beauty was positively received by critics and audiences; it was the best-reviewed American film of the year and grossed over $350 million worldwide. Reviewers praised most aspects of the production, with particular emphasis on Mendes, Spacey and Ball; criticism tended to focus on the familiarity of the characters and setting. DreamWorks launched a major campaign to increase American Beauty's chances of Oscar success; at the 2000 ceremony the film won Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor (for Spacey), Best Original Screenplay, and Best Cinematography. The film was nominated for and won many other awards and honors, mainly for directing, writing and acting.", "Q117165": "Natalie Simone Rickli (born 19 November 1976 in Winterthur, Switzerland) is a Swiss politician of the Swiss People's Party.", "Q151130": "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u044f \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, tr. Anastas\u00edya Nikol\u00e1yevna Rom\u00e1nova; June 18 [O.S. June 5] 1901 \u2013 July 17, 1918) was the youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II, the last sovereign of Imperial Russia, and his wife, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna.\nAnastasia was the younger sister of Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, and Maria, and was the elder sister of Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia. She was murdered with her family by a group of Bolsheviks in Yekaterinburg on July 17, 1918.\nPersistent rumors of her possible escape circulated after her death, fueled by the fact that the location of her burial was unknown during the decades of Communist rule. The abandoned mine serving as a mass grave near Yekaterinburg which held the acidified remains of the Tsar, his wife, and three of their daughters was revealed in 1991. These remains were put to rest at Peter and Paul Fortress in 1998. The bodies of Alexei Nikolaevich and the remaining daughter\u2014either Anastasia or her older sister Maria\u2014were discovered in 2007. Her possible survival has been conclusively disproved. Scientific analysis including DNA testing confirmed that the remains are those of the imperial family, showing that all four grand duchesses were killed in 1918.Several women falsely claimed to have been Anastasia; the best known impostor is Anna Anderson. Anderson's body was cremated upon her death in 1984, but DNA testing in 1994 on available pieces of Anderson's tissue and hair showed no relation to the Romanov family.", "Q2437071": "Jorge Antonio Kahwagi Macari (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8xo\u027exe ka\u02c8wat\u0283i]; born May 28, 1968) is a Mexican businessman, politician, and show business personality.\n\n", "Q60465": "Wieland Wagner (5 January 1917 \u2013 17 October 1966) was a German opera director, grandson of Richard Wagner. As co-director of the Bayreuth Festival when it re-opened after World War II, he was noted for innovative new stagings of the operas, departing from the naturalistic scenery and lighting of the originals. His wartime involvement in the development of the V-2 rocket was kept secret for many years.", "Q963930": "Johan Theorin is a journalist and author, born in 1963 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Throughout his life, Johan Theorin has been a regular visitor to the island of \u00d6land in the Baltic sea. His mother\u2019s family\u2013sailors, fishermen and stone cutters\u2013have lived there for centuries, nurturing the island\u2019s legacy of supernatural tales and folklore.\nEchoes from the Dead (originally published in Sweden as Skumtimmen by Wahlstr\u00f6m & Widstrand) is Theorin\u2019s first novel. In 2007 it was voted Best First Mystery Novel by the authors and critics of the Swedish Crime Writers' Academy, it has been translated into twenty five languages and was made into a Swedish feature film in 2013. His second novel, The Darkest Room, (in Swedish Nattf\u00e5k) was voted the Best Swedish Crime Novel of 2008, won the Glass Key award in 2009 and was also awarded the 2010 CWA International Dagger. The Quarry, was published by Transworld Publishers in 2011. Concluding with The Voices Beyond in 2015, the books form a loose quartet of novels set on the island of \u00d6land. A stand-alone suspense novel, The Asylum, was published in 2013.\nHe now resides on \u00d6land and in Stockholm.", "Q585828": "Seton Hall University is a private Roman Catholic university in South Orange, New Jersey. Founded in 1856 by then-Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley and named after his aunt, Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, Seton Hall is the oldest diocesan university in the United States.Seton Hall consists of 11 schools and colleges, with an undergraduate enrollment of about 5,800 students and a graduate enrollment of about 4,400.\nThe university has been particularly known nationally for its successful men's basketball team, which has appeared in 13 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournaments and achieved national renown after making it to the final of the 1989 tournament and losing 80-79 in overtime to the Michigan Wolverines. The basketball success and increased national television exposure has led to a sharp jump in applications from potential students and attendance at games.", "Q187210": "Sara Magdalena Ernman (born 4 November 1970) is a Swedish opera singer. Besides operas and operettas, she has also performed chansons, cabaret, jazz, and appeared in musicals. She is a member of The Royal Swedish Academy of Music. Ernman represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow.\nShe is the mother of climate change activist Greta Thunberg.", "Q2308964": "Saint Nectan, sometimes styled Saint Nectan of Hartland, was a 5th-century holy man who lived in Stoke, Hartland, in the English county of Devon, where the prominent Church of Saint Nectan, Hartland is dedicated to him.", "Q70662": "Richard Eichberg (27 October 1888 \u2013 8 May 1953) was a German film director and producer. He directed 87 films between 1915 and 1949. He also produced 77 films between 1915 and 1950. He was born in Berlin, Germany and died in Munich, Germany.", "Q1683982": "Jason Kemper Sears (23 January 1968 \u2013 31 January 2006) was an American punk rock vocalist from Santa Barbara, California, best known for his work with Rich Kids on LSD (RKL), from 1982 to their first breakup in 1990 and again from 1993 to 2006. He was also a nationally ranked snowboarder at one time and sponsored by Barfoot snowboarding team.Sears was one of many singers to contribute to the album Strait Up, made in memory of Lynn Strait, the late lead singer of the band Snot. Sears provided vocals for the track \"Until Next Time\".In 2006, Sears died in a detoxification clinic in Tijuana, Mexico, of pulmonary thrombosis unrelated to the treatment. According to Mexican authorities he had been suffering from serious skin abscesses and an infection. He was being treated for addiction with ibogaine, a psychoactive compound with anti-addictive properties that is illegal in the U.S.Sears is remembered by NOFX in the song Doornails from the 2006 album Wolves in Wolves' Clothing, a tribute to punk rock musicians from Southern California who have died. The Sears reference is in the line, \"This Patr\u00f3n's for Jason.\"", "Q239552": "Caterina Murino (born 15 September 1977) is an Italian actress. She began her acting career in the 1999 production of the play Richard III and later made her breakthrough with the 2004 film The Corsican File. She went on to appear in the 2006 film Casino Royale and received a European Golden Globe at the 2008 Italian Golden Globe Awards.", "Q594931": "John Joseph Tempesta (born September 26, 1964 in New York City) is an American drummer known for his work in hard rock and heavy metal. He has been a member of the Cult since 2006. Previously, Tempesta played with several bands including Exodus, Testament and White Zombie. He worked with former White Zombie singer Rob Zombie as a solo artist and served as drum technician for Charlie Benante, drummer for the heavy metal band Anthrax earlier in his career. He is referenced in Anthrax's rendition of \"Friggin' in the Riggin'\" (from their 1989 EP Penikufesin), with lyrics about the band's crew members.In 1997 he had a very brief tenure as the drummer for the band Prong before they disbanded later the same year.\nIn 2000, he played drums on the song \"Meat\", from Tony Iommi's self-titled solo album.He played with the band Helmet in 2004\u20132005.In October 2004, he recorded with the band Scum of the Earth, composed of John and his brother Mike Tempesta who was formerly the guitarist of Powerman 5000, Riggs (former Rob Zombie guitarist), John Dolmayan (System of a Down), Seven, and Clay Campbell released Blah...Blah...Blah...Love Songs for the New Millennium, a pop-heavy release sounding very reminiscent of the White Zombie / Rob Zombie sound, produced by Ben Burkhardt at Belt of Orion Recording in Hollywood.\nOn February 14, 2006 he was hired by the Cult.\nIn April 2011 he recorded drum samples and MIDI grooves for a Toontrack expansion to drum emulation software EZdrummer, called Metal Machine EZX.July 15, 2013, Tempesta finished his drum recordings for the project Temple of the Black Moon, a project with well-known artists from a variety of metal genres. Other members are: Dani Filth, Rob Caggiano and King Ov Hell. In the same year, he also drummed on Emphatic's album Another Life.", "Q105575": "Theodor Brugsch (11 October 1878 \u2013 11 July 1963) was a German internist and politician.\n\n", "Q1606744": "Henry Four\u00e8s (born 17 May 1948) is a French historian of music and musician.", "Q143520": "Stanis\u0142aw Gaw\u0142owski (born November 27, 1968 in Rozyna, near Brzeg) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 7879 votes in 40 Koszalin district, candidating from the Civic Platform list. He won election to the Senate in 2019 as an independent candidate. He has been accused of corruption.", "Q283964": "Rachel de Queiroz (Brazilian Portuguese: [\u0281a\u02c8k\u025bw d(\u0292)i \u02c8kej\u02c8\u027e\u0254s], November 17, 1910 \u2013 November 4, 2003) was a Brazilian author, translator and journalist.", "Q3106414": "Gilles Moretton (born 10 February 1958), is a former professional tennis player from France. He enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles. During his career he won 4 doubles titles. He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 55 in 1984.\nSince 2001, he has been president of ASVEL Lyon-Villeurbanne, one of France's top basketball clubs.\n\n", "Q372751": "Adrian Carmack (born May 5, 1969) is one of four co-founders of id Software, along with Tom Hall, John Romero, and John Carmack (no relation). The founders met while working at Softdisk's Gamer's Edge division and started id in 1991. Adrian Carmack's primary role at the company was as an artist, including work on Commander Keen, Wolfenstein 3D, DOOM, Hexen: Beyond Heretic, Quake, Quake II and Quake III Arena.He was a 41%-owner of id until he left the company in 2005. At the time the press was told he felt he had done all he could do in the gaming field and was planning to pursue his passions of art. However, in September 2005, The Wall Street Journal revealed he was taking his former business partners to court, claiming he was effectively fired by them in an attempt to force him to sell his 41% stake in the company for $11 million under the terms of a contract he wants the court to nullify. $11 million is thought to be a fraction of the true value of his stake, which is thought to be closer to $43 million after the company received a $105 million bid from Activision in 2004.Carmack has also been credited for coining the term \"gibs\".In September 2014, Carmack was revealed as the new owner of the five-star Heritage Golf & Spa Resort in Killenard, Ireland.In April 2016, it was reported that Carmack had reunited with Romero under a new Galway, Ireland-based start-up, The Night Work Games, to produce a new video game, Blackroom, for which they had launched a crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter. The game has been described as \"a return to fast, violent and masterful play on the PC\". Later the campaign was put on hold to allow Carmack and Romero time to complete a working demo of the game. According to the two developers, their decision was based on players' feedback regarding the playability of the demo. The company behind Blackroom, Night Work Games, was seeking $700,000 to fund the development of the game. Before being put on hold, the campaign had raised $131,052 from its supporters.", "Q66000": "Oberried am Brienzersee is a municipality and village in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Besides Oberried itself, the municipality includes the settlements of D\u00f6rfli and Ebligen.", "Q188137": "Jeffrey Jacob Abrams (born June 27, 1966) is an American filmmaker. He is known for his work in the genres of action, drama, and science fiction. Abrams wrote or produced such films as Regarding Henry (1991), Forever Young (1992), Armageddon (1998), Cloverfield (2008), Star Trek (2009), and Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015).\nAbrams has created numerous television series, including Felicity (co-creator, 1998\u20132002), Alias (creator, 2001\u20132006), Lost (co-creator, 2004\u20132010), and Fringe (co-creator, 2008\u20132013). He won two Emmy Awards for Lost \u2014 Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series and Outstanding Drama Series.\nHis directorial film work includes Mission: Impossible III (2006), Star Trek (2009), Super 8 (2011), and Star Trek Into Darkness (2013). He also directed, produced and co-wrote The Force Awakens, the seventh episode of the Star Wars saga and the first film of the sequel trilogy. The film is his highest-grossing, as well as the fourth-highest-grossing film of all time not adjusted for inflation. He returned to Star Wars by directing and co-writing The Rise of Skywalker (2019).Abrams's frequent collaborators include producer Bryan Burk, producer/director Tommy Gormley, actors Greg Grunberg, Simon Pegg and Keri Russell, composer Michael Giacchino, writers Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci, cinematographers Daniel Mindel and Larry Fong, and editors Maryann Brandon and Mary Jo Markey.\n\n", "Q97947": "Ernst Meyer (10 July 1887, Prostken \u2013 2 February 1930, Potsdam) was a German Communist political activist and politician. He is best remembered as a founding member and top leader of the Communist Party of Germany and as the leader of that party's fraction in the Prussian Landtag. A political opponent of Ernst Th\u00e4lmann, Meyer was moved out of the top party leadership after 1928, not long before his death of tuberculosis-related pneumonia at the age of 43.", "Q34020": "Niue ( or ; Niuean: Niu\u0113) is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean, 2,400 kilometres (1,500 mi) northeast of New Zealand, east of Tonga, south of Samoa, and west of the Cook Islands. Niue's land area is about 261 square kilometres (101 sq mi) and its population, predominantly Polynesian, was about 1,600 in 2016. The island is commonly referred to as \"The Rock\", which comes from the traditional name \"Rock of Polynesia\". Niue is one of the world's largest coral islands. The terrain of the island has two noticeable levels. The higher level is made up of a limestone cliff running along the coast, with a plateau in the centre of the island reaching approximately 60 metres (200 feet) high above sea level. The lower level is a coastal terrace approximately 0.5 km (0.3 miles) wide and about 25\u201327 metres (80\u201390 feet) high, which slopes down and meets the sea in small cliffs. A coral reef surrounds the island, with the only major break in the reef being in the central western coast, close to the capital, Alofi. A notable feature are the many limestone caves near the coast.\nNiue is a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand, and New Zealand conducts most diplomatic relations on its behalf. Niueans are citizens of New Zealand, and Queen Elizabeth II is head of state in her capacity as Queen of New Zealand. Between 90% and 95% of Niuean people live in New Zealand, along with about 70% of the speakers of the Niuean language. Niue is a bilingual country, with 30% of the population speaking both Niuean and English. The percentage of monolingual English-speaking people is only 11%, while 46% are monolingual Niuean speakers.\nNiue is not a member of the United Nations (UN), but UN organisations have accepted its status as a freely-associated state as equivalent to independence for the purposes of international law. As such, Niue is a member of some UN specialised agencies (such as UNESCO, and the WHO), and is invited, alongside the other non-UN member state, the Cook Islands, to attend United Nations conferences open to \"all states\". Niue has been a member of the Pacific Community since 1980.\nNiue is subdivided into 14 villages (municipalities). Each village has a village council that elects its chairperson. The villages are at the same time electoral districts; each village sends an assemblyperson to the Parliament of Niue. A small and democratic nation, Niueans hold legislative elections every 3 years.\nThe Niue Integrated Strategic Plan (NISP), adopted in 2003, is the national development plan, setting national priorities for development in areas such as financial sustainability. Since the late 20th century Niue has become a leader in green growth; the European Union is helping the nation convert to renewable energy. In January 2004, Niue was hit by Cyclone Heta, which caused extensive damage to the island, including wiping out most of South Alofi. The disaster set the island back about two years from its planned timeline to implement the NISP since national efforts concentrated on recovery.\n\n", "Q12959": "\u00c9douard Balladur (French: [edwa\u0281 balady\u0281]; born 2 May 1929) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France under Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand from 29 March 1993 to 10 May 1995. He unsuccessfully ran for president in the 1995 French presidential election, coming in third place. At age 90, Balladur is currently the oldest living former French Prime Minister.", "Q384979": "Mina Assadi (Persian: \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062f\u06cc\u200e; born March 12, 1943) is a poet, author, journalist and songwriter who lives in exile in Stockholm, Sweden.", "Q431355": "Modest Mouse is an American rock band formed in 1992 in Issaquah, Washington and currently based in Portland, Oregon. The founding members are lead singer/guitarist Isaac Brock, drummer Jeremiah Green, and bassist Eric Judy. Strongly influenced by Pavement, Pixies, XTC, and Talking Heads, the band rehearsed, rearranged, and recorded demos for almost two years before finally signing with small-town indie label K Records and releasing numerous singles.Since their 1996 debut This Is a Long Drive for Someone with Nothing to Think About, the band's lineup has centered on Brock and Green. The band achieved mainstream success with their fourth album Good News for People Who Love Bad News (2004) and its singles \"Float On\" and \"Ocean Breathes Salty\". Judy performed on every Modest Mouse album until his departure in 2012. Guitarist Johnny Marr (formerly of the Smiths) joined the band in 2006, shortly following percussionist Joe Plummer (formerly of the Black Heart Procession) and multi-instrumentalist Tom Peloso, to work on the album We Were Dead Before the Ship Even Sank (2007). Guitarist Jim Fairchild joined the band in 2009. The band's sixth album Strangers to Ourselves was released on March 17, 2015.", "Q9292": "Azerbaijani () or Azeri (), also known as Azerbaijani Turkic or Azerbaijani Turkish, is a Turkic language spoken primarily by the Azerbaijani people, who live mainly in the Republic of Azerbaijan where the North Azerbaijani variety is spoken, and in Iranian Azerbaijan where the South Azerbaijani variety is spoken. Although there is a very high degree of mutual intelligibility between both forms of Azerbaijani, there are some significant differences in phonology, lexicon, morphology, syntax, and sources of loanwords.North Azerbaijani has official status in the Republic of Azerbaijan and Dagestan (a federal subject of Russia) but South Azerbaijani does not have official status in Iran, where the majority of Azerbaijanis live. It is also spoken to lesser varying degrees in Azerbaijani communities of Georgia and Turkey and by diaspora communities, primarily in Europe and North America.\nBoth Azerbaijani varieties are members of the Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages. The standardized form of North Azerbaijani (spoken in the Republic of Azerbaijan and Russia) is based on the Shirvani dialect, while Iranian Azerbaijani uses the Tabrizi dialect as its prestige variety. Azerbaijani is closely related to Gagauz, Qashqai, Crimean Tatar, Turkish and Turkmen, sharing varying degrees of mutual intelligibility with each of those languages. According to linguistic comparative studies, the closest relative of Azerbaijani is the Turkmen language.", "Q235368": "Eleanor Emily Hodgman Porter (December 19, 1868 \u2013 May 21, 1920) was an American novelist, most known for Pollyanna (1913) and Just David (1916).", "Q6985971": "Ned Dennehy (born 8 December 1965) is an Irish actor who has appeared in multiple films and television programmes. He is known for his role as Tommy in Tyrannosaur. He also appeared in Blitz, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 1 and the independent British feature film Downhill.\nDennehy's television work includes RT\u00c9's Damo and Ivor, Glitch and the BBC dramas Parade's End, Luther, Banished and Dickensian. He also appeared as Charlie Strong in Peaky Blinders. In 2017, he appeared in both the major TV productions Versailles and Broken and also won an IFTA Award for his supporting role as Irish Pat in TG4's An Klondike. Dennehy also portrayed Hastur in Good Omens.", "Q3142256": "Hugh Graham, 1st Baron Atholstan (July 18, 1848 \u2013 January 28, 1938) was a Canadian newspaper publisher.", "Q4120312": "Fawwaz bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (or Fawaz; 1934 \u2013 19 July 2008) (Arabic: \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f) was a senior member of the House of Saud. In 2006, Fawwaz became one of the members of the Allegiance Commission. However, he died on 19 July 2008, some six months after the establishment of the council.\n\n", "Q606555": "Clovis Cornillac (born 16 August 1968) is a French actor, film director and screenwriter.", "Q64617": "Mesocco is a municipality in the Moesa Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q3186572": "Jos\u00e9 Sulaim\u00e1n Chagn\u00f3n (May 30, 1931 \u2013 January 16, 2014) was a Mexican boxing official. He was the president of the World Boxing Council.", "Q886764": "The Night Before Christmas is a 1941 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the third Tom and Jerry short directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, produced by Fred Quimby and animated by Jack Zander, George Gordon, Irven Spence and Bill Littlejohn. It was nominated for the 1941 Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons, but lost to the Mickey Mouse short film Lend a Paw.", "Q131808": "Mannerism, also known as Late Renaissance, is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Italy, when the Baroque style largely replaced it. Northern Mannerism continued into the early 17th century.Stylistically, Mannerism encompasses a variety of approaches influenced by, and reacting to, the harmonious ideals associated with artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and early Michelangelo. Where High Renaissance art emphasizes proportion, balance, and ideal beauty, Mannerism exaggerates such qualities, often resulting in compositions that are asymmetrical or unnaturally elegant. The style is notable for its intellectual sophistication as well as its artificial (as opposed to naturalistic) qualities. This artistic style privileges compositional tension and instability rather than the balance and clarity of earlier Renaissance painting. Mannerism in literature and music is notable for its highly florid style and intellectual sophistication.The definition of Mannerism and the phases within it continues to be a subject of debate among art historians. For example, some scholars have applied the label to certain early modern forms of literature (especially poetry) and music of the 16th and 17th centuries. The term is also used to refer to some late Gothic painters working in northern Europe from about 1500 to 1530, especially the Antwerp Mannerists\u2014a group unrelated to the Italian movement. Mannerism has also been applied by analogy to the Silver Age of Latin literature.", "Q138192": "Giles Heneage Radice, Baron Radice, PC (born 4 October 1936) is a Labour member of the House of Lords. He was previously a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1973 to 2001.", "Q64171": "Uzwil is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q1279401": "Terry Allen (born May 7, 1943 in Wichita, Kansas) is an American Texas country and outlaw country singer-songwriter, painter and conceptual artist from Lubbock, Texas. He currently lives in Santa Fe, New Mexico. He has recorded twelve albums of original songs, including the landmark releases Juarez (1975) and Lubbock (on everything) (1979). His song \"Amarillo Highway\" has been covered by Bobby Bare, Sturgill Simpson and Robert Earl Keen. Other artists who have recorded Allen's songs include Guy Clark, Little Feat, David Byrne, Doug Sahm, Ricky Nelson, and Lucinda Williams. Rolling Stone magazine describes his catalog, reaching back to Juarez as \"..uniformly eccentric and uncompromising, savage and beautiful, literate and guttural.\"Allen also works with a wide variety of media including musical and theatrical performances, sculpture, painting, drawing and video, and installations which incorporate any and all of these media. His work has been shown throughout the United States and internationally.\n\n", "Q274334": "Svetlana Alexandrovna Alexievich (born 31 May 1948 in Ivano-Frankivsk) is a Belarusian investigative journalist, essayist and oral historian who writes in Russian. She was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature \"for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time\". She is the first writer from Belarus to receive the award.", "Q185375": "Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin (, Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0445\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d, pronounced [m\u02b2\u026ax\u0250\u02c8il m\u02b2\u026a\u02c8xajl\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 b\u0250x\u02c8t\u02b2in]; 16 November [O.S. 4 November] 1895 \u2013 7 March 1975) was a Russian philosopher, literary critic and scholar who worked on literary theory, ethics, and the philosophy of language. His writings, on a variety of subjects, inspired scholars working in a number of different traditions (Marxism, semiotics, structuralism, religious criticism) and in disciplines as diverse as literary criticism, history, philosophy, sociology, anthropology and psychology. Although Bakhtin was active in the debates on aesthetics and literature that took place in the Soviet Union in the 1920s, his distinctive position did not become well known until he was rediscovered by Russian scholars in the 1960s.", "Q117617": "Niall Binns (London, 1965) is a British poet who lives in Spain and writes in Spanish.\nHe studied in Oxford, Santiago de Chile and Madrid, and has also lived in Paris and Coimbra. He teaches Latin American literature at Madrid's Complutense University.", "Q32337": "Lita Grey (born Lillita Louise MacMurray, April 15, 1908 \u2013 December 29, 1995), who was known for most of her life as Lita Grey Chaplin, was an American actress and the second wife of Charlie Chaplin.", "Q1189986": "John Michael Montgomery (born January 20, 1965) is an American country music singer. Montgomery began singing with his brother Eddie, who would later become known as one half of the duo Montgomery Gentry, before beginning his major-label solo career in 1992. He has had more than 30 singles on the Billboard country charts, of which seven have reached number one: \"I Love the Way You Love Me\", \"I Swear\", \"Be My Baby Tonight\", \"If You've Got Love\", \"I Can Love You Like That\", \"Sold (The Grundy County Auction Incident)\", and \"The Little Girl\". 13 more have reached the top 10. \"I Swear\" and \"Sold (The Grundy County Auction Incident)\" were named by Billboard as the top country songs of 1994 and 1995, respectively. Montgomery's recordings of \"I Swear\" and \"I Can Love You Like That\" were both released concurrently with cover versions by the R&B group All-4-One. Several of Montgomery's singles crossed over to the Billboard Hot 100, his highest peak there having been achieved by \"Letters from Home\" in 2004.\nMontgomery has released 10 studio albums. His first seven albums were released via Atlantic Records Nashville, and his next two via parent company Warner Bros. Records Nashville after Atlantic closed its country division in 2001. His first three albums, Life's a Dance (1992), Kickin' It Up (1994), and John Michael Montgomery (1995) are all certified multi-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA); 1996's What I Do the Best is certified platinum; while Leave a Mark (1998) and Brand New Me (2000) are certified gold.", "Q360433": "Franklin Ram\u00f3n Chang D\u00edaz (April 5, 1950) is a Costa Rican American mechanical engineer, physicist, former NASA astronaut. He is the founder and current CEO of Ad Astra Rocket Company as well as a member of Cummins' board of directors. He became an American citizen in 1977. He is of Costa Rican Spanish (maternal side) and Chinese (paternal side) descent.\nHe is a veteran of seven Space Shuttle missions, tying the record, as of 2018 for the most spaceflights (a record set by Jerry L. Ross). He was the third Latin American, but the first Latin American immigrant NASA Astronaut selected to go into space. Chang D\u00edaz is a member of the NASA Astronaut Hall of Fame.", "Q101075": "Hans von Bodeck (1582 \u2013 23 June 1658) was a Prussian diplomat and chancellor of the Hohenzollern Prince-electors of Brandenburg-Prussia.", "Q611997": "Ant\u00f4nio Gon\u00e7alves Dias (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0250\u0303\u02c8tonju \u0261\u00f5\u02c8sawvis \u02c8d\u0292i\u0250s]; August 10, 1823 \u2013 November 3, 1864) was a Brazilian Romantic poet, playwright, ethnographer, lawyer and linguist. A major exponent of Brazilian Romanticism and of the literary tradition known as \"Indianism\", he is famous for writing \"Can\u00e7\u00e3o do ex\u00edlio\" (arguably the most well-known poem of Brazilian literature), the short narrative poem I-Juca-Pirama, the unfinished epic Os Timbiras, and many other nationalist and patriotic poems that would award him posthumously with the title of national poet of Brazil. He was also an avid researcher of Native Brazilian languages and folklore.\nHe is the patron of the 15th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.", "Q704356": "Carlo Fontana (1634 or 1638\u20131714) was an Italian architect originating from today's Canton Ticino, who was in part responsible for the classicizing direction taken by Late Baroque Roman architecture.", "Q193517": "Emily Olivia Laura Blunt (born 23 February 1983) is a British-American actress. She is the recipient of several accolades, including a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award, in addition to nominations for two British Academy Film Awards.\nEducated at Hurtwood House in Dorking, Blunt made her acting debut in a 2001 stage production of The Royal Family. She went on to appear in the television film Boudica (2003) and portrayed Queen Catherine Howard in the miniseries Henry VIII (2003). She made her feature film debut in the drama My Summer of Love (2004). Blunt's breakthrough came in 2006 with her starring roles in the television film Gideon's Daughter and the highly successful comedy-drama film The Devil Wears Prada. The former won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and the latter earned her a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.\nBlunt's profile continued to grow with starring roles in the period film The Young Victoria (2009), the romantic comedy Salmon Fishing in the Yemen (2011), the science fiction films The Adjustment Bureau (2011), Looper (2012), and Edge of Tomorrow (2014), and the musical films Into the Woods (2014) and Mary Poppins Returns (2018). She garnered acclaim for her performances as a principled FBI agent in the crime film Sicario (2015), an alcoholic in the thriller The Girl on the Train (2016), for which she received a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, and a survivalist mother in the horror film A Quiet Place (2018). For the lattermost, which was directed by her husband John Krasinski, she won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actress.", "Q1344794": "Noah Lewis (September 3, 1891 \u2013 February 7, 1961) was an American jug band and country blues musician, generally known for playing the harmonica.\n\n", "Q983608": "John Borland Thayer II (April 21, 1862 \u2013 April 15, 1912) was an American businessman who had a thirty-year career as an executive with the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. He was a director and second vice-president of the company when he died less than a week before his 50th birthday in the sinking of the RMS Titanic, on April 15, 1912. In his youth, Thayer was also a prominent sportsman, playing baseball and lacrosse for the University of Pennsylvania and first-class cricket for the Philadelphian cricket team. He is the only first-class cricketer known to have died aboard Titanic.", "Q276523": "Batman & Robin is a 1997 American superhero film based on the DC Comics characters Batman and Robin. It is the fourth and final installment of Warner Bros.' initial Batman film series, a sequel to Batman Forever and the only film in the series made without the involvement of Tim Burton. Directed by Joel Schumacher and written by Akiva Goldsman, it stars George Clooney replacing Val Kilmer as Bruce Wayne / Batman, Arnold Schwarzenegger as Victor Fries / Mr. Freeze, and Chris O'Donnell as Dick Grayson / Robin, alongside Uma Thurman, Alicia Silverstone, Michael Gough, Pat Hingle, and Elle Macpherson. The film follows the titular characters as they attempt to prevent Mr. Freeze and Poison Ivy from freezing all mankind to death and repopulating the earth with mutant plants, while at the same time struggling to keep their partnership together. It is also to date the only live-action film appearance of Batgirl, portrayed by Silverstone, who helps the titular characters fight the villains.\nWarner Bros. fast-tracked development for Batman & Robin following the box office success of Batman Forever. Schumacher and Goldsman conceived the storyline during pre-production on A Time to Kill, while Val Kilmer decided not to reprise the role over scheduling conflicts with The Saint. Schumacher had a strong interest in casting William Baldwin in Kilmer's place before George Clooney won the role. Principal photography began in September 1996 and finished in January 1997, two weeks ahead of the shooting schedule.\nBatman & Robin premiered in Los Angeles on June 12, 1997, and went into general release on June 20. Making $238.2 million worldwide against a production budget between $125\u2013160 million, the film was critically panned and often ranks among the worst films ever, where it was criticized for its toyetic and camp approach and its homosexual innuendo. It is also the lowest-grossing live-action Batman film to date. Due to the film's poor reception, Warner Bros. cancelled a sequel, Batman Unchained, and rebooted the film series with Batman Begins in 2005. One of the songs recorded for the film, \"The End Is the Beginning Is the End\" by The Smashing Pumpkins, won a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 40th Annual Grammy Awards.", "Q187562": "Ruth Lynn Deech, Baroness Deech, DBE (n\u00e9e Fraenkel; born 29 April 1943) is a British academic, lawyer, bioethicist and politician, most noted for chairing the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), from 1994 to 2002, and as the former Principal of St Anne's College, Oxford. Deech sits as a Crossbench peer in the House of Lords (2005\u2013) and chaired the Bar Standards Board (2009\u20132014).", "Q3351286": "Olivier Pironneau (born 1945) is a French mathematician who is a Professor at the Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie and member of the French Academy of Sciences.Pironneau is a worldwide recognized expert in computational fluid dynamics, scientific computing, optimal design, numerical analysis and partial differential equations. He is a highly cited author, having written 8 books and 693 papers. He is a member of French Academy of Sciences since 2002. He was awarded the Marcel Dassault Prize by the French Academy of Sciences in 2000. He is also the recipient of the Blaise Pascal Prize of the French Academy of Sciences in 1983, the Ordre National du M\u00e9rite (1989) and is an Associate member of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 2004. His group has developed the software FreeFem++ which is used by researchers worldwide for finite element computations.", "Q92181": "Eugen Gottlob Winkler (1912, in Z\u00fcrich \u2013 1936, in Munich) was a German writer and essayist. He grew up in Stuttgart and studied Germanistics, Romantic philology and art history at Munich, Paris, T\u00fcbingen and Cologne.\nEugen Gottlob Winkler wrote criticism and essays in order to earn a basic livelihood and devote himself to literary pursuits without a conventional job. Although he was in jail for several days in 1933, being accused of damaging a Nazi Party placard, he continued to write for numerous newspapers including Das Deutsche Wort, the Deutsche Zeitschrift, B\u00fccherwurm and the Deutsche Rundschau. In 1936, he committed suicide in Munich under still unclear circumstances.", "Q20733": "Georges Duhamel (; French: [dy.am\u025bl]; 30 June 1884 \u2013 13 April 1966) was a French author, born in Paris. Duhamel trained as a doctor, and during World War I was attached to the French Army. In 1920, he published Confession de minuit, the first of a series featuring the anti-hero Salavin. In 1935, he was elected as a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature twenty-seven times. He also the father of musicologue Antoine Duhamel.", "Q362224": "Bradley Michael James (born 11 October 1983) is an English actor. He is best known for portraying Arthur Pendragon in the BBC TV series Merlin, Damien in Damien (TV series), Varga in Underworld: Blood Wars, Giuliano de' Medici in Medici: The Magnificent (2018) and Brigadier General Felix Sparks in The Liberator (2020).", "Q3967": "Neuwied (German pronunciation: [n\u0254\u028f\u02c8vi\u02d0t]) is a town in the north of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, capital of the District of Neuwied. Neuwied lies on the east bank of the Rhine, 12 km northwest of Koblenz, on the railway from Frankfurt am Main to Cologne. The town has 13 suburban administrative districts: Heimbach-Weis, Gladbach, Engers, Oberbieber, Niederbieber, Torney, Segendorf, Altwied, Block, Irlich, Feldkirchen, Heddesdorf and Rodenbach. The largest is Heimbach-Weis, with approximately 8000 inhabitants.\nFounded by Count Frederick of Wied in 1653 as residence of the Lower County of Wied, Neuwied was located near the village of Langendorf, destroyed during the Thirty Years' War (1618\u20131648). It grew rapidly due to its religious tolerance. Among those who sought refuge here was a colony of Moravian Brethren.\nNear Neuwied, one of the largest Roman castra on the Rhine has been excavated by archeologists.\nIn April 1797 the French, under General Louis Lazare Hoche, defeated the Austrians near Neuwied, this being their first decisive success in the French Revolutionary Wars.Neuwied is the native town of paternal ancestors of John D. Rockefeller, traced to the 16th century and possible French Huguenot refugees. His father's line emigrated to the North American colonies, arriving in New York in 1710, the year of a massive immigration of nearly 2800 Palatine Germans refugees, whose transportation costs from London were covered by Queen Anne's British government. Neuwied was also the birthplace of William of Wied, who briefly held the title of King of Albania in 1914.", "Q61009": "Wolfgang Clement (born 7 July 1940 in Bochum) is a German politician. Clement was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He was the 7th Minister President of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia from 27 May 1998 to 22 October 2002 and Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Labour from 2002 to 2005.\nWolfgang Clement is an Honorary Member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation.", "Q700130": "The Imperial Japanese Army Academy (\u9678\u8ecd\u58eb\u5b98\u5b66\u6821, Rikugun Shikan Gakk\u014d) was the principal officer's training school for the Imperial Japanese Army. The programme consisted of a junior course for graduates of local army cadet schools and for those who had completed four years of middle school, and a senior course for officer candidates.", "Q76575": "Hans Gottlieb Leopold Delbr\u00fcck (11 November 1848 \u2013 14 July 1929) was a German historian. Delbr\u00fcck was one of the first modern military historians, basing his method of research on the critical examination of ancient sources, using auxiliary disciplines, like demography and economics, to complete the analysis and the comparison between epochs, to trace the evolution of military institutions.\nDelbr\u00fcck's writings are chiefly concerned with the history of the art of war, his most ambitious work being Geschichte der Kriegskunst im Rahmen der politischen Geschichte (\"History of Warfare in the Framework of Political History\" in four volumes, third edition published in 1920). Other works are Die Perserkriege und die Burgunderkriege (The Persian and Burgundian Wars, 1887), Die Strategie des Perikles erl\u00e4utert durch die Strategie Friedrichs des Grossen (The Strategy of Pericles Described Through the Strategy of Frederick the Great, 1890) and Das Leben des Feldmarschalls Grafen Neithardt von Gneisenau (Life of Marshal Count Neithardt von Gneisenau, 1894).", "Q239234": "Igor Cukrov (born 6 June 1984) is a Croatian singer, musician and television personality. He came to media attention as one of sixteen contestants of talents show Operacija trijumf, Balkan version of Endemol's Star Academy. Cukrov represented Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 alongside Andrea \u0160u\u0161njara with the song \"Lijepa Tena\", written by Ton\u010di Hulji\u0107. The song qualified to the final from the second semi-final as the jury's selected qualifier. It eventually finished in 18th place with 45 points.\n\n", "Q60317": "Lynn Harrell (born January 30, 1944) is an American classical cellist.", "Q78558": "Joseph Ludwig Franz Ressel (Czech: Josef Ludv\u00edk Franti\u0161ek Ressel; 29 June 1793 \u2013 9 October 1857) was an Austrian forester and inventor of Czech-German descent, who designed one of the first working ship's propellers. \n\nRessel was born in Chrudim, Bohemia then part of the Holy Roman Empire ruled by the Habsburg Monarchy, which became part of the Austrian Empire at his death (now the Czech Republic). His father Anton Hermann Ressel was a native German speaker, and his mother Marie Anna Konvi\u010dkov\u00e1 was a native Czech speaker. He studied in the Linz Gymnasium, Budweis (in today's \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice) artillery school, University of Vienna and the Mariabrunn Forestry Academy at Mariabrunn Monastery then near (now in) Vienna.\nHe worked for the Austrian government as a forester in the more southern parts of the monarchy, including in Motovun, Istria (modern-day Croatia). His work was to secure a supply of quality wood for the Navy. He worked in Landstrass (Kostanjevica on the Krka river in Carniola in modern-day Slovenia), where he tested his ship propellers for the first time. In 1821 he was transferred to Trieste (modern-day Italy), the biggest port of the Austrian Empire, where his tests were successful. He was awarded a propeller patent in 1827. He modified a steam-powered boat Civetta by 1829 and test-drove it in the Trieste harbor at six knots before the steam conduits exploded. Because of this misfortune, the police banned further testing. The explosion was not caused by the tested propeller as many believed at the time.\nAs early as 1804, the American John Fitch is credited with a screw propeller, which was unsuccessful. In 1836, the Englishman Francis Pettit Smith tested a screw propeller similar to Ressel's. The first transatlantic journey of a ship powered by a screw-propeller was by the SS Great Britain in 1845. Propeller design stabilized in the 1880s.\nBesides having been called \"the inventor of the propeller\", he was also called the inventor of the steamship and a monument to him in a park in Vienna\ncommemorates him as \u201cthe one and only inventor of the screw propeller and steam shipping\u201d. He was also commemorated on Austria's 500 Schilling banknote in the mid 1960s (P139), which shows him on the front and the ship \"Civetta\" on the back.\nAmong other Ressel's inventions are pneumatic post and ball and cylinder bearings. He was granted numerous patents during his life.\nHe died in Laibach (Ljubljana capital of present day Slovenia), and was buried there in the St. Christopher Cemetery (now called \"Navje Cemetery\") in the Be\u017eigrad district.", "Q70104": "Wynau is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q688378": "Armin Wolf (born 19 August 1966) is an Austrian journalist and television anchor. In 2017 Politico Europe called him \"one of Europe\u2019s most skilled (and feared) political journalists\". In 2019 he was named \"European Journalist of the year\".", "Q67478": "Schlosswil is a former municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018 the former municipality of Schlosswil merged into the municipality of Grossh\u00f6chstetten.", "Q1101264": "Clifford George Hayes (March 10, 1893 \u2013 October 22, 1941) was an African-American multi-instrumentalist and bandleader who recorded jug band music and jazz in the 1920s and 1930s, notably as the leader of the Dixieland Jug Blowers, Clifford's Louisville Jug Band, and Hayes's Louisville Stompers. His main instrument was the violin.\nHayes was born in Green County, Kentucky. He moved with his parents to Jeffersonville, Indiana, before 1910 and then relocated to Louisville. He played the fiddle, piano and saxophone and joined the Original Louisville Jug Band in 1913. In 1919, he left to form his own group, the Dixieland Jug Blowers. He made his first recordings in 1924, accompanying the singer Sara Martin as part of the Old Southern Jug Band, with jug virtuoso Earl McDonald. The following year, he recorded for Okeh Records as the leader of Clifford's Louisville Jug Band, and over the next few years recorded in Chicago with the clarinetist Johnny Dodds in the Dixieland Jug Blowers. He also led Hayes's Louisville Stompers, who recorded between 1927 and 1929, with the pianist Earl Hines on some tracks. His last recordings were in 1931, when he recorded for Victor Records with Jimmie Rodgers, among others. Most or all of his recordings are prized by collectors all over the world.\nHayes died in Chicago in 1941.", "Q462282": "Farnaz Ghazizadeh (Persian: \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u06cc\u200c\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200e; born December 3, 1974 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian journalist, and BBC Persian Television Presenter. She has been involved with BBC Persian Television. In 1999, she married Sina Motalebi.", "Q134541": "Black Eyed Peas (also known as The Black Eyed Peas) is an American musical group, consisting of rappers will.i.am, apl.de.ap, and Taboo. Originally an alternative hip hop group, they subsequently changed their musical sound to pop and dance-pop music. Although the group was founded in Los Angeles in 1995, it was not until the release of their third album, Elephunk, in 2003, that they achieved high record sales. \nBlack Eyed Peas' first major hit was the 2003 single \"Where Is the Love?\" from Elephunk, which topped the charts in 13 countries, including the United Kingdom, where it spent seven weeks at number one and went on to become Britain's biggest-selling single of 2003. Their fourth album, Monkey Business, was an even bigger worldwide success, and became certified 4\u00d7 Platinum in the United States. In 2009, the group became one of only 11 artists to have simultaneously held the number-one and number-two spots on the Billboard Hot 100, with their singles \"Boom Boom Pow\" and \"I Gotta Feeling\", which topped the chart for an unprecedented 26 consecutive weeks. \nThe album The E.N.D. produced a third Hot 100 number-one placement with \"Imma Be\", making the group one of few to ever place three number one singles on the chart from the same album, before being followed with \"Rock That Body\" and \"Meet Me Halfway\", which peaked in the top 10 of the Hot 100. \"I Gotta Feeling\" became the first single to sell more than one million downloads in the United Kingdom. At the 52nd Grammy Awards ceremony, held in January 2010, they won three awards out of six nominations. In November 2010, they released the album The Beginning. In February 2011, the group performed at the Super Bowl XLV halftime show.\nBlack Eyed Peas have sold an estimated 75 million records, making them one of the best-selling groups of all time. According to Nielsen SoundScan, the group were the second-best-selling artist/group of all time for downloaded tracks, behind Rihanna, with over 42 million sales. They were ranked 12th on Billboard's Decade-End Chart Artist of the Decade, and 7th in the Hot 100 Artists of the Decade.", "Q172514": "John Cordts (born 23 July 1935 in Hamburg, Germany) is a former racing driver from North Bay, Ontario. He emigrated from Germany to Sweden at the age of two with his family, and then to Canada when he was in his early twenties.\nCordts participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1969 Canadian Grand Prix on 20 September 1969. He qualified 19th, but retired his Brabham after 10 laps with an oil leak, while lying 16th.\nIn addition to his Formula One appearance, Cordts had been successful in Canadian and U.S. sports car racing, particularly with various McLarens run by Dave Billes's Performance Engineering. He competed in many events, ranging from Harewood Acres (where he still holds the track record when it closed in 1970), Mosport, Mont-Tremblant, and Westwood in Canada to various tracks in the US and even Japan. He later became a regular participant in the CanAm series, in which he raced until 1974, mainly in McLarens and Lolas. His best Can-Am finish was second at Road America in 1974. He was also known for his participation in the SCCA Trans-Am Series, where he had, at one point, piloted a BF Goodrich-sponsored Pontiac Firebird, known as the \"Tirebird\" and also several FIA events with the Greenwood Corvette team.\nCordts has since retired to a private life in Western Canada where he is well known for his beautiful wood carvings and recently wrote his autobiography entitled \"Blood, Sweat and Turnips\". John was also inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame in 2003.", "Q547980": "Dagfinn V\u00e5rvik (8 June 1924 \u2013 25 March 2018) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party. He was born in Leinstrand.\nFrom August to September 1963 he was Minister of Finance during the short-lived centre-right cabinet Lyng. He was later Minister of Wages and Prices from 1965 to 1971 during the cabinet Borten, and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1972 to 1973 during the cabinet Korvald.\nHe served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus during the term 1961\u20131965. He was a deputy member of Oslo city council in 1971\u20131975. He was the chairman of the Centre Party from 1973 to 1977.\nV\u00e5rvik graduated with a cand.oecon. degree in 1951. He worked in the newspaper Nationen from 1961 to 1991, as a journalist except for the period 1963 to 1988 when he was editor-in-chief. V\u00e5rvik died on 25 March 2018 at the age of 93.", "Q283555": "Talaash: The Answer Lies Within (transl.\u2009Search) is a 2012 Indian psychological crime thriller film co-written and directed by Reema Kagti. It is produced by Excel Entertainment and Aamir Khan Productions. The movie stars Aamir Khan, Rani Mukerji and Kareena Kapoor in lead roles and Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Vivan Bhatena, Rajkummar Rao, Shernaz Patel and Sheeba Chaddha in supporting roles. The film score and soundtrack of the film were composed by Ram Sampath, with lyrics written by Javed Akhtar. Principal photography of the film took place during March\u2013November 2011, primarily in Mumbai, Pondicherry and London. The movie received a UA certificate from the Censor Board of India. The film released on 30 November 2012. Talaash had worldwide earnings of over \u20b9174 crore (US$24 million), becoming one of the highest-grossing Indian films of 2012.", "Q18723": "Queens Park Rangers Football Club, commonly abbreviated to QPR, is an English professional football club based in White City, London. The club currently competes in the Championship, the second tier of English football. They were founded in 1886 after the merger of Christchurch Rangers and St Judes Institute, although their official founding date is 1882 which is when Christchurch Rangers were first formed. In the early years after the club's formation in its original home of Queen's Park, London, they played their home games at many different grounds, until finally the club settled into its current location at Loftus Road, renamed Kiyan Prince Foundation Stadium at the beginning of the 2019/20 season.The club's achievements include winning the League Cup in 1967, and they were FA Cup finalists in 1982. Their highest ever league finish was achieved in 1975\u201376 when they were runners-up in the First Division, now known as the Premier League and qualified for Europe for the first time reaching the quarter-finals of the 1976\u201377 UEFA Cup.\nQPR have long-standing rivalries with several other clubs in the London area. The most notable of these are Chelsea, Fulham and Brentford.", "Q46139": "Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 \u2013 November 18, 1976) was an American visual artist who spent most of his career in Paris. He was a significant contributor to the Dada and Surrealist movements, although his ties to each were informal. He produced major works in a variety of media but considered himself a painter above all. He was best known for his photography, and he was a renowned fashion and portrait photographer. Man Ray is also noted for his work with photograms, which he called \"rayographs\" in reference to himself.", "Q761055": "August Cesarecwas a Croatian writer and left-wing politician\nBorn: 4 December 1893\nShot: 16 July 1941Cesarec was born in Zagreb, which was part of Austria-Hungary at a time. As a high school student he was involved in radical nationalist politics and joined the group that tried to assassinate Croatian ban (viceroy) Slavko Cuvaj. For his role in failed assassination he received two years of prison sentence, which he served in Sremska Mitrovica penitentiary. There he began to study books of Stirner and Kropotkin, which gradually led him to adopt Marxist philosophy. From 1915 to 1918 he served in Austro-Hungarian Army and experiences of World War I made him into an enthusiastic supporter of October Revolution and Communism.After the war he became a member of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. Because of that he often had to deal with police and emigrate to Prague, Vienna, Moscow and Spain, where he spent some time during Spanish Civil War.Cesarec, who had discovered his literary talent in teenage years, was also known as one of the leading Croatian literary figures of his time. He wrote poems, plays, short stories and novels and participated in literary magazines run by Miroslav Krle\u017ea. In March 1941, a few days before the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, he was arrested and interned in Kerestinec prison together with some 90 leading members of Croatian left-wing intelligentsia. Few weeks later the prison was taken by new Ustasha regime. On 9 July, the Ustashas had ten prisoners, including Bo\u017eidar Ad\u017eija, Otokar Ker\u0161ovani and Ognjen Prica, shot as retaliation for Partisan activities. Fearing the rest of the inmates would be shot soon afterwards, Croatian Communist Party organised a prison-break on the night of 13 July. The prison guards were overtaken and inmates escaped. But the operation proved to be poorly organised and most of the prisoners, including Cesarec, were quickly recaptured and shot in Maksimir woods few days later.", "Q1321497": "Eivind Groven (8 October 1901 \u2013 8 February 1977) was a Norwegian microtonal composer and music-theorist. He was from traditional region of Vest-Telemark and had a background in the folk music of the area.\n\n", "Q17410": "Zhou Enlai (Chinese: \u5468\u6069\u6765; Wade\u2013Giles: Chou En-Lai ; 5 March 1898 \u2013 8 January 1976), also known as Zhou Xiangyu (courtesy name), was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China. Zhou was China's head of government, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976. Zhou served under Chairman Mao Zedong and was instrumental in the Communist Party's rise to power, and later in consolidating its control, forming foreign policy, and developing the Chinese economy.\nA skilled and able diplomat, Zhou served as the Chinese foreign minister from 1949 to 1958. Advocating peaceful coexistence with the West after the Korean War, he participated in the 1954 Geneva Conference and the 1955 Bandung Conference, and helped orchestrate Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. He helped devise policies regarding the bitter disputes with the United States, Taiwan, the Soviet Union (after 1960), India, and Vietnam.\nZhou survived the purges of other top officials during the Cultural Revolution. While Mao dedicated most of his later years to political struggle and ideological work, Zhou was the main driving force behind the affairs of state during much of the Cultural Revolution. His attempts at mitigating the Red Guards' damage and his efforts to protect others from their wrath made him immensely popular in the Cultural Revolution's later stages.\nAs Mao's health began to decline in 1971 and 1972 and following the death of disgraced Lin Biao, Zhou was elected to the vacant position of First Vice Chairman of the Communist Party by the 10th Central Committee in 1973 and thereby designated as Mao's successor (the third person after Liu Shaoqi and Lin), but still struggled against the Gang of Four internally over leadership of China. His last major public appearance was at the first meeting of the 4th National People's Congress on 13 January 1975, where he presented the government work report. He then fell out of the public eye for medical treatment and died one year later. The massive public outpouring of grief in Beijing turned to anger at the Gang of Four, leading to the 1976 Tiananmen Incident. Although Zhou was succeeded by Hua Guofeng as First Vice Chairman and designated successor, Zhou's ally Deng Xiaoping was able to outmaneuver the Gang of Four politically and took Hua's place as paramount leader by 1978.", "Q132130": "Flashpoint is a 1998 adult film starring Jenna Jameson as a horny firefighter. It is the highest-selling adult film of all time.The film was re-released as Flashpoint X to commemorate its 10th anniversary.Flashpoint was shot on a budget of $220,000, making it one of the ten biggest budget adult films of all time.", "Q498448": "Finntroll is a folk metal band from Helsinki, Finland. They combine elements of black metal and folk metal. Finntroll's lyrics are mostly in Swedish, the only exception being the song \"Madon Laulu\" on Visor Om Slutet. Finntroll's original singer, Katla, decided to use Swedish over Finnish since he was part of a Swedish-speaking minority in Finland and the sound of the language seemed to better suit the band's \"trollish\" outfit. Despite several vocalist changes, this tradition has continued.\nAccording to bandmembers Vreth and Skrymer, they took their name from an old Finnish legend where Swedish priests coming to Finland had an encounter with a wild-looking man who killed most of their party. The survivors came back bearing the tale of the Finn-Troll.\nFinntroll's lyrics mainly deal with legends and tales revolving around the fictional Troll-King \"Rivfader\" and the trolls fighting against the Christians who entered their lands and spread their beliefs. A recurring theme is the story of two priests named \"Aamund\" and \"Kettil\". The first three full-length albums feature a rather short but fierce song about the two men who constantly get themselves into trouble with the trolls, only to get beaten up and mutilated over and over again by the wrathful followers of Rivfader.\nTo date, the band's discography includes six full-length albums, a live album and two EPs. Their newest studio album Blodsvept was released on March 22, 2013. In 2014, the band released the live album Natten Med De Levande Finntroll (\"Night of the Living Finntroll\").\n\n", "Q41656": "Amanda Theodosia Jones (October 19, 1835 \u2013 March 31, 1914) was an American author and inventor, most noted for inventing a vacuum method of canning called the Jones Process.\nJones was descended from Puritan, Huguenot, Quaker and Methodist ancestors. Her forefathers were among the patriots of the American Revolution. She wrote a number of war poems during the Civil War. These were published, with others, in book form. Ill health for a number of years made it impossible for her to keep up her literary work. Some of her poems appeared in Scribner's Magazine while others were published in the Century, Our Continent, and other journals. She published a volume of verse entitled A Prairie Idyl and Other Poems. She made her home in Chicago, Illinois.", "Q1305521": "The University of South Dakota (USD) is a public research university in Vermillion, South Dakota. Established by the Dakota Territory legislature in 1862, 27 years before the establishment of the state of South Dakota, USD is the flagship university for the state of South Dakota and the state's oldest public university. It occupies a 274 acres (1.11 km2) campus located in southeastern South Dakota, approximately 63 miles (101 km) southwest of Sioux Falls, 39 miles (63 km) northwest of Sioux City, Iowa, and north of the Missouri River.\nThe university is home to South Dakota's only medical school and law school. It is also home to the National Music Museum, with over 15,000 American, European, and non-Western instruments. USD is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents, and its president is Sheila Gestring. The university has been accredited by the North Central Association of College and Schools since 1913.\nUniversity of South Dakota's alumni include a total of 17 Truman Scholars, 12 Rhodes Scholars, and 1 Nobel Laureate, (Ernest Lawrence '22, 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics.) The athletic teams compete in the NCAA's Division I as members of The Summit League, except football, which competes in the Missouri Valley Football Conference.", "Q1153913": "Sergey Fyodorovich Letov (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432, born September 24, 1956), is a Russian musician and composer, known for his improvisational style. He is the founder of the recording label Pentagram. He has collaborated with numerous jazz, avant-garde, modern classical, rock and electronic music artists, including his younger brother Yegor Letov, composer Sergey Kuryokhin, and cult Soviet art punk band DK. Letov has written music for movies and plays, collaborating with Russian, Italian and Austrian theatres, the German non-profit cultural association Goethe-Institut, and the Moscow Institute of Journalism and Literature.", "Q170303": "Pope Pelagius I (died 4 March 561) was the bishop of Rome from 556 to his death. A former apocrisiarius to Constantinople, Pelagius I was elected pope as the candidate of Emperor Justinian I, a designation not well received in the Western Church. Before his papacy, he opposed Justinian's efforts to condemn the \"Three Chapters\" in order to reconcile theological factions within the Church, but later adopted Justinian's position.", "Q89748": "Theodor Kery (24 July 1918 \u2013 9 May 2010) was an Austrian politician, who was the Governor of Burgenland (1966\u20131987).", "Q1427": "Hadrian (; Latin: Publius Aelius Hadrianus Augustus; 24 January 76 \u2013 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138. He was born Publius Aelius Hadrianus in Italica, Hispania Baetica, into a Roman Italo-Hispanic family that settled in Spain from the Italian city of Atri in Picenum. His father was of senatorial rank and was a first cousin of Emperor Trajan. He married Trajan's grand-niece Vibia Sabina early in his career, before Trajan became emperor and possibly at the behest of Trajan's wife Pompeia Plotina. Plotina and Trajan's close friend and adviser Lucius Licinius Sura were well disposed towards Hadrian. When Trajan died, his widow claimed that he had nominated Hadrian as emperor immediately before his death.\nRome's military and Senate approved Hadrian's succession, but four leading senators were unlawfully put to death soon after. They had opposed Hadrian or seemed to threaten his succession, and the senate held him responsible for it and never forgave him. He earned further disapproval among the elite by abandoning Trajan's expansionist policies and territorial gains in Mesopotamia, Assyria, Armenia, and parts of Dacia. Hadrian preferred to invest in the development of stable, defensible borders and the unification of the empire's disparate peoples. He is known for building Hadrian's Wall, which marked the northern limit of Britannia.\nHadrian energetically pursued his own Imperial ideals and personal interests. He visited almost every province of the Empire, accompanied by an Imperial retinue of specialists and administrators. He encouraged military preparedness and discipline, and he fostered, designed, or personally subsidised various civil and religious institutions and building projects. In Rome itself, he rebuilt the Pantheon and constructed the vast Temple of Venus and Roma. In Egypt, he may have rebuilt the Serapeum of Alexandria. He was an ardent admirer of Greece and sought to make Athens the cultural capital of the Empire, so he ordered the construction of many opulent temples there. His intense relationship with Greek youth Antinous and the latter's untimely death led Hadrian to establish a widespread cult late in his reign. He suppressed the Bar Kokhba revolt in Judaea, but his reign was otherwise peaceful.\nHadrian's last years were marred by chronic illness. He saw the Bar Kokhba revolt as the failure of his panhellenic ideal. He executed two more senators for their alleged plots against him, and this provoked further resentment. His marriage to Vibia Sabina had been unhappy and childless; he adopted Antoninus Pius in 138 and nominated him as a successor, on the condition that Antoninus adopt Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus as his own heirs. Hadrian died the same year at Baiae, and Antoninus had him deified, despite opposition from the Senate. Edward Gibbon includes him among the Empire's \"Five Good Emperors\", a \"benevolent dictator\"; Hadrian's own senate found him remote and authoritarian. He has been described as enigmatic and contradictory, with a capacity for both great personal generosity and extreme cruelty and driven by insatiable curiosity, self-conceit, and ambition.", "Q1208777": "Minh Le (Vietnamese: L\u00ea Minh, born 27 June 1977), also known by his online nickname Gooseman, is a Vietnamese Canadian video game programmer who co-created the Half-Life mod Counter-Strike with Jess Cliffe in 1999 and started the Counter-Strike series. He was later employed by Valve, the developers of Half-Life, and worked for 8 years in Korea on the multiplayer first-person shooter Tactical Intervention. He is a contractor on the multiplayer survival first-person shooter Rust. In the small-team games that he has worked on, Le has been a programmer, modeler, and designer.\nHis nickname comes from Shane Gooseman, one of the main characters of 1980s cartoon series The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers.", "Q178987": "Tibor Szamuely (December 27, 1890 \u2013 August 2, 1919) was a Hungarian politician and journalist who was Deputy People's Commissar of War and People's Commissar of Public Education during the Hungarian Soviet Republic.", "Q961302": "Tam\u00e1s V\u00e1s\u00e1ry (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0252ma\u02d0\u0283 \u02c8va\u02d0\u0283a\u02d0ri]; born 11 August 1933) is a Hungarian concert pianist and conductor.", "Q2827364": "Agust\u00edn Rodr\u00edguez Sahag\u00fan (\u00c1vila, 27 March 1932 \u2013 Paris, 13 October 1991) was a Spanish politician and businessman as well as being a doctor in economics and law who was best known as being the mayor of Madrid from 1989-1991.\nHe studied law at the University of Deusto in Bilbao, a city in which for some time he devoted to various activities in the publishing business. In 1976 he started the business Segovian Business Federation (Federaci\u00f3n Empresarial Segoviana.) A year later, in 1977, he participated in the founding of the Spanish Confederation of Small and Medium Enterprises, of which he was elected president.\nHis career in politics began on 24 February 1978, when he became part of the Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain). The following year, in February 1979, took over the defence portfolio, a post he held during the 23-F coup d'\u00e9tat on 23 February 1981. In the March 1979 General Election he was elected MP representing Vizcaya Province.\nIn February 1981 he was elected chairman of the UCD, though he resigned from the party in August 1982 to accompany Adolfo Su\u00e1rez in the creation of a new party, the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS). The CDS fared poorly in the 1982 General Election, losing 14 of its sitting 16 MPs. Rodr\u00edguez, together with Su\u00e1rez were the only CDS MPs to hold their seats with Rodr\u00edguez representing \u00c1vila Province. He was re-elected at the 1986 General Election.\nIn the municipal elections of 1987, he presented himself as a candidate for the Mayor of Madrid, though he only came in third place. In 1989, he stood against the then Mayor of Madrid, Juan Barranco Gallardo, and won with 29 votes out of 55 with the support of the People's Party (PP). On 20 June 1989 Rodr\u00edguez Sahag\u00fan was sworn in Mayor of the Spanish capital. During his tenure several tunnels were opened to traffic with the objective of reducing congestion in Madrid. He remained in office until April 1991, when he resigned due to bad health.\nRodr\u00edguez Sahag\u00fan died in Paris on 13 October 1991.\nOn 19 January 1995 a monument dedicated to the memory of Rodr\u00edguez Sahag\u00fan was opened, in the Madrid park that also bears his name.", "Q742854": "Keuruu (Swedish: Keuru) is a town and municipality of Finland.\nIt is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Central Finland region. The municipality has a population of 9,757 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 1,430.57 square kilometres (552.35 sq mi) of which 172.4 km2 (66.6 sq mi)\nis water. The population density is 7.75 inhabitants per square kilometre (20.1/sq mi). The town center and Haapam\u00e4ki village are both the most populated places in Keuruu.\nNeighbouring municipalities are J\u00e4ms\u00e4, Multia, M\u00e4ntt\u00e4-Vilppula, Pet\u00e4j\u00e4vesi, Virrat and \u00c4ht\u00e4ri. The municipality is unilingually Finnish. The municipality of Pihlajavesi was consolidated with Keuruu in 1969.\n\n", "Q2625142": "Super Junior-T (Korean: \uc288\ud37c\uc8fc\ub2c8\uc5b4-\ud2b8), an initialism for Super Junior-Trot is the second official sub-group of South Korean boy band Super Junior. They are the first idol group known for capitalizing trot music, the oldest form of Korean pop music. Formed in 2007, the group consists of five Super Junior members Leeteuk, Heechul, Shindong, Sungmin, and Eunhyuk.Super Junior-T released their debut CD single on 23 February 2007 the short span of their career before they were announced to be on hiatus in 2008. The single \"Rokuko\" was Korea's sixteenth best-selling record and the number one best-selling single of 2007, according to the Music Industry Association of Korea. In November 2008, the subgroup made their debut in Japan with released the Japanese version of \"Rokuko\".\n\n", "Q262967": "Lajos Martin (30 August 1827 \u2013 4 March 1897) was a Hungarian mathematician and engineer, known by his works in transportation and aerodynamics.", "Q179327": "Ernie Ball (born Roland Sherwood Ball; August 30, 1930 \u2013 September 9, 2004) was an American entrepreneur and musician, best known in the development of guitar-related products. Ball began as a club and local television musician and entrepreneur, building an international business in guitars and accessories that would eventually gross US$40 million a year. \"Ernie Ball\" is also the eponymous corporation Ball started to market guitar accessories.", "Q358345": "William December \"Billy Dee\" Williams Jr. (born April 6, 1937) is an American actor, voice actor, and artist. He is best known as Lando Calrissian in the Star Wars franchise, first in the early 1980s, and nearly forty years later in The Rise of Skywalker (2019), marking one of the longest intervals between onscreen portrayals of a character by the same actor in American film history. \nWilliams was born in New York City, and raised with his twin sister Loretta in Harlem. In 1945 he made his Broadway theatre debut at age seven in The Firebrand of Florence. He later graduated from The High School of Music & Art, then won a painting scholarship to the National Academy of Fine Arts and Design, where he won a Hallgarten Prize for painting in the mid-1950s. To fund his art supplies he returned to acting, including stage, films, and television. He kept creating art, his work has since been shown in galleries and collections worldwide. \nWilliams\u2019 film debut was in The Last Angry Man (1959), but he came to national attention in the television movie, Brian's Song (1971) which earned him an Emmy nomination for Best Actor. He has appeared in at least 70 films over six decades including critically acclaimed and popular movies such as, Lady Sings the Blues (1972) and Mahogany (1975) both starring Williams paired with Diana Ross; and Nighthawks (1981). In the 1980s he was cast in his most enduring role as Lando Calrissian, becoming the first African-American actor with a major role in the Star Wars franchise, in The Empire Strikes Back (1980), and Return of the Jedi (1983). He also delivered Lando as a voice actor in video games, animated series, and the National Public Radio adaptation of The Empire Strikes Back. He was inducted into the Black Filmmaker's Hall of Fame in 1984, and earned a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1985. Another enduring franchise relationship started with Batman (1989), playing attorney Harvey Dent, a role that was also developed into a villainous alter-ego, Two-Face, which he voiced for The Lego Batman Movie (2017). \nWilliams's television work has over sixty credits starting in 1966 including recurring roles over the decades in Gideon's Crossing; Dynasty, General Hospital: Night Shift; and General Hospital. Numerous cameos and supporting roles included being paired with Marla Gibbs on The Jeffersons, 227, and The Hughleys. Later work included voice acting in the series Titan Maximum (2009), and appearing on the reality show Dancing with the Stars (2014). His work has earned him numerous awards and honors including three NAACP Image Awards, and the NAACP Lifetime Achievement award.", "Q110391": "Klaus Zmorek (born 4 December 1957 in Lemberg, Germany) is a German actor. \nZmorek's first contract role was in the soap opera Mallorca \u2013 Suche nach dem Paradies as the business man Rolf Stein from 1999 to 2000. After one year, the Broadcast ProSieben cancelled the soap, because of too much costs. Then he played in many TV films and made a row of guest appearances in TV series.\nSince January 25, 2007 he has played the villain Adrian Degenhardt on Das Erste soap Verbotene Liebe.", "Q4117031": "Ameera bint Aidan bin Nayef Al-Taweel Al-Otaibi (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u200e; born 6 November 1983) is a Saudi former princess and philanthropist. Born into a non-royal cadet branch of the Saud dynasty, Ameera married her distant cousin Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal al Saud, and assumed the role of Vice Chairperson of Al-Waleed bin Talal Foundation. Al-Taweel is a member of the board of trustees at Silatech and is currently married to Emirati billionaire Khalifa bin Butti al Muhairi.", "Q431802": "Jacques Michel Gabriel Paul Benoist-M\u00e9chin (1 July 1901 \u2013 24 February 1983) was a French far right politician and writer. He was born and died in Paris. Well known as a journalist and historian, he would later become prominent for his collaborationism under the Vichy regime. After his conviction in 1947 and release from prison in 1954, he became an Arab world expert in the second part of his life.", "Q169134": "Nara (\u5948\u826f\u5e02, Nara-shi, Japanese: [na\ua71c\u027ea]) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture located in the Kansai region of Japan. The city occupies the northern part of Nara Prefecture, bordering Kyoto Prefecture. Eight temples, shrines, and ruins in Nara remain: specifically T\u014ddai-ji, Saidai-ji, K\u014dfuku-ji, Kasuga Shrine, Gang\u014d-ji, Yakushi-ji, T\u014dsh\u014ddai-ji, and the Heij\u014d Palace, together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest, collectively form \"Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara\", a UNESCO World Heritage Site. During the Nara period, Nara was the capital of Japan, and the Emperor lived there before moving the capital to Kyoto.", "Q243771": "Antonio Cipriano Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda y Francisco de Santa Ana Machado y Ruiz (26 July 1875 \u2013 22 February 1939), known as Antonio Machado, was a Spanish poet and one of the leading figures of the Spanish literary movement known as the Generation of '98. His work, initially modernist, evolved towards an intimate form of symbolism with romantic traits, which itself matured towards a style characterised by both an engagement with humanity on one side and an almost Taoist contemplation of existence on the other, a synthesis that according to Machado echoed the most ancient popular wisdom. In Gerardo Diego's words, Machado \"spoke in verse and lived in poetry.\"", "Q1424978": "The Silesian University of Technology (Polish name: Politechnika \u015al\u0105ska; Polish pronunciation: [p\u0254li\u02c8t\u025bx\u0272ika \u02c8\u0255l\u0254\u0303ska]) is a university located in the Polish province of Silesia, with most of its facilities in the city of Gliwice. It was founded in 1945 by Polish professors of the Lwow Polytechnic, who were forced to leave their native city and move to the Recovered Territories (see also Kresy). The University consistently ranks among the top most prestigious technical universities in Poland.", "Q65086": "Falera is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.\nFalera is a part of the Alpenarena along with the towns of Flims and Laax and is the most secluded of the three.", "Q141860": "Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u0436\u043e\u0301\u0432, tr. IPA, IPA: [n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8\u026baj j\u026a\u02c8\u0290of]; 1 May 1895 \u2013 4 February 1940) was a Soviet secret police official under Joseph Stalin who was head of the NKVD from 1936 to 1938, during the height of the Great Purge.\nHaving presided over mass arrests and executions during the Great Purge, Yezhov eventually fell from Stalin's favour and power. He was arrested, confessed to a range of anti-Soviet activity, later claiming he was tortured into confessing, and eventually executed in 1940 along with most others responsible for the Purge.", "Q1001927": "Sastamala is a town and municipality of Finland. It was created January 1, 2009, when the municipalities of Vammala, \u00c4ets\u00e4 and Mouhij\u00e4rvi were consolidated into a single town.\nIt is located in the Pirkanmaa region. The town has a population of 24,628 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 1,531.75 square kilometres (591.41 sq mi) of which 96.14 km2 (37.12 sq mi) is water. The population density is 19.07 inhabitants per square kilometre (49.4/sq mi).\nNeighbouring municipalities are Huittinen, H\u00e4meenkyr\u00f6, Ikaalinen, Kankaanp\u00e4\u00e4, Kokem\u00e4ki, Lavia, Nokia, Punkalaidun, Ulvila, Urjala and Vesilahti.\nThe municipality is unilingually Finnish.", "Q440023": "Emily Clara Rios (born April 27, 1989) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her role as Andrea Cantillo on the AMC series Breaking Bad. In 2013 she began portraying newspaper reporter Adriana Mendez on the FX series The Bridge. She is currently starring as Luc\u00eda Villanueva in the FX drama Snowfall.", "Q4888609": "The Lives of Benjamin Franklin is a 1974 American television miniseries that chronicles the life of Benjamin Franklin. It was broadcast by CBS and won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series.\n\n", "Q35869": "Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and easily triggered bronchospasms. Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. These may occur a few times a day or a few times per week. Depending on the person, asthma symptoms may become worse at night or with exercise.Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors include exposure to air pollution and allergens. Other potential triggers include medications such as aspirin and beta blockers. Diagnosis is usually based on the pattern of symptoms, response to therapy over time, and spirometry lung function testing. Asthma is classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate. It may also be classified as atopic or non-atopic, where atopy refers to a predisposition toward developing a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction.There is no cure for asthma. Symptoms can be prevented by avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants, and by the use of inhaled corticosteroids. Long-acting beta agonists (LABA) or antileukotriene agents may be used in addition to inhaled corticosteroids if asthma symptoms remain uncontrolled. Treatment of rapidly worsening symptoms is usually with an inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist such as salbutamol and corticosteroids taken by mouth. In very severe cases, intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, and hospitalization may be required.In 2015, 358 million people globally had asthma, up from 183 million in 1990. It caused about 397,100 deaths in 2015, most of which occurred in the developing world. Asthma often begins in childhood, and the rates have increased significantly since the 1960s. Asthma was recognized as early as Ancient Egypt. The word \"asthma\" is from the Greek \u1f05\u03c3\u03b8\u03bc\u03b1, \u00e1sthma, which means \"panting\".", "Q194091": "Ab\u016b \u1e24am\u012bd bin Ab\u016b Bakr Ibr\u0101h\u012bm (c. 1145 \u2013 c. 1221; Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0628\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u200e), better known by his pen-names Far\u012bd ud-D\u012bn (\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646) and \u02bfA\u1e6d\u1e6d\u0101r (\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631, Attar means apothecary), was a Persian poet, theoretician of Sufism, and hagiographer from Nishapur who had an immense and lasting influence on Persian poetry and Sufism. Man\u1e6diq-u\u1e6d-\u1e6cayr [The Conference of the Birds] and Il\u0101h\u012b-N\u0101ma [The Book of Divine] are among his most famous works.\n\n", "Q327591": "An independent or nonpartisan politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent.\n\nIndependents may support policies which are different from those of the major political parties.\nIndependents may support a party's platform, but choose to stand as an independent because they don't feel the party adequately follows their platform.\nIn some parts of the world, electors may have a tradition of electing independents, so standing for a political party is a disadvantage.\nIn some countries (such as Russia), a political party can only be registered if it has many members in more than one region, but in certain regions only a minority of electors support the major parties.\nIn some countries (such as Kuwait), political parties are illegal and all candidates thus stand as independents.\nIn some countries where politics are otherwise traditionally partisan, such as the United States, subnational bodies and offices such as the Nebraska Legislature and various directly-elected judicial and executive positions are nonpartisan and require politicians to abstain from running for office as part of a political party, even if they may be a member of one.\nIn some countries where politics is otherwise traditionally partisan (such as Mongolia), the incumbent President must always be an independent and cannot run for reelection as a member of a political party.Some independent politicians may be associated with a political party, perhaps as former members of it, or else have views that align with it, but choose not to stand in its name, or are unable to do so because the party in question has selected another candidate. Others may belong to or support a political party at the national level but believe they should not formally represent it (and thus be subject to its policies) at another level.\nIn running for public office, independents sometimes choose to form a party or alliance with other independents, and may formally register their party or alliance. Even where the word \"independent\" is used, such alliances have much in common with a political party, especially if there is an organization which needs to approve the \"independent\" candidates.", "Q889": "Afghanistan ( (listen); Pashto/Dari: \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646, Pashto: Af\u0121\u0101nist\u0101n [av\u0263\u0252nis\u02c8t\u0252n, ab-], Dari: Af\u0121\u0101nest\u0101n [av\u0263\u0252nes\u02c8t\u0252n]), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country situated at the confluence of Western, Central, and Southern Asia. Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south; Iran to the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north; and China to the northeast. Occupying 652,000 square kilometers (252,000 sq mi), it is a mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest. Kabul is the capital and largest city. The population is around 38.0 million, mostly composed of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras and Uzbeks.\nHuman habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. The land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns, including those by Alexander the Great, Mauryas, Muslim Arabs, Mongols, British, Soviets, and by the United States with allied countries. The land also served as the source from which the Kushans, Hephthalites, Samanids, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khaljis, Mughals, Hotaks, Durranis, and others have risen to form major empires.\nThe political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century, with Ahmad Shah Abdali being considered as the founder of the state. In the late 19th century, Afghanistan became a buffer state in the \"Great Game\" between British India and the Russian Empire. Its border with British India, the Durand Line, was formed in 1893 but it is not recognized by the Afghan government and it has led to strained relations with Pakistan since the latter's independence in 1947. In the First Anglo-Afghan War, the British East India Company seized control of Afghanistan briefly, but following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 the country was free of foreign influence, eventually becoming a monarchy under Amanullah Khan, until almost 50 years later when Zahir Shah was overthrown and a republic was established. In 1978, after a second coup Afghanistan first became a socialist state and then a Soviet protectorate. This evoked the Soviet\u2013Afghan War in the 1980s against mujahideen rebels. By 1996 most of Afghanistan was captured by the Islamic fundamentalist group the Taliban, who ruled as a totalitarian regime for over five years. Following the 9/11 attacks, an intervention by the US and its allies forcibly removed the Taliban from power, and a new democratically-elected government was formed, but the Taliban still control a significant portion of the country.\nAfghanistan is a unitary presidential Islamic republic. The country has high levels of terrorism, poverty, child malnutrition, and corruption. It is a member of the United Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Group of 77, the Economic Cooperation Organization, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Afghanistan's economy is the world's 96th largest, with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $72.9 billion by purchasing power parity; the country fares much worse in terms of per-capita GDP (PPP), ranking 169th out of 186 countries as of 2018.", "Q211989": "\u00c1ngel A. Rama (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u014bxel rama]; April 30, 1926 \u2013 November 27, 1983) was a Uruguayan writer, academic, and literary critic, known for his work on modernismo and for his theorization of the concept of \"transculturation.\"", "Q41130": "Jorge Ibarg\u00fcengoitia Antill\u00f3n (born January 22, 1928 in Guanajuato, Mexico; died November 27, 1983 in Mejorada del Campo, Madrid, Spain) was a Mexican novelist and playwright who achieved great popular and critical success with his satires, three of which have appeared in English: Las Muertas (The Dead Girls), Dos Cr\u00edmenes (Two Crimes), and Los Rel\u00e1mpagos de Agosto (The Lightning of August). His plays include Susana y los J\u00f3venes and Ante varias esfinges, both dating from the 1950s. In 1955, Ibarguengoitia received a Rockefeller grant to study in New York City; five years later he received the Mexico City literary award. He died in Avianca Flight 011 on route Frankfurt via Paris, Madrid, and Caracas to Bogot\u00e1 that crashed on November 27, 1983.", "Q720009": "Raymond Charles Jack \"Ray\" LaMontagne (; born June 18, 1973) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. LaMontagne has released seven studio albums, Trouble, Till the Sun Turns Black, Gossip in the Grain, God Willin' & the Creek Don't Rise, Supernova, Ouroboros and Part of the Light. He was born in New Hampshire and was inspired to create music after hearing an album by Stephen Stills. Critics have compared LaMontagne's music to that of Otis Redding, The Band, Van Morrison, Nick Drake and Tim Buckley.", "Q113840": "Francesca Maria Barbara Donner (Korean: \ud504\ub780\uccb4\uc2a4\uce74 \ub3c4\ub108; Peurancheseuka Doneo; June 15, 1900 \u2013 March 19, 1992) was the inaugural First Lady of South Korea, from 1948 to 1960, as the second wife of Syngman Rhee, the first President of the Republic of Korea.", "Q464195": "Anni-Kristiina Juuso (Northern Sami: \u00c1nne Risten Juuso, born 4 May 1979, Ivalo, Finland) is a S\u00e1mi actress, who played the leading female role in the movies The Cuckoo and The Kautokeino Rebellion. She was awarded Russia's Best Actress award by both the movie academy and the press. Juuso has also received a State Movie Award, which was handed to her by Vladimir Putin. In addition to her acting career, Juuso works as a radio journalist for YLE S\u00e1mi Radio.", "Q560481": "Johannes Jan \"Joop\" Atsma (born 6 July 1956) is a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and sport administrator. He has been a Member of the Senate since 9 June 2015.", "Q135139": "Paul Jozef Crutzen (Dutch pronunciation: [p\u028cul \u02c8jo\u02d0z\u0259f \u02c8kr\u0275ts\u0259(n)]; born 3 December 1933) is a Dutch, Nobel Prize-winning, atmospheric chemist. He is known for work on climate change research and for popularizing the term Anthropocene to describe a proposed new era when human actions have a drastic effect on the Earth.\n\n", "Q93076": "Roy Thomas Fielding (born 1965) is an American computer scientist, one of the principal authors of the HTTP specification and the originator of the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style. He is an authority on computer network architecture, and co-founder of the Apache HTTP Server project.Fielding works as a Senior Principal Scientist at Adobe Systems in San Jose, California.", "Q651": "Friedrich Theodor Vischer (German: [\u02c8f\u026a\u0283\u0250]; 30 June 1807 \u2013 14 September 1887) was a German novelist, poet, playwright, and writer on the philosophy of art. Today, he is mainly remembered as the author of the novel Auch Einer, in which he developed the concept of Die T\u00fccke des Objekts (the spite of objects), a comic theory that inanimate objects conspire against humans.", "Q76944": "K\u00e4the Bosse-Griffiths (16 June 1910 \u2013 4 April 1998) was a German-born Egyptologist who after moving to Wales became a writer in the Welsh language.", "Q23045455": "XO (also known as XO Records) is a Canadian record label founded by singer The Weeknd and his manager Amir \"Cash\" Esmailian. As of 2012, it operates as a subsidiary of, and is distributed through, Universal Music Group's Republic Records. The label's current acts include The Weeknd, Belly, Nav, 88Glam, and Black Atlass. The label has had five projects debut at number one on the Billboard 200: Beauty Behind The Madness, Starboy, My Dear Melancholy, Bad Habits, and After Hours.", "Q387727": "You, the Living (Swedish: Du levande) is a 2007 Swedish black comedy-drama film written and directed by Roy Andersson. The film is an exploration of the \"grandeur of existence,\" centered on the lives of a group of individuals, such as an overweight woman, a disgruntled psychiatrist, a heartbroken groupie, a carpenter, a business consultant, and a school teacher with emotional problems and her rug-selling husband. The basis for the film is an Old Norse proverb, \"Man is man's delight,\" taken from the Poetic Edda poem H\u00e1vam\u00e1l. The title comes from a stanza in Goethe's Roman Elegies, which also appears as a title card in the beginning of the film: \"Therefore rejoice, you, the living, in your lovely warm bed, until Lethe's cold wave wets your fleeing foot.\"The film consists of a fluent succession of fifty short sketches, most with a tragicomic undertone. The cast is mostly non-professional, and alienating techniques are employed such as presenting the characters in grim make-up and having them talk directly to camera. The financing was difficult and the shooting took three years to complete. The film won the Silver Hugo Award for Best Direction at the 2007 Chicago International Film Festival and has received critical acclaim.\nIt is the second film in a trilogy, preceded by Songs from the Second Floor (2000) and followed by A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence (2014).", "Q46887": "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is a fantasy novel written by British author J.K. Rowling and the sixth and penultimate novel in the Harry Potter series. Set during Harry Potter's sixth year at Hogwarts, the novel explores the past of Harry's nemesis, Lord Voldemort, and Harry's preparations for the final battle against Voldemort alongside his headmaster and mentor Albus Dumbledore.\nThe book was published in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury and in the United States by Scholastic on 16 July 2005, as well as in several other countries. It sold nine million copies in the first 24 hours after its release, a record that was eventually broken by its sequel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. There were many controversies before and after it was published, including the right to read copies delivered before the release date in Canada. Reception to the novel was generally positive, and it won several awards and honours, including the 2006 British Book of the Year award.\nReviewers noted that the book took on a darker tone than its predecessors, though it did contain some humour. Some considered the main themes to be love, death, trust, and redemption. The considerable character development of Harry and many other teenage characters also drew attention.\nThe film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince was released 15 July 2009 by Warner Bros.", "Q475098": "Martial Raysse is a French artist and actor born in Golfe-Juan on 12 February 1936. He lives in Issigeac, France. He holds the record for the most expensive work sold by a living French artist.", "Q3456229": "Zygmunt Franciszek Szczotkowski (b. September 17, 1877 in Warsaw, died February 9, 1943 in Bie\u017can\u00f3w) was a Polish mining engineer and the first Polish manager of the Janina Coal Mine in Libi\u0105\u017c.", "Q77482": "Peter H\u00e4rtling (13 November 1933 \u2013 10 July 2017) was a German writer, poet, publisher and journalist. He received the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for his major contribution to German literature.", "Q123997": "Ernst-Heinrich Schmauser (18 January 1890 \u2013 10 February 1945) was a commander in the SS of Nazi Germany who was the Higher SS and Police Leader in Breslau during World War II. Later in the war, he was responsible for the death march from Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, in which upwards of 25 percent of the prisoners were killed. Schmauser was also a member of the German Reichstag representing the Nazi Party.", "Q4585968": "Oddbj\u00f8rn Sverre Langlo (20 April 1935, in Stranda \u2013 21 July 2004) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.\nHe was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from M\u00f8re og Romsdal in 1977, and was re-elected on two occasions.\nOn the local level he was a member of Stranda municipal council from 1967 to 1975.\nOutside politics he graduated as sivil\u00f8konom from the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration in 1961, and spent the rest of his career as a businessman in his native Stranda.", "Q1394238": "Miroslav \u0160koro (Croatian pronunciation: [m\u00ecroslav \u0161k\u020fro]; born 29 July 1962) is a Croatian politician and pop-folk musician. His music is characterized by its traditional tamburitza sound, updated to appeal to a contemporary pop audience. He has been President of the Miroslav \u0160koro Homeland Movement since February 2020. \nHe was elected in the 2007 parliamentary election and served as Member of Parliament for the Croatian Democratic Union between January and November 2008.\nOn 23 June 2019, he announced that he will be contesting the December presidential election as an independent candidate.\nOn 29 February 2020, he reported that was established the new political party in Zagreb, the Miroslav \u0160koro Homeland Movement, which party he is the founder and president of.", "Q95413": "Jenny Winkler (born 13 May 1979, Hanau, Germany) is a German actress and well known for her role as Nathalie von Lahnstein on the soap opera Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love), which she portrays since 2004.\nFrom 1999 to 2002, she studied professional acting at the 'Actors Company, Aschaffenburg'. After that she continued with acting training in New York City, before she became the major role in the stage play F\u00fcnf im gleichen Kleid (Five in the same dress). In the following years Jenny continued in her work on the theater and also played in short films, before getting a role in the television movie Ber\u00fchmt wie der Mond (Famous as the moon).\nOne year later in fall 2004, Jenny joined the cast of Verbotene Liebe. Since then she impresses with representation of the heroine Nathalie, who suffered abuse in her marriage, lost a child, became an alcohol addict and was innocent arrested for attempted murder. Together with co-star and on-screen lover Wolfram Grandezka (plays Ansgar von Lahnstein) she created one of the most supported couples on the show.", "Q690912": "The University of Hohenheim (German: Universit\u00e4t Hohenheim) is a campus university located in the south of Stuttgart, Germany. Founded in 1818, it is Stuttgart's oldest university. Its primary areas of specialisation had traditionally been agricultural and natural sciences. Today, however, the majority of its students are enrolled in one of the many study programs offered by the faculty of business, economics and social sciences. The faculty has regularly been ranked among the best in the country, making the University of Hohenheim one of Germany's top-tier universities in these fields. The university maintains academic alliances with a number of partner universities and is involved in numerous joint research projects.", "Q594272": "Rusztem V\u00e1mb\u00e9ry (February 29, 1872, in Budapest \u2013 October 24, 1948, in New York) was a judge, politician and criminologist of international standing.\nHe was the son of the famed orientalist \u00c1rmin V\u00e1mb\u00e9ry. Edward Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII of the United Kingdom) was his godfather. He studied law in Halle and Budapest. In Hungary, he had opposed the policy of B\u00e9la Kun's Soviet Republic and Mikl\u00f3s Horthy's Regency. He lived in the U.S. from 1938, teaching at the New School for Social Research in New York. He was the Hungarian ambassador to the U.S. from September 5, 1947, to May 2, 1948.", "Q402204": "Ahmad Faris al-Shidyaq (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0642\u200e, ALA-LC: A\u1e25mad F\u0101ris al-Shidy\u0101q; born Faris ibn Yusuf al-Shidyaq; born 1805 or 1806; died 20 September 1887) was a scholar, writer and journalist who grew up in present-day Lebanon. A Maronite Christian by birth, he later lived in major cities of the Arabic-speaking world, where he had his career. He converted to Protestantism during the nearly two decades that he lived and worked in Cairo, present-day Egypt, from 1825 to 1848. He also spent time on the island of Malta. Participating in an Arabic translation of the Bible in Great Britain that was published in 1857, Faris lived and worked there for 7 years, becoming a British citizen. He next moved to Paris, France, for two years in the early 1850s, where he wrote and published some of his most important work.\nLater in the 1850s Faris moved to Tunisia, where in 1860 he converted to Islam, taking the first name Ahmad. Moving to Istanbul later that year to work as a translator at the request of the Ottoman government, Faris also founded an Arabic-language newspaper. It was supported by the Ottomans, Egypt and Tunisia, publishing until the late 1880s.\nFaris continued to promote Arabic language and culture, resisting the 19th-century \"Turkization\" pushed by the Ottomans based in present-day Turkey. Shidyaq is considered to be one of the founding fathers of modern Arabic literature; he wrote most of his fiction in his younger years.", "Q241172": "Metin Alt\u0131ok (March 14, 1940 \u2013 July 9, 1993) was a Turkish poet of Alevi faith, who - together with 34 other people, mostly Alevi intellectuals - fell victim to the 1993 Sivas massacre.", "Q49578": "Yumi Nakagawa (\u4e2d\u5ddd \u7531\u7f8e, Nakagawa Yumi, born December 20, 1966), known professionally as Yumi T\u014dma (\u51ac\u99ac \u7531\u7f8e, T\u014dma Yumi), is a Japanese voice actress, narrator, author and singer from Chiba. She has been part of the singing group Goddess Family Club. T\u014dma once worked for Aoni Production before she founded her own agency ALLURE&Y. Because of her mature voice, she often plays strong and beautiful women. T\u014dma is married to Toei Company producer Tatsuya Yoshida.", "Q374863": "Jaska Raatikainen (born July 18, 1979) is a Finnish musician, he is best known as the former drummer and co-founder of the band Children of Bodom from 1993 until his departure in 2019.", "Q208214": "Linda Carroll Hamilton (born September 26, 1956) is an American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Sarah Connor in the Terminator film series and Catherine Chandler in the television series Beauty and the Beast (1987-1990), for which she was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards and an Emmy Award. She also starred as Vicky Baxter in the horror film Children of the Corn (1984), Doctor Amy Franklin in the monster film King Kong Lives (1986), and Mayor Rachel Wando in the disaster thriller film Dante's Peak (1997). Hamilton had a recurring role as Mary Elizabeth Bartowski on NBC's Chuck.", "Q388400": "Mar\u00eda Vicenta Ysbert Soriano (21 April 1917 \u2013 25 April 2011) better known as Mar\u00eda Isbert was a Spanish actress whose credits included more than 250 Spanish films during her career. Isbert worked with most major Spanish film actors and directors, including Luis Garc\u00eda Berlanga and Luis Bu\u00f1uel. Isbert, whose credits included films, television and theater work, was most active from the 1960s to the 1980s.Isbert was born in Madrid, Spain, on 21 April 1917. She was the daughter of Pepe Isbert, a popular Spanish film actor whose major roles included Welcome Mr. Marshall!. Maria Isbert was the mother of seven children, including actor Tony Isbert.Isbert received numerous awards for her work, including the Silver Bellas Artes Medal in 1987. She was also named an Honorary Academic of the Academia de las Artes y las Ciencias Cinematogr\u00e1ficas de Espa\u00f1a in 2008.Maria Isbert died at the Villarrobledo Hospital in Villarrobledo (Albacete), Spain, on 25 April 2011, at the age of 94. A memorial was held at the Teatro Circo in Albacete.", "Q1337587": "Emily Carr University of Art and Design (ECUAD) (formerly the Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design) is a public post-secondary art school and university located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Established in 1925 as the Vancouver School of Decorative and Applied Arts, as the first degree-granting institution in British Columbia created specifically for students of both the visual and performing arts. It was named after the Canadian artist Emily Carr in 1978.", "Q50029": "Minako Kotobuki (\u5bff \u7f8e\u83dc\u5b50, Kotobuki Minako, born September 17, 1991) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer. She played Tsumugi Kotobuki in the anime series K-On! about a high school girl band. The show launched her music career as she performed the opening and ending themes, and joined three other voice actresses as the music group Sphere.", "Q134233": "The Jonas Brothers are an American pop rock band. Formed in 2005, they gained popularity from their appearances on the Disney Channel television network. They consist of three brothers: Kevin Jonas, Joe Jonas, and Nick Jonas. Raised in Wyckoff, New Jersey, the Jonas Brothers moved to Little Falls, New Jersey, in 2005, where they wrote their first record that made its Hollywood Records release. In the summer of 2008, they starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie Camp Rock and its sequel, Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam. They also starred as Kevin, Joe, and Nick Lucas from the band, JONAS, in their own Disney Channel series Jonas, which was rebranded as Jonas L.A. after the first season and cancelled after the second. The band have released five albums: It's About Time (2006), Jonas Brothers (2007), A Little Bit Longer (2008), Lines, Vines and Trying Times (2009), and Happiness Begins (2019).\nIn 2008, the group was nominated for the Best New Artist award at the 51st Grammy Awards and won the award for Breakthrough Artist at the American Music Awards. As of May 2009, before the release of Lines, Vines and Trying Times, they had sold over eight million albums worldwide. After a hiatus during 2010 and 2011 to pursue solo-projects, the group reconciled in 2012 to record a new album, which was cancelled following their break-up on October 29, 2013.\nThey have sold over 17 million albums worldwide as of 2013. Six years following their split, the group reunited with the release of \"Sucker\" on March 1, 2019. The song became the 34th song in history to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, and became the Jonas Brothers' first number one single on the chart. A month later, they released their second single titled \"Cool\" on April 5, 2019. Their fifth studio album, Happiness Begins, was released on June 7, 2019, topping the US Billboard 200.", "Q76950": "Hans Werner Richter (12 November 1908 \u2013 23 March 1993) was a German writer.\nBorn in Neu Sallenthin, Usedom, Richter is little known for his own works but found worldwide celebrity and acknowledgment as initiator, moving spirit and \"grey eminence\" of the Group 47, the most important literary association of the German Federal Republic of the post-war period. Richter died in Munich, aged 84.", "Q69870": "Claire Waldoff (21 October 1884 \u2013 22 January 1957), born Clara Wortmann, was a German singer. She was a famous kabarett singer and entertainer in Berlin during the 1910s and 1920s, chiefly known for performing ironic songs in the Berlinish dialect and with lesbian undertones and themes.", "Q57746": "Igor Luk\u0161i\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440 \u041b\u0443\u043a\u0448\u0438\u045b, pronounced [\u00ee\u0261or l\u00fbk\u0283it\u0361\u0255]; born 14 June 1976) is a Montenegrin politician who served as the 4th Prime Minister of Montenegro from 2010 to 2012, upon the resignation of Milo \u0110ukanovi\u0107. He was succeeded by \u0110ukanovi\u0107 on 4 December 2012 and served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the latter's fourth cabinet from 2012 to 2016. Presently Luk\u0161i\u0107 is with PwC and handles public sector activities in the South East Europe. He is expected to assume the position of the Secretary General of the Regional Cooperation Council as of January 1, 2022.\n\n", "Q224926": "The One That Got Away is a 1957 Second World War film starring Hardy Kr\u00fcger and featuring Michael Goodliffe, Jack Gwillim and Alec McCowen. The film was directed by Roy Ward Baker with a screenplay written by Howard Clewes, based on the 1956 book of the same name by Kendal Burt and James Leasor.\nThe film chronicles the true exploits of Oberleutnant Franz von Werra, a Luftwaffe pilot shot down over Britain in 1940. He initially tried to escape while captive in England, but was later successful during transfer to a Canadian POW camp. Von Werra was the only Axis POW to succeed in escaping during the war.", "Q215523": "Emilie de Ravin (; born 1981) is an Australian-American actress. She starred as Tess Harding on Roswell (2000\u20132002), Claire Littleton on the ABC drama Lost (2004\u20132010), and as Belle on the ABC drama Once Upon a Time (2012\u20132018).\nDe Ravin's film credits include Santa's Slay (2005), The Hills Have Eyes (2006) and Ball Don't Lie (2008). She starred as Emily, the heroin-addicted ex-girlfriend of Brendan Frye, in the neo-noir film Brick (2005). She had a cameo in Public Enemies (2009) and starred in Remember Me (2010). De Ravin has been included on Maxim's Hot 100 list three times: in 2005 (No. 47), 2006 (No. 65), and 2008 (No. 68).", "Q98137": "Ernst Voss (born January 12 1842 in Fockbek; died August 1 1920 in Hamburg) was a German shipbuilder and co-company founder of German company Blohm+Voss.", "Q138409": "Sir Francis Walsingham (c. 1532 \u2013 6 April 1590) was principal secretary to Queen Elizabeth I of England from 20 December 1573 until his death and is popularly remembered as her \"spymaster\".\nBorn to a well-connected family of gentry, Walsingham attended Cambridge University and travelled in continental Europe before embarking on a career in law at the age of twenty. A committed Protestant, during the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary I of England he joined other expatriates in exile in Switzerland and northern Italy until Mary's death and the accession of her Protestant half-sister, Elizabeth.\nWalsingham rose from relative obscurity to become one of the small coterie who directed the Elizabethan state, overseeing foreign, domestic and religious policy. He served as English ambassador to France in the early 1570s and witnessed the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. As principal secretary, he supported exploration, colonization, the use of England's maritime strength and the plantation of Ireland. He worked to bring Scotland and England together. Overall, his foreign policy demonstrated a new understanding of the role of England as a maritime Protestant power with intercontinental trading ties. He oversaw operations that penetrated Spanish military preparation, gathered intelligence from across Europe, disrupted a range of plots against Elizabeth and secured the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots.\n\n", "Q1333939": "Joe South (born Joseph Alfred Souter; February 28, 1940 \u2013 September 5, 2012) was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer. Best known for his songwriting, South won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1970 for \"Games People Play\" and was again nominated for the award in 1972 for \"Rose Garden\".", "Q1001933": "Helena (died 360) was a Roman Empress by marriage to Julian, Roman Emperor in 360\u2013363. She was briefly his Empress consort when Julian was proclaimed Augustus by his troops in 360. She died prior to the resolution of his conflict with Constantius II.\n\n", "Q91675": "Irmgard Fl\u00fcgge-Lotz, n\u00e9e Lotz (16 July 1903 \u2013 22 May 1974) was a German-American mathematician, aerospace engineer, and control theorist. She was a pioneer in the development of the theory of discontinuous automatic control, which has found wide application in hysteresis control systems; such applications include guidance systems, electronics, fire-control systems, and temperature regulation. She became the first female engineering professor at Stanford University in 1961 and the first female engineer elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.", "Q1355": "Bangalore, officially known as Bengaluru ([\u02c8be\u014b\u0261\u0259\u026du\u02d0\u027eu ] (listen)), is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. It has a population of over ten million, making it a megacity and the third-most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration in India. It is located in southern India, on the Deccan Plateau at an elevation of over 900 m (3,000 ft) above sea level. Its multi-ethnic, multi-religious, and cosmopolitan character is reflected by its more than 1000 Hindu temples, 400 mosques, 100 churches, 40 Jain Basadis, three Sikh gurdwaras, two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km\u00b2 of the metropolis. The religious places are further represented by the proposed Chabad of the Jewish community. The numerous Bah\u00e1'\u00eds have a society called the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Centre. The City's history dates back to around 890 AD, in a stone inscription found at the Nageshwara Temple in Begur, Bangalore. The Begur inscription is written in Halegannada (ancient Kannada), mentions 'Bengaluru Kalaga' (battle of Bengaluru). It was a significant turning point in the history of Bangalore as it bears the earliest reference to the name 'Bengaluru'. In 1537 CE, Kemp\u00e9 Gowd\u0101 \u2013 a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire \u2013 established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bengaluru and its oldest areas, or petes, which exist to the present day.\nAfter the fall of Vijayanagar empire in 16th century, the Mughals sold Bangalore to Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar (1673\u20131704), the then ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore for three lakh rupees. When Haider Ali seized control of the Kingdom of Mysore, the administration of Bangalore passed into his hands. It was captured by the British East India Company after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799), who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore. The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore, which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj.\nIn 1809, the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore, outside the old city, and a town grew up around it, which was governed as part of British India. Following India's independence in 1947, Bangalore became the capital of Mysore State, and remained capital when the new Indian state of Karnataka was formed in 1956. The two urban settlements of Bangalore \u2013 city and cantonment \u2013 which had developed as independent entities merged into a single urban centre in 1949. The existing Kannada name, Bengal\u016bru, was declared the official name of the city in 2006.\nBengaluru is sometimes referred to as the \"Silicon Valley of India\" (or \"IT capital of India\") because of its role as the nation's leading information technology (IT) exporter. Indian technological organisations ISRO, Infosys, Wipro and HAL are headquartered in the city. Bangalore is the second fastest-growing major metropolis in India. Bengaluru has one of the most highly educated workforces in the world. It is home to many educational and research institutions. Mysore Sandal Soap is produced in this city. The city also houses the Kannada film industry also called Sandalwood.\n\n", "Q126637": "Wedding Daze (also known as The Pleasure of Your Company and The Next Girl I See) is a 2006 romantic comedy film written and directed by Michael Ian Black and starring Jason Biggs and Isla Fisher.", "Q129504": "Arturo Ardao (Minas, Lavalleja Department, 27 September 1912 \u2013 Montevideo, 22 September 2003) was a Uruguayan philosopher and historian of ideas.From 1968 to 1972 he was dean of the Faculty of Humanities.\nHe contributed to the weekly newspaper Marcha.", "Q223091": "Sir Ian Holm Cuthbert (born 12 September 1931), known as Ian Holm, is a retired English actor on stage and in film. He received the 1967 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor for his performance as Lenny in The Homecoming and the 1998 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor for his performance in the title role of King Lear. He won the 1981 BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his role as athletics trainer Sam Mussabini in Chariots of Fire, for which he was also nominated for an Academy Award.\nHis other well-known film roles include Ash in Alien, Father Vito Cornelius in The Fifth Element, and the hobbit Bilbo Baggins in The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit film series.", "Q55637": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Alfredo Aznar L\u00f3pez (Spanish pronunciation: [xo\u02c8se ma\u02c8\u027ei.a al\u02c8f\u027ee\u00f0o a\u03b8\u02c8na\u027e \u02c8lope\u03b8] (listen); born 25 February 1953) is a Spanish politician who served as the Prime Minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004. He led the People's Party (PP), the dominant right-of-centre party in the country at the time.\nA member of the Frente de Estudiantes Sindicalistas, a student organization in which a 16-years-old Aznar espoused an independent brand of Falangism, he obtained a law degree from the Complutense University of Madrid and his first job was in the public sector, specifically, as an Inspector of the Finances of the State (Spanish: Inspector de las Finanzas del Estado). He joined the Popular Alliance, which was re-founded as the People's Party in 1989. He led the Junta of Castile and Le\u00f3n from 1987 to 1989 and was Leader of the Opposition at the national level from 1989 to 1996. In 1995, he survived an assassination attempt from the Basque separatist group ETA.\nThe People's Party, led by Aznar, won the most parliamentary seats at the 1996 general election, but he failed to obtain a majority in the Congress of Deputies, which forced the PP to seek the support of Basque (EAJ-PNV), Catalan (CiU) and Canarian (CC) regionalists. He was finally invested Prime Minister on 4 May 1996, and his first term was marked by the market liberalization, deregulation of the economy, cut state expenses and privatized several state-owned companies. During his first term, the economy grew and Spain met the criteria to participate in the creation of the eurozone, but unemployment remained moderately high. Some relevant events in Aznar's first term were the assassination of PP politician Miguel \u00c1ngel Blanco by ETA. Aznar attempted to negotiate with ETA between 1998 and 1999, but the parties did not reach an agreement and violence continued.\nAznar also got the most votes in the 2000 general election this time obtaining an absolute majority of 183 deputies (out of 350) in the Congress. The economy kept growing and unemployment finally began to fall during his second term. In foreign policy, Spain adopted a neoconservative approach and grew closer ties with the United States and the Bush administration, in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. Aznar supported the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. In 2002, he faced harsh criticisms for the actuation of the government during the Prestige oil spill in Galicia. Support of the PP further declined after the invasion of the Iraq, which was not supported by the majority of the Spanish population, but was nevertheless carried out with Spanish support for the U.S. and the UK. A 2003 poll found by the public research institute CIS found that 91% of Spaniards were against the invasion of Iraq.In 2004, a general election in Spain was scheduled for 14 March, which was not contested by Aznar, but by his successor as lead of the PP, Mariano Rajoy. On 11 March, the 2004 Madrid train bombings occurred, which killed 192 people. The attacks were perpetrated by al-Qaeda, but the government claimed the bombings were perpetrated by ETA. In the few days between the bombings and the election, the PP defended this position: however, a major sector of the population rejected the hypothesis that the attacks were perpetrated by ETA and believed the government was lying because of the bombings' possible connection to Spanish support for the invasion of Iraq. This led to a massive drop in support for the PP in the days before the election, and the opposing PSOE's Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero won the election.\nAznar remains active in the private sector, and he sometimes gives his views on the politics of Spain. He was also a member of the Council of State from 2005 to 2006. He is the president of Spanish think tank FAES and is a director of News Corporation. He held the honorary (symbolic) presidency of the PP until 2016, when he renounced to the title.", "Q106281": "Tarn\u00f3w (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8tarnuf] (listen); Silesian: Tarn\u016fw) is a city in southeastern Poland with 109,062 inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of 269,000 inhabitants. The city is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999. From 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the Tarn\u00f3w Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east\u2013west connection from Lviv to Krak\u00f3w, and two additional lines, one of which links the city with the Slovak border. Tarn\u00f3w is known for its traditional Polish architecture, which was strongly influenced by foreign cultures and foreigners that once lived in the area, most notably Jews, Germans and Austrians. The entire Old Town, featuring 16th century tenements, houses and defensive walls, has been fully preserved. Tarn\u00f3w is also the warmest city of Poland, with the highest long-term mean annual temperature in the whole country.\n\n", "Q81300": "Fran\u00e7ois Baby (December 16, 1768 \u2013 August 27, 1852) was a French-Canadian businessman, soldier, and politician in Upper Canada. He was based in Detroit when it was still under the control of Great Britain and before it was ceded to the newly independent United States. After the British evacuated Fort Detroit in 1796, he moved with his family across the Detroit River and established residence in Sandwich (now Windsor, Ontario).", "Q170317": "Ferran Adri\u00e0 Acosta (born May 14, 1962) (Catalan pronunciation: [f\u0259\u02c8ran \u0259\u00f0\u027ei\u02c8a]) is a Spanish chef. He was the head chef of the elBulli restaurant in Roses on the Costa Brava and is considered one of the best chefs in the world. He has often collaborated with his brother, renowned pastry chef Albert Adri\u00e0.", "Q1278284": "The Eastman School of Music is the professional school of music of the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York. It was established in 1921 by industrialist and philanthropist George Eastman.It offers Bachelor of Music (B.M.) degrees, Master of Arts (M.A.) degrees, Master of Music (M.M.) degrees, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees, and Doctor of Musical Arts (D.M.A.) degrees in many musical fields. The school also awards a \"Performer's Certificate\" or \"Artist's Diploma\". In 2015, there were more than 900 students enrolled in the collegiate division of the Eastman School (approximately 500 undergraduate and 400 graduate students). Students came from almost every state of the United States, with approximately 25% foreign students. Each year approximately 2000 students apply (1000 undergraduates and 1000 graduates). The acceptance rate was 13% in 2011 and about 1,000 students (ranging in age from 16 years to over 80 years of age) are enrolled in the Eastman School\u2019s Community Music School.", "Q299519": "Alecia Hillis (born December 29, 1978) is an American actress who has appeared in television and film, and voices a number of characters in video games. She is widely known for her work as Dr. Liara T'Soni in the Mass Effect trilogy, Lightning in the Final Fantasy XIII series, and Palutena in Kid Icarus: Uprising.", "Q2707485": "A scenographer or production designer, develops the appearance of a stage design, a TV or movie set, a gaming environment, a trade fair exhibition design or a museum experience exhibition design. The term originated in theater. A scenographer works together with the theater director to make the message come through in the best way they think possible, the director having the leading role and responsibility particularly for dramatic aspects - such as casting, acting, and direction - and the scenographer primarily responsible for the visual aspects or \"look\" of the production - which often includes scenery or sets, lighting, and costumes, and may include projections or other aspects.\nWhile a common role in theatrical production teams in most countries, the position of scenographer is very uncommon in the United States, where this task is generally parcelled out among several people, principally the scenic or set designer who generally spearheads the visual aspects of the production. The production's design team often includes designers for: scenic design, lighting, sound, projections, costumes, properties, choreography, and sometimes others. \nPlays are usually produced by a production team that commonly includes a director, scenic or set designer, lighting designer, costume designer, sound designer, dramaturg, stage manager, and production manager.", "Q1433": "Lucius Verus (; Latin: Lucius Aurelius Verus Augustus; 15 December 130 \u2013 23 January 169 AD) was the co-emperor of Rome with his adoptive brother Marcus Aurelius from 161 until his own death in 169. He was a member of the Nerva-Antonine dynasty. Verus' succession together with Marcus Aurelius marked the first time that the Roman Empire was ruled by multiple emperors, an increasingly common occurrence in the later history of the Empire.\nThe eldest son of Lucius Aelius Caesar, first adopted son and heir to Hadrian, Verus was born and educated in Rome where he held several political offices prior to taking the throne. After his biological father\u2019s death in 138, he was adopted by Antoninus Pius, who was himself adopted by Hadrian. Hadrian died later that year, and Antoninus Pius succeeded to the throne.\nAntoninus Pius ruled until 161 and was succeeded by Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius. The majority of Verus\u2019s reign was occupied by his direction of the war with Parthia which ended in Roman victory and some territorial gains. After initial involvement in the Marcomannic Wars, he fell ill and died in 169. He was deified by the Roman Senate as the Divine Verus (Divus Verus).", "Q5534044": "Geoff Bell (born 8 January 1963) is an English actor. He is most notable for his performances in Green Street, The Business and Kingsman: The Secret Service.", "Q157970": "Bo\u017eena N\u011bmcov\u00e1 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8bo\u0292\u025bna \u02c8\u0272\u025bmtsova\u02d0]) (4 February 1820 in Vienna \u2013 21 January 1862 in Prague) was a Czech writer of the final phase of the Czech National Revival movement.\nHer image features on the 500 CZK denomination of the banknotes of the Czech koruna.", "Q87771": "Friedrich Heer (10 April 1916 \u2013 18 September 1983) was an Austrian historian born in Vienna.", "Q449013": "Mika Emilie Leonia Brzezinski Scarborough (; born May 2, 1967) is an American journalist, talk show host, liberal political commentator, and author who currently co-hosts MSNBC's weekday morning broadcast show Morning Joe. She was formerly a CBS News correspondent, and was their principal \"Ground Zero\" reporter during the morning of the September 11 attacks. In 2007 she joined MSNBC as an occasional anchor, and was subsequently chosen as co-host of Morning Joe, alongside Joe Scarborough. She and Scarborough were married on November 24, 2018, with Rep. Elijah Cummings serving as the officiant.Mika Brzezinski is a visiting fellow at the Harvard Institute of Politics. Her main political interest is in wage equality for women. She is also the author of three books; two on her career as a journalist and one on food addiction.\nBrzezinski is the daughter of diplomat and political scientist Zbigniew Brzezinski, who served as adviser to both Lyndon B. Johnson and Jimmy Carter.", "Q1644952": "Jonah Rzadzinski Matranga (born Jonah Sonz Matranga, August 11, 1969, Brookline, Massachusetts) is a singer, songwriter, and guitarist who has released a variety of solo material under his own name and onelinedrawing, and has previously been part of the bands Far and New End Original (an anagram of \"onelinedrawing\") and Gratitude. He now continues to work and tour under onelinedrawing'.", "Q7042": "Amberg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8amb\u025brk] (listen)) is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in the Upper Palatinate, roughly halfway between Regensburg and Bayreuth. In 2013, over 41,000 people lived in the town.", "Q8371": "The cello ( CHEL-oh; plural celli or cellos) or violoncello ( VY-\u0259-l\u0259n-CHEL-oh; Italian pronunciation: [vjolon\u02c8t\u0283\u025bllo]) is a bowed (and occasionally plucked) string instrument of the violin family. Its four strings are usually tuned in perfect fifths: from low to high, C2, G2, D3 and A3, an octave lower than the viola. Music for the cello is generally written in the bass clef, with tenor clef and treble clef used for higher-range passages.\nPlayed by a cellist or violoncellist, it enjoys a large solo repertoire with and without accompaniment, as well as numerous concerti. The cello often plays the bass part, both in chamber music such as string quartets and the orchestra's string section, where the cello may be reinforced an octave lower by the double basses. Figured bass music of the Baroque-era typically assumes a cello, viola da gamba or bassoon as part of the basso continuo group alongside chordal instruments such as organ, harpsichord, lute or theorbo. Cellos are found in many other ensembles, from modern Chinese orchestras to cello rock bands.", "Q499742": "Jonathan Dean Harvey (3 May 1939 \u2013 4 December 2012) was a British composer. He held teaching positions at universities and music conservatories in Europe and the USA and was frequently invited to teach in summer schools around the world.", "Q312258": "Jacques Demy (French: [\u0292ak d\u0259mi]; 5 June 1931 \u2013 27 October 1990) was a French director, lyricist, and screenwriter. He appeared in the wake of the French New Wave alongside contemporaries like Jean-Luc Godard and Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut. Demy's films are celebrated for their visual style. Demy's style drew upon diverse sources such as classic Hollywood musicals, the documentary realism of his New Wave colleagues, fairy tales, jazz, Japanese manga, and the opera. His films contain overlapping continuity (i.e., characters cross over from film to film), lush musical scores (typically composed by Michel Legrand) and motifs like teenage love, labor rights, incest, and the intersection between dreams and reality. He is best known for the two musicals he directed in the mid-1960s: The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964) and The Young Girls of Rochefort (1967).", "Q282887": "Europa-Union Deutschland e.V. (EUD) is the German section of the Union of European Federalists (UEF). It is a non-partisan, interdenominational and independent non-governmental organization advocating federal Europe. EUD's youth organization, Junge Europ\u00e4ische F\u00f6deralisten Deutschland is part of the Young European Federalists.", "Q3309576": "Michel Esdras Bernier, (September 28, 1841 \u2013 July 27, 1921) was a Canadian politician.\nBorn in St-Hyacinthe, Canada East, he was a notary and businessman before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of St. Hyacinthe in 1882. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1887, 1891, 1896, and 1900. From 1900 to 1904, he was the Minister of Inland Revenue. From 1904 to 1914, he was the Deputy Commissioner of the Board of Railway Commissioners and Transport Commissioners.\n\n", "Q3224": "New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. Its coast borders the Coral and Tasman Seas to the east. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state. New South Wales' state capital is Sydney, which is also Australia's most populous city. In March 2019, the population of New South Wales was over 8 million, making it Australia's most populous state. Just under two-thirds of the state's population, 5.1 million, live in the Greater Sydney area. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen.The Colony of New South Wales was founded as a British penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised more than half of the Australian mainland with its western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825. The colony then also included the island territories of New Zealand, Van Diemen's Land, Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island. During the 19th century, most of the colony's area was detached to form separate British colonies that eventually became New Zealand and the various states and territories of Australia. However, the Swan River Colony has never been administered as part of New South Wales.\nLord Howe Island remains part of New South Wales, while Norfolk Island has become a federal territory, as have the areas now known as the Australian Capital Territory and the Jervis Bay Territory.", "Q48100": "Nikolai Ivanovich Krylov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0432; April 29, 1903 \u2013 February 9, 1972) was a Russian Marshal of the Soviet Union (from 1962). He was commander of the Strategic Missile Troops from 1963 to 1972.During World War II, was chief of staff of the 62nd Army (1942\u20131943) and commanded the 21st Army and 5th Army (1943\u20131945). Following the war, he also commanded the Far Eastern (1947\u20131953), Leningrad (1957\u20131960) and Moscow Military Districts (1960\u20131963).", "Q837622": "Stargate Infinity (often abbreviated as SGI or just Infinity) (French: Stargate: Le Dessin Anim\u00e9) is a 2002-2003 French-American animated science fiction television series co-produced by Les Studios Tex S.A.R.L. and DIC Entertainment Corporation, in association with MGM Television Entertainment as part of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's (MGM) Stargate franchise, but is not considered official Stargate canon. The show was created by Eric Lewald and Michael Maliani, as a spin-off series of Stargate SG-1, which was created by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner in 1997 after the release of the original film, Stargate (1994) by Dean Devlin and Roland Emmerich. The animation had a low viewership rating and poor reception; it was canceled after one season.\nThe story arc of Stargate Infinity follows Gus Bonner being framed for opening the Stargate for alien enemies in a future version of Stargate Command (SGC). Bonner escapes with a group of fresh recruits through the Stargate. The team cannot return to Earth before they have cleared their names. The show was cancelled before any of its major plots could be resolved. The story unfolds when the members of the team encounter different alien races from other planets.\n\n", "Q60854": "Johannes Valentinus Andreae (17 August 1586 \u2013 27 June 1654), a.k.a. Johannes Valentinus Andre\u00e4 or Johann Valentin Andreae, was a German theologian, who claimed to be the author of an ancient text known as the Chymische Hochzeit Christiani Rosencreutz anno 1459 (published in 1616, Strasbourg, as the Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz). This became one of the three founding works of Rosicrucianism, which was both a legend and a fashionable cultural phenomenon across Europe in this period.\nAndreae was a prominent member of the Protestant utopian movement which began in Germany and spread across northern Europe and into Britain under the mentorship of Samuel Hartlib and John Amos Comenius. The focus of this movement was the need for education and the encouragement of sciences as the key to national prosperity. But like many vaguely-religious Renaissance movements at this time, the scientific ideas being promoted were often tinged with hermeticism, occultism and neo-Platonic concepts. The threats of heresy charges posed by rigid religious authorities (Protestant and Catholic) and a scholastic intellectual climate often forced these activists to hide behind fictional secret societies and write anonymously in support of their ideas, while claiming access to \"secret ancient wisdom\".", "Q4292083": "Mecha anime and manga, known in Japan as robot anime (\u30ed\u30dc\u30c3\u30c8\u30a2\u30cb\u30e1, robotto anime) and robot manga (\u30ed\u30dc\u30c3\u30c8\u6f2b\u753b, robotto manga), are anime and manga that feature robots (mecha) in battle. The genre is broken down into two subcategories; \"super robot\", featuring super-sized, implausible robots, and \"real robot\", where robots are governed by realistic physics and technological limitations.\nMecha series cover a wide variety of genres, from comedy to drama, and the genre has expanded into other media, such as video game adaptations. Mecha has also contributed to the popularity of scale model robots.", "Q190585": "Island Records is a British-Jamaican record label owned by Universal Music Group. It was founded in 1959 by Chris Blackwell, Graeme Goodall, and Leslie Kong in Jamaica, and was eventually sold to PolyGram in 1989. Island and A&M Records, another label recently acquired by PolyGram, were both at the time the largest independent record labels in history, with Island in particular having exerted a major influence on the progressive music scene in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s.\nIsland Records operates four international divisions: Island UK, Island US, Island Australia, and Island France (known as Vertigo France until 2014). Current key people include Island US president Darcus Beese, OBE and MD Jon Turner. Partially due to its significant legacy, Island remains one of UMG's pre-eminent record labels.\nArtists who have signed to Island Records include Ariana Grande, Avicii, Justin Bieber, Bob Marley, Drake, Queen, Poppy, Cat Stevens, Tove Lo, Sparks, The Cranberries, Tracy Bonham, Roxy Music, Bishop Briggs, Hozier, Pulp, Demi Lovato, Fall Out Boy, The Killers, Loser, Leona Lewis, U2, Mumford & Sons, Iggy Azalea, Amy Winehouse, Ben Howard, James TW, Florence + The Machine, Sigrid, John Newman, Local H, Catfish and the Bottlemen, Sandy Denny, Disclosure, Big Shaq, The Weeknd, Keane, Annie Lennox, JP Cooper, PJ Harvey, Janet Jackson, John Martyn, Nick Jonas, KSI, Robyn, Shawn Mendes, Jessie J, scarlxrd, Laleh, and The Streets.\n\n", "Q208572": "American History X is a 1998 American crime drama film directed by Tony Kaye and written by David McKenna. The film stars Edward Norton and Edward Furlong, as two brothers from Los Angeles who are involved in the white supremacist and neo-Nazi movements. The older brother (Norton) serves three years in prison for voluntary manslaughter, and during this time, he is rehabilitated, and then tries to prevent his brother from going down the same path. The supporting cast includes Fairuza Balk, Stacy Keach, Elliott Gould, Avery Brooks, Ethan Suplee and Beverly D'Angelo. \nThe story is fictional, but the characters are based on McKenna's childhood and experiences of growing up in San Diego. Eager to adapt it into a film, he then sold the script to New Line Cinema, who were impressed by the writing. American History X was Kaye's first directorial role in a feature film. Budgeted at $20 million, filming took place in 1997. Before the film's release, Kaye and the film studio were hampered by a number of disputes about the final cut of the film. The final version was longer than Kaye intended, which resulted in him publicly disowning the film, and hurting his own career in Hollywood.\nThe film was released in the United States on October 30, 1998 and distributed by New Line Cinema. Despite lukewarm success at the box office, grossing only $24 million worldwide, American History X was acclaimed by critics. In particular, Norton was praised for his compelling and realistic performance, which earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. The film has stayed relevant over the years, especially because of the rise of white nationalism and far-right movements. The film has also been used for educational purposes in the United States and in other countries.", "Q1514663": "Kendra Shank is a jazz vocalist.\n\n", "Q313146": "Obie Trice III (born November 14, 1977) is an American rapper and songwriter. Trice formed his own record label, Black Market Entertainment, after leaving Shady Records. He does not use a rap name like most rappers, instead using his birth name on stage.", "Q454724": "Barbora Kodetov\u00e1 (born 6 September 1970) is a Czech actress perhaps best known for her portrayal of Paul Atreides' concubine Chani in the 2000 television miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune and its 2003 sequel, Frank Herbert's Children of Dune.\nShe is the daughter of Czech actor Ji\u0159\u00ed Kodet, granddaughter of Czech actress Ji\u0159ina Steimarov\u00e1 and comes from a large family of actors. She is the cousin of actress Anna Pol\u00edvkov\u00e1.\nBarbora is married to violinist Pavel \u0160porcl. She has three daughters - Lily Marie (born 15 February 2001), Violeta (born 26 July 2007) and Sophie (born 24 August 2009).", "Q50997": "Hilla Limann (12 December 1934 \u2013 23 January 1998) was the President of Ghana from 24 September 1979 to 31 December 1981. Eventually he became a diplomat, and served in Switzerland. Limann, whose original last name was Babini, was born in the northern Gold Coast town of Gwollu in the Sissala West District of the Upper West Region to a poor family. He managed to gain an excellent education, and took up an academic career.", "Q3515304": "Tantek \u00c7elik is a Turkish-American computer scientist, currently the Web standards lead at Mozilla Corporation. \u00c7elik was previously the chief technologist at Technorati. He worked on microformats and is one of the principal editors of several Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) specifications. He is author of HTML5 Now: A Step-by-Step Video Tutorial for Getting Started Today (Voices That Matter) (ISBN 978-0-321-71991-1).\n\n", "Q5655": "Chernyakhovsk (Russian: \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044f\u0445\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a) \u2013 known prior to 1946 by its German name of Insterburg (Lithuanian: \u012esrutis; Polish: Wystru\u0107) \u2013 is a town in the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, where it is the administrative center of Chernyakhovsky District. Located at the confluence of the Instruch and Angrapa Rivers, which unite to become the Pregolya River below Chernyakhovsk, the town had a population in 2017 of 36,423.", "Q7562453": "Sony Classical Records (also known simply as Sony Classical) is an American record label founded in 1924 as Columbia Masterworks Records, a subsidiary of Columbia Records. In 1948, it issued the first commercially successful long-playing 12\" record. Over the next decades its artists included Isaac Stern, Pablo Casals, Glenn Gould, Eugene Ormandy, Danny Elfman, Vangelis, Elliot Goldenthal, Leonard Bernstein, John Williams and Ricky Martin. Columbia Records used the Masterworks brand name not only for classical and Broadway records, but also for spoken-word albums such as Edward R. Murrow and Fred W. Friendly's successful I Can Hear It Now series. Parent CBS also featured the Masterworks name on its consumer electronics equipment.\nIn 1980, the Columbia Masterworks label was renamed as CBS Masterworks Records, but in 1990, after CBS Records was acquired by Sony, it was renamed Sony Classical Records; its logo echoes the \"Magic Notes\" logo that was Columbia's emblem until 1954. During the 1990s, the label attracted controversy under the leadership of Peter Gelb, as it emphasized crossover music over mainstream classical releases, failing to make available much of its archive of great recordings. Going \"back to the future\", the Masterworks name lives on in its series of Broadway cast albums released through Masterworks Broadway Records, and as the name of Sony Music Entertainment's classical music division, Sony Masterworks. The Sony Classical label is listed today as a sister label of Masterworks.", "Q81328": "Harrison Ford (born July 13, 1942) is an American actor, aviator, and environmental activist. He gained worldwide fame for his starring role as Han Solo in the original Star Wars trilogy and would reprise the role decades later in the sequel trilogy. Ford is also widely known for his portrayal of Indiana Jones in the titular film franchise and as Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan in the spy thrillers Patriot Games and Clear and Present Danger. His heroic characters have made him an international film icon.\nFord's career spans six decades and includes collaborations with some of the most acclaimed and influential filmmakers of all time such as George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Steven Spielberg, Ridley Scott, Peter Weir and Mike Nichols. Outside of his franchise roles, Ford has portrayed many other heroic characters, most notably in the films Witness (1985), The Fugitive (1993), Air Force One (1997), and 42 (2013), which featured him as the real-life Brooklyn Dodgers general manager Branch Rickey. In addition to his heroic roles, Ford has played morally ambiguous and darker characters in such films as The Conversation (1974), The Mosquito Coast (1986), Presumed Innocent (1990), What Lies Beneath (2000), and his role as Rick Deckard in both Blade Runner (1982) and Blade Runner 2049 (2017). He has also appeared in several romantically-themed comedies and dramas, including Working Girl (1988), Sabrina (1995), Random Hearts (1999), Morning Glory (2010), and The Age of Adaline (2015).\nAs of 2019, the U.S. domestic box-office grosses of Ford's films total over $5.1 billion, with worldwide grosses surpassing $9.3 billion, making him the fourth highest-grossing domestic box-office star of all time. In addition to his box-office success, Ford is also an Academy Award nominee, a four-time Golden Globe nominee, a two-time Saturn Award winner, and the recipient of the AFI Life Achievement Award and the Cecil B. DeMille Award. \n\n", "Q9047": "Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (sometimes spelled Leibnitz) (; German: [\u02c8\u0261\u0254tf\u0281i\u02d0t \u02c8v\u026alh\u025blm f\u0254n \u02c8la\u026abn\u026ats] or [\u02c8la\u026apn\u026ats]; French: Godefroi Guillaume Leibnitz; 1 July 1646 [O.S. 21 June] \u2013 14 November 1716) was a prominent German polymath and one of the most important logicians, mathematicians and natural philosophers of the Enlightenment. As a representative of the seventeenth-century tradition of rationalism, Leibniz's most prominent accomplishment was conceiving the ideas of differential and integral calculus, independently of Isaac Newton's contemporaneous developments. Mathematical works have consistently favored Leibniz's notation as the conventional expression of calculus. It was only in the 20th century that Leibniz's law of continuity and transcendental law of homogeneity found mathematical implementation (by means of non-standard analysis). He became one of the most prolific inventors in the field of mechanical calculators. While working on adding automatic multiplication and division to Pascal's calculator, he was the first to describe a pinwheel calculator in 1685 and invented the Leibniz wheel, used in the arithmometer, the first mass-produced mechanical calculator. He also refined the binary number system, which is the foundation of all digital computers.\nIn philosophy, Leibniz is most noted for his optimism, i.e. his conclusion that our universe is, in a restricted sense, the best possible one that God could have created, an idea that was often lampooned by others such as Voltaire. Leibniz, along with Ren\u00e9 Descartes and Baruch Spinoza, was one of the three great 17th-century advocates of rationalism. The work of Leibniz anticipated modern logic and analytic philosophy, but his philosophy also assimilates elements of the scholastic tradition, notably that conclusions are produced by applying reason to first principles or prior definitions rather than to empirical evidence.\nLeibniz made major contributions to physics and technology, and anticipated notions that surfaced much later in philosophy, probability theory, biology, medicine, geology, psychology, linguistics, and computer science. He wrote works on philosophy, politics, law, ethics, theology, history, and philology. Leibniz also contributed to the field of library science. While serving as overseer of the Wolfenb\u00fcttel library in Germany, he devised a cataloging system that would serve as a guide for many of Europe's largest libraries. Leibniz's contributions to this vast array of subjects were scattered in various learned journals, in tens of thousands of letters, and in unpublished manuscripts. He wrote in several languages, primarily in Latin, French and German but also in English, Italian and Dutch. There is no complete gathering of the writings of Leibniz translated into English.", "Q100800": "Ernst Welteke (born 21 August 1942) was the president of Deutsche Bundesbank from September 1999 until he resigned in 2004. \n\n", "Q3036070": "Donald Edward Newhouse (born 1929) is an American billionaire heir and business magnate. He owns Advance Publications, founded by his late father in 1922, whose properties include Cond\u00e9 Nast (publisher of such magazines as Vogue, Vanity Fair, and The New Yorker), dozens of newspapers across the US (including The Star-Ledger, The Plain Dealer, and The Oregonian), cable company Bright House Networks and a controlling stake in Discovery Communications. According to Forbes, he has an estimated net worth of $11.8 billion. He resides in New York City.", "Q1953823": "Harry Bannink (10 April 1929, Enschede \u2013 19 October 1999, Bosch en Duin) was a Dutch composer, arranger and pianist. He wrote over 3,000 songs.\nBannink studied at the Royal Conservatory in The Hague, receiving his degree in 1946. He started his musical career in the late fifties, when he joined a small dance-orchestra as pianist. His compositions for the play \"Het staat u vrij\" (Delftsch Studenten Corps, 1958) where his first works for the theatre. Later he would write music for lots of songs by Wim Sonneveld, Wieteke Van Dort and especially Annie M.G. Schmidt. . He wrote music for many Dutch TV-shows, including Ja zuster, nee zuster, 't Schaep met de 5 poten, Sesamstraat, and De Stratemakeropzeeshow. Since 1973 he worked with Edwin Rutten on the weekly children's TV show De film van ome Willem (in which he appeared as head of the music-ensemble on every episode) and writer Willem Wilmink, with whom he wrote a lot of songs for the Dutch children's education programme Het Klokhuis.Together with Annie M.G. Schmidt he wrote several Dutch musicals. Later, he would also write the music for the funeral of Schmidt. Among his last musical activities were a CD - on which he sang some of his own compositions - and a book with piano-arrangements of all the songs from the series Ja zuster, nee zuster. He died, aged 70, of cardiac arrest and was buried at the Nieuwe Algemene Begraafplaats, Woudenbergseweg in Zeist.\nIn 2000, a documentary about Harry Bannink and his work was released on Dutch television. In his birthplace Enschede, a theatre was named after him, as was a street in Amsterdam and Utrecht.", "Q317308": "Devon Edward Sawa (born September 7, 1978) is a Canadian actor. He began acting when he was a teen, appearing in the films Little Giants (1994), Casper (1995), Now and Then (1995), Night of the Twisters (1996), Wild America (1997), Idle Hands (1999), and Final Destination (2000).\nFrom 2010 to 2013, he starred as Owen Elliot in the action spy drama series Nikita.", "Q30612134": "A Very English Scandal is a three-part British television comedy-drama miniseries based on John Preston's book of the same name. The series premiered on BBC One on 20 May 2018 and on Amazon Prime on 29 June 2018. It is a dramatisation of the 1976\u20131979 Jeremy Thorpe scandal and more than 15 years of events leading up to it.", "Q87759": "Johann Rihosek (5 June 1869 \u2013 21 November 1956) was an Austrian engineer and locomotive designer. Johann Rihosek was born in Mak\u00f3w Podhala\u0144ski, in Austro-Hungarian Galicia (present-day Poland) on 5 June 1869. He attended the middle school at Olm\u00fctz and later studied mechanical engineering at the Vienna Technical University.", "Q118097": "Georges Borgeaud (27 July 1914, in Lausanne \u2013 6 December 1998, in Paris) was a Swiss writer and publisher.", "Q12554": "In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or medieval period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.\nPopulation decline, counterurbanisation, collapse of centralized authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East\u2014once part of the Byzantine Empire\u2014came under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate, an Islamic empire, after conquest by Muhammad's successors. Although there were substantial changes in society and political structures, the break with classical antiquity was not complete. The still-sizeable Byzantine Empire, Rome's direct continuation, survived in the Eastern Mediterranean and remained a major power. The empire's law code, the Corpus Juris Civilis or \"Code of Justinian\", was rediscovered in Northern Italy in 1070 and became widely admired later in the Middle Ages. In the West, most kingdoms incorporated the few extant Roman institutions. Monasteries were founded as campaigns to Christianise pagan Europe continued. The Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, briefly established the Carolingian Empire during the later 8th and early 9th centuries. It covered much of Western Europe but later succumbed to the pressures of internal civil wars combined with external invasions: Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east, and Saracens from the south.\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and labour services to the nobles, and feudalism, the political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed military service to their overlords in return for the right to rent from lands and manors, were two of the ways society was organised in the High Middle Ages. The Crusades, first preached in 1095, were military attempts by Western European Christians to regain control of the Holy Land from Muslims. Kings became the heads of centralised nation-states, reducing crime and violence but making the ideal of a unified Christendom more distant. Intellectual life was marked by scholasticism, a philosophy that emphasised joining faith to reason, and by the founding of universities. The theology of Thomas Aquinas, the paintings of Giotto, the poetry of Dante and Chaucer, the travels of Marco Polo, and the Gothic architecture of cathedrals such as Chartres are among the outstanding achievements toward the end of this period and into the Late Middle Ages.\nThe Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and the Western Schism within the Catholic Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period.", "Q470862": "Rhodri ap Merfyn (c. 820\u2013878), later known as Rhodri the Great (Welsh: Rhodri Mawr), succeeded his father, Merfyn Frych, as King of Gwynedd in 844. Rhodri annexed Powys c. 856 and Seisyllwg c. 871. He is called \"King of the Britons\" by the Annals of Ulster. In some later histories, he is referred to as \"King of Wales\", although the title is anachronistic and his realm did not include southern Wales.", "Q311779": "Joshua Michael Peck (born November 10, 1986) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, and YouTube personality. Peck began his career as a child actor in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and had an early role on The Amanda Show from 2000 to 2002. Peck rose to prominence for the role of Josh Nichols alongside Drake Bell's character in the Nickelodeon sitcom Drake & Josh from 2004 to 2007, and in its two television films in 2006 and 2008. He then acted in films such as Mean Creek (2004), Drillbit Taylor (2008), The Wackness (2008), ATM (2012), Red Dawn (2012), Battle of the Year (2013), Danny Collins (2015), and Take the 10 (2017). Peck provided the voice of Eddie in the Ice Age franchise since Ice Age: The Meltdown (2006), and voiced Casey Jones in the Nickelodeon animated series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012\u20132017). He also starred with John Stamos in the Fox comedy series Grandfathered (2015\u20132016). In 2017, Peck started a comedic lifestyle YouTube channel, Shua Vlogs, featuring David Dobrik and his wife Paige O'Brien.", "Q128154": "Shigeru Amachi (\u5929\u77e5 \u8302, Amachi Shigeru, 4 March 1931 \u2013 27 July 1985) was a Japanese actor. He appeared in more than 120 films from 1953 to 1984.", "Q441467": "Peggy Cummins (18 December 1925 \u2013 29 December 2017) was an Irish actress, born in Wales, who is best known for her performance in Joseph H. Lewis's Gun Crazy (1950), playing a trigger-happy femme fatale, who robs banks with her lover, played by John Dall.\n\n", "Q255891": "Down to You is a 2000 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Kris Isacsson, starring Freddie Prinze Jr. and Julia Stiles as young lovers who meet in college and go through the ups and downs of a relationship. Selma Blair, Shawn Hatosy, Zak Orth, Ashton Kutcher, Rosario Dawson, Lucie Arnaz, and Henry Winkler play supporting roles. Isacsson's first and only feature film, Down to You paired Prinze and Styles a year after their respective starring roles in the successful high school-set romantic comedies She's All That and 10 Things I Hate About You. Despite being the second-highest grossing film at the domestic box office its opening weekend, the film received poor response from critics and failed to recoup its $35 million budget.\n\n", "Q3383673": "Pierre Alexandre is a writer, a journalist and a businessman. He has found and is the CEO of New York Financial Press, a media company based in Wall Street, inside the Stock Exchange.", "Q1786385": "Gert Krawinkel (21 April 1947 \u2013 16 February 2014) was a German musician and guitarist. He was better known as \"Kralle\".", "Q284206": "Emma Wiklund (born Sj\u00f6berg, September 13, 1968) is a Swedish fashion model and actress. She appeared on several covers of Elle magazine and in the 1992 George Michael music video for \"Too Funky\". Her acting roles include playing police officer Petra in the four Taxi films (1998\u20132007).", "Q312270": "Wilson Pickett (March 18, 1941 \u2013 January 19, 2006) was an American singer and songwriter.\nA major figure in the development of American soul music, Pickett recorded over 50 songs which made the US R&B charts, many of which crossed over to the Billboard Hot 100. Among his best-known hits are \"In the Midnight Hour\" (which he co-wrote), \"Land of 1,000 Dances\", \"Mustang Sally\", and \"Funky Broadway\".Pickett was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991, in recognition of his impact on songwriting and recording.", "Q2586679": "Wittelsbacher-Gymnasium M\u00fcnchen is located in Maxvorstadt, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.", "Q250731": "\u00c1lmos (also \"Almus\", Slovak, Croatian: Almo\u0161; c. 1070 or 1075 \u2013 1 September 1127) was a Hungarian prince, the son of King G\u00e9za I of Hungary and brother of King Coloman. He held several governmental posts in the Kingdom of Hungary.", "Q972424": "Old-time music is a genre of North American folk music. It developed along with various North American folk dances, such as square dancing, clogging, and buck dancing. It is played on acoustic instruments, generally centering on a combination of fiddle and plucked string instruments, most often the banjo, guitar, and mandolin.\n\n", "Q228852": "Jane Marie Lynch (born July 14, 1960) is an American actress, voice actress, singer, author, and comedian. She is best known for her role as Sue Sylvester in the musical television series Glee. She also gained fame in Christopher Guest's \nimprov mockumentary pictures such as Best in Show.A native of Dolton, Illinois, Lynch's television cameos include an appearance in the Nickelodeon situation comedy iCarly and the Showtime dark comedy series Weeds. Lynch had a recurring role in the Warner Bros. situation comedy Two and a Half Men from 2004 to 2014 and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in 2010. She has also had other notable roles in numerous mainstream comedies, such as Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby, The 40-Year-Old Virgin, Role Models and The Three Stooges.\nOn September 4, 2013, Lynch received the 2,505th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the category of television located at 6640 Hollywood Blvd. Lynch has lent her voice to multiple animated films, including Space Chimps, Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs, Shrek Forever After and Wreck-It Ralph. Since 2013, she has hosted the NBC game show Hollywood Game Night, for which she has won two Emmy Awards. She has also hosted Earth Live for National Geographic.", "Q622636": "Lindley Armstrong Jones (December 14, 1911 \u2013 May 1, 1965), known as Spike Jones, was an American musician and bandleader specializing in satirical arrangements of popular songs and classical music. Ballads receiving the Jones treatment were punctuated with gunshots, whistles, cowbells and outlandish and comedic vocals. Jones and his band recorded under the title Spike Jones and his City Slickers from the early 1940s to the mid-1950s, and toured the United States and Canada as The Musical Depreciation Revue.", "Q1025113": "La Cadena SER (the SER Network) is Spain's premier radio network in terms of both seniority (it was created in 1924) and audience share (it had a regular listenership in 2018 of 4,139,000). The acronym SER stands for Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Radiodifusi\u00f3n (Spanish Broadcasting Company).\nCadena SER's programmes \u2013 which encompass news, sport, talk, entertainment and culture \u2013 can be received throughout Spain. The network's main studios are located on the Gran V\u00eda in Madrid; in addition, studios across the country contribute local and regional news and information, with local programming in each location amounting to between 2 and 3.5 hours daily.\nCadena SER is owned by Uni\u00f3n Radio, the majority shareholder in which is currently the PRISA group, a major player in the Spanish media market which also controls, for example, such music radio stations as LOS40, LOS40 Classic, M\u00e1xima FM, Radiol\u00e9 and a number of newspapers (including the influential national daily El Pa\u00eds), as well as other media in Spanish-speaking countries around the world.", "Q654978": "Margarita Louis-Dreyfus (n\u00e9e Bogdanova; born 1 July 1962) is a Russian-born Swiss billionaire businesswoman, chairperson of Louis Dreyfus.", "Q49236": "St. Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2018 census estimate, the population was 265,098, making it the fifth-most populous city in Florida and the largest in the state that is not a county seat (the city of Clearwater is the seat of Pinellas County).St. Petersburg is the fifth largest city in Florida and the second-largest city in the Tampa Bay Area, after Tampa. Together with Clearwater, these cities comprise the Tampa\u2013St. Petersburg\u2013Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area, the second-largest in Florida with a population of around 2.8 million. St. Petersburg is located on the Pinellas peninsula between Tampa Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, and is connected to mainland Florida to the north.St. Petersburg was founded in 1888 by John C. Williams, who purchased the land, and by Peter Demens, who brought the railroad industry into the area. As a part of a coin toss bet, the winner, Peter Demens, named the land after Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Williams opted to name the first hotel built which was named the Detroit Hotel, both named after their home towns respectively. St. Petersburg was incorporated as a town on February 29, 1892 and re-incorporated as a city on June 6, 1903.The city is often referred to by locals as St. Pete. Neighboring St. Pete Beach formally shortened its name in 1994 after a vote by its residents. St. Petersburg is governed by a mayor and city council.With an average of some 361 days of sunshine each year, and a Guinness World Record for logging the most consecutive days of sunshine (768 days between 1967 and 1969), it is nicknamed \"The Sunshine City\". Due to its good weather and low cost of living, the city has long been a popular retirement destination, although in recent years the population has moved in a much more youthful direction. American Style magazine ranked St. Petersburg its top mid-size city in 2011, citing its \"vibrant\" arts scene.", "Q210315": "Jacque Fresco (March 13, 1916 \u2013 May 18, 2017) was an American futurist and self-described social engineer. Self-taught, he worked in a variety of positions related to industrial design.\nFresco wrote and lectured his views on sustainable cities, energy efficiency, natural-resource management, cybernetic technology, automation, and the role of science in society. He directed the Venus Project and advocated global implementation of a socioeconomic system which he referred to as a \"resource-based economy\".", "Q372584": "Pierre \u00c9tienne B\u00e9zier (1 September 1910 \u2013 25 November 1999; [pj\u025b\u0281 etj\u025bn bezje]) was a French engineer and one of the founders of the fields of solid, geometric and physical modelling as well as in the field of representing curves, especially in computer-aided design and manufacturing systems. As an engineer at Renault, he became a leader in the transformation of design and manufacturing, through mathematics and computing tools, into computer-aided design and three-dimensional modeling.B\u00e9zier patented and popularized the B\u00e9zier curves and B\u00e9zier surfaces that are now used in most computer-aided design and computer graphics systems.", "Q92432": "Kurt Rosenfeld (1 February 1877 \u2013 25 September 1943) was a German lawyer and politician (SPD). He was a member of the national parliament (\"Reichstag\") between 1920 and 1932.", "Q2112": "Bielefeld (German pronunciation: [\u02c8bi\u02d0l\u0259f\u025blt] (listen)) is a city in the Ostwestfalen-Lippe Region in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population of 341,730, it is also the most populous city in the administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) of Detmold and the 18th largest city in Germany.\nThe historical centre of the city is situated north of the Teutoburg Forest line of hills, but modern Bielefeld also incorporates boroughs on the opposite side and on the hills.\nBielefeld is home to a significant number of internationally operating companies, including Dr. Oetker, Gildemeister and Sch\u00fcco.\nIt has a university and several technical colleges (Fachhochschulen). Bielefeld is also famous for the Bethel Institution, and for the Bielefeld conspiracy, which satirises conspiracy theories by claiming that Bielefeld does not exist. This concept has been used in the town's marketing and alluded to by Chancellor Angela Merkel.\n\n", "Q860752": "Konstantinos Zappas (Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u0396\u03ac\u03c0\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2; 1814\u20131892) was a Greek entrepreneur and national benefactor. Together with his cousin Evangelos Zappas, he played an essential role in the revival of the Olympic Games.Zappas was born into an Aromanian family. in 1814 in the village of Labova e Madhe (Mega Lambovo), between Gjirokast\u00ebr (Argyrokastro) and Tepelen\u00eb, in today's Albania, then in the Ottoman Empire. After the death of Evangelis Zappas he became the executor of his cousin\u2019s legacy and the ongoing revival of the Olympic Games. He was appointed manager of the Olympic Committee that organised the so-called Zappas Olympics, a Greek athletic festival held in 1859, 1870 and 1875 and forerunner of the modern international Olympics.\nIn 1881, after the annexation of Thessaly to Greece, he bought extended estates there and the following years contributed to the building of the Zappeion building in Athens, which was officially opened on 28 October 1888. Moreover, a number of Greek schools and educational facilities were built with his personal financial support including the female schools in Constantinople, in his hometown Labov\u00eb, as well as in a number of towns in Epirus (Tepelene, Delvine) and Thessaly. Many students benefited from his scholarship for post-graduate studies in Western Europe (mostly in the scientific field of agriculture).\nHe died in 1892 in Mantes-la-Jolie, France. On his death the Romanian government seized all of his assets and capital that were still in Romania causing a noted international law case at that time and his cousin Evangelis Zappas was often incorrectly cited as his brother. There was also land and money in Greece that Konstantinos left to the Greek government. Baron Pierre de Coubertin together with A. Mercatis, a close friend of Konstantinos, encouraged the Greek government to put in some of that legacy to fund the 1896 Athens Olympic Games in addition to the legacy of Evangelis Zappas.The statues of Konstantinos and his cousin Evangelis Zappas are situated in front of the Zappeion.", "Q174159": "Jacob Swoope (died 1832) was an eighteenth and nineteenth century politician from Virginia.", "Q285118": "Ekk Deewana Tha (transl.\u2009There was a crazy lover) is a 2012 Indian Hindi romantic drama film, written and directed by Gautham Menon, featuring Prateik Babbar and Amy Jackson in her Bollywood debut, and in lead roles. The film is a remake of Menon's own Tamil film Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa (2010) and features a reused soundtrack and film score composed by A. R. Rahman, while the cinematography and editing were handled by M. S. Prabhu and Anthony Gonsalves, respectively. Singer Chinmayi provided the talking voice of the female lead, reprising her role from the Tamil version and the Telugu simultaneously made version where she dubbed for actresses Trisha Krishnan and Samantha Ruth Prabhu respectively.\nWhile in production, the film was titled Prem Katha, but was renamed as Ekk Deewana Tha, as the director wanted an abstract title for the film, similar to the original.The film, produced by Fox Star Studios, a subsidiary of Hollywood studio 20th Century Fox, Photon Kathaas and RS Infotainment, was released on 17 February 2012 in two different versions with a number of endings to suit the taste of regional viewers. The film opened to universally mixed reviews and had a lukewarm reception at the box office.", "Q443516": "Clotilde Marie Pascale Courau (born 3 April 1969) is a French actress. She is the wife of Emanuele Filiberto di Savoia, a member of the House of Savoy and the grandson of Umberto II, the last reigning King of Italy. She is also known as Princess of Venice, though professionally she is known by her maiden name.", "Q1034778": "Endre Heged\u0171s (born 1954 in Hungary) is an internationally known piano soloist. He graduated from Franz Liszt Academy of Music as a pianist, both performing artist and teacher in 1980. Since 1999 he has been a professor of the Academy.\nHeged\u0171s has participated in 20 international piano competitions and has won several prizes among them first prizes in Monza and at the Rachmaninov Competition in Morcone, both in Italy. During the Liszt Centennial Year in 1986 he was awarded the Franz Liszt Commemorative Plate of the Hungarian Ministry of Culture and the International Liszt Society for his outstanding interpretations of works by the great composer Franz Liszt.\nHe has recorded 27 albums under the labels Hungaroton, Marco Polo and Studio Liszt Productions. His album containing the complete Bellini-LIszt operatic fantasies published by the Hungaroton in 1993 received the Franz Liszt International Grand Prix du Disque from the International Liszt Society. Hungarian television companies made 12 films taken from his public concerts and transmitted them on various occasions. The total length of these films exceeds 18 hours.\nIn 1999 Heged\u0171s has been included into the roster of Steinway Artists by the Steinway Center in New York City. In Hungary in the year 2000 he was awarded the State Franz Liszt Prize. In 2004 the artist received from the hands of President Ferenc M\u00e1dl the Medal of Merit of the President of the Hungarian Republic - for his worldwide concert activities and for his abilities to create harmony between music and its audience. In the course of Mr. Heged\u0171s' 30 years of pianistic career he performed more than 2600 times on public appearances. Beside his live concert activities in his home-land, Hungary he regularly gives concerts in Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, Canada and in the United States of America.\nHeged\u0171s resides in Budapest, Hungary with his wife, Katalin (also a concert pianist). They have three children.", "Q85628": "Siegfried Uiberreither (29 March 1908 in Salzburg \u2013 29 December 1984 in Sindelfingen) was an Austrian Nazi-Gauleiter in Styria, Austria during the Third Reich.\nIn 1924, Uiberreither joined the Schill Youth (Schilljugend). He studied law and worked as a construction aid worker. In 1930 he became a secretary for the Workers' Sickness Fund (Arbeiterkrankenkasse) in Graz. In 1931, he joined the SA, and in 1933 he graduated from his studies as a Doctor of Law. In 1937 Uiberreither was leader of the illegal SA Brigade Steiermark, and in 1938 he became an SA Brigadef\u00fchrer. That same year, which saw Austria's Anschluss with Nazi Germany, he also became the Commissary Police Director for Graz, and on 25 May 1938, he was appointed Gauleiter of Styria [1].\nIn 1939 Uiberreither married K\u00e4te Wegener (*1918), the daughter of Alfred and Else Wegener. They had four sons.\nThe years 1939 and 1940 were ones of military service for Uiberreither, who became a mountain trooper (Gebirgsj\u00e4ger) and participated in the German landing in Norway. In April 1940, he was discharged from the Wehrmacht with the rank of lieutenant.\nIn 1940, Uiberreither became Reich Governor (Reichsstatthalter) of Styria, in 1941 Chief of the Civil Administration in the occupied areas of Yugoslavian \"Lower Styria\", and in 1942, also the Reich Defence Commissar for the Gau of Styria. In 1943, he was promoted to SA Obergruppenf\u00fchrer. In 1944 he was the leader of the Volkssturm in Styria, a last-ditch home guard set up on Martin Bormann's order's towards the end of the Second World War, and associated in Styria with the Nazi \"Werwolf\".\nIn May 1945, after the Allies had overrun the Reich and Hitler was dead, Uiberreither was arrested and later compelled to testify as a witness at the Nuremberg Trials.\nIn 1947, Uiberreither fled when it became clear that there was the threat of being handed over to Yugoslavia. After this, there are clues to his having spent a while in Argentina before he eventually \u2013 as it is supposed \u2013 went to live with his family in Sindelfingen under a false name.", "Q69680": "Frauenkappelen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q531194": "Percy Howard Newby CBE (25 June 1918 \u2013 6 September 1997) was an English novelist and broadcasting administrator. He was the first winner of the Booker Prize, his novel Something to Answer For having received the inaugural award in 1969.\n\n", "Q389736": "Pauline Carton (4 July 1884 \u2013 17 June 1974) was a French film actress. She appeared in more than 190 films between 1907 and 1974.\n\n", "Q76978": "Christiane Vera Felscherinow (born 20 May 1962) is a German actress and musician who is best known for her contribution to the 1978 autobiographical book Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo (We Children of Zoo Station), and the film based on the book, in which her teenage drug use is documented.\n\n", "Q751814": "The Sisters of Mercy are an English rock band, formed in 1980 in Leeds. After achieving early underground fame there, the band had their commercial breakthrough in the mid-1980s and sustained it until the early 1990s, when they stopped releasing new recorded output in protest against their record company WEA. Currently, the band are a touring outfit only.\nThe group has released three original studio albums, the last of which was released in 1990. Each album was recorded by a different line-up; singer-songwriter Andrew Eldritch and the drum machine called Doktor Avalanche are the only points of continuity throughout. Eldritch and Avalanche were also involved in The Sisterhood, a side-project connected with Eldritch's dispute with former members.\nThe group ceased recording activity in 1993, when they went on strike against Time Warner, which they accused of incompetence and withholding royalties. Although Time Warner released them from their contract in 1997, they have not signed to another label nor released any new material, despite showcasing numerous new songs in their live sets.\nSince 1985, and the departure of the other original members, the Sisters of Mercy have become uniquely Eldritch's artistic vehicle. Former members of the group established the bands Ghost Dance and The Mission.", "Q50001": "Italians (Italian: italiani [ita\u02c8lja\u02d0ni]) are a Romance ethnic group and nation native to the Italian geographical region and its neighbouring insular territories. Italians share a common culture, history, ancestry and language. Legally, Italian nationals are citizens of Italy, regardless of ancestry or nation of residence (in effect, however, Italian nationality is largely based on jus sanguinis) and may be distinguished from ethnic Italians in general or people of Italian descent without Italian citizenship and from ethnic Italians living in territories adjacent to the Italian peninsula without Italian citizenship.The majority of Italian nationals are native speakers of the country's official language, Italian, or a regional variety thereof. However, many of them also speak a regional or minority language native to Italy, the existence of which predates the national language; although there is disagreement on the total number, according to UNESCO there are approximately 30 languages native to Italy, although many are often misleadingly referred to as Italian \"dialects\".In 2017, in addition to the approximately 55 million Italians in Italy (91% of the Italian national population), Italian-speaking autonomous groups are found in neighbouring nations; about a half million are in Switzerland, as well as in France, the entire population of San Marino, and there are smaller groups in Slovenia and Croatia, primarily in Istria (Istrian Italians) and Dalmatia (Dalmatian Italians). Due to the wide-ranging diaspora following Italian unification, World War I and World War II, (with over 5 million Italian citizens that live outside of Italy) over 80 million people around the world claim full or partial Italian ancestry, which includes 62.5% of Argentina's population (Italian Argentines), 1/3 of Uruguayans (Italian Uruguayans), 15% of Brazilians (Italian Brazilians, the largest Italian community outside Italy), and people in other parts of Europe, the Americas (such as Italian Americans, Italian Canadians, Italian Mexicans and Italo-Venezuelans, among others), Australasia (Italian Australians and Italian New Zealanders), and to a lesser extent in the Middle East (see Italian diaspora).\nItalians have influenced and contributed to fields like arts and music, science, technology, fashion, cinema, cuisine, sports, jurisprudence, banking and business. Furthermore, Italian people are generally known for their attachment to their locale, expressed in the form of either regionalism or municipalism.\n\n", "Q445167": "Laura Ma\u00f1\u00e1 (born January 12, 1968 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain) is an actress, film director and screenwriter.", "Q123767": "Carl Culmann (10 July 1821 \u2013 9 December 1881) was a German structural engineer.\nBorn in Bad Bergzabern, Rhenish Palatinate, in modern-day Germany, Culmann's father, a pastor, tutored him at home before enrolling him at the military engineering school at Metz to prepare for entry to the \u00c9cole Polytechnique. Culmann's ambitions were frustrated by an attack of typhoid and, after a long convalescence, he attended the Karlsruhe Polytechnic School. He joined the Bavarian civil service in 1841 as an apprentice engineer in the design of railroad bridges.Continuing his mathematical studies, in particular under L. C. Schn\u00fcrlein, in 1847 Culmann transferred to Munich so that he could improve his English in anticipation of a study tour to the United Kingdom and the United States. His tour lasted from 1849 to 1851, studying the comparative designs of truss bridges and developing new analytical techniques to facilitate his investigations.In 1855, he took up the chair of engineering sciences at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Z\u00fcrich, holding the post until his death.Inspired by the work of Jean-Victor Poncelet, Culmann was a pioneer of graphical methods in engineering, publishing his seminal book on the topic, Die graphische Statik (Graphic Statics) in 1865. He had a profound influence on a generation of engineers including Maurice Koechlin, Otto Mohr and Luigi Cremona. He died in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland.", "Q294773": "Sir Tom Stoppard (born Tom\u00e1\u0161 Straussler; 3 July 1937) is a Czech-born British playwright and screenwriter. He has written prolifically for TV, radio, film and stage, finding prominence with plays such as Arcadia, The Coast of Utopia, Every Good Boy Deserves Favour, Professional Foul, The Real Thing, Travesties, The Invention of Love, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. He co-wrote the screenplays for Brazil, The Russia House, and Shakespeare in Love, and has received an Academy Award and four Tony Awards. His work covers the themes of human rights, censorship and political freedom, often delving into the deeper philosophical thematics of society. Stoppard has been a key playwright of the National Theatre and is one of the most internationally performed dramatists of his generation. In 2008, The Daily Telegraph ranked him number 11 in their list of the \"100 most powerful people in British culture\".Born in Czechoslovakia, Stoppard left as a child refugee, fleeing imminent Nazi occupation. He settled with his family in Britain after the war, in 1946, having spent the three years prior (1943\u20131946) in a boarding school in Darjeeling in the Indian Himalayas. After being educated at schools in Nottingham and Yorkshire, Stoppard became a journalist, a drama critic and then, in 1960, a playwright.\nIt was announced in June 2019 that he had written a new play, Leopoldstadt, set in the Jewish community of early 20th Century Vienna. The play premiered in January 2020 at Wyndham's Theatre with Patrick Marber directing.", "Q924104": "Romany Romanic Malco Jr. (born November 18, 1968) is an American actor, voice actor, and music producer. He has been nominated for several awards, including an NAACP Image Award, MTV Movie Award, and Screen Actors Guild Award. Malco portrayed Conrad Shepard on the Showtime series Weeds. He currently portrays Rome Howard on the ABC primetime one-hour drama A Million Little Things. He is also known for writing the rap lyrics for the character of MC Skat Kat in \"Opposites Attract\".", "Q240244": "James Montgomery Richardson (July 1, 1858 \u2013 February 9, 1925) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.\nBorn in Mobile, Alabama, Richardson moved to Glasgow, Kentucky, in early youth and resided with his uncle.\nHe attended the common schools.\nHe became editor of the Glasgow (Kentucky) Times in 1878.\nHe served as delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1896.\nHe served as member of the State house of representatives in 1896.\nHe served as prison commissioner from 1900 to 1905, when he resigned, having been elected to Congress.\nRichardson was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1905 \u2013 March 3, 1907).\nHe was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection.\nHe resumed newspaper activities.\nPostmaster at Glasgow from May 22, 1913, to May 9, 1922.\nHe died in Glasgow, Kentucky, February 9, 1925.\nHe was interred in Glasgow Cemetery.\n\n", "Q2994838": "Constancio Carlos Vigil (September 4, 1876 \u2013 September 24, 1954) was a Uruguayan-Argentine writer and prominent publisher.\n\n", "Q124008": "Urs Toni B\u00fchler (born 19 July 1971 in Willisau, Lucerne, Switzerland) is a classically trained Swiss tenor. He is a member of the classical crossover group Il Divo, who have sold over 30 million copies worldwide discs.", "Q83259": "The \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure (French pronunciation: \u200b[ek\u0254l n\u0254\u0281mal sype\u0281j\u0153\u0281]; also known as Normale sup', Ulm, ENS Paris, l'\u00c9cole and most often just as ENS) is one of the most selective and prestigious graduate schools in Paris, France. It is one of the French grandes \u00e9coles and a constituent member of PSL University.\nIt was initially conceived during the French Revolution and was intended to provide the Republic with a new body of professors, trained in the critical spirit and secular values of the Enlightenment. It has since developed into an institution which has become a platform for a select few of France's students to pursue careers in government and academia. Founded in 1794 and reorganised by Napoleon, ENS has two main sections (literary and scientific) and a highly competitive selection process consisting of written and oral examinations. During their studies, many ENS students hold the status of paid civil servants.The principal goal of ENS is the training of professors, researchers and public administrators. Among its alumni there are 14 Nobel Prize laureates including 8 in Physics (ENS has the highest proportion of Nobel laureates among its alumni of any institution worldwide), 12 Fields Medalists (the most of any university in the world), more than half the recipients of the CNRS's Gold Medal (France's highest scientific prize), several hundred members of the Institut de France, and scores of politicians and statesmen. The school has achieved particular recognition in the fields of mathematics and physics as one of France's foremost scientific training grounds, along with notability in the human sciences as the spiritual birthplace of authors such as Julien Gracq, Jean Giraudoux, Assia Djebar, and Charles P\u00e9guy, philosophers such as Henri Bergson, Jean-Paul Sartre, Louis Althusser, Simone Weil, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Alain Badiou, social scientists such as \u00c9mile Durkheim, Raymond Aron, and Pierre Bourdieu, and \"French theorists\" such as Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida. The school's students are often referred to as normaliens.\nThe ENS is a grande \u00e9cole and, as such, is not part of the mainstream university system, although it maintains extensive connections with it. The vast majority of the academic staff hosted at ENS belong to external academic institutions such as the CNRS, the EHESS and the University of Paris. This mechanism for constant scientific turnover allows ENS to benefit from a continuous stream of researchers in all fields. ENS full professorships are rare and competitive. Generalistic in its recruitment and organisation, the ENS is the only grande \u00e9cole in France to have departments of research in all the natural, social, and human sciences. Its status as one of the foremost centres of French research has led to its model being replicated elsewhere, in France (at the ENSes of Lyon, Paris-Saclay, and Rennes), in Italy (at the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa), in Romania, in China and in former French colonies such as Morocco, Mali, Mauritania, and Cameroon.", "Q69858": "Schwadernau is a municipality in the Biel/Bienne administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q176028": "Martin Benjamin Benson (10 August 1918 \u2013 28 February 2010) was a British character actor, who appeared in films, theatre and television. He appeared in both British and Hollywood productions.", "Q329580": "Ronald John Allen (16 December 1930 \u2013 18 June 1991) was an English character actor who became a soap opera star.", "Q522856": "Kate Micucci ( mi-KOO-chee; born March 31, 1980) is an American actress, voice actress, comedian, singer, and songwriter who is half of the musical comedy duo Garfunkel and Oates. Some of her well-known roles include Stephanie Gooch in Scrubs, Shelley in Raising Hope, Lucy in The Big Bang Theory, Sadie Miller in Steven Universe, Sara Murphy in Milo Murphy's Law, Daisy in Nature Cat, Clayface in The Lego Batman Movie, Velma Dinkley in Scooby-Doo, Webby Vanderquack in DuckTales, and Dr. Fox in Unikitty!.", "Q3134673": "Herv\u00e9 de Lyrot (26 May 1885 - 21 June 1956) was a French banker and politician, descended from Fran\u00e7ois de Lyrot de La Patouill\u00e8re.\nDuring World War II he chose to go into exile in England and the United States rather than remain in Vichy France.\nLeon Herv\u00e9 Charles de Lyrot was born on 26 May 1885 in Montmorency, Val-d'Oise. He inherited the title of Count.\nHe made his career in banking. \nHerv\u00e9 de Lyrot married Emilie De Villahermose.\nHis wife was the daughter of Auguste Dreyfus, who had made his fortune in the Peruvian guano trade, and Luisa Gonzales Obregon, marquise de Villa Hermosa.\nTheir son, Count Alain Herve de Lyrot, was a reporter and correspondent for the New York Herald Tribune, spokesman for the French Ministry of Information, and then held various jobs related to publication.\nIn 1930 Herv\u00e9 de Lyrot founded a chair of French at the Catholic University of Lima.Herv\u00e9 de Lyrot entered politics in 1932, when he ran for parliament on an anti-cartelist Republican platform and was elected in the second round as deputy for Ille-et-Vilaine.\nHe was reelected to the same seat in 1936 as the Republican and National Union candidate. He supported improving communications and cultural relations between France and various South American republics. \nHe supported improvements to inland waterways in the north and east of France, and electrification of rural communities. \nHe was strongly in favor of giving women the vote, helping organize sessions and present the case for women's suffrage in parliament.Herv\u00e9 de Lyrot was absent at the 10 July 1940 vote by the Vichy Congress on giving Marshal P\u00e9tain the powers he had demanded.\nHe was concerned about racist threats against his wife, who was of Jewish origin. \nHe and his fellow deputy Henri de K\u00e9rillis flew in Herv\u00e9 de Lyot's plane from Bordeaux to Jersey, \nfrom where the English took them to Exeter on 15 June 1940.\nHe was in the United States in September 1942, when he signed a letter sent to General Charles de Gaulle by five members of the French parliament.\nThe other signatories were Kerillis, Pierre Mend\u00e8s France, \u00c9douard Jonas and Pierre Cot.\nHe left parliament in 1942, and did not seek reelection after France was liberated.Herv\u00e9 de Lyrot died in the 16th arrondissement of Paris on 21 June 1956 at the age of 71.", "Q437297": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Caffarel F\u00e1bregas (10 November 1919 \u2013 6 November 1999) was a Spanish film actor. He appeared in more than 170 films between 1957 and 1998. He was born in Barcelona and died in Madrid, Spain\n\n", "Q2962610": "Chen Zhen (Chinese: \u9648\u7bb4; 1955 \u2013 13 December 2000) was a Chinese-French conceptual artist known for his large-scale sculptures and installations such as La Danse de la fontaine \u00e9mergente in Paris. He is recognized as one of the most important Chinese artists since the 1990s.Born in Shanghai and educated in Shanghai and Paris, Chen suffered from autoimmune hemolytic anemia and died at age 45. He was the brother of Chen Zhu, a vice chairman of the National People's Congress of China.", "Q109824": "Erich Hallhuber (July 14, 1951 \u2013 September 17, 2003) was a Bavarian actor. He was born in Munich and worked in theatre, opera, television and film.", "Q309888": "Joseph Antonio Cartagena (born August 19, 1970), better known by his stage name Fat Joe, is an American rapper and actor from the Bronx, New York. He began his music career as a member of hip hop group Diggin' in the Crates Crew (D.I.T.C.), then forged a solo career and set up his own label, Terror Squad, to which he signed Big Pun, Remy Ma, Tony Sunshine, Cuban Link, Armageddon, Prospect, Triple Seis, and DJ Khaled as well as discover producers Cool & Dre.\nFat Joe's debut solo album, Represent, was released in 1993 and spawned the single \"Flow Joe\", which reached number one on the Billboard Hot Rap Songs. His most commercially successful album to date was Jealous Ones Still Envy (J.O.S.E.) (2001); it was certified platinum by the RIAA and internationally certified silver by the BPI, as well as reaching the top 100 on multiple music charts.\nHe is best known for the songs \"Lean Back\" with Terror Squad, \"What's Luv?\" featuring Ashanti & Ja Rule, \"Make It Rain\" featuring Lil Wayne, and \"All the Way Up\" with Remy Ma featuring French Montana and Dre.\nFat Joe has appeared in several films, including Scary Movie 3 and Happy Feet, as well as Spike Lee's Netflix series She\u2019s Gotta Have It.In 2018 he began hosting a podcast on Tidal, Coca Vision, where he discusses music, friendships, and pop culture with some of the industry's most entertaining voices. His album Family Ties was released in December 2019.\n\n", "Q262783": "The Farmer's Daughter is a 1947 American comedy film that tells the story of a farmgirl who ends up working as a maid for a Congressman and his politically powerful mother. It stars Loretta Young, Joseph Cotten, Ethel Barrymore, and Charles Bickford, and was adapted by Allen Rivkin and Laura Kerr from the Finnish play Juurakon Hulda by Hella Wuolijoki, using the pen name Juhani Tervap\u00e4\u00e4 (misspelled in the film's credits as Juhni Tervataa). It was directed by H.C. Potter.\nThe film won the Academy Award for Best Actress for Loretta Young and was nominated for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Charles Bickford. Young's win was considered an upset; everyone had expected Rosalind Russell to win for her Lavinia in Mourning Becomes Electra.\nIn 1963, a television series based on the film was produced, starring Inger Stevens, Cathleen Nesbitt and William Windom.\n\n", "Q17278068": "Mamamoo (Korean: \ub9c8\ub9c8\ubb34), most often stylized as MAMAMOO, is a South Korean girl group formed by RBW (formerly WA Entertainment) in 2014. The group officially debuted on June 18, 2014, with the single \"Mr. Ambiguous\". Their debut was considered by some critics as one of the best K-pop debuts of 2014. They are recognized for their retro, jazz, R&B concepts and their strong vocal performances.\n\n", "Q55179": "Pablo Emilio Madero Belden (August 3, 1921 in San Pedro, Coahuila \u2013 March 16, 2007 Monterrey, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico) was a Mexican politician. He was the 13th president of the National Action Party (PAN, 1984\u20131987) and former presidential candidate who represented both the PAN and the extinct Mexican Democratic Party (in Spanish: Partido Dem\u00f3crata Mexicano, PDM).\nPablo Emilio Madero Belden was the son of General Emilio Madero Gonz\u00e1lez and Mercedes Belden Guti\u00e9rrez. He graduated as a chemical engineer from the National Autonomous University of Mexico in 1945 as a Sugar and Oil specialist. Six years earlier, in 1939, he had joined the National Action Party (PAN) on December 6, 1939 as a youth group member, an institution he represented twice in the Chamber of Deputies and presided both locally and nationally before leaving it in the early 1990s. He was Vice-President of the National Transformation Industry Chamber (CANACINTRA) and President of the Glass Producers Association of Latin America, among other charges.\nIn 1994, he became a presidential candidate of Mexican Democratic Party but he lost with 97,935 votes or 0.28% of the total votes.\nMadero Belden was married to Norma Morelos Zaragoza Luquin, with whom he had eight children: Norma Alicia, Pablo, Marcela, Leticia, Mercedes, M\u00f3nica, Guillermo and Jorge.\nIn 2007 Pablo Emilio Madero died at the age of 85, in Monterrey, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico.", "Q128626": "Louis Stephen St. Laurent (Saint-Laurent or St-Laurent in French, baptized Louis-\u00c9tienne St-Laurent; 1 February 1882 \u2013 25 July 1973) was a Canadian politician who served as the 12th prime minister of Canada, from 15 November 1948 to 21 June 1957. He was a Liberal with a strong base in the Catholic francophone community, from which base he had long mobilised support to Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. St. Laurent was an enthusiastic proponent of Canada's joining NATO in 1949 to fight the spread of Communism, overcoming opposition from some intellectuals, the Labor-Progressive Party, and many French Canadians. The contrast with Mackenzie King was not dramatic \u2013 they agreed on most policies. St. Laurent had more hatred of communism, and less fear of the United States. He was neither an idealist nor a bookish intellectual, but an \"eminently moderate, cautious ... man ... and a strong Canadian nationalist\".\n\n", "Q427090": "Go West is a comedy-western film from 1940 released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, starring the Marx Bros. In their tenth film, Groucho, Harpo, and Chico head to the American West and attempt to unite a couple by ensuring that a stolen property deed is retrieved. The film was directed by Edward Buzzell and written by Irving Brecher, who receives the original screenplay credit.", "Q589579": "The Writers' Union of Romania (Romanian: Uniunea Scriitorilor din Rom\u00e2nia), founded in March 1949, is a professional association of writers in Romania. It also has a subsidiary in Chi\u015fin\u0103u, Republic of Moldova. The Writers' Union of Romania was created by the communist regime by taking over the former Romanian Writers' Society (Societatea Scriitorilor Rom\u00e2ni), which had been established in 1908.\nThe Union organizes the annual Days and Nights of Literature Festival, and the awarding of the prestigious Ovid Prize for Literature.", "Q7718": "Ski jumping is a winter sport in which competitors aim to achieve the longest jump after descending from a specially designed ramp on their skis. Along with jump length, competitor's style and other factors affect the final score. Ski jumping was first contested in Norway in the late 19th century, and later spread through Europe and North America in the early 20th century. Along with cross-country skiing, it constitutes the traditional group of Nordic skiing disciplines.\nThe ski jumping venue, commonly referred to as a hill, consists of the jumping ramp (in-run), take-off table, and a landing hill. Each jump is evaluated according to the distance traveled and the style performed. The distance score is related to the construction point (also known as the K-point), which is a line drawn in the landing area and serves as a \"target\" for the competitors to reach. The score of each judge evaluating the style can reach a maximum of 20 points. The jumping technique has evolved over the years, from jumps with the parallel skis with both arms pointing forwards, to the \"V-style\", which is widely used today.\nSki jumping has been included at the Winter Olympics since 1924 and at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships since 1925. Women's participation in the sport began in the 1990s, while the first women's event at the Olympics has been held in 2014. All major ski jumping competitions are organised by the International Ski Federation. Stefan Kraft holds the official record for the world's longest ski jump with 253.5 metres (832 ft), set on the ski flying hill in Vikersund in 2017. Ski jumping can also be performed in the summer on an in-run where the tracks are made from porcelain and the grass on the slope is covered with water-soaked plastic. The highest level summer competition is the FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix, contested since 1994.\n\n", "Q319457": "The Free-minded People's Party (German: Freisinnige Volkspartei) or Radical People's Party was a social liberal party in the German Empire, founded as a result of the split of the German Free-minded Party in 1893. One of its most notable members was Eugen Richter, who was party leader from 1893 to 1906. The party advocated liberalism, social progressivism and parliamentarism.\nOn 6 March 1910, the party merged with the Free-minded Union and the German People's Party to form the Progressive People's Party.", "Q62919": "Alice Schwarzer (born 3 December 1942 in Wuppertal) is a German journalist and prominent contemporary feminist. She is founder and publisher of the German feminist journal EMMA, and a columnist of Germany's best-selling tabloid Bild.\nIn July 2016, Schwarzer was convicted of tax fraud by the Amtsgericht Cologne; in the course of the case, which began in 2013, it was revealed that, since the 1980s, she had failed to pay taxes on approximately 4 million euros that she had accumulated in a Swiss bank account.", "Q90557": "Johannes Fiebag (1956\u20131999) was a German writer.", "Q14657": "Vyborg (Russian: \u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0433, IPA: [\u02c8v\u0268b\u0259rk]; Finnish: Viipuri [\u02c8\u028bi\u02d0puri]; Swedish: Viborg [\u02c8v\u01d0\u02d0b\u0254rj] (listen); German: Wiborg [\u02c8vi\u02d0b\u0254\u0281k]) is a town in, and the administrative center of, Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of the Vyborg Bay, 130 km (81 miles) to the northwest of St. Petersburg and 38 km (24 miles) south of Russia's border with Finland, where the Saimaa Canal enters the Gulf of Finland. The population of Vyborg has developed as follows: 79,962\u2009(2010 Census); 79,224\u2009(2002 Census); 80,924\u2009(1989 Census)..\nLocated in the boundary zone between the East Slavic/Russian and Finnish worlds, the town has changed hands several times in history, most recently in 1944 when the Soviet Union captured it from Finland during World War II.\nThe city hosts the Russian end of the 1,222 km (759 mi) Nord Stream gas pipeline, laid in 2011 and operated by a consortium led by Russia's Gazprom state hydrocarbons enterprise to pump 55 billion cubic meters (1.9 trillion cubic feet) of natural gas a year under the Baltic to Greifswald, Germany.", "Q382677": "Kazuhide Uekusa (\u690d\u8349 \u4e00\u79c0, Uekusa Kazuhide, born December 18, 1960) is a Japanese economist, economic analyst, former senior economist at Nomura Research Institute, and chairman of the Three-Nations Research Institute. He was arrested in 2004 and 2006 for sex offences.\n\n", "Q214601": "David John Tennant (n\u00e9 McDonald; born 18 April 1971) is a Scottish actor. He played the roles of the tenth incarnation of The Doctor in the BBC sci-fi series Doctor Who (2005\u20132010), Giacomo Casanova in the BBC comedy-drama serial Casanova (2005), Hamlet in the RSC's 2009 adaptation of Hamlet (2009), Barty Crouch, Jr. in the fantasy film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005), DI Alec Hardy in the ITV crime drama series Broadchurch (2013\u20132017), and Kilgrave in the Netflix superhero series Jessica Jones (2015\u20132019).\nTennant has also worked extensively as a voice actor and in theatre, including a portrayal of the title character in a 2008 production of Hamlet and the voice of Scrooge McDuck in DuckTales (2017\u2013present). In 2015, he received the National Television Award for Special Recognition.", "Q310315": "Irving Rameses Rhames (born May 12, 1959) is an American stage and screen actor. He is best known for his starring role as Luther Stickell in the Mission: Impossible film series and his supporting role as gang kingpin Marsellus Wallace in Pulp Fiction. He also appeared in Jacob's Ladder (1990), Dave (1993), Striptease (1996), Don King: Only in America (1997), Rosewood (1997), Con Air (1997), Bringing Out the Dead (1999), Baby Boy (2001), Dawn of the Dead (2004), Day of the Dead (2008), Piranha 3D (2010), and Father Figures (2017). He voiced Cobra Bubbles in the animated film Lilo & Stitch (2002). Rhames is a Golden Globe Award winner, as well as an Emmy Award and Screen Actors Guild Award nominee.", "Q96126": "Felix Scheffler (February 9, 1915 in Hamburg, Germany \u2013 March 13, 1986 Rostock, Germany), was a World War II Wehrmacht veteran, Konteradmiral, and first Chief of the East German People's Navy (Volksmarine).", "Q163357": "Carlos \u00c1lvarez-N\u00f3voa S\u00e1nchez (1940 in La Felguera \u2013 23 September 2015) was a Spanish theatre director, writer, actor and lecturer. He won the 2000 Goya award for Best New Actor for his performance as Vecino in Solas.In 2012 he played Tiberio Lucio Varo in Imperium. In 2015 she played Leonardo da Vinci in Carlos, rey emperador. He died on 23 September 2015 from lung cancer at the age of 75.", "Q3178479": "The Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal), originally called Liberal Fusionist Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal-Fusionista, PLF) until 1885, was a Spanish political party created in 1880 by Pr\u00e1xedes Mateo Sagasta. With the Conservative Party of Antonio C\u00e1novas del Castillo, it formed a bipartite system of alternating governments (the turno system) that characterised the Spanish Restoration during the final part of the 19th century and the start of the 20th century.It combined republicans who did not accept the new law reflected in the Constitution of 1876 as well as monarchists, members of the Constitutional Party of general Francisco Serrano, of the Partido Radical of Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla, the \u201cposibilistas\u201d of Emilio Castelar and other military groupings.\nIts political programme included achieving universal male suffrage\u2014achieved in 1890\u2014, liberty of religious association and the separation of powers. Although it could be classified as a dynastic party, it included at the start of the 20th century some politicians who would later be banned from the military as Republicans, such as Niceto Alcal\u00e1 Zamora.\nThe system of political alternation characterising the Restoration began when C\u00e1novas ceded power to Sagasta and he formed the first government of 8 February 1881, beginning the first stage of the system that would see three liberal governments (two headed by Sagasta and one by Jos\u00e9 Posada).\nThe second stage began when the system was institutionalized and endorsed in 1885 when both parties signed the Pact of El Pardo which established that both parties would alternate in power after the death of Alfonso XII of Spain, which was guaranteed by the caciques networks with which both parties were involved right across Spain. This pact kept out of power radical ideologies like anarchism, socialism and republicanism which could threaten the monarchic regime.\n1898 saw the first split in the Liberal Party when Germ\u00e1n Gamazo abandoned the party, leading a breakaway group which ended up merging with the Partido Conservador. After Sagasta's death in 1903 a leadership contest occurred between Eugenio Montero R\u00edos and Segismundo Moret, which eventually led to Jos\u00e9 Canalejas leading the party. He tried to reform it and bring it closer to the reality of the country, but his attempts to evolve the party were cut short by his murder in 1912. That murder also reopened a leadership struggle between two new protagonists, the Conde de Romanones and Manuel Garc\u00eda Prieto. This led the party into a deep crisis, coinciding with the disintegration of the political system in which it had played a major part. That disintegration ended in 1931 with the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera and finally the monarchy of Alfonso XIII of Spain.", "Q135111": "Admiral Vere Beauclerk, 1st Baron Vere (14 July 1699 \u2013 21 October 1781), known as Lord Vere Beauclerk until 1750, was a Royal Navy officer, British peer and politician who sat in the House of Commons for 24 years from 1726 to 1750. After serving various ships in the Mediterranean and then commanding the third-rate HMS Hampton Court, he joined the Board of Admiralty, ultimately serving as Senior Naval Lord.", "Q6210809": "Joe Lyons Kincheloe (December 14, 1950 \u2013 December 19, 2008) was a professor and Canada Research Chair at the Faculty of Education, McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada and founder of The Paulo and Nita Freire International Project for Critical Pedagogy. He wrote more than 45 books, numerous book chapters, and hundreds of journal articles on issues including critical pedagogy, educational research, urban studies, cognition, curriculum, and cultural studies. Kincheloe received three graduate degrees from the University of Tennessee. The father of four children, he worked closely for the last 19 years of his life with his partner, Shirley R. Steinberg.", "Q282105": "Bogumi\u0142 Kobiela (31 May 1931 \u2013 10 July 1969) was a Polish stage and film actor. He was an actor of Wybrze\u017ce Theatre, Ateneum Theatre in Warsaw, Komedia Theatre in Warsaw, Bim-Bom student theatre, Kabaret Wagabunda and Kabaret Dudek. He suffered serious injuries in a car crash on 2 July 1969 in Buszkowo. He died eight days later in hospital in Gda\u0144sk.", "Q932772": "Marek Tadeusz Kuchci\u0144ski (born 9 August 1955) is a member of the Sejm of Poland, first elected in 2001. Before 2015, he served the parliament as one of the Deputy Marshals of the Sejm, nominated by the Law and Justice club, and also as the Parliamentary Caucus Head of the above-mentioned party. From 2015 to 2019, when his party possessed the majority of seats in both houses, he held the office of Marshal of the Sejm.", "Q173144": "Agneta \u00c5se F\u00e4ltskog (born 5 April 1950), better known as Agnetha F\u00e4ltskog (Swedish pronunciation: [a\u014b\u02c8n\u00ea\u02d0ta \u02c8f\u025b\u0302ltsku\u02d0\u0261] (listen)), is a Swedish singer, songwriter, musician and actress. She achieved success in Sweden after the release of her debut album Agnetha F\u00e4ltskog in 1968, and reached international stardom as a member of the pop group ABBA, which has sold over 380 million albums and singles worldwide, making them one of the best-selling music artists in history.After the break-up of ABBA, F\u00e4ltskog found success with three albums and a leading role in a movie as a solo artist in the 1980s, though she became more solitary in the 1990s, avoiding outside publicity and residing on the Stockholm County island of Eker\u00f6. F\u00e4ltskog stopped recording music for almost 17 years until she released a new album in 2004. She returned again in 2013 with A, her highest UK charting solo album to date.", "Q164438": "Tasker Lowndes Oddie (October 20, 1870 \u2013 February 17, 1950) was an American politician. He was the 12th Governor of Nevada and a United States Senator. He was a member of the Republican Party.", "Q46677": "Melissa Marie Benoist (; born October 4, 1988) is an American actress and singer. She has performed on stage and in television and film. She is known for her portrayal of the titular character in the CBS/CW DC Comics\u2013based superhero drama series Supergirl (2015\u2013present).\nBenoist rose to prominence for her portrayal of Marley Rose on the Fox musical comedy-drama television series Glee (2013\u20132014). She appeared in films such as Whiplash (2014), Danny Collins (2015), The Longest Ride (2015), Patriots Day (2016), Lowriders (2016), and Sun Dogs (2017), and she portrayed David Koresh's wife Rachel Jones in the miniseries Waco (2018).\nOn stage, Benoist made her Broadway debut in 2018 as Carole King in the jukebox musical Beautiful: The Carole King Musical.\n\n", "Q389722": "Anton Fig (born 8 August 1952 in Cape Town, South Africa), known as \"The Thunder from Down Under\", is a South African session drummer, perhaps best-known as the drummer and second-in-command for Paul Shaffer and the World's Most Dangerous Band. David Letterman, for whom the band served as house band on his late-night talk shows, often referred to Fig as \"Anton Zip\" or \"Buddy Rich Jr.\" Fig is also well-known for his work with Kiss and Ace Frehley.", "Q50015": "Claremont Graduate University (CGU) is a private, all-graduate research university in Claremont, California. Founded in 1925, CGU is a member of the Claremont Colleges which includes five undergraduate (Pomona College, Claremont McKenna College, Harvey Mudd College, Scripps College, Pitzer College) and two graduate (CGU and Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences) institutions of higher education.\nThe university is organized into seven separate units: the School of Arts & Humanities; School of Community & Global Health; Drucker School of Management; School of Educational Studies; the School of Social Science, Policy, & Evaluation; the Center for Information Systems & Technology; and the Institute of Mathematical Sciences.", "Q240250": "Joanne Dru (born Joan Letitia LaCock, January 31, 1922 \u2013 September 10, 1996) was an American film and television actress, known for such films as Red River, She Wore a Yellow Ribbon, and All the King's Men.", "Q2117397": "Pye Records was a British record label. Its best known artists were Lonnie Donegan (1956\u20131969), Petula Clark (1957\u20131971), The Searchers (1963\u20131967), The Kinks (1964\u20131971), Sandie Shaw (1964\u20131971), Status Quo (1968\u20131971) and Brotherhood of Man (1975\u20131979). The label changed its name to PRT Records in 1980, before being briefly reactivated as Pye Records in 2006.", "Q2678279": "Edward John China (born 9 May 1971) is an English television presenter, mechanic, motor specialist and inventor, best known as being presenter and mechanic on Discovery Channel's television show Wheeler Dealers. He has also appeared on Top Gear, Auto Trader, Scrapheap Challenge and Fifth Gear.", "Q58449": "Anja Rupel (born 19 March 1966) is a Slovene pop singer, songwriter, radio announcer, and journalist. Her father, Fedja Rupel, is a flautist and a professor at the Academy of Music in Ljubljana, and her uncle is the politician and diplomat Dimitrij Rupel.\nRupel has been involved in music since childhood. She played the flute for over ten years. In 1982, she began to perform as lead vocalist with the prominent synthpop group Videosex, which became very popular in the former Yugoslavia. The group recorded four albums. Their debut album, Videosex 84 appeared in 1983 and they played with bands such as Ekatarina Velika and Otroci Socializma in Belgrade. The group broke up in 1992.\nRupel then went on to her solo career and, in 1994 she recorded her first album Odpri o\u010di (Open Your Eyes). For a while, she performed with the internationally prominent industrial/techno group Laibach from Trbovlje, Slovenia. In 1988, she sang The Beatles' anthem, Across the Universe and was the first Slovene to be featured on MTV. She is now recording new album in cooperation with the Slovene musician Rudi \u0160tigel.\nShe also performed in the 1987 film Hudodelci (The Felons) directed by Franci Slak, and in several other films.\nOn 11 October 2000, she gave birth to a daughter named Luna. She is with a musician and singer Ale\u0161 Klinar who was a leader of a folk-pop group Agropop.\n\n", "Q739570": "Nena (German: [\u02c8ne\u02d0na]) was a German Neue Deutsche Welle band. In 1983 and 1984, their German-language song \"99 Luftballons\" (and its English version, \"99 Red Balloons\") reached number one in the singles charts of countries around the world.", "Q162049": "Charlottenburg (German: [\u0283a\u0281\u02c8l\u0254tn\u0329b\u028a\u0281k] (listen)) is an affluent locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Established as a town in 1705 and named after late Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen consort of Prussia, it is best known for Charlottenburg Palace, the largest surviving royal palace in Berlin, and the adjacent museums.\nCharlottenburg was an independent city to the west of Berlin until 1920 when it was incorporated into \"Gro\u00df-Berlin\" (Greater Berlin) and transformed into a borough. In the course of Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was merged with the former borough of Wilmersdorf becoming a part of a new borough called Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Later, in 2004, the new borough's districts were rearranged, dividing the former borough of Charlottenburg into the localities of Charlottenburg proper, Westend and Charlottenburg-Nord.", "Q216016": "Nahum Goldmann (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d3\u05de\u05df) (July 10, 1895 \u2013 August 29, 1982) was a leading Zionist and the founder and longtime president of the World Jewish Congress.", "Q175535": "Matthew Paige Damon (; born October 8, 1970) is an American actor, film producer and screenwriter. He is ranked among Forbes magazine's most bankable stars and is one of the highest-grossing actors of all time. Damon has received various accolades, including an Academy Award from five nominations, two Golden Globe Awards from eight nominations, and has been nominated for three British Academy Film Awards and seven Emmy Awards.\nBorn and raised in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Damon began his acting career by appearing in high school theater productions. He made his professional acting debut in the film Mystic Pizza (1988). He came to prominence in 1997, when he wrote and starred in Good Will Hunting, alongside Ben Affleck, which won them the Academy and Golden Globe awards for Best Screenplay and earned Damon a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. He continued to garner praise from critics for his roles as the eponymous character in Saving Private Ryan (1998), the antihero in The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), a fallen angel in Dogma (1999) and Jay and Silent Bob Reboot (2019), an energy analyst in Syriana (2005), and a corrupt Irish-American police officer in The Departed (2006). In 2019 he starred as race car driver and designer Carroll Shelby in James Mangold's Ford v Ferrari.\nDamon is also known for his starring roles as Jason Bourne in the Bourne franchise (2002\u20132016) and as a con man in the Ocean's trilogy (2001\u20132007). For his supporting role as the rugby player Francois Pienaar in Invictus (2009) and his leading role as an astronaut stranded on Mars in The Martian (2015), Damon received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor and Best Actor, respectively. The latter also won him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. Damon has received Emmy Award nominations for his portrayal of Scott Thorson in the biopic Behind the Candelabra (2013) and for producing the reality series Project Greenlight. He also received an Academy Award nomination for producing Manchester by the Sea (2016).\nIn addition to acting in films, Damon has performed voice-over work in both animated and documentary films and has established two production companies with Affleck. He has been involved in charitable work, including One Campaign, H2O Africa Foundation, Feeding America, and Water.org. Damon is married to Luciana Boz\u00e1n Barroso, and they have four daughters together.", "Q768059": "John Diamond (10 May 1953 \u2013 2 March 2001) was an English journalist and broadcaster. He was married to food writer and TV cook Nigella Lawson from 1992 until his death from cancer in 2001.", "Q155183": "Captain Konstantin Sergeyevich Badygin (or Badigin, Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d; 30 November 1910 \u2013 15 March 1984) was a Soviet naval officer, explorer, author, and scientist.\n\n", "Q247259": "Dexys Midnight Runners (currently officially Dexys, their former nickname, styled without an apostrophe) are an English pop band with soul influences from Birmingham, who achieved major commercial success in the early to mid-1980s. They are best known in the UK for their songs \"Come On Eileen\" and \"Geno\", both of which peaked at No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart, as well as six other top-20 singles. \"Come On Eileen\" also topped the US Billboard Hot 100, and with extensive airplay on MTV they are associated with the Second British Invasion.During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Dexys went through numerous personnel changes over the course of three albums and 13 singles, with only singer/songwriter/co-founder Kevin Rowland remaining in the band through all of the transitions and only Rowland and \"Big\" Jim Paterson (trombone) appearing on all of the albums. By 1985, the band consisted only of Rowland and long-standing members Helen O'Hara (violin) and Billy Adams (guitar). The band broke up in 1987, with Rowland becoming a solo artist. After two failed restart attempts, Dexys was reformed by Rowland in 2003 with new members, as well as a few returning members from the band's original lineup (known as Dexys Mark I). Dexys released their fourth album in 2012 and a fifth followed in 2016.", "Q71965": "Ulrich Schmidl or Schmidel (1510 in Straubing - 1579 in Regensburg) was a German Landsknecht, conquistador, explorer, chronicler and councilman. Schmidl was, beside Hans Staden, one of the few Landsknechts who wrote down their experiences.", "Q165040": "The Duchy of Parma is a noble estate and title created in Italy in 1545. Originally a title of the Farnese family, in 1731, the Duchy passed to the Habsburgs and in 1748 to the Bourbons. The title is now held by a branch of the Bourbon-Parma family that are cousins of the monarch of the Netherlands.", "Q49222": "Chesapeake is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 222,209; in 2018, the population was estimated to be 242,634, making it the third-most populous city in Virginia.\nChesapeake is included in the Virginia Beach\u2013Norfolk\u2013Newport News, VA\u2013NC MSA. One of the cities in the South Hampton Roads, Chesapeake was organized in 1963 by voter referendums approving the political consolidation of the city of South Norfolk with the remnants of the former Norfolk County, which dated to 1691. (Much of the territory of the county had been annexed by other cities.) Chesapeake is the second-largest city by land area in the Commonwealth of Virginia, and the 17th-largest in the United States.\nChesapeake is a diverse city in which a few urban areas are located; it also has many square miles of protected farmland, forests, and wetlands, including a substantial portion of the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. Extending from the rural border with North Carolina to the harbor area of Hampton Roads adjacent to the cities of Norfolk, Portsmouth, Suffolk, and Virginia Beach, Chesapeake is located on the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. It has miles of waterfront industrial, commercial and residential property.\nIn 2011, Chesapeake was named the 21st best city in the United States by Bloomberg Businessweek. Chesapeake is home to the international Headquarters for Dollar Tree.", "Q836500": "Rexhep Mitrovica (15 January 1888 \u2013 21 May 1967) was a Prime Minister of Albania's government under Nazi Germany. A staunch nationalist, he was elected head of the Second League of Prizren.", "Q256354": "Vera Mikhailovna Inber, born Shpenzer, Russian: \u0412\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0301\u043d\u0431\u0435\u0440 (July 10, 1890, Odessa, Russian Empire \u2013 November 11, 1972, Moscow, Soviet Union) was a Russian-Soviet poet and writer.", "Q1297719": "The French Moralists (French, les moralistes) were those writers continuing a tradition in French literature, originating in Michel de Montaigne's Essays, concerned with the description of the moral character of humanity and with providing prescriptive rules, embodied as maxims, to guide living well.Many famous French stylists were moralists and the French moralists are perhaps the largest coherent group of writers of aphorisms in the Western literary tradition.", "Q60868": "Armen Ayvazyan (Armenian: \u0531\u0580\u0574\u0565\u0576 \u0531\u0575\u057e\u0561\u0566\u0575\u0561\u0576) (born May 14, 1964, Yerevan) is an Armenian historian and political scientist.\nAyvazyan is the Director of the Ararat Center for Strategic Research and Senior Researcher in the Matenadaran, the Yerevan Institute of Medieval Manuscripts. He holds doctoral degrees in History (1992) and Political Science (2004).\nFrom 1992 to 1994 he worked as Assistant to the President of Armenia, Adviser to the Foreign Minister of Armenia, and Acting Head of the Armenian Delegation to the Conference (now Organization) on Security and Cooperation in Europe at Vienna.\nHe was a recipient of an International Security Studies grant provided by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, working in affiliation with the Program on the Analysis and Resolution of Conflicts, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University (1995). During the 1997-1998 academic year, he was a Visiting Senior Fulbright Scholar, affiliated with the Center for Russian and East European Studies, Stanford University, USA. He was a Visiting Alexander S. Onassis Foundation Fellow at ELIAMEP, Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (2000\u20132001, Athens).\nAyvazyan worked as Adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science at the American University of Armenia, a Fellow at the American University of Armenia's Center for Policy Analysis, Guest Lecturer at the Yerevan State University and Professor of Political Science of the Armenian State Academy of Governance. He was Team Leader of the European Commission's sponsored Campaign Against \"Corruption-Friendly\" Legal and Social Settings in Armenia program in 2004-2005.", "Q292470": "Isis King (born October 1, 1985) is an American model, actress, and fashion designer. She plays the role of Marci Wise in the Netflix series When They See Us (2019). She was a contestant on both the eleventh cycle and the seventeenth cycle of the reality television show America's Next Top Model. She was the first trans woman to compete on the show, and became one of the most visible transgender people on television.", "Q335803": "John Olav Kerr, Baron Kerr of Kinlochard (born 22 February 1942), is a Scottish politician and former diplomat, now Deputy Chairman of Scottish Power and a crossbench member of the House of Lords. He was a member of the European Convention that first drafted what became Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, which came into force in December 2009.", "Q630226": "University of the Pacific (Pacific or UOP) is a private Methodist-affiliated university with campuses in Sacramento, San Francisco, and Stockton, California. It is the oldest chartered university in California, the first independent coeducational campus in California, and both the first conservatory of music and first medical school on the West Coast.\nUOP was first chartered on July 10, 1851, in Santa Clara, California, under the name California Wesleyan College. The school moved to San Jose in 1871 and then to Stockton 97 years ago in 1923. Pacific is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC). In addition to its liberal arts college and graduate school, Pacific has schools of business, dentistry, education, engineering, international studies, law, music, pharmacy, and health sciences.\nIt has extensive collections pertaining to jazz musician and alumnus Dave Brubeck, who in 1953 released the live album Jazz at the College of the Pacific. It is also home to the papers of environmental pioneer John Muir.", "Q87995": "Karl Friedrich Plattner (2 January 1800 \u2013 22 January 1858) was a German metallurgical chemist.\nHe was born at Kleinwaltersdorf, near Freiberg in the Electorate of Saxony, on 2 January 1800. His father, though only a poor working miner, found the means to have him educated first at the Bergschule (mining school) and then at the Bergakademie of Freiberg. After he had completed his courses there in 1820 he obtained employment, chiefly as an assayer, in connexion with the royal mines and metal works. Having taken up the idea of quantitative mouth blowpipe assaying, which was then almost unknown, he succeeded in devising dependable methods for all the ordinary useful metals. In particular his modes of assaying for nickel and cobalt quickly found favour with metallurgists. He also devoted himself to the improvement of qualitative blowpipe analysis, and summed up his experience in a treatise Die Probierkunst mit dem L\u00f6throhr (1835), which became a standard authority.\nIn 1840 he was made chief of the royal department of assaying. Two years later he was deputed to complete a course of lectures on metallurgy at the Bergakademie in place of W. A. Lampadius (1772\u20131842), whom he subsequently succeeded as professor. He died at Freiberg on 22 January 1858.\nIn addition to many memoirs on metallurgical subjects he also published Die metallurgischen Rostprocesse theoretisch betrachtet, and posthumously Vorlesungen \u00fcber allgemeine H\u00fcttenkunde.", "Q296616": "Gabriel James Byrne (born 12 May 1950) is an Irish actor, film director, film producer, writer, cultural ambassador and audiobook narrator. His acting career began in the Focus Theatre before he joined London's Royal Court Theatre in 1979. Byrne's screen debut came in the Irish drama serial The Riordans and the spin-off show Bracken.\nHe has starred in more than 70 films for some of cinema's best known directors. For his Broadway work, he received three Tony nominations for roles in the work of Eugene O'Neill as well as the Outer Critics Circle Award for A touch of the poet. For his television work, Byrne was nominated for three Emmys. For his performance in HBO's American drama In Treatment (2008\u20132010) in the role of Paul Weston, one of his most identifiable roles, he won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for two Emmy Awards and two Satellite Awards.\nHe starred in many films, including: Excalibur (1981), Miller's Crossing (1990), The Usual Suspects (1995), Stigmata (1999), End of Days (1999), Spider (2002), Jindabyne (2006), Vampire Academy (2014), The 33 (2015), and Hereditary (2018), and co-wrote The Last of the High Kings (1996). Byrne has also produced several films, including the Academy Award\u2013nominated In the Name of the Father (1993). In 2019, he starred in a TV series adaptation of War of the Worlds.\nIn 2018, Gabriel Byrne was awarded the Irish Film and Television Academy Lifetime Achievement Award for his contribution to Irish cinema.", "Q204374": "The Help is a 2011 period drama film written and directed by Tate Taylor and based on Kathryn Stockett's 2009 novel of the same name. The film features an ensemble cast, including Jessica Chastain, Viola Davis, Bryce Dallas Howard, Allison Janney, Octavia Spencer and Emma Stone. The film and novel recount the story of a young white woman and aspiring journalist Eugenia \"Skeeter\" Phelan. The story focuses on her relationship with two black maids, Aibileen Clark and Minny Jackson, during the Civil Rights Movement in 1963 Jackson, Mississippi. In an attempt to become a legitimate journalist and writer, Skeeter decides to write a book from the point of view of the maids, exposing the racism they are faced with as they work for white families. Black domestic workers in 1960s America were referred to as \"the help\", hence the title of the journalistic expose, the novel and the film.\nDreamWorks Pictures acquired the screen rights to Stockett's novel in March 2010 and quickly commissioned the film with Chris Columbus, Michael Barnathan, and Brunson Green as producers. The film's casting began later that month, with principal photography following four months after in Mississippi. The film is an international co-production between companies based in the United States, India, and the United Arab Emirates.Touchstone Pictures released The Help worldwide, with a general theatrical release in North America on August 10, 2011. The film was a critical and commercial success, receiving positive reviews and grossing $216 million in worldwide box office. The Help received four Academy Award nominations including Best Picture, Best Actress for Davis, and Best Supporting Actress for both Chastain and Spencer, with the latter winning the award. The film also won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.", "Q44706": "Michael Mahon Hastings (January 28, 1980 \u2013 June 18, 2013) was an American journalist, author, contributing editor to Rolling Stone and reporter for BuzzFeed. He was raised in New York, Canada, and Vermont, and attended New York University. Hastings rose to prominence with his coverage of the Iraq War for Newsweek in the 2000s. After his fianc\u00e9e Andrea Parhamovich was killed in an ambush, Hastings wrote his first book, I Lost My Love in Baghdad: A Modern War Story (2008), a memoir about his relationship with Parhamovich and the insurgency that took her life.He received the George Polk Award for \"The Runaway General\" (2010), a Rolling Stone profile of General Stanley McChrystal, commander of NATO's International Security Assistance Force in the Afghanistan war. The article documented the widespread contempt for civilian government officials exhibited by the general and his staff and ultimately resulted in McChrystal's resignation. Hastings followed up with The Operators (2012), a detailed account of his monthlong stay with McChrystal in Europe and Afghanistan.Hastings became a vocal critic of the Obama administration, Democratic Party, and surveillance state during the 2013 Department of Justice investigations of reporters, referring to restrictions of freedom of the press as a \"war\" on journalism. His last story, \"Why Democrats Love to Spy On Americans\", was published by BuzzFeed on June 7, 2013.Hastings died in an automobile crash on June 18, 2013, in Los Angeles, California. Blue Rider Press published his only novel, The Last Magazine (2014), a year after his death.", "Q23945": "Ana Cristina C\u00e9sar (June 2, 1952 \u2013 October 29, 1983) was a poet, literary critic and translator from Rio de Janeiro. She came from a middle-class Protestant background and was usually known as \"Ana C.\" She had written since childhood and developed a strong interest in English literature. She spent some time in England in 1968 and, on returning to Brazil, she became a published author of note. The 1970s and early 1980s were the peak of her poetic career.\nShe returned to England in 1983. One of the authors she admired was Sylvia Plath. She shared some commonalities with her in temperament and fate. She died in 1983 by jumping out of a window at her parents\u00b4 apartment, in Rio de Janeiro.", "Q722150": "Alexander Borisovich Roshal (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c; (1936-08-26)August 26, 1936, Moscow \u2013 (2007-05-21)May 21, 2007) was a Soviet chess player and journalist, the co-founder and editor of the magazine 64.", "Q862151": "William Grundy (18 May 1923 \u2013 9 February 1993) was an English television presenter and host of Today, a regional news programme broadcast on Thames Television. In the latter role, he earned national infamy for his interview with the Sex Pistols in 1976 during which he contemptuously encouraged a barrage of profanity while supposedly intoxicated on public television. The interview effectively destroyed Grundy's career, elevated the Sex Pistols to notoriety, and signalled the arrival of mainstream punk rock.", "Q3520383": "The Congress is a 2013 live-action/animated science fiction drama film written and directed by Ari Folman, based on Stanis\u0142aw Lem's novel The Futurological Congress. The film premiered at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival on 15 May 2013. Independent film distributor Drafthouse Films announced, along with Films We Like In Toronto, their co-acquisition of the North American rights to the film and a US theatrical and VOD/digital release planned for 2014.", "Q178944": "Gregory Francis \"Greg\" Selinger (born February 16, 1951) is a Canadian former politician who served as the 21st Premier of Manitoba from 2009 until 2016, leading an NDP government. From 1999 to 2009 he was the Minister of Finance in the government of his immediate predecessor, Gary Doer. Selinger was the member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for St. Boniface from 1999 until his resignation in early 2018. His party was defeated by Brian Pallister and the Progressive Conservatives in the 2016 Manitoba general election.\n\n", "Q627969": "The University of Ottawa (French: Universit\u00e9 d'Ottawa), often referred to as uOttawa or U of O, is a bilingual public research university in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The main campus is located on 42.5 hectares (105 acres) in the heart of Ottawa's Downtown Core, adjacent to the residential neighbourhood of Sandy Hill, adjacent to Ottawa's Rideau Canal.The University of Ottawa was first established as the College of Bytown in 1848 by the first bishop of the Catholic Archdiocese of Ottawa, Joseph-Bruno Guigues. Placed under the direction of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, it was renamed the College of Ottawa in 1861 and received university status five years later through a royal charter. On 5 February 1889, the university was granted a pontifical charter by Pope Leo XIII, elevating the institution to a pontifical university. The University was reorganized on July 1, 1965, as a corporation, independent from any outside body or religious organization. As a result, the civil and pontifical charters were kept by the newly created Saint Paul University, federated with the university. The remaining civil faculties were retained by the reorganized university.The University of Ottawa is the largest English-French bilingual university in the world. The university offers a wide variety of academic programs, administered by ten faculties many of which are well-regarded for their quality of education and ranking in respective fields including the University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, the University of Ottawa Faculty of Law (which is noteworthy for offering a dual Civil Law and Common Law degree), the Telfer School of Management, and the University of Ottawa Faculty of Social Sciences. The University of Ottawa Library offers an impressive collection of over 4.5 million titles at 12 different locations. The university is a member of the Canadian U15 group of research-intensive universities, with a research income of C$324.581 million in 2017. The university has an average graduate employment rate of 97 per cent, providing a significant educational, research, and economic benefit to the National Capital Region. In 2018, the secondary school average for admitted applicants to the university was 85.1 per cent.The school is co-educational and enrolls over 35,000 undergraduate and over 6,000 post-graduate students. The school has approximately 7,000 international students from 150 countries, accounting for 17 per cent of the student population. The university has a network of more than 195,000 alumni. The university's athletic teams are known as the Gee-Gees and are members of U Sports.\n\n", "Q367610": "Barefoot in the Park is a 1967 American romantic comedy film starring Jane Fonda and Robert Redford. Based on Neil Simon's 1963 play of the same name, it focuses on newlyweds Corie and Paul Bratter and their adventures living in a minuscule fifth floor walk-up apartment in a Greenwich Village brownstone. Stuffed-shirt Paul is a hard-working young attorney just starting his practice, while spontaneous bride Corie is determined to create a romantic environment in two rooms without heat, a hole in the skylight, and oddball neighbors.\nThe title refers to Corie's lamentation that Paul will not go running barefoot in Washington Square Park with her because of his sober and cautious demeanor. The phrase becomes emblematic of the differences between the two of them, and is made manifest in the film's climactic scene.\nThe film's screenplay was written by Simon. Gene Saks directed Redford, reprising his Broadway role of Paul, and Fonda, who replaced the play's Elizabeth Ashley. Mildred Natwick reprises her stage role as the bride's mother, Charles Boyer is featured as the eccentric upstairs neighbor, and Herb Edelman reprises his stage role as a telephone installer. The lead female role had been offered to Natalie Wood who had already played opposite Redford in two films. Wood declined the offer because she wanted to take time off from acting.\nNatwick was nominated for the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Fonda was nominated for a BAFTA as Best Foreign Actress, and Simon received a nod from the Writers Guild of America.", "Q88495": "Fred Sauer (14 December 1886 \u2013 17 September 1952) was an Austrian actor, film director and screenwriter.", "Q55838": "Stanis\u0142aw Ostrowski (29 October 1892 \u2013 22 November 1982) was a Polish politician, best known for serving as the last Polish Mayor of Lwow and third President of Poland in exile.", "Q110434": "Bogislaw Oskar Adolf F\u00fcrchtegott von Bonin (January 17, 1908, Potsdam \u2013 August 13, 1980, Lehrte near Hannover) was a German Wehrmacht officer and journalist.", "Q182156": "Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0435\u043b \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0436\u043e\u0301\u0432; 27 January 1879 \u2013 3 December 1950) was a Russian writer.\nBazhov is best known for his collection of fairy tales The Malachite Box, based on Ural folklore and published in the Soviet Union in 1939. In 1944, the translation of the collection into English was published in New York City and London. Later Sergei Prokofiev created the ballet The Tale of the Stone Flower based on one of the tales. Bazhov was also the author of several books on the Russian Revolution and the Civil War. Yegor Gaidar, who served as Prime Minister of Russia, was his grandson.", "Q311786": "James Stephen \"Steve\" Fossett (April 22, 1944 \u2013 September 3, 2007) was an American businessman and a record-setting aviator, sailor, and adventurer. He was the first person to fly solo nonstop around the world in a balloon and in a fixed-wing aircraft. He made his fortune in the financial services industry and was best known for many world records, including five nonstop circumnavigations of the Earth: as a long-distance solo balloonist, as a sailor, and as a solo flight fixed-wing aircraft pilot.\nA fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and the Explorers Club, Fossett set more than one hundred records in five different sports, sixty of which still stood at the time of his death. He broke three of the seven absolute world records for fixed-wing aircraft recognized by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration A\u00e9ronautique Internationale, all in his Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer. In 2002, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Aero Club of the UK, and was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 2007.\nFossett disappeared on September 3, 2007 while flying a light aircraft over the Great Basin Desert, between Nevada and California. Extensive searches proved unsuccessful, and he was declared legally dead in February of the following year.\nIn September 2008, a hiker found Fossett's identification cards in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, leading shortly after to the discovery of the plane's wreckage. Fossett's only known remains, two large bones, were found half a mile from the crash site, probably scattered by wild animals.\n\n", "Q788146": "Sh\u014dz\u014d Makino (\u30de\u30ad\u30ce\u7701\u4e09, Makino Sh\u014dz\u014d, September 22, 1878, Kyoto \u2013 July 25, 1929) was a Japanese film director, film producer and businessman who is regarded as a pioneering director of Japanese film. In addition, all four of his sons, including Masahiro Makino and Sadatsugu Matsuda, went into the film business as either directors or producers, and his grandchildren include the actors Masahiko Tsugawa and Hiroyuki Nagato. Actress Yoko Minamida is a granddaughter-in-law.\n\n", "Q183248": "Jean Teul\u00e9 (born 26 February 1953 in Saint-L\u00f4, Manche), is a French novelist, cartoonist and screenwriter. He is the partner of the actress Miou-Miou.\nJean\u2019s book Le magasin des suicides (The Suicide Shop), published in 2007, has been turned into a film called The Suicide Shop. It screened at the Newport Beach Film Festival in Newport Beach, CA, on Sunday, April 28, 2013 and Thursday, May 2, 2013.\n\n", "Q745120": "St. Joseph (informally St. Joe) is a city in and the county seat of Buchanan County, Missouri, United States. Small parts of St. Joseph extend into Andrew County, Missouri. Saint Joseph is known for hosting the Kansas City Chiefs Training Camp every year at Missouri Western State University. It is the principal city of the St. Joseph Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Buchanan, Andrew, and DeKalb counties in Missouri and Doniphan County, Kansas. As of the 2010 census, St. Joseph had a total population of 76,780, making it the eighth largest city in the state, and the third largest in Northwest Missouri. St. Joseph is located roughly thirty miles north of the Kansas City, Missouri city limits and approximately 125 miles south of Omaha, Nebraska.\nThe city was named after the town's founder Joseph Robidoux and the biblical Saint Joseph. the city is located on the Missouri River. It is the birthplace of hip hop star Eminem as well as the death place of Jesse James; it is also the starting point of the Pony Express. St. Joseph is also home to Missouri Western State University.", "Q1342871": "Savannah Churchill (born Savannah Valentine Roberts, August 21, 1915 \u2013 April 19, 1974) was an American rhythm and blues singer in the 1940s and 1950s. She is best known for her number-one R&B single \"I Want To Be Loved (But Only By You).\"", "Q244963": "First Blood is a 1982 American action film directed by Ted Kotcheff, and co-written by Sylvester Stallone, who also stars as Vietnam War veteran John Rambo. It co-stars Richard Crenna and Brian Dennehy, and is the first installment in the Rambo franchise, followed by Rambo: First Blood Part II.\nThe film is based on the 1972 novel of the same name by David Morrell. In the film, Rambo, a troubled and misunderstood veteran, must rely on his combat and survival senses against the abusive law enforcement of the small town of Hope, Washington.\nFirst Blood was released in the United States on October 22, 1982. Despite initial mixed reviews, the film was a box office success, grossing $125.2 million at the box office. Since its release, First Blood has received reappraisal from critics, with many praising the roles of Stallone, Dennehy, and Crenna, and recognizing it as an influential film in the action genre. The film's success spawned a franchise, consisting of four sequels (all of which were co-written by and starred Stallone), an animated television series and a series of comic books, novels, video games and a Bollywood remake.", "Q101539": "A flight attendant (also known as steward/stewardess or air host/air hostess) is a member of an aircrew employed by airlines aboard commercial flights, primarily to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers. Collectively called the cabin crew, flight attendants are deployed in the cabins of all commercial flights and additionally may also be present on some private or business jets and government or military aircraft.", "Q202936": "James Starley (21 April 1830 \u2013 17 June 1881) was an English inventor and father of the bicycle industry. He was one of the most innovative and successful builders of bicycles and tricycles. His inventions include the differential gear and the perfection of the bicycle chain drive.", "Q1056102": "Cerro Torre is one of the mountains of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field in South America. It is located in a region which is disputed between Argentina and Chile, west of Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chalt\u00e9n). The peak is the highest of a four mountain chain: the other peaks are Torre Egger (2,685 m (8,809 ft)), Punta Herron, and Cerro Standhardt. The top of the mountain often has a mushroom of rime ice, formed by the constant strong winds, increasing the difficulty of reaching the actual summit.", "Q337027": "Richard Moore Rive (1 March 1931 \u2013 4 June 1989) was a South African writer and academic, who was from Cape Town.", "Q435319": "Claudia de Breij (born 13 March 1975 in Utrecht) is a Dutch comedian, singer, show host and radio disk jockey.In 2010, she won the Dutch Poelifinario prize for best cabaret program.", "Q153519": "Split Second is a 1953 American film noir thriller directed by Dick Powell about escaped convicts and their hostages holed up in a ghost town, unaware of the grave danger they are in. It features Stephen McNally, Alexis Smith, Jan Sterling, and Keith Andes.", "Q124949": "Franz Hohler was born on 1 March 1943 in Biel/Bienne. He lives as an author and cabaret performer in Z\u00fcrich-Oerlikon.", "Q102030": "Heinrich Becker (1770\u20131822) was a German actor whose real name was Blumenthal.", "Q365007": "Minissha Lamba (born 18 January 1985) is an Indian Film actress who appeared in Hindi films. She made her debut with Yahaan (2005). Her other notable films include Honeymoon Travels Pvt. Ltd. (2007), Bachna Ae Haseeno (2008), Well Done Abba (2009), and Bheja Fry 2 (2011).In 2014 she participated in Colors TV's Bigg Boss 8.", "Q595805": "Chi Ling Dai Cheng (July 15, 1970 \u2013 April 13, 2013) was an American musician and poet, best known as the bassist and backing vocalist for the American alternative metal band Deftones. His career ended in 2008, when he was involved in a serious automobile crash in Santa Clara, California. After the crash, he remained in a semi-comatose state before dying of cardiac arrest in April 2013. After Cheng's hospitalization, Deftones friend Sergio Vega became the band's full-time bassist, having previously filled in for Cheng.", "Q1377612": "The European Payments Union (EPU) was an organization in existence from July 1950 to December 1958, when it was replaced by the European Monetary Agreement.\nWith the end of World War II, economic depression struck Europe. Of all the non-neutral powers, only the GDP of the United Kingdom had not decreased because of the war, Germany's GDP was at its 1908 level and France's at its 1891 level. Trade was based on US dollar reserves (the only acceptable reserve currency), which Europe lacked. Therefore, the transfer of money (immediately after each transaction) increased the opportunity cost of trading. Some trade was reduced to barter. The situation led the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) to create the EPU, all members signing the agreement on 1 July 1950. The EPU accounted for trades but did not transfer money until the end of the month. It changed the landscape from bilateral trades of necessity (trading with partners because of outstanding debts) to multilateral trades. The EPU also forced liberalization by mandating that members eliminate discriminatory trade measures. The EPU was a general success with trade levels more than doubling during its existence. By its close in 1958, convertibility of currency was a possibility, no longer needing government permissions in European countries.", "Q5682": "Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, also Cerbantes, Spanish: [mi\u02c8\u0263el de \u03b8e\u027e\u02c8\u03b2antes saa\u02c8\u03b2e\u00f0\u027ea]; 29 September 1547 (assumed) \u2013 22 April 1616 NS) was a Spanish writer widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language, and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists. He is best known for Don Quixote, a classic of Western Literature, published in two parts between 1605 and 1615, sometimes considered the first modern novel, and the most influential work of fiction ever written.Much of his life was spent in poverty and obscurity, many of its details are disputed or unknown, and the bulk of his surviving work produced in the three years preceding his death. Despite this, his influence and literary contribution is reflected by the fact Spanish is often referred to as \"the language of Cervantes\".In 1569, Cervantes was forced to leave Spain and moved to Rome, where he worked in the household of a cardinal. In 1570, he enlisted in a Spanish Navy infantry regiment, and was badly wounded at the Battle of Lepanto in October 1571. He served as a soldier until 1575, when he was captured by Barbary pirates; after five years in captivity, he was ransomed, and returned to Madrid.\nHis first significant novel, titled La Galatea, was published in 1585, but he continued to work as a purchasing agent, then later a government tax collector. Part One of Don Quixote was published in 1605, and its immediate success allowed him to write full time for the first time. \nPart Two of Don Quixote was published in 1615, other publications include Novelas ejemplares, or Exemplary Novels, Viaje del Parnaso, or Journey to Parnassus, and Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses. Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda, or The Travails of Persiles and Sigismunda, was published after his death in 1616.\n\n", "Q18938": "Thomas Jane (born Thomas Elliott III; February 22, 1969) is an American actor. He is known for appearing in such films as Evening Raga of the West (1987), Boogie Nights (1997), The Thin Red Line (1998), Deep Blue Sea (1999), The Punisher (2004), The Mist (2007), 1922 (2017) and The Predator (2018). Jane's television roles include Mickey Mantle in the television film 61* (2001) and starring in the HBO series Hung (2009\u20132011) and the Syfy/Amazon Video series The Expanse (2015\u2013present). He is the founder of RAW Studios, an entertainment company he uses to release comic books he has written, the first of which was Bad Planet. He made his directorial debut with the crime thriller Dark Country (2009), in which he also starred.", "Q77327": "Carl Clauberg (28 September 1898 \u2013 9 August 1957) was a German gynecologist who conducted medical experiments on human subjects (mainly Jewish) at Auschwitz concentration camp. He worked with Horst Schumann in X-ray sterilization experiments at Auschwitz concentration camp.", "Q105987": "Charles Boyer (French: [bwaje]; 28 August 1899 \u2013 26 August 1978) was a French-American actor who appeared in more than 80 films between 1920 and 1976. After receiving an education in drama, Boyer started on the stage, but he found his success in American films during the 1930s. His memorable performances were among the era's most highly praised, in romantic dramas such as The Garden of Allah (1936), Algiers (1938), and Love Affair (1939), as well as the mystery-thriller Gaslight (1944). He received four Oscar nominations for Best Actor.", "Q68207": "Karl Eduard Nobiling (10 April 1848 \u2013 10 September 1878) was a German attempted assassin, who in 1878 made an attempt on the life of Emperor Wilhelm I. \nNobiling was born in Kolno near Birnbaum (Mi\u0119dzych\u00f3d) in the Prussian Province of Posen, where his father was the tenant of the local manor. He attended school in Z\u00fcllichau (Sulech\u00f3w) and studied political science and agriculture at the University of Halle and Leipzig University, where he received a doctor's degree in 1876. During his studenthood he may have had some minor contact with Socialist circles, though an affiliation with the contemporary Social democratic movement has not been conclusively established.\nNobiling moved to Berlin and in the afternoon of 2 June 1878, he shot and wounded Kaiser Wilhelm I from the window of his apartment on the Unter den Linden boulevard. He used a double-barrelled shotgun and numerous grains hit the body of the emperor, though the life of the 81-year-old was saved by his Pickelhaube helmet. When immediately after the failed assassination attempt several witnesses tried to disarm him, Nobiling shot himself in the head with a revolver. Not fit to be questioned, he soon fell senseless and finally succumbed to his injuries in September 1878. His attempt to murder Wilhelm came less than one month after a similar attempt by Max H\u00f6del.\nChancellor Otto von Bismarck used the actions of Nobiling and H\u00f6del as justification to implement the Anti-Socialist Law in October 1878.\n\n", "Q692": "William Shakespeare (bapt. 26 April 1564 \u2013 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the \"Bard of Avon\" (or simply \"the Bard\"). His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna and twins Hamnet and Judith. Sometime between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part-owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. At age 49 (around 1613), he appears to have retired to Stratford, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has stimulated considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance, his sexuality, his religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others.Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as some of the best work produced in these genres. Until about 1608, he wrote mainly tragedies, among them Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all considered to be among the finest works in the English language. In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy in his lifetime. However, in 1623, two fellow actors and friends of Shakespeare's, John Heminges and Henry Condell, published a more definitive text known as the First Folio, a posthumous collected edition of Shakespeare's dramatic works that included all but two of his plays. The volume was prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson, in which Jonson presciently hails Shakespeare in a now-famous quote as \"not of an age, but for all time\".Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, Shakespeare's works have been continually adapted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain popular and are studied, performed, and reinterpreted through various cultural and political contexts around the world.", "Q434761": "Tamara Mellon, OBE (n\u00e9e Tamara Yeardye; born 7 July 1967) is a British fashion entrepreneur who was the co-founder of luxury footwear brand Jimmy Choo, and then the eponymous luxury footwear brand Tamara Mellon.\nMellon founded her namesake brand with co-founder and CEO Jill Layfield and CDO Tania Spinelli in 2016.", "Q277417": "Madhavan Nair, commonly known by his stage name Madhu, is an Indian film actor, director, producer, and former film studio owner, who works in Malayalam cinema.Madhu was a prominent lead actor during the 1960s, 1970'sand 1980s. He has also directed and produced several films, and at one time owned the Uma Film Studio. He was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2013 for his contributions towards the arts. He was honored with the J.C Daniel award by the Government of Kerala in 2004, for his outstanding contribution to Malayalam films. Mini\u2019 a children's movie produced by him, bagged the Indira Gandhi national award for the best picture on Family Welfare, at the 43rd National Film Awards 1995. He is the inaugural winner of the Filmfare Award for Best Actor \u2013 Malayalam for his performance in Swayamvaram (1972), and has received three more Filmfare awards and is also the recipient of five Kerala State Film Awards. Madhu started Chemmen won the first ever Gold Medal of Indian President for best feature film.", "Q246812": "Sweyn II Estridsson (Old Norse: Sveinn \u00c1str\u00ed\u00f0arson, Danish: Svend Estridsen) (c.\u20091019 \u2013 28 April 1076) was King of Denmark from 1047 until his death in 1076. He was the son of Ulf Thorgilsson and Estrid Svendsdatter, and the grandson of King Sweyn I Forkbeard through his mother's line. He was married three times, and fathered 20 children or more out of wedlock, including the five future kings Harald III Hen, Canute IV the Saint, Oluf I Hunger, Eric I Evergood, and Niels.\nHe was courageous in battle, but did not have much success as a military commander. His skeleton reveals that he was a tall, powerfully built man who walked with a limp.", "Q67652": "Nieder\u00f6sch is a former municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Ober\u00f6sch and Nieder\u00f6sch merged into Ersigen.", "Q78772": "Robert Menasse (born 21 June 1954) is an Austrian writer.", "Q26168": "Anton Szandor LaVey (born Howard Stanton Levey; April 11, 1930 \u2013 October 29, 1997) was an American author, musician, and occultist. He was the founder of the Church of Satan and the religion of LaVeyan Satanism. He authored several books, including The Satanic Bible, The Satanic Rituals, The Satanic Witch, The Devil's Notebook, and Satan Speaks! In addition, he released three albums, including The Satanic Mass, Satan Takes a Holiday, and Strange Music. He played a minor on-screen role and served as technical advisor for the 1975 film The Devil's Rain and served as host and narrator for Nick Bougas' 1989 mondo film Death Scenes.LaVey was the subject of numerous articles in news media throughout the world, including popular magazines such as Look, McCall's, Newsweek, and Time, and men's magazines. He also appeared on talk shows such as The Joe Pyne Show, Donahue and The Tonight Show, and in two feature-length documentaries: Satanis in 1969 and Speak of the Devil: The Canon of Anton LaVey in 1993. Two official biographies have been written on LaVey, including The Devil's Avenger by Burton H. Wolfe, published in 1974, and The Secret Life of a Satanist by Blanche Barton, published in 1990. \nHistorian of Satanism Gareth J. Medway described LaVey as a \"born showman\", with anthropologist Jean La Fontaine describing him as a \"colourful figure of considerable personal magnetism\". Academic scholars of Satanism Per Faxneld and Jesper Aa. Petersen described LaVey as \"the most iconic figure in the Satanic milieu\". LaVey was labeled many things by journalists, religious detractors, and Satanists alike, including \"The Father of Satanism\", the \"St. Paul of Satanism\", \"The Black Pope\", and the \"evilest man in the world\".", "Q389911": "The Brood is a 1979 Canadian psychological body horror film written and directed by David Cronenberg and starring Oliver Reed, Samantha Eggar, and Art Hindle. Its plot follows a man and his mentally-ill ex-wife, who has been sequestered by a psychologist known for his controversial therapy techniques. A series of brutal unsolved murders serves as the backdrop for the central narrative.\nConceived by Cronenberg after his own acrimonious divorce, he intended the screenplay as a meditation on a fractured relationship between a husband and wife who share a child, and cast Eggar and Hindle as loose facsimiles of himself and his ex-wife. He would later state that, despite its incorporation of science fiction elements, he considered it his sole feature that most embodied a \"classic horror film\". Principal photography of The Brood took place in late 1978 in Toronto on a budget of $1.5 million. The film's score was composed by Howard Shore, in his film composing debut.\nReleased in the spring of 1979 by New World Pictures, The Brood proved profitable for the studio, grossing over $5 million. Though it initially received mixed reviews from critics, it would establish itself as a cult film in the following decades. It has attracted scholarly interest from academics in the areas of film theory for its themes regarding mental illness and motherhood, and its combining elements of the woman's film with body horror. In 2006, the Chicago Film Critics Association named it the 88th scariest film of all time. In 2013, it was selected for restoration by The Criterion Collection, who subsequently released it on Blu-ray.", "Q463639": "Ana Mendieta (November 18, 1948 \u2013 September 8, 1985) was a Cuban-American performance artist, sculptor, painter and video artist who is best known for her \"earth-body\" artwork. Born in Havana, Mendieta left for the United States in 1961.", "Q132695": "Harry Martinson (6 May 1904 \u2013 11 February 1978) was a Swedish author, poet and former sailor. In 1949 he was elected into the Swedish Academy. He was awarded a joint Nobel Prize in Literature in 1974 together with fellow Swede Eyvind Johnson \"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos\". The choice was controversial, as both Martinson and Johnson were members of the academy.He has been called \"the great reformer of 20th-century Swedish poetry, the most original of the writers called 'proletarian'.\"", "Q344977": "Donald King (born August 20, 1931) is an American boxing promoter known for his involvement in historic boxing matchups. He has been a controversial figure, partly due to a manslaughter conviction (later pardoned), and civil cases against him.\nKing's career highlights include, among multiple other enterprises, promoting \"The Rumble in the Jungle\" and the \"Thrilla in Manila\". King has promoted some of the most prominent names in boxing, including Muhammad Ali, Joe Frazier, George Foreman, Larry Holmes, Mike Tyson, Evander Holyfield, Julio C\u00e9sar Ch\u00e1vez, Ricardo Mayorga, Andrew Golota, Bernard Hopkins, F\u00e9lix Trinidad, Roy Jones Jr., Azumah Nelson, and Marco Antonio Barrera. Some of these boxers sued him for allegedly defrauding them. Most of the lawsuits were settled out of court.\nKing has been charged with killing two people in incidents 13 years apart. In 1954, King shot a man in the back after spotting him trying to rob one of his gambling houses; this incident was ruled a justifiable homicide. In 1967, King was convicted of nonnegligent manslaughter for stomping one of his employees to death. For this, he served three years and eleven months in prison. In 1983 he was pardoned by Ohio Governor James A. Rhodes.", "Q237033": "Ana Blandiana (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8ana blandi\u02c8ana]; pen name of Otilia Valeria Coman; born 25 March 1942, in Timi\u0219oara) is a Romanian poet, essayist, and political figure. She is considered one of the leading contemporary Romanian authors. She took her name after Blandiana, near Vin\u021bu de Jos, Alba County, her mother's home village.\nIn October 2017, she was announced as The Griffin Trust For Excellence In Poetry's twelfth recipient of their Lifetime Recognition Award.", "Q857667": "Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the tissue and air spaces of the lungs. It leads to impaired gas exchange and may cause respiratory failure. It is due to either failure of the left ventricle of the heart to remove blood adequately from the pulmonary circulation (cardiogenic pulmonary edema), or an injury to the lung parenchyma or vasculature of the lung (non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema). Treatment is focused on three aspects: firstly improving respiratory function, secondly, treating the underlying cause, and thirdly avoiding further damage to the lung. Pulmonary edema, especially acute, can lead to fatal respiratory distress or cardiac arrest due to hypoxia. It is a cardinal feature of congestive heart failure. The term edema is from the Greek \u03bf\u1f34\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 (o\u00edd\u0113ma, \"swelling\"), from \u03bf\u1f30\u03b4\u03ad\u03c9 (oid\u00e9\u014d, \"I swell\").", "Q719893": "As Cities Burn is an American post-hardcore band from Mandeville, Louisiana that formed in 2002 and have released four studio albums. Their debut, Son, I Loved You at Your Darkest, was released in 2005. Two years later, they released Come Now Sleep. Then, in 2009, As Cities Burn released their third album, Hell or High Water. The band had performed from 2011 through 2016, but drummer Aaron Lunsford announced, on August 16, 2016, that the group disbanded. In December 2017, As Cities Burn reunited and went on tour to open up for Emery, and announced that they were staying together and writing new music.", "Q113883": "Lois June Nettleton (August 16, 1927 \u2013 January 18, 2008) was an American film, stage, radio, and television actress. She received three Primetime Emmy Award nominations and won two Daytime Emmy Awards.", "Q338472": "The Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera (\"academy of fine arts of Brera\"), also known as the Accademia di Brera or Brera Academy, is a state-run tertiary public academy of fine arts in Milan, Italy. It shares its history, and its main building, with the Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan's main public museum for art. In 2010 an agreement was signed to move the accademia to a former military barracks, the Caserma Magenta in via Mascheroni, but the move had not happened by early 2017.", "Q3821399": "Juan Villalonga Navarro (born April 8, 1953) is a Spanish businessman. He was a partner at McKinsey & Company in the 1980s, CEO for Credit Suisse First Boston and Bankers Trust in Spain in the early 1990s, and CEO of Telef\u00f3nica from 1996 to 2000.In 2010, Harvard Business Review named Villalonga one of the world's top 100 CEOs.", "Q574437": "Armand Carrel (8 May 1800 \u2013 25 July 1836) was a French journalist and political writer.", "Q33203": "Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their doctrine of practice and belief from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's brother Charles Wesley were also significant early leaders in the movement. It originated as a revival movement within the 18th-century Church of England and became a separate denomination after Wesley's death. The movement spread throughout the British Empire, the United States, and beyond because of vigorous missionary work, today claiming approximately 80 million adherents worldwide.Wesleyan theology, which is upheld by the Methodist Churches, focuses on sanctification and the effect of faith on the character of a Christian. Distinguishing Methodist doctrines include the new birth, assurance, imparted righteousness, the possibility of entire sanctification, the works of piety, and the primacy of Scripture. Most Methodists teach that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, died for all of humanity and that salvation is available for all; in theology, this view is known as Arminianism. This teaching rejects the Calvinist position that God has pre-ordained the salvation of a select group of people. However, Whitefield and several other early leaders of the movement were considered Calvinistic Methodists and held to the Calvinist position. In addition to evangelism, Methodism emphasises charity and support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the works of mercy. These ideals, collectively known as the Social Gospel, are put into practice by the establishment of hospitals, orphanages, soup kitchens, and schools to follow Christ's command to spread the good news and serve all people.The movement has a wide variety of forms of worship, ranging from high church to low church in liturgical usage. Denominations that descend from the British Methodist tradition are generally less ritualistic, while American Methodism is more so, the United Methodist Church in particular. Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition, and Charles Wesley was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church.Early Methodists were drawn from all levels of society, including the aristocracy, but the Methodist preachers took the message to labourers and criminals who tended to be left outside organized religion at that time. In Britain, the Methodist Church had a major effect in the early decades of the developing working class (1760\u20131820). In the United States, it became the religion of many slaves who later formed black churches in the Methodist tradition.", "Q316957": "Gerd Oswald (June 9, 1919 \u2013 May 22, 1989) was a director of American films and television.\n\n", "Q1270169": "Slobodan Praljak (Croatian pronunciation: [slob\u01d2dan pr\u01ce\u02d0\u028eak]; 2 January 1945 \u2013 29 November 2017) was a Bosnian Croat general who served in the Croatian Army and the Croatian Defence Council, an army of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, between 1992 and 1995. Praljak was found guilty of committing violations of the laws of war, crimes against humanity and breaches of the Geneva Conventions during the Croat\u2013Bosniak War by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in 2017.Praljak voluntarily joined the newly formed Croatian Armed Forces after the outbreak of the Croatian War of Independence in 1991. Before and after the war he was an engineer, a television and theatre director, as well as a businessman. Praljak was indicted by, and voluntarily surrendered to, the ICTY in 2004. In 2013, he was convicted for war crimes against the Bosniak population during the Croat\u2013Bosniak War alongside five other Bosnian Croat officials, and was sentenced to 20 years in jail (minus the time he had already spent in detention). Upon hearing the guilty verdict upheld in November 2017, Praljak stated that he rejected the verdict of the court, and committed suicide by poisoning in the courtroom.", "Q327552": "Louis-Simon Auger (29 December 1772, in Paris \u2013 2 January 1829, in Paris) was a French journalist, literary critic and playwright.", "Q4416669": "Serafimovskoe Cemetery (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435) is a historic cemetery in the north-west of Saint Petersburg, in Primorsky District.\nIt was established to meet the need for the growing population in the early twentieth century. The first burial took place in 1905, and the cemetery church, the Church of Seraphim of Sarov in the Serafimovskoe Cemetery, was consecrated in 1907. The cemetery was primarily a burial place for the poor, until the Second World War. During the siege of Leningrad, from 1941 to 1944, it was one of the main sites for burying those who were killed, or died of cold or starvation. At least 100,000 people were buried during this period, mostly in mass graves.\nThe cemetery expanded after the war, and today covers 59 hectares. It contains the graves of a wide range of society, including military figures, and prominent people from the arts, sciences and sports.", "Q202088": "The London Borough of Camden is a borough in Inner London, and historically a part of Middlesex. Camden Town Hall, on Euston Road, lies 1.4 miles north of Charing Cross.\nMost of the borough is seen as part of north London, but the borough\u2019s southern (more central) areas of Bloomsbury and Holborn are sometimes described as part of the West End of London. The local authority is Camden London Borough Council.", "Q287096": "Case Closed: Countdown to Heaven, known as Detective Conan: Countdown to Heaven (\u540d\u63a2\u5075\u30b3\u30ca\u30f3 \u5929\u56fd\u3078\u306e\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3, Meitantei Conan: Tengoku no Kauntodaun) in Japan, is a 2001 Japanese animated feature film based on the Case Closed manga series, featuring detective Shinichi Kudo, also known as Conan Edogawa. It made 2.9 billion yen.\n\n", "Q666935": "Dresden Cathedral, or the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Dresden, previously the Catholic Church of the Royal Court of Saxony, called in German Katholische Hofkirche and since 1980 also known as Kathedrale Sanctissimae Trinitatis, is the Catholic Cathedral of Dresden. \nAlways the most important Catholic church of the city, it was elevated to the status of cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen in 1964. It is located near the Elbe river in the historic center of Dresden, Germany.\nIt is one of the burial sites of the House of Wettin, including Polish monarchs.", "Q926934": "Ludv\u00edk A\u0161kenazy (24 February 1921 in \u010cesk\u00fd T\u011b\u0161\u00edn \u2013 18 March 1986 in Bolzano, Italy) was a Czech writer and journalist. He was born into a Jewish family in Sachsenberg, part of \u010cesk\u00fd T\u011b\u0161\u00edn.\nHe studied Slavonic philology in Lviv, which then was a part of Poland.\nDuring World War II, he was a soldier in the Czech units of the Soviet Army in the Soviet Union. He was a member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Between 1945 and 1950 he worked in the state Czechoslovak Radio and after that he became government-sanctioned \"writer.\"\nAfter the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, he left for exile and until 1976 lived in Munich. Between 1976 and 1986, he lived in the Italian town of Bolzano with his wife, Leonie Mann, daughter of the German writer Heinrich Mann.He won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis in 1977.", "Q63434": "Adam Stegerwald (14 December 1874, Greu\u00dfenheim, Lower Franconia \u2013 3 December 1945) was a German Catholic politician and a leader of the left wing of the Centre Party.", "Q959138": "Claudio Santamaria (born July 22, 1974) is an Italian actor; in 2016 he was awarded the David di Donatello for Best Actor award for portraying the superhero Enzo 'Jeeg' Ceccotti in They Call Me Jeeg.", "Q1741631": "Kimberly Aileen Scott (born December 11, 1961) is an American actress. She received Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play nomination for her performance in the 1988 play Joe Turner's Come and Gone. Scott later has appeared in films include The Abyss (1989), Flatliners (1990), Batman & Robin (1997), K-PAX (2001) and Respect (2020).", "Q524200": "Maximo Guillermo \"Max\" Manus DSO, MC & Bar (9 December 1914 \u2013 20 September 1996) was a Norwegian resistance fighter during World War II, specialising in sabotage in occupied Norway. After the war he wrote several books about his adventures and started the successful office supply company Max Manus AS.", "Q466741": "Frederic Desire Ehui , best known as Meiway (born 17 March 1962 in Grand Bassam), is a singer from the Ivory Coast. He is most notable for pioneering the Zoblazo style. His hits include \"200% Zoblazo\", \"Godeba\", \"Appolo 95\", \"Miss Lolo\", and \"DJ Tassouman\".", "Q1391397": "John Stephen Jones (born 24 March 1944) is a British geneticist and from 1995 to 1999 and 2008 to June 2010 was Head of the Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment at University College London. His studies are conducted in the Galton Laboratory. He is also a television presenter and a prize-winning author on the subject of biology, especially evolution. He is a popular contemporary writer on evolution. In 1996 his work won him the Michael Faraday Prize \"for his numerous, wide ranging contributions to the public understanding of science in areas such as human evolution and variation, race, sex, inherited disease and genetic manipulation through his many broadcasts on radio and television, his lectures, popular science books, and his once-regular science column in The Daily Telegraph and contributions to other newspaper media\".", "Q835790": "Ivan Goran Kova\u010di\u0107 (pronounced [\u01d0\u028ban \u0261\u01d2ran k\u01d2\u028bat\u0283it\u0255]; 21 March 1913 \u2013 13 July 1943) was a Croatian poet and writer.", "Q618233": "Wendy Williams Hunter (born Wendy Joan Williams; July 18, 1964) is an American television host, businesswoman, media personality and author. Since 2008, she has hosted the nationally syndicated television talk show The Wendy Williams Show.\nPrior to television, Williams was a radio DJ and host and quickly became known in New York as a \"shock jockette\". She gained notoriety for her on-air spats with celebrities and was the subject of the 2006 VH1 reality TV series The Wendy Williams Experience which broadcast events surrounding her radio show. She was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame in 2009.\nShe has written a New York Times best-selling autobiography and six other books, and has created product lines including a fashion line, a jewelry collection and a wig line. On her 50th birthday, the council of Asbury Park, New Jersey renamed the street on which she grew up Wendy Williams Way.", "Q4734464": "Alonso Ancira Elizondo (born 1956) is a Mexican businessman who is the controlling shareholder and chairman of Altos Hornos de Mexico (AHMSA). He purchased AHMSA from the Mexican Government in 1991, when the government privatized the steel industry. In March 2006, he was elected as president of the Iron and Steel Mexican Chamber (CANACERO) for the years 2006-2007. Ancira is the chairman of MATT.org (Mexicans and Americans Thinking Together) a non-profit organization based in San Antonio, Texas.Ancira was arrested in Spain by the Interpol in May 2019 in connection with the 2014 sale of a fertilizer plant to PEMEX, the Mexican-state oil company. According to bank records he is bankrupt and is billions in debt. Ancira and other family members have been charged with corruption, money laundering, fraud and other crimes. The bank accounts of Altos Hornos and Emilio Lozoya Austin, the former CEO of PEMEX, were frozen 24 hours earlier.\n\n", "Q184255": "Million Dollar Baby is a 2004 American sports drama film directed, co-produced, and scored by Clint Eastwood, and starring Eastwood, Hilary Swank, and Morgan Freeman. The film follows an underappreciated boxing trainer, the mistakes that haunt him from his past, and his quest for atonement by helping an underdog amateur boxer achieve her dream of becoming a professional.\nMillion Dollar Baby opened to widespread acclaim from critics, and won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actress for Swank. Its screenplay was written by Paul Haggis, based on short stories by F.X. Toole, the pen name of fight manager and cutman Jerry Boyd. Originally published under the title Rope Burns, the stories have since been republished under the film's title.\n\n", "Q3188007": "Judith Rodin (born Judith Seitz; September 9, 1944) is a philanthropist with a long history in U.S. higher education. She was the president of the Rockefeller Foundation from 2005 until 2017. From 1994 to 2004, Rodin served as the 7th permanent president of the University of Pennsylvania, and the first permanent female president of an Ivy League university.", "Q1767184": "Steve Newman is a South African acoustic guitarist, and was a founder member of the popular African group Tananas. For thirty years Newman has been collaborating with fellow South African guitarist, Tony Cox. He is also one of The Aquarian Quartet, consisting of Tony Cox, Syd Kitchen (deceased 2011), Greg Georgiades and Steve Newman. He was a member of Mondetta, a self-described \"world music group\", with Gito Baloi (of Tananas) and Wendy Oldfield.", "Q1305290": "Lenny Welch (born Leon Welch, May 31, 1940) is an American MOR/pop singer.", "Q457588": "Rodrigo Arocena Linn (born February 23, 1947 in Montevideo) is an Uruguayan mathematician, and rector of the University of the Republic since July 2006.\n\n", "Q327546": "Dorian Gray (Italian: Il dio chiamato Dorian, lit. 'The god called Dorian') a.k.a. The Sins of Dorian Gray is a 1970 movie adaptation of Oscar Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray starring Helmut Berger. The Italian title translates as A God Called Dorian.\nDirected by Massimo Dallamano and produced by Harry Alan Towers, the film stresses the decadence and eroticism of the story and changes the setting to early 1970s London. The sexual liberation of the late 1960s and early 1970s provides a fitting backdrop for Dorian's escapades in this version, and also the general clothing and fashion style of the era is extrapolated into a 1970s version of the aesthetic, decadent world of the 1890s novel.\nCritical opinion of the film is decidedly mixed. On the one hand, some consider the film trash and sexploitation, while others point out that the film was shot at a unique time in the 20th century when a new openness about sexuality and its depiction on film allowed showing scenes only vaguely hinted at in the novel and earlier (and also later) movie adaptations.A marked difference between this version and the novel is the final scene. Instead of Dorian slicing the painting with the knife (thereby inadvertently killing himself), he is seen committing suicide with the knife deliberately.", "Q14870": "Siegburg (i.e. fort on the Sieg river) is a city in the district of Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the banks of the rivers Sieg and Agger, 10 kilometres from the former seat of West German government Bonn and 26 kilometres from Cologne. The population of the city was 39,192 in the 2013 census.", "Q25475": "Batumi (; Georgian: \u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10d8 [b\u0251t\u02b0umi]) is the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and the second largest city of Georgia, located on the coast of the Black Sea in the country's southwest. It is situated in a Subtropical Zone at the foot of Caucasus. Much of Batumi's economy revolves around tourism and gambling (It is nicknamed \"The Las Vegas of the Black Sea\"), but the city is also an important sea port and includes industries like shipbuilding, food processing and light manufacturing. Since 2010, Batumi has been transformed by the construction of modern high-rise buildings, as well as the restoration of classical 19th-century edifices lining its historic Old Town.", "Q918616": "Frank Anthony Grillo (born June 8, 1965) is an American actor known for his roles in films such as Warrior (2011), The Grey (2012), End of Watch (2012), and Zero Dark Thirty (2012). He had his first leading role in the action horror film The Purge: Anarchy (2014), portraying Sergeant Leo Barnes, a role he reprised in The Purge: Election Year (2016). He also plays the Marvel supervillain Brock Rumlow / Crossbones in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and Big Daddy in the Chinese action film Wolf Warrior 2 (2017), the highest-grossing non-Hollywood film of all time. Also in 2017, he played the main role in the Netflix film Wheelman as a getaway driver in a botched bank heist.\nGrillo's television work includes recurring roles in the series Battery Park (2000), For the People (2002\u20132003), The Shield (2002\u20132003), Prison Break (2005\u20132006), Blind Justice (2005), and The Kill Point (2007). He has also starred as Hart Jessup in the soap opera Guiding Light (1996\u20131999), Nick Monohan in the sci-fi series The Gates (2010), and between 2014 and 2017, he played Alvey Kulina in the DirecTV drama series Kingdom.", "Q1691606": "Joseph Alexander Ellis Steele (December 17, 1899, Savannah, Georgia - February 5, 1964, New York City) was an American jazz pianist and bandleader.\nJoseph Alexander Ellis Steele was born on December 17, 1899, in Savannah, Georgia, home to his father's family for several generations. His father, Alexander McPherson Steele, was a postal worker. As a teenager, Steele moved with his family to Boston, Massachusetts, his mother's hometown. Steele\u2019s mother, Minnie Sarah Ellis Steele, was the daughter of a Jamaican minister, Rev. Alexander Ellis, who served as a pastor in Boston. Steele\u2019s brother, Julian Steele, was a prominent African-American social worker, civil rights and affordable housing advocate, and office holder in Massachusetts.Steele graduated from the New England Conservatory of Music with a diploma as a teacher and then played with the Savoy Bearcats on their recordings for Victor Records. He played the Bamboo Inn in Harlem with Henri Saparo and then put together his own band to play at the same venue. Members of his band included Ward Pinkett, Langston Curl, Bubber Miley, Harry Carney, Wendell Culley, Johnny Hodges, Joe Garland, Jimmy Archey, Charlie Holmes, and Manzie Johnson. He recorded for Victor as a leader in 1929. In 1931-1932 he played in Pike Davis's ensemble accompanying the vaudeville show Rhapsody in Black, and worked with Chick Webb from 1932 to 1936. He also worked as an arranger, for Duke Ellington, Fletcher Henderson, Paul Whiteman, and Cab Calloway among others.", "Q3229671": "Leonard H. Goldenson (December 7, 1905 \u2013 December 27, 1999) was the second president of the United States-based television network American Broadcasting Company (ABC), from 1953 to 1986. Goldenson, as CEO of United Paramount Theatres, acquired a then-struggling ABC from candy industrialist Edward J. Noble. Goldenson focused on investing heavily on sports and news coverage along with creating synergy between Hollywood studios and television networks. Goldenson turned ABC into a media conglomerate, owning television and radio stations along with newspapers and book publishers. His innovations with ABC in terms of programming and media synergy would have lasting implications on the American television industry, and be emulated by leadership of other networks. He was portrayed in the 2002 TNT movie Monday Night Mayhem by Eli Wallach.", "Q214826": "William Edward Boeing (; October 1, 1881 \u2013 September 28, 1956) was an American aviation pioneer who founded The Boeing Company in 1916.", "Q277403": "Norbert Fr\u00fdd (born Norbert Fried) (21 April 1913 \u2013 18 March 1976) was a Czech writer, journalist and diplomat. He is known mainly for his autobiographical novel Krabice \u017eiv\u00fdch (A Box of Lives, 1956), in which he describes his experiences in Nazi concentration camps. During World War II, he was imprisoned in the Theresienstadt, Auschwitz and Dachau-Kaufering concentration camps.", "Q335142": "Alexander Aleksandrovich Bogdanov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; 22 August 1873 [O.S. 10 August] \u2013 7 April 1928), born Alexander Malinovsky, was a Russian and later Soviet physician, philosopher, science fiction writer, and revolutionary.\nHe was a key figure in the early history of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP, later the Communist Party of the Soviet Union [CPSU]), originally established 1898, and of its Bolshevik faction. Bogdanov co-founded the Bolsheviks in 1903, when they split with the Menshevik faction. He was a rival within the Bolsheviks to Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924), until being expelled in 1909. Following the Russian Revolutions of 1917, when the Bolsheviks came to power in the collapsing Russian Empire, during the first decade of the subsequent Soviet Union in the 1920s, he was an influential opponent of the Bolshevik government and Lenin from a Marxist leftist perspective. Bogdanov received training in medicine and psychiatry. His wide scientific and medical interests ranged from the universal systems theory to the possibility of human rejuvenation through blood transfusion. He invented an original philosophy called \"tectology\", now regarded as a forerunner of systems theory. He was also an economist, culture theorist, science fiction writer, and political activist. He was one of the Russian Machists.", "Q686": "Vanuatu (English: (listen) VAH-noo-AH-too or van-WAH-too; Bislama and French pronunciation [vanuatu]), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (French: R\u00e9publique de Vanuatu; Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is a Pacific island country located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is 1,750 kilometres (1,090 mi) east of northern Australia, 540 kilometres (340 mi) northeast of New Caledonia, east of New Guinea, southeast of the Solomon Islands, and west of Fiji.\nVanuatu was first inhabited by Melanesian people. The first Europeans to visit the islands were a Spanish expedition led by Portuguese navigator Fernandes de Queir\u00f3s, who arrived on the largest island, Esp\u00edritu Santo, in 1606. Since the Portuguese and Spanish monarchies had been unified under the king of Spain in 1580 (following the vacancy of the Portuguese throne, which lasted for sixty years, until 1640, when the Portuguese monarchy was restored), Queir\u00f3s claimed the archipelago for Spain, as part of the colonial Spanish East Indies, and named it La Austrialia del Esp\u00edritu Santo.\nIn the 1880s, France and the United Kingdom claimed parts of the archipelago, and in 1906, they agreed on a framework for jointly managing the archipelago as the New Hebrides through an Anglo\u2013French condominium. An independence movement arose in the 1970s, and the Republic of Vanuatu was founded in 1980. Since independence, the country has become a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie and the Pacific Islands Forum.", "Q67646": "Inkwil is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q76993": "Gl\u00fcckel of Hameln (Yiddish: \u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05e7\u05dc \u05d1\u05ea \u05e8' \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d4\u05d0\u05b7\u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u200e; also spelled Gl\u00fcckel, Gl\u00fceckel, or Glikl of Hamelin; also known as Glikl bas Judah Leib) (c.\u20091646 \u2013 September 19, 1724) was a Jewish businesswoman and diarist. Written in her native tongue of Yiddish over the course of thirty years, her memoirs were originally intended to be an ethical will for her children and future descendants. Gl\u00fcckel's diaries are the only known pre-modern Yiddish memoirs written by a woman. The Memoirs of Gl\u00fcckel of Hameln provide an intimate portrait of German-Jewish life in the late seventeenth to early eighteenth centuries and have become an important source for historians, philologists, sociologists, literary critics, and linguists.", "Q59970": "Fabio de Miguel, alias Fanny McNamara or Fabio McNamara (Madrid, January 8, 1957) is a Spanish artist.\nHe grew up in the neighbourhood of Ciudad Pegaso and was related to La Movida Madrile\u00f1a like many of his friends: Pedro Almod\u00f3var, Olvido Gara (Alaska), Tino Casal, Pablo P\u00e9rez-M\u00ednguez or the painters Costus. He collaborated with them in films and songs.\nLately, he has focused on his pop art paintings, which he has exposed in fairs like ARCO and he has talked about his religiosity.", "Q579107": "Stuart Cameron is a guitarist based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He is the son of John Allan Cameron and is a member of The Heartbroken. He has recorded and toured with Ashley MacIsaac, Crash Test Dummies, Amanda Marshall, Matthew Good, John Allan Cameron, George Canyon, Gordie Sampson and Shaye.Cameron is a prominent figure in the Fergus Scottish Festival and Highland Games, in Fergus, Ontario, where he took over as Chieftain of the Games after his father's death. He leads many of the ceremonies and often plays a solo musical act or with Celtic bands who are a part of the festival, such as Tom Leadbeater, Seven Nations, and The Town Pants.", "Q230990": "Ashley Allyn Roberts (born September 14, 1981) is an American singer, dancer, actress, model and television personality. She was a member of the American pop girl group and dance ensemble The Pussycat Dolls, before leaving the group in February 2010 to pursue a solo singing and acting career.\nRoberts has participated in a number of British television series; I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! in 2012 and The Jump in 2015, two seasons of Dancing on Ice, and co-hosted Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway from 2013 to 2016. She also took part in the 2018 series of the BBC's Strictly Come Dancing, where she reached the final and has the highest average score of any contestant.\nIn November 2019, it was announced Roberts had rejoined The Pussycat Dolls and would join them on their 2020 reunion tour. They released their comeback single \"React\" on February 7, 2020.", "Q520072": "Andy Borowitz (born January 4, 1958) is an American writer, comedian, satirist, and actor. Borowitz is a The New York Times-bestselling author who won the first National Press Club award for humor. He is known for creating the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air and the satirical column The Borowitz Report.\n\n", "Q221645": "Stockholm University (Swedish: Stockholms universitet) is a public university in Stockholm, Sweden, founded as a college in 1878, with university status since 1960. With over 33,000 students at four different faculties: law, humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, it is one of the largest universities in Scandinavia. The institution is regarded as one of the top 100 universities in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU).Stockholm University was granted university status in 1960, making it the fourth oldest Swedish university. As with other public universities in Sweden, Stockholm University's mission includes teaching and research anchored in society at large.\n\n", "Q78766": "Elyas M'Barek (born 29 May 1982) is a German-speaking actor of Austrian and Tunisian descent who lives and grew up in Germany.", "Q1805442": "Kenneth Page (born January 20, 1954) is an American actor and cabaret singer. Page is best known as the voice of Oogie Boogie, the main antagonist in The Nightmare Before Christmas, and King Gator from All Dogs Go to Heaven. He also created the eponymous role of \"Ken\" in the original Broadway production of Ain't Misbehavin', and played the role of \"Old Deuteronomy\" in both the original Broadway and filmed stage productions of Cats.", "Q374678": "Paolo Sorrentino (Italian: [\u02c8pa\u02d0olo sorren\u02c8ti\u02d0no]; born 31 May 1970) is an Italian film director, screenwriter and writer. His 2013 film La Grande Bellezza won the Academy Award, the Golden Globe and the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Language Film. In Italy he was honored with five David di Donatello and six Nastro d'Argento. \nSorrentino's direction and screenplays, including Il divo, The Consequences of Love, The Family Friend, This Must Be the Place and the 2016 TV series The Young Pope, have received three Cannes Lions, three Venice Film Festival Awards and four European Film Awards. \nHe works with authors and producers including Francesca Cima and Nicola Giuliano, Toni Servillo and Luca Bigazzi. Actors in his films have included Sabrina Ferilli, Fanny Ardant, Isabella Ferrari, Elena Sofia Ricci, Sean Penn, Frances McDormand, Riccardo Scamarcio, Jude Law, Fabrizio Bentivoglio, Nanni Moretti, Carlo Verdone, Antonio Albanese and Frank Langella. \nHe has also worked with songwriters Antonello Venditti, Paloma Faith and Mark Kozelek and written three books which were published in Italian. \nHe doesn't hold religious belief.", "Q61237": "Rudolf \"Rudi\" Dassler (26 March 1898 in Herzogenaurach, Germany \u2013 27 October 1974 in Herzogenaurach) was the German founder of the sportswear company Puma and the older brother of Adidas founder, Adolf \"Adi\" Dassler. The brothers were partners in a shoe company Adi started, Gebr\u00fcder Dassler Schuhfabrik (Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory). Rudi joined in 1924. However, after a feud developed between Rudolf and Adolf Dassler following World War II, the brothers went separate ways and started their own companies in 1948.Initially calling the new company \"Ruda\" (Rudolf Dassler), it was soon changed to its present name of Puma. Puma is the native Quechua word for cougar, from there it went into German as well as other languages.", "Q454081": "Kenneth George Baker (24 August 1934 \u2013 13 August 2016) was an English actor and musician. He portrayed the character R2-D2 in the Star Wars franchise and also appeared in The Elephant Man, Time Bandits, Willow, Flash Gordon, Amadeus and Labyrinth.", "Q237027": "Whigfield is an Italian dance project fronted by Sannie Charlotte Carlson (born 11 April 1970), who is a Danish singer, songwriter and record producer, known by her various stage names including Whigfield, Naan, or simply Sannie. She is best known for her 1994 single \"Saturday Night\", which became an international hit the following year.\nBased in Italy at the time, Sannie Charlotte Carlson worked with Italian producer Larry Pignagnoli and \"Saturday Night\" entered the top five in Italy. Her single \"Another Day\" also managed to peak at number three in Italy as well. The singles \"Another Day\" and \"Think of You\" also charted in a number of other markets, entering the top ten in the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Norway, and her native Denmark.She competed in the Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 2018 with the song \"Boys on Girls\" but didn't qualify for the superfinal.", "Q375566": "Koichi Wakata (\u82e5\u7530 \u5149\u4e00, Wakata K\u014dichi, born 1 August 1963) is a Japanese engineer and a JAXA astronaut. Wakata is a veteran of four NASA Space Shuttle missions, a Russian Soyuz mission, and a long-duration stay on the International Space Station. During a nearly two-decade career in spaceflight, he has logged more than eleven months in space. During Expedition 39, he became the first Japanese commander of the International Space Station. Wakata flew on the Soyuz TMA-11M/Expedition 38/Expedition 39 long duration spaceflight from 7 November 2013 to 13 May 2014. During this spaceflight he was accompanied by Kirobo, the first humanoid robot astronaut.", "Q736864": "Paddy Moloney (Irish: P\u00e1draig \u00d3 Maoldomhnaigh; born 1 August 1938) is an Irish musician, composer, and producer who is the founder and leader of the Irish musical group The Chieftains and has played on every one of their albums.", "Q444292": "Orla Brady (born 28 March 1961) is an Irish theatre, television, and film actress born in Dublin. She has been nominated for several awards from the Irish Film & Television Academy for her work in televised programs, as well as starring in the RT\u00c9/BBC co-production A Love Divided where she portrayed Sheila Cloney, for which she won the 1999 Golden Nymph Best Actress Award. She began her career with the Balloonatics Theatre Company as a touring performer, later gaining her first minor role in television as a bank clerk in the series Minder in 1993. Her first role in film was as Vanessa in Words Upon the Window Pane in 1994. Brady starred in recurring roles in a number of US and UK series, and in a Doctor Who special.", "Q122492": "Bea Wyler (born 1951 in Baden, Switzerland) is the second female rabbi in Germany (the first being Regina Jonas) and the first to officiate at a congregation. She was ordained by the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York in 1995, and that year she was appointed to serve the Conservative Jewish synagogue of Oldenburg. Her appointment was much criticized by the head of the Central Council of Jews in Germany. As of 2000 she was Germany's only Conservative rabbi. She served as a rabbi in Oldenburg until 2004, and as a rabbi in Brunswick and Delmenhorst until 2004.", "Q3888679": "Paco Casal (born Francisco Casal) is a Uruguayan entrepreneur.\nEmerged as a football agent, Casal quickly acquired total relevance in the market of his country. He owns the company Tenfield, and the television channel GolTV.", "Q2958573": "Charles George Bluhdorn (born Karl Georg Bl\u00fchdorn; September 20, 1926 \u2013 February 20, 1983) was an Austrian-born American industrialist.", "Q190220": "Sir Philip Pullman, CBE, FRSL (born 19 October 1946) is an English novelist. He is the author of several best-selling books, including the fantasy trilogy His Dark Materials and the fictionalised biography of Jesus, The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ. In 2008, The Times named Pullman one of the \"50 greatest British writers since 1945\". In a 2004 poll for the BBC, Pullman was named the eleventh most influential person in British culture. He was knighted in the 2019 New Year Honours for \"services to literature.\"Northern Lights, the first volume of Pullman's His Dark Materials trilogy, won the 1995 Carnegie Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's outstanding English-language children's book. For the 70th anniversary of the medal it was named one of the top ten winning works by a panel assembled to compose the ballot for a public election of the all-time favourite. It won the public vote from that shortlist and was thus named the all-time \"Carnegie of Carnegies\" in June 2007. It was adapted as a film under the book's US title, The Golden Compass. In 2003, His Dark Materials trilogy was ranked third in the BBC's The Big Read, a poll of the Top 200 novels voted by the British public.", "Q66558": "Lazarus von Schwendi, Bar\u00f3n de Hohenlandsberg (Hungarian: Schwendi L\u00e1z\u00e1r; 1522, Mittelbiberach \u2013 28 May 1583) was an Austrian military commander and general in the Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Empire.", "Q1232428": "The University of the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, EHU; Spanish: Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco, UPV; UPV/EHU) is the public university of the Basque Autonomous Community. Heir of the University of Bilbao, initially it was made up of the Faculty of Economic and Business Sciences of Sarriko (1955), Medicine (1968) and Sciences (1968). Following the General Law of Education (1970), the Nautical School (1784), the School of Business Studies of Bilbao (1818) and the Technical Schools of Engineers (1897) joined in, until it grew into the complex of thirty centers that compose it presently. \nIt has campuses over the three provinces of the autonomous community: Biscay Campus (in Leioa, Bilbao, Portugalete and Barakaldo), Gipuzkoa Campus (in San Sebasti\u00e1n and Eibar), and \u00c1lava Campus in Vitoria-Gasteiz. It stands out as the main research institution in the Basque Country, carrying out 90% of the basic research carried out in that territory and benefiting from the good industrial environment in the region.", "Q51492": "Frank Russell Capra (born Francesco Rosario Capra; May 18, 1897 \u2013 September 3, 1991) was an Italian-American film director, producer and writer who became the creative force behind some of the major award-winning films of the 1930s and 1940s. Born in Italy and raised in Los Angeles from the age of five, his rags-to-riches story has led film historians such as Ian Freer to consider him the \"American Dream personified.\"Capra became one of America's most influential directors during the 1930s, winning three Academy Awards for Best Director from six nominations, along with three other Oscar wins from nine nominations in other categories. Among his leading films were It Happened One Night (1934), You Can't Take It with You (1938), and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939); Capra was nominated as Best Director and as producer for Academy Award for Best Picture on all three films, winning both awards on the first two. During World War II, Capra served in the U.S. Army Signal Corps and produced propaganda films, such as the Why We Fight series.\nAfter World War II, Capra's career declined as his later films, such as It's a Wonderful Life (1946), performed poorly when they were first released. In ensuing decades, however, It's a Wonderful Life and other Capra films were revisited favorably by critics. Outside of directing, Capra was active in the film industry, engaging in various political and social activities. He served as President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, worked alongside the Writers Guild of America, and was head of the Directors Guild of America.\n\n", "Q453088": "Invasion, U.S.A. (sometime stylized Invasion USA) is a 1952 American drama film based on a story by Robert Smith and Franz Spencer and directed by Alfred E. Green. The film stars Gerald Mohr, Peggie Castle and Dan O'Herlihy. Invasion, U.S.A. is set in the Cold War and portrays the invasion of the United States by an unnamed Communist enemy meant to be taken as the Soviet Union.", "Q539245": "Baron G\u00e1bor Kem\u00e9ny (14 December 1910 \u2013 19 March 1946) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Government of National Unity led by Sz\u00e1lasi between 1944 and 1945. He prevented the diplomatic protests against the terror. After the fall of Budapest he tried to escape into Western Europe, but the arriving American troops captured him with other members of the Arrow Cross Party's government. He was tried by the People's Tribunal in Budapest in open sessions and sentenced to death for war crimes and high treason. Kem\u00e9ny was hanged in 1946 in Budapest. He was the youngest member of that Government.", "Q313185": "Fritz Reuter Leiber Jr. (December 24, 1910 \u2013 September 5, 1992) was an American writer of fantasy, horror, and science fiction. He was also a poet, actor in theater and films, playwright and chess expert. With writers such as Robert E. Howard and Michael Moorcock, Leiber can be regarded as one of the fathers of sword and sorcery fantasy, having coined the term.", "Q2158319": "Sergei Sergeevich Brukhonenko (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0440\u044e\u0445\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, 30 April 1890 in Kozlov \u2013 20 April 1960) was a Soviet physician, biomedical scientist and technologist during the Stalinist era. Brukhonenko's research was vital to the development of open-heart procedures in Russia. He was one of the leaders of the Research Institute of Experimental Surgery, where Professor Alexander Vishnevsky performed the first Soviet open-heart operation in 1957.\nBrukhonenko is primarily remembered for his development of the autojektor, one of the first heart and lung machines. The device was used with mixed results in a series of experiments with canines during the year 1939, which can be seen in the film Experiments in the Revival of Organisms. While some today speculate that the film is a re-staging of the procedures, the experiments themselves were well documented, and resulted in Brukhonenko being posthumously awarded the prestigious Lenin Prize.\nBrukhonenko was also known for his experiments of decapitating animals (mainly dogs) and attempting to put them on life support thus keeping the head alive for multiple hours.", "Q3854074": "Melvin Floyd \"Mel\" Sembler (born May 10, 1930) is former United States Ambassador to Italy (2001\u20132005), and former Ambassador to Australia and Nauru (1989\u20131993). He has also served as Chairman of the Board of the Sembler Company, which develops and manages shopping centers, and co-founder of Straight, Inc., a controversial drug-treatment center. Sembler is the chairman of the Scooter Libby Legal Defense Trust, and was a co-chair of the Florida Finance Committee for Mitt Romney.", "Q1715512": "J\u00f6rg Schneider (7 February 1935 \u2013 22 August 2015) was a Swiss stage and film actor starring usually in Swiss German-language cinema and television and stage productions. He gained great renownedness in the German-speaking area by numerous Kasperle, Pumuckl and fairytale-radio plays records and also adapted plays for the Swiss German language.", "Q78000": "Georg Weerth (17 February 1822 \u2013 30 July 1856) was a German writer. Weerth's poems celebrated the solidarity of the working class in its fight for liberation from exploitation and oppression. He was a friend and companion of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who described Georg Weerth as the first and most significant poet of the German proletariat.", "Q643237": "Vasili Yevgrafovich Samarsky-Bykhovets (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439-\u0411\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0446; November 7, 1803 \u2013 May 31, 1870) was a Russian mining engineer and the chief of Russian Mining Engineering Corps between 1845 and 1861. The mineral samarskite (samarskite-Y, samarskite-Yb and calciosamarskite), and chemical element samarium are named after him. He was the first person whose name was given to a chemical element.", "Q77333": "Emanuel von Geibel (17 October 1815 \u2013 6 April 1884), German poet and playwright.", "Q105993": "Die Hard 2 is a 1990 American action thriller film and the second installment in the Die Hard film series. The film was released on July 4, 1990 in the United States. The film was directed by Renny Harlin, written by Steven E. deSouza and Doug Richardson and stars Bruce Willis as John McClane. The film co-stars Bonnie Bedelia, William Sadler, Art Evans, William Atherton, Franco Nero, Dennis Franz, Fred Thompson, John Amos and Reginald VelJohnson.\nThe screenplay was adapted from Walter Wager's novel 58 Minutes. The novel has the same plot but differs slightly: a cop must stop terrorists who take an airport hostage while his daughter's plane circles overhead, and has 58 minutes to do so before the plane crashes. Roderick Thorp, who wrote the novel Nothing Lasts Forever, upon which Die Hard was based, receives credit for creating \"certain original characters\", although his name is misspelled onscreen as \"Roderick Thorpe\".\nAs with the first film, the action in Die Hard 2 takes place on Christmas Eve. McClane is waiting for his wife to land at Washington Dulles International Airport when terrorists take over the air traffic control system. He must stop the terrorists before his wife's plane and several other incoming flights that are circling the airport run out of fuel and crash. During the night, McClane must also contend with airport police and a military commander, none of whom want his assistance.\nThe film was preceded by Die Hard (1988) and followed by Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995), Live Free or Die Hard (2007), and A Good Day to Die Hard (2013).", "Q68213": "Orbe (Latin: Urba; German: Orbach) is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It was the seat of the former district of Orbe and is now part of the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois.", "Q67120": "Gr\u00fcningen is a town and municipality in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland, notable for its well-preserved historic nucleus.", "Q2758142": "Les Inrockuptibles (stylized as les inRocKuptibles; French pronunciation: \u200b[lez\u025b\u0303\u0281\u0254kyptibl]) is a French cultural magazine. Started as a monthly magazine in 1986, it became weekly in 1995. In the beginning, rock music was the magazine's primary focus, though every issue included articles on other topics, generally with a left-wing approach. \nThe magazine has produced several tribute records, including I'm Your Fan to Leonard Cohen in 1991, The Smiths is dead in 1996 and Monsieur Gainsbourg Revisited in 2006. Since 1988 it has included CD compilations as part of individual issues.Guillaume B. Decherf, a music critic and journalist for the magazine, was killed during the November 2015 Paris attacks at an Eagles of Death Metal concert at the Bataclan..\nThere is a Spanish-language edition of the magazine made in Argentina named Los Inrockuptibles.\n\n", "Q3260271": "Louis-Ad\u00e9lard Sen\u00e9cal (July 10, 1829 \u2013 October 11, 1887) was a Quebec businessman and political figure. He was a Conservative member in the 1st Canadian Parliament representing Drummond\u2014Arthabaska, represented Yamaska in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1871 and was a member of the Senate of Canada for Mille Isles division in 1887.\nHe was born Louis-Ad\u00e9lard S\u00e9n\u00e9cal in Varennes, Lower Canada in 1829 and then moved to Verch\u00e8res with his family while still very young. In 1850, he set up a general store there with a partner. The following year, he entered the business of selling grain with his father. He declared bankruptcy the following year due to debts incurred earlier; his father and wife helped him settle these debts. In 1853, in partnership with his father and others, he became the owner and captain of a steamship travelling between Verch\u00e8res and Montreal. The company acquired additional vessels and Sen\u00e9cal formed partnerships with a number of other shipping companies transporting goods in the region. He also speculated in land and was involved in the operation of sawmills and flour mills. In 1867, he was forced to declare personal bankruptcy. This did not affect the Pierreville Steam Mills Company, of which he was a part owner. However, he was forced to sell his share in the company after a series of fires left him short of liquid assets.\nHe was elected to both the provincial and federal legislatures in 1867. During the 1870s, he expanded into railway construction, building the Richelieu, Drummond and Arthabaska Counties Railway. His son-in-law, Charles-Ignace Gill, a member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, helped provide Sen\u00e9cal with the required political connections for railway construction and also looked after some of Sen\u00e9cal's other business interests while he was otherwise occupied. In 1880, he was named superintendent for the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railway; sections of this railway were later sold to the Canadian Pacific Railway and the Grand Trunk Railway. Sen\u00e9cal was also treasurer for the Parti conservateur du Qu\u00e9bec during this period which many saw as a conflict of interest because of the heavy government involvement in railways at the time. During the 1880s, he was also president of the Montreal City Passenger Railway Company, the North Shore Railway and the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company. In 1883, he received the cross of commander in the French L\u00e9gion d'honneur.\nHe was named to the Senate in January 1887 but died in Montreal later that year.\n\n", "Q1632807": "Huang Wanli (simplified Chinese: \u9ec4\u4e07\u91cc; traditional Chinese: \u9ec3\u842c\u91cc; pinyin: Hu\u00e1ng W\u00e0nl\u01d0; 20 August 1911 \u2212 27 August 2001) was a Chinese hydrologist. Huang was a professor at Tsinghua University from 1953 till 2001.", "Q683775": "Marduk is a Swedish black metal band. The group formed in 1990 in the city of Norrk\u00f6ping and released their first album in 1992. Their name is derived from the Babylonian god Marduk, patron deity of Babylon.", "Q182142": "Freimut Stein (June 16, 1924 \u2013 September 15, 1986) was a German figure skater. Stein was a single male skater and the German champion from 1952 to 1954. In 1953, he won the bronze medal at the European championships. He represented the club 1. FC N\u00fcrnberg section Roll- und Eissport. From 1950 to 1954, he was also the German champion in roller skating. He was the roller skate world champion in 1951 and 1952. After his skating career, he became a figure skating judge. In 1964, his book Eiskunstlaufen: eine Einf\u00fchrung (Figure skating: an introduction) was published. Dr. Freimut Stein continued writing books about various subjects.\n\n", "Q63346": "Hermann Scheer (29 April 1944 \u2013 14 October 2010) was a Social Democrat member of the German Bundestag (parliament), President of Eurosolar (European Association for Renewable Energy) and General Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy. In 1999, Scheer was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for his \"indefatigable work for the promotion of solar energy worldwide\".Scheer believed that the continuation of current patterns of energy supply and use would be environmentally, socially, economically, and politically damaging, with renewable energy being the only realistic alternative. Scheer had concluded that it is technically and environmentally feasible to harness enough solar radiation to achieve a total replacement of the foclear (fossil/nuclear) energy system by a global renewable energy economy. The main obstacle to such a change is seen to be political, not technical or economic. In 1999 he was one of the initiators of the German feed-in tariffs that were the major source of the rise of renewable energies in Germany during the following years.\n\n", "Q1701567": "John Richard \"Jack\" Garland (January 1, 1918 \u2013 March 14, 1964) was a Canadian politician, who was a longtime member of the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Nipissing. He was a member of the Liberal Party of Canada.\nGarland was first elected in 1949, when incumbent member L\u00e9o Gauthier moved to represent the new Sudbury riding. He was reelected in every subsequent election until his death in 1964.\nGarland was appointed Minister of National Revenue in the government of Lester Pearson in 1963, and held that cabinet position when he died. He was given a state funeral.\nAs a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada he was entitled to use the honorific The Honourable.\nThe airport in North Bay is named Jack Garland Airport and John Garland Boulevard in Toronto were named in his memory.", "Q1030293": "Sali Nivica or Sali Nivitza (May 15, 1890 \u2013 January 10, 1920) was a politician, a patriot, an Albanian journalist and a teacher. For his patriotic activity he received the highest Albanian award, 'Honour of the Nation' as well as that of 'Teacher of the People'. \nNivica was born in Rexhin village in the southern Ottoman Albania, today's Tepelen\u00eb.\n\n", "Q119362": "Jean-Paul Besset (born 1946 in Chamali\u00e8res, Puy-de-D\u00f4me) is a French politician and environmentalist.\nAn original member of the Revolutionary Communist League (LCR), he stayed in the LCR for eleven years, from its launch in 1974 until 1985.\nAs a founder of the Europe \u00c9cologie coalition in 2008, he was selected to lead the Europe \u00c9cologie list in the Massif Central constituency ahead of the 2009 European elections.\nDuring the 2014 European elections, his list receives 6,88% of the vote, down from the 13,58% of 2009, his party losing its only seat in the Massif Central constituency and his party going nationally from 12 in 2009 to 6 European seats after the elections. He leaves the party in January 2016 criticising \u00abinternal divisions and personal individualism\u00bb.", "Q23762": "Andr\u00e9 Honnorat (December 10, 1868 \u2013 July 24, 1950) was a French politician. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1910 to 1921, and as a member of the French Senate from 1921 to 1945, representing Basses-Alpes.Together with \u00c9mile Deutsch de la Meurthe, he created the Cit\u00e9 Internationale Universitaire de Paris (CIUP), and there is also a residence there which is named after him.", "Q371066": "Bj\u00f6rn Herman Leonard Gustafson (born 30 November 1934) is a Swedish actor. He was born in Stockholm and has appeared in 93 films and television shows since 1956. He starred in the 1965 film Love 65, which was entered into the 15th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q470651": "Harry Brearley (18 February 1871 \u2013 14 July 1948)\nwas an English metallurgist, credited with the invention of \"rustless steel\" (later to be called \"stainless steel\" in the anglophone world). Based in Sheffield, his invention brought affordable cutlery to the masses, and saw an expansion of the city\u2019s traditional cutlery trade.", "Q66216": "Wolf Lepenies (born 11 January 1941) is a German sociologist, political scientist, and author.", "Q3275132": "Theodore \"Teddy\" Yip (Chinese: \u8449\u5fb7\u5229; pinyin: Y\u00e8 D\u00e9l\u00ec; Jyutping: jip6 dak1 lei6) was an Indonesian-Dutch businessman who was instrumental in developing Macau as a tourist destination and who was a Formula One team owner in the 1970s.", "Q228649": "John XV and Pope John XV can also refer to Pope John XV of Alexandria.Pope John XV (Latin: Ioannes XV; died on 1 April 996) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from August 985 until his death. A Roman by birth, he was the first pope who canonized a saint. The origins of the investiture controversy stem from John XV's pontificate, when the dispute about the deposition of Archbishop Arnulf of Reims soured the relationship between the Capetian kings of France and the Holy See.", "Q499971": "La Oreja de Van Gogh (Spanish pronunciation: [la o\u02c8\u027eexa \u00f0e \u03b2a\u014b \u02c8\u0261o\u0263]; English: Van Gogh's Ear, literally The Ear of Van Gogh) is a Spanish pop band from Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain. The band's lyrics and compositions are written primarily by Xabi San Mart\u00edn, and additionally by Pablo Benegas and Amaia Montero (who remained in the group until her departure in 2007). The lyrical themes of their songs typically include love, friendship and relationships. Since their debut, they have sold more than 8 million albums worldwide.In November 2007, lead singer Amaia Montero announced that she would be leaving the group to begin a solo career. Her replacement, Leire Mart\u00ednez, was announced in July 2008; the first single featuring the new singer, \"El \u00daltimo Vals\" (The Last Waltz), was released at the same time. The album from which the single was taken, A las cinco en el Astoria, followed in September 2008. Leire was discovered on the Spanish reality show Factor X.", "Q115570": "P-Vine Records is an independent record label started by Blues Interactions, a firm in Tokyo, Japan. The label was established in 1975 by Yasufumi Higurashi and Akira Kochi. It started specializing in blues but expanded to cover jazz, Latin, funk, j-pop, house music, and garage punk.\nThe label has released some newly recorded materials, including the album Original Chicago Blues with Kansas City Red, Eddie Taylor, and Big John Wrencher But its focus has been on reissuing vintage recordings. P-Vine has released materials from labels such as Chess, Delmark, Modern/Kent, Black Top, and Alligator. It was also responsible for releasing previously unreleased live and studio recordings by Parliament-Funkadelic, as well for releasing albums on CD that were previously only released on vinyl.\nApart from P-Vine label, Blues Interactions runs other labels, such as Substance and P-Vine NonStop, and publishes magazines (Blues & Soul Records and Black Music Review) and books.\nFrom late 1970s to the 1980s, it P-Vine organized concerts such as the Blues Show with Albert Collins, Eddie Vinson, and John Lee Hooker traveling to Japan. Around 2007, Blues Interactions reactivated its concert promoter business. In 2008, it organized the first P-Vine Blues Festival in Tokyo with Willie Walker and others on the bill.\nBlues Interactions had been independently owned by the two founders until November 2006 when Space Shower Networks, a cable-television enterprise focusing on music, acquired 49% of its stock. In November 2007, Blues Interactions became wholly owned subsidiary of Space Shower, and the two founders withdrew from management. The new management announced that the company would maintain the P-Vine label and its name.", "Q3630699": "Game design is the art of applying design and aesthetics to create a game for entertainment or for educational, exercise, or experimental purposes. Increasingly, elements and principles of game design are also applied to other interactions, in the form of gamification.\nGame design creates goals, rules and challenges to define a board game, card game, dice game, casino game, role-playing game, sport, video game, war game or simulation that produces desirable interactions among its participants and, possibly, spectators.\nAcademically, game design is part of game studies, while game theory studies strategic decision making (primarily in non-game situations). Games have historically inspired seminal research in the fields of probability, artificial intelligence, economics, and optimization theory. Applying game design to itself is a current research topic in metadesign.", "Q266240": "Barbara Steele (born 29 December 1937) is a British film actress and producer. Famous for her starring in Italian Gothic horror films of the 1960s, her breakthrough performance was in Black Sunday (1960), where she played the dual role of Asa and Princess Katia Vajda.\nAdditionally, Steele had supporting parts in Federico Fellini's 8\u00bd (1963), and appeared on television in the 1991 miniseries Dark Shadows. Steele has appeared in several films in the 2010s, including a lead role in The Butterfly Room (2012) and supporting role in Ryan Gosling's Lost River (2014).", "Q197201": "Zhang Jie (simplified Chinese: \u5f20\u6d01; traditional Chinese: \u5f35\u6f54; pinyin: Zh\u0101ng Ji\u00e9; Wade\u2013Giles: Chang Chieh, born 1937) is a Chinese novelist and short-story writer. She is one of China's first contributors to feminist fiction.\nHer novel Leaden Wings was translated into German in 1982 and published in England in 1987 by Virago Press. She was awarded the Mao Dun Literature Prize in 1985 for Leaden Wings and in 2005 for Without a Word, making her the first writer to receive the award twice.\n\n", "Q4422296": "Aleksandr Ivanovich Skorobogatko (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043a\u043e) (born September 15, 1967) is a Ukrainian-Russian billionaire businessman and former deputy member in the State Duma, having represented the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (2003-2007) and United Russia (2007-2016). He has previously served as the Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Civil, Criminal, Arbitral and Procedural Law.", "Q2835947": "Panayiotis \"Ben\" Agathangelou (born 4 November 1971 in Hackney, London) is a Cypriot-British automotive engineer, specialising in aerodynamics, who currently works for the Haas F1 Team.", "Q2733913": "Deram Records was a subsidiary record label of Decca Records established in the United Kingdom in 1966. At the time, U.K. Decca was a different company from the Decca label in the United States, which was owned by MCA Inc. Deram recordings were distributed in the U.S. through UK Decca's American branch known as London Records. Deram was active until 1979, then continued as a reissue label.", "Q952737": "Diego Abad de Santill\u00e1n (May 20, 1897 \u2013 October 18, 1983), born Sinesio Vaudilio Garc\u00eda Fern\u00e1ndez, was an anarcho-syndicalist activist, economist, author, and a leading figure in the Spanish and Argentine anarchist movements.", "Q228891": "Martha Maria Yeardley Smith ( YARD-lee; born 3 July 1964) is a French born American actress, writer, and artist. She is known for her long-running role as Lisa Simpson on the animated television series The Simpsons.\nSmith became an actress in 1982 after graduating from drama school and moved to New York City in 1984, where she appeared in the Broadway production of Tom Stoppard's The Real Thing. She made her film debut in 1985's Heaven Help Us, followed by roles in The Legend of Billie Jean and Maximum Overdrive. She moved to Los Angeles in 1986 and took a recurring role in the television series Brothers. \nIn 1987, Smith auditioned for the Simpsons shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show. Smith intended to audition for the role of Bart Simpson, but the casting director felt her voice was too high, and she was cast as Bart's sister Lisa. In 1989, the shorts were spun off into their own half-hour show, The Simpsons. For her work on The Simpsons, Smith received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance in 1992. \nAlongside The Simpsons, Smith appeared in the sitcom Herman's Head as Louise, and had recurring appearances as Marlene on Dharma & Greg and Penny in two episodes of Dead Like Me. She has appeared in several films, including City Slickers, Just Write, Toys and As Good as It Gets. In 2004, Smith performed an off-Broadway one-woman show entitled More at the Union Square Theatre in New York City. Aside from The Simpsons, Smith has recorded few voice-over parts, only commercials and the film We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story. Smith starred in and served as executive producer for the independent romantic comedy Waiting For Ophelia, which had its world premiere at the Phoenix Film Festival in April 2009.\nSmith was married to actor Christopher Grove from 1990 to 1992 and Daniel Erickson from 2002 to 2008. She enjoys writing and painting. During the first season of Herman's Head, Smith taught herself to paint by copying other artists. She released a children's book titled I, Lorelei in 2009 and her story \"The Race\" was included in the book Just Humor Me.", "Q41871": "Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 \u2013 September 26, 2008) was an American actor, film director, producer, race car driver, IndyCar owner, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. He won and was nominated for numerous awards, winning an Oscar for his performance in the 1986 film The Color of Money, a BAFTA Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a Cannes Film Festival Award, an Emmy Award, and many others. Newman's other roles include the title characters in The Hustler (1961), Hud (1963), Harper (1966) Cool Hand Luke (1967), Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean (1972), and leading roles in The Sting (1973), Slap Shot (1977), and The Verdict (1982). He voiced Doc Hudson in the first installment of Disney-Pixar's Cars as his final acting performance, with voice recordings being used in Cars 3 (2017).\nNewman won several national championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing, and his race teams won several championships in open-wheel IndyCar racing. He was a co-founder of Newman's Own, a food company from which he donated all post-tax profits and royalties to charity. As of November 2018, these donations have totaled over US$535 million. He was a co-founder of Safe Water Network, a nonprofit that develops sustainable drinking water solutions for those in need.In 1988, Newman founded the SeriousFun Children's Network, a global family of summer camps and programs for children with serious illness which has served 290,076 children since its inception. In 2006, Paul Newman also co-founded Safe Water Network with John Whitehead, former chairman of Goldman Sachs, and Josh Weston, former chairman of ADP, to improve access to safe water to underserved communities around the world. He was the husband of Oscar winning actress Joanne Woodward.", "Q103312": "Willi Dickhut (29 April 1904 \u2013 8 May 1992) was a German communist and cofounder of the Marxist\u2013Leninist Party of Germany (Marxistisch\u2013Leninistische Partei Deutschlands).", "Q635389": "Jean-Baptiste Charles Joseph B\u00e9langer (4 April 1790 \u2013 8 May 1874) was a French applied mathematician who worked in the areas of hydraulics and hydrodynamics. He was a professor at the \u00c9cole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, \u00c9cole Polytechnique and \u00c9cole des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es in France. In hydraulic engineering, he is often credited improperly for the application of the momentum principle to a hydraulic jump in a rectangular open channel in 1828. His true contribution in 1828 was the development of the backwater equation for gradually varied flows in open channels B\u00e9langer 1828 and the application of the momentum principle to the hydraulic jump flow in 1838.B\u00e9langer 1841", "Q935974": "Kullervo Achilles Manner (12 October 1880 \u2013 15 January 1939) was a Finnish journalist and politician, and later a Soviet politician. He was a member of the Finnish parliament, serving as its Speaker in 1917. He was also chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Finland between 1917 and 1918. During the Finnish Civil War, he led the Finnish People's Delegation, a leftist alternative to the established Finnish government. After the war, he escaped to the Soviet Union, where he co-founded the Finnish Communist Party.\n\n", "Q229557": "Zum Teufel mit der Penne is a 1968 West German comedy film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Peter Alexander, Hansi Kraus and Hannelore Elsner. Its English title is To Hell with School. It was the second in the 7-part Die L\u00fcmmel von der ersten Bank series of comedy films.", "Q70474": "Ludwig von Friedeburg (21 May 1924, in Wilhelmshaven \u2013 17 May 2010, in Frankfurt am Main) was a German politician and sociologist. He served as Minister for Education for the state of Hesse from 1969 until 1974. During that period he forced the installation of Comprehensive Schools in the state of Hesse, heavily opposed by the Christian Democratic Union. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.\nHis father was Hans-Georg von Friedeburg, Commander-in-chief of the Kriegsmarine. During the last year of World War II, Ludwig von Friedeburg became the youngest U-Boat-commander of Germany ever during war periods, aged only 20. He served as commander of U-155 and U-4710.\n\n", "Q265991": "Angela Marie Bettis (born January 9, 1973) is an American film and stage actress, film producer, and director best known for her lead roles in the 2002 TV adaptation of the Stephen King novel Carrie, May (2002), and Girl, Interrupted (1999).\nIn addition to her work in film, Bettis also starred in two Broadway productions: The Father in 1996 with Frank Langella, and as Abigail Williams in a 2002 revival of Arthur Miller's The Crucible alongside Liam Neeson and Laura Linney.", "Q3322718": "Montgomery Cunningham Meigs (; May 3, 1816 \u2013 January 2, 1892) was a career United States Army officer and civil engineer, who served as Quartermaster General of the U.S. Army during and after the American Civil War. Meigs strongly opposed secession and supported the Union; his record as Quartermaster General was regarded as outstanding, both in effectiveness and in ethical probity, and Secretary of State William H. Seward viewed it as a key factor in the Union victory.\nMeigs was one of the principal architects of Arlington National Cemetery; the choice of its location, on Robert E. Lee's family estate, Arlington House, was partly a gesture to humiliate Lee for siding with the Confederacy.", "Q339036": "Bill Johnson (born December 16, 1951) is an American actor, known for his role as Leatherface in the 1986 horror film The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2.", "Q842256": "Musical film is a film genre in which songs by the characters are interwoven into the narrative, sometimes accompanied by dancing.\nThe songs usually advance the plot or develop the film's characters, but in some cases, they serve merely as breaks in the storyline, often as elaborate \"production numbers.\"\nThe musical film was a natural development of the stage musical after the emergence of sound film technology. Typically, the biggest difference between film and stage musicals is the use of lavish background scenery and locations that would be impractical in a theater. Musical films characteristically contain elements reminiscent of theater; performers often treat their song and dance numbers as if a live audience were watching. In a sense, the viewer becomes the diegetic audience, as the performer looks directly into the camera and performs to it.", "Q641408": "Brad William Henke (born April 10, 1966) is an American actor and former National Football League and Arena Football League player. He is best known for his role as prison guard Desi Piscatella on Orange Is The New Black, for which he won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series in 2016.", "Q62070": "Carabbia is a quarter of the city of Lugano, Switzerland. Carabbia (founded 1213) was formerly a municipality of its own, having been incorporated into Lugano in 2008.", "Q44909": "Candice Caleb (November 13, 1961 \u2013 May 6, 2016), known professionally as Candye Kane, was an American blues singer and entertainer. She entered a successful music career after working in the adult entertainment industry briefly in the early-mid 80\u2019s, during porn's golden age. Candye was recognized as an award-winning singer, songwriter, and performer in the blues and jazz genres. She was included in the books Rolling Stone Guide to Jazz and Blues, Elwood's Blues by Dan Aykroyd, The Blueshound Guide to Blues, AllMusic, and other blues books and periodicals.", "Q431143": "Bo\u017eena Bene\u0161ov\u00e1, n\u00e9e Zapletalov\u00e1 (November 30, 1873, Nov\u00fd Ji\u010d\u00edn - April 8, 1936, Prague), was a Czech author and poet whose work is considered to have been at the forefront of psychological prose. The greater part of her youth was spent in Uhersk\u00e9 Hradi\u0161t\u011b and Napajedla, where in 1896 she married a railway clerk named Josef Bene\u0161. In 1908 she and her husband moved to Prague.", "Q682443": "The Episcopal Church (TEC) is a member church of the worldwide Anglican Communion and is based in the United States with additional dioceses elsewhere. It is a mainline Christian denomination divided into nine provinces. The presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church is Michael Bruce Curry, the first African-American bishop to serve in that position.\nIn 2018, the Episcopal Church had 1,835,931 baptized members, of whom 1,676,349 were in the United States. In 2011, it was the nation's 14th largest denomination. In 2015, Pew Research estimated that 1.2 percent of the adult population in the United States, or 3 million people, self-identify as mainline Episcopalians.The church was organized after the American Revolution, when it became separate from the Church of England, whose clergy are required to swear allegiance to the British monarch as Supreme Governor of the Church of England. The Episcopal Church describes itself as \"Protestant, yet Catholic\". The Episcopal Church claims apostolic succession, tracing its bishops back to the apostles via holy orders. The Book of Common Prayer, a collection of traditional rites, blessings, liturgies, and prayers used throughout the Anglican Communion, is central to Episcopal worship.\nThe Episcopal Church was active in the Social Gospel movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1960s and 1970s, the church has pursued a decidedly more liberal course. It has opposed the death penalty and supported the civil rights movement and affirmative action. Some of its leaders and priests are known for marching with influential civil rights demonstrators such as Martin Luther King Jr. The church calls for the full legal equality of LGBT people. In 2015, the church's 78th triennial General Convention passed resolutions allowing the blessing of same-sex marriages and approved two official liturgies to bless such unions.The Episcopal Church ordains women and LGBT people to the priesthood, the diaconate, and the episcopate, despite opposition from a number of other member churches of the Anglican Communion. In 2003, Gene Robinson became the first openly gay person ordained as a bishop.", "Q111716": "Will Dohm (8 April 1897 \u2013 28 November 1948) was a German film actor. He is the father of the actress Gaby Dohm.", "Q311962": "Michael Elliot Epps is an American stand-up comedian, actor, film producer, writer, and rapper. He is best known for playing Day-Day Jones in Next Friday and its sequel, Friday After Next, and also appearing in The Hangover as \"Black Doug\". He was the voice of Boog in Open Season 2 (replacing Martin Lawrence). As of 2010, Epps was the executive producer on a documentary about the life story of a former member of Tupac Shakur's Outlawz, Napoleon: Life of an Outlaw. He is also known for playing Lloyd Jefferson \"L.J.\" Wade in Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004) and Resident Evil: Extinction (2007) respectively.", "Q116079": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Rime (born 28 June 1950) is a Swiss entrepreneur and politician from the Canton of Fribourg, representing the Swiss People's Party in the National Council.\nRime owns a sawmill in Bulle. As a member of the Free Democratic Party, he belonged to the municipal parliament of Bulle from 1989 to 1991. After joining the Swiss People's Party, he was elected to the national parliament in 2003. Since his reelection in 2007, he is vice president of the party's parliamentary group.\nIn August 2008, the People's Party announced Rime's candidature in the 2010 Swiss Federal Council election.", "Q1423756": "Texas Tech University (Texas Tech, Tech, or TTU) is a public research university in Lubbock, Texas. Established on February 10, 1923 (1923-02-10), and called until 1969 Texas Technological College, it is the main institution of the four-institution Texas Tech University System. The university's student enrollment is the seventh-largest in Texas as of the Fall 2017 semester.\nThe university offers degrees in more than 150 courses of study through 13 colleges and hosts 60 research centers and institutes. Texas Tech University has awarded over 200,000 degrees since 1927, including over 40,000 graduate and professional degrees. The Carnegie Foundation classifies Texas Tech as having \"highest research activity\". Research projects in the areas of epidemiology, pulsed power, grid computing, nanophotonics, atmospheric sciences, and wind energy are among the most prominent at the university. The Spanish Renaissance-themed campus, described by author James Michener as \"the most beautiful west of the Mississippi until you get to Stanford\", has been awarded the Grand Award for excellence in grounds-keeping, and has been noted for possessing a public art collection among the ten best in the United States.\nThe Texas Tech Red Raiders are charter members of the Big 12 Conference and compete in Division I for all varsity sports. The Red Raiders football team has made 36 bowl appearances, which is 17th most of any university. The Red Raiders basketball team has made 14 appearances in the NCAA Division I Tournament. Bob Knight has coached the second most wins in men's NCAA Division I basketball history and served as the team's head coach from 2001 to 2008. The Lady Raiders basketball team won the 1993 NCAA Division I Tournament. In 1999, Texas Tech's Goin' Band from Raiderland received the Sudler Trophy, which is awarded to \"recognize collegiate marching bands of particular excellence\".\nAlthough the majority of the university's students are from the southwestern United States, the school has served students from all 50 states and more than 100 countries. Texas Tech University alumni and former students have gone on to prominent careers in government, business, science, medicine, education, sports, and entertainment.", "Q366532": "Wayne Alan Root (born July 20, 1961) is an American far-right conspiracy theorist and controversial radio host. He is the host of The Wayne Allyn Root Show on the USA Radio Network. Root was an opinion columnist for the Las Vegas Review-Journal.Root was the Vice Presidential nominee for the Libertarian Party in the 2008 presidential election. In 2012, he left the Libertarian Party and re-joined the Republican Party.", "Q1240096": "Hyderabad State (pronunciation ), also known as Hyderabad Deccan, was an Indian princely state located in the south-central region of India with its capital at the city of Hyderabad. It is now divided into Telangana state, the Hyderabad-Karnataka region of Karnataka, and the Marathwada region of Maharashtra.\nThe state was ruled from 1724 to 1857 by the Nizam, who was initially a viceroy of the Mughal empire in the Deccan. Hyderabad gradually became the first princely state to come under British paramountcy signing a subsidiary alliance agreement. During British rule in 1901 the state had an average revenue of Rs.417,00,000, making it the wealthiest princely state in India. The native inhabitants of Hyderabad Deccan, regardless of ethnic origin, are called \"Mulki\" (countryman), a term still used today.The dynasty declared itself an independent monarchy during the final years of the British Raj. After the Partition of India, Hyderabad signed a standstill agreement with the new dominion of India, continuing all previous arrangements except for the stationing of Indian troops in the state. Hyderabad's location in the middle of the Indian union, as well as its diverse cultural heritage, was a driving force behind India's annexation of the state in 1948. Subsequently, Mir Osman Ali Khan, the 7th Nizam, signed an instrument of accession, joining India.", "Q563177": "Noah George Taylor (born 4 September 1969) is a British-Australian actor. He is best known for his roles as teenage David Helfgott in Shine, Locke in HBO series Game of Thrones, Mr. Bucket in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Danny in the Australian cult film He Died with a Felafel in His Hand. Taylor also starred as Adolf Hitler in Max and Preacher.", "Q62716": "Karl Wilhelm Georg August von Einem genannt von Rothmaler (1 January 1853 \u2013 7 April 1934) was the commander of the German 3rd Army during the First World War and served as the Prussian Minister of War responsible for much of the German military buildup prior to the outbreak of the war.\n\n", "Q483097": "Kang Chol-hwan (pronounced [ka\u0320\u014b t\u0255\u02b0\u028c\u0339l.\u03b2\u02b7a\u0320n]; born 18 September 1968) is a North Korean defector and author. As a child, he was imprisoned in the Yodok concentration camp for 10 years. After his release he fled the country, first to China and eventually to South Korea. He is the author, with Pierre Rigoulot, of The Aquariums of Pyongyang and worked as a staff writer specialized in North Korean affairs for The Chosun Ilbo. He is the founder and president of the North Korea Strategy Center.", "Q356397": "Israel Horovitz (born March 31, 1939) is an American playwright, director, actor and co-founder of the Gloucester Stage Company in 1979. He served as artistic director until 2006 and later served on the board, ex officio and as artistic director emeritus until his resignation in November 2017 after The New York Times reported allegations of sexual misconduct.", "Q205903": "Doc is a 1971 American western film, which tells the story of the gunfight at the O.K. Corral and of one of its protagonists, Doc Holliday. It stars Stacy Keach, Faye Dunaway, and Harris Yulin. It was directed by Frank Perry. Pete Hamill wrote the original screenplay. The film was shot in Almeria in southern Spain.", "Q8032819": "Woodland Cemetery and Arboretum (200 acres), located at 118 Woodland Avenue, Dayton, Ohio, is one of the oldest garden cemeteries in the United States.\nWoodland was incorporated in 1842 by John Whitten Van Cleve, the first male child born in Dayton. He was the son of Benjamin Van Cleve and Mary Whitten Van Cleve. The cemetery began with 40 acres (160,000 m2) southeast of Dayton and has been enlarged to its present size of 200 acres (0.81 km2). Over 3,000 trees and 165 specimens of native Midwestern trees and woody plants grace the rolling hills. Many of the trees are more than a century old and 9 have been designated \"Ohio Champions.\" The highest point in Dayton is within the cemetery, and during the Great Dayton Flood of 1913, it became a place of refuge.\nThe Romanesque gateway, chapel and office, completed in 1889, are on the National Register of Historic Places. The buildings were constructed of the stone from the original cemetery wall. The chapel has one of the finest original Tiffany windows in the country. A mausoleum, with a rock and bronze exterior, features twenty-two varieties of imported marble and twelve large stained glass windows inspired by famous literary works. It was added in 1970. The oldest original 105-acre section of the cemetery, known as \"Victorian,\" received a second designation as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.\nA receiving vault large enough to contain 12 crypts was built in 1847 by Joseph Wuichert, who was said to be Dayton's premier stonemason. Throughout the 19th century it was used for temporary storage when burials were delayed due to bad weather or for other reasons (for example, refer to the article below on Levi and Matilda Stanley). Located near the main entrance to the cemetery and across from the mausoleum, it is constructed of giant limestone slabs and was designed as a replica of the Egyptian-style temple of Thebes and Karnak. It was unused for nearly 100 years but the exterior was restored in 2008 to its original condition.", "Q1345844": "Rocco Granata (born 16 August 1938) is a Belgian singer, songwriter, and accordionist.\nGranata was born in Figline Vegliaturo, Calabria, southern Italy; but his parents immigrated to Belgium when he was aged ten. Rocco's father was a coal miner, but Granata pursued music instead. He played accordion and toured Belgium with his band, 'The International Quintet'. He then released the songs \"Manuela\" / \"Marina\" as a single in 1959; the B-side became an international hit, reaching #1 in Belgium and in Germany as well as charting across Europe and in the United States. It sold over one million copies in Germany alone, and was awarded a gold disc. It has been covered many times by artists such as Willy Alberti, Marino Marini, Ilham al-Madfai, Dalida and Louis Armstrong.\nAfter the success of \"Marina\", Granata toured the world, including dates at Carnegie Hall. A feature film entitled Marina was released in 1960, which set the stage for a string of German hits. He also appeared in Italy at the Sanremo Festival in 1961.\nGranata later became a successful record producer. He owned the record labels Cardinal Records and Granata Records, and has produced Marva, Louis Neefs, Miel Cools, and De Elegasten.\nIn 1989, Granata commissioned a dance remix of \"Marina\", which again topped the Belgian charts as well as those of Italy, France and Germany. He has appeared regularly on Belgian television, and served as a jury member for the 2002 Flemish preliminaries for the Eurovision Song Contest. In March 2000 he was awarded the ZAMU Lifetime Achievement Award by the Belgian music industry.\nGranata has released some 65 singles over the course of his career.\nIn 2013 his early life was captured in another movie named Marina.", "Q183512": "Stealing Harvard is a 2002 American crime comedy film directed by Bruce McCulloch and written by Martin Hynes and Peter Tolan, about a man who resorts to crime to pay for his niece's Harvard tuition. The film stars Jason Lee and Tom Green with Leslie Mann, Dennis Farina, Richard Jenkins, John C. McGinley, Tammy Blanchard, and Megan Mullally. It was released on September 13, 2002 by Sony Pictures Releasing under their Columbia Pictures label.", "Q111070": "Theo Trebs (born 6 September 1994) is a German actor, best known for his feature film roles as Ferdinand in the World War I period film The White Ribbon (2009), and as Felix in the dramatic soccer film Der ganz gro\u00dfe Traum (The Ultimate Big Dream) (2011).", "Q1362223": "Kadim Jabbar Al Samarai (born September 12, 1957), better known by his artistic name Kadim Al Sahir (Arabic: \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0631\u200e), is an Iraqi singer, composer and songwriter. He has been dubbed the \"Caesar of Arabic Song\", and \"Iraq's Ambassador to the world\".\nKadim Al Sahir has established himself as one of the most successful singers in the history of the Arab World, since the start of his career. Ranging from big romantic ballads to more political work, from pop to Arab classical music. In 2003, according to an international poll conducted by BBC, more than half-a million people from 165 countries voted his composition Ana Wa Laila (Me and Laila), his most famous song about his love for Laila, as the sixth in the world's top 10 most popular songs of all time.He performs with an orchestra of twenty to thirty musicians on Arabic percussion, oud, qanun, nay, and a full complement of strings (violin, cello, and bass). While some of his work makes use of electronic musical sounds, he avoids the use of synthesizers to imitate acoustic instruments. His work frequently features Iraqi folk instruments, rhythms and melodies.\n\n", "Q835960": "The University of S\u00e3o Paulo (Portuguese: Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, USP) is a public university in the Brazilian state of S\u00e3o Paulo. It is the largest Brazilian public university and the country's most prestigious educational institution, the best university in Ibero-America, and holds a high reputation among world universities, being ranked 100 worldwide in reputation by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. USP is involved in teaching, research and university extension in all areas of knowledge, offering a broad range of courses.\nThe university was founded in 1934, regrouping already existing schools in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, such as the Faculdade de Direito do Largo de S\u00e3o Francisco (Faculty of Law), the Escola Polit\u00e9cnica (Engineering School) and the Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (College of Agriculture). The university's foundation is marked by the creation in 1934 of the Faculdade de Filosofia, Ci\u00eancias e Letras (Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, 1934-1968), and has subsequently created new departments, becoming one of the largest institutions of higher education in Latin America, with approximately 90,000 enrolled students. Currently, it has eleven campuses, four of them in the city of S\u00e3o Paulo. The remaining campuses are in the cities of Bauru, Lorena, Piracicaba, Pirassununga, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto and two in S\u00e3o Carlos.\nSeveral students from the University of S\u00e3o Paulo have achieved important positions in Brazilian society. It was the alma mater of twelve Brazilian presidents. USP was ranked 19th worldwide in a rank based on the number of alumni who became CEOs in the world's 500 largest companies. and also classed in the top 100 worldwide in the Global Employability University Ranking. In terms of research, USP is Brazil's largest research institution, producing more than 25% of the scientific papers published by Brazilian researchers in high quality conferences and journals. In 2015, out of 36 subjects, the QS World University Rankings ranked USP in the top 50 in eight subjects (including Architecture, Dentistry, Civil Engineering, Agriculture/Forestry, Art/Design and Veterinary Science) and in the top 51-100th position in 21 more subjects (including Computer Science, Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical Engineering, Modern Languages, Geography, Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics). Over the years, QS also consistently ranked USP among the top 5 universities in the Latin world.", "Q437254": "Josiane Balasko (born Josiane Bala\u0161kovi\u0107; 15 April 1950) is a French actress, writer and director. She has been nominated seven times for C\u00e9sar Awards, and won twice.", "Q232177": "Bedtime Story is a 1964 American comedy film made by Pennebaker Productions. It was directed by Ralph Levy and produced by Stanley Shapiro, with Robert Arthur as executive producer, from a screenplay by Shapiro and Paul Henning. The music score was by Hans J. Salter and the cinematography by Clifford Stine. The film stars Marlon Brando, David Niven and Shirley Jones.\nThe film has been the basis for two remakes: 1988's Dirty Rotten Scoundrels (starring Steve Martin and Michael Caine) and 2019's The Hustle (starring Anne Hathaway and Rebel Wilson).\n\n", "Q3353687": "Jens Esmark (31 January 1763 \u2013 26 January 1839) was a Danish-Norwegian professor of mineralogy who contributed to many of the initial discoveries and conceptual analyses of glaciers, specifically the concept that glaciers had covered larger areas in the past.", "Q103474": "2001: A Space Odyssey is a 1968 epic science fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick. The screenplay was written by Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke, and was inspired by Clarke's short story \"The Sentinel\" and other short stories by Clarke. A novelisation of the film released after the film's premiere was in part written concurrently with the screenplay. The film, which follows a voyage to Jupiter with the sentient computer HAL after the discovery of a featureless alien monolith affecting human evolution, deals with themes of existentialism, human evolution, technology, artificial intelligence, and the possibility of extraterrestrial life.\nThe film is noted for its scientifically accurate depiction of space flight, pioneering special effects, and ambiguous imagery. Sound and dialogue are used sparingly and often in place of traditional cinematic and narrative techniques. The soundtrack incorporates a number of pieces of classical music, among them Also sprach Zarathustra by Richard Strauss, \"The Blue Danube\" by Johann Strauss II, and works by Aram Khachaturian and Gy\u00f6rgy Ligeti.\nThe film received diverse critical responses ranging from those who saw it as darkly apocalyptic in tone to those who saw it as an optimistic reappraisal of the hopes of humanity. The film garnered a cult following and became the highest-grossing North American film of 1968. It was nominated for four Academy Awards; Kubrick won for his direction of the visual effects.\n2001: A Space Odyssey is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made. In 1991, it was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. In 2010, it was named the greatest film of all time by The Moving Arts Film Journal.", "Q313813": "James Donald Root (born October 2, 1971), also known by his number #4, is an American musician, songwriter, and guitarist. He is one of two guitarists for the American heavy metal band Slipknot, and the former lead guitarist for the American alternative metal band Stone Sour.", "Q709464": "William \"Will\" Oldham (born January 15, 1970), better known by the stage name Bonnie \"Prince\" Billy, is an American singer-songwriter and actor. From 1993 to 1997, he performed and recorded under variations of the Palace name, including Palace Brothers, Palace Songs, and Palace Music. After releasing material under his own name, he adopted the Bonnie \"Prince\" Billy name for the majority of his output since 1998.", "Q1406298": "The Serbian Empire (Serbian: \u0421\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e / Srpsko carstvo, pronounced [sr\u0329\u0302psko\u02d0 ts\u00e2\u02d0rst\u028bo]) is a historiographical term for the empire in the Balkan peninsula that emerged from the medieval Serbian Kingdom. It was established in 1346 by King Stefan Du\u0161an, known as \"the Mighty\", who significantly expanded the state. Under Du\u0161an's rule Serbia was the major power in the Balkans, and a multi-lingual empire that stretched from the Danube to the Gulf of Corinth, with its capital in Skopje. He also promoted the Serbian Archbishopric to the Serbian Patriarchate. His son and successor, Uro\u0161 the Weak, lost most of the territory conquered by Du\u0161an, hence his epithet. The Serbian Empire effectively ended with the death of Uro\u0161 V in 1371 and the break-up of the Serbian state. Some successors of Stefan V claimed the title of Emperor in parts of Serbia until 1402, but the territory in Greece was never recovered.", "Q365985": "Claude Antoine Marie Fran\u00e7ois (French pronunciation: \u200b[klod \u0251\u0303twan ma\u0281i f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa]; 1 February 1939 \u2013 11 March 1978), also known by the nickname Cloclo, was a French pop singer, composer, songwriter, music producer, drummer and dancer. Fran\u00e7ois co-wrote the lyrics of \"Comme d'habitude\" (composed by Jacques Revaux and himself), the original version of \"My Way\" and composed the music of \"Parce que je t'aime mon enfant\", the original version of \"My Boy\". Among his most famous songs are \"Le T\u00e9l\u00e9phone Pleure\", \"Le lundi au soleil\", \"Magnolias for Ever\", \"Alexandrie Alexandra\" and \"Cette ann\u00e9e l\u00e0\".\nFran\u00e7ois sold some 70 million records during his career (and after his death) and was about to embark for the United States when he was accidentally electrocuted in March 1978 at age 39. Former French President Val\u00e9ry Giscard d'Estaing is quoted as saying Claude Fran\u00e7ois was, to him, \"the French equivalent of The Beatles, meaning the great talent of a generation\".", "Q28179": "BuddhismShamanismTaoismChristianity (recognized in 1886)\n|currency = Mun (1423\u20131425, 1625\u20131892)Yang (1892\u20131897)\n|title_leader = King\n|leader1 = Taejo\n|year_leader1 = 1392\u20131398 (first)\n|leader2 = Gojong\n|year_leader2 = 1863\u20131897 (last)\n|title_deputy = Yeonguijeong, later Prime Minister\n|deputy1 = Jeong Do-jeon\n|year_deputy1 = 1392\u20131398 (first)\n|deputy2 = Yun Yong Seon\n|year_deputy2 = 1896-1898 (last)\n|stat_year1 = 1400\n|stat_pop1=5,730,000\n|stat_year2=1500\n|stat_pop2=9,000,000\n|stat_year3=1600\n|stat_pop3=11,000,000\n|stat_year4=1700\n|stat_pop4=13,500,000\n|stat_year5=1900\n|stat_pop5=17,082,000\n|today = North KoreaSouth Korea\n|image_map=Korea (orthographic projection).svg}}\n\nThe Joseon dynasty (also transcribed as Chos\u014fn or Chosen, Korean: \ub300\uc870\uc120\uad6d, lit.\u2009'Great Korean Country') was a Korean dynastic kingdom that lasted for approximately five centuries. Joseon was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and was replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. It was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Amnok and Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchens. Joseon was the last dynasty of Korea and its longest-ruling Confucian dynasty.\nDuring its reign, Joseon encouraged the entrenchment of Chinese Confucian ideals and doctrines in Korean society. Neo-Confucianism was installed as the new dynasty's state ideology. Buddhism was accordingly discouraged and occasionally faced persecutions by the dynasty. Joseon consolidated its effective rule over the territory of current Korea and saw the height of classical Korean culture, trade, literature, and science and technology. However, the dynasty was severely weakened when the Japanese invasions of Korea in the 1590s and the first and second Manchu invasions in 1627 and 1636\u20131637 nearly overran the Korean Peninsula, leading to an increasingly harsh isolationist policy, for which the country became known as the \"hermit kingdom\" in Western literature. After the end of invasions from Manchuria, Joseon experienced a nearly 200-year period of peace, prosperity, cultural, and technological development.\nHowever, whatever power the kingdom recovered during its isolation further waned as the 18th century came to a close, and faced with internal strife, power struggles, international pressure and rebellions at home, the Joseon dynasty declined rapidly in the late 19th century.\nThe Joseon period has left a substantial legacy to modern Korea; much of modern Korean culture, etiquette, norms, and societal attitudes towards current issues, and the modern Korean language and its dialects, derive from the culture and traditions of Joseon.", "Q66570": "Buckten is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q1494922": "Gary Novak, born in 1969, is an American session drummer who has collaborated with numerous artists as varied as George Benson, Maynard Ferguson, Chick Corea Elektric Band II, Brandon Fields, Lee Ritenour, Michael McDonald, Natalie Cole, David Sanborn, Anita Baker, Andrew WK, Bob Berg, Allan Holdsworth, Robben Ford, Michael Landau, Eros Ramazzotti, Tiziano Ferro, Jimmy Haslip, Alanis Morissette and Travis Carlton. Son of jazz pianist Larry Novak.", "Q153243": "Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 \u2013 April 28, 1903) was an American scientist who made significant theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics. His work on the applications of thermodynamics was instrumental in transforming physical chemistry into a rigorous inductive science. Together with James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann, he created statistical mechanics (a term that he coined), explaining the laws of thermodynamics as consequences of the statistical properties of ensembles of the possible states of a physical system composed of many particles. Gibbs also worked on the application of Maxwell's equations to problems in physical optics. As a mathematician, he invented modern vector calculus (independently of the British scientist Oliver Heaviside, who carried out similar work during the same period).\nIn 1863, Yale awarded Gibbs the first American doctorate in engineering. After a three-year sojourn in Europe, Gibbs spent the rest of his career at Yale, where he was a professor of mathematical physics from 1871 until his death. Working in relative isolation, he became the earliest theoretical scientist in the United States to earn an international reputation and was praised by Albert Einstein as \"the greatest mind in American history.\" In 1901, Gibbs received what was then considered the highest honour awarded by the international scientific community, the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London, \"for his contributions to mathematical physics.\"Commentators and biographers have remarked on the contrast between Gibbs's quiet, solitary life in turn of the century New England and the great international impact of his ideas. Though his work was almost entirely theoretical, the practical value of Gibbs's contributions became evident with the development of industrial chemistry during the first half of the 20th century. According to Robert A. Millikan, in pure science, Gibbs \"did for statistical mechanics and thermodynamics what Laplace did for celestial mechanics and Maxwell did for electrodynamics, namely, made his field a well-nigh finished theoretical structure.\"\n\n", "Q16083": "Deggendorf (Austro-Bavarian: Degndorf, Deggndorf) is a town in Bavaria, Germany, capital of the Deggendorf district.\nIt is located on the left bank approximately in the middle between the Danube cities of Regensburg and Passau. The Danube forms the town's natural border towards the south. Towards the west, north and east the town is surrounded by the foothills of the central Bavarian Forest.\nNear the southwestern rim of the town, the railway bridge crosses the Danube at river-kilometer 2286. Directly south of the town Autobahn A3 and A92 form an important crossing.\nA few miles downstream, east of the district Deggenau, lies the confluence of the River Isar with the Danube.", "Q706743": "Pedro Joaqu\u00edn Chamorro Cardenal (23 September 1924 Granada, Nicaragua \u2013 10 January 1978 Managua) was a Nicaraguan journalist and publisher. He was the editor of La Prensa, the only significant opposition newspaper to the long rule of the Somoza family. He is a 1977 laureate of the Maria Moors Cabot Prize of the University of Columbia (New York). He married Violeta Barrios de Chamorro who later went on to become President of Nicaragua (1990-1996). In 1978, he was shot to death, one of the precipitating events of the overthrow of the Somoza regime the following year.", "Q846742": "The history of religion refers to the written record of human religious experiences and ideas. This period of religious history begins with the invention of writing about 5,220 years ago (3200 BCE). The prehistory of religion involves the study of religious beliefs that existed prior to the advent of written records. One can also study comparative religious chronology through a timeline of religion. Writing played a major role in standardizing religious texts regardless of time or location, and making easier the memorization of prayers and divine rules. A small part of the Bible involves the collation of oral texts handed down over the centuries.The concept of \"religion\" was formed in the 16th and 17th centuries, despite the fact that ancient sacred texts like the Bible, the Quran, and others did not have a word or even a concept of religion in the original languages and neither did the people or the cultures in which these sacred texts were written.The word religion as used in the 21st century does not have an obvious pre-colonial translation into non-European languages. The anthropologist Daniel Dubuisson writes that \"what the West and the history of religions in its wake have objectified under the name 'religion' is ... something quite unique, which could be appropriate only to itself and its own history\". The history of other cultures' interaction with the \"religious\" category is therefore their interaction with an idea that first developed in Europe under the influence of Christianity.", "Q1043527": "The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is an international financial institution which offers political risk insurance and credit enhancement guarantees. These guarantees help investors protect foreign direct investments against political and non-commercial risks in developing countries. MIGA is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. in the United States.\nA large-scale study on hundreds of active energy projects commissioned by The World Bank Group has concluded that the body is currently financing $21bn of fossil fuel projects, compared to $7bn in the renewables sector. Commissioned by German NGO Urgewald, the study analysed the 675 global energy sector projects which have been funded by Group and are still in operation and are listed in the body's public databases. It found that for every dollar the Bank currently holds in the clean power sector, it holds three across coal, oil and gas. The author of the study, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) member and US-based finance analyst Heike Mainhardt, said the findings served to evidence the fact that The World Bank is \u201cgetting around\u201d its 2013 no-coal policy.These figures were reached through analysis of energy project loans to both corporates and countries, finance issued through larger policy based programmes, money transferred for advisory services and other financial assistance to governments in developing nations. The present study shows that the World Bank has not directly financed the construction of new coal-fired power plants since 2013, but it does support such projects through other means. For example, in March 2016, the World Bank Group's Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) approved a $ 783 million financial guarantee on loans from Deutsche Bank and the Japanese Mizuho Bank. These were intended for the South African energy company Eskom to co-finance a \"capacity expansion program\". Among other things, the money will be used to finance transmission lines, which will above all transport electricity from new Eskom coal-fired power plants. Thus, the bank avoids its promise to finance coal-fired power plants, and will continue to provide the infrastructure needed to power massive coal-fired power plants, according to the study.\nMIGA was established in 1988 as an investment insurance facility to encourage confident investment in developing countries. MIGA is owned and governed by its member states, but has its own executive leadership and staff which carry out its daily operations. Its shareholders are member governments that provide paid-in capital and have the right to vote on its matters. It insures long-term debt and equity investments as well as other assets and contracts with long-term periods. The agency is assessed by the World Bank's Independent Evaluation Group each year.\n\n", "Q172299": "Richard Bentley (24 October 1794 \u2013 10 September 1871) was a 19th-century English publisher born into a publishing family. He started a firm with his brother in 1819. Ten years later, he went into partnership with the publisher Henry Colburn. Although the business was often successful, publishing the famous \"Standard Novels\" series, they ended their partnership in acrimony three years later. Bentley continued alone profitably in the 1830s and early 1840s, establishing the well-known periodical Bentley's Miscellany. However, the periodical went into decline after its editor, Charles Dickens, left. Bentley's business started to falter after 1843 and he sold many of his copyrights. Only 15 years later did it begin to recover.", "Q576208": "Chinyelu Susan Onwurah (born 12 April 1965) is a British Labour Party politician who has served as the Member of Parliament for Newcastle upon Tyne Central since the 2010 general election. She is Newcastle's first black MP. She was shadow minister for Industrial Strategy, Science and Innovation from October 2016 until 9 April 2020, then being appointed as shadow minister for Science, Research & Digital.\n\n", "Q70306": "Pianezzo is a former municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.", "Q229225": "Claudia Lee Black (born 1972) is an Australian actress and voice actress, best known for her portrayals of Aeryn Sun in Farscape, Vala Mal Doran in Stargate SG-1 and Sharon \"Shazza\" Montgomery in the film Pitch Black. She has had prominent roles in video games, such as Chloe Frazer in Uncharted, Morrigan in Dragon Age, Admiral Daro'Xen and Matriarch Aethyta in Mass Effect and Samantha Byrne in Gears of War 3, Gears of War 4 , & Gears of War 5. She also had a recurring role as Dahlia in The Originals and starred as Dr. Sabine Lommers in The CW's Containment.", "Q1275039": "Jaime Meline (born March 2, 1975), better known by the stage name El-P (previously El Producto), is an American rapper, songwriter, musician, and record producer.\nOriginally a member of Company Flow, El-P has been a major driving force in alternative hip hop for over two decades, producing for several notable rappers such as Aesop Rock, Mr. Lif, and Cage, among others.El-P is the co-founder, owner, and chief executive officer (CEO) of the Definitive Jux record label. He was a member of The Weathermen and art collective Cardboard City. In 2013, he and frequent collaborator Killer Mike formed the hip-hop duo Run the Jewels, with whom he has released four studio albums: Run the Jewels (2013), Run the Jewels 2 (2014), Run the Jewels 3 (2016), and Run the Jewels 4 (2020).", "Q365991": "Waino Edward Hendrickson (June 18, 1896 \u2013 June 22, 1983) was an American Republican politician, the final Governor of the Territory of Alaska.\nHendrickson was born June 18, 1896 in Juneau, Alaska, where he grew up the son of Finnish immigrants. He entered politics in 1946, when he was elected mayor of Juneau. He served as Mayor of Juneau until 1953. At the same time, he was a member of the territorial House of Representatives from 1948 to 1953.\nIn 1953, Hendrickson was appointed Secretary of Alaska under Governor Frank Heintzleman. He held this office until statehood, serving as acting governor twice, once in 1957, and again from 1958 to 1959. Hendrickson was the first Alaska governor born in the territory. After statehood Hendrickson served on several government commissions until he retired to live with his daughter in Anchorage, Alaska, until he died.\n\n", "Q433026": "Jared Young Sanders Sr. (January 29, 1869 \u2013 March 23, 1944) was an American journalist and attorney from Franklin, the seat of St. Mary Parish in south Louisiana, who served as his state's House Speaker (1900\u20131904), lieutenant governor (1904\u20131908), the 34th Governor (1908\u20131912), and U.S. representative (1917\u20131921). Near the end of his political career he was a part of the anti-Long faction within the Louisiana Democratic Party. Huey Pierce Long Jr., in fact had once grappled with Sanders in the lobby of the Roosevelt Hotel in New Orleans.", "Q77469": "Maximilian Dalhoff Neal (March 26, 1865 \u2013 January 1, 1941) was a German playwright, born to the artist David Dalhoff Neal and Marie Ainmiller, and later brother to composer Heinrich Neal. His grandfather was the great glass painter Max Emanuel Ainmiller.\nMax Neal's first trip to the U.S. was in 1904, to have his play \"The Collie and the Cat\", performed at the famous German Theatre, Irving Place Theatre in New York City. When the play was advertised in The New York Times, Max Neals's father David, had written to the editor of The New York Times on December 6, 1904 for clarification, and published as \"to the Editor of the New York Times\": \"In receipt of a clipping from your valuable paper, in which it is stated that 'Max Neal... is said to be an American from Hoboken,' allow me to say in correction that my son, Max Neal, though coming from pure New England stock, was born in Munich, and has never been in America.\"Neal teamed up with friend Max Ferner to write the libretto for two operettas for Austrian Composer Karl Michael Ziehrer which were performed in September 1913 and then again in February 1916.\nNeal's first silver screen movie was a silent, black & white film called Das Geheimnis der gr\u00fcnen Villa that debuted in 1922, of which he was the sole writer, and was directed by Philipp Lother Mayring.According to a June 24, 1922 article in The New York Times titled \"Woods Back with 40 Foreign Plays\", producers Albert H. Woods and Charles B. Dillingham traveled to Europe to collect plays to re-produce in the States, of which Parquette No. 6 by Max Neal and Hans Gerbeck were one. Woods also described Germany as \"... the livest country in the world theatically at the present time, France is busy and England is the deadest.\"Just as his father had died at the onset of World War I, Max Neal died, also in Munich, Germany, and also at the age of 76 in the onset of World War II on January 1, 1941, less than two months after his friend Max Ferner (59) had died.", "Q719663": "Louis Charles Breguet (2 January 1880 in Paris \u2013 4 May 1955 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, \u00cele-de-France) was a French aircraft designer and builder, one of the early aviation pioneers.", "Q60115": "Georg Michaelis (8 September 1857 \u2013 24 July 1936) was Chancellor of Germany for a few months in 1917. He was the first chancellor not of noble birth to hold the office. With an economic background in business, Michaelis' main achievement was to encourage the ruling classes to open peace talks with Russia. Contemplating that the end of the war was near, he encouraged infrastructure development to facilitate recovery at war's end through the media of Mitteleuropa. A somewhat humourless character, known for process engineering, Michaelis was faced with insurmountable problems of logistics and supply in his brief period as chancellor.", "Q211962": "The Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (Russian: \u0422\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0438\u0446\u0435-\u0421\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u041b\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0440\u0430) is the most important Russian monastery and the spiritual centre of the Russian Orthodox Church. The monastery is situated in the town of Sergiyev Posad, about 70 km to the north-east from Moscow by the road leading to Yaroslavl, and currently is home to over 300 monks.", "Q521350": "Nicolas Minorsky (born Nikolai Fyodorovich Minorsky, Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 23 September [O.S. 11 September] 1885, Korcheva, Russian Empire \u2013 31 July 1970, Italy) was a Russian American control theory mathematician, engineer and applied scientist. He is best known for his theoretical analysis and first proposed application of PID controllers in the automatic steering systems for U.S. Navy ships.\n\n", "Q105011": "Wolf von Lojewski (born 4 July 1937) is a German journalist.", "Q862": "Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky (; Russian: \u0418\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u0444 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 [\u026a\u02c8os\u02b2\u026af \u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8brotsk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen); 24 May 1940 \u2013 28 January 1996) was a Russian-American poet and essayist.\nBorn in Leningrad in 1940, Brodsky ran afoul of Soviet authorities and was expelled (\"strongly advised\" to emigrate) from the Soviet Union in 1972, settling in the United States with the help of W. H. Auden and other supporters. He taught thereafter at Mount Holyoke College, and at universities including Yale, Columbia, Cambridge, and Michigan.\nBrodsky was awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Literature \"for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity\". He was appointed United States Poet Laureate in 1991.According to Professor Andrey Ranchin of Moscow State University: \u201cBrodsky is the only modern Russian poet whose body of work has already been awarded the honorary title of a canonized classic... Brodsky's literary canonization is an exceptional phenomenon. No other contemporary Russian writer has been honored as the hero of such a number of memoir texts; no other has had so many conferences devoted to them\u201d.", "Q66564": "Arisdorf is a municipality in the district of Liestal in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q876859": "Oscar Bronner (born 14 January 1943) is an Austrian newspaper publisher and painter.\n\n", "Q115202": "Innocents with Dirty Hands a.k.a. Dirty Hands. is a 1975 psychological thriller film written and directed by Claude Chabrol. Its title in French is Les innocents aux mains sales. The film was based on the novel The Damned Innocents by Richard Neely. The film had 553,910 admissions in France.", "Q71018": "Lothar Bisky (17 August 1941 \u2013 13 August 2013) was a German politician. He was the chairman of the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), the successor of East Germany's Socialist Unity Party (SED). In June 2007 he became co-chairman of The Left (Die Linke) party, formed by a merger of the PDS and the much smaller Labour and Social Justice \u2013 The Electoral Alternative. From 2007 until 2010 he was the President of the Party of the European Left. Also, he was the Publisher of the socialist newspaper Neues Deutschland.", "Q710121": "Arthur Harold Kane Jr. (February 3, 1949 \u2013 July 13, 2004) was a musician best known as the bass guitarist for the pioneering glam rock band the New York Dolls. Kane was a founding member of the Dolls in 1971 and remained an integral part of the band until he was forced out in 1975, shortly after the departure of Johnny Thunders and Jerry Nolan. In 2004, after decades of estrangement from Dolls singer David Johansen, Kane rejoined the surviving Dolls (Johansen and Sylvain Sylvain) to rehearse and play a reunion concert in London, which was the subject of the 2005 documentary New York Doll. In addition to his bass playing, Kane was known for his subculture fashion sense and for uttering original aphorisms in his uniquely toned voice.Kane's nickname, Arthur \"Killer\" Kane, was inspired by the first article written about the Dolls in which the journalist described Kane's \"killer bass playing\". Kane also said that it was inspired by the adversary of the 1930s science fiction hero Buck Rogers, a villainous character named Killer Kane.", "Q187760": "New wave is a form of rock music encompassing numerous pop-oriented music styles popular in the late 1970s and the 1980s. It is rooted in mid-1970s punk rock. New wave moved away from traditional blues and rock and roll sounds to create pop/rock music that incorporated disco, mod and electronic music. It engendered subgenres and fusions, including synth-pop.New wave differs from other movements with ties to first-wave punk, as it displays characteristics common to pop music rather than the more \"artsy\" post-punk. Although it incorporates much of the original punk rock sound and ethos, new wave exhibits greater complexity in both music and lyrics. Common characteristics of new wave music include the use of synthesizers and electronic productions, and a distinctive visual style featured in music videos and fashion.New wave was promoted heavily by MTV (the Buggles' \"Video Killed the Radio Star\" was broadcast as the first music video to promote the channel's launch). The popularity of several new wave artists is often attributed to their exposure on the channel. In the mid-1980s, differences between new wave and other music genres began to blur. New wave has enjoyed resurgences since the 1990s after a rising nostalgia for several new wave-influenced artists. During the 2000s, a number of acts explored new wave and post-punk influences and were sometimes labeled \"new wave of new wave\".", "Q14694": "Vesa Hakala (born 5 December 1968 in Harjavalta) is a Finnish former ski jumper who competed from 1986 to 1994. He won a silver medal in the team large hill at the 1991 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Val di Fiemme and finished 12th in the individual normal hill at the 1993 championships.\nHakala's best individual career finish was third in the individual large hill in Sapporo in 1990.", "Q7903": "Casablanca (Spanish pronunciation: [kasa\u02c8\u03b2la\u014bka]; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u200e, romanized: Ad-d\u0101r al-Bay\u1e0d\u0101' [ad\u02c8da\u02d0ru \u026bbajd\u02e4a\u02d0\u0294] white house, Berber languages: \u2d30\u2d4f\u2d3c\u2d30, romanized: Anfa [\u00e6nf\u00e6] incline) is the largest city of Morocco. Located in the central-western part of Morocco bordering the Atlantic Ocean, it is the largest city in the Maghreb region and the eighth-largest in the Arab world. Casablanca is Morocco's chief port and one of the largest financial centers in Africa. According to the 2014 population estimate, the city has a population of about 3.35 million in the urban area and over 6.8 million in the Casablanca-Settat region. Casablanca is considered the economic and business center of Morocco, although the national political capital is Rabat.\nThe leading Moroccan companies and many international corporations doing business in the country have their headquarters and main industrial facilities in Casablanca. Recent industrial statistics show Casablanca holds its recorded position as the primary industrial zone of the nation. The Port of Casablanca is one of the largest artificial ports in the world, and the second largest port of North Africa, after Tanger-Med 40 km (25 mi) east of Tangier. Casablanca also hosts the primary naval base for the Royal Moroccan Navy.", "Q356383": "Jack Thompson, AM (born 31 August 1940) is an Australian actor and one of the major figures of Australian cinema. He was educated at University of Queensland, before embarking on his acting career. In 2002, he was made an honorary member of the Australian Cinematographers Society (ACS). He is best known as a lead actor in several acclaimed Australian films, including such classics as The Club (1980), Sunday Too Far Away (1975), The Man from Snowy River (1982) and Breaker Morant (1980). He won Cannes and AFI acting awards for the latter film. He was the recipient of a Living Legend Award at the 2005 Inside Film Awards.\n\n", "Q62702": "Heinrich Frauenlob (between 1250 and 1260 \u2013 29 November 1318), sometimes known as Henry of Meissen (Heinrich von Mei\u00dfen), was a Middle High German poet, a representative of both the Sangspruchdichtung and Minnesang genres.\nHe was one of the most celebrated poets of the late medieval period, venerated and imitated well into the 15th century.", "Q234512": "Willa Joanna Chance Holland (born June 18, 1991) is an American actress and model. She is known for her roles as Kaitlin Cooper in the Fox teen drama The O.C., Agnes Andrews in The CW series Gossip Girl, Aqua in Kingdom Hearts, and Thea Queen / Speedy in Arrow.", "Q960949": "John Philip Holland (Irish: Se\u00e1n Pilib \u00d3 hUallach\u00e1in/\u00d3 Maolchalann) (24 February 1841 \u2013 12 August 1914) was an Irish engineer who developed the first submarine to be formally commissioned by the US Navy, and the first Royal Navy submarine, Holland 1.", "Q91852": "Walter Reuter (b. January 4, 1906 - March 20, 2005) was a Mexican photojournalist of German origin. Reuter arrived to Mexico in 1942, after fleeing the rise of the Nazis in Germany, and the defeat of the Republicans in Spain. Having started his career in Europe, he introduced modern photojournalism techniques into Mexico and is best known for his work documenting twenty ethnicities of Mexico's indigenous people. In 1986, the Museo de Arte Moderno held a retrospective of his work and he was a member of the Sal\u00f3n de la Pl\u00e1stica Mexicana. Since his death, a collection of his work has been published and exhibited.", "Q329557": "Carl Nebel (18 March 1805 \u2013 4 June 1855) was a German engineer, architect and draughtsman, best known for his detailed paintings and lithographic prints made from them of the Mexican landscape and people during the battles of the Mexican\u2013American War.", "Q117415": "Joshua Regnall Stewart (born February 6, 1977) is an American actor best known for his role as Holt McLaren in the FX TV series Dirt and as Detective William LaMontagne, Jr., in Criminal Minds. He was also cast as Brendan Finney in the final season of the NBC TV series Third Watch and as Barsad in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Rises.", "Q232163": "Natalia Gastiain Tena(born 1 November 1984) is an English actress and musician. She played Nymphadora Tonks in the Harry Potter film series, and the wildling Osha in the HBO series Game of Thrones.\nTena is the lead singer and accordionist of Molotov Jukebox. The band released their debut album Carnival Flower (2014), in Spring 2014, featuring their single \"Neon Lights\". Their second studio album, Tropical Gypsy (2016), was released on 15 April 2016 and was preceded by its lead single, \"Pineapple Girl\". It was promoted on the band's Tropical Gypsy Tour in April and May 2016.", "Q3189325": "Julien-\u00c9douard-Alfred Dubuc (1 January 1871 \u2013 27 October 1947) was a Canadians businessman and politician. Dubuc was an Independent Liberal and Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Saint-Hugues, Quebec, educated at Sherbrooke, and became a bank manager, a director of various companies and a manufacturer.He was first elected to Parliament at the Chicoutimi riding in the 1925 general election as an Independent Liberal and re-elected on that basis in 1926 federal election. By the 1930 election, he became a member of the Liberal party and was re-elected at Chicoutimi in 1935 and 1940. Dubuc did not seek re-election in 1945 and left Parliament after completing his term in the 19th Canadian Parliament.\nDubuc promoted various projects in the Chicoutimi region including a rail link between Baie-des-Ha!-Ha! and Chicoutimi, and paper mills at Chandler and La Baie. The Dubuc Bridge (Pont Dubuc) across ths Saguenay River at Chicoutimi was named in his honour.\n\n", "Q328891": "Minnie Marx (born Miene Sch\u00f6nberg, 9 November 1864 or 1865 \u2013 13 September 1929) was the mother and manager of the Marx Brothers, a family of vaudevillians, Broadway and film actors and was also the sister of comedian and vaudeville star Al Shean.", "Q1689075": "James Gordon Cuddy, (born December 2, 1955) is a Canadian singer-songwriter primarily associated with the band Blue Rodeo.", "Q64415": "Bettwil is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q195402": "What's New Pussycat? is a 1965 French-American comedy film directed by Clive Donner, written by Woody Allen in his first produced screenplay, and starring Allen, Peter Sellers, Peter O'Toole, Romy Schneider, Capucine, Paula Prentiss, and Ursula Andress.\nThe Oscar-nominated title song by Burt Bacharach (music) and Hal David (lyrics) was sung by Tom Jones. The movie poster was painted by Frank Frazetta, and the animated title sequence was directed by Richard Williams.", "Q107160": "Wilhelm Niklas (24 September 1887 \u2013 12 April 1957) was a German academic and politician, who was the first minister of food, agriculture and forestry of the German Federal Government in Konrad Adenauer's first cabinet.", "Q74606": "Lothar Baier (Born Karlsruhe 16 May 1942: died Montreal 11 July 2004) was a German author, publisher, translator and co-founder of the Literary periodical text + kritik.\nHe was accepted as one of the most profound German thinkers of the Francophone World and was recognized with the 1982 Jean Am\u00e9ry Prize for Essayists and with the 2003 Gerrit Engelke Prize. Baier published amongst others in the Merkur, in the Kursbuch and in the Deutschlandfunk and was for many years the editor of the Die Wochenzeitung (WOZ) in Z\u00fcrich.\nOn 11 July 2004, Baier committed suicide in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.", "Q329231": "Augustin-Norbert Morin (October 13, 1803 \u2013 July 27, 1865) was a Canadien lawyer and judge.\nBorn in Saint-Michel-de-Bellechasse, Lower Canada, into a large Roman Catholic farming family, Morin was identified by the parish priest at a young age as a boy of exceptional talent and intelligence. The parish priest therefore arranged for his education at the S\u00e9minaire de Qu\u00e9bec, beginning in 1815. After leaving the seminary, Morin worked as newspaperman in order to earn money for the study of law as clerk in the office of Denis-Benjamin Viger. By 1828 he was practicing law independently, and by 1830 had become involved with colonial politics. Morin helped draft the Ninety-Two Resolutions. Although he took part in the Lower Canada Rebellion and was later arrested, it was not felt that a charge of high treason was justified.\nFollowing the union of Lower Canada and Upper Canada into the new Province of Canada in 1841, Morin was elected to the first Parliament of the new Province, for the Nicolet electoral district. He resigned his seat a year later on appointment to the district court for Rimouski, but served on the bench for less than a year. He resigned from the court and was re-elected to Parliament, this time for the riding of Saguenay, in November, 1842.\nMorin served as Joint Premier of the Province of Canada from Canada East along with his counterparts from Canada West Francis Hincks (from October 28, 1851 to September 11, 1854), and with Allan Napier MacNab (from that date until January 27, 1855).\nHe resigned from government due to ill health. However, Morin was named a judge in the Quebec Superior Court and he also took part in the commission which drafted a new civil code for Canada East.\nMorin-Heights, Quebec and Val-Morin, Quebec, which Morin help found, are named for him. He also helped found Sainte-Ad\u00e8le, Quebec, which was named after his wife Ad\u00e8le Raymond, the sister of Joseph-Sabin Raymond.\nHe died at Sainte-Ad\u00e8le in 1865.", "Q111702": "John Strode Barbour Sr. (August 8, 1790 \u2013 January 12, 1855) was a nineteenth-century politician and lawyer from Virginia. He was the father of John Strode Barbour Jr. and the first cousin of James Barbour and Philip Pendleton Barbour.", "Q75518": "J\u00fcrgen Wagner (9 September 1901 in Strasbourg \u2013 27 June 1947 in Belgrade) was a Brigadef\u00fchrer in the Waffen-SS during World War II, the commander of the SS Division Nederland and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.\nIn April 1944 Wagner was promoted to SS-Brigadef\u00fchrer und Generalmajor der Waffen-SS and given command of the 4th SS Polizei Division. In August 1944, Wagner was given command of a Kampfgruppe (battle group), against the Tartu Offensive of the Soviet 3rd Baltic Front.After the war ended, Wagner was extradited to Yugoslavia in 1947. There, he was put on trial before the military tribunal of the 3rd Yugoslav Army from 29 May to 6 June 1947 in Zrenjanin. It is not precisely known for what he was indicted. However, his orders for the mass executions of civilians in 1941 and later on, reportedly played a role in his conviction. Found guilty of the charges, he was sentenced to death by firing squad and executed on 27 June 1947.", "Q494299": "Landsberg am Lech (Landsberg on the river Lech) is a town in southwest Bavaria, Germany, about 65 kilometers west of Munich and 35 kilometers south of Augsburg. It is the capital of the district of Landsberg am Lech.", "Q5676556": "The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is the public health school of Harvard University, located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts. The school grew out of the Harvard-MIT School for Health Officers, the nation's first graduate training program in population health, which was founded in 1913 and then became the Harvard School of Public Health in 1922. Michelle Ann Williams became the school's dean in 2016 following the departure of former dean Julio Frenk. She is the first African American to head a Harvard faculty.Considered a preeminent school of public health in the United States, Chan is ranked as the 2nd best public health school in the nation by U.S. News & World Report.", "Q685338": "The Armenian Cemetery of Moscow (Armenian: \u0544\u0578\u057d\u056f\u057e\u0561\u0575\u056b \u0540\u0561\u0575\u056f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0533\u0565\u0580\u0565\u0566\u0574\u0561\u0576\u0561\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0576, Russian: \u0410\u0440\u043c\u044f\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0412\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435, Armyanskoe Vagan'kovskoe Kladbishche) is an Armenian historical cemetery in the city of Moscow, Russia, located in the Krasnaya Presnya (\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f) district, not far from Vagankovo Cemetery. It is established in 1804, by the initiative of Minas Lazarev, the leader of Moscow Armenian community, who also initiated the construction of Surb Harutyun Armenian church (1808\u20131815). The Lazarev Family crypt is located under the church. The cemetery and the church are under the state protection. Among the state-protected monuments are the obelisk on A.A. Loris-Melikov's tomb (1844), tombs of Ananov's, constructed by medieval Armenian canons, khachkar on D.S. Melik-Beglyarov's tomb (1913), Nikolai Tarasov's tomb, a modernist style work by sculptor Nikolai Andreev. There are also a large number of graves of well-known personalities who are not of Armenian origin in the Armenian cemetery.", "Q311976": "Wayne Elliot Knight (born August 7, 1955) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for playing Newman in Seinfeld (1992\u20131998), Dennis Nedry in Jurassic Park (1993), Al McWhiggin in Toy Story 2 (1999), and Tantor in Tarzan (1999). His other roles include Officer Don Orville in 3rd Rock from the Sun (1996\u20132001), Stan Podolak in Space Jam (1996), Zack Mallozzi in Rat Race (2001), Dojo in Xiaolin Showdown (2003\u20132006), Mr. Blik in Catscratch (2005\u20132007), Microchip in Punisher: War Zone (2008) and Haskell Lutz in The Exes (2011\u20132015). He was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Jurassic Park.", "Q101511": "Norbert K\u00f6nig (born 4 September 1958) is a German sports presenter.", "Q188335": "Rebound is a 2005 American sports comedy film directed by Steve Carr. It stars Martin Lawrence as a disgraced college basketball coach who returns to his old middle school to coach the boys' basketball team. \nThis was also Tara Correa's only film role. She was murdered in a gang shooting on October 21, 2005, three months after the film's release.\n\n", "Q85199": "Bernd H\u00fcttemann (born December 8, 1970 in Paderborn) is Vice President of the European Movement International and Secretary General of the European Movement Germany.\nGrowing up in Paderborn, he studied Political Science, History and European Law at the University of Bonn. After graduating he first worked as a PR-Consultant and for the Robert Bosch Stiftung, later becoming a research fellow at the Institute for European Politics. Between 2000 and 2003, he accomplished various programmes for the German Federal Foreign Office aiming to acquaint Slovakia and Croatia with the EU. In this context he served, among other obligations, as a consult for the Slovak Government Office in Bratislava.\nHis political career began with the Young European Federalists (JEF) where he was head of office in Bonn and Brussels. Later, Bernd H\u00fcttemann was honorary Secretary General of the \u201cEuropa-Union Deutschland\u201d (German UEF) under president Peter Altmaier.In 2003, Bernd H\u00fcttemann became Secretary General of the European Movement Germany, which is a network of civil society organisations also being an intermediary organisation for the German Federal Foreign Office. H\u00fcttemann\u00b4s focus lies in the representation of interests at the European level, political communication and the coordination of European politics in Germany. He supports the idea that the negative reputation of Brussels\u00b4 lobbyists is often misleading.2014 in Rome the Federal Assembly of the European Movement International elected him as one of 6 Vice Presidents. Already since 2008 he was EMI's board member. He is also member of the Orientation Committee of Foundation EurActiv.H\u00fcttemann was identified as one of the top 160 German future managers aged younger than 40 by the business magazine Capital in 2010.Just lately in 2011 he became visiting lecturer at the University of Passau (Chair of European Studies). Since 2015 he is also lecturer at Berlin School of Economics and Law.", "Q102018": "Nicolaus Rohlfs was an 18th-century German mathematics teacher (arithmeticus) in Buxtehude and Hamburg who wrote astronomical calendars, a book about gardening, and other treatises that were continued by Matthias Rohlfs.", "Q69131": "Aadorf is a municipality in the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. In 1996 Ettenhausen, Guntershausen bei Aadorf and Wittenwil merged into Aadorf.", "Q593284": "Andr\u00e9 or Andrew Planch\u00e9, or Planch\u00e8 (as written by William Bemrose in 1898) (c. 1727-1805), was a jeweller, potter and theatre person, son of French Huguenot refugees. He lived in Derby, where he had at least four children (Paul, James, James Burrows - bastard - and William).", "Q79322": "Kluczbork [\u02c8klud\u0361\u0290b\u0254rk] (listen) (German: Kreuzburg O.S.) is a town in southwestern Poland with 23,554 inhabitants (2019), situated in the Opole Voivodeship. It is the capital of Kluczbork County and an important railroad junction. In Kluczbork the major rail line from Katowice splits into two directions \u2013 westwards to Wroc\u0142aw and northwards to Pozna\u0144. It is also connected with Fosowskie.", "Q373895": "Betty Marion White Ludden (n\u00e9e White; born January 17, 1922) is an American actress and comedian, with the longest television career of any entertainer, spanning 80 years. Regarded as a pioneer of television, she was one of the first women to exert control both in front of and behind the camera and is recognized as the first woman to produce a sitcom (Life with Elizabeth), which contributed to her receiving the honorary title Mayor of Hollywood in 1955.White is known for her award-winning roles as Sue Ann Nivens on The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1973\u20131977) and Rose Nylund on The Golden Girls (1985\u20131992) \u2013 the Writers Guild of America has included both sitcoms in its list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series of All Time \u2013 and Elka Ostrovsky on Hot in Cleveland (2010\u20132015).\nA staple panelist of American game shows such as Password, Match Game, Tattletales, The Hollywood Squares and The $25,000 Pyramid, White has been dubbed \"the first lady of game shows\", and became the first woman to receive an Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show Host in 1983 for the show Just Men! She is also known for her appearances on Boston Legal, The Carol Burnett Show, and Saturday Night Live.\nOther than her television career, White also starred in film with her best known films being Advise & Consent, Lake Placid, the English dub of Ponyo, The Proposal, The Lorax, and she received critical acclaim for her performance in the television film The Lost Valentine.\nWhite has received eight Emmy Awards in various categories, three American Comedy Awards, three Screen Actors Guild Awards, and a Grammy Award. She also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, is a 1985 Television Hall of Fame inductee, and a 2009 Disney Legend.", "Q236463": "Michael Alan Welch (born July 25, 1987) is an American television and film actor best known for the role of Luke Girardi on the television series Joan of Arcadia and for the role of Mike Newton in the films Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse and Breaking Dawn.\n\n", "Q173839": "Thomas Jeffery Cole (born April 28, 1949) is the U.S. Representative for Oklahoma's 4th congressional district, serving since 2003. He is a member of the Republican Party serving as Deputy Minority Whip. The chairman of the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) from 2006 to 2008, he was, during his tenure, the fourth-ranking Republican leader in the House. Cole \u2013 a member of the Chickasaw Nation \u2013 is one of only four registered Native Americans in Congress, the others being fellow Oklahoma Republican Markwayne Mullin and Democrats Sharice Davids of Kansas and Deb Haaland of New Mexico.", "Q29515": "Nancy Jane Currie-Gregg (former married name Sherlock, born December 29, 1958) is an engineer, United States Army officer and a NASA astronaut. Currie-Gregg has served in the United States Army for over 22 years and holds the rank of colonel. With NASA, she has participated in four space shuttle missions: STS-57, STS-70, STS-88, and STS109, accruing 1,000 hours in space. She currently holds an appointment as a professor of practice in the Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering at Texas A&M University.\n\n", "Q991768": "Bruce Ratner (born January 23, 1945 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American philanthropist, real estate developer, and former minority owner of the NBA's Brooklyn Nets.", "Q322364": "Code Name: Wild Geese (Italian: Arcobaleno selvaggio, German: Geheimcode: Wildg\u00e4nse) is a 1984 West German-Italian Euro War film directed by Antonio Margheriti and starring Lewis Collins in the first of their three mercenary war films. Despite the films title, Code Name: Wild Geese is not the sequel to The Wild Geese film, but a derivative film. Kim Newman described the film as closer to the director's films such as The Last Hunter and Cannibal Apocalypse.", "Q6497526": "Latymer Upper School is a selective independent school, (a public school, in the British sense of the word), located on King Street in Hammersmith, London. It was founded by Edward Latymer in 1624. From the end of the Second World War until 1975, it was a Direct Grant grammar school, with free places paid by the local authority, and others with tuition fees paid according to parental income, and a large intake of state school pupils.Latymer Upper School is a coeducational school with over 1,200 pupils. It has been ranked consistently in the leading schools in the country academically alongside Eton College, Westminster School, Winchester College, and St Paul's School. This being on the merit of its position in the national GCSE and A level examination performance tables combined with one of the highest Oxford and Cambridge acceptance rates of any secondary school or college, and is one of the top schools for the arts and sport. The Sixth Form of 340 is one of the largest in London and offers forty academic courses as well as extra curricular activities. According to the Good Schools Guide, the school \"aims to set new standards for co-education in west London.\" As of 2020, the school charges fees of \u00a321,000 a year per student.", "Q766909": "Hear Music was a record label that was founded in 2007 in a partnership between Concord Music Group and Starbucks. Hear Music began as a catalog company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1990 before being purchased by Starbucks in 1999.", "Q877366": "Pierre Gr\u00e9goire (9 November 1907 \u2013 8 April 1991) was a Luxembourgish politician in the Christian Social People's Party (CSV), journalist, and writer. Before turning to politics full-time, he wrote for the Luxemburger Wort newspaper.\nBefore World War II, he organised the development of the CSV's precursor, the Party of the Right, along with Jean Baptiste Esch. He was a CSV Deputy from 1946 onwards, and was the party's secretary-general from 1952 to 1960. He was a member of the Council of Europe from 1956.\nHe also held several government posts: he was the minister for the Interior, Religion, Arts and Sciences and Transport from 1959 to 1964, then became minister for Cultural Affairs, Education and the Civil Service from 1964 onwards. From 1969 to 1974 he was the president of the Chamber of Deputies.", "Q95215": "Johann Becker (3 February 1869 \u2013 17 October 1951) was a German lawyer and politician of the German People's Party. From January 1916 to November 1918 he served as finance minister of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. He was elected a member of the Weimar National Assembly in 1919. He continued to serve as a delegate in the Reichstag until 1930. In 1922/1923 he was Minister of Economics, under Chancellor Wilhelm Cuno, during the onset of hyperinflation.", "Q187199": "Carlo Rubbia, (born 31 March 1934) is an Italian particle physicist and inventor who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Simon van der Meer for work leading to the discovery of the W and Z particles at CERN.\n\n", "Q334499": "Marilyn Hassett (born December 17, 1947, Los Angeles, California) is an American screen and television actress.", "Q60934": "Roland Koch (born 24 March 1958) is a German jurist and former conservative politician of the CDU. He was the 7th Minister President of Hesse from 7 April 1999, immediately becoming the 53rd President of the Bundesrat, completing the term begun by his predecessor as Minister President, Hans Eichel, until his resignation on 31 August 2010. During his time in office, Koch was widely regarded as one of Chancellor Angela Merkel's main rivals within the CDU.\n\n", "Q303235": "The Three Musketeers (also known as The Three Musketeers: The Queen's Diamonds) is a 1973 film based on The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas. It was directed by Richard Lester and written by George MacDonald Fraser. It was originally proposed in the 1960s as a vehicle for The Beatles, whom Lester had directed in two other films.\nThe film adheres closely to the novel, and also injects a fair amount of humor. It was shot by David Watkin, with an eye for period detail. The fight scenes were choreographed by master swordsman William Hobbs.", "Q93664": "Robert Adler (December 4, 1913 \u2013 February 15, 2007) was an Austrian-born American inventor who held numerous patents.\nHe worked for Zenith Electronics, retiring as the company's Vice President and Director of Research. His work included developing early sound-based remote controls for televisions, which were the standard for 25 years until replaced by infrared (IR) remotes that could transmit more complex commands.", "Q103299": "Norbert Georg Kuchinke (1 January 1940 \u2013 3 December 2013) was a German journalist and actor.\nBorn in Schwarzwaldau, Silesia, Germany (now Czarny B\u00f3r, Poland), until 1956, he studied at a Russian speaking school and mastered the language. From 1973, Kuchinke was the first correspondent of Der Spiegel (Hamburg, West Germany) and Stern in Moscow, Soviet Union.\nApart from journalism, he was an actor, appearing in five films through 1979 to 2008, most commonly playing foreign roles. His most noted role was as Bill Hansen, a Danish professor in the Soviet comedy-drama Autumn Marathon.Norbert Kuchinke died following a long illness on 3 December 2013, aged 73, at a hospital in Berlin, Germany.", "Q452235": "The Man Who Could Work Miracles is a black-and-white 1937 British fantasy-comedy film directed by the German-born American director Lothar Mendes. Reputedly the best-known of Mendes' 20 films, it's a greatly expanded version of H. G. Wells\u2019s short story of the same name and stars Roland Young with a cast of supporting players including Sir Ralph Richardson, in a London Films production from the famous Hungarian-born British producer, Sir Alexander Korda. H. G. Wells himself worked on the adaptation, revising the plot to reflect his socialist frustrations with the British upper class, and the growing threat of Communism, Fascism and Nazism in Europe at the time, something which Mendes, Korda and Wells were all committed to combating in their creative work.", "Q4729596": "All Saints Records is a British independent record label. It was established in 1991 by Dominic Norman-Taylor. The label has published ambient music by Brian Eno and Biosphere.", "Q71839": "Marco Hofschneider (born November 18, 1969) is a German actor known for his biographical portrayal of Solomon Perel in the 1990 acclaimed (Golden Globe-winning and Academy Award-nominated) World War II film Europa Europa. Since then, he has appeared in many German and British film and television programs. His older brother, Ren\u00e9 Hofschneider, also appeared in Europa, Europa, playing the role of Isaak Perel, Solomon Perel's older brother.\nHofschneider was born in Berlin, Germany.", "Q3182489": "John Glen Sperling (January 9, 1921 \u2013 August 22, 2014) was an American businessman who is credited with having led the contemporary for-profit education movement in the United States. The fortune he amassed was based on his founding of the for-profit University of Phoenix for working adults in 1976, which is now part of the publicly traded Apollo Group. For ventures ranging from pet cloning to green energy, he has widely been described as an \"eccentric\" self-made man by The Washington Post and other media.", "Q62": "San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco and colloquially known as SF, San Fran, Frisco, or \"The City\", is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. San Francisco is the 15th most populous city in the United States, and the fourth most populous in California, with 881,549 residents as of 2019. It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles (121.4 km2), mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area, making it the second most densely populated large U.S. city, and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county, behind only four of the five New York City boroughs. San Francisco is the 12th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States by population, with 4.7 million people, and the fourth-largest by economic output, with GDP of $549 billion in 2018. With San Jose, it forms the fifth most populous combined statistical area in the United States, the San Jose\u2013San Francisco\u2013Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area (9.67 million residents in 2018).\nAs of 2018, San Francisco was the seventh-highest-income county in the United States, with a per capita personal income of $130,696. In the same year, San Francisco proper had a GDP of $183.2 billion, and a GDP per capita of $207,371. The CSA San Francisco shares with San Jose and Oakland was the country's third-largest urban economy as of 2018, with a GDP of $1.03 trillion. Of the 500+ primary statistical areas in the U.S., this CSA had among the highest GDP per capita in 2018, at $106,757. San Francisco was ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2019. As of 2016, the San Francisco metropolitan area had the highest GDP per capita, labor productivity, and household income levels in the OECD. As of 2019, it is the highest rated American city on world liveability rankings.San Francisco was founded on June 29, 1776, when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de As\u00eds a few miles away, all named for St. Francis of Assisi. The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856. San Francisco's status as the West Coast's largest city peaked between 1870 and 1900, when around 25% of California's population resided in the city proper. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a major port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. It then became the birthplace of the United Nations in 1945. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, significant immigration, liberalizing attitudes, along with the rise of the \"hippie\" counterculture, the Sexual Revolution, the Peace Movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines.\nA popular tourist destination, San Francisco is known for its cool summers, fog, steep rolling hills, eclectic mix of architecture, and landmarks, including the Golden Gate Bridge, cable cars, the former Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, Fisherman's Wharf, and its Chinatown district. San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co., Gap Inc., Fitbit, Salesforce.com, Dropbox, Reddit, Square, Inc., Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation and Craigslist. The city, and the surrounding Bay Area, is a global center of the sciences and arts and is home to a number of educational and cultural institutions, such as the University of San Francisco (USF), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco State University (SFSU), the De Young Museum, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the SFJAZZ Center, and the California Academy of Sciences.", "Q546532": "Melba Montgomery (born October 14, 1938) is an American country music singer. She is best known for her duet recordings in the 1960s with country music star George Jones and later Charlie Louvin. Her brother is the famous country music songwriter, Earl \"Peanutt\" Montgomery.\nIn the 1970s, Montgomery was a successful solo artist in her own right. Her best-known solo hit is the number-one hit, \"No Charge\".", "Q1064761": "Charles Hawks Jr. (July 7, 1899 \u2013 January 6, 1960) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.Born in Horicon, Wisconsin, he went to University of Wisconsin-Madison and served in the United States Navy during World War I. He was a salesman and worked in the insurance business. He served on the Dodge County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors 1933\u20131937. In 1943, Hawks moved to Pennsylvania where he worked in public relations. As a Republican he represented Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district in the 76th United States Congress. He died in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.", "Q43135": "Kevin Michael Rudd (born 21 September 1957) is an Australian former politician who was the 26th Prime Minister of Australia, serving from December 2007 to June 2010 and again from June to September 2013. He held office as the leader of the Australian Labor Party.\nRudd was born in Nambour, Queensland. He has a degree in Chinese studies from the Australian National University, and is fluent in Mandarin. Before entering politics, he worked as a diplomat, political staffer, and public servant. Rudd was elected to the House of Representatives at the 1998 election, running in the Division of Griffith. He was promoted to the Shadow Cabinet in 2001 as Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs. In December 2006, he successfully challenged Kim Beazley to become the Leader of the Labor Party (and thus Leader of the Opposition). Under Rudd, Labor overtook the incumbent Coalition government led by John Howard in the polls, making a number of policy announcements in education, health, industrial relations, and climate change.\nLabor won the 2007 election by a landslide, with a 23-seat swing in its favour. The Rudd Government's first acts included signing the Kyoto Protocol and delivering an apology to Indigenous Australians for the Stolen Generations. Its signature policies included the National Broadband Network, the Digital Education Revolution, and Building the Education Revolution. It also largely dismantled WorkChoices (the previous government's industrial relations legislation), withdrew Australia's remaining Iraq War combat personnel, and organised the Australia 2020 Summit. The government provided economic stimulus packages in response to the global financial crisis, and Australia was one of the few developed countries to avoid the late-2000s recession.\nDespite a long period of popularity in opinion polls, a significant fall in Rudd's personal ratings in the middle of 2010 was blamed on a proposed Resource Super Profits Tax and the deferral of the Senate-rejected Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme. With the next election drawing near, there was growing dissatisfaction with Rudd's leadership within the Labor Party. Rudd's deputy Julia Gillard eventually announced on 23 June 2010 that she would challenge him for the leadership the following day. He chose not to contest, knowing he would be defeated if he contested the leadership, and on the morning of the ballot he resigned as Prime Minister. However, he remained in politics and successfully re-contested his seat at the 2010 election, after which Labor formed a minority government.\nIn September 2010, Rudd was promoted back to cabinet as Minister for Foreign Affairs. He remained in that post until his resignation on 22 February 2012; Gillard called a leadership spill the following day, which Rudd lost 71\u201331. Tensions over the leadership continued, and Gillard announced another ballot in March 2013, which Rudd did not contest. A further ballot was held in June 2013, which Rudd won 57\u201345. His second term as prime minister lasted less than three months; he became the first serving Australian prime minister to publicly support same-sex marriage. Despite an initial rise in opinion polls following his return, Labor was defeated in the 2013 election.\nRudd announced his retirement from politics a few months after the 2013 election. In February 2014, he was named a senior fellow with John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, where he completed a major research effort on the future of China\u2013United States relations. In September 2014, he became a distinguished fellow at the Paulson Institute, a think tank at the University of Chicago. He is also the inaugural President of the Asia Society Policy Institute, and chairs the Independent Commission on Multilateralism and the Sanitation and Water for All global partnership.\n\n", "Q7122": "Paul Michel Audiard (French: [mi\u0283\u025bl odja\u0281]; 15 May 1920 \u2013 27 July 1985) was a French screenwriter and film director, known for his witty, irreverent and slang-laden dialogues which made him a prominent figure on the French cultural scene of the 1960s and 1970s. He was the father of French film director Jacques Audiard.", "Q1827998": "Lisle Arthur Atkinson (sometimes \"Lysle\") (Born September 16, 1940, New York, NY; Died March 25, 2019, New York, NY) was an American jazz double-bassist.\nAtkinson played violin from age four and switched to stand-up bass at twelve years of age. He attended the Manhattan School of Music, and after graduating worked as Nina Simone's bassist from 1962 to 1966. He also worked with the New York Bass Choir and Les Spann during this time. He played with Betty Carter from 1969 to 1971 and in the 1970s worked with Kenny Burrell, George Coleman, Andrew Cyrille, Maynard Ferguson, Dizzy Gillespie, John Gordon, Jon Hendricks, Helen Humes, Hank Jones, Wynton Kelly, Howard McGhee, Horace Parlan, Hazel Scott, Norman Simmons, Frank Strozier, Billy Taylor, Clark Terry, Stanley Turrentine, and Richard Wyands. He formed his own group, the Neo-Bass Ensemble, in 1983, which included five bassists, including Paul H. Brown, a pianist, and Al Harewood on drums. In the 1980s he also played with Benny Carter, Lee Konitz, Grover Mitchell, Joe Newman, Dakota Staton, and Ernie Wilkins. Associations in the 1990s and 2000s included Barry Harris, Leroy Williams, Jeanne Lee, and Sir Charles Thompson.", "Q466190": "Great Falls is a city in and the county seat of Cascade County, Montana, United States. The 2017 census estimate put the population at 58,638. The population was 58,505 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Great Falls, Montana Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Cascade County and has a population of 82,278. Great Falls was the largest city in Montana from 1950 to 1970, when Billings surpassed it. Great Falls remained the second largest city in Montana until 2000, when it was passed by Missoula. Since then Great Falls has been the third largest city in the state.Great Falls takes its name from the series of five waterfalls in close proximity along the upper Missouri River basin that the Lewis and Clark Expedition had to portage around over a ten-mile stretch; the effort required 31 days of arduous labor during the westward leg of their 1805\u201306 exploration of the Louisiana Purchase and to the Pacific Northwest Coast of the Oregon Country. Each falls sports a hydroelectric dam today, hence Great Falls is nicknamed \"the Electric City\". Currently there are two undeveloped parts of their portage route; these are included within the Great Falls Portage, a National Historic Landmark.\nThe city is home to the C. M. Russell Museum Complex, the University of Providence, Great Falls College Montana State University, Giant Springs, the Roe River (which is claimed to be the world's shortest river), the Montana School for the Deaf and the Blind, the Great Falls Voyagers minor league baseball team, and is adjacent to Malmstrom Air Force Base. The local newspaper is the Great Falls Tribune.", "Q202881": "John Bertrand \"Bert\" Johnson (October 2, 1887 \u2013 November 27, 1970) (n\u00e9 Johan Erik Bertrand) was a Swedish-born American electrical engineer and physicist. He first explained in detail a fundamental source of random interference with information traveling on wires.", "Q213754": "Isaac Jacob Schmidt (October 4, 1779 \u2013 August 27, 1847) was an Orientalist specializing in Mongolian and Tibetan. Schmidt was a Moravian missionary to the Kalmyks and devoted much of his labours to Bible translation.\nBorn in Amsterdam, he spent much of his career in St. Petersburg as a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He published the first grammar and dictionary of Mongolian, as well as a grammar and dictionary of Tibetan. He also translated Sanang Sechen's Erdeni-yin tob\u010di into German, and several Geser Khan epics into Russian and German. His works are regarded as ground-breaking for the establishment of Mongolian and Tibetan studies.", "Q65694": "Schnaus is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Schnaus, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.", "Q1553": "Nebraska (listen) is a state that lies both in the Great Plains and in the Midwestern United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the southwest; and Wyoming to the west. It is the only triply landlocked U.S. state.\nNebraska's area is just over 77,220 square miles (200,000 km2) with a population of almost 1.9 million. Its capital is Lincoln, and its largest city is Omaha, which is on the Missouri River.\nIndigenous peoples, including Omaha, Missouria, Ponca, Pawnee, Otoe, and various branches of the Lakota (Sioux) tribes, lived in the region for thousands of years before European exploration. The state is crossed by many historic trails, including that of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.\nNebraska is composed of two major land regions: the Dissected Till Plains and the Great Plains. The Dissected Till Plains region consist of gently rolling hills and contains the state's largest cities, Omaha and Lincoln. The Great Plains region, occupying most of western Nebraska, is characterized by treeless prairie, suitable for cattle-grazing.\nNebraska has two major climatic zones. The eastern half of the state has a humid continental climate (K\u00f6ppen climate classification Dfa); a unique warmer subtype considered \"warm-temperate\" exists near the southern plains like in Kansas and Oklahoma which have a predominantly humid subtropical climate. The western half of the state has a primarily semi-arid climate (Koppen BSk). The state has wide variations between winter and summer temperatures, variations that decrease moving south within the state. Violent thunderstorms and tornadoes occur primarily during spring and summer and sometimes in autumn. Chinook wind tends to warm the state significantly in the winter and early spring.\n\n", "Q440631": "Oliver Ames (February 4, 1831 \u2013 October 22, 1895) was an American businessman, investor, politician, and philanthropist from Massachusetts. He was the son of Oakes Ames (1804\u20131873), a railroad tycoon behind the construction of the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) who was notably censured in the Credit Mobilier scandal for actions taken while a United States Congressman. Ames was executor of his father's estate, and took over many of his business interests. A Republican, he served as the 35th Governor of Massachusetts (1887\u20131890). He was a major philanthropist, especially in his hometown of Easton, which is graced by a number of architecturally significant works by H.H. Richardson as a result of his influence.", "Q930987": "Herm\u00e9n\u00e9gilde Chiasson (born 7 April 1946) is a Canadian poet, playwright and visual artist of Acadian origin. Born in Saint-Simon, New Brunswick, he was the 29th Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick between 2003 and 2009. He is also currently a professor at Universit\u00e9 de Moncton.", "Q429687": "The Upper West Side is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded by Central Park on the east, the Hudson River on the west, West 59th Street to the south, and West 110th Street to the north.Like the Upper East Side, the Upper West Side is an affluent, primarily residential area with many of its residents working in commercial areas of Midtown and Lower Manhattan. Similarly to the Museum Mile district on the Upper East Side, the Upper West Side is considered one of Manhattan's cultural and intellectual hubs, with Columbia University and Barnard College located just to the north of the neighborhood, and Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts and Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School located at the south end. The Upper West Side is among New York City's wealthiest neighborhoods.The Upper West Side is part of Manhattan Community District 7 and its primary ZIP Codes are 10023, 10024, 10025, and 10069. It is patrolled by the 20th and 24th Precincts of the New York City Police Department. It is sometimes abbreviated UWS.", "Q55757": "Shivaji Sawant (31 August 1940 \u2013 18 September 2002) was an Indian novelist in the Marathi language. He is known as Mrityunjaykaar (meaning Maker of Mrityunjay) for writing the famous Marathi novel Mrityunjay. He was the first Marathi writer to be awarded with prestigious Moortidevi Award in 1994.He wrote a book Mrityunjay (English: Triumph Over Death) based on Karna, one of the leading characters of the epic Mahabharat. This book was translated into Hindi (1974), English (1989), Kannada (1990), Gujarati (1991), Malayalam (1995) and received numerous awards and accolades. In 1980 he wrote a book Chhava based on Great Sambhaji Maharaj's life.\nHe held the post of the vice-president of Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad since 1995. He was president of Baroda Sahitya Sammelan in 1983.", "Q286559": "Giuliana Sgrena (born 20 December 1948) is an Italian journalist who works for the Italian communist newspaper Il Manifesto and the German weekly Die Zeit. While working in Iraq, she was kidnapped by insurgents on 4 February 2005. After her release on 4 March 2005, Sgrena and the two Italian intelligence officers who had helped secure her release came under fire from U.S. forces while on their way to Baghdad International Airport. Nicola Calipari, a Major General in the Italian military intelligence service was killed, and Sgrena and one other officer were wounded in the incident. The event caused an international outcry.", "Q183499": "\u00c6thelred II (Old English: \u00c6\u00feelr\u00e6d, pronounced [\u00e6\u00f0elr\u00e6\u02d0d]; c. 966 \u2013 23 April 1016), known as the Unready, was King of the English from 978 to 1013 and again from 1014 until his death. His epithet does not derive from the modern word \"unready\", but rather from the Old English unr\u00e6d meaning \"poorly advised\"; it is a pun on his name, which means \"well advised\".\n\u00c6thelred was the son of King Edgar and Queen \u00c6lfthryth. He came to the throne at about the age of 12, following the assassination of his older half-brother, Edward the Martyr. His brother's murder was carried out by supporters of his own claim to the throne, although he was too young to have any personal involvement.\nThe chief problem of \u00c6thelred's reign was conflict with the Danes. After several decades of relative peace, Danish raids on English territory began again in earnest in the 980s. Following the Battle of Maldon in 991, \u00c6thelred paid tribute, or Danegeld, to the Danish king. In 1002, \u00c6thelred ordered what became known as the St. Brice's Day massacre of Danish settlers. In 1013, King Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark invaded England, as a result of which \u00c6thelred fled to Normandy in 1013 and was replaced by Sweyn. However, he returned as king for two years after Sweyn's death in 1014. \u00c6thelred's 37-year combined reign was the longest of any Anglo-Saxon king of England, and was only surpassed in the 13th century, by Henry III. \u00c6thelred was briefly succeeded by his son, Edmund Ironside, but he died after a few months and was replaced by Sweyn's son, Cnut. Another of \u00c6thelred's sons, Edward the Confessor, became king in 1042.\n\n", "Q99349": "Wilhelm Dreher (10 January 1892 in Ay an der Iller, Neu-Ulm district \u2013 19 November 1969 in Senden) was a German politician with the Nazi Party.\nDreher was a member of the Reichstag, first being elected in 1928 and retaining his seat until the fall of the Third Reich. In the early 1930s he was close to Gregor Strasser for a time. He was recognised within the Nazi Party as an economics specialist and he wrote on this topic for V\u00f6lkischer Beobachter.\nIn 1933 he became the Polizeidirektor in Ulm, and an Oberf\u00fchrer in the SS.", "Q81506": "Charles I (19 November 1600 \u2013 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.\nCharles was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603 (as James I), he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became heir apparent to the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1612 on the death of his elder brother Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations. Two years later he married the Bourbon princess Henrietta Maria of France.\nAfter his succession in 1625, Charles quarrelled with the Parliament of England, which sought to curb his royal prerogative. Charles believed in the divine right of kings, and was determined to govern according to his own conscience. Many of his subjects opposed his policies, in particular the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent, and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic, generated the antipathy and mistrust of Reformed groups such as the English Puritans and Scottish Covenanters, who thought his views were too Catholic. He supported high church Anglican ecclesiastics, such as Richard Montagu and William Laud, and failed to aid Protestant forces successfully during the Thirty Years' War. His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments, and helped precipitate his own downfall.\nFrom 1642, Charles fought the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments in the English Civil War. After his defeat in 1645, he surrendered to a Scottish force that eventually handed him over to the English Parliament. Charles refused to accept his captors' demands for a constitutional monarchy, and temporarily escaped captivity in November 1647. Re-imprisoned on the Isle of Wight, Charles forged an alliance with Scotland, but by the end of 1648 Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army had consolidated its control over England. Charles was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason in January 1649. The monarchy was abolished and the Commonwealth of England was established as a republic. The monarchy would be restored to Charles's son, Charles II, in 1660.", "Q116694": "Marcel Regamey (1905\u20131982) was a Swiss essayist and journalist from the Canton of Vaud.", "Q1235": "Giovanni Leone (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292o\u02c8vanni le\u02c8o\u02d0ne]; 3 November 1908 \u2013 9 November 2001) was an Italian politician. He was the 37th Prime Minister of Italy from 21 June 1963 to 4 December 1963 and again from 24 June 1968 to 12 December 1968. He also served as the sixth President of Italy from 1971 to 1978.", "Q88244": "Francis Kruse (1854\u20131930) was a German politician.", "Q62845": "Jeroen Aart Krabb\u00e9 (Dutch pronunciation: [j\u0259\u02c8run \u02c8a\u02d0rt kr\u0251\u02c8be\u02d0]; born 5 December 1944) is a Dutch actor and film director who has appeared in more than 60 films since 1963, including Soldaat van Oranje (1977), The Fourth Man (1983), The Living Daylights (1987), The Prince of Tides (1991), The Fugitive (1993), and Immortal Beloved (1994).", "Q358231": "Jacques Martin (22 June 1933 \u2013 14 September 2007) was a French TV host and producer.", "Q176160": "Carlos Ernesto Soria (March 1, 1949 \u2013 January 1, 2012) was an Argentine lawyer and Justicialist Party politician. He died in the early hours of January 1, 2012, from a gunshot wound, at his farm, after the New Year celebrations. Soria was the governor of Rio Negro Province at the time. His widow was charged with first-degree murder on January 19, 2012.\n\n", "Q482202": "Adam Alexander Carson (born February 5, 1975) is the drummer of the alternative rock band AFI. He and Davey Havok are the two original members left in the lineup. Carson also filled in as drummer for the psychobilly band Tiger Army. His drumming can be found on Tiger Army's Early Years EP as well as their debut album Tiger Army. Carson was also a member of Influence 13 \u2013 a band formed by Nick 13, Jade Puget (who joined AFI in 1998), Geoff Kresge (who left AFI in 1996), and two other friends.", "Q468803": "Dr. Cristina Garmendia y Mendiz\u00e1bal (San Sebastian, 1962) is a Spanish biologist and businesswoman. With no previous political career, she was appointed as Minister of Science and Innovation in April 2008 by the President of the Government of Spain, Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero.With a PhD in Biology from the Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, before her election as a minister, she was the president of the Inbiomed Foundation and the Spanish Society of Bio enterprises. In 2000, she founded Genetrix., a biotechnology company and in 2008 YSIOS, a venture capital firm, specialized in health and biotechnology. She was also a member of the board of the Spanish Confederation of Employers' Organizations (CEOE). After her term was over, Dr. Garmendia has taken up again her management side as member of YSIOS.She is a shareholder of Genetrix, and a member of scientific or advisory boards for many organizations, such as the Women for Africa Foundation. and the Colombian Government\u2019s Productive Transformation Program International Advisory Board. She is also an active board member of a number of Spanish companies, branch organizations and a top business school.", "Q357102": "Lewis Wallace (April 10, 1827 \u2013 February 15, 1905) was an American lawyer, Union general in the American Civil War, governor of the New Mexico Territory, politician, diplomat, and author from Indiana. Among his novels and biographies, Wallace is best known for his historical adventure story, Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1880), a bestselling novel that has been called \"the most influential Christian book of the nineteenth century.\"Wallace's military career included service in the Mexican\u2013American War and the American Civil War. He was appointed Indiana's adjutant general and commanded the 11th Indiana Infantry Regiment. Wallace, who attained the rank of major general, participated in the Battle of Fort Donelson, the Battle of Shiloh, and the Battle of Monocacy. He also served on the military commission for the trials of the Lincoln assassination conspirators, and presided over the trial of Henry Wirz, the Confederate commandant of the Andersonville prison camp.\nWallace resigned from the U.S. Army in November 1865 and briefly served as a major general in the Mexican army, before returning to the United States. Wallace was appointed governor of the New Mexico Territory (1878\u201381) and served as U.S. minister to the Ottoman Empire (1881\u201385). Wallace retired to his home in Crawfordsville, Indiana, where he continued to write until his death in 1905.", "Q1370974": "Peter Allen (born Peter Richard Woolnough; 10 February 1944 \u2013 18 June 1992) was an Australian singer-songwriter, musician and entertainer, known for his flamboyant stage persona and lavish costumes. His songs were made popular by many recording artists, including Elkie Brooks, Melissa Manchester and Olivia Newton-John, with one, \"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)\" by Christopher Cross, winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1981. In addition to recording many albums, he enjoyed a cabaret and concert career, including appearing at the Radio City Music Hall riding a camel. His patriotic song \"I Still Call Australia Home\", has been used extensively in advertising campaigns, and was added to the National Film and Sound Archive's Sounds of Australia registry in 2013.Allen was the first husband of Liza Minnelli, with the couple divorcing after seven years of marriage; he later came out as gay. He and his long-term partner died from AIDS-related illnesses eight years apart, with Allen becoming one of the first well-known Australians to die from AIDS. In 1998, a musical about his life, The Boy from Oz debuted in Australia. It ran on Broadway and earned Hugh Jackman a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical.", "Q11673": "Andrew Mark Cuomo ( KWOH-moh; born December 6, 1957) is an American politician, author, and lawyer serving since 2011 as the 56th governor of New York. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected to the same position his father, Mario Cuomo, held for three terms.\nBorn in New York City, Cuomo is a graduate of Fordham University and Albany Law School of Union University, New York. He began his career working as the campaign manager for his father, then as an assistant district attorney in New York City before entering private law practice. He founded Housing Enterprise for the Less Privileged (HELP USA) and was appointed chair of the New York City Homeless Commission, a position he held from 1990 to 1993.\nIn 1993, Cuomo joined the Clinton Administration as Assistant Secretary for Community Planning and Development in the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. From 1997 to 2001, he served as the U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.\nIn 2006, Cuomo was elected Attorney General of New York. He won the election as Governor of New York in 2010 and has been reelected twice after winning primaries against liberal challengers Zephyr Teachout (2014) and Cynthia Nixon (2018). During his governorship, Cuomo oversaw the passage of a law legalizing same-sex marriage in New York; creation of the United States Climate Alliance, a group of states committed to fighting climate change by following the terms of the Paris Climate Accords; passage of the strictest gun control law in the U.S.; Medicaid expansion; a new tax code that raised taxes for the wealthy and lowered taxes for the middle class; paid family leave; an increase in the minimum wage; wage equality; and legislation legalizing medical marijuana.", "Q83311": "The Persian Empire or Imperial Iran (Persian: \u0634\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200e, translit. \u0160\u00e2han\u0161\u00e2hiye Ir\u00e2n) is any one of the many imperial dynasties centred in Iran (Persia) from the 6th century BCE, the Achaemenid Empire, to the 20th century CE, the Pahlavi dynasty.", "Q442740": "Simon West (born 17 July 1961) is a British film director and producer of action films.", "Q1395046": "Hsinbyushin (Burmese: \u1006\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a, IPA: [s\u02b0\u026a\u0300\u0270\u0303 p\u02b0j\u00fa \u0283\u026a\u0300\u0270\u0303]; Thai: \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e31\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30; 12 September 1736 \u2013 10 June 1776) was king of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1763 to 1776. The second son of the dynasty founder Alaungpaya is best known for his wars with China and Siam, and is considered the most militaristic king of the dynasty. His successful defense against four Chinese invasions preserved Burmese independence. His invasion of Siam (1765\u20131767) ended Siam's Ayutthaya Dynasty. The near simultaneous victories over China and Siam has been referred to as testimony \"to a truly astonishing elan unmatched since Bayinnaung.\" He also raised the Shwedagon Pagoda to its current height in April 1775.\nThe deputy commander-in-chief during his father's reunification campaigns (1752\u20131759), Hsinbyushin as king pursued an expansionist policy against his neighbors. By 1767, his armies had put down a rebellion in Manipur, captured the Laotian states, temporarily defeated Siam, and driven back two invasions by China. But his reckless decision to wage two simultaneous wars against China and Siam nearly cost the kingdom its independence. The third Chinese invasion of 1767\u20131768 penetrated deep into central Burma, forcing Hsinbyushin to hastily withdraw his armies from Siam. While the reinforced Burmese armies defeated the Chinese, and reached an uneasy truce in 1769, the Chinese threatened another invasion for another decade, and prevented Hsinbyushin from renewing the war with Siam.\nThe specter of war kept the state heavily militarized, setting the stage for army commanders to mistreat the population. In 1773, the army command provoked a rebellion by ethnic Mon troops, only to suppress the mutiny with \"undue severity\". The warlord behavior by local governors and army commanders only increased in 1774 when Hsinbyushin suffered from what turned out to be a long illness that would ultimately claim his life. In 1775, periphery vassals states of Lan Na and Manipur both revolted. He died in June 1776 while the Burmese forces were still engaged in Siam and Manipur. The Burmese armies withdrew from Siam right after his death, leaving Lan Na in Siamese hands.\nWhile most of his military victories were short-lived, the present-day Burmese control of Taninthayi Region, northern and eastern Shan State and Kachin State is an enduring result of his reign.", "Q313998": "The Hudsucker Proxy is a 1994 comedy film co-written, produced, and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. Sam Raimi co-wrote the script and served as second unit director. The film stars Tim Robbins as a na\u00efve but ambitious business school graduate who is installed as president of a manufacturing company, Jennifer Jason Leigh as a newspaper reporter, and Paul Newman as a company director who hires the graduate as part of a stock scam.\nThe script was finished in 1985, but production did not start until 1991, when Joel Silver acquired the script for Silver Pictures. Warner Bros. subsequently agreed to distribute the film, with further financing from PolyGram Filmed Entertainment and Working Title Films. Filming at Carolco Studios in Wilmington, North Carolina lasted from November 1992 to March 1993. The New York City scale model set was designed by Michael J. McAlister and Mark Stetson, with further effects provided by The Computer Film Company. \nUpon its release in March 1994, The Hudsucker Proxy received mixed reviews from critics and bombed at the box office, but has since gained a cult following.", "Q49418": "Rudolf Nebel (21 March 1894 \u2013 18 September 1978) was a spaceflight advocate active in Germany's amateur rocket group, the Verein f\u00fcr Raumschiffahrt (VfR \u2013 \"Spaceflight Society\") in the 1930s and in rebuilding German rocketry following World War II.", "Q332956": "Sir Harold George Nicolson, (21 November 1886 \u2013 1 May 1968), was a British diplomat, author, diarist, and politician. He was the husband of writer Vita Sackville-West.", "Q208374": "Naveen William Sidney Andrews (born 17 January 1969) is a British-American actor. He is known for numerous roles, such as Sayid Jarrah in the television series Lost, Kip Singh in the film The English Patient and Sanjay in the 2002 remake of Rollerball. For his role on Lost, Andrews was nominated for a Golden Globe in 2006, a Primetime Emmy Award in 2005 and received the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2006.", "Q1357313": "Johnny Kelly (born March 9, 1968) is an American drummer, best known as the former drummer for the gothic metal band Type O Negative from Brooklyn, New York. He is the current drummer for the bands Silvertomb, A Pale Horse Named Death, Kill Devil Hill, and Danzig.He joined Type O Negative in 1994 to replace Sal Abruscato. He had previously been the band's drum tech.He currently endorses Gretsch Drums, Sabian cymbals, Easton Ahead drumsticks and Evans drum heads. Contributing to his long music history, he lent his drumming skill to the song Blood and Flames from Roadrunner United: The All Star Sessions.\nKelly served as a fill-in drummer for heavy metal band Pist.On on an American tour while their drummer, Jeff McManus, dealt with chronic muscle pain.Kelly has been the drummer for Danzig for 15 years (from 2002 to 2017), and recorded drums for the band's ninth album Deth Red Sabaoth (2010), covers album Skeletons (2015), and shared drum duty on the band's latest album Black Laden Crown (2017).\nKelly is also the drummer for heavy metal band Seventh Void with fellow Type O Negative member Kenny Hickey. He also plays drums in a Led Zeppelin tribute band called Earl's Court.\nOn February 25, 2011, it was announced that Kelly would be replacing Will Hunt as the drummer for Black Label Society for the remainder of their European tour. He made his first live performance with the band that night at La Cigale in Paris, France.\nAs of 2011, Kelly is also the drummer for former Type O Negative drummer Sal Abruscato's new project, A Pale Horse Named Death. On January 29, 2018, it was announced on the band's website that A Pale Horse Named Death had recruited Tommy Spano of Corey Glover and Sekond Skyn as the new drummer, replacing Kelly. On April 5, 2018, it was announced that Kelly was once again the band's drummer.Kelly is currently touring with Seven Witches.\nOn March 10, 2014, it was announced that Vinny Appice had left Kill Devil Hill, and that Kelly was his replacement.\n\n", "Q550436": "Neil Mullane Finn (born 27 May 1958) is a New Zealand singer-songwriter and musician who is currently a member of Fleetwood Mac. With his brother Tim Finn, he was the co-frontman for Split Enz, a project that he joined after it was initially founded by Tim and others, and then became the frontman for Crowded House. He has also recorded several successful solo albums and assembled diverse musicians for the 7 Worlds Collide project; contributor Ed O'Brien, also guitarist for Radiohead, has hailed Finn as popular music's \"most prolific writer of great songs\".Finn rose to prominence in the late 1970s with Split Enz and wrote the successful songs \"One Step Ahead\", \"History Never Repeats\", \"I Got You\" and \"Message to My Girl\", among others. Finn rose to international fame after Split Enz broke up in 1984. While his brother Tim left for England, Neil was the founder of Crowded House with Split Enz's last drummer Paul Hester in 1985. The group achieved international success in 1987 when they released the single \"Don't Dream It's Over\", written by Neil.\nHe ended Crowded House in 1996 to embark on what was to become a moderately successful solo career, and has released two albums with his brother Tim as the Finn Brothers. In 2006, after the death of drummer Paul Hester, Finn reformed Crowded House (adding Beck's former drummer Matt Sherrod) and released their first studio album in over 13 years, Time on Earth, and the band began a world tour. In 2010, Finn commenced another world tour with Crowded House in support of their 2010 release, Intriguer. In February 2014, Finn released his third solo album, Dizzy Heights.On 9 April 2018, it was announced that Finn would perform with Fleetwood Mac as part of their forthcoming tour in 2018, replacing Lindsey Buckingham after Buckingham's firing.", "Q200728": "Two Tickets to Paradise is a 2006 film starring John C. McGinley, D. B. Sweeney (in his directorial debut), Paul Hipp, and minor roles for Moira Kelly and Ed Harris.", "Q230827": "Jordana Brewster (born April 26, 1980) is an American actress and model. She made her acting debut in an episode of All My Children in 1995 and next took on the recurring role as Nikki Munson in As the World Turns, garnering a nomination for Outstanding Teen Performer at the 1997 Soap Opera Digest Award. Her first role in a feature film was in Robert Rodriguez's horror science fiction The Faculty (1998).\nHer breakthrough came with her role of Mia Toretto in the action film The Fast and the Furious (2001). She reprised the role in its sequels, Fast & Furious (2009), Fast Five (2011), Fast & Furious 6 (2013), Furious 7 (2015), and will reprise her role in F9 (2021). Other film credits include the drama The Invisible Circus (2001), the action comedy D.E.B.S. (2004) and the horror film The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning (2006).\nBrewster starred on the TNT series Dallas from 2012 to 2014. She also had a five-episode arc as Denise Brown in the first season of the FX true crime anthology series American Crime Story (2016). She recently starred as Dr. Maureen Cahill on the Fox buddy cop action dramedy Lethal Weapon (2016\u20132018).", "Q76824": "Cat Ballou is a 1965 American western comedy film starring Jane Fonda and Lee Marvin, who won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his dual role. The story involves a woman who hires a notorious gunman to protect her father's ranch, and later to avenge his murder, only to find that the gunman is not what she expected. The supporting cast features Tom Nardini, Michael Callan, Dwayne Hickman, and Nat King Cole and Stubby Kaye, who together perform the film's theme song, and who appear throughout the film as a kind of musical Greek chorus and framing device.\nThe film was directed by Elliot Silverstein from a screenplay by Walter Newman and Frank Pierson adapted from the 1956 novel The Ballad of Cat Ballou by Roy Chanslor, who also wrote the novel filmed as Johnny Guitar. Chanslor's novel was a serious Western, and though it was turned into a comedy for the film, the filmmakers retained some darker elements. The film references many classic Western films, notably Shane. The film was selected by the American Film Institute as the 10th greatest Western of all time in its AFI's 10 Top 10 list in 2008.", "Q315325": "Russell Albion Meyer (March 21, 1922 \u2013 September 18, 2004) was an American film director, producer, screenwriter, cinematographer, film editor, actor, and photographer. Meyer is known primarily for writing and directing a series of successful sexploitation films that featured campy humor, sly satire and large-breasted women, such as Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!", "Q18125": "Manchester () is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 547,627 as of 2018 (making it the fifth most populous English district). It lies within the United Kingdom's second-most populous urban area, with a population of 2.5 million and third most populous metropolitan area, with a population of 3.3 million. It is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and an arc of towns with which it forms a continuous conurbation. Over 7 million people live within a 1 hour drive of central Manchester. The local authority for the city is Manchester City Council.\nThe recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium or Mancunium, which was established in about AD 79 on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. It is historically a part of Lancashire, although areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated in the 20th century. The first to be included, Wythenshawe, was added to the city in 1931. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but began to expand \"at an astonishing rate\" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. Manchester achieved city status in 1853. The Manchester Ship Canal opened in 1894, creating the Port of Manchester and directly linking the city to the Irish Sea, 36 miles (58 km) to the west. Its fortune declined after the Second World War, owing to deindustrialisation, but the IRA bombing in 1996 led to extensive investment and regeneration. Following successful redevelopment after the IRA bombing, Manchester was the host city for the 2002 Commonwealth Games.\nManchester is the third most visited city in the UK, after London and Edinburgh. It is notable for its architecture, culture, musical exports, media links, scientific and engineering output, social impact, sports clubs and transport connections.\nManchester is a city of notable firsts. Manchester Liverpool Road railway station was the world's first inter-city passenger railway station and the oldest remaining railway station. The city has also excelled in scientific advancement, as it was at The University of Manchester, in 1917, that scientist Ernest Rutherford first split the atom. The university's further achievements include Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill who developed and built the world's first stored-program computer in 1948; and, in 2004, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov successfully isolated and characterised the first graphene.", "Q1120123": "G\u00e1bor Kov\u00e1cs (born 2 January 1957 in Orosh\u00e1za) is a Hungarian financier, banker, art collector, philanthropist and founder of KOGART.\n\n", "Q78809": "Wilhelm Franz Josef Beiglb\u00f6ck (October 10, 1905, in Hochneukirchen (Hochneukirchen-Gschaidt), Lower Austria, Imp.&R. Austria \u2013 November 22, 1963, in Buxtehude, Lower Saxony, Germany) was an internist and held the title of Consulting Physician to the German Luftwaffe during World War II.\nBeiglb\u00f6ck visited Stiftsgymnasium Melk and studied medicine at the university of Vienna. During his studies he there became active in Wiener Burschenschaft Moldavia. \nFirst he worked as an assistant at the Medical University Clinic in Vienna for Franz Chvostek junior and afterwards for Hans Eppinger junior.\nSince 1933 he was a member of the Nazi Party and since 1934 of SA, promoted till the rank of Obersturmbannf\u00fchrer. In 1939 he made his habilitation and in 1940 he became top doctor under Hans Eppinger. From May 1941 Beiglb\u00f6ck worked as Stabsarzt of the Luftwaffe. In 1944 he became extrabudgetary professor at the Vienna university. During the war he performed medical tests involving seawater on inmates at Dachau concentration camp.\n\nBeiglb\u00f6ck was a defendant in the Nuremberg Doctor's Trial. He was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity, and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment. His sentence was commuted to 10 years and from 1952 - 1963 he served as the chief physician at the Hospital of Buxtehude.\nIn the beginning of 1947 the Vienna prosecution initiated proceedings against Beiglb\u00f6ck because of war crimes, mistreatment, and violating human rights. The Vienna proceedings were finished in October 1947.", "Q859931": "Sir Martin Faulkner Broughton (born 15 April 1947) is a British businessman and Deputy Chairman of International Airlines Group. Formed in January 2011, IAG is the parent company of British Airways, Iberia and Vueling. It is a Spanish registered company with shares traded on the London Stock Exchange and Spanish Stock Exchanges. The corporate head office for IAG is in London, UK. He is also a Managing Partner at Sports Investment Partners and Chairman of the sports virtual advertising company Supponor. He is a former chairman of Liverpool Football Club and also served as President of the Confederation of British Industry.\n\n", "Q538952": "Attila (also known as Attila the Hun in the UK) is a 2001 American television miniseries set during the waning days of the Western Roman Empire, in particular during the invasions of the Huns in Europe.", "Q444325": "Anitra Linn\u00e9a Steen (born Anitra Linn\u00e9a Bergstr\u00f6m on 13 May 1949) is a Swedish politician, civil servant and the wife of former Prime Minister G\u00f6ran Persson.\nBetween 1999 and May 2009, when she retired, she was the manager of Systembolaget, the Swedish state alcoholic beverage retailing monopoly. In that role she was forced to cope with a full blown corruption scandal, involving bribery of shop managers and senior staff by some major suppliers, including Vin & Sprit, formerly the producing and importing division of the Swedish state monopoly. Vin & Sprit is now owned by Pernod Ricard.", "Q85774": "Erich Feigl (1931 \u2013 January 27, 2007) was an Austrian documentary film producer and author. He produced almost 60 documentaries, mostly for the Austrian ORF but some for BR (Bavarian), ZDF (German) and TRT (Turkish Radio Television) in co-production. He authored books about the Habsburgs, whose restoration he supported, and the historical fact of the Armenian Genocide, which he denied until his death.", "Q539494": "Krypteria was a gothic metal band from Aachen, Germany. Originating from a 2001 \"pop musical theatre studio project\" of the same name, the idea was to use different vocalists, though German-Korean singer Ji-In Cho assumed the role of lead vocalist in 2004. One self-titled studio album was released under this moniker (later edited and re-released as Liberatio). The group went on hiatus in 2012 and later reformed as And Then She Came in 2016.", "Q508891": "Mieczys\u0142aw Kar\u0142owicz ([mi\u025bt\u0361\u0282\u0268swaf \u02c8karw\u0254vit\u0361\u0282], 11 December 1876 \u2013 8 February 1909) was a Polish composer and conductor.", "Q237190": "Samantha Mathis (born May 12, 1970) is an American actress and trade union leader who serves as the Vice President, Actors/Performers of SAG-AFTRA. The daughter of actress Bibi Besch, Mathis made her film debut in Pump Up the Volume (1990), and later co-starred or appeared in such films as FernGully: The Last Rainforest (1992), Super Mario Bros. (1993), Little Women (1994), The American President (1995), Broken Arrow (1996), American Psycho (2000), The Punisher (2004), and Atlas Shrugged: Part II (2012). She has recently had recurring roles on The Strain as New York City Councilwoman Justine Feraldo, and on Billions as Taylor Mason Capital COO Sara Hammon.", "Q2028985": "L\u00f6b Nevakhovich, or Lev Nikolayevich (Leib ben Noach) Nevakhovich (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u041b\u0435\u0439\u0431 \u0411\u0435\u043d \u041d\u043e\u0430\u0445) \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447, born between 1776 and 1778, Letychiv, Podolia \u2013 13 August [O.S. 1 August] 1831, Saint Petersburg), was a Russian writer and one of the first maskilim in Russia. Nevakhovich was friend and prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Abram Peretz. He went to St. Petersburg toward the end of Catherine II's reign, and engaged in commercial pursuits, then turned to literature. He was among the first Russian Jews to gain a mastery of the Russian language, starting with translations from German, Hebrew and Swedish. Nevakhovich was a linguist, a student of philosophy, and an ardent admirer of Moses Mendelssohn. Nevakhovich held patriotic views regarding both his Jewish heritage and the Russian Empire, expressing his gratitude for opportunities of growth. He also was optimistic in regard to the future of the Jews and assumed that they would be granted greater liberty. In 1806 Nevakhovich was baptized into the Lutheran Church (Russian Orthodox according to other sources). In 1817 he moved to Warsaw where he started working for the Ministry of Finance. In 1831 he returned to St. Petersburg in order to mount one of his plays on the stage, but he died before he could accomplish his purpose. Nevakhovich is interred in Volkovo Cemetery in St. Petersburg.", "Q897286": "Timotei Cipariu (Romanian pronunciation: [timo\u02c8tej t\u0361\u0283i\u02c8parju]; February 21, 1805, P\u0103nade, Kis-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151\u2013September 3, 1887) was a Romanian cleric and academic. He was one of the founding members of the Romanian Academy.", "Q512611": "Timothy Dorcen Langbene \"Tim\" Ferguson (born 16 November 1963) is an Australian comedian, film director, screenwriter, author and screenwriting teacher.", "Q281544": "Noah Cornelius Marmaduke Huntley (born 7 September 1974) is an English actor and model. He has appeared in films such as 28 Days Later (2002), The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005), Snow White and the Huntsman (2012) and Dracula Untold (2014).", "Q170505": "Pope Boniface IV (Latin: Bonifatius IV; died 8 May 615) was the bishop of Rome from 25 September 608 to his death. Boniface had served as a deacon under Pope Gregory I, and like his mentor, he ran the Lateran Palace as a monastery. As pope, he encouraged monasticism. With imperial permission, he converted the Pantheon into a church. In 610, he conferred with Bishop Mellitus of London regarding the needs of the English Church. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church with a universal feast day on 8 May.", "Q1777220": "Finn Lied (12 April 1916 \u2013 10 October 2014) was a Norwegian military researcher and politician for the Labour Party. He was particularly known for work on the establishment of the Norwegian state oil company Statoil. His effort to ensure that a large part of the revenues from the oil industry that explored the petroleum deposits under the Norwegian continental shelf was taxed by the Norwegian state was of great importance.", "Q1452756": "Frederik Sioen (born 14 July 1979), known mononymously as Sioen, is a Belgian singer and songwriter.\n\n", "Q1221": "Idaho ( (listen)) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It borders the state of Montana to the east and northeast, Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington and Oregon to the west. To the north, it shares a small portion of the Canadian border with the province of British Columbia. With a population of approximately 1.7 million and an area of 83,569 square miles (216,440 km2), Idaho is the 14th largest, the 12th least populous and the 7th least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states. The state's capital and largest city is Boise.\nIdaho prior to European settlement was inhabited by Native American peoples, some of whom still live in the area. In the early 19th century, Idaho was considered part of the Oregon Country, an area disputed between the U.S. and the United Kingdom. It officially became U.S. territory with the signing of the Oregon Treaty of 1846, but a separate Idaho Territory was not organized until 1863, instead being included for periods in Oregon Territory and Washington Territory. Idaho was eventually admitted to the Union on July 3, 1890, becoming the 43rd state.\nForming part of the Pacific Northwest (and the associated Cascadia bioregion), Idaho is divided into several distinct geographic and climatic regions. The state's north, the relatively isolated Idaho Panhandle, is closely linked with Eastern Washington with which it shares the Pacific Time Zone\u2014the rest of the state uses the Mountain Time Zone. The state's south includes the Snake River Plain (which has most of the population and agricultural land). The state's south-east incorporates part of the Great Basin. Idaho is quite mountainous, and contains several stretches of the Rocky Mountains. The United States Forest Service holds about 38% of Idaho's land, the highest proportion of any state.Industries significant for the state economy include manufacturing, agriculture, mining, forestry, and tourism. A number of science and technology firms are either headquartered in Idaho or have factories there, and the state also contains the Idaho National Laboratory, which is the country's largest Department of Energy facility. Idaho's agricultural sector supplies many products, but the state is best known for its potato crop, which comprises around one-third of the nationwide yield. The official state nickname is the \"Gem State\", which references Idaho's natural beauty.", "Q45236": "Shaaban bin Robert, also known as Shaaban Robert (1 January 1909 \u2013 20 June 1962), was a Tanzanian poet, author, and essayist who supported the preservation of Tanzanian verse traditions. Robert is celebrated as one of the greatest Tanzanian Swahili thinkers, intellectuals and writers in East Africa and has been called \"poet laureate of Swahili\" and is also known as the \"Father of Swahili.\" He is also honoured as the national poet.\n\n", "Q1323486": "Keita Tachibana (\u6a58 \u6176\u592a, Tachibana Keita) (born on 16 December 1985), also known monomously as Keita (stylized KEITA), is a Japanese singer and actor. Since 2000, he rose to fame as the lead vocalist from the boy band W-inds. During that time, he launched a solo career, and in 2012, has revitalized it again under a reinvented image.\nIn addition to music, Tachibana also launched an acting career and has appeared in television dramas such as Ohitorisama and Mattsugu.", "Q53454": "John III Sobieski (Polish: Jan III Sobieski; Lithuanian: Jonas III Sobieskis; Latin: Ioannes III Sobiscius; 17 August 1629 \u2013 17 June 1696) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death.\nBorn into Polish nobility, Sobieski was educated at the Jagiellonian University and toured western Europe in his youth. As a soldier and later commander, he fought in the Khmelnytsky Uprising, the Russo-Polish War and during the Swedish invasion known as the Deluge. Sobieski demonstrated his military prowess during the war against the Ottoman Empire and established himself as a leading figure in Poland and Lithuania. In 1674, he was elected monarch of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth.\nSobieski's 22-year reign marked a period of the Commonwealth's stabilization, much needed after the turmoil of previous conflicts. Popular among his subjects, he was an able military leader, most famous for his victory over the Turks at the 1683 Battle of Vienna. After his victories over them, the Ottomans called him the \"Lion of Lechistan\"; and the Pope hailed him as the savior of Christendom. Suffering from poor health and obesity in later life, Sobieski died in 1696 and was buried at Wawel Cathedral in Krak\u00f3w. He was succeeded by Augustus II.", "Q87163": "Rudolf Hans Bartsch (born 11 February 1873 in Graz, Styria \u2013 died 7 February 1952 in St. Peter in Graz), was an Austrian military officer, and writer. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature six times.", "Q725011": "Neoclassical metal is a subgenre of heavy metal that is heavily influenced by classical music and usually features very technical playing, consisting of elements borrowed from both classical and speed metal music. Deep Purple's Ritchie Blackmore pioneered the subgenre by merging classical melodies and blues rock. Later, Yngwie Malmsteen became one of the most notable musicians in the subgenre, and contributed greatly to the development of the style in the 1980s. Other notable players in the genre are Randy Rhoads, John Petrucci, Jason Becker, Tony MacAlpine, Vinnie Moore, Uli Jon Roth, St\u00e9phan Fort\u00e9, Wolf Hoffmann, Timo Tolkki, and Marty Friedman.", "Q73784": "Hans (Joachim) Dominik (15 November 1872 in Zwickau \u2013 9 December 1945 in Berlin) was a German science fiction and non-fiction author, science journalist and engineer (electrical and mechanical).\n\n", "Q88250": "Ludwig Laistner (3 November 1845 \u2013 22 March 1896) was a German novelist, mythologist, and literary historian.\nHe was born in Esslingen am Neckar. He studied theology in T\u00fcbingen from 1863 to 1867 and was a pastor for two years before heart trouble obliged him to resign. He took instead a position as a private tutor in Munich, where he joined Die Krokodile and worked with Paul Heyse on the Neuen deutschen Novellenschatz, a compilation of short stories. From 1880 he devoted himself entirely to literature, eventually becoming the literary advisor of the Cotta publishing house.\nHe wrote historical novels and poems, and Das R\u00e4tsel der Sphinx (1889), a book on mythology from an Idealist perspective which argued that dreams and nightmares were the ultimate source of many famous myths. The book was highly praised by Rudolf Steiner and was a direct predecessor of psychoanalytic interpretation. He was a translator of medieval student songs such as those of the Carmina Burana, and wrote book reviews for Allgemeine Zeitung. His last efforts (1893\u201396) were on a new edition of the works of Goethe. He died in Stuttgart.", "Q65858": "Turbenthal is a municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q3518754": "Terri Windling (born December 3, 1958 in Fort Dix, New Jersey) is an American editor, artist, essayist, and the author of books for both children and adults. She has won nine World Fantasy Awards, the Mythopoeic Fantasy Award, and the Bram Stoker Award, and her collection The Armless Maiden appeared on the short-list for the James Tiptree, Jr. Award. In 2010 Windling received the SFWA Solstice Award, which honors \"individuals with a significant impact on the speculative fiction field\". Her work has been translated into French, German, Spanish, Italian, Czech, Lithuanian, Turkish, Russian, Japanese, and Korean.\nIn the American publishing field, Windling has been one of the primary creative forces behind the mythic fiction resurgence that began in the early 1980s, through her work as an innovative editor for the Ace and Tor Books fantasy lines and as the editor of more than thirty anthologies of magical fiction. She created the Fairy Tale Series of novels that reinterpret classic fairy tales (below). She is also recognized as one of the founders of urban fantasy, having published and promoted the first novels of Charles de Lint, Emma Bull, and other pioneers of the genre.With Ellen Datlow, Windling edited 16 volumes of Year's Best Fantasy and Horror (1986\u20132003), an anthology that reached beyond the boundaries of genre fantasy to incorporate magic realism, surrealism, poetry, and other forms of magical literature. Datlow and Windling also edited the Snow White, Blood Red series of literary fairy tales for adult readers, as well as many anthologies of myth & fairy tale inspired fiction for younger readers, such as The Green Man, The Faery Reel, and The Wolf at the Door. Windling also created and edited the Borderland series for teenage readers, and The Armless Maiden, a fiction collection for adult survivors of child abuse like herself.As an author, Windling's fiction includes The Wood Wife (winner of the Mythopoeic Award for Novel of the Year) and several children's books: The Raven Queen, The Changeling, A Midsummer Night's Faery Tale, The Winter Child, and The Faeries of Spring Cottage. Her essays on myth, folklore, magical literature and art have been widely published in newsstand magazines, academic journals, art books, and anthologies. She was a contributor to The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales, edited by Jack Zipes.\nAs an artist, Windling specializes in work inspired by myth, folklore, and fairy tales. Her art has been exhibited across the US, as well as in the UK and France.\nWindling is the founder of the Endicott Studio, an organization dedicated to myth-inspired arts, and was the co-editor with Midori Snyder of The Journal of Mythic Arts from 1987 until it ceased publication in 2008. She also sits on the board of the Mythic Imagination Institute. Windling married Howard Gayton, the British dramatist and co-founder of the influential Commedia dell'arte troupe, the Ophaboom Theatre Company, in September 2008, and lives in Devon, England.In May 2016, Windling gave the fourth annual Tolkien Lecture at Pembroke College, Oxford, speaking on the topic of fantasy literature in the post-Tolkien era.", "Q98725": "Clemens Bollen (born 12 February 1948 in Langholt, Leer) is a German politician and member of the SPD.", "Q456047": "Domhnall Gleeson (; born 12 May 1983) is an Irish actor. He has also worked as a voice actor, screenwriter and short film director. He is the son of actor Brendan Gleeson, alongside whom he has appeared in a number of films and theatre projects. He received a Bachelor of Arts in Media Arts from Dublin Institute of Technology.\nDuring the early stages of his career, Gleeson directed and wrote several short films, garnered a Tony Award nomination in 2006 for his role in the Broadway production The Lieutenant of Inishmore, and had a supporting role in Never Let Me Go. He became known to a wider audience for his portrayal of Bill Weasley in the Harry Potter film series (2001\u20132011), along with his father Brendan Gleeson, who played Alastor Moody; Konstantin Levin in Anna Karenina (2012); Tim Lake in About Time (2013); and Russell Allen Phillips in the fact-based war drama Unbroken (2014). Gleeson has won three IFTA Awards for his performances in When Harvey Met Bob (2010), Anna Karenina (2012), and Frank (2014).\nIn 2015, Gleeson received widespread recognition and praise for his performances in several Academy Award-nominated films: Caleb Smith in Ex Machina, Jim Farrell in Brooklyn, and Captain Andrew Henry in The Revenant. In 2017, he appeared in Mother! alongside his brother Brian Gleeson, co-starred in American Made, portrayed A. A. Milne in Goodbye Christopher Robin. In 2018, he starred in a live-action adaptation of Peter Rabbit. From 2015 to 2019, Gleeson appeared as General Armitage Hux in the Star Wars sequel trilogy.", "Q253364": "Helen Amelia Thomas (August 4, 1920 \u2013 July 20, 2013) was an American reporter and author best known for her longtime membership in the White House press corps. She covered the White House during the administrations of ten U.S. presidents\u2014from the start of the Kennedy administration to the second year of the Obama administration. She is best known as the \u201cdean of Washington D.C.\u201d and popular for coining the phrase, \u201cThank you, Mr. President\u201d.\nThomas worked for the United Press and post-1958 successor United Press International (UPI) for 57 years, first as a correspondent, and later as White House bureau manager. She then served as a columnist for Hearst Newspapers from 2000 to 2010, writing on national affairs and the White House. Thomas was the first female officer of the National Press Club, the first female member and president of the White House Correspondents' Association and the first female member of the Gridiron Club. She wrote six books; her last, with co-author Craig Crawford, was Listen Up, Mr. President: Everything You Always Wanted Your President to Know and Do (2009).\nThomas retired from Hearst Newspapers on June 7, 2010, following controversial comments she made about Jews, Israel, the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict, and her claims that \"Congress, the White House, Hollywood and Wall Street are owned by Zionists\", that led to numerous allegations of antisemitism. She then served as an opinion columnist for the Falls Church News-Press until February 2012.", "Q298773": "Mariano Jos\u00e9 de Larra (24 March 1809 \u2013 13 February 1837) was a Spanish romantic writer and journalist best known for his numerous essays and his infamous suicide. His works were often satirical and critical of the 19th-century Spanish society, and focused on both the politics and customs of his time.\nLarra lived long enough to prove himself a great prose-writer during the 19th century. He wrote at great speed with the constant fear of censor before his eyes, although no sign of haste is discernible in his work. His political instinct, his abundance of ideas and his forcible, mordant style would possibly have given him one of the foremost positions in Spain. In 1901, members of the Generation of '98 including Miguel de Unamuno and P\u00edo Baroja brought flowers to his grave in homage to his thought and influence.", "Q170263": "Chester is a walled city in Cheshire, England, on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales. With a population of 79,645 in 2011, it is the most populous settlement of Cheshire West and Chester, which had a population of 329,608 in 2011, and serves as the unitary authority's administrative headquarters. Chester is the second-largest settlement in Cheshire after Warrington.\nChester was founded as a \"castrum\" or Roman fort with the name Deva Victrix in the reign of the Emperor Vespasian in 79 AD. One of the main army camps in Roman Britain, Deva later became a major civilian settlement. In 689, King \u00c6thelred of Mercia founded the Minster Church of West Mercia, which later became Chester's first cathedral, and the Saxons extended and strengthened the walls to protect the city against the Danes. Chester was one of the last cities in England to fall to the Normans. William the Conqueror ordered the construction of a castle, to dominate the town and the nearby Welsh border. Chester was granted city status in 1541.\nChester is one of the best-preserved walled cities in Britain. It has a number of medieval buildings, but many of the black-and-white buildings within the city centre are Victorian restorations, originating from the Black-and-white Revival movement. Apart from a 100-metre (330 ft) section, the Grade I listed walls are almost complete. The Industrial Revolution brought railways, canals, and new roads to the city, which saw substantial expansion and development \u2013 Chester Town Hall and the Grosvenor Museum are examples of Victorian architecture from this period. Tourism, the retail industry, public administration and financial services are important to the modern economy.", "Q1547": "Lyon\u2013Saint Exup\u00e9ry Airport (French: A\u00e9roport de Lyon-Saint Exup\u00e9ry), formerly known as Lyon Satolas Airport (IATA: LYS, ICAO: LFLL), is the international airport of Lyon, the third-biggest city in France and an important transport facility for the entire Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes region. It lies in Colombier-Saugnieu, 11 nautical miles (20 km; 13 mi) southeast of Lyon's city centre. The airport is directly linked to Lyon-Part-Dieu Business District thanks to the Rh\u00f4nexpress shuttle's 30-minute ride.", "Q55743": "Jacek Jan Kuro\u0144 (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8jat\u0361s\u025bk \u02c8jan \u02c8kur\u0254\u0272]; 3 March 1934 \u2013 17 June 2004) was one of the democratic leaders of opposition in the People's Republic of Poland. He was widely known as the \"godfather of the Polish opposition,\" not unlike V\u00e1clav Havel in Czechoslovakia. Kuro\u0144 was a prominent Polish social and political figure largely responsible for theorizing the movement that broke the back of communism, an ideology he initially tried to reform. As an educator and historian, he first postulated the concept of a de-centered movement that would question the totalitarian system and its personality cult. Kuro\u0144 started out as an activist of the Polish Scouting Association trying to educate young people that would take charge of the future; he later co-founded with Antoni Macierewicz the Workers' Defence Committee or KOR, a major dissident organization that was superseded by Solidarity in August 1980. After the changes in independent Poland, he ran for president supported by the likes of Jan Karski and served twice as Minister of Labour and Social Policy. Kuro\u0144 was the father of chef Maciej Kuro\u0144.", "Q445985": "Emmanuelle Ha\u00efm (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u025bman\u0265\u025bl aim]; born 11 May 1962) is a French harpsichordist and conductor with a particular interest in early music and Baroque music.", "Q132050": "A governor is, in most cases, a public official with the power to govern the executive branch of a non-sovereign or sub-national level of government, ranking under the head of state. In federations, governor may be the title of a politician who governs a constituent state and may be either appointed or elected. The power of the individual governor can vary dramatically between political systems, with some governors having only nominal or largely ceremonial power, with others having complete control over the entire government.\nHistorically, the title can also apply to the executive officials acting as representatives of a chartered company which has been granted exercise of sovereignty in a colonial area, such as the British East India Company or the Dutch East India Company. These companies operate as a major state within a state with its own armed forces.\nThere can also be non-political governors: high-ranking officials in private or similar governance such as commercial and non-profit management, styled governor(s), who simply govern an institution, such as a corporation or a bank. For example, in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries, there are prison governors (\"wardens\" in the United States), school governors and bank governors.\nThe adjective pertaining to a governor is gubernatorial, from the Latin root gubernare. The historical female form is governess, though female officials are referred to by the gender-neutral form governor (without the gender specific suffix) of the noun to avoid confusion with other meanings of the term.", "Q313032": "Jonathan Frederick Togo (born August 25, 1977) is an American actor, best known for his role in CSI: Miami as Ryan Wolfe.", "Q5721": "Henri Philippe Benoni Omer P\u00e9tain (24 April 1856 \u2013 23 July 1951), generally known as Philippe P\u00e9tain (, French: [filip pet\u025b\u0303]) or Marshal P\u00e9tain (Mar\u00e9chal P\u00e9tain) was a French general officer who attained the position of Marshal of France at the end of World War I, during which he became known as Le Lion de Verdun (The Lion of Verdun). In collaboration with Nazi Germany, he then served as the Chief of State of Vichy France from 1940 to 1944. P\u00e9tain, who was 84 years old in 1940, ranks as France's oldest head of state.\nDuring World War I, P\u00e9tain led the French Army to victory at the nine-month-long Battle of Verdun. After the failed Nivelle Offensive and subsequent mutinies he was appointed Commander-in-Chief and succeeded in repairing the army's confidence. P\u00e9tain remained in command throughout the war and emerged as a national hero. During the interwar period he was head of the peacetime French Army, commanded joint Franco-Spanish operations during the Rif War and served twice as a government Minister. During this time he was known as Le Vieux Mar\u00e9chal (The Old Marshal).\nWith the imminent Fall of France in June 1940 in World War II, P\u00e9tain was appointed President of the Ministerial Council by President Lebrun at Bordeaux, and the Cabinet resolved to sign an armistice agreement with Germany. The entire government subsequently moved briefly to Clermont-Ferrand, then to the spa town of Vichy in central France. His government voted to transform the discredited French Third Republic into the French State, an authoritarian regime that collaborated with the Axis. After Germany and Italy occupied and disarmed France in November 1942, P\u00e9tain became a mere puppet of the German military administration.\nAfter the war, P\u00e9tain was tried and convicted for treason. He was originally sentenced to death, but due to his age and World War I service his sentence was commuted to life in prison. He died in 1951.", "Q112380": "Andrea Fraunschiel (8 May 1955 \u2013 4 August 2019) was an Austrian politician who was a member of the Federal Council of Austria, member of the Landtag of Burgenland, and mayor of Eisenstadt.", "Q295257": "Jacques Daniel Michel Piccoli (born 27 December 1925) is a French actor, producer and film director. He has one of the longest careers in French cinema, and is regarded worldwide as a symbol of France's film history, more specifically of the 1960s and 70s.", "Q506102": "Andr\u00e9 Aciman (; born 2 January 1951) is an Egyptian-Italian-American writer. Born and raised in Alexandria, Egypt, he is currently distinguished professor at the Graduate Center of City University of New York, where he teaches the history of literary theory and the works of Marcel Proust. Aciman previously taught creative writing at New York University and French literature at Princeton and Bard College.In 2009, he was Visiting Distinguished Writer at Wesleyan University.He is the author of several novels, including Call Me by Your Name (winner, in the Gay Fiction category, of the 2007 Lambda Literary Award and made into a film) and a 1995 memoir, Out of Egypt, which won a Whiting Award. Although best known for Call Me by Your Name, Aciman stated in an interview in 2019 his best book to be the novel Eight White Nights.", "Q464793": "Anders Bratholm (7 January 1920 \u2013 8 July 2010) was a Norwegian professor and legal scholar.", "Q102193": "Jan Seyffarth (born 12 July 1986 in Querfurt, Bezirk Halle) is a German racing driver. He has competed in such series as the FIA GT3 European Championship, Rolex Sports Car Series and Porsche Supercup.", "Q51525": "Jan Tom\u00e1\u0161 \"Milo\u0161\" Forman (; Czech: [\u02c8m\u026alo\u0283 \u02c8forman]; 18 February 1932 \u2013 13 April 2018) was a Czech-American film director, screenwriter, actor, and professor who rose to fame in his native Czechoslovakia before emigrating to the United States in 1968. \nForman was an important figure in the Czechoslovak New Wave. Film scholars and Czechoslovakian authorities saw his 1967 film The Firemen's Ball as a biting satire on Eastern European Communism, and it was banned for many years in his home country. He left Czechoslovakia for the United States, and his films One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) and Amadeus (1984) acquired particular renown and for both films he won the Academy Award for Best Director. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest was the second film to win all five major Academy Awards (Best Picture, Actor in Leading Role, Actress in Leading Role, Director, and Screenplay). \nForman also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Director for The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996). He also won Golden Globe, Cannes, Berlinale, BAFTA, Cesar, David di Donatello, European Film Academy, and Czech Lion awards.\n\n", "Q352708": "Eric Bogosian (born April 24, 1953) is an American actor, playwright, monologuist, novelist, and historian. Descended from Armenian American immigrants, he grew up in Watertown and Woburn, Massachusetts, and attended University of Chicago and Oberlin College. His numerous plays include subUrbia (1994) and the Pulitzer-nominated Talk Radio (1987), both of which were adapted to film.\nBogosian has appeared in a variety of plays, films, and television series throughout his career. His television roles include Captain Danny Ross in Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2006\u201310), Lawrence Boyd on Billions (2017\u20132018), and Gil Eavis on Succession (since 2018). He has also been involved in New York City ballet production, and has written several novels as well as the historical nonfiction Operation Nemesis (2015).", "Q433813": "Nikolaos Galis (n\u00e9 Georgalis) (Greek: \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2; born July 23, 1957), commonly known as either Nikos Galis (Greek: \u039d\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2), or Nick Galis, is a retired Greek professional basketball player. He was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players in 1991, is an inaugural member of the FIBA Hall of Fame and was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors in 2008. \nGalis is widely regarded as one of Europe's greatest scorers to ever play the game, as well as one of the all-time greatest players in FIBA international basketball history. In 2017, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.Galis played the point guard position during his college basketball years at Seton Hall University, but turned into a shooting guard as a professional. He spent most of his career in Aris, before having a late stint with Panathinaikos. He is the EuroLeague's all-time leader in points per game (counting both FIBA Europe and Euroleague Basketball Company era games 1958 season\u2013present), leading the competition in scoring eight times. In the premier European club scene, he reached the EuroLeague Final Four on four occasions, three consecutive times with Aris (1988, 1989, and 1990), and another one with Panathinaikos (1994). An eight-time Greek league champion, Galis is the Greek Championship's unofficial all-time leading scorer, in both career points scored and career scoring average, counting all league formats (since the 1963\u201364 season, official stats are recognized since the 1992\u201393 season).\nGalis led the senior Greek national team to a EuroBasket gold medal in 1987, as well as to a EuroBasket silver medal in 1989, earning the tournament MVP honor in 1987, and being elected to the All-EuroBasket Team four times. Among his myriad accomplishments, he holds the EuroBasket record for highest career scoring average (31.2 points per game), and was the leading scorer of four EuroBasket tournaments in 1983, 1987, 1989, and 1991. In addition to that, he holds the FIBA World Championship/Cup record for highest career scoring average (33.5 points per game), as well as for most points ever scored in a single tournament, which he set at the 1986 FIBA World Championship. Following the stunning success of the EuroBasket title in 1987, he won the Mr. Europa Player of the Year and the Euroscar awards the same year.\nNicknamed \"Iron Man\", \"Nick The Greek\", and \"The Gangster\", Galis is highly revered in Greece, where he is considered by many to be the greatest national athlete the country has ever seen. His years at Aris lifted Greek basketball from relative obscurity, to global power status, with Galis being the figure that eventually inspired thousands of Greeks to take up the game.", "Q1755081": "Joe Crabtree is a British drummer. He is a current member of Wishbone Ash and is also known for his work with Pendragon and the David Cross Band.\n\n", "Q93670": "Ta Ra Rum Pum is a 2007 Indian sports-drama film. The film stars Saif Ali Khan, Rani Mukerji, Angelina Idani, Ali Haji and Javed Jaffrey. This is the second time the lead pair worked together after the success of their last film, Hum Tum (2004). It was directed by Siddharth Anand, who directed 2005's Salaam Namaste (Also starring Khan), and also wrote Hum Tum. The film was a hit at the box office in India and was one of the highest-grossing films of 2007. Ta Ra Rum Pum marks the final commercial success in a romance film of Rani Mukerji, who was the highest-paid actress in Bollywood during the 2000s. It is inspired by Days of Thunder (1990), while film critic Rajeev Masand says that \"the plot\u2019s been borrowed generously from such films as Cinderella Man, In America and Life Is Beautiful.\"\n\n", "Q67097": "Unterseen is a historic town and a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nUnterseen literally means Lower Lake, which is correct, since Unterseen is located on the flat area on the eastern shore of Lake Thun between the two creek Lombach below the Chienberg to the north and the Aare to the south, which both flow into Lake Thun. The historic town however is mainly found at the northern bank of the Aare, which flows here from Lake Brienz to Lake Thun (therefore lower lake). Just across the Aare is the town of Interlaken. Both municipalities are located on the flat alluvial land among steep mountains, which is also called the B\u00f6deli.\nUnterseen belongs to the Small Agglomeration Interlaken with 23,300 inhabitants (2014).Along with Interlaken, Unterseen is an important tourist center in the Bernese Highlands, and from the town one can see the mountains Eiger, M\u00f6nch and Jungfrau.", "Q48074": "Filipp Ivanovich Golikov (Russian: \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043f\u043f \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432; July 30, 1900 \u2013 July 29, 1980) was a Soviet military commander. As chief of the GRU, he is best known for not taking seriously the abundant intelligence about Nazi Germany's plans for an invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, either because he did not believe them or because Joseph Stalin made it very clear he did not want to hear them. He was promoted to the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1961.", "Q172474": "Ricardo Londo\u00f1o-Bridge (8 August 1949 \u2013 18 July 2009) was a racing driver from Colombia. He had an unremarkable international career apart from his one attempt at Formula One in the 1981 Brazilian Grand Prix with Ensign. Londo\u00f1o was the first racing driver from Colombia to participate in a Formula One race weekend.\nBorn in Medell\u00edn, he raced in stock car and motorcycle speed championships until the 1970s and claimed many victories. Londo\u00f1o left for the United States in 1979 and took part in IMSA GT Championship races. The following year, he placed seventh overall in the 24 Hours of Daytona and twelfth in the Can-Am standings. Londo\u00f1o received support from coffee growing and drug trafficking and this enabled him to compete in the season-closing British Formula One Championship at Silverstone where he finished seventh. Despite his inexperience, he was selected by Ensign to compete in the 1981 Brazilian Grand Prix mainly for financial purposes. Londo\u00f1o took part in the Grand Prix's acclimatisation session and recorded fast lap times before hitting Keke Rosberg and was thus not granted a super licence by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale du Sport Automobile. He was therefore dismissed from the Ensign team.\nLondo\u00f1o's illegal support enabled him to race in three Formula Two events in 1981 with the Docking-Spitzey Team-Toleman and took a best result of ninth at the Pau Grand Prix. Despite the arrest of several of his sponsors which prevented him from participating in the 1982 Can-Am season, he continued to drive in the IMSA GT Championship until 1986 when he withdrew from motor racing. Londo\u00f1o subsequently returned to Colombia and carried out illegal activities related to drug trafficking. A majority of his property was seized by the Colombian courts in December 2000 and he was murdered nine years later.", "Q76": "Barack Hussein Obama II ( (listen); born August 4, 1961) is an American politician and attorney who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African-American president of the United States. He previously served as a U.S. senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008 and an Illinois state senator from 1997 to 2004.\nObama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. After graduating from Columbia University in 1983, he worked as a community organizer in Chicago. In 1988, he enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the first black person to head the Harvard Law Review. After graduating, he became a civil rights attorney and an academic, teaching constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. Turning to elective politics, he represented the 13th district from 1997 until 2004 in the Illinois Senate, when he ran for the U.S. Senate. Obama received national attention in 2004 with his March Senate-primary win, his well-received July Democratic National Convention keynote address, and his landslide November election to the Senate. In 2008, he was nominated for president a year after his presidential campaign began, and after close primary campaigns against Hillary Clinton. Obama was elected over Republican John McCain and was inaugurated alongside Joe Biden on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, he was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate.\nObama signed many landmark bills into law during his first two years in office. The main reforms that were passed include the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (commonly referred to as the \"Affordable Care Act\" or \"Obamacare\"), the Dodd\u2013Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 served as economic stimulus amidst the Great Recession. After a lengthy debate over the national debt limit, he signed the Budget Control and the American Taxpayer Relief Acts. In foreign policy, he increased U.S. troop levels in Afghanistan, reduced nuclear weapons with the United States\u2013Russia New START treaty, and ended military involvement in the Iraq War. He ordered military involvement in Libya, contributing to the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi. He also ordered the military operations that resulted in the deaths of Osama bin Laden and suspected Yemeni Al-Qaeda operative Anwar al-Awlaki.\nAfter winning re-election by defeating Republican opponent Mitt Romney, Obama was sworn in for a second term in 2013. During this term, he promoted inclusion for LGBT Americans. His administration filed briefs that urged the Supreme Court to strike down same-sex marriage bans as unconstitutional (United States v. Windsor and Obergefell v. Hodges); same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide in 2015 after the Court ruled so in Obergefell. He advocated for gun control in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, indicating support for a ban on assault weapons, and issued wide-ranging executive actions concerning global warming and immigration. In foreign policy, he ordered military intervention in Iraq in response to gains made by ISIL after the 2011 withdrawal from Iraq, continued the process of ending U.S. combat operations in Afghanistan in 2016, promoted discussions that led to the 2015 Paris Agreement on global climate change, initiated sanctions against Russia following the invasion in Ukraine and again after Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, brokered a nuclear deal with Iran, and normalized U.S. relations with Cuba. Obama nominated three justices to the Supreme Court: Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan were confirmed as justices, while Merrick Garland faced partisan obstruction and was not confirmed. During his term in office, America's reputation abroad significantly improved.Obama's presidency has generally been regarded favorably, and evaluations of his presidency among historians, political scientists, and the general public place him among the upper tier of American presidents. Obama left office in January 2017 but continues to reside in Washington, D.C.", "Q196080": "Nicholas Woodeson (born 30 November 1949) is an English film, television and theatre actor, and Drama Desk and Olivier award nominee.", "Q162667": "Glen Travis Campbell (April 22, 1936 \u2013 August 8, 2017) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, television host, and actor. He was best known for a series of hit songs in the 1960s and 1970s, and for hosting The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour on CBS television from 1969 until 1972. He released 64 albums in a career that spanned five decades, selling over 45 million records worldwide, including twelve gold albums, four platinum albums, and one double-platinum album.\nBorn in Billstown, Arkansas, Campbell began his professional career as a studio musician in Los Angeles, spending several years playing with the group of instrumentalists later known as \"The Wrecking Crew\". After becoming a solo artist, he placed a total of 80 different songs on either the Billboard Country Chart, Billboard Hot 100, or Adult Contemporary Chart, of which 29 made the top 10 and of which nine reached number one on at least one of those charts. Among Campbell's hits are \"Universal Soldier\", his first hit from 1965, along with \"Gentle on My Mind\" (1967), \"By the Time I Get to Phoenix\" (1967), \"Dreams of the Everyday Housewife\" (1968), \"Wichita Lineman\" (1968), \"Galveston\" (1969), \"Rhinestone Cowboy\" (1975) and \"Southern Nights\" (1977).In 1967, Campbell won four Grammys in the country and pop categories. For \"Gentle on My Mind\", he received two awards in country and western; \"By the Time I Get to Phoenix\" did the same in pop. Three of his early hits later won Grammy Hall of Fame Awards (2000, 2004, 2008), while Campbell himself won the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2012. He owned trophies for Male Vocalist of the Year from both the Country Music Association (CMA) and the Academy of Country Music (ACM), and took the CMA's top award as 1968 Entertainer of the Year. Campbell played a supporting role in the film True Grit (1969), which earned him a Golden Globe nomination for Most Promising Newcomer. He also sang the title song, which was nominated for an Academy Award.", "Q523382": "Frederick Augustus Aiken (September 20, 1832 \u2013 December 23, 1878) was an American lawyer, journalist and soldier. A veteran of the Civil War, Aiken was called on to serve as one of the defense attorneys for Mary Surratt, who was tried for conspiracy in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln.", "Q215319": "22 Bullets (French: L'Immortel) is a French gangster-action film directed by Richard Berry. It tells a part of the life story of Jacky Imbert, and is based on the novel L'Immortel (2007) by Franz-Olivier Giesbert. Filming began on 23 February 2009 in Marseille, in Avignon in early April 2009, and continued for 8 weeks in Paris.\n\n", "Q887903": "Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar (November 10, 1845 \u2013 August 5, 1909) was a Colombian scholar, poet, journalist, philosopher, orator, philologist, lawyer, and politician.", "Q1163740": "Daniele Gatti (born 6 November 1961) is an Italian conductor. He is currently artistic advisor of the Mahler Chamber Orchestra and music director of the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma.\n\nGatti was born in Milan. He was principal conductor of the Orchestra Dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome from 1992 to 1997. In 1997, he became the music director of the Orchestra del Teatro Comunale di Bologna. He has also served as principal guest conductor of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. In 2005, alongside Zubin Mehta and Christian Thielemann, Gatti was invited to conduct a concert in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the 1955 reopening and renovation of the Vienna State Opera. His debut at the Bayreuth Festival was in Stefan Herheim's production of Parsifal in 2008.\nIn 1994, Gatti made his first guest conducting appearance with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (RPO). He was immediately offered the position of the RPO's principal conductor, and he assumed the post in 1996. Gatti is regarded as having restored the RPO's status on par to the other main London orchestras. During his tenure, in 2004, the RPO acquired its first permanent residency at Cadogan Hall. In April 2007, Gatti was one of eight conductors of British orchestras to endorse the 10-year classical music outreach manifesto, \"Building on Excellence: Orchestras for the 21st Century\", to increase the presence of classical music in the UK, including giving free entry to all British schoolchildren to a classical music concert. In 2009, Gatti stepped down as the RPO's principal conductor and became the orchestra's conductor laureate.Gatti was Music Director of the Orchestre National de France from 2008 to 2016. He was chief conductor of the Zurich Opera from 2009 to 2012. In October 2014, the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (KCO) appointed Gatti as its seventh chief conductor, effective September 2016. His KCO guest-conducting debut had been in April 2004. On 2 August 2018, the KCO terminated his appointment with immediate effect, citing accusations of \"inappropriate behavior\", and that \"a number of female colleagues of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra reported experiences with Gatti, which are inappropriate considering his position as chief conductor.\" This followed after a report in The Washington Post was published citing two women who accused Gatti of sexual misconduct.In May 2016, Gatti was appointed Artistic Advisor of the Mahler Chamber Orchestra. He has been teaching at the Accademia Musicale Chigiana since 2016. Gatti first guest-conducted with the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma during the 2016-2017 season. He returned for subsequent guest engagements in each of the following two seasons. In December 2018, the company announced the appointment of Gatti as its new music director, with immediate effect. The New York Times discussed Gatti (and also Charles Dutoit) as a conductor making a comeback despite credible charges of sexual misconduct.\n\n", "Q265826": "Lindsey Johnson McKeon (born March 11, 1982) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Marah Lewis on Guiding Light and Taylor James on One Tree Hill. She previously starred on Saved by the Bell: The New Class as Katie Peterson from 1996\u20132000.", "Q90351": "Konrad Hubert, also Konrad Huber, Konrad Huober, or Konrad Humbert (13 April 1507 \u2013 13 April 1577), was a German Reformed theologian, hymn writer and reformer. He was for 18 years the assistant of Martin Bucer at St. Thomas, Strasbourg.", "Q212476": "Pierre Ambroise Fran\u00e7ois Choderlos de Laclos (French: [pj\u025b\u0281 \u0251\u0303b\u0281waz f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa \u0283\u0254d\u025b\u0281lo d\u0259 laklo]; 18 October 1741 \u2013 5 September 1803) was a French novelist, official, freemason and army general, best known for writing the epistolary novel Les Liaisons dangereuses (Dangerous Liaisons) (1782).\nA unique case in French literature, he was for a long time considered to be as scandalous a writer as the Marquis de Sade or Nicolas-Edme R\u00e9tif. He was a military officer with no illusions about human relations, and an amateur writer; however, his initial plan was to \"write a work which departed from the ordinary, which made a noise, and which would remain on earth after his death\"; from this point of view he mostly attained his goals with the fame of his masterwork Les Liaisons dangereuses.\nIt is one of the masterpieces of novelistic literature of the 18th century, which explores the amorous intrigues of the aristocracy. It has inspired many critical and analytic commentaries, plays and films.", "Q4089235": "Vladimir Leonidovich Bogdanov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432; born 28 May 1951) is a Russian businessman and oil tycoon.\n\n", "Q1974330": "Yunus \u00d6zyavuz (born 17 August 1978), better known by his stage name Sagopa Kajmer, is a Turkish rap musician, songwriter, record producer and DJ. He was born in 1978 in Samsun, and finished his primary and high school there. He then started working as a DJ in one of Samsun's local radios. In order to continue his education, he moved to Istanbul and studied Persian language and literature at Istanbul University. In 1999, he found the rap group Kuvvetmira and started his career with the stage name \"Silahs\u0131z Kuvvet\". Together they released the album Yeralt\u0131 Operasyonu. He later changed his stage name to Sagopa Kajmer and released an album with the same name Sagopa Kajmer in 2002. Following the release of this album, he released Bir Pesimistin G\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 in 2004. He later made the music for the movie G.O.R.A.. He released another studio album Romantizma in 2005 and on 11 August 2005 found his own production company Melankolia M\u00fczik. In 2006, he released the compilation album Kafile under the label Melankolia M\u00fczik. On 1 August 2006, he married fellow rapper Kolera (Esen G\u00fcler). In 2007, they released their first mutual album \u0130kimizi Anlatan Bir \u015eey. He released two more solo albums, K\u00f6t\u00fc \u0130nsanlar\u0131 Tan\u0131ma Senesi (2008) and \u015eark\u0131 Koleksiyoncusu (2009), before releasing another mutual album with Kolera, Bendeki Sen, in 2010. Since then, he has released three studio albums: Saydam Odalar (2011), Kalp Hastas\u0131 (2013) and Ahmak Islatan (2017).", "Q429863": "Florida Atlantic University (FAU or Florida Atlantic) is a public university with its main campus in Boca Raton, Florida and satellite campuses in Dania Beach, Davie, Fort Lauderdale, Jupiter, and Fort Pierce. FAU belongs to the 12-campus State University System of Florida and serves South Florida, which has more than five million people and spans more than 100 miles (160 km) of coastline. Florida Atlantic University is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity\". The university offers more than 170 undergraduate and graduate degree programs within its 10 colleges.Florida Atlantic opened in 1964 as the first public university in southeast Florida, offering only upper-division and graduate level courses. Initial enrollment was only 867 students, increasing in 1984 when the university admitted its first lower-division undergraduate students. As of 2018, enrollment has grown to over 30,000 students representing 140 countries, 50 states, and the District of Columbia. Since its inception, Florida Atlantic has awarded more than 110,000 degrees to nearly 153,160 alumni.Since 2004, FAU has undertaken an effort to increase its academic and research standings while also evolving into a more traditional university. The university has raised admissions standards, increased research funding, built new facilities, and established notable partnerships with major research institutions. Changes include an on-campus stadium, additional on-campus housing, and the establishment of a College of Medicine in 2010.", "Q1258008": "Ajs Nigrutin (born Vladan Aksentijevi\u0107, Serbian Cyrillic: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0410\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0458\u0435\u0432\u0438\u045b, on 12 August 1977 in Belgrade, Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Serbian rapper.\nKnown for his nasal baritone vocals, comedic lyrical style and eccentric stage presence, Nigrutin rose to continental prominence as the member of the Belgrade-based recording act Bad Copy. Parallel to his work in Bad Copy, he maintains a successful solo career. His two decade long career proclaimed him commercial acclaim and numerous accolades, including three Serbian Oscars of Popularity, two Melko Awards and an Indexi Award.", "Q468181": "The \"Carl Maria von Weber\" College of Music (Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik \"Carl Maria von Weber\" in German, and also/formerly known as Dresden Conservatory or Dresden Royal Conservatory) is a college of music in Dresden, Germany.", "Q121762": "Otto Kinne (August 30, 1923 \u2013 March 3, 2015) was a German marine biologist. He was director of Germany's Biologische Anstalt Helgoland from 1962 to 1984. Since 1967 he has been a Professor at the University of Kiel. He established the Inter-Research Science Center (IRSC) in 1979 and is its Director, and the International Ecology Institute in 1984, of which he is the President. The IRSC publishes eight international journals of which Kinne is the founder, including Marine Ecology Progress Series and Climate Research. He established the Otto Kinne Foundation in 1992 to provide grants to ecologists in Russia and Eastern Europe.", "Q262191": "Navlata \"Navi\" Rawat (born June 5, 1977) is an American television actress, known for her roles as Theresa Diaz on the drama series The O.C. and math prodigy Amita Ramanujan on the drama series Numb3rs.", "Q704791": "Leonard (\"Leo\") Fran\u00e7ois Gerard Bosschart (24 August 1888 in Kota Radja, Dutch East Indies \u2013 9 May 1951 in Hoboken, Antwerp, Belgium) was a football player from the Netherlands, who captained his home country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium as captain. There he won the bronze medal with the Netherlands national football team.", "Q272382": "Kimya Dawson (born November 17, 1972) is an American folk singer-songwriter, best known as one half of the anti-folk duo The Moldy Peaches. Dawson's work with The Moldy Peaches earned her a cult following and critical acclaim, with their 2001 song \"Anyone Else But You\" landing a spot in multiple acclaimed indie film soundtracks. \"Anyone Else But You\" as performed by Michael Cera and Ellen Page charted on the Billboard Hot 100 after its prominent inclusion in the 2007 film Juno, the soundtrack of which includes several songs by Dawson and her associated musical acts. The song remains Dawson's highest charting single to date. In addition to her work with The Moldy Peaches, Dawson has released seven solo studio albums and collaborated with various other artists from a diverse range of genres, including Aesop Rock, They Might Be Giants, The Mountain Goats, and Third Eye Blind.", "Q939021": "The Colombian Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal Colombiano; PLC) is a social democratic and social liberal political party in Colombia. It was founded as a classical liberal party but later developed a more social-democratic tradition, joining the Socialist International in 1999.The Liberal Party was the dominant force in Colombian politics alongside the Colombian Conservative Party until 2002, when the election victory of independent candidate \u00c1lvaro Uribe put an end to dominance of two party politics in Colombia.Currently, the Liberal Party is the second largest party in Congress, and has formed a coalition pact with the Social Party of National Unity, the governing party in Colombia under the presidency of Juan Manuel Santos since 2010.", "Q100974": "Abb\u00e9 Nicolas Delsor (5 October 1847 \u2013 20 December 1927) was a French priest and politician. He represented Bas Rhin in the German Reichstag before World War I, and then in the French Senate after the war. Although born French, his primary allegiance was to the Catholic church, and he drew criticism for cooperating with the German authorities after Alsace was annexed in 1871.\n\n", "Q160058": "Maurizio Pollini (born January 5, 1942) is an Italian pianist. He is known for performances of compositions by Chopin and Debussy, among others. He has performed works by contemporary composers such as Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen, George Benjamin, Roberto Carnevale, Gianluca Cascioli and Bruno Maderna. Works composed for him include Luigi Nono's ..... sofferte onde serene ..., Giacomo Manzoni's Masse: omaggio a Edgard Var\u00e8se and Salvatore Sciarrino's Fifth Sonata.", "Q7186324": "Nahalat Yitzhak Cemetery (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05df \u05e0\u05d7\u05dc\u05ea \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7) is a Jewish municipal burial ground in Givatayim, Israel. Founded in 1932, it includes more than 30,000 graves, including those of Israeli political and cultural figures, and Rebbes of several Hasidic dynasties. The cemetery contains several tracts of military graves and mass graves of unidentified soldiers from the period of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. It also features memorials to Jewish communities destroyed in the Holocaust.\nThe cemetery is operated by the Chevra Kadisha of Greater Tel Aviv. The National Insurance Institute has declared it a \"closed\" cemetery, although burials occasionally take place here for people who pre-purchased their plots.", "Q860626": "Romantic comedy (also known as romcom or rom-com) is a subgenre of comedy and slice-of-life fiction, focusing on lighthearted, humorous plot lines centered on romantic ideas, such as how true love is able to surmount most obstacles. One dictionary definition is \"a funny movie, play, or television program about a love story that ends happily\". Another definition suggests that its \"primary distinguishing feature is a love plot in which two sympathetic and well-matched lovers are united or reconciled\".Romantic comedy films are a certain genre of comedy films as well as of romance films, and may also have elements of screwball comedies. However, a romantic comedy is classified as a film with two genres, not a single new genre. Some television series can also be classified as romantic comedies.\nIn a typical romantic comedy the two lovers tend to be young, likeable, and seemingly meant for each other, yet they are kept apart by some complicating circumstance (e.g., class differences, parental interference, a previous girlfriend or boyfriend) until, surmounting all obstacles, they are finally reunited. A fairy-tale-style happy ending is a typical feature.", "Q5709": "Satakunta (Swedish: Satakunta) is a region (maakunta / landskap) of Finland, part of the former Western Finland Province. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Pirkanmaa, South Ostrobothnia and Ostrobothnia. The capital city of the region is Pori. The name of the region literally means Hundred. The historical province of the same name was a larger area within Finland, covering modern Satakunta as well as much of Pirkanmaa.", "Q342533": "Damian Watcyn Lewis (born 11 February 1971) is an English actor and producer. He played U.S. Army Major Richard Winters in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers, which earned him a Golden Globe nomination, and also portrayed U.S. Marine Sergeant Nicholas Brody in the Showtime series Homeland (which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award). His performance as King Henry VIII in Wolf Hall earned him his third Primetime Emmy nomination and fourth Golden Globe nomination. He currently plays Bobby Axelrod in the Showtime series Billions (2016\u2013present), and portrayed actor Steve McQueen in Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019) directed by Quentin Tarantino.\n\n", "Q188296": "Boris Vyacheslavovich Gryzlov (also spelled Grizlov; Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0412\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u044b\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432, Russian pronunciation: [b\u0250\u02c8r\u02b2iz \u0261r\u0268\u02c8z\u026bof]; born December 15, 1950), is a Russian politician. He was Interior Minister from 2001 to 2003 and Speaker of the State Duma (the lower house of parliament) from 2003 to 2011. He is one of the leaders of the largest Russian political party, United Russia. Boris Gryzlov is a close ally of President Vladimir Putin.", "Q2066": "Essen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025bsn\u0329] (listen); Latin: Assindia) is the central and second largest city of the Ruhr, the largest urban area in Germany. Its population of 583,109 makes it the ninth largest city of Germany, as well as the fourth largest city of the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. On the Ruhr and Emscher rivers, Essen geographically is part of the Rhineland and the larger Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region. The Ruhrdeutsch regiolect spoken in the region has strong influences of both Low German (Westphalian) and Low Franconian (East Bergish).\nEssen is seat to several of the region's authorities, as well as to eight of the 100 largest publicly held German corporations by revenue, including two DAX corporations. Essen is often considered the energy capital of Germany with E.ON and RWE, Germany's largest energy providers, both headquartered in the city. Essen is also known for its impact on the arts through the respected Folkwang University of the Arts, its Zollverein School of Management and Design, and the Red Dot industrial product design award. In early 2003, the universities of Essen and the nearby city of Duisburg (both established in 1972) were merged into the University of Duisburg-Essen with campuses in both cities and a university hospital in Essen. In 1958, Essen was chosen to serve as the seat to a Roman Catholic diocese (often referred to as Ruhrbistum or diocese of the Ruhr).\nFounded around 845, Essen remained a small town within the sphere of influence of an important ecclesiastical principality (Essen Abbey) until the onset of industrialization. The city then \u2014 especially through the Krupp family iron works \u2014 became one of Germany's most important coal and steel centers. Essen, until the 1970s, attracted workers from all over the country; it was the 5th-largest city in Germany between 1929 and 1988, peaking at over 730,000 inhabitants in 1962. Following the region-wide decline of heavy industries in the last decades of the 20th century, the city has seen the development of a strong tertiary sector of the economy. The most notable witness of this Strukturwandel (structural change) is the Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex, which has once been the largest of its kind in Europe. Ultimately closed in 1993, both the coking plant and the mine have been inscribed in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 2001.\nNotable accomplishments of the city in recent years include the title of European Capital of Culture on behalf of the whole Ruhr area in 2010 and the selection as the European Green Capital for 2017.", "Q727148": "Joaquim Manuel de Macedo (June 24, 1820 \u2013 April 11, 1882) was a Brazilian novelist, doctor, teacher, poet, playwright and journalist, famous for the romance A Moreninha.\nHe is the patron of the 20th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.\n\n", "Q69092": "Detlev Buck (born 1 December 1962 in Bad Segeberg) is a German film director, actor, producer and screenwriter.", "Q241748": "The Kingdom of Serbia (Serbian: \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0459\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430, romanized: Kraljevina Srbija) was a country located in the Balkans which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I was proclaimed king in 1882.\nSince 1817, the Principality was ruled by the Obrenovi\u0107 dynasty (replaced by the Kara\u0111or\u0111evi\u0107 dynasty for a short time). The Principality, suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, de facto achieved full independence when the last Ottoman troops left Belgrade in 1867. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 recognized the formal independence of the Principality of Serbia, and in its composition Ni\u0161ava, Pirot, Toplica and Vranje districts entered the South part of Serbia.\nIn 1882, Serbia was elevated to the status of a kingdom, maintaining a foreign policy friendly to Austria-Hungary. Between 1912 and 1913, Serbia greatly enlarged its territory through engagement in the First and Second Balkan Wars\u2014Sand\u017eak-Ra\u0161ka, Kosovo Vilayet and Vardar Macedonia were annexed. At the end of World War I in 1918 it united with Vojvodina and the Kingdom of Montenegro, and in December 1918 it merged with the newly created State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as Kingdom of Yugoslavia) under the continued rule of the Serbian Kara\u0111or\u0111evi\u0107 dynasty.", "Q364292": "Albert Ir\u00e9n\u00e9e Caquot (1 July 1881 \u2013 28 November 1976) was considered as the \"best living French engineer\" during half a century. He received the \u201cCroix de Guerre 1914\u20131918 (France)\u201d (military honor) and was Grand-croix of the L\u00e9gion d\u2019Honneur (1951). He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences from 1934 till his death. In 1962, he was awarded the Wilhelm Exner Medal.", "Q16646": "The Hoher Kasten is a mountain in the Appenzell Alps, overlooking the Rhine in Eastern Switzerland. It is located on the border between the cantons of Appenzell Innerrhoden and St. Gallen.\nThe summit is easily accessible with a cable car starting at Br\u00fclisau, south of Appenzell. A revolving restaurant, offering panoramic views, has been built on the top.\nAscents to Hoher Kasten and the neighouring summit Kamor were already described in the early 19th century.", "Q595756": "Bryan Donkin FRS FRAS\n(22 March 1768 \u2013 27 February 1855) developed the first paper making machine and created the world's first commercial canning factory. These were the basis for large industries that continue to flourish today. Bryan Donkin was involved with Thomas Telford's Caledonian Canal, Marc andIsambard Brunel's Thames Tunnel, and Charles Babbage's computer. He was an advisor to the government and held in high esteem by his peers.", "Q517027": "Gustave Flourens (4 August 1838 in Paris \u2013 3 April 1871) was a French Revolutionary leader and writer, son of the physiologist Jean Pierre Flourens (who was Professor at the Coll\u00e8ge de France and deputy in 1838-1839). He was also the elder brother of Emile Flourens, who became minister of foreign affairs under the Third Republic.\nAt 25 years of age Flourens undertook in 1863, on behalf of his father, a course of lectures at the Coll\u00e8ge de France, on the subject of the history of humankind. His theories as to the manifold origin of the human race gave offence to the clergy, and he was prevented from delivering further lectures. He then went to Brussels, where he published his lectures under the title of Histoire de l\u2019homme (1863). Gustave Flourens then visited Constantinople and Athens and took part in the Cretan insurrection of 1866-1868; he was one of those chosen for a difficult mission to Athens on behalf of the Cretan Revolutionary Assembly. He attempted to convince influential people, such as Victor Hugo, to support the Cretan insurrection. Gustave Flourens then spent some time in Italy, where an article of his in the Fe polo d'Italia caused his arrest and imprisonment, and finally, having returned to France, nearly lost his life in a duel with Paul de Cassagnac, editor of the Pays.\nIn Paris he devoted his time to the cause of \"red republicanism\", and begin writing articles in the La Marseillaise weekly newspaper. At length, having failed in an attempt to organize a revolution at Belleville on 7 February 1870, was compelled to flee from France. Returning to Paris on the downfall of Napoleon III, placed himself at the head of a body of 500 tirailleurs (sharpshooters). Because of his insurrectionary proceedings (he was one of the organizers of the 31 October 1870 riot against the provisional government's moderate policy) he was taken prisoner at Cr\u00e9teil, near Vincennes, by the provisional government, and confined at Mazas on 7 December 1870, but was released by his men on the night of 21\u201322 January. On 18 March he joined the population's uprising, was elected a member of the revolutionary Commune by the 20th arrondissement, and was named general. Gustave Flourens was one of the most active leaders of the insurrection, and after a sortie against the Versailles troops in the morning of 3 April, he fled into an inn near the bridge that separates Chatou and Rueil. There, after he was captured and disarmed by the Gendarmerie, he was murdered by Captain Jean-Marc D\u00e9maret. Besides his Science de l'homme (Paris, 1869), Flourens was also the author of numerous fugitive pamphlets.", "Q175333": "Joaqu\u00edn Reyes Cano (born 16 August 1974 in Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, Spain) is a Spanish actor, draftsman and comedian.", "Q3611086": "Alfieri Maserati (23 September 1887 \u2013 3 March 1932) was an Italian automotive engineer, known for establishing and leading the Maserati racing car manufacturer with the other Maserati Brothers.Maserati was born in Voghera. In 1903 he and his brother Bindo Maserati started working for Isotta Fraschini in Milan, on their older brother Carlo Maserati's recommendation. He followed Carlo to Bianchi in 1905, with whom he also raced and won in 1909. On Bindo's recommendation, Alfieri and Ettore Maserati went back to Isotta Fraschini on a mission to Argentina in 1912, returning to Italy to found the new Milan-based workshop Societa Anonima Officine Alfieri Maserati in 1914.\nBoth served in World War I and the workshop was run by his brother Ernesto Maserati, who led a large production of spark plugs to the war effort. After the war a larger production plant was set up in Bologna.\nAlfieri won a number of races in the 1920s and he was head mechanic for Diatto from 1922 until 1926, when he joined his brothers and they created the Maserati Tipo 26 based on Diatto chassises he had brought. \nIn 1928 while racing his Type 26 at the 312 km 3rd Coppa Messina on the Circuit of Monti Peloritani, Alfieri lost control in the first lap and the car overturned after hitting a ditch. Alfieri was gravely injured. He had emergency surgery, one of his kidneys being irreparably damaged. In 1932, during a poorly executed surgery on the remaining kidney, Alfieri passed unexpectedly from complications while in the recovery room on the third of March, in Ospedale Maggiore in Bologna.\nHe was commemorated in the \"Maserati Alfieri\" concept car, presented in 2014 for the 100-year anniversary of Maserati.", "Q239195": "Hayley Kiyoko Alcroft (born April 3, 1991) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress of Japanese descent. Beginning dance lessons as a child, Kiyoko's interest in entertaining led to her working as a child model and actress. She appeared in a variety of films including Scooby-Doo! film series (2009\u201310), Lemonade Mouth (2011), Blue Lagoon: The Awakening (2012), Jem and the Holograms (2015), and XOXO (2016). Alongside her film roles, she also held a recurring role in the TV series The Fosters (2014) and a lead role on CSI: Cyber (2015\u201316) and Five Points (2018\u2013).\nKiyoko was a founding member of The Stunners in 2007. The group supported Justin Bieber's My World Tour, before disbanding in 2011. After this, Kiyoko has issued three solo extended plays: A Belle to Remember (2013), This Side of Paradise (2015, which includes the single \"Girls Like Girls\"), and Citrine (2016). \nFollowing the singles \"Sleepover\", \"Feelings\", and \"Curious\" she released her debut studio album Expectations on March 30, 2018. The album reached the top 20 of the charts in United States, Canada and Australia. She has also created a comic book, with the help of Naomi Franquiz and Marla Vazquez, based on her song \"Gravel to Tempo\".\nFollowing the release of Expectations, Hayley released the single \"I Wish\" in July 2019, the first track from her fourth EP, I'm Too Sensitive for This Shit, which was released on January 14, 2020.", "Q719": "Saginaw () is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Saginaw County. The city of Saginaw and Saginaw County are both in the area known as Mid-Michigan. Saginaw is adjacent to Saginaw Charter Township and considered part of the Great Lakes Bay Region, along with neighboring Bay City, Midland and Mount Pleasant. The Saginaw County MSA had a population of 196,542 in 2013. The city is also the largest municipality in the Saginaw, Midland, and Bay City Metropolitan Area.\nSaginaw was a thriving lumber town in the 19th century and an important industrial city and manufacturing center throughout much of the 20th century. During the late 20th century, its industry and strong manufacturing presence declined, leading to increased unemployment, crime, and a population decline. Neighboring communities, such as Saginaw Charter Township, saw subsequent population increases while the city itself is projected to return to normal population growth after the decades-long structural changes to the economy.Economic development is focused on comparative advantages in innovation, clean energy, and continued manufacturing exports. The city continues to have a higher proportion of manufacturing jobs than the US average.", "Q373088": "Jos\u00e9 Luis N\u00fa\u00f1ez Clemente (7 September 1931 \u2013 3 December 2018), often known by the Catalanized form of his name used by the Catalan press, Josep Llu\u00eds N\u00fa\u00f1ez i Clemente, was president of FC Barcelona between 1978 and 2000. He was elected club president, despite having no previous connection with the club. His main objectives were to establish Bar\u00e7a as a world class sports club and to give the club financial stability.N\u00fa\u00f1ez and his wife, Maria Llu\u00efsa Navarro, once owned the N\u00fa\u00f1ez i Navarro construction company and the N\u00fa\u00f1ez i Navarro Hotel chain.", "Q123613": "Fleur Jaeggy (born 31 July 1940) is a Swiss author, who writes in Italian.\nAs of 2019, she has five novels translated into English. The Times Literary Supplement named Proleterka as a Best Book of the Year upon its US publication, and her Sweet Days of Discipline won the Premio Bagutta and the Premio Speciale Rapallo.", "Q135071": "Lord Sidney Beauclerk (27 February 1703 \u2013 23 November 1744) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1733 to 1744. He acquired a reputation as a fortune hunter.", "Q1449438": "Mick Wingert (born July 4, 1974) is an American voice actor and voice-over coach, best known for his role as the voice of Master Po and Zeng in Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness, taking over the roles from actors Jack Black and Dan Fogler, respectively; as well as Iron Man in various Marvel productions. He also does additional voice-over work in Kung Fu Panda, Mass Effect 2, Murdered: Soul Suspect, The Technomancer, The Princess and the Frog, and The NoSleep Podcast. He is not related to fellow voice actor Wally Wingert.", "Q92220": "Daniel M\u00fcller-Schott (born 1976 in Munich) is a German cellist. \nHe studied with Walter Nothas, Austrian cellist Heinrich Schiff and British cellist Steven Isserlis. Violinist Anne-Sophie Mutter personally coached him in her foundation, thanks to which he could later spend one year studying with Mstislav Rostropovich. Aged 15, he aroused enthusiasm by winning the first prize in the International Tchaikovsky Competition for young musicians in Moscow in 1992.\nHe plays a cello by Matteo Goffriller, Venice, 1727.\nHe has worked with world-renowned conductors such as Vladimir Ashkenazy, Charles Dutoit, Christoph Eschenbach, Kurt Masur, Sakari Oramo and Andr\u00e9 Previn. He recorded and released the Mozart Piano Trios in 2006 with Anne-Sophie Mutter and Andr\u00e9 Previn. With Angela Hewitt, he has recorded Beethoven's complete works for cello and piano.", "Q46717": "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl is a 2003 American fantasy swashbuckler film directed by Gore Verbinski and the first film in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series. Produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer, the film is based on Walt Disney's Pirates of the Caribbean attraction at Disney theme parks. The story follows pirate Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp) and blacksmith Will Turner (Orlando Bloom) as they rescue the kidnapped Elizabeth Swann (Keira Knightley) from the cursed crew of the Black Pearl, captained by Hector Barbossa (Geoffrey Rush), who become undead skeletons at night.\nJay Wolpert developed a script in 2001, and Stuart Beattie rewrote it in early 2002. Around that time, producer Jerry Bruckheimer became involved in the project; he had Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio work on the script, adding the plot device of a supernatural curse to the story to bring it in line with the original theme park ride. Filming took place from October 2002 to March 2003 in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and on sets constructed around Los Angeles, California. It was also notable for being the first film released under the Walt Disney Pictures banner to be rated PG-13 by the MPAA.\nThe film's world premiere was held at Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California on June 28, 2003. Despite low expectations, the film was a huge box-office success, grossed $654.3 million worldwide; making it the fourth-highest-grossing film of 2003. It received generally positive reviews from critics; the film was praised for the performances (particularly from Depp), action sequences, writing, score, and visuals. The film has been widely seen as the film that launched Depp as a box office leading man after many years as a cult movie star. Depp won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role, in addition to Best Actor nominations at the Academy Awards, BAFTAs, and Golden Globes. The Curse of the Black Pearl was also nominated for four other Academy Awards and BAFTAs. The film became the first in a franchise, with two back-to-back sequels, Dead Man's Chest and At World's End, released in 2006 and 2007. Two more sequels, On Stranger Tides and Dead Men Tell No Tales, were released in 2011 and 2017, respectively.", "Q278877": "\u010cesk\u00fd T\u011b\u0161\u00edn (Czech: [\u02c8t\u0283\u025bski\u02d0 \u02c8c\u025b\u0283i\u02d0n] (listen); Polish: Czeski Cieszyn [\u02c8t\u0282\u025bsk\u02b2i \u02c8t\u0255\u025b\u0282\u0268n] (listen); German: Tschechisch-Teschen) is a town in the Karvin\u00e1 District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. The town is commonly known in the region as just T\u011b\u0161\u00edn (Polish: Cieszyn). It lies on the west bank of the Olza river, in the heart of the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Until the 1920 division of the region between Poland and Czechoslovakia it was just a western suburb of the town of Teschen, which after the division fell to Poland as Cieszyn. The combined population of the Czech and Polish parts of the city is around 60,000 (25,000 in T\u011b\u0161\u00edn, 35,000 in Cieszyn).", "Q67901": "(Philipp) Eduard Devrient (11 August 1801 \u2013 4 October 1877) was a German baritone, librettist, playwright, actor, theatre director, and theatre reformer and historian.\nDevrient came from a theatrical family. His uncle was Ludwig Devrient and his brother Karl was the first husband of Wilhelmine Schr\u00f6der-Devrient.\nHe was born and studied in Berlin and performed in a number of German opera houses between 1819 and 1834, when he lost his singing voice and turned his attention to writing and acting. From 1844-6 he worked in Dresden as actor/director, and he directed the Hoftheater in Karlsruhe from 1852 until his retirement in 1870.\nAs a singer, he performed in works by Gluck, Mozart, Beethoven and Weber, among others, and sang in the premi\u00e8re of Marschner's Hans Heiling (in the title-role; Devrient also wrote its libretto). He also sang in the 1831 Berlin premiere of Der Templer und die J\u00fcdin (as Bois-Guilbert).\nHe also took the part of Christ in the 1829 revival by his friend Felix Mendelssohn of J. S. Bach's St Matthew Passion, having previously sung the role of Carrasco in Mendelssohn's only publicly performed opera, Die Hochzeit des Camacho (1827).\nHe wrote a number of plays and two other opera librettos, Die Kirmes and Der Zigeuner, both set by Wilhelm Taubert. In Karlsruhe, in the course of seventeen years, he not only raised it to a high position, but enriched its repertory by many noteworthy librettos. But his chief work is his history of the German stage, Geschichte der deutschen Schauspielkunst (Leipzig, 1848-1874).Eduard Devrient died in Karlsruhe. His son Otto Devrient also worked in the theatre.", "Q10551": "Not to be confused with, Middle Francia.Middle Franconia (German: Mittelfranken) is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in the west of Bavaria and borders the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. The administrative seat is Ansbach; however, the most populous city is Nuremberg.", "Q310275": "Francisco Muniz IV (born December 5, 1985) is an American actor. He is best known for playing the title character in the Fox television family sitcom Malcolm in the Middle, which earned him an Emmy Award nomination and two Golden Globe Award nominations. At the height of his fame, he was considered as one of the most popular child actors and in 2003, he was considered \"one of Hollywood's most bankable teens\". In 2008, he put his acting career on hold to pursue an open-wheel racing career, and competed in the Atlantic Championship. From 2012 to 2014, he was a drummer in the band Kingsfoil.", "Q252734": "\u00c2\u015f\u0131k Veysel (born Veysel \u015eat\u0131ro\u011flu; 25 October 1894 \u2013 21 March 1973) was a Turkish ashik and highly regarded poet of the Turkish folk literature. He was born in the Sivrialan village of the \u015eark\u0131\u015fla district, in the province of Sivas. He was an ashik, poet, songwriter, and a ba\u011flama virtuoso, the prominent representative of the Anatolian ashik tradition in the 20th century. He was blind for most of his lifetime. His songs are usually sad tunes, often dealing with the inevitability of death. However, Veysel used a wide range of themes for his lyrics; based on morals, values, and constant questioning on issues such as love, care, beliefs, and how he saw the world as a blind man.", "Q1133611": "Noel Paul Stookey (born December 30, 1937) is an American singer-songwriter. Stookey is known as \"Paul\" in the folk trio Peter, Paul and Mary; however, he has been known by his first name, Noel, throughout his life. He continues to work as a singer and an activist, performing as a solo artist, and occasionally performing with Peter Yarrow.", "Q167051": "The Dark Side of the Sun is a 1988 American-Yugoslavian drama film directed by Bo\u017eidar Nikoli\u0107 and stars Brad Pitt in his first leading role as a young man in search of a cure for a dreaded skin disease.\nDirector Bo\u017eidar Nikoli\u0107 picked Brad Pitt out of 400 candidates for the main role. Brad Pitt was very happy for the pick and was only paid $1523 for seven weeks of filming in 1988. Nikolic said that film was then shelved due to lack of entertainment value. The movie was released directly-to-video in 1997.", "Q493333": "William Jermaine Stewart (September 7, 1957 \u2013 March 17, 1997) was an American male R&B singer best known for his 1986 hit single \"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off\", which reached number 2 in both the UK and Canada. It also reached number 5 on the US Billboard Hot 100.", "Q1209": "Bremen (German: [\u02c8b\u0281e\u02d0m\u0259n] (listen)), officially the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (German: Freie Hansestadt Bremen), is the smallest and least populous of Germany's 16 states. It is informally called Land Bremen (\"State of Bremen\"), although this is sometimes used in official contexts. The state consists of the city of Bremen as well as the small exclave of Bremerhaven in Northern Germany, surrounded by the larger state of Lower Saxony.", "Q182963": "Black Messiah is a German Viking / symphonic black metal band, founded in 1992.\n\n", "Q168362": "John Desmond Bernal (; 10 May 1901 \u2013 15 September 1971) was an Irish scientist who pioneered the use of X-ray crystallography in molecular biology. He published extensively on the history of science. In addition, Bernal was a political supporter of communism and wrote popular books on science and society.", "Q319537": "Gianni Morandi (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0292anni mo\u02c8randi]; born 11 December 1944) is an Italian pop singer, actor and entertainer.", "Q3556413": "The Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), formally the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, is an organization of U.S. war veterans headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri. The Veterans of Foreign Wars was established by James C. Putnam on September 29, 1899, in Columbus, Ohio. Its membership consists of veterans who, as soldiers, sailors, Marines, Coast Guardsmen and airmen served the U.S. in wars, campaigns, and expeditions on foreign soil or in hostile waters.", "Q243639": "Jason Joel Desrouleaux (born September 21, 1989), known professionally as Jason Derulo (; formerly stylised as Der\u00fclo), is an American singer, songwriter, and dancer. Since the start of his solo recording career in 2009, Derulo has sold over 30 million singles and has achieved eleven Platinum singles, including \"Wiggle\", \"Talk Dirty\", \"In My Head\", and \"Whatcha Say\".After producing records for several artists and writing songs for Cash Money Records co-founder Birdman, Young Money Entertainment owner Lil Wayne and rapper Diddy, Derulo signed to minor recording label Beluga Heights. After Beluga Heights became part of the Warner Music Group, Derulo released his debut single \"Whatcha Say\" in May 2009. It sold over five million digital downloads, gaining an RIAA certification of triple Platinum, and reaching number 1 in the U.S. and New Zealand. Derulo released his second single, \"In My Head\", in December 2009 and his debut studio album, Jason Derulo, followed on March 2, 2010. He released his second album, Future History, on September 16, 2011; the album was preceded by the release of the UK number-one single \"Don't Wanna Go Home\". Derulo's third international album, Tattoos, was released on September 24, 2013 and later repackaged as his third U.S. album, Talk Dirty, released on April 15, 2014. \nIn 2015, Derulo released his single \"Want to Want Me\" and announced his fourth studio album, Everything Is 4, which was released on June 2, 2015.", "Q328932": "The Girl and the Legend (German: Robinson soll nicht sterben) is a 1957 German historical drama film directed by Josef von B\u00e1ky and starring Romy Schneider, Horst Buchholz and Erich Ponto.The film's sets were designed by the art director Hein Heckroth.", "Q371847": "Albert Schweitzer is a 1957 American biographical documentary about Albert Schweitzer directed by Jerome Hill. It won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for 1957.", "Q116870": "Jean-Louis de Lolme or Delolme (1740 \u2013 16 July 1806) was a Genevan and British political theorist and writer on constitutional matters, born in the then independent Republic of Geneva. As an adult he moved to England, and became a British subject. His most famous work was Constitution de l'Angleterre (The Constitution of England, 1771), which was subsequently published in English as well. In it, de Lolme advocated a constitutional form of government enshrining the principle that monarchy, aristocracy and democracy should be balanced against each other. He also praised the element of representative democracy in the constitution, and urged an extension of suffrage. The work influenced many of the framers of the United States Constitution.\n\n", "Q918789": "Rafa\u0142 Aleksander Ziemkiewicz (born 13 September 1964 in Piaseczno) is a Polish political fiction and science fiction author and right-wing journalist.\n\n", "Q128746": "Irving Berlin (born Israel Isidore Beilin; Yiddish: \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d1\u05d9\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05df\u200e; May 11, 1888 \u2013 September 22, 1989) was an American composer and lyricist, widely considered one of the greatest songwriters in American history. His music forms a great part of the Great American Songbook. Born in Imperial Russia, Berlin arrived in the United States at the age of five. He published his first song, \"Marie from Sunny Italy\", in 1907, receiving 33 cents for the publishing rights, and had his first major international hit, \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" in 1911. He also was an owner of the Music Box Theatre on Broadway. It is commonly believed that Berlin could not read sheet music, and was such a limited piano player that he could only play in the key of F-sharp using his custom piano equipped with a transposing lever.\"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" sparked an international dance craze in places as far away as Berlin's native Russia, which also \"flung itself into the ragtime beat with an abandon bordering on mania.\" Over the years he was known for writing music and lyrics in the American vernacular: uncomplicated, simple and direct, with his stated aim being to \"reach the heart of the average American,\" whom he saw as the \"real soul of the country.\" In doing so, said Walter Cronkite, at Berlin's 100th birthday tribute, he \"helped write the story of this country, capturing the best of who we are and the dreams that shape our lives.\"He wrote hundreds of songs, many becoming major hits, which made him famous before he turned thirty. During his 60-year career he wrote an estimated 1,500 songs, including the scores for 20 original Broadway shows and 15 original Hollywood films, with his songs nominated eight times for Academy Awards. Many songs became popular themes and anthems, including \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\", \"Easter Parade\", \"Puttin' on the Ritz\", \"Cheek to Cheek\", \"White Christmas\", \"Happy Holiday\", \"Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)\", and \"There's No Business Like Show Business\". His Broadway musical and 1943 film This is the Army, with Ronald Reagan, had Kate Smith singing Berlin's \"God Bless America\" which was first performed in 1938.Berlin's songs have reached the top of the charts 25 times and have been extensively re-recorded by numerous singers including The Andrews Sisters, Perry Como, Eddie Fisher, Al Jolson, Fred Astaire, Ethel Merman, Louis Armstrong, Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Elvis Presley, Judy Garland, Barbra Streisand, Linda Ronstadt, Rosemary Clooney, Cher, Diana Ross, Bing Crosby, Sarah Vaughan, Ruth Etting, Fanny Brice, Marilyn Miller, Rudy Vall\u00e9e, Nat King Cole, Billie Holiday, Doris Day, Jerry Garcia, Willie Nelson, Bob Dylan, Leonard Cohen, Ella Fitzgerald, Michael Buble, Lady Gaga, and Christina Aguilera.\nBerlin died in 1989 at the age of 101. Composer Douglas Moore sets Berlin apart from all other contemporary songwriters, and includes him instead with Stephen Foster, Walt Whitman, and Carl Sandburg, as a \"great American minstrel\"\u2014someone who has \"caught and immortalized in his songs what we say, what we think about, and what we believe.\" Composer George Gershwin called him \"the greatest songwriter that has ever lived\", and composer Jerome Kern concluded that \"Irving Berlin has no place in American music\u2014he is American music.\"", "Q702486": "The University of Trier (German: Universit\u00e4t Trier), in the German city of Trier, was founded in 1473. Closed in 1798 by order of the then French administration in Trier, the university was re-established in 1970 after a hiatus of some 172 years. The new university campus is located on top of the Tarforst heights, an urban district on the outskirts of the city. The university has six faculties with around 470 faculty members. In 2006 around 14,000 students were matriculated, with 43.5% of the student body male and 56.5% female; the percentage of foreign students was approximately 15.5%.", "Q108496": "Ingo Petzke (born 18 September 1947 in Belm near Osnabr\u00fcck in Germany) is an internationally acknowledged German film scholar, filmmaker and author.\nIngo Petzke grew up in Osnabr\u00fcck. He attended the M\u00fcnster and Bochum universities and received his master's degree in 1973 (Journalism, Scandinavian Studies, Modern History).\nPetzke started his professional career in 1976 in Bad Oeynhausen as one of Germany's youngest directors of an adult education school but fell more and more to the lure of Film. For several years he worked in the Festivalkommission of Internationale Kurzfilmtage Oberhausen and together with his students (Heiko Daxl and others) started the Osnabr\u00fcck Experimentalfilm Workshop in 1980 which since 1988 is known as European Media Art Festival.\nIn 1974 he was adjunct lecturer for film at Ruhr Universit\u00e4t Bochum and between 1978\u20131983 at Universit\u00e4t Osnabr\u00fcck. Since then he lectured in 31 countries, among them New Zealand, Hong Kong, Chile, Argentina, the US of A and Canada. In 1986 the Philippine government awarded him for \u201eInternational Contribution to Philippine Independent Cinema\"\nHis (experimental) shorts screened at numerous domestic and foreign festivals. 1976\u20132000 his company CINE PRO acted as sole German distributor specialised in Avant-garde/Experimental Film. During the 80s Petzke was a member of the Film Commission of Goethe-Institut - German Culture Institute, for which he curated several packages of Experimental films and Shorts. Since 2007, he runs Red Avocado Film, a DVD edition dedicated entirely to experimental film.\nSince 1983 Petzke has been Professor for Film at the Design Faculty of the University of Applied Sciences W\u00fcrzburg-Schweinfurt. He lived and worked several turns in Australia: 1992 as Visiting Professor at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane and 2001 - 2006 as Associate Professor at Bond University on the Gold Coast. In 2004 he earned his \"PhD by Published Works\" about Experimental Film. Additionally, he was awarded a Dr. phil. degree in 2006 at Universit\u00e4t Osnabr\u00fcck with a film historical dissertation about Hollywood-based Australian feature film director Phillip Noyce. In 2008 he was appointed Adjunct Professor at the James Cook University's School of Creative Arts and in 2009 appointed Honorary Fellow of the Cairns Institute (For Research in the Tropics), both in Far-North Queensland, Australia.\nHis main areas of interest are the history of the international Avant-garde (from 2008 till 2011, he was also Director of the (German) Research Center for Experimental Film) and more recently Australian film. Also, he has frequently done research into curriculum development, particularly for the German Federal government.\nPetzke is a member of the German Film Critics Association (VdFk) and of Screen Producers Association of Australia (SPAA).", "Q99361": "Karl Bickleder (October 21, 1888 in Bayerbach bei Ergoldsbach - February 4, 1958 in Straubing) was a German politician, representative of the Bavarian People's Party and the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was a representative of the Landtag of Bavaria.", "Q765409": "Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five was an American hip hop group formed in the South Bronx of New York City in 1978. The group's members were Grandmaster Flash, Melle Mel, The Kidd Creole (not to be confused with Kid Creole and Coconuts frontman Kid Creole), Keith Cowboy, Mr. Ness/Scorpio and Rahiem. The group's use of turntablism, break-beat DJing, and conscious lyricism were significant in the early development of hip hop music.\nIn the late 1970s, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five built their reputation and achieved local success by performing at parties and live shows. By 1980, the group had signed with Sugar Hill Records. Under Sugar Hill Records, the group rose to prominence in the early 1980s with their first hit \"Freedom\". It was not until the release of the song \"The Message\" in 1982 and the album of the same name that they achieved mainstream success. The song provided a political and social commentary and went on to become a driving force behind conscious hip-hop. \nGrandmaster Flash and the Furious Five split into two separate groups, due to differences, until a brief reunion in 1987 led to the release of the original line-up's second album On the Strength. Afterwards, they disbanded permanently. Today, the group's legacy continues as Grandmaster's Furious Five with only Melle Mel and Scorpio as remaining members.\nThe group are widely regarded as one of the greatest groups of all time. They were inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 2007; the first hip hop group to be inducted. In 2002, its first year of archival, \"The Message\" was one of 50 recordings chosen by the Library of Congress to be added to the National Recording Registry. Rolling Stone ranked \"The Message\" number 51 on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2004.", "Q203209": "Conceptual art, also referred to as conceptualism, is art in which the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic, technical, and material concerns. Some works of conceptual art, sometimes called installations, may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions. This method was fundamental to American artist Sol LeWitt's definition of conceptual art, one of the first to appear in print:\n\nIn conceptual art the idea or concept is the most important aspect of the work. When an artist uses a conceptual form of art, it means that all of the planning and decisions are made beforehand and the execution is a perfunctory affair. The idea becomes a machine that makes the art.\nTony Godfrey, author of Conceptual Art (Art & Ideas) (1998), asserts that conceptual art questions the nature of art, a notion that Joseph Kosuth elevated to a definition of art itself in his seminal, early manifesto of conceptual art, Art after Philosophy (1969). The notion that art should examine its own nature was already a potent aspect of the influential art critic Clement Greenberg's vision of Modern art during the 1950s. With the emergence of an exclusively language-based art in the 1960s, however, conceptual artists such as Art & Language, Joseph Kosuth (who became the American editor of Art-Language), and Lawrence Weiner began a far more radical interrogation of art than was previously possible (see below). One of the first and most important things they questioned was the common assumption that the role of the artist was to create special kinds of material objects.Through its association with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s, in popular usage, particularly in the United Kingdom, \"conceptual art\" came to denote all contemporary art that does not practice the traditional skills of painting and sculpture. It could be said that one of the reasons why the term \"conceptual art\" has come to be associated with various contemporary practices far removed from its original aims and forms lies in the problem of defining the term itself. As the artist Mel Bochner suggested as early as 1970, in explaining why he does not like the epithet \"conceptual\", it is not always entirely clear what \"concept\" refers to, and it runs the risk of being confused with \"intention\". Thus, in describing or defining a work of art as conceptual it is important not to confuse what is referred to as \"conceptual\" with an artist's \"intention\".\n\n", "Q401645": "Ahmed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e; born 5 September 1942) is a member of House of Saud who served as deputy minister of interior of Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 2012 and briefly as Minister of Interior in 2012. He was detained in Saudi Arabia in March 2020 on the orders of his brother and nephew, King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammad, and charged with treason.", "Q1344421": "Joel Glazer is part of the Glazer family, who control First Allied Corporation and the Zapata Corporation, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the NFL, and England's Manchester United Football Club. The family is based in Florida.", "Q107969": "Matthias Frings (born 14 April 1953) is a German journalist, TV presenter and writer. He was born in Aachen and spent his childhood there. He pursued English studies, German studies and linguistics at RWTH Aachen University. In 1974, Frings was a founding member of the gay student group Aachener Printenschwestern. After completing his university studies, Frings became a resident of Berlin. In the late 1970s, he was a member of theater group Zan Pollo.\nIn 1982, Frings co-authored his first book M\u00e4nner-Liebe with co-author Elmar Kraushaar. Since 1985, Frings has worked as a radio moderator at Sender Freies Berlin. Between 1992 and 1995 Frings produced and moderated the television show Liebe S\u00fcnde for the German television network VOX.", "Q273936": "Sigri Mitra Ga\u00efni (Persian: \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0646\u06cc) (born 1975 in Oslo, Norway) is a Faroese poet, actress and school teacher.", "Q170539": "A parody (); also called a spoof, send-up, take-off, lampoon, play on (something), caricature, or joke, is a work created to imitate, make fun of, or comment on an original work\u2014its subject, author, style, or some other target\u2014by means of satiric or ironic imitation. As the literary theorist Linda Hutcheon puts it, \"parody ... is imitation, not always at the expense of the parodied text.\" Another critic, Simon Dentith, defines parody as \"any cultural practice which provides a relatively polemical allusive imitation of another cultural production or practice\".\nParody may be found in art or culture, including literature, music (although \"parody\" in music has an earlier, somewhat different meaning than for other art forms), animation, gaming, and film.\nThe writer and critic John Gross observes in his Oxford Book of Parodies, that parody seems to flourish on territory somewhere between pastiche (\"a composition in another artist's manner, without satirical intent\") and burlesque (which \"fools around with the material of high literature and adapts it to low ends\"). Meanwhile, the Encyclop\u00e9die of Denis Diderot distinguishes between the parody and the burlesque, \"A good parody is a fine amusement, capable of amusing and instructing the most sensible and polished minds; the burlesque is a miserable buffoonery which can only please the populace.\" Historically, when a formula grows tired, as in the case of the moralistic melodramas in the 1910s, it retains value only as a parody, as demonstrated by the Buster Keaton shorts that mocked that genre.", "Q9899": "The Government of Amsterdam consists of several territorial and functional forms of local and regional government. The principal form of government is the municipality of Amsterdam, Netherlands. The municipality's territory covers the city of Amsterdam as well as a number of small towns. The city of Amsterdam is also part of several functional forms of regional government. These include the Waterschap (water board) of Amstel, Gooi en Vecht, which is responsible for water management, and the Stadsregio (City Region) of Amsterdam, which has responsibilities in the areas of spatial planning and public transport.\nThe municipality of Amsterdam borders the municipalities of Diemen, Weesp, Abcoude, Ouder-Amstel and Amstelveen in the south, Haarlemmermeer and Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude in the west, and Zaanstad, Oostzaan, Landsmeer and Waterland in the north.", "Q319523": "Vladislav (Vlad) Nikolayevich Listyev (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432; May 10, 1956 \u2013 March 1, 1995) was a Russian journalist and head of the ORT TV Channel (now government-owned Channel One).", "Q280666": "Lloyd Benedict Nolan (August 11, 1902 \u2013 September 27, 1985) was an American film and television actor. Among his many roles, Nolan is remembered for originating the role of private investigator Michael Shayne in a series of 1940s B movies.", "Q930011": "Ian Hector Frazer (born 6 January 1953) is a Scottish-born Australian immunologist, the founding CEO and Director of Research of the Translational Research Institute (Australia). Frazer and Jian Zhou developed and patented the basic technology behind the HPV vaccine against cervical cancer at the University of Queensland. The vaccine, now marketed as Gardasil and Cervarix, was the second cancer preventing vaccine, and the first vaccine designed to prevent a cancer. Researchers at the National Cancer Institute, Georgetown University, and University of Rochester also contributed to the further development of the cervical cancer vaccine in parallel.", "Q212304": "Etihad Airways (Arabic: \u0634\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0629 \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0627\u0650\u062a\u0650\u0651\u062d\u064e\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0646\u200e, romanized: sharikat al-itti\u1e25\u0101d li-\u1e6d-\u1e6dayar\u0101n) is the flag carrier of the UAE and the second-largest airline in the country (after Emirates). Its head office is in Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, near Abu Dhabi's International Airport. Etihad commenced operations in November 2003.The airline operates more than 1,000 flights per week to over 120 passenger and cargo destinations in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Americas, with a fleet of 102 Airbus and Boeing aircraft as of February 2020. \nIn 2015, Etihad carried 14.8 million passengers, a 22.3% increase from the previous year, delivering revenues of US$9.02 billion and net profits of US$103 million. Its main base is Abu Dhabi International Airport.In addition to its core activity of passenger transportation, Etihad also operates Etihad Holidays and Etihad Cargo. Etihad established its airline alliance, Etihad Airways Partners, in October 2015 which was disbanded in 2018 after several of its members fell into financial difficulties. Etihad Airways holds minority equity investments in the participating airlines, as well as holding a stake in Virgin Australia, which is not officially listed as an Etihad Airways Partner. Booking for these airlines is consolidated under one network.", "Q169068": "Zden\u011bk Tyl\u0161ar (29 April 1945 - 18 August 2006) was a Czech horn player and music pedagogue, brother of hornist Bed\u0159ich Tyl\u0161ar. He was the principal hornist and leader of the horn section with the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra for almost 40 years. During his career, he created numerous recordings and performed worldwide.", "Q1068615": "The University of the Arts (UArts) is a university of visual and performing arts based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its campus makes up part of the Avenue of the Arts in Center City, Philadelphia. Dating back to the 1870s, it is one of the oldest schools of art or music in the United States.\nThe university is composed of two colleges and two Divisions: the College of Art, Media & Design; the College of Performing Arts; the Division of Liberal Arts; and the Division of Continuing Studies. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. In addition, the College of Art, Media & Design is accredited by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design, and the School of Music is accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music.", "Q842493": "Diego de Pantoja or Diego Pantoja (Chinese: \u9f90\u8fea\u6211, Pang Diwo; April 1571, Valdemoro, Spain \u2013 January 1618, Portuguese Macau, China) was a Spanish Jesuit and missionary to China who is best known for having accompanied Matteo Ricci in Beijing. His name also appears in some sources as Didaco Pantoia.He arrived in Portuguese Macau on 20 July, 1597, where he received his final instructions for his work in China at St. Paul's College. He was then sent to the Ming dynasty's southern capital, Nanjing, where he stayed from March 1600. He worked with Matteo Ricci, who later completed his work on the Zhifang waiji, China's first global atlas. Together, they left Nanjing on 19 May, 1600, and arrived at the Ming dynasty's Northern and overall capital, Beijing, on 24 January, 1601.\nHe worked in Beijing for many years, including as a musician, astronomer (with calendar corrections) and as a geographer (working with latitude).\nOn 18 March, 1617 he was tried as an enemy of the Chinese astronomers and was expelled from China, along with his colleague Sabatino de Ursis, and settled in Macao, where he lived for the short time remaining before his death.", "Q176148": "Radoslav Lopa\u0161i\u0107 (1830\u20141893) was a Croatian historian and member of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts.\nLopa\u0161i\u0107 was born on 20 May 1830 in Karlovac, Austrian Empire (modern-day Croatia). His father was Mirko Lopa\u0161i\u0107, at that time a mayor and a city judge, while his mother was Magdalena nee Dobrilovi\u0107. After being educated in Karlovac and Zagreb, Lopa\u0161i\u0107 began his career in city administration.", "Q139887": "Zachary T. Space (born January 27, 1961) is an American politician and the former U.S. Representative for Ohio's 18th congressional district, serving from 2007 until 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party. After serving in Congress, Space became a lobbyist and was a principal for Vorys Advisors LLC, a subsidiary of the law firm Vorys, Sater, Seymour and Pease. In August 2017, he announced his campaign for Ohio State Auditor in 2018.\n\n", "Q156298": "Boney M. is a Euro-Caribbean vocal group created by German record producer Frank Farian. Originally based in West Germany, the four original members of the group's official line-up were Liz Mitchell and Marcia Barrett from Jamaica, Maizie Williams from Montserrat and Bobby Farrell, a performing artist from Aruba. The group was formed in 1976 and achieved popularity during the disco era of the late 1970s. Since the 1980s, various line-ups of the band have performed with different personnel.\nThe band has sold around 100 million records worldwide and is known for international hits such as \"Daddy Cool\", \"Ma Baker\", \"Sunny\", \"Rasputin\", \"Mary's Boy Child \u2013 Oh My Lord\" and \"Rivers of Babylon\".", "Q306403": "James Edward Franco (born April 19, 1978) is an American actor, director, screenwriter, comedian, film producer, television producer, academic, painter and writer. For his role in 127 Hours (2010), he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor. Franco is known for his roles in live-action films, such as Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy (2002\u20132007); Milk (2008); Pineapple Express (2008); Eat, Pray, Love (2010); Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011); Spring Breakers (2012); Oz the Great and Powerful (2013); This Is the End (2013); and The Disaster Artist (2017), for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. He is known for his collaborations with fellow actor Seth Rogen, having appeared in eight films and one television series with him.\nFranco is also known for his work on television; his first prominent acting role was the character Daniel Desario on the short-lived ensemble comedy-drama Freaks and Geeks (1999\u20132000), which developed a cult following. He portrayed the title character in the television biographical film James Dean (2001), for which he won a Golden Globe Award. Franco had a recurring role on the daytime soap opera General Hospital (2009\u20132012) and starred in the limited series 11.22.63 (2016). He starred in the David Simon-created HBO drama The Deuce (2017\u20132019).\nFranco volunteers for the Art of Elysium charity, and has taught film classes at New York University, the University of Southern California, UCLA, Studio 4, Palo Alto High School, and Playhouse West.", "Q94645": "Joseph Schreyvogel (27 March 1768 - 28 July 1832) was a Viennese writer and journalist. He also worked as a dramaturge.Older sources sometimes change the spelling of his name to Joseph Schreivogel.In addition to his own name, he sometimes wrote under pseudonyms. These included \"Karl August West\", \"Thomas West\" and \"Gebr\u00fcder West\" (\"West brothers\").", "Q433191": "Jeanne Mathilde Sauv\u00e9 (n\u00e9e Beno\u00eet, April 26, 1922 \u2013 January 26, 1993) was a Canadian journalist, politician, and stateswoman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 23rd since Canadian Confederation.\nSauv\u00e9 was born in Prud'homme, Saskatchewan, and educated in Ottawa and Paris, prior to working as a journalist for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). She was then elected to the House of Commons in 1972, whereafter she served as a minister of the Crown until 1980, when she became the Speaker of the House of Commons. She was in 1984 appointed as governor general by Queen Elizabeth II, on the recommendation of Prime Minister of Canada Pierre Trudeau, to replace Edward Schreyer as vicereine, and she occupied the post until succeeded by Ray Hnatyshyn in 1990. She was the first woman to serve as Canada's governor general and, while her appointment as the Queen's representative was initially and generally welcomed, Sauv\u00e9 caused some controversy during her time as vicereine, mostly due to increased security around the office, as well as an anti-monarchist attitude towards the position.\nOn November 27, 1972, Sauv\u00e9 was sworn into the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. She subsequently founded and worked with the Sauv\u00e9 Foundation until her death, caused by Hodgkin's lymphoma, on January 26, 1993.", "Q708801": "David Patrick O'Hara (born 9 July 1965) is a Scottish stage and character actor. A graduate of the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama in London, he is best known to audiences for his numerous supporting roles in high-profile films; including Irishman Stephen in Braveheart, dimwitted mobster Fitzy in The Departed, hitman Mr. X in Wanted, and Albert Runcorn in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 1. He portrayed Det. Danny 'Mac' McGregor on The District, and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey on The Tudors.", "Q284400": "Gisela (born c.821) was the youngest daughter of Louis the Pious and his second wife, Judith of Bavaria. She married the powerful and influential Eberhard, Duke of Friuli, later canonized as Saint Eberhard, with whom she had several children including King Berengar I of Italy, Margrave of Friuli. Gisela was renowned for her piety and virtue, much like her namesake, Gisela (the sister of Charlemagne), who had chosen the religious life from girlhood.\nHer dowry consisted of many rich domains including the fisc of Cysoing; located at the center of the country of P\u00e8vele, Cysoing was one of the most beautiful fiscs in the region and became one of her and Eberhard's regular residences. They founded a monastery there, which was not completed until after their deaths.\nThe nunnery San Salvatore was given to her after Ermengarde, wife of Lothair I. For a time she served as both abbess and rectrix.\nShe dedicated herself to the education of her and Eberhard's many children.", "Q216162": "Joseph Arnold Weydemeyer (February 2, 1818, M\u00fcnster \u2013 August 26, 1866, St. Louis, Missouri) was a military officer in the Kingdom of Prussia and the United States as well as a journalist, politician and Marxist revolutionary.\n\nAt first a supporter of \"true socialism\", Weydemeyer became in 1845\u20131846 a follower of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. He became a member of the League of Communists and from 1849 to 1851 headed its Frankfurt chapter. He visited Marx in Brussels, staying there for a time to attend Marx's lectures. He participated in the 1848 Revolution. He was one of the \"responsible editors\" of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung from 1849 to 1850. He was involved in the writing of the manuscript of The German Ideology.\nWeydemeyer worked on two socialist periodicals which were the Westph\u00e4lisches Dampfboot (\"Westphalian Steamboat\") and the Neue Rheinische Zeitung. In 1851, he emigrated from Germany to the United States and worked there as a journalist. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon, written by Marx, was published in 1852 in Die Revolution, a German-language monthly magazine in New York established by Weydemeyer.\nWeydemeyer took part in the American Civil War as a lieutenant colonel in the Union Army.", "Q239181": "Elizabeth \"Betsy\" Russell (born September 6, 1963) is an American actress who is best known for her roles in Private School (1983), Tomboy (1985), and as Jill Tuck, one of the primary characters of the Saw film series from 2006-2010.", "Q2670751": "The Margraviate of Moravia (Czech: Markrabstv\u00ed moravsk\u00e9; German: Markgrafschaft M\u00e4hren) was one of the lands of the Bohemian Crown existing from 1182 to 1918. It was officially administrated by a margrave in cooperation with a provincial diet. It was variously a de facto independent state, and also subject to the Duchy, later the Kingdom of Bohemia. It comprised the region called Moravia within the modern Czech Republic.", "Q962031": "Carlo Petrini (born 22 June 1949), born in the province of Cuneo in the commune of Bra in Italy, is the founder of the International Slow Food Movement. He first came to prominence in the 1980s for taking part in a campaign against the fast food chain McDonald's opening near the Spanish Steps in Rome. In 1983, he helped to create and develop the Italian non-profit food and wine association known as Arcigola.Petrini was formerly a political activist in the communist movement Partito di Unit\u00e0 Proletaria.\nIn 1977, Petrini began contributing culinary articles to communist daily newspapers il manifesto and l'Unit\u00e0. He is an editor of multiple publications at the publishing house Slow Food Editore. He has written weekly columns for La Stampa and is currently a regular journalist on La Repubblica. In October 2004, he founded the University of Gastronomic Sciences, a university devoted to new gastronomists and innovators of sustainable food systems. He was chosen as one of Time magazine's heroes of the year. \nHe is now a supporter and member of the Italian Democratic Party (center-left wing).\nPetrini was proposed for politician roles (as Minister).\nCarlo Petrini received some awards and rewards including: Communicator of the Year at the International Wine and Spirit Competition in London; Sicco Mansholt Price in the Netherlands; honorary degree in cultural anthropology from the University of New Hampshire; Eckart Witzigmann Science and Media Prize from Germany.", "Q240324": "Paloma Faith Blomfield (born 21 July 1981) is an English singer, songwriter, and actress. Faith is known for her retro and eccentric style. The singer met her managers Jamie Binns and Christian W\u00e5hlberg in 2007. Her debut album, Do You Want the Truth or Something Beautiful? was released in 2009 and has been certified double platinum in the UK. The album contains the singles \"Stone Cold Sober\", \"New York\" and \"Upside Down\", and earned Faith her first BRIT Award nomination in 2010. \nIn 2012, Faith released her second studio album, Fall to Grace, which debuted at number two on the UK Albums Chart. The album was critically well received and surpassed the success of her debut, earning her numerous award nominations in 2013 and earning a double platinum certification in the UK. The album produced her first top ten single, \"Picking Up the Pieces\", the top twenty cover version of INXS's \"Never Tear Us Apart\" and earned her two BRIT Award nominations for Best British Female and British Album of the Year. Faith released her third album, A Perfect Contradiction in 2014, which stands as her most successful album to date. The album spawned the two UK top ten singles \"Can't Rely on You\" and \"Only Love Can Hurt Like This\", with the latter topping the charts in Australia. Faith won Best British Female Solo Artist at the BRIT Awards in 2015. Her fourth studio album, The Architect was released in 2017, and debuted at number one in the UK, becoming Faith's first number one album.\nIn addition to her solo work, Faith has also collaborated with the duo Sigma on the 2014 track \"Changing\", which charted at number one in the UK, and DJ Sigala on \"Lullaby\", which reached the top ten in 2018. Furthermore, she has also made feature film appearances in The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus, Dread, the 2007 remake of St Trinian's and Youth. In 2016, Faith appeared as a judge on the fifth series of The Voice UK.", "Q46703": "The European Academy of Sciences and Arts (Latin: Academia Scientiarum et Artium Europaea) is a learned society of around 1,900 top scientists and artists who approach the questions facing Europe and the globe in various colloquia and publications. Among its members are 32 Nobel laureates. Not focused on financial gain, the academy is funded by the European Union, Austria, public agencies and private sponsors, while remaining ideologically and politically independent.", "Q2967608": "Charles Hugh \"Chuck\" Roberson (May 10, 1919 \u2013 June 8, 1988) was an American cowboy, actor, and stuntman. He was nicknamed \"Bad Chuck\" by director John Ford, for whom he worked many times, to distinguish him from \"Good Chuck,\" stuntman Chuck Hayward. Roberson was reportedly the rowdier of the two, thus the nicknames.", "Q497141": "Kenneth H. Rowe (born No Kum-sok; Korean: \ub178\uae08\uc11d; January 10, 1932) is a Korean American engineer and aviator who served as a senior lieutenant in the Korean People's Army Air and Anti-Air Force during the Korean War. Approximately two months after the end of hostilities, he defected to South Korea in a MiG 15 aircraft, and was subsequently granted political asylum in the United States.", "Q922415": "Carlos Gracie (September 14, 1902 \u2013 October 7, 1994) was a Brazilian martial artist who is credited with being one of the primary developers of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Along with his younger brother H\u00e9lio Gracie and fellow students Luis Franca and Oswaldo Fadda, he helped develop Brazilian jiu-jitsu based on knowledge from Mitsuyo Maeda, and is widely considered to be the martial-arts patriarch of the Gracie family. He acquired his knowledge of Jiu-Jitsu by studying in Belem under Maeda and his students. As he taught the techniques to his brothers, he created a martial arts family with H\u00e9lio and with other members of the Gracie family who provided key contributions to the style.", "Q373922": "Abby Walker (formally known as Abby Pivaronas) is an American actress and model. She played Vanessa Page on Disney Channel sitcom Jonas.", "Q82741": "Winnenden is a small town in the Rems-Murr district of the Stuttgart Region in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in southwest Germany. It lies in a wine-growing area approx. 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Stuttgart and has a population of fewer than 28,000. The town is home to the K\u00e4rcher Company, makers of cleaning equipment namely pressure washers.", "Q51519": "Alan Jay Pakula (; April 7, 1928 \u2013 November 19, 1998) was an American film director, writer and producer. He was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Picture for To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), Best Director for All the President's Men (1976) and Best Adapted Screenplay for Sophie's Choice (1982).\nPakula was also notable for directing his \"paranoia trilogy\": Klute (1971), The Parallax View (1974) and All the President's Men (1976).", "Q2926654": "Bruno Bonnell (born 6 October 1958) is a French businessman and politician of La R\u00e9publique En Marche! (LREM) who was elected to the French National Assembly on 18 June 2017. He is co-founder of Infogrames Entertainment SA.", "Q48048": "Ivan Ignatyevich Yakubovsky (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0418\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u043a\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 7 January 1912 \u2013 30 November 1976) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice made a Hero of the Soviet Union and serving as commander-in-chief of the Warsaw Pact from 1967 to 1976.", "Q84330": "Harald Leipnitz (22 April 1926 \u2013 21 November 2000) was a German actor, who was born in Wuppertal and died in Munich. Lung cancer", "Q445761": "Marian Krzaklewski (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8marjan k\u0282a\u02c8kl\u025bfsk\u02b2i]; born 23 August 1950 in Kolbuszowa) is a Polish politician. A member of Solidarity since the 1980s, he was one of the most known and influential Polish politicians in the late 1990s, when he created the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS). The AWS coalition, especially when it joined forces with Freedom Union, was a major accomplishment in Polish politics, transforming the fragmented post-Solidarity camp into a powerful political force.\nKrzaklewski studied information science from Politechnika \u015al\u0105ska and holds a PhD degree. In 1980 he became involved with Solidarity, the famous Polish anti-communist trade union and social movement. Within the movement he was active in the Silesia region.\nIn 1991 he replaced Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa (then president of Poland) as the chairman of Solidarity. In opposition both to the government of Wa\u0142\u0119sa and later the left-wing SLD, he was one of the founders of the center and right-wing Solidarity Electoral Action, which eventually became victorious in the 1997 Polish parliamentary election. Krzaklewski, who was elected as a deputy to the Polish parliament (Sejm), was considered for the post of Prime Minister, however in the end the post went to Jerzy Buzek. Amid the decreasing support for AWS, political infighting and corruption (TKM), he contested the 2000 Polish presidential election. As the major right-wing candidate, he polled very poorly, achieving just 15.6% of the vote. (Incumbent Kwasniewski won a majority in the first round). Subsequently, AWS suffered a crushing defeat in the 2001 Polish parliamentary election.\nKrzaklewski resigned as the leader of AWS in 2001 and was replaced as chairman of the Solidarity trade Union by Janusz \u015aniadek in 2002. He currently is a member of the National Commission of NSSZ Solidarity and works as an EU expert in Brussels. Krzaklewski failed to return to politics running from his native region in South-Eastern Poland from the ruling Civic Platform list.\n\n", "Q302103": "Aaron Huey (born December 9, 1975) is an American photojournalist and documentary photographer who is most widely known for his walk across America in 2002, his work as a National Geographic photographer, and for the art and advocacy non-profit called Amplifier. He grew up in Worland, Wyoming, graduating from Worland High School. He received his BFA from the University of Denver, in Colorado in 1999.", "Q94123": "John Uhler Lemmon III (February 8, 1925 \u2013 June 27, 2001) was an American actor who was nominated for an Academy Award eight times, winning twice. He starred in over 60 films, such as Mister Roberts (1955, for which he won the year's Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor), Some Like It Hot (1959), The Apartment (1960), Days of Wine and Roses (1962), Irma la Douce (1963), The Great Race (1965), The Odd Couple (1968, and its sequel The Odd Couple II (1998), both with frequent co-star Walter Matthau), Save the Tiger (1973, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor), The China Syndrome (1979), Missing (1982), Long Day's Journey into Night (1987, for which he won a Golden Globe) and Glengarry Glen Ross (1992).\n\n", "Q10261398": "Creio is the fifteenth album in the live praise and worship series of Contemporary worship music by Diante do Trono.", "Q57168": "Christoph \"Doom\" Schneider (born 11 May 1966) is a German musician. He is the drummer of the German Neue Deutsche H\u00e4rte band Rammstein.\n\n", "Q850929": "La Mesa is a city in San Diego County, located 9 miles (14 km) east of Downtown San Diego in Southern California. The population was 57,065 at the 2010 census, up from 54,749 at the 2000 census. Its civic motto is \"the Jewel of the Hills.\"", "Q12434": "Bad Honnef is a spa town in Germany near Bonn in the Rhein-Sieg district, North Rhine-Westphalia. It is located on the border of the neighbouring state Rhineland-Palatinate. To the north it lies on the slopes of the Drachenfels (\u201cDragon's Rock\u201d) mountain, part of the Siebengebirge.", "Q253358": "Jacqueline Susan McKenzie (born 1967) is a classically trained Australian actress of stage and screen.\n\n", "Q87639": "Seher \u00c7ak\u0131r (born in 1971, Istanbul, Turkey) is a Turkish poet and the founding member and author of the German-Turkish newspaper \u00d6neri. Since 1983 she has been living in Vienna.", "Q822401": "Bernard Edwards (October 31, 1952 \u2013 April 18, 1996) was an American bass player, singer, songwriter and record producer, known primarily for his work in disco music with guitarist Nile Rodgers, with whom he co-founded Chic. In 2017, Edwards was selected as the 53rd greatest bassist of all time by Bass Player magazine.", "Q89614": "Thomas Kantzow (died 1542) was a chronicler in the Duchy of Pomerania. He studied at the universities of Rostock and Wittenberg, and was a secretary of the Pomeranian dukes. His manuscripts, rediscovered in 1729, 1832 and 1973, are written in Low German and Standard German language, and were printed in the 19th and 20th centuries. They contain a Low German and three Standard German chronicles covering the history of Pomerania until 1536.", "Q1507031": "George Carter Buford, Jr. (November 10, 1929 \u2013 October 11, 2011), known as Mojo Buford, was an American blues harmonica player best known for his work in Muddy Waters's band.", "Q597155": "Marco Minghetti (18 November 1818 \u2013 10 December 1886) was an Italian economist and statesman.", "Q14045": "Richard Melville Hall (born September 11, 1965), better known as Moby, is an American musician, songwriter, singer, producer, and animal rights activist. He has sold 20 million records worldwide. \nAllMusic considers him to be \"among the most important dance music figures of the early 1990s, helping bring dance music to a mainstream audience both in the United Kingdom and the United States\".After taking up guitar and piano at age nine, he played in several underground punk rock bands through the 1980s before turning to electronic dance music. In 1989, he moved to New York City and became a prolific figure as a DJ, producer, and remixer. His 1991 single \"Go\" was his mainstream breakthrough, reaching No. 10 in the United Kingdom. Between 1992 and 1997 he scored eight top 10 hits on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart including \"Move (You Make Me Feel So Good)\", \"Feeling So Real\", and \"James Bond Theme (Moby Re-Version)\". Through the decade he also produced music under various pseudonyms, released the critically acclaimed Everything Is Wrong (1995), and composed music for films. His punk-oriented album Animal Rights (1996) alienated much of his fan base.\nMoby found commercial and critical success with his fifth album Play (1999) which, after receiving little recognition, became an unexpected global hit in 2000 after each track was licensed to films, television shows, and commercials. It remains his highest selling album with 12 million copies sold. Its seventh single, \"South Side\", featuring Gwen Stefani, remains his only one to appear on the US Billboard Hot 100, reaching No. 14. Moby followed Play with albums of varied styles including electronic, dance, rock, and downtempo music, starting with 18 (2002), Hotel (2005), and Last Night (2008). His later albums saw him explore ambient music, including the almost four-hour release Long Ambients 1: Calm. Sleep. (2016). Moby has not toured since 2014 but continues to record and release albums; his most recent is Long Ambients 2 (2019). Moby has co-written, produced, or remixed music for various artists.\nIn addition to his music career, Moby is known for his veganism and support for animal welfare and humanitarian aid. He is the owner of Little Pine, a vegan restaurant in Los Angeles, and organized the vegan music and food festival Circle V. He is the author of four books, including a collection of his photography and two memoirs: Porcelain: A Memoir (2016) and Then It Fell Apart (2019).", "Q3594034": "Incorporates translations from the corresponding Japanese Wikipedia article\nBaron \u014ckura Kihachir\u014d (\u5927\u5009 \u559c\u516b\u90ce, October 23, 1837 \u2013 April 5, 1928) was an entrepreneur who built up the \u014ckura-gumi and founded the giant \u014ckura zaibatsu (literally financial cliques) and the \u014ckura Sh\u014dgy\u014d Gakk\u014d which later became Tokyo Keizai University in 1949.", "Q349472": "Mark Levengood, (born 10 July 1964 in Lejeune Base Camp, North Carolina in the United States), is a Finnish journalist, writer, and television host who is working in Sweden. He is a Swedish-speaking Finn who grew up in Helsinki. He is the husband of Jonas Gardell. They have two children, a boy, who is Gardell\u2019s biological child, and a girl, who is Levengood\u2019s child. Levengood was born to an American father and a Sweden-Finnish mother.Amongst other shows he has hosted Melodifestivalen.", "Q522088": "Kaitlyn Ashley Maher (born January 10, 2004) is an American teen singer and actress born in Michigan, and raised in Ashburn, Virginia. In 2008, at the age of 4, she appeared on the third season of America's Got Talent and for her audition sang \"Somewhere Out There\". She reached the top 10 of AGT season 3, and was the youngest person to ever reach that level. Maher has since appeared live at The Great Kids Expo in Chantilly, Virginia, on October 25, 2008, a live broadcast of the 2008 lighting of the National Christmas Tree, on December 4, 2008, attended by President George W. Bush and over 7,000 guests, and the 2009 Cherry Blossom Festival on April 11, 2009. On October 3, 2009, Maher was the opening act of The Addi and Cassi Hempel Fund benefit. Maher has appeared in a Harris Teeter commercial airing during December 2008. She was also selected by Compassion International as its first ever Child Ambassador, visited children in El Salvador with Compassion, got to meet her sponsored child, and shot a music video to her title song \"You Were Meant to Be.\"\nMaher signed a recording deal late in 2009 with Indie Extreme for the release of her debut album You Were Meant To Be. The album was released December 15, 2009. Kaitlyn appeared in the Disney direct to video movie Santa Buddies as the voice for the character, Tiny, which was released on November 24, 2009. Maher played the orphan Quinn in The Search for Santa Paws released as a direct to video on November 23, 2010 which had its television premiere on the Disney Channel in December 2011. She played Sarah Reynolds in the sequel titled Santa Paws 2: The Santa Pups released on November 20, 2012.", "Q99407": "Minnie Maria Dronke (n\u00e9e Kronfeld, 17 July 1904 \u2013 28 August 1987) was a New Zealand actor, drama producer and teacher.\nShe was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1904 as Minnie Kronfeld. Born into a Jewish family, she converted to Catholicism in 1928 and took on the name Maria Magdalena. Her Jewish background placed her in great danger in Nazi Germany and in December 1938, she went to live at a Catholic convent at Fenham, England. She was eventually reunited with her husband and children there and the Archbishop of Wellington, Thomas O'Shea, arranged for them to come to New Zealand, where they arrived in August 1939.In the 1980 New Year Honours, Dronke was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the performing arts. She died in Lower Hutt on 28 August 1987.", "Q356552": "Ariel Ram\u00edrez (4 September 1921 \u2013 18 February 2010) was an Argentine composer, pianist and music director. He was considered \"a chief exponent of Argentine folk music\" and noted for his \"iconic\" musical compositions.Ram\u00edrez is known primarily for his Misa Criolla (1964). It allowed him to travel around Europe and Latin America to build his reputation. However, he wrote more than 300 compositions during his career, and sold millions of albums.", "Q214013": "21 Grams is a 2003 American crime drama film directed by Alejandro Gonz\u00e1lez I\u00f1\u00e1rritu from a screenplay by Guillermo Arriaga. The story was co-written by Gonz\u00e1lez I\u00f1\u00e1rritu and Arriaga. The film stars Sean Penn, Naomi Watts, Charlotte Gainsbourg, Danny Huston and Benicio Del Toro. The second part of Arriaga's and Gonz\u00e1lez I\u00f1\u00e1rritu's Trilogy of Death, preceded by Amores perros (2000) and followed by Babel (2006), 21 Grams interweaves several plot lines in a nonlinear arrangement.\nThe film's plot is about the consequences of a tragic automobile accident. Penn plays a critically ill mathematician, Watts plays a grief-stricken mother, and Del Toro plays a born-again Christian ex-convict whose faith is sorely tested in the aftermath of the accident. The three main characters each have \"past\", \"present\" and \"future\" story threads, which are shown as non-linear fragments that punctuate elements of the overall story, all imminently coming toward each other and coalescing as the story progresses.", "Q6214": "Recklinghausen (German pronunciation: [\u0281\u025bkl\u026a\u014b\u02c8ha\u028az\u0259n]) is a Kreis (district) in the centre of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is surrounded by the neighbouring districts of Borken, Coesfeld, Unna, Gelsenkirchen, Bottrop, and Wesel. The district administration is located in the city of the same name.\nApart from the Region Hannover, Kreis Recklingshausen is the largest non-city district in Germany by population.", "Q65657": "Hans Furler (5 June 1904 \u2013 29 June 1975) was a German christian-democrat politician. He was the president of the European Parliament (or, more precisely, precursors of the European Parliament) from 1956 to 1958 and from 1960 to 1962.", "Q781770": "Austrian Airlines AG, sometimes shortened to Austrian, is the flag carrier of Austria and a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group. The airline is headquartered on the grounds of Vienna International Airport in Schwechat where it also maintains its hub. It flew to six domestic and more than 120 international year-round and seasonal destinations in 55 countries as of July 2016, and is a member of the Star Alliance. The airline temporarily suspended operations on 17 March 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak.\nThe airline was formed in 1957 by the merger of Air Austria and Austrian Airways but traces its history back to 1923 at the founding of Austrian Airways. During the 2000s, the airline expanded through the acquisitions of Rheintalflug and Lauda Air and adopted the shortened Austrian name in 2003. Throughout the decade, Austrian sustained several years of losses, and in 2008, its owner, the Austrian government, was advised to sell the airline to a foreign company. In 2009, the Lufthansa Group purchased the airline after receiving approval from the European Commission following an investigation into the tendering process.\nFollowing disputes with staff over cost cutting, all Austrian Airlines' flights were transferred on 1 July 2012 to its subsidiary, Tyrolean Airways, which operated under the Austrian name. On 1 April 2015, all flights transferred back to Austrian, and Tyrolean Airways was merged into its parent.", "Q116131": "Anton Schaller (born 1944 in Nottwil) is a Swiss journalist, news presenter and politician (LdU).Schaller was chief editor of the evening news Tagesschau on the Swiss television channel SF 1 and directed the Federal Palace editorial team. In 1999 he was elected to the National Council of Switzerland as the last representative of the Alliance of Independents.", "Q44841": "Samuel Robert Rivers (born September 2, 1977, Jacksonville, Florida) is the bassist and backing vocalist of the band Limp Bizkit, and one of its founding members.", "Q661848": "El\u017cbieta Dzikowska (Mi\u0119dzyrzec Podlaski, 19 March 1937 as J\u00f3zefa G\u00f3rska) is a Polish art historian, sinologist, explorer, director and operator of documentary films, the author of many books, television programs, radio broadcasts, articles and exhibitions of contemporary art.\nAlong with her husband, Tony Halik, she has made about 300 documentary films all over the world for Polish Television and hosted the popular travel television programme \"Pieprz i wanilia\" (\"Pepper and Vanilla\").\n\n", "Q64549": "Melvin Glover (born May 15, 1961), better known by his stage name Melle Mel () and Grandmaster Melle Mel, is an American hip hop recording artist who was the lead vocalist and songwriter of Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five.", "Q73035": "George Edward Lopez (born April 23, 1961) is an American comedian and actor. He is known for starring in his self-produced ABC sitcom. His stand-up comedy examines race and ethnic relations, including Mexican American culture. Lopez has received several honors for his work and contributions to the Latino community, including the 2003 Imagen Vision Award, the 2003 Latino Spirit Award for Excellence in Television and the National Hispanic Media Coalition Impact Award. He was also named one of \"The Top 25 Hispanics in America\" by Time magazine in 2005.", "Q152773": "Amy Louise Acker (born December 5, 1976) is an American actress. She is best known for starring as Winifred Burkle and Illyria on the supernatural drama series Angel (2001\u20132004), as Kelly Peyton on the action drama series Alias (2005\u20132006), and as Root on the science-fiction drama series Person of Interest (2012\u20132016). From 2017 to 2019 she starred as Caitlin Strucker on the superhero drama series The Gifted, based on Marvel Comics' X-Men.", "Q82972": "The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC, from the Shang dynasty (c. 1600\u20131046 BC), during the king Wu Ding's reign, who was mentioned as the twenty-first Shang king by the same. Ancient historical texts such as the Book of Documents (early chapters, 11th century BC), the Records of the Grand Historian (c. 100 BC) and the Bamboo Annals (296 BC) mention and describe a Xia dynasty (c. 2070\u20131600 BC) before the Shang, but no writing is known from the period, and Shang writings do not indicate the existence of the Xia. The Shang ruled in the Yellow River valley, which is commonly held to be the cradle of Chinese civilization. However, Neolithic civilizations originated at various cultural centers along both the Yellow River and Yangtze River. These Yellow River and Yangtze civilizations arose millennia before the Shang. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the world's oldest civilizations, and is regarded as one of the cradles of civilization.The Zhou dynasty (1046\u2013256 BC) supplanted the Shang, and introduced the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. The central Zhou government began to weaken due to external and internal pressures in the 8th century BC, and the country eventually splintered into smaller states during the Spring and Autumn period. These states became independent and warred with one another in the following Warring States period. Much of traditional Chinese culture, literature and philosophy first developed during those troubled times.\nIn 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang conquered the various warring states and created for himself the title of Huangdi or \"emperor\" of the Qin, marking the beginning of imperial China. However, the oppressive government fell soon after his death, and was supplanted by the longer-lived Han dynasty (206 BC \u2013 220 AD). Successive dynasties developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the emperor to control vast territories directly. In the 21 centuries from 206 BC until AD 1912, routine administrative tasks were handled by a special elite of scholar-officials. Young men, well-versed in calligraphy, history, literature, and philosophy, were carefully selected through difficult government examinations. China's last dynasty was the Qing (1644\u20131912), which was replaced by the Republic of China in 1912, and then in the mainland by the People's Republic of China in 1949.\nChinese history has alternated between periods of political unity and peace, and periods of war and failed statehood\u2014the most recent being the Chinese Civil War (1927\u20131949). China was occasionally dominated by steppe peoples, most of whom were eventually assimilated into the Han Chinese culture and population. Between eras of multiple kingdoms and warlordism, Chinese dynasties have ruled parts or all of China; in some eras control stretched as far as Xinjiang and Tibet, as at present. Traditional culture, and influences from other parts of Asia and the Western world (carried by waves of immigration, cultural assimilation, expansion, and foreign contact), form the basis of the modern culture of China.", "Q67040": "Naters is a municipality in the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Birgisch and Mund merged into the municipality of Naters, which also includes the villages of Hegdorn, Geimen, Mehlbaum, Rischinen and Blatten bei Naters.", "Q699895": "Arrigo Petacco (7 August 1929 \u2013 3 April 2018) was an Italian writer, historian and journalist.", "Q7557563": "Soleilmoon Recordings is an American record label that began in 1987 as a cassette label, operating from the back of a record shop called the Ooze in Portland, Oregon, US.\nThe first releases were by Smegma, Muslimgauze, Coil, and Nocturnal Emissions. In 1991 the shop was sold and Soleilmoon became a full-time label.", "Q77253": "Albert I, Duke of Bavaria (German: Albrecht; 25 July 1336 \u2013 13 December 1404) KG, was a feudal ruler of the counties of Holland, Hainaut, and Zeeland in the Low Countries. Additionally, he held a portion of the Bavarian province of Straubing, his Bavarian ducal line's appanage and seat.", "Q4201984": "Ernest Aldrich Simpson (6 May 1897 \u2013 30 November 1958) was an American-born British shipbroker, best known as the second husband of Wallis Simpson, later wife of the former King Edward VIII.\nSimpson served as an officer in the Coldstream Guards before becoming a shipbroker in the family firm of SSY.", "Q2002177": "Lava Records (Lava Music, LLC.) is an American record label owned by Jason Flom in partnership with Universal Music Group.", "Q1101884": "Clive Ian Calder (born 13 December 1946) is a South African-born British billionaire record executive and businessman primarily known for co-founding the Zomba Group with Ralph Simon, and its subsidiary Jive Records.", "Q180635": "Ira Greenlief Hersey (March 31, 1858 \u2013 May 6, 1943) was a politician from Hodgdon, Maine, who served in the Maine House of Representatives, the Maine State Senate, and most notably in the United States Congress as a Representative for the U.S. State of Maine.", "Q304599": "Ondine is a 2009 Irish romantic drama film directed and written by Neil Jordan and starring Colin Farrell and Alicja Bachleda. The film was shot on location in Castletownbere, Ireland, and it touches upon the possible existence of the mythological selkie bringing hope and love to humans they so much want to become.\nThe film had its North American premiere as part of the Toronto International Film Festival on 14 September 2009 in Toronto, Canada, and European premiere as part of the Jameson Dublin International Film Festival on 18 February 2010 in Dublin, Ireland.", "Q4793963": "Dame Annie Jean Macnamara, (1 April 1899 \u2013 13 October 1968) was an Australian medical doctor and scientist, best known for her contributions to children's health and welfare. She was honored as Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1935.\n\n", "Q37677": "Francisco Solano L\u00f3pez Carrillo (24 July 1827 \u2013 1 March 1870) was President of Paraguay from 1862 until his death in 1870. He was the eldest son of Juana Pabla Carrillo and of President Carlos Antonio L\u00f3pez, Francisco\u2019s predecessor.\nAt a very young age he served in the Paraguayan Army fighting against Juan Manuel de Rosas in the sporadic hostilities sustained by Paraguay and Argentina during the Platine Wars. After the downfall of Rosas, he became Ambassador of Paraguay, as Minister Plenipotentiary, in several European countries from 1853-1855. At his return in Asunci\u00f3n, he was appointed Vice-President of the Supreme Government of his father Carlos, and then assumed the Presidency when his father died.\nHe is one of the most controversial figures in South American history, particularly because of the Paraguayan War, known in the Plate Basin as \"Guerra de la Triple Alianza\".\nFrom one perspective, his ambitions were the main reason for the outbreak of the war while other arguments maintain he was a fierce champion of the independence of South American nations against foreign rule and interests. He resisted until the very end and was killed in action during the Battle of Cerro Cor\u00e1, which marked the end of the war.", "Q380841": "The Kids Are All Right is a 2010 American comedy-drama film directed by Lisa Cholodenko and written by Cholodenko and Stuart Blumberg. It is among the first mainstream movies to show a same-sex couple raising two teenagers. A hit at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival, it opened in limited release on July 9, 2010, expanding to more theaters on July 30, 2010. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 16, 2010. The film was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy, and Annette Bening was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. The film also received four Academy Award nominations, including one for Best Picture, at the 83rd Academy Awards.", "Q464744": "Paul Vincent Guilfoyle (; born April 28, 1949) is an American television and film actor. He was a regular cast member of the CBS police drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation where he played Captain Jim Brass from 2000 to 2014 and returned for the series finale, \"Immortality\", in 2015.", "Q551933": "Charles Van Acker (14 March 1912 Brussels \u2013 31 May 1998 South Bend, Indiana) was a Belgian-American racecar driver. He first attempted to qualify for the Indianapolis 500 in 1946 but was too slow. In 1947 he made the race and finished in 29th after a crash on lap 24. He also competed in seven more races of the national trail that season and finished 4th in points. In 1948 he finished 11th in the Indy 500 and 10th in the National Championship. 1949 saw him crash 10 laps into the Indy 500 and struggle to qualify much of the rest of the season. He attempted the 1950 Indianapolis 500 but failed to qualify in what would be his last Championship Car appearance.\nHe owned and operated the South Bend Motor Speedway in South Bend, Indiana and once after a dirt track crash in Dayton, Ohio was declared dead. However, Van Acker claims that the reports were exaggerated and that he was not that seriously injured.", "Q3121493": "Oral Roberts University (ORU) is a private evangelical liberal arts university in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Founded in 1963, the university is named after its founder, evangelist Oral Roberts, and accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. The university enrolls approximately 4,000 students.Sitting on a 263-acre (1.06 km2) campus, ORU offers over 60 undergraduate degree programs along with a number of masters and doctoral degrees. ORU is classified among \"Baccalaureate Colleges: Diverse Fields\".", "Q102622": "Hermann Sch\u00fcssler or Schussler (August 4, 1842 \u2013 April 27, 1919) was a German water-systems engineer and architect of dams famous for designing the Comstock water system.", "Q38222": "George Walton Lucas Jr. (born May 14, 1944) is an American filmmaker, philanthropist and entrepreneur. Lucas is best known for creating the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises and founding Lucasfilm, LucasArts and Industrial Light & Magic. He served as chairman of Lucasfilm before selling it to The Walt Disney Company in 2012.After graduating from the University of Southern California in 1967, Lucas co-founded American Zoetrope with filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola. Lucas wrote and directed THX 1138 (1971), based on his earlier student short Electronic Labyrinth: THX 1138 4EB, which was a critical success but a financial failure. His next work as a writer-director was the film American Graffiti (1973), inspired by his youth in the early 1960s Modesto, California, and produced through the newly founded Lucasfilm. The film was critically and commercially successful and received five Academy Award nominations including Best Picture.\nLucas's next film, the epic space opera Star Wars (1977), had a troubled production but was a surprise hit, becoming the highest-grossing film at the time, winning six Academy Awards and sparking a cultural phenomenon. Lucas produced and co-wrote the sequels The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Return of the Jedi (1983). With director Steven Spielberg, he created, produced and co-wrote the Indiana Jones films Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), The Temple of Doom (1984), The Last Crusade (1989) and The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008). He also produced and wrote a variety of films and television series through Lucasfilm between the 1970s and the 2010s.\nIn 1997, Lucas rereleased the Star Wars Trilogy as part of a special edition featuring several alterations; home media versions with further changes were released in 2004 and 2011. He returned to directing with a Star Wars prequel trilogy comprising Star Wars: Episode I \u2013 The Phantom Menace (1999), Star Wars: Episode II \u2013 Attack of the Clones (2002), and Star Wars: Episode III \u2013 Revenge of the Sith (2005). He last collaborated on the CGI-animated television series Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008\u20132014, 2020), the war film Red Tails (2012), and the CGI film Strange Magic (2015).\nLucas is one of history's most financially successful filmmakers and has been nominated for four Academy Awards. His films are among the 100 highest-grossing movies at the North American box office, adjusted for ticket-price inflation. Lucas is considered a significant figure of the 20th-century New Hollywood movement.", "Q4249042": "Serhiy Vitaliiovych Kurchenko (Ukrainian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0456\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0301\u0440\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; born 21 September 1985) is a Ukrainian businessman and founder/owner of the group of companies \"Gas Ukraine 2009\" specializing in trading of liquefied natural gas. Kurchenko is also the former owner and president of FC Metalist Kharkiv and the Ukrainian Media Holding group. Kurchenko left Ukraine in February 2014 and his current whereabouts are unknown. Since the following month Kurchenko has been on the international wanted list. Since then his property and other assets have been arrested. Until the end of 2012 information about Kurchenko was scarce and it surfaced with a scandal around the sale of FC Metalist Kharkiv. In October 2017, a Ukrainian court confiscated Metalist Kharkiv from Kurchenko and placed it under state property.", "Q66438": "Bargen is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q2901566": "David Mor (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05d5\u05d3 \u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u200e, born 21 September 1941) is an Israeli businessman and former politician who briefly served as a member of the Knesset for Likud in 1988.", "Q2361332": "Su Shulin (Chinese: \u82cf\u6811\u6797; pinyin: S\u016b Sh\u00f9l\u00edn; born 14 March 1962) is a Chinese oil and gas executive and former politician. Between 2011 and 2015, he served as Governor of Fujian province, on China's eastern coast. Before beginning his political career, Su served as the Vice-President in the state-owned PetroChina Company Limited. He later became chief executive of Sinopec Group. In 2011, Su was named Governor of Fujian. He was investigated by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection in 2015 and subsequently expelled from the Communist Party of China for violating organizational discipline. He was sentenced to sixteen years in prison upon being convicted on charges of bribery and abuse of power.", "Q41087": "Raleigh (; RAH-lee) is the capital of the state of North Carolina and the seat of Wake County in the United States. Raleigh is the second-largest city in the state, after Charlotte. Raleigh is known as the \"City of Oaks\" for its many oak trees, which line the streets in the heart of the city. The city covers a land area of 142.8 square miles (370 km2). The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population as 469,298 as of July 1, 2018. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in the country. The city of Raleigh is named after Sir Walter Raleigh, who established the lost Roanoke Colony in present-day Dare County.\nRaleigh is home to North Carolina State University (NCSU) and is part of Research Triangle Park (RTP), together with Durham (home of Duke University and North Carolina Central University) and Chapel Hill (home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). The \"Triangle\" nickname originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park, located in Durham and Wake counties, among the three cities and their universities. The Research Triangle region encompasses the U.S. Census Bureau's Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area (CSA), which had an estimated population of 2,037,430 in 2013. The Raleigh metropolitan statistical area had an estimated population of 1,214,516 in 2013.\nMost of Raleigh is located within Wake County, with a very small portion extending into Durham County. The towns of Cary, Morrisville, Garner, Clayton, Wake Forest, Apex, Holly Springs, Fuquay-Varina, Knightdale, Wendell, Zebulon, and Rolesville are some of Raleigh's primary nearby suburbs and satellite towns.\nRaleigh is an early example in the United States of a planned city. Following the American Revolutionary War when the US gained independence, this was chosen as the site of the state capital in 1788 and incorporated in 1792 as such. The city was originally laid out in a grid pattern with the North Carolina State Capitol in Union Square at the center. During the American Civil War, the city was spared from any significant battle. It fell to the Union in the closing days of the war, and struggled with the economic hardships in the postwar period related to the reconstitution of labor markets, over-reliance on agriculture, and the social unrest of the Reconstruction Era. Following the establishment of the Research Triangle Park (RTP) in 1959, several tens of thousands of jobs were created in the fields of science and technology, and it became one of the fastest-growing communities in the United States by the early 21st century.", "Q1598922": "Herschel Burke Gilbert (April 20, 1918 \u2013 June 8, 2003) was a prolific orchestrator, musical supervisor, and composer of film and television scores and theme songs, including The Rifleman (starring Chuck Connors), Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater, and The Detectives Starring Robert Taylor. Gilbert once estimated that his compositions had been used in at least three thousand individual episodes of various television series.", "Q46930": "Khaled Mashal (Arabic: \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0644\u200e Kh\u0101lid Mash\u02bfal, Levantine Arabic: [xa\u02d0led me\u0283\u0295al], born 28 May 1956) is a Palestinian political leader and became the head of the Islamic Palestinian organization Hamas after the Israeli killing of Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi in 2004. He stepped down as Hamas' politburo chief at the end of his term limit in 2017.After the founding of Hamas in 1987, Mashal came to lead the Kuwaiti branch of the organization. He moved from Kuwait to Jordan in 1991. Following the expulsion of the Hamas leadership from Jordan in August 1999, Mashal lived in Qatar, before moving to the Syrian capital of Damascus in 2001. He returned to Qatar in 2012 as a result of the Syrian Civil War.", "Q4777429": "Antti V. R\u00e4is\u00e4nen (born 3 September 1950 in Pielavesi), is a Finnish scientist. He is the Professor and Head of the Department of Radio Science and Engineering in Aalto University (former Helsinki University of Technology). He is also the Director of SMARAD (The Center of Smart Radios and Wireless Research).R\u00e4is\u00e4nen received the Doctor of Science (Tech.) degree in Electrical Engineering from the Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Finland, in 1981. R\u00e4is\u00e4nen was appointed to the Professor Chair of Radio Engineering at TKK in 1989, after holding the same position in 1985 and 1987\u20131989. He has held visiting scientist and professor positions at the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory (FCRAO) and University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass), Amherst (1978\u20131981), at Chalmers University of Technology, G\u00f6teborg, Sweden (1983), at the Dept. of Physics, UC Berkeley (1984\u20131985), at JPL Caltech, Pasadena (1992\u20131993), and at Paris Observatory and University of Paris VI (2001\u20132002).\nR\u00e4is\u00e4nen is supervising research in millimeter-wave components, antennas, receivers, microwave measurements, etc. at TKK Dept. of Radio Science and Engineering and MilliLab (Millimetre Wave Laboratory of Finland - ESA External Laboratory). He has authored and co-authored more than 400 scientific or technical papers and six books, for instance, \"Radio Engineering for Wireless Communication and Sensor Applications\". Also he is involved in some courses related to those field in European School of Antennas.R\u00e4is\u00e4nen has been Conference Chairmen for several international microwave and millimeter wave conferences including the European Microwave Conference (EuMC) in 1992. In 1997, he was elected the Vice-Rector of TKK for the period of 1997\u20132000. He served as an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques from 2002 o 2005. He is a member of the Board of Director of the European Microwave Association (EuMA) for 2006\u20132008 and 2009\u20132011. He is a Fellow of the IEEE since 1994 for contribution to and leadership in millimeter-wave receiver technology.In 2009, R\u00e4is\u00e4nen has been awarded the Distinguished Achievement Award by AMTA (which is AMTA's most prestigious award) for his outstanding and pioneering contributions to the Theory, Practice and Art of Hologram-based Compact Antenna Test Ranges at Submillimeter Wavelengths.", "Q7435494": "Scotch-Irish (or Scots-Irish) Americans are American descendants of Ulster Protestants who migrated during the 18th and 19th centuries. In the 2017 American Community Survey, 5.39 million (1.7% of the population) reported Scottish ancestry, an additional 3 million (0.9% of the population) identified more specifically with Scotch-Irish ancestry, and many people who claim \"American ancestry\" may actually be of Scotch-Irish ancestry. The term Scotch-Irish is used primarily in the United States, with people in Great Britain or Ireland who are of a similar ancestry identifying as Ulster Scots people. These included 200,000 Scottish Presbyterians who settled in Ireland between 1608 and 1697. Many English-born settlers of this period were also Presbyterians, although the denomination is today most strongly identified with Scotland. When King Charles I attempted to force these Presbyterians into the Church of England in the 1630s, many chose to re-emigrate to North America where religious liberty was greater. Later attempts to force the Church of England's control over dissident Protestants in Ireland led to further waves of emigration to the trans-Atlantic colonies.", "Q268443": "Suso Cecchi D'Amico (21 July 1914 \u2013 31 July 2010) was an Italian screenwriter and actress. She won the 1980 David di Donatello Award for lifetime career. She worked with virtually all of the most celebrated post-war Italian film directors, and wrote or co-wrote many award-winning films\u2014among them:\nFranco Zeffirelli: The Taming of the Shrew, Brother Sun, Sister Moon\nLuchino Visconti: Bellissima, Rocco and His Brothers, Senso, Ludwig, The Leopard, Conversation Piece\nVittorio de Sica: Bicycle Thieves, Miracle in Milan\nMichelangelo Antonioni: Le Amiche\nMario Monicelli: Big Deal on Madonna Street, Risate di gioia, Casanova 70\nAlessandro Blasetti: Lucky to Be a Woman\nLuigi Zampa: L'onorevole Angelina, To Live in Peace\nFrancesco Rosi: Salvatore Giuliano\nLuigi Comencini: The Window to Luna Park\nAlberto Lattuada: Flesh Will SurrenderCecchi D'Amico wrote the libretto for Nino Rota's opera I due timidi and collaborated on the script of William Wyler's Roman Holiday. She was a member of the jury at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival. She was awarded the Golden Lion for lifetime achievement at the 1994 Venice film festival.", "Q1053668": "The Justicialist Party (Spanish: Partido Justicialista, IPA: [pa\u027e\u02c8ti\u00f0o xustisja\u02c8lista]), or PJ, is a Peronist political party in Argentina, and the largest component of the Peronist movement.Current president Alberto Fernandez belongs to the Justicialist Party. Former presidents Carlos Menem, Eduardo Duhalde, N\u00e9stor Kirchner and Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner have been elected from this party. Justicialists have been the largest party in the Congress covering nearly the entire period since 1987.\nThe Justicialist Party is the largest party in the Congress; however, this does not reflect the divisions within the party over the role of Kirchnerism, the left-wing populist faction of the party, which is opposed by the dissident Peronists, the right-wing conservative faction of the party, who run in different election lists.", "Q124183": "Alois Emanuel Biedermann (2 March 1819, M\u00fcnchhof near Bendlikon \u2013 25 January 1885, Z\u00fcrich) was a Swiss Protestant theologian. He was a prominent dogmatician of the so-called \"Young Hegelian\" school of thought, and an important advocate of \"free Christianity\" in Switzerland.He studied theology at the University of Basel as a pupil of Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette and Wilhelm Wackernagel, and where, with his good friend, Jacob Burckhardt, he tried his hand at poetry. In 1839 he relocated to the University of Berlin, where he was student of Wilhelm Vatke. At Berlin, he engaged himself in studies of works by Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. In addition to Schleiermacher and Hegel, another important influence was a contemporary, the German theologian David Friedrich Strauss.From 1843 to 1850 he served as pastor in the town of M\u00fcnchenstein, and during this time period (1845\u201350), with David Fries (1818\u20131875), he was editor of Kirche der Gegenwart, a publication of speculative-critical theology. In 1850, despite opposition from conservatives, he was named an associate professor of theology at the University of Z\u00fcrich. In 1860 he attained a full professorship of dogmatics at Z\u00fcrich.He was a member of the Schweizerischer Zofingerverein (Swiss Zofinger Society) and a participant in Alfred Escher's Mittwochsgesellschaft. From 1871 onward, he was active in cantonal politics, being a member of the liberal-conservative party.", "Q229379": "Kimberly Denise Jones (born July 11, 1974 or 1975), known professionally as Lil' Kim, is an American rapper and songwriter. Born and raised in Brooklyn, New York, she lived much of her adolescent life on the streets after being expelled from home. In her teens, Jones would freestyle rap, influenced by fellow female hip hop artists like MC Lyte and The Lady of Rage. In 1994, she was discovered by fellow rapper The Notorious B.I.G., who invited her to join his group Junior M.A.F.I.A.; their debut album, Conspiracy, generated two top 20 singles in the United States and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).\nLil' Kim's debut studio album, Hard Core (1996), was certified double platinum, has since sold more than 6 million copies worldwide, and spawned three successful singles: \"No Time\", \"Not Tonight (Ladies Night)\", and \"Crush on You\". Her following albums, The Notorious K.I.M. (2000) and La Bella Mafia (2003), were also certified platinum, making her the only female rapper besides Missy Elliott and Nicki Minaj to have at least three platinum-certified studio albums. In 2001, she was featured on the single \"Lady Marmalade\" (a remake of the 1974 hit single of the same name, originally recorded by LaBelle), alongside M\u00fda, Pink, and Christina Aguilera, which topped the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. The remake won two MTV Video Music Awards, including Video of the Year, and a Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals at the 44th Grammy Awards in 2002. Other notable singles from this period include \"The Jump Off\" and \"Magic Stick\", the latter of which reached number two on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.\nIn 2005, Lil' Kim served a one-year prison sentence for lying to a jury about her friends' involvement in a shooting four years earlier. During her incarceration, her fourth album, The Naked Truth, was released to positive reviews from critics; it remains the only album by a female rapper to be rated five mics out of five by The Source. A reality series covering her sentence, Lil' Kim: Countdown to Lockdown, premiered on BET in 2006. She released her first mixtape, Ms. G.O.A.T., in 2008 and returned to the public eye in 2009 with an appearance on Dancing with the Stars. Throughout the 2010s, she continued to release music and perform sporadically, collaborating with artists such as Faith Evans, Remy Ma, and Fabolous. Her fifth studio album, 9, was released in 2019.\nLil' Kim has sold more than 15 million albums and 30 million singles worldwide. Her songs \"No Time\", \"Big Momma Thang\", and \"Not Tonight (Ladies Night)\" were each listed on Complex's list of the 50 Best Rap Songs By Women. In 2012, Lil' Kim was listed on VH1's 100 Greatest Women In Music list at number 45, the second highest position for a solo female hip-hop artist. Lil' Kim was ranked as one of the top 50 greatest MCs of all time in Kool Moe Dee's 2003 book, There's a God on the Mic. Aside from music, Lil' Kim is also known for her risk-taking and luxurious approach to fashion that inspired many artists; she has been cited as a fashion icon.", "Q68415": "Shripad Narayan Pendse (5 January 1913 \u2013 24 March 2007) was a writer of several Marathi novels.", "Q231536": "Katherine Elizabeth Upton (born June 10, 1992) is an American model and actress. She first appeared in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue in 2011, and was the cover model for the 2012, 2013 and 2017 issues. In addition, she was the subject of the 100th-anniversary Vanity Fair cover.\nUpton has also appeared in the films Tower Heist (2011), The Other Woman (2014) and The Layover (2017).", "Q67726": "Andwil is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of St. Gallen in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q738929": "The Braxtons is an American musical quintet consisting of singer Toni Braxton and her sisters, Traci Braxton, Towanda Braxton, Trina Braxton, and Tamar Braxton. Despite being commercially unsuccessful, the group's first single, \"Good Life\", led to oldest sister Toni Braxton's solo career. All five members reunited in 2011 to star in the WE tv reality television series Braxton Family Values alongside their mother, Evelyn Braxton.\nIn October 2015, the group released the album Braxton Family Christmas.", "Q3418797": "Randall Matthew Batinkoff (born October 16, 1968) is an American actor, known for his roles in the films For Keeps, School Ties, and Higher Learning.", "Q1340874": "Michael Schopper (born 28 May 1942) is a German bass-baritone in opera and concert, and an academic teacher.\nMichael Schopper was educated with the Regensburger Domspatzen and studied on a scholarship of the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes church music and voice at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater M\u00fcnchen. He won a first prize of the ARD International Music Competition in 1968, which resulted in an international career. His operatic parts have included Osmin in Mozart's Die Entf\u00fchrung aus dem Serail, Ochs in Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss, and the Wagner parts Sachs in Die Meistersinger von N\u00fcrnberg, Daland in Der fliegende Holl\u00e4nder, and Wotan in Der Ring des Nibelungen.\nHe turned more to Lied and oratorio, with a focus on historically informed performances conducted by Philippe Herreweghe, Ton Koopman and Gustav Leonhardt, among others.On 23 June 1990 he was a soloist in the premiere of Wilfried Hiller's oratorio Schulamit at the festival Landshuter Hofmusiktage. In 2002 Schopper performed the part of Haman in a concert version of Handel's Esther at the Halle Handel Festival, with the Collegium Vocale Gent and La Stagione Frankfurt conducted by Michael Schneider.Schopper was a bass soloist in the first recording with period instruments of Bach's St Matthew Passion, conducted in 1970 by Nikolaus Harnoncourt, singing the chorus II parts. He recorded with the Salzburger Hofmusik Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach's oratorio Die Israeliten in der W\u00fcste. He recorded the part of Seneca in Monteverdi's L'incoronazione di Poppea with Ren\u00e9 Jacobs in 1990.Schopper is a professor of voice at the Richard Strauss Conservatory in Munich and at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Darstellende Kunst Frankfurt am Main.", "Q100035": "Franz Bernhard Heinrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Gaudy (19 April 1800 Frankfurt (Oder) \u2013 5 February 1840 Berlin) was a German poet and novelist.\nHis family came from Scotland. He got his education first in the Coll\u00e8ge Fran\u00e7ais in Berlin, then in Schulpforta. In 1818 he entered the Prussian army, but applied for his discharge in 1833 to pursue the life of a free writer. In 1833 and 1835 he traveled to Italy.\nIn his poems, he first imitated Heinrich Heine, later Pierre-Jean de B\u00e9ranger. After Gustav Schwabs retirement he was the editor of the Deutscher Musenalmanach(1839) along with Adelbert von Chamisso.", "Q321057": "Venus in Furs (Italian: Venere in pelliccia) (also known as Devil in the Flesh) is a 1969 Italian erotic drama film directed by Massimo Dallamano. Based on the novel Venus in Furs by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, the film was first released in 1969 in Germany under the title Venuz im pelz. In Italy, the film did not pass the censorship examination because of the sex scenes deemed too rough and all attempts to overcome the censorship's remarks, with various cut versions, were unsuccessful. The film was eventually released in 1973 under the title Venere nuda, but even this cut version was confiscated after a few days for contempt of decency. In 1975, the film was finally released in Italian cinemas under the title Le malizie di Venere, in a heavily censored version which was altered by a new editing and by the introduction of new scenes filmed by Paolo Heusch, which turned the film plot into a giallo. The new title was a specific reference to lead actress Laura Antonelli's box-office success in Malizia (1973).", "Q2076190": "Baron Peter von Uslar (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0440, Pjotr Karlovi\u010d Uslar) (1 September [O.S. 20 August] 1816 \u2014 (20 July [O.S. 9 July] 1875) was a Russian general, engineer and linguist of German descent, known for his research of languages and ethnography of peoples of Caucasus. \nPeter von Uslar was born in Kurovo manor in Tver Governorate, Russian Empire. Peter von Uslar after as graduated from the Chief Engineering School, he graduated from the General Staff Academy and did not have formal education in linguistics. \nIn 1850 he was appointed member of the Caucasus Department of the Russian Geographical Society and ordered to compile the history of Caucasus. This appointment had eventually led to his interest in researching of Caucasian languages and to his tremendous contribution into the recording of numerous Caucasian languages from various linguistic groups, such as Abkhaz, Ubykh, Svan, Chechen, Avar, Lak, Tabasaran, Lezgian, Dargin, etc.", "Q656982": "Bad Cannstatt, formerly just \"Cannstatt\" (until July 23, 1933) or \"Kannstadt\" (until 1900), is one of the outer stadtbezirke, or city districts, of Stuttgart in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. Bad Cannstatt is the oldest and most populous of Stuttgart's districts, and one of the most historically significant towns in the area of Stuttgart. The town is home to the Cannstatter Wasen and Cannstatter Volksfest beer festivals, the Mercedes-Benz Arena (VfB Stuttgart), the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle, and the Porsche-Arena.\n\n", "Q1207295": "Dez Paul Cadena (born June 2, 1961) is an American punk rock singer and guitarist. He was the third vocalist and later rhythm guitarist for hardcore punk band Black Flag from 1980 to 1983. Cadena played guitar with the Misfits from 2001 to 2015, initially joining the band alongside Doyle, Jerry Only and Robo for their 25th Anniversary Tour and has served as the band's longest tenured guitarist. He resides in Newark, New Jersey.", "Q62886": "Peter Norton (born November 14, 1943) is an American programmer, software publisher, author, and philanthropist. He is best known for the computer programs and books that bear his name and portrait. Norton sold his PC software business to Symantec Corporation in 1990.\n\n", "Q1665181": "The Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) is an independent professional association for civil engineers and a charitable body in the United Kingdom. Based in London, ICE has over 93,000 members, of whom three-quarters are located in the UK, while the rest are located in more than 150 other countries. The ICE aims to support the civil engineering profession by offering professional qualification, promoting education, maintaining professional ethics, and liaising with industry, academia and government. Under its commercial arm, it delivers training, recruitment, publishing and contract services. As a professional body, ICE aims to support and promote professional learning (both to students and existing practitioners), managing professional ethics and safeguarding the status of engineers, and representing the interests of the profession in dealings with government, etc. It sets standards for membership of the body; works with industry and academia to progress engineering standards and advises on education and training curricula.", "Q205693": "Opfergang (The Great Sacrifice or Rite of Sacrifice) is a 1944 German film directed by Veit Harlan. It is based on Rudolf G. Binding's work of the same title, with alterations for propaganda purposes.", "Q182744": "Saint-Quentin (French pronunciation: \u200b[s\u025b\u0303k\u0251\u0303t\u025b\u0303]; Picard: Saint-Kintin) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. It has been identified as the Augusta Veromanduorum of antiquity. It is named after Saint Quentin, who is said to have been martyred there in the 3rd century.", "Q3551383": "Bishop's University (French: Universit\u00e9 Bishop's) is a small liberal arts university in Lennoxville, a borough of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. It is one of three universities in the province of Quebec that teach primarily in English (the others being McGill University and Concordia University, both in Montreal). The university shares a campus with its neighbour, Champlain College Lennoxville, an English-language public college. It remains one of Canada's few primarily undergraduate universities, and is linked with three others in the Maple League. Established in 1843 as Bishop's College and affiliated with the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in 1853, the school remained under the Anglican church's direction from its founding until 1947. Since that time, the university has been a non-denominational institution. Bishop's University has graduated fifteen Rhodes Scholars. It is ranked number one in Canada for student satisfaction by Maclean's magazine.", "Q14910": "Schw\u00e4bisch Hall (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283v\u025b\u02d0b\u026a\u0283 \u02c8hal]; \"Swabian Hall\"), or Hall for short, is a town in the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg and capital of the district of Schw\u00e4bisch Hall. The town is located in the valley of the Kocher river in the north-eastern part of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.\nHall was a Free Imperial City for five centuries until it was annexed by W\u00fcrttemberg in 1802.\n\n", "Q52945": "Eric XIV (Swedish: Erik XIV; 13 December 1533 \u2013 26 February 1577) was King of Sweden from 1560 until he was deposed in 1568. Eric XIV was the oldest son of Gustav I (1496\u20131560) and Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg (1513\u201335). He was also ruler of Estonia, after its conquest by Sweden in 1561.\nWhile he has been regarded as intelligent and artistically skilled, as well as politically ambitious, early in his reign he showed signs of mental instability, a condition that eventually led to insanity. Some scholars claim that his illness began early during his reign, while others believe that it first manifested with the Sture murders.\nEric, having been deposed and imprisoned, was most likely murdered. An examination of his remains in 1958 confirmed that he probably died of arsenic poisoning.", "Q1016334": "Burk Uzzle (August 4, 1938 in Raleigh, North Carolina) is an American photojournalist, previously member of Magnum Photos and president from 1979 to 1980.\nBurk Uzzle (burkuzzle.com) has spent his life as a professional photographer. Initially grounded in documentary photography when he was the youngest contract photographer hired by Life magazine at age 23, his work continues to reflect the human condition. For sixteen years during the 1970s and 1980s, he was an active contributor to the evolution of Magnum and served as its President in 1979 and 1980. While affiliated with the cooperative, he produced the iconic and symbolic image of Woodstock (showing Nick Ercoline and Bobbi Kelly hugging), helped people grasp an understanding of the assassination and funeral of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, and powerfully projects comprehension of what it means to be an outsider - from Cambodian war refugees to disenfranchised populations without voice or agency to portraits of communities not identified on a roadmap.\nHis archive spans more than six decades and captures much of the history of analog and digital photography. His current bodies of work rest deep in issues of social justice. A dozen years ago, Uzzle returned to North Carolina and now lives and works in two century old industrial buildings located in downtown Wilson not far from where he was born. With the energy and determination of someone half his age, he wakes every morning at 5am, takes an hour to swiftly bike all over the town before the sun is up, and then gets to work. Disciplined, organized, and always open to ideas emboldened through keen intuition, Uzzle states with conviction that photography is his reason to breathe and what he sees is his muse.", "Q316823": "Petre Roman (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8petre \u02c8roman]; born 22 July 1946) is a Romanian engineer and politician who was Prime Minister of Romania from 1989 to 1991, when his government was overthrown by the intervention of the miners led by Miron Cozma. He was the first prime minister since 1945 who was not a Communist or fellow traveler. He was also the president of the Senate from 1996 to 1999 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1999 to 2000. He was leader of the Democratic Force party, which he founded after leaving the Democratic Party in 2003. Currently, he is an MP in the Lower Chamber, elected in 2012. He had been removed from his seat in 2015 after being charged by the National Integrity Agency with incompatibility, but restored to office in 2016 after the Court of Appeals overturned the ruling. He is also a member of the Club of Madrid, a group of more than 80 democratic former statesmen, which works to strengthen democratic governance and leadership.", "Q327426": "Sean Leslie Flynn (May 31, 1941 \u2013 April 6, 1970; declared legally dead in 1984) was an American actor and freelance photojournalist best known for his coverage of the Vietnam War.Flynn was the only child of Australian-American actor Errol Flynn and his first wife, French-American actress Lili Damita. After studying briefly at Duke University, he embarked on an acting career. He retired by the mid-1960s to become a freelance photojournalist under contract to Time.\nIn search of exceptional images, he traveled with special forces units and irregulars operating in remote areas. While on assignment in Cambodia in April 1970, Flynn and fellow photojournalist Dana Stone were captured by communist guerrillas. Neither man was seen or heard from again.\nIn 1984, Flynn's mother had him declared dead in absentia.", "Q262608": "Abel Ferrara (born July 19, 1951) is an American filmmaker, known for the provocative and often controversial content in his films, his use of neo-noir imagery and gritty urban settings. A long-time independent filmmaker, some of his best known films include Ms .45 (1981), King of New York (1990), Bad Lieutenant (1992) and The Funeral (1996).", "Q119564": "Carl Jaffe (21 March 1902 \u2013 12 April 1974) was a German actor. Jaffe trained on the stage in his native Hamburg, Kassel and Wiesbaden before moving to Berlin, where his career began to develop.\nIn 1933 Jaffe changed his stage name to Frank Alwar, but in 1936, with the situation for Jews in Germany rapidly deteriorating, he made the decision to migrate to the United Kingdom. He remained in the UK for the rest of his life and appeared in more than 50 films and many television productions.Throughout his British career he was almost invariably cast as German or Central European characters, usually in supporting roles, and often with a war, crime or espionage setting. His film roles include The Lion Has Wings, The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, Two Thousand Women, Operation Amsterdam and The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone. Jaffe's television credits included Danger Man, Dad's Army and Oh, Brother!.", "Q1387481": "Geoffrey Lyall (born May 30, 1949), better known as Klaus Flouride, is best known as the bassist and backing vocalist for the San Francisco, punk rock band Dead Kennedys from the group's inception in June 1978 until the band's break-up in December 1986. He also produced four solo albums during the 1980s and 1990s.", "Q1576145": "Jos\u00e9 Pastor L\u00f3pez Pineda (15 June 1944, Barquisimeto \u2013 5 April 2019, C\u00facuta), better known as \"El Indio Pastor\" (Pastor the Indian), was a Venezuelan singer-songwriter who worked primarily in the style of Cumbia.\n\n", "Q126958": "Herb Jeffries (born Umberto Alexander Valentino; September 24, 1913 \u2013 May 25, 2014) was an American actor of film and television and popular music and jazz singer-songwriter, known for his baritone voice.\nHe starred in several low-budget \"race\" Western feature films aimed at black audiences, Harlem on the Prairie (1937), Two-Gun Man from Harlem (1938), Rhythm Rodeo (1938), The Bronze Buckaroo (1939) and Harlem Rides the Range (1939). He also acted in several other films and television shows. During his acting career he was usually billed as Herbert Jeffrey (sometimes \"Herbert Jeffries\" or \"Herbert Jeffries, Sensational Singing Cowboy\").In the 1940s and 1950s Jeffries recorded for a number of labels, including RCA Victor, Exclusive, Coral, Decca, Bethlehem, Columbia, Mercury and Trend. His album Jamaica, recorded by RKO, is a concept album of self-composed calypso songs.\n\n", "Q2579732": "William Lewis Cabell (January 1, 1827 \u2013 February 21, 1911) was an was an American engineer, lawyer, businessman, and politician who served as the 14th, 16th and 20th mayor of Dallas (1874\u20131876, 1877\u20131879 and 1883\u20131885). Prior to that, he was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded infantry in the Western and Trans-Mississippi theaters of the American Civil War.", "Q205687": "I Am Dina is a 2002 Norwegian-Swedish-Danish film directed by Ole Bornedal. It is based on the 1989 book Dinas bok (Dina's Book) by Herbj\u00f8rg Wassmo. The movie was one of the most high-profile in Norwegian movie history.", "Q73747": "August Carl Eduard Baldamus (April 18, 1812 in Giersleben, Saxony-Anhalt \u2013 October 30, 1893 in Coburg) was a German ornithologist.\nAugust Baldamus studied theology at the University of Berlin. In 1859 he became Professor at the Gymnasium in K\u00f6then where he met Carl Andreas Naumann and his brother Johann Friedrich Naumann both ornithologists.\nIn 1849 he became Pastor in Diebzig, in 1859 moving to the same office in Osternienburg. He retired to Coburg in 1870.\nBaldamus was the founder of the Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft (German Ornithologists' Society) and published the ornithological journal Naumannia between 1849 and 1858.", "Q1821480": "Mike Summerbee (born 15 December 1942) is an English former footballer, who played in the successful Manchester City side of the late 1960s and early 1970s.\n\n", "Q52951": "Count Arvid Rutger Fredriksson Posse (15 February 1820 \u2013 24 April 1901) was the prime minister of Sweden from 1880 to 1883.", "Q235744": "Jean Hagen (born Jean Shirley Verhagen, August 3, 1923 \u2013 August 29, 1977) was an American actress best known for her role as Lina Lamont in Singin' in the Rain (1952), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Hagen was also nominated three times for an Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her role as Margaret Williams (1953\u201356) on the television series Make Room for Daddy.", "Q43684": "Henan (\u6cb3\u5357; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (\u4e2d\u5dde), which literally means \"central plain\" or \"midland\", although the name is also applied to the entirety of China proper. Henan is a birthplace of Chinese civilization, with over 3,000 years of recorded history, and remained China's cultural, economical and political center until approximately 1,000 years ago.\nHenan Province is home to many heritage sites which have been left behind, including the ruins of Shang dynasty capital city Yin and the Shaolin Temple. Four of the Eight Great Ancient Capitals of China, Luoyang, Anyang, Kaifeng and Zhengzhou, are located in Henan. The practice of tai chi also began in Chen Jia Gou Village (Chen style), as did the later Yang and Wu styles.Although the name of the province (\u6cb3\u5357) means \"south of the [Yellow] river\", approximately a quarter of the province lies north of the Yellow River, also known as the Huang He. With an area of 167,000 km2 (64,479 sq mi), Henan covers a large part of the fertile and densely populated North China Plain. Its neighboring provinces are Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui and Hubei. Henan is China's third most populous province with a population of over 94 million. If it were a country by itself, Henan would be the 14th most populous country in the world, ahead of Egypt and Vietnam.\nHenan is the 5th largest provincial economy of China and the largest among inland provinces. However, per capita GDP is low compared to other eastern and central provinces.\nHenan is considered to be one of the less developed areas in China economically. The economy continues to grow based on aluminum and coal prices, as well as agriculture, heavy industry, tourism, and retail. High-tech industries and service sector is underdeveloped and is concentrated around Zhengzhou and Luoyang.", "Q14904": "Hoyerswerda (German: [h\u0254\u028f\u0250s\u02c8v\u025b\u0281da]; Upper Sorbian: Wojerecy, [\u02c8\u03b2\u0254j\u025b\u0280\u025bts\u026a] (listen)) is a major district town in the district of Bautzen in the German state of Saxony. It is located in the Sorbian settlement area of Upper Lusatia, a region where some people speak the Sorbian language in addition to German.\nHoyerswerda is divided into the Old Town and the New Town surrounded by village areas. The Old Town is the historical centre with a lot of old houses and many sight-seeing attractions, the New Town is more modern and varicoloured. Prior to the renovation of the town, prefabricated apartment blocks predominated in this area.\nThe town has many lakes, marshes and waterways in its surrounding area, because of its situation in Lusatia. This brings many tourists to spend their holidays there. The place is also very attractive for cyclists and inline skaters who use recently created paths meandering among the lakes.", "Q179284": "Anna Komnene (Greek: \u1f0c\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd\u03ae, \u00c1nna Komn\u0113n\u1e17; 1 December 1083 \u2013 1153), commonly latinized as Anna Comnena, was a Byzantine princess, scholar, physician, hospital administrator, and historian. She was the daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and his wife Irene Doukaina. She is best known for her attempt to usurp her brother, John II Komnenos, and for her work The Alexiad, an account of her father's reign.At birth, Anna was betrothed to Constantine Doukas, and she grew up in his mother's household. She was well-educated in \"Greek literature and history, philosophy, theology, mathematics, and medicine.\" Anna and Constantine were next in the line to throne until Anna's younger brother, John II Komnenos, became the heir in 1092. Constantine died around 1094, and Anna married Nikephoros Bryennios in 1097. The two had several children before Nikephoros' death around 1136.Following her father\u2019s death in 1118, Anna and her mother attempted to usurp John II Komnenos. Her husband refused to cooperate with them, and the usurpation failed. As a result, John exiled Anna to the Kecharitomene monastery, where she spent the rest of her life.\n\nIn confinement there, she wrote the Alexiad.She died sometime in the 1150s; the exact date is unknown.\n\n", "Q74028": "Leonid Andrussow (28 November 1896 in Riga \u2013 15 December 1988 near Paris) was a German chemical engineer. He developed the process for the production of hydrogen cyanide based on the oxidation of ammonia and methane, which is named after him Andrussow oxidation.\n\n", "Q715111": "Rufus (born 19 December 1942) or Zio Vittorio is the stage name of Italian-French actor Jacques Narcy. He is best known to international film audiences for his performance as Rapha\u00ebl, the father of Am\u00e9lie Poulain in Am\u00e9lie (2001).", "Q360779": "Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New York, is the final resting place of numerous famous figures, including Washington Irving, whose story \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" is set in the adjacent burying ground at the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow. Incorporated in 1849 as Tarrytown Cemetery, the site posthumously honored Irving's request that it change its name to Sleepy Hollow Cemetery. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.", "Q1507970": "George Francis Musso (April 8, 1910 \u2013 September 5, 2000) was an American football lineman, playing both offensive guard and tackle as well as defensive middle guard. His twelve-year career in the National Football League (NFL) was spent entirely with the Chicago Bears.", "Q171800": "\u00c9vreux (French pronunciation: \u200b[ev\u0281\u00f8]) is a commune in and the capital of the department of Eure, in the French region of Normandy.", "Q5617792": "Gulliver's Travels is a 1977 British-Belgian film based on the 1726 novel of the same name by Jonathan Swift. It mixed live action and animation, and starred Richard Harris in the title role.", "Q65125": "Romanshorn is a municipality in the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q116643": "Christoffel Br\u00e4ndli (born 7 March 1943) is a Swiss politician, member of the Swiss Council of States. Member of the Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), he was elected to the Council of States in 1995 and was its President of the Council of States for the 2007/2008 term.\nBr\u00e4ndli was born 1943 in Vn\u00e0. He is married and father of three. \nHe studied at the University of St. Gallen, where he graduated in 1971. He was the member of diverse student organisations and a member of the AV Amicitia San Gallensis fraternity.\nFrom 1983 to 1995, Br\u00e4ndli was a member of the cantonal government of the Grisons.\n\n", "Q586919": "Mario Sentell Giden Mims (born May 17, 1981), known professionally as Yo Gotti, is an American rapper from Memphis, Tennessee. In 1996, Gotti released his debut album Youngsta's On a Come Up under the alias Lil Yo. He went on to release From Da Dope Game 2 Da Rap Game (2000), Self-Explanatory (2001), Life (2003), Back 2 da Basics (2006), Live from the Kitchen (2012), I Am (2013), The Art of Hustle (2016), I Still Am (2017) and Untrapped (2020).", "Q128975": "The Last Frontier is a 1955 American Western film directed by Anthony Mann and starring Victor Mature, Guy Madison, Robert Preston, and Anne Bancroft. The film is set during the American Civil War at an isolated army base at the far reaches of the American frontier, where the Indians still far outnumber the whites.\nThe Last Frontier was filmed in Technicolor and CinemaScope. On television, it has been shown retitled as Savage Wilderness.\n\n", "Q337621": "Joe Ma Tak-chung (simplified Chinese: \u9a6c\u5fb7\u949f; traditional Chinese: \u99ac\u5fb7\u9418; pinyin: M\u01ce D\u00e9zh\u014dng; Jyutping: maa5 dak1 zung1; born 27 June 1968) is a Hong Kong TVB actor. He was a policeman before he joined the Hong Kong entertainment industry in 1993. He was a member of the elite G4.Ma is one of a few Hong Kong actors who are former members of Hong Kong discipline or colonial services.", "Q204599": "Jurgis Bielinis (1846\u20131918) was one of the main organizers of the illegal book-smuggling at the time of the Lithuanian press ban (1864\u20131904). Bielinis is informally referred to as the King of Book Smugglers. Since 1989, Bielinis's birthday (16 March) is commemorated as the Day of Book Smugglers (Knygne\u0161io diena).\nAround 1885 Bielinis founded the Gar\u0161viai Book Smuggling Society. They purchased large quantities of Lithuanian publications in East Prussia, smuggled them across the Prussia\u2013Russia border, and distributed across Lithuania reaching as far as Riga and Jelgava in present-day Latvia. The Gar\u0161viai Society avoided more serious legal troubles for almost a decade. Bielinis evaded police capture and continued to smuggle books living a nomadic lifestyle \u2013 he continuously moved from one sympathetic Lithuanian family to another, never staying too long at one location. Active as a book smuggler for 32 years, Bielinis was arrested five times but never tried or sentenced and developed a folk hero reputation for his ability to outsmart the police. \nHe has published three issues of newspaper Baltasis erelis (The White Eagle) in 1897, 1911, and 1912, several booklets, and a few articles in the Lithuanian press including Au\u0161ra, Varpas, \u016akininkas, T\u0117vyn\u0117s sargas, Vienyb\u0117 lietuvnink\u0173 Lietuvos \u016bkininkas, Vilniaus \u017einios. His main area of interest was the various injustices suffered by the Lithuanian serfs and peasants at the hands of the large landowners. In 1897, he published a history of Lithuania using the text by Simonas Daukantas up to year 1201 and then adding his own text.", "Q1099175": "Randall Clay Blaker (born June 27, 1950) is an American country musician, singer-songwriter, and producer based in Texas for most of his career. His songs have been recorded by many other artists, including George Strait, Tim McGraw, The Derailers, LeAnn Rimes, Doug Sahm, Johnny Mathis and Barbra Streisand. Blaker has also been a popular regional entertainer and has released several albums of his own material with his band, the Texas Honky-Tonk Band.", "Q741540": "Faron Young (February 25, 1932 \u2013 December 10, 1996) was an American country music singer and songwriter from the early 1950s into the mid-1980s and one of its most successful and colorful stars. Hits including \"If You Ain't Lovin' (You Ain't Livin')\" and \"Live Fast, Love Hard, Die Young\" marked him as a honky-tonk singer in sound and personal style; and his chart-topping singles \"Hello Walls\" and \"It's Four in the Morning\" showed his versatility as a vocalist. Known as the Hillbilly Heartthrob, and following a movie role, the Young Sheriff, Young's singles reliably charted for more than 30 years. He committed suicide in 1996. Young is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q464036": "The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1966 and 1971, with reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed. Their original line-up consisted of the American actor/musicians Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith, and Peter Tork with English actor/singer Davy Jones. The group was conceived in 1965 by television producers Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider specifically for the situation comedy series The Monkees, which aired from 1966 to 1968. The band's music was initially supervised by record producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.\nThe four actor/musicians were initially allowed only limited roles in the recording studio for the first few months of their five-year career as \"the Monkees\". This was due in part to the amount of time required to film the television series. Nonetheless, Nesmith composed and produced some songs from the beginning, and Tork contributed limited guitar work on the sessions produced by Nesmith. All four contributed lead vocals to various tracks. They eventually fought for the right to collectively supervise all musical output under the band's name, acting as actors, musicians, singers, songwriters, and producers.\nFollowing the television show's cancellation in 1968, the Monkees continued to record music until 1971, after which the group broke up. A revival of interest in the television show came in 1986, which led to a series of reunion tours and new records. The group has reunited and toured several times since then with different line-ups (but always containing Micky Dolenz and at least one of the other original members) and with varying degrees of success. Jones died in February 2012 and Tork died in February 2019. Dolenz and Nesmith remain active members of the group.\nDolenz described The Monkees as initially being \"a TV show about an imaginary band... that wanted to be the Beatles that was never successful\". Ironically, the success of the show led to the actor-musicians becoming one of the most successful bands of the 1960s. The Monkees have sold more than 75 million records worldwide making them one of the biggest selling groups of all time with international hits, including \"Last Train to Clarksville\", \"Pleasant Valley Sunday\", \"Daydream Believer\", and \"I'm a Believer\". Newspapers and magazines reported that the Monkees outsold the Beatles and the Rolling Stones combined in 1967, but Nesmith admitted in his autobiography Infinite Tuesday that it was a lie that he told a reporter.", "Q365601": "Paul de Vivie, who wrote as V\u00e9locio (April 29, 1853\u2013 February 27, 1930), was the publisher of Le Cycliste, a developer and early champion of derailleur gears, and father of French bicycle touring and randonneuring.", "Q718435": "Bertie Charles Forbes (; May 14, 1880 \u2013 May 6, 1954) was a Scottish-born American financial journalist and author who founded Forbes magazine.", "Q302842": "From Beginning to End (Portuguese: Do Come\u00e7o ao Fim) is a 2009 Brazilian romantic drama film directed by Aluizio Abranches, starring F\u00e1bio Assun\u00e7\u00e3o, J\u00falia Lemmertz, Gabriel Kaufmann, Lucas Cotrim, Jo\u00e3o Gabriel Vasconcellos and Rafael Cardoso. It premiered in Brazil on November 27, 2009. The film deals with homosexuality and incest, two types of relationships that are often considered to be taboos. Abranches claims that his only intention was to tell a love story.\nThe release of the film in Brazil, with only nine copies, was seen by almost 100,000 spectators, leading the film to be on the list of the top 10 most watched Brazilian films of 2009. It was shown in more than 30 national and international festivals, and it was also commercialized in more than 30 countries. In 2010 it was released in DVD in Brazil with success. In France, after a very successful premiere in the cinemas, the first edition of the DVD and Blu-ray was sold out in less than two weeks, and it became a best seller internationally through websites such as Fnac and Amazon.", "Q987724": "Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Ver\u00e1stegui C\u00f3rdoba (Spanish pronunciation: [e\u02c8\u00f0wa\u027e\u00f0o \u03b2e\u02c8\u027easte\u0263i]; born May 21, 1974) is a Mexican actor, model and singer. He was part of band Kairo and later a solo music career, before he started appearing in Mexican telenovelas and eventually feature films like Chasing Papi, Bella, and Little Boy, the latter two produced by his own production company, Metanoia.", "Q1052562": "Cedars-Sinai Medical Center is a non-profit, tertiary 886-bed hospital and multi-specialty academic health science center located in the Mid-City West area of Los Angeles, California. Part of the Cedars-Sinai Health System, the hospital employs a staff of over 2,000 physicians and 10,000 employees. A team of 2,000 volunteers and more than 40 community groups support.Cedars-Sinai focuses on biomedical research and technologically advanced medical education\u2014based on an interdisciplinary collaboration between physicians and clinical researchers. The facility has research centers covering cardiovascular, genetics, gene therapy, gastroenterology, neuroscience, immunology, surgery, organ transplantation, stem cells, biomedical imaging and cancer\u2014with more than 800 research projects underway (led by 230 principal investigators).Certified as a level I trauma center for adults and pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai trauma-related services range from prevention to rehabilitation and are provided in concert with the hospital's Department of Surgery. Cedars-Sinai is affiliated with the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California (USC) and David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).\nAs of 2019, U.S. News & World Report ranked Cedars-Sinai #3 in the western United States, with number one being Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center. Cedars-Sinai also earned national rankings in 12 adult specialties including:\n-Cancer (No. 12)\n-Cardiology and Heart Surgery (No. 3)\n-Diabetes and Endocrinology (No. 16)\n-Ear, Nose and Throat (No. 38)\n-Gastroenterology and GI Surgery (No. 2)\n-Geriatrics (No. 12)\n-Gynecology (No. 8)\n-Nephrology (No. 10)\n-Neurology and Neurosurgery (No. 12)\n-Orthopaedics (No. 3)\n-Pulmonology (No. 4)\n-Urology (No. 12)\n Located in the Harvey Morse Auditorium, Cedars-Sinai's patient care is depicted in the Jewish Contributions to Medicine mural. The heart transplantation program at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center has experienced unprecedented growth since 2010.", "Q125289": "Klaus Baumgartner (21 December 1937 \u2013 10 December 2015) was a Swiss politician.", "Q717706": "J\u00f3zsef R\u00e9vai (born J\u00f3zsef Lederer; 12 October 1898 in Budapest \u2013 4 August 1959 in Budapest), Hungarian communist politician.\nHe was born to a Jewish family, he was one of the founders of the Communist Party of Hungary (Kommunist\u00e1k Magyarorsz\u00e1gi P\u00e1rtja; KMP) in 1918. He lived in the Soviet Union between 1934 and 1944. From 11 May to 27 September 1945 R\u00e9vai was a member of the High National Council. Between 1945 and 1950 he was chief editor of Szabad N\u00e9p (\"Free People\").\nHe controlled all aspects of Hungary's cultural life from 1948 until 1953; from 1949 he was also the Minister of Culture. After 1953 his influence decreased.\nBetween 1945\u20131956 he was a member of the Central Committee of his party, which was renamed in 1948 to Hungarian Working People's Party (Magyar Dolgoz\u00f3k P\u00e1rtja; MDP) after merging with the Hungarian Social Democratic Party (Magyarorsz\u00e1gi Szoci\u00e1ldemokrata P\u00e1rt, MSZDP). He was the member of the Political Committee (1945\u20131953; 1956). After the Workers' Party was dissolved and the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party took over its role as the ruling Communist party, R\u00e9vai became a member of the new party's Central Committee in 1957. He was vice-president to the Presidential Committee between 1953\u20131958.", "Q2933": "Asunci\u00f3n (UK: , US: , Spanish: [asun\u02c8sjon]) is the capital and largest city of Paraguay.\nThe city is located on the left bank of the Paraguay River, almost at the confluence of this river with the River Pilcomayo, on the South American continent. The Paraguay River and the Bay of Asunci\u00f3n in the northwest separate the city from the Occidental Region of Paraguay and Argentina in the south part of the city. The rest of the city is surrounded by the Central Department. \nThe city is an autonomous capital district, not a part of any department. The metropolitan area, called Gran Asunci\u00f3n, includes the cities of San Lorenzo, Fernando de la Mora, Lambar\u00e9, Luque, Mariano Roque Alonso, \u00d1emby, San Antonio, Limpio, Capiat\u00e1 and Villa Elisa, which are part of the Central Department. The Asunci\u00f3n metropolitan area has around two million inhabitants. The Municipality of Asunci\u00f3n is listed on the Asunci\u00f3n Stock Exchange, as BVPASA: MUA.\nAsunci\u00f3n is one of the oldest cities in South America and the longest continually inhabited area in the R\u00edo de la Plata Basin; for this reason it is known as \"the Mother of Cities\". From Asunci\u00f3n the colonial expeditions departed to found other cities, including the second foundation of Buenos Aires and other important cities such as Villarrica, Corrientes, Santa Fe and Santa Cruz de la Sierra.\nAsunci\u00f3n is considered a 'Gamma City' by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. It is the home of the national government, principal port, and the chief industrial and cultural center of the country. Near Asunci\u00f3n are the headquarters of the CONMEBOL, the continental governing body of association football in South America. Asunci\u00f3n is said to be one of the cheapest cities in the world for foreign visitors.", "Q267764": "Paul Duane Beauregard, (born January 12, 1977) better known by his stage name DJ Paul, is an American rapper, record producer, DJ, songwriter and entrepreneur from Memphis, Tennessee. He is a founding member of hip-hop group Three 6 Mafia and the younger brother of the late rapper Lord Infamous.\nDJ Paul started his career in the late 1980s as a DJ and released a number of solo tapes, as well as three collaboration albums with Lord Infamous as The Serial Killaz. Juicy J was introduced and the three founded the group Three 6 Mafia, going on to achieve national success in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Their 2000 album, When the Smoke Clears: Sixty 6, Sixty 1, debuted at number six on the Billboard 200 chart and was certified platinum. Later followed by Da Unbreakables in 2003 and Most Known Unknown in 2005, both of which were commercially successful. In 2006, DJ Paul, Juicy J, Crunchy Black, and Frayser Boy won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"It's Hard out Here for a Pimp\" from the film Hustle & Flow. Paul has also released three solo albums, and created soundtracks to two movies. He and the rest of Three 6 Mafia are known as the originators of the crunk style of music.Aside from music, DJ Paul has been involved in a variety of business ventures, including film production and real estate. He founded his own record label Scale-A-Ton Entertainment, co-owns the fashion wear line Dangerus / Skandulus, has a collection of BBQ seasonings and is the spokesman for a legal version of the drink Sizzurp. In 2018, he co-produced the track \"Talk Up\" featuring JAY-Z off Drake's 5th studio album, Scorpion.", "Q3920695": "Anna Boleslavovna Missuna (12 November 1868 \u2013 1922) was a Russian-born Polish geologist, mineralogist, and paleontologist.", "Q462447": "Lethal Weapon is a 1987 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Richard Donner, and produced by Joel Silver, and written by Shane Black. It stars Mel Gibson and Danny Glover alongside Gary Busey, Tom Atkins, Darlene Love, and Mitchell Ryan. In Lethal Weapon, a pair of mismatched LAPD detectives \u2013 Martin Riggs (Gibson), a former Green Beret who has become suicidal following the death of his wife, and Roger Murtaugh (Glover), a 50-year-old veteran of the force \u2013 work together as partners.\nThe film was released on March 6, 1987. Upon its release, Lethal Weapon grossed over $120 million (against a production budget of $15 million) and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Sound. It spawned a franchise that includes three sequels and a television series.", "Q442797": "Gitte H\u00e6nning (born 29 June 1946, in \u00c5rhus, Denmark) is a Danish singer and film actress, who rose to fame as a child star in the 1950s.Because her name was unusual, she was known primarily without a surname in Europe. She moved to Sweden in 1958. Her first hit in Swedish was \"Tror du jag ljuger\" from 1961. As a teenager, Gitte sang popular hits in German, English, Italian (4 songs: \"Amo Johnny\", \"Parla\", \"La mela\", and \"Il ricordo\", recorded on two singles), and Danish. She had five different number one hits in three countries: one in Denmark, two in Sweden, and two in Germany. Her first German number one song was \"Ich will 'nen Cowboy als Mann\". This recording sold 1.05 million copies by mid 1965, earning Gitte a gold disc.In 1962 she attempted to compete for Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest with \"Jeg Snakker med mig Selv\", but was disqualified because the composer, Sejr Volmer-S\u00f8rensen, had whistled the song in the canteen of the Danish Broadcasting Corporation. In 1973 she competed for Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"Junger Tag\". Her success continued after famous duets with Rex Gildo as 'Gitte & Rex' in a number of popular films. Gitte made an attempt to represent Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1978 with the song \"Rien qu'une femme\" but she lost out to the group Baccara.\nIn the 1960s she also starred in several music and drama movies and on TV in Germany, Denmark, and Sweden.\nGitte was among the most popular Schlager (hit music) singers of the post-war era, and continued to be popular in Germany and Denmark even as American music increasingly dominated the airwaves in the 1970s. Surprisingly at the time, she recorded a jazz album with The Kenny Clarke-Francy Boland Big Band in 1968. Through the ensuing decades her singles have still reached the German charts, but never with the same success she enjoyed in the 1960s. In the 1980s, she changed her image and performed more adult-oriented music. She won some awards as a singer/entertainer. Her chart entries ended in the mid 1980s, but she has continued to be a successful live performer to the present day. A number of compilation albums have been recently released in Germany, among them a biographical DVD.\nFrom 2004 to 2006 she starred with two other Scandinavian entertainers, Wenche Myhre and Siw Malmkvist, in a huge stage and tour success. The live CD recording of their show entered the German charts. In 2010 she presented a new CD, which also had a German chart entry.\nShe had her first chart entry in 1960 in Sweden and her last in 2010 in Germany.\n\n", "Q68401": "Cadro is quarter of the city of Lugano and a former municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Certara, Cimadera, Valcolla and Sonvico merged into the city of Lugano.", "Q335036": "Alter Bridge is an American rock band from Orlando, Florida. The band was formed in 2004 by vocalist/rhythm guitarist Myles Kennedy, lead guitarist Mark Tremonti, bassist Brian Marshall and drummer Scott Phillips. After their former band Creed became inactive in 2003, Tremonti and Phillips formed a new band with former bandmate Marshall and new member Kennedy; Alter Bridge was formally unveiled in January 2004, months before Creed's official breakup in June.\nAfter signing with Wind-up Records, Alter Bridge released its debut album One Day Remains in August 2004, much of which was written by Tremonti the previous year. The album reached No. 5 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and, despite mixed reviews, was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in November 2004. This was followed in October 2007 by the more positively reviewed Blackbird, which marked the beginning of a long partnership between the band and producer Michael Baskette. The album reached No. 13 in the U.S. and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry.\nFollowing continued activities with the members' other bands and side projects, Alter Bridge released AB III in October 2010, which achieved critical acclaim and commercial success on Roadrunner Records, with the album's lead single \"Isolation\" topping the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart. Alter Bridge released Fortress to further acclaim in September 2013, as the band's members continued splitting their time between various projects. The Last Hero followed on Napalm Records in October 2016, becoming the band's first album since its debut to reach the top ten of the Billboard 200, and its first to reach the top five of the UK Albums Chart. Alter Bridge's sixth studio album, Walk the Sky, was released in October 2019.", "Q68367": "Aesch (sometimes written as Aesch BL in order to distinguish it from other \"Aesches\"; Swiss German: \u00c4\u00e4sch) is a village (though it is statistically a town) and a municipality in the canton of Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland. Almost all of its area is located on the left, western bank of the Birs and is a suburb of Basel.\nThe Neolithic gravesite in the Gmeiniwald is listed as a heritage site of national significance.The official language of Aesch is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q711411": "Nicholas Lanier, sometimes Laniere (baptised at Greenwich 10 September 1588 \u2013 buried 24 February 1666) was an English composer and musician; the first to hold the title of Master of the King's Music from 1625 to 1666, an honour given to musicians of great distinction. He was the court musician, a composer and performer and Groom of the Chamber in the service of King Charles I and Charles II. He was also a singer, lutenist, scenographer and painter.", "Q152767": "Brad Barron Renfro (July 25, 1982 \u2013 January 15, 2008) was an American actor. Renfro made his film debut at the age of 11 with a starring role in The Client (1994), and went on to appear in 21 feature films. \nPrior to being cast in The Client, Renfro had no acting background and was living with his grandmother in a trailer park. Director Joel Schumacher wanted to cast a \"tough kid\" who had the necessary life experience to understand the character he would portray. Renfro soon attracted a large fanbase as he continued to star in movies like Tom and Huck and Sleepers. Beginning in the late 1990s, Renfro had difficulties in his private life, including a series of arrests and stints in drug treatment. He died from an overdose of heroin and morphine at the age of 25.", "Q434167": "Kenneth Robert Wilson (born September 28, 1965), better known by his stage name Ginger Fish, is an American drummer primarily known for playing drums for Marilyn Manson from 1995\u20132011. Like Marilyn Manson, which combines the names of an iconic beauty with a serial killer, his name combines those of Ginger Rogers and Albert Fish.He is now the drummer for Rob Zombie after previously joining him on a series of warm up dates in February 2011.", "Q21001": "Moon Jae-in (Korean: \ubb38\uc7ac\uc778; Hanja: \u6587\u5728\u5bc5; Korean pronunciation: [mund\u0291\u025bin] or [munt\u0361\u0255\u025bin]; born January 24, 1953) is a South Korean politician serving as President of South Korea since 2017. He was elected after the impeachment of Park Geun-hye as the candidate of the Democratic Party of Korea.A former student activist, human rights lawyer and chief of staff to then-president Roh Moo-hyun, Moon served as leader of Democratic Party of Korea (2015\u20132016) and a member of the 19th National Assembly (2012\u20132016). He was also a candidate for the Democratic United Party in the 2012 presidential election in which he lost narrowly to Park Geun-hye.\nAs president, Moon Jae-in has met with North Korean chairman Kim Jong-un at inter-Korean summits in April, May, and September 2018, making him the third South Korean president to meet their North Korean counterpart. On June 30, 2019, Moon met with both North Korean chairman Kim Jong-un and United States president Donald Trump at the Korean Demilitarized Zone.\n\n", "Q2939953": "Commandant Caroline Aigle (French pronunciation: [ka\u0281\u0254lin \u025b\u0261l] (listen)) (12 September 1974 \u2013 21 August 2007) was a French aviator who achieved a historical first when, at the age of 25, she became the first woman fighter pilot in the French Air Force. Her promising military career was cut short by death from cancer seven years later. She was posthumously awarded the M\u00e9daille de l'A\u00e9ronautique (Aeronautics Medal).", "Q67054": "Barthold Heinrich Brockes (September 22, 1680 \u2013 January 16, 1747) was a German poet.\n\nHe was born in Hamburg and educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums. He studied jurisprudence at Halle, and after extensive travels in Italy, France and the Netherlands, settled in Hamburg in 1704. In 1720 he was appointed a member of the Hamburg senate, and entrusted with several important offices. Six years (from 1735 to 1741) he spent as Amtmann (bailiff) at Ritzeb\u00fcttel. He died in Hamburg.\nBrockes' poetic works were published in a series of nine volumes under the fantastic title Irdisches Vergn\u00fcgen in Gott (1721\u20131748); he also translated Giambattista Marino's La Strage degli innocenti (1715), Alexander Pope's Essay on Man (1740) and James Thomson's The Seasons (1745). His poetry has small intrinsic value, but it is symptomatic of the change which came over German literature at the beginning of the 18th century. His libretto Der f\u00fcr die S\u00fcnden der Welt gemarterte und sterbende Jesus (1712), also known as the Brockes Passion, was one of the first passion oratorios\u2014a free, poetic meditation on the passion. It was quite popular and was set to music by Reinhard Keiser (1712), Georg Philipp Telemann (1716), George Frideric Handel (1716), Johann Mattheson (1718), Johann Friedrich Fasch (1723), Gottfried Heinrich St\u00f6lzel (1725), and Johann Caspar Bachofen (1759), among others.\n\nHe was one of the first German poets to substitute for the bombastic imitations of Marini, to which he himself had begun by contributing, a clear and simple diction. He was also a pioneer in directing the attention of his countrymen to the new poetry of nature which originated in England. His verses, artificial and crude as they often are, express a reverential attitude towards nature and a religious interpretation of natural phenomena which was new to German poetry and prepared the way for Klopstock.", "Q78174": "Boy Lornsen (7 August 1922 \u2013 26 July 1995) was a German sculptor and author of children's literature, writing both in Standard German and in Platt.\nLornsen served as pilot and radio operator in the German Luftwaffe during World War II. After the war, he was educated as a sculptor at Hanover. He worked as a sculptor into the 1960s.\nIn 1967, he published his first children's book, about a boy who helps a robot with his homework, Robbi, Tobbi und das Fliewat\u00fc\u00fct. The book was a success, and was adapted for television in 1972. Lornsen was a member of P.E.N. from 1981.\nLornsen's books were translated into numerous languages, including Greek, Japanese and Norwegian. In 1980, his Jakobus Nimmersatt was adapted by Japan's Nippon Animation studio into a TV special, Nodoka Mori no Dobutsu Daisakusen (The Great Plan of the Animals of Placid Forest), directed by Yoshio Kuroda; the special was released in English under two different titles, Back to the Forest and Peter of Placid Forest.\nPaul the Octopus was named after one of his poems: Der Tintenfisch Paul Oktopus.", "Q433608": "Bruce McCandless II (June 8, 1937 \u2013 December 21, 2017) was a U.S. naval officer and aviator, electrical engineer, and NASA astronaut. In 1984, during the first of his two Space Shuttle missions, he completed the first untethered spacewalk by using the Manned Maneuvering Unit.", "Q77247": "Duke William II of Bavaria-Straubing KG (5 April 1365\u201431 May 1417) was also count William VI of Holland, count William IV of Hainaut and count William V of Zeeland. He ruled from 1404 until 1417, when he died from an infection caused by a dog bite. William was a son of Albert I and Margaret of Brieg.", "Q1384822": "Paul Montgomery Shore (born February 1, 1968) is an American actor, comedian and filmmaker best known for his roles in several comedy films in the 1990s. Shore began as a stand up comedian at the age of 17, before becoming an MTV VJ in 1989. This led to a starring role in comedy film Encino Man in 1992 which was a modest hit. Roles in other films followed, including Son in Law (1993) and Bio-Dome (1996).", "Q31212": "The Seventh Victim is a 1943 American horror film noir directed by Mark Robson and starring Tom Conway, Jean Brooks, Isabel Jewell, Kim Hunter, and Hugh Beaumont. Written by DeWitt Bodeen and Charles O'Neal, and produced by Val Lewton for RKO Radio Pictures, the film focuses on a young woman who stumbles on an underground cult of devil worshippers in Greenwich Village, New York City, while searching for her missing sister. It marks Robson's directorial debut and was Hunter's first onscreen role.\nO'Neal had written the script as a murder mystery, set in California, that followed a woman hunted by a serial killer. Bodeen revised the script, basing the story on a Satanic society he had encountered in New York City. Filming took place over 24 days in May 1943 at RKO Studios in Los Angeles.\nReleased on August 21, 1943, the film failed to garner significant income at the box office and received mixed reviews from critics, who found its narrative incoherence a primary fault. It was later revealed that Robson and an editor, John Lockert, had removed four substantial scenes from the final cut, including an extended conclusion. In spite of its mixed reception, the film became a cult film in England, noted by critics for its homoerotic undertones.", "Q362608": "Luis Fern\u00e1ndez Guti\u00e9rrez (born 29 September 1972) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a left back.\nIn a professional career which spanned almost 20 years, he was best known for his spell at Betis (also represented Racing de Santander), in which he played one full decade.", "Q61425": "Ferdinand Gregorovius (19 January 1821, Neidenburg, East Prussia, Kingdom of Prussia \u2013 1 May 1891, Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria) was a German historian who specialized in the medieval history of Rome.", "Q454693": "Henkie Waldschmidt or Henki Waldschmidt (born 28 June 1988 in Den Haag) is a Dutch racing driver. He has competed in such series as Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 and the Formula Three Euroseries.\nHe started his racing career in 1995. In 2006 he joined the Young Drivers Program for the Toyota Formula One team. In December 2008 he had his first experience in testing a Toyota Formula One car.", "Q1086733": "Christopher Herrick is an English organist.", "Q444480": "Elizabeth Bogush (born September 24, 1977, in Perth Amboy, New Jersey) is an American actress. She has appeared in the main cast or regular recurring cast of a few short-lived television series, including Titans, The Mountain and October Road, but has many other appearances as a guest-star in episodes of other series, including Scrubs, Beverly Hills, 90210, Felicity, Everybody Loves Raymond and The Big Bang Theory. Bogush has appeared in commercials for the text messaging service KGB.", "Q69079": "Scuol (Romansh: [\u02c8\u0283ku\u0254\u032fl] (listen)) is a municipality in the Engiadina Bassa/Val M\u00fcstair Region in the Swiss canton of Grisons. The official language in Scuol is Romansh. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Ardez, Guarda, Tarasp, Ftan and Sent merged into Scuol.", "Q213783": "Franz Josef von Gerstner (German: Franz Josef von Gerstner, Czech: Franti\u0161ek Josef Gerstner; 23 February 1756 \u2013 25 July 1832) was a German-Bohemian physicist and engineer.\n\n", "Q713206": "Vannoccio Biringuccio, sometimes spelt Vannocio Biringuccio (c. 1480 \u2013 c. 1539), was an Italian metallurgist. He is best known for his manual on metalworking, De la pirotechnia, published posthumously in 1540.\n\n", "Q1017758": "Douglas Trendle (born 6 September 1958), better known as Buster Bloodvessel, is an English pop musician, who is the singer/frontman of the ska revival band Bad Manners. His stage name was taken from the bus conductor played by Ivor Cutler in the Beatles' 1967 film Magical Mystery Tour.", "Q33405": "Little Rock is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As the county seat of Pulaski County, the city was incorporated on November 7, 1831, on the south bank of the Arkansas River close to the state's geographic center. The city derives its name from a rock formation along the river, named the \"Little Rock\" (French: La Petite Roche) by the French explorer Jean-Baptiste B\u00e9nard de la Harpe in the 1720s. The capital of the Arkansas Territory was moved to Little Rock from Arkansas Post in 1821. The city's population was 197,881 in 2018 according to the United States Census Bureau. The six-county Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is ranked 78th in terms of population in the United States with 738,344 residents according to the 2017 estimate by the United States Census Bureau.Little Rock is a cultural, economic, government, and transportation center within Arkansas and the South. Several cultural institutions are in Little Rock, such as the Arkansas Arts Center, the Arkansas Repertory Theatre, and the Arkansas Symphony Orchestra, in addition to hiking, boating, and other outdoor recreational opportunities. Little Rock's history is available through history museums, historic districts or neighborhoods like the Quapaw Quarter, and historic sites such as Little Rock Central High School. The city is the headquarters of Dillard's, Windstream Communications, Acxiom, Stephens Inc., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Heifer International, Winrock International, the Clinton Foundation, and the Rose Law Firm. Other corporations, such as Dassault Falcon Jet, LM Wind Power, Simmons Bank, Euronet Worldwide, AT&T, and Entergy have large operations in the city. State government is a large employer, with many offices downtown. Two major Interstate highways, Interstate 30 and Interstate 40, meet in Little Rock, with the Port of Little Rock serving as a shipping hub.", "Q460536": "Timothy Robert Commerford (born February 26, 1968) is an American musician, best known as the bassist and backing vocalist for the American rock band Rage Against the Machine (1991\u20132000; 2007\u20132011; 2019-present), supergroups Audioslave (2001\u20132007; 2017) and Prophets of Rage (2016\u20132019). Since 2013 and 2015, he has also been the lead singer and bassist of the bands Future User and WAKRAT.\nHe was ranked eighth on Paste magazine's list of \"20 Underrated Bass Guitarists\" in 2014.", "Q106336": "Eleazar of Worms (\u05d0\u05dc\u05e2\u05d6\u05e8 \u05de\u05d5\u05d5\u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05d9\u05d6\u05d0) (c. 1176\u20131238), or Eleazar ben Judah ben Kalonymus, also sometimes known today as Eleazar Rokeach (\"Eleazar the Perfumer\" \u05d0\u05dc\u05e2\u05d6\u05e8 \u05e8\u05e7\u05d7) from the title of his Book of the Perfumer (Sefer ha rokeah \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e8\u05e7\u05d7)\u2014where the numerical value of \"Perfumer\" (in Hebrew) is equal to Eleazar, was a leading Talmudist and Kabbalist, and the last major member of the Hasidei Ashkenaz, a group of German Jewish pietists.", "Q44855": "Sigmund Esco \"Jackie\" Jackson (born May 4, 1951) is an American singer and songwriter best known as a founding member of the Jackson 5. Jackie is the second child of the Jackson family and the oldest Jackson brother.", "Q156501": "Saadat Hasan Manto (; Urdu: \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0679\u0648\u200e, pronounced [sa'\u0101dat 'hasan 'ma\u1e45\u1e6d\u014d]; 11 May 1912 \u2013 18 January 1955) was a Pakistani writer, playwright and author born in Ludhiana, British India. Writing mainly in the Urdu language, he produced 22 collections of short stories, a novel, five series of radio plays, three collections of essays and two collections of personal sketches. His best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics. Manto was known to write about the hard truths of society that no one dared to talk about. He is best known for his stories about the partition of India, which he opposed, immediately following independence in 1947.Manto was tried for obscenity six times; thrice before 1947 in British India, and thrice after independence in 1947 in Pakistan, but was never convicted. He is acknowledged as one of the finest 20th century Urdu writers and is the subject of two biographical films: Manto, directed by Sarmad Khoosat and the 2018 film Manto, directed by Nandita Das.", "Q17454120": "Ascension was a 2014 science fiction mystery drama television miniseries which aired on CBC in Canada and Syfy in the United States. It consisted of six 43 minute episodes, grouped into three chapters of two episodes each. The show was created by Philip Levens and Adrian A. Cruz. The pilot was written and executive produced by Philip Levens, who served as the showrunner.On July 9, 2014, CBC added Ascension to its fall programming roster. It had originally been scheduled to premiere in November 2014.In October 2014, CBC announced that the premiere date had been moved to January 2015.The show started airing on CBC on Monday nights starting February 9, 2015. Syfy had originally announced plans to debut the show on November 24, 2014, airing one episode per week for six weeks. Instead, the series premiered on December 15, 2014, airing one chapter consisting of two episodes each night for three consecutive nights.The story takes place aboard a generation ship launched in the 1960s and now half-way into its 100-year journey to Proxima Centauri. A murder onboard sparks off a series of events that leads some of the crew to begin second-guessing their real mission.", "Q287690": "The Hives are a Swedish rock band that rose to prominence in the early 2000s during the post-punk revival. Their mainstream success came with the release of the album Veni Vidi Vicious, containing the single \"Hate to Say I Told You So\". The band has been acclaimed by music critics as one of the best live rock bands in 2012.The Hives have released five studio albums: Barely Legal (1997), Veni Vidi Vicious (2000), Tyrannosaurus Hives (2004), The Black and White Album (2007) and Lex Hives (2012). They have one compilation album, Your New Favourite Band (2001) and they have issued a live DVD, Tussles in Brussels (2005).", "Q89833": "Josef Emanuel Hilscher (22 January 1806 \u2013 2 November 1837) was an Austrian soldier, poet and translator of others' poetry. He became a soldier, and rose to quartermaster, but he is remembered for his own exuberant poems, and highly regarded translations into German of Byron's poems. Hilscher's poems were published after his death by fellow Austrian poet Ludwig Frankl (1810\u20131894) as editor of 'Oesterreichisches Morgenblatt'.", "Q118108": "Isabelle Kaiser (2 October 1866, in Beckenried \u2013 17 February 1925, in Beckenried) was a Swiss writer who produced works in the French and German languages. She received the prize of the French Academy.", "Q192225": "Netanya (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05b0\u05ea\u05b7\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05d4, lit., \"God gave\") is a city in the Northern Central District of Israel, and is the capital of the surrounding Sharon plain. It is 30 km (18.64 mi) north of Tel Aviv, and 56 km (34.80 mi) south of Haifa, between Nahal Poleg and Wingate Institute in the south and the 'Avichail' stream in the north. Netanya was named in honor of Nathan Straus, a prominent Jewish American merchant and philanthropist in the early 20th century who was the co-owner of Macy's department store.\nIts 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) of beaches have made the city a popular tourist resort. \nIn 2018, it had a population of 217,244, making it the 7th largest city in Israel. An additional 150,000 people live in the local and regional councils within 10 kilometres (6 miles) of Netanya which serves as a regional center for them. The city mayor is Miriam Feirberg.", "Q941171": "Georges-Henri Pingusson (July 26, 1894 \u2013 October 22, 1978) was a French architect.\n\n", "Q100747": "Franz Vogt (9 October 1899 \u2013 14 May 1940) was a German trade unionist, Social Democrat and member of the German resistance against the National Socialist regime.", "Q96913": "J\u00fcrgen Kehrer (born 21 January 1956) is a graduated educationalist who is known as a German author whose success led to a substantial change in German crime fiction and who brought a new industry to his chosen home town M\u00fcnster.", "Q73021": "J\u00fcrgen N\u00f6ldner (born 22 February 1941 in Berlin) is a German former footballer who was active in East Germany. He is the son of Erwin N\u00f6ldner, a resistance fighter killed by the Nazis in 1944.", "Q1884028": "Maggie Jones (born March 1894; date of death unknown) was an American blues singer and pianist who recorded thirty-eight songs between 1923 and 1926. She was billed as \"The Texas Nightingale\". Among her best-remembered songs are \"Single Woman's Blues\", \"Undertaker's Blues\", and \"Northbound Blues\".", "Q5912": "Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (; French: [ma\u0281s\u025bl dy\u0283\u0251\u0303]; 28 July 1887 \u2013 2 October 1968) was a French-American painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, and conceptual art. He was careful about his use of the term Dada and was not directly associated with Dada groups. Duchamp is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse, as one of the three artists who helped to define the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. Duchamp has had an immense impact on twentieth-century and twenty first-century art, and he had a seminal influence on the development of conceptual art. By World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as \"retinal\" art, intended only to please the eye. Instead, Duchamp wanted to use art to serve the mind.", "Q39666": "Pen\u00e9lope Cruz S\u00e1nchez (; Spanish: [pe\u02c8nelope k\u027eu\u03b8 \u02c8sant\u0283e\u03b8]; born 28 April 1974) is a Spanish actress and model. Signed by an agent at the age of 15, she made her acting debut at 16 on television, and her feature film debut the following year in Jam\u00f3n Jam\u00f3n (1992). Her subsequent roles in the 1990s and 2000s included Belle \u00c9poque (1992), Open Your Eyes (1997), The Hi-Lo Country (1999), The Girl of Your Dreams (2000), and Woman on Top (2000). Cruz achieved recognition for her lead roles in the 2001 films Vanilla Sky, All the Pretty Horses, Captain Corelli's Mandolin, and Blow. She has three Academy Award nominations, and one win.\nShe has since appeared in a wide variety of films, including the comedy Waking Up in Reno (2002), the thriller Gothika (2003), the Christmas film Noel (2004), the action-adventure films Sahara (2005) and Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011), the romantic comedy To Rome with Love (2012), the crime drama The Counselor (2013), and the mystery film Murder on the Orient Express (2017). She was praised for her roles in Volver (2006) and Nine (2009), receiving Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations for each. She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2008 for playing volatile painter Mar\u00eda Elena in Woody Allen's Vicky Cristina Barcelona. She is the first Spanish actress to win an Academy Award, as well as the first Spanish actress to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2018, Cruz made her American television debut as Italian fashion designer Donatella Versace in the FX series The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story, for which she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie.\nCruz has modelled for Mango, Ralph Lauren, Chanel and L'Or\u00e9al, and along with her younger sister M\u00f3nica Cruz, has designed clothing for Mango. Cruz has volunteered in Uganda and India, where she spent one week working with Mother Teresa; she donated her salary from The Hi-Lo Country to help fund the late nun's mission.", "Q186278": "Mahlon R. Pitney (February 5, 1858 \u2013 December 9, 1924) was an American lawyer and Republican Party politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1895 to 1899 and as an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1911 to 1922.", "Q726295": "Sondre Lerche (Norwegian pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u0254\u0300ndr\u0259 \u02c8l\u00e6\u0300rk\u0259]; born 5 September 1982) is a Norwegian singer, songwriter and guitarist, now based in Los Angeles, California. He has released eight studio albums.", "Q866294": "Cape Girardeau (, French: Cap-Girardeau [kap \u0292i\u0281a\u0281do] (listen); colloquially referred to as \"Cape\") is a city in Cape Girardeau County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is located approximately 115 miles (185 km) southeast of St. Louis and 175 miles (282 km) north of Memphis. As of the 2018 United States Census Bureau estimates, the city's population was 39,853, making it the 17th-largest city in Missouri, and the largest city in Southeast Missouri. An emerging college town, it is the home of Southeast Missouri State University.", "Q236503": "Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello (Portuguese pronunciation: [fe\u0281\u02c8n\u0250\u0303du a\u02c8f\u00f5su \u02c8k\u0254lo\u0281 d\u0292i \u02c8m\u025blu]; born August 12, 1949) is a Brazilian politician who served as the 32nd President of Brazil from 1990 to 1992, when he resigned in a failed attempt to stop his impeachment trial by the Brazilian Senate. Collor was the first President democratically elected after the end of the Brazilian military government. He became the youngest president in Brazilian history, taking office at the age of 40. After he resigned from the presidency, the impeachment trial on charges of corruption continued. Collor was found guilty by the Senate and disqualified from holding elected office for eight years (1992\u20132000). He was later acquitted of ordinary criminal charges in his judicial trial before Brazil's Supreme Federal Court, for lack of valid evidence.\nFernando Collor was born into a political family. He is the son of the former Senator Arnon Affonso de Farias Mello and Leda Collor (daughter of former Labour Minister Lindolfo Collor, led by his father, former governor of Alagoas and proprietor of the Arnon de Mello Organization, the branch of Rede Globo in the state.\n\"Collor\" is a Portuguese adaptation of the German surname Koehler, from his maternal grandfather Lindolfo Leopoldo Boeckel Collor.Collor has served as Senator for Alagoas since February 2007. He first won election in 2006 and was reelected in 2014. In August 2017, Collor was accused by the Brazil's Supreme Federal Court of receiving around US$9 million in bribes between 2010 and 2014 from Petrobras subsidiary BR Distributor.", "Q173959": "Al-Azhar University ( AHZ-har; Arabic: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641)\u200e, IPA: [\u02c8\u0261\u00e6m\u0295et el\u02c8\u0294\u0251zh\u0251\u027e e\u0283\u0283\u00e6\u02c8\u027ei\u02d0f], \"the (honorable) University of Al-Azhar\") is a university in Cairo, Egypt. Associated with Al-Azhar Mosque in Islamic Cairo, it is Egypt's oldest degree-granting university and is renowned as \"Islam's most prestigious university\". In addition to higher education, Al-Azhar oversees a national network of schools with approximately two million students. As of 1996, over 4,000 teaching institutes in Egypt were affiliated with the University.Founded in 970 or 972 by the Shia Fatimid Caliphate as a centre of Islamic learning, its students studied the Qur'an and Islamic law in detail, along with logic, grammar, rhetoric, and how to calculate the phases of the moon. While the Fatimids were Shia Muslims, they tolerated multitudes of different faiths coming and learning at Al-Azhar, until the time of Saladin. Today it is the chief centre of Arabic literature and Islamic learning in the world. In 1961 additional non-religious subjects were added to its curriculum.Its mission is to propagate Islam and Islamic culture. To this end, its Islamic scholars (ulamas) render edicts (fatwas) on disputes submitted to them from all over the Islamic world regarding proper conduct for Muslim individuals and societies.\nIts library is considered second in importance in Egypt only to the Egyptian National Library and Archives. In May 2005, Al-Azhar in partnership with a Dubai information technology enterprise, IT Education Project (ITEP) launched the H.H. Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Project to Preserve Al Azhar Scripts and Publish Them Online (the \"Al-Azhar Online Project\") to eventually publish online access to the library's entire rare manuscripts collection, comprising about seven million pages of material.", "Q76171": "Irina Korschunow (31 December 1925 \u2013 31 December 2013) was a German writer. Her oeuvre comprises short stories, novels theatrical works and film scripts. Born in Stendal, she started her career as a journalist and writer for children's books and Young Adult literature, but focused predominantly on writing Novels in her later years since about 1983. She was also a translator.", "Q1683438": "Alan Gerard Fletcher (27 September 1931 \u2013 21 September 2006) was a British graphic designer. In his obituary, he was described by The Daily Telegraph as \"the most highly regarded graphic designer of his generation, and probably one of the most prolific\".\nBorn in Nairobi, Kenya, Fletcher moved to England at age five, and studied at four art schools: Hammersmith School of Art, Central School of Art, Royal College of Art (1953\u20131956) and lastly Yale School of Art and Architecture at Yale University in 1956.", "Q105617": "Heinz Lieven (born April 18, 1928) is a German actor.", "Q689462": "The Ibero-American University (in Spanish: Universidad Iberoamericana, abbreviated UIA but commonly known as Ibero or La Ibero) is one of the most prestigious universities in Mexico and in Latin America. The private institution of higher education is sponsored by the Society of Jesus, and it is recognized as having an international-grade level of excellence. In 2009, the UIA received the SEP-ANUIES Prize as the best private university in Mexico. The Ibero's flagship campus is located in the Santa Fe district of Mexico City. \nIts main library, Biblioteca Francisco Xavier Clavigero, holds more than 400,000 books and journals and as of 2007 is one of the largest university libraries in the country. It also has one of the largest law libraries in Mexico.Other institutions affiliated with, but independent from, Ibero in Mexico City are found in Guadalajara, Le\u00f3n, Torre\u00f3n, Puebla, Playas de Tijuana, and Jaltepec. Together, they form the Jesuit University System, a network of Jesuit-run private universities.", "Q1367549": "Olav Fartein Valen (25 August 1887 \u2013 14 December 1952) was a Norwegian composer, notable for his work in atonal polyphonic music. He developed a polyphony similar to Bach's counterpoint, but based on motivic working and dissonance rather than harmonic progression.", "Q69051": "Gebhard M\u00fcller (17 April 1900 \u2013 7 August 1990) was a German lawyer and politician (CDU). He was President of W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern (1948\u20131952), Minister President of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg (1953\u20131958) and President of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (1959-1971).\nHe was born in F\u00fcramoos and died in Stuttgart.", "Q473204": "Annoying Orange is an American comedy web series created by former Minnesota film student and MTV production assistant Dane Boedigheimer in 2009. It stars its creator as an anthropomorphic orange who annoys fruits, vegetables, and various other objects by using jokes and puns, which are sometimes crude.\nThe show became popular, later leading to its becoming the subject of a TV series, a video game, a range of toys, backpacks, couches, pillows, blankets, lunchboxes, drink bottles, mattresses, towels, and a T-shirt line. Other accessories, such as costumes of the series' characters, have also appeared on the market for the company.\nSince its inception, the Annoying Orange YouTube channel has amassed over 9 million subscribers.", "Q187166": "Antoine Henri Joseph Artaud, better known as Antonin Artaud (French: [a\u0281to]; 4 September 1896 \u2013 4 March 1948), was a French dramatist, poet, essayist, actor, and theatre director, widely recognized as one of the major figures of twentieth-century theatre and the European avant-garde. He is best known for conceptualizing a 'Theatre of Cruelty'.", "Q24151": "Alligator II: The Mutation is a 1991 American direct-to-video horror film directed by Jon Hess and starring Joseph Bologna, Woody Brown, Harlan Arnold, Nicolas Cowan, and Brock Peters. It is a sequel to the 1980 film Alligator.", "Q158504": "Saint Clement of Ohrid (Bulgarian and Macedonian: \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041e\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438, lit.\u2009'Sveti Kliment Okridski'; Greek: \u0386\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03c7\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2; Slovak: sv\u00e4t\u00fd Kliment Ochridsk\u00fd; c.\u2009840 \u2013 916) was one of the first Medieval Bulgarian saints, scholar, writer and enlightener of the Slavs. He is the most prominent disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius and is often associated with the creation of the Glagolitic and Cyrillic scripts, especially their popularisation among Christianised Slavs. He was the founder of the Ohrid Literary School and is regarded as a patron of education and language by some Slavic people. He is considered to be the first bishop of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, one of the seven Apostles of the First Bulgarian Empire and one of the premier saints of modern Bulgaria. Saint Clement is also the patron saint of North Macedonia, the city of Ohrid and the Macedonian Orthodox Church.", "Q234314": "Kathryn Felicia Day (born June 28, 1979) is an American actress, writer, and web series creator. She is the creator, star, writer, and producer of the original web series The Guild (2007\u20132013), a show loosely based on her life as a gamer. She also wrote and starred in the Dragon Age web series Dragon Age: Redemption (2011). Day was a member of the board of directors of the International Academy of Web Television beginning December 2009 until the end of July 2012.On television, she has played Vi in the series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (2003) and Dr. Holly Marten in Eureka (2011), and had a recurring role as Charlie Bradbury on Supernatural (2012\u20132015, 2018). She has also acted in movies such as Bring It On Again (2004), as well as the Internet musical Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog (2008). In April 2017, she began appearing as Kinga Forrester in Mystery Science Theater 3000.\n\n", "Q367980": "47 morto che parla is a 1950 Italian comedy film directed by Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia. The film stars Tot\u00f2 and Silvana Pampanini.", "Q429678": "Daisuke Ishiwatari (\u77f3\u6e21 \u592a\u8f14, Ishiwatari Daisuke, born 14 August 1973 in Johannesburg, South Africa) is an African-Japanese video game developer, illustrator, musician, composer and voice actor. He is best known for creating the 2D fighting game series Guilty Gear. He designed the characters and storyline, and wrote the music. He also provides the in-game voice for the characters Sol Badguy and Order-Sol, as well as Freed Velez in Battle Fantasia.\nIshiwatari worked with Arc System Works on the first Guilty Gear as soon as he left school. Recently, Daisuke, along with Yoshihiro Kusano, also wrote the music for BlazBlue, as well as painting the character selection portraits for the sequel, BlazBlue: Continuum Shift. As well as this, he has also composed for Hard Corps: Uprising.\nDaisuke Ishiwatari is also noted as being a composer in the metal and rock genres. His compositions, found in his signature series, Guilty Gear, feature no lyrics, but intricate guitar work, as do his compositions found in BlazBlue. The albums Guilty Gear XX in LA and Guilty Gear XX in NY include vocals for selected songs, as do three albums in Japanese by the band Lapis Lazuli.", "Q75478": "The New York University Tandon School of Engineering (commonly referred to as Tandon) is the engineering and applied sciences school of New York University. Tandon is the second oldest private engineering and technology school in the United States. The school dates back to 1854 when its predecessor institutions, the University of the City of New York School of Civil Engineering and Architecture and the Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute, were founded. The school was renamed in 2015 in honor of NYU Trustees Chandrika and Ranjan Tandon following their donation of $100 million to the school.The school's main campus is in Brooklyn's MetroTech Center, an urban academic-industrial research park. It is one of several engineering schools that were founded based on a European polytechnic university model in the 1800s, in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States. It has been a key center of research in the development of microwave, wireless, radar, electronics in general, polymers, industrial engineering, operations research and the US space program.", "Q427655": "Bad Freienwalde is a spa town in the M\u00e4rkisch-Oderland district in Brandenburg, Germany.", "Q107000": "Ghalib (Urdu: \u063a\u0627\u0614\u0644\u0650\u0628\u200e), born Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan (Urdu: \u0645\u0650\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 \u0628\u06cc\u06af \u062e\u0627\u0646), (27 December 1797 \u2013 15 February 1869), was a prominent Urdu and Persian poet during the last years of the Mughal Empire. He used his pen-names of Ghalib (Urdu: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628, \u0121h\u0101lib means \"dominant\") and Asad (Urdu: \u0627\u0633\u064e\u062f, Asad means \"lion\"). His honorific was Dabir-ul-Mulk, Najm-ud-Daula. During his lifetime, the already declining Mughal empire was eclipsed and displaced by the Colonial British Raj and finally deposed following the defeat of the Indian rebellion of 1857, are some of the events that he described through his work.Most notably, he wrote in both Urdu and Persian. His Persian Divan is at least five times longer than his Urdu but his fame rests on his poetry in Urdu.\nToday, Ghalib remains popular not only in India and Pakistan but also among the Hindustani diaspora around the world.", "Q329351": "Cary Brothers is an American indie rock singer-songwriter originally from Nashville, Tennessee, United States. After moving to Los Angeles and becoming a regular performer at the influential Hotel Cafe venue, Brothers first gained national attention with his song \"Blue Eyes\" on the Platinum-selling, Grammy-winning \"Garden State\" soundtrack. As an independent artist, he has since toured worldwide, released two full-length records, and become one of the most-licensed artists in film and television. In the electronic dance music world, Brothers has collaborated with Ti\u00ebsto on a club remix of his song \"Ride\" and an original song for Tiesto's album Kaleidoscope, and he co-wrote and sang the title tracks for the Cosmic Gate releases Wake Your Mind and Start to Feel.", "Q2313940": "Becky Ann Baker (n\u00e9e Gelke; born February 17, 1953) is an American actress who is known for her portrayal of Jean Weir on NBC's Emmy Award-winning Freaks and Geeks and for her role as Loreen Horvath on HBO's Emmy Award-winning Girls, for which she received a Primetime Emmy nomination.", "Q471413": "John Edward Masefield (; 1 June 1878 \u2013 12 May 1967) was an English poet and writer, and the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1930 until 1967. Among his best known works are the children's novels The Midnight Folk and The Box of Delights, and the poems \"The Everlasting Mercy\" and \"Sea-Fever\".", "Q2277578": "The Crocodile Hunter was a wildlife documentary television series that was hosted by Steve Irwin and his wife, Terri. The show became a popular franchise due to Irwin's unconventional approach to wildlife. It spawned a number of separate projects, including the feature film The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course and two television spinoffs: Croc Files and The Crocodile Hunter Diaries. The series was presented on Animal Planet, becoming the network's highest-rated series at the time, and was in international syndication on networks worldwide.\nThe series aired 64 episodes during five seasons, from 1997 through 2004, with a pilot episode in 1996 and 13 specials into 2007; with a nearly 11-year run, the series is the second longest-running program of any Discovery Communications network, behind MythBusters.", "Q64575": "Dallenwil is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland.", "Q232003": "Compa\u00f1eros (Italian: Vamos a matar compa\u00f1eros, lit. 'Let's Go and Kill, Companions') is a 1970 Western film directed by Sergio Corbucci. The film stars Franco Nero, Tomas Milian, Jack Palance and Fernando Rey. The soundtrack for the film was written by Ennio Morricone.", "Q533634": "Queen Esther Marrow is an American soul and gospel singer.", "Q336517": "The Abyss is a 1989 American science fiction film written and directed by James Cameron and starring Ed Harris, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, and Michael Biehn. When an American submarine sinks in the Caribbean, the U.S. search and recovery team works with an oil platform crew, racing against Soviet vessels to recover the boat. Deep in the ocean, they encounter something unexpected. The film was released on August 9, 1989, receiving generally positive reviews and grossed $89.8 million. It won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects and was nominated for three more Academy awards.", "Q126970": "Julius Zerfa\u00df (Kirn, 4 February 1886 - Z\u00fcrich, 24 March 1956) was a German journalist of the anti-Hitler \"Poison Kitchen\" group of the 1920s. He was interned at Dachau Concentration Camp but on release escaped to Switzerland, where he published Eine Chronik (1936), one of the first accounts of the camp, under the pseudonym Walter Hornung.", "Q431989": "Carolina No\u00e9mia Abranches de Sousa Soares, known as No\u00e9mia de Sousa (20 September 1926 \u2013 4 December 2002) was a poet from Mozambique who wrote in the Portuguese language. She was also known as Vera Micaia. She was of mixed Portuguese and Bantu descent. De Sousa's poetry and involvement in Mo\u00e7ambicanidade was a large part of the anti-colonial literary movement of Mozambique.", "Q64213": "Ilanz (Romansh: Glion) is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. The former municipality Ilanz was congruent with the town Ilanz. On 1 January 1978 the former municipality of Strada merged into the new municipality of Ilanz. On 1 January 2014 the municipality of Ilanz and the surrounding municipalities Castrisch, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of \"Ilanz/Glion.\"\n\n", "Q139850": "Zack O'Malley Greenburg (born March 8, 1985, New York City) is an American writer, journalist and former child-actor. He is a senior editor at Forbes magazine, where he covers music, media and entertainment. He is also the author of three books: 3 Kings: Diddy, Dr. Dre, Jay-Z and Hip-Hop's Multibillion-Dollar Rise (Little, Brown, 2018); Michael Jackson, Inc.: The Rise, Fall and Rebirth of a Billion-Dollar Empire (Atria/Simon & Schuster, 2014); and Empire State of Mind: How Jay-Z Went From Street Corner to Corner Office (Penguin/Portfolio, 2011). He has a fourth book in progress, A-List Angels: How a Band of Actors, Artists, and Athletes Hacked Silicon Valley (Little, Brown, 2020). He played Lorenzo Odone in the 1992 film Lorenzo's Oil.", "Q25529": "Eric Stuart (born October 18, 1967) is an American voice actor, voice director, musician, singer and songwriter, who worked for 4Kids Entertainment, NYAV Post, and Central Park Media. He provides voices for English dubs of anime, cartoons, and video games. Some of his most prominent roles include Brock and James in Pok\u00e9mon from seasons 1\u20138, Seto Kaiba in Yu-Gi-Oh!, and Gourry Gabriev in Slayers. His rock band, the Eric Stuart Band, has toured with many acts in the 1990s including Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band and Peter Frampton.", "Q107766": "Christian Grascha (born 16 October 1978 in Einbeck) is a German politician for the Free Democratic Party.", "Q4504457": "Roman Igorevich Tsepov (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0426\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0432, (July 22, 1962, Kolpino, Leningrad Oblast, USSR \u2013 September 24, 2004, Saint-Petersburg) was a Saint Petersburg businessman and confidant to Vladimir Putin during Putin's work at the Saint Petersburg City Administration. Born Belinson, Tsepov changed his surname upon marriage to Tsepova. Tsepov was suspected of criminal and corruption activity.", "Q32055": "Bernard Jean \u00c9tienne Arnault (French: [b\u025b\u0281na\u0281 \u0292\u0251\u0303 etj\u025bn a\u0281no]; born 5 March 1949) is a French billionaire business magnate, and art collector. Arnault is the chairman and chief executive of LVMH Mo\u00ebt Hennessy \u2013 Louis Vuitton SE, LVMH, the world's largest luxury-goods company. In April 2018, he became the richest person in fashion, topping Zara's Amancio Ortega. He was also briefly the richest man in the world in December of 2019.", "Q460278": "Lurrie Bell (born Lurrie C. Bell, December 13, 1958, Chicago, Illinois, United States) is an American blues guitarist and singer. His father was renowned blues harmonica player Carey Bell.\n\n", "Q9696": "John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 \u2013 November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his work as president concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate prior to becoming president.\nKennedy was born into a wealthy political family in Brookline, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard University in 1940, before joining the U.S. Naval Reserve the following year. During World War II, he commanded a series of PT boats in the Pacific theater and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his service. After the war, Kennedy represented the Massachusetts's 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953. He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 to 1960. While in the Senate, Kennedy published his book, Profiles in Courage, which won a Pulitzer Prize. In the 1960 presidential election, he narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon, who was the incumbent vice president.\nKennedy's administration included high tensions with communist states in the Cold War. As a result, he increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam. In April 1961, he authorized an attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the Bay of Pigs Invasion. Kennedy authorized the Cuban Project in November 1961. He rejected Operation Northwoods (plans for false flag attacks to gain approval for a war against Cuba) in March 1962. However, his administration continued to plan for an invasion of Cuba in the summer of 1962. The following October, U.S. spy planes discovered Soviet missile bases had been deployed in Cuba; the resulting period of tensions, termed the Cuban Missile Crisis, nearly resulted in the breakout of a global thermonuclear conflict. The Strategic Hamlet Program began in Vietnam during his presidency. Domestically, Kennedy presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps and the continuation of the Apollo space program. He also supported the civil rights movement, but was only somewhat successful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies.\nOn November 22, 1963, he was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson assumed the presidency upon Kennedy's death. Marxist and former U.S. Marine Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the state crime, but he was shot and killed by Jack Ruby two days later. The FBI and the Warren Commission both concluded Oswald had acted alone in the assassination, but various groups contested the Warren Report and believed that Kennedy was the victim of a conspiracy. After Kennedy's death, Congress enacted many of his proposals, including the Civil Rights Act and the Revenue Act of 1964. Kennedy ranks highly in polls of U.S. presidents with historians and the general public. His personal life has also been the focus of considerable sustained interest, following public revelations in the 1970s of his chronic health ailments and extramarital affairs.", "Q522739": "Albert Johnson (November 2, 1974 \u2013 June 20, 2017), better known by his stage name Prodigy, was an American rapper, author, and entrepreneur who, with Havoc, was one half of the hip hop duo Mobb Deep.\n\n", "Q2143665": "A children's film, or family film, is a film genre that contains children or relates to them in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for the general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind. Children's films come in several major genres like realism, fantasy, adventure, war, musicals, comedy, and literary adaptations.", "Q96085": "Monica Christiane Lierhaus (born 25 May 1970 in Hamburg) is a German sports journalist.In 1989 she passed her Abitur at the Charlotte-Paulsen-Gymnasium in Hamburg. She studied English and German literature at the University of Hamburg during which she worked as a junior in the editorial office of the magazine Sport-Bild. She also worked as a freelancer for German radio stations Radio Hamburg and Klassik Radio. In 1992 she dropped out of university to become an anchorwoman for the Hamburg local news show on Sat.1.\nBetween 1994 and 1996 she was a reporter for Sat.1 working in Germany and abroad.\n\n", "Q234472": "Estella Dawn Warren (born December 23, 1978) is a Canadian actress, fashion model, and former synchronized swimmer. During her swimming career she was a member of the Canada national team and won three national titles. Since 1994 she has been modeling through publications such as Sports Illustrated as well as working for campaigns for such brands as Perry Ellis and Victoria's Secret.\nShe later began a career as an actress, starring in such films as Tim Burton's 2001 re-adapted film Planet of the Apes as well as television roles in Law & Order, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and Beauty and the Beast.", "Q984205": "Grover Glenn Norquist (born October 19, 1956) is an American political activist and tax reduction advocate who is founder and president of Americans for Tax Reform, an organization that opposes all tax increases. A Republican, he is the primary promoter of the \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\", a pledge signed by lawmakers who agree to oppose increases in marginal income tax rates for individuals and businesses, as well as net reductions or eliminations of deductions and credits without a matching reduced tax rate. Prior to the November 2012 election, the pledge was signed by 95% of all Republican members of Congress and all but one of the candidates running for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination.\n\n", "Q928851": "Thierre De Mey (born 28 February 1956 in Brussels) is a musician and filmmaker from Belgium.", "Q34424": "Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll (; Spanish: [\u0283a\u02c8ki\u027ea]; born 2 February 1977) is a Colombian singer-songwriter, record producer, dancer, actress and philanthropist. Born and raised in Barranquilla, she made her recording debut under Sony Music Colombia at the age of 13. Following the commercial failure of her first two Colombian albums, Magia (1991) and Peligro (1993), she rose to prominence in Spanish-speaking countries with her next albums, Pies Descalzos (1995) and D\u00f3nde Est\u00e1n los Ladrones? (1998). Shakira entered the English-language market with her fifth album, Laundry Service (2001). It sold over 13 million copies, spawned the international number-one singles \"Whenever, Wherever\" and \"Underneath Your Clothes\", and propelled her reputation as a leading crossover artist.\nHer success was further solidified with the Spanish albums Fijaci\u00f3n Oral, Vol. 1 (2005), Sale el Sol (2010), and El Dorado (2017), all of which topped the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart and were certified diamante by the Recording Industry Association of America. Meanwhile, her English albums Oral Fixation, Vol. 2 (2005), She Wolf (2009) and Shakira (2014) were all certified gold, platinum, or multi-platinum in various countries worldwide. Some of her songs have charted at number one in multiple countries, including \"La Tortura\", \"Hips Don't Lie\", \"Beautiful Liar\", \"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)\", \"Loca\", and \"Chantaje\". Shakira served as a coach on two seasons of the American singing competition television series The Voice (2013\u20132014).\nShakira has received numerous awards, including three Grammy Awards, twelve Latin Grammy Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, seven Billboard Music Awards, thirty-nine Billboard Latin Music Awards, six Guinness World Records and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2009, Billboard listed her as the Top Female Latin Artist of the Decade. Having sold more than 75 million records worldwide, Shakira remains one of the world's best-selling music artists. She is ranked as the most-streamed Latin artist on Spotify and became one of only three female artists to have two YouTube videos exceeding two billion views. For her philanthropic work with her Barefoot Foundation and her contributions to music she received the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year and Harvard Foundation Artist of the Year awards in 2011. She was appointed to the President's Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanics in the US in 2011, and Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government in 2012. Forbes ranked her among the top-earning women in music in 2008 and 2019. Shakira is the first artist to perform three times at the FIFA World Cup.", "Q929597": "John Gunther (August 30, 1901 \u2013 May 29, 1970) was an American journalist and author.\nHis success came primarily by a series of popular sociopolitical works, known as the \"Inside\" books (1936\u20131972), including the best-selling Inside U.S.A. in 1947. However, he is now best known for his memoir Death Be Not Proud, on the death of his beloved teenage son, Johnny Gunther, from a brain tumor.\n\n", "Q943028": "Lawrence John Miller (born October 15, 1953) is an American comedian, actor, news podcaster, and columnist.", "Q66404": "Curt Karl Bruno von Fran\u00e7ois (2 October 1852 \u2013 28 December 1931) was a German geographer, cartographer, Schutztruppe officer and commissioner of the imperial colonial army of the German Empire, particularly in German South West Africa (today's Namibia) where he was responsible on behalf of Kaiser for the foundation of the city of Windhoek on 18 October 1890 and the harbor of Swakopmund on 4 August 1892.", "Q246782": "The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. The team plays its home games at Wrigley Field, located on the city's North Side. The Cubs are one of two major league teams in Chicago; the other, the Chicago White Sox, is a member of the American League (AL) Central division. The Cubs, first known as the White Stockings, were a founding member of the NL in 1876, becoming the Chicago Cubs in 1903.The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116\u201336 and posting a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (\"The Hitless Wonders\") by four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71-year National League pennant drought and a 108-year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108-year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason ten times through the 2019 season.The Cubs are known as \"the North Siders\", a reference to the location of Wrigley Field within the city of Chicago, and in contrast to the White Sox, whose home field (Guaranteed Rate Field) is located on the South Side.", "Q425724": "James A. Herne (born James Ahearn, February 1, 1839 \u2013 June 2, 1901) was an American playwright and actor. He is considered by some critics to be the \"American Ibsen\", and his controversial play Margaret Fleming is often credited with having begun modern drama in America. Herne was a Georgist and wrote Shore Acres to promote the political economy of Henry George.", "Q902": "Bangladesh (, Bengali: \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6, pronounced [\u02c8ba\u014bla\u02ccde\u0283] (listen); literally meaning The Country of Bengal), officially called the People's Republic of Bangladesh (\u0997\u09a3\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 G\u00f4noprojatontri Bangladesh), is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 161 million people. In terms of land mass, Bangladesh ranks 92nd, spanning 147,570 square kilometres (56,980 sq mi), making it one of the most densely-populated countries in the world. Bangladesh shares land borders with India to the west, north, and east, Myanmar to the southeast, and the Bay of Bengal to the south. It is narrowly separated from Nepal and Bhutan by India's Siliguri Corridor, and from China by the Indian state of Sikkim, in the north, respectively. Dhaka, the capital and largest city, is the nation's economic, political and cultural hub. Chittagong, the largest sea port, is the second largest city. With numerous criss-crossing rivers and inland waterways, the dominant geographic feature of Bangladesh is the Ganges delta, which empties into the Bay of Bengal with the combined waters of several river systems, including the Brahmaputra river and the Ganges river. Highlands, with evergreen forests, cover the northeastern and southeastern regions, while the country's biodiversity comprises a vast array of plants and wildlife, including the endangered Royal Bengal tiger, which is the national animal. The seacoast features the world's longest natural sandy beach in Cox's Bazar as well as the Sundarbans, which is the world's largest mangrove forest. \nBangladesh forms the larger and eastern part of the Bengal region. According to the ancient sacred Indian texts, Ramayana and Mahabharata, the Vanga Kingdom, one of the namesakes of the Bengal region, was a strong naval ally of the legendary Ayodhya. In the ancient and classical period of the Indian subcontinent, the territory was home to many principalities, including the Pundra, Gangaridai, Gauda, Samatata and Harikela. It was also a Mauryan province under the reign of Ashoka. The principalities were notable for their overseas trade, contacts with the Roman world, export of fine muslin and silk to the Middle East, and spreading of philosophy and art to Southeast Asia. The Pala Empire, the Chandra dynasty, and the Sena dynasty were the last pre-Islamic Bengali middle kingdoms. Islam was introduced during the Pala Empire, through trade with the Abbasid Caliphate, but following the early conquest of Bakhtiyar Khalji and the subsequent establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and preaching of Shah Jalal in East Bengal, the faith fully spread across the region. In 1576, the wealthy Bengal Sultanate was absorbed into the Mughal Empire, but its rule was briefly interrupted by the Suri Empire. Following the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in the early 1700s, the proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal became a semi-independent state under the Nawabs of Bengal. The region was later conquered by the British East India Company at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. The borders of modern Bangladesh were established with the separation of Bengal and India in August 1947, when the region became East Pakistan as a part of the newly formed State of Pakistan, demarcated by the Boundary of the Partition of India. Later the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement led to the Liberation War and eventually resulted in the emergence of Bangladesh as a sovereign and independent nation in 1971.\nSpeakers of the official Bengali language, who form the Bengali ethnic group, make up 98% of the population. Bangladesh is created on the basis of language and ethnicity. Its large Muslim population makes Bangladesh the fourth-largest Muslim-majority country in the world. The constitution declares Bangladesh a secular, Muslim-majority country. A middle power, Bangladesh is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional republic following the Westminster system of governance. The country is divided into eight administrative divisions and sixty-four districts. Although the country continues to face the challenges of the Rohingya refugee crisis, corruption and the adverse effects of climate change, it is one of the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world. Bangladesh is also one of the Next Eleven countries, with one of the fastest real GDP growth rates in the world. Its gross domestic product is the 39th largest in terms of market exchange rates, and 29th in purchasing power parity. Bangladesh's per capita income ranks 143th nominally and 136th by purchasing power parity. In recent years Bangladesh has registered notable success in reducing child mortality; population control; combating natural disasters; women's empowerment; using microcredit to alleviate poverty; and boosting income through the export of textiles, garments, pharmaceuticals, manpower, agricultural produce, shrimps, jute, leather goods, seafood, tea, etc. Bangladesh is one of the few countries that achieved most of the 2015 Millennium Development Goals set by the UN ahead of time. As a result of this and many other factors the World Bank upgraded the status of Bangladesh to a middle-income country.", "Q94692": "Sebastian Brunner (10 December 1814 \u2013 27 November 1893) was an Austrian Catholic writer.\nHe was born in Vienna, and received his college education from the Benedictines of his native city. He received his philosophical and theological training at the Vienna University, was ordained priest in 1838, and was for some years professor in the philosophical faculty of the Vienna University. The University of Freiburg honored him with the degree of Doctor of Theology. In the revolutionary year, 1848, he founded the Wiener Kirchenzeitung, which he edited until 1865, and in which he satirised what he saw as the Josephinist bondage of the Church. He wrote some ascetical books and many volumes of sermons, also a biography of Clemens Maria Hofbauer, the patron saint of Vienna. Some of his writings in the Kirchenzeitung have been described as antisemitic, and this was the subject of libel cases which he launched against Ignaz Kuranda and Heinrich Graetz.\nHis books of travel dealing with Germany, France, England, Switzerland, and especially Italy, include observations on men and manners, art and culture, and most of all on religion, and are thus connected closely with his apologetic and controversial writings. Among the latter may be mentioned his book on The Atheist Renan and his Gospel. Brunner's voluminous historical works include some on the history of the Church in Austria. His humorous works were composed partly in verse, and partly in the form of prose stories. An example of the former is Der Nebeljungen Lied; of the latter, Die Prinzenschule zu M\u00f6pselgl\u00fcck. A collection of his stories in prose and verse was published in eighteen volumes in Regensburg in 1864. In his later years he turned his satirical pen against what he saw as the undiscriminating worship of modern German literary celebrities. He died in Vienna.", "Q85947": "Friedrich Harkort (February 22, 1793, Hagen - March 6, 1880), known as the \"Father of the Ruhr,\" was an early prominent German industrialist and pioneer of industrial development in the Ruhr region.In 1819, he founded the first industrial workshop at Castle Wetter. An early proponent of railroads, he proposed the construction of a railway line from Cologne to Minden in 1825, which eventuated as the Cologne-Minden trunk line, completed in 1847. In 1826 he built a small test track, as a monorail following a design of the Englishman Henry Robinson Palmer.", "Q625788": "Moh Youn Sook (March 5, 1910 \u2013 June 7, 1990; Korean: \ubaa8\uc724\uc219) is a well known Korean female poet.", "Q4559744": "Chiaki Hayashi (\u6797 \u5343\u6676, Hayashi Chiaki) is a Japanese business woman and Asian Projects Co-ordinator at Creative Commons.\n\n", "Q29313": "The Watch (previously known as Neighborhood Watch) is a 2012 American science fiction comedy film directed by Akiva Schaffer and written by Jared Stern, Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg. It stars Ben Stiller, Vince Vaughn, Jonah Hill and Richard Ayoade. The film follows Evan (Stiller), Bob (Vaughn), Franklin (Hill), and Jamarcus (Ayoade), a group of neighbors who form a suburban neighborhood watch group. When they uncover an alien plot threatening the world, they are forced into action. The film is the final film role of R. Lee Ermey, who died on April 15, 2018.\nThe film began its development in 2008 under producer Shawn Levy as a teen-targeted project written by Jared Stern. Between 2009 and late 2010 it saw different directors and stars join the project until November 2010, when it moved in a new direction under Rogen and Goldberg (who rewrote the script for an adult audience). Filming began in October 2011 in the state of Georgia, concluding in January 2012.\nThe film's marketing campaign was affected by the 2012 shooting of Trayvon Martin by a neighborhood-watch member. As a result, the campaign was refocused on the alien premise instead of the film leads and the film's name was changed from Neighborhood Watch to The Watch. Released on July 27, 2012, the film grossed $68.3 million on a $68 million budget. It received generally negative reviews, with critics focusing on the plot, frequent \"vulgar and offensive\" jokes and numerous product placements. However, Hill's performance was more positively received.", "Q270230": "The 8th arrondissement of Paris (VIIIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is colloquially referred to as huiti\u00e8me (eighth/the eighth).\nThe arrondissement, called \u00c9lys\u00e9e, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine and centred on the Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es. The 8th is, together with the 1st, 9th, 16th, and 17th arrondissements, one of Paris's main business districts. According to the 1999 census, it was the place of employment of more people than any other single arrondissement of the capital. It is also the location of many places of interest, among them the Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es, the Arc de Triomphe (partial), and the Place de la Concorde, as well as the \u00c9lys\u00e9e Palace, the official residence of the President of France. Most French fashion luxury brands have their main store in 8th arrondissement, Avenue Montaigne or Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honor\u00e9, both in the Champs-Elysees Avenue shopping district.", "Q175496": "Besim Bokshi (Serbian: \u0411\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043c \u0411\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438, Besim Bok\u0161i; 1930\u20132014) was an Albanian poet, linguist and philologist. He served as the president of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo during 2008-2011.", "Q1044328": "L'Obs (French: [\u0254ps]), previously known as Le Nouvel Observateur (1964\u20132014), is a weekly French language news magazine. Based in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris, it is the most prominent French general information magazine in terms of audience and circulation. Its current editor is Dominique Nora.", "Q3052333": "Emilio Herrera Linares (February 13, 1879, Granada, Spain \u2013 September 13, 1967, Geneve, Switzerland) was a Spanish military engineer and physicist. He graduated from the military academy of Guadalajara in 1902; he subsequently researched aeronautics, including a brief period at the University of Santander. He was father of the poet Jos\u00e9 Herrera Petere. He is best known for his work in cosmology and pioneering studies for high-altitude flight, spaceflight, computing, and for designing a pressurised space suit that was to be used in a planned stratospheric balloon flight in 1936.\nDuring the Spanish Civil War (1936\u20131939), he remained loyal to the Second Spanish Republic. In 1937, he was made a general. He was a minister in several governments of the republic in exile, and president of the republic between 1960 and 1962.", "Q519977": "Baron Andr\u00e9 Edourd Jolly (Brussel, 13 April 1799\u2013Brussel, 3 December 1883) was a Belgian engineer, painter, military and politician.\nHe was member of the Provisional Government of Belgium (1830). Commandant of the Royal Headquarters, 1831 and Commissaris-General of War.\nHe was married to Elizabeth Armytage, daughter of George Armytage. Their son Baron Eug\u00e8ne Oscar Jolly was member of the Belgian senate.", "Q355932": "Robert Strauss (November 8, 1913 \u2013 February 20, 1975) was an American actor. He became most familiar in Hollywood films of the 1950s such as Stalag 17 (1953), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q70266": "Diemerswil is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q36233": "V\u00e1clav Havel (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8va\u02d0tslav \u02c8\u0266av\u025bl] (listen); 5 October 1936 \u2013 18 December 2011) was a Czech statesman, writer and former dissident, who served as the last President of Czechoslovakia from 1989 until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992 and then as the first President of the Czech Republic from 1993 to 2003. As a writer of Czech literature, he is known for his plays, essays, and memoirs.\nHis educational opportunities having been limited by his bourgeois background, Havel first rose to prominence as a playwright. In works such as The Garden Party and The Memorandum, Havel used an absurdist style to criticize communism. After participating in the Prague Spring and being blacklisted after the invasion of Czechoslovakia, he became more politically active and helped found several dissident initiatives, including Charter 77 and the Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly Prosecuted. His political activities brought him under the surveillance of the secret police and he spent multiple stints in prison, the longest being nearly four years, between 1979 and 1983.\nHavel's Civic Forum party played a major role in the Velvet Revolution that toppled communism in Czechoslovakia in 1989. He assumed the presidency shortly thereafter, and was re-elected in a landslide the following year and after Slovak independence in 1993. Havel was instrumental in dismantling the Warsaw Pact and expanding NATO membership eastward. Many of his stances and policies, such as his opposition to Slovak independence, condemnation of the Czechoslovak treatment of Sudeten Germans after World War II, and granting of general amnesty to all those imprisoned under communism, were very controversial domestically. As such, at the end of his presidency, he enjoyed greater popularity abroad than at home. Havel continued his life as a public intellectual after his presidency, launching several initiatives including the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism, the VIZE 97 Foundation, and the Forum 2000 annual conference.\nHavel's political philosophy was one of anti-consumerism, humanitarianism, environmentalism, civil activism, and direct democracy. He supported the Czech Green Party from 2004 until his death. He received numerous accolades during his lifetime including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Gandhi Peace Prize, the Philadelphia Liberty Medal, the Order of Canada, the Four Freedoms Award, the Ambassador of Conscience Award, and the Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award. The 2012\u20132013 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour. He is considered by some to be one of the most important intellectuals of the 20th century. The international airport in Prague was renamed to V\u00e1clav Havel Airport Prague in 2012.", "Q2471434": "Victory Through Air Power is a 1943 American Technicolor animated documentary feature film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by United Artists on July 17, 1943. It is based on the 1942 book Victory Through Air Power by Alexander P. de Seversky. De Seversky appeared in the film, an unusual departure from the Disney animated feature films of the time.Edward H. Plumb, Paul J. Smith and Oliver Wallace were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Music Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture.", "Q165685": "Love in Disguise (traditional Chinese: \u6200\u611b\u901a\u544a; simplified Chinese: \u604b\u7231\u901a\u544a; pinyin: Li\u00e0n \u00e0i T\u014dng G\u00e0o). is a 2010 Chinese-language romantic comedy movie. It was directed by Chinese-American singer-songwriter, record producer, actor and film director Wang Leehom and filmed in Shanghai. Love in Disguise went on to become the highest-grossing film for a first-time director in Chinese history grossing over 60 million RMB domestically.", "Q442973": "Bruno Arturovich Freindlich (Russian: \u0411\u0440\u0443\u043d\u043e \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0445; 10 October 1909 \u2013 9 July 2002) was a Soviet/Russian actor of German ancestry who became People's Artist of the USSR in 1974. His daughter Alisa Freindlich is also a notable actress.", "Q190368": "Appian of Alexandria (; Greek: \u0391\u03c0\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u0391\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2 Appian\u00f3s Alexandr\u00e9us; Latin: Appianus Alexandrinus; c.\u200995 \u2013 c.\u2009AD 165) was a Greek historian with Roman citizenship who lived during the reigns of Emperors of Rome Trajan, Hadrian, and Antoninus Pius.\nHe was born c. 95 in Alexandria. After holding the chief offices in the province of Aegyptus (Egypt), he went to Rome c. 120, where he practised as an advocate, pleading cases before the emperors (probably as advocatus fisci). It was in 147 at the earliest that he was appointed to the office of procurator, probably in Egypt, on the recommendation of his friend Marcus Cornelius Fronto, a well-known litterateur. Because the position of procurator was open only to members of the equestrian order (the \"knightly\" class), his possession of this office tells us about Appian's family background.\nHis principal surviving work (\u03a1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ac Romaik\u00e1, known in Latin as Historia Romana and in English as Roman History) was written in Greek in 24 books, before 165. This work more closely resembles a series of monographs than a connected history. It gives an account of various peoples and countries from the earliest times down to their incorporation into the Roman Empire, and survives in complete books and considerable fragments. The work is very valuable, especially for the period of the civil wars.The Civil Wars, books 13\u201317 of the Roman History, concern mainly the end of the Roman Republic and take a conflict-based view and approach to history. Despite the lack of cited sources for his works, these books of the Roman History are the only extant comprehensive description of these momentous decades of Roman history. The other extant work of Appian is his;\u201dThe Foreign Wars\u201d, which includes a ethnographic style history recounting the various military conflicts against a foreign enemy in Roman history, until the time of Appian.\n\n", "Q487391": "Amy Lee (born May 30, 1989), known professionally as Ailee, is a Korean-American singer and songwriter based in South Korea.\nBefore her K-pop debut, Ailee was signed under Muzo Entertainment in America. She moved to South Korea in 2010, where she passed an audition and became an artist for YMC Entertainment. After being recognized for her singing on Singer and Trainee, she started acting on the KBS drama series Dream High 2. Ailee received the Best New Artist Award at the Melon Music Awards, Golden Disc Awards, Gaon Chart K-Pop Awards and the Seoul Music Awards. She has also received a Best Newcomer and Four Best Female Vocal Performance awards at the Mnet Asian Music Awards for \"U&I\", \"Singing Got Better\", \"Mind Your Own Business\" and \"If You\".", "Q435523": "Regina Resnik (August 30, 1922 \u2013 August 8, 2013) was an American opera singer who had an active international career that spanned five decades. She began her career as a soprano in 1942 and soon after began a lengthy and fruitful relationship with the Metropolitan Opera that spanned from 1944 until 1983. Under the advice of conductor Clemens Krauss, she began retraining her voice in the mezzo-soprano repertoire in 1953 and by 1956 had completely removed soprano literature from her performance repertoire.\nWhile the Met was Resnik's artistic home, she worked regularly as a guest artist with other major American opera companies and with the top European opera houses, including La Scala, the Paris Opera, the Royal Opera, London, the San Francisco Opera, and the Vienna State Opera. After the mid 1980s her performance career transitioned away from opera towards musical theater.\nIn addition to performing, Resnik worked as a stage director at several European opera houses during the 1970s and 1980s, usually in collaboration with her husband, scenic and costume designer Arbit Blatas. She was also highly active as a voice teacher, teaching on the voice faculties of several music conservatories, including the Juilliard School.", "Q11840": "Kenneth Essex Edgeworth (26 February 1880 \u2013 10 October 1972) was an Army officer, engineer, economist and independent theoretical astronomer. He was born 26 February 1880 in Street, County Westmeath. Edgeworth is best known for proposing the existence of a disc of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune in the 1930s. Observations later confirmed the existence of the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt in 1992. Today those distant solar system bodies including Pluto, Eris, and Makemake, are grouped into the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, or Kuiper belt.\n\n", "Q57815": "Enda Kenny (born 24 April 1951) is a former Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Taoiseach from 2011 to 2017, Leader of Fine Gael from 2002 to 2017, Minister for Defence from May 2014 to July 2014 and 2016 to 2017, Leader of the Opposition from 2002 to 2011, Minister for Tourism and Trade from 1994 to 1997 and Minister of State for Youth Affairs from 1986 to 1987. He served as Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) for Mayo West from 1975 to 1997 and for Mayo from 1997 to 2020.Kenny led Fine Gael to a historic victory at the 2011 general election, his party becoming the largest in the state for the first time, forming a coalition government with the Labour Party on 9 March 2011. He subsequently became the first Fine Gael member to be elected Taoiseach for a second consecutive term on 6 May 2016, after two months of negotiations, following the 2016 election, forming a Fine Gael-led minority government. He was the first Taoiseach from Fine Gael since John Bruton (1994\u20131997), and the first Leader of Fine Gael to win a general election since Garret FitzGerald in 1982. He became the longest-serving Fine Gael Taoiseach in April 2017.Kenny stepped down as Leader of Fine Gael on 2 June 2017, and announced he would resign as Taoiseach once a new leader was chosen in early June. In the following leadership election, the then Minister for Social Protection, Leo Varadkar, was elected to succeed him as Leader of Fine Gael. Kenny tendered his resignation as Taoiseach on 13 June 2017, and was succeeded by Varadkar the following day. On 5 November 2017, Kenny announced that he would not contest the following general election.", "Q115376": "West Virginia University (WVU) is a public, land-grant, research university with its main campus in Morgantown, West Virginia. Its other campuses are those of the West Virginia University Institute of Technology in Beckley, Potomac State College of West Virginia University in Keyser, and a second clinical campus for the university's medical and dental schools at Charleston Area Medical Center in Charleston. WVU Extension Service provides outreach with offices in all of West Virginia's 55 counties.\nEnrollment for the Fall 2018 semester was 26,864 for the main campus, while enrollment across all three non-clinical campuses was 29,959. The Morgantown campus offers 350+ bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional degree programs throughout 14 colleges and schools.Twenty-five Rhodes Scholars are WVU alumni, including former WVU president David C. Hardesty, Jr. The university has also produced 45 Goldwater Scholars, 24 Truman Scholars, and five members (& 11 academic team honorees) of USA Today's \"All\u2011USA College Academic First Team.\" Additionally, WVU has had three George C. Marshall (British) Scholars, five Morris K. Udall Scholars, 26 Boren Scholars, 63 Gilman Scholars, 64 Fulbright Scholars, three Department of Homeland Security Scholars, 32 Critical Language Scholars, one Jack Kent Cooke Foundation Graduate Scholar, five National Institute of Standards and Technology Fellowships, and 25 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Graduate Fellowships.", "Q916": "Angola ( (listen); Portuguese: [\u0250\u0303\u02c8\u0261\u0254l\u0250]), officially the Republic of Angola (Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica de Angola), is a country on the west coast of Southern Africa. It is the seventh-largest country in Africa, bordered by Namibia to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Zambia to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Angola has an exclave province, the province of Cabinda that borders the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital and largest city of Angola is Luanda.\nThe territory of Angola has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era, hosting a wide variety of ethnic groups, tribes and kingdoms. The nation state of Angola originated from Portuguese colonisation, which initially began with coastal settlements and trading posts founded in the 16th century. In the 19th century, European settlers gradually began to establish themselves in the interior. The Portuguese colony that became Angola did not have its present borders until the early 20th century because of resistance by groups such as the Cuamato, the Kwanyama and the Mbunda.\nAfter a protracted anti-colonial struggle, independence was achieved in 1975 as the Marxist\u2013Leninist People's Republic of Angola, a one-party state supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba. The civil war between the ruling People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the insurgent anti-communist National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), supported by the United States and apartheid South Africa, lasted until 2002. The sovereign state has since become a relatively stable unitary, presidential constitutional republic.\nAngola has vast mineral and petroleum reserves, and its economy is among the fastest-growing in the world, especially since the end of the civil war; however, the standard of living remains low for most of the population, and life expectancy in Angola is among the lowest in the world, while infant mortality is among the highest. Angola's economic growth is highly uneven, with most of the nation's wealth concentrated in a disproportionately small sector of the population.Angola is a member state of the United Nations, OPEC, African Union, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, and the Southern African Development Community. A highly multiethnic country, Angola's 25.8 million people span tribal groups, customs, and traditions. Angolan culture reflects centuries of Portuguese rule, in the predominance of the Portuguese language and of the Catholic Church.", "Q463765": "Never Been Kissed is a 1999 American romantic comedy film directed by Raja Gosnell and stars Drew Barrymore, David Arquette, Michael Vartan, Leelee Sobieski, Jeremy Jordan, Molly Shannon, Garry Marshall, John C. Reilly and James Franco in his film debut.", "Q94686": "Kiki is a 1931 American Pre-Code romantic comedy, starring Mary Pickford and Reginald Denny, which was directed by Sam Taylor. It was based upon the David Belasco play of the same name. The film is a remake of the 1926 version starring Norma Talmadge.", "Q113707": "Yasmine Amanda Bleeth (born June 14, 1968) is an American former actress. Her television roles include Caroline Holden on Baywatch, Ryan Fenelli on Ryan's Hope, and LeeAnn Demerest on One Life to Live.", "Q517796": "Augustina Stridsberg, formerly Augustina Jirku (1892\u20131978), was an American citizen, and the mother of Margietta Voge (n\u00e9e Jirku). Both mother and daughter worked for Soviet intelligence between 1943 and 1944. Stridsberg worked for the KGB San Francisco office. Her code name with Soviet intelligence, as deciphered by the Venona project, was \"Klara\".Stridsberg was also a writer and an interpreter as well as a literary translator.\n\n", "Q719717": "Sir Barnes Neville Wallis (26 September 1887 \u2013 30 October 1979), was an English scientist, engineer and inventor. He is best known for inventing the bouncing bomb used by the Royal Air Force in Operation Chastise (the \"Dambusters\" raid) to attack the dams of the Ruhr Valley during World War II.\nThe raid was the subject of the 1955 film The Dam Busters, in which Wallis was played by Michael Redgrave. Among his other inventions were his version of the geodetic airframe and the earthquake bomb.\n\n", "Q46918": "Roadside Romeo is a 2008 3D Indian-American computer animated romantic comedy film written and directed by Jugal Hansraj in his directorial debut., produced by Aditya Chopra and Yash Chopra of Yash Raj Films and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in United States, United Kingdom and India. The film follows a dog living in Mumbai, as voiced by Saif Ali Khan, and his girlfriend, Laila, voiced by Kareena Kapoor. This was the first voice-over in an animated production for both actors.\nIt was released on 24 October 2008 in the United States and India. An Arabic dub was released in Kuwait on a day earlier. This was the second Bollywood film to receive a North American release by a Hollywood studio, following Sony Pictures' Saawariya (2007). The film received generally negative reviews from critics, with most of the criticism focused on the film's script, predictable plot, Hansraj's direction and overuse of cliches.", "Q650303": "Riccardo Bacchelli (Italian pronunciation: [rik\u02c8kardo bak\u02c8k\u025blli]; 19 April 1891 \u2013 8 October 1985) was an Italian writer. In 1927 he was one of the founders of the review La Ronda and Bagutta Prize for literature. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature eight times.", "Q1389484": "Joe Dodge (February 9, 1922 \u2013 August 18, 2004) was an American jazz musician.A subtle and creative drummer, Dodge will probably always be better known for his role primarily as a timekeeper and accompanist who set a standard for blending propulsive swing, creating an adaptability that allowed him to remain in the background and not interfere with the soloist's line extended to a reluctance to take drum solos.Born in Monroe, Wisconsin, Dodge was raised and grew up in San Francisco, California. Dodge initially studied to be a symphonic percussionist, but like many young drummers of his generation, he was primarily influenced by Gene Krupa and later listened Jo Jones, Jimmy Crawford and Shelly Manne, different sources of inspiration that helped him to create his own creative style.\nDuring World War II, Dodge fulfilled his military duties from 1942 until 1945. While serving, he played drums in the Coast Artillery band, where he met tenor saxophonist Dave van Kriedt, who introduced him to Dave Brubeck and Paul Desmond. After demobilization in 1946, Dodge worked in several dixieland groups and dance bands around the Bay area.In 1950, Dodge became tired of road touring and economic instability and was able to get a job working in a bank. Nonetheless, he still kept in touch with Desmond, who arranged for him to play an engagement in an octet led by Brubeck as a temporary replacement for drummer Cal Tjader. By then, the Brubeck octet was playing at the San Francisco Opera House, where they opened the show for Nat King Cole and Woody Herman.A few years later, Desmond again recommended Dodge to Brubeck. As a result, he became the regular drummer of the Dave Brubeck Quartet, participating with the group in different music venues in the United States while recording five successful albums between 1953 and 1956. During the same period, Dodge was featured in two albums with different formats directed by Desmond.Late in 1956, Dodge was worn down by the travel and intense schedule with the quartet and wanted to spend more time with his family. He then told Brubeck it was time to look for another drummer and took a day job in San Francisco. Meanwhile, in the Quartet\u2019s New York stays, Desmond had heard the Marian McPartland trio at the Hickory House and was impressed with Joe Morello, the drummer who had been working with her since 1953. Desmond then said Brubeck that they should hire Morello, and when Brubeck heard Morello playing, he asked him if he would be interested in joining his group and the drummer did not jump at the opportunity.In 1957, Dodge had a chance to return to the jazz spotlight when bandleader Stan Kenton offered him a job as a transitory replacement for Mel Lewis, but Dodge decided to turn the offer down. From 1958 until he retired in 1981, he combined his activities working in the liquor business with musical engagements in the evenings.Dodge kept in contact with Desmond until the saxophonist's death in 1977 and never lost touch with Brubeck. At one point, Dodge played at Brubeck's fiftieth wedding anniversary in 1992 at the Claremont Hotel in Oakland, where he shared time with many of the pianist's former colleagues.Joe Dodge died in 2004 in Lake Elsinore, California, at the age of 82.\n\n", "Q232017": "Dig Your Grave Friend... Sabata's Coming (Spanish: Abre tu fosa, amigo... llega S\u00e1bata) is a 1971 Spanish western film directed by Juan Bosch and starring by Richard Harrison, Fernando Sancho and Raf Baldassarre. It was scored by Enrique Escobar.", "Q956357": "The Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629\u200e, Al-Mamlakah al-\u1e24ij\u0101zyah Al-H\u0101shim\u012byah) was a state in the Hejaz region in the Middle East (modern-day western Saudi Arabia), the western portion of the Arabian peninsula ruled by the Hashemite dynasty. It achieved national independence in 1916 after the destruction of the Ottoman Empire by the British Empire during World War I when the Sharif of Mecca fought in alliance with the British Imperial forces to drive the Ottoman Army from the Arabian Peninsula during the Arab Revolt.\nThe new kingdom had a brief life and then was conquered in 1925 by the neighbouring Sultanate of Nejd under a resurgent House of Saud, creating the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.On 23 September 1932, the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd joined the Saudi dominions of al-Hasa and Qatif, as the unified Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.", "Q160931": "Pope Hormisdas (450 \u2013 6 August 523) was the bishop of Rome from 20 July 514 to his death. His papacy was dominated by the Acacian schism, started in 484 by Acacius of Constantinople's efforts to placate the Monophysites. His efforts to resolve this schism were successful, and on 28 March 519, the reunion between Constantinople and Rome was ratified in the cathedral of Constantinople before a large crowd.", "Q307906": "Raif \u00d6zkan U\u011fur (born October 17, 1953) is a Turkish pop musician, member of the renowned band MF\u00d6 and an actor.\nHe was born as the 5th child of his family. He graduated Re\u015fat Nuri G\u00fcntekin Primary School where he met and started playing mandolin. Afterwards, while he was studying in Fenerbah\u00e7e High School, he formed a band called Atomikler and covered popular songs of the time.\nHe started his career as a musician in the \u015eerif Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131o\u011flu Orchestra as a bass guitarist. In 1971, \u00d6zkan joined Mazhar Alanson and Fuat G\u00fcner in the duo \"Kayg\u0131s\u0131zlar\" (\"The Unworrieds\") The band was dissolved in 1972. Between 1972 and 1975, \u00d6zkan played Anatolian rock music with Bar\u0131\u015f Man\u00e7o in his band Kurtalan Ekspres, in \"TER\" of Erkin Koray, \"Dostlar\" of Edip Akbayram, \"Karda\u015flar\" of Seyhan Karabay and \"Dada\u015flar\" of Ersen. In 1976, he left Anatolian rock music genre and joined the quintet \"\u0130pucu\" led by the MF\u00d6 trio. \u00d6zkan formed in 1978 the band \"Grup Karma\" with Galip Boransu and Cengiz Teoman. He is now playing in the group MF\u00d6 (the three letters stand for the names of the three members: Mazhar Alanson, Fuat G\u00fcner, \u00d6zkan U\u011fur). While playing the bass guitar in MF\u00d6, he performs incredibly difficult vocals with his tenor timbre. He released \"Aynada\" (\"In The Mirror\" in Turkish) single from DMC in 2016.\nHe was also a judge in O Ses T\u00fcrkiye (Turkish version of The Voice).", "Q461172": "John Langenus (born 9 December 1891, Antwerp, Belgium; died 1 October 1952 Antwerp) was a Belgian football referee, who officiated for FIFA in three World Cup competitions, including the first ever Final match in 1930.", "Q14938": "Bernburg (Saale) is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, capital of the Salzlandkreis district. The former residence of the Anhalt-Bernburg princes is known for its Renaissance castle.", "Q1699312": "John Benitez (born November 7, 1957), also known as Jellybean, is an American drummer, guitarist, songwriter, DJ, remixer and music producer of Puerto Rican descent. He has produced and remixed artists such as Madonna, Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson and the Pointer Sisters. In December 2016, Billboard magazine ranked him as the 99th most successful dance artist of all-time.", "Q74014": "Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning is a 2004 Canadian horror film and a prequel to Ginger Snaps and Ginger Snaps 2: Unleashed. The third and final installment in the Ginger Snaps series takes place in 19th century Canada, following the Fitzgerald sisters of the two previous films: Ginger (Katharine Isabelle) and Brigitte (Emily Perkins), who are identical in all respects to their modern-day counterparts.", "Q62676": "G\u00f6tz Otto (born 15 October 1967) is a German film and television actor who is perhaps best known internationally for his roles as henchman Richard Stamper in the 1997 James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies, as Adolf Hitler's adjutant Otto G\u00fcnsche in the 2004 World War II film Downfall, and as Nazi commander Klaus Adler in the 2012 comic science fiction film Iron Sky.", "Q9682": "Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.Elizabeth was born in London, the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and she was educated privately at home. Her father ascended the throne on the abdication of his brother King Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. In 1947, she married Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, a former prince of Greece and Denmark, with whom she has four children: Charles, Prince of Wales; Anne, Princess Royal; Prince Andrew, Duke of York; and Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex.\nWhen her father died in February 1952, Elizabeth became head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon. She has reigned as a constitutional monarch through major political changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. Between 1956 and 1992, the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence, and as realms, including South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon (renamed Sri Lanka), became republics. Her many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and visits to or from five popes. Significant events have included her coronation in 1953 and the celebrations of her Silver, Golden, and Diamond Jubilees in 1977, 2002, and 2012, respectively. In 2017, she became the first British monarch to reach a Sapphire Jubilee. She is the longest-lived and longest-reigning British monarch. She is the longest-serving female head of state in world history, and the world's oldest living monarch, longest-reigning current monarch, and oldest and longest-serving current head of state.\nElizabeth has occasionally faced republican sentiments and press criticism of the royal family, in particular after the breakdown of her children's marriages, her annus horribilis in 1992, and the death in 1997 of her former daughter-in-law Diana, Princess of Wales. However, in the United Kingdom, support for the monarchy has been and remains consistently high, as does her personal popularity.", "Q928845": "The Life and Times of Juniper Lee (also known simply as Juniper Lee) is an American animated television series created by former MTV reality star Judd Winick and produced by Cartoon Network Studios. It premiered on May 30, 2005, on Cartoon Network and ended its run on April 9, 2007. The show currently reruns on Pogo in India, Boing in Nigeria, South Africa and France, Boomerang in Thailand and Tooncast in Latin America.\nOn April 11, 2017, it was added to Boomerang's streaming app in the United States, making it one of the few shows that are on the app that did not air on the actual Boomerang channel in the US. While it was only broadcast in full screen 4:3, Juniper Lee was the very first Cartoon Network original series to be produced in a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9.\n\n", "Q234466": "Jolene Blalock (born March 5, 1975) is an American actress and model, best known for playing the Vulcan first officer and science officer T'Pol on the UPN science-fiction series Star Trek: Enterprise. She has also guest-starred on television series and films.", "Q1181074": "Dean Anthony Fertita (born September 6, 1970) is an American rock multi-instrumentalist. He is best known as a member of the hard rock band Queens of the Stone Age, and as the guitarist and keyboardist for the Dead Weather.\nFertita was the lead singer and guitarist of the Waxwings from the band's formation in 1997 to its breakup in 2005. Fertita then moved on to collaborate with Brendan Benson, playing keyboards and guitar on Benson's solo releases and as a touring keyboard player for the Raconteurs. In 2007, Fertita joined Queens of the Stone Age to replace the late Natasha Shneider on keyboards and occasionally guitar on some songs. In 2009, Fertita released his debut album as a solo artist.\nIn 2015, Fertita collaborated with his Queens of the Stone Age bandmate Josh Homme in recording Iggy Pop's studio album, Post Pop Depression (2016).", "Q148065": "Francisco Jer\u00f3nimo de Jes\u00fas Lagos Ch\u00e1zaro Mortero (Tlacotalpan, Veracruz, September 20, 1878 \u2013 November 13, 1932 in Mexico City) was the acting President of Mexico designated by the Convention of Aguascalientes from June 10, 1915 to October 10, 1915.", "Q233309": "A brain tumor occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain. There are two main types of tumors: cancerous (malignant) tumors and benign (non-cancerous) tumors. Cancerous tumors can be divided into primary tumors, which start within the brain, and secondary tumors, which have spread from elsewhere, known as brain metastasis tumors. All types of brain tumors may produce symptoms that vary depending on the part of the brain involved. These symptoms may include headaches, seizures, problems with vision, vomiting and mental changes. The headache is classically worse in the morning and goes away with vomiting. Other symptoms may include difficulty walking, speaking or with sensations. As the disease progresses, unconsciousness may occur.The cause of most brain tumors is unknown. Uncommon risk factors include exposure to vinyl chloride, Epstein\u2013Barr virus, ionizing radiation, and inherited syndromes such as neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, and von Hippel-Lindau Disease. Studies on mobile phone exposure have not shown a clear risk. The most common types of primary tumors in adults are meningiomas (usually benign) and astrocytomas such as glioblastomas. In children, the most common type is a malignant medulloblastoma. Diagnosis is usually by medical examination along with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The result is then often confirmed by a biopsy. Based on the findings, the tumors are divided into different grades of severity.Treatment may include some combination of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. If seizures occur, anticonvulsant medication may be needed. Dexamethasone and furosemide are medications that may be used to decrease swelling around the tumor. Some tumors grow gradually, requiring only monitoring and possibly needing no further intervention. Treatments that use a person's immune system are being studied. Outcome varies considerably depending on the type of tumor and how far it has spread at diagnosis. Although benign tumors only grow in one area, they may still be life-threatening due to their location. Glioblastomas usually have very poor outcomes, while meningiomas usually have good outcomes. The average five-year survival rate for all brain cancers in the United States is 33%.Secondary, or metastatic, brain tumors are about four times as common as primary brain tumors, with about half of metastases coming from lung cancer. Primary brain tumors occur in around 250,000 people a year globally, making up less than 2% of cancers. In children younger than 15, brain tumors are second only to acute lymphoblastic leukemia as the most common form of cancer. In Australia, the average lifetime economic cost of a case of brain cancer is $1.9 million, the greatest of any type of cancer.\n\n", "Q128949": "Miriam \"Miri\" Regev (Hebrew: \u05de\u05b4\u05e8\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05dd \"\u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\" \u05e8\u05b6\u05d2\u05b6\u05d1; born Miriam Siboni on May 26, 1965) is an Israeli politician and a former Brigadier-general in the Israel Defense Forces, in which she served as IDF Spokeswoman. She is currently a member of the Knesset for Likud, and Minister of Culture and Sport. On June 14, 2017, she was appointed acting PM to serve while PM Netanyahu would be abroad.\n\n", "Q86282": "Claas Hugo Humbert (5 August 1830 \u2013 26 May 1904) was a German scientist and writer.", "Q1794144": "Kurt Streit (born 14 October 1959 in Itazuke, Fukuoka, Japan) is an Austrian-American tenor who performs in operas.", "Q65119": "Pfungen is a municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q311802": "Giuseppe Ungaretti (Italian: [d\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bppe u\u014b\u0261a\u02c8retti]; 8 February 1888 \u2013 2 June 1970) was an Italian modernist poet, journalist, essayist, critic, academic, and recipient of the inaugural 1970 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. A leading representative of the experimental trend known as Ermetismo (\"Hermeticism\"), he was one of the most prominent contributors to 20th century Italian literature. Influenced by symbolism, he was briefly aligned with futurism. Like many futurists, he took an irredentist position during World War I. Ungaretti debuted as a poet while fighting in the trenches, publishing one of his best-known pieces, L'allegria (\"The Joy\").\nDuring the interwar period, Ungaretti was a collaborator of Benito Mussolini (whom he met during his socialist accession), as well as a foreign-based correspondent for Il Popolo d'Italia and Gazzetta del Popolo. While briefly associated with the Dadaists, he developed Hermeticism as a personal take on poetry. After spending several years in Brazil, he returned home during World War II, and was assigned a teaching post at the University of Rome, where he spent the final decades of his life and career. His fascist past was the subject of controversy.", "Q116119": "Paul Usteri (14 February 1768, Zurich \u2013 9 April 1831, Zurich) was a Swiss physician, botanist, publicist and politician.\nIn 1788 he received his medical doctorate from the University of G\u00f6ttingen, afterwards working as an instructor at the Zurich medical institute (1789\u20131798). During this time period, he was also overseer of the botanical garden for the Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Z\u00fcrich (Society of Natural Sciences in Zurich). During the French Revolution, his interests turned to politics \u2014 from 1797 until his death in 1831, he held various government offices in Switzerland. In 1801 he was named president of the Helvetian legislative council.In 1787, with Johann Jakob R\u00f6mer, he founded the botanical journal \"Magazin f\u00fcr die Botanik\". In 1790 he published the treatise \"Delectus opusculorum botanicorum\". As a taxonomist he circumscribed the plant genus Biondea (family Elaeocarpaceae). In 1793, the genus Usteria (family Scrophulariaceae) was named in his honor by Antonio Jos\u00e9 Cavanilles.", "Q318198": "Baron Bo Gustaf Bertelsson Carpelan (25 October 1926 \u2013 11 February 2011) was a Finnish poet and author. He published his first book of poems in 1946, and received his Ph.D. in 1960. Carpelan, who wrote in Swedish, composed numerous books of verse, as well as several novels and short stories.In 1997, he won the Swedish Academy Nordic Prize, known as the 'little Nobel'. He was the first person to have received the Finlandia Prize twice (in 1993 and 2005). He won the 2006 European Prize for Literature. His poem, Winter was Hard, was set to music by composer Aulis Sallinen. He also wrote the libretto for Erik Bergman's only opera, Det sjungande tr\u00e4det.Carpelan died of cancer on 11 February 2011. He is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki. He was a member of the Finnish noble family Carpelan.", "Q468156": "James Oliver \"Jim\" Curwood (June 12, 1878 \u2013 August 13, 1927) was an American action-adventure writer and conservationist. His books were often based on adventures set in the Hudson's Bay area, the Yukon or Alaska and ranked among the top-ten best sellers in the United States in the early and mid 1920s, according to Publishers Weekly. At least one hundred and eighty motion pictures have been based on or directly inspired by his novels and short stories; one was produced in three versions from 1919 to 1953. At the time of his death, Curwood was the highest paid (per word) author in the world.\n\nHe built Curwood Castle as a place to greet guests and as a writing studio in his hometown of Owosso, Michigan. The castle was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is now operated by the city as a museum. The city commemorates him with an annual Curwood Festival.", "Q224113": "Robert Ludlum (May 25, 1927 \u2013 March 12, 2001) was an American author of 27 thriller novels, best known as the creator of Jason Bourne from the original The Bourne Trilogy series. The number of copies of his books in print is estimated between 300 million and 500 million. They have been published in 33 languages and 40 countries. Ludlum also published books under the pseudonyms Jonathan Ryder and Michael Shepherd.", "Q14086": "Marissa Ann Mayer (; born May 30, 1975) is an American businesswoman and investor. She is an information technology executive, and co-founder of Lumi Labs. Mayer formerly served as the president and chief executive officer of Yahoo!, a position she held from July 2012. It was announced in January 2017 that she would step down from the company's board upon the sale of Yahoo!'s operating business to Verizon Communications for $4.8 billion. She would not join the newly combined company, now called Verizon Media (formerly Oath), and announced her resignation on June 13, 2017. She is a graduate of Stanford University and was a long-time executive, usability leader, and key spokeswoman for Google (employee #20).", "Q12101508": "Nadine Dobrovolska\u00efa-Zavadska\u00efa (Ukrainian: \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0456\u044f \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0456\u0457\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430-\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430; 25 September [O.S. 13 September] 1878 in Kiev, Russian Empire \u2013 31 October 1954 in Milan, Italy) was a Ukrainian, Russian and French researcher, surgeon and geneticist. She was born in Kiev, studied in Saint Petersburg and was the first woman to become professor of surgery in Russian Empire in 1918. Later she took part in Russian Civil War and fled to Egypt just to find second home in Paris. There she made a genetic and oncology research career discovering Brachyury gene in mice. Also she established RIII mouse strain which helped to discover MMTV retrovirus.", "Q157623": "Vasily Andreyevich Zhukovsky (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0416\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, romanized: Vasiliy Andreyevich Zhukovskiy) was the foremost Russian poet of the 1810s and a leading figure in Russian literature in the first half of the 19th century. He held a high position at the Romanov court as tutor to the Grand Duchess Alexandra Feodorovna and later to her son, the future Tsar-Liberator Alexander II.\nZhukovsky is credited with introducing the Romantic Movement into Russia. The main body of his literary output consists of free translations covering an impressively wide range of poets, from ancients like Ferdowsi and Homer to his contemporaries Goethe, Schiller, Byron, and others. Many of his translations have become classics of Russian literature, better written and more enduring in Russian than in their original languages.\n\n", "Q109039": "Clemens Carl Otto Schmalstich (8 October 1880, Posen \u2013 15 July 1960, Berlin) was a German composer, conductor, and Nazi Politician", "Q110568": "Arnold Marquis (6 April 1921 \u2013 24 November 1990) was a German actor and voice talent. He was one of the best known and most frequently used dubbing voices of Germany, known especially as the voice of \"tough guys\" like John Wayne, Charles Bronson or Lee Marvin.", "Q4492353": "Eve Frank or Eva Frank (1754 \u2013 1816 or 1817), born in Nikopol, Ottoman Empire (now Bulgaria) under the name Rebecca or Rachel, was a mystic cult leader, and the only woman to have been declared a Jewish messiah. She was the daughter of Jacob Frank, the claimant to the position of Jewish messiah in the 18th century, and, allegedly, Sophie Ascania/Catherine the Great.", "Q90386": "Bert Fortell (1924-1996) was an Austrian actor.", "Q55964": "Anna Lowenstein or L\u00f6wenstein (born 1951) is a British Esperantist. She worked for the World Esperanto Association 1977\u20131981. Under the name Anna Brennan she founded and was editor of the feminist magazine Sekso kaj Egaleco 1979\u20131988, and she edited the 'easy language' section of Kontakto 1983\u20131986. She has written some non-fiction, and two novels. Her historical novel The Stone City (La \u015ctona Urbo), was first published in English and Esperanto in 1999, and has since been translated into French (2010) and Hungarian (2014). Her second novel Morto de artisto (2008) was published in Esperanto. She is well known as a journalist, teacher and activist in the Esperanto movement, and has been a member of the Academy of Esperanto since 2001.\nShe is married to Renato Corsetti, a former president of the World Esperanto Association. The couple lived together in Italy from 1981, but since 2015 they have been living in the UK.", "Q705458": "Elgin Baylor Lumpkin (born October 15, 1970), better known by his stage name Ginuwine, is an American singer, dancer, and actor. Ginuwine began his career as a member of Swing Mob in the early 1990s. Signing to Epic Records as a solo artist in the mid-1990s, Ginuwine has released a number of multi-platinum and platinum-selling albums and singles, becoming one of R&B's top artists during the late 1990s and early 2000s. He had significant commercial success with his first four albums: Ginuwine...The Bachelor (2\u00d7 Platinum), 100% Ginuwine (2\u00d7 Platinum), The Life (Platinum), and The Senior (Gold). According to Billboard, Ginuwine has sold roughly 10 million albums in the US.", "Q39672": "Matthew William Sorum (born November 19, 1960) is an American drummer and percussionist. He is best known as both a former member of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he recorded three studio albums, and as a member of the supergroup Velvet Revolver. Sorum is currently a member of the touring project, Kings of Chaos, and is a former member of both the Cult and Y Kant Tori Read. Sorum was also a member of Guns N' Roses side-projects, Slash's Snakepit and Neurotic Outsiders, and has released two solo albums, Hollywood Zen (2004) and Stratosphere (2014). He has been the drummer for the supergroup Hollywood Vampires since 2015. His latest project is Deadland Ritual, featuring Black Sabbath bassist Geezer Butler, Billy Idol guitarist Steve Stevens, and Apocalyptica vocalist Franky Perez.\nAfter performing on synthpop band Y Kant Tori Read's sole album, Sorum joined the Cult in 1989 to tour in support of their fourth studio album, Sonic Temple (1989). During the tour, Sorum was spotted by Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash and subsequently replaced their drummer Steven Adler in 1990. Remaining in the band for seven years, Sorum recorded the albums, Use Your Illusion I (1991), Use Your Illusion II (1991), and \"The Spaghetti Incident?\" (1993), before departing in 1997 following an argument with Axl Rose.\nIn 1999, Sorum rejoined The Cult to perform on their reunion album, Beyond Good and Evil (2001), and its subsequent 2000/ 2001 tours, and subsequently co-founded the hard rock supergroup Velvet Revolver, alongside former Guns N' Roses bandmates, Slash and Duff McKagan. The band, which included guitarist Dave Kushner and Stone Temple Pilots frontman Scott Weiland, released two successful studio albums, Contraband (2004) and Libertad (2007), before entering an extended hiatus following Weiland's departure.\nSorum has been a permanent member of hard rock cover band Camp Freddy since 2003, alongside Jane's Addiction members Dave Navarro and Chris Chaney, and assisted in hosting its radio show and podcast on Indie 103.1. In 2012, Sorum founded a touring project, entitled Kings of Chaos, featuring members of Guns N' Roses, Deep Purple, Def Leppard, Aerosmith, ZZ Top, Cheap Trick and Slipknot.\nIn 2012, Sorum was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N' Roses.", "Q67068": "Bubikon is a municipality in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q1366643": "Swiss Standard German (German: Schweizer Standarddeutsch), or Swiss High German (German: Schweizer Hochdeutsch or Schweizerhochdeutsch), referred to by the Swiss as Schriftdeutsch, or Hochdeutsch, is the written form of one of four official languages in Switzerland, besides French, Italian and Romansh. It is a variety of Standard German, used in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. It is mainly written, and rather less often spoken.\nSwiss Standard German is not a German dialect, but a variety of standard German. It is not to be confused with Swiss German, an umbrella term for the various Alemannic German dialects (in the sense of \"traditional regional varieties\") that are the default everyday languages in German-speaking Switzerland.\nGerman is a pluricentric language. In contrast with other local varieties of German, Swiss Standard German has distinctive features in all linguistic domains: not only in phonology, but also in vocabulary, syntax, morphology and orthography. These characteristics of Swiss Standard German are called Helvetisms. Besides influences from Alemannic German, those characteristics include extensive use of loan words from Romance languages, especially French.", "Q229437": "Donatella Francesca Versace (Italian: [dona\u02c8t\u025blla fran\u02c8t\u0283eska ver\u02c8sa\u02d0t\u0283e]; born 2 May 1955) is an Italian fashion designer and businesswoman. She is the current chief creative officer of Versace, a division of Capri Holdings. Versace was founded by her brother, Gianni Versace, and upon his death in 1997, Donatella inherited 20% of the company and became its chief executive officer. Versace was sold to Capri Holdings in 2018, although Donatella still remains involved.", "Q1875953": "Brigadier General Cornelius \"Neily\" Vanderbilt III (September 5, 1873 \u2013 March 1, 1942) was an American military officer, inventor, engineer, and yachtsman. He was a member of the Vanderbilt family.", "Q58298": "Alexandru Marghiloman (4 July 1854 \u2013 10 May 1925) was a Romanian conservative statesman who served for a short time in 1918 (March\u2013October) as Prime Minister of Romania, and had a decisive role during World War I.\n\n", "Q943982": "Rites of Spring was an American post-hardcore band from Washington, D.C., in the mid-1980s, known for their energetic live performances. Along with Embrace, and Beefeater, they were one of the mainstay acts of the 1985 Revolution Summer movement which took place within the Washington, D.C. hardcore punk scene. Musically, Rites of Spring increased the frenetic violence and visceral passion of hardcore while simultaneously experimenting with its compositional rules. Lyrically, they also shifted hardcore into intensely personal realms and, in doing so, are often considered the first emo band but Rites of Spring itself rejected any association between themselves and emo genres.The band only performed around 15 shows in the DC area. Vocalist/guitarist Guy Picciotto and drummer Brendan Canty went on to play in Fugazi with producer and former Minor Threat singer Ian MacKaye in the late 1980s, while bassist Mike Fellows formed Mighty Flashlight and has had a solo career.", "Q2015423": "Ofer Nimrodi (Hebrew: \u05e2\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8 \u05e0\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u200e; born May 23, 1957) is an Israeli jurist, businessman, and former publisher.\nOfer, together with his father, Yaakov Nimrodi, and other members of the Nimrodi family, own a large group of companies and enterprises, primarily in the fields of real estate, the media, and energy.", "Q16849": "Matti Ensio Nyk\u00e4nen (pronunciation ) (17 July 1963 \u2013 4 February 2019) was a Finnish ski jumper who competed from 1981 to 1991. Widely considered to be the greatest male ski jumper of all time, he won five Winter Olympic medals (four gold), nine World Championship medals (five gold), and 22 Finnish Championship medals (14 gold). Most notably, he won three gold medals at the 1988 Winter Olympics, becoming, along with Yvonne van Gennip of the Netherlands, the most medaled athlete at that Olympiad.\nNyk\u00e4nen is the only ski jumper in history to have won all five of the sport's major events: a gold medal at the Winter Olympics (three times), the Ski Jumping World Championships (once), the Ski Flying World Championships (once), four World Cup overall titles, and the Four Hills Tournament (twice). His four World Cup titles is an all-time record shared with Adam Ma\u0142ysz and Sara Takanashi. Nyk\u00e4nen remains the only male five-time ski flying world record holder in history.\nFrom the 1990s onwards, Nyk\u00e4nen's status as a celebrity was mainly fueled by his personal relationships, his career as a pop singer, and various incidents often related to heavy use of alcohol and violent behaviour. He was sentenced to 26 months in prison following a stabbing incident in 2004, and again for 16 months following an aggravated assault on his wife in 2009.", "Q82782": "Stanis\u0142aw Siela\u0144ski (8 August 1899 \u2013 28 April 1955) was a Polish film and cabaret actor. He appeared in more than 50 films between 1929 and 1943.", "Q279200": "Vittorio Jano (Hungarian: J\u00e1nos Viktor; 22 April 1891 \u2013 13 March 1965) was an Italian automobile designer of Hungarian descent from the 1920s through 1960s.\nJano was born Viktor J\u00e1nos in San Giorgio Canavese, in Piedmont, to Hungarian immigrants, who arrived there several years earlier. He began at the car and truck company Societ\u00e0 Torinese Automobili Rapid owned by G.B. Ceirano. In 1911 he moved to Fiat under Luigi Bazzi. He moved with Bazzi to Alfa Romeo in 1923 to replace Giuseppe Merosi as chief engineer. \nAt Alfa Romeo his first design was the 8-cylinder in-line mounted P2 Grand Prix car, which won Alfa Romeo the inaugural world championship for Grand Prix cars in 1925. In 1932, he produced the sensational P3 model which later was raced with great success by Enzo Ferrari when he began Scuderia Ferrari in 1933.\nFor Alfa road cars Jano developed a series of small-to-medium-displacement 4-, 6-, and 8-cylinder inline power plants based on the P2 unit that established the classic architecture of Alfa engines, with light alloy construction, hemispherical combustion chambers, centrally located plugs, two rows of overhead valves per cylinder bank and dual overhead cams. In 1936 he designed the Alfa Romeo 12C using a V12 engine. The car was not successful and this is given as the reason for Vittorio Jano's resignation from Alfa Romeo at the end of 1937.\nThat same year, Jano moved to Lancia. Among his designs at Lancia was the Grand Prix effort. The car, the Lancia D50, was introduced in 1954, but 1955's loss of Alberto Ascari and the 1955 Le Mans disaster soured the company on GP racing. Ferrari took over the effort and inherited Jano that same year.\nJano's contribution to Ferrari was significant. Immediately he began work on new V12 engine to replace existing inline-4-engined sports cars. In 1956 his new Jano V12 engine was introduced in the Ferrari 290 MM. New series of the Jano-engined sports cars helped secure two World Sportscar Championship titles. With the encouragement of Enzo's son, Alfredo, the Jano's V6 engines pushed the bigger Lampredi and Colombo engines aside in some races. After Dino's death, Jano's \"Dino\" V6 became the basis for the company's Formula Two and Tasman Series efforts. Later, with experience in both Ferrari and Dino mid-engine sports prototypes it laid a groundwork for their first mid-engined road car, the 1967 Dino 206 GT. The V6 and V8 went on to displace Ferrari's V12 focus and their descendants continue to be used today.\nLike Enzo Ferrari, Jano lost his own son in 1965. He became gravely ill that same year and committed suicide in Turin.", "Q577704": "Nikolai Ivanovich Nadezhdin (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0438\u043d) (October 17 [O.S. October 5] 1804 \u2013 January 23 [O.S. January 11] 1856) was a Russian literary critic and Russia's first ethnographer.", "Q69045": "Ernst Carl Julius Albrecht (29 June 1930 \u2013 13 December 2014) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union and a former high-ranking European civil servant. He was one of the first European civil servants appointed in 1958 and served as Director-General of the Directorate-General for Competition from 1967 to 1970. He served as Minister President of the state of Lower Saxony from 1976 to 1990. He was the father of the politician Ursula von der Leyen, the President of the European Commission.", "Q333692": "Roy Sydney George Hattersley, Baron Hattersley, PC, FRSL (born 28 December 1932), is a British Labour politician, author and journalist from Sheffield. He was MP for Birmingham Sparkbrook for 33 years from 1964 to 1997. He served as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1983 to 1992.", "Q258999": "Claire Elizabeth Foy (born 16 April 1984) is an English actress. She studied acting at the Liverpool John Moores University and the Oxford School of Drama, and made her screen debut in the pilot of the supernatural comedy series Being Human, in 2008. Following her professional stage debut at the Royal National Theatre, she played the title role in the BBC One miniseries Little Dorrit (2008) and made her film debut in the American historical fantasy drama Season of the Witch (2011). Following leading roles in the television series The Promise (2011) and Crossbones (2014), Foy received praise for portraying the ill-fated queen Anne Boleyn in the miniseries Wolf Hall (2015).\nFoy gained international recognition for portraying the young Queen Elizabeth II in the first two seasons of the Netflix series The Crown (2016\u20132017), for which she won a Golden Globe and a Primetime Emmy, among other awards. In 2018, she starred in Steven Soderbergh's psychological thriller Unsane and portrayed Janet Shearon, wife of astronaut Neil Armstrong, in Damien Chazelle's biopic First Man. For the latter, she was nominated for a BAFTA and a Golden Globe.", "Q709935": "Leroy Chiao (born August 28, 1960) is a Chinese-American engineer, former NASA astronaut, entrepreneur, motivational speaker, and engineering consultant. Chiao flew on three Space Shuttle flights, and was the commander of Expedition 10, where he lived on board the International Space Station from October 13, 2004 to April 24, 2005. He is also a co-author and researcher for the Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity project.", "Q164766": "100.000 dollari per Ringo is a 1965 Spaghetti Western film directed by Alberto De Martino.\nIt was shown as part of a retrospective on Spaghetti Western at the 64th Venice International Film Festival.", "Q303751": "Richard Bartlett Schroder (born April 13, 1970) is an American actor and film director. As a child actor, billed as Ricky Schroder, Schroder debuted in the film The Champ (1979), going on to become a child star on the sitcom Silver Spoons. He has continued acting as an adult, usually billed as Rick Schroder, notably as \"Newt\" on the western miniseries Lonesome Dove (1989) and in the crime-drama series NYPD Blue.", "Q529491": "Anetta Kahane (born 1954 in East Berlin) is a German left-wing \njournalist, author and activist against antisemitism, racism and right-wing extremism. In 1998 she founded the Amadeu Antonio Foundation, which she leads since 2003. From 1974 to 1982 she had been an informant of the former East German Stasi.\nThis past has been used to discredit her and her work since 2002.", "Q443884": "A\u00efssa Ma\u00efga is a Senegal-born French actress, director, writer, producer, and activist. Ma\u00efga has worked with major auteurs like Michael Haneke, Abderrahmane Sissako and Michel Gondry, and recently starred in Chiwetel Ejiofor\u2019s directorial debut.Ma\u00efga is an advocate for inclusion and has been vocal about racial discrimination in the film industry throughout her career. Ma\u00efga was inspired to speak out and create the DiasporAct collective after realising she was often the sole performer of colour to receive top billing and awards season attention\u2014despite the abundance of diverse talent around her.", "Q66821": "Grellingen is a municipality in the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q2179710": "George Washington Wilson (7 February 1823 \u2013 9 March 1893) was a pioneering Scottish photographer. In 1849, he began a career as a portrait miniaturist, switching to portrait photography in 1852. He received a contract to photograph the Royal Family, working for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. He pioneered various techniques for outdoor photography and the mass production of photographic prints as he gradually began to largely do landscape photography in the 1860s. By 1864 he claimed to have sold over half a million prints.", "Q57424": "This name uses Portuguese naming customs. the first or maternal family name is Serifo and the second or paternal family name is Nhamadjo.Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo (25 March 1958 \u2013 17 March 2020) was a Guinea-Bissau politician who served as President of the National People's Assembly of Guinea-Bissau. He was a candidate in the abortive 2012 presidential election, placing third in the first round. Following an April 2012 military coup, he was designated as Acting President as part of a transitional arrangement.", "Q98255": "Sinan Akku\u015f (born December 17, 1971) is a Turkish-German director, writer and actor.\n\n", "Q72854": "Edda Moser (born 27 October 1938) is a German operatic soprano. She was particularly well known for her interpretations of music by Mozart. Her 1973 recital LP Virtuose Arien von WA Mozart received the Grand Prix du Disque.", "Q8775": "Riesa is a town in the district of Mei\u00dfen in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is located on the Elbe River, approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) northwest of Dresden.", "Q179051": "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor Jr.; April 16, 1947) is an American former professional basketball player who played 20 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Milwaukee Bucks and the Los Angeles Lakers. During his career as a center, Abdul-Jabbar was a record six-time NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP), a record 19-time NBA All-Star, a 15-time All-NBA selection, and an 11-time NBA All-Defensive Team member. A member of six NBA championship teams as a player and two more as an assistant coach, Abdul-Jabbar twice was voted NBA Finals MVP. In 1996, he was honored as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History. NBA coach Pat Riley and players Isiah Thomas and Julius Erving have called him the greatest basketball player of all time.After winning 71 consecutive basketball games on his high school team in New York City, Alcindor was recruited by Jerry Norman, the assistant coach of UCLA, where he played for coach John Wooden on three consecutive national championship teams and was a record three-time MVP of the NCAA Tournament. Drafted with the first overall pick by the one-season-old Bucks franchise in the 1969 NBA draft, Alcindor spent six seasons in Milwaukee. After leading the Bucks to its first NBA championship at age 24 in 1971, he took the Muslim name Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Using his trademark \"skyhook\" shot, he established himself as one of the league's top scorers. In 1975, he was traded to the Lakers, with whom he played the final 14 seasons of his career and won five additional NBA championships. Abdul-Jabbar's contributions were a key component in the \"Showtime\" era of Lakers basketball. Over his 20-year NBA career, his teams succeeded in making the playoffs 18 times and got past the first round 14 times; his teams reached the NBA Finals on 10 occasions.\nAt the time of his retirement at age 42 in 1989, Abdul-Jabbar was the NBA's all-time leader in points scored (38,387), games played (1,560), minutes played (57,446), field goals made (15,837), field goal attempts (28,307), blocked shots (3,189), defensive rebounds (9,394), career wins (1,074), and personal fouls (4,657). He remains the all-time leader in points scored, field goals made, and career wins. He is ranked third all-time in both rebounds and blocked shots. In 2007, ESPN voted him the greatest center of all time, in 2008, they named him the \"greatest player in college basketball history\", and in 2016, they named him the second best player in NBA history (behind Michael Jordan). Abdul-Jabbar has also been an actor, a basketball coach, and a best-selling author. In 2012, he was selected by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to be a U.S. global cultural ambassador. In 2016, President Barack Obama awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.\n\n", "Q659870": "Mellow Mark, (May 23, 1974 in Reutlingen, Germany) real name Mark Schlumberger, is a rap, reggae and soul musician.\n\n", "Q471188": "T\u00f5nu Trubetsky (born 24 April 1963), also known as Tony Blackplait, is an Estonian punk rock/glam punk musician, film and music video director, and individualist anarchist. He is a member of the princely Trubetskoy family.", "Q53642": "Carl Gustaf Ekman (6 October 1872 \u2013 15 June 1945) was a Swedish politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 1911 to 1932 (serving in both lower and upper houses), leader of the Freeminded People's Party between 1924 and 1932, and served as Prime Minister from 1926 to 1928 and again from 1930 to 1932.", "Q87375": "Audrey Arno (born Adrianna Medini; March 7, 1942 \u2013 June 9, 2012) was a German singer and actress. Her biggest success was in France in the 1960s, where for a time she was known simply as Audrey.", "Q321296": "Roman Frister (17 January 1928 \u2013 9 February 2015) wrote The Cap: The Price of a Life, an autobiographical account of his life living in Nazi occupied Poland and then Poland under the communists.\nFrister spent time in:\n\nthe Cracow detention centre, where Frister witnessed his mother's murder when she was struck with a pistol on the head by SS-Hauptsturmf\u00fchrer Wilhelm Kunde;\nStarachowice forced labor camp, where he witnessed his father die of typhoid fever;\nMauthausen;\nAuschwitz;\na death march to Mauthausen again, after which he was released.The Cap provides a frank account of his survival and includes much of his post-war life covering aspects of his career as an award-winning Israeli journalist after his emigration in 1957.\nIn 1967 Frister gave evidence at Wilhelm Kunde's trial held in Kiel, Germany. Kunde was sentenced to seven years.\nAfter immigrating to Israel, Frister became a prominent columnist and editor in the Israeli daily newspaper Haaretz. In 1990 he cofounded a school for journalism in Tel Aviv named \"Coteret\". In 2006 the school was incorporated into Tel Aviv University. Many of the school's graduates work is in Israeli media today. Frister died in Poland on 9 February 2015.Other books by Frister include:\n\nImpossible Love: Ascher Levi's Longing for Germany. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2003.\nLe-lo Pesharah [Uncompromising] (in Hebrew). Zemorah, Bitan. 1987. ISBN 978-9650304201.\nha-Zehut ha-genuvah [The Stolen Identity - Itzhak Liebmann's Double Life]. Zemorah, Bitan. 1985. ISBN 978-9650303228.\nAsiri Le Minyan [Tenth for a Minyan] (in Hebrew). Zemorah, Bitan. 1983. ISBN 978-9650300135.\nStormy Years. Bibleland Publications. 1975.", "Q1037": "Rwanda ( (listen); Kinyarwanda: u Rwanda [u.\u027e\u0261wa\u02d0.nda] (listen)), formerly Ruanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda (Kinyarwanda: Repubulika y'u Rwanda; Swahili: Jamhuri ya Rwanda; French: R\u00e9publique du Rwanda or R\u00e9publique Rwandaise), is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley where the African Great Lakes region and East Africa converge. One of the smallest countries on the African mainland, its capital city is Kigali. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is highly elevated with its geography dominated by mountains in the west and savanna to the east, with numerous lakes throughout the country. The climate is temperate to subtropical, with two rainy seasons and two dry seasons each year. Rwanda has a population of over 12.6 million living on 26,338 km2 of land, and is the most densely populated mainland African country.\nThe population is young and predominantly rural, with a density among the highest in Africa. Rwandans are drawn from just one cultural and linguistic group, the Banyarwanda, although within this group there are three subgroups: the Hutu, Tutsi and Twa. The Twa are a forest-dwelling pygmy people and are often considered descendants of Rwanda's earliest inhabitants. Scholars disagree on the origins of and differences between the Hutu and Tutsi; some believe differences are derived from former social castes within a single people, while others believe the Hutu and Tutsi arrived in the country separately, and from different locations. Christianity is the largest religion in the country; the principal language is Kinyarwanda, spoken by most Rwandans, with English and French serving as additional official languages. The sovereign state of Rwanda has a presidential system of government. The president is Paul Kagame of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), who has served continuously since 2000. Today, Rwanda has low levels of corruption compared with neighbouring countries, although human rights organisations report suppression of opposition groups, intimidation and restrictions on freedom of speech. The country has been governed by a strict administrative hierarchy since precolonial times; there are five provinces delineated by borders drawn in 2006. Rwanda is one of only three countries in the world with a female majority in the national parliament, the two other countries being Bolivia and Cuba.\nHunter-gatherers settled the territory in the Stone and Iron Ages, followed later by Bantu peoples. The population coalesced first into clans and then into kingdoms. The Kingdom of Rwanda dominated from the mid-eighteenth century, with the Tutsi kings conquering others militarily, centralising power and later enacting anti-Hutu policies. Germany colonised Rwanda in 1884 as part of German East Africa, followed by Belgium, which invaded in 1916 during World War I. Both European nations ruled through the kings and perpetuated a pro-Tutsi policy. The Hutu population revolted in 1959. They massacred numerous Tutsi and ultimately established an independent, Hutu-dominated republic in 1962. A 1973 military coup saw a change of leadership, but the pro-Hutu policy remained. The Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front launched a civil war in 1990. The presidents of Rwanda and Burundi, both Hutus, were killed when their aircraft was shot down on 6 April 1994. Social tensions erupted in the 1994 genocide that followed, in which Hutu extremists killed an estimated 500,000-1,000,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutu. The RPF ended the genocide with a military victory.\nRwanda's developing economy suffered heavily in the wake of the 1994 genocide, but has since strengthened. The economy is based mostly on subsistence agriculture. Coffee and tea are the major cash crops for export. Tourism is a fast-growing sector and is now the country's leading foreign exchange earner. Rwanda is one of only two countries in which mountain gorillas can be visited safely, and visitors pay high prices for gorilla tracking permits. Music and dance are an integral part of Rwandan culture, particularly drums and the highly choreographed intore dance. Traditional arts and crafts are produced throughout the country, including imigongo, a unique cow dung art.\nRwanda has been governed as a unitary presidential system with a bicameral parliament ruled by Rwandan Patriotic Front since 1994. The country is member of the African Union, the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, COMESA, OIF and the East African Community.", "Q89358": "Ekkehardt Belle (born 18 May 1954 in Glehn-Neuss, Germany) is a German television actor, best known for his role as David Balfour in the 1979 HTV production of Kidnapped opposite David McCallum.\nHe played several roles in the popular TV series Derrick during the 1980s.", "Q139475": "Zacharias Chrysopolitanus (d. c. 1155), also known as Zachary of Besan\u00e7on, was a biblical scholar of the Premonstratensian Order from Besan\u00e7on (Chrysopolis). He was headmaster of the cathedral school at Besan\u00e7on and then joined the Abbey of Saint Martin in Laon, where he concentrated on his writing. In about 1140 or 1145, he published a Gospel harmony with a grammatical and etymological explanation of the Greek, Hebrew, and some Latin words found in the text, under the title Unum ex quattuor, sive de concordia evangelistarum (printed in Migne's Patrologia Latina 186:11-620).\nThe work, divided into 181 chapters, is introduced by three prefaces: the first shows the relation of the Gospel to the Jewish Law, to philosophy, and to the symbols of the Evangelists; the second describes the Evangelists and their view of the mission of Christ; the third enumerates the authors he used. Zacharias attributes the work itself to Ammonius of Alexandria; either way, it is based on Tatian's Diatesseron. He differs in one notable exception from Ammonius, where he assumes that Christ made another journey to Samaria after his triumphant journey into Jerusalem. His commentary relies on the Latin Fathers, including Ambrose, Augustine, and Jerome. Among the teachers of the Middle Ages, he employs mostly Bede, Alcuin, and Remigius of Auxerre.", "Q106685": "Andrzej Witold Wajda (Polish: [\u02c8and\u0290\u025bj \u02c8vajda]; 6 March 1926 \u2013 9 October 2016) was a Polish film and theatre director. Recipient of an Honorary Oscar, the Palme d'Or, as well as Honorary Golden Lion and Honorary Golden Bear Awards, he was a prominent member of the \"Polish Film School\". He was known especially for his trilogy of war films consisting of A Generation (1954), Kana\u0142 (1956) and Ashes and Diamonds (1958).He is considered one of the world's most renowned filmmakers whose works chronicled his native country's political and social evolution and dealt with the myths of Polish national identity offering insightful analyses of the universal element of the Polish experience - the struggle to maintain dignity under the most trying circumstances.\nFour of his films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film: The Promised Land (1975), The Maids of Wilko (1979), Man of Iron (1981) and Katy\u0144 (2007).", "Q1124153": "Spinefarm Records is a Finnish record label focusing mainly on heavy metal artists.", "Q555994": "The Aq Qoyunlu or Ak Koyunlu, also called the White Sheep Turkomans (Persian: \u0622\u0642\u200c \u0642\u0648\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0648\u200e \u0100q Quy\u016bnl\u016b), was a Persianate Sunni Turkoman tribal confederation that ruled parts of present-day Eastern Turkey from 1378 to 1501, and in their last decades also ruled Armenia, Azerbaijan, most of Iran, and Iraq.", "Q22905": "Bradford (listen) is a city in West Yorkshire, England, in the foothills of the Pennines, 8.6 miles (14 km) west of Leeds, and 16 miles (26 km) north-west of Wakefield. Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847, and received its charter as a city in 1897. Following local government reform in 1974, city status was bestowed upon the City of Bradford metropolitan borough.\nBradford forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and is the fourth largest in the United Kingdom. Bradford itself has a population of 529,870, which makes it the seventh-largest city in the United Kingdom and the third-largest city in Yorkshire and the Humber after Leeds and Sheffield.Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Bradford rose to prominence in the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture, particularly wool. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements, rapidly becoming the \"wool capital of the world\". The area's access to a supply of coal, iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of Bradford's manufacturing base, which, as textile manufacture grew, led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment; Bradford has a large amount of listed Victorian architecture including the grand Italianate City Hall.The textile sector in Bradford fell into decline from the mid-20th century. Bradford has since emerged as a tourist destination, becoming the first UNESCO City of Film with attractions such as the National Science and Media Museum, Bradford City Park, the Alhambra theatre and Cartwright Hall. Bradford has faced similar challenges to the rest of post-industrial Northern England, including deindustrialisation, social unrest and economic deprivation.", "Q590410": "Christophe Rousset (French: [\u0281us\u025b]; born 12 April 1961) is an internationally renowned French harpsichordist and conductor, specializing in the performance of Baroque music on period instruments. He is also a musicologist, with a passion for opera and European music of the 17th and 18th centuries, and is the founder of the French music ensemble Les Talens Lyriques.", "Q440433": "Elroy Leon \"Crazylegs\" Hirsch (June 17, 1923 \u2013 January 28, 2004) was an American professional football player, sport executive and actor. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1967 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1974. He was also named to the all-time All-Pro team selected in 1968 and to the National Football League (NFL) 1950s All-Decade Team.\nA native of Wausau, Wisconsin, Hirsch played college football as a halfback at the University of Wisconsin and the University of Michigan, helping to lead both the 1942 Badgers and the 1943 Wolverines to No. 3 rankings in the final AP Polls. He received the nickname \"Crazylegs\" (sometimes \"Crazy Legs\") for his unusual running style.\nHirsch served in the United States Marine Corps from 1944 to 1946 and then played professional football in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) for the Chicago Rockets from 1946 to 1948 and in the NFL for the Los Angeles Rams from 1949 to 1957. During the 1951 season, Hirsch helped lead the Rams to the NFL championship and tied or broke multiple NFL records with 1,495 receiving yards, an average of 124.6 receiving yards per game (still the third highest season average in NFL history), and 17 touchdown receptions.\nHirsch had a brief career as a motion picture actor in the 1950s and served as the general manager for the Rams from 1960 to 1969 and as the athletic director for the University of Wisconsin from 1969 to 1987.", "Q212890": "Denis (Portuguese: Dinis or Diniz, IPA: [di\u02c8ni\u0283]; 9 October 1261 \u2013 7 January 1325 in Santar\u00e9m), called the Farmer King (Rei Lavrador) and the Poet King (Rei Poeta), was King of Portugal. The eldest son of Afonso III of Portugal by his second wife, Beatrice of Castile, and grandson of king Alfonso X of Castile (known as the Wise), Denis succeeded his father in 1279. His marriage to Elizabeth of Aragon, who was later canonised as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church, was arranged in 1281 when she was 10 years old.\nDenis ruled Portugal for over 46 years. He worked to reorganise his country's economy and gave an impetus to Portuguese agriculture. He ordered the planting of a large pine forest (that still exists today) near Leiria to prevent the soil degradation that threatened the region and as a source of raw materials for the construction of the royal ships. He was also known for his poetry, which constitutes an important contribution to the development of Portuguese as a literary language.\n\n", "Q337392": "Robert John \"Robin\" Finck (born November 7, 1971) is an American guitarist. He is one of only a few artists who has played in two different bands listed on VH1's \"100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock\": Nine Inch Nails (ranked no. 43) and Guns N' Roses (ranked no. 9).", "Q233686": "Mamie Geneva Eisenhower (n\u00e9e Doud; November 14, 1896 \u2013 November 1, 1979) was wife of United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower and thereby First Lady of the United States from 1953 to 1961.\nMamie married Dwight Eisenhower at age 19 in 1916. The young couple moved frequently between military quarters in many postings, from Panama to the Philippines. As First Lady, she entertained a wide range of foreign dignitaries, who reacted well to her confident style and clothing choices.\nMamie Eisenhower spent her retirement and widowhood at the family farm in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.", "Q281034": "Harry Edward Nilsson III (June 15, 1941 \u2013 January 15, 1994), known mononymously as Nilsson, was an American singer-songwriter who achieved the peak of his commercial success in the early 1970s. His work is characterized by pioneering vocal overdub experiments, returns to the Great American Songbook, and fusions of Caribbean sounds. A tenor with a 3\u00bd octave range, Nilsson was one of the few major pop-rock recording artists of his era to achieve significant commercial success without ever performing major public concerts or undertaking regular tours. The craft of his songs and the defiant attitude he projected remains a touchstone for later generations of indie rock musicians.Born in Brooklyn, Nilsson moved to Los Angeles as a teenager to escape his family's poor financial situation. While working as a computer programmer at a bank, he grew interested in musical composition and close-harmony singing, and was successful in having some of his songs recorded by various artists such as the Monkees. In 1967, he debuted on RCA Victor with the LP Pandemonium Shadow Show, followed by a variety of releases that include a collaboration with Randy Newman (Nilsson Sings Newman, 1970) and the original children's story The Point! (1971). His most commercially successful album, Nilsson Schmilsson (1971), produced the international top 10 singles \"Without You\" and \"Coconut\". His other top 10 hit, \"Everybody's Talkin'\" (1968), was featured prominently in the 1969 film Midnight Cowboy. A version of Nilsson's \"One\", released by Three Dog Night in 1969, also reached the U.S. top 10.During a 1968 press conference, the Beatles were asked what their favorite American group was and answered \"Nilsson\". Sometimes called \"the American Beatle\", he soon formed close friendships with John Lennon and Ringo Starr. In the 1970s, Nilsson and Lennon were members of the Hollywood Vampires drinking club, embroiling themselves in a number of widely publicized, alcohol-fueled incidents. They produced one collaborative album, Pussy Cats (1974). After 1977, Nilsson left RCA, and his record output diminished. In response to Lennon's 1980 murder, he took a hiatus from the music industry to campaign for gun control. For the rest of his life, he recorded only sporadically. In 1994, Nilsson died of a heart attack while in the midst of recording what became his last album, Losst and Founnd (2019).\nNilsson created the first remix album (Aerial Pandemonium Ballet, 1971) and recorded the first mashup song (\"You Can't Do That\", 1967). He was voted No. 62 in Rolling Stone's 2015 list of the \"100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\", where he was described as \"a pioneer of the Los Angeles studio sound, a crucial bridge between the baroque psychedelic pop of the late Sixties and the more personal singer-songwriter era of the Seventies\". The RIAA certified Nilsson Schmilsson and Son of Schmilsson (1972) as gold records, indicating over 500,000 units sold each. He earned Grammy Awards for two of his recordings; Best Contemporary Vocal Performance, Male in 1970 for \"Everybody's Talkin'\" and Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male in 1973 for \"Without You\".", "Q44458": "Paul Breitner (born 5 September 1951 in Kolbermoor, Bavaria) is a former German footballer, who played as a midfielder or as a defender. One of Germany's most controversial players, he earned 48 caps for West Germany. He was known for his partnerships with Franz Beckenbauer and Berti Vogts in defence for the German national team, and his midfield combination with Karl-Heinz Rummenigge for Bayern.\nBreitner was an integral part of the West Germany team that won the 1974 FIFA World Cup, scoring in the final. He also scored in the final of the 1982 World Cup, making him one of only four players to have scored in two different World Cup final matches, the others being Pel\u00e9, Vav\u00e1 and Zinedine Zidane.\nOne of the greatest German players of all time, Breitner was named in the FIFA World Cup All-Time Team, and was named by Pel\u00e9 one of the top 125 greatest living footballers at a FIFA Awards ceremony in 2004. Breitner has been working as a commentator, pundit and columnist in Germany since retiring and is also an advisor to the Bayern management board.", "Q87413": "Klaus Pohl (1 November 1883 \u2013 28 November 1958) was an Austrian film actor.", "Q449371": "Theodore DeReese \"Teddy\" Pendergrass (March 26, 1950 \u2013 January 13, 2010) was an American singer. Born in Kingstree, South Carolina, he was raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he initially rose to musical fame as the lead singer of Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes. After leaving the group over monetary disputes in 1976, Pendergrass launched a successful solo career under the Philadelphia International label, releasing five consecutive platinum albums, then a record for an African-American R&B artist. Pendergrass's career was suspended after a March 1982 car crash that left him paralyzed from the chest down. Pendergrass continued his successful solo career until announcing his retirement in 2007. Pendergrass died from respiratory failure in January 2010.", "Q169524": "Suheir al-Atassi (Arabic: \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u200e, romanized: Suhair al-\u02beAt\u0101s\u012b; born 1971) is the leading female secular activist in the Syrian opposition, and co-vice-president of the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces between November 2012 and December 2013. She has been called the \"Lady of the Revolution\" and is widely respected in secular and intellectual circles within the Syrian opposition structure. She had previously run the media wing of the banned Jamal Atassi Forum, which was named after her father, a founding member of the Ba'ath Party who later left and founded the Democratic Arab Socialist Union.Atassi was born in Damascus in 1971 to a prominent political family from Homs. She is daughter of Jamal al-Din al-Atassi, prominent pan-Arabist in Syria. She studied French literature and education at the University of Damascus, and was active in the Damascus Spring, helping to form and run the Jamal al-Atassi Forum. She revived the forum online in 2009 in order to help promote democracy and human rights in Syria. On 16 March 2011 she was arrested for her activities. After her release, she had to go into hiding before fleeing Syria to Jordan and then France.\nIn December 2013 Atassi resigned as Vice-President of the exile 'National Coalition' after the Assistance Coordination Unit, an opposition aid agency, went on strike over claims of mismanagement of aid delivery and funding. She said she would keep her position as chairwoman for the Assistance Coordination Unit, based in Turkey. On 25 April 2018, Atassi resigned from the National Coalition itself, citing the SNC's relations with Russia.", "Q64788": "Harold Charles Ostertag (June 22, 1896 \u2013 May 2, 1985) was an American politician, a United States Representative for the 41st, 39th, and 37th Congressional Districts of New York.", "Q212648": "Rudolph William Louis Giuliani (, Italian: [d\u0292u\u02c8lja\u02d0ni]; born May 28, 1944) is an American politician, attorney, and public speaker who served as the 107th Mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001. He currently acts as an attorney to President Donald Trump. Politically first a Democrat, then an Independent in the 1970s, and a Republican since the 1980s, Giuliani served as United States Associate Attorney General from 1981 to 1983. That year he became the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, holding the position until 1989.When Giuliani took office as Mayor of New York City, he appointed a new police commissioner, William Bratton, who applied the broken windows theory of urban decay, which holds that minor disorders and violations create a permissive atmosphere which leads to further and more serious crimes which can threaten the safety of a city; to prevent major crime, the theory holds, the police should enforce seemingly minor \"quality-of-life\" laws such as those outlawing public drinking, littering, and jay-walking. Within several years, Giuliani was widely credited for making major improvements in the city's quality of life and lowering the rate of violent crimes. While Giuliani was still Mayor, he ran for the United States Senate in 2000; however, he withdrew from the race upon learning of his prostate cancer diagnosis. Giuliani was named Time magazine's Person of the Year for 2001, and was given an honorary knighthood in 2002 by Queen Elizabeth II for his leadership in the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001.\nIn 2002, Giuliani founded Giuliani Partners (consulting), acquired and later sold Giuliani Capital Advisors (investment banking), and joined a Texas firm while opening a Manhattan office for the firm renamed Bracewell & Giuliani (legal services). Giuliani sought the Republican Party's 2008 presidential nomination, and was considered the early front runner in the race, before withdrawing from the race to endorse the eventual nominee, John McCain. Giuliani was considered a potential candidate for New York Governor in 2010 and for the Republican presidential nomination in 2012. Both times, he declined to run, and instead remained in the business sector.In April 2018, Giuliani became one of President Trump's personal lawyers. Since then, he has frequently appeared in the media in defense of Trump. As of October 1, 2019, Giuliani hired former Watergate prosecutor Jon Sale to represent him in the House Intelligence Committee's impeachment investigation. The committee also issued a subpoena to Giuliani asking him to release documents related to the Ukraine scandal. The New York Times reported on October 11, 2019, that the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, which Giuliani had once led, was investigating him for violating lobbying laws related to his activities in Ukraine. The following month, Bloomberg News reported that the investigation could extend to bribery of foreign officials or conspiracy, and The Wall Street Journal reported Giuliani was being investigated for a possible profit motive in a Ukrainian natural gas venture. The Journal later reported the investigation may also include numerous other charges, including money laundering, obstruction of justice, conspiracy to defraud the United States, making false statements to the federal government and mail/wire fraud. Giuliani has denied having any interest in a Ukrainian natural gas venture.U.S. ambassador to the European Union Gordon Sondland testified that Trump delegated American foreign policy on Ukraine to Giuliani. The late 2019 impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump centered heavily around Giuliani's actions in and with respect to Ukraine. Giuliani's name was mentioned more than any other apart from Trump in the testimony of dozens of public servants as well as the December reports of the House Intelligence Committee. Some legal commentators and former prosecutors have suggested Giuliani's actions in Ukraine and elsewhere may have violated the Logan Act.", "Q320836": "Claude King (February 5, 1923 \u2013 March 7, 2013) was an American country music singer and songwriter, best known for his million selling 1962 hit, \"Wolverton Mountain\".", "Q7320": "The National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei , abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party (English: ), was a far-right political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945, that created and supported the ideology of National Socialism. Its precursor, the German Workers' Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920.\n\nThe Nazi Party emerged from the German nationalist, racist and populist Freikorps paramilitary culture, which fought against the communist uprisings in post-World War I Germany. The party was created to draw workers away from communism and into v\u00f6lkisch nationalism. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric, although this was later downplayed to gain the support of business leaders, and in the 1930s the party's main focus shifted to anti-Semitic and anti-Marxist themes.Pseudo-scientific racist theories were central to Nazism, expressed in the idea of a \"people's community\" (Volksgemeinschaft). The party aimed to unite \"racially desirable\" Germans as national comrades, while excluding those deemed either to be political dissidents, physically or intellectually inferior, or of a foreign race (Fremdv\u00f6lkische). The Nazis sought to strengthen the Germanic people, the \"Aryan master race\", through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a collective subordination of individual rights, which could be sacrificed for the good of the state on behalf of the people.\nTo protect the supposed purity and strength of the Aryan race, the Nazis sought to exterminate Jews, Romani, Poles and most other Slavs, along with the physically and mentally handicapped. They disenfranchised and segregated homosexuals, Africans, Jehovah's Witnesses and political opponents. The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state set in motion the Final Solution\u2014an industrial system of genocide which achieved the murder of around 6 million Jews and millions of other targeted victims, in what has become known as the Holocaust.Adolf Hitler, the party's leader since 1921, was appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg on 30 January 1933. Hitler rapidly established a totalitarian regime known as the Third Reich. Following the defeat of the Third Reich at the conclusion of World War II in Europe, the party was \"declared to be illegal\" by the Allied powers, who carried out denazification in the years after the war both in Germany and in territories occupied by Nazi forces. The use of any symbols associated with the party is now outlawed in many European countries, including Germany and Austria.", "Q1738047": "William Fitzsimmons (born 1978) is an American singer-songwriter, based in Nashville, perhaps best known for his songs \"Passion Play\" and \"Please Don't Go\", which aired during pivotal scenes in ABC's medical drama Grey's Anatomy. His first two full-length albums, Until When We Are Ghosts (2005) and Goodnight (2006), were completely self-produced and recorded by Fitzsimmons at his former home in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His The Sparrow And The Crow (2008) was his first studio record. In addition to the above, his music has also been featured on ABC's Brothers & Sisters and Grey's Anatomy spin-off Private Practice, MTV's Life of Ryan and Teen Wolf, The CW's One Tree Hill, CBS's Blue Bloods, ABC Family's Greek, Lifetime's Army Wives, and USA Network's Burn Notice, and he has been given reference in Billboard, Rolling Stone, Paste, Spin, Musikexpress, Uncut, Q Magazine, and Performing Songwriter Magazine.", "Q4629": "Surat is a city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It used to be a large seaport and is now the commercial and economic center in South Gujarat, which is famous for its diamonds and textile Industries and as a shopping centre for apparels and accessories . It is the eighth largest city and ninth largest urban agglomeration in India. It is the administrative capital of the Surat district. The city is located 284 kilometres (176 mi) south of the state capital, Gandhinagar; 265 kilometres (165 mi) south of Ahmedabad; and 289 kilometres (180 mi) north of Mumbai. The city centre is located on the Tapti River, close to Arabian Sea.Surat will be the world's fastest growing city from 2019 to 2035, according to a study conducted by Economic Times. The city registered an annualised GDP growth rate of 11.5% over the seven fiscal years between 2001 and 2008. Surat was awarded \"best city\" by the Annual Survey of India's City-Systems (ASICS) in 2013. Surat is selected as the first smart IT city in India which is being constituted by the Microsoft CityNext Initiative tied up with IT services majors Tata Consultancy Services and Wipro. The city has 2.97 million internet users, about 65% of total population. Surat was selected in 2015 for an IBM Smarter Cities Challenge grant. Surat has been selected as one of twenty Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission. In 2017, Surat was the fourth cleanest city of India according to the Indian Ministry of Urban Development.Surat, famous for its diamond cutting and polishing is known as the Diamond City of India.", "Q1409544": "Feuerhalle Simmering is a crematorium with attached urn burial ground in the Simmering district of Vienna, Austria. It lies at the end of an alley, directly opposite Vienna Central Cemetery's main gate.", "Q57342": "Carlos Mauricio Funes Cartagena (born October 18, 1959) is a Salvadoran politician who was President of El Salvador from June 1, 2009 to June 1, 2014. He won the 2009 presidential election as the candidate of the left-wing Farabundo Mart\u00ed National Liberation Front (FMLN) political party and took office on June 1, 2009. In July 2019, Funes (along with his wife and two sons) Funes is wanted by the Salvadorean justice because he stole millions of dollars during his presidency. After that he became a naturalized citizen of Nicaragua, where he and his immediate family have been residing in exile since 2014.", "Q1805085": "Chapman University is a private university in Orange, California. Chapman University offers 110 areas of study (49 majors and 61 minors), and encompasses ten schools and colleges on campus. Chapman is perhaps best known for its Orange County locale, diverse choice of study, and the Dodge College of Film and Media Arts, recognized as one of the best film schools in the nation.", "Q16478": "Wang Xiaoyun (simplified Chinese: \u738b\u5c0f\u4e91; traditional Chinese: \u738b\u5c0f\u96f2; pinyin: W\u00e1ng Xi\u01ceoy\u00fan; born 1966) is a Chinese cryptographer, mathematician, and computer scientist. She is a professor in the Department of Mathematics and System Science of Shandong University and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.", "Q231091": "Morena Silva de Vaz Setta Baccarin (; Portuguese: [mo\u02c8\u027een\u0250 \u02c8baka\u027e\u0129]; born June 2, 1979) is a Brazilian-American actress known for portraying Inara Serra in the sci-fi series Firefly and the follow-up film Serenity, Vanessa in the superhero comedy film Deadpool and its sequel Deadpool 2; Jessica Brody in the Showtime series Homeland, for which she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2013; and Leslie Thompkins in the Fox series Gotham.", "Q241": "Cuba ( (listen); Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8ku\u03b2a]), officially the Republic of Cuba (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de Cuba ), is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet. It is east of the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula (Mexico), south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. Havana is the largest city and capital; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camag\u00fcey. The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers (42,800 sq mi) (109,884 square kilometers (42,426 sq mi) without the territorial waters). The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean, with an area of 105,006 square kilometers (40,543 sq mi), and the second-most populous after Hispaniola, with over 11 million inhabitants.The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Ta\u00edno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century. From the 15th century, it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish\u2013American War of 1898, when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902. As a fragile republic, in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system, but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952. Open corruption and oppression under Batista's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement, which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro. Since 1965, the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba. The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. Cuba is one of a few extant Marxist\u2013Leninist socialist states, where the role of the vanguard Communist Party is enshrined in the Constitution. Independent observers have accused the Cuban government of numerous human rights abuses, including short-term arbitrary imprisonment.Under Castro, Cuba was involved in a broad range of military and humanitarian activities in Guinea-Bissau, Syria, Angola, Algeria, South Yemen, North Vietnam, Laos, Zaire, Iraq, Libya, Zanzibar, Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Somalia, Ethiopia, Congo-Brazzaville, Sierra Leone, Cape Verde, Nigeria, Benin, Cameroon, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Cuba sent more than 400,000 of its citizens to fight in Angola (1975\u20131991) and defeated South Africa's armed forces in conventional warfare involving tanks, planes, and artillery.Culturally, Cuba is considered part of Latin America. It is a multiethnic country whose people, culture and customs derive from diverse origins, including the aboriginal Ta\u00edno and Ciboney peoples, the long period of Spanish colonialism, the introduction of African slaves and a close relationship with the Soviet Union in the Cold War. The majority of the population of Cuba is 51% mulatto (mixed-race Spanish/African), 37% white, 11% black and 1% Chinese.Cuba is a sovereign state and a founding member of the United Nations, the G77, the Non-Aligned Movement, the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States, ALBA and Organization of American States. It has currently one of the world's only planned economies, and its economy is dominated by the tourism industry and the exports of skilled labor, sugar, tobacco, and coffee. According to the Human Development Index, Cuba has high human development and is ranked the eighth highest in North America, though 72th in the world in 2019. It also ranks highly in some metrics of national performance, including health care and education. It is the only country in the world to meet the conditions of sustainable development put forth by the WWF.", "Q102385": "The Pussycat Dolls are an American girl group and dance ensemble, founded in Los Angeles, California, by choreographer Robin Antin in 1995 as a burlesque troupe. At the suggestion of Jimmy Iovine, Antin decided to take the burlesque troupe mainstream as a pop group. Antin negotiated a record deal with Interscope Geffen A&M Records in 2003 turning the group into a music franchise comprising Nicole Scherzinger, Carmit Bachar, Ashley Roberts, Jessica Sutta, Melody Thornton, and Kimberly Wyatt. Their debut single, \"Sway\", was featured on the soundtrack of the 2004 film Shall We Dance?\nThe Pussycat Dolls achieved worldwide success with number-one singles \"Don't Cha\", \"Stickwitu\", \"Buttons\", and their multi-platinum debut album PCD (2005). However, despite their commercial success, the group was plagued by internal conflict due to the emphasis on Scherzinger, the group's lead vocalist, and the subordinate treatment of the other members. Bachar's departure from the group preceded the release of their second and final studio album Doll Domination (2008), which contains hit singles \"When I Grow Up\", \"I Hate This Part\", and \"Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)\". Following the completion of their 2009 world tour, the group went on hiatus and fully disbanded in 2010. The original recording line-up, minus Thornton, announced their reunion in 2019 with an upcoming tour and a new album.\nThe Pussycat Dolls brand diversified into merchandise, reality television programs, a Las Vegas act, product endorsements, spin-off recording groups (Girlicious, Paradiso Girls, G.R.L.) and other ventures. Billboard ranked the Pussycat Dolls as the 80th most successful musical act of the 2000s. The group has sold 55 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling girl groups of all time. In 2012, the Pussycat Dolls ranked 100th on VH1's 100 Greatest Women in Music, and as the tenth all-girl group.", "Q38785": "Mikhail Fyodorovich Larionov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; June 3, 1881 \u2013 May 10, 1964) was an avant-garde Russian painter. Larionov was also the lifelong partner of fellow Russian avant-garde artist Natalia Goncharova. He was a founding member of the Jack of Diamonds (1909\u20131911), Moscow's first radical independent exhibiting group, the more radical Donkey's Tail (1912\u20131913), and with Goncharova he invented Rayonism (1912\u20131914). He was also a member of the German-based art movement known as Der Blaue Reiter. Born in Russia, he and Goncharova moved to Paris and lived there until his death.", "Q506314": "Deicide is an American death metal band formed in 1987 by drummer Steve Asheim and guitarist brothers Eric and Brian Hoffman as \"Carnage\", then hiring bassist/vocalist Glen Benton and becoming \"Amon\". They would later change the band name to Deicide in 1989. The band rose to mainstream success in 1992 with their second album Legion, and is credited as the second best-selling death metal band of the Soundscan Era, after Cannibal Corpse. Since their debut album in 1990, Deicide has released twelve studio albums, one live album, two compilation albums and two live DVDs. In November 2003, their first two albums, Deicide and Legion, were ranked second and third place respectively in best-selling death metal albums of the SoundScan era. Deicide is known for their lyrics, which cover topics such as Satanism, anti-Christianity and blasphemy. Their lyrics have resulted in bans, lawsuits and criticism from religious groups and the public.", "Q883783": "Erastus Fairbanks (October 28, 1792 \u2013 November 20, 1864) was an American manufacturer, Whig politician, a founder of the Republican Party, and the 21st and 26th Governor of Vermont.", "Q474796": "Marius Hugh Louis Wilhelm Blokzijl (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8ma\u02d0ri\u0259s ju\u02d0 lu.i \u02c8\u028b\u026al\u0259m \u02c8bl\u0254ks\u025bil]) or Max Blokzijl; 20 December 1884 \u2013 16 March 1946) was a Dutch singer and journalist. After the German occupation of the Netherlands Blokzijl was sentenced to death and executed for his collaboration with Nazi Germany.\n\n", "Q36970": "Chan Kong-sang (Chinese: \u9673\u6e2f\u751f; born 7 April 1954), known professionally as Jackie Chan, is a Hong Kongese martial artist, actor, film director, producer, stuntman, and singer. He is known in the cinematic world for his acrobatic fighting style, comic timing, use of improvised weapons, and innovative stunts, which he typically performs himself. He has trained in Wushu or Kung Fu and Hapkido, and has been acting since the 1960s, appearing in over 150 films.\nChan is one of the most recognisable and influential cinematic personalities in the world, gaining a widespread following in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres, and has received stars on the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars and the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He has been referenced in various pop songs, cartoons, and video games. He is an operatically trained vocalist and is also a Cantopop and Mandopop star, having released a number of albums and sung many of the theme songs for the films in which he has starred. He is also a globally known philanthropist and has been named as one of the top 10 most charitable celebrities by Forbes magazine. In 2004, film scholar Andrew Willis stated that Chan was \"perhaps\" the \"most recognised star in the world\". In 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth to be $350 million, and as of 2016, he was the second-highest paid actor in the world.\n\n", "Q663252": "Horatio Frederick Phillips (born 1845 in Streatham, Surrey \u2013 1924) was an English aviation pioneer. He was famous for building multiplane flying machines with many more sets of lifting surfaces than are normal on modern aircraft. However he made a more lasting contribution to aeronautics in his work on aerofoil design.", "Q115835": "Hans Conrad Escher von der Linth (born 24 August 1767 in Z\u00fcrich; died 9 March 1823) was a Swiss scientist, artist, and politician. He headed the \"Great Council of Switzerland\" in 1798, a period of French occupation. He also published a survey of the Swiss Alps and is perhaps most significant for his work in the project to \"tame\" the Linth river. His son was geologist Arnold Escher von der Linth.", "Q221296": "Mohamed Aly El-Erian (Egyptian Arabic: [\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646]; born August 19, 1958) is an American businessman. He is chief economic adviser at Allianz, the corporate parent of PIMCO where he served as CEO and co-chief investment officer (2007\u20132014). He served as chair of President Obama's Global Development Council (2012\u201317), and is a columnist for Bloomberg View, and a contributing editor to the Financial Times.\nSince 2014, he has served on the panel of experts that judged and selected the Financial Times/McKinsey Business Book of the Year. He is also a regular contributor to \"Project Syndicate\", Yahoo Finance, Business Insider as well as Fortune/CNN and Foreign Policy. Named for four years in a row as one of Foreign Policy's \"Top 100 Global Thinkers,\" he has written two New York Times Best Sellers, including, The Only Game in Town: Central Banks, Instability, and Avoiding the Next Collapse published in January 2016 by Random House. Together with Sir Harvey McGrath, he co-chairs the capital campaign for Cambridge University. On July 1, 2019, El-Erian was appointed Senior Global Fellow at The Lauder Institute and Part-Time Professor of Practice at The Wharton School. On May 28, 2019, it was announced that he would take up office as President of Queens' College, Cambridge from October 1, 2020.", "Q175119": "Selma Bj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir, also known as simply Selma, is an Icelandic actress and singer born on 13 June 1974 in Reykjav\u00edk, best known internationally for representing her country in the Eurovision Song Contest in both 1999 and 2005.", "Q1351212": "Robert Lockwood Jr. (March 27, 1915 \u2013 November 21, 2006) was an American Delta blues guitarist, who recorded for Chess Records and other Chicago labels in the 1950s and 1960s. He was the only guitarist to have learned to play directly from Robert Johnson. Lockwood is known for his longtime collaboration with Sonny Boy Williamson II and for his work in the mid-1950s with Little Walter.", "Q4133583": "Don Garber (born October 9, 1957) has served as the Commissioner of Major League Soccer since 1999. Garber is also the CEO of Soccer United Marketing and a member of the United States Soccer Federation board of directors.Garber has spent his entire career in the sports industry, working in a variety of capacities in marketing, events, television, and league administration prior to becoming MLS commissioner. Before joining MLS, Garber was with the National Football League for 16 years.\nUnder his leadership, MLS has experienced sustained growth in size and popularity in the United States and Canada. During his tenure, MLS has expanded from 10 to 24 teams and set records for attendance and broadcast revenue.In addition, the league has seen significant increases in every metric \u2013 including team valuations, attendance, sponsorship, and digital and social media engagement. MLS ranks seventh among global soccer leagues in average game attendance.Garber has been selected by SportsBusiness Journal as one of the sports industry's most powerful executives every year since 2005. In 2018, he was 16th on the list. In 2016, SportsBusiness Journal presented MLS with its award for League of the Year. In May 2019, Garber was named the Sports Business Journal Executive of the Year. Garber has received numerous other industry honors, and in 2011 was named by the Los Angeles Times as one of the top sports commissioners. He has received an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from both Montclair State University and the State University of New York. Garber was also inducted into the Athletic Hall of Fame at his alma mater, SUNY Oneonta. Garber was elected into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 2016, but deferred his enshrinement until 2018.", "Q1378858": "Nicholas Benton \"Ben\" Alexander III (June 27, 1911 \u2013 July 5, 1969) was an American motion picture actor, who started out as a child actor in 1916. He is best remembered for his role as Officer Frank Smith in the Dragnet franchise.\n\n", "Q85210": "Karl Ritter von Stremayr (30 October 1832, Graz - 22 June 1904, Pottschach) was an Austrian statesman. He served as the 9th Minister-President of Cisleithania.\n\n", "Q391541": "Imitation of Life is a 1934 American drama film directed by John M. Stahl. The screenplay by William Hurlbut, based on Fannie Hurst's 1933 novel of the same name, was augmented by eight additional uncredited writers, including Preston Sturges and Finley Peter Dunne. The film stars Claudette Colbert, Warren William, and Rochelle Hudson, and features Louise Beavers and Fredi Washington.\nThe film was originally released by Universal Pictures on November 26, 1934, and later re-issued in 1936. A 1959 remake with the same title was directed by Douglas Sirk.\nIn 2005, Imitation of Life was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry being deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". It was also named by Time in 2007 as one of \"The 25 Most Important Films on Race\".", "Q18441": "Intervista (English: Interview) is a 1987 Italian film directed by Federico Fellini.", "Q164014": "George Rector Nethercutt Jr. (born October 7, 1944) is an American politician, author, consultant, columnist and commentator. Nethercutt is the founder and chairman of The George Nethercutt Foundation. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2005, representing Washington's 5th congressional district.", "Q95003": "Filip Micha\u0142 Bajon (born 25 August 1947) is a Polish film director and screenwriter.", "Q112182": "Ulrich Maria Seidl (born 24 November 1952 in Vienna) is an Austrian film director, writer and producer. In 2005 he was a member of the jury at the 27th Moscow International Film Festival.His film Dog Days was shot over three years during the hottest days of summer. Among other awards, it won the Grand Jury Prize at Venice in 2001.\nHis 2012 film Paradise: Love competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival. The sequel Paradise: Faith won the Special Jury Prize at the 69th Venice International Film Festival. The final part of the trilogy, Paradise: Hope, premiered in competition at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival.Seidl was scheduled to attend the 2014 Jerusalem Film Festival, but cancelled his visit due to the political tension in the region.", "Q99639": "Thomas Kielinger (born July 1940 in Danzig) is a German journalist, political commentator and author, who for a long time used to be London correspondent for Die Welt.", "Q440427": "Countess Maria Aurora von K\u00f6nigsmarck (sv: Aurora K\u00f6nigsmarck) (28 August 1662 \u2013 16 February 1728) was a Swedish and German noblewoman of Brandenburg extraction and mistress of Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland.", "Q45752": "LCD Soundsystem is an American rock band from Brooklyn, New York, formed in 2002 by James Murphy, co-founder of DFA Records. The band comprises Murphy (vocals, various instruments), Nancy Whang (synthesizer, keyboards, vocals), Pat Mahoney (drums), Rayna Russom (synthesizer), Tyler Pope (bass, guitar, synthesizer), Al Doyle (guitar, synthesizer, percussion), Matt Thornley (guitar, synthesizer, percussion), and Korey Richey (synthesizer, piano, percussion). They are currently signed to both DFA and Columbia Records.\nThe band began by recording and releasing multiple singles from 2002 to 2004, the first of which was \"Losing My Edge\", one of their signature songs. This led up to the release of their self-titled debut studio album, which was released in 2005. It garnered critical acclaim and a Grammy Award nomination for Best Electronic/Dance Album. Their single \"Daft Punk Is Playing at My House\", which has become the band's most commercially successful single, received a Grammy nomination for Best Dance Recording.\nIn the following year, LCD Soundsystem recorded and released \"45:33\", an over forty-six minute-long composition that was a specially made \"workout track\" for Nike's Nike+ Original Run series. In 2007, the band released their second studio album, Sound of Silver, to critical acclaim and another Grammy nomination for Best Electronic/Dance Album. Three years later, LCD Soundsystem released their third studio album, This Is Happening, which became their first top-ten album in the United States.\nIn February 2011, a statement was posted on the band's website announcing it was disbanding. It was to be made following a large farewell concert at Madison Square Garden on April 2, 2011. The farewell concert is chronicled in the documentary film Shut Up and Play the Hits and was also made available as a live album, titled The Long Goodbye, in April 2014.\nAfter a series of rumors hinting at a possible band reunion, LCD Soundsystem released the single \"Christmas Will Break Your Heart\" in December 2015, making it their first single in five years. LCD Soundsystem later confirmed their reunion and announced an expanded tour, including appearances at several high-profile music festivals, as well as a new studio album. American Dream, their fourth album, was released in September 2017. It went on to become their first number-one album in the United States. The album was nominated for Best Alternative Music Album at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards and the single \"Tonite\" won for Best Dance Recording.", "Q554320": "Pierre Bellon (born 24 January 1930) is a French billionaire businessman, the founder of Sodexo, a multinational food service and facilities management company.\n\n", "Q2134162": "Raymond James Donovan (born August 31, 1930) is an American businessman and former politician. He served as U.S. Secretary of Labor under President Reagan.", "Q16248862": "Bonnie & Clyde is a revisionist 2013 miniseries about Great Depression-era outlaws Bonnie and Clyde starring Emile Hirsch as Clyde Barrow and Holliday Grainger as Bonnie Parker. The two-part film aired on consecutive nights, December 8 and 9, 2013, simultaneously on A&E, History, and Lifetime (all owned by A&E Networks). The first previews for the film were released on September 23, 2013. The series was widely criticized for its historical inaccuracies, particularly as it was aired on History.", "Q75849": "Alfred Ernst Rosenberg (12 January [O.S. 31 December 1892] 1893 \u2013 16 October 1946) was the head of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories and war criminal during the Nazi era. A Baltic German, he was a theorist and an influential ideologue of the Nazi Party. Rosenberg was first introduced to Adolf Hitler by Dietrich Eckart and held several important posts in the Nazi government.\nThe author of a seminal work of Nazi ideology, The Myth of the Twentieth Century (1930), Rosenberg is considered one of the main authors of key National Socialist ideological creeds, including its racial theory, persecution of the Jews, Lebensraum, abrogation of the Treaty of Versailles, and opposition to what was considered \"degenerate\" modern art. He is known for his rejection of and hatred for Christianity, having played an important role in the development of German Nationalist Positive Christianity. At Nuremberg he was sentenced to death and executed by hanging for war crimes and crimes against humanity.", "Q87407": "Friedrich Freiherr von Georgi (January 27, 1852 \u2013 1926) was a General of the Austro-Hungarian Army.", "Q316348": "Will Glah\u00e9 (February 12, 1902 \u2013 November 21, 1989), was a German accordionist, composer, and bandleader.\nGlah\u00e9 was born at Elberfeld. In the 1930s, he was, along with Heinz Munsonius and Albert Vossen, one of the most successful accordionists in Germany. He led his own orchestra from 1932 and became successful particularly in popular music.\nOne of his most famous songs in Germany was his 1936 recording of \"Rosamunde\" (a German female forename), a cover version of the song \"\u0160koda l\u00e1sky\" (\"Wasted Love\") by Jaromir Vejvoda. Under the title \"Beer Barrel Polka\", the tune hit #1 on the Hit Parade in the United States in 1939. It sold over one million copies by 1943, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA. After World War II he was known as the \"Polka King\" in the U.S., and did both big band and folk music arrangements with his orchestra.\nHis \"Liechtensteiner Polka\" was also a hit in the U.S., hitting #16 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1957. The follow-up single \"Sweet Elizabeth\" (1958) appeared in all major U.S. charts, nearing the top 40 in Cashbox and Music Vendor.\nHe made great success with The Cuckoo Waltz by Swede E. I. Jonasson in 1969, and the song is now used widely, in the Alice in Wonderland dark ride at Blackpool Pleasure Beach and in Efteling, Holland.\nHe died at Rheinbreitbach.", "Q8007": "Franklin Delano Roosevelt (, ; January 30, 1882 \u2013 April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. A member of the Democratic Party, he won a record four presidential elections and became a central figure in world events during the first half of the 20th century. Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression, implementing his New Deal domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S. history. As a dominant leader of his party, he built the New Deal Coalition, which realigned American politics into the Fifth Party System and defined American liberalism throughout the middle third of the 20th century. His third and fourth terms were dominated by World War II, which ended shortly after he died in office. He is rated by scholars as one of the three greatest U.S. presidents, along with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but has also been subject to substantial criticism.\nRoosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York, to a Dutch American family made well known by the reputation of Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States, and William Henry Aspinwall. FDR graduated from Groton School and Harvard College and attended Columbia Law School but left after passing the bar exam to practice law in New York City. In 1905, he married his fifth cousin once removed, Eleanor Roosevelt. They had six children, of whom five survived into adulthood. He won election to the New York State Senate in 1910, and then served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Roosevelt was James M. Cox's running mate on the Democratic Party's 1920 national ticket, but Cox was defeated by Republican Warren G. Harding. In 1921, Roosevelt contracted a paralytic illness, believed at the time to be polio, and his legs became permanently paralyzed. While attempting to recover from his condition, Roosevelt founded the treatment center in Warm Springs, Georgia, for people with poliomyelitis. In spite of being unable to walk unaided, Roosevelt returned to public office by winning election as Governor of New York in 1928. He served as governor from 1929 to 1933, promoting programs to combat the economic crisis besetting the United States.\nIn the 1932 presidential election, Roosevelt defeated Republican President Herbert Hoover in a landslide. Roosevelt took office in the midst of the Great Depression, the worst economic crisis in U.S. history. During the first 100 days of the 73rd United States Congress, Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented federal legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal\u2014a variety of programs designed to produce relief, recovery, and reform. He created numerous programs to provide relief to the unemployed and farmers while seeking economic recovery with the National Recovery Administration and other programs. He also instituted major regulatory reforms related to finance, communications, and labor, and presided over the end of Prohibition. He harnessed radio to speak directly to the American people, giving 30 \"fireside chat\" radio addresses during his presidency and becoming the first American president to be televised. The economy having improved rapidly from 1933 to 1936, Roosevelt won a landslide reelection in 1936. However, the economy then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 and 1938. After the 1936 election, Roosevelt sought passage of the Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937 (the \"court packing plan\"), which would have expanded the size of the Supreme Court of the United States. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented passage of the bill and blocked the implementation of further New Deal programs and reforms. Major surviving programs and legislation implemented under Roosevelt include the Securities and Exchange Commission, the National Labor Relations Act, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Social Security, and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.\nThe United States reelected FDR in 1940 for his third term, making him the only U.S. President to serve for more than two terms. With World War II looming after 1938, Roosevelt gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China, the United Kingdom and eventually the Soviet Union while the U.S. remained officially neutral. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, an event he famously called \"a date which will live in infamy\", Roosevelt obtained a congressional declaration of war on Japan, and, a few days later, on Germany and Italy. Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins and with very strong national support, he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allied Powers against the Axis Powers. Roosevelt supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort, and implemented a Europe first strategy, making the defeat of Germany a priority over that of Japan. He also initiated the development of the world's first atomic bomb, and worked with the other Allied leaders to lay the groundwork for the United Nations and other post-war institutions. Roosevelt won reelection in 1944, but with his physical health declining during the war years, he died in April 1945, less than three months into his fourth term. The Axis Powers surrendered to the Allies in the months following Roosevelt's death, during the presidency of his successor, Harry S. Truman.", "Q287451": "Martin Ritt (March 2, 1914 \u2013 December 8, 1990) was an American director and actor who worked in both film and theater. He was born in New York City.\nSome of the movies he directed include The Long, Hot Summer (1958), The Black Orchid (1958), Paris Blues (1961), Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man (1962), Hud (1963), The Outrage (1964), The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1965), Hombre (1967), The Great White Hope (1970), Sounder (1972), Conrack (1974), Norma Rae (1979), Cross Creek (1983), Murphy's Romance (1985), Nuts (1987) and Stanley & Iris (1990).", "Q176410": "Weehawken is a township in the northern part of Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 12,554, reflecting a decline of 947 (\u22127.0%) from the 13,501 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,116 (+9.0%) from the 12,385 counted in the 1990 Census.", "Q378491": "Player is an American rock band that made their mark during the late 1970s. The group scored several US Hot 100 hits, three of which went into the Top 40; two of those single releases went Top 10, including the No. 1 hit \"Baby Come Back\", written by group members Peter Beckett and J.C. Crowley.", "Q366877": "Driss Roukhe (born July 5, 1968) is a Moroccan actor and director.", "Q72840": "Adolf Glassbrenner (27 March 1810, in Berlin \u2013 25 September 1876) was a German humorist and satirist, considered part of the Young Germany Movement.\nGlassbrenner was born in Berlin. After working for a short time in a merchant's office, he turned to journalism, and in 1831 edited Don Quixote, a periodical which was suppressed in 1833 owing to its revolutionary tendencies. He next, under the pseudonym Adolf Brennglas, published a series of pictures of Berlin life, under the titles Berlin wie es ist und trinkt (thirty parts, with illustrations, 1833\u20131849), and Buntes Berlin (fourteen parts, with illustrations, Berlin, 1837\u20131858), and thus became the founder of a popular satirical literature associated with modern Berlin. In 1840 he married the actress Adele Peroni (1813\u20131895), and removed in the following year to Neustrelitz, where his wife had obtained an engagement at the Grand Ducal theatre. In 1848 Glassbrenner entered the political arena and became the leader of the democratic party in Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Expelled from that country in 1850, he settled in Hamburg, where he remained until 1858; and then he became editor of the Montagszeitung Berlin, where he died in 1876. His grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof III der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No. III of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church and New Church) in Berlin-Kreuzberg, south of Hallesches Tor.Among Glassbrenner's other humorous and satirical writings may be mentioned:\n\nLeben und Treiben der feinen Welt (1834)\nBilder und Tr\u00e4ume aus Wien (2 vols., 1836)\nGedichte (1851, 5th ed. 1870)\nNeuer Reineke Fuchs (1846, 4th ed. 1870)\nDie verkehrte Welt (1857, 6th ed. 1873)\nKaspar der Mensch (1850)\nBerliner Volksleben (3 vols., illustrated; Leipzig, 1847-1851)\nLachende Kinder (14th ed., 1884)\nSprechende Tiere (20th ed., Hamburg, 1899).", "Q98241": "Heinz Richter (1 November 1909 \u2013 14 May 1971) was a German radio engineer and one of the most successful authors of introductory-level radio and electronics textbooks in Germany from the 1950s throughout the 1970s.", "Q202329": "Joseph Anthony Barton (born 2 September 1982) is an English professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He made 269 appearances in the Premier League, including 130 for Manchester City. He is the manager of League One club Fleetwood Town.\nBarton was born and raised in Huyton, Merseyside. He began his football career with Manchester City in 2002 after working his way through their youth system. His appearances in the first team gradually increased over the following five years and he made more than 150 for the club. He earned his only cap for the England national team in February 2007, despite his criticism of some of the team's players. He then joined Newcastle United for a fee of \u00a35.8 million in July 2007. After four years with the club, he joined Queens Park Rangers in August 2011, from where he was loaned to Marseille in 2012. He returned from his loan spell the following season, and helped QPR to promotion to the Premier League via the Championship play-offs. However, QPR were relegated again, and Barton was released at the end of the season. He signed a one-year deal to play for Burnley in 2015, helping them win promotion to the Premier League, but left to join Rangers in May 2016. He was banned from football after admitting a Football Association charge relating to betting in April 2017, and upon its expiration in June 2018 commenced his managerial career with Fleetwood Town.\nBarton's career and life have been marked by numerous controversial incidents and disciplinary problems and he has been convicted twice on charges of violence. On 20 May 2008, he was sentenced to six months' imprisonment for common assault and affray during an incident in Liverpool City Centre. Barton served 74 days of this prison term, being released on 28 July 2008. On 1 July 2008, he was also given a four-month suspended sentence after admitting assault occasioning actual bodily harm on former teammate Ousmane Dabo during a training-ground dispute on 1 May 2007. This incident effectively ended his Manchester City career. Barton has been charged with violent conduct three times by The Football Association: for the assault on Dabo, for punching Morten Gamst Pedersen in the stomach and for attacking three players on the final day of the 2011\u201312 season.", "Q120130": "Ueli Leuenberger (born 26 March 1952 in Ober\u00f6nz; Place of origin in Rohrbachgraben, Bern) is a Swiss politician affiliated with the Green Party.", "Q8906087": "Rebecca is a 1997 British/German television serial directed by Jim O'Brien. The teleplay by Arthur Hopcraft is based on the 1938 novel of the same name by Daphne du Maurier.\nThe serial was filmed for Carlton Television by Portman Productions in association with WGBH and Tele M\u00fcnchen. It was broadcast in the United States as a presentation of Masterpiece Theatre on PBS.", "Q400765": "Andrew Dennis Biersack (born December 26, 1990), formerly known as Andy Six, is an American singer, pianist and actor. He is the founder and lead vocalist for the American rock band Black Veil Brides, and is its only remaining original member. In May 2014, he started a solo music project under the moniker Andy Black and released his debut album, The Shadow Side, in 2016.", "Q169256": "The 11th arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille.\n\n", "Q317730": "Jean-Dominique Bauby (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 d\u0254minik bobi]; 23 April 1952 \u2013 9 March 1997) was a French journalist, author and editor of the French fashion magazine Elle. He had two children with Sylvie de la Rochefoucauld, a son named Th\u00e9ophile and a daughter named C\u00e9leste.", "Q108864": "J\u00fcrgen Roland, born J\u00fcrgen Schellack (25 December 1925 \u2013 21 September 2007) was a German film director. Roland was described as the \"father of German TV crime shows\". He directed about 80 TV productions and 30 movies.", "Q2707095": "Idwal Foel (Idwal the Bald; died c. 942) or Idwal ab Anarawd (Idwal son of Anarawd) was a 10th-century King of Gwynedd in Wales. A member of the House of Aberffraw, he inherited the throne from his father, Anarawd ap Rhodri. William of Malmesbury credited him as \"King of the Britons\" in the manner of his father.", "Q106691": "Erich Gutenberg (13 December 1897 in Herford \u2013 22 May 1984 in Cologne) was an influential German economist.\nHe is considered the founder of modern German business studies after World War II. Gutenberg used microeconomy to explain the functioning of the enterprise. Therefore, he also developed a new production function. With a system of inputs and outputs under management control he explained how a firm could be efficient.\nHe received his Ph.D. from the University of Halle in 1921 and subsequently taught as a professor at the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main, and the University of Cologne.", "Q494676": "Karen Lee Orzolek (born November 22, 1978), known professionally as Karen O, is a South Korean-born American singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. She is the lead vocalist for American rock band Yeah Yeah Yeahs.", "Q41252": "Bydgoszcz (UK: BID-goshtch, US: -\u2060gawsh(tch), Polish: [\u02c8b\u0268d\u0261\u0254\u0282t\u0282] (listen); German: Bromberg [\u02c8b\u0281\u0254mb\u025b\u0250\u032fk]; Latin: Bydgostia, Brombergum) is a city in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers. With a city population of 350,178 (December 2018), and an urban agglomeration with more than 470,000 inhabitants, Bydgoszcz is the eighth-largest city in Poland. It has been the seat of Bydgoszcz County and the co-capital, with Toru\u0144, of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999. Prior to this, between 1947 and 1998, it was the capital of the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship, and before that, of the Pomeranian Voivodeship between 1945 and 1947. Located in the historical region of Kuyavia, it is its largest city.\nThe city is part of the Bydgoszcz\u2013Toru\u0144 metropolitan area, which totals over 850,000 inhabitants. Bydgoszcz is the seat of Casimir the Great University, University of Technology and Life Sciences and a conservatory, as well as the Medical College of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144. It also hosts the Pomeranian Philharmonic concert hall, the Opera Nova opera house, and Bydgoszcz Airport. Due to its location between the Vistula and Oder rivers, and the water course of the Bydgoszcz Canal, the city forms part of a water system connected via the Note\u0107, Warta and Elbe with the Rhine and Rotterdam.\nBydgoszcz is an architecturally rich city, with neo-gothic, neo-baroque, neoclassicist, modernist and Art Nouveau styles present, for which it earned a nickname Little Berlin. The notable granaries on Mill Island and along the riverside belong to one of the most recognized timber-framed landmarks in Poland.", "Q1331280": "The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA, the Air Force Academy, or the Academy) is a military academy for officer cadets of the United States Air Force and United States Space Force immediately north of Colorado Springs, Colorado. It is the youngest of the five U.S. service academies, having graduated its first class 61 years ago in 1959, but is the third in seniority. Graduates of the academy's four-year program receive a Bachelor of Science degree and are commissioned as second lieutenants in the U.S. Air Force or U.S. Space Force. The academy is also one of the largest tourist attractions in Colorado, attracting approximately a million visitors each year.Admission is extremely competitive, with nominations divided equally among Congressional districts. Recent incoming classes have had about 1,200 cadets; since 2012, around 20% of each incoming class does not graduate. During their tenure at the Academy, cadets receive tuition, room and board, and a monthly stipend all paid for by the Air Force. On the first day of a cadet's second class year, cadets commit to serving a number of years as a commissioned officer in the Air Force or Space Force. Non-graduates after that point are expected to fulfill their obligations in enlisted service or pay back full tuition. The commitment is normally five years of active duty and three years in the reserves, although it has varied depending on the graduate's Air Force Specialty Code.\nThe program at the academy is guided by the Air Force's core values of \"Integrity First, Service Before Self, and Excellence in All We Do\", and based on four \"pillars of excellence\": military training, academics, athletics and character development. In addition to a rigorous military training regimen, cadets also take a broad academic course load with an extensive core curriculum in engineering, humanities, social sciences, basic sciences, military studies and physical education. All cadets participate in either intercollegiate or intramural athletics, and a thorough character development and leadership curriculum provides cadets a basis for future officership. Each of the components of the program is intended to give cadets the skills and knowledge that they will need for success as officers.", "Q95765": "Werner Keller (August 13, 1909 in Gut Nutha, Anhalt \u2013 February 29, 1980 in Ascona) was a German civil servant, journalist, nonfiction author and anti-Nazi resistance fighter.\nHe studied Engineering and Medicine, and then Jurisprudence, in Berlin, Rostock, Zurich and Jena. In 1933 he became a Doctor of Jurisprudence.\nWhile working as a senior staff member in Albert Speer's Ministry of Armaments, he saved the lives of many Jews. In 1945 Keller organized an anti-Nazi resistance group in Berlin which briefly ran a pirate radio station and which planned a rather foolhardy attempt on Hitler's life.\nHe was caught and sentenced by the Nazi Volksgerichtshof (\"People's Court\") to death by hanging. In February 1945 high-ranking friends managed, possibly by a bribe, to get his execution put off at the last moment and get him transferred to Fort Zinna, the Wehrmacht prison in Torgau. There, Keller was at the end of April 1945 liberated by American troops of the 69th Infantry Division.\nAfter the Second World War Keller worked as a journalist and a science writer in Hamburg. He has worked for Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk (The North West German Broadcasting Corporation) and for such papers and magazines as Die Welt, Die Zeit, Stern, and Neue Illustrierte. He sometimes used the pseudonym Norman Alken.\nIn 1955 he published The Bible as History, his best-known and most successful book, which correlated the text of the Bible with the results of archaeological diggings in the Middle East, providing, according to Keller, a confirmation for the Bible's veracity which was not dependent on religious faith. It had a circulation of over one million in Germany and has been translated into more than 20 languages, and in 1957 gained him the Italian Literary Prize Premio Bancarella. Among others, it was successfully translated into Hebrew at a time when cultural relations with Germany were far from taken for granted in Israel; the \"Davar\" Labour daily in Tel Aviv in 1958 distributed free copies of Keller's book to its subscribers.\nAmong his other works, the socio-historical book East Minus West Equals Zero, in which the author asserts that all political, scientific and cultural achievements of Russians from medieval times to the onset of Space Race have their origin in the West, from where they were imported and copied, gained the attention of the Western public.\nLater books by Keller dealt with the history and culture of the Etruscans.", "Q82219": "William Denning (April 1740 \u2013 October 30, 1819) was a merchant and United States Representative from New York.", "Q709921": "William Surles McArthur Jr. (born July 26, 1951) is a retired United States Army colonel and NASA astronaut and a veteran of three Space Shuttle missions and one expedition to the International Space Station via the Russian Soyuz capsule.\n\n", "Q528943": "Guion Stewart Bluford Jr. (born November 22, 1942) is an American aerospace engineer, retired U.S. Air Force officer and fighter pilot, and former NASA astronaut, who is the first African American and the second person of African descent to go to space. Before becoming an astronaut, he was an officer in the U.S. Air Force, where he remained while assigned to NASA, rising to the rank of colonel. He participated in four Space Shuttle flights between 1983 and 1992. In 1983, as a member of the crew of the Orbiter Challenger on the mission STS-8, he became the first African American in space as well as the second person of African ancestry in space, after Cuban cosmonaut Arnaldo Tamayo M\u00e9ndez.\n\n", "Q77938": "William Prager, (before 1940) Willy Prager, (May 23, 1903 in Karlsruhe \u2013 March 17, 1980 in Zurich) was a German-born US applied mathematician. In the field of mechanics he is well known for the Drucker\u2013Prager yield criterion.\nWilly Prager studied civil engineering at the Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt and received his diploma in 1925. He received his doctorate in 1926 and worked as a research assistant in the field of mechanics from 1925 to 1929. From 1927 to 1929 he habilitated. He was a deputy director at University of G\u00f6ttingen, professor at Karlsruhe, University of Istanbul, the University of California, San Diego and Brown University, where he advised Bernard Budiansky. Prager was also on a sabbatical at IBM's research lab in Zurich.The Society of Engineering Science has awarded the William Prager Medal in Solid Mechanics since 1983 in his honor. In 1957, he received a Guggenheim Fellowship.", "Q1321093": "John Hiromu Kitagawa (\u559c\u591a\u5ddd \u64f4, Kitagawa Hiromu, October 23, 1931 \u2013 July 9, 2019), known professionally as Johnny Kitagawa (\u30b8\u30e3\u30cb\u30fc\u559c\u591a\u5ddd, Jan\u012b Kitagawa), was a Japanese businessman and talent manager. He was the founder and president of Johnny & Associates, a production agency for numerous popular boy bands in Japan. Kitagawa assembled, produced and managed more than a dozen popular bands, including Tanokin Trio, Hey! Say! JUMP, SMAP, Arashi, Kanjani8, V6, NEWS and KAT-TUN. Kitagawa's influence spread beyond music to the realms of theatre and television. Regarded as one of the most powerful figures in the Japanese entertainment industry, he held a virtual monopoly on the creation of boy bands in Japan for more than 40 years.From 1988 to 2000, Kitagawa was the subject of a number of claims that he had taken advantage of his position to engage in improper sexual relationships with boys under contract to his talent agency. Kitagawa denied these claims, and in 2002 was awarded an 8.8 million yen judgment against the magazine that had published such allegations. An appeal by the magazine followed, resulting in a partial reversal of the judgment. The Tokyo High Court reduced the damages to \u00a51.2 million, concluding that the reports of drinking and smoking were defamatory but that the allegations of sexual exploitation of adolescent boys by Johnny Kitagawa were true. A 2004 appeal to the Supreme Court by Kitagawa was rejected.", "Q1865003": "The Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (Lietuvos moksl\u0173 akademija) or LAS, founded in 1941 as the Lithuanian SSR Academy of Sciences (Lithuanian: Lietuvos TSR Moksl\u0173 akademija), as an autonomous, state-subsidized establishment serving as a scientific advisory body to the government of Lithuanian SSR. Following the 1991 passage of the Law on Research and Higher Education of the Republic of Lithuania, it was reorganized. \nIts first president was Vincas Kr\u0117v\u0117-Mickevi\u010dius, followed by Mykolas Bir\u017ei\u0161ka, Vladas Jurgutis, Juozas Matulis, Juras Po\u017eela, Benediktas Juodka, and Zenonas Rokus Rudzikas, Valdemaras Razumas, J\u016bras Banys. \nThe Academy represents the Republic of Lithuania in the following international organizations: ALLEA (the Federation of ALL European Academies), ICSU (the International Council for Science), EASAC (the European Academies Science Advisory Council), and IAP (the InterAcademy Panel). In addition to founding several scientific institutions and foundations, it issues publications and textbooks, sponsors symposia and conferences. It has established 15 memorial prizes and awards, encourages young scientists and students to engage in research by annually awarding 10 prizes to young scientists and 15 prizes to students. Since 2008 together with the Bank of Lithuania grants Vladas Jurgutis Award.\nThe Academy's headquarters are located in Vilnius.", "Q529485": "Chelsy Yvonne Davy (born 13 October 1985) is a Zimbabwean businesswoman who is the owner and founder of AYA and Aya Africa Travel.", "Q303745": "The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (also rendered as Swiss Socialist Party; German: Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz, SP; French: Parti socialiste suisse, PS; Italian: Partito Socialista Svizzero; Romansh: Partida Socialdemocrata de la Svizra) is a political party in Switzerland. It has had two representatives on the Swiss Federal Council since 1960 and received the second highest total number of votes in the 2015 national elections.\nThe party was founded on 21 October 1888, and is currently the second largest of the four leading coalition political parties in Switzerland. It is the only party on the left with representatives on the Swiss Federal Council, currently Alain Berset and Simonetta Sommaruga. As of September 2019, the SP is the second largest political party in the Swiss parliament.\nThe SP is the largest pro-European party in Switzerland and supports Swiss membership of the European Union, unlike most other Swiss parties. Additionally, it is strongly opposed to capitalism and maintains a long-term goal of \"overcoming capitalism\". The party is a member of the Progressive Alliance, and an associate member of the Party of European Socialists.", "Q154869": "Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver. During the initial infection people often have mild or no symptoms. Occasionally a fever, dark urine, abdominal pain, and yellow tinged skin occurs. The virus persists in the liver in about 75% to 85% of those initially infected. Early on chronic infection typically has no symptoms. Over many years however, it often leads to liver disease and occasionally cirrhosis. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will develop serious complications such as liver failure, liver cancer, or dilated blood vessels in the esophagus and stomach.HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, needlestick injuries in healthcare, and transfusions. Using blood screening, the risk from a transfusion is less than one per two million. It may also be spread from an infected mother to her baby during birth. It is not spread by superficial contact. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. Diagnosis is by blood testing to look for either antibodies to the virus or its RNA. Testing is recommended in all people who are at risk.There is no vaccine against hepatitis C. Prevention includes harm reduction efforts among people who use intravenous drugs and testing donated blood. Chronic infection can be cured about 95% of the time with antiviral medications such as sofosbuvir or simeprevir. Peginterferon and ribavirin were earlier generation treatments that had a cure rate of less than 50% and greater side effects. Getting access to the newer treatments however can be expensive. Those who develop cirrhosis or liver cancer may require a liver transplant. Hepatitis C is the leading reason for liver transplantation, though the virus usually recurs after transplantation.An estimated 143 million people (2%) worldwide are infected with hepatitis C as of 2015. In 2013, about eleven million new cases occurred. It occurs most commonly in Africa and Central and East Asia. About 167,000 deaths due to liver cancer and 326,000 deaths due to cirrhosis occurred in 2015 due to hepatitis C. The existence of hepatitis C \u2013 originally identifiable only as a type of non-A non-B hepatitis \u2013 was suggested in the 1970s and proven in 1989. Hepatitis C infects only humans and chimpanzees.", "Q266863": "Laura Anne Ingraham is an American conservative television host. Ingraham formerly hosted the nationally syndicated radio show The Laura Ingraham Show for nearly two decades, is the editor-in-chief of LifeZette, and beginning in October 2017, has been the host of The Ingraham Angle on Fox News Channel.Ingraham worked as a speechwriter in the Reagan administration in the late 1980s. Afterwards she earned a J.D. degree and Ingraham went on to work as a judicial clerk in the Second Circuit Court of Appeals in New York and then for United States Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. She also worked for the law firm Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom in New York City. Ingraham began her media career in the mid-1990s.", "Q124356": "Julia J\u00e4ger (born 28 January 1970) is a German actress. \nShe was born in Angerm\u00fcnde, Brandenburg and grew up in Frankfurt (Oder), where her father Diether J\u00e4ger was a stage actor. At the age of 13, she appeared in the children's film Moritz in der Litfa\u00dfs\u00e4ule. From 1988 to 1991 she studied at the Theaterhochschule Leipzig and was immediately afterwards engaged by the municipal theatre of Leipzig (Schauspiel Leipzig), being an ensemble member until 1995.\nJ\u00e4ger has appeared in multiple movies like Karniggels (1991), Outside Time (1995), Berlin is in Germany (2001), and the Oscar-winning short film Toyland (2007); as well as telefilms and series including Polizeiruf 110 (since 1994), Der letzte Zeuge (2002\u201303), Tatort (since 2003), Donna Leon (since 2003), Die Frau vom Checkpoint Charlie (2007), Zeit der Helden (2013).\nShe won the Best Actress award of the Cairo International Film Festival 1996 and the 2014 Grimme Award.", "Q4709336": "Albany Law School is a private, independent, American Bar Association-accredited law school founded in 1851 in Albany, New York. It has an affiliation agreement with University at Albany that includes shared programs. The school is located near New York's highest court, federal courts, the executive branch and the state legislature.", "Q1754823": "John Adam Estes (January 25, 1899 or 1900 \u2013 June 5, 1977), known as Sleepy John Estes, was an American blues guitarist, songwriter and vocalist.", "Q57430": "Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (31 July 1884 \u2013 2 February 1945) was a monarchist conservative German politician, executive, economist, civil servant and opponent of the Nazi regime. He opposed some of the anti-Jewish policies while he held office and was opposed to the Holocaust.\nHad the 20 July plot to assassinate Hitler of 1944 succeeded, Goerdeler would have served as the Chancellor of the new government. After his arrest, he gave names of numerous co-conspirators to the Gestapo, causing the arrests and executions of hundreds or even thousands of others. He was executed by hanging on 2 February 1945.", "Q991387": "Teaneck is a township in Bergen County in New Jersey, United States, and a suburb in the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 39,776, reflecting an increase of 516 (+1.3%) from the 39,260 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,435 (+3.8%) from the 37,825 counted in the 1990 Census. As of 2010 it was the second-most populous among the 70 municipalities in Bergen County, behind Hackensack, which had a population of 43,010.Teaneck was created on February 19, 1895 by an act of the New Jersey Legislature from portions of Englewood Township and Ridgefield Township, both of which are now defunct (despite existing municipalities with similar names), along with portions of Bogota and Leonia. Independence followed the result of a referendum held on January 14, 1895, in which voters favored incorporation by a 46\u20137 margin. To address the concerns of Englewood Township's leaders, the new municipality was formed as a township, rather than succumbing to the borough craze sweeping across Bergen County at the time. On May 3, 1921, and June 1, 1926, portions of what had been Teaneck were transferred to Overpeck Township.Teaneck lies at the junction of Interstate 95 and the eastern terminus of Interstate 80. The township is bisected into north and south portions by Route 4 and east and west by the CSX Transportation River Subdivision. Commercial development is concentrated in four main shopping areas, on Cedar Lane, Teaneck Road, DeGraw Avenue, West Englewood Avenue and Queen Anne Road, more commonly known as \"The Plaza\".Teaneck's location at the crossroads of river, road, train and other geographical features has made it a site of many momentous events across the centuries. After the American defeat at the Battle of Fort Washington, George Washington and the troops of the Continental Army retreated across New Jersey from the British Army, traveling through Teaneck and crossing the Hackensack River at New Bridge Landing, which has since been turned into a state park and historic site commemorating the events of 1776 and of early colonial life. In 1965, Teaneck voluntarily desegregated its public schools, after the Board of Education approved a plan to do so by a 7\u20132 vote on May 13, 1964. Teaneck has a diverse population, with large Jewish and African American communities, and growing numbers of Hispanic and Asian residents.", "Q54111": "Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France. In its purest form, it is a style principally derived from the architecture of Classical antiquity, the Vitruvian principles, and the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio.The development of archaeology was crucial in the emergence of Neoclassical architecture. Excavation sites like those in Pompeii and Herculaneum allowed architects to make in depth interpretations of Classical architecture and synthesize their own unique style.In form, Neoclassical architecture emphasizes the wall rather than chiaroscuro and maintains separate identities to each of its parts. The style is manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulae as an outgrowth of some classicising features of the Late Baroque architectural tradition. Therefore, the style defined by symmetry, simple geometry, and social demands instead of ornament. Neoclassical architecture is still designed today, but may be labelled New Classical architecture for contemporary buildings.\nIn Central and Eastern Europe, the style is usually referred to as 'Classicism', while the newer revival styles of the 19th century until today are called Neoclassical.\n\n", "Q280470": "Souls at Sea is a 1937 American adventure film directed by Henry Hathaway and starring Gary Cooper, George Raft, and Frances Dee. Based on a story by Ted Lesser, the film is about a first mate on a slave ship who frees the slaves on the ship after a mutiny overthrows the ship's captain. The title of this film was spoofed in the Laurel and Hardy comedy film Saps at Sea (1940).", "Q930207": "Alan Charles Lancaster (born 7 February 1949) is an English bassist, best known as a founding member of the English rock band Status Quo from 1967 to 1985, with brief reunions in 2013 & 2014. As well as contributing to songwriting, he was also one of the lead vocalists on albums and live concerts taking the lead on tracks such as \"Backwater\", \"Is There a Better Way\", \"Bye Bye Johnny\", \"High Flyer\" and \"Roadhouse Blues\", etc.\nAlan Lancaster formed the group in 1962 with his then schoolmate Francis Rossi. His final performance as a full-time member of Status Quo was at Wembley Stadium on 13 July 1985 for the opening of Live Aid. In March 2013 he collaborated with his old bandmates for a series of \"Frantic Four\" concerts in the UK.", "Q4790729": "Arinobu Fukuhara (\u798f\u539f \u6709\u4fe1, Fukuhara Arinobu, May 10, 1848 \u2013 March 30, 1924) was a Japanese businessman and pharmacist, who was the head of Apothecary Shiseid\u014d (which in 1927 would be incorporated as Shiseid\u014d) and Toku Fukuhara (\u798f\u539f \u3068\u304f, Fukuhara Toku). In addition, this businessman's name is known internationally because of the Arinobu Fukuhara House at Hakone, which Frank Lloyd Wright designed in 1918 as a Prairie-style vacation villa for the extended Fukuhara family.Born in Awa, Chiba-ken, he rose in due course to become Chief Pharmacist of the Imperial Japanese Navy. In retirement, he embarked on a second career which would bring fame and fortune. He was also president of the Aikoko Insurance Company.", "Q106861": "Dschinghis Khan (known in some countries as Genghis Khan) is a German Euro disco pop band. It was originally formed in Munich in 1979 to compete in the Eurovision Song Contest with their song \"Dschinghis Khan\". In 2018, there have been two groups with the name: the one led by original members Henriette Strobel and Edina Pop, and a more current group led by original member Wolfgang Heichel and Stefan Track, who replaced the late Louis Potgieter in the 2005 reunion concert.", "Q90635": "Nusch \u00c9luard (born Maria Benz; 21 June 1906 \u2013 28 November 1946) was a French performer, model and surrealist artist.\nBorn Maria Benz in Mulhouse (then part of the German Empire), she met Swiss architect and artist Max Bill in the Odeon Caf\u00e9 in Z\u00fcrich; he nicknamed her \"Nusch\", a name she would stick to. Their liaison ended after six months when Max Bill's plan to marry her in order to avoid her pending extradition from Switzerland was vetoed by his father (to whom he owed a substantial amount of money due to medical expenses following an accident which had forced him to leave the Bauhaus).", "Q274297": "\u00c9douard Adolphe Drumont (3 May 1844 \u2013 5 February 1917) was a French journalist and writer. An ardent socialist, he initiated the Antisemitic League of France in 1889, and was the founder and editor of the newspaper La Libre Parole. After spending years of research, he synthesised three major types of antisemitism. The first type was traditional Catholic attitudes toward the alien \"Christ killers\" augmented by vehement antipathy toward the French Revolution. The second type was hostility toward capitalism. The third type was so-called scientific racism, based on the argument that races have fixed characteristics, and asserting that Jews have negative characteristics. Drumont's biographer, Gr\u00e9goire Kauffmann, places Drumont within the counter-revolutionary tradition of Louis Veuillot, Antoine Blanc de Saint-Bonnet, and anti-modern Catholicism. Socialist leader Jean Jaur\u00e8s stated that \"all the ideas and arguments of Drumont were taken from certain clerical opponents of the French Revolution.", "Q852496": "Karvin\u00e1 District (Czech: okres Karvin\u00e1, Polish: powiat Karwina) is a district (okres) within the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. Its administrative center is the city of Karvin\u00e1. It was created by 1960 reform of administrative divisions in the area of former Fry\u0161t\u00e1t District. Karvin\u00e1 District is part of Czech Silesia.\nThe Karvin\u00e1 District is facing a fast population decline. The population decrease between 2010 and 2019 was 23,445 people (8,6 %).", "Q120118": "Friederike von Alvensleben (1749-1799), was a German actor and theater director. She was the managing director of a notable theater company, which was famous in Northern Germany during the second half of the 18th-century. She was first married to Karl Theophil D\u00f6bbelin and then to Johann Friedrich von Alvensleben (1736-1819).", "Q14535": "Fereydun Robert \"Fred\" Armisen (born December 4, 1966) is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer and musician best known as a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 2002 until 2013. Armisen has portrayed characters in comedy films, including EuroTrip, Anchorman and Cop Out. With his comedy partner Carrie Brownstein, Armisen is the co-creator and co-star of the IFC sketch comedy series Portlandia. Armisen founded ThunderAnt.com, a website that features the comedy sketches created with Brownstein, and is the bandleader and frequent drummer for the Late Night with Seth Meyers house band, The 8G Band.\nFor his work on Portlandia, Armisen was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series in 2012, 2013 and 2014 and for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 2014. He has also won two Peabody Awards, one in 2008 as part of the Saturday Night Live political satire cast and one in 2011 for Portlandia.", "Q951835": "Louis Feuillade (French: [f\u0153jad]; 19 February 1873 \u2013 25 February 1925) was a prolific and prominent French film director from the silent era. Between 1906 and 1924 he directed over 630 films.He is primarily known for the serials Fant\u00f4mas, Les Vampires and Judex.", "Q744809": "The Like was an alternative rock band from Los Angeles, California. Its final lineup consisted of Z Berg (vocals and guitar), Tennessee Thomas (drums), Laena Geronimo (bass), and Annie Monroe (organ). The band released three extended plays (EPs) and two studio albums.", "Q864124": "Los Altos ( (listen)) is a city in Santa Clara County, California, in northern Silicon Valley, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Los Altos means \"the heights\" in Spanish. The population was 28,976 according to the 2010 census.\nMost of the city's growth occurred between 1950 and 1980. Originally an agricultural town with many summer cottages and apricot orchards, Los Altos is now a town in Silicon Valley. Los Altos has commercial zones, strictly limited to the downtown area, as well as small shopping and office parks lining Foothill Expressway and El Camino Real.", "Q42773": "Kunshan is a county-level city in southeastern Jiangsu province with Shanghai bordering its eastern border and Suzhou on its western boundary. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Suzhou.", "Q178373": "Rasht (Persian: \u0631\u0634\u062a\u200e, romanized: \u0154\u00e4\u0161t [\u027e\u00e6\u0283t] (listen); Gilaki: R\u0259\u0161t; also romanized as Resht and Rast, and often spelt Recht in French and older German manuscripts) is the capital city of Gilan Province, Iran. Also known as the \"City of Rain\" (\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646, \u015cahre B\u0101r\u0101n), it had a population of 639,951 as of the 24 October 2011 census and is the most densely populated city of Iran.\nRasht is the largest city on Iran's Caspian Sea coast. It is a major trade center between Caucasia, Russia and Iran using the port of Bandar-e Anzali. Rasht is also a major tourist center with the resort of Masouleh in the adjacent mountains and the beaches of Caspian as some of the major attractions.\nHistorically, Rasht was a major transport and business center which connected Iran to Russia and Europe, and because of this was known as the \"Gate of Europe\". The city has a history that goes back to the 13th century but its modern history dates back to the Safavid era during which Rasht was a major silk trade center with numerous textile workshops.\n\n", "Q9457": "Abid Surti or Aabid Surti (Hindi: \u0906\u092c\u093f\u0926 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0924\u0940; Gujarati: \u0a86\u0aac\u0abf\u0aa6 \u0ab8\u0ac1\u0ab0\u0aa4\u0ac0; born 5 May 1935) is a painter, author, cartoonist, journalist, environmentalist, playwright and screenwriter from India. He was given a National Award by the government of India in 1993 for writing a series of short stories called the \"Teesri Aankh\".\n\n", "Q68830": "Heinz Auerswald (26 July 1908 \u2013 5 December 1970) was a German lawyer and member of the SS in Nazi Germany, which he joined in 1933. In 1937 he became member of the NSDAP.", "Q259463": "The 7th arrondissement of Paris (VIIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as septi\u00e8me.\nThe arrondissement, called Palais-Bourbon, includes some of the major and well-known tourist attractions of Paris, such as the Eiffel Tower, the H\u00f4tel des Invalides (Napoleon's resting place), the Chapel of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal, and a concentration of such world-famous museums as the Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Mus\u00e9e Rodin, and the Mus\u00e9e du quai Branly.\nSituated on the Rive Gauche\u2014the \"Left\" bank of the River Seine\u2014this central arrondissement, which includes the historical aristocratic neighbourhood of Faubourg Saint-Germain, contains a number of French national institutions, among them the French National Assembly and numerous government ministries. It is also home to many foreign diplomatic embassies, some of them occupying outstanding H\u00f4tels particuliers.\nThe arrondissement has been home to the French upper class since the 17th century, when it became the new residence of French highest nobility. The district has been so fashionable within the French aristocracy that the phrase le Faubourg\u2014referring to the ancient name of the current 7th arrondissement\u2014has been used to describe French nobility ever since. The 7th arrondissement of Paris and Neuilly-sur-Seine form the most affluent and prestigious residential area in France.", "Q256750": "Bertine Axeliane Robberstad Zetlitz (born 9 April 1975) is a Norwegian pop singer.", "Q2331920": "Allen Gregory is an American animated sitcom created by Jonah Hill, Jarrad Paul, and Andrew Mogul for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series follows pretentious seven-year-old Allen Gregory De Longpre, who is raised by his two rich homosexual fathers, Richard and Jeremy. The series received negative reviews from critics. On January 8, 2012, the series was cancelled after one season.", "Q539866": "Joseph Ignatius Breen (October 14, 1888 \u2013 December 5, 1965) was an American film censor with the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America who applied the Hays Code to film production.", "Q229184": "Lily Jane Collins (born 18 March 1989) is an English-American actress, model, and writer. The daughter of English musician Phil Collins and American Jill Tavelman, she was born in Surrey and moved to Los Angeles as a child. Her first screen role was at the age of two in the BBC series Growing Pains. She went on to study broadcast journalism at the University of Southern California, and as a teenager, wrote for Seventeen magazine, Teen Vogue, and The Los Angeles Times. She was named International Model of the Year by Spain's Glamour magazine after being selected by Chanel to wear one of their dresses at the Hotel de Crillon in 2007.\nShe has had leading roles in films such as the sci-fi action-horror film Priest (2011) and the psychological action-thriller Abduction (2011), and the fantasy Mirror Mirror (2012) in the role of Snow White. In 2013, she received wider recognition after taking on the role of Clary Fray in the fantasy The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones, for which she was nominated for the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress \u2013 Action and an MTV Movie Award. She is also known for her roles in independent films, such as the romantic comedy-drama Stuck in Love (2012), the romantic comedy The English Teacher (2013), and the romantic comedy-drama Love, Rosie (2014). In 2016, she won the New Hollywood Film Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her role as Marla Mabrey in Rules Don't Apply. In 2017, her performance as a young adult with anorexia in the Netflix drama To the Bone was praised, with Collins herself having overcome an eating disorder in the years before the film, and she and director Marti Noxon were honored at Project Heal for the film. She starred as Fantine in the BBC miniseries adaptation of Les Mis\u00e9rables (2018\u20132019), and in 2019 appeared in two biographical films, the Netflix drama Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile, and as Edith Tolkien in Tolkien. Also, she will be starring in the Paramount Network's upcoming series Emily in Paris as Emily, which is scheduled to be released this year.Collins is also a published author, with her first book, Unfiltered: No Shame, No Regrets, Just Me, being released in 2017 to critical praise.", "Q876520": "The University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, or simply BOKU (derived from its German name, Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Bodenkultur Wien, German pronunciation: [\u02ccuniv\u025b\u0281zi\u02c8t\u025b\u02d0t fy\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u02c8bo\u02d0dn\u0329k\u028al\u02cctu\u02d0\u0250\u032f vi\u02d0n] (listen)), founded in 1872, is an education and research centre for renewable resources in Vienna, Austria. BOKU combines expertise in the fields of natural sciences, engineering and biotechnology as well as social and economic sciences. In research and teaching, it focuses on\n\nthe conservation and development of protection for habitats, economy and living standards\nthe management of natural resources and environment\nthe protection of food and healthBOKU sees itself as an innovation leader in the green economy, with the goal of integrating sustainability into all processes in society. It is a member of the Euroleague for Life Sciences (ELLS), the United Nations Academic Impact (UNAI), the European University Initiative (EPICUR), the Austrian-African Research Network (Africa UniNet) and numerous other international cooperations. There are currently 11,234 students from over 100 countries enrolled at BOKU.\n\n", "Q57418": "Denis Sassou Nguesso (born 23 November 1943) is a Congolese politician who has been the President of the Republic of the Congo since 1997. He was previously President from 1979 to 1992. During his first period as President, he headed the single-party r\u00e9gime of the Congolese Party of Labour (PCT) for 12 years. Under pressure from international sources, he introduced multiparty politics in 1990 and was then stripped of executive powers by the 1991 National Conference, remaining in office as a ceremonial head of state. He stood as a candidate in the 1992 presidential election but was defeated, placing third.\nSassou Nguesso was an opposition leader for five years before returning to power during the Second Civil War (1997\u20131999), in which his rebel forces ousted President Pascal Lissouba. Following a transitional period, he won the 2002 presidential election, which involved low opposition participation; he was re-elected in the 2009 presidential election. The introduction of a new constitution, passed by referendum in 2015, enabled Sassou Nguesso to stand for another term. He was re-elected in the 2016 presidential election with a majority in the first round.\nSassou Nguesso is backed by a variety of political parties, most importantly the PCT. He is the President of the PCT Central Committee.", "Q517543": "Martyna Wojciechowska (born 28 September 1974 in Warsaw as Marta Eliza Wojciechowska) is a Polish TV presenter, mountaineer, traveller, journalist, sportswoman and writer. In 2010, she completed the Seven Summits. She presents the television series Kobieta na kra\u0144cu \u015bwiata (Woman at the Edge of the World), and is the editor in chief of National Geographic Poland.\n\n", "Q201608": "Dennis Keith Rodman (born May 13, 1961) is an American retired professional basketball player who played for the Detroit Pistons, San Antonio Spurs, Chicago Bulls, Los Angeles Lakers, and Dallas Mavericks in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was nicknamed \"the Worm\" and is famous for his fierce defensive and rebounding abilities.\nRodman played at the small forward position in his early years before becoming a power forward. He earned NBA All-Defensive First Team honors seven times and won the NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award twice. He also led the NBA in rebounds per game for a record seven consecutive years and won five NBA championships. His biography at NBA.com states that he is \"arguably the best rebounding forward in NBA history\". On April 1, 2011, the Pistons retired Rodman's No. 10 jersey, and he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame later that year.Rodman experienced an unhappy childhood and was shy and introverted in his early years. After aborting a suicide attempt in 1993, he reinvented himself as a \"bad boy\" and became notorious for numerous controversial antics. He repeatedly dyed his hair in artificial colors, had many piercings and tattoos, and regularly disrupted games by clashing with opposing players and officials. He famously wore a wedding dress to promote his 1996 autobiography Bad As I Wanna Be. Rodman pursued a high-profile affair with singer Madonna and was briefly married to actress Carmen Electra. Rodman also attracted international attention for his visits to North Korea and his subsequent befriending of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un in 2013.\nIn addition to being a retired professional basketball player, Rodman is a retired part-time professional wrestler and actor. He was a member of the nWo and fought alongside Hulk Hogan at two Bash at the Beach events. In professional wrestling, Rodman was the first ever winner of the Celebrity Championship Wrestling tournament. He had his own TV show, The Rodman World Tour, and had lead roles in the action films Double Team (1997) and Simon Sez (1999). Both films were critically panned, with the former earning Rodman a triple Razzie Award. He appeared in several reality TV series and was the winner of the $222,000 main prize of the 2004 edition of Celebrity Mole.", "Q83649": "Private Benjamin is a 1980 American comedy film starring Goldie Hawn. The film was one of the biggest box office hits of 1980, and also spawned a short-lived television series. The film is ranked 82 on the American Film Institute's 100 Years...100 Laughs list, and 59 on Bravo's list of \"100 Funniest Movies\".", "Q250447": "Nothing to Declare (French: Rien \u00e0 d\u00e9clarer) is a 2010 Franco-Belgian comedy film, written and directed by Dany Boon.", "Q518116": "The France national rugby union team (French: \u00c9quipe nationale de France de Rugby de XV) represents France in men's international rugby union and it's administered by the French Rugby Federation. They traditionally play in blue shirts emblazoned with the national emblem of a golden rooster on a red shield, with white shorts and red socks; thus they are commonly referred to as Les Tricolores or Les Bleus. The team's home matches are mostly played at the Stade de France in the Paris suburb of Saint-Denis. France is ranked 6th in the World Rugby Rankings as of February 9, 2020.\nRugby was introduced to France in 1872 by the British, and on New Years Day 1906, the national side played its first Test match \u2013 against New Zealand in Paris. France played sporadically against the Home Nations until they joined them to form the Five Nations Championship (now the Six Nations) in 1910. France also competed in the rugby competitions at early Summer Olympics, winning the gold medal in 1900 and two silver medals in the 1920s. The national team came of age during the 1950s and 1960s, winning their first Five Nations title outright in 1959. They won their first Grand Slam in 1968. Since then they have won the title outright 17 times, including nine grand slams, and shared it eight times.\nFrance has competed in every Rugby World Cup since it began in 1987, and qualified for the knock-out stage each time. They have reached the final three times, losing to the All Blacks in 1987 and 2011, and to Australia in 1999. France hosted the 2007 Rugby World Cup, where, as in 2003, they were beaten in the semi-finals by England, and will once again host the tournament in 2023.", "Q2281991": "Sidney Rittenberg (Chinese: \u674e\u6566\u767d; pinyin: L\u01d0 D\u016bnb\u00e1i; August 14, 1921 \u2013 August 24, 2019) was an American journalist, scholar, and Chinese linguist who lived in China from 1944 to 1980. He worked closely with Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, and other leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the Chinese Communist Revolution, and was with these central Communist leaders at Yan'an. He witnessed first-hand much of what occurred at upper levels of the CCP and knew many of its leaders personally, approving of the crackdown on dissidents Later, he was imprisoned in solitary confinement, twice. He was the first American citizen to join the CCP.", "Q500759": "S Club 7 were an English pop group from London created by former Spice Girls manager Simon Fuller consisting of members Bradley McIntosh, Hannah Spearritt, Jo O'Meara, Jon Lee, Paul Cattermole, Rachel Stevens and Tina Barrett. The group was formed in 1998 and quickly rose to fame by starring in their own BBC television series, Miami 7. In their five years together, S Club 7 had four UK number-one singles, one UK number-one album, and a string of hits throughout Europe as well as a Top 10 hit on the US Hot 100, with their 2000 single \"Never Had a Dream Come True\". They recorded four studio albums, released 11 singles and went on to sell over 10 million albums worldwide.The concept of the group was created by Simon Fuller who signed them to Polydor Records. Their show lasted four series and saw the group travel across the US, eventually ending up in Barcelona. It became popular in 100 countries where the show was watched by over 90 million viewers. The show, a children's sitcom, often mirrored real-life events which had occurred in S Club, like the relationship of Spearritt and Cattermole, and Cattermole's departure from the group. S Club 7 won two BRIT Awards\u2014in 2000 for British breakthrough act and in 2002, for best British single. In 2001 the group earned the Record of the Year award. Cattermole departed in 2002, citing \"creative differences\", and the group name dropped the \"7\". Their penultimate single reached number five in the UK charts and their final album failed to make the top ten. Following Cattermole's departure, the group fought many rumours presuming that they were about to split. However, on 21 April 2003, during a live onstage performance, S Club announced that they were to disband.In 2015 the original lineup announced a UK reunion tour for 2015.", "Q1492758": "Galusha Aaron Grow (August 31, 1823 \u2013 March 31, 1907) was a prominent American politician, lawyer, writer and businessman, who served as 24th Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1861 to 1863. Elected as a Democrat in the 1850 congressional elections, he switched to the newly-organized Republican Party in the mid-1850s when the Democratic Party refused to prohibit the extension of slavery into western territories.\nElected speaker for the 37th Congress, Grow presided over the House during the initial years of the American Civil War. During his tenure Congress passed the landmark Homestead Act of 1862, which he supported. Grow was defeated for reelection in 1862. For over a century he remained the last incumbent House speaker to be defeated, until Speaker Tom Foley lost his seat in 1994.After leaving office he continued to speak out on political issues, but did not serve in elective office. Then, 31 years after leaving office, Grow won an 1894 special election to succeed William Lilly. It remains one of the longest known interregnums between terms of service for a House member. Over the course of his career, Grow represented the people of three Pennsylvania congressional districts: the 12th district (1851\u20131853), 14th district (1853\u20131863), and Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district (1894\u20131903).", "Q92744": "Kristen Nygaard (27 August 1926 \u2013 10 August 2002) was a Norwegian computer scientist, programming language pioneer, and politician. Internationally Nygaard is acknowledged as the co-inventor of object-oriented programming and the programming language Simula with Ole-Johan Dahl in the 1960s. Nygaard and Dahl received the 2001 A. M. Turing Award for their contribution to computer science.", "Q83891": "The Sasanian Empire (), officially known as the Empire of Iranians (Middle Persian: \ud802\udf60\ud802\udf69\ud802\udf65\ud802\udf60\ud802\udf6d\ud802\udf71\ud802\udf72\ud802\udf65\ud802\udf69 \u0112r\u0101nshahr), also called the Neo-Persian Empire by historians, was the last kingdom of the Persian Empire before the spread of Islam. Named after the House of Sasan, it ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire succeeded the Parthian Empire and was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival, the Roman-Byzantine Empire for a period of more than 400 years.The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of its last emperor, Artabanus IV. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Republic of Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen, and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.The Sasanian Empire during late antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important, and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest of Persia and the Islamization of Iran. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian culture. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.", "Q69290": "Genolier is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q173540": "Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell (November 8, 1900 \u2013 August 16, 1949) was an American novelist and journalist. Mitchell wrote only one novel, published during her lifetime, the American Civil War-era novel Gone with the Wind, for which she won the National Book Award for Most Distinguished Novel of 1936 and the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1937. In more recent years, a collection of Mitchell's girlhood writings and a novella she wrote as a teenager, Lost Laysen, have been published. A collection of articles written by Mitchell for The Atlanta Journal was republished in book form.", "Q188094": "An economist is a practitioner in the social science discipline of economics.\nThe individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. Within this field there are many sub-fields, ranging from the broad philosophical theories to the focused study of minutiae within specific markets, macroeconomic analysis, microeconomic analysis or financial statement analysis, involving analytical methods and tools such as econometrics, statistics, economics computational models, financial economics, mathematical finance and mathematical economics.", "Q70919": "Veit Dietrich, also Vitus Theodorus or Vitus Diterichus, (8 December 1506 \u2013 25 March 1549) was a German Lutheran theologian, writer and a reformer.\n\n", "Q443106": "Gavin Hood (born 12 May 1963) is a South African filmmaker, screenwriter, producer, and actor, best known for writing and directing Tsotsi (2005), which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. He also directed the films X-Men Origins: Wolverine, Ender's Game, and Eye in the Sky.", "Q22939": "Axel Eduard Fischer (born 5 May 1966 in Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) is a German politician. He is a member of the CDU and has been a member of the German parliament since 1998, representing Karlsruhe-Land since 2002.", "Q96522": "Salman Schocken or Shlomo Zalman Schocken (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05d6\u05dc\u05de\u05df \u05e9\u05d5\u05e7\u05df\u200e) (October 30, 1877 \u2013 August 6, 1959) was a German Jewish publisher, and co-founder of the large Kaufhaus Schocken chain of department stores in Germany. Stripped of his citizenship and forced to sell his company by the German government, he immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1934, where he purchased the newspaper Haaretz (still majority-owned by his family). In 1940, Schocken moved to the United States, where he founded Schocken Books.", "Q705855": "Simon Paul Berry, known by his alias Art of Trance, is a trance music artist from England. Berry is also known as Poltergeist or Vicious Circles, and has been a member of the trance groups Clanger, Conscious and Union Jack. He has been producing and remixing music since 1993. In addition to his work as an artist, Berry was the founder and head of Platipus Records, based in London. Initially his label only released his own tracks. His work was first distributed on vinyl and compact disc and then digital only from 2011.", "Q347891": "S\u00e9bastien-Roch Nicolas, known in his adult life as Nicolas Chamfort and as S\u00e9bastien Nicolas de Chamfort (French: [\u0283\u0251\u0303f\u0254\u0281]; 6 April 1741 \u2013 13 April 1794), was a French writer, best known for his witty epigrams and aphorisms. He was secretary to Louis XVI's sister, and of the Jacobin club.", "Q515432": "Andrzej Poczobut (Belarusian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u044d\u0439 (\u0410\u043d\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0439) \u041f\u0430\u0447\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0442 Andrej (Andzhej) Pa\u010dobut, born 16 April 1973 in Vyalikaya Byerastavitsa) is a Belarusian and Polish journalist and activist of the Polish minority in Belarus. He lives in Hrodna, Belarus.\nA correspondent for the Polish newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza, Poczobut has been arrested more than a dozen times by the government of Belarus. In 2011, he was sentenced to a fine and fifteen days in prison for \"participation in the unsanctioned protest rally\" following the 2010 presidential election. In 2011 and 2012, he was arrested and detained for allegedly libeling President Alexander Lukashenko in his reports. The charges against Poczobut received international condemnation, with groups including the European Parliament, Reporters Without Borders, and Amnesty International issuing statements in his support.\n\n", "Q168606": "Angela Evans Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon, (born 7 January 1959) is a British Labour Co-op politician who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Basildon from 1997 until losing her seat to the Conservatives at the 2010 general election, when she stood for the revised seat of South Basildon and East Thurrock. She shortly thereafter became a member of the House of Lords.\nSmith was a Minister of State in the Cabinet Office, incorporating the offices of Minister for the Third Sector and Minister for Social Exclusion.\nShe was created a Life Peer in 2010 and became Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords in May 2015.", "Q52206": "Lope de Rueda (c.1510\u20131565) was a Spanish dramatist and author, regarded by some as the best of his era. A very versatile writer, he also wrote comedies, farces, and pasos. He was the precursor to what is considered the golden age of Spanish literature.", "Q86731": "Max Bernstein (May 12, 1854, F\u00fcrth \u2013 March 5, 1925, M\u00fcnchen) was a German art and theatre critic and author. He was the husband of Elsa Bernstein.", "Q349664": "Adam Hanuszkiewicz (16 June 1924 \u2013 4 December 2011) was a Polish actor and theatre director.Hanuszkiewicz was born in Lw\u00f3w, Poland. He died in Warsaw, aged 87.", "Q89402": "Willy Puchner (born 15 March 1952) is an Austrian photographer, artist, painter and author.", "Q300502": "A Night at the Roxbury is a 1998 American comedy film based on a recurring sketch on television's long-running Saturday Night Live called \"The Roxbury Guys\". Saturday Night Live regulars Will Ferrell, Chris Kattan, Molly Shannon, Mark McKinney and Colin Quinn star. This film expands on the original Saturday Night Live sketches where the Roxbury Guys were joined by that week's host, and bobbed their heads to Haddaway's hit song \"What Is Love\" while being comically rejected by women at various clubs.\nOther roles include Jennifer Coolidge as a police officer, Chazz Palminteri's uncredited role as gregarious night club impresario Mr. Benny Zadir, and Colin Quinn as his bodyguard Dooey. Ex-SNLer Mark McKinney has a cameo as a priest officiating a wedding.", "Q171357": "Kecskem\u00e9t (US: KETCH-kem-ayt, Hungarian: [\u02c8k\u025bt\u0361\u0283k\u025bme\u02d0t]) is a city in the central part of Hungary. It is the eighth-largest city in the country, and the county seat of B\u00e1cs-Kiskun.\nKecskem\u00e9t, lies halfway between the capital Budapest and the country's third-largest city, Szeged, 86 kilometres (53 miles) from both of them and almost equal distance from the two big rivers of the country, the Danube and the Tisza. It is the northern of two centres of the Hungarian Southern Great Plain (Hungarian: Del-Alf\u00f6ld) region (comprising the three counties B\u00e1cs-Kiskun, B\u00e9k\u00e9s and Csongr\u00e1d); the southern centre is Szeged, the seat of Csongr\u00e1d county.", "Q7791601": "Thomas Kopache (born October 17, 1945) is an American actor.", "Q151087": "J\u00e9r\u00f4me-Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte (born Girolamo Buonaparte; 15 November 1784 \u2013 24 June 1860) was the youngest brother of Napoleon I and reigned as Jerome I (formally Hieronymus Napoleon in German), King of Westphalia, between 1807 and 1813. From 1816 onward, he bore the title of Prince of Montfort. After 1848, when his nephew, Louis Napoleon, became President of the French Second Republic, he served in several official roles, including Marshal of France from 1850 onward, and President of the Senate in 1852.", "Q545205": "The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Transcaucasian SFSR or TSFSR), also known as the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was a republic of the Soviet Union that existed from 1922 to 1936. \nThe TSFSR comprised Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, traditionally known as the \"Transcaucasian Republics\" as they were separated from Russia by the Caucasus Mountains. The TSFSR was one of the four republics to sign the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR establishing the Soviet Union in 1922. The TSFSR was created ostensibly to consolidate the economic situation and Bolshevik control over the region. The TSFSR was dissolved upon the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution and its constituent republics were elevated individually to republics of the Soviet Union.", "Q16019317": "Frederick J. Brown (February 6, 1945 \u2013 May 5, 2012) was a New York City based visual artist originally from Chicago. His style ranges from abstract expressionism to figurative. His art work was influenced by historical, religious, narrative and urban themes. He is noted for his extensive portrait series of jazz and blues musicians.His work is part of the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum and National Portrait Gallery, as well as the Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art in Kansas City, Mo. In 1988, Brown had the first solo exhibition by a Western artist at the Museum of the Chinese Revolution (now the National Museum of China) in Tienanmen Square in Beijing, China.\n\n", "Q161144": "Alchevsk (Ukrainian: \u0410\u043b\u0447\u00e9\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a, translit. Alchevs'k; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0447\u00e9\u0432\u0441\u043a) is a city of oblast significance of Luhansk Oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. It is located approximately 45 kilometres (28 miles) from the oblast capital, Luhansk. Population: 109,377\u2009(2016 est.).\n\nAlchevsk is one of the largest industrial centers in the Donbass, and comprises a quarter of the entire oblast's production. The city economy depends on OJSC \"Alchevsk Iron & Steel Works\" (a trade blockade by Ukrainian activists during the War in Donbass has all but halted production of this plant in February 2017) and \"Alchevsk Coke-Chemical Plant\" companies.\nThe city was known as Voroshylovsk (Ukrainian: \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a) from 1931 to 1961, and then Komunarsk (Ukrainian: \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a) until 1991.", "Q12622": "Gaston Waringhien (July 20, 1901 \u2013 December 20, 1991) was a French linguist, lexicographer, and Esperantist. He wrote poems as well as essays and books on linguistics. He was chairman of the Akademio de Esperanto.", "Q233862": "Pamela Suzette Grier (born May 26, 1949) is an American actress. She achieved fame for her starring roles in a string of 1970s women in prison and blaxploitation films for American International Pictures and New World Pictures, most notably Coffy (1973) and Foxy Brown (1974). Her other films during this period include The Big Doll House (1971), The Big Bird Cage (1972), Black Mama, White Mama (1973), Scream Blacula Scream (1973), The Arena (1974), Sheba, Baby (1975), Bucktown (1975), and Friday Foster (1975). Described by Quentin Tarantino as cinema's first female action star, she starred as the titular character in Tarantino's 1997 crime film Jackie Brown, for which she received a Satellite Award and a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress. She has also been nominated for a SAG Award.\nFor six seasons, Grier portrayed Kate \"Kit\" Porter on the Showtime television series The L Word, which ran from 2004 until 2009. She received an Emmy nomination for her work in the animated program Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child.", "Q6016": "Kurikka is a town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Southern Ostrobothnia region. The population of Kurikka is 20,922 (31 January 2019) and the municipality covers an area of 905.66 km2 (349.68 sq mi) of which 7.79 km2 (3.01 sq mi) is inland water (1 January 2018). The population density is 23.1/km2 (60/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish.\nKurikka is recognized not only as a dynamic town of trade and business activities but also as an important hub of agriculture. Tens of small to medium-sized furniture manufacturers create design furniture to the Northern European market. Kurikka is at the same time comfortably small and big enough, with excellent services nearby, and a very nice nature surrounding the whole town.\nResidents of Kurikka can live in a modern fashion in the town centre or in a peaceful countryside setting. The spirit of the town includes a lot of entrepreneurship and activity, features typical of South Ostrobothnia \u2013 and also more and more international elements. Kurikka has a very advanced public school system including elementary, high school and secondary grade education, and high-quality healthcare system provided by the municipality.\nThe town of Kurikka is financially very stable. Kurikka is one of the biggest shareholders in the Finnish energy giant Fortum as well as in Neste Oil, one of Northern Europe's biggest oil companies. The political scene of the town is dominated by the Finnish Centre because of the agricultural roots and past of the town.\nThe municipality of Jurva was consolidated to Kurikka on 1 January 2009 and municipality of Jalasj\u00e4rvi on 1 January 2016.", "Q705841": "David Jack Peverett (16 April 1943 \u2013 7 February 2000), also known as Lonesome Dave, was an English singer and musician, best known as the original lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the rock band Foghat, which he founded following his tenure in Savoy Brown.", "Q214211": "Kaspar F\u00fcrstenau (26 February 1772, M\u00fcnster \u2013 11 May 1819, Oldenburg) was a German flautist and composer. He wrote about sixty compositions for his instrument among rondos, fantasias, suites and concertos. Together with his son Anton Bernhard F\u00fcrstenau he traveled extensively around Europe always with acclaimed success.", "Q457167": "The West Ukrainian People's Republic (Ukrainian: \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430, Zakhidnoukrayins\u2019ka Narodna Respublika, ZUNR) was a short-lived republic that existed from November 1918 to July 1919 in eastern Galicia. It included the cities of Lviv, Przemy\u015bl, Ternopil, Kolomyia, Boryslav and Stanislaviv (now Ivano-Frankivsk), and claimed parts of Bukovina and Carpathian Ruthenia. Politically, the Ukrainian National Democratic Party (the precursor of the interwar Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance) dominated the legislative assembly, guided by varying degrees of Greek Catholic, liberal and socialist ideology. Other parties represented included the Ukrainian Radical Party and the Christian Social Party.\nThe coat of arms of the West Ukrainian People's Republic was azure, a lion rampant or (a golden lion rampant on a field of blue). The colours of the flag were blue and yellow.", "Q28656886": "Derrick Adams (born 1970) is an American visual and performance artist and curator. Much of Adams' work is centered around his Black identity, frequently referencing patterns, images, and themes of Black culture in America. Adams has additionally worked as a fine art professor, serving as a faculty member at Maryland Institute College of Art.\n\n", "Q9325": "Deutsche Lufthansa AG (German pronunciation: [\u02ccd\u0254\u028ft\u0283\u0259 \u02c8l\u028afthanza\u02d0]), commonly known as Lufthansa, is the flag carrier and largest German airline which, when combined with its subsidiaries, is the second largest airline in Europe in terms of passengers carried. The name of the company is derived from the German word Luft meaning \"air\" and Hansa for the Hanseatic League. Lufthansa is one of the five founding members of Star Alliance, the world's largest airline alliance, formed in 1997.Besides its own services, and owning subsidiary passenger airlines Austrian Airlines, Swiss International Air Lines, Brussels Airlines, and Eurowings (referred to in English by Lufthansa as its Passenger Airline Group), Deutsche Lufthansa AG owns several aviation-related companies, such as Lufthansa Technik and LSG Sky Chefs, as part of the Lufthansa Group. In total, the group has over 700 aircraft, making it one of the largest airline fleets in the world.Lufthansa's registered office and corporate headquarters are in Cologne. The main operations base, called Lufthansa Aviation Center, is at Lufthansa's primary hub at Frankfurt Airport, and its secondary hub is at Munich Airport where a secondary Flight Operations Centre is maintained.", "Q110971": "Franz Kurowski (November 17, 1923 \u2212 May 28, 2011) was a German author of fiction and non-fiction who specialised in World War II topics. He is best known for producing apologist, revisionist and semi-fictional works on the history of the war, including the popular English-language series Panzer Aces and Infantry Aces.\nKurowski's first publications appeared during the Nazi era; from 1958 until his death he worked as a freelance writer. He wrote 400 books for children and adults, under his own name and various pseudonyms. Kurowski wrote, among other things, for the weekly pulp war stories series Der Landser.\nKurowski produced numerous accounts featuring the Wehrmacht and the Waffen-SS, providing laudatory and non-peer reviewed wartime chronicles of military units and highly decorated personnel. Historians dismiss his works, pointing out that Kurowski mixes fact and fiction and advances the discredited concept of Nur-Soldat (\"merely soldier\"). Rather than providing an authentic representation of the war experience, his works emphasize heroics and convey a distorted image of the German armed forces in World War II.\nKurowski's books have strong denialist tendencies; he held onto Nazi propaganda's military and civilian statistics and presented history devoid of any crimes by the Wehrmacht or the Waffen-SS. A number of his books have been published by far-right publishing houses such as the T\u00fcrmer Verlag, the Arndt Verlag, and the Pour le M\u00e9rite Verlag, leading to his writings being described as \"journalism of gray and brown zone\".", "Q167521": "Herbert Sydney Wilcox CBE (19 April 1890 \u2013 15 May 1977), was a British film producer and director who was one of the most successful British filmmakers from the 1920s to the 1950s. He is best known for the films he made with his third wife Anna Neagle.", "Q89416": "Felix Braun (4 November 1885, Vienna \u2013 29 November 1973, Klosterneuburg, Lower Austria) was an Austrian writer.", "Q1779": "Louis Daniel Armstrong (August 4, 1901 \u2013 July 6, 1971), nicknamed \"Satchmo\", \"Satch\", and \"Pops\", was an American trumpeter, composer, vocalist, and actor who was among the most influential figures in jazz. His career spanned five decades, from the 1920s to the 1960s, and different eras in the history of jazz. In 2017, he was inducted into the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame.\nArmstrong was born and raised in New Orleans. Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an inventive trumpet and cornet player, Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz, shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance. Around 1922, he followed his mentor, Joe \"King\" Oliver, to Chicago to play in the Creole Jazz Band. In Chicago, he spent time with other popular jazz musicians, reconnecting with his friend Bix Beiderbecke and spending time with Hoagy Carmichael and Lil Hardin. He earned a reputation at \"cutting contests\", and relocated to New York in order to join Fletcher Henderson's band.\nWith his instantly recognizable rich, gravelly voice, Armstrong was also an influential singer and skillful improviser, bending the lyrics and melody of a song. He was also skilled at scat singing. Armstrong is renowned for his charismatic stage presence and voice as well as his trumpet playing. By the end of Armstrong's career in the 1960s, his influence had spread to popular music in general. Armstrong was one of the first popular African-American entertainers to \"cross over\", meaning his music transcended his skin color in a racially divided America. He rarely publicly politicized his race, to the dismay of fellow African Americans, but took a well-publicized stand for desegregation in the Little Rock crisis. He was able to access the upper echelons of American society at a time when this was difficult for black men.", "Q212660": "Dead Bang is a 1989 American action thriller film directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Don Johnson, Penelope Ann Miller, William Forsythe, Bob Balaban, and Tim Reid. Johnson's character, based on real-life LASO Detective Jerry Beck, tracks the killer of a Los Angeles County Sheriff's Deputy and uncovers a plot involving hate literature, white supremacist militias and arms trafficking.", "Q437693": "Titus B. Welliver (born March 12, 1962) is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayals of the Man in Black in Lost, Silas Adams in Deadwood, Jimmy O\u2019Phelan in Sons of Anarchy, and the title role in the television series Bosch.\n\n", "Q44470": "Uwe Seeler (German pronunciation: [\u02c8u\u02d0v\u0259 \u02c8ze\u02d0l\u0250]; born 5 November 1936) is a German former footballer and football official. As a striker, he was a prolific scorer for Hamburger SV and also made 72 appearances for the West German national team. Usually regarded as one of the greatest players in German football history, in 2004 he was named one of FIFA's 125 greatest living players by Pel\u00e9. He was the first football player to be awarded the Great Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. His grandson, Levin \u00d6ztunal\u0131, is also a professional footballer.", "Q441705": "Barbara Rush (born January 4, 1927) is an American actress. In 1954, Rush won the Golden Globe Award as most promising female newcomer for her role in the 1953 American black-and-white science fiction film It Came From Outer Space. Later in her career, Rush became a regular performer in the television series Peyton Place, and appeared in TV movies, miniseries, and a variety of other programs, including the soap opera All My Children and family drama 7th Heaven, as well as starring in films including The Young Philadelphians, The Young Lions, Robin and the 7 Hoods, and Hombre.", "Q1249313": "William Cary Renfrow (March 15, 1845 \u2013 January 31, 1922) was a native of North Carolina who lived there until he enlisted in the Confederate Army at the age of 17. After being mustered out at the end of the American Civil War, he moved to Arkansas. He participated in the Land Run of 1889 in what would become Oklahoma Territory, and settled in Norman where he became a banker and an American businessman. President Grover Cleveland appointed him to serve as the 3rd Governor of Oklahoma Territory from 1893 to 1897. After completing his term of office, he moved to Miami, Oklahoma, where he became active in lead and zinc mining business. He followed this activity by entering the oil and gas business in Texas, which proved quite profitable. He died in Arkansas in 1922 while traveling to see his brother.", "Q233876": "Teresa Berganza Vargas OAXS (born on 16 March 1935) is a Spanish mezzo-soprano. She is most closely associated with the roles of Rossini, Mozart, and Bizet. She is admired for her technical virtuosity, musical intelligence, and beguiling stage presence.\n\n", "Q2853963": "Antoine Fr\u00e9rot (born June 3, 1958 in Fontainebleau) is a former French businessman. He was chief executive officer of Veolia Environnement.", "Q78389": "Louis Kraft Ernest, Prince of Oettingen-Wallerstein, German Ludwig Kraft Ernst (31 January 1791 \u2013 22 June 1870) was a German Prince of the House of Oettingen-Wallerstein. \nBorn at Wallerstein, his mother was Wilhelmine Friederike (1764-1817), a daughter of Louis Eugene, Duke of W\u00fcrttemberg. He succeeded his father as ruling Prince of Wallerstein in 1802 but lost his sovereignty in 1806 due to Mediatisation. \nHe served as minister of the interior in the Kingdom of Bavaria between 1832 and 1837 and as foreign minister in 1848/49. From 1819 until 1849 he was a liberal member of the Bavarian Upper House of Parliament and from 1849 until 1858 of the Lower House.\nIn 1823 he married Maria Crescentia Bourgin (1806\u20131853) in a morganatic marriage, thus being stripped of his headship of the House, and after her death he married Countess Albertine Larisch von Moennich. A passionate art collector, he spent almost all of his money on artworks and in 1862 had to move to Switzerland after being arrested on the request of his creditors. He died at Lucerne in 1870.", "Q612497": "Sammy Masters (July 18, 1930 \u2013 March 8, 2013) was an American rockabilly musician.", "Q952496": "Robert Layne Siebenberg (born October 31, 1949, Glendale, California) also known as Bob C. Benberg, is an American musician, best known as a member of British progressive rock band Supertramp, playing drums and percussion. He was the sole American in Supertramp's lineup. His son, Jesse, joined Supertramp at the time of the release of the live album It Was the Best of Times (live; 1999). Siebenberg is Jewish.In 1985, Siebenberg released a solo album called Giants in Our Own Room (and credited to \"Siebenberg\"), where he sings lead on half of the songs and also plays keyboards and drums. Joining Siebenberg on this record were Scott Gorham of Thin Lizzy fame (Gorham was Siebenberg's brother-in-law from 1969 to 2000), Steve Farris of Mr. Mister, Procol Harum drummer B. J. Wilson (who played on the final track), bassist Kerry Hatch of Oingo Boingo, and Supertramp bandmate John Helliwell. An old friend, Derek Beauchemin, joined in to co-write and play keyboards.\nPrior to joining Supertramp, Siebenberg was a member of pub rock band Bees Make Honey as well as RHS, an American band. He was in a band called \"Heads Up\" which released the 1989 album The Long Shot. Joining Siebenberg were his writing partner Dennis O'Donnell, Mark Hart, Brad Cole, John Helliwell, Marty Walsh and again, Scott Gorham on guitar.In 1989, Siebenberg composed the original music for Sierra On-line's video game Space Quest III. He endorses Drum Workshop drums, pedals and hardware, Paiste cymbals, Remo heads and Regaltip drumsticks. In the 1970s, he used Ludwig drums.", "Q269": "Tashkent (; Russian pronunciation: [t\u0250\u0282\u02c8k\u02b2ent]; Russian: \u0422\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442, tr. Tashkent), or Toshkent (Uzbek pronunciation: [t\u0252\u0283\u02c8kent]; Uzbek: Toshkent, \u0422\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u062a\u0627\u0634\u0643\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u200e), is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan, as well as the most populated city in ex-Soviet Central Asia with a population in 2018 of 2,485,900. It is located in the north-east of the country close to the border with Kazakhstan.\nBefore Islam influence started in the 8th century AD, Tashkent was influenced by the Sogdian and Turkic cultures in its early history. After its destruction by Genghis Khan in 1219, the city was rebuilt and profited from the Silk Road. From 18th to 19th century, the city became an independent city-state, before being re-conquered by the Khanate of Kokand. In 1865, it fell to the Russian Empire, and became the capital of Russian Turkestan. In Soviet times, Tashkent witnessed major growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations from throughout the Soviet Union. Much of the city was destroyed in the 1966 Tashkent earthquake, though it was rebuilt afterwards as a model Soviet city. It was the fourth-largest city of the Soviet Union at the time, after Moscow, Leningrad and Kiev.\nToday, as the capital of an independent Uzbekistan, Tashkent retains a multi-ethnic population, with ethnic Uzbeks as the majority. In 2009, the city celebrated its 2,200 years of written history.", "Q123363": "Corine Mauch (born 28 May 1960 in Iowa City) is a Swiss Social Democrat politician who serves as mayor of Zurich. She is the first female and first openly gay person to be elected mayor of the city.", "Q104904": "Ulrich Gabler (1 October 1913 \u2013 24 February 1994) was a German shipbuilding engineer, who specialized in the design and development of diesel-powered submarines. During World War II he served as chief engineer in the U-boat force on U-121 and U-564, then under the command of Reinhard Suhren. Suhren had recommended Gabler for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, a request that was turned down and Gabler received the German Cross in Gold on 15 October 1942. Following his war patrols on U-564 he worked on the design and development of the U-boat classes XXII, XVII A and XXVI. After the war he founded the Ingenieurkontor L\u00fcbeck (IKL) which among others designed the type 201, 202 and 209 submarines. In 1963 he was appointed honorary professor at the University of Hamburg for shipbuilding.\n\n", "Q836676": "The Kingdom of Majorca (Catalan: Regne de Mallorca, IPA: [\u02c8re\u014bn\u0259 \u00f0\u0259 m\u0259\u02c8\u028e\u0254\u027ek\u0259]; Spanish: Reino de Mallorca; Latin: Regnum Maioricae) was a realm on the east coast of Spain, including Mediterranean islands, and founded by James I of Aragon, also known as James The Conqueror. After the death of his firstborn son Alfonso, a will was written in 1262 and created the kingdom to cede it to his son James. The disposition was maintained during successive versions of his will and so when James I died in 1276, the Crown of Aragon passed to his eldest son Peter, known as Peter III of Aragon or Peter the Great. The Kingdom of Majorca passed to James, who reigned under the name of James II of Majorca. After 1279, Peter III of Aragon established that the king of Majorca was a vassal to the king of Aragon. The title continued to be employed by the Aragonese and Spanish monarchs until its dissolution by the 1715 Nueva Planta decrees.", "Q82543": "Antonio Brufau Niub\u00f3 (born 1948) is the CEO and Chairman of the multinational oil and gas company Repsol, a role he has been in since 2004.", "Q56074": "Mar\u00eda de los \u00c1ngeles de las Heras Ortiz (4 October 1944 \u2013 25 March 2006), better known professionally as Roc\u00edo D\u00farcal (Spanish pronunciation: [ro\u02c8\u03b8i.o \u02c8\u00f0u\u027ekal]), was a Spanish singer and actress.\nIn 2005 D\u00farcal received a Latin Grammy Award for musical excellence, a prize that is awarded by the Governing Board of the Recording Latin Academy to artists who have made creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance during their careers.", "Q4893177": "Bernard \"Bernie\" Goldstein (February 5, 1929 \u2013 July 5, 2009) was an American attorney and entrepreneur. He was the founder and chairman of Isle of Capri Casinos and is sometimes called the \"father of modern riverboat gambling\" because he was the first person to run riverboat casinos in the Midwest and South after they became legal in the 1990s.", "Q480159": "Ars\u00e8ne Lupin contra Sherlock Holmes is a 1910 German drama film serial directed by Viggo Larsen. The survival status of any of the episodes is unknown.", "Q922171": "Ole Edvard Antonsen (born 25 April 1962) is a Norwegian trumpeter, musician and conductor.\nAntonsen was born in Vang, Hedmark, now part of Hamar. He is best known as a solo trumpeter, active in different genres of music; classical music, chamber music, baroque, jazz and pop. Since the mid-2000s, he has also been active as a conductor, foremost with Norwegian Air Force Band.\n\n", "Q163747": "Felix Salten (German: [\u02c8zaltn\u0329]; 6 September 1869 \u2013 8 October 1945) was an Austrian author and literary critic in Vienna. His most famous work is Bambi, a Life in the Woods (1923).", "Q1545000": "Sir Gregory Paul Winter (born 14 April 1951) is a Nobel Prize-winning British biochemist best known for his work on the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies. His research career has been based almost entirely at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology and the MRC Centre for Protein Engineering, in Cambridge, England. \nHe is credited with invented techniques to both humanise (1986) and, later, to fully humanise using phage display, antibodies for therapeutic uses. Previously, antibodies had been derived from mice, which made them difficult to use in human therapeutics because the human immune system had anti-mouse reactions to them. For these developments Winter was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with George Smith and Frances Arnold.He is a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge and was appointed Master of Trinity College, Cambridge on 2 October 2012. From 2006 to 2011, he was Deputy Director of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, acting Director from 2007 to 2008 and Head of the Division of Protein and Nucleic Acids Chemistry from 1994 to 2006. He was also Deputy Director of the MRC Centre for Protein Engineering from 1990 to its closure in 2010.", "Q68824": "Julius Langbehn (26 March 1851 \u2013 30 April 1907) was a German national Romantic art historian and philosopher. He was born in Hadersleben, Schleswig (now Haderslev in Denmark), and died in Rosenheim.", "Q95759": "Bad Ragaz is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.\nIt is the home of a famous natural spring and is a popular spa and health resort destination.", "Q342043": "Hampton is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 137,438.As one of the seven major cities that compose the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, it is on the southeastern side of the Virginia Peninsula.\nHampton traces its history to the city's Old Point Comfort, the home of Fort Monroe for almost 400 years, which was named by the 1607 voyagers, led by Captain Christopher Newport, who first established Jamestown as an English colonial settlement. Since consolidation in 1952, Hampton has included the former Elizabeth City County and the incorporated town of Phoebus, consolidated by a mutual agreement.\nAfter the end of the American Civil War, historic Hampton University was established opposite from the town on the Hampton River, providing an education for many newly-freed former slaves and for area Native Americans. In the 20th century, the area became the location of Langley Air Force Base, NASA Langley Research Center, and the Virginia Air and Space Center. Hampton features many miles of waterfront and beaches.\nThe city features a wide array of business and industrial enterprises, retail and residential areas, and historical sites. The new Peninsula Town Center development opened in May 2010 on the site of the former Coliseum Mall. Located in the area adjacent to the Hampton Coliseum and the Convention Center, the new urbanism-type project features a wide mix of retail stores, housing and other attractions. New residential development and additional public facilities (such as the new fishing pier recently opened) are underway at Buckroe Beach, long a noted resort area.Located on the Hampton Roads Beltway, it hosts the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (HRBT) on Interstate 64. First opened in 1957, it was the world's first bridge-tunnel, crossing the mouth of the Hampton Roads harbor, which serves as the gateway to the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean from the eastern United States' largest ice-free harbor and its tributary rivers. Expanded in the 1970s, the HRBT remains Virginia's busiest and deepest such facility.", "Q2516": "Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt (German pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u025blmu\u02d0t \u02c8ha\u0361\u026an\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8vald\u0259ma\u02d0\u0250 \u02c8\u0283m\u026at]; 23 December 1918 \u2013 10 November 2015) was a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), who served as Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1974 to 1982.\nBefore becoming Chancellor, he had served as Minister of Defence (1969\u20131972) and as Minister of Finance (1972\u20131974). In the latter role he gained credit for his financial policies. He had also served briefly as Minister of Economics and as acting Foreign Minister. As Chancellor, he focused on international affairs, seeking \"political unification of Europe in partnership with the United States\" and issuing proposals that led to the NATO Double-Track Decision in 1979 to deploy US Pershing II missiles to Europe. He was an energetic diplomat who sought European co-operation and international economic co-ordination and was the leading force in creating the European Monetary System in 1978. He was re-elected chancellor in 1976 and 1980, but his coalition fell apart in 1982 with the switch by his coalition allies, the Free Democratic Party.\nHe retired from Parliament in 1986, after clashing with the SPD's left wing, who opposed him on defence and economic issues. In 1986 he was a leading proponent of European monetary union and a European Central Bank.", "Q462862": "Cyril Parlichev (Bulgarian: \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b \u041f\u044a\u0440\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0432, Macedonian: \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b \u041f\u0440\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0432) was a Bulgarian revolutionary and public figure. He was a member of Internal Macedono-Adrianopolean Revolutionary Organization (IMARO) and a popular teacher, journalist, translator and writer.", "Q2835358": "Julio Aguilar Aza\u00f1\u00f3n (17 September 1934 \u2013 29 December 2000) was a Spanish politician from the UCD. He served as member of the Congress of Deputies in its first legislature.", "Q173232": "Jock Clear (born 12 September 1963) is an English senior performance engineer working for Scuderia Ferrari, where he is currently the Driver Coach for Charles Leclerc. Before moving to Ferrari, he worked at Mercedes, where he was the race engineer for Lewis Hamilton (2013\u201314) and Michael Schumacher (2011\u201312). He was race engineer for Nico Rosberg (2010\u20132012), Rubens Barrichello (2006\u20132009), Takuma Sato (2003\u20132005), Jacques Villeneuve (1996\u20132003), David Coulthard (1995) and Johnny Herbert (1994).", "Q206173": "Karel van Mander (I) or Carel van Mander I (May 1548 \u2013 2 September 1606) was a Flemish painter, poet, art historian and art theoretician, who established himself in the Dutch Republic in the latter part of his life. He is mainly remembered as a biographer of Early Netherlandish painters and Northern Renaissance artists in his Schilder-boeck. As an artist and art theoretician he played a significant role in the spread and development of Northern Mannerism in the Dutch Republic.", "Q229190": "Catherine of Siena (25 March 1347 \u2013 29 April 1380), a laywoman associated with the Dominican Order, was a mystic, activist, and author who had a great influence on Italian literature and the Catholic Church. Canonized in 1461, she is also a Doctor of the Church.\nShe was born and raised in Siena, and at an early age wanted to devote herself to God, against the will of her parents. She joined the Dominican tertiaries. She made herself known very quickly by being marked by mystical phenomena such as invisible stigmata and a mystical marriage. Her influence with Pope Gregory XI played a role in his decision to leave Avignon for Rome. She was then sent by him to negotiate peace with Florence. After Gregory XI's death and peace concluded, she returned to Siena. She dictated to secretaries her set of spiritual treatises The Dialogue of Divine Providence. The Great Schism of the West led Catherine of Siena to go to Rome with the pope. She sent numerous letters to princes and cardinals to promote obedience to Pope Urban VI and defend what she calls the \"vessel of the Church.\" She died on 29 April 1380, exhausted by her penances. Urban VI celebrated her funeral and burial in the Basilica of Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome.\nThe devotion around Catherine of Siena developed rapidly after her death. She was canonized in 1461, declared patron saint of Rome in 1866, and of Italy (together with Francis of Assisi) in 1939. She was the first woman (along with Teresa of \u00c1vila) to be declared a \"doctor of the Church,\" on 4 October 1970 by Pope Paul VI. She was also proclaimed patron saint of Europe in 1999 by Pope John Paul II. Catherine of Siena is one of the outstanding figures of medieval Catholicism, by the strong influence she has had in the history of the papacy and her extensive authorship. She was behind the return of the Pope from Avignon to Rome, and then carried out many missions entrusted by the pope, something quite rare for a woman in the Middle Ages. Her Dialogue, hundreds of letters, and dozens of prayers, also give her a prominent place in the history of Italian literature.", "Q1918956": "Melanie Diener (born in 1967) is a German operatic and concert soprano who appeared at major European opera houses and festivals. She appeared as Elsa in Wagner's Lohengrin at the Bayreuth Festival, among others", "Q622232": "Lionel Shriver (born Margaret Ann Shriver; May 18, 1957) is an American author and journalist who lives in the United Kingdom. She is best known for her novel We Need to Talk About Kevin, which won the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2005.", "Q539872": "Mar\u00eda Dolores Gonz\u00e1lez Flores (Madrid, 6 May 1958) better known as Lolita, is a Spanish actress and singer. She is the daughter of Lola Flores and Antonio Gonz\u00e1lez, sister of Antonio Flores and Rosario Flores. She was married to Guillermo Furiase and they had two children Elena and Guillermo.\nFlores started her career in the early 1970s and with the release of the album Amor, amor (and a single of the same name) in 1975 she achieved success in her native Spain as well as in countries in Latin-America. Her songs \"Sarandonga\", \"Lo voy a dividir\", and \"Si la vida son dos d\u00edas\" among others, have become staples in Spanish radio.\nIn 2002, she won a Goya Award for Best New Actress for her performance in the movie Rencor. Flores has also appeared in several television programs such as Direct\u00edsimo and Hostal Royal Manzanares. On 18 February 2019 she received the Medalla de Oro al M\u00e9rito en las Bellas Artes.She is of Gypsy descent on her father's side and identifies as Gypsy.", "Q154855": "Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga (Spanish: [f\u027ean\u02c8\u03b8isko xa\u02c8\u03b2je\u027e so\u02c8lana \u00f0e ma\u00f0a\u02c8\u027eja\u0263a]; born 14 July 1942) is a Spanish physicist and Socialist politician. After serving in the Spanish government as Foreign Affairs Minister under Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez (1992\u20131995) and as the Secretary General of NATO (1995\u20131999), he was appointed the European Union's High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy, Secretary General of the Council of the European Union and Secretary-General of the Western European Union and held these posts from October 1999 until December 2009.", "Q11459": "Serena Jameka Williams (born September 26, 1981) is an American professional tennis player and former world No. 1 in women's single tennis. She has won 23 Grand Slam singles titles, the most by any man or woman in the Open Era. The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) ranked her world No. 1 in singles on eight separate occasions between 2002 and 2017. She reached the No. 1 ranking for the first time on July 8, 2002. On her sixth occasion, she held the ranking for 186 consecutive weeks, tying the record set by Steffi Graf. In total, she has been No. 1 for 319 weeks, which ranks third in the Open Era among female players behind Graf and Martina Navratilova.\nWilliams holds the most Grand Slam titles in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles combined among active players. Her 39 Grand Slam titles put her joint-third on the all-time list and second in the Open Era: 23 in singles, 14 in women's doubles, and two in mixed doubles. She is the most recent female player to have held all four Grand Slam singles titles simultaneously (2002\u201303 and 2014\u201315) and the third player to achieve this twice, after Rod Laver and Graf. She is also the most recent player to have won a Grand Slam title on each surface (hard, clay and grass) in one calendar year (2015). She is also, together with her older sister Venus, the most recent player to have held all four Grand Slam women's doubles titles simultaneously (2009\u201310).\nWilliams has won a record of 13 Grand Slam singles titles on hard court. Williams holds the Open Era record for most titles won at the Australian Open (7) and shares the Open Era record for most titles won at the US Open with Chris Evert (6). She also holds the record for the most women's singles matches won at majors with 351 matches.\nWilliams has won 14 Grand Slam doubles titles, all with her sister Venus, and the pair are unbeaten in Grand Slam doubles finals. As a team, she and Venus have the third most women's doubles Grand Slam titles, behind the 18 titles of Natasha Zvereva (14 with Gigi Fern\u00e1ndez) and the record 20 titles won by Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver. Williams is also a five-time winner of the WTA Tour Championships in the singles division. She has also won four Olympic gold medals, one in women's singles and three in women's doubles\u2014an all-time record shared with her sister, Venus. The arrival of the Williams sisters has been credited with ushering in a new era of power and athleticism on the women's professional tennis tour. She is ranked at No. 9 in the world by the WTA as of March 2, 2020.Earning almost $29 million in prize money and endorsements, Williams was the highest paid female athlete in 2016. She repeated this feat in 2017 when she was the only woman on Forbes' list of the 100 highest paid athletes with $27 million in prize money and endorsements. She has won the 'Laureus Sportswoman of the Year' award four times (2003, 2010, 2016, 2018), and in December 2015, she was named Sportsperson of the Year by Sports Illustrated magazine. In 2019, she was ranked 63rd in Forbes' World's Highest-Paid Athletes list.", "Q1022278": "Dehui (Chinese: \u5fb7\u60e0; pinyin: D\u00e9hu\u00ec) is a county-level city of Jilin Province, Northeast China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Changchun, located in the middle of the Songliao Plain. It has a total population of 906,000 and a rural population of 753,000. Composed of 10 towns, four townships and four subdistricts, under which there are 308 villages, it is around 80 kilometres (50 mi) north-northeast of central Changchun. It borders Yushu to the northeast, Jiutai to the south, Kuancheng District to the southwest, Nong'an County to the west, as well as the prefecture-level cities of Jilin to the southeast and Songyuan to the northwest.", "Q66809": "Rossa is a municipality in the Moesa Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. Its official language is Italian.", "Q119955": "Jacques Neirynck (born 17 August 1931), Belgian-born and naturalized Swiss, is an emeritus professor at the \u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), writer and politician.He is a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. He was a member of the National Council between 1999 and 2003 as well as between 2007 and 2015.\n\n", "Q2312135": "Piero Gnudi (born 17 May 1938) is an Italian politician. He served as Italy's minister of tourism and sport in the Monti cabinet from 16 November 2011 to April 2013.", "Q3124702": "Hans Peter Anvin (born 12 January 1972), also known as H. Peter Anvin, Peter Anvin, or even hpa, is a Swedish-American computer programmer who has distinguished himself by his contributions to free and open-source software projects.\nAnvin is the originator of SYSLINUX, Linux Assigned Names and Numbers Authority (LANANA), and various Linux kernel features.", "Q215669": "The Allies of World War I or Entente Powers were the coalition that opposed the Central Powers of Germany, Austria\u2013Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria during the First World War (1914\u20131918).\nBy the end of the first decade of the 20th century, the major European powers were divided between the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance. The Entente was made up of France, the United Kingdom and Russia. The Triple Alliance was originally composed of Germany, Austria\u2013Hungary and Italy, which remained neutral in 1914.\nAs the war progressed, each coalition added new members. Japan joined the Entente in 1914. After proclaiming its neutrality at the beginning of the war, Italy also joined the Entente in 1915. The United States joined as an \"associated power\" rather than an official ally. \"Associated members\" included Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Montenegro, and Romania. The Allies sponsored several revolts in the Ottoman Empire, including the Nejd and Hasa 1915, the Arab Revolt in June 1916, and several Kurdish uprisings in August 1917.\n\n", "Q1077537": "Chris Merritt (born September 27, 1952 in Oklahoma City) is an American tenor.", "Q166159": "Terence Graham Parry Jones (1 February 1942 \u2013 21 January 2020) was a Welsh actor, writer, comedian, screenwriter, film director and historian. He was a member of the Monty Python comedy team.\nAfter graduating from Oxford University with a degree in English, Jones and writing partner Michael Palin (whom he met at Oxford) wrote and performed for several high-profile British comedy programmes, including Do Not Adjust Your Set and The Frost Report, before creating Monty Python's Flying Circus with Cambridge graduates Eric Idle, John Cleese, Graham Chapman and the American animator/filmmaker Terry Gilliam. Jones was largely responsible for the programme's innovative, surreal structure, in which sketches flowed from one to the next without the use of punchlines. He made his directorial debut with the team's film, Monty Python and the Holy Grail, which he co-directed with Gilliam, and also directed the subsequent Python films Life of Brian and The Meaning of Life.\nJones co-created and co-wrote with Palin the anthology series Ripping Yarns. He also wrote an early draft of Jim Henson's 1986 film Labyrinth, though little of his work remained in the final cut. Jones was a well-respected medieval historian, having written several books and presented television documentaries about the period, as well as a prolific children's book author.\nIn 2016, Jones received a Lifetime Achievement award at the BAFTA Cymru Awards for his outstanding contribution to television and film. After living for several years with a degenerative aphasia, he gradually lost the ability to speak and died on 21 January 2020 from frontotemporal dementia.", "Q3076050": "Keenon Daequan Ray Jackson (born March 9, 1990), better known by his stage name YG, is an American rapper and actor from Compton, California. In 2009, he released his debut single, \"Toot It and Boot It\" featuring Ty Dolla Sign, which peaked at number 67 on the Billboard Hot 100. The single's success resulted in him signing to Def Jam Recordings. In the following years, YG released mixtapes such as The Real 4Fingaz, Just Re'd Up, Just Re'd Up 2, 4 Hunnid Degreez, and many others.\nIn June 2013, YG signed a deal to Young Jeezy's imprint CTE World. His 2013 single, \"My Nigga\" featuring Jeezy and Rich Homie Quan, peaked at number 19 on the US Billboard Hot 100. He then released the singles \"Left, Right\" and \"Who Do You Love?\" featuring Drake, leading up to the release of his debut studio album. His debut album, My Krazy Life, was released on March 18, 2014 by Pu$haz Ink, CTE World and Def Jam, and received critical acclaim. Later in 2014, he was featured on his highest charting single to date, \"Don't Tell 'Em\", with American singer Jeremih, peaking at number 6 on the Hot 100. On June 17, 2016, he released his second studio album, Still Brazy, to further acclaim. On August 3, 2018, he released his third studio album, Stay Dangerous, to generally positive reviews. It included the single, \"Big Bank\", his highest charting solo single, peaking at number 16 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. His fourth studio album, 4Real 4Real, was released on May 24, 2019.", "Q349116": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Korn (born May 17, 1949 in Prague, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech recording artist and actor. Korn is a highly acclaimed musician in his native Czechoslovakia, and remains after his five decade long career one of the most prominent Czech singer-songwriters, but is internationally perhaps best known for his single Miss Moskva, which received radio play in most European countries, including France, Germany, Croatia, Hungary and Norway.", "Q86043": "Hugo Sinzheimer (12 April 1875 \u2013 16 September 1945) was a German legal scholar, and author of the Weimar Constitution. He was a leading proponent of the concept of social law.", "Q168174": "Zbigniew Siemi\u0105tkowski (born 8 October 1957 in Ciechan\u00f3w, Poland) is a Polish politician and political scientist. He was Minister of Internal Affairs, 1996\u201397, and head of the Intelligence Agency (Agencja Wywiadu, or AW), 2002 \u2013 April 2004.", "Q3433923": "Lars Roverud (19 December 1776 \u2013 26 February 1850) was a Norwegian musician and music teacher, among others at Asker Seminary and the Practical-Theological Seminary. He played a prominent role in popularising the psalmodikon, a one-string bowed instrument, for musical education and church music in Norway.", "Q291569": "Giovanna Antonelli Prado (born March 18, 1976) is a Brazilian actress, television host and producer.\n\n", "Q160528": "Burton Stephen Lancaster (November 2, 1913 \u2013 October 20, 1994) was an American actor and producer. Initially known for playing \"tough guys\" with a tender streak, he went on to achieve success with more complex and challenging roles over a 45-year career in film and, later, television. He was a four-time nominee for the Academy Award for Best Actor (winning once), and also winning two BAFTA Awards and one Golden Globe Award for Best Lead Actor.\nLancaster performed as a circus acrobat in the 1930s. After serving in World War II, the 32-year-old Lancaster landed a role in a Broadway play and drew the attention of a Hollywood agent. \nHis breakthrough role was the film noir The Killers in 1946 alongside Ava Gardner. A critical success, it launched both of their careers.\nIn 1953, Lancaster played the illicit lover of Deborah Kerr in the military drama From Here to Eternity. A box office smash, it won eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, and landed a Best Actor nomination for Lancaster. In 1956, he starred in The Rainmaker, with Katharine Hepburn, earning a Best Actor Golden Globe nomination, and in Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in 1957, with frequent co-star Kirk Douglas. \nDuring the 1950s, his production company, Hecht-Hill-Lancaster, was highly successful, with Lancaster acting in films such as: Trapeze in 1956, a box office smash in which he used his acrobatic skills; Sweet Smell of Success (1957), a dark drama today considered a classic; Run Silent, Run Deep (1958), a WWII submarine drama with Clark Gable; and Separate Tables (1958), a hotel-set drama which received seven Oscar nominations.\nIn the early 1960s, Lancaster starred in a string of critically successful films, each in very disparate roles. Playing a charismatic biblical con-man in Elmer Gantry in 1960 won him the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for Best Actor. He played a Nazi war criminal in 1961 in the all-star, war-crime-trial film, Judgment at Nuremberg. \nPlaying a bird expert prisoner in Birdman of Alcatraz in 1962, he earned the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actor and his third Oscar nomination. In 1963, Lancaster traveled to Italy to star as an Italian prince in the epic period drama The Leopard. In 1964, he played a US Air Force General who, opposed by a Colonel played by Kirk Douglas, tries to overthrow the President in Seven Days in May. Then, in 1966, he played an explosives expert in the western The Professionals.\nIn 1970, Lancaster starred in the box-office hit, air-disaster drama Airport. He experienced a career resurgence in 1980 with the crime-romance Atlantic City, winning the BAFTA for Best Actor and landing his fourth Oscar nomination. Starting in the late 1970s, he also appeared in television mini-series, including the award-winning Separate but Equal with Sidney Poitier. \nHe continued acting into his late 70s, until a stroke in 1990 forced him to retire; four years later he died from a heart attack. His final film role was in the Oscar-nominated Field of Dreams.\nThe American Film Institute ranks Lancaster as #19 of the greatest male stars of classic Hollywood cinema.\n\n", "Q96250": "Gustav Pfizer (1807-1890) was a German poet and critic of the Swabian school.", "Q544669": "Christian Ritter (probably 1645 to 1650 \u2013 probably after 1725) was a composer and organist of the North German organ school.", "Q275176": "Shareeka Epps (born July 11, 1989) is an American actress. She starred in the 2006 film Half Nelson, alongside Ryan Gosling and Anthony Mackie.", "Q338704": "Monia Chokri (born 27 June 1982) is a Canadian actress and film director.\n\n", "Q119766": "Rotraut Richter (15 May 1915 \u2013 1 October 1947) was a German stage and film actress. She appeared in the role of Gerda in the 1933 Nazi propaganda film Hitlerjunge Quex, receiving a letter of thanks from Joseph Goebbels along with the rest of the cast.", "Q65333": "Gontenschwil is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q947070": "Antonio Cant\u00f3 Garc\u00eda del Moral, known as Toni Cant\u00f3 (born Valencia, 14 January 1965) is a Spanish actor, Citizens party politician and former UPyD politician, who represented Valencia Province in the Congress of Deputies from 2011 to April 2015 and again from December 2015 until 2019.", "Q714019": "Ewoks (also known as Star Wars: Ewoks) is an American/Canadian animated television series featuring the Ewok characters introduced in Star Wars: Episode VI \u2013 Return of the Jedi and further explored in The Ewok Adventure and its sequel Ewoks: The Battle for Endor. The series was produced by Nelvana on behalf of Lucasfilm and broadcast on ABC, originally with its sister series Droids (as part of The Ewoks and Droids Adventure Hour), and then by itself, as The All-New Ewoks.", "Q109575": "Baron Hans Paul von Wolzogen (13 November 1848 in Potsdam \u2013 2 June 1938 in Bayreuth), was a German man of letters, editor and publisher. He is best known for his connection with Richard Wagner.", "Q126596": "William Hazlitt (10 April 1778 \u2013 18 September 1830) was an English essayist, drama and literary critic, painter, social commentator, and philosopher. He is now considered one of the greatest critics and essayists in the history of the English language, placed in the company of Samuel Johnson and George Orwell. He is also acknowledged as the finest art critic of his age. Despite his high standing among historians of literature and art, his work is currently little read and mostly out of print.During his lifetime he befriended many people who are now part of the 19th-century literary canon, including Charles and Mary Lamb, Stendhal, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, and John Keats.", "Q110024": "Wilhelmine K\u00e4hler (n\u00e9e Mohs or Moss, 3 April 1864 \u2013 22 February 1941) was a German labour and women's rights activist, and politician.", "Q127688": "Johan Vilhelm Snellman (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u01d4\u02d0h\u0251n \u02c8v\u01d0l\u02d0helm \u02c8sn\u011bl\u02d0m\u0251n] (listen); 12 May 1806, Stockholm \u2013 4 July 1881, Kirkkonummi) was an influential Fennoman philosopher and Finnish statesman, ennobled in 1866. He was one of the most important national awakeners alongside Elias L\u00f6nnrot and J. L. Runeberg.", "Q182546": "Robert Hutchings Goddard (October 5, 1882 \u2013 August 10, 1945) was an American engineer, professor, physicist, and inventor who is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket. Goddard successfully launched his rocket on March 16, 1926, ushering in an era of space flight and innovation. He and his team launched 34 rockets between 1926 and 1941, achieving altitudes as high as 2.6 km (1.6 mi) and speeds as fast as 885 km/h (550 mph).Goddard's work as both theorist and engineer anticipated many of the developments that were to make spaceflight possible. He has been called the man who ushered in the Space Age. Two of Goddard's 214 patented inventions\u2014a multi-stage rocket (1914), and a liquid-fuel rocket (1914)\u2014were important milestones toward spaceflight. His 1919 monograph A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes is considered one of the classic texts of 20th-century rocket science. Goddard successfully applied two-axis control (gyroscopes and steerable thrust) to rockets to effectively control their flight.\nAlthough his work in the field was revolutionary, Goddard received little public support, moral or monetary, for his research and development work. He was a shy person and rocket research was not considered a suitable pursuit for a physics professor. The press and other scientists ridiculed his theories of spaceflight. As a result, he became protective of his privacy and his work. He also preferred working alone because of the aftereffects of a bout with tuberculosis.Years after his death, at the dawn of the Space Age, Goddard came to be recognized as one of the founding fathers of modern rocketry, along with Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, and Hermann Oberth. He not only recognized the potential of rockets for atmospheric research, ballistic missiles and space travel but was the first to scientifically study, design and construct the rockets needed to implement those ideas. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center was named in Goddard's honor in 1959. He was also inducted into the International Aerospace Hall of Fame in 1966, and the International Space Hall of Fame in 1976.", "Q3041617": "Leonard Edward Read (September 26, 1898 \u2013 May 14, 1983) was the founder of the Foundation for Economic Education (FEE), which was one of the first modern libertarian institutions of its kind in the United States. He wrote 29 books and numerous essays, including the well-known \"I, Pencil\" (1958).", "Q185229": "Black Lightning (Russian: \u0427\u0451\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u041c\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f; translit. Chernaya Molniya) is a 2009 Russian action superhero film directed by Alexandr Voitinsky and Dmitriy Kiselev, and produced by Timur Bekmambetov.", "Q88085": "Gerhard Neumann (October 8, 1917 \u2013 November 2, 1997) was a German-American aviation engineer and executive for General Electric's aircraft engine division (which today is called GE Aviation). Born and raised in Germany, he went to China shortly before World War II and ended up being an aircraft mechanic for the United States Army Air Forces there. He became an American citizen by an Act of Congress and went on to a career in the aerospace manufacturing industry.", "Q667785": "The Liberal Party of Switzerland (German: Liberale Partei der Schweiz, French: Parti liberal suisse, Italian: Partito Liberale Svizzero, Romansh: Partida liberala svizra) was a party with economically liberal policies. It was known as a party of the upper class. On 1 January 2009 it merged with the larger Free Democratic Party (FDP) to establish FDP.The Liberals.\nIt was strongest in the Protestant cantons in Romandy, particularly in the cantons of Geneva, Vaud, and Neuch\u00e2tel. In contrast, the ideologically similar FDP was successful nationwide. The Liberal Party was a member of Liberal International.", "Q263714": "Caboblanco (1980) is an American drama film directed by J. Lee Thompson, starring Charles Bronson, Dominique Sanda and Jason Robards. The film has often been described as a remake of Casablanca.\nThe movie marks the third collaboration between Bronson and director J. Lee Thompson (following 1976's St. Ives and 1977's The White Buffalo).", "Q1282089": "The Econometric Society is an international society of academic economists interested in applying statistical tools to their field. It is an independent organization with no connections to societies of professional mathematicians or statisticians. It was founded on December 29, 1930, at the Stalton Hotel in Cleveland, Ohio. As of 2014, there are about 700 Elected Fellows of the Econometric Society, making it one of the most prevalent research affiliations. New fellows are elected each year by the current fellows.The sixteen founding members were Ragnar Frisch, Charles F. Roos, Joseph A. Schumpeter, Harold Hotelling, Henry Schultz, Karl Menger, Edwin B. Wilson, Frederick C. Mills, William F. Ogburn, J. Harvey Rogers, Malcolm C. Rorty, Carl Snyder, Walter A. Shewhart, \u00d8ystein Ore, Ingvar Wedervang and Norbert Wiener. The first president was Irving Fisher.The Econometric Society sponsors the Economics academic journal Econometrica and publishes the journals Theoretical Economics and Quantitative Economics.", "Q100237": "Susanne Stichler (born 17 August 1969 in Karlsruhe, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) is a German journalist and newscaster.", "Q68617": "Les Ponts-de-Martel is a municipality in the district of Le Locle in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland.", "Q70058": "Erich K\u00f6hler (June 27, 1892 \u2013 October 23, 1958) was a German politician. He was the 1st President of the Bundestag from 7 September 1949 to 18 October 1950.\nK\u00f6hler co-founded the Christian Democratic Union (Germany) in 1945. He was elected as a member of the first German Bundestag for Wiesbaden's constituency in 1949.\n\n", "Q433378": "Samuel Zemurray (nicknamed \"Sam the Banana Man\"; born Schmuel Zmurri; January 18, 1877 \u2013 November 30, 1961) was a businessman who made his fortune in the banana trade. He founded the Cuyamel Fruit Company, and later became head of the United Fruit Company, the world's most influential fruit company at the time. Both companies played highly controversial roles in the history of several Latin American countries and had a significant influence on their economic and political development.", "Q18888045": "NGT48 (read \"N.G.T. Forty-eight\") is a Japanese idol girl group produced by Yasushi Akimoto. NGT48 is named after Niigata City of Niigata Prefecture, where the group is based. The group performs at the NGT48 Theater which is located in the fourth floor of the LoveLa2 shopping mall in Niigata City.Since 2019, NGT48 has been under scrutiny and criticism surrounding then-member Maho Yamaguchi's assault in December 2018, after which she had claimed that the management had done nothing to address other NGT48 members allegedly involved in assisting her attackers. In April 2019, the NGT48 management dissolved the team system, with all current members unified according to generations.", "Q112633": "Replay (French: La r\u00e9p\u00e9tition) is a 2001 French-Canadian drama film directed by Catherine Corsini. It was entered into the 2001 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q84867": "Ludo (Ludwig) Moritz Hartmann (1865\u20131924) was an Austrian historian, diplomat and Social Democrat politician.\nHe advocated an anti-metaphysical and materialist approach to history.", "Q5029631": "Canadian-American Records was a record label founded by Leonard Zimmer and based in New York City and Winnipeg, Manitoba. It was started in February, 1959 by Gene Orndorf of Deering, North Dakota. The most popular artists for the label were the duo of Santo & Johnny and the singer Linda Scott. The label is based in Lititz, Pennsylvania.", "Q237345": "Crystal Kay Williams (\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30bf\u30eb\u30fb\u30b1\u30a4\u30fb\u30a6\u30a3\u30ea\u30a2\u30e0\u30ba, Kurisutaru Kei Wiriamuzu, born February 26, 1986) is a Japanese singer, songwriter, actress and radio host.\nAfter releasing her debut single \"Eternal Memories\" (1999) Crystal Kay gained fame for her third studio album, Almost Seventeen (2002), which debuted at number 2 on the Japanese Oricon charts. Almost Seventeen eventually sold over 400,000 copies and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan. Crystal Kay, formerly signed to Epic Records, a sub-label of Sony Music Japan for 12 years, suddenly transferred to Delicious Deli Records, a sub-label of Universal Music Japan in 2011.\nAs of July 2009, Crystal Kay has released ten albums. Her seventh studio album, All Yours (2007) became Crystal Kay's first number-one release in her career when it debuted on top of the Oricon chart in June 2007. Crystal Kay has sold over two million records in Japan as of 2009. Throughout her career, Crystal Kay has collaborated with M-Flo and BoA, Chemistry as well as other well-known recording artists.", "Q28233": "The Korean Empire (transcripted as Daehan Jeguk, Korean: \ub300\ud55c\uc81c\uad6d; Hanja: \u5927\u97d3\u5e1d\u570b, lit.\u2009'Great Korean Empire') was the last independent unified Korean state. Proclaimed in October 1897 by Emperor Gojong of the Joseon dynasty, the empire stood until Japan's annexation of Korea in August 1910. During the Korean Empire, Emperor Gojong oversaw the Gwangmu Reform, a partial modernization and Westernization of the military, economy, land system, and education system, and of various industries. In 1905, Korea was made a colonial protectorate of Japan and in 1910 it was annexed by the country outright.", "Q76429": "Kathrin Schmidt (born 12 March 1958 in Gotha, Bezirk Erfurt), is a German writer. She is known both for her poetry and prose.", "Q541922": "William Primrose CBE (23 August 1904 \u2013 1 May 1982) was a Scottish violist and teacher. He performed with the London String Quartet from 1930 to 1935. He then joined the NBC symphony orchestra where he formed the Primrose Quartet. He performed in various countries around the world as a soloist throughout his career. Primrose also taught at several universities and institutions. He is the author of several books on viola technique.", "Q313581": "Nicolae Iorga (Romanian pronunciation: [niko\u02c8la.e \u02c8jor\u0261a]; sometimes Neculai Iorga, Nicolas Jorga, Nicolai Jorga or Nicola Jorga, born Nicu N. Iorga; 17 January 1871 \u2013 27 November 1940) was a Romanian historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, poet and playwright. Co-founder (in 1910) of the Democratic Nationalist Party (PND), he served as a member of Parliament, President of the Deputies' Assembly and Senate, cabinet minister and briefly (1931\u201332) as Prime Minister. A child prodigy, polymath and polyglot, Iorga produced an unusually large body of scholarly works, consecrating his international reputation as a medievalist, Byzantinist, Latinist, Slavist, art historian and philosopher of history. Holding teaching positions at the University of Bucharest, the University of Paris and several other academic institutions, Iorga was founder of the International Congress of Byzantine Studies and the Institute of South-East European Studies (ISSEE). His activity also included the transformation of V\u0103lenii de Munte town into a cultural and academic center.\nIn parallel with his scientific contributions, Nicolae Iorga was a prominent right-of-centre activist, whose political theory bridged conservatism, Romanian nationalism, and agrarianism. From Marxist beginnings, he switched sides and became a maverick disciple of the Junimea movement. Iorga later became a leadership figure at S\u0103m\u0103n\u0103torul, the influential literary magazine with populist leanings, and militated within the Cultural League for the Unity of All Romanians, founding vocally conservative publications such as Neamul Rom\u00e2nesc, Drum Drept, Cuget Clar and Floarea Darurilor. His support for the cause of ethnic Romanians in Austria-Hungary made him a prominent figure in the pro-Entente camp by the time of World War I, and ensured him a special political role during the interwar existence of Greater Romania. Initiator of large-scale campaigns to defend Romanian culture in front of perceived threats, Iorga sparked most controversy with his antisemitic rhetoric, and was for long an associate of the far right ideologue A. C. Cuza. He was an adversary of the dominant National Liberals, later involved with the opposition Romanian National Party.\nLate in his life, Iorga opposed the radically fascist Iron Guard, and, after much oscillation, came to endorse its rival King Carol II. Involved in a personal dispute with the Guard's leader Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, and indirectly contributing to his killing, Iorga was also a prominent figure in Carol's corporatist and authoritarian party, the National Renaissance Front. He remained an independent voice of opposition after the Guard inaugurated its own National Legionary dictatorship, but was ultimately assassinated by a Guardist commando.", "Q422275": "Thomas Jefferson Dryer (January 8, 1808\n\u2013 March 30, 1879) was a newspaper publisher and politician in the Western United States. A member of the Oregon Territorial Legislature in 1857, Dryer is best remembered as the founder of The Oregonian, an influential and enduring newspaper in the American state of Oregon.\nDryer was also a committed mountain climber and is credited with being among the first to summit Mount St. Helens and perhaps Mount Hood.\n\n", "Q15512268": "Jean Del Val (17 November 1891 \u2013 13 March 1975), born Jean Jacques Gauthier, was a French-born actor, also credited as Jean Gauthier and Jean Gautier.\nHe played roles during the Hollywood silent era, beginning with The Fortunes of Fifi in 1917. During the early days of talkies he served as a translator and vocal coach for French language versions of American-made films. Two of his notable credits include the classic 1942 film Casablanca in the limited role as an announcer for a French radio station in one of the opening scenes, historical figure Ferdinand Foch in the 1941 film Sergeant York based on the life of Sergeant York. His most memorable role is the comatose scientist, Dr. Jan Benes in the 1966 science fiction film Fantastic Voyage.\nHe also appeared on 5 episodes of the television series Combat!, first, uncredited in \"A Day in June\" followed by \"No Trumpets, No Drums \" as Marceau, then as a French Farmer in \"Birthday Cake\" and later on as Father Bomar in the episode \"The Steeple\". Lastly he played Brother Edmundo in the episode \"The Mockingbird\".\nDel Val died at age 83 from a heart attack in Pacific Palisades, California. He is interred in the Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City.", "Q463229": "Keith Theodore Olbermann (; born January 27, 1959) is an American sports and political commentator and writer. He currently works for ESPN.\nOlbermann spent the first 20 years of his career in sports journalism. He was a sports correspondent for CNN and for local TV and radio stations in the 1980s, winning the Best Sportscaster award from the California Associated Press three times. He co-hosted ESPN's SportsCenter from 1992\u201397. From 1998 to 2001 he was a producer and anchor for Fox Sports Net and a host for Fox Sports' coverage of Major League Baseball.\nFrom March 2003 to January 2011 Olbermann hosted the weeknight political commentary program Countdown with Keith Olbermann on MSNBC. He received attention for his pointed criticism of right-wing and conservative politicians and public figures. Although he has frequently been described as a \"liberal,\" he has tried to resist being labelled politically, stating, \"I'm not a liberal. I'm an American.\"From 2011 to March 30, 2012, he was the chief news officer of the Current TV network and the host of a Current TV program also called Countdown with Keith Olbermann. From July 2013 until July 2015 he hosted a late-afternoon show on ESPN2 and TSN2 called Olbermann as well as TBS's Major League Baseball postseason coverage.\nFrom September 2016 until November 2017, Olbermann hosted a web series for GQ, titled The Closer with Keith Olbermann, covering the 2016 US presidential election, later renamed The Resistance after the victory of Donald Trump.In January 2018 Olbermann returned to ESPN's SportsCenter program, expanding in May to some baseball play-by-play work.", "Q105429": "Gustav Niemann (Rheine, 9 February 1899 \u2013 Munich, 1 January 1982) was a mechanical engineering professor who is regarded as an expert in machine elements.", "Q2791020": "Frederick Leo \"Fred\" Turner (January 6, 1933 \u2013 January 7, 2013) was an American restaurant industry executive, chair and CEO of McDonald's. He is credited with helping to massively expand McDonald's, introducing new meals and setting service standards for the company and its employees.", "Q539127": "Corey Robin (born 1967) is an American political theorist, journalist and professor of political science at Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. He has written books on the role of fear in political life, tracing its presence from Aristotle through the war on terror, and on the nature of conservatism in the modern world, from Edmund Burke to Donald Trump. Most recently, he is the author of a revisionist study of Justice Clarence Thomas that argues that the mainspring of Thomas's jurisprudence is a combination of black nationalism and black conservatism.\nAlthough he is on the left, Robin is unique among political theorists in focusing his attention on what he believes are the darker arts of politics on the right: counterrevolution, political repression and intimidation, revanchism and reaction. He has brought the issues outside academic circles, writing frequently for mainstream outlets and venues.", "Q267214": "Denis Sefton Delmer (24 May 1904 \u2013 4 September 1979) was a British journalist of Australian heritage and, during World War II, a propagandist for the British government. Fluent in German, he became friendly with Ernst R\u00f6hm who arranged for him to interview Adolf Hitler in 1931. During hostilities he led a black propaganda campaign against Hitler by radio from England, so successfully that he was named in the Nazis' Black Book for immediate arrest after their planned invasion of Britain.", "Q104737": "Gitta Lind (17 April 1925 \u2013 9 November 1974) was a German singer and film actress.Lind was born in Trier as Rita Maria Gracher. On her first employment as a singer she changed her name to Gitta Lind, a tribute to Gitta Alp\u00e1r and Jenny Lind. She was married four times, in her second marriage from 1951 to 1954 to the actor Joachim Fuchsberger. She died in Tutzing and was buried in Trier.", "Q57381": "Haris Silajd\u017ei\u0107 (Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [xaris silajd\u0292it\u0255]) (Cyrillic: \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0458\u045f\u0438\u045b; born 1 October 1945) is a Bosnian politician and academic who served as the 6th Bosniak Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 6 November 2006 until 10 November 2010 and as the 3rd Prime Minister of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 25 October 1993 to 30 January 1996.\nApart from those two positions, Silajd\u017ei\u0107 was also the Co-chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the 1st Prime Minister of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the 1st Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "Q189375": "Apollodorus of Damascus (Greek: \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u0394\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2) was a Syrian-Greek engineer, architect, designer and sculptor from Damascus, Roman Syria, who flourished during the 2nd century AD.", "Q68171": "Elias Nikolaus Ammerbach (c. 1530 \u2013 January 29, 1597) was a German organist and arranger of organ music of the Renaissance. He published the earliest printed book of organ music in Germany and is grouped among the composers known as the Colorists.\nHe was born in Naumburg, educated at the University of Leipzig (1548\u201349), and was afterwards employed as organist at the Thomaskirche in Leipzig, probably for the rest of his life. He was married three times (his first two wives died). According to the preface of his 1571 publication of organ tablature he traveled to foreign lands to study, but he gave no specifics.\nAmmerbach developed a method of music notation for keyboard playing, known as tablature, which was specifically adapted for organ. His method became known as the \"new German organ tablature\" and involved letter notation for the pitches with rhythmic symbols placed above.\nIt is not known if Ammerbach was himself a composer; if he was, he did not sign his music. His publications of music in tablature include arrangements of numerous composers popular in the mid-16th century, including Ludwig Senfl, Heinrich Isaac, Josquin des Prez, Clemens non Papa, Orlande de Lassus, and others; Lassus is particularly well represented, as can be expected both because of his extraordinary fame and his presence in Germany (he was in Munich between 1563 and 1594). Most of the secular music in Ammerbach's collections is printed with German titles, while sacred music retains Latin. In his last publication (1583) he includes a considerable quantity of Italian madrigals arranged for keyboard.", "Q3185": "Hildesheim [\u02c8h\u026ald\u0259s\u02ccha\u026a\u032fm] (listen) is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany with 104,230 inhabitants. It is in the district of Hildesheim, about 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Hanover on the banks of the Innerste River, a small tributary of the Leine River.\nThe Holy Roman Emperor Louis the Pious founded the Bishopric of Hildesheim in 815 and created the first settlement with a chapel on the so called Domh\u00fcgel.\nHildesheim is situated on autobahn route 7, and hence is at the connection point of the North (Hamburg and beyond) with the South of Europe.\nWith the Hildesheim Cathedral and the St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1985.\nIn 2015 the city and the diocese celebrated their 1200th anniversary.", "Q287486": "Dominick Fernow is an American experimental musician, poet and multimedia artist. He is best known for extreme music released under the stage name Prurient, as well as numerous other aliases including Vatican Shadow and Rainforest Spiritual Enslavement. His first releases date back to 1998, the same year in which he founded the record label Hospital Productions.", "Q1333326": "Maurice Louis Eug\u00e8ne Martenot (French: [ma\u0281t\u0259no]; October 14, 1898 \u2013 October 8, 1980) was a French cellist, a radio telegrapher during the first World War, and an inventor.\nBorn in Paris, he is best known for his invention of the ondes Martenot, an instrument he first realized in 1928 and spent decades improving. He unveiled a microtonal model in 1938. He also was responsible for teaching the first generation of ondes Martenot performers, including Karel Goeyvaerts, Jeanne Loriod, Georges Savaria, Gilles Tremblay, and his sister Ginette Martenot.\nMartenot himself performed as an 'ondist' with the Philadelphia Orchestra under Leopold Stokowski in 1930. The 1937 World's Fair in Paris awarded him \"Le Grand Prix de l'Exposition Mondiale\". He taught lessons at the Paris Conservatoire during the 1940s.\nA Martenot biography, in French, has been written by ondist Jean Laurendeau. His invention of the ondes Martenot is the subject of the 2013 Quebec documentary Wavemakers, in which Laurendeau also appears.", "Q101897": "Rolf Weih (1906\u20131969) was a German film actor.", "Q235234": "James I (late July 1394 \u2013 21 February 1437) was King of Scotland from 1406 to 1437. The youngest of three sons, he was born in Dunfermline Abbey to King Robert III and his wife Annabella Drummond. His older brother David, Duke of Rothesay, died under suspicious circumstances while being detained by their uncle, Robert, Duke of Albany. His other brother, Robert, died young. Fears for James's safety grew through the winter of 1405/6 and plans were made to send him to France. In February 1406, James was forced to take refuge in the castle of the Bass Rock in the Firth of Forth after his escort was attacked by supporters of Archibald, 4th Earl of Douglas. He remained there until mid-March when he boarded a vessel bound for France. On 22 March English pirates captured the ship and delivered the prince to Henry IV of England. The ailing Robert III died on 4 April and the 11-year-old James, now the uncrowned King of Scotland, would not regain his freedom for another eighteen years.\nJames was educated well at the English Court where he developed respect for English methods of governance and for Henry V. The Scottish king, apparently willingly, joined Henry in his military campaign in France during 1420 \u2013 1421. His cousin, Murdoch Stewart, Albany's son, an English prisoner since 1402 was traded for Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, in 1416. James had married Joan Beaufort, daughter of the Earl of Somerset, in February 1424 just before his release in April. The King's re-entry into Scottish affairs was not altogether popular since he had fought on behalf of Henry V in France and at times against Scottish forces. Noble families were now faced with paying increased taxes to cover the ransom repayments but would also have to provide family hostages as security. James, who excelled in sporting activities and appreciated literature and music, also held a strong desire to impose law and order on his subjects although he applied it selectively at times.\nTo secure his position, James launched pre-emptive attacks on some of his nobles beginning in 1425 with his close kinsmen, the Albany Stewarts, resulting in the execution of Duke Murdoch and his sons. In 1428 James detained Alexander, Lord of the Isles, while attending a parliament in Inverness. Archibald, 5th Earl of Douglas, was arrested in 1431, followed by George, Earl of March, in 1434. The plight of the ransom hostages held in England was ignored and the repayment money was diverted into the construction of Linlithgow Palace and other grandiose schemes. In August 1436, James failed in his siege of the English-held Roxburgh Castle and then faced an ineffective attempt by Sir Robert Graham to arrest him at a general council. James was assassinated at Perth on the night of 20/21 February 1437 in a failed coup by his uncle Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl. Queen Joan, although wounded, managed to evade the attackers and reached her son, now King James II, in Edinburgh Castle.", "Q611175": "Ant\u00f3nio Maria da Silva, GCTE (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0250\u0303\u02c8t\u0254niu m\u0250\u02c8\u027ei\u0250 d\u0250 \u02c8si\u026bv\u0250]; 26 May 1872 in Lisbon \u2013 14 October 1950 in Lisbon) was a Portuguese politician. An engineer, he was a prominent member of the Portuguese Republican Party. He was Prime Minister (President of the Council of Ministers) for four times, during the Portuguese First Republic. After his party victory in the legislative elections of 8 November 1925, he was invited to form government. He led a great campaign against President Manuel Teixeira Gomes, that forced him to resign. He would be the last Prime Minister of the 1st Republic, resigning two days after the 28 May 1926 military movement.", "Q377775": "Adri\u00e1n Campos Jr. (born 5 October 1988 in Valencia) is a Spanish racing driver. He has competed in such series as the European F3 Open Championship (formerly the Spanish Formula Three Championship). He signed to compete in the 2010 Indy Lights season in the United States. Campos finished 6th in points with a best finish of 4th three times, including back-to-back oval races to close out the season, and had the fastest lap of the race at Kentucky Speedway. He placed second among rookie competitors, only behind series champion Jean-Karl Vernay.\n\n", "Q168821": "The Hoax is a 2006 American drama film starring Richard Gere, directed by Swedish filmmaker Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m. The screenplay by William Wheeler is based on the book of the same title by Clifford Irving. It recounts Irving's elaborate hoax of publishing an autobiography of Howard Hughes that he purportedly helped write, without ever having talked with Hughes. The film was ranked as one of the Top 10 of the year by the Los Angeles Times and Newsweek.\nThe screenplay was considerably different from the book. Hired as a technical adviser to the film, Irving was displeased with the product and later asked to have his name removed from the credits.", "Q327142": "Ya\u015far Kemal (born Kemal Sad\u0131k G\u00f6k\u00e7eli; 6 October 1923 \u2013 28 February 2015) was a Kurdish writer and human rights activist, and one of Turkey's leading writers. He received 38 awards during his lifetime and had been a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature on the strength of Memed, My Hawk.An outspoken intellectual, he often did not hesitate to speak about sensitive issues, especially those concerning the oppression of the Kurdish people. He was tried in 1995 under anti-terror laws for an article he wrote for Der Spiegel highlighting the Turkish Army's destruction of Kurdish villages during the Turkish-Kurdish conflict. He was released but later received a suspended 20-month jail sentence for another article he wrote criticising racism in Turkey, especially against the Kurds.", "Q265403": "Kirsti Sparboe is a Norwegian musical performer and an actress. Most of her musical career has been built on participation in the widely popular Eurovision Song Contest.\nShe was born on 7 December 1946 in Troms\u00f8, Norway.\nHer first participation in the Eurovision Song Contest was in 1965 when she was 18, with the song \"Karusell\", which came in 13th place. She then participated in the 1966 Norwegian pre-selection for the Eurovision Song Contest, with the song \"Gi Meg Fri\", which came in 2nd. In 1967, her song \"Dukkemann\" came in 14th place at Eurovision.\nShe also participated in the 1968 Norwegian pre-selection, and would have gone on to represent Norway in 1968, but the song she performed (\"Jag har aldri v\u00e6rt s\u00e5 glad i no'en som deg\") was disqualified after accusations of plagiarising a popular Cliff Richard song called \"Summer Holiday.\" She also covered the winning song of that year, Spain's \"La La La\", in Norwegian.\nShe represented Norway once more in 1969 with the song \"Oj, oj, oj, s\u00e5 glad jeg skal bli\" in 1969, which finished in last place. This song was recorded in three languages (Norwegian, Swedish, and French), and years later a \"Grand Jubilee\" version entitled \"Oj Oj Oj, Grand Prix Jubilee\", was released.\nSparboe participated in the 1970 German selection for the Eurovision Song Contest after Norway, Finland, Portugal and Sweden refused to participate for that year. She sang \"Pierre Der Clochard\", and ended in fourth place. Sparboe also covered 1971's winning song \"Un Banc, Un Arbre, Une Rue\" in Norwegian, and also the 1970. winning song \"All kinds of everything\". That cover can be heard in the \"external links\" section.\nSince the Eurovision Song Contest, she has released singles mostly in Germany, where she found moderate success. Sparboe also showed off her acting talents for a one-off BBC TV Show, Jon, Brian, Kirsti And Jon, in 1980.\nIn recent years the song En Student Fr\u00e5n Uppsala, meaning \"A Student from Uppsala\", initially a hit in 1969 in Germany as Ein Student Aus Uppsala, has become the unofficial anthem of students at Sweden's Uppsala University, giving new popularity to Sparboe.", "Q120859": "Nadja Yvonne Hirsch (born 13 July 1978) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Free Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, from 2009 until 2014 and from 2017 until 2019. \n\n", "Q1793367": "Kurt Ballou (born February 1, 1974) is an American musician and producer based in Massachusetts, best known as the guitarist for hardcore band Converge and for his prolific recording and production work at his own GodCity Studio.", "Q418843": "Akira Mori (\u68ee \u7ae0, Mori Akira, born 12 July 1936) is the Chairman of the Board of Mori Trust, a real estate developer in Tokyo, Japan and an offshoot of Mori Building, the company his father Taikichiro Mori founded in 1959. Forbes estimates that as of 2013, he is the fourth-wealthiest person in Japan with a net worth of approximately $5 billion.He attended Keio University, graduating in 1960 and joining Yasuda Trust & Banking (now part of Mizuho Trust & Banking). He formally joined Mori Building as an employee in 1972.\nFollowing their father's death in 1993, he and his older brother Minoru Mori inherited the family business and in 1999 they split it after a falling-out. Akira headed Mori Trust, while his brother headed what was left of the Mori Building company until his death on March 8, 2012. Mori Trust owns and operates 67 buildings, manages 89 buildings, consisting of office and residential buildings, mainly in central Tokyo and other major Japanese cities. These include the Tokyo Shiodome Building in a commercial district near Tokyo Bay, and about 30 hotels including the Conrad Tokyo. He expressed interest in expanding the company's Tokyo real estate portfolio in 2013 in the midst of economic reforms being enacted by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.Akira Mori has selected his only daughter Miwako Date, who served as president of Mori Trust Hotels & Resorts, in 2016 to take over the Mori Trust business. Akira Mori is now assuming the role of Chairman of the Board of Mori Trust.\n\n", "Q64993": "G\u00fcnther Maleuda (20 January 1931 \u2013 18 July 2012) was an East German politician. From 1989 to 1990 he was the President of the People's Chamber (East German Parliament).", "Q995888": "Falso Azufre is a complex volcano at the border of Argentina and Chile. \nFalso Azufre is elongated in east-west direction and contains craters and lava domes; most craters have diameters of 300\u2013600 metres (980\u20131,970 ft) with the exception of the main crater, which is 1 by 1.3 kilometres (0.62 mi \u00d7 0.81 mi) wide. The highest summit Cerro Falso Azufre lies at the western end in Chile, which has mostly generated pyroclastic material from craters. The probably youngest segment of the volcano is the eastern section in Argentina, where two lava domes and two cones are located; these form the Dos Conos volcano. Some lava flows linked to Dos Conos are up to 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) long. The oldest is known as the Kunstmann edifice on the northwestern side of Falso Azufre; Kunstmann volcano features a 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide scar formed by a sector collapse. Falso Azufre with a base surface of 387 square kilometres (149 sq mi) is one of the biggest volcanoes in the area. The presence of two oppositely curved vent alignments gives the complex an arc-like shape which reaches heights of about 5,900 metres (19,400 ft) above sea level.Blocky lava flows, some of them quite large, form the bulk of the volcano. Neighbouring volcanoes are Nevado San Francisco, the Laguna Amarga caldera and Laguna Verde volcanoes; additional volcanics are of Miocene to Pliocene age. The Kunstmann edifice probably counts as a separate volcano as well.The volcano has erupted trachyandesite, andesite and dacite. The rocks contain hornblende and pyroxene with a total content of 58-61% of SiO2 and form a potassium-rich calc-alkaline suite. In some parts of the volcano, its rocks have suffered hydrothermal alteration.A number of dates have been obtained on Falso Azufre; with the exception of the oldest ones on the Kunstmann edifice (3.5 to 2.9 million years ago) Falso Azufre has only yielded ages of less than one million years, with older dates found in the western part of the volcano and the younger dates of less than 400,000 years ago in the eastern part; the absolutely youngest date was obtained on a lava flow linked to Dos Conos; 160,000 \u00b1 80,000 years ago. Falso Azufre could thus be considered an extinct volcano, although recent activity cannot be ruled out. While the remoteness of the volcano reduces any hazard potential future pyroclastic eruptions could impact air traffic over the region and east of it; further a major road is close to the volcano.Falso Azufre is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes together with about 110 other Quaternary volcanoes, and lies in the southern sector of the volcanic zone; other volcanic zones in the Andes are the Northern Volcanic Zone, the Southern Volcanic Zone and the Austral Volcanic Zone. The history of volcanic activity is poorly known for most of these volcanoes owing to the lack of dating; only a few historical eruptions have been recorded, such as an eruption at Ojos del Salado in 1993.", "Q359488": "Michael Anthony Pe\u00f1a (; Spanish: [\u02c8pe\u0272a]; born January 13, 1976) is an American actor and musician. He has starred in many films, including Crash (2004), World Trade Center (2006), Shooter (2007), Observe and Report (2009), Tower Heist (2011), Battle: Los Angeles (2011), End of Watch (2012), Gangster Squad (2013), American Hustle (2013), Fury (2014), Frontera (2014), The Martian (2015), Collateral Beauty (2016), CHiPs (2017), My Little Pony: The Movie (2017), Ant-Man (2015) and its sequel Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018), A Wrinkle in Time (2018), and 12 Strong (2018). Pe\u00f1a had the title role in Cesar Chavez (2014) and played the co-lead role in the first season of the Netflix TV series Narcos: Mexico (2018). He was nominated for four ALMA Awards, winning two.", "Q45785": "Kim Dae-jung (Korean: \uae40\ub300\uc911; Hanja: \u91d1\u5927\u4e2d; Korean pronunciation: [kim.d\u025b.d\u0291u\u014b]; 6 January 1924 \u2013 18 August 2009), was a South Korean politician and statesman who served as President of South Korea from 1998 to 2003. He was a 2000 Nobel Peace Prize recipient, the only Korean Nobel Prize recipient in history. He was sometimes referred to as the \"Nelson Mandela of South Korea\".", "Q72129": "Ruth Berlau (24 August 1906, Charlottenlund \u2013 15 January 1974 in East Berlin) was a Danish actress, director, photographer and writer, known for her collaboration with Bertolt Brecht and for founding the Bertolt-Brecht-Archiv in Berlin. \nBorn to a merchant family, she learned French at a convent school, but had to drop out due to a pregnancy at the age of thirteen. She studied acting and established her Danish reputation playing Anna in Brecht's Drums in the Night. During her teenage years, she financed a bicycle tour of France, by writing up a somewhat fictionalized account of her travels for a Danish newspaper. In 1930, she toured the Soviet Union by bicycle, and on her return joined the Communist Party of Denmark. Later she took part behind the front lines in the Spanish Civil War.\nIn 1933, she presented herself to the newly arrived Brecht and his wife Helene Weigel, then staying on the island of Fyn, and within two years had become his lover. In 1936, she divorced the doctor Robert Lund and threw herself into a collaboration with Brecht, acting as a secretary as well as writing, translating, photographing and directing. With Brecht, Berlau published the short story collection Jedes Tier kann es, considered obscene in its time. In 1940, she followed the Brecht clan to Sweden, Finland, the USSR and finally to the United States, where a rupture with Brecht took place in 1944. In New York, she gave birth to her only child, who was premature and only lived for a few days.\nAfter the war, she followed the Brechts to Berlin, but was blacklisted from the Berliner Ensemble by Weigel after Brecht's death in 1956. She died in the Charit\u00e9 hospital after setting her bed alight with a cigarette.", "Q1792": "Gda\u0144sk (, also US: , Polish: [\u0261daj\u0303sk] (listen); Kashubian: Gdu\u0144sk; German: Danzig [\u02c8dants\u026a\u00e7] (listen)) Swedish: Danzig) is a city on the Baltic coast of northern Poland. With a population of 468,158, Gda\u0144sk is the capital and largest city of the Pomeranian Voivodeship and one of the most prominent cities within the cultural and geographical region of Kashubia. It is Poland's principal seaport and the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.The city is situated on the southern edge of Gda\u0144sk Bay on the Baltic Sea, in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, the resort town of Sopot, and suburban communities; these form a metropolitan area called the Tricity (Tr\u00f3jmiasto), with a population approaching 1.4 million. Gda\u0144sk lies at the mouth of the Mot\u0142awa River, connected to the Leniwka, a branch in the delta of the nearby Vistula River, which drains 60 percent of Poland and connects Gda\u0144sk with the Polish capital, Warsaw. Together with the nearby port of Gdynia, Gda\u0144sk is also a notable industrial centre. \nThe city's history is complex, with periods of Polish, Prussian and German rule, and periods of autonomy or self-rule as a free city state. In the early-modern age, Gda\u0144sk was a royal city of Poland. It was considered the wealthiest and the largest city of Poland, before the 18th century rapid growth of Warsaw. In the late Middle Ages it was an important seaport and shipbuilding town and, in the 14th and 15th centuries, a member of the Hanseatic League.\nIn the interwar period, owing to its multi-ethnic make-up and history, Gda\u0144sk lay in a disputed region between Poland and Germany, which became known as the Polish Corridor. The city's ambiguous political status was exploited, furthering tension between the two countries, which would ultimately culminate in the Invasion of Poland and the first clash of the Second World War just outside the city limits, followed by the flight and expulsion of the majority of the previous population in 1945. In the 1980s, Gda\u0144sk was the birthplace of the Solidarity movement, which played a major role in bringing an end to Communist rule in Poland and helped precipitate the collapse of the Eastern Bloc, the fall of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.\nGda\u0144sk is home to the University of Gda\u0144sk, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, the National Museum, the Gda\u0144sk Shakespeare Theatre, the Museum of the Second World War, the Polish Baltic Philharmonic and the European Solidarity Centre. The city also hosts St. Dominic's Fair, which dates back to 1260, and is regarded as one of the biggest trade and cultural events in Europe. Gda\u0144sk has also topped rankings for the quality of life, safety and living standards worldwide.", "Q742539": "Moshe Leib Lilienblum (Yiddish: \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05e0\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd\u200e; October 22, 1843 in Keidany, Kovno Governorate \u2013 February 12, 1910 in Odessa) was a Jewish scholar and author. He also used the pseudonym Zelaphchad Bar-Chuschim (Hebrew: \u05e6\u05dc\u05e4\u05d7\u05d3 \u05d1\u05e8\u05be\u05d7\u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd\u200e).", "Q2583488": "Forest Lawn Cemetery (Cathedral City), renamed from Palm Springs Mortuary & Mausoleum in 2005, is a mausoleum in Cathedral City, California near Palm Springs. It is operated by Forest Lawn Memorial-Parks & Mortuaries.", "Q6235082": "John George (Arabic: \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u200e; born Tufei Fatella, January 20, 1898 \u2013 August 25, 1968) was an actor who appeared in at least 130 movies from 1916 to 1960. George worked in films of all genres alongside countless stars although often for only the briefest of appearances, uncredited.", "Q888615": "Robert L. Lord (January 6, 1934 \u2013 February 16, 2008), better known as Bobby Lord, was an American country music artist popular in the 1950s and 1960s.", "Q213595": "Karl Ludwig B\u00f6rne (born \"Loeb Baruch\"; 6 May 1786 \u2013 12 February 1837) was a German-Jewish political writer and satirist, who is considered part of the Young Germany movement.", "Q2981170": "Cobra Records (together with its Artistic subsidiary) was an independent record label that operated from 1956\u20131959. The label was important for launching the careers of Chicago blues artists Otis Rush, Magic Sam, and Buddy Guy and \"signaled the arrival of a new generation of blues artists and a new sound ... to be called the West Side Sound.\"Cobra was started on Chicago's West Side in 1956 by Eli Toscano, a record-store- and television-repair-shop owner, with help from promoter Howard Bedno. When his previous record label, Abco Records, failed to generate much interest, Toscano approached Willie Dixon about working for Cobra. Dissatisfied with his arrangement with Chess Records, Dixon joined Cobra. There he served in many capacities, including talent scout, producer, arranger, songwriter, bassist, and became \"the artistic vision behind Cobra Records.\"First to record for Cobra was Otis Rush. His single \"I Can't Quit You Baby\" became a hit, spending six weeks in the Billboard R&B chart, where it reached number six in 1956. Rush recorded another seven singles for Cobra, described as \"defining moments of Chicago blues.\" In 1957 Magic Sam recorded his signature song \"All Your Love\" and released four singles on Cobra. Buddy Guy released two singles in 1958 on Cobra's Artistic Records subsidiary.\nFrom 1956\u20131958 Cobra issued singles by a variety of acts, including Ike Turner and several blues veterans. However, by 1959 financial troubles overtook the company and it went out of business. Eli Toscano died in 1967; Howard Bedno \"went on to become one of the leading \"indie\" promotion men in the United States\" (died 2006); and Willie Dixon returned to Chess and entered one of the most prolific periods of his career (died 1992). The Cobra catalogue was subsequently purchased by Stan Lewis of Jewel/Paula/Ron Records. Most of the Cobra (and Artistic) recordings (57 tracks, including several alternate and outtakes) were released on The Cobra Records Story: Chicago Rock and Blues 1956\u20131958 by Capricorn Records in 1993. In 2013, 40 songs from the Cobra catalogue were released on a two-CD set, titled Double Trouble: The Cobra Record Story.", "Q117039": "Andr\u00e9 Simonazzi (born 1968) is a Swiss politician born in Monthey. He currently holds the office of Vice Chancellor and spokesman for the Swiss Federal Council, since April 2009.The eldest son of an economics teacher at the St. Maurice's Abbey, Andr\u00e9 Simonazzi graduated at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva. After beginning a career as a journalist at the regional newspaper Le Nouvelliste, Andr\u00e9 Simonazzi first joined the relief organization Caritas Switzerland's media department, before becoming its national spokesman in 1998. He served as the head of the Information Service at the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications between 2004 and 2009.", "Q379994": "Adventureland is a 2009 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written and directed by Greg Mottola, starring Jesse Eisenberg and Kristen Stewart and co-starring Ryan Reynolds, Kristen Wiig, Bill Hader, Martin Starr, and Margarita Levieva. Set in the summer of 1987, recent college grad James Brennan (Eisenberg) is making big plans to tour Europe and attend graduate school in pursuit of a career in journalism. However, financial problems force him to look for a summer job instead of traveling abroad, which places him at Adventureland, a run-down amusement park in western Pennsylvania. There he meets Emily Lewin (Stewart), a co-worker with whom he develops a quick rapport and relationship.\nReleased on April 3, 2009, the film received positive reviews and earned $17.1 million worldwide at the box office. It was nominated for \"Best Ensemble Cast Performance\" at the 19th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards.\n\n", "Q10429346": "Bibliography (from Ancient Greek: \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03bd, romanized: biblion, lit. 'book' and -\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u1fb1, -graph\u00ed\u0101, 'writing'), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from Ancient Greek: -\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, romanized: -log\u00eda). Carter and Barker (2010) describe bibliography as a twofold scholarly discipline\u2014the organized listing of books (enumerative bibliography) and the systematic description of books as objects (descriptive bibliography).", "Q321527": "Jonathan Borofsky (born December 24, 1942) is an American sculptor and printmaker who lives and works in Ogunquit, Maine.\n\n", "Q349857": "Christopher McDonald (born February 15, 1955) is an American actor. He played Darryl Dickinson in Thelma & Louise (1991), Shooter McGavin in Happy Gilmore (1996), Ward Cleaver in the film adaptation of Leave It to Beaver (1997), Kent Mansley in The Iron Giant (1999), Tappy Tibbons in Requiem for a Dream (2000), and Mel Allen in the HBO film 61* (2001).", "Q368899": "Poverty and Nobility (Italian: Miseria e nobilt\u00e0) is a 1954 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Mattoli and starring Tot\u00f2.", "Q111448": "Josef Altst\u00f6tter (4 January 1892 Bad Griesbach (Rottal), Lower Bavaria \u2013 13 November 1979, Nuremberg) was a high-ranking official in the German Ministry of Justice under the Nazi Regime. Following World War II, he was tried by the Nuremberg Military Tribunal as a defendant in the Judges' Trial, where he was acquitted of the most serious charges, but was found guilty of a lesser charge of membership in a criminal organization (the SS).\n\n", "Q337345": "Peter M. Bowers (15 May 1918 \u2013 27 April 2003) was a journalist specializing in the field of aviation.\nBowers is famed in the general aviation community for his work with General Aviation News. Writing 26 books and over 800 articles detailing historic aircraft for a column called \"Of Wings and Things\", Bowers was a fixture of the newspaper for decades. Also an engineer at Boeing, he was an avid aviation photographer and also designed homebuilt aircraft such as the Fly Baby and Namu II. Bowers also completed and flew a Detroit G1 Gull primary glider.Bowers lived in Seattle for most of his life. He spent five years in the U.S. Army Air Force as a maintenance and intelligence officer. He served as a contributing editor for Sentry Publications' twin magazine titles Wings and Airpower, drawing on a lifetime of aviation photographs of his own, and of a vast archive collected through his employment at Boeing. Bowers died from cancer in 2003.\nUnder its Fly Baby entry Jane's All The World's Aircraft, 1964\u20131965, says of Bowers:\n\nMr. Peter Bowers, an aeronautical engineer with Boeing in Seattle, is a principal source of detailed information on vintage aircraft in the United States, and has provided much of the data for a number of replicas of 1914-18 War aircraft now under construction or flying. He is currently engaged on a redesign of the Fokker D.VIII monoplane of 1918 in association with Herr Rheinhold Platz, the original designer, with a view to starting a replica building program.\nA full-scale Fokker Triplane replica of this period has been under construction by Mr. Bowers for nearly five years. At least six others are known to be under construction from plans that he has provided.\nAnother aircraft built by Mr. Bowers is a full-scale replica of the Wright Model EX of 1911, the first aeroplane to cross the American continent. This machine was tested as a towed sailplane in the Autumn of 1961 and is to be powered by a converted \"B\" Ford automobile engine from a 1938 Funk monoplane.\nIn addition to this work on replicas, Mr. Bowers has designed and built a single-seat light aircraft known as the Fly Baby...", "Q320639": "David Noel Redding (25 December 1945 \u2013 11 May 2003) was an English rock musician, best known as the bass player for the Jimi Hendrix Experience and guitarist/singer for Fat Mattress.\nFollowing his departure from the Experience in 1969 and the dissolution of Fat Mattress in 1970, Redding formed the short-lived group Road in the United States, which released one eponymous album before he re-located to Clonakilty, Ireland, in 1972. There he formed the Noel Redding Band with former Thin Lizzy guitarist Eric Bell, with whom he released two albums. Although by the 1980s Redding had largely removed himself from the music business, he would later perform around his new hometown with wife Carol Appleby.", "Q119014": "Hans-Joachim Kulenkampff, nickname Kuli (27 April 1921 in Bremen \u2013 14 August 1998 in Seeham) was a German actor and TV host, remembered mainly as host of Einer wird gewinnen, a quiz show that ran from 1964 to 1987.\nIn 1967 he hosted Miss Germany pageant[1][2]", "Q671695": "Mingyi Swa Saw Ke (Burmese: \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1005\u103d\u102c\u1005\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u1032, pronounced [m\u026a\u0301\u0274d\u0291\u00ed sw\u00e0 s\u0254\u0300 k\u025b\u0301]; also spelled \u1005\u103d\u102c\u1005\u1031\u102c\u1000\u1032, Minkyiswasawke or Swasawke; 1330\u20131400) was king of Ava from 1367 to 1400. He reestablished central authority in Upper Myanmar (Burma) for the first time since the fall of the Pagan Empire in the 1280s. He essentially founded the Ava Kingdom that would dominate Upper Burma for the next two centuries.\nWhen he was elected by the ministers to succeed King Thado Minbya, Swa took over a small kingdom barely three years old, and one that still faced several external and internal threats. In the north, he successfully fought off the Maw raids into Upper Burma, a longstanding problem since the waning days of Sagaing and Pinya kingdoms. He maintained friendly relations with Lan Na in the east, and Arakan in the west, placing his nominees on the Arakense throne between 1373 and 1385. In the south, he brought semi-independent kingdoms of Toungoo (Taungoo) and Prome (Pyay) firmly into Ava's orbit. But his attempts to extend control farther south touched off the Forty Years' War (1385\u20131424) between Ava and Pegu. After three defeats, Swa had to agree to a truce with King Razadarit of Pegu in 1391.\nFor the most part, his long reign was peaceful. In contrast to the short reigns by various kings since the fall of Pagan, Swa's 32-year reign brought much needed stability to Upper Burma. He redeveloped the economy of the kingdom by repairing the irrigation system, and reclaiming much of the arable land which had lapsed into wilderness for nearly a century as the result of the Mongol invasions and repeated Maw raids. Under Swa's leadership, Upper Burma centered in Ava, finally achieved stability it had lacked for much of the past hundred years.\n\n", "Q317095": "Bryan Keith \"Dexter\" Holland, Ph.D (born December 29, 1965) is an American musician who is best known as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, and primary songwriter of the American rock band The Offspring. In 2017, Holland attained a PhD in molecular biology.", "Q102352": "Florian W\u00fcnsche (born 18 July 1991) is a German actor and well known for his role as Manuel Siewert in the children soap opera Schloss Einstein.He had his first small role in the feature movie Wer k\u00fcsst schon einen Leguan? in 2003. This was followed by guest parts in two episodes of Ein Engel f\u00fcr alle and his first appearance in KRIMI.DE. After that he took the role of boarding school student Manuel Siewert in the popular teen soap Schloss Einstein in 2008. W\u00fcnsche lasted three seasons on the show, leaving Schloss Einstein in 2010. He then took part in the second season of the Coming of age-series dasbloghaus.tv, before having another guest appearance in KRIMI.DE.\nIn March 2011, W\u00fcnsche was cast as Emilio Sanchez in the soap opera Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love). He completed the show's Mallorca cast and later joined the cast in D\u00fcsseldorf Germany. His first appearance was on 28 June 2011. After the show's cancellation in 2015 Florian W\u00fcnsche joined the cast of Stuttgart Homicide. In his role as Benedikt F\u00f6rster he's part of the forensic team being a young coroner who has to deal with his male co-worker's jealousy as well as with his ex-girlfriend who tries to keep his daughter from him by allowing him to see her on tough conditions.\nHe starred in the very popular German learning series, Nico's Weg where he and his friends adventure in Germany.\n\n", "Q40831": "In a modern sense, comedy (from the Greek: \u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u1ff3\u03b4\u03af\u03b1, k\u014dm\u014did\u00eda) is a genre of fiction that refers to any discourse or work generally intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, television, film, stand-up comedy, books and novels or any other medium of entertainment. The origins of the term are found in Ancient Greece. In the Athenian democracy, the public opinion of voters was influenced by the political satire performed by the comic poets at the theaters. The theatrical genre of Greek comedy can be described as a dramatic performance which pits two groups or societies against each other in an amusing agon or conflict. Northrop Frye depicted these two opposing sides as a \"Society of Youth\" and a \"Society of the Old.\" A revised view characterizes the essential agon of comedy as a struggle between a relatively powerless youth and the societal conventions that pose obstacles to his hopes. In this struggle, the youth is understood to be constrained by his lack of social authority, and is left with little choice but to take recourse in ruses which engender very dramatic irony which provokes laughter.Satire and political satire use comedy to portray persons or social institutions as ridiculous or corrupt, thus alienating their audience from the object of their humor. Parody subverts popular genres and forms, critiquing those forms without necessarily condemning them.\nOther forms of comedy include screwball comedy, which derives its humor largely from bizarre, surprising (and improbable) situations or characters, and black comedy, which is characterized by a form of humor that includes darker aspects of human behavior or human nature. Similarly scatological humor, sexual humor, and race humor create comedy by violating social conventions or taboos in comic ways. A comedy of manners typically takes as its subject a particular part of society (usually upper-class society) and uses humor to parody or satirize the behavior and mannerisms of its members. Romantic comedy is a popular genre that depicts burgeoning romance in humorous terms and focuses on the foibles of those who are falling in love.", "Q66148": "Niedermuhlern is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q934934": "Neil Hosler McElroy (October 30, 1904 \u2013 November 30, 1972) was United States Secretary of Defense from 1957 to 1959 under President Eisenhower. He had been president of Procter & Gamble.\n\n", "Q71434": "Count John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg (22 November 1536 \u2013 8 October 1606) was the second son of William the Rich and the younger brother of William the Silent. He has a special place in the history of the Netherlands because he is the male-line forefather of the House of Orange which ruled that country until 1898.\nJohn VI of Nassau-Dillenburg was a Count of Nassau in Dillenburg. Other names he had were Jan VI or Jan de Oude (\"John the Elder\", to distinguish him from his 2nd son, \"John the Middle\", and his grandson \"John the Younger\").\nJohn VI was born in Dillenburg, the second son of Count William I of Nassau-Dillenburg and his second wife Juliane of Stolberg-Wernigerode and brother of William I of Orange. He was the principal author of the Union of Utrecht.", "Q3062964": "Frederick Ross Johnson, OC (December 13, 1931 \u2013 December 29, 2016) was a Canadian businessman, best known as the chief executive officer of RJR Nabisco in the 1980s.", "Q206832": "Gaspard Monge, Comte de P\u00e9luse (9 May 1746 \u2013 28 July 1818) was a French mathematician, the inventor of descriptive geometry (the mathematical basis of technical drawing), and the father of differential geometry. During the French Revolution he served as the Minister of the Marine, and was involved in the reform of the French educational system, helping to found the \u00c9cole Polytechnique.", "Q381791": "John Terry (born January 25, 1950) is an American film, television, and stage actor. He is perhaps best known for his role as Christian Shephard in the TV series Lost and Larry McCoy in the TV series Las Vegas. He is also the father of football player Hanna Terry of KIF \u00d6rebro DFF in the Swedish women's football league Damallsvenskan.", "Q61627": "Uwe Johnson (German: [\u02c8u\u02d0v\u0259 \u02c8jo\u02d0nz\u0254n]; 20 July 1934 \u2013 22 February 1984) was a German writer, editor, and scholar.", "Q238704": "John Peter Gilmore (25 August 1931 \u2013 3 February 2013), known as Peter Gilmore, was an English actor, known for his portrayal of Captain James Onedin in 91 episodes of the BBC television period drama The Onedin Line (1971\u20131980), created by Cyril Abraham.", "Q79068": "Andreas M\u00f6lzer (born 2 December 1952 in Leoben, Styria) is an Austrian politician and former Member of the European Parliament for the Freedom Party of Austria.", "Q78376": "Ernst Hartmann (10 November 1915 in Mannheim - 23 October 1992 in Waldkatzenbach, a suburb of Waldbrunn (Odenwald)) in Germany was a German medical doctor, author and publicist.\"Hartmann lines\" are named after him.", "Q92977": "Norman Manuel Abramson (April 1, 1932) is an American engineer and computer scientist, most known for developing the ALOHAnet system for wireless computer communication.\nBorn in Boston, Massachusetts, he received an A.B. in physics from Harvard University (1953), an M.A. in Physics from UCLA (1955), and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford University (1958).\nAbramson was a research engineer at the Hughes Aircraft Company until 1955, when he joined the\nfaculty at Stanford University (1955\u201365), was visiting professor at University of California at Berkeley (1966), before moving to University of Hawaii (1968\u201394), serving as professor of both Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Director of Aloha Systems.\nIn 1994 Abramson co-founded Aloha Networks in San Francisco, where he served as a CTO.\nHis early research concerned radar signal characteristics and sampling theory,\nas well as frequency modulation and digital communication channels, error correcting codes,pattern recognition and machine learning and computing for seismic analysis.\nIn the late 1960s he worked on the ALOHAnet and continued to develop spread spectrum techniques in the 1980s.", "Q60539": "Horst Werner Buchholz (4 December 1933 \u2013 3 March 2003) was a German actor and voice actor who appeared in more than 60 feature films from 1951 to 2002. During his youth, he was sometimes called \"the German James Dean\". He is perhaps best known in English-speaking countries for his role as Chico in The Magnificent Seven (1960), as a communist in Billy Wilder's One, Two, Three (1961), and as Dr. Lessing in Life Is Beautiful (1997).", "Q561358": "Jacques Goddet (Paris, 21 June 1905 \u2013 Paris, 15 December 2000) was a French sports journalist and director of the Tour de France road cycling race from 1936 to 1986.\nHis father, Victor Goddet, was co-founder and finance director of L'Auto, the newspaper that organised the first Tour in 1903. When Jacques Goddet had ended his studies in 1931, he became editor-in-chief of L'Auto. He covered the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.\nIn 1924 Jacques Goddet went to work for his father's paper in the rue du faubourg-Montmartre, Paris. Four years later he followed his first Tour de France and sat spellbound as he watched riders struggle for more than 16 hours on cols \"that were no more than mediocre earth paths, muddy, stony\". Goddet returned the following year and followed every Tour until 1989, with the exceptions of 1932 when he went to the Los Angeles Olympics and 1981 when he was too ill.He became chief reporter at L'Auto and took over organisation of the race when the director, Henri Desgrange, became too ill to continue in 1936.As for association football, Goddet is credited as one of the fathers of the idea for the Intercontinental Cup, and one of the earliest proponents, in the 1970s, that the Intercontinental Cup should be enlarged to encompass not only European and South American but also Asian, African and North-Central American club champions, in a form of a FIFA-endorsed Club World Cup.", "Q21203": "Aruba ( \u0259-ROO-b\u0259, Dutch: [a\u02d0\u02c8ruba\u02d0, -ryb-] (listen), Papiamento: [a\u02c8ruba]) is an island and a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the southern Caribbean Sea, located about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) west of the main part of the Lesser Antilles and 29 kilometres (18 mi) north of the coast of Venezuela. It measures 32 kilometres (20 mi) long from its northwestern to its southeastern end and 10 kilometres (6 mi) across at its widest point. Together with Bonaire and Cura\u00e7ao, Aruba forms a group referred to as the ABC islands. Collectively, Aruba and the other Dutch islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean.\nAruba is one of the four countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands, along with the Netherlands, Cura\u00e7ao, and Sint Maarten; the citizens of these countries are all Dutch nationals. Aruba has no administrative subdivisions, but, for census purposes, is divided into eight regions. Its capital is Oranjestad.Unlike much of the Caribbean region, Aruba has a dry climate and an arid, cactus-strewn landscape. This climate has helped tourism as visitors to the island can reliably expect warm, sunny weather. It has a land area of 179 km2 (69.1 sq mi) and is densely populated, with a total of 101,484 inhabitants at the 2010 Census. Current estimates of the population place it at 116,600 (July 2018 est.) It lies outside Hurricane Alley.", "Q335552": "Jack Patrick Dorsey (born November 19, 1976) is an American computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur who is the co-founder and CEO of Twitter, and the founder and CEO of Square, a mobile payments company.", "Q576624": "Chris Impellitteri (born September 25, 1964) is the American lead guitarist and founder of the heavy metal band Impellitteri. In 2008 Guitar World magazine named Chris Impellitteri as one of the fastest guitarists of all time.In 2003, Guitar One Magazine voted Chris Impellitteri the second fastest guitar shredder of all time, behind only Michael Angelo Batio; Yngwie Malmsteen was dubbed the third fastest shredder.", "Q472330": "Howard D. Schultz (born July 19, 1953) is an American businessman, author, and philanthropist. He served as the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of the Starbucks Coffee Corporation for more than two decades; first from 1986 to 2000, and then from 2008 to 2017. After stepping down as CEO, Schultz stayed at the company from 2017 to 2018 as its executive chairman overseeing Starbucks's philanthropic and charitable giving arm. Leading the firm for nearly four decades, he is the longest-serving head of the coffeehouse. Schultz owned the Seattle SuperSonics from 2001 to 2006, a basketball franchise that he sold for US$350 million to Clay Bennett, who moved the NBA team to Oklahoma creating the Oklahoma City Thunder. \nBorn and raised in the Brooklyn borough of New York, Schultz graduated from Northern Michigan University in 1975. After briefly selling office equipment door-to-door one of his early clients, the then coffeehouse startup Starbucks, onboarded him as their marketing and operations head in 1982. A business trip to Milan, Italy and the country's coffee culture inspired him to open Il Giornale, a specialty coffeeshop that merged with Starbucks during the late-1980s. Schultz pushed the new company to sell more than coffee beans and equipment, quickly establishing a large network of stores that served espresso, coffee, teas, and casual food. Following large-scale distribution deals \u2013 particularly with major hotels, groceries, and bookstores \u2013 Starbucks became the largest coffee-house chain in the world. Schultz took the company public in 1992 and used a $271 million valuation to double their store count in a series of highly publicized coffee wars. He stepped down in 2000 to focus on Starbucks' international expansion, succeeded by Orin Smith.\nDuring the 2008 financial crisis, Schultz returned as chief executive to stabilize the company after years of unsustainable growth. Succeeding Jim Donald, Schultz led a mass-firing of executives, shuttered hundreds of weak stores, and temporarily closed all U.S. stores to retrain employees in making espresso. He orchestrated multiple acquisitions of American and Chinese beverage companies, introduced a national loyalty program, and enforced fair trade standards. His aggressive expansion in Chinese markets has been credited with reconciling the country's tea-culture with coffee consumption in China. Schultz's positioning of Starbucks as a social hub (\"third place\") is widely seen as introducing the second wave of coffee culture in the U.S., particularly in Seattle. His second tenure sustained both significant and sustained criticism as well as growth, ultimately adding nearly $100 billion in market capitalization to the company, a 21,000% increase in shareholder value. Schultz was succeeded by Kevin Johnson as CEO in April 2017, and has, since 2018, retained the title \"Chairman emeritus\" of Starbucks. \nA noted author of business literature, he has written four books: Pour Your Heart Into It (1997), Onward (2011), For Love of Country (2014) and From the Ground Up (2019). Long known for his outspoken politically centrist views, Schultz considered a candidacy in the 2012, 2016, and 2020 U.S. presidential elections as an independent candidate. He declined to join all three contests because of the two-party system and fears of splitting the vote. Schultz supports bipartisanship across the political spectrum and is widely considered to be a centrist Democrat ideologically. His positions on domestic politics are socially liberal and fiscally moderate. In foreign policy, he is seen as a \"liberal hawk\", favoring American-led international affairs and institutionalism. Schultz was named the 680th-richest person in the U.S. by Forbes with a net worth of $4.0 billion (April 2020). To further his private philanthropic efforts, he established the Schultz Family Foundation which focuses on helping military veterans and fighting youth unemployment.\n\n", "Q68165": "Kloten is a municipality in the district of B\u00fclach in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland, and belongs to the Glatt Valley (German: Glatttal).", "Q922830": "Gregory Jacobs, known professionally as Shock G (and his alter ego Humpty Hump), is an American musician, rapper, and lead vocalist for the hip hop group Digital Underground. He is responsible for Digital Underground's \"The Humpty Dance\", 2Pac's breakthrough single \"I Get Around\", and co-producer of 2Pac's debut album 2Pacalypse Now.", "Q4674444": "Aleksandar \"Aco\" \u0110ukanovi\u0107 (Montenegrin: \u0410\u0446\u043e \u0402\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b), born in 1965, is a controversial Montenegrin businessman, widely considered to be one of the richest and most powerful individuals in the country, along with Brano Mi\u0107unovi\u0107. Vesko Barovi\u0107, Dragan Brkovi\u0107 and others from the Montenegrin nouveau riche class that emerged during the 1990s following the break-up of SFR Yugoslavia. All of Aco \u0110ukanovi\u0107's wealth and influence were achieved during his older brother Milo \u0110ukanovi\u0107's rule in Montenegro as Prime Minister and President of the Republic (1991\u20132006) and currently as the ruling political party's (DPS) president and prime minister again (2006\u2013present).", "Q256963": "Alice Hannah Meiqui Greczyn (born February 6, 1986) is an American actress and model best known for roles in the films The Dukes of Hazzard, Shrooms, House of Fears and Sex Drive. She is also well known as Sage Lund in Lincoln Heights, and as Madeline \"Mads\" Rybak in The Lying Game.\n\n", "Q747333": "The Colombian Conservative Party (Spanish: Partido Conservador Colombiano) is a conservative political party in Colombia. The party was formally established in 1849 by Mariano Ospina Rodr\u00edguez and Jos\u00e9 Eusebio Caro.\nThe Conservative party along with the Colombian Liberal Party dominated the Colombian political scene from the end of the 19th century until 2002, in bipartisan political hegemony. In the mid-20th century, the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party established the \"National Front\" after deposing President Gustavo Rojas Pinilla and shared by turns the presidential terms for 16 years.\nCurrently, the Conservative Party is the second largest political force in the congress. It was part of the coalition of Juan Manuel Santos from 2010 to 2014 and supported the conservative government of \u00c1lvaro Uribe from 2002 to 2010.", "Q859528": "The referee is the person responsible for enforcing the Laws of the Game (LOTG) during an association football match. He or she is the final decision-making authority on all facts connected with play, and is the only official on the pitch with the authority to start and stop play and impose disciplinary action against players during a match. At most levels of play the referee is assisted by two assistant referees (formerly known as linesmen), who are empowered to advise the referee in certain situations such as the ball leaving play or infringements of the Laws of the Game occurring out of the view of the referee; however, the assistant referees' decisions are not binding and the referee has authority to overrule an assistant referee. At higher levels of play the referee may also be assisted by a fourth official who supervises the teams' technical areas and assists the referee with administrative tasks, and, at the very highest levels, additional assistant referees and/or video assistant referees.\nThe International Football Association Board (IFAB) determines the Laws of the Game. Referees and other game officials are licensed and trained by its member national organisations. \nReferees' remuneration for their services varies between leagues. Many are wholly amateur, some may be paid a small fee or reimbursed for expenses, and, in some countries, a limited number of referees \u2013 mainly those who officiate in their country's top league \u2013 are employed full-time by their national associations and receive a retainer at the start of every season plus match fees.\nEach national organisation recommends its top officials to FIFA to have the additional honour of being included on the FIFA International Referees List. International games between national teams require FIFA officials. Otherwise, the local national organisation determines the manner of training, ranking and advancement of officials from the youngest youth games through professional matches.", "Q841367": "Mr. Bean (also known as Mr. Bean: The Animated Series) is a British animated sitcom produced by Tiger Aspect Productions in association with Richard Purdum Productions, Varga Holdings and Sunwoo Entertainment (for its first three series). Based on the 1990\u201395 British live-action television sitcom of the same name created by Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson, the series centers on Mr. Bean (voiced by the latter), Teddy, Irma Gobb and the Reliant Regal's mysterious driver, with the addition of new characters such as Bean's landlady Mrs. Wicket and her evil cat Scrapper. In February 2001, the series was officially announced, with it premiering shortly afterwards.Debuting on 5 January 2002 and originally ending on 2 June 2004, three series and 52 episodes were broadcast, each consisting of two 11-minute segments. The first two series were originally broadcast on ITV1 at a prime time Saturday night slot. In May 2004, the series left ITV1 and the third and final series was instead broadcast daily on CITV due to the series's popularity with younger audiences. \nIn January 2014, CITV announced a revival of the series with Rowan Atkinson returning as the voice of Mr. Bean, along with other cast members reprising their roles. The revival featured 78 new episodes; the new episodes began airing from 16 February 2015 to 8 October 2019. The revival contained more actual dialogue than in the original series, which mostly featured little sound effects and mumbling.", "Q267566": "The National Library of Russia in Saint Petersburg (known as the Imperial Public Library from 1795 to 1917; Russian Public Library from 1917 to 1925; State Public Library from 1925 to 1992 (since 1932 named after M.Saltykov-Shchedrin); NLR), is not only the oldest public library in the nation, but also the first national library in the country. The NLR is currently ranked among the world\u2019s major libraries. It has the second richest library collection in the Russian Federation, a treasury of national heritage, and is the All-Russian Information, Research and Cultural Center. Over the course of its history, the Library has aimed for comprehensive acquisition of the national printed output and has provided free access to its collections. It should not be confused with the Russian State Library, located in Moscow.", "Q474027": "Dancehall is a genre of Jamaican popular music that originated in the late 1970s. Initially, dancehall was a more sparse version of reggae than the roots style, which had dominated much of the 1970s. In the mid-1980s, digital instrumentation became more prevalent, changing the sound considerably, with digital dancehall (or \"ragga\") becoming increasingly characterized by faster rhythms. Key elements of dancehall music include its extensive use of Jamaican Patois rather than Jamaican standard English and a focus on the track instrumentals (or \"riddims\").\n\nDancehall saw initial mainstream success in Jamaica in the 1980s, and by the 1990s, it became increasingly popular in Jamaican diaspora communities. In the 2000s, dancehall experienced worldwide mainstream success, and by the 2010s, it began to heavily influence the work of established Western artists and producers, which has helped to further bring the genre into the Western music mainstream.", "Q1896148": "The University of Greenwich is a public university located in London, United Kingdom. Previous names include Woolwich Polytechnic and Thames Polytechnic. It has three campuses in London and Kent, England. These are located at Greenwich, in the grounds of the Old Royal Naval College, and in Avery Hill and Medway.The university's range of subjects includes architecture, business, computing, mathematics, education, engineering, humanities, maritime studies, natural sciences, pharmacy and social sciences.In 2012, the University of Greenwich was rated as the greenest in the UK by People & Planet Green League Table. The university is ranked in the top 750 by QS World University Rankings. It received a Silver rating in the UK government's Teaching Excellence Framework.", "Q365403": "Adolph John Hofner (June 8, 1916 \u2013 June 2, 2000) was an American Western swing bandleader and singer.", "Q323456": "Del Shannon (born Charles Weedon Westover; December 30, 1934 \u2013 February 8, 1990) was an American rock and roll and country musician and singer-songwriter, best known for his 1961 number 1 Billboard hit \"Runaway\".", "Q71352": "Horst Paul August Ehmke (4 February 1927 \u2013 12 March 2017) was a German lawyer, law professor and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He served as Federal Minister of Justice (1969), Chief of Staff at the German Chancellery and Federal Minister for Special Affairs (1969\u20131972) and Federal Minister for Research, Technology, and Post (1972\u20131974).", "Q337423": "Hans Rebane (24 December [O.S. 12 December] 1882 \u2013 16 December 1961) was an Estonian politician, diplomat and journalist. He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia from 1927 to 1928 in Jaan T\u00f5nisson's third cabinet. Rebane was Estonian envoy in Helsinki 1931\u20131937, 1937\u20131940 in Riga.\nHans Rebane was born in \u00c4rma farmstead, Halliste Parish (now in Veskim\u00e4e, Abja Parish), Viljandi County. The same farm is now owned by the former Estonian President Toomas Hendrik Ilves who uses it as his residence. Hans Rebane studied medicine in the University of Tartu and later economics in Berlin. He died in Stockholm.", "Q957277": "Air Chief Marshal Sir Brian Kevin Burridge, (born 26 September 1949) is a retired Royal Air Force officer. A former Nimrod pilot, Burridge was in overall command of British forces under Operation Telic during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.\n\n", "Q1452597": "Frederick Segrest (December 21, 1926 \u2013 October 27, 2018), known professionally as Freddie Hart, was an American country musician and songwriter best known for his chart-topping country song and lone pop hit \"Easy Loving,\" which won the Country Music Association Song of the Year award in 1971 and 1972.Hart charted singles from 1953 to 1987, and later became a gospel singer. He performed at music festivals and other venues until he died.", "Q1011895": "Hampton Roads is the name of both a body of water that serves as a wide channel for the James, Nansemond and Elizabeth rivers between Old Point Comfort and Sewell's Point where the Chesapeake Bay flows into the Atlantic Ocean, and the surrounding metropolitan region located in the Southeastern Virginia and Northeastern North Carolina portions of the Tidewater region.\nComprising the Virginia Beach\u2013Norfolk\u2013Newport News, VA\u2013NC, metropolitan area and an extended combined statistical area that includes the Elizabeth City, NC, micropolitan statistical area and Kill Devil Hills, NC, micropolitan statistical area, Hampton Roads is known for its large military presence, ice-free harbor, shipyards, coal piers, and miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.\nThe body of water known as Hampton Roads is one of the world's largest natural harbors (more accurately a roadstead or \"roads\"). It incorporates the mouths of the Elizabeth, Nansemond, and James rivers, together with several smaller rivers, and empties into the Chesapeake Bay near its mouth leading to the Atlantic Ocean.The land area includes a collection of cities, counties, and towns on the Virginia Peninsula and in South Hampton Roads. Some of the outlying areas further from the harbor may or may not be included as part of \"Hampton Roads\", depending upon the organization or usage. For example, as defined for federal economic purposes, the Hampton Roads metropolitan statistical area (MSA) includes two counties in northeastern North Carolina and two counties in Virginia's Middle Peninsula. The Virginia Beach\u2013Norfolk\u2013Newport News, VA\u2013NC, MSA has a population of over 1.7 million, making it the 37th-largest metropolitan area in the United States. The Combined Statistical Area includes four additional counties in North Carolina, pushing the regional population to over 1.8 million residents, the 32nd largest CSA in the country.\nThe area is home to hundreds of historical sites and attractions. The harbor was the key to Hampton Roads' growth, both on land and in water-related activities and events. While the harbor and its tributaries were (and still are) important transportation conduits, at the same time they presented obstacles to land-based commerce and travel.\nCreating and maintaining adequate infrastructure has long been a major challenge. The Hampton Roads Bridge\u2013Tunnel (HRBT) and the Monitor\u2013Merrimac Memorial Bridge\u2013Tunnel (MMMBT) are major harbor crossings of the Hampton Roads Beltway interstate, which links the large population centers of Hampton Roads. In 2009, the Hampton Roads Transportation Authority (HRTA) was abolished by the Virginia General Assembly less than two years after its creation. In 2014, the Hampton Roads Transportation Accountability Commission was established to oversee the Hampton Roads Transportation Fund.", "Q140607": "The gendarme to stroll (French: Le gendarme en balade) is the fourth instalment of the gendarme series starring Louis de Fun\u00e8s and also known as \"The Gendarme Takes Off\" and \"The Troops on Vacation\". It is followed by two more films: Le gendarme et les extra-terrestres and Le gendarme et les gendarmettes.", "Q328503": "Ola Torkel Petersson (born 19 August 1969 in Lund, Sweden) is a Swedish actor and comedian.", "Q109561": "Friedrich Wilhelm German M\u00e4urer (1811-1883) was a German Communist writer and leader of the early German labor movement. He joined the League of Outlaws because of his democratic beliefs. When the League of Outlaws became the League of the Just, M\u00e4urer became a member of the League of the Just. He wrote poetry for its newsletters and several books, and with Moses Hess was an important link between it and Karl Marx.", "Q72883": "Adam Bousdoukos (Greek: \u0391\u03b4\u03ac\u03bc \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2, born 25 January 1974) is a German actor with Greek ancestry. He has appeared in more than fifty films since 1995.", "Q273513": "Birthe Wilke (born 19 March 1936) is a popular Danish singer. She grew up in a musical family in Copenhagen's Vesterbro area.", "Q7491": "Jane Stafford (1899\u20131991) was an American medical writer and chemist. She wrote a nationally syndicated newspaper column called \"Your Health - Here's How\" and worked for Science Service. She wrote about cancer, polio, heart disease, influenza, sexually transmitted disease, and vitamins.", "Q235546": "Torrey Jo\u00ebl DeVitto (born June 8, 1984) is an American actress, musician, philanthropist, producer and former fashion model. She is best known for her recurring roles as Melissa Hastings in the ABC Family/Freeform mystery drama series Pretty Little Liars (2010\u20132017), Dr. Meredith Fell in The CW fantasy drama series The Vampire Diaries (2012\u20132013) and as Carrie in The CW drama series One Tree Hill (2008\u20132009). In 2013, she starred as Maggie Hall in the seventh and final season of the Lifetime drama series Army Wives. In 2015, she began starring as Dr. Natalie Manning in the NBC medical drama series Chicago Med. She is also involved in a number of philanthropic organizations and is a Hospice Ambassador.", "Q129869": "Torrente 4: Lethal Crisis is a 2011 18+ film Spanish black comedy film directed, written, produced by and starring Santiago Segura as the lead character, Spanish cop Jos\u00e9 Luis Torrente. The film was the fourth in the popular Torrente series (following Torrente 3: El protector) and successful at the box office. Distributed in Germany by Daniel O Dochartaigh Cine Global Filmverleih. The film features Silvia Abril, Kiko Rivera, Tony Leblanc, Enrique Vill\u00e9n, David Muro, Francisco, David Castillo, Yolanda Ramos, Emma Ozores, Kiko Matamoros, David Bisbal, Mar\u00eda La Piedra, Yon Gonz\u00e1lez, Soledad Mallol, Ana Obreg\u00f3n and Bel\u00e9n Esteban.\n\n", "Q165487": "Ahmet Necdet Sezer (pronounced [ahmet ned\u0292det \u02c8sez\u00e6\u027e]; born 13 September 1941) is a Turkish politician who was the tenth President of Turkey, serving from 2000 to 2007. Previously he was President of the Constitutional Court of Turkey from 1998 to 2000. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey elected Sezer as President in 2000 after S\u00fcleyman Demirel's seven-year term expired. He was succeeded by Abdullah G\u00fcl in 2007.\nFollowing his legal career, Sezer became a candidate for the Presidency jointly supported by many political parties in Parliament. Following the 2000 presidential election, he took an ardent secularist approach on issues such as the headscarf and held the view that secularism in Turkey was under threat. A quarrel between Sezer and the Prime Minister B\u00fclent Ecevit in 2001 led to a financial meltdown, attributed to the weakness of the coalition government as well as the existence of a large amount of debt to the International Monetary Fund.\nThe landslide victory of the conservative Islamist Justice and Development Party (AKP) in the 2002 general election resulted in strong opposition from President Sezer, who vetoed several laws and referred some to the Constitutional Court. These included laws on banking reform and the lifting of Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan's political ban. During receptions at the presidential palace, Sezer refused to allow women wearing the headscarf to attend per the laws on separation of mosque and state at the time, resulting in the wives of Abdullah G\u00fcl and Erdo\u011fan, Hayr\u00fcnnisa G\u00fcl and Emine Erdo\u011fan respectively, not attending the events. Erdo\u011fan later publicly stated that he had 'suffered a lot' from Sezer.During the 2014 presidential election, Sezer openly refused to vote, citing the lack of a secularist candidate as his reason.", "Q231708": "Edith Nesbit (married name Edith Bland; 15 August 1858 \u2013 4 May 1924) was an English author and poet; she published her books for children under the name of E. Nesbit.\nShe wrote or collaborated on more than 60 books of children's literature. She was also a political activist and co-founded the Fabian Society, a socialist organisation later affiliated to the Labour Party.", "Q266888": "Vinessa Elizabeth Shaw (born July 19, 1976) is an American film actress and model. She began her career as a child actor, and had her break-out role in Disney's 1993 Halloween comedy-fantasy film Hocus Pocus. Shaw also appeared in Ladybugs (1992) and L.A. Without a Map (1998).\nWhile attending Barnard College, Shaw was cast in a supporting role in Stanley Kubrick's Eyes Wide Shut (1999), after which she decided to pursue acting into her adulthood. Subsequent roles include in the comedy 40 Days and 40 Nights (2002), and the 2006 remake of Wes Craven's horror film The Hills Have Eyes. She was a supporting cast member in the Showtime drama Ray Donovan, and stars as Dr. Jane Mathis in the 2017 horror thriller Clinical.", "Q70064": "Hermann L\u00fcdemann (August 5, 1880 \u2013 May 27, 1959) was a German politician (SPD). He was Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein (1947-1949). He was born in L\u00fcbeck and died in Kiel.\n\n", "Q229147": "Kelly McGillis (born July 9, 1957) is an American actress widely known for her film roles as Rachel Lapp in Witness (1985) with Harrison Ford, for which she received Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations; Charlie in Top Gun (1986) with Tom Cruise, and Kathryn Murphy in The Accused (1988) with Jodie Foster.", "Q103702": "Ruth Stephan (October 27, 1925 \u2013 August 8, 1975) was a German film and stage actress. She appeared with Heinz Erhardt in the 'Willi' series of films.", "Q95956": "Astrid Margarete F\u00fcnderich (born 27 September 1963 in D\u00fcsseldorf) is a German actress.", "Q322760": "Papa Charlie Jackson (November 10, 1887 \u2013 May 7, 1938) was an early American bluesman and songster who accompanied himself with a banjo guitar, a guitar, or a ukulele. His recording career began in 1924. Much of his life remains a mystery, but his draft card lists his birthplace as New Orleans, Louisiana, and his death certificate states that he died in Chicago, Illinois, on May 7, 1938.\n\n", "Q67518": "Michael von Albrecht (born 22 August 1933 in Stuttgart) is a German classical scholar and translator, as well as a poet writing in Latin.In 2004 he was granted the Johann-Heinrich-Vo\u00df-Preis f\u00fcr \u00dcbersetzung.", "Q154882": "Legionnaires' disease, also known as legionellosis, is a form of atypical pneumonia caused by any type of Legionella bacteria. Signs and symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, high fever, muscle pains, and headaches. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. This often begins 2\u201310 days after exposure.The bacterium is found naturally in fresh water. It can contaminate hot water tanks, hot tubs, and cooling towers of large air conditioners. It is usually spread by breathing in mist that contains the bacteria. It can also occur when contaminated water is aspirated. It typically does not spread directly between people, and most people who are exposed do not become infected. Risk factors for infection include older age, a history of smoking, chronic lung disease, and poor immune function. Those with severe pneumonia and those with pneumonia and a recent travel history should be tested for the disease. Diagnosis is by a urinary antigen test and sputum culture.No vaccine is available. Prevention depends on good maintenance of water systems. Treatment of Legionnaires' disease is with antibiotics. Recommended agents include fluoroquinolones, azithromycin, or doxycycline. Hospitalization is often required. About 10% of those who are infected die.The number of cases that occur globally is not known. Legionnaires' disease is the cause of an estimated 2\u20139% of pneumonia cases that are acquired outside of a hospital. An estimated 8,000\u201318,000 cases a year in the United States require hospitalization. Outbreaks of disease account for a minority of cases. While it can occur any time of the year, it is more common in the summer and fall. The disease is named after the outbreak where it was first identified, at a 1976 American Legion convention in Philadelphia.", "Q571605": "Marcos Moshinsky Borodiansky (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0441 \u041c\u043e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; Ukrainian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0441 \u041c\u043e\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0456; 1921\u20132009) was a Mexican physicist of Ukrainian-Jewish origin whose work in the field of elementary particles won him the Prince of Asturias Prize for Scientific and Technical Investigation in 1988 and the UNESCO Science Prize in 1997.", "Q882304": "Edward Curtis Smith (January 5, 1854 \u2013 April 6, 1935) was an American politician from the US state of Vermont. He was a Republican. The son of Governor J. Gregory Smith, Edward C. Smith also served one term as governor of the state. \nHe was married to Anna Bailey James, the granddaughter of Amaziah Bailey James on October 3, 1888, and they had four children; James Gregory, Edward Fairchild, Curtis Ripley and Anna Dorothea Bradford.", "Q374526": "Porgy and Bess is a 1959 American musical film directed by Otto Preminger. It is based on the 1935 opera Porgy and Bess by George Gershwin, DuBose Heyward, and Ira Gershwin, which is in turn based on Heyward's 1925 novel Porgy, as well as Heyward's subsequent 1927 non-musical stage adaptation, co-written with his wife Dorothy. The screenplay for the film, which turned the operatic recitatives into spoken dialogue, was very closely based on the opera and was written by N. Richard Nash.\nThe project was the last for Samuel Goldwyn. Due to its controversial subject matter, the film was shown only briefly following its initial reserved seat engagements in major cities, where it drew mixed reviews from critics. Two months after its release, Goldwyn grudgingly conceded \"No one is waiting breathlessly for my next picture.\"The movie is not available on home video, and it is unknown if a quality print still exists, prompting it to be considered one of the more prestigious and expensively produced \"missing films.\"In 2011, the film was chosen for inclusion in the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress.", "Q105373": "Paula Braend (1905\u20131989) was a German actress.", "Q362344": "Peeter Sauter (born March 11, 1962 in Tallinn) is an Estonian author, translator and former actor.", "Q52440279": "Spin, sometimes stylized as SPiN, is a 2015 short film drama directed by Noah Workman and written by Wilson Cleveland, who also stars. The film takes place over the course of a contentious live television interview between a Wall Street executive played by Hartley Sawyer and a financial journalist played by Cleveland.", "Q613038": "Enrico Cannio (1874, in Naples \u2013 1949, in Naples) was an Italian musician and composer. He initially received a diploma in piano to become an orchestra conductor; he spent his whole life in Naples, and during his career he worked at three singing schools in the city. He also led three local theater orchestras, at the Eden, the Umberto, and the Trianon. He wrote for the majority of local song publishers, and collaborated with artists such as Libero Bovio, Ernesto Murolo, and Aniello Califano. His most popular song, to a text by Califano, was \"'O surdato 'nnammurato\", published in 1915. Among his other popular songs, to texts or Libero Bovio, were \"A serenata 'e Pulecenella\", \"Tarantella luciana\" and \"Carufanella\".", "Q66606": "Haldenstein is a municipality in the Plessur Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q352287": "Clovis Hugues (November 3, 1851 \u2013 June 11, 1907) was a French poet, journalist, dramatist, novelist, and socialist activist. He wrote some of his works in Proven\u00e7al and un 1898 was elected a majoral of the F\u00e9librige, a society for the promotion of the Occitan language and culture.", "Q247846": "Tatyana Anatoliyevna Dogileva (Russian: \u0422\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0414\u043e\u0301\u0433\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430) is a famous Soviet and Russian film and stage actress, Meritorious Artist of Russia (1989), and People's Artist of Russia (2000).", "Q669794": "The Gw\u00e4chtenhorn is a 3,420 metres high mountain in the Urner Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Bern and Uri. It overlooks the Stein Glacier and the Susten Pass on its north side (Bern) and the Chelen Glacier on its south side (Uri).\nBeing covered by snow from the summit to the bottom, the north side of the Gw\u00e4chtenhorn is much appreciated by skiers.", "Q116469": "Anne Cuneo (6 September 1936 \u2013 11 February 2015) was a Swiss journalist, novelist, theatre and film director and screenwriter.\nShe was born in Paris of Italian parents, but studied in Lausanne. Her first novel came in 1967 and was called Grav\u00e9 au diamant. In 1979 she received the lesser prize of the Schweizerische Schillerstiftung and by 1987 she worked for T\u00e9l\u00e9vision Suisse Romande.Her career spanned four decades and fifteen novels, as well as dozens of plays and scripts for theatre, TV and radio. She died in 2015.\nin 1995 Cuneo's novel Le trajet d\u2019une rivi\u00e8re was awarded the prestigious Prix des Libraires, which celebrates the best novel published in the Francophone world each year.", "Q383810": "Separate Lies is a 2005 British drama film directed by Julian Fellowes, who also wrote the screenplay, updating the 1951 novel A Way Through the Wood by Nigel Balchin, which had already been turned into a stage play under the title Waiting for Gillian in 1954. The film stars Tom Wilkinson, Emily Watson and Rupert Everett. Separate Lies marked the directorial debut of Julian Fellowes, who had worked mostly as an actor and won an Academy Award with his screenplay for Robert Altman's Gosford Park.\n\n", "Q215866": "Valeriu Marcu (Romanian pronunciation: [va\u02c8lerju \u02c8marku]; 8 March 1899 in Bucharest, Romania \u2013 4 July 1942 in New York City, New York) was a Romanian poet, writer and historian. He wrote the first biography of Vladimir Lenin.\nIn his younger years, Marcu was acquainted with both Lenin and Leon Trotsky. During his years in Berlin, Marcu became acquainted with (among other avant-garde literary figures at the time) the Austrian playwright Arnolt Bronnen and the German author Ernst J\u00fcnger, who would remain a lifelong correspondent. He also gave the eulogy at fellow communist Paul Levi's funeral in 1930. Marcu, who was Jewish, migrated from Germany to Austria, and then to France, where he and his wife Eva settled in Nice in 1933. In 1940 Varian Fry helped the family get papers to leave France.", "Q1821872": "Levi Yitzchok of Berditchev (Levi Yitzchok Derbarmdiger (compassionate in Yiddish) or Rosakov) (1740\u20131809), also known as the holy Berdichever, and the Kedushas Levi, was a Hasidic master and Jewish leader. He was the rabbi of Ryczyw\u00f3\u0142, \u017belech\u00f3w, Pinsk and Berdychiv, for which he is best known. He was one of the main disciples of the Maggid of Mezritch, and of his disciple Rabbi Shmelke of Nikolsburg, whom he succeeded as rabbi of Ryczyw\u00f3\u0142.Levi Yitzchok was known as the \"defense attorney\" for the Jewish people (\"Sneiguron Shel Yisroel\"), because he would intercede on their behalf before God. Known for his compassion for every Jew, he was one of the most beloved leaders of Eastern European Jewry. He is considered by some to be the founder of Hasidism in central Poland. And known for his fiery service of God.\nToday, there are several synagogues called Berditshev, of which the rabbis of some are called Berditshever Rebbes.", "Q158060": "William Edward Burghardt Du Bois ( doo-BOYSS; February 23, 1868 \u2013 August 27, 1963) was an American sociologist, socialist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor. Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community, and after completing graduate work at the University of Berlin and Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate, he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University. Due to his contributions in the African-American community he was seen as a member of a Black elite that supported some aspects of eugenics for blacks. Du Bois was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.\nBefore that, Du Bois had risen to national prominence as the leader of the Niagara Movement, a group of African-American activists that wanted equal rights for blacks. Du Bois and his supporters opposed the Atlanta compromise, an agreement crafted by Booker T. Washington which provided that Southern blacks would work and submit to white political rule, while Southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic educational and economic opportunities. Instead, Du Bois insisted on full civil rights and increased political representation, which he believed would be brought about by the African-American intellectual elite. He referred to this group as the Talented Tenth, a concept under the umbrella of Racial uplift, and believed that African Americans needed the chances for advanced education to develop its leadership.\nRacism was the main target of Du Bois's polemics, and he strongly protested against lynching, Jim Crow laws, and discrimination in education and employment. His cause included people of color everywhere, particularly Africans and Asians in colonies. He was a proponent of Pan-Africanism and helped organize several Pan-African Congresses to fight for the independence of African colonies from European powers. Du Bois made several trips to Europe, Africa and Asia. After World War I, he surveyed the experiences of American black soldiers in France and documented widespread prejudice and racism in the United States military.\nDu Bois was a prolific author. His collection of essays, The Souls of Black Folk, is a seminal work in African-American literature; and his 1935 magnum opus, Black Reconstruction in America, challenged the prevailing orthodoxy that blacks were responsible for the failures of the Reconstruction Era. Borrowing a phrase from Frederick Douglass, he popularized the use of the term color line to represent the injustice of the separate but equal doctrine prevalent in American social and political life. He opens The Souls of Black Folk with the central thesis of much of his life's work: \"The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line.\"\nHe wrote one of the first scientific treatises in the field of American sociology, and he published three autobiographies, each of which contains essays on sociology, politics and history. In his role as editor of the NAACP's journal The Crisis, he published many influential pieces. Du Bois believed that capitalism was a primary cause of racism, and he was generally sympathetic to socialist causes throughout his life. He was an ardent peace activist and advocated nuclear disarmament. The United States' Civil Rights Act, embodying many of the reforms for which Du Bois had campaigned his entire life, was enacted a year after his death.", "Q97199": "Luitpold Steidle (12 March 1898, in Ulm \u2013 27 July 1984, in Weimar) was a German army officer and an East German politician. During his political career he belonged to the CDU.He was described by Der Spiegel in 1947 as a \"refreshingly open-minded man with a narrow distinctive face, in his late 40s\".", "Q110018": "G\u00fcnter Helmut Baumann (born 1 August 1947 in Annaberg-Buchholz, Saxony) is a German politician and member of the CDU. An engineer by profession, Baumann has been a member of the Christian Democratic Union (East Germany) since 1972 until that party merged with its West German counterpart in 1990. From 1990 to 1998 he served as the mayor of J\u00f6hstadt. Since 1998, he has been a directly elected member of the Bundestag, representing the constituencies of Annaberg \u2013 Stollberg \u2013 Zschopau (1998-2002), Annaberg \u2013 Aue-Schwarzenberg (2002 - 2009) and Erzgebirgskreis I since 2009.", "Q32257": "Christoph Wilhelm Friedrich Hufeland (12 August 1762, Langensalza \u2013 25 August 1836, Berlin) was a German physician, naturopath and writer. He is famous as the most eminent practical physician of his time in Germany and as the author of numerous works displaying extensive reading and a cultivated critical faculty.", "Q64011": "Lauterbrunnen is a village and a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nThe municipality comprises the major Lauterbrunnen Valley (German: Lauterbrunnental), the Soustal, the Sefinental, the upper Lauterbrunnen Valley with Untersteinberg including several glaciers, such as the Tschingelfirn and the Rottalgletscher, many Alpine meadows and peaks, such as Schilthorn, Bietenhorn, Schwarzm\u00f6nch, and Silberhorn, and finally the villages Lauterbrunnen, Wengen, M\u00fcrren, Gimmelwald, Stechelberg, and Isenfluh, and several hamlets. The population of the village Lauterbrunnen is less than that of Wengen, but larger than that of the others.", "Q339426": "David Carl Turnley (born June 22, 1955) is an American photographer, winner of the Pulitzer Prize, two World Press Photos of the Year, and the Robert Capa Award for Courage.\nHis twin brother Peter Turnley is also a photographer.", "Q232201": "Lawrence White (born December 16, 1974), best known by his stage name 40 Glocc, is an American rapper from Colton, California.", "Q81923": "S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne Royal (pronounced [se.\u0261\u0254.l\u025bn \u0281wa.jal] (listen); born 22 September 1953), is a French politician and former Socialist Party candidate for President of the French Republic.\nShe was President of the Poitou-Charentes Regional Council from 2004 to 2014. She won the 2006 Socialist Party primary, becoming the first woman in France to be nominated as a presidential candidate by a major party. In the subsequent 2007 presidential election, she earned further distinction as the first woman to qualify for the second round of a presidential election, but ultimately lost to Nicolas Sarkozy.\nIn 2008, Royal narrowly lost to Martine Aubry in the Socialist Party's election for First Secretary at the Party's twenty-second national congress. She lost the Socialist Party presidential primary in 2011, and failed in an attempt to win a seat in the National Assembly in the June 2012 parliamentary elections.\nFran\u00e7ois Hollande, the former President, is the father of her four children. She was appointed by him to the vice-Chair directorship of the Banque Publique d'Investissement (BPI) in 2013. She served as Minister for Ecology from 2014 to 2017, in the Valls, then Cazeneuve cabinets.", "Q370026": "Percy Herbert (31 July 1920 \u2013 6 December 1992) was an English actor. He worked predominantly from the 1950s into the 1970s and became one of the most recognisable faces in post-war British cinema.", "Q4725151": "Ali Rowghani (Persian: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646\u06cc\u200e, born 21 January 1973) is an Iranian-born American businessman.He was raised in Dallas, Texas, where he attended the St. Mark's School of Texas, graduating in 1991. He then graduated from Stanford University.\nRowghani worked in finance at Pixar for nine years, serving as Chief Financial Officer between 2002 and 2008. He helped with the restructuring of Disney Animation with the entrance of John Lasseter and Ed Catmull. In 2008, he left Pixar to become CFO for Twitter, a post he held for four years until he became Twitter's Chief operating officer. He left Twitter in 2014.In November 2014, Rowghani joined Y Combinator as a part-time partner focusing on helping YC alumni scale their companies. He launched Continuity, a $700 million investment growth-stage fund, which was closed in 2015. He is now a managing partner of YC Continuity at Y Combinator.", "Q120865": "Adolf Gasser (1903\u20131985) was a Swiss historian.", "Q377991": "Harold Lloyd Nicholas (March 17, 1921 \u2013 July 3, 2000) was an American dancer specializing in tap. Nicholas was the younger half of the tap-dancing pair the Nicholas Brothers, known as two of the world's greatest dancers. His older brother was Fayard Nicholas. Nicholas starred in the MGM musicals An All-Colored Vaudeville Show (1935), Stormy Weather (1943), The Pirate (1948). and The Five Heartbeats (1991).", "Q448090": "Carry On Up the Khyber is a 1968 British comedy film, the 16th in the series of 31 Carry On films (1958\u20131992). It stars Carry On regulars Sid James, Kenneth Williams, Charles Hawtrey, Joan Sims, Bernard Bresslaw and Peter Butterworth. It is the final of two Carry On film appearances by Wanda Ventham and Roy Castle makes his only Carry On appearance in the romantic male lead part usually played by Jim Dale. Angela Douglas makes her fourth and final appearance in the series. Terry Scott returned to the series after his minor role in the first film of the series, Carry On Sergeant a decade earlier. The film is, in part, a spoof of Kiplingesque movies and television series about life in the British Raj, both contemporary and from earlier, Hollywood, periods. The title is a play on words in the risqu\u00e9 Carry On tradition, with \"Khyber\" (short for \"Khyber Pass\") being rhyming slang for \"arse\".\n\n", "Q65469": "Verdabbio is a former municipality in the district of Moesa in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Leggia and Verdabbio merged into the municipality of Grono.", "Q179910": "V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p (Vietnamese: [v\u0254\u030c\u02c0 \u014b\u02b7\u012b\u0259n z\u01ce\u02d0p]; 25 August 1911 \u2013 4 October 2013) was a general in the Vietnam People's Army and a politician. V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p is considered one of the greatest military strategists of the 20th century. He first grew to prominence during World War II, where he served as the military leader of the Viet Minh resistance against the Japanese occupation of Vietnam and also as Defence Minister & Deputy Prime Minister for nearly 44 years. Gi\u00e1p was a crucial military commander in two wars: the First Indochina War of 1946\u20131954, and the Vietnam War of 1955\u20131975, participating in several historically significant battles: Cao B\u1eb1ng in 1950, H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh in 1951\u20131952, \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 in 1954, the T\u1ebft Offensive in 1968, the Easter Offensive in 1972, and the final Ho Chi Minh Campaign of 1975.\nGi\u00e1p had no direct military training and was a history teacher at a French-speaking academy, influenced by historical military leaders and personally citing T. E. Lawrence and Napoleon as his two greatest influences. \nHe would later earn the moniker \"Red Napoleon\" by some Western sources.Gi\u00e1p was also a journalist, an interior minister in President H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh's Vi\u1ec7t Minh government, the military commander of the Viet Minh, the commander of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), and a defense minister. He also served as a member of the Politburo of the Vietnam Workers' Party, which in 1976 became the Communist Party of Vietnam.\nGi\u00e1p was a mastermind military builder; during the First Indochina War, he had transformed a rag-tag band of rebels to a 'fine light-infantry army' fielding cryptography, artillery and advanced logistics and capable of challenging a larger, modernised French Far East Expeditionary Corps and the Vietnamese National Army. He was also a very effective logistician, laying the foundation of the Ho Chi Minh trail, recognised as one of the great feats of military engineering of the 20th century.V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p served as Military Minister and Chief of Staff, and is often credited with North Vietnam's military victory over South Vietnam and the US during the Vietnam War. Recent scholarship indicates other leaders had played more prominent roles, with former subordinates and now rivals V\u0103n Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng and Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Th\u00e1i assuming a more direct military responsibility than Gi\u00e1p. Nevertheless, he played a pivotal role in the second transformation of the PAVN into \"one of the largest, most formidable\" mechanised and combined-arms fighting force capable of delivering a knockout blow to an increasingly more powerful rival Army of the Republic of Vietnam in conventional warfare.", "Q299684": "Claire Louise Rushbrook (born 25 August 1971) is an English actress.", "Q1783148": "The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) is a public research university in Huntsville, Alabama. The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral degrees, and comprises nine colleges: arts, humanities & social sciences; business; education; engineering; honors; nursing; professional & continuing studies; science; and graduate. The university's enrollment is approximately 9,700.\nUAH is one of three members of the University of Alabama System, which includes the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. All three institutions operate independently, with only the president of each university reporting to the Board of Trustees of the system.", "Q12839": "Cem \u00d6zdemir (German: [\u02ccd\u0292\u025bm \u02c8\u0294\u0153zd\u025bmi\u02d0\u0250\u032f], Turkish: [d\u0292\u00e6m \u02c8\u0153zdemi\u027e]; born 21 December 1965) is a German politician of the German political party Alliance '90/The Greens.\nBetween 2008 and 2018, \u00d6zdemir served as co-chair of the Green Party, together with Claudia Roth and later Simone Peter. He has been a Member of the German Bundestag since 2013 and he was a Member of the German Bundestag between 1994 and 2002 and of the European Parliament between 2004 and 2009. He was standing as one of the top two Greens candidates for the 2017 German federal election. Since 2018, he has been serving as Chairman of the Committee on Transport.", "Q2215841": "Cycle sport is competitive physical activity using bicycles. There are several categories of bicycle racing including road bicycle racing, time trialling, cyclo-cross, mountain bike racing, track cycling, BMX, and cycle speedway. Non-racing cycling sports include artistic cycling, cycle polo, freestyle BMX and mountain bike trials. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) is the world governing body for cycling and international competitive cycling events. The International Human Powered Vehicle Association is the governing body for human-powered vehicles that imposes far fewer restrictions on their design than does the UCI. The UltraMarathon Cycling Association is the governing body for many ultra-distance cycling races.\nBicycle racing is recognised as an Olympic sport. Bicycle races are popular all over the world, especially in Europe. The countries most devoted to bicycle racing include Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland. Other countries with international standing include Australia, Luxembourg, United Kingdom, United States and Colombia.", "Q187364": "Robert Lee Zemeckis (; born May 14, 1952) is an American director, film producer and screenwriter frequently credited as an innovator in visual effects. He first came to public attention in the 1980s as the director of Romancing the Stone (1984) and the science-fiction comedy Back to the Future film trilogy, as well as the live-action/animated comedy Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988). In the 1990s, he directed Death Becomes Her and then diversified into more dramatic fare, including 1994's Forrest Gump, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director; the film itself won Best Picture. The films he has directed have ranged across a wide variety of genres, for both adults and families.\nZemeckis' films are characterized by an interest in state-of-the-art special effects, including the early use of the insertion of computer graphics into live-action footage in Back to the Future Part II (1989) and Forrest Gump, and the pioneering performance capture techniques seen in The Polar Express (2004), Monster House (2006), Beowulf (2007), A Christmas Carol (2009), and Welcome to Marwen (2018). Though Zemeckis has often been pigeonholed as a director interested only in special effects, his work has been defended by several critics including David Thomson, who wrote that \"No other contemporary director has used special effects to more dramatic and narrative purpose.\"", "Q92787": "Maurice Karnaugh (; born 4 October 1924) is an American physicist, mathematician and inventor known for the Karnaugh map used in Boolean algebra.", "Q323318": "Dark Shadows is a 2012 American fantasy horror comedy film based on the gothic television soap opera of the same name. It was directed by Tim Burton and stars Johnny Depp, Michelle Pfeiffer, Helena Bonham Carter, Eva Green, Jackie Earle Haley, Jonny Lee Miller, Chlo\u00eb Grace Moretz, and Bella Heathcote in a dual role. The film had a limited release on May 10, 2012, and was officially released the following day in the United States.The film performed disappointingly at the United States box office, but did well in foreign markets. The film received mixed reviews; critics praised its visual style and consistent humor but felt it lacked a focused or substantial plot and developed characters. The film was produced by Richard D. Zanuck, who died two months after its release. It featured the final appearance of original series actor Jonathan Frid, who died shortly before its release. It was the 200th film appearance of actor Christopher Lee, and his fifth appearance in a Burton film.", "Q20135": "The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine (German: Gro\u00dfherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein) was a grand duchy in western Germany that existed from 1806 (the period of German mediatization) to the end of the German Empire in 1918. The grand duchy originally formed on the basis of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806 as the Grand Duchy of Hesse (German: Gro\u00dfherzogtum Hessen). After the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, it changed its name in 1816 to distinguish itself from the Electorate of Hesse, which had formed from neighboring Hesse-Kassel. Colloquially, the grand duchy continued to be known by its former name of Hesse-Darmstadt. It joined the German Empire in 1871 and became a republic after German defeat in World War I in 1918.", "Q362422": "Vincent Neil Wharton (born February 8, 1961) is an American musician. He is best known as the lead vocalist of heavy metal band M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce which he co-founded in 1981, but he has also released three albums as a solo artist. Possessing a distinctive voice and flamboyant stage persona, Neil is also known for his turbulent personal life which has led to multiple arrests and convictions, including one for vehicular manslaughter.", "Q82594": "A computer scientist is a person who has acquired the knowledge of computer science, the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their application.Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computer systems, as opposed to the hardware side on which computer engineers mainly focus (although there is overlap). Although computer scientists can also focus their work and research on specific areas (such as algorithm and data structure development and design, software engineering, information theory, database theory, computational complexity theory, numerical analysis, programming language theory, computer graphics, and computer vision), their foundation is the theoretical study of computing from which these other fields derive.A primary goal of computer scientists is to develop or validate models, often mathematical, to describe the properties of computer-based systems (processors, programs, computers interacting with people, computers interacting with other computers, etc.) with an overall objective of discovering designs that yield useful benefits (faster, smaller, cheaper, more precise, etc.).\n\n", "Q198244": "Zhuozhou (Chinese: \u6dbf\u5dde; pinyin: Zhu\u014dzh\u014du), is a county-level city with 628,000 inhabitants in Hebei province, bordering Beijing to the north. It is administered by Baoding prefecture-level city. Zhuozhou has 3 subdistricts, 6 towns, 5 townships, and 1 development zone.", "Q538205": "Michele Serra (born 10 July 1954) is an Italian writer, journalist and satirist.", "Q181715": "Th\u00e9r\u00e8se of Lisieux (French: sainte Th\u00e9r\u00e8se de Lisieux), born Marie Fran\u00e7oise-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Martin (2 January 1873 \u2013 30 September 1897), also known as Saint Th\u00e9r\u00e8se of the Child Jesus and the Holy Face, was a French Catholic Discalced Carmelite nun who is widely venerated in modern times. She is popularly known as \"The Little Flower of Jesus\", or simply \"The Little Flower.\u201d\nTh\u00e9r\u00e8se has been a highly influential model of sanctity for Catholics and for others because of the simplicity and practicality of her approach to the spiritual life. Together with Francis of Assisi, she is one of the most popular saints in the history of the church. Pope Pius X called her \"the greatest saint of modern times\".Th\u00e9r\u00e8se felt an early call to religious life, and overcoming various obstacles, in 1888 at the early age of 15, she became a nun and joined two of her older sisters in the cloistered Carmelite community of Lisieux, Normandy (yet another sister, C\u00e9line, also later joined the order). After nine years as a Carmelite religious, having fulfilled various offices such as sacristan and assistant to the novice mistress, and having spent her last eighteen months in Carmel in a night of faith (a time when she is said to have felt Jesus was absent and when she even felt tormented by doubts about the existence of God), Th\u00e9r\u00e8se died at the age of 24, from tuberculosis.\nHer feast day in the General Roman Calendar was 3 October from 1927 until it was moved in 1969 to 1 October. Th\u00e9r\u00e8se is well known throughout the world, with the Basilica of Lisieux being the second most popular place of pilgrimage in France after Lourdes.", "Q612440": "Pietro Maria Bardi (La Spezia, February 21, 1900 \u2013 S\u00e3o Paulo, October 10, 1999) was an Italian writer, curator and collector, mostly known for being the Founding Director of the S\u00e3o Paulo Museum of Art in Brazil.\nBardi started his career in the 1920s as a journalist, writing about art and architecture for newspapers like Gazzetta di Genova and Corriere della Sera.\nHe visited Brazil for the first time in 1933 and permanently relocated in S\u00e3o Paulo in 1946 with his wife, architect Lina Bo Bardi. In 1947 he co-founded with Assis Chateaubriand the S\u00e3o Paulo Museum of Art, whom he directed until 1996, stirring the Brazilian artistic community with his ideas about popularizing museums by making both modern and classical art more accessible. Hand-in-hand with this idea, he and his wife, Lina Bo Bardi, developed the concept of an open, wide exhibition space where paintings were fixed to acrylic pedestals, thus making the whole space visible at once and the works seemingly suspended in space. The substitution of traditional walls for the acrylic pedestals became a big point of debate.\nHe died in S\u00e3o Paulo in 1999, four months before his 100th birthday.", "Q113277": "Johann \"Hans\" Kudlich (October 23, 1823 \u2013 November 10, 1917\n) (Americanized as John) was an Austrian political activist, Austrian legislator, American immigrant, writer, and physician.\n\n", "Q163948": "The 10th arrondissement of Paris (Xe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as dixi\u00e8me (\"10th arrondissement of Paris\" = \"dixi\u00e8me arrondissement de Paris\").\nThe arrondissement, called Entrep\u00f4t (warehouse), is situated on the right bank of the River Seine. The arrondissement contains two of Paris's six main railway stations: the Gare du Nord and the Gare de l'Est. Built during the 19th century, these two termini are among the busiest in Europe.\nThe 10th arrondissement also contains a large portion of the Canal Saint-Martin, linking the northeastern parts of Paris with the River Seine.", "Q942652": "Vincenzo Talarico (28 April 1909 \u2013 16 August 1972), was an Italian screenwriter and film actor. He wrote for 27 films between 1940 and 1966. He also appeared in 15 films between 1946 and 1964. He was born in Acri, Italy and died in Fiuggi, Italy.", "Q39464": "Pol Pot (born Saloth S\u00e2r; 19 May 1925 \u2013 15 April 1998) was a Cambodian revolutionary and politician who governed Cambodia as the Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea between 1975 and 1979. Ideologically a Marxist\u2013Leninist and Khmer nationalist, he was a leading member of Cambodia's communist movement, the Khmer Rouge, from 1963 until 1997 and served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea from 1963 to 1981. Under his administration, Cambodia was converted into a one-party communist state governed according to Pol Pot's interpretation of Marxism\u2013Leninism.\nBorn to a prosperous farmer in Prek Sbauv, French Cambodia, Pol Pot was educated at some of Cambodia's elite schools. While in Paris during the 1940s, he joined the French Communist Party. Returning to Cambodia in 1953, he involved himself in the Marxist\u2013Leninist Khmer Vi\u1ec7t Minh organisation and its guerrilla war against King Norodom Sihanouk's newly independent government. Following the Khmer Vi\u1ec7t Minh's 1954 retreat into Marxist\u2013Leninist controlled North Vietnam, Pol Pot returned to Phnom Penh, working as a teacher while remaining a central member of Cambodia's Marxist\u2013Leninist movement. In 1959, he helped formalise the movement into the Kampuchean Labour Party, which was later renamed the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK). To avoid state repression, in 1962 he relocated to a jungle encampment and in 1963 became the CPK's leader. In 1968, he re-launched the war against Sihanouk's government. After Lon Nol deposed Sihanouk in a 1970 coup, Pol Pot's forces sided with the deposed leader against Lon Nol's government, which was bolstered by the United States military. Aided by the Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng militia and North Vietnamese troops, Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge forces advanced and controlled all of Cambodia by 1975.\nPol Pot transformed Cambodia into a one-party state called Democratic Kampuchea. Seeking to create an agrarian socialist society that he believed would evolve into a communist society, Pol Pot's government forcibly relocated the urban population to the countryside to work on collective farms. Pursuing complete egalitarianism, money was abolished and all citizens made to wear the same black clothing. Those the Khmer Rouge regarded as enemies were killed. These mass killings, coupled with malnutrition and poor medical care, killed between 1.5 and 2 million people, approximately a quarter of Cambodia's population, a period later termed the Cambodian genocide. Repeated purges of the CPK generated growing discontent; by 1978 Cambodian soldiers were mounting a rebellion in the east. After several years of border clashes, the newly unified Vietnam invaded Cambodia in December 1978, toppling Pol Pot and installing a rival Marxist\u2013Leninist government in 1979. The Khmer Rouge retreated to the jungles near the Thai border, from where they continued to fight. In declining health, Pol Pot stepped back from many of his roles in the movement. In 1998 the Khmer Rouge commander Ta Mok placed Pol Pot under house arrest, shortly after which he died.\nTaking power in Cambodia at the height of Marxism\u2013Leninism's global impact, Pol Pot proved divisive among the international communist movement. Many claimed he deviated from orthodox Marxism\u2013Leninism although China backed his government as a bulwark against Soviet influence in Southeast Asia. For his supporters, he was a champion of Cambodian sovereignty in the face of Vietnamese imperialism and stood against the Marxist revisionism of the Soviet Union. Conversely, he has been internationally denounced for his role in the Cambodian genocide, regarded as a totalitarian dictator guilty of crimes against humanity.", "Q816565": "Paul Benjamin Mendelsohn (born 3 April 1969) is an Australian actor, who first rose to prominence in Australia for his breakout role in The Year My Voice Broke (1987).\nSince then he has had roles in films such as The Dark Knight Rises (2012), Starred Up (2013), Mississippi Grind (2015), Rogue One (2016), Darkest Hour (2017) and Steven Spielberg's Ready Player One (2018). In 2017, he joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Talos in Captain Marvel (2019) and Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019).\nMendelsohn starred in the Netflix original series Bloodline (2015\u20132017), for which he received a Golden Globe nomination and won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series.", "Q92793": "R\u00f3bert Szelepcs\u00e9nyi (Slovak pronunciation: [\u02c8\u027e\u0254\u02d0b\u025b\u027et \u02c8s\u025bl\u025bpt\u0283\u025b\u02d0\u0272i]; born 19 August 1966, \u017dilina) is a Slovak computer scientist of Hungarian descent and a member of the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics of Comenius University in Bratislava.\nHis results on the closure of non-deterministic space under complement, independently obtained in 1987 also by Neil Immerman (the result known as the Immerman\u2013Szelepcs\u00e9nyi theorem), brought the G\u00f6del Prize of ACM and EATCS to both of them in 1995.", "Q71408": "Fritz Leonhardt (12 July 1909 \u2013 30 December 1999) was a German structural engineer who made major contributions to 20th-century bridge engineering, especially in the development of cable-stayed bridges. His book Bridges: Aesthetics and Design is well known throughout the bridge engineering community.", "Q334670": "Theodore Anthony Nugent (; born December 13, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist and political activist. Nugent initially gained fame as the lead guitarist of The Amboy Dukes, a band formed in 1963 that played psychedelic rock and hard rock. After dissolving the Amboy Dukes, he embarked on a solo career. Nugent is known for his Gibson Byrdland, his bluesy and frenzied guitar playing and his energetic live shows. Despite possessing a distinctive, wide ranging singing voice, Nugent recorded and toured with other singers during much of his early solo career, including Derek St. Holmes and Meat Loaf.In later years, Nugent drew attention for his outspoken conservative political views, as well as his strident advocacy of hunting and gun ownership rights. He is a board member of the National Rifle Association and a strong supporter of the Republican Party. He has made a number of controversial and threatening statements against advocates of gun control; in one case, the Secret Service investigated him based on comments about President Barack Obama.\n\n", "Q1075485": "So So Def Recordings is an American record label based in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, and owned by producer Jermaine Dupri, specializing in Southern hip hop, R&B, and bass music. So So Def has managed artists such as Bow Wow, Kris Kross, TLC, and Usher.", "Q511683": "Narathu (Burmese: \u1014\u101b\u101e\u1030, pronounced [n\u0259\u0279\u0259\u00f0\u00f9]; 1118\u20131171) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1167 to 1171. Narahthu ascended the throne after murdering his father King Alaungsithu and his elder brother Min Shin Saw. Narathu built the largest of all the Pagan temples, the Dhammayangyi. Nonetheless, his conduct greatly lowered the prestige of the dynasty, and he was deeply disfavored. The king was assassinated by the mercenaries sent by the chief of Pateikkaya in 1171.", "Q76367": "Martin Ludwig Bormann (17 June 1900 \u2013 2 May 1945) was a German Nazi Party official and head of the Nazi Party Chancellery. He gained immense power by using his position as Adolf Hitler's private secretary to control the flow of information and access to Hitler. After Hitler's suicide on 30 April 1945, he was Party Minister of the National Socialist German Workers' Party.\nBormann joined a paramilitary Freikorps organisation in 1922 while working as manager of a large estate. He served nearly a year in prison as an accomplice to his friend Rudolf H\u00f6ss (later commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp) in the murder of Walther Kadow. Bormann joined the Nazi Party in 1927 and the Schutzstaffel (SS) in 1937. He initially worked in the party's insurance service, and transferred in July 1933 to the office of Deputy F\u00fchrer Rudolf Hess, where he served as chief of staff.\nBormann used his position to create an extensive bureaucracy and involve himself as much as possible in the decision making. He gained acceptance into Hitler's inner circle, and accompanied him everywhere, providing briefings and summaries of events and requests. He began acting as Hitler's personal secretary on 12 August 1935. Bormann assumed Hess' former duties, with the title of Head of the Parteikanzlei (Party Chancellery), after Hess' solo flight to Britain on 10 May 1941 to seek peace negotiations with the British government. He had final approval over civil service appointments, reviewed and approved legislation, and by 1943 had de facto control over all domestic matters. Bormann was one of the leading proponents of the ongoing persecution of the Christian churches and favoured harsh treatment of Jews and Slavs in the areas conquered by Germany during World War II.\nBormann returned with Hitler to the F\u00fchrerbunker in Berlin on 16 January 1945 as the Red Army approached the city. After Hitler committed suicide, Bormann and others attempted to flee Berlin on 2 May to avoid capture by the Soviets. Bormann probably committed suicide on a bridge near Lehrter station. His body was buried nearby on 8 May 1945, but was not found and confirmed as Bormann's until 1973; the identification was reaffirmed in 1998 by DNA tests. The missing Bormann was tried in absentia by the International Military Tribunal in the Nuremberg trials of 1945 and 1946. He was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity and sentenced to death by hanging.", "Q1255921": "The president is a leader of an organization, company, community, club, trade union, university or other group. The relationship between the president and the chief executive officer varies, depending on the structure of the specific organization. In a similar vein to the chief operating officer, the title of corporate president as a separate position (as opposed to being combined with a \"C-Suite\" designation, such as \"President and Chief Executive Officer\" or \"President and Chief Operating Officer\") is also loosely defined; the president is usually the legally recognized highest rank of corporate officer, ranking above the various vice presidents (including senior vice president and executive vice president), but on its own generally considered subordinate, in practice, to the CEO. The powers of the president vary widely across organizations and such powers come from specific authorization in the bylaws like Robert's Rules of Order (e.g. the president can make an \"executive decision\" only if the bylaws allow for it).", "Q236715": "Ami Koshimizu (\u5c0f\u6e05\u6c34 \u4e9c\u7f8e, Koshimizu Ami, born February 15, 1986) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer. She was born in Tokyo. She was previously represented by Production Baobab until 2011. She voices in a number of lead roles in Japanese anime including: Nadja Applefield in Ashita no Nadja, Leonmitchelli Galette Des Rois in Dog Days, Yumi Hoshino in KimiKiss: Pure Rouge, Takuto Hasegawa in Magician's Academy, Hibiki Hojo / Cure Melody in Suite PreCure, Nanaka Yatsushiro in Myself ; Yourself, Himari Noihara in Omamori Himari, Sailor Jupiter in Sailor Moon Crystal, Nodoka Haramura in Saki, Tenma Tsukamoto in School Rumble, Holo in Spice and Wolf, and Hibiki Hojo/Cure Melody in Suite PreCure. In 2007, she was awarded Best Actress in a supporting role at the 1st Seiyu Awards for her role as Kallen Stadtfeld in Code Geass. In 2014, she visited Anime Expo as a guest of honor to promote Kill la Kill as starring character Ryuko Matoi. In video games she voices Agn\u00e8s Oblige in Bravely Default, Ibuki Mioda in Danganronpa, Mai Shiranui since KOF Sky Stage, Mist in Rune Factory, Rimurisu in Tears to Tiara, Rinka in the Atelier series, Rosa Ushiromiya in Umineko: When They Cry, Tsuruhime in Sengoku Basara, and Yukiko Amagi in Persona 4. On February 28, 2018, Koshimizu left Axlone agency and announced that she now works as a freelancer. She is also the famous dubbing roles in Thailand films, especially voice dub for Yanin Vismitananda.\n\n", "Q77079": "Jean Paul (German: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 pa\u028al]; born Johann Paul Friedrich Richter, 21 March 1763 \u2013 14 November 1825) was a German Romantic writer, best known for his humorous novels and stories.", "Q155236": "Udo J\u00fcrgens (born J\u00fcrgen Udo Bockelmann; 30 September 1934 \u2013 21 December 2014) was an Austrian composer and singer of popular music whose career spanned over fifty years. He won the Eurovision Song Contest 1966 for Austria, composed close to 1,000 songs, and sold over 100 million records. In 2007 he additionally obtained Swiss citizenship.He is credited with broadening German-language pop music beyond the traditional postwar \"Schlager\" (hit song) in the 1950s by infusing it with a modern pop appeal and French chanson style. His compositions and arrangements attracted fans of all ages. Until his death at age 80 he continued to fill venues in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.\n\n", "Q70716": "Fieschertal is a village and municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Besides the village of Fieschertal, the municipality includes the nearby hamlets of Wichul, Zer Flie and Wirbul.", "Q48289": "Sudha Chandran (born 27 September 1965) is an Indian film and television actress and an accomplished Bharatanatyam dancer. In 1981, she hurt her leg in a road accident near Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu while coming back from Madras with her parents. Her leg became gangrenous and her parents opted to have it amputated. However, she subsequently became an established Bharatnatyam dancer. Chandran is known for her roles of Ramola Sikand in Kaahin Kissii Roz, Yamini in Naagin 1, 2 & 3, Chitradevi in Deivam Thandha Veedu, the Tamil remake of Saath Nibhana Saathiya and Anand's first wife in Hum Paanch (Season two). She was a contestant in Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa. In 1985, she acted in the Telugu film Mayuri. She can speak English, Tamil, Malayalam, Hindi, Telugu and Kannada fluently.", "Q889523": "Lloyd Crow Stark (November 23, 1886 \u2013 September 17, 1972) was the 39th Governor of the U.S. state of Missouri. He was a Democrat.", "Q64763": "Dietwil is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q3056425": "Eric Magnus Campbell Tigerstedt (August 14, 1887 \u2013 April 20, 1925) was one of the most significant inventors in Finland at the beginning of the 20th century and has been called the \"Thomas Edison of Finland\". He was a pioneer of sound-on-film technology and made significant improvements to the amplification capacity of the vacuum valve. Having seen a showing of the Lumi\u00e8re brothers' new motion picture technology as a 9-year-old boy in Helsinki in 1896, he was inspired to bring sound to silent pictures.\nMany years later, in 1914, his demonstration film Word and Picture was presented to a gathering of scientific dignitaries in Berlin, but his invention was never commercialised. In addition to improving the triode vacuum valve, he developed directional loudspeakers. Tigerstedt also predicted such future inventions as television and the mobile phone, and in 1917 he filed a patent for what he described as a \"pocket-size folding telephone with a very thin carbon microphone\". Tigerstedt was awarded a total of 71 patents in several countries between the years 1912 and 1924.", "Q118336": "Kurt Gribl (born August 29, 1964 Augsburg, Germany) is the Mayor of Augsburg, Bavaria, an office he has held since May 1, 2008. He is a member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.", "Q117005": "Philippe Nicolet (born January 4, 1953 in Lausanne), is a Swiss film director of both documentaries and fiction. Journalist and scriptwriter, he was the first editor-in-chief of the Lausanne television station before embarking on a project tracing the history of relations between Switzerland and the European Union for the Jean Monnet Foundation, of which Professor Henri Rieben was the president. In addition to documentary footage filmed in some fifty countries, he became known for his hundreds of interviews of political, scientific and artistic personages. In 2006, Nicolet began creating 3D films.", "Q319084": "Alan Stuart Franken (born May 21, 1951) is an American comedian, politician, media personality, and author who served as a United States senator from Minnesota from 2009 to 2018. He became well known in the 1970s and 1980s as a staff writer and performer on the television comedy show Saturday Night Live. After decades as a comedic actor and writer, he became a prominent liberal political activist, hosting The Al Franken Show on Air America Radio.\nFranken was first elected to the United States Senate in 2008 as the nominee of the Minnesota Democratic\u2013Farmer\u2013Labor Party (DFL, an affiliate of the Democratic Party), defeating incumbent Republican Senator Norm Coleman by 312 votes out of nearly three million cast (a margin of just over 0.01%). He won reelection in 2014 with 53.2% of the vote over Republican challenger Mike McFadden. Franken resigned on January 2, 2018, after several allegations of sexual misconduct were made against him.\nIn September 2019, Franken announced he will be hosting The Al Franken Show Saturday mornings on SiriusXM radio. It will cover topics such as global affairs, politics, the 2020 presidential election, and entertainment.\n\n", "Q2986623": "Roton is an independent Romanian record label established in 1994.The company has around 100 employees, having offices in Bucharest, Ia\u0219i, Cluj and Timi\u0219oara. The turnover in 2007 was \u20ac4 million. In 2011, Roton Records entered into a licensing deal with Warner Music Group for some of its most popular artists and their catalogue. In October 2015, Warner Music and Roton extended their distribution deal to include Latin America.Roton represents several well-known Romanian artists, such as Iris, Holograf, Proconsul, Akcent, Inna, Mihai Tr\u0103istariu and Alexandra Stan.", "Q1093666": "Marc Ren\u00e9, marquis de Montalembert (16 July 1714 \u2013 29 March 1800) was a French military engineer and writer, known for his work on fortifications.", "Q222760": "2PM (Korean: \ud22c\ud53c\uc5e0) is a South Korean boy band formed by JYP Entertainment. The current members are Jun. K (formerly known as Junsu), Nichkhun, Taecyeon, Wooyoung, Junho and Chansung. Former leader Jaebeom officially left the band in early 2010.\nThe history of 2PM started when Korean musician Park Jin-young formed an eleven-member band known as One Day. Eventually the band was split into 2PM and a similar but independent group known as 2AM. 2PM debuted with the song \"10 Jeom Manjeome 10 Jeom\" (10\uc810 \ub9cc\uc810\uc5d0 10\uc810, lit. \"10 Points Out of 10 Points\"), which showcased their acrobatic dance styles. They achieved their first number 1 single with \"Again & Again\". Both singles featured on their first studio album, 01:59PM, released in 2009. The band went on to release another Korean album, known as Hands Up, in 2011. They made their Japanese debut later that year with Republic of 2PM. After more than a year, the group returned in 2013 with their third studio album Grown. In early September 2014, 2PM returned with their fourth studio album Go Crazy. On 15 June 2015, 2PM made a comeback with their fifth studio album No.5. After much anticipation 2PM returned on 13 September 2016 with their sixth studio album Gentlemen's Game.\nSince July 2017, the group has been on an official hiatus.", "Q502199": "Hiratsuka (\u5e73\u585a\u5e02, Hiratsuka-shi) is a city located in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.\nAs of April 1, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 257,877, with 109,020 households, and a population density of 3,800 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 67.88 km\u00b2.", "Q297865": "Caroline Cossey (born 31 August 1954) is a British model. She has appeared in the 1981 James Bond film For Your Eyes Only. Following her appearance in the film, she was outed as transgender by British tabloid News of the World. In 1991, she became the first trans woman to pose for Playboy. Cossey has since then fought for her right to legally marry and be legally recognised as a woman.", "Q193305": "Estoril (Portuguese pronunciation: [(\u0268)\u0283tu\u02c8\u027ei\u026b]) is a town in the Municipality of Cascais, Portugal, on the Portuguese Riviera. Estoril is famed as a luxury entertainment destination on the Portuguese Riviera, as home of the Casino Estoril. Estoril is one of the most expensive places to live in Portugal and the Iberian Peninsula. It is home to a sizable foreign expat community and known for its luxury restaurants, hotels, and entertainment.. Cascais is consistently ranked for its high quality of living, making it one of the most livable places in Portugal.Estoril is a major international tourist destination in Portugal, known for its luxury hotels, beaches, and the Casino Estoril. Famed for having been home of numerous royal families and famous personalities, Estoril is also known for the numerous notable events it hosts, such as the Estoril Open and the Lisbon & Estoril Film Festival.", "Q14284": "A solicitor is a legal practitioner who traditionally deals with most of the legal matters in some jurisdictions. A person must have legally-defined qualifications, which vary from one jurisdiction to another, to be described as a solicitor and enabled to practise there as such. For example, in England and Wales a solicitor is admitted to practise under the provisions of the Solicitors Act 1974. With some exceptions, practising solicitors must possess a practising certificate. There are many more solicitors than barristers in England; they undertake the general aspects of giving legal advice and conducting legal proceedings.In the jurisdictions of England and Wales and in Northern Ireland, in the Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland, Hong Kong, South Africa (where they are called attorneys) and the Republic of Ireland, the legal profession is split between solicitors and barristers (called advocates in some countries, for example Scotland), and a lawyer will usually only hold one of the two titles. However, in Canada, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore and the remaining Australian states and territories, the legal profession is now for practical purposes \"fused\", allowing lawyers to hold the title of \"barrister and solicitor\" and practise as both. Some legal graduates will start off as one and then also qualify as the other.", "Q467701": "Laureano Eleuterio G\u00f3mez Castro (20 February 1889 \u2013 13 July 1965) was a Colombian politician and civil engineer who served the 18th President of Colombia from 1950 to 1953. In November 1951 poor health led him to cede presidential power to Roberto Urdaneta Arbelaez. On 13 June 1953, when he tried to resume his presidency, he was overthrown in a military coup led by Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. During the three decades prior to being elected president, G\u00f3mez was a radical leader of the Conservative Party and is widely considered to be one of the most brilliant and potent orators of the Congress of Colombia. However, he remains a controversial figure because of his sympathy for authoritarian regimes and the dictatorial nature of his government.", "Q72667": "Rainer Ortleb (born Gera 5 June 1944) is German academic and politician.\nFrom October 1990 he served under Helmut Kohl as a minister without portfolio in Germany's first post-reunification government. In the next government, between 1991 and 1994, he served as Minister of Education and Science.", "Q436228": "Pawe\u0142 Mykietyn (born May 20, 1971, O\u0142awa) is a Polish composer and clarinetist.\nBy the year 2012, Mykietyn had written two symphonies, cello, piano and violin concertos, St. Marc Passions for soprano, narrator, choir and orchestra, some chamber music and musical King Lear. As a film composer he collaborated with Andrzej Wajda in Sweet Rush (2009), Jerzy Skolimowski in Essential Killing, and Ma\u0142gorzata Szumowska in It.", "Q96293": "Bernd Althusmann (German pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u025b\u0281nt \u02c8alth\u028asman]; born 3 December 1966 in Oldenburg) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Since November 2017, he has been serving as Deputy Minister-President and State Minister for Economic Affairs in the government of Minister-President Stephan Weil.", "Q786553": "Michael Cuscuna (born September 20, 1949 in Stamford, Connecticut) is an American jazz record producer and writer. He is a leading discographer of Blue Note Records.\nCuscuna played drums, saxophone and flute while young, but placed his emphasis on starting his own record label. He had a jazz show on WXPN and worked for ESP-Disk late in the 1960s, in addition to writing for Jazz & Pop Magazine and Down Beat. He moved from WXPN to WMMR in 1970, then onto WABC-FM (now WPLJ) as a progressive rock DJ at both stations. He took a position as a producer with Atlantic Records in the 1970s, recording Dave Brubeck and the Art Ensemble of Chicago. Not forgetting his popular music interests, in the early 1970s he also produced albums by Bonnie Raitt (Give It Up) and Chris Smither. He also worked at Motown, ABC (doing reissues of Impulse! albums), Arista, Muse, Freedom, Elektra and Novus. From 1975 to 1981, he went through the Blue Note archives and recovered many sessions which are now prized.Along with Charlie Lourie, he founded Mosaic Records in 1983 specializing in jazz reissue box sets, still continuing as of 2018. Artists surveyed include highly visible masters like Thelonious Monk, Miles Davis, and Nat \"King\" Cole, and lesser known artists such as Tina Brooks and Ike Quebec. Cuscuna has won three Grammy Awards for his releases. Since 1984, Cuscuna has been a special consultant, producer, and reissue director of Blue Note Records.", "Q111312": "Gerhard Eichelmann (born in 1962) is a leading German wine critic with an international influence on German wine.", "Q1269766": "The Technical University of Denmark (Danish: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet), often simply referred to as DTU, is a university in Kongens Lyngby, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of central Copenhagen, Denmark. It was founded in 1829 at the initiative of Hans Christian \u00d8rsted as Denmark's first polytechnic, and is today ranked among Europe's leading engineering institutions.\nDTU, along with \u00c9cole Polytechnique in Paris, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Eindhoven University of Technology, Technical University of Munich and Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology, is a member of Eurotech Universities.", "Q899056": "Prenk\u00eb Jakova (27 June 1917 \u2013 19 September 1969) was an Albanian composer, musician, and author of Mrika (1958), which is considered the first Albanian opera. A native of Shkod\u00ebr, he studied under Martin Gjoka and Zef Kurti, and he was also an alumnus of the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia. A virtuoso clarinetist he worked as a music teacher for most of his life and distinguished himself as the mentor of the four most important composers of classical music from northern Albania: \u00c7esk Zadeja, Tish Daija, Tonin Harapi, and Simon Gjoni. Jakova was the director of the music band and of the House of Culture of Shkod\u00ebr. Besides Mrika, Jakova also composed Sk\u00ebnderbeu, another opera which premiered in 1968.\nAlong the operas Jakova left to posterity many songs and other musical pieces, several of which are commonly believed to be Albanian folk music, rather they are Jakova's compositions. He was imprisoned by the Albanian communist regime for his brother's political opposition to it and was demanded to work more than he could bear. Despaired and stressed from the excessive demands on his work, he killed himself in 1969. His legacy is that of one of the most important Albanian composers of all times.", "Q12193": "Brest (French pronunciation: [b\u0281\u025bst] (listen); Breton pronunciation: [b\u0280est]) is a port city in the Finist\u00e8re d\u00e9partement in Brittany. Located in a sheltered bay not far from the western tip of the peninsula, and the western extremity of metropolitan France, Brest is an important harbour and the second French military port after Toulon. The city is located on the western edge of continental Europe. With 142,722 inhabitants in a 2007 census, Brest is at the centre of Western Brittany's largest metropolitan area (with a population of 300,300 in total), ranking third behind only Nantes and Rennes in the whole of historic Brittany, and the 19th most populous city in France; moreover, Brest provides services to the one million inhabitants of Western Brittany. Although Brest is by far the largest city in Finist\u00e8re, the pr\u00e9fecture (regional capital) of the department is the much smaller Quimper.\nDuring the Middle Ages, the history of Brest was the history of its castle. Then Richelieu made it a military harbour in 1631. Brest grew around its arsenal until the second part of the 20th century. Heavily damaged by the Allies' bombing raids during World War II, the city centre was completely rebuilt after the war. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the deindustrialization of the city was followed by the development of the service sector. Nowadays, Brest is an important university town with 23,000 students. Besides a multidisciplinary university, the University of Western Brittany, Brest and its surrounding area possess several prestigious French elite schools such as \u00c9cole Navale (the French Naval Academy), T\u00e9l\u00e9com Bretagne and the Superior National School of Advanced Techniques of Brittany (ENSTA Bretagne, formerly ENSIETA). Brest is also an important research centre, mainly focused on the sea, with among others the largest Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) centre, le Cedre (Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution) and the French Polar Institute.\nBrest's history has always been linked to the sea: the Acad\u00e9mie de Marine (Naval Academy) was founded in 1752 in this city. The aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle was built there. Every four years, Brest hosts the international festival of the sea, boats and sailors: it is a meeting of old riggings from around the world (Les Tonnerres de Brest).\n\n", "Q427325": "The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) is the founding and ruling communist party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Although it nominally exists alongside the Vietnamese Fatherland Front, it maintains a unitary government and has centralised control over the state, military and media. The supremacy of the Communist Party is guaranteed by Article 4 of the national constitution. The CPV was founded in 1930 by H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh; since 1954, it has been the only legal party in the country alongside the former South Vietnam when it took over in 1976 at the end of the Vietnam War. It also controls the military, the People's Army of Vietnam.\nThe CPV is organized on the basis of democratic centralism, a principle conceived by Russian Marxist theoretician Vladimir Lenin which entails democratic and open discussion on policy on the condition of unity in upholding the agreed upon policies. The highest institution of the CPV is the party's National Congress which elects the Central Committee. In between party congresses, the Central Committee is the supreme organ on party affairs. Immediately after a party congress, the Central Committee elects the Politburo and Secretariat and it appoints the First Secretary, the highest party office. In between sessions of the Central Committee, the Politburo is the supreme organ on party affairs. However, it can only implement decisions based upon the policies which have been approved in advance by either the Central Committee or the party's National Congress. As of 2017, the 12th Politburo comprises 19 members. The current party's leader is Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fa Tr\u1ecdng, who holds the titles of General Secretary of the Central Committee, Secretary of the Central Military Commission, and the presidency of Vietnam.\nThe party is committed to communism and continues to participate in the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties each year. It is also known for the advocacy of what it calls a \"socialist-oriented market economy\" while another ideology of CPV, the Ho Chi Minh Thought, introduced by Ho which combines Vietnamese culture, French revolutionary ideas, liberal ideas, Marxist\u2013Leninist communist ideals and Ho Chi Minh's personal qualities. In most of the cases, the Vietnamese press and people refer to the Communist Party of Vietnam as \u0110\u1ea3ng (\"Party\") or \u0110\u1ea3ng ta (\"our Party\").", "Q326512": "Pertti Edvard Salolainen CBE (born 19 October 1940 Helsinki) is a Finnish politician. He has served as MP from the National Coalition Party (1970\u20131996, 2007\u20132019) and party chairman (1991\u20131994) and Minister (1987\u20131995).Salolainen worked before the MP career in Finnish Broadcasting Company between 1962\u20131969 as a journalist and producer. Between 1996 and 2004, he was the Finnish Ambassador in London.", "Q367228": "Hunting Season (Turkish: Av Mevsimi) is a 2010 Turkish drama film, written and directed by Yavuz Turgul, which stars \u015eener \u015een and Cem Y\u0131lmaz as two policemen who team up with a rookie to investigate a murder case. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on December 3, 2010 (2010-12-03), was one of the highest grossing Turkish films of 2010 and was released in six European countries in addition to Turkey.", "Q2364060": "Chao Sukkhasoem (also spelled Souka-Seum, Suk Soem or Sukha-S\u00f6m; Lao: \u0ec0\u0e88\u0ebb\u0ec9\u0eb2\u0eaa\u0eb8\u0e82\u0eb0\u0ec0\u0eaa\u0eb5\u0ea1; 1797\u201323 September 1850) was the king of Luang Phrabang from 1839 to 1850.He was the eldest son of Manthaturath. Before his succession he was taken as hostage in Bangkok. After his father's death, he was not allowed to return until 1838. He was crowned the king in 1839.During his reign, Luang Phrabang put down a rebellion by the Tai Lue of Sipsong Panna. He died on 23 September 1850, succeeded by his younger brother Chantharath.", "Q64005": "Dr Jutta R\u00fcdiger (14 June 1910 \u2013 13 March 2001), German psychologist, was head of the Nazi Party's female youth organisation, the League of German Girls (Bund Deutscher M\u00e4del, BDM) from 1937 to 1945.", "Q1473565": "Wind-up Entertainment was an American independent record label founded by Alan and Diana Meltzer in 1997. It was based in New York City and was distributed by Universal Music Group. Wind-up's best-selling artists worldwide were Evanescence and Creed.\n\n", "Q70070": "Preonzo is a former municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.", "Q229153": "Tenitra Michelle Williams (born July 23, 1979) is an American entertainer and actress. Williams rose to fame in the 2000s as a member of R&B girl group Destiny's Child, one of the best-selling female groups of all time with over 60 million records, of which more than 35 million copies sold with the trio lineup with Williams.During the group's two year hiatus, Williams released her debut solo album Heart to Yours (2002) which topped the US gospel album chart and became the best-selling gospel release of the year. Also in 2002, Billboard, named her the fifth Top Gospel Artist of the year and she received a MOBO Award for \"Best Gospel Act\". Following this she released Do You Know (2004) which gained her a nomination for \"Best Gospel Act\" at the 2004 MOBO Awards.\nAfter Destiny's Child's disbanded in 2006, Williams released her first pop album, Unexpected (2008), which spawned the internationally charting single \"We Break the Dawn\" and the US Dance number-one \"The Greatest\". Her fourth studio album, Journey to Freedom (2014), received positive reviews and became her highest-charting album in the US; preceded by lead single \"If We Had Your Eyes\" which reached the US Adult R&B top 20 and the Soul Train-nominated \"Say Yes\", which charted internationally and topped the US Hot Gospel Songs chart for seven weeks. Journey to Freedom was nominated for Outstanding Gospel Album (Traditional or Contemporary) at the 46th NAACP Image Awards and earned Williams four nominations at the 30th annual Stellar Awards, winning Music Video of the Year for \"Say Yes\".Williams has found success as a television, Broadway and West End theatre actress, gaining a nomination for \"Best Lead Female \u2013 Equity\" in 2008 at the 18th Annual NAACP Theatre Awards. Making her acting debut on Broadway in Aida (2003), she has since starred in the sitcom series Half & Half (2006) and the musical productions: The Color Purple (2007), Chicago (2009\u201310), What My Husband Doesn't Know (2011) and Fela! (2013). Furthermore, she was a featured judge on MTV's Top Pop Group, a contestant in season 8 of Strictly Come Dancing in the United Kingdom and co-starred alongside gospel musician Deitrick Haddon in the Oxygen reality television series Fix My Choir. She has earned several awards and accolades including a Grammy Award and star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame as part of Destiny's Child; a solo MOBO Award and Stellar Award.", "Q750673": "Christian Democratic and Flemish (Dutch: Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams listen , CD&V) is a Christian-democratic Flemish political party in Belgium. The party has historical ties to both trade unionism (ACV) and trade associations (UNIZO) and the Farmer's League. Until 2001, the party was named the Christian People's Party (Christelijke Volkspartij, CVP).\nIt was traditionally the largest political party of Flanders, until it was overtaken by the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) in the 2010s. CD&V participated in most governments and has generally the largest number of mayors. Most Prime Ministers of Belgium and Ministers-President of Flanders have been CD&V politicians. Herman Van Rompuy, the president of the European Council from 2009 to 2014, is one of the leading politicians of CD&V.\nCD&V is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and Centrist Democrat International.", "Q270026": "7 Seconds is a 2005 American crime action thriller film directed by Simon Fellows and starring Wesley Snipes and Tamzin Outhwaite. The film was released on Direct-to-DVD in the United States on June 28, 2005. The title refers to the timers at the beginning of the film, which are set at 00:07 (7 seconds).", "Q197605": "Zheng Guanying or Cheng Kuan-ying (1842-1922 or 1923) was a Chinese reformist active in the late Qing Dynasty. He was a proponent of fighting economic dominance by Western countries of China through economic nationalism, of parliamentary representative democracy, and of women's rights.", "Q3813": "Marl is a town and a municipality in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated near the Wesel-Datteln Canal, approx. 10 km north-west of Recklinghausen. It has about 90,000 people.", "Q10784": "Wurzen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8v\u028a\u0250\u032ftsn\u0329]) is a town in the Leipzig district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Mulde, here crossed by two bridges, 25 km east of Leipzig, by rail N.E. of Leipzig on the main line via Riesa to Dresden. It has a cathedral dating from the twelfth century, a castle, at one time a residence of the bishops of Meissen and later utilized as law courts, several schools, an agricultural college and as a police station including a prison.", "Q76401": "Franz-Ludwig Gustav Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (born 4 May 1938) is a German lawyer and politician from the CSU. He was a member of the Bundestag from 1976 to 1987 and of the European Parliament from 1984 to 1992.", "Q69521": "Johann von Lamont, FRSE (13 December 1805 \u2013 6 August 1879), born John Lamont, was a Scottish-German astronomer and physicist.\n\n", "Q334116": "Evelyn John St Loe Strachey (21 October 1901 \u2013 15 July 1963) was a British Labour politician and writer.\nA journalist by profession, Strachey was elected to Parliament in 1929. He was initially a disciple of Oswald Mosley, and, feeling that the Second Labour Government was not doing enough to combat unemployment, joined Mosley in founding the New Party in 1931. He broke with Mosley later in the year, so did not follow him into fascism. Strachey lost his seat in 1931 and was a communist sympathiser for the rest of the 1930s, before breaking with the Communist Party in 1940.\nDuring the Second World War Strachey served as a Royal Air Force officer, in planning and public relations roles. He was once again elected to Parliament as a Labour MP in 1945, and held office under Clement Attlee as Minister of Food (he became an unpopular figure because of food rationing) and as Secretary of State for War. He continued to be a Labour MP, generally as a supporter of the party's right until his death in 1963.\nThroughout his career Strachey was a prolific writer of books and articles, writing from a communist perspective in the 1930s and then as a social democrat after the Second World War.", "Q85589": "Christian Heinrich Roller (10 March 1839 \u2013 6 September 1916), better known as Heinrich Roller and also known by his pen name Roland vom Hochplateau, was the inventor of a German shorthand system. Roller was also a writer of humorist texts and a professor at the \"Journalistische Hochschule\" in Berlin.\n\n", "Q759131": "Thomas Richard Whitney (May 2, 1807 \u2013 April 12, 1858) was a nineteenth-century politician and writer from New York.", "Q5286057": "Do It Again is a 2010 documentary film directed by Robert Patton-Spruill and produced by Boston Globe reporter Geoff Edgers. The film follows Edgers on his quest to reunite British rock band The Kinks. Along the way he interviews several musicians and celebrities (including Sting, Zooey Deschanel, and Clive Davis), discussing with them the band's music and influence, as well as their sentiments towards a potential Kinks reunion. Shooting for Do It Again began in the spring of 2008, and it made its debut at the Rotterdam International Film Festival in January 2010. Do It Again showed at several film festivals around the world throughout 2010, and was picked up for broadcast on public television in late 2011.", "Q3625849": "Todor Kostadinov Batkov (Bulgarian: \u0422\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0411\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432) (born 17 October 1958 in Smolyan) is a Bulgarian businessman and lawyer who was president of the Bulgarian football club PFC Levski Sofia until late June 2015.", "Q242095": "Dino Buzzati-Traverso (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8di\u02d0no bud\u02c8dza\u02d0ti]; 14 October 1906 \u2013 28 January 1972) was an Italian novelist, short story writer, painter and poet, as well as a journalist for Corriere della Sera. His worldwide fame is mostly due to his novel The Tartar Steppe, and he is also known for his well-received collections of short stories.", "Q320604": "Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin (30 July 1914 \u2013 25 April 1999), was an Irish journalist, author, sports official, and the sixth President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). He succeeded his uncle as Baron Killanin in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1927, which allowed him to sit in the House of Lords at the Palace of Westminster as Lord Killanin upon turning 21.", "Q120870": "Jakob Weiseborn (22 March 1892 in Frankfurt \u2013 20 January 1939 in Flossenb\u00fcrg) was a German SS-Sturmbannf\u00fchrer (major) and the first commandant of Flossenb\u00fcrg concentration camp.", "Q1963": "Khartoum or Khartum ( kar-TOOM; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645\u200e, romanized: Al-Khur\u1e6d\u016bm) is the capital of Sudan. With a population of 5,274,321, its metropolitan area is the largest in Sudan, the sixth-largest in Africa, and the fourth-largest in the Arab world. Khartoum is located at the confluence of the White Nile, flowing north from Lake Victoria, and the Blue Nile, flowing west from Lake Tana in Ethiopia. The location where the two Niles meet is known as al-Mogran or al-Muqran (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0646; English: \"The Confluence\"). From there, the Nile continues to flow north towards Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea.\nDivided by these two parts of the Nile, Khartoum is a tripartite metropolis with an estimated overall population of over five million people, consisting of Khartoum proper, and linked by bridges to Khartoum North (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a al-Khar\u1e6d\u016bm Ba\u1e25r\u012b) and Omdurman (\u0623\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 Umm Durm\u0101n) to the west.", "Q299849": "Malin Susanna Margareta Birgerson (born 28 January 1968 in T\u00e4by, Stockholm County, Sweden) is a Swedish actress.Birgerson studied from 1992\u201395 at the NAMA in Malm\u00f6. After that she acted in different Swedish theatres including the Stockholm City Theatre in 1997. Birgerson became popular as the police inspector Alice Levander in Season 2 of the Beck-films. Since February 2007 she has worked in the Swedish Theatre Federation. Birgerson is married to journalist Sven Irving from TV4.", "Q108124": "Heinrich Steinh\u00f6wel (also Steinh\u00e4uel or Steinheil; 1412 \u2013 1482) was a Swabian author, humanist, and translator who was much inspired by the Italian Renaissance. His translations of medical treatises and fiction were an important contribution to early Renaissance Humanism in Germany.", "Q22737": "S\u00e9lestat (French: [sel\u025bsta]; Alsatian: Schlettst\u00e0dt; German: Schlettstadt) is a commune in the north-east region of France. An administrative division (sous-pr\u00e9fecture) of the Bas-Rhin department, the town lies on the Ill river, 17 kilometres (11 mi) from the Rhine and the German border. S\u00e9lestat is located between the largest communes of Alsace, Strasbourg and Mulhouse.\nIn 2013, S\u00e9lestat had a total population of 19,332, which makes it the eighth most populous town in Alsace. During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance it was the third largest city in the region, after Strasbourg and Colmar, and it is ranked the third commune in Alsace for cultural heritage. S\u00e9lestat was founded in the 8th century as a port on the Ill and it experienced a long period of prosperity thanks to the trade in wine and a thriving religious and cultural life. It gradually declined after the Reformation and the French conquest in the 17th century. The town eventually experienced a new demographic growth in the second half of the 20th century when it became a small industrial and cultural centre.\nThanks to its rich heritage, which includes the renowned Humanist Library and an imposing pair of medieval churches, S\u00e9lestat is an important tourist destination in Alsace. It also benefits from its location on the Alsace wine road and its proximity to Haut-K\u0153nigsbourg castle. Aside from the medieval old town, the commune of S\u00e9lestat encompasses a nature reserve including one of the largest riparian forests of France.", "Q203977": "Maury Yeston (born October 23, 1945) is an American composer, lyricist, educator and musicologist.\nHe is known for initiating new Broadway musicals, and writing their music and lyrics, among them Nine in 1982, and Titanic in 1997, both of which won him Tony Awards for best musical and best score and each brought him nominations for a Grammy. He also won two Drama Desk Awards for Nine, and was nominated for both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for two of his new songs in the film version of Nine. Yeston also wrote a significant amount of the music and most of the lyrics to the Tony-nominated musical Grand Hotel in 1989, which was Tony-nominated for best show, best score and another two Drama Desk Awards for music and lyrics and ran more than a thousand performances. His musical version of the novel The Phantom of the Opera entitled Phantom (not to be confused with Andrew Lloyd Webber's version) has enjoyed numerous productions in the U.S. and around the world. He has also written a number of other Off-Broadway musicals, including Death Takes a Holiday, nominated for eleven Drama Desk Awards; December Songs, a song cycle commissioned by Carnegie Hall for its centennial celebration; An American Cantata (a three-movement choral symphony commissioned by the Kennedy Center for the Millennium celebration); Tom Sawyer: A Ballet in Three Acts \u2013 a full length story-ballet commissioned by the Kansas City Ballet for the opening of the new Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts in Kansas City; a cello concerto,premiered by Yo-Yo Ma; and other pieces.\nYeston serves on the board of the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He is a lifetime member of the Dramatists Guild Council, an honorary ambassador of the Society of Composers & Lyricists, past president of the Kleban Foundation, serves on the editorial boards of Musical Quarterly and the Kurt Weill Foundation Publication Project and on the advisory board of the Yale University Press Broadway Series. He was an associate professor of music at Yale for eight years, authoring two music theory scholarly books published by Yale Press, and subsequently the director of the BMI Lehman Engel Musical Theater Workshop in New York City for two decades beginning in 1982.", "Q619500": "Touch (Japanese: \u30bf\u30c3\u30c1, Hepburn: Tatchi) is a Japanese high school baseball manga series written and illustrated by Mitsuru Adachi. It was originally serialized in Weekly Sh\u014dnen Sunday from 1981 to 1986.\nThe manga has been adapted into a 101-episode anime television series \u2013 which was one of the highest-rated anime television series ever, three theatrical anime movies which summarized the TV series, two anime television specials which take place after the events in the TV series, a live-action TV drama special, and a live-action movie released in 2005. \nTouch has sold over 100 million copies, making it one of the best-selling manga series. In 1983, it was one of the winners of the Shogakukan Manga Award for the sh\u014dnen and sh\u014djo categories, along with Adachi's other work Miyuki.\n\n", "Q561365": "Sim\u00f3n Iturri Pati\u00f1o (1 June 1862 \u2013 20 April 1947) was a Bolivian industrialist who was among the world's wealthiest people at the time of his death. With a fortune built from ownership of a majority of the tin industry in Bolivia, Pati\u00f1o was nicknamed \"The Andean Rockefeller\". During World War II, Pati\u00f1o was believed to be one of the five wealthiest men in the world.\n\n", "Q36742": "Count Roman Ignacy Potocki, generally known as Ignacy Potocki (Polish pronunciation: [i\u0261\u02c8nats\u0268 p\u0254\u02c8t\u0254tsk\u02b2i]; 1750\u20131809), was a Polish nobleman, member of the influential magnate Potocki family, owner of Klementowice and Olesin (near Kur\u00f3w), a politician, writer, and office holder. He was the Marshal of the Permanent Council (Rada Nieustaj\u0105ca) in 1778\u20131782, Grand Clerk of Lithuania from 1773, Court Marshal of Lithuania from 1783, Grand Marshal of Lithuania from 16 April 1791 to 1794.\nHe was an educational activist, member of the Commission of National Education and the initiator and president of Society for Elementary Textbooks. He was an opponent of king Stanis\u0142aw II August in the 1770s and 1780s, and a major figure in the Polish politics of that era. During the Great Sejm he was a leader of the Patriotic Party and the reform movement and eventually backed the King in many reform projects. An advocate of a pro-Prussian orientation, he helped conclude an alliance with Prussia in 1790. He co-authored the Constitution of 3 May 1791.", "Q605129": "George Lewis Jr. (born March 30, 1983), better known by his stage name Twin Shadow, is a Dominican-American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actor based out of Los Angeles, California. He has written a novel, scripted TV series and released four albums: Forget (2010), Confess (2012), Eclipse (2015), and Caer (2018).", "Q26551": "Salvador Silvestre del Rosario Jovellanos Guanes (December 31, 1833 \u2013 February 11, 1881) was a Paraguayan politician. He served as Vice President in 1871, and President from December 18, 1871 \u2013 November 25, 1874. His main concern as President was Paraguay's slow recovery from Paraguay's humiliating defeat in Paraguayan War with Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. He died in Buenos Aires on February 11, 1881.\nHe was born in Asunci\u00f3n on December 31, 1833. He was very young when his family left the country during the regime of Carlos Antonio L\u00f3pez to settle in Buenos Aires, where he formed his own family.", "Q154129": "Gamma Ray is a heavy metal band from Hamburg, northern Germany, founded and fronted by Kai Hansen after his departure from the German power metal band Helloween. He is the band's lead vocalist, guitarist and chief songwriter. Between 1990 and 2014, Gamma Ray recorded eleven studio albums.", "Q2111334": "after the quake (\u795e\u306e\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u306f\u307f\u306a\u8e0a\u308b, Kami no Kodomo-tachi wa Mina Odoru, lit. \"All God's Children Can Dance\") is a collection of six short stories by Japanese author Haruki Murakami, written between 1999 and 2000. First published in Japan in 2000, it was released in English as after the quake in 2002 (translator Jay Rubin notes that Murakami \"insisted\" the title \"should be all lower-case\").", "Q197162": "Zhang Binglin (January 12, 1869 \u2013 June 14, 1936), also known as Zhang Taiyan, was a Chinese philologist, textual critic, philosopher, and revolutionary.\nHis philological works include Wen Shi (\u6587\u59cb \"The Origin of Writing\"), the first systematic work of Chinese etymology. He also made contributions to historical Chinese phonology, proposing that \"the niang (\u5a18) and ri (\u65e5) initials [in Middle Chinese] come from the ni (\u6ce5) initial [in Old Chinese]\" (known as niang ri gui ni \u5a18\u65e5\u6b78\u6ce5). He developed a system of shorthands based on the seal script, called jiyin zimu (\u8a18\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd), later adopted as the basis of zhuyin. Though innovative in many ways, he was skeptical of new archaeological findings, regarding the oracle bones as forgery.\nAn activist as well as a scholar, he produced many political works. Because of his outspoken character, he was jailed for three years by the Qing Empire and put under house arrest for another three by Yuan Shikai.", "Q1992307": "Earl William \"Madman\" Muntz (January 3, 1914 \u2013 June 21, 1987) was an American businessman and engineer who sold and promoted cars and consumer electronics in the United States from the 1930s until his death in 1987. He was a pioneer in television commercials with his oddball \"Madman\" persona \u2013 an alter ego who generated publicity with his unusual costumes, stunts, and outrageous claims. Muntz also pioneered car stereos by creating the Muntz Stereo-Pak, better known as the 4-track cartridge, a predecessor to the 8-track cartridge developed by Lear Industries.He invented the practice that came to be known as Muntzing, which involved simplifying otherwise complicated electronic devices. Muntz produced and marketed the first black-and-white television receivers to sell for less than $100, and created one of the earliest functional widescreen projection TVs. He was credited with coining the abbreviation \"TV\" for television, although the term had earlier been in use in call letters for stations such as WCBS-TV. A high school dropout,\nMuntz made fortunes by selling automobiles, TV receivers, and car stereos and tapes. A 1968 Los Angeles Times article noted that in one year he sold $72 million worth of cars, that five years later he sold $55 million worth of TV receivers, and that in 1967 he sold $30 million worth of car stereos and tapes.After his success as a used car salesman and with Kaiser-Frazer dealerships in Los Angeles and New York City, Muntz founded the Muntz Car Company, which made the \"Muntz Jet\", a sports car with jet-like contours. The car was manufactured between 1951 and 1953, although fewer than 400 were produced.\nMuntz married seven times. His wives included actress Joan Barton (who appeared in Angel and the Badman with John Wayne) and Patricia Stevens of the Patricia Stevens Finishing schools. Phyllis Diller was among his many girlfriends. He was friends with celebrities such as singer Rudy Vallee, comedian Jerry Colonna, actor Bert Lahr, television presenter Dick Clark, and cowboy actor Gene Autry.", "Q79055": "Franz Theodor Csokor (6 September 1885\u20135 January 1969) was an Austrian author and dramatist, particularly well known for his Expressionist dramas. His most successful and best-known piece is 3. November 1918, about the downfall of the Austria-Hungary monarchy. In many of his works Csokor deals with themes of antiquity and Christianity.", "Q489801": "INXS (pronounced \"in excess\") were an Australian rock band, formed as The Farriss Brothers in 1977 in Sydney, New South Wales. The band's founding members were bassist Garry Gary Beers, main composer and keyboardist Andrew Farriss, drummer Jon Farriss, guitarist Tim Farriss, lead singer and main lyricist Michael Hutchence, and guitarist and saxophonist Kirk Pengilly. For 20 years, INXS was fronted by Hutchence, whose magnetic stage presence made him the focal point of the band. Initially known for their new wave/pop style, the band later developed a harder pub rock and alternative rock style that included funk and dance elements.In 1984, INXS had their first number-one hit in Australia with \"Original Sin\". The band would later achieve international success in the mid-to-late 1980s and early 1990s with the hit albums Listen Like Thieves, Kick, and X, as well as the singles \"What You Need\", \"Need You Tonight\" (the band's only number-one single in the United States), \"Devil Inside\", \"Never Tear Us Apart\", \"Suicide Blonde\" and \"New Sensation\".Following Hutchence's death in November 1997, INXS made appearances with several guest singers and toured and recorded with Jon Stevens as lead singer beginning in 2002. In 2005, members of INXS participated in Rock Star: INXS, a reality television series that culminated in the selection of Canadian J.D. Fortune as their new lead singer. Irish singer-songwriter Ciaran Gribbin replaced Fortune as lead singer in 2011. During a concert on 11 November 2012, INXS stated that the performance would be their last, although they did not announce the band\u2019s permanent retirement.\nINXS won six Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) awards, including three for \"Best Group\" in 1987, 1989 and 1992; the band was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in 2001. INXS has sold an estimated 60 million records worldwide making them one of Australia's highest selling acts.", "Q49196": "Newton is a suburban city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is approximately 7 miles (11 km) west of downtown Boston and is bordered by Boston's Brighton and West Roxbury neighborhoods to the east and south, respectively, and by the suburb of Brookline to the east, the suburbs of Watertown and Waltham to the north, and Weston, Wellesley and Needham to the west. Rather than having a single city center, Newton resembles a patchwork of thirteen villages. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the population of Newton was 85,146, making it the eleventh largest city in the state.", "Q92792": "Blake Aaron Ross (born June 12, 1985) is an American software engineer who is best known for his work as the co-creator of the Mozilla Firefox internet browser with Dave Hyatt. In 2005, he was nominated for Wired magazine's top Rave Award, Renegade of the Year, opposite Larry Page, Sergey Brin and Jon Stewart. He was also a part of Rolling Stone magazine's 2005 hot list. From 2007, he worked for Facebook as Director of Product until resigning in early 2013. In 2015, he wrote a fan fiction original screenplay to the HBO television comedy series Silicon Valley, which gained attention.", "Q1872581": "Lowell Orton North (December 2, 1929 \u2013 June 2, 2019) was an American sailor and Olympic Gold Medalist. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, where he received a gold medal in the Star class with the boat North Star, together with Peter Barrett.", "Q69520": "L'Abbaye is a municipality in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, located in the Jura-Nord Vaudois district in the Vall\u00e9e de Joux. It takes its name from Lac de Joux Abbey, a Premonstratensian monastery.", "Q954743": "Viktor Mikhailovich Chebrikov (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u00e9\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432; 27 April 1923 \u2013 2 July 1999) was a Soviet public official and security administrator and head of the KGB from December 1982 to October 1988.", "Q76400": "Erika Fuchs, n\u00e9e Petri (7 December 1906 in Rostock \u2013 22 April 2005 in Munich), was a German translator. She is largely known in Germany due to her translations of American Disney comics, especially Carl Barks' stories about Duckburg and its inhabitants.\nMany of her creations (re)entered the German language, and her followers today recognize her widely quoted translations as standing in the tradition of great German-language light poetry such as by Heinrich Heine, Wilhelm Busch, and Kurt Tucholsky. Unlike the English originals, her translations included many hidden quotes and literary allusions. As Fuchs once said, \"You can't be educated enough to translate comic books\".", "Q266645": "SideOneDummy Records is an independent record label based in Los Angeles. It was founded in 1995 by Bill Armstrong and Joe Sib. The label began as a way for them to release music for their friends' bands. Thereafter SideOneDummy launched the careers of bands like The Gaslight Anthem, Flogging Molly, Gogol Bordello, Title Fight and others. Since 1998, SideOneDummy Records has also released the annual Warped Tour compilation album, which features music by bands playing on the current year's tour. Their YouTube channel, which features artists in their current roster, has 68 thousand subscribers and 90,521,349 views (as of May 15, 2019).", "Q388950": "The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford is a 2007 American epic revisionist Western film written and directed by Andrew Dominik. Adapted from Ron Hansen's 1983 novel of the same name, the film dramatizes the relationship between Jesse James (Brad Pitt) and Robert Ford (Casey Affleck), focusing on the events that lead up to the titular killing.\nFilming took place near Calgary, Canmore, and Edmonton, Alberta, and Winnipeg, Manitoba. Initially intended for a 2006 release, it was postponed and re-edited for a September 21, 2007 release date. The film received generally positive reviews, and was nominated for two Academy Awards: Best Cinematography and Best Supporting Actor for Affleck.", "Q1378118": "Robert William Corddry (born February 4, 1971) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for his work as a correspondent on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart (2002\u20132006) and for his starring role in the film Hot Tub Time Machine. He is the creator and star of Adult Swim's Childrens Hospital and has been awarded four Primetime Emmy Awards. He previously starred in the HBO series Ballers and currently stars in the CBS comedy The Unicorn.", "Q49828": "Randolph Frederick \"Randy\" Pausch (October 23, 1960 \u2013 July 25, 2008) was an American educator, a professor of computer science, human\u2013computer interaction, and design at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.\nPausch learned he had pancreatic cancer in September 2006. In August 2007, he was given a terminal diagnosis: \"3 to 6 months of good health left\". He gave an upbeat lecture titled \"The Last Lecture: Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams\" on September 18, 2007, at Carnegie Mellon, which became a popular YouTube video and led to other media appearances. He then co-authored a book called The Last Lecture on the same theme, which became a New York Times best-seller.\nPausch died of complications from pancreatic cancer on July 25, 2008, aged 47.", "Q164954": "Negotino (Macedonian: \u041d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e, pronounced [n\u025b\u02c8\u0261\u0254tin\u0254] (listen)) is a town in North Macedonia.\nIts population is about 13,000.\nIt is the seat of Negotino Municipality.", "Q239341": "Marie-Jos\u00e9e Croze (French pronunciation: \u200b[ma\u0281i \u0292oze k\u0281\u0254z]; born February 23, 1970) is a French Canadian actress. She also holds French citizenship, which she obtained in December 2012.", "Q322775": "The Acad\u00e9mie de Stanislas is a learned society founded in Nancy, France on 28 December 1750 by the King of Poland, Duke of Lorraine and Bar, Stanis\u0142aw Leszczy\u0144ski, under the name Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Nancy.\nIt was established in the old Jesuit College, the building which founded the Nancy-Universit\u00e9 until its temporary suppression by the Jacobin Convention in 1793, and which has now become the Municipal Library of Nancy.", "Q154897": "Aabenraa or \u00c5benr\u00e5 (Danish pronunciation: [\u0254\u02d0pm\u0329\u02c8\u0281\u0254\u02c0]; German: Apenrade, pronounced [a\u02d0pn\u0329\u02c8\u0281a\u02d0d\u0259]; S\u00f8nderjysk: Affenr\u00e5e) is a town in Southern Denmark, at the head of the Aabenraa Fjord, an arm of the Little Belt, 26 kilometres (16 mi) north of the Denmark\u2013Germany border and 32 kilometres (20 mi) north of German town of Flensburg. It was the seat of S\u00f8nderjyllands Amt (South Jutland County) until 1 January 2007, when the Region of Southern Denmark was created as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform. With a population of 16,352 (1 January 2019), Aabenraa is the largest town and the seat of the Aabenraa Municipality.\nThe name Aabenraa originally meant \"open beach\" (Danish: \u00e5ben strand).", "Q103717": "Rovaniemi (Finnish: [\u02c8ro\u028b\u0251niemi] (listen)) is a city and municipality of Finland. It is the administrative capital and commercial centre of Finland's northernmost province, Lapland. It is situated about 6 kilometres (4 miles) south of the Arctic Circle and is between the hills of Ounasvaara and Korkalovaara, at the confluence of the river Kemijoki and its tributary, the Ounasjoki. \nThe city and the surrounding Rovaniemen maalaiskunta (Rural municipality of Rovaniemi) were consolidated into a single entity on 1 January 2006. The resulting city of Rovaniemi is considered the largest city in all of Europe by land area, because the defined limits of the city proper extend far beyond the actual urban area.Rovaniemi has an approximate population of 63,000. Rovaniemi is a unilingual Finnish-speaking municipality and, uncommonly for larger Finnish towns, it is also known by its Finnish name and spelling in the Swedish language.", "Q84696": "Bibi Besch (born Bibiana Maria K\u00f6chert; February 1, 1942 \u2013 September 7, 1996) was an Austrian-American film, television, and stage actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Dr. Carol Marcus in the science fiction film Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982). Her other notable film roles were in Who's That Girl (1987), Steel Magnolias (1989), and Tremors (1990). Besch also appeared in a number of television series and received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations.", "Q95943": "Jasmin Schwiers (born 11 August 1982 in Eupen, Belgium) is a German actress.\nSchwiers grew up in the German-speaking community in Eastern Belgium. She started her career with appearances in several German TV series and TV movies. She also acted in German movies like Schule (2000) (together with Daniel Br\u00fchl) and NVA (2005).\nSchwiers has received the newcomer prize G\u00fcnter-Strack-Fernsehpreis (2000) and the award in the newcomer category of the Goldene Kamera (2005).", "Q186709": "Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (9 October [O.S. 27 September] 1888 \u2013 15 March 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet Union politician, marxist philosopher and prolific author on revolutionary theory. \nAs a young man, he spent six years in exile working closely with fellow exiles Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky. After the revolution of February 1917, he returned to Moscow, where his Bolshevik credentials earned him a high rank in the Bolshevik party and after the October Revolution became editor of the party newspaper Pravda.\nWithin the Bolshevik Party, Bukharin was initially a left communist, but gradually moved from the left to the right from 1921. His strong support for and defence of the New Economic Policy (NEP) eventually saw him lead the Right Opposition. By late 1924, this stance had positioned Bukharin favourably as Joseph Stalin's chief ally, with Bukharin soon elaborating Stalin's new theory and policy of Socialism in One Country. Together, Bukharin and Stalin ousted Trotsky, Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev from the party at the XVth Communist Party Congress in December 1927. From 1926 to 1929, Bukharin enjoyed great power as General Secretary of the Comintern's executive committee. However, Stalin's decision to proceed with collectivisation drove the two men apart and Bukharin was expelled from the Politburo in 1929.\nWhen the Great Purge began in 1936, Stalin looked for any pretext to liquidate his former allies and rivals for power, and some of Bukharin's letters, conversations and tapped phone-calls indicated disloyalty. Arrested in February 1937, he was charged with conspiring to overthrow the Soviet state. After a show trial that alienated many Western communist sympathisers, he was executed in March 1938.", "Q70071": "Bernhard Dernburg (17 July 1865 \u2013 14 October 1937) was a German liberal politician and banker. He served as Secretary for Colonial Affairs and head of the Imperial Colonial Office from May 1907 to 9 June 1910, and as Federal Minister of Finance and Vice Chancellor of Germany from 17 April to 20 June 1919.", "Q232214": "Julieta Venegas Percevault (Spanish pronunciation: [xu\u02c8ljeta \u03b2e\u02c8ne\u0263as]; born November 24, 1970) is an American-born Mexican singer, songwriter, instrumentalist and producer who sings pop-rock in Spanish. She speaks English, Portuguese, and Spanish fluently. She has a twin sister, Yvonne, who is a photographer. Venegas grew up in Tijuana and began studying music at age eight. She went on to join several bands including Mexican ska band Tijuana No!.\nVenegas plays several instruments including acoustic guitar, accordion, and keyboard. She has won five Latin Grammys and one Grammy Award among other awards. She has composed music for theater and performed in soundtracks for two movies.\nIn 1997, she released her debut album Aqu\u00ed to favorable reviews in Mexico by the rock audience. In later years, she positioned herself as one of the most prominent songwriters in Latin pop by achieving fame in 2003 in Latin America and Spain with the album S\u00ed and singles \"Andar Conmigo\" and \"Algo est\u00e1 cambiando\" which were positioned at the top of Latin Billboard.In 2006, she released her most successful album Lim\u00f3n y Sal which is her best-selling album to date. Lim\u00f3n y Sal achieved Platinum status in several countries, including the worldwide hit \"Me Voy.\" \"Me voy\" was certified Gold in Mexico. Her album Otra Cosa was released worldwide on March 16, 2010. Venegas was designated a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in Mexico.", "Q3189052": "Julia Lemigova (Russian: \u042e\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430; born 20 June 1972) is a Russian businesswoman and former model who was Miss USSR 1990.", "Q151737": "Nathalie... is a 2003 French drama film directed by Anne Fontaine, and starring Fanny Ardant, Emmanuelle B\u00e9art, and G\u00e9rard Depardieu. The screenplay concerns a woman who discovers that her husband is cheating on her.", "Q64004": "Grindelwald is a village and municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. In addition to the village of Grindelwald, the municipality also includes the settlements of Alpiglen, Burglauenen, Grund, Itramen, M\u00fchlebach, Schwendi, Tschingelberg and Wargistal.\nGrindelwald village is located at 1,034 m (3,392 ft) above sea level in the Bernese Alps.", "Q12192": "Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever and difficulty breathing. The severity of the condition is variable.Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other microorganisms, certain medications or conditions such as autoimmune diseases. Risk factors include cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough such as following a stroke and a weak immune system. Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and physical examination. Chest X-ray, blood tests, and culture of the sputum may help confirm the diagnosis. The disease may be classified by where it was acquired, such as community- or hospital-acquired or healthcare-associated pneumonia.Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available. Other methods of prevention include hand washing and not smoking. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Pneumonia believed to be due to bacteria is treated with antibiotics. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is generally hospitalized. Oxygen therapy may be used if oxygen levels are low.Each year, pneumonia affects about 450 million people globally (7% of the population) and results in about 4 million deaths. With the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines in the 20th century, survival has greatly improved. Nevertheless, in developing countries, and also among the very old, the very young and the chronically ill, pneumonia remains a leading cause of death. Pneumonia often shortens the period of suffering among those already close to death and has thus been called \"the old man's friend\".", "Q107571": "Wolfgang Reitzle (born 7 March 1949 in Neu-Ulm) is a German business executive.", "Q156058": "George Frost Kennan (February 16, 1904 \u2013 March 17, 2005) was an American diplomat and historian. He was best known as an advocate of a policy of containment of Soviet expansion during the Cold War. He lectured widely and wrote scholarly histories of the relations between the USSR and the United States. He was also one of the group of foreign policy elders known as \"The Wise Men\".\nDuring the late 1940s, his writings inspired the Truman Doctrine and the U.S. foreign policy of \"containing\" the Soviet Union. His \"Long Telegram\" from Moscow during 1946 and the subsequent 1947 article The Sources of Soviet Conduct argued that the Soviet regime was inherently expansionist and that its influence had to be \"contained\" in areas of vital strategic importance to the United States. These texts provided justification for the Truman administration's new anti-Soviet policy. Kennan played a major role in the development of definitive Cold War programs and institutions, notably the Marshall Plan.\nSoon after his concepts had become U.S. policy, Kennan began to criticize the foreign policies that he had seemingly helped begin. Subsequently, prior to the end of 1948, Kennan became confident that positive dialogue could commence with the Soviet government. His proposals were discounted by the Truman administration and Kennan's influence was marginalized, particularly after Dean Acheson was appointed Secretary of State in 1949. Soon thereafter, U.S. Cold War strategy assumed a more assertive and militaristic quality, causing Kennan to lament about what he believed was an abrogation of his previous assessments.\nIn 1950, Kennan left the Department of State\u2014except for a brief ambassadorial stint in Moscow and a longer one in Yugoslavia\u2014and became a realist critic of U.S. foreign policy. He continued to analyze international affairs as a faculty member of the Institute for Advanced Study from 1956 until his death in 2005 at age 101.", "Q659642": "Kristinestad (Swedish: [kr\u026as\u02c8t\u00ee\u02d0n\u025b\u02ccst\u0251\u02d0d], Finland Swedish: [kris\u02c8ti\u02d0ne\u02ccst\u0251\u02d0d]; Finnish: Kristiinankaupunki [\u02c8kristi\u02d0n\u0251\u014b\u02cck\u0251u\u032fpu\u014bki]) is a town and a municipality in Finland. It is located in the western part of Finland on the shore of the Bothnian Sea. The population of Kristinestad is 6,599 (31 January 2019) and the municipality covers an area of 682.53 km2 (263.53 sq mi) (excluding sea areas) of which 14.66 km2 (5.66 sq mi) is inland water (1 January 2018). The population density is 9.67/km2 (25.0/sq mi). The population is bilingual with a majority speaking Swedish (57%) and the minority Finnish (42%). The town was chartered in 1649 by Per Brahe the Younger at Kopp\u00f6 island and is named for Queen Christina of Sweden. Kristinestad is known for its old town with low wooden houses and narrow alleys.\nIn April, 2011, Kristinestad became Finland's first Cittaslow community.", "Q714030": "Martyn Ware (born 19 May 1956) is an English and Irish musician, composer, arranger, record producer, and music programmer. As a founding member of both The Human League and Heaven 17, Ware was partly responsible for hit songs such as \"Being Boiled\" and \"Temptation\".\nWare has also worked as a record producer, notably helping to revitalise Tina Turner's career in 1983 with \"Let's Stay Together\", kick starting Terence Trent D'Arby's career by co-producing his solo debut, Introducing the Hardline According to... in 1987 and producing Erasure's I Say I Say I Say album in 1994. He is also noted for work in Surround Sound technology and, more recently, for creation of sound installations.", "Q215873": "Prince Adalbert of Bavaria (German: Adalbert Alfons Maria Ascension Antonius Hubertus Joseph omnes sancti Prinz von Bayern) (3 June 1886 \u2013 29 December 1970) was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach, historian, author and a German Ambassador to Spain.\n\n", "Q366137": "Iver Kleive (born 25 May 1949 in Skien, Norway) is a Norwegian composer and organist. He is known for his composing style which is a fusion of traditional church music with other musical idioms such as blues, jazz, and Norwegian folk music. He has appeared in nearly 200 recordings as a studio musician, composer and arranger.\n\n", "Q86081": "Giovanni di Lorenzo (born 9 March 1959) is a German-Italian journalist. Editor-in-chief (since 2004) of German nationwide weekly newspaper Die Zeit and former editor-in-chief of Berlin's liberal daily newspaper Der Tagesspiegel (1999-2004; has since retained the position of publisher). Additionally di Lorenzo is a prominent talk show host for the Radio Bremen show 3nach9 airing monthly on NDR.", "Q336714": "Francis Leonard Tombs, Baron Tombs (17 May 1924 \u2013 11 April 2020) was an English industrialist and politician who served as a member of the House of Lords from 1990 until his retirement in 2015.", "Q185214": "Anna Christie is a 1930 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer pre-Code tragedy film adaptation of the 1922 play of the same name by Eugene O'Neill. It was adapted by Frances Marion, produced and directed by Clarence Brown with Paul Bern and Irving Thalberg as co-producers. The cinematography was by William H. Daniels, the art direction by Cedric Gibbons and the costume design by Adrian.\nThe film stars Greta Garbo, Charles Bickford, George F. Marion, and Marie Dressler. It was marketed using the slogan \"Garbo Talks!\", as it was her first sound film. Of all its stars, Garbo was the one that MGM kept out of talking films the longest for fear that one of their bigger stars, like so many others, would not succeed in them. Her famous first line is: \"Gimme a whisky, ginger ale on the side, and don't be stingy, baby!\" In fact, Garbo's English was so good by the time she appeared in this film, she had to add an accent in several retakes to sound more like the Swedish Anna. In addition to the English and German-language version of this film, a silent version with titles was also made. George F. Marion performed the role of Anna's father in the original Broadway production and in both the 1923 and 1930 film adaptations.\nIt was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actress (Greta Garbo), Best Cinematography and Best Director.", "Q110019": "Wilhelm Jacoby (1855-1925) was a German playwright, who concentrated largely on creating farces notably the 1890 work Pension Sch\u00f6ller which he co-authored with Carl Laufs. He was the father of the film director George Jacoby, who adapted Pension Sch\u00f6ller into film on three occasions.", "Q351957": "Mait Metsanurk (Born Eduard Hubel, November 19, 1879 \u2013 21 August 1957), was an Estonian writer who led the neo-realist school of Estonian literature.", "Q13298": "Graz ( GRAHTS, German: [\u0261\u0281a\u02d0ts] (listen); Slovene: Gradec) is the capital city of Styria and Austria's second-largest city after Vienna. As of 1 January 2019, Graz had a population of 328,276 (292,269 of whom had principal-residence status). In 2015, the population of the Graz larger urban zone (LUZ) stood at 633,168, based on principal-residence status. Graz has a long tradition as a seat of higher education. It has four colleges and four universities with more than 60,000 students. Its historic centre (Altstadt) is one of the best-preserved city centres in Central Europe.For centuries, Graz was more important to Slovenes and Croats, both politically and culturally, than the capitals of Ljubljana, Slovenia and Zagreb, Croatia; it remains influential to this day. In 1999, the city's historic centre was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites and in 2010 the designation was expanded to include Eggenberg Palace (German: Schloss Eggenberg) on the western edge of the city. Graz was designated the Cultural Capital of Europe in 2003 and became a City of Culinary Delights in 2008.", "Q1856423": "The University of the Republic (Spanish: Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, sometimes UdelaR) is Uruguay's oldest public university. It is by far the country's largest university, as well as the second largest public university in South America and the world's 57th largest by enrollment, with a student body of 137,757 undergraduate students in 2018 and 6,351 postgraduate students in 2012. It was founded on 18 July 1849 in Montevideo, where most of its buildings and facilities are still located. Its current rector is Rodrigo Arim.", "Q33148": "Dead like Me: Life After Death is a 2009 American fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Stephen Herek and written by John Masius and Stephen Godchaux, based on the short-lived 2003 television series Dead Like Me, created by Bryan Fuller.\nFollowing the end of the series, the \"reapers\" have a new boss, Kane, who leads them astray from the rules they followed (mostly) in the TV series. Lead character \"George\" is fired from her job at Happy Time and ends up revealing her identity to her sister, Reggie. George's fellow reapers confront Kane and find that he knows and does not care that their departure from the job rules is causing misfortune elsewhere. Unhappy with his leadership, they try various ways to end his existence. George gets her Happy Time job back, and the reapers await a new boss.\nLaura Harris was unavailable to return as Daisy Adair, and Sarah Wynter replaced her. The rest of the returning cast reprised their roles, with new character Cameron Kane played by Henry Ian Cusick. The film was released on DVD on February 17, 2009, after a month-prior debut on Canada's Super Channel.", "Q4723247": "Sir Alfred George Beech Owen (1909\u20131975) was the son of Alfred Ernest Owen (who in 1910 became the sole-proprietor of the British engineering company Rubery Owen & Co). Sir Alfred was educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge and after the death of his father in 1929 he became, jointly with his brother, managing director of the Rubery Owen Group.\nFollowing his father's death, Sir Alfred George Beech Owen had left his studies at Cambridge to take over the reins of the Rubery Owen Company and showed tremendous energy at the helm of the biggest private family business in Britain. Besides being Chairman and Joint Managing Director of Rubery Owen and Co. Ltd. he was also on the Board of ninety nine companies and Chairman of over eighty.\nHe held thirty voluntary offices in social work, twenty in church work as well as being a lay preacher in the Anglican Church for much of his life.\nSir Alfred was prominent in the local affairs of his home town, The Royal Town of Sutton Coldfield, serving as a councillor (1937\u20131974), mayor (1951) and Alderman. Between 1951-52 he was Mayor of Sutton Coldfield and received his Knighthood in 1961. ln 1970 Alderman Sir Alfred Owen was made Freeman of the Borough of Sutton Coldfield, and was the last person to hold this office.\nSir Alfred Owen had one other passion, racing cars and track events. He sponsored the Formula One BRM racing cars and received the Ferodo trophy as the man who had done the most for British racing in 1963. He was proprietor of the BRM motor racing team from the early-1950s to 1974. It was passed on to the man who married his sister Jean, Louis Stanley.\nHis father had bought the New Hall Manor estate in Sutton Coldfield in 1923 and New Hall remained the Owen family home until Sir Alfred's death in 1975.\nSir Alfred died on 29 October 1975, leaving New Hall empty. He is buried with his family in Sutton Coldfield Cemetery, next to Good Hope Hospital on Rectory Road. The Rubery Owen Group spent several years looking for a use for New Hall, including offering it to the National Trust, before it was eventually put up for sale.\nA blue plaque appears at New Hall, now a hotel, in recognition of the occupation by Sir Alfred.\n\n", "Q116468": "Runaway is a 1984 American Metrocolor science fiction action film written and directed by Michael Crichton, starring Tom Selleck, Gene Simmons, Cynthia Rhodes and Kirstie Alley filmed in Panavision. Selleck portrays a police officer assigned to track down dangerous robots, while Simmons is a scientist who hopes to profit from his malevolent manipulation of robots. The film was a box office disappointment and received mixed reviews.", "Q86095": "Heinrich von Ficker (November 22, 1881 \u2013 April 29, 1957) was a German-Austrian meteorologist and geophysicist who was a native of Munich. He was the son of historian Julius von Ficker (1826\u20131902).", "Q430894": "Margaret Dale (born Margaret Rosendale; March 6, 1876 \u2013 March 23, 1972) was an American stage and film actress. She performed on Broadway for over fifty years and occasionally did films in the 1920s. She appeared in a large number of Broadway hits over the course of her years as an actress.", "Q678840": "Armando Trovajoli (also Trovaioli, 2 September 1917 in Rome \u2013 28 February 2013 in Rome) was an Italian film composer and pianist with over 300 credits as composer and/or conductor, many of them jazz scores for exploitation films of the Commedia all'italiana genre. He collaborated with Vittorio De Sica on a number of projects, including one segment of Boccaccio '70. Trovajoli was also the author of several Italian musicals: among them, Rugantino and Aggiungi un posto a tavola.Trovajoli was the widower of actress Pier Angeli. He died in Rome at the age of 95 on 28 February 2013.", "Q1291976": "Edward Hull \"Boss\" Crump (October 2, 1874 \u2013 October 16, 1954) was an American politician from Memphis, Tennessee. Representing the Democratic Party, he was the dominant force in the city's politics for most of the first half of the 20th century, during which the city had a commission form of government. He also dominated Tennessee state politics for most of the time from the 1920s to the 1940s. He was elected and served as mayor of Memphis from 1910 through 1915, and again briefly in 1940. However, he effectively appointed every mayor elected from 1915 to 1954.", "Q879809": "Holger Hiller (born 26 December 1956) is a German musician.\nHiller studied art at the Hochschule f\u00fcr bildende K\u00fcnste in Hamburg, where he met Walter Thielsch and Thomas Fehlmann and recorded first works with them. With Fehlmann he later founded the band Palais Schaumburg in 1980, of which he was the singer. At the same time his solo career began. Hiller was one of the first musicians in Europe to use the sampler as his main or sole instrument.\nFrom 1984 on he lived in London, eventually working as producer for Mute Records. In 1988 he recorded Ohi Ho Bang Bang with video artist Akiko Hada. The video shows Hiller and Karl Bonnie creating different sounds from every item in a room, from those sounds the song is made by means of cutting, whereas every sound is still in sync with the video footage of its creation. This transfer of sampling techniques from music to video might have been pioneering, only 10 years later it got popular with Timber by Coldcut who used custom-made software to create it.\nSince 2003 Hiller lives in Berlin, working as an English language teacher.\n\n", "Q201812": "Huddersfield is a large market town in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England. It has a population of 162,949 at the 2011 census. It lies 14 miles (23 km) southwest of Leeds, west of Wakefield and north of Sheffield. As well as 24 miles (39 km) northeast of Manchester. It is the administrative centre of the wider metropolitan borough of Kirklees.\nHuddersfield is near the confluence of the River Colne and the River Holme. Within the historic county boundaries of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is the largest urban area in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees and the administrative centre of the borough. The town is known for its role in the Industrial Revolution, and for being the birthplaces of rugby league, Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson, and the film star James Mason.\nHuddersfield is home to rugby league team Huddersfield Giants, founded in 1895, who play in the Super League, and Championship football team Huddersfield Town A.F.C., founded in 1908. The town is home to the University of Huddersfield and the sixth form colleges Greenhead College, Kirklees College and Huddersfield New College.\nHuddersfield is a town of Victorian architecture. Huddersfield railway station is a Grade I listed building described by John Betjeman as \"the most splendid station fa\u00e7ade in England\", second only to St Pancras, London. The station in St George's Square was renovated at a cost of \u00a34 million and subsequently won the Europa Nostra award for European architecture.", "Q531220": "Davesco-Soragno is a quarter of the city of Lugano, Switzerland. Davesco-Soragno was formerly a municipality of its own, having been incorporated into Lugano in 2004.\nThe municipality contained the villages Davesco and Soragno. It had 194 inhabitants in 1801, which increased to 299 in 1850, 356 in 1900, 456 in 1950, 707 in 1980 and 1288 in 2000.", "Q69534": "Sebastian Sailer (12 February 1714 in Wei\u00dfenhorn \u2013 7 March 1777 in Obermarchtal), born Johann Valentin Sailer, was a German Premonstratensian Baroque preacher and writer. He is especially known for his comedies written in Swabian German.", "Q237378": "Ay\u015fe Ajda Pekkan (Turkish pronunciation: [a\u0292\u02c8da pek\u02c8kan]; born 12 February 1946) is a Turkish singer. She is known by the titles \"Superstar\" and \"Diva\" in the Turkish media. Pekkan became a prominent figure of Turkish pop music with her songs, in which she tried to create a strong female figure. By keeping her works updated and getting influence from Western elements, she managed to become one of Turkey's modern and enduring icons in different periods. Her musical style has kept her popular for more than 50 years and has inspired many of her successors. Pekkan is highly respected in the music industry and her vocal techniques together with many of her albums were praised by music critics.\nBorn in Beyo\u011flu, Istanbul, Pekkan's musical career began in the early 1960s when she appeared in a nightclub as a member of the music group Los \u00c7atikos. However, in 1963, when she won the Ses magazine's cinema artist competition, she became known as an actress, and for a number of years she pursued an acting career. In the same year, she played the leading role in her first film Adanal\u0131 Tayfur and became one of the young faces of Turkish cinema at the time. Over the next six years, she starred in nearly 50 black and white films, including \u015e\u0131psevdi (1963), H\u0131z\u0131r Dede (1964) and \u015eaka ile Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k (1965). She eventually quit acting and focused entirely on her singing career.\nPekkan spent the first twenty years of her singing career with dozens of songs released as cover versions. These songs, which were generally written by Fikret \u015eene\u015f and included \"Kimler Geldi Kimler Ge\u00e7ti\", \"Palavra Palavra\", \"Sana Neler Edece\u011fim\", \"Ho\u015f G\u00f6r Sen\", \"Sana Ne Kime Ne\", \"Bamba\u015fka Biri\", \"Uykusuz Her Gece\" and \"O Benim D\u00fcnyam\", later took their place among the best known songs of both Pekkan's career and the Turkish pop music genre. From the 1990s onwards, she worked with various songwriters and arrangers, including \u015eehrazat and Sezen Aksu. During this period, many of her songs such as \"Yaz Yaz Yaz\", \"Sar\u0131l Bana\", \"E\u011flen G\u00fczelim\", \"Vitrin\", \"Aynen \u00d6yle\" and \"Yakar Ge\u00e7erim\" ranked among the best songs on Turkey's music charts.\nHer fame grew steadily throughout the 1970s outside her home country, and particularly in Europe, and it was reinforced by concerts in different countries. She also recorded a French album in 1978. Due to her increasing popularity, Pekkan was viewed as a potential candidate to represent Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1980 and she reluctantly accepted to participate in the contest. Disappointed that her song \"Pet'r Oil\" ranked fifteenth in the contest, she decided to take a break from her career for a few years.\nSelling over 15 million records, Ajda Pekkan is one of the best-selling artists of all time in Turkey. She is one of the leading figures of Westernization in her country with both her art and her public image. She also holds the title of \"State Artist\" in Turkey and has been awarded the honorary distinction of Officier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French government. Three of her albums were included in the list of the Best 100 Albums of Turkey by H\u00fcrriyet newspaper. In 2016, Pekkan's name appeared in The Hollywood Reporter's Power 100, a list of the 100 most powerful women in entertainment. Although she does not self-identify as a feminist, many of her songs which tell the stories of powerful women were used as feminist anthems.", "Q76414": "Ludwig Bemelmans (April 26, 1898 \u2013 October 1, 1962) was an Austrian-born American writer and illustrator of children's books. He is known best for the Madeline picture books. Six were published since 1939.", "Q4239942": "Pavel Vladimirovich Krasheninnikov (Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, born 21 June 1964 in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Soviet Union) is a Russian lawyer and politician.\nFrom 1998 to August 1999 (Sergei Kiriyenko's Cabinet, Yevgeny Primakov's Cabinet, Sergei Stepashin's Cabinet) he was Justice Minister of Russia.\nSince 1999 he has been a Deputy of the State Duma, at first from Union of Rightist Forces and later joined United Russia.", "Q388944": "Wrong Turn is a 2003 slasher film directed by Rob Schmidt and written by Alan B. McElroy. The film stars Desmond Harrington, Eliza Dushku, Emmanuelle Chriqui, Jeremy Sisto and Kevin Zegers. The film was released on May 30, 2003.", "Q3806": "T\u00fcbingen (German: [\u02c8ty\u02d0b\u026a\u014b\u0259n], listen , Swabian: Dibenga) is a traditional university town in central Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is situated 30 km (19 mi) south of the state capital, Stuttgart, on a ridge between the Neckar and Ammer rivers. As of 2014 about one in three of the 90,000 people living in T\u00fcbingen is a student. As of the 2018/2019 winter semester, 27,665 students attend the Eberhard Karls University of T\u00fcbingen. The city has the lowest median age in Germany, in part due to its status as a university town; as of December 31, 2015, the average age of a citizen of T\u00fcbingen is 39.1 years.Immediately north of the city lies the Sch\u00f6nbuch, a densely wooded nature park. The Swabian Alb mountains rise about 13 km (8 mi) (beeline T\u00fcbingen City to Ro\u00dfberg - 869 m) to the southeast of T\u00fcbingen.\nThe Ammer and Steinlach rivers discharge into the Neckar river, which flows right through the town, just south of the medieval old town in an easterly direction. Large parts of the city are hilly, with the Schlossberg and the \u00d6sterberg in the city centre and the Schnarrenberg and Herrlesberg, among others, rising immediately adjacent to the inner city.\nThe highest point is at about 500 m (1,640.42 ft) above sea level near Bebenhausen in the Sch\u00f6nbuch forest, while the lowest point is 305 m (1,000.66 ft) in the town's eastern Neckar valley.\nNearby the Botanical Gardens of the city's university, in a small forest called Elysium, lies the geographical centre of the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.", "Q155545": "Eug\u00e8ne Rose de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg ([\u00f8.\u0292\u025bn d\u0259\u203fbo.a\u0281.n\u025b]; 3 September 1781 \u2013 21 February 1824) was the first child and only son of Alexandre de Beauharnais and Jos\u00e9phine Tascher de la Pagerie, first wife of Napoleon I.\nHe was born in Paris, France, and became the stepson and adopted child (but not the heir to the imperial throne) of Napoleon I. His biological father was executed during the revolutionary Reign of Terror. He commanded the Army of Italy and was Viceroy of Italy under his stepfather.\nHistorians consider him one of the ablest of Napoleon's relatives.", "Q29110": "Paavo Tapio Lipponen (pronunciation ) (born 23 April 1941) is a Finnish politician and former reporter. He was Prime Minister of Finland from 1995 to 2003, and Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Finland from 1993 to 2005. He also served as Speaker of the Parliament of Finland from 2003 to 2007 and was his party's nominee in the 2012 Finnish presidential election but received only 6.7% of the votes, making it the biggest defeat the Social Democratic Party had ever received in Finnish Presidential elections at the time. Lipponen is currently the oldest living former Prime Minister of Finland.\n\n", "Q113510": "Karl Ritter von Scherzer (sometimes written Carl; May 1, 1821 in Vienna \u2013 February 19, 1903 in G\u00f6rz,) was an Austrian explorer, diplomat and natural scientist.\n\n", "Q236066": "Amanda Joy Michalka ( mee-SHAH-kah; born April 10, 1991) is an American actress, voice actress, singer-songwriter, and musician. She was a model before becoming an actress, and is best known as one half of the duo Aly and AJ (formerly 78Violet) with her sister Aly Michalka. AJ recorded the theme song and accompanying music video for the film Secretariat, titled \"It's Who You Are\". She also issued a single and video called \"All I've Ever Needed\" from her 2013 film Grace Unplugged. She has had a successful acting career, and had the reoccurring role of Lainey Lewis on the ABC sitcom The Goldbergs for the first, second, and fifth season, and she was promoted to a regular role on the series for the third and fourth seasons. She has starred with her Goldbergs colleagues Tim Meadows and Bryan Callen in the spin-off Schooled since January 2019. Michalka also has a lead role in the Netflix series She-Ra and the Princesses of Power, in which she voices Catra, the former best friend and current rival to She-Ra. She voices the character Stevonnie in Steven Universe, a fusion of the protagonist Steven and his best friend Connie.", "Q239355": "Solomon ibn Gabirol (also Solomon ben Judah; Hebrew: \u05e9\u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05d1\u05df \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d1\u05df \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05dc\u200e Shlomo Ben Yehuda ibn Gabirol, pronounced [\u0283e.lo\u02c8mo b\u025bn j\u025b.hu\u02c8da\u02d0 \u02c8\u026a.bn \u02ccga.bi.\u02c8r\u0252\u02d0l]; Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u200e Abu Ayyub Sulayman bin Yahya bin Jabirul, pronounced [\u00e6.\u02c8bu\u02d0 \u00e6j.ju\u02d0b \u02ccsu.l\u00e6j.\u02c8m\u00e6\u02d0n\u026a bn\u026a \u02ccj\u00e6'\u0127j\u00e6\u02d0 bn\u026a d\u0292\u00e6.bi\u02d0.\u02c8ru\u02d0l]) was an 11th-century Andalusian poet and Jewish philosopher with a Neo-Platonic bent. He published over a hundred poems, as well as works of biblical exegesis, philosophy, ethics and satire. One source credits ibn Gabirol with creating a golem, possibly female, for household chores.In the 19th century it was discovered that medieval translators had Latinized Gabirol's name to Avicebron or Avencebrol and had translated his work on Jewish Neo-Platonic philosophy into a Latin form that had in the intervening centuries been highly regarded as a work of Islamic or Christian scholarship. As such, ibn Gabirol is well known in the history of philosophy for the doctrine that all things, including soul and intellect, are composed of matter and form (\u201cUniversal Hylomorphism\u201d), and for his emphasis on divine will.", "Q3288486": "Gustav Schwarzenegger (17 August 1907 \u2013 13 December 1972) was an Austrian police chief (Gendarmeriekommandant), postal inspector and a military police officer. He was the father of Arnold Schwarzenegger.\n\n", "Q175695": "Viktor Vladimirovich Ponedelnik (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a, born 22 May 1937 in Rostov-on-Don) is a Russian former footballer and former manager, who played for the Soviet Union national team.\nPonedelnik first started playing for a local team, Rostselmash, in 1956. In 1958, he switched to SKA Rostov-on-Don and was invited to join the Soviet national team. In the 1960 European Championship, the only major Championship ever won by the Soviet Union, Ponedelnik headed home the winning goal in extra time in the final game against Yugoslavia. Ponedelnik retired in 1966 after gaining weight and undergoing surgery for appendicitis. He scored 20 (according to some accounts, 21) goals in 29 games for his country.\nIn later years, Ponedelnik worked as a coach, a sports journalist, an editor of a sports publication, and an advisor to the President of the Russian Federation. He has received numerous awards for his contribution to Soviet and Russian sport. He is married and has three children and four grandchildren.\nIn Rostov-on-Don at the stadium, Olimp-2 28 August 2015 a monument depicting a young Ponedelnik with the cup in his hands.", "Q303977": "Let's Go to Prison is a 2006 American comedy film directed by Bob Odenkirk and starring Dax Shepard, Will Arnett and Chi McBride. The film was loosely based on the non-fiction book, You Are Going to Prison by Jim Hogshire. It was released in theatres November 17, 2006.", "Q846421": "West Hollywood, commonly referred to as WeHo (), is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Incorporated in 1984, it is home to the Sunset Strip. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, its population was 34,399. It is considered one of the most prominent gay villages in the United States.", "Q103065": "Louis Weinert-Wilton (1875 \u2013 1945) was a Sudeten German playwright and novelist.\nDuring the boom in Krimi films in West German cinema during the 1960s, several of his mystery novels were adapted into films due to their similarity with the popular Edgar Wallace series of Rialto Film.", "Q465665": "Michelle Stephenson (born 3 January 1977) is a British singer and television presenter. At the age of 17, she was briefly a member of the English girl group that would go on to become the Spice Girls.\n\n", "Q145030": "Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (1605\u20131689) was a 17th-century French gem merchant and traveler. Tavernier, a private individual and merchant traveling at his own expense, covered, by his own account, 60,000 leagues (120,000 miles) in making six voyages to Persia and India between the years 1630 and 1668. In 1675, Tavernier, at the behest of his patron Louis XIV, published Les Six Voyages de Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (Six Voyages, 1676).Tavernier was born in Paris of a French or Flemish Huguenot family that had emigrated to Antwerp, to escape persecution, and which subsequently returned to Paris after the publication of the Edict of Nantes, which promised protection for French Protestants. Both his father Gabriel and his brother Melchior Tavernier were cartographers. Though it is clear from the accuracy of his drawings that Tavernier received some instruction in the art of cartography/engraving, he was possessed of a wanderlust. While still a teenager, he traveled extensively through Europe and achieved a working knowledge of its major languages.\nTavernier is best known for his 1666 discovery/purchase of the 116-carat Tavernier Blue diamond that he subsequently sold to Louis XIV of France in 1668 for 120,000 livres, the equivalent of 172,000 ounces of pure gold, and a letter of ennoblement. (Five years later, Louis had his court jeweler Jean Pitau recut the stone into the 68 carat French Blue and had it set as a hatpin. The gem was reset by his great-grandson Louis XV in The Medal of The Order of the Golden Fleece, stolen in 1792, and was recut and re-emerged in London 30 years later as the Hope Diamond). \nIn 1669, Tavernier purchased for 60,000 livres the Seigneury of Aubonne, located in the Duchy of Savoy near the city of Geneva, and became Baron of Aubonne.\nTavernier's writings show that he was a keen observer, as well as a remarkable cultural anthropologist. His Six Voyages became a best seller and was translated into German, Dutch, Italian, and English during his lifetime. The work is frequently quoted by modern scholars writing about the period.", "Q16486": "Gail Ann Williams (born in Berkeley, California) has been the director of The WELL since 1998. She graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in the 1970s and got involved in political theater as both a creative and management member of the Plutonium Players troupe. She was a principal in their long-touring satirical show spoofing anti-feminist politics, Ladies Against Women, throughout the years of the Ronald Reagan presidency.\nIn December 1991, she joined the management team of the prototypic online community, The WELL, in the role of community manager. In 1998 she took the post of Executive Director. When The WELL was acquired by Salon.com in 1999, Williams stayed on. Currently she serves as Salon's Director of Communities, overseeing The WELL and Salon's Table Talk community.\nShe is a member of the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences. In 2000 Williams was named as one of the Top 25 Women of the Web.\n\n", "Q29676": "Toni R\u00fcttimann, (Pontresina, 21 August 1967) is a Swiss bridge builder who works in Southeast Asia and in Latin America, where he is known as Toni el Suizo (Toni the Swiss).\n\nToni R\u00fcttimann works independently alongside communities in need, using recycled materials and charging no fees.Companies contribute by donating their used material and local governments concede permits and help with transportation in recognition of the fact that the main effort is made by the population. No one asks for anything in return and the bridge belongs to the population who built it.The bridges are for use of pedestrians, pack animals, motorcycles, two-wheel-tractors \u2013 but not for cars.\nIn every country where Toni works, he builds up a small team of national welders and looks for one \u201cbridge-building partner\u201d, to whom he teaches his craft, and who in turn is able to perform maintenance duties on the bridges built.Toni has no home residence: he carries everything he needs in two bags. One for his personal belongings, the other for his laptop computer and a few tools for his trade.In collaboration with local communities, he has built 760 bridges which serve two million people (as of August 22, 2017).", "Q155223": "The National Basketball Association (NBA) is a men's professional basketball league in North America, composed of 30 teams (29 in the United States and 1 in Canada). It is one of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada, and is widely considered to be the premier men's professional basketball league in the world.The league was founded in New York City on June 6, 1946, as the Basketball Association of America (BAA). It changed its name to the National Basketball Association on August 3, 1949, after merging with the competing National Basketball League (NBL). The NBA's regular season runs from October to April, with each team playing 82 games. Its playoffs extend into June. As of 2015, NBA players are the world's best paid athletes by average annual salary per player.The NBA is an active member of USA Basketball (USAB), which is recognized by FIBA (also known as the International Basketball Federation) as the national governing body for basketball in the United States. The league's several international as well as individual team offices are directed out of its head offices in Midtown Manhattan, while its NBA Entertainment and NBA TV studios are directed out of offices located in Secaucus, New Jersey.", "Q325768": "Hristo Zhivkov (Christo Jivkov) is a Bulgarian actor. He is best known for his performance as St. John in Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ .He is also set to reprise his role as St. John in Gibson's coming sequel, entitled The Resurrection of the Christ.", "Q719266": "Frederic Fenimore Forrest Jr. (born December 23, 1936) is an American actor. Forrest came to public attention for his performance in When the Legends Die (1972), which earned him a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer. He went on to receive Academy and Golden Globe Award nominations in the Best Supporting Actor category for his portrayal of Huston Dyer in musical drama The Rose (1979).\nForrest portrayed Jay \"Chef\" Hicks in Francis Ford Coppola's epic war film Apocalypse Now (1979), and collaborated with Coppola on four other films: The Conversation (1974), One from the Heart (1982), Hammett (1982) and Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1988). Other credits include The Missouri Breaks (1976), The Two Jakes (1990) and Falling Down (1993), along with the television series 21 Jump Street, Lonesome Dove and Die Kinder.", "Q76372": "Wolfgang Benz (born 9 June 1941) is a German historian from Ellwangen. He was the director of the Center for Research on Antisemitism of the Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin between 1990 and 2011.", "Q79041": "Erich Hackl (born 26 May 1954 in Steyr, Upper Austria) is an Austrian novelist and short-story writer. His works have been translated into English, Spanish, French and Czech, though he is significantly better known in the German-speaking world. Many of his works, notably Sara und Sim\u00f3n, bear resemblance to Latin-American testimonial literature, and as such have been the focus of scholarly research by Latin Americanists.\nHis work has also been well received in the UK. A review in The Times Literary Supplement called The Wedding in Auschwitz \u201can exceptional book\u201d because the author \u201chas chosen not to conceal the documentary origins of his novel. Rather than producing a researched-based fictionalized account, honouring history and abiding by the literary conventions, he has given himself entirely to the subject \u2026 a remarkable suppression of the authorial ego \u2026 Hackl does not impose a novelist\u2019s order \u2026 and yet the tension of the story never fails, interest never wanes. This is because Hackl understands that any ambiguity about detail is in contrast to an unshakeable sense of inevitability, and his narrative exploits what every reader must know: there will be no happy endings.\u201d\n\n", "Q324476": "Grimm Love (original German title Rohtenburg, a pun on roh \"raw\" + Rotenburg) is a 2006 psychological horror film inspired by the Armin Meiwes cannibal murder case.", "Q266137": "Satyender Kapoor (1931 \u2013 27 October 2007), also credited as Satyen Kapoor , was an Indian character actor in Bollywood films. He has acted in 390 films. His most remembered role is Ramlal in the movie Sholay (1975) and as Amitabh Bachchan's father in Yash Chopra's Deewaar. His other notable films are Kati Patang, Anuraag, Amar Prem, Yaadon Ki Baraat, Khote Sikkay, Don, Chhoti Bahu, Benaam, Zanjeer, Avishkaar, Majboor, Namak Halaal, Kaala Patthar, Angaaray, Mr. Natwarlal, Red Rose, Naya Kadam and Aaj Ka M.L.A. Ram Avtar.", "Q905518": "Dimitrije \"Mita\" Davidovi\u0107 (Zemun, Habsburg Monarchy, 12 October 1789 \u2013 Smederevo, Principality of Serbia, 24 March 1838) was a Serbian politician serving as the Prime Minister of Serbia, Minister of Education and chief secretary of cabinet to Prince Milo\u0161 Obrenovi\u0107 I. He was also a writer, philosopher, journalist, publisher, historian, diplomat and the founder of modern Serbian journalism and publishing.", "Q276324": "Claudine Rosalie Gras (October 22, 1878 \u2013 January 29, 1936), professionally known as Rose Dione, was a French-American actress who appeared in numerous silent era and pre-code films. She appeared in 68 films between 1910 and 1932. She was born in Dardilly, Rh\u00f4ne in France, and died in Los Angeles, California. She was probably best known for her final role as Madame Tetralini in the film Freaks (1932).", "Q529309": "Valentin Grigoriyevich Rasputin (; Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043d; 15 March 1937 \u2013 14 March 2015) was a Russian writer. He was born and lived much of his life in the Irkutsk Oblast in Eastern Siberia. Rasputin's works depict rootless urban characters and the fight for survival of centuries-old traditional rural ways of life, addressing complex questions of ethics and spiritual revival.", "Q334665": "Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432; 1 April [O.S. 19 March] 1906 \u2013 22 August 1989) was a Soviet aeronautical engineer. He designed the Yakovlev military aircraft and founded the Yakovlev Design Bureau. Yakovlev joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1938.", "Q2369237": "Jeremy Bulloch (born 16 February 1945) is a retired English actor best known for the role of the bounty hunter Boba Fett in the original Star Wars trilogy. He has appeared in numerous British television and film productions, including Doctor Who and Robin of Sherwood.", "Q69252": "\u00c9palinges is a municipality in the district of Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.\nIt is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.", "Q92786": "Tom Kilburn (11 August 1921 \u2013 17 January 2001) was an English mathematician and computer scientist. Over the course of a productive 30-year career, he was involved in the development of five computers of great historical significance. With Freddie Williams he worked on the Williams\u2013Kilburn tube and the world's first electronic stored-program computer, the Manchester Baby, while working at the University of Manchester. His work propelled Manchester and Britain into the forefront of the emerging field of computer science.A graduate of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, Kilburn worked on radar at the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) in Malvern under Frederic Calland Williams during the Second World War. After the war ended, he was recruited by Williams to work on the development of computers at the University of Manchester. He led the development of a succession of innovative Manchester computers that incorporated a host of ground-breaking innovations and developments, including the Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first commercial computer, and the Atlas, one of the first time-sharing multiprocessing computers that incorporated job scheduling, spooling, interrupts, pipelining and paging.", "Q346595": "Jonathan Scott Frakes (born August 19, 1952) is an American actor and director. Frakes is best known for his portrayal of Commander William T. Riker in the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation and subsequent films. Frakes also hosted the television series Beyond Belief: Fact or Fiction. In June 2011, Frakes narrated the History Channel documentary Lee and Grant. He was the voice for David Xanatos in the Disney television series Gargoyles.\nFrakes directed while starring in Star Trek: First Contact as well as Star Trek: Insurrection. He directed episodes of several Star Trek television series and The Orville. He is the author of the novel The Abductors: Conspiracy.\n\n", "Q439668": "Karen Morley (born Mildred Linton, December 12, 1909 \u2013 March 8, 2003) was an American film actress.", "Q62307": "Nawab Zulfiqar Ali Magsi (Urdu: \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06af\u0633\u06cc ), (born 14 February 1954 in Jhal Magsi, Balochistan) was the 20th Governor of Balochistan Province since 28 February 2008 to 9 June 2013 as well as the chief executive of Balochistan since 14 January 2013. He is the Nawab and Tumandar of Magsi Tribe, Governor and the Chief Executive of Balochistan, a senior politician and the former Chief Minister of Balochistan province in the Benazir Bhutto government of 1993\u20131996. Nawab was appointed as the Chief Executive of Balochistan on 13 January 2013 after the sacking of Aslam Raisani's unpopular government and imposing of Governors Rule. It was the main after effect of the January 2013 Pakistan bombings. Nawab Magsi did his schooling from Aitchison College, Lahore. He first came to politics in 1977, when he won as an independent candidate seat from his native constituency in provincial assembly. However, his family was involved in Balochistan politics before Pakistani independence. He served in many provincial ministries and also worked in the Home Ministry in the 1990s. In 1993, his coalition won majority of seats and he became Chief Minister of Balochistan.\nIn February 2008 elections, he again stood as an independent candidate from his native PB-32 Jhal Magsi constituency and won without any opposition. On 27 February 2008, the caretaker Chief Minister Sardar Mohammad Saleh Bhootani announced officially that Nawab Magsi would be the next Governor of Balochistan province. On 28 February 2008 Nawab Magsi took oath in the Governor House at Quetta. In the ceremony, he promised to resolve the ongoing military operation in Balochistan, missing political workers and bring peace in province. On Wednesday, 19 March 2008, Nawab Magsi asked Balochistan Government issue an outstanding bill against federal government and the Sindh Government of 128bn rupees. Zulfikar Ali Magsi is married to Shama Parveen Magsi, who was previously married to his paternal uncle.", "Q1701638": "John Snyder Carlile (December 16, 1817 \u2013 October 24, 1878) was an American merchant, lawyer, and politician, including a United States Senator. A strong supporter of the Union cause during the American Civil War, he represented the loyalist faction of Virginia, which was eventually separated into two distinct states.", "Q158707": "Thelma Catherine \"Pat\" Nixon (n\u00e9e Ryan; March 16, 1912 \u2013 June 22, 1993), also commonly known as Patricia Nixon, was an American educator and the wife of Richard Nixon, the 37th President of the United States. During her more than 30 years in public life, she served as both the Second (1953\u20131961) and First Lady of the United States (1969\u20131974).\nBorn in Ely, Nevada, she grew up with her two brothers in what is now Cerritos, California, graduating from high school in 1929. She attended Fullerton Junior College and later the University of Southern California. She paid for her schooling by working multiple jobs, including pharmacy manager, typist, radiographer, and retail clerk. In 1940, she married lawyer Richard Nixon and they had two daughters, Tricia and Julie. Dubbed the \"Nixon team,\" Richard and Pat Nixon campaigned together in his successful congressional campaigns of 1946 and 1948. Richard Nixon was elected Vice President in 1952 alongside General Dwight D. Eisenhower, whereupon Pat became Second Lady. Pat Nixon did much to add substance to the role of the Vice President's wife, insisting on visiting schools, orphanages, hospitals, and village markets as she undertook many missions of goodwill across the world.\nAs First Lady, Pat Nixon promoted a number of charitable causes, including volunteerism. She oversaw the collection of more than 600 pieces of historic art and furnishings for the White House, an acquisition larger than that of any other administration. She was the most traveled First Lady in U.S. history, a record unsurpassed until twenty-five years later. She accompanied the President as the first First Lady to visit China and the Soviet Union, and was the first President's wife to be officially designated a representative of the United States on her solo trips to Africa and South America, which gained her recognition as \"Madame Ambassador\"; she was also the first First Lady to enter a combat zone. Her tenure ended when, after being re-elected in a landslide victory in 1972, President Nixon resigned two years later amid the Watergate scandal.\nHer public appearances became increasingly rare later in life. She and her husband settled in San Clemente, California, and later moved to New Jersey. She suffered two strokes, one in 1976 and another in 1983, and was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1992. She died in 1993, aged 81.", "Q19757470": "Moe Brooker (born 1940) is American artist. Working in painting and fabrics, Brooker employs bright colors such as \"saturated pinks, mellow yellows and lime greens (that) are feasts for the eyes,\" as well as stripes and checked patterns. He is nationally known and has received a number of awards and honors, including the James Van Der Zee lifetime achievement award.\n\n", "Q234117": "Zelma Kathryn Elisabeth Hedrick (February 9, 1922 \u2013 February 17, 2010) was an American actress and coloratura soprano.From the age of twelve, Grayson trained as an opera singer. She was under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer by the early 1940s, soon establishing a career principally through her work in musicals. After several supporting roles, she was a lead performer in such films as Thousands Cheer (1943), Anchors Aweigh (1945) with Frank Sinatra and Gene Kelly, and Show Boat (1951) and Kiss Me Kate (1953), both with Howard Keel.When film musical production declined, she worked in theatre, appearing in Camelot (1962\u20131964). Later in the decade she performed in several operas, including La boh\u00e8me, Madama Butterfly, Orpheus in the Underworld and La traviata.", "Q160298": "Jan Skala (17 June 1889 \u2013 22 January 1945) was a Sorbian journalist, poet and leading ideologist of the Sorbian national movement. In the interwar period (1918\u20131945) he was active in the Association of National Minorities in Germany for the rights of non-German ethnic groups in the Germany.", "Q1001311": "Buddy Starcher (born Oby Edgar Starcher; 16 March 1906, Ripley, West Virginia \u2013 died 2 November 2001, Harrisonburg, Virginia) was an American country singer whose first record releases were in 1946, although he had been performing since his teens, often billed as \"The Boy from Down Home\".He starred on his own show on WCHS-TV from 1960 to 1966, and ran a record label named B.E.S. (for his initials) during this time. However, he is best known for his spoken word recording entitled \"History Repeats Itself\", written with Minnie Pearl. Originally released on his own label in 1965, it was re-released on the larger and better distributed Boone Records in 1966. The track recounts uncanny similarities between the assassinations of Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy, accompanied by a musical background featuring \"Battle Hymn of the Republic\" and \"America the Beautiful\".The re-released single hit No. 39 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and the album of the same name from which it was drawn peaked at No. 37 on the US Country Albums chart.His wife, Mary Ann Starcher (n\u00e9e Estes), was also a musician and often appeared with him on his television show.", "Q437645": "Rudy Sarzo (born Rodolfo Maximiliano Sarzo Lavieille Grande Ruiz Payret y Chaumont, November 18, 1950) is a Cuban American hard rock/heavy metal bassist. Sarzo remains best known for his work with Quiet Riot, Ozzy Osbourne, and Whitesnake, and has also played with several well known heavy metal and hard rock acts including Manic Eden, Dio, Blue \u00d6yster Cult, Geoff Tate's Queensr\u00ffche and Devil City Angels. He is currently the bass player for The Guess Who.", "Q1689470": "Jimmy Wilson (possibly January 21, 1918, 1921 or 1923 \u2013 February 5, 1965 or February 24, 1966) was an American West Coast blues singer, best known for his 1953 hit \"Tin Pan Alley\".", "Q851613": "Beveridge Webster (May 13, 1908, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania \u2013 June 30, 1999, Hanover, New Hampshire) was an American pianist and educator.\nBeveridge Webster studied with his father, initially, and in 1921, at age 14, he began five years of study in Europe, first at the American Academy at Fontainebleau, then at the Paris Conservatory with Isidor Philipp and Nadia Boulanger. He also studied in Berlin with Artur Schnabel. He made his New York debut in November 1934 with the New York Philharmonic performing Edward MacDowell's Piano Concerto No. 2.Perhaps best known as an interpreter of French composers, especially Maurice Ravel, Webster gave premieres or made first recordings of many contemporary works, including pieces by Louise Talma, Roger Sessions, Roy Harris, Aaron Copland and Elliott Carter. In 1968, over a three-concert series at The Town Hall, he commemorated the 50th anniversary of Claude Debussy's death with the first complete survey of the composer's piano works in New York.A Time magazine article from 1937 said of Webster, \"Dark, well-knit, young Beveridge Webster is a good swimmer, takes pride in his tennis, likes to play poker or bridge with his great good friend Igor Stravinsky. He boasts of the little slam he once made against Sidney Lenz.\"He taught at New England Conservatory from 1940 to 1946 and at the Juilliard School from 1946 to 1990. His students include Michel Block, Robert McDonald, Jahja Ling, Sylvia Glickman, Steven Graff and Hao Huang. He made a substantial series of recordings issued on LP by Dover Publications and at least one, billed as the first installment in a complete traversal of Schubert's piano sonatas, for MGM Records, released as E3711.\nBeveridge Webster had two children. One of them is Michael Webster, former principal clarinet of the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra. He played under the baton of Aaron Copland for a performance of Copland's clarinet concerto. Michael Webster now teaches at the Shepherd School at Rice University in Houston, Texas.", "Q57394": "Nursultan \u00c4bishuly Nazarbayev (born 6 July 1940) is a Kazakh politician currently serving as the Chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan and previously served as the first President of Kazakhstan, in office from 24 April 1990 to his resignation on 19 March 2019. He is one of the longest-served non-royal leaders in the world, having ruled Kazakhstan for nearly three decades. He was named First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR in 1989 and was elected as the nation's first president following its independence from the Soviet Union. He holds the title \"Leader of the Nation\". In April 2015, Nazarbayev was re-elected with almost 98% of the vote, as he ran virtually unopposed.Nazarbayev has been accused of human rights abuses by several human rights organisations and suppressed dissent and presided over an authoritarian regime. No election held in Kazakhstan since independence has been judged to be free or fair by the West. In 2010, he announced reforms to encourage a multi-party system. In January 2017, Nazarbayev proposed constitutional reforms that would delegate powers to the Parliament of Kazakhstan.", "Q92976": "Stuart Feldman is the creator of the computer software program make for UNIX systems. He was also an author of the first Fortran 77 compiler, and he was part of the original group at Bell Labs that created the Unix operating system.Feldman is head of Schmidt Sciences at the foundation Schmidt Philanthropies, and a member of the dean's External Advisory Board at the University of Michigan's School of Information. He was previously Vice President, Engineering, East Coast, at Google, and before that Vice President of Computer Science at IBM Research. Feldman has served on the board of the Computing Research Association (CRA) and of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB International). He was chair of ACM SIGPLAN and founding chair of ACM SIGecom. He was elected the President of the ACM in 2006. Feldman is also a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of ACM Queue, a magazine he helped found with Steve Bourne. He has also served on the editorial boards of IEEE Internet Computing and IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.\nHe received an A.B. in astrophysical sciences from Princeton University and a Ph.D in applied mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. \nFeldman became a Fellow of the IEEE in 1991 and a Fellow of the ACM in 1995. In 2003, he was awarded ACM's Software System Award for his creation of make.Feldman also participated in development of the ALTRAN programming language.", "Q78377": "Dr. Willy Cohn (12 December 1888 in Breslau \u2013 29 November 1941 in Kaunas, Lithuania) was a German historian and teacher. During the Nazi era, he documented the Jewish life in Breslau in his diaries, until he and his family were deported to German-occupied Lithuania and killed.\nCohn's diaries, translated into English and condensed, were published in 2012 as No Justice in Germany: The Breslau Diaries, 1933-1941 by Stanford University Press. Along with Victor Klemperer, Cohn was one of the most important chroniclers of the crimes of the Nazi regime against the Jewish people.", "Q206833": "Denise Lee Richards (born February 17, 1971) is an American actress, former fashion model, and television personality. Her most recognized roles are Carmen Ibanez in Starship Troopers (1997), Kelly Van Ryan in Wild Things (1998) and Bond girl Christmas Jones in The World Is Not Enough (1999). She has also appeared in films Drop Dead Gorgeous (1999), Valentine (2001), Undercover Brother (2002), Scary Movie 3 (2003) and Madea's Witness Protection (2012). Her television roles include Paramount Network's sitcom Blue Mountain State (2010\u201311), ABC Family's mystery-thriller series Twisted (2013\u201314) and CBS' soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful (2019\u2013present).\nRichards starred on the E! reality show Denise Richards: It's Complicated (2008\u201309). She currently stars on the Bravo reality television series The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (2019\u2013present). In 2011, Richards published a memoir The Real Girl Next Door, which became a New York Times Best Seller.", "Q79069": "Count Anton Alexander von Auersperg, also known under the name Anastasius Gr\u00fcn (11 April 1806 \u2013 12 September 1876), was an Austrian poet and liberal politician from Carniola.", "Q681215": "Gros-de-Vaud District (French: District du Gros-de-Vaud) is a district in Vaud canton.\nGros-de-Vaud has an area, as of 2009, of 230.78 square kilometers (89.10 sq mi). Of this area, 154.01 km2 (59.46 sq mi) or 66.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 54.62 km2 (21.09 sq mi) or 23.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 21.45 km2 (8.28 sq mi) or 9.3% is settled (buildings or roads) and 0.77 km2 (0.30 sq mi) or 0.3% is unproductive land.", "Q271463": "Kinue Hitomi (\u4eba\u898b \u7d79\u679d, Hitomi Kinue, January 1, 1907 \u2013 August 2, 1931) was a Japanese athlete. She was the world record holder in several events in the 1920s \u2013 1930s and was the first Japanese woman to win an Olympic medal.", "Q432715": "Gladys Alberta Bentley (August 12, 1907 \u2013 January 18, 1960) was an American blues singer, pianist, and entertainer during the Harlem Renaissance.\nHer career skyrocketed when she appeared at Harry Hansberry's Clam House in New York in the 1920s, as a black, lesbian, cross-dressing performer. She headlined in the early 1930s at Harlem's Ubangi Club, where she was backed up by a chorus line of drag queens. She dressed in men's clothes (including a signature tuxedo and top hat), played piano, and sang her own raunchy lyrics to popular tunes of the day in a deep, growling voice while flirting with women in the audience.\nOn the decline of the Harlem speakeasies with the repeal of Prohibition, she relocated to southern California, where she was billed as \"America's Greatest Sepia Piano Player\" and the \"Brown Bomber of Sophisticated Songs\". She was frequently harassed for wearing men's clothing. She tried to continue her musical career but did not achieve as much success as she had had in the past. Bentley was openly lesbian early in her career, but during the McCarthy Era she started wearing dresses and married, claiming to have been \"cured\" by taking female hormones.\n\n", "Q1446285": "Gregory Smith (born 21 May 1963 in Valley Stream, New York) is an American bassist and vocalist.\nHe grew up in Valley Stream, New York (Long Island, Nassau County) and attended Valley Stream Central High School.\nHe has collaborated with Billy Joel, Wendy O. Williams, Alice Cooper, Rainbow, Blue \u00d6yster Cult, Dokken, Vinnie Moore, Joe Lynn Turner, Ted Nugent, Tommy James & the Shondells, Alan Parsons, The Turtles, Felix Cavaliere, Chuck Negron, Joey Molland. Denny Laine, Glenn Frey, The Wizards of Winter and Mitch Ryder.\nSmith appears in the film Wayne's World as a member of Alice Cooper's band, performing \"Feed My Frankenstein\". He was the original bassist for the Tony Award-winning Billy Joel and Twyla Tharp musical Movin' Out on Broadway from June 2002 to December 2005, and on the road from February 2006 to January 2007.", "Q2853745": "Jean-Antoine Brutus Menier (May 17, 1795 \u2013 December 19, 1853) was a French entrepreneur and founder of the Menier family of chocolatiers. Born in Germain-de-Bourgeuil, Indre-et-Loire, he was the third child in a family of merchants. In 1811 Antoine Brutus Menier was enrolled in the La Fl\u00e8che Military Academy where he studied the composition of pharmaceuticals. The following year the 17-year-old served with the medical staff of La Grande Arm\u00e9e in Napoleon's invasion of Russia. In 1813 he was employed at Val-de-Gr\u00e2ce military hospital in Paris.\nIn 1816, Antoine Brutus Menier married Marie-Edm\u00e9e Virginie Pichon. With her sizeable dowry he was able to go into business and he established the Menier Hardware Company in the Marais district of Paris. Although not certified as a pharmacist, Menier began preparing and selling a variety of powders for medicinal purposes. This aspect of the business grew rapidly and in 1825 he began an expansion through the acquisition of a second production facility on land on the banks of the Marne River at Noisiel, then a small village of less than 200 inhabitants at the outskirts of Paris.\nChocolate was used as a medicinal product and was only one part of the overall business. Success led to a modernization of the Noisel facility in 1830 that made it the first factory in France to have a mechanized mass production process for chocolate. By 1832 Menier's company offered a wide range of medicinal powders and began publishing a catalog detailing its product line. Following the development of solid chocolate, Menier introduced a block of chocolate wrapped in decorative yellow paper.\nAntoine Brutus Menier's success earned him considerable recognition throughout France but soon brought with it criticism for his lack of certification as a pharmacist. However, his skills were such that in 1839 he passed the necessary exams and received his diploma. For his contribution to the growth of the economy of France, in 1842 the government awarded him the Legion of Honor.\nIn the spring of 1853 Antoine Brutus Menier suffered a stroke that left him paralysed and management of the business was assumed by his son Emile-Justin Menier in a year that saw the company produce more than 4,000 tons of chocolate. Antoine Brutus Menier died in December at his home in Passy. He was buried in the P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.", "Q603564": "Ant\u00f4nio Meneses Neto (born 23 August 1957 in Recife) is a Brazilian cellist.\nAntonio Meneses was born into a family of musicians. His father was first horn player at the Opera of Rio de Janeiro. He began to study the cello when he was ten. During a tour in South America, the famous cellist Antonio Janigro met him and asked him to join his classes in D\u00fcsseldorf and then in Stuttgart.\nIn 1977, he won the first Prize at the International Competition in Munich and in 1982 he was awarded first Prize and gold Medal at the Tchaikowsky Competition in Moscow.", "Q1146700": "Jesus College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college's full name is The College of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint John the Evangelist and the glorious Virgin Saint Radegund, near Cambridge. Its common name comes from the name of its chapel, Jesus Chapel.\nJesus College was established between 1496 and 1516 on the site of the twelfth-century Benedictine nunnery of St Mary and St Radegund by John Alcock, then Bishop of Ely. The cockerel is the symbol of Jesus College, after the surname of its founder.\nJesus College has assets of approximately \u00a3344m making it Cambridge\u2019s fifth-wealthiest college. The college is known for its particularly expansive grounds which include its sporting fields and for its close proximity to its boathouse.\nThree members of Jesus College have received a Nobel Prize. Two fellows of the college have been appointed to the International Court of Justice. Notable alumni include Thomas Cranmer, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Thomas Robert Malthus, Lord Reid, Lord Toulson, Sir Rupert Jackson, Sir David Hare, Sir Roger Scruton, Nick Hornby, and the members of the band Clean Bandit.\nSonita Alleyne was elected master of Jesus College in 2019. She will be the first woman to hold the role, 40 years after the college began admitting women as students.", "Q190631": "Bette Midler (; born December 1, 1945) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, comedian, and film producer. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Midler began her professional career in several Off-Off-Broadway plays, prior to her engagements in Fiddler on the Roof and Salvation on Broadway in the late 1960s. She came to prominence in 1970 when she began singing in the Continental Baths, a local gay bathhouse where she managed to build up a core following. Since 1970, Midler has released 14 studio albums as a solo artist. Throughout her career, many of her songs became hits on the record charts, including her renditions of \"The Rose\", \"Wind Beneath My Wings\", \"Do You Want to Dance\", \"Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy\", and \"From a Distance\".\nMidler made her motion picture debut in 1979 with The Rose, which earned her a Golden Globe for Best Actress, as well as a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She has since starred in a number of hit films, which include: Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1986), Ruthless People (1986), Outrageous Fortune (1987), Big Business (1988), Beaches (1988), Hocus Pocus (1993), The First Wives Club (1996), The Stepford Wives (2004), and Parental Guidance (2012). She also starred in For the Boys (1991) and Gypsy (1993), winning two additional Golden Globes for these films and receiving a second Academy Award nomination for the former. In 2008, she signed a contract with Caesars Palace in Las Vegas to perform a show titled Bette Midler: The Showgirl Must Go On, which ended in 2010.\nIn a career spanning almost half a century, Midler has won three Grammy Awards, four Golden Globes, three Emmy Awards, and a Tony Award. She has sold over 30 million records worldwide, and has received four Gold, three Platinum, and three Multiplatinum albums by RIAA. Midler's latest work included appearing on Broadway in a revival of Hello, Dolly!, which began preview performances on March 15, 2017 and premiered at the Shubert Theatre on April 20, 2017. It was her first leading role in a Broadway musical. On June 11, 2017, Midler received the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for the title role in Hello, Dolly!.", "Q193338": "Daniel Robert Elfman (born May 29, 1953) is an American composer, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and voice actor. He first became well known as the singer-songwriter for the new wave band Oingo Boingo in the early 1980s, and has since garnered international recognition for writing over 100 feature film scores, as well as compositions for television, stage productions, and the concert hall.\nElfman has frequently worked with directors Tim Burton, Sam Raimi, and Gus Van Sant, with notable achievements the scores for 16 Burton-directed films including Batman, Edward Scissorhands, Alice in Wonderland, and Dumbo; Raimi's Spider-Man, Spider-Man 2, and Oz the Great and Powerful; and Van Sant's Academy Award-nominated films Good Will Hunting and Milk. He wrote music for all of the Men in Black and Fifty Shades of Grey franchise films, the songs and score for the Burton-produced animated musical The Nightmare Before Christmas, and the themes for the popular television series Desperate Housewives and The Simpsons.Among his honors are four Oscar nominations, two Emmy Awards, a Grammy, six Saturn Awards for Best Music, the 2002 Richard Kirk Award, the 2015 Disney Legend Award, and the Max Steiner Film Music Achievement Award in 2017.", "Q428995": "The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. The Ancient Greek word Hellas (\u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2, Ell\u00e1s) is the original word for Greece, from which the word Hellenistic was derived.During the Hellenistic period Greek cultural influence and power reached the peak of its geographical expansion, being dominant in the Mediterranean World and most of West and Central Asia, even in parts of the Indian subcontinent, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism, Epicureanism, and Pyrrhonism. Greek science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and a syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism in Bactria and Northwest India.\n\nAfter Alexander the Great's invasion of the Achaemenid Empire in 330 BC and its disintegration shortly after, the Hellenistic kingdoms were established throughout south-west Asia (Seleucid Empire, Kingdom of Pergamon), north-east Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South Asia (Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom). The Hellenistic period was characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization which established Greek cities and kingdoms in Asia and Africa. This resulted in the export of Greek culture and language to these new realms, spanning as far as modern-day India. Equally, however, these new kingdoms were influenced by the indigenous cultures, adopting local practices where beneficial, necessary, or convenient. Hellenistic culture thus represents a fusion of the Ancient Greek world with that of the Near East, Middle East, Northeast Africa and Southwest Asia. This mixture gave rise to a common Attic-based Greek dialect, known as Koine Greek, which became the lingua franca through the Hellenistic world.\nScholars and historians are divided as to what event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achaean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in AD 330. \"Hellenistic\" is distinguished from \"Hellenic\" in that the first encompasses the entire sphere of direct ancient Greek influence, while the latter refers to Greece itself.", "Q109206": "Peter M\u00e4rthesheimer (Kiel, 9 July 1937 \u2013 Berlin, 18 June 2004) was a German screenwriter, producer and author.", "Q223443": "Devendra Obi Banhart (born May 30, 1981) is a Venezuelan American singer-songwriter and visual artist. Banhart was born in Houston, Texas and was raised by his mother in Venezuela, until he moved to California as a teenager. He began to study at the San Francisco Art Institute in 1998, but dropped out to perform music in Europe, San Francisco and Los Angeles. Banhart released his debut album in 2002, continuing to record his material on the Young God and XL labels, as well as other work on compilations and collaborations.", "Q235221": "Sally Kirkland (born October 31, 1941) is an American film, television and stage actress. She received Golden Globe and Independent Spirit Awards, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, for her performance in Anna (1987). Kirkland was the lead actress in Cold Feet (1989), and was nominated for a Golden Globe award for her work in The Haunted (1991).", "Q110757": "Elke Aberle (born 1 July 1950) is a German actress.", "Q724871": "Estanislao Severo Zeballos (27 July 1854 - 4 October 1923) was an Argentine lawyer and politician who was Minister of Foreign Affairs of his country three times. \nHe was one of the most prominent intellectuals and politicians of his time. He wrote on a broad range of subjects in books and periodicals, including Catholicism, history, ethnography and geography.", "Q982339": "J\u00f6rn Johan Donner (5 February 1933 \u2013 30 January 2020) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish writer, film director, actor, producer, politician, founder of Finnish Film Archive and a member of the Donner family of German descent. He was the son of the linguist Kai Donner and the grandson of linguist and politician Otto Donner.\nJ\u00f6rn Donner for long periods lived and worked in Sweden, and, among other things, served as director of the Swedish Film Institute. In 1979, he was a member of the jury at the 29th Berlin International Film Festival. Internationally J\u00f6rn Donner was best known as the producer of Ingmar Bergman's film Fanny and Alexander (Fanny och Alexander, 1982). In 1984 the movie won a total of four Academy Awards including the award for best foreign language film, making him to date the only Finn to receive an Oscar. His novel Far och son (Father and Son) won the Finlandia Prize in 1985.\nDonner was associated with several different political parties, such as SDP and RKP, and was at different times a member both of the Finnish parliament and the European Parliament. As of 2007 he was again a member of the Finnish parliament for a short while, after Eva Biaudet resigned to take a position at the OSCE.\nDonner suffered from prostate and lung cancers. He died of lung disease at Meilahti hospital in Helsinki on 30 January 2020, six days before his 87th birthday.", "Q35277": "Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the fundamental nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and matter, between substance and attribute, and between potentiality and actuality. The word \"metaphysics\" comes from two Greek words that, together, literally mean \"after or behind or among [the study of] the natural\". It has been suggested that the term might have been coined by a first century AD editor who assembled various small selections of Aristotle\u2019s works into the treatise we now know by the name Metaphysics (ta meta ta phusika, 'after the Physics\u2009', another of Aristotle's works).Metaphysics studies questions related to what it is for something to exist and what types of existence there are. Metaphysics seeks to answer, in an abstract and fully general manner, the questions:\nWhat is there?\nWhat is it like?Topics of metaphysical investigation include existence, objects and their properties, space and time, cause and effect, and possibility.", "Q42941": "Agra ( (listen)) is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is 206 kilometres (128 mi) south of the national capital New Delhi. Agra is the fourth-most populous city in Uttar Pradesh and 24th in India.Agra is a major tourist destination because of its many Mughal-era buildings, most notably the Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Agra is included on the Golden Triangle tourist circuit, along with Delhi and Jaipur; and the Uttar Pradesh Heritage Arc, a tourist circuit of Uttar Pradesh, along with Lucknow and Varanasi. Agra is in the Braj cultural region.\nThe history of Agra before the Delhi Sultanate is unclear. A 17th century chronicle called the Agra before Sikandar Lod\u012b's time (1488\u20131517) as an old settlement which was merely a village, owing to its destruction by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. The 11th-century Persian poet Mas'\u016bd Sa'd Salm\u0101n writes of an assault on the fortress of Agra, then held by King Jaypal, by Mahmud of Ghazni. Despite his surrender, Mahmud sacked the place. It was mentioned for the first time in 1080 AD when a Ghaznavide force captured it. Sikandar was the first sultan to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in 1504, its administration having previously been under Bayana. He governed the country from here and Agra assumed the importance of the second capital. He died in 1517 and his son, Ibr\u0101h\u012bm Lod\u012b, remained in power there for nine more years. Several palaces, wells, and a mosque were built by him in the fort during his period. He was finally defeated at the Battle of Panipat in 1526. Between 1540 and 1556, Afghans, beginning with Sher Shah Suri, ruled the area. It was the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1556 to 1648. The city was later taken by the Marathas and later still fell to the British Raj.", "Q182553": "William Dullam Robbins (May 7, 1874 \u2013 March 25, 1952) was the 45th Mayor of Toronto from 1936 to 1937. He was appointed mayor after the death of incumbent Sam McBride and remained in office until defeated by Ralph Day in the 1937 elections. Robbins was considered a representative of labour in Toronto city politics, but was also a member of the Conservative Party. He served 18 years on city council and the Board of Control before becoming mayor. He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada. He died after years of ill health at his Toronto home in 1952.", "Q98283": "Paul Westheim (August 7, 1886 in Eschwege, Germany \u2013 December 21, 1963 in Berlin, Germany) was a German art historian and publisher of the magazine Das Kunstblatt.", "Q427318": "The Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences (Spanish name: Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, F\u00edsicas y Naturales) was founded in 1847. It is dedicated to the study and research of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and related sciences.", "Q141518": "Big Business is a 1988 American comedy film starring Bette Midler and Lily Tomlin (each playing two roles). The movie revolves around two sets of identical female twins mismatched at birth, with one of each pair ending in a wealthy urban family (the Sheltons) and the other in a poor rural family (the Ratliffs). It was produced by Touchstone Pictures, with the plot loosely based on The Comedy of Errors (1589\u20131594) by William Shakespeare.\nThe film co-stars Chris Aable who also played twins in a scene with Fred Ward, Edward Herrmann, Joe Grifasi, and Seth Green, as well as siblings Michael Gross and Mary Gross. Directed by Jim Abrahams, critical reaction to the film as a whole was generally lukewarm. Midler received an American Comedy Award in the category Funniest Actress in a Motion Picture for her performance and Tomlin was nominated for the same award in 1989.", "Q109560": "Kai Gehring (born 26 December 1977) is a German politician of the Green Party who has been serving as a Member of the German Parliament since 2005.", "Q319907": "Can Bonomo (born 16 May 1987) is a Turkish singer who represented Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan.\n\n", "Q136790": "Guillermo Enrique Billinghurst Angulo (Arica, July 27, 1851 \u2013 Iquique, June 28, 1915) was a Peruvian politician who served as the 31st President of Peru. He succeeded Augusto B. Legu\u00eda, from 1912 to 1914. Billinghurst was of part English descent. The surname Billinghurst is a locational name 'of Billinghurst' a parish in Sussex, England.\nDuring his presidency, Billinghurst became embroiled in an increasingly bitter series of conflicts with Congress, ranging from proposed advanced social legislation to settlement of the Tacna-Arica dispute.\nThis provoked a military uprising organized by civilian opponents to his regime who used the military to carry out a coup. As a result of the uprising, Billinghurst was sent into exile in Chile where he died shortly thereafter.", "Q781201": "Austra is a Canadian electronic music band from Toronto, Ontario, founded by composer, singer-songwriter, and producer Katie Stelmanis in 2009. Stelmanis is the only permanent member of the project, with a rotating live band that has included Maya Postepski (drums), Dorian Wolf (bass, Moog), and Ryan Wonsiak (keyboards). It previously also featured the twin backing singers Sari and Romy Lightman of Tasseomancy. The band have released three studio albums\u2014Feel It Break (2011), Olympia (2013), and Future Politics (2017).", "Q4720766": "Countess Alexandra Tolstoy-Miloslavsky (born 14 July 1973) is a British equine adventurer, broadcaster, socialite, and businesswoman, and a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. She has made several long distance journeys on horses which have provided the material for television documentaries, books and talks.", "Q115149": "Christian M\u00e4hr (born 1952) is an Austrian chemist and science fiction writer. His novel Fatous Staub concerns parallel worlds, computers, and the mathematical work of Pierre Fatou. It won the Deutscher Science Fiction Preis and the Kurd-La\u00dfwitz-Preis for 1992.\n\n", "Q133830": "Alexandre Mouton (November 19, 1804 \u2013 February 12, 1885) was a United States Senator and the 11th Governor of Louisiana.", "Q279759": "Thetakudi Harihara Vinayakram (born 11 August 1942), also known as Vikku Vinayakram, is a Grammy Award\u2013winning (Planet Drum) Indian percussionist. He plays Carnatic music with the ghatam, an earthen pot, and is credited with popularising the ghatam.\nHe was awarded the Padma Shri, given by Government of India in 2002, and later the 2012 Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, the highest honour in the performing arts conferred by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama. Finally he was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2014.", "Q188718": "The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 epic war film directed by David Lean and based on the 1952 novel written by Pierre Boulle. The film uses the historical setting of the construction of the Burma Railway in 1942\u20131943. The cast included William Holden, Jack Hawkins, Alec Guinness, and Sessue Hayakawa.\nIt was initially scripted by screenwriter Carl Foreman, who was later replaced by Michael Wilson. Both writers had to work in secret, as they were on the Hollywood blacklist and had fled to the UK in order to continue working. As a result, Boulle, who did not speak English, was credited and received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay; many years later, Foreman and Wilson posthumously received the Academy Award.The film was widely praised, winning seven Academy Awards (including Best Picture) at the 30th Academy Awards. In 1997, the film was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress. It has been included on the American Film Institute's list of best American films ever made. In 1999, the British Film Institute voted The Bridge on the River Kwai the 11th greatest British film of the 20th century.", "Q11859114": "Eva-Mari Aro (born 1950) is a Finnish biologist and professor of plant molecular biology at the University of Turku, Finland. Her research has focused on the function, regulation, damage, repair, and evolution of the machinery of photosynthesis, with applications in renewable energy. She was elected to the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters in 2001 and was elected a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences in 2018.\n\n", "Q144460": "\u00c8ve Francis (20 August 1886 \u2013 6 December 1980) was an actress and film-maker. She was born in Belgium but spent most of her career in France. She became closely associated with the writer Paul Claudel, and she was married to the critic and film-maker Louis Delluc.\n\n", "Q313594": "Kirsan Nikolayevich Ilyumzhinov (Russian: \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0418\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0436\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432, [k\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8san n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj(\u026a)v\u02b2\u026at\u0361\u0255 \u026al\u02b2\u0289m\u02c8\u0291in\u0259f]; Kalmyk: \u04ae\u043b\u043c\u0497\u0438\u043d \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0441\u04d9\u043d, \u00dclmcin Kirs\u0259n, [yl\u0259m\u02c8d\u0361\u0292i\u02d0\u014b cir\u02c8s\u00e6\u02d0\u014b], Mongolian: \u04ae\u043b\u044d\u043c\u0436\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0425\u044f\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043d, romanized: \u00dclemjiin Khyarsan, [\u028a\u026e\u0259m\u02c8d\u0361\u0292i\u02d0\u014b xir\u02c8s\u0251\u014b]; born April 5, 1962) is a Russian businessman and politician. He was the President of the Republic of Kalmykia in the Russian Federation from 1993 to 2010, and was president of FIDE, the international governing body for the game of chess, from 1995 to 2018. He has also been in the forefront of promoting chess in schools in Russia and overseas. He is the founder of Novy Vzglyad publishing house.", "Q5287": "Japanese (\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e, Nihongo [\u0272iho\u014b\u0261o] (listen)) is an East Asian language spoken by about 128 million people, primarily in Japan, where it is the national language. It is a member of the Japonic (or Japanese-Ryukyuan) language family, and its relation to other languages, such as Korean, is debated. Japonic languages have been grouped with other language families such as Ainu, Austroasiatic, and the now-discredited Altaic, but none of these proposals has gained widespread acceptance.\nLittle is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial texts did not appear until the 8th century. During the Heian period (794\u20131185), Chinese had considerable influence on the vocabulary and phonology of Old Japanese. Late Middle Japanese (1185\u20131600) included changes in features that brought it closer to the modern language, and the first appearance of European loanwords. The standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo (modern Tokyo) region in the Early Modern Japanese period (early 17th century\u2013mid-19th century). Following the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853, the flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly. English loanwords, in particular, have become frequent, and Japanese words from English roots have proliferated.\nJapanese is an agglutinative, mora-timed language with simple phonotactics, a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent. Word order is normally subject\u2013object\u2013verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, and sentence structure is topic\u2013comment. Sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or make questions. Nouns have no grammatical number or gender, and there are no articles. Verbs are conjugated, primarily for tense and voice, but not person. Japanese equivalents of adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has a complex system of honorifics with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of the speaker, the listener, and persons mentioned.\nJapanese has no genetic relationship with Chinese, but it makes extensive use of Chinese characters, or kanji (\u6f22\u5b57), in its writing system, and a large portion of its vocabulary is borrowed from Chinese. Along with kanji, the Japanese writing system primarily uses two syllabic (or moraic) scripts, hiragana (\u3072\u3089\u304c\u306a or \u5e73\u4eee\u540d) and katakana (\u30ab\u30bf\u30ab\u30ca or \u7247\u4eee\u540d). Latin script is used in a limited fashion, such as for imported acronyms, and the numeral system uses mostly Arabic numerals alongside traditional Chinese numerals.", "Q78411": "Karl Christian Sigismund Bernhardi (5 October 1799, Ottrau \u2013 1 August 1874, Kassel) was a German librarian and politician.\nHe studied theology at the University of Marburg, and afterwards worked as a private tutor in Brussels. He furthered his education at the State University of Leuven, where he subsequently received the post of university librarian. In 1829 he relocated to Kassel as successor to Jakob Grimm at the Kassel State Library.In Kassel he was deeply involved with political, social and cultural concerns. In 1834 he co-founded the Anstalt zur Erziehung armer und verwahrloster Knaben, an institution that dealt with the education of underprivileged youth. He was an editor of the liberal newspaper Der Verfassungsfreund, and in 1834 was co-founder of the Vereins f\u00fcr hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde (Association for Hessian history and regional studies). From 1835 to 1840 he served as director of the Kassel citizens' committee and in 1848 was elected to the Frankfurt Parliament. The eponymous Karl-Bernhardi-Strasse, located behind the Fridericianum in Kassel, is named in his honor.In 1844 he published a \"language map\" of Germany, Sprachkarte von Deutschland (2nd edition, 1849 with Wilhelm Stricker) \u2014 a work that helped spark interest in the linguistic study of German dialects. His other noteworthy publications include:\n\nWegweiser durch die deutschen Volks- und Jugendschriften (with August L\u00fcben), 1852 \u2013 Guide to German popular and young peoples' writings.\nDie Sprachgrenze zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich, 1871 \u2013 The language border between Germany and France.Bernhardi was the author of numerous articles in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie.", "Q4061575": "Vasily Georgievich Aleksanyan (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0301\u043d, Armenian: \u054e\u0561\u057d\u056b\u056c\u056b \u0531\u056c\u0565\u0584\u057d\u0561\u0576\u0575\u0561\u0576; 15 December 1971 \u2013 2 October 2011) was a Russian lawyer and a former Executive Vice President of Yukos oil company. He headed the company\u2019s legal department and represented Mikhail Khodorkovsky when the Kremlin accused the oil tycoon and his managers of money laundering and embezzlement in 2006. Aleksanyan was arrested and charged as an accomplice to tax evasion and money laundering. After refusing to allegedly provide false evidence against other Yukos executives, he served two years in prison while suffering from advanced cancer and AIDS. After a decision by European Court of Human Rights, he was released on a bond on 12 January 2009, dying from complications of AIDS on 2 October 2011.", "Q1275372": "ENSAE Paris (officially \u00c9cole nationale de la statistique et de l'administration \u00e9conomique Paris) is a French grande \u00e9cole of engineering and a member of ParisTech (Paris Institute of Technology). ENSAE Paris is known as the branch school of \u00c9cole Polytechnique for statistics, data science and machine learning.\nIt is one of France's top schools of economics, statistics, data science and machine learning and is directly attached to France's Institut national de la statistique et des \u00e9tudes \u00e9conomiques (INSEE) and the French Ministry of Economy and Finance.\nStudents are given a proficient training both in economics and statistics and they can specialize in macroeconomics, microeconomics, statistics or finance.\nThe ENSAE has the ability to train its students for the French actuary graduation (Institut des Actuaires).", "Q472457": "Tom Rachman (born 1974) is an English/Canadian novelist. His debut novel was The Imperfectionists, published in 2010 by Dial Press, an imprint of Random House. The book has been published in 25 languages. \nRachman was born in London, England, and grew up in Vancouver. Rachman studied cinema at the University of Toronto and obtained a master's degree from Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. He worked as a journalist for the Associated Press and the International Herald Tribune. He currently lives in London. His brother is the Financial Times columnist Gideon Rachman; their sister Emily died of breast cancer in 2012.\n\n", "Q67531": "Paul Speratus (13 December 1484 \u2013 12 August 1551) was a Catholic priest who became a Protestant preacher, reformer and hymn-writer. In 1523, he helped Martin Luther to create the First Lutheran hymnal, published in 1524 and called Achtliederbuch.", "Q260208": "Dolls (\u30c9\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba, D\u014druzu) is a 2002 Japanese film written, edited and directed by Japanese director Takeshi Kitano. A highly stylized art film, Dolls is part of Kitano's non-crime film oeuvre, like 1991's A Scene at the Sea, and unlike most of his other films, he does not act in it. The film has been praised for its cinematography (Katsumi Yanagishima) and features costumes by Yohji Yamamoto.", "Q443852": "Alton is a city on the Mississippi River in Madison County, Illinois, United States, about 15 miles (24 km) north of St. Louis, Missouri. The population was 27,865 at the 2010 census. It is a part of the Metro-East region of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area. It is famous for its limestone bluffs along the river north of the city, for its role preceding and during the American Civil War, and as the home town of jazz musician Miles Davis and Robert Wadlow, the tallest known person in history. It was the site of the last Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas debate in October 1858. The former state penitentiary in Alton was used during the Civil War to hold up to 12,000 Confederate prisoners of war.", "Q846409": "Gardena is a city located in the South Bay (southwestern) region of Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 58,829 at the 2010 census, up from 57,746 at the 2000 census. Until 2014, the US census cited the City of Gardena as the place with the highest percentage of Japanese Americans in California. Gardena has a large Japanese population, helping make the South Bay region of Los Angeles home to the largest concentration of Japanese companies within the mainland United States.", "Q71347": "Justus Georg Schottelius (Latinized Justus-Georgius Schottelius; born 23 June 1612 in Einbeck, died 25 October 1676 in Wolfenb\u00fcttel) was a leading figure of the German Baroque, best known for his publications on German grammar, language theory and poetics.", "Q707702": "Cai Yong (Chinese: \u8521\u9095; pinyin: C\u00e0i y\u014dng, 132\u2013192), courtesy name Bojie, was an official and scholar of the Eastern Han dynasty. He was well-versed in calligraphy, music, mathematics and astronomy. One of his daughters, Cai Yan / Cai Wenji, was also a famous poet and musician.\n\n", "Q102421": "Peter Simon (born 4 April 1967) was Member of the European Parliament (MEP) representing Germany from 2009 until 2019.", "Q858623": "Hideki Fujisawa (\u85e4\u6ca2 \u79c0\u6a39, Fujisawa Hideki) (born October 12, 1963) is a Japanese musician, better known by the stage name Dance Man (\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u2606\u30de\u30f3, Dansu Man). Dance\u2606Man calls himself an alien from \"Mirror Ball Planet\". He is always seen wearing a huge afro wig and sideburns, matched with sunglasses. He is very secretive about his identity to the public, and does not release any personal information in his CDs or his official website.\nFujisawa is currently signed to independent record label In Da Groove, distributed by Nippon Columbia.", "Q519590": "Clare Consuelo Sheridan (n\u00e9e Frewen; 9 September 1885 \u2013 31 May 1970), was an English sculptor, journalist and writer known primarily for creating busts for famous sitters and writing diaries recounting her worldly travels. She was a cousin of Sir Winston Churchill, with whom she had enjoyed an amicable relationship, though her support for the October Revolution in 1917 caused them to break ranks politically. She enjoyed travelling around the world; and among her circle of friends were Princess Margaret of Sweden, Lord and Lady Mountbatten, Lady Diana Cooper, Vita Sackville-West and Vivien Leigh.", "Q271311": "80 Minutes is a 2008 German direct-to-video English-language action thriller film written and directed by Thomas Jahn and starring Gabriel Mann, Natalia Avelon, Joshua Dallas, Oliver Kieran-Jones and Francis Fulton-Smith. The film was released direct-to-video on September 2, 2008 in the United States.", "Q77736": "Alexander Meissner (in German: Alexander Mei\u00dfner) (September 14, 1883 \u2013 January 3, 1958) was an Austrian engineer and physicist. He was born in Vienna and died in Berlin.\nHis field of interest was: antenna design, amplification and detection advanced the development of radio telegraphy. In March 1913 he discovered the principle of positive feedback independently of Edwin Armstrong, and applying positive feedback to vacuum tube amplifiers co-invented the electronic oscillator, which became the basis of radio transmission by 1920 and has innumerable uses today. The inductively-coupled oscillator circuit he invented is today known as the Meissner oscillator.", "Q489197": "Torrance is a coastal U.S. city in the South Bay (southwestern) region of Los Angeles County, California, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Torrance has 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of beaches on the Pacific Ocean. Torrance has a moderate year-round climate with warm temperatures, daily sea breezes, low humidity, and an average rainfall of 12.55 inches per year. It is immediately bordered by Lomita to the east, Gardena and Lawndale to the north, Redondo Beach and the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Rolling Hills and Palos Verdes Estates to the south.\nSince its incorporation in 1921, Torrance has grown to a population at the 2010 census of 145,438. This residential and light high-tech industries city has 90,000 street trees and 30 city parks. Known for its low crime rates, the city consistently ranks among the safest cities in Los Angeles County. Torrance is the birthplace of the American Youth Soccer Organization (AYSO). In addition, it has the second-highest percentage of residents of Japanese ancestry in California (8.9%).", "Q737819": "Uragami Gyokud\u014d\u3000or Urakami Gyokud\u014d (\u6d66\u4e0a\u7389\u5802 1745, Kamogata, Okayama - October 10, 1820) was a Japanese musician, painter, poet and calligrapher. In his lifetime, he was best known as a player of the Chinese seven-string zither, the guqin, but people came to appreciate his paintings after his death. His art features strong brushwork, often in patterns of strokes that build up a strong rhythm, and they reflect his musical compositions in relying on a limited number of possibilities that build up to powerful compositions. His Snow Sifted Through Frozen Clouds (\u7d19\u672c\u58a8\u753b\u51cd\u96ea\u7be9\u96f2\u56f3 shihon bokuga t\u014dunshisetsuzu) is recognized as a National Treasure.\nAfter working as a samurai for the Ikeda daimy\u014d, he left his position for ideological reasons to devote himself to travel and the arts. He named his sons \"\"Spring Qin\" and \"Autumn Qin.\" Gyokud\u014d was expert in calligraphy, featuring clerical and running scripts, and he was a fine poet in Chinese.\n\nOne of his music works, the Gyokud\u014d kinpu \u7389\u5802\u7434\u8b5c, is available online\nAn excerpt is available Uragami Gyokud\u014d and the chinese zither guqin based on the book Tall Mountains and Flowing Waters; The Arts of Uragami Gyokud\u014d by Stephen Addiss, Univ. of Hawaii Press, 1987, ISBN 0-8248-1039-2.", "Q2743601": "Dudley Digges (born John Dudley Digges, 9 June 1880 \u2013 24 October 1947) was an Irish stage actor, director, and producer as well as a film actor. Although he gained his initial theatre training and acting experience in Ireland, the vast majority of Digges' career was spent in the United States, where over the span of 43 years he worked in hundreds of stage productions and performed in over 50 films.", "Q364708": "Donal \"Donald\" O'Brien (born 15 September 1930) is an Irish film and television actor. In his near 40-year career, O'Brien appeared in dozens of stage performances and in more than 60 film and television productions.\nO'Brien made his feature film debut in 1953 with Anatole Litvak's war drama Act of Love. He studied acting in Dublin and initially joined the Gate Theatre at age 19 before making the transition to film several years later. O'Brien's performance in The Train (1964), in which he played a Wehrmacht Feldwebel, led to his first break-out role in Grand Prix (1966) starring alongside James Garner and Eva Marie Saint.\nHe was particularly known for his performances in the Spaghetti Western genre of the late-1960s and '70s, with memorable roles in Run, Man, Run (1968), Four of the Apocalypse (1975), Keoma (1976), Mannaja (1977) and Silver Saddle (1978), as well as later appearances in Italian horror, post-apocalyptic, and zombie films. In 1980, O'Brien suffered a head injury which left him in a coma for three days and partially paralysed. Though eventually recovering from his injuries, his mobility was significantly limited for the rest of his life. In spite of this, O'Brien continued to work for another decade in the Italian film industry, almost exclusively for directors Lucio Fulci and Joe D'Amato. His last years included supporting roles in The Name of the Rose (1986) and The Devil's Daughter (1991).", "Q387493": "Juan Jos\u00e9 Su\u00e1rez Coppel is a Mexican economist. He was a director-general of PEMEX, the state-owned government-granted monopoly in Mexico's petroleum industry. He is of Spanish ancestry.", "Q67525": "Gossau is a municipality in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. Besides the village of Gossau itself, the municipality includes the settlements of Bertschikon, Gr\u00fct, Herschmettlen and Ottikon.", "Q562122": "Gunnar Fridtjof Thurmann S\u00f8nsteby DSO (11 January 1918 \u2013 10 May 2012) was a member of the Norwegian resistance movement during the German occupation of Norway in World War II. Known by the nickname \"Kjakan\" (\"The Cheeks\") and as \"Agent No. 24\", he was the most highly decorated citizen in Norway, including being the only person to have been awarded the War Cross with three swords, Norway's highest military decoration.", "Q53680": "Jeffrey Warren Daniels (born February 19, 1955) is an American actor, musician, and playwright whose career includes roles in films, stage productions, and television, for which he has won two Emmy Awards and received several Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, and Tony Award nominations.\nHe made his film debut in Ragtime (1981), and amassed such additional credits as Terms of Endearment (1983), Heartburn (1986), Arachnophobia (1990), Gettysburg (1993), Speed (1994), 101 Dalmatians (1996), Fly Away Home (1996), Pleasantville (1998), The Hours (2002), Gods and Generals (2003), Good Night, and Good Luck (2005), Infamous (2006), The Lookout (2007), Looper (2012), Steve Jobs (2015), and The Martian (2015).\nDaniels is also known for playing Harry Dunne in the buddy comedy Dumb and Dumber (1994) and its sequel Dumb and Dumber To (2014). He received Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actor for his performances in The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985), Something Wild (1986), and The Squid and the Whale (2005).\nDaniels has also received a number of award nominations for his work on stage, including Tony Award nominations for Best Actor for his roles in the plays God of Carnage, Blackbird and To Kill a Mockingbird. He is the founder and current executive director of the Chelsea, Michigan\u2013based Purple Rose Theatre Company.\nFrom 2012 to 2014, Daniels starred as Will McAvoy in the HBO political drama series The Newsroom, for which he won the 2013 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and received Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. He won a second Primetime Emmy Award in 2018 for his supporting performance in the Netflix miniseries Godless (2017) and an additional nomination that year for his leading performance as John P. O'Neill in the Hulu miniseries The Looming Tower (2018).", "Q2579525": "Lieutenant General Sir William Francis Drummond Jervois (10 September 1821 \u2013 17 August 1897) was a British military engineer and diplomat. After joining the British Army in 1839, he saw service, as a second captain, in South Africa. In 1858, as a major, he was appointed Secretary of a Royal Commission set up to examine the state and efficiency of British land-based fortifications against naval attack; and this led to further work in Canada and South Australia. From 1875 to 1888 he was, consecutively, Governor of the Straits Settlements, Governor of South Australia and Governor of New Zealand.\n\n", "Q88084": "Hugo Sonnenschein (pseudonym: Sonka, Hugo Sonka) (May 25, 1889, Kyjov, Moravia \u2013 July 20, 1953, M\u00edrov) was an Austrian writer from Bohemia. He contributed to the Czech-language Communist newspaper Pr\u016fkopn\u00edk svobody.", "Q823291": "Jozef Siv\u00e1k (14 January 1886 in Bobrovec \u2013 27 January 1959 in Bratislava) was the prime minister of the Autonomy Government of Slovakia of the Second Czechoslovak Republic from 9 March 1939 to 11 March 1939.", "Q448913": "Professor Lena Barbara Kolarska-Bobi\u0144ska (born 3 December 1947 in Prague) is a Polish sociologist, academic and political figure. Most recently, she served as the Polish Minister of Science and Higher Education from 2013 to 2015.\nIn order to take the appointment, she resigned as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP), where she represented the Lublin region from the Civic Platform Party list from 2009.\nShe is a graduate of the Sociology Department of the University of Warsaw, as well as a post-doctoral fellow at Stanford University and the Business School of Carnegie Mellon University. She also holds a Doctorate (dr. hab.)(1974) and the title of Professor from the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), where she was head of the Department of Economics and Politics until 1991. From 1991 to 1997 she was director of CBOS, Poland's largest public opinion research centre. From 1997 until July 2009, she has been the director of the Institute of Public Affairs, Poland, an independent, non-partisan public policy think tank, stepping down upon her election to the European Parliament.\nKolarska-Bobi\u0144ska has written over 300 books and articles. She has been a lecturer at universities in Poland and abroad. She often comments on political and social developments for Polish and international media. She is a regular columnist for the Polish newspaper \"Gazeta Wyborcza\" and was until 2009, a regular columnist for the French journal Les \u00c9chos.\nKolarska-Bobi\u0144ska is a member of many Polish and international associations and advisory boards. She was a member of the Economic Council of President Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa (1992\u20131995), adviser of the Chief Negotiator for Poland's accession to the EU (1998\u20132001), and a member of President Aleksander Kwa\u015bniewski's Reflection Group (2001\u20132005). Lena Kolarska-Bobinskla endorses the idea of a Federal Europe by signing the manifesto of the Spinelli Group.\nShe is married to Krzysztof Bobi\u0144ski who is the president of Unia & Polska, a pro-European think-tank in Warsaw and former Warsaw correspondent of the Financial Times (1976\u20132000). They have two children. She is fluent in Polish, English and Spanish.\n\n", "Q242903": "Lynda Jean Cordova Carter (born July 24, 1951) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, model, and beauty pageant titleholder, who was crowned Miss World USA 1972 and finished in the Top 15 at the Miss World 1972 pageant.\nCarter is best known as the star of the American live-action television series Wonder Woman, in the role of Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, based on the DC comic book fictional superheroine character of the same name, which aired on ABC and later on CBS from 1975 to 1979.", "Q75121": "Eduard Wilhelm Ludwig von Bonin (7 March 1793 \u2013 13 March 1865) was a Prussian general officer who served as Prussian Minister of War from 1852\u201354 and 1858-59.", "Q361670": "John Eliot Sturges (; January 3, 1910 \u2013 August 18, 1992) was an American film director. His films include Bad Day at Black Rock (1955), Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957), The Magnificent Seven (1960), The Great Escape (1963), and Ice Station Zebra (1968). In 2013, The Magnificent Seven was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". He was not related to director Preston Sturges.", "Q310089": "Skandar Keynes is an English political adviser and former actor. Best known for starring as Edmund Pevensie in the Chronicles of Narnia film series since 2005, he appeared in all three installments, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Prince Caspian, and most recently The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, which was released on 10 December 2010.", "Q947071": "Alfredo Juan Fal\u00fa (born October 10, 1948) is an Argentine classical guitarist and composer.\nHe was born in Tucum\u00e1n in 1948, and his uncle, Eduardo Fal\u00fa, was by then a well-known folk guitarist. A psychoanalyst by profession and adherent of left-wing peronism during the 1970s, Fal\u00fa was forced into exile after losing his brother, Lucho, to Argentina's notorious \"Dirty War.\"He returned to Buenos Aires after 1983 and later began teaching at the Manuel de Falla Music Conservatory. He received, among other awards, the 2005 Konex Award for best folklore group together with Liliana Herrero. Fal\u00fa continues to perform in solo concerts and with other prominent figures in Argentine folklore.He is the brother of architect and social activist Ana Fal\u00fa, disappeared student activist Luis Eduardo Fal\u00fa, and lawyer and politician Dr. Jose Ricardo Fal\u00fa.", "Q90813": "Wolfgang Schivelbusch (born 26 November 1941) is a German scholar of cultural studies, historian, and author.", "Q101128": "Holger Bertrand Fl\u00f6ttmann is a German neurologist, psychiatrist and a doctor for psychosomatic medicine. Fl\u00f6ttmann is known for his scientific research in dream symbols, in borderline personality disorder, in the psychotherapeutic process and anxiety. He is also renowned for his expansion of the concept of symbiosis and his psychoanalytical works about fascism, terrorism and other actual themes about civilisation. Dr. Fl\u00f6ttmann worked in the centre of dream research and anxiety disorders.", "Q136784": "The Gendarme and the Gendarmettes (French: Le gendarme et les gendarmettes) is a 1982 French comedy film, and the sixth and last movie of the Gendarme series . It is the final film of both of its two directors, Jean Girault, and its lead actor Louis de Fun\u00e8s, both of which were involved in the franchise since its very first film in 1964.\n\n", "Q116454": "Ulrich Schl\u00fcer (born 1944) is a right wing Swiss politician, member of the Swiss People's Party of the canton of Z\u00fcrich. Schl\u00fcer studied History and German language at the University of Z\u00fcrich, receiving a PhD in 1978. He married in 1970 and is the father of four children.\nSchl\u00fcer acted as secretary to Swiss right-wing politician James Schwarzenbach, and in 1979 founded the nationalist-conservative Schweizerzeit newspaper.\nHe was the mayor of Flaach 1994-1998, and member of the Swiss National Council 1995 to 2007, when he lost his mandate in the 2007 federal election. However, upon the election of Ueli Maurer into the Swiss Federal Council, Schl\u00fcer inherited Maurer's seat in the parliament and thus regained his mandate on 2 March 2009 for the remainder of the 2008 to 2011 legislature. He was not reelected in the 2011 federal election.\nIn 2007, Schl\u00fcer's parliamentary immunity was suspended due to a lawsuit pressed by a journalist whom Schl\u00fcer had attacked in a Schweizerzeit article.\nIn September 2007, Schl\u00fcer figured in an interview in The Independent, in which he \ncommented on UN special rapporteur on racism Doudou Di\u00e8ne, who had expressed concern over the \"racist and xenophobic dynamic\" in the campaign pursued by Schl\u00fcer's party that\n\n\"He's from Senegal where they have a lot of problems of their own which need to be solved. I don't know why he comes here instead of getting on with that.\"[1]Also in 2007, Schl\u00fcer co-launched a federal initiative for the ban of minarets.", "Q3736809": "Johan Martin Ferner (n\u00e9 Johan Martin Jacobsen; 22 July 1927 \u2013 24 January 2015) was a Norwegian sailor and Olympic medalist. He won a silver medal in the 6 metre class with the boat Elisabeth X at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, together with Finn Ferner (his brother), Erik Heiberg, Tor Arneberg and Carl Mortensen. He was married to Princess Astrid, the sister of King Harald V of Norway. He was also the brother-in-law of Princess Ragnhild.", "Q119001": "Eugen Heinrich Josef Nesper (5 July 1879 \u2013 3 May 1961) was a German radio pioneer and high-frequency technician.", "Q626900": "Sechs Kies (pronounced as ZEKS-kees; Korean: \uc81d\uc2a4\ud0a4\uc2a4) is a four-member South Korean boy band. Making their debut on April 15, 1997, they are one of the first-generation idol groups in K-pop and considered one of K-pop's first highly successful boy groups, also credited with pioneering idol fandom culture. The group currently consists of active members Eun Ji-won, Lee Jai-jin, Kim Jae-duck, and Jang Su-won. Kang Sung-hoon left on December 31, 2018.\nSechs Kies disbanded on May 20, 2000. They re-united on April 14, 2016. On May 10, 2016, they signed with YG Entertainment.", "Q1465448": "Politehnica University of Bucharest (Romanian: Universitatea Politehnica din Bucure\u0219ti) is a technical university in Bucharest, Romania. It was founded in 1818 as \"Academic School for Philosophy, Mathematical Sciences and Surveying Engineers\". Later the technical superior school was renamed few times, in 1864 as School of Bridges and Roads, Mines and Architecture (based on the older technical school of Gheorghe Laz\u0103r, from 1818), and the name \"Politehnica\" was introduced in 1920 when the university was renamed Polytechnic School of Bucharest. Politehnica University is classified by the Ministry of Education as an advanced research and education university. \nTeaching is conducted in Romanian and at the Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages teaching is conducted in one of the languages: English, French and German.\nThe University is a member of European Association for International Education (EAIE), European University Association (EUA), EUA Council for Doctoral Education, CESAER (council of universities of science and technology in Europe), and the Romanian Alliance of Technical Universities (ARUT).", "Q65454": "Erich Salomon (28 April 1886 \u2013 7 July 1944) was a German-born news photographer known for his pictures in the diplomatic and legal professions and the innovative methods he used to acquire them.", "Q184650": "Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9, 1932) is an American former politician. Rumsfeld served as Secretary of Defense from 1975 to 1977 under Gerald Ford, and again from January 2001 to December 2006 under George W. Bush. He is both the youngest and the second-oldest person to have served as Secretary of Defense. Additionally, Rumsfeld was a three-term U.S. Congressman from Illinois (1963\u20131969), director of the Office of Economic Opportunity (1969\u20131970), counsellor to the president (1969\u20131973), the United States Permanent Representative to NATO (1973\u20131974), and White House Chief of Staff (1974\u20131975). Between his terms as Secretary of Defense, he served as the CEO and chairman of several companies.\nBorn in Illinois, Rumsfeld attended Princeton University, graduating in 1954 with a degree in political science. After serving in the Navy for three years, he mounted a campaign for Congress in Illinois's 13th Congressional District, winning in 1962 at the age of 30. While in Congress, he was a leading co-sponsor of the Freedom of Information Act. Rumsfeld reluctantly accepted an appointment by President Richard Nixon to head the Office of Economic Opportunity in 1969; appointed counsellor by Nixon and entitled to Cabinet-level status, he would also head up the Economic Stabilization Program before being appointed ambassador to NATO. Called back to Washington in August 1974, Rumsfeld was appointed chief of staff by President Ford. Rumsfeld recruited a young one-time staffer of his, Dick Cheney, to succeed him when Ford nominated him to be Secretary of Defense in 1975. When Ford lost the 1976 election, Rumsfeld returned to private business and financial life, and was named president and CEO of the pharmaceutical corporation G. D. Searle & Company. He was later named CEO of General Instrument from 1990 to 1993 and chairman of Gilead Sciences from 1997 to 2001.\nRumsfeld was appointed Secretary of Defense for a second time in January 2001 by President George W. Bush. As Secretary of Defense, Rumsfeld played a central role in the invasion of Afghanistan and invasion of Iraq. Before and during the Iraq War, he claimed that Iraq had an active weapons of mass destruction program; yet no stockpiles were ever found. A Pentagon Inspector General report found that Rumsfeld's top policy aide \"developed, produced, and then disseminated alternative intelligence assessments on the Iraq and al Qaida relationship, which included some conclusions that were inconsistent with the consensus of the Intelligence Community, to senior decision-makers.\" Rumsfeld's tenure was controversial for its use of torture and the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse scandal. Rumsfeld gradually lost political support and he resigned in late 2006. In his retirement years, he published an autobiography Known and Unknown: A Memoir as well as Rumsfeld's Rules: Leadership Lessons in Business, Politics, War, and Life.", "Q212852": "Childebert I (c. 496 \u2013 13 December 558) was a Frankish King of the Merovingian dynasty, as third of the four sons of Clovis I who shared the kingdom of the Franks upon their father's death in 511. He was one of the sons of Saint Clotilda, born at Reims. He reigned as King of Paris from 511 to 558 and Orl\u00e9ans from 524 to 558.", "Q109212": "Friedrich Christian Laukhard (7 June 1757 \u2013 28 April 1822) was a German novelist, philosopher, historian and theologian.\nFrom 1783 to 1794 he volunteered in the Prussian army as a musketeer. During the War of the first coalition his regiment (v. Thadden) campaigned in Valmy.\nLaukhard's military diary is of great interest for historical research on the Prussian army and the French revolutionary wars. \nDue to his licentious and extrovert lifestyle, \"Magister Laukhard\" soon became a notorious figure.", "Q64992": "M\u00e4rstetten is a municipality in the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q1046066": "Fueled by Ramen LLC is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group and distributed by Elektra Records. The label, founded in Gainesville, Florida, is based in New York City.", "Q607716": "Netstal is a former municipality in the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Effective from 1 January 2011, Netstal is part of the municipality of Glarus.", "Q106121": "Karl Haffner (pseudonym), real name Karl Schlechter, (8 November 1804 \u2013 29 February 1876) was a German dramaturge.", "Q74559": "James Lent (1782 \u2013 February 22, 1833) was a U.S. Representative from New York.\nBorn in Newtown, Long Island (now a part of the Borough of Queens), New York, Lent engaged in mercantile pursuits in New York City. He served as judge of Queens County and served from February 5, 1823, to March 4, 1829.\nLent was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-first and Twenty-second Congresses and served from March 4, 1829, until his death in Washington, D.C., February 22, 1833. He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (Twenty-second Congress). He was interred in the Congressional Cemetery. He was reinterred in the Presbyterian Cemetery, Newtown, Long Island, New York.", "Q658212": "Roderick Anthony Burton II (November 25, 1987 \u2013 May 18, 2009), better known by his stage name Dolla, was an American rapper from Atlanta, Georgia. Burton embarked on his music career in 2000, with hip hop group Da Razkalz Cru, under the pseudonym Bucklyte. The group quickly disbanded, and Burton went on to work as a model for the Sean John clothing line. In 2007, Burton signed to Akon's Konvict Muzik label. Burton released three singles from 2007 to 2009. The first, his commercial debut single \"Who the Fuck Is That?\", featuring Akon and T-Pain, charted on the Billboard Hot 100. On May 18, 2009, Burton was shot to death at the valet stand of the Beverly Center shopping mall in Los Angeles, and Aubrey Berry was arrested for his murder. Berry was acquitted on all charges.", "Q25070": "Henry of Latvia (Latin: Henricus de Lettis, German: Heinrich von Lettland, Latvian: Latvie\u0161u Indri\u0137is, Estonian: L\u00e4ti Henrik; before 1188, Magdeburg, Landgraviate of Thuringia \u2013 after 1259 in Papendorf, Livonia, currently Rubene, Koc\u0113ni parish, Koc\u0113ni Municipality, Latvia), also known in the English-speaking world as Henry of Livonia, was a priest, missionary and historian. He wrote the Livonian Chronicle of Henry which describes the evangelization of the regions which are now part of Estonia and Latvia during the Northern Crusades.\nThe chronicles say that Henry was a Catholic priest who witnessed most of events described. Henry is thought to have been born between 1180 and 1188. Henry was probably German, bearing a German forename and consistently referring to Germans as \"we\", but it is also possible that he came from Livonia. He had a thoroughly German and Catholic education and as a youth was attached to the household of the Prince-Bishop Albert of Buxhoeveden, was ordained a priest in 1208, founded a parish and lived out his life in peace.\nHenry's Chronicles are written from a clerical point of view, that the history of the Church was the essential history of Livonia. The Chronicles may have originated as a report to the papal legate, William of Modena, to whom he was assigned as interpreter 1225 through 1227. The legate, one of the papacy's most able diplomats, was in Livonia to mediate an internal church dispute between the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, and the territorial claims of the Catholic bishops of Livonia.", "Q222749": "Acting is an activity in which a story is told by means of its enactment by an actor or actress who adopts a character\u2014in theatre, television, film, radio, or any other medium that makes use of the mimetic mode.\nActing involves a broad range of skills, including a well-developed imagination, emotional facility, physical expressivity, vocal projection, clarity of speech, and the ability to interpret drama. Acting also demands an ability to employ dialects, accents, improvisation, observation and emulation, mime, and stage combat. Many actors train at length in specialist programmes or colleges to develop these skills. The vast majority of professional actors have undergone extensive training. Actors and actresses will often have many instructors and teachers for a full range of training involving singing, scene-work, audition techniques, and acting for camera.\nMost early sources in the West that examine the art of acting (Greek: \u1f51\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, hypokrisis) discuss it as part of rhetoric.", "Q63025": "Robert Viktor von Puttkamer (5 May 1828 \u2013 15 March 1900) was a Prussian statesman, most prominent in his roles as Prussian minister of public education and worship in 1879 and as interior minister in 1881, under his brother-in-law Otto von Bismarck. He also introduced reforms in German orthography.", "Q6494370": "Last Gang Records is a record label formed by Canadian music industry lawyer Chris Taylor and concert promoter Donald K. Tarlton in the Fall of 2003 at the Pop Montreal Music Festival. Last Gang was nominated as Independent Record Label of the Year at the Canadian Music Awards in 2006.It was acquired by Entertainment One in March 2016, with Taylor being appointed the new president of eOne Music.", "Q310937": "Peter Hayden Dinklage (; born June 11, 1969) is an American actor and producer. Dinklage received universal acclaim for portraying Tyrion Lannister on the HBO television series Game of Thrones, for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series a record number of four times. He also received a Golden Globe for the role in 2011 as well as the Screen Actors Guild Award in 2020.\nBorn in Morristown, New Jersey, and raised in Brookside, Dinklage is a dwarf (achondroplasia) and stands 4 ft 5 in (1.35 m) tall. He studied acting at Bennington College, starring in a number of amateur stage productions. His film debut was in Living in Oblivion (1995) and his breakthrough came with the comedy-drama The Station Agent (2003). He has since appeared in Elf (2003), Find Me Guilty (2006), Underdog (2007), Death at a Funeral (2007), Penelope (2008), The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008), X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), Pixels (2015), and Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017), which earned him his first Screen Actors Guild Award. In 2018, he appeared as Eitri in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Avengers: Infinity War and Herv\u00e9 Villechaize in the biopic film My Dinner with Herv\u00e9.", "Q1391786": "Joseph Young Jr. (September 23, 1927 \u2013 March 24, 1999), known as Mighty Joe Young, was an American Chicago blues guitarist.", "Q913346": "Hidden Hills is a city and gated community in Los Angeles County, California. It is located next to the city of Calabasas and is located in the west San Fernando Valley. It is notable for being home to many actors and celebrities. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 1,856.", "Q123389": "Robert Pinget (Geneva, July 19, 1919 \u2013 August 25, 1997, Tours) was an avant-garde French writer, born in Switzerland, who wrote several novels and other prose pieces that drew comparison to Beckett and other major Modernist writers. He was also associated with the nouveau roman movement.", "Q277006": "\u0218tefan B\u0103nic\u0103 Jr. (Romanian pronunciation: [\u0283te\u02c8fam b\u0259\u02c8nik\u0259]; born October 18, 1967 in Bucharest, Romania) is a Romanian entertainer, of Romani origin from his father's side, TV presenter, one of the most important Romanian TV personalities, and the son of actor \u0218tefan B\u0103nic\u0103 Sr. In his early career he starred in a couple of successful romantic films (\"Liceenii\", \"Liceenii Rock'n'Roll\"). He is well known in Romania for presenting \nthe Romanian version of \u201cDancing with the Stars\u201d, the most long-lived dance competition ever aired in Romania, broadcast on Pro TV and for his role as a talent judge on The X Factor.Later he concentrated on television acting, playing the character of Ciupanezu in the TV series \"B\u0103ie\u021bi buni\" (\"Good Guys\"), which was aired in 2005 on ProTV. In 2005, B\u0103nic\u0103 also played the role of Billy Flynn in the Romanian stage version of the Chicago musical (based on the play by Maurine Dallas Watkins) at the National Theatre in Bucharest.\nHe released several music albums (marketed as rock'n'roll), and successfully toured the country. In January 2006, he married television producer and show host Andreea Marin. In January 2013, they announced their divorce on amicable terms. Together they have a daughter.\n\n", "Q142763": "Mira Adanja Polak (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u0434\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043a; born 22 August 1942) is a Serbian journalist, producer, researcher, author and TV host.Her TV show \"You and Mira Adanja Polak\" is broadcast weekly on Radio Television Serbia.\n\n", "Q181728": "Eliezer Ben\u2011Yehuda (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05e2\u05b6\u05d6\u05b6\u05e8 \u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u05df\u05be\u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4\u202c; pronounced [eli'\u0295eze\u027e ben jehu'da]; born Eliezer Yitzhak Perlman; 7 January 1858 \u2013 16 December 1922) was a Hebrew lexicographer and newspaper editor. He was the driving force behind the revival of the Hebrew language in the modern era.", "Q487804": "Dongguk University (Korean: \ub3d9\uad6d\ub300\ud559\uad50, Hanja: \u6771\u570b\u5927\u5b78\u6821) is a private, coeducational university in South Korea, based on Buddhism. Established in 1906 as Myeongjin School (\uba85\uc9c4\ud559\uad50; \u660e\u9032\u5b78\u6821) by Buddhist pioneers of the Association of Buddhism Research (\ubd88\uad50\uc5f0\uad6c\ud68c; \u4f5b\u654e\u784f\u7a76\u6703), the university gained full university status as Dongguk University in 1953. The university remains one of the few Buddhist-affiliated universities in the world, and is the member of International Association of Buddhist Universities.Situated on a hill near Namsan, the university's Seoul campus is in the urban Jung District of central Seoul. The university's symbol animal is an elephant, which stemmed from Queen M\u0101y\u0101 of Sakya's precognitive dream of white elephant about the birth of Gautama Buddha, and the symbol flower is a lotus blossom which reflects the Buddhist truth.Dongguk University Seoul campus is organised into 12 undergraduate and graduate schools, which enrolled 13,701 undergraduate students and 1,801 graduate students and granted 3,140 bachelor's, 470 master's and 172 doctorate degrees in 2017. Its comprehensive academic programme offers 53 undergraduate majors, together with 59 graduate programmes.The university also operates campuses in Goyang, Gyeongju, and Los Angeles, United States. The university operates two affiliated hospitals of Western medicine, and four of Oriental medicine, a generic term which includes traditional Korean medicine studies.", "Q105428": "Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (Italian: [pesta\u02c8l\u0254ttsi]; German: [p\u025bsta\u02c8l\u0254tsi] (listen); January 12, 1746 \u2013 February 17, 1827) was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach.\nHe founded several educational institutions both in German- and French-speaking regions of Switzerland and wrote many works explaining his revolutionary modern principles of education. His motto was \"Learning by head, hand and heart\". Thanks to Pestalozzi, illiteracy in 18th-century Switzerland was overcome almost completely by 1830.", "Q240872": "Lawrence Edward Kasdan (born 14 January, 1949) is an American director, screenwriter, and producer. He is the co-writer of The Empire Strikes Back (1980), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), Return of the Jedi (1983), and the writer-director of Body Heat (1981), The Big Chill (1983), and The Accidental Tourist (1988). He is known for updating old Hollywood genres\u2014film noir, science-fiction, westerns\u2014in a classical dramatic style with quick-witted dialogue, but dealing with contemporary social themes. He helped create some of the defining cinematic mythologies of the 20th century (with a hand in resurrecting the Star Wars franchise in the 21st), while as a director he has made personal, slightly quixotic movies that examine characters and generations.\nHe has been nominated for four Academy Awards: as a producer for Best Picture nominee The Accidental Tourist, for which he was also nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay, and for Best Original Screenplay for both The Big Chill and Grand Canyon (1993). He has often collaborated with his wife, Meg Kasdan, his brother, Mark Kasdan, and his two sons: Jonathan Kasdan and Jake Kasdan. He frequently casts Kevin Kline and William Hurt.", "Q539126": "Wojciech Cejrowski (born 27 June 1964) is a Polish traveler, television and radio journalist, writer, Catholic publicist, satirist, and photographer.", "Q465881": "Megan Burns (born 25 June 1986), also known as Betty Curse, is a British musician and actress.", "Q59346": "The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones is a 2013 action film based on the first book of The Mortal Instruments series by Cassandra Clare. The story takes place in contemporary New York City. Directed by Harald Zwart, the film stars an international cast, including Lily Collins, Jamie Campbell Bower, Robert Sheehan, Kevin Zegers, Jemima West, Godfrey Gao, Lena Headey, Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Aidan Turner, Kevin Durand, and Jared Harris. It was released in theaters on August 21, 2013, by Screen Gems in the United States and Entertainment One in the United Kingdom. The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones earned $91 million against a $60 million production budget. The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones was released on DVD and Blu-ray on December 3, 2013, by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.", "Q240899": "Harry and the Hendersons is a 1987 American fantasy comedy film directed and produced by William Dear and starring John Lithgow, Melinda Dillon, Don Ameche, David Suchet, Margaret Langrick, Joshua Rudoy, Lainie Kazan and Kevin Peter Hall. Steven Spielberg served as its uncredited executive producer, while Rick Baker provided the makeup and the creature designs for Harry. It is the story of a Seattle family's encounter with the cryptozoological creature Bigfoot, partially inspired by the numerous claims of sightings in the Pacific Northwest, California, and other parts of both the United States and Canada over three centuries. The film won an Oscar for Best Makeup, and inspired a follow-up TV series of the same name. In the United Kingdom, the film was originally released as Bigfoot and the Hendersons, though the television series retained the American title. The DVD and all current showings of the movie in the United Kingdom now refer to the movie by its original title.\nIn conjunction with the film's setting, shooting took place at several locations in the Cascade Range of Washington state near I-90 and the town of Index near US 2 as well as Seattle's Wallingford, Ballard and Beacon Hill neighborhoods and other locations in or around Seattle. The film grossed $50 million worldwide.", "Q210076": "David Patrick Kelly (born January 23, 1951) is an American actor and musician who has appeared in numerous films and television series. He is best known for his role as the main antagonist in the cult film The Warriors (1979). Kelly is also known for his collaborations with Spike Lee, in the films Malcolm X (1992), Crooklyn (1994), and Chi-Raq (2015), and with David Lynch, appearing in Wild at Heart (1990) as well as Twin Peaks (1990\u201391) and its 2017 revival.\nKelly's other credits include roles in 48 Hrs. (1982), Commando (1985), The Crow (1994), The Funeral and Last Man Standing (both 1996), The Longest Yard (2005), as President Harry S. Truman in Flags of Our Fathers (2006), and a recurring role in The Blacklist (2015).", "Q173555": "Nigel Stepney (14 November 1958 \u2013 2 May 2014) was a British mechanic. He worked for several teams in Formula One before being appointed chief mechanic at Ferrari. He became a central figure in the 2007 Formula One espionage controversy. Stepney was latterly team manager for Sumo Power.\n\n", "Q69285": "Grens is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q540368": "At the Gates is a Swedish death metal band from Gothenburg, a major progenitor of Gothenburg-style melodic death metal. The band was initially active from 1990 to 1996, reforming in 2007 for a tour between April and September 2008. In 2011, they reformed again and have since continued to perform. They released At War with Reality, their first album in 19 years, in late 2014.", "Q268": "Pozna\u0144 (UK: POZ-nan, US: POHZ-nan, POHZ-nahn, Polish: [\u02c8p\u0254znaj\u0303] or [\u02c8p\u0254zna\u0272] (listen); German: Posen; known also by other historical names) is a city on the Warta River in west-central Poland, in the Greater Poland region and is the fifth-largest city in Poland. It is best known for its renaissance Old Town and Ostr\u00f3w Tumski Cathedral. Today, Pozna\u0144 is an important cultural and business centre and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint John's Fair (Jarmark \u015awi\u0119toja\u0144ski), traditional Saint Martin's croissants and a local dialect.\nPozna\u0144 is among the oldest and largest cities in Poland. The city's population is 538,633 (2011 census), while the continuous conurbation with Pozna\u0144 County and several other communities is inhabited by almost 1.1 million people. The Larger Pozna\u0144 Metropolitan Area (PMA) is inhabited by 1.3\u20131.4 million people and extends to such satellite towns as Nowy Tomy\u015bl, Gniezno and Wrze\u015bnia, making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Poland. It is the historical capital of the Greater Poland region and is currently the administrative capital of the province called Greater Poland Voivodeship.\nPozna\u0144 is a center of trade, sports, education, technology and tourism. It is an important academic site, with about 130,000 students and Adam Mickiewicz University, the third largest Polish university. Pozna\u0144 is also the seat of the oldest Polish diocese, now being one of the most populous archdioceses in the country. The city also hosts the Pozna\u0144 International Fair \u2013 the biggest industrial fair in Poland and one of the largest fairs in Europe. The city's most renowned landmarks include Pozna\u0144 Town Hall, the National Museum, Grand Theatre, Fara Church, Pozna\u0144 Cathedral and the Imperial Castle.\nPozna\u0144 is classified as a Gamma- global city by Globalization and World Cities Research Network. It has often topped rankings as a city with very high quality of education and a very high standard of living. It also ranks highly in safety and healthcare quality. The city of Pozna\u0144 has also, many times, won the prize awarded by \"Superbrands\" for a very high quality city brand. In 2012, the Pozna\u0144's Art and Business Center \"Stary Browar\" won a competition organised by National Geographic Traveler and was given the first prize as one of the seven \"New Polish Wonders\".\nThe official patron saints of Pozna\u0144 are Saint Peter and Paul of Tarsus, the patrons of the cathedral. Martin of Tours \u2013 the patron of the main street \u015awi\u0119ty Marcin is also regarded as one of the patron saints of the city.", "Q1321910": "Garrett List (September 10, 1943 \u2013 December 27, 2019) was an American trombonist, vocalist, and composer.\nList was born in Phoenix, Arizona. In 1950, he moved with his family to southern California. At the age of 18, he was teaching, playing, and composing classical, jazz, and pop music. In 1965 he left California and settled in New York City, where he attended the Juilliard School of Music. He encountered the Italian composer Luciano Berio and the conductor Dennis Russell Davies, with whom he formed the Juilliard Ensemble. This ensemble permitted him to meet Henri Pousseur and Pierre Boulez.\nIn the 1970s, he developed an interest in free jazz and met John Cage, Frederic Rzewski, Steve Lacy, and LaMonte Young. He was a member of Italian band Musica Elettronica Viva. In 1981, Henri Pousseur invited him to establish the improvisation class at the Conservatoire Royal de Musique de Li\u00e8ge, where his students included Fabrizio Cassol, Michel Massot and Aston Keaton alias Ac\u00e9tone. He wrote pieces for Man Ray movies as well as for Fernand L\u00e9ger, Hans Richter, and Paul Gonze.\nList died in Liege, Belgium, aged 76.", "Q162458": "Beyond the Sea is a 2004 American biographical musical drama film based on the life of singer-actor Bobby Darin. Starring in the lead role and using his own singing voice for the musical numbers, Kevin Spacey co-wrote, directed, and co-produced the film, which takes its title from Darin's song of the same name.\nBeyond the Sea depicts Darin's rise to success in both the music and film industry during the 1950s and 1960s as well as his marriage to Sandra Dee, portrayed by Kate Bosworth.\nAs early as 1986, Barry Levinson intended to direct a film based on the life of Darin, and he began pre-production on the project in early 1997. When he eventually vacated the director's position, Spacey, along with Darin's son Dodd, acquired the film rights.\nFilming for Beyond the Sea took place from November 2003 to January 2004. It was released in December 2004 to mixed reviews from critics and bombed at the box office. Dodd Darin, Sandra Dee and former Darin manager Steve Blauner responded with enthusiastic feedback to Spacey's work on the film. Despite a number of negative reviews, some critics praised Spacey's performance, largely because of his decision to use his own singing voice. He received a Golden Globe nomination.", "Q219734": "Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432; 29 October [O.S. 10 November] 1888 \u2013 23 December 1972) was a pioneering Soviet aircraft designer.\nDuring his career, he designed and oversaw the design of more than 100 types of aircraft, some of which set 78 world records. In recognition of his work, he was made an honorary member of Britain's Royal Aeronautical Society and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.He was honoured in his own country by being made an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1953), Colonel-General (1968), and three times a Hero of Socialist Labor (1945, 1957, 1972).", "Q1676315": "John Daniel Sumner (November 19, 1924 \u2013 November 16, 1998) was an American gospel singer, songwriter, and music promoter noted for his bass voice, and his innovation in the Christian and Gospel music fields. Sumner sang in five quartets and was a member of the Blackwood Brothers during their 1950s heyday. Aside from his incredibly low bass voice, Sumner's business acumen helped promote Southern Gospel and move it into the mainstream of American culture and music during the '50s and '60s.", "Q115808": "Rudolf Minger (13 November 1881 \u2013 23 August 1955) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1929\u20131940). He also was a farmer all his life.\nHe was elected to the Federal Council on 12 December 1929 and handed over office on 31 December 1940. He was the first councillor from the Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents (BGB/PAI), now the Swiss People's Party.\nDuring his time in office, he held the Military Department and was President of the Confederation in 1935.", "Q78388": "Henriette \"Henny\" von Schirach (n\u00e9e Hoffman; 3 February 1913 \u2013 27 January 1992) was a German writer and wife to Baldur von Schirach, former Reichsjugendf\u00fchrer (Reich Youth Leader) and Gauleiter in Vienna. Henriette von Schirach is one of the few people known to have challenged Hitler personally about the persecution of Jews.", "Q92989": "James F. Blinn (born 1949) is an American computer scientist who first became widely known for his work as a computer graphics expert at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), particularly his work on the pre-encounter animations for the Voyager project, his work on the Carl Sagan documentary series Cosmos, and the research of the Blinn\u2013Phong shading model.\nHe is credited with formulating Blinn's Law, which asserts that rendering time tends to remain constant, even as computers get faster. Animators prefer to improve quality, rendering more complex scenes with more sophisticated algorithms, rather than using less time to do the same work as before.", "Q1457377": "Opened in 1852, Mount Royal Cemetery is a 165-acre (67 ha) terraced cemetery on the north slope of Mount Royal in the borough of Outremont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Temple Emanu-El Cemetery, a Reform Judaism burial ground is within the Mount Royal grounds. The burial ground shares the mountain with the much larger adjacent Roman Catholic cemetery, Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery, and the Shaar Hashomayim Cemetery, an Ashkenazi Jewish cemetery. Mount Royal Cemetery is bordered on the southeast by Mount Royal Park, on the west by Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery and on the north by Shaar Hashomayim Cemetery.\nAlthough the cemetery is non-denominational today, it continues to be governed by its original charter with a board of trustees representing the founding Protestant denominations.\nThe cemetery is a private non-profit organization. Burial rights have always been offered in perpetuity, with the commitment that no graves would ever be reused or abandoned. The founding charter stipulates that all profits should be entirely devoted to the embellishment and improvement of the property.\nMount Royal Cemetery is in operation and even the old portion of the cemetery still has some burial sites available.", "Q1039659": "Carl Mann (born August 22, 1942 in Huntingdon, Tennessee, United States) is an American rockabilly singer and pianist.", "Q1067043": "Charles Kent Wilson (born January 29, 1953), also known as Uncle Charlie, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and the former lead vocalist of the Gap Band. As a solo artist he has been nominated for thirteen Grammy awards and ten NAACP Image Awards (including two wins), received a 2009 Soul Train Icon Award, and was a recipient of a BMI Icon Award in 2005. In 2009, he was named Billboard magazine's No. 1 Adult R&B Artist, and his song \"There Goes My Baby\" was named the No. 1 Urban Adult Song for 2009 in Billboard Magazine.\nOn June 30, 2013, BET honored Wilson with a Lifetime Achievement Award that was presented to him by Justin Timberlake. The BET tribute performances included renditions of Wilson's songs performed by India Arie (\"There Goes My Baby\"), Jamie Foxx (\"Yearning for Your Love\"), and Stevie Wonder (\"Burn Rubber\") but it was not until Wilson himself took to the stage at the request of Timberlake to perform his Grammy-nominated song \"You Are\" and then transition into a medley of hit songs performing alongside Timberlake and surprise guests Snoop Dogg and Pharrell Williams that Wilson stole the show during the youth-oriented program. The Charlie Wilson tribute helped BET achieve the highest ratings in years for the program and also earned the network the #1 primetime spot in the 18\u201349 demographic topping all its broadcast and cable competition for the night in both demographics and total viewers.Wilson is the national spokesman of the Prostate Cancer Foundation where there is a Creativity Award in his name which donates hundreds of thousands of dollars a year to researchers across the country for the development of creative science that conforms to PCF funding principles but is short-term and designed to allow development of otherwise unfunded ideas.", "Q75874": "Henning Rudolf Adolf Karl von Holtzendorff (January 9, 1853 \u2013 June 7, 1919) was a German admiral during World War I, who became famous for his December 1916 memo about unrestricted submarine warfare against the United Kingdom. He was a recipient of Order of the Black Eagle and the Pour le M\u00e9rite with oak leaves and was one of just six Grand Admirals of the Imperial German Navy.", "Q167520": "Jon Voight (; born December 29, 1938) is an American actor. He is the winner of one Academy Award, having been nominated for four. He has also won four Golden Globe Awards and has so far been nominated for eleven. He is the father of actress Angelina Jolie and actor James Haven.\nVoight came to prominence in the late 1960s with his Oscar-nominated performance as Joe Buck, a would-be gigolo in Midnight Cowboy (1969). During the 1970s, he became a Hollywood star with his portrayals of a businessman mixed up with murder in Deliverance (1972); a paraplegic Vietnam veteran in Coming Home (1978), for which he won an Academy Award for Best Actor; and a penniless ex-boxing champion in the remake of The Champ (1979).\nHis output became sparse during the 1980s and early 1990s, although he won the Golden Globe and was nominated for an Academy Award for his performance as the ruthless bank robber Oscar \"Manny\" Manheim in Runaway Train (1985). Voight made a comeback in Hollywood during the mid-1990s, starring in Michael Mann's crime epic Heat (1995) opposite Robert De Niro and Al Pacino. He portrayed Jim Phelps in Mission: Impossible (1996), a corrupt NSA agent in Enemy of the State (1998), and the unscrupulous attorney Leo F. Drummond in Francis Ford Coppola's The Rainmaker (1997), which earned him a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor.\nVoight gave critically acclaimed biographical performances during the 2000s, appearing as legendary sportscaster Howard Cosell in Ali (2001) for which his supporting performance was nominated for the Academy Award, the Golden Globe and a Critics Choice Award, and also as Nazi officer J\u00fcrgen Stroop in Uprising (2001), as Franklin D. Roosevelt in Michael Bay's Pearl Harbor (2001) and as Pope John Paul II in the eponymous miniseries (2005). Voight also appears in Showtime's Ray Donovan TV series, now in its seventh season as Mickey Donovan, a role that brought him newfound critical and audience acclaim and his fourth Golden Globe win in 2014.\nOn November 21, 2019, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Donald Trump.", "Q300517": "A Perfect Getaway is a 2009 American thriller film written and directed by David Twohy and starring Timothy Olyphant, Milla Jovovich, Kiele Sanchez, and Steve Zahn. Olyphant, Jovovich, Sanchez, and Zahn portray a group of vacationing couples in Hawaii who find their lives in danger when murders begin to occur on the island, leading to suspicions over one of the couples being the killers.\nShot in Hawaii and Puerto Rico, A Perfect Getaway was released on August 7, 2009, in the United States. It received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed nearly $23 million on a $14 million budget.", "Q2259451": "An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance (also actress; see below). The actor performs \"in the flesh\" in the traditional medium of the theatre or in modern media such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 (hupokrit\u1e17s), literally \"one who answers\". The actor's interpretation of their role\u2014the art of acting\u2014pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. This can also be considered an \"actor's role,\" which was called this due to scrolls being used in the theaters. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is \"playing themselves\", as in some forms of experimental performance art.\nFormerly, in ancient Greece and Rome, the medieval world, and the time of William Shakespeare, only men could become actors, and women's roles were generally played by men or boys. While Ancient Rome did allow female stage performers, only a small minority of them were given speaking parts. The commedia dell\u2019arte of Italy, however, allowed professional women to perform early on: Lucrezia Di Siena, whose name is on a contract of actors from 10 October 1564, has been referred to as the first Italian actress known by name, with Vincenza Armani and Barbara Flaminia as the first primadonna's and the first well documented actresses in Italy (and Europe). After the English Restoration of 1660, women began to appear on stage in England. In modern times, particularly in pantomime and some operas, women occasionally play the roles of boys or young men.", "Q110970": "Albert Hotopp (20 September 1886 \u2013 1 August 1942) was a German political activist and writer.As an active member of the Communist Party of Germany he fell foul of the Nazi Germany authorities during the Machtergreifung in 1933. In 1934 he emigrated to the Soviet Union where he disappeared, probably dying in a labour camp, in the second half of 1942.\n\n", "Q262386": "\u00d6sterreichischer Rundfunk (English: Austrian Broadcasting Corporation, ORF) is an Austrian national public service broadcaster. Funded from a combination of television licence fee revenue and limited on-air advertising, ORF is the dominant player in the Austrian broadcast media. Austria was the last country in continental Europe after Albania to allow nationwide private television broadcasting, although commercial TV channels from neighbouring Germany have been present in Austria on pay-TV and via terrestrial overspill since the 1980s.", "Q1517021": "The University of Western Australia (UWA) is a public research university in the Australian state of Western Australia. The university's main campus is in Perth, the state capital, with a secondary campus in Albany and various other facilities elsewhere.\nUWA was established in 1911 by an act of the Parliament of Western Australia and began teaching students two years later. It is the sixth-oldest university in Australia and was Western Australia's only university until the establishment of Murdoch University in 1973. Because of its age and reputation, UWA is classed one of the \"sandstone universities\", an informal designation given to the oldest university in each state. The university also belongs to several more formal groupings, including the Group of Eight and the Matariki Network of Universities. In recent years, UWA has generally been ranked either in the bottom half or just outside the world's top 100 universities, depending on the system used.\nAlumni of UWA include one Prime Minister of Australia (Bob Hawke), five Justices of the High Court of Australia (including one Chief Justice, Robert French, now Chancellor), one Governor of the Reserve Bank (H. C. Coombs), various federal cabinet ministers, and seven of Western Australia's eight most recent premiers. In 2018 alumnus mathematician Akshay Venkatesh was a recipient of the Fields Medal. In 2014, the university produced its 100th Rhodes Scholar. Two members of the UWA faculty, Barry Marshall and Robin Warren won Nobel Prizes as a result of research at the university.", "Q734445": "Luis Mu\u00f1oz Rivera (July 17, 1859 \u2013 November 15, 1916) was a Puerto Rican poet, journalist and politician. He was a major figure in the struggle for political autonomy of Puerto Rico.\nIn 1887, Mu\u00f1oz Rivera became part of the leadership of a newly formed Autonomist Party. In 1889, he successfully ran a campaign for the position of delegate in the district of Caguas. Subsequently, Mu\u00f1oz Rivera was a member of a group organized by the party to discuss proposals of autonomy with Pr\u00e1xedes Mateo Sagasta, who would grant Puerto Rico an autonomous government following his election. He served as Chief of the Cabinet of this government.\nOn August 13, 1898, the Treaty of Paris transferred possession of Puerto Rico from Spain to the United States and a military government was established. In 1899, Mu\u00f1oz Rivera resigned his position within the cabinet and remained inactive in politics for some time. In 1909, he was elected as Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico and participated in the creation of the Jones-Shafroth Act, proposing amendments before its final approval. Shortly after, Mu\u00f1oz Rivera contracted an infection and traveled to Puerto Rico, where he died on November 15, 1916. His son, Luis Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn would subsequently become involved in politics, becoming the first democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico.", "Q272195": "Maggie Roswell (born November 14, 1952) is an American actress, voice actress, comedian, writer and producer from Los Angeles, California. She is well known for her voice work on the Fox network's animated television series The Simpsons, in which she has played recurring characters such as Maude Flanders, Helen Lovejoy, Miss Hoover, and Luann Van Houten, as well as several minor characters. This work has earned her both an Emmy Award nomination and an Annie Award nomination.\nMaggie Roswell made her acting break-through in the 1980s with appearances in films such as Midnight Madness (1980), Lost in America (1985), and Pretty in Pink (1986), and guest appearances on television shows such as Remington Steele, Masquerade, and Happy Days. She appeared frequently in the sketch comedy The Tim Conway Show from 1980 to 1981, and did voice acting for a few animated films and television shows. Roswell also performed in some theater plays, including one in 1988 directed by Julia Sweeney.\nIn 1989, Maggie Roswell was hired for the first season of The Simpsons. She played a few minor characters until she became a regular cast member with the introduction of Maude Flanders in the second season. In 1994, Roswell and her husband Hal Rayle moved from Los Angeles to Denver to raise their daughter. Together they established the Roswell 'n' Rayle Company, creating and voicing advertisements for companies. Because of her move to Denver, Roswell had to travel to Los Angeles twice a week to tape The Simpsons. This ultimately led to her requesting a pay raise in 1999; however, Fox refused to offer her the amount she wanted so she quit the show. Roswell returned to The Simpsons in 2002 after reaching a deal to record her lines from her Denver home.", "Q524822": "Cobra Starship was an American dance-pop band created by former Midtown bassist and lead vocalist Gabe Saporta in 2006 in New York City, New York. After writing and recording the band's debut album While the City Sleeps, We Rule the Streets as a solo project, Saporta enlisted guitarist Ryland Blackinton, bassist Alex Suarez, drummer Nate Novarro, and keytarist Victoria Asher, all of whom provide backing vocals.\nOver ten years, Cobra Starship produced four albums and two Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles. The group released its debut album, While the City Sleeps, We Rule the Streets, in 2006, which contained the single \"Snakes on a Plane (Bring It)\". The band released its second album, \u00a1Viva La Cobra!, on October 23, 2007. Their third album, Hot Mess, was released on August 11, 2009. Their fourth and final album, Night Shades, was released on August 30, 2011 in the US and October 28, 2011 in the UK.\nCobra Starship officially announced its dissolution on November 10, 2015.", "Q2624103": "Alain Manoukian (Armenian: \u0531\u056c\u0565\u0576 \u0544\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u056f\u0575\u0561\u0576, born 19 February 1946) is a French fashion designer and owner of the Manoukian fashion group. Manoukian began his career in the fashion industry in 1972. Established as a franchise in 1979, the company eventually opened 450 stores throughout the world, 300 of which are in France. After the Manoukian company was sold in 2005 to BCBG, Alain Manoukian now heads the Financiere Saxe development group based in France.", "Q588510": "Louis Jacques Balsan (September 16, 1868 \u2013 November 4, 1956) was a French aviator and industrialist, born at Ch\u00e2teauroux (Indre) in 1868, who was the second husband of society beauty Consuelo Vanderbilt, Duchess of Marlborough. He married her immediately after her divorce from the 9th Duke of Marlborough in 1921.", "Q679551": "Mosley Music Group (MMG) is a record label founded and formed by producer Tim \"Timbaland\" Mosley. Founded in 2006, the imprint was formerly distributed exclusively by Interscope Geffen A&M until 2014 when Timbaland made a new joint venture with L.A. Reid at Jive Records which is under Sony Music Entertainment.\nThe label's roster includes OneRepublic, Nelly Furtado, Keri Hilson, Ian Grey and Timbaland himself.\n\n", "Q96251": "Otto Wilhelm Harrassowitz (December 18, 1845, in La Guayra, Venezuela \u2013 June 24, 1920 in, Gaschwitz near Leipzig) was a German book seller and publisher.\nHis business, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, became an important book vendor for academic and research libraries beginning in the 19th century, and survives in that role today. A subsidiary, Harrassowitz Verlag (Harrassowitz Publishing House), is an academic publishing company.", "Q2594678": "Wu Yajun (Chinese: \u5434\u4e9a\u519b; born 1964) is a Chinese billionaire businesswoman, and the world's richest self-made woman. She is the co-founder, chairwoman, and former CEO of Longfor Properties. From humble origins, she worked as a journalist and editor before moving into real estate in the 1990s, later investing in technology companies including Uber and Evernote. As of October 2019, Wu has an estimated net worth of US$11.2 billion.", "Q63970": "Herisau is a municipality of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. It is the seat of the canton's government and parliament; the judicial authorities are situated in Trogen.\nThe central hamlet and the houses around the central square, the Protestant church of 1580, the houses Wetter and zur Rose (both 1737), the hamlet Schw\u00e4nberg and the government building with the state archive are listed as heritage sites of national significance.Together with other Alpine towns Herisau engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. \nHerisau was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2003.", "Q1174995": "David Kinkade (born August 25, 1983) is an American former musician.", "Q349117": "Adam Davidson (born August 13, 1964) is an American actor and television director from Los Angeles, California. Davidson has appeared in the following films, The Day Trippers, A Match Made in Heaven, N\u00e1vrat ztracen\u00e9ho r\u00e1je (a.k.a. Return to Paradise Lost), Way Past Cool, Nature Boy and Pop Life. In addition to acting, Davidson has also directed for several television programs which include: Community, Lost, Deadwood, Grey's Anatomy, Six Feet Under and Fringe. He is the son of acclaimed American theatre producer and director Gordon Davidson.\nHis debut film as a director, The Lunch Date, won the Academy Award for Best Short Subject and the Short Film Palme d'Or at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival.Davidson graduated from Kenyon College in 1986 and from Columbia University School of the Arts in 1994.", "Q1779032": "The Tommyknockers is a 1993 television miniseries based on the 1987 novel of the same name by Stephen King. Broadcast on ABC, it was directed by John Power, adapted by Lawrence D. Cohen and starred Marg Helgenberger and Jimmy Smits.", "Q966054": "Washington Augustus Roebling (May 26, 1837 \u2013 July 21, 1926) was an American civil engineer best known for supervising the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge, which was initially designed by his father John A. Roebling. He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War as an officer and was present at the Battle of Gettysburg.", "Q5339316": "Edmund Breon (12 December 1882 \u2013 24 June 1953) was a Scottish film and stage actor. He appeared in 131 films between 1907 and 1952.", "Q202314": "Thin Lizzy are a hard rock band formed in Dublin, Ireland, in 1969. Two of the founding members, drummer Brian Downey and bass guitarist and lead vocalist Phil Lynott, met while still in school. Lynott led the group throughout their recording career of twelve studio albums, writing most of the material. The singles \"Whiskey in the Jar\" (a traditional Irish ballad), \"The Boys Are Back in Town\" and \"Waiting for an Alibi\" were international hits. After Lynott's death in 1986, various incarnations of the band emerged over the years based initially around guitarists Scott Gorham and John Sykes, though Sykes left the band in 2009. Gorham later continued with a new line-up including Downey.\nLynott, Thin Lizzy's de facto leader, was composer or co-composer of almost all of the band's songs, and the first black Irishman to achieve commercial success in the field of rock music. Thin Lizzy featured several guitarists throughout their history, with Downey and Lynott as the rhythm section, on the drums and bass guitar. As well as being multiracial, the band drew their early members not only from both sides of the Irish border but also from both the Catholic and Protestant communities during The Troubles. Their music reflects a wide range of influences, including blues, soul music, psychedelic rock, and traditional Irish folk music, but is generally classified as hard rock or sometimes heavy metal. Rolling Stone magazine describes the band as distinctly hard rock, \"far apart from the braying mid-70s metal pack\".AllMusic critic John Dougan has written that \"As the band's creative force, Lynott was a more insightful and intelligent writer than many of his ilk, preferring slice-of-life working-class dramas of love and hate influenced by Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen, and virtually all of the Irish literary tradition.\"In 2012, Gorham and Downey decided against recording new material as Thin Lizzy so a new band, Black Star Riders, was formed to tour and produce new releases such as their debut album All Hell Breaks Loose. Thin Lizzy plan to reunite for occasional concerts.", "Q239382": "Scout Taylor-Compton (born February 21, 1989) is an American actress. She has appeared in numerous small television roles and in feature films. Her most notable roles include Laurie Strode in the horror films Halloween (2007) and Halloween II (2009), as well as Lita Ford in the film The Runaways (2010).\nTaylor-Compton also sang the theme song for her film Chicken Night (2001). Taylor-Compton also provided voice over work in other films, including The Core (2003). She is a Scream Queen, having appeared in many horror films.", "Q527495": "Angela Fick Braly (born July 2, 1961; Dallas, Texas) is an American executive. She served as president and chief executive officer of WellPoint (now Anthem, a large U.S.-based provider of health insurance, and was a member of the company's board of directors. She assumed those responsibilities on June 1, 2007, following several high-profile roles for the company. She resigned in August 2012 due to shareholder criticism. Since May 2016, she has been a member of the board of directors of ExxonMobil.", "Q4710882": "Albert Mussey Johnson (May 31, 1872 \u2013 January 7, 1948), was an eccentric millionaire who served for many years as president of the National Life Insurance Company, built Scotty's Castle in Death Valley, and was variously partner, friend, and dupe of infamous Wild West con man Death Valley Scotty, for whose outrageous antics he later served as financier.\n\n", "Q3609": "Road bicycle racing is the cycle sport discipline of road cycling, held on paved roads. Road racing is the most popular professional form of bicycle racing, in terms of numbers of competitors, events and spectators. The two most common competition formats are mass start events, where riders start simultaneously (though sometimes with a handicap) and race to set finish point; and time trials, where individual riders or teams race a course alone against the clock. Stage races or \"tours\" take multiple days, and consist of several mass-start or time-trial stages ridden consecutively.\nProfessional racing has been most popular in Western Europe, centered historically on France, Spain, Italy and the Low Countries. Since the mid-1980s the sport has diversified with professional races now held on all continents of the globe. Semi-professional and amateur races are also held in many countries. The sport is governed by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). As well as the UCI's annual World Championships for men and women, the biggest event is the Tour de France, a three-week race that can attract over 500,000 roadside supporters a day.", "Q2890097": "Pnina Rosenblum (Hebrew: \u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e8\u05d5\u05d6\u05e0\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd\u200e, born 30 December 1954) is an Israeli businesswoman, model, media personality and politician.", "Q268873": "Newport Beach is a coastal city in Orange County, California, United States. Newport Beach is known for good surfing and sandy beaches. Newport Harbor once supported maritime industries but today it is used mostly for recreation. Balboa Island draws visitors with a waterfront path easy access from the ferry to the shops and restaurants. Its population was 85,287 at the 2010 census.", "Q292061": "AFI (abbreviation for A Fire Inside) is an American rock band from Ukiah, California, formed in 1991. Since 1998, the band consists of lead vocalist Davey Havok, drummer and backing vocalist Adam Carson, bassist, backing vocalist and keyboardist Hunter Burgan, and guitarist, backing vocalist and keyboardist Jade Puget. Havok and Carson are the sole remaining original members. Originally a hardcore punk band, they have since delved into many genres, starting with horror punk and following through post-hardcore and emo into alternative rock and gothic rock.\nAFI has released ten studio albums, ten EPs, one live album and one DVD. The band first reached substantial commercial success with their fifth album, The Art of Drowning (2000), which peaked at number 174 on the Billboard 200. They then broke into the mainstream with their sixth, Sing the Sorrow (2003), which peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 and remained on the chart for 51 weeks. The album was supported by popular singles \"Girl's Not Grey\" and \"Silver and Cold\", both of which peaked at number seven on America's Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart in 2003. \"The Leaving Song Pt. II\" was also released as a single, reaching number 16 on the chart. Sing the Sorrow was certified Platinum by the RIAA in 2006 and is AFI's best-selling release, having sold over 1.26 million copies as of September 2009.AFI's seventh album, Decemberunderground (2006), debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and featured the hit single \"Miss Murder\", which topped the Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart and reached number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100. Another single, \"Love Like Winter\", reached number four on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA in 2013. Decemberunderground was followed three years later by Crash Love (2009), and then four years later by Burials (2013); both albums were also successful, peaking at number twelve and number nine, respectively, on the Billboard 200. The band's tenth and latest album, AFI, was released on January 20, 2017, and peaked at number five on the Billboard 200, making it their second-highest chart position. Their latest release is The Missing Man EP from December 2018.", "Q95758": "Jens Adolf Geier (born 22 June 1961) is a German politician and member of the European Parliament from Germany. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Party of European Socialists.\n\n", "Q19961524": "Death Note (\u30c7\u30b9\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8) is a Japanese television drama series based on the manga series of the same name by Tsugumi Ohba and Takeshi Obata. It was directed by Ry\u016bichi Inomata, who directed the television drama Kaseifu no Mita in 2011, and Ry\u014d Nishimura known by the special version of the 2014 drama Kamen Teacher. The show stars Masataka Kubota as Light Yagami, Kento Yamazaki as L, and Mio Y\u016bki as Near / Mello and focuses on the story of an intelligent yet reserved college student named Light Yagami, who finds a mysterious black notebook known as the Death Note, which can kill anyone whose name is written within its pages. Intrigued with the notebook's god-like abilities, he begins to use the Death Note to kill those whom he sees as unworthy of life, in a bid to change the world into a utopia. Soon, the student/vigilante finds himself pursued by an enigmatic international detective, known only as: \"L\".The drama premiered on NTV on July 5, 2015. The first episode received a viewership rating of 16.9% in the Kant\u014d region.", "Q68825": "Vernate is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q56713": "Aleksander Groza (1807\u20131875) was a Polish poet and writer.", "Q3383262": "Pedro Luiz Napole\u00e3o Chernoviz (Piotr Czerniewicz, September 11, 1812 \u2013 August 31, 1882), was a physician, scientific writer and publisher. He was born in \u0141uk\u00f3w (Poland) and immigrated to Brazil in the mid 19th century on a mission on behalf of King Louis-Philippe of France to Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil.\nOstracised for their participation in the failed insurrection for the independence of Poland in 1830-31, Chernoviz, along with many other Polish students and professionals, requested political asylum in France. Chernoviz, who had initiated his medical studies at the Uniwersytet Warszawski, completed them at the Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier in 1838. In 1840, he emigrated to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and developed a very successful medical practice. He became a full member of the Imperial Academy of Medicine and was awarded the title of Cavaleiro da Ordem de Cristo (Knight of Christ's Order) and Oficial da Ordem da Rosa (Officer of the Rose's Order). In 1846, Chernoviz married Julie Bernard, a Brazilian of French descent, in Rio de Janeiro. The couple had six children. Although Chernoviz returned to France with his family in 1855, he remained active in the medical and scientific communities of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro.\nWhile maintaining an active medical practice, Chernoviz wrote several medical and scientific books, intended for the layman, which became popular throughout Latin America. Some of the most noteworthy are:\n\nFormul\u00e1rio e Guia M\u00e9dico (Prescription Vademecum and Medical Guide), first published by Edouard and Henri Laemmert in Rio de Janeiro in 1841, reprinted and re-edited numerous times until 1927. The first edition was a single volume with less than 1.000 pages; the second printing of the 19th edition in 1927 had two volumes and together more than 4.000 pages.\nDiccion\u00e1rio de Medicina Popular e das Ci\u00eancias Acess\u00f3rias para Uso das Fam\u00edlias (Popular Medicine and Complementary Sciences Dictionary for Family Use), in two volumes, I with 471 and II with 488 pages, also published in Rio de Janeiro in 1842/1843. The sixth and last edition in Portuguese was in 1890 also in two volumes with a total of more than 2.500 pages\nHist\u00f3ria Natural para Meninos e Meninas (Natural History for Boys and Girls), published in Paris in 1860.The sixth edition of the Diccion\u00e1rio de Medicina Popular was initially translated into Spanish in 1894. Chernoviz's books were published in Rio de Janeiro by Edouard & Henri Laemmert, Brazilian-German publishers who represented many French authors and firms in Brazil. The 11th and subsequent editions of the Formul\u00e1rio, and the 6th and subsequent editions of the Diccion\u00e1rio were published in Paris by the firm of A. Roger & F. Chernoviz (the author's son, Fernando).\nThe design, layout, style and illustrations of Chernoviz's books resembled those favored in Europe at the time. The medical books were beautifully illustrated with many high quality engravings. The texts included precise descriptions of human organs and their diseases, as well as descriptions of the medications deemed appropriate at the time for these ailments. The pharmacopoeia was not limited to that of mainstream European medicine but made extensive use of indigenous Brazilian remedies. Both the Formul\u00e1rio e Guia Medico and the Diccion\u00e1rio are frequently quoted today by ethno-biologists and medical researchers. Despite the popularity of Chernoviz's published work, little is known about his work methods: notes and record-keeping, filing system, data retrieval, updating of information, and so on, at a time when typewriters were just beginning to become a standard office appliance.\nReferences:\n\nEmbaixada de Polonia. [undated]. Poloneses no Brasil. Hist\u00f3ria, cultura, personalidades, contribu\u00e7oes. [1]\nMaria Regina Cotrim Guimar\u00e3es. 2003. Civilizando as Artes de Curar: Chernoviz e os Manuais de Medicina Popular no Imp\u00e9rio. Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Hist\u00f3ria das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz. Rio de Janeiro. [2]\nJoffre M. de Rezende. 2002. Linguagem m\u00e9dica, 2. ed. com autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o da editora CEGRAF da Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s. [3]\nBetania Goncalves Figueiredo. 1999. Barbeiros e cirurgi\u00f5es: atua\u00e7\u00e3o dos pr\u00e1ticos ao longo do s\u00e9culo XIX. Hist\u00f3ria, Ci\u00eancias, Sa\u00fade \u2014 Manguinhos, VI(2): 277-91, jul.-out. 1999. [4]\nPaula S A Moraes, MD and Ernesto A Taketomi, MD, PhD. 2000. Allergic vulvovaginitis. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Volume 85, October 2000. [Article cites Pedro Luiz Napoleon Chernoviz: 89. Chernoviz PLN. Flores brancas. In: Chernoviz PLN ed. Diccionario de Medicina Popular e das Sciencias Acssessorias\u2014Para uso das familias. Quinta edi\u00e7\u00e3o. Pariz: A Roger & F Chernoviz; 1878:1154. [5]", "Q239396": "Agnes Bruckner (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and former model. She began acting in television in the late 1990s and has since appeared in several films, including The Woods, Blue Car, Murder by Numbers, Blood and Chocolate, and The Anna Nicole Story.\n\n", "Q95994": "Ulrich R\u00fclein von Calw (1465\u20131523) was a doctor, mathematician and well-known mining engineer. He was also active as a surveyor, town planner and astrologer and was the mayor (B\u00fcrgermeister) of the mining town of Freiberg for 5 years.", "Q283178": "Elizabeth Allan (9 April 1910 \u2013 27 July 1990) was an English stage and film actress who worked in both Britain and Hollywood, making about 50 films over more than a quarter century.", "Q932411": "Brunel University London is a public research university located in the Uxbridge area of London, England. It was founded in 1966 and named after the Victorian engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel. In June 1966, Brunel College of Advanced Technology was awarded a royal charter and became Brunel University. The university is often described as a British plate glass university.\nBrunel is organised into three colleges and three major research institutes, a structure adopted in August 2014 which also changed the university's name to Brunel University London. Brunel has over 12,900 students and 2,500 staff, and had a total income of \u00a3200.7 million in 2014/15, of which 25% came from grants and research contracts. Brunel has three constituent Academic Colleges: College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences and College of Health and Life Sciences.\nThe university is ranked as one of the top 400 universities in the world by QS World University Rankings 2020 and the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2020. The university won the Queen's Anniversary Prize in 2011. Brunel is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association, and Universities UK.", "Q51068": "Charles I or Karl I (Karl Franz Joseph Ludwig Hubert Georg Otto Maria; 17 August 1887 \u2013 1 April 1922) was the last Emperor of Austria, the last King of Hungary (as Charles IV, Hungarian: IV. K\u00e1roly), the last King of Bohemia (as Charles III, Czech: Karel III.), and the last monarch belonging to the House of Habsburg-Lorraine before the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. The son of Archduke Otto of Austria and Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony, Charles became heir presumptive of Emperor Franz Joseph after his uncle Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated in 1914. In 1911, he married Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma.\nCharles succeeded to the thrones in November 1916 following the death of Franz Joseph. He made secret attempts to negotiate Austria-Hungary's exit from the First World War but was unsuccessful. Despite Charles' intention to preserve the empire by transforming it into a federal union, Austria-Hungary headed rapidly towards complete dissolution; Czechoslovakia, the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs were proclaimed and Hungary declared to cease her monarchic ties to Austria by the end of October 1918. Following the Armistice of 11 November 1918, Charles \"renounced participation\" in state affairs, but did not abdicate. The Republic of German-Austria was proclaimed the following day, and in April 1919 he was formally dethroned by the Austrian Parliament and exiled to Switzerland.\nCharles spent the remaining years of his life attempting to restore the monarchy. He made two attempts to reclaim the Hungarian throne in 1921; both failed due to a lack of support from Hungary's regent Mikl\u00f3s Horthy. Charles was exiled for a second time to the Portuguese island of Madeira, where he soon fell ill and died of respiratory failure in 1922.\nBeatified by Pope John Paul II in 2004, Charles is known to the Catholic Church as Blessed Karl of Austria.", "Q453472": "Mo\u0161a Pijade (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041co\u0448a \u041f\u0438\u0458\u0430\u0434\u0435, alt. Eng. transliteration Moshe Piade; 4 January 1890 \u2013 15 March 1957), nicknamed \u010ci\u010da Janko (\u0427\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0408\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e, lit. \"Uncle Janko\") was a Serbian and Yugoslav communist, a close collaborator of Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslav politician, and full member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.", "Q200517": "Aunt Frieda (German: Tante Frieda \u2013 Neue Lausbubengeschichten) is a 1965 West German historical comedy film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Elisabeth Flickenschildt, Hans Kraus and Gustav Knuth. It is based on the 1907 novel Tante Frieda by Ludwig Thoma.\nThe film's sets were designed by the art director Wolf Englert.", "Q59434": "Lu'ay al-Atassi (Arabic: \u0644\u0624\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u200e) (1926 \u2212 24 November 2003) was a senior commander in the Syrian Army and later the President of Syria between 9 March and 27 July 1963.", "Q1506886": "George Ashley Campbell (November 27, 1870 \u2013 November 10, 1954) was an American engineer. He was pioneer in developing and applying quantitative mathematical methods to the problems of long-distance telegraphy and telephony. His most important contributions were to the theory and implementation of the use of loading coils and the first wave filters designed to what was to become known as the image method. Both these areas of work resulted in important economic advantages for the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T).", "Q648940": "Symphony X is an American progressive metal band from Middletown, New Jersey. Founded in 1994, the band consists of guitarist Michael Romeo, keyboardist Michael Pinnella, drummer Jason Rullo, lead vocalist Russell Allen and bassist Michael Lepond.\nThey achieved some commercial success with the 2007 album Paradise Lost and the 2011 album Iconoclast, which reached number 76 on the Billboard 200. Romeo explained the band's name in a 2008 interview; \"So, you know, the music we were coming up with had the keyboard thing and the guitar, and some classical elements, so the word \u2018Symphony\u2019 came up and, so the dramatic thing, you know? So then, somebody said \u2018Symphony X\u2019 and we were like, \u2018yeah, that\u2019s cool\u2019 it is that kinda thing, and the \u2018X\u2019 is the unknown and all the other stuff we do.\"", "Q96245": "Achim Gercke (3 August 1902 \u2013 27 October 1997) was a German politician.\nBorn in Greifswald, Gercke became a department head of the NSDAP in Munich on 1 January 1932. In April 1933 he was appointed to the Ministry of the Interior, where he served as an expert on racial matters.Gercke devised the system of \"racial prophylaxis\", forbidding the intermarriage between Jews and Aryans. As a student, he had attempted to develop a card index listing all Jews in Germany. His articles outlined Nazi policy on what to do to the Jews during the early phase of the Third Reich, which included expulsion from Germany. He described the just-enacted Nuremberg Laws restricting Jews as provisional measures, which indicated the direction future measures would take. Gercke argued for defining \"Jew\" as including any person with one-sixteenth Jewish blood. Later in 1942, the Wannsee Conference ultimately defined \"Jew\" quite differently: Persons having one Jewish grandparent were mostly excluded and even certain persons with two Jewish grandparents might be excluded, if they followed the Christian faith.In 1932, Nazi Gauleiter Rudolf Jordan claimed that SS Security Chief Reinhard Heydrich was not a pure \"Aryan\". Within the Nazi organisation such innuendo could be damning, even for the head of the Reich's counterintelligence service. Gregor Strasser passed the allegations on to Achim Gercke who investigated Heydrich's genealogy. Gercke reported that Heydrich was \"... of German origin and free from any coloured and Jewish blood\". He insisted that the rumours were baseless. Even with this report, Heydrich privately engaged SD member Ernst Hoffman to further investigate and deny the rumours.In 1935, Gercke was dismissed following allegations of homosexuality. After the war, he worked as an archivist and town clerk.", "Q440368": "Charlotte Sullivan (born October 21, 1983) is a Canadian actress.", "Q431591": "Neko Richelle Case (; born September 8, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter, best known for her solo career and her contributions as a member of the Canadian indie rock group the New Pornographers.", "Q447407": "Roberto Satti better known as Bobby Solo (born 18 March 1945) is an Italian singer, musician and film actor.", "Q346230": "Charles Tennant (3 May 1768 \u2013 1 October 1838) was a Scottish chemist and industrialist. He discovered bleaching powder and founded an industrial dynasty.", "Q121207": "Heinrich Ferdinand Adolph Sch\u00f6nfelder (1875\u20131966) was a German politician, Alterspr\u00e4sident (President by right of age, Father of the House) of the Federal German parliamentary council in 1948\u201349, mayor of Hamburg, and member of the Hamburg Parliament. Sch\u00f6nfelder was member of the Social Democratic Party.\nOn 1 September 1948 in his position of Alterspr\u00e4sident, Sch\u00f6nfelder presided over the first meeting of the Parliamentary Council that drafted the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany. As presiding officer of the constitutive meeting of the parliamentary council, he chaired the election of the council's President and two Vice-Presidents. He was chosen first vice-president of the council.\nOn 23 May 1949, as first vice-president of the parliamentary council, he signed the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany together with Konrad Adenauer and Hermann Sch\u00e4fer.\nSch\u00f6nfelder was honorary citizen of Hamburg, the highest decoration of the city-state.\n\n", "Q89365": "Seifried Helbling (b. 1230) was an Austrian poet.\nHelbling is the supposed author of 15 small books of poetry. These poems, composed between 1282 and 1300, are instructional satires written in the form of a dialogue between the poet and his servant. They thoroughly and wittily describe the current state of life and the social mores in the poet's time. Also included are poems of a religious nature, some honoring the Virgin Mary. Helbling's authorship of these 15 books is still in question.Helbling was also the proprietor of an arboretum in Nu\u00dfdorf, a suburb of Vienna.", "Q63964": "Sarnen is a small historic town, a municipality, and the capital of the canton of Obwalden situated on the northern shores of Lake Sarnen (German: Sarnersee) in Switzerland. It has a population of just over 10,000 and is surrounded by countryside and mountains. Sarnen is located 20 km south of Lucerne.\nThe official language of Sarnen is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q4723284": "Alfred Percy Allsopp (26 August 1861 \u2013 22 February 1929) was an English businessman and Conservative Party politician.\nAllsopp was the sixth and youngest son of Henry Allsopp, 1st Baron Hindlip and Elizabeth Tongue. Several of his brothers were active in politics.\nHe was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Taunton at a by-election in April 1887, in the place of his oldest brother, Samuel, who had succeeded to the peerage on the death of their father. He was re-elected in 1892, and stood down from Parliament at the 1895 general election.Allsopp was appointed as a Deputy Lieutenant of Staffordshire in 1887. He was also a Justice of the Peace (JP) in Worcestershire. He was Mayor of Worcester three times (1892, 1894 and 1909).Alfred entered the family business Samuel Allsopp & Sons, as a junior partner from 1883 to 1887. He later became chairman of the company, and oversaw its conversion into a Limited Company, and retired from the business in 1900 and then sold all his shares in the company. He was also a director of the New Grand Hotel in Birmingham, of the Yolandi Mining Corporation Limited, and of Allsopp and Partners.He was made bankrupt in June 1914, after losses at Allsopp and Partners forced him to resort to moneylenders, and discharged from bankruptcy in 1920.", "Q119798": "Michael Kirk Douglas (born September 25, 1944) is an American actor and producer. He has received numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards, five Golden Globe Awards, a Primetime Emmy Award, the Cecil B. DeMille Award, and the AFI Life Achievement Award.The elder son of Kirk Douglas and Diana Dill, Douglas received his Bachelor of Arts in Drama from the University of California, Santa Barbara. His early acting roles included film, stage, and television productions. Douglas first achieved prominence for his performance in the ABC police procedural television series The Streets of San Francisco, for which he received three consecutive Emmy Award nominations. In 1975, Douglas produced One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, having acquired the rights to the Ken Kesey novel from his father. The film received critical and popular acclaim, and won the Academy Award for Best Picture, earning Douglas his first Oscar as one of the film's producers. After leaving The Streets of San Francisco in 1976, Douglas went on to produce films including The China Syndrome (1979) and Romancing the Stone (1984). He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy for Romancing the Stone, in which he also starred, thus reintroducing himself to audiences as a capable leading man.\nAfter reprising his Romancing the Stone role as Jack Colton in the 1985 sequel The Jewel of the Nile, which he also produced, and along with appearing in the musical A Chorus Line (1985) and the psychological thriller Fatal Attraction (1987), Douglas received critical acclaim for his portrayal of Gordon Gekko in Oliver Stone's Wall Street (1987), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. He reprised the role in the sequel Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps (2010). His subsequent film roles included: Black Rain (1989); The War of the Roses (1989); Basic Instinct (1992); Falling Down (1993); The American President (1995); The Game (1997); Traffic and Wonder Boys (both 2000); Solitary Man (2009); Ant-Man (2015), Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019). In 2013, for his portrayal of Liberace in the HBO film Behind the Candelabra, he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie. Douglas currently stars as an aging acting coach in Chuck Lorre's comedy series The Kominsky Method, for which he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy, and in the Netflix series Green Eggs and Ham, where he voices Guy-Am-I.\nApart from his acting career, Douglas has received notice for his humanitarian and political activism, as well as media attention for his marriage to Welsh actress Catherine Zeta-Jones.", "Q168161": "Zbigniew Eugeniusz Religa (Polish: [\u02c8zbi\u0261\u0272\u025bf r\u025b\u02c8li\u0261a] (listen); December 16, 1938 \u2013 March 8, 2009) was a prominent Polish cardiac surgeon and politician.", "Q1508673": "George Zucco (11 January 1886 \u2013 27 May 1960) was an English character actor who appeared, almost always in supporting roles, in 96 films during a career spanning two decades, from 1931 to 1951. In his horror films, he often played a suave villain or a mad doctor.", "Q90634": "Volker Spengler ([\u02c8f\u0254lk\u0250 \u02c8\u0283p\u025b\u014bl\u0250]; 16 February 1939 \u2013 8 February 2020) was a German stage and film actor. Spengler was best known to international audiences as a member of director Rainer Werner Fassbinder's acting ensemble, including his role as the transsexual Erwin/Elvira of Fassbinder's In a Year of 13 Moons (1978). Spengler appeared in about 40 film and television productions between 1966 and 2004, also working with other directors such as Christoph Schlingensief and Volker Schl\u00f6ndorff. On stage, he performed at Berlin's Volksb\u00fchne and with the Berliner Ensemble.", "Q106860": "Gerhard Zwerenz (3 June 1925 in Gablenz, Saxony \u2013 13 July 2015) was a German writer and politician. From 1994 until 1998 he was a member of the Bundestag for the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS).", "Q129883": "This page is about a former politician from Indiana; For other people named Andrew Hamilton, see Andrew Hamilton (disambiguation).\nAndrew Holman Hamilton (June 7, 1834 \u2013 May 9, 1895) was a politician from Indiana who served in the United States House of Representatives.", "Q87348": "Berthold Jacob (12 December 1898 Lisbon \u2013 26 February 1944 Berlin) was a German journalist and pacifist.\nJacob experienced the First World War whilst serving on the western front in 1918. This led him to become a pacifist. He went on to become a radical critic of German militarism writing articles about German secret rearmament and the Feme murders. From 1923 he wrote a series of articles for Die Weltb\u00fchne under the pseudonym \"Old Soldier\". However, in 1928 he was prosecuted for treason and sentenced to nine months imprisonment.\nJacob left Germany for Strasbourg 1932. Here he set up an independent press service. However having been enticed to Basle by the undercover Gestapo agent Hans Wesemann, Jacob was kidnapped in March 1935. Jacob had known Wesemann for some time and had indeed served as best man at Wesemann's wedding. Wesemann was subsequently sentenced to three years in jail for the kidnapping. This was investigated by the Swiss police officer Anton Ganz, who went to London to interview such people as Dora Fabian and Karl Korsch. The subsequent death of Fabian alongside her friend Mathilde Wurm led to concern that they had been murdered rather than the suicide which was the verdict of the coroner's court. This contributed to the climate of opinion which led to a successful campaign for his release from Germany. This campaign was based on Swiss diplomatic pressure and German exile protests.Upon his return to Switzerland he was deported to France. Here he continued his work until the outbreak of the Second world War. He was interned with his wife in the south of France in 1939/40. However they managed to escape from Marseille travelling to Portugal in 1941. Jacob was one of the refugees aided by Varian Fry. However Jacob was once again kidnapped in Lisbon by the nazis and held in the Gestapo prison at Prinz Albrecht Strasse, Berlin. Owing to the harsh treatment he endured Berthold Jacob died in the Berlin Jewish Hospital on 26 February 1944.", "Q8748": "Albanian (shqip [\u0283c\u0361\u00e7ip] or gjuha shqipe [\u025f\u0361\u029duha \u02c8\u0283c\u0361\u00e7ip\u025b]) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Albanians in the Balkans and the Albanian diaspora in the Americas, Europe and Oceania. With about 7.5 million speakers, it comprises an independent branch within the Indo-European languages and is not closely related to any other language.First attested in the 15th century, it is the last Indo-European branch to appear in written records. This is one of the reasons why its still-unknown origin has long been a matter of dispute among linguists and historians. Albanian is considered to be the descendant of one of the Paleo-Balkan languages of antiquity. For more historical and geographical reasons than specifically linguistic ones, there are various modern historians and linguists who believe that the Albanian language may have descended from a southern Illyrian dialect spoken in much the same region in classical times. Alternative hypotheses hold that Albanian may have descended from Thracian or Daco-Moesian, other ancient languages spoken farther east than Illyrian.\nNot enough is known of these languages to completely prove or disprove the various hypotheses.The two main Albanian dialects, Gheg and Tosk, are primarily distinguished by phonological differences, and are mutually intelligible, with Gheg spoken to the north and Tosk spoken to the south of the Shkumbin river. Their characteristics in the treatment of the native and loanwords from other languages, have led to the conclusion that the dialectal split occurred after Christianisation of the region (4th century AD) and at the time of the Slavic migration to the Balkans, with the historic boundary between Gheg and Tosk being the Shkumbin which straddled the Jire\u010dek line. Standard Albanian is a standardised form of spoken Albanian based on the Tosk dialect. It is the official language of Albania and Kosovo and a co-official language in North Macedonia as well as a minority language of Italy, Montenegro, Romania and Serbia.\nCenturies-old communities speaking Albanian dialects can be found scattered in Croatia (the Arbanasi), Greece (the Arvanites and some communities in Epirus, Western Macedonia and Western Thrace), Italy (the Arb\u00ebresh\u00eb) as well as in Romania, Turkey, and Ukraine. Two varieties of the Tosk dialect, Arvanitika in Greece and Arb\u00ebresh in southern Italy, have preserved archaic elements of the language.", "Q32295": "Michael James Massimino (born August 19, 1962) is an American professor of mechanical engineering at Columbia University and a former NASA astronaut. He is the senior advisor of space programs at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum.\n\n", "Q338922": "F\u00e9licien Champsaur (1858\u20131934) was a French novelist and journalist.\nChampsaur was born at Turriers, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. His first novel was the roman \u00e0 clef Dinah Samuel (1882), said to present portraits of poet Arthur Rimbaud and actress Sarah Bernhardt. He went on to publish many novels, collections of articles, and other works, including Miss America (1885), Entr\u00e9e de clowns (1886), Parisiennes (1887), Les Boh\u00e9miens (1887), Lulu (1888), L'Amant des danseuses (1888), La Gomme (1889), and Poup\u00e9e Japonaise (1912), Nora, la guenon devenue femme (1929), a parody loosely based on the career of American dancer Josephine Baker. He died in Paris.", "Q722555": "Charles Simic (Serbian: \u0414\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043d \"\u0427\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0441\" \u0421\u0438\u043c\u0438\u045b [d\u01d4\u0283an t\u0283\u00e2rls s\u01d0\u02d0mit\u0255]; born Du\u0161an Simi\u0107; May 9, 1938) is a Serbian American poet and former co-poetry editor of the Paris Review. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1990 for The World Doesn't End, and was a finalist of the Pulitzer Prize in 1986 for Selected Poems, 1963-1983 and in 1987 for Unending Blues. He was appointed the fifteenth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 2007.\n\n", "Q1935609": "A propaganda film is a film that involves some form of propaganda. Propaganda films may be packaged in numerous ways, but are most often documentary-style productions or fictional screenplays, that are produced to convince the viewer of a specific political point or influence the opinions or behavior of the viewer, often by providing subjective content that may be deliberately misleading.Propaganda is the ability \"to produce and spread fertile messages that, once sown, will germinate in large human cultures.\u201d However, in the 20th century, a \u201cnew\u201d propaganda emerged, which revolved around political organizations and their need to communicate messages that would \u201csway relevant groups of people in order to accommodate their agendas\u201d. First developed by the Lumiere brothers in 1896, film provided a unique means of accessing large audiences at once. Film was the first universal mass medium in that it could simultaneously influence viewers as individuals and members of a crowd, which led to it quickly becoming a tool for governments and non-state organizations to project a desired ideological message. As Nancy Snow stated in her book, Information War: American Propaganda, Free Speech and Opinion Control Since 9-11, propaganda \"begins where critical thinking ends.\"", "Q287478": "Diane Farr (born September 7, 1969) is an American actress, producer, and writer. She is known for her roles as the FBI agent Megan Reeves in the CBS television series Numb3rs and the firefighter Laura Miles in Rescue Me.", "Q340127": "Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls (also known as Ace Ventura 2: When Nature Calls) is a 1995 American detective comedy film and the sequel to Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1994). Jim Carrey reprises his role as the title character Ace Ventura, a detective who specializes in retrieval of tame and captive animals. Ian McNeice, Simon Callow, and Sophie Okonedo co-star. Tommy Davidson, who co-starred with Carrey on the show In Living Color, makes a cameo appearance in the film.\nThe film was written and directed by Carrey's close friend Steve Oedekerk, who had also collaborated in the production and as a character consultant for the first film.", "Q4908430": "Not to be confused with Bill Carrothers.William H. Carruthers (September 27, 1930 \u2013 March 2, 2003) was an American television executive who gained his first fame as the director of The Soupy Sales Show at Detroit television station WXYZ-TV. He also directed the Ernie Kovacs-helmed game show, Take a Good Look, for ABC from 1959 to 1961.\nCarruthers was born in Detroit, Michigan. He served in the Air Force for four years, and after serving, he took up a job at Detroit ABC affiliate WXYZ-TV. One day, he showed up to the station to work when he was told at the last minute, the regular director was unable to direct The Soupy Sales Show, he stepped in to direct the show. He was named the permanent director, and moved with his family to Los Angeles in 1959 upon the show becoming nationally distributed.He went on to be the director on The Newlywed Game and The Dating Game before starting his own production company in 1968. His company, The William Carruthers Company, produced the ABC country music series The Johnny Cash Show in 1969 with his partner Joel Stein for Screen Gems. He also produced and directed game shows including Give-n-Take, The Neighbors, Second Chance (all with Warner Bros. Television), Lee Trevino's Golf for Swingers (with advertising agency McCann Erickson) and the 1975 version of You Don't Say! (with Ralph Andrews Productions and Warner Bros. Television), before hitting it big with the CBS game show, Press Your Luck (which was a retooling of the earlier Second Chance), which ran from 1983\u201386. He was the voice for the multiple Whammy animations on the show.In the 1990s, he produced specials for The Family Channel, called Marry Me, as well as a short-lived game show for ESPN, Designated Hitter.He suffered a stroke on set in 1996. This led to his retirement, which eventually led to his death from heart failure in 2003. Two weeks after his death, Game Show Network aired a documentary called Big Bucks: The Press Your Luck Scandal about a contestant on the Carruthers co-created Press Your Luck named Michael Larson. The documentary detailed how Larson created a method that allowed him to win a record-breaking sum of over $100,000 on the game show. Carruthers was interviewed for the program, which marked his last appearance before his death. The original airing of the documentary was dedicated in his memory. Today, the rights to the Press Your Luck format are owned by the British multi-national media company Fremantle.", "Q2061176": "The School of American Ballet (SAB) is an American classical ballet school and is the associate school of the New York City Ballet, a ballet company based at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York City. The school trains students from the age of six, with professional vocational ballet training for students aged 11\u201318. Graduates of the school achieve employment with leading ballet companies worldwide, most notably in the United States with New York City Ballet, American Ballet Theatre, Boston Ballet, San Francisco Ballet, Miami City Ballet and Pacific Northwest Ballet.", "Q254620": "Katrin Juliet Cartlidge (15 May 1961 \u2013 7 September 2002) was an English actress. She first appeared on screen as Lucy Collins in the Channel 4 soap opera Brookside (1982\u201383), before going on to win the 1997 Evening Standard Film Award for Best Actress for the Mike Leigh film Career Girls. Her other film appearances included Leigh's Naked (1993), Before the Rain (1994), Breaking the Waves (1996) and From Hell (2001).", "Q212675": "Mysterious Island (UK: Jules Verne's Mysterious Island) is a 1961 science fiction adventure film about prisoners in the American Civil War who escape in a balloon and then find themselves stranded on a remote island populated by giant mutated animals.Loosely based upon the 1874 novel The Mysterious Island (L'\u00cele myst\u00e9rieuse) by Jules Verne (which was the sequel to two other novels by Verne, 1867's In Search of the Castaways and 1870's Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea), the film was produced by Charles H. Schneer and directed by Cy Endfield.Shot in Catalonia, Spain, and at Shepperton Studios, Shepperton, England, the film serves as a showcase for Ray Harryhausen's stop motion animation effects. Like several of Harryhausen's classic productions, the musical score was composed by Bernard Herrmann. The film was remade in 2005.", "Q75860": "Annemarie Schimmel (7 April 1922 \u2013 26 January 2003) was an influential German Orientalist and scholar who wrote extensively on Islam and Sufism. Internationally renowned, she was a professor at Harvard University from 1967 to 1992.", "Q638519": "The Royal Archcathedral Basilica of Saints Stanislaus and Wenceslaus on the Wawel Hill (Polish: Kr\u00f3lewska Bazylika Archikatedralna \u015b\u015b. Stanis\u0142awa i Wac\u0142awa na Wawelu), also known as the Wawel Cathedral (Polish: Katedra Wawelska), is a Roman Catholic church and Cathedral of the Archdiocese of Krak\u00f3w, located on Wawel Hill in Krak\u00f3w, Poland. More than 900 years old, it is the Polish national sanctuary and traditionally has served as coronation site of the Polish monarchs. \nKarol Wojtyla, who in 1978 became Pope John Paul II, the day after his ordination to the priesthood offered his first Mass as a priest in the Crypt of the Cathedral on 2 November 1946, and was ordained Krak\u00f3w's auxiliary bishop in the Cathedral on 28 September 1958.The current, Gothic cathedral, is the third edifice on this site: the first was constructed and destroyed in the 11th century; the second one, constructed in the 12th century, was destroyed by a fire in 1305. The construction of the current one began in the 14th century on the orders of bishop Nanker.", "Q299646": "Ana Patricia Bot\u00edn-Sanz de Sautuola O'Shea, DBE (born 4 October 1960) is a Spanish banker. On 10 September 2014 she was appointed executive chairman of Santander Group, the fourth generation of the Bot\u00edn family to hold this role. Prior to this she was CEO of Santander UK, a role she held from December 2010.\nIn 2005, Bot\u00edn was ranked by Forbes magazine as the 99th most powerful woman in the world. In 2009, she was ranked 45th. In February 2013, she was ranked the third most powerful woman in the UK by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. In 2016, she was ranked the 10th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes and in 2017 she rose to the Number 9 spot. and in 2019, she rose once again to the number 8 spot in Forbes most powerful women.", "Q52207": "Claire Tomalin (born Claire Delavenay on 20 June 1933) is an English author and journalist, known for her biographies on Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, Samuel Pepys, Jane Austen, and Mary Wollstonecraft.\n\n", "Q356745": "Leslie Sebastian Charles (born 21 January 1950), known professionally as Billy Ocean, is a Trinidadian-English recording artist who had a string of R&B international pop hits in the 1970s and 1980s. He was the most popular Trinidad\u2013British R&B singer-songwriter of the early to mid-1980s. After scoring his first four UK Top 20 successes, seven years passed before he accumulated a series of transatlantic successes, including three US No.\u20091's. His 1985 hit \"When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going\" reached No.\u20091 in the UK and No.\u20092 in the US. In 1985, Ocean won the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for his worldwide hit \"Caribbean Queen (No More Love on the Run)\" and in 1987 was nominated for the Brit Award for Best British Male Artist. His 1988 hit \"Get Outta My Dreams, Get into My Car\" reached No.\u20091 in the US and No.\u20093 in the UK. His 1986 hit \"There'll Be Sad Songs (To Make You Cry)\" also reached No. 1 in the US. In 2002, the University of Westminster, London, awarded Ocean an honorary doctorate of music. In 2010, Ocean was presented with the Lifetime Achievement Award at the MOBO Awards. On 29 July 2011, Ocean became a Companion of the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts, presented to him by Sir Paul McCartney. He is a member of the Rastafari movement.", "Q203778": "The Muse is a 1999 comedy film starring Albert Brooks, Sharon Stone, Andie MacDowell and Jeff Bridges, directed by Brooks.\n\n", "Q342730": "Antonio Labriola (Italian pronunciation: [an\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0njo labri\u02c8\u0254\u02d0la]; 2 July 1843 \u2013 12 February 1904) was an Italian Marxist theoretician and philosopher. Although an academic philosopher and never an active member of any Marxist political party, his thought exerted influence on many political theorists in Italy during the early 20th century, including the founder of the Italian Liberal Party, Benedetto Croce and the leaders of the Italian Communist Party, Antonio Gramsci and Amadeo Bordiga. He also influenced Bolshevik and Left Oppositionist Leon Trotsky.", "Q82556": "Jakob Nielsen (born 5 October 1957) is a Danish web usability consultant. He holds a Ph.D. in human\u2013computer interaction from the Technical University of Denmark in Copenhagen.\n\n", "Q188095": "Toranosuke Katayama (\u7247\u5c71 \u864e\u4e4b\u52a9, Katayama Toranosuke) (born 2 August 1935) is a Japanese politician who held different cabinet posts. He is a former member of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan and currently one of leaders of Nippon Ishin no Kai.\n\n", "Q256037": "Stage Beauty is a 2004 romantic period drama directed by Richard Eyre. The screenplay by Jeffrey Hatcher is based on his play Compleat Female Stage Beauty, which was inspired by references to 17th-century actor Edward Kynaston made in the detailed private diary kept by Samuel Pepys.", "Q352523": "Leo Kereselidze (Georgian: \u10da\u10d4\u10dd \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4) (1885 \u2013 1944) was a Georgian military figure, politician and journalist involved in the Georgian national movement against the Russian and later Soviet domination.\nEarly in his twenties, Keresselidze was involved in the Russian Revolution of 1905 and took part in attacks against Russian officials and military as well as in the running of a cargo of guns to the port of Sukhum-Kale. He subsequently moved to Western Europe and obtained a Ph.D. degree from the University of Geneva. In 1913, he joined a group of Georgian patriots in the Committee of Independent Georgia, and engaged in journalism, co-editing with his brother Georges Keresselidze a Geneva-based Georgian newspaper Tavisupali Sakartvelo (\u201cFree Georgia\u201d) from 1913 to 1914, and then working for a Berlin-based Kartuli Gazeti (\u201cGeorgian Newspaper\u201d) from 1916 to 1918. In 1914, at the eve of World War I, the Committee moved to Germany and sought the German aid in restoring the independence of Georgia from Russia. Keresselidze led a military unit of Georgian volunteers, the Georgian Legion, which fought on the German side and was transferred to the Ottoman-Russian Caucasus front. Keresselidze tried to negotiate an alliance with the Ottoman Empire, but refused to accept its suzerainty over a potentially independent Georgia. He was subsequently promoted to major general, but the Legion was disbanded due to his disagreement with the Ottoman government. Keresselidze was then involved in diplomacy between Georgians and Germans, and staging subversions against the Russian troops. After the collapse of the Russian armies in the Caucasus and the proclamation of Georgian independence in May 1918, Keresselidze was able to his own country and helped create national army divisions. The 1921 Red Army invasion of Georgia forced him into exile to Germany where he was among the founding members and a secretary general of the right-leaning nationalist organization Tetri Giorgi. Not long before his death, he helped establish a new political organization of Georgian \u00e9migr\u00e9s, the Union of Georgian Traditionalists.\nKeresselidze's revolutionary career is the subject of a fictionalized biography Unending Battle (London, 1934) by the British army officer and writer Harold Courtenay Armstrong (1891\u20131943).", "Q453314": "Alan Charles Jardine (born September 3, 1942) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter who co-founded the Beach Boys. He is best known as the band's rhythm guitarist and for occasionally singing lead vocals on songs such as \"Help Me, Rhonda\" (1965), \"Come Go with Me\" (1978), and \"From There to Back Again\" (2012). His song \"Lady Lynda\" became a UK top 10 hit for the group in 1978.\nFollowing the death of fellow band member Carl Wilson in 1998, Jardine left the touring Beach Boys and has since performed as a solo artist. He has released one solo studio album, A Postcard from California (2010). In 1988, Jardine was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Beach Boys.", "Q92745": "Ole-Johan Dahl (12 October 1931 \u2013 29 June 2002) was a Norwegian computer scientist. Dahl was a professor of computer science at the University of Oslo and is considered to be one of the fathers of Simula and object-oriented programming along with Kristen Nygaard.", "Q122068": "Karl Christian Planck (January 17, 1819 \u2013 June 7, 1880) was a German philosopher.", "Q4614": "The University of Southern California (USC, SC, or Southern Cal) is a private research university in Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1880, it is the oldest private research university in California. For the 2018\u201319 academic year, there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs. USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs, including business, law, engineering, social work, occupational therapy, pharmacy, and medicine. It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles and generates $8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California.USC was one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System. Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing, dynamic programming, image compression, VoIP, and antivirus software.USC's alumni include a total of 11 Rhodes Scholars and 12 Marshall Scholars. As of October 2018, nine Nobel laureates, six MacArthur Fellows, and one Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university. As of May 2018, USC has conferred degrees upon 29 alumni who became billionaires. USC has graduated more alumni who have gone on to win an Academy Award than any other institution in the world by a significant margin. USC alumni have also played crucial roles in 21 of the top 25 highest-grossing films of all time, as of 2019.USC sponsors a variety of intercollegiate sports and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the Pac-12 Conference. Members of USC's sports teams, the Trojans, have won 107 NCAA team championships, ranking them third in the United States, and 409 NCAA individual championships, ranking them second in the United States. Trojan athletes have won 288 medals at the Olympic Games (135 golds, 88 silvers and 65 bronzes), more than any other university in the United States. In 1969, it joined the Association of American Universities. USC has had a total of 521 football players drafted to the National Football League, the second-highest number of drafted players in the country.", "Q3441378": "Ron Cobb (born 1937) is an American cartoonist, artist, writer, film designer, and film director. He lives in Sydney, Australia.\n\n", "Q312107": "Martin Henry Balsam (November 4, 1919 \u2013 February 13, 1996) was an American character actor. He is best known for a number of renowned film roles, including detective Milton Arbogast in Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (1960), Arnold Burns in A Thousand Clowns (1965) (for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor), Juror #1 in 12 Angry Men (1957), and Mr. Green in The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (1974), as well as for his role as Murray Klein in the television sitcom Archie Bunker's Place (1979\u20131983).", "Q380465": "Koson Aeba (\u9957\u5ead \u7bc1\u6751, August 15, 1855 \u2013 June 20, 1922) was a Japanese author, theater critic, and calligraphy master. His real name is Yosaburou Aeba (\u9957\u5ead\u8207\u4e09\u90ce). He was also called \"The Master of the Bamboo Hut\" (\u7af9\u306e\u5c4b\u4e3b\u4eba).\nHe was born in Shitaya Ryuusenji-cho in Tait\u014d Ward, Tokyo.\nAmong his works is his translation of Edgar Allan Poe's The Murders in the Rue Morgue. He is buried in Somei cemetery in Tokyo.", "Q43322": "Jay Steven Kogen (born May 3, 1963) is an American comedy writer, producer, actor and director.", "Q7335": "Hermine \"Miep\" Gies (n\u00e9e Santruschitz; 15 February 1909 \u2013 11 January 2010) (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8mip \u02c8xis]), was one of the Dutch citizens who hid Anne Frank, her family (Otto Frank, Margot Frank, Edith Frank-Holl\u00e4nder) and four other Dutch Jews (Fritz Pfeffer, Hermann van Pels, Auguste van Pels, Peter van Pels) from the Nazis in an annex above Otto Frank's business premises during World War II. She was Austrian by birth, but in 1920, at the age of eleven, she was taken in as a foster child by a Dutch family to whom she became very attached. Although she was initially only to stay for six months, this stay was extended to one year because of frail health, after which Gies chose to remain with them, living the rest of her life in the Netherlands. She died in 2010 at 100 years of age.\nIn 1933, Gies began working for Otto Frank, a Jewish businessman who had moved with his family from Germany to the Netherlands in hopes of sparing his family from Nazi persecution. She became a close, trusted friend of the Frank family and was a great support to them during the two years they spent in hiding. Together with her colleague Bep Voskuijl, she retrieved Anne Frank's diary after the family was arrested and kept the papers safe until Otto Frank returned from Auschwitz in June 1945 and learned of his younger daughter's death. Gies had stored Anne Frank's papers in the hopes of returning them to the girl, but gave them to Otto Frank, who compiled them into a diary first published in 1947.\nIn collaboration with Alison Leslie Gold, Gies wrote the book Anne Frank Remembered: The Story of the Woman Who Helped to Hide the Frank Family in 1987.", "Q253167": "Margot Louise \"Margaux\" Hemingway (February 16, 1954 \u2013 July 1, 1996) was an American fashion model and actress. Hemingway earned success as a supermodel in the mid-1970s appearing on the covers of Cosmopolitan, Elle, Harper's Bazaar, Vogue, and TIME. \nShe signed a million-dollar contract for Faberg\u00e9 as the spokesmodel for Babe perfume. She was the granddaughter of writer Ernest Hemingway. Her later years were marred by highly publicized episodes of addiction and depression, before her suicide from a drug overdose on July 1, 1996 at the age of 42.", "Q8006": "Akira Kurosawa (Japanese: \u9ed2\u6fa4\u660e or \u9ed2\u6ca2\u660e or \u9ed1\u6fa4\u660e Kurosawa Akira; March 23, 1910 \u2013 September 6, 1998) was a Japanese film director and screenwriter, who directed 30 films in a career spanning 57 years. He is regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers in the history of cinema.\nKurosawa entered the Japanese film industry in 1936, following a brief stint as a painter. After years of working on numerous films as an assistant director and scriptwriter, he made his debut as a director during World War II with the popular action film Sanshiro Sugata (a.k.a. Judo Saga). After the war, the critically acclaimed Drunken Angel (1948), in which Kurosawa cast then-unknown actor Toshiro Mifune in a starring role, cemented the director's reputation as one of the most important young filmmakers in Japan. The two men would go on to collaborate on another 15 films.\nRashomon, which premiered in Tokyo, became the surprise winner of the Golden Lion at the 1951 Venice Film Festival. The commercial and critical success of that film opened up Western film markets for the first time to the products of the Japanese film industry, which in turn led to international recognition for other Japanese filmmakers. Kurosawa directed approximately one film per year throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, including a number of highly regarded (and often adapted) films, such as Ikiru (1952), Seven Samurai (1954) and Yojimbo (1961). After the 1960s he became much less prolific; even so, his later work\u2014including his final two epics, Kagemusha (1980) and Ran (1985)\u2014continued to win awards, though more often abroad than in Japan.\nIn 1990, he accepted the Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement. Posthumously, he was named \"Asian of the Century\" in the \"Arts, Literature, and Culture\" category by AsianWeek magazine and CNN, cited there as being among the five people who most prominently contributed to the improvement of Asia in the 20th century. His career has been honored by many retrospectives, critical studies and biographies in both print and video, and by releases in many consumer media formats.", "Q98526": "Ulrich Daldrup (born 27 September 1947) is a former political leader and mayor of the German city of Aachen. He is an expert in International Cooperation and in Humanitarian Aid, and worked and lived many years in Africa and Asia.", "Q87406": "Julius Hermann Kroehl (in German, Kr\u00f6hl) was a German American inventor and engineer. He invented and built the first submarine able to dive and resurface on its own, the Sub Marine Explorer, technically advanced for its era. His achievements in architecture, civil and mechanical engineering were also significant.", "Q205321": "The Killers (also known as A Man Alone) is a 1946 American film noir directed by Robert Siodmak and based in part on the 1927 short story of the same name by Ernest Hemingway.It stars Burt Lancaster in his film debut, Ava Gardner, Edmond O'Brien and Sam Levene. The film also features William Conrad in his first credited role, as one of the killers referred to in the title. An uncredited John Huston and Richard Brooks co-wrote the screenplay, which was credited to Anthony Veiller.\nIn 2008, The Killers was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".\nHemingway, who was habitually disgusted with how Hollywood distorted his thematic intentions, was a fan of the 1946 film directed by Robert Siodmak, stating that \"It is a good picture and the only good picture ever made of a story of mine.\"", "Q358998": "Utopia and dystopia are genres of speculative fiction that explore social and political structures. Utopian fiction portrays a setting that agrees with the author's ethos, having various attributes of another reality intended to appeal to readers. Dystopian fiction (sometimes combined with but distinct from apocalyptic literature) offers the opposite: the portrayal of a setting that completely disagrees with the author's ethos. Many novels combine both, often as a metaphor for the different directions humanity can take, depending on its choices, ending up with one of two possible futures. Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in science fiction and other speculative-fiction genres, and arguably are by definition a type of speculative fiction.\nMore than 400 utopian works were published prior to the year 1900 in the English language alone, with more than a thousand others appearing during the 20th century.", "Q213543": "Rudolf Erich Raspe (March 1736 \u2013 16 November 1794) was a German librarian, writer, and scientist, called by his biographer John Patrick Carswell a \"rogue\". He is best known for his collection of tall tales The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen, also known as Baron Munchausen's Narrative of his Marvellous Travels and Campaigns in Russia, originally a satirical work with political aims.", "Q484302": "James Alan Hetfield (born August 3, 1963) is an American musician and songwriter best known for being the co-founder, lead vocalist/rhythm guitarist and main songwriter for the American heavy metal band Metallica. Hetfield is mainly known for his intricate rhythm playing, but occasionally performs lead guitar duties and solos, both live and in the studio. Hetfield co-founded Metallica in October 1981 after answering an advertisement by drummer Lars Ulrich in the Los Angeles newspaper The Recycler. Metallica has won nine Grammy Awards and released ten studio albums, three live albums, four extended plays and 24 singles.\nIn 2009, Hetfield was ranked at no. 8 in Joel McIver's book The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists and no. 24 by Hit Parader on their list of the 100 Greatest Metal Vocalists of All Time. In Guitar World's poll, Hetfield was placed as the 19th greatest guitarist of all time, as well as being placed second (along with Metallica lead guitarist Kirk Hammett) in The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists poll of the same magazine. Rolling Stone placed Hetfield as the 87th greatest guitarist of all time.", "Q233693": "Elizabeth Short (July 29, 1924 \u2013 January 14 or 15, 1947), known posthumously as the \"Black Dahlia\", was an American woman who was found murdered in the Leimert Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Her case became highly publicized due to the graphic nature of the crime, which included her corpse having been mutilated and bisected at the waist.\nA native of Boston, Short spent her early life in Medford, Massachusetts and Florida before relocating to California, where her father lived. It is commonly held that Short was an aspiring actress, though she had no known acting credits or jobs during her time in Los Angeles. She would acquire the nickname of the Black Dahlia posthumously (after the owner of a drugstore in Long Beach, California told reporters that male customers had that name for her), as newspapers of the period often nicknamed particularly lurid crimes; the term may have originated from a film noir murder mystery, The Blue Dahlia, released in April 1946. After the discovery of her body on January 15, 1947, the Los Angeles Police Department began an extensive investigation that produced over 150 suspects, but yielded no arrests.\nShort's unsolved murder and the details surrounding it have had a lasting cultural intrigue, generating various theories and public speculation. Her life and death have been the basis of numerous books and films, and her murder is frequently cited as one of the most famous unsolved murders in American history, as well as one of the oldest unsolved cases in Los Angeles County. It has likewise been credited by historians as one of the first major crimes in post\u2013World War II America to capture national attention.", "Q1744": "Madonna Louise Ciccone (; Italian: [t\u0283ik\u02c8ko\u02d0ne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Referred to as the \"Queen of Pop\" since the 1980s, Madonna is known for pushing the boundaries of songwriting in popular music and for the visuals she uses onstage and in music videos. She has frequently reinvented her music and image while remaining completely in charge of every aspect of her career. Her diverse works, which incorporated social, political, sexual, and religious themes, have generated both critical acclaim and controversy. Madonna is often cited as an influence by other artists.\nBorn and raised in Michigan, Madonna moved to New York City in 1978 to pursue a career in modern dance. After performing as a drummer, guitarist, and vocalist in the rock bands Breakfast Club and Emmy, Madonna signed with Sire Records in 1982 and released her eponymous debut album the next year. She followed it with a series of successful albums, including global bestsellers Like a Virgin (1984) and True Blue (1986) as well as Grammy Award winners Ray of Light (1998) and Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005). Madonna has attained many number-one singles throughout her career, including \"Like a Virgin\", \"La Isla Bonita\", \"Like a Prayer\", \"Vogue\", \"Take a Bow\", \"Frozen\", \"Music\", \"Hung Up\", and \"4 Minutes\".\nMadonna's popularity was further enhanced by her roles in films such as Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), Dick Tracy (1990), A League of Their Own (1992), and Evita (1996). While Evita earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress, many of her other films received poor reviews. As a businesswoman, Madonna founded an entertainment company called Maverick (including the label Maverick Records) in 1992. Her other ventures include fashion design, children's books, health clubs, and filmmaking. She contributes to various charities, having founded Ray of Light Foundation in 1998 and Raising Malawi in 2006.\nHaving sold more than 300 million records worldwide, Madonna is certified as the best-selling female recording artist of all time by Guinness World Records. According to Billboard, Madonna is the most successful solo artist in its Hot 100 chart history. She holds the record for the most number-one singles by a female artist in Australia, Canada, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. She remains the highest-grossing solo touring artist of all time, accumulating U.S. $1.4 billion from her concert tickets. Madonna was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2008, her first year of eligibility. VH1 ranked her atop the 100 Greatest Women in Music, while Rolling Stone listed her among the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time.", "Q264913": "Indra Nooyi (n\u00e9e Krishnamurthy; born October 28, 1955) is an Indian American business executive and former chief executive officer (CEO) of PepsiCo.She has consistently ranked among the world's 100 most powerful women. In 2014, she was ranked at number 13 on the Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women, and was ranked the 2nd most powerful woman on the Fortune list in 2015. In 2017, she was ranked the 2nd most powerful woman once more on the Forbes list of The 19 Most Powerful Women in Business.She serves on the boards of Amazon, the International Cricket Council, and Schlumberger.\n\n", "Q121549": "Theodor Hahn (May 19, 1824 \u2013 March 3, 1883) was a German hydrotherapist, naturopath and vegetarianism activist.", "Q64945": "Aeugst am Albis is a municipality in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q99638": "Count Henry of Stolberg-Wernigerode (25 September 1772 in Wernigerode Castle \u2013 16 February 1854 in Wernigerode Castle) succeeded his father in 1824 as ruler of the County of Wernigerode.", "Q13515": "Claude-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bastiat (; French: [klod f\u0281ede\u0281ik bastja]; 30 June 1801 \u2013 24 December 1850) was a French economist, writer and a prominent member of the French Liberal School.A Freemason and a member of the French National Assembly, Bastiat developed the economic concept of opportunity cost and introduced the parable of the broken window.As an advocate of classical economics and the economics of Adam Smith, his views favored a free market and influenced the Austrian School.", "Q36965": "Ante Paveli\u0107 (Croatian pronunciation: [\u01ce\u02d0nte p\u01ce\u028belit\u0361\u0255] (listen); 14 July 1889 \u2013 28 December 1959) was a Croatian lawyer, politician and dictator who founded and headed the fascist ultranationalist organization known as the Usta\u0161e in 1929 and governed the Independent State of Croatia (Croatian: Nezavisna Dr\u017eava Hrvatska, NDH), a fascist puppet state built out of Yugoslavia by the authorities of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, from 1941 to 1945. Paveli\u0107 and the Usta\u0161e persecuted many racial minorities and political opponents in the NDH during the war, including Serbs, Jews, Romani, and anti-fascist Croats.At the start of his career, Paveli\u0107 was a lawyer and a politician of the Croatian Party of Rights in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia known for his nationalist beliefs and support for an independent Croatia. By the end of the 1920s, his political activity became more radical as he called on Croats to revolt against Yugoslavia, and schemed an Italian protectorate of Croatia separate from Yugoslavia. After King Alexander I declared his 6 January Dictatorship in 1929 and banned all political parties, Paveli\u0107 went abroad and plotted with the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) to undermine the Yugoslav state, which prompted the Yugoslav authorities to try him in absentia and sentence him to death. In the meantime, Paveli\u0107 had moved to fascist Italy where he founded the Usta\u0161e, a Croatian nationalist movement with the goal of creating an independent Croatia by any means, including the use of terror. Paveli\u0107 incorporated terrorist actions in the Usta\u0161e program, such as train bombings and assassinations, staged a small uprising in Lika in 1932, culminating in the assassination of King Alexander in 1934 in conjunction with the IMRO. Paveli\u0107 was once again sentenced to death after being tried in France in absentia and, under international pressure, the Italians imprisoned him for 18 months, and largely obstructed the Usta\u0161e in the following period.\nAt the behest of the Germans, senior Usta\u0161a Slavko Kvaternik declared the NDH's establishment on 10 April 1941 in the name of Paveli\u0107, the Poglavnik. Paveli\u0107 returned from Italy and took control of the puppet government, creating a political system similar to that of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. The NDH, though constituting a Greater Croatia, was forced by the Italians to relinquish several territorial concessions to the latter. After taking control, Paveli\u0107 imposed largely anti-Serbian and antisemitic policies that resulted in the deaths of over 100,000 Serbs and Jews in concentration and extermination camps in the NDH, murdering and torturing several hundred thousand Serbs, along with tens of thousands of Jews and Roma. These persecutions and killings have been described as the \"single most disastrous episode in Yugoslav history\". The racial policies of the NDH greatly contributed to their rapid loss of control over the occupied territory, as they fed the ranks of both the Chetniks and Partisans and caused even the German authorities to attempt to restrain Paveli\u0107 and his genocidal campaign.In 1945, he ordered the executions of prominent NDH politicians Mladen Lorkovi\u0107 and Ante Voki\u0107 on charges of treason when they were arrested for plotting to oust him and align the NDH with the Allies. Following the surrender of Germany in May 1945, Paveli\u0107 ordered his troops to keep fighting even after the surrender. The remainder of the NDH government decided to flee to Austria on 3 May 1945, but Paveli\u0107 instead ordered them to retreat to Austria over the former border of the Third Reich and have the Croatian Armed Forces surrender to the British Army. The British refused to accept the surrender and directed them to surrender to the Partisans. The Partisans began carrying out massacres against the Usta\u0161e when the latter attacked their position, killing them in a series of repatriations later known as the Bleiburg repatriations. Paveli\u0107 himself fled to Austria, and later Argentina, whose president Juan Per\u00f3n provided sanctuary for German war criminals and several Usta\u0161e. On 10 April 1957, he was shot several times in a failed assassination attempt by the Serbian assassin Blagoje Jovovi\u0107. Paveli\u0107 survived the attempt and soon left Argentina for Spain. He died two and a half years later, on 28 December 1959, aged 70, from the injuries he sustained in the attempted assassination.", "Q480164": "Gabriel P\u00e9ri (Peri) (9 February 1902 \u2014 15 December 1941) was a prominent French Communist journalist and politician, and member of the French Resistance. He was executed in Nazi-occupied France during World War II.", "Q1677037": "Jack Fina (August 13, 1913 \u2013 May 14, 1970) was a bandleader, songwriter, and pianist.\nFina was born in Passaic, New Jersey, and educated at the New York College of Music and was a student of August Fraemcke and Elsa Nicilini. He started out playing piano in Clyde McCoy's band sometime in the 1930s, but it wasn't until he joined Freddy Martin\u2019s band in 1936 that he gained real fame, when he was featured on Martin\u2019s famous recording of \"Tonight We Love\".\nAfter leaving Martin in 1946, Fina formed his own 16-piece band. His first appearance was at the Claremont Hotel. The vocals were handled by Harry Prime and Gil Lewis. With good air time and good recordings, Fina became a national figure. Because of this, Fina appeared at some of the top venues in the country, including the Waldorf-Astoria, the Aragon Ballroom, and the famous illegal gambling casino/night club in Galveston, the Balinese Room. He also appeared in several films, including Melody Time (sequence Bumble Boogie, 1948) and Disc Jockey (1951). A noted songwriter, his credits included Dream Sonata (his theme song), Chango and Piano Portraits.\nIn the 1950s, he reduced the size of his band and settled in San Francisco. He also operated a talent agency called the Concerto Music & Entertainment Agency with his manager Al King. In the early 1960s, Fina led a small band at the Beverly Hills Hotel, where he remained for a successful eight years. It was also around the same time that he appeared, as a single, on Dick Sinclair\u2019s television show.\nFina died aged 56, from a heart attack during an engagement at the Beverly Hills Hotel, Sherman Oaks, California. He is buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery, Hollywood Hills.", "Q95002": "William Holden (born William Franklin Beedle Jr.; April 17, 1918 \u2013 November 12, 1981) was an American actor who was one of the biggest box-office draws of the 1950s. He won the Oscar for Best Actor for the film Stalag 17 (1953), and a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie for the television film The Blue Knight (1973). Holden starred in some of Hollywood's most popular and critically acclaimed films, including Sunset Boulevard, Sabrina, The Bridge on the River Kwai, The Wild Bunch, Picnic, and Network. He was named one of the \"Top 10 Stars of the Year\" six times (1954\u20131958, 1961), and appeared as 25th on the American Film Institute's list of 25 greatest male stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema.", "Q76399": "Elga Andersen (2 February 1935 \u2013 7 December 1994) was a German actress and singer. She starred in more than one dozen French films in the 1950s and 1960s and also debuted as a recording artist in the 1950s. She performed the songs \"Treu sein\" and \"S\u00fcndenlied\" in the 1961 film The Guns of Navarone, and co-starred in the 1971 Steve McQueen film Le Mans. Together with her second husband, Peter Gimbel, she embarked on a 1981 diving expedition of the sunken SS Andrea Doria.", "Q207536": "The Matrix Revolutions is a 2003 American science fiction action film written and directed by the Wachowskis. It was the third installment of The Matrix film franchise, released six months following The Matrix Reloaded. The film was released simultaneously in 60 countries on November 5, 2003. While being the final entry in the original trilogy of the series, the Matrix storyline is continued in The Matrix Online. It was the first live-action feature film to be released in both regular and IMAX theaters at the same time. Despite having a mixed reception from critics, the film grossed $427.3 million worldwide. A fourth Matrix film began production in February 2020.", "Q391540": "The Four Feathers is a 2002 war drama film directed by Shekhar Kapur and starring Heath Ledger, Wes Bentley, Djimon Hounsou and Kate Hudson. Set during the British Army's Gordon Relief Expedition (late 1884 to early 1885) in Sudan, it tells the story of a young man accused of cowardice. This film, with altered plot events, is the latest in a long line of cinematic adaptations of the 1902 novel The Four Feathers by A.E.W. Mason. Other versions of the story have been set in the 1890s, with different battle events.", "Q164015": "William Andrus Alcott (August 6, 1798 \u2013 March 29, 1859), also known as William Alexander Alcott, was an American educator, educational reformer, physician, and author of 108 books. His works, which include a wide range of topics including educational reform, physical education, school house design, family life, and diet, are still widely cited today.", "Q270966": "Reginald Wayne Miller (born August 24, 1965) is an American retired professional basketball player who played his entire 18-year National Basketball Association (NBA) career with the Indiana Pacers. Miller was known for his precision three-point shooting, especially in pressure situations and most notably against the New York Knicks, for which he earned the nickname \"Knick Killer\". When he retired, he held the record for most career 3-point field goals made. He is currently second on the list behind Ray Allen. A five-time All-Star selection, Miller led the league in free throw accuracy five times and won a gold medal in the 1996 Summer Olympics.\nMiller is widely considered the Pacers' greatest player of all time. His No. 31 was retired by the team in 2006. Currently, he works as an NBA commentator for TNT. On September 7, 2012, Miller was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.", "Q49169": "Stamford () is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. According to the US Census Bureau, the population of the city is 129,775 as of July 1, 2018. As of 2017, according to the Census Bureau, the population of Stamford had risen to 131,000, making it the third-largest city in the state (behind Bridgeport and New Haven) and the seventh-largest city in New England. Approximately 30 miles (50 kilometers) from Manhattan, Stamford is in the Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury Metro area which is a part of the Greater New York metropolitan area.\nStamford is home to nine Fortune 500 companies as of 2019, as well as numerous divisions of large corporations. This gives Stamford the largest financial district in the New York metropolitan region outside New York City itself and one of the largest concentrations of corporations in the United States.", "Q254": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 \u2013 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period.\nBorn in Salzburg, Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood. Already competent on keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty. At 17, Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court but grew restless and travelled in search of a better position. While visiting Vienna in 1781, he was dismissed from his Salzburg position. He chose to stay in the capital, where he achieved fame but little financial security. During his final years in Vienna, he composed many of his best-known symphonies, concertos, and operas, and portions of the Requiem, which was largely unfinished at the time of his early death at the age of 35. The circumstances of his death have been much mythologized.\nHe composed more than 600 works, many of which are acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, concertante, chamber, operatic, and choral music. He is considered among the greatest classical composers of all time, and his influence is profound on subsequent Western art music. Ludwig van Beethoven composed his early works in the shadow of Mozart, and Joseph Haydn wrote: \"posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years\".\n\n", "Q622569": "Lauterbach is a town in the Vogelsbergkreis district of the federal state of Hesse in central Germany. In 1983, the town hosted the 23rd Hessentag state festival.", "Q335590": "Mirko Gashi (Serbian: \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043a\u043e \u0413\u0430\u0448\u0438/Mirko Ga\u0161i, 2 January 1939 \u2013 July 1995) was a Yugoslav Albanian writer. Born in Kraljevo, he studied journalism in Belgrade and worked as a journalist in Flaka e v\u00ebllaz\u00ebrimit in Skopje and in Radio Pri\u0161tina. He wrote poetry during the 1980s, producing collections Gjarp\u00ebri i sht\u00ebpise (The House Snake) (1980); Arbor vitae (The Tree of Life) (1988); and Plag\u00eb uji, (Water Wound) (1990). Gashi translated literature from Kosovo Albanian authors into Serbo-Croatian. In late years, he suffered from depression and alcoholism, which ended in his death in July 1995.", "Q67294": "Meikirch is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q77087": "Klaus Heinrich Thomas Mann (18 November 1906 \u2013 21 May 1949) was a German-born American writer and dissident. He was the brother of Erika Mann, with whom he maintained a lifelong close relationship. He is well known for his 1936 novel, Mephisto.", "Q1684801": "Jean-Dominique Senard (born 7 March 1953) is a French industrialist in the automobile industry. On 11 May 2012, he succeeded Michel Rollier as chief executive officer of the Michelin tire company after joining the company as chief financial officer in 2005. Senard is the first Michelin CEO not related to the Michelin family. On 24 January 2019, Renault's Board of Directors elected Senard as the Chairman of the company.", "Q57431": "Tomislav Nikoli\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u045b, Serbian pronunciation: [t\u01d2misla\u028b n\u01d0kolit\u0361\u0255]; born 15 February 1952) is a Serbian politician who served as the President of Serbia from 2012 to 2017. He is also the founder of the Serbian Progressive Party, and he led the party until his election as President. In the 2012 presidential election, he was elected to a five-year term as President in a second round of voting.\nBorn in village Baj\u010detina in Kragujevac, Nikoli\u0107 was a long-time member and MP of the Serbian Radical Party (SRS). He served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia from 1998 to 1999 and Deputy Prime Minister of FR Yugoslavia in the coalition government from 1999 to 2000. Nikoli\u0107 was the Radical Party's deputy leader from 2003, and he briefly served as the President of the National Assembly of Serbia in 2007. In 2008 he resigned following a disagreement with party leader Vojislav \u0160e\u0161elj regarding Serbia's relations with the European Union, as Nikoli\u0107 became in favor of Serbia's accession to the EU, a move that was staunchly opposed by \u0160e\u0161elj and his faction. Nikoli\u0107 formed the Serbian Progressive Party, which several SRS members joined.\nNikoli\u0107 ran for President of Yugoslavia in the 2000 elections and placed third. He also ran four times for President of Serbia (in 2003, 2004, 2008, and 2012 elections). In 2003 he garnered the most votes, but the election was cancelled due to low turnout, while in 2004 and 2008 he was placed second behind Boris Tadi\u0107. In 2012, he won the runoff against Tadi\u0107 to become President of Serbia.", "Q124357": "Ralph William John Brown (born 18 June 1957) is an English actor and writer, known for playing Danny the drug dealer in Withnail and I, the security guard Aaron (a.k.a. \"85\") in Alien 3, DJ Bob Silver in The Boat That Rocked aka Pirate Radio, super-roadie Del Preston in Wayne's World 2, the pilot Ric Oli\u00e9 in Star Wars: Episode I \u2013 The Phantom Menace and Henry Clinton in Turn: Washington's Spies. He won The Samuel Beckett Award for his first play Sanctuary written for Joint Stock Theatre Company in 1987, and the Raindance and Sapporo Film Festival awards for his first screenplay for the British film New Year's Day in 2001.", "Q1341766": "Seth Edward Putnam (May 15, 1968 \u2013 June 11, 2011) was an American musician who was the founder, vocalist and occasional guitarist of grindcore band Anal Cunt. He was known for his high-pitched screamed vocals and lyrics that either shock, offend, or invoke morbid humor. Throughout his career, Putnam was also involved in numerous side projects.\n\n", "Q1118867": "Koray Candemir (born 7 August 1975) is a Turkish musician, songwriter, and record producer. He used to be the lead singer of the Turkish rock band Kargo. Towards the end of 2008, Koray Candemir and Serkan Celikoz, has decided to end their involvement with Kargo, due to vision and opinion differences with the other members of Kargo. They have formed their new band which is named 'maSKott'. They are currently in Seattle working on their new projects and have plans to release a single and an album soon. Besides singing, Koray also plays the guitar in Kargo and maSKott. In addition to his musical work, he is known for his acting and charity work.\n\n", "Q981195": "The Royal Central School of Speech and Drama was founded by Elsie Fogerty in 1906 to offer a new form of training in speech and drama for young actors and other students. It became a constituent of the University of London in 2005. It is a member of the Federation of Drama Schools.", "Q885481": "William Henry Wills (October 26, 1882 \u2013 March 6, 1946) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Vermont. He was the 60th Lieutenant Governor of Vermont from 1937-41 and the 65th Governor of Vermont from 1941-45. In 1944, Wills was a delegate to the Republican National Convention.\n\n", "Q258754": "Bulletproof Monk is a 2003 American superhero comedy film directed by Paul Hunter in his directorial debut, and starring Chow Yun-fat, Seann William Scott, and Jaime King. The film is loosely based on the comic book written by Brett Lewis with art by Michael Avon Oeming. The film was shot in Toronto and Hamilton, Canada, and other locations that resemble New York City.", "Q172111": "Carlos Alberto Mendit\u00e9guy (10 August 1914 \u2013 27 April 1973) was a racing driver and polo player from Buenos Aires, Argentina. He entered 11 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, achieving one podium, and scoring a total of nine championship points.\nIn polo he reached the highest possible handicap of 10. He was an all round sportsman and became a scratch golfplayer in under two years as the result of a bet with some friends.Menditeguy was buried in La Recoleta Cemetery in Buenos Aires.", "Q443891": "Daniel Byrd (born November 20, 1985) is an American actor. His most prominent roles include the 2004 film A Cinderella Story, the 2006 remake of The Hills Have Eyes, the 2010 films Easy A and Norman, and the sitcoms Aliens in America and Cougar Town.", "Q85577": "Thomas Ulmer (born 25 July 1956) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2014. In this capacity, he was the Parliament's rapporteur on the EU's 2020 target to reduce CO2 emissions from new passenger cars.", "Q3126128": "A geneticist is a biologist who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms.", "Q3178732": "James Laurence Balsillie (born February 3, 1961) is a Canadian businessman, philanthropist and former co-CEO of the Canadian company Research In Motion (RIM, 'BlackBerry').\n\n", "Q355502": "Lee Francis Allen (July 2, 1927 \u2013 October 18, 1994) was an American tenor saxophone player. Phil Alvin, Allen's bandmate in The Blasters, called him one of the most important instrumentalists in rock'n'roll. Allen's distinctive tone has been hailed as \"one of the defining sounds of rock'n'roll\" and \"one of the DNA strands of rock.\"Allen was a key figure in New Orleans rock and roll of the 1950s and recorded with many leading performers of the early rock and roll era. He was semiretired from music by the late 1960s, but in the late 1970s returned to performing intermittently until the end of his life.", "Q61183": "Waldemar Hoven (10 February 1903 \u2013 2 June 1948) was a Nazi and a physician at Buchenwald concentration camp.Hoven was born in Freiburg, Baden, Germany. Between the years 1919 and 1933, he visited Denmark, Sweden, the United States, and France, returning in 1933 to Freiburg, where he completed his high school studies. He then attended the Universities of Freiburg and Munich. In 1934, he joined the SS. In 1939, he concluded his medical studies and became a physician for the SS. Hoven rose to the rank of Hauptsturmf\u00fchrer (Captain) in the Waffen SS.Hoven was involved in the administration of medical experiments regarding typhus and the tolerance of serum containing phenol, and which led to the deaths of many inmates. He was also involved in Nazi euthanasia programs, during which people with disabilities were killed, along with Jewish people who were considered unfit for work.He was arrested by the Nazis in 1943, accused of giving a lethal injection of phenol to an SS officer who was a potential witness in an investigation against Ilse Koch, with whom Hoven was rumoured to be having an affair. He was convicted and sentenced to death, although he was released in March 1945 due to the Nazi shortage of doctors.", "Q4796371": "Arsen Minasian (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200e ; Armenian: \u0531\u0580\u057d\u0567\u0576 \u0544\u056b\u0576\u0561\u057d\u0575\u0561\u0576; 1906\u20131977) was an Armenian-Iranian philanthropist, pharmacologist, scientist, and inventor who was born in Rasht, Iran. He was the founder of Gilan's sanatorium in 1954 which is the first modern sanatorium in Iran.", "Q106690": "Anita Bose Pfaff (born 29 November 1942) is a German economist, who has previously been a professor at the University of Augsburg as well as a politician in the Social Democratic Party of Germany. She is the only daughter of Indian nationalist leader Subhas Chandra Bose and his wife, or companion, Emilie Schenkl.", "Q1353362": "Ars\u00e8ne Jules \u00c9tienne Juvenel Dupuit (18 May 1804 \u2013 5 September 1866) was an Italian-born French civil engineer and economist.\nHe was born in Fossano, Italy then under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte. At the age of ten he emigrated to France with his family where he studied in Versailles \u2014 winning a Physics prize at graduation. He then studied in the \u00c9cole Polytechnique as a civil engineer. He gradually took on more responsibility in various regional posts. He received a L\u00e9gion d'honneur in 1843 for his work on the French road system, and shortly after moved to Paris. He also studied flood management in 1848 and supervised the construction of the Paris sewer system. He died in Paris.\nEngineering questions led to his interest in economics, a subject in which he was self-taught. His 1844 article was concerned with deciding the optimum toll for a bridge. It was here that he introduced his curve of diminishing marginal utility. As the quantity of a good consumed rises, the marginal utility of the good declines for the user. So the lower the toll (lower marginal utility), the more people who would use the bridge (higher consumption). Conversely as the quantity rises (people allowed on the bridge), the willingness of a person to pay for that good (the price) declines.\nThus, the concept of diminishing marginal utility should translate itself into a downward-sloping demand function. In this way he identified the demand curve as the marginal utility curve. This was the first time an economist had put forward a theory of demand derived from marginal utility. Although not the first time that the demand curve had been drawn, it was the first time that it had been proved rather than asserted. Dupuit, however, did not include a supply curve in his theory.\nDupuit went on to define \"relative utility\" as the area under the demand/marginal utility curve above the price and used it as a measure of the welfare effects of different prices \u2013 concluding that public welfare is maximized when the price (or bridge toll) is zero. This was later known as Marshall's \"consumer surplus\".\nDupuit's reputation as an economist does not rest on his advocacy of laissez-faire economics (he wrote \"Commercial Freedom\" in 1861) but on frequent contributions to periodicals. Wanting to evaluate the net economic benefit of public services, Dupuit analysed capacities for economic development, and attempted to construct a framework for utility theory and measuring the prosperity derived with public works. He also wrote on monopoly and price discrimination.\nDupuit also considered the groundwater flow equation, which governs the flow of groundwater. He assumed that the equation could be simplified for analytical solutions by assuming that groundwater is hydrostatic and flows horizontally. This assumption is regularly used today, and is known by hydrogeologists as the Dupuit assumption.", "Q329807": "Craig Theodore Nelson (born April 4, 1944) is an American actor and former stand-up comedian. He is known for his roles as Hayden Fox in the sitcom Coach (for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series), Deputy Ward Wilson in the 1980 film Stir Crazy, Steve Freeling in the 1982 film Poltergeist, Peter Dellaplane in Action Jackson, the warden in My Name is Earl, and Mr. Incredible in the 2004 film The Incredibles and its 2018 sequel. He also starred as Zeek Braverman in the television series Parenthood.\n\n", "Q168149": "Henry Blackstone Banning (November 10, 1836 \u2013 December 10, 1881) was a lawyer and three-term U.S. Representative from Ohio, as well as an infantry officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War.", "Q484464": "Koreans (Korean: \ud55c\ubbfc\uc871, \ud55c\uad6d\uc778, \ud55c\uad6d\uc0ac\ub78c; Hanja: \u97d3\u6c11\u65cf, \u97d3\u570b\u4eba, \u97d3\u570b\uc0ac\ub78c; RR: Hanminjok, Hanguk-in, Hanguksaram in South Korean; alternatively Korean: \uc870\uc120\ubbfc\uc871, \uc870\uc120\uc778, \uc870\uc120\uc0ac\ub78c; Hanja: \u671d\u9bae\u6c11\u65cf, \u671d\u9bae\u4eba, \u671d\u9bae\uc0ac\ub78c; RR: Joseonminjok, Joseonin, Joseonsaram in North Korean, lit.\u2009'\"Korean ethnicity\"'; see names of Korea) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Korea and southwestern Manchuria.Koreans mainly live in the two Korean states: North Korea and South Korea (collectively and simply referred to as Korea). They are also an officially recognized ethnic minority in China, Japan, the Philippines, and Vietnam, plus in a number of Post-Soviet states, such as Russia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Over the course of the 20th century, significant Korean communities have formed in the Americas (especially in the United States and Canada) and Oceania.\nAs of 2020, there were an estimated 8.3 million ethnic Koreans residing outside Korea.", "Q139460": "Ghost World is a 2001 black comedy film directed by Terry Zwigoff and starring Thora Birch, Scarlett Johansson, and Steve Buscemi. Based on the comic book of the same name by Daniel Clowes, with a screenplay co-written by Clowes and Zwigoff, the story focuses on the lives of Enid (Birch) and Rebecca (Johansson), two teenage outsiders in an unnamed American city. They face a rift in their relationship as Enid takes interest in an older man named Seymour (Buscemi), and becomes determined to help his romantic life.\nThe film debuted at the Seattle International Film Festival in 2001. It had little box office impact, but was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and has become a cult film.", "Q1022": "Stuttgart ( SHTUUT-gart, also US: STU(U)T-, STOOT-, SHTOOT-; German: [\u02c8\u0283t\u028at\u0261a\u0281t] (listen); Swabian: Schduagert [\u02c8\u0292\u030ad\u0325ua\u032f\u0261\u030a\u025b\u0295d\u0325]; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. Stuttgart is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley known locally as the \"Stuttgart Cauldron\". It lies an hour from the Swabian Jura and the Black Forest. Its urban area has a population of 634,830, making it the sixth largest city in Germany. 2.8 million people live in the city's administrative region and 5.3 million people in its metropolitan area, making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Germany. The city and metropolitan area are consistently ranked among the top 20 European metropolitan areas by GDP; Mercer listed Stuttgart as 21st on its 2015 list of cities by quality of living, innovation agency 2thinknow ranked the city 24th globally out of 442 cities and the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked the city as a Beta-status world city in their 2014 survey., Stuttgart was one of the host cities of the official tournaments for the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cup.\nSince the 7th millennium BC, the Stuttgart area has been an important agricultural area and has been host to a number of cultures seeking to utilize the rich soil of the Neckar valley. The Roman Empire conquered the area in 83 AD and built a massive castrum near Bad Cannstatt, making it the most important regional centre for several centuries. Stuttgart's roots were truly laid in the 10th century with its founding by Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, as a stud farm for his warhorses. Initially overshadowed by nearby Cannstatt, the town grew steadily and was granted a charter in 1320. The fortunes of Stuttgart turned with those of the House of W\u00fcrttemberg, and they made it the capital of their county, duchy, and kingdom from the 15th century to 1918. Stuttgart prospered despite setbacks in the Thirty Years' War and devastating air raids by the Allies on the city and its automobile production during World War II. However, by 1952, the city had bounced back and it became the major economic, industrial, tourism and publishing centre it is today.Stuttgart is also a transport junction, and possesses the sixth-largest airport in Germany. Several major companies are headquartered in Stuttgart, including Porsche, Bosch, Mercedes-Benz, Daimler AG, and Dinkelacker.Stuttgart is unusual in the scheme of German cities. It is spread across a variety of hills (some of them covered in vineyards), valleys (especially around the Neckar river and the Stuttgart basin) and parks. This often surprises visitors who associate the city with its reputation as the \"cradle of the automobile\". The city's tourism slogan is \"Stuttgart offers more\". Under current plans to improve transport links to the international infrastructure (as part of the Stuttgart 21 project), the city unveiled a new logo and slogan in March 2008 describing itself as \"Das neue Herz Europas\" (\"The new Heart of Europe\"). For business, it describes itself as \"Where business meets the future\". In July 2010, Stuttgart unveiled a new city logo, designed to entice more business people to stay in the city and enjoy breaks in the area.Stuttgart is a city with a high number of immigrants. According to Dorling Kindersley's Eyewitness Travel Guide to Germany, \"In the city of Stuttgart, every third inhabitant is a foreigner.\" 40% of Stuttgart's residents, and 64% of the population below the age of five, are of immigrant background.", "Q87360": "Christian Peter Wilhelm Friedrich Beuth (28 December 1781 \u2013 27 September 1853) was a Prussian statesman, involved in the Prussian reforms and the main mover in Prussia's industrial renewal.", "Q205447": "Ocean's Eleven is a 2001 American heist film directed by Steven Soderbergh and written by Ted Griffin. The first installment of the Ocean's franchise, it is a remake of the 1960 Rat Pack film of the same name. Ocean's Eleven features an ensemble cast, including George Clooney, Brad Pitt, Matt Damon, Don Cheadle, Andy Garc\u00eda, Bernie Mac and Julia Roberts. Ocean's Eleven follows friends Danny Ocean (Clooney) and Rusty Ryan (Pitt), who plan a heist of $150 million from casino owner Terry Benedict (Garc\u00eda), the lover of Ocean's wife Tess (Roberts).\nUpon release, the film was a success at the box office and with critics; it was the fifth highest-grossing film of 2001, with a worldwide gross of $450 million. Soderbergh directed two sequels, Ocean's Twelve in 2004 and Ocean's Thirteen in 2007, which make up the Ocean's Trilogy. Ocean's 8, a spin-off with an all-female lead cast, was released in 2018.", "Q73587": "Ilona Marita Lorenz (18 August 1939 \u2013 31 August 2019) was a German-born American woman who had an affair with Fidel Castro in 1959 and in January 1960 was involved in an assassination attempt by the CIA on Castro's life.\nIn the 1970s and 1980s, she testified about the John F. Kennedy assassination, stating that she was involved with a group of anti-Cuban militants, including Frank Sturgis, and E. Howard Hunt of CIA and Watergate infamy shortly before the assassination.", "Q97173": "Ursula Buchfellner (born 8 June 1961) is a German model and actress. She was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for its October 1979 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by Peter Weissbrich.\nBuchfellner also was the Playmate for the December 1977 issue of Playboy's German edition, being only 16 at the time when the photos were taken (she was 17 in relation to the edition in which her photos were published). In November 1985 she became the first Playmate to go on to appear in Penthouse magazine.International acting and modeling careers followed Buchfellner's Playboy appearance. She was sometimes credited as Uschi Buchfellner, Ursula Fellner, Ulla Maris and Ursula Maris.\nShe starred mainly in European B-movies such as Devil Hunter (1980) and Sadomania (1981). Later on she also featured in renowned German television serials, like Derrick.", "Q43444": "Gustave Flaubert (UK: FLOH-bair, US: floh-BAIR, French: [\u0261ystav flob\u025b\u0281]; 12 December 1821 \u2013 8 May 1880) was a French novelist. Highly influential, he has been considered the leading exponent of literary realism in his country. He is known especially for his debut novel Madame Bovary (1857), his Correspondence, and his scrupulous devotion to his style and aesthetics. The celebrated short story writer Guy de Maupassant was a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Flaubert.", "Q119968": "Robert Garrison (18 July 1872 \u2013 died 5 January 1930) was a German-Jewish film actor.\nRobert Garrison was born in Strasburg in Westpreu\u00dfen and died in Berlin.", "Q54138": "Beverly is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, and a suburb of Boston. The population was 39,502 at the 2010 census. A resort, residential, and manufacturing community on the Massachusetts North Shore, Beverly includes Ryal Side, Beverly Farms and Prides Crossing. Beverly is a rival of Marblehead for the title of being the birthplace of the U.S. Navy.", "Q1737407": "Kay Waldo Barnes (born March 30, 1938) is a former two-term Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri. \nShe was the Democratic nominee for Missouri's 6th congressional district (map) of the United States House of Representatives in the 2008 election against Republican incumbent Sam Graves.", "Q72841": "Helmut Lemke (29 September 1907 \u2013 15 April 1990) was a German politician (NSDAP and CDU) and Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein (1963-1971). He was born in Kiel and died in L\u00fcbeck.", "Q1174771": "Charles David Houston (December 9, 1935 \u2013 November 30, 1993) was an American country music singer. His peak in popularity came between the mid-1960s through the early 1970s.", "Q502615": "M\u00fchldorf am Inn is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the district M\u00fchldorf on the river Inn. It is located at 48\u00b014\u203230\u2033N 12\u00b031\u203230\u2033E, and had a population of about 17,808 in 2005.", "Q151904": "Casino Royale is a 2006 spy film, the twenty-first in the Eon Productions James Bond series, and the third screen adaptation of Ian Fleming's 1953 novel of the same name. Directed by Martin Campbell and written by Neal Purvis and Robert Wade, and Paul Haggis, it is the first film to star Daniel Craig as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond, and was produced by Eon Productions for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Columbia Pictures, making it the first Eon-produced Bond film to be co-produced by the latter studio. Following Die Another Day, Eon Productions decided to reboot the series, allowing them to show a less experienced and more vulnerable Bond.Casino Royale takes place at the beginning of Bond's career as Agent 007, as he is earning his licence to kill. The plot has Bond on an assignment to bankrupt terrorist financier Le Chiffre in a high-stakes poker game at the Casino Royale in Montenegro; Bond falls in love with femme fatale Vesper Lynd, a treasury employee assigned to provide the money he needs for the game. The film begins a story arc that continues in the 2008 film, Quantum of Solace.\nCasting involved a widespread search for a new actor to succeed Pierce Brosnan as James Bond; the choice of Craig, announced in October 2005, drew controversy. Location filming took place in the Czech Republic, the Bahamas, Italy, and the United Kingdom with interior sets built at Barrandov Studios and Pinewood Studios.\nCasino Royale premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square on 14 November 2006. It received an overwhelmingly positive critical response, with reviewers highlighting Craig's reinvention of the character and the film's departure from the tropes of previous Bond films. It earned $606 million worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing James Bond film until the release of Skyfall in 2012.", "Q1030655": "The Nordfriedhof (\"Northern Cemetery\"), with 34,000 burial plots, is one of the largest cemeteries in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It is situated in the suburb of Schwabing-Freimann. It was established by the former community of Schwabing in 1884. It is not to be confused with the Alter Nordfriedhof in Munich, which was set up only a short time previously within the then territory of the city of Munich.\nA station on the Munich U-Bahn is also called Nordfriedhof after the cemetery, and the surrounding area is also known locally as \"Nordfriedhof\" from the station.\nThe imposing cemetery buildings include a chapel, a mortuary and a burial wall, which was designed between 1896 and 1899 by the municipal architect Hans Gr\u00e4ssel. In 1962 a columbarium was added to the north by the architect Eugen Jacoby.\nThe chapel is described, slightly altered, in Thomas Mann's novella Death in Venice, when the sight of it precipitates a foreboding of death in the protagonist.", "Q89359": "Christian Ide Hintze (December 26, 1953, Vienna - February 2012) ) was an Austrian poet and performance artist, who focused on the transition from literary to cross-media forms.", "Q1036": "Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Uganda; Luganda: Eggwanga Yuganda) is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya and Tanzania. Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region. Uganda also lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate.\nUganda takes its name from the Buganda kingdom, which encompasses a large portion of the south of the country, including the capital Kampala. The people of Uganda were hunter-gatherers until 1,700 to 2,300 years ago, when Bantu-speaking populations migrated to the southern parts of the country.\nBeginning in 1894, the area was ruled as a protectorate by the UK, who established administrative law across the territory. Uganda gained independence from the UK on 9 October 1962. The period since then has been marked by violent conflicts, including an eight-year-long far right military dictatorship led by Idi Amin. Additionally, a lengthy civil war against the Lord's Resistance Army in the Northern Region led by Joseph Kony, has caused hundreds of thousands of casualties.The official languages are English and Swahili, although \"any other language may be used as a medium of instruction in schools or other educational institutions or for legislative, administrative or judicial purposes as may be prescribed by law.\" Luganda, a central language, is widely spoken across the country, and several other languages are also spoken, including Acholi, Runyoro, Runyankole, Rukiga, Luo and Lusoga.\nThe current president of Uganda is Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, who came to power in January 1986 after a protracted six-year guerrilla war. Following constitutional amendments that removed term limits for the president, he was able to stand and was elected president of Uganda in the 2011 and in the 2016 general elections.", "Q992843": "Thomas Moser (born 27 May 1945) is an American-Austrian operatic tenor.", "Q321297": "Ray William Clough, (July 23, 1920 \u2013 October 8, 2016), was Byron L. and Elvira E. Nishkian Professor of structural engineering in the department of civil engineering at the University of California, Berkeley and one of the founders of the finite element method (FEM). His article in 1956 was one of the first applications of this computational method. He coined the term \u201cfinite elements\u201d in an article in 1960. He was born in Seattle.In the Fall, 2008 Clough was recognized as a \u201cLegend of Earthquake Engineering\u201d at the World Conference of Earthquake Engineering in China. Clough is known for his work in the field of earthquake engineering, and credited with the development and application of a mathematical method, finite element analysis, that has revolutionized numerical modeling of the physical world. Dr. Clough extended the method to enable dynamic analysis of complex structures and co-authored the definitive text on structural dynamics. Three decades later, this text is still in wide use. He also transformed the field through the development of fundamental theories, computational techniques, and experimental methods. During his almost 40 years at Berkeley he taught, advised, and mentored numerous students.\nClough is professor emeritus of civil and environmental engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. He is credited with developing the Earthquake Engineering Research Center at Berkeley, a hub for analytical engineering research, information resources, and public service programs. Dr. Clough's many honors include the Prince Philip Medal from the Royal Academy of Engineering in London. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Royal Norwegian Scientists Society, and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was awarded A. Cemal Eringen Medal in 1992. In 1994, President Clinton presented Clough with a National Medal of Science and in 2006 he received the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Civil Engineering from The Franklin Institute. He died on October 8, 2016, aged 96.", "Q451259": "Yuri Petrovich Artyukhin (Russian: \u042e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u044e\u0301\u0445\u0438\u043d; 22 June 1930 \u2013 4 August 1998) was a Soviet Russian cosmonaut and engineer who made a single flight into space.Artyukhin graduated from the Soviet Air Force Institute with a doctorate in engineering, specializing in military communication systems. He was selected for the space programme in 1963 and would have flown on the Voskhod 3 mission had it not been canceled. He made his single flight on Soyuz 14 in 1974, where his area of expertise was presumably put to good use.\nHe left the space programme in 1982 and held various positions in space-related fields. Most notably, he was involved in the development of the Soviet space shuttle Buran and in cosmonaut training.\nHe died of cancer on 4 August 1998.He was awarded:\n\nHero of the Soviet Union\nPilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR\nOrder of Lenin\nOrder of the Red Star\nMedal \"For Distinction in Guarding the State Border of the USSR\"\nJan Krasicki Cross (Poland)", "Q117789": "Werner Kaegi (1901\u20131979) was a Swiss historian. He is best known for a single work, a biography of Jacob Burkhardt. This appeared in seven volumes, from 1947 to 1982.\nHe was recipient of the Gottfried-Keller-Preis and the Erasmus Prize.\nHe had for wife the catholic mystic and stigmatist Adrienne von Speyr (1902\u20131967). Her spiritual director and friend, the theologian Hans Urs von Balthasar, kept a journal during many years about her life in which details regarding her relationship with Werner Kaegi can be found. This journal was later edited in 3 volumes under the name \"Erde und himmel\" (\"Earth and heaven\").\nKaegi became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1948.", "Q1345514": "Michael Daniel Penn (born August 1, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, and composer. He is noted for the 1989 single \"No Myth\", a top 20 hit in the US and successful in several other countries.", "Q1623314": "Hofstra University is a private university in Hempstead, New York. Long Island's largest private university, Hofstra originated in 1935 as an extension of New York University (NYU) under the name Nassau College \u2013 Hofstra Memorial of New York University at Hempstead, Long Island. It became independent Hofstra College in 1939 and gained university status in 1963. Comprising ten schools, including the Northwell School of Medicine and Deane School of Law, Hofstra is noted for a series of prominent Presidential conferences and hosting several United States presidential debates.", "Q1867601": "Dominique Zardi (born Emile Jean Cohen-Zardi) (2 March 1930, Paris \u2013 13 December 2009) was a French actor. He acted in more than 200 feature films, including Fant\u00f4mas with Louis De Fun\u00e8s and Jean Marais. He died of cancer at the age of 79. He was the uncle of the actress and film director Agn\u00e8s Jaoui.", "Q98254": "Kersten Artus (n\u00e9e Westphal, born April 1, 1964) is a German journalist and politician. She is a member of The Left and a member of the Hamburg Parliament.\n\n", "Q8774": "International Consolidated Airlines Group, S.A., often shortened to IAG, is an Anglo-Spanish multinational airline holding company with its registered office in Madrid, Spain and its operational headquarters in London, UK. It was formed in January 2011 after a merger agreement between British Airways and Iberia, the flag carriers of the UK and Spain, respectively. As British Airways was the larger company, those holding shares in British Airways at the time of the merger were given 55% of the shares in the new, merged company. British Airways and Iberia ceased to be independent companies and instead became 100% owned subsidiaries of IAG. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and the Madrid Stock Exchange. It is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index and IBEX 35 Index.", "Q3161277": "James McShane (November 7, 1833 \u2013 December 14, 1918) was a Canadian businessman and politician. He was mayor of Montreal, a member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, and a member of the House of Commons of Canada.", "Q11470": "Susan Elizabeth Black (born 1962) is a British computer scientist, academic and social entrepreneur. She has been instrumental in saving Bletchley Park, the site of World War II codebreaking, with her Saving Bletchley Park campaign. Since 2018, she has been Professor of Computer Science and Technology Evangelist at Durham University. She was previously based at the University of Westminster and University College London.\n\n", "Q305321": "Polly Shannon (born September 1, 1973) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Margaret Trudeau in the 2002 miniseries Trudeau, a film about the late Prime Minister of Canada Pierre Trudeau.", "Q20875": "Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 \u2013 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910.\nThe eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Edward was related to royalty throughout Europe. He was Prince of Wales and heir apparent to the British throne for almost 60 years. During the long reign of his mother, he was largely excluded from political power, and came to personify the fashionable, leisured elite. He travelled throughout Britain performing ceremonial public duties, and represented Britain on visits abroad. His tours of North America in 1860 and the Indian subcontinent in 1875 were popular successes, but despite public approval, his reputation as a playboy prince soured his relationship with his mother.\nAs king, Edward played a role in the modernisation of the British Home Fleet and the reorganisation of the British Army after the Second Boer War. He reinstituted traditional ceremonies as public displays and broadened the range of people with whom royalty socialised. He fostered good relations between Britain and other European countries, especially France, for which he was popularly called \"Peacemaker\", but his relationship with his nephew, the German Emperor Wilhelm II, was poor. The Edwardian era, which covered Edward's reign and was named after him, coincided with the start of a new century and heralded significant changes in technology and society, including steam turbine propulsion and the rise of socialism. He died in 1910 in the midst of a constitutional crisis that was resolved the following year by the Parliament Act 1911, which restricted the power of the unelected House of Lords.", "Q546057": "Ali-Naqi Vaziri, also transcribed as Ali Naghi Vaziri (Persian: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u06cc \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u06cc)\n(October 1, 1886 in Tehran, Persia \u2013 September 9, 1979) was a composer, thinker and a celebrated player of the tar. He is considered as a revolutionary icon in the history of 20th century Persian music.\nAli-Naqi Vasiri (also known as Colonel Vaziri) is one of the seven children of Musa Khan Vaziri (a prominent official in the Persian Cossack Brigade) and Bibi Khatoon Astarabadi, a notable Iranian writer, satirist and one of the pioneering figures in the women's movement of Iran; her book Ma'ayeb al-Rejal (Failings of Men, also translated as Vices of Men) is considered by some as the first declaration of women's rights in the modern history of Iran. The celebrated artistic painter Hassan Ali Khan Vaziri is Ali-Naqi's brother.\nAli-Naqi Vaziri was a master of Persian classical music so that he was able to play the tar in a style very reminiscent of that of Mirza Abdollah. He always looked for new dimensions and perspectives in musical expression, and by doing so he revolutionized the style of playing the tar. He was the first to transcribe the classical radif of the Persian music.\nVaziri for years was the director of Tehran Conservatory of Music and a professor at the University of Tehran.", "Q1022251": "Yushu (simplified Chinese: \u6986\u6811; traditional Chinese: \u6986\u6a39; pinyin: Y\u00fash\u00f9) is a county-level city of Jilin Province, Northeast China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Changchun. It is more than 140 kilometres (87 mi) to the northeast of central Changchun, and around 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Harbin. The name of the place means \"Elm Tree\". The northernmost county-level division of Changchun, it borders Dehui to the southwest as well as the prefecture-level division of Harbin (Heilongjiang) to the northeast.", "Q165479": "Saint Patrick (Latin: Patricius; Irish: P\u00e1draig [\u02c8p\u02e0a\u02d0d\u032a\u02e0\u027e\u02e0\u0259\u025f]; Welsh: Padrig) was a fifth-century Romano-British Christian missionary and bishop in Ireland. Known as the \"Apostle of Ireland\", he is the primary patron saint of Ireland, the other patron saints being Brigit of Kildare and Columba. Patrick was never formally canonised. Nevertheless, he is venerated in the Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, the Lutheran Churches, the Old Catholic Church, and in the Eastern Orthodox Church as equal-to-the-apostles and Enlightener of Ireland.The dates of Patrick's life cannot be fixed with certainty, but there is broad agreement that he was active as a missionary in Ireland during the fifth century. Nevertheless, as the most recent biography on Patrick shows, a late fourth-century date for the saint is not impossible. Early medieval tradition credits him with being the first bishop of Armagh and Primate of Ireland, and regards him as the founder of Christianity in Ireland, converting a society practising a form of Celtic polytheism. He has been generally so regarded ever since, despite evidence of some earlier Christian presence in Ireland.\nAccording to the autobiographical Confessio of Patrick, when he was about sixteen, he was captured by Irish pirates from his home in Britain and taken as a slave to Ireland, looking after animals; he lived there for six years before escaping and returning to his family. After becoming a cleric, he returned to northern and western Ireland. In later life, he served as a bishop, but little is known about the places where he worked. By the seventh century, he had already come to be revered as the patron saint of Ireland.\nSaint Patrick's Day is observed on 17 March, the supposed date of his death. It is celebrated inside and outside Ireland as a religious and cultural holiday. In the dioceses of Ireland, it is both a solemnity and a holy day of obligation; it is also a celebration of Ireland itself.\n\n", "Q114280": "Antipater of Sidon (Greek: \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03a3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, Antipatros ho Sidonios) was an ancient Greek poet in the second half of the 2nd century BC. His poems preserved in the Greek Anthology include evocations of art and literature and some epitaphs. But there appears to be confusion in the Anthology between Antipater of Sidon and Antipater of Thessalonica, who lived in the following century.\nCicero describes Antipater as living at Rome in the time of Crassus and Catullus.Antipater composed an epitaph for Sappho, in which he stated that she died of natural causes and was buried in her homeland. Cicero (Oratore, III, 50 and de Fato, 2) described him as a brilliant epigrammist but sometimes too fond of imitation.\nHe, along with Philo of Byzantium, Strabo, Herodotus and Diodoros of Sicily, is associated with the list of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, which he described in a poem composed about 140 BC:\n\nI have set eyes on the wall of lofty Babylon on which is a road for chariots, and the statue of Zeus by the Alpheus, and the hanging gardens, and the Colossus of the Sun, and the huge labour of the high pyramids, and the vast tomb of Mausolus; but when I saw the house of Artemis that mounted to the clouds, those other marvels lost their brilliancy, and I said, 'Lo, apart from Olympus, the Sun never looked on aught so grand.'", "Q315132": "Ion Luca Caragiale (Romanian pronunciation: [i\u02c8on \u02c8luka kara\u02c8d\u0361\u0292jale]; commonly referred to as I. L. Caragiale; 13 February [O.S. 1 February] 1852 \u2013 9 June 1912) was a Wallachian, later Romanian playwright, short story writer, poet, theater manager, political commentator and journalist. Leaving behind an important cultural legacy, he is considered one of the greatest playwrights in Romanian language and literature, as well as one of its most important writers and a leading representative of local humour. Alongside Mihai Eminescu, Ioan Slavici and Ion Creang\u0103, he is seen as one of the main representatives of Junimea, an influential literary society with which he nonetheless parted during the second half of his life. His work, spanning four decades, covers the ground between Neoclassicism, Realism, and Naturalism, building on an original synthesis of foreign and local influences.\nAlthough few in number, Caragiale's plays constitute the most accomplished expression of Romanian theater, as well as being important venues for criticism of late-19th-century Romanian society. They include the comedies O noapte furtunoas\u0103, Conu Leonida fa\u0163\u0103 cu reac\u0163iunea, O scrisoare pierdut\u0103, and the tragedy N\u0103pasta. In addition to these, Caragiale authored the melodrama O soacr\u0103, a large number of essays, articles, short stories, novellas and sketch stories, as well as occasional works of poetry and autobiographical texts such as Din carnetul unui vechi sufleur. In many cases, his creations were first published in one of several magazines he edited\u2014Claponul, Moftul Rom\u00e2n, Vatra and Epoca. Most of his prose works have been published under the title Momente \u015fi schi\u0163e: they include C\u0103ldur\u0103 mare, C\u0103nu\u0163\u0103 om sucit, Dou\u0103 loturi, Grand Hotel \"Victoria rom\u00e2n\u0103\", as well as several pieces referring to stock characters such as Lache and Mache, Marius Chico\u015f Rostogan and Mitic\u0103. In some of his later fiction writings, including La hanul lui M\u00e2njoal\u0103, Kir Ianulea, Abu-Hasan, Pastram\u0103 trufanda and Calul dracului, Caragiale adopted the fantasy genre or turned to historical fiction.\nIon Luca Caragiale was interested in the politics of the Romanian Kingdom, and oscillated between the liberal current and conservatism. Most of his satirical works target the liberal republicans and the National Liberals, evidencing both his respect for their rivals at Junimea and his connections with the literary critic Titu Maiorescu. He came to clash with National Liberal leaders such as Dimitrie Sturdza and Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, and was a lifelong adversary of the Symbolist poet Alexandru Macedonski. As a result of these conflicts, the most prominent of Caragiale's critics barred his access to the cultural establishment for several decades. During the 1890s, Caragiale rallied with the radical movement of George Panu, before associating with the Conservative Party. After having decided to settle in Berlin, he came to voice strong criticism for Romanian politicians of all colours in the wake of the 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt, and ultimately joined the Conservative-Democratic Party.\nHe was both a friend and rival to writers such as Eminescu, Maiorescu, and Barbu \u015etef\u0103nescu Delavrancea, while maintaining contacts with, among others, the Junimist essayist Iacob Negruzzi, the socialist philosopher Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, the literary critic Paul Zarifopol, the poets George Co\u015fbuc and Mite Kremnitz, the psychologist Constantin R\u0103dulescu-Motru, and the Transylvanian poet and activist Octavian Goga. Ion Luca was the nephew of Costache and Iorgu Caragiale, who were major figures of mid-19th century Romanian theatre. His sons Mateiu and Luca were both modernist writers.", "Q312885": "James Wesley Marsters (born August 20, 1962) is an American actor, musician and voice actor. He is best known for his role as the English vampire Spike in The WB series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spin-off, Angel. Since then, he has played the alien super villain Brainiac on the Superman-inspired series Smallville, Captain John Hart on Torchwood and terrorist Barnabas Greeley in Syfy's Caprica. He appeared in a supporting role in the film P.S. I Love You, as Victor Hesse in the Hawaii Five-0 reboot, Victor Stein in the Marvel series Runaways and as the voice of Zamasu in the Funimation dub of Dragon Ball Super.", "Q61197": "Johann Christian Poggendorff (29 December 1796 \u2013 24 January 1877), was a German physicist born in Hamburg. By far the greater and more important part of his work related to electricity and magnetism. Poggendorff is known for his electrostatic motor which is analogous to Wilhelm Holtz's electrostatic machine. In 1841 he described the use of the potentiometer for measurement of electrical potentials without current draw.", "Q313543": "Ronald Ellwin \"Ron\" Evans Jr. (November 10, 1933 \u2013 April 7, 1990), (Capt, USN), was an American naval officer and aviator, electrical engineer, aeronautical engineer, NASA astronaut and, of the 24 astronauts to have flown to the Moon, one of 12 people to have flown to the Moon without landing on it.\nEvans was selected as an astronaut by NASA as part of Astronaut Group 5 in 1966 and made his only flight into space as Command Module Pilot aboard Apollo 17 in December 1972, the last crewed mission to the Moon, with Commander Eugene Cernan and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt. During the flight, Evans and five mice orbited the Moon a record 75 times as his two crewmates descended to the surface. He is the last person to orbit the Moon alone and, at 148 hours, holds the record for the most time spent in lunar orbit. In 1975 Evans served as backup Command Module Pilot for the Apollo\u2013Soyuz Test Project mission.\nDuring Apollo 17's return flight to Earth, Evans performed an extravehicular activity to retrieve film cassettes from the exterior of the spacecraft, the command and service module. It was the third \"deep space\" EVA, and is the spacewalk performed at the greatest distance from any planetary body. As of 2020, it remains one of only three deep space EVAs, all made during the Apollo program's J-missions. It was also the final spacewalk of the Apollo program.", "Q180393": "The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Neapolitan: Regno d\u2019\u2019e Ddoje Sicilie; Sicilian: Regnu d\u00ee Dui Sicili; Italian: Regno delle Due Sicilie; Spanish: Reino de las Dos Sicilias) was a kingdom located in Southern Italy from 1816\u20131860. The kingdom was the largest sovereign state by population and size in Italy prior to Italian unification, comprising Sicily and all of Peninsula Italy south of the Papal States, covering most of the area of today's Mezzogiorno.\nThe kingdom was formed when the Kingdom of Sicily merged with the Kingdom of Naples, which was officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily. Since both kingdoms were named Sicily, they were collectively known as the \"Two Sicilies\" (Utraque Sicilia, literally \"both Sicilies\"), and the unified kingdom adopted this name. The King of the Two Sicilies was overthrown by Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1860, after which the people voted in a plebiscite to join the Savoyard Kingdom of Sardinia. The annexation of the Two Sicilies completed the first phase of Italian unification, and the new Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in 1861.\nThe Two Sicilies were heavily agricultural, like the other Italian states.\n\n", "Q59408": "Endangered Species (also released as Earth Alien) is a 2003 science fiction horror film directed by Kevin Tenney. It follows a cop, Mike \"Sully\" Sullivan (Eric Roberts) trying to find out who is behind a series of killings at the local gyms, eventually realising that the killer is actually an indestructible alien, who has come to make clothes out of human beings. Along the way, he teams up with Warden (Arnold Vosloo), also an alien who has come to earth to protect humanity. The supporting cast includes John Rhys-Davies.", "Q237387": "Dulce Mar\u00eda Espinosa Savi\u00f1\u00f3n (Spanish: [\u02c8dulse ma\u02c8\u027ei.a sa\u03b2i\u02c8\u0272on]; born December 6, 1985) is a Mexican singer, songwriter, actress and author.\nShe began her career at age 5, participating in more than 100 TV commercials. At 11 she was part of her first musical group, KIDS. At 15 she joined the group, Jeans. She starred in many successful telenovelas, including El vuelo del \u00e1guila (1994), Nunca te olvidar\u00e9 (1999), Clase 406 (2002), Rebelde (2004), Coraz\u00f3n que miente (2016) and Muy padres (2017).She reached international success in 2004 after starring in Televisa's telenovela Rebelde and being part of the twice-nominated for a Latin Grammy Award group RBD, who sold 20 million albums around the world.Since 2009 she has worked in her solo musical career, after signing to Universal Music Latin, Dulce Mar\u00eda has released three solo albums: Extranjera (2010), which debuted at number one on Mexico's AMPROFON and became the first Mexican artist to certified a Platinum Awards in Brazil, also Sin Fronteras (2014) and DM (2017). Currently she is working on her fourth album, which will be called Origen and expected to launch in 2019.She has won several international awards as MTV Europe Music Award, Premios TVyNovelas, People en Espa\u00f1ol Award, Premios Juventud and in the American, Mexican and Brazilian editions of the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards. She was chosen as one of the most beautiful by magazines as People en Espa\u00f1ol and Quien and is one of the most influential Mexican on Twitter.", "Q70924": "Duke Charles of Mecklenburg (German: Herzog Carl zu Mecklenburg) (30 November 1785 \u2013 21 September 1837) was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and a Prussian soldier who served in the Napoleonic Wars. From 1827 until his death he was President of the Prussian State Council.\n\n", "Q877165": "Moriz Benedikt (sometimes spelled Moritz) (27 May 1849 \u2013 18 March 1920), was a long-time editor of Neue Freie Presse and a powerful figure in Austrian politics and society.\nRaised in a Jewish family in Krasice, he was the magazine's subeditor from 1872 to 1880, then associate editor and editor-in-chief from 1908 to the day he died.The satirist Karl Kraus was a persistent critic of Benedikt (\"the Lord of all Hyenas\") and his paper, i.a., for their aggressive militaristic stance in the wake of World War I.He died in Vienna.", "Q92779": "Ingo Moln\u00e1r, employed by Red Hat as of May 2013, is a Hungarian Linux hacker. He is best known for his contributions to the operating system in terms of security and performance.\n\n", "Q509026": "Graham Stuart Beckel (born December 22, 1949) is an American character actor. He is known for his prolific guest appearances on television but has had prominent roles in several major films as well. He is known for his roles as Franklin Ford in the drama film The Paper Chase, and Dick Stensland in Curtis Hanson's Oscar winning masterpiece, L.A. Confidential. He also played Jack Fisk on Battlestar Galactica and Hal Sanders on Heroes. Beckel also appeared in The Astronaut Farmer as Frank, a customer at the diner.\nBeckel portrayed oil tycoon Ellis Wyatt in Atlas Shrugged (2011). He has a recurring role on the AMC TV show Halt & Catch Fire as Nathan Cardiff, owner of the show's fictional company \"Cardiff Electric\".\nHe is the younger brother of political strategist and TV commentator Bob Beckel.\n\n", "Q778673": "Sub Pop is a record label founded in 1986 by Bruce Pavitt. Sub Pop achieved fame in the late 1980s for signing Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, and Mudhoney, central players in the grunge movement. They are often credited with helping popularize grunge music. The label's roster includes Fleet Foxes, Foals, Beach House, The Postal Service, Flight of the Conchords, Sleater-Kinney, Blitzen Trapper, Father John Misty, Shabazz Palaces, METZ, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, and The Shins. In 1995 the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group.", "Q240": "Brussels (French: Bruxelles [b\u0281ys\u025bl] (listen) or [b\u0281yks\u025bl]; Dutch: Brussel [\u02c8br\u028fs\u0259l] (listen)), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (French: R\u00e9gion de Bruxelles-Capitale; Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the capital of Belgium. The Brussels-Capital Region is located in the central portion of the country and is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community, but is separate from the Flemish Region (within which it forms an enclave) and the Walloon Region. Brussels is the most densely populated and the richest region in Belgium in terms of GDP per capita. It covers 162 km2 (63 sq mi), a relatively small area compared to the two other regions, and has a population of over 1.2 million. The five times larger metropolitan area of Brussels comprises over 2.5 million people, which makes it the largest in Belgium. It is also part of a large conurbation extending towards Ghent, Antwerp, Leuven and Walloon Brabant, home to over 5 million people.Brussels grew from a small rural settlement on the river Senne to become an important city-region in Europe. Since the end of the Second World War, it has been a major centre for international politics and home to numerous international organisations, politicians, diplomats and civil servants. Brussels is the de facto capital of the European Union, as it hosts a number of principal EU institutions, including its administrative-legislative, executive-political, and legislative branches (though the judicial branch is located in Luxembourg, and the European Parliament meets for a minority of the year in Strasbourg). Its name is sometimes used metonymically to describe the EU and its institutions. The secretariat of the Benelux and headquarters of NATO are also located in Brussels. As the economic capital of Belgium and one of the top financial centres of Western Europe with Euronext Brussels, it is classified as an Alpha global city. Brussels is a hub for rail, road and air traffic, sometimes earning the moniker \"Crossroads of Europe\". The Brussels Metro is the only rapid transit system in Belgium. In addition, both its airport and railway stations are the largest and busiest in the country.Historically Dutch-speaking, Brussels saw a language shift to French from the late 19th century. The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual in French and Dutch, even though French is now the de facto main language with over 90% of the population speaking it. Brussels is also increasingly becoming multilingual. English is spoken as a second language by nearly a third of the population and many migrants and expatriates speak other languages as well.Brussels is known for its cuisine and gastronomy, as well as its historical and architectural landmarks; some of them are registered as UNESCO World Heritage sites. Main attractions include its historic Grand Place, Manneken Pis, Atomium, and cultural institutions such as La Monnaie/De Munt and the Museums of Art and History. Due to its long tradition of Belgian comics, Brussels is also hailed as a capital of the comic strip.\n\n", "Q6675693": "Looney Tunes Platinum Collection: Volume 2 is a Blu-ray and DVD box set by Warner Home Video released on October 16, 2012. It contains 50 Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons and numerous supplements. Disc 3 is exclusive to the Blu-ray version of the set. Unlike Volume 1, which was released in a digibook, Volume 2 was released in a standard 1 movie case.", "Q67280": "Diepflingen is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q1512171": "ROIR (pronounced \"roar\"), or Reachout International Records, is a New York City-based independent record label founded in 1979 by Neil Cooper.ROIR was founded the same year that the Sony Walkman launched, and initially, the label exclusively distributed its releases in cassette format. Much of the label's catalog is now available in CD and LP formats. \nROIR released its first cassette, by James Chance and the Contortions, in 1981. In 1982, ROIR released the compilation album New York Thrash, documenting the hardcore punk scene in the New York metropolitan area. It has since become a definitive album in the genre.Most of ROIR's early catalog consists of punk rock and no wave releases by artists such as Suicide, Glenn Branca, and Lydia Lunch. The label later branched out into other genres including hardcore punk, reggae, ska, psychedelia and dub. \nROIR released early recordings by Bad Brains (Bad Brains), Beastie Boys, Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten (2X4), Flipper (Blow'n Chunks), MC5, GG Allin, New York Dolls, Suns of Arqa, Prince Far I, Television, The Legendary Pink Dots, Lee 'Scratch' Perry, The Stimulators, and The Skatalites (Stretching Out).", "Q380459": "Kevin Warwick FIET, FCGI, (born 9 February 1954) is a British engineer and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research) at Coventry University in the United Kingdom. He is known for his studies on direct interfaces between computer systems and the human nervous system, and has also done research concerning robotics.\n\n", "Q1921640": "Merge Records is an independent record label based in Durham, North Carolina. It was founded in 1989 by Laura Ballance and Mac McCaughan. It began as a way to release music from their band Superchunk and music created by friends, and has expanded to include artists from around the world and records reaching the top of the Billboard music charts.", "Q77093": "Ernst Friedrich Christoph \"Fritz\" Sauckel (27 October 1894 \u2013 16 October 1946) was a German Nazi politician, Gauleiter of Thuringia and the General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment from March 1942 until the end of the Second World War.\nSauckel was among the 24 persons accused in the Nuremberg Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, and was sentenced to death by hanging.", "Q4628": "The Faroe Islands (; Faroese: F\u00f8royar, pronounced [\u02c8f\u0153\u0279ja\u0279]; Danish: F\u00e6r\u00f8erne, pronounced [\u02c8f\u025b\u0250\u032f\u02cc\u00f8\u02c0\u0250n\u0259]), or the Faeroe Islands, is a North Atlantic archipelago located 320 kilometres (200 mi) north-northwest of Scotland, and about halfway between Norway and Iceland. It is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. The islands have a total area of about 1,400 square kilometres (540 sq mi) with a population of 52,110 as of January 2020.The terrain is rugged; the climate is subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc)\u2014windy, wet, cloudy, and cool. Temperatures average above freezing throughout the year because of the Gulf Stream. As a result of the moderation and the northerly latitude, summers normally hover around 12 \u00b0C (54 \u00b0F). Average temperatures are 5 \u00b0C (41 \u00b0F) in winter. The northerly latitude location also results in perpetual civil twilight during summer nights and very short winter days.\nBetween 1035 and 1814 the Faroe Islands were part of the Kingdom of Norway, which was in a personal union with Denmark from 1450. In 1814 the Treaty of Kiel transferred Norway to the king of Sweden, on the winning side of the Napoleonic wars, whereas the king of Denmark, on the losing side, retained the Faroes, along with the two other historical Norwegian island possessions in the North Atlantic: Greenland and Iceland. The Faroe Islands have been a self-governing part of the Kingdom of Denmark since 1948, controlling most areas apart from military defence, policing, justice, currency, and foreign affairs. Because the Faroe Islands are not part of the same customs area as Denmark, the country has an independent trade policy, and can establish trade agreements with other states. In the Nordic Council, they are represented as part of the Danish delegation. In certain sports, the Faroe Islands field their own national teams.\nDespite only having one laureate, the Faroe Islands currently has the most Nobel laureates per capita worldwide.\n\n", "Q776886": "Silvia Costa (born June 12, 1949) is an Italian journalist and politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2009 until 2019.\n\n", "Q176405": "Da\u00edna Chaviano (Spanish: [da\u02c8ina t\u0283a\u02c8\u03b2jano]) (born in Havana, Cuba, in 1957) is a Cuban-American writer of French and Asturian descent living in the United States since 1991.\nShe is considered one of the three most important female fantasy and science fiction writers in the Spanish language, along with Ang\u00e9lica Gorodischer (Argentina) and Elia Barcel\u00f3 (Spain), forming the so-called \u201cfeminine trinity of science fiction in Ibero-America.\u201dIn Cuba, she published several science fiction and fantasy books, becoming the most renowned and best-selling author in those genres in Cuban literature. Since leaving the island, she has distinguished herself with a series of novels incorporating historical and more contemporary matters as well as mythological and fantastic elements.", "Q87412": "Michael Naumann (born 8 December 1941, in K\u00f6then, Anhalt) is a German politician, publisher and journalist. He was the German secretary of culture from 1998 until 2001. He is married to Marie Warburg, daughter of Eric Warburg and granddaughter of Max Warburg.\nSince 2012 Naumann is director of the Barenboim-Said Academy in Berlin.", "Q166616": "Thomas Arthur Reiter (born 23 May 1958 in Frankfurt, West Germany) is a retired European astronaut and is a Brigadier General in the German Air Force currently working as ESA Interagency Coordinator and Advisor to the Director General at the European Space Agency (ESA). He was one of the top 25 astronauts in terms of total time in space. With his wife and two sons he lives near Oldenburg in Lower Saxony.", "Q931642": "Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko University of Technology (Polish: Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Ko\u015bciuszki) is a public university located in central Krak\u00f3w, Poland, established in 1946 and, as an institution of higher learning granted full autonomy in 1954.\nOver 37,000 students graduated from the Polytechnic to this day with degrees. Doctorate degrees were granted to 1200 persons and Habilitated degrees \u2013 to additional 300. The number of students admitted each year reaches 4500.", "Q1826885": "Robert Evans (born Robert J. Shapera; June 29, 1930 \u2013 October 26, 2019) was an American film producer and studio executive, best known for his work on Rosemary's Baby, Love Story, The Godfather, and Chinatown.\nEvans began his career in a successful business venture with his brother, selling women's apparel. In 1956, while on a business trip, he was by chance spotted by actress Norma Shearer, who thought he would be right to play the role of her late husband Irving Thalberg (appropriately, another film mogul) in Man of a Thousand Faces. Thus he began a brief film acting career. In 1962, Evans decided to go into film producing instead, using his accumulated wealth from the clothing business, and began a meteoric rise in the industry; he was installed as the head of Paramount Pictures in 1967. While there, he improved the ailing Paramount's fortunes through a string of commercially and critically acclaimed films. In 1974, he stepped down in order to produce films on his own.\nIn 1980, Evans' career, and life, took a downturn after he pleaded guilty to cocaine trafficking; over the next 12 years, he produced only two films, both financial flops: The Cotton Club and the Chinatown sequel The Two Jakes. In 1993, he began to produce films on a more regular basis, with a mixed track record that included both flops (such as Jade in 1995) and hits (such as How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days in 2003, his final film credit).", "Q45747": "Viswanathan \"Vishy\" Anand (born 11 December 1969) is an Indian chess grandmaster and multiple-time World Chess Champion in standard, rapid, and blitz time controls. He became the first grandmaster from India in 1988, and is one of the few players to have surpassed an Elo rating of 2800, a feat he first achieved in 2006.Anand is a five-time world chess champion. He held the FIDE World Chess Championship from 2000 to 2002, becoming the first Asian to do so. He became the undisputed World Champion in 2007 and defended his title against Vladimir Kramnik in 2008. He successfully defended his title in 2010 against Veselin Topalov, and again in 2012 against Boris Gelfand. In 2013, he lost the title to challenger Magnus Carlsen, and lost a rematch to Carlsen in 2014 after winning the 2014 Candidates Tournament.In April 2006 Anand became the fourth player in history to pass the 2800 Elo mark on the FIDE rating list, after Garry Kasparov, Vladimir Kramnik and Veselin Topalov. He occupied the number one position for 21 months, the 6th longest on record.\nKnown for his rapid playing speed as a child, Anand earned the sobriquet of \"Lightning Kid\" during his early career in the 1980s. He has since developed into a universal player, and is considered by many to be the greatest rapid chess player of his generation. He won the FIDE World Rapid Chess Championship in 2003 and 2017, the World Blitz Cup in 2000, and numerous other top-level rapid & blitz events.\nAnand was the first recipient of the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in 1991\u201392, India's highest sporting honour. In 2007, he was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan, making him the first sportsperson to receive the award.", "Q42028": "Donald Rooum (born 20 April 1928, died 31 August 2019) was an English anarchist cartoonist and writer. He had a long association with Freedom Press who have published seven volumes of his Wildcat cartoons.\nIn 1963 he played a key role in exposing Harold Challenor, a corrupt police officer who tried to frame him.", "Q64951": "Trun is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. The municipality of Schlans merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Trun.", "Q289469": "White Man's Burden is a 1995 American drama film about racism in an alternative America where black and white Americans have reversed cultural roles. The film was written and directed by Desmond Nakano. The film revolves around Louis Pinnock (John Travolta), a white factory worker, who kidnaps Thaddeus Thomas (Harry Belafonte), a black factory owner for firing him over a perceived slight.The title is a well-known phrase inspired by the famous poem of the same title by Rudyard Kipling.", "Q327180": "Ov\u00eddio de Sousa Martins (September 17, 1928 in Mindelo, S\u00e3o Vicente \u2013 April 29, 1999 in Lisbon, Portugal) was a famous Cape Verdean poet and journalist. He attended high school in his home country, he went to pursue studies in Portugal and did not achieve studies due to health reasons. He was one of the founders of the Cultural Supplement Bulletin of Cape Verde in 1958. He lived in exile in the Netherlands due to his pro-independence activities in his native land and produced 100 poems there.\nHis poem Flagelados do vento leste and Comunh\u00e3o can be found on the CD Poesia de Cabo Verde e Sete Poemas de Sebasti\u00e3o da Gama by Afonso Dias.", "Q193660": "Ramon Llull (Catalan: [r\u0259\u02c8mo\u0272 \u02c8\u028eu\u028e]; c. 1232 \u2013 c. 1315; Anglicised Raymond Lully, Raymond Lull; in Latin Raimundus, or Raymundus Lullus, or Raimundo Lulio, or Lullius) was a mathematician, polymath, philosopher, logician, Franciscan tertiary and writer from the Kingdom of Majorca. He is credited with writing the first major work of Catalan literature. Recently surfaced manuscripts show his work to have predated by several centuries prominent work on elections theory. He is also considered a pioneer of computation theory, especially given his influence on Leibniz.\n\n", "Q505393": "Joseph Medill Patterson (January 6, 1879 \u2013 May 26, 1946) was an American journalist, publisher and founder of the Daily News in New York.\n\n", "Q468631": "Hanayo (\u82b1\u4ee3), born Hanayo Nakajima (\u4e2d\u5cf6 \u82b1\u4ee3, Nakajima Hanayo, born 1970), is a Japanese musician, photographer, and artist known for her playful and subversive artwork that is often rooted in Japanese culture. Hanayo currently lives and works in Japan.\n\n", "Q157144": "Vinnytsia or Vinnytsya, or Vinnitsa ( VIN-it-s(y)\u0259, VEEN-; Ukrainian: \u0412\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044f, romanized: Vinnycja, IPA: [\u02c8win\u02d0\u026ats\u02b2\u0250] (listen); Russian: \u0412\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, romanized: Vinnica; Polish: Winnica), is a city in west-central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Southern Bug.\nIt is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast and the largest city in the historic region of Podillia. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance. It also serves as an administrative center of Vinnytsia Raion, one of the 27 districts of Vinnytsia Oblast, though it is not a part of the district. Population: 372,484\u2009(2015 est.)The city's roots date back to the Middle Ages and it was under Polish control for centuries until the Russian Empire annexed it in 1793. During 1930s and early 1940s the city was the site of massacres, first during Stalin's purges and then during the Holocaust in Ukraine and the Nazi occupation. A Cold War-era airbase was located near the city.\n\n", "Q928844": "Semimaru also known as Semimaro (\u8749\u4e38) was a Japanese poet and musician of the early Heian period. His name is recorded in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu, but there are no historical accounts of his pedigree. Some accounts say he was a son of Uda Tenn\u014d, Prince Atsumi, or that he was the fourth son of Daigo Tenn\u014d. There are also claims that he lived during the reign of Ninmy\u014d Tenn\u014d.\nSemimaru was a blind lute player who lived alone in a straw hut in Ausaka, which means \"meeting slope\". \"Ausaka is a slope about five miles east of the center of modern Kyoto. Its apex is a narrow pass through the eastern range of mountains separating Kyoto from the area of Lake Biwa.\" The emperor established a formal check point barrier, Ausaka no seki, at this summit in 646. Today the place is known as Osaka. A Shinto shrine was built there by the tenth century and eventually became known as Semimaru jinja.Supposedly, on seeing the traffic on the road to the capital, he composed the following waka (\u548c\u6b4c)\n\u3053\u308c\u3084\u3053\u306e\u884c\u304f\u3082\u5e30\u308b\u3082\u5225\u308c\u3066\u306f \u77e5\u308b\u3082\u77e5\u3089\u306c\u3082\u9022\u5742\u306e\u95a2\nKore ya kono yuku mo kaeru mo wakaretewa shiru mo shiranu mo osaka no sekiSo this is the place! The crowds, coming, going, meeting, parting; friends, strangers, known, unknown - The Osaka (Ausaka) Barrier (\u9022\u5742\u306e\u95a2, ausaka no seki).(Ogura Hyakunin Isshu 10)\nThe above waka appears in the imperial anthology Gosen Wakash\u016b. Other Semimaru poems appear in the anthologies Shin Kokin Wakash\u016b, Kokin Wakash\u016b and Shokukokin Wakash\u016b. For this poem, he became known as Seki no Akagami (\u95a2\u306e\u660e\u795e).\nAccording to the Konjaku Monogatarish\u016b (Book 24, tale 23), for three years Minamoto no Hiromasa travelled from the capital regularly, hoping to hear and meet Semimaru. Finally, they met and Semimaru tutored him in playing the biwa (\u7435\u7436) melodies Ry\u016bsen (\u6d41\u6cc9) and Takuboku (\u5544\u6728).", "Q1181075": "Dean Ivanhoe Fraser (sometimes appearing as Dean Frazer) (born 4 August 1957) is a Jamaican saxophonist who has contributed to hundreds of reggae recordings since the mid-1970s. He was awarded the Musgrave Medal by the Jamaican government in 1993 in recognition of his services to music.", "Q243837": "Ottorino Respighi ( reh-SPEE-ghee, also US: r\u0259-, Italian: [otto\u02c8ri\u02d0no re\u02c8spi\u02d0\u0261i]; 9 July 1879 \u2013 18 April 1936) was an Italian violinist, composer, and musicologist who became one of the leading Italian composers in the early 20th century. Among Respighi's best known works are his three symphonic poems, Fountains of Rome (1916), Pines of Rome (1924), and Roman Festivals (1928), which displayed rich orchestral colours and brought him international fame. His musicological interest in 16th-, 17th- and 18th-century music led him to compose pieces based on the music of these periods.", "Q9683": "The Tang dynasty (; Chinese: \u5510\u671d) or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in Chinese history. Historians generally regard the Tang as a high point in Chinese civilization, and a golden age of cosmopolitan culture. Tang territory, acquired through the military campaigns of its early rulers, rivaled that of the Han dynasty. The Tang capital at Chang'an (present-day Xi'an) was the most populous city in the world in its day.\nThe L\u01d0 family (\u674e) founded the dynasty, seizing power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire. The dynasty was interrupted for 15 years when Empress Wu Zetian seized the throne, proclaiming the Wu Zhou dynasty and becoming the only legitimate Chinese empress regnant. In two censuses of the 7th and 8th centuries, the Tang records estimated the population by number of registered households at about 50 million people. Yet, even when the central government was breaking down and unable to compile an accurate census of the population in the 9th century, it is estimated that the population had grown by then to about 80 million people. With its large population base, the dynasty was able to raise professional and conscripted armies of hundreds of thousands of troops to contend with nomadic powers in dominating Inner Asia and the lucrative trade-routes along the Silk Road. Various kingdoms and states paid tribute to the Tang court, while the Tang also conquered or subdued several regions which it indirectly controlled through a protectorate system. Besides political hegemony, the Tang also exerted a powerful cultural influence over neighboring East Asian states such as those in Japan and Korea.\nThe Tang dynasty was largely a period of progress and stability in the first half of the dynasty's rule, until the devastating An Lushan Rebellion (755\u2013763) and the decline of central authority in the later half of the dynasty. Like the previous Sui dynasty, the Tang dynasty maintained a civil-service system by recruiting scholar-officials through standardized examinations and recommendations to office. The rise of regional military governors known as jiedushi during the 9th century undermined this civil order. Chinese culture flourished and further matured during the Tang era; it is traditionally considered the greatest age for Chinese poetry. Two of China's most famous poets, Li Bai and Du Fu, belonged to this age, as did many famous painters such as Han Gan, Zhang Xuan, and Zhou Fang. Scholars of this period compiled a rich variety of historical literature, as well as encyclopedias and geographical works. The adoption of the title Khan of Heaven by the Tang emperor Taizong in addition to his title as emperor was eastern Asia's first \"simultaneous kingship\".Many notable innovations occurred under the Tang, including the development of woodblock printing. Buddhism became a major influence in Chinese culture, with native Chinese sects gaining prominence. However, in the 840s the Emperor Wuzong of Tang enacted policies to persecute Buddhism, which subsequently declined in influence. The dynasty and central government had gone into decline by the latter half of the 9th century; agrarian rebellions resulted in damaging atrocities such as the Guangzhou massacre of 878\u2013879. The dynasty was overthrown in 907.", "Q428215": "Tim Sebastian (born 13 March 1952, London, England) is a television journalist and novelist. He is the moderator of Conflict Zone and The New Arab Debates, broadcast on Deutsche Welle. He previously worked for the BBC, where he hosted The Doha Debates and was the first presenter of HARDtalk. He also presented Bloomberg TV's The Outsider, an India-focused debating programme.He won the BAFTA (British Academy of Film and Television Arts) Richard Dimbleby award in 1981 and Britain's prestigious Royal Television Society Interviewer of the Year award in 2000 and 2001.", "Q91927": "Friedrich Elchlepp (July 4, 1924 in Biederitz, Jerichower district, Germany \u2013 2 March 2002 in Germany) was an Oberleutnant zur See in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, a lawyer and a Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral) in East Germany's (Volksmarine) (People's Navy).\n\n", "Q128790": "Georges Joseph Christian Simenon (French: [\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 simn\u0254\u0303]; 13 February 1903 \u2013 4 September 1989) was a Belgian writer. A prolific author who published nearly 500 novels and numerous short works, Simenon is best known as the creator of the fictional detective Jules Maigret.", "Q1700056": "John \"Sh\u00f4n\" Eirwyn Ffowcs Williams, (born 25 May 1935) is Emeritus Rank Professor of Engineering at the University of Cambridge and a former Master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge (1996\u20132002). He may be best known for his contributions to Aeroacoustics, in particular for his work on Concorde. Together with one of his students, David Hawkings, he introduced the far-field integration method in computational aeroacoustics based on Lighthill's acoustic analogy, known as the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings analogy.", "Q159169": "Nargis Dutt (Born Fatima Rashid; 1 June 1929 \u2013 3 May 1981), also known by her stage name Nargis, was an Indian film actress, who starred in classic films of Bollywood. Regarded as one of the greatest actress in the history of Hindi cinema, she made her screen debut in a minor role at the age of 5 with Talash-E-Haq (1935), but her acting career actually began with the film Tamanna (1942).\nIn a career that spanned three decades, Nargis appeared in numerous commercially successful as well as critically acclaimed films, many of which featured her alongside actor Raj Kapoor. She was the younger sister of the well-known actor Anwar Hussain. Her best-known role was that of Radha in the Academy Award-nominated Mother India (1957), a performance that won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. She would appear infrequently in films during the 1960s. Some of her films of this period include the drama Raat Aur Din (1967), for which she received the inaugural National Film Award for Best Actress.\nNargis married her Mother India co-star Sunil Dutt in 1958. Together they had three children, including the actor Sanjay Dutt. Along with her husband, Nargis formed the Ajanta Arts Culture Troupe which roped in several leading actors and singers of the time and held stage shows at border areas. In early 1970s, Nargis became the first patron of The Spastic Society of India and her subsequent work with the organisation brought her recognition as a social worker and later a Rajya Sabha nomination in 1980.\nNargis died in 1981 of pancreatic cancer, only three days before her son Sanjay Dutt made his debut in Hindi films with the film Rocky. In 1982, the Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Foundation was established in her memory. The award for Best Feature Film on National Integration in the Annual Film Awards ceremony is called the Nargis Dutt Award in her honor.", "Q318827": "Sawdust and Tinsel (Swedish: Gycklarnas afton, lit. 'The Evening of the Jesters') is a 1953 Swedish drama film directed by Ingmar Bergman.", "Q63569": "Max Streibl (January 6, 1932 in Oberammergau \u2013 December 11, 1998 in Munich) was a German politician of the CSU party and the eighth Minister President of Bavaria.", "Q339631": "Fred W. Friendly (born Ferdinand Friendly Wachenheimer, October 30, 1915 \u2013 March 3, 1998) was a president of CBS News and the creator, along with Edward R. Murrow, of the documentary television program See It Now. He originated the concept of public-access television cable TV channels.", "Q185002": "Myl\u00e8ne Jeanne Gautier (French pronunciation: \u200b[mil\u025bn \u0292an \u0261otje]; born 12 September 1961), known professionally as Myl\u00e8ne Farmer, is a French singer, songwriter, occasional actress, writer, and entrepreneur. She was born in Pierrefonds, Quebec, to a French family, and brought up in France.\nShe has sold more than 30 million records in France and is among the most successful recording artists of all-time in France. She holds the record for the most number one hits in the French charts, with twenty to date \u2013 eight of which were consecutive. Fifteen of her albums have also reached number one in France.", "Q274043": "Monique Chaumette (born 4 April 1927) is a French actress. She appeared in more than forty films since 1958. She was married to Philippe Noiret from 1962 until his death in 2006.", "Q4153935": "Dagestan State University (Russian: \u0414\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442) is a public university in Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan which is a federal subject in the Russian Federation. It is one of the largest higher educational institutions in Dagestan and a major scientific and cultural center. It was founded in 1931 as the Dagestan State Pedagogical Institute, until 1957 it was named after the national poet of Dagestan Suleyman Stalsky. The university includes 16 scientific and educational centers, 17 faculties, 97 departments, 4 branches, 2 museums (biological and historical), a fundamental library, a biological station and a planetarium. The university employs about 3,000 teachers and staff.", "Q191077": "The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Kraljevina Jugoslavija / \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0459\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0408\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0430; Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija) was a state in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941, during the interwar period and beginning of World War II. From 1918 to 1929, it was officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Serbo-Croatian: Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca / \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0459\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0430, \u0425\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0430; Slovene: Kraljevina Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev), but the term \"Yugoslavia\" (literally \"Land of Southern Slavs\") was its colloquial name due to its origins. The official name of the state was changed to \"Kingdom of Yugoslavia\" by King Alexander I on 3 October 1929.The preliminary kingdom was formed in 1918 by the merger of the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (itself formed from territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, encompassing Bosnia and Herzegovina and most of Croatia and Slovenia) with the formerly independent Kingdom of Serbia. The Kingdom of Montenegro had united with Serbia five days previously, whereas the regions of Kosovo, Vojvodina, and Vardar Macedonia had become parts of Serbia prior to the unification.\nThe state was ruled by the Serbian dynasty of Kara\u0111or\u0111evi\u0107, which previously ruled the Kingdom of Serbia under Peter I from 1903 (after the May Overthrow) onward. Peter I became the first king of Yugoslavia until his death in 1921. He was succeeded by his son Alexander I, who had been regent for his father. He was known as \"Alexander the Unifier\" and he renamed the kingdom \"Yugoslavia\" in 1929. He was assassinated in Marseille by Vlado Chernozemski, a member of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), during his visit to France in 1934. The crown passed to his then-still under-aged son Peter. Alexander's cousin Paul ruled as Prince regent until 1941, when Peter II came of age. The royal family flew to London the same year, prior to the country being invaded by the Axis powers.\nIn April 1941, the country was occupied and partitioned by the Axis powers. A royal government-in-exile, recognized by the United Kingdom and, later, by all the Allies, was established in London. In 1944, after pressure from the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, the King recognized the government of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia as the legitimate government. This was established on 2 November following the signing of the Treaty of Vis by Ivan \u0160uba\u0161i\u0107 (on behalf of the Kingdom) and Josip Broz Tito (on behalf of the Yugoslav Partisans).", "Q31549": "Sean Paul Lockhart (born October 31, 1986) is an American film actor and director, known for Milk (2008), Judas Kiss (2011), and Triple Crossed (2013).\nLockhart started his career as a gay pornographic film actor mostly using the stage name Brent Corrigan, except in The Velvet Mafia parts 1 and 2 (2006) and Best of Roman Heart (2008), in which he used the stage name Fox Ryder. In 2010, he left pornography to focus almost exclusively on gay-themed movies and independent films, such as Judas Kiss, Sister Mary, Another Gay Sequel: Gays Gone Wild!, Welcome to New York, and others. In 2011, he starred in the horror comedy anthology film Chillerama, directed by Tim Sullivan, as Ricky in the musical segment \"I Was A Teenage Werebear\". In 2011, he received the Rising Star Award at the Philadelphia QFest Festival.\nIn 2012, he announced his involvement in the production of an independent film titled Truth, directed by Rob Moretti and co-starring Lockhart and Moretti. In 2013, he directed the mystery-thriller Triple Crossed. He returned to gay pornography in 2016 with Falcon Studios' Deep Release.", "Q105164": "Lutz Tr\u00fcmper (born 1 October 1955) is a German politician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and Lord mayor of the city of Magdeburg.\n\n", "Q917": "Bhutan ( (listen); Dzongkha: \u0f60\u0f56\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f61\u0f74\u0f63\u0f0b, romanized: Druk Yul [\u0288uk\u031a\u02e9.y\u02d0\u02e9]), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan (Dzongkha: \u0f60\u0f56\u0fb2\u0f74\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f41\u0f56\u0f0b, romanized: Druk Gyal Khap), is a landlocked country in South Asia. Located in the Eastern Himalayas, it is bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north, the Chumbi Valley of Tibet, China and the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal in the west, and the Indian states of Assam, West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh in the south and east. Bhutan is geopolitically in South Asia and is the region's second-least-populous nation after the Maldives. Thimphu is its capital and largest city, while Phuntsholing is its financial center.\nBhutan's independence has endured for centuries. It has never been colonized in its history. Situated on the ancient Silk Road between Tibet, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, the Bhutanese state developed a distinct national identity based on Buddhism. Headed by a spiritual leader known as the Zhabdrung Rinpoche, the territory comprised many fiefdoms and was governed as a Buddhist theocracy. Following a civil war in the 19th century, the House of Wangchuck reunited the country and established relations with the British Empire. After the end of the British Raj, Bhutan fostered a strategic partnership with India during the rise of Chinese communism; it has a disputed border with China. In the early 1990s, the government deported much of the country's Nepali-speaking Lhotsampa minority, sparking a refugee crisis in nearby Nepal. In 2008, Bhutan transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy and held the first election to the National Assembly of Bhutan. The National Assembly is part of the bicameral parliament of the Bhutanese democracy.The country's landscape ranges from lush subtropical plains in the south to the sub-alpine Himalayan mountains in the north, where there are peaks higher than 7,000 metres (23,000 ft). Gangkhar Puensum is Bhutan's highest peak and may also be the highest unclimbed mountain in the world. The wildlife of Bhutan is notable for its diversity.\nIn South Asia, Bhutan ranks first in economic freedom, ease of doing business, and peace, and is the least corrupt country in the region as of 2016. It continues to be a least developed country, but expects to graduate from this status by 2023. Hydroelectricity accounts for most of its exports. The government is a parliamentary democracy; the head of state is the King of Bhutan, known as the \"Dragon King.\" Bhutan maintains diplomatic relations with 52 countries and the European Union, but does not have formal ties with the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. It is a member of the United Nations, SAARC, BIMSTEC and the Non-Aligned Movement. The Royal Bhutan Army maintains a close relationship with the Indian Armed Forces.\nBhutan is also notable for pioneering the concept of gross national happiness.", "Q267981": "Viktor Lazlo (real name: Sonia Dronier, born 7 October 1960 in Lorient, France) is a French-Belgian singer of Grenadian and Martiniquan descent. She studied in Belgium, where she is primarily known. Her biggest hit was \"Breathless\" in 1987. That year she also hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 1987 held in Brussels.Dronier took her stage name from Paul Henreid's character Victor Laszlo in the 1942 film Casablanca. She sings in French, English, Spanish and German.\nIn October 2016 Viktor Lazlo announced the release of her new single \"Promised Land\". A new studio album is scheduled for 2017.\nIn February 2017 Viktor Lazlo announced the release of her new single \"Lola & Jim\". In October 2017 Viktor Lazlo's new album Woman was released.", "Q782536": "Emma Pollock (born 20 December 1972) is a Scottish singer-songwriter, musician, and a founding member of the bands The Delgados, The Burns Unit and The Fruit Tree Foundation.", "Q57814": "Otto Georg Thierack (19 April 1889 \u2013 26 October 1946) was a German Nazi jurist and politician.\n\n", "Q323669": "Armenter Chatmon (June 30, 1893 \u2013 September 21, 1964), known as Bo Carter, was an early American blues musician. He was a member of the Mississippi Sheiks in concerts and on a few of their recordings. He also managed that group, which included his brothers Lonnie Chatmon on fiddle and, occasionally, Sam Chatmon on bass and their friend Walter Vinson on guitar and lead vocals.", "Q188526": "Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0430; 8 October [O.S. 26 September] 1892 \u2013 31 August 1941) was a Russian and Soviet poet. Her work is considered among some of the greatest in twentieth century Russian literature. She lived through and wrote of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Moscow famine that followed it. In an attempt to save her daughter Irina from starvation, she placed her in a state orphanage in 1919, where she died of hunger. Tsvetaeva left Russia in 1922 and lived with her family in increasing poverty in Paris, Berlin and Prague before returning to Moscow in 1939. Her husband Sergei Efron and her daughter Ariadna \u00c8fron (Alya) were arrested on espionage charges in 1941; her husband was executed. Tsvetaeva committed suicide in 1941. As a lyrical poet, her passion and daring linguistic experimentation mark her as a striking chronicler of her times and the depths of the human condition.", "Q187173": "Sir Thomas Wyatt the Younger (1521 \u2013 11 April 1554) was an English politician and rebel leader during the reign of Queen Mary I; his rising is traditionally called \"Wyatt's rebellion\". He was the son of the English poet and ambassador Sir Thomas Wyatt.", "Q614226": "Dave Whitlock (born July 2, 1966) is a Canadian former race car driver in the NASCAR Canadian Tire Series. He drove and owned the #39 Dickies Dodge Charger for his own team Whitlock Motorsports. He used to drive in the Castrol Super Series (Past Champion) and Cascar where he had 12 wins in the series. After the Cascar buyout by NASCAR he began to race in the Canadian Tire Series. He had one Canadian Tire Series win in his final season of racing, it came in Saint-Eustache the first race of the year. Whitlock sold his race team, Whitlock Motorsports, and retired at the end of the 2009 season.\nWhitlock was born in Wyoming, Ontario, Canada.", "Q115411": "Werner G\u00fcra (born 1964) is a German classical tenor in opera, concert and Lied, also an academic teacher in Zurich.", "Q642060": "Victor Henri Rochefort, Marquis de Rochefort-Lu\u00e7ay (30 January 1831 \u2013 30 June 1913) was a French writer of vaudevilles and politician. He was born in Paris and died in Aix-les-Bains.", "Q88": "Alexandria is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 139,966, and in 2019, the population was estimated to be 159,428. Located along the western bank of the Potomac River, Alexandria is approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of downtown Washington, D.C.\nLike the rest of Northern Virginia, as well as Central Maryland, modern Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the federal government. One of Alexandria's largest employers is the U.S. Department of Defense. Another is the Institute for Defense Analyses. In 2005, the United States Patent and Trademark Office moved to Alexandria, and in 2017, so did the headquarters of the National Science Foundation.\nThe historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town. With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for all who live in Alexandria as well for visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. It is the 7th largest and highest-income independent city in Virginia.\nA large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, is also referred to as Alexandria, and has Alexandria, Virginia, mailing addresses, but it is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the \"City of Alexandria\" to avoid confusion (see the \"Neighborhoods\" paragraph below). Additionally, neighboring Arlington County was formerly named \"Alexandria County\" before it was renamed by the Virginia General Assembly in 1920 to reduce confusion with the city.\n\n", "Q373738": "Fred Andrew Stone (August 19, 1873 \u2013 March 6, 1959) was an American actor. Stone began his career as a performer in circuses and minstrel shows, went on to act on vaudeville, and became a star on Broadway and in feature films, which earned him a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q726280": "Boruch Alan Bermowitz (June 23, 1938 \u2013 July 16, 2016), known professionally as Alan Vega, was an American vocalist and visual artist, primarily known for his work with the electronic protopunk duo Suicide.", "Q454876": "Efrim Manuel Menuck (born August 23, 1970) is a Canadian musician involved with a number of Montreal-based bands, most notably Godspeed You! Black Emperor and Thee Silver Mt. Zion Memorial Orchestra. Menuck is also a frequent record producer and engineer, working with musicians from Montreal and abroad.", "Q70515": "For people with the surname, see Rivaz (surname).\n\nRivaz (pro. ree-vah) is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Lavaux-Oron.", "Q322211": "Sir Bryn Terfel Jones, (Welsh pronunciation: [\u02c8br\u0268n \u02c8t\u025brv\u025bl]; born 9 November 1965) is a Welsh bass-baritone opera and concert singer. Terfel was initially associated with the roles of Mozart, particularly Figaro and Don Giovanni, but has subsequently shifted his attention to heavier roles, especially those by Puccini and Wagner.", "Q271885": "Marisa Pavan (born Maria Luisa Pierangeli; 19 June 1932) is an Italian-born actress who first became known as the twin sister of film star Pier Angeli (Anna Maria Pierangeli) before achieving success in films on her own.\n\n", "Q449199": "Alvin Edward O'Konski (May 26, 1904 \u2013 July 8, 1987) was a United States Representative from Wisconsin.Born on a farm near Kewaunee, Wisconsin, O'Konski attended the local public schools and the University of Iowa. He graduated from State Teachers College (now University of Wisconsin\u2013Oshkosh) in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, in 1927 and from the University of Wisconsin (now University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison) in 1932. He was a high school teacher in Omro and Oconto from 1926 to 1929, a member of the faculty of Oregon State College at Corvallis from 1929 to 1931, and a faculty member at the University of Detroit from 1936 to 1938. He was superintendent of schools in Pulaski, Wisconsin, from 1932 to 1935 and an instructor at a junior college in Coleraine, Minnesota, in 1936. He was an educator, journalist, lecturer, editor and publisher at Hurley, Wisconsin, from 1940 to 1942.\nIn 1942, O'Konski was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-eighth Congress. He was then reelected to the fourteen succeeding Congresses serving from January 3, 1943, till January 3, 1973. While in congress, he represented Wisconsin's 10th congressional district. He lost a bid for the Republican senatorial nomination to succeed Joseph McCarthy in 1957.\nO'Konski represented a district that included much of the northwestern part of the state, including Rhinelander and Superior. However, after the 1970 census, Wisconsin lost a district, and most of O'Konski's territory was merged with Wisconsin's 7th congressional district represented by three-term Democratic Party member Dave Obey. O'Konski retained only about 40 percent of his former territory, a disadvantage he was unable to overcome despite his seniority. Even though Richard Nixon carried most of the district in the 1972 election, O'Konski was defeated. A proposed navy project called Project Sanguine which O'Konski supported may have been a factor in his loss.While still serving in Congress, O'Konski founded WAEO-TV, the NBC affiliate for most of north-central Wisconsin. He sold the station in 1976; it is now WJFW-TV.\nO'Konski lived in Kewaunee, Wisconsin, until his death in 1987. He is buried at St. Hedwig's Cemetery, a rural church cemetery west of Kewaunee.", "Q274725": "Lydia Thompson (born Eliza Thompson; 19 February 1838 \u2013 17 November 1908), was an English dancer, comedian, actress, and theatrical producer.\nAfter dancing and performing in pantomimes in Britain and then in Europe as a teenager in the 1850s, she became a leading dancer and actress in burlesques on the London stage. She introduced Victorian burlesque to America with her troupe the \"British Blondes\", in 1868, to great acclaim and notoriety. Her career began to decline in the 1890s, but she continued to perform into the early years of the 20th century.", "Q185764": "Trespass is a 2011 American crime thriller film directed by Joel Schumacher, from a screenplay by Karl Gajdusek. It stars Nicolas Cage and Nicole Kidman as a married couple taken hostage by extortionists. It also stars Ben Mendelsohn, Cam Gigandet, Liana Liberato, Jordana Spiro, Dash Mihok, Emily Meade and Nico Tortorella.It had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 14, 2011. It was released in a limited release and through video on demand on October 14, 2011, by Millennium Entertainment.", "Q336264": "Kyoto University (\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66, Ky\u014dto daigaku), or Kyodai (\u4eac\u5927, Ky\u014ddai) is a national university in Kyoto, Japan. It is the second oldest Japanese university, one of Asia's highest ranked universities and one of Japan's National Seven Universities. One of Asia's leading research-oriented institutions, Kyoto University is famed for producing world-class researchers, including 19 Nobel Prize laureates, 2 Fields medalists and one Gauss Prize winner. It has the most Nobel laureates of all universities in Asia.", "Q110569": "Kurt Kr\u00f6mer (Alexander Bojcan) (born 20 November 1974 in Berlin) is a German television presenter, comedian and actor.", "Q32726": "Michael Gerard Grimm (born February 7, 1970) is an American businessman, convicted felon, Marine Corps veteran, and politician who represented New York in the United States Congress from 2011 to 2015. Grimm represented New York's 13th congressional district during his first term, after which he represented New York's 11th congressional district. Both districts consisted of Staten Island and parts of Brooklyn. Grimm is a member of the Republican Party, and during his time in office was the only Republican to represent a significant portion of New York City.\nOn April 28, 2014, Grimm was charged by federal authorities with 20 counts of fraud, federal tax evasion, and perjury. On December 23, 2014, he pleaded guilty to a single count of felony tax fraud, and \"acknowledged committing perjury, hiring illegal immigrants, and committing wire fraud\". After initially vowing to retain his seat, Grimm announced on December 30, 2014, that he would resign from Congress effective January 5, 2015. On May 5, 2015, Daniel M. Donovan, Jr. won the special election to replace Grimm. On July 17, 2015, Grimm was sentenced to eight months in prison for tax evasion. He began his prison term on September 22, 2015 after a brief delay for medical treatments.On October 1, 2017, Grimm launched a campaign to attempt to win back his old House seat in New York's 11th District. On June 26, 2018, he lost in the Republican primary.", "Q74773": "Michael Wei\u00dfe or Weisse (c.\u20091488 \u2013 19 March 1534) was a German theologian, Protestant reformer and hymn writer. First a Franciscan, he joined the Bohemian Brethren. He published the most extensive early Protestant hymnal in 1531, supplying most hymn texts and some tunes himself. One of his hymns was used in Johann Sebastian Bach's St John Passion.", "Q1017765": "Buster Pickens (June 3, 1916 \u2013 November 24, 1964) was an American blues pianist. Pickens is best known for his work accompanying Alger \"Texas\" Alexander and Lightnin' Hopkins. He also recorded a solo album in 1960.", "Q194669": "Next Day Air is a 2009 American crime dark comedy film and thriller that was released by Summit Entertainment on May 8, 2009. The film starring Donald Faison and Mike Epps was produced on an estimated budget of $3 million. Two criminals accidentally accept a package of cocaine which they must sell before the real owner finds it missing.", "Q62111": "Karl Ernst (1 September 1904, Berlin \u2013 30 June 1934, Berlin) was an SA-Gruppenf\u00fchrer who, in early 1933, was the SA leader in Berlin. Before joining the Nazi Party he had been a hotel bellboy and a bouncer at a gay nightclub.", "Q252084": "Korkoro (\"Alone\" in the Romanes) is a 2009 French drama film written and directed by Tony Gatlif, starring French actors Marc Lavoine, Marie-Jos\u00e9e Croze and James Thi\u00e9rr\u00e9e. The film's cast were of many nationalities such as Albanian, Kosovar, Georgian, Serbian, French, Norwegian, and nine Romani people Gatlif recruited in Transylvania.\nBased on an anecdote about the Second World War by the Romani historian Jacques Sigot, the film was inspired by a Romani who escaped the Nazis with help from French villagers. It depicts the rarely documented subject of Porajmos (the Romani Holocaust). Other than a band of Romani people, the film has a character based on Yvette Lundy, a French teacher who was active in the French resistance and deported to a concentration camp for forging passports for Romani. Gatlif had intended to make a documentary but the lack of supporting documents led him to present it as a drama.\nThe film premiered at the Montr\u00e9al World Film Festival, winning the Grand Prize of the Americas, amongst other awards. It was released in France as Libert\u00e9 in February 2010, where it grossed $601,252; revenues from Belgium and the United States brought the total to $627,088. The film's music, composed by Tony Gatlif and Delphine Mantoulet, received a nomination in the Best Music Written for a Film category at the 36th annual C\u00e9sar Awards.\nKorkoro has been described as a \"rare cinematic tribute\" to those killed in the Porajmos. In general, it received positive reviews from critics, including praise for having an unusually leisurely pace for a Holocaust film. Critics regarded it as one of the director's best works, and with Latcho Drom, the \"most accessible\" of his films. The film is considered to show Romani in a non-stereotypical way, far from their clich\u00e9d depictions as musicians.", "Q44868": "Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (IATA: CAN, ICAO: ZGGG) is the major airport of Guangzhou, Guangdong province. Both airport codes were inherited from the former Baiyun Airport, and the IATA code is derived from Guangzhou's historical romanization Canton. Baiyun Airport serves as a hub for China Southern Airlines, FedEx Express, 9 Air, Hainan Airlines and Shenzhen Airlines.\nIn 2017, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport was China's third-busiest and world's 13th-busiest airport by passenger traffic, with 65,806,977 passengers handled. As for cargo traffic, the airport was China's third-busiest and the 19th-busiest worldwide. Baiyun Airport was also the third-busiest airport in China in terms of aircraft movements.", "Q3164680": "Jean-Charles Naouri (born March 8, 1949 in B\u00f4ne (now Annaba), Algeria) is a French businessman. He is Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and controlling shareholder of Groupe Casino.", "Q320406": "Michael Robertson (born 1967) is the founder and former CEO of MP3.com, an Internet music site. In the years following his departure from MP3.com Robertson has launched several companies, including Linspire, SIPphone, MP3tunes, and Ajax13. He is also founder of OnRad.io, a search engine for radio and DAR.fm, a website for recording audio from internet radio.", "Q357856": "Charlie S. Lee (born December 30, 1971), known professionally as C. S. Lee, is a Korean American actor and comedian. He is perhaps best known for playing sex-obsessed forensics analyst Vince Masuka on the Showtime drama series Dexter.\n\n", "Q225218": "Carmen Luvana (born August 23, 1981) is a retired Puerto Rican pornographic actress.", "Q298799": "Noriyuki \"Pat\" Morita (June 28, 1932 \u2013 November 24, 2005) was an American actor, voice actor, and comedian, known for his roles as Matsuo \"Arnold\" Takahashi on Happy Days (1975\u20131983), Mr. Miyagi in The Karate Kid film series, Mike Woo in The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo, and The Emperor of China in Mulan and Mulan II. Morita was nominated for the 1985 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of Mr. Miyagi in The Karate Kid. Morita also portrayed Ah Chew in Sanford and Son (1974\u20131976).\nMorita was the series lead actor in the television program Mr. T and Tina (1976) and in Ohara (1987\u20131988), a police-themed drama. The two shows made history for being among the few TV shows with an Asian American series lead.", "Q440817": "Kate Walsh (born 20 February 1983) is an English singer from Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex.\nA graduate of the Brighton Institute of Modern Music, her first album was Clocktower Park (produced by Lee Russell), released in 2003 by Kitchenware Records. The album was named for a meeting place in her home town. In 2007, she released her second album, Tim's House. It quickly became the No. 1 album on the UK iTunes Store. The album also features her most popular song, \"Your Song\". Her big break came when she gained iTunes customers' attention when her song Talk of the Town became the iTunes Free Single of the Week from the week beginning 20 March 2007.Her third studio album, Light and Dark, was released in the UK on 31 August 2009. The lead single from the record, June Last Year, was released on 24 August. She is set to begin her UK tour at the end of September.Her single \"Your Song\" was featured on the 2008 film Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging as well the 2008 film The Crew and the 2010 film, The Decoy Bride. In 2011, she discussed the release of her newest album The Real Thing and her tour.On 5 September 2012 she announced on her Facebook page that she would be taking an indefinite hiatus from her music career to do something else: \"By taking time out and putting some distance between me and my songs I am now, for the first time, able to start letting go of the past and can begin to move forward in a new and exciting direction\".", "Q185770": "Posidonius (Greek: \u03a0\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, Poseidonios, meaning \"of Poseidon\") \"of Apameia\" (\u1f41 \u1f08\u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2) or \"of Rhodes\" (\u1f41 \u1fec\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2) (c. 135 BCE \u2013 c. 51 BCE), was a Greek Stoic philosopher, politician, astronomer, geographer, historian and teacher native to Apamea, Syria.He was acclaimed as the greatest polymath of his age. His vast body of work exists today only in fragments.\nWriters such as Strabo and Seneca provide most of the information, from history, about his life.", "Q73008": "August Karl Kr\u00f6nig (German: [\u02c8k\u0281\u00f8\u02d0n\u026a\u00e7]; 20 September 1822 \u2013 5 June 1879) was a German chemist and physicist who published an account of the kinetic theory of gases in 1856, probably after reading a paper by John James Waterston.", "Q32732": "Malala Yousafzai (Urdu: \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0644\u06c1 \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u200e; Pashto: \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0632\u06cd\u200e [m\u0259\u02c8la\u02d0l\u0259 jus\u0259f \u02c8z\u0259j]; born 12 July 1997), also known mononymously as Malala, is a Pakistani activist for female education and the youngest Nobel Prize laureate. She is known for human rights advocacy, especially the education of women and children in her native Swat Valley in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, northwest Pakistan, where the local Taliban had at times banned girls from attending school. Her advocacy has grown into an international movement, and according to former Pakistani Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, she has become \"the most prominent citizen\" of the country.Yousafzai was born to a Pashtun family in Mingora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Her family came to run a chain of schools in the region. Considering Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Benazir Bhutto as her role models, she was particularly inspired by her father's thoughts and humanitarian work. In early 2009, when she was 11\u201312, she wrote a blog under a pseudonym for the BBC Urdu detailing her life during the Taliban occupation of Swat. The following summer, journalist Adam B. Ellick made a New York Times documentary about her life as the Pakistani military intervened in the region. She rose in prominence, giving interviews in print and on television, and she was nominated for the International Children's Peace Prize by activist Desmond Tutu.\nOn 9 October 2012, while on a bus in the Swat District, after taking an exam, Yousafzai and two other girls were shot by a Taliban gunman in an assassination attempt in retaliation for her activism; the gunman fled the scene. Yousafzai was hit in the head with a bullet and remained unconscious and in critical condition at the Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, but her condition later improved enough for her to be transferred to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, UK. The attempt on her life sparked an international outpouring of support for Yousafzai. Deutsche Welle reported in January 2013 that Yousafzai may have become \"the most famous teenager in the world\". Weeks after the attempted murder, a group of fifty leading Muslim clerics in Pakistan issued a fatw\u0101 against those who tried to kill her. The Taliban was internationally denounced by governments, human rights organizations and feminist groups. Taliban officials responded to condemnation by further denouncing Yousafzai, indicating plans for a possible second assassination attempt, which was justified as a religious obligation. Their statements resulted in further international condemnation.Following her recovery, Yousafzai became a prominent activist for the right to education. Based in Birmingham, she co-founded the Malala Fund, a non-profit organisation with Shiza Shahid, and in 2013 co-authored I Am Malala, an international best seller. In 2012, she was the recipient of Pakistan's first National Youth Peace Prize and the 2013 Sakharov Prize. In 2014, she was the co-recipient of the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize, along with Kailash Satyarthi of India. Aged 17 at the time, she was the youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate. In 2015, Yousafzai was a subject of the Oscar-shortlisted documentary He Named Me Malala. The 2013, 2014 and 2015 issues of Time magazine featured her as one of the most influential people globally. In 2017, she was awarded honorary Canadian citizenship and became the youngest person to address the House of Commons of Canada. Yousafzai attended Edgbaston High School in England from 2013 to 2017, and is currently studying for a bachelor's degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.", "Q326063": "Leaves' Eyes is a German symphonic metal band from Germany and Norway. They were formed in 2003 by Liv Kristine, the former lead singer of Theatre of Tragedy and the entire line-up of Atrocity. To date, the band has released seven studio albums, a single, six EPs, one live album and a DVD.\nMost of Leaves' Eyes' lyrics, written by Liv Kristine, concern Norse mythology and the Viking Age. The melodic singing vocals of Liv Kristine are occasionally backed up by death growled vocals from Krull, identified under the vocal style Kristine refers to as \"beauty and the beast\".", "Q659332": "Zofingen District is a district in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is located in the southwest corner of the Canton. The seat is Zofingen. The largest municipality in population is Oftringen, the smallest is Wiliberg. It has a population of 71,780 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q193112": "Louis III (863/65 \u2013 5 August 882) was the king of West Francia from 879 until his death in 882. The eldest son of king Louis II and his first wife Ansgarde of Burgundy, he succeeded his father and ruled jointly with his younger brother Carloman II, who became sole ruler after Louis's death. Louis's short reign was marked by military success.\n\n", "Q147425": "Viktor Alekseyevich Zubkov (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u0443\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432, IPA: [\u02c8v\u02b2ikt\u0259r \u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ks\u02b2ej\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 z\u028ap\u02c8kof]; born 15 September 1941) is a Russian politician and businessman who served as the 36th Prime Minister of Russia from September 2007 to May 2008. He was Vladimir Putin's First Deputy Prime Minister during the presidency of Dmitry Medvedev.\nA civil servant who held various positions in the Leningrad Oblast under the Soviet regime, he later served as advisor to Cabinet Ministers. Zubkov was a financial crime investigator until he was nominated on 12 September 2007 by President Vladimir Putin to replace Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov, who had resigned earlier that day. The nomination was approved in the Duma on 14 September 2007. On 7 May 2008 Zubkov's cabinet was automatically dismissed. This procedure, following an inauguration of the President of Russia is required by the Russian Constitution. After Putin became Prime Minister, Zubkov was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia.\nZubkov is also the current chairman of the board of directors of Gazprom, Russia's largest corporation and one of the largest oil and natural gas companies in the world.", "Q1028581": "Guillermo Mart\u00ednez (born 29 July 1962) is an Argentine novelist and short story writer.\nMart\u00ednez was born in Bah\u00eda Blanca, Argentina. He gained a PhD in mathematical logic at the University of Buenos Aires.\nAfter his degree in Argentina, he worked for two years in a postdoctoral position at the Mathematical Institute, Oxford. His most successful novel has been Cr\u00edmenes Imperceptibles (Imperceptible Crimes) known as The Oxford Murders, written in 2003. In the same year, he was awarded the Planeta Prize for this novel, which has been translated into a number of languages. The book has appeared as a film in 2008, directed by Alex de la Iglesia, and starring John Hurt, Elijah Wood, Leonor Watling and Julie Cox.", "Q72316": "Detlev Karsten Rohwedder (16 October 1932 \u2013 1 April 1991) was a German manager and politician, as member of the Social Democratic Party. He was manager of the Treuhandanstalt.\nRohwedder was born in Gotha. While responsible for the privatisation of state-owned property in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR), he was assassinated by a sniper while standing at the window of his house in D\u00fcsseldorf. The West German far-left militant group Red Army Faction (RAF) has claimed responsibility for this act, but the shooter has never been identified.", "Q436759": "Roger Whittaker (born 22 March 1936) is a Kenyan-British singer-songwriter and musician, who was born in Nairobi to English parents. His music is an eclectic mix of folk music and popular songs in addition to radio airplay hits. He is best known for his baritone singing voice and trademark whistling ability as well as his guitar skills.\nHe is widely known for his version of \"Wind Beneath My Wings\" (1982), as well as his own compositions \"Durham Town (The Leavin')\" (1969) and \"I Don't Believe in 'If' Anymore\" (1970). American audiences are most familiar with his 1970 hit \"New World in the Morning\" and his 1975 hit \"The Last Farewell\", the latter of which is his only single to hit the Billboard Hot 100 (it made the Top 20) and also hit No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary chart. His final top-charting hit was \"Albany\", which scored No. 1 in West Germany in 1982.", "Q1347698": "Linus Yale Jr. (April 4, 1821 \u2013 December 25, 1868) was an American mechanical engineer, manufacturer, and co-founder of the Yale Lock Manufacturing Company. He is best known for his inventions of locks, especially the cylinder lock. His basic lock design is still widely distributed today, and constitutes a majority of personal locks and safes.", "Q276126": "Mary Ann Lamb (3 December 1764 \u2013 20 May 1847) was an English writer. She is best known for the collaboration with her brother Charles on the collection Tales from Shakespeare. Lamb suffered from mental illness, and in 1796 she stabbed her mother to death during a mental breakdown. She was confined to mental facilities off and on for most of her life. She and Charles presided over a literary circle in London that included the poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, among others.\n\n", "Q173780": "Andr\u00e9 Kostolany (February 9, 1906 \u2013 September 14, 1999) was a stock market expert, bon vivant and Chevalier de la L\u00e9gion d'Honneur. He worked most of his life in France and Germany.", "Q266335": "Charlotte Rae Lubotsky (April 22, 1926 \u2013 August 5, 2018), known professionally as Charlotte Rae, was an American character actress, comedian, and singer whose career spanned six decades.\nRae was known for her portrayal of Edna Garrett in the sitcoms Diff'rent Strokes and its spin-off, The Facts of Life (in which she had the starring role from 1979\u20131986). She received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Best Actress in a Comedy in 1982. She also appeared in two Facts of Life television movies: The Facts of Life Goes to Paris in 1982 and The Facts of Life Reunion in 2001. She voiced the character of \"Nanny\" in 101 Dalmatians: The Series and Aunt Pristine Figg in Tom and Jerry: The Movie. She also appeared as Gammy Hart in Girl Meets World.\nIn 2015, she returned to film in the feature film Ricki and the Flash, with Meryl Streep, Kevin Kline, and Rick Springfield. In November 2015, Rae released her autobiography, The Facts of My Life, which was co-written with her son, Larry Strauss.", "Q3106777": "Ginjir\u014d Fujiwara (\u85e4\u539f \u9280\u6b21\u90ce, Fujiwara Ginjir\u014d, July 25, 1869 \u2013 March 17, 1960), was an industrialist and politician in the Empire of Japan, serving as a member of the Upper House of the Diet of Japan, advisor to Prime Minister Hideki T\u014dj\u014d, and twice as a cabinet minister. Prior to his political career, he was a central figure in the pre-war Mitsui zaibatsu and president of Oji Paper.\n\n", "Q163593": "Lynn Rene Anderson (September 26, 1947 \u2013 July 30, 2015) was an American country music singer known for a string of hits from the late 1960s to the 1980s, most notably her worldwide mega-hit \"Rose Garden\" (1970). Anderson's crossover appeal and regular exposure on national television helped her become country music's first mainstream female superstar in the early 1970s; taking the genre to venues around the world that previously had not been receptive. In 1970, she became the first female country star to appear on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson and, in 1974, the first to headline and sellout Madison Square Garden in New York City. Anderson was among the most highly awarded female country recording artists of her era, and her version of \"Rose Garden\" stands as one of the most successful crossover recordings of all-time. Anderson charted 12 No. 1, 18 Top 10, and more than 50 Top 40 hit singles. In addition to being named \"Top Female Vocalist\" by the Academy of Country Music (ACM) twice and \"Female Vocalist of the Year\" by the Country Music Association (CMA), she also won a Grammy Award (earning seven nominations), People's Choice Award and an American Music Award (AMA). Record World, one of three major industry trade magazines at the time (Billboard and Cashbox the other two), named Lynn Anderson 'Artist of the Decade' for 1970-80. Additionally, Anderson was the first female country artist to win the American Music Award (1974). All genres combined, she was the #13 music artist of the 1970s according to Joel Whitburn and the highest ranking country artist not yet in the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.\nAccording to Kyle Young, CEO of the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, \"Anderson's television background and her ability to bring show-business dynamism to recordings and concert performances helped her achieve crossover success. With talent and tenacity, the country music star brought increased visibility to the genre.\" She continued to record and remained a popular concert draw until her death, regularly headlining major casino showrooms, performing arts centers, and theaters.", "Q173958": "Edward Scicluna (born October 12, 1946 in Rabat, Malta) is an economist and Finance Minister of Malta. He is a Member of Parliament elected on behalf of the Maltese Labour Party.", "Q70501": "Valeyres-sous-Rances is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q935801": "Gaston Len\u00f4tre (b. May 28, 1920 in Normandy, France \u2013 d. January 8, 2009) was a French pastry chef known as a possible creator of the opera cake (g\u00e2teau op\u00e9ra), the founder of \"Len\u00f4tre\" a culinary empire; whose brand includes restaurants, catering services, retail concerns and cooking schools, and one of the three founders with Paul Bocuse and Roger Verge of Les Chefs de France at EPCOT in Orlando, Florida.", "Q4923474": "Path\u00e9 Records was an international record company and label and producer of phonographs, based in France, and active from the 1890s through the 1930s.", "Q1072843": "Donald Paul Hahn (born November 26, 1955) is an American film producer who is credited with producing some of the most successful animated films in recent history, including The Lion King and Beauty and the Beast, the first animated film to be nominated for the Oscar for Best Picture. He currently is Executive Producer of the Disneynature films, and owns his own film production company, Stone Circle Pictures.", "Q540803": "Psoy Galaktionovich Korolenko (Russian: \u041f\u0441\u043e\u0439 \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; born April 26, 1967) is a pseudonym of a Russian Jewish songwriter and performer by the name of Pavel Eduardovich Lion (Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0438\u043e\u043d). Pavel Lion is also a slavist with a Ph.D. in Russian literature.\nHis pseudonym comes from Vladimir Korolenko, Russian writer (1853\u20131921), whose works are subject of Pavel's research. In university, Korolenko studied under Russian literature historian Nikolai Liban, among others.\nPsoy performs his own and others' songs, accompanying himself to keyboard instruments, mainly a Casio synthesizer in accordion timbre. Experimenting with quite various song traditions he sings in about six or seven languages, most frequently in Russian, Yiddish, English and French.\nFor example, one of Psoy's songs, Buratino, is an a capella rhythmic recitation of the same phrase \u2013 \"Buratino byl tupoy\" (\"Buratino was dumb\") \u2013 which after several repetitions starts to morph into other phrases, eventually shifting into Italian through syllable rearrangement. More phrases are then introduced and \"mixed\" vocally with it. The song is something of a parody of rap and trance music.\nPsoy tours extensively beyond Russian borders, particularly in the United States, Europe and Israel. His music is popular both with adults (especially linguists) and teenagers. He rewrites many songs, and also has translated some songs from Russian to Yiddish. He has collaborated with such musicians as Julian Kytasty, Michael Alpert, and Daniel Kahn & The Painted Bird.", "Q1431541": "Lyc\u00e9e Janson de Sailly is a lyc\u00e9e located in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France. The lyc\u00e9ens of Janson are called les jansoniens and they usually refer to their high school as Janson, or JdS. It is the biggest academic institution in the region: 3,200 boys and girls from 11 to 20 attend classes ranging from junior high school to Classes Pr\u00e9paratoires.", "Q965788": "Gheorghe Emil Ursu (known to friends as Babu; July 1, 1926 \u2013 November 17, 1985) was a Romanian construction engineer, poet, diarist and dissident. A left-wing activist and avant-garde intellectual who joined the Romanian Communist Party as a youth, he was soon after disillusioned with the Communist regime, and became one of its critics. For most of his life, Gheorghe Ursu was active in cultural circles, and maintained contacts with literary and artistic figures.\nUrsu anonymously denounced the policies of Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu, and was kept under surveillance by the country's secret police\u2014the Securitate. A journal in which he recorded his thoughts and opinions was the subject of a denunciation, which eventually led to his arrest. He was beaten to death by cell mates soon after, while in the custody of the Mili\u021bia.\nUrsu's death was a matter of international scandal and, after the Romanian Revolution, the subject of an inquiry initially headed by prosecutor Dan Voinea. Much controversy arose over the new authorities' alleged procrastination, before two former officers were sentenced for instigating his murder. A third one was jailed for confiscating his diary, most of which remains lost.", "Q332770": "Henry Timrod (December 8, 1829 \u2013 October 7, 1867) was an American poet, often called the poet laureate of the Confederacy.", "Q990271": "Troy is a city located in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan, in Metropolitan Detroit's northern suburbs. The population was 80,980 at the 2010 census, making it the 11th-largest city in Michigan by population, and the largest city in Oakland County. Troy has become a business and shopping destination in the Metro Detroit area, with numerous office centers and the upscale Somerset Collection mall.\nIn 2011, Troy was ranked the safest city in Michigan, as well as the 19th safest city in the nation. In 2008, Troy was ranked 22nd on a list of \"Best Places to Live\" in the United States by CNN Money, using criteria including housing, quality of education, economic strength, and recreational opportunities. In 2008, Troy ranked as the fourth most affordable U.S. city with a median household income of approximately $79,000.", "Q76616": "Otto Paul Hermann Diels (German: [di\u02d0ls]; 23 January 1876 \u2013 7 March 1954) was a German chemist. His most notable work was done with Kurt Alder on the Diels\u2013Alder reaction, a method for diene synthesis. The pair was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950 for their work. Their method of synthesizing cyclic organic compounds proved valuable for the manufacture of synthetic rubber and plastic. He completed his education at the University of Berlin, where he later worked. Diels was employed at the University of Kiel when he completed his Nobel Prize\u2013winning work, and remained there until he retired in 1945. Diels was married, with five children. He died in 1954.", "Q230615": "Kelly Rutherford (born November 6, 1968) is an American actress. She is known for her television roles as Stephanie \"Sam\" Whitmore on the NBC daytime soap opera Generations (1989\u20131991), as Megan Lewis on the Fox primetime soap opera Melrose Place (1996\u20131999), and as Lily van der Woodsen on The CW series Gossip Girl (2007\u20132012).", "Q69736": "Georg Friedrich von Reichenbach (24 August 1771 \u2013 21 May 1826), German scientific instrument maker, was born at Durlach in Baden on 24 August 1771.", "Q115363": "Sybil Werden (3 September 1924 \u2013 27 July 2007) was a German dancer and actress during the 1950s.", "Q71179": "Eberhard Christoph Balthasar Freiherr von Danckelmann (23 November 1643 \u2013 31 March 1722) was a German official who served as Prime Minister of Brandenburg-Prussia from 1692\u201397.\nDanckelmann was born in Lingen to a middle-class family which had been raised to nobility by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg. He was educated in the Netherlands, England, France, and Italy. Danckelmann was a tutor of Frederick III and became a leading politician upon Frederick's succession of Frederick William as prince-elector.\nDanckelmann was Oberpr\u00e4sident of the Privy Council and de facto Prime Minister of Brandenburg. He promoted trade, industry, art, and science; during his administration, the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin and the University of Halle were founded, while Andreas Schl\u00fcter was employed as a court architect.\nDanckelmann coordinated the Prussian Army while it covered the lower Rhine during William of Orange's landing in England; the Prussian Field Marshal Schomberg accompanied William to England. Danckelmann also allied Brandenburg-Prussia with the Grand Alliance against King Louis XIV of France. Despite Brandenburg-Prussia's military support for the allies, the state received little at the 1697 Peace of Ryswick.\nDanckelmann was sacked after the peace treaty, but the lack of wartime results was not the only thing that led to his downfall. His stern Calvinism contrasted with pomp of Frederick III's court, and he was disliked by Electress Sophia Charlotte. Frederick also blamed Danckelmann for opposing his goal of acquiring a royal title.\nCharges of corruption were brought against Danckelmann, who was imprisoned for several years and had his property confiscated. He was eventually freed from lack of evidence, but he was relegated to living on a state pension in Berlin. Dodo von Knyphausen was another political scapegoat after Ryswick. The efficient Danckelmann and Knyphausen were succeeded by the three \"W(oes)\", Wartenberg, Wittgenstein, and Wartensleben, under whose leadership Frederick's government began to corrupt.", "Q17639413": "Sons of Liberty is an American television miniseries dramatizing the early American Revolution events in Boston, Massachusetts, the start of the Revolutionary War, and the negotiations of the Second Continental Congress which resulted in drafting and signing the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The three-part miniseries premiered on History on January 25, 2015, directed by Kari Skogland. The theme music was composed by Hans Zimmer.", "Q1411849": "Paul Steven Ripley (January 1, 1950 \u2013 January 3, 2019) was an American recording artist, record producer, songwriter, studio engineer, guitarist, and inventor. He entered the music industry in 1977. He was also the leader/producer of country rock band The Tractors.", "Q583690": "Richard Blackwell (August 29, 1922 \u2013 October 19, 2008) was an American fashion critic, journalist, television and radio personality, artist, former child actor and former fashion designer, sometimes known just as Mr. Blackwell. He was the creator of the \"Ten Worst Dressed Women List\", an annual awards presentation he unveiled in January of each year. He published the \"Fabulous Fashion Independents\" list and an annual Academy Awards fashion review, both of which receive somewhat less media attention. His partner of sixty years, Beverly Hills hairdresser Robert L. Spencer, was also his manager. He wrote two books, Mr. Blackwell: 30 Years of Fashion Fiascos and an autobiography, From Rags to Bitches.\n\n", "Q603028": "Helge M\u00f8lsted Sander (born August 27, 1950) is a Danish politician. He is the former Danish Minister of Science, Technology and Development (Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Denmark) (from November 27, 2001, as member of the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen I, II and III). He is a member of the Liberal Party, and was a member of parliament (Folketinget) from January 10, 1984 to January 31, 1998; and again from 2005.", "Q66405": "Hefenhofen is a municipality in the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q2704774": "Borys Yevhenovych Paton HOU (Ukrainian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0404\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043d) (born November 27, 1918) is the long-term chairman of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. He was appointed to this post in 1962. Paton was re-appointed for another term in office in 2015.", "Q669597": "Robert Samuel Langer, Jr. FREng (born August 29, 1948 in Albany, New York) is an American chemical engineer, scientist, entrepreneur, inventor and one of the twelve Institute Professors at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.He was formerly the Germeshausen Professor of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and maintains activity in the Department of Chemical Engineering and the Department of Biological Engineering at MIT. He is also a faculty member of the Harvard\u2013MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology and the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.\nHe is a widely recognized and cited researcher in biotechnology, especially in the fields of drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. His publications have been cited over 305,000 times and his h-index is 272. According to Google Scholar, Langer is one of the 10 most cited individuals in history. (Tied for 7th most cited in history; he is the 5th most cited of any living individual). He is the most cited engineer in history. Langer's research laboratory at MIT is the largest biomedical engineering lab in the world; maintaining over $10 million in annual grants and over 100 researchers.In 2015, Langer was awarded the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering.", "Q193674": "Henri Troyat (1 November 1911 \u2013 2 March 2007) was a Russian-born French author, biographer, historian and novelist.", "Q23159": "Dorset (; archaically: Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the unitary authority areas of Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole and Dorset. Covering an area of 2,653 square kilometres (1,024 sq mi), Dorset borders Devon to the west, Somerset to the north-west, Wiltshire to the north-east, and Hampshire to the east. The county town is Dorchester which is in the south. After the reorganisation of local government in 1974 the county's border was extended eastward to incorporate the Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch. Around half of the population lives in the South East Dorset conurbation, while the rest of the county is largely rural with a low population density.\nThe county has a long history of human settlement stretching back to the Neolithic era. The Romans conquered Dorset's indigenous Celtic tribe, and during the Early Middle Ages, the Saxons settled the area and made Dorset a shire in the 7th century. The first recorded Viking raid on the British Isles occurred in Dorset during the eighth century, and the Black Death entered England at Melcombe Regis in 1348. Dorset has seen much civil unrest: in the English Civil War, an uprising of vigilantes was crushed by Oliver Cromwell's forces in a pitched battle near Shaftesbury; the doomed Monmouth Rebellion began at Lyme Regis; and a group of farm labourers from Tolpuddle were instrumental in the formation of the trade union movement. During the Second World War, Dorset was heavily involved in the preparations for the invasion of Normandy, and the large harbours of Portland and Poole were two of the main embarkation points. The former was the sailing venue in the 2012 Summer Olympics, and both have clubs or hire venues for sailing, Cornish pilot gig rowing, sea kayaking and powerboating.\nDorset has a varied landscape featuring broad elevated chalk downs, steep limestone ridges and low-lying clay valleys. Over half the county is designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Three-quarters of its coastline is part of the Jurassic Coast Natural World Heritage Site due to its geological and palaeontologic significance. It features notable landforms such as Lulworth Cove, the Isle of Portland, Chesil Beach and Durdle Door. Agriculture was traditionally the major industry of Dorset but is now in decline and tourism has become increasingly important to the economy. There are no motorways in Dorset but a network of A roads cross the county and two railway main lines connect to London. Dorset has ports at Poole, Weymouth and Portland, and an international airport near Bournemouth. The county has a variety of museums, theatres and festivals, and is host to the Great Dorset Steam Fair, one of the biggest events of its kind in Europe. It is the birthplace of Thomas Hardy, who used the county as the principal setting of his novels, and William Barnes, whose poetry celebrates the ancient Dorset dialect.", "Q5587310": "Goshka Macuga (Polish: [\u02c8g\u0254\u0255ka ma\u02c8tsuga]; born 1967 in Warsaw, Poland as Ma\u0142gorzata Macuga) is an artist based in London. She was one of the four nominees for the 2008 Turner Prize.", "Q971925": "Marquis Zeng Jize (Chinese: \u66fe\u7eaa\u6cfd; pinyin : Z\u0113ng J\u00ecz\u00e9; Wade Giles, Tseng Chi-tse) (1839 \u2013 April 12, 1890) was a Qing dynasty Chinese diplomat. As one of China's earliest ministers to London, Paris and Saint Petersburg, he played an important role in the diplomacy that preceded and accompanied the Sino-French War.", "Q937970": "Daniel John Tyminski (born June 20, 1967) is an American bluegrass composer, vocalist, and instrumentalist. He is a member of Alison Krauss's band Union Station, and has released three solo albums, Carry Me Across the Mountain (2000), on the Doobie Shea Records label, Wheels (2008), on the Rounder Records label, and Southern Gothic (2017). on the Mercury Records label.He is known for his updated version of the song \"Man of Constant Sorrow,\" which was featured in the movie O Brother, Where Art Thou? and won the 2001 CMA award for best single as well as a Grammy Award for best Country Collaboration with Vocals (along with Harley Allen and Pat Enright, filling out the vocals for the movie's Soggy Bottom Boys). In total, he has won 14 Grammy Awards for solo and collaborative projects. More recently, he was the vocalist on Avicii's international hit \"Hey Brother\" from the album True.", "Q1152239": "Drag-On is a hip hop recording artist and actor. He is known as an original member of the Ruff Ryders Entertainment imprint, where he released his debut album, Opposite of H2O (2000). The album was successful, debuting at number five on the US Billboard 200 chart and eventually sold over 500,000 copies and earning a gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). After leaving Interscope Records, which issued his debut alongside Ruff Ryders, Drag-On joined Virgin Records and released his second album Hell and Back, in 2004.\nDrag-On has appeared in the 2001 film Exit Wounds and the 2003 Cradle 2 the Grave, both of which stars his then-Ruff Ryders label-mate DMX.", "Q111105": "Karl Hermann Dietrich Lothar Erdmann (12 October 1888 \u2013 18 September 1939) was a German journalist. During the Weimar Republic he was the editor of the trade union theory organ Die Arbeit. He was a main supporter of the turning away of trade unions from social democracy at the end of the Republic. Despite his rapprochement with National Socialism, he died after maltreatment in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.", "Q106479": "Manuela Hannelore \"Ela\" Weber (born 13 March 1966) is a German model, showgirl and actress.", "Q62663": "Willibald Pirckheimer (5 December 1470 \u2013 22 December 1530) was a German Renaissance lawyer, author and Renaissance humanist, a wealthy and prominent figure in Nuremberg in the 16th century, and a member of the governing City Council for two periods. He was the closest friend of the artist Albrecht D\u00fcrer, who made a number of portraits of him, and a close friend of the great humanist and theologian Erasmus. \nBorn in Eichst\u00e4tt, Bavaria, the son of a lawyer, Dr. Johannes Pirckheimer, he was educated in Italy, studying law at Padua and Pavia for seven years. His wife was called Cresencia, and they had at least a daughter, Felicitas. His elder sister Caritas (1467\u20131532) was Abbess of St Clare's Franciscan convent in Nuremberg (also in effect a girls' school for the city's upper class) and was also a gifted classical scholar; D\u00fcrer's life of the Virgin woodcut series was dedicated to her. He probably met D\u00fcrer in 1495.\nHe was a member of a group of Nuremberg humanists including Conrad Celtis, Sebald Schreyer, and Hartmann Schedel (author of the Nuremberg Chronicle). He also was consulted by the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I on literary matters. He translated many classical texts into German (as well as Greek texts into Latin), and was a believer in translating \"by the sense\" rather than over-literally, a great question of the day. Among other works, he edited and had published an edition of Ptolemy's Geographia in 1525. \nIn 1499 Pirckheimer was chosen by the City Council to command their contingent of troops in the Imperial army during the Swabian War against the Swiss. On his return he was presented with a gold cup by the City. This may be referred to in D\u00fcrer's engraving Nemesis of about 1502.\nAs D\u00fcrer had not received a classical education, it is usually assumed that much of the display of classical and humanist learning in his works, especially his prints, reflected his discussions with Pirckheimer. A notable example is Melencolia I. Pirckheimer lent D\u00fcrer the money for his second trip to Italy in 1506/07, and ten letters to him from D\u00fcrer in Italy demonstrate the closeness of the friendship, with much teasing. \nAfter the death in 1560 of the last of D\u00fcrer's immediate family, Pirckheimer's grandson Willibald Imhoff bought the remaining D\u00fcrer collections and papers. Most of Pirckheimer's own library, famous in its day, was sold by another Imhoff descendant to the Earl of Arundel in 1636. Most of the Arundel library was given to the Royal Society in 1678. Some of Pirckheimer's books therefore remain there (85 have been identified), but many more were sold out of the Royal Society, firstly to Bernard Quaritch in 1873, and secondly via Sotheby's in 1925.Pirckheimer died in Nuremberg, aged 60. Like D\u00fcrer, he is buried in the cemetery of the Johannis-kirche in Nuremberg.\nA portrait of Pirckheimer appears on the 100 Billion Mark note issued during Germany's Weimar Republic.", "Q108454": "Marie Baum (23 March 1874\u2013 8 August 1964), was a German politician of the German Democratic Party (DDP) and social activist. She was one of the first female members of the Weimar National Assembly. She was a pioneer within German welfare and workers security.\nMarie Baum was born in Danzig, West Prussia, German Empire (Gda\u0144sk, Poland). She studied chemistry at the University of Z\u00fcrich, where she met Ricarda Huch. From 1897 to 1899 she worked at the ETH Z\u00fcrich, afterwards she moved to Berlin, where she started to engage in politics and social welfare in 1902. In 1919, representing the German Democratic Party, she was elected a member of the Weimar National Assembly for Schleswig-Holstein.", "Q74001": "Sophia Charlotte von Kielmansegg, Countess of Darlington and Countess of Leinster (1675\u20131725) was a German-born courtier. A half-sister of George I of Great Britain, to whom she was close, she moved to England in 1714 shortly after the Hanoverian succession, where she became an influential figure of his court.\n\n", "Q371885": "Mrs. Winterbourne is a 1996 American romantic comedy-drama film starring Shirley MacLaine, Ricki Lake, and Brendan Fraser. It is loosely based on Cornell Woolrich's novel I Married a Dead Man, which has already been filmed in Hollywood as No Man of Her Own (1950) starring Barbara Stanwyck, and in Hindi as Kati Patang (1970) starring Asha Parekh. The film was shot on location in and around Toronto, Ontario including Eaton Hall in King City, Ontario. It was the final production of A&M Films.", "Q797649": "Babette Deutsch (September 22, 1895 \u2013 November 13, 1982) was an American poet, critic, translator, and novelist.", "Q87189": "Fritz Oswald Bilse (31 March 1878 in Kirn, Rhine Province \u2013 1951) was a German novelist, playwright and a lieutenant in the Prussian Army. He also used the pseudonyms Fritz von der Kyrburg and Fritz Wernthal.", "Q485593": "Red Hat, Inc. is an American multinational software company that provides open source software products to the enterprise community. Founded in 1993, Red Hat has its corporate headquarters in Raleigh, North Carolina, with other offices worldwide. It became a subsidiary of IBM on July 9, 2019.Red Hat has become associated to a large extent with its enterprise operating system Red Hat Enterprise Linux. With the acquisition of open-source enterprise middleware vendor JBoss, Red Hat also offers Red Hat Virtualization (RHV), an enterprise virtualization product. Red Hat provides storage, operating system platforms, middleware, applications, management products, and support, training, and consulting services.\nRed Hat creates, maintains, and contributes to many free software projects. It has acquired several proprietary software product codebases through corporate mergers and acquisitions and has released such software under open source licenses. As of March 2016, Red Hat is the second largest corporate contributor to the Linux kernel version 4.14 after Intel.On October 28, 2018, IBM announced its intent to acquire Red Hat for $34 billion. The acquisition closed on July 9, 2019. Red Hat's lead financial adviser in the transaction was Guggenheim Securities.", "Q437321": "Ann-Marie MacDonald (born October 29, 1958) is a Canadian playwright, novelist, actress and broadcast host who lives in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The daughter of a member of Canada's military, she was born at an air force base near Baden-Baden, West Germany. She is of Lebanese descent through her mother.", "Q67733": "Ponte Capriasca is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q181258": "Alonzo Garcelon (May 6, 1813 \u2013 December 8, 1906) was the 36th Governor of Maine, and a surgeon general of Maine during the American Civil War.", "Q389870": "Lady Antebellum is an American country music group formed in Nashville, Tennessee, in 2006. The group is composed of Hillary Scott (lead and background vocals), Charles Kelley (lead and background vocals, guitar), and Dave Haywood (background vocals, guitar, piano, mandolin). Scott is the daughter of country music singer Linda Davis, and Kelley is the brother of pop singer Josh Kelley.\nThe group made its debut in 2007 as guest vocalists on Jim Brickman's single \"Never Alone\", before signing to Capitol Nashville. Lady Antebellum has released six albums for Capitol: Lady Antebellum, Need You Now, Own the Night, Golden, 747, and Heart Break, plus one Christmas album (On This Winter's Night). Their first three albums are certified platinum or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The albums have produced sixteen singles on the Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts, of which nine have reached number one. Their longest-lasting number one single is \"Need You Now\", which spent five weeks at that position in 2009; both that song and 2011's \"Just a Kiss\" reached number one on the Adult Contemporary charts.\nLady Antebellum was awarded Top New Duo or Group by the Academy of Country Music and New Artist of the Year by the Country Music Association in 2008. They were nominated for two Grammy Awards at the 51st Annual Grammy Awards and two more at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards. Of these nominations, they took home the award for Best Country Performance by Duo or Group with Vocals for \"I Run to You\". They were awarded Top Vocal Group, Song of the Year (\"Need You Now\"), and Single of the Year (\"Need You Now\") at the 44th ACM Awards on April 18, 2010. They won five awards at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards, including Song of the Year and Record of the Year for \"Need You Now\". Lady Antebellum also scored \"Best Country Album\" at the 54th Grammy Awards. By August 2013, the group had sold more than 12.5 million digital singles and 10 million albums in the United States.", "Q312488": "Michael von der Heide (born 16 October 1971 in Amden, Switzerland) is a Swiss musician, singer, and actor.", "Q462446": "Chandra Kumar Naranbhai Patel (born 2 July 1938) is an electrical engineer. He developed the carbon dioxide laser in 1963; it is now widely used in industry for cutting and welding, as a laser scalpel in surgery, and in laser skin resurfacing. Because the atmosphere is quite transparent to infrared light, CO2 lasers are also used for military rangefinding using LIDAR techniques.\nPatel was born in Baramati, India, and received a Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) degree from the Government College of Engineering, the University of Pune, India and the M.S. and PhD in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1959 and 1961, respectively. Patel joined Bell Laboratories in 1961, and subsequently became Executive Director of the Research, Materials Science, Engineering and Academic Affairs Division at AT&T Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey, where he developed the carbon dioxide laser. Patel's discovery, in 1963, of the laser action on the vibrational-rotational transitions of carbon dioxide and his discovery, in 1964, of efficient vibrational energy transfer between molecules, led to a series of experiments which demonstrated that the carbon dioxide laser was capable of very high continuous-wave and pulsed power output at very high conversion efficiencies.\nFrom 1993\u20131999, Patel served as vice chancellor for research at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he is also professor of physics and adjunct professor of electrical engineering.In 1996, President Bill Clinton awarded Patel the National Medal of Science, \"[f]or his fundamental contributions to quantum electronics and invention of the carbon dioxide laser, which have had significant impact on industrial, scientific, medical, and defense applications.\" In addition to the carbon dioxide laser, he also developed the \"spin-flip\" infrared Raman laser.Patel currently holds 36 U.S. patents relating to lasers and laser applications. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the National Academy of Sciences, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Physical Society, the IEEE, the Optical Society of America, the Laser Institute of America, the American Society of Laser Medicine and a Senior Fellow of the California Council on Science and Technology.In 2018 C. Kumar N. Patel became an Honorary Member of the American Laser Study Club which a year later named award in his honor.", "Q363271": "David Hattersley Warner (born 29 July 1941) is an English actor and voice actor who has worked in film, television, and theatre. He attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and worked in the theatre before attaining prominence on screen in the early 1960s through his lead performance in the Karel Reisz film Morgan: A Suitable Case for Treatment, for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role.\nWarner has portrayed both romantic leads and villainous characters across a range of media, including The Ballad of Cable Hogue, Straw Dogs, Cross of Iron, The Omen, Holocaust, The Thirty Nine Steps, Time After Time, Time Bandits, Tron, A Christmas Carol, Portrait in Evil, Titanic, Mary Poppins Returns and various characters in the Star Trek franchise, in the films Star Trek V: The Final Frontier and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, and the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation.\nIn 1981, he won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Special for his portrayal of Pomponius Falco in the television miniseries Masada.", "Q26009": "Janne Johannes Puurtinen (born 17 October 1974), better known as Burton or Emerson Burton, is a Finnish musician. He is best known as the keyboardist of the Finnish gothic rock band HIM, with whom he has released six studio albums, and have gone on to become one of the most commercially successful Finnish bands of all time. Outside of HIM, Burton has performed and recorded with various bands, including Daniel Lioneye, Suburban Tribe and Torpedo.", "Q237152": "M\u00f3nica Cruz S\u00e1nchez (born 16 March 1977) is a Spanish actress, dancer and fashion designer. She is the younger sister of actress Pen\u00e9lope Cruz. She has appeared in films The Inquiry (2006), Last Hour (2008), Jerry Cotton (2010) and Iron Cross (2011).", "Q443488": "Jennifer Proske (born August 8, 1987) is a Canadian American actress, best known for portraying Becca Crane in the film Vampires Suck.", "Q105158": "Christophe Guy Denis Lambert (; French: [l\u0251\u0303b\u025b\u0281]; born 29 March 1957), known professionally as Christopher Lambert, is a French American actor, novelist, and producer. He started his career playing supporting parts in several French films, and became internationally famous with the role of Tarzan in Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes in 1984. For his performance in the 1985 film Subway, Lambert received the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actor. His best-known role is Connor MacLeod in the 1986 cult adventure-fantasy film Highlander and the subsequent movie franchise series of the same name. He also played the thunder god Raiden in the first film adaptation of the video game Mortal Kombat (1995). Other films he is known for are I Love You (1986), The Sicilian (1987), Knight Moves (1992), Fortress (1992) and its sequel Fortress 2: Re-Entry (2000), Druids (2001), Absolon (2003), White Material (2009), Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance (2011), Kickboxer: Retaliation (2016), and for producing N'oublie pas que tu vas mourir, (1995), the French comedy film Neuf Mois (1994) and its American remake Nine Months (1995).", "Q344816": "Jean Denis, comte Lanjuinais (12 March 1753 \u2013 13 January 1827), was a French politician, lawyer, jurist, journalist, and historian.", "Q144662": "A sports agent is a legal representative (hence agent) for professional sports figures such as athletes and coaches. They procure and negotiate employment and endorsement contracts for the athlete or coach whom they represent.\nBecause of the unique characteristics of the sports industry, sports agents are responsible for communications with team owners, managers, and other individuals. Also, they are responsible for making recommendations. In addition to finding income sources, agents often handle public relations matters for their clients. In some large sports agencies, such as IMG, Creative Artists Agency, Roc Nation Sports and Octagon, agents deal with all aspects of a client's finances, from investment to filing taxes.\nSports agents may be relied upon by their clients for guidance in all business aspects, and sometimes even more broadly. For example, hockey agents start recruiting clients as young as 15, allowing the agent to guide the athlete's career before the NHL draft, which happens usually at 18 years of age.\nDue to the length and complexity of contracts, many sports agents are lawyers or have a background in contract law. Agents are expected to be knowledgeable about finance, business management, and financial and risk analysis, as well as sports. It is important for a sports agent to follow trends in sports. Other skills an agent must possess are excellent communication and negotiation skills. Agents must be highly motivated, willing to work long hours, and capable of multitasking. It is very common for agents to be in negotiations on behalf of several clients at one time.Some agents are part of large companies, and some are on their own. The number of clients an individual agent can handle and how many clients his or her employing agency can handle in total are interdependent variables.\nBefore the 1990s, most football players did not use agents. In some cases, they used their parents as agents. Because of most parents' naivety about the football business, these young footballers were often given less-than-stellar contracts by football clubs, which yielded lower salaries than they thought they deserved. In Sweden, there were only three licensed agents in 1995. As of 2002, there were 33. According to FIFA, there were 5,187 licensed association football agents worldwide, with 600 agents in Italy alone. Since 2001, agents have not been licensed by FIFA. Instead, agents are now licensed directly by each association.\nSports agents generally receive between 4 and 10% of the athlete's playing contract, and 10 to 20% of the athlete's endorsement contract, although these figures vary. NFL agents are not permitted to receive more than 3%, and NBA agents not more than 4%, of their client's playing contracts.", "Q464037": "Caresse Crosby (born Mary Phelps Jacob; April 20, 1891 \u2013 January 24, 1970) was the first recipient of a patent for the modern bra, an American patron of the arts, publisher, and the \"literary godmother to the Lost Generation of expatriate writers in Paris.\" She and her second husband, Harry Crosby, founded the Black Sun Press, which was instrumental in publishing some of the early works of many authors who would later become famous, among them Ernest Hemingway, Archibald MacLeish, Henry Miller, Ana\u00efs Nin, Kay Boyle, Charles Bukowski, Hart Crane, and Robert Duncan.\nCrosby's parents, William Hearn Jacob and Mary (n\u00e9e Phelps) Jacob, were both descended from American colonial families\u2014her father from the Van Rensselaer family, and her mother from William Phelps. In 1915, Mary (nicknamed Polly) married Richard R. Peabody, another blue-blooded Bostonian whose family had arrived in New Hampshire in 1635. They had two children, but while her husband was away at war, she met Harry Crosby, who was 7 years her junior, at a picnic in 1920. They had sex within two weeks and their public affair scandalized proper Boston society. After Richard returned from his service in World War I, he returned to drinking; his favorite pastime was to watch buildings burn. Two years later, he granted Polly a divorce, and Harry and Polly were married. They immediately left for Europe, where they joined the Lost Generation of American expatriates. They embraced a bohemian and decadent lifestyle, living off Harry's trust fund of US$12,000 a year (or about $179,000 in today's dollars), had an open marriage with numerous ongoing affairs, a suicide pact, frequent drug use, wild parties, and long trips abroad. At her husband's urging, Polly took the name Caresse in 1924. In 1925, they began publishing their own poetry as \u00c9ditions Narcisse in exquisitely printed, limited-edition volumes. In 1927, they re-christened the business as the Black Sun Press.In 1929, one of her husband's affairs culminated in his death as part of a murder-suicide or double suicide. His death was marked by scandal as the newspapers speculated wildly about whether Harry shot his lover or not. Caresse returned to Paris, where she continued to run the Black Sun Press. With the prospect of war looming, she left Europe in 1936 and married Selbert Young, an unemployed, alcoholic actor 16 years her junior. They lived on a Virginia plantation they rehabilitated outside Washington, D.C., until she divorced him. She moved to Washington, D.C. and began a long-term love affair with black actor-boxer Canada Lee, despite the threat of miscegenation laws. She founded Women Against War and continued, after World War II, to try to establish a Center for World Peace at Delphi, Greece. When rebuffed by Greek authorities, she purchased Castello di Rocca Sinibalda, a 15th-century castle north of Rome, which she used to support an artists' colony. She died of pneumonia related to heart disease in Rome, in 1970.\n\n", "Q4679363": "Adam Kazimierz Kolawa (June 25, 1957 \u2013 April 26, 2011) was CEO and co-founder of Parasoft, a software company in Monrovia, CA that makes software development tools.\n\n", "Q65124": "Othmarsingen is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q136592": "Man of a Thousand Faces is a 1957 film detailing the life of silent movie actor Lon Chaney, in which the title role is played by James Cagney.\nDirected by Joseph Pevney, the film's cast included James Cagney, Dorothy Malone, Jane Greer and Jim Backus. Chaney's grown son was played by Roger Smith, later the star of television's 77 Sunset Strip, and studio chief Irving Thalberg was portrayed by Robert Evans, who soon left acting and eventually became head of Paramount Pictures. The film's four writers were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay at the 30th Academy Awards.", "Q2915506": "The Miami metropolitan area, also known as the Greater Miami Area or South Florida, is the 72nd largest metropolitan area in the world and the seventh-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Located in southeastern Florida with 6,198,782 inhabitants as of 2018, the Miami metropolitan area is the most populous in Florida and second largest in the southeastern United States. It extends about 120 miles (190 km) from north to south.\nThe metropolitan area is defined by the Office of Management and Budget as the Miami\u2013Fort Lauderdale\u2013West Palm Beach, FL (MSA), consisting of Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties, a metropolitan statistical area used for statistical purposes by the United States Census Bureau and other agencies. Its land area is 6,137 sq. mi (15,890 km2).\nMiami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties are the first, second, and third most populous counties in Florida, and Miami-Dade, with 2,761,581 people in 2018, is the seventh most populous county in the United States. The three counties together are known as the Greater Miami Area and have principal cities including Miami, Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach, Hialeah, Pembroke Pines and Boca Raton. Besides its association with the South Florida region, which includes the Everglades and the Florida Keys, it is also synonymous with an area known collectively as the \"Gold Coast\".\nThe Census Bureau also defines a wider region based on commuting patterns, the Miami\u2013Fort Lauderdale\u2013Port St. Lucie, FL Combined Statistical Area (CSA), with an estimated population of 6,723,472 in 2016. This includes the four additional counties of Martin, St. Lucie, Indian River, and Okeechobee.Because the population of South Florida is largely confined to a strip of land between the Atlantic Ocean and the Everglades, the Miami urbanized area (that is, the area of contiguous urban development) is about 100 miles (160 km) long (north to south), but never more than 20 miles (32 km) wide, and in some areas only 5 miles (8.0 km) wide (east to west). The Miami metropolitan statistical area is longer than any other urbanized area in the United States except for the New York metropolitan area. It was the eighth most densely populated urbanized area in the United States in the 2000 census.As of the 2000 census, the urbanized area had a land area of 1,116 square miles (2,890 km2), with a population of 4,919,036, for a population density of 4,407.4 per square mile (1,701.7 per square kilometer). Miami and Hialeah (the second largest city in the metropolitan area) had population densities of more than 10,000 per square mile (more than 3,800 per square kilometer). The Miami Urbanized Area was the fourth largest urbanized area in the United States in the 2010 census.\nThe Miami metropolitan area also includes several urban clusters (UCs) as of the 2000 Census which are not part of the Miami Urbanized Area. These are the Belle Glade UC, population 24,218, area 20,717,433 square meters and population density of 3027.6 per square mile; Key Biscayne UC, population 10,513, area 4,924,214 square meters and population density of 5529.5 per square mile; Redland UC, population 3,936, area 10,586,212 square meters and population density of 963.0 per square mile; and West Jupiter UC, population 8,998, area 24,737,176 square meters and population density of 942.1 per square mile.", "Q311181": "Takamasa Ishihara (\u77f3\u539f \u5d07\u96c5, Ishihara Takamasa, born September 14, 1981), better known by his stage name Miyavi (stylized as MIYAVI), is a Japanese guitarist, singer-songwriter, record producer and actor known for his finger-slapping style of playing a guitar.He has been active since 1999, first as guitarist for the now defunct visual kei rock band Du\u00e9 le quartz and then as a solo artist starting in 2002. In 2007, he became a member of the rock supergroup S.K.I.N. and in 2009 founded his own company, J-glam. He toured worldwide several times, with over 250 shows in 30 countries as of 2015. As of 2016, he released ten solo albums and 27 singles.\nIn 2014, Miyavi appeared in the motion picture Unbroken, directed by Angelina Jolie and went on to undertake smaller roles in American productions such as Kong: Skull Island and Stray. Since 2013, Miyavi has been a volunteer at UNHCR, visiting refugee camps around the world. In November 2017, he was appointed an official Goodwill Ambassador.", "Q98081": "Peter \"Pe\" Schorowsky (born 15 June 1964, in H\u00f6sbach) was a founding member of the B\u00f6hse Onkelz. He played drums until the band's split in 2005.\n\n", "Q813144": "Beate Hartinger-Klein (born Beate Hartinger on 9 September 1959 in Graz) is an Austrian healthcare and insurance manager, educator, and politician. She was a member of the National Council from 1999 to 2002. From December 2017 to May 2019, she served as the minister of social affairs in the first Kurz government. Hartinger-Klein is a member of the Freedom Party of Austria.", "Q52950": "Baron Louis Gerard De Geer of Finsp\u00e5ng (18 July 1818 \u2013 24 September 1896) was a Swedish statesman and writer. He was born at Finsp\u00e5ng Castle in Risinge parish. He was a lawyer, and in 1855 became president of the G\u00f6ta hovr\u00e4tt, or lord justice for the appellate court of G\u00f6taland. From 7 April 1858 to 3 June 1870 he was Prime Minister for Justice and again from 11 May 1875 to 20 March 1876. As a member of the nobility, he took part in the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates from 1851 onwards. From 1867 to 1878 he was the member for Stockholm in the first chamber in the New Riksdag, where he introduced and passed many useful reforms.", "Q110233": "Tigran Suren Sargsyan (Armenian: \u054f\u056b\u0563\u0580\u0561\u0576 \u054d\u0578\u0582\u0580\u0565\u0576\u056b \u054d\u0561\u0580\u0563\u057d\u0575\u0561\u0576, born 29 January 1962) is an Armenian political figure who was Prime Minister of Armenia from 2008 to 2014. Previously he was Chairman of the Central Bank of Armenia from 1998 to 2008. After leaving office as Prime Minister, he served as Ambassador to the United States from 2014 to 2016, and he has been Chairman of the board of the Eurasian Economic Commission since 2016.", "Q917450": "Premiata Forneria Marconi (PFM) (translation: Award-winning Marconi Bakery) is an Italian progressive rock band founded in 1970 and which continues to the present day. They were the first Italian group to have success internationally. The group recorded five albums with English lyrics between 1973 and 1977. During this period they entered both the British and American charts. They also had several successful European and American tours, playing at the popular Reading Festival in England and on a very popular national television program in the United States.\nPFM introduced new sounds, such as the synthesizer, to the Italian musical world. They were also among the first to combine symphonic classical and traditional Italian musical influences in a rock music context. Such innovations and their longevity have earned PFM a place among the most important bands in the Progressive rock genre.", "Q14905": "Leinfelden-Echterdingen is a town in the district of Esslingen, in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is located approximately 10 km south of Stuttgart, near the Stuttgart Airport and directly adjacent to the newly built Stuttgart Trade Fair. It was formed on January 1, 1975 by the merging of four towns - Leinfelden, Echterdingen, Stetten and Musberg. Zeppelin LZ 4 caught fire and burned out in Echterdingen in August 1908.", "Q151509": "Abdulaziz ibn Abdul Rahman ibn Faisal ibn Turki ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al Saud (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e, Abd al-'Az\u012bz ibn 'Abd ar-Ra\u1e25man \u0100l Sa'\u016bd; 15 January 1875 \u2013 9 November 1953), usually known within the Arab world as Abdulaziz and in the West as Ibn Saud, was the first monarch and founder of Saudi Arabia, the \"third Saudi state\".He reconquered his family's ancestral home city of Riyadh in 1902, starting three decades of conquests that made him the ruler of nearly all of central and north Arabia. He consolidated his control over the Najd in 1922, then conquered the Hejaz in 1925. He extended his dominions into what later became the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932. As King, he presided over the discovery of petroleum in Saudi Arabia in 1938 and the beginning of large-scale oil production after World War II. He fathered many children, including 45 sons, and all of the subsequent kings of Saudi Arabia.", "Q214953": "Roman Osipovich Rosdolsky (Ukrainian: \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d \u041e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 Roman Osipovi\u010d Rozdol's'kyj) (Lemberg, July 19, 1898 \u2013 Detroit, October 20, 1967) was an important Ukrainian Marxian scholar and political revolutionary.", "Q321042": "Jean-Luc Lagard\u00e8re (10 February 1928, Aubiet \u2013 14 March 2003, Paris) was a major French businessman, CEO of the Lagard\u00e8re Group, one of the largest French conglomerates.\nJean-Luc Lagard\u00e8re was a Supelec engineer. He began his career in Dassault Aviation. CEO of Matra in the 1960s, he became famous with success in Formula One and Le Mans. He later built a large media and defense conglomerate that bears his name. He was a member of the Saint-Simon Foundation think-tank.\nIn 1981, with his friend Daniel Filipacchi, he purchased Hachette magazines, which included the French TV Guide (Tele 7 Jours), and the then-struggling Elle magazine. Elle was then launched in the U.S., followed by 25 foreign editions. Filipacchi and Lagard\u00e8re then expanded Hachette Filipacchi Magazines in the U.S. with the purchase of Diamandis Communications Inc. (formerly CBS magazines), including Woman's Day, Car and Driver, Road and Track, Flying, Boating, and many others.\nHe was married to Bethy Lagard\u00e8re, whose birth name is Elizabeth Pimenta Lucas (Belo Horizonte, 29 March 1949), a socialite and former Brazilian model who settled in France.", "Q367017": "Kenneth Colley (born 7 December 1937) is an English film and television actor whose career spans 50 years. He came to wider prominence through his role as Admiral Piett in the Star Wars films The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi.", "Q96912": "Heinz Piontek (15 November 1925 \u2013 26 October 2003) was a German writer. In 1976, he was awarded the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize by the Deutsche Akademie f\u00fcr Sprache und Dichtung for his literary oeuvre with the words \"einem Lyriker, der Farbe, Melos und Kontur zu vereinen wei\u00df; einem Essayisten, der sich dem dichten und zugleich schwingenden Satz hingibt; einem Erz\u00e4hler, der Zeit, Umwelt und Schicksal hereinzieht, ohne sich ihnen anders als in pers\u00f6nlich gef\u00e4rbter Sprache und Gestalt zu unterwerfen\". [To a lyricist who knows how to join colour, melody and contour; an essayist who is devoted to dense and likewise light sentences; a narrator who employs time, environment and fate without submitting to them other than by a personally tuned language and shape.", "Q524407": "Heppenheim (Bergstra\u00dfe) is the seat of Bergstra\u00dfe district in Hesse, Germany, lying on the Bergstra\u00dfe on the edge of the Odenwald.\n\n", "Q21964258": "Cosmic Girls (Korean: \uc6b0\uc8fc\uc18c\ub140; RR: Uju Sonyeo; Chinese: \u5b87\u5b99\u5c11\u5973), also known as WJSN, is a South Korean-Chinese girl group formed by Starship Entertainment and Yuehua Entertainment. The group debuted on February 25, 2016 with the extended play Would You Like? and with twelve members: Seola, Xuanyi, Bona, Exy, Soobin, Luda, Dawon, Eunseo, Cheng Xiao, Meiqi, Yeoreum and Dayoung. In July 2016, Cosmic Girls added a thirteenth member, Yeonjung, to the group.", "Q167905": "Zazie in the Metro (original French title: Zazie dans le M\u00e9tro, sometimes called Zazie) is a 1960 French film directed by Louis Malle, based on the novel by Raymond Queneau. Frequently surreal, and full of visual and verbal jokes, the intricate plot follows a group of protean characters around a crowded Paris during a M\u00e9tro strike.", "Q89832": "Farid El Abdellaoui (Arabic: \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u200e, born 4 June 1986), known professionally as Farid Bang, is a German rapper of Moroccan descent. He is currently the owner of the label Banger Musik.", "Q611362": "Ant\u00f3nio Rodrigues Sampaio (S\u00e3o Bartolomeu do Mar, Esposende, 25 July 1806 \u2014 Sintra, 13 September 1882) was a Portuguese politician and the President of the Council of Ministers from 25 March to 14 November 1881.\n\n", "Q3538446": "Trenor William Park (December 13, 1882 \u2013 December 8, 1923) was an American lawyer, political figure, and businessman.\nBorn in Woodford, Vermont, Park studied law as a teenager, and attained admission to the bar at age 21, as soon as he was legally eligible. He practiced in Bennington until 1852. Park was also a businessman, and invested in lumbering and other ventures. In 1846 he married Laura Van Der Spiegle Hall, whose father Hiland Hall had served as a Congressman and Governor of Vermont. In 1851, Hall was named Chairman of the U.S. Land Commission that settled Mexican land titles after the annexation of California. He relocated to San Francisco, and Park went with him.\nIn California, Park practiced law and was a founder of the Halleck, Peachy, Billings & Park firm. He continued to pursue business opportunities, including real estate and mining, and became the manager of John C. Fr\u00e9mont's Rancho Las Mariposas gold mine. Park faced temporary financial setbacks during the Panic of 1857, but recovered and became very wealthy. When the Republican Party was organized in the mid-1850s, Park won election as the first Chairman of the state party's Central Committee.\nPark returned to Vermont in 1864, and continued to practice law and pursue investments in a variety of businesses while also maintaining a residence in New York City. He also served as a member of the Vermont House of Representatives and Vermont's member of the Republican National Committee. Park was a candidate for the 1874 Republican nomination for Governor, but withdrew in favor of Asahel Peck, who went on to win the general election.\nA noted civic activist and philanthropist, Park's donations included Bennington's public library, the building and land for the Vermont Soldiers' Home, and the University of Vermont's Park Gallery of Art, which later became part of the university's Robert Hull Fleming Museum. Park died at sea in 1882, and was buried first at Brooklyn, New York's Green-Wood Cemetery, and later at Bennington's Old Cemetery.", "Q328066": "Ludwig \"Louis\" Paul Lochner (February 22, 1887 \u2013 January 8, 1975) was an American political activist, journalist, and author. In World War I Lochner was a leading figure in the American and international anti-war movement. Later he served for many years as head of the Berlin bureau of Associated Press, best remembered for his work there as a foreign correspondent. Lochner was awarded the 1939 Pulitzer Prize for correspondence for his wartime reporting from Nazi Germany. In December 1941 Lochner was interned by the Nazis and later released in a prisoner exchange.", "Q649109": "James Craig Adamson (born March 3, 1946) is a former NASA astronaut and retired Colonel of the United States Army. He is married with 3 children. James Adamson flew on two missions, STS-28 and STS-43, and completed 263 orbits and 334 hours in space. After retiring from NASA, he was recruited by Allied Signal (later merged with Honeywell) where he retired in 2001. Adamson has logged over 3,000 hours in over 30 different types of helicopters and airplanes.", "Q1673090": "Samuel Moore (born July 17, 1939), who performs and records as Ironing Board Sam, is an American electric blues keyboardist, singer and songwriter, who has released a small number of singles and albums. His musical career, despite several low points, has spanned over fifty years, and he released a new album in 2012. \"I'll tell you one thing, it's the blues,\" he stated. \"That's why I look like a blues man now.\"One commentator, describing Ironing Board Sam's 1996 album, Human Touch, noted that he \"has a surprisingly smooth and effective croon and his piano playing, while subdued, is still remarkable.\"", "Q435278": "Robert Dennis Crumb (; born August 30, 1943) is an American cartoonist and musician who often signs his work R. Crumb. His work displays a nostalgia for American folk culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and satire of contemporary American culture.\nCrumb is a prolific artist and contributed to many of the seminal works of the underground comix movement in the 1960s, including being a founder of the first successful underground comix publication, Zap Comix, contributing to all 16 issues. He was additionally contributing to the East Village Other and many other publications, including a variety of one-off and anthology comics. During this time, inspired by psychedelics and cartoons from the 1920s and 1930s, he introduced a wide variety of characters that became extremely popular, including countercultural icons Fritz the Cat and Mr. Natural, and the images from his Keep on Truckin' strip. Sexual themes abounded in all these projects, often shading into scatological and pornographic comics. In the mid-1970s, he contributed to the Arcade anthology; following the decline of the underground, he moved towards biographical and autobiographical subjects while refining his drawing style, a heavily crosshatched pen-and-ink style inspired by late 19th- and early 20th-century cartooning. Much of his work appeared in a magazine he founded, Weirdo (1981\u20131993), which was one of the most prominent publications of the alternative comics era. As his career progressed, his comic work became more autobiographical.\nIn 1991, Crumb was inducted into the comic book industry's Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame. He is married to cartoonist Aline Kominsky-Crumb, with whom he has frequently collaborated. Their daughter Sophie Crumb has also followed a cartooning career.", "Q50821": "Ernst Ludwig von Aster (October 5, 1778 - February 10, 1855) was a German officer and a highly decorated Prussian, Saxon and Russian general of the German Campaign of 1813 and the War of the Seventh Coalition. \nHe took part in fortifying several fortresses, including in Cologne, Pozna\u0144 and K\u00f6nigsberg. In his honor, in the Pozna\u0144 Fortress and Koblenz Fortress have been given for forts names from surname Aster.", "Q76158": "Carolina Micha\u00eblis de Vasconcelos, born Karoline Michaelis (March 15, 1851 \u2013 November 18, 1925) was a German-Portuguese romanist.", "Q3573137": "Yuji Don Okumoto (\u96c4\u4e8c\u30fb\u30c9\u30f3\u30fb\u5965\u672c, Y\u016bji Don Okumoto, born April 20, 1959) is an American actor and filmmaker best known for his intimidating movie roles, primarily as a villain, such as Chozen Toguchi in The Karate Kid Part II. His other films include Aloha Summer, Nemesis, Pearl Harbor and The Truman Show, as well as guest roles on television series such as T.J. Hooker, Knots Landing, Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman and Bones.\n\n", "Q454692": "Alex or Aleck Miller (n\u00e9 Ford, possibly December 5, 1912 \u2013 May 24, 1965), known later in his career as Sonny Boy Williamson, was an American blues harmonica player, singer and songwriter. He was an early and influential blues harp stylist who recorded successfully in the 1950s and 1960s. Miller used various names, including Rice Miller and Little Boy Blue, before calling himself Sonny Boy Williamson, which was also the name of a popular Chicago blues singer and harmonica player. To distinguish the two, Miller has been referred to as Sonny Boy Williamson II.\nHe first recorded with Elmore James on \"Dust My Broom\". Some of his popular songs include \"Don't Start Me Talkin'\", \"Help Me\", \"Checkin' Up on My Baby\", and \"Bring It On Home\". He toured Europe with the American Folk Blues Festival and recorded with English rock musicians, including the Yardbirds, the Animals, and Jimmy Page. \"Help Me\" became a blues standard, and many blues and rock artists have recorded his songs.", "Q962971": "Baron Timme Rosenkrantz (July 6, 1911 \u2013 August 11, 1969) was a Danish aristocrat, author and jazz enthusiast.\nRosenkrantz was an early supporter of African American jazz musicians and promoted many concerts and recordings. He also produced a 1938 session for the Victor label, assembling Rex Stewart, Don Byas, Russell Procope, Tyree Glenn, Jo Jones and others as Timme Rosenkrantz and His Barrelhouse Barons. His private 1944 acetates of Erroll Garner, which subsequently saw release on Blue Note and other labels, were the pianist's first recordings. Rosenkrantz organized the 1946 European tour of an all-star band led by Don Redman, the first American jazz group to visit Copenhagen and Stockholm after World War II. A man of great humor, Rosenkrantz wrote witty short stories and vignettes for a number of publications, including Esquire magazine.\nHis collection of jazz music (concentrated on the Swing Era) is placed in the Jazz collections at the University Library of Southern Denmark, Odense.\nBefore Timme died, he wrote down his memories in a Danish book and in several Danish and English articles. Fradley Garner, International Editor of Jersey Jazz and friend of Timme's, has translated and edited the Baron's memoirs for the English-speaking world. The resulting book, Harlem Jazz Adventures, is now available via the book's website at JazzBaron.com.", "Q78175": "Erich Vagts (9 February 1896, Cuxhaven \u2013 20 February 1980, Bremen) was a German politician. In 1945 he was the 1st President of the Senate and Mayor of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen.\nAfter finishing his final exams at the German secondary school Erich Vagts became a soldier during the First World War. In 1919 he began his studies of law and political science at the University of T\u00fcbingen and the University of Kiel. Vagts did not finish his studies but became director of a consortium of farmers in G\u00fcstrow which was typical for Germany in the time after the First World War. After his return to Bremen in 1925 Vagts began his political career. He became chief executive officer of the German National People's Party, the Deutschnationale Volkspartei (DNVP). From 1928 Vagts belonged to the B\u00fcrgerschaft of Bremen (city-state parliament). In 1931 Erich Vagts became chairman of the DNVP and two years later he was elected to the position of a senator for the health resort in the city state of Bremen.\nOn September 30, 1933 Vagts left the Senate of Bremen and became President of a supervising body for the villages in Bremen. He expanded his influence in 1938 as a representative of the region of Oldenburg in the German Reich.\nOn May 5, 1945 the allied forces appointed Vagts to provisional mayor, on June 6 to the Mayor of Bremen.\nAfter a political affair involving communistic and social democratic senators he was removed from office and arrested for 6 months. His successor became Wilhelm Kaisen, a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany SPD.\nIn 1933 Vagts became President of the philharmonic society and was put in charge of the musical events in the municipal city of Bremen. He gave up the position in 1938/1939.", "Q4719483": "Alexander John MacRae (25 December 1889 \u2013 30 November 1938) was a sports entrepreneur and clothing manufacturer. Born in Scotland, he emigrated to Australia where, in 1914, he founded the company that became the swimwear giant Speedo.", "Q67055": "Massagno is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q3369320": "Patrick Cescau (born 27 September 1948) is a French businessman and a former chief executive of Unilever Group. He was the first combined chief executive of the English (originally Lever Brothers) and Dutch parts (originally Margarine Unie) of Unilever. Since 2013, he has served as the chairman of the InterContinental Hotels Group.", "Q279229": "Amy Elizabeth Price-Francis (born 16 September 1975) is a British-Canadian actress. She starred as Detective Jessica King on the Showcase drama, King.", "Q38545": "Adana (pronounced [a\u02c8da.na]; Armenian: \u0531\u0564\u0561\u0576\u0561; Ancient Greek: \u0386\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1, Arabic: \u0623\u0636\u0646\u0629\u200e) is a major city in southern Turkey. The city is situated on the Seyhan river, 35 km (22 mi) inland from the Mediterranean, in south-central Anatolia. It is the administrative seat of the Adana Province and has a population of 1.77 million, making it the 5th most populated city in Turkey. The Adana-Mersin metropolitan area, with a population of 3 million, stretches over 70 km (43 mi) east-west and 25 km (16 mi) north-south; encompassing the cities of Mersin, Tarsus and Adana. \nAdana lies in the heart of Cilicia, a distinct geographical region alternatively known as \u00c7ukurova. Home to six million people, Cilicia is one of the largest population concentrations in Turkey, as well as the most agriculturally productive area, owing to its large stretch of flat, fertile land. The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay. Adding the large population centers surrounding Cilicia, more than 10 million people reside within 2-hours drive from the Adana city center.\nThroughout the history, Adana were a market town at the Cilicia plain and one of the gateways from Europe to the Middle East, as it provided the only access on the wide Seyhan river. The city turned into a power house of Cilicia with the Turkic takeover in 1359. The city remained as the capital of the Ramadanid Emirate until 1608, and then the regional administrative center for the Ottoman Empire, Turkey, and shortly for the French Cilicia. Economically a modest town until 1861 with a population of roughly 15000, the city boomed with the breakdown of the American Civil War, as becoming a new center for supplying cotton and cotton related products to Europe. Traditionally a town populated by Armenians and Turks; influx of Armenians, Turks, Greeks, Jews and Alawites at this period, made the city one of the most diverse cities of Anatolia. Economic, social and cultural growth were halted by the Adana massacre, the Armenian Genocide and the Greco-Turkish population exchange, all devastated the city in the early 20th century. After the eviction of Armenians and Greeks, most of the city's private properties were confiscated in 1923 and were granted to the Muslim/Turks who recently had migrated into the city. After a standstill period, city's economy again boomed in 1950s with the construction of the Seyhan Dam, and the growth continued until 1980s.\nAdana in the 21st century, are a center for regional trade, healthcare, public and private services. Agriculture and logistics are significant sectors of the city. Economic decline caused by national policies and de-industrialization since 1990s is reversing, as the city is gaining momentum with the fairs, festivals and entertainment life. Though not competing at the top level, the rivalry between the city's football clubs, Adanaspor and Adana Demirspor, is getting national attraction as being the only citywide derby of Turkey that is rooted in socio-economic divisions.", "Q707266": "Mid\u2019hat Frash\u00ebri (also known by his nom de plume as Lumo Sk\u00ebndo; Turkish: Fra\u015ferli Mithat Bey; 25 March 1880, Janina, Janina Vilayet, Ottoman Empire \u2013 3 October 1949, Long Island, New York) was an Albanian diplomat, writer and politician. The son of Abdyl Frash\u00ebri, one of the most important activists of the Albanian National Awakening in 1908 he participated in the Congress of Monastir. In 1942 he became the president of Balli Komb\u00ebtar (National Front) and collaborated with German forces while his cousin became the prime minister of the puppet government of Albania. Frash\u00ebri was one among others, a father of Albanian Nationalism.", "Q499838": "Virginia \"Vicky\" Pel\u00e1ez Ocampo (born 1956 in Cuzco, Peru) is a Peruvian journalist and columnist, currently for The Moscow News newspaper. She is known for pleading guilty on 8 July 2010 for working in the United States as an unregistered foreign agent for Russia. She is also known for her leftist writings in El Diario La Prensa, a New York City Spanish language newspaper. Prior to working in the United States, Pel\u00e1ez was one of the first female television reporters in Peru where she reported for Frecuencia Latina.", "Q473239": "Michael Richard Pompeo (; born December 30, 1963) is an American politician, diplomat, businessman, and attorney who, since April 2018, has served as 70th United States secretary of state. He is a former United States Army officer and was Director of the Central Intelligence Agency from January 2017 until April 2018.\nPompeo was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 2011 to 2017, representing Kansas's 4th congressional district. He was a Kansas representative on the Republican National Committee and member of the Italian American Congressional Delegation. Pompeo is also a member of the Tea Party movement within the Republican Party.President Donald Trump nominated Pompeo as secretary of state in March 2018, with Pompeo succeeding Rex Tillerson after his dismissal. Pompeo was confirmed by the Senate on April 26, 2018, in a 57\u201342 vote and was sworn in the same day.\n\n", "Q2098": "Marcus Valerius Martialis (known in English as Martial ) (March, between 38 and 41 AD \u2013 between 102 and 104 AD) was a Roman poet from Hispania (modern Spain) best known for his twelve books of Epigrams, published in Rome between AD 86 and 103, during the reigns of the emperors Domitian, Nerva and Trajan. In these short, witty poems he cheerfully satirises city life and the scandalous activities of his acquaintances, and romanticises his provincial upbringing. He wrote a total of 1,561 epigrams, of which 1,235 are in elegiac couplets.\nMartial has been called the greatest Latin epigrammatist, and is considered the creator of the modern epigram.", "Q50835": "Regina Ip Lau Suk-yee, GBS, JP (Chinese: \u8449\u5289\u6dd1\u5100; born 24 August 1950) is a member of the Executive Council (ExCo) and Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo), as well as the founder and current chairperson of the New People's Party. She was formerly a prominent government official of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) and was the first woman to be appointed the Secretary for Security to head the disciplinary service.\nIp became a controversial figure for her role advocating the passage of the national security legislation to implement Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23, and after this legislation was withdrawn, she became the first principal official to resign from the administration of Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa. She took a sabbatical to study for a master's degree. She contested the 2007 Hong Kong Island by-election for the Legislative Council but was defeated by Anson Chan in the two-horse race. She ran again in the 2008 Legislative Council election and won, gaining a seat in the Hong Kong Island. She was re-elected in 2012 and 2016 elections.\nIp is widely known to be keen on the Chief Executive top post. She ran in both 2012 and 2017 Chief Executive elections but did not secure a minimum number of 150 nominations from the 1,200-member Election Committee to enter the race on both occasions.\n\n", "Q132086": "Pope Leo III (Latin: Leo; fl. 12 June 816) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 26 December 795 to his death. Protected by Charlemagne from the supporters of his predecessor, Adrian I, Leo subsequently strengthened Charlemagne's position by crowning him emperor. The coronation not approved in Constantinople, although the Byzantines, occupied with their own defenses, were in no position to offer much opposition.", "Q113048": "Franz Xaver Josef Maria Augsberger (10 October 1905 \u2013 19 March 1945) was a high-ranking German SS commander during World War II. He was killed in action in March 1945.\nBorn in Austria in 1905, Franz Augsberger joined the Sturmabteilung (SA) and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in 1930. He was in charge of the NSDAP's propaganda until June 1933, when the NSDAP was declared illegal in Austria. Augsberger moved to Germany and joined the SS in 1932. In 1934 Augsberger joined the SS-Verf\u00fcgungstruppe (SS Dispositional Troops; SS-VT). He attended and then taught at an SS training school until March 1939, when he was transferred to the SS regiment Der F\u00fchrer.\nAugsberger was appointed the commander of a regiment in the 6th SS Mountain Division Nord. In May 1942 he was awarded the German Cross in Gold. In October 1942 Augsberger was appointed the commander of 3 Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade. In 1944 the brigade was enlarged to form the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian), with Augsberger remaining the unit's commander. Augsberger commanded the division during the long retreat of the German forces on the Eastern Front. In early March he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross by Field Marshal Ferdinand Sch\u00f6rner. On 19 March, he was killed in action near Neustadt, Oberschlesien.", "Q282925": "The Hollies are a British rock group best known for their pioneering and distinctive three-part vocal harmony style. The Hollies became one of the leading British groups of the 1960s (231 weeks on the UK singles charts during the 1960s, the 9th highest of any artist of the decade) and into the mid 1970s. The band was formed by Allan Clarke and Graham Nash in 1962 as a Merseybeat-type music group in Manchester, although some of the band members came from towns further north in East Lancashire. Graham Nash left the group in 1968 to form the supergroup Crosby, Stills & Nash.\nThey enjoyed considerable popularity in many countries (at least 60 singles or EPs and 26 albums charting somewhere in the world, spanning over five decades), although they did not achieve major US chart success until 1966 with \"Bus Stop\". The Hollies had over 30 charting singles on the UK Singles Chart, and 22 on the Billboard Hot 100, with major hits on both sides of the Atlantic that included \"Just One Look\", \"Look Through Any Window\", \"I Can't Let Go\", \"Bus Stop\", \"Stop Stop Stop\", \"On a Carousel\", \"Carrie Anne\", \"Jennifer Eccles\", and later \"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\", \"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress\", and \"The Air That I Breathe\".\nThe Hollies are one of the few UK groups of the early 1960s, along with the Rolling Stones, that have never disbanded and continue to record and perform. In recognition of their achievements, the Hollies were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010.", "Q57182": "Christian Friedrich Hebbel (18 March 1813 \u2013 13 December 1863) was a German poet and dramatist.", "Q322239": "Belisario Porras Barahona (28 November 1856, Las Tablas \u2013 28 August 1942, Panama City) was a Panamanian journalist and politician. He served three terms as President of Panama between 1912 and 1924.\nPorras was born on the thirty-fifth anniversary of Panama's declaration of independence from Spain. Raised by his grandmother, his early education was paid for by his father in Bogot\u00e1, the capital of Colombia, which Panama was a province of at the time. He joined his father when he went to secondary school, went on to study law at the National University in 1874, and won a scholarship from the Colombian government to study in Belgium from where he later returned to the Panamanian\nWorking as a reporter, he aligned himself with the local Colombian Liberal Party, and was soon the target of persecution by the reigning Conservative government in Bogot\u00e1. Exiled to Nicaragua and El Salvador, he took jobs as a professor and a reporter.\nAs the Thousand Days War began in Colombia, the Liberals in Panama sent for Porras to lead the invasion of the Isthmus in 1900. Working with General Victoriano Lorenzo and others, he began his struggle from Costa Rica in the West. He organized a volunteer army and reached the capital where he was defeated in the Battle of Calidonia Bridge. Porras returned to exile until 1904, after his homeland had acquired its independence, and became a diplomat until becoming president in 1912. The Panama Canal was finished during his first term in office.\nHe was elected as the first presidential designate by the National Assembly in September 1918.Belisario Porras Barahoma was born to Demetrio Porras Cavero and Juana Gumersinda Barahona. Belisario married twice. First, in 1881 he married Eva Paniza Arosemena and they had 5 children: Belisario Roberto, Demetrio, Camilo, Mar\u00eda Teresa, Leticia Antonia. In 1906 he married Alicia Castro and had 4 children: Rodrigo, Hern\u00e1n, Alicia y \u00c1lvaro. He also had children outside of both marriages: Demetrio Augusto, Silvia, Julieta y Emilia.", "Q315495": "Ian McDiarmid (; born 11 August 1944) is a Scottish actor and director of stage and screen, best known for portraying Emperor Palpatine in the Star Wars film series. Making his stage debut in Hamlet in 1972, McDiarmid joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1974, and has since starred in a number of Shakespeare's plays. He has received an Olivier Award for Best Actor and a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his stage performances.", "Q434172": "Maren Kawehilani Jensen (born September 23, 1956) is an American former model and actress, best known for portraying Athena in the 1970s television series Battlestar Galactica. Jensen also made guest appearances in several US television series, such as The Love Boat and Fantasy Island.", "Q68372": "Tarasp is a former municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. Its eleven settlements are situated within the Lower Engadin valley along the Inn River, at the foot of the Sesvenna Range. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Ardez, Guarda, Tarasp, Ftan and Sent merged into the municipality of Scuol.Originally a Romansh language area, the majority of the population today speaks High Alemannic German. Unlike the surrounding municipalities, the Tarasp parish is mainly Catholic.", "Q562446": "Philip Carlo (April 18, 1949 \u2013 November 8, 2010) was an American journalist and best selling biographer of Thomas Pitera, Richard Kuklinski, Anthony Casso, and Richard Ramirez. Carlo suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as \"Lou Gehrig's Disease\". He was bound to a wheelchair and respirator, but retained his ability to speak normally during his lifetime. He died of the disease on November 8, 2010 at age 61.\nPhilip Carlo was born in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, New York. From an early age, he was involved in gang activity. \nRaised on the streets of Brooklyn, New York. In 1964 when Carlo was 15 years old, he witnessed a close friend shot to death by hit men from the Colombo crime family in broad daylight. Moving toward induction into an organized crime mob family, Carlo found himself in trouble with the law. At the age of 17, he was involved in a gang fight and shot in the forehead by a .22 caliber gun. It was after this life-threatening moment that Carlo decided to turn his life around. Carlo's passion for books ultimately steered him from the criminal path. The works of Steinbeck, Hemingway and Dickens, among others, helped Carlo out of Brooklyn. At 19, he moved to Manhattan and secured a job as a real estate agent on the Upper West Side, Manhattan. Although successful, Carlo walked away from the business after nine years with the goal of ultimately becoming a professional writer. Despite his illness, in early November 2009, Carlo was able to appear on Shovio's Talk Back TV, to take questions about his research. His last book, The Killer Within: In the Company of Monsters (which deals with his battle against ALS), was released posthumously in January 2011.", "Q378645": "Carlo Emilio Gadda (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8karlo e\u02c8mi\u02d0ljo \u02c8\u0261adda]; November 14, 1893 \u2013 May 21, 1973) was an Italian writer and poet. He belongs to the tradition of the language innovators, writers that played with the somewhat stiff standard pre-war Italian language, and added elements of dialects, technical jargon and wordplay.", "Q296950": "Antanas Smetona (Lithuanian: [\u0250n\u02c8ta\u02d0n\u0250s s\u02b2m\u02b2\u025bto\u02d0\u02c8n\u0250] (listen); 10 August 1874 \u2013 9 January 1944) was one of the most important Lithuanian political figures between World War I and World War II. He served as the first President of Lithuania from 4 April 1919 to 19 June 1920. He again served as the last President of the country from 19 December 1926 to 15 June 1940, before its occupation by the Soviet Union. He was also one of the most prominent ideologists of nationalism in Lithuania.", "Q572655": "Ignacio Manuel Altamirano Basilio (13 November 1834 \u2013 13 February 1893) was a Mexican radical liberal writer, journalist, teacher and politician. He wrote Clemencia (1869), which is often considered to be the first modern Mexican novel.", "Q110541": "Sophie Junghans (1845-1907) was a German writer whose works include The American Girl. She was once described as having \"an almost manly spirit.\"", "Q1537118": "World Circuit is a world-music record label, established in London in the mid-1980s, that specializes in Cuban and West African recording artists, among other international music stars. The label's credo was to be an artist-led label with all aspects of each release tailored to the artist. Twenty years later, this is still key to how World Circuit operate. World Circuit celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2006 by releasing World Circuit Presents..., a 2-disc retrospective compilation album. In 2018, World Circuit was acquired by BMG Rights Management.", "Q713213": "Giuseppe \"Bepi\" Colombo (Padua, October 2, 1920 \u2013 Padua, February 20, 1984) was an Italian scientist, mathematician and engineer at the University of Padua, Italy.", "Q337152": "Ren\u00e9 F\u00e9ret (26 May 1945 \u2013 28 April 2015) was a French actor, screenwriter, film director and producer. His film Solemn Communion, was entered into the 1977 Cannes Film Festival. In The Man Who Wasn't There (L'Homme qui n'\u00e9tait pas l\u00e0), his 1987 film adaption of Roderick MacLeish's novel, he played alongside Claude Jade in the leading role of Charles Elaine.", "Q1277015": "Earl Burtnett (7 February 1896 \u2013 2 January 1936) was an American bandleader, songwriter and pianist who was popular in the 1920s and 1930s.", "Q2190366": "\u00c9ditions Albin Michel is a French publisher. It was founded in 1900 by Albin Michel.", "Q2847526": "Andr\u00e9 Choulika (born 1965) is a biotechnologist, the inventor of nuclease-based genome editing and a pioneer in the analysis and use of meganucleases to modify complex genomes.\n\n", "Q65656": "Castrisch ([k\u0250\u02c8\u0283t\u0281i\u0283] ) is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. Until 1943, it was officially known as K\u00e4stris. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.", "Q1189367": "Takanori Jinnai (\u9663\u5185\u5b5d\u5247, Jinnai Takanori) is a Japanese actor, film director, and singer. He was born August 12, 1958 in Okawa, Fukuoka. He made his directorial debut with Rockers (\u30ed\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30ba or Rokkazu), a 2003 film based on his years as vocalist for the punk rock band The Rockers (\u30b6\u30fb\u30ed\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30ba). He was nominated best actor for a Japanese Academy Award three times, once in 1988 and twice in 1989. He won the award for Best Actor at the 12th Hochi Film Awards for Ch\u014dchin.", "Q713575": "Han Bennink (born 17 April 1942) is a Dutch jazz drummer and percussionist. On occasion his recordings have featured him playing clarinet, violin, banjo and piano.\nThough perhaps best known as one of the pivotal figures in early European free jazz and free improvisation, Bennink has worked in essentially every school of jazz, and is described by critic Chris Kelsey as \"one of the unfortunately rare musicians whose abilities and interests span jazz's entire spectrum.\" Known for often injecting slapstick and absurdist humor into his performances, Bennink has had especially fruitful long-term partnerships with pianist Misha Mengelberg and saxophonist Peter Br\u00f6tzmann. Han is a brother of saxophonist Peter Bennink.", "Q193648": "Anthony David Leighton Scott (21 June 1944 \u2013 19 August 2012) was an English film director, producer and screenwriter. He was known for directing action and thriller films such as Top Gun (1986), Beverly Hills Cop II (1987), The Last Boy Scout (1991), True Romance (1993), Crimson Tide (1995), Enemy of the State (1998), Man on Fire (2004), D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu (2006), and Unstoppable (2010).\nScott was the younger brother of film director Sir Ridley Scott. They both graduated from the Royal College of Art in London, and both were among a generation of British film directors who started their careers making television commercials. In 1995 both Tony and Ridley received the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Contribution To Cinema. In 2010, they received the BAFTA Britannia Award for Worldwide Contribution to Filmed Entertainment. He took his own life on 19 August 2012, by jumping off the Vincent Thomas Bridge in San Pedro, California.\n\n", "Q65130": "Karl Heinrich Emil Koch (6 June 1809 \u2013 25 May 1879) was a German botanist. He is best known for his botanical explorations in the Caucasus region, including northeast Turkey. Most of his collections have today been lost. He is also known as the first professional horticultural officer in Germany.", "Q235989": "Angeline Dickinson (n\u00e9e Brown; born September 30, 1931) is an American actress. She began her career on television, appearing in many anthology series during the 1950s, before landing her breakthrough role in Gun the Man Down (1956) with James Arness and the Western film Rio Bravo (1959), for which she received the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year.\nIn her six decade career, Dickinson has appeared in more than 50 films, including China Gate (1957), Ocean's 11 (1960), The Sins of Rachel Cade (1961), Jessica (1962), Captain Newman, M.D. (1963), The Killers (1964), The Art of Love (1965), The Chase (1966), Point Blank (1967), Pretty Maids All in a Row (1971), The Outside Man (1972) and Big Bad Mama (1974).\nFrom 1974 to 1978, Dickinson starred as Sergeant Leann \"Pepper\" Anderson in the NBC crime series Police Woman, for which she received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama and three Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series nominations. As lead actress, she starred in Brian De Palma's erotic crime thriller Dressed to Kill (1980), for which she received a Saturn Award for Best Actress.\nDuring her later career, Dickinson starred in several television movies and miniseries, also playing supporting roles in films such as Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (1994), Sabrina (1995), Pay It Forward (2000) and Big Bad Love (2001).", "Q23165": "Gloucestershire ( (listen), (listen); formerly abbreviated as Gloucs. in print but now often as Glos.) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean.\nThe county town is the city of Gloucester, and other principal towns include Cheltenham, Stroud, Tewkesbury, Cirencester and Dursley.\nGloucestershire borders Herefordshire to the north west, Wiltshire to the south, Bristol and Somerset to the south west, Worcestershire to the north, Oxfordshire to the east, Warwickshire to the north east, and the Welsh county of Monmouthshire to the west.\nThe current Gloucestershire County Council area does not have the same geographical boundaries as the historic county. Some northern parts of the county, including Long Marston and Welford-on-Avon, were transferred to Warwickshire in 1931. Following the Local Government Act 1972, some southern parts of the county were transferred to the new county of Avon, which ceased to exist on 1 April 1996. After 1996, the city of Bristol and South Gloucestershire became separate unitary authorities.", "Q327427": "Whity is a 1971 West German film, written and directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder and starring G\u00fcnther Kaufmann and Hanna Schygulla. Shot in Spain, it is a melodrama in the form of a Spaghetti Western which addresses some of Fassbinder's recurrent themes such as dysfunctional families, sexual diversity and the struggle of the individual to find a place in society. Though entered into the 21st Berlin International Film Festival, it was never distributed theatrically and only much later achieved a DVD release.", "Q109776": "Thomas von Randow (26 December 1921 Breslau, Schlesien \u2013 29 July 2009 Hamburg) was a German mathematician and journalist who published mathematical and logical puzzles under the pseudonym Zweistein in the \"Logelei\" column in Die Zeit. (After 2005 his column and pseudonym were continued by Bernhard Seckinger and Immanuel Halupczok.)", "Q273704": "West Side Story is a 1961 American musical romantic drama film directed by Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins. The film is an adaptation of the 1957 Broadway musical of the same name, which in turn was inspired by William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. It stars Natalie Wood, Richard Beymer, Russ Tamblyn, Rita Moreno, and George Chakiris, and was photographed by Daniel L. Fapp in Super Panavision 70. Released on October 18, 1961, through United Artists, the film received high praise from critics and viewers, and became the highest-grossing film of the year in the United States. The film was nominated for 11 Academy Awards and won 10, including Best Picture (in addition to a special award for Robbins), becoming the record holder for the most wins for a musical.\nThe film has been deemed \"culturally significant\" by the United States Library of Congress and was selected for the National Film Registry in 1997. A renew film adaptation of the same name by Steven Spielberg is set to be released in 2020, starring Ansel Elgort and Rachel Zegler.", "Q182745": "Fausto de Elhuyar (11 October 1755 \u2013 6 February 1833) was a Spanish chemist, and the joint discoverer of tungsten with his brother Juan Jos\u00e9 Elhuyar in 1783. He was in charge, under a King of Spain commission, of organizing the School of Mines in M\u00e9xico City and so was responsible for building an architectural jewel known as the \"Palacio de Miner\u00eda\". Elhuyar left Mexico after the Mexican War of Independence, when most of the Spanish residents in Mexico were expelled.", "Q52944": "John III (Swedish: Johan III, Finnish: Juhana III; 20 December 1537 \u2013 17 November 1592) was King of Sweden from 1569 until his death. He was the son of King Gustav I of Sweden and his second wife Margaret Leijonhufvud. He was also, quite autonomously, the ruler of Finland, as Duke John from 1556 to 1563. In 1581 he assumed also the title Grand Prince of Finland. He attained the Swedish throne after a rebellion against his half-brother Eric XIV. He is mainly remembered for his attempts to close the gap between the newly established Lutheran Church of Sweden and the Catholic church.\nHis first wife was Catherine Jagellonica of the Polish-Lithuanian ruling family, and their son Sigismund eventually ascended both the Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish thrones.", "Q214947": "Albert Ehrenstein (23 December 1886 \u2013 8 April 1950) was an Austrian-born German Expressionist poet. His poetry exemplifies rejection of bourgeois values and fascination with the Orient, particularly with China.\nHe spent most of his life in Berlin, but also travelled widely across Europe, Africa, and the Far East. In 1930, he travelled to Palestine, and published his impressions in a series of articles. Shortly before the Nazi take-over, Ehrenstein moved to Switzerland, and in 1941 to New York City, where he died.", "Q7601944": "Stark is a 1993 British-Australian television miniseries, based on the bestselling novel Stark by comedian Ben Elton. The three-episode series, directed by Nadia Tass, was an international coproduction between the British Broadcasting Corporation and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. It starred Ben Elton and Jacqueline McKenzie.", "Q160918": "Opus Dei, formally known as the Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei (Latin: Praelatura Sanctae Crucis et Operis Dei), is an institution of the Catholic Church which teaches that everyone is called to holiness and that ordinary life is a path to sanctity. The majority of its membership are lay people; the remainder are secular priests under the governance of a prelate elected by specific members and appointed by the Pope. Opus Dei is Latin for \"Work of God\"; hence the organization is often referred to by members and supporters as the Work.Opus Dei was founded in Spain in 1928 by Catholic saint and priest Josemar\u00eda Escriv\u00e1 and was given final Catholic Church approval in 1950 by Pope Pius XII. John Paul II made it a personal prelature in 1982 by the apostolic constitution Ut sit; that is, the jurisdiction of its own bishop covers the persons in Opus Dei wherever they are, rather than geographical dioceses.As of 2018, there were 95,318 members of the Prelature: 93,203 lay persons and 2,115 priests. These figures do not include the diocesan priest members of Opus Dei's Priestly Society of the Holy Cross, estimated to number 2,000 in the year 2005. Members are in more than 90 countries. About 70% of Opus Dei members live in their private homes, leading traditional Catholic family lives with secular careers, while the other 30% are celibate, of whom the majority live in Opus Dei centers. Aside from their personal charity and social work, Opus Dei members organize training in Catholic spirituality applied to daily life; members are involved in running universities, university residences, schools, publishing houses, hospitals, and technical and agricultural training centers.\nOpus Dei has been described as the most controversial force within the Catholic Church, especially as a result of their close ties with the fascist Franco regime in Spain during his rule from 1936 to 1975. Defenders of the organization argue that many of the negative claims about Opus Dei are unproven or fabrications.", "Q1190150": "Terry Kinney (born January 29, 1954) is an American actor and theatre director, and is a founding member of the Steppenwolf Theatre Company, with Laurie Metcalf, Gary Sinise, and Jeff Perry. Kinney is best known for his role as Emerald City creator Tim McManus on HBO's prison drama Oz.", "Q169082": "10 Things I Hate About You is a 1999 American romantic comedy film directed by Gil Junger and starring Julia Stiles, Heath Ledger, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and Larisa Oleynik. The screenplay, written by Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smith, is a modernization of William Shakespeare's late-16th-century comedy The Taming of the Shrew, retold in a late-1990s American high school setting. In the story, new student Cameron (Gordon-Levitt) is smitten with Bianca (Oleynik) and, in order to get around her father's strict rules on dating, attempts to get bad boy Patrick (Ledger) to date Bianca's ill-tempered sister, Kat (Stiles). The film is titled after a poem written by Kat about her bittersweet romance with Patrick. Much of the filming took place in the Seattle metropolitan area, with many scenes shot at Stadium High School in Tacoma.\nReleased March 31, 1999, 10 Things I Hate About You was number two at the domestic box office during its opening weekend, behind only The Matrix, and was a moderate financial and critical success. It was a breakthrough role for Stiles, Ledger, and Gordon-Levitt, all of whom were nominated for various teen-oriented awards. Ten years later, the film was adapted into a television series of the same title, which ran for twenty episodes and featured Larry Miller reprising his role as Walter Stratford from the film.", "Q3616717": "It is entirely unrelated to the 1997 PlayStation game \"Angel Blade - Neo Tokyo Guardians\".Angel Blade (\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30a7\u30eb\u30d6\u30ec\u30a4\u30c9, Enjeru Bureido) is part of the Vanilla Series of pornographic animation. It was created and directed by Masami \u014cbari, who was also responsible for the design of the characters. The anime is a parody of Go Nagai's manga and anime Cutey Honey and Kekko Kamen.\nThe storyline is continued in a three-episode sequel series, Angel Blade Punish!.\nThe first series was released in the U.S. on two DVDs, entitled Angel Blade (containing episodes 1\u20132) and Angel Blade Returns (containing episode 3 and some bonus material). Angel Blade Punish! was released in the U.S. as a single DVD containing three episodes.\nThe doujin video game company Digi Anime released an eroge visual novel of Angel Blade in 2002 based on the first series.\n\n", "Q67727": "Andreas Schnaas (born 1 April 1968) is a German director and actor, working exclusively in the horror genre. Since he first appeared on the film scene in 1989, Schnaas has become a leader in Germany's ultra-violent low-budget horror film industry.", "Q283385": "Sharleen Eugene Spiteri (born 7 November 1967) is a Scottish recording artist and songwriter from Finnieston, Glasgow in Scotland, and the lead singer of the rock band Texas. She has a contralto vocal range. In 2013, Texas's worldwide album sales were counted at 40 million records.Her debut solo album Melody was released in 2008, followed by a second solo album, The Movie Songbook, in March 2010. During this time, Spiteri was a judge on the Sky music talent show, Must Be the Music. Texas returned from their hiatus in 2013 with The Conversation, which debuted at No. 4 on the UK Album Chart, No. 3 on their native Scottish Album Charts as well as No. 8 in France. A 25th-anniversary album followed in 2015 entitled Texas 25, followed by the band's ninth studio album, Jump on Board (2017), which achieved mainstream chart success, topping the albums charts in Scotland and debuting within the top ten in France, the United Kingdom and Belgium.", "Q31561": "An acoustic guitar is a musical instrument in the guitar family, that projects the sounds of its vibrating strings acoustically through the air. Originally just called a guitar, the retronym 'acoustic guitar' came in use to distinguish it from an electric guitar, that relies on an electronic amplification system. The sound waves from the strings of an acoustic guitar resonate through the instrument's body, amplifying the sound. Typically, a guitar's body is a sound box, of which the top side serves as a sound board that enhances the vibration sounds of the strings. In standard tuning the guitar's six strings are tuned (low to high) E2 A2 D3 G3 B3 E4.\nGuitar strings may be plucked individually with a pick or fingertip, or strummed to play chords. Plucking a string causes it to vibrate at a fundamental pitch determined by the string's length, mass, and tension. (Overtones are also present, closely related to harmonics of the fundamental pitch.) The string causes the soundboard and the air enclosed by the sound box to vibrate. As these have their own resonances, they amplify some overtones more strongly than others, affecting the timbre of the resulting sound.", "Q77534": "Doris Pack (born 18 March 1942, Schiffweiler) is a German politician, President of EPP Women ,President of the Robert Schuman Institute and former Member of the European Parliament 1989\u20132014. She served as a member of the Bundestag 1974\u20131983 and 1985\u20131989. She is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party. Pack is the chair of the EU Committee on Culture and Education (since 2009).She is chair of the Franco-German Foundation for Cultural Cooperation, President of the European Children's Book Fair Association, member of the ZDF Television Council, President of the Saar Adult Education Association, Vice-President of the European Movement on the Saar. She also is President of Women in the EPP and Executive Member of the European People's Party. She was a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and of the Assembly of the Western European Union (1981-1983 and 1985-1989). She is Chairwoman of the Advisory Board of A Soul for Europe.\nShe graduated from teaching college in 1965 and worked as a teacher in primary schools until 1974. From 1983 to 1985, she was employed by the Saarland Ministry of Education. In 2007 she got honoris causa doctorate at University of Zadar (Croatia).", "Q124182": "Alfred Biehle (15 November 1926 in Augsburg \u2013 29 October 2014 in Karlstadt am Main) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.Between 1990 and 1995 he was a representative of the Wehrbeauftragter des Deutschen Bundestages.", "Q78607": "Andreas Maislinger (born 26 February 1955 in St. Georgen near Salzburg, Austria) is an Austrian historian and political scientist and founder and chairman of the Austrian Service Abroad, including the Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service, the Austrian Social Service and the Austrian Peace Service. In addition, he is also the founder of the Austrian Holocaust Memorial Award and the Braunau Contemporary History Days.", "Q61356": "J\u00fcrgen Prochnow (German pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u028f\u0281\u0261n\u0329 \u02c8p\u0281\u0254xno\u02d0] listen ; born 10 June 1941) is a German-born actor and voice actor. His best-known roles internationally have been as the good-hearted and sympathetic U-Boat captain in Das Boot (1981), Duke Leto Atreides in Dune (1984), the minor but important role of Kazakh dictator General Ivan Radek in Air Force One (1997), and the antagonist Maxwell Dent in Beverly Hills Cop II (1987).", "Q718420": "Ohannes Tun\u00e7boyac\u0131yan (Armenian: \u0555\u0570\u0561\u0576\u0576\u0565\u057d \u0539\u0578\u0582\u0576\u0579\u0562\u0578\u0575\u0561\u057b\u0575\u0561\u0576), better known as Onno Tun\u00e7 (December 20, 1948 \u2013 January 14, 1996), was a leading Armenian-Turkish musician, working mainly as a composer and an arranger. Tun\u00e7 also played bass guitar and occasionally double bass, contributing to the albums of several musicians. He was the elder brother of musician Arto Tun\u00e7boyac\u0131yan.", "Q741555": "Michael T. \"Mykelti\" Williamson (born March 4, 1957) is an American actor best known for his roles in the films Forrest Gump and Con Air, and the television shows Boomtown, 24, and Justified. In 2016, he portrayed Gabriel Maxson in Denzel Washington's acclaimed film adaptation of August Wilson's play Fences, reprising his role from the 2010 Broadway revival.\nHis other notable roles include Free Willy, Heat, Lucky Number Slevin, Three Kings, Black Dynamite, The Final Destination, ATL, Species II, and The Purge: Election Year.", "Q464023": "Elsa Schiaparelli ( SKAP-\u0259-REL-ee, SHAP-, also US: skee-AHP-, Italian: [\u02c8\u025blsa skjapa\u02c8r\u025blli]; 1890\u20131973) was an Italian fashion designer. Along with Coco Chanel, her greatest rival, she is regarded as one of the most prominent figures in fashion between the two World Wars. Starting with knitwear, Schiaparelli's designs were heavily influenced by Surrealists like her collaborators Salvador Dal\u00ed and Jean Cocteau. Her clients included the heiress Daisy Fellowes and actress Mae West. Schiaparelli did not adapt to the changes in fashion following World War II and her couture house closed in 1954.", "Q707500": "Michael Anthony Claudio Wincott (born January 21, 1958) is a Canadian actor known for his deep, raspy voice and for being cast in villainous roles.Some of his better-known roles include Guy of Gisborne in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991), Top Dollar, the main antagonist in The Crow (1994), music mogul Philo Gant in Strange Days (1995), mercenary Frank Elgyn in Alien: Resurrection (1997) and hacker Adrian Cross on the TV miniseries 24: Live Another Day (2014).", "Q323641": "James Hamish Stuart (born 8 October 1949, Glasgow, Scotland) is a Scottish guitarist, bassist, singer, composer and record producer. He was an original member of the Average White Band.", "Q11869": "William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 \u2013 April 4, 1841) was an American military officer and politician who served as the ninth president of the United States in 1841. He died of typhoid, pneumonia or paratyphoid fever 31 days into his term (the shortest tenure), becoming the first president to die in office. His death sparked a brief constitutional crisis regarding succession to the presidency, because the Constitution was unclear as to whether Vice President John Tyler should assume the office of president or merely execute the duties of the vacant office. Tyler claimed a constitutional mandate to become the new president and took the presidential oath of office, setting an important precedent for an orderly transfer of the presidency and its full powers when the previous president fails to complete the elected term.Harrison was born in Charles City County, Virginia, the son of Founding Father Benjamin Harrison V and the paternal grandfather of Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd president of the United States. He was the last president born as a British subject in the Thirteen Colonies before the start of the Revolutionary War in 1775. During his early military career, he participated in the 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers, an American military victory that effectively ended the Northwest Indian War. Later, he led a military force against Tecumseh's Confederacy at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, where he earned the nickname \"Old Tippecanoe\". He was promoted to major general in the Army in the War of 1812, and in 1813 led American infantry and cavalry at the Battle of the Thames in Upper Canada.Harrison began his political career in 1798, when he was appointed Secretary of the Northwest Territory, and in 1799 he was elected as the territory's delegate in the House of Representatives. Two years later, President John Adams named him governor of the newly established Indiana Territory, a post he held until 1812. After the War of 1812, he moved to Ohio where he was elected to represent the state's 1st district in the House in 1816. In 1824, the state legislature elected him to the U.S. Senate; his term was truncated by his appointment as Minister Plenipotentiary to Gran Colombia in May 1828. Afterward, he returned to private life in North Bend, Ohio until he was nominated as the Whig Party candidate for president in the 1836 election; he was defeated by Democratic vice president Martin Van Buren. Four years later, the party nominated him again with John Tyler as his running mate, and the Whig campaign slogan was \"Tippecanoe and Tyler Too\". They defeated Van Buren in the 1840 United States presidential election, making Harrison the first Whig to win the presidency.\nAt 68 years, 23 days of age at the time of his inauguration, Harrison was the oldest person to assume the U.S. presidency, a distinction he held until 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated at age 69 years, 349 days. Due to his brief tenure, scholars and historians often forgo listing him in historical presidential rankings. However, historian William W. Freehling calls him \"the most dominant figure in the evolution of the Northwest territories into the Upper Midwest today\".", "Q362190": "Scott Joseph Kelly (born February 21, 1964; CAPT, USN, Ret.) is an American engineer, retired astronaut, and U.S. Navy captain. A veteran of four space flights, Kelly commanded the International Space Station (ISS) on Expeditions 26, 45, and 46.\nKelly's first spaceflight was as pilot of Space Shuttle Discovery during STS-103 in December 1999. This was the third servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope, and lasted for just under eight days. Kelly's second spaceflight was as mission commander of STS-118, a 12-day Space Shuttle mission to the ISS in August 2007. Kelly's third spaceflight was as a crewmember on Expedition 25/26 on the ISS. He arrived at the ISS aboard Soyuz TMA-01M on 9 October 2010, and served as a flight engineer until he took over command of the station on 25 November 2010 at the start of Expedition 26. Expedition 26 ended on 16 March 2011 with the departure of Soyuz TMA-01M.In November 2012, Kelly and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Korniyenko were selected for a year-long mission to the ISS. Their year in space began with the launch of Soyuz TMA-16M on March 27, 2015, and they remained on the station for Expeditions 43, 44, 45, and 46. The mission ended on March 1, 2016, with the departure of Soyuz TMA-18M from the station.Scott Kelly retired from NASA in 2016. Kelly's identical twin brother, Mark Kelly, is also a retired astronaut.On 12 April 2019, NASA reported medical results, from the Astronaut Twin Study, where one astronaut twin spent a year in space on the International Space Station, while the other twin spent the year on Earth, which demonstrated several long-lasting changes, including those related to alterations in DNA and cognition, when one twin was compared with the other.", "Q163222": "Philip Andrew Clarke (born 8 March 1960) is a British businessman. He served as the Chief Executive Officer of Tesco plc until 1 September 2014.", "Q278862": "Henry Porter (born 1953) is an English author and journalist. He is a writer of thrillers and was, until 2014, a regular columnist for The Observer. He is also the British editor of Vanity Fair and writes regularly on British and European politics for Vanity Fair's The Hive. He was on the Orwell Prize's journalism shortlist for 2009,[1] and wrote the award-winning novel Brandenburg, also titled Brandenburg Gate. He was on the shortlist for the Ian Fleming Steel Dagger for his novels Empire State and the Dying Light.\n\n", "Q78834": "Baron Ignaz von Plener (21 May 1810 \u2013 17 February 1908) was an Austrian statesman. He served as the 3rd Minister-President of Cisleithania.", "Q221917": "Val Lewton (May 7, 1904 \u2013 March 14, 1951) was a Russian-American novelist, film producer and screenwriter best known for a string of low-budget horror films he produced for RKO Pictures in the 1940s. His son, also named Val Lewton, was a painter and exhibition designer.", "Q19206": "Heilongjiang (\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f; formerly romanized as Heilungkiang) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. The province is bordered by Jilin to the south and Inner Mongolia to the west. It also shares a border with Russia (Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai and Zabaykalsky Krai) to the north and east. The capital and the largest city of the province is Harbin. Among Chinese provincial-level administrative divisions, Heilongjiang is the sixth-largest by total area and the 15th-most populous.\nThe province takes its name from the Heilong River (Chinese name of the Amur), which marks the border between the People's Republic of China and Russia. Heilongjiang contains China's northernmost point (in Mohe City along the Amur) and easternmost point (at the junction of the Amur and Ussuri rivers).\nHeilongjiang has significant agricultural production, and raw materials, such as timber, oil and coal.", "Q6501380": "Chinese people are the various individuals or ethnic groups associated with China, usually through ancestry, ethnicity, nationality, citizenship, or other affiliation.The Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group in China, comprising approximately 92% of its mainland population. Han Chinese people also comprise approximately 95% of the population of Taiwan, approximately 92% of the population of Hong Kong, and approximately 89% of the population of Macau. They are also the world's largest ethnic group, comprising approximately 18% of the global human population.Outside of China, the terms \"Han Chinese\" and \"Chinese\" are often conflated since those identifying or registered as Han Chinese are the most populous ethnic group in China. In fact, there are 55 officially-recognized ethnic minorities in China who may also identify as \"Chinese\".\nAlthough Hong Kong and Macau are both under Chinese sovereignty, both regions are highly autonomous. Hong Kong and Macau are respectively governed by international treaties known as the \"Sino-British Joint Declaration\" and the \"Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration\". Residents of both regions can possess various nationalities.\nPeople from Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), may also be referred to as \"Chinese\" in various contexts, though they are usually referred to as \"Taiwanese\". The territory of Taiwan is disputed and the ROC has limited recognition of its sovereignty.\nThere is also an extensive Chinese diaspora known as the \"Overseas Chinese\".", "Q76819": "Christoph Waltz (German: [\u02c8kr\u026ast\u0254f \u02c8valts]; born 4 October 1956) is a German-Austrian actor and director, since 2009 mainly active in the United States.His breakout role came in Quentin Tarantino's 2009 film Inglourious Basterds, where he played SS officer Hans Landa. He would later collaborate with Tarantino once again in 2012, where he played bounty hunter Dr. King Schultz in Django Unchained. For each performance, he earned an Academy Award, BAFTA Award, and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Waltz also received the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival and a Screen Actors Guild Award for his portrayal of Landa.Waltz portrayed computer genius Qohen Leth in the science fiction film The Zero Theorem (2013), American plagiarist Walter Keane in the biographical film Big Eyes (2014), and James Bond's nemesis Ernst Stavro Blofeld in Spectre (2015) and No Time to Die (2020). For his role as Walter Keane, he was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Actor. He also provided the voice of Mandrake in Epic (2013).", "Q84457": "Horst Kopkow (29 November 1910, Ortelsburg, East Prussia, Germany (now Szczytno, Poland) \u2013 13 October 1996, Gelsenkirchen, Germany) was a Nazi German SS major who worked for German Security police and, after the war, was concealed by British intelligence to use his knowledge during the Cold War.", "Q284401": "Tomokazu Seki (\u95a2 \u667a\u4e00, Seki Tomokazu, born September 8, 1972) is a Japanese actor, voice actor, and singer. He has worked with Haikyou productions. He is the co-founder of Atomic Monkey.", "Q83338": "Robin McLaurin Williams (July 21, 1951 \u2013 August 11, 2014) was an American actor and comedian. He began performing stand-up comedy in San Francisco and Los Angeles during the mid-1970s, and rose to fame for playing the alien Mork in the sitcom Mork & Mindy (1978\u20131982). He was known for his improvisation skills and the wide variety of memorable voices he created. He is widely regarded by critics as one of the funniest comedians of all time.After his first starring film role in Popeye (1980), Williams starred in critically and commercially successful films including The World According to Garp (1982), Moscow on the Hudson (1984), Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), Dead Poets Society (1989), Awakenings (1990), The Fisher King (1991), Patch Adams (1998), One Hour Photo (2002), and World's Greatest Dad (2009). He also starred in box office hits such as Hook (1991), Aladdin (1992), Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Jumanji (1995), The Birdcage (1996), Good Will Hunting (1997), and the Night at the Museum trilogy (2006\u20132014). He was nominated for four Academy Awards, winning Best Supporting Actor for Good Will Hunting. He also received two Primetime Emmy Awards, six Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and four Grammy Awards.\nIn August 2014, at the age of 63, Williams committed suicide by hanging at his home in Paradise Cay, California. His wife, Susan Schneider, attributed his suicide to his struggle with Lewy body dementia.", "Q354422": "Henry II of Champagne (or Henry I of Jerusalem) (29 July 1166 \u2013 10 September 1197) was count of Champagne from 1181 to 1197, and ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1192 to 1197, although he never used the title of king.", "Q1361688": "Mellin de Saint-Gelais (or Melin de Saint-Gelays or Sainct-Gelais; c. 1491 \u2013 October, 1558) was a French poet of the Renaissance and Poet Laureate of Francis I of France.", "Q216163": "Francis Daniel Pastorius (September 26, 1651 \u2013 c. 1720) was a German born educator, lawyer, poet, and public official. He was the founder of Germantown, Pennsylvania, now part of Philadelphia, the first permanent German-American settlement and the gateway for subsequent emigrants from Germany.", "Q1157396": "Dagur K\u00e1ri (born Dagur K\u00e1ri P\u00e9tursson; 12 December 1973) is an Icelandic film director.\nHe was born in Paris, France, to Icelandic parents, and returned to Iceland when he was 3 years old. Dagur graduated from the National Film School of Denmark in 1999, with art house short movie Lost Weekend. The film got off to a good start, and gained the first popularity winning 11 prizes on the international festival circuit.", "Q171626": "Pope Urban VI (Latin: Urbanus VI; c. 1318 \u2013 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano (Italian pronunciation: [bartolo\u02c8m\u025b\u02d0o pri\u0272\u02c8\u0272a\u02d0no]), was the Roman claimant to the headship of the Catholic Church from 8 April 1378 to his death. He was the most recent pope to be elected from outside the College of Cardinals. His pontificate began shortly after the end of the Avignon Papacy. It was marked by immense conflict between rival factions as part of the Western Schism, with much of Europe recognizing Clement VII, based in Avignon, as the true pope.\n\n", "Q22290": "Olympia Jean Snowe (n\u00e9e Bouchles; born February 21, 1947) is an American businesswoman and politician who was a United States Senator from Maine from 1995 to 2013. Snowe, a member of the Republican Party, became widely known for her ability to influence the outcome of close votes, including whether to end filibusters. In 2006, she was named one of America's Best Senators by Time Magazine. Snowe was famously known for her ability to compromise and her strong sense of bipartisanship. Throughout her senate career, she was considered one of the most moderate members of the senate.On February 28, 2012, Snowe announced that she would not seek re-election in November 2012, and retired when her third term ended on January 3, 2013. She cited hyper-partisanship leading to a dysfunctional Congress as the reason for her retirement from the Senate. Her seat went to former Governor Angus King, a former Democrat and current Independent.\nSnowe is a senior fellow for the Bipartisan Policy Center and co-chairs its Commission on Political Reform.", "Q138540": "Michael Drayton (1563 \u2013 23 December 1631) was an English poet who came to prominence in the Elizabethan era.", "Q90422": "Grete Gulbransson (born Jehly, 31 July 1882 \u2013 26 March 1934) was an Austrian writer and poet, best known for her 1934 family chronicle Geliebte Schatten, which became a best-seller.", "Q703955": "The Deutsches Theater in Berlin is a well-known German theater. It was built in 1850 as Friedrich-Wilhelm-St\u00e4dtisches Theater, after Frederick William IV of Prussia. Located on Schumann Street (Schumannstra\u00dfe), the Deutsches Theater consists of two adjoining stages that share a common, classical facade. The main stage was built in 1850, originally for operettas.\nAdolf L'Arronge founded the Deutsches Theater in 1883 with the ambition of providing Berliners with a high-quality ensemble-based repertory company on the model of the German court theater, the Meiningen Ensemble, which had been developed by Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and his colleagues to become \"the most widely admired and imitated company in Europe\", thanks to its historically accurate sets and costumes, vividly-realized crowd scenes, and meticulous directorial control.Otto Brahm, the leading exponent of theatrical Naturalism in Germany, took over the direction of the theater in 1894, and applied that approach to a combination of classical productions and stagings of the work of the new realistic playwrights.One of Brahm's ensemble, the legendary theater director Max Reinhardt, took over the directorship in 1904. Under his leadership it acquired a reputation as one of the most significant theaters in the world. In 1905 he founded a theater-school and built a chamber theater. Reinhardt remained the artistic director of the theater until he fled Nazi Germany in 1933.The Deutsches Theater remains one of the most prominent companies in Berlin.\n\n", "Q205679": "The London Borough of Hackney ( (listen) HAK-nee) is a London borough in Inner London. The historical and administrative heart of Hackney is Mare Street, which lies 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Charing Cross. The borough is named after Hackney, its principal district. Southern and eastern parts of the borough are popularly regarded as being part of east London, with the northwest belonging to north London.\nThe London Plan issued by the Greater London Authority assigns whole boroughs to sub-regions for statutory monitoring, engagement and resource allocation purposes. The most recent (2011) iteration of this plan assigns Hackney to the \u2018East\u2019 sub-region, while the 2008 and 2004 versions assigned the borough to \u2018North\u2019 and \u2018East\u2019 sub-regions respectively. The modern borough was formed 1965 by the merger of the Metropolitan Borough of Hackney with the much smaller Metropolitan Boroughs of Stoke Newington and Shoreditch.\nHackney is bounded by Islington to the west, Haringey to the north, Waltham Forest to the north-east, Newham to the east, Tower Hamlets to the south-east and the City of London to the south-west. Hackney was one of the host boroughs of the London Olympics in 2012, with several of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park venues falling within its boundaries.", "Q1294403": "Edwin Augustus Stevens (July 28, 1795 \u2013 August 8, 1868) was an American engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur who left a bequest that was used to establish the Stevens Institute of Technology.", "Q242532": "Anna Maria (Marie) Mancini (28 August 1639 \u2013 8 May 1715) was the third of the five Mancini sisters; nieces to Cardinal Mazarin who were brought to France to marry advantageously. Along with two of their female Martinozzi cousins, the Mancini sisters were known at the court of King Louis XIV of France as the Mazarinettes.", "Q658945": "The Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung (NZZ; \"New Journal of Z\u00fcrich\") is a Swiss, German-language daily newspaper, published by NZZ Mediengruppe in Z\u00fcrich. The paper was founded in 1780. It has a reputation as a high-quality newspaper and as the Swiss newspaper of record. The NZZ is known for its objectivity and detailed reports on international affairs.", "Q898188": "Melchior Lengyel (12 January 1880 \u2013 23 October 1974) was a Hungarian writer, dramatist, and film screenwriter of Jewish heritage.", "Q797846": "Girton College is one of the 31 constituent colleges of the University of Cambridge. The college was established in 1869 by Emily Davies and Barbara Bodichon as the first women's college in Cambridge. In 1948, it was granted full college status by the university, marking the official admittance of women to the university. In 1976, it was the first Cambridge women's college to become coeducational.\nThe main College site, situated on the outskirts of the village of Girton, about 2.5 miles (4 km) northwest of the university town, comprises 33 acres (13.4 ha) of land. In a typical Victorian red brick design, most was built by architect Alfred Waterhouse between 1872 and 1887. It provides extensive sports facilities, an indoor swimming pool, an award-winning library and a chapel with two organs. There is an accommodation annexe, known as Swirles Court, situated in the Eddington neighborhood of the North West Cambridge development. Swirles opened in 2017 and provides up to 325 en-suite single rooms for graduates, and for second-year undergraduates and above.\nThe College has several equal-access admittance schemes. It has a reputation for musical talent. Several art collections are held on the main site, including People's Portraits, the millennial exhibition of the Royal Society of Portrait Painters, and an Egyptian collection containing the world's most reproduced portrait mummy.\nAmong Girton's notable alumni are Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, UK Supreme Court President Lady Hale, HuffPost co-founder Arianna Huffington, the comedian/author Sandi Toksvig, the comedian/broadcaster/GP Phil Hammond, the economist Joan Robinson, and the anthropologist Marilyn Strathern, also Mistress from 1998 to 2009.\nIts sister college is Somerville College, one of the first two women's colleges of Oxford.", "Q679753": "West Point is the oldest continuously occupied military post in the United States. Located on the Hudson River in New York, West Point was identified by General George Washington as the most important strategic position in America during the American Revolution. Until January 1778, West Point was not occupied by the military. On January 27, 1778, Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons and his brigade crossed the ice on the Hudson River and climbed to the plain on West Point and from that day to the present, West Point has been occupied by the United States Army. It comprises approximately 16,000 acres (6,500 ha) including the campus of the United States Military Academy, which is commonly called \"West Point\".\nIt is a Census Designated Place (CDP) located in the Town of Highlands in Orange County, New York, located on the western bank of the Hudson River. The population was 6,763 at the 2010 census. It is part of the New York\u2013Newark\u2013Jersey City, NY\u2013NJ\u2013PA Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York\u2013Newark, NY\u2013NJ\u2013CT\u2013PA Combined Statistical Area.", "Q9640": "Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908 \u2013 January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. Formerly the 37th vice president from 1961 to 1963, he assumed the presidency following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. A Democrat from Texas, Johnson also served as a United States Representative and as the Majority Leader in the United States Senate. Johnson is one of only four people who have served in all four federal elected positions.Born in a farmhouse in Stonewall, Texas, Johnson was a high school teacher and worked as a congressional aide before winning election to the US House of Representatives in 1937. Johnson won election to the United States Senate from Texas in 1948 after winning the Democratic Party's nomination by an extremely narrow margin with fraudulent votes that were manufactured by friendly political machines. He was appointed to the position of Senate Majority Whip in 1951. He became the Senate Minority Leader in 1953 and the Senate Majority Leader in 1955.\nHe became known for his domineering personality and the \"Johnson treatment\", his aggressive coercion of powerful politicians to advance legislation. Along with Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives Sam Rayburn, Senate Majority Whip Earle Clements, and House Majority Whip Carl Albert, Johnson did not sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto drafted by Southern Democrats in the 84th U.S. Congress, despite all representing states where racial segregation of public schools had been legally required prior to the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education U.S. Supreme Court case. As Majority Leader, Johnson shepherded to passage the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960; the first civil rights bills passed by the U.S. Congress since the Reconstruction Era (1863\u20131877).\nJohnson ran for the Democratic nomination in the 1960 presidential election. Although unsuccessful, he accepted the invitation of then-Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts to be his running mate. They went on to win a close election over the Republican ticket of Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. On November 22, 1963, Kennedy was assassinated and Johnson succeeded him as president. The following year, Johnson won in a landslide, defeating Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona. With 61.1 percent of the popular vote, Johnson won the largest share of the popular vote of any candidate since the largely uncontested 1820 election.\nIn domestic policy, Johnson designed the \"Great Society\" legislation to expand civil rights, public broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, aid to education, the arts, urban and rural development, public services and his \"War on Poverty\". Assisted in part by a growing economy, the War on Poverty helped millions of Americans rise above the poverty line during his administration. Civil rights bills that he signed into law banned racial discrimination in public facilities, interstate commerce, the workplace and housing; the Voting Rights Act prohibited certain requirements in southern states used to disenfranchise African Americans. With the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, the country's immigration system was reformed, encouraging greater emigration from regions other than Europe. Johnson's presidency marked the peak of modern liberalism after the New Deal era.\nIn foreign policy, Johnson escalated American involvement in the Vietnam War. In 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which granted Johnson the power to use military force in Southeast Asia without having to ask for an official declaration of war. The number of American military personnel in Vietnam increased dramatically, from 16,000 advisors in non-combat roles in 1963 to 525,000 in 1967, many in combat roles. American casualties soared and the peace process stagnated. Growing unease with the war stimulated a large, angry anti-war movement based chiefly among draft-age students on university campuses.\nJohnson faced further troubles when summer riots began in major cities in 1965 and crime rates soared, as his opponents raised demands for \"law and order\" policies. While Johnson began his presidency with widespread approval, support for him declined as the public became frustrated with both the war and the growing violence at home. In 1968, the Democratic Party factionalized as anti-war elements denounced Johnson; he ended his bid for renomination after a disappointing finish in the New Hampshire primary. Nixon was elected to succeed him, as the New Deal coalition that had dominated presidential politics for 36 years collapsed. After he left office in January 1969, Johnson returned to his Texas ranch, where he died of a heart attack at age 64, on January 22, 1973.\nJohnson is ranked favorably by many historians because of his domestic policies and the passage of many major laws that affected civil rights, gun control, wilderness preservation, and Social Security, although he also drew substantial criticism for his escalation of the Vietnam War.\n\n", "Q553116": "Judd Alan Gregg (born February 14, 1947) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 76th Governor of New Hampshire and was a United States Senator from New Hampshire; in the Senate, Gregg served as chairman of the Senate Health Committee and the Senate Budget Committee. He is a member of the Republican Party and was a businessman and attorney in Nashua before entering politics. He currently serves as the Chair of the Public Advisory Board at the New Hampshire Institute of Politics at Saint Anselm College. Gregg was nominated for Secretary of Commerce in the Cabinet by President Barack Obama, but withdrew his name on February 12, 2009. He would have been up for re-election in 2010, but chose not to run. In the November 2010 elections, former State Attorney General Kelly Ayotte, also a Republican, was elected to succeed Gregg in the Senate. On May 27, 2011, Goldman Sachs announced that Gregg had been named an international advisor to the firm. In May 2013, Gregg was named the CEO of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, a Wall Street lobbying group. He later stepped down as CEO in December 2013 and became a senior adviser.\nFor the United States presidential election in 2016 Gregg endorsed former Florida Governor Jeb Bush, and upon Bush's suspension of his campaign Gregg endorsed Ohio Governor John Kasich.", "Q457402": "Mart\u00edn Caparr\u00f3s (born May 29, 1957 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is a writer. His father was Antonio Caparr\u00f3s, a renowned psychiatrist. Caparr\u00f3s begun professional writing at age sixteen, shortly after graduating from high school at the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires. His first professional job in journalism was with the now defunct daily Noticias. In 1976, Caparr\u00f3s fled to exile following the military coup led by General Jorge Rafael Videla. In Paris, he obtained a degree in history at the University of Paris. Caparr\u00f3s would later relocate to Madrid, Spain. During the early 1980s, he resettled to Buenos Aires and since then he has produced a vast body of work including fiction and nonfiction alike.", "Q96735": "Sabine B\u00e4tzing-Lichtenth\u00e4ler (born 13 February 1975) is a German politician and member of the SPD.", "Q178602": "Laurence Stanley Payne (5 June 1919 \u2013 23 February 2009) was an English actor and novelist.", "Q286570": "Althea Rae Duhinio Janairo (born January 2, 1967), known professionally as Tia Carrere (), is an American actress, singer, and former model, who obtained her first big break as a regular on the daytime soap opera General Hospital.\nShe played Cassandra Wong in the feature films Wayne's World and Wayne's World 2; Juno Skinner in True Lies; Nani Pelekai in Lilo & Stitch, its sequel films, and Lilo & Stitch: The Series; Queen Tyr'ahnee in Duck Dodgers; Richard Lewis's girlfriend, Cha Cha, in Curb Your Enthusiasm; and starred as Sydney Fox in the television series Relic Hunter, as well as Lady Danger opposite RuPaul in Netflix's AJ and the Queen. She appeared as a contestant in the second season of Dancing with the Stars and the fifth season of The Celebrity Apprentice.", "Q214012": "Heinrich Theodor von Sch\u00f6n (20 January 1773 \u2013 23 July 1856) was a Prussian statesman who assisted in the liberal reforms in Prussia during the Napoleonic Wars.\n\n", "Q74968": "William Armisted Burwell (March 15, 1780 \u2013 February 16, 1821) was a nineteenth-century congressman and presidential secretary from Virginia.", "Q86526": "Hans Krebs (26 April 1888 \u2013 15 February 1947) was an Ethnic German Nazi Party member and SS-Brigadef\u00fchrer from Czechoslovakia. Krebs was executed for war crimes by the Czechoslovak government in Prague in 1947.\n\n", "Q3710399": "Donald Bruce Gillies (October 15, 1928 \u2013 July 17, 1975) was a Canadian computer scientist and mathematician who worked in the fields of computer design, game theory, and minicomputer programming environments.", "Q89615": "Claudia Schmied (May 10, 1959) is an Austrian politician, a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria.\nShe was born in Vienna and attended elementary school and secondary school there. Schmied went on to study business administration at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. She worked at the Investkredit Bank AG from 1983 to 1997. From 1997 to 1999, she was a policy advisor to the German Minister of Finance Rudolf Edlinger. From 2000 to 2004, she was head of the finance department at Investkredit Bank AG. She served on the board of Kommunalkredit Austria from 2004 to 2007 and on the board of Dexia Kommunalkredit Bank AG from 2005 to 2007. She also was a lecturer at the Vienna University of Economics and Business.Schmied was Minister of Education, the Arts and Cultural Affairs from 2007 to 2013, serving in the Gusenbauer government and then the first Faymann government. At the end of September 2013, she announced her decision to leave politics.", "Q1008686": "Ivan\u010dice (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8\u026avant\u0283\u026ats\u025b]; German: Eibensch\u00fctz, Yiddish: \u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d1\u05e2\u05e9\u05d9\u05e5\u200e) is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic, 21 kilometres (13 mi) south-west of Brno. The town has approximately 9,700 inhabitants. It lies on the confluence of Oslava, Jihlava and Rokytn\u00e1 rivers.", "Q378876": "Richard \"Richie\" Hawtin (born June 4, 1970) is a British-Canadian electronic musician and DJ. A three-time DJ Awards winner, he became involved with Detroit techno's second wave in the early 1990s and has been a leading exponent of minimal techno since the mid-1990s. He became known for his recordings under the Plastikman and F.U.S.E. aliases. Under the latter, he released his debut album Dimension Intrusion (1993) as part of Warp's Artificial Intelligence series.\nIn May 1990 Hawtin and John Acquaviva founded the Plus 8 record label, which they named after their turntable's pitch adjust function. In 1998, Hawtin launched M-nus Records. In summer 2012 Hawtin first presented ENTER., his experimental event at Space in Ibiza. In 2016, Hawtin launched his own technology company called PLAYdifferently, and released the MODEL 1 mixer, co-designed with Andy Rigby-Jones.", "Q668138": "Gordevio was a municipality in the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 20 April 2008, Avegno and Gordevio merged to form Avegno Gordevio.", "Q137115": "Lucy Lippard (born April 14, 1937) is an American writer, art critic, activist and curator. Lippard was among the first writers to argue for the \"dematerialization\" at work in conceptual art and was an early champion of feminist art. She is the author of 21 books on contemporary art and has received numerous awards and accolades from literary critics and art associations.", "Q437490": "Barbara La Marr (born Reatha Dale Watson; July 28, 1896 \u2013 January 30, 1926) was an American film actress and screenwriter who appeared in 27 films during her career between 1920 and 1926. La Marr was also noted by the media for her beauty, dubbed as the \"Girl Who Is Too Beautiful,\" as well as her tumultuous personal life.\nBorn in Yakima, Washington, La Marr spent her early life in the Pacific Northwest before relocating with her family to California when she was a teenager. After performing in vaudeville and working as a dancer in New York City, she moved to Los Angeles with her second husband and became a screenplay writer for Fox Film, writing several successful films for the company. She finally was \"discovered\" by Douglas Fairbanks who gave her a prominent role in The Nut (1921), then cast her as Milady de Winter in his production of The Three Musketeers (1921). After two further career-boosting films with director Rex Ingram (his version of The Prisoner of Zenda and the Gothic drama Trifling Women, both with Ramon Novarro), La Marr signed with Arthur H. Sawyer to make several films for various studios, including The Hero (1923), Souls for Sale (1923), and The Shooting of Dan McGrew (1924), the first and last of which she co-wrote.\nDuring her career, La Marr became known as the pre-eminent vamp of the 1920s; she partied and drank heavily, once remarking to the press that she only slept two hours a night. In 1924, her health began to falter after a series of crash diets for comeback roles further affected her lifestyle, leading to her death from pulmonary tuberculosis and nephritis at age 29. She was posthumously honored on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions to the film industry.", "Q120469": "Luise von Ploennies (7 November 1803 \u2013 22 January 1872) was a German poet.", "Q65865": "Nesslau is a municipality in the Toggenburg district of the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland.\nThe current municipality was formed in 2013 and includes the villages of Nesslau, Krummenau and Stein.", "Q290312": "Carolina is a 2003 American-German romantic comedy film directed by Marleen Gorris, starring Julia Stiles, Shirley MacLaine, Alessandro Nivola, Mika Boorem, Randy Quaid, and Jennifer Coolidge. Lisa Sheridan has a cameo role in the film, and Barbara Eden has the uncredited part of Daphne. It is set in Los Angeles, California. Shot in 2003, the film failed to find a distributor and was released direct-to-video in 2005.\nMiramax Films was the domestic distributor, but failed to release it in theaters. When Harvey Weinstein screened the film he told the producers, \"You have a hit movie on your hands. We're going to blast this on MTV all over Super Bowl Weekend.\" The producers never heard about it again until 2005 when it was suddenly released direct-to-DVD.\nThe film began principal photography in July 2001. Kathy Bates originally was slated to play the role of Grandma Millicent Mirabeau, but dropped out after make-up and hair tests due to the shut down of the original production shoot date. Shirley MacLaine eventually stepped in to play the role.", "Q3442467": "Bertil Tallberg (September 17, 1883 \u2013 April 20, 1963) was a Finnish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.\nHe was a crew member of the Finnish boat Lucky Girl, which won the bronze medal in the 8 metre class.", "Q311618": "Ljubomir \"Ljubo\" Bandovi\u0107 (Serbian: \u0409\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; born 8 July 1976) is a Serbian actor. He has won many prestigious awards for acting in Serbia.\n\n", "Q57169": "Erhard Milch (30 March 1892 \u2013 25 January 1972) was a German field marshal who oversaw the development of the Luftwaffe as part of the re-armament of Nazi Germany following World War I. During World War II, he was in charge of aircraft production. He was convicted of war crimes during the Milch Trial held before the U.S. military court in 1947 and sentenced to life imprisonment; he was released in 1954.", "Q40415": "Impressionism is a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles. Impressionism originated with a group of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s.\nThe Impressionists faced harsh opposition from the conventional art community in France. The name of the style derives from the title of a Claude Monet work, Impression, soleil levant (Impression, Sunrise), which provoked the critic Louis Leroy to coin the term in a satirical review published in the Parisian newspaper Le Charivari.\nThe development of Impressionism in the visual arts was soon followed by analogous styles in other media that became known as impressionist music and impressionist literature.\n\n", "Q2722764": "A radio personality (American English) or radio presenter (British English) is a person who has an on-air position in radio broadcasting. A radio personality who hosts a radio show is also known as a radio host, and in India and Pakistan as a radio jockey. Radio personalities who introduce and play individual selections of recorded music are known as disc jockeys or \"DJs\" for short. Broadcast radio personalities may include talk radio hosts, AM/FM radio show hosts, and satellite radio program hosts.", "Q2407212": "Marcos Witt is an American Christian music singer and pastor. Marcos is considered the most influential and famous Spanish speaking figure of Christian music.", "Q201379": "Forgetting Sarah Marshall is a 2008 American romantic comedy film directed by Nicholas Stoller and starring Jason Segel, Kristen Bell, Mila Kunis and Russell Brand. The film, which was written by Segel and co-produced by Judd Apatow, was released by Universal Pictures. Filming began in April 2007 at the Turtle Bay Resort on the North Shore of Oahu Island in Hawaii. The film was released for North American theaters on April 18, 2008 and in the UK a week later on April 25, 2008.\nThe story revolves around Peter Bretter, who is a music composer for a TV show that happens to feature his girlfriend, Sarah Marshall, in the lead role. After a five-year relationship, Sarah abruptly breaks up with Peter. Devastated by this event, he chooses to go on a vacation in Hawaii, in order to try to move forward with his life. Trouble ensues when he runs into his ex on the island as she is vacationing with her new boyfriend.", "Q445760": "Terri Clark (born Terri Lynn Sauson; August 5, 1968) is a Canadian country music artist who has had success in both Canada and the United States. Signed to Mercury Records in 1995, she released her self-titled debut that year. Both it and its two follow-ups, 1996's Just the Same and 1998's How I Feel, were certified platinum in both countries, and produced several Top Ten country hits.\nHer fourth album, 2000's Fearless, though certified gold in Canada, was not as successful in the U.S., producing no Top 10 hits. Pain to Kill from 2003 restored her chart momentum in the U.S. with \"I Just Wanna Be Mad\" and \"I Wanna Do It All\", while a 2004 greatest hits album produced the Number One \"Girls Lie Too\". A non-album single, \"The World Needs a Drink\", and the 2005 album Life Goes On were her last releases for Mercury before she signed to BNA Records in 2007. There, she released the singles \"Dirty Girl\" and \"In My Next Life\". Although the latter went to Number One in Canada, she has not released an album for BNA.\nClark's albums have accounted for more than twenty singles, including six Number Ones. \"If I Were You\", \"Poor Poor Pitiful Me\", \"Emotional Girl\" and \"In My Next Life\" all topped the country charts in Canada (the former three were also U.S. Top Ten singles), \"Girls Lie Too\" reached Number One only in the U.S., and \"You're Easy on the Eyes\" was a Number One in both countries.", "Q180807": "Claudia Marcella Major (PIR2 C 1102; Major Latin for the elder, born 41 BC) also known as Claudia Marcella Maior; Marcella Maior; Claudia Marcella the Elder and Marcella the Elder, was the eldest daughter of Octavia Minor and her first husband Gaius Claudius Marcellus Minor.", "Q271846": "Margaret Avery (born January 20, 1944) is an American actress and singer. She began her career appearing on stage and later had starring roles in films including Cool Breeze (1972), Which Way Is Up? (1977), Scott Joplin (1977), and The Fish That Saved Pittsburgh (1979).\nAvery is best known for her performance as Shug Avery in the 1985 period drama film The Color Purple for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. She continued appearing in films include Blueberry Hill (1988), White Man's Burden (1995), Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins (2008), Meet the Browns (2008), and Proud Mary (2018). In 2013, Avery began starring as Helen Patterson, lead character's mother, in the BET drama series Being Mary Jane.", "Q283408": "Dmitry Alexeevich Glukhovsky (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043b\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, born 12 June 1979) is a Russian author and journalist best known for the science fiction novel Metro 2033 and its sequels.\nAs a journalist, Dmitry Glukhovsky has worked for EuroNews, RT, among others. Glukhovsky has lived in Israel, Germany and France but currently lives in Moscow.", "Q69087": "Gorch Fock (German pronunciation: [\u0261\u0254\u0280x f\u0254k]) was the pseudonym of the German author Johann Wilhelm Kinau (22 August 1880 \u2013 31 May 1916). Other pseudonyms he used were Jakob Holst and Giorgio Focco.\n\n", "Q365199": "Not to be confused with the actor Victor Sen Yung who was sometimes billed as Victor YoungAlbert Victor Young (August 8, 1900 \u2013 November 10, 1956) was an American composer, arranger, violinist and conductor.", "Q152941": "George Henry Irving (October 5, 1874 \u2013 September 11, 1961) was an American film actor and director.", "Q1586248": "Harrison Bankhead (born in Waukegan, Illinois) is an American jazz double-bassist.\nBankhead became associated with the Chicago jazz scene in the early 1980s. He became associated early in his career with Fred Anderson, playing frequently with Anderson on tour as well as at Anderson's Chicago club, the Velvet Lounge. In addition to Anderson, Bankhead has worked with Oliver Lake, Roscoe Mitchell, Von Freeman, Malachi Thompson, 8 Bold Souls, and Hamid Drake, and is a member of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians. His first album as a leader, Morning Sun/Harvest Moon, was released on Engine, a sublabel of ESP-Disk, in 2011, and featured sidemen Edward Wilkerson, Jr., Mars Williams, James Sanders, Avreeayl Ra, and Ernie Adams. He followed this with Velvet Blue, with Wilkerson, Williams, and Ra, whose name and title track pay tribute to Fred Anderson and the Velvet Lounge.", "Q342526": "Brian Elwin Haner Jr. (born July 7, 1981), better known by his stage name Synyster Gates or simply Syn, is an American musician, best known for being the lead guitarist and backing vocalist of the band Avenged Sevenfold. He ranks No. 87 on Guitar World's 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. Gates was voted as Best Metal Guitarist in the World by Total Guitar in 2016 and once again in 2017.", "Q125511": "Barbara K\u00f6hler (born April 11, 1959) is a German poet and translator.\nShe was born in Burgst\u00e4dt, East Germany, but was raised in Penig. She studied at the Johannes R. Becher Literature Institute in Leipzig in 1985. She was there for three years then later started writing for magazines. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, she was able to publish her first collection, Deutsches Roulette, meaning German Roulette, in 1991 with the publishing company Suhrkamp Verlag. Many more publications such as her poetry collection Blue Box (1995) and Wittgensteins Nichte (1999), meaning Wittgenstein\u2019s Niece, came soon afterwards.She released Niemands Frau, her most well known work, in 2007. Meaning Nobody's Wife, Niemands Frau tells the story of the Odyssey in the perspective of its female characters. K\u00f6hler explains in her Afterword this was done so as to not make them \"there in the story as though they weren\u2019t really there: just there for him, for the hero.\" In 2009, K\u00f6hler won the Poetry Prize of the German Industry Culture Group, among several other awards, for Niemands Frau.K\u00f6hler now lives in Duisburg and has been since 1994. She has worked as an English and French translator. She has been recognized for her versions of Gertrude Stein and Samuel Beckett.", "Q71804": "Karl-Herbert Scheer (June 19, 1928 in Harheim (now part of Frankfurt) \u2013 September 15, 1991) was a German science fiction writer, usually credited as K. H. Scheer.\nScheer was born in the Hessian town of Harheim in 1928. Towards the end of World War II he began training as a marine engineer, but the war ended before he was called to active service. After the war, he started working on science fiction novels.\nHis novel Stern A funkt Hilfe (\"Star A distress call\"), which started his successful career in German science fiction, was possibly first published in serialised form in 1948 (sources differ), but certainly in 1952 as a library edition hardcover.Scheer created the science fiction series \"ZbV\", which ran from 1958 to 1980. In 1960 he joined forces with Walter Ernsting (under the pen name Clark Dalton). Together, they developed the Perry Rhodan series, which has since become the worlds largest science fiction series, with uninterrupted weekly publication of a new novel/novella since Unternehmen Stardust in 1961, and a circulation exceeding 1.5 billion volumes. Scheer wrote over 70 of the novels in the series, as well as the synopses for the first ca. 650 volumes, before passing on the role as lead author to William Voltz. He also developed the concept for Perry Rhodan's sibling series Atlan, which published 850 instalments between 1969 and 1988.\nIn the 1970s, health issues caused him to withdraw from Perry Rhodan, but continued to work on other projects. He returned to his biggest creation in the 1980s. Scheer died in 1991 at the age of 63 in Friedrichsdorf.", "Q380667": "Predators is a 2010 American science fiction action film directed by Nimr\u00f3d Antal and starring Adrien Brody, Topher Grace, Alice Braga, Walton Goggins, and Laurence Fishburne. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the third installment of the Predator franchise.\nThe film follows an ensemble cast of characters including Royce (Adrien Brody), a mercenary who appears in an unidentified jungle among other proficient killers. They find that they have been abducted and placed on a planet which acts as a game reserve for two warring tribes of extraterrestrial killers, and actively look for a way to return to Earth.\nProducer Robert Rodriguez had developed a script for a third instalment as early as 1994, although it was not until 2009 that 20th Century Fox greenlit the project. According to Rodriguez, the title Predators is an allusion to the second film in the Alien franchise, Aliens (1986). The title also has a double meaning, referring both to the extraterrestrial Predator creatures and to the group of human characters who are pitted against them. Principal photography for Predators began on September 28, 2009 and concluded after 53 days; filming took place in Hawaii and then in Austin, Texas.\nPredators was released in the United States on July 9, 2010, grossed over $24 million on its opening weekend, and has since grossed over $52 million in the United States, with an estimated total of $127 million worldwide.\nA sequel, The Predator, was released in 2018.", "Q1347883": "Fran\u00e7ois, marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat (August 18, 1754 \u2013 October 3, 1833), French general and military engineer, was born at Saint-Sornin (Charente Inferieure), of a noble family, and entered the French engineers in 1774.\nHe was still a subaltern at the outbreak of the Revolution, becoming captain in 1791. His ability as a military engineer was recognized in the campaigns of 1792 and 1793. In the following year he won distinction in various actions and was promoted successively chef de bataillon and colonel. He was chief of engineers at the siege of Mainz in 1793, after which he was sent to Italy. He there commanded the positions and lines of advance of the army of Bonaparte. He was promoted brigadier-general before the close of the campaign, and was subsequently employed in fortifying the new Rhine frontier of France.\nHis work as chief of engineers in the army of Italy (1799) was conspicuously successful, and after the battle of Novi he was made general of division. When Napoleon took the field in 1800 to retrieve the disasters of 1799, he again selected Chasseloup as his engineer general. During the peace of 1801-1805 he was chiefly employed in reconstructing the defences of northern Italy, and in particular the afterwards famous Quadrilateral. His chef-d'\u0153uvre was the great fortress of Alessandria on the Tanaro.\nIn 1805 he remained in Italy with Andr\u00e9 Mass\u00e9na, but at the end of 1806 Napoleon, then engaged in the Polish campaign, called him to the Grande Arm\u00e9e, with which he served in the campaign of 1806-07, directing the sieges of Colberg, Danzig and Stralsund. During the Napoleonic domination in Germany, Chasseloup reconstructed many fortresses, in particular Magdeburg. In the campaign of 1809 he again served in Italy. In 1810 Napoleon made him a councillor of state. His last campaign was that of 1812 in Russia.\nHe retired from active service soon afterwards, though in 1814 he was occasionally engaged in the inspection and construction of fortifications. Louis XVIII made him a peer of France and a knight of St Louis. He refused to join Napoleon in the Hundred Days, but after the second Restoration he voted in the chamber of peers against the condemnation of Marshal Ney.\nIn politics he belonged to the constitutional party. The king created him a marquis. Chasseloup's later years were employed chiefly in putting in order his manuscripts, a task which he had to abandon owing to the failure of his sight. His only published work was Correspondance d'un g\u00e9n\u00e9ral fran\u00e7ais, etc. sur divers sujets (Paris, 1801, republished Milan, 1805 and 1811, under the title Correspondance de deux g\u00e9n\u00e9rals, etc., essais sur quelques parties d'artillerie et de fortification). The most important of his papers are in manuscript in the Depot of Fortifications, Paris.\nAs an engineer Chasseloup was an adherent, though of advanced views, of the old bastioned system perfected by Vauban. He followed in many respects the engineer H.J.B. de Bousmard, whose Essai General de Fortification was published in 1797 and who fell, as a Prussian officer, in the defence of Danzig in 1807 against Chasseloup's own attack. His front as applied to Alessandria, contains many elaborations of the bastion trace, with, in particular, masked flanks in the tenaille, which served as extra flanks of the bastions. The bastion itself was carefully and minutely retrenched. The ordinary ravelin he replaced by a heavy casemated caponier after the example of Montalembert, and, like Bousmard's, his own ravelin was a large and powerful work pushed out beyond the glacis.\nHis wife, the daughter of Fran\u00e7ois Fresneau de La Gataudi\u00e8re, brought him the Ch\u00e2teau de la Gataudi\u00e8re, at Marennes, Charente-Maritime; his youngest son, Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat, was Minister of the Navy under Napoleon III.", "Q464962": "Robert Louis Johnson (born April 8, 1946) is an American entrepreneur, media magnate, executive, philanthropist, and investor. He is the co-founder of BET, which was acquired by Viacom in 2001. He also founded RLJ Companies, a holding company that invests in various business sectors. Johnson is the former majority owner of the Charlotte Bobcats. He became the first black American billionaire. Johnson's companies have counted among the most prominent African-American businesses in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.", "Q3072747": "Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts is a high school specializing in teaching visual arts and performing arts, located near Lincoln Center in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of the Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York City, in the U.S. state of New York. Located at 100 Amsterdam Avenue between West 64th and 65th Streets, the school is operated by the New York City Department of Education, and resulted from the merger of the High School of Music & Art and the School of Performing Arts. The school has a dual mission of arts and academics, preparing students for a career in the arts or conservatory study as well as a pursuit of higher education.\nInformally known as LaGuardia Arts, LaG, School of the Arts, or LaGuardia High School, the school is the only one among the nine specialized high schools in New York City that receives special funding from the New York State legislature through the Hecht Calandra Act, as well as the only specialized high school that does not use the Specialized High Schools Admissions Test (SHSAT) as admissions criteria.The school in 2019\u20132020 has 3,011 students and 163 staff members, with a teacher\u2013student ratio of 1:20.", "Q924717": "Jerry Wayne Hussey (born 26 May 1958) is an English musician who was born in Bristol, England. He is best known as the lead singer of The Mission, and the guitarist with The Sisters of Mercy.", "Q165121": "Ernest Ezra Mandel (Dutch: [man\u02c8d\u025bl]; also known by various pseudonyms such as Ernest Germain, Pierre Gousset, Henri Vallin, Walter; 5 April 1923 \u2013 20 July 1995), was a Belgian Marxian economist and a Trotskyist activist and theorist. He fought in the underground resistance against the Nazis during the occupation of Belgium.", "Q123174": "Vanessa Anne Hudgens (born December 14, 1988) is an American actress and singer. After making her feature film debut in Thirteen (2003), Hudgens rose to fame portraying Gabriella Montez in the High School Musical film series (2006\u20132008), which brought her significant mainstream success. The success of the first film led to Hudgens' acquiring a recording contract with Hollywood Records, with whom she released two studio albums, V (2006) and Identified (2008).\nSince the release of her studio albums and the High School Musical franchise, Hudgens has focused on her acting career. She has appeared in the films Bandslam (2009), Beastly (2011), Sucker Punch (2011), Journey 2: The Mysterious Island (2012), Spring Breakers (2013), The Princess Switch (2018), Second Act (2018), and Bad Boys for Life (2020). She played the title role in the Broadway musical Gigi in 2015, and had roles in two of Fox's live musical productions: Rizzo in Grease: Live in 2016, and Maureen Johnson in Rent: Live in 2019.", "Q50612": "Susan Elizabeth Rice (born November 17, 1964) is a former American public official who served as the 24th U.S. National Security Advisor from 2013 to 2017. Rice was on the staff of the National Security Council and was the Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs during President Bill Clinton's second term. A Brookings Institution fellow, she served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations from 2009 to 2013. The U.S. Senate confirmed her as ambassador by unanimous consent on January 22, 2009.\nMentioned as a possible replacement for retiring U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in 2012, Rice withdrew from consideration following controversy related to the 2012 attack on the U.S. consulate in Benghazi, saying that if she were nominated, \"the confirmation process would be lengthy, disruptive, and costly.\" She succeeded Tom Donilon as National Security Advisor on July 1, 2013.\n\n", "Q60909": "Otto Karl Gessler (or Ge\u00dfler) (6 February 1875 \u2013 24 March 1955) was a liberal German politician during the Weimar Republic. From 1910 until 1914, he was mayor of Regensburg and from 1913 to 1919 mayor of Nuremberg. He served in numerous Weimar cabinets, most notably as Reichswehrminister (Minister of Defence) from 1920 to 1928.", "Q701830": "Zhang Ruimin (Chinese: \u5f20\u745e\u654f; pinyin: Zh\u0101ng Ru\u00ecm\u012dn; born January 5, 1949 in Laizhou, Shandong) is a Chinese politician and chief executive officer of Haier Group. He is known for his work in turning a little-known, bankrupt refrigerator manufacturer into the world's fourth-largest white appliances company.", "Q241749": "Bailee Madison (born October 15, 1999) is an American actress. She first gained acclaim for her role as May Belle Aarons in the fantasy drama film Bridge to Terabithia (2007). Madison received further recognition for her starring roles as Isabelle in the war drama film Brothers (2009), Sally Hurst in the horror film Don't Be Afraid of the Dark (2010), Maggie in the romantic comedy film Just Go with It (2011), Harper Simmons in the comedy film Parental Guidance (2012), Clementine in the fantasy film Northpole (2014), and Kinsey in the slasher horror film The Strangers: Prey at Night (2018).\nOn television, she appeared as Maxine Russo in the fantasy sitcom Wizards of Waverly Place (2011), young Snow White in the fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time (2012\u201316), Hillary Harrison in the sitcom Trophy Wife (2013\u201314), and Sophia Quinn in the drama series The Fosters (2014\u201316). From 2015 to 2019, Madison starred as Grace Russell in the Hallmark Channel comedy-drama series Good Witch.", "Q1075651": "A keyboardist or keyboard player is a musician who plays keyboard instruments. Until the early 1960s musicians who played keyboards were generally classified as either pianists or organists. Since the mid-1960s, a plethora of new musical instruments with keyboards have come into common usage, such as synthesizers and digital piano, requiring a more general term for a person who plays them. In the 2010s, professional keyboardists in popular music often play a variety of different keyboard instruments, including piano, tonewheel organ, synthesizer, and clavinet. Some keyboardists may also play related instruments such as piano accordion, melodica, pedal keyboard, or keyboard-layout bass pedals.", "Q314774": "Salman Taseer (Urdu: \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u200e; (1944-05-31)31 May 1944 \u2013 4 January 2011) was a Pakistani businessman and a liberal politician, who served as the 26th Governor of Punjab from 2008 until his assassination in 2011.A member of the Pakistan Peoples Party since the 1980s, he was elected to the Punjab Assembly from Lahore in the 1988 election, however lost in 1990, 1993 and then in 1997. Taseer served as a minister in the caretaker cabinet of Prime Minister Mian Soomro under Pervez Musharraf during the 2008 elections. He was appointed as the governor of Punjab on 15 May 2008, by then-President Musharraf at the request of Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani. During his governorship, he emerged as an outspoken critic of the Pakistan's blasphemy laws and consequently called for the pardon for Asia Bibi.Born in Shimla in British India, Taseer studied at the St. Anthony's School and the Government College in Lahore before moving to London where he studied accountancy at the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. In 1994, Taseer established a brokerage house backed by the Smith Barney and in 1996 he founded the Worldcall Group. He later in 2000s ventured into media, launching Business Plus and Daily Times.On 4 January 2011, he was assassinated at the Kohsar Market in Islamabad by his bodyguard Mumtaz Qadri, who disagreed with Taseer's opposition to Pakistan's blasphemy law. The Guardian described Taseer's murder as \"one of the most traumatic events in recent Pakistani history.\" A nationwide three-day state of mourning was held in Pakistan, Taseer's funeral prayers where held as the Governors House in Lahore. Taseer's son, Shahbaz, was kidnapped by the Pakistani Taliban in 2011, before being released in 2016, a few months after Taseer's murderer was hanged. Taseer's other son, Shaan, is a leading critic of the country's blasphemy law.\n\n", "Q95228": "Karl Weinrich (2 December 1887, in Molmeck \u2013 22 July 1973, in Hausen) was NSDAP Gauleiter of Kurhessen.\nKarl Weinrich was a member of the Nazi Party from August 1922. From 1925 to 1927 he was the NSDAP's Gau Treasurer. From 1930 to 1933 he was a member of the Prussian Landtag, and as of 12 November 1933 a member of the Reichstag for the electoral district of Hesse-Nassau. He was from 1928 to 1943 Gauleiter of Kurhessen. Shortly after the bomb attack of 22 October 1943 on Kassel, which destroyed the whole inner city, he was stripped of his office and succeeded by Karl Gerland. Weinrich survived the war, was sentenced to a ten-year prison term in 1949, and died in 1973.", "Q321917": "Spalding Gray (June 5, 1941 \u2013 January 11, 2004) was an American actor and writer. He is best known for the autobiographical monologues that he wrote and performed for the theater in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as for his film adaptations of these works, beginning in 1987. He wrote and starred in several, working with different directors.\nTheater critics John Willis and Ben Hodges described his monologue work as \"trenchant, personal narratives delivered on sparse, unadorned sets with a dry, WASP, quiet mania.\" Gray achieved renown for his monologue Swimming to Cambodia, which he adapted as a 1987 film in which he starred; it was directed by Jonathan Demme. Other of his monologues which Gray adapted for film were Monster in a Box (1991), directed by Nick Broomfield, and Gray's Anatomy (1996), directed by Steven Soderbergh.\nGray is believed to have died by suicide by jumping into New York City's East River in January 2004, when he was found drowned, after struggling with depression and severe injuries following a car accident. Steven Soderbergh made a documentary film about Gray's life titled And Everything Is Going Fine (2010). An unfinished monologue and a selection from his journals were published in 2005 and 2011, respectively.", "Q457370": "Carlos Heitor Cony (March 14, 1926 \u2013 January 5, 2018) was a Brazilian journalist and writer. He was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (Portuguese: Academia Brasileira de Letras).Cony viewed himself as center-leftist and faced persecution under the military government in the 1960s. Four of his works were adapted to movies. He was a columnist at the Brazilian newspaper Folha de S.Paulo.", "Q382070": "Ren\u00e9 Mayer (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0281\u0259ne maj\u025b\u0281]; 4 May 1895, in Paris \u2013 13 December 1972, in Paris) was a French Radical politician of the Fourth Republic who served briefly as Prime Minister during 1953. He led the Mayer Authority from 1955 to 1958. He was France's second Prime Minister of Jewish descent (after L\u00e9on Blum).", "Q725986": "Ashley Parker Angel (born August 1, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter and actor who rose to prominence as a member of the boyband O-Town. After the band dissolved he had a brief solo music career, and was the only former band member who declined to go on a reunion tour with O-Town in 2011. Parker Angel has acted in several Broadway productions since 2007, and most recently appeared in Wicked as the lead male character Fiyero Tigelaar.", "Q89601": "Reinhold Mitterlehner (born 10 December 1955) is an Austrian politician who served as minister of economy in Austria's government from 2008 until 2017. In September 2014 he also became vice chancellor of Austria and chairman of the Austrian People's Party. On 9 May 2016 he briefly assumed powers and duties as Acting Chancellor of Austria while his coalition partner, the Social Democratic Party, underwent a change in leadership. After a series of quarrels within the grand coalition as well as his own party, Mitterlehner announced his resignation on 10 May 2017, which became effective on 17 May 2017.\n\n", "Q137101": "Thomas Clayton Davis (September 6, 1889 \u2013 January 21, 1960) was a lawyer, judge, diplomat and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Prince Albert in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1925 to 1939 as a Liberal.\nHe was born in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan (then a district of the Northwest Territories), the son of Thomas Osborne Davis, and was educated there and at St. John's College and Osgoode Hall. Davis then practised law in Prince Albert and later served two terms as alderman for the city; he was mayor from 1921 to 1924. Davis served in the provincial cabinet as Minister of Municipal Affairs and as Attorney General. He helped convince William Lyon Mackenzie King to create Prince Albert National Park, which was opened in 1928. In 1929, Davis defeated John Diefenbaker to retain his seat in the provincial assembly. He resigned his seat in the provincial assembly in 1939 to become a judge in the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal. Davis' judicial career ended in 1940 when he was named federal Deputy Minister of War Services; however, he did not resign from the Court of Appeal until 1948. He was named Canadian High Commissioner to Australia in 1943 and went on to serve as ambassador to China, Japan and West Germany. Davis retired from diplomatic service in 1957, moving to Victoria.", "Q437484": "Hannah Taylor-Gordon (born 6 March 1987) is an English actress. She made her film debut in the 1993 film The House of the Spirits. She is best known for her role as Anne Frank in the TV miniseries Anne Frank: The Whole Story for which she received both an Emmy and a Golden Globe nomination.\nShe recently played Lady Macbeth in the low-budget award-winning film version of The Tragedy of Macbeth.", "Q151284": "Johnny Weissmuller (June 2, 1904 \u2013 January 20, 1984) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American competition swimmer and actor. He was known for playing Edgar Rice Burroughs' ape man Tarzan in films of the 1930s and 1940s and for having one of the best competitive swimming records of the 20th century.\nWeissmuller was one of the world's fastest swimmers in the 1920s, winning five Olympic gold medals for swimming and one bronze medal for water polo. He was the first to break the one minute barrier for 100-meter freestyle, and the first to swim 440-yard freestyle under five minutes. He won fifty-two U.S. national championships, set more than 50 world records (spread over both freestyle and backstroke), and was purportedly undefeated in official competition for the entirety of his competitive career. After retiring from competitions, he became the sixth actor to portray Tarzan, a role he played in twelve feature films. Dozens of other actors have also played Tarzan, but Weissmuller is by far the best known. Weissmuller's distinctive Tarzan yell is still often used in films in his legacy.\n\n", "Q297469": "Clarence Leonidas Fender (August 10, 1909 \u2013 March 21, 1991) was an American inventor, who founded Fender Electric Instrument Manufacturing Company, or \"Fender\" for short. In January 1965, he sold the company to CBS and later founded two other musical instrument companies, Music Man and G&L Musical Instruments.\nThe guitars, bass guitars, and amplifiers he designed from the 1940s on are still widely used: the Fender Telecaster (1950) was the first mass-produced solid-body electric guitar; the Fender Stratocaster (1954) is among the world's most iconic electric guitars; the Fender Precision Bass (1951) set the standard for electric bass guitars, and the Fender Bassman amplifier, popular enough in its own right, became the basis for later amplifiers (notably by Marshall and Mesa Boogie) that dominated rock and roll music. Leo Fender was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992: a unique achievement given that he never learned to play the instruments that he made a career of making.", "Q138232": "Sverrir Gudnason (born 12 September 1978; in Icelandic: Sverrir P\u00e1ll Gu\u00f0nason) is a Swedish actor of Icelandic origin.Gudnason was born in Lund, Sweden, and raised in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland. He moved with his family to Tyres\u00f6, Sweden, in 1990 when his father found work as a professor at the Royal Institute of Technology. At the 2009 Shanghai International Film Festival, he received an award for Best Actor for his role in the Swedish/Danish film Original. He has since played the role of Pontus H\u00f6ijer in the second series of Wallander as well as leading roles in productions at both Gothenburg's and Stockholm's city theatres.\nIn May 2016, it was announced that he was cast as Bj\u00f6rn Borg in the 2017 film Borg vs McEnroe. In 2018, he played Mikael Blomkvist in the thriller The Girl in the Spider's Web.", "Q179508": "Carry On Doctor is a 1967 British comedy film, the 15th in the series of 31 Carry On films (1958\u20131992). It is the second in the series to have a medical theme. Frankie Howerd makes the first of his two appearances in the film series and stars alongside regulars Sid James, Kenneth Williams, Jim Dale, Charles Hawtrey, Joan Sims, Peter Butterworth, and Bernard Bresslaw. Hattie Jacques returns for the first time since Carry On Cabby four years earlier, while Barbara Windsor returns after her debut in Carry On Spying three years earlier. Carry On Doctor marked Anita Harris's second and final appearance in the series.", "Q617920": "J\u00e1nos Starker (; Hungarian: [\u02c8\u0283t\u0252rk\u025br]; July 5, 1924 \u2013 April 28, 2013) was a Hungarian-American cellist. From 1958 until his death, he taught at the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music, where he held the title of Distinguished Professor.\n\n", "Q957921": "Palmira Jaquetti i Isant (1895-1963) was a Spanish folklorist, poet, businesswoman, composer, musicologist, ethnologist and writer.", "Q244157": "The Igbo people (English: EE-boh, also US: ; also spelled Ibo and formerly also Iboe, Ebo, Eboe, Eboans, Heebo;\nnatively \u1e46\u0301d\u1ecb\u0301 \u00ccgb\u00f2 [\u00ec\u0261\u0361b\u00f2] (listen)) are an ethnic group native to the present-day south-central and southeastern Nigeria. There has been much speculation about the origins of the Igbo people, as it is unknown how exactly the group came to form. Geographically, the Igbo homeland is divided into two unequal sections by the Niger River \u2013 an eastern (which is the larger of the two) and a western section. The Igbo people are one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa.The Igbo language is a part of the Niger-Congo language family. It is divided into numerous regional dialects, and somewhat mutually intelligible with the larger \"Igboid\" cluster.\nThe Igbo homeland straddles the lower Niger River, east and south of the Edoid and Idomoid groups, and west of the Ibibioid (Cross River) cluster.\nIn rural Nigeria, Igbo people work mostly as craftsmen, farmers and traders. The most important crop is the yam. Other staple crops include cassava and taro.Before British colonial rule in the 20th century, the Igbo were a politically fragmented group, with a number of centralized chiefdoms such as Nri, Aro Confederacy, Agbor and Onitsha. Frederick Lugard introduced the Eze system of \"Warrant Chiefs\". Unaffected by the Fulani War and the resulting spread of Islam in Nigeria in the 19th century, they became overwhelmingly Christian under colonization. In the wake of decolonisation, the Igbo \ndeveloped a strong sense of ethnic identity.\nDuring the Nigerian Civil War of 1967\u20131970 the Igbo territories seceded as the short-lived Republic of Biafra. MASSOB, a sectarian organization formed in 1999, continues a non-violent struggle for an independent Igbo state.Large ethnic Igbo populations are found in Cameroon Gabon and Equatorial Guinea, as well as outside Africa.\n\n", "Q108497": "Bernd Dost (May 16, 1939 \u2013 February 14, 2015) was a German journalist, filmmaker, writer and publisher. He produced documentaries for ARD, Germany\u2019s leading Public TV Station, and wrote articles for the magazine Stern and the newspapers M\u00fcnchner Merkur and M\u00fcnchner Abendzeitung. His documentary works are socio-critical and deal with major topics such as environmental protection, human rights and psychology. As a documentary film maker, Bernd Dost has worked with various people like Jane Goodall, the Anti-psychiatry pioneer Ronald David Laing or the writer Carl Amery. His novels include elements of surrealism, transgressional fiction and postmodernism and deal with mass media, religion and psychology. He was the brother of theater and film actress Roswitha Dost.", "Q383408": "Afonso Cruz (born 1971) is a Portuguese novelist, animator, illustrator and musician. Born in Figueira da Foz, Cruz studied at the Ant\u00f3nio Arroio Arts High School in Lisbon, at the College of Fine Arts of Lisbon and at the Madeira Institute of Plastic Arts.\nHe published his first novel in 2008, A Carne de Deus - Aventuras de Conrado Fortes e Lola Benites (Bertrand), which was followed by The Encyclopedia of the World Story (Quetzal Editores) in 2009, winner of the Camilo Castelo Branco Grand Prize. In 2010 he published The Books Which Devoured My Father (Editorial Caminho), winner of the 2009 Maria Rosa Cola\u00e7o Literary Prize, and The Human Contradiction (Caminho), winner of the 2011 Portuguese Society for Authors/RTP Prize. His book A Boneca de Kokoschka (The Kokoschka Doll) won the EU Prize for Literature.Jesus Christ Drank Beer (Alfaguara, 2012) was considered the Best Portuguese Novel of the Year by Time Out Lisbon magazine and Best Novel of 2012 by the readers of the reference newspaper P\u00fablico. In 2014, Where Do Umbrellas End Up (Alfaguara, 2013) won the Portuguese Society for Authors Award in the Literature category.He is a member of a blues/roots band called The Soaked Lamb.", "Q1352256": "Nicholas \"Nick\" Currie (born 11 February 1960), more popularly known under the artist name Momus (after the Greek god of mockery), is a Scottish songwriter, author, blogger, and former journalist for Wired.\nFor over thirty years he has been releasing albums on labels in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan. In his lyrics and his other writing he makes seemingly random use of decontextualized pieces of continental (mostly French) philosophy, and has built up a personal world he says is \"dominated by values like diversity, orientalism, and a respect for otherness.\"", "Q280673": "Farnsworth Wright (July 29, 1888 \u2013 June 12, 1940) was the editor of the pulp magazine Weird Tales during the magazine's heyday, editing 179 issues from November 1924\u2013March 1940. Jack Williamson called Wright \"the first great fantasy editor\".", "Q90436": "Michael Schottenberg (born 10 July 1952) is an Austrian actor, film director and screenwriter. His film The Arrival of Averill was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q864327": "Erle Cox (15 August 1873 \u2013 20 November 1950) was an Australian journalist and science fiction writer.", "Q242526": "Sylvie Testud (born 17 January 1971) is a French actress, writer, and film director, whose film career began in 1991. She won the C\u00e9sar Award for Most Promising Actress for Murderous Maids (2000), the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress for Fear and Trembling (2003), and the European Film Award for Best Actress for Lourdes (2009). Her other film roles include Beyond Silence (1996), La Vie en Rose (2007), and French Women (2014).\n\n", "Q620632": "Aleksandr Ivanovich Lazutkin (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043d; born October 30, 1957) is a Russian cosmonaut.", "Q1208": "Brandenburg (, also US: , German: [\u02c8b\u0281andn\u0329b\u028a\u0281k] (listen); Low German: Brannenborg; Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborsko; Polish: Brandenburgia) is a state of Germany. \nBrandenburg is located in the northeast of Germany covering an area of 29,478 square kilometres (11,382 sq mi) and has a population of 2.5 million residents, the fifth-largest German state by area and tenth-most populous. Potsdam is the state capital and largest city, while other major cities include Brandenburg an der Havel, Cottbus, and Frankfurt (Oder). Brandenburg surrounds the national capital and city-state of Berlin, which together form the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, the third-largest metropolitan area in Germany. Brandenburg borders the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony, and the country of Poland.\nBrandenburg originated in the Northern March in the 900s AD from areas conquered from the Wends, and later became the Margraviate of Brandenburg, a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire, with Albert the Bear as prince-elector. In the 15th century Brandenburg came under the rule of the House of Hohenzollern, who later also became the rulers of the Duchy of Prussia, who established Brandenburg-Prussia which eventually became the core of the later Kingdom of Prussia. Brandenburg became the Province of Brandenburg in 1815, a province within the kingdom and later within the Free State of Prussia. Brandenburg was established as a state in 1945 after World War II by the Soviet army administration in Allied-occupied Germany, and became part of the German Democratic Republic in 1947. Brandenburg was dissolved in 1952 during administrative reforms and its territory divided into the districts of Potsdam, Cottbus, Frankfurt, Neubrandenburg, and Schwerin, but was re-established in 1990 following German reunification, and became one of the Federal Republic of Germany's new states.", "Q505344": "Marcel Renault (14 May 1872 \u2013 26 May 1903) was a French racing driver and industrialist, co-founder of the car maker Renault. He was the brother of Louis and Fernand Renault.\nRenault was born in Paris; he and his brothers jointly founded the Renault company on 25 February 1899. He and Louis raced the cars it built starting the next year. He died in Payr\u00e9, at the age of 31, of severe injuries he sustained during the Paris-Madrid race.\nAfter his death, a statue was built in Renault's memory which later would be destroyed by the German attacks during World War II.", "Q431793": "Nurse Betty is a 2000 American black comedy film directed by Neil LaBute and starring Ren\u00e9e Zellweger as a Kansas waitress who suffers a nervous breakdown after witnessing her husband's murder, and starts obsessively pursuing her favorite soap actor (Greg Kinnear), while in a fugue state. Morgan Freeman and Chris Rock play the hitmen who killed her husband and subsequently pursue her to Los Angeles.\nFor her performance, Zellweger won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.", "Q73975": "For the songwriter, see Hans Blum (musician).Hans Blum (8 June 1841 \u2013 30 January 1910) was a German journalist and writer.", "Q3178518": "A vedette is the main female artist of a show derived from cabaret and its genres (revue, vaudeville, music hall or burlesque). \nThe purpose of the vedette in a cabaret or nightclub show is to entertain the public. The vedette has to know how to sing, dance and act on stage. Depending on the quality of its show, career or mastery of one or more stage talents, can be considered a super vedette or first vedette. Generally a vedette is a woman with physical presence, personality and charisma that captivates the public. In addition to singing, dancing and acting, vedettes often included groups of dancers, flashy and revealing costumes, magicians, comedians, jugglers, and even performing animals. Vedettes specializing in burlesque generally do striptease and may also perform nude on stage.\nIn the 20th century, vedette shows were successful in the cabarets, theaters and nightclubs of countries such as Spain, France, Argentina and Mexico. Paris and Las Vegas were considered the main cradle of the vedettes.", "Q82032": "Christopher John Reuel Tolkien (21 November 1924 \u2013 16 January 2020) was an English editor and academic. He was the son of author J. R. R. Tolkien and the editor of much of his father's posthumously published work. Tolkien drew the original maps for his father's The Lord of the Rings.", "Q3723021": "Elio Fiorucci (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025bljo fjo\u02c8rutt\u0283i]; 10 June 1935 \u2013 19 July 2015) was an Italian fashion designer and the founder of the Fiorucci fashion label.\nBeginning in retailing at the age of 14, he later created a fashion brand that had worldwide success during the 1970s and 1980s, including becoming a key label of the disco-scene. The retail environments he created were destinations, rather than simply places to buy clothes; his New York store was known by some as the daytime Studio 54 and gave space to artists and creatives \u2013 including Andy Warhol.\nFiorucci is credited with designing and popularising stretch jeans, and for transforming the fashion scene. Giorgio Armani described him as a revolutionary, adding: \"He was always ready to take some risks to really understand his time\".\n\n", "Q67900": "Marbach is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q221903": "G\u00e9za G\u00e1rdonyi, born G\u00e9za Ziegler (3 August 1863 \u2013 30 October 1922) was a Hungarian writer and journalist. Although he wrote a range of works, he had his greatest success as a historical novelist, particularly with Eclipse of the Crescent Moon and Slave of the Huns.", "Q1350441": "John Henry Creach (May 28, 1917 \u2013 February 22, 1994), better known as Papa John Creach, was an American blues violinist, who has also played classical, jazz, be-bop, R&B, pop and acid rock music. Early in his career, he performed as a journeyman musician with such luminaries as Louis Armstrong, Fats Waller, Stuff Smith, Charlie Christian, Big Joe Turner, T-Bone Walker, Nat King Cole and Roy Milton.Following his rediscovery by drummer Joey Covington in 1967, he fronted a variety of bands (including Zulu and Midnight Sun) in addition to playing with Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna, Jefferson Starship, the San Francisco All-Stars (1979\u20131984), The Dinosaurs (1982\u20131989) and Steve Taylor.\nCreach recorded a number of solo albums and guested at several Grateful Dead and Charlie Daniels Band concerts. He was a regular guest at the early annual Volunteer Jams, hosted by Charlie Daniels, which exposed him to a new audience that was receptive to fiddle players.", "Q113909": "Fred Breinersdorfer (born 6 December 1946 in Mannheim) is a German screenwriter, producer and film director.", "Q718": "Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an 8\u00d78 grid. The game is played by millions of people worldwide. Chess is believed to be derived from the Indian game chaturanga sometime before the 7th century. Chaturanga is also the likely ancestor of the Eastern strategy games xiangqi (Chinese chess), janggi (Korean chess), and shogi (Japanese chess). Chess reached Europe by the 9th century, due to the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. The pieces assumed their current powers in Spain in the late 15th century; the modern rules were standardized in the 19th century.\nPlay involves no hidden information. Each player begins with 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. Each piece type moves differently, with the most powerful being the queen and the least powerful the pawn. The objective is to checkmate the opponent's king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture. To this end, a player's pieces are used to attack and capture the opponent's pieces, while supporting each other. During the game, play typically involves exchanging pieces for the opponent's similar pieces, and finding and engineering opportunities to trade advantageously or to get a better position. In addition to checkmate, a player wins the game if the opponent resigns, or, in a timed game, runs out of time. There are also several ways that a game can end in a draw.\nThe first generally recognized World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886. Since 1948, the World Championship has been regulated by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale des \u00c9checs (FIDE), the game's international governing body. FIDE also awards life-time master titles to skilled players, the highest of which is Grandmaster (GM). Many national chess organizations have a title system of their own. FIDE also organizes the Women's World Championship, the World Junior Championship, the World Senior Championship, the Blitz and Rapid World Championships, and the Chess Olympiad, a popular competition among international teams. FIDE is a member of the International Olympic Committee, which can be considered recognition of chess as a sport. Several national sporting bodies (e.g. the Spanish Consejo Superior de Deportes) also recognize chess as a sport. Chess was included in the 2006 and 2010 Asian Games. There is also a Correspondence Chess World Championship and a World Computer Chess Championship. Online chess has opened amateur and professional competition to a wide and varied group of players.\nSince the second half of the 20th century, chess engines have been programmed to play with increasing success, to the point where the strongest programs play at a higher level than the best human players. Since the 1990s, computer analysis has contributed significantly to chess theory, particularly in the endgame. The IBM computer Deep Blue was the first machine to overcome a reigning World Chess Champion in a match when it defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997. The rise of strong chess engines runnable on hand-held devices has led to increasing concern about cheating during tournaments.\nThere are many variants of chess that utilize different rules, pieces, or boards. One of these, Fischer Random Chess, has gained widespread popularity and official FIDE recognition.", "Q174992": "12:01 is a 1993 science fiction television film directed by Jack Sholder and starring Helen Slater, Jonathan Silverman, Jeremy Piven, and Martin Landau. It originally aired on the Fox Network in the United States.\nIt is an adaptation of Richard Lupoff's short story \"12:01 PM,\" published in the December 1973, issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction. The story had previously been adapted into the 1990 short film 12:01 PM starring Kurtwood Smith.", "Q206364": "David Boreanaz (; born May 16, 1969) is an American actor, television producer, and director, known for playing the roles of vampire-turned-private investigator Angel on Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997\u20132003) and its spinoff Angel (1999\u20132004); FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth on the television crime procedural comedy-drama series Bones (2005\u20132017); and Jason Hayes in the military drama series SEAL Team (2017\u2013present).", "Q84443": "August Ferdinand Bernhardi (24 June 1769 in Berlin \u2013 1 June 1820 in Berlin) was a German linguist and writer.\nAfter studying philosophy in Halle an der Saale, in 1791 Bernhardi became a teacher at the Friedrichwerderschen Gymnasium in Berlin and in 1808 became the institution's headmaster. In 1815 he joined the Marcher Consistory and the Academic Examination Committee. Shortly before his death he was named the headmaster of the Friedrich Wilhelms Gymnasium.\nIn 1799 Bernhardi married Sophie Tieck, the younger sister of Ludwig Tieck, however, the marriage broke down in 1805. This relationship brought him into Romantic circles, associated with people such as Friedrich and August Wilhelm Schlegel, Ludwig Tieck and others. This prompted him to write and publish works on linguistics, as well as satirical writings about Berlin society and literary life. Bernhardi also contributed to literary journals and almanacs (such as Athen\u00e4um and Europa), and wrote some stories and poems in the romantic style, the most well-known of which is Der L\u00f6we in Florenz (The Lion in Florence).\nBernhardi, however, achieved renown and recognition first and foremost through his linguistic research and had significant influence on famous linguists such as Wilhelm von Humboldt and Franz Bopp.\nHe was the father of the historian Theodor von Bernhardi and grandfather of the Prussian general Friedrich von Bernhardi.", "Q383420": "Roger Vadim Plemiannikov (French: [\u0281\u0254.\u0292e va.dim]; 26 January 1928 \u2013 11 February 2000) was a French screenwriter, film director and producer, as well as an author, artist and occasional actor. His best-known works are visually lavish films with erotic qualities, such as And God Created Woman (1956), Barbarella (1968), and Pretty Maids All in a Row (1971).", "Q98042": "Heinz Billing (7 April 1914 \u2013 4 January 2017) was a German physicist and computer scientist, widely considered a pioneer in the construction of computer systems and computer data storage, who built a prototype laser interferometric gravitational wave detector.\n\n", "Q3040905": "Lieutenant-Colonel Dudley Gladstone Gordon, 3rd Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair DSO (6 May 1883 \u2013 16 April 1972), styled Lord Dudley Gordon from 1916 to 1965, was a British peer, soldier, and industrialist.", "Q287134": "Nela Pociskov\u00e1 (October 4, 1990 in Bratislava) is a Slovak singer and actress who was the Slovak entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with Kamil Mikul\u010d\u00edk. The song Le\u0165 tmou was chosen after a national final. They were the first singers to represent Slovakia at the contest since the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 but failed to reach the Eurovision final.\nIn 2010, she won the fourth season of Let's Dance, the Slovak version of Dancing with the Stars.", "Q927550": "Malcolm Bligh Turnbull (born 24 October 1954) is an Australian former politician who was the 29th Prime Minister of Australia from 2015 to 2018. He served twice as Leader of the Liberal Party, from 2008 to 2009 when he was Leader of the Opposition, and from 2015 to 2018 when he was Prime Minister. He was the MP for Wentworth in the House of Representatives from 2004 to 2018.\nTurnbull graduated from the University of Sydney with a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Laws, before attending Brasenose College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, earning a Bachelor of Civil Law. For over two decades prior to entering politics, he worked as a journalist, lawyer, merchant banker, and venture capitalist. He served as Chair of the Australian Republican Movement from 1993 to 2000, and was one of the leaders of the unsuccessful \"Yes\" campaign in the 1999 republic referendum. He was first elected to the Australian House of Representatives for the Division of Wentworth in New South Wales at the 2004 federal election, and was Minister for the Environment and Water from January 2007 until December 2007.\nAfter coming second in the 2007 leadership election, Turnbull won the leadership of the Liberal Party in September 2008 and became Leader of the Opposition. However, his support of the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme proposed by the Rudd Government in December 2009 led to a leadership challenge by Tony Abbott, who defeated Turnbull by a single vote. Though initially planning to leave politics after this, Turnbull chose to stay and was later appointed Minister for Communications in the Abbott Government following the 2013 federal election.\nCiting consistently poor opinion polling for the government, Turnbull resigned from the Cabinet on 14 September 2015 and challenged Abbott, reclaiming the leadership of the Liberal Party by ten votes. He was sworn in as Prime Minister of Australia the following day. At the 2016 federal election, Turnbull led the Coalition to victory by a single seat, the smallest majority since the 1961 federal election. In August 2018, a challenge by Peter Dutton led to two Liberal leadership spills. When the second spill motion passed on 24 August 2018, Turnbull did not contest the ballot and subsequently resigned as Prime Minister. Treasurer Scott Morrison defeated Dutton in the contest. Turnbull resigned from parliament on 31 August 2018, triggering a by-election in his former seat of Wentworth. The Liberal Party lost the by-election to independent candidate Kerryn Phelps, which resulted in the Coalition losing its majority in the House of Representatives.", "Q243610": "The Ukrainian People's Republic, or Ukrainian National Republic (abbreviated to \u0423\u041d\u0420, UNR), a predecessor of modern Ukraine, was declared on 10 June 1917 following the February Revolution in Russia. It initially formed part of the Russian Republic, and proclaimed its independence from the Russian Soviet Republic on 25 January 1918. During its short existence the republic went through several political transformations - from the socialist-leaning republic headed by the Central Council with its general secretariat to the national republic led by the Directorate and by Symon Petliura. Between April and December 1918 the Ukrainian People's Republic did not function, having been overthrown by the Ukrainian State of Pavlo Skoropadsky.\nFrom late 1919 the UNR operated as an ally of the Second Polish Republic, but by then the state de facto no longer existed in Ukraine. The 18 March 1921 Treaty of Riga between the Second Polish Republic, Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus) and of Soviet Ukraine sealed the fate of the Ukrainian People's Republic.After the Bolshevik Revolution of November 1917, many governments formed in Ukraine \u2013 most notably the Ukrainian People's Republic (based in Kiev) and the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets (1917\u20131918, based in Kharkiv) and its Soviet successors. These two entities, plus the White Movement, Poland, Green armies and the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine, fought constantly with each other, which resulted in many casualties among Ukrainians fighting in a Ukrainian War of Independence (1917-1921) as part of the wider Russian Civil War of 1917-1922. The Soviet Union would (after the 1921 Treaty of Riga) extend control over what would ultimately become the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and (in 1922) a founding member of the Soviet Union.", "Q214990": "New Order are an English rock band formed in 1980 by vocalist and guitarist Bernard Sumner, bassist Peter Hook, and drummer Stephen Morris. The band formed after the demise of Joy Division, following the suicide of lead singer Ian Curtis; they were joined by Gillian Gilbert on keyboards later that year. New Order's integration of post-punk with electronic and dance music made them one of the most acclaimed and influential bands of the 1980s. They were the flagship band for Manchester-based independent record label Factory Records and its nightclub The Ha\u00e7ienda, and worked in long-term collaboration with graphic designer Peter Saville.While the band's early years were overshadowed by the legacy of Joy Division, their experience of the early 1980s New York club scene saw them increasingly incorporate dance rhythms and electronic instrumentation into their work. Their 1983 hit \"Blue Monday\" became the best-selling 12-inch single of all time and a popular club track. In the 1980s, they released successful albums such as Power, Corruption & Lies (1983), Technique (1989), and the singles compilation Substance (1987). They briefly disbanded in 1993 to work on individual projects before reuniting in 1998. In the years since, New Order has gone through various hiatuses and personnel changes, most prominently the departure of Hook in 2007. They released their tenth studio album, Music Complete, in 2015.", "Q348037": "Mark Evgenievich Taimanov (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432; 7 February 1926 \u2013 28 November 2016) was one of the leading Soviet and Russian chess players, among the world's top 20 players from 1946 to 1971. Also a prolific chess author, Taimanov was awarded the title of Grandmaster in 1952 and in 1956 won the USSR Chess Championship. Several chess variations are named after him.\nA modern Renaissance man, Taimanov was also a world-class concert pianist.Taimanov was a World Championship Candidate twice, in 1953 and 1971. In 1971, however, he lost his Candidates match by 6\u20130 to Bobby Fischer, causing embarrassment for the Soviet Union. Nonetheless, throughout his career, he generally excelled in representing the USSR internationally in the chess field. \n\n", "Q53455": "Casimir I the Restorer (Polish: Kazimierz Karol I Odnowiciel; b. Krak\u00f3w, 25 July 1016 \u2013 d. Pozna\u0144, 28 November 1058), was Duke of Poland of the Piast dynasty and the de jure monarch of the entire country from 1034 until his death.\nHe was the only son of Mieszko II Lambert by his wife Richeza, daughter of Count Palatine Ezzo of Lotharingia (of the Ezzonids) and granddaughter of Emperor Otto II.\nCasimir is known as the Restorer because he managed to reunite all parts of the Polish Kingdom after a period of turmoil. He reinstated Masovia, Silesia and Pomerania into his realm. However, he failed to crown himself King of Poland, mainly because of internal and external threats to his rule.", "Q350678": "Emmett Evan \"Van\" Heflin Jr. (December 13, 1908 \u2013 July 23, 1971) was an American theatre, radio and film actor. He played mostly character parts over the course of his film career, but during the 1940s had a string of roles as a leading man. Heflin won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Johnny Eager (1942). He also had memorable roles in Westerns such as Shane (1953), 3:10 to Yuma (1957), and Gunman's Walk (1958).", "Q109979": "Simone Peter (born 3 December 1965) is a German Alliance 90/The Greens politician. Between 2013 and 2018, she co-chaired the party alongside with Cem \u00d6zdemir.", "Q1220": "Giorgio Napolitano (Italian: [\u02c8d\u0292ord\u0292o napoli\u02c8ta\u02d0no]; born 29 June 1925) is an Italian politician who served as the 11th President of Italy from 2006 to 2015, and the only Italian president to be reelected to the presidency. Due to his dominant position in Italian politics, some critics have sometimes referred to him as Re Giorgio (\"King George\"). He is the longest serving president in the history of the modern Italian Republic, which has been in existence since 1946.\nAlthough the presidency is a nonpartisan office as guarantor of Italy's Constitution, Napolitano was a longtime member of the Italian Communist Party (and of its post-Communist social democratic successors, from the Democratic Party of the Left onwards). He was a leading member of a modernizing faction on the right of the party. First elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1953, he took an assiduous interest in parliamentary life and was President of the Chamber of Deputies from 1992 to 1994. He was Minister of the Interior from 1996 to 1998 under Romano Prodi.\nNapolitano was appointed a Senator for Life in 2005 by President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi. In May 2006, he was elected by Parliament as President of Italy. During his first term of office, he oversaw governments both of the centre-left, led by Prodi, and the centre-right, led by Silvio Berlusconi. In November 2011, Berlusconi resigned as Prime Minister amid financial and economic problems. Napolitano, in keeping with his constitutional role, then asked former EU commissioner Mario Monti to form a cabinet which was referred to as a \"government of the president\" by critics.When his seven-year presidential term expired in April 2013, Napolitano (then aged 87) reluctantly accepted re-election, becoming the first President of Italy to serve a second term, to safeguard the continuity of the country's institutions during the parliamentary deadlock that followed the 2013 general election. On being reelected as President with broad cross-party support in Parliament, he overcame the impasse by inviting Enrico Letta to propose a government in the form of a grand coalition. When Letta handed in his resignation on 14 February 2014, Napolitano mandated Matteo Renzi (Letta's factional challenger) to form a new government. After a record eight and a half years as President, Napolitano resigned at age 89 in January 2015.Napolitano was often accused by his critics of having transformed a largely ceremonial role into a political one, becoming, during the years of his tenure, the real kingmaker of the Italian politics. As of 2020, Napolitano is currently the only living former Italian President.\n\n", "Q296039": "Kevin James LaBrie (born May 5, 1963) is a Canadian vocalist and songwriter, who is best known as the lead singer of the American progressive metal band Dream Theater, which he has fronted since 1991.", "Q7889": "A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a two- or three-dimensional video display device such as a touchscreen, virtual reality headset or monitor/TV set. Since the 1980s, video games have become an increasingly important part of the entertainment industry, and whether they are also a form of art is a matter of dispute.\nThe electronic systems used to play video games are called platforms. Video games are developed and released for one or several platforms and may not be available on others. Specialized platforms such as arcade games, which present the game in a large, typically coin-operated chassis, were common in the 1980s in video arcades, but declined in popularity as other, more affordable platforms became available. These include dedicated devices such as video game consoles, as well as general-purpose computers like a laptop, desktop or handheld computing devices.\nThe input device used for games, the game controller, varies across platforms. Common controllers include gamepads, joysticks, mouse devices, keyboards, the touchscreens of mobile devices, or even a person's body, using a Kinect sensor. Players view the game on a display device such as a television or computer monitor or sometimes on virtual reality head-mounted display goggles. There are often game sound effects, music and voice actor lines which come from loudspeakers or headphones. Some games in the 2000s include haptic, vibration-creating effects, force feedback peripherals and virtual reality headsets.\nSince the 2010s, the commercial importance of the video game industry has been increasing. The emerging Asian markets and mobile games on smartphones in particular are driving the growth of the industry. As of 2018, video games generated sales of US$134.9 billion annually worldwide, and were the third-largest segment in the U.S. entertainment market, behind broadcast and cable TV.", "Q170504": "Pope John VIII (Latin: Ioannes VIII; died 16 December 882) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 14 December 872 to his death. He is often considered one of the ablest popes of the 9th century.John devoted much of his papacy attempting to halt and reverse the Muslim gains in southern Italy and their march northwards. When his efforts to obtain assistance from either the Franks or the Byzantines failed, John strengthened the defenses of Rome. He supported Methodius of Thessalonica in his mission to the Slavs, and defended him against the Carolingian rulers and Bavarian clergy. He authorized the translation of the Bible into Slavonic as well as celebrating the liturgy in Slavonic, which is the only time a pope allowed non-Latin liturgy until the Second Vatican Council in 1962. John also extended diplomatic recognition to the Duchy of Croatia and resolved the Photian schism. John's pontificate ended with his assassination, and the papacy became significantly weaker in the aftermath.", "Q160717": "Thomas Peter Lantos (born Tam\u00e1s P\u00e9ter Lantos; February 1, 1928 \u2013 February 11, 2008) was an American politician who served as a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from California, serving from 1981 until his death as the representative from a district that included the northern two-thirds of San Mateo County and a portion of southwestern San Francisco. Lantos had announced in early January 2008 that he would not run for re-election because of cancer of the esophagus. He died before finishing his term. A Hungarian-American, Lantos is the only Holocaust survivor to have served in the United States Congress.In speaking before the House of Representatives after his death, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi stated that Lantos \"devoted his public life to shining a bright light on the dark corners of oppression... He used his powerful voice to stir the consciousness of world leaders and the public alike.\" U2 lead singer Bono called him a \"prizefighter\", whose stamina would make him go \"any amount of rounds, with anyone, anywhere, to protect human rights and common decency\".In 2008, after his death, the Congressional Human Rights Caucus, which he founded in 1983, was renamed the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission. Its mission is partly \"to promote, defend and advocate internationally recognized human rights\". In 2011, the Tom Lantos Institute was set up in Budapest to promote tolerance and support minority issues in central and eastern Europe and in the world.", "Q126742": "Ivan Dmitrievich Vasilenko (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e, Ukrainian: \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; January 20, 1895 \u2013 May 26, 1966), was a Russian Soviet author of children's books.", "Q561826": "George Hearst (September 3, 1820 \u2013 February 28, 1891) was an American businessman, miner, and politician. After growing up on a small farm in Missouri, he founded many mining operations, and is known for developing and expanding the Homestake Mine in the late 1870s in the Black Hills of South Dakota. In 1879 he listed it on the New York Stock Exchange, and went on to other pursuits. The mine operated continuously, producing gold until 2001.\nAfter settling in San Francisco in the early 1860s, Hearst became a politician, first representing San Francisco in the state legislature for one term. He also maintained mining interests through his company. Hearst was appointed as a United States Senator in 1886 to fill a vacancy, and was elected as a Democrat later that year on his own account. He served in the Senate from 1887 to his death in 1891. His only child from his late marriage (at age 40) was son William Randolph Hearst, who became internationally known as a newspaperman and publisher.", "Q218172": "Zodiac is a 2007 American mystery thriller film directed by David Fincher. The screenplay by James Vanderbilt is based on the 1986 non-fiction book of the same name by Robert Graysmith. The film stars Jake Gyllenhaal, Mark Ruffalo, and Robert Downey Jr., with Anthony Edwards, Brian Cox, Elias Koteas, Donal Logue, John Carroll Lynch, Candy Clark, Dermot Mulroney, and Chlo\u00eb Sevigny in supporting roles.Zodiac tells the story of the manhunt for the Zodiac Killer, a serial murderer who terrorized the San Francisco Bay Area during the late 1960s and early 1970s, taunting police with letters, bloodstained clothing, and ciphers mailed to newspapers. The case remains one of the United States' most infamous unsolved crimes. Fincher, Vanderbilt, and producer Bradley J. Fischer spent 18 months conducting their own investigation and research into the Zodiac murders. Fincher employed the digital Thomson Viper Filmstream camera to photograph most of the film, with traditional high-speed film cameras used for slow-motion murder sequences.\nReviews for Zodiac were very positive, lauding the film's writing, directing, acting and historical authenticity. Zodiac was nominated for several awards and Fincher won the \"Best Director\" prize from the Dublin Film Critics' Circle in 2007. The film grossed over $84 million worldwide on a production budget of $65 million. In 2016 it was voted 12th among 100 films considered the best of the 21st century by 117 film critics from around the world.", "Q740844": "S7 Airlines, legally JSC Siberia Airlines (Russian: \u0410\u041e \u00ab\u0410\u0432\u0438\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \"\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u044c\"\u00bb, \"\u0410\u041e Aviakompania Sibir\"), is an airline headquartered in Ob, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia, with offices in Moscow. As of 2008, it was Russia's largest domestic airline, with its main bases at Domodedovo International Airport and Tolmachevo Airport.", "Q302880": "Eugene Field Sr. (September 2, 1850 \u2013 November 4, 1895) was an American writer, best known for his children's poetry and humorous essays. He was known as the \"poet of childhood\".\n\n", "Q313755": "Joseph Harry Fowler Connick Jr. (born September 11, 1967) is an American singer, composer, actor, and television host. He has sold over 28 million albums worldwide. Connick is ranked among the top 60 best-selling male artists in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America, with 16 million in certified sales. He has had seven top 20 US albums, and ten number-one US jazz albums, earning more number-one albums than any other artist in US jazz chart history.Connick's best-selling album in the United States is his Christmas album When My Heart Finds Christmas (1993). His highest-charting album is his release Only You (2004), which reached No. 5 in the US and No. 6 in Britain. He has won three Grammy Awards and two Emmy Awards. He played Debra Messing's character Grace Adler\u2019s husband, Leo Markus, on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace from 2002 to 2006.\nConnick began his acting career as a tail gunner in the World War II film Memphis Belle (1990). He played a serial killer in Copycat (1995), before being cast as a fighter pilot in the blockbuster Independence Day (1996). Connick's first role as a leading man was in Hope Floats (1998) with Sandra Bullock. His first thriller film since Copycat came in the film Basic (2003) with John Travolta. Additionally, he played a violent ex-husband in Bug, before two romantic comedies, P.S. I Love You (2007), and the leading man in New in Town (2009) with Ren\u00e9e Zellweger. In 2011, he appeared in the family film Dolphin Tale as Dr. Clay Haskett and in its 2014 sequel.", "Q3369491": "Patrick Guerrand-Herm\u00e8s (born 25 September 1932) is a Moroccan sports entrepreneur and billionaire. He is noted for his involvement with Morocco and redevelopment there, most notably the redevelopment of the A\u00efn Kassimou in Marrakesh in the 1980s, a villa built for Leo Tolstoy's daughter, Olga.\nHe is also an art collector, and in 2001 Forbes ranked him as the 387th richest man in the world, with an estimated net worth of $1.3 billion.", "Q113921": "Frank Jensen (born 28 May 1961) is a Danish politician of the Danish Social Democrats who has been serving as Lord Mayor of Copenhagen since 1 January 2010. He was Minister for Research 27 September 1994 to 30 December 1996 in the Cabinet of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen II and Justice Minister from 30 December 1996 to 27 November 2001 in the Cabinets of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen III and IV.", "Q164571": "Charles Obadiah \"Chuck\" Baldwin (born May 3, 1952) is an American politician, radio host, and founder-former pastor of Crossroad Baptist Church in Pensacola, Florida. As of July 2014 he was pastor of Liberty Fellowship in Kalispell, Montana. He was the presidential nominee of the Constitution Party for the 2008 U.S. presidential election and had previously been its nominee for U.S. vice president in 2004. He hosts a daily one-hour radio program, Chuck Baldwin Live, and writes a daily editorial column carried on its website, on VDare and was formerly carried on the News with Views site.\nAs a Republican Party member, Baldwin was state chairman of the Florida Moral Majority in the 1980s. However, during the 2000 campaign of Republican George W. Bush for U.S. President, Baldwin left the party and began a long period of criticism of Bush. Baldwin endorsed U.S. Representative Ron Paul for the 2008 Republican nomination for president, and Paul in turn endorsed Baldwin for the presidency in the 2008 general election. He identifies as an anti-Zionist, believing that Zionism is the main threat to America. He writes that Zionists control the media, \"the mainstream Christian religion, and the U.S. government\" and that Zionism is responsible for the ills of American society and culture.\n\n", "Q115388": "Max Goldt (pseudonym of Matthias Ernst) (born 23 November 1958) is a German satirical author and musician.", "Q71192": "Max Kalbeck (January 4, 1850 \u2013 May 4, 1921) was a German writer, critic and translator. He became one of the most influential critics in Austria and was bitterly opposed to the music of Richard Wagner, Anton Bruckner and Hugo Wolf.", "Q191088": "Joseph Adam Jonas (born August 15, 1989) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor. He rose to fame as a member of the pop rock band the Jonas Brothers, alongside his brothers Kevin and Nick. The group released their debut studio album It's About Time through the Columbia label in 2006, which failed to achieve commercial success. After signing with Hollywood Records, the group released their self-titled second studio album in 2007, which became their breakthrough record. The band became prominent figures on the Disney Channel during this time, gaining a large following through the network: they appeared in the widely successful musical television film Camp Rock (2008) and its sequel Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam (2010) as well as two of their own series, Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream (2008\u20132010) and Jonas (2009\u20132010).\nThe band's third studio album, A Little Bit Longer (2008), saw continued commercial success for the group; the album's lead single \"Burnin' Up\" hit the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Their fourth studio album, while still successful on the Billboard 200 chart, saw a decline in record sales. After the group confirmed a hiatus, Joe released his debut solo studio album, Fastlife (2011), which saw moderate commercial success. After the Jonas Brothers officially parted ways due to creative differences, Jonas formed the funk-pop band DNCE in 2015, serving as the lead vocalist. The group saw the significant commercial success of their debut single \"Cake by the Ocean\", which peaked at number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States.", "Q134346": "Angoul\u00eame (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0251\u0303\u0261ul\u025b\u02d0m] (listen); Poitevin-Saintongeais: Engoulaeme; Occitan: Engoleime) is a commune, the capital of the Charente department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.\nThe inhabitants of the commune are known as Angoumoisins or Angoumoisines.Located on a plateau overlooking a meander of the Charente River, the city is nicknamed the \"balcony of the southwest\". The city proper's population is a little less than 42,000 but it is the centre of an urban area of 110,000 people extending more than fifteen kilometres (9.3 miles) from east to west.\nFormerly the capital of Angoumois in the Ancien R\u00e9gime, Angoul\u00eame was a fortified town for a long time, and was highly coveted due to its position at the centre of many roads important to communication, so therefore it suffered many sieges. From its tumultuous past, the city, perched on a rocky spur, inherited a large historical, religious, and urban heritage which attracts a lot of tourists.\nNowadays, Angoul\u00eame is at the centre of an agglomeration, which is one of the most industrialised regions between Loire and Garonne (the paper industry was established in the 16th century, a foundry and electromechanical engineering developed more recently). It is also a commercial and administrative city with its own university of technology, and a vibrant cultural life. This life is dominated by the Angoul\u00eame International Comics Festival, the FFA Angoul\u00eame Francophone Film Festival and the Musiques M\u00e9tisses Festival that contribute substantially to the international renown of the city. Moreover, Angoul\u00eame hosts 40 animation and video game studios that produce half of France's animated production. Currently the city is developing filming for both French television and cinema. Wes Anderson chose Angoul\u00eame for his next movie at the end of 2018.Angoul\u00eame is called \"Ville de l'Image\" which means literally \"City of the Image\".The commune has been awarded four flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.", "Q3437": "Perugia (, also US: , Italian: [pe\u02c8ru\u02d0d\u0292a] (listen); Latin: Perusia) is the capital city of both the region of Umbria in central Italy, crossed by the river Tiber, and of the province of Perugia. \nThe city is located about 164 kilometres (102 miles) north of Rome and 148 km (92 miles) southeast of Florence. It covers a high hilltop and part of the valleys around the area. The region of Umbria is bordered by Tuscany, Lazio, and Marche.\n\nThe history of Perugia goes back to the Etruscan period; Perugia was one of the main Etruscan cities.\nThe city is also known as the universities town, with the University of Perugia founded in 1308 (about 34,000 students), the University for Foreigners (5,000 students), and some smaller colleges such as the Academy of Fine Arts \"Pietro Vannucci\" (Italian: Accademia di Belle Arti \"Pietro Vannucci\") public athenaeum founded in 1573, the Perugia University Institute of Linguistic Mediation for translators and interpreters, the Music Conservatory of Perugia, founded in 1788, and other institutes.\nPerugia is also a well-known cultural and artistic centre of Italy. The city hosts multiple annual festivals and events, e.g., the Eurochocolate Festival (October), the Umbria Jazz Festival (July), and the International Journalism Festival (in April), and is associated with multiple notable people in the arts.\nThe famous painter Pietro Vannucci, nicknamed Perugino, was a native of Citt\u00e0 della Pieve, near Perugia. He decorated the local Sala del Cambio with a beautiful series of frescoes; eight of his pictures can also be admired in the National Gallery of Umbria.Perugino was the teacher of Raphael, the great Renaissance artist who produced five paintings in Perugia (today no longer in the city) and one fresco. Another famous painter, Pinturicchio, lived in Perugia. Galeazzo Alessi is the most famous architect from Perugia.\nThe city's symbol is the griffin, which can be seen in the form of plaques and statues on buildings around the city.", "Q944975": "Topi Lehtipuu (born 24 March 1971 in Brisbane, Australia) is a Finnish operatic tenor. He has sung a variety of roles from different periods, including the title role in Benjamin Britten's Albert Herring at the Finnish National Opera, several roles in Mozart operas, including Belmonte in Die Entf\u00fchrung aus dem Serail and Tamino in Die Zauberfl\u00f6te, both at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre des Champs-Elys\u00e9es in Paris, and Ferrando in Cos\u00ec fan tutte at the 2006 Glyndebourne Festival. He has also appeared in Handel's Ariodante (Paris Opera), as Hylas in Berlioz' Les Troyens (conducted by John Eliot Gardiner), and the Creature in the 2019 world premi\u00e8re of Mark Grey's Frankenstein at La Monnaie in Brussels. He has worked with other well-known conductors, such as William Christie, Michel Corboz, Ren\u00e9 Jacobs, Simon Rattle, and Christophe Rousset. Since 2010 Lehtipuu has been the artistic director of Turku Music Festival.\nHe has also sung concert repertoire including works by J. S. Bach, Monteverdi, P\u00e4rt, Rameau, Rautavaara, Schoenberg, and Stravinsky.Lehtipuu received his musical education at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki and has studied with Peter Lindroos, Howard Crook, and Elisabeth Werres.At the time of his studies, Lehtipuu was an integral member of the acclaimed Finnish progressive rock band H\u00f6yry-kone.", "Q730": "Suriname (, US also , sometimes spelled Surinam), officially known as the Republic of Suriname (Dutch: Republiek Suriname [re\u02d0py\u02ccblik sy\u02d0ri\u02c8na\u02d0m\u0259]), is a country on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west and Brazil to the south. At just under 165,000 square kilometers (64,000 square miles), it is the smallest sovereign state in South America. Suriname has a population of approximately 575,990, most of whom live on the country's north coast, in and around the capital and largest city, Paramaribo.\nSuriname was long inhabited by various indigenous people before being invaded and contested by European powers from the 16th century, eventually coming under Dutch rule in the late 17th century. As the chief sugar colony during the Dutch colonial period, it was primarily a plantation economy dependent on African slaves and, following the abolition of slavery in 1863, indentured servants from Asia. Suriname was ruled by the Dutch-chartered company Society of Suriname between 1683 and 1795.\nIn 1954, Suriname became one of the constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. On 25 November 1975, the country of Suriname left the Kingdom of the Netherlands to become an independent state, nonetheless maintaining close economic, diplomatic, and cultural ties to its former colonizer. Suriname is considered to be a culturally Caribbean country, and is a member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). While Dutch is the official language of government, business, media, and education, Sranan Tongo, an English-based creole language, is a widely used lingua franca. Suriname is the only sovereign nation outside Europe where Dutch is spoken by a majority of the population. The people of Suriname are among the most diverse in the world, spanning a multitude of ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups.", "Q114096": "Elsie Altmann-Loos (1899 - 1984) was an Austrian dancer, actress and autobiographer.", "Q93117": "William Charles Norris (July 14, 1911 near Red Cloud, Nebraska \u2013 August 21, 2006) was an American business executive. He was the CEO of Control Data Corporation, at one time one of the most powerful and respected computer companies in the world. He is famous for taking on IBM in a head-on fight and winning, as well as being a social activist who used Control Data's expansion in the late 1960s to bring jobs and training to inner cities and disadvantaged communities.\n\n", "Q187832": "Amanda Leigh Moore (born April 10, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She signed with Epic Records in 1999 and rose to fame with her debut single \"Candy\", which peaked at number 41 on the Billboard Hot 100. Her debut studio album, So Real (1999), received a platinum certification from the RIAA. The title single from her second studio album, I Wanna Be With You (2000), became Moore's first top 30 song in the U.S., peaking at number 24 on the Hot 100. Moore subsequently released the studio albums Mandy Moore (2001), Coverage (2003), Wild Hope (2007), Amanda Leigh (2009) and Silver Landings (2020).\nMoore made her feature film debut in 2001, with a minor voice role in the comedy film Dr. Dolittle 2, before starring as Lana Thomas in the comedy film The Princess Diaries. She received recognition for her starring role as Jamie Sullivan in the romantic drama film A Walk to Remember (2002), and starred in the films Chasing Liberty (2004), Racing Stripes (2005), Because I Said So (2007), License to Wed (2007), Love, Wedding, Marriage (2011), 47 Meters Down (2017), The Darkest Minds (2018), and Midway (2019). Moore also voiced Princess Rapunzel in the Disney animated fantasy musical comedy film Tangled (2010), the short film Tangled Ever After (2012), the Disney Channel television film, Tangled: Before Ever After (2017), and the series Tangled: The Series (2017\u20132020).\nSince 2016, Moore has starred as Rebecca Pearson in the NBC family comedy-drama series This Is Us. For her performance, she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, and won two Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. In 2019, Moore was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q314984": "Jacques Pierre Brissot (15 January 1754 \u2013 31 October 1793), who assumed the name of de Warville (an English version of \"d'Ouarville\", a hamlet in the village of L\u00e8ves where his father owned property), was a leading member of the Girondins during the French Revolution and founder of the abolitionist Society of the Friends of the Blacks. Some sources give his name as Jean Pierre Brissot.", "Q645928": "A biographical film, or biopic (; abbreviation for biographical motion picture), is a film that dramatizes the life of a non-fictional or historically-based person or people. Such films show the life of a historical person and the central character's real name is used. They differ from docudrama films and historical drama films in that they attempt to comprehensively tell a single person's life story or at least the most historically important years of their lives.Because the figures portrayed are actual people, whose actions and characteristics are known to the public (or at least historically documented), biopic roles are considered some of the most demanding of actors and actresses. Ben Kingsley, Johnny Depp, Jim Carrey, Robert Downey Jr., Jamie Foxx and Eddie Redmayne all gained new-found respect as dramatic actors after starring in biopics: Kingsley as Mahatma Gandhi in Gandhi (1982), Depp as Ed Wood in Ed Wood (1994), Carrey as Andy Kaufman in Man on the Moon (1999), Downey as Charlie Chaplin in Chaplin (1992), Foxx as Ray Charles in Ray (2004), and Eddie Redmayne as Stephen Hawking in The Theory of Everything (2014).\nIn rare cases, sometimes called auto biopics, the subject of the film plays himself or herself. Examples include Jackie Robinson in The Jackie Robinson Story (1950), Muhammad Ali in The Greatest (1977), Audie Murphy in To Hell and Back (1955), Patty Duke in Call Me Anna (1990), Bob Mathias in The Bob Mathias Story (1954), Arlo Guthrie in Alice's Restaurant (1969), Fantasia Barrino in Life Is Not a Fairytale (2006), and Howard Stern in Private Parts (1997).\nBiopic scholars include George F. Custen of the College of Staten Island and Dennis P. Bingham of Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis. Custen, in Bio/Pics: How Hollywood Constructed Public History (1992), regards the genre as having died with the Hollywood studio era, and in particular, Darryl F. Zanuck. On the other hand, Bingham's 2010 study Whose Lives Are They Anyway? The Biopic as Contemporary Film Genre shows how it perpetuates as a codified genre using many of the same tropes used in the studio era that has followed a similar trajectory as that shown by Rick Altman in his study, Film/Genre. Bingham also addresses the male biopic and the female biopic as distinct genres from each other, the former generally dealing with great accomplishments, the latter generally dealing with female victimization. Ellen Cheshire's Bio-Pics: a life in pictures (2014) examines UK/US films from the 1990s and 2000s. Each chapter reviews key films linked by profession and concludes with further viewing list. Christopher Rob\u00e9 has also written on the gender norms that underlie the biopic in his article, \"Taking Hollywood Back\" in the 2009 issue of Cinema Journal.Roger Ebert defended The Hurricane and distortions in biographical films in general, stating \"those who seek the truth about a man from the film of his life might as well seek it from his loving grandmother. ... The Hurricane is not a documentary but a parable.\" Some biopics purposely stretch the truth. Confessions of a Dangerous Mind was based on game show host Chuck Barris' widely debunked yet popular memoir of the same name, in which he claimed to be a CIA agent. Kafka incorporated both the life of author Franz Kafka and the surreal aspects of his fiction. The Errol Flynn film They Died with Their Boots On tells the story of Custer but is highly romanticized. The Oliver Stone film The Doors, mainly about Jim Morrison, was highly praised for the similarities between Jim Morrison and actor Val Kilmer, look-wise and singing-wise, but fans and band members did not like the way Val Kilmer portrayed Jim Morrison, and a few of the scenes were even completely made up.Casting can be controversial for biographical films. Casting is often a balance between similarity in looks and ability to portray the characteristics of the person. Anthony Hopkins felt that he should not have played Richard Nixon in Nixon because of a lack of resemblance between the two. The casting of John Wayne as Genghis Khan in The Conqueror was objected to because of the American Wayne being cast as the Mongol warlord. Egyptian critics criticized the casting of Louis Gossett, Jr., an African American actor, as Egyptian president Anwar Sadat in the 1982 TV miniseries Sadat. Also, some objected to the casting of Jennifer Lopez in Selena because she is a New York City native of Puerto Rican descent while Selena was Mexican-American.The musical biopic Bohemian Rhapsody, based on the life of Queen singer Freddie Mercury, became the highest-grossing biopic of all time in 2018.", "Q77285": "Simon Dach (29 July 1605 \u2013 15 April 1659) was a Prussian lyrical poet and hymnwriter, born in Memel, Duchy of Prussia (now Klaip\u0117da in Lithuania).", "Q124633": "Frederick Earl \"Fred\" Exley (March 28, 1929 \u2013 June 17, 1992) was an American writer best known as the author of the fictional memoir A Fan's Notes.", "Q77": "Uruguay ( (listen); Spanish: [u\u027eu\u02c8\u0263wai] (listen)), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica Oriental del Uruguay; Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica Oriental do Uruguai), is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It borders Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and east, with the R\u00edo de la Plata (River of Silver) to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay is home to an estimated 3.45 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. With an area of approximately 176,000 square kilometers (68,000 sq mi), Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America, after Suriname.\nUruguay was inhabited by the Charr\u00faa people for approximately 4,000 years before the Portuguese established Col\u00f3nia do Sacramento in 1680; Uruguay was colonized by Europeans relatively late compared with neighboring countries. Montevideo was founded as a military stronghold by the Spanish in the early 18th century, signifying the competing claims over the region. Uruguay won its independence between 1811 and 1828, following a four-way struggle between Portugal and Spain, and later Argentina and Brazil. It remained subject to foreign influence and intervention throughout the 19th century, with the military playing a recurring role in domestic politics.\nA series of economic crises put an end to a democratic period that had begun in the early 20th century, culminating in a 1973 coup, which established a civic-military dictatorship. The military government persecuted leftists, socialists, and political opponents, resulting in several deaths and numerous instances of torture by the military; the military relinquished power to a civilian government in 1985. Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government.\nUruguay is ranked first in Latin America in democracy, peace, low perception of corruption, e-government, and is first in South America when it comes to press freedom, size of the middle class and prosperity. On a per-capita basis, Uruguay contributes more troops to United Nations peacekeeping missions than any other country. It tops the rank of absence of terrorism, a unique position within South America. It ranks second in the region on economic freedom, income equality, per-capita income and inflows of FDI. Uruguay is the third-best country on the continent in terms of HDI, GDP growth, innovation and infrastructure. It is regarded as a high-income country by the UN. Uruguay was also ranked the third-best in the world in e-Participation in 2014. Uruguay is an important global exporter of combed wool, rice, soybeans, frozen beef, malt and milk. Nearly 95% of Uruguay's electricity comes from renewable energy, mostly hydroelectric facilities and wind parks. Uruguay is a founding member of the United Nations, OAS, Mercosur, UNASUR and NAM.\nUruguay is regarded as one of the most socially advanced countries in Latin America. It ranks high on global measures of personal rights, tolerance, and inclusion issues. The Economist named Uruguay \"country of the year\" in 2013, acknowledging the policy of legalizing the production, sale and consumption of cannabis. Same-sex marriage and abortion are also legal.", "Q83462": "Olympic weightlifting, or Olympic-style weightlifting, often simply referred to as weightlifting, is a sport in which the athlete attempts a maximum-weight single lift of a barbell loaded with weight plates.\nThe two competition lifts in order are the snatch and the clean and jerk. The snatch is a wide-grip, one-move lift. The clean and jerk is a close-grip, two-move lift. Each weightlifter receives three attempts in each, and the combined total of the highest two successful lifts determines the overall result within a bodyweight category. Bodyweight categories are different for male and female competitors. A lifter who fails to complete at least one successful snatch and one successful clean and jerk also fails to total, and therefore receives an \"incomplete\" entry for the competition. The clean and press was once a competition lift, but was discontinued due to difficulties in judging proper form.\nIn comparison with other strength sports, which test limit strength (with or without lifting aids), weightlifting tests aspects of human ballistic limits (explosive strength); the lifts are therefore executed faster\u2014and with more mobility and a greater range of motion during their execution\u2014than other strength movements.\nThe lifts performed in the sport of weightlifting, and in particular their component lifts (e.g. squats, deadlifts, cleans), are commonly used by elite athletes in other sports to train for both explosive and functional strength.", "Q11100": "Deval Laurdine Patrick (born July 31, 1956) is an American politician, civil rights lawyer, author, and businessman who served as the 71st governor of Massachusetts, from 2007 to 2015. He was first elected in 2006, succeeding Mitt Romney, who chose not to run for reelection to focus on his presidential campaign. He was reelected in 2010. He was the first African American Governor of Massachusetts. A Democrat, Patrick served from 1994 to 1997 as the United States Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division under President Bill Clinton. He was briefly a candidate for President of the United States in the 2020 U.S. presidential election.\nRaised largely by a single mother on the South Side of Chicago, Patrick earned a scholarship to Milton Academy in Milton, Massachusetts in the eighth grade. He went on to attend Harvard College and Harvard Law School, where he was president of the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau. After graduating, he practiced law with the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund and later joined a Boston law firm, where he was named a partner at age 34. In 1994, Bill Clinton appointed him as the United States assistant attorney general for the civil rights division of the United States Department of Justice, where he worked on issues including racial profiling and police misconduct.\nDuring his governorship, Patrick oversaw the implementation of the state's 2006 health care reform program which had been enacted under Mitt Romney, increased funding to education and life sciences, won a federal Race to the Top education grant, passed an overhaul of governance of the state transportation function, signing a law to create the Massachusetts Department of Transportation, increased the state sales tax from 5% to 6.25%, raised the state's minimum wage from $8 per hour to $11 by 2017, and planned the introduction of casinos to the state. Under Patrick, Massachusetts joined the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Shortly after Patrick's second term began on January 6, 2011, he declared he would not seek re-election in 2014.Patrick is a managing director at Bain Capital and serves as the chairman of the board for Our Generation Speaks, a fellowship program and startup incubator whose mission is to bring together young Israeli and Palestinian leaders through entrepreneurship. He also holds a Board of Directors position at telehealth company American Well.Members of his own inner circle and Barack Obama's inner circle encouraged Patrick to run for president in 2020, but Patrick ruled out a 2020 presidential bid in December 2018. In November 2019, however, uneasy about the existing field of Democratic candidates, Patrick was reported to have called a few leading Democrats and allies to say that he would soon announce a 2020 presidential bid. He formally entered the race on November 14, 2019. He ended his campaign on February 12, 2020, following a very poor showing in the Iowa caucus and the New Hampshire primary.", "Q1213550": "House of Saddam is a 2008 drama that charted the rise and fall of Saddam Hussein. A co-production between BBC Television and HBO Films, the series was first broadcast on BBC Two (in the United Kingdom) in four parts between 30 July and 20 August 2008.\n\n", "Q1637611": "Palack\u00fd University Olomouc is the oldest university in Moravia and the second-oldest in the Czech Republic. It was established in 1573 as a public university led by the Jesuit order in Olomouc, which was at that time the capital of Moravia and the seat of the episcopacy. At first it taught only theology, but soon the fields of philosophy, law and medicine were added.\nAfter the Bohemian King Joseph II's reforms in the 1770s the university became increasingly state-directed, while today it is a public university. During the Revolution of 1848 university students and professors played a very active role on the side of democratisation. The conservative king Francis Joseph I closed most of its faculties during the 1850s, but they were reopened by an act of the Interim National Assembly passed on 21 February 1946. This act also extended the name from University of Olomouc to Palack\u00fd University Olomouc, naming it for Franti\u0161ek Palack\u00fd, a 19th-century Moravian historian and politician.\nToday the university is an example of an old university in a small town, like Yale University in New Haven and the University of T\u00fcbingen in T\u00fcbingen. The town of Olomouc has 100,000 inhabitants (and as many again in its suburbs), and some 25,000 university students (including those at Moravian College Olomouc), which is the highest density of university students in Central Europe. The town itself is very old and picturesque and it is surrounded by sports facilities and nature.\nMany distinguished figures have taught, worked and studied here including Albrecht von Wallenstein and Gregor Mendel.", "Q2301376": "Clotilde (or Chrodechildis) (c. 500\u2013531) was the daughter of King Clovis I of the Franks and Queen Clotilde and the queen of the Visigothic King Amalaric. She was born circa 500. The favorite child of her parents, she was saddened by her father's death in 511.Clotilde married Amalaric in about 526, and ties between both families were initially positive. Clotilde was a Catholic, while Amalaric and his fellow-Visigoths were Arians. Clotilde refused to adopt her husband's religious practices and complained to her kin that she was persecuted for her faith. Amalaric was subsequently kicked out from Narbonne. War ensued in 531 between her brother, King Childebert I, and her husband, at Barcelona, Spain. According to Isidore of Seville, Amalaric was eventually defeated, and then assassinated by his own men while Clotilde traveled to Francia with the Frankish army, but died on the journey. Her cause of death was not recorded. Childebert I brought her corpse to Paris for burial. Her death was greatly mourned by her mother and siblings.", "Q105825": "William McChord Hurt (born March 20, 1950) is an American actor. He studied at the Juilliard School and began acting on stage in the 1970s. Hurt made his film debut in 1980 as a troubled scientist in Ken Russell's science-fiction feature Altered States, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination for New Star of the Year. In 1981 he played a leading role, as a lawyer who succumbs to the temptations of Kathleen Turner, in the neo-noir Body Heat. He played another leading role, as Arkady Renko, in Gorky Park (1983).\nIn 1985 Hurt garnered critical acclaim and multiple acting awards, including an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for Best Actor, for Kiss of the Spider Woman. He received another two Academy Award nominations for his lead performances in Children of a Lesser God (1986) and Broadcast News (1987). Hurt remained an active stage actor throughout the 1980s, appearing in Off-Broadway productions including Henry V, Fifth of July, Richard II and A Midsummer Night's Dream. Hurt received his first Tony Award nomination in 1985 for the Broadway production of Hurlyburly.\nAfter a variety of character roles in the following decade, Hurt earned his fourth Academy Award nomination for his supporting performance in David Cronenberg's crime thriller A History of Violence (2005). Other notable recent films include A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001), The Village (2004), Syriana (2005), The Good Shepherd (2006), Mr. Brooks (2007), Into the Wild (2007), Robin Hood (2010), and the Marvel Cinematic Universe films The Incredible Hulk (2008), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019) and Black Widow (2020), in which he portrays Thaddeus \"Thunderbolt\" Ross.", "Q388213": "We Are Scientists is a New York City-based rock band that formed in Berkeley, California, in 2000. It consists of guitarist and vocalist Keith Murray and bass guitarist Chris Cain.\nThe band's breakthrough success came with their first studio album, With Love and Squalor, which sold 100,000 copies in the first six months. Their second album, Brain Thrust Mastery, charted at number 11 in the UK album chart, with two top-40 singles, \"After Hours\" and \"Chick Lit\". Album three, Barbara, was released in June 2010. Their fourth album, TV en Fran\u00e7ais, was released on March 3, 2014, and returned them to the UK top-40. Their fifth album Helter Seltzer was released on April 22, 2016. Their sixth album Megaplex was released on April 27, 2018.\nThey have also starred in their own series of comedic television shorts, Steve Wants His Money, made for MTV UK in 2009.", "Q85013": "Henry van Lyck (born R\u00fcdiger Leberecht; 15 January 1941 in Cologne, Germany) is a German actor.", "Q66388": "Karl Eduard von Holtei (January 24, 1798 \u2013 February 12, 1880) was a German poet and actor.", "Q391742": "Alma Bennett (born Alma Long; April 9, 1904 \u2013 September 16, 1958) was an American film actress of the silent era. She appeared in 64 films between 1919 and 1931.", "Q1366865": "Ivar Bern (born January 20, 1967) is a Norwegian chess player, most famous for being the seventeenth World Correspondence Chess Champion, 2002\u20132007. In over-the-board chess he holds an International Master title.", "Q292539": "Elena V\u0103c\u0103rescu or H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Vacaresco (September 21, 1864 in Bucharest \u2013 February 17, 1947 in Paris) was a Romanian-French aristocrat writer, twice a laureate of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.", "Q285045": "Kate Miller-Heidke (; born 16 November 1981) is an Australian singer-songwriter and actress. Although classically trained, she has followed a career in alternative pop music. She signed to Sony Australia, Epic in the US and RCA in the UK, but is now an independent artist. She represented Australia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv, Israel. She is the only person to have sung at Coachella, the New York Metropolitan Opera, and Eurovision.", "Q1130457": "The Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography (Russian: \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0421. \u0410. \u0413\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430, meaning\nAll-Russian State University of Cinematography named after S. A. Gerasimov), a.k.a. VGIK, is a film school in Moscow, Russia.", "Q129317": "Alma Kar (14 November 1908 \u2013 1992) was a Polish film actress.\n\n", "Q13717": "Lib\u00e9ration (French: [li.be.\u0281a.sj\u0254\u0303]), popularly known as Lib\u00e9 ([li.be]), is a daily newspaper in France, founded in Paris by Jean-Paul Sartre and Serge July in 1973 in the wake of the protest movements of May 1968.\nInitially positioned on the extreme-left of France\u2019s political spectrum, the editorial line evolved towards a more centre-left stance at the end of the 1970s. Its editorial stance was centre-left as of 2012.The publication describes its \u201cDNA\u201d as being \u201cliberal libertarian\u201d. It aims to act as a common platform for the diverse tendencies within the French left, with its \u201ccompass\u201d being \u201cthe defence of freedoms and of minorities\u201d. Edouard de Rothschild's acquisition of a 37% capital interest in 2005 and editor Serge July's campaign for the \"yes\" vote in the referendum establishing a Constitution for Europe the same year alienated it from a number of its left-wing readers.In its early days it was noted for its irreverent and humorous style and unorthodox journalistic culture. All employees, including management, received the same salary. In addition to traditional editor's notes, known as Note de la r\u00e9daction and marked as N.D.L.R., it included the innovative NDLC (note de la claviste), apt and witty comments inserted at the last moment by the typesetter.It was the first French daily to have a website. It had a circulation of about 67,000 in 2018.", "Q194696": "Man on a Ledge is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Asger Leth, starring Sam Worthington, Jamie Bell, Elizabeth Banks, Edward Burns, Anthony Mackie, Genesis Rodriguez, and Ed Harris. Filming took place in New York City on top of The Roosevelt Hotel. It was met with mostly negative reception by critics, and grossed $8 million (USA) in its opening weekend. The film's soundtrack, written by Henry Jackman, was released alongside the film, also to negative reception from critics.", "Q160071": "Twilight is a 2008 American romantic fantasy film based on Stephenie Meyer's 2005 novel of the same name. Directed by Catherine Hardwicke, the film stars Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson. It is the first film in The Twilight Saga film series. This film focuses on the development of the relationship between Bella Swan (a teenage girl) and Edward Cullen (a vampire), and the subsequent efforts of Edward and his family to keep Bella safe from a coven of evil vampires.\nThe project was in development for approximately three years at Paramount Pictures, during which time a screen adaptation that differed significantly from the novel was written. Summit Entertainment acquired the rights to the novel after three years of the project's stagnant development. Melissa Rosenberg wrote a new adaptation of the novel shortly before the 2007\u20132008 Writers Guild of America strike and sought to be faithful to the novel's storyline. Principal photography took 44 days and was completed on May 2, 2008; the film was primarily shot in Oregon.Twilight was theatrically released on November 21, 2008; it grossed over US$393 million worldwide. It was released on DVD March 21, 2009 and became the most purchased DVD of the year. The soundtrack was released on November 4, 2008. Following the film's success, New Moon and Eclipse, the next two novels in the series, were produced as films the following year.", "Q1546": "Iowa ( (listen)) is a state in the Midwestern United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to the east and southeast, Missouri to the south, Nebraska to the west, South Dakota to the northwest, and Minnesota to the north.\nIn colonial times, Iowa was a part of French Louisiana and Spanish Louisiana; its state flag is patterned after the flag of France. After the Louisiana Purchase, people laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt.In the latter half of the 20th century, Iowa's agricultural economy made the transition to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing, processing, financial services, information technology, biotechnology, and green energy production. Iowa is the 26th most extensive in land area and the 30th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. The state's capital, most populous city, and largest metropolitan area fully located within the state is Des Moines. A portion of the larger Omaha, Nebraska, metropolitan area extends into three counties of southwest Iowa. Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states to live in.", "Q337185": "Audie Leon Murphy (20 June 1925 \u2013 28 May 1971) was an American soldier, actor, songwriter, and rancher. He was one of the most decorated American combat soldiers of World War II. He received every military combat award for valor available from the U.S. Army, as well as French and Belgian awards for heroism. Murphy received the Medal of Honor for valor that he demonstrated at the age of 19 for single-handedly holding off a company of German soldiers for an hour at the Colmar Pocket in France in January 1945, then leading a successful counterattack while wounded and out of ammunition.\nMurphy was born into a large family of sharecroppers in Hunt County, Texas. His father abandoned them, and his mother died when he was a teenager. Murphy left school in fifth grade to pick cotton and find other work to help support his family; his skill with a hunting rifle helped feed his family.\nAfter the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Murphy's older sister helped him to falsify documentation about his birthdate in order to meet the minimum-age requirement for enlisting in the military. Turned down initially for being underweight by the Army, Navy and the Marine Corps, he eventually was able to enlist in the Army. He first saw action in the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily; then in 1944 he participated in the Battle of Anzio, the liberation of Rome, and the invasion of southern France. Murphy fought at Mont\u00e9limar and led his men on a successful assault at the L'Omet quarry near Cleurie in northeastern France in October.\nAfter the war, Murphy embarked on a 21-year acting career. He played himself in the 1955 autobiographical film To Hell and Back, based on his 1949 memoirs of the same name, but most of his roles were in westerns. He made guest appearances on celebrity television shows and starred in the series Whispering Smith. Murphy was a fairly accomplished songwriter. He bred quarter horses in California and Arizona, and became a regular participant in horse racing.\nSuffering from what would today be described as post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Murphy slept with a loaded handgun under his pillow. He looked for solace in addictive sleeping pills. In his last few years, he was plagued by money problems but refused offers to appear in alcohol and cigarette commercials because he did not want to set a bad example. Murphy died in a plane crash in Virginia in 1971, which was shortly before his 46th birthday. He was interred with military honors at Arlington National Cemetery, where his grave is one of the most visited.", "Q89629": "Werner Hofmann (August 8, 1928 in Vienna - 13 March 2013 in Hamburg) was an Austrian art historian, cultural journalist, writer, curator and museum director, who is \"considered by his colleagues as one of the most distinguished European scholars of modern art and its ideology.\"", "Q184485": "Performing arts refers to forms of art in which artists use their voices, bodies or inanimate objects to convey artistic expression. It is different from visual arts, which is when artists use paint, canvas or various materials to create physical or static art objects. Performing arts include a range of disciplines which are performed in front of a live audience.\nTheatre, music, dance and object manipulation, and other kinds of performances are present in all human cultures. The history of music and dance date to pre-historic times whereas circus skills date to at least Ancient Egypt. Many performing arts are performed professionally. Performance can be in purpose built buildings, such as theatres and opera houses, on open air stages at festivals, on stages in tents such as circuses and on the street.\nLive performances before an audience are a form of entertainment. The development of audio and video recording has allowed for private consumption of the performing arts.\nThe performing arts often aims to express one's emotions and feelings.\n\n", "Q1696961": "Johanna Koslowsky is a German soprano and vocal coach in the field of historically informed performance.\nKoslowsky began her vocal training with Hilde Wesselmann in Essen. After graduation, she studied church music at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik K\u00f6ln. She continued her studies with Bornemann in Hannover, Michaela Kr\u00e4mer in D\u00fcsseldorf and Ren\u00e9 Jacobs in Basel.\nShe specializes in music before 1800 and is a permanent member of the vocal ensemble Cantus C\u00f6lln. She is married to Konrad Jungh\u00e4nel, the conductor. The group appeared together with the ensemble Akademie f\u00fcr Alte Musik Berlin, Musica Alta Ripa, Musica Antiqua K\u00f6ln, Musica Fiata and Sequentia. Their interpretations have been aired by numerous domestic and foreign radio stations, and they have made numerous recordings. Besides her work as a soloist, she is also active as a voice teacher.", "Q74954": "Yaron Brook (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05e7\u200e; born May 23, 1961) is an Israeli-American entrepreneur, writer, and activist. He is an Objectivist and the current chairman of the board at the Ayn Rand Institute, where he was executive director from 2000 to 2017. He is also the co-founder of BH Equity Research and the author of several books, in which he analyzes a variety of topics from an Objectivist perspective.", "Q1871513": "Louis Bacon (November 1, 1904, Louisville, Kentucky - December 8, 1967) was an American jazz trumpeter and vocalist.\nBacon's family moved to Chicago when he was a young child. After a short stint playing with Zinky Cohn in Michigan, he relocated to New York City in 1928, where he worked through 1938 with musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Benny Carter, Duke Ellington, Bingie Madison, Bessie Smith, and Chick Webb. He contracted tuberculosis in 1938, resulting in a performance hiatus, but by early 1939 was playing with Benny Carter once more. Later that same year, he embarked on a tour of Europe with Willie Lewis; remaining there for two years, he recorded under his own name as well as with Lewis and Freddy Johnson. After his return to the US, he worked with Garvin Bushell, Cootie Williams, and Jesse Stone, but shortly after the end of World War II, he stopped playing once again due to persistent health problems.\nHe played trumpet again briefly in 1959-60, working in New York, and late in his career taught voice and sang with Wilbur De Paris.", "Q65681": "Hospental (locally Oschpidall) is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.", "Q14078": "Hank Mizell (November 9, 1923 \u2013 December 23, 1992) was an American singer, guitarist and songwriter. He is best-remembered for his rockabilly single \"Jungle Rock\" (1958), which was obscure on its original release but reached number 3 in the UK Singles Chart in 1976. In the Netherlands, it made it to number 1.", "Q90378": "Kurt Weinzierl (15 April 1931 in Innsbruck, Austria \u2013 10 October 2008 in Munich, Germany) was an Austrian television actor. He played Franz J\u00e4gerst\u00e4tter in the biopic of 1971, but is most famous for his portrayal of the head of the Viennese police forces in Kottan ermittelt.", "Q120455": "Joseph Kastl Knollenberg (November 28, 1933 \u2013 February 6, 2018) was an American politician from Michigan. From 1993 to 2009, he was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Michigan's 9th congressional district and Michigan's 11th congressional district.\nIn his congressional term, Knollenberg was known as a staunch supporter of the North American Free Trade Agreement, President George W. Bush's stance on protecting manufactured goods and for voting against expanding SCHIP in the later years of his career.He was defeated by Gary Peters in the 2008 election by a margin of 52% to 43%.", "Q53333": "James Riley Blake (born December 28, 1979) is an American retired professional tennis player. Blake was known for his speed and powerful, flat forehand. During his career, Blake amassed 24 singles finals appearances (10\u201314 record), while his career-high singles ranking was World No. 4. Career highlights included reaching the final of the 2006 Tennis Masters Cup, the semifinals of the Beijing Olympics, the quarterfinals of the Australian Open (2008) and US Open (2005, 2006), as well as two titles at the Hopman Cup (2003, 2004) and being the No. 1 ranked American singles player. Blake was a key performer for the United States 2007 Davis Cup championship team, going 2\u20130 in the championship tie vs. Russia at second singles.\nIn 2005, Blake was presented with the Comeback Player of the Year award for his remarkable return to the tour. Later, in 2008, Blake was awarded another honor by the ATP, where he was named the Arthur Ashe Humanitarian of the Year. On July 3, 2007, Blake's autobiography, Breaking Back: How I Lost Everything and Won Back My Life, which discussed his comeback after his unlucky 2004 season, was released and debuted at No. 22 on the New York Times Best Seller list. He co-wrote this book with Andrew Friedman.\nBlake announced that he would retire from tennis after competing at the 2013 US Open, where he suffered a first round loss in five sets against Ivo Karlovic. Blake's career ended on August 29, 2013, after a 6\u20132, 2\u20136, 2\u20136 doubles loss in the 2013 US Open.", "Q513268": "James Thomas Kevin Byrnes OBC (born September 22, 1948) is an American blues musician, guitarist, and actor.", "Q213999": "21 is a 2008 American heist drama film directed by Robert Luketic and starring Jim Sturgess, Kevin Spacey, Laurence Fishburne, Kate Bosworth, Liza Lapira, Jacob Pitts, Aaron Yoo, and Kieu Chinh. The film is inspired by the true story of the MIT Blackjack Team as told in Bringing Down the House, the best-selling book by Ben Mezrich. Despite its largely mixed reviews and controversy over the film's casting choices, 21 was a box office success, and was the number one film in the United States and Canada during its first and second weekends of release.", "Q459375": "Jesse Royal Carmichael (born April 2, 1979) is an American musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known as the keyboardist and rhythm guitarist for the pop rock band Maroon 5. Carmichael also has a solo project called 1863.", "Q97417": "Hermann Schmitz (1 January 1881 \u2013 8 October 1960) was a German industrialist and Nazi war criminal. CEO of IG Farben from 1935 to 1945, he was sentenced to four years in prison in the IG Farben Trial.\nSchmitz was born in Hessen on 1 January 1881, son of factory worker Diedrich Schmitz and Luise W\u00f6hrmann. In 1898 he began studying at Ahrenbergische Aktiengesellschaft f\u00fcr Bergbau und H\u00fcttenbetrieb in Hessen, and in 1905 he entered the Commerce College in Nuremberg. After completing his studies, he was hired by Metallurgische Gesellschaft (metallurgy company), where after some time he became consultant of Wilhelm Merton, member of the superivosors' council of the company, who helped Schmitz promote his career.\nIn 1914 he was required to serve in the army. He was injured during the First World War and, after recovering from his injuries, he was made Reich's supervisor for chemical products production in the mat\u00e9riel department (1915).\nIn 1919, as an expert in fertilizers and nitric salts, he took part in the assembly that negotiated the Treaty of Versailles. There he met Carl Bosch, a chemist of worldwide fame. In July 1919 Schmitz was hired at BASF by Bosch as his financial advisor. He was promoted to administrator of BASF's exterior department, a position he maintained after the company became part of IG Farben. As per his job requirements he maintained contacts with large businesses, such as Standard Oil, with which he took part in negotiations, always having the support of that era's governments in the interests of IG Farben.", "Q641582": "Lazar Mojsov (Macedonian: \u041b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440 \u041c\u043e\u0458\u0441\u043e\u0432; 19 December 1920 \u2013 25 August 2011) was a Macedonian journalist, communist politician and diplomat from SFR Yugoslavia.\n\n", "Q4678914": "Adam Alexander Crozier (born 26 January 1964) is a Scottish businessman, and was former chief executive officer of media company ITV plc, operator of the ITV television network covering most of the United Kingdom.\nAfter a career at Saatchi & Saatchi culminating in the post of joint chief executive in 1995, he came to wide public prominence as the new chief executive of The Football Association in 2000 at the age of 35, before in 2003 becoming the chief executive of the Royal Mail Group, the United Kingdom's mail delivery service, where he oversaw a controversial modernisation and redundancy programme.\nIn January 2010 he was announced as the new chief executive of ITV plc, where he arrived on 26 April 2010. Crozier announced he was leaving this post in June 2017.", "Q129303": "J\u00f3zef Kondrat (3 March 1902 \u2013 4 August 1974) was a Polish stage and film actor. He appeared in more than 30 films between 1933 and 1972.", "Q55756": "Jolanta Kwa\u015bniewska (Polish: [j\u0254\u02c8lanta kfa\u0255\u02c8\u0272\u025bfska], n\u00e9e Konty, [\u02c8k\u0254nt\u0268]; born 3 June 1955) is a Polish lawyer and charity activist who was First Lady of Poland between 1995 and 2005, as the wife of the then President Aleksander Kwa\u015bniewski.\nShe met the future president while she was a law student at the University of Gda\u0144sk, and they married in 1979. During her studies she was the president of the executive committee of the Socialist Union of Polish Students, in which her husband was also active.Kwa\u015bniewska has been widely involved in charity work, and in 1997 founded the charity foundation Porozumienie bez barier (\"Understanding Without Barriers\"), whose aims include providing help and support to sick and disabled children.She is also the host of the television show Lekcja stylu (\"Lessons in Style\") on TVN Style.", "Q1689855": "Jo-Ann Cindy Strauss (born 3 February 1981 in Cape Town) is a South African model, public speaker and businesswoman. In 2001, she represented her country as Miss South Africa at the Miss Universe pageant in Puerto Rico as well as at the Miss World pageant hosted at Sun City in her home country in 2001. She was featured in the 2001 music video of the Irish pop group Westlife's single \"When You're Looking Like That\".\n\n", "Q91072": "John Herbinius (1632-1676) was a German writer and Naturalist - especially, examining and explaining the principles of Cataracts in rivers.", "Q554137": "Kazunori Yamauchi (\u5c71\u5185 \u4e00\u5178, Yamauchi Kazunori, born August 5, 1967) is a Japanese game designer and professional racing driver. He is CEO of Polyphony Digital and producer of the Gran Turismo video game series.", "Q347476": "Anders Christensen Bording (21 January 1619 \u2013 24 May 1677) was a Danish poet and journalist. He was born in Ribe. He is notable for his epigrams, ballads, occasional poems and epistles, as well as for publishing the first Danish newspaper, the monthly Den Danske Mercurius, written in verse entirely by him.", "Q979438": "Tommy Wieringa (born 20 May 1967) is a Dutch writer. He received the Ferdinand Bordewijk Prize in 2006 for his novel Joe Speedboot (2005), and the Libris Prize in 2013 for the novel Dit zijn de namen (2012). In 2018 he won the Bookspot Literatuurprijs for his novel De heilige Rita (The Blessed Rita). His novel The Death of Murat Idrissi, translated by Sam Garrett from Dutch, was nominated for the International Booker Prize in 2019.", "Q599151": "An official is someone who holds an office (function or mandate, regardless whether it carries an actual working space with it) in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority, (either their own or that of their superior and/or employer, public or legally private).\nA government official or functionary is an official who is involved in public administration or government, through either election, appointment, selection, or employment. A bureaucrat or civil servant is a member of the bureaucracy. An elected official is a person who is an official by virtue of an election. Officials may also be appointed ex officio (by virtue of another office, often in a specified capacity, such as presiding, advisory, secretary). Some official positions may be inherited. A person who currently holds an office is referred to as an incumbent.\nThe word official as a noun has been recorded since the Middle English period, first seen in 1314. It comes from the Old French official (12th century), from the Latin officialis (\"attendant to a magistrate, public official\"), the noun use of the original adjective officialis (\"of or belonging to duty, service, or office\") from officium (\"office\"). The meaning \"person in charge of some public work or duty\" was first recorded in 1555. The adjective is first attested in English in 1533 via the Old French oficial. The informal term officialese, the jargon of \"officialdom\", was first recorded in 1884.", "Q298766": "Louis Renault (French: [lwi \u0281\u0259no]; 12 February 1877 \u2013 24 October 1944) was a French industrialist, one of the founders of Renault and a pioneer of the automobile industry.\nRenault built one of France's largest automobile manufacturing concerns, which bears his name to this day. During World War I his factories contributed massively to the war effort notably so by the creation and manufacture of the first tank of modern configuration: the Renault FT tank. \nAccused of collaborating with the Germans during World War II, he died while awaiting trial in liberated France toward the end of 1944 under uncertain circumstances. His company was seized and nationalized by the provisional government of France although he died before he could be tried. His factories were the only ones permanently expropriated by the French government.In 1956, Time Magazine described Renault as \"rich, powerful and famous, cantankerous, brilliant, often brutal, the little Napoleon of an automaking empire \u2014 vulgar, loud, domineering, impatient, he was a terror to associates, a friend to practically none,\" adding that to the French working man, Renault became known as \"the ogre of Billancourt.\"\n\n", "Q169727": "Emo\u00e9 de la Parra (born Emo\u00e9 de la Parra Vargas on June 16, 1955 in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican actress and academic, daughter of Mexican writer Yolanda Vargas Dulch\u00e9. Most of her acting work has been in the theater but she is better known for her television work, including appearances in works written by her mother such as Encrucijada and Gabriel y Gabriela. Other acting related work has been direction and production of plays, along with screenplay adaptation and translations. Her academic work has been focused on philosophy, mostly with the Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico.", "Q449172": "Johan Halvorsen (15 March 1864 \u2013 4 December 1935) was a Norwegian composer, conductor and violinist.", "Q98730": "Claus Jacobi (4 January 1927 \u2013 17 August 2013) was the editor of the German news magazine Der Spiegel from 1962\u20131968. He was arrested during the Spiegel scandal.\nJacobi was born and died in Hamburg. In 1946, he started his journalistic career. His wife Heidi (they married in 1971) unexpectedly died on 21 February 2012 in her sleep.", "Q7123": "Sursee is a municipality in the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland. Sursee is located at the northern end of Lake Sempach, not far from where the Sure (or Suhre) river exits the lake (\"See\"), hence the name \"Sursee\".", "Q162672": "Carrie is a 1976 American supernatural horror film directed by Brian De Palma from a screenplay written by Lawrence D. Cohen, adapted from Stephen King's 1974 epistolary novel of the same name. The film stars Sissy Spacek as Carrie White, a 16-year-old diffident teenager who is consistently mocked and bullied at school. Her peers are unaware that she possesses telekinetic powers. The film also featured Piper Laurie, Amy Irving, Nancy Allen, William Katt, P. J. Soles, Betty Buckley, and John Travolta in supporting roles. It is the first film in the Carrie film series. \nThe film was based on King's first novel by the same name. De Palma was intrigued by the story and pushed for the studio to direct it while Spacek was encouraged by her husband to audition. It is the first of more than 100 film and television productions adapted from, or based on, the published works of King.\nCarrie was theatrically released on November 3, 1976, by United Artists. The film became a critical and commercial success, grossing over $33.8 million against its $1.8 million budget. It received two nominations at the 49th Academy Awards: Best Actress (for Spacek) and Best Supporting Actress (for Laurie).\nIt is widely cited by critics and audience members alike as the best adaptation of the novel amongst the numerous films and television shows based on the character, as well as one of the best films based on King's publications. The film has had a significant influence on popular culture. Several publications have regarded it as one of the greatest horror films ever made. In 2008, Carrie was ranked 86th on Empire's list of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time. It was ranked 15th on Entertainment Weekly's list of the 50 Best High School Movies, 46th on the American Film Institute list AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills. The film's prom scene has had a major influence on popular culture and has been discussed, analysed and parodied numerous times and was ranked eighth on Bravo's The 100 Scariest Moments in Cinematic History (2004).", "Q314990": "Marcel Achard (5 July 1899 \u2013 4 September 1974) was a French playwright and screenwriter whose popular sentimental comedies maintained his position as a highly recognizable name in his country's theatrical and literary circles for five decades. He was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1959.", "Q698591": "Hohenems is a town in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg in the Dornbirn district. It lies in the middle of the Austrian part of the Rhine valley. With a population of 15,200 it is the fifth largest municipality in Vorarlberg. Hohenems' attractions include, among others, a Renaissance palace dating back to the 16th century, a Jewish museum, and a charming, traffic-calmed old town center.", "Q83476": "Alfred the Great (Old English: \u00c6lfr\u0113d, \u00c6lfr\u01e3d, 'Elf-counsel' or 'Wise-elf'; between 847 and 849 \u2013 26 October 899) was King of Wessex from 871 to c.\u2009 886 and King of the Anglo-Saxons from c.\u2009 886 to 899. He was the youngest son of King \u00c6thelwulf of Wessex. His father died when he was young and three of Alfred's brothers, \u00c6thelbald, \u00c6thelberht and \u00c6thelred, reigned in turn before him.\nAfter ascending the throne, Alfred spent several years fighting Viking invasions. He won a decisive victory in the Battle of Edington in 878 and made an agreement with the Vikings, creating what was known as the Danelaw in the North of England. Alfred also oversaw the conversion of Viking leader Guthrum to Christianity. He defended his kingdom against the Viking attempt at conquest, becoming the dominant ruler in England. Details of his life are described in a work by 9th-century Welsh scholar and bishop Asser.\nAlfred had a reputation as a learned and merciful man of a gracious and level-headed nature who encouraged education, proposing that primary education be conducted in Anglo-Saxon rather than Latin and improving the legal system and military structure and his people's quality of life. He was given the epithet \"the Great\" during and after the Reformation in the sixteenth century, and, alongside the Danish Cnut the Great, remains the only king of England to be given such a name.", "Q67082": "Melchior Adam (c. 1575 \u2013 26 December 1622) was a German literature historian.", "Q1139301": "Nick Moran (born 23 December 1968) is an English actor and filmmaker, best known for his role as Eddie the card sharp in Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels. He appeared as Scabior in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 1 and Part 2.", "Q102186": "Wilhelm Hermann Alexander F\u00fcrst zu Dohna-Schlobitten (Alexander, Prince zu Dohna-Schlobitten) (11 December 1899 \u2013 29 October 1997) was a German Junker, soldier, businessman and author.", "Q51530": "Jerzy Skolimowski (Polish: [j\u025b\u0290\u0268 sk\u0254li\u02c8m\u0254fsk\u02b2i], born 5 May 1938) is a Polish film director, screenwriter, dramatist and actor. A graduate of the prestigious National Film School in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Skolimowski has directed more than twenty films since his 1960 d\u00e9but Oko wykol (The Menacing Eye). In 1967 he was awarded Golden Bear for his film Le d\u00e9part. His most famous film is Deep End (1970), starring Jane Asher and John Moulder Brown. He lived in Los Angeles for over 20 years where he painted in a figurative, expressionist mode and occasionally acted in films. He returned to Poland, and to film making as a writer and director, after a 17-year hiatus with Cztery noce z Ann\u0105 (Four Nights with Anna) in 2008. He received the Golden Lion Award for Lifetime Achievement at the 2016 Venice Film Festival.", "Q207720": "Mahmoud Darwish (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634\u200e, romanized: Ma\u1e25m\u016bd Darw\u012bsh, 13 March 1941 \u2013 9 August 2008) was a Palestinian poet and author who was regarded as the Palestinian national poet. He won numerous awards for his works. Darwish used Palestine as a metaphor for the loss of Eden, birth and resurrection, and the anguish of dispossession and exile. He has been described as incarnating and reflecting \"the tradition of the political poet in Islam, the man of action whose action is poetry.\" He also served as an editor for several literary magazines in Palestine.", "Q18656": "Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. Nicknamed \"the Red Devils\", the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910.\nManchester United have won more trophies than any other club in English football, with a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, five League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields. United have also won three UEFA Champions Leagues, one UEFA Europa League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup. In 1998\u201399, the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the continental European treble. By winning the UEFA Europa League in 2016\u201317, they became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions.\nThe 1958 Munich air disaster claimed the lives of eight players. In 1968, under the management of Matt Busby, Manchester United became the first English football club to win the European Cup. Alex Ferguson won 38 trophies as manager, including 13 Premier League titles, 5 FA Cups and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues, between 1986 and 2013, when he announced his retirement.\nManchester United was the highest-earning football club in the world for 2016\u201317, with an annual revenue of \u20ac676.3 million, and the world's third most valuable football club in 2019, valued at \u00a33.15 billion ($3.81 billion). As of June 2015, it is the world's most valuable football brand, estimated to be worth $1.2 billion. After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991, the club was purchased by Malcolm Glazer in May 2005 in a deal valuing the club at almost \u00a3800 million, after which the company was taken private again, before going public once more in August 2012, when they made an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange. Manchester United is one of the most widely supported football clubs in the world, and has rivalries with Liverpool, Manchester City, Arsenal and Leeds United.", "Q935626": "Prosper Mortou (1862\u20131925) was a French musician and painter.", "Q454645": "Titus Brandsma (23 February 1881 \u2013 26 July 1942), was a Dutch Carmelite friar, Catholic priest and professor of philosophy. Brandsma was vehemently opposed to Nazi ideology and spoke out against it many times before the Second World War. He was imprisoned in the infamous Dachau concentration camp, where he was murdered. He has been beatified by the Roman Catholic Church as a martyr of the faith.", "Q675141": "Jan D\u0105bski (April 10, 1880, Kukiz\u00f3w, Galicia \u2013 June 5, 1931, Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish politician.\nFounder of Polish People's Party \"Piast\" (PSL Piast) in 1913. He was the chief negotiator for Poland at the peace negotiations in Riga after the Polish-Soviet war (1920\u20131921). Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland in 1921. Deputy to Polish parliament (Sejm) until 1930, he was also an important politician in the PSL peasant party factions (PSL Piast, PSL Jedno\u015b\u0107 Ludowa, Polish People's Party \"Wyzwolenie\", Stronnictwo Ch\u0142opskie).", "Q132723": "Frans Eemil Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4 (pronunciation ) (16 September 1888 \u2013 3 June 1964) was one of the most famous Finnish writers and in 1939 became the first Finnish writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize for literature \"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature\".", "Q208375": "William Byrd (; birth date variously given as c.1539/40 or 1543 \u2013 4 July 1623), was an English composer of the Renaissance. He wrote in many of the forms current in England at the time, including various types of sacred and secular polyphony, keyboard (the so-called Virginalist school), and consort music. Although he produced sacred music for Anglican services, sometime during the 1570s he became a Roman Catholic and wrote Catholic sacred music later in his life.", "Q113935": "Miguel d\u2019Escoto Brockmann (February 5, 1933 \u2013 June 8, 2017) was an American-born Nicaraguan diplomat, politician and Catholic priest of the Maryknoll Missionary Society. As the President of the United Nations General Assembly from September 2008 to September 2009, he presided over the 63rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly. He was also nominated as Libyan Representative to the UN in March 2011. He died on 8 June 2017, having suffered a stroke several months earlier.", "Q164565": "Peter Douglas Molyneux (; born 5 May 1959) is an English video game designer and programmer. He created the god games Populous, Dungeon Keeper, and Black & White, as well as Theme Park, the Fable series, Curiosity \u2013 What's Inside the Cube?, and Godus. He currently works at 22Cans as the founder.", "Q172307": "Percival Guy Tunmer (1 December 1948 in Ficksburg \u2013 22 June 1999 in Sandton, Johannesburg) was a racing driver from South Africa. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, his home race in 1975, driving a Lotus 72 for a local team, Team Gunston. He finished 11th, scoring no championship points. He later found success in Formula Atlantic.Guy Tunmer was killed in a motorcycle accident in his native South Africa in 1999.", "Q4312090": "Aliya Nursultanovna Nazarbaeva (Kazakh: \u00c1l\u0131ya Nursultanqyzy Nazarbaeva, 3 February 1980, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic) is the youngest daughter of Nursultan Nazarbayev, the first President of Kazakhstan. She is the head of numerous business operations including a construction company and a high-end spa.Winner of the State Prize of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Literature and Arts (2018).", "Q519989": "Joana Prado Belfort (born June 22, 1976) is a Brazilian-American businesswoman and former model.\n\n", "Q452552": "Grand Lee Bush (born December 24, 1955) is an American actor of stage, television and major motion pictures.", "Q724": "Maine ( (listen)) is the northernmost state in the northeastern United States. Maine is the 12th smallest by area, the 9th least populous, and the 13th least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states. Located in New England, it is bordered by New Hampshire to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Qu\u00e9bec to the northeast and northwest, respectively. Maine is the only state to border exactly one other state, is the easternmost among the contiguous United States, and is the northernmost state east of the Great Lakes.\nMaine is known for its jagged, rocky coastline; low, rolling mountains; heavily forested interior; and picturesque waterways, as well as its seafood cuisine, especially lobster and clams. There is a humid continental climate throughout most of the state, including coastal areas. Maine's most populous city is Portland and its capital is Augusta.\nFor thousands of years, indigenous peoples were the only inhabitants of the territory that is now Maine. At the time of European arrival in what is now Maine, several Algonquian-speaking peoples inhabited the area. The first European settlement in the area was by the French in 1604 on Saint Croix Island, by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons. The first English settlement was the short-lived Popham Colony, established by the Plymouth Company in 1607. A number of English settlements were established along the coast of Maine in the 1620s, although the rugged climate, deprivations, and conflict with the local peoples caused many to fail over the years.\nAs Maine entered the 18th century, only a half dozen European settlements had survived. Loyalist and Patriot forces contended for Maine's territory during the American Revolution. During the War of 1812, the largely-undefended eastern region of Maine was occupied by British forces, but returned to the United States following failed British offensives on the northern border, mid-Atlantic and south which produced a peace treaty that was to include dedicated land on the Michigan peninsula for Native American peoples. Maine was part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts until 1820, when it voted to secede from Massachusetts to become a separate state. On March 15, 1820, under the Missouri Compromise, it was admitted to the Union as the 23rd state.", "Q4820196": "Audrey Mae Sheppard Williams (February 28, 1923 \u2013 November 4, 1975) was an American musician known for being the first wife of country music singer and songwriter Hank Williams, the mother of Hank Williams Jr. and the grandmother of Hank Williams III and Holly Williams.", "Q11672": "Carroll Ashmore Campbell Jr. (July 24, 1940 \u2013 December 7, 2005), was an American Republican Party politician who served as the 112th Governor of South Carolina from 1987 to 1995. Prior to this, he served as a member of the South Carolina Senate representing the 2nd district from 1977 to 1978 and as a congressman representing South Carolina's 4th district from 1979 to 1987.\n\n", "Q57627": "Ivan Jan\u0161a (Slovene: [\u02c8\u00ed\u02d0\u028ban \u02c8j\u00e0\u02d0n\u0283a]; born 17 September 1958), baptized and best known as Janez Jan\u0161a [\u02c8j\u00e0\u02d0n\u025bs], is a Slovenian politician who was prime minister of Slovenia from 2004 to 2008, from 2012 to 2013, and the current prime minister from March 2020. He has led the Slovenian Democratic Party since 1993. Jan\u0161a was Minister of Defence from 1990 to 1994, holding that post during the Slovenian War of Independence (June\u2013July 1991).\nJan\u0161a became prime minister again in 2012, following an early election in December 2011. On 27 February 2013, Jan\u0161a's second government was ousted in a vote of non-confidence, and Positive Slovenia's Alenka Bratu\u0161ek was tasked to form a new government. On 5 June 2013, Jan\u0161a was sentenced to two years in prison on corruption charges. The ruling was confirmed by Slovenia's higher court on 28 April 2014 and unanimously overturned by the Constitutional Court of Slovenia on 23 April 2015.After spending years in opposition, following the resignation of Marjan \u0160arec as prime minister, Jan\u0161a was elected as prime minister-designate on 3 March 2020, to form the 14th Government of Slovenia.Jan\u0161a is a close ally on the question of migration of Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orb\u00e1n.\n\n", "Q175468": "Down to Earth (1947) is a musical comedy starring Rita Hayworth, Larry Parks, and Marc Platt, and directed by Alexander Hall. The film is a sequel to the film Here Comes Mr. Jordan (1941), also directed by Hall. While Edward Everett Horton and James Gleason reprise their roles from the earlier film, Roland Culver replaces Claude Rains as Mr. Jordan.", "Q971702": "Thor N\u00e6ve Lange (9 April 1851 \u2013 22 February 1915) was a Danish author.", "Q383434": "Sudbury, officially Greater Sudbury (French: Grand-Sudbury), is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is the largest city in Northern Ontario by population, with a population of 161,531 at the 2016 Canadian Census. By land area, it is the largest in Ontario and the fifth largest in Canada. It is administratively a Unitary authority, and thus not part of any district, county, or regional municipality.\nThe Sudbury region was inhabited by the Ojibwe people of the Algonquin group for thousands of years prior to the founding of Sudbury following the discovery of nickel ore in 1883 during the construction of the transcontinental railway. Greater Sudbury was formed in 2001 by merging the cities and towns of the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury with several previously unincorporated townships. Being located inland, the local climate is extremely seasonal with average January lows of around \u221218 \u00b0C (0 \u00b0F) and average July highs of 25 \u00b0C (77 \u00b0F).The population resides in an urban core and many smaller communities scattered around 330 lakes and among hills of rock blackened by historical smelting activity. Sudbury was once a major lumber centre and a world leader in nickel mining. Mining and related industries dominated the economy for much of the 20th century. The two major mining companies which shaped the history of Sudbury were Inco, now Vale Limited, which employed more than 25% of the population by the 1970s, and Falconbridge, now Glencore. Sudbury has since expanded from its resource-based economy to emerge as the major retail, economic, health and educational centre for Northeastern Ontario. Sudbury is also home to a large Franco-Ontarian population that influences its arts and culture.", "Q182786": "Herv\u00e9 Gaymard (born 31 May 1960 in Bourg-Saint-Maurice, Savoie) is a French politician and a member of The Republicans conservative party. He served as the country's Minister of Finances from 30 November 2004 until his resignation on 25 February 2005.\nGaymard attended Sciences Po and then at the \u00c9cole nationale d'administration, graduating from the latter in 1986. After that he worked as a civil servant in a number of finance-related positions.\nHe was elected as a local councillor in the Savoie commune of Mo\u00fbtiers in 1994. He later served on the departmental council of Savoie, and in 1999, became its president. He was appointed to the finance ministry in November 2004, and was forced to resign barely 12 weeks later, on Friday, 25 February 2005.\nHe is married to Clara Gaymard (in French) the CEO of General Electric in France (and VP of GE International) daughter of geneticist J\u00e9r\u00f4me Lejeune. A Catholic, he is the father of eight children: Philoth\u00e9e, B\u00e9r\u00e9nice, Tha\u00efs, Am\u00e9d\u00e9e, Eulalie, Faustine, J\u00e9r\u00f4me-Aristide, Ang\u00e9lico.\n\n", "Q504066": "Cornell Capa (born Korn\u00e9l Friedmann; April 10, 1918 \u2013 May 23, 2008) was a Hungarian American photographer, member of Magnum Photos, photo curator, and the younger brother of photo-journalist and war photographer Robert Capa. Graduating from Imre Mad\u00e1ch Gymnasium in Budapest, he initially intended to study medicine, but instead joined his brother in Paris to pursue photography. Cornell was an ambitious photo enthusiast who founded the International Center of Photography in New York in 1974 with help from Micha Bar-Am after a stint of working for both Life magazine and Magnum Photos.\n\n", "Q446527": "Sir William Henry White, (2 February 1845 \u2013 27 February 1913) was a prolific British warship designer and Chief Constructor at the Admiralty.", "Q621510": "Max Valier (February 9, 1895 \u2013 May 17, 1930) was an Austrian rocketry pioneer. He helped found the German Verein f\u00fcr Raumschiffahrt (VfR - \"Spaceflight Society\") that would bring together many of the minds that would later make spaceflight a reality in the 20th century.", "Q120327": "Alexander Baumgartner (born in St. Gall, Switzerland, 27 June 1841; died Luxembourg, 1910) was a poet and writer on the history of literature.\nHe was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times.", "Q668676": "The City of College Park is in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, and is approximately four miles (6.4 km) from the northeast border of Washington. The population was 30,413 at the 2010 United States Census. It is best known as the home of the University of Maryland, College Park, and since 1994 the city has also been home to the National Archives at College Park, a facility of the U.S. National Archives, as well as to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Weather and Climate Prediction (NCWCP).", "Q1397888": "Govert Bidloo or Govard Bidloo (12 March 1649 \u2013 30 March 1713) was a Dutch Golden Age physician, anatomist, poet and playwright. He was the personal physician of William III of Orange-Nassau, Dutch stadholder and King of England, Scotland and Ireland.\nBidloo was also a prolific and popular poet, opera librettist, and playwright. He wrote the libretto for the first-ever Dutch opera, Ceres, Venus en Bacchus (1686) by Johan Schenck. His collected works were published in three volumes after his death.\nOne of Bidloo's students was his nephew Nicolaas Bidloo, who would go on to become the personal physician of Russian czar Peter the Great, and also founded a medical school in Moscow.", "Q53441": "Boles\u0142aw III Wrymouth (also known as Boleslaus III the Wry-mouthed, Polish: Boles\u0142aw III Krzywousty) (20 August 1086 \u2013 28 October 1138), was a Duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102 and 1107 and over the whole Poland between 1107 and 1138. He was the only child of Prince W\u0142adys\u0142aw I Herman and his first wife Judith, daughter of Vratislaus II of Bohemia.\nBoles\u0142aw began to rule in the last decade of the 11th century, when the central government in Poland was significantly weakened. W\u0142adys\u0142aw I Herman fell under the political dependence of the Count palatine Sieciech, who became the real ruler of the country. Backed by their father, Boleslaw and his half-brother Zbigniew finally expelled Sieciech from the country in 1101, after several years of fighting. After the death of W\u0142adys\u0142aw I Herman in 1102, two independent states were created ruled by Boles\u0142aw and Zbigniew.\nBoles\u0142aw sought to gain Pomerania which caused an armed conflict between the brothers, and forced Zbigniew to flee the country and seek military help from German King Henry V. Boles\u0142aw punished Zbigniew by blinding him. This action caused outrage among supporters of Zbigniew, resulting in a political crisis in Poland. Boles\u0142aw once again gained the favor of his subjects with public penance, and made a pilgrimage to the monastery of his patron, Saint Giles, in Hungary.\nBoles\u0142aw, like Boles\u0142aw II the Generous, based his foreign policy on maintaining good relations with neighboring Hungary and Kievan Rus, with whom he forged strong links through marriage and military cooperation in order to break the political dependence on Germany and his vassal, the King of Bohemia, who in moments of weakness of Polish policy was forced to pay tribute in Silesia. These alliances had allowed Boles\u0142aw to effectively defend the country from invasion in 1109. Several years later, Boles\u0142aw skillfully took advantage of the dynastic disputes in Bohemia to ensure peace on the south-west border.\nBoles\u0142aw devoted the second half of his rule to the conquest of Pomerania. In 1113 he conquered the northern strongholds along Note\u0107, which strengthened the border with the Pomeranians. In subsequent years, he took steps toward the conquest of Pomerania. The resolution of the conflict with the Holy Roman Empire allowed Boles\u0142aw to subordinate Western Pomerania and incorporate Gda\u0144sk Pomerania. The military expeditions, carried out in three stages, ended in the 1120s with military and political successes. Integration of the newly annexed lands enabled Boles\u0142aw to build churches and began the process of converting Pomerania. Bishop Otto of Bamberg confirmed the Christianization of Pomerania from 1123 onward.\nIn the 1130s Boles\u0142aw participated in the dynastic dispute in Hungary. After an unexpected defeat, he was forced to make an agreement with Germany. The Congress of Merseburg of 1135 addressed the issues of Pomerania, Silesian (probably also Polish) sovereignty and the supremacy of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg over the Polish Church.\nBoles\u0142aw was married twice. His first marriage with the Kievan princess Zbyslava gave him an excuse to intervene militarily in the internal affairs of Russia. After her death, Boles\u0142aw married to a German noblewoman, Salomea of Berg, which in some way was the cause of changes in Polish foreign policy: in the second half of his rule, the Prince sought to restore diplomatic relations with his western neighbor. His last, and perhaps the most momentous act, was his will and testament known as \"The Succession Statute\" in which he divided the country among his sons, leading to almost 200 years of feudal fragmentation of the Polish Kingdom.\nBoles\u0142aw III Wrymouth has been recognized by historiography as a symbol of Polish political aspirations until well into the 19th century. He also upheld the independence of the Polish archbishopric of Gniezno, despite a temporary failure in the 1130s. Despite undoubted successes, he committed serious political errors, most notably against Zbigniew of Poland, his half-brother. The crime against Zbigniew and his penance for it show Boles\u0142aw's great ambition as well as his ability to find political compromise.", "Q87176": "Julius Roderich Benedix (21 January 1811 \u2013 26 September 1873) was a German dramatist and librettist, born in Leipzig, where he was educated there at Thomasschule.\nHe joined the stage in 1831, his first engagement being with the travelling company of H. E. Bethmann in Dessau, K\u00f6then, Bernburg and Meiningen. Subsequently he was tenor in several theatres in Westphalia and on the Rhine, and became manager of the theatre at Wesel, where he produced a comedy, Das bemooste Haupt (1841), which met with great success.\nAfter an engagement in Cologne, he managed the new theatre at Elberfeld (1844-1845) and in 1849 was appointed teacher on the staff of the Rhenish school of music in Cologne. In 1855 he was appointed intendant of the municipal theatre in Frankfurt-on-Main, but retired in 1861, and died in Leipzig in 1873.\nBenedix's comedies, the scenes of which are mostly laid in upper middle-class life, still enjoy some popularity; the best-known are: Dr. Wespe; Die Hochzeitsreise; Der Vetter; Das L\u00fcgen; Ein Lustspiel; Das Gef\u00e4ngnis; Der St\u00f6renfried; Die Dienstboten; Aschenbr\u00f6del; and Die z\u00e4rtlichen Verwandten. The chief characteristics of his farces are a clear plot and bright, easy and natural dialogue. Among his more serious works are: Bilder aus dem Schauspielerleben (Leipzig, 1847); Der m\u00fcndliche Vortrag (Leipzig, 1859-1860); Das Wesen des deutschen Rhythmus (Leipzig, 1862) and, posthumously, Die Shakespearomanie (1873), in which he attacks the extreme adoration of the British poet.\nBenedix's Gesammelte dramatische Werke (\"Collected Dramatic Works\") appeared in 27 vols. (Leipzig, 1846-1875); a selection under the title Volkstheater in 20 vols. (Leipzig, 1882); and a collection of smaller comedies as Haustheater in 2 vols. (l0th ed., Leipzig, 1891); see Benedix's autobiography in the Gartenlaube for 1871.", "Q930038": "Thomas Martin Dumont (born January 11, 1968) is an American guitarist and producer. Dumont is a member of third wave ska band No Doubt, and during the band's hiatus, he began Invincible Overlord as a side project and produced Matt Costa's Songs We Sing.", "Q91714": "Generalmajor Carl-Alfred (August) Schumacher (19 February 1896, Rheine \u2013 22 May 1967, Bad Godesberg) was a German military officer and politician. During World War II, Schumacher served in the German Luftwaffe, commanding the Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1) fighter wing. After World War II, Schumacher was an active politician and elected member of the Landtag in Lower Saxony (1951\u20131963).\n\n", "Q116695": "Jan Mil\u00ed\u010d z Krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017ee (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8m\u026ali\u02d0t\u0283]; Latin: Ioannes Milicius de Chremsir; German: Johann Militsch von Kremsier; died 29 June 1374) was a Czech Catholic priest and the most influential preacher of the emerging Bohemian Reformation in the 14th century. Together with other Bohemian preachers and writers of that time, he paved in a certain sense the way for the reforming activity of Jan Hus.", "Q107940": "Star Trek: The Motion Picture is a 1979 American science fiction film directed by Robert Wise and based on the television series Star Trek created by Gene Roddenberry, who also served as its producer. It is the first installment in the Star Trek film series, and stars the cast of the original television series. In the film, set in the 2270s, a mysterious and immensely powerful alien cloud known as V'Ger approaches Earth, destroying everything in its path. Admiral James T. Kirk (William Shatner) assumes command of the recently refitted Starship USS Enterprise, to lead it on a mission to save the planet and determine V'Ger's origins.\nWhen the original television series was canceled in 1969, Roddenberry lobbied Paramount Pictures to continue the franchise through a feature film. The success of the series in syndication convinced the studio to begin work on the film in 1975. A series of writers attempted to craft a \"suitably epic\" script, but the attempts did not satisfy Paramount, who scrapped the project in 1977. Paramount instead planned on returning the franchise to its roots, with a new television series titled Star Trek: Phase II. The box office success of Close Encounters of the Third Kind, however, convinced Paramount that science fiction films other than Star Wars could do well, so the studio canceled production of Phase II and resumed its attempts at making a Star Trek film.\nIn 1978, Paramount assembled the largest press conference held at the studio since the 1950s to announce that Wise would direct a $15 million film adaptation of the original television series. With the cancellation of Phase II, writers rushed to adapt its planned pilot episode, \"In Thy Image\", into a film script. Constant revisions to the story and the shooting script continued to the extent of hourly script updates on shooting dates. The Enterprise was modified inside and out, costume designer Robert Fletcher provided new uniforms, and production designer Harold Michelson fabricated new sets. Jerry Goldsmith composed the film's score, beginning an association with Star Trek that would continue until 2002. When the original contractors for the optical effects proved unable to complete their tasks in time, effects supervisor Douglas Trumbull was given carte blanche to meet the film's December 1979 release date. The film came together only days before the premiere; Wise took the just-completed film to its Washington, D.C., opening, but always felt that the final theatrical version was a rough cut of the film he wanted to make.\nReleased in North America on December 7, 1979, Star Trek: The Motion Picture received mixed reviews, many of which faulted it for a lack of action scenes and over-reliance on special effects. Its final production cost ballooned to approximately $45 million, and it earned $139 million worldwide, short of studio expectations but enough for Paramount to propose a less expensive sequel. Roddenberry was forced out of creative control for the sequel, Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982). In 2001, Wise oversaw a director's cut for a special DVD release of the film, with remastered audio, tightened and added scenes, and new computer-generated effects.\n\n", "Q170510": "Sir Ian Murray McKellen (born 25 May 1939) is an English actor. His career spans genres ranging from Shakespearean and modern theatre to popular fantasy and science fiction.\nHe is the recipient of six Laurence Olivier Awards, a Tony Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a BIF Award, two Saturn Awards, four Drama Desk Awards, and two Critics' Choice Awards. He has also received nominations for two Academy Awards, five Primetime Emmy Awards, and four BAFTAs.\nHe achieved worldwide fame for his film roles, including the titular King in Richard III (1995), James Whale in Gods and Monsters (1998), Magneto in the X-Men films, and Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit trilogies.\nThe BBC states that his \"performances have guaranteed him a place in the canon of English stage and film actors\". A recipient of every major theatrical award in the UK, McKellen is regarded as a British cultural icon. He started his professional career in 1961 at the Belgrade Theatre as a member of their highly regarded repertory company. In 1965, McKellen made his first West End appearance. In 1969, he was invited to join the Prospect Theatre Company to play the lead parts in Shakespeare's Richard II and Marlowe's Edward II, and he firmly established himself as one of the country's foremost classical actors. In the 1970s, McKellen became a stalwart of the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National Theatre of Great Britain.\nMcKellen was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1979 Birthday Honours, was knighted in the 1991 New Year Honours for services to the performing arts, and made a Companion of Honour for services to drama and to equality in the 2008 New Year Honours. He has been openly gay since 1988, and continues to be a champion for LGBT social movements worldwide. He was awarded Freedom of the City of London in October 2014.", "Q1175679": "David Miller (March 17, 1883, Ohio River, Ohio \u2013 November 1, 1953) was an American country musician. He is one of the earliest musicians to be associated with country music recording.\nMiller grew up working at a fruit farm, and served in the Army in World War I. While there, he contracted blepharitis, and became totally blind as a result. After his blindness set in, he began playing guitar and moved to Huntington, West Virginia. He recorded a few pieces for the Starr Piano Company in 1924 and again in 1927, which are some of the earliest surviving audio documents of old-time music. He also recorded for Paramount Records in 1930. He played on West Virginia radio station WSAZ with Cecil Adkins from 1927 to 1933. He also played with a string band called the West Virginia Mockingbirds in the 1930s and 1940s, alongside four brothers, Ed, George, Albert, and Frank Baumgardner. They played on radio and at local churches and dance parties, and became regionally popular. Miller continued to perform into the early 1950s, playing regularly at the Guyandotte theater alongside musicians such as T. Texas Tyler and Patsy Cline.", "Q502417": "Andrei Gabriel Ple\u0219u (Romanian pronunciation: [an\u02c8drej \u0261abri\u02c8el \u02c8ple\u0283u]; born 23 August 1948) is a Romanian philosopher, essayist, journalist, literary and art critic. He has been intermittently involved in politics assuming the roles of Minister of Culture (1989\u201391), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1997\u201399) and presidential counsellor for external affairs (2004\u201305).", "Q1397650": "Thomas Augustus Watson (January 18, 1854 \u2013 December 13, 1934) was an assistant to Alexander Graham Bell, notably in the invention of the telephone in 1876.", "Q1029099": "Jack William Frederick Gwillim (15 December 1909 \u2013 2 July 2001) was an English character actor.", "Q64372": "Sins is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q471214": "Rose Red is a 2002 American television miniseries scripted by horror novelist Stephen King, directed by Craig R. Baxley, and starring Nancy Travis, Matt Keeslar, Julian Sands, Kimberly J. Brown, David Dukes, Melanie Lynskey, Matt Ross, and Emily Deschanel. It was filmed in Lakewood, Washington. The plot focuses on a reputedly haunted mansion located in Seattle, Washington named Rose Red. Due to its long history of supernatural events and unexplained tragedies, the house is investigated by parapsychologist Dr. Joyce Reardon and a team of gifted psychics.\nOriginally conceived as a feature film, writer Stephen King pitched the idea for Rose Red to Steven Spielberg in 1996, envisioning it as a loose remake of Robert Wise's The Haunting (which itself was based on Shirley Jackson's novel The Haunting of Hill House). In 1999, a feature film remake of The Haunting was released, after which King's script was revised and expanded into a miniseries. In writing the teleplay, King incorporated a variety of influences, including elements of Jackson's novel as well as the Winchester Mystery House in San Jose, California. The setting changed from Los Angeles to Seattle after the production team secured the Thornewood Estate in Lakewood as a shooting location. Rose Red was filmed in the fall of 2000 in Seattle and Lakewood with principal photography concluding in mid-December. Post-production lasted approximately six months, during which various special effects were implemented into the series.\nABC provided Rose Red a $200,000 marketing campaign, which included extensive advertising. In addition to television commercials, an elaborate campaign was launched to make the fictional mansion and its history appear real: This included a fake website for the fictional Beaumont University, the university featured in the film, as well as the publication of The Diary of Ellen Rimbauer: My Life at Rose Red (2001), a novel purportedly written by the fictional character of Ellen Rimbauer, the wife of the estate's owner, and edited by the miniseries' fictional protagonist, Dr. Joyce Reardon.\nRose Red premiered in the United States on ABC on January 27, 2002, running for three consecutive nights, during which it accrued a viewership of over 18.5 million.", "Q702524": "The University of Erfurt (German: Universit\u00e4t Erfurt) is a public university located in Erfurt, the capital city of the German state of Thuringia. It was founded in 1379, and closed in 1816. It was re-established in 1994, three years after German reunification. Therefore it claims to be both the oldest and youngest university in Germany. The institution identifies itself as a reform university, due to its most famous alumnus Martin Luther, the instigator of the Reformation, who studied there from 1501 to 1505. Today, the main foci centre on multidisciplinarity, internationality, and mentoring.\nThe university is home to the Max Weber Center for Advanced Cultural and Social Studies, the Gotha Research Center for Cultural and Social Scientific Studies, and the Willy Brandt School of Public Policy.\nThe Gotha Research Library, which has one of Germany's largest collections of early modern manuscripts, is part of the university. The University Library is also the keeper of the Bibliotheca Amploniana, a collection of nearly 1000 medieval manuscripts collected by the scholar Amplonius Rating de Berka (c.1363-1435), who was a former Rector of the university.", "Q195365": "Jeanne Fusier-Gir (1885\u20131973) was a French stage and film actress. She was married to the painter Charles Gir, and was the mother of the film director Fran\u00e7ois Gir.", "Q25448": "The Berber languages, also known as Berber or the Amazigh languages (Berber name: Tamazi\u0263t, Tamazight; Neo-Tifinagh: \u2d5c\u2d30\u2d4e\u2d30\u2d63\u2d49\u2d56\u2d5c, Tuareg Tifinagh: \u2d5c\u2d4e\u2d63\u2d57\u2d5c, pronounced [t\u00e6m\u00e6\u02c8z\u026a\u0263t], [\u03b8\u00e6m\u00e6\u02c8z\u026a\u0263\u03b8]), are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They comprise a group of closely related languages spoken by the Berbers, who are indigenous to North Africa. The languages were traditionally written with the ancient Libyco-Berber script, which now exists in the form of Tifinagh.Berber is spoken by large populations of Morocco, Algeria and Libya, by smaller populations of Tunisia, northern Mali, western and northern Niger, northern Burkina Faso and Mauritania and in the Siwa Oasis of Egypt. Large Berber-speaking migrant communities, today numbering about 4 million, have been living in Western Europe, spanning over three generations, since the 1950s. The number of Berber people is much higher than the number of Berber speakers.\nAround 90% of the Berber-speaking population speak one of seven major varieties of Berber, each with at least 2 million speakers. They are, in order of number of speakers: Shilha (Tacel\u1e25iyt), Kabyle (Taqbaylit), Central Atlas Tamazight (Tamazi\u0263t), Riffian (internal: Tmazi\u0263t, external: Tarifiyt), Shawiya (Tacawit) and Tuareg (Tamaceq/Tamajeq/Tamaheq). The now extinct Guanche language spoken on the Canary Islands by the Guanches, as well as possibly the languages of the ancient C-Group culture in today's southern Egypt and northern Sudan, are believed to have belonged to the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic family. However, recent evidence suggests that the C-Group peoples spoke an Afro-Asiatic language of the Cushitic branch (with peoples to the south in Upper Nubia possibly speaking Nilo-Saharan languages).The Berber languages and dialects have had a written tradition, on and off, for about 2,500 years, although the tradition has been frequently disrupted by cultural shifts and invasions. They were first written in the Libyco-Berber abjad, which is still used today by the Tuareg in the form of Tifinagh. The oldest dated inscription is from 3rd century BCE. Later, between about 1000 CE and 1500 CE, they were written in the Arabic script, and since the 20th century they have been written in the Berber Latin alphabet, especially among the Kabyle and Riffian communities of Morocco and Algeria. The Berber Latin alphabet was also used by most European and Berber linguists during the 19th and 20th centuries.A modernised form of the Tifinagh alphabet, called Neo-Tifinagh, was adopted in Morocco in 2003 for writing Berber, but many Moroccan Berber publications still use the Berber Latin alphabet. Algerians mostly use the Berber Latin alphabet in Berber-language education at public schools, while Tifinagh is mostly used for artistic symbolism. Mali and Niger recognise a Tuareg Berber Latin alphabet customised to the Tuareg phonological system. However, traditional Tifinagh is still used in those countries.\nThere is a cultural and political movement among speakers of the closely related varieties of Northern Berber to promote and unify them under a written standard language called Tamazi\u0263t (or Tamazight). The name Tamazi\u0263t is the current native name of the Berber language in the Moroccan Middle Atlas and Rif regions and the Libyan Zuwarah region. In other Berber-speaking areas, this name was lost. There is historical evidence from medieval Berber manuscripts that all indigenous North Africans from Libya to Morocco have at some point called their language Tamazi\u0263t. The name Tamazi\u0263t is currently being used increasingly by educated Berbers to refer to the written Berber language, and even to Berber as a whole, including Tuareg.\nIn 2001, Berber became a constitutional national language of Algeria, and in 2011 Berber became a constitutionally official language of Morocco. In 2016, Berber became a constitutionally official language of Algeria alongside Arabic.", "Q458686": "Helen Churchill Candee (October 5, 1858 \u2013 August 23, 1949) was an American author, journalist, interior decorator, feminist, and geographer. Today, she is best known as a survivor of the sinking of RMS Titanic in 1912, and for her later work as a travel writer and explorer of southeast Asia.", "Q62703": "Wolfgang Thierse (German pronunciation: [\u02c8v\u0254lf\u0261a\u014b \u02c8ti\u02d0\u0250\u032fz\u0259]; born 22 October 1943) is a German politician (SPD). He served as the 11th President of the Bundestag from 1998 to 2005.\n\n", "Q1807268": "Ernst Edvard Krogius (June 6, 1865 \u2013 September 21, 1955) was a Finnish lawyer, shipowner and sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.\nHe was a crew member of the Finnish boat Heatherbell, which won the bronze medal in the 12 metre class.", "Q119439": "Frank Plasberg (born May 18, 1957 in Remscheid) is a German journalist and television presenter.", "Q193714": "Mandatory Palestine (Arabic: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u200e Filas\u1e6d\u012bn; Hebrew: \u05e4\u05b8\u05bc\u05dc\u05b6\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05ea\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05e0\u05b8\u05d4 (\u05d0\"\u05d9) P\u0101l\u0113\u015bt\u012bn\u0101 (EY), where \"EY\" indicates Eretz Yisrael Land of Israel) was a geopolitical entity established between 1920 and 1948 in the region of Palestine under the terms of the Mandate for Palestine.\nDuring the First World War (1914\u201318), an Arab uprising and the British Empire's Egyptian Expeditionary Force under General Edmund Allenby drove the Turks out of the Levant during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. The United Kingdom had agreed in the McMahon\u2013Hussein Correspondence that it would honour Arab independence if they revolted against the Ottomans, but the two sides had different interpretations of this agreement, and in the end, the UK and France divided up the area under the Sykes\u2013Picot Agreement\u2014an act of betrayal in the eyes of the Arabs. Further complicating the issue was the Balfour Declaration of 1917, promising British support for a Jewish \"national home\" in Palestine. At the war's end the British and French set up a joint \"Occupied Enemy Territory Administration\" in what had been Ottoman Syria. The British achieved legitimacy for their continued control by obtaining a mandate from the League of Nations in June 1922. The formal objective of the League of Nations mandate system was to administer parts of the defunct Ottoman Empire, which had been in control of the Middle East since the 16th century, \"until such time as they are able to stand alone.\"During the British Mandate period the area experienced the ascent of two major nationalist movements, one among the Jews and the other among the Palestinian Arabs. The competing national interests of the two populations against each other and against the governing British authorities matured into the Arab Revolt of 1936\u20131939 and the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine, before culminating in the 1947\u20131949 Palestine war. This led to the establishment of the 1949 cease-fire agreement, with partition of the former Mandatory Palestine between the newborn state of Israel with a Jewish majority, the Arab West Bank annexed by the Jordanian Kingdom and the Arab All-Palestine Protectorate in the Gaza Strip under Egypt.", "Q262755": "Dorothea Jordan (21 November 1761 \u2013 5 July 1816), also known interchangeably as Mrs Jordan and previously Miss Francis or Miss Bland, was an Anglo-Irish actress, courtesan and the mistress and companion of the future King William IV of the United Kingdom for 20 years (1791\u20131811) while he was Duke of Clarence. Together they had ten illegitimate children, all of whom took the surname FitzClarence.", "Q43915": "Otto I (23 November 912 \u2013 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Gro\u00dfe, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. He was the oldest son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda.\nOtto inherited the Duchy of Saxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's death in 936. He continued his father's work of unifying all German tribes into a single kingdom and greatly expanded the king's powers at the expense of the aristocracy. Through strategic marriages and personal appointments, Otto installed members of his family in the kingdom's most important duchies. This reduced the various dukes, who had previously been co-equals with the king, to royal subjects under his authority. Otto transformed the Roman Catholic Church in Germany to strengthen royal authority and subjected its clergy to his personal control.\nAfter putting down a brief civil war among the rebellious duchies, Otto defeated the Magyars at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955, thus ending the Hungarian invasions of Western Europe. The victory against the pagan Magyars earned Otto a reputation as a savior of Christendom and secured his hold over the kingdom. By 961, Otto had conquered the Kingdom of Italy. The patronage of Otto and his immediate successors facilitated a so-called \"Ottonian Renaissance\" of arts and architecture. Following the example of Charlemagne's coronation as \"Emperor of the Romans\" in 800, Otto was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962 by Pope John XII in Rome.\nOtto's later years were marked by conflicts with the papacy and struggles to stabilize his rule over Italy. Reigning from Rome, Otto sought to improve relations with the Byzantine Empire, which opposed his claim to emperorship and his realm's further expansion to the south. To resolve this conflict, the Byzantine princess Theophanu married his son Otto II in April 972. Otto finally returned to Germany in August 972 and died at Memleben in May 973. Otto II succeeded him as Holy Roman Emperor.", "Q224700": "Comedy horror or horror comedy is a literary and film genre that combines elements of comedy and horror fiction. Comedy horror has been described as able to be categorized under three types: \"black comedy, parody and spoof.\" It often crosses over with the black comedy genre. Comedy horror can also parody or subtly spoof horror clich\u00e9s as its main source of humour or use those elements to take a story in a different direction, for example in The Cabin in the Woods, Tucker & Dale vs. Evil, or the Evil Dead franchise.\nAuthor Bruce G. Hallenbeck cites the short story \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" by Washington Irving as \"the first great comedy horror story\". The story made readers \"laugh one moment and scream the next\", and its premise was based on mischief typically found during the holiday Halloween.", "Q597785": "Ferenc Tal\u00e1nyi (born Ferenc Temlin, Slovene: Franc Talanyi, or Talanji) (23 May 1883 \u2013 9 July 1959) was a Slovene writer, journalist, and painter from Prekmurje.", "Q2176967": "Russell Williams Porter (December 13, 1871 \u2013 February 22, 1949) was an American artist, engineer, amateur astronomer and Arctic explorer. He was a pioneer in the field of \u201ccutaway illustration\" and is sometimes referred to as the \"founder\" or one of the \"founders\" of amateur telescope making.\"", "Q78983": "Helmut Zilk (9 June 1927, Vienna \u2013 24 October 2008, Vienna) was an Austrian journalist and politician in the Austrian Social Democratic Party. He served as mayor of Vienna between 1984 and 1994.", "Q372234": "Semyon Lyvovich Ferdman PAR, better known by his stage name Semyon Farada (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430, born December 31, 1933, Nikolskoye village of Moscow Oblast, USSR \u2014 died August 20, 2009 in Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian stage and film actor.", "Q1370632": "David Farrington Thornton (born June 12, 1953) is an American actor. He has appeared in John Q, Home Alone 3, Law & Order, The Notebook, and The Other Woman, among other roles. He is the husband of Grammy Award-winning singer and songwriter Cyndi Lauper.", "Q71019": "Eva Strittmatter (n\u00e9e Braun; 8 February 1930 \u2013 3 January 2011) was a German writer of poetry, prose, and children's literature.Her books of poems sold millions of copies, reportedly making her the most successful German poet of the second half of the 20th century.", "Q11935": "Locarno (Italian: [lo\u02c8karno], German: [lo\u02c8karno]; Ticinese: Locarn [lu\u02c8k\u0251\u02d0rn]; formerly in German: Lugg\u00e1rus [lu\u02c8\u0261a\u02d0r\u028as]) is a southern Swiss town and municipality in the district Locarno (and its capital), located on the northern shore of Lake Maggiore at its northeastern tip in the canton of Ticino at the southern foot of the Swiss Alps. It has a population of about 16,000 (proper), and about 56,000 for the agglomeration of the same name including Ascona besides other municipalities.The town of Locarno is located on the northeastern part of Maggia's delta; across the river lies the town Ascona on the southwestern part of the delta.\nIt is the 74th largest city in Switzerland by population and the third largest in the Ticino canton, after Lugano and Bellinzona.\nThe official language of Locarno is Italian.\nThe town is known for hosting the Locarno International Film Festival which takes place every year in August and involves open-air screenings at the main square, the Piazza Grande. It is also known for the Locarno Treaties, a series of European territorial agreements negotiated here in October 1925.\nIn January 2004, the Italian historian Marino Vigano speculated that Locarno's castle may have been designed by Leonardo da Vinci.", "Q863": "Tajikistan ( (listen), ; Tajik: \u0422\u043e\u04b7\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d [t\u0254d\u0292ikis\u02c8t\u0254n]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Tajik: \u04b6\u0443\u043c\u04b3\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0422\u043e\u04b7\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d, Jumhurii Tojikiston) is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi) and an estimated population of 9,275,828 people. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. The traditional homelands of the Tajik people include present-day Tajikistan as well as parts of Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.\nThe territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilisation, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism and Islam. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sasanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, the Khanate of Bukhara, the Russian Empire, and subsequently the Soviet Union. Within the Soviet Union, the country's modern borders were drawn when it was part of Uzbekistan as an autonomous republic before becoming a full-fledged Soviet republic in 1929.On 9 September 1991, Tajikistan became an independent sovereign nation when the Soviet Union disintegrated. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. Like all other Central Asian neighbouring states, the country, led by President Emomali Rahmon since 1994, has been criticised by a number of non-governmental organizations for authoritarian leadership, lack of religious freedom, corruption and widespread violations of human rights.\nTajikistan is a presidential republic consisting of four provinces. Most of Tajikistan's population belongs to the Tajik ethnic group, who speak Tajik (a dialect of Persian). Russian is used as the inter-ethnic language. While the state is constitutionally secular, Islam is practiced by 98% of the population. In the Gorno-Badakhshan Oblast of Tajikistan, despite its sparse population, there is large linguistic diversity where Rushani, Shughni, Ishkashimi, Wakhi and Tajik are some of the languages spoken. Mountains cover more than 90% of the country. It has a transition economy that is highly dependent on remittances, aluminium and cotton production. Tajikistan is a member of the United Nations, CIS, OSCE, OIC, ECO, SCO and CSTO as well as an NATO PfP partner.", "Q60114": "Ant\u00f3nio dos Santos Ramalho Eanes, GColL GCL GColTE CavA (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0250\u0303\u02c8t\u0254niu \u0281\u0250\u02c8ma\u028eu i\u02c8\u0250n\u0268\u0283]; born 25 January 1935) is a Portuguese general and politician who was the 16th President of Portugal from 1976 to 1986.", "Q239037": "Reiko M. Aylesworth (born December 9, 1972) is an American film, television and stage actress, best known for her role on the television series 24 as Michelle Dessler.", "Q85826": "Ignaz Czapka was a mayor of Vienna.", "Q270351": "American Gangster is a 2007 American biographical crime film directed and produced by Ridley Scott and written by Steven Zaillian. The film is fictionally based on the criminal career of Frank Lucas, a gangster from La Grange, North Carolina who smuggled heroin into the United States on American service planes returning from the Vietnam War, before being detained by a task force led by detective Richie Roberts. The film stars Denzel Washington and Russell Crowe in their first lead acting roles together since 1995's Virtuosity. The film also co-stars Ted Levine, John Ortiz, Josh Brolin, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Norman Reedus, Ruby Dee, Lymari Nadal and Cuba Gooding Jr.\nDevelopment for the film initially began in 2000, when Universal Pictures and Imagine Entertainment purchased the rights to a New York magazine story about the rise and fall of Lucas. Two years later, screenwriter Steven Zaillian introduced a 170-page scriptment to Scott. Original production plans were to commence in Toronto for budget purposes; however, production eventually relocated permanently to New York City. Because of the film's rising budget Universal canceled production in 2004. After negotiations with Terry George, it was later revived with Scott at the helm in March 2005. Principal photography commenced over a period of five months from July to December 2006; filming took place throughout New York City and concluded in Thailand.\nAmerican Gangster premiered in New York on October 20, 2007, and was released in the United States and Canada on November 2. The film was well received by most film critics, and grossed over US$266.5 million worldwide, with domestic grosses standing at $130.1 million. Many of the people portrayed, including Roberts and Lucas, have stated that the film took a lot of creative license with the story, and three former DEA agents sued Universal claiming the agency's portrayal was demoralizing. American Gangster was nominated for twenty-one awards, including two Oscar nominations for Best Art Direction and Best Supporting Actress (Ruby Dee), and won three including a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role for Dee. It was followed by prequel television series Godfather of Harlem in 2019.\n\n", "Q77468": "Tankred Dorst (19 December 1925 \u2013 1 June 2017) was a German playwright and storyteller.Dorst lived and worked in Munich. His farces, parables, one-act-plays and adaptations were inspired by the theatre of the absurd and the works of Ionesco, Giraudoux and Beckett. His monumental drama Merlin oder das w\u00fcste Land, which was premiered in 1981 in D\u00fcsseldorf, has been compared to Goethe's Faust. Some critics see it as the first major drama of the 1980s. In his tribute to Tankred Dorst on the occasion of the conferment of the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize in 1990, Georg Hensel remarked that Dorst's plays all have a direct connection to the present: \"For 30 years Dorst's plays have responded to the great transformations. He has always been a companion to the times.\"\nDorst first directed the Ring of the Nibelung in Bayreuth in 2006.\n\n", "Q332610": "Eamonn Kevin Roche (June 14, 1922 \u2013 March 1, 2019) was an Irish-born American Pritzker Prize-winning architect. He has been responsible for the design/master planning for over 200 built projects in both the U.S. and abroad. These projects include eight museums, 38 corporate headquarters, seven research facilities, performing arts centers, theaters, and campus buildings for six universities. In 1967 he created the master plan for the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and henceforth designed all of the new wings and installation of many collections including the recently reopened American and Islamic wings.\nBorn in Dublin and a graduate from University College, Roche went to the United States to study with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe at the Illinois Institute of Technology. In the U.S., he became the principal designer for Eero Saarinen, and opened his own architectural firm in 1967.\nAmong other awards, Roche received the Pritzker in 1982, the Gold Medal Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1990, and the AIA Gold Medal in 1993.", "Q70307": "Mark Benecke (born August 26, 1970) is a German forensic biologist.\nBenecke was born in Rosenheim (Bavaria). After receiving a Dr. rer. medic. at Cologne University in 1997, he worked in the Chief Medical Examiner's Office in Manhattan, New York from 1997\u20131999. As of 1999, he works internationally on forensic cases as a freelance expert witness. He also teaches at various police academies and acts as a visiting professor to universities in Germany, England, Vietnam, Colombia, and the Philippines.\nBenecke has worked on the identification of Adolf and Eva Hitler's skull and teeth in Moscow, and is the only forensic scientist to work on the case of Colombian serial killer and rapist Luis Garavito. Some of his forensic cases have been covered by the National Geographic Channel and the History Channel. \nBenecke has published several popular science books about the biology of aging, criminal cases and forensic biology. He is a member of the editorial board of the Annals of Improbable Research (Cambridge, USA), guest editor for Forensic Science International (Forensic Entomology Special Issue. and scientific advisor to the German skeptic organization GWUP, where he publishes skeptical articles on various topics, including his attempt to explain alleged signs of vampirism.Using the pseudonym \"Belcanto Bene\", Benecke was a member of the German punk band Die Blonden Burschen between 1989\u20132000.In 2004, he was the guest editor of Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology for the Forensic Entomology Special Issue).In 2010, he was candidate for the office of prime minister for Germany's largest state North Rhine-Westphalia for the satirical political party Die PARTEI. Since 2010, he is Chairman of Die PARTEI in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.In 2011 Mark featured as a vocalist on Sara Noxx's cover of Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds' song \"Where the Wild Roses Grow\".He was married to the criminal psychologist Lydia Benecke.", "Q576209": "Ottawa is a city located at the confluence of the navigable Illinois River and Fox River in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. The Illinois River is a conduit for river barges and connects Lake Michigan at Chicago, to the Mississippi River, and North America's 25,000 mile river system. The population estimate was 18,128 as of 2018. It is the county seat of LaSalle County and it is part of the Ottawa-Peru, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.", "Q5216732": "Daniel John Callahan (July 19, 1930 \u2013 July 16, 2019) was an American philosopher who played a leading role in developing the field of biomedical ethics as co-founder of The Hastings Center, the world's first bioethics research institute. He served as the Director of The Hastings Center from 1969 to 1983, president from 1984 to 1996, and president emeritus from 1996 to 2019. He was the author or editor of 47 books.", "Q36434": "Audrey Hollander is an American pornographic actress.\nHer first scene was in the film More Dirty Debutantes 268 with Ed Powers. As of November 2013, she has appeared in over 400 productions and is credited as co-director for the Otto and Audrey Destroy the World series of films. She won the AVN Award for Female Performer of the Year in 2006. Hollander divorced in 2011. After a short leave of absence from the industry in October 2012, Hollander made her official return to performing full-time. She identifies as bisexual.", "Q207867": "Ian Kevin Curtis (15 July 1956 \u2013 18 May 1980) was an English singer-songwriter and musician. He was the lead singer and lyricist of the post-punk band Joy Division and recorded two albums with the group: Unknown Pleasures (1979) and Closer (1980). Curtis was known for his bass-baritone voice, dance style, and songwriting typically filled with imagery of desolation, emptiness, and alienation. \nMusically, Curtis was influenced by a range of artists such as David Bowie, Kraftwerk, Sex Pistols, Jim Morrison, Iggy Pop, Roxy Music, Lou Reed and Neu!, as well as lyrically by writers like William Burroughs, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Sartre, Franz Kafka, Hermann Hesse, T. S. Eliot, J. G. Ballard, and Yehiel De-Nur. Curtis was particularly influenced by Iggy Pop's stage persona.Curtis, who suffered from epilepsy and depression, took his own life on the eve of Joy Division's first North American tour and shortly before the release of Closer. His death resulted in the band's dissolution and the subsequent formation of New Order.\nDespite their short career, Joy Division have exerted a wide-reaching influence. John Bush of AllMusic argues that Joy Division \"became the first band in the post-punk movement by ... emphasizing not anger and energy but mood and expression, pointing ahead to the rise of melancholy alternative music in the '80s.\"Joy Division's influence has extended from contemporaries such as U2 and the Cure to later acts such as Radiohead, Nine Inch Nails, Neurosis, Interpol, Bloc Party, Editors and some rap artists.", "Q1361059": "Fran\u00e7ois Alexandre Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric de La Rochefoucauld, Duke of La Rochefoucauld (11 January 1747 \u2013 27 March 1827) was a French social reformer.", "Q268278": "Jada Fire is an American retired pornographic actress. \nShe started her career in the adult entertainment industry as a phone sex operator. She is known for her large breasts (in particular her very large areolas), her round buttocks, and her ability to \"squirt\". Many of her performances have been in gonzo-style films with lesbian, interracial, anal, or bondage themes. Her male co-stars have included Julian St. Jox, Byron Long, and Lexington Steele.\nUntil 2006, Fire was represented by LA Direct Models, a talent agency in Los Angeles, California. In 2007, she affiliated with Lighthouse Talent Agency.\nIn 2008, she played the role of Condi (a parody of former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice) in the Hustler production Who's Nailin' Paylin?. On January 11, 2011, Fire made a brief cameo in episode \"Punching Water\" of TNT police drama Southland, as an L.A. gang member's girlfriend awoken by a police search.\nOn February 2nd, 2012 she announced that she was retiring from pornography. saying she would no longer be shooting scenes, but would remain active at webcam sites Naked.com and Streamate.com.\nOn April 6th, 2020 she briefly trended on Twitter after joining Joe Budden\u2019s Instagram live and receiving a response in the live comments from Drake replying to being mentioned by them both.", "Q486844": "MythBusters is an Australian-American science entertainment television program created by Peter Rees and produced by Australia's Beyond Television Productions. The series premiered on the Discovery Channel on January 23, 2003. The series was transmitted by numerous international broadcasters, including SBS Australia (first-run episodes, with repeat episodes shown on 7mate Australia), and other Discovery channels worldwide. The show's hosts, special effects experts Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman, used elements of the scientific method to test the validity of rumors, myths, movie scenes, adages, Internet videos, and news stories. The show was one of the most popular on Discovery Channel, being preceded only by How It's Made and Daily Planet, both in Canada. From 2006 to 2016, the show was overseen by British show-runner Dan Tapster, based in Sydney, San Francisco and Manchester.\nFilmed in San Francisco and edited in Artarmon, New South Wales, MythBusters aired 282 total episodes before its cancellation at the end of its 2016 season in March. Planning and some experimentation took place at Hyneman's workshops in San Francisco; experiments requiring more space or special accommodations were filmed on location, typically around the San Francisco Bay Area and other locations in northern California, going to other states or even countries on occasion when required.\nDuring the second season, members of Savage's and Hyneman's behind-the-scenes team were organized into a second team of MythBusters (\"The Build Team\"). They generally tested myths separately from the main duo and operated from another workshop. This arrangement continued until August 2014, when it was announced at the end of \"Plane Boarding\" that Tory Belleci, Kari Byron, and Grant Imahara would be leaving the show. Savage and Hyneman subsequently hosted the final two seasons alone. On October 21, 2015, it was announced that MythBusters would air its 14th and final season in 2016. The show aired its final episode on March 6, 2016.\nOn November 15, 2017, sister network Science Channel revived the series with the new hosts Jon Lung and Brian Louden, who were selected via the competition spin-off MythBusters: The Search. It is now filmed in Santa Clarita and on location in other parts of southern California.\nMythBusters refers to both the name of the program and the cast members who test the experiments.", "Q59793088": "Ateez (Korean: \uc5d0\uc774\ud2f0\uc988, pronounced \"Ei-Teez\"), is an 8-member boy group from South Korea under the company KQ Entertainment. The group is composed of eight members: Hongjoong, Seonghwa, Yunho, Yeosang, San, Mingi, Wooyoung and Jongho. They debuted on October 24, 2018 with Treasure EP.1: All to Zero. On November 2, 2018, the group performed their song \"Pirate King\" on KBS2's Music Bank.", "Q720785": "Bob Cooper (December 6, 1925 \u2013 August 5, 1993) was a West Coast jazz musician known primarily for playing tenor saxophone, but also for being one of the first to play solos on oboe.\n\n", "Q50969": "Onegin is a 1999 British-American romantic drama film based on Alexander Pushkin's novel in verse Eugene Onegin, co-produced by British and American companies and shot mostly in the United Kingdom. Onegin is Martha Fiennes' directorial debut and stars her brother Ralph Fiennes in the role of Yevgeny (Eugene) Onegin, Liv Tyler as Tatiana, Irene Worth as Princess Alina and Toby Stephens as Lensky. Two other Fiennes siblings were involved in the project: Magnus Fiennes wrote the music and Sophie Fiennes appeared in a minor role.", "Q69130": "Heinrich Krone (1 December 1895 in Hessisch Oldendorf \u2013 15 August 1989 in Bonn) was a German Christian-Democratic politician.\nShortly after beginning his Theology study in 1914, Krone was drafted into service in World War I. After the war Krone continued his study, joining the Catholic Center Party in 1923. He held a variety of positions within the party before being elected to the Reichstag in 1925. He remained in the Reichstag until 1933. Immediately following the fall of the Third Reich Krone played an integral role in establishing the new Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party in Berlin. In 1949 he served in the first post-war West German Bundestag. From 1955 to 1961 he served as the chairman of the CDU faction in the Bundestag, and was a trusted colleague of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer. He remained in the Bundestag until 1969, serving several times as a minister under Chancellors Konrad Adenauer and Ludwig Erhard.", "Q531624": "William Richard Werstine (born April 16, 1952), known professionally as Billy West, is an American voice actor, musician, singer and songwriter. He is well known for his voice-work in commercials, films, television series and video games. His roles include the titular characters on The Ren & Stimpy Show (the former since season 3), Doug Funnie from Doug, and Philip J. Fry, Professor Farnsworth, Dr. Zoidberg, Zapp Brannigan and among others on Futurama. In commercials, he is the current voice of the Red M&M and voiced Buzz from Honey Nut Cheerios until 2004. He has voiced Bugs Bunny, Elmer Fudd(Both from Space Jam), Popeye, Shaggy Rogers and Woody Woodpecker in subsequent animation and was also a cast member on The Howard Stern Show, noted for his impressions of Larry Fine, Marge Schott and George Takei.\n\n", "Q435330": "Martha Kristin Hersh (born August 7, 1966) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and author, known for her solo work and with her rock bands Throwing Muses and 50FootWave. She has released eleven solo albums. Her guitar work and composition style ranges from jaggedly dissonant to traditional folk. Hersh's lyrics have a stream-of-consciousness style, reflecting her personal experiences.", "Q72276": "A Good Day to Die Hard is a 2013 American action thriller film and the fifth and final installment in the Die Hard film series. The film was directed by John Moore and written by Skip Woods, and stars Bruce Willis as John McClane. The main plot finds McClane travelling to Russia to get his estranged son, Jack, an undercover CIA agent, out of prison. He is soon caught in the crossfire of a global terrorist plot. Alongside Willis, the film also stars Jai Courtney, Cole Hauser, Yulia Snigir and Sebastian Koch.\nTalks of a fifth Die Hard film began before the release of the fourth installment, Live Free or Die Hard, with Willis affirming that the latter would not be the last in the series, but pre-production did not start until September 2011, when John Moore was officially announced as the director. Filming began in April 2012, primarily in Budapest, Hungary.\nA Good Day to Die Hard premiered in London on January 31, 2013, coinciding with the unveiling of a Die Hard mural at the Fox Lot, and was released the United States on February 13, 2013. It is the first Die Hard film to use Dolby Atmos Surround Mixing and the first to also be released in IMAX theaters. A Good Day to Die Hard was a box office success but received overwhelmingly negative reviews for its implausible action sequences, cinematography, weak plot, cliched screenplay, and lack of characterization, although the special effects were praised. It is the first film produced by TSG Entertainment, since distributor 20th Century Fox's departure from Dune Entertainment upon the completion of their distribution contract at the end of 2012.", "Q96682": "Alfred Karl Meebold (Heidenheim an der Brenz, Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg, September 29, 1863 \u2013 January 6, 1952, Havelock North, New Zealand) was a botanist, writer, and anthroposophist.", "Q272220": "The Los Angeles Chargers are a professional American football team based in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The Chargers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) West division. The team was founded on August 14, 1959, and began play on September 10, 1960, as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL), and spent its first season in Los Angeles, before moving to San Diego in 1961 to become the San Diego Chargers. The Chargers joined the NFL as result of the AFL\u2013NFL merger in 1970, and played their home games at SDCCU Stadium. The return of the Chargers to Los Angeles was announced for the 2017 season, just one year after the Rams had moved back to the city from St. Louis. The Chargers played their home games at Dignity Health Sports Park, formerly named StubHub Center, from 2017 to 2019. Starting in 2020, they will play their home games at SoFi Stadium, which they will share with the Los Angeles Rams.\nThe Chargers won one AFL title in 1963 and reached the AFL playoffs five times and the AFL Championship four times before joining the NFL (1970) as part of the AFL\u2013NFL merger. In the 43 years since then, the Chargers have made 13 trips to the playoffs and four appearances in the AFC Championship game. In 1994, the Chargers won their lone AFC championship and faced the San Francisco 49ers in Super Bowl XXIX, losing 49\u201326. The Chargers have eight players and one coach enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio: wide receiver Lance Alworth (1962\u20131970), defensive end Fred Dean (1975\u20131981), quarterback Dan Fouts (1973\u20131987), head coach\u2013general manager Sid Gillman (1960\u20131969, 1971), wide receiver Charlie Joiner (1976\u20131986), offensive lineman Ron Mix (1960\u20131969), tight end Kellen Winslow (1979\u20131987), linebacker Junior Seau (1990\u20132002), and running back LaDainian Tomlinson (2001\u20132009).", "Q725825": "Nicola Romeo (Italian pronunciation: [ni\u02c8k\u0254\u02d0la ro\u02c8m\u025b\u02d0o]; Sant'Antimo, 28 April 1876 \u2013 Magreglio, 15 August 1938) was an Italian engineer and entrepreneur. He served as a senator in the 18th Legislature of the Kingdom of Italy (XXVIII legislatura del Regno d'Italia) [1].", "Q607448": "Eddie Jones (December 10, 1926 \u2013 February 7, 1959), better known as Guitar Slim, was a New Orleans blues guitarist in the 1940s and 1950s, best known for the million-selling song \"The Things That I Used to Do\", produced by Johnny Vincent for Specialty Records. It is listed in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll. Slim had a major impact on rock and roll and experimented with distorted overtones on the electric guitar a full decade before Jimi Hendrix.", "Q9091": "Belarusian (; \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430 bie\u0142aruskaja mova [b\u02b2ela\u02c8ruskaja \u02c8mova]) is an East Slavic language spoken by Belarusians. It is the official language of Belarus, along with the Russian language. It is additionally spoken in parts of Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, and Ukraine by Belarusian minorities in those countries.\nBefore Belarus gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, the language was only known in English as Byelorussian or Belorussian, transliterating the Russian name, \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a belorusskiy yazyk, or alternatively as White Ruthenian () or White Russian. Following independence, it has acquired the additional name Belarusian.As one of the East Slavic languages, Belarusian shares many grammatical and lexical features with other members of the group. To some extent, Russian, Rusyn, Ukrainian, and Belarusian are all mutually intelligible, effectively forming a dialect continuum. Its predecessor stage is known as Ruthenian (14th to 17th centuries), in turn descended from Old East Slavic (10th to 13th centuries).\nIn the first Belarus Census of 1999, the Belarusian language was declared as a \"language spoken at home\" by about 3,686,000 Belarusian citizens (36.7% of the population). About 6,984,000 (85.6%) of Belarusians declared it their \"mother tongue\". Other sources, such as Ethnologue, put the figure at approximately 2.5 million active speakers.According to a study done by the Belarusian government in 2009, 72% of Belarusians speak Russian at home, while Belarusian is actively used by only 11.9% of Belarusians. Approximately 29.4% of Belarusians can write, speak, and read Belarusian, while 52.5% can only read and speak it.\nIn the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, the Belarusian language is stated to be vulnerable.", "Q158465": "Anatoly Timofeevich Fomenko (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0422\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e) (born 13 March 1945 in Stalino, USSR) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician, professor at Moscow State University, well known as a topologist, and a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is author of a pseudoscientific theory known as New Chronology, based on works of russian-soviet writer and freemason Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov. He is also a member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (1991).\n\n", "Q842243": "Franjo Hanaman (June 30, 1878 in Drenovci, Slavonia, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary \u2013 January 23, 1941 in Zagreb, Kingdom of Yugoslavia - Croatia today) was a Croatian inventor, engineer, and chemist, who gained world recognition for inventing the world's first applied electric light-bulb with a metal filament (tungsten) with his assistant Alexander Just, independently of his contemporaries. They were granted the Hungarian Patent #34541 on December 13, 1904 in Budapest. His invention of tungsten filament was also applied in improving early diodes and triodes.\n\nFranjo Hanaman was born to a Croatian family as a second child of father Gjuro Hanaman and Emilija Mandu\u0161i\u0107.", "Q461761": "The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (French: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster for both radio and television. The English- and French-language service units of the corporation are commonly known as CBC and Radio-Canada, respectively.\nAlthough some local stations in Canada predate the CBC's founding, CBC is the oldest existing broadcasting network in Canada. The CBC was established on November 2, 1936. The CBC operates four terrestrial radio networks: The English-Language CBC Radio One and CBC Music, and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Premi\u00e8re and Ici Musique. (International radio service Radio Canada International historically transmitted via shortwave radio, but since 2012 its content is only available as podcasts on its website.) The CBC also operates two terrestrial television networks, the English-Language CBC Television and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada T\u00e9l\u00e9, along with the satellite/cable networks CBC News Network, Ici RDI, Ici Explora, Documentary Channel (part ownership), and Ici ARTV. The CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names CBC North and Radio-Canada Nord. The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca, CBC Radio 3, CBC Music/ICI.mu and Ici.TOU.TV, and owns 20.2% of satellite radio broadcaster Sirius XM Canada, which carries several CBC-produced audio channels.\nCBC/Radio-Canada offers programming in English, French and eight aboriginal languages on its domestic radio service, and in five languages on its web-based international radio service, Radio Canada International (RCI). However, budget cuts in the early 2010s have contributed to the corporation reducing its service via the airwaves, discontinuing RCI's shortwave broadcasts as well as terrestrial television broadcasts in all communities served by network-owned rebroadcast transmitters, including communities not subject to Canada's over-the-air digital television transition.\nCBC's federal funding is supplemented by revenue from commercial advertising on its television broadcasts. The radio service employed commercials from its inception to 1974, but since its primary radio networks have been commercial-free. In 2013, CBC's secondary radio networks, CBC Music and Ici Musique, introduced limited advertising of up to four minutes an hour, but this was discontinued in 2016.\n\n", "Q118041": "Lore Berger (* 17 December 1921 in Basel; \u2020 14 August 1943) was a Swiss writer who committed suicide at the age of 21.", "Q485395": "Gothic rock (alternately called goth-rock or goth) is a style of rock music that emerged from post-punk in the late 1970s. The first post-punk bands which shifted towards dark music with gothic overtones include Siouxsie and the Banshees, Joy Division, Bauhaus, and the Cure.The genre itself was defined as a separate movement from post-punk. Gothic rock stood out due to its more dark sound, with minor or bass chords, reverbs, dark arrangements or dramatic and melancholic melodies, having inspirations in gothic literature allied with themes such as sadness, existentialism, nihilism, dark romanticism, tragedy, melancholy and morbidity. These themes are often approached in a poetic way. The sensibilities of the genre led the lyrics to represent the evil of the century and the romantic idealization of death and the supernatural imagination. Gothic rock then gave rise to a broader subculture that included clubs, fashion and publications in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s.", "Q138391": "Paterson is the largest city in and the county seat of Passaic County, New Jersey, United States.As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 146,199, rendering it New Jersey's third-most-populous city reflecting a decline of 3,023 (-2.0%) from the 149,222 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 8,331 (+5.9%) from the 140,891 counted in the 1990 Census. For 2018, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 145,647, a decrease of 0.4% from the 2010 enumeration, making the city the 180th-most-populous in the nation. Paterson has the second-highest density of any U.S. city with over 100,000 people, behind only New York City.Paterson is known as the \"Silk City\" for its dominant role in silk production during the latter half of the 19th century. It has since evolved into a major destination for Hispanic immigrants as well as for immigrants from Bangladesh , India, South Asia, and the Arab and Muslim world. Paterson has the second-largest Muslim population in the United States by percentage.", "Q265984": "Agnes Browne is a 1999 Irish romantic comedy-drama film directed, produced by, and starring Anjelica Huston, based on the book The Mammy by Brendan O'Carroll.\n\n", "Q185610": "William Adams (born William James Adams Jr.; March 15, 1975), known professionally as will.i.am (pronounced \u2018Will-I-am\u2019), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, DJ, actor and television personality. He is the founding and lead member of the hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas.\nAs a solo artist, will.i.am has released four solo albums, beginning with Lost Change, released in 2001 through Atlantic Records. His second solo outing, Must B 21, was released on September 23, 2003. The track \"Go!\" was regularly used as the theme for the NBA Live 2005 and Madden NFL 2005 seasons. The third album, Songs About Girls, was released on September 25, 2007. He released his fourth studio album, #willpower, in 2013.\nAs a music producer, will.i.am has produced music for other artists including Cheryl, Michael Jackson, Justin Bieber, Kesha, Britney Spears, Miley Cyrus, David Guetta, U2, Rihanna, Lady Gaga, Usher, Justin Timberlake, A. R. Rahman, Nicki Minaj, 2NE1, and Baby Kaely. In collaborations and with the Black Eyed Peas, he has a total of 41 top-40 entries on the UK Singles Chart since 1998, and has sold 9.4 million singles in the UK.In addition to his music career, will.i.am has also been a judge and mentor on the television talent show series The Voice UK (2012\u2013present), The Voice Australia (2014), and The Voice Kids (2017-present).", "Q73168": "Gustav von Seyffertitz (4 August 1862 \u2013 25 December 1943) was a German film actor and director. He settled in the United States. He was born in Haimhausen, Bavaria and died in Los Angeles, California, aged 81.", "Q101504": "Klaus-Peter Willsch (28 February 1961, Bad Schwalbach) is a German politician of the CDU party and member of the Bundestag, representing Rheingau-Taunus \u2013 Limburg.", "Q1740274": "Kevin Stephen Welch (August 17, 1955) is an American country music artist. He has charted five singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts and released eight studio albums. He is also one of the cofounders of the Dead Reckoning Records label, which he founded with fellow musicians Kieran Kane, Tammy Rogers, Mike Henderson, and Harry Stinson.", "Q193066": "Breakfast at Tiffany's is a 1961 American romantic comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and written by George Axelrod, loosely based on Truman Capote's 1958 novella of the same name. Starring Audrey Hepburn and George Peppard, and featuring Patricia Neal, Buddy Ebsen, Martin Balsam, and Mickey Rooney, the film was initially released on October 5, 1961, by Paramount Pictures.\nHepburn's portrayal of Holly Golightly as the na\u00efve, eccentric caf\u00e9 society girl is generally considered to be one of the actress's most memorable and identifiable roles. Hepburn regarded it as one of her most challenging roles, since she was an introvert required to play an extravert.Breakfast at Tiffany's was received positively at the time, and won two Academy Awards: Best Original Score and Best Original Song for \"Moon River\", which was also selected as the fourth most memorable song in Hollywood history by the American Film Institute in 2004. The film was also nominated for three other Academy Awards: Best Actress for Hepburn, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Art Direction.\nIn 2012, the film was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.", "Q357936": "Daniel Pearl (October 10, 1963 \u2013 February 1, 2002) was an American journalist for The Wall Street Journal. He was kidnapped and later beheaded by terrorists in Pakistan.\nPearl was working as the South Asia Bureau Chief of The Wall Street Journal, based in Mumbai, India. He was kidnapped when he went to Pakistan as part of an investigation into the alleged links between British citizen Richard Reid (known as the \"shoe bomber\") and Al-Qaeda. Pearl was killed by his captors.In July 2002, Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh, a British national of Pakistani origin, was sentenced to death by hanging for Pearl's abduction and murder. Sheikh's sentence was overturned by a Pakistani court on April 2, 2020. In March 2007, at a closed military hearing in Guant\u00e1namo Bay, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, a member of Al-Qaeda, claimed that he had personally beheaded Pearl. Researchers have also connected Al-Qaeda member Saif al-Adel with the kidnapping.The Daniel Pearl Foundation was formed in 2002, in memory of Pearl, to promote the ideals that inspired his life and work. The Foundation works domestically and internationally to promote cross-cultural dialogue and understanding, to counter cultural and religious intolerance, to cultivate responsible and balanced journalism and to inspire unity and friendship through music.", "Q72262": "Albert David Hedison Jr. (May 20, 1927 \u2013 July 18, 2019) was an American film, television, and stage actor. He was billed as Al Hedison in his early film work until 1959 when he was cast in the role of Victor Sebastian in the short-lived espionage television series Five Fingers. NBC insisted that he change his name and he proposed his middle name and he was billed as David Hedison from then on. He was known for his role as Captain Lee Crane in Irwin Allen's television series Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1964\u20131968) and as CIA agent Felix Leiter in two James Bond films, Live and Let Die (1973) and Licence to Kill (1989).", "Q1113311": "Peshawar (Pashto: \u067e\u06d0\u069a\u0648\u0631\u200e P\u0113x\u030cawar [pe\u02c8\u00e7awar] (listen); Hindko: \u067e\u0634\u0648\u0631\u200e; [p\u026a\u02c8\u0283\u0254\u02d0\u027e] (listen); Urdu: \u067e\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u200e [pe\u02d0\u02c8\u0283a\u02d0\u028b\u0259r] (listen)) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and its largest city.It is the sixth-largest in Pakistan. Peshawar is also the largest Pashtun-majority city in Pakistan and is bilingual in Pashto and Hindko. Situated in the broad Valley of Peshawar near the eastern end of the historic Khyber Pass, close to the border with Afghanistan, Peshawar's recorded history dates back to at least 539 BCE, making it the oldest city in Pakistan and one of the oldest cities in South Asia. As the center of the ancient Gandhara region, Peshawar served as the capital of the Kushan Empire; and was home to the Kanishka stupa. Peshawar was then sacked by the White Huns, before the arrival of Muslim empires. The city was an important trading centre during the Mughal era before serving as the winter capital of the Afghan Durrani Empire from 1757 until the city was captured by the Sikh Empire in 1818, who were then followed by the British in 1849.", "Q1680044": "James Blyth, Baron Blyth of Rowington (born 8 May 1940) is a British businessman.\nThe son of Daniel Blyth and Jane Power Carlton was educated in Speir's school and the University of Glasgow, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and a Master of Arts in history in 1963.\nBlyth worked for Mobil Oil from 1963 to 1969, for General Foods from 1969 to 1971 and for Mars Foods from 1971 to 1974. Between 1974 and 1977, he was general manager of Lucas Batteries and between 1977 and 1981 general manager of Lucas Aerospace. He was also director of the Imperial Group from 1984 to 1986, managing director of Plessey Electronic Systems in 1985 and 1986, and managing director of the Plessey Company in 1986 and 1987. Blyth was a director of Cadbury-Schweppes between 1986 and 1990, of British Aerospace between 1990 and 1994, and of NatWest between 1998 and 2000.\nIn 1981, Blyth became head of defence sales for the Ministry of Defence, a post he held until 1985, when he was knighted. From 1987 to 1996, he was a chairman of the London Business School (LBS), and to 1998 director and chief executive of The Boots Company. On 24 July 1995, he was created a life peer as Baron Blyth of Rowington, of Rowington in the County of Warwickshire. He sat as a Conservative in the House of Lords until his retirement on 1 January 2018.Blyth received an Honorary Doctor of Law from the University of Nottingham in 1992. He is a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society, appointed in 1994, and a Fellow of the London Business School, appointed in 1998.\nLord Blyth of Rowington has been married to Pamela Anne Campbell-Dixon since 1967; they have one daughter and one deceased son.\nHe was chairman of Diageo, parent company of the Popov and Smirnoff brands of vodka, as well as Guinness malt beverages, until June 2008. He was succeeded by Franz Humer.", "Q194709": "Benjamin Nicolas Marie Appert (September 10, 1797 \u2013 1847) was a French philanthropist, not to be confused with Nicolas Appert.", "Q504853": "Remiremont (German: Romberg) is a town and commune in the Vosges department of northeastern France, situated in southern Grand Est. The town has been an abbatial centre since the 7th century, is an economic crossroads of the Moselle and Moselotte valleys, and is also a stepping stone for tourists wishing to explore the Vosges and neighbouring Alsace. Remiremont has got a police station, which covers the city and his suburban area. The fire station realizes more than 2000 interventions per year. Remiremont is also known as the La Belle des Vosges.\nIts inhabitants are known as Romarimontains.", "Q492825": "Daily NK is an online newspaper focusing on issues relating to North Korea. The site is based in South Korea where it reports stories allegedly obtained from inside North Korea via a network of informants.Daily NK is a recipient of funding from multiple institutions and private donors, including the National Endowment for Democracy, an NGO run by Carl Gershman and funded by the U.S. Congress. Daily NK's president is Lee Kwang-baek.", "Q129288": "Renaissance Man is a 1994 American comedy film directed by Penny Marshall, and stars Danny DeVito, Gregory Hines, James Remar and Cliff Robertson. In Australia, the film is known under the title of Army Intelligence.", "Q213806": "Walter Abish (born December 24, 1931) is an Austrian-American author of experimental novels and short stories. He was awarded an MacArthur Fellowship in 1987.", "Q192378": "Champigny-sur-Marne (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0283\u0251\u0303pi\u0272i]) is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 12.5 km (7.8 mi) from the centre of Paris.", "Q64400": "G\u00fcnter Kunert (6 March 1929 \u2013 21 September 2019) was a German writer. Based in East Berlin, he published poetry from 1947, supported by Bertold Brecht. When he signed a petition against the deprivation of the citizenship of Wolf Biermann in 1976, he lost his SED membership, and moved to the West two years later. He is regarded as a versatile German writer who wrote short stories, essays, autobiographical works, film scripts and novels. He received international honorary doctorates and awards.", "Q3922861": "Projekt is a Portland, Oregon-based independent record label that specializes in darkwave, ambient, and shoegaze, started by Sam Rosenthal in 1983. Projekt is also known for releases in the gothic rock, ethereal, dream-pop, and dark cabaret genres.\nProminent Projekt artists include Sam Rosenthal's own Black Tape for a Blue Girl, Steve Roach, Voltaire, Erik W\u00f8llo, Unto Ashes, Weep (Doc Hammer, co-writer of the Adult Swim show The Venture Bros.) Mira, and Android Lust.\nBased over the years in South Florida, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Brooklyn, Projekt is now located in Portland. Projekt released 305 titles as of summer 2014, with an additional 25 physical CDs on the Projekt: Archive (formerly Relic) sub-label. Archive also is the home to an additional 85 digital-only titles.\nSam Rosenthal runs Projekt as an independent record label, privately owned and managed by Rosenthal. After many years of struggling with self-distribution, in 1997, Projekt secured exclusive distribution in The US with Ryko Distribution. Distribution was handled through Ryko and ADA (Alternative Distribution Alliance) throughout most of the 2000s and, as of 2012, is handled by E1 Entertainment Distribution. Digital Distribution is through E1 Entertainment Distribution.\nThe label has had many employees over the years who assisted Sam with his vision. Shea Hovey is the current assistant who handles the press contacts as well as the mail-order; she has been with the label since 2000. Other employees of note were Charles Clutter, Padraic Ogle (Thanatos / Precipice Records) and Sam's ex-wife Lisa Feuer. Briefly, Sam Fogarino of Interpol worked at Projekt for a few months in the late-1990s, although Sam has often commented, \"I never really knew what he did.\" Constantine Maroulis, of American Idol fame, worked one afternoon (approx 2004), preparing catalogs. Rosenthal runs an e-mail list with regular updates and personal commentary, often about the state of the record industry.", "Q274645": "Diana Norman (25 August 1933 \u2013 27 January 2011) was a British author and journalist. She is best known for her historical crime fiction.\n\n", "Q910505": "Tmutarakan (Russian: \u0422\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0301\u043d\u044c, IPA: [tm\u028at\u0259r\u0250\u02c8kan\u02b2]) was a medieval Kievan Rus' principality and trading town that controlled the Cimmerian Bosporus, the passage from the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov, between the late 10th and 11th centuries. Its site was the ancient Greek colony of Hermonassa (Ancient Greek: \u1f19\u03c1\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1) founded in the mid 6th century BCE, by Mytilene (Lesbos), situated on the Taman peninsula, in the present-day Krasnodar Krai of Russia, roughly opposite Kerch. The Khazar fortress of Tamantarkhan (from which the Byzantine name for the city, Tamatarcha, is derived) was built on the site in the 7th century, and became known as Tmutarakan when it came under Kievan Rus control.", "Q165096": "Princess M\u00e4rtha Louise of Norway (born 22 September 1971) is a Norwegian self-described clairvoyant and the only daughter and elder child of King Harald V and Queen Sonja. She was married to the late writer and visual artist Ari Behn from 2002 to 2017.\nShe is fourth in the line of succession to the Norwegian throne, after her brother Haakon, and his children, but is not a member of the royal house. Like her aunts Ragnhild and Astrid, she had no inheritance rights to the Norwegian throne at the time of her birth due to Norway's agnatic primogeniture succession. This only changed in 1990, when the Norwegian parliament adopted male-preference primogeniture succession for those born before 1990, which made her third in line at the time, after her younger brother. She was however 30th in the line of succession to the British throne already at the time of her birth.She is active as a full-time private businesswoman and alternative therapist, with few official public engagements. From 2007 to 2018 she led her own alternative therapy center, commonly known in Norway as the \"angel school\" (Norwegian: engleskolen), which provided training in clairvoyance and communication with angels and communication with the dead. In May 2019 she publicly announced her romantic relationship and professional collaboration with Durek Verrett, a self-described American shaman.As part of her withdrawal into private professional life she lost the style \"Royal Highness\" in 2002, and she holds no style in Norway; the lower style \"Highness\" is occasionally used informally abroad, but does not officially exist and is not used in Norway. She has often faced criticism in Norway for her claims of being clairvoyant and for exploiting her constitutional title as princess commercially; in 2019 the royal court announced that she will no longer use the title princess in her business activities as a clairvoyant.", "Q36420": "Shanghai Pudong International Airport (IATA: PVG, ICAO: ZSPD) is one of the two international airports in Shanghai and a major aviation hub of East Asia. Pudong Airport mainly serves international flights, while the city's other major airport Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport mainly serves domestic and regional flights in East Asia. Located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of the city center, Pudong Airport occupies a 40-square-kilometre (10,000-acre) site adjacent to the coastline in eastern Pudong. The airport is operated by Shanghai Airport Authority (Chinese: \u4e0a\u6d77\u673a\u573a\u96c6\u56e2\u516c\u53f8, SSE: 600009).\nThe airport is the main hub for China Eastern Airlines and Shanghai Airlines, and a major international hub for Air China, as well as secondary hub for China Southern Airlines. It is also the hub for privately owned Juneyao Airlines and Spring Airlines, and an Asia-Pacific cargo hub for FedEx, UPS and DHL. The DHL hub, opened in July 2012, is reportedly the largest express hub in Asia.Pudong Airport has two main passenger terminals, flanked on both sides by four operational parallel runways. A third passenger terminal has been planned since 2015, in addition to a satellite terminal and two additional runways, which will raise its annual capacity from 60 million passengers to 80 million, along with the ability to handle six million tons of freight.Pudong Airport is a fast-growing hub for both passenger and cargo traffic. With 3,703,431 metric tons handled in 2017, the airport is the world's third-busiest airport by cargo traffic. Pudong Airport also served a total of 74,006,331 passengers in 2018, making it the third-busiest airport in China after Beijing Capital and Hong Kong Airport, fifth-busiest in Asia, and the eighth-busiest in the world. It is also the busiest international gateway of mainland China, with 35.25 million international passengers. By the end of 2016, Pudong Airport hosted 104 airlines serving more than 210 destinations.Shanghai Pudong is the busiest international hub in China, and about half of its total passenger traffic is international. Pudong Airport is connected to Shanghai Hongqiao Airport by Shanghai Metro Line 2 and the Shanghai Maglev Train via Pudong International Airport Station. There are also airport buses connecting it with the rest of the city.\n\n", "Q4201615": "Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, INION RAN (Russian: \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0420\u0410\u041d, \u0418\u041d\u0418\u041e\u041d) is a major center for research in social studies and humanities. The research center was created in 1969 as a successor to the Russian Academy's Fundamental Library of Social Sciences, which was established in 1918.", "Q229556": "Patricia Campbell Hearst (born February 20, 1954) is an American author and actress, and a granddaughter of American publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst. She became internationally known for events following her 1974 kidnapping by the left-wing terrorist Symbionese Liberation Army. She was found 19 months after being abducted, by which time she was a fugitive wanted for serious crimes committed with members of the group. She was held in custody, and there was speculation before trial that her family's resources would enable her to avoid time in jail.\nAt her trial, the prosecution suggested that Hearst had joined the Symbionese Liberation Army of her own volition. However, she testified that she had been raped and threatened with death while held captive. In 1976, she was convicted for the crime of bank robbery and sentenced to 35 years in prison, later reduced to 7 years. Her sentence was commuted by President Jimmy Carter, and she was pardoned by President Bill Clinton.\n\n", "Q84292": "Richard Edler von Mises (German: [f\u0254n \u02c8mi\u02d0z\u0259s]; 19 April 1883 \u2013 14 July 1953) was an Austrian scientist and mathematician who worked on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, aeronautics, statistics and probability theory. He held the position of Gordon McKay Professor of Aerodynamics and Applied Mathematics at Harvard University. He described his work in his own words shortly before his death as being on\n\n\"... practical analysis, integral and differential equations, mechanics, hydrodynamics and aerodynamics, constructive geometry, probability calculus, statistics and philosophy.\"Although best known for his mathematical work, Mises also contributed to the philosophy of science as a neo-positivist, following the line of Ernst Mach. Historians of the Vienna Circle of logical empiricism recognize a \"first phase\" from 1907 through 1914 with Philipp Frank, Hans Hahn, and Otto Neurath. His older brother, Ludwig von Mises, held an opposite point of view with respect to positivism and epistemology.During his time in Istanbul, Mises maintained close contact with Philipp Frank, a logical positivist and Professor of Physics in Prague until 1938. His literary interests included the Austrian novelist Robert Musil and the poet Rainer Maria Rilke, on whom he became a recognized expert.\n\n", "Q67109": "Agno is a historic town and a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nThe official language of Agno is Italian.", "Q207873": "Mary Elizabeth Winstead (born November 28, 1984) is an American actress and singer. Her first significant role came as Jessica Bennett on the NBC soap opera Passions (1999\u20132000) and she went on to appear in TV series such as Tru Calling (2004) and films including the superhero film Sky High (2005). She came to wider attention as a Scream Queen for her roles in the horror series Wolf Lake (2001\u20132002), the giant monster film Monster Island (2004), the supernatural horror film Final Destination 3 (2006), the slasher film Black Christmas (2006) and the exploitation horror film Death Proof (2007).\nFurther success came with her roles as John McClane's daughter Lucy Gennero-McClane in Live Free or Die Hard (2007) and Ramona Flowers in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010). Her critically acclaimed-performance as an alcoholic struggling with sobriety in the Sundance drama Smashed (2012) was followed by a series of roles in other well-received independent films, including The Beauty Inside (2012), The Spectacular Now (2013), Faults (2014), Alex of Venice (2014) and Swiss Army Man (2016). Winstead continued her Scream Queen roles in the body horror film The Thing (2011), as Mary Todd Lincoln in the fantasy horror film Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter (2012) and in the psychological horror thriller film 10 Cloverfield Lane (2016).\nShe reprised her role as Lucy Gennero-McClane in A Good Day to Die Hard (2013) and returned to television with roles in the supernatural drama series The Returned (2015), the political satire/science fiction comedy series BrainDead (2016), the period medical drama series Mercy Street (2016\u201317) and the black comedy/crime drama anthology series Fargo (2017). Her recent roles include the comedy drama All About Nina (2018), the action thriller Gemini Man (2019) and as the Huntress in Birds of Prey (2020).\nSince 2013, Winstead has performed as half of the music duo Got a Girl, with Dan the Automator.", "Q175285": "Jakub Arbes (12 June 1840, Prague (Sm\u00edchov) \u2013 8 April 1914) was a Czech writer and intellectual. He is best known as the creator of the literary genre called romanetto and spent much of his professional life in France.\n\n", "Q94081": "Bob Hope KBE, KC*SG, KSS (born Leslie Townes Hope; May 29, 1903 \u2013 July 27, 2003) was a British-American stand-up comedian, vaudevillian, actor, singer, dancer, athlete, and author. With a career that spanned nearly 80 years, Hope appeared in more than 70 short and feature films, with 54 feature films with Hope as star, including a series of seven \"Road\" musical comedy movies with Bing Crosby as Hope's top-billed partner.\nIn addition to hosting the Academy Awards show 19 times, more than any other host, he appeared in many stage productions and television roles, and was the author of 14 books. The song \"Thanks for the Memory\" was his signature tune. Hope was born in the Eltham district of southeast London, UK, arrived in the United States of America with his family at the age of four, and grew up in the Cleveland, Ohio, area.\nAfter a brief career as a boxer in the late 1910s, he began his career in show business in the early 1920s, initially as a comedian and dancer on the vaudeville circuit, before acting on Broadway. Hope began appearing on radio and in films starting in 1934. He was praised for his comedic timing, specializing in one-liners and rapid-fire delivery of jokes which often were self-deprecating. He helped establish modern American stand-up comedy.Celebrated for his long career performing in United Service Organizations (USO) shows to entertain active duty American military personnel, making 57 tours for the USO between 1941 and 1991, Hope was declared an honorary veteran of the U.S. Armed Forces in 1997 by an act of the United States Congress. He appeared in numerous specials for NBC television starting in 1950, and was one of the first users of cue cards.\nHope participated in the sports of golf and boxing and owned a small stake in his hometown baseball team, the Cleveland Indians. Hope retired in 1997, and died at the age of 100 in 2003, at his home in the Toluca Lake neighborhood of Los Angeles.", "Q1147998": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Ruiz\u2013Mateos y Jim\u00e9nez de Tejada (11 April 1931 \u2013 7 September 2015) was a Spanish businessman and politician.\nHe began by exporting wine to England. He founded the conglomerate Rumasa and had considerable influence in Spanish society. In 1983, the government of Spain (the Socialist Party was in office at the time and led by Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez) expropriated the company. The government alleged that Rumasa had failed to pay millions of pesetas in mandatory taxes to the national treasury. The government also claimed that Rumasa was in virtual bankruptcy and that it was still afloat thanks solely to imaginative accounting by the auditing department of the company. Ruiz Mateos disagreed with this assessment. He sued the government for compensation, but has yet to win in court.\nHe was imprisoned on charges of currency smuggling, fraud and tax evasion.After several years in jail, he went back into public life, became the owner of the Rayo Vallecano football (soccer) team in 1991, and formed his own political party, as part of which he was elected to the European Parliament in 1989. He also founded a new holding company, New Rumasa, with 16,000 employees. There have been multiple and various court rulings on the Rumasa case both in Spain and outside Spain; the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court have both spoken on numerous judgments. Ru\u00edz Mateos was acquitted in 1999 by the Spanish Supreme Court.He was a well-known member of Opus Dei, though he was expelled from the group in 1986.Ru\u00edz Mateos was the father of 13 sons and daughters.On 17 February 2011 the ten largest companies within the Nueva Rumasa group were declared in default and unable to make payments to their creditors after the Spanish Social Security, Royal Bank of Scotland and others requested that liens be placed on the companies' assets, nearly twenty-eight years to the day on which his original holding company, Rumasa, was expropriated by the Spanish government.", "Q593291": "Geralyn Lucas (born 1967), is an American journalist, television producer, writer and public speaker for breast cancer awareness.", "Q76004": "Robert Hartig (born: Heinrich Julius Adolph Robert Hartig, 30 May 1839, in Braunschweig \u2013 died 9 October 1901, in Munich) was a German forestry scientist and mycologist.", "Q3416195": "Rachid Nekkaz (Arabic: \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0643\u0627\u0632\u200e, Rash\u012bd Nakk\u0101z); born 9 January 1972, is an Algerian businessman and political activist.", "Q487596": "A dramaturge or dramaturg is a literary adviser or editor in a theatre, opera, or film company who researches, selects, adapts, edits, and interprets scripts, libretti, texts, and printed programmes (or helps others with these tasks), consults authors, and does public relations work. Its modern-day function was originated by the innovations of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, an 18th-century German playwright, philosopher, and theatre theorist.", "Q66217": "August Thalheimer (18 March 1884 \u2013 19 September 1948) was a German Marxist activist and theorist.", "Q276734": "Matador is a 1986 black comedy-drama thriller film by Spanish director Pedro Almod\u00f3var about a student matador, \u00c1ngel Jim\u00e9nez (Antonio Banderas), who confesses to murders he did not commit. Themes include sex, death, and religion.", "Q92396": "Hadayatullah H\u00fcbsch (January 8, 1946 in Chemnitz \u2013 January 4, 2011; born as Paul-Gerhard H\u00fcbsch) was a German author, journalist, poet, political activist of the 68s movement and, following his conversion to Ahmadiyya Islam, long-time spokesman of the Ahmadi Community in Germany. He also served as an Imam of the Noor Mosque in Frankfurt. From 1991 to 1998 he was chairman of the Association of German Writers (VdS) in Hesse and in his last years he worked as a writer in Frankfurt.", "Q57974": "Frederick Francis III (19 March 1851 \u2013 10 April 1897) was the penultimate Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.", "Q69642": "Erstfeld is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.", "Q23308275": "Ku\u2019damm 56 is a German television trilogy about the 50s youth generation in the period between the end of World War II and the German Wirtschaftswunder. It tells the story of a conservative mother and her three daughters of marriageable age. The setting is the family-owned dance school. The trilogy deals with prudish morality, the first sexual experiences of the young women, and the desire for values, underscored by the association with Nazi Germany of the mother and many of her contemporaries.It first aired on ZDF on March 20, 21, and 23, 2016. In 2018, it was followed by a sequel mini-series, Ku'damm 59.", "Q220572": "Zoran Thaler (born (1962-01-21) 21 January 1962) is a Slovenian politician and businessman. He is a former Slovenian foreign minister and a former member of the European Parliament.", "Q82185": "La Rochelle (; French: [la \u0281\u0254\u0283\u025bl]) is a city in western France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the capital of the Charente-Maritime department.\nThe city is connected to the \u00cele de R\u00e9 by a 2.9-kilometre (1.8-mile) bridge completed on 19 May 1988. Its harbour opens into a protected strait, the Pertuis d'Antioche.\n\n", "Q324066": "Amalia \"Emilie\" Wilhelmina K\u00f6nigsmarck (20 August 1663 \u2013 30 January 1740) was a Swedish noble, known as a dilettante artist (painter), amateur actor, and poet.\n\n", "Q60100": "Roland Emmerich (German: [\u02c8\u0281o\u02d0lant \u02c8\u025bm\u0259\u0281\u026a\u00e7]; born 10 November 1955) is a German film director, screenwriter, and producer, widely known for his disaster films. His films, most of which are English-language Hollywood productions, have made more than $3 billion worldwide, including just over $1 billion in the United States, making him the country's 11th-highest-grossing director of all time. He began his work in the film industry by directing the film The Noah's Ark Principle (1984) as part of his university thesis and also co-founded Centropolis Entertainment in 1985 with his sister. He is a collector of art and an active campaigner for the LGBT community, and is openly gay.", "Q3156752": "James E. Freeman (February 2, 1946 \u2013 August 9, 2014) was an American actor.\nHe was often cast in menacing roles, such as the evil mobster Marcello Santos in David Lynch's Wild at Heart (1990), the ferocious henchman Eddie Dane in Miller's Crossing (1990), and the scientist Mason Wren in Alien Resurrection (1997).", "Q1379164": "Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf ash-Shami al-Asadi (Arabic: \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u200e, Ottoman Turkish: \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u200e) was an Ottoman polymath active in Cairo and Istanbul. He was the author of more than ninety books on a wide variety of subjects, including astronomy, clocks, engineering, mathematics, mechanics, optics and natural philosophy.\nIn 1574 the Ottoman Sultan Murad III invited Taq\u012b ad-D\u012bn to build the Constantinople observatory. Using his exceptional knowledge in the mechanical arts, Taq\u012b ad-D\u012bn constructed instruments like huge armillary and mechanical clocks that he used in his observations of the Great Comet of 1577. He also used European celestial and terrestrial globes that were delivered to Istanbul in gift-exchange. The major work that resulted from his work in the observatory is titled \"The tree of ultimate knowledge [in the end of time or the world] in the Kingdom of the Revolving Spheres: The astronomical tables of the King of Kings [Mur\u0101d III]\" (Sidrat al-muntah al-afkar fi malk\u016bt al-falak al-daw\u0101r\u2013 al-zij al-Sh\u0101hinsh\u0101hi). The work was prepared according to the results of the observations carried out in Egypt and Istanbul in order to correct and complete Ulugh Beg\u2019s Zij as-Sultani. The first 40 pages of the work deal with calculations, followed by discussions of astronomical clocks, heavenly circles, and information about three eclipses which he observed at Cairo and Istanbul. For corroborating data of other observations of eclipses in other locales like Daud ar-Riyyadi (David the Mathematician), David Ben-Shushan of Salonika.\nAs a polymath, Taq\u012b al-D\u012bn wrote numerous books on astronomy, mathematics, mechanics, and theology. His method of finding coordinates of stars were reportedly so precise that he got better measurements than his contemporaries, Tycho Brahe and Nicolas Copernicus. Brahe is also thought to have been aware of al-D\u012bn's work.\nTaq\u012b Ad-D\u012bn also described a steam turbine with the practical application of rotating a spit in 1551. He worked on and created astronomical clocks for his observatory. Taq\u012b Ad-D\u012bn also wrote a book on optics, in which he determined the light emitted from objects, proved the Law of Reflection observationally, and worked on refraction.\n\n", "Q85832": "Milo Dor (7 March 1923 - December 2005) was a Serbian Austrian writer and translator. He described himself as \"an Austrian, Viennese, and European of Serbian heritage.\"", "Q229230": "Evan Rachel Wood (born September 7, 1987) is an American actress, model and musician. She is the recipient of a Critics' Choice Television Award as well as three Primetime Emmy Award nominations and three Golden Globe Award nominations for her work in film and television.\nWood began acting in the 1990s, appearing in several television series, including American Gothic (1995\u201396) and Once and Again (1999\u20132002). Wood made her debut as a leading film actress at the age of nine in Digging to China (1997) and garnered acclaim for her Golden Globe-nominated role as the troubled teenager Tracy Freeland in the teen drama film Thirteen (2003). She continued acting mostly in independent films, including Pretty Persuasion (2005), Down in the Valley (2005), Running with Scissors (2006) and in the big studio production Across the Universe (2007).\nSince 2008, Wood has appeared in more mainstream films, including The Wrestler (2008), Whatever Works (2009) and The Ides of March (2011). She also returned to television the following year, recurring as a vampire named Sophie-Anne Leclerq on True Blood from 2009 to 2011. She also portrayed the daughter of Mildred Pierce in the HBO miniseries Mildred Pierce (2011), for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe and Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She currently stars as sapient android Dolores Abernathy in the HBO series Westworld (2016\u2013present), for which she won a Critics' Choice Award and earned Golden Globe and Emmy Award nominations. Wood also voiced Queen Iduna in the Disney animated fantasy film Frozen II (2019).", "Q70313": "Sant'Antonio is a former municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It includes the hamlet of Carena.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.", "Q189758": "Marvin Gaye (born Marvin Pentz Gay Jr.; April 2, 1939 \u2013 April 1, 1984) was an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He helped to shape the sound of Motown in the 1960s, first as an in-house session player and later as a solo artist with a string of hits, earning him the nicknames \"Prince of Motown\" and \"Prince of Soul\".\nGaye's Motown hits include \"Ain't That Peculiar\", \"How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You)\", and \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\"; he also recorded duets with Mary Wells, Kim Weston, Diana Ross, and Tammi Terrell. During the 1970s, he recorded the albums What's Going On and Let's Get It On and became one of the first artists in Motown to break away from the reins of a production company. His later recordings influenced several contemporary R&B subgenres, such as quiet storm and neo soul. He was a tax exile in Europe in the early 1980s, then he released the 1982 hit \"Sexual Healing\" which won him his first two Grammy Awards on the album Midnight Love. Gaye's last televised appearances were at the 1983 NBA All-Star Game, where he sang \"The Star-Spangled Banner\"; Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever; and Soul Train.On April 1, 1984, the day before his 45th birthday, Gaye was fatally shot by his father Marvin Gay Sr. at their house in the West Adams district of Los Angeles. Many institutions have posthumously bestowed Gaye with awards and other honors including the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and inductions into the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame, the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Q16096": "Vechta (German pronunciation: [\u02c8f\u025b\u00e7ta]) with a population of nearly 32,000 is the biggest city and also the capital of the Vechta district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is home to the University of Vechta.\nIt is known for the 'Stoppelmarkt' fair, which takes place every summer and has a history dating back to 1298. With an attendance of 800,000 visitors it is one of the biggest annual fairs in north-western Germany.The town was in the recent past known as a centre of far northern German Catholicism.", "Q126805": "St. Catharines is the largest city in Canada's Niagara Region and the sixth largest urban area in Ontario, with 96.13 square kilometres (37.1 sq mi) of land and 133,113 residents in 2016. It lies in Southern Ontario, 51 kilometres (32 mi) south of Toronto across Lake Ontario, and is 19 kilometres (12 mi) inland from the international boundary with the United States along the Niagara River. It is the northern entrance of the Welland Canal. Residents of St. Catharines are known as St. Cathariners. St. Catharines carries the official nickname \"The Garden City\" due to its 1,000 acres (4 km2) of parks, gardens, and trails.\nSt. Catharines is between the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) and the Canada\u2013U.S. border at Fort Erie. Manufacturing is the city's dominant industry, as noted by the heraldic motto, \"Industry and Liberality\". General Motors of Canada, Ltd., the Canadian subsidiary of General Motors, was the city's largest employer, a distinction now held by the District School Board of Niagara. THK Rhythm Automotive, formerly TRW, operates a plant in the city, though in recent years employment there has shifted from heavy industry and manufacturing to services.\nSt. Catharines lies on one of the main telecommunications backbones between Canada and the United States, and as a result a number of call centres operate in the city. It is designated an Urban Growth Centre by the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe, intended to achieve a minimum density target of 150 jobs and residents combined per hectare by 2032 or earlier.", "Q1077697": "Chris Reifert (born February 23, 1968) is an American death metal musician, and one of the pioneers of the death/doom genre. Although his music is more death metal than doom metal, he is one of the first musicians that blended the two styles. He played drums on the Death debut album, Scream Bloody Gore. Since he parted ways with Chuck Schuldiner in 1987 after Schuldiner moved back to Florida, Reifert decided to stay in the San Francisco Bay Area, and in 1987 he formed his own band, Autopsy. In this band, he played not only drums but handled the vocals as well. After several albums, Autopsy split up in 1995 and Reifert and bandmate Danny Coralles began playing in their side-project, Abscess, full-time. After Abscess dissolved in 2010, Autopsy reformed and is currently planning to tour and record new material.Chris Reifert is also known for his many side-projects, including the Ravenous, Doomed, Eat My Fuk, and Violation Wound. He has also performed guest vocals on Machetazo's Sinfonias del Terror Ciego and the Autopsy-inspired Murder Squad's Ravenous, Murderous, with further guest appearances for Immortal Fate, Nuclear Death, and \"Cathedral of the Damned\" on Cathedral's final album, The Last Spire. He is also known for his album cover art. His interviews are noted for his sharp wit and off-the-wall humor.", "Q1819042": "Leonard Steinberg, Baron Steinberg (1 August 1936 \u2013 2 November 2009) was a British life peer and multi-millionaire businessman.Born in Belfast on 1 August 1936, he was educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution. Steinberg was the founder and Non-Executive chairman of Stanley Leisure. The business was founded in Belfast in 1958, but Steinberg moved to Liverpool in 1977 when he refused to pay protection money to either republican or loyalist paramilitaries, and after he was shot on 23 February 1977 by the Provisional Irish Republican Army. The Irish Times reported the next day that, \"The attacks are believed to be part a campaign against leading figures in the North\u2019s commercial life launched late last year by the Provisional IRA.\" Despite his move to England, he continued to describe himself thus: \"I am Jewish, Northern Irish, and an Ulster Unionist\"Since 2005, Stanley Leisure has seen changes of ownership, with William Hill buying the bookmaking operations and the Genting Group buying the casino operation. Steinberg sold a large number of his shares in 2004, but retained 11.3% of the company's stake. His personal fortune was estimated as being some \u00a3108 million in 2005. He was also the founder and Chairman of Trustees of the Steinberg Family Charitable Trust.Steinberg, who then lived in Hale, was made a Conservative Party life peer on 23 June 2004 with the title Baron Steinberg, of Belfast in the County of Antrim, and had made contributions to the Conservative Party.The Northern Ireland Friends of Israel group was launched with Steinberg as president in March 2009. He spoke of \"the longstanding links which connect Northern Ireland and Israel\" at that launch.Steinberg died in London on 2 November 2009 while travelling to attend a sitting of the House of Lords. He is survived by his wife Beryl, two children and grandchildren.", "Q117400": "Ada Marra (born Addolorata Marra, March 10, 1973, Paudex, Switzerland) is a Swiss political figure and a member of the Swiss Socialist Party.", "Q90581": "Anatol Rosenfeld (28 August 1912 \u2013 11 December 1973) was a German-Brazilian philosopher and art critic. In 1937, as a Jew fleeing Nazism, Anatol Rosenfeld emigrated to Brazil and died there, in 1973.\nIn Brazil, Rosenfeld is a noted scholar for his work on Bertold Brecht and epic theater. He taught in the University of S\u00e3o Paulo from 1962 to his death.", "Q32120": "Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public, research-oriented university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg in the State of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees and Habilitation.\nThe university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). The university is named after the Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university itself is located in Halle, while the Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre (and hotel) for seminars as well as for academic and political conferences. Both Halle and Wittenberg are about one hour from Berlin via the Berlin\u2013Halle railway, which offers Intercity-Express (ICE) trains.", "Q14859": "Ansbach (; German pronunciation: [\u02c8ansbax] (listen)) is a city in the German state of Bavaria. It is the capital of the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Ansbach is 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Nuremberg and 90 miles (140 km) north of Munich, on the Fr\u00e4nkische Rezat (Rezat River), a tributary of the Main river. In 2004, its population was 40,723.\nDeveloped in the 8th century as a Benedictine monastery, it became the seat of the Hohenzollern family in 1331. In 1460, the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach lived here. The city has a castle known as Margrafen\u2013Schloss, built between 1704\u20131738. It was not badly damaged during the World Wars and hence retains its original historical baroque sheen. Ansbach is now home to a US military base and to the Ansbach University of Applied Sciences.\nThe city has connections via autobahn A6 and highways B13 and B14. Ansbach station is on the N\u00fcrnberg\u2013Crailsheim and Treuchtlingen\u2013W\u00fcrzburg railways and is the terminus of line S4 of the Nuremberg S-Bahn.", "Q107613": "Hieronymus Dungersheim or Dungersheym von Ochsenfart(1465, Ochsenfurt \u2013 1540) was a German Catholic theologian and controversialist (skeptic). A professor of the University of Leipzig, he was an early opponent of the Lutherans there.", "Q195371": "Mario Fortino Alfonso Moreno Reyes, known casually as Mario Moreno and professionally as Cantinflas (12 August 1911 \u2013 20 April 1993), was a Mexican film actor, producer, and screenwriter. He is considered to have been the most accomplished Mexican comedian and is celebrated throughout Latin America and in Spain. His humor, loaded with Mexican linguistic features of intonation, vocabulary, and syntax, is beloved in all the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America and in Spain and has given rise to a range of expressions including cantinflear, cantinflada, cantinflesco, and cantinflero.\nThough some of his films were translated into English and French, the word games so particular in Mexican Spanish were difficult to translate. He often portrayed impoverished farmers or a peasant of pelado origin. The character allowed Cantinflas to establish a long, successful film career that included a foray into Hollywood. Charlie Chaplin once commented that he was the best comedian alive, and Moreno has been referred to as the \"Charlie Chaplin of Mexico\". To audiences in most of the world, he is best remembered as co-starring with David Niven in the Academy Award winner for Best Picture film Around the World in 80 Days, for which Moreno won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.\nAs a pioneer of the cinema of Mexico, Moreno helped usher in its golden era. In addition to being a business leader, he also became involved in Mexico's tangled and often dangerous labor politics. His reputation as a spokesperson for the downtrodden gave his actions authenticity and became important in the early struggle against charrismo, the one-party government's practice of co-opting and controlling unions.Moreover, his character Cantinflas, whose identity became enmeshed with his own, was examined by media critics, philosophers, and linguists, who saw him variously as a danger to Mexican society, a bourgeois puppet, a verbal innovator, and a picaresque underdog.", "Q157024": "Tetovo (Macedonian: \u0422\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e, [\u02c8t\u025bt\u0254v\u0254] (listen); Albanian: Tetov\u00eb/Tetova; Turkish: Kalkandelen) is a city in the northwestern part of North Macedonia, built on the foothills of \u0160ar Mountain and divided by the Pena River. The municipality of Tetovo covers an area of 1,080 km2 (417 sq mi) at 468 meters (1,535 ft) above sea level, with a population of 52,915. The city of Tetovo is the seat of Tetovo Municipality.\nIn antiquity, Tetovo was a Greco-Roman fortress-town in eastern Illyria, called Oaeneon (\u039f\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd), in Latin Oaeneum, located on the pass between mount Scardos (now \u0160ar) and river Artatos (later called Oracha, now Pena), a tributary to river Axios (\u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2) in Greek, or Bardar in Slavic. This was a territory where the Illyrian tribe Penestae lived, and it included the fortress-towns Draudacum, Uskana, Divra and Styberra in northern Pelagonia.\nVarious archaeological findings suggest Tetovo was first inhabited thousands of years ago. Near Tetovo/Oaeneon, a Greek sword of the Mycenean era and a bronze statuette of the 6th c. BCE have been found, discerning a Greek presence since the 2nd mill. BCE.\nSubsequently, Oaeneon was ruled by many ethnic groups; the Illyrian Genthius of the Labeatae, by King Perseus of Macedonia, by the Romans, by the Byzantines, by the Slavs, by the Bulgarians, and it was invaded by the Avars.\nIn the 15th c. AD, Oaeneum came under Ottoman rule for about five centuries. Then, most of city's population converted to Islam and many Ottoman-style structures were built, such as the \u0160arena D\u017eamija and the Arabati Baba Te\u1e31e, which still stand as two of Macedonia's most significant landmarks of its Ottoman period. During this period, the town belonged to the Vilayet of Kosovo, became a firearm and cannon foundry, and was renamed Kalkandelen (meaning Shield Penetrator); as a result, the town attracted many workers (Albanians, Bulgarians, Serbs, and Roma) and grew to a city.\nFollowing the World Wars, Tetovo became a part of Yugoslavia and, later, the Republic of Macedonia.\nTetovo has historically been home to multiple ethnic groups, however, as the home of multiple ethnic Albanian political parties and a population in which Albanians form a majority, Tetovo has become the unofficial capital and centre of a predominantly ethnic Albanian region which extends in an arc from Tetovo to Struga. Over one-third of the city is inhabited by ethnic Macedonians. Tetovo historically had a large Turkish population, forming nearly one-quarter as recently as 1961, though it now makes up under 4% of the city.\nSouth East European University, North Macedonia's third largest university after Skopje and Bitola, is located in Tetovo. Tetovo is also home to the State University of Tetovo.", "Q330013": "New Public Cemetery (Hungarian: \u00daj k\u00f6ztemet\u0151 or R\u00e1koskereszt\u00fari s\u00edrkert) is the largest cemetery in Budapest and one of the largest in Europe with an area of about 2.07 km\u00b2 and 3 million burials since its opening in 1886. It is adjacent to the Kozma Street Cemetery; the largest Jewish cemetery in Hungary. Its main building, which was constructed in 1903, has a 26-meter-high bell tower. In addition to its rich vegetation and wide avenues, the cemetery is famous for plot 301, where the martyrs of the 1956 revolution were buried. Today, an enormous modern monument by Gy\u00f6rgy Jov\u00e1novics marks their graves.", "Q111071": "Wilhelm Heinrich von Grolman(n) (28 February 1781 \u2013 1 January 1856) was a German jurist, president of the Prussian Kammergericht (Court of Appeals), and Wirklicher Geheimer Rat (Real Privy Councilor).\nBorn in Berlin, Brandenburg, Grolman was the brother of the general Karl von Grolman. After studying law in G\u00f6ttingen and Halle, he became an Auskultator at the city court of Berlin in 1801, Referendar at the district or provincial court in 1802, and Assessor at Marienwerder in 1804. Grolman was appointed government councilor in 1806, councilor of the Berlin Kammergericht in 1808, and member of the Brandenburg Pupillenkollegium in 1810.\nWhen Prussia entered the Sixth Coalition in 1813, Grolman served as a Major and commanded a Brandenburg Landwehr battalion. He participated in the Battle of Hagelberg and the blockades of Magdeburg and Wesel. In July 1814 Grolman returned to his magistracy, but took command of his Landwehr battalion the following year during the Hundred Days. For his leadership at Fleurus and Wavre he was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class.\nGrolman returned to his legal career in 1816 and was named vice president of the Kleve Oberlandesgericht. In 1819 he participated in a Berlin ministry to reform the Prussian legislature, and, after its dissolution, was appointed vice president of the Oberlandesgericht of Magdeburg in 1821. Grolman became vice president of the Berlin Kammergericht in 1827, president of the Justruktionssenat in 1831 and the Oberappellationssenat in 1836, and a member of the privy council in 1840. He resigned in 1845.\nGrolman was awarded with the Order of the Red Eagle. His first marriage was to a daughter of the Berlin doctor Ernst Ludwig Heim. His descendants include General Helmuth von Grolman, the first Wehrbeauftragter des Deutschen Bundestages (Ombudsman for the Military) of West Germany.\nHis grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof II der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No. II of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church and New Church) in Berlin-Kreuzberg, south of Hallesches Tor.", "Q1239232": "Donald Alan \"Don\" King (born May 4, 1954, in Fremont, Nebraska) is an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and trumpeter. In the 1970s and 1980s, he recorded a total of four major label albums, and charted more than fifteen hit singles on the Billboard country music charts.", "Q65078": "Hedwig Courths-Mahler (pronounced [he:tvi\u00e7 kurts ma:l\u0259\u0281]), n\u00e9e Ernestine Friederike Elisabeth Mahler (February 18, 1867 in Nebra (Unstrut) \u2013 November 26, 1950 in Rottach-Egern, Bavaria) was a German writer of formula fiction romantic novels. She used the pseudonyms Relham, H. Brand, Gonda Haack, Rose Bernd.\nHedwig Courths-Mahler's novels generally follow a single pattern: socially disadvantaged characters overcome class differences through love. The lovers fight against all kinds of intrigues and are finally joined as a couple, gaining wealth and a high standing. Despite Courths-Mahler's old-fashioned perspective on male-female relationships and the unrelenting criticism of the clich\u00e9s in her oeuvre, her books still enjoy a broad, largely female, readership. To this day, her novels see regular reprints in dime novel format by the genre fiction publisher Bastei L\u00fcbbe, making her the most popular female German writer by number of sold copies. It is estimated that by the time of her death in 1950, 80 million copies of her works had been sold. Throughout the 1970s, five of her novels were adapted as telemovies, made by and shown on S\u00fcddeutscher Rundfunk. Only one of her novels, Die Perlenschnur (1927), has been translated into English as The String of Pearls (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1929).", "Q128828": "Logan Miller (born c.\u20091991/1992) is an American actor.\nMiller was born in Englewood, Colorado, and was raised in New Mexico, Minnesota, and Dallas, Texas. He lives in Santa Barbara, California. In 2009, he began starring as Tripp Campbell in the Disney XD sitcom I'm in the Band. He also played teenage Connor Mead, the younger version of Matthew McConaughey's character, in the 2009 film Ghosts of Girlfriends Past.", "Q663858": "Roy McCurdy (born November 28, 1936) is a jazz drummer.", "Q707460": "Andonis Michaelides (Greek: \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1\u03b7\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2; 24 July 1958 \u2013 4 January 2011), better known as Mick Karn, was an English-Cypriot musician and songwriter who rose to fame as the bassist for the art rock/new wave band Japan. His distinctive fretless bass sound and melodic playing style were a trademark of the band's sound.", "Q2065933": "Johannes Arie \"Hans\" Breukhoven (31 October 1946 \u2013 20 January 2017) was a Dutch businessman. He was the founder and president of Free Record Shop. He was the son of Adry Hermans, father of five children and ex-husband of Connie Breukhoven (also known by her stage name Vanessa). Business magazine Quote estimated Breukhoven's fortune in the Quote 500 at \u20ac93 million.\n\n", "Q540787": "Warren Girard Ellis (born 16 February 1968) is a British comic-book writer, novelist, and screenwriter. He is best known as the co-creator of several original comics series, including Transmetropolitan (1997\u20132002), Global Frequency (2002\u20132004), Red (2003\u20132004)\u2014adapted into the feature films Red (2010) and Red 2 (2013)\u2014Trees (2014\u2013present), and Injection (2015\u2013present). Ellis is the author of the novels Crooked Little Vein (2007) and Gun Machine (2013), and the novella Normal (2016).\nA prolific comic-book writer, he has written several Marvel series, including Astonishing X-Men, Thunderbolts, Moon Knight, and the \"Extremis\" story arc of Iron Man, which was the basis for the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Iron Man 3 (2013). Ellis created The Authority and Planetary for WildStorm, and wrote a run of Hellblazer for Vertigo, and James Bond for Dynamite Entertainment. Ellis wrote the video games Hostile Waters (2001), Cold Winter (2005), and Dead Space (2008). He also wrote the animated TV movie G.I. Joe: Resolute (2009).\nEllis is well known for sociocultural commentary, both through his online presence and through his writing, which covers transhumanist (most notably nanotechnology, cryonics, mind transfer, and human enhancement) and folkloric themes, often in combination with each other. He is a patron of Humanists UK, a charity focused on promoting humanism and advancing secularism. He is a resident of Southend-on-Sea, England.", "Q876864": "A contributing editor is a newspaper, magazine or online job title that varies in its responsibilities. Often, but not always, a contributing editor is a 'high-end' freelancer, consultant or expert who has proven ability and has readership draw. This contributing editor would regularly contribute articles to the publication but does not always edit articles. Here the title \"editor\" implies a certain level of prestige, rather than a more traditional editing role. In other instances, however, a contributing editor may oversee projects or specific aspects of a publication and have more regular editing duties. At smaller magazines, the title can imply a staff member with regular writing responsibility and some editorial duties. When a \"contributing editor\" is listed on the title page of a book, the term generally designates a person who has served as some kind of consultant in the book's preparation but who is not responsible for the book's final content.", "Q481871": "Amy Hempel (born December 14, 1951) is an American short story writer and journalist. She teaches creative writing at Stony Brook Southampton.", "Q11909": "Vadodara (Gujarati pronunciation: [\u028b\u0259\u02c8\u027dod\u0259\u027e\u0251\u02d0]; formerly known as Baroda) is a large city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of Vadodara District and is located on the banks of the Vishwamitri river, 141 kilometres (88 mi) from the state capital Gandhinagar. The railway line and NH 8 that connect Delhi and Mumbai pass through Vadodara. It is known as a Sanskari Nagari (city) of India.\nThe city is known for the Lakshmi Vilas Palace, the residence of Baroda State's Maratha royal family, the Gaekwads, of the Gaekwad Dynasty. It is also the home of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.", "Q4083686": "The Sultanate of Bengal (also known as the Bengal Sultanate; Bangalah (Persian: \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200e Bang\u0101lah, Bengali: \u09ac\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09be\u09b2\u09be/\u09ac\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09be\u09b2\u09be) and Shahi Bangalah (Persian: \u0634\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200e Sh\u0101h\u012b Bang\u0101lah, Bengali: \u09b6\u09be\u09b9\u09c0 \u09ac\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09b2\u09be)), was an empire based in Bengal for much of the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. It was the dominant power of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta. Its imperial capital was one of the world's largest cities. The Bengal Sultanate a circle of vassal states, including Odisha in the southwest, Arakan in the southeast, and Tripura in the east. In the early 16th-century, the Bengal Sultanate reached the peak of its territorial growth with control over Kamrup and Kamata in the northeast; and Jaunpur and Bihar in the west. It was reputed as a thriving trading nation and one of Asia's strongest states. Its decline began with an interregnum by the Suri Empire, followed by Mughal conquest and disintegration into petty kingdoms.\nThe Bengal Sultanate was a Sunni Muslim monarchy with Indo-Turkish, Arab, Habshi and Bengali Muslim elites. The pre-Islamic Bengali Hindu community continued to play an important role in government, the military, land ownership and the arts. While Bengali was the most widely spoken language, Persian was used as an official, diplomatic and commercial language. The cities of the Bengal Sultanate are termed as Mint Towns where the historical taka was minted. These cities were adorned with stately medieval buildings. In 1500, the royal capital of Gaur was the fifth-most populous city in the world. Other notable cities included the initial royal capital of Pandua, the river port of Sonargaon, the Mosque City of Bagerhat, and the seaports of Chittagong and Satgaon. The Bengal Sultanate was connected to states in Asia, Africa, the Indian Ocean, and Europe through maritime links and overland trade routes. The Bengal Sultanate was a major trading center on the coast of the Bay of Bengal. It attracted immigrants and traders from different parts of the world. Bengali ships and merchants traded across the region, including in Malacca, China, and the Maldives.\nThe Bengal Sultanate was described by contemporary European and Chinese visitors as a relatively prosperous kingdom. Due to the abundance of goods in Bengal, the region was described as the \"richest country to trade with\". The Bengal Sultanate left a strong architectural legacy. Buildings from the period show foreign influences merged into a distinct Bengali style. The Bengal Sultanate was also the largest and most prestigious authority among the independent medieval Muslim-ruled states in the history of Bengal.", "Q3752747": "Frederick Nymeyer (November 12, 1897 \u2013 February 18, 1981) was an industrialist from South Holland, Illinois, and a vocal advocate of early libertarianism and Austrian economics.\nNymeyer founded the Libertarian Press and was largely responsible for bringing the economic writings of Eugen von B\u00f6hm-Bawerk to the United States. A personal friend of Ludwig von Mises, Nymeyer was also an eager proponent of Austrian economics.\nHis writings evidence both a commitment to free market principles and a devotion to his Dutch Calvinist faith. His most thorough work, Minimal Religion, posits the incompatibility of socialist ethics with the Christian faith. In Social Action, Hundred Nineteen, he argued forcefully against the social gospel. Progressive Calvinism, later renamed First Principles in Morality and Economics, was a periodical authored by Nymeyer. Directed primarily at an audience of Dutch Reformed youth, the publication linked Christian principles to libertarian political theory.\nNymeyer's writings also touch on theological ideas. In the heated debate over Common Grace, Nymeyer sided against the official position of his denomination (Christian Reformed Church), accepting instead a position similar to that advocated by Herman Hoeksema and the Protestant Reformed Churches.", "Q238315": "Claire Denis (French: [d\u0259ni]; born 21 April 1946) is a French film director and writer. Her feature film Beau Travail (1999) has been called one of the greatest films of the 1990s. Other acclaimed works include Trouble Every Day (2001), 35 Shots of Rum (2008), and White Material (2009). \nHer work has dealt with themes of colonial and post-colonial West Africa, as well as issues in modern France, and continues to influence European cinematic identity.", "Q78767": "For the political scientist, see Ernst B. Haas and for Swiss rower see Ernst Haas (rower).Ernst Haas (March 2, 1921 \u2013 September 12, 1986) was an Austrian-American photojournalist and color photographer. During his 40-year career, Haas bridged the gap between photojournalism and the use of photography as a medium for expression and creativity. In addition to his coverage of events around the globe after World War II, Haas was an early innovator in color photography. His images were disseminated by magazines like Life and Vogue and, in 1962, were the subject of the first single-artist exhibition of color photography at New York's Museum of Modern Art. He served as president of the cooperative Magnum Photos, and his book The Creation (1971) was one of the most successful photography books ever, selling 350,000 copies.\n\n", "Q104332": "Richard van der Borght (born 18 January 1861 in Potsdam; died 18 April 1926 in Berlin) was a German academic economist and statistician.", "Q60128": "Alexander Alexandrovich Fadeyev (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432; 24 December [O.S. 11 December] 1901 \u2013 13 May 1956) was a Soviet writer, one of the co-founders of the Union of Soviet Writers and its chairman from 1946 to 1954.", "Q187985": "The Tibetan people (Tibetan: \u0f56\u0f7c\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b, Wylie: bod pa, THL: b\u00f6 pa; Chinese: \u85cf\u65cf) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Tibet, China. Their current population is estimated to be around 6.5 million. In addition to living in Tibet Autonomous Region, significant numbers of Tibetans live in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan as well as in India, Nepal, Bhutan and the western world.\nTibetans speak Tibetan languages, many varieties of which are mutually unintelligible, which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language group. The traditional or mythological, explanation of the Tibetan people's origin is that they are the descendants of the human Pha Trelgen Changchup Sempa and rock ogress Ma Drag Sinmo. It is thought that most of the Tibeto-Burman speakers in Southwest China, including Tibetans, are direct descendants from the ancient Qiang people.Most Tibetans practice Tibetan Buddhism, although some observe the indigenous Bon religion and there is a small Muslim minority. Tibetan Buddhism influences Tibetan art, drama and architecture, while the harsh geography of Tibet has produced an adaptive culture of Tibetan medicine and cuisine.", "Q76992": "J\u00fcrgen Stroop (born Josef Stroop, 26 September 1895 \u2013 6 March 1952) was a German SS commander during the Nazi era, who served as SS and Police Leader in occupied Poland. He led the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 and wrote the Stroop Report, a book-length account of the operation. Following the defeat of Germany, Stroop was prosecuted during the Dachau Trials and convicted of murdering nine US prisoners of war. After his extradition to Poland, Stroop was tried, convicted, and executed for crimes against humanity.", "Q4934732": "Robert Gene Baker (November 12, 1928 \u2013 November 12, 2017) was an American political adviser to Lyndon B. Johnson, and an organizer for the Democratic Party. He became the Senate's Secretary to the Majority Leader. In 1963, he resigned during an investigation by the Democratic-controlled Senate into Baker's business and political activities. The investigation included allegations of bribery and arranging sexual favors in exchange for Congressional votes and government contracts. The Senate investigation looked into the financial activities of Baker and Lyndon Johnson during the 1950s. The investigation of Lyndon Johnson as part of the Baker investigation was later dropped after President Kennedy's assassination and Johnson's ascension to the presidency.", "Q541499": "Esko-Juhani Tennil\u00e4 (born 10 October 1947) is Finnish leftist politician from Lapland and member of Parliament since 1975 until 2011.\nTennil\u00e4 was born in Rovaniemi and has studied in University of Tampere and worked as reporter for H\u00e4meen Yhteisty\u00f6 1966\u20131975.\nTennil\u00e4 has been elected to Parliament from lists of SKDL 1975\u20131979, as independent 1983, as a representative of DeVa in 1987, and representative of Left Alliance from 1991.\nTennil\u00e4 was member of pro-Soviet opposition on Communist Party of Finland that was expelled from the party in 1986 and formed DeVa. He was chairman of Communist Party of Finland (Unity) in 1989\u20131990. Tennil\u00e4 left the chairmanship in 1990 as he joined Left Alliance.\nTennil\u00e4 was internal critic of Left Alliance politics and was dismissed in 1995 from Left Alliance's parliamentary group as he opposed joining the Paavo Lipponen's first cabinet. He returned to list of Left Alliance in 1999 elections.\nTennil\u00e4 has profiled himself as representative of Northern Finland and was in 2003 the most popular of the elected representatives in Lapland constituency. He has written poetry and children's books.", "Q982729": "O\u011fuz Atay (October 12, 1934 \u2013 December 13, 1977) was a pioneer of the modern novel in Turkey. His first novel, Tutunamayanlar (The Disconnected), appeared 1971-72. Never reprinted in his lifetime and controversial among critics, it has become a best-seller since a new edition came out in 1984. It has been described as \u201cprobably the most eminent novel of twentieth-century Turkish literature\u201d: this reference is due to a UNESCO survey, which goes on: \u201cit poses an earnest challenge to even the most skilled translator with its kaleidoscope of colloquialisms and sheer size.\u201d In fact three translations have so far been published: into Dutch, as Het leven in stukken, translated by Hanneke van der Heijden and Margreet Dorleijn (Athenaeum-Polak & v Gennep, 2011); into German, as Die Haltlosen, translated by Johannes Neuner (Binooki, 2016); into English, as The Disconnected, translated by Sevin Seydi (Olric Press, 2017: ISBN 978-0-9955543-0-6): an excerpt from this won the Dryden Translation Prize in 2008 (Comparative Critical Studies, vol. V (2008) 99).", "Q446484": "Silly is a German rock band. Founded in East Germany in 1977, Silly was one of the country's most popular music acts, and was well known for its charismatic lead singer Tamara Danz. Her death in 1996 ended the band's recording career after 18 years. In 2005 the surviving members began to perform as Silly again, first with several guest singers, before choosing actress Anna Loos to replace Danz. The first album with the new line-up, Alles Rot, became the band's most successful to date, reaching number 3 on the German charts in 2010.\n\n", "Q466754": "Myriam Moscona (\u05de\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05e7\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4) (born 1955 Mexico City) is a Mexican journalist, translator and poet in Ladino and Spanish languages who comes from a Bulgarian Sephardi Jewish family. She teaches at Miami University. She was the artist in-residence from the Banff Centre for the Arts in 2000.", "Q367163": "Lions for Lambs is a 2007 American war drama film directed by Robert Redford about the connection between a platoon of United States soldiers in Afghanistan, a U.S. senator, a reporter, and a California college professor. It stars Redford, Tom Cruise, and Meryl Streep. It was the first Cruise/Wagner Productions film since the company joined with United Artists subsequent to Cruise's falling out with Paramount Pictures in 2006.With a title that alludes to incompetent leaders sending brave soldiers into the slaughter of battle, the film takes aim at the U.S. government's prosecution of the wars in the Middle East, showing three different simultaneous stories: a senator who launches a new military strategy and details it to a journalist, two soldiers involved in said operation, and their college professor trying to re-engage a promising student by telling him their story. The film was written by Matthew Michael Carnahan, and directed by Robert Redford. It was released in North America on November 9, 2007, to negative reviews and disappointing box office receipts.", "Q7073757": "Oak Woods Cemetery is a large garden cemetery in Chicago, Illinois. Located at 1035 E. 67th Street, in the Greater Grand Crossing area of Chicago's South Side. Established 167 years ago on February 12, 1853, it covers 183 acres (74 ha).Oak Woods is the final resting place of several famous Americans including Harold Washington, Ida B. Wells, Jesse Owens, and Enrico Fermi. It is also the setting for a mass grave and memorial for Confederate prisoners of war from Camp Douglas, called the Confederate Mound.", "Q842519": "Tan Sri Dr. Runme Shaw, K.St.J (Chinese: \u90b5\u4ec1\u679a; pinyin: Sh\u00e0o R\u00e9nm\u00e9i; 1 January 1901 \u2013 2 March 1985) was the chairman and founder of the Shaw Organisation of Singapore. Runme Shaw and his brother, Run Run Shaw, together known as the Shaw Brothers, were pioneers in the film and entertainment industry in Singapore and Malaya, and brought to life the movie industry in Asia, especially the Southeast Asian region.\nRunme Shaw was also a philanthropist who started the Shaw Foundation, a charitable organisation. In addition, Runme was the chairman and president of several government boards, and a patron of many organisations. As a result, Runme won many local and foreign awards for his philanthropic work and contribution to the movie industry in Southeast Asia.", "Q63421": "Max Julius Friedrich Brauer (3 September 1887 \u2013 2 February 1973) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and the first elected First Mayor of Hamburg after World War II.", "Q182625": "Windsor is a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada, on the south bank of the Detroit River directly across from Detroit, Michigan. Located in Essex County, it is the southernmost city in Canada and marks the southwestern end of the Quebec City\u2013Windsor Corridor. The city's population was 217,188 at the 2016 census, making it the third-most populated city in Southwestern Ontario, after London and Kitchener. The Detroit\u2013Windsor urban area is North America's most populous trans-border conurbation, and the Ambassador Bridge border crossing is the busiest commercial crossing on the Canada\u2013United States border.\nWindsor is a major contributor to Canada's automotive industry and is culturally diverse. Known as the \"Automotive Capital of Canada\", Windsor's industrial and manufacturing heritage is responsible for how the city has developed through the years.", "Q534006": "Scott Leo \"Taye\" Diggs (born January 2, 1971) is an American actor and singer. He is known for his roles in the Broadway musicals Rent and Hedwig and the Angry Inch, the TV series Private Practice, the films How Stella Got Her Groove Back, Brown Sugar, The Best Man and its sequel, The Best Man Holiday. Between 2014 and 2016 he starred as Inspector Terry English in Murder in the First.", "Q429043": "Carmen is a French-Italian musical drama film directed by Christian-Jaque and starring Viviane Romance, Jean Marais and Lucien Co\u00ebdel. It is a version of the famous opera. Although filmed in 1942 it was not released until 1944 in France and 1945 in Italy.\nIt was one of the most popular movies in France in 1945 with admissions of 4,277,813.The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Gys. It was shot at the Scalera Studios in Rome.", "Q350917": "J\u00e9r\u00f4me Valcke (born 6 October 1960) is a French football administrator, best known as the former Secretary General of FIFA (the international governing body of the sport). He was fired on 13 January 2016 as a result of allegations arising from the ongoing 2015 FIFA corruption case.\nOriginally a journalist with a French TV station Canal+, in 1997 he was appointed chief executive officer at Sport+. In 2003, he moved to FIFA as their Director of Marketing & TV, under the Presidency of Sepp Blatter. He was released on 12 December 2006 due to his role in negotiating FIFA sponsorship contracts with rival credit card companies Visa and MasterCard. In 2007, he returned to FIFA, being appointed Secretary General by Blatter, succeeding Urs Linsi. He was relieved of his duties on 17 September 2015, and then provisionally banned from all football on 8 October 2015 for a period of 90 days, extended on expiry for another 45 days, before finally being dismissed. On 12 January 2016, Valcke was banned by the FIFA Ethics Committee until 2028 and fined 100,000 Swiss francs. On 28 February 2017, Valcke appealed against the ban to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). This appeal was subsequently dismissed by the CAS on 27 July 2018 and the FIFA Ethics Committee's original ruling was upheld.", "Q1397": "Ohio (listen) is a state in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States. Of the fifty states, it is the 34th largest by area, the seventh most populous, and the tenth most densely populated. The state's capital and largest city is Columbus. Ohio is bordered by Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the west, and Michigan to the northwest.\nThe state takes its name from the Ohio River, whose name in turn originated from the Seneca word ohi\u02d0yo', meaning \"good river\", \"great river\" or \"large creek\". Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, Ohio was the 17th state admitted to the Union on March 1, 1803, and the first under the Northwest Ordinance. Ohio is historically known as the \"Buckeye State\" after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as \"Buckeyes\".Ohio rose from the wilderness of Ohio Country west of Appalachia in colonial times through the Northwest Indian Wars as part of the Northwest Territory in the early frontier, to become the first non-colonial free state admitted to the union, to an industrial powerhouse in the 20th century before transitioning to a more information and service based economy in the 21st.\nThe government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the bicameral Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, led by the state Supreme Court. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives. Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections. Seven presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state.\nOhio is an industrial state, ranking 8th out of 50 states in GDP (2015), is the third largest US state for manufacturing, and is the second largest producer of automobiles behind Michigan.", "Q116736": "Fernando Bela\u00fande Terry (October 7, 1912 \u2013 June 4, 2002) was a Peruvian politician who served as the 57th and 60th President of Peru (1963\u20131968 and 1980\u20131985). Deposed by a military coup in 1968, he was re-elected in 1980 after twelve years of military rule.", "Q45380": "John Robert Lewis (born February 21, 1940) is an American politician and civil rights leader. He is the U.S. Representative for Georgia's 5th congressional district, serving in his 17th term in the House, having served since 1987, and is the dean of the Georgia congressional delegation. His district includes the northern three-fourths of Atlanta. He is a member of the Democratic Party.\nLewis, who as chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was one of the \"Big Six\" leaders of groups who organized the 1963 March on Washington, played many key roles in the Civil Rights Movement and its actions to end legalized racial segregation in the United States. He is a member of the Democratic Party leadership in the U.S. House of Representatives and has served as a Chief Deputy Whip since 1991 and Senior Chief Deputy Whip since 2003.\nLewis has been awarded many honorary degrees and is the recipient of numerous awards from eminent national and international institutions, including the highest civilian honor of the United States, the Presidential Medal of Freedom. On December 29, 2019, it was announced that Lewis is receiving treatment for stage IV pancreatic cancer.\n\n", "Q2422657": "Thomas Brassey (7 November 1805 \u2013 8 December 1870) was an English civil engineering contractor and manufacturer of building materials who was responsible for building much of the world's railways in the 19th century. By 1847, he had built about one-third of the railways in Britain, and by time of his death in 1870 he had built one in every twenty miles of railway in the world. This included three-quarters of the lines in France, major lines in many other European countries and in Canada, Australia, South America and India. He also built the structures associated with those railways, including docks, bridges, viaducts, stations, tunnels and drainage works.\nAs well as railway engineering, Brassey was active in the development of steamships, mines, locomotive factories, marine telegraphy, and water supply and sewage systems. He built part of the London sewerage system, still in operation today, and was a major shareholder in Brunel's The Great Eastern, the only ship large enough at the time to lay the first transatlantic telegraph cable across the North Atlantic, in 1864.\n\n", "Q5417893": "The Society of Antiquaries of London (SAL) is a learned society \"charged by its Royal Charter of 1751 with 'the encouragement, advancement and furtherance of the study and knowledge of the antiquities and history of this and other countries'.\" It is based at Burlington House, Piccadilly, London (a building owned by the UK government), and is a registered charity.", "Q2578559": "William Edwin Gordon (January 8, 1918 \u2013 February 16, 2010) was a physicist and astronomer. He is referred to as the \"father of the Arecibo Observatory\".", "Q1145619": "Curtis Lee (October 28, 1939 \u2013 January 8, 2015) was an American singer of the early 1960s, who twice was one of the beneficiaries of 1961 productions by Phil Spector. These were \"Pretty Little Angel Eyes\" (US #7) and \"Under the Moon of Love\" (U.S. #46).", "Q202923": "Michael David Bishop, Baron Glendonbrook, (born 10 February 1942) is a British businessman and life peer who rose to prominence as owner of the airline BMI. He sold his stake in the airline to Lufthansa on 1 July 2009 and (as of 2008) had an estimated personal fortune of \u00a3280 million. He was one of the country's first openly gay senior executives.", "Q1556492": "Gustav Victor Rudolf Born FRCP, HonFRCS, FRS (29 July 1921 \u2013 16 April 2018) was Professor of Pharmacology at King's College London and Research Professor at the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry.\nHe was born in Germany, the son of Hedwig Ehrenberg and the scientist Max Born. His family left Germany, as his father and maternal grandfather were Jewish. He was educated at the Oberrealschule, G\u00f6ttingen. After moving to the UK with his father, he attended The Perse School, Cambridge, Edinburgh Academy and the University of Edinburgh. His essay on \u201cSix cases illustrating lithiasis of the urinary tract, from the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh\u201d was awarded the Pattison Prize in Clinical Surgery (University of Edinburgh, 1943).", "Q958555": "Hutchinson is the largest city and county seat in Reno County, Kansas, United States, and located on the Arkansas River. It has been home to salt mines since 1887, thus its nickname of \"Salt City\", but locals call it \"Hutch\". As of the 2010 census, the city population was 42,080.Each year, Hutchinson hosts the Kansas State Fair, and National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) Basketball Tournament. It is the home of the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center aerospace museum and Strataca (formerly known as Kansas Underground Salt Museum).", "Q327221": "The Bernese Alps (German: Berner Alpen, French: Alpes bernoises, Italian: Alpi bernesi) are a mountain range of the Alps, located in western Switzerland. Although the name suggests that they are located in the Berner Oberland region of the canton of Bern, portions of the Bernese Alps are in the adjacent cantons of Valais, Fribourg and Vaud, the latter being usually named Fribourg Alps and Vaud Alps respectively. The highest mountain in the range, the Finsteraarhorn, is also the highest point in the canton of Bern.\nThe Rh\u00f4ne valley separates them from the Chablais Alps in the west and from the Pennine Alps in the south; the upper Rh\u00f4ne valley separates them from the Lepontine Alps to the southeast; the Grimsel Pass and the Aare valley separates them from the Uri Alps in the east, and from the Emmental Alps in the north; their northwestern edge is not well defined, describing a line roughly from Lake Geneva to Lake Thun. The Bernese Alps are drained by the river Aare and its tributary the Saane in the north, the Rh\u00f4ne in the south, and the Reuss in the east.", "Q311793": "Prince Sh\u0101h Karim al-Husayni, known as His Highness the Aga Khan outside Ismaili Muslim communities, and by the religious title Mawlana Hazar Imam to Ismaili communities, (Arabic: \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0642\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u200e; Persian: \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0642\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645\u200e; Urdu: \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0642\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645\u200e; Aga Khan is also transliterated as Aqa Khan and Agha Khan; born 13 December 1936) is the 49th and current Imam of Nizari Ismailism, a denomination of Isma'ilism within Shia Islam with an estimated 15 million adherents (10\u201312% of the world's Shia Muslim population). The Aga Khan is a business magnate with British and Portuguese citizenship, as well as a racehorse owner and breeder. He has held this position of Imam, under the title of Aga Khan IV, since 11 July 1957, when, at the age of 20, he succeeded his grandfather, Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah Aga Khan III. It is believed that the Aga Khan is a direct lineal descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, Ali, considered the first Imam in Shia Islam, and Ali's wife Fatima az-Zahra, Muhammad's daughter from his first marriage.\nAga Khan's net worth has been estimated to be at $13.3 billion as of 2013. Forbes describes the Aga Khan as one of the world's ten richest royals. Additionally he is unique among the richest royals as he does not rule over a geographic territory. Among the goals the Aga Khan has said he works toward are the elimination of global poverty; the promotion and implementation of religious pluralism; the advancement of the status of women; and the honoring of Islamic art and architecture. He is the founder and chairman of the Aga Khan Development Network, one of the largest private development networks in the world. The organisation works toward improvement of the environment, health, education, architecture, culture, microfinance, rural development, disaster reduction, the promotion of private-sector enterprise and the revitalisation of historic cities.Since his ascension to the Imamate of the Nizari Ismailis in 1957, the Aga Khan has been involved in complex political and economic changes which have affected his followers, including the independence of African countries from colonial rule, the expulsion of Asians from Uganda, the independence of Central Asian countries such as Tajikistan from the former Soviet Union and the continuous turmoil in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Aga Khan IV became the first faith leader to address the Joint Session of the Parliament of Canada on 27 February 2014.", "Q179497": "William Oliver Stone (born September 15, 1946) is an American film director, producer, and writer.Stone won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay as writer of Midnight Express (1978), and wrote the gangster movie Scarface (1983). Stone achieved prominence as writer and director of the war drama Platoon (1986), which won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture. Platoon was the first in a trilogy of films based on the Vietnam War, in which Stone served as an infantry soldier. He continued the series with Born on the Fourth of July (1989)\u2014for which Stone won his second Best Director Oscar\u2014and Heaven & Earth (1993). Stone's other works include the Salvadoran Civil War-based drama Salvador (1986); the financial drama Wall Street (1987) and its sequel Money Never Sleeps (2010); the Jim Morrison biographical film The Doors (1991); the satirical black comedy crime film Natural Born Killers (1994); a trilogy of films based on the American Presidency: JFK (1991), Nixon (1995), and W. (2008); and Snowden (2016).\nMany of Stone's films focus on controversial American political issues during the late 20th century, and as such were considered contentious at the times of their releases. They often combine different camera and film formats within a single scene, as demonstrated in JFK (1991), Natural Born Killers (1994), and Nixon (1995).Like his subject matter, Stone has become a controversial figure in American filmmaking, with critics accusing him of promoting unsubstantiated conspiracy theories, and of misrepresenting real-world events and figures in his works.\n\n", "Q2778293": "Aharon Ze'evi-Farkash (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05df \u05d6\u05d0\u05d1\u05d9-\u05e4\u05e8\u05e7\u05e9) (born 1948) is an Israeli general. He was the head of the Israeli Military Intelligence Directorate (Aman) from 2002 to 2006.Ze'evi-Farkash was born in Romania. He received a B.A. and M.A. in Middle East and Islam Studies from Tel Aviv University, as well as an AMP/ISMP from Harvard Business School. He commanded the IDF Technological and Logistics Branch and the IDF Planning Branch. He is head of the Intelligence and National Defense Program of the Tel Aviv University's Institute for National Security Studies (INSS).\nAccording to Der Spiegel, before Ze'evi-Farkash's retirement from the military he set up a secret commission to evaluate all available information on the missing Israeli navigator Ron Arad. The commission concluded that Arad died between 1993 and 1997.In 2006, Ze'evi-Farkash founded FST21 Ltd. (Farkash Security Technologies), which provided technologies and services for home safety and container security (it was later renamed FST21 Biometrics). FST21 has developed an award-winning building safety and security system that acts as a virtual doorman. In spite of winning several design awards, FTS21 failed to gain a significant market share, and it was folded in 2018.", "Q438628": "Alternative Tentacles is an independent record label established in 1979 in San Francisco, California. It was used by the Dead Kennedys for the self-produced single \"California \u00dcber Alles\". After realizing the potential for an independent label, they released records for other bands as well. Dead Kennedys guitarist East Bay Ray and vocalist Jello Biafra formed Alternative Tentacles, but Biafra became the owner in the mid-1980s. Alternative Tentacles no longer owns the rights to Dead Kennedys recordings after a 2000 lawsuit.", "Q146667": "Streatham ( STRET-\u0259m) is a district mostly in the London Borough of Lambeth in Greater London, but with some areas to the west stretching out into the neighbouring London Borough of Wandsworth, and some areas to the south stretching out into the neighbouring London Borough of Croydon. It is centred 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.", "Q706018": "The Electorate of Hanover (German: Kurf\u00fcrstentum Hannover or simply German: Kurhannover) was an Electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, located in northwestern Germany and taking its name from the capital city of Hanover. It was formally known as the Electorate of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg (German: Kurf\u00fcrstentum Braunschweig-L\u00fcneburg). For most of its existence, the electorate was ruled in personal union with Great Britain following the Hanoverian Succession.\nThe Duchy of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg had been split in 1269 between different branches of the House of Welf. The Principality of Calenberg, ruled by a cadet branch of the family, emerged as the largest and most powerful of the Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg states. In 1692, the Holy Roman Emperor elevated the Prince of Calenberg to the College of Electors, creating the new Electorate of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg. The fortunes of the Electorate were tied to those of Great Britain by the Act of Settlement 1701 and Act of Union 1707, which settled the succession to the British throne on Queen Anne's nearest Protestant relative, the Electress Sophia of Hanover, and her descendants.The Prince-Elector of Hanover became King of Great Britain in 1714. As a consequence, a reluctant Britain was forced time and again to defend the King's German possessions. However, Hanover remained a separately ruled territory with its own governmental bodies, and the country had to sign a treaty with Great Britain whenever Hanoverian troops fought on the British side of a war. Merged into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807, it was re-established as the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814, and the personal union with the British crown lasted until 1837.", "Q2367144": "The Fizfak (Faculty of Physics) of Moscow State University is one of the most esteemed faculties of Moscow State University, widely regarded by students as one of the toughest faculties in the university. It was established in 1933. The current dean of the faculty - Nikolay Sysoev.", "Q1054700": "Eagle Airways was a regional airline based in Hamilton, New Zealand and was wholly owned by Air New Zealand, operating regional services under the Air New Zealand Link brand. The airline was disbanded on 26 August 2016, with staff absorbed into Air New Zealand's other subsidiaries.", "Q113128": "Wilhelm von Wedell-Piesdorf (20 May 1837 \u2013 11 July 1915) was a German politician.", "Q268244": "Charlotte Lewis (born 7 August 1967) is an English actress.", "Q173804": "Sunshine is a 1999 historical drama film directed by Istv\u00e1n Szab\u00f3 and written by Israel Horovitz and Szab\u00f3. It follows five generations of a Hungarian Jewish family, originally named Sonnenschein (German: \"sunshine\"), later changed to Sors (Hungarian: \"fate\"), during changes in Hungary, focusing mostly on the three generations from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century. The family story traverses the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire through to the period after the 1956 Revolution, while the characters are forced to surrender much of their identity and endure family conflict. The central male protagonist of all three generations is portrayed by Ralph Fiennes. The film's stars include Rachel Weisz and John Neville, with the real-life daughter and mother team of Jennifer Ehle and Rosemary Harris playing the same character across a six-decade storyline.\nThe film was an international co-production among companies from Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Canada. It won three European Film Awards, including Best Actor for Fiennes, and three Canadian Genie Awards, including Best Motion Picture.", "Q124784": "Daniele Ganser (born August 29, 1972 in Lugano) is a Swiss historian. He became known in Europe with his 2005 book NATO's Secret Armies, an adaption of his 2001 dissertation. Since then he has published, among other things, on open and covert military actions of NATO countries, which he describes as being contrary to international law, as well as on the global maximum production of crude oil. He picks up on various conspiracy theories, especially on 9/11 and presents them as explanatory approaches still to be examined by scientists. Since September 2019, he holds that the Hulsey study has scientifically proven that only a controlled demolition by explosives can explain the destruction of World Trade Center 7.", "Q859139": "TaJuan Akeem Perry, (born May 7, 1975), better known by his stage name Big Noyd, is an American rapper from Queensbridge, New York. He is closely affiliated with Mobb Deep, and is featured on all of their albums except Blood Money.", "Q142401": "Fr. Kjell Arild Pollestad (born 27 May 1949 in H\u00e5, J\u00e6ren) is a Norwegian author, essayist, translator, theologian, philologist, Catholic priest and Dominican.\nPollestad studied Russian language and Lutheran theology at the University of Oslo, graduating as cand. theol. in 1977. He graduated in Catholic theology at the Institut Catholique de Toulouse in 1979, and studied ancient Oriental languages (Syriac and Coptic) at the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome from 1979 to 1981. He is fluent in a large number of languages. Converting to Catholicism and joining the Dominican Order in 1975, he was ordained a Catholic priest by Bishop John Willem Gran on 12 April 1980. He was head of the press office of the Catholic Church in Norway 1981\u20131988, and parish priest in T\u00f8nsberg 1988\u20131996. He has lived in the monastery of St. Jacques in Paris since 2005.Pollestad has been a popular and award-winning author since the 1980s. He has published several books and essays, and has translated a collection of poems by Constantine P. Cavafy in 2002. He won the Cappelen Prize (jointly with Hans-Wilhelm Steinfeld) in 1990. He is also a member of the Norwegian Academy for Language and Literature. Pollestad is an outspoken liberal who has been one of Norway's best known Catholics for many years, frequently appearing as a commentator on Catholic issues in national media. He was one of three presenters of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation documentary series Tre muntre herrer i Roma (Three Cheerful Gentlemen in Rome), that was aired in 2007.Within the Catholic Church itself, he has been controversial due to his perceived liberal stance notably on homosexuality, with several priests signing a protest petition against him when he published the Cavafy collection that included some of Cavafy's homoerotic poems. In an op-ed in Aftenposten, he announced his intention to resign as a Catholic priest in 2010, but eventually changed his mind.", "Q196136": "Claudia Catani (born August 14, 1969) is an Italian actress and voice artist.", "Q5697": "Central Finland (Finnish: Keski-Suomi; Swedish: Mellersta Finland) is a region (maakunta / landskap) in Finland. It borders the regions of P\u00e4ij\u00e4t-H\u00e4me, Pirkanmaa, South Ostrobothnia, Central Ostrobothnia, North Ostrobothnia, North Savo, and South Savo.\nJyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 is the regional centre and by far the largest city in the area.", "Q333254": "Supermax was a project of Austrian musician and producer, Kurt Hauenstein (1949\u20132011), best known for the 1979 hit \"It ain't easy\", and \"Lovemachine\", a 1977 German #4 single, that peaked at #6 in Switzerland, #9 in Austria and #96 in US.\nThe first members of the band were Kurt Hauenstein (Mini Moog, vocals), Hans Ochs (guitar), Ken Taylor (bass guitar), Lothar Krell (keyboards), Peter Koch (percussion), J\u00fcrgen Z\u00f6ller (drums) and the singers Cee Cee Cobb and Jean Graham. After Ken Taylor left the band in 1979, Kurt Hauenstein returned to his origin music instrument, the bass guitar. Later, Bernadet Onore Eben and Jessica Hauenstein, the daughter of Kurt Hauenstein, joined the group as backing vocal singers. From 2006 Raimund Bretterbauer joined as his Sound Engineer and Co Producer.\nIn 1981, Supermax toured as the first mixed-race band through South Africa for 21 gigs. Despite warnings and death threats, Supermax finished the tour, but this made some countries refuse permits for entry, and consequently the group was black-listed by some political organizations.In 1983, Supermax was invited to play as special guest from Europe at the Reggae Sunsplash Festival in Montego Bay, Jamaica.", "Q700469": "The Germans of Romania or Rum\u00e4niendeutsche, are an ethnic group of Romania. During the interwar period in Romania, the total number of ethnic Germans amounted to as much as c. 800,000 (according to some sources and estimates dating to 1939, just prior to the beginning of World War II), a figure which has subsequently fallen to c. 36,000 as of 2011 in contemporary Romania.", "Q102025": "Richard T\u00fcngel (1893 \u2013 1970) was a German journalist, originally an architect and a longtime Director of Construction (Baudirektor) in Hamburg. Removed from this position by the Nazis in 1933, he went to Berlin, where he lived until 1945 as a translator and writer. For example, one still finds his name on current German-language editions of Igor Stravinsky's memoirs. Immediately after the war, he was one of the co-founders of Die Zeit, initially as fiction editor (Feuilletonchef) and a bit later as editor-in-chief.\nAfter that it is remarkably difficult to find biographical information about him, not least because he had a rather inglorious departure from Die Zeit: He had to leave, after Marion D\u00f6nhoff had provoked a scandal by enforcing a decision concerning the political line of the paper. T\u00fcngel, who was described by his successor as editor-in-chief as \"...helpful and inconvenient. Brilliant and the embodiment of antagonism and artistic temperament,\" (Ralf Dahrendorf in his biography of Gerd Bucerius), stood politically on the right and was steering Die Zeit into a current \"farther right than the CDU\" (the German Christian Democratic Union). In 1955, the \"difficult, but at the same time respected and feared\" man (Dahrendorf's expression, again) had to resign. The years-long arguments between Bucerius and the newspaper's co-founders, which had started as early as 1949, ended in 1956 because T\u00fcngel was no longer a partner.\nThe book Auf dem Bauche sollst du kriechen... Deutschland unter den Besatzungsm\u00e4chten (Upon thy belly shalt thou go... Germany under the Occupying Powers) published in 1958, which T\u00fcngel wrote together with journalist Hans Rudolf Berndorff, is sometimes referred to as his \"memoirs\". The book was reissued by Matthes & Seitz Berlin Verlag under the title Stunde Null. Deutschland unter den Besatzungsm\u00e4chten (Zero Hour: Germany under the Occupying Powers). In this work, the two authors describe their experience of the immediate post-war years, and so one learns a bit about the founding of Die Zeit. Beyond that, one must form one's own opinion of this man, who does not make it easy to form a simple verdict. Those that would like to see a balanced, but critical, view can take a look at the German-language Die Herren Journalisten. Die Elite der deutschen Presse nach 1945 (The gentlemen journalists: the elite of the German press after 1945) by Lutz Hachmeister and Friedemann Siering, (Beck, Munich, 2002). He is of course also mentioned in the biographies of Marion D\u00f6nhoff, e.g. the one by Alice Schwarzer, and in the correspondence between D\u00f6nhoff and Gerd Bucerius, published in 2004.", "Q365012": "Mario Costa (Rome, 30 May 1904 \u2013 Rome, 22 October 1995) was an Italian actor, director and screenwriter, active from 1934 to 1971.", "Q261506": "Makerere University, Kampala ( ; MUK) is Uganda's largest and oldest institution of higher learning, first established as a technical school in 1922. It became an independent national university in 1970. Today, Makerere University is composed of nine colleges and one school offering programmes for about 36,000 undergraduates and 4,000 postgraduates.\nU.S. News & World Report has ranked Makerere University as the eighth best university in Africa and the 569th best university worldwide. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2016 ranked it as the fourth best university in Africa.Makerere University was alma mater to many post-independence African leaders, including Ugandan president Milton Obote and Tanzanian presidents Julius Nyerere and Benjamin Mkapa. The former president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Joseph Kabila, and Kenyan president Mwai Kibaki are also Makerere alumni.\nIn the years immediately after Uganda's independence, Makerere University was a focal point for the literary activity that was central to African nationalist culture. Many prominent writers, including Nuruddin Farah, Ali Mazrui, David Rubadiri, Okello Oculi, Ng\u0169g\u0129 wa Thiong'o, John Ruganda, Paul Theroux, V. S. Naipaul and Peter Nazareth, were at Makerere University at one point in their writing and academic careers.\nBecause of student unrest and faculty disenchantment, the university was closed three times between 2006 and 2016. The final time was on 1 November 2016 when President Yoweri Museveni declared it closed indefinitely. The university was reopened in January 2017.", "Q115559": "Arnold Koller (born 29 August 1933) is a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1986\u20131999).\nHe was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 10 December 1986 as a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland from the canton of Appenzell Inner Rhodes. He handed over office on 30 April 1999.\nArnold Koller was Chairman of the Board of the Forum of Federations from 2006 to 2010. This is an international organization designed to help develop best practices in countries around the world with federal and devolved systems of government.\nDuring his time in office he held the following departments:\nFederal Military Department (1987\u20131988)\nFederal Department of Justice and Police (1989)\nFederal Military Department (1989)\nFederal Department of Justice and Police (1990\u20131999)He was President of the Confederation twice in 1990 and 1997.", "Q283597": "Kitty Kelly (born Sue O'Neil, April 27, 1902 \u2013 June 29, 1968), was an American stage and film character actress.\n\n", "Q67135": "Klingnau is a municipality in the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q206589": "Homer and Eddie is a 1989 American comedy film starring Whoopi Goldberg and Jim Belushi and directed by Andrei Konchalovsky.This was Anne Ramsey's final performance.", "Q258393": "Jill Esmond (born Jill Esmond Moore; 26 January 1908 \u2013 28 July 1990) was an English stage and screen actress. She was the first wife of Laurence Olivier.", "Q77326": "Karl Fritzsch (10 July 1903 \u2013 reported missing 2 May 1945), a German SS functionary during the Nazi era of 1933-1945, served as an Auschwitz concentration camp deputy- and acting-commandant. According to Rudolf H\u00f6ss, Fritzsch first suggested using poisonous gas Zyklon B for the purpose of mass murder.", "Q325422": "George Clayton Johnson (July 10, 1929 \u2013 December 25, 2015) was an American science fiction writer, best known for co-writing with William F. Nolan the novel Logan's Run, the basis for the MGM 1976 film. He was also known for his television scripts for The Twilight Zone (including \"Nothing in the Dark\", \"Kick the Can\", \"A Game of Pool\", and \"A Penny for Your Thoughts\"), and the first telecast episode of Star Trek, entitled \"The Man Trap\". He also wrote the story and screenplay on which the 1960 and 2001 films Ocean's Eleven were based.", "Q78015": "Hermann Aron [a:ron] (1 October 1845 \u2013 29 August 1913) was a German researcher of electrical engineering.", "Q536163": "The University of Music FRANZ LISZT Weimar (in German: Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Franz Liszt Weimar) is an institution of music in Weimar, Germany.", "Q333240": "William Beckford (baptised 19 December 1709 \u2013 21 June 1770) was a well-known political figure in 18th-century London, who twice held the office of Lord Mayor of London (1762 and 1769). His vast wealth came largely from his plantations in Jamaica and the large numbers of slaves working on these plantations. He was, and is, often referred to as Alderman Beckford to distinguish him from his son William Thomas Beckford, the author and art collector.", "Q5683": "Geoffrey Chaucer (; c.\u20091340s \u2013 25 October 1400) was an English poet and author. Considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages, he is best known for The Canterbury Tales, and is considered the \"Father of English literature\". He was the first writer buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey. Chaucer also gained fame as a philosopher and astronomer, composing the scientific A Treatise on the Astrolabe for his 10-year-old son Lewis. He maintained a career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, diplomat, and member of parliament. \nAmong Chaucer's many other works are The Book of the Duchess, The House of Fame, The Legend of Good Women, and Troilus and Criseyde. He is seen as crucial in legitimising the literary use of Middle English when the dominant literary languages in England were still French and Latin.\n\n", "Q3588583": "Jacques Charles \u00c9mile Jouguet (5 January 1871, Bess\u00e8ges (Gard) \u2013 2 April 1943, Montpellier) was a French engineer and scientist, whose name is attached to the Chapman\u2013Jouguet condition.He was the son of F\u00e9lix Jouguet (1831\u20131887), mining engineer and mayor of Bess\u00e8ges.\nA graduate of l'\u00c9cole polytechnique (ranked third in the class of 1889) and of the l'\u00c9cole des mines de Paris (ranked first in the class of 1895), he worked as an engineer in the Corps des mines from 1895 to 1898. He was a professor at l'\u00c9cole des mines de Saint-\u00c9tienne from 1898 to 1907. \u00c9mile Jouguet is known primarily for his work in thermodynamics and hydrodynamics, applied to heat engines and explosives, and also for his work on shock waves.\nIn 1910 in Paris he was appointed chief engineer of the control of railroads. He was responsible for developing a comprehensive system of operations and signalling used throughout the rail network in France. From 1910 to 1914 and from 1920 to 1939, he was a professor at l'\u00c9cole des mines de Paris; during World War I he was a lieutenant-colonel of artillery.\nIn 1921 Jouguet won the Poncelet Prize. In 1930, he was elected as a member of l'Acad\u00e9mie des sciences, and in 1936 he was honored with the rank of commandeur de la l\u00e9gion d'honneur.", "Q944168": "Shih-Ying Lee or S. Y. Lee (Chinese: \u674e\u8a69\u7a4e; pinyin: L\u01d0 Sh\u012by\u01d0ng; April 30, 1918 \u2013 July 2, 2018) was an American inventor, engineer and physicist who was noted for his research and innovation in hydrodynamics-related technologies. Lee was also an entrepreneur and Professor Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.", "Q313190": "Ren\u00e9 Cl\u00e9ment (French: [klem\u0251\u0303]; 18 March 1913 \u2013 17 March 1996) was a French film director and screenwriter.", "Q962811": "Michael Lawrence Tyler (born September 22, 1970), known professionally as Mystikal, is an American rapper, songwriter and actor from New Orleans, Louisiana.", "Q1225141": "Joseph Henry \"T Bone\" Burnett III (born January 14, 1948) is an American record producer, musician, and songwriter. Burnett rose to fame as a guitarist in Bob Dylan's band during the 1970s. He has received multiple Grammy awards for his work in film music, including for O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000) Cold Mountain (2004), Walk the Line (2006), and Crazy Heart (2010); and won another Grammy for producing the studio album Raising Sand (2007), in which he united the contemporary bluegrass of Alison Krauss with the blues rock of Robert Plant.\nBurnett helped start the careers of Counting Crows, Los Lobos, Sam Phillips, and Gillian Welch, and he revitalized the careers of Gregg Allman and Roy Orbison. He produced music for the television programs Nashville and True Detective. He has released several solo albums, including Tooth of Crime, which he wrote for a revival of the play by Sam Shepard.", "Q884358": "Pforzheim University is one of the biggest public universities of applied science in Germany. Located in Pforzheim, it was created to meet the demand for specialists in the jewelry industry and science, before it grew to become one of the most important and research-oriented universities of applied sciences in Germany. The main buildings of the campus are located in the southern part of the city (Tiefenbronner Stra\u00dfe), with affiliated institutes scattered around the city Pforzheim.\nThe Pforzheim University Business School is one of only eleven institutions in Germany to have received the AACSB accreditation.", "Q461991": "John Gray (1799 \u2013 1883) was a British newspaper proprietor and economist. His first published work, A Lecture on Human Happiness, was broadly supportive of the ideas of Robert Owen, although he would later criticise Owen's communitarianism. Gray's critique of laissez-faire capitalism is usually associated with the school of Ricardian socialism and he was one of the earliest writers to advocate a centrally-planned economy.", "Q4073575": "Igor Raufovich Ashurbeyli (Azerbaijani: \u0130qor Rauf o\u011flu A\u015furb\u0259yli;, Russian: \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u0420\u0430\u0443\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0448\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0438; born 9 September 1963, Baku, Azerbaijan) is a Russian scientist, businessman and politician of Azerbaijani origin. Head of Asgardia, the Space Nation. Leader of the Party of Russia's Rebirth since 2016.\nHe was the CEO of Scientific Production Association (SPA) Almaz from 2000 to 2011. He is also the founder and Chairman of the Board of Socium Holding. He has a Doctorate of Science in Engineering and a PhD in Engineering, with a specialization in Computer Science.\n\n", "Q44934": "Venantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus (c. 530 \u2013 c. 600/609 AD) was a Latin poet and hymnodist in the Merovingian Court, and a Bishop of the Early Church. He has been venerated as Saint Venantius Fortunatus since the Middle Ages.\n\n", "Q272208": "Montparnasse Cemetery (French: Cimeti\u00e8re du Montparnasse) is a cemetery in the Montparnasse quarter of Paris, in the city's 14th arrondissement. The cemetery is roughly 47 acres and is the second largest cemetery in Paris. The cemetery has over 35,000 graves and approximately a thousand people are buried here each year.The cemetery contains 35,000 plots and is the resting place to a variety of individuals including political figures, philosophers, artists, actors, and writers. Additionally, in the cemetery one can find a number of tombs commemorating those who died in the Franco-Prussian war during the Siege of Paris (1870-1871) and the Paris Commune (1871).", "Q148886": "Bruno Schulz (July 12, 1892 \u2013 November 19, 1942) was a Polish Jewish writer, fine artist, literary critic and art teacher. He is regarded as one of the great Polish-language prose stylists of the 20th century. In 1938, he was awarded the Polish Academy of Literature's prestigious Golden Laurel award. Several of Schulz's works were lost in the Holocaust, including short stories from the early 1940s and his final, unfinished novel The Messiah. Schulz was shot and killed by a German Nazi in 1942 while walking back home toward Drohobycz Ghetto with a loaf of bread.", "Q887889": "Robert Kenneth Dornan (born April 3, 1933) is an American politician who is a former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from California.\nA boisterous former actor and television and radio talk show host, Dornan had a flair for the dramatic that drew supporters and detractors well beyond his congressional district. Though never a major power in Washington, he became one of the most well-known members of the House of Representatives as a participant in televised \"special orders\" speeches and has been described as \"one of the leading firebrands among American politicians.\"\n\n", "Q3268638": "The Lyc\u00e9e Pierre-Corneille (also known as the Lyc\u00e9e Corneille) is a state secondary school located in the city of Rouen, France. \nOriginally founded by the Jesuits in 1593, the school was secularized following the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, and is today non-religious and ruled by the French Ministry of Education.\nThe school adopted the name of the playwright Pierre Corneille in 1873, and was classified as a national heritage site in December 1985.", "Q7094": "Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. Biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life.\nA sub-discipline of both biology and chemistry, biochemistry can be divided into three fields; structural biology, enzymology, and metabolism. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become successful at explaining living processes through these three disciplines. Almost all areas of the life sciences are being uncovered and developed by biochemical methodology and research. Biochemistry focuses on understanding the chemical basis which allows biological molecules to give rise to the processes that occur within living cells and between cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of tissues and organs, as well as organism structure and function.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms of biological phenomena.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions, and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic (for example, water and metal ions) or organic (for example, the amino acids, which are used to synthesize proteins). The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of diseases. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and wellness and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers. They also try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage, and pest control.", "Q2186470": "Le Clown et ses chiens (aka The Clown and His Dogs) is an 1892 French short animated film hand-painted in colour by \u00c9mile Reynaud. It consists of 300 individually painted images and lasts about 10 minutes. It was the second film that Reynaud made for his Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Optique, after Un bon bock (created in 1888).\nThe film shows a clown entering a circus ring and greeting the audience, before he starts to perform tricks with three dogs. The dogs jump through hoops, walk on a ball and jump over a wand.It premiered theatrically alongside Pauvre Pierrot and Un bon bock on 28 October 1892 as part of Reynaud's Pantomimes Lumineuses program at the Mus\u00e9e Gr\u00e9vin and lasted until February 1894.Reynaud gave the whole presentation himself manipulating the images, accompanied by Gaston Paulin on the piano.\nSadly, with the exception of Un bon bock, and Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Optique films after this one, no footage is found due to Reynaud throwing all of his films except for a partial of Pauvre Pierrot and Autour D\u2019une Cabine into the Seine river in 1900.", "Q2576206": "East West Records (stylized as eastwest) is a record label formed in 1955, distributed and owned by Warner Music Group, headquartered in London, United Kingdom.", "Q146673": "Basic Instinct is a 1992 American neo-noir erotic thriller film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Joe Eszterhas. The film follows San Francisco police detective Nick Curran (Michael Douglas), who is investigating the brutal murder of a wealthy rock star. During the investigation Curran becomes involved in a torrid and intense relationship with the prime suspect, Catherine Tramell (Sharon Stone), an enigmatic writer.\nEszterhas developed the script in the 1980s, which became a subject of a bidding war until Carolco Pictures acquired the rights to the film. From there, Verhoeven signed on to direct and Douglas and Stone joined the project, after many actresses were considered for the role of Tramell. Before its release, Basic Instinct generated heated controversy due to its overt sexuality and graphic depictions of violence, including a scene of rape. It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists, who criticized the film's depiction of homosexual relationships and the portrayal of a bisexual woman as a murderous psychopath. In a 2006 interview, Stone alleged that a scene in which her vulva was exposed as she crossed her legs was filmed without her knowledge.Basic Instinct premiered in Los Angeles on March 18, 1992, and was released in the United States by TriStar Pictures on March 20, 1992. The film received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the performances of its cast, original score, and editing, but criticized its writing and character development. Despite initial mixed critical reception and public protest, Basic Instinct was a box office success, grossing $352 million worldwide, making it the fourth highest-grossing film of 1992. Several versions of the film have been released on videocassette, DVD, and Blu-ray including a director's cut with extended footage previously unseen in North American cinemas.The film has contemporarily been recognized for its groundbreaking depictions of sexuality in mainstream Hollywood cinema, and has been referred to by scholars as \"a neo-film noir masterpiece that plays with, and transgresses, the narrative rules of film noir.\" A 2006 sequel (14 years later), Basic Instinct 2, also starred Stone and was made without Verhoeven's involvement, but received negative reviews from critics and was not particularly successful at the box office.\n\n", "Q151469": "United Russia (Russian: \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f, tr. Yedinaya Rossiya, IPA: [(j)\u026a\u02c8d\u02b2in\u0259j\u0259 r\u0250\u02c8s\u02b2ij\u0259]) is the ruling political party of Russia. United Russia is the largest party in Russia, and as of 2018 it holds 335 (or 74.44%) of the 450 seats in the State Duma. United Russia members have constituted the majority of State Duma since 2007.\nThe United Russia party formed in December 2001 through a merger of the Unity and the Fatherland \u2013 All Russia parties. The United Russia party, along with A Just Russia party, supports the policy of Russian president Vladimir Putin, who is also de facto leader of the party. Although the United Russia party's popularity declined from its peak of 64.4% in the 2007 Duma elections to 49.32% in the 2011 elections, it remained the most popular party in the country ahead of the second-placed Communist Party at 19.19%. In the 2016 elections, it received 54.2% while the second-place Communist Party received 13.3%.\nThe party has no coherent ideology, but it embraces specific politicians and officials with a variety of political views who support the administration. The party appeals mainly to non-ideological voters, therefore United Russia is often classified by political scientists as a \"catch-all party\" or as a \"party of power\". In 2009, it proclaimed Russian conservatism as its official ideology.", "Q348194": "Mignon Anderson (March 31, 1892 \u2013 February 25, 1983) was an American film and stage actress. Her career was at its peak in the 1910s.", "Q25460": "Around a Small Mountain (French: 36 vues du pic Saint-Loup) is a 2009 French drama film directed by Jacques Rivette, which was his final film before his death on 29 January 2016, and starred Jane Birkin and Sergio Castellitto. It was screened in the main competition at the 66th Venice International Film Festival.", "Q946019": "Eric Lee Martin (born October 10, 1960 in Long Island, New York) is an American rock singer/musician active throughout the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s both as a solo artist and as a member of various bands. He earned his most prominent success as the frontman for the hard rock band Mr. Big, a supergroup (currently reunited) who scored a big hit in the early 1990s with \"To Be with You,\" a song that Martin wrote during his teen years.\nA local of the San Francisco Bay Area, Martin first started his career in the music industry in 1978.", "Q1463429": "Zachary Bennett (born February 17, 1980) is a Canadian actor and musician in Toronto, Ontario, who is known for playing Felix King in Road to Avonlea. He also co-starred in the 2006 TV film Jekyll + Hyde and for voicing Coach Clydesdale on Corn & Peg\nHe was born in London, Ontario. He is the second youngest of four children, and his siblings are fellow actors Garreth Bennett, Mairon Bennett, and Sophie Bennett.\nBennett also formed the indie rock band Yonder in 2004, which was renamed Tin Star Orphans in 2008.", "Q358387": "Alexandre-F\u00e9lix-Joseph Ribot (French pronunciation: \u200b[al\u025bks\u0251\u0303d\u0281 \u0281ibo]; 7 February 1842 \u2013 13 January 1923) was a French politician, four times Prime Minister.", "Q55187": "A hairdresser is a person whose occupation is to cut or style hair in order to change or maintain a person's image. This is achieved using a combination of hair coloring, haircutting, and hair texturing techniques. Most hairdressers are professionally licensed as either a hairdresser, a barber or a cosmetologist.", "Q137934": "Suger (French: [sy\u0292\u025b\u0281]; Latin: Sugerius; c. 1081 \u2013 13 January 1151) was a French abbot, statesman, and historian. He was one of the earliest patrons of Gothic architecture, and is widely credited with popularizing the style.", "Q350903": "Adam Michael Shankman (born November 27, 1964) is an American film director, producer, dancer, author, actor, and choreographer. He was a judge on seasons 3\u201310 of the television program So You Think You Can Dance. He began his professional career in musical theater, and was a dancer in music videos for Paula Abdul and Janet Jackson. Shankman has choreographed dozens of films and directed several feature-length films, including A Walk to Remember, Bringing Down the House, The Pacifier and the 2007 remake of Hairspray.\nHis company, Offspring Entertainment (which he co-owns with his sister) produces films and television for various studios and networks.\nShankman is also currently co-writing young adult novels for Simon & Schuster imprint Atheneum Books for Young Readers. The books, co-written with author Laura Lee Sullivan, follow the story of rags to riches Lucille O' Malley as she becomes Hollywood's \"it girl\", navigating a murder mystery and meeting her match, Frederick van der Waals.", "Q45394": "The Cabin in the Woods is a 2012 American horror comedy film directed by Drew Goddard in his directorial debut, produced by Joss Whedon, and written by Whedon and Goddard. The film stars Kristen Connolly, Chris Hemsworth, Anna Hutchison, Fran Kranz, Jesse Williams, Richard Jenkins, and Bradley Whitford. The plot follows a group of college students who retreat to a remote forest cabin where they fall victim to backwoods zombies, and the technicians who manipulate events from an underground facility.\nGoddard and Whedon, having worked together previously on Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel, wrote the screenplay in three days, describing it as an attempt to \"revitalize\" the slasher film genre and as a critical satire on torture porn. The special effects, monster costumes, special makeup, and prosthetic makeup for the movie were done by veteran horror film actress Heather Langenkamp, her husband David LeRoy Anderson, and their company AFX Studio. Filming took place in Vancouver, British Columbia from March to May 2009 on an estimated budget of $30 million.\nThe film was originally slated for release on February 5, 2010, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and United Artists, but was indefinitely shelved due to financial difficulties. In 2011, Lionsgate picked up the distribution rights. The film premiered on March 9, 2012, at the South by Southwest film festival in Austin, Texas and was released in the United States on April 13, 2012, grossing over $66 million worldwide.\n\n", "Q72538": "Karl Christian von Langsdorf, also known as Carl Christian von Langsdorff (18 May 1757 in Nauheim \u2013 10 June 1834 in Heidelberg), was a German mathematician, geologist, natural scientist and engineer.", "Q1383": "Lake Huron (French: Lac Huron) is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Hydrologically, it comprises the easterly portion of Lake Michigan\u2013Huron, having the same surface elevation as its westerly counterpart, to which it is connected by the 5-mile-wide (8.0 km), 20-fathom-deep (120 ft; 37 m) Straits of Mackinac. It is shared on the north and east by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the south and west by the state of Michigan in the United States. The name of the lake is derived from early French explorers who named it for the Huron people inhabiting the region.\nThe Huronian glaciation was named due to evidence collected from Lake Huron region. The northern parts of the lake include the North Channel and Georgian Bay. Across the lake to the southwest is Saginaw Bay. The main inlet is the St. Marys River, and the main outlet is the St. Clair River.", "Q2784982": "The Colegio de Nuestra Se\u00f1ora del Pilar (in English: The School of Our Lady of the Pillar), is an elite catholic school located in Madrid, Spain. It is often referred to as \"El Pilar\" is a state-funded independent day school for pupils from 3 to 18 years of age located in Calle de Castell\u00f3, in Madrid (Spain). It was founded in 1907 by the Society of Mary, a Roman Catholic teaching order of priests and religious brothers, who still continue to operate the institution. Founded as a boys' school, it first admitted girls in 1986, and progressively became fully co-educational. El Pilar has educated one Spanish Prime Minister and numerous prominent public figures in the history of Spain. El Pilar has been considered as one of the most influential public schools in the history of 20th-century Spain.", "Q65044": "Furna is a Swiss village in the Pr\u00e4ttigau and a municipality in the political district Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q691402": "Philip IV (Spanish: Felipe, Portuguese: Filipe; 8 April 1605 \u2013 17 September 1665) was King of Spain and (as Philip III) Portugal. He ascended the thrones in 1621 and reigned in Portugal until 1640. Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as Diego Vel\u00e1zquez, and his rule over Spain during the Thirty Years' War.\nBy the time of his death in 1665, the Spanish Empire had reached approximately 12.2 million square kilometers (4.7 million square miles) in area but in other respects was in decline, a process to which Philip contributed with his inability to achieve successful domestic and military reform.\n\n", "Q190235": "Horsens (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u0252\u02d0sn\u0329s]) is a city on the east coast of Jutland region of Denmark. It is the seat of the Horsens municipality. The city's population is 59,181 (2019) and the municipality's population is 90,370 (as of 1 January 2019), making it the 8th largest city in Denmark.Horsens is best known for its culture and entertainment events. Horsens New Theatre is a cultural centre which holds over 200 events annually. It has managed to draw major names such as Bob Dylan, Madonna and The Rolling Stones.\n\n", "Q48868": "Eva Illouz (Arabic: \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u200e ; Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d5\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d6\u200e) (born April 30, 1961 in Fes, Morocco) is a professor of Sociology at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences in Paris. She was the first woman president of Bezalel Academy of Art and Design.", "Q27277": "Louis Mustillo (born May 28, 1958) is an American actor who recently played as Vincent \u201cVince\u201d Moranto on Mike & Molly from 2010 to 2016.\n\n", "Q539536": "Robert Randolph \"Randy\" Neugebauer (born December 24, 1949) is an American politician who was the U.S. Representative for Texas's 19th congressional district, having served from a special election in 2003 to 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district includes a large swath of West Texas, including Lubbock and Abilene. According to a 2011 survey by the National Journal, Neugebauer was \"the most conservative\" member of the House.On September 17, 2015, Neugebauer announced he would not seek reelection to an eighth term in 2016.", "Q77440": "Dr Walter Thiel (3 March 1910 Breslau \u2013 17 August 1943 Karlshagen, near Peenem\u00fcnde) was a German rocket scientist. Walter Thiel provided the decisive ideas for the A4 (V-2) rocket engine and his research enabled rockets to head towards space.", "Q201580": "Seich\u014d Matsumoto (\u677e\u672c \u6e05\u5f35, Matsumoto Seich\u014d, December 21, 1909 \u2013 August 4, 1992) was a Japanese writer.\nSeich\u014d's works created a new tradition of Japanese crime fiction. Dispensing with formulaic plot devices such as puzzles, Seich\u014d incorporated elements of human psychology and ordinary life. In particular, his works often reflect a wider social context and postwar nihilism that expanded the scope and further darkened the atmosphere of the genre. His expos\u00e9 of corruption among police officials as well as criminals was a new addition to the field. The subject of investigation was not just the crime but also the society in which the crime was committed.The self-educated Seich\u014d did not see his first book in print until he was in his forties. He was a prolific author, he wrote until his death in 1992, producing in four decades more than 450 works. Seich\u014d's mystery and detective fiction solidified his reputation as a writer at home and abroad. He wrote historical novels and nonfiction in addition to mystery/detective fiction.\nHe was awarded the Akutagawa Prize in 1952 and the Kikuchi Kan Prize in 1970, as well as the Mystery Writers of Japan Award in 1957. He chaired the president of Mystery Writers of Japan from 1963 to 1971.\nCredited with popularizing the genre among readers in his country, Seich\u014d became his nation's best-selling and highest earning author in the 1960s. His most acclaimed detective novels, including Ten to sen (1958; Points and Lines, 1970); Suna no utsuwa (1961; Inspector Imanishi Investigates, 1989) and Kiri no hata (1961; Pro Bono, 2012), have been translated into a number of languages, including English.\nHe collaborated with film director Yoshitar\u014d Nomura on adaptations of eight of his novels to film, including Castle of Sand.", "Q1608224": "Johnny Carroll (October 23, 1937 \u2013 January 13, 1995) was an American rockabilly musician.", "Q15408153": "Rani Velu Nachiyar (3 January 1730 \u2013 25 December 1796) was a queen of Sivaganga estate from c. 1780\u20131790. She was the first queen to fight against the British colonial power in India. She is known by Tamils as Veeramangai (\"brave woman\").\n\n", "Q104326": "Jean-Michel Andr\u00e9 Jarre (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 mi\u0283\u025bl \u0251\u0303d\u0281e \u0292a\u0281]; born 24 August 1948) is a French composer, performer and record producer. He is a pioneer in the electronic, ambient and new-age genres, and known for organising outdoor spectacles featuring his music, vast laser displays, large projections and fireworks.\nJarre was raised in Lyon by his mother and grandparents and trained on the piano. From an early age, he was introduced to a variety of art forms, including street performers, jazz musicians and the artist Pierre Soulages. He played guitar in a band, but his musical style was perhaps most heavily influenced by Pierre Schaeffer, a pioneer of musique concr\u00e8te at the Groupe de Recherches Musicales.\nHis first mainstream success was the 1976 album Oxyg\u00e8ne. Recorded in a makeshift studio at his home, the album sold an estimated 12 million copies. Oxyg\u00e8ne was followed in 1978 by \u00c9quinoxe, and in 1979, Jarre performed to a record-breaking audience of more than a million people at the Place de la Concorde, a record he has since broken three times. More albums were to follow, but his 1979 concert served as a blueprint for his future performances around the world. Several of his albums have been released to coincide with large-scale outdoor events, and he is now perhaps as well known as a performer as he is as a musician.\nAs of 2004, Jarre had sold an estimated 80 million albums. He was the first Western musician officially invited to perform in the People's Republic of China and holds the world record for the largest-ever audience at an outdoor event for his Moscow concert on 6 September 1997, which was attended by 3.5 million people.", "Q1140775": "Reed College is a private liberal arts college in Portland, Oregon. Founded in 1908, Reed is a residential college with a campus in the Eastmoreland neighborhood, with Tudor-Gothic style architecture, and a forested canyon nature preserve at its center.\nReed is known for its academic rigor, mandatory freshman humanities program, senior thesis, and unusually high proportion of graduates who go on to earn doctorates and other postgraduate degrees. The college has many prominent alumni, including over a hundred Fulbright Scholars, 67 Watson Fellows, and three Winston Churchill Scholars; its 32 Rhodes Scholars are the second-highest count for a liberal arts college. Reed is ranked fourth in the U.S. of all colleges for the percentage of its graduates who go on to earn a PhD.\n\n", "Q991027": "Katalin Ertsey (born 1966) is a Hungarian journalist and politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) from Politics Can Be Different (LMP) National List between 2010 and 2014.\nShe was a member of the Committee on Consumer Protection from May 14, 2010 to February 11, 2013 and from September 23, 2013 to May 5, 2014, and also a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs from March 7, 2011 to May 5, 2014 (as Deputy Chairperson since September 23, 2013).In April 2011 Ertsey said about the new constitution that its fails to account for the constantly-changing family patterns of the 21st century and the couples planning to have children at a future date or single-parent families have not been mentioned in the constitution. She also called for more parliamentary representation for women. Later she said increasing the number of women was a basic need in a country where they account for 52 percent of society but have only 9 percent representation in parliament.Ertsey spoke against domestic violence in September 2012 responding to the assertion of MP Istv\u00e1n Varga who said there would be no domestic violence if women had four or five children instead of only one or two during a parliamentary debate.In November 2012, when MP El\u0151d Nov\u00e1k inquired about all MPs' citizenships, Ertsey answered with irony: she said she had Israeli and Pir\u00e9sian (a fictional people) citizenships and that she had obtained her Hungarian citizenship by buying it. In 2012, Ertsey suspended her party membership. She finally left the party in March 2013.", "Q59965": "The Kingston Trio is an American folk and pop music group that helped launch the folk revival of the late 1950s to late 1960s. The group started as a San Francisco Bay Area nightclub act with an original lineup of Dave Guard, Bob Shane, and Nick Reynolds. It rose to international popularity fueled by unprecedented sales of LP records and helped alter the direction of popular music in the U.S.The Kingston Trio was one of the most prominent groups of the era's pop-folk boom that started in 1958 with the release of their first album and its hit recording of \"Tom Dooley\", which sold over three million copies as a single. The Trio released nineteen albums that made Billboard's Top 100, fourteen of which ranked in the top 10, and five of which hit the number 1 spot. Four of the group's LPs charted among the 10 top-selling albums for five weeks in November and December 1959, a record unmatched for more than 50 years, and the group still ranks in the all-time lists of many of Billboard's cumulative charts, including those for most weeks with a number 1 album, most total weeks charting an album, most number 1 albums, most consecutive number 1 albums, and most top ten albums.In 1961, the Trio was described as \"the most envied, the most imitated, and the most successful singing group, folk or otherwise, in all show business\" and \"the undisputed kings of the folksinging rage by every yardstick\". The Trio's massive record sales in its early days made acoustic folk music commercially viable, paving the way for singer-songwriter, folk rock, and Americana artists who followed in their wake.The Kingston Trio continues to tour as of 2020 with musicians who licensed the name and trademark in 2017.", "Q47583": "Gianfranco Fini (born 3 January 1952) is an Italian politician, former President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies from 2008 to 2013.\nHe was the former leader of the conservative National Alliance from 1995 to 2008 and of the post-fascist Italian Social Movement and the center-right Future and Freedom party. He was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in Silvio Berlusconi\u2019s government from 2001 to 2006.", "Q693": "Fable is a literary genre: a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphized, and that illustrates or leads to a particular moral lesson (a \"moral\"), which may at the end be added explicitly as a pithy maxim or saying.\nA fable differs from a parable in that the latter excludes animals, plants, inanimate objects, and forces of nature as actors that assume speech or other powers of humankind.\nUsage has not always been so clearly distinguished. In the King James Version of the New Testament, \"\u03bc\u1fe6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2\" (\"mythos\") was rendered by the translators as \"fable\" in the First Epistle to Timothy, the Second Epistle to Timothy, the Epistle to Titus and the First Epistle of Peter.A person who writes fables is a fabulist.", "Q390299": "The Fan is a 1996 American sports psychological thriller film directed by Tony Scott, and starring Robert De Niro and Wesley Snipes, based on the novel by Peter Abrahams. Upon release the film received mixed to negative reviews from critics and became a box office flop.", "Q642882": "The Socialist Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Socialiste e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, PS or PSSh), is a social-democratic political party in Albania; it gained power following the 2013 parliamentary election. The party seated 66 MPs in the 2009 Albanian parliament (out of a total of 140). It achieved power in 1997 following a political crisis and governmental realignment. At the 2001 parliamentary election the party secured 73 seats, which enabled it to form a government. At the general election of 3 July 2005, the Socialist Party lost its majority and the Democratic Party of Albania (PD) formed the new government, having secured, with its allies, a majority of 81 seats.\nThe Socialist Party of Albania is an associate of the Party of European Socialists (PES) and a member of the Socialist International. The official party newspaper is Z\u00ebri i Popullit, which had been the organ of its predecessor, the Communist Party of Labour of Albania.", "Q123799": "Norton Strange Townshend (December 25, 1815 \u2013 July 13, 1895) was a United States Representative from Ohio.", "Q678": "Tonga (; Tongan: [\u02c8to\u014ba] Pule\u02bbanga Fakatu\u02bbi \u02bbo Tonga), officially named the Kingdom of Tonga, is a Polynesian sovereign state and archipelago comprising 169 islands, of which 36 are inhabited. The total surface area is about 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi) scattered over 700,000 square kilometres (270,000 sq mi) of the southern Pacific Ocean. The state has a population of 100,651 people, of whom 70% reside on the main island of Tongatapu.\nTonga stretches across approximately 800 kilometres (500 mi) in a north\u2013south line. It is surrounded by Fiji and Wallis and Futuna (France) to the northwest, Samoa to the northeast, Niue to the east (which is the nearest foreign territory), Kermadec (part of New Zealand) to the southwest, and New Caledonia (France) and Vanuatu to the farther west. It is about 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi) from New Zealand's North Island.\nFrom 1900 to 1970, Tonga had British protected state status, with the United Kingdom looking after its foreign affairs under a Treaty of Friendship. The country never relinquished its sovereignty to any foreign power. In 2010, Tonga took a decisive path towards becoming a constitutional monarchy rather than a traditional absolute kingdom, after legislative reforms passed a course for the first partial representative elections.\n\n", "Q209137": "Post-rock is a form of experimental rock characterized by a focus on exploring textures and timbre over traditional rock song structures, chords, or riffs. Post-rock artists are often instrumental, typically combining rock instrumentation with electronics. The genre emerged within the indie and underground music scene of the 1980s and early 1990s. However, due to its abandonment of rock conventions, it often bears little resemblance musically to contemporary indie rock, borrowing instead from diverse sources including ambient music, electronica, jazz, krautrock, dub, and minimalist classical.Artists such as Talk Talk and Slint have been credited with producing foundational works in the style in the early 1990s. The term post-rock itself was coined by journalist Simon Reynolds in a review of the 1994 Bark Psychosis album Hex. It later solidified into a recognizable trend with the release of Tortoise's 1996 album Millions Now Living Will Never Die. The term has since been used to describe bands which differ widely in style, making the term controversial among listeners and artists alike.", "Q259700": "Phillip Alexander Glasser (born October 4, 1978) is an American producer and a former actor. He is best known for providing the voice of Fievel Mousekewitz in An American Tail and its sequel An American Tail: Fievel Goes West.", "Q46676": "ExpressJet Airlines LLC is a North American regional airline headquartered in College Park, Georgia that flies under the United Express brand for United Airlines. ExpressJet is a partially owned subsidiary of United Airlines. ExpressJet Airlines operates an all-jet fleet consisting of exclusively Embraer regional jet aircraft. \nExpressJet has flight crew bases located in Chicago, Illinois; Cleveland, Ohio; Houston, Texas; Newark, New Jersey and Knoxville, Tennessee.\nExpressJet has airport maintenance facilities in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Chicago, Illinois; Cleveland, Ohio; Houston, Texas; Newark, New Jersey; Knoxville, Tennessee, Richmond, Virginia. ExpressJet operates Embraer 145 aircraft and Embraer 175 aircraft. ExpressJet has two training centers located in Houston, Texas.", "Q78940": "Leopold Kompert (15 May 1822 \u2013 23 November 1886) was a Bohemian Jewish writer. He was born in Mnichovo Hradi\u0161t\u011b (German: M\u00fcnchengr\u00e4tz), Bohemia, and died in Vienna.\nHe studied at the universities of Prague and Vienna, and was for several years tutor in the house of Count George Andrassy. In 1857 he entered the service of the Vienna Creditanstalt. As a member of the Vienna city council Kompert displayed a useful activity in the interest of education, and likewise, as a member of the board of the Jewish congregation, in the promotion of religious instruction. He took an active part also in the Israelitische Allianz of Vienna. As vice-president of the Israelitischer Waisenverein he devoted considerable attention to the education of orphans, and used his influence in the foundation of Baron Todesco's institution for the benefit of orphans who had left the asylum. He also held for many years honorary offices in the Schillerverein.\nKompert began his literary activity in the Pressburger Zeitung. From 1848 to 1852 he was editor of the \u00d6sterreichischer Lloyd. As creator of ghetto literature he was called The Auerbach of the ghetto. His stories depicting the life, customs, and manners of the Bohemian Jews have become classical and have found many imitators. He draws the transition from the life in the narrow ghetto to the farmer's life in the open field; and he shows the struggles, doubts, and misgivings of those who, yielding to the impulse of modern times, undergo the changes of their newly chosen career. Seeing that under the leveling influence of the present day the characteristic inner Jewish life is threatened to vanish, he endeavors to preserve its originality, its deeper psychological, sentimental, and ethical spirit, for the knowledge of posterity.\nKompert's first story, Der Schnorrer, appeared in 1846 in Ludwig August Frankl's Sonntagsblatt, No. 7. Then followed\n\nGeschichten aus dem Ghetto, Leipzig, 1848;\nB\u00f6hmische Juden, Vienna, 1851;\nAm Pfluge, Berlin, 1855;\nNeue Geschichten aus dem Ghetto, Prague, 1860;\nGeschichten einer Gasse, Berlin, 1865;\nZwischen Ruinen, ib. 1873;\nFranzi und Heini, eine Wiener Geschichte, ib. 1880;\nVerstreute Geschichten, ib. 1883.In Franzi und Heini, a picture of Vienna society, the Jewish peddler Perl Bl\u00fcthenstern plays an important part. Some of these stories were first published in Wertheimer's Jahrbuch f\u00fcr Israeliten. A complete edition of Kompert's works in eight volumes appeared in Berlin, 1882\u201383, and a new edition in Leipzig, 1887.\nIn 1863, Kompert published an article by Heinrich Graetz in which Graetz interpreted Isaiah chapters 52 and 53 to refer not to the personal Messiah, but rather to the entire people Israel. Graetz and Kompert were brought to court in Vienna for publishing ideas that were heretical to Catholic faith, in addition to contradicting Jewish tradition. Viennese rabbis Isaak Noah Mannheimer and Lazar Horowitz defended Graetz, and Azriel Hildesheimer criticized them for doing so. This case, known as the \"Kompert Affair,\" was an important date in defining the wedge between Orthodox Judaism and the nascent Conservative Judaism championed by the likes of Graetz and Zecharias Frankel. See Heinrich Graetz #The Kompert Affair.", "Q3136071": "Hippolyte Fontaine (born Fran\u00e7ois-Hypolite Fontaine, 12 April 1833 in Dijon \u2013 17 February 1910 in Hy\u00e8res) was a French electrical engineer who worked with Z\u00e9nobe Gramme on the development of the Gramme machine (the first industrially viable electrical generator), and whose contributions were essential to the creation of the dynamo. He was the first to transmit electricity via electrical wires.\nDuring the Franco-Prussian War of 1870\u20131871, Fontaine managed the production of cannons in Paris. Colleagues he met in this position recommended him to Zenobe Gramme, and in 1871, Fontaine was hired to administer the newly established Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Machines magn\u00e9to-\u00e9lectriques Gramme, a corporation dedicated to the development of the Gramme machine. In this role, he accompanied Gramme to the Weltausstellung 1873 Wien, where he demonstrated the reversibility of the electrical generator and the transmission of electricity over a two-kilometre distance via copper wiring.In 1881, he helped organize the Exposition internationale d'\u00c9lectricit\u00e9 in Paris, which hosted the first international congress of electricians; in response, the French government inducted him into the L\u00e9gion d'honneur.He is buried in Cimeti\u00e8re du Montparnasse.", "Q92341": "Hans Ulrich \"Sepp\" Gumbrecht (born 1948) is a literary theorist whose work spans philology, philosophy, semiotics, literary and cultural history, and epistemologies of the everyday. As of June 14, 2018, he is Albert Gu\u00e9rard Professor Emeritus in Literature at Stanford University. Since 1989, he held the Albert Gu\u00e9rard Chair as Professor in the Departments of Comparative Literature and French and Italian in Stanford's Division of Literatures, Languages, and Cultures. By courtesy, he was also affiliated with the Departments of German Studies, Iberian and Latin American Cultures, and the Program in Modern Thought and Literature.Gumbrecht's writing on philosophy and modern thought extends from the Middle Ages to today and incorporates an array of disciplines and styles, at times combining historical and philosophical inquiry with elements of memoir. Much of Gumbrecht's scholarship has focused on national literatures in French, Spanish, Portuguese, and German, and he is known for his work on the Western philosophical tradition, the materiality of presence, shifting views of the Enlightenment, forms of aesthetic experience, and the joys of watching sports.As well as publishing academic works and teaching graduate and undergraduate students at Stanford, Gumbrecht is recognized as a public intellectual in Europe and South America and contributes to a range of newspapers and journals in English, German, Portuguese, and Spanish.", "Q282104": "Big Bang (Korean: \ube45\ubc45; stylized as BIGBANG) is a South Korean boy band formed by YG Entertainment. The group consists of four members: G-Dragon, T.O.P, Taeyang, and Daesung. Member Seungri retired from the industry on March 11, 2019. They are often cited as one of the most influential acts to shape the K-pop industry by helping spread the Korean Wave internationally and are often dubbed the \"Kings of K-pop\" by the media. Their experimental and diverse use of music genres, personal involvement in producing their own records, and stage performances have received a positive critical reception.Despite their debut album, Bigbang Vol.1 (2006), earning a lukewarm reception, success followed with a string of notable hits credited to the quintet, including \"Lies\" (Korean: \uac70\uc9d3\ub9d0), which topped major Korean music charts for a record-breaking six consecutive weeks and won Song of the Year at the 2007 Mnet Km Music Festival and the 2008 Seoul Music Awards; \"Last Farewell\" (Korean: \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \uc778\uc0ac); \"Day by Day\" (Korean: \ud558\ub8e8\ud558\ub8e8); and \"Sunset Glow\" (Korean: \ubd89\uc740\ub178\uc744). After receiving the Artist of the Year award from the 2008 Mnet Korean Music Festival and the 2008 Seoul Music Awards, the group expanded their endeavors to Japan, releasing four studio albums, Big Bang (2009), Big Bang 2 (2011), Alive (2012), and Made Series (2016), which are all certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan.\nAfter a two-year hiatus in South Korea, the quintet produced increasingly innovative and critically acclaimed recordings. Their fourth EP, Tonight (2011), led to their emergence as the inaugural Best Worldwide Act winner at the 2011 MTV Europe Music Awards. Their fifth EP, Alive (2012), became the first Korean album to chart on the Billboard 200. Their widely acclaimed third album, Made (2016), was preceded by several chart-topping singles, winning the group their third Artist of the Year award at the 2015 Mnet Asian Music Awards and their first at the 2015 Melon Music Awards. The supporting world tour gathered 1.5 million people in attendance, making it the most attended concert tour headlined by a Korean act in history at the time.Big Bang has a record of 18 number-one songs that have collectively remained atop South Korean's biggest online music service Melon for 51 weeks, more than any other act. The quintet have sold over 150 million records and counting, making them one of the biggest-selling boy-bands in the world beating out American favorites like the Backstreet Boys and the Jackson Five. Forbes Korea ranked them as one of the most powerful celebrities in South Korea in 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2016. They were also the first Korean artists to enter Forbes' Celebrity 100 and the 30 under 30 list of most influential musicians in the world, in 2016 and 2017, respectively.", "Q443503": "Michele Watley, better known by her stage name Midori (born July 19, 1968), is an American singer, dancer, model, actress and former pornographic actress. She was inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame in 2009. She was the first African-American woman to win an AVN award, when she was named \"Best Supporting Actress\" in 2001. Watley was also named one of the top 10 \"hottest black porn stars\" of all time by Complex and The Independent named her \"the queen of the black hardcore market.\"", "Q67860": "Oberburg is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q178010": "John Joseph Corbett (born May 9, 1961) is an American actor and country music singer. He is known for his roles as Chris Stevens on CBS' Northern Exposure and as Aidan Shaw on HBO's Sex and the City. He reprised the latter role for the film sequel Sex and the City 2 (2010). Corbett also portrayed the male lead, Ian Miller, in the romantic comedy film My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002) and its 2016 sequel.\nCorbett starred as Max Gregson on Showtime's United States of Tara, recurred as Seth Holt on NBC's Parenthood, and starred as Josiah \"Flash\" Bacon on FX's Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll. Aside from acting, Corbett has released two country albums, including his Billboard-charting self-titled debut.", "Q42410": "Juan Evo Morales Ayma (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8e\u03b2o mo\u02c8\u027eales]; born October 26, 1959) is a Bolivian politician and former \ncocalero activist who served as the President of Bolivia from 2006 to 2019. Widely regarded as the country's first president to come from its indigenous population, his administration focused on the implementation of leftist policies, poverty reduction, and combating the influence of the United States and multinational corporations in Bolivia. A socialist, he is the head of the Movement for Socialism (MAS) party.\nBorn to an Aymara family of subsistence farmers in Isallawi, Orinoca Canton, Morales undertook a basic education before mandatory military service, in 1978 moving to Chapare Province. Growing coca and becoming a trade unionist, he rose to prominence in the campesino (\"rural laborers\") union. In that capacity, he campaigned against U.S. and Bolivian attempts to eradicate coca as part of the War on Drugs, denouncing these as an imperialist violation of indigenous Andean culture. His involvement in anti-government direct action protests resulted in multiple arrests. Morales entered electoral politics in 1995, became the leader of the MAS, and was elected to Congress in 1997. Coupled with populist rhetoric, his campaign focused on issues affecting indigenous and poor communities, advocating land reform and the more equal redistribution of gas wealth. He gained increased visibility through the Cochabamba Water War and gas conflict. In 2002, he was expelled from Congress for encouraging anti-government protesters, although he came second in that year's presidential election.\nOnce elected in 2005, Morales increased taxation on the hydrocarbon industry to bolster social spending and emphasized projects to combat illiteracy, poverty, racism, and sexism. Vocally criticizing neoliberalism, Morales' government moved Bolivia towards a mixed economy, reduced its dependence on the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, and oversaw strong economic growth. Scaling back U.S. influence in the country, he built relationships with leftist governments in the Latin American pink tide\u2014especially Hugo Ch\u00e1vez's Venezuela and Fidel Castro's Cuba\u2014and signed Bolivia into the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas. His administration opposed the right-wing autonomist demands of Bolivia's eastern provinces, won a 2008 recall referendum, and instituted a new constitution that established Bolivia as a plurinational state. Re-elected in 2009 and 2014, he oversaw Bolivia's admission to the Bank of the South and Community of Latin American and Caribbean States although his popularity was dented by attempts to abolish presidential term limits. Following the disputed 2019 general election and the ensuing unrest, Morales agreed to military calls for his resignation, after which he was granted political asylum, first in Mexico, then in Argentina. \nMorales was decorated with various international awards and received praise both for overseeing economic growth and for significantly reducing poverty and illiteracy in Bolivia. His supporters lauded him as a champion of indigenous rights, anti-imperialism, and environmentalism. He faced accusations that his defence of coca contributed to illegal cocaine production and that his calls for domestic protest represented sedition and terrorism.", "Q382676": "John Greaves (born 23 February 1950) is a British bass guitarist and composer who was a member of Henry Cow and who has collaborated with Peter Blegvad. He was also a member of National Health and Soft Heap, and has recorded several solo albums, including Accident (1982), Parrot Fashions (1984), The Caretaker (2001) and Greaves Verlaine (2008).", "Q9734": "A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often written by composers for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony).", "Q316765": "Olivier Weber (born 1958) is an award-winning French writer, novelist and reporter at large, known primarily for his coverage of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. He has been a war correspondent for twenty-five years, especially in Central Asia, Africa, Middle-East and Iraq. He is an assistant professor at the Institut d'\u00e9tudes politiques de Paris, president of the Prize Joseph Kessel and today ambassador of France at large. Weber has won several national and international awards of literature and journalism, in particular for his stories on Afghanistan and for his books on wars. His novels, travels writing books and essays have been translated in a dozen of languages.", "Q62918": "Fazlur Rahman Khan (Bengali: \u09ab\u099c\u09b2\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b0\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0996\u09be\u09a8, Fozlur R\u00f4hman Khan) (3 April 1929 \u2013 27 March 1982) was a Bangladeshi-American structural engineer and architect, who initiated important structural systems for skyscrapers. Considered the \"father of tubular designs\" for high-rises, Khan was also a pioneer in computer-aided design (CAD). He was the designer of the Sears Tower, since renamed Willis Tower, the tallest building in the world from 1973 until 1998, and the 100-story John Hancock Center.\nKhan, more than any other individual, ushered in a renaissance in skyscraper construction during the second half of the 20th century. He has been called the \"Einstein of structural engineering\" and the \"Greatest Structural Engineer of the 20th Century\" for his innovative use of structural systems that remain fundamental to modern skyscraper design and construction. In his honor, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat established the Fazlur Khan Lifetime Achievement Medal, as one of their CTBUH Skyscraper Awards.\nAlthough best known for skyscrapers, Khan was also an active designer of other kinds of structures, including the Hajj airport terminal, the McMath\u2013Pierce solar telescope, and several stadium structures.", "Q427091": "The Brave One is a 2007 American psychological thriller film directed by Neil Jordan and written by Roderick Taylor, Bruce A. Taylor and Cynthia Mort. The film stars Jodie Foster as Erica Bain, a New York City radio host who along with her partner, is severely beaten by thugs, leading to the latter's death. Terrified for her safety, she buys a pistol. Armed with the gun, she undergoes a personality transformation and becomes a vigilante, shooting a number of criminals. Detective Sean Mercer (Howard) investigates the vigilante shootings, which lead him closer and closer to Bain. The film features Naveen Andrews, Terrence Howard, Nicky Katt, Zo\u00eb Kravitz, Mary Steenburgen and Luis Da Silva in supporting roles.\nThe Brave One was released in the United States on September 14, 2007. The film received mixed reviews from critics who acclaimed Foster's performance but criticized its execution. It was a box office success grossing over $170 million worldwide. At the 65th Golden Globe Awards, Foster received a nomination for Best Actress Motion Picture in a Drama.", "Q383568": "The University of Valencia (Valencian: Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia [unive\u027esi\u02c8tad de va\u02c8lensia]; also known by the acronym UV) is a university located in the Spanish city of Valencia. It is one of the oldest surviving universities in Spain, and the oldest in the Valencian Community, and is regarded as one of Spain's leading academic institutions. The University was founded in 1499, and currently has around 55,000 students. Most of the courses are given through the medium of Spanish, but the university has promised to increase the number of courses available in Valencian. Moreover, in some degrees part of the teaching is in English.\nIt is located in the Mediterranean Spanish baseline, in the city of Valencia which is the capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain, with a population of 829,705 in 2014. One of its campuses is located in the metropolitan area of Valencia, in the municipalities of Burjassot and Paterna.\nThere are three campuses:\n\nThe Burjassot Campus houses the colleges of Biology, Pharmacy, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and the School of Engineering.\nOn the Avenida de Blasco Iba\u00f1ez Campus the Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Philosophy and Educational Sciences, Psychology, Geography and History, Languages, Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Nursing.\nThe third campus, Tarongers, houses the Schools of Law, Economics and Business, Social Sciences, and recently the School of Elementary Teacher Training, which moved from its previous location near the Blasco Iba\u00f1ez Campus.The current chancellor is Esteban Morcillo S\u00e1nchez.", "Q4705647": "Alain Dolium (born 11 December 1967) is a French businessman, politician and a member of the MoDem.Born to Antillean parents, he declares himself 'multicultural'. He was a successful businessman, notably serving in think-tanks committed to the integration of French suburban youth through affirmative action. Politically, he declared that he voted for Socialist candidate Lionel Jospin in 2002 but for centrist candidate Fran\u00e7ois Bayrou in the first round of 2007 election before voting for Socialist S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne Royal in the runoff. He joined Bayrou's MoDem in 2008.\nIn 2009, he was selected to be the MoDem's candidate in \u00cele-de-France for the 2010 regional elections.", "Q23944": "Mark Eugene Amodei (; born June 12, 1958) is an American politician who has been the United States Representative for Nevada's second congressional district since 2011. Amodei, the only Republican in Nevada's congressional delegation, previously served in the Nevada Assembly from 1997 to 1999 and in the Nevada Senate, representing the Capital District, from 1999 to 2010. After public office as state Senator, he served as chairman of the Nevada Republican Party until May 2011, when he stepped down in order to pursue the Republican nomination for Congress. Amodei was the Republican candidate for the special election held on September 13, 2011, to replace Dean Heller in Nevada's second congressional district. He became the Dean of Nevada's congressional delegation once Heller left the U.S. Senate, although Dina Titus served one term in the House before he was first elected.", "Q65911": "Harry Heinz Schwarz (13 May 1924 \u2013 5 February 2010) was a South African lawyer, statesman and long-time political opposition leader against apartheid in South Africa, who eventually served as the South African Ambassador to the United States during the country's transition to majority rule.\nSchwarz rose from the childhood poverty he experienced as a German-Jewish refugee to become a lawyer and a member of the Transvaal Provincial Council, where from 1963 to 1974, he was Leader of the Opposition. In the 1964 Rivonia Trial he was a defence lawyer. Advocating a more aggressive political opposition to the National Party's racial policies in the 1960s and 1970s, as Leader of the United Party in Transvaal and leader of the liberal \"Young Turks\", he clashed with the United Party establishment. He pioneered the call in white politics for a negotiated end to apartheid and in 1974 signed the Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith with Mangosuthu Buthelezi for a non-racial democratic society in South Africa. He was in the opposition for over 40 years and was a founding member of the Democratic Party. In light of his record, his appointment as South African Ambassador to the United States in 1990 was widely heralded as symbolic of the government's commitment to ending apartheid, and played a significant role in renewing the nation's image as the new democratic South Africa.As a South African Air Force World War II veteran during the 1950s, Schwarz co-founded the Torch Commando, an ex-soldiers' movement to protest against the disenfranchisement of coloured people in South Africa. Described as South Africa's \"most feisty politician\" and a political \"maverick\", he was known for his parliamentary clashes with the apartheid government over its racial and economic policies. In his political career spanning 43 years, in which he gained respect from across the political spectrum, he never lost an election. In 1988 he received the Order for Meritorious Service and received several Honorary Doctorates. He was also one of the South African Jewish community's foremost leaders and spoke out strongly against anti-semitism.Schwarz was described by the University of Stellenbosch as \"one of the conceptual and moral fathers of the new South Africa\" in the sense that he had not only been one of apartheid's most prominent opponents, but his ideas and the initiatives he had taken had played a key role in the development of the concept of a negotiated democracy in South Africa, based on the principles of freedom and justice. Nelson Mandela, a friend of his whom he visited while in prison, described him as a \"champion of the poor\".", "Q3058964": "Esther Dale (November 10, 1885 \u2013 July 23, 1961) was an American actress of the stage and screen, best known perhaps for her role as Aunt Genevieve in the 1935 Shirley Temple vehicle, Curly Top.", "Q3076441": "James Sacra Albus (May 4, 1935 \u2013 April 17, 2011) was an American engineer, Senior NIST Fellow and founder and former chief of the Intelligent Systems Division of the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).", "Q44707": "William Frederick Durst (born August 20, 1970) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, producer, actor, and film director. He is best known as the frontman of the rap rock band Limp Bizkit, formed in 1994, with whom he has released six studio albums. \nSince 2006, Durst has worked on independent films. He costarred in Population 436, and made his directorial debut in 2007, with The Education of Charlie Banks. He followed with The Longshots in 2008. His latest film, The Fanatic, came out in 2019.", "Q349507": "Apostolo Zeno (11 December 1669 in Venice \u2013 11 November 1750 in Venice) was a Venetian poet, librettist, journalist, and man of letters.", "Q32849": "Aliaume Damala Badara Akon Thiam (; born April 16, 1973), known mononymously as Akon, is a Senegalese-American singer, songwriter, record producer, entrepreneur, philanthropist and actor from New Jersey. He rose to prominence in 2004 following the release of \"Locked Up\", the first single from his debut album, Trouble.\nHe has since founded two successful record labels, Konvict Muzik and KonLive Distribution. The labels served as a stepping stone for many soon-to-be successful acts, such as Lady Gaga, T-Pain, R. City, Kardinall Offishall, and Red Caf\u00e9. His second album, Konvicted received three nominations for the Grammy Awards in two categories, Best Contemporary R&B Album for Konvicted album and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for \"Smack That\" and \"I Wanna Love You\".\nHe is the first solo artist to hold both the number one and two spots simultaneously on the Billboard Hot 100 charts twice. Akon has had four songs certified as 3\u00d7 platinum, three songs certified as 2\u00d7 platinum, more than ten songs certified as 1\u00d7 platinum and more than ten songs certified as gold in digital sales. Akon has sung songs in other languages including Hindi and Spanish. He was listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the #1 selling artist for master ringtones in the world.\nAkon often provides vocals as a featured artist and is currently credited with over 300 guest appearances and more than 35 Billboard Hot 100 songs, resulting in five Grammy Awards nominations. He has released 6 solo albums and has handled the majority of production on his solo work and guest features. Alongside this, he also produced records mainly for artists on his respective labels, as well as for other artists such as Michael Jackson, Snoop Dogg, Lionel Richie, Leona Lewis, Sean Paul and Whitney Houston.\nForbes ranked Akon 80th (Power Rank) in Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2010 and 5th in 40 Most Powerful Celebrities in Africa list, in 2011. Billboard ranked Akon No. 6 on the list of Top Digital Songs Artists of the decade.", "Q4564567": "Washington College is a private liberal arts college in Chestertown, Maryland. Maryland granted Washington College its charter in 1782. George Washington supported the founding of the college by consenting to have the \"College at Chester\" named in his honor, through generous financial support, and through service on the college's Board of Visitors and Governors. Washington College is the 10th-oldest college in the United States and was the first college chartered after American independence. The school became coeducational in 1891.", "Q159960": "Alexej Pludek (1923-2002) was a Czech writer. He was born in Prost\u011bjov on 29 January 1923. In 1950 his play \"P\u0159\u00edpad Modr\u00e1 Voda\" (The Blue Water case) was shown on stage of \"stage D50\".", "Q160139": "Mauthausen was a Nazi concentration camp on a hill above the market town of Mauthausen (roughly 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Linz, Upper Austria). It was the main camp of a group with nearly 100 further subcamps located throughout Austria and southern Germany. The three Gusen concentration camps in and around the village of St Georgen/Gusen, just a few kilometres from Mauthausen, held a significant proportion of prisoners within the camp complex, at times exceeding the number of prisoners at the Mauthausen main camp.\nThe Mauthausen main camp operated from the time of the Anschluss, when Austria was united with Nazi Germany on 8 August 1938, to 5 May 1945, at the end of the Second World War. Starting with the camp at Mauthausen, the number of subcamps expanded over time and by the summer of 1940 Mauthausen and its subcamps had become one of the largest labour camp complexes in the German-controlled part of Europe. As at other Nazi concentration camps, the inmates at Mauthausen and its subcamps were forced to work as slave labour, under conditions that caused many deaths. Mauthausen and its subcamps included quarries, munitions factories, mines, arms factories and plants assembling Me 262 fighter aircraft. In January 1945, the camps contained roughly 85,000 inmates. The death toll remains unknown, although most sources place it between 122,766 and 320,000 for the entire complex.\nMauthausen was one of the first massive concentration camp complexes in Nazi Germany, and the last to be liberated by the Allies. The two largest camps, Mauthausen and Gusen I, were classed as \"Grade III\" (Stufe III) concentration camps, which meant that they were intended to be the toughest camps for the \"incorrigible political enemies of the Reich\". Mauthausen never lost this Stufe III classification. In the offices of the Reich Main Security Office (Reichssicherheitshauptamt; RSHA) it was referred to by the nickname Knochenm\u00fchle \u2013 the bone-grinder (literally bone-mill). Unlike many other concentration camps, which were intended for all categories of prisoners, Mauthausen was mostly used for extermination through labour of the intelligentsia \u2013 educated people and members of the higher social classes in countries subjugated by the Nazi regime during World War II. The Mauthausen main camp is now a museum.", "Q87994": "Dimitr\u00e9 Dinev (Bulgarian: \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u0414\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0432) (born 1968 in Plovdiv, Bulgaria) is a Bulgarian-born Austrian writer. He is best known for his play Kozha i nebe (Skin and sky), which controversially won the Askeer prize in 2007.Although he was born in Plovdiv, Dinev grew up and spent his childhood in the city of Pazardzhik. He attended the Bertold Brecht school of German language until his graduation in 1987. It was here that he discovered and cultivated his love of writing and German literature.\nDinev left Bulgaria in 1990 due to the poor economic situation that arose in the country after the fall of the People's Republic of Bulgaria. At this time he migrated to Austria, where he began his new life in Traiskirchen; a city just south of Vienna that served as a registration point for many immigrants to the country. In Vienna, Dinev studied philosophy and Russian language, which he financed by doing part-time work.\nSince 1991, Dinev has built his career as an author, poet and screenwriter, working almost exclusively in the German language; a departure from his previous works, which had been written in his native Bulgarian.Dinev is also an outspoken advocate for immigrants and refugees in Austria. A popular theme with Dinev is the experience and plight of transnational migrants, which he expresses in his stories. These are often based on his own experience fleeing from poverty in his native land and adapting to life in a foreign country.", "Q114860": "Patricia Wrightson OBE (19 June 1921 \u2013 15 March 2010) was an Australian writer of several highly regarded and influential children's books. Her reputation came to rest largely on her magic realist titles. Her books, including the widely praised The Nargun and the Stars (1973), were among the first Australian books for children to draw on Australian Aboriginal mythology. Her 27 books have been published in 16 languages.For her \"lasting contribution\" as a children's writer she received the biennial Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1986.", "Q60869": "G\u00fcnter Eich (German: [\u02c8\u0261\u028fnt\u0250 \u02c8a\u026a\u00e7]; 1 February 1907 \u2013 20 December 1972) was a German lyricist, dramatist, and author. He was born in Lebus, on the Oder River, and educated in Leipzig, Berlin, and Paris.", "Q2107": "Wuppertal (German pronunciation: [\u02c8v\u028ap\u0250ta\u02d0l] (listen)) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in and around the Wupper valley, east of D\u00fcsseldorf and south of the Ruhr. With a population of approximately 350,000, it is the largest city in the Bergisches Land. Wuppertal is known for its steep slopes, its woods and parks, and its suspension railway, the Wuppertal Schwebebahn. It is the greenest city of Germany, with two-thirds green space of the total municipal area. From any part of the city, it is only a ten-minute walk to one of the public parks or woodland paths.\nIn the 18th and 19th centuries, the Wupper valley was one of the largest industrial regions of continental Europe. The increasing demand for coal from the textile mills and blacksmith shops encouraged the expansion of the nearby Ruhrgebiet. Wuppertal still is a major industrial centre, being home to industries such as textiles, metallurgy, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electronics, automobiles, rubber, vehicles and printing equipment.\nAspirin originates from Wuppertal, patented in 1897 by Bayer, as is the Vorwerk-Kobold vacuum cleaner.The Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy and the European Institute for International Economic Relations are located in the city.", "Q1371289": "Mark Neil Brown (born November 18, 1951) is an American engineer, retired colonel in the United States Air Force and former NASA astronaut. Brown spent a total of ten days in space, over two five day missions.\n\n", "Q1025106": "Republic Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group (UMG). It was founded by Avery Lipman and Monte Lipman as an independent label in 1995, and was acquired by UMG in 2000. Republic was initially an imprint of the Universal/Motown Records Group, and was renamed Universal Republic Records after a reorganization in 2006 before reverting to its original name in 2012.Notable artists signed to Republic Records include Taylor Swift, Post Malone, Drake, Ariana Grande, The Weeknd, Nicki Minaj, Lil Wayne, Lorde, Amy Winehouse, Jessie J, Florence and the Machine, Greta Van Fleet, Black Veil Brides, MIKA, Lindsay Lohan, Conan Gray, Christina Grimmie, Hailee Steinfeld, Julia Michaels and 3 Doors Down. Its country music subsidiary Republic Nashville has signed Florida Georgia Line as well as The Band Perry.", "Q1086861": "Sidney James (born Solomon Joel Cohen; 8 May 1913 \u2013 26 April 1976) was a British character and comic actor born into a middle-class Jewish family in South Africa.Appearing in British films from 1947, he was cast in numerous small and supporting roles into the 1950s. His profile was raised as Tony Hancock's co-star in Hancock's Half Hour, first in the radio series and later when it was adapted for television and ran from 1954 to 1960. Afterwards, he became known as a regular performer in the Carry On films, appearing in nineteen films of the series, with the top billing role in 17 (in the other two he was cast below Frankie Howerd). Meanwhile, his starring roles in television sitcoms continued for the rest of his life. He starred alongside Diana Coupland in the 1970s sitcom Bless This House until his death in 1976.\nRemembered for a lascivious persona in the Carry On films, with the Snopes website describing him as \"the grand old man of dirty laughter\", he became known for his amiability in his later television work. Bruce Forsyth described him as \"a natural at being natural\".On 26 April 1976, while touring in The Mating Season, James suffered a heart attack while performing on stage at the Sunderland Empire Theatre; he died in hospital an hour later. Some, including comedian Les Dawson, claim to have seen the ghost of James at the theatre, and subsequently refused to appear at the theatre again.", "Q1780939": "Lars Gathenhielm (1689\u20131718) was a Swedish captain, commander, shipowner merchant, and privateer.", "Q267188": "\"Big Bill\" Lister (January 5, 1923 \u2013 December 1, 2009) was an American honky tonk country music singer. Born Weldon E. Lister, he was nicknamed \"Radio's Tallest Singing Cowboy,\" standing over 6-foot-7 without his cowboy boots and hat.", "Q4559180": "Mona Scobie R\u00f8kke (3 March 1940 \u2013 13 July 2013) was a Norwegian and politician for the Conservative Party. She was the Minister of Justice from 1981 to 1985.\n\n", "Q879216": "The Braunschweig University of Art (Hochschule f\u00fcr Bildende K\u00fcnste Braunschweig, HBK) is the second largest College of Fine Arts in Germany.", "Q219442": "A Walk to Remember is a 2002 American coming-of-age romance film directed by Adam Shankman and written by Karen Janszen, based on Nicholas Sparks' 1999 novel of the same name. The film stars Shane West, Mandy Moore, Peter Coyote and Daryl Hannah, and was produced by Denise Di Novi and Hunt Lowry for Warner Bros. Pictures.\nThe novel's 1950s setting was changed to the 1990s for the film, as the producers were concerned it might not appeal to teenage audiences. The film was shot for 39 days in Wilmington, North Carolina, with many of the sets borrowed from the television series Dawson's Creek. The film, as with the book, is dedicated to Sparks' sister Danielle, whose cancer-afflicted life inspired the story.\nA Walk to Remember was theatrically released on January 25, 2002, and was a box office success, earning four times its $11.8 million budget. The film had its DVD release in July 2002, while a \"Family-Edited Version\" was later released in December. The film received generally negative reviews from critics, most of whom criticized its blandness and predictability, while others praised its sincerity and the lead actors' performances.", "Q174158": "The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Hebrew: \u05d4\u05b7\u05d0\u05d5\u05bc\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05d1\u05b6\u05e8\u05b0\u05e1\u05b4\u05d9\u05d8\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05b7\u05e2\u05b4\u05d1\u05b0\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05d9\u05b0\u05e8\u05d5\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05dc\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05dd, Ha-Universita ha-Ivrit bi-Yerushalayim; abbreviated HUJI) is Israel's second-oldest university, established in 1918, 30 years before the establishment of the State of Israel. The Hebrew University has three campuses in Jerusalem and one in Rehovot. The world's largest Jewish studies library, the National Library of Israel, is located on its Edmond J. Safra Givat Ram campus.\nThe university has 5 affiliated teaching hospitals including the Hadassah Medical Center, 7 faculties, more than 100 research centers, and 315 academic departments. As of 2018, a third of all the doctoral candidates in Israel were studying at the Hebrew University.\nThe first Board of Governors included Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Martin Buber, and Chaim Weizmann. Four of Israel's prime ministers are alumni of the Hebrew University. As of 2018, 15 Nobel Prize winners, 2 Fields Medalists, and 3 Turing Award winners have been affiliated with the University.", "Q432488": "Dennis Gerrard Stephen Doherty (November 29, 1940 \u2013 January 19, 2007) was a Canadian musician, singer, songwriter and actor. He was most widely known as a founding member of the 1960s musical group The Mamas & the Papas.", "Q92433": "Ernst Heilmann (13 April 1881 \u2013 3 April 1940) was a German jurist and politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.\nBorn in Berlin in what was then Prussia, Heilmann attended the University of Berlin, majoring in law and political science. In World War I, he was a proponent of the German party truce (Burgfriedenspolitik). Heilman gained a seat in the Reichstag in the 1928 German federal election. Not long after Hitler and the Nazi's seized power (Machtergreifung), Heilmann was arrested by the Gestapo and imprisoned in the first of a series of concentration camps in which he was to spend nearly seven years. From September 1938 on he was kept in Buchenwald concentration camp, where he was executed in April 1940.", "Q173637": "O'Shea Jackson (born June 15, 1969), known professionally by his stage name Ice Cube, is an American rapper, actor, producer, director and writer. Ice Cube initially gained recognition in 1986 as a member of the hip hop group N.W.A., which gained commercial success prior to disbanding around the time N.W.A formed. Ice Cube, alongside Dr. Dre and Eazy E, formed the group N.W.A, where he gained extreme notoriety as the group's primary songwriter and performer, noted for becoming one of the founding artists of gangsta rap, and pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music, as well as visual imagery in music videos.After leaving N.W.A in December 1989, Ice Cube embarked on a successful solo career, releasing the albums AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted (1990) and Death Certificate (1991), both of which have attained platinum certification in the United States, while also being classed as defining albums of the 1990s. Much of his musical output has contained harsh socio-political commentary and storytelling, which has earned him several accolades from multiple publications and artists, often cited as an influence and one of the best rappers of all time.Following the release of Death Certificate, Ice Cube transitioned into film, where his popularity was further enhanced by his starring role in Boyz n the Hood (1991), where his performance was heavily praised. He also wrote and starred in the Friday film series, which contributed to reinventing his public image as a movie star. Ice Cube has also featured in the Barbershop, Ride Along, and XXX film series, while also serving as a producer to several other films, including Straight Outta Compton (2015), a biographical film depicting the career of N.W.A..\nAs a businessman, Ice Cube has founded his clothing line, Solo by Cube, as well as the 3 on 3 basketball league Big3, which primarily features retired NBA players.", "Q206576": "Hugo is a 2011 American adventure drama film with steampunk influences directed and produced by Martin Scorsese, and adapted for the screen by John Logan. Based on Brian Selznick's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret, it tells the story of a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s.\nHugo is Scorsese's first film shot in 3D, about which the filmmaker remarked, \"I found 3D to be really interesting, because the actors were more upfront emotionally. Their slightest move, their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely.\" The film was released in the United States on November 23, 2011.Hugo received critical acclaim and 11 Academy Award nominations (including Best Picture), more than any other film that year, and it won five awards: Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, Best Sound Mixing, Best Sound Editing, and Best Visual Effects. It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs, and won two of the eight, and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards, earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director. Despite the acclaim and accolades, the film was a box office bomb, which grossed $185 million against its $150\u2013$170 million budget.\n\n", "Q240523": "Kasseem Dean (born September 13, 1978), known professionally as Swizz Beatz, is an American hip hop recording artist, DJ, record producer, art collector, and entrepreneur from New York City. Born and raised in The Bronx, Dean began his musical career as a disc jockey (DJ). At the age of 18, he gained recognition in the hip hop industry through his friendship and work with East Coast rapper DMX and his family's Ruff Ryders Entertainment record label. Dean later found a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 in Philadelphia-based rapper Cassidy, whose success helped the launch of his own label imprint, Full Surface Records in 1999. He went on to sign multiple artists to the label, including Eve, Mashonda, and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. Dean also released two albums under the label; the first was a compilation, titled Swizz Beatz Presents G.H.E.T.T.O. Stories, released in 2002, and later his debut studio album, One Man Band Man in 2007. In November 2018, Dean released his second studio album, Poison, featuring collaborations with multiple hip hop artists.\nDean has produced many hit singles for a number of prominent artists across different music genres, such as hip hop, pop, soul and R&B. With a career spanning two decades, his catalog includes \"Ruff Ryders' Anthem\" and \"Party Up (Up in Here)\" (DMX), \"Gotta Man\" (Eve), \"Jigga My Nigga\" and \"Girl's Best Friend\" (Jay-Z), \"Upgrade U\", \"Check on It\" and \"Ring the Alarm\" (Beyonc\u00e9), \"Good Times\" (Styles P), \"Bring 'Em Out\" and \"Swing Ya Rag\" (T.I.), \"Hotel\" and \"I'm a Hustla\" (Cassidy), \"Touch It\" (Busta Rhymes) and \"Ultralight Beam\" (Kanye West), among others.\nDean was named the first \"Producer in Residence\" at New York University, for the 2010\u201311 academic year. About.com ranked him number 27 on its list of the \"Top 50 Greatest Hip-Hop Producers,\" and The Source included him on its list of the \"20 greatest producers\" in the magazine's 20-year history. Fellow American rapper and producer Kanye West called Dean \"the best rap producer of all time.\" Aside from music, Dean has also added multiple entrepreneurial endeavors to his repertoire, including fashion design, art collecting, and board directing. He's been a member of trustees at the Brooklyn Museum since 2015, and a creative director for the companies Monster Cable and Reebok. Dean is married to American musician Alicia Keys, with whom he has two children. The two were featured in their first cover shoot in 2018 for Cultured Magazine.", "Q105979": "Gudrun Gut (born 20 May 1957) is a German electronic musician, DJ, presenter, music producer and founder of the Monika Enterprise .\nShe grew up in the L\u00fcneburger Heide and moved to West Berlin in 1975, where she studied visual arts at the Hochschule der K\u00fcnste from 1978 to 1984. She was an early member of Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten and a founding member of music groups Mania D, Malaria! and Matador. She is the head of the labels Monika Enterprise and Moabit Musik. She co-presented the Oceanclub weekly radio program in Berlin with Thomas Fehlmann. Her debut solo album, I Put a Record On was released on February 5, 2007. Music critics saluted the openness and approachability of the music on the record.According to The Wire magazine's April 2008 issue, which featured Gudrun Gut on the cover, \"this 'dilettante' has genially hosted Berlin's new music scene for 30 years\".\n\n", "Q778539": "Keigo Oyamada (\u5c0f\u5c71\u7530 \u572d\u543e, Oyamada Keigo, born January 27, 1969), also known by his moniker Cornelius (CORNELIUS\uff08\u30b3\u30fc\u30cd\u30ea\u30a2\u30b9\uff09, K\u014dneriasu), is a Japanese musician and producer who co-founded Flipper's Guitar, an influential Shibuya-kei band, and subsequently embarked on a solo career. In 1997, he released the album Fantasma, which landed him praise from American music critics, who called him a \"modern-day Brian Wilson\" or the \"Japanese Beck\".", "Q271926": "Claudia Karvan (born 1972) is an Australian actress, best known for her roles in the television series The Secret Life of Us, Newton's Law and Love My Way. She was also a producer and writer on Love My Way. \nKarvan was inducted into the Australian Film Walk of Fame in 2007 in acknowledgment of her contributions to the Australian film and television industry. From 2010 to 2011, she starred in the drama series Spirited. She appeared as Judy Vickers in Puberty Blues.\n\n", "Q1349702": "Randal Joseph \"Joey\" Cape (born November 16, 1966) is an American singer, songwriter and producer. Active since 1989, Cape is best known as the frontman of the California punk rock band Lagwagon.\nCape released his first solo album, Bridge, on October 21, 2008 on Suburban Home Records. His second album Doesn't Play Well with Others, was self-released in February 2011, after he released each song on the album each month of 2010, collecting them all on CD and vinyl in the end of 2010.", "Q48129": "Vasily Konstantinovich Blyukher also spelled Bliukher, Bl\u00fccher, etc. (1 December 1889 \u2013 9 November 1938) was a Soviet military commander.", "Q4991371": "A soldier is one who fights as part of an army. A soldier can be a conscripted or volunteer enlisted person, a non-commissioned officer, or an officer. An individual who fights on behalf of a polity which is not their own, is referred to as a mercenary.", "Q239786": "Alexzandra Spencer \"Alexz\" Johnson (born November 4, 1986) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, record producer, actress and philanthropist. Her debut album Voodoo was independently released in 2010, followed by the demo release of The Basement Recordings in 2011, with its sequel, The Basement Recordings II, and EP Skipping Stone in 2012. The Basement Recordings III was released in 2013. A follow-up extended play Heart followed in 2014; with her sophomore effort Let 'Em Eat Cake being released October of that year. Johnson's third studio album A Stranger Time was released in 2017. She announced in late 2019 an upcoming fourth studio album, that is currently in the mastering phase.\nShe is best known for her roles as Jude Harrison in the CTV series Instant Star, as Annie Thelen in the Disney Channel series So Weird, and as Erin Ulmer in the 2006 horror film Final Destination 3. She was nominated three times for a Gemini Award for Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series (Instant Star), winning the award in 2008.", "Q625158": "Kaunas University of Technology (KTU) is a public research university located in Kaunas, Lithuania.\nInitially established on January 27, 1920, the school was known as \"Higher Courses\". With an increased rate of staffing and attendance, the school was instituted as the first independent higher education institution within Lithuania by the government on February 16, 1922. Renamed Vytautas Magnus in 1930, the university specialized in four areas: civil engineering, mechanics, electrical engineering, and chemical technology. The turmoil of World War II brought combinations of Soviet, then German, and finally Soviet re-occupation, numerous name changes and an eventual closing of the university in 1943. After re-occupation by the Soviets in 1944, the University reopened and eventually reformed into Kaunas Polytechnic Institute (KPI) and Kaunas Medical Institute in 1946. Under the influence of Perestroika, the Soviet Lithuanian government reinstated the school's university status, and it was renamed the Kaunas University of Technology (KTU). Independence from the Soviet Union brought rapid westernization with a flexible module/credit system and membership to many Western European organizations.", "Q4562": "O-Zone is a Moldovan Eurodance trio that was active from 1998 to 2005 and consisted of Dan Balan, Radu S\u00eerbu and Arsenie Todira\u0219. The group gained global popularity with their song \"Dragostea Din Tei\" and their subsequent album DiscO-Zone. The group re-united in 2017 for 2 concerts in Chi\u0219in\u0103u and Bucharest.\n\n", "Q108285": "Johannes Heinrich August Ebrard (18 January 1818 \u2013 23 July 1888) was a German Protestant theologian.", "Q545172": "Matthew George Frewer (born January 4, 1958) is a Canadian-American actor, singer and comedian. He portrayed the 1980s icon Max Headroom and Doctor Leekie in the Canadian science fiction drama Orphan Black (2013\u20132017).\nFrewer's more recent performances include a portrayal of \"General #2\" in the Steven Spielberg picture The BFG (2016) and the character Carnage in the Netflix series Altered Carbon in 2018 and Logan in Fear the Walking Dead (2019).", "Q311778": "John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton, 13th Marquess of Groppoli, (10 January 1834 \u2013 19 June 1902) was an English Catholic historian, politician, and writer. He was the only son of Sir Ferdinand Dalberg-Acton, 7th Baronet, and a grandson of the Neapolitan admiral and prime minister Sir John Acton, 6th Baronet. Between 1837 and 1869 he was known as Sir John Dalberg-Acton, 8th Baronet.\nHe is perhaps best known for the remark, \"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men...\", which he made in a letter to an Anglican bishop.", "Q957855": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Lemoine (born 27 June 1965) is a French businessman. He was Chairman of Wendel\u2019s Executive Board from April 2009 until December 2017. He was a member of the Supervisory Board of Wendel from June 2008 to April 2009. Since April 2009, he has been a board member of Saint-Gobain. Since January 2011, he has been a board member of Insead. Since 2014, he has been a board member of Orchestre \u00e0 l'Ecole. \n\n", "Q157959": "Leszek Engelking (born 2 February 1955, Bytom, Upper Silesia) is a Polish poet, short-story writer, critic, essayist, scholar, and translator.\nHe graduated from Warsaw University (1979). He received his doctorate in 2002, his postdoctoral degree in 2013. From 1984-95, he was a member of an editorial staff of \"Literatura na \u015awiecie\" (\"Literature in the World\"), a Polish monthly devoted to foreign literature. From 1997\u201398, he was a lecturer at Warsaw University and a visiting professor at Palack\u00fd University, Olomouc (Czech Republic). He now teaches at the University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a (http://www.kulturoznawstwo.uni.lodz.pl/pracownicy).\nHe is a member of Stowarzyszenie Pisarzy Polskich (Association of Polish Writers; since 1989)\n, the Polish PEN Club (since 2000) and of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Europe\u00e9nne de Culture (since 1994).", "Q2061200": "Tee for Two is a 1945 American one-reel Technicolor animated cartoon and is the 20th Tom and Jerry short, first released to theaters on June 21, 1945 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. The short is directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, composed by Scott Bradley, and animated by Ray Patterson, Irven Spence, Pete Burness, and Kenneth Muse.\nTee for Two is often noted for its climactic scene involving Tom's strong reaction from a bee attack, which has been described as the \"largest and most gruesome reaction in [Tom and Jerry] to date\".", "Q712086": "Arthur Witty Cotton, also known as Don Arturo, was a footballer, club president and businessman. Witty played for FC Barcelona in the first Copa del Rey final and later served as club president between 1903 and 1905. He was also a successful trader and his family company, the Witty Group, continues to operate today. He is the older brother of Ernest Witty.", "Q2344776": "The Democratic Alliance (French: Alliance d\u00e9mocratique, AD), originally called Democratic Republican Alliance (French: Alliance r\u00e9publicaine d\u00e9mocratique, ARD), was a French political party created in 1901 by followers of L\u00e9on Gambetta such as Raymond Poincar\u00e9, who would be president of the Council in the 1920s. The party was originally formed as a centre-left gathering of moderate liberals, independent Radicals who rejected the new left-leaning Radical-Socialist Party, and Opportunist Republicans (Gambetta and the like), situated at the political centre and to the right of the newly-formed Radical-Socialist Party. However, after World War I and the parliamentary disappearance of monarchists and Bonapartists it quickly became the main centre-right party of the Third Republic. It was part of the National Bloc right-wing coalition which won the elections after the end of the war. The ARD successively took the name Parti R\u00e9publicain D\u00e9mocratique (Democratic Republican Party, PRD) and then Parti R\u00e9publicain D\u00e9mocratique et Social (Social and Republican Democratic Party) before becoming again the AD.\nThe ARD was largely discredited after supporting the Vichy regime during World War II, an option strongly supported by its major leader Pierre-\u00c9tienne Flandin and other members such as Joseph Barth\u00e9lemy. The centre-right party tried to reform itself under the direction of Joseph Laniel, who had taken part in the Resistance. It temporarily joined the RGR (Rassemblement des gauches r\u00e9publicaines) before merging into the Centre national des ind\u00e9pendants et paysans (CNIP, National Center of Independents and Peasants). The AD, which in contrast to the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) or the French Communist Party (PCF), never became a mass political party founded on voting discipline (in these left-wing parties deputies usually vote in agreement with the party's consensus), turned at that time in little more than an intellectual circle whose members met during suppers. However, it was dissolved in only 1978, long after its effective disappearance from the political scene.\nUnder the Third Republic, the majority of the AD's deputies sat in the Left Republicans (R\u00e9publicain de Gauche) group, the main centre-right parliamentary formation (due to a particularity called sinistrisme right-wing politicians took some time to accept the label 'right-wing', as republicanism was traditionally associated with the left-wing and the right-wing traditionally meant some form of monarchism: see Legitimist and Orl\u00e9anist).", "Q119388": "Albert R\u00f6sti (born 7 August 1967) is a Swiss entrepreneur, association official, national chairman of the Swiss People's Party, and a member of the Swiss National Council.", "Q448324": "Karlsruhe's University of Music (Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Karlsruhe in German) is a college of music in Karlsruhe, Germany. Originally the Baden Conservatory of Music, it was elevated to a Hochschule under the direction of Franz Philipp, who led the school from 1924 to 1942.", "Q1491126": "SwinDoe is an American rapper. His debut, self-titled album Swindoe reached #123 on the Billboard 200 in 2010.\nHouston area rapper SwinDoe \u2013 originally from Tucson, AZ\u2014made music industry history by running a global, Billboard charting campaign from his BlackBerry smart phone. Publicizing his PIN (3079E65E) inside of a catchy jingle, he was able to sell his album through various BlackBerry themed websites from around the world.", "Q1390711": "Nikoll Idromeno (Albanian pronunciation: [\u02ccni\u02c8k\u0254\u026ba k\u0254l \u02c8id\u027e\u0254\u02ccm\u025bn\u0254]; 15 August 1860 \u2013 12 December 1939), better known as Kol\u00eb Idromeno, was an Albanian painter, sculptor, architect, photographer, cinematographer, composer and engineer during the Albanian Renaissance in the nineteenth century. He is widely regarded as a precursor of both realism and landscape art in Albania.Kol\u00eb Idromeno was born in Shkod\u00ebr, which was at that time part of the Ottoman Empire and the center of culture and religion in Albania. At age 16, he moved to Venice for six months and began his studies at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia. Subsequently, he travelled throughout Europe and moved back to Shkod\u00ebr and worked essentially in a variety of artistic fields. In addition, he made himself strongly committed for the Independence of Albania whereby he was forced to emigrate to Ulcinj.Among his important works are a series of paintings where he tried to depict the social aspects of everyday life, customs and religion exactly as it appears. He was also distinguished for its rich use of colours and decorative shades with certain ethnographic elements and landscapes depicting places in or near Shkod\u00ebr.As an architect, he drew the plans for around fifty buildings either private and public. He also designed several industrial facilities, banks, the Rozafa cinema and Kafja e Madhe cafe. The coffered ceiling of the St. Stephen's Cathedral, which is one of the largest cathedrals in the Balkans, was also a design by Kol\u00eb Idromeno.", "Q87980": "Wolf Jobst Siedler (17 January 1926 \u2013 27 November 2013) was a German publisher and writer.\nBorn in Berlin, he studied at the Freie Universit\u00e4t and worked as a journalist. His publishing house Wolf Jobst Siedler Verlag was bought in 1989 by Bertelsmann-Gruppe.\nHe has authored several books and writes for many German publications including the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, the S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung, Die Zeit, Die Welt and Junge Freiheit.\nSiedler was interviewed about his assessments of Albert Speer in the docudrama Speer und Er.", "Q157781": "Christian VIII (18 September 1786 \u2013 20 January 1848) was the king of Denmark from 1839 to 1848 and, as Christian Frederick, King of Norway in 1814.", "Q2806397": "Natalya Dmitrievna \"Natasha\" Stefanenko (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \"\u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0448\u0430\" \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; born 18 April 1969) is a Russian-born italian actress, model, and television presenter who lives and works in both Italy and Russia.", "Q1239597": "Don Francis Bowman \"Sugarcane\" Harris (June 18, 1938 \u2013 November 30, 1999) was an American rock and roll violinist and guitarist. He is considered a pioneer in the amplification of the violin.", "Q286410": "Jonathan Richard Guy Greenwood (born 5 November 1971) is an English musician and composer. He is the lead guitarist and keyboardist of the alternative rock band Radiohead, and has written a number of film scores.\nAlong with his elder brother, Radiohead bassist Colin, Greenwood attended Abingdon School in Abingdon near Oxford, England, where he met the future band members. The youngest of the group, Greenwood was the last to join, first playing keyboards and harmonica but soon becoming lead guitarist. He abandoned a degree in music when the band signed to Parlophone; their debut single \"Creep\" was distinguished by Greenwood's aggressive guitar work. Radiohead have since achieved critical acclaim and sold over 30 million albums. Along with the other members of Radiohead, Greenwood was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2019.\nGreenwood has been named one of the greatest guitarists of all time by publications including Rolling Stone. A multi-instrumentalist, Greenwood has also played instruments including bass guitar, piano, viola, and drums. He is a prominent player of the ondes Martenot, an early electronic instrument. He uses electronic techniques such as programming, sampling and looping, and writes music software used by Radiohead. He described his role in the band as an arranger, helping to transform Thom Yorke's demos into finished songs.\nRadiohead albums feature Greenwood's string and brass arrangements, and he has composed for orchestras including the London Contemporary Orchestra and the BBC Concert Orchestra. His first solo work, the soundtrack for the film Bodysong, was released in 2003. In 2007, he scored There Will Be Blood, directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, and has composed the soundtrack for every Anderson film since; in 2018, he was nominated for an Academy Award for his score for Anderson's Phantom Thread. Greenwood's other scores include two collaborations with director Lynne Ramsay. He has collaborated several times with the Israeli composer Shye Ben Tzur, including on the 2015 album Junun.", "Q382104": "Drit\u00ebro Agolli (13 October 1931 \u2013 3 February 2017) was an Albanian poet, writer, politician, and former president of the Albanian League of Writers and Artists. He studied in Leningrad in the Soviet Union and wrote primarily poetry, but also short stories, essays, plays, and novels. He was head of the Albanian League of Writers and Artists from 1973 until 1992.", "Q96133": "Wilhelm von Kardorff (8 January 1828 in Neustrelitz \u2013 21 July 1907) was a German landowner and politician who supported the Free Conservative Party. From the founding of the North German Confederation in 1867 until his death he was one of the most influential members of his party.He was educated at Heidelberg and Halle, where he fought 31 duels. He joined the Prussian civil service in the late 1840s and during the next decade purchased large estates in Silesia.He greatly admired Otto von Bismarck and enjoyed a close friendship with him. Following the Panic of 1873 and the consequent economic depression, Kardorff campaigned for the restoration of protectionism, founding the Central Association of German Industrialists in 1876. This campaign was successful, with Bismarck passing a tariff in 1879. G. P. Gooch considered this the greatest achievement of Kardorff's career.Kardorff was the Reichstag's primary expert on economic affairs. His economic ideas were influenced by Henry Charles Carey and he fought unsuccessfully for the adoption of bimetallism, persuading the Reichstag but not the British, who favoured gold. He also opposed Leo von Caprivi's commercial treaties that led to freer trade and campaigned for higher tariff rates, succeeding in 1902.", "Q10350030": "Pirate Gold is a 1920 American adventure film serial directed by George B. Seitz. Seitz also directed a feature-length version of the serial, Rogues and Romance, released in December 1920. The 10-episode serial was re-edited into the feature-length film Rogues and Romance (1920). The serial is now considered a lost film.", "Q178004": "Marcian (; Latin: Flavius Marcianus; Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2; c. 392 \u2013 26 January 457) was the Eastern Roman Emperor from 450 to 457. Very little of his life before becoming emperor is known, other than that he was a domesticus (personal assistant) who served under the commanders Ardabur and his son Aspar for fifteen years. After the death of Emperor Theodosius II on 28 July 450, Marcian was made a candidate for the throne by Aspar, who held much influence because of his military power. After a month of negotiations Pulcheria, Theodosius' sister, agreed to marry Marcian. Flavius Zeno, a military leader whose influence was similar to Aspar's, may have been involved in these negotiations, as he was given the high-ranking court title of patrician upon Marcian's accession. Marcian was elected and inaugurated on 25 August 450.\nMarcian reversed many of the actions of Theodosius II in the Eastern Roman Empire's relationship with the Huns under Attila and in religious matters. Marcian almost immediately revoked all treaties with Attila, ending all subsidy payments to him. In 452, while Attila was raiding Italy, then a part of the Western Roman Empire, Marcian launched expeditions across the Danube into the Great Hungarian Plain, defeating the Huns in their own heartland. This action, accompanied by the famine and plague that broke out in northern Italy, allowed the Western Roman Empire to bribe Attila into retreating from the Italian peninsula.\nAfter Attila's death in 453, Marcian took advantage of the resulting fragmentation of the Hunnic confederation by settling Germanic tribes within Roman lands as foederati (\"federates\" providing military service in exchange for benefits). Marcian also convened the Council of Chalcedon, which declared that Jesus had two \"natures\": divine and human. This led to the alienation of the population of the eastern provinces of Syria and Egypt, as many of them were miaphysites, rejecting the new official Christology. Marcian died on 26 January 457, leaving the Eastern Roman Empire with a treasury surplus of seven million solidi coins, an impressive achievement considering the economic ruin inflicted upon the Eastern Roman Empire by the Huns and Theodosius' tribute payments. After his death, Aspar passed over Marcian's son-in-law, Anthemius, and had a military commander, Leo I, elected as emperor.", "Q272591": "Ram\u00f3n Luis Ayala Rodr\u00edguez (born February 3, 1977), known professionally as Daddy Yankee, is a Puerto Rican singer, songwriter, rapper, actor and record producer. Ayala was born in R\u00edo Piedras, Puerto Rico, and was raised in the Villa Kennedy Housing Projects neighborhood. Daddy Yankee is the artist who coined the word Reggaeton in 1994 to describe the new music genre that was emerging from Puerto Rico. He is known as the \"King of Reggaet\u00f3n\" by music critics and fans alike. Daddy Yankee is often cited as an influence by other Latin urban performers.\nAyala aspired to be a professional baseball player, and tried out for the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball. Before he could be officially signed, he was hit by a stray round from an AK-47 rifle while taking a break from a studio recording session with reggaeton artist DJ Playero. Ayala spent roughly one and a half years recovering from the wound; the bullet was never removed from his hip, and he credits the shooting incident with allowing him to focus entirely on a music career. In 2004, Daddy Yankee released his international hit single \"Gasolina\", which is credited with introducing Reggaeton to audiences worldwide, and making the music genre a global phenomenon. Since then, he has sold around 20 million records, making him one of the best-selling Latin music artists. Daddy Yankee's album Barrio Fino made history when it became the top-selling Latin music album of the decade between 2000\u20132009. In 2017, Daddy Yankee, in collaboration with Latin pop singer Luis Fonsi, released the hit single \"Despacito\". It became the first Spanish-language song to hit number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 since \"Macarena\" in 1996. The single gained global success. The video for \"Despacito\" on YouTube received its billionth view on April 20, 2017, and became the most watched video in YouTube's history. Its success led Daddy Yankee to become the most listened artist worldwide on the streaming service Spotify in June 2017, the first Latin artist to do so.As of 2017, Daddy Yankee has won 82 awards from 270 nominations since his rise to international fame in 2004. He has won 5 Latin Grammy Awards, 2 Billboard Music Awards, 14 Billboard Latin Music Awards, 2 Latin American Music Awards, 8 Lo Nuestro Awards, an MTV Video Music Award and 6 ASCAP Awards. He also received a Puerto Rican Walk of Fame Star, special awards by People en Espa\u00f1ol magazine, and the Presencia Latina at Harvard University. He was named by CNN as the \"Most Influential Hispanic Artist\" of 2009, and included in Time 100 in 2006.\n\n", "Q494529": "Hechingen is a town in central Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is situated about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of the state capital of Stuttgart and 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Lake Constance and the Swiss border.", "Q310300": "James Vernon Taylor (born March 12, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. A five-time Grammy Award winner, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 100 million records worldwide.Taylor achieved his breakthrough in 1970 with the No.\u202f3 single \"Fire and Rain\" and had his first No.\u202f1 hit in 1971 with his recording of \"You've Got a Friend\", written by Carole King in the same year. His 1976 Greatest Hits album was certified Diamond and has sold 12 million US copies. Following his 1977 album, JT, he has retained a large audience over the decades. Every album that he released from 1977 to 2007 sold over 1 million copies. He enjoyed a resurgence in chart performance during the late 1990s and 2000s, when he recorded some of his most-awarded work (including Hourglass, October Road, and Covers). He achieved his first number-one album in the US in 2015 with his recording Before This World.He is known for his covers, such as \"How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)\" and \"Handy Man\", as well as originals such as \"Sweet Baby James\".", "Q55178": "Stephanie Diana Wilson (born September 27, 1966) is an American engineer and a NASA astronaut. She flew to space onboard three Space Shuttle missions, and is the second African American woman to go into space, after Mae Jemison. Her 42 days in space are the most of any African American astronaut, male or female.", "Q515023": "Patrick Lachman (born March 31, 1970) is an American heavy metal guitarist and vocalist.", "Q2060678": "The University of Campinas (Portuguese: Universidade Estadual de Campinas), commonly called Unicamp, is a public research university in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Unicamp is consistently ranked among the top universities in Brazil and Latin America.Established in 1962, Unicamp was designed from scratch as an integrated research center unlike other top Brazilian universities, usually created by the consolidation of previously existing schools and institutes. Its research focus reflects on almost half of its students being graduate students, the largest proportion across all large universities in Brazil, and also in the large number of graduate programs it offers: 153 compared to 70 undergraduate programs. It also offers several non-degree granting open-enrollment courses to around 8,000 students through its extension school.Its main campus occupies 3.5 square kilometres (860 acres) located in the district of Bar\u00e3o Geraldo, a suburban area 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the downtown center of Campinas, built shortly after the creation of the university. It also has satellite campuses in Limeira, Piracicaba and Paul\u00ednia, and manages two technical high schools located in Campinas and Limeira. Funding is provided almost entirely by the state government and, like other Brazilian public universities, no tuition fees or administrative fees are charged for undergraduate and graduate programs.Unicamp is responsible for around 15% of Brazilian research, a disproportionately high number when compared to much larger and older institutions in the country such as the University of S\u00e3o Paulo. It also produces more patents than any other research organization in Brazil, being second only to the state-owned oil company, Petrobras. Multiple international university rankings place it amongst the best universities in the world, with QS placing it in the Top 200 globally and ranking it the 11th best university under 50 years, and in 2015 it was rated as the best university in the country by Brazil's Ministry of Education.", "Q89013": "Johann Gottfried Ebel (6 October 1764 \u2013 8 October 1830) was the author of the first real guidebook to Switzerland.", "Q80989": "Bhopal (; Hindustani pronunciation: [b\u02b1o\u02d0pa\u02d0l] (listen)) is the capital city of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of both Bhopal district and Bhopal division. Bhopal is known as The City of Lakes for its various natural and artificial lakes and is also one of the greenest cities in India. It is the 16th largest city in India and 131st in the world.\nFounded in 1707, the city was the capital of the former Bhopal State, a princely state of the British ruled by the Nawabs of Bhopal. Numerous heritage structures from this period include the Taj-ul-Masajid and Taj Mahal palace. In 1984, the city was struck by the Bhopal disaster, one of the worst industrial disasters in history.\nA Y-class city, Bhopal houses various educational and research institutions and installations of national importance, including ISRO's Master Control Facility, BHEL, and AMPRI. Bhopal is home to the largest number of institutes of National Importance in India, namely IISER, MANIT, SPA, AIIMS, NLIU, IIFM and IIIT (currently functioning from a temporary campus inside MANIT) .\nThe city attracted international attention in December 1984 after the Bhopal disaster, when a Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide manufacturing plant (now owned by Dow Chemical Company) leaked a mixture of deadly gases composed mainly of methyl isocyanate, leading to one of the worst industrial disasters in the world's history. The Bhopal disaster continues to be a part of the socio-political debate and a logistical challenge for the people of Bhopal.Bhopal was selected as one of the first twenty Indian cities (the first phase) to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission. Bhopal has also been rated as the cleanest capital city for three consecutive years, 2017, 2018 and 2019.", "Q1634522": "The Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al (UQAM) is a public university based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is a French-language university and is the largest constituent element of the Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec system.\nUQAM was founded on April 9, 1969 by the government of Quebec, through the merger of the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts de Montr\u00e9al, a fine arts school; the Coll\u00e8ge Sainte-Marie, a classical college; and a number of smaller schools. Although part of the UQ network, UQAM possesses a relative independence which allows it to print its own diplomas and choose its rector.\nIn the fall of 2018, the university welcomed some 40,738 students, including 3,859 international students from 95 countries, in a total of 310 distinct programs of study, managed by six faculties (Arts, Education, Communication, Political Science and Law, Science and Social science) and one school (Management). It offers Bachelors, Masters, and Doctoral degrees. It is one of Montreal's two French-language universities, along with the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, and only 1% of its student population is of English-speaking origin.", "Q350724": "Daniel Paul Tamberelli (born February 8, 1982) is an American actor, comedian and musician. He portrayed Little Pete in The Adventures of Pete and Pete from 1989 to 1996, Arnold Perlstein in The Magic School Bus, one of the cast members for Nickelodeon's All That from seasons four through six, panelist on the game show Figure It Out and Jimmy De Santa in Grand Theft Auto V.", "Q6272727": "Jonathan Carter is an American politician, environmentalist and scientist who has run twice for governor of Maine as a Green and once for U.S. Congress. In 1992, Carter ran for U.S. House of Representatives in Maine's 2nd congressional district. Carter's campaign was designed to educate the public and to establish a green network of social, economic, and ecological activists. He was able to get 27,526 votes for 8.8% of the vote with an expenditure of less than $20,000 and no paid media.", "Q151496": "San Demetrio London is a 1943 British World War II docudrama based on the true story of the 1940 salvage of the tanker MV San Demetrio by some of her own crew, who reboarded her after she had been set on fire by the German heavy cruiser Admiral Scheer and then abandoned, during the Battle of the Atlantic. The film was produced by Michael Balcon for Ealing Studios and directed by Charles Frend.", "Q621458": "Alexander Comfort (10 February 1920 \u2013 26 March 2000) was a British scientist and physician known best for his nonfiction sex manual, The Joy of Sex (1972). He was an author of both fiction and nonfiction, as well as a gerontologist, anarchist, pacifist, and conscientious objector.", "Q12233": "Santander is the capital of the autonomous community and historical region of Cantabria situated on the north coast of Spain. It is a port city located east of Gij\u00f3n and west of Bilbao with a population of 172,000 (2017).It is believed to have been a port since ancient times, due to its favorable location, and is documented as far back as the 11th century. Much of the medieval city was lost in the Great Fire of 1941. Today, its remaining old town, beach and other attractions are popular with tourists and other visitors and its economy is mainly service based. The port is still very active and a regular ferry service operates to the United Kingdom. Fish and seafood dominate the local cuisine. Santander notably houses the headquarters of multinational bank Banco Santander, which was founded there.", "Q371932": "Shawn Elliott Santiago (March 1, 1937 \u2013 March 11, 2016) was an American actor and former singer.", "Q116905": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (also simply known as A Series of Unfortunate Events) is a 2004 American gothic dark comedy film directed by Brad Silberling. It is a film adaptation of A Series of Unfortunate Events by Lemony Snicket, covering the first three novels: The Bad Beginning, The Reptile Room, and The Wide Window. The film stars Jim Carrey, Liam Aiken, Emily Browning, Timothy Spall, Catherine O'Hara, Billy Connolly, Cedric the Entertainer, Luis Guzm\u00e1n, Jennifer Coolidge, and Meryl Streep, as well as Jude Law as Lemony Snicket (the pen name of American writer Daniel Handler).\nNickelodeon Movies purchased the film rights to Daniel Handler's book series in 2000 and soon began development of a film with Barry Sonnenfeld attached to direct. Handler adapted the screenplay and courted Jim Carrey for Count Olaf. Sonnenfeld eventually left over budget concerns in January 2003 and Brad Silberling took over. Robert Gordon rewrote Handler's script, and principal photography started in November 2003. A Series of Unfortunate Events was entirely shot using sound stages and backlots at Paramount Pictures and Downey Studios. The film received positive reviews, with many praising Carrey's performance, while some criticized its comical tone and short length - only focusing on the first 3 books in the series. The film also grossed $209 million worldwide, and won the Academy Award for Best Makeup.", "Q128633": "William Lyon Mackenzie King (December 17, 1874 \u2013 July 22, 1950), commonly known as Mackenzie King or by the initials WLMK, was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s. He served as the tenth prime minister of Canada in 1921\u20131926, 1926\u20131930 and 1935\u20131948. He is best known for his leadership of Canada throughout the Second World War (1939\u20131945) when he mobilized Canadian money, supplies and volunteers to support Britain while boosting the economy and maintaining morale on the home front. A Liberal with 21 years and 154 days in office, he was the longest-serving prime minister in Canadian history. Trained in law and social work, he was keenly interested in the human condition (as a boy, his motto was \"Help those that cannot help themselves\"), and played a major role in laying the foundations of the Canadian welfare state.King acceded to the leadership of the Liberal Party in 1919. Taking the helm of a party bitterly torn apart during the First World War, he reconciled factions, unifying the Liberal Party and leading it to victory in the 1921 election. His party was out of office during the harshest days of the Great Depression in Canada, 1930\u201335; he returned when the economy was on an upswing. He personally handled complex relations with the Prairie Provinces, while his top aides Ernest Lapointe and Louis St. Laurent skillfully met the demands of French Canadians. During the Second World War, he carefully avoided the battles over conscription, patriotism and ethnicity that had divided Canada so deeply in the First World War. Though few major policy innovations took place during his premiership, he was able to synthesize and pass a number of measures that had reached a level of broad national support. Scholars attribute King's long tenure as party leader to his wide range of skills that were appropriate to Canada's needs. He understood the workings of capital and labour. Keenly sensitive to the nuances of public policy, he was a workaholic with a shrewd and penetrating intelligence and a profound understanding of the complexities of Canadian society. A modernizing technocrat who regarded managerial mediation as essential to an industrial society, he wanted his Liberal Party to represent liberal corporatism to create social harmony. King worked to bring compromise and harmony to many competing and feuding elements, using politics and government action as his instrument. He led his party for 29 years, and established Canada's international reputation as a middle power fully committed to world order.King's biographers agree on the personal characteristics that made him distinctive. He lacked the charisma of such contemporaries as Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, or Charles de Gaulle. He lacked a commanding presence or oratorical skill; his best writing was academic, and did not resonate with the electorate. Cold and tactless in human relations, he had many political allies but very few close personal friends. He never married and lacked a hostess whose charm could substitute for his chill. He kept secret his beliefs in spiritualism and use of mediums to stay in contact with departed associates and particularly with his mother, and allowed his intense spirituality to distort his understanding of Adolf Hitler throughout the late 1930s.A survey of scholars in 1997 by Maclean's magazine ranked King first among all Canada's prime ministers, ahead of Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir Wilfrid Laurier. As historian Jack Granatstein notes, \"the scholars expressed little admiration for King the man but offered unbounded admiration for his political skills and attention to Canadian unity.\" On the other hand, political scientist Ian Stewart in 2007 found that even Liberal activists have but a dim memory of him.", "Q312517": "Condor, legally incorporated as Condor Flugdienst GmbH, is a German leisure airline based in Frankfurt. It operates scheduled flights to leisure destinations in Africa, the Caribbean, Europe, South Asia and North America. Its main base is at Frankfurt Airport with further smaller bases at other German airports.The airline was originally established as Deutsche Flugdienst GmbH on 21 December 1955. Its initial fleet consisted of three 36-passenger Vickers VC.1 Viking aircraft, the airline's first tourist-orientated flight commenced on 29 March 1956. In 1961, Deutsche Flugdienst took over its rival Condor-Luftreederei and subsequently adopted Condor Flugdienst GmbH as its operating name. During 1966, Condor launched its first long-haul flights. By this time, the airline had a majority market share of Germany's tourism air travel market. During the 1990s, Condor was restructured and merged with other businesses to become an integrated tourism concern known as C&N Touristik. \nFrom 2000 onwards, the Condor shares held by Lufthansa were gradually acquired by both Thomas Cook AG and Thomas Cook Group. On 4 February 2013, the Thomas Cook Group announced that Thomas Cook Airlines, Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium, and Condor would be merged into a single operating segment of the Thomas Cook Group, Thomas Cook Group Airlines. \nCondor Flugdienst GmbH continues to be an asset of Thomas Cook Group plc until the asset is sold or the liquidation is completed by the Official Receiver.On 24 January 2020, it was announced that the Polish Aviation Group, owner of LOT Polish Airlines, would acquire Condor. The acquisition was expected to be completed by April 2020 once antitrust approvals are obtained. However, on 2 April 2020 it was announced that the sale to LOT Polish Airlines had fallen through.", "Q551661": "Vasily Alekseyevich Degtyaryov (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0435\u0433\u0442\u044f\u0440\u0451\u0432; January 2, 1880, Tula \u2013 January 16, 1949, Moscow) was a Russian engineer who specialised in weapons design.\n\n", "Q354542": "Raymond Matthews Brown (October 13, 1926 \u2013 July 2, 2002) was an American jazz double bassist known for extensive work with Oscar Peterson and Ella Fitzgerald.", "Q380075": "An advocate is a professional in the field of law. Different countries' legal systems use the term with somewhat differing meanings. The broad equivalent in many English law\u2013based jurisdictions could be a barrister or a solicitor. However, in Scottish, Manx Law (the law of the Isle of Man), South African, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Scandinavian, Polish, Israeli, South Asian and South American jurisdictions, \"Advocate\" indicates a lawyer of superior classification.\"Advocate\" is in some languages an honorific for lawyers, such as \"Adv. Sir Alberico Gentili\". \"Advocate\" also has the everyday meaning of speaking out to help someone else, such as patient advocacy or the support expected from an elected politician; this article does not cover those senses.", "Q199588": "Carlo Lorenzini (24 November 1826 \u2013 26 October 1890), better known by the pen name Carlo Collodi (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8karlo kol\u02c8l\u0254\u02d0di]), was an Italian author, humorist, and journalist, widely known for his fairy tale novel The Adventures of Pinocchio.", "Q219330": "Pietrasanta is a town and comune on the coast of northern Tuscany in Italy, in the province of Lucca. Pietrasanta is part of Versilia, on the last foothills of the Apuan Alps, about 32 kilometres (20 mi) north of Pisa. The town is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) off the coast, where the frazione of Marina di Pietrasanta is located. \n\nIt lies on the main road and rail link from Pisa to Genova, just north of Viareggio.", "Q40213": "William Butler Yeats (13 June 1865 \u2013 28 January 1939) was an Irish poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature. A pillar of the Irish literary establishment, he helped to found the Abbey Theatre, and in his later years served two terms as a Senator of the Irish Free State. He was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival along with Lady Gregory, Edward Martyn and others.\nYeats was born in Sandymount, Ireland, and educated there and in London. He spent childhood holidays in County Sligo and studied poetry from an early age, when he became fascinated by Irish legends and the occult. These topics feature in the first phase of his work, which lasted roughly until the turn of the 20th century. His earliest volume of verse was published in 1889, and its slow-paced and lyrical poems display debts to Edmund Spenser, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and the poets of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. From 1900, his poetry grew more physical and realistic. He largely renounced the transcendental beliefs of his youth, though he remained preoccupied with physical and spiritual masks, as well as with cyclical theories of life. In 1923, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Q102970": "Martin Grzimek (born 1950) is a German author. He was born in Trutzhain. Having spent a number of years living and working in South America and the United States, he now resides in a village near Heidelberg. His work that raised the most interest is Shadowlife, a near-future mystery in which the nature of book itself is questioned. Grzimek is a member of International PEN has won a number of literary prizes.", "Q270386": "Jane Esther Hamilton (born October 27, 1956) is an American former pornographic actress and current adult film director who performed under the stage name Veronica Hart during the 1980s. She is sometimes credited as Jane Hamilton, V. Hart, Veronica Heart, Victoria Holt, Randee Styles or just Veronica. Hart is a member of the AVN Hall of Fame.\nDirector Paul Thomas Anderson has called her \"the Meryl Streep of porn.\"", "Q123766": "Charlottesville, colloquially known as C'ville and officially named the City of Charlottesville, is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is the county seat of Albemarle County, which surrounds the city, though the two are separate legal entities. It is named after the British Queen consort (and Electress of Hanover) Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, who as the wife of George III was Virginia's last Queen. In 2018, an estimated 48,117 people lived within the city limits. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the City of Charlottesville with Albemarle County for statistical purposes, bringing its population to approximately 150,000. Charlottesville is the heart of the Charlottesville metropolitan area, which includes Albemarle, Buckingham, Fluvanna, Greene, and Nelson counties.\nCharlottesville was the home of two Presidents, Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe. During their terms as Governor of Virginia, they lived in Charlottesville, and traveled to and from Richmond, along the 71-mile (114 km) historic Three Notch'd Road. Orange, located 26 miles (42 km) northeast of the city, was the hometown of President James Madison. The University of Virginia, founded by Jefferson and one of the original Public Ivies, straddles the city's southwestern border. Monticello, 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast of the city, is, along with the University of Virginia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, attracting thousands of tourists every year.", "Q731139": "Alexander Werth (4 February 1901, St Petersburg \u2013 5 March 1969, Paris) was a Russian-born, naturalized British writer, journalist, and war correspondent.", "Q1319653": "Jay Olcutt Sanders (born April 16, 1953) is an American actor who has worked in theatre, film, and TV, known for JFK (1991). He frequently appears in plays Off-Broadway at The Public Theatre.", "Q1033016": "Halle Maria Berry (born Maria Halle Berry; August 14, 1966) is an American actress. Berry won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the romantic drama film Monster's Ball (2001), becoming the only woman of African American descent to have won the award.Before becoming an actress, Berry was a model and entered several beauty contests, finishing as the first runner-up in the Miss USA pageant and coming in sixth in the Miss World 1986. Her breakthrough film role was in the romantic comedy Boomerang (1992), alongside Eddie Murphy, which led to roles in films, such as the family comedy The Flintstones (1994), the political comedy-drama Bulworth (1998) and the television film Introducing Dorothy Dandridge (1999), for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award.\nIn addition to her Academy Award, Berry garnered high-profile roles in the 2000s, such as Storm in X-Men (2000), the thrillers Swordfish (2001) and Gothika (2003), and the spy film Die Another Day (2002), where she played Bond girl Jinx. She then appeared in the X-Men sequels, X2 (2003) and X-Men: The Last Stand (2006). In the 2010s, she has featured in the science-fiction film Cloud Atlas (2012), the crime thriller The Call (2013) and the action films X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017) and John Wick: Chapter 3 \u2013 Parabellum (2019).\nBerry was one of the highest-paid actresses in Hollywood during the 2000s, and has been involved in the production of several of the films in which she performed. Berry is also a Revlon spokesmodel. She was formerly married to baseball player David Justice, singer-songwriter Eric Ben\u00e9t, and actor Olivier Martinez. She has a child each with Martinez and model Gabriel Aubry.", "Q399524": "Jurina Matsui (\u677e\u4e95 \u73e0\u7406\u5948, Matsui Jurina, born March 8, 1997) is a Japanese singer and actress. She is a former member of the japanese idol girl group SKE48 and a former concurrent member of AKB48. She is recognized as the group's absolute ace, having placed in the top 10 in many of AKB48's annual general elections and winning the 2018 election. Matsui debuted with SKE48's first generation group Team S when was 11 years old, and was soon appointed the center position on AKB48's single \"\u014cgoe Diamond\", making her the first sister group member to participate and to center perform in AKB48's main single lineup. She continues to appear regularly on both SKE48 and AKB48's title track singles.\nMatsui's first solo album, Privacy, which all lyrics were written by herself, was released on October 5, 2019.", "Q200661": "Juan Nepomuceno Carlos P\u00e9rez Rulfo Vizca\u00edno, best known as Juan Rulfo (Spanish: [\u02c8xwan \u02c8rulfo] audio ; 16 May 1917 \u2013 7 January 1986), was a Mexican writer, screenwriter and photographer. He is best known for two literary works, El Llano en llamas (1953), a collection of short stories, and the 1955 novel Pedro P\u00e1ramo. Fifteen of the seventeen short stories in El Llano en llamas have been translated into English and published as The Burning Plain and Other Stories. This collection includes the popular tale \"\u00a1Diles que no me maten!\" (\"Tell Them Not to Kill Me!\").", "Q67874": "Mosogno is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 10 April 2016 the former municipalities of Vergeletto, Gresso, Mosogno and Isorno merged into the municipality of Onsernone.", "Q304375": "Richard Travis Whitcomb (February 21, 1921 \u2013 October 13, 2009) was an American aeronautical engineer who was noted for his contributions to the science of aerodynamics.", "Q662575": "Ariola Records (also known as Ariola, Ariola-Eurodisc and BMG Ariola) is a German record label. In the late 1980s, it was a subsidiary label of Bertelsmann Music Group, which in turn has become a part of the international media conglomerate Sony Music.", "Q712910": "Jeffrey Lewis (born November 20, 1975) is an American singer-songwriter and comic book artist.", "Q118900": "Heinrich Gretler (1897\u20131977) was a Swiss film and television actor, who also starred on stage at the Bernhard-Theater in Zurich.", "Q440036": "Juliet Berto (16 January 1947 \u2013 10 January 1990), born Annie Jamet, was a French actress, director and screenwriter.\nA member of the same loose group of student radicals as Anne Wiazemsky, she first appeared in Jean-Luc Godard's Two or Three Things I Know About Her, and would go on to appear in many of Godard's subsequent films, including La Chinoise, Week End, Le Gai Savoir, and Vladimir et Rosa. She later became a muse for the French New Wave director Jacques Rivette, starring in Out 1 and Celine and Julie Go Boating.\nIn the 1980s she also became a screenwriter and film director. Her film Cap Canaille (1983) was entered into the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival. In 1987, she was a member of the jury at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival.She died of breast cancer at age 42.", "Q863514": "\u00c9mile Theodore Joseph Hubert Banning (12 October 1836 \u2013 13 July 1898) was a doctor of philosophy and literature and a Belgian senior civil servant who played an important role in the Belgian politics of the 19th century.\nBorn in Li\u00e8ge, Banning started his career as a journalist with the l'\u00c9cho du Parlement, where he became an observer of the political life, after a stay at the Royal Library as its archivist and librarian, he was appointed to the department of Foreign Affairs where he quickly became a kind of oracle in all the historical and geographical questions of his time.\nFrom a \"simple\" historian he became a leading actor of the great decisions in matters of Belgian domestic as well as international policy. His knowledge of the world was of great support to Leopold II of Belgium, even if the king moved away more and more from the advice of Banning.\n\u00c9mile Banning was a leading negotiator at the Berlin Conference of 1884 and the Brussels Conference of 1890 both involving the Congo. His political doctrines, based on high international morality and the respect of the law of nations, influenced many Belgian personalities such as Pierre Orts.\nHe died in Brussels on 13 July 1898.", "Q1354": "Dhaka ( DAH-k\u0259 or DAK-\u0259; Bengali: \u09a2\u09be\u0995\u09be, pronounced [\u02c8\u0256\u02b1aka]), formerly known as Dacca, is the capital and the largest city of Bangladesh. It is the ninth-largest, and the sixth-most densely populated city in the world, with a population of 21,006,000 people in the Greater Dhaka Area.Dhaka is the economic, political and cultural center of Bangladesh. It is one of the major cities of South Asia, the largest city in Eastern South Asia and among the Bay of Bengal countries; and one of the largest cities among OIC countries. As part of the Bengal plain, the city is bounded by the Buriganga River, Turag River, Dhaleshwari River and Shitalakshya River. The city is located in an eponymous district and division.\nThe area of Dhaka has been inhabited since the first millennium. The city rose to prominence in the 17th century as a provincial capital and commercial center of the Mughal Empire in South Asia. Dhaka was the capital of the proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal for 75 years. As the center of the muslin trade in Bengal, it was one of the most prosperous cities in the Indian subcontinent. The medieval city was named Jahangirabad in honor of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and hosted the seat of the Mughal Subahdar (governor), Naib Nazims and Dewans (prime ministers). Medieval Dhaka's glory peaked in the 17th and 18th centuries, when it was home to merchants from across Eurasia. The Mughals decorated the city with well-laid out gardens, tombs, mosques, palaces and forts. The city was once called the Venice of the East. Under the British Empire, the city saw the introduction of electricity, railways, cinemas, Western-style universities and colleges and a modern water supply. It became an important administrative and educational center in Eastern Bengal and Assam after 1905. In 1947, after the end of British rule, it became the administrative capital of East Pakistan. It was declared as the legislative capital of Pakistan in 1962. In 1971, it became the capital of an independent Bangladesh. Article 5 of the Constitution of Bangladesh declares Dhaka as the capital of the republic.Dhaka is the financial, commercial and the entertainment capital of Bangladesh. It accounts for up to 35% of Bangladesh's economy. Since its establishment as a modern capital city the population, area, social and economic diversity of Dhaka have grown tremendously. Dhaka is now one of the most densely industrialized regions in the country. By the 21st century, it emerged as a megacity, which is now listed as a beta-global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC). The Dhaka Stock Exchange has over 750 listed companies. The city hosts over 50 diplomatic missions and the headquarters of BIMSTEC. The city's culture is known for its cycle-rickshaws, cuisine, art festivals and religious diversity. The old city is home to around 2000 buildings from the Mughal and British periods, including notable structures such as the Bara Katra and Choto Katra caravansaries.", "Q170470": "Edward V (2 November 1470 \u2013 c.\u20091483) succeeded his father, Edward IV, as King of England and Lord of Ireland upon the latter's death on 9 April 1483. Edward V was never crowned, and his brief reign was dominated by the influence of his uncle and Lord Protector, the Duke of Gloucester, who deposed him to reign as Richard III on 26 June 1483; this was confirmed by the Act entitled Titulus Regius, which denounced any further claims through his father's heirs.\nEdward and his younger brother Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, were the Princes in the Tower who disappeared after being sent to heavily guarded royal lodgings in the Tower of London. Responsibility for their deaths is widely attributed to Richard III, but the lack of any solid evidence and conflicting contemporary accounts allow for other possibilities.", "Q86308": "Karl (or Carl) Gottfried Ritter von Leitner (November 18, 1800 \u2013 June 20, 1890) was an Austrian author and publicist from Graz, Styria, Austria.\nFrom 1837 to 1854 he was the first Secretary to the Estates in Styria. He was the editor of the newspaper Steiermark Zeitschrift (Styria Times). He was the curator of the Landesmuseum Joanneum (Joanneum National Museum) in Graz from 1858 to 1864, and co-founded the Historical Association for Styrian Friendship with Peter Rosegger.\nSome of his ballads were set to music by Franz Schubert.", "Q65093": "Schluein is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q185189": "William Douglas Cullen, Baron Cullen of Whitekirk, (born 18 November 1935) is a former senior member of the Scottish judiciary. He formerly served as Lord Justice General and Lord President of the Court of Session, and was an additional Lord of Appeal in the House of Lords prior to the transfer of its judicial functions to the Supreme Court.", "Q166212": "Edward Vincent Bracken (February 7, 1915 \u2013 November 14, 2002) was an American actor. Bracken became a Hollywood comedy legend with lead performances in the films Hail the Conquering Hero and The Miracle of Morgan's Creek both in 1944, both of which have been preserved by the National Film Registry. During this era, he also had success on Broadway, with performances in plays like Too Many Girls (1939).\nBracken's later movie roles include National Lampoon's Vacation (1983), Oscar (1991), Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992), and Rookie of the Year (1993).", "Q15574": "The University of Adelaide (informally Adelaide University) is a public university located in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1874, it is the third-oldest university in Australia. The university's main campus is located on North Terrace in the Adelaide city centre, adjacent to the Art Gallery of South Australia, the South Australian Museum and the State Library of South Australia.\nThe university has four campuses, three in South Australia: North Terrace campus in the city, Roseworthy campus at Roseworthy and Waite campus at Urrbrae, and one in Melbourne, Victoria. The university also operates out of other areas such as Thebarton, the National Wine Centre in the Adelaide Park Lands, and in Singapore through the Ngee Ann-Adelaide Education Centre.\nThe University of Adelaide is composed of five faculties, with each containing constituent schools. These include the Faculty of Engineering, Computer, and Mathematical Sciences (ECMS), the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, the Faculty of Arts, the Faculty of the Professions, and the Faculty of Sciences. It is a member of the Group of Eight and the Association of Commonwealth Universities. The university is also a member of the Sandstone universities, which mostly consist of colonial-era universities within Australia.\nThe university is associated with five Nobel laureates, constituting one-third of Australia's total Nobel Laureates, and 110 Rhodes scholars. The university has had a considerable impact on the public life of South Australia, having educated many of the state's leading businesspeople, lawyers, medical professionals and politicians. The university has been associated with many notable achievements and discoveries, such as the discovery and development of penicillin, the development of space exploration, sunscreen, the military tank, Wi-Fi, polymer banknotes and X-ray crystallography, and the study of viticulture and oenology.", "Q169121": "Zde\u0148ka Baldov\u00e1, born as Zde\u0148ka Bala\u0161ov\u00e1, married Hilarov\u00e1 (20 February 1885 \u2013 26 September 1958) was a Czech film actress. She appeared in more than 60 films between 1921 and 1958.\nBaldov\u00e1 is buried at the Vinohrady Cemetery.", "Q2850847": "Anne-Marie Couderc (born 13 February 1950) is a French politician and business executive.\nCouderc was a Deputy from Paris from 1993 to 1995, Secretary of State and Minister responsible for Employment from 1995 to 1997. She was President of Presstalis, from 2010 to 2017 and has been acting Chair of the Board of Air France-KLM since 15 May 2018.", "Q2464819": "Philip \"Phil\" Van Zandt (October 4, 1904 \u2013 February 15, 1958) was a Dutch-American actor of film, stage and television. He made over 220 film and television appearances between 1939 and 1958.", "Q1699298": "John Bedford Lloyd (born January 2, 1956) is an American actor.\n\n", "Q678505": "Henning Toft Bro (born October 23, 1956 in Thybor\u00f8n) is a Danish prelate currently being the Bishop of Aalborg, Denmark.", "Q77497": "Christoph Hein (born 8 April 1944) is a German author and translator.\nHe grew up in the village Bad D\u00fcben near Leipzig. Being a clergyman's son and thus not allowed to attend the Erweiterte Oberschule in the GDR, he received secondary education at a gymnasium in the western part of Berlin. After his Abitur he jobbed inter alia as assembler, bookseller and assistant director. From 1967 to 1971 Hein studied philosophy in Leipzig and Berlin. Upon graduation he became dramatic adviser at the Volksb\u00fchne in Berlin, where he worked as a resident writer from 1974. Since 1979 Hein has worked as a freelance writer.\nHein first became known for his 1982 novella Der fremde Freund (The Distant Lover).\nFrom 1998 to 2000 Hein was the first president of the pan-German PEN-Centre.According to Hein, the acclaimed film drama The Lives of Others is loosely based on his life story. In a 2019 article, he claims that after attending the premiere screening, he asked author and director von Donnersmarck to have his name removed from the credits, because he felt that the movie was a \"scary tale\" that \"does not depict the 1980s in the GDR\".", "Q83270": "Hard rock is a loosely-defined subgenre of rock music typified by a heavy use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, and drums, sometimes accompanied with keyboards. It began in the mid-1960s with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as the Who, Boston, Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, Kiss, Queen, AC/DC and Van Halen. During the 1980s, some hard-rock bands moved away from their hard-rock roots and more towards pop rock,\nEstablished bands made a comeback in the mid-1980s and hard rock reached a commercial peak in the 1980s, with glam metal bands like Bon Jovi, and Def Leppard and the rawer sounds of Guns N' Roses, which followed up with great success in the later part of that decade.\nHard rock began losing popularity with the commercial success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge and later Britpop in the 1990s. Despite this, many post-grunge bands adopted a hard rock sound, and the 2000s saw a renewed interest in established bands, attempts at a revival, and new hard-rock bands that emerged from the garage rock and post-punk revival scenes. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like the White Stripes, the Strokes, Interpol and, later, the Black Keys. In the 2000s only a few hard-rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers.", "Q69871": "Kerzers is a municipality in the district of See in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. Its French name is Chi\u00e8tres.", "Q47554": "Toru\u0144 (UK: , US: , Polish: [\u02c8t\u0254ruj\u0303] (listen); German: Thorn) is a historical city on the Vistula River in north-central Poland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its population was 202,074, as of December 2018. Previously, it was the capital of the Toru\u0144 Voivodeship (1975\u20131998) and the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1921\u20131945). Since 1999, Toru\u0144 has been a seat of the self-government of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and, as such, is one of its two capitals, together with Bydgoszcz. The cities and neighboring counties form the Bydgoszcz\u2013Toru\u0144 twin city metropolitan area.\nToru\u0144 is one of the oldest cities in Poland, with the first settlement dated back to the 8th century and later having been expanded in 1233 by the Teutonic Knights. Over centuries, it was the home for people of diverse backgrounds and religions. From 1264 until 1411 Toru\u0144 was part of the Hanseatic League and by the 17th century it was one of the elite trading points, which greatly affected the city's architecture ranging from Brick Gothic to Mannerism and Baroque. In the early-modern age, Toru\u0144 was a royal city of Poland and it was one of the four largest cities in the country at the time. After the partitions of Poland it was part of Prussia and later the German Empire. After Poland regained independence in 1918, Toru\u0144 was reincorporated into Polish territory, and during World War II was spared from bombing and destruction. This allowed the Old Town to be fully preserved with its iconic central marketplace.Believed to be one of the most beautiful cities in Europe, Toru\u0144 is renowned for the Museum of Gingerbread, whose baking tradition dates back nearly a millennium, and its large Cathedral. Toru\u0144 is noted for its very high standard of living and quality of life. In 1997 the medieval part of the city was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 2007 the Old Town in Toru\u0144 was added to the list of Seven Wonders of Poland.\nToru\u0144 is the birthplace of astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.", "Q186480": "Margarita Miriam D\u00edaz Aroca (born 4 March 1962, in Madrid) is a Spanish actress and television presenter.", "Q38380": "Angers (UK: , US: , French: [\u0251\u0303\u0292e] (listen)) is a city in western France, about 300 km (190 mi) southwest of Paris. It is chef-lieu of the Maine-et-Loire department and was the capital of the province of Anjou until the French Revolution. The inhabitants of both the city and the province are called Angevins. Not including the metropolitan area, Angers is the third most populous commune in northwestern France after Nantes and Rennes and the 17th in France.For centuries, Angers was an important stronghold in northwestern France. It was the cradle of the Plantagenet dynasty and became one of the intellectual centers of Europe during the reign of Ren\u00e9 of Anjou. Angers developed at the confluence of three rivers, the Mayenne, the Sarthe, and the Loir, all coming from the north and flowing south to the Loire. Their confluence, just north of Angers, creates the Maine, a short but wide river that flows into the Loire several kilometres south. The Angers metropolitan area is a major economic centre in western France, particularly active in industry, horticulture, and tourism.Angers proper covers 42.70 square kilometers (16.5 sq mi) and has a population of 147,305 inhabitants, while around 394,700 live in its metropolitan area. The Angers Loire M\u00e9tropole is made up of 30 communes covering 540 square kilometers (208 square miles) with 287,000 inhabitants.\nAngers enjoys a rich cultural life, made possible by its universities and museums. The old medieval center is still dominated by the massive ch\u00e2teau of the Plantagen\u00eats, home of the Apocalypse Tapestry, the biggest medieval tapestry ensemble in the world. Angers is also both at the edge of the Val de Loire, a World Heritage Site, and the Loire-Anjou-Touraine regional natural park.\n\n", "Q997481": "Bubblegum pop (also known as bubblegum music or simply bubblegum) is a genre of music with an upbeat sound contrived and marketed to appeal to pre-teens and teenagers, which may be produced in an assembly-line process, driven by producers and often using unknown singers. Bubblegum's classic period ran from 1967 to 1972. A second wave of bubblegum began two years later and ran until 1977 when disco took over.\nThe genre was predominantly a singles phenomenon rather than an album-oriented one. Acts were typically manufactured in the studio using session musicians, and most bubblegum pop groups were one-hit wonders. Among the best-known acts of bubblegum's golden era are 1910 Fruitgum Company (a clear exception to the one-hit wonder rule), the Lemon Pipers (\"Green Tambourine\", credited as being the first bubblegum pop chart-topper), the Ohio Express (\"Yummy Yummy Yummy\"), and the Archies, an animated group which had the most successful bubblegum song with \"Sugar, Sugar\", Billboard Magazine's No. 1 single for 1969. Singer Tommy Roe also scored several hits during the era, including the 1969 number one hit \"Dizzy\".", "Q113855": "Christina Brabetz (* born 8 October 1993 in Windhoek, Namibia) is a South African-German violinist.", "Q85601": "Otto Katz, also known as Andr\u00e9 Simone amongst other aliases, was born in Jistebnice south of Prague, Bohemia, on May 27, 1895. He was hanged on December 3, 1952, after he was convicted in the Sl\u00e1nsk\u00fd trial. He was one of the most influential agents of the Soviet Union under Stalin in Western intellectual and artistic circles during the 1930s and 1940s.\nKnown for his many pseudonyms, his seductiveness, his cynicism and versatility, from Paris to Hollywood from Mexico City to London, he participated in all the major Comintern disinformation campaigns in the 1930s, under the leadership of Willi M\u00fcnzenberg who he eventually usurped after spying on him for the NKVD, if the rumours were to be believed.He became an international spy unconditionally faithful to Stalin, and unlike some of the communist Jewish intellectuals who ran the Comintern at the time, he accepted the German-Soviet Pact and was entrusted with the implementation of secret policies by Stalin's politburo. He was strongly suspected, without conclusive evidence, of involvement as Ramon Mercader's handler in the assassination of Leon Trotsky, and in the supposed murder of Willi M\u00fcnzenberg who was found hanged in a French forest. Various purges, liquidations and murders required by Stalin during the Spanish Civil War are also attributed to him.\nHe was tried under the name Andr\u00e9 Simone in the Sl\u00e1nsk\u00fd trial, convicted and eventually hanged in the Ruzyn\u011b prison at 3am on December 3, 1952. His body was cremated and his ashes were scattered beside a small road near Prague.", "Q444250": "Rebecca Holden is an American actress and singer.", "Q706965": "Michael Timothy \"Bueno\" Good (born October 13, 1962) is a retired NASA astronaut and retired commissioned officer in the United States Air Force, holding the rank of Colonel. Mike Good flew aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis for its STS-125 mission. STS-125 was the final Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission. Good flew as Mission Specialist 2 on STS-132.", "Q28193": "The New World is a 2005 British-American epic romantic historical drama film written and directed by Terrence Malick, depicting the founding of the Jamestown, Virginia, settlement and inspired by the historical figures Captain John Smith, Pocahontas of the Powhatan tribe, and Englishman John Rolfe. It is the fourth feature film written and directed by Malick.\nThe cast includes Colin Farrell, Q'orianka Kilcher, Christopher Plummer, Christian Bale, August Schellenberg, Wes Studi, David Thewlis and Yorick van Wageningen. The production team includes director of photography Emmanuel Lubezki, producer Sarah Green, production designer Jack Fisk, costume designer Jacqueline West and film editors Richard Chew, Hank Corwin, Saar Klein and Mark Yoshikawa.\nThe New World received many award nominations for Lubezki's cinematography, Kilcher's acting and Horner's score. The work was initially met with an only mildly positive critical response, although several critics later ranked it as one of the best films of the decade.", "Q76789": "\u00c1ngeles Balbiani Morea (born August 7, 1981) is an Argentine actress, the best known of her role of Felicitas Mitre on Cris Morena's television series Rebelde Way.", "Q1764329": "Four Shades of Brown (Swedish: Fyra nyanser av brunt) is a 2004 Swedish film written by the comedy group Killingg\u00e4nget and directed by their member Tomas Alfredson. The film stars Robert Gustafsson, Johan Rheborg, Henrik Schyffert, Jonas Inde, Maria Kulle and Ulf Brunnberg. The film consists of four interwoven stories about life tragedies, each related to fatherhood as the common theme. It was produced by Sveriges Television.\nThe film won four Guldbagge Awards including Best Director and Best Actor for Gustafsson. In 2005 it was aired on television as four mid-length television films, which had been reedited with additional footage.", "Q180797": "Anno II (c.\u20091010 \u2013 4 December 1075) was Archbishop of Cologne from 1056 until his death. From 1063 to 1065 he acted as regent of the Holy Roman Empire for the minor Emperor Henry IV. Anno is venerated as a saint of the Catholic Church.", "Q191842": "Jesse McCartney (born April 9, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor. He achieved fame in the late 1990s on the daytime drama All My Children as JR Chandler. He later joined boy band Dream Street, and eventually branched out into a solo musical career. Additionally, McCartney has appeared on shows such as Law & Order: SVU, Summerland, and Greek. McCartney also is known for lending his voice as Theodore in Alvin and the Chipmunks and its sequels, as well as voicing Robin/Nightwing in Young Justice and Roxas and Ventus in the video game series Kingdom Hearts developed by Square Enix.", "Q125459": "Marlies B\u00e4nziger (born 14 March 1960) is a Swiss politician of the Green Party of Switzerland.", "Q355112": "Louis Jean Joseph Charles Blanc (; French: [bl\u0251\u0303]; 29 October 1811 \u2013 6 December 1882) was a French politician and historian. A socialist who favored reforms, he called for the creation of cooperatives in order to guarantee employment for the urban poor.\nFollowing the Revolution of 1848, Blanc became a member of the provisional government and began advocating for cooperatives which would be initially aided by the government but ultimately controlled by the workers themselves. Blanc's advocacy failed and, caught between radical worker tendencies and the National Guard, he was forced into exile. Blanc returned to France in 1870, shortly before the conclusion of the Franco-Prussian war and served as a member of the National Assembly. While he did not support the Paris Commune, Blanc successfully proposed amnesty to the Communards.\nAlthough Blanc's ideas of the workers' cooperatives were never realized, his political and social ideas greatly contributed to the development of socialism in France.", "Q85167": "Gisela Stein (2 October 1935 \u2013 4 May 2009) was a German actress.", "Q741390": "Philip Cunningham (born 7 December 1974 in Macclesfield, Cheshire) is an English guitarist who is a member of the bands Marion, New Order, Bad Lieutenant and ShadowParty.\n\n", "Q207640": "Robert Ervin Howard (January 22, 1906 \u2013 June 11, 1936) was an American author who wrote pulp fiction in a diverse range of genres. He is well known for his character Conan the Barbarian and is regarded as the father of the sword and sorcery subgenre.\nHoward was born and raised in Texas. He spent most of his life in the town of Cross Plains, with some time spent in nearby Brownwood. A bookish and intellectual child, he was also a fan of boxing and spent some time in his late teens bodybuilding, eventually taking up amateur boxing. From the age of nine he dreamed of becoming a writer of adventure fiction but did not have real success until he was 23. Thereafter, until his death by suicide at age 30, Howard's writings were published in a wide selection of magazines, journals, and newspapers, and he became proficient in several subgenres. His greatest success occurred after his death.\nAlthough a Conan novel was nearly published in 1934, Howard's stories were never collected during his lifetime. The main outlet for his stories was Weird Tales, where Howard created Conan the Barbarian. With Conan and his other heroes, Howard helped fashion the genre now known as sword and sorcery, spawning many imitators and giving him a large influence in the fantasy field. Howard remains a highly-read author, with his best works still reprinted.\nHoward's suicide and the circumstances surrounding it have led to speculation about his mental health. His mother had been ill with tuberculosis his entire life, and upon learning she had entered a coma from which she was not expected to wake, he walked out to his car and shot himself in the head.", "Q295322": "Metta World Peace (born Ronald William Artest Jr.; November 13, 1979) is an American professional basketball coach and former player. He is currently the player development coach for the South Bay Lakers of the NBA G League. He was known as Ron Artest before legally changing his name in September 2011.\nWorld Peace gained a reputation as one of the league's premier defenders as he won the NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award in 2004 when he was also named an NBA All-Star and earned All-NBA honors. He was a participant in several controversial on-court incidents, most notably the Malice at the Palace, and is known for his sometimes eccentric and outspoken behavior. He won an NBA championship in 2010 as a member of the Los Angeles Lakers.\nArtest played high school basketball at La Salle Academy and college basketball at St. John's University. He has played for six teams in the NBA.", "Q241615": "Richard Scott Bakker (born February 2, 1967, Simcoe, Ontario) is a Canadian fantasy author and frequent lecturer in the South Western Ontario university community. He grew up on a tobacco farm in the Simcoe area. In 1986 he attended the University of Western Ontario to pursue a degree in literature and later an MA in theory and criticism. Since the late 1990s, he has been attempting to elucidate theories of media bubbles and the intellectual alienation of the working class. After all but dissertation in a PhD in philosophy at Vanderbilt University he returned to London, Ontario where he now lives with his wife and daughter. He spends his time writing split between his fiction and his ongoing philosophic inquiry.\n\n", "Q353563": "Albert Graham Ingalls (January 16, 1888\u2013August 13, 1958) was an American scientific editor and amateur astronomer. Through his columns in Scientific American, including \"The Amateur Scientist\", and his three-volume series Amateur Telescope Making, Ingalls exerted a great influence on amateur astronomy and amateur telescope making in the United States.", "Q1620219": "Hiroaki Nakanishi KBE (\u4e2d\u897f \u5b8f\u660e, Nakanishi Hiroaki, born March 14, 1946) is a Japanese businessman and the current chairman of Hitachi, a Japanese multinational electronics and engineering conglomerate. He became the 10th president of Hitachi in 2010, and in 2014, assumed the position of chairman and CEO. He is also chairman of the compensation committee and general manager of the post-earthquake reconstruction & redevelopment division.", "Q93705": "Daniel Swarovski (24 October 1862 \u2013 23 January 1956) was a Czech-born Austrian glass cutter, jeweler, and founder of the Swarovski crystal dynasty.", "Q324933": "Stolen Kisses (French: Baisers vol\u00e9s) is a 1968 French romantic comedy-drama film directed by Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut starring Jean-Pierre L\u00e9aud and Claude Jade. It continues the story of the character Antoine Doinel, whom Truffaut had previously depicted in The 400 Blows and the short film Antoine and Colette. In this film, Antoine begins his relationship with Christine Darbon, which is depicted further in the last two films in the series, Bed & Board and Love on the Run.\nThe original French title of the film comes from a line in Charles Trenet's song \"Que reste-t-il de nos amours ?\" which is also used as the film's signature tune. The film was nominated for Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.The film begins with a pan onto the locked gates of the Cin\u00e9math\u00e8que Fran\u00e7aise then based at the Palais du Chaillot. On the gates there is a sign 'Relache' ('Closed'). This is Truffaut's reference to the Affaire Langlois when the head of the Cin\u00e9math\u00e8que had been sacked by the French government. He was eventually reinstated after filmmakers like Truffaut used all their wiles to foment protest.", "Q123028": "Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or p\u00e6diatrics) is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people be under pediatric care up to the age of 21 (though usually only minors are required to be under pediatric care). A medical doctor who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician, or paediatrician. The word pediatrics and its cognates mean \"healer of children\"; they derive from two Greek words: \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 (pais \"child\") and \u1f30\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 (iatros \"doctor, healer\"). Pediatricians work both in hospitals, particularly those working in its subspecialties such as neonatology, and as outpatient primary care physicians.", "Q4913428": "William Walker (born Stepney, London, 3 March 1939) is a British retired heavyweight boxer and actor. He turned professional in 1961 after 39 amateur bouts. His nickname was \"Golden Boy\". His professional record was 21 wins (16 by knockout), 8 losses and 2 draws. During 1967, he fought for both the British and European titles, losing to Henry Cooper (Great Britain) and Karl Mildenberger (West Germany) respectively. After he retired from the ring in 1969 he appeared in several British films and TV shows. His autobiography When the Gloves Came Off was published in 2007.", "Q181489": "Eusebius of Vercelli (c. March 2, 283 \u2013 August 1, 371) was a bishop from Sardinia and is counted a saint. Along with Athanasius, he affirmed the divinity of Jesus against Arianism.", "Q3309577": "Michel Antoine Gaston Esteban (born 7 May 1951) is a French record producer, record company executive, cultural center director and former magazine editor, who founded the Paris shop Harry Cover in 1973, was influential in the early development of punk rock, and, together with Michael Zilkha, established the New York-based record label ZE Records in 1978.", "Q207898": "Manu Chao (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8manu \u02c8t\u0283ao]; born Jos\u00e9-Manuel Thomas Arthur Chao, June 21, 1961) is a French musician of Spanish descent. He sings in French, Spanish, English, Italian, Arabic, Catalan, Galician, Portuguese, Greek and occasionally in other languages. Chao began his musical career in Paris, busking and playing with groups such as Hot Pants and Los Carayos, which combined a variety of languages and musical styles. With friends and his brother Antoine Chao, he founded the band Mano Negra in 1987, achieving considerable success, particularly in Europe. He became a solo artist after its breakup in 1995, and since then tours regularly with his live band, Radio Bemba.", "Q71958": "Tivadar Millner (7 March 1899 \u2013 28 October 1988)\n\nwas a Hungarian chemical engineer, educator, and inventor who developed tungsten lamps.\n\nWorking at Tungsram, Tivadar Millner, along with P\u00e1l T\u00fary,\nco-developed large-crystal tungsten technology for the production of more reliable and longer-lasting coiled filament lamps.In 1923 at Tungsram Ltd., a research laboratory was established for improving light sources, mainly electric bulbs.\nThe head of that laboratory was Ign\u00e1cz Pfeiffer (1867-1941), whose research staff included Tivadar Millner, along with Zolt\u00e1n Bay (1900-1992), Imre Br\u00f3dy (1891-1944), Gy\u00f6rgy Szigeti (1905-1978), and Ern\u0151 Winter (1897-1971).", "Q674459": "The Mittaghorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Bern and Valais. It is situated in the middle of the Lauterbrunnen Wall.", "Q2597985": "Xenophon Emmanuel Kasdaglis, or Xenophon Casdagli, (Greek: \u039e\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd \u0395\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ae\u03bb \u039a\u03ac\u03c3\u03b4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2; 27 February 1880 \u2013 2 May 1943) was an Egyptiote Greek \u2013 later on British citizen \u2013 tennis player. He competed in the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens.", "Q937151": "Aleksi \"Ali\" Aaltonen (2 August 1884 \u2013 May 1918) was a Finnish journalist and former lieutenant of the Russian Imperial Army, who served as the first commander-in-chief of the Finnish Red Guards from November 1917 to the end of January 1918. He was executed after the Finnish Civil War in May 1918.", "Q311750": "Penn Dayton Badgley (born November 1, 1986) is an American actor and musician. He has received wide media attention, including for his roles as Dan Humphrey in The CW teen drama series Gossip Girl (2007\u20132012), and as Joe Goldberg in the Netflix thriller series You (2018\u2013present). \nBadgley has appeared in a number of films, including\nJohn Tucker Must Die (2006), The Stepfather (2009), Easy A (2010), Margin Call (2011), and Greetings from Tim Buckley (2012). He is also the lead singer for Brooklyn-based indie band MOTHXR, whose studio album, Centerfold, was released in 2016.", "Q657280": "Jean Effel, real name Fran\u00e7ois Lejeune (12 February 1908, Paris \u2013 10 October 1982) was a French painter, caricaturist, illustrator and journalist. Mostly he considered himself to be a journalist and political commentator. His pseudonym is created by his initials F. L.", "Q88443": "Ewald Nowotny (German pronunciation: [\u02cce\u02d0valt no\u02c8v\u0254tni\u02d0]) (born June 28, 1944 in Vienna) is an Austrian economist and social democratic politician and former governor of Austria's central bank Oesterreichische Nationalbank. He was also a member of the European Central Bank\u2019s governing council.", "Q120521": "Gerold B\u00fchrer (born 23 June 1948) is a Swiss politician and member of the National Council (1991-2007).\nB\u00fchrer presided the Free Democratic Party (FDP/PRD) in 2001/2002. He was member of the parliament of the Canton of Schaffhausen from 1982 to 1991. \nFrom 1991 to 2000, B\u00fchrer was head of Corporate Treasury and Executive Committee member of Georg Fischer AG (CFO). \nB\u00fchrer is currently a member of the board of directors of Swiss Life (Vice Chairman), Georg Fischer AG, Bank Sal. Oppenheim jr. & Cie. (Schweiz) AG, Cellere AG, Z\u00fcblin Immobilien Holding AG, as well as a member of a regional advisory board of Deutsche Bank AG.", "Q73197": "Anke Fuchs ([\u02c8a\u014bk\u0259 f\u028aks]; n\u00e9e Nevermann; 5 July 1937 \u2013 14 October 2019), was a German lawyer and politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. She was Federal Minister for Youth, Family and Health (1982) and Vice President of the Bundestag (1998\u20132002). From 2003 until 2010, she was the president of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation.", "Q111924": "Holger Zastrow (born 12 January 1969 in Dresden) is a German politician of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany (FDP). He is President of state party in Saxony (since 1999) and chairman of the FDP parliamentary group in the Saxon Parliament (since 2004). He is also a member of the federal board of the FDP.After the formation of a CDU-FDP coalition government in Saxony in 2009, he decided against taking the position as Deputy Prime Minister, choosing to remain chair of the parliamentary group.", "Q168559": "In the military, a political commissar or political officer (or politruk, a portmanteau from Russian: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, pronounced politicheskiy rukovoditel, translated \"political leader\", \"political official\"), is a supervisory officer responsible for the political education (ideology) and organization of the unit they are assigned to, and intended to ensure civilian control of the military.\nThe function first appeared as commissaire politique (political commissioner) or repr\u00e9sentant en mission (representative on mission) in the French Revolutionary Army during the Revolution (1789\u201399). It also existed, with interruptions, in the Soviet Red Army from 1918 to 1942, as well as in the armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1943 to 1945 as Nationalsozialistischer F\u00fchrungsoffiziere (national-socialist leadership officers). The function remains in use in China's People's Liberation Army.", "Q274876": "8 Foot Sativa is a New Zealand-based extreme metal band formed in 1998. Their most famous single is their self-titled song, \"8 Foot Sativa\", which was number one on the M2 (a late night New Zealand music show) top 12 list for 12 weeks, and stayed on the chart for seven months. The band has toured and released albums internationally, and have played alongside artists such as Fear Factory, Soulfly, Korn, Slipknot, System of a Down, Children of Bodom, Disturbed, Mot\u00f6rhead, Pungent Stench, Shihad and Corrosion of Conformity. 8 Foot Sativa have become a household name in New Zealand and are known as the most successful metal band to come out of the country to date.", "Q129263": "William Grant \"Bill\" Moggridge, RDI (25 June 1943 \u2013 8 September 2012) was a British designer, author and educator who cofounded the design company IDEO and was director of the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum in New York. He was a pioneer in adopting a human-centred approach in design, and championed interaction design as a mainstream design discipline (he is given credit for coining the term). Among his achievements, he designed the first laptop computer, the GRiD Compass, was honoured for Lifetime Achievement from the National Design Awards, and given the Prince Philip Designers Prize. He was quoted as saying, \"If there is a simple, easy principle that binds everything I have done together, it is my interest in people and their relationship to things.\"", "Q55636": "Don Miguel Gregorio Antonio Francisco Ignacio Hidalgo-Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villase\u00f1or (8 May 1753 \u2013 30 July 1811), more commonly known as Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla or Miguel Hidalgo (Spanish pronunciation: [mi\u02c8\u0263el i\u02c8\u00f0al\u0263o]), was a New Spanish Roman Catholic priest, a leader of the Mexican War of Independence, and recognized as the Father of the Nation.\nHe was a professor at the Colegio de San Nicol\u00e1s Obispo in Valladolid and was ousted in 1792. He served in a church in Colima and then in Dolores. After his arrival, he was shocked by the rich soil he had found. He tried to help the poor by showing them how to grow olives and grapes, but in New Spain (modern Mexico) growing these crops was discouraged or prohibited by the authorities so as to avoid competition with imports from Spain. In 1810 he gave the famous speech, \"Cry of Dolores\", calling upon the people to protect the interest of their King Fernando VII (held captive by Napoleon) by revolting against the European-born Spaniards who had overthrown the Spanish Viceroy.He marched across Mexico and gathered an army of nearly 90,000 poor farmers and Mexican civilians who attacked and killed both Spanish Peninsulares and Criollo elites, even though Hidalgo's troops lacked training and were poorly armed. These troops ran into an army of 6,000 well-trained and armed Spanish troops; most of Hidalgo's troops fled or were killed at the Battle of Calder\u00f3n Bridge. After the battle, Hidalgo and his remaining troops fled north, but Hidalgo was betrayed, captured and executed.", "Q160105": "Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix. It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Early on, typically no symptoms are seen. Later symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse. While bleeding after sex may not be serious, it may also indicate the presence of cervical cancer.Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) causes more than 90% of cases; most people who have had HPV infections, however, do not develop cervical cancer. Other risk factors include smoking, a weak immune system, birth control pills, starting sex at a young age, and having many sexual partners, but these are less important. Cervical cancer typically develops from precancerous changes over 10 to 20 years. About 90% of cervical cancer cases are squamous cell carcinomas, 10% are adenocarcinoma, and a small number are other types. Diagnosis is typically by cervical screening followed by a biopsy. Medical imaging is then done to determine whether or not the cancer has spread.HPV vaccines protect against two to seven high-risk strains of this family of viruses and may prevent up to 90% of cervical cancers. As a risk of cancer still exists, guidelines recommend continuing regular Pap tests. Other methods of prevention include having few or no sexual partners and the use of condoms. Cervical cancer screening using the Pap test or acetic acid can identify precancerous changes, which when treated, can prevent the development of cancer. Treatment may consist of some combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Five-year survival rates in the United States are 68%. Outcomes, however, depend very much on how early the cancer is detected.Worldwide, cervical cancer is both the fourth-most common cause of cancer and the fourth-most common cause of death from cancer in women. In 2012, an estimated 528,000 cases of cervical cancer occurred, with 266,000 deaths. This is about 8% of the total cases and total deaths from cancer. About 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of deaths occur in developing countries. In low-income countries, it is one of the most common causes of cancer death. In developed countries, the widespread use of cervical screening programs has dramatically reduced rates of cervical cancer. In medical research, the most famous immortalized cell line, known as HeLa, was developed from cervical cancer cells of a woman named Henrietta Lacks.", "Q63390": "Alexander Martin Lippisch (November 2, 1894 \u2013 February 11, 1976) was a German aeronautical engineer, a pioneer of aerodynamics who made important contributions to the understanding of tailless aircraft, delta wings and the ground effect, and also worked in the U.S. His most famous designs are the Messerschmitt Me 163 rocket-powered interceptor and the Dornier Aerodyne.", "Q7057": "Lehrte is a town in the district of Hanover, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 17 km east of Hanover. In the 19th century Lehrte was the most important railway junction in the former Kingdom of Hanover. As of the 21st century, it has a population of 43,000.", "Q862178": "Willie Gathrel \"Bill\" Hefner (April 11, 1930 \u2013 September 2, 2009), was a Democratic U.S. Congressman from North Carolina, serving between 1975 and 1999.\n\n", "Q2546306": "William Sylvester Harley (December 29, 1880 \u2013 September 18, 1943) was an American mechanical engineer and businessman. He was one of the co-founders of the Harley-Davidson Motor Company.", "Q2079473": "Gregory Vincent \"Greg\" Collins (born December 8, 1952) is an American actor and a former professional American football player who played in three National Football League seasons from 1975-1977 for the San Francisco 49ers, the Seattle Seahawks and the Buffalo Bills. He played college football at the University of Notre Dame, and played on the 1973 Notre Dame National Championship team under Ara Parseghian.As an actor he has appeared in films, including The Rock and New Alcatraz, and television shows, including 24, and True Blood. He also had four appearances in Full House as Second Prisoner, Tough Guy, and Sy. He also had an appearance on The Jeff Foxworthy Show as a dry ice delivery man.", "Q504674": "Hans Carl Knudtzon (29 January 1751 \u2013 16 December 1823) was a Norwegian merchant, ship-owner and politician. Born in the north of Germany to a mercantile family, he travelled to Trondheim, Norway, where he made success in the trading business. He made also success within politics, acting as vice burgomaster and subsequently burgomaster of Trondheim. At the end of his life he was decorated with numerous orders.", "Q73183": "Hans H\u00fcttig (5 April 1894 in Dresden \u2013 23 February 1980 in Wachenheim) was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) officer and Nazi concentration camp commandant.\n\n", "Q170302": "Ab\u016b-Muhammad Muslih al-D\u012bn bin Abdall\u0101h Sh\u012br\u0101z\u012b (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u200c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200e), better known by his pen name Saadi (; Persian: \u0633\u0639\u062f\u06cc\u200e, romanized: Sa\u02bfd\u012b, IPA: [s\u00e6\u0294\u02c8di\u02d0]), also known as Saadi of Shiraz (\u0633\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0632\u06cc, Sa\u02bfd\u012b Sh\u012br\u0101z\u012b; born 1210; died 1291 or 1292), was a major Persian poet and prose writer of the medieval period. He is recognized for the quality of his writings and for the depth of his social and moral thoughts. Saadi is widely recognized as one of the greatest poets of the classical literary tradition, earning him the nickname \"Master of Speech\" (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0633\u062e\u0646 ost\u00e2d-e soxan) or simply \"Master\" (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f ost\u00e2d) among Persian scholars. He has been quoted in the Western traditions as well. Bustan is considered one of the 100 greatest books of all time according to The Guardian.", "Q232837": "Katharine Juliet Ross (born January 29, 1940) is an American film and stage actress and author. She had starring roles as Elaine Robinson in The Graduate (1967), for which she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress; as Etta Place in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), for which she won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress; and as Joanna Eberhart in The Stepford Wives (1975). She won a Golden Globe for Voyage of the Damned (1976).", "Q515779": "Roberto \"Bobby\" Valent\u00edn (born June 9, 1941), is a musician and salsa bandleader. He is known as \"El Rey del Bajo\" (King of the Bass).", "Q96669": "Wilfred von Oven (born La Paz, Bolivia 4 May 1912 \u2013 died Buenos Aires, Argentina 13 June 2008) was between 1943 and the German capitulation in 1945 the personal Press adjutant of Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels.\nHe was born of German parents, the father's side having a strong military tradition. His father fell in Flanders in 1917: two uncles held high rank in the German Army, and of these Ernst von Oven (1859-1945) was the highest ranking German officer in the field at the Armistice and subsequently reported directly to the Minister of Defence. Both helped form Freikorps to combat communism and the revolutionary movement in Germany.\nWilfred von Oven joined the SA and National Socialist German Workers Party on 1 May 1931, but resigned from both exactly one year later in protest at the shift of National socialism to the Right (the \"Stennes Revolt\"). Oven was interested in journalism and served with the Legion Condor in Spain as a war correspondent. After obtaining an Army commission in 1939 he served with the Propaganda Ministry as a war correspondent reporting from the fronts in Poland and the Soviet Union during the Second World War. In 1943, with the rank of Lieutenant, the OKW appointed him as Goebbels' Press adjutant, which he remained until the end of the war.\nIn a German TV documentary on the \"German Resistance\", Oven described the events of the 20 July plot which he witnessed. On the afternoon in question the Propaganda Ministry on the Wilhelmstrasse, with Goebbels inside, was surrounded by disloyal troops. Goebbels ordered Oven to discover whether escape was possible. He found they were trapped but reported that the telephone system was still working, an oversight by the plotters which assisted in their downfall.\nAt the capitulation in 1945 Oven went into hiding under an assumed name to escape Allied internment: Werner Naumann, the replacement Propaganda Minister for Goebbels whose assistant Oven would have been, fled to Argentina in 1946, where Oven arrived in 1951. Oven was declared \"persona non grata\" by the Federal German Embassy in Buenos Aires and remained a committed National Socialist. He continued to reject Christianity for Germanic Neopaganism until his death. He was married, and the author of several books and numerous magazine articles.\nIn his book Auschwitz: The Nazis and The 'Final Solution', Laurence Rees discusses an interview he conducted with Oven. He was asked if he could sum up his experience of the Third Reich in one word, what would it be, to which Oven responded: \"Paradise\".", "Q619845": "The Regional Aerodrome Bern-Belp (IATA: BRN, ICAO: LSZB / LSMB), (marketing designation \"Bern Airport\", officially referred to as Regionalflugplatz Bern-Belp in German), is a regional aerodrome serving Bern, the de facto capital of Switzerland. The aerodrome is located within the town limits of Belp, and used to feature scheduled flights to some European metropolitan and several leisure destinations. It handled 183,319 passengers in 2016, a decrease of 3.5 percent over 2015.It was the home base of now defunct SkyWork Airlines whose grounding caused the aerodrome to lose more than 1/3 of its turnover. Currently the charter operator Helvetic Airways and Peoples Airways offer a limited number of flights during the holiday season, the Swiss Federal Government's air transport service Lufttransportdienst des Bundes have based two business jets at the aerodrome, the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service operator REGA has one of its bases at Belp and two helicopter transport companies as well as two flying schools (one motorised, one for gliders) operate at the aerodrome.", "Q440744": "Lisa Gracia Tuttle (born September 16, 1952) is an American-born science fiction, fantasy, and horror author. She has published more than a dozen novels, seven short story collections, and several non-fiction titles, including a reference book on feminism, Encyclopedia of Feminism (1986). She has also edited several anthologies and reviewed books for various publications. She has been living in the United Kingdom since 1981.\nTuttle won the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer in 1974, received the 1982 Nebula Award for Best Short Story for \"The Bone Flute\", which she refused, and the 1989 BSFA Award for Short Fiction for \"In Translation\".", "Q519143": "Jann Simon Wenner (born January 7, 1946) is an American magazine magnate who is the co-founder and publisher of the popular culture magazine Rolling Stone, and former owner of Men's Journal magazine. Born in New York City, Wenner graduated from Chadwick School and later attended the University of California, Berkeley. He dropped out, but while at Berkeley he participated in the Free Speech Movement. Wenner, with his mentor Ralph J. Gleason, co-founded Rolling Stone in 1967 with the help of a loan from family members and his soon-to-be wife.Later in his career, Wenner co-founded the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and has founded other publications. As a publisher and media figure, he has faced controversy regarding Hall of Fame eligibility favoritism, the breakdown of his relationship with famous gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson, and criticism that his magazine's reviews were biased.", "Q3160579": "Jaime Ravinet de la Fuente (born October 17, 1946 in Santiago, Chile, is a Chilean politician, lawyer, academic and businessman. From 1990 to 2000 he was Mayor of Santiago, before becoming the Minister for Housing, Urban Planning and National Property in 2001, a position he held until 2004. He then became the Minister for Defence until 11 March 2006. In February 2010 he was re-appointed as Minister of Defence by president-elect Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era but Ravinet resigned on January 13, 2011 after suggesting that the Chilean armed forces might be reluctant to help during humanitarian crises if that forced them to provide information about their expenses.He was born into a middle-class family, the eldest son of engineer Alfredo Ravinet and Alicia de la Fuente Larenas, who was Ravinet's second wife. He was educated at Santiago College, San Ignacio College and finally the University of Chile, where he studied law. He married political scientist Ximena Lyon Parot in January 1974, and has three children - Raul, Ximena and Macarena.", "Q539293": "Andr\u00e1s Batiz (born 31 May 1975) is a Hungarian anchorman who served as spokesman of the Hungarian government from 6 October 2004 to 1 August 2006.\nHe worked for the Magyar Telev\u00edzi\u00f3, then for the RTL Klub. He was the anchorman of the Focus, which is a daily report magazine, between 1997 and 2004. Batiz is married and has two children: Iv\u00e1n (b. 2006) and L\u00e9da (b. 2010).\nSince 2007 he is the owner and MD of Impact Works Ltd. where he leads communication trainings for managers primarily in Hungary and the neighboring countries.\n\n", "Q1535860": "Marc Macaulay (born October 13, 1957) is an American actor.", "Q444522": "Andr\u00e9a Ferr\u00e9ol (born Andr\u00e9e Louise Ferr\u00e9ol on January 6, 1947) is a French actress and officer of the Ordre national du M\u00e9rite (2009).\nHer debut was in the 1973 film La Grande bouffe, which made a big scandal at the Cannes Film Festival.", "Q3336793": "Nathaniel Pitt Langford (August 9, 1832 \u2013 October 18, 1911) was an explorer, businessman, bureaucrat, vigilante and historian from Saint Paul, Minnesota who played an important role in the early years of the Montana gold fields, territorial government and the creation of Yellowstone National Park.\n\n", "Q3438297": "Viggo Wider\u00f8e (13 August 1904 \u2013 8 January 2002) was a Norwegian aviator and entrepreneur. He founded Wider\u00f8e's Flyveselskap, Norway's third largest airline, in 1934. The airline is still in operation today.", "Q559567": "Peter Robert Edwin Viereck (August 5, 1916 \u2013 May 13, 2006) was an American poet and professor of history at Mount Holyoke College. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1949 for the collection Terror and Decorum. In 1955 he was a Fulbright Scholar at the University of Florence.", "Q4068828": "Derek Christian Kilmer (born January 1, 1974) is an American politician who has been the U.S. Representative for Washington's 6th congressional district since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, Kilmer previously served as a member of the Washington House of Representatives from 2005 to 2007 and as a member of the Washington State Senate from 2007 to 2013, representing the 26th district.\nOn March 5, 2012, Kilmer announced he was running to succeed Norm Dicks for the seat representing Washington's 6th congressional district. On November 6, 2012, Kilmer won the general election to become the district's next representative. He received 186,661 votes, to opponent Bill Driscoll's 129,725.", "Q663131": "Daniel Elmer Salmon (July 23, 1850 \u2013 August 30, 1914) was an American veterinary surgeon. He earned the first D.V.M. degree awarded in the United States, and spent his career studying animal diseases for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The bacterial genus Salmonella, which was discovered by an assistant, was named in his honor.", "Q201225": "Wang Can (177\u2013217), courtesy name Zhongxuan, was a Chinese politician and poet who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He contributed greatly to the establishment of laws and standards during the founding days of the vassal kingdom of Wei \u2013 the forerunner of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period \u2013 under the warlord Cao Cao, who was the de facto head of the Han central government in the final years of the Eastern Han dynasty. For his literary achievements, Wang Can was ranked among the Seven Scholars of Jian'an.\nWang Can was also renowned for his eidetic memory. The historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms described an incident where Wang Can was watching a game of weiqi. Someone accidentally knocked into the board and scattered the pieces. Wang Can then placed the pieces back to their original positions based on memory.", "Q27826534": "Symphony Number One (SNO) is a chamber orchestra primarily devoted to new music based in Baltimore, Maryland. SNO performs approximately concerts each year in musical venues in Mount Vernon, Baltimore, at Morgan State University, and across the city. Jordan Randall Smith is Symphony Number One\u2019s founder and current music director.", "Q2552373": "Yoshiaki Arata (\u8352\u7530 \u5409\u660e, Arata Yoshiaki, 22 May 1924 \u2013 5 June 2018) was a Japanese physicist. Arata was one of the pioneering researchers into nuclear fusion in Japan and a former professor at Osaka University. He is reported to be a strong nationalist, speaking only Japanese in public. He received the Order of Culture in 2006.Arata started researching and publishing in the field of cold fusion around 1998, together with his colleague Yue Chang Zhang.", "Q499757": "Tarakany! (previously Chetyre Tarakana \"The 4 Cockroaches\") is a Russian (Soviet) punk rock band based in Moscow. Tarakany! is one of the most famous Russian punk bands to have achieved mainstream success. Formed in 1991, the band has released 14 studio albums, 5 live albums, as well as a lot of splits and compilations. Tarakany! has repeatedly toured Russia and other CIS countries, Europe, Japan, Israel, Georgia, and Kazakhstan.\nTarakany! is one of the few Russian rock bands to create original music in both Russian and English.", "Q60699": "Zog I, King of the Albanians (Albanian: Naltmadhnija e tij Zogu I, Mbreti i Shqiptar\u00ebve, IPA: [\u02c8z\u0254\u0261u]; 8 October 1895 \u2013 9 April 1961), born Ahmet Muhtar Zogolli, taking the surname Zogu in 1922, was the leader of Albania from 1922 to 1939. He first served as Prime Minister of Albania (1922\u20131924), then as President (1925\u20131928), and finally as the first and only King (1928\u20131939).", "Q113699": "Barbara Valentin (born Ursula Ledersteger; 15 December 1940 \u2013 22 February 2002) was an Austrian actress. She worked in film, often with Rainer Werner Fassbinder.", "Q247516": "Paycheck is a 2003 American science fiction action film based on the short story of the same name by science fiction writer Philip K. Dick. The film was directed by John Woo and stars Ben Affleck, Uma Thurman, and Aaron Eckhart. Paul Giamatti, Michael C. Hall, Joe Morton, and Colm Feore also appear.", "Q124035": "Ota \u0160ik (11 September 1919 \u2013 22 August 2004) was a Czech economist and politician. He was the man behind the New Economic Model (economy liberalization plan) and was one of the key figures in the Prague Spring.", "Q201543": "Niccol\u00f2 Fontana Tartaglia (Italian: [nikko\u02c8l\u0254 ffon\u02c8ta\u02d0na tar\u02c8ta\u028e\u028ea]; 1499/1500, Brescia \u2013 13 December 1557, Venice) was an Italian mathematician, engineer (designing fortifications), a surveyor (of topography, seeking the best means of defense or offense) and a bookkeeper from the then-Republic of Venice (now part of Italy). He published many books, including the first Italian translations of Archimedes and Euclid, and an acclaimed compilation of mathematics. Tartaglia was the first to apply mathematics to the investigation of the paths of cannonballs, known as ballistics, in his Nova Scientia (A New Science); his work was later partially validated and partially superseded by Galileo's studies on falling bodies. He also published a treatise on retrieving sunken ships.\n\n", "Q77483": "Marie Hankel (1844\u20131929) was a German writer of Esperanto literature. She is known for founding the Esperantista Literatura Asocio (Esperanto Literature Association) She also advocated for women's suffrage.", "Q276913": "Ernesto McCausland Sojo (January 4, 1961\u2013 November 21, 2012) was a Colombian journalist, writer and filmmaker.", "Q16069": "Biberach an der Riss (German: Biberach an der Ri\u00df), often referred to as simply Biberach (German pronunciation: [\u02c8bi\u02d0b\u0259\u0281ax]), is a town in southern Germany. It is the capital of Biberach district, in the Upper Swabia region of the German state (Land) of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. It is called Biberach an der Riss after the small river Riss which flows through the city to distinguish it from the other towns of similar names.\n\n", "Q93077": "Jean Kuntzmann (1 June 1912 \u2013 18 December 1992) was a French mathematician, known for his works in applied mathematics and computer science, pushing and developing both fields at a very early time.\nKuntzmann earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Paris under supervision of Georges Valiron (thesis: Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude des syst\u00e8mes multiformes). In 1960, he established the \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure d'informatique et de math\u00e9matiques appliqu\u00e9es de Grenoble.\n\n", "Q102794": "Heinrich L\u00fctzenkirchen (29 November 1909 \u2013 11 March 1986) was a German politician (Christian Democratic Union of Germany) and mayor of Leverkusen from 1961 to 1964 and in 1979.", "Q1350509": "Johannes Haarklou (May 13, 1847 \u2013 November 26, 1925) was a Norwegian composer, organist, conductor, and music critic.", "Q386438": "Fran\u00e7oise Giroud, born Lea France Gourdji (21 September 1916 in Lausanne, Switzerland and not in Geneva as often written \u2013 19 January 2003 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) was a French journalist, screenwriter, writer and politician.", "Q925227": "Eugene Nalimov (born \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432 (Yevgeny Viktorovich Nalimov) in 1965 in Novosibirsk, U.S.S.R.) is a chess programmer and former Microsoft employee, currently working for Context Relevant.\nStarting in 1998, he wrote a tablebase generator which included many different endgames. He received a ChessBase award at the ChessBase meeting in Maastricht in 2002 for his work.Nalimov has an M.Sc. from Novosibirsk State University. He started a Ph.D. dissertation, but did not finish it.", "Q95406": "Heinrich Homann (6 March 1911 \u2013 4 May 1994) was a communist politician and former Wehrmacht officer who held a number of offices in the German Democratic Republic.", "Q217321": "Venstre (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8venst\u0281\u0250], literally \"left\"), full name Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti (English: Left, Denmark's Liberal Party), is a conservative-liberal, agrarian political party in Denmark. Founded as part of a peasants' movement against the landed aristocracy, today it espouses an economically liberal, pro\u2013free market ideology.Venstre is the major party of the centre-right in Denmark, and the second-largest party in the country. The party has produced many Prime Ministers. In the 2019 general elections, Venstre received 23.4% of the vote and 43 out of 179 seats. Its current leader is Jakob Ellemann-Jensen following the resignation of Lars L\u00f8kke Rasmussen as chairman on 31 August 2019.The party is a member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and has three MEPs in the European Parliament.", "Q324099": "Steven Ernst Stivers (born March 24, 1965) is an American politician who has been the U.S. Representative for Ohio's 15th congressional district since 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party, and became chair of the National Republican Congressional Committee in 2017. Stivers previously served in the Ohio Senate, representing the 15th district. He is a Brigadier General in the Ohio Army National Guard and served active duty in Iraq as Battalion Commander until December 2005.", "Q356369": "Shane Patrick Lysaght MacGowan (born 25 December 1957) is an Irish-English vocalist and recording artist, best known as the lead singer and songwriter of Celtic punk band the Pogues. He was also a member of the Nipple Erectors and Shane MacGowan and the Popes, as well as producing his own solo material and working on collaborations with artists such as Kirsty MacColl, Joe Strummer, Nick Cave, Steve Earle, Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor, and Ronnie Drew.", "Q178038": "The Spanish Republic (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica Espa\u00f1ola), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (Spanish: Segunda Rep\u00fablica Espa\u00f1ola), was the form of government that existed in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, after the deposition of Alfonso XIII, and it lost the Spanish Civil War on 1 April 1939 to the rebel faction that would establish a military dictatorship under the rule of Francisco Franco.\nAfter the proclamation of the Republic, a provisional government was established that lasted until December 1931, when the 1931 Constitution was approved and a Constitutional Republic was formally established. The republican government of Manuel Aza\u00f1a initiated numerous reforms designed to modernize the country. After the 1933 general election, Alejandro Lerroux (Radical Party) formed a government with the confidence and supply of the Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups (CEDA). Under Lerroux's premiership, the Republic found itself facing an insurrection of anarchists and socialists that took on revolutionary dimensions in Asturias. The revolt was finally suppressed by the Republic with the intervention of the army. The Popular Front won the 1936 general election. On 17\u201318 July 1936, a coup d'\u00e9tat fractured the Spanish Republican Armed Forces, marking the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.\nDuring the Spanish Civil War, there were three governments. The first was led by left-wing republican Jos\u00e9 Giral (from July to September 1936); however, a revolution inspired mostly on libertarian socialist, anarchist and communist principles broke within the Republic, which weakened the rule of the Republic. The second government was led by socialist Francisco Largo Caballero of the trade union General Union of Workers (UGT). The UGT, along with the Confederaci\u00f3n Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), were the main forces behind the aforementioned social revolution. The third government was led by socialist Juan Negr\u00edn, who led the Republic until the military coup of Segismundo Casado, which ended republican resistance and ultimately led to the victory of the nationalists, who established a military dictatorship under the rule of Francisco Franco, known as Francoist Spain.\nThe Republican government survived in exile, and retained an embassy in Mexico City until 1976. After the restoration of democracy in Spain, the government formally dissolved the following year.", "Q118914": "Virus is a 1999 American science fiction horror film directed by visual effects artist John Bruno and starring Jamie Lee Curtis, William Baldwin and Donald Sutherland. Based on the comic book of the same name by Chuck Pfarrer, it tells the story of a ship beset by a malevolent extraterrestrial entity that seeks to turn humanity into cyborg slaves.\nThe film was promoted with a line of action figures and a tie-in video game. It turned out to be a critical and commercial flop, but over time gained a cult following.", "Q75294": "Karl Wolfskehl (17 September 1869 \u2013 30 June 1948) was a German Jewish author and translator. \nHe wrote poetry, prose and drama in German, \nand translated from French, English, Italian, Hebrew, Latin and Old/Middle High German into German.\nKarl Wolfskehl was born in Darmstadt, Germany, the son of the banker and politician Otto Wolfskehl (1841\u20131907). He studied \nGermanic philology and a range of humanities courses in Giessen, Leipzig and Berlin. Under Otto Behaghel, he gained a PhD with a dissertation on a topic in German mythology.\nIn 1898 he married Hanna de Haan, daughter of the Dutch conductor Willem de Haan at the court theatre in Darmstadt. They had two daughters, Judith (born 1899) and Renate (born 1901).\nHe defined himself by pride in his Jewish heritage as well as in his German cultural roots. He developed a lasting friendship with the poet Stefan George and was a leading figure in the poet's circle of friends and followers. With the philosopher Ludwig Klages and the archaeologist Alfred Schuler Wolfskehl formed the short-lived so-called Munich Cosmic Circle around 1900. His father's wealth allowed Wolfskehl to pursue an independent career devoted to his literary, intellectual and art related interests. Holding a jour fixe at his house in Schwabing Wolfskehl became a central personality in the literary life of Munich in the first two decades of the 20th century. Amongst his friends and associates were Rainer Maria Rilke, Thomas Mann, Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, Paul Klee, Alfred Kubin and Martin Buber. \nIn 1915, he bought an estate in Kiechlinsbergen at the Kaiserstuhl to which the family moved in 1919 after Wolfskehl had lost most of his fortune due to the war and the ensuing inflation. He was forced to earn a living as a tutor in Italy and as editor, cultural journalist and translator in Munich.\nIn 1933 appalled by Hitler's rise to power, Wolfskehl left Germany for Switzerland the day after the Reichstag fire, moving on to Italy in 1934. In 1938, due to the rapprochement between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, he moved to New Zealand with his partner Margot Ruben (1908\u20131980).\nHe lived in New Zealand, where he was granted citizenship after World War II, until his death in 1948. There he became a staunch friend of the conductor Georg Tintner, also a refugee from Austria.", "Q326856": "Jeanette Biedermann (born February 22, 1980) is a German singer, songwriter, actress, and television personality. Born and raised in the greater Berlin area, Biedermann began performing as a member of a troupe of acrobats in a children's circus at the age of six. She later attended beauty school before dropping out to pursue her music career following her participation and win of the Bild-Schlagerwettbewerb competition in 1998. The following year, Biedermann placed fourth in the national final for the Eurovision Song Contest, and was propelled to stardom when she was cast in a main role in the soap opera Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten. In 2000, Biedermann made her musical breakthrough with her first two full English-language albums Enjoy! (2000) and Delicious (2001).\nTrying to reinvent her image, Biedermann shifted to pop rock music for her next albums, Rock My Life (2002), Break On Through (2003) and Naked Truth (2006). Following her departure from GZSZ and a longer hiatus, she had a starring role in the telenovela Anna und die Liebe and released her dance pop-led album Undress to the Beat (2009), which was less successful commercially and led to a decline in her musical career. In 2012, Biedermann became the lead singer of the German language group Ewig which eventually disbanded in 2019. The same year, she appeared in the sixth season of Sing meinen Song - Das Tauschkonzert, the German version of the Best Singers series, and announced the release of her eighth solo effort DNA (2019).\nLending her musical knowledge to others, Biedermann served as a member of the judging panel of reality television competition series such as Star Search and Stars auf Ice in 2003 and 2006, respectively. Since, she has also starred in various films, theatrical projects, and television shows, including crime series Tatort (2006) and spoofing film D\u00f6rte's Dancing (2008). With album and single sales in excess of ten million copies, Biedermann is ranked among the highest-selling German music artists to emerge in the early 2000s. Her contributions to the music industry have garnered her numerous achievements including two ECHO Awards, a Goldene Kamera and a Top of the Pops Award.", "Q318760": "Danny Masseling (born 20 June 1981), better known by his stage name Angerfist, is a Dutch hardcore producer and DJ.\nAside from his main alias, he also produces for other genres and subgenres under various aliases and is part of the following groups: The Supreme Team (with Outblast, Tha Playah & Evil Activities), Masters Elite (with Catscan and Outblast) and Roland & Sherman (with Outblast).\nDuring live acts, he is accompanied by MC Prozac (Minne Roos).", "Q337783": "Sir William Arrol (13 February 1839 \u2013 20 February 1913) was a Scottish civil engineer, bridge builder, and Liberal Unionist Party politician.", "Q107834": "Friedrich Christian Feustking (1678 \u2013 3 February 1739) was a German theologian, poet and a librettist of operas and Singspiele for the Oper am G\u00e4nsemarkt in Hamburg.\nFeustking studied theology at the University of Wittenberg and then moved to Hamburg in 1702 where he taught privately. He also wrote, and provided three libretti for the Oper am G\u00e4nsemarkt in 1704 through early 1705. In 1705 he was appointed minister in Tolk near Schleswig. In the summer of 1706 he moved to Italy. He died in Tolk on 3 February 1739.", "Q45357": "Hans Clarin (14 September 1929 \u2013 28 August 2005) was a German actor. He became a well-known voice actor of characters in children audio plays, particularly the kobold Pumuckl (including its TV and cinematic film adaptations), the German voice of Ren\u00e9 Goscinny and Albert Uderzo's diminutive Gaulish hero Asterix (in circa 30 German audioplay adaptations of the Asterix comic books, produced and published 1986-1992 under the Europa label), and the ghost Hui Buh.", "Q3210026": "La Libre Parole or La Libre Parole illustr\u00e9e (French; Free Speech) was a French antisemitic political newspaper founded in 1892 by the journalist and polemicist \u00c9douard Drumont.", "Q918818": "Petri Juha Sarvamaa (born 15 September 1960) is a Finnish politician who has been serving as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2014. He is a member of the National Coalition Party, part of the European People's Party. Before becoming a MEP, he had a long career as a journalist at Finland's national broadcasting company Yle.", "Q213147": "Korean Air Co., Ltd. (Korean: \uc8fc\uc2dd\ud68c\uc0ac \ub300\ud55c\ud56d\uacf5; Hanja: \u682a\u5f0f\u6703\u793e \u5927\u97d3\u822a\u7a7a; RR: Jusikhoesa Daehan Hanggong), operating as Korean Air, is the largest airline and flag carrier of South Korea based on fleet size, international destinations and international flights. The airline's global headquarters is located in Seoul, South Korea. Korean Air was established on March 1, 1969 after the Hanjin Group acquired government-owned Korean Air Lines. Through their majority control of Hanjin KAL Corporation, the Cho family, the owner family of Hanjin Group is still the airline's largest, and controlling, shareholder. Korean Air is a founding member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. \nKorean Air's international passenger division and related subsidiary cargo division together serve 126 cities in 44 countries, while its domestic division serves 13 destinations. It is among the top 20 airlines in the world in terms of passengers carried and is also one of the top-ranked international cargo airlines. Incheon International Airport Terminal 2 serves as Korean Air's international hub. Korean Air also maintains a satellite headquarters campus at Incheon. The majority of Korean Air's pilots, ground staff, and flight attendants are based in Seoul. The airline had approximately 20,540 employees as of December 2014.", "Q484706": "Karaganda or Qaraghandy (Kazakh: \u049a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0493\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b/Qara\u01f5andy, pronounced [q\u0251\u027e\u0251\u02c8\u0281\u0251nd\u0259] (listen); Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430, pronounced [k\u0259r\u0259\u0261\u0250n\u02c8da]) is the capital of Karaganda Region in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is the fourth most populous city in Kazakhstan, behind Almaty (Alma-Ata), Nur-Sultan and Shymkent. Population: 459,778 (2009 Census results); 436,864 (1999 Census results). Karaganda is approximately 230 km south-east of Kazakhstan's capital Nur-Sultan (formerly known as Astana).\nIn the 1940s up to 70% of the city's inhabitants were ethnic Germans. Most of the ethnic Germans were Soviet Volga Germans who were collectively deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan on Stalin's order when Hitler invaded Soviet-annexed eastern Poland and the Soviet Union proper in 1941. Until the 1950s, many of these deportees were interned in labor camps, often simply because they were of German descent. The population of Karaganda fell by 14% from 1989-1999 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union; it was once Kazakhstan's second-largest city after Almaty. Over 100,000 people have since emigrated to Germany. There is also a concentration of ethnic Poles in the city.\n\n", "Q65087": "Justus M\u00f6ser (December 14, 1720, Osnabr\u00fcck \u2013 January 8, 1794, Osnabr\u00fcck) was a German jurist and social theorist, best known for his innovative history of Osnabr\u00fcck which stressed social and cultural themes.", "Q824893": "Miloslav Ladislav \"Ladi\" Geisler (November 27, 1927 \u2013 November 19, 2011) was a German musician who established a high profile in the post-war German music scene. Best known for his work with pop musicians Bert Kaempfert, James Last and Freddy Quinn, Geisler developed the distinctive \"Knack-Bass\" percussive bass sound that helped popularize the Bert Kaempfert Orchestra. He later released numerous records under his own name.\n\n", "Q1391355": "Mischa (Mikhail Saulovich) Elman (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0421\u0430\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042d\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d; January 20, 1891 \u2013 April 5, 1967) was a Ukrainian-born Jewish-American violinist, famed for his passionate style, beautiful tone, and impeccable artistry and musicality.\n\n", "Q120253": "Ettore Cella (12 September 1913 \u2013 1 July 2004) was a Swiss actor and film director. He was naturalised as a Swiss citizen in 1930, as his parents had emigrated from Italy. He appeared in 25 films between 1941 and 2004. He starred in the 1976 film The Sudden Loneliness of Konrad Steiner, which was entered into the 26th Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q62930": "Peter Paul Freiherr von Eltz-R\u00fcbenach (9 February 1875 \u2013 25 August 1943) was Minister of Mail (Reichspostminister) and Minister of Transport (Reichsminister f\u00fcr Verkehr) of Germany between 1932 and 1937.\nEltz-R\u00fcbenach was born in Wahn (today part of Cologne), a scion of the Rhenish noble house of Eltz. As a nonpartisan he had been appointed Reich Minister for both Transport and Postal Affairs in Chancellor Franz von Papen's \"cabinet of barons\" on 1 June 1932. He retained the posts under Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher and after the Nazi Machtergreifung under Adolf Hitler.\nIn the course of the rising conflict between the Nazi government and the Catholic Church, Eltz-R\u00fcbenach, a devout Catholic, in a cabinet meeting on 30 January 1937 rejected the Golden Party Badge personally offered by Hitler and resigned. Afterwards he became a \"suspect person\" monitored by the Gestapo, while his pension claims were temporarily revoked.\nEltz-R\u00fcbenach died in Linz am Rhein, aged 68.", "Q438199": "The Alter S\u00fcdfriedhof (Old South Cemetery) also known as \"Alter S\u00fcdlicher Friedhof\" is a cemetery in Munich, Germany. It was founded by Duke Albrecht V as a plague cemetery in 1563 about half a kilometer south of the Sendlinger Gate between Thalkirchner and Pestalozzistra\u00dfe.", "Q350718": "Mola Sylla (born Dakar, Senegal, 1956) is a Senegalese musician. He moved to Europe in 1987 and lives in Amsterdam, Netherlands. He is a singer and plays such traditional African instruments as the mbira, kongoma (Senegalese lamellophone), xalam, and kalimba.\nSylla has collaborated with a wide variety of musicians, including in jazz and cross-cultural settings. He has worked with Ernst Reijseger, with whom he composed the score to Werner Herzog's 2005 film The Wild Blue Yonder.\nHe is a founding member of the groups Senemali (a collaboration between Senegalese and Malian musicians) and VeDaKi (formerly Vershki da Koreshki, a quartet made up of Senegalese, Russian, and Indian musicians).", "Q109819": "Anna von Palen (26 May 1875 \u2013 27 January 1939) was a German film actress of the silent era. She appeared in 74 films between 1915 and 1938. She was born in Perleberg, Germany and died in Berlin, Germany.", "Q215536": "A merchant is a person who trades in commodities produced by other people. Historically, a merchant is anyone who is involved in business or trade. Merchants have operated for as long as industry, commerce, and trade have existed. In 16th-century Europe, two different terms for merchants emerged: meerseniers referred to local traders (such as bakers and grocers) and koopman (Dutch: koopman) referred to merchants who operated on a global stage, importing and exporting goods over vast distances and offering added-value services such as credit and finance.\nThe status of the merchant has varied during different periods of history and among different societies. In ancient Rome and Greece merchants could become wealthy, but lacked high social status. In contrast, in the Middle East, where markets were an integral part of the city, merchants enjoyed high status. In modern times, the term merchant has occasionally been used to refer to a businessperson or someone undertaking activities (commercial or industrial) for the purpose of generating profit, cash flow, sales, and revenue utilizing a combination of human, financial, intellectual and physical capital with a view to fueling economic development and growth.\n\nMerchants have been known for as long as humans have engaged in trade and commerce. Merchants and merchant networks operated in ancient Babylonia and Assyria, China, Egypt, Greece, India, Persia, Phoenicia, and Rome. During the European medieval period, a rapid expansion in trade and commerce led to the rise of a wealthy and powerful merchant class. The European age of discovery opened up new trading routes and gave European consumers access to a much broader range of goods. From the 1600s, goods began to travel much further distances as they found their way into geographically dispersed market-places. Following the opening of Asia to European trade and the discovery of the New World, merchants imported goods over very long distances: calico cloth from India, porcelain, silk and tea from China, spices from India and South-East Asia and tobacco, sugar, rum and coffee from the New World. By the eighteenth century, a new type of manufacturer-merchant had started to emerge and modern business practices were becoming evident.", "Q311022": "Pierre Fran\u00e7ois Andr\u00e9 M\u00e9chain (French pronunciation: \u200b[pj\u025b\u0281 f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa \u0251\u0303d\u0281e me\u0283\u025b\u0303]; 16 August 1744 \u2013 20 September 1804) was a French astronomer and surveyor who, with Charles Messier, was a major contributor to the early study of deep-sky objects and comets.", "Q7731": "Alexei Mikhailovich (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ks\u02b2ej m\u02b2\u026a\u02c8xajl\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255]; 19 March [O.S. 9 March] 1629 \u2013 8 February [O.S. 29 January] 1676) was the Tsar of Russia from 1645 until his death in 1676. His reign saw wars with Poland and Sweden, schism in the Russian Orthodox Church, and the major Cossack revolt of Stenka Razin. Nevertheless, at the time of his death Russia spanned almost 2,000,000,000 acres (8,100,000 km2).", "Q118243": "Edmund Schulthess (2 March 1868 \u2013 22 April 1944) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1912-1935).", "Q864938": "Henry Chadwick (October 5, 1824 \u2013 April 20, 1908) was an English-American sportswriter, baseball statistician and historian, often called the \"Father of Baseball\" for his early reporting on and contributions to the development of the game. He edited the first baseball guide that was sold to the public. He is credited with creating box scores, as well as creating the abbreviation \"K\" that designates a strikeout. He is said to have created the statistics of batting average and earned run average (ERA). He was posthumously inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1938.", "Q141336": "Mosfilm (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c, Mosfil\u2019m pronounced [m\u0259s\u02c8f\u02b2il\u02b2m]) is a film studio which is among the largest and oldest in the Russian Federation and in Europe. Its output includes most of the more widely acclaimed Soviet-era films, ranging from works by Andrei Tarkovsky and Sergei Eisenstein (commonly considered the greatest Soviet director), to Red Westerns to the Akira Kurosawa co-production Dersu Uzala (\u0414\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0443 \u0423\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430) and the epic War and Peace (\u0412\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u041c\u0438\u0440).", "Q4774519": "Anti Kuus (born December 29, 1956 in Saaremaa) is an Estonian economist, entrepreneur, photographer and singer-songwriter.", "Q1817": "Marcus Julius Philippus (Latin: Marcus Julius Philippus Augustus c. 204 \u2013 September 249 AD), also known commonly by his nickname Philip the Arab (Latin: Philippus Arabus, also known as Philip I), was Roman Emperor from February 244 to September 249. He was born in Arabia Petraea, the Roman province of Arabia, in a city situated in modern-day Syria. He went on to become a major figure in the Roman Empire. After the death of Gordian III in February 244, Philip, who had been Praetorian prefect, achieved power. He quickly negotiated peace with the Persian Sassanid Empire and returned to Rome to be confirmed by the senate. During his reign, the city of Rome celebrated its millennium. He also introduced the Actia-Dusaria Festivities in Bostra, capital of Arabia, symbolizing the union of Rome and the Arabs. Dusaria is Dushara, the main Nabataean deity.\nAmong early Christian writers, Philip had the reputation of being sympathetic to the Christian faith. Probably for this reason, it was even claimed by some that he had converted to Christianity, which would have made him the first Christian emperor. He supposedly tried to celebrate Easter with Christians in Antioch, but the bishop Saint Babylas made him stand with the penitents. Philip and his wife received letters from Origen.Philip was betrayed and killed at the Battle of Verona in September 249 following a rebellion led by his successor, Gaius Messius Quintus Decius.\n\n", "Q722390": "Karl Gordon Henize, Ph.D. (; 17 October 1926 \u2013 5 October 1993) was an American astronomer, space scientist, NASA astronaut, and professor at Northwestern University. He was stationed at several observatories around the world, including McCormick Observatory, Lamont-Hussey Observatory (South Africa), Mount Wilson Observatory, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and Mount Stromlo Observatory (Australia). He was a member of the astronaut support crew for Apollo 15 and Skylab 2, 3, and 4. As a mission specialist on the Spacelab-2 mission (STS-51-F), he flew on Space Shuttle Challenger in July/August 1985. He was awarded the NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal in 1974.\nHe died in 1993, during a Mount Everest expedition while testing equipment for NASA.", "Q88866": "Manfred Weber (born 14 July 1972) is a German politician who has served as Leader of the European People's Party in the European Parliament since 2014. He has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany since 2004. He is a member of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria, part of the European People's Party.\nIn the 2003 Bavarian state elections, Weber became the state's youngest parliamentarian at the age of 29. Currently heading the European People's Party Group, he is the youngest group leader in the current Parliament as well as the youngest-ever group leader of the EPP. Weber is known as a moderate politician and power broker in EU politics.On 5 September 2018, Weber declared his intention to run for the position of President of the European Commission and was elected as the Spitzenkandidat of the EPP on 8 November. On May 26, 2019, Weber's European People's Party won the most seats in the European Parliament, thus making Weber the lead candidate to become the next President of the European Commission. It was announced on May 28 that the new European Commission President would be picked at an EU summit in June; Weber was not nominated, with Ursula von der Leyen selected instead.", "Q183063": "The Sixth Sense is a 1999 American supernatural psychological thriller film written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan. The film tells the story of Cole Sear (Haley Joel Osment), a boy who is able to see and talk to the dead, and Malcolm Crowe (Bruce Willis), a child psychologist who tries to help him. The film established Shyamalan as a writer and director, and introduced the cinema public to his traits, most notably his affinity for surprise endings.Released by Hollywood Pictures on August 6, 1999, the film was well-received by critics; praise was given to its acting performances (particularly Willis, Osment, and Toni Collette), atmosphere, and twist conclusion. The Sixth Sense was the second-highest-grossing film of 1999 (behind Star Wars: Episode I \u2013 The Phantom Menace), taking about $293 million in the US and $379 million in other markets.\nThe film was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay for Shyamalan, Best Supporting Actor for Osment, and Best Supporting Actress for Collette.", "Q272022": "Meredith Ann Baxter (born June 21, 1947) is an American actress and producer. She is known for her roles on the ABC drama series Family (1976\u201380) and the NBC sitcom Family Ties (1982\u201389), credited as Meredith Baxter Birney. A five-time Emmy Award nominee, one of her nominations was for playing the title role in the 1992 TV film A Woman Scorned: The Betty Broderick Story.", "Q179871": "Eisaku Sat\u014d (\u4f50\u85e4 \u69ae\u4f5c, Sat\u014d Eisaku, 27 March 1901 \u2013 3 June 1975) was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1964 to 1972. He is the third-longest serving Prime Minister, and has the longest uninterrupted service as Prime Minister in Japanese history.\nSat\u014d entered the National Diet in 1949 as a member of the Liberal Party. Gradually rising through the ranks of Japanese politics, he held a series of cabinet positions and was in charge of organizing the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. In 1964 he succeeded Hayato Ikeda as Prime Minister of Japan, becoming the first Prime Minister to have been born in the 20th century.\nAs Prime Minister, Sat\u014d presided over a period of rapid economic growth. He arranged for the formal return of Okinawa (occupied by the United States since the end of the Second World War) to Japanese control. Sat\u014d brought Japan into the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, for which he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1974.", "Q65508": "Balgach is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q974281": "Carlo \"D.D.\" Verni (born 12 April 1961) is an American musician, songwriter, and producer, best known as a founding member, bassist and songwriter of the band Overkill. Overkill released their first record in 1985 and with their contemporaries (Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, Anthrax) helped define a new genre of music, \"thrash metal\". Overkill have released 19 full-length albums as well as two live albums and EPs, and several DVDs. They have done thousands of shows for millions of fans and toured extensively. They have appeared in many major music publications and have sold millions of records worldwide. Verni's signature bass sound is regarded as one of the most definable in heavy metal.\nIn addition to his work with Overkill, Verni has recorded four albums with his side project the Bronx Casket Co. He is also the composer of The Bronx Casket Co....A New Musical.", "Q276244": "Veronika Hagen (born 5 May 1963, in Salzburg) is an Austrian violist.\nBorn in Salzburg, Hagen began to learn music at the age of six with her father, who was at that time concertmaster of the Mozarteum Orchestra of Salzburg. She then continued her studies at the Musik Hochschule of Salzburg with Professor Helmut Zehetmair and at the Musik Hochschule of Hanover with Professor Hatto Beyerle. During her studies she won several prizes, including the Budapest International Viola Competition in 1984.Hagen is a founding member of the Hagen Quartet, along with her siblings Lukas, Angelika (later replaced by Rainer Schmidt) and Clemens. The quartet has performed across the world.Among a number of recordings for the Deutsche Grammophon label, Hagen collaborated with the pianist Paul Gulda on the Brahms Sonatas in 1997 and, with the violinist Augustin Dumay and the Salzburg Camerata, on Mozart's Concertante. As well as her activity as a soloist, she has performed with other leading musicians, including Elena Bashkirova, Joshua Bell, G\u00e9rard Causs\u00e9, Ivry Gitlis, Paul Gulda, Tatjana Grindenko, Steven Isserlis, Gidon Kremer, Alexander Lonquich and Heinrich Schiff. She has also played at many international music festivals, and has performed with orchestras such as the Tokyo Symphony Orchestra and Orchestre de la Suisse Romande.Hagen plays a Giovanni Paolo Maggini (Brescia) Viola from the collection of the National Bank of Austria.", "Q884172": "Theodore Roosevelt Darby, better known as Blind Teddy Darby (March 2, 1906 \u2013 December 1975), was an American blues singer and guitarist.Darby was born in Henderson, Kentucky. He moved to St. Louis with his family when he was a child. His mother taught him to play the guitar. He served some time for selling moonshine. In 1926 he lost his eyesight because of glaucoma.He recorded from 1929 until 1937 under the names Blind Teddy Darby, Blind Darby, Blind Blues Darby and Blind Squire Turner for Paramount, Victor, Bluebird, Vocalion and Decca. In 1960 he was \"rediscovered\" and recorded by Pete Welding of Testament Records, but the recordings from this session were never released.\nDarby was a friend of the blues musician Peetie Wheatstraw. On December 21, 1941, Wheatstraw's 39th birthday, Darby was invited to go for a drive with Wheatstraw and two others, but Darby's wife objected, and he declined the invitation. Wheatstraw and his two companions were killed when their car struck a standing freight train.In the late 1930s he gave up the blues and became an ordained deacon.His song \"Built Right on the Ground\" has been covered (under the title of \"I Never Cried\"), from the 1970s onwards, by John Miller (who first changed the title), Roy Book Binder, Howard Bursen, and Phil Heywood.", "Q435132": "Barbora Bobu\u013eov\u00e1 (born 29 April 1974) is an Italian actress. Since 1995, she has lived and worked mainly in Italy.", "Q1982060": "Dave Panichi is an Australian jazz musician, trombonist and composer who began his professional musical career in 1975.\nIn 1981 Panichi moved to New York, where he lived for 18 years. During this time he performed with notable artists including the Buddy Rich Big Band, Toshiko Akiyoshi, Blood Sweat & Tears, Slide Hampton, Bob Mintzer, Maria Schneider, Frank Sinatra, Sarah Vaughan, Joe Williams, Aretha Franklin, Mel Torm\u00e9, Peabo Bryson, Dave Liebman, Mulgrew Miller and Marc Copland.\nIn 2000, Panichi moved back to Australia where he is currently active in teaching, performing, and composing. He is currently a casual lecturer in trombone at Sydney Conservatorium of Music.Drummer Buddy Rich threatened to fire Panichi during his time with Rich's band for having a beard. The altercation was taped and included in a well-known series of bootlegs showcasing Rich's temper.", "Q389284": "Aftermath Entertainment is an American record label founded by hip hop producer and rapper Dr. Dre. It operates as a subsidiary of, and is distributed through, Universal Music Group's Interscope Records. Current acts include Dr. Dre himself, Eminem, Kendrick Lamar, Anderson Paak, RaqBoy Bux which is now newly signed to Interscope Rec. Also Justus with former acts including 50 Cent, Busta Rhymes, The Game, Raekwon, Eve, Rakim, Jon Connor and many others. The label's acts over the years have earned RIAA certifications of platinum or higher on 20 of its 28 released albums.", "Q266057": "Madeleine Elizabeth Martin (born April 15, 1993) is an American-Canadian actress, known for her role as the character Rebecca \"Becca\" Moody on Showtime comedy-drama Californication.", "Q2961873": "Cha\u00efm Nissim (21 November 1949 in Jerusalem, Israel \u2013 11 April 2017 in Switzerland) was an activist, ecological militant and perpetrator of the rocket attack of 18 January 1982 on the Superph\u00e9nix nuclear plant, and Green politician.", "Q181674": "NMB48 (read \"N.M.B. Forty-eight\") is a Japanese idol group that debuted in 2011 as the second sister group to AKB48, produced by Yasushi Akimoto. NMB48 is named after the Namba district in Osaka city of Osaka Prefecture, where the group is based. The group performs at the NMB48 Theater, which is located in the basement of the Yes-Namba Building in Namba, Osaka. The group has sold over 9 million CDs in Japan.", "Q433543": "Elise, Countess of Edla (born Elise Friedericke Hensler; 22 May 1836 \u2013 21 May 1929), was a Swiss-born American actress and singer, and the morganatic second wife of the former King Ferdinand II of Portugal.\n\n", "Q236660": "Eva Elisabeth \"Liza\" Marklund (born 9 September 1962) is a Swedish journalist and crime writer.\nHer novels, of which most feature the fictional character Annika Bengtzon, a newspaper journalist, have been published in thirty languages. Marklund is the co-owner of Sweden's third largest publishing house, Piratf\u00f6rlaget and a columnist in the Swedish tabloid Expressen. She is also a Unicef ambassador.", "Q517387": "Blas Fajardo Ople (February 3, 1927 \u2013 December 14, 2003) was a Filipino journalist and politician who held several high-ranking positions in the executive and legislative branches of the Philippine government, including as Senate President from 1999 to 2000, and as Secretary of Foreign Affairs from 2002 until his death. Perceived as a leftist-nationalist at the onset of his career in public service, Ople was, in his final years, a vocal supporter for allowing a limited United States military presence in the Philippines, and for American initiatives in the War on Terror including the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq.\nOple's most enduring role was his nineteen years as Secretary (later Minister) of Labor and Employment during the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos, when Philippine labor laws were overhauled through the enactment of the Labor Code of the Philippines that he had helped author.", "Q3182715": "Nanda Bayin (Burmese: \u1014\u1014\u1039\u1012\u1018\u102f\u101b\u1004\u103a, pronounced [n\u00e0\u0270\u0303da\u0330 b\u0259j\u026a\u0300\u0270\u0303]; 9 November 1535 \u2013 30 November [O.S. 20 November] 1600), was king of Toungoo Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1581 to 1599. He presided over the collapse of Toungoo Empire, the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia.\nThe eldest son of King Bayinnaung was one of the principal commanders in his father's military campaigns that expanded and defended the empire. As king, Nanda faced the impossible task of keeping his father's \"improbable domain\" together. He never gained the full support of his father's chosen vassal rulers, who governed what used to be sovereign kingdoms just a few decades earlier. Within the first three years of his reign, both Upper Burma and Siam revolted. Though he could never raise more than a third of his father's troop levels, Nanda could not come to terms with a smaller empire. Between 1584 and 1593, he launched five disastrous invasions of Siam, which increasingly weakened his hold everywhere else. From 1593 onward, it was he who was on the defensive, unable to stop a Siamese invasion that seized the entire Tenasserim coast in 1594\u201395, or prevent the rest of the vassals from breaking away in 1597. In 1599, Nanda surrendered to the joint forces of Toungoo and Arakan, and was taken prisoner to Toungoo. A year later, he was assassinated by Natshinnaung.Nanda was an energetic king, who probably would have made an \"above average\" Burmese monarch. But he made the mistake of trying to hold on to an \"absurdly overextended\" empire built mainly on patron-client relationships. The king's monumental failures taught his 17th century successors not to overextend their realm and to implement a more centralized administrative system. The Restored Toungoo administrative reforms, which with Konbaung modifications, would last to the end of Burmese monarchy in 1885, had their origins in the failures of Nanda Bayin.", "Q163829": "A synthesizer (also spelled synthesiser) is an electronic musical instrument that generates audio signals. Synthesizers generate audio through methods including subtractive synthesis, additive synthesis, and frequency modulation synthesis. These sounds may be shaped and modulated by components such as filters, envelopes, and low-frequency oscillators. Synthesizers are typically played with keyboards or controlled by sequencers, software, or other instruments, often via MIDI.\nSynthesizer-like instruments emerged in the United States in the mid-20th century with instruments such as the RCA Mark II, which was controlled with punch cards and composed of hundreds of vacuum tubes. The Moog synthesizer, developed by Robert Moog and first sold in 1964, is credited for pioneering analog synthesis concepts such as voltage-controlled oscillators, envelopes, noise generators, filters, and sequencers. In 1970, the cheaper, smaller Minimoog standardized synthesizers as self-contained instruments with built-in keyboards, compared to the modular synthesizers before it. The first mass-produced synthesizer, the Yamaha DX7, was launched in 1983, popularizing digital synthesis. Software synthesizers now can be embedded on single microchips in any electronic device.\nSynthesizers were initially viewed as avant-garde, valued by the 1960s psychedelic and counter-cultural scenes but with little commercial potential. Switched-On Bach (1968), a bestselling album of Bach compositions arranged for synthesizer by Wendy Carlos, took synthesizers to the mainstream. They were adopted by electronic acts and pop and rock groups in the 1960s and 1970s, and widely used in 1980s pop. Sampling, introduced with the Fairlight synthesizer in 1979, has influenced all genres of music and had a major influence on the development of electronic and hip hop music. Today, the synthesizer is used in nearly every genre of music, and is considered one of the most important instruments in the music industry. According to Fact in 2016, \"The synthesizer is as important, and as ubiquitous, in modern music today as the human voice.\"", "Q432885": "Kelli Rachelle McCarty (born September 6, 1969) is an American actress, model, photographer, and former beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss USA 1991. She then placed in the top six at Miss Universe 1991, representing the United States. After ending her career in pageantry, McCarthy began an acting career and starred as Beth Wallace on the soap opera Passions (1999\u20132006). After Passions, McCarthy began acting as a pornographic actress, appearing in a number softcore and hardcore films, receiving an exclusive contract with Vivid Entertainment that also gave her a say in the casting process of the scenes she was in.", "Q238895": "Carolyn Sue Jones (April 28, 1930 \u2013 August 3, 1983) was an American actress of television and film. Jones began her film career in the early 1950s, and by the end of the decade had achieved recognition with a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for The Bachelor Party (1957) and a Golden Globe Award as one of the most promising new actresses of 1959. Her film career continued for another 20 years. In 1964, she began playing the role of Morticia Addams in the original black and white television series The Addams Family.", "Q229740": "Mira Furlan (born September 7, 1955) is a Croatian actress and singer. Internationally, she is best known for her roles as the Minbari Ambassador Delenn on the science fiction television series Babylon 5 (1993\u201398), and as Danielle Rousseau on Lost. Also, she appeared in the multiple award-winning films such as When Father Was Away on Business and The Abandoned.", "Q2647249": "Alissa Walser (born 1961) is a German writer and artist. She was born in Friedrichshafen. Her father is the well-known German writer Martin Walser. She is known for her short stories, plays and novels. She has won a number of German literary prizes. Mesmerized, her first novel, has been translated into English by Jamie Bulloch.", "Q36150": "Sergey Nikolayevich Lebedev (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u0301\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432, IPA: [s\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8\u0261\u02b2ej n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8l\u02b2eb\u02b2\u026ad\u02b2\u026af]; born 9 April 1948) is an Uzbekistan-born Russian political figure who has been the Executive Secretary of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) since 2007. He had previously been\nGeneral of the Army in the Russian Armed Forces and Director of Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) from 2000 to 2007.", "Q1458695": "The Karazin University (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442) or officially V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (Ukrainian: \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0412. \u041d. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0430) is one of the major universities in Ukraine, and earlier in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. It was founded in 1804 through the efforts of Vasily Karazin becoming the second oldest university in modern-day Ukraine after the University of Lviv.", "Q270153": "Jesse Gordon Spencer (born 12 February 1979) is an Australian actor and musician. He is best known for his roles as Billy Kennedy on the Australian soap opera Neighbours (1994\u20132000, 2005), Dr. Robert Chase on the American medical drama House (2004\u201312) and Lieutenant/Captain Matthew Casey on the American drama Chicago Fire (2012\u2013present).", "Q374447": "Sam Anderson (born May 13, 1945) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Sam Gorpley on Perfect Strangers, as dentist Bernard Nadler on Lost, and as Holland Manners on Angel.", "Q3377526": "Barry Allan Ackerley (April 15, 1934 \u2013 March 21, 2011) was an American businessman. He was the former chairman and CEO of the Ackerley Group media company. He was also the owner of the Seattle SuperSonics basketball franchise from 1983 to 2001 and the Seattle Storm basketball franchise from 2000 to 2001.", "Q269402": "Lauri Yl\u00f6nen (born 23 April 1979) is a Finnish singer-songwriter, best known as the frontman of the Finnish alternative rock band The Rasmus.", "Q1141641": "Randall Disher is a fictional character portrayed by Jason Gray-Stanford on the television series Monk.", "Q1264337": "Giulio Einaudi (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0292u\u02d0ljo ei\u02c8naudi]; 2 January 1912 \u2013 5 April 1999) was an Italian book publisher. The eponymous company that he founded in 1933 became \"a European wellspring of fine literature, intellectual thought and political theory\" and was once considered the most prestigious publishing house in Italy. He was also the author of books on literature, history, philosophy, art and science.", "Q61008": "Hans-Joachim \"Hajo\" Herrmann (1 August 1913 \u2013 5 November 2010) was a World War II Luftwaffe pilot and officer and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords.\nAfter the war Hermann became a Nazi activist and lawyer whose high-profile cases included the defence of neo-Nazis and genocide deniers while simultaneously promoting denial and the movement's organisations.", "Q3376638": "V\u00edctor Celorio (born July 27, 1957 in Mexico City) is an author, entrepreneur, inventor, and former union organizer. He is best known as the inventor of InstaBook, a digital printing technology. He lives and works in Gainesville, Florida.\n\n", "Q8833": "Gaius Cilnius Maecenas (; circa 70 BC \u2013 8 BC) was a friend and political advisor to Octavian, who later reigned as Augustus. He was also an important patron for the new generation of Augustan poets, including both Horace and Virgil. During the reign of Augustus, Maecenas served as a quasi-culture minister to the Emperor but in spite of his wealth and power he chose not to enter the Senate, remaining of equestrian rank.", "Q253952": "Nina Ananiashvili (born: Nino Ananiashvili, Georgian: \u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8; born March 19, 1963) is a Georgian ballerina and artistic director of the State Ballet of Georgia. She has been described by the Daily Telegraph as one of the twelve greatest ballerinas of all time, and in 2002 was named Best Ballerina of the Year by the US Dance Magazine. Ananiashvili has been a prominent fixture of the Soviet, Russian and Georgian ballet scene for decades. Shortly before the fall of the Iron Curtain, in 1987 a New York Magazine critic praised Nina Ananiashvili as \"the best thing about the Bolshoi's Giselle whether she appeared in the title role or as the queen of the wilis.\" In 2014, a film of her 1991 performance in Giselle with the Bolshoi ballet was released.", "Q116508": "Oppian (Ancient Greek: \u1f48\u03c0\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, Oppian\u00f3s; Latin: Oppianus), also known as Oppian of Anazarbus, of Corycus, or of Cilicia, was a 2nd-century Greco-Roman poet during the reign of the emperors Marcus Aurelius and Commodus, who composed the Halieutica, a five-book didactic epic on fishing.", "Q1355840": "Michael Keller Ditka (born Michael Dyczko; October 18, 1939) is an American former football player, coach, and television commentator. A member of both the College Football (1986) and Pro Football Hall of Fame (1988), he was the 1961 UPI NFL Rookie of Year, a five-time Pro Bowl selection and five-time All-Pro tight end with the Chicago Bears, Philadelphia Eagles, and Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL).\nHe was an NFL champion with the 1963 Bears, and is a three-time Super Bowl champion, playing on the Cowboys Super Bowl VI team as well as winning as an assistant coach for the Cowboys in Super Bowl XII, and coaching the Bears to victory in Super Bowl XX. He was named to the NFL's 50th, 75th and 100th Anniversary All-Time Teams.\nAs a coach for the Bears for 11 years he was twice both the AP and UPI NFL Coach of Year (1985 and 1988). He also coached the New Orleans Saints for three years.\nDitka and Tom Flores are the only people to win an NFL title as a player, an assistant coach, and a head coach. Ditka, Flores, Gary Kubiak, and Doug Pederson are also the only people in modern NFL history to win a championship as head coach of a team he played for previously. Ditka is the only person to participate in both of the last two Chicago Bears' league championships, as a player in 1963 and as head coach in 1985.\nHe is known by the nickname \"Iron Mike\", which he has said comes from his being born and raised in a steel town in Pennsylvania.", "Q621855": "Abol Hasan Sab\u0101 (April 15, 1902 \u2013 December 19, 1957) (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u200e) was a renowned Iranian composer, violinist, and setar player.", "Q400837": "Ahmed Abdel Hadi Chalabi (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0628\u064a\u200e; 30 October 1944 \u2013 3 November 2015) was an Iraqi politician, a founder of the Iraqi National Congress (INC) and the President of the Governing Council of Iraq (37th Prime Minister of Iraq)\nHe was interim Minister of Oil in Iraq in April\u2013May 2005 and December 2005 \u2013 January 2006 and Deputy Prime Minister from May 2005 to May 2006. Chalabi failed to win a seat in parliament in the December 2005 elections, and when the new Iraqi cabinet was announced in May 2006, he was not given a post. Once dubbed the \"George Washington of Iraq\" by American supporters, he later fell out of favor and came under investigation by several U.S. government sources.\nIn the lead-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the Iraqi National Congress (INC), with the assistance of lobbying powerhouse BKSH & Associates, provided a major portion of the information on which U.S. Intelligence based its condemnation of the Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, including reports of weapons of mass destruction and alleged ties to al-Qaeda. Most, if not all, of this information has turned out to be false and Chalabi has been called a fabricator. Along with this, Chalabi also subsequently boasted, in an interview with the British Sunday Telegraph, about the impact that their alleged falsifications had on American policy, \u2013 these factors led to a falling out between him and the U.S. government. Furthermore, Chalabi was found guilty in the Petra Bank scandal in Jordan.\nIn January 2012, a French intelligence official stated that he believed Chalabi to be \"acting on behalf of Iran\".", "Q485829": "Kim Woo-Choong (December 19, 1936 \u2013 December 9, 2019) was a South Korean businessman who was the founder and chairman of the Daewoo Group (\ub300\uc6b0) until its collapse in 1999.", "Q289290": "Under the Palms or Unter den Palmen is a 1999 Dutch drama film directed by Miriam Kruishoop.", "Q111267": "Bastian Trost (born 29 March 1974) is a German actor. He has appeared in 30 films and television shows since 1994. He starred in the film Schl\u00e4fer, which was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q107405": "Lars Onsager (November 27, 1903 \u2013 October 5, 1976) was a Norwegian-born American physical chemist and theoretical physicist. He held the Gibbs Professorship of Theoretical Chemistry at Yale University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1968.\n\n", "Q4263286": "Sergey Fyodorovich Lisovsky (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; born 25 April 1960, Moscow) is a Russian politician, a member of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation since 2004, a representative of the Kurgan Regional Duma. TV host channel RBC TV. In the past - the entrepreneur. Candidate of Philology (2000). Member of the General Council of the party United Russia. It is one of the pioneers of the Russian social and political advertisements and an acknowledged expert on the contemporary electoral technologies.", "Q326467": "Joseph Thomas Sheridan Le Fanu (; 28 August 1814 \u2013 7 February 1873) was an Irish writer of Gothic tales, mystery novels, and horror fiction. He was a leading ghost story writer of the nineteenth century and was central to the development of the genre in the Victorian era. M. R. James described Le Fanu as \"absolutely in the first rank as a writer of ghost stories\". Three of his best-known works are Uncle Silas, Carmilla, and The House by the Churchyard.", "Q108736": "Birgit Sippel (born 29 January 1960) is a German politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.\n\n", "Q2654553": "Emily Grace Reaves (born January 13, 2001) is an American actress and model.", "Q151643": "Vengo is a 2000 Spanish-French-German-Japanese film by Tony Gatlif. It is the passionate story of a blood feud among Spanish Gypsies that centers on Caco, a proud man who must fight for his family's honor and safety. An ode to the artistry and magic of flamenco dancing and music, Vengo is a drama set against the compelling backdrop of two Andalusia gypsy families locked in an age-old struggle for power. The dramatic film also features a performance by the famed Spanish flamenco singer \"La Caita\" (Maria del Carmen Salazar) and many other performers. It was the closing film at the 57th (2000) Venice International Film Festival.", "Q469659": "Gunnel Linde (14 October 1924 \u2013 12 June 2014) was a Swedish writer who has written over forty children's books, among them Den vita stenen and I Am a Werewolf Cub. \nIn 1971, she was one of the founders of BRIS (\"Barnens r\u00e4tt i samh\u00e4llet\", in English Children's Rights in Society). \nShe has received the Swedish Nils Holgersson Plaque in 1965 (for the book Den vita stenen) and the Astrid Lindgren Prize in 1978.", "Q15789": "Fu\u00dfball-Club Bayern M\u00fcnchen e.V., commonly known as FC Bayern M\u00fcnchen (German pronunciation: [\u0294\u025bf tse\u02d0 \u02c8ba\u026a\u0250n \u02c8m\u028fn\u00e7n\u0329]), FCB, Bayern Munich, or FC Bayern, is a German sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system, and is the most successful club in German football history, having won a record 29 national titles and 19 national cups.FC Bayern was founded in 1900 by 11 football players, led by Franz John. Although Bayern won its first national championship in 1932, the club was not selected for the Bundesliga at its inception in 1963. The club had its period of greatest success in the middle of the 1970s when, under the captaincy of Franz Beckenbauer, it won the European Cup three consecutive times (1974\u20131976). Overall, Bayern has reached ten European Cup/UEFA Champions League finals, most recently winning their fifth title in 2013 as part of a continental treble. Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup, one European Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one FIFA Club World Cup and two Intercontinental Cups, making it one of the most successful European clubs internationally and the only German club to have won both international titles. Since the formation of the Bundesliga, Bayern has been the dominant club in German football, winning 29 titles, including seven consecutively since 2013. They have traditional local rivalries with 1860 Munich and 1. FC N\u00fcrnberg, as well as with Borussia Dortmund since the mid-1990s.\nSince the beginning of the 2005\u201306 season, Bayern has played its home games at the Allianz Arena. Previously the team had played at Munich's Olympiastadion for 33 years. The team colours are red and white, and the team crest shows the white and blue flag of Bavaria. In terms of revenue, Bayern Munich is the biggest sports club in Germany and the fourth highest-earning football club in the world, generating \u20ac629.2 million in 2019. For the 2018\u201319 season, Bayern reported a revenue of \u20ac750.4 million and an operating profit of \u20ac146.1 million. This was Bayern's 27th consecutive year with a profit. In November 2019, Bayern had 293,000 official members and there are 4,499 officially registered fan clubs with over 358,151 members. The club has other departments for chess, handball, basketball, gymnastics, bowling, table tennis and senior football with more than 1,100 active members. At the end of the 2018\u201319 season, Bayern was ranked third in the UEFA club coefficient rankings.", "Q1229223": "Sergio Marchionne (Italian: [\u02c8s\u025brd\u0292o mar\u02c8kj\u0254nne]; June 17, 1952 \u2013 July 25, 2018) was an Italian-Canadian businessman, widely known for his turnarounds of the automakers Fiat and Chrysler, his business acumen and his outspoken and often frank approach, especially when dealing with unpalatable issues related to his companies and the automotive industry. \nMarchionne was the chairman of CNH Industrial, the chief executive officer (CEO) of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, the chairman and CEO of FCA US LLC, the chairman and CEO of Ferrari, and the chairman of Maserati. He was the chairman of Swiss-based SGS and vice chairman of UBS from 2008 to 2010, as well as the chairman of the European Automobile Manufacturers Association for 2012 (first elected in January 2006). He was a member of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, and the chairman of the Italian branch of the Council for the United States and Italy.\nNoted for his keen observations of the automotive industry, Marchionne's insights ranged from frank criticism of his company's own products to a highly-regarded 2015 presentation titled Confessions of a Capital Junkie, extolling the benefits of industry consolidation.Marchionne was widely recognized for turning around Fiat Group to become one of the fastest growing companies in the auto industry, in less than two years. In 2009, he was instrumental in Fiat Group forming a strategic alliance with the ailing US automaker Chrysler, with the support of the U.S. and Canadian governments and trade unions. Less than two years later, following its emergence from Chapter 11, Chrysler returned to profitability, repaying all government loans. In 2014, Fiat and Chrysler merged into a new holding company, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, now the seventh-largest automobile manufacturer in the world.Following complications from surgery, Marchionne resigned from all of his positions in July 2018 and died a few days later. The American business channel CNBC described Marchionne as a \"legend of automotive industry\", while the British newspaper Financial Times considered him as having been \"one of the boldest business leaders of his generation\".", "Q8827": "Sextus Propertius was a Latin elegiac poet of the Augustan age. He was born around 50\u201345 BC in Assisium and died shortly after 15 BC.Propertius' surviving work comprises four books of Elegies (Elegiae). He was a friend of the poets Gallus and Virgil and, with them, had as his patron Maecenas and, through Maecenas, the emperor Augustus. Although Propertius was not as renowned in his own time as other Latin elegists, he is today regarded by scholars as a major poet.", "Q320002": "A sampler is an electronic or digital musical instrument which uses sound recordings (or \"samples\") of real instrument sounds (e.g., a piano, violin or trumpet), excerpts from recorded songs (e.g., a five-second bass guitar riff from a funk song) or found sounds (e.g., sirens and ocean waves). The samples are loaded or recorded by the user or by a manufacturer. These sounds are then played back by means of the sampler program itself, a MIDI keyboard, sequencer or another triggering device (e.g., electronic drums) to perform or compose music. Because these samples are usually stored in digital memory, the information can be quickly accessed. A single sample may often be pitch-shifted to different pitches to produce musical scales and chords.\nOften samplers offer filters, effects units, modulation via low frequency oscillation and other synthesizer-like processes that allow the original sound to be modified in many different ways. Most samplers have Multitimbrality capabilities \u2013 they can play back different sounds simultaneously. Many are also polyphonic \u2013 they are able to play more than one note at the same time.", "Q366057": "Patrice Ch\u00e9reau (French: [pa.t\u0281is \u0283e.\u0281o]; 2 November 1944 \u2013 7 October 2013) was a French opera and theatre director, filmmaker, actor and producer. In France he is best known for his work for the theatre, internationally for his films La Reine Margot and Intimacy, and for his staging of the Jahrhundertring, the centenary Ring Cycle at the Bayreuth Festival in 1976. Winner of almost twenty movie awards, including the Cannes Jury Prize and the Golden Berlin Bear, Ch\u00e9reau served as president of the jury at the 2003 Cannes festival.\nFrom 1966, he was artistic director of the Public-Theatre in the Parisian suburb of Sartrouville, where in his team were stage designer Richard Peduzzi, costume designer Jacques Schmidt and lighting designer Andr\u00e9 Diot, with whom he collaborated in many later productions. From 1982, he was director of \"his own stage\" at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Nanterre-Amandiers at Nanterre where he staged plays by Jean Racine, Marivaux and Shakespeare as well as works by Jean Genet, Heiner M\u00fcller and Bernard-Marie Kolt\u00e8s.\nHe accepted selected opera productions, such as: the first performance of the three-act version of Alban Berg's Lulu, completed by Friedrich Cerha, at the Paris Opera in 1979; Berg's Wozzeck at the Staatsoper Berlin in 1994; Wagner's Tristan und Isolde at La Scala in 2007; Jan\u00e1\u010dek's From the House of the Dead, shown at several festivals and the Metropolitan Opera; and, as his last staging, Elektra by Richard Strauss, first performed at the Aix-en-Provence Festival in July 2013. He was awarded the Europe Theatre Prize in 2008.", "Q732829": "Aristide Leonori (28 July 1856 \u2013 30 July 1928) was an Italian architect and engineer.", "Q75069": "Werdenberg (Wahlkreis) or Wahlkreis Werdenberg is a constituency in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. The Wahlkreis (SFOS number 1724) was established on June 10, 2001. The Wahlkreis has its name by the municipality Grabs-Werdenberg.", "Q289284": "Clara Kimball Young (born Edith Matilda Clara Kimball;\nSeptember 6, 1890 \u2013 October 15, 1960) was an American film actress, who was highly regarded and publicly popular in the early silent film era.", "Q2623917": "Alexei Fyodorovich Bogomolov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432; 2 June 1913, Voronezh \u2014 12 April 2009, Moscow) was a Russian scientist and a specialist in the field of radio engineering.", "Q73418": "Patrick Kavanagh (21 October 1904 \u2013 30 November 1967) was an Irish poet and novelist. His best-known works include the novel Tarry Flynn, and the poems \"On Raglan Road\" and \"The Great Hunger\". He is known for his accounts of Irish life through reference to the everyday and commonplace. He also played as a goalkeeper for his local Gaelic football club.", "Q274321": "Katja K, also known as Katja Kean and Sussi la Cour Dollenz (born 7 February 1968 in Denmark as Sussi la Cour), is a Danish former pornographic actress, businesswoman, actress, singer, author, and media personality. Kean studied experience leadership (Danish oplevelsesledelse) at Roskilde Universitetscenter (RUC) in Denmark. She married to Constance co-star Marco Dollenz whose last name she took in 2016. They live at Stiges, Spain. She owned an underwear company, which she ran for five years. Author Henrik List wrote a biography (based on interviews with her) titled Katja KXXX \u2013 Stjerne I Syndens By (ISBN 9788779730533).", "Q1173181": "Dave Dudley (born David Darwin Pedruska; May 3, 1928 \u2013 December 12, 2003) was an American country music singer best known for his truck-driving country anthems of the 1960s and 1970s and his semi-slurred bass. His signature song was \"Six Days on the Road,\" and he is also remembered for \"Vietnam Blues,\" \"Truck Drivin' Son-of-a-Gun,\" and \"Me and ol' C.B.\". Other recordings included Dudley's duet with Tom T. Hall, \"Day Drinking,\" and his own Top 10 hit, \"Fireball Rolled A Seven,\" supposedly based on the career and death of Edward Glenn \"Fireball\" Roberts.", "Q706554": "Alessandro Profumo, current CEO of Leonardo S.p.A. (formerly Finmeccanica), is an Italian manager who had significant influence in the consolidation of the Italian banking sector. He worked as a consultant at McKinsey and Bain and, when CEO of Unicredit, he was involved in the merger with HypoVereinsbank, Bank Austria Creditanstalt and Capitalia with the UniCredit Group. He resigned as CEO of the Unicredit Group on 21 September 2010.", "Q70111": "Abraham von Franckenberg (24 June 1593 \u2013 25 June 1652) was a German mystic, author, poet and hymn-writer.", "Q236112": "Suzanne Nadine Vega (born July 11, 1959) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and record producer, best known for her folk-inspired music.Vega's music career spans more than 30 years. She came to prominence in the mid 1980s, releasing four singles that entered the Top 40 charts in the UK during the 1980s and 1990s, including \"Marlene on the Wall\", \"Left of Center\", \"Luka\" and \"No Cheap Thrill\". \"Tom's Diner,\" which was originally released as an a cappella recording on Vega's second album, Solitude Standing, was remixed in 1990 as a dance track by English electronic duo DNA with Vega as featured artist, and it became a Top 10 hit in over five countries. The song was used as a test during the creation of the MP3 format. The critical role of her song in the development of the MP3 compression prompted Vega to be given the title of \"The Mother of the MP3\".Vega has released nine studio albums to date, the latest of which is Lover, Beloved: Songs from an Evening with Carson McCullers, released in 2016.", "Q270147": "Anna Maria Piaggi (22 March 1931 \u2013 7 August 2012) was an Italian fashion writer and style icon. She was known for her bright blue hair, excessive make-up, which verged on clown-ish, and her sense of style that mixed vintage and contemporary fashion.\n\n", "Q716747": "Mike Terrana (January 21, 1960) is an American hard rock and heavy metal drummer. His first professional work was in 1984 with the MCA band Hanover Fist from Toronto, after which he recorded and toured with other bands, playing many styles of music in Western New York state. Between 1987 and 1997, he was based in Los Angeles and worked with various virtuoso guitarists, including Yngwie Malmsteen, Tony Macalpine, Steve Lukather, and bands like Kuni and Beau Nasty.\nIn 1997 Terrana moved to Europe, first in the Netherlands for six months and then Germany (where he now owns and runs a cattery). He worked with the German bands Rage, Gamma Ray, Savage Circus, Axel Rudi Pell, Roland Grapow and Masterplan. In 2016, Terrana joined Italian heavy metal band Vision Divine. In 2017, Terrana also joined Spanish band Avalanch and Czech band Kreyson.In addition, Mike has his own three-piece hard rock band, \"TERRANA\", and a live musical project that combines classical and rock music with operatic vocals, \"Beauty of the Beat\", which started at the time he was playing with Finnish vocalist Tarja Turunen, with the name Beauty and the Beat.", "Q3159663": "Jacques Nicolet (born 5 April 1956 in Gigondas) is a French businessman and racing driver. He is the chairman of the Supervisory Board for Altarea SCA, a French real estate investment and development company, which he co-founded in 1994 with Alain Taravela. He was previously the director of development at the Pierre & Vacances Group between 1984 and 1994. He is also the owner and a driver of OAK Racing, a Le Mans 24 Hours and FIA World Endurance Championship racing team.", "Q3182067": "John McLiam (born John Williams; January 24, 1918 \u2013 April 16, 1994) was a film and television actor noted for his skill at different accents. His film appearances include My Fair Lady (1964), In Cold Blood (1967), John Frankenheimer's movie of The Iceman Cometh (1973), The Missouri Breaks (1976), and First Blood (1982). He was a guest star in numerous television series and wrote a Broadway play, The Sin of Pat Muldoon.", "Q164834": "Saint-Firmin (S. F.) Monestime (December 16, 1909 \u2013 October 27, 1977) was a Haitian-Canadian politician and medical doctor, who was the first Black Canadian elected mayor of a Canadian municipality.Born in Cap-Ha\u00eftien in 1909, Monestime studied rural medicine and wrote three books on the subject. In 1937, he was one of the only doctors on duty during the Parsley Massacre, and was subsequently awarded the Haitian Legion of Merit for his work during that crisis.He moved to Quebec City in the 1940s. After upgrading his medical training he planned a move to Timmins, Ontario to set up a medical practice, but when he stopped in Mattawa en route, he was convinced by a restaurant owner to stay in that town and set up practice there instead. He married Zena Petschersky, an immigrant from Danzig, whom he met in Ottawa in 1953.\nMonestime practiced medicine in Mattawa until 1964, when he was elected the town's mayor. Except for one year that he took off for personal reasons, he remained mayor until his death in 1977.Monestime was active with the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, and served as its national director. He considered running federally for the party, and in 1971 he ran and lost in a bid for the presidency of the party. A Red Tory, Monestime was attracted to the party because of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker's Bill of Rights.On February 29, 1976, Monestime's 21-year-old son, Fedia, was shot and killed outside the Trans-Canada Hotel in Mattawa. He was in a group chasing a man who had fired his rifle into the wall after a bar fight, when the man fired on them, also injuring three others. Ralph Childerhose was charged with murder and acquitted, a decision Monestime considered unjust.Monestime and his wife established a nursing home in Mattawa in 1975. His daughter Vala Monestime Belter continues to run the home today, and has served on the boards of Ontario Northland and TVOntario.In 2014, Frantz Liautaud, the current ambassador of Haiti to Canada, visited Mattawa for a gala celebration of the 50th anniversary of Monestime's first election as mayor.", "Q435898": "Allan Wipper Wells (born 3 May 1952) is a former British track and field sprinter who became the 100 metres Olympic champion at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Within a fortnight of that, he also took on and beat America's best sprinters at an invitational meeting in Koblenz. In 1981, Wells was both the IAAF Golden Sprints and IAAF World Cup gold medallist. He is also a three-time European Cup gold medallist among many other sprint successes.\nHe was a multiple medallist for his native Scotland at the Commonwealth Games, winning two golds at the 1978 Commonwealth Games and completing a 100 metres/200 metres sprint double at the 1982 Commonwealth Games. Wells also recorded the fastest British 100/200 times in 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983 and 100 m in 1984.", "Q354783": "Amiri Baraka (born Everett LeRoi Jones; October 7, 1934 \u2013 January 9, 2014), previously known as LeRoi Jones and Imamu Amear Baraka, was an American writer of poetry, drama, fiction, essays and music criticism. He was the author of numerous books of poetry and taught at several universities, including the State University of New York at Buffalo and the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He received the PEN/Beyond Margins Award in 2008 for Tales of the Out and the Gone.Baraka's career spanned nearly 50 years, and his themes range from black liberation to white racism. Some poems that are always associated with him are \"The Music: Reflection on Jazz and Blues\", \"The Book of Monk\", and \"New Music, New Poetry\", works that draw on topics from the worlds of society, music, and literature. Baraka's poetry and writing have attracted both high praise and condemnation. In the African-American community, some compare Baraka to James Baldwin and recognize him as one of the most respected and most widely published black writers of his generation. Others have said his work is an expression of violence, misogyny, and homophobia. Regardless of viewpoint, Baraka's plays, poetry, and essays have been defining texts for African-American culture.Baraka's brief tenure as Poet Laureate of New Jersey (2002\u20132003) involved controversy over a public reading of his poem \"Somebody Blew Up America?\", which resulted in accusations of anti-Semitism and negative attention from critics and politicians.", "Q1899326": "Marisa Del Frate (11 March 1931 \u2013 5 February 2015) was an Italian actress, singer, and television personality.", "Q749243": "The Church of Sweden (Swedish: Svenska kyrkan) is an Evangelical Lutheran national church in Sweden. A former state church, headquartered in Uppsala, with 5.9 million members at year end 2018 it is the largest Christian denomination in Sweden.\nIt is the largest Lutheran denomination in Europe and the third-largest in the world after the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania. A member of the Porvoo Communion, the Church professes the Lutheran branch of Christianity. It is composed of thirteen dioceses, divided into parishes. It is an open national church which, working with a democratic organisation and through the ministry of the church, covers the whole nation. The Primate of the Church of Sweden is the Archbishop of Uppsala \u2014 currently Antje Jackel\u00e9n, Sweden's first female archbishop. Today, the Church of Sweden is an Evangelical Lutheran church.It is liturgically and theologically \"high church\", having retained priests, vestments, and the Mass during the Swedish Reformation. In common with other Evangelical Lutheran churches (particularly in the Nordic and Baltic states), the Church of Sweden maintains the historical episcopate. Some Lutheran churches have congregational polity or modified episcopal polity without Apostolic succession, but the historic episcopate is maintained in Sweden and the other Lutheran nations of the Porvoo Communion.\nThe Church of Sweden is known today for its liberal position in theological issues, particularly the question of homosexuality. When Eva Brunne was consecrated as Bishop of Stockholm in 2009, she became the first openly lesbian bishop in the world.Despite a significant yearly loss of members (lately 2% annually), its membership of 5,899,242 people accounts for 57.7% (yearend 2018) of the Swedish population. Until 2000 it held the position of state church. The high membership numbers are because until 1996 all newborn children were made members, unless their parents had actively cancelled their membership. Approximately 2% of the church's members regularly attend Sunday services. According to a Gallup poll conducted in 2009, 17% of the Swedish population considered religion as an important part of their daily life.", "Q68986": "St. Moritz (also German: Sankt Moritz, Romansh: San Murezzan , Italian: San Maurizio, French: Saint-Maurice) is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major village and a municipality in the district of Maloja in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.\nSt. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and eponymous lake: Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.", "Q20726": "Andreo Cseh (born Andr\u00e1s Cseh; 12 September 1895, in Marosludas, Hungary \u2013 9 March 1979, in the Hague, Netherlands) was a Hungarian/Dutch Roman Catholic priest and Esperantist known for inventing the Cseh method of Esperanto instruction.", "Q199991": "Joachim of Fiore, also known as Joachim of Flora and in Italian Gioacchino da Fiore (c. 1135 \u2013 30 March 1202), was an Italian theologian and the founder of the monastic order of San Giovanni in Fiore. According to theologian Bernard McGinn, \"Joachim of Fiore is the most important apocalyptic thinker of the whole medieval period.\"Later followers, inspired by his works in eschatology and historicist theories, are called Joachimites.\n\n", "Q58845": "Adolph Wagner (25 March 1835 \u2013 8 November 1917) was a German economist and politician, a leading Kathedersozialist (academic socialist) and public finance scholar and advocate of agrarianism. Wagner's law of increasing state activity is named after him.\n\n", "Q230563": "Irene Papas (or Pappas) (Greek: \u0395\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03c0\u03ac, romanized: Eir\u00edni Papp\u00e1 [i\u02c8rini pa\u02c8pa]; born 3 September 1929) is a Greek actress and singer who starred in over 70 films in a career spanning more than 50 years. She became famous in Greece, and then internationally in feature films such as The Guns of Navarone and Zorba the Greek. She was a powerful protagonist in films including The Trojan Women and Iphigenia. She played the title roles in Antigone (1961) and Electra (1962).\nPapas won Best Actress awards in 1961 at the Berlin International Film Festival for Antigone and in 1971 from the National Board of Review for The Trojan Women. She received career awards in 1993, the Golden Arrow Award at Hamptons International Film Festival, and in 2009, the Golden Lion Award at the Venice Biennale.", "Q954623": "Michael Allen Jones (born November 18, 1981) is an American rapper, actor, songwriter, and entrepreneur. He reached national fame in 2004 on Swishahouse with the release of his breakout single \"Still Tippin'\", which peaked at number 60 on the Billboard Hot 100. Jones subsequently released his single \"Back Then\", which peaked at number 22 on the Billboard. \"Still Tippin'\" and \"Back Then\" acted as singles for his debut studio album Who Is Mike Jones?, released on April 19, 2005, which peaked at number 3 on the US Billboard 200 and is certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).\nJones initially became recognized for his catchphrase \"Mike Jones, who?\" (or, \"who is Mike Jones?\"), which he would usually repeat several times on songs. He also became known for handing out shirts with his cell phone number printed on the back. The two went on to be trademarks of Jones throughout his music career.", "Q153040": "Larissa Mabel Riquelme Frutos (born 22 February 1985) is a Paraguayan model and actress from Asunci\u00f3n. She is one of the highest-paid models in Paraguay.", "Q3141992": "Hubert Deschamps (13 September 1923 \u2013 29 December 1998) was a French actor.\nHe was the son of the museum curator Paul Deschamps (1888-1974) and uncle of the French stage director J\u00e9r\u00f4me Deschamps.", "Q188122": "Juan Pablo Duarte (January 26, 1813 \u2013 July 15, 1876) was a Dominican writer, activist, poet, military leader and liberal politician who was the foremost of the \"founding fathers\" of the Dominican Republic. As one of the most celebrated figures in Dominican history, Duarte is considered a folk hero and revolutionary visionary in the modern Dominican Republic, who along with Francisco del Rosario S\u00e1nchez and Ramon Matias Mella, organized and promoted the movement, a secret society known as La Trinitaria, that eventually led to the Dominican revolt and independence from Haitian rule in 1844 and the start of a decennial Dominican War of Independence. \nDuarte helped inspire and finance the Dominican War of Independence, paying a heavy toll which would eventually ruin him financially. His liberal views made him a controversial figure among conservative and powerful Dominicans of the time, and he was exiled on numerous occasions after the founding of the new nation. His liberal views went against the conservative elites who sought for heavy-handed control of the nation, and wanted to maintain the traditional regionalisms of the past. Duarte had strong disagreements with the republic's first president, Pedro Santana, as Santana was a tyrannical figure. Ultimately, Duarte would spend many years away from the nation he helped shape and would die in exile, which made him a political martyr in the eyes of subsequent generations.", "Q66015": "Wilhelm Waiblinger (listen ; 21 November 1804 \u2013 17 or 30 January 1830) was a German romantic poet, mostly remembered today in connection with Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. After he had attended Gymnasium Illustre in Stuttgart, he was a student at the seminary of T\u00fcbingen in the 1820s, when H\u00f6lderlin, already mentally ill, lived there as a recluse in a carpenter's house. Waiblinger, who used to visit the older poet and take him out for walks, left an account of H\u00f6lderlin's life then, H\u00f6lderlins Leben, Dichtung und Wahnsinn (\"H\u00f6lderlin's life, poetry and madness\"). In the late 1820s, Waiblinger left T\u00fcbingen for Italy, dying at the age of 25 in Rome, where he is buried in the Protestant Cemetery.In his short story \"Im Presselschen Gartenhaus\" (\"In Pressel\u2019s Garden-house\", 1913), Hermann Hesse gives a touching picture of a visit to H\u00f6lderlin by Waiblinger and the poet Eduard M\u00f6rike, both young theology students in T\u00fcbingen, like H\u00f6lderlin himself decades before.", "Q3338543": "Ali Ardekani (Persian: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e; born October 11, 1974), best known by his stage name Baba Ali (Persian: \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u200e), is an Iranian-born American comedian, games developer, businessman and actor.", "Q71569": "Hieronymus M\u00fcnzer or Monetarius (1437/47 in Feldkirch \u2013 27 August 1508 in Nuremberg) was a Renaissance humanist, physician and geographer who made a famous grand tour of the Iberian peninsula in 1494\u20135. He was co-author of the Nuremberg Chronicle.\n\n", "Q154049": "Michael Patrick Forbes (born July 16, 1952) is an American politician from the state of New York.", "Q218589": "War Horse is a 2011 British-American epic war film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay written by Lee Hall and Richard Curtis, based on Michael Morpurgo's 1982 novel of the same name and its 2007 play adaptation. The film's ensemble cast includes Jeremy Irvine (in his film acting debut), Emily Watson, David Thewlis, Tom Hiddleston, Benedict Cumberbatch, Eddie Marsan, Niels Arestrup, Toby Kebbell, David Kross, and Peter Mullan.Set before and during World War I, it tells of the journey of Joey, a bay Thoroughbred horse raised by British teenager Albert (Irvine), as he is bought by the British Army, leading him to encounter numerous individuals and owners throughout Europe, all the while experiencing the tragedies of the war happening around him.\nDreamWorks Pictures acquired the film rights to the novel in December 2009, with Spielberg announced to direct the film in May 2010. Having directed many films set during the Second World War, it was his first film to tackle the events of World War I. Long-term Spielberg collaborators Janusz Kami\u0144ski, Michael Kahn, Rick Carter, and John Williams all worked on the film as cinematographer, editor, production designer, and music composer, respectively.\nProduced by DreamWorks Pictures and released worldwide by Touchstone Pictures, War Horse became a box-office success and was met with positive reviews. The film was nominated for six Academy Awards including Best Picture, two Golden Globe Awards and five BAFTAs.", "Q7059380": "Northfield Mount Hermon School, commonly referred to as NMH, is a co-educational college-preparatory school for both boarding and day students in grades 9\u201312 and postgraduates. NMH is a selective school with an acceptance rate of 32%. The school is located on the banks of the Connecticut River, with the majority of the campus being located within the towns of Bernardston, Northfield, (West Northfield), and Gill, Massachusetts.\nOriginally two neighboring schools, (the Northfield School for Girls founded in 1879, and the Mount Hermon School for Boys founded in 1881) NMH merged into a single institution in 1971 and consolidated on one campus in 2005.\nNMH is a member of the Eight Schools Association, a group of elite high schools established in 1973 and comprising Phillips Academy (known as Andover), Phillips Exeter Academy (known as Exeter), Choate Rosemary Hall (known as Choate), Deerfield Academy, Hotchkiss School, Lawrenceville School, and St. Paul's School.", "Q17834": "Rebstein is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q332360": "Denis Winston Healey, Baron Healey, (30 August 1917 \u2013 3 October 2015), was a British Labour Party politician who served as Secretary of State for Defence from 1964 to 1970, Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1974 to 1979 and Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1980 to 1983.\nHe was a Member of Parliament for 40 years (from 1952 until his retirement in 1992) and was the last surviving member of the cabinet formed by Harold Wilson after the Labour Party's victory in the 1964 general election. A major figure in the party, he was defeated for the party leadership in 1976 and 1980.\nTo the public at large, Healey became well known for his bushy eyebrows and his creative turns of phrase.", "Q60464": "Let's Dance is a 1950 musical romantic comedy Technicolor film starring Betty Hutton and Fred Astaire, and released by Paramount Pictures.", "Q84090": "The Cathedral of the Most Holy Savior and of Saints John the Baptist and the Evangelist in the Lateran (Italian: Santissimo Salvatore e Santi Giovanni Battista ed Evangelista in Laterano), also known as the Papal Archbasilica of Saint John [in] Lateran, Saint John Lateran, or the Lateran Basilica, is the cathedral church of the Diocese of Rome in the city of Rome, and serves as the seat of the Roman Pontiff. \nIt is the oldest and highest ranking of the four papal major basilicas, holding the unique title of \"archbasilica\". It is the oldest public church in the city of Rome, and the oldest basilica of the Western world. It houses the cathedra of the Roman bishop, and has the title of ecumenical mother church of the Catholic faithful.\nThe current rector is Cardinal Archpriest Angelo De Donatis, Vicar General for the Diocese of Rome. The President of the French Republic, currently Emmanuel Macron, is ex officio the \"first and only honorary canon\" of the archbasilica, a title that the heads of state of France have possessed since King Henry IV.\nThe large Latin inscription on the fa\u00e7ade reads: Clemens XII Pont Max Anno V Christo Salvatori In Hon SS Ioan Bapt et Evang. This abbreviated inscription translates as: \"Pope Clement XII, in the fifth year [of his Pontificate, dedicated this building] to Christ the Savior, in honor of Saints John the Baptist and [John] the Evangelist\". The inscription indicates, with its full title (see below), that the archbasilica was originally dedicated to Christ the Savior and, centuries later, co-dedicated to Saint John the Baptist and Saint John the Evangelist. As the Cathedral of the Pope as Bishop of Rome, it ranks superior to all other churches of the Roman Catholic Church, including Saint Peter's Basilica.\nThe archbasilica is sited in the City of Rome. It is outside Vatican City, which is approximately 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to its northwest, although the archbasilica and its adjoining edifices have extraterritorial status from Italy as one of the properties of the Holy See, pursuant to the Lateran Treaty of 1929.", "Q70677": "Bregaglia (Romansh: Bregaglia ) is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the canton of Grisons in Switzerland. It was formed by the 2010 merger of the municipalities of Bondo, Castasegna, Soglio, Stampa and Vicosoprano, all located in the Val Bregaglia.", "Q999123": "The Town of Huntington is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States. Founded in 1653, it is located on the north shore of Long Island in northwestern Suffolk County, with Long Island Sound to its north and Nassau County adjacent to the west. Huntington is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the United States 2010 Census, the town population was 203,264.\nHuntington is the only township in the United States to ban self-service gas stations at the town level. Along with New Jersey and Oregon, they are the only three places in the country where full-service gas stations are compulsory.", "Q185406": "Samuel Hopkins Adams (January 26, 1871 \u2013 November 16, 1958) was an American writer, best known for his investigative journalism and muckraking.", "Q438402": "Maria \"Masha\" Efrosinina (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0404\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0430), (born 25 May 1979 in Kerch), is a Ukrainian television host.", "Q203817": "The First Bulgarian Empire (Old Bulgarian: \u0446\ufe22\u0440\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u043b\ufe22\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435, ts'rstvo bl'garskoe) was a medieval Bulgarian state that existed in Southeastern Europe between the 7th and 11th centuries AD. It was founded in 681 when Bulgar tribes led by Asparuh moved to the northeastern Balkans. There they secured Byzantine recognition of their right to settle south of the Danube by defeating \u2013 possibly with the help of local South Slavic tribes \u2013 the Byzantine army led by Constantine IV. At the height of its power, Bulgaria spread from the Danube Bend to the Black Sea and from the Dnieper River to the Adriatic Sea.\nAs the state solidified its position in the Balkans, it entered into a centuries-long interaction, sometimes friendly and sometimes hostile, with the Byzantine Empire. Bulgaria emerged as Byzantium's chief antagonist to its north, resulting in several wars. The two powers also enjoyed periods of peace and alliance, most notably during the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople, where the Bulgarian army broke the siege and destroyed the Arab army, thus preventing an Arab invasion of Southeastern Europe. Byzantium had a strong cultural influence on Bulgaria, which also led to the eventual adoption of Christianity in 864. After the disintegration of the Avar Khaganate, the country expanded its territory northwest to the Pannonian Plain. Later the Bulgarians confronted the advance of the Pechenegs and Cumans, and achieved a decisive victory over the Magyars, forcing them to establish themselves permanently in Pannonia.\nDuring the late 9th and early 10th centuries, Simeon I achieved a string of victories over the Byzantines. Thereafter, he was recognized with the title of Emperor, and proceeded to expand the state to its greatest extent. After the annihilation of the Byzantine army in the Battle of Anchialus in 917, the Bulgarians laid siege to Constantinople in 923 and 924. The Byzantines, however, eventually recovered, and in 1014, under Basil II, inflicted a crushing defeat on the Bulgarians at the Battle of Kleidion. By 1018, the last Bulgarian strongholds had surrendered to the Byzantine Empire, and the First Bulgarian Empire had ceased to exist. It was succeeded by the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185.\nAfter the adoption of Christianity, Bulgaria became the cultural center of Slavic Europe. Its leading cultural position was further consolidated with the invention of the Glagolitic and Early Cyrillic alphabets shortly after in the capital Preslav, and literature produced in Old Bulgarian soon began spreading north. Old Bulgarian became the lingua franca of much of Eastern Europe and it came to be known as Old Church Slavonic. In 927, the fully independent Bulgarian Patriarchate was officially recognized.\nThe ruling Bulgars and other non-Slavic tribes in the empire gradually mixed and adopted the prevailing Slavic language, thus gradually forming the Bulgarian nation from the 7th century to the 9th century. Since the late 9th century, the names Bulgarians and Bulgarian gained prevalence and became permanent designations for the local population, both in literature and in common parlance. The development of Old Church Slavonic literacy had the effect of preventing the assimilation of the South Slavs into neighbouring cultures, while stimulating the formation of a distinct Bulgarian identity.", "Q118257": "Emil Johann Rudolf Frey (24 October 1838 \u2013 24 December 1922) was a Swiss politician, soldier in the American Civil War and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1890\u20131897).", "Q1803": "Gordian II (Latin: Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus Augustus; c. 192 \u2013 12 April 238) was Roman Emperor for 21 days with his father Gordian I in 238, the Year of the Six Emperors. Seeking to overthrow Emperor Maximinus Thrax, he died in battle outside Carthage. Since he died before his father, Gordian II had the shortest reign of any Roman Emperor in the whole of the Empire's history, at 21 days.", "Q264654": "April Matson (born March 13, 1981) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her portrayal of Lori Trager on the ABC Family cable television network series Kyle XY. She was also featured on the Fox network television series Quintuplets alongside Andy Richter, and in the 2005 film short Forsaken.\nMatson was raised in Lake Elsinore, California. She trained at the Elsinore Theatre and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts; she also studied sketch comedy at The Second City troupe's school in Los Angeles. Matson has performed in numerous theatrical productions, a rejected pilot for MTV and several independent films. In 2002, Matson made a guest appearance on American Dreams. \nShe is also a singer, and had two songs featured in episodes of Kyle XY. The first song is called \"Will You Remember Me (Lori's Song)\" and was played in the season two episode \"Does Kyle Dream of Electric Fish?\". A non-acoustic version of this song is available on the Kyle XY soundtrack album. The other song is called \"Right In Front Of Me,\" which was featured in the season two finale, \"I've Had the Time of My Life.\" Matson released a debut album called Pieces of My Heart.\nMatson recently played April Johnson on the Idaho-based web series The Gratitude Clan and Crystal in the 2015 mystery-thriller Primrose Lane.\nCurrently living in Idaho, she founded PLATFORM, a company designed for creative individuals to collaborate on ideas, in December 2015. She's also the office manager for AnchorPoint Accounting, according to her LinkedIn page.", "Q326315": "Szczepan Sadurski is a polish satirist, cartoonist, caricaturist, journalist, leader of the Partia Dobrego Humoru (Good Humor Party). He was born in 1965 in Lublin, and graduated from art secondary school (1985). He has published more than 5 thousand drawings in 200 magazines. Winner of awards, including the Golden Szpilka \u201886 (prize from the magazine \u201cSzpilki\u201d for the year\u2019s best drawing). Founder of Wydawnictwo Humoru i Satyry (Humour and Satire Publishing) Superpress (1991), editor in chief of the magazine Dobry Humor. Founder and leader of the Partia Dobrego Humoru (Good Humor Party) - an informal, international organization for people who love laughing (more than three thousand members in Poland and other countries). The owner of the Sadurski.com satirical web portal. He has been a juror in many satirical and cabaret competitions in Poland, as well as in Turkey and Sweden. He lives in the Polish capital, Warsaw.", "Q977944": "Jukka Koskinen is a Finnish musician, who is the bassist for the Finnish band Wintersun. He was also the bassist for Norther from 2000 until their disbandment in 2012, for Amberian Dawn from 2010 until 2013, and for Cain's Offering from 2009 until 2014.", "Q4120307": "Badr bin Abdulaziz (1932 \u2013 1 April 2013) (Arabic: \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e) was a long-term deputy commander of the Saudi National Guard and a senior member of the Saudi royal family.\n\n", "Q328338": "Jennifer Weiner (born March 28, 1970) is an American writer, television producer, and journalist. She is based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her debut novel, published in 2001, was Good in Bed. Her novel In Her Shoes (2002) was made into a movie starring Cameron Diaz, Toni Collette, and Shirley MacLaine.", "Q984614": "Danny Ray Whitten (May 8, 1943 \u2013 November 18, 1972) was an American musician and songwriter best known for his work with Neil Young's backing band Crazy Horse, and for the song \"I Don't Want To Talk About It\", a hit for Rod Stewart and Everything but the Girl.", "Q752663": "Delft University of Technology (Dutch: Technische Universiteit Delft) also known as TU Delft, is the oldest and largest Dutch public technological university. It is located in Delft, Netherlands. It is consistently ranked as the best university in the Netherlands. As of 2020, it is ranked by QS World University Rankings among the top 15 engineering and technology universities in the world.With eight faculties and numerous research institutes, it has more than 19,000 students (undergraduate and postgraduate), and employs more than 2,900 scientists and 2,100 support and management staff.The university was established on 8 January 1842 by William II of the Netherlands as a Royal Academy, with the primary purpose of training civil servants for work in the Dutch East Indies. The school expanded its research and education curriculum over time, becoming a polytechnic school in 1864 and an institute of technology (making it a full-fledged university) in 1905. It changed its name to Delft University of Technology in 1986.Dutch Nobel laureates Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, and Simon van der Meer have been associated with TU Delft. TU Delft is a member of several university federations, including the IDEA League, CESAER, UNITECH International, and 4TU.", "Q2154708": "Rise Records is an American record label currently based in Beaverton, Oregon, mainly focusing on heavy metal and punk rock music artists.", "Q272036": "Wings is a 1927 American silent war film set during the First World War produced by Lucien Hubbard, directed by William A. Wellman and released by Paramount Pictures. It stars Clara Bow, Charles \"Buddy\" Rogers and Richard Arlen. Gary Cooper appears in a small role which helped launch his career in Hollywood.\nThe film, a romantic action-war picture, was rewritten by scriptwriters Hope Loring and Louis D. Lighton from a story by John Monk Saunders to accommodate Bow, Paramount's biggest star at the time. Wellman was hired as he was the only director in Hollywood at the time who had World War I combat pilot experience, although Richard Arlen and John Monk Saunders had also served in the war as military aviators. The film was shot on location on a budget of $2 million (equivalent to $28.88 million in 2019) at Kelly Field in San Antonio, Texas between September 7, 1926 and April 7, 1927. Hundreds of extras and some 300 pilots were involved in the filming, including pilots and planes of the United States Army Air Corps which were brought in for the filming and to provide assistance and supervision. Wellman extensively rehearsed the scenes for the Battle of Saint-Mihiel over ten days with some 3500 infantrymen on a battlefield made for the production on location. Although the cast and crew had much spare time during the filming because of weather delays, shooting conditions were intense, and Wellman frequently conflicted with the military officers brought in to supervise the picture.\n\nAcclaimed for its technical prowess and realism upon release, the film became the yardstick against which future aviation films were measured, mainly because of its realistic air-combat sequences. It went on to win the first Academy Award for Best Picture at the first annual Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences award ceremony in 1929, the only silent film to do so. It also won the Academy Award for Best Engineering Effects (Roy Pomeroy). Wings was one of the first to show two men kissing, and also one of the first widely released films to show nudity. In 1997, Wings was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\", and the film was re-released to Cinemark theaters to coincide with the 85th Anniversary for a limited run in May 2012. The film was re-released again for its 90th anniversary in 2017. The Academy Film Archive preserved Wings in 2002.\n\n", "Q72060": "Wilhelm Busch (27 March 1897 \u2013 20 June 1966) was a German pastor, youth evangelist, writer and activist in the Confessing Church during the Nazi period in Germany.\n\n", "Q1095376": "Clarence Frank Birdseye II (December 9, 1886 \u2013 October 7, 1956) was an American inventor, entrepreneur, and naturalist and is considered to be the founder of the modern frozen food industry.", "Q526166": "Andrew Jay Hertzfeld (born April 6, 1953) is an American software engineer and innovator who was a member of the original Apple Macintosh development team during the 1980s. After buying an Apple II in January 1978, he went to work for Apple Computer from August 1979 until March 1984, where he was a designer for the Macintosh system software. Since leaving Apple, he has co-founded three companies: Radius in 1986, General Magic in 1990, and Eazel in 1999. In 2002, he helped Mitch Kapor promote open source software with the Open Source Applications Foundation. Hertzfeld worked at Google from 2005 to 2013, where in 2011 he was the key designer of the Circles user interface in Google+.", "Q51691": "Amarillo ( AM-\u0259-RIL-oh) is the 14th-most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is also the largest city in the Texas Panhandle, and the seat of Potter County. A portion of the city extends into Randall County. The estimated population was 199,924 as of 2018. The Amarillo metropolitan area has an estimated population of 276,020 in four counties as of 2017. The metro population is projected to surpass 310,000 in 2020.Amarillo, originally named Oneida, is situated in the Llano Estacado region. The availability of the railroad and freight service provided by the Fort Worth and Denver City Railroad contributed to the city's growth as a cattle-marketing center in the late 19th century.The city was once the self-proclaimed \"Helium Capital of the World\" for having one of the country's most productive helium fields. The city is also known as \"The Yellow Rose of Texas\" (as the city takes its name from the Spanish word for yellow), and most recently \"Rotor City, USA\" for its V-22 Osprey hybrid aircraft assembly plant, as well as \"Bomb City\". Amarillo operates one of the largest meat-packing areas in the United States. Pantex, the only nuclear weapons assembly and disassembly facility in the country, is also a major employer. The location of this facility also gave rise to the nickname Bomb City. The attractions Cadillac Ranch and Big Texan Steak Ranch are located adjacent to Interstate 40. U.S. Highway 66 also passed through the city.", "Q19831": "Peter Bruce Lilley, Baron Lilley, PC (born 23 August 1943) is a British Conservative politician who was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1983 to 2017 representing the constituency of Hitchin and Harpenden from 1997 and, prior to boundary changes, St Albans. He was a Cabinet minister in the governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major, serving as Trade and Industry Secretary from July 1990 to April 1992, and as Social Security Secretary from April 1992 to May 1997, when he introduced Incapacity Benefit.\nOn 26 April 2017, he announced his retirement as an MP. He has been a long term critic of the European Union and backed Brexit in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. Lilley has since been supportive of the Eurosceptic pressure group Leave Means Leave. In May 2018, he was nominated for a peerage in the House of Lords.", "Q70887": "Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff (German: Johann Hartwig Ernst Graf von Bernstorff; 13 May 1712 \u2013 18 February 1772) was a German-Danish statesman and a member of the Bernstorff noble family of Mecklenburg. He was the son of Joachim Engelke Freiherr von Bernstorff, chamberlain to the Elector of Hanover.", "Q238671": "Deborah Anne Mazar Corcos (; born August 13, 1964) is an American actress and television personality, known for playing sharp-tongued women. She began her career with supporting roles in Goodfellas (1990), Little Man Tate (1991) and Singles (1992), followed by lead roles on the legal drama series Civil Wars and L.A. Law.\nBeginning in 2014, she has had a starring role in the Cooking Channel series Extra Virgin, along with her husband Gabriele Corcos. She is also known for her role as press agent Shauna Roberts on the HBO series Entourage and currently stars as Maggie Amato on TV Land's Younger.", "Q267375": "Caterina Reminy Scorsone (born October 16, 1981) is a Canadian actress.\nScorsone is best known for her roles on television. She starred as lead character in the Lifetime crime drama series Missing from 2003 to 2006. She appeared as Amelia Shepherd in the ABC medical dramas Private Practice and Grey's Anatomy. Scorsone also has starred in a number of television films, including Alice (2009).", "Q26419": "Justin Portal Welby (born 6 January 1956) is the 105th Archbishop of Canterbury and the most senior Bishop in the Church of England. He has served in that role since 2013. Welby was the Vicar of Southam, Warwickshire, and most recently was the Bishop of Durham, serving for just over a year. As Archbishop of Canterbury, he is the primate of all England and the head primus inter pares of the worldwide Anglican Communion.\nWelby was educated at the University of Cambridge where he read History and Law. Later in life, he received an ordination at St John's College, Durham. After several parochial appointments, he became the Dean of Liverpool in 2007 and the Bishop of Durham in 2011.\nWelby's theology is reported as representing the evangelical tradition within Anglicanism. Having worked in business before his ordination, some of his publications explore the relationship between finance and religion and, as a member of the House of Lords, he sits on the panel of the 2012 Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards.", "Q312098": "Jos\u00e9 Vicente Ferrer de Otero y Cintr\u00f3n (January 8, 1912 \u2013 January 26, 1992), known as Jos\u00e9 Ferrer, was a Puerto Rican actor and theatre and film director. He was the first Puerto Rican-born actor, as well as the first Hispanic actor, to win an Academy Award (in 1950 for Cyrano de Bergerac).\nIn 1947, Ferrer won the Tony Award for his theatrical performance of Cyrano de Bergerac, and in 1952, he won the Distinguished Dramatic Actor Award for The Shrike, and also the Outstanding Director Award for directing the plays The Shrike, The Fourposter, and Stalag 17.\nFerrer's contributions to American theatre were recognized in 1981, when he was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. In 1985, he received the National Medal of Arts from Ronald Reagan, becoming the first actor to receive that honor.", "Q856008": "Barbara Epstein (August 30, 1928 \u2013 June 16, 2006) was a literary editor and founding co-editor of The New York Review of Books.", "Q124586": "Ali Atalan (born 5 January 1968 in Midyat) is a Turkish-German politician of Kurdish Yazidi descent. Formerly a member of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia with Die Linke, he is currently a member of the Turkish Parliament with the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP).", "Q332348": "Wall Street is a 1987 American drama film, directed and co-written by Oliver Stone, which stars Michael Douglas, Charlie Sheen, and Daryl Hannah. The film tells the story of Bud Fox (Sheen), a young stockbroker who becomes involved with Gordon Gekko (Douglas), a wealthy, unscrupulous corporate raider.\nStone made the film as a tribute to his father, Lou Stone, a stockbroker during the Great Depression. The character of Gekko is said to be a composite of several people, including Dennis Levine, Ivan Boesky, Carl Icahn, Asher Edelman, Michael Milken, and Stone himself. The character of Sir Lawrence Wildman, meanwhile, was modeled on the prominent British financier and corporate raider Sir James Goldsmith. Originally, the studio wanted Warren Beatty to play Gekko, but he was not interested; Stone, meanwhile, wanted Richard Gere, but Gere passed on the role.\nThe film was well received among major film critics. Douglas won the Academy Award for Best Actor, and the film has come to be seen as the archetypal portrayal of 1980s success, with Douglas' character declaring that \"greed, for lack of a better word, is good.\" It has also proven influential in inspiring people to work on Wall Street, with Sheen, Douglas, and Stone commenting over the years how people still approach them and say that they became stockbrokers because of their respective characters in the film.\nStone and Douglas reunited for a sequel titled Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps, which was released theatrically on September 24, 2010.", "Q268046": "Jean Paige Turco (born May 17, 1965) is an American actress, best known for her role as April O'Neil in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III. Other notable roles include Melanie Cortlandt on the ABC soap opera All My Children, Terri Lowell in the CBS series The Agency, and appearances in American Gothic, NYPD Blue, Party of Five and Person of Interest. From 2014 to 2019 she starred as Abigail Griffin in the post-apocalyptic drama series, The 100.", "Q146465": "Baldwin III (1130 \u2013 10 February 1163) was King of Jerusalem from 1143 to 1163. He was the eldest son of Melisende and Fulk of Jerusalem. He became king while still a child, and was at first overshadowed by his mother Melisende, whom he eventually defeated in a civil war. During his reign Jerusalem became more closely allied with the Byzantine Empire, and the Second Crusade tried and failed to conquer Damascus. Baldwin captured the important Egyptian fortress of Ascalon, but also had to deal with the increasing power of Nur ad-Din in Syria. He died childless and was succeeded by his brother Amalric.", "Q73356": "Robert Todd Carroll (May 18, 1945 \u2013 August 25, 2016) was an American writer and academic. Carroll was best known for his contributions in the field of skepticism; he achieved notability by publishing The Skeptic's Dictionary online in 1994. He was elected a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry in 2010. He described himself as a naturalist, an atheist, a materialist, a metaphysical libertarian, and a positivist.His published books include Becoming a Critical Thinker; The Skeptic's Dictionary; The Skeptic's Dictionary for Kids; The Critical Thinker's Dictionary; Unnatural Acts: Critical Thinking, Skepticism, and Science Exposed!; The Commonsense Philosophy of Religion of Edward Stillingfleet; Student Success Guide: Writing Skills and Student Success Guide: Reading Skills.He was a professor of philosophy at Sacramento City College from 1977 until his retirement in 2007.", "Q88682": "Ernst David Kaiser (October 3, 1911 in Vienna - January 1, 1972 in Reading, England) was an Austrian writer and translator.", "Q377614": "Sir Isaac Lowthian Bell, 1st Baronet, FRS (18 February 1816 \u2013 20 December 1904) was a Victorian ironmaster and Liberal Party politician from Washington, County Durham, in the north of England. He was described as being \"as famous in his day as Isambard Kingdom Brunel\".Bell was an energetic and skilful entrepreneur as well as an innovative metallurgist. He was involved in multiple partnerships with his brothers to make iron and alkali chemicals, and with other pioneers including Robert Stirling Newall to make steel cables. He pioneered the large-scale manufacture of aluminium at his Washington works, conducting experiments in its production, and in the production of other chemicals such as the newly discovered element thallium. He was a director of major companies including the North Eastern Railway and the Forth Bridge company, then the largest bridge project in the world.\nHe was a wealthy patron of the arts, commissioning the architect Philip Webb, the designer William Morris and the painter Edward Burne-Jones on his Yorkshire mansions Rounton Grange and Mount Grace Priory.", "Q179695": "Ismail Kadare (Albanian pronunciation: [isma\u02c8il kada\u02c8\u027ee], also spelled Isma\u00efl Kadar\u00e9 in French; born 28 January 1936) is an Albanian novelist, poet, essayist and playwright. During the communist regime he was a member of the People's Assembly for 12 years (1970\u201382), and deputy chairman of the Democratic Front. He started writing poetry until the publication of his first novel The General of the Dead Army, which made him a leading literary figure in Albania and famous internationally. In 1996, he became a foreign associate of the Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences Morales et Politiques of France.\nIn 1992, he was awarded the Prix mondial Cino Del Duca; in 1998, the Herder Prize; in 2005, he won the inaugural Man Booker International Prize; in 2009, the Prince of Asturias Award of Arts; in 2015, the Jerusalem Prize, and in 2016, he was a Commandeur de la L\u00e9gion d'Honneur recipient.\nKadare is regarded by some as one of the greatest European writers and intellectuals of the 20th century and, in addition, as a universal voice against totalitarianism. Critical opinion is divided as to whether Kadare should be considered to have been a dissident or a conformist during the Communist period. Some academic commentators now regard Kadare's depiction of Albania under the Ottoman Empire as indebted to communist-era Orientalist artistic production, condemning it as Eurocentric, essentialist, fundamentalist and anti-modernist, giving rise to Islamophobia and racism.", "Q430076": "Marcus Cook Connelly (December 13, 1890 \u2013 December 21, 1980) was an American playwright, director, producer, performer, and lyricist. He was a key member of the Algonquin Round Table, and received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1930.", "Q505967": "Riedlingen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281i\u02d0tl\u026a\u014b\u0259n]) is a town in the district (Kreis) of Biberach, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, in the south-west of Germany. It is one of the destinations of the Upper Swabian Baroque Route. Riedlingen has approximately 10,000 inhabitants.", "Q98491": "Klaus Ampler (15 November 1940 \u2013 6 May 2016) was a German cyclist. His sporting career began with SC DHfK Leipzig. He competed for East Germany in the team time trial at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He won the peace race in 1963. Ampler died at a nursing home in Leipzig on 6 May 2016 at the age of 75. He was the father of Uwe Ampler, who became a professional cyclist and was coached by his father in the 1980s.\n\n", "Q75727": "Georg Karl Wilhelm Adolf Ebert (1 June 1820, in Kassel \u2013 1 July 1890, in Leipzig) was a Romance philologist and literary historian. He was an author of literary studies as well as a publisher of periodicals, including the Jahrbuch f\u00fcr Romanische und Englische Literatur.\nEbert studied in Marburg, Leipzig, G\u00f6ttingen, and Berlin between 1840 and 1843, was appointed as professor at the University of Marburg, and in 1862 came to occupy the newly founded chair of Romance philology at the University of Leipzig. With Ferdinand Wolf he founded and edited the Jahrbuch f\u00fcr Romanische und Englische Literatur, until 1863, when it was taken over by Ludwig Lemcke.He was the author of the three volume Allgemeine Geschichte der Literatur des Mittelalters im Abendlande (\"General history of literature of the Middle Ages in the West\").", "Q384944": "The County of Brant (2016 population 36,707) is a single-tier municipality in the Canadian province of Ontario. Despite its name, it is no longer a county by definition, as all municipal services are handled by a single level of government. The county has service offices in Burford, Paris, Oakland, Onondaga and St. George. \nIt is a predominantly rural municipality in Southern Ontario. The largest population centre (2016 population, 12,310) is Paris. The County is bordered by North Dumfries township, the City of Hamilton, Haldimand County, Norfolk County, and the townships of Blandford-Blenheim and Norwich. The County abuts the provincially-mandated Greenbelt (Golden Horseshoe).\nAlthough the city of Brantford appears geographically to be located in the County, it is a fully independent city with its own municipal government. The Brant census division, which includes Brantford and the Six Nations and New Credit reserves, along with the County of Brant, had a population of 134,808 in the 2016 census.", "Q33772": "Du Fu (Wade\u2013Giles: Tu Fu; Chinese: \u675c\u752b; 712 \u2013 770) was a Chinese poet and politician of the Tang dynasty. Along with Li Bai (Li Po), he is frequently called the greatest of the Chinese poets. His greatest ambition was to serve his country as a successful civil servant, but he proved unable to make the necessary accommodations. His life, like the whole country, was devastated by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755, and his last 15 years were a time of almost constant unrest.\nAlthough initially he was little-known to other writers, his works came to be hugely influential in both Chinese and Japanese literary culture. Of his poetic writing, nearly fifteen hundred poems have been preserved over the ages. He has been called the \"Poet-Historian\" and the \"Poet-Sage\" by Chinese critics, while the range of his work has allowed him to be introduced to Western readers as \"the Chinese Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Shakespeare, Milton, Burns, Wordsworth, B\u00e9ranger, Hugo or Baudelaire\".", "Q106041": "Wolfram Grandezka (born 17 December 1969 in Saalfeld, Thuringia) is a German actor.\nHe landed the role of Roman Klingenberg in the Daytime soap opera Unter uns. He played the role from 5 January 1998 to 26 April 2000. Wolfram came to another soap, Verbotene Liebe, four years later. He has played Ansgar von Lahnstein, a charming villain, since 22 January 2004.\nFrom 1999 to 2005, he was married to model Nadja Auermann and has a son, Nicolas Robert (born 1999), with her.\n\n", "Q660835": "Nile is an American death metal band from Greenville, South Carolina, United States, formed in 1993. Their music and lyrics are inspired by Ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern mysticism, history, religion, and ancient art, as well as the works of H.P. Lovecraft.", "Q233724": "Vanessa Ferlito is an American actress. She is known for appearing as Detective Aiden Burn in CSI: NY, as well as her recurring portrayal of Claudia Hernandez in 24 and her regular role as FBI Agent Charlie DeMarco in Graceland. She has also appeared in a number of films, including Spider-Man 2 (2004), Shadowboxer (2005), Man of the House (2005), Death Proof (2007), Nothing like the Holidays (2008), Madea Goes to Jail (2009), Julie & Julia (2009), Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps (2010), and Stand Up Guys (2012). Ferlito currently stars in the CBS series NCIS: New Orleans, playing Special Agent Tammy Gregorio.", "Q12964": "Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Villain (born 31 May 1950 in Abbeville, Somme) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the Nord department, from 2002 to 2017 and is a member of Arise the Republic, a small Gaullist party led by Nicolas Dupont-Aignan. He is also mayor of Cambrai.", "Q1021823": "B\u00fctschwil-Ganterschwil is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of B\u00fctschwil and Ganterschwil merged to form the new municipality of B\u00fctschwil-Ganterschwil.", "Q233042": "Nancy Ann Travis (born September 21, 1961) is an American actress.\nShe began her career on Off-Broadway theater, before her first leading screen role in the ABC television miniseries Harem opposite Omar Sharif. Her breakthrough came in 1987, playing Sylvia Bennington in the comedy film Three Men and a Baby, she later starred in its sequel, Three Men and a Little Lady (1990).\nTravis has starred in many films, including Internal Affairs (1990), Air America (1990), Passed Away (1992), Chaplin (1992), So I Married an Axe Murderer (1993), Greedy (1994), and Fluke (1995). On television, Travis went on to star in the CBS sitcom Almost Perfect in 1995, which ran two seasons, and in the short-lived Work with Me (1999). In 2002, she played a leading role in the ABC miniseries Rose Red, and later joined the cast of the CBS sitcom Becker for its final two seasons.\nFrom 2011 to 2017 and again in fall 2018, Travis starred as Vanessa Baxter in the ABC/Fox sitcom Last Man Standing. In 2018, she began starring opposite Michael Douglas in the Netflix comedy series The Kominsky Method.", "Q470334": "Euclides da Cunha (Portuguese: [ew\u02c8klid\u0292i\u0292 d\u0250 \u02c8k\u0169\u0272\u0250], January 20, 1866 \u2013 August 15, 1909) was a Brazilian journalist, sociologist and engineer. His most important work is Os Sert\u00f5es (Rebellion in the Backlands), a non-fictional account of the military expeditions promoted by the Brazilian government against the rebellious village of Canudos, known as the War of Canudos.\nThis book was a favorite of Robert Lowell, who ranked it above Tolstoy. Jorge Luis Borges also commented on it in his short story \"Three Versions of Judas\". The book was translated into English by Samuel Putnam and published by the University of Chicago Press in 1944. It remains in print. He was heavily influenced by Naturalism and its Darwinian proponents. Os Sert\u00f5es characterised the coast of Brazil as a chain of civilisations while the interior remained more primitive. He occupied the 7th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1903 until his death in 1909.\nHe served as inspiration for the character of The Journalist in Mario Vargas Llosa's The War of the End of the World.", "Q1195": "Meghalaya (UK: , US: ) is a hilly state in northeastern India. The name means \"the abode of clouds\" in Sanskrit. The population of Meghalaya as of 2016 is estimated to be 3,211,474. Meghalaya covers an area of approximately 22,430 square kilometres, with a length to breadth ratio of about 3:1.The state is bounded to the south by the Bangladesh divisions of Mymensingh and Sylhet, to the west by the Bangladeshi division of Rangpur, and to the north and east by India's State of Assam. It is one of the only two states of India which has only one neighbouring Indian state, other being Sikkim. The capital of Meghalaya is Shillong. During the British rule of India, the British imperial authorities nicknamed it the \"Scotland of the East\". Meghalaya was previously part of Assam, but on 21 January 1972, the districts of Khasi, Garo and Jaintia hills became the new state of Meghalaya. English is the official language of Meghalaya. Unlike many Indian states, Meghalaya has historically followed a matrilineal system where the lineage and inheritance are traced through women; the youngest daughter inherits all wealth and she also takes care of her parents.The state is the wettest region of India, recording an average of 12,000 mm (470 in) of rain a year. About 70% of the state is forested. The Meghalaya subtropical forests ecoregion encompasses the state; its mountain forests are distinct from the lowland tropical forests to the north and south. The forests are notable for their biodiversity of mammals, birds, and plants.\nMeghalaya has predominantly an agrarian economy with a significant commercial forestry industry. The important crops are potatoes, rice, maize, pineapples, bananas, papayas, spices, etc. The service sector is made up of real estate and insurance companies. Meghalaya's gross state domestic product for 2012 was estimated at \u20b916,173 crore (US$2.3 billion) in current prices. The state is geologically rich in minerals, but it has no significant industries. The state has about 1,170 km (730 mi) of national highways. It is also a major logistical center for trade with Bangladesh.In July 2018, the International Commission on Stratigraphy divided the Holocene epoch into three, with the late Holocene being called the Meghalayan stage/age, since a speleothem in Mawmluh cave indicating a dramatic worldwide climate event around 2250 BC had been chosen as the boundary stratotype.\n\n", "Q714178": "Karl Martin Sinij\u00e4rv (born June 4, 1971 in Tallinn) is an Estonian journalist and a poet.By 2011, Sinij\u00e4rv had published 8 poetry books and a cookbook. His poetry has been characterized as etnofuturist, bringing estrangement of language to the brink of self-parody. Sinij\u00e4rv's first book of poems was published in 1989 in a collection with three other poetry books by T\u00f5nu Trubetsky, Ringo Ringvee and M\u00e4rt V\u00e4ljataga.\nSinij\u00e4rv has written numerous articles in media. He has also been the anchor of culture shows \"OP!\" and \"J\u00fcri \u00dcdi klubi\" in Estonian public television channel Eesti Televisioon for more than 10 years.Sinij\u00e4rv was the chairman of the Estonian Writers' Union from 2007\u20132016.Karl Martin Sinij\u00e4rv is the son of politician and diplomat Riivo Sinij\u00e4rv. His grandfather was futurist and socialist poet Erni Hiir.", "Q460127": "Ambushed is a 1998 American action thriller film directed by Ernest Dickerson and starring Courtney B. Vance.", "Q90973": "Frank Sch\u00e4ffler (born 22 December 1968) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) who has served as a member of the Bundestag from 2005 until 2013 and since 2017.", "Q273466": "The \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure Louis-Lumi\u00e8re (ENS Louis-Lumi\u00e8re) offers theoretical, practical as well as technical and artistic education and training for those wishing to go into the various branches of the audiovisual industry in France.Run under the auspices of the Ministry of Education, it offers a state-funded course at postgraduate level leading to a nationally recognised diploma equivalent to a Master's degree.", "Q192634": "Mustafa B\u00fclent Ecevit (Turkish: [by\u02c8l\u00e6nt ed\u0292e\u02c8vit]; 28 May 1925 \u2013 5 November 2006) was a Turkish politician, poet, writer, scholar, and journalist, who served as the Prime Minister of Turkey four times between 1974 and 2002. He served as prime minister of Turkey in 1974, 1977, 1978\u201379, and 1999\u20132002. He was the leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP) between 1972 and 1980, and in 1989 he became the leader of the Democratic Left Party (DSP).", "Q100356": "Ruth Eweler (March 19, 1913 \u2013 October 1, 1947) was a German actress born in Plettenberg. She appeared in a number of films during the 1930s and 1940s, notably as a female lead in the 1937 film The Daughter of the Samurai, which was a German-Japanese co-production.", "Q68776": "Certara is a former municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Certara, Cimadera, Valcolla and Sonvico merged into the municipality of Lugano.", "Q220980": "P\u00edo Baroja y Nessi (28 December 1872 \u2013 30 October 1956) was a Spanish writer, one of the key novelists of the Generation of '98. He was a member of an illustrious family, his brother Ricardo was a painter, writer and engraver, and his nephew Julio Caro Baroja, son of his younger sister Carmen, was a well-known anthropologist.", "Q70139": "Cressier is a municipality in the district of Neuch\u00e2tel in the Swiss canton of Neuch\u00e2tel.", "Q278533": "La Tour, prends garde! (The Tower, watch out!) is a 1958 French adventure drama film directed by Georges Lampin, written by Claude Accursi, starring Jean Marais. The film was known under the title \"King on Horseback\" (USA), \"Des K\u00f6nigs bester Mann\" (West Germany), \"Killer Spy\" (international English title).", "Q67445": "Bangerten is a former municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 it was absorbed into Rapperswil.", "Q122849": "Hans Schlenck (born 14 March 1901 in Bischofsheim an der Rh\u00f6n \u2013 13 November 1944) was a German stage and film actor. He died in World War II.", "Q267413": "Ariel Gade (born May 1, 1997) is an American child actress from San Jose, California. She made her first acting appearance on an episode of television\u2019s Strong Medicine, and followed this with a performance in the Barry Levinson film Envy (2004).", "Q57586": "Erich Priebke (29 July 1913 \u2013 11 October 2013) was a German mid-level SS commander in the SS police force (SiPo) of Nazi Germany. In 1996, he was convicted of war crimes in Italy, for participating in the Ardeatine massacre in Rome on 24 March 1944 in which 335 Italian civilians were killed in retaliation for a partisan attack that killed 33 men of the German SS Police Regiment Bozen. Priebke was one of the men held responsible for this mass execution. After the defeat of Nazi Germany, he fled to Argentina where he lived for almost 50 years.\nIn 1991, Priebke's participation in the Rome massacre was denounced in Esteban Buch's book El pintor de la Suiza Argentina. In 1994, 50 years after the massacre, Priebke felt he could now talk about the incident and was interviewed by American ABC news reporter Sam Donaldson. This caused outrage among people who had not forgotten the incident, and led to his extradition to Italy and a trial which lasted more than four years.", "Q155419": "Hans Luther (listen ) (10 March 1879 \u2013 11 May 1962) was a German politician and Chancellor of Germany for 482 days in 1925 to 1926. As Minister of Finance he helped stabilize the Mark during the hyperinflation of 1923. From 1930 to 1933, Luther was head of the Reichsbank and from 1933 to 1937 he served as German ambassador to Washington.", "Q238117": "Christina Pickles (born 17 February 1935) is a British-American actress. She is known for her role as Nurse Helen Rosenthal in the NBC medical drama St. Elsewhere (1982\u20131988), for which she received five nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. She is also known for her recurring role as Judy Geller on the NBC sitcom Friends (1994\u20132003), for which she was nominated for the 1995 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series.\nPickles appeared in Broadway plays in the 1960s and 1970s, including The Misanthrope (1968) and Sherlock Holmes (1975), and starred on the daytime soap operas Guiding Light (1970\u20131972) and Another World (1977\u20131979). Her film appearances include Masters of the Universe (1987), Legends of the Fall (1994), Romeo + Juliet (1996), and The Wedding Singer (1998). She won the 2018 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actress in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series for the Vimeo series Break a Hip.", "Q1813023": "Christopher Joseph Pirillo (born July 26, 1973) is the founder and CEO of LockerGnome, Inc., a network of blogs, web forums, mailing lists, and online communities. He spent two years hosting the TechTV television program Call for Help, where he also hosted the first annual Call-for-Help-a-Thon. He now hosts videos on several Internet sites, including CNN, YouTube, Ustream, CBC.ca and his own website.", "Q102541": "Johannes Hertel (13 March 1872, Zwickau \u2013 27 October 1955, Leipzig) was a German Indologist.\nHertel wrote numerous essays and books on Indological topics. His research focus was Indian narrative literature and the Vedas. Above all, he is known for his scientific work on the textual history of the Panchatantra.\nHertel obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Leipzig in 1897 with a thesis on the Hitopadesha. From 1919 to 1937 he was full professor and Chair of Indian Studies at the University of Leipzig, where he taught Asian and Indo-European languages such as Sanskrit, Vedic, and Avestan, and he translated numerous works from these into German. Most of his works on Vedic and Avestan subjects appeared in the series Indo-Iranische Quellen und Forschungen (\"Indo-Iranian Sources and Research\"), which he also edited.In November 1933 Hertel signed the Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State.\nHertel was a member of the Saxonian Academy of Sciences and the Royal Asiatic Society in London.\nHertel's extensive correspondence is located in the University Archives of Leipzig and in the manuscript department of the Leipzig University Library.", "Q152362": "Mihai R\u0103zvan Ungureanu (Romanian pronunciation: [mi\u02c8haj r\u0259z\u02c8van u\u014b\u0261u\u02c8re\u032fanu]; born 22 September 1968) is a Romanian historian, politician and former Prime Minister of Romania. He was the foreign minister of Romania from 28 December 2004 to 12 March 2007, and he was appointed as Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service later in 2007. Following the resignation of the Emil Boc government he was appointed Prime Minister serving through April 2012 when his cabinet was dismissed following a parliamentary vote of no-confidence. He was confirmed by the Parliament for a second term as Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service, after President Klaus Iohannis nominated him in June 2015 but he resigned in September 2016, citing health issues.", "Q1326886": "Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design and application of equipment, devices and systems which use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the latter half of the 19th century after commercialization of the electric telegraph, the telephone, and electrical power generation, distribution and use.\nElectrical engineering is now divided into a wide range of fields, including computer engineering, power engineering, telecommunications, radio-frequency engineering, signal processing, instrumentation, and electronics. Many of these disciplines overlap with other engineering branches, spanning a huge number of specializations including hardware engineering, power electronics, electromagnetics and waves, microwave engineering, nanotechnology, electrochemistry, renewable energies, mechatronics, and electrical materials science. See glossary of electrical and electronics engineering.\nElectrical engineers typically hold a degree in electrical engineering or electronic engineering. Practising engineers may have professional certification and be members of a professional body or an international standards organization. These include the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) (formerly the IEE). The IEC prepares international standards for electrical engineering, developed through consensus, thanks to the work of 20,000 electrotechnical experts, coming from 172 countries worldwide.\nElectrical engineers work in a very wide range of industries and the skills required are likewise variable. These range from circuit theory to the management skills of a project manager. The tools and equipment that an individual engineer may need are similarly variable, ranging from a simple voltmeter to a top end analyzer to sophisticated design and manufacturing software.", "Q57592": "Magnus Hirschfeld (14 May 1868 \u2013 14 May 1935) was a German physician and sexologist educated primarily in Germany; he based his practice in Berlin-Charlottenburg during the Weimar period. An outspoken advocate for sexual minorities, Hirschfeld founded the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee. Historian Dustin Goltz characterized this group as having carried out \"the first advocacy for homosexual and transgender rights\". \"Hirschfeld's radical ideas changed the way Germans thought about sexuality.\" Hirschfeld was targeted by Nazis for being Jewish and gay, he was beaten up by v\u00f6lkisch activists in 1920, and in 1933 his Institut f\u00fcr Sexualwissenschaft was sacked and had its books burned by Nazis, forcing him into exile.", "Q701207": "M.A.S.K. (an acronym for Mobile Armored Strike Kommand) is a 1985-1986 animated television series produced by DIC Audiovisuel and ICC TV Productions, Ltd. The series was based on the M.A.S.K. action figures produced by Kenner Products. It was animated in Japan by studios; KK DiC Asia (later known as KK C&D Asia), Studio Juno, Studio World, and Ashi Productions.", "Q333724": "Wallace Hume Carothers (; April 27, 1896 \u2013 April 29, 1937) was an American chemist, inventor and the leader of organic chemistry at DuPont, credited with the invention of nylon.Carothers was a group leader at the DuPont Experimental Station laboratory, near Wilmington, Delaware, where most polymer research was done. Carothers was an organic chemist who, in addition to first developing nylon, also helped lay the groundwork for neoprene. After receiving his Ph.D., he taught at several universities before he was hired by DuPont to work on fundamental research.\nHe married Helen Sweetman on February 21, 1936. Carothers had been troubled by periods of depression since his youth. Despite his success with nylon, he felt that he had not accomplished much and had run out of ideas. His unhappiness was exacerbated by the death of his sister, and on April 28, 1937 he committed suicide by drinking potassium cyanide. His daughter, Jane, was born on November 27, 1937.", "Q180224": "Leonard Albert Kravitz (born May 26, 1964) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, and actor. His style incorporates elements of rock, blues, soul, R&B, funk, jazz, reggae, hard rock, psychedelic, pop, folk, and ballads.\nKravitz won the Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance four years in a row from 1999 to 2002, breaking the record for most wins in that category and setting the record for most consecutive wins in one category by a male. He has been nominated for and won other awards, including American Music Awards, MTV Video Music Awards, Radio Music Awards, Brit Awards, and Blockbuster Entertainment Awards. He was also ranked at No. 93 on VH1's \"100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock\". He was made an Officer of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011, and has played Cinna in the Hunger Games film series.", "Q4241769": "Mikhail Valentinovich Krotov (in Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432, born March 14, 1963, in Leningrad, Soviet Union) is a Russian lawyer, businessman and official.\nOn April 28, 1995, he was elected deputy chairman of the board of directors of the Baltic Sea Steamship Company. On October 2, 1995, as the Chairman Ivan Lushchinsky had been shot dead, Krotov became the chairman of its board of directors and held this position until summer 1996.In 2005, he was a first deputy director general of the Gazprom Media holding.\nSince November 7, 2005, he has been President Vladimir Putin's envoy to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.", "Q18285": "Zhu Rongji (Chinese: \u6731\u9555\u57fa; IPA: [\u0288\u0282\u00fa \u027b\u028a\u030c\u014b.t\u0255\u00ed]; born 23 October 1928) is a retired Chinese politician who served as Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai from 1988 to 1991 and as First Vice Premier and then Premier of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2003.\nA tough administrator, his time in office saw continued double-digit growth of the Chinese economy and China's increased assertiveness in international affairs. Rumored to have a testy relationship with Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin, under whom he served, Zhu provided a novel pragmatism and strong work ethic in the increasingly corrupt government and party leadership, and as a result gained great popularity with the Chinese public. His opponents, however, charge that Zhu's tough and pragmatic stance on policy was unrealistic and unnecessary, and many of his promises were left unfulfilled. Zhu retired in 2004 and has not been a public figure since.\n\n", "Q150575": "Ferdinand III (* July 13, 1608 in Graz, \u2020 April 2, 1657 in Vienna), born as Ferdinand Ernest of the House of Habsburg was from 1621 Archduke of Austria, King of Hungary from 1625, King of Croatia and Bohemia from 1627 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1637 until his death in 1657.\nFerdinand ascended the throne at the beginning of the last decade of the Thirty Years' War and introduced lenient policies to depart from old ideas of divine rights under his father, as he had wished to end the war quickly. As the numerous battles had not resulted in sufficient military containment of the Protestant enemies and confronted with decaying imperial power Ferdinand was compelled to abandon the political stances of his Habsburg predecessors in many respects in order to open the long road towards the much delayed peace treaty. Although his authority among the princes would weaken after the war, in Bohemia, Hungary and the Austrias, however, Ferdinand's position as sovereign was uncontested.Ferdinand was the first Habsburg monarch to be recognized as a musical composer.", "Q275003": "\u00c9mile-Auguste Chartier (French: [\u0283a\u0281tje]; 3 March 1868 \u2013 2 June 1951), commonly known as Alain ([al\u025b\u0303]), was a French philosopher, journalist, and pacifist. He adopted his pseudonym in homage to the 15th-century Norman poet Alain Chartier.\n\n", "Q376278": "Julian Tuwim (September 13, 1894 \u2013 December 27, 1953), known also under the pseudonym \"Oldlen\" as a lyricist, was a Polish poet, born in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, (then part of the Russian Partition). He was educated in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a and in Warsaw where he studied law and philosophy at Warsaw University. After Poland's return to independence in 1918, Tuwim co-founded the Skamander group of experimental poets with Antoni S\u0142onimski and Jaros\u0142aw Iwaszkiewicz. He was a major figure in Polish literature, admired also for his contribution to children's literature. He was a recipient of the prestigious Golden Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature in 1935.\n\n", "Q328462": "John Wilbur Stealey Sr. is an American game developer and publisher who founded MicroProse with Sid Meier. He also founded (in 1995) and is the current CEO of iEntertainment Network .", "Q15979": "Kehl (German pronunciation: [ke\u02d0l]; Low Alemannic: Kaal) is a town in southwestern Germany in the Ortenaukreis, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. It is located on the river Rhine, directly opposite the French city of Strasbourg (with Strasbourg tramway operating in Kehl).", "Q110151": "Eike Geisel (1945 \u2013 6 August 1997) was a German journalist known in Germany and Israel for his polemical essays on German and Jewish history and on Zionism.", "Q212098": "Closer is a 2004 American romantic drama film written by Patrick Marber, based on his award-winning 1997 play of the same name. The film was produced and directed by Mike Nichols and stars Julia Roberts, Jude Law, Natalie Portman, and Clive Owen. The film, like the play on which it is based, has been seen by some as a modern and tragic version of Mozart's opera Cos\u00ec fan tutte, with references to the opera in both the plot and the soundtrack. Owen starred in the play as Dan, the role played by Law in the film.\nThe film was recognized with a number of awards and nominations, including Oscar nominations and Golden Globe wins for both Portman and Owen for their performances in supporting roles.", "Q146317": "Veszpr\u00e9m (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8v\u025bspre\u02d0m]; German: Wei\u00dfbrunn, Slovene: Belomost) is one of the oldest urban areas in Hungary, and a city with county rights. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of the Lake Balaton. It is the administrative center of the county (comitatus or 'megye') of the same name.", "Q232348": "Charlyn Marie \"Chan\" Marshall ( SHAHN; born January 21, 1972), better known by her stage name Cat Power, is an American singer-songwriter, musician, occasional actress, and model. Cat Power was originally the name of Marshall's first band, but has become her stage name as a solo artist.\nBorn in Atlanta, Marshall was raised throughout the southern United States, and began performing in local bands in Atlanta in the early 1990s. After opening for Liz Phair in 1993, she worked with Steve Shelley of Sonic Youth and Tim Foljahn of Two Dollar Guitar, with whom she recorded her first two albums, Dear Sir (1995) and Myra Lee (1996), on the same day in 1994. In 1996, she signed with Matador Records, and released a third album of new material with Shelley and Foljahn, What Would the Community Think. Following this, she released the critically acclaimed Moon Pix (1998), recorded with members of Dirty Three, and The Covers Record (2000), a collection of sparsely arranged cover songs.\nAfter a brief hiatus she released You Are Free (2003), featuring guest musicians Dave Grohl and Eddie Vedder, followed by the soul-influenced The Greatest (2006), recorded with numerous Memphis studio musicians. A second album of cover tracks, Jukebox, was released in 2008. In 2012 she released the self-produced Sun, which debuted at number 10 on the Billboard 200, the highest charting album of her career to date.Critics have noted the constant evolution of Cat Power's sound, with a mix of punk, folk and blues on her earliest albums, and elements of soul and other genres more prevalent in her later material. Sun incorporated electronica.\n\n", "Q446692": "Dumitru-Dorin Prunariu (Romanian pronunciation: [du\u02c8mitru do\u02c8rin pru\u02c8narju] (listen); born 27 September 1952) is a Romanian cosmonaut. He flew in space aboard Soyuz 40 spacecraft and Salyut 6 space laboratory. He was in team with the Russian cosmonaut Leonid Popov. The backup crew was formed by the Romanian candidate cosmonaut called Dumitru Dediu and the Russian cosmonaut Yuri Romanenko.\n\n", "Q1323040": "Hosei University (\u6cd5\u653f\u5927\u5b66, H\u014dsei daigaku) is a long-established private university based in Tokyo, Japan.\nThe university originated in a school of law, T\u014dky\u014d H\u014dgakusha (\u6771\u4eac\u6cd5\u5b66\u793e, i.e. Tokyo association of law), established in 1880, and the following year renamed T\u014dky\u014d H\u014dgakk\u014d (\u6771\u4eac\u6cd5\u5b66\u6821, i.e. Tokyo school of law). This was from 1883 headed by Dr. Gustave Boissonade, and was heavily influenced by the French legal tradition. It merged in 1889 with a school of French studies, T\u014dky\u014d Futsugakk\u014d (\u6771\u4eac\u4ecf\u5b66\u6821, i.e. Tokyo French school), that had been founded three years earlier. It adopted the name Hosei University (\u6cd5\u653f\u5927\u5b66, H\u014dsei daigaku, i.e. Tokyo university of law and politics) in 1903 and was recognized as a private university in 1920.\nOther notable figures involved in its foundation include Dr. Masaaki Tomii, and Dr. Ume Kenjir\u014d, \"Father of the Japanese Civil Code\".\nIn addition, Hosei University belongs to Tokyo Big6 Baseball League. The league is one of the most traditional college sports leagues in Japan. \nHosei University is popular for high school students. Hosei University got 2nd in the number of applicants among Japanese universities in 2017 and 2018 (122,499). Hosei University ranked 100 at Global Executives 2013 top 100 by The Times Higher Education.\nHosei has three main campuses, which it calls Ichigaya, Koganei, and Tama. The Ichigaya campus is halfway between Ichigaya and Iidabashi stations in central Tokyo; its 26-story Boissonade Tower, completed in 2000, can be seen from either station. The campus has a city flavour but is still somewhat isolated from central Tokyo; the nearby presence of Yasukuni Shrine also contributes.\nSciences are studied at the Koganei campus to the west of Tokyo, and other subjects are split between Tama (located in Machida, which is near Hachi\u014dji), and Ichigaya.", "Q169492": "Neuk\u00f6lln (formerly Rixdorf), until 1920 an independent city, is an inner-city district of Berlin in the homonymous borough (Bezirk) of Neuk\u00f6lln, including the historic village of Alt-Rixdorf and numerous Gr\u00fcnderzeit apartment blocks. With 166,714 inhabitants (2018) the Ortsteil is the most densely populated of Berlin. It was originally characterized by mostly working-class inhabitants and later a relatively high percentage of immigrants, especially of Turkish and Russian descent, but since the turn of the millennium an influx of students, creatives, and western immigrants has led to gentrification.", "Q263107": "Judenburg is a historic town in Styria, Austria.\nIt is the administrative centre of the Murtal district, which was created on 1 January 2012 from the former Judenburg District and former Knittelfeld District. Until 31 December 2011, it was the capital of the Judenburg District.\nOn 1 January 2015, the adjoining municipalities of Oberweg and Reifling were merged into Judenburg.", "Q117158": "Silvia Schenker (born January 17, 1954 in Aarau, the capital of the canton of Aargau, Switzerland) is a Swiss politician.\nShe joined the National Council of Switzerland (the lower house of the federal assembly) in 2003. Schenker is a member of the Commission for Social Security and Health (CSSS). As part of the Swiss Socialist Party she is vice-president and member of the steering committee. \nNow a national advisor, she lives in B\u00e2le.", "Q88696": "Dr. Edit Schlaffer (born 25 September 1950 in Stegersbach, Burgenland, Austria), is a social scientist and the founder of Women without Borders, based in Vienna, Austria. Her international efforts focus on grassroots, community-based female diplomacy, namely empowering women as agents of change and a critical driving force in stabilizing an insecure world.She and Cheryl Benard contributed the piece \"Benevolent despotism versus the contemporary feminist movement\" to the 1984 anthology Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology, edited by Robin Morgan.", "Q273314": "Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci ( may-OO-chee, Italian: [an\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0njo me\u02c8utt\u0283i]; 13 April 1808 \u2013 18 October 1889) was an Italian inventor and an associate of Giuseppe Garibaldi, a major political figure in the history of Italy. Meucci is best known for developing a voice-communication apparatus that several sources credit as the first telephone.Meucci set up a form of voice-communication link in his Staten Island, New York, home that connected the second-floor bedroom to his laboratory. He submitted a patent caveat for his telephonic device to the U.S. Patent Office in 1871, but there was no mention of electromagnetic transmission of vocal sound in his caveat. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for the electromagnetic transmission of vocal sound by undulatory electric current. Despite the longstanding general crediting of Bell with the accomplishment, the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities supported celebrations of Meucci's 200th birthday in 2008 using the title \"Inventore del telefono\" (Inventor of the telephone). The U.S. House of Representatives also honored Meucci in a resolution in 2002 for having had some role in the development of the telephone, although the U.S. Senate did not join the resolution and the interpretation of the resolution is disputed.", "Q985536": "Skokie (; formerly Niles Center) is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, neighboring the City of Chicago's northern border. Skokie lies approximately 15 miles north of Chicago's downtown loop. Its name comes from a Potawatomi word for \"marsh.\" For many years Skokie promoted itself as \"The World's Largest Village.\" Its population, according to the 2010 census, was 64,784. Skokie's streets, like that of many suburbs, are largely a continuation of the Chicago street grid, and the village is served by the Chicago Transit Authority, further cementing its connection to the city.\nSkokie was originally a German-Luxembourger farming community, but was later settled by a sizeable Jewish population, especially after World War II. At its peak in the mid-1960s, 58% of the population was Jewish, the largest percentage of any Chicago suburb. At nearly 30%, Skokie still has a large Jewish population and an active Chabad. It is home to the Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center, which opened in northwest Skokie in 2009.\nSkokie has received national attention twice for court cases decided by the United States Supreme Court. In the mid-1970s, it was at the center of National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie, in which a neo-Nazi group, backed by the American Civil Liberties Union, invoked the First Amendment in an attempt to schedule a neo-Nazi rally in Skokie. At the time, Skokie had a significant population of Holocaust survivors. Skokie ultimately lost that case, though the rally was never held. In 2001, although Skokie was not a direct party to the case, a decision by the village regarding land use led the court to reduce the power of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.\n\n", "Q98485": "Thomas Sch\u00e4fer (German: [\u02c8to\u02d0mas \u02c8\u0283\u025b\u02d0f\u0250]; 22 February 1966 \u2013 28 March 2020) was a German lawyer and politician for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU). He was Minister of Finance of Hesse between 2010 and 2020.", "Q159551": "Isaac Ignaz Moscheles (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ig.nats \u02c8m\u0254.\u0283\u025b.l\u025bs]) (23 May 1794 \u2013 10 March 1870) was a Bohemian composer and piano virtuoso, whose career after his early years was based initially in London, and later at Leipzig, where he joined his friend and sometime pupil Felix Mendelssohn as Professor of Piano at the Conservatoire.", "Q75733": "Gisbert Haefs (born 9 January 1950) is a German writer in several genres and translator. He has written historical novels such as Alexander won both the Deutscher Science Fiction Preis and Kurd-La\u00dfwitz-Preis in science fiction and placed at the Deutscher Krimi Preis for crime fiction. As a translator he worked on a much criticized effort at translating works of Jorge Luis Borges into German.", "Q471980": "The lyc\u00e9e Saint-Louis is a post-secondary school located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, in the Latin Quarter. It is the only public French lyc\u00e9e exclusively dedicated to classes pr\u00e9paratoires aux grandes \u00e9coles (CPGE, the preparatory classes for the Grandes \u00c9coles such as Ecole Polytechnique, CentraleSupelec, ESSEC Business School or HEC Paris). It is known for the quality of its teaching and the results it achieves in their intensely competitive entrance examinations (concours).", "Q16144824": "Roy Dana Call (February 16, 1950 \u2013 February 27, 2020) was an American film and television actor. He appeared in several films including 48 Hrs. (1982), Brewster's Millions (1985), At Close Range (1986), No Man's Land (1987), Colors (1988), Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Young Guns II (1990), State of Grace (1990), Waterworld (1995), Murder by Numbers (2002), Babel (2006), and Into the Wild (2007).", "Q65520": "Daniela Schadt (born 3 January 1960 in Hanau, West Germany) is a German journalist, and, since 2000, the domestic partner of Joachim Gauck, former President of Germany, who has been legally married since 1959 to Gerhild Radtke. She has sometimes been referred to by the media as \"First Lady\".", "Q441843": "Luigi Illica (9 May 1857 \u2013 16 December 1919) was an Italian librettist who wrote for Giacomo Puccini (usually with Giuseppe Giacosa), Pietro Mascagni, Alfredo Catalani, Umberto Giordano, Baron Alberto Franchetti and other important Italian composers. His most famous opera libretti are those for La Boh\u00e8me, Tosca, Madama Butterfly and Andrea Ch\u00e9nier.\nIllica was born at Castell'Arquato. His personal life sometimes imitated his libretti. The reason he is always photographed with his head slightly turned is because he lost his right ear in a duel over a woman. When silent films based on Illica's operas were made, his name appeared in large letters on advertisements because distributors could only guarantee that his stories would be used, and not that they would be accompanied by the music of the appropriate composer.\nAs a playwright of considerable quality, he is today remembered through one of Italy's oldest awards, the Luigi Illica International Prize founded in 1961, which goes to world famous opera singers, opera conductors, directors and authors. \nThe Award is now awarded every two years and alternates with the Illica Opera Stage International Competition, which offers prizes and debut opportunities to young singers.", "Q4772140": "Sigrid Svendsdatter (died after 1066) was a Danish princess, the illegitimate daughter of King Sweyn II of Denmark.\nShe married Obotrite Prince Gottschalk (died 1066), who was in service of Canute the Great since 1029, and who was assisted by her father in regaining his father's principality. It is likely that they married in connection to this. She became the mother of Henrik Gottskalks\u00f8n. In 1066, her spouse was deposed in a rebellion. Sigrid and her female servants were captured in Mecklenburg, after which she was, according to traditional reports, \"whipped\" out of the country. Her life after 1066 is not documented. In 1100, she was surely dead, as her son laid claim to her inherited lands in Denmark.", "Q450796": "Robin Morgan (born January 29, 1941) is an American poet, author, political theorist and activist, journalist, lecturer, and former child actor. Since the early 1960s she has been a key radical feminist member of the American Women's Movement, and a leader in the international feminist movement. Her 1970 anthology Sisterhood is Powerful has been widely credited with helping to start the contemporary feminist movement in the US, and was cited by the New York Public Library as \"One of the 100 Most Influential Books of the 20th Century.\" She has written more than 20 books of poetry, fiction, and nonfiction, and is also known as the editor of Ms. magazine.During the 1960s, she participated in the civil rights and anti-Vietnam War movements; in the late 1960s she was a founding member of radical feminist organizations such as New York Radical Women and W.I.T.C.H. She founded or co-founded the Feminist Women's Health Network, the National Battered Women's Refuge Network, Media Women, the National Network of Rape Crisis Centers, the Feminist Writers' Guild, the Women's Foreign Policy Council, the National Museum of Women in the Arts, the Sisterhood Is Global Institute, GlobalSister.org, and Greenstone Women's Radio Network. She also co-founded the Women's Media Center with activist Gloria Steinem and actor/activist Jane Fonda. In 2018, she was listed as one of BBC's 100 Women.", "Q3248932": "Richard Winyu Tsien (born 3 March 1945), is a Chinese-born American electrical engineer and neurobiologist. He is the Druckenmiller Professor of Neuroscience, Chair of the Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, and Director of the NYU Neuroscience Institute at New York University Medical Center, and also an emeritus faculty member of Stanford University School of Medicine.", "Q337224": "Academia Brasileira de Letras (ABL) (Portuguese pronunciation: [akade\u02c8mi\u0250 b\u027eazi\u02c8lej\u027e\u0250 d\u0292i \u02c8let\u027e\u0250s] (listen) English: Brazilian Academy of Letters) is a Brazilian literary non-profit society established at the end of the 19th century by a group of 40 writers and poets inspired by the Acad\u00e9mie Fran\u00e7aise. The first president, Machado de Assis, declared its foundation on December 15, 1896, with the by-laws being passed on January 28, 1897. On July 20 of the same year, the academy started its operation.\nAccording to its statutes, the Brazilian Academy of Letters is charged with the care of the \"national language\" of Brazil (the Portuguese language) and with the promotion of Brazilian literary arts. The academy is considered the foremost institution devoted to the Portuguese language in Brazil. Its prestige and technical qualification gives it paramount authority in Brazilian Portuguese, even though it's not a public institution and no law grants it oversight over the language. The academy's main publication in this field is the Orthographic Vocabulary of the Portuguese Language (Vocabul\u00e1rio Ortogr\u00e1fico da L\u00edngua Portuguesa) which has five editions. The Vocabulary is prepared by the academy's Commission on Lexicology and Lexicography. If a word is not included in the Vocabulary, it is considered not to exist as a correct word in Brazilian Portuguese.\nSince its beginning and to this day, the academy is composed of 40 members, known as the \"immortals\". These members are chosen from among citizens of Brazil who have published works or books with recognized literary value. The position of \"immortal\" is awarded for the lifetime. New members are admitted by a vote of the academy members when one of the \"chairs\" become vacant. The chairs are numbered and each has a Patron: the Patrons are 40 great Brazilian writers that were already dead when the academy was founded; the names of the Patrons were chosen by the Founders as to honour them post mortem by assigning patronage over a chair. Thus, each chair is associated with its current holder, her or his predecessor, the original Founder who occupied it in the first place, and also with a Patron.\nThe academicians use formal gala gilded uniforms with a sword (the uniform is called \"fard\u00e3o\") when participating in official meetings at the academy.", "Q51685": "Tempe ( tem-PEE; Oidba\u1e0d in O'odham), is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, with the Census Bureau reporting a 2018 population of 192,364. The city is named after the Vale of Tempe in Greece. Tempe is located in the East Valley section of metropolitan Phoenix; it is bordered by Phoenix and Guadalupe on the west, Scottsdale and the Salt River Pima\u2013Maricopa Indian Community on the north, Chandler on the south, and Mesa on the east. Tempe is also the location of the main campus of Arizona State University.", "Q323251": "Aubelin Jolicoeur (April 30, 1924 \u2013 February 14, 2005) was a Haitian journalist and columnist who frequented Haiti's Hotel Oloffson for 40 years.", "Q238665": "Lino Capolicchio (born 21 August 1943) is an Italian actor, screenwriter, and film director. He won a special David di Donatello acting award for his role in Vittorio de Sica's 1970 film, The Garden of the Finzi-Continis.Capolicchio was a well-known television actor before breaking into film with an uncredited role in Franco Zeffirelli's The Taming of the Shrew in 1967. He has appeared in over seventy films and television dramas. In 1995 he wrote and directed Pugili, an award-winning film about the world of boxing.For three seasons, Lino Capolicchio provided the voice for Bo Duke in the Italian broadcasts of The Dukes of Hazzard.", "Q2522455": "Victor Leydet (1845-1908) was a French businessman, politician and novelist. He served as a member of the Senate of France from 1897 to 1908.", "Q19825": "Cecil John Rhodes (5 July 1853 \u2013 26 March 1902) was a British businessman, Financial statesman, Empire builder, mining magnate and politician in southern Africa who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896. An ardent believer in British imperialism, Rhodes and his British South Africa Company founded the southern African territory of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe and Zambia), which the company named after him in 1895. South Africa's Rhodes University is also named after him. Rhodes set up the provisions of the Rhodes Scholarship, which is funded by his estate. He also put much effort towards his vision of a Cape to Cairo Railway through British territory.The son of a vicar, Rhodes was born at Netteswell House, Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire. Growing up in Hertfordshire, he was a sickly child. He was sent to South Africa by his family when he was 17 years old in the hope that the climate might improve his health. He entered the diamond trade at Kimberley in 1871, when he was 18, and over the next two decades gained near-complete domination of the world diamond market. His De Beers diamond company, formed in 1888, retains its prominence into the 21st century. Rhodes entered the Cape Parliament at the age of 27 in 1880, and a decade later became Prime Minister. After overseeing the formation of Rhodesia during the early 1890s, he was forced to resign as Prime Minister in 1896 after the disastrous Jameson Raid, an unauthorised attack on Paul Kruger's South African Republic (or Transvaal).\nOne of Rhodes's primary motivations in politics and business was his professed belief that the Anglo-Saxon race was, to quote his will, \"the first race in the world\". Under the reasoning that \"the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the human race\", he advocated vigorous settler colonialism and ultimately a reformation of the British Empire so that each component would be self-governing and represented in a single parliament in London. Ambitions such as these, juxtaposed with his policies regarding indigenous Africans in the Cape Colony\u2014describing the country's native black population as largely \"in a state of barbarism\", he advocated their governance as a \"subject race\", and was at the centre of actions to marginalise them politically\u2014have led recent critics to characterise him as a white supremacist and \"an architect of apartheid\".Historian Richard A. McFarlane has described Rhodes \"as integral a participant in southern African and British imperial history as George Washington or Abraham Lincoln are in their respective eras in United States history.\" After Rhodes's death in 1902, at the age of 48, he was buried in the Matopos Hills in what is now Zimbabwe.", "Q313392": "James David Van Der Beek (born March 8, 1977) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of Dawson Leery in the WB series Dawson's Creek. He played a fictionalized version of himself on the cult ABC sitcom Don't Trust the B---- in Apartment 23, starred in CSI: Cyber as FBI Special Agent Elijah Mundo, and as Matt Bromley on the FX drama Pose. His film roles include Varsity Blues (1999) and The Rules of Attraction (2002).", "Q991543": "Theodore Bruce Bawer (born October 31, 1956) is an American writer who has been a resident of Norway since 1999. He is a literary, film, and cultural critic and a novelist and poet, who has also written about gay rights, Christianity, and Islam.\nBawer's writings on literature, gay issues and Islam have all been highly controversial. While championing such authors as William Keepers Maxwell Jr., Flannery O'Connor, and Guy Davenport, he has criticized such authors as Norman Mailer and E. L. Doctorow. A member of the New Formalists, a group of poets who promoted the use of traditional forms, he has assailed such poets as Allen Ginsberg for what he views as their lack of polish and technique.\nBawer was one of the first gay activists to seriously propose same-sex marriage, especially in his book A Place at the Table (1993). While Europe Slept (2006) was one of the first to skeptically examine the rise of Islam in the Western world. \nAlthough he has frequently been described as a conservative, Bawer has often protested that such labels are misleading or meaningless. He has explained his views as follows: \"Read A Place at the Table and Stealing Jesus and While Europe Slept and Surrender one after the other and you will see that all four books are motivated by a dedication to individual identity and individual freedom and an opposition to groupthink, oppression, tyranny.\"\n\n", "Q2204805": "Pierre Rainier Stefano Casiraghi (born 5 September 1987) is the younger son and youngest of three children of Caroline, Princess of Hanover, and her second husband, Stefano Casiraghi. His maternal grandparents were Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and American actress Grace Kelly. Casiraghi is eighth in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne, following his twin cousins Hereditary Prince Jacques and Princess Gabriella, his mother, his brother Andrea, nephews Alexandre and Maximilian Casiraghi and niece India Casiraghi.", "Q612509": "Ernesto Rossi (August 25, 1897 \u2013 February 9, 1967) was an Italian politician, journalist and anti-fascist activist. His ideas contributed to the Partito d'Azione, and subsequently the Partito Radicale. He was co-author of the Ventotene Manifesto.\nRossi was born in Caserta. Not yet nineteen years old, he voluntarily enlisted and fought in World War I. After the war, moved by opposition to the socialists' attitude of hostility towards war veterans and their sacrifices and by contempt of the incapable political class of bounding idealists, he approached the nationalists of the People of Italy (directed by Benito Mussolini), a newspaper with which he collaborated from 1919 to 1922.\nDuring that time, however, he met Gaetano Salvemini, with whom he formed a long-lasting bond of respect and friendship, and he moved definitively and radically further from the positions they were bringing to the fascist ideology.\nHe died in Rome in 1967.", "Q219640": "Vincent Leonard Price Jr. (May 27, 1911 \u2013 October 25, 1993) was an American actor best known for his performances in horror films, although his career spanned other genres, including film noir, drama, mystery, thriller, and comedy. He appeared on stage, television, and radio, and in more than 100 films. He has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for motion pictures and one for television. He was born and raised near St. Louis, Missouri and has a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame.\nHe was an art collector and arts consultant with a degree in art history, and he lectured and wrote books on the subject. The Vincent Price Art Museum at East Los Angeles College is named in his honor. He was also a noted gourmet cook.", "Q227976": "Pope John X (Latin: Ioannes X; died 28 May 928) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from March 914 to his death. A candidate of the counts of Tusculum, he attempted to unify Italy under the leadership of Berengar of Friuli, and was instrumental in the defeat of the Saracens at the Battle of Garigliano. He eventually fell out with Marozia, who had him deposed, imprisoned, and finally murdered. John\u2019s pontificate occurred during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum.", "Q4774": "Andr\u00e1s F\u00e1y (Slovak: Andrej F\u00e1y; 30 May 1786 \u2013 26 July 1864) was a Hungarian author, lawyer, politician and businessman.\n\n", "Q261923": "Get Shorty is a 1995 American gangster crime thriller-comedy film based on Elmore Leonard's novel of the same name. The film is directed by Barry Sonnenfeld and stars John Travolta, Gene Hackman, Rene Russo, and Danny DeVito.\nA sequel, titled Be Cool, was released in 2005.\n\n", "Q284011": "John Philip Jacob Elkann (born 1 April 1976) is an American-Italian industrialist. In 2008, he was the chosen heir of his grandfather Gianni Agnelli, and chairs and controls the automaker Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. He is the chairman and CEO of Exor, the holding company controlled by the Agnelli family, which also owns Partner Re and holds a controlling stake in Ferrari, CNH Industrial and Juventus F.C. In July 2018 he was appointed as chairman of Ferrari after Sergio Marchionne had to leave due to health issues.", "Q455605": "Al Kooper (born Alan Peter Kuperschmidt, February 5, 1944) is an American songwriter, record producer and musician, known for organizing Blood, Sweat & Tears, although he did not stay with the group long enough to share its popularity. Throughout much of the 1960s and 1970s, he was a prolific studio musician, playing organ on the Bob Dylan song \"Like A Rolling Stone\", French horn on the Rolling Stones song \"You Can't Always Get What You Want\", and lead guitar on Rita Coolidge's \"The Lady's Not for Sale\", among many other appearances. He also produced a number of one-off collaboration albums, such as the Super Session album that brought together guitarists Mike Bloomfield and Stephen Stills. In the 1970s he was a successful manager and producer, notably recording Lynyrd Skynyrd's first three albums. He has also had a successful solo career, written music for film soundtracks, and has lectured in musical composition. He continues to perform live.", "Q145193": "Zalmay Mamozy Khalilzad (Pashto/Dari: \u0632\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062f Zalmay Khal\u012blz\u0101d; born March 22, 1951) is an Afghan-American diplomat, who has served as the Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation at the State Department since September 2018. Previously, he served as a counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and the president of Gryphon Partners and Khalilzad Associates, an international business consulting firm, based in Washington, D.C. \nHe was the United States Ambassador to the United Nations under President George W. Bush and, briefly, President Barack Obama. Khalilzad's previous assignments in the Bush administration included Ambassador to Afghanistan from 2003 to 2005 and Ambassador to Iraq from 2005 to 2007. In 2017, he was considered for Secretary of State in the Trump administration.On September 5, 2018, Khalilzad was appointed by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo to serve as a special envoy to Afghanistan.", "Q123216": "\u00c1gota Krist\u00f3f (Hungarian: Krist\u00f3f \u00c1gota; October 30, 1935 \u2013 July 27, 2011) was a Hungarian writer who lived in Switzerland and wrote in French. Kristof received the European prize for French literature for The Notebook (1986). She won the 2001 Gottfried Keller Award in Switzerland and the Austrian State Prize for European Literature in 2008.", "Q19616": "RAI \u2013 Radiotelevisione italiana (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8rai \u02ccradjotelevi\u02c8zjo\u02d0ne ita\u02c8lja\u02d0na]; commercially styled as Rai since 2000; known until 1954 as Radio Audizioni Italiane) is the national public broadcasting company of Italy, owned by the Ministry of Economy and Finance.\nRAI operates many terrestrial and subscription television channels and radio stations. It is one of the biggest broadcasters in Italy competing with Mediaset, and other minor radio and television networks. RAI has a relatively high television audience share of 35.9%.RAI broadcasts are also received in neighbouring countries, including Albania, Bosnia, Croatia, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, San Marino, Slovenia, Vatican City, Switzerland, and Tunisia, and elsewhere on pay television. Half of RAI's revenues come from broadcast receiving licence fees, the remainder from the sale of advertising time. In 1950, RAI became one of the 23 founding members of the European Broadcasting Union.", "Q85359": "Reinhard Rack (born 7 August 1945 in Leoben, Styria) is an Austrian politician and a former Member of the European Parliament (1995\u20132009). He is a member of the Austrian People's Party, which is part of the European People's Party, and was sitting on the European Parliament's Committee on Transport and Tourism.\nHe was also a substitute for the Committee on Constitutional Affairs, a member of the delegation for relations with Australia and New Zealand, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with Japan.", "Q49021": "Message in a Bottle is a 1999 American romantic drama film directed by Luis Mandoki and based on Nicholas Sparks' 1998 novel of the same name. It stars Kevin Costner, Robin Wright (under her married name Robin Wright Penn) and Paul Newman, and was filmed in Maine, Chicago and Wilmington, North Carolina. The film was released on February 12, 1999 by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film was panned by the critics but was a moderate box office hit grossing $118 million against an $80 million budget.", "Q443067": "Meaghan Rath (born June 18, 1986) is a Canadian film and television actress. She is known for her television roles on Being Human, 15/Love, The Assistants, and Hawaii Five-0.\n\n", "Q4707534": "Alan Butterworth Plaunt (March 25, 1904 - September 12, 1941) was a Canadian broadcasting pioneer, journalist and activist. \nThe son of a wealthy lumber family, Plaunt attended the University of Toronto and University of Oxford and was a keen observer of the fledgling British Broadcasting Corporation while in Britain becoming a believer in John Reith's approach to public broadcasting.With Graham Spry, he founded the Canadian Radio League in 1930 to mobilize political support for the creation of a public broadcasting system, first in the form of the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission in 1932 and then with the creation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in 1936. Plaunt sat on the original CBC Board of Governors from 1936 until 1941, when he resigned to protest what he saw as increasing government direction of the CBC during the war.He was also an active socialist as a member of the League for Social Reconstruction and helped write the Regina Manifesto which was the original program of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation.Plaunt founded the New Canada Movement in 1933, an agrarian youth movement that advocated a \"new deal\" for farmers and promoted its views in the Farmer's Sun, (renamed New Commonwealth) the former journal of the United Farmers movement which he and Spry owned from 1932 until 1935.In the last years of his life, Plaunt helped organize the Neutrality League, a pacifist organization that opposed Canadian participation in the looming conflict in Europe.He died of cancer at the age of 37.", "Q82436": "Felix J. Grucci Jr. (born November 25, 1951) is a former United States Representative from East Patchogue, New York. He was elected as a Republican to the 107th United States Congress and served from 2001 until 2003.", "Q587031": "Dominic James Howard (born 7 December 1977) is an English musician, best known as the drummer, percussionist and co-producer for the rock band Muse.", "Q650909": "Evgeny Nikolayevich Chirikov (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0438\u0301\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432), 5 August 1864 \u2013 18 January 1932, was a Russian novelist, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, and publicist.", "Q131612": "Wiener Neustadt (German pronunciation: [\u02c8vi\u02d0n\u0250 \u02c8n\u0254\u028f\u032f\u0283tat]) is a city located south of Vienna, in the state of Lower Austria, in north-east Austria. It is a self-governed city and the seat of the district administration of Wiener Neustadt-Land District. The city is the site of one of the world's oldest military academies, the Theresian Military Academy, which was established by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria in 1752 to train officers for the Austrian army.", "Q6163": "The Unna (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u028ana]) district is a Kreis (district) in central North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring authorities are the district of Coesfeld, the city of Hamm, the districts of Soest and M\u00e4rkischer Kreis, the cities of Hagen and Dortmund, and the district of Recklinghausen.", "Q2964710": "Christopher James Evans (born 1 April 1966) is an English television presenter, radio DJ, businessman, voice actor and producer for radio and television. He started his broadcasting career working for Piccadilly Radio, Manchester, as a teenager, before moving to London as a presenter for the BBC's Greater London Radio and then Channel 4 television, where The Big Breakfast made him a star. Soon he was able to dictate highly favourable terms, allowing him to broadcast on competing radio and TV stations. Slots like the Radio 1 Breakfast Show and TFI Friday provided a mix of celebrity interviews, music and comic games, delivered in an irreverent style that attracted high ratings, though often also generated significant numbers of complaints. By 2000 he was the UK's highest paid entertainer, according to the Sunday Times Rich List. In the tax year to April 2017, he was the BBC's highest-paid presenter, earning between \u00a32.2m and \u00a32.25m annually.\nIn 2005, he started a new career on BBC Radio 2, hosting his long-running Drivetime programme, before moving in 2010 to host The Chris Evans Breakfast Show every weekday morning. He previously presented The One Show on Fridays between 2010 and 2015. Between 2011 and 2018, he co-hosted Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park.\nIn 2015, Evans signed a three-year deal to lead a new Top Gear line-up. and presented a revival series of TFI Friday. On 4 July 2016, he announced that he would be stepping down as presenter of Top Gear.On 3 September 2018, he announced that he would be leaving his BBC Radio 2 Breakfast Show on Christmas Eve, and would be returning to Virgin Radio UK to present its breakfast show. He moved from BBC Radio 2 with most of his regular team.", "Q431397": "Maxwell Perry Cotton (born May 7, 2000) is an American actor who portrayed Cooper Whedon in the television series Brothers & Sisters.\n\n", "Q4948174": "The Boston University College of Fine Arts (CFA) at Boston University consists of the School of Music, the School of Theatre, and the School of Visual Arts. Each school offers degrees in the performing and visual arts at the undergraduate and graduate level. Among the College of Fine Arts faculty are artists, scholars, and performers. Since the College of Fine Arts is integrated into Boston University, students at CFA may choose courses in the other undergraduate colleges at Boston University. CFA students can also apply for the Boston University Collaborative Degree Program (BUCOP), where students simultaneously earn undergraduate degrees at CFA and in one of 14 undergraduate colleges of the university. The college offers a study abroad program in London, England, and Dresden, Germany. Students can spend a semester at the Royal College of Music, the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, or at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik \"Carl Maria von Weber\".Admission to the College of Fine Arts requires a live or pre-recorded audition for music and theatrical performance majors and a submission of a portfolio for visual arts and technical theatre majors.", "Q554269": "Joel Chandler Harris (December 9, 1848 \u2013 July 3, 1908) was an American journalist, fiction writer, and folklorist best known for his collection of Uncle Remus stories and defense of slavery. Harris was born in Eatonton, Georgia, where he served as an apprentice on a plantation during his teenage years. He spent most of his adult life in Atlanta working as an associate editor at the Atlanta Constitution.\nHarris led two professional lives: as the editor and journalist known as Joe Harris, he supported a vision of the New South with the editor Henry W. Grady (1880\u20131889), stressing regional and racial reconciliation after the Reconstruction era. As Joel Chandler Harris, fiction writer and folklorist, he wrote many 'Brer Rabbit' stories from the African-American oral tradition and helped to revolutionize literature in the process.", "Q90032": "Gideon Brecher (January 12, 1797 \u2013 May 14, 1873), also known as Gedaliah ben Eliezer, was an Austrian physician and writer.\nBrecher was the uncle, by marriage, to Austrian bibliographer and Orientalist Moritz Steinschneider.\nBrecher was born in Prossnitz, Moravia. He was the first Jew of Prossnitz to study medicine or any other professional field. Brecher received his Master of Surgery and Obstetrics in Budapest in 1824. He received his Medical Doctor's or MD degree the University of Erlangen in 1849. His thesis was Das Transcendentale, Magie und Magische Heilarten im Talmud, (Vienna, 1850).\nBrecher's fame in Jewish literature rests principally on this work and upon his lucid commentary on the \"Cuzari\" of Judah ha-Levi, which appeared with the text in four parts (Prague, 1838\u20131840). Brecher's correspondence with Samuel David Luzzato about this commentary was also published.In addition to many contributions to scientific and literary periodicals and collections, and some important \"Gutachten\" (expert opinions) on social and religious questions submitted to him by imperial and local government officials, Brecher is the author of a monograph on circumcision, Die Beschneidung der Israeliten, etc., (Vienna, 1845), with an introduction by R. Hirsch Fassel of Prossnitz, and an appendix on Circumcision Among the Semitic Nations, by Moritz Steinschneider. Brecher also wrote Die Unsterblichkeitslehre des Israelitischen Volkes, Vienna, 1857, of which a French translation appeared in the same year by Isidore Cahen; and Eleh ha-Ketubim be-Shemot, a concordance of Biblical proper names, part of which was revised and published after his death by his son Adolph Brecher.", "Q930400": "Denis Jeambar (born 1948 in Valr\u00e9as) is a French journalist.", "Q118280": "Georg Philipp Schmidt von L\u00fcbeck (January 1, 1766 \u2013 October 28, 1849) was a German poet.\nHe was born in L\u00fcbeck as member of a merchant family with long tradition. He studied law in Jena and G\u00f6ttingen 1786 to 1790, then he changed to theology and in the end to medicine. In Jena he made friends with the writers Sophie Mereau and Johann Gottfried Herder. After some journeys through Germany he worked as civil servant for the Danish government until 1829.\nHis most famous poem is Der Wanderer. It was set to music by Franz Schubert.", "Q75900": "Stefan Quandt (born 9 May 1966) is a German billionaire heir, engineer and industrialist.", "Q233903": "Meguro (\u76ee\u9ed2\u533a, Meguro-ku) is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. The English translation of its Japanese self-designation is Meguro City. The ward was founded on March 15, 1947.\nMeguro is predominantly residential in character, but is also home to light industry, corporate head offices, the Komaba campus of University of Tokyo as well as fifteen foreign embassies and consulates. Residential neighborhoods include, Jiyugaoka, Kakinokizaka, and Nakameguro. As of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 277,171 and a population density of 18,890 persons per km2. The total area is 14.67 km2.\nMeguro is also used to refer to the area around Meguro Station, which is not located in Meguro ward, but in neighboring Shinagawa's Kami\u014dsaki district.", "Q176559": "PT 109 is a 1963 American Technicolor biographical war film, filmed in Panavision, which depicts the actions of John F. Kennedy (JFK) as an officer of the United States Navy in command of Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 in the Pacific theater of World War II. The film was adapted by Vincent Flaherty and Howard Sheehan from the book PT 109: John F. Kennedy in World War II by Robert J. Donovan, and the screenplay was written by Richard L. Breen. Cliff Robertson stars as Kennedy, with featured performances by Ty Hardin, James Gregory, Robert Culp, and Grant Williams.\nPT 109 was the first commercial theatrical film about a sitting United States President released while he was still in office. It was released in the United States on June 19, 1963, five months before Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas.", "Q128343": "Lieutenant-Colonel Lord William Charles Augustus Cavendish-Bentinck (20 May 1780 \u2013 28 April 1826), known as Lord Charles Bentinck, was a British soldier and politician and a great-great-grandfather of Queen Elizabeth II.", "Q394570": "Agnes Elisabet Hilden Kittelsen (born 20 May 1980 in Kristiansand) is a Norwegian actress.", "Q660612": "The Lugano District (Italian: Distretto di Lugano also called Luganese) is a district of Canton of Ticino, southern Switzerland. The capital is the city of Lugano.\nIt has a population of 151,592 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q2219101": "Samurai Girl is a six-hour mini-series loosely based on the popular young-adult novel series by Carrie Asai. The event stars Jamie Chung, Brendan Fehr, and Stacy Keibler. The series began its three-day premiere on ABC Family on September 5, 2008.", "Q72909": "They Live is a 1988 American science-fiction action horror film written and directed by John Carpenter, based on the 1963 short story \"Eight O'Clock in the Morning\" by Ray Nelson, and starring Roddy Piper, Keith David, and Meg Foster. It follows an unnamed drifter who discovers through special sunglasses that the ruling class are aliens concealing their appearance and manipulating people to spend money, breed, and accept the status quo with subliminal messages in mass media.\nThe film was a minor success at the time of its release, debuting #1 at the North American box office. It originally received negative reviews criticizing its social commentary, writing and acting. However, like other films of Carpenter, it later enjoyed a cult following and eventually became recognized as a largely underrated work. The film has also entered popular culture, and notably had a lasting impact on street art (particularly that of Shepard Fairey), while its near six-minute alley brawl between the protagonists makes appearances on all-time lists for best fight scenes.", "Q685846": "Th\u00e9odore Turrettini (1845\u20131916) was a Swiss engineer and politician.\n\n", "Q25689": "Francis Russell, 7th Duke of Bedford (13 May 1788 \u2013 14 May 1861), styled Marquess of Tavistock from 1802 to 1839, was a British peer and Whig politician.\n\n", "Q532852": "Piero Gobetti (Italian: [\u02c8pj\u025b\u02d0ro \u0261o\u02c8betti]; June 19, 1901, Turin \u2013 February 15, 1926, Neuilly-sur-Seine) was an Italian journalist, intellectual and radical liberal and anti-fascist. He was an exceptionally active campaigner and critic in the crisis years in Italy after the First World War and into the early years of Fascist rule.", "Q361937": "Anna Magdalena (Chinese: \u5b89\u5a1c\u746a\u5fb7\u84ee\u5a1c) is a 1998 Hong Kong romantic fantasy comedy film starring Aaron Kwok, Kelly Chen and Takeshi Kaneshiro. It was the directorial debut of production designer Yee Chung-Man.", "Q319654": "LaGuardia Airport (IATA: LGA, ICAO: KLGA, FAA LID: LGA) is an airport in Queens, New York. The airport is the third busiest airport serving New York City, and the twentieth busiest in the United States. LaGuardia Airport covers 680 acres (280 ha).In 2016, LaGuardia Airport had a strong growth in passenger traffic; about 29.8 million passengers used the airport, a 14.2 percent increase from the previous year. LGA is a hub for American Airlines and Delta Air Lines. A perimeter rule prohibits nonstop flights to or from points beyond 1,500 miles (2,400 km), but exceptions to the perimeter rule are flights on Saturdays and flights to Denver. International flights without border preclearance must use the nearby JFK or Newark airports, as there is no border control facility at the airport.Glenn H. Curtiss Airport (named after aviation pioneer Glenn Hammond Curtiss), later renamed North Beach Airport, was the earlier airport at this location. The name was changed after New York City's takeover and reconstruction to New York Municipal Airport\u2013LaGuardia Field, and in 1953 became \"LaGuardia Airport\", named for Fiorello La Guardia, the mayor of New York City when the airport was built.\nLaGuardia has been extensively criticized for its outdated facilities, lack of cleanliness, cramped building design, and poor customer service, among other problems. The airport has been ranked in numerous customer surveys as the worst in the United States. Among pilots, it is referred to as \"USS LaGuardia\", because the runways are short and surrounded by water, thus giving the feel of landing on an aircraft carrier. On July 27, 2015, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced a reconstruction plan that would completely replace the existing airport. The reconstruction project broke ground in 2016 and is scheduled to be complete by 2021.", "Q976333": "Paul Kuusberg (30 April 1916 \u2013 21 January 2003) was an Estonian writer. Novellas by him include \u201cRoostetanud kastekann\u201d (1971) and \u201cV\u00f5\u00f5ras v\u00f5i \u00f5ige mees\u201d (1978), which won an award in Estonia.", "Q392667": "Wake Forest University is a private research university in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Founded in 1834, the university received its name from its original location in Wake Forest, north of Raleigh, North Carolina. The Reynolda Campus, the university's main campus, has been located north of downtown Winston-Salem since the university moved there in 1956. The Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center campus has two locations, the older one located near the Ardmore neighborhood in central Winston-Salem, and the newer campus at Wake Forest Innovation Quarter downtown. The university also occupies lab space at Biotech Plaza at Innovation Quarter, and at the Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials. The university's Graduate School of Management maintains a presence on the main campus in Winston-Salem and in Charlotte, North Carolina. \nWFU's undergraduate and graduate colleges & schools include: Wake Forest University School of Law, Wake Forest University School of Divinity, Wake Forest University School of Business, Wake Forest Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and Wake Forest University School of Medicine. Wake Forest students can participate in over 250 student clubs and organizations including fraternities and sororities, intramural sports, a student newspaper and a radio station. For 2020, Wake Forest is ranked as the 27th best university in the United States, 23rd for \"Undergraduate Teaching\", and 25th for \"Best Value\" by U.S. News & World Report. Wake Forest is designated \"R-2: Doctoral Universities \u2013 High Research Activity\" with the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education in 2019 update.Wake Forest alumni include 15 Rhodes Scholars, including 13 since 1986, four Marshall Scholars, 15 Truman Scholars and 92 Fulbright recipients since 1993. WFU is a top 5 major employer in Forsyth County in the Piedmont Triad region.Notable people of Wake Forest University include author Maya Angelou, mathematician Phillip Griffiths, Senators Richard Burr and Kay Hagan, former sportscaster and athlete Billy Packer, athletes Chris Paul, Tim Duncan, Muggsy Bogues, Brian Piccolo and Arnold Palmer, and CEO Charlie Ergen.\nWake Forest University Athletic teams are known as the Demon Deacons and compete in 18 NCAA Division I intercollegiate sports. Wake Forest is also a founding member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).\n\n", "Q2142803": "William Knox D'Arcy (11 October 1849 \u2013 1 May 1917) was one of the principal founders of the oil and petrochemical industry in Persia (Iran). Concession to explore, obtain, and market oil, natural gas, asphalt, and ozokerite was given to him and the concession known as the D\u2019Arcy Concession in Iran.", "Q310116": "Wasalu Muhammad Jaco (born February 16, 1982), better known by his stage name Lupe Fiasco ( LOO-pay), is an American rapper, record producer, entrepreneur, and activist. He rose to fame in 2006 following the success of his debut album, Lupe Fiasco's Food & Liquor. He also performs as the frontman of rock band Japanese Cartoon under his real name. As an entrepreneur, Fiasco is the chief executive officer of 1st and 15th Entertainment.\nRaised in Chicago, Jaco developed an interest in hip hop after initially disliking the genre for its use of vulgarity and misogyny. After adopting the name Lupe Fiasco and recording songs in his father's basement, 19-year-old Fiasco joined a group called Da Pak. The group disbanded shortly after its inception, and Fiasco soon met rapper Jay-Z who helped him sign a record deal with Atlantic Records. In September 2006, Fiasco released his debut album Lupe Fiasco's Food & Liquor on the label, which received three Grammy nominations. He released his second album, Lupe Fiasco's The Cool, in December 2007. The lead single \"Superstar\" became his first top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100. After a two-year delay, Lasers was released in March 2011 to mixed reviews; however, it became his first album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200. His latest album, Drogas Wave, was released in September 2018.\nIn addition to music, Fiasco has pursued other business ventures, including fashion. He runs two clothing lines, Righteous Kung-Fu and Trilly & Truly; he has designed sneakers for Reebok. He has been involved with charitable activities, including the Summit on the Summit expedition, and in 2010 he recorded a benefit single for victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Fiasco is also noted for his anti-establishment views, which he has expressed in both interviews and his music.", "Q96325": "Balthasar Benjamin Kindermann (10 April 1636 \u2013 12 February 1706) was a German poet.\nKindermann was born in Zittau, the son of a Schwertfeger, a smith who specialized in weapons. He attended the Gymnasium of his home town and was encouraged by Elias Weise. In 1654 he enrolled at the University of Wittenberg to study theology, but he also studied poetry and rhetoric with August Buchner. In 1657 he earned his master's degree in theology. One year later he was crowned as poeta laureatus by Johann Rist; he was made a member of Rist's Elbschwanenorden, the \"Order of Swans of the Elbe\", an association interested in language, in 1660.In 1659 Kindermann became vice principal of the Saldernsche Schule in Brandenburg an der Havel, and was appointed rector in 1664. In 1660 he married Dorothea Schiffner, the daughter of a Swedish captain, with whom he had four sons and two daughters. In 1667 he went to Magdeburg as a deacon at the Johanniskirche. From 1672 he served as first minister of the Ulrichskirche. He succeeded Christian Scriver in 1690 and became head of the school (Scholarch) later. He died in Magdeburg in 1706.Kindermann's work is extremely versatile: it includes satirical \"poems\" in the style of Johann Michael Moscherosch, poetic and rhetorical writings, poetry collections, as well as several plays. He wrote Lobgesang des Zerbster Biers (Song of praise of the Zerbst beer) in 1658. His most successful work, Der Deutsche Redner (The German Speaker), a guidebook for speeches, was first published in Frankfurt an der Oder in 1660; it appeared in six editions, was edited in 1680 under the title Teutscher Wolredner and appeared in two more editions.In 1664, he wrote the hymn Was frag ich nach der Welt, which Johann Sebastian Bach used as the basis for his chorale cantata Was frag ich nach der Welt, BWV 94, for the ninth Sunday after Trinity of 1724.", "Q246422": "Ralph Lundsten is a Swedish composer of electronic music, as well as a film director, artist and author.\nHe was born on 6 October 1936 in Ersn\u00e4s, Norrbotten, in northern Sweden, and now lives in Nacka on the outskirts of Stockholm, still close to the forest and the sea. His home is Castle Frankenburg, a pink wooden mansion dating from 1878 which also houses his electronic music studio, Andromeda Studio.\nSince 1959 he has lived an independent life, creating his own personal musical language, and preparing original films and exhibitions. His song Out in the Wide World serves as the signature tune for Radio Sweden International broadcasts.\nDuring the 1950s Ralph Lundsten built his own electronic musical instruments and was one of the first pioneers in this field.", "Q173347": "\u00c9amon de Valera ( AY-m\u0259n DEV-\u0259-LAIR-\u0259, -\u2060LEER-, Irish: [\u02c8e\u02d0m\u02e0\u0259n\u032a\u02e0 d\u02b2\u025b \u02c8v\u02e0al\u02b2\u0259\u027e\u02b2\u0259]; first registered as George de Valero; changed some time before 1901 to Edward de Valera; 14 October 1882 \u2013 29 August 1975) was a prominent statesman and political leader in 20th-century Ireland. His political career spanned over half a century, from 1917 to 1973; he served several terms as head of government and head of state. He also led the introduction of the Constitution of Ireland.Prior to de Valera's political career, he was a commandant at Boland's Mill during the 1916 Easter Rising. He was arrested, sentenced to death but released for a variety of reasons, including the public response to the British execution of Rising leaders. He returned to Ireland after being jailed in England and became one of the leading political figures of the War of Independence. After the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, de Valera served as the political leader of Anti-Treaty Sinn F\u00e9in until 1926, when he, along with many supporters, left the party to set up Fianna F\u00e1il, a new political party which abandoned the policy of abstentionism from D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann.\nFrom there, de Valera went on to be at the forefront of Irish politics until the turn of the 1960s. He took over as President of the Executive Council from W. T. Cosgrave and later Taoiseach, with the passing of the Constitution of Ireland in 1937. He served as Taoiseach on three different occasions; from 1937 to 1948, from 1951 to 1954 and finally from 1957 to 1959. He remains the longest serving Taoiseach by total days served in the post. He resigned in 1959 upon his election as President of Ireland. By then, he had been Leader of Fianna F\u00e1il for 33 years, and he, along with older founding members, began to take a less prominent role relative to newer ministers such as Jack Lynch, Charles Haughey and Neil Blaney. He would serve as President of Ireland from 1959 to 1973, two full terms in office.\nDe Valera's political beliefs evolved from militant Irish republicanism to strong social, cultural and fiscal conservatism. He has been characterised by a stern, unbending, devious demeanour. His roles in the Civil War have also portrayed him as a divisive figure in Irish history. Biographer Tim Pat Coogan sees his time in power as being characterised by economic and cultural stagnation, while Diarmaid Ferriter argues that the stereotype of de Valera as an austere, cold and even backward figure was largely manufactured in the 1960s and is misguided.", "Q77871": "Gustav Trunk (24 July 1871 in Waldprechtsweier - 23 April 1936 in Karlsruhe) was a three-time President of Baden. He was a lawyer by occupation and was a member of the German Centre Party.\nIn 1897, Gustav Trunk married Emma Eppel in Baden-Baden. He studied law in Berlin and Heidelberg, graduating in 1900. Heavily influenced by his model, Franz Xavier Lenders, Trunk joined the Centre Party.", "Q49747": "Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (29 August 1862 \u2013 6 May 1949), also known as Count (or Comte) Maeterlinck from 1932, was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist who was Flemish but wrote in French. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911 \"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations\". The main themes in his work are death and the meaning of life. He was a leading member of La Jeune Belgique group and his plays form an important part of the Symbolist movement.", "Q92143": "Carl (Hermann) Busse (12 November 1872 \u2013 3 December 1918) was a German lyric poet. He worked as a literary critic and published his own poetry and prose, occasionally under the pseudonym Fritz D\u00f6ring.", "Q839356": "Mitsuo Horiuchi (Japanese: \u5800\u5185 \u5149\u96c4, Hepburn: Horiuchi Mitsuo, 1 January 1930 \u2013 16 May 2016) was a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Misaka, Yamanashi and graduate of Keio University, he was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1976. He joined Sosuke Uno's cabinet as the Minister of Labour.", "Q84721": "Gregor Schwartz-Bostunitsch (December 1, 1883 \u2013 unknown) was a prominent figure in Nazi Germany. He was a German-Russian author in the v\u00f6lkisch movement and became SS-Standartenf\u00fchrer in 1944. His death is unclear.", "Q760606": "The Augstmatthorn is a mountain of the Emmental Alps, overlooking Lake Brienz in the Bernese Oberland. The largely forested land from the top of the mountain southwards to the lake has been identified by BirdLife International as a 15,900 ha Important Bird Area.", "Q68789": "Blenio is a municipality of the district of Blenio, in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland.\nBlenio was created on 22 October 2006 when it incorporated the formerly autonomous municipalities of Aquila, Campo Blenio, Ghirone, Olivone and Torre of the upper Blenio valley.\nA legal challenge to the merger was raised by Aquila, but was rejected by the Federal Court on 18 April 2006.", "Q165525": "101 Reykjav\u00edk (pronunciation ) is a 2000 Icelandic comedy film directed by Baltasar Korm\u00e1kur and starring Victoria Abril and Hilmir Sn\u00e6r Gu\u00f0nason. It is based on an eponymous 1996 novel by Hallgr\u00edmur Helgason, and both are set in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland. The title is taken from the \u00cdslandsp\u00f3stur postal code for the Mi\u00f0borg district of central Reykjav\u00edk. The film won nine B-class film awards and received ten nominations most notably winning the Discovery Film Award at the Toronto International Film Festival.", "Q3844925": "Sir Frederick Handley Page, CBE, FRAeS (15 November 1885 \u2013 21 April 1962) was an English industrialist who was a pioneer in the aircraft industry and became known as the father of the heavy bomber.His company Handley Page Limited was best known for its large aircraft such as the Handley Page 0/400 and Halifax bombers and the H.P.42 airliner. The latter was the flagship of the Imperial Airways fleet between the wars and remarkable at the time for having been involved in no passenger deaths.\nHe is also known for his invention, with Gustav Lachmann, of the leading edge slot to improve the stall characteristics of aircraft wings. Frederick Handley Page was the uncle of World War II flying ace Geoffrey Page.\n\n", "Q284777": "Western Washington University (WWU or Western) is a public university in Bellingham, Washington. It is the northernmost university in the contiguous United States and was founded as the state-funded New Whatcom Normal School in 1893, succeeding a private school of teaching for women founded in 1886.\nWWU offers a variety of bachelor's and master's degrees. In 2018, there were 16,121 students, 15,170 of whom were undergraduate students, and 639 faculty. Its athletic teams are known as the Vikings, which compete in division II of the National Collegiate Athletic Association.", "Q175736": "John Crowell (September 15, 1801 \u2013 March 8, 1883) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.", "Q200463": "Guido da Vigevano or Guido da Vigevano da Pavia (born c. 1280; died c. 1349) was an Italian physician and inventor. He is notable for his sketchbook Texaurus regis Francie, a catalog of military equipment, and his Anothomia Philippi Septimi, an illustrated work on dissection. Each provides insight into the state of medieval technology and medicine. As an inventor, Guido can be regarded as a distant forerunner of later Renaissance artist-engineers like Taccola, Francesco di Giorgio Martini and Leonardo da Vinci. As an anatomist, Guido documents the practices of the fourteenth-century Bolognese school and its esteemed doctor Mondino de Luzzi.", "Q186872": "For the 19th century Venezuelan politician with similar name, see Francisco de Miranda \n\nFrancisco de S\u00e1 de Miranda (28 August 1481 \u2013 17 May 1558; Portuguese pronunciation: [f\u027e\u0250\u0303\u02c8si\u0283ku d\u0268 \u02c8sa d\u0268 mi\u02c8\u027e\u0250\u0303\u00f0\u0250]) was a Portuguese poet of the Renaissance.\n\n", "Q707689": "GUN Records (Great Unlimited Noises) was a record label located in Bochum, Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany and was founded 1992 by Bogdan Kopec (DRAKKAR Promotion Musikverlag GmbH) and Wolfgang Funk.\nDifferent artists on the label have had hit singles as well as albums in Europe. A branch of the label known as Supersonic Records existed until 2005, when GUN's parent company BMG merged with Sony. In 2009, GUN Records announced they were closing.", "Q77865": "Adam Remmele (26 December 1877 in Heidelberg - 9 September 1951 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German social democratic politician in Baden. He also served in the Reichstag.", "Q1555414": "Wayne Lamar Jackson (November 24, 1941 \u2013 June 21, 2016) was an American soul and R&B musician, playing the trumpet in the Mar-Keys, in the house band at Stax Records and later as one of The Memphis Horns, described as \"arguably the greatest soul horn section ever\".Jackson was born in West Memphis, Arkansas just a few days apart from his musical partner Andrew Love with whom he created the signature horn sound at Stax on hit records by Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, and others. Jackson was also the voice on the Mar-Keys singular hit \"Last Night\", due in part, to his proximity to the microphone (Jackson was not the voice on \"Last Night.\" It was Floyd Newman, tenor sax. As he told it to me at a Staxtacular event in 2007, \"There was this break, with nothin, so I leaned into the mic and said ... '... last night ...' Then there was a second one, so I leaned back in and said '... oh, yeah ...'.\" This is documented in a video I did for Stax - with Floyd Newman on camera - (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5BS9JmTOW0), when I also interviewed Jackson and several other. It was later confirmed to me by Steve Cropper. Tim Arnold)\nAfter the years recording at Stax, they incorporated themselves into The Memphis Horns and began freelancing, recording on sessions for such artists as Neil Diamond, Elvis Presley, Al Green, and Dusty Springfield. The duo also toured with The Doobie Brothers, Jimmy Buffett, Robert Cray, and numerous other performers.\nIn 2012, the Memphis Horns received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award for outstanding artistic significance in music.Jackson died on June 21, 2016 at Methodist University Hospital in Memphis of congestive heart failure. His death came after several years of failing health during which he still maintained an active schedule earning an income by giving personalized guided tours at the Stax Museum of American Soul Music. He was 74.", "Q389535": "Shootfighter: Fight to the Death is a 1992 martial arts film directed by Patrick Alan. The film's score was composed by Joel Goldsmith.\n\n", "Q462903": "Ronald Jason Eldard (born February 20, 1965) is an American actor.", "Q92157": "Prince Herman Adolf of Solms-Lich-Hohensolms (15 April 1838 in Brtnice \u2013 16 September 1899 in Lich, Hesse) was a German nobleman from the House of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich and a politician.", "Q84735": "Ignaz \"Igo\" Etrich (25 December 1879 in Horn\u00ed Star\u00e9 M\u011bsto, Trutnov, Bohemia \u2013 4 February 1967 in Salzburg, Austria), Austrian flight pioneer, pilot and fixed-wing aircraft developer.", "Q2535868": "V\u00e1n Records is a German record label based in Herzogenrath. It was founded in 2004 by Sven Dinninghoff, who was a member of Black Metal bands Nagelfar and Graupel in the mid-1990s. The label was founded in the environment of W\u00f2d-V\u00e1n, an association of Black Metal fans near Aachen, which was founded by Dinninghoff and other members of Nagelfar. Under contract are mainly German and Dutch bands, but also American bands like \u0160kan or Svartidau\u00f0i from Iceland.", "Q189599": "Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943) is an English musician, singer, and songwriter. He is best known as the co-founder, guitarist, secondary vocalist, and co-principal songwriter of the Rolling Stones. Rolling Stone magazine called Richards the creator of \"rock's greatest single body of riffs\" on guitar and ranked him fourth on its list of 100 best guitarists in 2011. The magazine lists fourteen songs that Richards wrote with the Rolling Stones' lead vocalist Mick Jagger on its \"Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" list.\nRichards plays both lead and rhythm guitar parts, often in the same song, as the Stones are generally known for their guitar interplay of rhythm and lead (\"weaving\") between Richards and the other guitarist in the band \u2013 Brian Jones (1962\u20131969), Mick Taylor (1969\u20131975), and Ronnie Wood (1975\u2013present). In the recording studio, Richards sometimes plays all of the guitar parts, notably on the songs \"Paint It Black\", \"Ruby Tuesday\", \"Sympathy for the Devil\", and \"Gimme Shelter\". He is also a vocalist, singing backing vocals on many Rolling Stones songs as well as occasional lead vocals, such as on the Rolling Stones' 1972 single \"Happy\", as well as with his side project, the X-Pensive Winos.", "Q154934": "Ecgberht (771/775 \u2013 839), also spelled Egbert, Ecgbert, or Ecgbriht, was King of Wessex from 802 until his death in 839. His father was Ealhmund of Kent. In the 780s Ecgberht was forced into exile by Offa of Mercia and Beorhtric of Wessex, but on Beorhtric's death in 802 Ecgberht returned and took the throne.\nLittle is known of the first 20 years of Ecgberht's reign, but it is thought that he was able to maintain the independence of Wessex against the kingdom of Mercia, which at that time dominated the other southern English kingdoms. In 825 Ecgberht defeated Beornwulf of Mercia, ended Mercia's supremacy at the Battle of Ellandun, and proceeded to take control of the Mercian dependencies in southeastern England. In 829 he defeated Wiglaf of Mercia and drove him out of his kingdom, temporarily ruling Mercia directly. Later that year Ecgberht received the submission of the Northumbrian king at Dore. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle subsequently described Ecgberht as a bretwalda or 'wide-ruler' of Anglo-Saxon lands.\nEcgberht was unable to maintain this dominant position, and within a year Wiglaf regained the throne of Mercia. However, Wessex did retain control of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey; these territories were given to Ecgberht's son \u00c6thelwulf to rule as a subking under Ecgberht. When Ecgberht died in 839, \u00c6thelwulf succeeded him; the southeastern kingdoms were finally absorbed into the kingdom of Wessex after \u00c6thelwulf's death in 858.", "Q333903": "Margaret Anne Ewing (n\u00e9e McAdam, formerly Bain; 1 September 1945 \u2013 21 March 2006) was a Scottish teacher, journalist and politician. She served as a Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of Parliament for East Dunbartonshire from 1974 to 1979 and Moray from 1987 to 2001, and was Member of the Scottish Parliament for Moray from 1999 until 2006.\nEwing was Deputy Leader of the Scottish National Party from 1984 to 1987 and leader of the SNP parliamentary group in the House of Commons from 1987 to 1999. She was a candidate for the SNP leadership in 1990.", "Q79848": "Southampton ( (listen)) is a city in Hampshire, South East England, 70 miles (110 km) south-west of London and 15 miles (24 km) north-west of Portsmouth. A major port, and close to the New Forest, it lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water, at the confluence of the River Test and Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south. The unitary authority had a population of 253,651 at the 2011 census. A resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian.Significant employers in the city include Southampton City Council, the University of Southampton, Solent University, Southampton Airport, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, Associated British Ports (ABP) and Carnival UK. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire, as one of the departure points for D-Day, and more recently as the home port of some of the largest cruise ships in the world. Southampton also has a large shopping centre and retail park, Westquay.", "Q5538333": "George Dewey Wallace (June 8, 1917 \u2013 July 22, 2005) was an American stage and screen actor. Wallace co-starred with Mary Martin in the Broadway musical Jennie and was nominated for a New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for playing the male lead in New Girl in Town opposite Gwen Verdon. He is also remembered for playing Commando Cody in the movie serial Radar Men from the Moon.", "Q3769": "French Guiana ( or ; French: Guyane [\u0261\u0265ijan]) is an overseas department and region of France on the northern Atlantic coast of South America in the Guianas. It borders Brazil to the east and south and Suriname to the west. French Guiana is the only territory of the mainland Americas to have full integration in a European country.\nWith a land area of 83,534 km2 (32,253 sq mi), French Guiana is the second-largest region of France (it is more than one-seventh the size of Metropolitan France) and the largest outermost region within the European Union. It has a very low population density, with only 3.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (9.3/sq mi). (Its population is less than \u200b1\u2044200 that of Metropolitan France.) Half of its 290,691 inhabitants in 2020 lived in the metropolitan area of Cayenne, its capital. 98.9% of the land territory of French Guiana is covered by forests, a large part of which is primeval rainforest. The Guiana Amazonian Park, which is the largest national park in the European Union, covers 41% of French Guiana's territory. \nSince December 2015 both the region and the department have been ruled by a single assembly within the framework of a new territorial collectivity, the French Guiana Territorial Collectivity (French: collectivit\u00e9 territoriale de Guyane). This assembly, the French Guiana Assembly (French: assembl\u00e9e de Guyane), has replaced the former regional council and departmental council, which were both disbanded. The French Guiana Assembly is in charge of regional and departmental government. Its president is Rodolphe Alexandre.\nBefore European contact, the territory was originally inhabited by Native Americans, most speaking the Arawak language, of the Arawakan language family. The people identified as Lokono. The first French establishment is recorded in 1503, but France did not establish a durable presence until colonists founded Cayenne in 1643. Guiana was developed as a slave society, where planters imported Africans as enslaved labourers on large sugar and other plantations in such number as to increase the population. Slavery was abolished in the colonies at the time of the French Revolution. Guiana was designated as a French department in 1797. But, after France gave up most of its territory in North America in 1803, it developed Guiana as a penal colony, establishing a network of camps and penitentiaries along the coast where prisoners from metropolitan France were sentenced to forced labour.During World War II and the fall of France to Nazi German forces, F\u00e9lix \u00c9bou\u00e9 was one of the first to support General Charles de Gaulle of Free France, as early as June 18, 1940. Guiana officially rallied to Free France in 1943. It abandoned its status as a colony and once again became a French department in 1946. \nAfter de Gaulle was elected as president of France, he established the Guiana Space Centre in 1965. It is now operated by the CNES, Arianespace and the European Space Agency (ESA). \nIn the late 1970s and early 1980s, several hundred Hmong refugees from Laos immigrated to French Guiana, fleeing displacement after United States involvement in the Vietnam War. In the late 1980s, more than 10,000 Surinamese refugees, mostly Maroons, arrived in French Guiana, fleeing the Surinamese Civil War. More recently, French Guiana has received large numbers of Brazilian and Haitian economic migrants. Illegal and ecologically destructive gold mining by Brazilian garimpeiros is a chronic issue in the remote interior rain forest of French Guiana. The region still faces such problems as illegal immigration, poorer infrastructure than mainland France, higher costs of living, higher levels of crime and more common social unrest.Fully integrated in the French central state in the 21st century, French Guiana is a part of the European Union, and its official currency is the euro. The region has the highest nominal GDP per capita in South America. A large part of French Guiana's economy derives from jobs and businesses associated with the presence of the Guiana Space Centre, now the European Space Agency's primary launch site near the equator. As elsewhere in France, the official language is standard French, but each ethnic community has its own language, of which French Guianese Creole, a French-based creole language, is the most widely spoken.", "Q713824": "John Cornwell (born 1940) is a British journalist, author, and academic. Since 1990 he has directed the Science and Human Dimension Project at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he is also, since 2009, Founder and Director of the Rustat Conferences. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Letters (University of Leicester) in 2011. He was nominated for the PEN/Ackerley Prize for best UK memoir 2007 (Seminary Boy) and shortlisted Specialist Journalist of the Year (science, medicine in Sunday Times Magazine), British Press Awards 2006. He won the Scientific and Medical Network Book of the Year Award for Hitler's Scientists, 2005; and received the Independent Television Authority-Tablet Award for contributions to religious journalism (1994). In 1982 he won the Gold Dagger Award Non-Fiction (1982) for Earth to Earth. He is best known for his investigative journalism; memoir; and his work in public understanding of science. In addition to his books on the relationship between science, ethics and the humanities, he has written widely on the Catholic Church and the modern papacy.", "Q215708": "Max Hansen (22 December 1897 \u2013 12 November 1961), also known as 'The Little Caruso', was a Danish singer, cabaret artist, actor, and comedian.", "Q482149": "Am\u00e9d\u00e9 Ardoin (March 11, 1898 \u2013 November 3, 1942) was an American Louisiana Creole musician, known for his high singing voice and virtuosity on the Cajun accordion. He is credited by Louisiana music scholars with laying the groundwork for Creole music in the early 20th century, and wrote several songs now regarded as zydeco standards.\n\n", "Q43518": "Oceanography (compound of the Greek words \u1f60\u03ba\u03b5\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 meaning \"ocean\" and \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c9 meaning \"write\"), also known as oceanology, is the study of the physical and biological aspects of the ocean. It is an important Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers blend to further knowledge of the world ocean and understanding of processes within: astronomy, biology, chemistry, climatology, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans including marine geology, physics, chemistry and biology .", "Q448898": "Goran Mili\u0107 (born 24 January 1946) is a Croatian journalist whose work has primarily been on television. With a high-profile career spanning forty years, he's one of the most recognizable media personalities in the countries of former Yugoslavia. \nFrom 2011 to 2016 Mili\u0107 was the Al Jazeera Balkans news and program director.", "Q437094": "Delphine de Girardin (24 January 1804 \u2013 29 June 1855), pen name Vicomte Delaunay, was a French author.", "Q3134470": "Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House on the Prairie is a 2005 family western television miniseries directed by David L. Cunningham. It is a six-part adaptation of children's novels Little House in the Big Woods (1932) and Little House on the Prairie (1935) by Laura Ingalls Wilder. It was broadcast on ABC as part of The Wonderful World of Disney anthology series. It is also partly inspired by the TV series of the same name.", "Q2095183": "Fingersmith is a two-part BBC mini-series that was televised in 2005.The story is an adaptation of Sarah Waters' novel of the same name and follows the meeting of two very different young women and what madness ensues. Directed by Aisling Walsh, it stars Sally Hawkins, Imelda Staunton, Elaine Cassidy, Rupert Evans and Charles Dance.The mini-series was nominated for Best Drama Serial at the 2006 British Academy Television Awards.", "Q242650": "Mary Catherine McCormack (born February 8, 1969) is an American actress. She has had leading roles as Justine Appleton in the series Murder One (1995\u201397), as Deputy National Security Adviser Kate Harper in The West Wing (2004\u201306), as Mary Shannon in In Plain Sight (2008\u201312), and as Peggy in the comedy series The Kids Are Alright (2018\u201319).\nHer film roles include Private Parts (1997), Deep Impact (1998), True Crime (1999), K-PAX (2001), Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star (2003) and 1408 (2007).", "Q63810": "Joseph Leinen (born 6 April 1948) is a German politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1999 until 2019. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.\nHe is well known for his environmental and foreign affairs activities, as well as for his support for a Federal Europe. He obtained a law degree in Germany in 1972 and a Certificate of Advanced European Studies from the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium, in 1974. Since 1977 he has worked as a lawyer.", "Q121373": "Wilhelm \"Will\" Decker (13 December 1899 in Rostock \u2013 1 May 1945 near Berlin) was a German publicist, and in the time of the Third Reich the General Labour Leader.\nAfter his Abitur, he served at the front in 1917-1918 in the First World War and afterwards studied history and Germanistics between 1919 and 1922.\nBy 1919 he was working as a journalist, and as of 1926, he was a freelance writer. Quite early on, Decker joined the NSDAP and as of 1929 functioned as a Gau speaker. In 1930, he was elected a member of the Reichstag.\nFrom 1931, at the Voluntary Labour Service, Nazi leaders appointed him as \"Inspector for Education and Training\" in the Reich leadership.\nAs of 1934, Decker published the Nazi magazine \"Volk an der Arbeit\", whose content was so well liked by the Nazi leadership that it earned him an appointment as General Labour Leader in the Reichsarbeitsdienst (Reich Labour Service).\nAlongside this, Decker had a teaching job at the University of Berlin, and was appointed an honorary professor in June 1937.\nDecker kept publishing many writings having to do with the Labour Service, among them:\n\n1933: \"Der deutsche Weg\" (\"The German Way\")\n1935: \"Die politische Aufgabe des Arbeitsdienstes\" (\"The Labour Service's Political Function\")\n1939: \"Mit dem Spaten durch Polen\" (\"With the Spade through Poland\")Will Decker died on 1 May 1945 \u2013 the day after Adolf Hitler's death \u2013 as he tried to get himself out of Berlin, which by now lay under the Red Army's siege. Whether he killed himself or was wounded is to this day unknown.", "Q3372489": "Paul Proust de la Gironi\u00e8re (1797\u20131862) was a traveler from\nNantes who lived in the Philippines and wrote about his\nexperiences there. He arrived in the Philippines in 1820 and\nestablished the Jala Jala hacienda in Morong (present-day Rizal province).\nAmong the activities that he undertook were hog raising and planting indigo, sugarcane, and coffee.\nOn June 23, 1837, Gironiere's efforts in the field of horticulture and agriculture were recognized by the Real Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais de Pilipinas \u2014 winning 1,000 pesos for raising 6,000 coffee plants. He ensured good relations with the clergy by building a church; and with his workers by building cockpits in the estate.", "Q168015": "Klaus Schulze (born 4 August 1947) is a German electronic music pioneer, composer and musician. He also used the alias Richard Wahnfried. He was briefly a member of the Krautrock bands Tangerine Dream, Ash Ra Tempel, and The Cosmic Jokers before launching a solo career consisting of more than 60 albums released across five decades.", "Q14440": "Iquique (Spanish pronunciation: [i\u02c8kike]) is a port city and commune in northern Chile, capital of both the Iquique Province and Tarapac\u00e1 Region. It lies on the Pacific coast, west of the Pampa del Tamarugal, which is part of the Atacama Desert. It had a population of 191,468 according to the 2017 census. It is also the main commune of Greater Iquique. The city developed during the heyday of the saltpetre mining in the Atacama Desert in the 19th century. Once a Peruvian city with a large Chilean population, it was conquered by Chile in the War of the Pacific (1879\u20131883). Today it is one of only two free ports of Chile, the other one being Punta Arenas, in the country's far south.\n\n", "Q382460": "Daniel Pinchbeck is an American author. His books include Breaking Open the Head: A Psychedelic Journey into the Heart of Contemporary Shamanism (Broadway Books, 2002), 2012: The Return of Quetzalcoatl (Tarcher/Penguin, 2006), and Notes from the Edge Times (Tarcher/Penguin, 2010). He is a co-founder of the web magazine Reality Sandwich and of the website Evolver.net, and edited the North Atlantic Books publishing imprint Evolver Editions. He was featured in the 2010 documentary 2012: Time for Change, directed by Joao Amorim and produced by Mangusta Films. He is the founder of the think tank Center for Planetary Culture, which produced the Regenerative Society Wiki.", "Q426199": "Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), also known as intracranial bleed, is bleeding within the skull. Subtypes are intracerebral bleeds (intraventricular bleeds and intraparenchymal bleeds), subarachnoid bleeds, epidural bleeds, and subdural bleeds.Intracerebral bleeding affects 2.5 per 10,000 people each year.", "Q2067315": "The University of Cagliari (Italian: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Cagliari) is a university in Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. It was founded in 1606 and is organized in 11 faculties.\nIts symbol is: The coats of arms of this University are, in the middle, the image of the Very Saint Conception, and at the foot a tiara of Pontiff with letter H that means the name of Saint Hylarius Pope, and below, two Prelate Mitres, in the one on the right hand, a letter L which means the name of Saint Lucifer with Primatial Cross, and in the other hand, the letter E which means the name of Saint Eusebius with his pastoral insignia, and then at the right side of the Virgin, the coats of arms of this Kingdom (of Sardinia), and at left side, the one of this city of Cagliari.", "Q192807": "Ramat Gan (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05b8\u05de\u05b7\u05ea \u05d2\u05b7\u05bc\u05df or \u05e8\u05b8\u05de\u05b7\u05ea\u05be\u05d2\u05b7\u05bc\u05df) is a city in the Tel Aviv District of Israel, located east of the municipality of Tel Aviv and part of the Tel Aviv metropolitan area. It is home to one of the world's major diamond exchanges, and many high-tech industries.\nRamat Gan was established in 1921 as a moshav, a communal farming settlement. In 2018 it had a population of 159,159. The mayor of Ramat Gan is Carmel Shama.", "Q15986": "Naumburg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8na\u028amb\u028a\u0250\u032fk]) is a town in (and the administrative capital of) the district Burgenlandkreis, in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Central Germany. It has a population of around 33,000. The Naumburg Cathedral became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2018. This UNESCO designation recognizes the processes that shaped the European continent during the High Middle Ages between 1000 and 1300: Christianization, the so-called \u201cLandesausbau\u201d and the dynamics of cultural exchange and transfer characteristic for this very period.", "Q129049": "Dishonored Lady is a 1947 American film noir crime film directed by Robert Stevenson and starring Hedy Lamarr, Dennis O'Keefe, and John Loder. It is based on the 1930 play Dishonored Lady by Edward Sheldon and Margaret Ayer Barnes. The film is also known as Sins of Madeleine. Hedy Lamarr and John Loder were married when they made this film; they divorced before the year was out.It is the story of a beautiful art department editor at a high-profile Manhattan fashion magazine who becomes a lively party girl at night. With the pressures of her work and her disappointing love life driving her to a breakdown, she seeks out the help of a psychiatrist, who recommends that she leave her job and her lifestyle behind and move into a smaller apartment under another name. Following his advice, she takes an interest in painting and meets a handsome neighbor.\nDishonored Lady was released by United Artists in the United States on May 16, 1947.\n\n", "Q562917": "Stephen McConnell Case (born August 21, 1958) is an American entrepreneur, investor, and businessman best known as the former chief executive officer and chairman of America Online (AOL). Case joined AOL's predecessor company, Quantum Computer Services, as a marketing vice-president and became CEO of the company (renamed AOL) in 1991. Since his retirement as chairman of AOL Time Warner in 2003, he has gone on to invest in early and growth-stage startups through his Washington, D.C. based venture capital firm Revolution LLC. Case authored The Third Wave: An Entrepreneur's Vision of the Future which became a New York Times bestselling book in 2016. Case recently gave a fireside chat at TechCrunch Disrupt NYC, on May 16, 2017, titled \"Building Silicon Valley Outside of the Valley.\"He supports inclusive entrepreneurship and innovation through the Rise of the Rest road trips and the Case Foundation. Case also served as a Presidential Ambassador for Global Entrepreneurship (PAGE) and was a member of Barack Obama's Council on Jobs and Competitiveness. He also served on the National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (NACIE). Case was chairman of UP Global, a non-profit organization focused on fostering strong entrepreneurial communities, recently acquired by Techstars.", "Q597236": "Washington State University (Washington State, WSU, or Wazzu) is a public research university in Pullman, Washington. Founded in 1890, WSU is one of the oldest land-grant universities in the American West. With an undergraduate enrollment of 24,470 and a total enrollment of 29,686, it is the second largest institution for higher education in Washington state behind the University of Washington. The WSU Pullman campus is perched upon a hill, characterized by open spaces, views, deep green conifers, and a restrained red brick and basalt material palette\u2014materials originally found on site. The university is nestled within the rolling topography of the Palouse in rural eastern Washington and remains intimately connected to the town, the region, and the landscape in which it sits.The university also operates campuses across Washington known as WSU Spokane, WSU Tri-Cities, and WSU Vancouver, all founded in 1989. In 2012, WSU launched an Internet-based Global Campus, which includes its online degree program, WSU Online. In 2015, WSU expanded to a sixth campus, known as WSU Everett. These campuses award primarily bachelor's and master's degrees. Freshmen and sophomores were first admitted to the Vancouver campus in 2006 and to the Tri-Cities campus in 2007. Enrollment for the four campuses and WSU Online exceeds 29,686 students. This includes 1,751 international students.WSU's athletic teams are called the Cougars and the school colors are crimson and gray. Six men's and nine women's varsity teams compete in NCAA Division I in the Pac-12 Conference. Both men's and women's indoor track teams compete in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation.", "Q91338": "Hermann Eduard von Holst (June 19, 1841 \u2013 January 20, 1904) was a German-American historian.", "Q1618": "Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 \u2013 August 26, 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist. At the age of 25 in 1927, he went from obscurity as a U.S. Air Mail pilot to instantaneous world fame by winning the Orteig Prize for making a nonstop flight from New York to Paris. Lindbergh covered the \u200b33 1\u20442-hour, 3,600-statute-mile (5,800 km) flight alone in a purpose-built, single-engine Ryan monoplane, the Spirit of St. Louis. Although not the first non-stop transatlantic flight, this was the first solo transatlantic flight, the first transatlantic flight between two major city hubs, and the longest transatlantic flight by almost 2,000 miles, thus it is widely considered a turning point in the development of aviation.\nLindbergh was an officer in the U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve, and he received the United States' highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his transatlantic flight. His achievement spurred interest in both commercial aviation and air mail, which revolutionized the aviation industry, and he devoted much time and effort to promoting such activity. \nIn March 1932, Lindbergh's infant son, Charles Jr., was kidnapped and murdered in what the American media called the \"Crime of the Century\". The case prompted the United States Congress to establish kidnapping as a federal crime, if the kidnapper crosses state lines with a victim. By late 1935, the hysteria surrounding the case had driven the Lindbergh family into exile in Europe, from which they returned in 1939.\nIn the years before the United States entered World War II, though Lindbergh never publicly stated support for Nazi Germany, his non-interventionist stance toward the war and statements about Jews led some to suspect he was a Nazi sympathizer. He opposed not only the intervention of the United States, but also the provision of aid to the United Kingdom. He supported the anti-war America First Committee and resigned his commission in the U.S. Army Air Forces in April 1941 after President Franklin Roosevelt publicly rebuked him for his views. In September 1941, Lindbergh gave an address stating that the British, the Jews and the Roosevelt administration were the \"three most important groups\" pressing for greater American involvement in the war. He also said capitalists, intellectuals, American Anglophiles, and communists were all agitating for war.Lindbergh publicly supported the U.S. war effort after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent German declaration of war against the United States. He flew 50 missions in the Pacific Theater of World War II as a civilian consultant, but did not take up arms against Germany, and Roosevelt refused to reinstate his Air Corps colonel's commission. In his later years, Lindbergh became a prolific author, international explorer, inventor, and environmentalist.\n\n", "Q86644": "Anton Emmerich Zischka von Trochnov (September 14, 1904 \u2013 May 31, 1997) was an Austrian journalist and one of the most successful non-fiction writers in the 20th century. He wrote also under the pseudonyms Rupert Donkan, Thomas Daring, Darius Plecha and Antal Sorba. His some 40 books that mostly covered non-fictional economic and technical topics have been translated into 18 languages.\n\n", "Q88669": "Hubert Burda (born 9 February 1940) is a German billionaire publisher. He is the owner, publisher and general partner of Hubert Burda Media, a global media company of more than 600 media products, including websites, print magazines and other brands. It operates in 20 countries, predominantly in Germany and the UK. Its brands include Focus, Bunte and Radio Times.Burda is chairman of the conference Digital Life Design (DLD), which takes place annually in January in Munich.\nForbes Magazine estimates his net worth at $4 billion.\n\n", "Q90026": "Heinrich Aigner (May 25, 1924 \u2013 March 24, 1988) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nHe was born in Ebrach and died in Amberg.", "Q75914": "Hans Cloos (November 8, 1885 \u2013 September 26, 1951) was a prominent German structural geologist.\n\nBorn in Magdeburg, Germany, Hans Cloos earned his doctorate at Freiburg in 1910, then worked in Indonesia and Namibia up until the start of First World War. During the war his geological skills were put to use along the western front.\nFollowing the war, he began a study of plutons and their interior structure. In 1919 he became professor of geology at the University of Breslau. His younger brother, Ernst Cloos, who was born in 1898, would come to study geology at Breslau under his brother and later became a prominent geologist and professor at Johns Hopkins University.\nIn 1926 Cloos left Breslau to become professor of geology at the University of Bonn. He made additional geological trips to explore the Scandinavian region, England, and North America.\nProfessor Hans Cloos made pioneering studies of rock deformation, including granite tectonics. He employed scaled analogue models to study the physical mechanics of faulting, and examined how continents developed their structure. He was also noted for his artistic abilities, including music and draftsmanship.\nCloos died in Bonn, Germany in 1951.", "Q33941": "Julian, rarely Julian II (Latin: Flavius Claudius Julianus Augustus, Greek: \u03a6\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03bb\u03b1\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f38\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2 \u0391\u1f54\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2; 331/332 \u2013 26 June 363), was Roman Emperor from 361 to 363, as well as a notable philosopher and author in Greek. His rejection of Christianity, and his promotion of Neoplatonic Hellenism in its place, caused him to be remembered as Julian the Apostate by the Christian church.A member of the Constantinian dynasty, Julian was orphaned as a child. He was raised by the Gothic slave Mardonius, who had a profound influence on him, providing Julian with an excellent education. Julian became caesar over the western provinces by order of Constantius II in 355, and in this role he campaigned successfully against the Alamanni and Franks. Most notable was his crushing victory over the Alamanni at the Battle of Argentoratum (Strasbourg) in 357, leading his 13,000 men against a Germanic army three times larger. In 360, Julian was proclaimed Augustus by his soldiers at Lutetia (Paris), sparking a civil war with Constantius. However, Constantius died before the two could face each other in battle, and named Julian as his successor.\nIn 363, Julian embarked on an ambitious campaign against the Sasanian Empire. The campaign was initially successful, securing a victory outside Ctesiphon. However, he did not attempt to besiege it and moved into Persia's heartland, but soon faced supply problems and was forced to retreat north while ceaselessly being harassed by Persian skirmishes. During the Battle of Samarra, Julian was mortally wounded under mysterious circumstances. He was succeeded by Jovian who was obliged to cede territory, including Nisibis, in order to save the trapped Roman forces.Julian was a man of unusually complex character: he was \"the military commander, the theosophist, the social reformer, and the man of letters\". He was the last non-Christian ruler of the Roman Empire, and he believed that it was necessary to restore the Empire's ancient Roman values and traditions in order to save it from dissolution. He purged the top-heavy state bureaucracy, and attempted to revive traditional Roman religious practices at the expense of Christianity. His attempt to build a Third Temple in Jerusalem was probably intended to harm Christianity rather than please Jews. Julian also forbade the Christians from teaching and learning classical texts.", "Q1633729": "The Hohsandhorn (also known as Punta del Sabbione) is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps on the Swiss-Italian border.", "Q360383": "Gil Vicente (Portuguese: [\u02c8\u0292i\u026b vi\u02c8s\u1ebdt\u0268]; c. 1465 \u2013 c. 1536), called the Trobadour, was a Portuguese playwright and poet who acted in and directed his own plays. Considered the chief dramatist of Portugal he is sometimes called the \"Portuguese Plautus,\" often referred to as the \"Father of Portuguese drama\" and as one of Western literature's greatest playwrights. Also noted as a lyric poet, Vicente worked in Spanish as much as he worked in Portuguese and is thus, with Juan del Encina, considered joint-father of Spanish drama.\nVicente was attached to the courts of the Portuguese kings Manuel I and John III. He rose to prominence as a playwright largely on account of the influence of Queen Dowager Leonor, who noticed him as he participated in court dramas and subsequently commissioned him to write his first theatrical work.\nHe may also have been identical to an accomplished goldsmith of the same name at the court of \u00c9vora; the goldsmith is mentioned in royal documents from 1509 to 1517 and worked for the widow of King John II, Dona Leonor. He was the creator of the famous monstrance of Bel\u00e9m, and master of rhetoric of King Manuel I.\nHis plays and poetry, written in both Portuguese and Spanish, were a reflection of the changing times during the transition from Middle Ages to Renaissance and created a balance between the former time of rigid mores and hierarchical social structure and the new society in which this order was undermined.\nWhile many of Vicente's works were composed to celebrate religious and national festivals or to commemorate events in the life of the royal family, others draw upon popular culture to entertain, and often to critique, Portuguese society of his day.\nThough some of his works were later suppressed by the Portuguese Inquisition, causing his fame to wane, he is now recognised as one of the principal figures of the Portuguese Renaissance.", "Q184903": "David Andrew Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American director and producer of films, television, and music videos. His work has received multiple nominations in the Academy Awards and Golden Globe Awards. Born in Denver, Colorado, Fincher developed a passion for filmmaking at an early age. He first gained recognition from directing numerous music videos. He then made his directorial debut with the feature film Alien 3 (1992), which garnered mixed reviews, followed by the thriller Seven (1995), which was better received. Fincher found lukewarm success with The Game (1997) and Fight Club (1999), with the latter eventually becoming a cult classic. In 2002, he returned with a critical and box office success, Panic Room (2002).\nFincher also directed Zodiac (2007), the biographical drama The Social Network (2010) and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011). For The Social Network, he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Director and BAFTA Award for Best Direction. His greatest commercial successes have been The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008) and Gone Girl (2014), both grossing more than $300 million worldwide, and the former earning thirteen nominations at the Academy Awards, and eleven at the British Academy Film Awards. He also served as an executive producer and director for the acclaimed Netflix series House of Cards (2013\u20132018) and Mindhunter (2017\u20132019), winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for the pilot episode of House of Cards. Fincher was the co-founder of Propaganda Films, a production company of film and music videos.", "Q722347": "Walter Jackson Ong (November 30, 1912 \u2013 August 12, 2003) was an American Jesuit priest, professor of English literature, cultural and religious historian and philosopher. His major interest was in exploring how the transition from orality to literacy influenced culture and changed human consciousness. In 1978 Ong served as elected president of the Modern Language Association.", "Q920607": "Caleb Landry Jones (born December 7, 1989) is an American actor and musician, best known for his roles as Banshee in X-Men: First Class (2011), Jeremy Armitage in Get Out (2017), and Red Welby in Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017).\n\n", "Q380511": "Kim Eric Drexler (born April 25, 1955) is an American engineer best known for seminal studies of the potential of molecular nanotechnology (MNT), from the 1970s and 1980s. His 1991 doctoral thesis at Massachusetts Institute of Technology was revised and published as the book Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery Manufacturing and Computation (1992), which received the Association of American Publishers award for Best Computer Science Book of 1992.", "Q312073": "Warner Leroy Baxter (March 29, 1889 \u2013 May 7, 1951) was an American film actor from the 1910s to the 1940s. Baxter became known for his role as the Cisco Kid in the 1928 film In Old Arizona, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 2nd Academy Awards. He frequently played womanizing, charismatic Latin bandit types in Westerns, and played the Cisco Kid or a similar character throughout the 1930s, but had a range of other roles throughout his career.\nBaxter began his movie career in silent films with his most notable roles being in The Great Gatsby (1926) and The Awful Truth (1925). Baxter's most notable talkies are In Old Arizona (1929), 42nd Street (1932), Slave Ship (1937) with Wallace Beery, Kidnapped (1938) with Freddie Bartholomew, and the 1931 ensemble short film, The Stolen Jools. In the 1940s, he was well known for his recurring role as Dr. Robert Ordway in the Crime Doctor series of 10 films.\nFor his contributions to the motion-picture industry, Baxter has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q84053": "Anthony Michael \"Tony\" Oller (born February 25, 1991) is an American singer, songwriter and actor. He had roles as Walt Moore on the TeenNick TV show Gigantic, and as Danny on Disney Channel's As the Bell Rings. He appeared in the films Beneath the Darkness and The Purge. He is also half of the group MKTO with his co-star Malcolm David Kelley.", "Q165257": "Lope F\u00e9lix de Vega y Carpio ( LOH-pei de Veh-g\u0259, Spanish: [\u02c8lope \u02c8feli\u0263z \u00f0e \u02c8\u03b2e\u0263a i \u02c8ka\u027epjo]; 25 November 1562 \u2013 27 August 1635) was a Spanish playwright, poet, novelist and marine. He was one of the key figures in the Spanish Golden Age of Baroque literature. His reputation in the world of Spanish literature is second only to that of Miguel de Cervantes, while the sheer volume of his literary output is unequalled, making him one of the most prolific authors in the history of literature. He was nicknamed \"The Phoenix of Wits\" and \"Monster of Nature\" (in Spanish: F\u00e9nix de los Ingenios, Monstruo de la Naturaleza) by Cervantes because of his prolific nature.\nLope de Vega renewed the Spanish theatre at a time when it was starting to become a mass cultural phenomenon. He defined its key characteristics, and along with Pedro Calder\u00f3n de la Barca and Tirso de Molina, took Spanish Baroque theatre to its greatest heights. Because of the insight, depth and ease of his plays, he is regarded as one of the greatest dramatists in Western literature, his plays still being produced worldwide. He was also considered one of the best lyric poets in the Spanish language, and wrote several novels. Although not well known in the English-speaking world, his plays were presented in England as late as the 1660s, when diarist Samuel Pepys recorded having attended some adaptations and translations of them, although he omits mentioning the author.\nSome 3,000 sonnets, 3 novels, 4 novellas, 9 epic poems, and about 500 plays are attributed to him. Although he has been criticised for putting quantity ahead of quality, nevertheless at least 80 of his plays are considered masterpieces. He was a friend of the writer Francisco de Quevedo and an arch-enemy of the dramatist Juan Ruiz de Alarc\u00f3n. The volume of his lifework made him envied by not only contemporary authors such as Cervantes and Luis de G\u00f3ngora, but also by many others: for instance, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe once wished he had been able to produce such a vast and colourful oeuvre.", "Q49035": "Wendy Barrien Lawrence (born July 2, 1959) is a retired United States Navy Captain, former helicopter pilot, an engineer, and a former NASA astronaut. She was the first female graduate of the United States Naval Academy to fly into space and she has also visited the Russian Space Station Mir. She was a mission specialist on STS-114, the first Space Shuttle flight after the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.", "Q173435": "Ian Gordon Murray (born 18 June 1946 in Durban, South Africa), is a South African-born British designer of Formula One racing cars and the McLaren F1 road car.\n\n", "Q557774": "Fernando del Paso Morante audio (April 1, 1935 - November 14, 2018) was a Mexican novelist, essayist and poet.", "Q2311": "Airbus SE (; French: [\u025b\u0281bys] (listen); German: [\u02c8\u025b\u02d0\u0250\u032fb\u028as] (listen); Spanish: [\u02c8ei\u027ebus]) is a European multinational aerospace corporation. In 2019, Airbus was the world's largest airliner manufacturer and took the most airliner orders. Airbus is registered in the Netherlands; its shares are traded in France, Germany and Spain. It designs, manufactures and sells civil and military aerospace products worldwide and manufactures aircraft in the European Union and various other countries. The company has three divisions: Commercial Aircraft, Defence and Space, and Helicopters, the third being the largest in its industry in terms of revenues and turbine helicopter deliveries.The company's main civil aeroplane business is based in Blagnac, France, a suburb of Toulouse, with production and manufacturing facilities mostly in the European Union (France, Germany, Spain) but also in China, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada. Final assembly production is based in Toulouse, France; Hamburg, Germany; Seville, Spain; Tianjin, China; Mobile, United States; and Montreal, Canada. The company produces and markets the first commercially viable digital fly-by-wire airliner, the Airbus A320, and the world's largest passenger airliner, the A380. The 12,000th aircraft, an A220, was delivered to Delta Air Lines on 20 May 2019. By October 2016, the global Airbus fleet have performed more than 110 million flights, totalling over 215 billion kilometres and carrying 12 billion passengers.Airbus's registered headquarters is in Leiden, Netherlands, with the operating head office located in Toulouse. The company is led by CEO Guillaume Faury and is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.\n\n", "Q372787": "Deathlike Silence Productions (DSP) was a Norwegian independent record label founded in Oslo in 1987 (initially as Posercorpse Music) that focused on black metal. DSP supported the black metal revival in the early 1990s. Helvete was the headquarters of DSP.", "Q104865": "Vladimir Mikhaylovich Komarov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432, IPA: [vl\u0250\u02c8d\u02b2im\u02b2\u026ar m\u02b2\u026a\u02c8xa\u026al\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 k\u0259m\u0250\u02c8rof]; 16 March 1927 \u2013 24 April 1967) was a Soviet test pilot, aerospace engineer, and cosmonaut. In October 1964, he commanded Voskhod 1, the first spaceflight to carry more than one crew member. He became the first cosmonaut to fly in space twice when he was selected as the solo pilot of Soyuz 1, its first crewed test flight. A parachute failure caused his Soyuz capsule to crash into the ground after re-entry on 24 April 1967, making him the first human to die in a space flight.Komarov was one of the most highly experienced and qualified candidates accepted into the first squad of cosmonauts selected in 1960. He was declared medically unfit for training or spaceflight twice while he was in the program, but his perseverance, superior skills, and engineering knowledge allowed him to continue playing an active role. During his time at the cosmonaut training center, he contributed to space vehicle design, cosmonaut training, and evaluation and public relations.", "Q443073": "Emma Frances Heming Willis (n\u00e9e Heming; born June 18, 1978) is an English-American model and actress.\n\n", "Q266080": "Sara Alexandra Lima Tavares (born 1 February 1978) is a Portuguese singer, composer, guitarist and percussionist. She was born and brought up in Lisbon, Portugal, where she still lives. Second-generation Portuguese of Cape Verdean descent, she composes African, Portuguese and North American influenced world music. She composes in Portuguese and Portuguese-based creole languages. Although Portuguese is the main language of her songs, it's not rare to find in her repertoire multilingual songs mixing Portuguese with Portuguese creole and even English in the same song (e.g.\"One Love\").\nTavares won the 1993/1994 final of the Endemol song contest Chuva de Estrelas (performing Whitney Houston's \"One Moment in Time\"), which helped her win the Portuguese Television Song Contest final in 1994, consequently earning a place in the 1994 Eurovision Song Contest, with the song \"Chamar a M\u00fasica\" reaching 8th place.\nShe's also known for singing the European-Portuguese version of \"God Help the Outcasts\" for the Disney movie \"The Hunchback of Notre Dame,\" which won a Disney award for the best version of the original song. She also won a Portuguese Golden Globe for Best Portuguese Singer in 2000.", "Q245671": "The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box is a 2014 fantasy adventure film directed by Jonathan Newman and starring Aneurin Barnard as the protagonist, Mariah Mundi. It also stars Michael Sheen, Sam Neill, Lena Headey, Ioan Gruffudd, Keeley Hawes, and Tristan Gemmill. The first in what was intended to be a film franchise. It was written by Christian Taylor and Matthew Huffman, and is based on the novel Mariah Mundi by G. P. Taylor.", "Q160307": "The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shia caliphate that spanned a large area of North Africa, from the Red Sea in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west. The dynasty of Arab origin ruled across the Mediterranean coast of Africa and ultimately made Egypt the center of the caliphate. At its height the caliphate included in addition to Egypt varying areas of the Maghreb, Sudan, Sicily, the Levant, and Hijaz.\nThe Fatimids (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646\u200e, romanized: al-F\u0101\u1e6dim\u012by\u016bn) claimed descent from Fatimah, the daughter of the prophet Muhammad. The Fatimid state took shape among the Kutama, Berbers located in the west of the North African littoral (in Algeria), in 909 conquering Raqqada, the Aghlabid capital. In 921, the Fatimids established the Tunisian city of Mahdia as their new capital. In 948 they shifted their capital to al-Mansuriyya, near Kairouan in Tunisia. In 969 they conquered Egypt and established Cairo as the capital of their caliphate; Egypt became the political, cultural, and religious centre of their empire that developed a new, indigenous Arabic culture.The ruling class belonged to the Ismai'li branch of Shi'a Islam, as did the leaders of the dynasty. The existence of the caliphate marked the only time the descendants of Ali and Fatimah were united to any degree (except for the final period of the Rashidun Caliphate under Ali himself from 656 to 661) and the name \"Fatimid\" refers to Fatimah. The different term Fatimi or \u201cFatimite\u201d by orientalist authors are sometimes used to refer to the caliphate's subjects.\nAfter the initial conquests, the caliphate often allowed a degree of religious tolerance towards non-Shia sects of Islam, as well as to Jews, Maltese Christians, and Copts. However, its leaders made little headway in persuading the Egyptian population to adopt its religious beliefs.During the late eleventh and twelfth centuries the Fatimid caliphate declined rapidly, and in 1171 Saladin invaded its territory. He founded the Ayyubid dynasty and incorporated the Fatimid state into the Abbasid Caliphate.", "Q88899": "Ludwig Philippson (28 December 1811, at Dessau \u2013 29 December 1889, at Bonn) was a German rabbi and author, the son of Moses Philippson, a printer, writer, teacher, translator, publisher and a member of Haskala, an intellectual movement dedicated to the modernisation of Jewish life and culture.\nLuwig published his first effort (published under his brother's name), a translation of the prophets Hosea, Joel, Obadiah, and Nahum, when he was fifteen years old.\nHe was educated at the gymnasium of Halle where his older brother Ph\u00f6ebus was studying medicine.\n1839 saw him continuing his education at the University of Berlin with a major in classical philology. As scholarships were not available to Jews and the family had exhausted their funds on educating Ph\u00f6ebus in medicine, Ludwig supported himself by tutoring and by doing literary work (some which became published).\nIn 1830 he translated and annotated the works of two Jud\u00e6o-Greek poets of Alexandria. A philological treatise on medical terms (Hyle Anthropine, 1831, etc.) which revealed his qualities as a scholar, and his versatility was emphasized by the publication in 1832 of a vindication of Spinoza.\nAfter graduating the University of Berlin at the age of 22 in 1833, he was invited to be a preacher/rabbi for the Magdeburg Jewish congregation. He was to remain in Magdeburg for the next 28 years.\nAfter being introduced to the Wolffstein family of five daughters in Magdeburg, he married the youngest, Julianne Wolffstein, in 1836. They were to have 3 daughters: Johanna, Bertha (1839) and Rosalie (1840). A son, Emil, was born in 1843 but died later in 1845.\nIn 1837 he founded the Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums (subtitled \u201ca non-partisan organ for all Jewish interests\u201d) in order to promote the interests of Judaism. It was the longest continuously published Jewish newspaper in Germany. Allgemeine is \u201cGerman Jewry\u2019s most important newspaper,\u201d and is one of the most frequently cited sources of nineteenth-century German Jewry.\nAllgemeine merged with the CV-Zeitung, the official publication of the Central Association of German Jews until the Nazis closed it down in November 1938 \nThe content of Allgemeine would be Jewish enlightenment and reform, the place of Jews in society and their emancipation. However, after the 1871 unification of German states and the establishment of the second Reich, Allgemeine began to respond to the pernicious increase in anti-Semitism. Philippson would continue to edit that journal until his death in 1889.\nTwo years later (1839) he began an annotated German translation of the Hebrew Bible, which he completed in 1853. It was yet another German-Jewish translation of the Bible, one of perhaps 20 dating back to the Moses Mendelssohn translation of 1780. The differences in the version created by Philippson was in that each page had the original Hebrew text in one column with a German translation in another column, each page contained a textual explanation, not only with a commentary on the biblical material but also a cultural commentary. Most notably in one version were illustrations by Gustave Dor\u00e9 with his English wood engravings - something shocking in a Hebrew Bible that forbids such images of animals, temples, pagan ruins and gods and much more. In keeping with the philosophy of his father Moses Philippson, a committed member of the Jewish intellectual movement Haskala dedicated to overcoming Jewish ignorance and religious formalism, Luwig's intention was that the bible would help to extend the minds of the Jewish readers to a wider world of experiences, lands, history.\nSigmund Freud\u2019s father, Jakob, knew the Hebrew Bible by heart and was a life long student of the Talmud. He eventually became influenced by the Jewish Enlightenment and subscribed to the publications of Ludwig and Ph\u00f6ebus Philippson. He substituted his classic Hebrew Bible with the illustrated and annotated version of the Hebrew/German Ludwig Philippson\u2019s Bible. This was the Bible he used to teach his son. When Freud was 35, his father had the Bible rebound and presented it to his son with the hope that he would return to the faith. There has been some discussion about how the Philippson Bible and the illustrations influenced Freud's collection of antiquities and the development of his intellectual pursuits.In a 1935 addendum to his \"An Autobiographical Study\" (1925 [1924]), Freud gave issue to the effect of reading this Bible had on him: \"My deep engrossment in the Bible story (almost as soon as I had learnt the art of reading) had, as I recognized much later, an enduring effect upon the direction of my interest.\" (p. 8).\nJulianne Philippson died in 1843 of lung tuberculosis.\nLudwig married again in 1844 to Mathilde Hirsch, the sister of the wife of his brother Julius. They were to have six children: Joseph (1840), Franz (1851), Richard (1853), Martin (1856), Alfred (1864).\nIn 1847 he published Die Entwickelung der Religi\u00f6sen Idee im Judenthum, Christenthum und Islam, which was followed by Die Religion der Gesellschaft, in 1848. Both of these works were translated into several languages.\nLudwig was elected in 1848 for his region of Saxony to the Frankfurt National Assembly. The very next year he became a member of the Saxony trade council.\nOn Feb. 12, 1855 Philippson published an article in Allgemeine proposing that a Jewish publication society be established. This led to the creation of the Institut zur F\u00f6rderung der isralitischen Literatur in Leipzig in May of that year. It started with a subscriber membership of 1200 and increasing to over 2000 by the end of the year. This entitled the member to copies of works published that year that had been selected by a committee consisting of Ludwig Philippson, Adolph Jellinek of Leipzig, and Isaac Markus Jost of Frankfort-on-the-Main (for which the authors received an honoraria).\nThat year the Austrian government prohibited anyone from become a member of the society and in 1858, while Philippson himself was on tour in Milan when he was expelled from Austrian territory. \nThrough the efforts of Ludwig, the society was to last another 18 years (with a membership as high 3000) and to publish eighty works in German on topics such Jewish history, science, poetry, fiction and biographies - including works by Ludwig and his brother Ph\u00f6ebus.\nWith poor health and failing eye-sight Ludwig was forced surrender his position as Rabbi in Magdeburg in 1862. He moved his family to Bonn where they first took up residence on the first floor of a gardener's house. The following year he purchased a residence on Gr\u00fcnen Weg, what now known as K\u00f6nigstrasse, where he would remain for twenty five year until his death. A further three generations would live in this house until it was taken by the Nazis.\nIn Bonn he continued to write historical novels and dramatic, religious, and historical works, prayer books, essays and to comment of political issues like the social status of Jews and their emancipation. He would continue with his role of editor of the Allgemeine. He was involved in the local Jewish community, supporting the building of a new synagogue and the establishment of a new Jewish graveyard - he, his wife Mathilde and many of his children and grandchildren would eventually be buried in this graveyard.\nThe geologist Alfred Philippson was his son.", "Q1211031": "Philippe Bianconi (born 27 March 1960 in Nice, France) is a French pianist.Bianconi studied at the Conservatoire de Nice with Simone Delbert-F\u00e9vrier and later in Paris with Gaby Casadesus and in Freiburg Vitalij Margulis. At the age of 17, he won first prize at the Jeunesses musicales competition in Belgrade; he went on to win first prize at the Cleveland International Piano Competition and the Silver Medal in the 1985 Van Cliburn Competition.\nSince his debut at Carnegie Hall in 1987 he has performed in major concert halls and festivals around the world. Apart from solo recitals and chamber music, he has performed with many leading orchestras and conductors. The Washington Post has described him as an artist whose playing is \"always close to the soul of the music, filling the space with poetry and life\". He has been appointed as the director of The Conservatoire Am\u00e9ricain de Fontainebleau in September 2014.", "Q110838": "Otto Falckenberg (5 October 1873 in Koblenz \u2013 25 December 1947 in Munich) was a German theatre director, manager and writer. In April 1901, he co-founded Die Elf Scharfrichter, the first political kabarett (a form of cabaret which developed in Germany from 1901).", "Q264867": "Najwa Nimri Urrutikoetxea (Spanish: [\u02c8na\u029dwa \u02c8nimri]; born 14 February 1972) is a Spanish/Jordanian actress and singer.", "Q1630": "Altona (German: [\u02c8altona\u02d0] (listen)) is the westernmost urban borough (Bezirk) of the German city state of Hamburg, on the right bank of the Elbe river. From 1640 to 1864 Altona was under the administration of the Danish monarchy. Altona was an independent city until 1937. In 2016 the population was 270,263.", "Q222832": "Herbert John Streicher (August 27, 1947 \u2013 March 19, 2013), better known by his professional pseudonym Harry Reems, was an American pornographic actor whose most famous roles were as Doctor Young in the 1972 pornographic cult classic Deep Throat and The Teacher in the 1973 classic The Devil in Miss Jones. Throughout the 1970s and into the mid-1980s he was one of the most prolific performers in the adult film industry. He retired from the industry in 1985.", "Q3511361": "William Herbert Gray III (August 20, 1941 \u2013 July 1, 2013) was an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who represented Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district from 1979 to 1991. He also served as chairman of the House Committee on the Budget from 1985 to 1989 and House Majority Whip from 1989 to 1991. He resigned from Congress in September of that year to become president and chief executive officer of the United Negro College Fund, a position he held until 2004.\nAs an African American, he was the fourth-highest-ranking member of the House at the time of his resignation and a minister in Philadelphia. He was co-founder of the government lobbying and advisory firm, Gray Loeffler LLC, headquartered in Washington D.C.", "Q45627": "Karl Felix Wolff (Italian: Carlo Felice Wolff; 21 May 1879 \u2013 25 November 1966) was a journalist, poet, author and self-taught folklorist of the South Tyrol who collected and published Ladinian legends.", "Q1190597": "Long Island City (LIC) is a residential and commercial neighborhood located on the extreme western tip of Queens, New York City, at the western edge of Long Island. It is bordered by Astoria to the north; the East River to the west; Hazen Street, 49th Street, and New Calvary Cemetery in Sunnyside to the east; and Newtown Creek\u2014which separates Queens from Greenpoint, Brooklyn\u2014to the south.\nIncorporated as a separate city in 1870, Long Island City was originally the seat of government of the Town of Newtown, before becoming part of New York City in 1898. Starting in the early 21st century, Long Island City became known for its rapid and ongoing residential growth and gentrification, its waterfront parks, and its thriving arts community. The area has a high concentration of art galleries, art institutions, and studio space.Long Island City is the eastern terminus of the Queensboro Bridge, the only non-tolled automotive route connecting Queens and Manhattan. Northwest of the bridge are the Queensbridge Houses, a development of the New York City Housing Authority and the largest public housing complex in the Western Hemisphere.\nLong Island City is part of Queens Community District 1 to the north and Queens Community District 2 to the south. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 108th Precinct. Politically, Long Island City is represented by the New York City Council's 26th District.", "Q88641": "Martin Leo Arons (15 February 1860 \u2013 10 October 1919) was a German physicist and social democratic politician. He was the namesake of the Lex Arons, a law which disallowed members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD) to teach at Prussian universities.", "Q7241": "Rabindranath Tagore ( (listen); born Robindronath Thakur, 7 May 1861 \u2013 7 August 1941), also known by his pen name \nBhanu Singha Thakur (Bhonita), and also known by his sobriquets Gurudev, Kabiguru, and Biswakabi, was a polymath, poet, musician, artist and ayurveda-researcher from the Indian subcontinent. He reshaped Bengali literature and music, as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Author of the \"profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse\" of Gitanjali, he became in 1913 the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore's poetic songs were viewed as spiritual and mercurial; however, his \"elegant prose and magical poetry\" remain largely unknown outside Bengal. He is sometimes referred to as \"the Bard of Bengal\".A Brahmo Hindu from Calcutta with ancestral gentry roots in Burdwan District and Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as an eight-year-old. At the age of sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the pseudonym Bh\u0101nusi\u1e43ha (\"Sun Lion\"), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long-lost classics. By 1877 he graduated to his first short stories and dramas, published under his real name. As a humanist, universalist, internationalist, and ardent anti-nationalist, he denounced the British Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As an exponent of the Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two thousand songs; his legacy also endures in the institution he founded, Visva-Bharati University.Tagore modernised Bengali art by spurning rigid classical forms and resisting linguistic strictures. His novels, stories, songs, dance-dramas, and essays spoke to topics political and personal. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced) and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) are his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimed\u2014or panned\u2014for their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism, and unnatural contemplation. His compositions were chosen by two nations as national anthems: India's Jana Gana Mana and Bangladesh's Amar Shonar Bangla. The Sri Lankan national anthem was inspired by his work.\n\n", "Q43256": "Belmont-sur-Yverdon is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q2875153": "Mohammed Aziz Djellouli (born Tunis, December 14, 1896 - died Rad\u00e8s, 1975) was a Tunisian politician and businessman. He served for a time as chairman of the Red Crescent in Tunisia, and an administrator of the Central Bank of Tunisia under H\u00e9di Nouira.", "Q104695": "Harry Blum (18. October 1944 in Lennestadt-Elspe, Sauerland; died 17. March 2000 in Cologne) was a German politician and member of the CDU. On 1. October 1999 he became the first directly elected mayor of Cologne, but he only held that office for six months when he died suddenly in March 2000.", "Q3938408": "Robert Rietti, ORI (born Lucio Herbert Rietti; 8 February 1923 \u2013 3 April 2015), was an English actor, voice actor, playwright and recording director of Anglo-Italian descent. With over 200 credits to his name, he had a highly prolific career in the American, British and Italian entertainment industries, supervising in and participating in the post-production dubbing both foreign and domestic, often overseeing the English-language dubbing of foreign actors' dialogue.", "Q1064402": "Sir Charles Fox (11 March 1810 in Derby, United Kingdom \u2013 11 June 1874) was an English civil engineer and contractor. His work focused on railways, railway stations and bridges.", "Q58110": "Nikola Poposki (born 24 October 1977 in Skopje) was Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Macedonia until 31 May 2017. Prior to that role, in 2010\u20132011 he served as the country's ambassador to the European Union.", "Q4882133": "Beldon Katleman (1914\u20131988) was an American businessman. He was the owner of El Rancho Vegas, a casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, where he invented the buffet for guests. He was an investor in two other casinos, the Frontier Hotel and the Silver Slipper.", "Q559771": "Mieczys\u0142aw Franciszek Rakowski ([m\u02b2e\u02c8t\u0361\u0282\u0268swaf ra\u02c8k\u0254fsk\u02b2i] (listen); 1 December 1926 \u2013 8 November 2008) was a Polish communist politician, historian and journalist who was Prime Minister of Poland from 1988 to 1989. He served as the seventh and final First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party from 1989 to 1990.", "Q320": "Ver\u00f3nica Michelle Bachelet Jeria (Spanish: [be\u02c8\u027eonika mi\u02c8t\u0283el \u03b2at\u0283e\u02c8le \u02c8xe\u027eja]; born 29 September 1951) is a Chilean politician who served as President of Chile from 2006 to 2010 and again from 2014 to 2018 for the Socialist Party of Chile, the first woman to occupy the position. After leaving the presidency in 2010 and while not immediately reelectable, she was appointed the first executive director of the newly created United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women. In December 2013, Bachelet was reelected with over 62% of the vote, bettering the 54% she obtained in 2006. She was the first President of Chile to be reelected since 1932.In August 2018, the United Nations nominated her to become the next High Commissioner for Human Rights, replacing Zeid Raad Al Hussein.Bachelet, a physician who has studied military strategy at university level, was Health Minister and Defense Minister under her predecessor, Ricardo Lagos. She is a separated mother of three and describes herself as an agnostic. Aside from her native Spanish, she also speaks, with varying levels of fluency, English, German, and Portuguese.", "Q315734": "John Houseman (born Jacques Haussmann; September 22, 1902 \u2013 October 31, 1988) was a Romanian-born British-American actor and producer of theatre, film, and television. He became known for his highly publicized collaboration with director Orson Welles from their days in the Federal Theatre Project through to the production of Citizen Kane and his collaboration, as producer of The Blue Dahlia, with writer Raymond Chandler on the screenplay. He is perhaps best known for his role as Professor Charles W. Kingsfield in the film The Paper Chase (1973), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He reprised his role as Kingsfield in the 1978 television series adaptation.\nHouseman was also known for his commercials for the brokerage firm Smith Barney. He had a distinctive English accent, a product of his schooling.", "Q295120": "Corey Todd Taylor (born December 8, 1973) is an American singer, songwriter, actor and author. He is known as the lead vocalist and lyricist of the bands Slipknot and Stone Sour.Taylor and Jim Root joined Stone Sour and re-started the band around 1995, playing in the Des Moines area, and working on a demo. He joined Slipknot in 1997 to replace their original vocalist and has subsequently released six studio albums with them. After the first two Slipknot albums went Platinum, Taylor revived Stone Sour to record an album and tour in 2002. He has worked with several bands, including Junk Beer Kidnap Band, Korn, Disturbed, Apocalyptica, Code Orange, Anthrax, Steel Panther, and Soulfly.", "Q92619": "Richard Wesley Hamming (Chicago, Illinois, February 11, 1915 \u2013 Monterey, California, January 7, 1998) was an American mathematician whose work had many implications for computer engineering and telecommunications. His contributions include the Hamming code (which makes use of a Hamming matrix), the Hamming window, Hamming numbers, sphere-packing (or Hamming bound), and the Hamming distance.\nBorn in Chicago, Hamming attended University of Chicago, University of Nebraska and the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, where he wrote his doctoral thesis in mathematics under the supervision of Waldemar Trjitzinsky (1901\u20131973). In April 1945 he joined the Manhattan Project at the Los Alamos Laboratory, where he programmed the IBM calculating machines that computed the solution to equations provided by the project's physicists. He left to join the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1946. Over the next fifteen years he was involved in nearly all of the Laboratories' most prominent achievements.\nAfter retiring from the Bell Labs in 1976, Hamming took a position at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, where he worked as an adjunct professor and senior lecturer in computer science, and devoted himself to teaching and writing books. He delivered his last lecture in December 1997, just a few weeks before he died from a heart attack on January 7, 1998.", "Q444734": "Marcia Ball (born March 20, 1949, Orange, Texas, United States) is an American blues singer and pianist raised in Vinton, Louisiana.Ball was described in USA Today as \"a sensation, saucy singer and superb pianist... where Texas stomp-rock and Louisiana blues-swamp meet.\" The Boston Globe described her music as \"an irresistible celebratory blend of rollicking, two-fisted New Orleans piano, Louisiana swamp rock and smoldering Texas blues from a contemporary storyteller.\"", "Q122134": "Placidus a Spescha (December 8, 1752 \u2013 August 14, 1833) was a Benedictine monk and early Alpine explorer born in Trun, near Disentis, in the valley of the upper Rhine in Graub\u00fcnden. He became a monk in 1774 in Disentis and went to Einsiedeln to complete his education.The rest of his life was spent in serving various cures in his native valley, though he suffered much at the hands of his brother monks, who could not understand his scientific tastes. In 1799 he was accused of being a spy (his climbs and maps were held suspicious) in favour of the French invaders, and, when the French did come, he had to give up to them all his scientific collections. In addition he had the dreadful experience of learning, soon after his departure, that his monastery, with all its most precious archives, including his own original collection, had been burnt by order of a French general so as to punish the peasants who dared to resist his advance.\n\nDespite all these disadvantages, Spescha achieved an extraordinary amount of success in his mountain explorations around his native valley. It is true that Spescha failed to attain the very highest summit, the T\u00f6di, although in 1788 he ascended the Stockgron (11,214 ft), close to it, and only 673 ft lower, while in 1824, sitting on the depression (close to the Stockgron and 863 ft lower than the Todi), now called the \"Porta da Spescha\", he had the satisfaction of seeing the two local chamois hunters that he had sent forward actually attain the loftiest point. Here are the names of some of his principal climbs -in 1789, the Rheinwaldhorn (11,149 ft), the highest summit around the sources of the Hinter Rhine, and, in 1806, the G\u00fcferhorn (11,132 ft.), the second summit of that region; in 1792, the Oberalpstock (10,926 ft), the highest point anywhere near Disentis; in 1793, the Piz Urlaun (11,060 ft), near the Todi; in 1801, Piz Aul (10,250 ft) and Piz Scharboda (10,250 ft); and in 1802, Piz Terri (10,338 ft), these three mountains being the culminating points in the ranges that rise to the north of the Rheinwaldhorn group. Oddly enough, he does not seem to have visited any of the higher peaks of the Medel group, but only its outliers, here again the dread of glaciers probably holding him back. In the course of all his climbs he rarely set foot on a glacier, though in 1812, on occasion of his second ascent of the Oberalpstock, he did cross the easy glacier Brunni Pass (8977 ft).The Raetian Museum in Chur contains part of his geological collection.", "Q4718428": "Alexander Brogden was born in Manchester on 3 November 1825, the second son of John Brogden (1798 \u2013 1869) and educated at Blackburn, New College Manchester and King's College London, where he read mathematics. He married Anne Garstang on 6 September 1848 at Manchester Cathedral. He joined his father's contracting business, John Brogden and Sons, in 1846. He had intended to join the Bar but was persuaded to support his father instead. Among his first work for the firm was the supervision of contracts for the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway, the Ashton Branch of the Manchester and Birmingham Railway and the East Lancashire Railway.In 1850 Brogdens took a lease of the South Staffordshire Line jointly with John McClean and Alexander managed this for about six years. During the building of the Ulverston and Lancaster Railway, Alexander supervised for the firm while James Brunlees was the Engineer. Alexander Brogden was the first chairman of the Solway Junction Railway, again with James Brunlees as the Engineer.With the sudden death of his elder brother John in 1855 and the increasing age of his father, it can be assumed that he gradually took control of the business in the late 1850s and assumed full control on his father's death in 1869. During the 1860s he and his wife resided at Holme Island, Grange-over-Sands, This is now in Cumbria but was then in North Lancashire.The Brogden family had a majority holding in the Ulverston Mining Co. in 1857. Alexander became the sole lessee in 1872.Brogden unsuccessfully contested Great Yarmouth as a Liberal in July 1865, but was elected as the first member for Wednesbury in December 1868 and represented that constituency for 18 years.In 1878 Brogden paid for the organ of West Bromwich Town Hall.In 1881 it was claimed that, when Parliament was not in session, he might be found in the space of 10 days in: Ulverston, Westminster, Cardiff, Paris, Holland and St Petersburg.Alexander Brogden's liquidation was announced in the London Gazette on 11 January 1884. This was owing to the failure of John Brogden and Sons. The Gazette entry gives many addresses: Queen Anne's Gate and Victoria Chambers, Westminster; Aberdare; Tondu; Meathop, Westmorland; Frampton Cotterell, Gloucestershire; The Hague; Cross Street, Manchester; 46 Dulwich Road, Herne Hill; Ulverstone; Grange-over-Sands; and Wellington, New Zealand.\nAlexander Brogden died at 88 Lansdown Road, Croydon on 26 November 1892 at the age of 67. The Times records that he had been ailing. He was sitting by the fire and accidentally fell against the grate while attempting to stir the fire, receiving severe burns. He left a widow and a married daughter. Alexander Brogden and his wife also had a son, James Garstang Brogden, who died before his father. He was born in 1850 and died in 1885.\n.", "Q85365": "J\u00f6rg Leichtfried (born 18 June 1967 in Bruck an der Mur, Styria) is an Austrian politician of the Social Democratic Party who has been serving as a member of the National Council since the 2017 elections. He previously served as Minister of Transport, Innovation and Technology in the government of Chancellor Christian Kern from 2016 until 2017.", "Q270812": "Concepci\u00f3n Velasco Varona OAXS MML (born 29 November 1939), known professionally as Concha Velasco (also Conchita Velasco), is a Spanish film actress, theater actress, singer, and television presenter. She was born in Valladolid and she moved to Madrid when she was 10 years old. She worked as a dancer with Manolo Caracol and with Celia G\u00e1mez.\nOn March 14, 2018 she announced that, after 64 years of career, the stage play El funeral will be her last.", "Q1586102": "The Niederbauen-Chulm is a mountain of the Urner Alps, overlooking Lake Lucerne in Central Switzerland. Its 1,923 metre high summit is located on the border between the cantons of Nidwalden and Uri.", "Q381627": "Lucien \"Lulu\" Gamblin (22 July 1890 \u2013 30 August 1972) was a French international football player. He spent his entire career playing for Red Star FC and captained the team to three straight Coupe de France titles from 1921\u20131923. Gamblin was also a France international and made his debut with the team on 23 April 1911 in a 5\u20132 defeat to Switzerland. His international career was put on hold due to World War I. Following the war's conclusion, Gamblin captained the team in his final nine appearances. After retiring from football in 1923, he became a sports journalist working for such newspapers as L'Auto and France Football.", "Q5456": "The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (Spanish: Cordillera de los Andes) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is 7,000 km (4,300 mi) long, 200 to 700 km (120 to 430 mi) wide (widest between 18\u00b0 south and 20\u00b0 south latitude), and has an average height of about 4,000 m (13,000 ft). The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina.\nAlong their length, the Andes are split into several ranges, separated by intermediate depressions. The Andes are the location of several high plateaus \u2013 some of which host major cities such as Quito, Bogot\u00e1, Cali, Arequipa, Medell\u00edn, Bucaramanga, Sucre, M\u00e9rida and La Paz. The Altiplano plateau is the world's second-highest after the Tibetan plateau. These ranges are in turn grouped into three major divisions based on climate: the Tropical Andes, the Dry Andes, and the Wet Andes.\nThe Andes Mountains are the highest mountain range outside Asia. The highest mountain outside Asia, Argentina's Mount Aconcagua, rises to an elevation of about 6,961 m (22,838 ft) above sea level. The peak of Chimborazo in the Ecuadorian Andes is farther from the Earth's center than any other location on the Earth's surface, due to the equatorial bulge resulting from the Earth's rotation. The world's highest volcanoes are in the Andes, including Ojos del Salado on the Chile-Argentina border, which rises to 6,893 m (22,615 ft).\nThe Andes are also part of the American Cordillera, a chain of mountain ranges (cordillera) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western \"backbone\" of North America, Central America, South America and Antarctica.\n\n", "Q465922": "The Gda\u0144sk University of Technology (GUT; Polish: Politechnika Gda\u0144ska) is a technical university in the Wrzeszcz borough of Gda\u0144sk , and one of the oldest universities in Poland. It has nine faculties and with 41 fields of study and more than 18 thousand undergraduate, as well as about 626 doctoral students. It employs 2768 people, including 1313 academic teachers.Some degree courses and various specialisations are taught in English. Moreover, some of the courses offered by GUT are unique in Poland, for instance ones in Construction Chemistry, Nanotechnology, Geodesy and Cartography, as well as Engineering of Natural Resources. \nStudents have access to specialist laboratories, lecture theatres with multimedia facilities, a library with 1.2 million volumes and various sports facilities. Undergraduates can also join one or more of 60 student science or language societies as well as other organisations. \nGUT is the first and only Polish university to be a member of the CDIO Initiative, founded by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in collaboration with Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden. CDIO aims to provide an education for engineers that enables them to \u201cConceive, Design, Implement and Operate\u201d pro-industrial technological systems.\nActive member of a number of university networks and associations, e.g. Baltic Science Research (coordination of nanotechnology research and education), Baltic University Network (Uppsala Protocol) and the Baltic Sea Region University Network.\nIn October 2015, the school became a member of CESAER. In 2016, it was listed as one of the 800 best universities in the world by Times Higher Education World University Rankings.With over nine people applying for one place at our university, GUT was ranked at the first position in this year's list of the most popular Polish universities. The ranking was published by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. GUT also ranked 4th among technical universities and 9th among all universities in Poland in the prestigious higher education ranking prepared by the \u201ePerspektywy\u201d Educational Foundation.Gda\u0144sk University of Technology has an international institutional accreditation EUA \u2013 IEP (European University Association \u2013 Institutional Evaluation Programme).", "Q217137": "Peter William Postlethwaite, OBE (; 7 February 1946 \u2013 2 January 2011) was an English character actor, who appeared in In the Name of the Father (1993), Dragonheart (1996), Romeo + Juliet (1996), Brassed Off (1996), Sharpe (1997), Amistad (1997), The Constant Gardener (2005), Clash of the Titans (2010), Inception (2010), and The Town (2010).\nAfter minor television appearances, including in The Professionals, his first major success arose through the British autobiographical film Distant Voices, Still Lives (1988). He had a transatlantic breakthrough when he portrayed David in Alien 3 (1992), and his international reputation was further solidified when he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for In the Name of the Father (1993). Following this role, he portrayed the mysterious lawyer Mr Kobayashi in The Usual Suspects (1995) and went on to appear in a wide variety of films.\nIn television, Postlethwaite played Sergeant Obadiah Hakeswill on Sharpe. He trained as a teacher and taught drama before training as an actor. Director Steven Spielberg called him \"the best actor in the world\" after working with him on The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997). He was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2004 New Year Honours list. Less than one month after his death, he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his performance in Ben Affleck's The Town (2010).", "Q364873": "William Thomas Berry (born July 31, 1958) is a retired American musician who was the drummer for the alternative rock band R.E.M. Although best known for his solid, economical drumming style, Berry also played other instruments including guitar, bass guitar, and piano, both for songwriting and on R.E.M. albums. After 17 years with the band, Berry left the music industry to become a farmer, and has since maintained a low profile, making sporadic reunions with R.E.M. and appearing on other artists' recordings.", "Q95610": "Petra Reski (born 1958, in Kamen) is a German journalist and author renowned for her anti-Mafia publications.", "Q112791": "Thomas Mitscherlich (11 December 1942 \u2013 18 March 1998) was a German film director and screenwriter. He directed ten films between 1972 and 1996. His 1993 film Just a Matter of Duty was entered into the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q122652": "Krabat is a 2008 German fantasy film directed by Marco Kreuzpaintner from a screenplay by Michael Gutmann and Kreuzpaintner, based on Otfried Preu\u00dfler's novel of the same name. The plot is about a boy, Krabat (played by David Kross), who learns black magic from a sorcerer (played by Christian Redl). A DVD-Video encode of the film is distributed in the United Kingdom as Krabat and the Legend of the Satanic Mill.It premiered in the US at the Seattle International Film Festival in 2009.", "Q207324": "Cuttack ( (listen)) is the former capital and the second largest city in the Indian state of Odisha. It is also the headquarters of the Cuttack district. The name of the city is an anglicised form of Kataka which literally means The Fort, a reference to the ancient Barabati Fort around which the city initially developed. Cuttack is also known as the Millennium City as well as the Silver City due to its history of 1000 years and famous silver filigree works. It is also considered as the judicial capital of Odisha as the Orissa High Court is located here. It is also the commercial capital of Odisha which hosts many trading and business houses in and around the city. Cuttack is also famous for its Durga puja which is the most important festival of Odisha and West Bengal. Cuttack is also the birthplace of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.\nThe old and the most important part of the city is centred on a strip of land between the Kathajodi River and the Mahanadi River, bounded on the southeast by Old Jagannath Road. The city, being a part of the Cuttack Municipal Corporation consisting of 59 wards. Cuttack stretches from Phulnakhara across the Kathajodi in the south to Choudwar in north across the Birupa River, while in the east it begins at Kandarpur and runs west as far as Naraj. Four rivers including Mahanadi and its distributaries Kathajodi, Kuakhai, Birupa run through the city. Further Kathajodi is distributed into Devi and Biluakhai which often makes the geographical area look like fibrous roots.\nCuttack and Bhubaneswar are often referred to as the Twin-Cities of Odisha. The metropolitan area formed by the two cities has a population of 1.862 million in 2018. Cuttack is categorised as a Tier-II city as per the ranking system used by Government of India.Cuttack an unplanned city, is characterized by a maze of streets, lanes and by-lanes which has given it the nickname of a city with Bauna Bazaar, Tepana Galee and i.e. 52 markets and 53 streets.\n\n", "Q85403": "Hubert Pirker (born October 3, 1948 in Gries) is an Austrian politician and a Member of the European Parliament. He is a member of the Austrian People's Party, which is affiliated with the Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) and European Democrats in the European Parliament.\nHe was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Subcommittee on Security and Defence, the temporary Committee on the alleged use of European countries by the CIA for the transport and illegal detention of prisoners, and the delegation for relations with the Korean Peninsula. He was also a substitute for the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs.\nAfter studying education and communication theory and receiving his diploma and doctorate, Hubert Pirker worked as a teacher of mathematics from 1967 to 1980. He worked as a professor of education at a teacher training academy and became head of research projects at the University of Klagenfurt and for the Ministry of Science. He then became a communication and management consultant.\nSince 1989, Pirker has served as Land chairman of the Austrian Employees' Federation. Between 1990 and 1994 he was the Austrian People's Party spokesman on security. He has been the Austrian People's Party spokesman on European Union security policy since 1996. From 1990 to 1994, Hubert Pirker served as a member of the Nationalrat. In 1999 he became the deputy head of the Austrian People's Party delegation to the European Parliament, the coordinator for home affairs and justice, and the European People's Party spokesman on security.\nHubert Pirker was previously a member during the 4th and 5th terms of the European Parliament, beginning in 1996. During this time, he served on the Committee on Civil Liberties and Internal Affairs, the Committee on the Rules of Procedure, the Verification of Credentials and Immunities, the delegation for relations with the Member States of ASEAN, South-east Asia and the Republic of Korea, and the Committee on Citizens' Freedoms and Rights, Justice and Home Affairs. In 2000 and 2001 he served on a temporary committee on the Echelon interception system. He substituted for the Committee on Social Affairs and Employment and the delegation for relations with Slovenia. He left the European Parliament in 2004 but became once again a member from 2006 to 2009. He once again entered the European Parliament in March 2011, replacing Ernst Strasser, who resigned after his involvement in the 2011 cash for influence scandal. Currently he is a member of the committees on Transport and Tourism and Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs.", "Q464382": "Marguerite-Fadhma A\u00eft Mansour Amrouche (c. 1882 in Tizi Hibel, Algeria \u2013 July 9, 1967 in Saint-Brice-en-Cogl\u00e8s, France) was a poet and folksinger.", "Q79860": "Huntsville is a city in the Appalachian region of northern Alabama. It is the county seat of Madison County but extends west into neighboring Limestone County and south into Morgan County.It was founded in 1805 and became an incorporated town in 1811. The city grew across nearby hills north of the Tennessee River, adding textile mills, then munitions factories, NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and the United States Army Aviation and Missile Command nearby at the Redstone Arsenal. The National Trust for Historic Preservation named Huntsville to its \"America's Dozen Distinctive Destinations for 2010\" list.The city's population was 180,105 in 2010, making it Alabama's fourth-largest city. Huntsville is the largest city in the five-county Huntsville-Decatur-Albertville, AL Combined Statistical Area. The Huntsville metropolitan area's population was 417,593 in 2010, making it the second most populous metropolitan area in the state. The Huntsville metro's population reached 462,693 by 2018.", "Q837347": "Drago Mlinarec (born 1942) is a Croatian rock musician who became known in Yugoslavia with a progressive rock band Grupa 220.", "Q353007": "Bon Jovi is an American rock band formed in 1983 in Sayreville, New Jersey. It consists of singer Jon Bon Jovi, keyboardist David Bryan, drummer Tico Torres, guitarist Phil X, and bassist Hugh McDonald. Previous bassist Alec John Such was dismissed in 1994, and longtime guitarist and co-songwriter Richie Sambora left in 2013.\nIn 1984 and 1985, Bon Jovi released their first two albums and their debut single \"Runaway\" managed to crack the Top 40. In 1986, the band achieved widespread success and global recognition with their third album, Slippery When Wet, which sold over 20 million copies and included three Top 10 singles, two of which reached No. 1 (\"You Give Love a Bad Name\" and \"Livin' on a Prayer\") Their fourth album, New Jersey (1988), was also very successful, selling over 10 million copies and featuring five Top 10 singles (a record for a hard rock album), two of which reached No. 1 (\"Bad Medicine\" and \"I'll Be There for You\"). After the band toured and recorded extensively during the late 1980s, culminating in the 1988\u201390 New Jersey Tour, Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora released successful solo albums in 1990 and 1991, respectively.\nIn 1992, the band returned with the double-platinum Keep the Faith. This was followed by their biggest-selling and longest-charting single \"Always\" (1994) and the album These Days (1995), which proved to be a bigger hit in Europe than in the United States, producing four Top Ten singles in the United Kingdom. Following a second hiatus, their 2000 album Crush, particularly the lead single, \"It's My Life\", successfully introduced the band to a younger audience. The band followed up with Bounce in 2002. The platinum albums Have a Nice Day (2005) and Lost Highway (2007) saw the band incorporate elements of country music into some of the songs, including the 2006 single \"Who Says You Can't Go Home\", which won the band a Grammy Award and became the first single by a rock band to reach No. 1 on the country charts. The Circle (2009) marked a return to the band's rock sound. The band also enjoyed great success touring, with both the 2005\u201306 Have a Nice Day Tour and 2007\u201308 Lost Highway Tour ranking among the Top 20 highest-grossing concert tours of the 2000s and the 2013 Because We Can Tour ranking among the highest-grossing of the 2010s. The band continues to tour and record, with their most recent album This House Is Not for Sale and its associated tour encompassing 2016\u201319.\nBon Jovi has released 14 studio albums, five compilations and three live albums. They have sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making them one of the bestselling American rock bands, and performed more than 2,700 concerts in over 50 countries for more than 34 million fans. Bon Jovi was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2006, and into the US Rock and Roll Hall Of Fame in 2018. The band received the Award of Merit at the American Music Awards in 2004, and Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora were inducted into Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2009.", "Q1341612": "Savoy Records is an American record company and label established by Herman Lubinsky in 1942 in Newark, New Jersey. Savoy specialized in jazz, rhythm and blues, and gospel music.\nIn September 2017, Savoy was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music.\n\n", "Q124223": "Johann Jakob Breitinger (1 March 1701 in Z\u00fcrich; 14 December 1776) was a Swiss philologist and author.\n\n", "Q833121": "Pierre-Andr\u00e9 Lefaucheux (30 June 1898 \u2013 11 February 1955) was a leading French industrialist and recipient of the Order of Liberation, awarded to heroes of France's Liberation during World War II.\nAs the first chairman of Renault during the critical years after World War II, Lefaucheux died in an automobile accident in 1955 at age 56 \u2014 while directing the development of the forthcoming Renault Dauphine.\nLefaucheux was the subject of the 2009 biography, Patron de Renault, Pierre Lefaucheux (1944-1955) by Cyrille Sardais.", "Q378282": "Great Guns is a 1941 film directed by Monty Banks, and produced by Sol M. Wurtzel for 20th Century Fox starring Laurel and Hardy. It is also known as Forward March.\n\n", "Q100395": "Tessa Mittelstaedt (born 1 April 1974 in Ulm) is a German actress. She is best known for playing the role of Franziska L\u00fcttgenjohann in the Westdeutscher Rundfunk iteration of Tatort, alongside Klaus J. Behrendt and Dietmar B\u00e4r.", "Q166010": "Major Merriweather (March 31, 1905 \u2013 February 23, 1953), better known as Big Maceo Merriweather, was an American pianist and singer. He was mainly active in Chicago through the 1940s.", "Q88127": "Ror Wolf (born Richard Georg Wolf, 29 June 1932 \u2013 17 February 2020) was a German writer, poet, and artist who also published under the pseudonym Raoul Tranchirer. He wrote audio plays, novels, and poems and made collages.", "Q65291": "Hallwil is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.\nThe Castle of Hallwyl is located in the neighboring municipality Seengen.", "Q1156": "Mumbai (English: , Marathi: [\u02c8mumb\u0259i]; also known as Bombay , the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. According to United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai was the second most populous city in India after Delhi and the seventh most populous city in the world with a population of 19.98 million. As per Indian government population census of 2011, Mumbai was the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.5 million living under Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Mumbai is the centre of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, the sixth most populous metropolitan area in the world with a population of over 23.64 million. Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2008, Mumbai was named an alpha world city. and has the highest number of millionaires and billionaires among all cities in India. Mumbai is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Elephanta Caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, and the city's distinctive ensemble of Victorian and Art Deco buildings.The seven islands that constitute Mumbai were originally home to communities of Marathi language speaking Koli people, who originated in Gujarat in prehistoric times. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire and subsequently to the East India Company when in 1661 Charles II of England married Catherine of Braganza and as part of her dowry Charles received the ports of Tangier and Seven Islands of Bombay. During the mid-18th century, Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea. Along with construction of major roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845, transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Bombay in the 19th century was characterised by economic and educational development. During the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. Upon India's independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as the capital.Mumbai is the financial, commercial and entertainment capital of India. It is also one of the world's top ten centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow, generating 6.16% of India's GDP and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (Mumbai Port Trust and JNPT), and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy. Mumbai's billionaires had the highest average wealth of any city in the world in 2008. The city houses important financial institutions and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations. It is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes. The city also houses India's Hindi (Bollywood) and Marathi cinema industries. Mumbai's business opportunities attract migrants from all over India.", "Q45141": "Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen (30 March 1818 \u2013 11 March 1888) was a German mayor and cooperative pioneer. Several credit union systems and cooperative banks have been named after Raiffeisen, who pioneered rural credit unions.", "Q233081": "Vanessa Lee Carlton (born August 16, 1980) is an American musician, singer and songwriter. Upon completion of her education at the School of American Ballet, Carlton chose to pursue singing instead, performing in New York City bars and clubs while attending college. Three months after recording a demo with producer Peter Zizzo, she signed with A&M Records. She began recording her album, which was initially unsuccessful until Ron Fair took over. She is currently endorsed by Orange Amps. \nHer debut single, \"A Thousand Miles\", reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2002. Her debut album, Be Not Nobody, followed and received a platinum certification in the United States. Her subsequent albums, Harmonium (2004) and Heroes & Thieves (2007), failed to match the commercial success of the first. She produced a fourth album, Rabbits on the Run (2011), independently before seeking a record label to release it. Carlton released a holiday EP titled Hear the Bells in November 2012, and released her fifth studio album, Liberman, on October 23, 2015.", "Q440234": "Dominique Lavanant (born 24 May 1944) is a C\u00e9sar Award-winning French film and theatrical actress. She is known for her comedy skills especially with posh and distinguished characters like Rosalind Russell's; characters often defined by the adjective BCBG, bon chic bon genre, and which refers to a particular stereotype of the French upper middle class \u2013 to be conservative in both outlook and dress.", "Q203142": "Ibn al-Farid or Ibn Farid; Arabic, \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0636 (`Umar ibn `Al\u012b ibn al-F\u0101rid) (22 March 1181 \u2013 1234) was an Arab poet. His name is Arabic for \"son of the obligator\" (the one who divides the inheritance between the inheritors), as his father was well regarded for his work in the legal sphere. He was born in Cairo to parents from Hama in Syria, lived for some time in Mecca, and died in Cairo. His poetry is entirely Sufic and he was esteemed as the greatest mystic poet of the Arabs. Some of his poems are said to have been written in ecstasies.The poetry of Shaykh Umar Ibn al-Farid is considered by many to be the pinnacle of Arabic mystical verse, though surprisingly he is not widely known in the West. (Rumi, probably the best known in the West of the great Sufi poets, wrote primarily in Persian, not Arabic.) Ibn al-Farid's two masterpieces are The Wine Ode, a beautiful meditation on the \"wine\" of divine bliss, and \"The Poem of the Sufi Way\", a profound exploration of spiritual experience along the Sufi Path and perhaps the longest mystical poem composed in Arabic. Both poems have inspired in-depth spiritual commentaries throughout the centuries, and they are still reverently memorized by Sufis and other devout Muslims today.", "Q494703": "Perfume (\u30d1\u30d5\u30e5\u30fc\u30e0, Pafy\u016bmu) is a Japanese pop girl group from Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, consisting of Ayano Omoto (\"Nocchi\"), Yuka Kashino (\"KASHIYUKA\") and Ayaka Nishiwaki (\"a-chan\"). The group has been signed with Amuse, Inc. since 2003 and with Universal Music Group since 2012.\nThe group was formed in early 2000 inside the young talent academy Actors School Hiroshima and debuted with their first Hiroshima-local single \"Omajinai Perori\" released on March 21, 2002. A year later they moved to Tokyo, started to work with Capsule's producer Yasutaka Nakata, and released their first nationwide indie single, \"Sweet Donuts\" on August 6, 2003. In 2005, they made a major contract deal with Tokuma Japan Communications and released their major debut single \"Linear Motor Girl\" on September 21.\nIt was not until 2008 when the group's seventh single \"Polyrhythm,\" which was chosen as the theme song of a recycle campaign by NHK, that they started to receive major attention in Japan. The single peaked at number seven on the Oricon charts, becoming their first Top 10 single in Japan, and since then, all of their subsequent works starting with their eighth single \"Baby Cruising Love\" have debuted within the Top 5 of the charts.\nPerfume's first original studio album, GAME, released on April 16, 2008, became their first number one album in Japan, and \"Love the World\", released on July 9, 2008, became their first number one single. With roughly combined sales of both singles and albums, the group has sold over 5 million records.\nThe group was formed with an original post-Shibuya-kei sound and later transitioned toward contemporary electronic dance music that incorporated elements of synthpop, bubblegum pop, dance-pop, techno, and house music. The group is also known for their heavily processed vocals, making clever use of autotune, Harmony Engine, and vocoders. Over the years, Perfume has been one of the most successful acts in Asian music. The group's musical structure has been identified as technopop.\nIn 2012 the group announced that they had signed a global contract with Universal Music Group, and that they expected to expand their horizons and \"go global.\" Their sixteenth major label single \"Spending All My Time,\" released on August 15, 2012, was seen as a dedication to fans overseas. Their fourth studio album LEVEL3 was released on October 2, 2013, and was soon followed by \"Sweet Refrain\" a month after, serving as the lead single for their fifth studio album COSMIC EXPLORER, which was released on April 6, 2016, and selected as one of \"20 Best Pop Albums of 2016\" by Rolling Stone. Their sixth studio album Future Pop was released on August 15, 2018.", "Q476792": "Korol' i Shut (The King and the Jester, Russian: \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0428\u0443\u0442) were a Russian horror punk band from Saint Petersburg that took inspiration and costumes from tales and fables. In Russia this band has an iconic status.", "Q467847": "Madame Gr\u00e8s (1903\u20131993) born Germaine \u00c9milie Krebs, also known as Alix Barton and Alix, was a leading French couturier of her generation and costume designer. She founded the former haute couture fashion house \"Gr\u00e8s\" as well as the associated perfume house \"Parfums Gr\u00e8s\" which still exists today in Switzerland. Remembered as the \"Sphinx of Fashion\", Gr\u00e8s was notoriously secretive about her personal life and was seen as a workaholic with a furious attention to detail, therefore she preferred to let her work do the talking. Called the \"master of the wrapped and draped dress\" and \"queen of drapery\", Gr\u00e8s is best known for her floor-length draped Grecian goddess gowns. Gr\u00e8s's minimalistic draping techniques and her attention and respect for the female body have had a lasting effect on the haute couture and fashion industry and she is credited for inspiring a number of recent designers.", "Q202248": "Sir Richard John Dalton (born 10 October 1948) was a senior member of the British Diplomatic Service until he retired in 2006. His assignments included British Ambassador to Libya and Iran. He is currently an Associate Fellow at Chatham House's Middle East and North Africa Programme. He was knighted in the 2005 Queen's Birthday Honours.", "Q572286": "The University of Sarajevo (Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian: Univerzitet u Sarajevu / Bosnian and Serbian: \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0443 \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0435\u0432\u0443) is a public university located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the largest and oldest university in the country, as well as the oldest institution of tertiary learning in the former Yugoslavia, tracing its initial origins to 1537 as an Islamic madrasa.With 20 faculties, three academies and three faculties of theology and with 30,866 enrolled students as of 2014, it ranks among the largest universities in the Balkans in terms of enrollment. Since opening its doors in 1949, a total of 122,000 students received bachelor's degrees, 3,891 received master's degrees and 2,284 received doctorate degrees in 45 different fields. It is now widely regarded as the most prestigious university in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and employs more than one thousand faculty members.\n\n", "Q2934669": "Camberwell College of Arts (formerly known as Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts) is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, and is regarded as one of the UK's foremost art and design institutions. It is located in Camberwell in South London, England, with two sites, located in Peckham Road and Wilson Road. It offers further and higher education programmes, including postgraduate and PhD awards. The College has retained single degree options within Fine Art, offering specialist Bachelor of Arts courses in painting, sculpture, photography and drawing. The College also runs graduate and postgraduate courses in art conservation and fine art as well as design courses such as graphic design, illustration and 3D design.", "Q392897": "The Polytechnic University of Turin (Italian: Politecnico di Torino) is a public university based in Turin, Italy. Established in 1859, it is Italy\u2019s oldest technical university. The university offers several courses in the fields of Engineering, Architecture and Industrial Design.", "Q378296": "Na Tum Jaano Na Hum (translation: Neither you nor I know) is a 2002 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film starring Saif Ali Khan, Hrithik Roshan, and Esha Deol. The film was directed by Arjun Sablok.\n\n", "Q72921": "George of the Palatinate (10 February 1486 \u2013 27 September 1529) was Bishop of Speyer from 1513 to 1529.", "Q272977": "Robert Hammond Patrick Jr. (born November 5, 1958) is an American actor and voice actor. Known for his portrayals of villainous characters, Patrick is a Saturn Award winner with four nominations.\nPatrick dropped out of college when drama class sparked his interest in acting, and entered film in 1986. After playing a supporting role in Die Hard 2 (1990), Patrick starred as the T-1000, the main antagonist of Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)\u2014a role he reprised for cameo appearances in Wayne's World (1992) and Last Action Hero (1993). Other film credits include Fire in the Sky (1993), Striptease (1996), Cop Land (1997), The Faculty (1998), Spy Kids (2001), Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003), Ladder 49 (2004), Walk the Line (2005), Flags of Our Fathers (2006), We Are Marshall (2006), Bridge to Terabithia (2007), The Men Who Stare at Goats (2009), and Safe House (2012).\nIn television, Patrick is known for his portrayals of FBI Special Agent John Doggett in The X-Files and Colonel Tom Ryan in The Unit, and has played ongoing roles in series such as The Outer Limits, The Sopranos, Elvis, Avatar: The Last Airbender, Burn Notice, Last Resort, Sons of Anarchy and From Dusk Till Dawn: The Series. In 2014 he was cast in the role of DHS agent Cabe Gallo in the CBS drama series Scorpion. He was also guest host on season two of GunnyTime.\nAllMovie journalist Tracie Cooper wrote that, by the conclusion of The X-Files in 2002, Patrick had developed a \"solid reputation within the industry\", with critics, fans and co-stars alike praising his \"work ethic, personality, and consistent performances.\" He was described by actor and director Jason Bateman as \"one of the great heavies.\"", "Q478967": "Aaron Wright North (born March 22, 1979) is an American musician. He was the co-founder and guitarist of punk band The Icarus Line, the lead guitarist of industrial rock group Nine Inch Nails, and vocalist/guitarist for Jubilee. North is noted for his chaotic and unconventional guitar approach, his use and command of feedback, and the flailing of his guitar wildly while on stage.\nHis reputation for being outspoken both on and off the stage resulted in equal criticism and praise from fans and music journalists, mainly due to his role as co-founder and owner of Buddyhead. More infamously, it also landed him in substantial legal trouble numerous times. The Buddyhead music website was an outlet for his ruthlessly opinionated writing, as well as the many notable interviews he conducted with the likes of Kevin Shields and Greg Ginn.\nNorth's creation of Buddyhead Records later extended to his recording and producing many of their bands. Among the groups he signed or issued releases from were At the Drive-In, Ink & Dagger, and The Dillinger Escape Plan.\nIn 2008, North suffered a nervous breakdown. During his subsequent hospitalizations due to mental illness and health issues, he determined his disapproval with the directions of Buddyhead and Jubilee were beyond repair. He ceased involvement completely with both soon after, and has not participated in any aspect of music since.", "Q789926": "Gy\u00f6rgy Bal\u00f3 (14 June 1947 \u2013 18 March 2019) was a Hungarian broadcast journalist and academic lecturer, who served as anchorman for various political talk shows of the Hungarian public television channel Magyar Telev\u00edzi\u00f3 (MTV) since the 1970s.", "Q3180857": "John A. Swanson is an American engineer, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Swanson is the founder of ANSYS, Inc., a John Fritz Medal winner, and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He is internationally regarded as an authority and pioneer in the application of finite-element methods to engineering.", "Q281627": "Kenneth E. Gaspar (born February 3, 1953), more commonly known as Boom Gaspar, is an American musician who has performed with the American rock band and rock and roll hall of fame inductee Pearl Jam as a piano/keyboard/organ player since 2002.", "Q554527": "B\u00e5rd Guldvik \"Faust\" Eithun (born 21 April 1974) is a Norwegian drummer and convicted murderer. He is best known for his work with early black metal band Emperor, especially on the releases As the Shadows Rise and In the Nightside Eclipse, and the murder of Magne Andreassen. He also writes lyrics for other bands, including Zyklon. In 2013, it was announced that Faust would return to Emperor as drummer for the 20th-anniversary tour of In the Nightside Eclipse in the summer of 2014. He has been the drummer for Blood Tsunami since 2005 and Djevel since 2017.", "Q1030721": "Naohiro Ikeda (\u6c60\u7530 \u5c1a\u5f18, Ikeda Naohiro, later Nakano \u4e2d\u91ce, born January 17, 1940) is a Japanese former volleyball player who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics and in the 1968 Summer Olympics.\nHe was born in Saga Prefecture.\nIn 1964 he was part of the Japanese team which won the bronze medal in the Olympic tournament. He played all nine matches.\nFour years later he was a squad member of the Japanese team which won the silver medal in the 1968 Olympic tournament.", "Q213345": "The Elusive Summer of '68 (Serbo-Croatian: Varljivo leto '68; Serbian Cyrillic: \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0459\u0438\u0432\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e '68) is a 1984 Yugoslav film directed by Goran Paskaljevi\u0107. It depicts a summer dominated by protests, as seen from the point of view of a teenage boy in Yugoslavia.", "Q65285": "Ernst Wilhelm Bohle (28 July 1903 \u2013 9 November 1960) was the leader of the Foreign Organization of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP; Nazi Party) from 1933 until 1945.", "Q1142": "Alsace (, also US: , French: [alzas] (listen); Alsatian: \u2019s Els\u00e0ss [\u02c8\u025bls\u0251s]; German: Elsass [\u02c8\u025blzas] (listen); Latin: Alsatia) is a cultural and historical region in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland.\nUntil 1871, Alsace included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort, which formed its southernmost part. From 1982 to 2016, Alsace was the smallest administrative r\u00e9gion in metropolitan France, consisting of the Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin departments. Territorial reform passed by the French legislature in 2014 resulted in the merger of the Alsace administrative region with Champagne-Ardenne and Lorraine to form Grand Est.\nDue to protests it was decided in 2019 that Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin would form the future European Collectivity of Alsace in 2021.\nAlsatian is an Alemannic dialect closely related to Swabian and Swiss German, although since World War II most Alsatians primarily speak French. Internal and international migration since 1945 has also changed the ethnolinguistic composition of Alsace. For more than 300 years, from the Thirty Years' War to World War II, the political status of Alsace was heavily contested between France and various German states in wars and diplomatic conferences. The economic and cultural capital of Alsace, as well as its largest city, is Strasbourg. The city is the seat of several international organizations and bodies.", "Q494717": "Exo (Korean: \uc5d1\uc18c; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean\u2013Chinese boy band based in Seoul, with nine members: Xiumin, Suho, Lay, Baekhyun, Chen, Chanyeol, D.O., Kai and Sehun. The band was formed by SM Entertainment in 2011 and debuted in 2012. Their music incorporates genres like pop, hip-hop, and R&B, alongside electronic dance music genres like house, trap, and synth-pop. Exo releases and performs music in Korean, Mandarin, and Japanese. The band ranked as one of the top five most influential celebrities on the Forbes Korea Power Celebrity list each year from 2014 to 2018, and have been named \"the biggest boy band in the world\" and the \"kings of K-pop\" by media outlets.\nSince 2014, Exo has exclusively performed as one group, while continuing to release and perform music in multiple languages. Previously, the band debuted with twelve members separated into two sub-groups: Exo-K (Suho, Baekhyun, Chanyeol, D.O., Kai, and Sehun) and Exo-M (Xiumin, Lay, Chen, and former members Kris, Luhan, and Tao). Exo-K and Exo-M performed music in Korean and Mandarin, respectively, until the release of their third EP Overdose in 2014. After the departures of Kris, Luhan, and Tao amid legal battles in 2014 and 2015, the band continued with the remaining nine members. Since 2016, Chen, Baekhyun, and Xiumin have also released music and performed as a sub-unit named Exo-CBX, and members Sehun and Chanyeol have promoted as a sub-unit named Exo-SC since 2019. All of Exo's members also maintain solo careers in fields including music, film, and television.\nExo's first album XOXO (2013), which contains the breakthrough hit \"Growl\", was a critical and commercial success. It sold over one million copies, making Exo the best-selling Korean artist in twelve years. Subsequent albums and EPs have also had strong sales, with all Korean studio albums each selling more than one million copies. Exo has won many awards for their albums, including five consecutive Album of the Year wins at the Mnet Asian Music Awards and two consecutive Artist of the Year wins at the Melon Music Awards. Exo's sixth album Don't Mess Up My Tempo (2018) is their highest-charting album on the US Billboard 200, debuting at number 23. It is also their best selling album with over 1.9 million copies sold in South Korea.\nSince Exo's first headlining tour in 2014, the band has performed over 100 concerts across four tours and has participated in multiple joint tours. Exo is also known for its work beyond music, which includes endorsement deals with brands such as Nature Republic and Samsung, and philanthropic efforts such as Smile For U, a joint SM Entertainment and UNICEF project that began in 2015, and in which Exo continues to participate.\n\n", "Q1293032": "Edward Mitchell Bannister (November 2, 1828 \u2013 January 9, 1901) was a Black Canadian-American Tonalist painter. Like other Tonalists, his style and predominantly pastoral subject matter were drawn from his admiration for Millet and the French Barbizon School.\n\n", "Q723703": "Joel Woolf Barnato (27 September 1895 \u2013 27 July 1948) was a British financier and racing driver, one of the \"Bentley Boys\" of the 1920s. He achieved three consecutive wins out of three entries in the 24 Hours of Le Mans race.\n\n", "Q429296": "MBK Entertainment (Hangul: MBK \uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8), is a South Korean entertainment company established in 2007 by Kim Kwang-soo. The label was formerly known as Core Contents Media, established on January 9, 2007 as the subsidiary label of CJ E&M Music.\nOn October 1, 2014, it was announced that Core Contents Media had been acquired by MBK Co., Ltd. (formerly CS ELSOLAR Co., Ltd.) and renamed as MBK Entertainment. MBK is an abbreviation for \"Music Beyond Korea\".\nThe label is home to artists like HIGHBROW, DIA, and formerly home to artists like T-ara, SG Wannabe, Seeya, Davichi and Shannon.\nIn May 2018, the label executive producer Kim Kwang-soo revealed that he had secretly partnership with PD Han Kyeong-cheon to form survival program The Unit: Idol Rebooting Project. He also confirmed that he would be focused as producer for winning group UNB and UNI.T.In October 2018, MBK and MBC launched a talent show titled Under Nineteen, a contest for male trainees under the age of 19 years old to compete for a spot to be in a new K-pop idol group 1THE9. The final winners would sign a 12-month contract under MBK after a 5-month contract with MBC.", "Q151870": "Runaway Jury is a 2003 American legal thriller film directed by Gary Fleder and starring John Cusack, Gene Hackman, Dustin Hoffman, and Rachel Weisz. It is an adaptation of John Grisham's 1996 novel The Runaway Jury.", "Q286148": "Manhasset is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York, on the North Shore of Long Island. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 8,080. As with other unincorporated communities in New York, its local affairs are administered by the town in which it is located, the Town of North Hempstead, New York, whose town hall is in Manhasset, making the hamlet the town seat.\nManhasset is a Native American term that translates to \"the island neighborhood\". In 2005, a Wall Street Journal article ranked Manhasset as the best town for raising a family in the New York metropolitan area. The Manhasset area, settled by 1680, grew quickly after it began being served by the Long Island Rail Road in 1898. The LIRR provides access to New York City via the Manhasset station with an approximately 40 minute commute to Penn Station. Express trains, which run during rush hour, make the trip in less than 30 minutes. The hamlet of Manhasset is located 19.5 miles (29.2 km) away from midtown Manhattan.\n\n", "Q519427": "The University of Denver (DU) is a private research university in Denver, Colorado. Founded in 1864, it is the oldest independent private university in the Rocky Mountain Region of the United States. DU enrolls approximately 5,600 undergraduate students and 6,100 graduate students. The 125-acre (0.51 km2) main campus is a designated arboretum and is located primarily in the University Neighborhood, about five miles (8 km) south of downtown Denver.", "Q218210": "Zoe Swicord Kazan (born September 9, 1983) is an American actress, playwright, and screenwriter. Kazan made her acting debut in Swordswallowers and Thin Men (2003) and later appeared in films such as The Savages (2007), Revolutionary Road (2008) and It's Complicated (2009). She starred in Happy. Thank You. More. Please. (2010), Meek's Cutoff (2010), Ruby Sparks (2012), and What If (2013). In 2014, she appeared in the HBO miniseries Olive Kitteridge, for which she received an Emmy nomination. She portrayed Emily Gardner in the film The Big Sick (2017), and in 2018 she appeared in the Coen brothers film The Ballad of Buster Scruggs.\nKazan has acted in several Broadway productions. She also wrote Ruby Sparks and co-wrote Wildlife (2018) with her partner, Paul Dano, who directed the film.", "Q41333": "Jacqueline Wong Sum-wing (Chinese: \u9ec3\u5fc3\u7a4e, born 23 January 1989) is an American-born Hong Kong Canadian actress, model, singer, spokesperson, and television entertainer under Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) management. She won the Miss Hong Kong 2012 first runner-up title and placed in the top 12 talents at Miss World 2013.", "Q3177561": "Maxime Laubeuf was a French maritime engineer of the late nineteenth century. He was born on 23 November 1864 at Poissy, Yvelines, and died on 23 December 1939 in Cannes, Alpes-Maritimes. \nLaubeuf was a pioneer in the design and building of submarines, and was responsible for a number of the innovations that led to modern submarine design. His work had a profound influence on the design of submersibles in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century.\nLaubeuf studied at the Ecole Polytechnique, and after graduating in 1883, he joined ENSTA, the French military's school of Marine Engineering.\nHe became an Assistant Engineer in 1887, and Engineer in 1891. During this time, he worked at Brest on the development of submersibles and designs for the first modern submarines in 1904. Two years later, he left the Navy to continue building submarines in private industry.\nIn 1896, the French government staged a design competition for a submarine of advanced capabilities. They required a 200-ton vessel with a surface speed of 12 knots and a 100-mile range, with a submerged speed of 6 knots and a 10-mile range. Laubeuf's design, Narval, was the winner out of 29 entries.\nLaubeuf determined that to run efficiently on the surface and submerged his submarine would need two separate power systems; most designers up to that point had tried to find a single system for both, with mixed success. The high surface speed demanded made a steam system necessary for surface running, while using an electric motor underwater. He also arranged to use the surface engine to re-charge the batteries for the electric motor whilst on the surface.\nLaubeuf also tackled the stability problem that beset submarine designs. The rounded pressure hull necessary to withstand the pressure at depth was a poor shape for sailing, making them unhandy on the surface and unstable submerged. Laubeufs's design had a double hull; an inner, rounded, reinforced hull to resist pressure, and an outer, boat-shaped hull to make the vessel seaworthy. These innovations were a leap forward in submarine design, and were adopted by navies around the world.Laubeuf became a member of the French Naval Academy and was elected member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1920.", "Q444046": "Er\u00e9ndira is a 1983 drama film directed by Ruy Guerra. The film script was written by Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez. The original script actually preceded his novella The Incredible and Sad Tale of Innocent Er\u00e9ndira and Her Heartless Grandmother published in 1972. The characters of Er\u00e9ndira and her grandmother had already appeared briefly in his book One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967). Garcia Marquez' recreated the screenplay from memory (the original was lost) for Guerra's film. Guerra incorporated elements from another Garcia Marquez story (\"Death Constant Beyond Love\") to meet his narrative needs in the subplot of Senator On\u00e9simo Sanchez.The film was an international coproduction involving Mexico, France and West Germany. It was shot in Spanish on locations in San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Zacatecas and in studios in Mexico. It was entered into the 1983 Cannes Film Festival and was selected as the Mexican entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 56th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "Q208003": "Not to be confused with Nikolai Vissarionovich Nekrasov.Nikolay Alexeyevich Nekrasov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432, IPA: [n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj \u0250l\u02b2\u026ak\u02c8s\u02b2ej\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 n\u02b2\u026a\u02c8kras\u0259f] (listen), 10 December [O.S. 28 November] 1821 \u2013 8 January 1878 [O.S. 28 December 1877]) was a Russian poet, writer, critic and publisher, whose deeply compassionate poems about peasant Russia made him the hero of liberal and radical circles of Russian intelligentsia, as represented by Vissarion Belinsky, Nikolay Chernyshevsky and Fyodor Dostoyevsky. He is credited with introducing into Russian poetry ternary meters and the technique of dramatic monologue (On the Road, 1845). As the editor of several literary journals, notably Sovremennik, Nekrasov was also singularly successful and influential.\n\n", "Q85417": "Paul Hinschius (25 December 1835 \u2013 13 December 1898), German jurist, was the son of Franz Sales August Hinschius (1807\u20131877), and was born in Berlin.\nHis father was not only a scientific jurist, but also a lawyer in large practice in Berlin. After working under his father, Hinschius in 1852 began to study jurisprudence at Heidelberg and Berlin, the teacher who had most influence upon him being Aemilius Ludwig Richter (1808\u20131864), to whom he afterwards ascribed the great utriusque juris, and in 1859 was admitted to the juridical faculty of Berlin. In 1863 he went as professor extraordinarius to Halle, returning in the same capacity to Berlin in 1865. In 1868, Hinschius became professor ordinarius at the University of Kiel, which he represented in the Prussian Upper House (1870\u20131871).\nHe also assisted his father in editing the Preussische Anwaltszeitung from 1862 to 1866 and the Zeitschrift fur Gesetzgebung and Rechtspflege in Preussen from 1867 to 1871. In 1872, he was appointed professor ordinarius of ecclesiastical law at Berlin.\nIn the same year he took part in the conferences of the ministry of ecclesiastical affairs, which issued in the famous \"Falk Laws.\" In connexion with the developments of the Kulturkampf which resulted from the \"Falk Laws,\" he wrote several treatises: e.g. on \"The Attitude of the German State Governments towards the Decrees of the Vatican Council\" (1871), on \"The Prussian Church Laws of 1873\" (1873), \"The Prussian Church Laws of the years 1874 and 1875\" (1875), and \"The Prussian Church Law of 14th July 1880\" (1881). He sat in the Reichstag as a National Liberal from 1872 to 1878, and again in 1881 and 1882, and from 1889 onwards he represented the University of Berlin in the Prussian Upper House.\nThe two great works by which Hinschius established his fame are the Decretales Pseudo-Isidorianae et capitula Angilrantni (2 parts, Leipzig, 1863) and Das Kirchenrecht der Katholiken and Protestanten in Deutschland, vols. i.-vi. (Berlin, 1869\u20131877). The first of these, for which during 1860 and 1861 he had gathered materials in Italy, Spain, France, England, Scotland, Ireland, the Netherlands and Belgium, was the first critical edition of the False Decretals.\nHis most monumental work, however, is the Kirchenrecht, which remains incomplete. The six volumes actually published (System des katholischen Kirchenrechts) cover only book i. of the work as planned; they are devoted to an exhaustive historical and analytical study of the Roman Catholic hierarchy and its government of the church. The work is planned with special reference to Germany; but in fact its scheme embraces the whole of the Roman Catholic organization in its principles and practice.\nUnfortunately even this part of the work remains incomplete; two chapters of book i. and the whole of book ii., which was to have dealt with \"the rights and duties of the members of the hierarchy,\" remain unwritten; the most notable omission is that of the ecclesiastical law in relation to the regular orders.\nIncomplete as it is, however, the Kirchenrecht remains a work of the highest scientific authority. Epoch-making in its application of the modern historical method to the study of ecclesiastical law in its theory and practice, it has become the model for the younger school of canonists. See the articles by Emil Seckel in Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklop\u00e4die (3rd ed., 1900), and by Ulrich Stutz in the Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, vol. 50 (Leipzig, 1905).\n\n This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Hinschius, Paul\". Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 515.", "Q123558": "The Flame of New Orleans is a 1941 comedy film directed by Ren\u00e9 Clair and starring Marlene Dietrich and Bruce Cabot in his first comedy role. The supporting cast features Roland Young, Andy Devine and Franklin Pangborn.\nIt was the last of three films Dietrich made with producer Joe Pasternak who called it \"in many ways, our most interesting.\"The movie was nominated for an Oscar for Best Art Direction by Martin Obzina, Jack Otterson and Russell A. Gausman.", "Q84709": "Ferdinand L\u00f6we (19 February 1865 \u2013 6 January 1925) was an Austrian conductor.", "Q248427": "Rosy Afsari (also Rosy Samad, 23 April 1946 \u2013 9 March 2007) was an actress in the Bangladeshi film industry. She was awarded the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress in its very first ceremony in 1975 for her role in the film Lathial. \n\n", "Q1805696": "S\u00e9bastien Leclerc or Le Clerc ([baptized] 26 September 1637\u2014 25 October 1714) was a French artist from the Duchy of Lorraine. He specialized in subtle reproductive drawings, etchings, and engravings of paintings; and worked mostly in Paris, where he was counseled by the King's painter, Charles Le Brun, to devote himself entirely to engraving. Leclerc joined the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in 1672 and taught perspective there. He worked for Louis XIV, being made \"graveur du Roi\" (attached to the Cabinet du Roi), doing engraving work for the royal house. Leclerc also engaged in periodic work as a technical draftsman and military engineer.\nOf his reproductive engravings, the connoisseur and chronicler of artistic life, Pierre-Jean Mariette, wrote in his Abecedario: \n\n\"If there has ever been an engraver who rendered himself celebrated in his profession, and who extended his capabilities beyond ordinary bounds, that is, without fear of contradiction: S\u00e9bastien Le Clerc\".", "Q325185": "Leonard Freed (October 23, 1929 \u2013 November 29, 2006) was an American documentary photojournalist and longtime Magnum Photos member.", "Q221491": "The Thin Red Line is a 1998 American epic war film written and directed by Terrence Malick. It is the second screen adaptation of the 1962 novel of the same name by James Jones, following the 1964 film; however, this film is not considered a remake. Telling a fictionalized version of the Battle of Mount Austen, which was part of the Guadalcanal Campaign in the Pacific Theater of World War II, it portrays soldiers of C Company, 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment, 25th Infantry Division, played by Sean Penn, Jim Caviezel, Nick Nolte, Elias Koteas and Ben Chaplin. The novel's title alludes to a line from Rudyard Kipling's poem \"Tommy\", from Barrack-Room Ballads, in which he calls foot soldiers \"the thin red line of heroes\", referring to the stand of the 93rd Regiment in the Battle of Balaclava of the Crimean War.\nThe film marked Malick's return to filmmaking after a 20-year absence. It co-stars Nick Nolte, Adrien Brody, George Clooney, John Cusack, Woody Harrelson, Elias Koteas, Jared Leto, John C. Reilly and John Travolta. Reportedly, the first assembled cut took seven months to edit and ran five hours. By the final cut, footage of performances by Bill Pullman, Lukas Haas, and Mickey Rourke had been removed (one of Rourke's scenes was included in the special features outtakes of the Criterion Blu-ray and DVD release). The film was scored by Hans Zimmer and shot by John Toll. Principal photography took place in the Australian state of Queensland and in the Solomon Islands.\nThe Thin Red Line received critical acclaim upon release. The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published, Best Cinematography, Best Film Editing, Best Original Dramatic Score and Best Sound. It won the Golden Bear at the 1999 Berlin International Film Festival. Martin Scorsese ranked it as his second-favorite film of the 1990s. On At the Movies, Gene Siskel called it \"the greatest contemporary war film I've seen\".", "Q83066": "Coloman the Learned, also the Book-Lover or the Bookish (Hungarian: K\u00f6nyves K\u00e1lm\u00e1n; Croatian: Koloman; Slovak: Koloman U\u010den\u00fd; c. 1070 \u2013 3 February 1116) was King of Hungary from 1095 and King of Croatia from 1097 until his death. Because Coloman and his younger brother \u00c1lmos were underage when their father G\u00e9za I died, their uncle Ladislaus I ascended the throne in 1077. Ladislaus prepared Coloman\u2014who was \"half-blind and humpbacked\", according to late medieval Hungarian chronicles\u2014for a church career, and Coloman was eventually appointed bishop of Eger or V\u00e1rad (Oradea, Romania) in the early 1090s. The dying King Ladislaus preferred \u00c1lmos to Coloman when nominating his heir in early 1095. Coloman fled from Hungary but returned around 19 July 1095 when his uncle died. He was crowned in early 1096; the circumstances of his accession to the throne are unknown. He granted the Hungarian Duchy\u2014one-third of the Kingdom of Hungary\u2014to \u00c1lmos.\nIn the year of Coloman's coronation, at least five large groups of crusaders arrived in Hungary on their way to the Holy Land. He annihilated the bands who were entering his kingdom unauthorized or pillaging the countryside, but the main crusader army crossed Hungary without incident. He invaded Croatia in 1097, defeating its last native king Petar Sva\u010di\u0107. Consequently, he was crowned king of Croatia in 1102. According to the late 14th-century Pacta conventa (the authenticity of which is not universally accepted by scholars), he was only crowned after having ratified a treaty with the leaders of the Croatian nobility. For centuries thereafter, the Hungarian monarchs were also the kings of Croatia.\nColoman had to face his brother's attempts to dethrone him throughout his life; \u00c1lmos devised plots to overthrow him on at least five occasions. In retaliation, he seized his brother's duchy in 1107 or 1108 and had \u00c1lmos and \u00c1lmos' son B\u00e9la blinded in about 1114. Hungarian chronicles, which were compiled in the reigns of kings descending from his mutilated brother and nephew, depict Coloman as a bloodthirsty and unfortunate monarch. On the other hand, he is portrayed as \"the most well-versed in the science of letters among all the kings of his day\" by the contemporaneous chronicler Gallus Anonymus. Coloman's decrees, which governed many aspects of life\u2014including taxation, trade and relations between his Christian and non-Christian subjects\u2014remained unmodified for more than a century. He was the first Hungarian king to renounce control of the appointment of prelates in his realms.", "Q104681": "Carl Ernst Julius Henrici (10 December 1854, Berlin \u2013 10 July 1915, D\u00f6beln) was a German grammar school teacher, writer, colonial adventurer and anti-Semitic politician.", "Q57237": "Walther Funk (18 August 1890 \u2013 31 May 1960) was a German economist and Nazi official who served as Reich Minister for Economic Affairs from 1938 to 1945 and was tried and convicted as a major war criminal by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. Sentenced to life in prison, he remained incarcerated until he was released on health grounds in 1957. He died three years later.", "Q124551": "Sabine Timoteo (born 25 March 1975) is a Swiss actress from the Lorraine district of Bern. She has appeared in more than thirty films since 2000.", "Q58104": "Antonio de Aguiar Patriota (born April 27, 1954 in Rio de Janeiro) is the current Ambassador of Brazil to Egypt and former Minister of External Relations. Patriota took office as foreign minister on January 1, 2011 and remained in office until August 26, 2013.\nA graduate in philosophy from the University of Geneva and later international relations by the Rio Branco Institute, Patriota has taken prominent positions within the foreign service such as Brazil's ambassador to the United States between 2007 and 2009, Deputy Secretary General for Political Affairs of the Ministry of External Relations, Cabinet Chief of Foreign Minister Chancellor Celso Amorim and Secretary General of the Ministry of External Relations. He was replaced as Minister of External Relations by Luiz Figueiredo. This replacement was caused by Patriota's deemed responsibility in the operation that transported Bolivian Senator Roger Pinto Molina from the Brazilian Embassy in La Paz to the Brazilian border. Senator Molina had sought refuge in the Brazilian Embassy for 15 months.", "Q334": "Singapore ( (listen)), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country located in maritime Southeast Asia. Singapore lies about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, and is situated off the southern tip of the Malay peninsula, and, by extension, the southernmost extremity of continental Eurasia. The island country is wedged between western Indonesia and peninsular Malaysia, sharing its southern maritime border with the Batam, Bintan, and Karimun archipelago of the former's Riau Islands province, and its northern, western, and eastern maritime borders with the latter's Johor state; it is additionally in the vicinity of Sumatra to its west and Borneo to its east. The island country is enveloped by the littoral waters of the Johore Strait to its north and the Singapore Strait to its south, and is geographically positioned within the confluence of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, being bounded by the Malacca Strait to its west and the South China Sea to its east. The country's territory, which is archipelagic, is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet, the combined area of which has increased by 25% since the country's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects.\nThroughout its millennia-long history, Singapore\u2014historically known by the names Pulau Ujong, Temasek, and subsequently Singapura\u2014was a maritime emporium that fell under the suzerainty of several successive Indianised and Islamicate Malay polities: initially a series of ancient to medieval Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empires, subsequently a medieval localised Hindu-Buddhist kingdom, and ultimately two medieval to early modern Islamic sultanates. The 1819 arrival of Stamford Raffles, a British colonial officer, and the subsequent establishment of a British East India Company trading post on the main island\u2014then part of the Johor Sultanate\u2014marked the genesis of modern Singapore. Five years later, the British and Dutch East India companies partitioned the Sultanate, with the British coercively wresting Singapore from the Sultan in the process, marking the cessation of indigenous rule over the island for the first time in its history. In 1826, Singapore was incorporated into the Straits Settlements, a pan-Malayan presidency of the Company with Penang as capital, and in 1830, the Settlements were annexed to British India as a residency, where they would be governed from the capital of Calcutta under two administrations\u2014until 1858 under Company rule, and\u2014following the Company's collapse in the wake of the 1857 Indian Rebellion\u2014until 1867 under the successive British Raj. In 1867, the administration of the Settlements was transferred to London, bringing them under the direct control of the United Kingdom as a Malayan crown colony.From 1867 to the 1940s, Singapore, having taken over Penang as capital of the Settlements, grew into a thriving entrep\u00f4t and settler-colony under the auspices of the British Empire, attracting large numbers of non-indigenous settlers and sojourners from the region and beyond. During the Second World War, Imperial Japan invaded and annexed Singapore, resulting in an interregnum of British colonial rule corresponding with a brief but bloody Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945. Following Japan's surrender in 1945, Singapore was returned to British control; in 1946, the Straits Settlements were dissolved, and Singapore became a standalone crown colony. In 1959, following a protracted period of agitation against colonial rule, Singapore was granted limited autonomy; in 1963, it became fully emancipated from the British Empire upon its federation with the territories of the erstwhile British Malaya and British Borneo to form the new country of Malaysia. However, after two tumultuous years as a constituent state of the Malaysian Federation, marred by violent ethnoreligious strife and other intractable differences between indigenous and non-indigenous groups, Singapore was expelled in 1965, becoming the first country in modern history to gain independence against its will\u2014although this narrative remains contentious. After early years of turbulence, the newly sovereign nation\u2014viewed as a nonviable state by international observers due to its diminutiveness, geostrategic vulnerability, absence of natural resources, and lack of a hinterland\u2014defied odds by rapidly developing and industrialising under the leadership of the inaugural People's Action Party to become a high-income economy and developed country within a single generation.\nSingapore is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic with a unicameral legislature that has been characterised by dominant-party rule since independence. It is considered a soft authoritarian technocratic state; the Economist Intelligence Unit rated Singapore a \"flawed democracy\" in 2019. It is the only truly sovereign city-state in the world; it has its own currency and a well-funded military that is considered the most advanced in Southeast Asia. The country is home to 5.6 million residents, 61% (3.4 million) of whom are Singaporeans; as a legacy of its historical nature as an entrep\u00f4t and settler-colony, modern Singapore is a pluralistic country with a racially, culturally, and religiously diverse citizenry, with one indigenous ethnic group, the Malays, and two settler-descended ethnic groups, the Chinese and Indians, forming the historical and contemporary core of the citizen populace. As a reflection of this pluralism, multiracialism has been enshrined as a foundational principle of the state, and has shaped the country's politics and national policies. The country, which is Anglophone, has four official languages: English, Malay, Chinese, and Tamil; Malay, as the ancestral language of the country, is accorded protected status in the country's constitution as the national language, while English is the lingua franca, being spoken as a common tongue by the vast majority of Singaporeans. \nSingapore is one of the five founding members of ASEAN, is the headquarters of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Secretariat and Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) Secretariat, is a member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, East Asia Summit, Non-Aligned Movement, and the Commonwealth of Nations, and is a recurrent guest invitee to the annual G20 summit; its outsized influence on global affairs, relative to its size, has lead to it being classified as a middle power. The country is the most developed sovereign nation in Asia, being ranked 9th on the UN Human Development Index, and has the 7th highest GDP per capita in the world. It is also considered by Transparency International to be the most incorruptible nation in Asia, and the fifth most incorruptible worldwide. Singapore is placed highly in key social indicators: education, healthcare, quality of life, personal safety and housing, with a home-ownership rate of 91%. Singaporeans enjoy one of the world's longest life expectancies and one of the lowest infant mortality rates in the world. As a city, Singapore is classified as an Alpha+ global city, and is the only country in Asia with an AAA sovereign rating from all major rating agencies. It is a major financial and shipping hub, consistently ranked the most expensive city to live in since 2013, and has been identified as a tax haven. Singapore is also a popular tourist destination, with well-known landmarks such as the Merlion, Marina Bay Sands, Gardens by the Bay, the Jewel, the Orchard Road shopping belt, the resort island of Sentosa, and the Singapore Botanic Gardens, the only tropical garden in the world to be honoured as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "Q258152": "Carmen Villalobos (born Yorley del Carmen Villalobos Barrios, on July 13, 1983) is a Colombian actress and model.", "Q3033": "G\u00f6ttingen (, also US: , German: [\u02c8\u0261\u0153t\u026a\u014b\u0259n] (listen); Low German: Ch\u00f6ttingen) is a university city in Lower Saxony, Germany, the capital of the eponymous district. It is run through by River Leine. At the start of 2017, the population was 134,212.", "Q3417076": "Radley College (formally St Peter's College, Radley) is a boys' public school (independent boarding school) near Radley, Oxfordshire, England, which was founded in 1847. The school covers 800 acres (3.2 km2) including playing fields, a golf course, a lake, and farmland.\nIt is one of four boys-only, boarding-only independent secondary schools in the United Kingdom, the others being Winchester, Harrow and Eton. The five other public schools listed in the Public Schools Act 1868 have since become co-educational: Rugby (1976), Charterhouse (1971), Westminster (1973), Wellington (2005), and Shrewsbury (2014). For the academic year 2015/16, Radley charged boarders up to \u00a311,475 per term, making it the 19th most expensive HMC (Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference) boarding school.", "Q344209": "\u0130smail Yurtseven (born July 5, 1978), better known by his stage name \u0130smail YK, is a Turkish Pop-Arabesque singer and composer. YK stands for Yurtseven Karde\u015fler, the siblings group he was a member of at the start of his career. A number of his albums have been top sellers in Turkey. His first solo album \u015eappur \u015euppur sold 1.2 million copies. In 2006 his second album Bombabomba.com was the best selling Turkish album with over 600,000 copies. In 2008, his third album Bas Gaza sold 450,000 copies. \u0130smail YK has won many awards including Best Turkish Arabesque-Fantasy singer that he won 3 times consecutively in 2006, 2007 and 2008.\n\u0130smail YK, who accelerated his works after a long break, released his album K\u0131yamet on Valentine's Day 2015. The album consisted of 12 songs, including the song \"Yaral\u0131y\u0131m\" from the album Haydi Bast\u0131r which was rerecorded with Hatice. The song \"\u00c7\u0131kmam Seneye\" which he had written at the age of 12 was included in the album as well.\u0130smail YK rerecorded the rock version of the song \"Allah Belan\u0131 Versin\" (2006) and released a music video for it. In its 2006 music video he used an Alfa Romeo while for the new music video he used a Ferrari car. The songs and its music video were among the most discussed subjects on music news in Turkey within the first 3 days of its release. As to why he damaged the car in the music video he said that \"he wanted to send this message that instead of hurting someone it's better to cause damage to materialistic things\".", "Q4883239": "Bell Records was an American record label founded in 1952 in New York City by Arthur Shimkin, the owner of the children's record label Golden Records, and initially a unit of Pocket Books, after the rights to the name were acquired from Benny Bell who used the Bell name to issue risque novelty records. A British branch was also active in the 1960s and 1970s. Bell Records was reorganized in November 1974, which was the birth of Arista Records.", "Q104859": "Michael Collins (born October 31, 1930) is an American former astronaut who flew the Apollo 11 command module Columbia around the Moon while his crewmates, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, made the first crewed landing on the surface. He was a test pilot and major general in the US Air Force Reserves.\nSelected as part of NASA's third group of fourteen astronauts in 1963, Collins flew in space twice. His first spaceflight was on Gemini 10 in 1966, in which he and Command Pilot John Young performed orbital rendezvous with two different spacecraft and undertook two extravehicular activities (EVAs, also known as spacewalks). On the 1969 Apollo 11 mission he became one of 24 people to fly to the Moon, which he orbited thirty times. He was the fourth person (and third American) to perform a spacewalk, the first person to have performed more than one spacewalk, and, after Young, who flew the command module on Apollo 10, the second person to orbit the Moon alone.\nPrior to becoming an astronaut, Collins graduated from the United States Military Academy with the class of 1952. He joined the United States Air Force, and flew F-86 Sabre fighters at Chambley-Bussi\u00e8res Air Base, France. He was accepted into the U.S. Air Force Experimental Flight Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base in 1960.\nAfter retiring from NASA in 1970, Collins took a job in the Department of State as Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs. A year later, he became the director of the National Air and Space Museum, and held this position until 1978, when he stepped down to become undersecretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In 1980, he took a job as vice president of LTV Aerospace. He resigned in 1985 to start his own consulting firm. Along with his Apollo 11 crewmates, Collins was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969 and the Congressional Gold Medal in 2011.\n\n", "Q49009": "Joel Thomas Zimmerman (born January 5, 1981), known professionally as Deadmau5 (stylized as deadmau5; pronounced \"dead mouse\"), is a Canadian electronic music producer, DJ, and musician. Zimmerman mainly produces progressive house music and sometimes other forms of electronic music. His works have been included in compilation albums such as Ti\u00ebsto's In Search of Sunrise 6: Ibiza and presented on Armin van Buuren's A State of Trance radio show.\nZimmerman has received six Grammy Award nominations for his work. He has worked with other DJs and producers, such as Kaskade, MC Flipside, Rob Swire and Wolfgang Gartner. He has also collaborated with Steve Duda under the group name BSOD (Better Sounding On Drugs), and was part of the group named WTF? with Duda, Tommy Lee, and DJ Aero. In 2007, he founded his own record label, Mau5trap. Deadmau5 is currently one of the highest paid electronic music producers in the world, and is a masked music artist similar to Marshmello and Daft Punk.In 2000, an early 12\" single produced on vinyl titled \"I Don't Want No Other\" was released by Joel Zimmerman and Derek Caesar under the group name Dred and Karma. A 2006 compilation album titled Deadmau5 Circa 1998\u20132002 was self-released under the alias Halcyon441. His debut studio album, Get Scraped was released in 2005, with follow-up Vexillology in 2006. His breakthrough, Random Album Title, was released in 2008 and was certified gold in Canada, and silver the United Kingdom. The album includes seminal release \"Faxing Berlin\", \"Not Exactly\", and moderate chart hit \"I Remember\" (with Kaskade). In 2009, his fourth studio album For Lack of a Better Name was released to critical acclaim, featuring Rob Swire collaboration \"Ghosts 'n' Stuff\", \"Hi Friend\", and the critically acclaimed \"Strobe\". His fifth studio album, 4\u00d74=12, released in late 2010, supported by singles \"Some Chords\", \"Animal Rights\", \"Sofi Needs a Ladder\", and \"Raise Your Weapon\".\nIn 2012, Zimmerman released singles \"The Veldt\" and \"Professional Griefers\" (featuring Gerard Way) to commercial success. These singles were featured on his sixth studio album, Album Title Goes Here. Following departure from long-time label Ultra Records, Zimmerman released his seventh studio album, While(1<2) through Astralwerks and Virgin EMI in 2014. The album's release was supported by its four singles; \"Avaritia\", \"Seeya\", \"Infra Turbo Pigcart Racer\", and \"Phantoms Can't Hang\". After a brief hiatus, Zimmerman's eighth studio album, W:/2016Album/ was released in late 2016, with singles \"Snowcone\" and \"Let Go\".", "Q333081": "Lucien Rosengart (11 January 1881 in Paris, France \u2013 27 July 1976) was a French engineer.\nHis early life was shaped by carriages and the advance of the automobile age. He first started working as a mechanic at the age of 12, and by age 24 he had a machine shop in Belleville and several patents to his credit. By 1914 his products included railway parts, bicycle parts, and a rocket that allowed artillery shells to be exploded while airborne. This attracted the attention of the French Government and they set him up with two factories, one in Paris and one in Saint-Brieuc - at this point he began working with Andre Citro\u00ebn's company, which provided the shells. By the end of the first world war, he'd become a skilled businessman and helped both Peugeot and Citro\u00ebn stave off bankruptcy. Involvement with these companies led Rosengart to think of building his own car. He was already making bicycles.", "Q4275369": "Igor Viktorovich Makarov (born 5 April 1962) is the President of ARETI International Group (formerly known as ITERA International Group).", "Q55420": "Alfred Zinnemann (April 29, 1907 \u2013 March 14, 1997) was an Austrian-born American film director. He won four Academy Awards for directing films in various genres, including thrillers, westerns, film noir and play adaptations. He made 25 feature films during his 50-year career.\nHe was among the first directors to insist on using authentic locations and for mixing stars with civilians to give his films more realism. Within the film industry, he was considered a maverick for taking risks and thereby creating unique films, with many of his stories being dramas about lone and principled individuals tested by tragic events. According to one historian, Zinnemann's style demonstrated his sense of \"psychological realism and his apparent determination to make worthwhile pictures that are nevertheless highly entertaining.\"\nAmong his films were The Search (1947), The Men (1950), High Noon (1952), From Here to Eternity (1953), Oklahoma! (1955), The Nun's Story (1959), A Man For All Seasons (1966), The Day of the Jackal (1973), and Julia (1977). His films have received 65 Oscar nominations, winning 24.\nZinnemann directed and introduced a number of stars in their U.S. film debuts, including Marlon Brando, Rod Steiger, Pier Angeli, Julie Harris, Brandon deWilde, Montgomery Clift, Shirley Jones and Meryl Streep. He directed 19 actors to Oscar nominations, including Frank Sinatra, Montgomery Clift, Audrey Hepburn, Glynis Johns, Paul Scofield, Robert Shaw, Wendy Hiller, Jason Robards, Vanessa Redgrave, Jane Fonda, Gary Cooper and Maximilian Schell.", "Q1094097": "Lauren Christy (born 19 November 1967) is an English singer, songwriter and record producer. Originally a solo artist, she found success as part of the writing production trio The Matrix. The Matrix received numerous Grammy nominations including best producer.", "Q192185": "Aaron Copland (, KOHP-l\u0259nd; November 14, 1900 \u2013 December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music. Copland was referred to by his peers and critics as \"the Dean of American Composers\". The open, slowly changing harmonies in much of his music are typical of what many people consider to be the sound of American music, evoking the vast American landscape and pioneer spirit. He is best known for the works he wrote in the 1930s and 1940s in a deliberately accessible style often referred to as \"populist\" and which the composer labeled his \"vernacular\" style. Works in this vein include the ballets Appalachian Spring, Billy the Kid and Rodeo, his Fanfare for the Common Man and Third Symphony. In addition to his ballets and orchestral works, he produced music in many other genres, including chamber music, vocal works, opera and film scores.\nAfter some initial studies with composer Rubin Goldmark, Copland traveled to Paris, where he first studied with Isidor Philipp and Paul Vidal, then with noted pedagogue Nadia Boulanger. He studied three years with Boulanger, whose eclectic approach to music inspired his own broad taste. Determined upon his return to the U.S. to make his way as a full-time composer, Copland gave lecture-recitals, wrote works on commission and did some teaching and writing. However, he found that composing orchestral music in the modernist style, which he had adopted while studying abroad, was a financially-contradictory approach, particularly in light of the Great Depression. He shifted in the mid-1930s to a more accessible musical style which mirrored the German idea of Gebrauchsmusik (\"music for use\"), music that could serve utilitarian and artistic purposes. During the Depression years, he traveled extensively to Europe, Africa, and Mexico, formed an important friendship with Mexican composer Carlos Ch\u00e1vez and began composing his signature works.\nDuring the late 1940s, Copland became aware that Stravinsky and other fellow composers had begun to study Arnold Schoenberg's use of twelve-tone (serial) techniques. After he had been exposed to the works of French composer Pierre Boulez, he incorporated serial techniques into his Piano Quartet (1950), Piano Fantasy (1957), Connotations for orchestra (1961) and Inscape for orchestra (1967). Unlike Schoenberg, Copland used his tone rows in much the same fashion as his tonal material\u2014as sources for melodies and harmonies, rather than as complete statements in their own right, except for crucial events from a structural point of view. From the 1960s onward, Copland's activities turned more from composing to conducting. He became a frequent guest conductor of orchestras in the U.S. and the UK and made a series of recordings of his music, primarily for Columbia Records.", "Q743791": "Muhai Tang (simplified Chinese: \u6c64\u6c90\u6d77; traditional Chinese: \u6e6f\u6c90\u6d77; pinyin: T\u0101ng M\u00f9h\u01cei; born 1949 in Shanghai) is a Chinese conductor. He is the youngest son of celebrated Chinese film director Tang Xiaodan and brother of painter and poet Tang Muli.\nTang initially learned music with his parents, and later studied composition and conducting at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, receiving his diploma in both. He furthered his studies in conducting with Hermann Michael at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik in Munich, Germany.\nHis international career started when Herbert von Karajan invited him to conduct the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra during the 1983-1984 season. This invitation was later renewed. He was the chief conductor of the Gulbenkian Orchestra in Lisbon from 1988 until 2001. From 1991 to 1995, he was chief conductor of DePhilharmonie (Royal Philharmonic Orchestra of Flanders). He made his US debut with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra in 1988.\nTang was chief conductor of the Queensland Symphony Orchestra (QSO), the last chief conductor prior to the orchestra's renaming as the Queensland Orchestra. In November 2005, he became the orchestra's conductor laureate.From 2003 to 2006, Tang served as Chief Conductor of the Finnish National Opera. From 2006 to 2011, Tang was artistic director and principal conductor of the Z\u00fcrcher Kammerorchester (Zurich Chamber Orchestra), and became principal guest conductor in 2011. From 2010 until 2015, he was chief conductor of the Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra.\nAs conductor, he was awarded the 2002 Grammy Award for Best Classical Contemporary Composition for Christopher Rouse's Concert de Gaud\u00ed.", "Q379836": "Liang Qichao (Chinese: \u6881\u5553\u8d85; Cantonese: L\u00e8uhng K\u00e1i-ch\u012bu; 23 February 1873 \u2013 19 January 1929), also known as Liang Ch'i-Ch'ao; courtesy name Zhuoru, art name Rengong, was a Chinese historian, journalist, philosopher, and politician who lived during the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China. He inspired Chinese scholars with his writings and reform movements.", "Q158854": "Cassius Fairchild (December 16, 1829 \u2013 October 24, 1868) was a Wisconsin businessman, politician, and Union Army officer in the American Civil War. He was the brother of Lucius Fairchild, the 10th Governor of Wisconsin.", "Q1444531": "Frank Windsol Culley (August 17, 1917 \u2013 April 15, 1991), sometimes credited as Frank \"Floorshow\" Culley, was an American R&B saxophonist and bandleader who recorded successfully from the 1940s and was the first leader of the Atlantic Records house band.\nHe was born in Petsworth, Gloucester County, Virginia (though some sources give Salisbury, Maryland), and grew up in Norfolk. He learned to play the tenor saxophone, and began playing in local bands before turning professional as a member of Johnson's Happy Pals in Richmond. In the mid-1940s he formed his own band, and began recording accompaniments for artists including Wynonie Harris, on several small labels, before joining Atlantic Records as their house band leader in 1948. His band backed many of Atlantic's most successful R&B artists of the period, with the recordings often featuring Culley's pianist, Harry Van Walls. He also recorded under his own name, having a #11 R&B hit in 1949 with his version of the instrumental \"Cole Slaw\", originally written (as \"Sorghum Switch\") by Jesse Stone and also recorded by Louis Jordan. The follow-up, \"Floorshow\", gave Culley the nickname with which he was credited thereafter. At the end of 1949, another Culley recording, \"After Hour Session\", reached #10 on the Billboard R&B chart.Culley left the Atlantic label in 1951. He later recorded, with little commercial success, for other labels including Coral, RCA Victor, Chess, and - with singer Jimmy Rushing - for Parrot. In 1955 he recorded several tracks on one of the first rock and roll LPs, Rock'n'Roll Instrumentals for Dancing the Lindy Hop, released on the Baton label, with the other tracks performed by the Buddy Tate Orchestra. The following year, Culley featured in one of the first rock and roll stage shows in New York City, hosted by Hal Jackson and which also featured The Cadillacs and Screamin' Jay Hawkins.After continuing to perform in clubs, he retired from the music business in 1975, and moved to Newark, New Jersey, where he died in 1991.", "Q1239971": "Peace on Earth is a one-reel 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon short directed by Hugh Harman, about a post-apocalyptic world populated only by animals, as it is claimed in the short that human beings have gone extinct due to war.", "Q383024": "Change of Plans (French: Le code a chang\u00e9) is a 2009 French film directed and written by Dani\u00e8le Thompson.", "Q1031340": "Mark Linkous (September 9, 1962 \u2013 March 6, 2010) was an American singer, songwriter and musician, best known as leader of Sparklehorse. He was also known for his collaborations with such notable artists as Tom Waits, PJ Harvey, Daniel Johnston, Radiohead, Black Francis, Julian Casablancas, Nina Persson, David Lynch, Fennesz, Danger Mouse, and Sage Francis.A member of the 1980s indie band the Dancing Hoods, Linkous moved with the group from his native Virginia to New York City and later Los Angeles in hopes of achieving mainstream success. By 1988, the band had failed to land a major record label deal, and they disbanded with Linkous returning to Virginia, where he began writing songs under various monikers.By 1995, he created a project named Sparklehorse, of which he would remain the only permanent member. The band released a quartet of critically acclaimed albums on Capitol Records: Vivadixiesubmarinetransmissionplot, Good Morning Spider, It's a Wonderful Life, and on Astralwerks records: Dreamt for Light Years in the Belly of a Mountain. Linkous lived the last years of his life in Hayesville, North Carolina, where he established Static King Studio. He died by suicide in Knoxville, Tennessee on March 6, 2010.", "Q53048": "Francesco Maselli or Citto Maselli (born 9 December 1930 in Rome) is an Italian film director and screenwriter. He has directed 38 films since 1949. His 1990 film Il segreto was entered into the 40th Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q319103": "Gyula Alp\u00e1ri (19 January 1882, Dunaf\u00f6ldv\u00e1r \u2013 17 July 1944, Sachsenhausen) was a Hungarian Communist politician and propagandist, as well as a journalist by profession.", "Q44534": "Tiziano Terzani (Italian: [tit\u02c8tsja\u02d0no ter\u02c8tsa\u02d0ni]; 14 September 1938 \u2013 28 July 2004) was an Italian journalist and writer, best known for his extensive knowledge of 20th century East Asia and for being one of the very few western reporters to witness both the fall of Saigon to the hands of the Viet Cong and the fall of Phnom Penh at the hands of the Khmer Rouge in the mid-1970s.", "Q90003": "Ernst Mally (; German: [\u02c8mali]; 11 October 1879 \u2013 8 March 1944) was an Austrian philosopher affiliated with the so-called Graz School of phenomenological psychology. A pupil of Alexius Meinong, he was one of the founders of deontic logic and is mainly known for his contributions in that field of research.\n\n", "Q1396147": "Yair Dalal is an Israeli musician of Iraqi-Jewish descent.\nHis main instruments are the oud and the violin, and he also sings as accompaniment. He composes his own music and draws on Arab and Jewish traditions, as well as European classical music and Indian music. He is also a peace activist, and works to enhance understanding and communication between Arabs and Jews.", "Q127041": "Mangalore, officially known as Mangaluru, is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats mountain range about 352 km (219 mi) west of Bangalore, the state capital. Mangalore is the state's only city to have all four modes of transport\u2014air, road, rail and sea. The population of the urban agglomeration was 619,664 according to the 2011 national census of India.\nThe city developed as a port in the Arabian Sea during ancient times; it has since developed into a major port of India that handles 75 per cent of India's coffee and cashew exports, and is the country's seventh largest container port. Mangalore has been ruled by several major powers, including the Kadambas, Alupas, Vijayanagar Empire, Keladi Nayaks and the Portuguese. The city was a source of contention between the British and the Kingdom of Mysore rulers Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, and was eventually annexed by the British in 1799. Mangalore remained part of the Madras Presidency until India's independence in 1947 and was unified with Mysore State (now called Karnataka) in 1956.\nMangalore is also the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada district, and is a commercial, industrial, educational, healthcare and startup hub. This city's International Airport is the second-largest airport in Karnataka. Mangalore City Corporation is responsible for the civic administration, which manages the 60 wards of the city. The city's landscape is characterised by rolling hills, coconut palms, rivers and hard, red-clay-roofed buildings. India's first 3D planetarium with 8K resolution display is situated in this city. Mangalore is also included in the Smart Cities Mission list and is among the 100 smart cities to be developed in India. The city has an average elevation of 22 m (72 ft) above mean sea level. Mangalore has a tropical monsoon climate and is under the influence of the southwest monsoon.", "Q202537": "Arkady Petrovich Golikov (Russian: \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432; 22 January [O.S. 9 January] 1904 \u2013 26 October 1941), better known as Arkady Gaidar (\u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440), was a Russian Soviet writer, whose stories were very popular among Soviet children, and a Red Army commander.", "Q176568": "The Forbidden Kingdom (Chinese: \u529f\u592b\u4e4b\u738b: Gong Fu Zhi Wang (Mandarin) or Gung Fu Ji Wong (Cantonese) and translated King of Kung Fu (English); Working title: The J & J Project) is a 2008 Chinese-American fantasy kung fu wuxia film written by John Fusco, and directed by Rob Minkoff, and starring Jackie Chan and Jet Li. Loosely based on the novel Journey to the West, it is the first film to co-star Jackie Chan and Jet Li. The action sequences were choreographed by Yuen Woo-ping.\nThe film is distributed in the United States through Lionsgate and The Weinstein Company, and through The Huayi Brothers Film & Taihe Investment Company in China. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the US and Hong Kong on September 9, 2008 and the United Kingdom on November 17, 2008. Upon release, the film received mixed critical reception. Many criticized the overuse of effects and visuals as well as the screenplay. However, the cast, direction, action sequences, choreography, and Li's and Chan's performances received the highest praise. In addition, The Forbidden Kingdom was a commercial success, grossing $128 million against a budget of only $55 million.", "Q233932": "Emina Jahovi\u0107 (pronounced [em\u01d0\u02d0na j\u00e2\u02d0hovit\u0361\u0255], Serbian Cyrillic: \u0415\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0408\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; born 15 January 1982) is a Serbian singer-songwriter, model and actress. Born and raised in Novi Pazar, she rose to prominence through music festivals. Jahovi\u0107 released her debut album in 2002, but acquired commercial success with her third record Vila in 2008. Arguably one of the most popular pop performers in the Slavic-speaking territories in the Balkans, she has been referred to as 'Pop princeza' (Pop Princess).She made her television debut in 2010 starring in Lale Devri as Lale Ta\u015fk\u0131ran Ilgaz. In 2013, she was a judge on the X Factor Adria. Jahovi\u0107 has also released her own perfume called Closer in 2014 and has her own cosmetic brand Yaemina.", "Q4225547": "Yury Valentinovich Kovalchuk (Russian: \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0443\u043a, born 25 July 1951) is a Russian billionaire businessman and financier who is \"reputed to be Vladimir Putin's personal banker\". The May 2008 issue of Russian Forbes listed him for the first time in its Golden Hundred of Russia's richest, calling him and another new entrant to the List, Gennady Timchenko, \"good acquaintances of Vladimir Putin.\" The magazine placed him at number 53 on the Russians-only list, with an estimated fortune of $1.9 billion. After sanctions imposed on Kovalchuk in 2018, this dropped to $650 million.From 1987 to 1991 he was the first deputy director of Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute. Since 2004 he has been chair of Rossiya Bank and its largest shareholder.Since the early 1990s Kovalchuk has owned a dacha in Solovyovka in the Priozersky District of the Leningrad region, located on the eastern shore of the Komsomolskoye lake on the Karelian Isthmus near St. Petersburg. His neighbours there are Vladimir Putin, Vladimir Yakunin, Andrei Fursenko, Sergey Fursenko, Viktor Myachin, Vladimir Smirnov and Nikolay Shamalov. Together they instituted the co-operative society Ozero (the Lake) which united their properties on 10 November 1996. [1]\nHis elder brother Mikhail Kovalchuk is the scientific secretary of the Council for Science and High Technologies attached to the president of the Russian Federation.\nIn 2015 Yury Kovalchuk's National Media Group (NMG) and US Discovery channel joined forces to form Media Alliance of which NMG owns 80% . Later that year, Kovalchuk acquired the rights to Ted Turner\u2019s Russian assets including the Russian version of CNN, Cartoon Network and Boomerang. The reason for the sale was based on the Russian media ownership law that limits ownership of Russian media by foreigners. In 2017 Kovalchuk purchased the century-old Novy Svet vineyard in the Crimean Peninsula for $26.4 million in one of the first privatization deals in the region since the annexation of the region by Russia.", "Q275967": "Ayelet Zurer (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dc\u05ea \u05d6\u05d5\u05e8\u05e8\u200e; born 28 June 1969) is an Israeli actress. She was nominated for awards at the Jerusalem Film Festival, the Israeli Academy Awards and the Israeli Television Academy Awards. She won Best Actress awards for her roles in the Israeli film Nina's Tragedies and Betipul.", "Q177676": "Prisoner of Paradise is a 2002 documentary film directed by Malcolm Clarke and Stuart Sender. The film is an international co-production of Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom, and tells the true story of Kurt Gerron, a German-Jewish cabaret and film actor in the 1920s and 1930s who was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp in Czechoslovakia during World War II. There, Gerron was ordered to write and direct a Nazi propaganda film.Prisoner of Paradise received mostly positive reviews, and was nominated for Best Documentary Feature at the 75th Academy Awards. Clarke won an award from the Directors Guild of Canada for his work on the film, and he and Sender were together nominated for Outstanding Directing \u2013 Documentaries at the 55th Directors Guild of America Awards.", "Q110835": "Erwin Kohlund (1915\u20131992) was a German actor.", "Q168756": "The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public research university in Berkeley, California. Founded in 1868, it is the flagship campus and the oldest of the ten campuses of the University of California. Berkeley has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top ten universities in the world.Berkeley is one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities and had $789 million in R&D expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2015. Today, Berkeley maintains close relationships with three United States Department of Energy National Laboratories\u2014Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory\u2014and is home to many institutes, including the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and the Space Sciences Laboratory. Through its partner institution University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Berkeley also offers a joint medical program at the UCSF Medical Center.As of October 2019, Berkeley alumni, faculty members and researchers include 107 Nobel laureates, the third most of any university worldwide, as well as 25 Turing Award winners, and 14 Fields Medalists. They have also won 19 Wolf Prizes, 45 MacArthur Fellowships, 20 Academy Awards, 19 Pulitzer Prizes, and 207 Olympic medals. In 1930, Ernest Lawrence invented the cyclotron at Berkeley, based on which UC Berkeley researchers along with Berkeley Lab have discovered or co-discovered 16 chemical elements \u2013 more than any other university. During the 1940s, Berkeley physicist J. R. Oppenheimer, the \"Father of the Atomic Bomb\", led the Manhattan project to create the first atomic bomb. In the 1960s, Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the anti\u2013Vietnam War movement led by its students. In the 21st century, Berkeley has become one of the leading universities in producing entrepreneurs, and its alumni have founded or co-founded many companies worldwide, including five classified as Fortune 500 Companies as of 2017.", "Q441899": "Angela Margaret Cartwright (born September 9, 1952) is an English-born American actress primarily known for her roles in movies and television. Cartwright became known in movies as a child actress for her role as Brigitta von Trapp in the film The Sound of Music (1965). On television, she played Linda Williams, the stepdaughter of Danny Williams (played by Danny Thomas) in the 1950s TV series The Danny Thomas Show, and Penny Robinson in the 1960s television series Lost in Space. Her older sister is actress Veronica Cartwright.", "Q89552": "Daniel Antonelli Nucci (born September 15, 1968) is an American actor known for supporting roles in blockbuster films including The Rock, Crimson Tide, Eraser, and Titanic and his lead role as Mike Foster in The Fosters.", "Q49010": "Joseph Thomas Youngman (born March 17, 1982), better known by his stage name Wolfgang Gartner, is an American DJ and music producer. Much of his music prior to 2010 was released through his own record label, Kindergarten, but he signed with Ultra Records in 2010 and Ministry of Sound in the UK in 2011.", "Q314427": "Kevin Michael McHale (born June 14, 1988) is an American actor, singer, dancer and radio personality. Formerly of the boy band NLT, McHale is known for his role as Artie Abrams in the Fox comedy-drama series Glee. From 2014 to 2016, he hosted the British panel show Virtually Famous on E4. McHale is currently one of the four hosts of Sick of My Own Voice on Dash Radio.", "Q85368": "Othmar Karas (born 24 December 1957) is an Austrian politician who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 1999. He is a member of the Austrian People's Party (\u00d6VP), which in turn affiliates with the European People's Party.\nKaras sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Special Committee on Tax Rulings and Other Measures Similar in Nature or Effect. Between 2012 and 2014, he was one of the vice presidents of the European Parliament. Since the 2019 elections, he has been again serving as one of its vice-presidents; in this capacity, he is part of the Parliament\u2019s leadership under President David Sassoli.", "Q463386": "The American Association of Immunologists (AAI) is an international scientific society dedicated to furthering the study of immunology. AAI provides its members with a variety of platforms in which to exchange ideas and present the latest immunological research, including the AAI annual meeting and The Journal of Immunology. In 2017, AAI launched an open-access journal, ImmunoHorizons. AAI is a founding member society of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB).", "Q498652": "Mordechai Oren (1905\u20131985) was a leader of Mapam and the Kibbutz Artzi Hashomer Hatzair. He was implicated in a scandal which created an uproar in the state of Israel during the early fifties when he was tried in a show trial in Eastern Europe and was dubbed the \"prisoner of Prague\".", "Q206989": "Shooting sports is a collective group of competitive and recreational sporting activities involving proficiency tests of accuracy, precision and speed in shooting \u2014 the art of using various types of ranged weapons, mainly referring to man-portable guns (firearms and airguns, in forms such as handguns, rifles and shotguns) and bows/crossbows.Different disciplines of shooting sports can be categorized by equipment, shooting distances, targets, time limits and degrees of athleticism involved. Shooting sports may involve both team and individual competition, and team performance is usually assessed by summing the scores of the individual team members. Due to the noise of shooting and the high (and often lethal) impact energy of the projectiles, shooting sports are typically conducted at either designated permanent shooting ranges or temporary shooting fields in the area away from settlements.", "Q70849": "Julius Eduard Hitzig (born Isaac Elias Itzig; 26 March 1780 in Berlin \u2013 26 November 1849 in Berlin) was a German author and civil servant.\nBorn into the wealthy and influential Jewish Itzig family, he was between 1799 and 1806 a Prussian civil servant, became Criminal Counsel at the Berlin Supreme Court in 1815 and its director in 1825. In 1808 he established a publishing house and later a bookstore.\nHitzig was much involved in the Berlin literary life of his period, notably in connection with the salon of Rahel Varnhagen. He was friendly with E.T.A. Hoffmann, August von Kotzebue, Adelbert von Chamisso, Friedrich de la Motte Fouqu\u00e9 and Willibald Alexis. He was lampooned for his name change by Heinrich Heine.\nHis works include \"Der Neue Pitaval\" (several volumes).", "Q125656": "Wilhelm Eduard Vischer (30 April 1895 in Davos \u2013 27 November 1988 in Montpellier) was a Swiss pastor, theologian, Hebraist, Old Testament scholar and amateur Lied lyricist. One of his major areas of study was that of Christ in the Old Testament.From 1934 he was pastor of the German-speaking evangelical church in Lugano. In the same year he published the first volume of Das Christuszeugnis des Alten Testaments on the Pentateuch. In 1942 the second volume on the early prophets and Joshua to Kings. He was a pastor in Basel till 1947 when he moved to become professor of Old Testament in Montpellier.In the time of rising anti-Semitism in Germany, Visscher defends the Old Testament against all takers. He defends the idea that Jesus is the Christ in the sense in which the Old Testament defines Israel's Messiah. Besides the obestacles Vischer faced in his time, he found a supporter and friend in Karl Barth and his neoorthodox theology.", "Q284020": "Imre Antal (31 July 1935 \u2013 15 April 2008) was a Hungarian pianist, television presenter and comedian.", "Q236692": "Hitomi Shimatani (\u5cf6\u8c37\u3072\u3068\u307f, Shimatani Hitomi, born 4 September 1980) is a Japanese pop singer signed to the Avex Trax label.Shimatani started her career as an Enka singer with the release of her debut single \"\u014csaka no Onna\" (\u5927\u962a\u306e\u5973, \u014csakan Woman) in 1999, but later decided to get into the dance/pop style for her music. Shimatani's music has also appeared in video games and also anime series.", "Q1392321": "Liberty Records was an American record label started by chairman Simon Waronker in 1955 with Al Bennett as president and Theodore Keep as chief engineer. It was reactivated in 2001 in the United Kingdom and had two previous revivals.", "Q61944": "Semey (Kazakh: \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439, romanized: Seme\u0131; Russian: \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439), until 2007 known as Semipalatinsk (Kazakh: \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a, Russian: \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a) and in 1917\u20131920 as Alash-kala (Kazakh: \u0410\u043b\u0430\u0448-\u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430, Alash-qala), is a city in Kazakhstan, in East Kazakhstan Region, and in the Kazakhstan part of Siberia. It lies along the Irtysh River and is near the border with Russia, around 1,000 kilometers (620 mi) north of Almaty, and 700 kilometers (430 mi) southeast of the Russian city of Omsk. Its population is 299,264 (2009 Census results).", "Q445427": "Death of a Superhero is a 2011 Irish drama film based on the New Zealand novel of the same name by Anthony McCarten. Originally planned to be directed by McCarten in New Zealand, the film was shot on location in Ireland throughout 2010 and was directed by Ian FitzGibbon. The film stars Thomas Sangster alongside Andy Serkis. It tells the story of a dying 15-year-old boy who draws comic book stories of an invincible superhero as he struggles with his mortality.", "Q528185": "Enrique Krauze Kleinbort (born September 17, 1947 in Mexico City), is a Mexican public intellectual, historian, essayist, critic, producer, and publisher. He has written numerous books about the Mexican Revolution and leading figures in Mexican history, as well as economic analysis of the nation's history.\nKrauze founded Editorial Cl\u00edo publishing house in 1992. He also manages and operates the Documentary Production Company Cl\u00edo TV; the combined company is Editorial Cl\u00edo Libros y Videos. He has produced two major TV series on Mexican history, which were also shown in the United States. In 1999 he founded what has become a prominent cultural magazine Letras Libres, which is distributed in several Spanish-speaking countries.\nFrom early in his career, Krauze collaborated with author Octavio Paz, the Nobel Prize winner, in the magazine Vuelta (Return). He served as deputy editor (1977\u20131981) and deputy director (1981\u20131986).", "Q1193093": "Takafumi Horie (\u5800\u6c5f \u8cb4\u6587, Horie Takafumi, born October 29, 1972) is a Japanese entrepreneur who founded Livedoor, a website design operation that grew into a popular internet portal. After being arrested and charged with securities fraud in 2006, he severed all connections with the company. His trial began on September 4, 2006. On March 16, 2007, Horie was sentenced to imprisonment of 2 years and 6 months.\nHe is popularly known as Horiemon (\u30db\u30ea\u30a8\u30e2\u30f3) due to his resemblance to Doraemon, the chubby robot cat in a popular Japanese cartoon. The name Horiemon was also given to a racehorse he owned, after the name had been chosen by voting on a Livedoor website.", "Q322195": "Gustavus \"Gus\" Cannon (September 12, 1883 or 1884 \u2013 October 15, 1979) was an American blues musician who helped to popularize jug bands (such as his own Cannon's Jug Stompers) in the 1920s and 1930s. There is uncertainty about his birth year; his tombstone gives the date as 1874.", "Q1824899": "Marcus Lakee Edwards (born March 29, 1976), better known by his stage name Lil' Keke, is an American rapper and original member of the Southern hip hop collective Screwed Up Click.", "Q549209": "The Union of the Democratic Centre (Spanish: Uni\u00f3n de Centro Democr\u00e1tico, UCD, also translated as \"Democratic Centre Union\") was an electoral coalition, and later political party, in Spain, existing from 1977 to 1983. It was initially led by Adolfo Su\u00e1rez.", "Q380252": "Georgiy Nikolayevich Daneliya (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f, Georgian: \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 Giorgi Nikolozis dze Danelia; 25 August 1930 \u2013 4 April 2019), also known as Giya Daneliya (Georgian: \u10d2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0), was a Soviet and Russian film director and screenwriter. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1989.", "Q77698": "Harry Th\u00fcrk (8 March 1927 in Z\u00fclz, Upper Silesia \u2013 24 November 2005 in Weimar) was a German writer.\n\n", "Q3994": "Kempten is the largest town of Allg\u00e4u, in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. The population was about 68,000 in 2016. The area was possibly settled originally by Celts, but was later taken over by the Romans, who called the town Cambodunum. Kempten is the oldest urban settlement (town) in Germany.", "Q76586": "Karl Johann Kautsky (; German: [\u02c8ka\u028atski]; 16 October 1854 \u2013 17 October 1938) was a Czech-Austrian philosopher, journalist, and Marxist theoretician. Kautsky was recognized as the most authoritative promulgators of Orthodox Marxism after the death of Friedrich Engels in 1895 until the outbreak of World War I in 1914.\nFollowing the war, Kautsky was an outspoken critic of the Bolshevik Revolution, engaging in polemics with Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin on the nature of the Soviet state.", "Q2331870": "Michael Leon Carr (born January 9, 1951) is an American former professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and American Basketball Association (ABA), and former head coach and General Manager of the Boston Celtics. He coached the Celtics for two seasons, posting a career record of 48 wins and 116 losses.", "Q51139": "Bernard William Jewry (27 September 1942 \u2013 23 October 2014), known professionally as Shane Fenton and later as Alvin Stardust, was an English rock singer and stage actor. Performing first as Shane Fenton in the 1960s, Jewry had a moderately successful career in the pre-Beatles era, hitting the UK top 40 with four singles in 1961\u201362. However, he became better known for singles released in the 1970s and 1980s as Alvin Stardust, a character he began in the glam rock era, with hits including the UK Singles Chart-topper \"Jealous Mind\", as well as later hits such as \"Pretend\" and \"I Feel Like Buddy Holly\".", "Q168030": "Zbigniew Micha\u0142 Chmielowiec (born September 22, 1954 in Kolbuszowa) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Polish lower house (Sejm) on September 25, 2005 getting 17243 votes in 23 Rzesz\u00f3w district, candidating from the Law and Justice list.", "Q151869": "Nob. Carlo Maria Buonaparte or Carlo Maria di Buonaparte (27 March 1746 \u2013 24 February 1785) was an Italian lawyer and diplomat who is best known as the father of Napoleon Bonaparte.\nHe served briefly as a personal assistant of the revolutionary leader Pasquale Paoli, and fought with the Corsican resistance against the French during the occupation of Corsica. With the island conquered and the resistance defeated, he eventually rose to become Corsica's representative to the court of Louis XVI. It was well after his death that his second surviving son, Napoleon, became Emperor of the French; subsequently, several of Buonaparte's other children received royal titles from their brother, and married into royalty.", "Q214433": "Johann August Heinrich Heros von Borcke (23 July 1835 \u2013 10 May 1895) was a Prussian cavalry officer who served in the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War. Following the Confederacy's surrender in 1865, von Borcke rejoined the Prussian Army for the Austro-Prussian War, but retired in 1867 due to lingering wounds he had suffered during his service to the Confederacy.", "Q317890": "Salomon Mikhailovich Flohr (November 21, 1908 \u2013 July 18, 1983) was a leading Czech chess grandmaster of the mid-20th century, who became a national hero in Czechoslovakia during the 1930s. His name was used to sell many of the luxury products of the time, including Salo Flohr cigarettes, slippers and eau-de-cologne. Flohr dominated many tournaments of the pre-World War II years, and by the late 1930s was considered a contender for the World Championship. However, his patient, positional style was overtaken by the sharper, more tactical methods of the younger Soviet echelon after World War II. Flohr was also a well-respected chess author, and an International Arbiter.\n\n", "Q338873": "Arkady Dmitrievich Shvetsov (Russian: \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0446\u043e\u0432) (January 1892, Nizhniye Sergi, today's Sverdlovsk Oblast - 19 March 1953, Moscow) was a Soviet aircraft engine designer whose OKB was founded in Perm, USSR, in 1934, to produce the Wright Cyclone-derived Shvetsov M-25 engine. Under Shvetsov, his OKB became the primary provider of radial piston engines for Soviet aircraft industry (Mikulin's and Klimov's OKB were assigned to creation of in-line engines). After his death in 1953, the OKB was taken over by Pavel Soloviev.", "Q441127": "Paul Pierre L\u00e9vy (15 September 1886 \u2013 15 December 1971) was a French mathematician who was active especially in probability theory, introducing fundamental concepts such as local time, stable distributions and characteristic functions. L\u00e9vy processes, L\u00e9vy flights, L\u00e9vy measures, L\u00e9vy's constant, the L\u00e9vy distribution, the L\u00e9vy area, the L\u00e9vy arcsine law, and the fractal L\u00e9vy C curve are named after him.", "Q1653946": "Ne\u015fet Erta\u015f (1938 \u2013 25 September 2012) was a Turkish folk music singer, lyricist, modern ashik and virtuoso of the traditional Turkish instrument the ba\u011flama. His profession in Turkish is known as halk ozan\u0131, which literally means \"folk bard\". Ya\u015far Kemal gave Erta\u015f his nickname, \"Bozk\u0131r\u0131n Tezenesi\" (literally: \"Plectrum of the Steppe\"), writing it in a book he gave him as a gift.", "Q8619": "Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau ( TROO-doh, troo-DOH, French: [pj\u025b\u0281 t\u0281ydo]; October 18, 1919 \u2013 September 28, 2000), mostly referred to as simply Pierre Trudeau, or by the initials PET, was a Canadian politician who was the 15th prime minister of Canada and leader of the Liberal Party of Canada, between 1968 and 1984, with a brief period as Leader of the Opposition, from 1979 to 1980. His tenure of 15 years and 164 days makes him Canada's third longest-serving Prime Minister, behind William Lyon Mackenzie King and John A. Macdonald.\nTrudeau rose to prominence as a lawyer, intellectual, and activist in Qu\u00e9bec politics. He joined the Liberal Party and was elected to the Canadian Parliament in 1965, quickly being appointed as Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson's Parliamentary Secretary. In 1967, he was appointed Minister of Justice. Trudeau's outgoing personality caused a media sensation, inspiring \"Trudeaumania\", and helped him to win the leadership of the Liberal Party in 1968, when he was appointed Prime Minister of Canada.\nFrom the late 1960s until the early 1980s, Trudeau's personality dominated the political scene to an extent never before seen in Canadian political life. After his appointment as Prime Minister, he won the 1968, 1972 and 1974 elections, before narrowly losing in 1979. He won a fourth election victory shortly afterwards, in 1980, and eventually retired from politics shortly before the 1984 election.\nDespite his personal motto, \"Reason before passion\", his personality and political career aroused polarizing reactions throughout Canada during his time in office. Admirers praised what they consider to be the force of Trudeau's intellect and his political acumen, maintaining national unity over the Quebec sovereignty movement, suppressing a Qu\u00e9bec terrorist crisis, fostering a pan-Canadian identity, and in achieving sweeping institutional reform, including the implementation of official bilingualism, patriation of the Constitution, and the establishment of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Critics accused him of arrogance, of economic mismanagement, and of unduly centralizing Canadian decision-making to the detriment of the culture of Qu\u00e9bec and the economy of the Prairies.His eldest son, Justin Trudeau, became the 23rd and current Prime Minister, following the 2015 election and 2019 election, and is the first prime minister of Canada to be a descendant of a former prime minister.", "Q983823": "Nils \u00d8kland (born 7 January 1961) is a Norwegian Hardanger fiddle player known as a bridge builder between contemporary music and folk music, and the brother of the musician Torbj\u00f8rn \u00d8kland.", "Q326495": "Przemys\u0142aw Gintrowski (21 December 1951 \u2013 20 October 2012) was a Polish composer and musician.\nGintrowski debuted in 1976 on a review of the Warsaw Riviera with the song \"Epitaph for Sergei Yesenin\". Shortly afterwards, in 1979, he formed a trio with Jacek Kaczmarski and Zbigniew \u0141api\u0144ski, and initiated a poetic programme \"Mury\" (\"Walls\"). The title song of the programme, \"Mury\", based on the song written by Catalan bard Lluis Llach L'Estaca \u2013 became an informal anthem of the Polish trade union Solidarity and the symbol of the fight against the regime. Other programs they created were \"Raj\" (Paradise) and \"Museum\".\nWith the declaration of martial law in December 1981 Trio broke up \u2013 Jacek Kaczmarski remained in exile in France, and Gintrowski started his own artistic activity. He made his debut as a composer of film music \u2013 during the next ten years he created music for over twenty fictional films and serials.\nGintrowski's songs were based on texts by Jacek Kaczmarski, Zbigniew Herbert, Tomasz Jastrun, Krzysztof Maria Sieniawski, Jerzy Czech, Tadeusz Nowak and Marek Tercz.\nFor many years he did not record his own songs, although he still composed them for other artists and prepared music for films. For example, he created sound tracks for Andrzej Wajda's Man of Iron, Mother of Kings by Janusz Zaorski, and Stanis\u0142aw Bareja's mid-1980s comedy series \"Zmiennicy\" (Shiftworkers). Gintrowski recorded another album entitled \"Kanapka z cz\u0142owiekiem\" (\"Human sandwich\") that contained older material as well as some brand new songs.\nOn 31 August 2006 he was awarded by President Lech Kaczy\u0144ski with The Order of Polonia Restituta.", "Q98339": "Prince Charles Ferdinand William of Solms-Lich-Hohensolms (27 June 1866, in Lich \u2013 26 July 1920) was a German politician. He was president of the First Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse.", "Q72938": "Tibor D\u00e9ry (18 October 1894 in Budapest \u2013 18 August 1977 in Budapest) was a Hungarian writer and poet. He also wrote under the names Tibor D\u00e1niel and P\u00e1l Verdes. \nGy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs praised Dery as being \"the greatest depicter of human beings of our time\".", "Q599558": "Sex in film is the presence of sexuality in a film. Since the development of the medium, the presence in films of any form of sexuality has been controversial. Some films containing sex scenes have been criticized by religious groups or have been banned or the subject of censorship by governments, or both. In countries with a film rating system, films containing sex scenes typically receive a restricted classification. Nudity in film may be regarded as sexual or as non-sexual.\nAn erotic film is usually a film that has an erotic quality that causes the creation of sexual feelings, as well as a philosophical contemplation concerning the aesthetics of sexual desire, sensuality and romantic love.\nLove scenes, erotic or not, have been present in films since the silent era of cinematography. A pornographic film, on the other hand, is a sex film which does not usually claim any artistic merit. Sex scenes have been presented in many genres of film, although there are some in which it is rare. Many actors and actresses have performed nude or partial nude scenes, or have dressed and behaved in ways considered sexually provocative by contemporary standards at some point in their careers.\n\n", "Q137534": "David Mallet (or Malloch) (c.1705\u20131765) was a Scottish poet and dramatist.\nHe was educated at the University of Edinburgh, and went to London in 1723 to work as a private tutor. There he became friendly with Alexander Pope, James Thomson, and other literary figures including Henry St John, Viscount Bolingbroke.\nHis best-known work was written in the same year: William and Margaret, adapted from a traditional ballad. In 1740, he collaborated with Thomson on a masque, Alfred, which was the vehicle for \"Rule, Britannia!\". His other plays and poetry (e.g. Amyntor and Theodora), popular at the time, are largely forgotten, but Bolingbroke's writings were edited and published by Mallet in 1754.", "Q316556": "J\u00e1nos Arany (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8ja\u02d0no\u0283 \u02c8\u0252r\u0252\u0272]; archaic English: John Arany; 2 March 1817\u201422 October 1882) was a Hungarian poet, writer, translator and journalist. He is often said to be the \"Shakespeare of ballads\" \u2013 he wrote more than 102 ballads that have been translated into over 50 languages, as well as the Toldi trilogy, to mention his most famous works.", "Q438382": "Kenneth Block (born November 21, 1967) is a professional rally driver with the Hoonigan Racing Division, formerly known as the Monster World Rally Team. Block is also one of the co-founders of DC Shoes. Over the years, he has also competed in many action sports events including skateboarding, snowboarding, and motocross. Since selling his ownership of DC Shoes, Block has shifted his business focus to Hoonigan Industries, an apparel brand for auto enthusiasts. He is currently the co-owner and \"Head Hoonigan In Charge\" (HHIC) at the company.", "Q327953": "The Robber (German: Der R\u00e4uber) is a 2010 drama film directed by Benjamin Heisenberg. The film is based on a novel by the Austrian author Martin Prinz, and was shot on location in Vienna. The main character, Johann Rettenberger, is based on Austrian bank-robber and runner Johann Kastenberger. The film was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q44252": "Max Klinger (18 February 1857 \u2013 5 July 1920) was a German symbolist painter, sculptor, printmaker, and writer.\nKlinger was born in Leipzig and studied in Karlsruhe. An admirer of the etchings of Menzel and Goya, he shortly became a skilled and imaginative engraver in his own right. He began creating sculptures in the early 1880s. From 1883\u20131893 he lived in Rome, and became increasingly influenced by the Italian Renaissance and antiquity.", "Q1989879": "Nihat Zeybekci (born 1 January 1961) is a Turkish economist, politician, a member of parliament for Denizli Province of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the current Minister of the Economy.\n\n", "Q168024": "Zbigniew Chlebowski (born 8 March 1964 in \u017bar\u00f3w) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 18,281 votes in 2 Wa\u0142brzych district as a candidate from the Civic Platform list.\nHe was also a member of Sejm 2001-2005.", "Q108908": "Fluxus was an international, interdisciplinary community of artists, composers, designers and poets during the 1960s and 1970s who engaged in experimental art performances which emphasized the artistic process over the finished product. Fluxus is known for experimental contributions to different artistic media and disciplines and for generating new art forms. These art forms include intermedia, a term coined by Fluxus artist Dick Higgins; conceptual art, first developed by Henry Flynt;, an artist often mistakenly labelled as Fluxus though he considers himself to be extremely separate from the label, and video art, first pioneered by Nam June Paik and Wolf Vostell. Dutch gallerist and art critic Harry Ruh\u00e9 describes Fluxus as \"the most radical and experimental art movement of the sixties.\"Fluxus participants included \"artists, composers, designers, and architects, as well as economists, mathematicians, ballet dancers, chefs, and even a would-be theologian. Equally significant, they represented nations across many continents, predominantly Asia, Europe, and North America.They produced performance \"events,\" which included enactments of scores, \"Neo-Dada\" noise music, and time-based works, as well as concrete poetry, visual art, urban planning, architecture, design, literature, and publishing. Many Fluxus artists share anti-commercial and anti-art sensibilities. Fluxus is sometimes described as \"intermedia\". The ideas and practices of composer John Cage heavily influenced Fluxus. Especially, his notions that one should embark on an artwork without a conception of its end, and his understanding of the work as a site of interaction between artist and audience. The process of creating was privileged over the finished product. Another notable influence were the readymades of Marcel Duchamp, a French artist who was active in Dada (1916 \u2013 c. 1922). George Maciunas, largely considered to be the founder of this fluid movement, coined the name Fluxus in 1961 to title a proposed magazine.Many artists of the 1960s took part in Fluxus activities, including Joseph Beuys, George Brecht, John Cale, Robert Filliou, Al Hansen, Dick Higgins, Bengt af Klintberg, Alison Knowles, Addi K\u00f8pcke, Yoko Ono, Nam June Paik, Ben Patterson, Daniel Spoerri, and Wolf Vostell. Not only were they a diverse community of collaborators who influenced each other, they were also, largely, friends. They collectively had what were, at the time, radical ideas about art and the role of art in society. The intersecting communities within Fluxus and the way that Fluxus developed in overlapping stages meant that participants each had very different ideas about what Fluxus was. Fluxus founder George Maciunas proposed a well known manifesto, but few considered Fluxus to be a true movement, and therefore the manifesto was not largely adopted. Instead, a series of festivals in Wiesbaden, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Amsterdam, London, and New York, gave rise to a loose but robust community with many similar beliefs. In keeping with the reputation Fluxus earned as a forum of experimentation, some Fluxus artists came to describe Fluxus as a laboratory. Fluxus played an important role in the broadening of what is considered art.", "Q65288": "Schlossrued is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q1541450": "The Royal Swedish Academy of Music (Swedish: Kungliga Musikaliska Akademien), founded in 1771 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden. The Academy is an independent organization, which acts to promote the artistic, scientific, educational and cultural development of music. Fredrik Wetterqvist is director of the Academy.\nThe Academy consists of 170 Swedish members belonging to various spheres of the music industry and has a research committee which has been operational since 1980s. They are involved in research on Gustavian music drama, music archeology, future developments in musical life and music in a multicultural society. The Academy also publishes various biographies, debate books, analytical writings, etc. and has been offering music students scholarships and various prizes for outstanding contributions in the field.", "Q755698": "Svitavy (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8sv\u026atav\u026a]; German: Zwittau) is a town in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. The town has a population of 17,000 and is also the district administrative centre. It is the birthplace of Oskar Schindler and an important centre of the Czech Esperanto movement, with an Esperanto museum that is part of the city museum.", "Q160478": "Odysseus Elytis (; Greek: \u039f\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 [o\u00f0i\u02c8seas e\u02c8litis], pen name of Odysseus Alepoudellis, Greek: \u039f\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u0391\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2; 2 November 1911 \u2013 18 March 1996) was regarded as a major exponent of romantic modernism in Greece and the world. In 1979 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Q9513": "Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam ( (listen); 15 October 1931 \u2013 27 July 2015) was an aerospace scientist who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the \"People's President\", he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.\nWhile delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83. Thousands including national-level dignitaries attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameshwaram, where he was buried with full state honours.", "Q2972631": "The Smolenskoye Cemetery (in German Smolensker Friedhof) is a Lutheran cemetery on Dekabristov Island in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is one of the largest and oldest non-orthodox cemeteries in the city. Until the early 20th century it was one of the main burial grounds for ethnic Germans.", "Q326481": "Konrad Bartelski (born 27 May 1954) is a former British alpine ski racer who produced the best result by a Briton on the Alpine Skiing World Cup circuit in 1981 by coming within 0.11 seconds of winning a World Cup downhill race at Val Gardena.\n\n", "Q12000": "Carlos V\u00edctor Aramayo (7 October 1889, Paris \u2013 14 April 1981, Paris) was a Bolivian industrialist and politician.", "Q629237": "Rita dalla Chiesa (born 31 August 1947) is an Italian television host.\nHer father was general Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa, assassinated in 1982 together with his wife, Emanuela Setti Carraro.", "Q212056": "The Mongolian People's Republic (Mongolian: \u0411\u04af\u0433\u0434 \u041d\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b \u0410\u0440\u0434 \u0423\u043b\u0441 (\u0411\u041d\u041c\u0410\u0423), B\u00fcgd Nairamdakh Mongol Ard Uls (BNMAU), [bu\u0261\u0259t n\u0251jr\u0259md\u0259x m\u0254\u014b\u0261\u0259\u026e \u0251r(\u0259)t u\u026e(\u0259)s]) was a unitary sovereign socialist state which existed between 1924 and 1992, coterminous with the present-day country of Mongolia in East Asia. It was ruled by the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party and maintained close links with the Soviet Union throughout its history. Geographically, it was bordered by China to its south and the Soviet Union (via the Russian SFSR) to its north. Until 1944, it also bordered the Tuvan People's Republic, another Soviet satellite state recognized only by Mongolia and the Soviet Union.", "Q90771": "Ilka Bessin (born 18 November 1971) is a German comedian and actress, best known for her role as Cindy aus Marzahn (German for: Cindy from Marzahn).\n\n", "Q418046": "Akihiko Hirata (\u5e73\u7530\u662d\u5f66, Hirata Akihiko) (December 16, 1927 \u2013 July 25, 1984), born Akihiko Onoda (\u91ce\u7530\u662d\u5f66, Onoda Akihiko), was a Japanese film actor. While Hirata starred in many movies (including Hiroshi Inagaki's Samurai trilogy), he is most well known for his work in the kaiju genre, including such films as King Kong vs. Godzilla, The Mysterians, Terror of Mechagodzilla, Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla, and his most famous role of Dr. Daisuke Serizawa, the brilliant but disturbed young scientist in the original Godzilla, released in 1954. Hirata was married to the popular actress Yoshiko Kuga from 1961 until his death. He died at age 56 in 1984 after a long battle with lung cancer.", "Q3758": "Kaiserslautern (German pronunciation: [\u02ccka\u026az\u0250s\u02c8la\u028at\u0250n] (listen)) is a city in southwest Germany, located in the Bundesland (State) of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) at the edge of the Palatinate Forest (Pf\u00e4lzerwald). The historic centre dates to the 9th century. It is 459 kilometres (285 miles) from Paris, 117 km (73 miles) from Frankfurt am Main, and 159 km (99 miles) from Luxembourg.\nKaiserslautern is home to about 100,000 people. Additionally, approximately 45,000 NATO military personnel inhabit the city and its surrounding district (Landkreis Kaiserslautern), and contribute approximately US$1 billion annually to the local economy. The city is also home to football club 1. FC Kaiserslautern that has won the German championship four times.", "Q19155": "Henry Jaynes Fonda (May 16, 1905 \u2013 August 12, 1982) was an American film and stage actor who had a career that spanned five decades in Hollywood. Fonda cultivated a strong, appealing screen image in several films now considered to be classics, earning one Academy Award for Best Actor on two nominations. \nFonda made his mark early as a Broadway actor and made his Hollywood film debut in 1935. His film career began to gain momentum with roles such as Bette Davis's fiancee in her Academy Award-winning performance in Jezebel (1938), brother Frank in Jesse James (1939), and the future President in Young Mr. Lincoln (1939), directed by John Ford. His early career peaked with his Academy Award-nominated performance as Tom Joad in The Grapes of Wrath, about an Oklahoma family who moved to California during the Dust Bowl 1930s. This film is widely considered to be among the greatest American films.\nIn 1941 he starred opposite Barbara Stanwyck in the screwball comedy classic The Lady Eve. Book-ending his service in WWII were his starring roles in two highly regarded westerns: The Ox-Bow Incident (1943) and My Darling Clementine (1946), the latter directed by John Ford, and he also starred in Ford's western Fort Apache (1948). After a seven-year break from films, during which Fonda focused on stage productions, he returned with the WWII war-boat ensemble Mister Roberts (1955). In 1957 he starred as Juror No.8, the hold-out juror, in 12 Angry Men, a critical success and now regarded as a seminal film. Fonda, who was also co-producer, won the BAFTA for Best Foreign Actor.\nLater in his career, Fonda moved into darker roles, such as the villain in the epic Once Upon a Time in the West (1968), underrated and a box office disappointment at its time of release, but now regarded as one of the best westerns of all time. He also played in lighter-hearted fare such as Yours, Mine and Ours with Lucille Ball, but also often played important military figures, such as a Colonel in Battle of the Bulge (1965), and Admiral Nimitz in Midway (1976). He finally won the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 54th Academy Awards for his final film role in On Golden Pond (1981), which also starred Katharine Hepburn and his daughter Jane Fonda, but was too ill to attend the ceremony. He died from heart disease a few months later.\nFonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors, including daughter Jane Fonda, son Peter Fonda, granddaughter Bridget Fonda, and grandson Troy Garity. His family and close friends called him \"Hank\". In 1999 he was named the sixth-Greatest Male Screen Legend of the Classic Hollywood Era (stars with a film debut by 1950) by the American Film Institute.", "Q84704": "Heinrich Edwin Rickert (27 December 1833 \u2013 3 November 1902) was a German journalist and liberal politician. He was the father of the philosopher Heinrich Rickert.", "Q2732142": "A statistician is a person who works with theoretical or applied statistics. The profession exists in both the private and public sectors. It is common to combine statistical knowledge with expertise in other subjects, and statisticians may work as employees or as statistical consultants.", "Q517407": "Sondershausen is a town in Thuringia, Germany, capital of the Kyffh\u00e4userkreis district, situated about 50 km north of Erfurt. On 1 December 2007, the former municipality Schernberg was incorporated by Sondershausen.\nUntil 1918 it was part of the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.", "Q113496": "Dennis \"Duke\" Nalon (March 2, 1913 \u2013 February 26, 2001) was an American midget car, sprint car, and Indy 500 driver from Chicago, Illinois, United States.", "Q94517": "Anitta M\u00fcller-Cohen born Rosenzweig (1890\u20131962) was an Austrian-born Jewish woman who emigrated to Tel Aviv, Palestine, in 1935. In Austria, she was a prominent social worker, politician and writer who became increasingly interested in Zionism. One of the leading members of Vienna's Jewish National Party, she organized and actively contributed to the First World Congress of Jewish Women which was held in Vienna in May 1923. At the American Jewish Congress in Chicago in 1925, she addressed the opening session. After emigrating to Palestine in 1935, she became a member of the Mizrahi Women\u2019s Organization, founded the Women's Social Service, and continued her welfare work which was mainly concerned with children and immigrants.", "Q4037": "Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283v\u025b\u02d0b\u026a\u0283 \u02c8\u0261m\u028fnt], until 1934: Gm\u00fcnd) is a town in the eastern part of the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. With a population of around 60,000, the town is the second largest in the Ostalb district and the whole East W\u00fcrttemberg region after Aalen. The town is a Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt since 1956, i.e. a chief town under district administration; it was the administrative capital of its own rural district until the local government reorganisation on 1 January 1973.\nThere are some institutions of higher education in the city, most notably the P\u00e4dagogische Hochschule Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd (University of Education Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd) and the Landesgymnasium f\u00fcr Hochbegabte (State Highschool for gifted children).\nSchw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd was a self-ruling free imperial city from the 13th century until its annexation to W\u00fcrttemberg in 1802.\n\n", "Q1195390": "Andrew John Ridgeley (born 26 January 1963) is an English singer, songwriter, and record producer, best known for his work in the 1980s as one half of the musical duo Wham!.", "Q746182": "Egberto Amin Gismonti (born December 5, 1947 in Carmo, state of Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian composer, guitarist and pianist.", "Q200452": "Matthew Krok (born 8 March 1982 in Sydney) is a former Australian child actor best known for playing the role of schoolboy Arthur McArthur on the Australian sitcom Hey Dad...! from 1991 to 1994. He also appeared in a popular Sorbent toilet paper advertising campaign at around the same time.", "Q933892": "Walter Crawford Kelly, Jr. (August 25, 1913 \u2013 October 18, 1973), commonly known as Walt Kelly, was an American animator and cartoonist, best known for the comic strip Pogo. He began his animation career in 1936 at Walt Disney Studios, contributing to Pinocchio, Fantasia, and Dumbo. In 1941, at the age of 28, Kelly transferred to work at Dell Comics, where he created Pogo, which eventually became his platform for political and philosophical commentary.", "Q860206": "Baron Pierre Charles Fran\u00e7ois Dupin (6 October 1784, Varzy, Ni\u00e8vre \u2013 18 January 1873, Paris, France) was a French Catholic mathematician, engineer, economist and politician, particularly known for work in the field of mathematics, where the Dupin cyclide and Dupin indicatrix are named after him; and for his work in the field of statistical and thematic mapping, In 1826 he created the earliest known choropleth map.", "Q945904": "Jean Girault (9 May 1924 \u2013 24 July 1982) was a French film director and screenwriter. He directed more than thirty films between 1960 and 1982. \n\n", "Q230591": "Carson McCullers (February 19, 1917 \u2013 September 29, 1967) was an American novelist, short story writer, playwright, essayist, and poet. Her first novel, The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, explores the spiritual isolation of misfits and outcasts in a small town of the Southern United States. Her other novels have similar themes and most are set in the deep South.\nMcCullers' work is often described as Southern Gothic and indicative of her southern roots. Critics also describe her writing and eccentric characters as universal in scope. Her stories have been adapted to stage and film. A stage adaptation of her novel The Member of the Wedding (1946), which captures a young girl's feelings at her brother's wedding, made a successful Broadway run in 1950\u201351.\n\n", "Q1451131": "Paul Joseph deLay (January 31, 1952 \u2013 March 7, 2007) was an American blues vocalist and harmonicist.", "Q932554": "Steven Lawrence Rattner (born July 5, 1952) is a New York investment asset manager who served as lead adviser to the Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry in 2009, co-chaired by Timothy Geithner and Lawrence Summers, for the Obama administration. He is currently chairman and chief executive officer of Willett Advisors LLC, the private investment group that manages billionaire former New York mayor Michael Bloomberg's personal and philanthropic assets. He continues to be involved in public policy matters as the economic analyst for MSNBC's Morning Joe, and as a contributing opinion writer for The New York Times op-ed page.\nBefore joining the Obama Administration, he was a managing principal of the Quadrangle Group, a private equity investment firm that specialized in the media and communications industries. Prior to co-founding Quadrangle, he was an investment banker at Lehman Brothers, Morgan Stanley, and Lazard Freres & Co., where he rose to deputy chairman and deputy chief executive officer. Rattner began his career as a journalist for The New York Times.", "Q49762": "The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (German: Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands or CDU; German pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u0281\u026astl\u026a\u00e7 \u02ccdemo\u02c8k\u0281a\u02d0t\u026a\u0283\u0259 \u0294u\u02c8ni\u032fo\u02d0n \u02c8d\u0254\u028ft\u0283lants]) is a Christian-democratic, liberal-conservative political party in Germany. It is the major catch-all party of the centre-right in German politics. The CDU forms the CDU/CSU grouping, also known as the Union, in the Bundestag with its Bavarian counterpart the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU). Founded in 1945 as an interdenominational Christian party, the CDU effectively replaced the pre-war Catholic Centre Party, but also included politicians of other backgrounds, liberal and conservative. The party therefore claims to represent \"Christian-social, liberal and conservative\" elements.The leader of the CDU is Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer. She is the successor of former party leader Angela Merkel, the current Chancellor of Germany. On 10 February 2020, after several political scandals, Kramp-Karrenbauer announced she would resign from the party leadership. The CDU is a member of the Centrist Democrat International, the International Democrat Union and the European People's Party (EPP).", "Q66781": "Gaiserwald is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of St. Gallen in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. The municipality consists of the villages of St. Josefen, Abtwil and Engelburg.\n\n", "Q201994": "Alison Elizabeth Larter (born February 28, 1976) is an American actress and model. She portrayed fictional model Allegra Coleman in a 1996 Esquire magazine hoax and took on guest roles on several television shows in the 1990s. She made her film debut in Varsity Blues (1999), which was followed by the horror films House on Haunted Hill (1999), Final Destination (2000), and Final Destination 2 (2003). Her role as Clear Rivers in the latter two films earned her a reputation as a scream queen.\nLarter played major supporting roles in the comedy Legally Blonde (2001) and the romantic comedy A Lot Like Love, (2005) as well as lead roles in Bollywood movie Marigold (2007) and the thriller Obsessed (2009). She played the dual roles of Niki Sanders and Tracy Strauss on the NBC science fiction drama Heroes (2006\u20132010). She achieved wider recognition for her portrayal of video game heroine Claire Redfield in the action horror film Resident Evil: Extinction (2007), Resident Evil: Afterlife (2010), and Resident Evil: The Final Chapter (2016).Larter's presence in the media is reinforced by her appearances in lists compiled by Maxim, FHM, and Stuff, as well as People magazine's \"Best Dressed List\" in 2007. She released her cookbook, Kitchen Revelry: A Year of Festive Menus from My Home to Yours, in September 2013.", "Q92600": "Alexey Leonidovich Pajitnov (born 16 April 1955) is a Russian video game designer and computer engineer who developed Tetris while working for the Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, a Soviet government-founded R&D center.\nHe only started to get royalties from his creation in 1996 when he and Henk Rogers formed The Tetris Company.", "Q325836": "The Cats (Italian: I bastardi) is a 1968 crime film directed by Duccio Tessari, starring Rita Hayworth and Klaus Kinski.", "Q453251": "Horatio Alger Jr. (; January 13, 1832 \u2013 July 18, 1899) was an American writer of young adult novels about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backgrounds to lives of middle-class security and comfort through hard work, determination, courage, and honesty. His writings were characterized by the \"rags-to-riches\" narrative, which had a formative effect on the United States during the Gilded Age.\nAll of Alger's juvenile novels share essentially the same theme, known as the \"Horatio Alger myth\": a teenage boy works hard to escape poverty. Often it is not hard work that rescues the boy from his fate but rather some extraordinary act of bravery or honesty. The boy might return a large sum of lost money or rescue someone from an overturned carriage. This brings the boy\u2014and his plight\u2014to the attention of a wealthy individual.\nAlger secured his literary niche in 1868 with the publication of his fourth book, Ragged Dick, the story of a poor bootblack's rise to middle-class respectability. This novel was a huge success. His many books that followed were essentially variations on Ragged Dick and featured stock characters: the valiant, hard-working, honest youth; the noble mysterious stranger; the snobbish youth; and the evil, greedy squire.\nIn the 1870s, Alger's fiction was growing stale. His publisher suggested he tour the American West for fresh material to incorporate into his fiction. Alger took a trip to California, but the trip had little effect on his writing: he remained mired in the staid theme of \"poor boy makes good.\" The backdrops of these novels, however, became the American West rather than the urban environments of the northeastern United States.\nIn the last decades of the 19th century, Alger's moral tone coarsened with the change in boys' tastes. The public wanted sensational thrills. The Protestant work ethic was less prevalent in the United States, and violence, murder, and other sensational themes entered Alger's works. Public librarians questioned whether his books should be made available to the young. They were briefly successful, but interest in Alger's novels was renewed in the first decades of the 20th century, and they sold in the thousands. By the time he died in 1899, Alger had published around a hundred volumes. He is buried in Natick, Massachusetts. Since 1947, the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans has awarded scholarships and prizes to deserving individuals.\n\n", "Q8010691": "William Haade (March 2, 1903 \u2013 November 15, 1966) was an American film actor. He appeared in more than 250 films between 1937 and 1957. He was born in New York City, and died in Los Angeles, California.\nHaade was a construction boss until he began acting, appearing in Iron Men (1936) on Broadway. A technical advisor to Norman Bel Geddes recommend Haade to his boss, who sought someone unknown for the play's lead.", "Q49004": "Patrick Wayne Swayze (; August 18, 1952 \u2013 September 14, 2009) was an American actor, dancer, singer, and songwriter. Gaining fame with appearances in films during the 1980s, he became popular for playing tough and romantic male leads, giving him a wide fan base with female audiences and a status as a sex symbol. He was named by People magazine as its Sexiest Man Alive in 1991. \nDuring his career, Swayze received three Golden Globe Award nominations, for Dirty Dancing (1987), Ghost (1990), and To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything, Julie Newmar (1995). He wrote and recorded the popular song \"She's Like the Wind\" and was posthumously awarded the Rolex Dance Award in 2012. Swayze died of cancer in 2009. He was 57 years old.", "Q82413": "Foxes is a 1980 American coming of age drama film directed by Adrian Lyne, in his feature directorial debut, and written by Gerald Ayres. The film stars Jodie Foster, Scott Baio, Sally Kellerman, Randy Quaid, and Cherie Currie, in her acting debut. It revolves around a group of teenage girls coming of age in suburban Los Angeles toward the end of the disco era.\nFoxes was theatrically released on February 29, 1980, by PolyGram Pictures.\nThe film was Foster's penultimate major film appearance before taking a sabbatical from acting to attend Yale. It received several positive reviews from critics and was a moderate box office success grossing $7,470,348 in North America. The film has attained a cult status and is often cited amongst the greatest teenage-centric films.", "Q720561": "Alan H. Weisman (born March 24, 1947) is an American author, professor and journalist.", "Q3308472": "Michael Richard Daniell Foot, (14 December 1919 \u2013 18 February 2012), known as M. R. D. Foot, was a British military historian and former British Army intelligence officer and special operations operative during the Second World War.\n\n", "Q70685": "Rovray is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q14524548": "Seventeen (Korean: \uc138\ube10\ud2f4), also stylized as SEVENTEEN or SVT, is a South Korean boy band formed by Pledis Entertainment in 2015. The group consists of 13 members divided into three sub-units, each with a different area of specialization: 'Hip-Hop Unit', 'Vocal Unit', and 'Performance Unit'. Seventeen has released three studio albums and six extended plays.\nSeventeen has been considered a \"self-producing\" idol group, with the members being actively involved in the songwriting, choreographing, and other aspects of the group.", "Q930425": "Clay Shirky (born 1964) is an American writer, consultant and teacher on the social and economic effects of Internet technologies and journalism.\nHe has a joint appointment at New York University (NYU) as a Distinguished Writer in Residence at the Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute and Assistant Arts Professor in the New Media focused graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program (ITP). His courses address, among other things, the interrelated effects of the topology of social networks and technological networks, how our networks shape culture and vice versa.He has written and been interviewed about the Internet since 1996. His columns and writings have appeared in Business 2.0, The New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Harvard Business Review and Wired. Shirky divides his time between consulting, teaching, and writing on the social and economic effects of Internet technologies. His consulting practice is focused on the rise of decentralized technologies such as peer-to-peer, web services, and wireless networks that provide alternatives to the wired client\u2013server infrastructure that characterizes the World Wide Web. He is a member of the Wikimedia Foundation's advisory board. In The Long Tail, Chris Anderson calls Shirky \"a prominent thinker on the social and economic effects of Internet technologies.\"", "Q212730": "Steven Arthur Pinker (born September 18, 1954) is a Canadian-American cognitive psychologist, linguist, and popular science author. He is Johnstone Family Professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University, and is known for his advocacy of evolutionary psychology and the computational theory of mind.\nPinker's academic specializations are visual cognition and psycholinguistics. His experimental subjects include mental imagery, shape recognition, visual attention, children's language development, regular and irregular phenomena in language, the neural bases of words and grammar, and the psychology of cooperation and communication, including euphemism, innuendo, emotional expression, and common knowledge. He has written two technical books that proposed a general theory of language acquisition and applied it to children's learning of verbs. In particular, his work with Alan Prince published in 1989 critiqued the connectionist model of how children acquire the past tense of English verbs, arguing instead that children use default rules such as adding \"-ed\" to make regular forms, sometimes in error, but are obliged to learn irregular forms one by one.\nPinker is also the author of eight books for general audiences. His earlier works argue that the human faculty for language is an instinct, an innate behavior shaped by natural selection and adapted to our communication needs. The Language Instinct (1994), How the Mind Works (1997), Words and Rules (2000), The Blank Slate (2002), and The Stuff of Thought (2007), describe aspects of [the field of] psycholinguistics and cognitive science, and include accounts of his own research. Pinker's The Sense of Style (2014), as a general style guide, is another language-oriented work. Informed by modern science and psychology, it offers advice on how to produce more comprehensible and unambiguous writing in nonfiction contexts and explains why so much of today's academic and popular writing is difficult for readers to understand.\nPinker's two other books for the public leave behind individual questions of language and learning in favor of broader societal themes. The Better Angels of Our Nature (2011) makes the case that violence in human societies has, in general, steadily declined with time, and identifies six major causes of this decline. Enlightenment Now (2018) continues the optimistic thesis of The Better Angels of Our Nature by using social science data from various sources to argue for a general improvement of the human condition over recent history.\nPinker has been named as one of the world's most influential intellectuals by various magazines. He has won awards from the American Psychological Association, the National Academy of Sciences, the Royal Institution, the Cognitive Neuroscience Society and the American Humanist Association. He delivered the Gifford Lectures at the University of Edinburgh in 2013. He has served on the editorial boards of a variety of journals, and on the advisory boards of several institutions. He has frequently participated in public debates on science and society.", "Q44520": "Anne Bront\u00eb (, commonly ; 17 January 1820 \u2013 28 May 1849) was an English novelist and poet, the youngest member of the Bront\u00eb literary family.\nThe daughter of Patrick Bront\u00eb, a poor Irish clergyman in the Church of England, Anne Bront\u00eb lived most of her life with her family at the parish of Haworth on the Yorkshire moors. She also attended a boarding school in Mirfield between 1836 and 1837. At 19 she left Haworth and worked as a governess between 1839 and 1845. After leaving her teaching position, she fulfilled her literary ambitions. She published a volume of poetry with her sisters (Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell, 1846) and two novels. Agnes Grey, based upon her experiences as a governess, was published in 1847. Her second and last novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, which is considered to be one of the first sustained feminist novels, appeared in 1848. Like her poems, both her novels were first published under the masculine pen name of Acton Bell. Anne's life was cut short when she died of what is now suspected to be pulmonary tuberculosis at the age of 29.\nPartly because the re-publication of The Tenant of Wildfell Hall was prevented by Charlotte Bront\u00eb after Anne's death, she is not as well known as her sisters. However, her novels, like those of her sisters, have become classics of English literature.", "Q88658": "Egon Eis, born Egon Eisler (6 October 1910 \u2013 6 September 1994) was an Austrian screenwriter. He wrote for 49 films between 1930 and 1983. Eis was forced into exile during the Nazi era, but returned to work in the German film industry after the Second World War where he worked on the popular series of Edgar Wallace films as well as other projects. He was born in Vienna, Austria and died in Munich, Germany. His brother Otto Eis was also a screenwriter.\n\n", "Q80204": "Anna Karenina is a 2012 historical romantic drama film directed by Joe Wright. Adapted by Tom Stoppard from Leo Tolstoy's 1877 novel of the same name and a remake of the 1985 film of the same name, the film depicts the tragedy of Russian aristocrat and socialite Anna Karenina, wife of senior statesman Alexei Karenin, and her affair with the affluent officer Count Vronsky which leads to her ultimate demise. Keira Knightley stars in the lead role as Karenina, marking her third collaboration with Wright following both Pride & Prejudice (2005) and Atonement (2007), while Jude Law and Aaron Taylor-Johnson appear as Karenin and Vronsky, respectively. Matthew Macfadyen, Kelly Macdonald, Domhnall Gleeson and Alicia Vikander appear in key supporting roles.\nProduced by Working Title Films in association with StudioCanal, the film premiered at the 2012 Toronto Film Festival. It was released on 7 September 2012 in the United Kingdom and on 9 November 2012 in the United States. Anna Karenina earned a worldwide gross of approximately $69 million, mostly from its international run. It earned a rating of 64 percent from review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, labelling it generally favourable. Critics praised the cast, but commented on and criticised the heavily stylised adaptation, and were less enthusiastic with Wright's preference for style over substance and his idea of setting most of the action on a theatre stage.\nIt earned four nominations at the 85th Academy Awards and six nominations at the 66th British Academy Film Awards, winning Jacqueline Durran both prizes for Best Costume Design. In addition, Anna Karenina garnered six nominations at the 17th Satellite Awards, including a Best Actress nod for Knightley and Best Adapted Screenplay for Stoppard.", "Q863069": "William Lee \"Billy\" Currie (born 1 April 1950, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England) is an English violist, violinist, pianist, keyboardist, and songwriter. He is best known for his work with new wave band Ultravox, who achieved their greatest commercial success in the 1980s.", "Q64828": "Ernst Emil Heinrich Biberstein (or Bieberstein) (15 February 1899, Hilchenbach \u2013 8 December 1986) was an SS-Obersturmbannf\u00fchrer (Lieutenant Colonel), member of the SD and \ncommanding officer of Einsatzkommando 6. He was born Ernst Schzymanowski or Szymanowski.", "Q214341": "The University of Amsterdam (abbreviated as UvA, Dutch: Universiteit van Amsterdam) is a public university located in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The UvA is one of two large, publicly funded research universities in the city, the other being the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU). Established in 1632 by municipal authorities and later renamed for the city of Amsterdam, the University of Amsterdam is the third-oldest university in the Netherlands. It is one of the largest research universities in Europe with 31,186 students, 4,794 staff, 1,340 PhD students and an annual budget of \u20ac600 million. It is the largest university in the Netherlands by enrollment. The main campus is located in central Amsterdam, with a few faculties located in adjacent boroughs. The university is organised into seven faculties: Humanities, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Economics and Business, Science, Law, Medicine, Dentistry.\nThe University of Amsterdam has produced six Nobel Laureates and five prime ministers of the Netherlands. The University of Amsterdam has been placed in the top 100 universities in the world by four major ranking tables. By the QS World University Rankings it was ranked 50th in the world, 15th in Europe, and 1st in the Netherlands in 2014. The university placed in the top 50 worldwide in seven fields in the 2011 QS World University Rankings in the fields of linguistics, sociology, philosophy, geography, science, Economics and econometrics, and accountancy and finance.\nIn 2018 and 2019 the two departments of Media and Communication were commonly ranked 1st in the world by subject by QS Ranking.\nClose ties are harbored with other institutions internationally through its membership in the League of European Research Universities (LERU), the Institutional Network of the Universities from the Capitals of Europe (UNICA), European University Association (EUA), the International Student Exchange Programs (ISEP), and Universitas 21.", "Q88880": "Peter Igelhoff (born Rudolf August Ordnung, 22 July 1904 in Vienna \u2013 8 April 1978 in Bad Reichenhall) was an Austrian pianist, light music and film composer, arranger and entertainer;[1] he took his mother's maiden name as soon as he resolved on a career in light entertainment.\nIgelhoff made an early career as a jazz pianist in bars before deciding to hone his playing style by studying in London in the early 1930s. He moved to Amsterdam and later in 1935 to Berlin where he became extremely busy in film and recording studio work with a group including fellow composer-pianist Georg Haentzschel (1907-1992). Many of Igelhoff's light songs sold very well and his career was not hindered initially by the outbreak of war in 1939, although by and by the National Socialists started to deem his music too American in style and it was eventually banned. By the later 1940s his style went slightly out of fashion but he managed to keep reasonably busy almost to the end of his life, by which time his work had been rewarded with a professorship.Igelhoff was an extremely able pianist with an enviable concert technique, accompanying his light tenor voice (and occasionally his virtuoso whistling) in songs.", "Q14317": "Oviedo (UK: , US: , Spanish: [o\u02c8\u03b2je\u00f0o]; Asturian: Uvi\u00e9u [u\u02c8\u03b2je\u028a]) is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain and the administrative and commercial centre of the region. It is also the name of the municipality that contains the city. Oviedo is located approximately 24 km (15 mi) southwest of Gij\u00f3n and 23 km (14 mi) south of Avil\u00e9s, both of which lie on the shoreline of the Bay of Biscay. Its proximity to the ocean causes Oviedo to have a maritime climate, in spite of its not being located on the shoreline itself.", "Q156874": "Law and Justice (Polish: Prawo i Sprawiedliwo\u015b\u0107 [\u02c8prav\u0254 i spravj\u025bd\u02c8liv\u0254\u0255t\u0255] (listen); PiS) is a national-conservative, Christian democratic and right-wing populist political party in Poland, a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party. With 198 seats in the Polish Sejm and 48 in the Senate, PiS is currently the largest political party in the Polish parliament. The current twenty-five PiS MEPs sit in the European Conservatives and Reformists Group in the European Parliament.\nThe party was founded in 2001 by the Kaczy\u0144ski twins, Lech and Jaros\u0142aw, as a centrist and Christian democratic party. It was formed from part of the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS), with the Christian democratic Centre Agreement forming the new party's core. The party won the 2005 election, while Lech Kaczy\u0144ski won the presidency. Law and Justice formed coalition with far-right (now moderate right) League of Polish Families and populist Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland. Jaros\u0142aw served as Prime Minister, before calling elections in 2007, in which the party came in second to Civic Platform (PO). In these elections PiS lost most of the moderate electorate and took over voters from former coalition members and turned to nationalism and populism. League of Polish Families and Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland had no longer members in parliament. Several leading members, including sitting president Lech Kaczy\u0144ski, died in a plane crash in 2010.\nThe party programme is dominated by the Kaczy\u0144skis' conservative and law and order agenda. It has embraced economic interventionism, while maintaining a socially conservative stance that in 2005 moved towards the Catholic Church; the party's Catholic-nationalist wing split off in 2011 to form Solidary Poland but then formed a joint ballot with PiS before the 2015 elections. The party is solidarist and mildly Eurosceptic, and shares similar political tactics with Hungary's Fidesz but with anti-Russian stances.", "Q89546": "Baron Joseph Freiherr von Hammer-Purgstall (9 June 1774 in Graz \u2013 23 November 1856 in Vienna) was an Austrian orientalist and historian.", "Q318209": "Shintaro Abe (\u5b89\u500d \u664b\u592a\u90ce, Abe Shintar\u014d, 29 April 1924 \u2013 15 May 1991) was a Japanese politician from Yamaguchi Prefecture. He was a leading member of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). He served as foreign minister from 1982 to 1986.\n\n", "Q116288": "Yi Mun-yol (born May 18, 1948) is a South Korean writer.", "Q207473": "C\u0103lin Constantin Anton Popescu-T\u0103riceanu (Romanian pronunciation: [k\u0259\u02c8lin konstan\u02c8tin an\u02c8ton po\u02c8pesku t\u0259ri\u02c8t\u0283e\u032fanu]; born 14 January 1952) is a Romanian politician who was Prime Minister of Romania from 29 December 2004 to 22 December 2008. He was also president of the National Liberal Party (PNL) and the vice-president of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR), two positions he assumed in 2004. He was the President of the Senate, second position in the Romanian state, from 10 March 2014 until he resigned on 2 September 2019, having previously resigned from the PNL party, becoming an independent senator. In July 2014, he established the Liberal Reformist Party.\n\n", "Q122105": "Karl Aderhold (30 June 1884 in Stolberg, Province of Saxony \u2013 20 June 1921 in Hanover) was a German politician. He represented the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany.\nThe son of a miner, he came from the Harz Mountains, and until 1898 attended elementary school in Stolberg. He then learned the carpentry trade. In 1917 he joined the Independents and from November 1918, Aderhold worked for the Hanoverian Workers' and Soldiers group and represented them until 1919 as deputy chief of police in Hanover's police headquarters. He was a city councilman in Hanover and 1919 was elected to the German constitutional National Assembly. From 1919 until his early death in 1921 he was a Superintendent and member of the Hanoverian Provincial Diet.", "Q3168302": "Jean-Pascal Tricoire (born 1963) is the CEO and chairman of Schneider Electric, the global specialist of energy management and industrial automation, with \u20ac25.7bn in revenues in 2018, 137,000+ employees worldwide, and a global presence in over 100 countries.", "Q154093": "Karel Werner (12 January 1925\u201326 November 2019) was an indologist, orientalist, religious studies scholar, and philosopher of religion born in Jemnice in what is now the Czech Republic.", "Q1176745": "David Alan Stockman (born November 10, 1946) is an American politician and former businessman who was a Republican U.S. Representative from the state of Michigan (1977\u20131981) and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (1981\u20131985) under President Ronald Reagan.\n\n", "Q58121": "Erkki Sakari Tuomioja (born 1 July 1946) is a Finnish politician and a member of the Finnish Parliament. From 2000 to 2007 and 2011 to 2015, he served as the Minister for Foreign Affairs. He was President of the Nordic Council in 2008.Tuomioja is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Finland, although his political views are thought to be more to the left than the party line. He is also a member of ATTAC. In the past, Tuomioja has dated the former Finnish president Tarja Halonen.Tuomioja comes from a family of politicians. His father Sakari Tuomioja was a prominent liberal Finnish politician and diplomat, and the challenger of Urho Kekkonen for the conservatives and liberals in the 1956 presidential elections. His maternal grandmother was Hella Wuolijoki, the Estonian born writer and socialist activist.Tuomioja holds the degrees of Master of Social Sciences (1971) and Master of Science in Economics and Business Administration (1974) from the Helsinki School of Economics, as well as Licentiate in Social Sciences (1980) and Doctor in Social Sciences (1996) from the University of Helsinki. In addition to Finnish, Tuomioja speaks Swedish, English, French, German and Estonian.Tuomioja has been a member of the Finnish Parliament 1970\u20131979 and 1991\u2013present. He held the position of Minister of Trade and Industry in Lipponen's 2nd government, and became the Minister of Foreign Affairs after Tarja Halonen was elected the President of Finland. Tuomioja is the longest serving Minister for Foreign Affairs of Finland.\nTuomioja, like several other Finnish socialist politicians of today, took part in the illegal occupation of the Old Student House (Vanha ylioppilastalo) in Helsinki on 25 November 1968. He was a member of the anti-war group Committee of 100 of Finland and took part in the so-called Erik Sch\u00fcller case, in which a group of students made public incitement against obligatory conscription. Despite his anti-war stance, Tuomioja did carry out his own mandatory military service and is a reservist staff sergeant.Tuomioja is the author of several books. His A Delicate Shade of Pink about his grandmother Hella Wuolijoki and her sister Salme Murrik won the Non-Fiction Finlandia Prize in 2006. The book was originally written in English and translated to Finnish as H\u00e4iv\u00e4hdys punaista.Tuomioja was behind the initiative to establish Historians without Borders in Finland as an NGO. He has acted as Chairman of the Board of HWB Finland since the founding meeting in the summer of 2015.Tuomioja is a declared atheist.", "Q1438811": "Warren Allen Smith (October 27, 1921 \u2013 January 9, 2017) was an American gay rights activist, writer and humanities humanist.", "Q1825205": "Bj\u00f8rn \"Lillebj\u00f8rn\" Falk Nilsen (born 21 December 1950) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter and folk musician. He was born in Oslo, and is considered by some to be the leading \"voice of Oslo\", thanks to numerous classic songs about the city from the 1970s and onwards. \nHe also makes up the Norwegian supergroup Gitarkameratene with Jan Eggum, Halvdan Sivertsen and \u00d8ystein Sunde.\nIn 1987 he received the Fritt Ord Honorary Award.Nilsen has collaborated with his friend and idol Pete Seeger on numerous occasions. He adapted Pete Seeger's song My Rainbow Race into Norwegian as Barn av regnbuen (\"Children of the Rainbow\"). Anders Behring Breivik said that he hated that song, and saw it as a symbol of \"cultural Marxism\" and multiculturalism. In response, on 26 April 2012, over 40,000 Norwegians sang it publicly outside his trial.", "Q701587": "Ferenc Fejt\u0151 (August 31, 1909 \u2013 June 2, 2008), also known as Fran\u00e7ois Fejt\u0151, was a Hungarian-born French journalist and political scientist, specializing in Eastern Europe.\nHe was born in Nagykanizsa to a well-off Jewish Hungarian family of booksellers and publishers. Following the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, several members of his family became Yugoslavian, Italian, Czechoslovak and Romanian citizens.\nHe studied literature at P\u00e9cs and Budapest universities, alongside Slavic, German and Italian students. In 1932, he was condemned to a year in prison for organizing a Marxist study group. In 1934, he enrolled in the Social Democratic Party, where he contributed to the N\u00e9pszava daily and to the Szocializmus journal. In 1935, together with the poet Attila J\u00f3zsef and the publicist P\u00e1l Ignotus, he founded the anti-fascist and anti-Stalinist literary journal Sz\u00e9p Sz\u00f3. He published Sartre, Mounier, and Maritain. In 1938, following a sentence of six months in prison for an article criticizing the pro-German stance of the government, he left Hungary for France. During the Second World War, he took part in the French Resistance.\nIn 1945, Fran\u00e7ois Fejt\u0151 headed the press department of the Hungarian embassy in Paris. He resigned his position in protest against the condemnation of his longtime friend L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Rajk, and cut all links with Hungary. He returned to his native country only once, for Imre Nagy's national funeral in 1989.\nAfter the war, Fejt\u0151 attended the Congr\u00e8s des intellectuels pour la libert\u00e9, alongside Raymond Aron, Fran\u00e7ois Bondy, and David Rousset. The publication in 1952 of his book A History of the People's Democracies (translated in seventeen languages and re-edited several times) earned him suspicion on the part of several intellectual figures close to the French Communist Party.\nBetween 1944 and 1979 he worked at the Agence France-Presse as a journalist commenting on Eastern European events. He acquired French citizenship in 1955. Between 1972 and 1984, he taught at the Institut d'\u00e9tudes politiques de Paris. In 1973, a jury presided over by Raymond Aron granted him the title of docteur \u00e8s lettres for his literary output.\nFran\u00e7ois Fejt\u0151 devoted most of his journalistic and literary career to the study of Eastern European regimes. In his lifetime, he observed their birth, growth, decline and fall.\nHe also contributed to numerous French and non-French journals and newspapers, including Esprit, Arguments, Contre-Point, Commentaire, Le Monde, Le Figaro, La Croix, Il Giornale, La Vanguardia, Magyar H\u00edrlap and The European Journal of International Affairs.\nFran\u00e7ois Fejt\u0151 remains one of the great European intellectual figures of the 20th century. Close friends with Nizan, Mounier and Camus, critical interlocutor of Malraux and Sartre, he met with leaders of the Comintern and the Communist movement, talked to the masters of the Kremlin, to Tito, Castro and Willy Brandt, and both admired and criticized Charles de Gaulle and Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand. On his death, Hungary declared a period of national mourning.", "Q486450": "Baden (German for \"Baths\"; Central Bavarian: Bodn), unofficially distinguished from other Badens as Baden bei Wien (Baden near Vienna), is a spa town in Austria. It serves as the capital of Baden District in the state of Lower Austria. Located about 26 km (16 mi) south of Vienna, the municipality consists of cadastral Baden, Braiten, Gamingerhof, Leesdorf, Mitterberg, Rauhenstein, and Weikersdorf.", "Q311": "P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery (French: Cimeti\u00e8re du P\u00e8re-Lachaise [simtj\u025b\u0281 dy p\u025b\u0281 la\u0283\u025b\u02d0z]; formerly cimeti\u00e8re de l'Est, \"Cemetery of the East\") is the largest cemetery in Paris, France (44 hectares or 110 acres). With more than 3.5 million visitors annually, it is the most visited necropolis in the world.\nThe P\u00e8re Lachaise is located in the 20th arrondissement and was the first garden cemetery, as well as the first municipal cemetery in Paris. It is also the site of three World War I memorials. The cemetery is located on the Boulevard de M\u00e9nilmontant. The Paris M\u00e9tro station Philippe Auguste on Line 2 is next to the main entrance, while the station P\u00e8re Lachaise, on both Line 2 and Line 3, is 500 meters away near a side entrance.\n\n", "Q559740": "Sima Xiangru (pronounced [s\u0279\u0329\u0301m\u00e0 \u0255j\u00e1\u014b\u027b\u01d4], Chinese: \u53f8\u99ac\u76f8\u5982; c. 179 \u2013 117 BC) was a Chinese poet, writer, musician, and politician who lived during the Western Han dynasty. Sima is a significant figure in the history of Classical Chinese poetry, and is generally regarded as the greatest of all composers of Chinese fu rhapsodies. His poetry includes his invention or at least development of the fu form, applying new metrical rhythms to the lines of poetry, which he mixed with lines of prose, and provided with several of what would in ensuing centuries become among a group of common set topics for this genre. Sima Xiangru was also versatile enough to write in the Chu ci style, while it was enjoying a renaissance, and he also wrote lyrics in what would become known as the yuefu formal style.", "Q6581823": "The Southern Netherlands, also called the Catholic Netherlands, was the part of the Low Countries largely controlled by Spain (1556\u20131714), later Austria (1714\u20131794), and occupied then annexed by France (1794\u20131815). The region also included a number of smaller states that were never ruled by Spain or Austria: the Prince-Bishopric of Li\u00e8ge, the Imperial Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy, the County of Bouillon, the County of Horne and the Princely Abbey of Thorn. The Southern Netherlands were part of the Holy Roman Empire until the whole area was annexed by Revolutionary France.\nThe Southern Netherlands comprised most of modern-day Belgium and Luxembourg, some parts of the Netherlands and Germany (the region of Upper Guelders, now divided between Germany and the modern Dutch Province of Limburg and in 1713 largely ceded to Prussia and the Bitburg area in Germany, then part of Luxembourg) as well as, until 1678, most of the present Nord-Pas-de-Calais region and the Longwy area in northern France.", "Q290069": "Taggart is a 1964 American Color Western film directed by R. G. Springsteen and starring Tony Young, Dan Duryea, Dick Foran, Elsa C\u00e1rdenas and Jean Hale. It was the film debut of David Carradine.", "Q97750": "Johann Leonhard Rost (14 August 1688 \u2013 22 March 1727) was a German astronomer and author from Nuremberg. He wrote under the alias Meletaon.\nThe crater Rost on the Moon is named after him.", "Q43267": "The Jackson 5 (stylized as the Jackson 5ive), later known as the Jacksons, is an American pop band composed of members of the Jackson family. The group was founded in 1965 in Gary, Indiana, by brothers Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine, with younger brothers Marlon and Michael joining soon after.The Jackson 5 performed in talent shows and clubs on the Chitlin' Circuit, then signed with Steeltown Records in 1967 and released two singles. In 1968, they left Steeltown Records and signed with Motown, where they were first group to debut with four consecutive number one hits on the Billboard Hot 100 with the songs \"I Want You Back\", \"ABC\", \"The Love You Save\", and \"I'll Be There\". They also achieved 16 top-40 singles on the chart. The group left Motown for Epic Records in early 1976, with the exception of Jermaine, who was replaced by Randy. At Epic, they released four studio albums and one live album between 1976 and 1981, including the successful albums Destiny (1978) and Triumph (1980) and the singles \"Enjoy Yourself\", \"Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)\", and \"Can You Feel It\". \nThe brothers also released solo albums, most successfully Michael. In 1983, Jermaine reunited with the band to perform on the Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever TV special. They released the Victory album the following year, followed by an extensive tour which also featured songs from Michael's solo albums. After the Victory tour, Michael and Randy Jackson left the group. The remaining four released the poorly received 2300 Jackson Street album in 1989 before being dropped from their label. In 2001, the Jacksons reunited on Michael's 30th Anniversary Celebration TV special. The four eldest of the brothers embarked on their Unity Tour in 2012 following Michael's death, and they planned several major performances for 2017.The Jackson 5 have sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling bands of all time. In 1980 the brothers were honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame as the Jacksons. They were inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997 and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999. Two of the band's recordings (\"ABC\" and \"I Want You Back\") are among the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll and, alongside \"I'll Be There\", were also inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.", "Q2739759": "John Milne (30 December 1850 \u2013 31 July 1913) was a British geologist and mining engineer who worked on a horizontal seismograph.", "Q1686835": "Yenakiieve (Ukrainian: \u0404\u043d\u00e1\u043a\u0456\u0454\u0432\u0435, Yenakiieve; Russian: \u0415\u043d\u0430\u0301\u043a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u043e, Yenakiyevo), a city in the Donetsk Oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine, is incorporated as a city of oblast significance (a special status within the region equal to that of a raion (district)). The city stands on the Krynka River about 60 kilometres (37 mi) from the oblast's administrative center, Donetsk. Its population is approximately 79,348\u2009(2017 est.).\nYenakiieve is an important regional centre of coal mining, metallurgy, chemical production and manufacturing. The city's outdated industry has caused accidents like that of a gas explosion which occurred in June 2008 at one of Yenakiieve's coal mines.\nYenakiieve was founded in 1898 when numerous workers' settlements around the Peter's Iron and Steel Works were united into a single settlement named after Fyodor Yenakiyev. Its first coal mines had dated from 1883. The settlement was incorporated as a city in 1925. By 1958, the city and factories had expanded significantly and overtook the out-lying villages of Simyukuo, Yevrah, and Tsiminyenny, all of which were resettled in their entirety when local livestock could not survive the expanding steel mills' runoff and pollution.\nOne of the oldest metallurgical factories of Ukraine\u2014the Yenakiieve Iron and Steel Works\u2014operates in Yenakiieve.\nThe city is known as the birthplace of the former President of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych (in office 2010\u20132014).", "Q64800": "Flerden (Romansh: Flearda) is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q97988": "J\u00fcrgen Linden (born January 13, 1947) is a German politician (Social Democratic Party of Germany) and was Lord Mayor of Aachen from 1989 to 2009.", "Q45170": "Kurt Koch (born 15 March 1950) is a Swiss prelate of the Catholic Church. He has been a cardinal since November 2010 and President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity since 1 July 2010. He was the bishop of Basel from 1996 until 2010.", "Q523952": "Radka Denemarkov\u00e1 (born March 14, 1968 in Kutn\u00e1 Hora) is a Czech novelist, dramatist, TV screenplay writer, translator, essayist. Radka Denemarkova is the only Czech writer who has received Magnesia Litera Award three times (in different categories \u2013 for prose, non-fiction and translation). She studied German and Czech at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University, gaining her doctorate in 1997. She worked as a researcher at the Institute for Czech Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and was dramatic advisor at the Na z\u00e1bradl\u00ed theatre in Prague. She has been freelance since 2004. Radka Denemarkov\u00e1\u2019s works have been translated into 19 languages. She lives in Prague with daughter Ester and son Jan.\n\n", "Q3672115": "Lolo Letalu Matalasi (born August 12, 1947) is an American Samoan politician, educator, businessman. Moliga was elected Governor of American Samoa in the 2012 gubernatorial election.", "Q63809": "Erich Neumann (born 31 May 1892 \u2013 died 1948 or 23 March 1951) was a Nazi politician.\nNeumann was born in Forst (Lausitz) into a Protestant family. His father was a factory owner.After receiving his Abitur, Neumann studied law and economics at the universities of Freiburg, Leipzig and Halle. He served in World War I and reached the rank of First Lieutenant (Oberleutnant). In 1920, he served as governmental civil servant (Regierungsassessor) in the Prussian Ministry of the Interior, and thereafter in the Essen District Office.\nNeumann became Senior Executive Officer (Regierungsrat) in the Prussian Ministry of Commerce in 1923. In 1927/28, he became District President (Landrat) in Freystadt (Lower Silesia), then served as Ministerial Junior Assistant Secretary (Ministerialrat) again in the Prussian Ministry of Commerce. In September 1932, he was appointed Permanent Secretary (Ministerialdirektor) in the Prussian Ministry of State, where he was in charge of administrative reforms.Neumann joined the Nazi Party in May 1933, four months after Adolf Hitler took power. He joined the SS in 1934, being commissioned as a Major (Sturmbannf\u00fchrer). In 1936, he was appointed the director of the Foreign Currency department of the Office of the Plenipotentiary for the Four Year Plan. By 1938, Neumann was promoted to undersecretary and attended Hermann G\u00f6ring's meeting about the \"Aryanisation\" of the German economy. He represented the Ministries of Economy, Labour, Finances, Food, Transport and Armaments and Ammunition at the 1942 Wannsee Conference. Neumann requested that Jewish workers in firms essential to the war effort not be deported for the time being. Between August 1942 and May 1945, Neumann was the general manager of the German Potassium Syndicate.\nHe was interned and interrogated by the Allies in 1945 after the war but released due to poor health in 1948. Some sources quote his death being in the same year, however, the German Federal Archives record him as dying three years later in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, on 23 March 1951.\n\n", "Q255335": "Connie Booth (born 1939/40 or 1941 or 1944) is an American-born writer, actress, comedian and psychotherapist based in Britain. She has appeared in several British television programmes and films, including her role as Polly Sherman on BBC2's Fawlty Towers, which she co-wrote with her then-husband John Cleese.\nFor 30 years Booth declined to talk about Fawlty Towers until she agreed to participate in a documentary about the series for the digital channel Gold in 2009.", "Q3840596": "Dark wave or darkwave is a music genre that emerged from the new wave and post-punk movement of the late 1970s. Dark wave compositions are largely based on minor key tonality and introspective lyrics, and have been perceived as being dark, romantic, and bleak, with an undertone of sorrow. Common features include the use of chordophones such as electric and acoustic guitar, violin, and piano, as well as electronic instruments such as synthesizer, sampler, and drum machine. The genre embraces a range of styles including cold wave, ethereal wave, gothic rock, neoclassical dark wave, and neofolk.In the 1980s, a subculture developed primarily in Europe alongside dark wave music, whose followers were called wavers or dark wavers. In some countries such as Germany, the movement also included fans of gothic rock (so-called trad-goths).", "Q456467": "Amazon Women on the Moon is a 1987 American satirical comedy film that parodies the experience of watching low-budget movies on late-night television. The film, featuring a large ensemble cast, was written by Michael Barrie and Jim Mulholland, and takes the form of a compilation of 21 comedy skits directed by five different directors: Joe Dante, Carl Gottlieb, Peter Horton, John Landis, and Robert K. Weiss.\nThe title Amazon Women on the Moon refers to the central film-within-a-film, a spoof of science-fiction films from the 1950s that borrows heavily from Queen of Outer Space (1958) starring Zsa Zsa Gabor, itself a film that recycles elements of earlier science-fiction works such as Cat-Women of the Moon (1953), Fire Maidens from Outer Space (1955), and Forbidden Planet (1956).Film actors making cameo appearances in various sketches included Rosanna Arquette, Ralph Bellamy, Griffin Dunne, Carrie Fisher, Steve Forrest, Steve Guttenberg, Michelle Pfeiffer, Kelly Preston, and Henry Silva, alongside television actors such as Ed Begley Jr., Bryan Cranston, David Alan Grier, Howard Hesseman, Peter Horton, William Marshall, Joe Pantoliano, Robert Picardo, and Roxie Roker.\nOther notable people in the cast included voice actors Corey Burton and Phil Hartman, talk show host Arsenio Hall, adult film actress Monique Gabrielle, science-fiction writer Forrest J. Ackerman, B-movie stars Lana Clarkson and Sybil Danning, musician B.B. King, radio personalities Roger Barkley and Al Lohman, composer Ira Newborn, director Russ Meyer, model Corinne Wahl, comedian Andrew Dice Clay, Firesign Theater member Phil Proctor, and independent film actor Paul Bartel.\nJohn Landis had previously directed The Kentucky Fried Movie (1977), which employed a similar sketch anthology format.", "Q7516": "Jonathan Lee Miller (born 15 November 1972) is an English-American film, television and theatre actor. He achieved early success for his portrayal of Simon \"Sick Boy\" Williamson in the dark comedy drama film Trainspotting (1996) and as Crash Override in Hackers (1995), before earning further critical recognition for his performances in Afterglow (1997), Mansfield Park (1999), The Flying Scotsman (2006), Endgame (2009) and T2 Trainspotting (2017); for The Flying Scotsman he received a London Film Critics' Circle nomination for Actor of the Year. He was also part of the principal cast in the films Melinda and Melinda (2004), Dark Shadows (2012) and Byzantium (2013). He has appeared in several theatrical productions on Broadway, most notably After Miss Julie and Frankenstein, the latter of which earned him an Olivier Award for Best Actor.Miller starred as the title character in the ABC comedy-drama Eli Stone for which he received a Satellite Award nomination for Best Actor. This was followed by another starring role in the BBC costume drama Emma and a supporting role as Jordan Chase in the fifth season of the Showtime drama Dexter. From 2012 to 2019 he starred as a modern-day version of Sherlock Holmes in the CBS crime drama Elementary which earned him his second Satellite Award nomination for Best Actor.", "Q88116": "Wladimir von Pawlowski (29 August 1891 \u2013 1961) was an Austrian lawyer and Nazi politician, who served as Gauleiter (Party Leader) and Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor) of Carinthia after Austria was annexed by the Nazi Germany.\nPawlowski held these offices from 1 April 1940 to 27 November 1941. Before Anschluss he sat in the Carinthia landtag. He also was a member of the Schutzstaffel (SS) with an SS number of 292,801. On 21 June 1939, he was promoted to the rank of SS-Standartenf\u00fchrer.", "Q35497": "Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD. It is often roughly divided into the Archaic period (9th to 6th centuries BC), Classical period (5th and 4th centuries BC), and Hellenistic period (Koine Greek, 3rd century BC to 4th century AD).\nIt is preceded by Mycenaean Greek and succeeded by Medieval Greek. Koine is regarded as a separate historical stage although its earliest form closely resembles Attic Greek and its latest form approaches Medieval Greek. There were several regional dialects of Ancient Greek, of which Attic Greek developed into Koine.\nAncient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Epic and Classical periods of the language.", "Q1374840": "Sir Horace Darwin, (13 May 1851 \u2013 22 September 1928), was an English civil engineer and a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.", "Q272952": "Bonnie Lynn Hunt (born September 22, 1961) is an American comedian, actress, director, producer, writer and television host. Her film roles include Rain Man, Beethoven, Beethoven's 2nd, Jumanji, Jerry Maguire, The Green Mile, Cheaper by the Dozen, and Cheaper by the Dozen 2.\nHunt has done voice work in A Bug's Life, Zootopia, and the Monsters, Inc., Cars, and Toy Story franchises. She starred in Grand and Davis Rules, as well as creating, producing, writing, and starring in The Building, Bonnie, and Life with Bonnie. From 2008 to 2010, she hosted The Bonnie Hunt Show.\n\n", "Q209338": "Oxnard () is a city in Ventura County, California, United States. On California's South Coast, it is the most populous city in Ventura County and the 21st most populous city in California. Incorporated in 1903, Oxnard lies approximately 60 miles (97 km) west of downtown Los Angeles and is part of the larger Greater Los Angeles area.\nIt is at the western edge of the fertile Oxnard Plain, adjacent to an agricultural center of strawberries and lima beans. Oxnard is also a major transportation hub in Southern California, with Amtrak, Union Pacific, Metrolink, Greyhound, and Intercalifornias stopping there. It also has a small regional airport, Oxnard Airport (OXR).\nOxnard's population was 209,877 as of 2018. It is the most populous city in the Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Q2449206": "For other women named Gwladys, see Gwladys (disambiguation).Saint Gwladys ferch Brychan or St Gladys (Latin-Gladusa), daughter of King Brychan of Brycheiniog, was the queen of the saint-king Gwynllyw Milwr and the mother of Cadoc \"the Wise\", whose vita may be the earliest saint's life to mention Arthur. Gwladys's other children were Cynidr, Bugi, Cyfyw, Maches, Glywys II and Egwine. Today her main church and associated school is in Bargoed.", "Q68784": "Cavigliano is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The municipalities of Cavigliano, Tegna and Verscio merged on 14 April 2013 into the new municipality of Terre di Pedemonte.", "Q165528": "The University of Greifswald (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u0281a\u026afsvalt]; German: Universit\u00e4t Greifswald) is a public research university located in Greifswald, Germany, in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.\nFounded in 1456 (teaching existed since 1436), it is one of the oldest universities in Europe, with generations of notable alumni and staff having studied or worked in Greifswald. As the fourth oldest university in present Germany, it was temporarily also the oldest university of the Kingdoms of Sweden (1648\u20131815) and Prussia (1815\u20131945), respectively. Approximately two thirds of the 10,179 students are from outside the state, including foreign students from 90 countries all over the world. Due to the small-town atmosphere, the pronounced architectural presence of the alma mater across town, and the young, academic flair in the streets, Greifswald is often described as a \"university with a town built around it\" rather than a town with a university.", "Q258611": "Knut Bohwim (born 12 March 1931) is a leading Norwegian film director. He co-founded the company Teamfilm A/S in 1962. His debut as film director was Operasjon Sj\u00f8spr\u00f8yt from 1964. He directed the war drama Det st\u00f8rste spillet from 1967, about the double agent Gunvald Tomstad. He directed twelve films of the Olsenbanden series, the largest commercial success in Norwegian film history. Bohwim was awarded the Amanda Honorary Award in 1997, shared with Aud Sch\u00f8nemann.", "Q2233929": "Ronald Guttman (born 12 August 1952) is a Belgian actor, theatrical producer and film producer.Guttman was born in Uccle. He can be seen in the upcoming Amazon Prime Video series Hunters. He has appeared in TV shows such as Preacher, The Good Wife, Lost, Lipstick Jungle, Heroes, The West Wing, Star Trek: Voyager, Sex and the City and Mad Men. He had a recurring role as Alexander Cambias, Sr. on the daytime soap opera All My Children and spots on Law & Order, Law & Order: Criminal Intent and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. Guttman's performances also include a production of The Fifth Column, a play by Ernest Hemingway, and movies such as On the Basis of Sex , The Tollbooth, 27 Dresses, The Guru and August Rush.\nHis company, Highbrow Entertainment, has produced stage and film projects including The Tollbooth, Masked, The Fifth Column, DAI and New York Street Games.", "Q218235": "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 2005 musical fantasy film directed by Tim Burton and written by John August, based on the 1964 British novel of the same name by Roald Dahl. The film stars Johnny Depp as Willy Wonka and Freddie Highmore as Charlie Bucket, alongside David Kelly, Helena Bonham Carter, Noah Taylor, Missi Pyle, James Fox, Deep Roy, and Christopher Lee. The storyline follows Charlie as he wins a contest along with four other children and is led by Wonka on a tour of his chocolate factory.\nDevelopment for a second adaptation of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (filmed previously as Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory in 1971) began in 1991, which resulted in Warner Bros. providing the Dahl Estate with total artistic control. Prior to Burton's involvement, directors such as Gary Ross, Rob Minkoff, Martin Scorsese, and Tom Shadyac had been involved, while actors Bill Murray, Nicolas Cage, Jim Carrey, Michael Keaton, Brad Pitt, Will Smith, Adam Sandler, and many others, were either in discussion with or considered by the studio to play Wonka.\nBurton immediately brought regular collaborators Depp and Danny Elfman aboard. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory represents the first time since The Nightmare Before Christmas (which was produced by Burton) that Elfman contributed to a film score using written songs and his vocals. Filming took place from June to December 2004 at Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was released to positive critical reviews and was a box office success, grossing $475 million worldwide.\n\n", "Q163159": "Alfred Nicolas Rambaud (2 July 1842 \u2013 10 November 1905) was a French historian.", "Q613197": "Cibelle (born Cibelle Cavalli Bastos in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, 1978) is a visual artist and musician based in London, Berlin and S\u00e3o Paulo. She graduated in 2015 from the Royal College of Art in London. Cibelle has released four music albums and has performed and presented work in venues such as Martin-Gropius-Bau Berlin, Museo Reina Sofia Madrid, ICA London, Carnegie Hall New York, Serpentine Marathon, 28th and 31st S\u00e3o Paulo Biennial among others.\nCibelle Cavalli Bastos has a conceptual, expanded field and interdisciplinary practice that includes thought production, performance, sound art, video, painting, sculpture and installation. Currently operating daily through social media stories under @aevtarperform, researching intrapolitics and devising nanopolitics through deprogramming self/ID of societal malware at a personal and collective level, their work addresses the deconstruction and formation of identities and what stands in between the self and presence as our multi-selves interact with each other and our surroundings. #deprogramming", "Q271283": "808 State are an English electronic music group formed in 1987 in Manchester, taking their name from the Roland TR-808 drum machine. They were formed by Graham Massey, Martin Price and Gerald Simpson, and they released their debut album, Newbuild, in September 1988. The band secured commercial success in 1989, when their song \"Pacific State\" was picked up by BBC Radio 1 DJ Gary Davies.", "Q2897681": "Bernard Charl\u00e8s (born 1957) is a French business executive. He is the chief executive officer and the vice-chairman of the board of directors of Dassault Syst\u00e8mes, \"the 3DEXPERIENCE Company\", world leader in 3D design software, 3D digital mock-up and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) solutions. Charl\u00e8s is the 13th best-performing CEO in the world according to the Harvard Business Review 2017 ranking. In 2018 Dassault Syst\u00e8mes was named the most sustainable corporation in the world in the Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World index by Corporate Knights.. In 2018, he was named one of the \"Best CEOs In The World\" by the CEOWORLD magazine.", "Q355447": "Fukuzawa Yukichi (\u798f\u6fa4 \u8aed\u5409, January 10, 1835 \u2013 February 3, 1901) was a Japanese author, writer, teacher, translator, entrepreneur, journalist, and leader who founded Keio University, Jiji-Shinp\u014d (a newspaper) and the Institute for Study of Infectious Diseases. \nFukuzawa was an early Japanese advocate for reform. Fukuzawa's ideas about the government work, and the structure of social institutions made a lasting impression on a rapidly changing Japan during the Meiji period. \nFukuzawa is regarded as one of the founders of modern Japan.", "Q210669": "Kenneth Martin Follett, (born 5 June 1949) is a Welsh author of thrillers and historical novels who has sold more than 160 million copies of his works. Many of his books have achieved high ranking on best seller lists. For example, in the US, many reached the number 1 position on the New York Times Best Seller list, including Edge of Eternity, Fall of Giants, A Dangerous Fortune, The Key to Rebecca, Lie Down with Lions, Triple, Winter of the World, and World Without End.", "Q208026": "Edward Thomas Hardy (born 15 September 1977) is an English actor and producer. After studying acting at the Drama Centre London, he made his film debut in Ridley Scott's Black Hawk Down (2001) and has since appeared in such films as Star Trek: Nemesis (2002), RocknRolla (2008), Bronson (2008), Warrior (2011), Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011), Lawless (2012), Locke (2013), The Drop (2014), and The Revenant (2015), for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2015, Hardy portrayed \"Mad\" Max Rockatansky in Mad Max: Fury Road and both Kray twins in Legend. He has appeared in three Christopher Nolan films: Inception (2010), The Dark Knight Rises (2012) as Bane, and Dunkirk (2017) as an RAF fighter-pilot. He starred as Eddie Brock / Venom in the 2018 anti-hero film Venom.\nHardy's television roles include the HBO war drama mini-series Band of Brothers (2001), the BBC historical drama mini-series The Virgin Queen (2005), Bill Sikes in the BBC's mini-series Oliver Twist (2007), ITV's Wuthering Heights (2008), the Sky 1 drama series The Take (2009), and the BBC historical crime drama series Peaky Blinders (2013\u2013). He created, co-produced, and took the lead in the eight-part historical fiction series Taboo (2017) on BBC One and FX.Hardy has performed on both British and American stages. He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Most Promising Newcomer for his role as Skank in the production of In Arabia We'd All Be Kings (2003), and was awarded the 2003 Evening Standard Theatre Award for Outstanding Newcomer for his performances in both In Arabia We'd All Be Kings and for his role as Luca in Blood. He starred in the production of The Man of Mode (2007) and received positive reviews for his role in the play The Long Red Road (2010).\nHardy is active in charity work and is an ambassador for the Prince's Trust. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2018 Birthday Honours for services to drama.", "Q122663": "Andrews Engelmann (23 March 1901 \u2013 25 February 1992) was a Russian-born German actor. He worked primarily in Germany, where he specialised in playing Russian roles, but also appeared in a number of British films during his career. He was born as Andrei Engelman and also credited by various other names during his career including Andr\u00e9 von Engelman.", "Q444063": "Requiescant, also known as Kill and Pray, is a 1967 Spaghetti Western film directed by Carlo Lizzani.", "Q3043193": "Kamatari Fujiwara (\u85e4\u539f \u91dc\u8db3 Fujiwara Kamatari, January 15, 1905 \u2013 December 21, 1985) was a Japanese actor.\nFukiwara worked regularly and extensively with Akira Kurosawa, and was known for both being adept at comic acting, as well as being able to do serious roles", "Q46479": "Zarah Leander (15 March 1907 \u2013 23 June 1981) was a Swedish singer and actress whose greatest success was in Nazi Germany during the 1930s and 1940s.\n\n", "Q3764": "Witten is a university city in the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis (district) in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the home of the Witten/Herdecke University, the first private university in Germany.", "Q79845": "Madhu Shalini is an Indian film actress and model, who predominantly works in the Telugu Film industry, but has also appeared in Kannada, Hindi and Tamil language films. She won the title of Miss. Andhra Pradesh in 2005. She hosted a television show \"Premakathalu\" after winning Dream Girl contest.", "Q500147": "Korbach (pronunciation: \u02c8ko\u02d0\u0250\u02ccbax), officially the Hanseatic City of Korbach (German: Hansestadt Korbach), is the district seat of Waldeck-Frankenberg in northern Hesse, Germany. It is over a thousand years old and is located on the German Timber-Frame Road. In 2018, the town has hosted the 58th Hessentag state festival.", "Q954835": "Lars Widding, born 31 October 1924 in Ume\u00e5, V\u00e4sterbotten, died 3 March 1994, was a Swedish author and journalist, best known for his historic novels. He worked for Expressen from 1950 to 1985. Widding was one of the most read authors of the 20th century in Sweden.", "Q271297": "Judith O'Dea (born April 20, 1945) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Barbra in the 1968 George A. Romero film Night of the Living Dead.", "Q103861": "Christian Ahrendt (born 7 May 1963 in L\u00fcbeck) is a German politician and member of the FDP.", "Q217112": "Moonrise Kingdom is a 2012 American coming-of-age film directed by Wes Anderson, written by Anderson and Roman Coppola. It features an ensemble cast including Bruce Willis, Edward Norton, Bill Murray, Frances McDormand, Tilda Swinton, Jason Schwartzman, Bob Balaban, Harvey Keitel, and newcomers Jared Gilman and Kara Hayward. Largely set on the fictional New England island of New Penzance, it tells the story of an orphan boy (Gilman) who escapes from a scouting camp to unite with his pen pal and love interest, a girl with aggressive tendencies (Hayward). Feeling alienated from their guardians and shunned by their peers, the lovers abscond to an isolated beach. Meanwhile, the island's police captain (Willis) organizes a search party of scouts and family members to locate the runaways.\nIn crafting their screenplay, Anderson and Coppola drew from personal experiences and memories of childhood fantasies as well as films including Melody (1971) and The 400 Blows (1959). Auditions for child actors took eight months, and filming took place in Rhode Island over three months in 2011.\nMoonrise Kingdom premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival and received critical acclaim, with its themes of young love, child sexuality, juvenile mental health, and the Genesis flood narrative being praised. Critics cited the film's color palette and use of visual symmetry as well as the use of original composition by Alexandre Desplat to supplement existing music by Benjamin Britten. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and the Golden Globe for Best Musical or Comedy. In 2016, the BBC included the film in its list of greatest films of the twenty-first century.", "Q675206": "Lesley Duncan (married name Lesley Cox; 12 August 1943 \u2013 12 March 2010) was an English singer-songwriter, best known for her work during the 1970s. She received a lot of airplay on British radio stations such as BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 2; but never achieved great commercial success, in part because of her unwillingness to chase stardom, and crippling stage fright.\n\n", "Q82349": "Daniel Andrew \"Dan\" Wells (born March 4, 1977) is an American horror and science fiction author. He is noted for his John Cleaver series, Mirador series, and New York Times bestselling Partials Sequence. His first published novel I Am Not a Serial Killer became a major motion picture in 2016. He currently co-hosts Writing Excuses, a podcast that answers writing-related questions. He is a Utah native and a graduate of Brigham Young University.", "Q85426": "Magnus \"Mac\" Freiherr von Braun (10 May 1919\u201321 June 2003) was a German chemical engineer, Luftwaffe aviator, rocket scientist and business executive. In his 20s he worked as a rocket scientist at Peenem\u00fcnde and the Mittelwerk. Aged 26 he emigrated to the United States via Operation Paperclip, where he worked for some years at Fort Bliss. In 1955 he began a career as a senior executive with Chrysler's missile and later automotive divisions, retiring in 1975. He lived for 58 years partially in the United States and partially in the United Kingdom until his death. He was the brother of Sigismund and Wernher von Braun.", "Q750904": "Paul Kemprecos (born March 11, 1939) is an American writer of mysteries and adventure stories. He is a Shamus Award-winning author of six underwater detective thrillers, and had been co-writing with Clive Cussler the \"NUMA Files\" novels, which focus on Kurt Austin, head of NUMA's Special Assignments Team and his adventures.", "Q603390": "Antonio Martino (born 22 December 1942) is an Italian politician, who was the minister of foreign affairs in 1994 and minister of defense from 2001 to 2006. He is a founding member of Forza Italia.\n\n", "Q77868": "Helene Hegemann (born 19 February 1992 in Freiburg im Breisgau) is a German writer, director, and actress. As a young writer her work was highly praised,\nbut her first novel, Axolotl Roadkill, sparked a plagiarism controversy. The book has since been translated in various languages.", "Q1400424": "Karl Rudolf Walden (December 1, 1878 in Helsinki \u2013 October 25, 1946) was a Finnish industrialist and a military leader.", "Q161982": "The University of Mainz (full name Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz) (German: Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz) is a public research university in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany, named after the printer Johannes Gutenberg since 1946. With approximately 32,000 students (2018) in about 100 schools and clinics, it is among the largest universities in Germany. Starting on 1 January 2005 the university was reorganized into 11 faculties of study.\nThe university is a member of the German U15, a coalition of fifteen major research-intensive and leading medical universities in Germany. The Johannes Gutenberg University is considered one of the most prestigious universities in Germany.\nThe university is part of the IT-Cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar. The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, the Goethe University Frankfurt and the Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt together form the Rhine-Main-Universities (RMU).", "Q90995": "Hermann Julian Winkler (born 22 April 1963) is a German politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany from 2009 until 2019. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party. From 2004 to 2007 he was Cabinet Minister and Head of the State Chancellery of Saxony.", "Q291405": "Sky Tonia Ferreira (born July 8, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, model, and actress. As a teenager, Ferreira began uploading videos on Myspace of herself singing songs she had written, which led to her discovery by producers Bloodshy & Avant and an eventual recording contract with Parlophone in 2009. She released her first extended play, As If!, in 2011, which combined elements of electropop and dance music. Ferreira's second extended play Ghost (2012), however, incorporated pop with more stripped-down song structures and featured collaborations with Jon Brion and Shirley Manson, as well as the critically acclaimed track \"Everything Is Embarrassing\", which she composed with Dev Hynes.\nAfter multiple delays and disputes with her record label, Ferreira's debut studio album Night Time, My Time was released on October 29, 2013, and marked a departure from her former style, incorporating more experimental indie rock with synth-pop elements. The album was preceded by its lead single \"You're Not the One\". That year, she ventured into the film industry after appearing in Eli Roth's The Green Inferno and garnered media attention after being arrested for drug possession. She was exposed to a mainstream audience after having been announced as an opening act for the international Bangerz Tour, headlined by Miley Cyrus, which began on February 14, 2014.\nFerreira's earlier work incorporated elements of dance-pop, while her recent projects experiment with acoustic, new wave and primarily indie rock musical styles. Her lyrical content originally incorporated themes of rebellion and teenage romance, and has since evolved to discuss personal insecurities and more mature romantic themes. Outside her work in the entertainment industry, she has modeled for several brands and magazines, including serving as the spokeswoman for the hair care brand Redken in 2014.", "Q2039502": "Charles Joseph Colgan (September 25, 1926 \u2013 January 3, 2017) was an American politician and businessman. He served for forty years in the Senate of Virginia for the 29th district, with a brief period as the President pro tempore.", "Q98311": "Hanns-Josef Ortheil (b. 5 November 1951 in Cologne) is a German author, scholar of German literature, and pianist.\nHe has written many autobiographical and historical novels, some of which have been translated into 11 languages, according to WorldCat: French, Dutch, Modern Greek, Spanish, Chinese, Lithuanian, Japanese, Slovenian, and Russian.\n\n", "Q25690": "John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford (6 July 1766 \u2013 20 October 1839), known as Lord John Russell until 1802, was a British Whig politician who notably served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in the Ministry of All the Talents. He was the father of Prime Minister John Russell, 1st Earl Russell.", "Q587996": "Cowes () is an English seaport town and civil parish on the Isle of Wight. Cowes is located on the west bank of the estuary of the River Medina, facing the smaller town of East Cowes on the east bank. The two towns are linked by the Cowes Floating Bridge, a chain ferry.\nThe population was 9,663 in the 2001 census, which doubled during the regatta in early August. The population at the 2011 census was 10,405.\nCharles Godfrey Leland's 19th-century verses describe the towns poetically as \"The two great Cowes that in loud thunder roar/This on the eastern, that the western shore\".\nCowes has been seen as a home for international yacht racing since the founding of the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1815. It gives its name to the world's oldest regular regatta, Cowes Week, which occurs annually in the first week of August. Later, powerboat races are held.\nMuch of the town's architecture is still heavily influenced by the style of ornate building that Prince Albert popularised.", "Q961656": "Libor Rou\u010dek (born 4 September 1954 in Kladno)\nis a Czech politician and\nMember of the European Parliament with the Czech Social Democratic Party,\npart of the Socialist Group and sits on\nthe European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs.\nHe is a substitute for the Committee on Budgets and a member of the\nDelegation for relations with Iran.", "Q88102": "Gregor Seberg (born 24 July 1967 in Graz) is an Austrian actor.", "Q437099": "Caroline Bliss (born 12 July 1961) is an English actress who trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School. She is best known for her appearance as M's secretary, Miss Moneypenny, in the James Bond films of the Timothy Dalton era. \n\n", "Q2030240": "Morris Cohen (July 2, 1910 \u2013 June 23, 1995), also known by his alias Peter Kroger, was an American convicted of espionage for the Soviet Union. His wife Lona was also an agent.\n\n", "Q272946": "Joan Mary Cusack (; born October 11, 1962) is an American actress and comedian. She received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress for her roles in the romantic comedy-drama Working Girl (1988) and the romantic comedy In & Out (1997), as well as one Golden Globe nomination for her performance in the latter. She has also provided the voice of Jessie in the Toy Story franchise and Abby Mallard in Chicken Little.\nCusack was a cast member on the comedy sketch show Saturday Night Live from 1985 to 1986. She starred on the Showtime hit drama/comedy Shameless as Sheila Jackson, a role for which she has received five consecutive Primetime Emmy Award nominations, winning for the first time in 2015. She is the sister of actress Ann Cusack and actor John Cusack.", "Q298347": "Nicholas Caradoc Hoult (born 7 December 1989) is an English actor. His body of work includes supporting work in big-budget mainstream productions and starring roles in independent projects in both the American and the British film industries. He has been nominated for awards such as a British Academy Film Award and a Critics Choice Award for his work.\nBorn and brought up in Wokingham, Berkshire, Hoult was drawn to acting from a young age and appeared in local theatre productions as a child. He made his screen debut at the age of seven in the 1996 film Intimate Relations, and appeared in several television programmes between 1998 and 2001. Hoult's breakthrough role came when he portrayed Marcus Brewer in the 2002 comedy-drama film About a Boy, for which he was nominated for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer. Hoult earned wider recognition and praise for his performance as Tony Stonem in the E4 teen comedy-drama series Skins (2007\u20132008). His transition to adult roles began with the 2009 drama film A Single Man, for which he earned a BAFTA Rising Star Award nomination, and the fantasy film Clash of the Titans (2009). He was cast as the mutant Hank McCoy in Matthew Vaughn's 2011 superhero film X-Men: First Class, a role he reprised in later instalments of the series.\nIn 2013, Hoult played the lead title role in the fantasy adaptation Jack the Giant Slayer and starred as a zombie in romantic comedy Warm Bodies. Following a supporting role in Mad Max: Fury Road (2015), Hoult starred in a number of independent films before portraying various real-life figures such as Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford in the historical black comedy The Favourite (2018) and the writer J. R. R. Tolkien in Tolkien (2019).\nOutside film, Hoult voiced Elliot in Lionhead Studios' 2010 action role-playing game Fable III, appeared in the 2009 West End play New Boy, and is involved in philanthropy, supporting such charitable organisations as Teenage Cancer Trust and Christian Aid. He has a son from his relationship with American model Bryana Holly.", "Q138149": "Florin Piersic (Romanian pronunciation: [flo\u02c8rin \u02c8pjersik]; born 27 January 1936) is a well-known Romanian actor and TV personality. He is particularly famous for his leading roles in The White Moor and the Seria M\u0103rgelatu films. He has a reputation, often parodied in popular culture, as a raconteur.", "Q1164355": "Dann Lee Huff (born November 15, 1960) is an American record producer and songwriter. For his work as a producer in the country music genre he has won several awards including the Musician of the Year award in 2001, 2004, and 2016 at the Country Music Association Awards and the Producer of the Year award in 2006 and 2009 at the Academy of Country Music. He is the father of American singer and songwriter Ashlyne Huff and brother of Giant and White Heart drummer David Huff.\n\n", "Q449235": "James Martin Fenton FRSL FRSA (born 25 April 1949) is an English poet, journalist and literary critic. He is a former Oxford Professor of Poetry.", "Q348402": "Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144 (Polish: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu; Latin: Universitas Studiorum Mickiewicziana Posnaniensis) is a research university in Pozna\u0144, Poland.\nIt traces its origins to 1611, when under the Royal Charter granted by King Sigismund III Vasa, the Jesuit College became the first university in Pozna\u0144. The inauguration ceremony of the newly founded institution took place on May 7, 1919 that is 308 years after it was formally established by the Polish king and 400th anniversary of the foundation of the Lubra\u0144ski Academy which is considered its predecessor. Its original name was Piast University (Polish: Wszechnica Piastowska), which later in 1920 was renamed to University of Pozna\u0144 (Polish: Uniwersytet Pozna\u0144ski). Staff and students of the Polish university, some of them expelled by Germans to Warsaw, opened an underground Polish University of the Western Lands (Polish: Uniwersytet Ziem Zachodnich). In 1955 University of Pozna\u0144 adopted a new patron, the 19th-century Polish Romantic poet Adam Mickiewicz, and changed to its current name.Notable alumni and academic staff include cryptologists, Marian Rejewski, Jerzy R\u00f3\u017cycki and Henryk Zygalski, jurist Bohdan Winiarski, legal theoretician S\u0142awomira Wronkowska-Ja\u015bkiewicz, philosopher Leszek Nowak, sociologist Florian Znaniecki. Many AMU alumni are leaders and innovators in the business world, as well as prominents in society and the arts. Its graduates include journalist and public intellectual Adam Michnik, bllionaire Jan Kulczyk and his former wife Gra\u017cyna Kulczyk, Academy Award winning composer Jan A. P. Kaczmarek, theatre director Lech Raczak, film director Filip Bajon and a music critic Jerzy Waldorff.\nThe university is organized into six principal academic units\u2014five research schools consisting of twenty faculties and the doctoral school\u2014with campuses throughout the Old Town and Morasko. The university employs roughly 4,000 academics, and has more than 40,000 students who study in some 80 disciplines. More than half of the student body are women. The language of instruction is usually Polish, although several degrees are offered in either German or English. The university library is one of Poland's largest, and houses one of the largest Masonic collections, including the 1723 edition of James Anderson's The Constitutions of the Free-Masons.Due to its history, university is traditionally considered Poland's most reputable institution of higher learning, this standing equally being reflected in national rankings. Adam Mickiewicz University is a member of the European University Association and SGroup.\nIn 2018, the Academic Ranking of World Universities placed the university within the 701-800 band globally.", "Q670418": "Alvah A. Keller (April 11, 1920 in Alexander, New York \u2013 November 19, 1961 in Phoenix, Arizona) was an American racecar driver.\nKeller participated in the NASCAR Strictly Stock/Grand National series from 1949 to 1956 with 29 career starts. He won two races during the 1954 season and was the first driver in the history of NASCAR's top division to have won a race in a foreign-built car. Keller won 1954 Grand National road-race at the Linden Airport in New Jersey, driving a Jaguar owned by big band leader Paul Whiteman.\nIn 1954 Keller began a transition to Championship Cars. He drove in the AAA and USAC Champ Car series, racing in the 1954-1959 and 1961 seasons with 32 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 six times. He was involved in the crash that killed Bill Vukovich in 1955. He finished in the top ten 13 times, with a best finish of 2nd two times (Atlanta in 1956, and Milwaukee in 1961). His best Indy 500 finish was 5th in 1961.\nKeller died as a result of injuries sustained in a Champ Car crash at the Arizona State Fairgrounds track.", "Q2134032": "Larry Rayfield Wright (born August 23, 1945) is a former American football player, an offensive tackle for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League for 13 seasons and a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, having been inducted in 2006.Nicknamed the \"Big Cat\" for his nimble feet, Wright played on five NFC Championship teams that advanced to the Super Bowl (1970, 1971, 1975, 1977, and 1978 seasons), winning twice. He also participated in the Ice Bowl against the Green Bay Packers for the NFL championship in his rookie season in 1967.", "Q875637": "The College of William & Mary (also known as William & Mary, W&M, and officially The College of William and Mary in Virginia) is a public research university in Williamsburg, Virginia. Founded in 1693 by letters patent issued by King William III and Queen Mary II, it is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States, after Harvard University.\nWilliam & Mary educated American presidents Thomas Jefferson (third), James Monroe (fifth), and John Tyler (tenth) as well as other key figures pivotal to the development of the nation, including the first President of the Continental Congress Peyton Randolph of Virginia, the first U.S. Attorney General Edmund Randolph of Virginia, the fourth U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall of Virginia, Speaker of the House of Representatives Henry Clay of Kentucky, sixteen members of the Continental Congress, and four signers of the Declaration of Independence, earning it the nickname \"the Alma Mater of the Nation.\" A young George Washington also received his surveyor's license at the college, and he would become the college's first American chancellor in 1788. \nWilliam & Mary is notable for its many firsts in American higher education. The F.H.C. Society, founded in 1750, was the first collegiate fraternity in the United States, and W&M students founded the Phi Beta Kappa academic honor society in 1776, the first Greek-letter fraternity. W&M was also the first school of higher education in the United States to install an honor code of conduct for students, dating back to 1736. The establishment of graduate programs in law and medicine in 1779 makes it one of the earliest higher level universities in the United States.\nIn addition to its undergraduate program, W&M is home to several graduate programs and four professional schools. The Marshall\u2013Wythe School of Law is the oldest law school in the United States. In his 1985 book Public Ivies: A Guide to America's Best Public Undergraduate Colleges and Universities, Richard Moll included William & Mary as one of the original eight \"Public Ivies\".", "Q1226860": "\u00c9mile Delahaye (October 16, 1843 \u2013 June 1, 1905) was a French automotive pioneer who founded Delahaye Automobiles.\n\u00c9mile Delahaye was born in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, in the Loire Valley. He studied engineering at Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech trade school in the city of Angers, the same school later attended by Louis Del\u00e2ge, another automobile pioneer. For a time, Delahaye worked in Belgium, at the Crail Engineering works, a company known for making steam engines for locomotives, before returning to Tours following the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. Delahaye married in 1873. In 1879, he took over the Brethon Foundry and Machine-works, a local business specializing in the manufacturing of brick kilns and related equipment for the ceramics trade. Delahaye experimented with steam and internal combustion engines, eventually converting part of the company's production to the manufacture of stationary petrol engines. In 1894, he displayed his first automobile at the first-ever Paris Motor Show. It was one of only two motorized entries.\nIn order to gain publicity for his product, Delahaye raced one of his own cars in the 1896 Paris\u2013Marseille\u2013Paris road race. Faced with health problems, Delahaye partnered with two industrialists from Paris, brothers-in-law Leon Desmarais and Georges Morane. By 1898, the new ownership relocated the automobile production from Tours to the industrial building in the Gobelin district of Paris that Desmarais and Morane had inherited. In 1901, Delahaye's poor health forced him to step down as President. He sold his shares to his partners, and retired to the French Riviera where he died in 1905.\nThe company he founded would survive until it closed on December 31, 1954.", "Q7264": "Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation. It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxism has developed into many different branches and schools of thought, with the result that there is now no single definitive Marxist theory.Different Marxian schools place a greater emphasis on certain aspects of classical Marxism while rejecting or modifying other aspects. Many schools of thought have sought to combine Marxian concepts and non-Marxian concepts which has then led to contradictory conclusions. It has been argued that there is a movement toward the recognition that historical materialism and dialectical materialism remains the fundamental aspect of all Marxist schools of thought. This view is refuted by some post-Marxists such as Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, who claim that history is not only determined by the mode of production, but also by consciousness and will.Marxism has had a profound impact on global academia and has influenced many fields such as archaeology, art history, anthropology, media studies, science studies, political science, theater, history, sociology, art history and theory, cultural studies, education, economics, ethics, criminology, geography, literary criticism, aesthetics, film theory, critical psychology and philosophy.", "Q459026": "The University of Rennes 2 (Universit\u00e9 Rennes 2, UR2) is a university in Upper Brittany, France, one of four in the Academy of Rennes.\nThe main campus is situated in the northwest section of Rennes in the Villejean neighborhood not far from the other campus, located at La Harpe.", "Q129044": "Max, Mon Amour a.k.a. Max, My Love is a 1986 film directed by Nagisa Oshima, starring Charlotte Rampling, Anthony Higgins, Victoria Abril, Pierre \u00c9taix and Milena Vukotic. The screenplay was written by Oshima and Jean-Claude Carri\u00e8re, and the film was produced by Serge Silberman.", "Q55411": "Ernst Wilhelm \"Wim\" Wenders (German: [\u02c8v\u026am \u02c8v\u025bnd\u0250s]; born 14 August 1945) is a German filmmaker, playwright, author, and photographer. He is a major figure in New German Cinema. Among many honors, he has received three nominations for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature: for Buena Vista Social Club (1999), about Cuban music culture; Pina (2011), about the contemporary dance choreographer Pina Bausch; and The Salt of the Earth (2014), about Brazilian photographer Sebasti\u00e3o Salgado.\nOne of Wenders' earliest honors was a win for the BAFTA Award for Best Direction for his narrative drama Paris, Texas (1984), which also won the Palme d'Or at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival. Many of his subsequent films have also been recognized at Cannes, including Wings of Desire (1987), for which Wenders won the Best Director Award at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival.\nWenders has been the president of the European Film Academy in Berlin since 1996. Alongside filmmaking, he is an active photographer, emphasizing images of desolate landscapes. He is considered to be an auteur director.", "Q616945": "Maciej Kuro\u0144 (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8mat\u0361\u0255\u025bj \u02c8kur\u0254\u0272]; born 8 March 1960 in Warsaw, died 25 December 2008 in Izabelin), was a Polish journalist and culinary publicist. He was a host of television culinary shows, which made him very popular in Poland. He was the son of Jacek Kuro\u0144.\nIn 1980, as a student of Pedagogical College in Olsztyn, Kuro\u0144 represented Olsztyn's students in Warsaw's Founding Committee of the Independent Students Union. During the martial law in Poland, he was in 1982 expelled from college by Communist authorities. Later, he studied at The Culinary Institute of America, and in 1998 became host of a TV show Cook together with Kuro\u0144, presented by the TVN. He also authored several cookbooks, including Polish Cuisine.\nA father of four, Kuro\u0144 died unexpectedly of acute heart failure, on 25 December 2008 at his home in Izabelin near Warsaw. He was buried on 7 January 2009, at the Pow\u0105zki Cemetery. On the same day, President Lech Kaczynski awarded him the Officer's Cross of the Polonia Restituta \"for outstanding achievements in his work for democratic change in Poland and for his involvement in shaping the social attitudes of the Poles\".", "Q437927": "Irene Grandi (born 6 December 1969) is an Italian singer and songwriter.\nDuring her career she has sung in Spanish and has performed duets in German, French, Indian and in African languages, selling around 5 million records and earning 9 top-ten albums and 6 top-ten singles of which one number-one on the Italian music charts. She has participated five times at the Sanremo Music Festival gaining the podium in 2000. Grandi has performed for six times at the Festivalbar, conquering twice the platform and winning the Radio Awards. In the 2009 she has won a Wind Music Award, and in 2011 a Sanremo Hit Award.", "Q109394": "Mathilde Vaerting (10 January 1884, Messingen \u2013 6 May 1977, Sch\u00f6nau im Schwarzwald) was a German feminist and writer on matriarchy.\nVaerting's A New Basis for the Psychology of Man and Woman (1921) explained gender role differences functionally rather than biologically, criticising most previous studies of gender as based on \"a kind of unquestioned association of men with dominance and women with subordination\". In 1923 the Social Democratic government of Thuringia appointed her to a chair of education at the University of Jena.", "Q64814": "Dou Wei is a Chinese musician, singer-songwriter and composer.\n\n", "Q126377": "Lars Ahlin (4 April 1915 \u2013 11 March 1997) was an award-winning Swedish author and aesthetician.", "Q385464": "Horrors of the Black Museum (1959) is a British-American horror film starring Michael Gough and directed by Arthur Crabtree.It was the first film in what film critic David Pirie dubbed Anglo-Amalgamated's \"Sadian trilogy\" (the other two being Circus of Horrors and Peeping Tom), with an emphasis on sadism, cruelty and violence (with sexual undertones), in contrast to the supernatural horror of the Hammer films of the same era.", "Q1452362": "Fred Hopkins (October 10, 1947 \u2013 January 7, 1999) was a Chicago double bassist who played a major role in the development of the avant-garde jazz movement. He was a member of the avant garde jazz trio Air (with Henry Threadgill and Steve McCall) and David Murray's Low Class Conspiracy; he frequently worked with the cellist Diedre Murray. Hopkins played with other musicians including Muhal Richard Abrams, Don Pullen, Hamiet Bluiett, Andrew Cyrille, Kalaparusha Maurice McIntyre, Sunny Murray, Kahil El'Zabar, Malachi Thompson, McCoy Tyner, Elvin Jones, Anthony Braxton and Marion Brown.", "Q86649": "Edmund Heusinger von Waldegg (12 May 1817 \u2013 2 February 1886) was a German mechanical engineer and railway engineer.\nEdmund Heusinger was born in Langenschwalbach (present day Bad Schwalbach) in the state of Hesse in central Germany on 12 May 1817. In 1841 he became a master-workman with the Taunus Railway (Taunusbahn). In 1854 he was awarded a contract to build the Homburg Railway. He invented inter alia a new type of valve gear for steam locomotives that was to become the most widely used valve gear in the world. Because the Belgian, Egide Walschaerts, invented the same system independently, it is usually called the Walschaerts valve gear outside the German-speaking world.\nEdmund Heusinger von Waldegg died on 2 February 1886 in Hanover, in northern Germany.", "Q509163": "Christie Ann Hefner (born November 8, 1952) is an American businesswoman and activist. Hefner served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Playboy Enterprises from 1988 to 2009. Hefner is the daughter of Playboy founder Hugh Hefner.", "Q506250": "Stockholm Municipality or the City of Stockholm (Swedish: Stockholms kommun or Stockholms stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. It has the largest population of the 290 municipalities of the country, but one of the smallest areas, making it the most densely populated. It is also the most populous municipality in the Nordic countries.\nAlthough legally a municipality with the official proper name Stockholms kommun, the municipal assembly (kommunfullm\u00e4ktige) has decided to use the name Stockholms stad (City of Stockholm in English) whenever possible. This is purely nominal and has no effect on the legal status of the municipality.\nGeographically, the municipality comprises the Stockholm City Centre and two suburban areas, S\u00f6derort (South Stockholm) and V\u00e4sterort (West Stockholm). Administratively, it is subdivided into 14 districts (sometimes incorrectly called \"boroughs\" in English), which are administered by district councils (stadsdelsn\u00e4mnder).", "Q41464": "Filip David (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043f \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0434; born 4 July 1940) is a Serbian writer and screenwriter, best known for penning essays, dramas, short stories and novels. In 2015, he won the NIN Award for best Serbian novel of the year 2014 for his novel \"Ku\u0107a se\u0107anja i zaborava\" (The House of Remembering and Forgetting).", "Q217674": "American Dragon: Jake Long is an American animated television series. It was produced by Walt Disney Television Animation, created by Jeff Goode and co-developed by Eddie Guzelian And Matt Negrete. It premiered on Disney Channel on January 21, 2005, and ended on September 1, 2007.\n\n", "Q70861": "Johann Klaj (Latinized Clajus) (1616 \u2013 16 February 1656) is a German poet.\nHe was born at Meissen in Saxony. After studying theology at Wittenberg he went to Nuremberg as a \"candidate for holy orders,\" and there, in conjunction with Georg Philipp Harsd\u00f6rffer, founded in 1644 the literary society known as the Pegnitz order.In 1647 he received an appointment as master in the Sebaldus school in Nuremberg, and in 1650 became preacher at Kitzingen, where he died in 1656. Klaj's poems consist of dramas, written in\nstilted language and redundant with adventures, among which are H\u00f6llen- und Himmelfahrt Christi (Nuremberg, 1644), and Herodes, der Kinderm\u00f6rder (Nuremberg, 1645), and a poem, written jointly with Harsd\u00f6rffer, Pegnesische Sch\u00e4fergedicht (1644), which gives in allegorical form the story of his settlement in Nuremberg.", "Q132302": "William Marshall Thomas (born December 6, 1941) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 2007, finishing his tenure representing California's 22nd congressional district and as the Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee.", "Q362599": "Andrew \"Andreas\" Katsulas (May 18, 1946 \u2013 February 13, 2006) was an American film and television actor.", "Q36834": "A composer (Latin comp\u014dn\u014d; literally \"one who puts together\") is a musician who is an author of music in any form, including vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music, electronic music, and music which combines multiple forms. A composer may create music in any music genre, including, for example, classical music, musical theatre, blues, folk music, jazz, and popular music. Composers often express their works in a written musical score using musical notation.\nMany composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music.", "Q442360": "Sharon Angela is an American film and television actress, screenwriter, and film director. Angela is known for her portrayal of Rosalie Aprile on the HBO series The Sopranos.", "Q267393": "Andrea Laura Barber (born July 3, 1976) is an American actress. She is known for playing Kimmy Gibbler in the ABC sitcom Full House and the Netflix sequel series Fuller House.", "Q134773": "Forrest Gump is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Eric Roth. It is based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom, and stars Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Mykelti Williamson, and Sally Field. The story depicts several decades in the life of Forrest Gump (Hanks), a slow-witted but kind-hearted man from Alabama who witnesses and unwittingly influences several defining historical events in the 20th century United States. The film differs substantially from the novel.\nPrincipal photography took place in late 1993, mainly in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Extensive visual effects were used to incorporate Hanks into archived footage and to develop other scenes. The soundtrack features songs reflecting the different periods seen in the film.\nForrest Gump was released in the United States on July 6, 1994 and received favorable reviews for Zemeckis' directing, Hanks' performance, the visual effects, the music and the script. The film was an enormous success at the box office; it became the top-grossing film in America released that year and earned over US$677 million worldwide during its theatrical run, making it the second highest-grossing film of 1994. The soundtrack sold over 12 million copies. Forrest Gump won the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor for Hanks, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Visual Effects, and Best Film Editing. It received many award nominations, including Golden Globes, British Academy Film Awards, and Screen Actors Guild Awards.\nVarying interpretations have been made of the protagonist and the film's political symbolism. In 2011, the Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q1978670": "Prince Igor Nikolayevich Troubetzkoy (Russian: \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439; 23 August 1912, Paris, \u2013 20 December 2008, Nice) was a French aristocrat and athlete (Ski, cycling, car racing) of Russian descent.", "Q277180": "Carlos Eduardo Teixeira Mendes (born 23 May 1947) is a Portuguese singer, best known for his participation in the 1968 and 1972 Eurovision Song Contest. Mendes also appeared in some television series.\n\n", "Q27939": "Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist (in jazz and popular music). Singers perform music (arias, recitatives, songs, etc.) that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists. Singers may perform as soloists or accompanied by anything from a single instrument (as in art song or some jazz styles) up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Different singing styles include art music such as opera and Chinese opera, Indian music and religious music styles such as gospel, traditional music styles, world music, jazz, blues, ghazal and popular music styles such as pop, rock, electronic dance music and filmi (Indian film songs).\nSinging can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised. It may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort or ritual, as part of music education or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction and regular practice. If practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific musical genre, such as classical or rock, although there are singers with crossover success (singing in more than one genre). Professional singers usually take voice training provided by voice teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers.", "Q674695": "The German Party (Deutsche Partei, DP) was a national-conservative political party in West Germany during the post-war years.", "Q1968488": "Sami Yli-Sirni\u00f6 (born April 10, 1972) is a Finnish musician. He is currently the lead guitarist of Finnish metal bands Waltari, Barren Earth and German metal band Kreator. He spent part of his life in Germany and thus has strong ties with the German metal scene. German \"Rock Hard\" magazine featured him in 2007 as \"forgotten guitar hero\".", "Q60441": "Valeri Brainin (aka Willi Brainin and Brainin-Passek, Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043d (Valeri Borissovich Brainin) [v\u0250\u02c8l\u0268r\u02b2\u026aj b\u0250\u02c8r\u02b2is\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8brajn\u02b2\u026an] (listen) [] (listen) [] (listen)), Russian/German musicologist, music manager, composer, and poet.\nBorn January 27, 1948 in Nizhni Tagil, Russia, in the family of Austrian poet and translator, political \u00e9migr\u00e9 Boris Brainin (Sepp \u00d6sterreicher), who belonged to the well-known Viennese Brainin family (his relatives are Hebrew publicist, biographer and public figure Reuben Brainin, Austrian/British violinist Norbert Brainin and others).\nHe lives at the moment both in Hanover, Germany, and in Moscow, Russia.", "Q40791": "Sandra Annette Bullock (; born July 26, 1964) is an American-German actress, producer, and philanthropist. She was the highest paid actress in the world in 2010 and 2014. In 2015, Bullock was chosen as People's Most Beautiful Woman and was included in Time's 100 most influential people in the world in 2010. Bullock is the recipient of several accolades, including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award.\nAfter making her acting debut with a minor role in the thriller Hangmen (1987), Bullock received early attention for her supporting work in the action film Demolition Man (1993). Her breakthrough came in the action thriller Speed (1994). She established herself in the 1990s with leading roles in the romantic comedies While You Were Sleeping (1995) and Hope Floats (1998) and the thrillers The Net (1995) and A Time to Kill (1996). Bullock achieved further success in the following decades with the comedies Miss Congeniality (2000), Two Weeks Notice (2002), The Proposal (2009), The Heat (2013), and Ocean's 8 (2018), the drama Crash (2004), and the thrillers Premonition (2007) and Bird Box (2018). Bullock was awarded the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama for portraying Leigh Anne Tuohy in the biographical drama The Blind Side (2009). She was nominated in the same categories for playing an astronaut stranded in space in the science fiction thriller Gravity (2013), which was her highest-grossing live-action release.\nIn addition to her acting career, Bullock is the founder of the production company Fortis Films. She has produced some of the films in which she has starred, including Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous (2005) and All About Steve (2009). She was an executive producer of the ABC sitcom George Lopez (2002\u20132007) and made several appearances during its run.", "Q4786": "Marie-Jean-L\u00e9on Lecoq, Baron d'Hervey de Juchereau, Marquis d'Hervey de Saint-Denys (Chinese: \u5fb7\u7406\u6587; pinyin: D\u00e9 L\u01d0w\u00e9n; 6 May 1822 \u2013 2 November 1892) son of Alexandre Le Coq or Lecoq, Baron d'Hervey (1780-1844), and M\u00e9lanie Juchereau de Saint-Denys (1789-1844) was born on 6 May 1822. D'Hervey was a French sinologist also known for his research on dreams.", "Q134798": "Haruki Murakami (\u6751\u4e0a \u6625\u6a39, Murakami Haruki, born January 12, 1949) is a Japanese writer. His books and stories have been bestsellers in Japan as well as internationally, with his work being translated into 50 languages and selling millions of copies outside his native country. His work has received numerous awards, including the World Fantasy Award, the Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award, the Franz Kafka Prize, and the Jerusalem Prize.\nMurakami's most notable works include A Wild Sheep Chase (1982), Norwegian Wood (1987), The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (1994\u201395), Kafka on the Shore (2002), and 1Q84 (2009\u201310). He has also translated into Japanese works by writers including Raymond Carver and J. D. Salinger. His fiction, sometimes criticized by Japan's literary establishment as un-Japanese, was influenced by Western writers from Chandler to Vonnegut by way of Brautigan. It is frequently surrealistic and melancholic or fatalistic, marked by a Kafkaesque rendition of the \"recurrent themes of alienation and loneliness\" he weaves into his narratives. Steven Poole of The Guardian praised Murakami as \"among the world's greatest living novelists\" for his works and achievements.", "Q655883": "David \"DeLa\" LaBruyere is a musician, songwriter, and producer. He was a longtime bass guitarist for John Mayer. He has also been a member of Vigilantes of Love and worked with Michelle Malone.", "Q69303": "Johann Baptist Fischart (c. 1545 \u2013 1591) was a German satirist and publicist.", "Q473156": "Christopher Walter Monckton, 3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley (born 14 February 1952) is a British public speaker and hereditary peer. He is known for his work as a journalist, Conservative political advisor, UKIP political candidate, and for his invention of the mathematical puzzle Eternity.Early on in his public speaking career topics centred on his mathematical puzzle and conservative politics. In recent years his public speaking has garnered attention due to his denial of climate change and his views on the European Union and social policy.", "Q115756": "Boris Blank (born 15 January 1952, in Zurich) is a Swiss artist and musician known for his work in the musical duo Yello with Dieter Meier.", "Q1575044": "Visva-Bharati University (Bengali: [bi\u0283\u02d0\u0254b\u02b1aroti]) is a public central university and an Institution of National Importance located in Santiniketan, West Bengal, India. It was founded by Rabindranath Tagore who called it Visva-Bharati, which means the communion of the world with India. Until independence it was a college. Soon after independence, in 1951, the institution was given the status of a university and was renamed Visva-Bharati University.", "Q884143": "Blind Joe Hill (January 7, 1931 \u2013 November 1998) was an American blues singer, guitarist, harmonica player and drummer.\nA one-man band, he was adopted and named Joseph Thomas Hill after being born in Dunbar, West Virginia, United States. He played in the styles of Joe Hill Louis and Doctor Ross. He used his craggy vocals supported by guitar, bass, and drums, and was one of the last practitioners of the one-man blues band tradition. Hill recorded two albums under his own name on the Barrelhouse and L+R labels, and was part of the 1985 American Folk Blues Festival touring Europe.\nHe died in Los Angeles, California, and was cremated on November 17, 1998.", "Q4690876": "Afzal Kahn is a British automotive designer and ex car dealer. He is the founder of the Kahn group of companies: Kahn Design, the Chelsea Truck Company, Project Khan and Flying Huntsman.", "Q261709": "Maria Damanaki (Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u0394\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7) is a Greek politician, including former president of the Synaspismos party of the left and former state member of the Hellenic Parliament within the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK). She currently serves as the Global Managing Director for Oceans at The Nature Conservancy. In this capacity leads a global team focused on how the world manages its oceans, including sustainable fisheries management, large-scale protection and restoration of coral reefs and other ecosystems, coastal resilience, and mapping and quantification of the full value of the world's oceans to people.\n\n", "Q66030": "Rh\u00e4z\u00fcns is a municipality in the Imboden Region in the Swiss canton of Grisons.", "Q324527": "Arthur Hays Sulzberger (September 12, 1891 \u2013 December 11, 1968) was the publisher of The New York Times from 1935 to 1961. During that time, daily circulation rose from 465,000 to 713,000 and Sunday circulation from 745,000 to 1.4 million; the staff more than doubled, reaching 5,200; advertising linage grew from 19 million to 62 million column inches per year; and gross income increased almost sevenfold, reaching 117 million dollars.", "Q42186": "The Democratic-Republican Party, better known at the time as the Republican Party and various other names, was an American political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the early 1790s that championed republicanism, political equality, and expansionism. The party became increasingly dominant after the 1800 elections as the opposing Federalist Party collapsed. The Democratic-Republicans later splintered during the 1824 presidential election. One faction of the Democratic-Republicans eventually coalesced into the modern Democratic Party, while the other faction ultimately formed the core of the Whig Party.\nThe Democratic-Republican Party originated as a faction in Congress that opposed the centralizing policies of Alexander Hamilton, who served as Secretary of the Treasury under President George Washington. The Democratic-Republicans and the opposing Federalist Party each became more cohesive during Washington's second term, partly as a result of the debate over the Jay Treaty. Though he was defeated by Federalist John Adams in the 1796 presidential election, Jefferson and his Democratic-Republican allies came into power following the 1800 elections. As president, Jefferson presided over a reduction in the national debt and government spending, and completed the Louisiana Purchase with France.\nMadison succeeded Jefferson as president in 1809 and led the country during the largely-inconclusive War of 1812 with Britain. After the war, Madison and his congressional allies established the Second Bank of the United States and implemented protective tariffs, marking a move away from the party's earlier emphasis on states' rights and a strict construction of the United States Constitution. The Federalists collapsed after 1815, beginning a period known as the Era of Good Feelings. Lacking an effective opposition, the Democratic-Republicans split into groups after the 1824 presidential election; one faction supported President John Quincy Adams, while the other faction backed General Andrew Jackson. Jackson's faction eventually coalesced into the Democratic Party, while supporters of Adams became known as the National Republican Party, which itself later merged into the Whig Party.\nDemocratic-Republicans were deeply committed to the principles of republicanism, which they feared were threatened by the supposed monarchical tendencies of the Federalists. During the 1790s, the party strongly opposed Federalist programs, including the national bank. After the War of 1812, Madison and many other party leaders came to accept the need for a national bank and federally-funded infrastructure projects. In foreign affairs, the party advocated western expansion and tended to favor France over Britain, though the party's pro-French stance faded after Napoleon took power. The Democratic-Republicans were strongest in the South and the western frontier, and weakest in New England.", "Q1352878": "The Duchy of Livonia (Polish: Ksi\u0119stwo Inflanckie; Lithuanian: Livonijos kunigaik\u0161tyst\u0117; Latin: Ducatus Ultradunensis; Estonian: \u00dclev\u00e4ina-Liivimaa hertsogkond; Latvian: P\u0101rdaugavas hercogiste; also referred to as Polish Livonia or Inflanty) was a territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania\u2014and later the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth\u2014that existed from 1561 to 1621. It corresponds to the present-day areas of northern Latvia and southern Estonia.", "Q166960": "Turkish Delight (Dutch: Turks fruit) is a 1973 Dutch film directed by Paul Verhoeven and filmed by Jan de Bont. The film is a love story of an artist and a young woman, starring Rutger Hauer and Monique van de Ven. The story is based on the novel Turks fruit by Jan Wolkers.\nTurkish Delight is the most successful film in the history of Dutch cinema. The film was a massive success at the Dutch box office: according to Alle Record, 3,338,000 people saw the film, while the Netherlands Film Festival puts it at 3.5 million, corresponding to about 26% of the population of the Netherlands at the time. In 1973 it was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and in 1999 it received a special Golden Calf Award for Best Dutch Film of the Century. It was entered into the Canon of Dutch Cinema in 2007. In 2005 a musical version of Turks fruit was made starring Antonie Kamerling and Jelka van Houten.\n\n", "Q1026827": "The California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) is a private art university in Santa Clarita, California. It was incorporated in 1961 as the first degree-granting institution of higher learning in the US created specifically for students of both the visual and performing arts. It offers Bachelor of Fine Arts, Master of Fine Arts, Master of Arts, and Doctor of Musical Arts degrees through its six schools: Art, Critical Studies, Dance, Film/Video, Music, and Theater.The school was first envisioned by many benefactors in the early 1960s, staffed by a diverse array of professionals including Nelbert Chouinard, Walt Disney, Lulu Von Hagen, and Thornton Ladd. CalArts students develop their own work, over which they retain control and copyright, in a workshop atmosphere.", "Q320741": "Edward Henry Molyneux () 5 September 1891 in Hampstead, London \u2013 23 March 1974 in Monte Carlo) was a leading British fashion designer whose salon in Paris was in operation from 1919 until 1950.", "Q65539": "Peter Altmaier (born 18 June 1958) is a German lawyer and politician who has been serving as Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy since March 2018. Previously he was Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety from May 2012 to December 2013 and Head of the German Chancellery and as Federal Minister for Special Affairs from December 2013 to March 2018. Altmaier is widely seen as one of Chancellor Angela Merkel's most trusted advisors and advocates for her more centrist wing of the CDU. He is respected for his \"compromising style\" and has been described as \"The most powerful man in Berlin\".", "Q366714": "Juan Atkins (born September 12, 1962), also known as Model 500 and Infiniti, is an American record producer and DJ from Detroit, Michigan. Mixmag has described him as \"the original pioneer of Detroit techno.\" He has been a member of The Belleville Three, Cybotron, and Borderland.\n\n", "Q101723": "Hannes Stein (born 1965 in Munich) is a German journalist and author. He worked for several major German newspapers such as the FAZ, the Berliner Zeitung and Die Welt. Other works include articles for Der Spiegel and First Things.\nSeveral of his books are published, and describe sociopolitical themes in a rather humorous style.", "Q97977": "Siegfried Kurt Baschwitz (February 2, 1886, Offenburg \u2013 January 6, 1968 Amsterdam), was a journalist, a professor of press, propaganda and public opinion, scholar on newspapers, and crowd psychology.\nBaschwitz, who, as was customary in German middle class, was known by his second name Kurt, was a German Jew and a friend of Otto Frank, the father of Anne Frank. Baschwitz was called upon as an expert to advise on the publication of the Diary of Anne Frank and later again authenticate it.", "Q12969": "Jacques Cheminade (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292ak \u0283\u0259minad]; born 20 August 1941) is a French-Argentinian political activist and conspiracy theorist. He is the head of Solidarity and Progress, the French arm of the LaRouche movement, and has thrice run for President of France.", "Q4034425": "Arts & Crafts Productions is a music-focused media and artist services company that offers information as an independent record label, management firm, merchandiser, and publisher worldwide. It has earned 21 Juno Awards. Arts & Crafts has been called one of Canada's most important record labels.", "Q64627": "M\u00e4nnedorf is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q118272": "Elias Hrawi (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u200e, 4 September 1926 \u2013 7 July 2006) was president of Lebanon, whose term of office ran from 1989 to 1998.", "Q117141": "Marc-Andr\u00e9 B\u00e9dard (born 15 August 1935) is a Canadian attorney and former politician. Born in Lac-\u00e0-la-Croix, Quebec, B\u00e9dard served in the National Assembly of Quebec from 1973 to 1985 and was Minister of Justice and Deputy Premier. B\u00e9dard is the father of politician St\u00e9phane B\u00e9dard.", "Q108061": "Johann Eduard Wapp\u00e4us (17 May 1812, Hamburg \u2013 16 December 1879, G\u00f6ttingen) was a German geographer. He was a son-in-law to mineralogist Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann.\n\nHe studied at the Universities of G\u00f6ttingen and Berlin, where he was a student of Carl Ritter. In 1833\u201334 he took part in a study trip to Cape Verde and Brazil. In 1838 he qualified as a lecturer at G\u00f6ttingen, where in 1845, he became an associate professor. In 1854 he was appointed professor of geography and statistics at G\u00f6ttingen.His most widely known work was a new edition of the \"Stein-H\u00f6rschelmann\" Handbuchs der Geographie und Statistik, of which, he published three exceptional volumes on the Americas. From 1848 to 1863, and from 1874 to 1879, he was editor of the G\u00f6ttingischen Gelehrten Anzeigen.", "Q842070": "Sami V\u00e4nsk\u00e4 (born 26 September 1976) is the former bassist of Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish.", "Q159548": "Ingelheim, officially Ingelheim am Rhein (English: Ingelheim upon Rhine), is a town in the Mainz-Bingen district in the Rhineland-Palatinate state of Germany. The town sprawls along the Rhine's west bank. It has been Mainz-Bingen's district seat since 1996.\nFrom the later half of the 8th century, the Ingelheim Imperial Palace, which served emperors and kings as a lodging and a ruling seat until the 11th century, was to be found here.", "Q74352": "Doreen Miller, Baroness Miller of Hendon, MBE (n\u00e9e Feldman, 13 June 1933 \u2013 21 June 2014) was a British politician (Conservative Party).", "Q428152": "Slide guitar is a particular technique for playing the guitar that is often used in blues-style music. The technique involves placing an object against the strings while playing to create glissando effects and deep vibratos. It typically involves playing the guitar in the traditional position (flat against the body) with the use of a tubular \"slide\" fitted on one of the guitarist's fingers. The slide may be a metal or glass tube, such as the neck of a bottle. The term \"bottleneck\" was historically used to describe this type of playing. The strings are typically plucked while the slide is moved over the strings to change the pitch. The guitar may also be placed on the player's lap and played with a hand-held bar and is then referred to as \"lap slide guitar\" or \"lap steel guitar\".\nCreating music with a slide of some type has been traced back to primitive stringed instruments in African culture and also to the origin of the steel guitar in Hawaii. Near the beginning of the twentieth century, blues musicians in the Mississippi Delta popularized the bottleneck slide guitar style, and the first recording of slide guitar was by Sylvester Weaver in 1923. Since the 1930s, performers including Robert Nighthawk, Earl Hooker, Elmore James and Muddy Waters popularized slide guitar in the electric blues genre and influenced later slide guitarists in the rock genre including the Rolling Stones, Duane Allman and Ry Cooder. Lap slide guitar pioneers include Oscar \"Buddy\" Woods, \"Black Ace\" Turner and Freddie Roulette.", "Q321339": "Paul Mark Oakenfold (born 30 August 1963), formerly known mononymously as Oakenfold, is an English record producer and trance DJ. He is a three-time Grammy Award and two-time World Music Awards nominee. He was voted the No. 1 DJ in the World twice in 1998 and 1999 by DJ Magazine. Oakenfold has provided over 100 remixes for over 100 artists including U2, Moby, Madonna, Britney Spears, Massive Attack, The Cure, New Order, The Rolling Stones and The Stone Roses.", "Q502963": "Richard Francis Gordon Jr. (October 5, 1929 \u2013 November 6, 2017) was an American naval officer and aviator, chemist, test pilot, and NASA astronaut, and an American football executive. He was one of 24 people to have flown to the Moon, as the command module pilot of the 1969 Apollo 12 mission which orbited the Moon 45 times. Prior to his lunar flight Gordon had flown in space as the pilot of the 1966 Gemini 11 mission.", "Q1719898": "Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442) founded in 1930 is one of several major engineering higher education establishments in Moscow. Since its inception MAI has been spearheading advances in aerospace technology both within Russia and worldwide. The university laid emphasis on laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering, specific to demands of the aerospace industry. During World War II part of the university was evacuated to Almaty Kazakhstan, the university, staff and students continued to work on research and wartime production throughout the war.\nDuring the Post-War period, the university expanded and assimilated new technologies during the Jet age. Research conducted in the university contributed to heralding the space age.\nThe university has to its merit more than 160000 specialists, 250 chief designers in the Aerospace Industry. 50 Academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 cosmonauts, 100 test pilots and 60 Olympic champions in different sports.\nAlumni of the institute form the backbone of many companies like Sukhoi, Mikoyan, Ilyushin, Tupolev, Yakovlev, Beriev, Myasishchev, Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant, OAO S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, Lavochkin, Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau, Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, NPO Energomash, Almaz-Antey and others.", "Q742333": "History painting is a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than artistic style. History paintings usually depict a moment in a narrative story, rather than a specific and static subject, as in a portrait. The term is derived from the wider senses of the word historia in Latin and Italian, meaning \"story\" or \"narrative\", and essentially means \"story painting\". Most history paintings are not of scenes from history, especially paintings from before about 1850.\nIn modern English, historical painting is sometimes used to describe the painting of scenes from history in its narrower sense, especially for 19th-century art, excluding religious, mythological and allegorical subjects, which are included in the broader term history painting, and before the 19th century were the most common subjects for history paintings.\nHistory paintings almost always contain a number of figures, often a large number, and normally show some type of action that is a moment in a narrative. The genre includes depictions of moments in religious narratives, above all the Life of Christ, as well as narrative scenes from mythology, and also allegorical scenes. These groups were for long the most frequently painted; works such as Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling are therefore history paintings, as are most very large paintings before the 19th century. The term covers large paintings in oil on canvas or fresco produced between the Renaissance and the late 19th century, after which the term is generally not used even for the many works that still meet the basic definition.History painting may be used interchangeably with historical painting, and was especially so used before the 20th century. Where a distinction is made, \"historical painting\" is the painting of scenes from secular history, whether specific episodes or generalized scenes. In the 19th century, historical painting in this sense became a distinct genre. In phrases such as \"historical painting materials\", \"historical\" means in use before about 1900, or some earlier date.", "Q1048898": "The University of Vermont (UVM), officially The University of Vermont and State Agricultural College, is a public research university in Burlington, Vermont. It was founded in 1791 and is the state's land-grant university. UVM is among the oldest universities in the United States and is the fifth institution of higher education established in the New England region of the U.S. northeast. It is also listed as one of the original eight \"Public Ivy\" institutions in the United States.\nThe university's Dudley H. Davis Center was the first student center in the United States to receive a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold certification. The largest hospital complex in Vermont, the University of Vermont Medical Center, has its primary facility on the UVM campus and is affiliated with the Robert Larner College of Medicine.", "Q1294787": "An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates material objects partly or entirely by hand. These objects may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative art, sculpture, clothing, jewellery, food items, household items and tools and mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker. Artisans practice a craft and may through experience and aptitude reach the expressive levels of an artist.\nThe adjective \"artisanal\" is often used in describing hand-processing in contrast to an industrial process, such as in the phrase artisanal mining. Thus, \"artisanal\" is sometimes used in marketing and advertising as a buzz word to describe or imply some relation with the crafting of handmade food products, such as bread, beverages or cheese. Many of these have traditionally been handmade, rural or pastoral goods but are also now commonly made on a larger scale with automated mechanization in factories and other industrial areas.\nArtisans were the dominant producers of consumer products before the Industrial Revolution. \nIn ancient Greece, artisans were drawn to agoras and often built workshops nearby.", "Q1198": "North Rhine-Westphalia (German: Nordrhein-Westfalen, pronounced [\u02ccn\u0254\u0281t\u0281a\u026a\u032fn v\u025bst\u02c8fa\u02d0l\u0259n] (listen); Low Franconian: Noordrien-Wesfale; Low German: Noordrhien-Westfalen; K\u00f6lsch: Noodrhing-W\u00e4\u00df\u00dffaale, commonly shortened to NRW in both written and spoken language) is a state of Germany.\nNorth Rhine-Westphalia is located in western Germany covering an area of 34,084 square kilometres (13,160 sq mi). With a population of 17.9 million in 2017, it is the most populous state of Germany. It is also the most densely populated German state apart from the city-states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg, and the fourth-largest by area. The state capital is D\u00fcsseldorf. North Rhine-Westphalia features 30 of the 81 German cities with over 100,000 inhabitants, including Cologne (over 1 million), D\u00fcsseldorf, Dortmund and Essen (all between 580,000 and 620,000 inhabitants) and other cities predominantly located in the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area, the largest urban area in Germany and the third-largest on the European continent.\nNorth Rhine-Westphalia was established in 1946 after World War II from the Prussian provinces of Westphalia and the northern part of Rhine Province (North Rhine), and the Free State of Lippe by the British military administration in Allied-occupied Germany. North Rhine-Westphalia became a state of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949, and the city of Bonn served as the federal capital until the reunification of Germany in 1990 and as the seat of government until 1999.", "Q478765": "Shoichiro Toyoda (\u8c4a\u7530 \u7ae0\u4e00\u90de, Toyoda Sh\u014dichir\u014d, born February 27, 1925) is a retired Japanese business executive who served as chairman of Toyota Motor Corporation between 1992\u20131999, as well as chairman of the influential Japan Business Federation (\u65e5\u672c\u7d4c\u6e08\u56e3\u4f53\u9023\u5408\u4f1a, Nippon Keidanren) beginning in May 1994 through May 1998. Under Toyoda's supervision, Toyota approved the development of the Lexus brand and the Prius hybrid.", "Q194248": "Plots with a View, released internationally as Undertaking Betty, is a 2002 British dark comedy written by Frederick Ponzlov, directed by Nick Hurran, starring Brenda Blethyn, Robert Pugh, Alfred Molina, Naomi Watts, Lee Evans and Christopher Walken. The film began filming in Caldicot, Monmouthshire, Wales in 2002, and was released in the U.S. on 12 November 2005, with a DVD release on 7 March 2006.", "Q2418908": "Belarusian State University (BSU) (Belarusian: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0441\u043a\u0456 \u0434\u0437\u044f\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0301\u045e\u043d\u044b \u045e\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0442\u044d\u0301\u0442, Belarusian pronunciation: [b\u02b2\u025bla\u02c8rusk\u02b2i d\u0361z\u02b2ar\u02c8\u0292awn\u0268 wn\u02b2iv\u02b2\u025brs\u02b2i\u02c8t\u025bt]; Russian: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0442) is a university in Minsk, Belarus. It was founded on October 30, 1921.", "Q231880": "Nina Elisabet Persson audio (born 6 September 1974) is a Swedish lead singer and lyricist of the Swedish rock band The Cardigans. She has also worked as a solo artist, releasing two albums as A Camp and one under her own name. She has also appeared as a guest artist with many other acts.\nPersson made her acting debut in the movie Om Gud vill which was released in 2006.\nShe appears on the Manic Street Preachers song \"Your Love Alone Is Not Enough\", which reached #2 on the UK chart, on the album Send Away the Tigers. She also features on the 2009 Sparklehorse/Danger Mouse collaboration Dark Night of the Soul singing \"Daddy's Gone\".\nPersson's first solo album released under her own name, Animal Heart, was released on 10 February 2014 on the independent British record label Lojinx Records.", "Q76545": "J\u00f6rg Tauss (born 5 July 1953) is a German politician and former member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He was born in Stuttgart. From 2000 to 2009, Tauss was the spokesperson of the Education and Research workgroup of the SPD in the Bundestag. He also served within that time as regional party general secretary for Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.\nOn 6 March 2009, his home and offices in Berlin and Karlsruhe were raided by the LKAs of both Berlin and Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in a search for child pornography which he had allegedly obtained on his mobile phone. Although he claimed that the raid and investigation were politically motivated, he resigned from all government posts on 7 March, and was stripped of his parliamentary immunity on the same day. Prosecutors began the investigation after they had obtained access to phone numbers and addresses found on the mobile phone of a Bremerhaven man who was suspected of participation in a child pornography ring. He stated on 11 March that he had purchased the material only for investigation purposes pertinent to his office. He reports that his research suggests that child pornography is typically distributed by MMS and traditional mail, so that blocking websites is ineffective.\nOn 20 June 2009, Tauss announced he was leaving the SPD for the Pirate Party Germany in protest against that party's support of legislation that would block child pornography websites, which he said would set up a technical infrastructure of censorship without judicial review. On 1 July, Tauss appealed against the law because of formal reasons at the Federal Constitutional Court in Karlsruhe. On 8 September 2009, he was stripped of his parliamentary immunity and the next day he was formally charged. In May 2010 he got a suspended prison sentence of 15 months. The judge concluded that he had been active in the online child pornography scene for private reasons rather than out of political motives relating to his parliamentary work. However, the judge did not think his motivation had necessarily been sexual, it could have been sheer curiosity. 'This is a judgement which I cannot live with and do not want to live with,' Tauss said after the trial. He plans to appeal the verdict.\n\n", "Q304191": "The National Coalition Party (NCP; Finnish: Kansallinen Kokoomus; Kok.; Swedish: Samlingspartiet; Saml.) is a centre-right political party in Finland considered liberal, conservative, and liberal-conservative. Founded in 1918, the National Coalition Party is one of the \"big three\" parties that have dominated Finnish national politics for several decades, along with the Social Democratic Party and the Centre Party. The current party chair is Petteri Orpo, elected on 11 June 2016. The party self-statedly bases its politics on \"freedom, responsibility and democracy, equal opportunities, education, supportiveness, tolerance and caring\" and supports multiculturalism and LGBT rights. It is pro-NATO and pro-European as well as a member of the European People's Party (EPP).The party's vote share was approximately 20% in parliamentary elections in the 1990s and 2000s. It won 44 out of 200 seats in the parliamentary elections of 2011, becoming the largest party in the Finnish Parliament (Finnish: eduskunta; Swedish: riksdag) for the first time in its history. On the municipal level, it became the most popular party in 2008. In the 2015 election, the NCP lost its status as the country's largest party finishing second in votes and third in seats, but again joining the governing coalition. After the 2019 election, it is now the third largest party in the Finnish Parliament, behind the Social Democrats and the Finns Party, and became the second-largest opposition party after being excluded from the Rinne Cabinet.", "Q435665": "Milton \"Bags\" Jackson (January 1, 1923 \u2013 October 9, 1999) was an American jazz vibraphonist, usually thought of as a bebop player, although he performed in several jazz idioms. He is especially remembered for his cool swinging solos as a member of the Modern Jazz Quartet and his penchant for collaborating with several hard bop and post-bop players.\nA very expressive player, Jackson differentiated himself from other vibraphonists in his attention to variations on harmonics and rhythm. He was particularly fond of the twelve-bar blues at slow tempos. He preferred to set the vibraphone's oscillator to a low 3.3 revolutions per second (as opposed to Lionel Hampton's speed of 10 revolutions per second) for a more subtle tremolo. On occasion, Jackson sang and played piano professionally.", "Q314382": "Robert Thomas Christgau (; born April 18, 1942) is an American essayist and music journalist. One of the earliest professional rock critics, he spent 37 years as the chief music critic and senior editor for The Village Voice, during which time he created and oversaw the annual Pazz & Jop poll. He has also covered popular music for Esquire, Creem, Newsday, Playboy, Rolling Stone, Billboard, NPR, Blender, and MSN Music, and was a visiting arts teacher at New York University. Among the most revered and influential of music critics, he has been described by CNN senior writer Jamie Allen as \"the E.F. Hutton of the music world \u2013 when he talks, people listen.\"Christgau is best known for his terse, letter-graded capsule album reviews, composed in a concentrated, fragmented prose style featuring layered clauses, caustic wit, one-liner jokes, political digressions, and allusions ranging from common knowledge to the esoteric. Originally published in his \"Consumer Guide\" columns during his tenure at The Village Voice from 1969 to 2006, the reviews were collected in book form across three decade-ending volumes \u2013 Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Christgau's Record Guide: The '80s (1990), and Christgau's Consumer Guide: Albums of the '90s (2000). Multiple collections of his essays have also been published in book form, and a website published in his name since 2001 has freely hosted most of his work.\nAfter his dismissal from the Voice due to the paper's acquisition by New Times Media, Christgau continued to write reviews in the \"Consumer Guide\" format for MSN Music, Cuepoint, and Noisey \u2013 Vice's music section \u2013 where they were published in his \"Expert Witness\" column until July 2019, when the final edition was published. In September, he launched a paid-subscription newsletter called \"And It Don't Stop\", published on the email-newsletter platform Substack and featuring a monthly \"Consumer Guide\" column, among other writings.", "Q58860": "Gustav Ritter von Kahr (Born Gustav Kahr; 29 November 1862 \u2013 30 June 1934) was a German right-wing politician, active in the state of Bavaria. He helped turn post World War I Bavaria into Germany's center of radical-nationalism, but was then instrumental in the collapse and suppression of Adolf Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. In revenge for the latter, he was murdered later in the 1934 Night of the Long Knives.", "Q560658": "Louis Darquier (19 December 1897, Cahors \u2013 29 August 1980, near M\u00e1laga, Spain), better known under his assumed name Louis Darquier de Pellepoix, was Commissioner-General for Jewish Affairs under the Vichy R\u00e9gime.", "Q66756": "Gustav Otto (12 January 1883 \u2013 28 February 1926) was a German aircraft and aircraft engine designer and manufacturer.\nGustav was born in Cologne to Nikolaus August Otto, the founder of N. A. Otto & Cie. and inventor of the four-stroke internal combustion engine. It is therefore regarded that his interest in engines, specifically aircraft and the manufacture thereof, was something he inherited from his father at an early age.", "Q3532210": "Toray Arrows (\u6771\u30ec\u30fb\u30a2\u30ed\u30fc\u30ba) is a men's volleyball team based in Mishima city, Shizuoka, Japan. They play in V.Premier League. The owner of the team is Toray Industries.", "Q706571": "Silvanus Phillips Thompson (19 June 1851 \u2013 12 June 1916) was a professor of physics at the City and Guilds Technical College in Finsbury, England. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1891 and was known for his work as an electrical engineer and as an author. Thompson's most enduring publication is his 1910 text Calculus Made Easy, which teaches the fundamentals of infinitesimal calculus, and is still in print. Thompson also wrote a popular physics text, Elementary Lessons in Electricity and Magnetism, as well as biographies of Lord Kelvin and Michael Faraday.\n\n", "Q846570": "Americans are nationals and citizens of the United States of America. Although nationals and citizens make up the majority of Americans, some dual citizens, expatriates, and permanent residents may also claim American nationality. The United States is home to people of many different ethnic origins. As a result, American culture and law does not equate nationality with race or ethnicity, but with citizenship and permanent allegiance.", "Q95806": "G\u00fcnther Schack (12 November 1917 \u2013 14 June 2003) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II and a fighter ace credited with 174 enemy aircraft shot down in 780 combat missions. All of his victories were claimed on the Eastern Front.Born in Bartenstein in Eastern Prussia, Schack joined the military service in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany in 1939. Following flight training, he was posted to 7. Staffel (squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51\u201451st Fighter Wing). He claimed his first aerial victory on 23 July 1941 during Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. In April 1943, he was posted to fighter pilot training, returning to the Eastern Front in July. He claimed his 100th aerial victory in September and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 29 October 1943. Schack was appointed Staffelkapit\u00e4n (squadron leader) of 9. Staffel and received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves on 20 April 1944 following 133 aerial victories. In December 1944, he was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of the I. Gruppe (1st group) of JG 51 \"M\u00f6lders\". This unit was disbanded in April 1945. He then briefly took command of IV. (Sturm) Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3 \"Udet\" (JG 3\u20143rd Fighter Wing) which he led until the end of World War 2 in Europe.\nAfter the war he lived secluded in the Eifel Mountains, and devoted himself to philosophical research and died on 14 June 2003 in Schmidt, Nideggen.", "Q3917343": "The Belarusian Gymnasium of Vilnia (Belarusian: \u0412\u0456\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0456\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0456\u044f) was an important Belarusian school in Vilnius. Many notable Belarusian cultural figures of the 20th century graduated from the school.", "Q26372": "Takeshi Kitano (\u5317\u91ce \u6b66, Kitano Takeshi, born 18 January 1947) is a Japanese comedian, television presenter, actor, filmmaker, and author. While he is known primarily as a comedian and TV host in his native Japan, abroad he is known almost exclusively for his work as a filmmaker. With the exception of his works as a film director, he is known almost exclusively by the stage name Beat Takeshi (\u30d3\u30fc\u30c8\u305f\u3051\u3057, B\u012bto Takeshi).\nKitano rose to prominence in the 1970s as one half of the comedy duo Two Beat, before going solo and becoming one of the three biggest comedians in the country. After several small acting roles, he made his directorial debut with 1989's Violent Cop and garnered international acclaim for Sonatine (1993). He was not widely accepted as an accomplished director in Japan until Hana-bi won the Golden Lion in 1997. In October 2017, Kitano completed his Outrage crime trilogy with the release of Outrage Coda.He has received critical acclaim for his idiosyncratic cinematic work, winning numerous awards with Japanese film critic Nagaharu Yodogawa having once dubbed him \"the true successor\" to influential filmmaker Akira Kurosawa. Many of Kitano's films are dramas about yakuza gangsters or the police. Described by critics as using an acting style that is highly deadpan or a camera style that approaches near-stasis, Kitano often uses long takes during which little appears to be happening, or editing that cuts immediately to the aftermath of an event. Many of his films express a bleak worldview, but are also filled with humor and affection for their characters.\n\n", "Q295850": "Afonso III (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0250\u02c8f\u00f5su]; rare English alternatives: Alphonzo or Alphonse), or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician) or Alphonsus (Latin), the Boulonnais (Port. o Bolonh\u00eas), King of Portugal (5 May 1210 \u2013 16 February 1279) was the first to use the title King of Portugal and the Algarve, from 1249. He was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and his wife, Urraca of Castile; he succeeded his brother, King Sancho II of Portugal, who died on 4 January 1248.", "Q1379343": "Eva Maria Meineke (8 October 1923 - 7 May 2018) was a German actress. She appeared in more than one hundred films from 1942 to 2008, including Yesterday Girl and Something for Everyone.", "Q78568": "Gerhard Zemann (March 21, 1940, Vienna \u2014 April 14, 2010, Salzburg) was an Austrian actor. He appeared in many television series and films through his career, becoming best known for playing forensic pathologist Leo Graf on the series Inspector Rex from 1994 until 2004. He died of a heart attack in 2010, aged 70.", "Q105237": "Giacomo Meyerbeer (born Jacob Liebmann Beer; 5 September 1791 \u2013 2 May 1864) was a German opera composer of Jewish birth who has been described as perhaps the most successful stage composer of the nineteenth century. With his 1831 opera Robert le diable and its successors, he gave the genre of grand opera 'decisive character'. Meyerbeer's grand opera style was achieved by his merging of German orchestra style with Italian vocal tradition. These were employed in the context of sensational and melodramatic libretti created by Eug\u00e8ne Scribe and were enhanced by the up-to-date theatre technology of the Paris Op\u00e9ra. They set a standard which helped to maintain Paris as the opera capital of the nineteenth century.\nBorn to a very wealthy Berlin family, Meyerbeer began his musical career as a pianist but soon decided to devote himself to opera, spending several years in Italy studying and composing. His 1824 opera Il crociato in Egitto was the first to bring him Europe-wide reputation, but it was Robert le diable (1831) which raised his status to great celebrity. His public career, lasting from then until his death, during which he remained a dominating figure in the world of opera, was summarized by his contemporary Hector Berlioz, who claimed that he 'has not only the luck to be talented, but the talent to be lucky.' He was at his peak with his operas Les Huguenots (1836) and Le proph\u00e8te (1849); his last opera (L'Africaine) was performed posthumously. His operas made him the most frequently performed composer at the world's leading opera houses in the nineteenth century.\nAt the same time as his successes in Paris, Meyerbeer, as a Prussian Court Kapellmeister (Director of Music) from 1832, and from 1843 as Prussian General Music Director, was also influential in opera in Berlin and throughout Germany. He was an early supporter of Richard Wagner, enabling the first production of the latter's opera Rienzi. He was commissioned to write the patriotic opera Ein Feldlager in Schlesien to celebrate the reopening of the Berlin Royal Opera House in 1844, and he wrote music for certain Prussian state occasions.\nApart from around 50 songs, Meyerbeer wrote little except for the stage. The critical assaults of Wagner and his supporters, especially after Meyerbeer\u2019s death, led to a decline in the popularity of his works; his operas were suppressed by the Nazi regime in Germany, and were neglected by opera houses through most of the twentieth century. In the 21st century, however, the composer's major French grand operas have begun to reappear in the repertory of numerous European opera houses.", "Q220741": "City of God (Portuguese: Cidade de Deus) is a 2002 Brazilian crime film co-directed by Fernando Meirelles and K\u00e1tia Lund, released in its home country in 2002 and worldwide in 2003. The story was adapted by Br\u00e1ulio Mantovani from the 1997 novel of the same name written by Paulo Lins, but the plot is loosely based on real events. It depicts the growth of organized crime in the Cidade de Deus suburb of Rio de Janeiro, between the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1980s, with the closure of the film depicting the war between the drug dealer Li'l Z\u00e9 and vigilante-turned-criminal Knockout Ned. The tagline is \"If you run, the beast catches you; if you stay, the beast eats you.\"\nThe cast includes Alexandre Rodrigues, Leandro Firmino da Hora, Phellipe Haagensen, Douglas Silva, Alice Braga and Seu Jorge. Most of the actors were, in fact, residents of favelas such as Vidigal and the Cidade de Deus itself.\nThe film received widespread critical acclaim and was nominated for four Academy Awards in 2004: Best Cinematography (C\u00e9sar Charlone), Best Director (Meirelles), Best Film Editing (Daniel Rezende), and Best Writing (Adapted Screenplay) (Mantovani). In 2003, it was Brazil's entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but it did not end up being nominated as one of the five finalists.\nMeirelles and Lund went on to create the City of Men TV series and film City of Men (2007), which share some of the actors (notably leads Douglas Silva and Darlan Cunha) and their setting with City of God.", "Q491879": "Termez (Uzbek: Termiz/\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0437; Russian: \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0437; Tajik: \u0422\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0437; Persian: \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u200e Termez, Tirmiz; Arabic: \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u200e Tirmidh; Ancient Greek T\u00e0rmita, Th\u00e0rmis, \u0398\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03c2) is a city in the southernmost part of Uzbekistan near the Hairatan border crossing of Afghanistan. It is the hottest point of Uzbekistan. It has a population of 140,404 (1 January 2005), and is the capital of Surxondaryo Region.", "Q3943": "Lippstadt (German: [\u02c8l\u026ap\u0283tat] (listen)) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the largest town within the district of Soest. Lippstadt is situated about 60 kilometres east of Dortmund, 40 kilometres south of Bielefeld and 30 kilometres west of Paderborn.", "Q30504": "The Pastels are an indie rock group from Glasgow formed in 1981. They were a key act of the Scottish and British independent music scenes of the 1980s, and are specifically credited for the development of an independent and confident music scene in Glasgow. The group has had a number of members, but currently consists of Stephen McRobbie, Katrina Mitchell, Tom Crossley, John Hogarty, Alison Mitchell and Suse Bear.", "Q444088": "Susan Strange (9 June 1923 \u2013 25 October 1998) was a British scholar of international relations who was \"almost single-handedly responsible for creating international political economy\". Notable publications include Casino Capitalism (1986), States and Markets (1988), The Retreat of the State (1996), and Mad Money (1998).", "Q4191933": "Dmitry Borisovich Zimin (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d; born April 28, 1933, Moscow, USSR) is a Russian radio scientist and businessman, founder and honorary president of VimpelCom. Since his retirement in early 2000s he has become known as a philanthropist. He founded the Dynasty Foundation and the Zimin Foundation.", "Q46492": "Meiji University (\u660e\u6cbb\u5927\u5b66, Meiji daigaku) is a private university with campuses in Tokyo and Kawasaki, founded in 1881 by three Meiji-era lawyers, Kishimoto Tatsuo, Miyagi K\u014dz\u014d, and Yashiro Misao. It is one of the few most prestigious Japanese universities with famous alumni in various fields according to major college-preparatory schools in Japan. \nThe University has nine schools with a total of approximately 33,000 students on four campuses in Ochanomizu in Chiyoda, Tokyo, the Izumi neighborhood of Suginami-ku, Tokyo, the Ikuta neighborhood of Tama-ku, Kawasaki, and in Nakano in Nakano. \nTheir most known schools are the school of law, the school of political science and economics, and the school of commerce. The school of political science and economics has sent many famous alumni to the Japanese political world. The three former world leaders, Miki Takeo, Murayama Tomiichi, and Zhou Enlai, previously studied at this university. The acceptance rate varies by school, but the average is usually around 15% throughout the university. The University is one of the most prestigious Tokyo six universities known as \"Tokyo-roku-daigaku (the league of the Tokyo six universities).\" The league of the Tokyo six universities is a Japanese collegiate athletic conference comprising baseball teams from the mix of one public and five private universities, which is identical to America's Ivy League. \nThe university is also one of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology's (MEXT) thirteen \"Global 30\" Project universities, which as of 2014 is called the Super Global Universities program.", "Q123596": "Giuseppe Lepori (2 June 1902 \u2013 6 September 1968) was a Swiss politician.\nHe was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 16 December 1954 and handed over office on 31 December 1959. He was affiliated to the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland (CVP). \nDuring his time in office he held the Department of Posts and Railways.", "Q70120": "Brusino Arsizio is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland on the Lake of Lugano.", "Q103646": "Ronald William Howard (born March 1, 1954) is an American filmmaker and actor. Howard first came to prominence as a child actor, guest-starring in several television series, including an episode of The Twilight Zone. He gained national attention for playing young Opie Taylor, the son of Sheriff Andy Taylor (played by Andy Griffith) in the sitcom The Andy Griffith Show from 1960 through 1968. During this time, he also appeared in the musical film The Music Man (1962), a critical and commercial success. He was credited as Ronny Howard in his films from 1959 to 1973.\nHoward was cast in one of the lead roles in the coming-of-age film American Graffiti (1973), which received widespread acclaim and became one of the most profitable films of all time. The following year, Howard became a household name for playing Richie Cunningham in the sitcom Happy Days, a role he would play from 1974 through 1980. Howard continued appearing in films during this time, such as the western film The Shootist (1976) and the comedy film Grand Theft Auto (1977), which also marked his directorial debut.\nIn 1980, Howard left Happy Days to focus on directing. His films include the science-fiction/fantasy Cocoon (1985), the fantasy Willow (1988), the thriller Backdraft (1991), the historical docudrama Apollo 13 (1995), the Christmas comedy How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000), the biographical drama A Beautiful Mind (2001), the biographical sports drama Cinderella Man (2005), the thriller The Da Vinci Code (2006), the historical drama Frost/Nixon (2008), Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018), and the documentary Pavarotti (2019). For A Beautiful Mind, Howard won the Academy Award for Best Director and Academy Award for Best Picture.\nIn 2003, Howard was awarded the National Medal of Arts. He was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 2013. Howard has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions in the television and motion pictures industries.\n\n", "Q95812": "Roland Claus (born 18 December 1954 in Hettstedt, Saxony-Anhalt) is a German politician and member of \"die Linke.\"", "Q260365": "The Passion of Anna (Swedish: En passion \u2013 \"A passion\") is a 1969 Swedish psychological drama film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman, who was awarded Best Director at the 1970 National Society of Film Critics Awards for the film.", "Q39246": "Richard Phillips Feynman, ForMemRS (; May 11, 1918 \u2013 February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist, known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model. For contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 jointly with Julian Schwinger and Shin'ichir\u014d Tomonaga.\nFeynman developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions describing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the best-known scientists in the world. In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World, he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time.He assisted in the development of the atomic bomb during World War II and became known to a wide public in the 1980s as a member of the Rogers Commission, the panel that investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. Along with his work in theoretical physics, Feynman has been credited with pioneering the field of quantum computing and introducing the concept of nanotechnology. He held the Richard C. Tolman professorship in theoretical physics at the California Institute of Technology.\nFeynman was a keen popularizer of physics through both books and lectures, including a 1959 talk on top-down nanotechnology called There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom and the three-volume publication of his undergraduate lectures, The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Feynman also became known through his semi-autobiographical books Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! and What Do You Care What Other People Think?, and books written about him such as Tuva or Bust! by Ralph Leighton and the biography Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman by James Gleick.\n\n", "Q4353412": "Hugo Hammar (1864 - 1947) was a Swedish businessman.", "Q551491": "William Eugene Smith (December 30, 1918 \u2013 October 15, 1978) was an American photojournalist. He has been described as \"perhaps the single most important American photographer in the development of the editorial photo essay.\" His major photo essays include World War II photographs, the dedication of an American country doctor and a nurse midwife, the clinic of Dr Schweitzer in French Equatorial Africa, the city of Pittsburgh, and the pollution which damaged the health of the residents of Minamata in Japan. His 1948 series, Country Doctor, photographed for Life magazine is now recognized as \"the first extended editorial photo story\".", "Q716776": "Leo Huberman (October 17, 1903 in Newark, New Jersey \u2013 November 9, 1968) was an American socialist economist. In 1949 he founded and co-edited Monthly Review with Paul Sweezy. He was the chair of the Department of Social Science at New College, Columbia University; labor editor of the newspaper PM; and the author of the popular history books Man\u2019s Worldly Goods and We, The People.", "Q29055": "Sacha Noam Baron Cohen (born 13 October 1971) is an English actor, comedian, writer, director and film producer. He is known for his creation and portrayal of several fictional satirical characters, including Ali G, Borat Sagdiyev, Br\u00fcno Gehard and Admiral General Aladeen. Like his idol Peter Sellers, Baron Cohen adopts a variety of accents and guises for his characters. He interacts with unsuspecting subjects, who do not realise they have been set up for self-revealing ridicule. On these interactions, The Observer states, \"his career has been built on winding people up, while keeping a deadpan face\".Baron Cohen's other work includes voicing King Julien XIII in the Madagascar film series (2005\u20132012) and appearing in films such as Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007), Hugo (2011), and Les Mis\u00e9rables (2012). He made a cameo as a BBC News Anchor in Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues (2013). In 2016, Baron Cohen appeared in the comedy film Grimsby and co-starred in the fantasy sequel Alice Through the Looking Glass. Two years later, he created and starred in Who Is America? (2018) for Showtime, his first television project since Da Ali G Show, for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy. The following year, Baron Cohen portrayed Eli Cohen in the limited series The Spy for OCS and Netflix, for which he received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Miniseries or Television Film.\nBaron Cohen was named Best Newcomer at the 1999 British Comedy Awards for The 11 O'Clock Show, and since then, he has received two BAFTA Awards for Da Ali G Show, several Emmy nominations, a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and a Golden Globe for Best Actor for his work in the feature film Borat. After the release of Borat, Baron Cohen said he would retire Borat and Ali G because the public had become too familiar with the characters. After the release of Br\u00fcno, he said he would retire that character. At the 2012 British Comedy Awards, he received the Outstanding Achievement Award, accepting the award while reprising his Ali G character. In 2013, he received the BAFTA Charlie Chaplin Britannia Award for Excellence in Comedy.In 2018, The Times named Baron Cohen among the 30 best living comedians, and in 2019 a panel on the television channel Gold included him in a list of the greatest ever British comedians.", "Q358188": "Jeffery Deaver (born May 6, 1950) is an American mystery and crime writer. He has a bachelor of journalism degree from the University of Missouri and a J.D. degree from Fordham University and originally started working as a journalist. He later practiced law before embarking on a career as a novelist. He has been awarded the Steel Dagger and Short Story Dagger from the British Crime Writers' Association and the Nero Wolfe Award, and he is a three-time recipient of the Ellery Queen Reader's Award for Best Short Story of the Year and a winner of the British Thumping Good Read Award. His novels have appeared on bestseller lists around the world, including The New York Times, The Times, Italy's Corriere della Sera, The Sydney Morning Herald, and The Los Angeles Times.", "Q351812": "Kevin Elliot Pollak (born October 30, 1957) is an American actor, impressionist, and comedian. He has appeared in over 80 films; his roles include Sam Weinberg in Rob Reiner's legal film A Few Good Men, Jacob Goldman in Grumpy Old Men and its sequel Grumpier Old Men; Todd Hockney in The Usual Suspects, Phillip Green in Martin Scorsese's Casino, and Bobby Chicago in End of Days. \nSince 2017, Pollak has been a regular on the critically acclaimed Primetime Emmy Award winning show, The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel on Amazon.", "Q683209": "The Steghorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies between the Engstligenalp (Bernese Oberland and the Gemmi Pass (Valais). The Steghorn belongs to the massif of the Wildstrubel.\nThe easiest ascent can be made from the \"L\u00e4mmeren\" hut in the canton of Valais via the Steghorn glacier or the Leiterli rocks. Another route leads from Engstligenalp along the ridge between Steghorn and Wildstrubel.\nThe mountain can also be ascended from both sides during wintertime, yet the skiing tour is very challenging.", "Q107420": "Sheldon Lee Glashow (US: , UK: ; born December 5, 1932) is a Nobel Prize winning American theoretical physicist. He is the Metcalf Professor of Mathematics and Physics at Boston University and Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics, Emeritus, at Harvard University, and is a member of the Board of Sponsors for the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.", "Q54096": "The University of Cologne (German: Universit\u00e4t zu K\u00f6ln) is a university in Cologne, Germany. It was the sixth university to be established in Central Europe and, although it closed in 1798 before being re-established in 1919, it is now one of the largest universities in Germany with more than 48,000 students. The University of Cologne is a former German Excellence University, and as of 2017 it ranks 145th globally according to Times Higher Education.", "Q326442": "Otakar Batli\u010dka (12 March 1895, Prague, Czech Republic (then part of the Kingdom of Bohemia in Austria-Hungary) \u2013 13 February 1942, Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp) was a Czech adventurer, journalist, ham (amateur) radio operator, and member of the Czech-based Nazi resistance group Obrana N\u00e1roda during World War II.", "Q118500": "Karl Otto Ludwig von Arnim (1 August 1779 in Berlin \u2013 9 February 1861 in Berlin) was a German travel writer.", "Q438355": "Richell Rene Wright (; born October 25, 1970), known professionally as Chely Wright, is an American country music singer and activist. On the strength of her debut album in 1994, the Academy of Country Music (ACM) named her Top New Female Vocalist in 1995. Wright's first Top 40 country hit came in 1997 with \"Shut Up and Drive\". Two years later, her fourth album yielded a number one single, the title track, \"Single White Female\". Overall, Wright has released seven studio albums on various labels, and has charted more than fifteen singles on the country charts. As of May 2010, Wright's previous eight albums and 19 singles released had sold over 1,500,000 copies and 10,000,000 digital impressions to date in the United States. In May 2010, Wright became one of the first major country music performers to publicly come out as lesbian. In television appearances and an autobiography, she cited among her reasons for publicizing her homosexuality a concern with bullying and hate crimes toward gays, particularly gay teenagers, and the damage to her life caused by \"lying and hiding\".\nShe has written songs that have been recorded by Brad Paisley, Richard Marx, Indigo Girls, Mindy Smith and Clay Walker, among them Walker's top ten hit, \"I Can't Sleep\" that won her a BMI award. On May 4, 2010, Wright simultaneously released her memoir, the LAMDA nominated Like Me, and her first album of new songs since 2005, Lifted Off the Ground.\nWright's eighth album, I Am the Rain, was released on September 9, 2016, by MRI/Sony and was produced by Joe Henry. It entered the Billboard country chart at 13, the second highest debut of her career. It was also her first appearance on the Americana album chart, where it reached number 9.\nWright released her first Christmas EP in 2018 titled \"Santa Will Find You.\" She released an EP titled Revival in May 2019.", "Q185351": "A jurist (from Medieval Latin) is an expert of law or someone who researches jurisprudence. Such a person can be an academic (legal scholar), legal writer, law lecturer and law practitioner (lawyer), depending on legislation in the respective jurisdiction. Professionally, in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and in many other Commonwealth nations, the word jurist sometimes refers to a barrister and solicitor, whereas in the United States of America and Canada it often refers to a judge.Thus a jurist, someone who studies, analyses and comments on law, stands in contrast with a lawyer, someone who applies law on behalf of clients and thinks about it in practical terms.There is a fundamental difference between the work of a lawyer and that of a jurist. Many legal scholars and authors have explained that a person may be both a lawyer and a jurist, but a jurist is not necessarily a lawyer, nor a lawyer necessarily a jurist. Both must possess an acquaintance with the term \"law\". The work of the jurist is the study, analysis and arrangement of the law\u2014work which can be done wholly in the seclusion of the library. The work of the lawyer is the satisfaction of the wishes of particular human beings for legal assistance\u2014work which requires dealing to some extent therefore with people in the office, in the court room, or in the market-place.\nThe term jurist has another sense, which is wider, synonymous with legal professional, i.e. anyone professionally involved with law and justice. In some other European languages, a word resembling jurist (such as Italian giurista, German Jurist, Norwegian/Danish/Swedish/Dutch jurist, French juriste, Spanish/Catalan/Portuguese jurista, Galician xurista, Russian \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442 etc.) is used in this major sense.\n\n", "Q73429": "Berthold Karl Adolf von Deimling (21 March 1853, Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden \u2013 3 February 1944) was a general officer of the German Army during World War I.\nDeimling entered the army in 1871, following the Franco-Prussian War, and after working on the General Staff and in German South-West Africa rose to command a brigade of infantry in 1907.On the outbreak of the First World War, Deimling was in command of the XV Corps near the Swiss border and commanded them during the Battle of Mulhouse. He would later command forces in the First Battle of Ypres, the Battle of Verdun and the Battle of the Somme. He was awarded the Pour le M\u00e9rite on 28 August 1916.\nAfter the war Deimling became a committed pacifist and a member of the board of directors of the German Peace Society (DFG). He was a member of the German Democratic Party. He died in Baden-Baden.", "Q533572": "Specialty Records was an American record label founded in Los Angeles in 1945 by Art Rupe. It was known for rhythm and blues, gospel, and early rock and roll, having recorded Little Richard, Guitar Slim, Percy Mayfield, and Lloyd Price. Rupe started the company under the name Juke Box Records but changed it to Specialty when he parted company with a couple of his original partners.\nRupe's daughter restarted the label in the 1980s.The major producers for the label were Rupe, Robert \"Bumps\" Blackwell, Johnny Vincent and J. W. Alexander. Rupe was known as one of the most honest owners of an independent R&B record company in the 1950s. He was known for paying his artists, recording them well, and allowing some of the wildest R&B to be issued on any label of the day. He was also known for hating payola, but by 1953, \"the only way for Specialty to remain competitive was to pay like everybody else.\"Specialty also owned music publishing companies, Venice Music for BMI-licensed songs and Greenwich Music for ASCAP licensed-songs.The record label was sold to Fantasy Records in 1991 and is now part of the Concord Music Group. The music publishing unit was sold to Sony/ATV Music Publishing.", "Q589944": "Erik Sandin (born July 29, 1966), is an American musician and the drummer of the punk rock band NOFX, and former member of punk rock band Caustic Cause. He was a founding member of NOFX when they formed in Hollywood, California, in 1983.\nTwo years after forming NOFX, he moved to Santa Barbara, leaving the band. In just one year without Sandin, the band had already gone through two drummers (Scott Sellers and Scott Aldahl) and in 1986 the band talked Sandin into rejoining NOFX.\nHe has been NOFX's permanent drummer since his return in 1986, and played drums on every NOFX full-length album and EP released, including the 2007 live album They've Actually Gotten Worse Live!. The band Dogpiss featured a song about him called \"Erik Sandin's Stand In\" on the Fat Wreck Chords compilation album Short Music for Short People.\nBefore the recording of the 1992 album White Trash, Two Heebs and a Bean, NOFX frontman Fat Mike gave Sandin an ultimatum. He had to quit heroin or be replaced. After realizing that NOFX was the most important thing in his life and with assistance of Brett Gurewitz and Lynn Strait, Sandin entered rehab at The Ranch in Desert Hot Springs, California for treatment of heroin addiction. Sandin has not used the drug since. As it can be seen in the video series Backstage Passport, he conducts a more sober and \"clean\" life than his bandmates, often going back to the hotel after a show instead of hanging out and partying with the rest of the band.", "Q253977": "Roxann Dawson (n\u00e9e Caballero, born September 11, 1958), also credited as Roxann Biggs and Roxann Biggs-Dawson, is an American actress, producer, director, and writer best known for playing B'Elanna Torres on the television series Star Trek: Voyager.\n\n", "Q649500": "Clayton Douglass Buck (March 21, 1890 \u2013 January 27, 1965) was an American engineer and politician from New Castle Hundred, New Castle County, Delaware. He was a veteran of World War I and a member of the Republican Party, who served two terms as governor and one term as U. S. Senator from Delaware. He was known by his middle name.", "Q72737": "Gerhard Palitzcsh (June 17, 1913 \u2013 December 7, 1944), was a German SS non-commissioned officer, notorious for his activities in Auschwitz concentration camp.\n\nAt the beginning of his career as NCO, Palitzsch served as a sentry in the concentration camps of Lichtenburg, Buchenwald, and Sachsenhausen, where he was Blockf\u00fchrer (head of a prisoners\u2019 barrack). From Sachsenhausen he was transferred to Auschwitz in 1940.He brought with him 30 prisoners from Sachsenhausen who were to take over posts as Funktionsh\u00e4ftlinge (prisoners with special functions). Palitzsch was the first Rapportf\u00fchrer and in this position he practised extensive terror. Moreover, he very often took part in the executions at the black wall. Palitzsch claimed to a fellow SS member, that he was responsible for shooting some 25,000 people in the back of the head. Like other concentration camp personnel he enriched himself by stealing the property robbed from the victims and because of this he was a subject of SS investigations into theft and corruption. His transfer in 1943 to a sub-camp at Br\u00fcnn, Czech Republic, where he was made the Commandant, may have been a penal transfer.\nSome prisoners in more trusted jobs in Auschwitz fought back against the camp, one of the means of attack was to breed lice infected with Typhus in the camp infirmary and then put these lice into clothes given to SS personnel. Because of his notoriety, Palitzsch was given such an item, although he did not get typhus, his wife Luise died from it. After that, he was believed to have started sexual relations with a female prisoner.Shortly after his transfer to Br\u00fcnn he was arrested, sent back to Auschwitz, and interred in the prison in Block 11. Accused of \u201cRace Defilement\u201d, i.e. sexual relations with \"non-Aryans\" and theft, Palitzsch was sentenced to death, but reprieved and instead sent to a penal unit. In June 1944, he was thrown out of the SS. His later fate is unknown; he is said to have fallen during the battle of Budapest.\nIn a letter from the resistance movement, smuggled out of Auschwitz, he was described as \u201cthe greatest bastard of Auschwitz\u201d. His colleague, Perry Broad, wrote about him in his report that \u201che enjoyed taking part in the mass executions\u201d. Rudolf H\u00f6ss, who was not hesitant in his criticism of his staff, wrote in his memoirs: \u201cPalitzsch was the most cunning and sly creature I ever got to know during my long, many-sided duty in the various concentration camps. He literally climbed over dead bodies in order to satisfy his lust for power.\u201d", "Q272761": "Veronica Hamel (born November 20, 1943) is an American actress and model.", "Q1750532": "Yukihiro Takahashi (\u9ad8\u6a4b \u5e78\u5b8f Takahashi Yukihiro, born June 6, 1952) is a Japanese musician, singer, record producer and actor, who is best known internationally as the drummer and lead vocalist of the Yellow Magic Orchestra, and as the former drummer of the Sadistic Mika Band. He is currently a member of the group METAFIVE.", "Q55388": "Ren\u00e9 Clair (11 November 1898 \u2013 15 March 1981) born Ren\u00e9-Lucien Chomette, was a French filmmaker and writer. He first established his reputation in the 1920s as a director of silent films in which comedy was often mingled with fantasy. He went on to make some of the most innovative early sound films in France, before going abroad to work in the UK and USA for more than a decade. Returning to France after World War II, he continued to make films that were characterised by their elegance and wit, often presenting a nostalgic view of French life in earlier years. He was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1960. Clair's best known films include The Italian Straw Hat (1928), Under the Roofs of Paris (1930), Le Million (1931), \u00c0 nous la libert\u00e9 (1931), I Married a Witch (1942), and And Then There Were None (1945).\n\n", "Q126388": "Sarah Amial Morrow (born 1969) is an American jazz composer and trombonist.", "Q272007": "Joan Van Ark (born June 16, 1943) is an American actress, known for her role as Valene Ewing on the primetime soap opera Knots Landing. A life member of The Actors Studio, she made her Broadway debut in 1966 in Barefoot in the Park. In 1971, she received a Theatre World Award and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for the revival of The School for Wives.Van Ark landed her most famous role of Valene Ewing in 1978, first on the CBS series Dallas, then for 13 seasons on its spin-off Knots Landing (1979\u201392). For this role, she won the Soap Opera Digest Award for Best Actress in 1986 and 1989. She left the show in 1992, although she did return for the final episode of the series in 1993 and for the 1997 miniseries Knots Landing: Back to the Cul-de-Sac. In 1985, she received a Daytime Emmy Award nomination as host of the Tournament of Roses Parade on CBS. From 2004 to 2005, she starred in the soap opera The Young and the Restless. She reprised her role of Valene in an episode of the new Dallas series in 2013.", "Q573630": "Anthony R. Michaelis (22 August 1916 in Berlin \u2013 18 October 2007 in Heidelberg) was a science journalist and publisher.He was born Kurt Otto Adolf Michaelis, a doctor's son, in Berlin on August 22, 1916 and educated at the Falk Real Gymnasium. Although baptised a Lutheran, he had three Jewish grandparents, which meant that after Hitler came to power in 1933 he would not be allowed to study science - so his father sent him to London.\nMichaelis studied aeronautical engineering at the Imperial College of the University of London before switching to Chemistry. He went on to obtain a doctorate on \"The Dehydrogenation of Alicyclic Compounds and Terpenic Ketones in the Liquid Phase\", while lecturing at Sheffield University under Sir Patrick Linstead. He was interned as an 'enemy alien' in England in May 1940 and then Canada, where he formed lasting friendships with Klaus Fuchs, Max Perutz, Hermann Bondi and Tommy Gold. After he returned to Britain in December 1940, he joined the Auxiliary Fire Service whilst working as a chemist in a paint factory. After graduation, he became chief chemist at Milton Antiseptic.\nAfter World War II Michaelis worked for the British Intelligence Objectives Committee, which investigated enemy scientific developments, and in 1946 he married Ann Aikman, with whom he was to have three children. His distinguished career as a science journalist and editor spanned several activities including the \u201cBIOS project\u201d, technical writing at \u201cCIBA\u201d and \u201cInternational Telecommunication Union\u201d in Switzerland. Later he became a scientific film author in Australia, editor of the British magazine Discovery, science correspondent for The Daily Telegraph where he wrote daily reports on science and technology from 1969 to 1973. He was also the founding editor and publisher of Interdisciplinary Science Reviews.Whilst at the Daily Telegraph, in 1968, Michaelis was the first person to coin and use the term \"Pulsar\" to describe the discovery of Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Antony Hewish of the \"Pulsating Radio star\" in 1967. \n\nMichaelis became known as an expert on the subject of scientific cinematography. From 1950 to 1954 he worked at the University of Sydney and during this time wrote much of the textbook Research Films (1956, US). The National Library of Australia holds material related to the publication of this book.", "Q88843": "Hans Dieter Aigner (born 1958 in Linz) is an Austrian artist and writer.", "Q149997": "Herbert Manfred \"Zeppo\" Marx (February 25, 1901 \u2013 November 30, 1979) was an American actor, comedian, theatrical agent, and engineer. He was the youngest of the five Marx Brothers and also the last to die. He appeared in the first five Marx Brothers feature films, from 1929 to 1933, but then left the act to start his second career as an engineer and theatrical agent.", "Q24217": "Addison Smith McClure (October 10, 1839 \u2013 April 17, 1903) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.", "Q101737": "Reinhold Wulle ((1882-08-01)August 1, 1882 in Falkenberg, Pomerania \u2013 (1950-07-16)July 16, 1950 in Gronau, North Rhine-Westphalia) was a German V\u00f6lkisch politician and publicist active during the Weimar Republic.\n\n", "Q366700": "Klaus Voormann (born 29 April 1938) is a German artist, musician, and record producer. He designed artwork for many bands including the Beatles, Harry Nilsson, the Bee Gees, Wet Wet Wet and Turbonegro. Voormann's most notable work as a producer was his work with the band Trio, including their worldwide hit \"Da Da Da\". As a musician, Voormann is best known for being the bassist for Manfred Mann from 1966 to 1969, and for performing as a session musician on a host of recordings, including \"You're So Vain\" by Carly Simon, Lou Reed's Transformer album, and on many recordings of the former members of the Beatles.\nVoormann's association with The Beatles dates back to their time in Hamburg in the early 1960s. He lived in the band's London flat with George Harrison and Ringo Starr after John Lennon and Paul McCartney moved out to live with their respective partners, and designed the cover of their album Revolver, for which he won a Grammy Award. Following the band's split, rumours circulated of the formation of a group named the Ladders, consisting of Lennon, Harrison, Starr and Voormann. This failed to materialise; however, all four would-be Ladders (plus Billy Preston) performed on the Starr track \"I'm the Greatest\", and Voormann did play on solo albums by Lennon, Harrison and Starr, as well as briefly being a member of the Plastic Ono Band. In the 1990s, he designed the artwork for The Beatles Anthology albums.\nIn 2009, Voormann released his debut solo album A Sideman's Journey, which featured many notable musicians, including the two surviving members of the Beatles, performing as 'Voormann and Friends'.", "Q1218971": "The Last Days of Pompeii is an Italian-American 1984 television miniseries filmed at Pinewood Studios and broadcast on ABC-TV and Rai, adapting the 1834 novel of the same name by Edward Bulwer-Lytton. It was the second English-language adaptation of the book for film or television (previously adapted mainly in Italian; the 1935 RKO film was unrelated to the novel and the 1900 adaptation by Walter R. Booth, the first adaptation to the cinema in English language, was a short film).\nOn June 5, 2012 Sony released the mini-series on DVD.", "Q179854": "Sir Sidney Lee (5 December 1859 \u2013 3 March 1926) was an English biographer, writer and critic.", "Q204191": "It's a Wonderful Life is a 1946 American Christmas fantasy drama film produced and directed by Frank Capra, based on the short story and booklet The Greatest Gift, which Philip Van Doren Stern wrote in 1939 and published privately in 1943. The film is one of the most beloved in American cinema, and has become traditional viewing during the Christmas season. \nThe film stars James Stewart as George Bailey, a man who has given up his dreams in order to help others, and whose imminent suicide on Christmas Eve brings about the intervention of his guardian angel, Clarence Odbody (Henry Travers). Clarence shows George all the lives he has touched, and how different life would be for his wife Mary and his community of Bedford Falls if he had never been born.\nDespite performing poorly at the box office due to stiff competition at the time of its release, the film has become a classic and is a staple of Christmas television around the world. The change in reception was helped in part due to a clerical error which put the film into the public domain, allowing it to be freely shown anywhere without licensing or royalty fees.\nTheatrically, the film's break-even point was $6.3 million, about twice the production cost, a figure it did not come close to achieving on its initial release. An appraisal in 2006 reported: \"Although it was not the complete box-office failure that today everyone believes ... it was initially a major disappointment and confirmed, at least to the studios, that Capra was no longer capable of turning out the populist features that made his films the must-see, money-making events they once were.\"It's a Wonderful Life is now considered one of the greatest films of all time. It was nominated for five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, and has been recognized by the American Film Institute as one of the 100 best American films ever made, as number 11 on its initial 1998 greatest movie list, as number 20 on its revised 2007 greatest movie list, and as number one on its list of the most inspirational American films of all time. Capra revealed that it was his personal favorite among the films he directed and that he screened it for his family every Christmas season.", "Q89585": "Dieter Stappert (October 13, 1942 - October 17, 2008) was an Austrian journalist and team manager in motorsport.", "Q118266": "Johannes Baumann (27 November 1874, Herisau \u2013 8 September 1953) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1934\u20131940).\n\nHe was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 22 March 1934 and handed over office on 31 December 1940. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party. \nDuring his office time he held the Department of Justice and Police and was President of the Confederation in 1938.", "Q959450": "Karel Navr\u00e1til (24 April 1867 \u2013 23 December 1936) was a Czech violinist, composer and music educator. He was born in Prague, and studied in Vienna under Guido Adler and Franti\u0161ek Ond\u0159\u00ed\u010dek, afterward working as a composer and music teacher in Prague. Notable students include composers Helen Hopekirk and John Powell. See: List of music students by teacher: N to Q#Karel Navr\u00e1til. He died in Prague.\nSome sources have confused him with Karl Nawratil (1836-1914).", "Q339204": "Pippi in the South Seas (original title: Pippi L\u00e5ngstrump p\u00e5 de sju haven) is a 1970 Swedish movie, based on the eponymous children's books by Astrid Lindgren with the cast of the 1969 TV series Pippi Longstocking. It was released in the US in 1974.", "Q7714798": "The Atlanta Child Murders is a TV miniseries that aired on February 10 and 12, 1985 on CBS. Inspired by true events, the miniseries examines the so-called \"Atlanta child murders\" of the late 1970s and early 1980s.", "Q416916": "Solidarity Electoral Action (Polish: Akcja Wyborcza Solidarno\u015b\u0107, AWS) was a political coalition in Poland. Since 1997 its official name has been Akcja Wyborcza Solidarno\u015b\u0107 Prawicy (AWSP) or Solidarity Electoral Action of the Right. Ruch Spo\u0142eczny AWS (RS AWS), or Social Movement for Solidarity Electoral Action, was the political arm of the Solidarity trade union and was formerly the leading party within AWS.", "Q329017": "Richard Roberts (22 April 1789 \u2013 11 March 1864) was a Welsh patternmaker and engineer whose development of high-precision machine tools contributed to the birth of production engineering and mass production.\n\n", "Q1681169": "James Talley (born November 9, 1944) is an American country blues and electric blues singer-songwriter.", "Q1001254": "Buddy Wayne Knox (July 20, 1933 \u2013 February 14, 1999) was an American singer and songwriter, best known for his 1957 rock hit song, \"Party Doll\".", "Q946570": "Father Roberto Landell de Moura (January 21, 1861 \u2013 June 30, 1928), commonly known as Roberto Landell, was a Brazilian Roman Catholic priest and inventor. He is best known for his work developing long-distance audio transmissions, using a variety of technologies, including an improved megaphone device, photophone (using light beams) and radio signals.It was reported in June 1899 that he had successfully transmitted audio over a distance of 7 kilometers (4.3 miles), which was followed by a second, public, demonstration on June 3, 1900. A lack of technical details makes it uncertain which sending technology was being used, however, if radio signals were employed, then these would be the earliest reported audio transmissions by radio. Landell received patents in Brazil and the United States during the first decade of the 1900s.\nHe had many technical and financial difficulties to develop his research, he worked most of the time alone and found a lot of resistance and disbelief on the part of authorities and the population, which prevented his recognition in life from being broader, but in certain spheres his stature scientific research was duly appreciated and it is known that he rejected opportunities to publicize its inventions. Thus, the popular idea that was formed around him as a persecuted, wronged and suffered scientist facing an insensitive and obscurantist world, is a partial truth. His biography still has many gaps and only part of his scientific legacy has been studied, with a lot of autograph documentation still to be explored. In any case, in Brazil he has already received a series of official honors and recognitions. He is honorary citizen of city of S\u00e3o Paulo, patron of Science, Technology and Innovation in the municipality of Porto Alegre, patron of Brazilian radio amateurs, and in 2012, by presidential decree, his name was inscribed in the Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom .", "Q264665": "Kitzb\u00fchel (German pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u026atsby\u02d0l]) is a medieval town situated in the Kitzb\u00fchel Alps along the river Kitzb\u00fcheler Ache in Tyrol, Austria, about 100 kilometers (62 mi) east of the state capital Innsbruck and is the administrative centre of the Kitzb\u00fchel district (Bezirk). Kitzb\u00fchel is a ski resort of international renown and its ski season lasts from mid October to early May. During winter and early spring it is frequented primarily by upper-class clientele from Austria and from abroad.", "Q239576": "Lisa Deanna Rinna (born July 11, 1963) is an American actress, author and television personality. As an actress, she is best known for her roles as Billie Reed on the NBC daytime soap opera Days of Our Lives and Taylor McBride on Fox's television drama Melrose Place. Since 2014, Rinna has been a cast member on Bravo's hit reality television series The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills. Other television credits include being a contestant on NBC's The Celebrity Apprentice and ABC's Dancing with the Stars, as well as guest starring roles on Entourage, The Middle, Veronica Mars, Community, and 8 Simple Rules. Rinna made her Broadway debut in Chicago as Roxie Hart in June 2007.She was the host of Soapnet's talk show Soap Talk (2002\u20132006), for which she earned four Emmy nominations for Outstanding Talk Show Host. Rinna has also written three books: Starlit, The Big, Fun, Sexy Sex Book, and The New York Times best-seller Rinnavation. In 2012, she debuted her fashion line \"Lisa Rinna Collection\" for QVC.", "Q312081": "William Gary Busey (; born June 29, 1944) is an American actor. A prolific character actor, Busey has appeared in over 150 films, including Lethal Weapon (1987), Predator 2 (1990), Point Break (1991), Under Siege (1992), The Firm (1993), Carried Away (1996), Black Sheep (1996), Lost Highway (1997), Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), The Gingerdead Man (2005), Quigley (2003), and Piranha 3DD (2012). Gary also made guest appearances on television shows such as Gunsmoke, Walker, Texas Ranger, Law & Order, Scrubs, Impractical Jokers, and Entourage.\nFor portraying Buddy Holly in The Buddy Holly Story (1978), Busey was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor.", "Q221339": "Lezley Zen (born February 19, 1974) is an American pornographic actress.", "Q29733": "Apollo 18 is a 2011 American-Canadian alternate history found footage science fiction horror film written by Brian Miller, directed by Gonzalo L\u00f3pez-Gallego, and produced by Timur Bekmambetov and Michele Wolkoff. After various release date changes, the film was released in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada on September 2, 2011. However, the release dates for other territories vary. The film is L\u00f3pez-Gallego's first English-language movie.\nThe film's premise is that the cancelled Apollo 18 mission actually landed on the Moon in December 1973, but never returned, and as a result the United States has never launched another expedition to the Moon. The film is shot in found-footage style, supposedly \"lost footage\" of the Apollo 18 mission that was only recently discovered. The film received mostly negative reviews.", "Q664492": "The Kreis Domleschg forms, together with the sub-districts of Avers, Rheinwald, Schams and Thusis, the Hinterrhein District of the Canton Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. The district office is located in F\u00fcrstenau.", "Q50596": "Woollim Entertainment (Korean: \uc6b8\ub9bc \uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8; RR: Ullim Enteoteinmeonteu) is a South Korean entertainment company founded in 2003 by Lee Jung-yeop.\nThe label is home to artists such as Infinite, Lovelyz, Golden Child, Joo and Rocket Punch and also manages a number of actors, including Park Joo-hwan, Lee Jae-ahn, Byun Jun-seok. It has also handled Epik High, Nell and actor Kim Min-seok.", "Q740256": "Josep Pla i Casadevall (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bp \u02c8pla]; 8 March 1897, Palafrugell, Girona, Catalonia, Spain - 23 April 1981, Llofriu, Girona, Catalonia Spain) was a Spanish journalist and a popular author. As a journalist he worked in France, Italy, England, Germany and Russia, from where he wrote political and cultural chronicles in Catalan.", "Q850460": "Sigmund Brody, or Br\u00f3dy Zsigmond (November 15, 1840, Miskolc - January 6, 1906, Budapest ) was a Hungarian journalist, and member of the Upper House of the Hungarian Parliament.", "Q372775": "Kristaq Antoniu (25 December 1907 \u2013 17 March 1979), also known as Cristache Antoniu (Romanian pronunciation: [kris\u02c8tace anto\u02c8ni.u]) in Romanian, was an Albanian-Romanian operetta tenor, baritone, and actor. He was a People's Artist of the People's Republic of Albania.", "Q585818": "Antoine-Alexis Cadet de Vaux (1743\u20131828) was a French chemist and pharmacist.", "Q66024": "Cama is a municipality in the Moesa Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q1967977": "The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (NASB) (Belarusian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u044b\u044f\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u044d\u043c\u0456\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0443\u043a \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0456, Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438, \u041d\u0410\u041d \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438, \u041d\u0410\u041d\u0411) is the national academy of Belarus.", "Q557786": "Carlos N\u00fa\u00f1ez Mu\u00f1oz (born 1971) is a Galician musician and multi-instrumentalist who plays the gaita, the traditional Galician bagpipe, Galician flute, ocarina, Irish flute, whistle and low whistle.", "Q188113": "Ronald Harry Coase (; 29 December 1910 \u2013 2 September 2013) was a British economist and author. He was the Clifton R. Musser Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Law School, where he arrived in 1964 and remained for the rest of his life. He received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1991.Coase, who believed economists should study real markets and not theoretical ones, established the case for the corporation as a means to pay the costs of operating a marketplace. Coase is best known for two articles in particular: \"The Nature of the Firm\" (1937), which introduces the concept of transaction costs to explain the nature and limits of firms; and \"The Problem of Social Cost\" (1960), which suggests that well-defined property rights could overcome the problems of externalities (see Coase theorem). Additionally, Coase's transaction costs approach is currently influential in modern organizational economics, where it was reintroduced by Oliver E. Williamson.", "Q20071": "Glauchau is a town in the German federal state of Saxony, on the right bank of the Mulde, 7 miles north of Zwickau and 17 miles west of Chemnitz by rail (its train station is on the Dresden\u2013Werdau line). It is part of the Zwickau district.", "Q1702274": "John Gustave Davis (April 11, 1910 \u2013 October 28, 1983) was an American actor, singer and trumpeter.\nBorn in Brazil, Indiana, into a family of musicians, Davis developed an interest in music during his childhood. He learned to play the trumpet and by the age of 13 was performing with his grandfather's band. After graduating from high school he worked as a musician for several orchestras, including theater orchestras in nearby Terre Haute, Indiana such as Paul Johnson's orchestra and the Leo Baxter Orchestra. Art Davis, his younger brother, also worked for Leo Baxter. \nBy 1933 was living in New York City. He formed his own trio and recorded several songs with them. From the mid-1930s he worked with Fred Waring as a musician and vocalist, and his success during this time led him to Hollywood.\nHe appeared in his first film in 1937, and the same year appeared in the film Hollywood Hotel, where he introduced the Johnny Mercer song \"Hooray for Hollywood\". His lively rendition became popular and became closely associated with the film industry. He appeared in fifteen films including Campus Cinderella (1938), Cowboy from Brooklyn (1938), Brother Rat (1938), Mr. Chump (1938),'A Child Is Born (1939) and Sarong Girl (1943).\nDavis continued to work in the music industry throughout the 1940s and 1950s, and spent several years in Detroit, Michigan where he was a popular television performer. He eventually settled in Texas, and died in Pecos from a heart attack during a hunting trip.", "Q1946761": "Moonshine Kate (born Rosa Lee Carson, October 10, 1909, Atlanta, Georgia - 1992, Bainbridge, Georgia) was an American country and folk guitarist and banjo player who is best known for recording with her father Fiddlin' John Carson and his band, the Virginia Reelers. Kate was among the earliest recorded women in country music, and arguably her best remembered song was a rendition of her father's composition \"Little Mary Phagan\".\nCarson was born the youngest of nine children in Atlanta, Georgia. As early as the age of five, she appeared as a vocalist and dancer at stage shows and political rallies as an accompaniment to her father's musical act. By age 14, Carson proficiently performed with the guitar and banjo as she played alongside her father on Atlanta's flagship radio station, WSB, and toured with him and the Virginia Reelers throughout Georgia. When Carson graduated from high school, she became a permanent member of the band.In June 1925, Carson made her recording debut accompanying her father on guitar on four sides for OKeh Records. In the same session, she also recorded two solo efforts, \"The Lonely Child\", which was about a lonely wandering orphan, and \"Little Mary Phagan\". The somber ballad was composed by Fiddlin' Jon Carson in 1915, as a response to the notorious, and highly publicized murder of 13-year-old Mary Phagan, which was allegedly perpetrated by her manager, Leo Frank. She played and recorded with the Virginia Reelers until 1934, adopting the stage name Moonshine Kate in 1928 at the suggestion of Okeh Records man Polk Brockman. Many of Kate's recordings for Okeh play up her name, consisting of short musical passages interspersed with quick-witted dialogues revolving around the moonshine trade.\nThe Great Depression ended the Carsons' recording days, and she continued to perform intermittently, also working with Eugene Talmadge on his 1932 bid for Governor of Georgia and for the Atlanta Department of Recreation. She married in 1944 and retired in Georgia. In 1983, both she and her father were inducted into the Atlanta Country Music Hall of Fame.", "Q327012": "Bangor () is a city in the U.S. state of Maine, and the county seat of Penobscot County. The city proper has a population of 33,039, making it the state's 3rd largest settlement behind Portland (66,882) and Lewiston (36,221).\nModern Bangor was established in the mid-19th century with the lumber and shipbuilding industries. Lying on the Penobscot River, logs could be floated downstream from the Maine North Woods and processed at the city's water-powered sawmills, then shipped from Bangor's port to the Atlantic Ocean 30 miles (48 km) downstream, and from there to any port in the world. Evidence of this is still visible in the lumber barons' elaborate Greek Revival and Victorian mansions and the 31-foot-high (9.4 m) statue of Paul Bunyan. Today, Bangor's economy is based on services and retail, healthcare, and education.\nBangor has a port of entry at Bangor International Airport, also home to the Bangor Air National Guard Base. Historically Bangor was an important stopover on the great circle route air route between the U.S. East Coast and Europe.\nBangor has a humid continental climate, with cold, snowy winters, and warm summers.", "Q379608": "Jon Carin (born October 21, 1964) is a Grammy Award winning musician, singer, songwriter and producer who has been a longtime collaborator with the band Pink Floyd and the solo careers of David Gilmour and Roger Waters, The Who, Pete Townshend, Eddie Vedder, and Kate Bush.", "Q4666662": "Abelardo Lafuente Garcia-Rojo (1871 in Madrid \u2013 1931 in Shanghai) was a Spanish architect and entrepreneur who had his own studio in colonial Shanghai. Between 1913 and 1931 he was the only Spaniard to have an architect studio registered in the city; Lafuente collaborated with several contemporary architects. Lafuente blended the mozarab and moorish styles from Spain into Chinese architecture. In 2009, the Spanish architect Alvaro Leonardo Perez established the Lafuente Research Project. The findings of this project were first presented at the Shanghai World Expo in 2010 in collaboration with the Instituto Cervantes. The Lafuente Research Project is ongoing.", "Q3944727": "Sadi G\u00fcl\u00e7elik (22 October 1930\u201319 August 1980) was a Turkish basketball player, civil engineer and entrepreneur.\nSadiG\u00fcl\u00e7elik was born in Istanbul, Turkey on 22 October 1930. He played for Galatasaray Volleyball and Galatasaray Basketball, which was nicknamed \"The invincible Armada\" (Turkish: Yenilmez Armada), G\u00fcl\u00e7elik was also part of the basketball teams Karag\u00fcc\u00fc and Modaspor. He participated at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. He scored 206 points in total for the Turkey national basketball team.He graduated from \u0130stanbul Technical University as a civil engineer and established Enka Construction Co. with his brother-in-law \u015ear\u0131k Tara in 1957.G\u00fcl\u00e7elik died in an air disaster in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on 19 August 1980.A sports complex, Enka Sadi G\u00fcl\u00e7elik Spor Sitesi, in Sar\u0131yer, Istanbul is named in his honor.", "Q12955": "Michel Mercier (born 7 March 1947) is a French politician and who served as Minister of Justice from 2010 until 2012.\nAfter studying law and graduation from Jean Moulin University Law school and the Lyon IEP, he taught finance and local government law at the Faculty of Law of Lyon III.\nElected Senator from the Rh\u00f4ne on 24 September 1995, he was the right's official candidate in the municipal elections in 2001 in Lyon, incumbent Mayor Raymond Barre having refused to run for re-election. Arriving behind the right-wing dissident list supported by Charles Millon in his sector, the 5th arrondissement of Lyon, he decided to withdraw in favor of Jean-Michel Dubernard, who established an alliance with Charles Millon. The Socialist G\u00e9rard Collomb was elected Mayor of Lyon.\nHe was re-elected Senator on 26 September 2004. General councillor for the canton of Thizy, he is also President of the General Council of Rh\u00f4ne since February 1990. Treasurer of the UDF, he remained loyal to the opposition of Fran\u00e7ois Bayrou vis-\u00e0-vis the government of Dominique de Villepin.\nPresident of the Centrist Union Senate group since 2002, he remained faithful to Fran\u00e7ois Bayrou by joining the MoDem. On 30 January 2008, Michel Mercier, by favouring an alliance with the UMP in Lyon, whose list was led by Dominique Perben for the 2008 municipal elections signaled his disagreement with the strategy of Fran\u00e7ois Bayrou by resigning the presidency of the MoDem in Rh\u00f4ne. He remained MoDem treasurer and member of the executive board of the MoDem until his appointment to the government.\nOn 23 June 2009, he joined the government of Fran\u00e7ois Fillon as Minister of Rural Areas and Spatial Planning. He announced his hiatus from the MoDem and was replaced as treasurer by Jean-Jacques J\u00e9gou.\nFrom 14 November 2010 he is Minister of justice in the 3rd government of Fran\u00e7ois Fillon.\nAfter the defeat of Nicolas Sarkozy at the 2012 Presidential election, he was replaced by Christiane Taubira. During his tenure as Minister, he was criticized for his lack of communication.", "Q983162": "Jules Gu\u00e9rin (14 September 1860 \u2013 10 February 1910) was a French journalist and anti-Semitic activist. He founded and led the Ligue Antisemitique, an organisation similar to the Ligue des Patriotes, and edited the French weekly L'Antijuif (fr) (Paris, 1896-1902).\nAt the start of March 1898 Gu\u00e9rin was among the speakers attacking Jews and their \"Dreyfusard servants\" at a meeting of 800 people in the Salle Wagram in Paris. \nOther speakers were Charles Devos, \u00c9douard Duboc and Max R\u00e9gis.\nThe Ligue was involved in many anti-Semitic and anti-Dreyfus protests during the Dreyfus Affair. \nAfter failing to gain financial backing from Radical and Socialist politicians for his anti-Semitic league and newspaper, he turned to royalists and announced himself an opponent of the Republican government. Gu\u00e9rin was financially supported by Prince Philippe, Count of Paris, the Orleanist claimant to the French throne, from 1898 to 1903.In 1899 Gu\u00e9rin was involved in the activities of Paul D\u00e9roul\u00e8de, who attempted to organise a coup-d'etat. He was eventually indicted, with D\u00e9roul\u00e8de and his Ligue des Patriotes for conspiring against the State. Gu\u00e9rin refused to be taken and fortified his house in the Rue Chabrol with a group of armed supporters. After 23 days of siege, he eventually gave himself up. The term \"Fort Chabrol\" for a siege situation is still in use in some French-speaking countries, even among law enforcement agencies. The Ligue was outlawed in November 1899 and Gu\u00e9rin was imprisoned for ten years.\n\n", "Q255490": "Sarah Wynter (born 15 February 1973) is an Australian actress, most widely known for her roles on American television \u2013 such as Kate Warner on the television drama 24, as Beth on Windfall, and as Keitha on Flight of the Conchords.", "Q310866": "Leonid Nikolaievich Andreyev (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0434 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432, 21 August [O.S. 9 August] 1871 \u2013 12 September 1919) was a Russian playwright, novelist and short-story writer, who is considered to be a father of Expressionism in Russian literature. He is one of the most talented and prolific representatives of the Silver Age period. Andreyev's style combines elements of realist, naturalist, and symbolist schools in literature.", "Q177851": "Isa Mustafa ([\u026a\u02c8s\u0251 m\u0289s\u02c8t\u0251f\u00e4] (listen); born 15 May 1951) is a Kosovar politician who is the leader of the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK). Mustafa was Mayor of Pristina from December 2007 to December 2013 and served as Prime Minister of Kosovo between December 2014 and September 2017.", "Q35332": "William Bradley \"Brad\" Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an American actor and film producer. He has received multiple awards, including two Golden Globe Awards and an Academy Award for his acting, in addition to another Academy Award and a Primetime Emmy Award as producer under his production company, Plan B Entertainment.\nPitt first gained recognition as a cowboy hitchhiker in the road movie Thelma & Louise (1991). His first leading roles in big-budget productions came with the drama films A River Runs Through It (1992) and Legends of the Fall (1994), and the horror film Interview with the Vampire (1994). He gave critically acclaimed performances in the crime thriller Seven (1995) and the science fiction film 12 Monkeys (1995), the latter earning him a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and an Academy Award nomination.\nPitt starred in Fight Club (1999) and the heist film Ocean's Eleven (2001), as well as its sequels, Ocean's Twelve (2004) and Ocean's Thirteen (2007). His greatest commercial successes have been Ocean's Eleven (2001), Troy (2004), Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005), World War Z (2013), and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019), for which he won a second Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Pitt's other Academy Award nominated performances were in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008) and Moneyball (2011). He produced The Departed (2006) and 12 Years a Slave (2013), both of which won the Academy Award for Best Picture, and also The Tree of Life (2011), Moneyball (2011), and The Big Short (2015), all of which were nominated for Best Picture.\nAs a public figure, Pitt has been cited as one of the most influential and powerful people in the American entertainment industry. For a number of years, he was cited as the world's most attractive man by various media outlets, and his personal life is the subject of wide publicity. From 2000 to 2005, he was married to the actress Jennifer Aniston, and from 2014 to 2019, he was married to the actress Angelina Jolie. Pitt and Jolie have six children together, three of whom were adopted internationally.", "Q1389098": "Sidney Patrick Grauman (March 17, 1879 \u2013 March 5, 1950) was an American showman who created two of Hollywood's most recognizable and visited landmarks, the Chinese Theatre and the Egyptian Theatre.\nHe was the son of David Grauman (who died in 1921 in Los Angeles, California) and Rosa Goldsmith (1853\u20131936).\nGrauman's parents were theatrical performers on various show circuits.\n\n", "Q928281": "George Friedman (Hungarian: Friedman Gy\u00f6rgy, born February 1, 1949) is a Hungarian-born U.S. geopolitical forecaster, and strategist on international affairs. He is the founder and chairman of Geopolitical Futures, an online publication that analyzes and forecasts the course of global events. Prior to founding Geopolitical Futures, he was chairman of its predecessor Stratfor, the private intelligence publishing and consulting firm he founded in 1996.", "Q360359": "Elias Howe Jr. (; July 9, 1819 \u2013 October 3, 1867) was an American inventor best known for his creation of the modern lockstitch sewing machine.", "Q74408": "Anja Hajduk (born 8 June 1963) is a German politician. She has been a member of the Alliance '90/The Greens since 1995.\n\n", "Q235364": "Judith Lewis (n\u00e9e Rumelt, born July 27, 1973), better known by her pen name Cassandra Clare, is an American author of young adult fiction, best known for her bestselling series The Mortal Instruments.", "Q12056058": "John Henry Dearle or J. H. Dearle (London 22 August 1859 \u2013 15 January 1932) was a British textile and stained-glass designer trained by the artist and craftsman William Morris who was much influenced by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Dearle designed many of the later wallpapers and textiles released by Morris & Co., and contributed background and foliage patterns to tapestry designs featuring figures by Edward Burne-Jones and others. Beginning in his teens as a shop assistant and then design apprentice, Dearle rose to become Morris & Co.'s chief designer by 1890, creating designs for tapestries, embroidery, wallpapers, woven and printed textiles, stained glass, and carpets. Following Morris's death in 1896, Dearle was appointed Art Director of the firm, and became its principal stained glass designer on the death of Burne-Jones in 1898.Morris's reputation overshadowed Dearle's work throughout Dearle's career: Dearle exhibited early patterns under Morris's name and Dearle designs continue to be sold as Morris patterns. Critical assessment of Dearle's work then underwent a significant change, during the final decades of the twentieth century, recognizing Dearle's mature work as having a unique artistic vision of its own. Dearle always remained close to Morris's esthetic, but from the 1890s onward he incorporated a distinctive set of Persian and Turkish influences.", "Q730941": "Benjamin Richard Croshaw (born 24 May 1983) is a British-Australian comedic writer, video game journalist, humorist, author, and video game developer. He is best known for his acerbic video game review series Zero Punctuation, which he produces for Escapist Magazine. Before this, Croshaw gained attention in the Adventure Game Studio community for his video game production.\nCroshaw also writes a weekly supplementary column for Escapist Magazine, named Extra Punctuation, as well as the video series Judging by the Cover. In addition, he worked on two web series for Escapist Magazine prior to them being discontinued: Jim & Yahtzee's Rhymedown Spectacular and Uncivil War.Croshaw has published five novels through Dark Horse Comics: Mogworld, published in August 2010, Jam, (October 2012), Will Save the Galaxy for Food (February 2017), Differently Morphous (March 2019) and Will Destroy the Galaxy for Cash (September 2019)\nOutside of writing, Croshaw was one of the four founders of the Mana Bar, an Australian cocktail bar and video gaming lounge which opened in 2010. The Mana Bar closed its doors on 24 May 2015.", "Q77101": "Ludwig Stumpfegger (11 July 1910 \u2013 c. 2 May 1945) was a German doctor who served in the SS of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was Adolf Hitler's personal surgeon from 1944 to 1945. Stumpfegger was present in the F\u00fchrerbunker in Berlin in late April 1945.", "Q270638": "Vanessa Joy Lachey (n\u00e9e Minnillo; born November 9, 1980) is a Filipino-American television personality, beauty queen, fashion model, television host and actress. She was also named Miss Teen USA in 1998. She has been a New York-based correspondent for Entertainment Tonight and hosted Total Request Live on MTV. She has starred in two network sitcoms, and has hosted various competition and reality shows through the 2010s and 2020s.", "Q92833": "Jack Elton Bresenham (born 11 October 1937, Clovis, New Mexico, US) is a former professor of computer science.", "Q643005": "The Wallflowers are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1989 by singer-songwriter Jakob Dylan and guitarist Tobi Miller. The band has gone through a number of personnel changes but has remained centered on Dylan. \nAfter releasing their eponymous debut album in 1992, the Wallflowers released what would become their best-known and highest-selling album, Bringing Down the Horse in 1996, which featured the songs \"One Headlight\" and \"6th Avenue Heartache\". They went on to release an additional three albums before going on hiatus. In 2012, the Wallflowers reunited to release their sixth studio album, Glad All Over.\nThe Wallflowers have won two Grammy awards: Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and Best Rock Song for \"One Headlight\" in 1998. \"One Headlight\" is also listed at #58 in Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Greatest Pop Songs.", "Q292865": "Margaret Livingston (born Marguerite Livingston; November 25, 1895 \u2013 December 13, 1984), sometimes credited as Marguerite Livingstone or Margaret Livingstone, was an American film actress and businesswoman, most notable for her work during the silent film era. She is best known today as \"the Woman from the City\" in F.W. Murnau's 1927 film Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans.", "Q114474": "Werner Scholem (29 December 1895 \u2013 17 July 1940) was a member of the German Reichstag in 1924\u20131928 and a leading member of the Communist Party of Germany.", "Q276249": "Anne Brochet (born 22 November 1966) is a French actress.", "Q271526": "Vilma B\u00e1nky (born Vilma Koncsics; 9 January 1901 \u2013 18 March 1991) was a Hungarian-American silent film actress, although the early part of her acting career began in Budapest, spreading to France, Austria, and Germany. B\u00e1nky was best known for her roles in The Eagle and The Son of the Sheik with Rudolph Valentino and several romantic teamings with Ronald Colman.", "Q112005": "Georg Ritter von Sch\u00f6nerer (17 July 1842 \u2013 14 August 1921) was an Austrian landowner and politician of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A major exponent of pan-Germanism and German nationalism in Austria as well as a radical opponent of political Catholicism and a fierce antisemite, his agitation exerted much influence on the young Adolf Hitler. Sch\u00f6nerer was known for a generation to be the most radical pan-German nationalist in Austria.\n\n", "Q474605": "Rochdale is a town in Greater Manchester, England, at the foothills of the South Pennines in the dale on the River Roch, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) northwest of Oldham and 9.8 miles (15.8 km) northeast of Manchester. It is the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, which had a population of 211,699 in 2011.Historically part of Lancashire, Rochdale's recorded history begins with an entry in the Domesday Book of 1086 under\n\"Recedham Manor\". The ancient parish of Rochdale was a division of the hundred of Salford and one of the largest ecclesiastical parishes in England, comprising several townships. By 1251, Rochdale had become important enough to have been granted a Royal charter. Rochdale flourished into a centre of northern England's woollen trade, and by the early 18th century was described as being \"remarkable for many wealthy merchants\".Rochdale rose to prominence in the 19th century as a mill town and centre for textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the first industrialised towns. The Rochdale Canal\u2014one of the major navigable broad canals of the United Kingdom\u2014was a highway of commerce during this time used for the haulage of cotton, wool and coal to and from the area. The socioeconomic change brought by the success of Rochdale's textile industry in the 19th century led to its rise to borough status and it remained a dominant settlement in its region. However, during the 20th century Rochdale's spinning capacity declined towards an eventual halt.Rochdale is the birthplace of the modern Co-operative Movement, to which more than one billion people worldwide belonged in 2012. The Rochdale Equitable Pioneers Society was founded in 1844 by 28 local residents as a response to the high cost and frequent adulteration of basic foodstuffs by shopkeepers at the time. The Pioneers were notable for combining the notion of the patronage dividend alongside investing trading surplus for member benefit, especially in education. The Rochdale Principles, the set of ideals which underpinned the society, are still used, in updated form, by the International Co-operative Alliance. The Rochdale Pioneers shop was the precursor to The Co-operative Group, the largest consumer co-operative in the world.\nRochdale today is a predominantly residential town. Rochdale Town Hall\u2014a Grade I listed building\u2014dates from 1871 and is one of the United Kingdom's finest examples of Victorian Gothic revival architecture.", "Q1296812": "L.V. Thomas (n\u00e9e L.V. Grant, August 7, 1891 \u2013 May 20, 1979), better known as Elvie Thomas, was an American country blues singer and guitarist from Houston, Texas.", "Q19800": "Li Shijun (Chinese: \u674e\u58eb\u4fca; pinyin: L\u01d0 Sh\u00ecj\u00f9n; 29 March 1923 - 10 November 2012) was a Chinese author, editor and translator who elected as a committee member of Akademio de Esperanto since 1983 and reelected in 1992, 2001 and 2010. He was a member of the China Democratic League.He was among the first few in China who translated the Chinese literature into Esperanto.", "Q18149651": "EMPIRE Distribution, Records and Publishing Inc. (marketed as EMPIRE) is an American distribution company and record label founded in 2010 by Ghazi Shami and headquartered in San Francisco, California with offices in New York City, London, and Atlanta. It has released albums in various genres but it is predominantly focused on hip hop music. Companies and artists such as Olamide, Top Dawg Entertainment (Kendrick Lamar, Schoolboy Q, SZA), Steel Wool (Amber Liu, Anderson Paak, Watsky, Jez Dior), Jazz Anderson, Cody Wolfe, Kane Brown, Funk Volume, WHITE EAGLE, (Dizzy Wright, Jarren Benton), ESGN (Freddie Gibbs), Think It's A Game Entertainment (Rich Homie Quan, YFN Lucci), Paper Route Empire (Young Dolph, Key Glock), Hitco Entertainment (L.A. Reid), Doggystyle Records (Snoop Dogg), Funk Or Die Entertainment (Philthy Rich), Mozzy Records (Mozzy), Bad Dreams Records (Iggy Azalea) Trill Entertainment (Boosie Badazz, Webbie), Last Kings Records (Tyga), Taylor Gang Entertainment (Berner, Chevy Woods), Hustle Gang (T.I., B.o.B, Trae tha Truth), No Limit Forever Records (Master P, Choppa, Romeo Miller, G5-J, Cymphonique, Silkk the Shocker), Nature Sounds (J Dilla, Devin the Dude, Pete Rock), Jamla Records (9th Wonder, Rapsody), Bad Vibes Forever (XXXTentacion), Mastered Trax (C-Kan) and Rich Broke Entertainment (Lil Duval) have partnerships with EMPIRE, with music being distributed across platforms such as iTunes, Google Play, Amazon, Deezer, Spotify, SoundCloud, and Rdio, along with physical CDs and vinyl being distributed to traditional record stores.\nEMPIRE has supported the debut albums and early singles of a number of early artists, frequently signing young talent. In the Atlanta scene, they were the first label to release Trinidad James, Rich Homie Quan, Migos, Rocko, and K Camp. In Los Angeles, they have distributed and/or are still distributing artists such as Kendrick Lamar, Schoolboy Q, Problem, Skeme, and Crooked I. They've also been involved in New York with releases from Troy Ave, Styles P, Cam'ron, and Busta Rhymes. On the R&B side, they have signed artists such as Eric Bellinger, Jacquees, Jesse Boykins III, Jonn Hart, and Lyrica Anderson. EMPIRE has also had several chart topping reggae albums including reggae artist J Boog's album Backyard Boogie.A number of albums and singles distributed by EMPIRE have charted on Billboard, including \"Taste\" by Tyga featuring Offset, \"Look at Me\" by XXXTentacion, \"All the Way Up\" by Fat Joe and Remy Ma, \"Broccoli\" by DRAM, \"Flex (Ooh, Ooh, Ooh)\" by Rich Homie Quan, \"Might Be\" and \"OTW\" by DJ Luke Nasty, Malibu by Anderson Paak, Section.80 by Kendrick Lamar, \"Gas Pedal\" by Sage the Gemini, Phantom and the Ghost by Styles P, \"#IWantDat\" by Mindless Behavior, Knock Madness by Hopsin, and Stoner's EP by Snoop Dogg.", "Q76579": "Georgius Agricola (; born Georg Pawer or Georg Bauer; 24 March 1494 \u2013 21 November 1555) was a German Humanist scholar, mineralogist and metallurgist. Born in the small town of Glauchau, in the Electorate of Saxony of the Holy Roman Empire, he was broadly educated, but took a particular interest in the mining and refining of metals. He is well known for his pioneering work De re metallica libri XII, that was published in 1556, one year after his death. This 12-volume work is a comprehensive and systematic study, classification and methodical guide on all available factual and practical aspects, that are of concern for mining, the mining sciences and metallurgy, investigated and researched in its natural environment by means of direct observation. Unrivalled in its complexity and accuracy, it served as the standard reference work for two centuries. Agricola stated in the preface, that he will exclude all those things which I have not myself seen, or have not read or heard of.[...].That which I have neither seen, nor carefully considered after reading or hearing of, I have not written about. He thereby refuses to rely on abstruse methods through philosophical considerations and instead submits his work to the strict principles of the modern scientific method, centuries before its time. As a scholar of the Renaissance he was committed to a universal approach towards learning and research and published over 40 complete scholarly works during his professional life on a wide range of subjects and disciplines, such as pedagogy, medicine, metrology, mercantilism, pharmacy, philosophy, geology, history and many more. His innovative and comprehensive scholarly work, based on new and precise methods of production and control is remarkable and has earned him international admiration to this day.", "Q237215": "Barton Fink is a 1991 American independent period psychological thriller film written, produced, edited and directed by the Coen brothers. Set in 1941, it stars John Turturro in the title role as a young New York City playwright who is hired to write scripts for a film studio in Hollywood, and John Goodman as Charlie Meadows, the insurance salesman who lives next door at the run-down Hotel Earle.\nThe Coens wrote the screenplay for Barton Fink in three weeks while experiencing difficulty during the writing of Miller's Crossing. They began filming the former soon after Miller's Crossing was finished. The film is influenced by works of several earlier directors, particularly Roman Polanski's Repulsion (1965) and The Tenant (1976).\nBarton Fink had its premiere at the Cannes Film Festival in May 1991. In a rare sweep, it won the Palme d'Or, as well as awards for Best Director and Best Actor (Turturro). Although the film was a box office disappointment, only grossing $6 million against its $9 million budget, it received positive reviews and was nominated for 3 Academy Awards. Prominent themes of Barton Fink include the writing process; slavery and conditions of labor in creative industries; superficial distinctions between high culture and low culture; and the relationship of intellectuals with \"the common man\".\nThe diverse elements of the film have led it to defy efforts at genre classification, with the work being variously referred to as a film noir, a horror film, a K\u00fcnstlerroman, and a buddy film. It contains various literary allusions and religious overtones, as well as references to many real-life people and events \u2013 most notably the writers Clifford Odets and William Faulkner, of whom the characters of Barton Fink and W. P. Mayhew, respectively, are often seen as fictional representations. Several features of the film's narrative, particularly an image of a woman at the beach which recurs throughout, have sparked much commentary, with the Coens acknowledging some intentional symbolic elements while denying an attempt to communicate any single message in the film.", "Q364881": "Trevor Charles Rabin (, born 13 January 1954) is a South African musician, singer-songwriter, producer, and film composer. Born into a musical family and raised in Johannesburg, Rabin took up the piano and guitar at an early age and became a session musician, playing and producing with a variety of artists. In 1972, he joined the rock band Rabbitt who enjoyed considerable success in South Africa, and released his first solo album, Beginnings. In 1978, Rabin moved to London to further his career, working as a solo artist and a producer for various artists including Manfred Mann's Earth Band.\nAfter moving to Los Angeles in 1981, Rabin gained prominence as the guitarist in the progressive rock band Yes from 1983 to 1995. 90125 (1983), his first album with the group and developed mostly from Rabin's demos, remains their biggest selling album helped by the US number one single \"Owner of a Lonely Heart\". After Big Generator (1987) and Union (1991), Rabin produced Talk (1994) and left the group after its tour. During his time in Yes, Rabin acquired American citizenship.\nRabin became a prolific film composer and has since scored over 40 feature films, most notably his frequent collaborations with producer Jerry Bruckheimer. He has won numerous awards, including 11 BMI Awards. He took a short break from scoring to record his fourth solo album, Jacaranda (2012), and in 2016 to tour and record with Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin, Rick Wakeman. In 2017, Rabin was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Yes.", "Q112763": "Manfred Gerstenfeld (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e0\u05e4\u05e8\u05d3 \u05d2\u05e8\u05e1\u05d8\u05e0\u05e4\u05dc\u05d3\u200e; born 1937 in Vienna) is an Austrian-born Israeli author and former Chairman of the Steering Committee of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. He founded and directed the Center's Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism program.", "Q362228": "Sean Biggerstaff (born 15 March 1983) is a Scottish actor and musician, who portrayed Oliver Wood in the Harry Potter film series.", "Q1368272": "Louis Christophe Fran\u00e7ois Hachette (pronounced [lwi k\u0281ist\u0254f f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa a\u0283\u025bt]) (5 May 1800 \u2013 31 July 1864) was a French publisher who established a Paris publishing house designed to produce books and other material to improve the system of school instruction. Publications were initially focused on the classics and subsequently expanded to include books and magazines of all types. The firm is currently part of a global publishing house.", "Q2367411": "Josep Maria Castellet D\u00edaz de Coss\u00edo (15 December 1926 \u2013 9 January 2014), also known as Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Castellet, was a Spanish Catalan writer, poet, literacy critic, publisher and editor.\nBorn in Barcelona, he began his career in writing in 1955, and wrote novels and poetry in both Catalan and Spanish. His final novel was published in 2012.He played an outstanding role in the Spanish and Catalan culture life of the second half of the 20th century. He was the chief editor of the publishing house Edicions 62 (1964\u20131996) and afterwards president of the Grup 62. He was the founder and first president of the Associaci\u00f3 d'Escriptors en Llengua Catalana (Catalan writers association), a board member of the Comunit\u00e0 europea degli scrittori, the Prix international de Litt\u00e9rature jury and the dean of the Instituci\u00f3 de les Lletres Catalanes (Institution of Catalan letters).\nJosep Maria Castellet died on 9 January 2014, aged 87, in his hometown of Barcelona.\n\n", "Q68747": "Cugy is a municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q373325": "Lee Michael Norris (born September 25, 1981 in Greenville, North Carolina) is an American actor, best known for his roles as Stuart Minkus on Boy Meets World and its spin-off Girl Meets World, as well as Marvin \"Mouth\" McFadden on One Tree Hill.Norris appeared as a recurring guest in the first two seasons of the Boy Meets World spin-off series Girl Meets World, reprising his role as Minkus, in which he is now the father of a teenage son Farkle Minkus (Corey Fogelmanis).", "Q79892": "Belleville (French: Belle ville, meaning \"Beautiful city\") is a city in St. Clair County, Illinois, coterminous with the now defunct Belleville Township. The population was 44,478 according to the Census Bureau's 2010 data, making it the largest city in southern Illinois.\nIt is the eighth-most populated city in the state outside the Chicago metropolitan area, and the most-populated city in the state south of Springfield. It is the county seat of St. Clair County, and the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Belleville and the National Shrine of Our Lady of the Snows.\nBelleville is the most-populated city in the Metro-East region of the St. Louis Metropolitan Area and in Southern Illinois. Due to its proximity to Scott Air Force Base, the population receives a boost from military and federal civilian personnel, defense contractors, and military retirees.", "Q868869": "Harlingen ( HAR-lin-jin) is a city in Cameron County in the central region of the Rio Grande Valley of the southern part of the U.S. state of Texas, about 30 miles (48 km) from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The city covers more than 40 square miles (104 km2) and is the second-largest city in Cameron County, as well as the fourth-largest in the Rio Grande Valley. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 64,849, for a growth rate of 12.5% since the 2000 census.Harlingen is a principal city of the Brownsville\u2013Harlingen metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Brownsville-Harlingen-Raymondville combined statistical area, included in the Matamoros\u2013Brownsville metropolitan area.", "Q77667": "Bruno Hildebrand (6 March 1812 \u2013 29 January 1878) was a German economist representing the \"older\" historical school of economics. His economic thinking was highly critical of classical economists, especially of David Ricardo. His magnum opus was Economics of the Present and the Future (1848). The basic aim of this work was to establish laws of economic development. Hildebrand also stated that economic development was linear not cyclical. He supported socialist theory on the basis of religion, basic morals, and his beliefs of the negative effect of property on economic behavior.\nLike many other representatives of the German Historical School such as Friedrich List, Karl Knies, and Karl B\u00fccher, Hildebrand was a political liberal who advocated liberal institutions and a constitutional state, and participated in the Frankfurt Parliament of 1848. An economics professor in Marburg, he was accused of high treason with respect to the turmoil of 1848 and condemned to death. He avoided the execution of this sentence by escaping to Switzerland, where he served as an associate professor at the University of Zurich. Together with Alfred Escher he was a co-founder and CEO of the Swiss Northeastern Railway and also was the founder of the Swiss National Bureau Federal Statistical Office. Hildebrand also created and directed the publication 'Jahrb\u00fccher f\u00fcr National\u00f6konomie und Statistik'; for his contributions he was granted honorary Swiss citizenship. He became a professor at the University of Bern. Hildebrand returned then to Germany, where he was a professor at the University of Jena.\nHis son was the artist and sculptor Adolf von Hildebrand. His grandson was the Catholic philosopher Dietrich von Hildebrand. His great-great-grandson is environmental leader Martin von Hildebrand.\n\n", "Q500190": "The Liberal Party (Norwegian: Venstre, V, meaning \"left\") is a social-liberal political party in Norway. The party is the oldest in Norway, and has enacted reforms such as parliamentarism, freedom of religion, universal suffrage and state schooling. For most of the late 19th and early 20th century, it was Norway's largest and dominant political party, but in the postwar era it lost most of its support and became a relatively small party. The party has nevertheless participated in several centrist and centre-right government coalitions in the postwar era. It currently holds eight seats in the Parliament, and is also a part of Norway's government together with the Conservative Party, the Christian Democratic Party. Since 2010, the leader of the party is Trine Skei Grande.\nThe party is regarded as social-liberal and advocates personal freedom under the pre-condition of an active state. Since the 1970s, the party has maintained an environmentalist position, which was an important part of the party profile when it came back to parliament in the 1990s. The Liberal Party was rated the second best party after the Green Party by the environmentalist organisation Framtiden i v\u00e5re hender. The party is also a strong supporter of multiculturalism, increased labour immigration to Norway, and relaxed integration measures. Overall, it has had a centrist position in the Norwegian political landscape.Founded in 1884, then with the main support from farmers and progressive members of the bourgeoisie, it was the first political party that came into existence in Norway, and was the dominant government party for several decades. Since the 1880s, the party has seen many internal schisms. A politically moderate and religious wing broke out in 1888 to form the Moderate Liberal Party, and the conservative-liberal faction, including among them the first Prime Minister of Norway Christian Michelsen broke out in 1909 to form the Free-minded Liberal Party (both parties eventually merged into the Conservative Party). The most notable recent schism was in 1972, when the Liberal Party decided to oppose Norwegian membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), and the faction supporting membership broke out and formed the Liberal People's Party.", "Q680728": "Ian Buruma (born December 28, 1951) is a Dutch writer and editor who lives and works in the United States. In 2017, he became editor of The New York Review of Books, but left the position in September 2018.\nMuch of his writing has focused on the culture of Asia, particularly that of China and 20th-century Japan. He was the Paul W. Williams Professor of Human Rights and Journalism at Bard College from 2003 to 2017.", "Q78554": "Alexander Pschill (born 13 June 1970 in Vienna) is an Austrian actor, who played the main (human) character in Inspector Rex from 2002 to 2004, which gained him fame even outside of Austria.", "Q267422": "Joy Bryant (born October 18, 1974) is an American actress and former fashion model. She has appeared in numerous films and television since beginning her acting career in 2001. Her accolades include two NAACP Image Award nominations, and one Screen Actors Guild Award nomination.\nBorn and raised in the Bronx, New York City, Bryant was a gifted student and earned a scholarship to Yale University after high school. She began modeling in the mid-1990s, appearing in advertisements for Ralph Lauren, Tommy Hilfiger, Gap, and Victoria's Secret. She made her film debut in 2001's Carmen: A Hip Hopera. \nBryant had her breakthrough after being cast by Denzel Washington in his biographical drama film Antwone Fisher (2002), in which she played a U.S. Navy sailor. This was followed by a recurring guest role on the NBC series ER. Her subsequent film credits include the horror film The Skeleton Key and the drama Get Rich or Die Tryin' (both 2005), and the historical drama Bobby (2006).\nIn 2010, Bryant was cast in the role of Jasmine Trussell in the NBC family drama Parenthood, a role she portrayed for the series' entire six seasons before its finale in 2015. She has also appeared on television in guest roles on the series Girls (2017) and Ballers (2018).", "Q1508905": "Georges Demen\u00ff (12 June 1850 in Douai \u2013 26 October 1917 in Paris) was a French inventor, chronophotographer, filmmaker, gymnast and physical fitness enthusiast.\n\n", "Q448842": "Jarboe La Salle Devereaux, known mononymously as Jarboe (), is an American singer-songwriter and keyboardist who came to prominence as a member of the New York City-based band Swans in 1985. Jarboe and Michael Gira, the founder of Swans, were the two constant members of the group until it broke up in 1997.\nAlthough absent from the group's lineup when the band reformed in 2010, Jarboe contributed background vocals and voice collage for the band's 2012 album, The Seer. She has released numerous solo albums and collaborations, many of which have been self-published. She also co-composed the soundtrack of the 2009 horror game The Path.", "Q15784": "Peter or Pyotr Parfenovich Vlasov, better known under his pen name Vladimirov, (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0444\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432/\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432; 1905 \u2013 10 September 1953) was a Soviet diplomat and journalist. He is best known for The Vladimirov Diaries, in which he recounted the events in Yan'an during the Second World War, particularly information on Mao Zedong.From May 1938 through to November 1945, he served as a correspondent for the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS). At the same time, from May 1942 to 1945, Vladimirov also acted as a liaison officer for Comintern to the headquarters of the Communist Party of China in Yan'an, the capital of the so-called Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.\nIn The Vladimirov Diaries, he recounted events in Yan'an during the Second World War. The diary criticized Mao's government and has been heavily edited for Soviet propaganda purposes.\nVladimirov's last appointment was as a Soviet ambassador to Burma (1952); but, due to illness and death, he was unable to start working at that position.\nVlasov was married to Maria Danilovna Vlasova; they had two sons, Boris and Yury (born 1935). Yury became an Olympic champion in weightlifting and a prominent writer, he published his father's diaries in 1973, twenty years after his death.", "Q713626": "Marc Rizzo (born August 2, 1977) is an American musician, best known as the lead guitarist of metal band Soulfly and formerly of Ill Ni\u00f1o. He has featured on eight Soulfly albums to date: Prophecy, Dark Ages, Conquer, Omen, Enslaved, Savages, Archangel, and Ritual. He has also released four solo instrumental albums; Colossal Myopia, The Ultimate Devotion, Legionnaire, and Rotation. Rizzo is also a member of Cavalera Conspiracy, a side project with the co-founders of Sepultura, Max and Igor Cavalera. The band released their debut album Inflikted in 2008, Blunt Force Trauma in 2011 and Pandemonium in 2014. In March 2015, it was announced that Rizzo was playing guitar for Misfits. His only show with the band so far took place at Dutch Comic Con. In June 2016, he joined Dead by Wednesday as a second guitarist.\nWhile primarily regarded as a metal guitarist, Rizzo's solo work demonstrates an interest in a wide range of styles, combining elements of hard rock, metal, jazz, classical and flamenco guitar. 2007 saw him headline his first US tour to sell out venues across the country. In 2008, Rizzo's two solo records were released under Shrapnel Records and are available on iTunes (iTunes.com).\nRizzo was endorsed by Peavey and Yamaha, and traveled the world undertaking clinics for Peavey when his tour schedule allowed. Rizzo, as of 2009, is endorsed by B.C. Rich. A signature seven-string Stealth model has been built for him and made available for to the public as an import model in 2010. He has the using PRS SE Custom 24 seven-string guitars. He currently uses a Washburn seven-string single-cut guitar.\nIn 2004, Rizzo created the indie Phlamencore Records with younger brother Luke. Since has released two sampler CD's (international distro) and three full-lengths.\nRizzo grew up in Carlstadt, New Jersey, where he attended Henry P. Becton Regional High School.", "Q1434756": "P\u0142ock Cathedral (Polish: Katedra P\u0142ocka), or the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Masovia, is a Roman Catholic temple in the city of P\u0142ock, in central Poland. It is an example of 12th-century Romanesque architecture and is the oldest and most important historical monument in the city, which contains the tombs of several Polish monarchs.", "Q65263": "Oberriet is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q1198887": "A music director, musical director, or director of music is the person responsible for the musical aspects of a performance, production, or organization, for example the artistic director and usually chief conductor of an orchestra or concert band, the director of music of a film, the director of music at a radio station, the person in charge of musical activities or the head of the music department in a school, the coordinator of the musical ensembles in a university, college, or institution (but not usually the head of the academic music department), the head bandmaster of a military band, the head organist and choirmaster of a church, or an organist and master of the choristers (the title given to a director of music at a cathedral, particularly in England).", "Q161955": "Andr\u00e9 Robert Breton (French: [\u0251\u0303d\u0281e \u0281\u0254b\u025b\u0281 b\u0281\u0259t\u0254\u0303]; 18 February 1896 \u2013 28 September 1966) was a French writer and poet. He is known best as the co-founder, leader, principal theorist and chief apologist of Surrealism. His writings include the first Surrealist Manifesto (Manifeste du surr\u00e9alisme) of 1924, in which he defined surrealism as \"pure psychic automatism\".", "Q361721": "Lee Altus is a Ukrainian American musician and heavy metal guitarist. Altus first came to public attention in the mid-1980s with his original band, Heathen. He served as the principal songwriter and a founding member of Heathen playing on all three of their LP's, Breaking The Silence, Victims of Deception and The Evolution of Chaos. In 1990, Altus was considered for the position in Megadeth vacated by Jeff Young, but declined, and the job was given instead to Marty Friedman. He later became a permanent member of the band Exodus.\nAfter Heathen broke up in 1992 Altus moved to Germany along with his fellow ex-Heathen members Doug Piercy and Darren Minter. Altus and Minter played in the industrial metal group Die Krupps for much of the remainder of the 1990s. He also participated in a reunited version of Angel Witch.Returning to America around 2001, Altus reunited Heathen along with Minter, vocalist Dave White, bassist Mike Jastremski and guitarist Ira Black. The band put out an EP entitled Recovered, made up of rare material and, with a new second guitarist and bassist, in 2010 released The Evolution of Chaos. In 2005 Altus replaced Rick Hunolt in San Francisco thrash metal band Exodus, with whom he still currently plays, performing on their Shovel Headed Kill Machine, The Atrocity Exhibition, Let There Be Blood, Exhibit B: The Human Condition and Blood In, Blood Out albums. Altus is currently working on a new album with Heathen.\nLee is a longtime fan of the Philadelphia Flyers NHL franchise, including wearing Flyers shirts while headlining the 2020 70,000 Tons of Metal festival. \nAltus currently endorses ESP Guitars, though he used to play Jackson King V guitars. Altus was a long time user of Mesa/Boogie Amplifiers as well, but is currently an ENGL endorsee.", "Q160493": "Inverness ( (listen); from the Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Nis [i\u0272\u026a\u027e\u02b2\u02c8ni\u0283], meaning \"Mouth of the River Ness\"; Scots: Innerness) is an ancient cathedral city in the Scottish Highlands. It is the administrative centre for The Highland Council and is regarded as the capital of the Highlands. Historically it served as the county town of the county of Inverness-shire. Inverness lies near two important battle sites: the 11th-century battle of Bl\u00e0r nam F\u00e8inne against Norway which took place on the Aird, and the 18th century Battle of Culloden which took place on Culloden Moor. It is the northernmost city in the United Kingdom and lies within the Great Glen (Gleann M\u00f2r) at its northeastern extremity where the River Ness enters the Moray Firth. At the latest, a settlement was established by the 6th century with the first royal charter being granted by Dab\u00edd mac Ma\u00edl Choluim (King David I) in the 12th century. The Gaelic king Mac Bethad Mac Findl\u00e1ich (MacBeth) whose 11th-century killing of King Duncan was immortalised in Shakespeare's largely fictionalized play Macbeth, held a castle within the city where he ruled as Mormaer of Moray and Ross.The population of Inverness grew from 40,969 in 2001 to 46,969 in 2012, according to World Population Review. The Greater Inverness area, including Culloden and Westhill, had a population of 56,969 in 2012. In 2018, it had a population of 69,696. Inverness is one of Europe's fastest growing cities, with a quarter of the Highland population living in or around it, and is ranked fifth out of 189 British cities for its quality of life, the highest of any Scottish city. In the recent past, Inverness has experienced rapid economic growth: between 1998 and 2008, Inverness and the rest of the central Highlands showed the largest growth of average economic productivity per person in Scotland and the second greatest growth in the United Kingdom as a whole, with an increase of 86%. Inverness is twinned with one German city, Augsburg, and two French towns, La Baule and Saint-Valery-en-Caux.Inverness College is the main campus for the University of the Highlands and Islands. With around 8,420 students, Inverness College hosts around a quarter of all the University of the Highlands and Islands' students, and 30% of those studying to degree level.In 2014, a survey by a property website described Inverness as the happiest place in Scotland and the second happiest in the UK. Inverness was again found to be the happiest place in Scotland by a new study conducted in 2015.", "Q109425": "Gerhard Nebel (1903\u20131974) was a German author and conservative cultural critic.\nNebel studied philosophy and classical philology in Freiburg, Marburg and Heidelberg from 1923 to 1927, under Martin Heidegger and Karl Jaspers. He worked as a teacher in the Ruhr for a short time but was suspended for \"socialist agitation\", being a member of the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany. He resumed teaching in 1933, and was again suspended within a year.\nHe then travelled to Egypt, where he worked as a private tutor, intermittently working in Germany in 1937 before travelling in East Africa during 1938/9.\nNebel was drafted into the Luftwaffe and worked as a translator in Paris in 1941, where he met Ernst J\u00fcnger. After comparing fighter airplanes with insects in an essay, he was demoted and transferred as a construction soldier to Alderney. \nAfter the war, he worked again as a teacher. He published his diaries, and the essay collections Von den Elementen and Tyrannis und Freiheit.\nHe retired in 1955, working as an independent author, his last book Hamann appearing in 1973.\nNebel switched his ideological alignment several times during his life; he identified as a Social Democrat, a Marxist, a Nihilist, an Atheist, a Reactionary and after World War 2 he developed his own idiosyncratic form of conservativism. His temper was choleric, and his style often polemic and zealous.", "Q482187": "Victor Mayer Am\u00e9d\u00e9e Mannheim (17 July 1831 in Paris, France \u2013 11 December 1906 in Paris, France) was the inventor of the modern slide rule. Around 1850, he introduced a new scale system that used a runner to perform calculations. This type of slide rule became known under the name of its inventor: the Mannheim.", "Q676914": "Earl B. Hunt (January 8, 1933 \u2013 April 12 or 13, 2016) was an American psychologist specializing in the study of human and artificial intelligence. Within these fields he focused on individual differences in intelligence and the implications of these differences within a high-technology society. He was in partial retirement as emeritus professor of psychology and adjunct professor of computer science at the University of Washington at the time of his death. His book Will We Be Smart Enough? discussed demographic projections and psychometric research as they relate to predictions of possible future workplaces.He was a former president of the International Society for Intelligence Research.", "Q42810": "Le Havre (, French: [l\u0259 \u0251v\u0281(\u0259)] (listen); Norman: L\u00e9 H\u00e2vre) is an urban French commune and city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northwestern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the river Seine on the Channel southwest of the Pays de Caux. Le Havre is the most populous commune of Upper Normandy, although the total population of the greater Le Havre conurbation is smaller than that of Rouen. After Reims, it is also the second largest subprefecture in France. The name Le Havre means \"the harbour\" or \"the port\". Its inhabitants are known as Havrais or Havraises.The city and port were founded by King Francis I in 1517. Economic development in the Early modern period was hampered by religious wars, conflicts with the English, epidemics, and storms. It was from the end of the 18th century that Le Havre started growing and the port took off first with the slave trade then other international trade. After the 1944 bombings the firm of Auguste Perret began to rebuild the city in concrete. The oil, chemical, and automotive industries were dynamic during the Trente Glorieuses (postwar boom) but the 1970s marked the end of the golden age of ocean liners and the beginning of the economic crisis: the population declined, unemployment increased and remains at a high level today.\nChanges in years 1990\u20132000 were numerous. The right won the municipal elections and committed the city to the path of reconversion, seeking to develop the service sector and new industries (Aeronautics, Wind turbines). The Port 2000 project increased the container capacity to compete with ports of northern Europe, transformed the southern districts of the city, and ocean liners returned. Modern Le Havre remains deeply influenced by its employment and maritime traditions. Its port is the second largest in France, after that of Marseille, for total traffic, and the largest French container port.\nIn 2005, UNESCO inscribed the central city of Le Havre as a World Heritage Site. The Andr\u00e9 Malraux Modern Art Museum is the second of France for the number of impressionist paintings. The city has been awarded two flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.", "Q685644": "Jacksonville is a city located in Cherokee County, Texas, United States. The population was 14,544 at the 2010 census. It is the principal city of the Jacksonville Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Cherokee County, and part of the larger Tyler\u2013Jacksonville combined statistical area.\nJacksonville is located in an area of rolling hills in East Texas, north of the county seat, Rusk, and south of Tyler, in neighboring Smith County, on U.S. Highway 69. The north-south Highway 69 intersects the east\u2013west U.S. Highway 79 adjacent to the city's downtown area.\nArea production and shipping of tomatoes gained the town the title \"Tomato Capital of the World\". The impressive red iron ore rock Tomato Bowl, built by Works Progress Administration workers during the Great Depression, is home to the Jacksonville High School \"Fightin' Indians\" football and soccer teams. Annual events include the \"Tops in Texas Rodeo\" held in May and the \"Tomato Fest\" celebration in June.", "Q589978": "Alexandros Diomedes (Greek: \u0391\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2) (January 3, 1875 \u2013 November 11, 1950) was a governor of the Central Bank of Greece who became Prime Minister of Greece upon the death of Themistoklis Sophoulis.\nDiomedes was born in Athens, Greece to an Arvanite family from Spetses on January 3, 1875. His grandfather was former Prime Minister Diomidis Kiriakos. He studied law and economics in Weimar and Paris and earned a doctorate from the University of Berlin. In 1905, he became a professor at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He was a member of the Athens Academy.\nDiomedes was appointed prefect (\"nomarch\") of the Attica and Boeotia Prefecture in 1909. In 1910, he was elected to the Hellenic Parliament under the banner of the Liberal Party. From 1912 to 1915 and again in 1922 he served as Minister for Finance. Diomedes became Governor of the National Bank of Greece in 1923 and Governor of the Bank of Greece in 1928.\nDiomedes became Prime Minister upon the death of Sophoulis. It was during his brief term in office (June 28, 1949 \u2013 January 6, 1950) that the Greek Civil War was concluded. He was forced to resign amid a scandal involving his Minister for Transport, Hatzipanos. He died later in that same year (November 11, 1950).\nBesides being an economist and politician, Diomedes also authored several literary works, including a two-volume work on Byzantine Empire studies.\nAlong with his wife Julia, Diomidis left part of his fortune to the Greek state for the purposes of establishing a botanical garden in Athens, opened in 1952 as the \"Julia and Alexander N. Diomides Botanic Garden\".\n\n", "Q109431": "Thomas Goppel (born 30 April 1947 in Aschaffenburg, Lower Franconia, Bavaria) is a German politician and party member of the CSU party. Goppel was member of the Landtag of Bavaria from 1974 to 2018. He is the son of the former Bavarian Minister President Alfons Goppel and was a member of the Bavarian State Government from 1986 to 1998 and from 2003 to 2008. Amongst others, Goppel served as State Minister for Federal and European Affairs (1990-1994), as State Minister for Regional Development and Environment (1994-1998), as well as State Minister for Science, Research, and Arts (2003-2008). From 1998 to 2003, Goppel was Secretary General of the CSU party. Goppel is a cousin of Konrad Zdarsa, the bishop of the Augsburg Diocese.\nGoppel is married.", "Q33031": "Vojislav Ko\u0161tunica (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0412\u043e\u0458\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0442\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, pronounced [\u028b\u01d2jisla\u028b ko\u0283t\u01d4nit\u0361sa] (listen); born 24 March 1944) is a former Serbian politician. He was the last president of Yugoslavia from 2000 to 2003, and the prime minister of Serbia in two terms (from 2004 to 2007, and from 2007 to 2008).Ko\u0161tunica won the 2000 Yugoslavian presidential election as a candidate of a wide alliance Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS), which led to overthrow of Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107 and withdrawal of international sanctions against FR Yugoslavia. He strictly opposed the cooperation with International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and his party left the coalition government in protest of a decision to extradite Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107 to the ICTY. After the 2003 Serbian parliamentary election, the first elections after the dissolution of DOS and assassination of Prime Minister Zoran \u0110in\u0111i\u0107, Ko\u0161tunica formed the minority government with the support of the Milo\u0161evi\u0107's Socialist Party of Serbia and became the head of government. He was one of the crucial figures for the adoption of the first constitution of an independent Serbia, as well as for declaring Serbia a neutral country. During his second government, he opposed signing the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA), leading to the fall of the government after a year and early elections won by pro-European parties.\nHe was one of the founders and the first president of the Democratic Party of Serbia since its creation in 1992 until 19 March 2014, when he resigned as party president and retired from active politics after his party failed to reach 5% threshold to enter the Parliament on March 16 elections for the first time in its history. In October 2014, he left the party after disagreements with new party leadership over what he saw as their abandonment of the policy of political neutrality.In November 2014, he was one of the founders of Statehood Movement of Serbia.", "Q429264": "West Coast hip hop is a regional genre of hip hop music that encompasses any artists or music that originated in the West Coast region of the United States. West Coast Hip-Hop began to dominate from a radio play and sales standpoint during the early to-mid 1990s with the birth of G-Funk and the emergence of record labels such as Suge Knight and Dr Dre's Death Row Records, Ice Cube's Lench Mob Records and the continued success of Eazy-E's Ruthless Records and others.", "Q84923": "Markus Kupferblum (born 12 June 1964) is an Austrian theatre and opera director, playwright and clown. He founded the first Austrian Fringe Opera Company, Totales Theater, in Vienna and is an expert on commedia dell'arte and mask theatre.He studied at the University of Vienna, at the School of Philippe Gaulier and Monika Pagneux in Paris and at New York University.\nHe was assistant to Antoine Vitez and Achim Freyer. \nSince 2013 he has been the founder and director of the interdisciplinary music theatre ensemble Schl\u00fcterwerke in Vienna.\nHe has directed and shown productions in France, Austria, Germany, England, Spain, Belgium, the United States of America, Korea, Armenia, Lebanon, Iran, Israel, Russia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Peru, Turkey, Switzerland, and Italy.\nHe was awarded the \"1. Prix de l'Humour\" at the Avignon Festival in 1993 and is known for working across the genres of opera, circus, theatre, and film and exploring unusual performance spaces for his productions.\nIn 2007 he received the Nestroy Award for the best German-language fringe production for his play The Abandoned Dido.In 2012 he founded the European Theatre Day of Tolerance which is commemorated on every 1 February. On this occasion a Memorandum for peace and tolerance is read before the performances of almost 1,000 theaters throughout Europe and beyond.\nIn 2013 his book Die Geburt der Neugier aus dem Geist der Revolution. Die Commedia dell'Arte als politisches Volkstheater was published by Facultas, Vienna University Press.\nHe has taught acting, directing and creative writing at, for example, the University of Vienna, Max Reinhardt Seminar, University of Music and Performing Arts (Vienna), University of Applied Arts (Vienna), Rutgers University, Michigan University, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Darstellende Kunst Frankfurt, Theaterakademie August Everding M\u00fcnchen, Escuela Nacional del Teatro de Bolivia, and others.\nSince 2018 he has been Senior Lecturer at the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna, where he teaches opera directing and drama for singers.\nHe is a member of the International P.E.N. Club.\n\n", "Q324269": "Alexander \"Sandy\" Thom (26 March 1894 \u2013 7 November 1985) was a Scottish engineer most famous for his theory of the Megalithic yard, categorisation of stone circles and his studies of Stonehenge and other archaeological sites.", "Q560670": "Dervish Hima (1872\u20131928), born Ibrahim Mehmet Naxhi, was a 19th-century Albanian politician and one of the delegates of the Albanian Declaration of Independence. A publisher, he travelled from country to country, promoting Albania with articles and pamphlets.", "Q58848": "Pacifism is opposition to war, militarism or violence. The word pacifism was coined by the French peace campaigner \u00c9mile Arnaud (1864\u20131921) and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow in 1901. A related term is ahimsa (to do no harm), which is a core philosophy in Indian Religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. While modern connotations are recent, having been explicated since the 19th century, ancient references abound.\nIn modern times, interest was revived by Leo Tolstoy in his late works, particularly in The Kingdom of God Is Within You. Mohandas Gandhi (1869\u20131948) propounded the practice of steadfast nonviolent opposition which he called \"satyagraha\", instrumental in its role in the Indian Independence Movement. Its effectiveness served as inspiration to Martin Luther King Jr., James Lawson, Mary and Charles Beard, James Bevel, Thich Nhat Hanh and many others in the civil rights movement.", "Q1908432": "Mathias Breitschaft (born in 1950) is a German church musician and university teacher.", "Q1798410": "Steve Fisk is a Washington-based audio engineer, record producer and musician. A veteran of bands including Pell Mell and Pigeonhed, Fisk has earned his greatest renown as a producer.\nFisk made his solo debut in 1980 with contributions to the compilations Let Them Eat Jellybeans!, Sub Pop 5 and Life Elsewhere. In 1982 Fisk joined the instrumental outfit, Portland based Pell Mell, which issued critically acclaimed records on SST. After a move to San Francisco the group disbanded in 1985 and a few odd turns landed him in Ellensburg, Washington where he produced the Screaming Trees' Other Worlds, followed in 1986 by the group's Clairvoyance; soon his credit appeared regularly on releases from the Sub Pop and K labels including key early releases from the likes of Beat Happening and Soundgarden. In 1990 Fisk, now in Seattle, produced Nirvana's Blew sessions, followed by work with Some Velvet Sidewalk, Treepeople, The Reverend Horton Heat, Love Battery, Girl Trouble, Mary Lou Lord, The Afghan Whigs, Unwound, Seaweed, Steven \"Jesse\" Bernstein, Beat Happening, The Screaming Trees and remixes for Soundgarden. In 1993 he teamed with vocalist Shawn Smith in the ambient soul duo Pigeonhed, issuing a self-titled LP on Sub Pop. He made the leap to major label production in 1994, helming projects for Imij (Liberty), The Wedding Present (Island), Schtum (SonyUK) and The 360's (RCA); a year later a reunited Pell Mell issued Interstate on DGC, and for the same label Fisk produced The Posies, Three Mile Pilot and Boss Hog.\nThe same year saw Pigeonhed recording its 2nd Subpop LP The Full Sentence, yielding the oft licensed Battle Flag remix by the Lo Fidelity Allstars which can be heard in ER, Smallville, Dawson's Creek, Queer as Folk, Forces of Nature, Dancing at The Blue Iguana, Coyote Ugly, The Mod Squad as well as many Hollywood trailers. The original Pigeonhed version is featured in The Sopranos, Very Bad Things and The Horse Whisperer.\nIn 1996, Pell Mell were dropped. \"Nothing Lies Still Long\" was used in weekly episodes of Six Feet Under. Other tracks from their last album Starcity were featured in Sex and the City. Other 90's work include sessions with Mudhoney, Geraldine Fibbers, Low, Soul Coughing, Damien Jurado, Lois, Agents of Good Roots, Maktub, Joan Osborne, The Halo Benders, and Heather Duby. His third solo album, 999 Levels of Undo, arrived in early 2001 on Sub Pop.\nIn the 2000s Fisk produced more records for Heather Duby and Maktub as well as solo work with Reggie Watts. Reunion records for The Wedding Present and Harvey Danger. Major label records for Midnight Movies and James Jackson Toth. Indy records with Minus the Bear, Past Lives, Shoplifting, Mark Pickerel, Carrie Akre, Alicia Dara, Paul Manusos and Al Larsen.\nIn 2005 Fisk co-wrote and produced the score for the award winning Kurt Cobain documentary About a Son with Ben Gibbard.\nIn 2010 Fisk began work with KK and his Weathered Underground, mixing their Introducing cd, as well as solo records for members Kyle O'Quin and Thomas Hunter. Other mix work included Quasi, Bitch and The Telephantasm remix for Soundgarden.\nBetween 2009 and 2011 Fisk composed two 16 channel ambient audio installations for the Experience Music Project's \"Nirvana: Taking Punk to the Masses\" and \"Can't Look Away: The Lure of Horror\" exhibits.\nIn 2015 he received the Stranger Genius award in music.", "Q172083": "El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba (born Albert-Bernard Bongo; 30 December 1935 \u2013 8 June 2009) was a Gabonese politician who was President of Gabon for 42 years, from 1967 until his death in 2009. Omar Bongo was promoted to key positions as a young official under Gabon's first President L\u00e9on M'ba in the 1960s, before being elected Vice-President in his own right in 1966. In 1967, he succeeded M'ba to become the second Gabon President, upon the latter's death.\nBongo headed the single-party regime of the Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) until 1990, when, faced with public pressure, he was forced to introduce multi-party politics into Gabon. His political survival despite intense opposition to his rule in the early 1990s seemed to stem once again from consolidating power by bringing most of the major opposition leaders at the time to his side. The 1993 presidential election was extremely controversial but ended with his re-election then and the subsequent elections of 1998 and 2005. His respective parliamentary majorities increased and the opposition becoming more subdued with each succeeding election. After Cuban President Fidel Castro stepped down in February 2008, Bongo became the world's longest-ruling non-royal leader. He was one of the longest serving non-royal rulers since 1900.\nBongo was criticized for in effect having worked for himself, his family and local elites and not for Gabon and its people. For instance, French green politician Eva Joly claimed that during Bongo's long reign, despite an oil-led GDP per capita growth to one of the highest levels in Africa, Gabon built only 5 km of freeway a year and still had one of the world's highest infant mortality rates by the time of his death in 2009.After Bongo's death in June 2009, his son Ali Bongo\u2014who had long been assigned key ministerial responsibilities by his father\u2014was elected to succeed him in August 2009.", "Q579321": "Dalhousie University (commonly known as Dal) is a public research university in Nova Scotia, Canada, with three campuses in Halifax, a fourth in Bible Hill, and medical teaching facilities in Saint John, New Brunswick. Dalhousie offers more than 4,000 courses, and 180-degree programs in twelve undergraduate, graduate, and professional faculties. The university is a member of the U15, a group of research-intensive universities in Canada.\nDalhousie was established as a nonsectarian college in 1818 by the eponymous Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie. The college did not hold its first class until 1838, until then operating sporadically due to financial difficulties. It reopened for a third time in 1863 following a reorganization that brought a change of name to \"The Governors of Dalhousie College and University\". The university formally changed its name to \"Dalhousie University\" in 1997 through the same provincial legislation that merged the institution with the Technical University of Nova Scotia.\nThere are currently two student unions that represent student interests at the university: the Dalhousie Student Union and the Dalhousie Association for Graduate Students. Dalhousie's varsity teams, the Tigers, compete in the Atlantic University Sport conference of Canadian Interuniversity Sport. Dalhousie's Faculty of Agriculture varsity teams are called the Dalhousie Rams, and compete in the ACAA and CCAA. Dalhousie is a coeducational university with more than 18,000 students and 130,000 alumni around the world. The university's notable alumni include a Nobel Prize winner, 91 Rhodes Scholars, and a range of other top government officials, academics, and business leaders.", "Q191318": "Zenzl M\u00fchsam (born Kreszentia Elfinger: 27 July 1884 \u2013 10 March 1962) was a political activist who was involved, with her husband, Erich M\u00fchsam, in the Munich Soviet (\"workers' council\") of 1919.Fifteen years later, after her husband had been murdered in the Oranienburg concentration camp near Berlin, she made her way to Moscow, hoping to arrange for the publication of her husband's political writings. Eight months after her arrival, identified as a \"Trotskyist spy\" she was caught up in the political purges of the late 1930s and first arrested in April 1936. She was unable to leave the Soviet Union for another eighteen years, spending much (though not all) of that time in prisons or labour camps. She survived.", "Q114306": "Wellington College is a co-educational day and boarding independent school in the village of Crowthorne, Berkshire, England. Wellington is a registered charity and currently educates roughly 1,100 pupils, between the ages of 13 and 18, per annum. It was built as a national monument to the first Duke of Wellington (1769\u20131852), in honour of whom the College is named. Queen Victoria laid the foundation stone in 1856 and inaugurated the School's public opening on 29 January 1859.\nMany former Wellington pupils fought in the trenches during the First World War, a conflict in which 707 of them lost their lives, many volunteering for military service immediately after leaving school. A further 501 former pupils were killed in action in the Second World War.The school is a member of the Rugby Group, which includes Harrow, Radley, Shrewsbury, and Winchester, and is also a member of the G20 Schools group.", "Q981007": "Frank George Wisner II (born July 2, 1938) is an American businessman and former diplomat. He is the son of CIA official Frank Wisner (1909\u20131965). On January 31, 2011, he was sent to Egypt by President Barack Obama to negotiate a resolution to the popular protests against the regime that had swept the country. A White House spokesman said that Wisner had vast experience in the region as well as close relationships with many Egyptians in and out of government. The New York Times reports that he is a personal friend of former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak.He works as an international-affairs advisor at the firm of Squire Patton Boggs in Washington, DC.", "Q1376058": "Francesco Soriano (Soriano nel Cimino, 1548 or 1549 \u2013 Rome, 19 July 1621) was an Italian composer of the Renaissance. He was one of the most skilled members of the Roman School in the first generation after Palestrina.\nSoriano was born at Soriano, near Viterbo. He studied at the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano in Rome with several people including Palestrina, became a priest in the 1570s and by 1580 was maestro di cappella at S. Luigi dei Francesi, also in Rome. In 1581 he moved to Mantua, taking a position at the Gonzaga court there; but in 1586 he moved back to Rome where he spent the rest of his life working as choirmaster at three separate churches, including the Cappella Giulia at St. Peter's. He retired in 1620.\nSoriano worked with Felice Anerio to revise the Roman Gradual in accordance with the needs of the Counter-Reformation; this work was left incomplete by Palestrina.\nStylistically, Soriano's music is much like Palestrina's, but shows some influence from the progressive trends prevalent around the turn of the century. He adopted the polychoral style, while retaining the smooth polyphonic treatment of Palestrina, and he had a liking for homophonic textures, which generally made it easier to understand sung text.\nHe wrote masses, motets (some for eight voices), psalms (one collection, published in Venice in 1616, is for 12 voices and basso continuo), settings of the Passion according to each of the four gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John), Marian antiphons, and several books of madrigals. His Passion settings are significant predecessors of the more famous settings from the Baroque era, for instance those by J.S. Bach; they are set in a restrained but dramatic style, with some attempt at characterization. In some ways they are a predecessor of the oratorio, mixing solo voice, chorus, and non-acted character roles, but in a style more related to Palestrina than to anything Baroque.", "Q188891": "Bernardino de la Trinidad Gonz\u00e1lez Rivadavia (May 20, 1780 \u2013 September 2, 1845) was the first President of Argentina, then called the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, from February 8, 1826 to June 27, 1827.\nHe was educated at the Royal College of San Carlos, but left without finishing his studies. During the British Invasions he served as Third Lieutenant of the Galicia Volunteers. He participated in the open Cabildo on May 22, 1810 voting for the deposition of the viceroy. He had a strong influence on the First Triumvirate and shortly after he served as Minister of Government and Foreign Affairs of the Province of Buenos Aires.\nAlthough there was a General Congress intended to draft a constitution, the beginning of the War with Brazil led to the immediate establishment of the office of President of Argentina; with Rivadavia being the first to be named to the post. Argentina's Constitution of 1826 was promulgated later, but was rejected by the provinces. Strongly contested by his political party, Rivadavia resigned and was succeeded by Vicente L\u00f3pez y Planes.\nRivadavia retired to Spain, where he died in 1845. His remains were repatriated to Argentina in 1857, receiving honors as Captain General. Today his remains rest in a mausoleum located in Plaza Miserere, adjacent to Rivadavia Avenue, named after him.", "Q325177": "'nie not michael wieslaw Taflinska Micha\u0142 Bajor' (born 13 June 1957 in G\u0142ucho\u0142azy, Poland) is a Polish actor and musician. Bajor\u2019s songs based on texts by Wojciech M\u0142ynarski, Jonasz Kofta, Andrzej Ozga, Marcin Sosnowski, and Julian Tuwim 2011031988\n\n", "Q1053248": "Cem Boyner (born September 23, 1955) is a Turkish businessman in the textile industry, owner of department stores, and was a short-time politician.", "Q142626": "Helena Ignez (born May 23, 1942) is a Brazilian actress and filmmaker who participated in the Cinema Marginal movement during the 1960s and 70s alongside Rog\u00e9rio Sganzerla and Glauber Rocha.", "Q60469": "Angelus Silesius (c.\u20091624 \u2013 9 July 1677), born Johann Scheffler and also known as Johann Angelus Silesius, was a German Catholic priest and physician, known as a mystic and religious poet. Born and raised a Lutheran, he adopted the name Angelus (Latin for \"angel\" or \"heavenly messenger\") and the epithet Silesius (\"Silesian\") on converting to Catholicism in 1653. While studying in the Netherlands, he began to read the works of medieval mystics and became acquainted with the works of the German mystic Jacob B\u00f6hme through B\u00f6hme's friend, Abraham von Franckenberg. Silesius's mystical beliefs caused tension between him and Lutheran authorities and led to his eventual conversion to Catholicism. He took holy orders under the Franciscans and was ordained a priest in 1661. Ten years later, in 1671, he retired to a Jesuit house where he remained for the rest of his life.An enthusiastic convert and priest, Silesius worked to convince German Protestants in Silesia to return to the Roman Catholic Church. He composed 55 tracts and pamphlets condemning Protestantism, several of which were published in two folio volumes entitled Ecclesiologia (i.e., Ecclesiology). He is now remembered chiefly for his religious poetry, and in particular for two poetical works both published in 1657: Heilige Seelenlust (literally, \"The Soul's Holy Desires\"), a collection of more than 200 religious hymn texts that have been used by Catholics and Protestants; and Cherubinischer Wandersmann (\"The Cherubinic Pilgrim\"), a collection of 1,676 short poems, mostly Alexandrine couplets. His poetry explores themes of mysticism, quietism, and pantheism within an orthodox Catholic context.", "Q372991": "Luciano Pigozzi, also known professionally as Alan Collins (10 January 1927 \u2013 14 June 2008), was an Italian character actor. A long-time staple of Italian genre cinema, Pigozzi was noted for his resemblance to Peter Lorre and appeared in such films as Human Cobras, Yor, the Hunter from the Future, Ivanhoe, the Norman Swordsman, Blood and Black Lace, Libido and perhaps his goriest role in Baron Blood.\nBorn in Novellara, province of Reggio Emilia, in Italy; he appeared in more than one hundred films between 1954 and 1989, including many 1960s Italian thrillers such as Terror-Creatures from the Grave, Werewolf in a Girls' Dormitory and The Whip and the Body. Pigozzi died in 2008, at age 81.", "Q221305": "Star Trek III: The Search for Spock is a 1984 American science fiction film, written by Harve Bennett, directed by Leonard Nimoy, and based on the television series Star Trek. It is the third film in the Star Trek film series, and is the second part of a three-film story arc that begins with Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982) and concludes with Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986). After the death of Spock (Nimoy), the crew of the USS Enterprise returns to Earth. When James T. Kirk (William Shatner) learns that Spock's spirit, or katra, is held in the mind of Dr. Leonard \"Bones\" McCoy (DeForest Kelley), Kirk and company steal the Enterprise to return Spock's body to his homeworld. The crew must also contend with hostile Klingons led by Kruge (Christopher Lloyd) who are bent on stealing the secrets of a powerful terraforming device.\nParamount Pictures commissioned the film after the positive critical and commercial reaction to The Wrath of Khan. Nimoy directed the film, becoming the first Star Trek cast member to do so. Producer Harve Bennett wrote the script starting from the end and working back, and intended the destruction of the Enterprise to be a shocking development. Bennett and Nimoy collaborated with effects house Industrial Light & Magic to develop storyboards and new ship designs; ILM also handled the film's many special effects sequences. Aside from a single day of location shooting, all of the film's scenes were shot on Paramount and ILM soundstages. Composer James Horner returned to expand his themes from the previous film.\nThe Search for Spock opened on June 1, 1984. In its first week of release, the film grossed over $16 million from almost 2,000 theaters across North America. It went on to gross $76 million at the domestic box office, with a total of $87 million worldwide. Critical reaction to The Search for Spock was positive, but notably less so than the previous film. Reviewers generally praised the cast and characters, while criticism tended to focus on the plot; the special effects were conflictingly received. Roger Ebert called the film a compromise between the tones of the first and second Star Trek films.", "Q3852623": "Maurizio Gucci (September 26, 1948 \u2013 March 27, 1995), son of Rodolfo Gucci and grandson of Guccio Gucci, was an Italian businessman, and the one-time head of the Gucci fashion house. \nMaurizio Gucci went on to sell his stock in Gucci in 1993 for $170 million to the Bahrain-based investment group, Investcorp. In 1995, a year and a half after the sale of Gucci, he was gunned down by a hired hit man. His ex-wife Patrizia Reggiani was later convicted of arranging the killing.", "Q257293": "Georgina McKee (born 14 April 1964) is an English actress. She won the 1997 BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for Our Friends in the North (1996), and earned subsequent nominations for The Lost Prince (2003) and The Street (2007). She also starred on television in The Forsyte Saga (2002) and as Caterina Sforza in The Borgias (2011). Her film appearances include Notting Hill (1999), In the Loop (2009) and Phantom Thread (2017).\n\n", "Q3081577": "Colonel Sir Francis Arthur Marindin, KCMG (1 May 1838 \u2013 21 April 1900) served with the Royal Engineers and was a key figure in the early development of association football. He was later knighted for his work in public services.", "Q231116": "Kelly Ann Hu (born February 13, 1968 simplified Chinese: \u80e1\u51ef\u4e3d; traditional Chinese: \u80e1\u51f1\u9e97; pinyin: H\u00fa K\u01ceil\u00ec) is an Chinese-American actress, voice artist, former fashion model and beauty queen who was Miss Teen USA 1985 and Miss Hawaii USA 1993. Hu starred as Dr. Rae Chang on the American television soap opera Sunset Beach and as Michelle Chan on the American television police drama series Nash Bridges. She has also starred in numerous films including The Scorpion King (2002) as Cassandra, Cradle 2 the Grave (2003) as Sona, X2 as Yuriko Oyama / Lady Deathstrike (2003), The Tournament (2009) as Lai Lai Zhen, and White Frog (2012).\nHu has had recurring roles as Pearl on the CW series The Vampire Diaries, as China White on the CW series Arrow, as Abigail Cho on the Syfy series Warehouse 13, as Stacy Hirano in the animated series Phineas and Ferb, as teenage Hamato Miwa / Karai on Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and as Adira in Rapunzel's Tangled Adventure.\n\n", "Q68035": "Reckingen-Gluringen is a former municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It was formed in 2004 from the union of the villages and municipalities of Reckingen and Gluringen. On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Reckingen-Gluringen, Blitzingen, Grafschaft, M\u00fcnster-Geschinen and Niederwald merged into the new municipality of Goms.", "Q114460": "Hede von Trapp (November 18, 1877 \u2013 December 29, 1947) was an Austrian poet, painter and graphic designer of the Art Nouveau movement.", "Q615257": "What on Earth! (French: La Terre est habit\u00e9e!) is a 1966 National Film Board of Canada animated short co-directed by Les Drew and Kaj Pindal. The film is a mockumentary, introduced in its opening credits as produced by the \"National Film Board of Mars\" that takes a humorous look at car culture from the point of view of fictional Martians, who mistake automobiles for Earth's true inhabitants and people as their parasites. It attempts to examine the sociology of the automobile as the dominant species on earth, and makes wild guesses about the lifestyle, feeding habits, mating habits and funeral rites of this \"species.\"", "Q559797": "Roman Kotli\u0144ski (born March 15, 1967 in Ko\u0142o) is a Polish publisher, writer, journalist and politician; formerly he was Roman Catholic priest during 3 years. He published a trilogy By\u0142em ksi\u0119dzem (I was a priest) and in March 2000 he began publishing the newspaper \"Fakty i Mity\", left-wing and anticlerical oriented weekly magazine. He was member of Democratic Left Alliance for several years, then become co-founder of Reason Party. In the October 2011 parliamentary elections, he was elected to the Sejm as a candidate of the Palikot's Movement receiving 17 720 votes in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a district.Roman Kotli\u0144ski believes that Grzegorz Piotrowski abducted Jerzy Popie\u0142uszko but didn't kill him. \"Fakty i Mity\" cooperated with Grzegorz Piotrowski.\n\n", "Q323260": "Baron Lor\u00e1nd E\u00f6tv\u00f6s de V\u00e1s\u00e1rosnam\u00e9ny (Hungarian: v\u00e1s\u00e1rosnam\u00e9nyi b\u00e1r\u00f3 E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd \u00c1goston or Lor\u00e1nd E\u00f6tv\u00f6s, pronounced [\u02c8lora\u02d0nd \u02c8\u00f8tv\u00f8\u0283]; 27 July 1848 \u2013 8 April 1919), more commonly called Baron Roland von E\u00f6tv\u00f6s in English literature, was a Hungarian physicist. He is remembered today largely for his work on gravitation and surface tension, and the invention of the torsion pendulum.\nE\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University,\nthe Lor\u00e1nd E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Mathematics Competition,\nand the E\u00f6tv\u00f6s crater on the moon\nare named after him.", "Q219842": "Andr\u00e9-Gustave Citro\u00ebn (French: [\u0251\u0303d\u0281e \u0261ystav sit\u0281\u0254\u025bn]; 5 February 1878 \u2013 3 July 1935) was a French industrialist and the founder of French automaker Citro\u00ebn.He is remembered chiefly for the make of car named after him, but also for his application of double helical gears.", "Q85383": "Ludwig Freiherr von Wohlgemuth (* 25 May 1788 in Vienna; \u2020 18 April 1851 in Budapest) was an Austrian general and commander of the Order of Maria Theresa.\nIn 1844 he was appointed Major General and Brigadier of the I. Army Corps in Milan.\nDuring the revolutionary year of 1848, Wohlgemuth distinguished himself during the Five Days of Milan, and covered Radetzkys retreat, and took position at Goito.He died 1851, during a trip from Budapest to Vienna.", "Q71564": "Sigrid Hunke (26 April 1913, Kiel \u2013 15 June 1999) was a German author. She received her PhD from the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Berlin in 1941. She is known for her work in the field of religious studies. Sigrid Hunke was a pagan Unitarian.Sigrid Hunke joined the \"Germanistischer Wissenschafteinsatz\", the German Sciences Service of the SS, the organization established by Heinrich Himmler to oversee the Germanization of Northern Europe. Her job was to research racial psychology.\nHunke was also known for her claims of Muslim influence over Western values.\nHer tutor, Ludwig Ferdinand Clauss is associated with the ideology of the Neue Rechte.\nIn her book, \"Allahs Sonne \u00fcber dem Abendland\" (\"Allah's sun over the Occident\") she asserts that \"the influence exerted by the Arabs on the West was the first step in freeing Europe from Christianity.\"After 1957, she went to Morocco and stayed two years in Tangier (Tanja), after which she returned to Bonn.", "Q16254300": "Innocent Records was a pop record label created to cater to for EMI's Virgin Records more pop oriented acts. Following the success of the Spice Girls, Virgin Records decided to delve into the pop market. In doing so they poached Hugh Goldsmith from RCA Records (famous for steering Take That's initial flagging sales, to a multi-platinum act). They let him launch his own Virgin Records offshoot. His first signing was Billie Piper, followed by Martine McCutcheon, along with several dance acts Todd Terry to name one. The label continued to thrive well into the mid-2000s with Atomic Kitten and Blue achieving Platinum sales.\nIn early 2005, Hugh Goldsmith returned to Sony BMG (parent company of RCA Records) to set up Brightside Records. Not long after Hugh's departure Innocent Records was shifted from Virgin Records to the newly formed Angel Music Group. EMI's newly created commercial division, which also handles EMI Classics. For a time in the mid-2000s Angel Music Group also licensed Hollywood Records for the UK.\nInnocent Records most notable success during this period was Blue's Simon Webbe's double platinum solo album Sanctuary. The Innocent Records imprint seemed to have vanished by the late 2000s (decade) being replaced by the revived Charisma Records label, itself disappeared after limited success with pop acts such as Alphabeat, etc.", "Q180573": "South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN; Vietnamese: Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a; French: R\u00e9publique du Vi\u00eat Nam), was a state that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War. It received international recognition in 1949 as the \"State of Vietnam\" (a self-governing entity in the French Empire), which was a constitutional monarchy (1949\u20131955). The country was renamed the \"Republic of Vietnam\" in 1955. Its capital was Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City). South Vietnam was bordered by North Vietnam to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, and the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia across the South China Sea to the east and southeast.\nThe Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed on 26 October 1955, with Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m as its first president, after having briefly served as premier under Emperor B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i who was exiled. Its sovereignty was recognized by the United States and 87 other nations. It had membership in several special committees of the United Nations, but its application for full membership was rejected in 1957 because of a Soviet veto (neither South nor North Vietnam were members of the UN during the Vietnam War, but the united Vietnam became a member state in 1977). South Vietnam's origins can be traced to the French colony of Cochinchina, which consisted of the southern third of Vietnam which was Cochinchina [Nam K\u1ef3], a subdivision of French Indochina, and the southern half of Central Vietnam or Annam [Trung K\u1ef3] which was a French protectorate. After the Second World War, the anti-Japanese Vi\u1ec7t Minh guerrilla forces, led by Ho Chi Minh, proclaimed the establishment of a Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi in September 1945, issuing a Declaration of Independence modeled on the US one from 1776.In 1949, anti-communist Vietnamese politicians formed a rival government in Saigon led by former emperor B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i. B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i was deposed by Prime Minister Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m in 1955, who proclaimed himself president after a referendum. Di\u1ec7m was killed in a military coup led by general D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Minh in 1963, and a series of short-lived military governments followed. General Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u then led the country after a US-encouraged civilian presidential election from 1967 until 1975. The beginnings of the Vietnam War occurred in 1955 with an uprising by the newly organized National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng), armed and supported by the North Vietnam, with backing mainly from China and the Soviet Union. Larger escalation of the insurgency occurred in 1965 with American intervention and the introduction of regular forces of Marines, followed by Army units to supplement the cadre of military advisors guiding the Southern armed forces. A regular bombing campaign over North Vietnam was conducted by offshore US Navy airplanes, warships, and aircraft carriers joined by Air Force squadrons through 1966 and 1967. Fighting peaked up to that point during the Tet Offensive of February 1968, when there were over a million South Vietnamese soldiers and 500,000 US soldiers in South Vietnam. Later on the war the initial guerrilla war turned into a more conventional fight as the balance of power became equalized. An even larger, armored invasion from the North commenced during the Easter Offensive following US ground-forces withdrawal, and had nearly overran some major northern cities until beaten back.\nDespite a truce agreement under the Paris Peace Accords, concluded in January 1973, after a torturous five years of on and off negotiations, fighting continued almost immediately afterwards. The regular North Vietnamese army and Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng auxiliaries launched a major second combined-arms conventional invasion in 1975. Communist forces overran Saigon on 30 April 1975, marking the end of the Republic of Vietnam. On 2 July 1976, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (which had taken over administration of the country) and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (then the government of North Vietnam) merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.", "Q426631": "Albert Nobbs is a 2011 British-Irish drama film directed by Rodrigo Garc\u00eda and starring Glenn Close. The screenplay, by Close, John Banville, and Gabriella Prekop, is based on a 1927 novella by George Moore.\nThe film received mixed reviews, but the performances by Glenn Close and Janet McTeer were praised; they were nominated for the Academy Award in the categories of Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress, respectively. They also received Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. The film was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Makeup.\nThe novella had been earlier adapted as a play titled The Singular Life of Albert Nobbs in which Close starred Off-Broadway in 1982 and for which she won an Obie Award for Best Actress.", "Q460664": "Prizzi's Honor is a 1985 American black comedy crime-drama film directed by John Huston, adapted by Richard Condon and Janet Roach from Condon's 1982 novel of the same name. Jack Nicholson and Kathleen Turner star as two Mafia assassins who fall in love, complicating their professions and existing loyalties.\nThe cast also includes Robert Loggia, William Hickey, and the director's daughter, Anjelica Huston. Alex North's musical score adapts the music of Giacomo Puccini and Gioachino Rossini. It was the last of John Huston's films to be released during his lifetime.\nThough studio 20th Century Fox expected the film to be a box office bomb, it proved to be a massive sleeper hit due to critical acclaim and positive word of mouth, becoming one of the best-reviewed films of 1985. It was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including four of the \"Big Five\" (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Adapted Screenplay), with Anjelica Huston winning for Best Supporting Actress. The film also won four Golden Globes and a BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.", "Q106064": "Siegfried Graetschus (9 June 1916 \u2013 14 October 1943) was a German SS functionary at the Sobibor extermination camp during Operation Reinhard, the deadliest phase of the Holocaust in occupied Poland. He was assassinated by a prisoner during the Sobibor uprising.Graetschus joined the SS in 1935 and the Nazi Party in 1936. He served at Bernburg Euthanasia Centre and Treblinka extermination camp before being posted to Sobibor in August 1942. He succeeded Erich Lachmann as commander of the approximately 200 Ukrainian Trawniki guards at Sobibor.Graetschus was killed during the prisoner revolt at Sobibor. While sources agree that he was killed in the shoemaker's barracks with an axe to the head, they differ as to whether the fatal blow was struck by Yehuda Lerner, a Varsovian Jew, or by Arkady Wajspapir, a Jewish Russian Red Army soldier.", "Q129087": "Ethel Merman (born Ethel Agnes Zimmermann, January 16, 1908 \u2013 February 15, 1984) was an American actress, artist, and singer. Known primarily for her distinctive, powerful voice and leading roles in musical theatre, she has been called \"the undisputed First Lady of the musical comedy stage\".Among the many standards introduced by Merman in Broadway musicals are \"I Got Rhythm\" (from Girl Crazy); \"Everything's Coming Up Roses\", \"Some People\", and \"Rose's Turn\" (from Gypsy\u2014Merman starred as Rose in the original 1959 Broadway production); and the Cole Porter songs \"It's De-Lovely\" (from Red, Hot and Blue), \"Friendship\" (from DuBarry Was a Lady), and \"I Get a Kick Out of You\", \"You're the Top\", and \"Anything Goes\" (from Anything Goes). The Irving Berlin song \"There's No Business Like Show Business\", written for the musical Annie Get Your Gun, became Merman's signature song.", "Q3501194": "Hasan Eren (March 15, 1919, Vidin, Bulgaria \u2013 May 26, 2007, Ankara, Turkey) was a Turkish academic etymologist, linguist, Turkologist, and Hungarologist specializing in Turkish language, other Turkic languages, and Hungarian language who served as head of the Turkish Language Association from 1983 to 1993. He is member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1988. Eren was working on etymology of Turkish for decades. He also wrote the Dictionary of Turkish Etymology. Viktor Orb\u00e1n awarded Hasan Eren by a medal (Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary) for his contributions to the Hungarian language on June 24, 2000.", "Q109357": "K\u00e4the Braun was a German stage and film actress. She was married to director Falk Harnack and acted in several of his films.", "Q948561": "Ryo Kawasaki (\u5ddd\u5d0e \u71ce, Kawasaki Ry\u014d, February 25, 1947 \u2013 April 13, 2020) was a Japanese jazz fusion guitarist, composer and band leader, best known as one of the first musicians to develop and popularise the fusion genre and for helping to develop the guitar synthesizer in collaboration with Roland Corporation and Korg. His album Ryo Kawasaki and the Golden Dragon Live was one of the first all-digital recordings and he created the Kawasaki Synthesizer for the Commodore 64. During the 1960s, he played with various Japanese jazz groups and also formed his own bands. In the early 1970s, he moved to New York City, where he settled and worked with Gil Evans, Elvin Jones, Chico Hamilton, Ted Curson, Joanne Brackeen amongst others. In the mid-1980s, Kawasaki drifted out of performing music in favour of writing music software for computers. He also produced several techno dance singles, formed his own record company called Satellites Records, and later returned to jazz-fusion in 1991.", "Q328335": "Georges Descri\u00e8res (15 April 1930 \u2013 19 October 2013) was a French actor. He appeared in 52 films and television shows between 1954 and 1996. He starred alongside Anna Karina in the 1962 film Sun in Your Eyes and portrayed the gentleman-burglar title character in the internationally successful TV series Ars\u00e8ne Lupin.\nHe was appointed an Officer of the Legion of Honour in January 2004 and appointed Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit in May 2011.", "Q233701": "Lillian Florence Hellman (June 20, 1905 \u2013 June 30, 1984) was an American dramatist and screenwriter known for her success as a playwright on Broadway, as well as her Communist sympathies and political activism. She was blacklisted after her appearance before the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) at the height of the anti-communist campaigns of 1947\u20131952. Although she continued to work on Broadway in the 1950s, her blacklisting by the American film industry caused a drop in her income. Many praised Hellman for refusing to answer questions by HUAC, but others believed, despite her denial, that she had belonged to the Communist Party.\nAs a playwright, Hellman had many successes on Broadway, including Watch on the Rhine, The Autumn Garden, Toys in the Attic, Another Part of the Forest, The Children's Hour and The Little Foxes. She adapted her semi-autobiographical play The Little Foxes into a screenplay, which starred Bette Davis and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay in 1942.\nHellman was romantically involved with fellow writer and political activist Dashiell Hammett, author of the classic detective novels The Maltese Falcon and The Thin Man, who also was blacklisted for 10 years until his death in 1961. The couple never married.\nHellman's accuracy was challenged after she brought a libel suit against Mary McCarthy. In 1979, on The Dick Cavett Show, McCarthy said that \"every word she writes is a lie, including 'and' and 'the'.\" During the libel suit, investigators found errors in Hellman's popular memoirs such as Pentimento. They said that the \"Julia\" section of Pentimento, which had been the basis for the Oscar-winning 1977 movie of the same name, was actually based on the life of Muriel Gardiner. Martha Gellhorn, one of the most prominent war correspondents of the twentieth century, as well as Ernest Hemingway's third wife, said that Hellman's remembrances of Hemingway and the Spanish Civil War were wrong. McCarthy, Gellhorn and others accused Hellman of lying about her membership in the Communist Party and being an unrepentant Stalinist.", "Q116277": "Robert Gu\u00e9rin (28 June 1876 \u2013 19 March 1952) was a French journalist, and the 1st President and one of the founders of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). A journalist with Le Matin newspaper, Gu\u00e9rin was actively involved in football through his role as secretary of the Football Department of the Union des Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s Fran\u00e7aises de Sports Athl\u00e9tiques. He brought together representatives of the first seven member countries in Paris for the signing of FIFA's foundation act and agreement of the first FIFA statutes. On 23 May 1904, Gu\u00e9rin (then just 28) was elected president at the inaugural FIFA Congress and remained in his post for two years, during which time another eight associations came on board, including the Football Association.", "Q833879": "Iv\u00e1n Boldizs\u00e1r (born as Iv\u00e1n Bettelheim, later Iv\u00e1n Bethlen, from 1934 Iv\u00e1n Boldizs\u00e1r; 1912\u20131988) was a Hungarian journalist, writer and editor of several Hungarian publications, periodicals and newspapers.\n\n", "Q436422": "Anne-Marie Johnson (born July 18, 1960) is an American actress and impressionist. She is known for her roles as Nadine Hudson Thomas in the sitcom What's Happening Now!! (1985-1988), and Althea Tibbs in the NBC police procedural In the Heat of the Night (1988-1993). She also was a cast member in the Fox sketch comedy In Living Color (1993-94) during its final season, and had a recurring and regular roles in Melrose Place, JAG, Girlfriends and The InBetween.", "Q65511": "Meret Becker (born 15 January 1969) is a German actress and singer.", "Q1558698": "Gabor Rejto (23 January 1916 \u2013 26 June 1987) was a Hungarian cellist who performed with various artists and chamber music ensembles of the 20th century.", "Q100415": "Saralisa Volm (born June 24, 1985 in Hechingen, West Germany) is a German actress, famous, among other things for her starring role in Finale, a film by Klaus Lemke. Volm grew up in Freising, where she also went to high school. Part of her schooling was at the Gabriel-von-Seidl-Gymnasium Bad T\u00f6lz.\n\n", "Q87594": "Emilia Sch\u00fcle (born 28 November 1992 in Blagoveshchensk) is a Russian-born German actress.", "Q128399": "Uliana Alexandrovna of Tver (Russian: \u0423\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f; c.\u20091325 \u2013 17 March 1391) was a daughter of Prince Alexander of Tver and Anastasia of Halych (daughter of Yuri I of Galicia). She was the second wife of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.", "Q97787": "Werner Hermann Karl Ebeling (21 November 1913 \u2013 25 August 2008) was an officer in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II and a general in the Bundeswehr of West Germany. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. He commanded the 11 Panzergrenadier Division of the Bundeswehr from 15 January 1968 to 30 September 1970.", "Q881013": "Oscar Branch Colquitt (December 16, 1861 \u2013 March 8, 1940) was the 25th Governor of Texas from January 17, 1911 to January 19, 1915. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Gov. Colquitt defended the actions of the Texas Rangers who allegedly crossed into Mexico in pursuit of the body of Clemente Vergara in March 1914.", "Q232190": "The Fascist (Italian: Il federale) is a 1961 Italian film directed by Luciano Salce.It was coproduced with France. It was also the first feature film scored by Ennio Morricone.", "Q88328": "Herbert Schmidt (28 January 1914 \u2013 18 September 2002) was a German rower who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.\nSchmidt was born in 1914. In 1936 he won the bronze medal as crew member of the German boat in the men's eight competition.Immediately after the end of World War II, he was put in charge of sport for the administrative area of K\u00f6penick. He is credited with reviving rowing as a sport in East Berlin. In 1948, he became chief editor of Deutsches Sportecho, an East German daily sports newspaper. He was dismissed from this role after only a few months and went to the radio station Sender Freies Berlin in West Berlin instead where he was in charge of the sports department.Schmidt died in 2002.", "Q62929": "Thomas \"Tom\" Helmut Beck (born February 26, 1978 in Nuremberg, Germany) is a German actor, singer, and entrepreneur.\n\n", "Q449779": "Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Pitt\u00ed is a contemporary writer, videoartist and documentary photographer .", "Q438180": "Anna Sophia Berglund (born April 5, 1986) is an American actress, model, Playmate, and reality show personality. She was Playmate of the Month for Playboy in January 2011. She was discovered originally by GXS Motorsports, where she spent two years as a promotional model. She went by the name Sophi Berglund until working for Playboy and resuming her original name.\n\n", "Q64380": "Gersau is a municipality and district in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland, sitting on the shores of Lake Lucerne. Gersau was for many centuries an independent micro-state in permanent alliance with the Swiss Confederation.", "Q130059": "Sir Matthew Hale (1 November 1609 \u2013 25 December 1676) was an influential English barrister, judge and jurist most noted for his treatise Historia Placitorum Coron\u00e6, or The History of the Pleas of the Crown. Born to a barrister and his wife, who had both died by the time he was 5, Hale was raised by his father's relative, a strict Puritan, and inherited his faith. In 1626 he matriculated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford (now Hertford College), intending to become a priest, but after a series of distractions was persuaded to become a barrister like his father thanks to an encounter with a Serjeant-at-Law in a dispute over his estate. On 8 November 1628 he joined Lincoln's Inn, where he was called to the Bar on 17 May 1636. As a barrister, Hale represented a variety of Royalist figures during the prelude and duration of the English Civil War, including Thomas Wentworth and William Laud; it has been hypothesised that Hale was to represent Charles I at his state trial, and conceived the defence Charles used. Despite the Royalist loss, Hale's reputation for integrity and his political neutrality saved him from any repercussions, and under the Commonwealth of England he was made Chairman of the Hale Commission, which investigated law reform. Following the Commission's dissolution, Oliver Cromwell made him a Justice of the Common Pleas.\nAs a judge, Hale was noted for his resistance to bribery and his willingness to make politically unpopular decisions which upheld the law. He sat in Parliament, either in the Commons or the Upper House, in every Parliament from the First Protectorate Parliament to the Convention Parliament, and following the Declaration of Breda was the Member of Parliament who moved to consider Charles II's reinstatement as monarch, sparking the English Restoration. Under Charles, Hale was made first Chief Baron of the Exchequer and then Chief Justice of the King's Bench. In both positions, he was again noted for his integrity, although not as a particularly innovative judge. Following a bout of illness he retired on 20 February 1676, dying ten months later on 25 December 1676.\nHale is almost universally appreciated as an excellent judge and jurist, with his central legacy coming through his written work, published after his death. His Historia Placitorum Coron\u00e6, dealing with capital offences against the Crown, is considered \"of the highest authority\", while his Analysis of the Common Law is noted as the first published history of English law and a strong influence on William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England. Hale's jurisprudence struck a middle-ground between Edward Coke's \"appeal to reason\" and John Selden's \"appeal to contract\", while refuting elements of Thomas Hobbes's theory of natural law. His thoughts on marital rape, expressed in the Historia, continued in English law until 1991, and he was cited in court as recently as 2009.", "Q640097": "Electric blues refers to any type of blues music distinguished by the use of electric amplification for musical instruments. The guitar was the first instrument to be popularly amplified and used by early pioneers T-Bone Walker in the late 1930s and John Lee Hooker and Muddy Waters in the 1940s. Their styles developed into West Coast blues, Detroit blues, and post-World War II Chicago blues, which differed from earlier, predominantly acoustic-style blues. By the early 1950s, Little Walter was a featured soloist on blues harmonica or blues harp using a small hand-held microphone fed into a guitar amplifier. Although it took a little longer, the electric bass guitar gradually replaced the stand-up bass by the early 1960s. Electric organs and especially keyboards later became widely used in electric blues.", "Q7728": "Grazia Maria Cosima Damiana Deledda (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261rattsja de\u02c8l\u025bdda], Sardinian: [de\u02c8l\u025b\u0256\u0256a]; 27 September 1871 \u2013 15 August 1936) was an Italian writer who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1926 \"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island [i.e. Sardinia] and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general\". She was the first Italian woman to receive the prize.\n\n", "Q1662741": "Nobuyoshi Ino (born March 26, 1950, Gunma) is a Japanese jazz double-bassist.\nIno began playing professionally in the early 1970s, and worked in that decade with Motohiko Hino, Terumasa Hino, Kosuke Mine, Akira Miyazawa, Masahiko Sato, Isao Suzuki, Hidefumi Toki, and Kazumi Watanabe. Early in the 1980s he played with Masayuki Takayanagi and Aki Takase, then formed a duo with Lester Bowie, performing from 1984 to 1988 (including on the 1985 album Duet). He also worked with Alex Schlippenbach and Sunny Murray in a trio setting and toured with Elvin Jones. He founded an ensemble called Four Sounds in 1989 which featured Kosuke Mine, Fumio Itabashi, and Hiroshi Murakami as sidemen. Later in his career he worked with Masahiko Togashi as well as with Aki Takase once more.", "Q290531": "In\u00e9s Sastre Morat\u00f3n (born 21 November 1973) is a Spanish model and actress.", "Q96116": "Axel Scheffler (born (1957-12-12)12 December 1957) is a German illustrator and animator based in London. He is best known for his cartoon-like pictures for children's books, in particular The Gruffalo and The Gruffalo's Child, written by Julia Donaldson. He has also authored/illustrated the Pip and Posy series of books for children.", "Q178021": "Dublin Airport (Irish: Aerfort Bhaile \u00c1tha Cliath) (IATA: DUB, ICAO: EIDW) is an international airport serving Dublin, the capital city of Ireland. It is operated by DAA (formerly Dublin Airport Authority). The airport is located 7 km (4.3 mi) north of Dublin, in Collinstown, near Swords, Dublin.\nIn 2019, 32.9 million passengers passed through the airport, making it the airport's busiest year on record. It is the 12th busiest airport in Europe, and is by far the busiest of Ireland's airports by total passenger traffic; it also has the greatest traffic levels on the island of Ireland, followed by Belfast International Airport.\nThe airport has an extensive short and medium haul network, served by an array of carriers, as well as a significant long-haul network focused on North America, the Middle East and East Asia. It serves as the headquarters of Ireland's flag carrier \u2013 Aer Lingus, regional airline Stobart Air, Europe's largest low-cost carrier \u2013 Ryanair, and ASL Airlines Ireland, together with another two airlines, CityJet and Norwegian Air International.United States border preclearance services are available at the airport for U.S.-bound passengers. Shannon Airport is the only other airport in Europe to offer this facility.", "Q89036": "Friedrich Gustav Graf von Waldersee (born 21 July 1795 in Dessau, died 15 January 1864 in Potsdam) was a Prussian Lieutenant General and military author.\nFriedrich Graf von Waldersee was a son of Franz Graf Waldersee, son of Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau. His brother was Franz Heinrich Graf von Waldersee, his nephew Alfred von Waldersee. On 2 July 1823 he married Ottilie von Wedel (1803-1882) in Silligsdorf. The marriage produced the following children:\n\nGustav Ludwig Otto Eduard von Waldersee (1826\u20131861)\nRudolf Karl von Waldersee (1827\u20131870)\nHelene von Waldersee (1830\u20131869)\nBertha von Waldersee (1833\u20131884)Von Waldersee was a Prussian officer and professional soldier, and later commander of the \"Gardekorps Kaiser Alexander Garde-Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 1\" in Berlin. He was Prussian Minister of War from 1854 to 1858. As commander of the Prussian troops in Dresden he succeeded in suppressing the 1849 May Uprising in Dresden.\nHis written works dealt with infantry training and some of them have over a hundred editions printed.", "Q91679": "Erich Wiesner (17 April 1897 \u2013 16 October 1968) was a German communist politician and last German Mayor of Stettin (today Szczecin).", "Q242477": "Ellen Miriam Hopkins (October 18, 1902 \u2013 October 9, 1972) was an American actress known for her versatility. She first signed with Paramount Pictures in 1930, working with Ernst Lubitsch and Joel McCrea, among many others. \nHer long-running feud with actress Bette Davis was publicized for effect. Hopkins later became a pioneer of TV drama. She was considered a distinguished hostess in Hollywood, and moved in intellectual and creative circles.", "Q1344565": "Stephen Morgan Fisher (born 1 January 1950 in Mayfair, London) is an English keyboard player and composer, and is most known as a member of Mott the Hoople in the early 1970s. However, his career has covered a wide range of musical activities, and he is still active in the music industry. In recent years he has expanded into photography.", "Q256402": "Jodhi Tania May (n\u00e9e Hakim-Edwards; 8 May 1975) is an English stage, film, and television actress. She remains the youngest recipient of the Best Actress award at the Cannes Film Festival, for A World Apart (1988). Her other film appearances include The Last of the Mohicans (1992), Sister My Sister (1994), and A Quiet Passion (2016).", "Q3116390": "Gregory Reid Wiseman (born November 11, 1975) is an American astronaut, engineer, and naval aviator. Wiseman was selected in June 2009 as a member of the NASA Astronaut Group 20 and qualified as an astronaut in 2011. Wiseman took part in his first spaceflight as part of the crew of Expedition 40/41, which launched to the International Space Station on May 28, 2014, and returned on November 10, 2014. Before joining NASA, Wiseman was a Naval Aviator and test pilot. Wiseman has been the Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office since June, 2017, working under Chief Astronaut Patrick Forrester.\n\n", "Q488125": "Salinas () is a city in Monterey County, California, United States. With a population of 156,259 (as of 2018), Salinas is the most populous city in Monterey County, as well as its county seat. Salinas is an urban area located just outside the southern portion of the Greater Bay Area and 10 miles (16 km) southeast of the mouth of the Salinas River. The city is located at the mouth of the Salinas Valley, roughly eight miles from the Pacific Ocean, and it has a climate more influenced by the ocean than the interior.\nSalinas serves as the main business, governmental and industrial center of the region. The marine climate is ideal for the floral industry, grape vineyards, and vegetable growers. Salinas is known as the \"Salad Bowl of the World\" for its large, vibrant agriculture industry.\nIt was the hometown of writer and Nobel laureate John Steinbeck (1902\u201368), who set many of his stories in the Salinas Valley and Monterey.", "Q92370": "Karl Rudolf Friedenthal (September 15, 1827 \u2013 March 7, 1890) was a Prussian statesman.\nFriedenthal was born in Breslau (Wroc\u0142aw), Prussian Silesia, as a nephew of Markus B\u00e4r Friedenthal, the author, and later became a convert to Christianity (1832). He attended the gymnasium at Neisse (1839\u201344), studied law at Breslau, Heidelberg, and Berlin, and became (1854) Kammergerichtsassessor. He also made himself practically acquainted with agriculture in the management of his property.\nIn 1856 Friedenthal was elected district deputy from Neisse (Nysa), and in 1857 deputy to the Prussian Landtag. In 1860 he published the pamphlet \"Salus Publica Suprema Lex,\" urging the reorganization of the army. Elected to the Reichstag of the North German Confederation in 1867, he joined the \"Altliberalen,\" but after the following election he became a Free Conservative. Successively member of the Zollparlament and of the imperial Reichstag, Friedenthal was prominent in the proposal and passage of many bills.\nDuring the Franco-Prussian War he took part, on Otto von Bismarck's invitation, with Moritz Karl Henning von Blanckenburg and Rudolf von Bennigsen in the deliberations at Versailles on the constitution of the German Empire. He was elected to the Prussian Chamber of Deputies in 1870, and became in 1873\u201374 its second vice-president. In 1874 he was appointed minister of agriculture; and in 1879 the Department of Domains and Forests, till then under the minister of finance, was put in his charge. From October 1877 to March 1878, during the absence of Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg, he was head of the Ministry of the Interior. In 1879, being unable to accept Bismarck's new economical policy, he resigned, declining a patent of nobility. In the same year he was elected member of the Upper House, but in 1881 resigned, and retired to the management of his estate, Giesmannsdorf, near Neisse. Besides his doctor dissertation, \"De Rerum Litigiosarum Alienatione ex Jure Romano\" (1845), Friedenthal published \"Reichstag und Zollparlament\"", "Q221852": "Eleven or 11 may refer to:\n\n11 (number), the natural number following 10 and preceding 12\none of the years 11 BC, AD 11, 1911, 2011", "Q334293": "Anthony John Colman (born 23 July 1943) is a British politician and businessman who served as the Labour Member of Parliament for Putney from 1997 to 2005.\n\n", "Q324080": "William \"Billy Boy\" Arnold (born September 16, 1935, Chicago, Illinois) is an American blues harmonica player, singer and songwriter.", "Q891": "Nizhny Novgorod ( NIZH-nee NOV-g\u0259-rod; Russian: \u041d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434, IPA: [\u02c8n\u02b2i\u0290n\u02b2\u026aj \u02c8nov\u0261\u0259r\u0259t]), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, is a city in Russia and the administrative center (capital) of Volga Federal District and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky (\u0413\u043e\u0440\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [\u02c8\u0261or\u02b2k\u02b2\u026aj]), after the writer Maxim Gorky, who was born there.\nThe city is an important economic, transportation, scientific, educational and cultural center in Russia and the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and is the main center of river tourism in Russia. In the historic part of the city there are many universities, theaters, museums and churches. Nizhny Novgorod is located about 400 km (250 mi) east of Moscow, where the Oka River empties into the Volga. Population: 1,250,619\u2009(2010 Census); 1,311,252\u2009(2002 Census); 1,438,133\u2009(1989 Census).The city was founded in 4 February 1221 by Prince Yuri II of Vladimir. In 1612 Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky organized an army for the liberation of Moscow from the Poles. In 1817 Nizhny Novgorod became a great trade center of the Russian Empire. In 1896 at a fair, an All-Russia Exhibition was organized. During the Soviet period, the city turned into an important industrial center. In particular, the Gorky Automobile Plant was constructed in this period. Then the city was given the nickname \"Russian Detroit\". During World War II, Gorky became the biggest provider of military equipment to the Eastern Front. Due to this, the Luftwaffe constantly bombed the city from the air. The majority of the German bombs fell in the area of the Gorky Automobile Plant. Although almost all the production sites of the plant were completely destroyed, the citizens of Gorky reconstructed the factory after 100 days.\nAfter the war, Gorky became a \"closed city\" and remained one until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1990. At that time, the city was renamed Nizhny Novgorod once again. In 1985, the Nizhny Novgorod Metro was opened. In 2016, Vladimir Putin opened the new 70th Anniversary of Victory Plant which is part of the Almaz-Antey Air and Space Defence Corporation.\nThe Kremlin \u2013 the main center of the city \u2013 contains the main government agencies of the city and the Volga Federal District. The demonym for a Nizhny Novgorod resident is \"\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0446\" (nizhegorodets) for male or \"\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\" (nizhegorodka) for female, rendered in English as Nizhegorodian. Novgorodian is inappropriate; it refers to a resident of Veliky Novgorod, in northwestern Russia.", "Q219315": "The Hangover is a 2009 American comedy film directed by Todd Phillips, co-produced with Daniel Goldberg, and written by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore. It is the first installment in The Hangover trilogy. The film stars Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Zach Galifianakis, Heather Graham, Justin Bartha, Ken Jeong, and Jeffrey Tambor. It tells the story of Phil Wenneck, Stu Price, Alan Garner, and Doug Billings, who travel to Las Vegas for a bachelor party to celebrate Doug's impending marriage. However, Phil, Stu, and Alan wake up with Doug missing and no memory of the previous night's events, and must find the groom before the wedding can take place.\nLucas and Moore wrote the script after executive producer Chris Bender's friend disappeared and had a large bill after being sent to a strip club. After Lucas and Moore sold it to the studio for $2 million, Phillips and Jeremy Garelick rewrote the script to include a tiger as well as a subplot involving a baby and a police cruiser, and also including boxer Mike Tyson. Filming took place in Nevada for 15 days, and during filming, the three main actors (Cooper, Helms, and Galifianakis) formed a real friendship.\nThe Hangover was released on June 5, 2009, and was a critical and commercial success. The film became the tenth-highest-grossing film of 2009, with a worldwide gross of over $467 million. The film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy, and received multiple other accolades. It is the tenth-highest-grossing worldwide film of 2009, as well as the second-highest-grossing R-rated comedy ever in the United States, surpassing a record previously held by Beverly Hills Cop for almost 25 years.A sequel, The Hangover Part II, was released on May 26, 2011, and a third and final installment, The Hangover Part III, was released on May 23, 2013. While both were also box-office hits, neither were well received.", "Q94701": "Heinrich Brunner (English: Henry Brunner; 21 June 1840 \u2013 11 August 1915) was a German historian born at Wels in Upper Austria. After studying at the universities of Vienna, G\u00f6ttingen and Berlin, he became professor at the University of Lemberg in 1866, and in quick succession held similar positions at Prague, Strasbourg and Berlin. \nFrom 1872 Brunner devoted himself especially to studying the early laws and institutions of the Franks and kindred peoples of Western Europe, and on these subjects his researches have been of supreme value. He also became a leading authority on modern German law. He became a member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences in 1884, and in 1887, after the death of Georg Waitz, undertook the supervision of the Leges section of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica, which he led until his death in 1915. This was the first time that a legal scholar led a section of the MGH; Brunner oversaw an extensive overhaul of the section's program (the re-editing of the Capitularia and the Lex Alamannorum, then the Lex Burgundionum, and finally the Lex Baiuvariorum).", "Q323937": "Vitaly Iosifovich Margulis (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0441; April 16, 1928 \u2013 May 29, 2011) was a Russian classical pianist.", "Q736673": "Maroon 5 is an American pop rock band from Los Angeles, California. It currently consists of lead vocalist Adam Levine, keyboardist and rhythm guitarist Jesse Carmichael, bassist Mickey Madden, lead guitarist James Valentine, drummer Matt Flynn, keyboardist PJ Morton, and multi-instrumentalist Sam Farrar. Original members Levine, Carmichael, Madden, and drummer Ryan Dusick first came together as Kara's Flowers in 1994, while they were still in high school. After self-releasing their independent album We Like Digging?, the band signed to Reprise Records and released the album The Fourth World in 1997. The album garnered a tepid response, after which the record label dropped the band and the members focused on college. In 2001, the band re-emerged as Maroon 5, pursuing a different direction and adding guitarist Valentine. The band signed with Octone Records, an independent record label with a separate joint venture relationship with J Records and released their debut album Songs About Jane in June 2002. Aided by its lead single, \"Harder to Breathe\", which received heavy airplay, the album peaked at number six on the Billboard 200 chart, and went platinum in 2004. The band won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 2005. In 2006, Dusick left the band after suffering from serious wrist and shoulder injuries and was replaced by Matt Flynn.\nThe band's second album It Won't Be Soon Before Long, was released in May 2007. It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart and the lead single \"Makes Me Wonder\", became the band's first number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2010, the band released the third album Hands All Over, to mixed reviews, re-releasing a year later to include the single \"Moves like Jagger\", which topped the Billboard Hot 100. In 2012, Carmichael left the group and was replaced by musician PJ Morton, as the band released the fourth album Overexposed, with the song \"One More Night\", topping the Billboard Hot 100 chart for nine consecutive weeks.\nIn 2014, Carmichael rejoined the band alongside Morton to record the fifth album V (pronounced: \"five\"), with the band signed a new label, Interscope Records and Levine's own label 222 Records. Following the release of V, it reached number one on the Billboard 200 chart. In 2016, Maroon 5 recruited their long-time collaborator Sam Farrar, as the band continued for the sixth studio album Red Pill Blues, which was released in November 2017. For the addition of Morton and Farrar, which leading the band's lineup to seven official members. With the successful singles of both albums \"Sugar\" and \"Girls Like You\", are peaked at numbers two and one on the Hot 100 chart respectively. Maroon 5 has sold more than 120 million records, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists.", "Q499028": "Don Edward Fagenson (born September 13, 1952), known as Don Was, is an American musician, record producer and record executive. Primarily a bass player, Was co-founded the funk-rock band Was (Not Was). In later years he produced songs and albums for many popular recording artists. In 2012, he became president of jazz music label Blue Note Records.", "Q2451677": "Andrew Christopher Gower (born c. 1978) is a British computer programmer and businessman. He is the co-founder of Cambridge-based Jagex, the company he founded with his brothers Paul and Ian Gower and with Constant Tedder. He created the MMORPG RuneScape with the assistance of his two brothers, Ian and Paul Gower. In December 2010 he left the Jagex board of directors. He no longer has holdings in the company. As of November 2011, he is not listed under the credits for RuneScape. Since leaving Jagex, Gower has founded a new gaming development and consulting company, Fen Research, of which he holds 90% of the shares. Currently, he is developing a futuristic sci-fi strategy game named Solstrike. Gower has designed a statically-typed programming language to aid in the project's development.", "Q84512": "Christian Wilhelm von Sch\u00fctz (Berlin, 13 April 1776 \u2013 Leipzig, 9 August 1847) was a German author.", "Q50025": "Haruka Tomatsu (\u6238\u677e \u9065, Tomatsu Haruka, born February 4, 1990) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer, employed by Music Ray'n. She plays Asuna in Sword Art Online, Mileina Vashti in Mobile Suit Gundam 00 Second Season, Aoba Tsukishima in Cross Game, Saki Rukino in Valvrave the Liberator, Lala Satalin Deviluke in To Love Ru, Iona Hikawa/Cure Fortune in HappinessCharge PreCure!, Zero Two in Darling in the Franxx and Haru Okumura in Persona 5. She received the Rookie of the Year award at the 3rd Seiyu Awards and the Synergy Award at the 9th Seiyu Awards.\nTomatsu began a singing career in 2008, performing the song \"Naissance\" which was used as the ending theme to the television drama series Here Is Greenwood. Her second single \"Motto Hade ni Ne\" was used as the opening theme to Kannagi: Crazy Shrine Maidens. In 2009, she became part of the music unit Sphere, alongside Aki Toyosaki, Minako Kotobuki and Ayahi Takagaki. She released her first album Rainbow Road in 2010, and two compilation albums in 2016. She announced her marriage on her blog on January 11, 2019, although details of her spouse were not revealed.", "Q206235": "Alexander David Linz (born January 3, 1989) is an American former child actor who starred in several late 1990s and early 2000s films and television programs. His film roles include Home Alone 3 (1997) and Max Keeble's Big Move (2001).", "Q541457": "Ona Narbutien\u0117 (October 26, 1930 in Kaunas - July 10, 2007, in Vilnius) was a Lithuanian musicologist and educator. She received the Lithuanian National Prize for arts and culture in 1999, and was the author of a number of articles on Lithuanian music history and several books on Lithuanian composers and musical personalities.\nNarbutien\u0117 was born into the family of Lithuanian officer and spent her childhood in Klaip\u0117da. In 1949, she was arrested in Vilnius and deported to Siberia, Irkutsk Oblast, where she was forced to work in brick factory. After some time she could finish her education and started working as a musical teacher in Irkutsk school. After Joseph Stalin's death she was allowed to return to Lithuania. 1955-1960 she studied at Vilnius Conservatory and started researching music history.\nNarbutien\u0117 organized the musical program of the Thomas Mann Festival in Nida from its inception in 1995 until 2007. The summer festival, under her sponsorship, was dedicated to topics such as Thomas Mann and Richard Wagner (1998), Thomas Mann and the myth (2000), and Thomas Mann and the North (2001). The programs combined concerts, readings, exhibitions, theatre performances, and film screenings. She described the festival's concept as revolving around the connections of Thomas Mann to music. She also contributed to the inclusion of song and dance celebrations in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in UNESCO's Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.", "Q649": "Moscow (, in US mainly: ; Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, tr. Moskva, IPA: [m\u0250\u02c8skva] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of Russia. With over 12.5 million residents living within the city limits of 2,511 square kilometres (970 sq mi) as of 2018, Moscow is among the world's largest cities, being the second-most populous city in Europe, the most populous city entirely within Europe, and also the largest city (by area) on the European continent.Moscow has one of the world's largest urban economies, being ranked as an alpha global city, and is also one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in the world. Moscow is home to the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, and has the highest number of billionaires of any city in Europe. Situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of Western Russia, the city is the northernmost and coldest megacity on Earth. With a history that dates over eight centuries, Moscow is governed as a federal city that serves as the political, economic, cultural, and scientific centre of Russia and Eastern Europe.\nOriginally established in 1147 as a minor town, Moscow grew to become a prosperous and powerful city that served as the capital of the Grand Duchy that bears its namesake. When the Grand Duchy of Moscow evolved into the Tsardom of Russia, Moscow still remained as the political and economic center for most of the Tsardom's history. When the Tsardom was reformed into the Russian Empire, the capital was moved from Moscow to Saint Petersburg, diminishing the influence of the city. The capital was then moved back to Moscow following the Russian Revolution and the city was brought back as the political centre of the Soviet Russia and the USSR. When the USSR dissolved, Moscow remained as the capital city of the contemporary and newly-established Russian Federation.\nAs the cultural centre of Russia, Moscow served as the home of Russian artists, scientists, and sports figures due to the presence of its numerous museums, academic and political institutions and theatres. The city is home to several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and is well known for its display of Russian architecture such as the Saint Basil's Cathedral, the Red Square, and the Moscow Kremlin, of which the latter serves as the seat of power of the Government of Russia. Moscow is home to many Russian companies in numerous industries, such as finance and technology. Moscow is served by a comprehensive transit network, which includes four international airports, nine railway terminals, a tram system, a monorail system, and most notably the Moscow Metro \u2013 the busiest metro system in Europe, and one of the largest rapid transit systems in the world.", "Q271903": "Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt (17 February 1877 \u2013 21 October 1904) was a Swiss explorer and author. As a teenager, Eberhardt, educated in Switzerland by her father, published short stories under a male pseudonym. She became interested in North Africa, and was considered a proficient writer on the subject despite learning about the region only through correspondence. After an invitation from photographer Louis David, Eberhardt moved to Algeria in May 1897. She dressed as a man and converted to Islam, eventually adopting the name Si Mahmoud Saadi. Eberhardt's unorthodox behaviour made her an outcast among European settlers in Algeria and the French administration.\nEberhardt's acceptance by the Qadiriyya, an Islamic order, convinced the French administration that she was a spy or an agitator. She survived an assassination attempt shortly thereafter. In 1901, the French administration ordered her to leave Algeria, but she was allowed to return the following year after marrying her partner, the Algerian soldier Slimane Ehnni. Following her return, Eberhardt wrote for a newspaper published by Victor Barrucand and worked for General Hubert Lyautey. In 1904, at the age of 27, she was killed by a flash flood in A\u00efn S\u00e9fra.\nIn 1906, Barrucand began publishing her remaining manuscripts, which received critical acclaim. She was seen posthumously as an advocate of decolonisation, and streets were named after her in B\u00e9char and Algiers. Eberhardt's life has been the subject of several works, including the 1991 film Isabelle Eberhardt and the 2012 opera Song from the Uproar: The Lives and Deaths of Isabelle Eberhardt.", "Q180942": "Shia Saide LaBeouf ( (listen); born June 11, 1986) is an American actor, performance artist, and filmmaker. He became known among younger audiences as Louis Stevens in the Disney Channel series Even Stevens, a role for which LaBeouf received a Young Artist Award nomination in 2001 and won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2003. He made his film debut in The Christmas Path (1998). In 2004, he made his directorial debut with the short film Let's Love Hate and later directed a short film titled Maniac (2011), starring American rappers Cage and Kid Cudi.\nIn 2007, LaBeouf starred in the commercially successful films Disturbia and Surf's Up. The same year he was cast in Michael Bay's science fiction film Transformers as Sam Witwicky, the main protagonist of the series. Transformers was a box office success and one of the highest-grossing films of 2007. LaBeouf later appeared in its sequels Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009) and Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011), both also box office successes. In 2008, he played Henry \"Mutt Williams\" Jones III in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.\nHis other credits include the films Holes (2003), Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps (2010), Lawless (2012), The Company You Keep (2012), Nymphomaniac (2013), Fury (2014), American Honey (2016), Borg vs McEnroe (2017), and The Peanut Butter Falcon (2019).\nSince 2014, LaBeouf has pursued a variety of public performance art projects with LaBeouf, R\u00f6nkk\u00f6 & Turner.", "Q800082": "Leontxo Garc\u00eda Olasagasti (born February 12, 1956 in Ir\u00fan, Guip\u00fazcoa) is a Spanish lecturer, presenter, commentator and journalist specialized in chess. He is also featured in a popular internet meme, depicting a still of him in a video showing a winning chess move, usually with the text \u201cOutstanding move\u201d shown in front of the image.", "Q123025": "Level 42 are an English jazz-funk band formed on the Isle of Wight in 1979. They had a number of UK and worldwide hits during the 1980s and 1990s.\nTheir highest-charting single in the UK was \"Lessons in Love\", which reached number three on the UK Singles Chart, and number 12 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, upon its release in 1986. An earlier single, \"Something About You\", was their most successful chart-wise in the United States, reaching number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.\nAfter much success as a live and studio band in the 1980s, Level 42's commercial profile diminished during the early 1990s following a series of personnel changes and musical shifts. Disbanding in 1994, the band reformed in 2001.", "Q19425": "Prince Pyotr Andreyevich Vyazemsky (Russian: \u041f\u00eb\u0442\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u044f\u0301\u0437\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [\u02c8p\u02b2\u0275tr \u0250n\u02c8dr\u02b2ej\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0361\u0255 \u02c8v\u02b2\u00e6z\u02b2\u026amsk\u02b2\u026aj]; 23 July 1792 \u2013 22 November 1878) was a leading personality of the Golden Age of Russian poetry.", "Q464833": "Ian McDonald (born 25 June 1946 from Osterley, Middlesex) is an English multi-instrumental musician, best known as a founding member of progressive rock band King Crimson, formed in 1969, and of the hard rock band Foreigner in 1976. He is well known as a rock session musician, predominantly as a saxophonist. He also plays keyboards, flute, vibraphone and guitar.", "Q4547": "Daniel Wroughton Craig (born 2 March 1968) is an English actor. After training at the National Youth Theatre and graduating from the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in 1991, Craig began his career on stage. He made his film debut in the drama The Power of One (1992) and attracted attention with appearances in the historical television war drama Sharpe's Eagle (1993), the family film A Kid in King Arthur's Court (1995), the television serial drama Our Friends in the North (1996), the biographical film Elizabeth (1998), the television film Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon (1998), the indie war film The Trench (1999), the drama film Some Voices (2000), the action film Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001), the crime thriller film Road to Perdition (2002), the crime thriller film Layer Cake (2004), and the historical drama film Munich (2005).\nCraig achieved international fame when he began starring as James Bond in the eponymous film series, taking over from Pierce Brosnan, beginning with Casino Royale (2006). It earned him a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role. He followed this with the sequels Quantum of Solace (2008), Skyfall (2012), which ranks as the series' highest-grossing film, Spectre (2015), and No Time to Die (2020).Craig has continued to star in other films, such as the fantasy film The Golden Compass (2007), the historical film Defiance (2008), the science fiction western Cowboys & Aliens (2011), the mystery thriller The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011), the heist film Logan Lucky (2017), and the mystery film Knives Out (2019). The lattermost earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.", "Q585415": "Screamers is a 2006 documentary film directed by Carla Garapedian, conceived by Peter McAlevey and Garapedian and produced by McAlevey. The film explores why genocides have occurred in modern day history and features talks from Serj Tankian, lead vocalist of the American alternative metal band System of a Down, whose grandfather is an Armenian Genocide survivor, as well as from human-rights activist, journalist, and professor, Samantha Power, as well as various other people involved with genocides in Rwanda and Darfur. Screamers also examines genocide denial in current-day Turkey, and the neutral trend that the United States generally holds towards genocide.In January 2007, Journalist Hrant Dink was assassinated by a 17-year-old Turkish nationalist in Istanbul shortly after the premiere of Screamers, in which he was interviewed about Turkish denial of the Armenian Genocide of 1915 and the case against him under article 301.\nScreamers is now shown in Armenian Youth organizations to explain and clarify the Armenian Genocide, and raise awareness. Also, it is used to educate Armenians and others about the genocide.", "Q60680": "Alfred Ludwig Heinrich Karl Graf von Waldersee (8 April 1832 in Potsdam \u2013 5 March 1904 in Hanover) was a German field marshal (Generalfeldmarschall) who became Chief of the Imperial German General Staff.\nBorn into a prominent military family, von Waldersee saw distinguished service as an artillery officer, and became Prussian military attach\u00e9 at the Paris embassy in 1870. This gave him insight into the French defences that would prove crucial in the upcoming Franco-Prussian War, in which he played a significant role. Later, as principal assistant to Field-Marshal Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, von Waldersee gained influence with the future Kaiser Wilhelm II, who promoted him Chief of Staff on his accession.\nWhen the Peking legation compound was besieged by the Boxer insurgents in 1900, von Waldersee was appointed as head of an 8-nation relief force. Although he arrived too late to take part in the fighting, he conducted punitive expeditions which succeeded in pacifying the Boxers.", "Q5659": "Conon de B\u00e9thune (before 1160[1] in the former region of Artois, today Pas-de-Calais - 17 December 1219, possibly at Adrianople) was a French crusader and \"trouv\u00e8re\" poet who became a senior official and finally regent of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. Alternative spellings of his name include Cono, Coesnes, Quenes, Conain, and Quenon.", "Q304436": "David Frizzell (born September 26, 1941) is an American country music singer. He is the younger brother of country music legend Lefty Frizzell. His career first started in the late 1950s, but his biggest success came in the 1980s, 30 years into his career.", "Q922237": "Vincenzo Cardarelli, pseudonym of Nazareno Caldarelli (1 May 1887 \u2013 18 June 1959) was an Italian poet and journalist.\nCardarelli was born in Corneto, Lazio, in a family of Marche origin. His father was Antonio Romagnoli. His studies were irregular and he applied to different jobs. In 1906, when he had moved to Rome, he began his career as a journalist.\nHe created, in 1919 with Riccardo Bacchelli and Emilio Cecchi, the prestigious review La Ronda (1919-1922).\nHe won two literary awards, including the 1929 Premio Bagutta for Il Sole a picco and the 1948 Premio Strega for Villa Tarantola.", "Q463184": "Delores LaVern Baker (November 11, 1929 \u2013 March 10, 1997) was an American rhythm-and-blues singer who had several hit records on the pop chart in the 1950s and early 1960s. Her most successful records were \"Tweedle Dee\" (1955), \"Jim Dandy\" (1956), and \"I Cried a Tear\" (1958).", "Q4795265": "Arnold Stephenson Rowntree (28 November 1872 \u2013 21 May 1951) was a Quaker and Liberal MP for York, England.\n\n", "Q124992": "Anne-Marie Mi\u00e9ville (born 11 November 1945) is a Swiss filmmaker.\n\n", "Q49212": "Texas A&M University (Texas A&M or A&M) is a public research university in College Station, Texas. It was founded in 1876 and became the flagship institution of the Texas A&M University System in 1948. As of 2020, Texas A&M's student body is the largest in the United States. Texas A&M's designation as a land, sea, and space grant institution\u2014the only university in Texas to hold all three designations\u2014reflects a range of research with ongoing projects funded by organizations such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research. In 2001, Texas A&M was inducted as a member of the Association of American Universities. The school's students, alumni\u2014over 500,000 strong\u2014and sports teams are known as Aggies. The Texas A&M Aggies athletes compete in 18 varsity sports as a member of the Southeastern Conference.\nThe first public institution of higher education in Texas, the school opened on October 4, 1876, as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas under the provisions of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts. Originally, the college taught no classes in agriculture, instead concentrating on classical studies, languages, literature, and applied mathematics. After four years, students could attain degrees in scientific agriculture, civil and mechanical engineering, and language and literature. Under the leadership of President James Earl Rudder in the 1960s, A.M.C. desegregated, became coeducational, and dropped the requirement for participation in the Corps of Cadets. To reflect the institution's expanded roles and academic offerings, the Texas Legislature renamed the school to Texas A&M University in 1963. The letters \"A&M,\" originally A.M.C. short for \"Agricultural and Mechanical College,\" are retained as a link to the university's tradition.\nThe main campus is one of the largest in the United States, spanning 5,200 acres (21 km2), and is home to the George Bush Presidential Library. About one-fifth of the student body lives on campus. Texas A&M has more than 1,000 officially recognized student organizations. Many students also observe the traditions, which govern daily life, as well as special occasions, including sports events. Working with various A&M-related agencies, the school has a direct presence in each of the 254 counties in Texas. The university offers degrees in more than 150 courses of study through ten colleges and houses 18 research institutes.\nAs a Senior Military College, Texas A&M is one of six American public universities with a full-time, volunteer Corps of Cadets who study alongside civilian undergraduate students.", "Q115597": "World's Greatest Dad is a 2009 American satirical black comedy-drama film written and directed by Bobcat Goldthwait and starring Robin Williams, Daryl Sabara, and Alexie Gilmore. The film was released on July 24, 2009 on video on demand providers before its limited theatrical release on August 21, 2009.\n\n", "Q1607873": "Herbert Joseph Pedersen (born April 27, 1944 in Berkeley, California) is an American musician, guitarist, banjo player, and singer-songwriter who has played a variety of musical styles over the past forty years including country, bluegrass, progressive bluegrass, folk, folk rock, country rock, and has worked with numerous musicians in many different bands.", "Q98885": "Maike Kohl-Richter (born April 1964 in Siegen, n\u00e9e Richter) was the second wife of former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl from 2008 to 2017. She is controversial in Germany for her right-wing anti-immigrant views and support for Viktor Orb\u00e1n, and for her public feud with Kohl's children and grandchildren. She has been accused of hijacking Kohl's legacy and \"has been criticised by Mr Kohl\u2019s own children for allegedly hero-worshipping the former chancellor and being obsessed\" with him. She was criticized by German media, public figures and the Kohl family after Kohl's death.", "Q86463": "Franz Ludwig von Cancrin (February 21, 1738 \u2013 1812) was a German mineralogist, metallurgist, architect and writer.\n\nHe was born into a German mining family where he was trained by his father in the science of mining. In 1764, he entered the service of the landgrave of Hesse-Kassel at Hanau, becoming professor of mathematics at the military academy, head of the civil engineering department of the state, director of the theatre and (1774) of the mint. A work on the copper mines of Elesse (1767) earned him a European reputation, and in 1783 he accepted from Catherine II of Russia the directorship of the famous Staraya salt-works, living thenceforth in Russia.\nIn 1798 he became a councillor of state at St. Petersburg. He published many works on mineralogy and metallurgy, of which the most important, the Grundz\u00fcge der Berg- und Salzwerkskunde (12 vols, 1773\u20131791), has been translated into several languages.\nHis son, Count Georg von Cancrin, or Kankrin (1774\u20131845), was an eminent Russian minister of finance and the liaison with Alexander von Humboldt during his 1829 scientific expedition to Russia. The mineral of cancrinite is named after him.", "Q9063": "Slovene ( (listen) or ), or alternatively Slovenian ( (listen); slovenski jezik or sloven\u0161\u010dina), is a South Slavic language spoken by the Slovenes. It is spoken by about 2.5 million speakers worldwide, the majority of whom live in Slovenia, where it is the only official language. As Slovenia is part of the European Union, Slovene is also one of its 24 official and working languages.", "Q553735": "Vladimir Ilyich Linderman (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u041b\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d, Latvian: Vladimirs Lindermans, pseudonym Abel (\u0410\u0301\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c); born November 3, 1958) is a Latvian and Russian publicist, political dissident of Jewish origin, and a member of Russia's unregistered National Bolshevik Party since 1997. Linderman is a non-citizen of Latvia.\n\n", "Q96670": "Hans Karl Georg von Kaltenborn-Stachau (23 March 1836, in Magdeburg \u2013 16 February 1898, in Braunschweig) was a Prussian General of the Infantry and Minister of War.", "Q1247078": "Teresa Fay Gibbs (born June 15, 1954) is an American country music artist who is blind. Between 1980 and 2017, she has recorded eleven studio albums, including four for MCA Records and one for Warner Bros. Records. She also charted 13 singles on the Billboard country singles charts in that timespan, including her debut single \"Somebody's Knockin'\", which reached No. 8 on the country charts, No. 13 on the pop charts and No. 3 on the Adult Contemporary charts. She also entered the country top 20 with \"Rich Man\", \"Mis'ry River\", \"Ashes to Ashes\" and \"Anybody Else's Heart but Mine.\"", "Q321846": "Ronald Prescott Reagan (born May 20, 1958) is an American former radio host and political analyst for KIRO radio and later, Air America Radio, where he hosted his own daily three-hour show. He is a commentator and contributor to programming on the MSNBC cable news and commentary network. His liberal views contrast with those of his late father, Republican United States President Ronald Reagan.", "Q146871": "The Emirate of Diriyah was the first Saudi state. It was established in the year 1744 (1157 AH) when Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Prince Muhammad bin Saud formed an alliance to found a socio-religious reform movement to unify the many states of the Arabian Peninsula and free it from Ottoman rule. In 1744, both Muhammed bin Abd Al Wahhab and Muhammad bin Saud took an oath to achieve their goal. Marriage between Muhammad bin Saud's son, Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, and the daughter of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab helped to seal the pact between their families which has lasted through the centuries to the present day.", "Q80012": "Pine Bluff is the tenth-largest city in the state of Arkansas and the county seat of Jefferson County. It is the principal city of the Pine Bluff Metropolitan Statistical Area and part of the Little Rock-North Little Rock-Pine Bluff Combined Statistical Area. The population of the city was 49,083 in the 2010 Census with 2018 estimates showing a decline to 42,271.The city is situated in the Southeast section of the Arkansas Delta and straddles the Arkansas Timberlands region to its west. Its topography is flat with wide expanses of farmland, consistent with other places in the Delta Lowlands. Pine Bluff has numerous creeks, streams, and bayous. (Bayou Bartholomew is the longest bayou in the world and is the second most-diverse stream in the United States). Large bodies of water include Lake Pine Bluff, Lake Langhofer (Slack Water Harbor), and the Arkansas River.\n\n", "Q202735": "Billy Bob Thornton (born August 4, 1955) is an American actor, writer, director, and musician.\nThornton had his first break when he co-wrote and starred in the 1992 thriller One False Move, and received international attention after writing, directing, and starring in the independent drama film Sling Blade (1996), for which he won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor. He appeared in several major film roles in the 1990s following Sling Blade, including Oliver Stone's neo-noir U Turn (1997), political drama Primary Colors (1998), science fiction disaster film Armageddon (1998), the highest-grossing film of that year, and the crime drama A Simple Plan (1998), which earned him his third Oscar nomination.\nIn the 2000s, Thornton achieved further success in starring dramas Monster's Ball (2001), The Man Who Wasn't There (2001), and Friday Night Lights (2004); comedies Bandits (2001), Intolerable Cruelty (2003), and Bad Santa (2003); and action films Eagle Eye (2008) and Faster (2010). In 2014, Thornton starred as Lorne Malvo in the first season of the anthology series Fargo, earning a nomination for the Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or TV Movie at the Emmy Awards and won Best Actor in a Miniseries or TV Film at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards. In 2016, he starred in an Amazon original series, Goliath, which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Drama.\nThornton has been vocal about his distaste for celebrity culture, choosing to keep his life out of the public eye. However, the attention of the media has proven unavoidable in certain cases, his marriage to Angelina Jolie being a notable example. Thornton has written a variety of films, usually set in the Southern United States and mainly co-written with Tom Epperson, including A Family Thing (1996) and The Gift (2000). After Sling Blade, he directed several other films, including Daddy and Them (2001), All the Pretty Horses (2000), and Jayne Mansfield's Car (2012).\nThornton has received the President's Award from the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, a Special Achievement Award from the National Board of Review, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He has also been nominated for an Emmy Award, four Golden Globes, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards. In addition to film work, Thornton began a career as a singer-songwriter. He has released four solo albums and is the vocalist of the blues rock band The Boxmasters.", "Q65920": "Erwin Huber (born 26 July 1946) is a German politician. He was chairman of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria from 2007 to 2008.", "Q441443": "Brian Downey (born 31 October 1944 in St. John's, Newfoundland) is a Canadian actor best known for his portrayal of Stanley Tweedle in the science-fiction television series Lexx.\nDowney is a character actor who has appeared in various films and guest starring roles on TV, including a recurring role on Millennium. His first film role was in a 1986 Andy Jones film called The Adventure of Faustus Bidgood, which features the entire cast of CODCO. Downey has enjoyed a long professional relationship with Lexx creator Paul Donovan, dating back at least to 1988, when Donovan cast Downey in the time travel adventure film Norman's Awesome Experience. Downey also appeared as Cardinal Juan de Mella in Donovan's medieval TV thriller The Conclave. Downey has worked with Jessica Lange, JoBeth Williams, Sam Rockwell, and directors such as Joe Sargent. He won the 2010 only acting award at the 2010 Atlantic Film Festival for his role in Whirligig, directed by Chaz Thorne, with whom he has worked on two previous features. He played the evil gang leader \"The Drake\", who runs the town in the feature film Hobo with a Shotgun, starring Rutger Hauer and directed by Jason Eisener.\nDowney is also a musician and writer. Before being recruited as an actor, he spent many years as a bass player, guitarist, and blues harmonica player. He has been a writer for many stage plays and has led many script writing workshops. His first full length stage play, Peter's Other War, was produced during the summer of 2009.", "Q44736": "Bernhard-Viktor Christoph-Carl von B\u00fclow (12 November 1923 \u2013 22 August 2011), known as Vicco von B\u00fclow or Loriot, was a German comedian, humorist, cartoonist, film director, actor and writer.\nHe is best known for his cartoons, the sketches from his 1976 television series Loriot, alongside Evelyn Hamann, and his two movies, \u00d6dipussi (1988) and Pappa Ante Portas (1991).\nOn the television series Unsere Besten (Our Best), Loriot was ranked the 54th best German ever. In a special comedy episode of Unsere Besten, he was ranked as the most famous German comedian ever.", "Q316032": "John Christopher McGinley (born August 3, 1959) is an American actor. He is most notable for his roles as Perry Cox in Scrubs, Bob Slydell in Office Space, Captain Hendrix in The Rock, Sergeant Red O'Neill in Oliver Stone's Platoon, Marv in Stone's Wall Street, and FBI agent Ben Harp in Point Break. He has written and produced for television and film. Apart from acting, McGinley is an author, a board member and international spokesman for the Global Down Syndrome Foundation, and a spokesman for the National Down Syndrome Society.", "Q242305": "Anna Diamantopoulou (Greek: \u0386\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5; born 26 February 1959 in Kozani, Greece) is a Greek politician, currently President of the Athens-based think tank \"DIKTIO\" Network for Reform in Greece and Europe. She served as Minister of Education as well as Minister for Development, Competitiveness and Shipping. She also served as European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities in the Prodi Commission, a post she held between 1999\u20132004. She regularly attends international policy fora, including the Bilderberg Group.", "Q72290": "Nikolaus von Vormann (24 December 1895 \u2013 26 October 1959) was a German general who served in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany.\nGeneral von Vormann was born in Neumark, West Prussia, German Empire. He joined the Prussian Army in 1914 and served in World War I and remained in the Weimar German Reichswehr. In World War II he served on the Eastern Front campaigns and in 1944 briefly commanded the 9th Army. During this brief interval, he became involved in the suppression of the Warsaw Uprising, although the main responsibility for the wanton destruction of the Polish capital and the massacre of its inhabitants laid with the SS-generals Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski and Heinz Reinefarth. On 4 May 1945, as the Allies approached during the closing days of World War II, von Vormann's last appointment was as commander of the largely non-existent \"Alpenfestung\" (Alpine Fortress). He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Vormann wrote two books documenting his war-time experiences: Der Feldzug 1939 in Polen and Tscherkassy. He died on 26 October 1959 in Berchtesgaden.", "Q2021615": "Aouille Tseuque is a mountain of the Pennine Alps on the Swiss-Italian border. On its northern side it overlooks the Otemma Glacier.", "Q80006": "Computer programming is the process of designing and building an executable computer program to accomplish a specific computing result. Programming involves tasks such as: analysis, generating algorithms, profiling algorithms' accuracy and resource consumption, and the implementation of algorithms in a chosen programming language (commonly referred to as coding). The source code of a program is written in one or more languages that are intelligible to programmers, rather than machine code, which is directly executed by the central processing unit. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate the performance of a task (which can be as complex as an operating system) on a computer, often for solving a given problem. The process of programming thus often requires expertise in several different subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms, and formal logic.\nTasks accompanying and related to programming include: testing, debugging, source code maintenance, implementation of build systems, and management of derived artifacts, such as the machine code of computer programs. These might be considered part of the programming process, but often the term software development is used for this larger process with the term programming, implementation, or coding reserved for the actual writing of code. Software engineering combines engineering techniques with software development practices. Reverse engineering is the opposite process. A hacker is any skilled computer expert that uses their technical knowledge to overcome a problem, but it can also mean a security hacker in common language.", "Q565293": "Anne Frank: The Whole Story is a two-part mini-series based on the book Anne Frank: The Biography by Melissa M\u00fcller. The mini-series aired on ABC on May 20 and 21, 2001. The series starred Ben Kingsley, Brenda Blethyn, Hannah Taylor-Gordon, and Lili Taylor. Controversially, but in keeping with the claim made by Melissa M\u00fcller, the series asserts that the anonymous betrayer of the Frank family was the office cleaner, when in fact the betrayer's identity has never been established. A disagreement between the producers of the mini-series and the Anne Frank Foundation about validity of this and other details led to the withdrawal of their endorsement of the dramatization, which prevented the use of any quotations from the writings of Anne Frank appearing within the production. Hannah Taylor-Gordon received both Golden Globe and Emmy Award nominations for her performance as Anne Frank, while Ben Kingsley won a Screen Actors Guild Award for his performance as Otto Frank, Anne's father.", "Q1125651": "Thom Barry is an actor who was born in Cleveland, Ohio. In the 1980s, he was a disc jockey for WUBE-FM in Cincinnati. He appeared in television advertisements for The Home Depot, Sears, and United Parcel Service, and did voice acting for the TV series The Incredible Hulk and The Wild Thornberrys. In 2014, The Hollywood Reporter described the actor as best known for playing Detective Will Jeffries on the TV series Cold Case.\n\n", "Q340260": "Achille Zavatta (6 May 1915 \u2013 16 November 1993) was a French clown, artist and circus operator.\nAchille Zavatta was born in La Goulette, Tunisia, the son of Federico Zavatta, a circus owner. He started performing in his family's circus show at the age of three, forming with his brothers Michel and Rolph, the Zavatta Trio. He was the interval act at the 1962 Eurovision Song Contest in Luxemburg. To this day the Zavatta Circus tours France and surrounding countries, these performances include live tiger acts, which means the circus cannot tour Britain under the Animal Welfare Act. The circus is rated as a top show in France.\nHe became famous for his skills as a pantomime.He committed suicide in 1993 in Ouzouer des Champs, Loiret and was interred in the P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.", "Q65934": "Wettswil am Albis is a municipality in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q2027264": "Roman Valentinovich Kopin (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043d; born 5 March 1974 in Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast) is the governor of Chukotka, Russia. He succeeded Roman Arkadyevich Abramovich in July 2008.\n\n", "Q90215": "Josef Fessler (1813\u20131872) was Roman Catholic Bishop of Sankt P\u00f6lten in Austria, a secretary of the First Vatican Council and an authority on patristics.", "Q384544": "Karlovy Vary (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8karlov\u026a \u02c8var\u026a] (listen); German: Karlsbad) is a spa town situated in western Bohemia, Czech Republic, on the confluence of the rivers Oh\u0159e and Tepl\u00e1, approximately 130 km (81 mi) west of Prague (Praha). It is named after Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, who founded the city in 1370. It is the site of numerous hot springs (13 main springs, about 300 smaller springs, and the warm-water Tepl\u00e1 River), and is the most visited spa town in the Czech Republic. Until 1945, when the German-speaking inhabitants were expelled, the town was overwhelmingly German speaking for most of its history. The city has approximately 48,500 inhabitants.", "Q212532": "Lawrence James Tierney (March 15, 1919 \u2013 February 26, 2002) was an American actor. Tierney was known for his many screen portrayals of mobsters and tough guys, roles that mirrored his own frequent brushes with the law. In 2005, New York Times critic David Kehr observed that \"the hulking Tierney was not so much an actor as a frightening force of nature\".", "Q3757183": "Gagan Thapa (born 16 July 1976) is a Nepali politician and youth leader who served as the Minister of Health and Population of Nepal from 2016 to 2017. He is currently serving as a Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives, Nepal from Kathmandu since 2008, and is currently in its Parliamentary Committee on Education and Health. He is a Central Committee Member of the Nepal Congress Party.Born and raised in Kathmandu, Thapa graduated from Siddhartha Vanasthali School in 1992, and finished his Bachelors of Science in Chemistry from Tri Chandra College in 1998, and M.A Sociology from Tribhuvan University in 2003. He was heavily involved in student politics during the pro democracy movement and became the General Secretary of the Nepal Students Union from 2002 to 2004. Thapa was declared a Prisoner of Conscience by Amnesty International in 2005, following his arrest on charges of treason. In 2008, he became a Member of the First Constitutional Assembly, and in 2010 became a Central Committee Member of the Nepal Congress Party. He won again in 2013 as a Member of the Second Constitutional Assembly following the failure of the first assembly to promulgate a constitution, serving as the Health Minister from 2016-2017 under the Congress-Maoist government. He won in 2017 for the third time from the same constituency - Kathmandu 4.\nThapa is a popular young leader and is widely renowned for his oratory and eloquence. He is a Young Global Leader of the World Economic Forum. He has contributed to - and is also the subject of - many articles in publications including The New York Times, The Lancet, World Economic Forum, Harvard Politics, China Dialogue, Kathmandu Post, The Himalayan Times, and Nepali Times.", "Q608945": "Arthur Edwin Kennelly (December 17, 1861 \u2013 June 18, 1939), was an Irish-American electrical engineer.", "Q322383": "Eddie Taylor (January 29, 1923 \u2013 December 25, 1985) was an American electric blues guitarist and singer.", "Q1773894": "Wei\u00dfensee Academy of Art Berlin (German: Kunsthochschule Berlin-Wei\u00dfensee) is an art school in Berlin-Wei\u00dfensee, Berlin, Germany, founded in 1946.", "Q181490": "Teri Lynn Hatcher (born December 8, 1964) is an American actress, writer, presenter and singer. She is most known for her portrayal of Lois Lane on the television series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman (1993\u20131997), as Paris Carver in the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies, and as Susan Mayer on the television series Desperate Housewives (2004\u20132012) amongst numerous other television and film roles. For her portrayal of Susan Mayer, she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy, three Screen Actors Guild Awards (one as lead female actor and the other two as part of the best ensemble), and a Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series.", "Q228862": "Lena Maria Jonna Olin (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8l\u00ea\u02d0na \u028a\u02c8li\u02d0n] (listen); born 22 March 1955) is a Swedish actress. She has been nominated for several acting awards, including a Golden Globe for The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1988) and an Academy Award for Enemies, A Love Story (1989). Other well-known films in which she has appeared include After the Rehearsal (1984) by Ingmar Bergman, Chocolat (2000), directed by her husband Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m, Queen of the Damned (2002), Casanova (2005), and The Reader (2008). Olin was also a main cast member in the second season (and a recurring guest star in later seasons) of the television series Alias, and starred in the American-Swedish sitcom Welcome to Sweden.", "Q1099964": "Clemens Hellsberg (born 28 March 1952) is an Austrian violinist and from 1997 to 2014 was director of the Wiener Philharmoniker.", "Q3177008": "Jenna de Rosnay (born Jenna Severson, 7 March 1963) is an American windsurfer, fashion designer, and model.", "Q497777": "The Spanish Republic (officially in Spanish Rep\u00fablica Espa\u00f1ola), commonly known as the First Spanish Republic to distinguish it from the Spanish Republic of 1931\u201339, was the short-lived political regime that existed in Spain between the parliamentary proclamation on 11 February 1873 and 29 December 1874 when General Arsenio Mart\u00ednez Campos's pronunciamiento marked the beginning of the Bourbon Restoration in Spain. The Republic's founding started with the abdication as King on 10 February 1873 of Amadeo I, following the Hidalgo Affair, when he had been required by the radical government to sign a decree against the artillery officers. The next day, 11 February, the republic was declared by a parliamentary majority made up of radicals, republicans and democrats.", "Q49206": "The University of Connecticut (UConn) is a public research university in Storrs, Connecticut. It was founded in 1881.\nThe primary 4,400-acre (17.8 km2) campus is in Storrs, Connecticut, approximately a half hour's drive from Hartford and 90 minutes from Boston. It is a flagship university that is ranked as tied for the best public national university in New England and is tied for 24th in \"top public schools\" and tied for 64th best national university in the 2020 U.S. News & World Report rankings. UConn has been ranked by Money Magazine and Princeton Review top 18th in value. The university is designated \"R-1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Highest Research Activity\" with the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classifying the student body as \"More Selective\", its most selective admissions category. The university has been recognized as a Public Ivy, defined as a select group of publicly funded universities considered to provide a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League.UConn is one of the founding institutions of the Hartford, Connecticut/Springfield, Massachusetts regional economic and cultural partnership alliance known as New England's Knowledge Corridor. UConn was the second U.S. university invited into Universitas 21, an elite international network of 24 research-intensive universities, who work together to foster global citizenship. UConn is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges. UConn was founded in 1881 as the Storrs Agricultural School, named after two brothers who donated the land for the school. In 1893, the school became a land grant college. In 1939, the name was changed to the University of Connecticut. Over the next decade, social work, nursing and graduate programs were established, while the schools of law and pharmacy were also absorbed into the university. During the 1960s, UConn Health was established for new medical and dental schools. John Dempsey Hospital opened in Farmington in 1975.\nCompeting in the American Athletic Conference as the Huskies, UConn has been particularly successful in their men's and women's basketball programs. The Huskies have won 21 NCAA championships. The UConn Huskies are the most successful women's basketball program in the nation, having won a record 11 NCAA Division I National Championships (tied with the UCLA Bruins men's basketball team) and a women's record four in a row (2013\u20132016), plus over 40 conference regular season and tournament championships. UConn also owns the two longest winning streaks of any gender in college basketball history.", "Q71799": "Mary Osborne, Duchess of Leeds (1723 \u2013 3 August 1764), born Lady Mary Godolphin, was a daughter of Henrietta Godolphin, n\u00e9e Churchill, 2nd Duchess of Marlborough, and Francis Godolphin, 2nd Earl of Godolphin, making her granddaughter to the powerful government trio during the reign of Queen Anne of Great Britain: the famous general and politician John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, and his wife Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, through her mother; and Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin, through her father. \nLady Mary was considered to be the illegitimate child of the famous playwright William Congreve, with whom Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough, was having a long-term relationship. She was, however, recognised by Francis as his own daughter, and was raised by him with the other Godolphin children. Despite this, gossip spread rapidly about Lady Mary's paternity, and her maternal grandmother did not recognise her until 1740, when the two reconciled their differences. It was at this time that Sarah, Dowager Duchess of Marlborough, arranged Lady Mary's marriage to Thomas Osborne, 4th Duke of Leeds; they were married on 26 June 1740. They had one surviving child, Francis Godolphin Osborne (styled Marquess of Carmarthen, later 5th Duke of Leeds and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs), who was born on 29 January 1751.\nMary, Duchess of Leeds, died in 1764, aged 41.", "Q207659": "Space Jam is a 1996 American live-action/animated sports comedy film directed by Joe Pytka. Starring Michael Jordan, the film presents a fictionalized account of what happened between Jordan's initial retirement from the NBA in 1993 and his comeback in 1995, in which he is enlisted by the Looney Tunes to help them win their freedom in a basketball match against the Monstars working for Mr. Swackhammer, the ruthless owner of the intergalactic amusement park Moron Mountain who seeks to enslave the Looney Tunes as his newest attractions.\nReleased theatrically by Warner Bros. Pictures on November 15, 1996, Space Jam received largely mixed reviews from critics but was a box office success, opening at No. 1 in the North American box office and grossing over $230 million worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing basketball film of all time.\nA sequel, titled Space Jam 2 and starring LeBron James, is scheduled for release on July 16, 2021.", "Q46135": "Cr\u00e9teil (French pronunciation: \u200b[k\u0281e.t\u025bj]) is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 11.5 km (7.1 mi) from the centre of Paris. Cr\u00e9teil is the pr\u00e9fecture (capital) of the Val-de-Marne department as well as the seat of the Arrondissement of Cr\u00e9teil. The city is, moreover, the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese and of one of France's 30 nationwide acad\u00e9mies (districts) of the Ministry of National Education.\n\n", "Q499982": "Attila Bartis (born 1968) is a Romanian-born Hungarian writer, photographer, dramatist and journalist. He received the Attila J\u00f3zsef Prize in 2005. His books have been translated into over 20 different languages. In 2001, he published his second novel, Tranquility, which was adapted into film in 2008. In 2017, he became a member of the Sz\u00e9chenyi Academy of Literature and Arts.", "Q85618": "Nicolas Born (31 December 1937 in Duisburg \u2013 7 December 1979 in L\u00fcchow-Dannenberg) was a German writer.\nNicolas Born was \u2013 together with Rolf Dieter Brinkmann \u2013 one of the most important and most innovative German poets of his generation. His two novels, Die erdabgewandte Seite der Geschichte, and Die F\u00e4lschung, have been translated into more than a dozen languages, and count among the most important works of German literature of the 1970s.", "Q102799": "Paul Kornfeld (11 December 1889 \u2013 25 April 1942) was a Prague-born German-language Jewish writer whose expressionist plays and scholarly treatises on the theory of drama earned him a specialized niche in influencing contemporary intellectual discourse.", "Q256416": "Trouble in Paradise is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic comedy film directed by Ernst Lubitsch, starring Miriam Hopkins, Kay Francis, and Herbert Marshall and featuring Charles Ruggles and Edward Everett Horton. Based on the 1931 play The Honest Finder (A Becs\u00fcletes Megtal\u00e1l\u00f3) by Hungarian playwright L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Alad\u00e1r, the film is about a gentleman thief and a lady pickpocket who join forces to con a beautiful woman who is the owner of a perfume company.\nIn 1991, Trouble in Paradise was selected for preservation by the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q558112": "Black Mirror is a British science fiction anthology television series created by Charlie Brooker. He and Annabel Jones are the programme's showrunners. It examines modern society, particularly with regard to the unanticipated consequences of new technologies. Episodes are standalone, usually set in an alternative present or the near future, often with a dark and satirical tone, although some are more experimental and lighter.\nBlack Mirror was inspired by older anthology series, such as The Twilight Zone, which Brooker felt were able to deal with controversial, contemporary topics with less fear of censorship than other more realistic programmes. Brooker developed Black Mirror to highlight topics related to humanity's relationship with technology, creating stories that feature \"the way we live now \u2013 and the way we might be living in 10 minutes' time if we're clumsy.\"The series premiered for two series on Channel 4 in December 2011 and February 2013. After its addition to the catalogue in December 2014, Netflix purchased the programme in September 2015. It commissioned a series of 12 episodes later divided into the third and fourth series, each comprising six episodes; the former was released on 21 October 2016 and the latter on 29 December 2017. A standalone interactive film titled Black Mirror: Bandersnatch was released on 28 December 2018. A fifth series, comprising three episodes, was released on 5 June 2019.The series has garnered positive reception from critics, received many awards and nominations, and seen an increase in interest internationally, particularly in the United States after its addition to Netflix. The show has won eight Emmy Awards for \"San Junipero\", \"USS Callister\" and Bandersnatch, including three consecutive wins in the Outstanding Television Movie category.", "Q1138600": "Craig Jamieson Mack (May 10, 1970 \u2013 March 12, 2018) was an American rapper and record producer. He helped build the foundation for Bad Boy Records, one of hip hop\u2019s most influential labels. \nHe began rapping as a teenager under the name MC EZ and released one single in 1988, \"Just Rhymin'\" backed with \u201cGet Retarded,\u201d as part of MC EZ & Troup. Mack then became friends with the hip hop duo EPMD and eventually went on tour with them, doing jobs as a roadie. He helped DJ Scratch assemble and disassemble his turntables at shows. After a few years without forward movement in his recording career, Mack took advantage of an opportunity to rap for Sean Combs, and secured a record deal with Combs\u2019s label, Bad Boy. Mack is best known for his 1994 hit, \"Flava in Ya Ear\".", "Q221846": "Ghosts of Girlfriends Past is a 2009 American romantic comedy film whose plot is based on Charles Dickens' 1843 novella A Christmas Carol. Mark Waters directed a script by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore. Filming spanned February 19, 2008 to July 2008 in Rhode Island with stars Matthew McConaughey, Breckin Meyer, Jennifer Garner, Lacey Chabert and Michael Douglas. The film was released on May 1, 2009.Ghosts of Girlfriends Past features a wedding day and the day before, rather than the familiar Christmas and Christmas Eve from A Christmas Carol. The three ghosts share similar appearances with the original descriptions, and the film shares the traditional plot points from the book.", "Q720005": "Jahn Teigen (27 September 1949 \u2013 24 February 2020) was a Norwegian singer, musician and comedian. He represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest three times, in 1978, 1982 and 1983, and became known throughout Europe as a result of his 1978 performance in the contest, which won \"nul points\" (a zero score) for Norway. His given name was Jan; he added the silent H later. From October 2006 until his death in February 2020, he resided in Sweden.", "Q189972": "The Bank of Central African States (French: Banque des \u00c9tats de l'Afrique Centrale, BEAC) is a central bank that serves six central African countries which form the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa:\n\nCameroon\nCentral African Republic\nChad\nEquatorial Guinea\nGabon\nRepublic of the CongoIn December 2010, a WikiLeaks memo dated July 7, 2009, said that Gabonese officials working for the Bank of Central African States stole US$36 million over a period of five years from the pooled reserves, giving much of the money to members of France's two main political parties.", "Q12060065": "The High School of Art and Design is a Career and Technical Education high school in Manhattan, New York City. Founded in 1936 as the School of Industrial Art, the school moved to 1075 Second Avenue in 1960 and more recently, its Midtown Manhattan location on 56th Street, between Second and Third Avenues, in September 2012. High School of Art and Design is operated by the New York City Department of Education.", "Q885": "J\u00f3zef Klemens Pi\u0142sudski (Polish: [\u02c8juz\u025bf \u02c8kl\u025bm\u025bns p\u02b2iw\u02c8sutsk\u02b2i] (listen); 5 December 1867 \u2013 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman who served as the Chief of State (1918\u201322) and First Marshal of Poland (from 1920). He was considered the de facto leader (1926\u201335) of the Second Polish Republic as the Minister of Military Affairs. After World War I, he held great power in Polish politics and was a distinguished figure on the international scene. He is viewed as a father of the Second Polish Republic re-established in 1918, 123 years after the final Partition of Poland by Austria, Prussia and Russia in 1795.Seeing himself as a descendant of the culture and traditions of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, Pi\u0142sudski believed in a multi-ethnic Poland\u2014\"a home of nations\" including indigenous ethnic and religious minorities he hoped would establish a robust union with the independent states of Lithuania and Ukraine. His principal political antagonist, Roman Dmowski, leader of the National Democrat party, by contrast, called for a Poland limited to the pre-Partitions Polish Crown and based mainly on a homogeneous ethnically Polish population and Roman Catholic identity.\nEarly in his political career, Pi\u0142sudski became a leader of the Polish Socialist Party. Believing Poland's independence would be won militarily, he formed the Polish Legions. In 1914, he predicted a new major war would defeat the Russian Empire and the Central Powers. After World War I began in 1914, Pi\u0142sudski's Legions fought alongside Austria-Hungary against Russia. In 1917, with Imperialist Russia faring poorly in the war, he withdrew his support for the Central Powers, and was imprisoned in Magdeburg by the Germans.\nFrom November 1918, when Poland regained its independence, until 1922, Pi\u0142sudski was Poland's Chief of State. In 1919\u201321 he commanded Polish forces in six border wars that re-defined the country's borders. On the verge of defeat in the Polish\u2013Soviet War his forces, in the August 1920 Battle of Warsaw, threw back the invading Soviet Russians. In 1923, with the government dominated by his opponents, in particular the National Democrats, Pi\u0142sudski retired from active politics. Three years later he returned to power in the May 1926 coup d'\u00e9tat and became Poland's strongman. From then on until his death in 1935, he concerned himself primarily with military and foreign affairs. It was during this period that he developed a cult of personality that has survived into the 21st century.\nIn international affairs, Pi\u0142sudski pursued two complementary strategies meant to secure Poland's independence and enhance national security: \"Prometheism\", aimed at achieving the disintegration of Imperial Russia and later the Soviet Union into their constituent nations; and the creation of an Intermarium federation of Central and Eastern Europe and states between the Baltic and Black Seas, to secure its peoples against Western and Eastern European imperialisms.Historian Piotr Wandycz characterizes Pi\u0142sudski as \"an ardent Polish patriot who on occasion would castigate the Poles for their stupidity, cowardice, or servility. He described himself as a Polish-Lithuanian, and was stubborn and reserved, loath to show his emotions.\" Some aspects of Pi\u0142sudski's administration, such as establishing Bereza Kartuska prison, remain controversial. Yet, he is highly-esteemed in Polish memory, and is regarded, together with his chief antagonist Roman Dmowski, as a founder of the modern independent Poland.", "Q4235": "Miley Ray Cyrus (born Destiny Hope Cyrus; November 23, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor. Her music has spanned a range of styles, including pop, country pop, and hip hop. Cyrus' personal life, public image, and performances have often sparked controversy and received widespread media coverage. She is widely considered to be one of the most successful entertainers in adulthood who originated as a child star. Among numerous awards and nominations, Cyrus was included on the Time 100 list in both 2008 and 2014, named MTV's Artist of the Year in 2013, and was ranked 62nd on Billboard's Top 125 Artists of All Time list in 2019.Cyrus was born in Franklin, Tennessee, and is a daughter of country music singer Billy Ray Cyrus. She became a teen idol as the title character of the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana (2006\u20132011), through which media franchise she attained two number-one and three top-ten soundtracks on the US Billboard 200, and the top-ten single \"He Could Be the One\" on the US Billboard Hot 100. Cyrus' own discography includes the US number-one albums Meet Miley Cyrus (2007), Breakout (2008), and Bangerz (2013); the top-five releases Can't Be Tamed (2010), Younger Now (2017), and She Is Coming (2019); and Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz (2015), which was released for free online streaming on SoundCloud. Her singles include the US top ten-charting \"See You Again\", \"7 Things\", \"The Climb\", \"Party in the U.S.A.\", \"Can't Be Tamed\", \"We Can't Stop\", \"Malibu\", and the chart-topping \"Wrecking Ball\". Cyrus is working on her upcoming seventh studio album, She Is Miley Cyrus.\nCyrus' filmography includes the animated film Bolt (2008), and the feature films Hannah Montana: The Movie (2009) and The Last Song (2010). On television, she was the host of the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards and has hosted Saturday Night Live three times since 2011. Cyrus has been featured as a coach on the singing competition television series The Voice; she has appeared in two seasons of the show since her debut in 2016. In 2019, she became the first female to enter the Billboard charts under three different names with her entry as the character Ashley O, whom she portrayed in an episode of the science fiction television series Black Mirror.Cyrus is an outspoken animal rights advocate, and adopted a vegan lifestyle in 2014. That year, she founded the non-profit Happy Hippie Foundation, which focuses on youth homelessness and the LGBT community.", "Q124038": "Peter Bichsel (born 24 March 1935) is a popular Swiss writer and journalist representing modern German literature. He was a member of the Gruppe Olten.\nBichsel was born 1935 in Lucerne, Switzerland, the son of manual labourers. Shortly after he was born, the Bichsels moved to Olten, also in Switzerland. After finishing school, he became an elementary school teacher, a job which he held until 1968. From 1974 to 1981 he was the personal advisor and speech writer of Willy Ritschard, a member of the Swiss Federal Council. Between 1972 and 1989 he made his mark as a \"writer in residence\" and a guest lecturer at American universities. Bichsel has lived on the outskirts of Solothurn for several decades.\nHe started publishing short lyric works in newspapers. In 1960, he got his first success in prose as a private printer. In the winter of 1963-1964 he took part in writing course in prose taught by Walter H\u00f6llerer.\nOne of his first and most well-known works is And Really Frau Blum Would Very Much Like to Meet the Milkman. Just as successful, Children's Stories, intended for adults, is written in the form of droll tales for children. Both books were translated from the German by English poet Michael Hamburger. A theme of Bichsel's works for younger readers is the stubborn desire of children to take words literally and wreak havoc on the world of communicated ideas. In the early 1970s and 1980s, Bichsel's journalistic work pushed his literary work mainly into the background. Only Der Busant (1985) and Warten in Baden-Baden appeared again with the Bichsel style that was so familiar to German readers. Peter Bichsel gave up being a professional teacher early in his lifetime, yet he has continued to teach his readers that the drudgery and banality of life is of our own making. Conversely, we have every opportunity to prevent our lives from being boring. This theme has helped make Peter Bichsel a symbol of German literary work today.\nIn 1981, he was a member of the jury at the 31st Berlin International Film Festival.Peter Bichsel's estate is archived in the Swiss Literary Archives in Bern.\n\n", "Q3130425": "Henri-Louis Wakker (18 March 1875 \u2013 17 March 1972) was a Swiss banker and real estate entrepreneur. His will provided a considerable sum of money without conditions to the Swiss Heritage Society, which in 1972 created the Wakker Prize in his honor. It is awarded yearly for the development and preservation architectural heritage in Switzerland.", "Q94715": "Dagmar Koller (born 26 August 1939) is an Austrian actress and singer.\nBorn in Klagenfurt, she is recognized as the leading German language musical star of her time. She married Austrian journalist and politician, Helmut Zilk, in 1978, and became the first lady of Vienna while he served as mayor. During this time she maintained her active career as a musical star, playing the roles of Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady and Dulcinea in Man of La Mancha, while also hosting her own television show. As First Lady of Vienna she received such international luminaries as Prince Charles and Diana, Princess of Wales, Frank Sinatra, Liza Minnelli, Pl\u00e1cido Domingo, and American First Lady, Nancy Reagan. She is credited with having saved her husband's life after a letter bomb explosion in their private residence.", "Q40222": "Catherine Anselm Gleason (November 25, 1865 \u2013 January 9, 1933) was an American engineer and businesswoman known both for being an accomplished woman in the predominantly male field of engineering and for her philanthropy.", "Q133544": "John Logie Baird FRSE (; 13 August 1888 \u2013 14 June 1946) was a Scottish engineer, innovator, one of the inventors of the mechanical television, demonstrating the first working television system on 26 January 1926, and inventor of both the first publicly demonstrated colour television system, and the first purely electronic colour television picture tube.In 1928 the Baird Television Development Company achieved the first transatlantic television transmission. Baird's early technological successes and his role in the practical introduction of broadcast television for home entertainment have earned him a prominent place in television's history.\nBaird was ranked number 44 in the BBC's list of the 100 Greatest Britons following a UK-wide vote in 2002. In 2006, Baird was named as one of the 10 greatest Scottish scientists in history, having been listed in the National Library of Scotland's 'Scottish Science Hall of Fame'. In 2015 he was inducted into the Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame.", "Q455344": "Nicolette Larson (July 17, 1952 \u2013 December 16, 1997) was an American pop singer. She is perhaps best known for her work in the late 1970s with Neil Young and her 1978 hit single of Young's \"Lotta Love\", which hit No. 1 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and No. 8 on the pop singles chart. It was followed by four more adult contemporary hits, two of which were also minor pop hits.\nBy 1985, she shifted her focus to country music, charting six times on the US country singles chart. Her only top-40 country hit was \"That's How You Know When Love's Right\", a duet with Steve Wariner. She died in 1997 of cerebral edema and liver failure.", "Q1779361": "Harry Osborn (birth name: Harold Theopolis Osborn) is a fictional character in the Marvel Comics Universe. The character first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #31 (December 1965), and was created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. He is Peter Parker's best friend, the son of Norman Osborn, the father of Normie Osborn and Stanley Osborn, and the second incarnation of Green Goblin.\nThe character has appeared in many adaptations of Spider-Man outside of the comic books, including various cartoons and video games. He was portrayed in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man film trilogy by James Franco and 2014's The Amazing Spider-Man 2 by Dane DeHaan.", "Q492169": "Robert Anson Jordan Jr. (July 19, 1937 \u2013 August 30, 1993) was an American stage, screen, and television actor. A long-time member of the New York Shakespeare Festival, he performed in many Off Broadway and Broadway plays. His films include Logan's Run, Les Mis\u00e9rables, Old Boyfriends, Raise the Titanic, The Friends of Eddie Coyle, The Yakuza, Interiors, The Bunker, Dune, The Secret of My Success, Timebomb, The Hunt for Red October, Posse and Gettysburg.", "Q287059": "Azam Ali (Persian: \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u200e) is an Iranian singer and musician. As of 2013, Ali has released eight full-length albums with the bands VAS and Niyaz, as well as four full-length solo albums.\n\n", "Q80760": "George Gard \"Buddy\" DeSylva (January 27, 1895 \u2013 July 11, 1950) was an American songwriter, film producer and record executive. He wrote or co-wrote many popular songs and along with Johnny Mercer and Glenn Wallichs, he founded Capitol Records.", "Q12202": "A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. Both result in parts of the brain not functioning properly. Signs and symptoms of a stroke may include an inability to move or feel on one side of the body, problems understanding or speaking, dizziness, or loss of vision to one side. Signs and symptoms often appear soon after the stroke has occurred. If symptoms last less than one or two hours it is known as a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or mini-stroke. A hemorrhagic stroke may also be associated with a severe headache. The symptoms of a stroke can be permanent. Long-term complications may include pneumonia or loss of bladder control.The main risk factor for stroke is high blood pressure. Other risk factors include tobacco smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, a previous TIA, and atrial fibrillation. An ischemic stroke is typically caused by blockage of a blood vessel, though there are also less common causes. A hemorrhagic stroke is caused by either bleeding directly into the brain or into the space between the brain's membranes. Bleeding may occur due to a ruptured brain aneurysm. Diagnosis is typically based on a physical exam and supported by medical imaging such as a CT scan or MRI scan. A CT scan can rule out bleeding, but may not necessarily rule out ischemia, which early on typically does not show up on a CT scan. Other tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood tests are done to determine risk factors and rule out other possible causes. Low blood sugar may cause similar symptoms.Prevention includes decreasing risk factors, as well as possibly aspirin, statins, surgery to open up the arteries to the brain in those with problematic narrowing, and warfarin in those with atrial fibrillation. A stroke or TIA often requires emergency care. An ischemic stroke, if detected within three to four and half hours, may be treatable with a medication that can break down the clot. Aspirin should be used. Some hemorrhagic strokes benefit from surgery. Treatment to try to recover lost function is called stroke rehabilitation and ideally takes place in a stroke unit; however, these are not available in much of the world.In 2013 approximately 6.9 million people had an ischemic stroke and 3.4 million people had a hemorrhagic stroke. In 2015 there were about 42.4 million people who had previously had a stroke and were still alive. Between 1990 and 2010 the number of strokes which occurred each year decreased by approximately 10% in the developed world and increased by 10% in the developing world. In 2015, stroke was the second most frequent cause of death after coronary artery disease, accounting for 6.3 million deaths (11% of the total). About 3.0 million deaths resulted from ischemic stroke while 3.3 million deaths resulted from hemorrhagic stroke. About half of people who have had a stroke live less than one year. Overall, two thirds of strokes occurred in those over 65 years old.", "Q9711": "Honor\u00e9 de Balzac ( BAL-zak, more commonly US: BAWL-, French: [\u0254n\u0254\u0281e d(\u0259) balzak]; born Honor\u00e9 Balzac; 20 May 1799 \u2013 18 August 1850) was a French novelist and playwright. The novel sequence La Com\u00e9die humaine, which presents a panorama of post-Napoleonic French life, is generally viewed as his magnum opus.\nOwing to his keen observation of detail and unfiltered representation of society, Balzac is regarded as one of the founders of realism in European literature. He is renowned for his multi-faceted characters; even his lesser characters are complex, morally ambiguous and fully human. Inanimate objects are imbued with character as well; the city of Paris, a backdrop for much of his writing, takes on many human qualities. His writing influenced many famous writers, including the novelists \u00c9mile Zola, Charles Dickens, Gustave Flaubert, and Henry James, filmmaker Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut as well as important philosophers such as Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx. Many of Balzac's works have been made into films, and they continue to inspire other writers.\nAn enthusiastic reader and independent thinker as a child, Balzac had trouble adapting to the teaching style of his grammar school. His willful nature caused trouble throughout his life and frustrated his ambitions to succeed in the world of business. When he finished school, Balzac was apprenticed in a law office, but he turned his back on the study of law after wearying of its inhumanity and banal routine. Before and during his career as a writer, he attempted to be a publisher, printer, businessman, critic, and politician; he failed in all of these efforts. La Com\u00e9die Humaine reflects his real-life difficulties, and includes scenes from his own experience.\nBalzac suffered from health problems throughout his life, possibly due to his intense writing schedule. His relationship with his family was often strained by financial and personal drama, and he lost more than one friend over critical reviews. In 1850, Balzac married Ewelina Ha\u0144ska, a Polish aristocrat and his longtime love; he died in Paris five months later.", "Q203359": "Henri Proglio (born 29 June 1949) is a French businessman, the former Chairman of the Board and CEO of Electricit\u00e9 de France and former CEO of Veolia Environnement.", "Q96102": "Heinrich von Freiberg was a Middle High German narrative poet at the court of Wenceslaus II of Bohemia. He is mainly noted for his continuation of Gottfried von Strassburg's Tristan in about 1290. The work is preserved in three complete manuscripts and five fragments.", "Q316998": "Dritte Wahl (German pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0281\u026at\u0259 \u02c8va\u02d0l]) is a German Punk rock band from Rostock in Germany.\nDritte Wahl (translated: \"Third Choice\") first performed in 1988. They play political punk rock and were doing it back in East Germany. The band was founded by Holm, Busch\u00b4n, Gunnar and Krel. However, bass player Holm left Dritte Wahl in 1991 and the remaining line-up consisted of Busch\u00b4n (vocals, bass, \u2020 2005), Gunnar (guitar, vocals) and Krel (drums) back then. Their lyrics often contain personal or sociocritical lyrics with left-wing impact. \nIn 1998 the band founded their own record label under the name Rausch Records, that was later renamed as Dritte Wahl Records.\nOn 17 January 2005, Busch\u00b4n died of stomach cancer aged 35. The remaining members didn't want to disband, but to continue their career (as it was also Busch\u00b4n's explicit wish).\nSince 19 April 2005, Stefan - formerly guitarist for the Crushing Caspars - has been playing the bass.\nDritte Wahl are known for their energetic live concerts. Extended tours headed them through the whole of Germany and most European countries (including The Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the Czech Rep., Serbia, Croatia, Slovakia and Hungary). In 2010 Dritte Wahl played some concerts in Cuba.\n\n", "Q3017930": "David G. Bradley (born 1953) is the owner of Atlantic Media, which owns and operates several prominent media companies and services including The Atlantic, National Journal & The Hotline, and Government Executive. Before his career as a publisher, Bradley founded the Advisory Board Company and Corporate Executive Board, two Washington-based consulting companies.", "Q121140": "Alain Claude Sulzer (born 1953) is a Swiss writer and translator. He was born in Basel and worked as a journalist. He has published more than ten books and has won a number of literary awards in the process.\nHis novel A Perfect Waiter won the Prix Medicis Etranger and the Prix des Auditeurs de la Radio Suisse Romande and has been translated into several languages. Another novel Aus den Fugen has also met with critical and commercial success and is set to be translated into English.", "Q101290": "Georg K. Glaser (30 May 1910 \u2013 18 January 1995) was a German language and Francophone writer. He was born in Germany, but by the time he died he had acquired French citizenship through marriage, and he lived in France for most of his life.Although many sources start with his career as a writer, he was also a left wing activist and a coppersmith.\n\n", "Q273866": "Seyyed Abolhassan Banisadr (pronunciation ; Persian: \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0635\u062f\u0631\u200e; born 22 March 1933) is an Iranian politician. He was the first President of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution abolished the monarchy, serving from 4 February 1980 until he was impeached by parliament on 20 June 1981. Prior to his presidency, he was the minister of foreign affairs in the interim government. He has resided for many years in France where he co-founded the National Council of Resistance of Iran. At age 87, Banisadr is currently the oldest living former Iranian President.", "Q69698": "Nikolaus Becker (8 October 1809, Bonn, Rhin-et-Moselle \u2013 28 August 1845 in the H\u00fcnshoven district of Geilenkirchen) was a German lawyer and writer. His one poem of note was the 1840 \"Rheinlied\" (Rhine song) which was set to music over 70 times, the most famous setting being Die Wacht am Rhein.", "Q4134814": "Randy Paul Gage (born April 6, 1959) is an American author and motivational speaker. He is known for writing self-help books and lectures on success and prosperity.\n\n", "Q122461": "James Kenneth Galbraith (born January 29, 1952) is an American economist who writes frequently for the popular press on economic topics. He is currently a professor at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs and at the Department of Government, University of Texas at Austin. He is also a Senior Scholar with the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College and part of the executive committee of the World Economics Association, created in 2011.", "Q1735157": "Kasper R\u00f8rsted (born 24 February 1962 in Aarhus) is the CEO of German sportwear firm Adidas.\n\n", "Q935011": "Daniel Maskell (11 April 1908 \u2013 10 December 1992) was an English tennis professional who later became even better known as a radio and television commentator on the game. He was recognised as the BBC's \"voice of tennis\", and the \"voice of Wimbledon\".", "Q561963": "Donald Shepard \"Don\" Hewitt (December 14, 1922 \u2013 August 19, 2009) was an American television news producer and executive, best known for creating the CBS television news magazine 60 Minutes in 1968, which at the time of his death was the longest-running prime-time broadcast on American television. Under Hewitt's leadership, 60 Minutes was the only news program ever rated the nation's top-ranked television program, an achievement it accomplished five times. Hewitt produced the first televised presidential debate in 1960.", "Q95423": "Carl Ludwig Kirschbaum (31 January 1812 in Usingen, Duchy of Nassau \u2013 3 March 1880) was a German entomologist, Professor of Biology and Museum Director. Kirschbaum specialised in Auchenorrhyncha. He wrote Die Cicadinen der Gegend von Wiesbaden und Frankfurt a. M. nebst einer Anzahl neuer oder schwer zu unterscheidender Arten aus anderen Gegenden Europas (Jahrb\u00fccher des Nassauischen Vereins f\u00fcr Naturkunde 21: 1-202, 1868) and many other entomological works.\nHis collection is in the Weisebaden Natural History Museum. It contains his own material from Frankfurt and Wiesbaden, but also an extensive material brought to him by Carl von Heyden (mainly from various parts of southern Germany and Switzerland) and Philipp Christoph Zeller (mainly from Sicily). Smaller numbers of specimens were sent to him by Carl August Dohrn (Jena), Arnold F\u00f6rster (Aachen), Fuchs (W.) (Berlin), Gustav Mayr (Wien), Wilhelm Mink (Crefeld), Hermann Rudolph Schaum (Berlin), Adolph Schenck (Weilburg), Carl St\u00e5l (Stockholm) and Peter Friedrich Ludwig Tischbein (Birkenfeld). Altogether, the collection includes 5000 individuals, 333 of which are types published in Die Cicadinen ... . This monograph describes 371 species, 172 new to science.", "Q41114": "Ewha Womans University (Korean: \uc774\ud654\uc5ec\uc790\ub300\ud559\uad50; Hanja: \u68a8\u82b1\u5973\u5b50\u5927\u5b78\u6821) is a private women's university in Seoul, South Korea founded in 1886 by Mary F. Scranton under Emperor Gojong. It is the first founded university in South Korea. It is currently the world's largest female educational institute and is one of the most prestigious universities in South Korea.", "Q162045": "Michael James Owen Pallett (born September 7, 1979) is a Canadian composer, violinist, keyboardist, and vocalist, who performs solo as Owen Pallett or, before 2010, under the name Final Fantasy. As Final Fantasy, he won the 2006 Polaris Music Prize for the album He Poos Clouds.From the age of 3, Pallett studied classical violin, and composed his first piece at age 13. A notable early composition includes some of the music for the game Traffic Department 2192; he moved on to scoring films, to composing two operas while in university. Apart from the indie music scene, he has had commissions from the Barbican, Toronto Symphony Orchestra, National Ballet of Canada, Bang on a Can, Ecstatic Music Festival, the Vancouver CBC Orchestra, and Fine Young Classicals.\nOn his Final Fantasy releases, Pallett has collaborated with Leon Taheny, who is credited as drummer and engineer. Following the release of Heartland, Pallett has toured with guitarist/percussionist Thomas Gill and more recently with his former collaborators in Les Mouches, Rob Gordon and Matt Smith.Pallett has been noted for his live performances, wherein he plays the violin into a loop pedal. Pallett uses Max/MSP and SooperLooper to do multi-phonic looping, which sends his violin signal to amplifiers across the stage.In January 2014, Pallett and William Butler were nominated for Best Original Score at the 86th Academy Awards for their work on Her.", "Q923673": "\u1e62ub\u1e25-i-Azal (Persian: \u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u06cc \u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0632\u0644\u200e)(Morning of Eternity) (1831\u20131912, born M\u00edrz\u00e1 Ya\u1e25y\u00e1 N\u00far\u00ed) was a Persian religious leader of Azali B\u00e1bism also known as the Bay\u00e1n\u00ed Faith.Born in the year 1831, he was orphaned at a very young age and taken into the care of his stepmother, Khad\u00edjih Kh\u00e1num. In 1850, when he was just 19 years old, he was appointed by 'Ali Muhammad Shirazi, known as the B\u00e1b, to lead the B\u00e1b\u00ed community.", "Q1291402": "Kim Sanders (born October 24, 1968 in East Chicago, Indiana) is an American singer and songwriter based in Germany. Sanders began to release singles as a solo artist in 1994 and wrote songs for other musicians. In 1993 and 1994, she released three of her singles, \"Show Me\", \"Tell Me That You Want Me\" and \"Ride\". In 1998, Sanders became the front-woman of the German dance project Culture Beat, on the album Metamorphosis. In 2003, she released her debut album Pretty on Edge, which failed to enter the charts due to the record company placing the incorrect bar code on the album. Although this was a huge setback for Sanders' solo career, she has since collaborated with artists such as Schiller, Aural Float, Stefanie Heinzmann, Till Br\u00f6nner, Nicola Conte and Wolfgang Haffner. Her solo album A Closer Look was released in 2009 with C.A.R.E. Music Group and won the Preis Der Deutschen Schallplatten Kritik (German Recording Critics Prize) in the category of Black Music, in February 2010.\nIn December 2011, Sanders became one of the contestants on German reality talent show The Voice of Germany. In the first season of the show, Sanders performed her cover versions of \"All That She Wants\", \"Killing Me Softly with His Song\" and \"Empire State of Mind (Part II) Broken Down\". She ultimately became one of the four finalists in the first season of the show but she and the other two contestants lost to Ivy Quainoo, with Sanders coming in second.", "Q3572": "Tunis (Arabic: \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u200e T\u016bnis) is the capital and largest city of Tunisia. The greater metropolitan area of Tunis, often referred to as \"Grand Tunis\", has about 2,700,000 inhabitants, making it the third-largest city in the Maghreb region (after Casablanca and Algiers) and the sixteenth-largest in the Arab world. \nSituated on a large Mediterranean Sea gulf (the Gulf of Tunis), behind the Lake of Tunis and the port of La Goulette (\u1e24alq il-W\u0101d), the city extends along the coastal plain and the hills that surround it. At its core lies its ancient medina, a World Heritage Site. East of the medina through the Sea Gate (also known as the Bab el Bhar and the Porte de France) begins the modern city, or Ville Nouvelle, traversed by the grand Avenue Habib Bourguiba (often referred to by popular press and travel guides as \"the Tunisian Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es\"), where the colonial-era buildings provide a clear contrast to smaller, older structures. Further east by the sea lie the suburbs of Carthage, La Marsa, and Sidi Bou Said. As the capital city of the country, Tunis is the focus of Tunisian political and administrative life; it is also the centre of the country's commercial and cultural activities. It has two cultural centres, as well as a municipal theatre that is used by international theatre groups and a summer festival, the International Festival of Carthage, which is held in July.", "Q93052": "Roberto Mario \"Robert\" Fano (11 November 1917 \u2013 13 July 2016) was an Italian-American computer scientist and professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.", "Q675": "Andr\u00e9-Marie Amp\u00e8re (; French: [\u0251\u0303p\u025b\u0281]; 20 January 1775 \u2013 10 June 1836) was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as \"electrodynamics\". He is also the inventor of numerous applications, such as the solenoid (a term coined by him) and the electrical telegraph. An autodidact, Amp\u00e8re was a member of the French Academy of Sciences and professor at the \u00c9cole polytechnique and the Coll\u00e8ge de France.\nThe SI unit of measurement of electric current, the ampere, is named after him. His name is also one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower.", "Q777175": "Pulse (stylised as P\u2022U\u2022L\u2022S\u2022E) is a Pink Floyd concert video taken from the 20 October 1994 concert at Earls Court, London, England in The Division Bell Tour. It was originally released on VHS and Laserdisc in 1995.\nThere was considerable delay in the release of the DVD edition of Pulse, with new features announced with each setback. The cause of the delays was reputed to be the continued modifications and additions to produce a high-quality release. The previous planned release date of 22 September 2005 for the two-disc DVD set was changed to 10 July 2006 for the UK and Europe, and 11 July 2006 everywhere else.", "Q172256": "Antonio Ruiz de Montoya was born in Lima, Peru, on 13 June 1585 and died there on 11 April 1652. He was a Jesuit priest and missionary in the Paraguayan Reductions.", "Q3823569": "Sacred Stone is the second book in The Oregon Files series of novels by best-selling author Clive Cussler and Craig Dirgo. It was released on October 5, 2004 by Berkley.\nThe main character, Juan Cabrillo, is the captain of the Oregon, an ultramodern warship disguised as a decrepit tramp steamer, and with a crew made up of ex-military and intelligence operatives.\nWithin the story are the separate plots that ultimately turn out to be connected to each other. One is the job of supplying security for the emir of Qatar, at a conference in Iceland. The second is to find a missing nuclear bomb. The Oregon's crew also has to pick up a radioactive iridium meteorite recently found in a mysterious ancient shrine, designed by Erik the Red and constructed by his crew. The Stone also holds primordial matter from another world, an oxygen eating microbe.\nThere are also two different bands of fanatics. One is an Islamist group that wants to use the Stone to build a dirty bomb to wipe out London. Tho other, an anti-Islamist, plans to swap the Stone with the Black Stone (referred to as Abraham's Stone) and smash it on the Dome of the Rock.\nThere is also a restaurant in the small victorian coastal town of Hunstanton called The Honeystone. It is highly loved by the local community and is widely referred to as \"The Sacred Stone\"\n\n", "Q1680920": "James Allen Otto (born July 29, 1973) is an American country music artist who is a member of the MuzikMafia, a group of country musicians known for their \"country music without prejudice\". Otto began his career on Mercury Nashville Records in 2002, charting three minor singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts and recording his debut album Days of Our Lives for the label before being dropped in 2004.\nIn late 2007, he signed to Warner Bros. Records. His second album, Sunset Man, was released in April 2008. It was produced by John Rich (of Big & Rich) and Jay DeMarcus (of Rascal Flatts), the latter of whom is Otto's brother-in-law. The lead-off single to Sunset Man, \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\", became Otto's first Number One hit, as well as the Number One country single of 2008 according to Billboard.", "Q725155": "Johan August Anker (26 June 1871 \u2013 2 October 1940) was a Norwegian sailor and yacht designer who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics, in the 1912 Summer Olympics, and in the 1928 Summer Olympics.\n\n", "Q62915": "Jim Kajiya is a pioneer in the field of computer graphics. He is perhaps best known for the development of the rendering equation.\nKajiya received his PhD from the University of Utah in 1979, was a professor at Caltech from 1979 through 1994, and is currently a researcher at Microsoft Research.\n\n", "Q459556": "Carmen Dragon (July 28, 1914 \u2013 March 28, 1984) was an American conductor, composer, and arranger who in addition to live performances and recording, worked in radio, film, and television.", "Q357052": "Josef Vinkl\u00e1\u0159 (10 November 1930 in Pod\u016fl\u0161\u00ed \u2013 18 September 2007 in Prague) was a Czech actor, a member of the National Theatre. He was married to Czech actress Jana D\u00edt\u011btov\u00e1.", "Q2850876": "Anne-Marie Losique (also known by the stage name AML born July 14, 1965) is a television producer, television host and singer in Quebec, Canada. Along with Marc Trudeau, she is co-founder of production company Image Diffusion International. She is the daughter of Serge Losique, president and founder of the Montreal World Film Festival. She's the owner and current CEO of VanessaTV (now VividTV Canada), the first French adult entertainment channel in Quebec.", "Q309648": "Charles Edward Ives (; October 20, 1874 \u2013 May 19, 1954) was an American modernist composer, one of the first American composers of international renown. His music was largely ignored during his early life, and many of his works went unperformed for many years. Later in life, the quality of his music was publicly recognized, and he came to be regarded as an \"American original\". He was also among the first composers to engage in a systematic program of experimental music, with musical techniques including polytonality, polyrhythm, tone clusters, aleatory elements, and quarter tones. His experimentation foreshadowed many musical innovations that were later more widely adopted during the 20th century. Hence, he is often regarded as the leading American composer of art music of the 20th century.Sources of Ives' tonal imagery included hymn tunes and traditional songs; he also incorporated melodies of the town band at holiday parade, the fiddlers at Saturday night dances, patriotic songs, sentimental parlor ballads, and the melodies of Stephen Foster.", "Q150949": "The Power of One is a 1992 drama film loosely based on Bryce Courtenay's 1989 novel of the same name. Set in South Africa during World War II, the film centers on the life of Peter Philip Kenneth-Keith, an English South African boy raised under apartheid, and his conflicted relationships with a German pianist, a Coloured boxing coach and an Afrikaner romantic interest. Directed and edited by John G. Avildsen, the film stars Stephen Dorff, John Gielgud, Morgan Freeman, Armin Mueller-Stahl, and Daniel Craig in his feature film debut.\n\n", "Q8427": "Turkology (or Turcology) is a complex of humanities sciences studying languages, history, literature, folklore, culture, and ethnology of people speaking Turkic languages and Turkic peoples in chronological and comparative context. This includes ethnic groups from the Sakha in East Siberia to the Balkan Turks and Gagauz in Moldova.", "Q25486": "Mary Calvi(born June 11, 1969) is an American television journalist and author of Dear George, Dear Mary: A Novel of George Washington's First Love. She is the co-anchor of CBS2 This Morning and CBS2 At Noon at WCBS-TV in New York City, and the recipient of ten Emmy Awards.", "Q440007": "Anna Skellern (born 27 April 1985) is a United Kingdom-based Australian actress, best known as the first female member of The Chaser's television programme CNNNN.\n\n", "Q4773904": "An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology, and philosophical anthropology study the norms and values of societies. Linguistic anthropology studies how language affects social life, while economic anthropology studies human economic behavior. Biological (physical), forensic, and medical anthropology study the biological development of humans, the application of biological anthropology in a legal setting, and the study of diseases and their impacts on humans over time, respectively.\n==Education==Ricardo Alegria was philosofy social,cultural,linguistic,economic,biological forensi, and medical anthropologist finished when He died on 2011.\nAnthropologists usually cover a breadth of topics within anthropology in their undergraduate education, and then proceed to specialize in topics of their own choice at the graduate level. In some universities, a qualifying exam serves to test both the breadth and depth of a student's understanding of anthropology; the students who pass are permitted to work on a doctoral dissertation.\nAnthropologists typically hold graduate degrees, either doctorates or master's degrees. Not holding an advanced degree is rare in the field. Some anthropologists hold undergraduate degrees in other fields than anthropology and graduate degrees in anthropology.", "Q13134": "Pesaro (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8pe\u02d0zaro] (listen)) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Marche, capital of the Province of Pesaro e Urbino, on the Adriatic Sea. According to the 2011 census, its population was 95,011, making it the second most populous city in the Marche, after Ancona. \nPesaro was dubbed \"Cycling City\" (Citt\u00e0 della Bicicletta) by Italian environmentalist association Legambiente in recognition of its extensive network of bicycle paths and promotion of cycling. \nIt is also known as \"City of Music\" as it is the birthplace of the composer Gioacchino Rossini. In 2015 the Italian Government applied for Pesaro to be declared a \"Creative City\" in UNESCO's World Heritage sites. In 2017 Pesaro received the European City of Sport award together with Aosta, Cagliari and Vicenza.\nLocal industries include fishing, furniture making and tourism.", "Q338495": "North Sea Hijack (released as ffolkes outside the UK and as Assault Force on US TV) is a 1980 British action film starring Roger Moore, James Mason, Anthony Perkins and Michael Parks. It was directed by Andrew V. McLaglen and adapted by Jack Davies from his novel, Esther, Ruth and Jennifer.This film was a vehicle for both Moore and Perkins to try to escape typecasting. Previously, Moore had been practically typecast as a womanising, happy-go-lucky playboy in such series as The Saint, The Persuaders! and James Bond. In contrast to those parts, he portrays a bearded, eccentric, arrogant, cat-loving misogynist with master strategist skills.", "Q86339": "Charlotte Wolff (30 September 1897 \u2013 12 September 1986) was a German-British physician who worked as a psychotherapist and wrote on sexology and hand analysis. Her writings on lesbianism and bisexuality were influential early works in the field.", "Q255137": "Guess Who is a 2005 American comedy film about race relations directed by Kevin Rodney Sullivan. It is a loose remake of Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, a film about a black man marrying a white woman. This film instead focuses on a black woman marrying a white man. The film stars Bernie Mac, Ashton Kutcher, and Zoe Saldana.\nThe majority of the film was filmed in Cranford, New Jersey.", "Q1365": "Swept Away (Italian: Travolti da un insolito destino nell'azzurro mare d'agosto; the full English title is Swept Away... by an Unusual Destiny in the Blue Sea of August; later truncated to simply Swept Away in subsequent releases) is a 1974 Italian adventure comedy-drama romance film written and directed by Lina Wertm\u00fcller and starring Giancarlo Giannini and Mariangela Melato.\nThe film follows a wealthy woman whose yachting vacation with friends in the Mediterranean Sea takes an unexpected turn when she and one of the boat's crew are separated from the others and they become stranded on a deserted island. The woman's capitalist beliefs and the man's communist convictions clash, but during their struggle to survive their situation, their social roles are reversed.Swept Away was released to divisive but largely positive reviews and went on to receive the 1975 National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Award for Top Foreign Film.", "Q4535725": "I'll Take Manhattan is a 1987 American television miniseries, adapted from Judith Krantz's novel of the same name. Screened by CBS, it tells the story of the wealthy Amberville family, who run their own publishing company in New York. After Zachary Amberville, the patriarch of the family, dies, the company is taken over by his unscrupulous brother Cutter. Zachary's children, especially his energetic and intelligent daughter Maxi, begin a battle to regain control of their father's company.\nI'll Take Manhattan was the highest-rated miniseries of the 1986\u201387 US television season with a 22.9/35 rating/share.", "Q1403": "Luigi Pirandello (Italian: [lu\u02c8i\u02d0d\u0292i piran\u02c8d\u025bllo]; 28 June 1867 \u2013 10 December 1936) was an Italian dramatist, novelist, poet, and short story writer whose greatest contributions were his plays. He was awarded the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature for \"his almost magical power to turn psychological analysis into good theatre.\"\nPirandello's works include novels, hundreds of short stories, and about 40 plays, some of which are written in Sicilian. Pirandello's tragic farces are often seen as forerunners of the Theatre of the Absurd.", "Q45414": "Adelaide Clemens (born 30 November 1989) is an Australian actress. She was nominated for a Logie Award in 2008 for her role in the television series Love My Way. In 2012, she played Valentine Wannop in BBC's television miniseries adaptation Parade's End. In Hollywood, Clemens has appeared in X-Men Origins: Wolverine and The Great Gatsby, and starred in Silent Hill: Revelation 3D (as Heather Mason). From 2013 to 2016, she starred in the television series Rectify.\n\n", "Q1277187": "Earl Van Dyke (July 8, 1930 \u2013 September 18, 1992) was an American soul musician, most notable as the main keyboardist for Motown Records' in-house Funk Brothers band during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Q157798": "A watchmaker is an artisan who makes and repairs watches. Since a majority of watches are now factory made, most modern watchmakers only repair watches. However, originally they were master craftsmen who built watches, including all their parts, by hand. Modern watchmakers, when required to repair older watches, for which replacement parts may not be available, must have fabrication skills, and can typically manufacture replacements for many of the parts found in a watch. The term clockmaker refers to an equivalent occupation specializing in clocks.\nMost practising professional watchmakers service current or recent production watches. They seldom fabricate replacement parts. Instead they obtain and fit factory spare parts applicable to the watch brand being serviced. The majority of modern watchmakers, particularly in Switzerland and other countries in Europe, work directly for the watchmaking industry and may have completed a formal watchmaking degree at a technical school. They also receive in-house \"brand\" training at the factory or service center where they are employed. However, some factory service centers have an approach that allows them to use 'non-watchmakers' (called \"op\u00e9rateurs\") who perform only one aspect of the repair process. These highly skilled workers do not have a watchmaking degree or certificate, but are specifically trained 'in-house' as technicians to service a small number of components of the watch in a true 'assembly-line' fashion, (e.g., one type of worker will dismantle the watch movement from the case, another will polish the case and bracelet, another will install the dial and hands, etc.). If genuine watchmakers are employed in such environments, they are usually employed to service the watch movement.\nDue to factory/genuine spare parts restrictions, an increasing minority of watchmakers in the US are 'independent,' meaning that they choose not to work directly for industry or at a factory service center. One major Swiss watch brand \u2013 Rolex \u2013 now pre-qualifies independent watchmakers before they provide them with spare parts. This qualification may include, but is not limited to, holding a modern training certificate from one of several reputable schools; having a workshop environment that meets Rolex's standards for cleanliness; using modern equipment; and being a member of the American Watchmakers-Clockmakers Institute. The Omega brand has the same approach. However, the vast majority of modern Swiss brands do not sell parts to independent watchmakers, irrespective of the watchmaker's expertise, training or credentials. This industry policy is thought to enable Swiss manufacturers to maintain tighter quality control of the after-sales service for its watch brands, produce high margins on after sales services (two to four times what an independent watchmaker would ask), and to lower second-hand watchmaking parts on the used and fake market.", "Q203417": "Sharon Marguerite Gless (born May 31, 1943) is an American actress, who is known for her television roles as Maggie Philbin on Switch (1975\u201378), Sgt. Christine Cagney in the police procedural drama series Cagney & Lacey (1982\u201388), the title role in The Trials of Rosie O'Neill (1990\u201392), Debbie Novotny in the Showtime cable television series Queer as Folk (2000\u20132005), and Madeline Westen on Burn Notice (2007\u20132013). \nA 10-time Emmy Award nominee and seven-time Golden Globe Award nominee, she won a Golden Globe in 1986 and Emmys in 1986 and 1987 for Cagney & Lacey, and a second Golden Globe in 1991 for The Trials of Rosie O'Neill. Gless received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1995.", "Q232812": "Stella Nina McCartney (born 13 September 1971) is an English fashion designer. She is a daughter of American photographer, musician, and animal rights activist Linda McCartney and singer-songwriter Sir Paul McCartney. Like her parents, McCartney is a firm supporter of animal rights and is particularly known for her use of vegetarian and animal-free alternatives in her work.\n\n", "Q7072": "Halberstadt is a town in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt, the capital of Harz district. Located north of the Harz mountain range, it is known for its old town centre that was severely damaged in World War II and rebuilt in the following decades.", "Q23949": "Ezra Dean (April 9, 1795 \u2013 January 25, 1872) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.\nBorn in Hillsdale, New York, Dean attended the common schools.\nIn the War of 1812 was appointed ensign in the Eleventh Regiment of United States Infantry April 17, 1814.\nCommissioned lieutenant October 1, 1814, for meritorious conduct at the sortie of Fort Erie.\nAt the close of the war was placed in command of a revenue cutter on Lake Champlain.\nHe resigned to study law.\nHe was admitted to the bar in Plattsburgh, New York, in 1823.\nHe settled in Wooster, Ohio in 1824 and commenced the practice of law.\nPostmaster of Wooster 1828\u20131832.\nHe served as president judge of the court of common pleas 1834\u20131841.\nDean was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses (March 4, 1841 \u2013 March 4, 1845).\nHe served as chairman of the Committee on the Militia (Twenty-eighth Congress).\nHe was not a candidate for renomination in 1844.\nHe resumed the practice of law in Wooster.\nHe moved to Ironton, Ohio, in 1867, and died there January 25, 1872.\nHe was interred in Woodland Cemetery.\n\n", "Q658182": "Sade ( shah-DAY) are an English band, formed in London in 1982 and named after their lead singer, Sade Adu. Three of their members were originally from Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Their music features elements of soul, quiet storm, smooth jazz and sophisti-pop.\nThe band's debut studio album, Diamond Life (1984), reached number two on the UK Album Chart, selling over 1.2 million copies and won the Brit Award for Best British Album in 1985. The album was also a hit internationally, reaching number one in several countries and within the top-ten in the United States, where it has sold four million copies to date. In late 1985, the band released their second studio effort Promise, which peaked at number one in both the United Kingdom and the US. It was certified double-platinum in the UK and quadruple-platinum in the US. In 1986 Sade won a Grammy Award for Best New Artist. Their fifth studio album, Lovers Rock (2000), won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album. Their sixth studio album, Soldier of Love (2010), peaked at number four in the UK and number one in the US. In 2011, the band won their fourth Grammy for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals.Sade's US certified sales so far stand at 23.5 million units according to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and have sold more than 75 million records worldwide to date. The band were ranked at No. 50 on VH1's list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time.\"", "Q8341": "Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States. It originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime. Jazz is seen by many as \"America's classical music\". Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as \"one of America's original art forms\".As jazz spread around the world, it drew on national, regional, and local musical cultures, which gave rise to different styles. New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, a hard-swinging, bluesy, improvisational style and Gypsy jazz (a style that emphasized musette waltzes) were the prominent styles. Bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging \"musician's music\" which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed near the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, linear melodic lines.\nThe 1950s saw the emergence of free jazz, which explored playing without regular meter, beat and formal structures, and in the mid-1950s, hard bop emerged, which introduced influences from rhythm and blues, gospel, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing. Modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock music's rhythms, electric instruments, and highly amplified stage sound. In the early 1980s, a commercial form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful, garnering significant radio airplay. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin and Afro-Cuban jazz.", "Q176756": "Sebastian Fabian Klonowic (1545 Sulmierzyce \u2013 29 August 1602 Lublin) was a Polish poet and composer.\n\n", "Q1583249": "The USC School of Cinematic Arts (commonly referred to as SCA)\u2014formerly the USC School of Cinema-Television, otherwise known as CNTV\u2014is a private media school within the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California. The school offers multiple undergraduate and graduate programs covering film production, screenwriting, cinema and media studies, animation and digital arts, media arts + practice, and interactive media & games. Additional programs include the Peter Stark Producing Program and the Business of Entertainment (offered in conjunction with the USC Marshall School of Business MBA Program).\nIt is the oldest, largest, and arguably most reputable such school in the United States, established in 1929 as a joint venture with the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Having been ranked as one of the best film schools in the world on several occasions, SCA has most notably topped THR's ranking for seven consecutive years. As such, admission into the school is extremely competitive, with an estimated 2\u20133% acceptance rate.", "Q1795487": "Drew University is a private university in Madison, New Jersey. Drew has been nicknamed the \"University in the Forest\" because of its wooded 186-acre (75 ha) campus. As of fall 2017, more than 2,000 students were pursuing degrees at the university's three schools.In 1867, financier and railroad tycoon Daniel Drew purchased an estate in Madison to establish a theological seminary to train candidates for Methodist ministry. The seminary later expanded to offer an undergraduate liberal arts curriculum in 1928 and graduate studies in 1955. The College of Liberal Arts, serving 1,417 undergraduate students, offers strong concentrations in the natural sciences, social sciences, languages and literatures, humanities and the arts, and in several interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary fields. The Drew Theological School, the third-oldest of thirteen Methodist seminaries affiliated with the United Methodist Church, currently enrolls 436 students preparing for careers in the ministry and the academic study of theology.The Caspersen School of Graduate Studies, enrolling 351 graduate students, offers master's and doctoral degrees in a variety of specialized and interdisciplinary fields.While affiliated with the Methodist faith, Drew University makes no religious demands of its students. Although many of the Theological School's students and faculty are Methodists, students of all faiths are admitted to any program within the university. The United Methodist Church's General Commission on Archives and History is located on campus; the Commission maintains an archive of Methodist records and artifacts from the 19th century to the present.", "Q927373": "The Prague Conservatory or Prague Conservatoire (Czech: Pra\u017esk\u00e1 konzervato\u0159) is a music school in Prague, Czech Republic, founded in 1808. Currently, Prague Conservatory offers four or six year study courses, which can be compared to the level of high school diploma in other countries. Graduates of Prague Conservatory can continue their training by enrolling in an institution that offers undergraduate education.", "Q3214": "Cottbus (German pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u0254tb\u028as] (listen); Lower Sorbian: Ch\u00f3\u015bebuz, pronounced [\u02c8x\u0268\u0255\u025bbus]) is a university city and the second-largest city in Brandenburg, Germany. Situated around 125 km (78 mi) southeast of Berlin, on the River Spree, Cottbus is also a major railway junction with extensive sidings/depots. Although only a small Sorbian minority lives in Cottbus itself, the city is considered as the political and cultural center of the Sorbs in Lower Lusatia.", "Q105960": "William Horatio Powell (July 29, 1892 \u2013 March 5, 1984) was an American actor. A major star at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, he was paired with Myrna Loy in 14 films, including the Thin Man series based on the Nick and Nora Charles characters created by Dashiell Hammett. Powell was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor three times: for The Thin Man (1934), My Man Godfrey (1936), and Life with Father (1947).", "Q778520": "Diana Turbay Quintero (b. March 9, 1950 \u2013 d. January 25, 1991) was a Colombian journalist kidnapped by the Medell\u00edn Cartel and killed by the Colombia National Police during a botched rescue attempt. Her story has been portrayed in a non-fiction book by Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez and onscreen.\n\n", "Q510624": "William Towns (1936\u20131993) also known as Bill Towns was a British car designer.", "Q353552": "Mikhail Iosifovich Gurevich (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0418\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447) (12 January 1893 [O.S. 31 December 1892] \u2013 12 November 1976) was a Soviet aircraft designer who co-founded the Mikoyan-Gurevich military aviation bureau along with Artem Mikoyan. The bureau is famous for its fighter aircraft, rapid interceptors and multi-role combat aircraft which were staples of the Soviet Air Forces throughout the Cold War. The bureau designed 170 projects of which 94 were made in series. In total, 45,000 MiG aircraft have been manufactured domestically, of which 11,000 aircraft were exported. The last plane which Gurevich personally worked on before his retirement was the MiG-25.\n\n", "Q315507": "Manuel Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn del Coraz\u00f3n de Jes\u00fas Belgrano y Gonz\u00e1lez (3 June 1770 \u2013 20 June 1820), usually referred to as Manuel Belgrano (Spanish pronunciation: [m\u00e3\u02c8nwel \u03b2el\u02c8\u0263\u027eano]), was an Argentine economist, lawyer, politician, and military leader. He took part in the Argentine Wars of Independence and created the Flag of Argentina. He is regarded as one of the main Libertadores of the country.\nBelgrano was born in Buenos Aires, the fourth child of Italian businessman Domingo Belgrano y Peri and Josefa Casero. He came into contact with the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment while at university in Spain around the time of the French Revolution. Upon his return to the Viceroyalty of the R\u00edo de la Plata, where he became a notable member of the criollo population of Buenos Aires, he tried to promote some of the new political and economic ideals, but found severe resistance from local peninsulars. This rejection led him to work towards a greater autonomy for his country from the Spanish colonial regime. At first, he unsuccessfully promoted the aspirations of Carlota Joaquina to become a regent ruler for the Viceroyalty during the period the Spanish King Ferdinand VII was imprisoned during the Peninsular War (1807\u20131814). He favoured the May Revolution, which removed the viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros from power on 25 May 1810. He was elected as a voting member of the Primera Junta that took power after the ouster.\nAs a delegate for the Junta, he led the ill-fated Paraguay campaign. His troops were defeated by Bernardo de Velasco at the battles of Campichuelo and Paraguar\u00ed. Though he was defeated, the campaign initiated the chain of events that led to the Independence of Paraguay in May 1811. He retreated to the vicinity of Rosario, to fortify it against a possible royalist attack from the Eastern Band of the Uruguay River. While there, he created the flag of Argentina. The First Triumvirate did not approve the flag, but because of slow communications, Belgrano would only learn of that many weeks later, while reinforcing the Army of the North at Jujuy. There, knowing he was at a strategic disadvantage against the royalist armies coming from Upper Peru, Belgrano ordered the Jujuy Exodus, which evacuated the entire population of Jujuy Province to San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n. His counter-offensive at the Battle of Tucum\u00e1n resulted in a key strategic victory, and it was soon followed by a complete victory over the royalist army of P\u00edo Trist\u00e1n at the Battle of Salta. However, his deeper incursions into Upper Per\u00fa led to defeats at Vilcapugio and Ayohuma, leading the Second Triumvirate to order his replacement as Commander of the Army of the North by the newly arrived Jos\u00e9 de San Mart\u00edn. By then, the Asamblea del A\u00f1o XIII had approved the use of Belgrano's flag as the national war flag.\nBelgrano then went on a diplomatic mission to Europe along with Bernardino Rivadavia to seek support for the revolutionary government. He returned in time to take part in the Congress of Tucum\u00e1n, which declared Argentine Independence (1816). He promoted the Inca plan to create a constitutional monarchy with an Inca descendant as Head of State. This proposal had the support of San Mart\u00edn, Mart\u00edn Miguel de G\u00fcemes, and many provincial delegates, but was strongly rejected by the delegates from Buenos Aires. The Congress of Tucum\u00e1n approved the use of his flag as the national flag. After this, Belgrano again took command of the Army of the North, but his mission was limited to protecting San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n from royalist advances while San Mart\u00edn prepared the Army of the Andes for an alternative offensive across the Andes. When Buenos Aires was about to be invaded by Jos\u00e9 Gervasio Artigas and Estanislao L\u00f3pez, he moved the Army southwards, but his troops mutinied in January 1820. Belgrano died of dropsy on 20 June 1820. His last words reportedly were: \"\u00a1Ay, Patria m\u00eda!\" (Oh, my country!).", "Q674468": "Piz Argient (3,945 m) is a mountain in the Bernina Range of the Alps on the border between Italy and the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. \nThe peak is bounded to the north by the Morteratsch Glacier, to the west by the Upper Scerscen Glacier, and to the south and east by the Fellaria Glacier. It is separated from Piz Zup\u00f2 to its east by the Fuorcla dal Zup\u00f2 (3,851 m) and from Crast' Ag\u00fczza to its north-west by the Fuorcla da l'Argient (3,705 m).", "Q577867": "The Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Kr\u00f3lestwo Polskie [kru\u02c8l\u025bstf\u0254 \u02c8p\u0254lsk\u02b2\u025b]; Latin: Regnum Poloniae) was the Polish state from the coronation of the first King Boles\u0142aw I the Brave in 1025 to the union with Lithuania and the rule of the Jagiellonian dynasty in 1385.", "Q1395670": "Fania Records is a New York based record label founded by Dominican-born composer and bandleader Johnny Pacheco and Brooklyn born Italian-American ex New York City Police Officer turned lawyer Jerry Masucci in 1964. The label took its name from a popular luncheonette frequented by musicians in Havana, Cuba that Masucci frequented when he worked for a public relations firm there during the pre-Castro era. Fania is known for its promotion of Salsa music.", "Q442176": "Lynsey Marie Bartilson (born July 1, 1983) is an American actress, dancer, and singer. She is best known for playing Lily Finnerty on the Fox/WB sitcom Grounded for Life.", "Q58323": "Thongloun Sisoulith ,\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1014\u103a \u101e\u102d\u101e\u102f\u101c\u102d\u1012\u103a (Lao: \u0e97\u0ead\u0e87\u0ea5\u0eb8\u0e99 \u0eaa\u0eb5\u0eaa\u0eb8\u0ea5\u0eb4\u0e94; born 10 November 1946) is a Laotian politician who has been Prime Minister of Laos since 2016. Previously he was Deputy Prime Minister from 2001 to 2016, as well as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2016. He is a politburo member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, ranking fourth.\nHe was chosen to become Prime Minister of Laos at the 10th Party Congress on 23 January 2016.", "Q152838": "The University of G\u00f6ttingen, officially the Georg August University of G\u00f6ttingen, (German: Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen, known informally as Georgia Augusta) is a public research university in the city of G\u00f6ttingen, Germany. Founded in 1734 by George II, King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, and starting classes in 1737, the Georgia Augusta was conceived to promote the ideals of the Enlightenment. It is the oldest university in the state of Lower Saxony and the largest in student enrollment, which stands at around 31,600.\nHome to many noted figures, it represents one of Germany's historic and traditional institutions. As of October 2019, 45 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the University of G\u00f6ttingen as alumni, faculty members or researchers.\nThe University of G\u00f6ttingen was previously supported by the German Universities Excellence Initiative, holds memberships to the U15 Group of major German research universities and to the Coimbra Group of major European research universities. Furthermore, the university maintains strong connections with major research institutes based in G\u00f6ttingen, such as those of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science and the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Scientific Community. With approximately 9 million media units, the G\u00f6ttingen State and University Library ranks among the largest libraries in Germany.", "Q675776": "Leslie Richard \"Arliss\" Howard (born October 18, 1954) is an American actor, writer and film director.", "Q228692": "Rosario Isabel Dawson (born May 9, 1979) is an American actress and singer. She made her feature film debut in the 1995 independent drama Kids. Her subsequent film roles include He Got Game (1998), Josie and the Pussycats (2001), Men in Black II (2002), Rent (2005), Sin City (2005), Clerks II (2006), Death Proof (2007), Unstoppable (2010), and Top Five (2014). Dawson has also provided voice-over work for Disney, Warner Bros., DC Comics, and ViacomCBS' Nickelodeon unit.\nFor her role in Rent, Dawson won the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Motion Picture; for her role in Top Five, she was nominated for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress in a Comedy.\nDawson is also known for having several roles in comic book adaptations. These include Gail in Sin City (2005) and Sin City: A Dame to Kill For (2014), providing the voices of Diana Prince / Wonder Woman in the DC Animated Movie Universe and Barbara Gordon / Batgirl in The Lego Batman Movie, as well as her portrayal of Claire Temple in five of the Marvel/Netflix series: Daredevil (2015\u20132016), Jessica Jones (2015), Luke Cage (2016\u20132018), Iron Fist and The Defenders (both 2017).", "Q51461": "David Samuel Peckinpah (; February 21, 1925 \u2013 December 28, 1984) was an American film director and screenwriter who achieved prominence following the release of the Western epic The Wild Bunch (1969). He was known for the visually innovative and explicit depiction of action and violence as well as his revisionist approach to the Western genre.\nPeckinpah's films generally deal with the conflict between values and ideals, as well as the corruption and violence in human society. His characters are often loners or losers who desire to be honorable, but are forced to compromise in order to survive in a world of nihilism and brutality. He was given the nickname \"Bloody Sam\" owing to the violence in his films.\nPeckinpah's combative personality, marked by years of alcohol and drug abuse, affected his professional legacy. Many of his films were noted for behind-the-scenes battles with producers and crew members, damaging his reputation and career during his lifetime. Some of his films, including Major Dundee (1965), Straw Dogs (1971), The Getaway (1972), Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973), Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia (1974) and Cross of Iron (1977), remain controversial.", "Q541319": "Lieli is a village in the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland. The former municipality of the district of district of Hochdorf merged with Hohenrain on January 1, 2007 to form Hohenrain.", "Q1242128": "For the 18th-century and 19th-century burials, see Donskoy Monastery.\nThe New Donskoy Cemetery (\u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435) is a 20th-century necropolis sprawling to the south from the Donskoy Monastery in the south-west of Central Moscow. It has been closed for new burials since the 1980s.", "Q3200": "Salzgitter (German pronunciation: [zalt\u0361s\u02c8\u0261\u026at\u0250] (listen); Eastphalian: Soltgitter) is an independent city in southeast Lower Saxony, Germany, located between Hildesheim and Braunschweig. Together with Wolfsburg and Braunschweig, Salzgitter is one of the seven Oberzentren of Lower Saxony (roughly equivalent to a metropolitan area). With 101,079 inhabitants and 223.92 square kilometres (86.46 sq mi) (as of 31 December 2015), its area is the largest in Lower Saxony and one of the largest in Germany. Salzgitter originated as a conglomeration of several small towns and villages, and is today made up of 31 boroughs, which are relatively compact conurbations with wide stretches of open country between them. The main shopping street of the young city is in the borough of Lebenstedt, and the central business district is in the borough of Salzgitter-Bad. The city is connected to the Mittellandkanal and the Elbe Lateral Canal by a distributary. The nearest metropolises are Braunschweig, about 23 kilometres (14 miles) to the northeast, and Hanover, about 51 km (32 miles) to the northwest. The population of the City of Salzgitter has exceeded 100,000 inhabitants since its foundation in 1942 (which made it a city (Gro\u00dfstadt) in contrast to a town (Stadt) by the German definition), when it was still called Watenstedt-Salzgitter. Beside Wolfsburg, Leverkusen and Eisenh\u00fcttenstadt, Salzgitter is therefore one of the few cities in Germany founded during the 20th century.", "Q11051": "Hindustani (Devanagari: \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0940, Nastaliq[a]: \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc, lit. \"of Hindustan\"), known in its literary forms as Hindi\u2013Urdu (Devanagari: \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940-\u0909\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0942, Nastaliq: \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u06cc-\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648) and historically as Hindi, Hindavi, Rekhta, Dehlavi and Urdu, is the lingua franca of Northern India and Pakistan. It is an Indo-Aryan language, deriving its base primarily from the Western Hindi dialect of Delhi, also known as Khariboli. Hindustani is a pluricentric language, with two standardised registers, Modern Standard Hindi and Modern Standard Urdu.The language's first written poetry, in the form of Old Hindi, can be traced to as early as 769 AD. During the period of Delhi Sultanate in India which resulted in the contact of Hindu and Muslim cultures, the Prakrit base of Old Hindi became enriched with loanwords from Persian, evolving into the present form of Hindustani. The Hindustani vernacular became an expression of Indian national unity during the Indian Independence movement, and continues to be spoken as the common language of the people of the northern Indian subcontinent, which is reflected in the Hindustani vocabulary of Bollywood films and songs.The language's core vocabulary is derived from Prakrit (a descendant of Sanskrit), with substantial loanwords from Persian and Arabic (via Persian). The number of speakers can only be estimated. Ethnologue reports that, as of 2019, Hindi and Urdu together constitute the 3rd-most-spoken language in the world after English and Mandarin, with 785 million native and second-language speakers, though this includes millions who self-reported their language as 'Hindi' on the Indian census but speak a number of other Hindi languages than Hindustani. The total number of Hindi\u2013Urdu speakers was reported to be over 300 million in 1995, making Hindustani the third- or fourth-most spoken language in the world.", "Q3127603": "Harold Edmond Monteith (2 October 1900 \u2013 9 September 1963) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Verdun, Quebec and became an agent and merchant.\nHe was elected at the Verdun riding in the 1958 general election after unsuccessful attempts to win there in 1953 and 1957. After serving his only federal term, the 24th Canadian Parliament, he was defeated by Bryce Mackasey of the Liberal party in the 1962 election.\nMonteith died at Eastman, Quebec aged 62, survived by his wife and two sons.", "Q827415": "The Union for French Democracy (French: Union pour la d\u00e9mocratie fran\u00e7aise, UDF) was a centre-right political party in France. It was founded in 1978 as an electoral alliance to support President Val\u00e9ry Giscard d'Estaing in order to counterbalance the Gaullist preponderance over the political right in France. This name was chosen due to the title of Giscard d'Estaing's 1976 book, D\u00e9mocratie fran\u00e7aise. The party brought together Christian democrats, liberals and radicals, and non-Gaullist conservatives, and described itself as centrist.The founding parties of the UDF were Giscard's Republican Party (PR), the Centre of Social Democrats (CDS), the Radical Party (Rad.), the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the Perspectives and Realities Clubs (CPR). The UDF was most frequently a junior partner in coalitions with the Gaullist Rally for the Republic (RPR) and its successor party, the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). Prior to its dissolution, the UDF became a single entity, due to the defection of Republicans, Radicals and most Christian Democrats to the UMP and the merger of the other centrist components. The UDF effectively ceased to exist by the end of 2007, and its membership and assets were transferred to its successor party, the Democratic Movement (MoDem). The UDF's final leader was Fran\u00e7ois Bayrou, who transferred his leadership to MoDem.", "Q965154": "Terrorizer is an American grindcore band formed in 1986 in Los Angeles, California, United States. After disbanding, its members gained recognition by playing in influential extreme metal bands, such as Morbid Angel (David Vincent, Pete Sandoval), Napalm Death (Jesse Pintado) and Nausea (Oscar Garcia, Alfred \"Garvey\" Estrada). To date, Terrorizer has released four studio albums, and broken up twice (once in 1989 and another in 2006). The band reunited again in 2009, this time without Pintado, who had died three years earlier.", "Q355137": "Mihai Tr\u0103istariu (Romanian pronunciation: [mi\u02c8haj tr\u0259jsta\u02c8ri.u]; born December 16, 1979 in Constan\u021ba, Romania), also known as simply Mihai (stylized as M I H A I or MIHAI), is a Romanian singer and songwriter. He is best known for representing Romania at the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 held in Athens, Greece, where he placed 4th with his song, \"Torner\u00f2\". The track gained commercial success, selling over one million units worldwide and influencing the trajectory of Tr\u0103istariu's career.", "Q1179660": "Donald Earle DeGrate Jr. (born September 29, 1969), better known by his stage name DeVant\u00e9 Swing, is an American record producer, singer, rapper and songwriter.", "Q164346": "Einar Henry Gerhardsen (16 May 1897 \u2013 19 September 1987) was a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party of Norway. He was Prime Minister for three periods, 1945\u20131951, 1955\u20131963 and 1963\u20131965. With 17 years in office, he is the longest serving Prime Minister in Norway since the introduction of parliamentarism. Many Norwegians often refer to him as \"Landsfaderen\" (Father of the Nation); he is generally considered one of the main architects of the rebuilding of Norway after World War II. He also served as the second President of the Nordic Council in 1954.", "Q295307": "Salvatore Schillaci (Italian pronunciation: [salva\u02c8to\u02d0re skil\u02c8la\u02d0t\u0283i]; born 1 December 1964), commonly referred to by his nickname Tot\u00f2, is an Italian former footballer, who played as a striker. During his club career, he played for Messina (1982\u20131989), Juventus (1989\u20131992), Internazionale (1992\u20131994) and J\u00fabilo Iwata (1994\u20131997).At the international level he was the surprise star of the 1990 FIFA World Cup, as he helped Italy to a third-place finish on home soil. Coming on as substitute in Italy's first game, Schillaci went on to score six goals throughout the World Cup, claiming the Golden Boot as the leading goalscorer, and received the Golden Ball as player of the tournament ahead of established stars Lothar Matth\u00e4us and Diego Maradona, who came second and third respectively. A champion Australian thoroughbred racehorse (see Schillaci) was named after him following his performances at the 1990 FIFA World Cup. That year he also placed second in the 1990 Ballon d'Or, behind Matth\u00e4us.", "Q26825": "Herodotus (; Ancient Greek: \u1f29\u03c1\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, H\u0113r\u00f3dotos, Attic Greek pronunciation: [h\u025b\u02d0.r\u00f3.do.tos]; c.\u2009484 \u2013 c.\u2009425 BC) was an ancient Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus in the Persian Empire (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey). He is known for having written the book The Histories (Greek: \u1f39\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03b9 Histor\u00edai), a detailed record of his \"inquiry\" (\u1f31\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 histor\u00eda) on the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars. He is widely considered to have been the first writer to have treated historical subjects using a method of systematic investigation\u2014specifically, by collecting his materials and then critically arranging them into an historiographic narrative. On account of this, he is often referred to as \"The Father of History\", a title first conferred on him by the first-century BC Roman orator Cicero.Despite Herodotus's historical significance, little is known about his personal life. His Histories primarily deals with the lives of Croesus, Cyrus, Cambyses, Smerdis, Darius, and Xerxes and the battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, Artemisium, Salamis, Plataea, and Mycale; however, his many cultural, ethnographical, geographical, historiographical, and other digressions form a defining and essential part of the Histories and contain a wealth of information. Herodotus has been criticized for the fact that his book includes many obvious legends and fanciful accounts. Many authors, starting with the late fifth-century BC historian Thucydides, have accused him of making up stories for entertainment. However, Herodotus states that he is merely reporting what he has seen and been told, on several occasions saying that he does not himself believe the story that he reports. A sizable portion of the information he provides has since been confirmed by historians and archaeologists.", "Q526382": "Nikola Fichev (Bulgarian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0424\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0432) (1800 Direnova, Ottoman Empire - 1881 Veliko T\u016drnovo, Principality of Bulgaria), commonly known as Kolyu Ficheto (Bulgarian: \u041a\u043e\u043b\u044e \u0424\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e) or with his Turkish honorific Usta (Master) Kolyu Ficheto, was a Bulgarian National Revival architect, builder and sculptor born in Dryanovo (then called Direnova) in 1800.\nLeft an orphan without a father at the age of three, Kolyu Ficheto was taught craftsmanship by the masterhands in the Trevne town (today Tryavna) since he was ten. He learned stonecutting in the town of G\u00f6rice (today Kor\u00e7\u00eb in Albania) when he was 17, and then mastered the construction of churches, bell towers and bridges from the craftsmen in Bratsigovo.\nKolyu Ficheto became a journeyman at the age of 23 and was fully recognized as a master craftsman by the whole builders' guild at 36. Aside from his native language Bulgarian, he spoke fluent Turkish and good Greek and Romanian, but was illiterate, unable to read and write. Kolyu Ficheto is known for having lain under one of his own bridges to guarantee its safety with his life.\nFichev died in Veliko Tarnovo, where he was buried, in 1881.\nSome of his notable works include the Byala Bridge (\u0411\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442, Belenski most) over the Yantra River close to Byala (1865-1867), the Covered Bridge in Lovech over the Osam (1872-1874), churches in his native town, as well as in Svishtov (Church of the Holy Trinity, 1867) and Veliko Tarnovo (1844), where he also designed a number of houses and public buildings.", "Q170333": "Johann Mattheson (28 September 1681 \u2013 17 April 1764) was a German composer, singer, writer, lexicographer, diplomat and music theorist.\nMattheson was born and died in Hamburg. He was a close friend of George Frideric Handel, although he nearly killed him in a sudden quarrel, during a performance of Mattheson's opera Cleopatra in 1704. Handel was saved only by a large button which turned aside Mattheson's sword. The two were afterwards reconciled and remained in correspondence for life: shortly after his friend's death, Mattheson translated John Mainwaring's Handel biography into German and had it published in Hamburg at his own expense (\"auf Kosten des \u00dcbersetzers\") in 1761.The son of a well-to-do tax collector, Mattheson received a broad liberal education and, aside from general musical training, took lessons in keyboard instruments, violin, composition and singing. By age nine he was singing and playing organ in church and was a member of the chorus of the Hamburg opera. He made his solo debut with the Hamburg opera in 1696 in female roles and, after his voice changed, sang tenor at the opera, conducted rehearsals and composed operas himself. He was cantor at St. Mary's Cathedral from 1718 until increasing deafness led to his retirement from that post in 1728.Mattheson's chief occupation from 1706 was as a professional diplomat. He had studied English in school and spoke it fluently. He became tutor to the son of the English ambassador Sir John Wich and then secretary to the ambassador. He went on diplomatic missions abroad representing the ambassador. In 1709 he married an English woman.After his death in 1764, Johann Mattheson was buried in the vault of Hamburg's St. Michaelis' Church where his grave can be visited.Mattheson is mainly famous as a music theorist. He was the most abundant writer on performance practice, theatrical style, and harmony of the German Baroque. He is particularly important for his work on the relationship of the disciplines of rhetoric and music, for example in Das neu-er\u00f6ffnete Orchestre and Der vollkommene Capellmeister. However his books raise more and more attention and suspicion because Mattheson was a brilliant polemist and his theories on music are often full of pedantry and pseudo-erudition.The bulk of his compositional output was vocal, including eight operas, and numerous oratorios and cantatas. He also wrote a few sonatas and some keyboard music, including pieces meant for keyboard instruction. All of his music, except for one opera, one oratorio, and a few collections of instrumental music, went missing after World War II, but was given back to Hamburg from Yerevan, Armenia, in 1998. This includes four operas and most of the oratorios. The manuscripts are now located at the Staats- und Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Hamburg, the former Hamburg Stadtbibliothek (City Library).", "Q255645": "\u015eebnem Ferah (born 12 April 1972) is a Turkish singer, songwriter, composer, and guitarist. She was the lead vocalist of the all-female hard rock band Volvox until 1994, after which she went on to pursue an illustrious solo career. Her music style varies from pop rock to hard rock though her later albums have progressively incorporated more of the hard rock sound.", "Q91137": "Fyodor Avgustovich Stepun (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0410\u0301\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0301\u043d; February 18, 1884 \u2013 February 23, 1965) (also known as Friedrich Steppuhn) was a Russian and German writer, philosopher, historian and sociologist.\n\n", "Q139055": "Gaetano Martino (25 November 1900 \u2013 21 July 1967) was an Italian politician, physician and university teacher.", "Q45400": "Port Arthur is a city in Jefferson County within the Beaumont\u2013Port Arthur metropolitan area of the U.S. state of Texas. A small, uninhabited portion extends into Orange County. It is 90 mi (140 km) east of Houston. The largest oil refinery in the United States is located in Port Arthur.The population of Port Arthur was 53,818 at the 2010 census, down from 57,755 at the 2000 census. Early attempts at settlements in the area had all failed. However, in 1895, Arthur Stilwell founded Port Arthur, and the town quickly grew. Port Arthur was incorporated as a city in 1898 and soon developed into a seaport. It eventually became the center of a large oil refinery network. The Rainbow Bridge across the Neches River connects Port Arthur to Bridge City.", "Q1417": "Vitellius (; Latin: Aulus Vitellius Germanicus Augustus; 24 September 15 \u2013 22 December 69 AD) was Roman Emperor for eight months, from 16 April to 22 December 69 AD. Vitellius was proclaimed emperor following the quick succession of the previous emperors Galba and Otho, in a year of civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. Vitellius was the first to add the honorific cognomen Germanicus to his name instead of Caesar upon his accession. Like his direct predecessor, Otho, Vitellius attempted to rally public support to his cause by honoring and imitating Nero who remained widely popular in the empire.\nHis claim to the throne was soon challenged by legions stationed in the eastern provinces, who proclaimed their commander Vespasian emperor instead. War ensued, leading to a crushing defeat for Vitellius at the Second Battle of Bedriacum in northern Italy. Once he realised his support was wavering, Vitellius prepared to abdicate in favor of Vespasian. He was not allowed to do so by his supporters, resulting in a brutal battle for Rome between Vitellius' forces and the armies of Vespasian. He was executed in Rome by Vespasian's soldiers on 22 December 69.", "Q959875": "H\u00e9ctor Tiz\u00f3n (October 21, 1929 \u2013 July 30, 2012) was an Argentinian writer, journalist, lawyer, judge, politician, and diplomat. He won the Diamond Konex Award in 2004 as the most important writer of the decade in his country.", "Q203403": "Saint John is a seaport city of the Atlantic Ocean located on the Bay of Fundy in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. Saint John is the oldest incorporated city in Canada, established by royal charter on May 18 1785 during the reign of King George III. The port is Canada's third largest port by tonnage with a cargo base that includes dry and liquid bulk, break bulk, containers, and cruise. Historically New Brunswick's largest city, in 2016 the city fell to second place, with a population of 67,575 over an area of 315.82 km2 (121.94 sq mi). Greater Saint John covers a land area of 3,362.95 km2 (1,298.44 sq mi) across the Caledonia Highlands, with a growing population of 126,202 (as of 2016).French colonist Samuel de Champlain landed at Saint John Harbour on June 24, 1604 (the feast of St. John the Baptist) and is where the Saint John River gets its name although Mi'kmaq and Maliseet peoples lived in the region for thousands of years prior calling the river Wolastoq. The Saint John area was an important area for trade and defence for Acadia during the French colonial era and Fort La Tour, in the city's harbour, was a pivotal battleground during the Acadian Civil War..\nAfter over a century of ownership disputes over the land surrounding Saint John between the French and English, the English deported the French colonists in 1755 and constructed Fort Howe above the harbour in 1779. In 1785, the City of Saint John was established by uniting the two towns of Parrtown and Carleton on each side of the harbour after the arrival of thousands of refugees from the American Revolution who wished to remain British and were forced to leave their U.S. homes. Over the next century, waves of immigration via Partridge Island, especially during the Great Famine, would fundamentally change the city's demographics and culture.", "Q863257": "William Richard Vaughn (April 12, 1919 \u2013 September 26, 1991) was an American singer, multi-instrumentalist, orchestra leader, and A&R man for Dot Records.\n\n", "Q438816": "Ivan Bogorov (Bulgarian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432) (1818\u20131892) was a noted Bulgarian encyclopedist from the time of the National Revival. Educated in medicine, he also worked in the spheres of industry, economy, transport, geography, journalism and linguistics.\nBorn in Karlovo in 1818, Bogorov studied at the Phanar Greek Orthodox College in Istanbul, and at 19 he moved to Odessa to study at the Richelieu High School. In 1841, he published the Bulgarian coat of arms from Hristofor Zhefarovich's Stemmatographia (1741). For some time, Bogorov travelled to Bucharest, Svishtov, Veliko Tarnovo, Kazanlak (which he called \"Izvornik\") and Gabrovo before settling in Stara Zagora (\"Veta Zagora\"). He promoted education in Bulgarian as opposed to Greek during his journeys. In Stara Zagora, he wrote the first Bulgarian grammar book, which he printed in Bucharest in 1844. He then moved to Leipzig (\"Lipiska\"), where he issued the first Bulgarian newspaper, Balgarskiy orel (Bulgarian Eagle) in 1846, two years after Konstantin Fotinov's first Bulgarian magazine, Lyuboslovie. Bogorov returned to Istanbul, where he worked for the Tsarigradski Vestnik newspaper, and then moved to Paris to study medicine. After that, Bogorov settled in Plovdiv to work as a doctor. There, he also issued the Journal for Science, Handicrafts and Trade. He participated in the release of several other newspapers, journals and books, and prepared the Academic Bulgarian Dictionary and the first French-Bulgarian (1869) and Bulgarian-French (1871) dictionary. Bogorov also translated Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe into Bulgarian and issued a collection of Bulgarian folk songs (1842). He also authored a book on the geography of the European part of the Ottoman Empire.\nBogorov was known as a passionate defender of linguistic purism, and in his attempts to counter Greek and Russian influence on Bulgarian he introduced a number of rare dialectal words and neologisms to the literary language. Although many of these were considered amusing and funny-sounding by his contemporaries, a large number have successfully become an inseparable part of Bulgarian vocabulary.", "Q382109": "Amasa Leland Stanford (March 9, 1824 \u2013 June 21, 1893) was an American industrialist and politician. He is the founder (with his wife, Jane) of Stanford University. Migrating to California from New York at the time of the Gold Rush, he became a successful merchant and wholesaler, and continued to build his business empire. He spent one two-year term as Governor of California after his election in 1861, and later eight years as a United States Senator. As president of Central Pacific Railroad, beginning in 1861, and later Southern Pacific, he had tremendous power in the region and a lasting impact on California. He is widely considered a robber baron.", "Q3067555": "Mario V\u00e1zquez Ra\u00f1a (7 June 1932 \u2013 8 February 2015) was a Mexican businessman and sports administrator, who served on both national and Olympic committees. He served as a member of the Executive Board of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC) until 2012. He was the President of the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO).\nOn 5 April 2008, V\u00e1zquez Ra\u00f1a received international press attention for his statement that the situation in Tibet \"is a Chinese problem\" that is \"not an issue for the Olympic Games.\"", "Q81324": "Bret Sergeant Hart (born July 2, 1957) is a Canadian-American retired professional wrestler, amateur wrestler, writer and actor. A member of the Hart wrestling family and a second-generation wrestler, he has an amateur wrestling background, wrestling at Ernest Manning High School and Mount Royal College. A major international draw within professional wrestling, he has been credited with changing the perception of mainstream North-American professional wrestling in the early 1990s by bringing technical in-ring performance to the fore. Hart is widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time; Sky Sports noted that his legacy is that of \"one of, if not the greatest, to have ever graced the squared circle\". For most of his career, he used the nickname \"Hitman\".\nHart joined his father Stu Hart's promotion Stampede Wrestling in 1976 as a referee and made his in-ring debut in 1978. He gained championship success during the 1980s and 1990s in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), where he helmed The Hart Foundation stable. He left for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) following the controversial \"Montreal Screwjob\" in November 1997, where he remained until October 2000. Having been inactive from in-ring competition since January 2000, owing to a December 1999 concussion, he officially retired in October 2000, shortly after his departure from the company. He returned to sporadic in-ring competition from 2010\u20132011 with WWE, where he won his final championship, headlined the 2010 SummerSlam event, and served as the general manager of Raw. Throughout his career, Hart headlined WrestleMania IX, X, and XII, and participated in the main event of Starrcade 1997 and 1999 \u2013 as a special enforcer and referee in the former.Hart has held championships in five decades from the 1970s to the 2010s, with a total of 32 held throughout his career, and 17 held between the WWF/WWE and WCW. Among other accolades, he is a five-time WWF World Heavyweight Champion and a two-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion. Hart has most combined days as WWF World Heavyweight Champion during the 1990s (654), and was the first WCW World Heavyweight Champion born outside the United States. He is the second WWF Triple Crown Champion and fifth (with Goldberg) WCW Triple Crown Champion, and the first man to win both the WWF and WCW Triple Crown Championships. Hart is also the 1994 Royal Rumble match winner (with Lex Luger), and the only two-time King of the Ring, winning the 1991 tournament and the first King of the Ring pay-per-view in 1993. Stone Cold Steve Austin, with whom Hart headlined multiple pay-per-view events as part of an acclaimed rivalry from 1996 to 1997, inducted him into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2006. In 2019, Hart became one of four people to enter the WWE Hall of Fame twice, when he was inducted again as a member of The Hart Foundation, with brother-in-law Jim Neidhart.\nOutside of wrestling, Hart has appeared in numerous films and television shows such as The Simpsons as well as featuring in several documentaries, both about himself specifically and others about his family or the wrestling industry in general. Hart also helped found and lent his name to the major junior ice hockey team the Calgary Hitmen, and has written two biographies along with a weekly column for the Calgary Sun for over a decade. After his retirement, Hart has spent much of his time on charitable efforts concerning stroke recovery and cancer awareness since his personal experiences with the two.", "Q7066": "Atheism is, in the broadest sense, an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities. Atheism is contrasted with theism, which, in its most general form, is the belief that at least one deity exists.The etymological root for the word atheism originated before the 5th century BCE from the ancient Greek \u1f04\u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03c2 (atheos), meaning \"without god(s)\". In antiquity, it had multiple uses as a pejorative term applied to those thought to reject the gods worshiped by the larger society, those who were forsaken by the gods, or those who had no commitment to belief in the gods. The term denoted a social category created by orthodox religionists into which those who did not share their religious beliefs were placed. The actual term atheism emerged first in the 16th century. With the spread of freethought, skeptical inquiry, and subsequent increase in criticism of religion, application of the term narrowed in scope. The first individuals to identify themselves using the word atheist lived in the 18th century during the Age of Enlightenment. The French Revolution, noted for its \"unprecedented atheism,\" witnessed the first major political movement in history to advocate for the supremacy of human reason.Arguments for atheism range from philosophical to social and historical approaches. Rationales for not believing in deities include arguments that there is a lack of empirical evidence, the problem of evil, the argument from inconsistent revelations, the rejection of concepts that cannot be falsified, and the argument from nonbelief. Nonbelievers contend that atheism is a more parsimonious position than theism and that everyone is born without beliefs in deities; therefore, they argue that the burden of proof lies not on the atheist to disprove the existence of gods but on the theist to provide a rationale for theism. Although some atheists have adopted secular philosophies (e.g. secular humanism), there is no one ideology or code of conduct to which all atheists adhere.Since conceptions of atheism vary, accurate estimations of current numbers of atheists are difficult. According to global Win-Gallup International studies, 13% of respondents were \"convinced atheists\" in 2012, 11% were \"convinced atheists\" in 2015, and in 2017, 9% were \"convinced atheists\". However, other researchers have advised caution with WIN/Gallup figures since other surveys which have used the same wording for decades and have a bigger sample size have consistently reached lower figures. An older survey by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in 2004 recorded atheists as comprising 8% of the world's population. Other older estimates have indicated that atheists comprise 2% of the world's population, while the irreligious add a further 12%. According to these polls, Europe and East Asia are the regions with the highest rates of atheism. In 2015, 61% of people in China reported that they were atheists. The figures for a 2010 Eurobarometer survey in the European Union (EU) reported that 20% of the EU population claimed not to believe in \"any sort of spirit, God or life force\", with France (40%) and Sweden (34%) representing the highest values.", "Q108288": "Philip Rosenthal (23 October 1916 \u2013 27 September 2001) was a German industrialist, socialite and Social Democratic Party politician. In 1950, Rosenthal regained control of the family's company Rosenthal AG after the fall of Nazi Germany. In 1968, Rosenthal was awarded the Bavarian Order of Merit and in 1981, the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. From 1970-71, he served as Germany's Parliamentary Secretary of State under the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Rosenthal was a public figure, and in addition to being Germany's \"China King\", he was often recognized for his eccentric lifestyle and personality.", "Q8355": "The violin, sometimes known as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family. Most violins have a hollow wooden body. It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use. Smaller violin-type instruments exist, including the violino piccolo and the pochette, but these are virtually unused. The violin typically has four strings, usually tuned in perfect fifths with notes G3, D4, A4, E5, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings. It can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and, in specialized cases, by striking the strings with the wooden side of the bow (col legno). \nViolins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres. They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition, both in ensembles (from chamber music to orchestras) and as solo instruments. Violins are also important in many varieties of folk music, including country music, bluegrass music and in jazz. Electric violins with solid bodies and piezoelectric pickups are used in some forms of rock music and jazz fusion, with the pickups plugged into instrument amplifiers and speakers to produce sound. The violin has come to be incorporated in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music. The name fiddle is often used regardless of the type of music played on it.\nThe violin was first known in 16th-century Italy, with some further modifications occurring in the 18th and 19th centuries to give the instrument a more powerful sound and projection. In Europe, it served as the basis for the development of other stringed instruments used in Western classical music, such as the viola.Violinists and collectors particularly prize the fine historical instruments made by the Stradivari, Guarneri, Guadagnini and Amati families from the 16th to the 18th century in Brescia and Cremona (Italy) and by Jacob Stainer in Austria. According to their reputation, the quality of their sound has defied attempts to explain or equal it, though this belief is disputed. Great numbers of instruments have come from the hands of less famous makers, as well as still greater numbers of mass-produced commercial \"trade violins\" coming from cottage industries in places such as Saxony, Bohemia, and Mirecourt. Many of these trade instruments were formerly sold by Sears, Roebuck and Co. and other mass merchandisers.\nThe components of a violin are usually made from different types of wood. Violins can be strung with gut, Perlon or other synthetic, or steel strings. A person who makes or repairs violins is called a luthier or violinmaker. One who makes or repairs bows is called an archetier or bowmaker.", "Q376936": "Jo\u00e3o Barbosa (born 11 March 1975 in Porto, Portugal) is a Portuguese auto racing driver. He currently competes in the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship for Mustang Sampling Racing alongside Christian Fittipaldi, with which he claimed both the drivers' and team championships while Chevrolet won the manufacturer's championship in 2014 United SportsCar Championship season.\nHe was runner-up in the GTS class of the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series in 2003 and fifth in the DP class in 2008, accumulating a total of seven overall victories. Barbosa won the 2010 and 2014, and was third in 2009 and 2011 and fourth in 2007 and 2013. Also resulted fourth in the 2007 24 Hours of Le Mans and 2012 12 Hours of Sebring.", "Q243027": "Elizabeth Moon (born March 7, 1945) is an American science fiction and fantasy writer. Her other writing includes newspaper columns and opinion pieces. Her novel The Speed of Dark won the 2003 Nebula Award. Prior to her writing career, she served in the United States Marine Corps.", "Q169104": "Zden\u011bk \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nek (22 September 1896 \u2013 20 June 1968) was a Czech actor. He appeared in 65 films between 1922 and 1968.", "Q2191698": "Luis H\u00e9ctor \u00c1lvarez \u00c1lvarez (October 25, 1919 \u2013 May 18, 2016) was a Mexican industrialist and politician. \u00c1lvarez was a member of the National Action Party. In 1958 he was a candidate for the Presidency of Mexico. He has also served as Mayor of Chihuahua, president of his party and was the coordinator of the dialogues for peace in Chiapas.", "Q15551": "Sitges (Catalan pronunciation: [\u02c8sid\u0292\u0259s]) is a town about 35 kilometres southwest of Barcelona, in Catalonia, renowned worldwide for its Film Festival and Carnival. Located between the Garraf Massif and the sea, it is known for its beaches, nightspots, and historical sites.\nWhile the roots of Sitges' artistic reputation date back to the late 19th century, when painter Santiago Rusi\u00f1ol took up residence there during the summer, the town became a centre for the 1960s counterculture in mainland Spain, in Francoist Spain, and became known as \"Ibiza in miniature\".\nToday, Sitges' economy is based on tourism and culture offering more than 4,500 hotel beds, half of them in four-star hotels.\nAlmost 35% of the approximately 26,000 permanent inhabitants are from the Netherlands, the UK, France and Scandinavia, whose children attend international schools in the area. There are 17 beaches. Sitges was also the site of the annual Bilderberg conference held in June 2010.\nSitges has been referred to as the Saint-Tropez of Spain, with property prices approaching those of the most expensive European cities, the main reason for this being the setting by the sea and the surrounding Parc Natural del Garraf. Proximity to Barcelona-El Prat Airport is also a major advantage.", "Q87033": "Benjamin Trinks (born 15 October 1990) is a German actor and a voice actor.", "Q224902": "Jozef Ban\u00e1\u0161 (born 27 September 1948) is a prominent Slovak novelist, journalist, diplomat and politician.", "Q91889": "Thomas Loebb (born 11 July 1957 in Gelsenkirchen) is a German former water polo player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics.", "Q126613": "James Breckinridge (March 7, 1763 \u2013 May 13, 1833) was a Virginia lawyer and politician and a member of the Breckinridge family. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates, as well as the U.S. House of Representatives. He also fought in the American Revolutionary War and served as a brigadier-general during the War of 1812.\n\n", "Q440013": "Esm\u00e9 Augusta Bianco (born 25 May 1982) is an English actress, model, voice actress, neo-burlesque performer and DJ, best known for her recurring role as Ros on Game of Thrones.", "Q950689": "David John Firth (born 23 January 1983) is an English animator, director, writer, musician, actor, voice actor, video artist and broadcaster, born in Doncaster, South Yorkshire. As a cartoonist, Firth's work is largely distributed via the Internet, most notably through the popular Adobe Flash animation website Newgrounds and his own personal websites. Several of his works in Flash animation, along with multiple music videos and works of video art, have garnered large followings.", "Q426396": "Along Came Polly is a 2004 American romantic comedy film written and directed by John Hamburg and starring Ben Stiller and Jennifer Aniston. The story follows Reuben Feffer (Ben Stiller), a tightly-wound New Yorker who finds his life falling apart when he discovers his wife cheating on him with a scuba diver on their honeymoon. He then rebounds and finds himself falling in love with his former classmate Polly Prince (Jennifer Aniston) as she tries to loosen up his rigid ways, which brings him to question his life and some decisions, and that you can't analyze the safe choice in love all the time.", "Q55175": "Sheila Marie Evans Widnall (born July 13, 1938) is an American aerospace researcher and Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She served as United States Secretary of the Air Force between 1993 and 1997, making her the first female Secretary of the Air Force and the first woman to lead an entire branch of the US military in the Department of Defense. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 2003.", "Q3039429": "Dreyfus Records (French: Disques Dreyfus, [disk d\u0281\u025bfys]) is a record label which released the work of artists such as Jean-Michel Jarre who was part of the label for more than 20 years.\nFrancis Dreyfus founded Disques Dreyfus in 1985. The label was a part of the Dreyfus family company owned by Dreyfus Records, French music distributor. On January 4, 2013 the company ceased its operations and its catalog was absorbed by BMG Rights Management Group.Dreyfus Jazz was founded in 1991 in Paris as a division of the Francis Dreyfus Music company to reissue albums by Charlie Haden, Eddy Louiss, Red Mitchell, Michel Portal, Bud Powell, John Lewis, and Martial Solal. In 1992 Dreyfus produced new recordings by Philip Catherine, Richard Galliano, Steve Grossman, Roy Haynes, Didier Lockwood, the Mingus Big Band, and Michel Petrucciani. There were also albums of unreleased music by Bill Evans, Stan Getz, and Art Pepper.", "Q1635631": "Braeden Lemasters (born January 27, 1996) is an American actor, musician, and voice actor. He is best known for his role as Albert in Men of a Certain Age. He is also a founding member of the band Wallows.", "Q512741": "Peter David Schiff (; born March 23, 1963) is an American libertarian, stock broker, financial commentator, economist and radio personality. He is CEO and chief global strategist of Euro Pacific Capital Inc., a broker-dealer based in Westport, Connecticut. He is the founder of Euro Pacific Canada Inc., now known as Echelon Wealth Partners Inc., headquartered in Toronto, with offices in Burlington, Ontario; Montreal; Vancouver; and Tokyo. He is also the founder and chairman of Euro Pacific Bank, offshore bank founded in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, relocated to San Juan, Puerto Rico in 2017; founder, CEO, and chairman of Euro Pacific Asset Management, LLC., an asset management company founded in Newport Beach, currently relocated to Dorado, Puerto Rico, since 2013; and founder and chairman of SchiffGold, a precious metals dealer based in Manhattan.Schiff is the principal host of The Peter Schiff Show podcast, which was formerly broadcast on terrestrial and Internet radio, and he was formerly host of an Internet podcast called Wall Street Unspun, now archived as podcasts. He has appeared as a guest on numerous business and financial television shows and has been quoted in major print publications as a financial analyst.\nSchiff has repeatedly held bullish views on long-term investments in foreign stocks and currencies in countries with sound fiscal and monetary policies as well as global commodities including physical precious metals and has expressed bearish views on the US economy and the US dollar. Schiff voices strong support for the Austrian School of economic thought which was introduced to him by his father Irwin Schiff. In 2010, Schiff ran in the Republican primary for the United States Senate seat in Connecticut, but he lost to Linda McMahon and came in third.", "Q1371": "West Virginia ( (listen)) is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States, though it is also considered to be a part of the Mid-Atlantic Southeast Region. It is bordered by Pennsylvania to the north, Maryland to the east and northeast, Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, and Ohio to the northwest. West Virginia is the 41st largest state by area and ranks 38th in population, with around 1.791 million residents. The capital and largest city is Charleston.\nWest Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, at the start of the American Civil War. Delegates from the Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia, which also included secessionist counties in the new state. West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863, and was a key border state during the war. It was the only state to form by separating from a Confederate state, the first to separate from any state since Maine separated from Massachusetts, and was one of two states (along with Nevada) admitted to the Union during the American Civil War. While a portion of its residents held slaves, most of the residents were yeoman farmers, and the delegates provided for gradual abolition of slavery in the new state Constitution.\nThe northern panhandle extends adjacent to Pennsylvania and Ohio, with the West Virginia cities of Wheeling and Weirton just across the border from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, while Bluefield is less than 70 miles (110 km) from North Carolina. Huntington in the southwest is close to the states of Ohio and Kentucky, while Martinsburg and Harpers Ferry in the Eastern Panhandle region are considered part of the Washington metropolitan area, in between the states of Maryland and Virginia. The unique position of West Virginia means it is often included in several U.S. geographical regions, including the Mid-Atlantic, the Upland South, and the Southeastern United States. It is the only state that is entirely within the area served by the Appalachian Regional Commission; the area is commonly defined as \"Appalachia\".The state is noted for its mountains and rolling hills, its historically significant logging and coal mining industries, and its political and labor history. It is also known for a wide range of outdoor recreational opportunities, including skiing, whitewater rafting, fishing, hiking, backpacking, mountain biking, rock climbing, and hunting.", "Q2678": "Gomel (official transliteration: Homie\u013a; also Homiel, Homel or Homyel\u2019; Belarusian: \u0413\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0141acinka: Homiel, pronounced [\u02c8\u0263om\u02b2el\u02b2], Russian: \u0413\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c, pronounced [\u02c8\u0261om\u02b2\u026al\u02b2]) is the administrative centre of Gomel Region and with 526,872 inhabitants (2015 census) the second-most populous city of Belarus.", "Q207103": "Constructivism was an artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1915 by Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko. Abstract and austere, constructivist art aimed to reflect modern industrial society and urban space. The movement rejected aesthetic stylization in favor of the industrial assemblage of materials. Constructivists were in favour of art for practical and social purposes, and were associated with Soviet socialism and the Russian avant-garde.Constructivist architecture and art had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing major trends such as the Bauhaus and De Stijl movements. Its influence was widespread, with major effects upon architecture, sculpture, graphic design, industrial design, theatre, film, dance, fashion and, to some extent, music.", "Q1789904": "Cl\u00e1udio Manuel da Costa (June 4, 1729 \u2013 July 4, 1789) was a Brazilian poet and musician, considered to be the introducer of Neoclassicism in Brazil. He wrote under the pen name Glauceste Sat\u00farnio, and his most famous work is the epic poem Vila Rica, that tells the history of the homonymous city, nowadays called Ouro Preto.\nHe is the patron of the 8th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.", "Q85624": "Wenzel Fuchs (born 1963 in Innsbruck, Austria) is an Austrian clarinetist.\nHe studied clarinet at the Innsbruck Conservatory with Walter Kefer and at the Vienna Music Academy with Peter Schmidl. He has performed with the Vienna State Opera, the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, the Vienna Volksoper, and the Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra.Fuchs became clarinet soloist of the Vienna Volksoper at the age of 19 and five years later solo clarinetist of the Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra, and was appointed solo clarinetist of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra in 1993.Wenzel Fuchs holds a professorship at the \"Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Hanns Eisler\", Berlin, since October 2008 and teaches in the Berliner Philharmoniker\u2019s Orchestra Academy. He has been a guest professor at Sakuyou Music University in Okayama, Japan holds an honorary professorship at the Shanghai Conservatory, and gives master classes all over the world.Fuchs is a member of the Berlin Philharmonic Wind Soloists ensemble, the Berlin Philharmonic Octet ensemble, the Philarmonische Freunde Wien-Berlin ensemble, Berliner Philarmonisches Bl\u00e4serensemble, the Metropolis Ensemble, and the Super World Orchestra.Wenzel Fuchs has been awarded a Prize of the Austrian Ministry for Science and Art and several prizes in the German national youth competition \"Jugend musiziert\".", "Q737545": "Evelyn Graham Irons (17 June 1900 \u2013 3 April 2000) was a Scottish journalist, the first female war correspondent to be decorated with the French Croix de Guerre.", "Q67879": "Heinz Lammerding (27 August 1905 \u2013 13 January 1971) was an SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. During World War II, he commanded the SS Division Das Reich that perpetrated the Tulle and the Oradour-sur-Glane massacres in occupied France. After the war, Lammerding was convicted in absentia for having ordered the murder of approximately 750 French civilians, but remained protected by Germany after serving a prison sentence there.", "Q133578": "William Blanc Monroe Jr. (July 17, 1920 \u2013 February 17, 2011) was an American television journalist for NBC News. He was the executive producer and fourth moderator of the NBC public affairs program Meet the Press (1975\u201384), succeeding Lawrence E. Spivak, the program's co-founder and third moderator.", "Q11737": "R\u00fcti bei B\u00fcren is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is also a reformed church parish.", "Q57762": "Morgan Richard Tsvangirai (; Shona: [ts\u034ea\u014b.\u0261i.ra.i]; 10 March 1952 \u2013 14 February 2018) was a Zimbabwean politician who was Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 2009 to 2013. He was President of the Movement for Democratic Change, and later the Movement for Democratic Change \u2013 Tsvangirai (MDC\u2013T), and a key figure in the opposition to former President Robert Mugabe.\nTsvangirai was the MDC candidate in the controversial 2002 presidential election, losing to Mugabe. He later contested the first round of the 2008 presidential election as the MDC-T candidate, taking 47.8% of the vote according to official results, placing him ahead of Mugabe, who received 43.2%. Tsvangirai claimed to have won a majority and said that the results could have been altered in the month between the election and the reporting of official results. Tsvangirai initially planned to run in the second round against Mugabe, but withdrew shortly before it was held, arguing that the election would not be free and fair due to widespread violence and intimidation by government supporters that led to the deaths of 200 people.\nHe sustained non-life-threatening injuries in a car crash on 6 March 2009 when heading towards his rural home in Buhera. His first wife, Susan Tsvangirai, was killed in the head-on collision.As the 2017 Zimbabwean coup d'\u00e9tat occurred, Tsvangirai asked Mugabe to step down. He hoped that an all-inclusive stakeholders' meeting to chart the country\u2019s future and an internationally supervised process for the forthcoming elections would create a process that would take the country towards a legitimate regime.On 14 February 2018, Tsvangirai died at the age of 65 after reportedly suffering from colorectal cancer.", "Q923667": "Today Is the Day is an American noise rock / avant-garde metal band originally formed in Nashville, Tennessee. The band's diverse sound combines influences from areas such as noise music, avant-garde metal, grindcore, post-hardcore, and alternative rock among other genres. Most of the band's recordings make extensive use of dissonance and sampling, as well as unusual production techniques and psychedelic overtones. Lyrical themes include depression, warfare, violence, altered states of consciousness, and mental disorders.", "Q283203": "Miroslav Kostadinov (Bulgarian: \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 born 10 March 1976) is a Bulgarian singer and songwriter who represented Bulgaria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 with the song \"Angel si ti\".\n\n", "Q172242": "Conny Andersson (born 28 December 1939 in Alings\u00e5s, Sweden) is a Swedish former racing driver who participated in Formula One during 1976 and 1977 for the Surtees and BRM teams.\nPrior to his Formula One career, Andersson was a motocross rider and competed in Formula 3 racing as a privateer for almost ten years, obtaining a lot of success. He won the 1974 Swedish Formula 3 Championship, and in 1975 he competed in the European Formula 3 Championship, where he won at Monaco and the following season won four more races.\n\n", "Q269802": "Julie K. White (born June 4, 1961) is an American actress of film, stage and television. She is a Tony Award winner for the play The Little Dog Laughed. She may be best known for her role as Nadine Swoboda in the television series Grace Under Fire and for her role as Judy Witwicky in the Transformers film series.", "Q510156": "Marjorie Bennett (15 January 1896 \u2013 14 June 1982) was an Australian-born television and film actress, who worked mainly in Great Britain and the United States. She began her acting career during the silent film era.", "Q932959": "David Ashworth Gates (born December 11, 1940) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and producer, frontman and co-lead singer (with Jimmy Griffin) of the group Bread, which reached the tops of the musical charts in Europe and North America on several occasions in the 1970s. The band was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q60125": "George Akropolites (Latinized as Acropolites or Acropolita; Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f08\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, Georgios Akropolites; 1217 or 1220 \u2013 1282) was a Byzantine Greek historian and statesman born at Constantinople.", "Q57789": "Philipp R\u00f6sler, (born 24 February 1973) is a German medical doctor and former politician who served as Federal Minister of Economics and Technology and Vice Chancellor of Germany from 2011 to 2013.R\u00f6sler was also Chairman of the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP) from 2011 to 2013. Following the 2013 federal election in which the FDP left the Bundestag, he announced his resignation from the chairmanship. Born in Vietnam, R\u00f6sler was the first cabinet minister of Asian background in Germany. Before entering politics, R\u00f6sler was a cardiothoracic surgeon.\n\n", "Q1382495": "Kevin Patrick Shields (born 21 May 1963) is an Irish musician, singer-songwriter, composer, and producer, best known as the vocalist and guitarist of the band My Bloody Valentine. My Bloody Valentine would become extremely influential on the evolution of alternative rock with their two studio albums Isn't Anything (1988) and Loveless (1991), both of which pioneered a subgenre known as shoegaze. Shields's texturised guitar sound and his experimentation with his guitars' tremolo systems resulted in the creation of the \"glide guitar\" technique, which became a recognisable aspect of My Bloody Valentine's sound, along with his meticulous production techniques.Following My Bloody Valentine's dissolution in the late 1990s, Shields became a frequent guest musician, producer, engineer, and remixer with various bands and artists, including Experimental Audio Research, Yo La Tengo, Dinosaur Jr, and Mogwai. In 1998 he became a touring member of Primal Scream. Shields contributed several original compositions to the soundtrack of Sofia Coppola's 2003 film Lost in Translation, which earned him nominations for British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) and Irish Film and Television Academy (IFTA) awards. In 2008, Shields released a collaborative live album together with Patti Smith entitled The Coral Sea.\nMy Bloody Valentine reunited in 2007, and released their third studio album m b v in February 2013. The album was composed entirely by Shields and had been in production since the late 1990s, when Shields was rumoured to have been suffering from writer's block and mental illness. Shields has since been featured in several publications' best-of-lists, including Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Guitarists and Spin's 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. Multiple musicians have also cited him as an influence, including Billy Corgan and J Mascis.", "Q363308": "Walker Evans (November 3, 1903 \u2013 April 10, 1975) was an American photographer and photojournalist best known for his work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA) documenting the effects of the Great Depression. Much of Evans's work from the FSA period uses the large-format, 8\u00d710-inch (200\u00d7250 mm) view camera. He said that his goal as a photographer was to make pictures that are \"literate, authoritative, transcendent\".Many of his works are in the permanent collections of museums and have been the subject of retrospectives at such institutions as the Metropolitan Museum of Art or George Eastman Museum.", "Q423205": "Victor Ortiz (born January 31, 1987) is an American professional boxer and film actor. He held the WBC welterweight title in 2011, and was formerly rated as one of the world's top three active welterweights by most sporting news and boxing websites, including The Ring magazine, BoxRec, and ESPN. His crowd-pleasing and aggressive fighting style also made him the 2008 ESPN Prospect of the Year.Outside of boxing, Ortiz has had roles in the films The Expendables 3 (2014) and Southpaw (2015), and made a cameo appearance in the TV series Ray Donovan.", "Q3648060": "The Institute of Oriental Manuscripts (IOM) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; Russian: \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a), formerly the St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is a research institute in Saint Petersburg, Russia that houses various collections of manuscripts and early printed material in Asian languages, including Arabic, Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan, and Tangut.", "Q706773": "Jaime S\u00e1enz Guzm\u00e1n (29 October 1921 \u2013 16 August 1986) was a Bolivian poet, novelist, and short story writer. Born in the city of La Paz, he lived his entire life there, and the rough topography and harsh climate of this Andean city had a powerful effect on much of his work. His poetry, though individual to the point of being difficult to classify, bears some similarities with surrealist literature.\nThroughout his life, S\u00e1enz struggled with alcoholism, a struggle about which he frequently wrote in his poems. Accordingly, he is often viewed as a sort of po\u00e8te maudit, or \"cursed poet\". S\u00e1enz was openly, \"unashamedly\", bisexual.", "Q191132": "Harvey Keitel ( ky-TEL; born May 13, 1939) is an American actor and producer. He has starred in films such as Mean Streets (1973), Taxi Driver (1976), The Duellists (1977), The Last Temptation of Christ (1988), Bugsy (1991), Thelma & Louise (1991), Reservoir Dogs (1992), Bad Lieutenant (1992), The Piano (1993), Pulp Fiction (1994), From Dusk till Dawn (1996), Cop Land (1997), The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014), Youth (2015) and The Irishman (2019).Keitel has been nominated for a number of accolades in his career, including Academy and Golden Globe awards, and has won an Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for his role in The Piano. From 1995 to 2017, he was a co-president of the Actors Studio, along with actors Al Pacino and Ellen Burstyn.", "Q66554": "Sissach (German pronunciation: [z\u026a\u02d0sax]) is a municipality and the capital of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q3436506": "Robert Henry Winborne Welch Jr. (December 1, 1899 \u2013 January 6, 1985) was an American businessman, political activist, and author. He was independently wealthy following his retirement and used it to sponsor anti-communist causes. He co-founded the conservative group the John Birch Society (JBS) in 1958 and tightly controlled it until his death. He was a controversial figure for liberals, as well as some conservatives such as William F. Buckley Jr.", "Q69667": "Johann Fran(c)k (1 June 1618 \u2013 18 June 1677) was a German politician, mayor of Guben and a member of the Landtag of Lower Lusatia, a lyric poet and hymnist.\n\n", "Q230744": "Dame Anna Wintour (; born 3 November 1949) is a British-American journalist and editor who has been editor-in-chief of Vogue since 1988 and artistic director for Cond\u00e9 Nast, Vogue's publisher, since 2013. With her trademark pageboy bob haircut and dark sunglasses, Wintour has become an important figure in much of the fashion world, widely praised for her eye for fashion trends and her support for younger designers. Her reportedly aloof and demanding personality has earned her the nickname \"Nuclear Wintour\".\nHer father, Charles Wintour, editor of the London Evening Standard (1959\u20131976), consulted her on how to make the newspaper relevant to the youth of the era. She became interested in fashion as a teenager. Her career in fashion journalism began at two British magazines. Later, she moved to the US, with stints at New York and House & Garden. She returned to London and was the editor of British Vogue between 1985 and 1987. A year later, she assumed control of the franchise's magazine in New York, reviving what many saw as a stagnating publication. Her use of the magazine to shape the fashion industry has been the subject of debate within it. Animal rights activists have attacked her for promoting fur, while other critics have charged her with using the magazine to promote elitist views of femininity and beauty.\nA former personal assistant, Lauren Weisberger, wrote the 2003 bestselling roman \u00e0 clef The Devil Wears Prada, later made into a successful 2006 film starring Meryl Streep as Miranda Priestly, a fashion editor, believed to be based on Wintour. In 2009, she was the focus of another film, R. J. Cutler's documentary The September Issue.", "Q47509789": "The Bright Young Things, or Bright Young People, was a nickname given by the tabloid press to a group of Bohemian young aristocrats and socialites in 1920s London. They threw elaborate fancy dress parties, went on elaborate treasure hunts through nighttime London, and some drank heavily or used drugs \u2014 all of which was enthusiastically covered by journalists such as Charles Graves and Tom Driberg. They inspired a number of writers, including Nancy Mitford (Highland Fling), Anthony Powell (A Dance to the Music of Time), Henry Green (Party Going) and the poet John Betjeman. Evelyn Waugh's 1930 novel Vile Bodies, adapted as the 2003 film Bright Young Things, is a satirical look at this scene. Cecil Beaton began his career in photography by documenting this set, of which he was a member.The most prominent members of the group included:\n\n", "Q105021": "Michael Kauch (born 4 May 1967, in Dortmund) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party who served as Member of the Bundestag between 2003 and 2013.\n\n", "Q463621": "Rashia Tashan Fisher (born December 18, 1974) is an American rapper, producer, singer, model and actress better known by her stage name Rah Digga. She is best known as a longtime member of the Flipmode Squad, a hip hop group led by Busta Rhymes. She has been called \"one of rap's most prominent women MCs\" by Allmusic and \"one of hip hop's most skilled female MCs\" in the book How to Rap.", "Q197543": "Zhejiang University (abbreviated ZJU; Chinese: \u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66; pinyin: Zh\u00e8ji\u0101ng D\u00e0xu\u00e9; also colloquially referred to as \u6d59\u5927 Zh\u00e8d\u00e0 ) is an elite C9 League university located in Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province. Founded in 1897, Zhejiang University is one of China's oldest, most selective, and most prestigious institutions of higher education. The university is organized into 37 colleges, schools, and departments offering more than 140 undergraduate and 300 graduate programs. \nThe university is also a Chinese Ministry of Education Class A Double First Class University and is an active member of the Yangtze Delta Universities Alliance, the Association of Pacific Rim Universities, the Worldwide Universities Network, the International Association of Universities, and the Global University Network for Innovation.\nThe university possesses a faculty of more than 3,741 scholars, including 45 members from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, 10 Liberal Arts and Humanities Senior Professors (\u6587\u79d1\u8d44\u6df1\u6559\u6388), 121 Chang Jiang Scholars Program Professors, and 133 recipients of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars.Zhejiang University maintains 5 academic libraries. The library collection in its entirety contains more than 7.7 million volumes, making it one of China's largest academic collections. The university also includes 7 affiliated hospitals, 1 museum, 2 international joint institutes, and boasts over 150 student organizations.", "Q1605719": "Henri Belolo (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0251\u0303\u0281i b\u0259l\u0254lo]; 27 November 1936 \u2013 3 August 2019) was a French music producer and songwriter active during the disco era.\nBorn in Morocco, he started his career as a club DJ and A&R man. In the 1970s, with his friend, composer Jacques Morali, he worked in the United States, creating The Ritchie Family as well as their most successful group, Village People.", "Q668900": "Avegno was a municipality in the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 20 April 2008, Avegno and Gordevio merged to form Avegno Gordevio.In 1982, the Swiss Heritage Society awarded the Wakker Prize to Avegno for the preservation of its architectural heritage.", "Q984355": "Tage Skou-Hansen (12 February 1925 \u2013 11 November 2015) was a Danish writer, editor and scholar.", "Q171978": "Noritake Takahara (\u9ad8\u539f \u656c\u6b66, born June 6, 1951 in Tokyo) is a former racing driver from Japan. He participated in 2 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on October 24, 1976. He scored no championship points.\nTakahara is a two-time Japanese Formula 2000 champion, winning the title in 1974 and 1976, and resulting vice-champion in 1975 and third in 1973.\nHe won the Fuji Grand Champion Series three times in 1973, 1975 and 1976, and resulted vice-champion in 1974. He collected 17 wins and 30 podiums in that championship.", "Q328679": "Giovanni Maria Farina (born 8 December 1685, Santa Maria Maggiore; Germanized name: Johann Maria Farina, Francized: Jean Marie Farina \u2013 25 November 1766, Cologne) was an Italian-born perfumier from Germany who created the first Eau de Cologne. \n\n", "Q1294585": "Jedediah Slason Carvell (16 March 1832 \u2013 14 February 1894) was a Canadian businessman, politician, and office holder.\n\n", "Q23008": "Mosbach is the capital of the Neckar-Odenwald district in the north of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, about 58 km east of Heidelberg. Its geographical position is 49.21'N 9.9'E.\nIt has a population of approximately 25,000 people distributed in six boroughs: Mosbach Town, Lohrbach, Neckarelz, Diedesheim, Sattelbach and Reichenbuch.", "Q185147": "Robert William Gary Moore (4 April 1952 \u2013 6 February 2011) was a Northern Irish guitarist and singer-songwriter. According to Ultimate Classic Rock, Moore had a \"restless career trajectory\u2014taking in blues, rock, heavy metal, jazz-fusion and other styles over four and a half decades\". He is often described as a virtuoso guitarist.Born and raised in Belfast, Moore played in the line-ups of several local bands during his teenage years, before moving to Dublin, after having been asked to join the Irish band Skid Row before the departure of lead singer Phil Lynott. Moore later played with Lynott in Thin Lizzy and joined the British jazz-rock band Colosseum II. He also had a successful solo career with eleven UK Top 40 single releases, which included the top ten songs \"Parisienne Walkways\" and \"Out in the Fields\" (a collaboration with Lynott), and peaked in popularity with his best-selling album Still Got the Blues in 1990.Moore shared the stage with blues and rock musicians including B.B. King, Albert King, John Mayall, Jack Bruce, Ginger Baker, Albert Collins, George Harrison and Greg Lake.", "Q117425": "Susan Eloise Hinton (born July 22, 1948) is an American writer best known for her young-adult novels (YA) set in Oklahoma, especially The Outsiders (1967), which she wrote during high school. Hinton is credited with introducing the YA genre.In 1988 she received the inaugural Margaret Edwards Award from the American Library Association for her cumulative contribution in writing for teens.", "Q10854462": "CJ E&M (Hangul: \uc528\uc81c\uc774\uc774\uc564\uc5e0, an initialism for CJ Entertainment & Media) is a South Korean entertainment and mass media company created by CJ Group in 2011. As of July 2018, CJ E&M became a division of CJ ENM.", "Q22316": "John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is an American politician who served as the 68th United States Secretary of State from 2013 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as a United States Senator from Massachusetts from 1985 until 2013. He was the Democratic nominee in the 2004 presidential election, losing to Republican incumbent President George W. Bush.\nKerry grew up as a military brat, and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University in 1966 with a major in political science. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and between 1968 and 1969, he served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization, in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he described United States war policy in Vietnam as the cause of war crimes.\nAfter receiving a Juris Doctor from Boston College Law School, Kerry worked as an Assistant District Attorney in Massachusetts. He served as Lieutenant Governor under Michael Dukakis from 1983 to 1985 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from 1987 to 1989 which were a precursor to the Iran\u2013Contra affair. Kerry was reelected to additional terms in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2008. On October 11, 2002, Kerry voted to authorize the President \"to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein,\" but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war.In his 2004 presidential campaign, Kerry criticized George W. Bush for the Iraq War. He and his running mate, U.S. Senator from North Carolina John Edwards, lost the election, finishing 35 electoral votes behind Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney. Kerry returned to the Senate, becoming Chairman of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship in 2007 and then of the Foreign Relations Committee in 2009. In January 2013, Kerry was nominated by President Barack Obama to succeed outgoing Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and then confirmed by the U.S. Senate, assuming the office on February 1, 2013. Kerry retained the position until the end of Obama's second term on January 20, 2017 when he retired from public service.\n\n", "Q889103": "Oswald West (May 20, 1873 \u2013 August 22, 1960) was an American politician, a Democrat, who served most notably as the 14th Governor of Oregon.\nHe was called \"Os West\" by Oregon writer Stewart Holbrook, who described him as \"by all odds the most brilliant governor Oregon ever had.\"", "Q100159": "Euthanasia (from Greek: \u03b5\u1f50\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1; \"good death\": \u03b5\u1f56, eu; \"well\" or \"good\" + \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, thanatos; \"death\") is the practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering.Different countries have different euthanasia laws. The British House of Lords select committee on medical ethics defines euthanasia as \"a deliberate intervention undertaken with the express intention of ending a life, to relieve intractable suffering\". In the Netherlands and Belgium, euthanasia is understood as \"termination of life by a doctor at the request of a patient\". The Dutch law, however, does not use the term 'euthanasia' but includes the concept under the broader definition of \"assisted suicide and termination of life on request\".Euthanasia is categorized in different ways, which include voluntary, non-voluntary, or involuntary:\nVoluntary euthanasia is legal in some countries.\nNon-voluntary euthanasia (patient's consent unavailable) is illegal in all countries.\nInvoluntary euthanasia (without asking consent or against the patient's will) is also illegal in all countries and is usually considered murder.As of 2006 euthanasia had become the most active area of research in bioethics.\nIn some countries divisive public controversy occurs over the moral, ethical, and legal issues associated with euthanasia. Passive euthanasia (known as \"pulling the plug\") is legal under some circumstances in many countries. Active euthanasia, however, is legal or de facto legal in only a handful of countries (for example: Belgium, Canada and Switzerland), which limit it to specific circumstances and require the approval of counselors and doctors or other specialists. In some countries - such as Nigeria, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan - support for active euthanasia is almost non-existent.", "Q107636": "Gert Weisskirchen (or Wei\u00dfkirchen; born 16 May 1944 in Heidelberg) is a German politician (Social Democratic Party of Germany [SPD]).", "Q428350": "The White, the Yellow, and the Black (Italian: Il bianco, il giallo, il nero), also known as Samurai and Shoot First... Ask Questions Later, is a 1975 Spaghetti Western comedy film.\nIt is the last spaghetti western directed by Sergio Corbucci. Differently from his previous western films, this is openly parodic, acting as a spoof of Red Sun. It was generally poorly received by critics. The character of Milian will be reprised by the same actor, with slight changes, in the comedy film Delitto al ristorante cinese.", "Q74150": "Bernhard Rapkay (born 8 January 1951 in Ludwigsburg)\nis a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2014. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Socialist Group.\nDuring his time parliament, Rapkay sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs. He was also a substitute for the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, a member of the Delegation to the EU-Ukraine Parliamentary Cooperation Committee and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).", "Q1700675": "John Kahn (June 13, 1947 \u2013 May 30, 1996) was an American electric and acoustic bassist. From 1970 to 1995, Kahn was one of Jerry Garcia's principal musical collaborators outside of the Grateful Dead.", "Q74636": "Whiteout (French: Whiteout: Enfer blanc) is a 2009 slasher thriller film based on the 1998 comic book of the same name by Greg Rucka and Steve Lieber. Directed by Dominic Sena, with uncredited reshoots by Stuart Baird and Len Wiseman, it stars Kate Beckinsale, Gabriel Macht, Columbus Short, Tom Skerritt, and Alex O'Loughlin. The film was distributed by Warner Bros. and released on September 11, 2009. It was produced under the banner of Dark Castle Entertainment by Joel Silver, Susan Downey and David Gambino.\nThe movie is set in Antarctica, where Special Deputy U.S. Marshal Carrie Stetko (Kate Beckinsale) is planning to leave in a few days. After finding a dead body, Stetko is attacked by a masked killer who is trying to get hold of the cargo in an old Soviet plane that crash-landed in the ice during the Cold War.", "Q108263": "Gerhard Walter Fauth (April 19, 1915 \u2013 November 6, 2003) was a German journalist.", "Q2313810": "Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum (733 acres) is a nonprofit rural cemetery and arboretum located at 4521 Spring Grove Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio. It is the third largest cemetery in the United States, after the Calverton National Cemetery and Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery and is recognized as a US National Historic Landmark.", "Q232635": "Itabashi (\u677f\u6a4b\u533a, Itabashi-ku) is a special ward located in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. In English, it calls itself Itabashi City. Itabashi has sister-city relations with Burlington, Ontario, in Canada; Shijingshan District of Beijing in the People's Republic of China; and Bologna in Italy.\nAs of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 547,270, and a population density of 16,990 persons per km2. The total area is 32.22 km2.", "Q2892262": "The Congressional Cemetery, officially Washington Parish Burial Ground, is an historic and active cemetery located at 1801 E Street, SE, in Washington, D.C., on the west bank of the Anacostia River. It is the only American \"cemetery of national memory\" founded before the Civil War.\nOver 65,000 individuals are buried or memorialized at the cemetery, including many who helped form the nation and the city of Washington in the early 19th century.Although the Episcopal Christ Church, Washington Parish owns the cemetery, the U.S. government has purchased 806 burial plots, which are administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Congress, located about a mile and a half (2.4 km) to the northwest, has greatly influenced the history of the cemetery. The cemetery still sells plots, and is an active burial ground. From the Washington Metro, the cemetery lies three blocks east of the Potomac Avenue station and two blocks south of the Stadium-Armory station.\nMany members of the U.S. Congress who died while Congress was in session are interred at Congressional Cemetery. Other burials include early landowners and speculators, the builders and architects of early Washington, Native American diplomats, Washington city mayors, and American Civil War veterans. Nineteenth-century Washington, D.C., families unaffiliated with the federal government also have graves and tombs at the cemetery.\nIn all, there are one Vice President, one Supreme Court justice, six Cabinet members, 19 Senators and 71 Representatives (including a former Speaker of the House) buried there, as well as veterans of every American war, and the first director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, J. Edgar Hoover. The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 23, 1969, and designated a National Historic Landmark in 2011.", "Q169689": "Rena Kato (\u52a0\u85e4 \u73b2\u5948, Kat\u014d Rena, born July 10, 1997) is a Japanese singer, dancer, model, and an actress. She is a member of the Japanese female idol group AKB48, and is in Team A.She was also a member, along with Anna Iriyama and Rina Kawaei, of a one-shot AKB48 subunit named Anrire. Formed in 2012, the trio released their first and only single \"Ikujinashi Masquerade\" with Rino Sashihara from HKT48, charting at number one in Japan.", "Q384593": "A police officer, also known as an officer, policeman, Bobbie or a policewoman is a warranted law employee of a police force. In most countries, \"police officer\" is a generic term not specifying a particular rank. In some, the use of the rank \"officer\" is legally reserved for military personnel.\nPolice officers are generally charged with the apprehension of criminals and the prevention and detection of crime, protection and assistance of the general public, and the maintenance of public order. Police officers may be sworn to an oath, and have the power to arrest people and detain them for a limited time, along with other duties and powers. Some officers are trained in special duties, such as counter-terrorism, surveillance, child protection, VIP protection, civil law enforcement, and investigation techniques into major crime including fraud, rape, murder, and drug trafficking. Although many police officers wear a corresponding uniform, some police officers are plain-clothed in order to pass themselves off as civilians. In most countries police officers are given exemptions from certain laws to perform their duties. For example an officer may use force if necessary to arrest or detain a person when it would ordinarily be assault. In some countries, officers can also break road rules to perform their duties.", "Q330988": "Kampuchea (Khmer: \u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17bb\u1787\u17b6), officially from 5 January 1976 Democratic Kampuchea (DK; Khmer: \u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17bb\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17c1\u1799\u17d2\u1799; K\u00e2mp\u016dch\u00e9a Pr\u00e2cheathippadey; French: Kampuch\u00e9a d\u00e9mocratique), also described as the Genocidal Regime (Khmer: \u179a\u1794\u1794\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179b\u17d0\u1799\u1796\u17bc\u1787\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17cd), was the Cambodian state under one-party Marxist-Leninist totalitarian rule that existed between 1975 and 1979. It was controlled by the Khmer Rouge (KR), the name popularly given to the followers of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), and was founded when KR forces defeated the Khmer Republic of Lon Nol in 1975.\nBetween 1975 and 1979, the state and its ruling Khmer Rouge regime was responsible for the deaths of millions of Cambodians through forced labour and genocide. The KR lost control of most Cambodian territory to Vietnamese occupation. From 1979 to 1982, Democratic Kampuchea survived as a rump state supported by China. In June 1982, the Khmer Rouge formed the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea with two non-communist guerrilla factions, which retained international recognition. The state was renamed Cambodia in 1990 in the run up to the UN-sponsored 1991 Paris Peace Agreements.", "Q1453295": "Gennett (pronounced with a soft G) was an American record company and label in Richmond, Indiana, United States, which flourished in the 1920s. Gennett produced some of the earliest recordings of Louis Armstrong, King Oliver, Bix Beiderbecke, and Hoagy Carmichael. Its roster also included Jelly Roll Morton, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Charley Patton, and Gene Autry.", "Q22470": "Kirn is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Kirner Land. Kirn is a middle centre serving an area on the Nahe and in the Hunsr\u00fcck.", "Q555387": "Jesse Everett Hughes (born September 24, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician. He is best known as the frontman of the rock band Eagles of Death Metal, with whom he has recorded four studio albums and a live album.", "Q2527736": "Virgilio Mart\u00ednez V\u00e9liz (born August 31, 1977) is a Peruvian chef and restaurateur. He is considered one of the new generation of Peruvian chefs promoting the spread of Peruvian cuisine. He is known for his use of applying modern cooking techniques to indigenous Peruvian ingredients. Marie Claire magazine calls him \"the new star of Lima's gastro sky.\" On April 29, 2013, his flagship restaurant, Central Restaurante, entered as number 50 in The World's 50 Best Restaurants as awarded by the British magazine Restaurant. In 2014, the restaurant jumped 35 places to number 15, winning the \"Highest Climber\" award, and later that year was named Best Restaurant in Latin America.", "Q159992": "Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or face of a moving wave, which usually carries the surfer towards the shore. Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore. However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.\n\nThe term surfing refers to the act of riding a wave with a board, regardless of the stance used. There are several types of boards. The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees. The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.\nAnother prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee (one foot and one knee on the board), or sometimes even standing up on a body board. Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils. Body surfing, where the wave is surfed without a board, using the surfer's own body to catch and ride the wave, is very common and is considered by some to be the purest form of surfing. The closest form of body surfing using a board is a handboard which normally has one strap over it to fit one hand in.\nThree major subdivisions within stand-up surfing are stand-up paddling, long boarding and short boarding with several major differences including the board design and length, the riding style, and the kind of wave that is ridden.\nIn tow-in surfing (most often, but not exclusively, associated with big wave surfing), a motorized water vehicle such as a personal watercraft, tows the surfer into the wave front helping the surfer match a large wave's speed, which is generally a higher speed than a self-propelled surfer can produce. Surfing-related sports such as paddle boarding and sea kayaking do not require waves, and other derivative sports such as kite surfing and windsurfing rely primarily on wind for power, yet all of these platforms may also be used to ride waves. Recently with the use of V-drive boats, Wakesurfing, in which one surfs on the wake of a boat, has emerged. The Guinness Book of World Records recognized a 23.8 m (78 ft) wave ride by Garrett McNamara at Nazar\u00e9, Portugal as the largest wave ever surfed.", "Q72247": "Engelbert August Anton of Arenberg (Brussels, 11 May 1824 \u2013 Arenberg Castle, 28 March 1875) was 8th Duke of Arenberg and 14th Duke of Aarschot.\nHe was the son of Prosper Louis, 7th Duke of Arenberg, and belonged to one of the most important European noble families. He was Duke of Arenberg, Duke of Aarschot, Duke of Meppen and Prince of Recklinghausen.\nIn 1868, he married his second cousin Eleonore Ursula d'Arenberg (1845 - 1919). They had three daughters and two sons:\nMaria Ludmilla d'Arenberg, Princess and Duchess (1870 - 1953), married 1888 Carl Alfred Louis Rudolf von Cro\u00ff, 12th Duke von Cro\u00ff (1859 - 1906).\nSophie Aloise d'Arenberg, Princess and Duchess (1871 - 1961), married 1889 Prince and Duke Jean Baptiste Engelbert d'Arenberg, (1850 - 1914).\nEngelbert Prosper Ernst Marie Joseph Jues Balthasar Benoit Antoine Eleonore Laurent d'Arenberg, 9th Duke d'Arenberg (1872 - 1949), married 1897 Princess Hedwige Marie Gabrielle de Ligne (1877 - 1938), daughter of Prince Charles Joseph Eugene Henri Georges Lamoral de Ligne.\nMarie Salvatrix d'Arenberg, Princess and Duchess (1874 - 1956), married 1896 Prince Auguste Marie Gustave Etienne Charles Emmanuel de Cro\u00ff (1872 - 1932).\nCharles Prosper Maria Melchior Engelbert Eleonor Gregor Wolfgang Josef d'Arenberg, Prince and Duke (1875 - 1948), married 1919 (div. 1920), Emelie Marie Willner (born 1885). They divorced in 1920, and he married 2ndly, in 1923, Anka Baric (born 1893).\nThe Arenberg Foundation describe him as a great patron of the arts. He was the last Duke of Arenberg to hold possessions in Germany. These were lost in the German Unification. In 1861 he became a member of the Prussian House of Lords.", "Q101521": "Diedrich Diederichsen (born August 15, 1957) is a German author, music journalist and cultural critic. He is one of Germany\u2032s most renowned intellectual writers at the crossroads of the arts, politics, and pop culture.\nDiedrich Diederichsen was born and grew up in Hamburg where he worked as a music journalist and editor of the German Sounds magazine in the heyday of punk and new wave from 1979 to 1983. Until the 1990s he was then the editor-in-chief of the influential subculture magazine Spex in Cologne. Diederichsen worked as visiting professor in Frankfurt am Main, Stuttgart, Pasadena, Offenbach am Main, Gie\u00dfen, Weimar, Bremen, Vienna, St. Louis, Cologne, Los Angeles and Gainesville. After teaching at the Merz Academy in Stuttgart for several years, he became Professor for Theory, Practice and Communication of Contemporary Art at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna in 2006.\nDiedrich Diederichsen is a prolific writer whose articles and texts are printed in a variety of periodicals and publications. Newspapers and magazines with contributions by Diedrich Diederichsen include Texte zur Kunst, Die Zeit, die tageszeitung, Der Tagesspiegel, S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung, Theater heute, Artscribe, Artforum, and Frieze.\nWith his thinking and his attitude Diedrich Diederichsen reflects a multitude of influences. His writing shows traces of Post-structuralism, Marxism, Cultural studies, New Journalism, Beat literature, Psychoanalysis, and Situationism. A main topic of his writing is the tension between subjectivity, identity politics, and culture industry in Post-Fordist society. In his writings he frequently refers to personal experiences and the links between zeitgeist, biography, and history.", "Q62054": "Gertrude of S\u00fcpplingenburg (18 April 1115 \u2013 18 April 1143) was, by her two successive marriages, Duchess of Bavaria from 1127 to 1138, Margravine of Tuscany from 1136 to 1139, and Duchess of Saxony from 1137 to 1138, Margravine of Austria and again Duchess of Bavaria until her death. She was regent of Saxony during the minority of her son in 1139-1142.\n\n", "Q234244": "Anna Harriette Leonowens (born Ann Hariett Emma Edwards; 5 November 1831 \u2013 19 January 1915) was an Anglo-Indian or Indian-born British travel writer, educator and social activist.\nShe became well known with the publication of her memoirs, beginning with The English Governess at the Siamese Court (1870), which chronicled her experiences in Siam (modern Thailand), as teacher to the children of the Siamese King Mongkut. Leonowens' own account has been fictionalised in Margaret Landon's 1944 best-selling novel Anna and the King of Siam, as well as films and television series based on the book, most notably Rodgers and Hammerstein's 1951 hit musical The King and I.\nDuring the course of her life, Leonowens also lived in Australia, Singapore and Penang, the United States, Canada and Germany. During her late life, she was a lecturer of Indology and a suffragist. Among other achievements, she co-founded the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design.", "Q269157": "Miesbach is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and is the capital of the Miesbach district. The district is at an altitude of 697 metres above sea level. It covers an area of approximately 863.50 km\u00b2 of alpine headlands and in 2017 had a population of 11,477. The town is located 48 km southeast of Munich. Lake Schliersee and Lake Tegernsee, around which are the internationally renowned spas, Bad Wiessee, Rottach-Egern and Tegernsee, are nearby.\nMiesbach was founded around the year 1000 and was for hundreds of years the seat of the County of Hohenwaldeck. In the 19th century it became the center of the conservation movement for the traditional costumes, the Tracht.\nMiesbach also has a rich history as a pilgrimage and a mining village, which can still be seen in the city landscape.\nOn September 16, 1882, Miesbach became the starting point for the first long distance transmission of electric power in the world. A 1,343 voltage power transmission line transferred electricity from Miesbach over a distance of 35 miles (57 km) to Munich.\nThe starting point was the technologically advanced Miesbach mine, where electricity was generated using a steam engine. On the receiving end in the Munich Glass Palace, an electric pump powered an artificial waterfall. With this, Oskar von Miller and Marcel Deprez were able to show that electric power could indeed be transferred over long distances.\nMiesbach is the birthplace of Verismo painter Christian Schad.", "Q547783": "Tielman (or Tylman) Susato (c. 1510/15 \u2013 after 1570) was a Renaissance composer, instrumentalist and publisher of music in Antwerp.", "Q1572529": "The Hanthawaddy Kingdom (Burmese: \u101f\u1036\u101e\u102c\u101d\u1010\u102e \u1014\u1031\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a; Mon: \u101f\u1036\u101e\u102c\u101d\u1010\u1033, [h\u0254\u014bsaw\u0259t\u0254e]; also Hanthawaddy Pegu or simply Pegu) was the Mon kingdom that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and from 1550 to 1552. The Mon-speaking kingdom was founded as Rama\u00f1\u00f1adesa (Burmese: \u101b\u102c\u1019\u100a\u1012\u1031\u101e, Mon: \u101b\u1038\u1019\u100a) by King Wareru following the collapse of the Pagan Kingdom in 1287 as a nominal vassal state of the Sukhothai Kingdom and of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. The kingdom became formally independent of Sukhothai in 1330 but remained a loose federation of three major regional power centres: the Irrawaddy Delta, Bago, and Mottama. Its kings had little or no authority over the vassals. Mottama was in open rebellion from 1363 to 1388.", "Q313189": "Sch\u00f6neberg is a locality of Berlin, Germany. Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was a separate borough including the locality of Friedenau. Together with the former borough of Tempelhof it is now part of the new borough of Tempelhof-Sch\u00f6neberg.", "Q66232": "Ludolf Hermann Emmanuel Georg Kurt Werner von Alvensleben (17 March 1901 \u2013 1 April 1970) was an SS functionary of Nazi Germany. He held positions of SS and Police Leader in occupied Poland and the Soviet Union, and was indicted for war crimes including the killing of at least 4,247 Poles by units under his command.", "Q282690": "The Group of Thirty, often abbreviated to G30, is an international body of leading financiers and academics which aims to deepen understanding of economic and financial issues and to examine consequences of decisions made in the public and private sectors related to these issues. Topical areas within the interest of the group include: the foreign exchange market, international capital markets, international financial institutions, central banks and their supervision of financial services and markets, and macroeconomic issues such as product and labor markets.\nThe group is noted for its advocacy of changes in global clearing and settlement.", "Q566995": "Annie Cohen Kopchovsky (1870\u201311 November 1947), known as Annie Londonderry, was a Latvian immigrant to the United States who in 1894\u201395 became the first woman to bicycle around the world.", "Q153501": "Mae Busch (born Annie May Busch, 18 June 1891 \u2013 20 April 1946) was an Australian-born actress who worked in both silent and sound films in early Hollywood. In the latter part of her career she appeared in many Laurel and Hardy comedies, where she frequently played Hardy's shrewish wife.", "Q69101": "Isorno is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 10 April 2016 the former municipalities of Vergeletto, Gresso, Mosogno and Isorno merged into the municipality of Onsernone.The former municipality was created in 2001 by a merger of Auressio, Berzona and Loco.", "Q708038": "The Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science (German Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaften) was a German scientific institution established in the German Empire in 1911. Its functions were taken over by the Max Planck Society. The Kaiser Wilhelm Society was an umbrella organisation for many institutes, testing stations, and research units created under its authority.", "Q21179": "S\u00f8nderborg (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u00f8n\u0250\u02ccp\u0252\u02c0] - (German: Sonderburg ) is a Danish town in the Region of Southern Denmark. It is the main town and the administrative seat of S\u00f8nderborg Municipality (Kommune). The town has a population of 27,801 (1 January 2019), in a municipality of 74,561. In recent times, S\u00f8nderborg is a center for trade, tourism, industry and education in the region of Southern Denmark. The town is the headquarters for several industrial companies.", "Q1320752": "Griff Williams (born 1911, La Grande, Oregon - died February 1959, Chicago) was an American dance bandleader and pianist.\nWilliams led a college band at Stanford University in the early 1930s and was a member of the Anson Weeks Orchestra in 1932. Soon after he formed his own group in San Francisco, which included Buddy Moreno as a vocalist, and had its first major engagement at the supper club Edgewater Beach Hotel in October 1933. He toured throughout the United States in the 1930s before relocating to Chicago for another engagement at the Stevens Hotel, where he worked from 1939 through about 1944.\nWilliams recorded for Okeh, Varsity, and Columbia, and led his band full-time until 1953, when he began working for the trade magazine publisher Haywood. He still played occasional dates with the group in the middle of the decade, including on television, but in 1957 became vice president of Haywood, essentially ending his music career. He died of a heart attack in 1959.", "Q36405": "Aberdeen ( (listen); Scots: Aiberdeen, listen ; Scottish Gaelic: Obar Dheathain [op\u0259\u027e \u02c8\u025b.\u025b\u0272]; Latin: Aberdonia) is a city in northeast Scotland. It is Scotland's third most populous city, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom's 39th most populous built-up area, with an official population estimate of 196,670 for the city of Aberdeen and 227,560 for the local council area.During the mid-18th to mid-20th centuries, Aberdeen's buildings incorporated locally quarried grey granite, which can sparkle like silver because of its high mica content. Since the discovery of North Sea oil in the 1970s, Aberdeen has been known as the off-shore oil capital of Europe.\nThe area around Aberdeen has been settled for at least 8,000 years, when prehistoric villages lay around the mouths of the rivers Dee and Don. The city has a long, sandy coastline and a marine climate, the latter resulting in chilly summers and mild winters.\nAberdeen received Royal burgh status from David I of Scotland (1124\u20131153), transforming the city economically. The city has two universities, the University of Aberdeen, founded in 1495, and Robert Gordon University, which was awarded university status in 1992, making Aberdeen the educational centre of north-east Scotland. The traditional industries of fishing, paper-making, shipbuilding, and textiles have been overtaken by the oil industry and Aberdeen's seaport. Aberdeen Heliport is one of the busiest commercial heliports in the world and the seaport is the largest in the north-east of Scotland.Aberdeen used to host the Aberdeen International Youth Festival, a major international event which attracted up to 1000 of the most talented young performing arts companies but the council ended funding in 2017 and the festival was wound up in 2018. In 2015, Mercer named Aberdeen the 57th most liveable city in the world, as well as the fourth most liveable city in Britain. In 2012, HSBC named Aberdeen as a leading business hub and one of eight 'super cities' spearheading the UK's economy, marking it as the only city in Scotland to receive this accolade. In 2018, Aberdeen was found to be the best city in the UK to start a business in a study released by card payment firm Paymentsense.", "Q70450": "Provence is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q266270": "Yaphet Frederick Kotto (born November 15, 1939) is an American actor known for numerous film roles, as well as starring in the NBC television series Homicide: Life on the Street (1993\u201399) as Lieutenant Al Giardello. His films include the science-fiction/horror film Alien (1979), and the Arnold Schwarzenegger science-fiction/action film The Running Man (1987). He portrayed the main villain Dr. Kananga/Mr. Big in the James Bond movie Live and Let Die (1973). He appeared opposite Robert De Niro in the comedy thriller Midnight Run (1988) as FBI Agent Alonzo Mosley.", "Q1702076": "John Wesley Snyder (June 21, 1895 \u2013 October 8, 1985) was an American businessman and senior federal government official. Thanks to a close personal friendship with President Harry S Truman, he became Secretary of the Treasury in the Truman administration. He is the first native-born Arkansan to hold a US Cabinet post. Historian Alonzo Hamby emphasizes Snyder's conservatism, stating that he was openly skeptical of New Dealism, broad-gauged social programs, and intellectuals who believed the economy could be run from Washington.", "Q69115": "Hermann H\u00f6cherl (31 March 1912 \u2013 18 May 1989) was a German politician of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU). He served as Federal Ministry of the Interior from 1961 to 1965 and as Federal Minister for Food, Agriculture and Forests from 1965 to 1969", "Q115540": "Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1 April 1936 in Vevey \u2013 4 October 1998 in Lausanne) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1983\u20131998). \nHe obtained a degree in political science in 1960 from the University of Lausanne and became that same year deputy director of the Swiss National Exhibition (Expo 64). He was a member of the Lausanne City Parliament for ten years (1960\u201370). In 1970, he was elected to the Municipal Council in charge of Public works.\nAfter the election of Georges-Andr\u00e9 Chevallaz to the Federal Council, Delamuraz was appointed Mayor of Lausanne, and from 1981 to 1983 was a member of the Government of the Canton of Vaud in charge of the Department of Agriculture, Industry and Trade. He belonged to the National Council from 1975 until 1983, and was for two years chairman of the control committee. He fought for Switzerland's membership of the European Economic Area and of the World Trade Organization, and played a decisive role in shaping the new Swiss agricultural policy.\nDelamuraz was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 7 December 1983 and handed over office on 30 March 1998. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party and served as secretary general of its Vaud (cantonal) section. He started the bilateral negotiations that led to the adoption of seven agreements with the European Union.\nDuring his time in office he held the following departments:\n\nFederal Military Department (1984\u20131986)\nFederal Department of Economic Affairs (1987\u20131998)He was also President of the Confederation twice, in 1989 and 1996.\nDelamuraz was elected honorary president of the New Swiss European Movement (Nomes). \n\nHe died a few months after his resignation leaving a widow, Catherine Delamuraz, a son and a daughter.", "Q435315": "Olivia Margarette Brown (born April 10, 1960) is an American actress, best-known for her role as detective Trudy Joplin in the NBC crime drama series Miami Vice (1984-1989).\n\n", "Q67138": "Herbert Rosendorfer (19 February 1934 in Bolzano \u2013 20 September 2012 in Eppan, South Tyrol) - German jurist and writer.", "Q103322": "Carl or Karl Hildebrand von Canstein (4 August 1667 \u2013 19 August 1719), Baron or Count of Canstein, was a German aristocrat who founded the Canstein Bible Institute (German: Cansteinsche Bibelanstalt) in Halle, Brandenburg-Prussia, the first modern Bible society.", "Q364315": "Jacques Attali (French: [\u0292ak atali]; born 1 November 1943) is a French economic and social theorist, writer, political adviser and senior civil servant, who served as a counselor to President Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand from 1981 to 1991 and was the first head of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 1991-1993. In 1997, upon the request of education minister Claude All\u00e8gre, he proposed a reform of the higher education degrees system. In 2008-2010, he led the government committee on how to ignite the growth of the French economy, under President Nicolas Sarkozy.\nAttali co-founded the European program EUREKA, dedicated to the development of new technologies. He also founded the non-profit organization PlaNet Finance and is the head of Attali & Associates (A&A), an international consultancy firm on strategy, corporate finance and venture capital. Interested in the arts, he has been nominated to serve on the board of the Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay. He has published more than fifty books, including Noise: The Political Economy of Music (1985), Labyrinth in Culture and Society: Pathways to Wisdom (1999), and A Brief History of the Future (2006).\nIn 2009, Foreign Policy recognized him as one of the top 100 \"global thinkers\" in the world.", "Q688638": "The Mont Pelerin Society (MPS) is an international neoliberal organization composed of economists, philosophers, historians, intellectuals and business leaders. The members see the MPS as an effort to interpret in modern terms the fundamental principles of economic society as expressed by classical Western economists, political scientists and philosophers. Its founders included Friedrich Hayek, Frank Knight, Karl Popper, Ludwig von Mises, George Stigler and Milton Friedman. The society advocates freedom of expression, free market economic policies and the political values of an open society. Further, the society seeks to discover ways in which free enterprise can replace many functions currently provided by government entities.\n\n", "Q999310": "Albert C. \"Buck\" Griffin (February 23, 1923 \u2013 February 14, 2009) was an American country musician and songwriter. He was a popular performer live and on radio, though he never scored a hit on record, and was compared to Hank Williams and Conway Twitty.\nGriffin was born in Corsicana, Texas and was raised in Oklahoma and Missouri. He began playing guitar at age 12 and sang lead in a high school dance band. After school Griffin took jobs as a ditch digger and oil driller in Kansas, where he played in local clubs. In the late 1940s he was offered a slot on Oklahoma City radio station WKY under the name Chuck Wyman.\nJoe Leonard, owner of a Gainesville, Texas radio station, offered Griffin a contract on Lin Records in 1954, and had him record his first single at the studios of Dallas's WFAA. \"It Don't Make No Nevermind\" b/w \"Meadowlark Boogie\" was his first release, but it went nowhere, and several more releases later in 1954 (some of which featured members of Bob Wills's band) also failed to attract attention. Despite this, Griffin was a popular live performer, performing with Red Foley and Marty Robbins among others. Additionally, he did well as a songwriter; his \"Goin' Home All Alone\" was recorded by Wade Ray, and Janis Martin did a version of his failed single \"Let's Elope, Baby\". He appeared on ABC-TV's Talent Varieties on August 2, 1955, singing \"Next to Mine\".In 1956, Griffin contracted with the Dallas radio show Big D Jamboree, and MGM Records picked up his previous Lin Records releases for national distribution. Though MGM released 45s from Griffin into the early 1960s, he never scored a hit; later releases on Holiday Inn Records fared no better.\nIn 1963 Griffin started Rotary Records and recorded several singles on that label as well as having a local television show on KCKT in Hoisington, Kansas. \nFrom 1965 Griffin sold Bibles and worked as a Driller in the Kansas and Oklahoma oilfields as well as becoming a licensed pilot, owning several airplanes. He was a major force behind the building of an airstrip south of Hoisington, Kansas.\nHe still wrote and published songs and occasionally recorded. In the 1970s his chronic asthma became a barrier to performing. He died of complications to emphysema on February 14, 2009 in Sayre, Oklahoma.", "Q454927": "Kenz\u014d Takada (\u9ad8\u7530 \u8ce2\u4e09, Takada Kenz\u014d) is a Japanese-French fashion designer. He is also the founder of Kenzo, a worldwide brand of perfumes, skincare products and clothes, and is the acting Honorary President of the Asian Couture Federation.\n\n", "Q675945": "Hendrik \"Hein\" Vos (5 July 1903 \u2013 23 April 1972) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) and later the Labour Party (PvdA) and economist.Vos attended a Gymnasium in Heerenveen from April 1917 until May 1921 and applied at the Delft Institute of Technology in June 1921 majoring in Electrical engineering and obtaining an Bachelor of Engineering degree in June 1923 before graduating with an Master of Engineering degree in July 1927. Vos worked as a civil servant for the municipality of Deventer from July 1927 until September 1928 and for the Patent Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs from September 1928 until July 1934. Vos served on the Municipal Council of Rijswijk from 1 September 1931 until 22 July 1934. Vos worked as a trade union leader for the Dutch Trade Unions association (NVV) from July 1934 until 8 June 1937 and as the director of the Social Democratic Workers' Party think tank from July 1934 until May 1940. Vos also served as Editor-in-chief of the party newspaper Vrijheid, Arbeid en Brood from June 1935 until May 1940. Vos served on the Municipal Council of Amsterdam from 3 September 1935 until 5 September 1939.\nVos was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1937, taking office on 8 June 1937 serving as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Economic Affairs. On 10 May 1940 Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands and the government fled to London to escape the German occupation. During the German occupation Vos continued to serve as a Member of the House of Representatives in in name only but in reality the de facto political influence of the House of Representatives was marginalized by the German occupation authority. Following the end of World War II Queen Wilhelmina ordered the formation of a Government of National unity to serve as a caretaker capacity until the new election with Vos appointed as Minister of Commerce and Industry in the Cabinet Schermerhorn\u2013Drees, taking office on 25 June 1945. On 9 February 1946 the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) choose to merge to form the Labour Party (PvdA). After the election of 1946 Vos returned as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 4 June 1946. Following the cabinet formation of 1946 Vos was appointed as Minister of Transport in the Cabinet Beel I, taking office on 3 July 1946. Vos served as acting Minister of Public Works and Reconstruction from 15 November 1946 until 3 March 1947 following the resignation Johan Ringers. On 1 March 1947 the Minister of Transport was renamed as the Minister of Transport and Water Management. After the election of 1948 Vos again returned as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 27 July 1948. Following the cabinet formation of 1948 Vos was not giving a cabinet post in the new cabinet, the Cabinet Beel I was replaced by the Cabinet Drees-Van Schaik on 7 August 1948 and he continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Economic Affairs and Small business.\nIn December 1948 Vos was named as Chief executive officer (CEO) of the insurance company NV Centrale Algemene Levensverzekeringsmaatschappij, he resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives on 16 December 1948 and was installed as CEO on 1 January 1949. Vos remained in active in national politics, he served as Chairman of the Labour Party from 5 June 1953 until 23 February 1955. Vos was elected as a Member of the Senate after the Senate election of 1956, taking office on 6 November 1956 serving as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Finances and Agriculture. After the Senate election of 1960 Vos was selected as Parliamentary leader of the Labour Party in the Senate, taking office on 15 November 1960. In February 1968 Vos was nominated as a Member of the Council of State, he resigned as Parliamentary leader and as a Member of the House of Representatives on 16 February 1968 and was installed as a Member of the Council of State, taking office on 21 February 1968.\nVos was known for his abilities as a manager and policy wonk. He holds the distinction as the first known LGBT Member of the House of Representatives and government Minister of the Netherlands, this fact was an open secret in Dutch politics at that time.", "Q374106": "Tam\u00e1s L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Fellegi (born 7 January 1956) is a Hungarian politician, jurist, political scientist, businessman, who served as Minister of National Development in Viktor Orb\u00e1n's government from May 29, 2010 to December 14, 2011. After that he was a minister without portfolio in Orb\u00e1n II Cabinet. Between 1996 and 2000 Sectoral Director, then CEE of Legal and Governmental Affairs of Hungarian Telecom (MAT\u00c1V Rt.). Currently, he is Managing Partner of EuroAtlantic Solutions, an international consultancy firm. In 2013, EuroAtlantic Solutions joined the Prime Policy Group consortium and registered as a foreign agent at the U.S. Department of Justice under the Foreign Agent Registration Act for its US-based activities political activities carried out on behalf of the Hungarian government. Fellegi also serves as president of the Hungary Initiatives Foundation, a foundation created in November 2013 at the order Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orb\u00e1n.", "Q155164": "Imran Ahmed Khan Niazi (Urdu: \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200e; born 5 October 1952) is the 22nd and current Prime Minister of Pakistan and the chairman of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). Before entering politics, Khan was an international cricketer and captain of the Pakistan national cricket team, which he led to victory in the 1992 Cricket World Cup.Khan was born to a Pashtun family of Mianwali in Lahore in 1952; he was educated at Aitchison College in Lahore, then the Royal Grammar School Worcester in Worcester, and later at Keble College, Oxford. He started playing cricket at age 13, and made his debut for the Pakistan national cricket team at age 18, during a 1971 Test series against England. After graduating from Oxford, he made his home debut for Pakistan in 1976, and played until 1992. He also served as the team's captain intermittently between 1982 and 1992, notably leading Pakistan to victory at the 1992 Cricket World Cup, Pakistan's first and only victory in the competition.Khan retired from cricket in 1992, as one of Pakistan's most successful players. In total he made 3,807 runs and took 362 wickets in Test cricket, and is one of eight world cricketers to have achieved an 'All-rounder's Triple' in Test matches. After retiring, he faced scandal after admitting to tampering with the ball with a bottle top in his youth. In 2003, he became a coach in Pakistan's domestic cricket circuit, and in 2010, he was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.\nIn 1991, he launched a fundraising campaign to set up a cancer hospital in memory of his mother. He raised $25 million to set up a hospital in Lahore in 1994, and set up a second hospital in Peshawar in 2015. Khan remains a prominent philanthropist and commentator, having expanded the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital to also include a research centre, and founded Namal College in 2008. Khan also served as the chancellor of the University of Bradford between 2005 and 2014, and was the recipient of an honorary fellowship by the Royal College of Physicians in 2012.In April 1996, Khan founded the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (lit: Pakistan Movement for Justice), a centrist political party, and became the party's national leader. Khan contested for a seat in the National Assembly in October 2002 and served as an opposition member from Mianwali until 2007. He was again elected to the parliament in the 2013 elections, when his party emerged as the second largest in the country by popular vote. Khan served as the parliamentary leader of the party and led the third-largest block of parliamentarians in the National Assembly from 2013 to 2018. His party also led a coalition government in the north-western province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In the 2018 general elections, his party won the largest number of seats and defeated the ruling PML-N, bringing Khan to premiership and the PTI into federal government for the first time.", "Q1053076": "Kotaro Oshio (\u62bc\u5c3e \u30b3\u30fc\u30bf\u30ed\u30fc, Oshio K\u014dtar\u014d, real name: \u62bc\u5c3e \u5149\u592a\u90ce) is an acoustic guitarist from Japan. Born in Suita, Osaka, on February 1, 1968, he is best known for his work on the steel string guitar. Oshio is a part of Sony Music Japan's SME Records division. Oshio was voted the second greatest Japanese guitarist in a 2019 poll held by goo.", "Q264467": "Sissi \u2013 The Young Empress (German: Sissi \u2013 Die junge Kaiserin) is a 1956 Austrian film directed by Ernst Marischka and starring Romy Schneider, Karlheinz B\u00f6hm, Magda Schneider, Uta Franz, Gustav Knuth, Vilma Degischer and Josef Meinrad. It was entered into the 1957 Cannes Film Festival. It is the second film in the Sissi trilogy, following Sissi and preceding Sissi \u2013 Fateful Years of an Empress. This movie in three parts tells the famous story of the Empress of Austria best known as Sissi.", "Q428422": "Anna Weronika Bielicka (9 November 1915 \u2013 9 March 2006) was a Polish singer and actress who was known by the name Hanna and its affectionate diminutive Hanka.", "Q5482339": "Sir Francis Ronalds FRS (21 February 1788 \u2013 8 August 1873) was an English scientist and inventor, and arguably the first electrical engineer. He was knighted for creating the first working electric telegraph over a substantial distance. In 1816 he laid an eight-mile length of iron wire between wooden frames in his garden and sent pulses using electrostatic generators.", "Q232621": "Anita Mui\n\nAnita Mui Yim-fong (traditional Chinese: \u6885\u8277\u82b3; simplified Chinese: \u6885\u8273\u82b3; Jyutping: Mui4 Jim6 Fong1; 10 October 1963 \u2013 30 December 2003) was a Hong Kong singer and actress making major contributions to the Cantopop music scene and receiving numerous awards and honours. She remained an idol throughout most of her career, and was generally regarded as a Cantopop diva.Mui once held a sold-out concert in Hammersmith, London, England, where she was dubbed the \"Madonna of the East\" (\u6771\u65b9\u9ea5\u7576\u5a1c), which brought her to further international fame. That title stayed with her throughout her career, in both Eastern and Western media.In the 1980s, the gangtai style of music was revolutionised by Mui's wild dancing and on-stage femininity. She was famed for her outrageous costumes and high-powered performances in combination with contralto vocals, which are rare in female artists.Her fan base reached far beyond Hong Kong into many parts of Asia, including Taiwan, mainland China, Singapore and Malaysia, and other countries, as well. In the Hong Kong entertainment industry, where stars often rise and fall quickly, Mui remained in the spotlight for 21 years (1982\u20132003). Her career came to an abrupt halt in 2003 when she announced that she had cervical cancer. She died later that year at the age of 40.", "Q55834": "Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski ( VOY-chekh YARR-oo-ZEL-skee, also UK: -\u2060 YARR-uu-, US: -\u2060 YAR-oo-, Polish: [\u02c8v\u0254jt\u0255\u025b\u0263 \u02c8vit\u0254lt jaru\u02c8z\u025blsk\u02b2i] (listen); 6 July 1923 \u2013 25 May 2014) was a Polish military officer, politician and de facto dictator of communist Poland from 1981 until 1989. He was the First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party between 1981 and 1989, making him the last leader of the Polish People's Republic. Jaruzelski served as Prime Minister from 1981 to 1985, the Chairman of the Council of State from 1985 to 1989 and briefly as President of Poland from 1989 to 1990, when the office of President was restored after 37 years. He was also the last commander-in-chief of the Polish People's Army, disbanded in 1989. \nBorn to Polish nobility in Kur\u00f3w in eastern Poland, Jaruzelski was deported with his family to Siberia by the NKVD after the invasion of Poland. Assigned to forced labour in the Siberian wilderness, he developed photokeratitis or snow blindness which forced him to wear protective sunglasses for the rest of his life. In 1943, Jaruzelski joined the newly created First Polish Army and fought alongside the Soviets against Nazi Germany in the Eastern Front, most notably he took part in the liberation of Warsaw and in the Battle of Berlin. Following the Polish October and the expatriation of Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky back to the Soviet Union, Jaruzelski became the chief political officer of the Polish People's Army and eventually Polish Minister of Defence in 1968.\nJaruzelski became the First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party and leader of Poland after the brief one-year term of Stanis\u0142aw Kania. Kania's predecessor, Edward Gierek, left Poland severely indebted by accepting loans from foreign creditors and the country's economy almost collapsed by the time Jaruzelski became head of state. As Poland headed towards insolvency, rationing was enforced due to shortages of basic goods, which only contributed to the tense social and political situation. The declining living and working conditions triggered anger among the masses and strengthened anti-communist sentiment; the Solidarity movement was also gaining support which worried the Polish Central Committee and the Soviet Union that viewed Solidarity as a threat to the Warsaw Pact. Fearing a Soviet intervention similar to that in Hungary (1956) and Czechoslovakia (1968), Jaruzelski imposed martial law in Poland on 13 December 1981 to crush the pro-democratic opposition. The military junta, curfew and travel restrictions lasted until 22 July 1983.\nBy the mid-1980s, censorship lost its importance and the authority of the United Workers' Party disintegrated, thus allowing more freedom in already liberal Poland. During the revolutions of 1989 in Central and Eastern Europe, Jaruzelski supported the change of government for the benefit of the country and resigned after the Polish Round Table Agreement, which led to multi-party elections in Poland. He briefly served as President of Poland but exercised no real power and, in the 1990 Polish presidential election, Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa succeeded him as the first President elected in a popular vote. \nJaruzelski remains a controversial figure in Poland today; he was fiercely criticized by contemporaries for instigating martial law, during which thousands of opposition activists were imprisoned without definite charges and as many as 91 were killed. However, some have praised him for doing so in order to prevent a Soviet intervention that would have destabilized the Eastern Bloc. Nevertheless, Jaruzelski remained a patriot and sought political independence for each member country of the Warsaw Pact.", "Q575043": "Alfred Austin (30 May 1835 \u2013 2 June 1913) was an English poet who was appointed Poet Laureate in 1896, after an interval following the death of Tennyson, when the other candidates had either caused controversy or refused the honour. It was claimed that he was being rewarded for his support for the Conservative leader Lord Salisbury in the General Election of 1895. Austin's poems are little-remembered today, his most popular work being prose idylls celebrating nature.", "Q437502": "Milena Vukotic (Italian: [mi\u02c8l\u025b\u02d0na \u02c8vu\u02d0kotit\u0283], Montenegrin: [m\u00eelena \u028b\u01d4kotit\u0255]; born 23 April 1935) is an Italian former ballerina and a stage, television, and film actress.", "Q1531410": "Mercan Dede (born Ark\u0131n Il\u0131cal\u0131, 1966, Bursa, Turkey), also known as DJ Arkin Allen, is a Turkish composer, ney and bendir player, DJ and producer. He divides his time between Turkey, Europe and North America. He is a world music artist, playing a fusion of traditional acoustic Turkish and other oriental musics with electronic sounds.\nHis best known albums include Seyahatname, Su ( water), and Nar. He has worked in collaboration with Turkish and international musicians such as Susheela Raman, Azam Ali, Dhafer Youssef, Sheema Mukherjee (Transglobal Underground) and Hugh Marsh.", "Q118064": "Johann Heinrich Meyer (16 March 1760, St\u00e4fa, Z\u00fcrich - 14 October 1832, Jena) was a Swiss painter and art writer active in Weimar. A pupil of Henry Fuseli, he went to Rome in 1784, and befriended Goethe in 1787, becoming his right-hand-man in artistic matters (with the nicknames Kunschtmeyer and Goethemeyer). From 1791 he lived in Weimar, working from 1806 as director of its F\u00fcrstlichen freien Zeichenschule.", "Q204393": "Clorinda Fiorentino (born March 9, 1958 or 1960, sources differ) is an American actress. Fiorentino made her screen debut with a leading role in the 1985 coming-of-age drama film Vision Quest, followed that same year with a lead role in the action film Gotcha! and an appearance in the film After Hours. Fiorentino gained attention for her lead roles in the erotic thriller Jade (1995), the science-fiction action comedy film Men in Black (1997) and the fantasy comedy Dogma (1999). For her performance in the 1994 film The Last Seduction, she won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress, the London Film Critics' Circle Award for Actress of the Year, and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role.", "Q366502": "Villard de Honnecourt (Wilars dehonecort, Vilars de Honecourt) was a 13th-century artist from Picardy in northern France. He is known to history only through a surviving portfolio or \"sketchbook\" containing about 250 drawings and designs of a wide variety of subjects.", "Q52183": "Sheikh Hasina (Bengali: \u09b6\u09c7\u0996 \u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u09be \u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09a6; English: , SHAYK h\u0259-SEE-n\u0259; born 28 September 1947), also known by her married name Sheikh Hasina Wazed, is a Bangladeshi politician serving as the 10th Prime Minister of Bangladesh, having held the office since January 2009. She had previously served as Prime Minister from 1996 to 2001. She is the longest-serving prime minister in the history of Bangladesh.\nShe is the daughter of Bangladesh's first President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Sheikh Hasina is the eldest of his five children. Her political career has spanned more than four decades. She previously served as opposition leader from 1986 to 1990 and from 1991 to 1995, as Prime Minister from 1996 to 2001, and has been leading the Bangladesh Awami League since 1981. In 2008, she returned as Prime Minister with a landslide victory. In January 2014, she became prime minister for a third term in an unopposed election, in an election boycotted by the opposition and criticised by international observers. She won a fourth term in December 2018, following an election marred with violence and criticised by the opposition as being rigged.\nHasina is considered one of the most powerful women in the world, ranking 26th on Forbes' list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women in 2018, and 30th in 2017. Sheikh Hasina has also made a list of \"top 100 Global Thinkers\" of the present decade. She is a member of the Council of Women World Leaders, an International network of current and former women presidents and prime ministers.She has also been praised for economic growth under her tenure.", "Q24015": "Stephen Clark Bullock (born April 11, 1966) is an American politician, lawyer, and former professor serving as the 24th and current Governor of Montana since 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Party.\nBorn in Missoula, Montana, Bullock graduated from Claremont McKenna College and Columbia Law School. He began his career working as legal counsel to the Secretary of State of Montana before becoming the Executive Assistant Attorney General and acting Chief Deputy Attorney General of Montana. Bullock then entered private practice as an lawyer for Steptoe & Johnson. He was an adjunct professor at the George Washington University Law School before opening his own law firm upon returning to Montana. In 2008, Bullock was elected Attorney General of Montana, and he served one term from 2009 to 2013.\nBullock declared his candidacy for Governor of Montana on September 7, 2011. The seat was open in 2012, as incumbent Governor Brian Schweitzer, a Democrat, could not seek reelection due to term limits. Bullock won the Democratic primary with 87% of the vote and defeated Republican nominee Rick Hill in the general election with 48% of the vote. In 2016, Bullock won re-election with 50.2% of the vote, defeating Republican nominee Greg Gianforte.Bullock chaired the National Governors Association from 2018 to 2019. He was a Democratic candidate for President of the United States in 2020. After suspending his presidential campaign, he announced his candidacy for the United States Senate in the 2020 election.\n\n", "Q62040": "Jean Dufresne (14 February 1829 \u2013 13 April 1893) was a German chess player and chess composer. He was a student of Adolf Anderssen, to whom he lost the \"Evergreen game\" in 1852.", "Q87972": "Heinrich Ernst Gottfried Rudolf Wiegmann (17 April 1804, Nordstemmen \u2013 17 April 1865, D\u00fcsseldorf) was a German painter, archaeologist, art historian, graphic artist and architect. He worked in the Classical style and, as a painter, is best known for his vedute. His wife, Marie Hancke, whom he married in 1841, was also a painter of some note.", "Q111726": "Franz Neumayr (17 January 1697 \u2013 1 May 1765) was a German Jesuit preacher, writer on theological, controversial and ascetical subjects, and author of many Latin dramas on sacred themes.", "Q272205": "Starhawk (born Miriam Simos on June 17, 1951) is an American writer, teacher and activist. She is known as a theorist of feminist Neopaganism and ecofeminism. She is a columnist for Beliefnet.com and for On Faith, the Newsweek/Washington Post online forum on religion. Her book The Spiral Dance (1979) was one of the main inspirations behind the Goddess movement.\nIn 2013, she was listed in Watkins' Mind Body Spirit magazine as one of the 100 Most Spiritually Influential Living People.\n\n", "Q286384": "Stone Stockton Phillips (born December 2, 1954) is an American television reporter and correspondent. He is best known as the former co-anchor of Dateline NBC, a news magazine TV series. He also has worked as a substitute anchor for NBC Nightly News and Today and as a substitute moderator on Meet the Press. Prior to his tenure at NBC, he was an ABC News correspondent for 20/20 and World News Tonight.\n\n", "Q1643758": "The Central University of Ecuador (Spanish: Universidad Central del Ecuador) is a national university located in Quito, Ecuador and is the oldest and largest university in Ecuador, and one of the oldest in the Americas. The enrollment at Central University of Ecuador is over 10,000 students per year.\nOne of the cornerstones of Central University of Ecuador is the medical school, which is one of the best in the country.", "Q131390": "300 is a 2007 American period action film based on the 1998 comic series of the same name by Frank Miller and Lynn Varley. Both are fictionalized retellings of the Battle of Thermopylae within the Persian Wars. The film was directed by Zack Snyder, while Miller served as executive producer and consultant. It was filmed mostly with a superimposition chroma key technique, to help replicate the imagery of the original comic book.\nThe plot revolves around King Leonidas (Gerard Butler), who leads 300 Spartans into battle against the Persian \"God-King\" Xerxes (Rodrigo Santoro) and his invading army of more than 300,000 soldiers. As the battle rages, Queen Gorgo (Lena Headey) attempts to rally support in Sparta for her husband. The story is framed by a voice-over narrative by the Spartan soldier Dilios (David Wenham). Through this narrative technique, various fantastical creatures are introduced, placing 300 within the genre of historical fantasy.\n300 was released for the first time in Austin Butt-Numb-A-Thon on December 9, 2006, later released in Berlin International Film Festival on February 14, 2007, and finally released in both conventional and IMAX theaters in the United States on March 9, 2007, and on DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and HD DVD on July 31, 2007. The film received mixed to positive reviews from critics, which included praise for its original visuals and style but criticism for its depiction of the Persians, which some characterized as bigoted or Iranophobic. Even so, the film was a box office success, grossing over $450 million, and the film's opening was the 24th-largest in box office history at the time. A sequel, titled Rise of an Empire, based on Miller's previously unpublished graphic novel prequel Xerxes, was released on March 7, 2014.", "Q62726": "Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig Hagen (3 March 1797 \u2013 3 February 1884) was a German civil engineer who made important contributions to fluid dynamics, hydraulic engineering and probability theory.\n\n", "Q272563": "Mollie Sugden (21 July 1922 \u2013 1 July 2009) was an English comedy actress, best known for portraying the saleswoman Mrs Slocombe in the British sitcom Are You Being Served? (1972\u201385). She later reprised this role in Grace & Favour (1992\u201393), Sugden and her co-star John Inman would become cult figures in America, so much so she was asked to appear in Donizetti's opera, La fille du regiment, in a non-singing role. Sugden appeared in many other television series, including The Liver Birds, That's My Boy and Coronation Street.", "Q72535": "Rainer Rupp (born September 21, 1945 in Saarlouis, Germany) is a former top spy who worked under the codenames Mosel and later Topaz for the East German intelligence service HVA (General Reconnaissance Administration) in the NATO headquarters in Brussels from 1977 until 1989, releasing documents of the highest importance (Cosmic Top Secret) to the Eastern Bloc.", "Q937835": "Michael David Herr (April 13, 1940 \u2013 June 23, 2016) was an American writer and war correspondent, known as the author of Dispatches (1977), a memoir of his time as a correspondent for Esquire magazine (1967\u20131969) during the Vietnam War. The book was called the best \"to have been written about the Vietnam War\" by The New York Times Book Review. Novelist John le Carr\u00e9 called it \"the best book I have ever read on men and war in our time.\"", "Q233259": "Lisa Ann (born May 9, 1972) is an American pornographic actress and radio personality. She has also worked as a director and talent agent. She is considered to be the most popular pornographic actress in the world, and has received mainstream notice for parodying former Governor of Alaska Sarah Palin in six adult films and a music video. She is a member of the AVN, XRCO, and Urban X Halls of Fame.\nAnn entered the adult film industry in 1994. She quit porn in 1997 due to an AIDS scare in the industry, however she resumed performing in February 2006. In 2008, Ann starred as \"Serra Paylin,\" a parody of Republican vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin, in Hustler Video's Who's Nailin' Paylin?, which was released on Election Day. Her directorial film, MILF Revolution, was released on August 5, 2013 and won the 2014 AVN Award for \"Best MILF Release\". In December 2014, she launched Porn Stars Boot Camp, a consulting firm, and also announced her retirement from performing in adult films; she had a breast reduction surgery shortly after retiring as part of her return to a normal life. Ann announced her comeback to the adult industry four years later and signed with Evil Angel.\nAnn mainstream appearances include appearing on The Howard Stern Show as a \"Snapple Girl\", prior to the beginning of her adult entertainment career. She played as Palin in the music video for the song \"We Made You\" by Eminem. She voiced a character known as \"Prostitute #2\" in the video game Grand Theft Auto V, released in September 2013. Ann appeared alongside Rayveness and Cory Chase in the Showtime series Billions season 4 episode 7 titled Infinite Game. In 2013, she hosted a show titled Stripper Town on Sirius XM. In early 2016, she got involved with fantasy baseball.", "Q563147": "Alexander Alexandrovich Arkhangelsky (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, 1892\u20131978) was an aircraft designer and doctor of technical sciences.", "Q65049": "Flims (Romansh: Flem) is a municipality in the Imboden Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. The town of Flims is dominated by the Flimserstein which one can see from almost anywhere in the area.\nFlims consists of the village of Flims (called Flims Dorf) and the hamlets of Fidaz and Scheia as well as Flims-Waldhaus, the initial birthplace of tourism in Flims, where most of the hotels were built before and after around 1900.", "Q43930": "Reinhard Marx (born 21 September 1953) is a German cardinal of the Catholic Church. He serves as the Archbishop of Munich and Freising. Pope Benedict XVI elevated Marx to the cardinalate in a consistory in 2010.\n\n", "Q2165080": "The Saint Petersburg University of Economics. Is a new university established in 2012 by merging Saint Petersburg State University of Economics and Finance, Saint Petersburg State University of Engineering and Economics, and Saint Petersburg State University of Service and Economics.", "Q4969438": "The British American Drama Academy is a drama school in London, in the United Kingdom. It is affiliated with Sarah Lawrence College and Yale University.", "Q118702": "Werner Vetterli (28 July 1929 \u2013 14 June 2008) was a Swiss modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1952 and 1960 Summer Olympics. In 1956, Vetterli began to work for Schweizer Radio DRS, in 1965 for Swiss television as a reporter, presenter and producer. Between 1969 and 1976, he was the Swiss presenter of the TV series Aktenzeichen XY \u2026 ungel\u00f6st.", "Q91876": "Mich\u00e8le Marian (born 7 April 1963) is a German actress. She was born in East Berlin, East Germany.", "Q744554": "Vanessa Karen White (born 30 October 1989) is an English singer-songwriter, dancer and actress. White rose to fame in 2008 as a singer in the girl band The Saturdays, who are signed to Fascination and Polydor Records. She is signed to \"Salute The Sun\" as a solo artist. White began her career as a theatre actress at an early age, appearing in several West End productions. She played Young Nala in The Lion King and between 2000 and 2002, she was cast as one of the King's daughters in The King and I. White successfully auditioned for The Saturdays in 2007, after a period attempting to carve out a solo singing career. Once White had joined the band, they began recording music and releasing a number of hits. The group later gained another record deal with Geffen Records after having huge success in the United Kingdom. White and the rest of the group then signed a deal with Island Def Jam Records and Mercury Records to distribute their music in the United States, which led to their first UK number-one single \"What About Us\". White's vocal range has been compared to Christina Aguilera and Mariah Carey. White is the youngest member of the band.While still remaining a member of The Saturdays, White began to pursue music projects outside the group, firstly featuring on a number of songs by Master Shortie and Vince Kidd's \"The Zoo\". When The Saturdays decided to take a hiatus in 2014 after completing their Greatest Hits Live! tour, White decided to record her own solo music, recording with the likes of Wretch 32. She has released two Extended plays Chapter One and Chapter Two. White has appeared in a number of successful reality television shows, including Chasing the Saturdays (2013), The Saturdays: 24/7 (2011) and Ghosthunting with... The Saturdays (2010). As an individual, she also participated as a contestant in the first series of Popstar to Operastar and the seventeenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here.", "Q523563": "Edel SE & Co. KGaA is a German independent media company based in Hamburg, Germany. As a label and publishing group, it also operates marketing and sales for artists and smaller music labels. The repertoire of the Edel labels includes dance, rock and pop music to classical music and a children's catalogue. In addition to the development and marketing of music, the group also deals with the production, logistics and distribution of CDs, DVDs, Vinyls, and books at the production site of the subsidiary optimal media GmbH in R\u00f6bel/M\u00fcritz as well as with services in the online and book business.", "Q5033513": "Cantabile is a collection of poems written by Henrik, the Prince Consort of Denmark and published in 2000. It is illustrated by the Queen of Denmark, Margrethe II.\nThe book contains both the original poems by Prince Henrik, written in French, as well as Danish translations by Per Aage Brandt.", "Q74144": "Alexander Tsch\u00e4pp\u00e4t (16 April 1952 \u2013 4 May 2018) was a Swiss politician. Tsch\u00e4pp\u00e4t was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland. He has been a member of the National Council of Switzerland from 1991 to 2003 and again 2011 to 2018. He was mayor (Stadtpr\u00e4sident) of Bern 2005 until 2016.", "Q4024346": "Zhao Dayu (simplified Chinese: \u8d75\u8fbe\u88d5; traditional Chinese: \u8d99\u9054\u88d5; pinyin: Zh\u00e0o D\u00e1y\u00f9; 17 January 1961 \u2013 18 March 2015), also known as Tatsuyu Matsuki (\u677e\u6728 \u9054\u88d5, Matsuki Tatsuyu), was a Chinese coach, businessman and a former international football striker. He was a naturalized citizen of Japan.\nAs a footballer he played his whole career for Guangzhou F.C., where he was Nicknamed \"Dwarf Tiger\" because of his short sature, while internationally he was called up to the Chinese national team, where he took part in the 1984 Asian Cup. He had to retire early in 1986 due to injury and moved to Japan to become the coach of Mitsubishi Motors F.C. youth team in 1988. Zhao had a brief stint at senior management with Guangzhou F.C. before concentrating on football youth development by starting up his own school named Yida football school in his hometown while outside football he moved into sportswear manufacturing with a company called Ucan.", "Q85803": "Walter Guggenberger (born 23 August 1947 in Landeck) is an Austrian civil servant and politician (SP\u00d6). From 1983 to 1999, Guggenberger was member of the National Council of Austria.\nGuggenberger attended the elementary school from 1953 to 1957 and switched afterwards to the federal grammar school Landeck, where he passed his final exams. After this Guggenberger studied Jurisprudence at the University of Innsbruck and completed his degree with the academic grade Mag. jur. in 1972. He passed his court year in 1973 and since 1974 he is in the Civil Invalids\u2019 Office of Tyrol which he leads since 1986. In 1994 he was appointed Privy Councillor.\nSince 1980 Guggenberger is local councillor in Landeck and was member of the National Council from 1 December 1983 to 20 April 1999. Afterwards, form 30 March 1999 to 20 October 2003, Guggenberger was representative of the State Parliament of Tyrol and parliamentary party leader of SP\u00d6 Tyrol. From 1995 Guggenberger was furthermore member of the country's party's executive of SP\u00d6 Tyrol. In 1992 he founded with Andreas H\u00f6rtnagl and Andreas Maislinger the Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service. Guggenberger was awarded in 1992 the Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver for Services to the Republic of Austria and in 1999 the Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold for Services to the Republic of Austria by the National Council's President Heinz Fischer.", "Q236321": "Katherine Womeldorf Paterson (born October 31, 1932) is a Chinese-born American writer best known for children's novels. For four different books published 1975-1980, she won two Newbery Medals and two National Book Awards. She is one of three people to win the two major international awards; for \"lasting contribution to children's literature\" she won the biennial Hans Christian Andersen Award for Writing in 1998 and for her career contribution to \"children's and young adult literature in the broadest sense\" she won the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award from the Swedish Arts Council in 2006, the biggest monetary prize in children's literature. Also for her body of work she was awarded the NSK Neustadt Prize for Children's Literature in 2007 and the Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal from the American Library Association in 2013. She was the second U.S. National Ambassador for Young People's Literature, serving 2010 and 2011.", "Q102982": "Helmut Hauptmann (12 March 1928) is a German writer who was mainly active in the then East Germany.", "Q270374": "Esther Zaied, better known by her married name Esther Ofarim (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e1\u05ea\u05e8 \u05e2\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd\u200e; born June 13, 1941), is an Israeli singer. She came second in the Eurovision Song Contest 1963 with the song \"T'en va pas\", representing Switzerland. After marrying Abi Ofarim (born Avraham Reichstadt) in 1958 and for a full decade in the 1960s, she was half of the singing husband and wife duo, Esther & Abi Ofarim. After the couple divorced, the duo broke up and she undertook a successful solo career.", "Q60131": "Max Amann (24 November 1891 \u2013 30 March 1957) was a German politician, businessman and a member of the Nazi Party. He was the first business manager of the Nazi Party and later became the head of Eher Verlag, the official Nazi Party publishing house. After the war ended, Amann was arrested by Allied troops. Amann was deemed a Hauptschuldiger (Prominent Guilty Party) and sentenced to ten years in a labour camp. He was released in 1953. Amann died in poverty on 30 March 1957, in Munich.", "Q709454": "Roger Troutman (November 29, 1951 \u2013 April 25, 1999), also known mononymously as Roger, was an American singer, composer, songwriter, producer, multi-instrumentalist and the founder of the band Zapp who helped spearhead the funk movement and heavily influenced West Coast hip hop due to the scene's heavy sampling of his music over the years. Troutman was well known for his use of the talk box, a device that is connected to an instrument (frequently a keyboard, but most commonly a guitar) to create different vocal effects. Roger used a custom-made talkbox\u2013the Electro Harmonix \"Golden Throat,\" through a Moog Minimoog and later in his career a Yamaha DX100 FM synthesizer. As both band leader of Zapp and in his subsequent solo releases, he scored a bevy of funk and R&B hits throughout the 1980s and regularly collaborated with hip hop artists in the 1990s.", "Q57945": "Georg Friedrich Rudolph Theodor Herwegh (31 May 1817 \u2013 7 April 1875) was a German poet, who is considered part of the Young Germany movement.", "Q69673": "Faido is the capital of the district of Leventina in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino in southern Switzerland.\nOn 29 January 2006, Faido grew by incorporating the villages of Chiggiogna, Rossura, and Calonico.\nOn 1 April 2012, Faido grew again when it incorporated the former municipalities of Anzonico, Calpiogna, Campello, Cavagnago, Chironico, Mairengo and Osco.It grew again on 10 April 2016 when Sobrio was absorbed into the municipality.\n\n", "Q6284725": "Joseph Leo Gormley (May 22, 1914 \u2013 June 6, 2004) was the chief of chemistry and toxicology for the FBI.Born in Clinton, Massachusetts, he was raised in Somerville, Massachusetts. Gormley received his bachelor's and master's degrees in chemistry from Boston College. With his wife Frances he fathered and raised nine children. \nIn 1940, he moved to Washington D.C. and joined the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Gormley earned two law degrees from Georgetown University and a master's degree in forensic science from George Washington University. \nHe spent more than thirty three years with the FBI, investigating some of the agency's most famous cases, including the Great Brinks Robbery in 1950 and the 1964 murders of three young civil rights workers, which became known as the \"Mississippi Burning\" case. He served as an expert witness in numerous trials, testifying on his knowledge of chemistry, toxicology and arson. For more than 20 years, Gormley supervised a program that developed the use of lie detector tests for investigative purposes. \nHe retired from the FBI in 1973, and moved temporarily to Maine to direct the Maine State Police Crime Laboratory. After returning to the Washington, D.C. area he worked in the research and training divisions of the International Association of Chiefs of Police. In addition to his work at the IACP, Gormley worked as a consultant for law enforcement matters in his later years. The former president of the Mid-Atlantic Association of Forensic Scientists, Gormley also taught at George Washington University and the University of Maryland College Park. He is remembered as one of the fathers of modern forensic science.", "Q187744": "Ciriaco Mar\u00eda Sancha y Herv\u00e1s (17 June 1833 \u2013 25 February 1909) was a Spanish cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the Archbishop of Toledo in addition to being the Primate of Spain and the Patriarch of the West Indies. He established the Sisters of Charity in 1869.\nHe was beatified on 18 October 2009 during the pontificate of Pope Benedict XVI; Archbishop Angelo Amato celebrated the rite of beatification on behalf of the pontiff. The second miracle required for his canonization is now under investigation.", "Q536608": "Festival Express is a 2003 documentary film about the 1970 train tour of the same name across Canada taken by some of North America's most popular rock bands, including Grateful Dead, Janis Joplin, The Band, Buddy Guy, Flying Burrito Bros, Ian & Sylvia's Great Speckled Bird, and Delaney & Bonnie & Friends. The film combines live footage shot during the 1970 concerts, as well as footage aboard the train itself, interspersed with present-day interviews with tour participants sharing their often humorous recollections of the events.The film, released by THINKFilm, was produced by Gavin Poolman (son of the original 1970 film shoot's producer, Willem Poolman) together with John Trapman, and directed by double Grammy Award-winner Bob Smeaton (The Beatles Anthology), with music produced by Eddie Kramer (Jimi Hendrix, Led Zeppelin), and features original footage shot in 1970 by Academy Award-winning cinematographer Peter Biziou (Mississippi Burning, Pink Floyd \u2013 The Wall , The Truman Show). The original 1970 footage was filmed by director Frank Cvitanovich. A DVD release followed the film's 2003 theatrical run.", "Q568012": "Herman Steiner (April 15, 1905 \u2013 November 25, 1955) was a United States chess player, organizer, and columnist.\nHe won the U.S. Chess Championship in 1948 and became International Master in 1950.\nEven more important than his playing career were his efforts promoting chess in the U.S., particularly on the West Coast.\nAn exemplar of the Romantic School of chess, Steiner was a successor to the American chess tradition of Paul Morphy, Harry Nelson Pillsbury, and Frank Marshall.", "Q454099": "Count Franz Graf von Pocci (7 March 1807 \u2013 7 May 1876) was a significant official in the court of King Ludwig the First of Bavaria, best known as the founding director of the Munich Marionette Theatre where he was a shadow puppeteer and wrote countless puppet plays and children's stories.Pocci, in collaboration with Josef Schmid, founded the Munich Marionette Theatre in Munich, Bavaria, Germany in 1855. He hired the premises, drew stage curtains and designs, and wrote pieces for the hero of Schmid's shows, Kasperl Larifari, a descendant of Hans Wurst and all the classical comic figures in traditional European puppetry. This collaboration was highly influential and is credited with inspiring the formation of other theaters, most notably the Salzburg Marionettes under Anton Aicher in 1913 in Salzburg, Bavaria, and the Toelz Marionette Theater.", "Q846": "Qatar (, (listen), or (listen); Arabic: \u0642\u0637\u0631\u200e Qa\u1e6dar [\u02c8qat\u02e4ar]; local vernacular pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u026at\u02e4\u0251r]), officially the State of Qatar (Arabic: \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u200e Dawlat Qa\u1e6dar), is a country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula.\nWhether the sovereign state should be regarded as a constitutional monarchy or an absolute monarchy is disputed. Its sole land border is with neighbouring Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) monarchy Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf. The Gulf of Bahrain, an inlet of the Persian Gulf, separates Qatar from nearby Bahrain.\nIn early 2017, Qatar's total population was 2.6 million: 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates. Islam is the official religion of Qatar. The country has the highest per capita income in the world. Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development and is widely regarded as the most advanced Arab state for human development. Qatar is a high-income economy, backed by the world's third-largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves.Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani since Mohammed bin Thani signed a treaty with the British in 1868 that recognised its separate status. Following Ottoman rule, Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971. In 2003, the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum, with almost 98% in favour. In the 21st century, Qatar emerged as a significant power in the Arab world both through its globally expanding media group, Al Jazeera Media Network, and reportedly supporting several rebel groups financially during the Arab Spring. For its size, Qatar wields disproportionate influence in the world, and has been identified as a middle power. Qatar is currently the subject of a diplomatic and economic embargo by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, and Egypt, which began in June 2017. Saudi Arabia has proposed the construction of the Salwa Canal, which would run along the Saudi-Qatar border, effectively turning Qatar into an island.", "Q137911": "Joyce Gwendolen Quin, Baroness Quin, PC (born 26 November 1944) is a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.\nQuin was educated at Whitley Bay Grammar School, and Newcastle University where she gained first class honours in French and was first in her year. She subsequently gained an M.Sc. in International Relations at the London School of Economics. She worked as a French language lecturer and tutor at the University of Bath and Durham University. Quin is the grand-niece of Labour Party politician Joshua Ritson (1874\u20131955).\nShe was the Labour spokesperson on Fisheries for 1979-1984 and served as Member of the European Parliament for Tyne South and Wear and Tyne and Wear successively from 1979 to 1989. During her time as an MEP she served on the Agriculture, Women's Rights, Regional and Economic Affairs Committee. In 1979, she tabled the resolution to set up a Register of Members\u2019 Interests which was eventually accepted by the European Parliament.\nQuin entered the House of Commons in the 1987 election as Member of Parliament for Gateshead East. In Opposition (1987-1997) she served on the Labour front bench as a Shadow Minister for a) Consumer Affairs b) Trade Policy c) Regional Policy d) Employment (dealing with the EU Social Chapter). From 1994-1997 she served as Shadow Europe Minister and was Deputy to Shadow Foreign Secretary Robin Cook.\nAfter boundary changes for the 1997 general election, she represented the new Gateshead East and Washington West constituency from 1997 until she stepped down at the 2005 general election and was replaced by Sharon Hodgson. Quin served as prisons minister, Minister for Europe, and as Minister of State for Agriculture (and deputy to Cabinet Minister, Nick Brown). She asked to retire as a minister in 2001 to concentrate on her constituency interests. She had intended to stand for membership of a North East Regional Assembly on her retirement from Westminster, but the proposed body was rejected by a margin of 4\u20131 in a referendum in November 2004. In Parliament as a backbencher Quin was the first woman to chair the Northern Group of Labour MPs and Chaired the All-Party Group for France (Franco-British Parliamentary Group). She successfully lobbied Chancellor Gordon Brown to bring in the nationwide concessionary bus travel scheme for pensioners In April 2006, it was announced that Quin had been nominated for a life peerage by the Labour Party. On 30 May, she was created Baroness Quin, of Gateshead in the County of Tyne and Wear. In November 2007, she was appointed Chair of the Franco-British Council (British Section). In 2010 she was awarded \"Officier de la L\u00e9gion d'Honneur\" by the French Government. She was appointed a shadow Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs minister by Harriet Harman in May 2010, and was retained in that role by Ed Miliband after his election as Leader of the Labour Party. She stood down from this position in July 2011. She was interviewed in 2014 as part of The History of Parliament's oral history project.Quin has volunteered as a Newcastle City Tourist Guide since 1976. She is President of the Northumbrian Pipers Society (since 2009) and President of the Northumberland National Park Foundation (since 2016). Since September 2017 she has been Chair of the Strategic Board of Tyne and Wear Museums.\nIn 2010 Quin authored a book titled \"The British Constitution, Continuity and Change - An Inside View: Authoritative Insight into How Modern Britain Works\" \n published by Northern Writers ISBN 9780955386985 and is co-author of the book \u201cAngels of the North - Notable Women of the North-East\u201d with Moira Kilkenny, published 2018, reprinted 2019 by Tyne Bridge Publishing ISBN 978-0951048863.", "Q984369": "Don Tapscott (born June 1, 1947) is a Canadian business executive, author, consultant and speaker, who specializes in business strategy, organizational transformation and the role of technology in business and society. He is the CEO of the Tapscott Group and the co-founder and Executive Chairman of the Blockchain Research Institute.", "Q265037": "Skye McCole Bartusiak (September 28, 1992 \u2013 July 19, 2014) was an American child actress and child model. She appeared in The Patriot (2000), Don't Say a Word (2001), as Rose Wilder in Beyond the Prairie: The True Story of Laura Ingalls Wilder (2002), 24 (2002\u201303), Boogeyman (2005), and Kill Your Darlings (2006).\nBartusiak died at the age of 21 in her apartment behind her parents' home. Her death was ruled the result of an accidental drug overdose. Bartusiak's mother stated her daughter suffered epileptic seizures as a baby and believed it had a role in her death.\n\n", "Q703637": "Michael Beinhorn is an American musician and record producer. He works primarily with bands in the alternative rock and rock genres, having produced multiple albums for the bands Red Hot Chili Peppers, Hole, Violent Femmes and Marilyn Manson.\n\n", "Q106514": "River Jude Phoenix (n\u00e9 Bottom; August 23, 1970 \u2013 October 31, 1993) was an American actor, musician, and animal activist. He was the older brother of Rain Phoenix, Joaquin Phoenix, Liberty Phoenix, and Summer Phoenix.\nPhoenix's work encompassed 24 films and television appearances, and his rise to fame led to his status as a \"teen idol\". He began his acting career at age 10, in television commercials. He starred in the science fiction adventure film Explorers (1985) and had his first notable role in 1986's Stand by Me, a coming-of-age film based on the novella The Body by Stephen King. Phoenix made a transition into more adult-oriented roles with Running on Empty (1988), playing the son of fugitive parents in a well-received performance that earned him a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and My Own Private Idaho (1991), playing a gay hustler in search of his estranged mother. For his performance in the latter, Phoenix garnered enormous praise and won a Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival, along with Best Actor from the National Society of Film Critics.\nOn October 31, 1993, Phoenix collapsed and died of combined drug intoxication following a drug overdose on the sidewalk outside the West Hollywood nightclub The Viper Room at the age of 23. At the time of his death, Phoenix was acting in Dark Blood, which was released in 2012.", "Q361523": "Richard Maximilian Ney (November 12, 1916 \u2013 July 18, 2004) was an American actor, author, and investment counselor.", "Q439261": "Bob Lloyd Schieffer (born February 25, 1937) is an American television journalist. He is known for his moderation of presidential debates, where he has been praised for his capability. Schieffer is one of the few journalists to have covered all four of the major Washington national assignments: the White House, the Pentagon, United States Department of State, and United States Congress. His career with CBS has almost exclusively dealt with national politics. He has interviewed every United States President since Richard Nixon, as well as most of those who sought the office.Schieffer has been with CBS News since 1969, serving as the anchor on the Saturday edition of CBS Evening News for 20 years, from 1976 to 1996, as well as the Chief Washington Correspondent from 1982 until 2015, and moderator of the Sunday public affairs show, Face the Nation, from 1991 until May 31, 2015. From March 10, 2005 to August 31, 2006, Schieffer was interim weekday anchor of CBS Evening News, and was one of the primary substitutes for Katie Couric and Scott Pelley.\nFollowing his retirement from Face the Nation, Schieffer has continued to work for CBS as a contributor, making many appearances on air giving political commentary covering the 2016 presidential election. Schieffer is currently releasing episodes of a new podcast, \"Bob Schieffer's 'About the News' with H. Andrew Schwartz\".\nSchieffer has written three books about his career in journalism: Face the Nation: My Favorite Stories from the First 50 Years of the Award-Winning News Broadcast, This Just In: What I Couldn't Tell You on TV, and Bob Schieffer's America. He co-authored a book about Ronald Reagan, The Acting President, with Gary Paul Gates, that was published in 1989. In his memoir, This Just In, Schieffer credits the fact he was a beat reporter at CBS for his longevity at the network.\nSchieffer has won virtually every award in broadcast journalism, including eight Emmys, the overseas Press Club Award, the Paul White Award presented by the TV News Directors Association, and the Edward R. Murrow Award given by Murrow's alma mater, Washington State University.Shieffer was inducted into the Broadcasting & Cable Hall of Fame in 2002, and inducted into the National Academy of Arts and Sciences Hall of Fame in 2013. He was named a living legend by the Library of Congress in 2008.Schieffer is currently serving as the Walter Shorenstein Media and Democracy Fellow at Harvard Kennedy School's Shorenstein Center.", "Q320219": "The Captain from K\u00f6penick (German: Der Hauptmann von K\u00f6penick) is a 1956 West German film directed by Helmut K\u00e4utner and based upon the play The Captain of K\u00f6penick by Carl Zuckmayer. The play was based on the true story of Wilhelm Voigt, a German impostor who masqueraded as a Prussian military officer in 1906 and became famous as the Captain from K\u00f6penick. It was nominated for the 29th Academy Awards in the category Best Foreign Language Film.\nIt was shot by Real Film at the Wandsbek Studios in Hamburg. The film's sets were designed by the art director Albrecht Becker and Herbert Kirchhoff.", "Q193719": "Cheb ([\u02c8x\u025bp] (listen); German: Eger) is a town in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic, with about 32,000 inhabitants. It is on the river Oh\u0159e, at the foot of the Smr\u010diny near the border with Germany. Before the 1945 expulsion of the German speaking population, the town was the centre of the German-speaking region known as Egerland, part of the Northern Austro-Bavarian dialect area.\nThe name of the town was in 1061 recorded as Egire; in 1179 it was known as Egra; from 1322 as Eger and the surrounding territory as Regio Egere and Provincia Egrensis; after the 14th century also as Cheb or Chba. From 1850 it was given the twin official names of Eger and Cheb.\nFrom 1938 to 1945 it was one of the municipalities in Sudetenland.", "Q91686": "Ludwig D\u00fcrr (4 June 1878, in Stuttgart \u2013 1 January 1956, in Friedrichshafen) was an airship designer.", "Q242488": "Yaoi (; Japanese: \u3084\u304a\u3044 [ja.o.i]), also known as boys' love (\u30dc\u30fc\u30a4\u30ba \u30e9\u30d6, b\u014dizu rabu) or BL (\u30d3\u30fc\u30a8\u30eb, b\u012beru), is a genre of fictional media originating in Japan that features homoerotic relationships between male characters. It is typically created by women for women and is distinct from homoerotic media marketed to gay and bisexual male audiences, such as bara, but it can also attract male readers and male creators can also produce it. It spans a wide range of media, including manga, anime, drama CDs, novels, games, and fan production. Boys love and its abbreviation BL are the generic terms for this kind of media in Japan and have, in recent years, become more commonly used in English as well. However, yaoi remains more generally prevalent in English.\nA defining characteristic of yaoi is the practice of pairing characters in relationships according to the roles of seme, the sexual top or active pursuer, and uke, the sexual bottom or passive pursued. Common themes in yaoi include forbidden relationships, depictions of rape, tragedy, and humor. Yaoi and BL stories cover a diverse range of genres such as high school love comedy, period drama, science fiction and fantasy, and detective fiction, and include sub-genres such as omegaverse and shotacon.\nYaoi finds its origins in both fan culture and commercial publishing. As James Welker has summarized, the term yaoi dates back to d\u014djinshi culture of the late 1970s to early 1980s where, as a portmanteau of \"yamanashi ochinashi iminashi\" (no climax, no point, no meaning), it was a self-deprecating way to refer to amateur fan works that parodied mainstream manga and anime by depicting the male characters from popular series in vaguely or explicitly sexual situations and in the manga they are often explicitly shown. The use of yaoi to refer to parody d\u014djinshi is still predominant in Japan. In commercial publishing, the genre can be traced back to sh\u014dnen'ai, a genre of beautiful boy manga that began to appear in sh\u014djo manga magazines in the early 1970s. From the 1970s to 1980s, other terms such as tanbi and June emerged to refer to specific developments in the genre. In the early 1990s, however, these terms were largely eclipsed with the commercialization of male\u2013male homoerotic media under the label of \"boys' love\".\n\nYaoi has a robust global presence. Yaoi works are available across the continents in various languages both through international licensing and distribution and through circulation by fans. Yaoi works, culture, and fandom have also been studied and discussed by scholars and journalists worldwide.", "Q214816": "Pierre Bayle (French: [b\u025bl]; 18 November 1647 \u2013 28 December 1706) was a French philosopher and writer best known for his seminal work the Historical and Critical Dictionary, publication beginning in 1697.\nBayle was a French Calvinist. As a forerunner of the Encyclopedists and an advocate of the principle of toleration, his works subsequently influenced the development of the Enlightenment.\n\n", "Q117419": "Josef Ritler (born 1939 in Naters, canton of Valais), also known as \"Sepp Ritler\" or \"Seppi Ritler\", is a Swiss journalist, who worked as a writer and photographer for the newspaper Blick for 40 years. Today, he works as a video journalist for the central Swiss television station Tele Tell.", "Q2750248": "Samuel Southey Hinds (April 4, 1875 \u2013 October 13, 1948) was an American actor and former lawyer. He was often cast as kindly authority figures and appeared in over 200 films until his death.", "Q262980": "Harper (released in the UK as The Moving Target) is a 1966 American Technicolor mystery film in Panavision based on Ross Macdonald's novel The Moving Target and adapted for the screen by novelist William Goldman, who admired MacDonald's writings. The film stars Paul Newman as Lew Harper (Lew Archer in the novel). It is directed by Jack Smight, with an ensemble cast that includes Robert Wagner, Julie Harris, Janet Leigh, Shelley Winters and Arthur Hill.\nGoldman received a 1967 Edgar Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay.\nThe film pays homage to Humphrey Bogart's portrayals of Sam Spade and Phillip Marlowe by featuring Bogart's widow, Lauren Bacall, who plays a wounded wife searching for her missing husband, a role similar to General Sternwood in the 1946 Bogart-and-Bacall film, The Big Sleep.\nIn 1975, Newman reprised the role in The Drowning Pool.", "Q430523": "Tom McCarthy (born 1969) is an English writer and artist. He has written four novels, his debut novel Remainder published in 2005 by Metronome and his most recent published novel, Satin Island, in 2015 by Alfred A. Knopf.", "Q108539": "Gustav Heinrich Kirchenpauer (2 February 1808 \u2013 3 March 1887) was a Jurist, Journalist and Natural history researcher. His zoological publications are considered to be a significant contribution to knowledge of hydroids and bryozoans.Kirchenpauer also contributed very considerably to the political and economic progress of his home city: between 1869 and 1887 he served seven times as the Mayor of Hamburg.", "Q1894419": "Zach Throne (born April 3, 1967 in Hollywood, California) is an American actor and musician.", "Q378072": "Jason John Bonham (born 15 July 1966) is an English drummer. He is the son of the late Led Zeppelin drummer John Bonham and Patricia \"Pat\" Bonham (n\u00e9e Phillips). After his father's death in September 1980, he played with Led Zeppelin on different occasions, including the Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert at The O2 Arena in London in 2007.", "Q142356": "Wharton Jackson Green (February 28, 1831 \u2013 August 6, 1910) was a U.S. Congressman from North Carolina and an officer in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.", "Q78756": "Barbara Albert (born 1970 in Vienna) is an Austrian writer, film-producer and film-director.\nShe studied filmmaking at the Wiener Filmakademie. Her first film to become known to a larger audience was Nordrand, which describes the reality of life of Yugoslavian children in Vienna.\nShe heads the production company Coop 99 with Jessica Hausner and Antonin Svoboda, among others.", "Q605534": "Jean-Baptiste Henri-Dominique Lacordaire (12 May 1802 \u2013 21 November 1861), often styled Henri-Dominique Lacordaire, was a French ecclesiastic, preacher, journalist, theologian and political activist. He re-established the Dominican Order in post-Revolutionary France. Lacordaire was reputed to be the greatest pulpit orator of the nineteenth century.", "Q453906": "Leon Rippy (born October 30, 1949) is an American actor. Active on screen since 1983, Rippy has appeared in numerous films and recurring roles on television. He is best known for his roles as Earl the Angel on the series Saving Grace, saloon owner Tom Nuttall on the series Deadwood and militiaman John Billings in The Patriot (2000).", "Q236309": "Dawn Roma French (born 11 October 1957) is a British actress, writer, comedian and presenter. She is best known for starring in and writing for the BBC comedy sketch show French and Saunders with comedy partner Jennifer Saunders and for playing the lead role as Geraldine Granger in the BBC sitcom The Vicar of Dibley. French has been nominated for seven BAFTA TV Awards and won a BAFTA Fellowship with Saunders in 2009.", "Q434745": "Tinashe Jorgensen Kachingwe (; born February 6, 1993), known mononymously as Tinashe, is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, record producer, and actress. Born in Lexington, Kentucky, Tinashe moved to Los Angeles as a child to pursue a career in entertainment. Her notable roles included as a motion-capture model in the animated film The Polar Express (2004), Robin Wheeler in the Cartoon Network television series Out of Jimmy's Head (2007\u20132008), and a recurring role in the CBS series Two and a Half Men (2008\u20132009).\nBetween 2007 and 2011, Tinashe was a member of the girl group the Stunners. Following their disbandment, she released the positively-reviewed self-recorded mixtapes In Case We Die (2012) and Reverie (2012). Following their success, Tinashe signed with RCA Records and released her third mixtape, Black Water (2013). Her debut single, \"2 On\", reached number one on the Rhythmic airplay chart, and peaked at number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100. Her debut studio album, Aquarius (2014), was noted by music critics as one of the most \u201csolid\u201d debuts by a new female artist in years. The album garnered her nominations for Soul Train and BET Awards. Her collaboration with Snakehips and Chance the Rapper, \"All My Friends\", won the Ivor Novello Award for Best Contemporary Song in 2016. Tinashe's second studio album Nightride (2016) reached number 8 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the US. Joyride (2018), her third studio album, peaked at number 58 on the Billboard 200 chart and reached number 6 on the UK R&B Albums chart.\nAfter departing RCA, she independently released her fourth studio album, Songs for You in November 2019. She is currently managed by Jay Z's Roc Nation.\nTinashe describes her music as \"rhythmic pop\" that explores the genres of alternative R&B, pop, and hip hop. Her mixtapes have been more experimental, incorporating elements of traditional R&B, electro-hop, and dark pop.", "Q186472": "Folk rock is a hybrid music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music, which arose in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom in the mid-1960s. In the U.S., folk rock emerged from the folk music revival and the influence that the Beatles and other British Invasion bands had on members of that movement. Performers such as Bob Dylan and the Byrds\u2014several of whose members had earlier played in folk ensembles\u2014attempted to blend the sounds of rock with their pre-existing folk repertoire, adopting the use of electric instrumentation and drums in a way previously discouraged in the U.S. folk community. The term \"folk rock\" was initially used in the U.S. music press in June 1965 to describe the Byrds' music.\nThe commercial success of the Byrds' cover version of Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" and their debut album of the same name, along with Dylan's own recordings with rock instrumentation\u2014on the albums Bringing It All Back Home (1965), Highway 61 Revisited (1965), and Blonde on Blonde (1966)\u2014encouraged other folk acts, such as Simon & Garfunkel, to use electric backing on their records and new groups, such as Buffalo Springfield, to form. Dylan's controversial appearance at the Newport Folk Festival on 25 July 1965, where he was backed by an electric band, was also a pivotal moment in the development of the genre.\nDuring the late 1960s in Britain and Europe, a distinct, eclectic British folk rock style was created by Pentangle, Fairport Convention and Alan Stivell. Inspired by British psychedelic folk and the North American style of folk rock, British folk rock bands began to incorporate elements of traditional British folk music into their repertoire, leading to other variants, including the overtly English folk rock of the Albion Band and Celtic rock.", "Q278700": "Valentin Jautard (c.\u20091738 \u2013 8 June 1787) was a French-born Canadian lawyer and journalist.\n Born in Bordeaux, He is best known for his welcome of invading American troops in 1775 during the American Revolution, saying \"our chains are broken, blissful liberty restores us to ourselves.\"", "Q21623": "Alicia Suskin Ostriker (born November 11, 1937) is an American poet and scholar who writes Jewish feminist poetry. \nShe was called \"America's most fiercely honest poet\" by Progressive. Additionally, she was one of the first women poets in America to write and publish poems discussing the topic of motherhood. In 2015, she was elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets. In 2018, she was named the New York State Poet Laureate.\n\n", "Q71014": "Paul Julius Freiherr von Reuter (Baron von Reuter; 21 July 1816 \u2013 25 February 1899) was a German-born, British entrepreneur who was a pioneer of telegraphy and news reporting. He was a reporter and media owner, and the founder of Reuters News Agency, which became part of the Thomson Reuters conglomerate in 2008.\n\n", "Q727781": "The music of Latin America refers to music originating from Latin America, namely the Romance-speaking countries and territories of the Americas and the Caribbean south of the United States. Latin American music also incorporates African music from slaves who were transported to the Americas by European settlers as well as music from the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Due to its highly syncretic nature, Latin American music encompasses a wide variety of styles, including influential genres such as cumbia, bachata, bossa nova, merengue, rumba, salsa, samba, son, and tango. During the 20th century, many styles were influenced by the music of the United States giving rise to genres such as Latin pop, rock, jazz, hip hop, and reggaeton.\nGeographically, it usually refers to the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking regions of Latin America, but sometimes includes Francophone countries and territories of the Caribbean and South America as well. It also encompasses Latin American styles that have originated in the United States such as salsa and Tejano. The origins of Latin American music can be traced back to the Spanish and Portuguese conquest of the Americas in the 16th century, when the European settlers brought their music from overseas. Latin American music is performed in Spanish, Portuguese, and to a lesser extent, French.", "Q37041": "Classical Chinese, also known as Literary Chinese, is the language of the classic literature from the end of the Spring and Autumn period through to the end of the Han dynasty, a written form of Old Chinese. Classical Chinese is a traditional style of written Chinese that evolved from the classical language, making it different from any modern spoken form of Chinese. Literary Chinese was used for almost all formal writing in China until the early 20th century, and also, during various periods, in Japan, Korea and Vietnam. Among Chinese speakers, Literary Chinese has been largely replaced by written vernacular Chinese, a style of writing that is similar to modern spoken Mandarin Chinese, while speakers of non-Chinese languages have largely abandoned Literary Chinese in favor of local vernaculars.\nLiterary Chinese is known as kanbun (\u6f22\u6587) in Japanese, hanmun in Korean (but see also gugyeol) and c\u1ed5 v\u0103n (\u53e4\u6587) or v\u0103n ng\u00f4n (\u6587\u8a00) in Vietnamese.", "Q847450": "Hitomi Momoi (\u6843\u4e95\u3072\u3068\u307f, Momoi Hitomi) is a J-pop singer, songwriter who is a member of Por, a duo which she and Ryo formed. Momo is a former member of the Japanese music production, I've Sound.", "Q923868": "Toby Finn Regbo (born 18 October 1991) is an English actor and musician who has appeared in film, television and theatre. He is known for his role as young Nemo Nobody in the science fiction drama Mr. Nobody, as King Francis II of France on The CW series Reign and \u00c6thelred on the BBC Two series The Last Kingdom.", "Q238324": "Jennifer Paige Scoggins (born September 3, 1973) is an American singer and songwriter. She is best known for the 1998 pop hit \"Crush\".", "Q61207": "Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (11 September 1747 \u2013 20 May 1837) was a younger member of the dynasty that ruled the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and a Danish general.\nHe was born as the youngest son of Hereditary Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (the future Landgrave Frederick II) and Princess Mary of Great Britain. He was the last surviving grandchild of George II of Great Britain, dying one month before Queen Victoria (granddaughter of his first cousin King George III) ascended to the throne.", "Q3177785": "Jet Records was a British record label set up by Don Arden, with musicians such as Lynsey de Paul, Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), Roy Wood, Gary Moore, Ozzy Osbourne, Alan Price, Adrian Gurvitz, Riot and Magnum.", "Q3431533": "Rick Brewer (born in Stanley, New Brunswick) is a New Brunswick businessman and politician, and a former assistant pastor.", "Q3610551": "Udayanga Weeratunga is a Sri Lankan businessman who is the former Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka to the Russian Federation. Weeratunga is a [irst cousin of Mahinda Rajapaksa, who is the former President of Sri Lanka and he presented his Letter of Credence to the president of Russia Vladimir Putin on 16 November 2006.Weeratunga is accused by the Ukrainian government of arms sales to the separatist rebels fighting government forces in Ukraine. The Sri Lankan government is currently investigating these allegations and withdrawn his diplomatic passport but his whereabouts are not known to the Sri Lankan authorities. The Financial Crimes Investigation Division applied for, but did not receive, an Interpol warrant for his arrest on 30 September 2016.Sixteen banks accounts of Weeratunga were suspended by the courts in January 2017 due to allegations of fraud in the purchase of Mig-27 fighters. The case is ongoing without Weeratunga not attending the court. Investigations had revealed that funds amounting to a total of US$1.5 million had been deposited at various times to the sixteen accounts belonging to him with the Sri Lankan Air Force claiming that they are unable to locate the original purchase contract, which is said to have been signed in the presence of the Weeratunga.Weeratunge was arrested in Dubai on 4 February 2018, by international police based on a request made by Sri Lankan Authorities.\n\n", "Q333265": "Lev Sergeyevich Termen (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u00e9\u043d, IPA: [\u02c8l\u02b2ef s\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8\u0261\u02b2ej\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 t\u0268r\u02c8m\u02b2en]; 28 August [O.S. 15 August] 1896 \u2013 3 November 1993), or Leon Theremin in the United States, was a Russian and Soviet inventor, most famous for his invention of the theremin, one of the first electronic musical instruments and the first to be mass-produced. He also worked on early television research. His listening device, \"The Thing\", hung for seven years in plain view in the United States Ambassador's Moscow office and enabled Soviet agents to eavesdrop on secret conversations.\n\n", "Q71772": "Ernst Bogislaw von Cro\u00ff (26 August 1620, Finstingen (F\u00e9n\u00e9trange) \u2013 7 February 1684, K\u00f6nigsberg) was a Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Cammin and official in the service of Brandenburg-Prussia.\n\n", "Q506085": "Luigi Andreoni or Luis Andreoni (Vercelli, Italy, October 7, 1853 \u2013 Montevideo, May 20, 1936) was an Italian engineer and architect of outstanding performance in Uruguay.", "Q323076": "Shawn Adam Levy (born July 23, 1968) is a Canadian film director, producer, and actor. His directing credits include Big Fat Liar, Cheaper by the Dozen, the Night at the Museum series, and Stranger Things.\nLevy was a producer on the 2016 sci-fi film Arrival, which earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Picture. Since 2016, Levy has been an executive producer on the Netflix original series Stranger Things. He has directed two episodes in each of the show\u2019s three seasons.", "Q433994": "Mary Catherine Gordon (born December 8, 1949) is an American writer from Queens and Valley Stream, New York. She is the McIntosh Professor of English at Barnard College. She is best known for her novels, memoirs and literary criticism. In 2008 she was named Official State Author of New York.", "Q85195": "Eduard Pant (29 January 1887 in Witkowitz, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic) \u2013 20 October 1938 in Katowice (Kattowitz)) was a journalist and politician of the Catholic German minority in the Silesian Voivodeship of Poland in the interwar period. He was Deputy Speaker of the Silesian Parliament from 1922 to 1935 and a Senator of the Second Polish Republic from 1928 to 1935.\nEduard Pant came from a working-class Catholic family, but went on to study Classical philology, German and Philosophy at the University of Prague, where he earned a doctorate in 1911. He worked as a teacher in German-language schools in Austria (Prague, Linz and Vienna). In 1914, he returned to Silesia, where he worked at a school in Bielitz before he was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army during the First World War. After the area became part of Poland, he became a Polish citizen in 1920. He was the editor of the German-language newspaper Oberschlesischer Kurier from 1926 to 1930. He was elected President of the Deutsche Katholische Volkspartei in 1927, succeeding the deceased Thomas Szczeponik, and was also President of the Association of German Catholics in Poland.\nDuring the 1930s, Pant was an outspoken opponent of the National Socialists and a proponent of cooperation between Germans and Poles. He also founded the conservative Catholic and outspokenly anti-Nazi newspaper Der Deutsche in Polen (1934\u20131939).\nHerbert Czaja, who later became a politician in West Germany and President of the Federation of Expellees, was a member of Pant's party in the 1930s.", "Q365023": "Judd Seymore Hirsch (born March 15, 1935) is an American actor known for playing Alex Rieger on the television comedy series Taxi (1978\u20131983), John Lacey on the NBC series Dear John (1988\u20131992), and Alan Eppes on the CBS series NUMB3RS (2005\u20132010). He is also well known for his career in theatre and for his roles in films such as Ordinary People (1980), Running on Empty (1988), Independence Day (1996), and A Beautiful Mind (2001).\nHe has twice won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series, twice won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play, won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy and has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He also starred as Arthur Przybyszewski in the CBS situation comedy Superior Donuts.", "Q279378": "Dracula is a 1931 American pre-Code supernatural horror film directed and co-produced by Tod Browning from a screenplay written by Garrett Fort. It is based on the 1924 stage play Dracula by Hamilton Deane and John L. Balderston, which in turn is adapted from the 1897 novel Dracula by Bram Stoker. The film stars Bela Lugosi as Count Dracula, a vampire who emigrates from Transylvania to England and preys upon the blood of living victims, including a young man's fianc\u00e9e.\nProduced and distributed by Universal Pictures, Dracula is the first sound film adaptation of the Stoker novel. Several actors were considered to portray the title character, but Lugosi, who had previously played the role on Broadway, eventually got the part. The film was partially shot on sets at Universal Studios Lot in California, which were reused at night for the filming of Dr\u00e1cula, a concurrently produced Spanish-language version of the story also by Universal. \nDracula was a commercial and critical success upon release, and led to several sequels and spin-offs. It has had a notable influence on popular culture, and Lugosi's portrayal of Dracula established the character as a cultural icon, as well as the archetypal vampire in later works of fiction. In 2000, the film was selected by the United States Library of Congress for preservation in the National Film Registry as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q1514848": "The University of Saskatchewan (U of S) is a Canadian public research university, founded on March 19, 1907, and located on the east side of the South Saskatchewan River in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. An \"Act to establish and incorporate a University for the Province of Saskatchewan\" was passed by the provincial legislature in 1907. It established the provincial university on March 19, 1907 \"for the purpose of providing facilities for higher education in all its branches and enabling all persons without regard to race, creed or religion to take the fullest advantage\". The University of Saskatchewan is the largest education institution in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The University of Saskatchewan is one of Canada\u2019s top research universities (based on the number of Canada Research Chairs) and is a member of the U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities (the 15 most research-intensive universities in Canada).\nThe university began as an agricultural college in 1907 and established the first Canadian university-based department of extension in 1910. There were 120 hectares (300 acres) set aside for university buildings and 400 ha (1,000 acres) for the U of S farm, and agricultural fields. In total 10.32 km2 (3.98 sq mi) was annexed for the university. The main University campus is situated upon 981 ha (2,425 acres), with another 200 ha (500 acres) allocated for Innovation Place Research Park. The University of Saskatchewan agriculture college still has access to neighbouring urban research lands. The University of Saskatchewan's Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO) facility, (2003) develops DNA-enhanced immunization vaccines for both humans and animals.\nThe University is also home to the Canadian Light Source synchrotron, which is considered one of the largest and most innovative investments in Canadian science. Since its origins as an agricultural college, research has played an important role at the university. Discoveries made at the U of S include sulphate-resistant cement and the cobalt-60 cancer therapy unit. The university offers over 200 academic programs. Duncan P. McColl was appointed as the first registrar, establishing the first convocation from which Chief Justice Edward L. Wetmore was elected as the first chancellor. Walter Charles Murray became the first president of the university's board of governors.", "Q1873282": "Luciano Biondini is an Italian jazz and folk music accordion player that has appeared on the albums of various musicians, including Gabriele Mirabassi, Fratelli Mancuso, Ivano Fossati, Samo Salamon and Rabih Abou-Khalil.", "Q228889": "Wu Cheng'en (traditional Chinese: \u5433\u627f\u6069; simplified Chinese: \u5434\u627f\u6069; pinyin: W\u00fa Ch\u00e9ng'\u0113n, c. 1500\u20131582 or 1505\u20131580), courtesy name Ruzhong (\u6c5d\u5fe0), was a Chinese novelist and poet of the Ming Dynasty, and is considered by many to be the author of Journey to the West, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature.", "Q78030": "Walter Franz Maria Stennes (12 April 1895 \u2013 19 May 1983) was a leader of the Sturmabteilung (SA, stormtroopers, or \"brownshirts\") of the Nazi Party in Berlin and the surrounding area. In August 1930 he led the Stennes Revolt against Adolf Hitler, the leader of the party, and Hitler's appointed regional head of the party in the Berlin area, Joseph Goebbels. The dispute was over Hitler's policies and practices in the use of the SA, and the underlying purpose of the paramilitary organization. Hitler quelled the revolt peacefully, but after a second rebellion in March-April 1931, the SA was purged and Stennes was expelled from the party.", "Q221113": "A.I. Artificial Intelligence (also known as A.I.) is a 2001 American science fiction drama film directed by Steven Spielberg. The screenplay by Spielberg and screen story by Ian Watson were loosely based on the 1969 short story \"Supertoys Last All Summer Long\" by Brian Aldiss. The film was produced by Kathleen Kennedy, Spielberg and Bonnie Curtis. It stars Haley Joel Osment, Jude Law, Frances O'Connor, Brendan Gleeson and William Hurt. Set in a futuristic post-climate change society, A.I. tells the story of David (Osment), a childlike android uniquely programmed with the ability to love.\nDevelopment of A.I. originally began with producer-director Stanley Kubrick, after he acquired the rights to Aldiss' story in the early 1970s. Kubrick hired a series of writers until the mid-1990s, including Brian Aldiss, Bob Shaw, Ian Watson, and Sara Maitland. The film languished in protracted development for years, partly because Kubrick felt computer-generated imagery was not advanced enough to create the David character, whom he believed no child actor would convincingly portray. In 1995, Kubrick handed A.I. to Spielberg, but the film did not gain momentum until Kubrick's death in 1999. Spielberg remained close to Watson's film treatment for the screenplay.\nThe film received positive reviews, and grossed approximately $235 million. The film was nominated for two Academy Awards at the 74th Academy Awards, for Best Visual Effects and Best Original Score (by John Williams).\nIn a 2016 BBC poll of 177 critics around the world, Steven Spielberg's A.I. Artificial Intelligence was voted the eighty-third-greatest film since 2000. A.I. is dedicated to Stanley Kubrick.\n\n", "Q430245": "Dead or Alive 2: Birds (DEAD OR ALIVE 2 \u9003\u4ea1\u8005) is a 2000 Japanese film directed by Takashi Miike. Dead or Alive 2: Birds is unrelated to Dead or Alive (1999) or Dead or Alive: Final (2002) except that all three films have Show Aikawa and Riki Takeuchi in them, and they are all directed by Takashi Miike.", "Q694239": "Kost Levytsky (Ukrainian: \u041a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439; 1859 \u2013 1941) was a Ukrainian politician. He was a founder of the Ukrainian National Democratic movement and the leader of the State Representative Body of the Ukrainian government declared on June 30, 1941\n\n", "Q192361": "Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli (Portuguese pronunciation: [pas\u02c8kwaw \u0281ani\u02c8\u025bri ma\u02c8zili]; 27 April 1910 \u2013 21 April 1975) was a Brazilian politician who was appointed as caretaker President of Brazil for two short terms, in 1961 and 1964.\n\n", "Q367634": "Sean Michael Leonard Anderson (born March 25, 1988), known professionally as Big Sean (stylized as BIG SEAN), is an American rapper, singer and songwriter. Sean signed with Kanye West's GOOD Music in 2007, Def Jam Recordings in 2008 and Roc Nation in 2014. \nAfter releasing a number of mixtapes, Sean released his debut studio album, Finally Famous, in 2011, which peaked at number three on Billboard 200, and was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). He released his second studio album, Hall of Fame, in 2013, that peaked at number three on Billboard 200, and became certified Gold. Sean's next albums, Dark Sky Paradise (2015) and I Decided (2017), both peaked atop the Billboard 200 and received Platinum certifications.", "Q483931": "Sathya Sai Baba (born Sathyanarayana Raju; 23 November 1926 \u2013 24 April 2011) was an Indian guru and philanthropist. At the age of fourteen he claimed that he was the reincarnation of Shirdi Sai Baba, and encouraged his followers to believe the same.Sathya Sai Baba's purported materialisations of vibhuti (holy ash) and other small objects such as rings, necklaces, and watches, were a source of controversy. Some have analyzed them as being mere sleights of hand; while his followers have considered them as signs of his divinity. Reports of faith healings have been attributed to Sathya Sai Baba by his followers.The Sathya Sai Organisation, founded by Sathya Sai Baba \"to enable its members to undertake service activities as a means to spiritual advancement\", has over 1,200 Sathya Sai Centres (branches) in 126 countries. Through this organisation, Sathya Sai Baba established a network of free hospitals, clinics, drinking water projects, auditoriums, ashrams and schools.", "Q1373450": "Michael Starr (born July 29, 1950) is an American character actor. He is notable for his large size, standing 6 ft 3 \u200b1\u20442 in (192 cm) tall, and has usually been typecast as a thug or henchman.", "Q723281": "Stephen Benton Elkins (September 26, 1841 \u2013 January 4, 1911) was an American industrialist and political figure. He served as the Secretary of War between 1891 and 1893. He served in the United States Congress as a Delegate from the Territory of New Mexico and a Senator from West Virginia.", "Q426427": "...und sowas mu\u00df um acht ins Bett is a 1965 Austrian-West German black-and-white musical comedy film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Peter Alexander, Gitte H\u00e6nning and Ingeborg Sch\u00f6ner.", "Q121801": "Christoph Baumer (born June 23, 1952 in Zurich) is a Swiss scholar and explorer. From 1984 onwards, he has conducted explorations in Central Asia, China and Tibet, the results of which have been published in numerous books, scholarly publications and radio programs.", "Q1988030": "Volodymyr Stefanovych Biletskyy (Ukrainian: \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439; born 1950 in Ukraine) is a Ukrainian mining engineer, D.Sc. scientist and researcher in the field of coal mining, publisher and political scientist. He has published many technical articles on the subject of mining, and was the initiator and editor of the first Ukrainian Mining Encyclopedia.\n\n", "Q96843": "Hedwig Pringsheim (born Gertrud Hedwig Anna Dohm; 13 July 1855 \u2013 27 July 1942) was a German actress.\nBorn in Berlin, she was the daughter of Ernst Dohm and Hedwig Dohm-Schleh, who were Jewish converts to Christianity. She married Alfred Pringsheim. They had 5 children: Erich Pringsheim, Peter Pringsheim, Heinz Pringsheim, Klaus Pringsheim Sr. and Katia Pringsheim who married Thomas Mann.\nPringsheim died in Zurich.", "Q100617": "Rolf Schwanitz (born Gera 2 April 1959) is a German national politician,From 1998 till 2005 he served under Federal Chancellor Schr\u00f6der as a Minister of State in the Federal Chancellery. He was then, from 2005 till 2009, Parliamentary Secretary of State in the Health ministry under Federal Chancellor Merkel.\n\n", "Q466017": "Ana Cecilia Blum (Guayaquil, March 17, 1972) is an Ecuadorian writer and journalist.\nShe studied Political and Social Sciences at the Vicente Rocafuerte Lay University of Guayaquil. She worked for several media and investigating about literature at the Catholic University of Guayaquil, Andean University of Quito and the FACSO University of Guayaquil. She currently lives between Ecuador and the United States.", "Q118058": "Markus Werner (German: [v\u025b\u0280ne\u0280]; 27 December 1944 \u2013 3 July 2016) was a Swiss writer, known as the author of the novels Z\u00fcndels Abgang (Z\u00fcndel\u2019s Exit), Am Hang (On the Edge), and Die kalte Schulter (Cold Shoulder).", "Q338324": "Manuel Leuterio de Castro Jr. (born July 6, 1949), better known as Noli de Castro or \"Kabayan\" Noli de Castro, is a Filipino journalist, politician and was elected as senator in 2001 and as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 2004 until 2010, under the presidency of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.\nDe Castro currently anchors his radio program Kabayan on DZMM and TV Patrol. He is one of the key television figures who are in favor of the Philippine Drug War of President Rodrigo Duterte.\n\n", "Q86488": "Walter Rogowski (7 May 1881 \u2013 10 March 1947) was a German physicist of Polish origin who bridged the gap between theoretical physics and applied technology in numerous areas of electronics. The Rogowski coil was named after him.\n\n", "Q436620": "Lucy Clare Davis (born 17 February 1973) is an English actress who plays Hilda Spellman in the Netflix series The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (2018\u2013present). She is also known for her previous roles as Dawn Tinsley in the BBC comedy The Office (2001\u20132003), Dianne in the horror-comedy movie Shaun of the Dead (2004), and Etta Candy in Wonder Woman (2017).", "Q3578133": "The National Theatre School of Canada (NTS, French: \u00c9cole nationale de th\u00e9\u00e2tre du Canada) is a private institution of professional theatre studies in Montreal, Quebec. Established in 1960, The NTS receives its principal funding from grants awarded by the Government of Canada and from cultural ministries in each of the provinces, with added financial support from private and corporate donors.\nThe NTS offers intensive, highly specialized theatre arts training in both English and French languages in a setting that unites all the related disciplines: acting, playwriting, directing, set and costume design, and production.", "Q298838": "Sir William Connolly, (born 24 November 1942) is a retired Scottish stand-up comedian, musician, presenter, actor and artist. He is sometimes known, especially in his homeland, by the Scots nickname \"The Big Yin\" (\"The Big One\").Connolly's first trade, in the early 1960s, was as a welder (specifically a boilermaker) in the Glasgow shipyards, but he gave it up towards the end of the decade to pursue a career as a folk singer. He first sang in the folk rock band The Humblebums alongside friends Gerry Rafferty and Tam Harvey, with whom he stayed until 1974, before beginning singing as a solo artist. \nIn the early 1970s, Connolly made the transition from folk singer with a comedic persona to fully fledged comedian, for which he is now best known. In 1972, he made his theatrical debut, at the Cottage Theatre in Cumbernauld, with a revue called Connolly's Glasgow Flourish. He also played the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. In 1972, Connolly's first solo album was produced, Billy Connolly Live!, a mixture of comedic songs and short monologues.\nAs an actor, Connolly has appeared in such films as Indecent Proposal (1993), Pocahontas (1995), Muppet Treasure Island (1996), Mrs Brown (1997) \u2013 for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, The Boondock Saints (1999), The Last Samurai (2003), Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004), The X-Files: I Want to Believe (2008), Brave (2012), and The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (2014). On his 75th birthday in 2017, three portraits of Connolly were made by leading artists Jack Vettriano, John Byrne and Rachel Maclean. These were later turned into part of Glasgow's official mural trail. In October the same year, he was knighted in Buckingham Palace by Prince William for services to entertainment and charity.\nKnown for his idiosyncratic and often off-the-cuff observational comedy, which frequently includes the use of profanity, in 2007, Connolly was voted the greatest stand-up comic on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups, and again in the updated 2010 poll. In recent years, he has established himself as an artist. In 2020, he stated \"My art is about revealing myself\" as he unveiled the fifth release of his Born on a Rainy Day collection in London.", "Q265745": "St. Michael's is a Jesuit church in Munich, southern Germany, the largest Renaissance church north of the Alps. The style of the building had an enormous influence on Southern German early Baroque architecture.", "Q426433": "Not as a Stranger is a 1955 American film noir drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer, starring Olivia de Havilland, Robert Mitchum, and Frank Sinatra, and based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson. The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular, topping that year's list of bestselling novels in the United States.\n\n", "Q327204": "Afonso Arinos de Melo Franco (May 1, 1868 \u2013 February 19, 1916) was a Brazilian journalist, writer and jurist.\nIn the 19th century, he was recognized as one of the most influential intellectuals of his time. His work is part of Brazil's most prestigious literature and contains a strong message of social criticism.", "Q944159": "Brian Holland (born February 15, 1941) is an American songwriter and record producer, best known as a member of Holland\u2013Dozier\u2013Holland, the songwriting and production team that was responsible for much of the Motown sound and numerous hit records by artists such as Martha and the Vandellas, The Supremes, The Four Tops, and The Isley Brothers. Holland, along with Lamont Dozier, served as the team's musical arranger and producer. He has written or co-written 145 hits in US and 78 in the UK.\nHolland was born in Detroit, Michigan. For a short time, he partnered with Robert Bateman, and together they were known as \"Brianbert\", collaborating on such hits as \"Please Mr. Postman\" for The Marvelettes.\nHolland has also had an on-and-off career as a performer. He released a solo single in 1958 under the name of \"Briant Holland\". He and longtime friend and future songwriting partner Freddie Gorman were in a short-lived group called the Fidalatones, and he was later (1960\u201362) a member of the Motown recording act The Satintones as well as being a member of the Rayber Voices, a quartet that backed up several early Motown recording acts. He partnered with Lamont Dozier under the name \"Holland\u2013Dozier\", releasing a lone single for Motown in 1963, then was inactive for a number of years, and was then revived in the early and mid-1970s, scoring a number of medium-sized R&B hits. Holland resumed his solo recording career in 1974, hitting the charts as a solo artist in '74 and '75.\nHolland also composed songs for the First Wives Club musical.", "Q6806876": "The Medill School of Journalism, Media, Integrated Marketing Communications is a constituent school of Northwestern University that offers both undergraduate and graduate programs. It has consistently been ranked one of the top schools of journalism in the United States. Medill alumni include 38 Pulitzer Prize laureates, numerous national correspondents for major networks, and many well-known reporters and columnists.\nNorthwestern is one of the few schools embracing a technological approach towards journalism.\nMedill received a Knight Foundation grant to establish the Knight News Innovation Laboratory in 2011. The Knight Lab is a joint initiative of Medill and the McCormick School of Engineering at Northwestern, one of the first to combine journalism and computer science.", "Q69129": "Eva Luise K\u00f6hler (German: [\u02c8k\u00f8\u02d0l\u0250] (listen); born 2 January 1947 in Ludwigsburg as Eva Luise Bohnet) is the wife of the former German President Horst K\u00f6hler and as such, was sometimes referred to by the media as the \"First Lady\" during her husband's presidency.\n\n", "Q577668": "The Khanate of Bukhara (or Khanate of Bukhoro) (Persian: \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u200e; Uzbek: Buxoro Xonligi) was an Uzbek state from the second quarter of the 16th century to the late 18th century in Central Asia. Bukhara became the capital of the short-lived Shaybanid empire during the reign of Ubaydallah Khan (1533\u20131540). The khanate reached its greatest extent and influence under its penultimate Shaybanid ruler, the scholarly Abdullah Khan II (r. 1577\u20131598).\nIn the 17th and 18th centuries, the Khanate was ruled by the Janid Dynasty (Astrakhanids or Hashtarkhanids). They were the last Genghisid descendants to rule Bukhara. In 1740, it was conquered by Nadir Shah, the Shah of Iran. After his death in 1747, the khanate was controlled by the non-Genghisid descendants of the Uzbek emir Khudayar Bi, through the prime ministerial position of ataliq. In 1785, his descendant, Shah Murad, formalized the family's dynastic rule (Manghit dynasty), and the khanate became the Emirate of Bukhara. The Manghits were non-Genghisid and took the Islamic title of Emir instead of Khan since their legitimacy was not based on descent from Genghis Khan.", "Q228645": "Ashley Judd (born Ashley Tyler Ciminella; April 19, 1968) is an American actress and a political activist. She grew up in a family of performing artists: she is the daughter of country music singer Naomi Judd and the half-sister of Wynonna Judd. Her acting career has spanned more than three decades, and she has also become increasingly involved in global humanitarian efforts and political activism.\nJudd has starred in several films that have been well received as well as films that have been box office successes including: Ruby in Paradise (1993), Heat (1995), Norma Jean & Marilyn (1996), A Time to Kill (1996), Kiss the Girls (1997), Double Jeopardy (1999), Where the Heart Is (2000), Frida (2002), High Crimes (2002), De-Lovely (2004), Bug (2006), Dolphin Tale (2011), Olympus Has Fallen (2013), Divergent (2014), Barry (2016) and A Dog's Way Home (2019). She starred as Rebecca Winstone in the 2012 television series Missing, for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie.\n\n", "Q71766": "Steven Harvey Schiff (March 18, 1947 \u2013 March 25, 1998) was an American politician. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing the first district of New Mexico from 1989 until his death in 1998. Schiff was a Republican.\nSchiff was born in Chicago, Illinois. He received a B.A. at the University of Illinois and a Juris Doctor from the University of New Mexico School of Law. Schiff joined the New Mexico Air National Guard in 1969, and he was a reservist until his death. He remained in New Mexico and was a lawyer until his election to Congress in 1989. From 1972 until 1981, Schiff was an assistant city attorney from Albuquerque. He was the Bernalillo County, New Mexico district attorney from 1981 until his entering Congress.\nIt has been claimed that Schiff had an interest in the UFO phenomenon.Schiff died of squamous-cell carcinoma during his fifth term in Congress in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Republican Heather Wilson won a special election to succeed him.", "Q153529": "The Duchy of Milan was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in northern Italy. It was created in 1395 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Lord of Milan, who obtained from Wenceslaus, King of the Romans, the founding diploma. At that time, it included twenty-six towns and the wide rural area of the middle Padan Plain east of the hills of Montferrat. During much of its existence, it was wedged between Savoy to the west, Venice to the east, the Swiss Confederacy to the north, and separated from the Mediterranean by Genoa to the south. The Duchy eventually fell to Habsburg Austria with the Convention of Milan during the War of the Spanish Succession. The Duchy remained an Austrian possession until 1796, when a French army under Napoleon Bonaparte conquered it, and it ceased to exist a year later as a result of the Treaty of Campo Formio, when Austria ceded it to the new Cisalpine Republic.\nAfter the defeat of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna of 1815 restored many other states which he had destroyed, but not the Duchy of Milan. Instead, its former territory became part of the Kingdom of Lombardy\u2013Venetia, with the Emperor of Austria as its king. In 1859, Lombardy was ceded to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, which would become the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.", "Q70478": "Hermann Ferdinand Fr\u00e4nkel (May 7, 1888 \u2013 April 8, 1977) was a German American classical scholar. He served as professor of Ancient Greek philology at Stanford University until 1953.\nSon of professor Max Fr\u00e4nkel and younger brother of de:Charlotte Fr\u00e4nkel, Fr\u00e4nkel studied classics at Berlin, Bonn and G\u00f6ttingen. He later lectured at G\u00f6ttingen, but was denied a professorship after the Machtergreifung. Eluding increasing racial discrimination by the Nazis, Fr\u00e4nkel immigrated to the United States in 1935. He was offered a professorship at Stanford shortly after. He also held guest professorships at University of California, Berkeley and Cornell University.\nFr\u00e4nkel made important contributions to Early Greek poetry and philosophy interpretation. His son Hans Fr\u00e4nkel became a noted scholar of Chinese literature.", "Q1552809": "Jacob Golden is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist from Portland, Oregon. After the dissolution of his former band, Birthday, in 2000 he has worked as a solo artist and collaborated with different electronica musicians and producers.", "Q68237": "Georg C. F. Greve (born 10 March 1973 in Helgoland, Germany) is a software developer, physicist, author and currently co-founder and president at Vereign. He has been working on technology politics since he founded the Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) in 2001.\nGreve has been working full-time as president for FSFE since early 2001. In June 2009, he handed over the presidency of the FSFE to Karsten Gerloff. His responsibilities for FSFE included coordination of the general assembly, supporting local representatives in their work, working on political and legal issues as well as projects and giving speeches or informing journalists to spread knowledge about free software.\nIn addition, Georg Greve also worked as a consultant, representing Google in the OOXML standardisation process at ISO and as a project reviewer for the European Commission.\nGreve is married and lives in Switzerland.In 2010 Greve was awarded the Cross of Merit on ribbon of the Federal Republic of Germany (Verdienstkreuz am Bande).", "Q1441861": "Francisco Antonio Manzanares (January 25, 1843 \u2013 September 17, 1904) was an American businessman and politician.", "Q78024": "Manfred Roeder (6 February 1929 \u2013 30 July 2014) was a German lawyer and Neo-Nazi terrorist. Roeder was a prominent Holocaust denier.", "Q77317": "Jurek Becker (probably 30 September 1937 \u2013 14 March 1997) was a Polish-born German writer, film-author and GDR dissident. His most famous novel is Jacob the Liar, which has been made into two films. He lived in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a during World War II for about two years and survived the Holocaust.", "Q155158": "Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters (20 June 1887 \u2013 8 January 1948) was a German artist who was born in Hanover, Germany.\nSchwitters worked in several genres and media, including dadaism, constructivism, surrealism, poetry, sound, painting, sculpture, graphic design, typography, and what came to be known as installation art. He is most famous for his collages, called Merz Pictures.\n\n", "Q69897": "Court is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).", "Q162092": "Jack Good (7 August 1931 \u2013 24 September 2017) was a British television producer, musical theatre producer, record producer, musician and painter of icons. As a television producer, he was responsible for the early popular music shows Six-Five Special, Oh Boy!, Boy Meets Girls and Wham!! TV series, the first UK teenage music programmes. Good managed some of the UK's first rock and roll stars, including Tommy Steele, Marty Wilde, Billy Fury, Jess Conrad and Cliff Richard.", "Q77471": "Sarah Kuttner (born 29 January 1979) is a German presenter and author from Berlin.\nHer father is famed radio host J\u00fcrgen Kuttner. She has regularly appeared on the music television channel VIVA since November 2001 after being selected out of 1500 other participants in a casting held in summer of that year. Her popularity increased rapidly and in August 2004 she started to host her own show called Sarah Kuttner \u2013 Die Show, a variation on the popular late show concept with comedy, a sidekick (Sven Schuhmacher), talk guests and musical guests. After Viacom bought VIVA in 2005, her show was moved to MTV Germany and renamed to \"Kuttner.\" with no dramatic changes in concept or crew. Production was relocated from Cologne to Berlin. Kuttner announced the show's cancellation due to high production costs and low ratings in May 2006.\nShe also co-hosted (with J\u00f6rg Pilawa) the show \"Germany 12 Points\", the German pre-selection for the Eurovision Song Contest on publicly owned channel ARD on 19 March 2004.\nKuttner wrote a weekly column in the national daily newspaper S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung and a monthly column in music magazine Musikexpress. Both were compiled in two books, \"Das oblatend\u00fcnne Eis des halben Zweidrittelwissens\" (March 2006) and \"Die anstrengende Daueranwesenheit der Gegenwart\" (March 2007). \"Das oblatend\u00fcnne Eis\" enjoyed a moderate success in Germany with mixed but largely positive reviews. Especially TV personality Harald Schmidt emphasized his admiration for the book. No figures or reviews for \"Die anstrengende Daueranwesenheit\" are yet available.\nIn 2009 Kuttner released her first novel M\u00e4ngelexemplar, which dealt with the topic of depression. The film Too Hard to Handle (2016) is based on the book. In November 2011, her second book Wachstumsschmerz was released. Kuttner's second novel is about the pains of growing up.\nIn 2006 Kuttner accepted her one and so far only acting job, providing the German voice of \"Red\" in the dubbed version of the movie \"Hoodwinked!\".\nBeginning 11 November 2007 she will start hosting a weekly radio show, Kuttner & Kuttner together with her father J\u00fcrgen Kuttner, on Radio Eins in Berlin.\nIn 2011 Kuttner hosted a talk show called \"Ausflug mit Kuttner\" of which three episodes where shot. In this show she interviewed celebrities while going on typical Sunday trips with them.\nShe hosts many of her shows barefoot.", "Q67662": "Verscio is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The municipalities of Cavigliano, Tegna and Verscio merged on 14 April 2013 into the new municipality of Terre di Pedemonte.", "Q172281": "Arthur Legat (1 November 1898 \u2013 23 February 1960) was a racing driver from Haine-Saint-Paul, Belgium. He participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 22 June 1952. He scored no championship points.\nLegat won the Grand Prix des Fronti\u00e8res at Chimay in 1931 and 1932 with a Bugatti.", "Q57979": "Ilona Longo (n\u00e9e Schoknecht, divorced Briesenick and Slupianek; born 24 September 1956) is a German former shot putter who represented East Germany. As Ilona Slupianek, she won the 1980 Olympic title in Moscow and won European titles in 1978 and 1982. She is also a seven-time GDR champion. She twice broke the world record with puts of 22.36 metres and 22.45 metres in 1980. She was suspended for a year for doping.", "Q1798612": "Mercer University is a private university with its main campus in Macon, Georgia. Founded in 1833 as Mercer Institute and gaining university status in 1837, it is the oldest private university in Georgia and enrolls more than 8,600 students in 12 colleges and schools: liberal arts, business, engineering, education, music, continuing and professional studies, law, theology, medicine, pharmacy, nursing, and health professions. Mercer is a member of the Georgia Research Alliance and has a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, the nation's oldest collegiate honors society.Mercer has three major campuses: the historic (main) campus in Macon, a graduate and professional education campus in Atlanta, and a four-year campus of the School of Medicine in Savannah. Mercer also has regional academic centers in Henry County and Douglas County; the Mercer University School of Law on its own campus in Macon; teaching hospitals in Macon, Savannah, and Columbus; a university press and a performing arts center, the Grand Opera House, in Macon; and the Mercer Engineering Research Center in Warner Robins. The Mercer University Health Sciences Center encompasses Mercer's medical, pharmacy, nursing, and health professions programs in Macon, Atlanta, Savannah, and Columbus.U.S. News and World Report has ranked Mercer second among private universities in Georgia for approximately 25 years. Overall, U.S. News and World Report (2020 edition) ranks Mercer 153 among the 381 National Universities and as the 40th best value in terms of education relative to cost. Mercer has been cited by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching for its community engagement and was among the 113 institutions listed on the 2015 President's Higher Education Community Service Honor Roll with Distinction.Mercer has an NCAA Division I athletic program and fields teams in eight men's and ten women's sports; all university-sponsored sports compete in the Southern Conference except women's sand volleyball, which is not sponsored by the SoCon, and thus compete in the Atlantic Sun Conference.", "Q334278": "James Donnelly Touhig, Baron Touhig, KSS (born 5 December 1947), known as Don Touhig, is a British Labour Co-operative politician from Wales. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Islwyn from a 1995 by-election until his retirement in 2010, after which he was appointed as a life peer in the House of Lords.", "Q276739": "Carlos Elejalde Garai (born 10 October 1960 in Vitoria-Gasteiz) better known as Karra Elejalde is a Spanish actor.\nIn 2014 he replaced Benito Pocino as Mortadelo in Mortadelo y Filem\u00f3n contra Jimmy el Cachondo (2014). He played Koldo in Ocho apellidos vascos. He reprised the same role in Ocho apellidos catalanes (2015). After the success of both films, he affirmed he won't play the next sequels. In 2016 he appeared in 1898: Los \u00faltimos de Filipinas as Brother Carmelo.During the 25th Goya Awards in 2011 he was awarded by the Goya Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2015 he was awarded by the same prize at the 29th Goya Awards.", "Q71000": "Karlheinz Brandenburg (born 20 June 1954) is a German electrical engineer and mathematician. Together with Ernst Eberlein, Heinz Gerh\u00e4user (former Institutes Director of Fraunhofer IIS), Bernhard Grill, J\u00fcrgen Herre and Harald Popp (all Fraunhofer IIS), he developed the widespread MP3 method for audio data compression. He is also known for his elementary work in the field of audio coding, the perception measurement, the wave field synthesis and psychoacoustics. Brandenburg has received numerous national and international research awards, prizes and honors for his work. Since 2000 he is Professor of Electronic Media Technology at the Technical University Ilmenau. Brandenburg was significantly involved in the founding of the Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology (IDMT) and currently serves as its director.", "Q1146335": "Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults by the plot being based on their special interests, such as coming of age, attempting to fit in, bullying, peer pressure, first love, teen rebellion, conflict with parents, and teen angst or alienation. Often these normally serious subject matters are presented in a glossy, stereotyped or trivialized way. Many teenage characters are portrayed by young adult actors. Some teen films appeal to young males, while others appeal to young females.\nFilms in this genre are often set in high schools and colleges, or contain characters who are of high school or college age.", "Q61213": "Anthony Ulrich (German: Anton Ulrich; 4 October 1633 \u2013 27 March 1714), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg and ruling Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenb\u00fcttel from 1685 until 1702 jointly with his elder brother Rudolph Augustus, and solely from 1704 until his death. He was one of the main proponents of enlightened absolutism among the Brunswick dukes.", "Q27856747": "Roman Empire is a television documentary based on historical events of the Roman Empire. The show is in the anthology format with each season presenting an independent story. Season 1, \"Reign of Blood\", is a six-part story centered on Emperor Commodus. Jeremiah Murphy and Peter Sherman collaborated on writing the first season, with Richard Lopez directing. It premiered on Netflix on November 11, 2016. Season 2, \"Master of Rome\", is a five-part story of the rise of Julius Caesar and the fall of the Roman Republic. Season 2 premiered on July 27, 2018. Season 3 premiered on Netflix on April 5, 2019 and centers on Emperor Caligula.The series was produced by Netflix as a \"Netflix Original\" series, though it frequently reuses footage from other programs, including Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire.", "Q105009": "Annette Dasch (born 24 March 1976) is a German soprano. She performs in operas and concerts.", "Q406085": "Aino Regina Taube (11 July 1912 \u2013 3 June 1990) was a Swedish film and theatre actress. She appeared in 50 films between 1931 and 1988.", "Q75266": "Dr Zolt\u00e1n Ill\u00e9s (born 17 January 1961) is a Hungarian chemical engineer and politician from Vojvodina, Serbia, member of the National Assembly of Hungary (MP) for Ter\u00e9zv\u00e1ros, 6th District of Budapest (Budapest Constituency VIII) from 2010 to 2014. He also represented Ter\u00e9zv\u00e1ros between 1998 and 2002. He secured a seat from Fidesz National List in the 2002 Hungarian parliamentary election.He served as Chairman of the Committee on the Environment from 25 June 1998 to 14 May 2002. Ill\u00e9s was appointed Secretary of State for Environmental Protection and Water in the Ministry of Rural Development on 2 June 2010.In September 2013, Ill\u00e9s responded to a formal question from Bernadett Sz\u00e9l (LMP) about the Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 Project in Romania, where amongst other things he said \"just because you\u2019re pretty doesn\u2019t also mean you\u2019re smart,\" and lectured her for daring to utter the Prime Minister Viktor Orb\u00e1n's name. Later, Ill\u00e9s has apologized for these remarks. House Speaker L\u00e1szl\u00f3 K\u00f6v\u00e9r has defended Ill\u00e9s' controversial comments in parliament, referring to his fellow Fidesz politician\u2019s words as \"offensive, but not flagrantly offensive.\"As environmentalist, he strongly criticized the planned upgrade of the Paks Nuclear Power Plant, signed between the Hungarian and Russian governments in January 2014. As a result, he was unable to run as parliamentary candidate for the 2014 parliamentary election. Since then, Ill\u00e9s accused Orb\u00e1n's government in several cases with corruption and development of oligarchic system.", "Q522641": "Gabriel Celaya (full name: Rafael Gabriel Juan M\u00fagica Celaya Leceta; March 18, 1911 in Hernani, Gipuzkoa \u2013 April 18, 1991 in Madrid) was a Spanish poet. Gabriel settled in Madrid and studied engineering, working for a time as a Manager in his family's business.Gabriel met Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, Jos\u00e9 Moreno Villa and other intellectuals who inspired him towards writing around 1927-1935, after which he devoted his writing entirely to poetry. In 1946 he founded the collection of the poems \"Norte\" with its inseparable Amparo Gast\u00f3n and since then, he abandoned his engineering profession and his family's business.\nThe poetry collection \"Norte\" was intended to bridge between the gap of the poetry of the generation of 1927, the exile and Europe.\nIn 1946, he published the prose book \"Tentativas\" in which he signed as Gabriel Celaya for the first time. This is the first stage of existentialist character.\nAlong with Eugenio de Nora and Blas de Otero, he supported the idea of a non-elitist poetry in the service of the majority, \"to transform the world\".\nIn 1956, he won the Critics Award for his book \"De claro en claro\".\nWhen this model of social poetry was in crisis, Celaya returned to his poetic origins. He published 'La linterna sorda' ('The lantern deaf') and reedited poems belonging prior to 1936. He also tested the experimentalism and concrete poetry 'Campos Sem\u00e1nticos'('semantic fields') (1971).\nBetween 1977 and 1980 their Obras Completas were published in five volumes.\nIn 1986 he won a national prize for Spanish literature by the Ministry of Culture, the same year when he published \u201cOpen world\u201d.\nIn short, the work of Celaya is a great synthesis of almost all the concerns and styles of Spanish poetry of 20th century.\nCelaya died on April 18, 1991 in Madrid and his remains were scattered in his native Hernani.", "Q338442": "Rhapsody in Blue is a 1945 fictionalized screen biography of the American composer and musician George Gershwin (1898\u20131937) released by Warner Brothers.", "Q72509": "Erhard Auer (born December 22, 1874 in Dommelstadl, Neuburg am Inn near Passau, \u2020 March 20, 1945, in Giengen an der Brenz, W\u00fcrttemberg ) was a Bavarian politician, member of the state parliament, first Minister of the Interior of the Free State of Bavaria and SPD -Partivorsitzender in Bavaria.", "Q318792": "Howard Bailey Jr. (born March 9, 1980), better known by his stage name Chingy, is an American hip hop recording artist, record producer and actor. Chingy grew up in St. Louis, Missouri and began rapping in his late teens. He toured as an opening act with Nelly in the summer of 2002 and then became a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Ludacris, who signed him to his newly formed Disturbing Tha Peace (DTP) record label. The rapper's 2003 summer debut single, \"Right Thurr\", put him on the musical map as a good-time rapper who specialized in catchy, club-friendly beats and simplistic lyrics delivered in a sing-song, nursery rhyme style.\nChingy's 2003 debut album, Jackpot, sold two million copies, thanks to the boost from \"Right Thurr\". A second album, Powerballin', was released in 2004 to mixed reviews, and his 2006 release Hoodstar spawned the hit singles \"Pullin' Me Back\" and \"Dem Jeans.\" He released Hate It or Love It in 2007, under DTP records. The album's lead single is \"Fly Like Me\", featuring Amerie. A studio album, Success & Failure, was released in 2010. In 2018, he made his official debut as a record producer which he produced his own latest single \u201cSparks Fly\u201d which debuted on July 4, 2018.", "Q436146": "Mariuccia Mandelli (January 31, 1925 \u2013 December 6, 2015) was an Italian fashion designer and entrepreneur. Mandelli established her ready-to-wear fashion house, Krizia, in 1954 by bringing suitcases of samples to shops in Milan out of her Fiat 500. The Guardian has called her the \"godmother of Italian fashion.\" According to the New York Times, Mandelli was one of the first female fashion designers to create a popular line of men's wear.In 1964, she unveiled her first black-and-white collection at the Palazzo Pitti in Florence, which earned a Critica della Moda award. The fashion house grew rapidly during the 1960s and 1970s. Under Mandelli, Krizia released a version of shorts cut \"very short\" in 1971, now seen as an early form of hot pants. Krizia grew into a $500 million business at its height during the 1990s.Mandelli was born in Bergamo on Jan. 31, 1925. She had a talent as a seamstress and an interest in fashion, but studied to be a teacher based on her mother's advice. Mandelli worked as a teacher for several years until her friend, Flora Dolci, offered use of a flat in Rome for six months rent-free. She purchased an old sewing machine in the early 1950s and founded her label, Krizia, in 1954 by selling clothes from her Fiat 500.Mariuccia Mandelli died at her home in Milan on December 6, 2015, at the age of 90.", "Q233265": "Robert Browning (7 May 1812 \u2013 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax.\nBrowning's early career began promisingly, but collapsed. The long poems Pauline and Paracelsus received some acclaim, but in 1840 the difficult Sordello, which was seen as wilfully obscure, brought his poetry into disrepute. His reputation took more than a decade to recover, during which time he moved away from the Shelleyan forms of his early period and developed a more personal style.\nIn 1846, Browning married the older poet Elizabeth Barrett, and went to live in Italy. By the time of her death in 1861, he had published the crucial collection Men and Women. The collection Dramatis Personae and the book-length epic poem The Ring and the Book followed, and made him a leading British poet. He continued to write prolifically, but his reputation today rests largely on the poetry he wrote in this middle period.\nWhen Browning died in 1889, he was regarded as a sage and philosopher-poet who through his writing had made contributions to Victorian social and political discourse. Unusually for a poet, societies for the study of his work were founded while he was still alive. Such Browning Societies remained common in Britain and the United States until the early 20th century.", "Q1364886": "Raymond Cruz (born July 9, 1961) is an American actor, best known for his starring role as Detective Julio Sanchez in the series The Closer and its spinoff Major Crimes, his recurring role as the drug lord Tuco Salamanca in the crime drama Breaking Bad and its spin-off Better Call Saul.", "Q377355": "Louise Dimanche (before 1715 - floruit 1739), was a French actress, opera singer, ballet dancer, and theatre director. She was the director of the La Monnaie in Brussels from 1721 to 1722. She was the first woman to hold this position.\nDimanche was a dancer at La Monnaie in 1715, where she took part in Les Nouvelles F\u00eates v\u00e9nitiennes by Antoine Danchet and Andr\u00e9 Campra. It was followed by a performance of Omphale by Antoine Houdar de La Motte and Andr\u00e9-Cardinal Destouches. Afterwards, she danced and sang in Lille in 1715-1718, where she married her first husband Antoine Vernet, a singer also known as For\u00eat.\nAfter a short stay in The Hague in 1719, Dimanche was appointed director of Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Royal de la Monnaie in Brussels. She was succeeded by Thomas-Louis Bourgeois, after which Dimanche returned to Lille where she remained and performed until 1725. She married her second husband, the singer Nicolas Demouchy, in Lille in the year 1722.\nIn 1729, Dimanche was a singer of the royal chapel in Dresden. Afterwards, she returned to Lille where she founded a new artistic troupe. She married Jean-Nicolas Pr\u00e9vost, one of the troupe's members, in 1737. The marriage took place in Brussels.\nDimanche returned to The Hague in 1739, where she gave birth to a son named Jean-Fran\u00e7ois. His godmother was the French actress Jeanne Dulondel. Nothing is known of Dimanche's life after these events.", "Q733938": "The Real Ghostbusters is an American animated television series, a spin-off/sequel of the 1984 comedy movie Ghostbusters. The series ran from September 13, 1986, to October 5, 1991, and was produced by Columbia Pictures Television, DIC Enterprises and Coca-Cola Telecommunications.The series continues the adventures of paranormal investigators Dr. Peter Venkman, Dr. Egon Spengler, Dr. Ray Stantz, Winston Zeddemore, their secretary Janine Melnitz and their mascot ghost Slimer. \"The Real\" was added to the title after a dispute with Filmation and its Ghost Busters properties.There also were two ongoing Real Ghostbusters comics, one published monthly by Now Comics in the United States and the other published weekly (originally biweekly) by Marvel Comics in the United Kingdom. Kenner produced a line of action figures and playsets based on the cartoon.", "Q428378": "Jacob Millman (1911 in Novohrad-Volynskyi, Ukraine \u2013 May 22, 1991 in Longboat Key, Florida) was a professor of Electrical Engineering at Columbia University. He immigrated to the United States in 1913 with his mother, Gertrude (Nachsher) Millman and sister Rebecca.\nMillman received a Ph.D. from MIT in 1935. He joined Columbia University in 1951, and retired in 1975. From 1941 to 1987, Millman wrote eight textbooks on electronics. His obituary was printed in the New York Times newspaper on 24 May 1991.\nMillman's Theorem (otherwise known as the Parallel generator theorem) is named after him.\nHe received in 1970 the IEEE Education Medal.", "Q378066": "H\u00f4tel des Am\u00e9riques (English: Hotel America) is a 1981 French drama film directed by Andr\u00e9 T\u00e9chin\u00e9, starring Catherine Deneuve and Patrick Dewaere. The film, set in Biarritz, tells the ill-fated romance of mismatched lovers. This is the first of several collaborations between T\u00e9chin\u00e9 and Deneuve, who became his favorite actress.", "Q159004": "Thomas James DiLorenzo (; born August 8, 1954) is an American economics professor at Loyola University Maryland Sellinger School of Business. He identifies as an adherent of the Austrian School of economics. He is a research fellow at The Independent Institute, a senior fellow of the Ludwig von Mises Institute, Board of Advisors member at CFACT, and an associate of the Abbeville Institute. He holds a Ph.D. in Economics from Virginia Tech.", "Q946028": "The Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences (commonly shorted to Courant) is the mathematics research school of New York University (NYU), and is among the most prestigious mathematics schools and mathematical sciences research centers in the world. Founded in 1935. it is named after Richard Courant, one of the founders of the Courant Institute and also a mathematics professor at New York University from 1936 to 1972, and serves as a center for research and advanced training in computer science and mathematics. It is located at Gould Plaza next to the Stern School of Business and the economics department of the College of Arts and Science. \nIt is ranked #1 in applied mathematical research in US, #5 in citation impact worldwide, and #12 in citation worldwide. On the Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index, it is ranked #3 with an index of 1.84. It is also known for its extensive research in pure mathematical areas, such as partial differential equations, probability and geometry, as well as applied mathematical areas, such as computational biology, computational neuroscience, and mathematical finance. The Mathematics Department of the Institute has 18 members of the United States National Academy of Sciences (more than any other mathematics department in the U.S.) and five members of the National Academy of Engineering. Four faculty members have been awarded the National Medal of Science, one was honored with the Kyoto Prize, and nine have received career awards from the National Science Foundation. Courant Institute professors Peter Lax, S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan, Mikhail Gromov, Louis Nirenberg won the 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2015 Abel Prize respectively for their research in partial differential equations, probability and geometry. Louis Nirenberg also received the Chern Medal in 2010, and Subhash Khot won the Nevanlinna Prize in 2014.\nThe Director of the Courant Institute directly reports to New York University's Provost and President and works closely with deans and directors of other NYU colleges and divisions respectively. The undergraduate programs and graduate programs at the Courant Institute are run independently by the Institute, and formally associated with the NYU College of Arts and Science and NYU Graduate School of Arts and Science respectively.", "Q1388769": "Sven-Ole Thorsen (born 24 September 1944) is a Danish actor, stuntman, bodybuilder and strongman competitor. Thorsen won Denmark's Strongest Man in 1983.Using his stature he often plays imposing giants and villains in his films who are somehow beaten by smaller opponents in a David and Goliath manner, but he has also played heroic characters such as Gunnar the legendary warrior in The Viking Sagas. His autobiography St\u00e6rk mand i Hollywood (Strong Man in Hollywood) was published on 26 October 2007, and was very well reviewed. The first printing of the book reportedly sold out in 24 hours.", "Q170509": "Henry James ((1843-04-15)15 April 1843 \u2013 (1916-02-28)28 February 1916) was an American-British author regarded as a key transitional figure between literary realism and literary modernism, and is considered by many to be among the greatest novelists in the English language. He was the son of Henry James Sr. and the brother of renowned philosopher and psychologist William James and diarist Alice James.\nHe is best known for a number of novels dealing with the social and marital interplay between \u00e9migr\u00e9 Americans, English people, and continental Europeans. Examples of such novels include The Portrait of a Lady, The Ambassadors, and The Wings of the Dove. His later works were increasingly experimental. In describing the internal states of mind and social dynamics of his characters, James often made use of a style in which ambiguous or contradictory motives and impressions were overlaid or juxtaposed in the discussion of a character's psyche. For their unique ambiguity, as well as for other aspects of their composition, his late works have been compared to impressionist painting.\nHis novella The Turn of the Screw has garnered a reputation as the most analysed and ambiguous ghost story in the English language and remains his most widely adapted work in other media. He also wrote a number of other highly regarded ghost stories and is considered one of the greatest masters of the field.\nJames published articles and books of criticism, travel, biography, autobiography, and plays. Born in the United States, James largely relocated to Europe as a young man and eventually settled in England, becoming a British subject in 1915, one year before his death. James was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911, 1912 and 1916.", "Q1375814": "Larry Heard (born May 31, 1960, Chicago, Illinois, United States) is an American DJ, record producer and musician, widely known as an important figure in 1980s Chicago house music. He has recorded solo under various names, most notably Mr. Fingers, and was leader of the influential group Fingers Inc., whose 1988 album Another Side was the first long-form house LP. He is regarded as a pioneer of deep house music, bridging the gap between the futurism and \"posthuman tendencies\" of house and the lush, soulful sound of disco.", "Q99351": "August Lewald (14 October 1792 in K\u00f6nigsberg \u2013 10 March 1871 in Baden-Baden) was a German author.", "Q118879": "Peter Bell (15 July 1889 in Metz ; \u2020 22 September 1939 in Neuburg an der Donau ) was a German teacher and politician ( NSDAP ). He was a deputy in the Reichstag of the German Reich and in the Prussian Landtag.", "Q54337": "T\u00e4by (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u025b\u030c\u02d0b\u028f] (listen)) was a trimunicipal locality and the seat of T\u00e4by Municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden, with 66,292 inhabitants in 2013. It was also partly located in Danderyd Municipality (the Enebyberg area) and a very small part of Sollentuna Municipality. As from 2016 Statistics Sweden has amalgamated this locality with the Stockholm urban area.\nHowever, T\u00e4by kyrkby in the northern part of T\u00e4by Municipality still forms part of the Vallentuna urban area.", "Q503710": "Timothy Ross Armstrong (born November 25, 1965) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, producer, and actor. Known for his distinctive hoarse and soulful voice, he is the singer/guitarist for the punk rock band Rancid and hip hop/punk rock supergroup Transplants. Prior to forming Rancid, Armstrong was in the influential ska punk band Operation Ivy. In 1997, along with Brett Gurewitz of the band Bad Religion and owner of Epitaph Records, Armstrong founded Hellcat Records. In 2012, through his website, Armstrong started releasing music that influenced him, along with stripped-down cover songs of his own work under the name Tim Timebomb. He has released at least one song per week since late 2012. Armstrong is also a songwriter for other artists. Armstrong won a Grammy Award for his work with Jimmy Cliff and Pink, and has also worked with Joe Walsh.", "Q564953": "Heinrich Ludwig Egmont Dorn (14 November 1800 or 1804 \u2013 10 January 1892) was a German conductor, composer, teacher, and journalist. He was born in K\u00f6nigsberg (now known as Kaliningrad), where he studied piano, singing, and composition. Later, he studied in Berlin with Ludwig Berger, Bernhard Klein, and Carl Friedrich Zelter. His first opera, Rolands Knappen, was produced in 1826, and was a success. Around this time, he became co-editor of the Berliner allgemeine Muzikzeitung.\nDorn became well known as a conductor of opera, and held theatre posts at K\u00f6nigsberg (1828), Leipzig (1829\u201332), Hamburg (1832), Riga (1834\u201343), and Cologne (1844\u20138). In 1849, he became co-conductor, with Wilhelm Taubert, of the Berlin Hofoper - a post he held until 1869.\nDorn taught counterpoint to the young Robert Schumann, and was a friend of Franz Liszt. He was a harsh critic of Richard Wagner, but was persuaded to conduct the opera Tannh\u00e4user, in 1855. He also wrote an opera Die Nibelungen, based on the Nibelungenlied, in 1853, many years before Wagner completed Der Ring des Nibelungen.\nDorn died in Berlin in 1892.", "Q73788": "Michael Ebling (born 27 January 1967) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). On 25 March 2012 he was elected mayor of Mainz as successor of Jens Beutel (SPD). Ebling took over the office of mayor on 18 April 2012.", "Q205648": "Granada (Spanish pronunciation: [\u0261\u027ea\u02c8na\u00f0a]) is a city in western Nicaragua and the capital of the Granada Department. With an estimated population of 123,697 (2012), it is Nicaragua's sixth most populous city. Granada is historically one of Nicaragua's most important cities, economically and politically. It has a rich colonial heritage, seen in its architecture and structure.\nGranada had a thriving Indigenous population. In 1524, the city was renamed Granada, by Francisco Hern\u00e1ndez de C\u00f3rdoba, ostensibly the first European city in mainland America. Unlike other cities that claim the same distinction, the city of Granada was not only the settlement of the conquest, but also a city registered in official records of the Crown of Aragon, and the Kingdom of Castile in Spain.\nGranada is also known as La Gran Sultana, in the reflection of its Moorish and Andalusian appearance, unlike its sister city and historical rival Le\u00f3n, which displays Castilian trends.", "Q979347": "Herbert Butros Khaury (April 12, 1932 \u2013 November 30, 1996), known also as Herbert Buckingham Khaury and known professionally as Tiny Tim, was an American singer, ukulele player, and musical archivist. He is best remembered for his cover hits \"Tiptoe Through the Tulips\" and \"Livin' in the Sunlight, Lovin' in the Moonlight\", which he sang in a high falsetto voice.", "Q137642": "Nicholas G. Carr (born 1959) is an American writer who has published books and articles on technology, business, and culture. His book The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains was a finalist for the 2011 Pulitzer Prize in General Nonfiction.", "Q959097": "Hendrik Willem van Loon (January 14, 1882 \u2013 March 11, 1944) was a Dutch-American historian, journalist, and children's book author.\n\n", "Q171617": "Campinas (Portuguese pronunciation: [k\u0250\u0303\u02c8pin\u0250s], Plains or Meadows) is a Brazilian municipality in S\u00e3o Paulo State, part of the country's Southeast Region. According to the 2010 Census, the city's population is 1,080,999, making it the fourteenth most populous Brazilian city and the third most populous municipality in S\u00e3o Paulo state. The city's metropolitan area, Metropolitan Region of Campinas, contains twenty municipalities with a total population of 3,656,363 people.", "Q3088816": "James Messina (born December 5, 1947) is an American musician, songwriter, singer, guitarist, recording engineer and record producer. He was a member of the folk rock group Buffalo Springfield, a founding member of the pioneering country rock band Poco, and half of the soft rock duo Loggins and Messina with Kenny Loggins.", "Q595014": "Neil Thomas Giraldo (born December 29, 1955) is an American musician, record producer, arranger, and songwriter best known as the musical partner of Pat Benatar for more than 40 years. He has also performed, written and produced for artists including Rick Derringer, John Waite, Rick Springfield, Kenny Loggins, Steve Forbert, The Del-Lords, Scott Kempner, and Beth Hart. Giraldo's diverse work has sold over 45 million records and his contributions have produced five Grammy Awards and an additional four Grammy nominations.", "Q70281": "Romont is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).", "Q123637": "Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary approach for exploring regulatory systems\u2014their structures, constraints, and possibilities. Norbert Wiener defined cybernetics in 1948 as \"the scientific study of control and communication in the animal and the machine.\" In other words, it is the scientific study of how humans, animals and machines control and communicate with each other.\nCybernetics is applicable when a system being analyzed incorporates a closed signaling loop\u2014originally referred to as a \"circular causal\" relationship\u2014that is, where action by the system generates some change in its environment and that change is reflected in the system in some manner (feedback) that triggers a system change. Cybernetics is relevant to, for example, mechanical, physical, biological, cognitive, and social systems. The essential goal of the broad field of cybernetics is to understand and define the functions and processes of systems that have goals and that participate in circular, causal chains that move from action to sensing to comparison with desired goal, and again to action. Its focus is how anything (digital, mechanical or biological) processes information, reacts to information, and changes or can be changed to better accomplish the first two tasks. Cybernetics includes the study of feedback, black boxes and derived concepts such as communication and control in living organisms, machines and organizations including self-organization.\nConcepts studied by cyberneticists include, but are not limited to: learning, cognition, adaptation, social control, emergence, convergence, communication, efficiency, efficacy, and connectivity. In cybernetics these concepts (otherwise already objects of study in other disciplines such as biology and engineering) are abstracted from the context of the specific organism or device.\nThe word cybernetics comes from Greek \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae (kybern\u0113tik\u1e17), meaning \"governance\", i.e., all that are pertinent to \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c9 (kybern\u00e1\u014d), the latter meaning \"to steer, navigate or govern\", hence \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 (kyb\u00e9rn\u0113sis), meaning \"government\", is the government while \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (kybern\u1e17t\u0113s) is the governor or \"helmperson\" of the \"ship\". Contemporary cybernetics began as an interdisciplinary study connecting the fields of control systems, electrical network theory, mechanical engineering, logic modeling, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, anthropology, and psychology in the 1940s, often attributed to the Macy Conferences. During the second half of the 20th century cybernetics evolved in ways that distinguish first-order cybernetics (about observed systems) from second-order cybernetics (about observing systems). More recently there is talk about a third-order cybernetics (doing in ways that embraces first and second-order).Studies in cybernetics provide a means for examining the design and function of any system, including social systems such as business management and organizational learning, including for the purpose of making them more efficient and effective. Fields of study which have influenced or been influenced by cybernetics include game theory, system theory (a mathematical counterpart to cybernetics), perceptual control theory, sociology, psychology (especially neuropsychology, behavioral psychology, cognitive psychology), philosophy, architecture, and organizational theory. System dynamics, originated with applications of electrical engineering control theory to other kinds of simulation models (especially business systems) by Jay Forrester at MIT in the 1950s, is a related field.", "Q144874": "Morgan Cassius Fitzpatrick (October 29, 1868 \u2013 June 25, 1908) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 4th congressional district of Tennessee.", "Q4687701": "Jacob \"Kobi\" Alexander (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 (\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9) \u05d0\u05dc\u05db\u05e1\u05e0\u05d3\u05e8\u200e; born May 4, 1952) is an Israeli-American businessman. He is the founder and the former CEO of New York-based Comverse Technology. In 2006, he was charged with multiple counts of fraud and related offenses pertaining to irregularities in trading of Comverse stock; he subsequently fled to Namibia, a nation which has no extradition treaty with the US.", "Q104288": "Karl Freiherr von Vincke (also Carl von Vincke; von Vincke-Olbendorf, 1800\u20131869) was a Prussian officer and politician. \nHe was a member of the baronial Vincke family, a cousin of liberal politician Georg von Vincke. \nHe served in the Prussian Army from 1817, from 1829 in the general staff, from \n1832 in the rank of captain in VI. Armee-Korps. He participated in the military reform of the Ottoman army as an advisor from 1837, and participated in the war in Egypt in 1840. Later in 1840, he was promoted to major and reassigned to the Gardekorps.\nHe left the active service in 1843, but remained in the army until 1850, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel. \nFrom 1843, he began to participate in politics on the liberal party even while maintaining a personal friendship with William I, German Emperor, facilitating both his escape into exile following the March Revolution of 1848, and his return later in June of the same year.\nHe was a member of the Landtag of Prussia from 1849 to 1854, and from 1850 member of the \nErfurt parliament. From 1858 until his death he was a member of the Prussian House of Representatives.\nHe served as a witness in the pistol duel between Otto von Bismarck and Georg von Vincke in 1852.", "Q69908": "Studen is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q250107": "Mr. Majestyk is a 1974 American action film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Charles Bronson. The film is from an original screenplay written by author Elmore Leonard. He also wrote the novelization based on the movie, a reversal of the usual process of adaptation. Leonard took the title character's last name from a character in his 1969 crime novel The Big Bounce.", "Q876706": "Chevalier Louis Antoine Debrauz de Saldapenna (2 June 1811 \u2013 18 January 1871) was an Austrian secret diplomat and journalist, founder and editor of the M\u00e9morial diplomatique, a noted statistical expert of his time and the author of numerous books on politics, law and financial subjects.", "Q1340677": "John Robinson Pierce (March 27, 1910 \u2013 April 2, 2002), was an American engineer and author. He worked extensively in the fields of radio communication, microwave technology, computer music, psychoacoustics, and science fiction. As a sideline to his professional career he wrote science fiction for many years under various names: John Pierce, John R. Pierce, and J. J. Coupling. Born in Des Moines, Iowa, he earned his PhD from Caltech, and died in Sunnyvale, California, from complications of Parkinson's Disease.\n\n", "Q278853": "Ahmad Khatab Salim or Ahmad Kharab Salim (born Albert Atkinson on July 28, 1922) was an American jazz composer, and arranger.", "Q313758": "Philip Arthur Larkin (9 August 1922 \u2013 2 December 1985) was an English poet, novelist, and librarian. His first book of poetry, The North Ship, was published in 1945, followed by two novels, Jill (1946) and A Girl in Winter (1947), and he came to prominence in 1955 with the publication of his second collection of poems, The Less Deceived, followed by The Whitsun Weddings (1964) and High Windows (1974). He contributed to The Daily Telegraph as its jazz critic from 1961 to 1971, articles gathered in All What Jazz: A Record Diary 1961\u201371 (1985), and he edited The Oxford Book of Twentieth Century English Verse (1973). His many honours include the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry. He was offered, but declined, the position of Poet Laureate in 1984, following the death of Sir John Betjeman.\nAfter graduating from Oxford University in 1943 with a first in English Language and Literature, Larkin became a librarian. It was during the thirty years he worked with distinction as university librarian at the Brynmor Jones Library at the University of Hull that he produced the greater part of his published work. His poems are marked by what Andrew Motion calls \"a very English, glum accuracy\u201d about emotions, places, and relationships, and what Donald Davie described as \"lowered sights and diminished expectations\". Eric Homberger (echoing Randall Jarrell) called him \"the saddest heart in the post-war supermarket\"\u2014Larkin himself said that deprivation for him was \u201cwhat daffodils were for Wordsworth\u201d. Influenced by W. H. Auden, W. B. Yeats, and Thomas Hardy, his poems are highly structured but flexible verse forms. They were described by Jean Hartley, the ex-wife of Larkin's publisher George Hartley (the Marvell Press), as a \"piquant mixture of lyricism and discontent\", though anthologist Keith Tuma writes that there is more to Larkin's work than its reputation for dour pessimism suggests.Larkin's public persona was that of the no-nonsense, solitary Englishman who disliked fame and had no patience for the trappings of the public literary life. The posthumous publication by Anthony Thwaite in 1992 of his letters triggered controversy about his personal life and political views, described by John Banville as hair-raising, but also in places hilarious. Lisa Jardine called him a \"casual, habitual racist, and an easy misogynist\", but the academic John Osborne argued in 2008 that \"the worst that anyone has discovered about Larkin are some crass letters and a taste for porn softer than what passes for mainstream entertainment\". Despite the controversy Larkin was chosen in a 2003 Poetry Book Society survey, almost two decades after his death, as Britain's best-loved poet of the previous 50 years, and in 2008 The Times named him Britain's greatest post-war writer.In 1973 a Coventry Evening Telegraph reviewer referred to Larkin as \"the bard of Coventry\", but in 2010, 25 years after his death, it was Larkin's adopted home city, Kingston upon Hull, that commemorated him with the Larkin 25 Festival which culminated in the unveiling of a statue of Larkin by Martin Jennings on 2 December 2010, the 25th anniversary of his death. On 2 December 2016, the 31st anniversary of his death, a floor stone memorial for Larkin was unveiled at Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.", "Q1254170": "Andrija \u0160tampar (1 September 1888 \u2013 26 June 1958) was a distinguished scholar in the field of social medicine from Croatia.\n\n", "Q487362": "Ray Peterson (April 23, 1939 \u2013 January 25, 2005) was an American pop singer who was best remembered for singing \"Tell Laura I Love Her\" and \"Corrine, Corrina\".", "Q442980": "Jeanette Nolan (December 30, 1911 \u2013 June 5, 1998) was an American actress. Nominated for four Emmy Awards, she had roles in the television series The Virginian (1962\u20131971) and Dirty Sally (1974); and in films such as Macbeth (1948).", "Q155979": "Alexei Anatolievich Navalny (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439, Russian pronunciation: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026ak\u02c8s\u02b2ej \u0250n\u0250\u02c8tol\u02b2j\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 n\u0250\u02c8val\u02b2n\u0268j]; born 4 June 1976) is a Russian lawyer and political activist. A regular participant in Russian March, since 2009, he has gained prominence in Russia, and in the Russian and international media, as a critic of corruption and of Russian President Vladimir Putin. He has organized demonstrations promoting reform and attacking political corruption, Putin and Putin's political allies; he has run for a political office on the same platform. In 2012, The Wall Street Journal described him as \"the man Vladimir Putin fears most\".A self-described nationalist democrat, Navalny was a Russian Opposition Coordination Council member and the leader of the political party Progress Party. In September 2013, he ran in the Moscow mayoral election, supported by the RPR-PARNAS party. He came in second, with 27% of the vote, losing to incumbent mayor Sergei Sobyanin, a Putin appointee. Navalny and his allies insisted that the actual number was still higher and that authorities had committed election fraud in order to prevent a runoff election from taking place.Navalny came to prominence via his blog hosted by LiveJournal, but later switched to YouTube where he has 3.15 million subscribers and Twitter where he has more than 2.1 million followers. He has used his blog, YouTube and Twitter channels to publish videos and documents about corruption by Russian state officials, to organize political demonstrations, and to promote his campaigns for office. He has also been active in other media: most notably, in a 2011 radio interview he described Russia's ruling party, United Russia, as a \"party of crooks and thieves\", which soon became a popular epithet. He created the Anti-Corruption Foundation in 2011.\nNavalny has been arrested many times by Russian authorities. He received two suspended sentences for alleged embezzlement in two separate cases, one in July 2013, and another in December 2014, for five-year and 3.5-year terms of imprisonment, respectively. Both cases are considered to be fabrications in retaliation for his political activity and violated Navalny's right to a fair trial, according to rulings by the European Court of Human Rights. The Memorial Human Rights Center considered Navalny as a political prisoner. In February 2014, Navalny was placed under house arrest and restricted from communicating with anyone but his family.In March 2017, Alexei Navalny and his Anti-Corruption Foundation created a documentary He Is Not Dimon to You, accusing Dmitry Medvedev, the former prime minister and president of Russia, of corruption.In December 2016, Navalny started his campaign to run for President of Russia during the 2018 election, but was barred by Russia's Central Electoral Commission in December 2017 and the Supreme Court of Russia rejected his appeal and upheld the ban. He and his supporters have been arrested and become victims of attacks on numerous occasions during the campaign. In May 2018, he was sentenced to 30 days in prison after being arrested for attending an unsanctioned protest against Putin in Moscow; he condemned the verdict.", "Q282041": "Singles is a 1992 American romantic comedy film written, co-produced, and directed by Cameron Crowe, and starring Bridget Fonda, Campbell Scott, Kyra Sedgwick, and Matt Dillon.\nThe film was distributed by Warner Bros. and released theatrically on September 18, 1992 to generally positive reviews from critics and moderate box office success, grossing over $18 million.", "Q557341": "Sayid Mohamed Abdullah Hassan (Somali: Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan; (1868 \u2013 1920) was a Somali religious and patriotic leader. He established the Dervish movement in Somalia that fought a 20-year war against the British, Italian, and Ethiopian empires.\n\n", "Q444329": "Michael John Giles (born 6 November 1940) is an Irish former association football player and manager best remembered for his time as a midfielder with Leeds United in the 1960s and 1970s. After retiring from management in 1985, Giles served as the senior analyst on RT\u00c9 Sport's coverage of association football from 1986 until 2016. The FAI voted Giles as the greatest Irish player of the last 50 years at the UEFA Jubilee Awards in 2004.\nAfter winning an FA Cup winner's medal under Matt Busby at Manchester United, Giles moved to Leeds in 1963 where he played in midfield alongside captain Billy Bremner. The duo formed a central midfield partnership which was one of the best in English club football. Their pairing helped yield several major trophies in the most successful era in Leeds' history. Giles and Bremner both scored 115 goals for the club.\nIn his later years in football, Giles pursued a managerial career which saw him installed as player-manager and manager of, among others, West Bromwich Albion, the Republic of Ireland, Vancouver Whitecaps and Shamrock Rovers. Despite having an outstanding knowledge of the game, Giles personally never liked being a manager. He became disillusioned with aspects of the job, such as suffering at the hands of non-committal boardrooms, and left management permanently in 1985. He later declared that he had no regrets about quitting managerial life.Subsequently, after repeated encouragement from childhood friend Eamon Dunphy, Giles would inadvertently enter the world of football punditry in 1986. He went on to establish himself as a senior analyst on RT\u00c9 Sport until 2016. In December 2019, he was employed as an analyst for Premier Sports' live coverage of the English Premier League matches. Also, he writes two columns per week for the Irish Evening Herald newspaper, and offers his opinions about the game on radio station, Newstalk 106.", "Q115385": "Il divo (Italian pronunciation: [il \u02c8di\u02d0vo], The Celebrity or more literally The Divine, from Latin divus, god) is a 2008 Italian biographical drama film directed by Paolo Sorrentino. It is based on the figure of former Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti. It competed at the Cannes Film Festival in 2008, where it was awarded the Jury Prize. The film also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival and was nominated for the Oscar for Best Makeup at the 82nd Academy Awards in 2010.", "Q259123": "Corinne Cl\u00e9ry (born 23 March 1950), also known as Corinne Piccolo, is a French actress. She is known for the films Moonraker (1979), The Story of O (1975), Hitch-Hike (1977) and Yor, the Hunter from the Future (1983).", "Q2042": "Charles Andr\u00e9 Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; French pronunciation: [\u0283a\u0281l d\u0259 \u0261ol] (listen); 22 November 1890 \u2013 9 November 1970) was a French army officer and statesman who led the French Resistance against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 in order to reestablish democracy in France. In 1958, he came out of retirement when appointed President of the Council of Ministers by President Ren\u00e9 Coty. He was asked to rewrite the Constitution of France and founded the Fifth Republic after approval by referendum. He was elected as President of France later that year, a position he was reelected to in 1965 and held until his resignation in 1969. He was the dominant figure of France during the early part of the Cold War era; his memory continues to influence French politics.\nBorn in Lille, he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912. He was a decorated officer of the First World War, wounded several times and later taken prisoner at Verdun. During the interwar period, he advocated mobile armoured divisions. During the German invasion of May 1940, he led an armoured division which counterattacked the invaders; he was then appointed Undersecretary for War. Refusing to accept his government's armistice with Germany, de Gaulle escaped to England and exhorted the French to resist occupation and to continue the fight in his Appeal of 18 June. He led the Free French Forces and later headed the French National Liberation Committee against the Axis. Despite frosty relations with the United States, he generally had Winston Churchill's support and emerged as the undisputed leader of the French Resistance. He became head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic in June 1944, the interim government of France following its Liberation. As early as 1944, de Gaulle introduced a dirigiste economic policy, which included substantial state-directed control over a capitalist economy which was followed by 30 years of unprecedented growth, known as the Trente Glorieuses.\nFrustrated by the return of petty partisanship in the new Fourth Republic, he resigned in early 1946 but continued to be politically active as founder of the Rassemblement du Peuple Fran\u00e7ais (RPF; \"Rally of the French People\"). He retired in the early 1950s and wrote his War Memoirs, which quickly became a staple of modern French literature. When the Algerian War was ripping apart the unstable Fourth Republic, the National Assembly brought him back to power during the May 1958 crisis. He founded the Fifth Republic with a strong presidency, and he was elected to continue in that role. He managed to keep France together while taking steps to end the war, much to the anger of the Pieds-Noirs (ethnic French born in Algeria) and the military; both previously had supported his return to power to maintain colonial rule. He granted independence to Algeria and acted progressively towards other French colonies. In the context of the Cold War, de Gaulle initiated his \"politics of grandeur\" asserting that France as a major power should not rely on other countries, such as the United States, for its national security and prosperity. To this end, he pursued a policy of \"national independence\" which led him to withdraw from NATO's military integrated command and to launch an independent nuclear development program that made France the fourth nuclear power. He restored cordial Franco-German relations to create a European counterweight between the Anglo-American and Soviet spheres of influence through the signing of the \u00c9lys\u00e9e Treaty on 22 January 1963. However, he opposed any development of a supranational Europe, favouring Europe as a continent of sovereign nations. De Gaulle openly criticised the United States intervention in Vietnam and the \"exorbitant privilege\" of the United States dollar. In his later years, his support for the slogan \"Vive le Qu\u00e9bec libre\" and his two vetoes of Britain's entry into the European Economic Community generated considerable controversy in both North America and Europe.\nAlthough reelected President of the Republic in 1965, he faced widespread protests by students and workers in May 1968, but had the Army's support and won an election with an increased majority in the National Assembly. De Gaulle resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum in which he proposed more decentralisation. He died a year later at his residence in Colombey-les-Deux-\u00c9glises, leaving his presidential memoirs unfinished. Many French political parties and figures claim a Gaullist legacy; many streets and monuments in France were dedicated to his memory after his death.", "Q697863": "Karol Kuzm\u00e1ny (Hungarian: Kuzm\u00e1ny K\u00e1roly; 16 November 1806 in Brezno \u2013 14 August 1866 in \u0160tubnianske Teplice) was a prominent Slovak Lutheran pastor, writer, and theologian in the Kingdom of Hungary, with a focus on philosophy and aesthetics. He studied at the University of Jena in Germany between 1928 and 1929. He returned to Slovakia after his education and became a chaplain in Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica in 1830, later serving as a pastor there and in Zvolen. In 1849 he became professor of practical theology at the University of Vienna and began to publish works on theology. In 1860 he was elected superintendent (an ecclesiastical position equivalent in the Lutheran church to that of bishop), serving the Bratislava superintendency.Kuzm\u00e1ny was a co-founder and vice-president of the Slovak League (Slovak: Matica slovensk\u00e1). The group, which promoted Slovak culture and learning during the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, first met in 1863. As vice-president, Kuzm\u00e1ny was responsible for directing the group's activities, a responsibility he maintained through 1870. He worked to improve the legal status of both Lutherans and Slovaks in the Empire.Kuzm\u00e1ny is buried at the National Cemetery in Martin. His likeness appears on a Slovakian postage stamp and a Europa Coin from 2006.", "Q92562": "L\u00e9on Daudet (French: [dod\u025b]; 16 November 1867 \u2013 30 June 1942) was a French journalist, writer, an active monarchist, and a member of the Acad\u00e9mie Goncourt.", "Q699696": "Vladimir Ivanovich Yakunin (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043d; born June 30, 1948 in Melenki, Vladimir Oblast) is a Russian public figure, businessman and former president of Russian Railways (June 2005 \u2013 August 2015). In 2012, he was elected chairman of the Union of Railways (UIC) a position he held until 2015. In March 2014, he was placed on the US State Department's list of Russian officials and businessmen sanctioned in the wake the annexation of Crimea. After stepping down as head of Russian Railways, he has continued to be engaged in public work as a founder and president of World Public Forum \u201cDialogue of Civilizations\u201d. In October 2015, he started work on creating an international think tank focused on the search for solutions to help de-escalate tensions across the world. DOC Research Institute was launched in July 2016 in Berlin.", "Q125520": "Ruedi Walter or Rudolf Walter, (born Hans Rudolf H\u00e4feli, 10 December 1916 \u2013 16 June 1990) was a Swiss comedian, radio personality, and stage and film actor starring usually in Swiss German language cinema and television and stage productions.", "Q1366868": "Ayumi Miyazaki (\u5bae\u5d0e \u6b69, Miyazaki Ayumi, born August 25, 1971) or Ayumi for short, is a Japanese singer and composer.\nMiyazaki has sung several songs in the Digimon series. He sang the evolution theme song for Digimon Adventure called \"Brave Heart\" and its Digimon Adventure Tri remix. He also sang the two evolution theme songs for Digimon Adventure 02, called \"Break Up\" and \"Beat Hit!\" In addition, he sang the second evolution theme for Digimon Frontier, called \"The Last Element\". Moreover, he collaborated with other Digimon song artists in Y\u016bki o Uketsugu Kodomotachi e (\u52c7\u6c17\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u7d99\u3050\u5b50\u4f9b\u9054\u3078, lit. \"To the Children Who Inherit Courage\") and \"WE ARE Xros Heart! ver. X7\". He also sang the theme song for Mushrambo, called \"Power Play\".\nHis father is Naoshi Miyazaki (\u5bae\u5d0e \u5c1a\u5fd7) and his older brother is Michi Miyazaki (\u5bae\u5d0e \u9053), who are both composers. He was a guest at Expo Anime Brasil 2006 in S\u00e3o Paulo.", "Q501661": "Schleswig (UK: , US: , German: [\u02c8\u0283le\u02d0sv\u026a\u00e7]; Danish: Slesvig; South Jutlandic: Sljasvig; Low German: Sleswig; archaic English: Sleswick) is a town in the northeastern part of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the capital of the Kreis (district) Schleswig-Flensburg. It has a population of about 27,000, the main industries being leather and food processing. It takes its name from the Schlei, an inlet of the Baltic sea at the end of which it sits, and vik or vig which means \"bay\" in Old Norse and Danish. Schleswig or Slesvig therefore means \"bay of the Schlei\".", "Q285048": "Randall Patrick Munroe (born October 17, 1984) is an American cartoonist, author, engineer, and the creator of the webcomic xkcd. He and the webcomic have developed a large fanbase, and shortly after graduating from college, he became a professional webcomic artist.", "Q29492": "Mary (Missy) Cummings (born ca 1966) is a Professor at Duke University and director of Duke's Humans and Autonomy Laboratory. She was one of the United States Navy's first female fighter pilots.", "Q71821": "Heinz Ellenberg (1 August 1913 in Harburg (Elbe) \u2013 2 May 1997 in G\u00f6ttingen) was a German biologist, botanist and ecologist. Ellenberg was an advocate of viewing ecological systems through holistic means. He developed 9\u2013point scales for rating European plant preferences for light, temperature, continentality (geographic region), nutrients, soil moisture, pH, and salinity.", "Q57158": "Hermann M\u00fcller (18 May 1876 \u2013 20 March 1931; pronunciation)) was a German Social Democratic politician who served as Foreign Minister (1919\u20131920), and twice as Chancellor of Germany (1920, 1928\u20131930) in the Weimar Republic. In his capacity as Foreign Minister, he was one of the German signatories of the Treaty of Versailles (28 June 1919).", "Q221098": "28 Days is a 2000 American comedy-drama film directed by Betty Thomas and written by Susannah Grant. Sandra Bullock stars as Gwen Cummings, a newspaper columnist obliged to enter rehabilitation for alcoholism. The film costars Viggo Mortensen, Dominic West, Elizabeth Perkins, Steve Buscemi, and Diane Ladd.", "Q1772432": "Jesse Arnaud Cook is a Canadian guitarist. He is a Juno Award winner, Acoustic Guitar Player's Choice Award silver winner in the Flamenco Category, and a three-time winner of the Canadian Smooth Jazz award for Guitarist of the Year. He has recorded on the EMI, E1 Music and Narada labels and has sold over 1.5 million records worldwide.", "Q103281": "Johanne Henriette Rosine Hendel-Sch\u00fctz, n\u00e9e Sch\u00fcler, (1772\u20131849) was a German actress, mimoplastic performer, dancer and singer.", "Q50637": "Art history is the study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts; that is genre, design, format, and style. The study includes painting, sculpture, architecture, ceramics, furniture, and other decorative objects.Art history is the history of different groups of people and their culture represented throughout their artwork. Art historians compare different time periods in art history. Such as a comparison to Medieval Art to Renaissance Art. This history of cultures is shown in their art work in different forms. Art can be shown by attire, architecture, religion, sports. Or more visual pieces of art such as paintings, drawings, sculptures.As a term, art history (its product being history of art) encompasses several methods of studying the visual arts; in common usage referring to works of art and architecture. Aspects of the discipline overlap. As the art historian Ernst Gombrich once observed, \"the field of art history [is] much like Caesar's Gaul, divided in three parts inhabited by three different, though not necessarily hostile tribes: (i) the connoisseurs, (ii) the critics, and (iii) the academic art historians\".As a discipline, art history is distinguished from art criticism, which is concerned with establishing a relative artistic value upon individual works with respect to others of comparable style, or sanctioning an entire style or movement; and art theory or \"philosophy of art\", which is concerned with the fundamental nature of art. One branch of this area of study is aesthetics, which includes investigating the enigma of the sublime and determining the essence of beauty. Technically, art history is not these things, because the art historian uses historical method to answer the questions: How did the artist come to create the work?, Who were the patrons?, Who were his or her teachers?, Who was the audience?, Who were his or her disciples?, What historical forces shaped the artist's oeuvre, and how did he or she and the creation, in turn, affect the course of artistic, political, and social events? It is, however, questionable whether many questions of this kind can be answered satisfactorily without also considering basic questions about the nature of art. The current disciplinary gap between art history and the philosophy of art (aesthetics) often hinders this inquiry.Art history is not only a biographical endeavor. Art historians often root their studies in the scrutiny of individual objects. They thus attempt to answer in historically specific ways, questions such as: What are key features of this style?, What meaning did this object convey?, How does it function visually?, Did the artist meet their goals well?, What symbols are involved?, and Does it function discursively?\nThe historical backbone of the discipline is a celebratory chronology of creations commissioned by public or religious bodies or wealthy individuals in western Europe. Such a \"canon\" remains prominent, as indicated by the selection of objects present in art history textbooks. Nonetheless, since the 20th century there has been an effort to re-define the discipline to be more inclusive of non-Western art, art made by women, and vernacular creativity.", "Q271877": "Martha Hyer (August 10, 1924 \u2013 May 31, 2014) was an American actress. She is best remembered for her role as Gwen French in Some Came Running (1958), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her autobiography, Finding My Way: A Hollywood Memoir, was published in 1990.", "Q2075324": "Kamasutra (\u30ab\u30fc\u30de\u30b9\u30fc\u30c8\u30e9, K\u0101mas\u016btora) is originally a four tank\u014dbon manga (inspired by the homonymous book) created by Go Nagai and Kunio Nagatani and published by Tokuma Shoten in 1990. It was later adapted into an OVA, Kamasutra: The Ultimate Sex Adventure (\u7a76\u6975\u306eSEX\u30a2\u30c9\u30d9\u30f3\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc \u30ab\u30fc\u30de\u30b9\u30fc\u30c8\u30e9, Ky\u016bkyoku no Sekkusu Adobench\u0101 K\u0101mas\u016btora), known in the United Kingdom as Kamasutra and in the United States as Kama Sutra and considered a hentai anime in the West.\n\n", "Q240472": "Nadine E. Vel\u00e1zquez (born 20 November 1978) is an American actress and model known for her roles as Catalina Aruca on My Name Is Earl and Sofia Ruxin on The League. She has also appeared in films such as War and Flight, and was a cast member on the TV series Major Crimes.", "Q319275": "The Birds, the Bees and the Italians is a 1966 Italian film directed by Pietro Germi. Its original Italian title is Signore & Signori, which means 'Ladies and Gentlemen'.\nThe anthology film is a sex comedy that presents three storylines, all set in the Italian town of Treviso. In the first story, a husband pretends to be impotent as a cover for having an affair. In the second, a bank clerk abandons his wife for his mistress, but the rest of the town's husbands become jealous and unite to conspire against them. In the third, men of the town all seduce a promiscuous teenager, but her father eventually reveals that she is underage, and they face prosecution for statutory rape.\nThe film shared the Grand Prix with A Man and a Woman at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival. It was later selected for screening as part of the Cannes Classics section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q138217": "Gaius Julius C. f. L. n. Iulus was a Roman statesman, who held the consulship in 482 BC. After a contentious election, he was chosen to represent the more moderate faction in Roman politics, while his colleague, Quintus Fabius Vibulanus, was elected by the aristocratic party. Both consuls led a Roman army against Veii, but withdrew when the Veientes refused to confront them. Thirty years later, in 451, Julius was chosen a member of the first decemvirate, alongside several other ex-consuls and other respected statesmen. Julius proved himself a man of good judgment and integrity, and helped to draw up the first ten tables of Roman law.", "Q157808": "The Technical University of Munich (TUM) (German: Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen) is a research university with campuses in Munich, Garching, Freising-Weihenstephan, Heilbronn and Dover, Singapore. It is a member of TU9, an incorporated society of the largest and most notable German institutes of technology. TUM's alumni include 17 Nobel laureates, 18 Leibniz Prize winners and 22 IEEE Fellow Members.In 2019, TUM secured the title \"University of Excellence\" for the third time in succession under the German Universities Excellence Initiative, winning every round since the excellence competition's inception in 2006. TUM is among the leading technical universities in Germany and Europe.", "Q171171": "Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin. It is a speciality with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist doctor who manages diseases related to skin, hair and nails and some cosmetic problems.", "Q12404": "The canton of Uri (German: Kanton Uri [\u02c8u\u02d0\u0281i] (listen)) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland and a founding member of the Swiss Confederation. It is located in Central Switzerland. The canton's territory covers the valley of the Reuss between the St. Gotthard Pass and Lake Lucerne.\nThe official language of Uri is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken dialect is the Alemannic Swiss German called Urner German.\nUri was the only canton where the children in school had to learn Italian as their first foreign language. But in the school year of 2005/2006 this was changed to English as in other Central and Northeastern Swiss cantons. The population is about 35,000 of which 3,046 (or 8.7%) are foreigners.The legendary William Tell is said to have hailed from Uri. The historical landmark R\u00fctli lies within the canton of Uri.", "Q862015": "Bill Clifton (born William August Marburg on April 5, 1931) is a distinguished American bluegrass musician and singer who is credited with having organized one of the first bluegrass festivals in the United States in 1961. His influence on folk, country, bluegrass, and old-time music has made an long-lasting impact among the music community as a whole.\n\n", "Q340300": "Achilles and the Tortoise (\u30a2\u30ad\u30ec\u30b9\u3068\u4e80, Akiresu to Kame) is a 2008 Japanese film written, directed and edited by Takeshi Kitano. The film is the third and final part of Kitano's surrealist autobiographical trilogy, starting with Takeshis' and continuing with Glory to the Filmmaker!\nThe title Achilles and the Tortoise refers to the motion paradox by Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea, Achilles and the Tortoise.", "Q65854": "Fischenthal is a village and a municipality in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. Besides the village of Fischenthal, it includes the villages of Gibswil and Steg, as well as nearly 100 smaller settlements.", "Q214023": "Eulogius Schneider (baptized as: Johann Georg; October 20, 1756 \u2013 April 1, 1794) was a Franciscan friar, professor in Bonn and Dominican in Strasbourg.", "Q832622": "Bettina Gaus (born 5 December 1956 in Munich, Bavaria) is a German journalist.", "Q7562503": "Sony Music Nashville is the country music branch of Sony Music Entertainment. Based in Nashville, Tennessee, Sony Music Nashville includes its three country recording labels Arista Nashville, Columbia Nashville, and RCA Nashville, as well as Christian music company Provident Label Group.", "Q296752": "Carlos Ruiz Zaf\u00f3n (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8ka\u027elos rwi\u03b8 \u03b8a\u02c8fon]; born 25 September 1964) is a Spanish novelist.", "Q1381995": "Nikolai Vissarionovich Nekrasov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432) (November 1 [O.S. October 20] 1879, Saint Petersburg \u2013 May 7, 1940, Moscow) was a Russian liberal politician and the last Governor-General of Finland.", "Q543452": "Father Jean Bernard (13 August 1907 \u2013 1 September 1994) was a Catholic priest from Luxembourg who was imprisoned from May 1941 to August 1942 in the Nazi concentration camp at Dachau. He was released for nine days in February 1942 and allowed to return to Luxembourg, an episode which he later wrote about in his memoirs of the camp and which was turned into a film.", "Q671458": "Pompano Beach ( POMP-\u0259-noh) is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States, along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, just to the north of Fort Lauderdale. The nearby Hillsboro Inlet forms part of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. As of the 2010 census the city's population was 99,845. Located 35 miles north of Miami, it is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people at the 2015 census.\nPompano Beach is currently in the middle of a redevelopment process to revitalize its beachfront and historic downtown. The city has also been listed as one of the top real estate markets, being featured in CNN, Money and the Wall Street Journal as one of the country's top vacation home markets. Pompano Beach Airpark, located within the city, is the home of the Goodyear Blimp Spirit of Innovation.", "Q101496": "Michaela Haas, Ph.D, is a German reporter, TV-host, and author. She is the author of Bouncing Forward: Transforming Bad Breaks into Breakthroughs (Atria/Enliven, 2015), Crazy America (RandomHouse/Goldmann, 2017), Dakini Power (Shambhala, 2013) and Ghetto-Swinger (1996). She has hosted talkshows and political as well as cultural broadcasts in Germany such as Kulturweltspiegel (ARD), Unter Vier Augen (BR), WestART (WDR), Boulevard Europa (WDR). She contributes to magazines and newspapers such as S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung, Die Zeit, GEO, The Washington Post and the Huffington Post.", "Q336282": "Frederick Allan \"Rick\" Moranis (; born April 18, 1953), is a Canadian actor, comedian, screenwriter, and musician. He appeared in the sketch comedy series Second City Television (SCTV) in the 1980s and several Hollywood films, including Strange Brew (1983), Ghostbusters (1984) and Ghostbusters II (1989), Little Shop of Horrors (1986), Spaceballs (1987), Honey, I Shrunk the Kids (1989, and its 1992 and 1997 sequels), Parenthood (1989), My Blue Heaven (1990), and The Flintstones (1994).\nIn 1997, Moranis began a long break from acting to dedicate his time to his two children as a widower. He wouldn't appear in a live-action film for decades thereafter, although he provided voice-over work for a few animated films, notably Disney's Brother Bear (2003) and also released comedy albums and made appearances at fan conventions. Following his nearly 23 year hiatus from live-action films, it was confirmed in early 2020 that Moranis has signed on to appear in a new sequel to Honey, I Shrunk the Kids.", "Q137130": "Plunkett & Macleane is a 1999 British historical action comedy film directed by Jake Scott, and starring Robert Carlyle, Jonny Lee Miller and Liv Tyler. Gary Oldman was executive producer.The story was co-written by Neal Purvis and Robert Wade. It follows the story of Captain James Macleane (Miller) and Will Plunkett (Carlyle), two men in eighteenth century Britain who are both struggling to survive. The characters are loosely based on two genuine highwaymen of the eighteenth century, James MacLaine and William Plunkett, although the story bears little relation to their actual lives.", "Q212446": "Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky (Russian: \u0418\u0301\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [\u02c8i\u0261\u0259r\u02b2 \u026a\u02c8van\u0259vit\u0283 s\u02b2\u026a\u02c8korsk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen), tr. \u00cdgor' Iv\u00e1novi\u010d Sik\u00f3rskij; May 25, 1889 \u2013 October 26, 1972) was a Russian\u2013American aviation pioneer in both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. His first success came with the S-2, the second aircraft of his design and construction. His fifth airplane, the S-5, won him national recognition as well as F.A.I. license number 64. His S-6-A received the highest award at the 1912 Moscow Aviation Exhibition, and in the fall of that year the aircraft won for its young designer, builder and pilot first prize in the military competition at Saint Petersburg.After immigrating to the United States in 1919, Sikorsky founded the Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation in 1923, and developed the first of Pan American Airways' ocean-crossing flying boats in the 1930s.\nIn 1939, Sikorsky designed and flew the Vought-Sikorsky VS-300, the first viable American helicopter, which pioneered the rotor configuration used by most helicopters today. Sikorsky modified the design into the Sikorsky R-4, which became the world's first mass-produced helicopter in 1942.\n\n", "Q485207": "The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), or Shanghai Pact, is a Eurasian political, economic, and security alliance, the creation of which was announced on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai, China by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Charter, formally establishing the organisation, was signed in June 2002 and entered into force on 19 September 2003. The original five nations, with the exclusion of Uzbekistan, were previously members of the Shanghai Five group, founded on 26 April 1996. Since then, the organisation has expanded its membership to eight countries when India and Pakistan joined SCO as full members on 9 June 2017 at a summit in Astana, Kazakhstan. The Heads of State Council (HSC) is the supreme decision-making body in the SCO, it meets once a year and adopts decisions and guidelines on all important matters of the organisation. Military exercises are also regularly conducted among members to promote cooperation and coordination against terrorism and other external threats, and to maintain regional peace and stability. The SCO is the largest regional organisation in the world in terms of geographical coverage and population, covering three-fifths of the Eurasian continent and nearly half of the human population.", "Q215329": "Alice Schwarz-Gardos (31 August 1916 in Vienna - 14 August 2007 in Tel Aviv) was an Austrian-born Israeli journalist and author. She was noted for her work as an editor for German-language newspapers in Israel, and was editor-in-chief of the daily newspaper Israel-Nachrichten. She documented political and cultural events and displayed Zionism in her stance.Schwarz-Gardos was born in Vienna in 1915, the daughter of a manager at the Vienna Union-Bank who was forced in retirement after the stock exchange crash of 1929. The family relocated to Bratislava, where she attended the German Realgymnasium and began a course studying medicine. While in Bratislava she contributed her first articles for the newspaper Der Grenzbote, and won a youth prize writing for the Neue Freie Presse in 1935. Her family fled from the National Socialists in Bratislava and moved to Palestine in 1939 upon the outbreak of World War II. She was employed by the Royal Navy in 1942 as a secretary. From 1949 she worked as an editor for the Yedioth Hayom, a German-language daily in Palestine, and as a press officer of the Jewish Agency. She married Slovak-born composer Eli Gardos in 1964, who had set up a music school in Hadera. From the 1960s she worked as a foreign correspondent for the Tagesspiegel, Die Presse and Hamburger Abendblatt and wrote 11 books in German. She was appointed chief of the Israeli daily newspaper Israel-Nachrichten in 1975.", "Q128010": "Fear Factory is an American heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1989. Throughout the band's career, they have released nine full-length albums and have evolved through a succession of styles, including nu metal, death metal, groove metal, and industrial metal. Fear Factory was enormously influential on the heavy metal scene in the mid-to-late 1990s.Fear Factory went on hold in March 2002 following some internal disputes, but resumed activity a year later without founding member Dino Cazares, adding bassist Byron Stroud, and previous bassist Christian Olde Wolbers as guitarist.In April 2009, a new lineup was announced. Cazares returned as lead and rhythm guitarist, and Gene Hoglan as drummer. Bell and Stroud reprised their respective roles, and this lineup recorded the band's seventh studio album titled Mechanize (2010). Former members Wolbers and Raymond Herrera\u2014both of whom were playing in Arkaea\u2014disputed the legitimacy of the new lineup, and a legal battle from both parties had begun. Despite this, Fear Factory has since released two more albums: The Industrialist (2012) and Genexus (2015).\nOver the years, Fear Factory has seen changes in its lineup, with lead vocalist Burton C. Bell being the only consistent member since 1989. The band has performed at three Ozzfests and the inaugural Gigantour. Their singles have charted on the US Mainstream Rock Top 40 and albums on the Billboard Top 40, 100, and 200, and they have sold more than a million albums in the U.S. alone.", "Q74795": "Arnold Otto Erich Brandenburg (31 July 1868 in Stralsund \u2013 22 January 1946 in Leipzig) was a German historian.\nHis main work Die Reichsgr\u00fcndung (\"The Founding of the Reich\", 2 vols. plus 1 vol. with documents) covers the origins of the modern German national movement and the founding of the Second Empire by Bismarck. The German historian Hans Herzfeld calls it \"critical and reliable in its judgment\" (\"solide und kritisch zuverl\u00e4ssig im Urteil\") and Herbert Helbig in Neue Deutsche Biographie \"objective, deliberate and not without a critical attitude towards the problems of Bismarck's Empire\" (\"sachlich, k\u00fchl und nicht ohne kritische Einstellung zu der inneren Problematik des Bismarckreiches\").In 1933 Brandenburg signed the Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State.", "Q288578": "Helena Vondr\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1 (born 24 June 1947, in Prague) is a Czech singer whose career has spanned five decades.", "Q7815316": "Tom Clancy's Op-Center: Mirror Image (also called Op-Center: Mirror Image) is the second novel in Tom Clancy's Op-Center created by Tom Clancy and Steve Pieczenik first published in 1995. The actual novels are written by Jeff Rovin.", "Q704979": "Viscount Yamao Y\u014dz\u014d (\u5c71\u5c3e \u5eb8\u4e09, November 5, 1837 \u2013 December 21, 1917) was a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period who became an influential member of the Meiji era government of Japan.", "Q96710": "Franz Hayler (29 August 1900 in Schwarzenfeld \u2013 11 September 1972 in Aschau im Chiemgau) was a German self-employed salesman who rose during the Third Reich to State Secretary and acting Reich Economics Minister as a member of the NSDAP and the SS.", "Q367973": "Arman (November 17, 1928 \u2013 October 22, 2005) was a French-born American artist. Born Armand Fernandez in Nice, France, Arman was a painter who moved from using objects for the ink or paint traces they leave (\"cachet\", \"allures d'objet\") to using them as the painting itself. He is best known for his \"accumulations\" and destruction/recomposition of objects.", "Q242271": "Kelly Madison (born August 26, 1967) is an American pornographic actress, director, producer, and Internet pornography entrepreneur. Madison runs a production company, 413 Productions, with her husband Ryan.\n\n", "Q401107": "Ahmed Aboutaleb (Berber languages: \u2d30\u2d43\u2d4e\u2d3b\u2d37 \u2d30\u2d31\u2d53\u2d5f\u2d30\u2d4d\u2d3b\u2d31; Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u200e; born 29 August 1961) is a Moroccan\u2013born Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and journalist. He is the Mayor of Rotterdam since 5 January 2009.", "Q349456": "David Michael Rohl (born 12 September 1950) is a British Egyptologist and former director of the Institute for the Study of Interdisciplinary Sciences (ISIS) who from the 1980's has put forward several unconventional theories revising the chronology of Ancient Egypt and Israel to form an alternative new chronology.\nRohl is also a musician and sound engineer, and a member of the band Mandalaband. He lives in the Marina Alta, Spain.", "Q467282": "Au\u00f0ur J\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir (born 30 March 1973) is one of the most accomplished authors writing in Icelandic today. Her novels have aroused interest in Iceland as well as abroad for their rare blend of incisive candor and humor. She won the Icelandic Literary Prize for The People in the Basement and the Icelandic Women's Literature Prize for Secretaries to the Spirits. Both of these novels were nominated for the Nordic Council's Literature Prize.\nAu\u00f0ur's debut novel, Bliss (Stj\u00f3rnlaus Lukka), was nominated for the Icelandic Literary Prize in 1998. Since then her output has included further novels, as well as books for children and teenagers, most notably Skr\u00fdtnastur er ma\u00f0ur sj\u00e1lfur (One self is the strangest of all, 2002), a portrait of her grandfather, the Nobel prize-winning author Halldor Laxness.\nThe People in the Basement (F\u00f3lki\u00f0 \u00ed kjallaranum) won the 2004 Icelandic Literary Prize followed by a nomination for Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 2006. It came out and was very well received in Denmark and Sweden in the same year.\nDeposit (Trygg\u00f0arpantur) was published in Reykjavik in November 2006 and was nominated to the Icelandic Literary Prize. It came out in Denmark the year after.\nWintersun (Vetrars\u00f3l), was published by btb Random House (Germany) as \"Jenseits des Meeres liegt die ganze Welt\" in 2011. It harvested great reviews in Der Spiegel and Hamburger Abendblatt among others. It was subsequently published by Querido (Netherlands) in 2012.\nIn 2009 Au\u00f0ur worked at the Reykjavik City Theater as an in-house writer for one year resulting in a play being adapted from The People in the Basement in the following year. The show was a huge success with critics and audience alike and Au\u00f0ur won the Icelandic Theatre awards (Griman) for the adaption from the book along with Olafur Egilsson.\nSecretaries to the Spirits (\u00d3sj\u00e1lfr\u00e1tt) published in 2012, was the best selling Icelandic fine literature fiction of the Christmas season. It won the Fj\u00f6ruver\u00f0laun (Women's literary award) and was nominated for the Icelandic Literary Prize as well as the Nordic Council's Literature Prize. The publishing rights were sold to btb Random House (Germany), Tiderne Skifter (Denmark) and Presse de la Cit\u00e9 (France).\nAu\u00f0ur latest novel, Grand Mal (St\u00f3ri skj\u00e1lfti), was published last autumn in Reykjav\u00edk. It became Au\u00f0ur's most successful novel to date and gathered a huge following among Icelandic readers of all ages, strengthening Au\u00f0ur's position as an important writers of her generation.\nThe People In The Basement, Deposit and Grand Mal are now all being adapted for the silver screen.\nOther work by Au\u00f0ur includes international news articles, essays and two books for children with reading disabilities published by The National Centre for Educational Materials. Au\u00f0ur now divides her time between Berlin and Reykjavik with her family.", "Q488723": "Loren Dean (born July 31, 1969) is an American actor. He has appeared on stage and in feature films.", "Q3022141": "Demis Hassabis (born 27 July 1976) is a British artificial intelligence researcher, neuroscientist, video game designer, entrepreneur, and five times winner of the Pentamind board games championship. He is the CEO and co-founder of DeepMind.\n\n", "Q548513": "Thomas Dennis \"Tom\" Newman (born 7 May 1943 in Perivale) is an English record producer and musician (rhythm guitar). In 1970 he began working with Richard Branson and helped to found The Manor Studio in Oxford for the nascent Virgin Records. There, he produced the recording of Mike Oldfield's Tubular Bells.", "Q746592": "The University of the Philippines (UP; Filipino: Pamantasan ng Pilipinas or Unibersidad ng Pilipinas) is a state university system in the Philippines, and is the country's national university. Founded by the American colonial government on June 18, 1908 for the Filipinos, it was established through the ratification of Act No. 1870 of the 1st Philippine Legislature to provide \"advanced instruction in literature, philosophy, the sciences and arts, and to give professional and technical training\" to eligible students regardless of \"age, sex, nationality, religious belief and political affiliation\". UP has institutional autonomy as the country's national university as mandated by Republic Act No. 9500 (UP Charter of 2008).The University of the Philippines has 8 constituent universities (CUs), and 4 basic education schools located in 15 campuses across the country. The first UP opened in Manila in 1909 with the Colleges of Fine Arts, and Medicine and Surgery; UP Los Ba\u00f1os was also initiated as the College of Agriculture in the same year. 6 other constituent universities have since been established; the latest since 2016 is UP Cebu, despite being formed in 1918. UP Diliman, the fourth CU which was established in 1949, is the flagship campus and seat of administration of the University of the Philippines.\nUP, as a whole, is often cited as the Philippines' top university. As of 2012, 7 Philippine Presidents, 13 Chief Justices of the Philippine Supreme Court, 36 National Scientists and 40 National Artists of the Philippines have been affiliated with UP. It has also produced 15,000 doctors, 15,000 engineers, 8,000 lawyers, 23,000 teachers, and thousands of graduates in other academic fields, which comprise some of its approximate 260,000 living alumni worldwide. UP has the most National Centers of Excellence and Development among higher education institutions in the country, and is one of the only three schools in Asia that have received institutional recognition in the Ramon Magsaysay Awards. Senate Resolution No. 276 of the Senate of the Philippines recognizes the institution as \"the nation's premier university\"; United Kingdom-based Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) ranks UP as the country's No. 1 university, among the top 100 Asian universities, and among the top 400 universities worldwide in annual university rankings.", "Q82765": "Olsztyn (UK: OL-shtin, Polish: [\u02c8\u0254l\u0282t\u0268n] (listen); German: Allenstein [\u02c8\u0294al\u0259n\u0283ta\u026an] (listen); Old Polish: Holstin; Old Prussian: Aln\u0101steini or Alnestabs; Lithuanian: Ol\u0161tynas) is a city on the \u0141yna River in northeastern Poland. Olsztyn is the capital of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, and is a city with county rights. The population of the city was estimated at 172,362 residents in 2018.Founded as Allenstein in the 14th century, Olsztyn was under the control and influence of the Teutonic Order until 1454, when it was incorporated into the Polish Crown. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region linking Warsaw with K\u00f6nigsberg. Following the First Partition of Poland in 1772 Warmia was annexed by Prussia and ceased to be the property of the clergy. In the 19th century the city changed its status completely, becoming the most prominent economic hub of the southern part of Eastern Prussia. The construction of a railway and early industrialisation greatly contributed to Olsztyn's significance. Following World War II, the city returned to Poland in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement.\nSince 1999 Olsztyn has been the capital city of the Warmia-Masuria. In the same year, the University of Warmia and Masuria was founded from the fusion of three other local universities. Today, the Castle of Warmian Bishops houses a museum and is a venue for concerts, art exhibitions, film shows and other cultural events, which make Olsztyn a popular tourist destination.The most important sights of the city include the medieval Old Town and the Olsztyn Cathedral, which dates back more than 600 years. The picturesque market square is part of the European Route of Brick Gothic and the cathedral is regarded as one of the greatest monuments of Gothic architecture in Poland.Olsztyn, for a number of years, has been ranked very highly in quality of life, income, employment and safety. It currently is one of the best places in Poland to live and work. It is also one of the happiest cities in the country.", "Q21802675": "Adventure fiction is fiction that usually presents danger, or gives the reader a sense of excitement.", "Q133356": "The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR, UkrSSR or UkSSR; Ukrainian: \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u0301\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u044f\u0301\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430, \u0423\u0420\u0421\u0420; Russian: \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0423\u0421\u0421\u0420), also known as Soviet Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from the Union's inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991. The republic was governed by the Communist Party of Ukraine as a unitary one-party socialist soviet republic.\nThe Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations, although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union. Upon the Soviet Union's dissolution and perestroika, the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself as Ukraine.Throughout its 72-year history, the republic's borders changed many times, with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland, and the addition of Carpathian Ruthenia from Hungary in 1945. From the start, the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic's capital. However, the seat of government was subsequently moved in 1934 to the city of Kiev, Ukraine's historic capital. Kiev remained the capital for the rest of the Ukrainian SSR's existence, and remained the capital of independent Ukraine after the breakup of the Soviet Union.\nGeographically, the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea, bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia, Byelorussia, and the Russian SFSR. The Ukrainian SSR's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union's western-most border point. According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants, which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union. On 1 January 2018, according to the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine the population of the country was 42,216,766 permanent residents.For most of its existence, it ranked second only to the Russian SFSR in population, economic and political power.\n\n", "Q5231579": "Prof David Boswell Reid MD FRSE FRCPE (1805 \u2013 5 April 1863) was a British physician, chemist and inventor. Through reports on public hygiene and ventilation projects in public buildings, he made a reputation in the field of sanitation. He has been called the \"grandfather of air-conditioning\".", "Q380656": "Christopher Lee Rios (November 10, 1971 \u2013 February 7, 2000), better known by his stage name Big Pun (short for Big Punisher), was an American rapper and actor. Emerging from the underground hip hop scene in The Bronx borough of New York City in the early 1990s, he came to prominence during the latter half of the decade for his work with Fat Joe and the Terror Squad. Pun's lyrics are notable for their technical efficiency, having minimal pauses to take a breath, heavy use of alliteration as well as internal and multi-syllabic rhyming schemes. He is frequently cited as one of the best MCs of all time.Big Pun was initially discovered by Fat Joe, and made his earliest appearance on Fat Joe's 1995 album Jealous One's Envy. In 1997, he signed with Loud Records as a solo artist, and released his Grammy-nominated debut studio album Capital Punishment in April 1998 to critical acclaim and commercial success, peaking at #5 on the Billboard 200 and becoming the first solo hip hop record by a Latino artist to go Platinum.\n\n", "Q103295": "Gerhard Sch\u00fcrer (14 April 1921 \u2013 22 December 2010) was a leading politician in East Germany.Between 1963 and 1989 he was a member of the powerful Central Committee of the country's ruling SED (party). He also served, between 1965 and 1989, as chairman of the State Planning Commission of East Germany's Council of Ministers.It is one mark of his importance that during the 1980s Sch\u00fcrer lived with his family at House 7 in the Wandlitz residential estate. Wandlitz was the exclusive Berlin enclave where the top party officials lived. House 7 was a large house, with space to accommodate his (at this stage) second wife and seven children. A previous occupant had been Chairman Walter Ulbricht. After reunification, and as the German Democratic Republic receded into history, there were times when he felt able to recall his experiences with greater candour and clarity than others who had known the ruling establishment from the inside.", "Q165110": "St\u00e9phane Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Hessel (20 October 1917 \u2013 26 February 2013) was a diplomat, ambassador, writer, concentration camp survivor, French Resistance member and BCRA agent. Born German, he became a naturalised French citizen in 1939. He became an observer of the editing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. In 2011 he was named by Foreign Policy magazine in its list of top global thinkers. In later years his activism focused on economic inequalities, the Israeli/Palestinian conflict and protection for the post-World War II social vision. His short book Time for Outrage! sold 4.5 million copies worldwide. Hessel and his book were linked and cited as an inspiration for the Spanish Indignados, the American Occupy Wall Street movement and other political movements.\n\n", "Q84472": "Karl Peter Heinzen (22 February 1809 \u2013 12 November 1880) was a revolutionary author who resided mainly in Germany and the United States. He was one of the German Forty-Eighters.", "Q519984": "Neil Darrow Strauss, also known by the pen names Style and Chris Powles (born March 9, 1969) is an American author, journalist and ghostwriter. He is best known for his book The Game: Penetrating the Secret Society of Pickup Artists, in which he describes his experiences in the seduction community in an effort to become a \"pick-up artist.\" He is a contributing editor at Rolling Stone and also wrote regularly for The New York Times.", "Q18601923": "Olive Kitteridge is an American television miniseries based on Elizabeth Strout's 2008 novel Olive Kitteridge. Set in Maine, the HBO miniseries features Frances McDormand as the title character, Richard Jenkins as Olive's loving husband Henry Kitteridge, Zoe Kazan as Denise Thibodeau, and Bill Murray as Jack Kennison. The show is divided into four parts, each depicting a certain point of time in the novel.The miniseries debuted in the United States on November 2, 2014, on the American premium TV network HBO, which aired the show's first two episodes back-to-back that evening; the third and fourth episodes aired back-to-back the following evening. It was shown in a similar format in the United Kingdom on Sky Atlantic, on December 14 and December 15, 2014. It premiered in Australia on showcase from 13 January 2015. At the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards, the miniseries won eight awards including Outstanding Limited Series.", "Q5196018": "Curtom Records was a record label started in 1968 by Curtis Mayfield and Impressions manager Eddie Thomas. The label's name was a combination of Mayfield's first name and Thomas' last name. Mayfield had previously made attempts at a record label with the \"Mayfield\" and \"Windy C\" labels.\nIt is noted for being one of the first-ever record labels owned by an African-American recording artist.\nCurtom was located in Chicago's former RCA studio (at 1 North Wacker Drive), originally acquired by Mayfield for cutting demos. Along with the Impressions' releases and Mayfield's own solo material, artists on or affiliated with Curtom included the Five Stairsteps, Donny Hathaway (principally as a songwriter/orchestration arranger), Linda Clifford, Baby Huey and the Babysitters, Leroy Hutson, the Natural Four, Bobby Whiteside, Holly Maxwell, the Staple Singers, and Mavis Staples' solo efforts. Most of the acts on Curtom's roster were either produced by Mayfield himself or heavily influenced by his style. Eddie Thomas later developed Curtom subsidiary Thomas Records, while Marv Stuart, Mayfield's manager for many years, became a partner in Curtom.\nThe label went through various changes of distribution - first by Buddah Records, then Warner Bros., RSO Records, and finally Boardwalk Records, before closing for good in 1980 due to a decline in popularity of soul music (although the very first Curtom 45s were independently distributed). The Curtom master tapes are now owned by the Warner Music Group and the Mayfield family. All subsequent re-issues have been under Warner's supervision.", "Q6932494": "Muhammad Hussein Yacoub (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u200e) is a Salafi Islamic scholar in the Arab world who has given hundreds of lectures in Da'wah. A number of his books are currently being published. He gained significant notoriety in the West after an alleged spout of antisemitism.", "Q181282": "Enzo Anselmo Giuseppe Maria Ferrari, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (Italian: [\u02c8\u025bntso an\u02c8s\u025blmo fer\u02c8ra\u02d0ri]; 20 February 1898 \u2013 14 August 1988) was an Italian motor racing driver and entrepreneur, the founder of the Scuderia Ferrari Grand Prix motor racing team, and subsequently of the Ferrari automobile marque. He was widely known as \"il Commendatore\" or \"il Drake\". In his final years he was often referred to as \"l'Ingegnere\" (the Engineer) or \"il Grande Vecchio (the Great Old Man)\".", "Q1136981": "Vadim Viktorovich Gerasimov (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, born in 15 June 1969) is an engineer at Google. In 1994-2003 Vadim worked and studied at the MIT Media Lab. Vadim earned a BS/MS in applied mathematics from Moscow State University in 1992 and a Ph.D. from MIT in 2003.\nAt age 16 he was one of the original co-developers of the famous video game Tetris: he ported Alexey Pajitnov's original game to the IBM PC architecture and the two later added features to the game.In 2015 there were rumors that a film was to be made surrounding the origins and founders of Tetris.", "Q61398": "Adam Alfred Rudolf Glauer (9 November 1875 \u2013 8 May 1945?), better known under his pseudo-aristocratic alias Rudolf Freiherr von Sebottendorff (or von Sebottendorf) was a German occultist, writer, intelligence agent and political activist. He was the founder of the Thule Society, a post-World War I German occultist organization where he played a key role, and that influenced many members of the Nazi Party. He was a Freemason, a Sufi of the Bektashi order - after his conversion to Islam - and a practitioner of meditation, astrology, numerology, and alchemy. He also used the alias Erwin Torre.", "Q386541": "Scanners II: The New Order is a 1991 science fiction thriller film. It is a sequel to the 1981 feature film Scanners with a different cast, starring David Hewlett, Deborah Raffin, Raoul Trujillo, and Yvan Ponton. It was written by B. J. Nelson and directed by Christian Duguay. The plot involves a crooked police commissioner (Ponton) who schemes to gain control of a major city by manipulating Scanners (persons born with telepathic and telekinetic abilities) to do his bidding. The film was released direct-to-video.", "Q78811": "Manfred Honeck (born 17 September 1958, in Nenzing) is an Austrian conductor and the Music Director of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra since the 2008/2009 season. In 2018, he was named Artist of the Year by the International Classical Music Awards. On January 28, 2018, Honeck and the PSO were awarded the 2018 Grammy Award for Best Orchestral Performance for their recording of Shostakovich\u2019s Symphony No. 5 and Barber\u2019s Adagio for Strings. The recording won a second Grammy for Best Engineered Album (Mark Donahue, engineer).", "Q2063234": "L\u00e1szl\u00f3 \"Les\" B\u00e9l\u00e1dy (born April 29, 1928 in Budapest) is a Hungarian computer scientist notable for devising the B\u00e9l\u00e1dy's Min theoretical memory caching algorithm in 1966 while working at IBM Research. He also demonstrated the existence of a B\u00e9l\u00e1dy's anomaly. During the 1980s he was the editor-in-chief of the IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.", "Q318619": "Alfred McCoy Tyner (December 11, 1938 \u2013 March 6, 2020) was an American jazz pianist known for his work with the John Coltrane Quartet and a long solo career. He was an NEA Jazz Master and a five-time Grammy winner. Not a player of electric keyboards and synthesizers, he was committed to acoustic instrumentation. Tyner, who was widely imitated, was one of the most recognizable and most influential pianists in jazz history.", "Q1239": "The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering 70,560,000 km2 (27,240,000 sq mi) or 19.8% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west, and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica, depending on the definition in use. Along its core, the Indian Ocean has some large marginal or regional seas such as the Arabian Sea, the Laccadive Sea, the Somali Sea, Bay of Bengal, and the Andaman Sea.", "Q121034": "Joseph Annegarn (13 October 1794 at Ostbevern in Westphalia \u2013 8 July 1843 at, Braunsberg, East Prussia, was a German Catholic theologian, professor of church history and popular writer.", "Q4022680": "Sir Denis Eric Rooke (2 April 1924 \u2013 2 September 2008) was a British industrialist and engineer.", "Q52752": "Cheseaux-Nor\u00e9az is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q1632016": "The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore is a 2011 animated short film directed by William Joyce and Brandon Oldenburg, and produced by Moonbot Studios in Shreveport, Louisiana. Described as an \"allegory about the curative powers of story,\" the film centers on bibliophile Lessmore and his custodianship of a magical library of flying books. It was created using computer animation, miniatures and traditional hand-drawn techniques.After winning over a dozen film festivals, the film was awarded the Best Animated Short Film at the 84th Academy Awards. An official iPad app based on the film was also released in the Apple App Store. This however requires updating as it does not work with the current iOS. A book adaptation was released in late 2012.", "Q73944": "Two Tickets to Broadway is a 1951 American Technicolor musical film directed by James V. Kern and filmed on the RKO Forty Acres backlot. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Sound Recording (John O. Aalberg). The film was choreographed by Busby Berkeley.\nThe roles of the two delicatessen owners were originally offered to Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy, who had to turn down the parts due to Laurel being ill. The comedy team of Smith and Dale got the roles instead.", "Q130139": "Glenmor was the stage name of Emile Le Scanf (1931\u20131996), a Breton protest singer who sought to preserve the Breton language and adapt local traditions of folk singing to the radical culture of the 1960s and 70s. He is also known by the Breton name Milig Ar Ska\u00f1v.", "Q1068631": "Cornelius (Cornel) Lanczos (Hungarian: L\u00e1nczos Korn\u00e9l, pronounced [\u02c8la\u02d0nt\u0361so\u0283 \u02c8korne\u02d0l], born as Korn\u00e9l L\u0151wy, until 1906: L\u00f6wy (L\u0151wy) Korn\u00e9l) was a Hungarian mathematician and physicist, who was born in Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, Fej\u00e9r County, Kingdom of Hungary on February 2, 1893, and died on June 25, 1974. According to Gy\u00f6rgy Marx he was one of The Martians.", "Q107795": "Gustav Mevissen, after 1884 known as Gustav von Mevissen, (20 May 1815 \u2013 13 August 1899), was a German businessman and politician.\nMevissen was born in D\u00fclken, Rhine Province. He started by investing in textile industry and later in railway construction and heavy industry. He founded numerous banks, including the Darmst\u00e4dter Bank, and insurance companies. He is considered a pioneer of the German credit and insurance industry.\nAs a politician he was a leading representative of Rhineland liberalism and he was a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Rhine Province, the Vereinigter Landtag, the Frankfurt Parliament. From 1866 he was a member of the Prussian House of Lords. He died in Bad Godesberg.", "Q371877": "William Jones, FRS (1675 \u2013 3 July 1749) was a Welsh mathematician, most noted for his use of the symbol \u03c0 (the Greek letter Pi) to represent the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. He was a close friend of Sir Isaac Newton and Sir Edmund Halley. In November 1711 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society, and was later its Vice-President.\n\n", "Q214989": "Maurice Abravanel (January 6, 1903 \u2013 September 22, 1993) was an American classical music conductor. He is remembered as the conductor of the Utah Symphony Orchestra for over 30 years.", "Q88248": "Werner Caskel (March 5, 1896, Danzig - January 28, 1970, K\u00f6ln [1]) was a German historian of Muslim people.\nHe taught as professor at the University of Berlin (since 1946), University of Cologne (since 1948).", "Q62849": "Miguel de Icaza (born November 23, 1972) is a Mexican-American programmer, best known for starting the GNOME, Mono, and Xamarin projects.", "Q3161050": "James Edmund Scripps (March 19, 1835 \u2013 May 28, 1906) was an American newspaper publisher and philanthropist.", "Q380118": "Hyun Bin (born Kim Tae-pyung) is a South Korean actor.\nHyun Bin first gained wide recognition for his role in the 2005 romantic comedy television drama My Name is Kim Sam-soon. Since then he has appeared in leading roles in other successful television shows including; the romantic fantasy drama Secret Garden (2010\u20132011), fantasy drama Memories of the Alhambra (2018\u20132019), and romantic comedy Crash Landing on You (2019\u20132020). Hyun Bin's popularity was further widened by starring in a series of box office hits; the action thriller Confidential Assignment (2017), the crime thrillers The Swindlers (2017) and The Negotiation (2018) as well as the horror movie Rampant (2018).\nHyun Bin drew praise from critics for his performance in a Kim Tae-yong's melodrama Late Autumn, screened at 61st Berlin International Film Festival. Throughout his career he has been nominated for many awards including five Baeksang Arts Awards and various drama awards, receiving among others the Most Popular Actor Award (Film) at the 42nd Baeksang Arts Awards for A Millionaire's First Love.\n\n", "Q230817": "Devon Edwenna Aoki (born August 10, 1982) is an American actress and fashion model. Aoki's film roles include supporting roles in 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003) and Sin City (2005) and lead roles in DOA: Dead or Alive (2006) and Mutant Chronicles (2008). She is now considered as an icon in the fashion industry by models.com.", "Q305106": "Achille Bonito Oliva (born 1939) is an Italian art critic and historian of contemporary art. Since 1968 he has taught history of contemporary art at La Sapienza, the university of Rome. He has written extensively on contemporary art and contemporary artists; he originated the term Transavanguardia to describe the new direction taken in the late 1970s by artists such as Sandro Chia, Francesco Clemente, Enzo Cucchi, Nicola De Maria and Mimmo Paladino. He has organised or curated numerous contemporary art events and exhibitions; in 1993 he was artistic director of the Biennale di Venezia.", "Q313764": "The Tin Drum (German: Die Blechtrommel) is a 1979 film adaptation of the novel of the same name by G\u00fcnter Grass. It was directed and co-written by Volker Schl\u00f6ndorff. It was mostly shot in West Germany.\nThe film won the Palme d'Or at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1980 at the 52nd Academy Awards.", "Q67919": "Heide R\u00fchle (born 5 November 1948 in Heilbronn) is a German politician and former Member of the European Parliament for Alliance '90/The Greens, part of the European Greens.", "Q16619430": "A Violent Life (Italian: Una vita scellerata, also known as Cellini: A Violent Life) is a 1990 Italian biographical drama film directed by Giacomo Battiato. It depicts real life events of goldsmith and sculptor Benvenuto Cellini.", "Q259679": "Tallulah Jessica Elina Hynes (n\u00e9e Stevenson; born 30 October 1972) is an English actress, director, and writer. Known professionally as Jessica Stevenson until 2007, she was one of the creators, writers and stars of the British sitcom Spaced and has worked as a writer and actress for over two decades.\nHynes has been nominated for a Tony, a Laurence Olivier Award, five BAFTAs (of which she has won two), and three British Comedy Awards (of which she has won two). She is a celebrity ambassador for the charity Action for Children and organised a fundraising concert for Haiti Kids Kino project with her friend and sometime collaborator Julia Davis which raised \u00a34,000 for the charity.", "Q3300416": "Maurice Bidermann, real name Maurice Zylberberg, (4 April 1932 \u2013 30 March 2020) was a French industrialist in the textile businesss, descended from Polish Jews. He was a Knight of the French National Order of Merit in 1991.", "Q23183": "Wiltshire (; abbreviated Wilts) is a county in South West England with an area of 3,485 km2 (1,346 square miles). It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. The county town was originally Wilton, after which the county is named, but Wiltshire Council is now based in the county town of Trowbridge. Within the county's boundary are two unitary authority areas, Wiltshire and Swindon, governed respectively by Wiltshire Council and Swindon Borough Council.\nWiltshire is characterised by its high downland and wide valleys. Salisbury Plain is noted for being the location of the Stonehenge and Avebury stone circles and other ancient landmarks, and as a training area for the British Army. The city of Salisbury is notable for its medieval cathedral. Important country houses open to the public include Longleat, near Warminster, and the National Trust's Stourhead, near Mere.", "Q139653": "Zachary Taylor (May 9, 1849 \u2013 February 19, 1921) was a U.S. Representative from Tennessee.", "Q296008": "Anthony Robert McMillan (born 30 March 1950), known professionally as Robbie Coltrane, is a Scottish actor and author. He is known for his roles as Rubeus Hagrid in the Harry Potter films, as Valentin Dmitrovich Zhukovsky in the James Bond films GoldenEye and The World Is Not Enough, and as Dr. Eddie \"Fitz\" Fitzgerald in the British TV series Cracker during the 1990s.", "Q1211": "South Dakota ( (listen)) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes, who compose a large portion of the population and historically dominated the territory. South Dakota is the seventeenth largest by area, but the fifth smallest by population and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States. As the southern part of the former Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889, simultaneously with North Dakota. Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls, with a population of about 187,200, is South Dakota's largest city.\nSouth Dakota is bordered by the states of North Dakota (to the north), Minnesota (to the east), Iowa (to the southeast), Nebraska (to the south), Wyoming (to the west), and Montana (to the northwest). The state is bisected by the Missouri River, dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves, known to residents as \"East River\" and \"West River\".Eastern South Dakota is home to most of the state's population, and the area's fertile soil is used to grow a variety of crops. West of the Missouri River, ranching is the predominant agricultural activity, and the economy is more dependent on tourism and defense spending. Most of the Native American reservations are in West River. The Black Hills, a group of low pine-covered mountains sacred to the Sioux, are in the southwest part of the state. Mount Rushmore, a major tourist destination, is there. South Dakota has a temperate continental climate, with four distinct seasons and precipitation ranging from moderate in the east to semi-arid in the west. The state's ecology features species typical of a North American grassland biome.\nHumans have inhabited the area for several millennia, with the Sioux becoming dominant by the early 19th century. In the late 19th century, European-American settlement intensified after a gold rush in the Black Hills and the construction of railroads from the east. Encroaching miners and settlers triggered a number of Indian wars, ending with the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890. Key events in the 20th century included the Dust Bowl and Great Depression, increased federal spending during the 1940s and 1950s for agriculture and defense, and an industrialization of agriculture that has reduced family farming.\nWhile several Democrats have represented South Dakota for multiple terms in both chambers of Congress, the state government is largely controlled by the Republican Party, whose nominees have carried South Dakota in each of the last 13 presidential elections. Historically dominated by an agricultural economy and a rural lifestyle, South Dakota has recently sought to diversify its economy in areas to attract and retain residents. South Dakota's history and rural character still strongly influence the state's culture.", "Q178169": "Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism, which traces its origins to Britain, particularly Scotland.\nPresbyterian churches derive their name from the presbyterian form of church government, which is governed by representative assemblies of elders. A great number of Reformed churches are organized this way, but the word Presbyterian, when capitalized, is often applied uniquely to churches that trace their roots to the Church of Scotland, as well as several English dissenter groups that formed during the English Civil War. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures, and the necessity of grace through faith in Christ. Presbyterian church government was ensured in Scotland by the Acts of Union in 1707, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. In fact, most Presbyterians found in England can trace a Scottish connection, and the Presbyterian denomination was also taken to North America, mostly by Scots and Scots-Irish immigrants. The Presbyterian denominations in Scotland hold to the Reformed theology of John Calvin and his immediate successors, although there is a range of theological views within contemporary Presbyterianism. Local congregations of churches which use presbyterian polity are governed by sessions made up of representatives of the congregation (elders); a conciliar approach which is found at other levels of decision-making (presbytery, synod and general assembly).\nThe roots of Presbyterianism lie in the Reformation of the 16th century, the example of John Calvin's Republic of Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches that trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scottish immigrants, Scots-Irish immigrants, and also from New England Yankee communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon Plan of Union of 1801 for frontier areas. Historically, along with Lutherans and Episcopalians, Presbyterians tend to be considerably wealthier and better educated (having more graduate and post-graduate degrees per capita) than most other religious groups in United States, and are disproportionately represented in the upper reaches of American business, law and politics.", "Q126773": "Alfred Fletcher (29 January 1875 in Lampersdorf \u2013 20 September 1959 in Herzogenaurach) was a German soldier, Major and politician.", "Q203205": "Jon Raymond Polito (December 29, 1950 \u2013 September 1, 2016) was an American character actor. In a film and television career spanning 35 years, he amassed over 220 credits. Notable television roles included Detective Steve Crosetti in the first two seasons of Homicide: Life on the Street and as Phil Bartoli on the first season of Crime Story. He also appeared in several films including The Rocketeer, The Crow and Gangster Squad, as well as his work with the Coen brothers. He appeared in five of their films, including Miller's Crossing, Barton Fink and The Big Lebowski. Polito also portrayed legendary \"hungry i\" nightclub impresario Enrico Banducci in a large supporting role in Tim Burton's 2014 film Big Eyes starring Amy Adams.", "Q160726": "Ang Lee OBS (Chinese: \u674e\u5b89; pinyin: L\u01d0 \u0100n; born 23 October 1954) is a Taiwanese filmmaker. Born in the Pingtung County of southern Taiwan, Lee was educated in Taiwan and later in the United States for further study. His filmmaking career has seen him experience international critical and popular acclaim and a range of accolades.\nLee garnered success with Pushing Hands (1991), The Wedding Banquet (1993), and Eat Drink Man Woman (1994), which explored the relationships and conflicts between tradition and modernity, Eastern and Western; the three films are informally known as the \"Father Knows Best\" trilogy. The films garnered Lee success both in his native Taiwan and internationally, precipitating his arrival in Hollywood with Sense and Sensibility (1995), for which he received critical praise and a number of accolades. He went on to direct films in a broad range of genres, including the drama The Ice Storm (1997); the Western Ride with the Devil (1999); the martial arts wuxia drama Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000); the superhero blockbuster Hulk (2003); the homoerotic Brokeback Mountain (2005); the erotic espionage period film Lust, Caution (2007); and the magic realist survival drama Life of Pi (2012). Much of Lee's work is known for its emotional charge and exploration of repressed, hidden emotions.Lee has been nominated for nine Academy Awards, of which he has won three: Best Foreign Language Film for Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon and Best Director for Brokeback Mountain and Life of Pi, becoming the first minority to win the latter. For The Wedding Banquet and Sense and Sensibility, Lee won the Golden Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival; for Brokeback Mountain and Lust Caution, he won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival. Lee is one of four directors to win the Golden Lion twice and the sole filmmaker to have been awarded the Golden Bear twice. Lee has also been awarded Directors Guild of America, Golden Globe and British Academy Film Awards, among others, and is the recipient of the Order of Brilliant Star, the second highest civilian honor bestowed by the government of Taiwan.", "Q129440": "Archibald Austin (August 11, 1772 \u2013 October 16, 1837) was a nineteenth-century politician and lawyer from Virginia.", "Q533837": "Rick John Santelli (born July 6, 1956) is an editor for the CNBC Business News network. He joined CNBC as an on-air editor on June 14, 1999, reporting primarily from the floor of the Chicago Board of Trade. He was formerly the vice president for an institutional trading and hedge fund account for futures-related products. He is also credited as being a catalyst in the early formation of the Tea Party movement via a statement he made on February 19, 2009.", "Q97340": "Jean P\u00fctz (born September 21, 1936 in Cologne) is a German Science journalist and TV host. P\u00fctz originally took an education as an electrician before completing his Abitur, after which he studied physics, mathematics, sociology, and national economy. In 1970, he became a regular host on science shows on WDR Fernsehen.\nHe is mainly known for his show Hobbythek which ran for nearly 30 years, from 1974 up to 2004, on the channels WDR and NDR Fernsehen, where he explained scientific phenomena with an emphasis upon do it yourself, environmentally-friendly homemade solutions for everyday health and household problems. Over the decades, the Hobbythek show spawned a series of 56 Hobbythek books by P\u00fctz, containing the most popular household tips from the show the written instructions of which were most frequently requested by letter from viewers. Beside the Hobbythek books, P\u00fctz also authored more than 20 other guidebooks dedicated to health, food, gardening, popular science, nature, and do-it-yourself hobbies.\nThe end of Hobbythek in 2004 came unconsensually, when P\u00fctz's show was cancelled against his own intentions by his former proteg\u00e9 Ranga Yogeshwar, now head of WDR's science department. Since 2004, P\u00fctz travels extensively throughout Germany and abroad with a stage show called P\u00fctzmunter (a pun upon his last name with the German adjective putzmunter meaning \"lively\", \"full of beans\") which is based in concept upon his old Hobbythek show. In 2007, he started his new show TechniThek on TechniTipp-TV.", "Q459422": "Joshua Colin M. Herdman (born 26 March 1987) is an English actor and mixed martial artist, best known for playing Gregory Goyle in the Harry Potter film series.", "Q678440": "P\u00e9ter Farkas (born 15 November 1955 in Budapest) is a Hungarian-German writer living in Cologne, Germany.Starting in the late seventies he was active in Hungary\u2019s democratic opposition as editor of the samizdat T\u00falpartr\u00f3l (\u2018From the Far Side\u2019, 1979). In Cologne he founded the Humane Gesellschaft f\u00fcr geistige Nekrophilie and Verlag IL, where he was an organizer of visual arts events and publisher of the arts series Edition Nekrophil (Hermann Nitsch, J\u00fcrgen Klauke, Endre Tot, Curtis Anderson etc.).\nHis main work G\u00f3lem, an essayistic hypertext novel is considered the first significant Hungarian hyperfiction. P\u00e9ter Farkas became known to a wider audience with his novel Acht Minuten, which was published in multiple languagesFarkas is a recurring publisher in the Hungarian Lettre Internationale. In 1997 he was awarded the S\u00e1ndor Br\u00f3dy Prize for Hungary\u2019s best first novel of the year. In 2010, Farkas received the S\u00e1ndor M\u00e1rai Prize awarded by the Hungarian Ministry of Education and Culture, for his innovatively poetic style of prose.", "Q401891": "Ahmet Kurtcebe Alptemo\u00e7in (born 27 January 1940 in Bursa) is a Turkish mechanical engineer, industrialist and politician belonging to the Motherland Party. He served as Minister of Finance and Customs between 1984\u20131985 and Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1990\u20131991.He graduated from the Middle East Technical University in Ankara with a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering. Ahmet Kurtcebe Alptemo\u00e7in entered politics and was elected in the parliament as the Deputy of Bursa from the Motherland Party.", "Q456711": "Lawrence Cecil Adler (February 10, 1914 \u2013 August 6, 2001) was an American harmonica player. Known for playing major works, he played compositions by Ralph Vaughan Williams, Malcolm Arnold, Darius Milhaud and Arthur Benjamin. During his later career he collaborated with Sting, Elton John, Kate Bush and Cerys Matthews.\n\n", "Q298025": "Joseph Hill Whedon (; born June 23, 1964) is an American producer, director, screenwriter, comic book writer, and composer. He is the founder of Mutant Enemy Productions and co-founder of Bellwether Pictures, and is best known as the creator of several television series, including Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997\u20132003), Angel (1999\u20132004), Firefly (2002), Dollhouse (2009\u201310), and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2013\u2013present), as well as producing, directing, and/or writing several films.\nWhedon co-wrote the Pixar animated film Toy Story (1995) (for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay), wrote and directed the Firefly film continuation Serenity (2005), co-wrote and directed the Internet miniseries Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog (2008), and co-wrote and produced the horror comedy film The Cabin in the Woods (2012). He wrote and directed the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films The Avengers (2012) and its sequel Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), and also co-wrote the script for the DC Extended Universe superhero film Justice League (2017), for which he also served as director on reshoots replacing Zack Snyder.", "Q477907": "Elena Mo\u0219uc (born 18 January 1964) is a Romanian operatic soprano.\nClosely connected to the Z\u00fcrich Opera House, Elena Mo\u0219uc has constantly performed to all the important opera houses and festivals in Europe (Barcelona, Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Vienna, Salzburg, Paris, London, Milan, Rome, Venice, Verona, Brussels, Amsterdam), United States (New York Metropolitan, Dallas), Japan and China. Mo\u0219uc also appears regularly at the Romanian National Opera houses.", "Q88260": "Christoph Matznetter (born 8 June 1959 in Vienna) is an Austrian politician. He has been a member of the Austrian Parliament since 2002. His service in parliament was interrupted by a brief tenure from 2007 to 2008 as State Secretary in the Federal Ministry of Finance. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party.", "Q492035": "AOA (Korean: \uc5d0\uc774\uc624\uc5d0\uc774; an acronym for Ace of Angels) is a South Korean girl group formed by FNC Entertainment. The group is composed of five members: Jimin, Yuna, Hyejeong, Seolhyun and Chanmi. Originally an eight-piece group, Youkyung departed from the group in October 2016, followed by Choa in June 2017 and Mina in May 2019.\nAOA began their career simultaneously promoting as a dance group and band, and officially debuted in July 2012 with the release of the single album Angel's Story. In early 2013, the band unit AOA Black released their official single titled \"MOYA\" to moderate success. They released their first EP in June 2014, and that year they also debuted in Japan under Universal Music Japan. The group found nationwide success in 2014 after a series of hit songs that established them as one of the leading girl groups of their era. \"Heart Attack\" debuted at the top of several charts after its release, became one of the most downloaded songs of 2015, and became one of the longest charting singles on Melon's top 100 chart.Following a series of consistent success, AOA debuted a second promotional unit, AOA Cream, in 2016. The group would later release their first Korean language studio album in January 2017, and months later, held their first headlining Korean concert \"Ace Of Angels\" at Olympic Hall in Seoul. Among the groups' biggest hits are \"Miniskirt\", \"Short Hair\", \"Like a Cat\", \"Heart Attack\", \"Give Me the Love\", \"Good Luck\", \"Excuse Me\" and \"Bingle Bangle\".", "Q330803": "After the Fox (Italian: Caccia alla volpe) is a 1966 British\u2013Italian heist comedy film directed by Vittorio De Sica and starring Peter Sellers, Victor Mature and Britt Ekland. The English-language screenplay is by Neil Simon and De Sica's longtime collaborator Cesare Zavattini.\nDespite its notable credits, the film was poorly received when it was released. It has gained a cult following for its numerous in-jokes skewering pompous directors (including Cecil B. DeMille, Federico Fellini, Michelangelo Antonioni and De Sica); movie stars; their starstruck audiences; and pretentious film critics. The film was remade in 2010 in Hindi as Tees Maar Khan.", "Q166431": "Ammar Abdulhamid (Arabic: \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u200e; born 30 May 1966) is a Syrian-born author, human rights activist, political dissident, co-founder and president of the Tharwa Foundation. Ammar was featured in the Arabic version of Newsweek Magazine as one of 43 people making a difference in the Arab world in May 2005.\n\n", "Q4129931": "Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre (Russian: \u0412\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u0438\u043c. \u0410. \u0410. \u0414\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0410\u041d) was established in 1955 and became a leading research institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. Its areas of research include:\n\nComputational Fluid Dynamics\nMathematical Physics\nMathematical modeling of Climatic Ecological Processes and other Nonlinear Phenomena\nSolid mechanics and Elastic-Plastic Problems\nPattern Recognition and Image Analysis\nComputer Aided Design\nOptimization Methods, Linear and Nonlinear programming\nAnalytical mechanics and Lyapunov's Stability of Motion\nRigid body dynamics and Space Dynamics\nInteractive Optimization and Decision support systems\nParallel Computing\nArtificial Intelligence\nMathematical modeling of Economic Processes\nSoftware developmentThe prestigious Journal of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics has been published by the Computing Centre since 1960.", "Q65868": "B\u00e4retswil is a municipality in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q2397443": "Filopimin Finos (Greek: \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03a6\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2; 1908 \u2013 January 26, 1977) was a Greek film producer of 186 films and the founder of Finos Film, whose first film was in 1939. He built the first sound recording device in Greece, and shot the first colour film with stereo sound. Finos died in January 1977 after suffering cancer for seven years and he left no heir.\n\n", "Q311615": "Thomas Haden Church (born Thomas Richard McMillen; June 17, 1960) is an American actor, director, and writer. After co-starring in the 1990s sitcom Wings, Church became known for his film roles, including his Academy Award-nominated performance in Sideways, his role as the Sandman in Spider-Man 3 and his role of Lyle van de Groot in George of the Jungle. He also made his directorial debut with Rolling Kansas.", "Q765363": "Lucette Matalon Lagnado (September 19, 1956 \u2013 July 10, 2019) was an Egyptian-born American journalist and memoirist. She was a reporter for The Wall Street Journal.", "Q544301": "Nigel Timothy Godrich (born 28 February 1971) is an English record producer, recording engineer and musician. He is known for his work with the English rock band Radiohead, having produced all their studio albums since OK Computer (1997) and most of singer Thom Yorke's solo work. He is a member of Atoms for Peace (with Yorke) and Ultra\u00edsta. Godrich has also worked with acts including Beck, Paul McCartney, U2, R.E.M., Pavement and Roger Waters. He is the creator of the music webseries From the Basement.", "Q3381108": "Philo McCullough (June 16, 1893 \u2013 June 5, 1981) was an American actor. He appeared in 255 films between 1914 and 1969. He was born in San Bernardino, California and died in Burbank, California.", "Q55773": "Arun Sadhu (Devanagari: \u0905\u0930\u0941\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0941) (17 June 1941 \u2013 25 September 2017) was a writer and a freelance journalist from Maharashtra, India. He has written in Marathi, Hindi, and English. He is better known for his novel \"Simhasan\" and \"Mumbai Dinank\"", "Q81244": "Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 \u2013 17 September 1994) was an Austrian-born British philosopher, academic and social commentator.One of the 20th century's most influential philosophers of science, Popper is known for his rejection of the classical inductivist views on the scientific method in favour of empirical falsification. According to Popper, a theory in the empirical sciences can never be proven, but it can be falsified, meaning that it can (and should) be scrutinised with decisive experiments. Popper was opposed to the classical justificationist account of knowledge, which he replaced with critical rationalism, namely \"the first non-justificational philosophy of criticism in the history of philosophy\".In political discourse, he is known for his vigorous defence of liberal democracy and the principles of social criticism that he believed made a flourishing open society possible. His political philosophy embraced ideas from major democratic political ideologies, including socialism/social democracy, libertarianism/classical liberalism and conservatism, and attempted to reconcile them.", "Q255725": "Maria T\u0103nase (Romanian pronunciation: [ma\u02c8ri.a t\u0259\u02c8nase]; 25 September 1913 \u2013 22 June 1963) was a Romanian singer and actress. Her music ranged from traditional Romanian music to romance, tango, chanson and operetta.\nT\u0103nase has a similar importance in Romania as \u00c9dith Piaf in France or Am\u00e1lia Rodrigues in Portugal. In her nearly three-decade-long career, she became widely regarded as Romania's national diva, being admired for her originality, voice, physical beauty and charisma. In Romania, she is still regarded as a major cultural icon of the 20th century. In 2006 she was included to the list of the 100 Greatest Romanians of all time by a nationwide poll.\nAmong her songs are Cine iube\u0219te \u0219i las\u0103 (1937), Leli\u021b\u0103 c\u00e2rcium\u0103reas\u0103 (1939), Bun \u00eei vinul ghiurghiuliu (1938), Doina din Maramure\u015f (1956), Ciuleandra (1956) and P\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd nu te iubeam.", "Q351231": "Adam Zolotin (born November 29, 1983) is an American actor, best known for appearing in Leave It to Beaver and Jack.", "Q835171": "G\u00e1bor W\u00e9ber (born 4 December 1971 in Budapest) is a Hungarian auto racing driver who competed in one race of the 2003 Porsche Supercup. Since 2008 he has been competing in the SEAT Le\u00f3n Eurocup, and he won the 2010 season with the Zeng\u0151-Dension Team. He made his debut in the World Touring Car Championship in 2012 with Zeng\u0151 Motorsport. He also is a commentator of the Formula One coverage on Hungarian TV channel Hungarian Television M1.", "Q45560": "Mar\u00eda Alexandra \"Catherine Siachoque\" Gaete (born January 21, 1972) is a Colombian actress best known for her (mostly villainess) roles in numerous telenovelas.", "Q2963304": "The University of Chicago Booth School of Business (also known as Chicago Booth, or Booth) is the graduate business school of the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois. The University of Chicago, including Booth faculty, has produced more Nobel laureates in the Economic Sciences (28) than any other school. Formerly known as The University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, Chicago Booth is the second-oldest business school in the U.S., and the first such school to offer an Executive MBA program. The school was renamed in 2008 following a $300 million endowment gift to the school by alumnus David G. Booth. The school has the third-largest endowment of any business school.The school's campus is located in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago on the main campus of the university. The school also maintains additional campuses in London and Asia (originally Singapore, but in July 2013 a move to Hong Kong was announced), as well as in downtown Chicago on the Magnificent Mile. In addition to conducting graduate business programs, the school conducts research in the fields of finance, economics, quantitative marketing research, and accounting, among others. The Full-Time MBA Program is currently tied for third with Harvard Business School and the MIT Sloan School of Management according to U.S. News & World Report.", "Q60910": "Milan Malpensa Airport (IATA: MXP, ICAO: LIMC) is the largest international airport in the Milan metropolitan area in northern Italy. It serves 15 million inhabitants in Lombardy, Piedmont and Liguria, as well as those living in the Swiss Canton of Ticino. The airport is located 49 kilometres (30 mi) northwest of central Milan, next to the Ticino river (dividing Lombardy and Piedmont). The airport has two terminals (Terminal 1 and Terminal 2) and two runways as well as a dedicated cargo terminal.\nIn 2019, Malpensa Airport handled 28,846,299 passengers and was the 20th busiest airport in Europe in terms of passengers and 2nd busiest airport in Italy in terms of passengers. Until 2008, Malpensa Airport was a major hub for flag carrier Alitalia. Malpensa Airport remains the second-busiest Italian airport for international passenger traffic (after Rome Fiumicino Airport), and the busiest for freight and cargo, handling over 500,000 tons of international freight annually.\nThe first industrial airport was opened in 1909 near the Cascina Malpensa, an old farm, by Giovanni Agusta and Gianni Caproni to test their aircraft prototypes. This airport was then opened for civil operation in 1948 during the war reconstruction period, in order to serve the northern area of Milan.", "Q707280": "Geoff Crammond is a computer game designer and programmer who specialises in motor racing games. A former defence industry systems engineer, he claims to have had little interest in motor racing before programming his first racing game (Formula 3) back in 1984, but he holds a physics degree, which may explain the realism of some of his programming. As a consequence of that project he became a big fan of Formula One motor racing. At the end of the 80s, this interest, plus the ever improving capabilities of home computers, inspired him to specialise in programming Formula One racing simulations.", "Q728263": "Birger Sj\u00f6berg (1885\u20131929) was a Swedish poet, novelist and songwriter, whose best-known works include the faux-na\u00eff song collection Fridas Bok (Frida's Book) and the novel Kvartetten Som Spr\u00e4ngdes (The Quartet That Split Up), a somewhat Dickensian relation about stock-exchange gambling in the twenties, and the frantic efforts to recover.\nOriginally a journalist, Sj\u00f6berg wrote songs in his spare time. His debuted as a serious writer with the 1922 publication of Fridas Bok (Frida's Book), which was both a critical and popular success. Following a series of concert tours, he withdrew from public life and focused on his writing.After his death in 1929, a new series of songs and a selection of poems were published.", "Q352738": "Iorgu Constantin Albulescu (4 October 1934 \u2013 8 April 2016), known professionally as Mircea Albulescu (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8mirt\u0361\u0283e\u032fa albu\u02c8lesku]), was a Romanian actor, university professor, journalist, poet, writer, and member of the Writers' Union of Romania (Uniunea Scriitorilor). He was born as Iorgu Constantin V. Albulescu, in Bucharest, on 4 October 1934. He graduated from the Secondary School of Architecture in 1952, and in 1956 he graduated from the Institute of Theatrical and Cinematographic Art in Bucharest. He received a star on the Romanian Walk of Fame in Bucharest on 29 October 2011.He died on 8 April 2016 at Floreasca Hospital due to heart failure.", "Q11133743": "KeyEast (Korean: \ud0a4\uc774\uc2a4\ud2b8; stylized as KEYEAST) is a management agency founded by actor Bae Yong-joon.", "Q3588411": "Jean Jacques \u00c9mile Cheysson (N\u00eemes, 18 May 1836 \u2013 Leysin, 7 February 1910) was a French ingenieur, designer of roads and bridges, and social reformer, who made a career as in industry and in the French administration. He has played an important role in the institutionalization of statistics in France, and has published a series of graphic statistical albums for the French Ministry of Public Works, which are considered as extraordinary examples of data visualization. At the same time, he was a disciple of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Le Play and resumed sociological work and his monographic method.\nCheysson was a graduate of the \u00c9cole Polytechnique, where he graduated in 1854. Under Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Le Play he participated in the organization of the Universal Exhibition of 1867. He was director of the Le Creusot factories in Le Creusot from 1871 to 1874, professor of political and social economics at the Ecole libre des sciences politiques and professor of industrial economics at the \u00c9cole des mines, and then inspector general of Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es.\n\n", "Q1176433": "David Russell (born 1953 in Glasgow) is a classical guitarist. He plays Matthias Dammann guitars. Widely known for his near flawless tone and diverse repertoire, Russell is one of the most distinguished and accomplished classical guitarists in the world.", "Q622982": "Vader is a Polish death metal band from Olsztyn. Formed in 1983, the group was founded by then-bassist Piotr \"Peter\" Wiwczarek and guitarist Zbigniew \"Vika\" Wr\u00f3blewski. Vader went through several lineup changes over the years, with Wiwczarek as the only constant member. Since 2011, the band has comprised Wiwczarek on guitars and vocals, guitarist Marek \"Spider\" Paj\u0105k, bassist Tomasz \"Hal\" Halicki, and British drummer James Stewart.\nStarting as a heavy metal group, Vader eventually went to thrash, speed, and then in the late 1980s became a death metal band. It would not be until nine years after forming that they managed to release their debut album The Ultimate Incantation (1992). The band's name was inspired by Darth Vader from the Star Wars film series. Lyrical themes include stories by H. P. Lovecraft, World War II, and horror. According to Billboard magazine, by 2002 Vader sold approximately 500,000 releases around the world.", "Q95231": "Brigitte Reimann (born 21 July 1933, Burg bei Magdeburg, d. 22 February 1973, East Berlin) was a German writer who is best known for her posthumously published novel Franziska Linkerhand.", "Q163549": "Black Book (Dutch: Zwartboek) is a 2006 war drama thriller film co-written and directed by Paul Verhoeven and starring Carice van Houten, Sebastian Koch, Thom Hoffman, and Halina Reijn. The film, credited as based on several true events and characters, is about a young Jewish woman in the Netherlands who becomes a spy for the resistance during World War II after tragedy befalls her in an encounter with the Nazis. The film had its world premiere on 1 September 2006 at the Venice Film Festival and its public release on 14 September 2006 in the Netherlands. It is the first film that Verhoeven made in the Netherlands since The Fourth Man, made in 1983 before he moved to the United States.\nThe press in the Netherlands was positive; with three Golden Calves, Black Book won the most awards at the Netherlands Film Festival in 2006. The international press responded positively, as well, especially to the performance of Van Houten. It was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language, and was the Dutch submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 2007, but was not nominated.\nAt the time of release, it was the most expensive Dutch film ever made, and also the Netherlands' most commercially successful, with that country's highest box-office gross of 2006. In 2008, the Dutch public voted it the best Dutch film ever.", "Q5711": "Uusimaa (Finnish: [\u02c8u\u02d0sim\u0251\u02d0]; Swedish: Nyland [\u02c8ny\u030c\u02d0land], Finland Swedish: [\u02c8ny\u02d0l\u0251nd]; both lit. \"new land\") is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Tavastia Proper (Kanta-H\u00e4me), P\u00e4ij\u00e4nne Tavastia (P\u00e4ij\u00e4t-H\u00e4me), and Kymenlaakso. Finland's capital and largest city, Helsinki, along with the surrounding Greater Helsinki area, are both contained in the region, which makes Uusimaa Finland's most populous region. The population of Uusimaa is 1,638,469.", "Q216608": "Robert Frederick Zenon Geldof, (; born 5 October 1951) is an Irish singer-songwriter, author, political activist, and occasional actor. He rose to prominence as the lead singer of the Irish rock band the Boomtown Rats in the late 1970s, who achieved popularity at the time of the punk rock movement. The band had UK number one hits with his compositions \"Rat Trap\" and \"I Don't Like Mondays\". Geldof co-wrote \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\", one of the best-selling singles of all time, and starred in Pink Floyd's 1982 film Pink Floyd \u2013 The Wall as \"Pink\".\nGeldof is widely recognised for his activism, especially anti-poverty efforts concerning Africa. In 1984, he and Midge Ure founded the charity supergroup Band Aid to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia. They went on to organise the charity super-concert Live Aid the following year and the Live 8 concerts in 2005. Geldof currently serves as an adviser to the ONE Campaign, co-founded by fellow Irish rock singer and activist Bono, and is a member of the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. A single father, Geldof has also been outspoken for the fathers' rights movement.Geldof was appointed Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) by Elizabeth II, and is a recipient of the Man of Peace title which recognises individuals who have made \"an outstanding contribution to international social justice and peace\", among numerous other awards and nominations. In 2005, he received the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music.", "Q710924": "Jeffrey Stuart Skoll, OC (born January 16, 1965) is a Canadian engineer, internet entrepreneur and film producer. He was the first employee and subsequently first president of eBay, eventually using the wealth this gave him to become a philanthropist, particularly through the Skoll Foundation, and his media company Participant Media. He founded an investment firm, Capricorn Investment Group, soon after and currently serves as its chairman. Born in Montreal, Quebec, he graduated from University of Toronto in 1987 and left Canada to attend Stanford University's business school in 1993.\nShortly after graduating from business school, he began his career at eBay where he wrote the business plan that the company followed from its emergence as a start-up to a larger company. While at the company he began the eBay Foundation which was allocated pre-IPO stock now worth $32 million. Once eBay's second largest stockholder, behind Omidyar, he subsequently cashed out a portion of his company holdings, yielding him around $2 billion. With an estimated net worth of $US 4 billion (as of December 2016), Skoll was ranked by Forbes as the 7th wealthiest Canadian and 134th in the United States.Through his film production company, Participant Media\u2013of which he is founder, owner, and chairman\u2013he has produced numerous critically acclaimed films. His first films Syriana (2005), Good Night, and Good Luck (2005), and North Country (2005), along with the documentary Murderball (2005), accounted for 11 Oscar nominations in 2006. His subsequent films have included An Inconvenient Truth (2006), Fast Food Nation (2006), The World According to Sesame Street (2006), Waiting for \"Superman\" (2010), Lincoln (2012), and his latest, Spotlight (2015) won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 2016.", "Q972548": "Tom\u00e1\u0161 Jan Ba\u0165a, (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8toma\u02d0\u0283 jan \u02c8baca], September 17, 1914 \u2013 September 1, 2008), also known as Tomas Bata Jr. and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Ba\u0165a ml. and \"Shoemaker to the World\", ran the Bata Shoe Company from the 1940s until the 1980s.", "Q1471801": "Hugo Treffner Gymnasium (Estonian: Hugo Treffneri G\u00fcmnaasium; abbreviated as HTG) is a secondary school in Tartu, Estonia with special emphasis on science education. Founded by Hugo Treffner, it was the only large secondary school in 19th century Estonia with dominantly Estonian students and no age restrictions. During the Estonian national awakening, the school greatly contributed to the numbers of Estonian intellectuals.", "Q46": "Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Although much of this border is over land, Europe is generally accorded the status of a full continent because of its great physical size and the weight of history and tradition.\nEurope covers about 10,180,000 square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi), or 2% of the Earth's surface (6.8% of land area), making it the sixth largest continent. Politically, Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states, of which Russia is the largest and most populous. European Russia, its western part, covers up to 39% of the continent and comprises 15% of its population. Europe had a total population of about 741 million (about 11% of the world population) as of 2018. The European climate is largely affected by warm Atlantic currents that temper winters and summers on much of the continent, even at latitudes along which the climate in Asia and North America is severe. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast.\nEurope, in particular ancient Greece and ancient Rome, was the birthplace of Western civilisation. The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD and the subsequent Migration Period marked the end of ancient history and the beginning of the Middle Ages. Renaissance humanism, exploration, art and science led to the modern era. Since the Age of Discovery, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers controlled at various times the Americas, almost all of Africa and Oceania and the majority of Asia.\nThe Age of Enlightenment, the subsequent French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars shaped the continent culturally, politically and economically from the end of the 17th century until the first half of the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Great Britain at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to radical economic, cultural and social change in Western Europe and eventually the wider world. Both world wars took place for the most part in Europe, contributing to a decline in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the Soviet Union and the United States took prominence. During the Cold War, Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the West and the Warsaw Pact in the East, until the revolutions of 1989 and fall of the Berlin Wall.\nIn 1949 the Council of Europe was founded with the idea of unifying Europe to achieve common goals. Further European integration by some states led to the formation of the European Union (EU), a separate political entity that lies between a confederation and a federation. The EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. The currency of most countries of the European Union, the euro, is the most commonly used among Europeans; and the EU's Schengen Area abolishes border and immigration controls between most of its member states.", "Q3983867": "Theodore P. Angelopoulos (born 1943) is a Greek shipping and steel magnate.\n\n", "Q48044": "Grigory Ivanovich Kulik (Russian: \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043a; 9 November 1890 \u2013 24 August 1950) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union.\nKulik was born into a peasant family near Poltava in Ukraine. A soldier of the army of the Russian Empire in World War I, he joined the Bolshevik Party during 1917 and the Red Army during 1918. During the Russian Civil War he became a commander of the Soviet artillery at Tsaritsyn and other battles.\nDuring 1937 Kulik became commander of the Red Army's Main Artillery Directorate, and remained commander of the Soviet artillery forces until 1941. He was both a sycophantic Stalinist and a military conservative, opposed to the reforms proposed by Mikhail Tukhachevsky during the 1930s. He survived Stalin's Great Purge of the Red Army during 1937-38, and during 1939 he became Deputy People's Commissar of Defense, also participating with the Soviet occupation of Eastern Poland during September. He commanded the Soviet's artillery attack on Finland at the start of the Winter War, which quickly foundered. He was awarded the title of \"Hero of the Soviet Union\" in recognition of \"outstanding services to the country and personal courage.\" As a friend of Stalin he was successfully able to convince him to spare more than 150,000 Polish prisoners from execution during the Katyn massacre.\nOn 8 May 1940, Kulik was named a Marshal of the Soviet Union, along with Semyon Timoshenko and Boris Shaposhnikov. He had a reputation as an incompetent officer, a \"murderous buffoon\", and a bully, but his friendship with Stalin protected him from criticism. He could not protect his wife though, Kira Simonich, who two days before Kulik's promotion had been kidnapped on Stalin's orders. She was subsequently executed by Vasili Blokhin.", "Q925404": "Vital Roux (1766\u20131846) was a French businessman. He notably is co-founder of ESCP Europe business school.", "Q389128": "Monta Bell (February 5, 1891 \u2013 February 4, 1958) was an American film director, producer and screenwriter.", "Q60904": "Henrich Focke (8 October 1890 \u2013 25 February 1979) was a German aviation pioneer from Bremen and also a co-founder of the Focke-Wulf company. He is best known as the inventor of the Fw 61, the first successful German helicopter.", "Q239827": "The Last Drop is a 2006 British-Romanian war film by Colin Teague that went Direct-to-video release. Teague teamed up with Gary Young, with whom he had previously collaborated on the British crime drama films Shooters and Spivs. Andrew Howard and Louis Dempsey, who cowrote Shooters alongside Teague and Young, both appear briefly in the film.", "Q454674": "Amar Akbar Anthony is a 1977 Indian action comedy film, directed and produced by Manmohan Desai, and written by Kader Khan. The film stars Vinod Khanna, Amitabh Bachchan and Rishi Kapoor opposite Shabana Azmi, Parveen Babi and Neetu Singh in the lead roles. The plot focuses on three brothers who are separated in childhood and adopted by three families of different faiths\u2014Hinduism, Islam and Christianity. They grow up to be a policeman, a singer, and an owner of a country liquor bar, respectively.\nThe soundtrack album was composed by Laxmikant-Pyarelal and the lyrics were written by Anand Bakshi. The film had been released on 27 May 1977, in which it earned \u20b9 155 million in India, and became the highest-grossing Indian film of that year, alongside Dharam Veer and Hum Kisise Kum Naheen.\nThe film about religious tolerance became a landmark for Bollywood masala films, building on the masala formula pioneered several years earlier with Nasir Hussain's Yaadon Ki Baarat (1973). Amar Akbar Anthony also had a lasting impact on pop culture, with its catchy songs, one-liners and the character of Anthony Gonsalves played by Amitabh Bachchan. It won several awards at 25th Filmfare Awards including Best Actor, Best Music Director and Best Editing. It was later remade in Tamil as Shankar Salim Simon (1978), in Telugu as Ram Robert Rahim (1980) and in Malayalam as John Jaffer Janardhanan (1982).", "Q501649": "Andrei Aleksandrovich Fursenko (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; born 17 July 1949 in Leningrad) is a Russian politician, scientist and businessman. He was the Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation from 2004 to 2012.He is considered to be a member of the Saint Petersburg political groups under Vladimir Putin's presidency.\n\n", "Q1366840": "Anthony Terrence Thompson (November 15, 1954 \u2013 November 12, 2003) was an American session drummer best known as the drummer of The Power Station and a member of Chic.", "Q4115004": "Pamela Geller (born 1957/1958) is an American political activist, blogger and commentator who is known for her anti-Muslim views and activism.\nIn 2006, she reproduced the controversial Danish cartoons of Muhammad published by the Jyllands-Posten newspaper on her blog. She came to further prominence in 2010 for leading the campaign against the proposed Park51 Islamic community center, which Geller called the \"Ground Zero Mega Mosque\". Since 2013, she has bought anti-Muslim ads on public transit networks in various cities. The British government barred Geller's entry into the UK in 2013, citing her anti-Muslim activism, and saying her presence would \"not be conducive to the public good\". She has been targeted in two separate assassination attacks by Islamic fundamentalists. She is the president of the American Freedom Defense Initiative (also known as Stop Islamization of America), an anti-Islam group which she co-founded with Robert Spencer.\nMultiple media outlets have classified her as \"far-right\". Geller promoted false conspiracy theories about President Barack Obama, saying that he was born in Kenya and that he is a Muslim. She has denied genocides where Muslims were victims, such as that of Albanians in Kosovo, Bosnians in Srebrenica and the Rohingya in Myanmar.", "Q78193": "Wolf Schneider (born 7 May 1925 in Erfurt) is a German journalist, author and language critic.", "Q57170": "Ludwig August Theodor Beck (29 June 1880 \u2013 20 July 1944) was a German general and Chief of the German General Staff during the early years of the Nazi regime in Germany before World War II. Ludwig Beck never became a member of the Nazi Party, though in the early 1930s he supported Adolf Hitler's forceful denunciation of the Versailles Treaty and his belief in the need for Germany to rearm. Beck had grave misgivings regarding the Nazi demand that all German officers swear an oath of fealty to the person of Hitler in 1934, though he believed that Germany needed strong government and that Hitler could successfully provide this so long as the F\u00fchrer was influenced by traditional elements within the military rather than by the SA and SS.\nIn serving as Chief of Staff of the German Army between 1935 and 1938, Beck became increasingly disillusioned, standing in opposition to the increasing totalitarianism of the Nazi regime and to Hitler's aggressive foreign policy. Due to public foreign-policy disagreements with Hitler, Beck resigned as Chief of Staff in August 1938. From this point Beck came to believe that Hitler could not be influenced for good, and that both Hitler and the Nazi party needed to be removed from government. He became a major leader within the conspiracy against Hitler, and would have served as head of state\u2014with the title of either President or regent (\"Reichsverweser\"), depending on the source\u2014had the 20 July plot succeeded. However, when the plot failed, Beck was arrested. He reportedly made an unsuccessful attempt at suicide, and was then shot dead.", "Q710930": "Li Guixian (Chinese: \u674e\u8d35\u9c9c; born August 1937) is a retired politician of the People's Republic of China, and a governor of People's Bank of China in 1988-1993.", "Q11125": "Lugo ( LOO-goh, Galician: [\u02c8lu\u0263\u028a]; Latin: Lucus Augusti) is a city in northwestern Spain in the autonomous community of Galicia. It is the capital of the province of Lugo. The municipality had a population of 98,025 in 2018, making it the fourth most populous city in Galicia.Lugo is the only city in the world to be surrounded by completely intact Roman walls, which reach a height of 10 to 15 metres (33 to 49 feet) along a 2,117-metre (6,946 ft) circuit ringed with 71 towers. The walk along the top is continuous round the circuit, and features ten gates. These 3rd century walls are protected by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The bridge over the Minho is essentially of Roman date, though many repairs over the centuries have effaced its Roman character. It is along the Camino Primitivo path of the Camino de Santiago.", "Q173996": "Team Lotus was the motorsport sister company of English sports car manufacturer Lotus Cars. The team ran cars in many motorsport categories including Formula One, Formula Two, Formula Ford, Formula Junior, IndyCar, and sports car racing. More than ten years after its last race, Team Lotus remained one of the most successful racing teams of all time, winning seven Formula One Constructors' titles, six Drivers' Championships, and the Indianapolis 500 in the United States between 1962 and 1978. Under the direction of founder and chief designer Colin Chapman, Lotus was responsible for many innovative and experimental developments in critical motorsport, in both technical and commercial arenas.\nThe Lotus name returned to Formula One in 2010 as Tony Fernandes's Lotus Racing team. In 2011, Team Lotus's iconic black-and-gold livery returned to F1 as the livery of the Lotus Renault GP team, sponsored by Lotus Cars, and in 2012 the team was re-branded completely as Lotus F1 Team.", "Q767560": "The Italian Republican Party (Italian: Partito Repubblicano Italiano, PRI) is a liberal and social-liberal political party in Italy. Founded in 1895, the PRI is the oldest political party still active in Italy.\nThe PRI has old roots and a long history that began with a left-wing position, claiming descent from the political thought of Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi. The early PRI was also known for its anti-clerical, anti-monarchist republican and later anti-fascist stances. While maintaining the latter three traits, during the second half of the 20th century the party moved slowly to the centre of the political spectrum, becoming increasingly economically liberal. As such, the PRI was a member of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR) from 1976 to 2010.\nAfter 1949 the party was a member of the pro-NATO alliance formed also by Christian Democrats, Democratic Socialists and Liberals, enabling it to participate in most governments of the 1950s. In 1963 the PRI helped bring together the Christian Democrats and the Italian Socialist Party. Although small in terms of voter support, it was an important opinion leader, as articulated by Eugenio Chiesa, Giovanni Conti, Cipriano Facchinetti, Ugo La Malfa and Bruno Visentini.", "Q270599": "Scream 2 is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson. It stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Jamie Kennedy, Laurie Metcalf, Jerry O'Connell, Jada Pinkett and Liev Schreiber. The film was released on December 12, 1997, less than a year after the first, by Dimension Films as the second installment in the Scream film series. It was followed by two sequels, Scream 3 (2000) and Scream 4 (2011). Scream 2 takes place two years after the first film and again follows the character of Sidney Prescott (Campbell), and other Woodsboro survivors, at the fictional Windsor College in Ohio, who becomes the target of a copycat killer using the guise of Ghostface. \nLike its predecessor, Scream 2 combines the violence of the slasher genre with elements of comedy and \"whodunit\" mystery while satirizing the clich\u00e9 of film sequels.\nWilliamson provided a five-page outline for a sequel to Scream when auctioning his original script, hoping to entice bidders with the potential of buying a franchise. Following a successful test screening of Scream and the film's financial and critical success, Dimension moved forward with the sequel while Scream was still in theaters, with the principal cast all returning to star, Craven to direct and Beltrami to provide music.\nThe film suffered controversy following its significant issues with plot information leaking onto the Internet, revealing the identity of the killers. Combined with the film's rushed schedule, the script was rewritten often; pages were sometimes completed on the day of filming. Despite these issues, Scream 2 earned $172.4 million at the box office, only $683,362 less than Scream, and received positive reviews from critics, with some arguing that it surpassed the original in quality.\nBeltrami received positive critical reception for his score for evolving the musical themes of the characters created in Scream although some critics claimed that the most memorable pieces from the film were created by composers Danny Elfman and Hans Zimmer. Elfman's contribution had been specially written for the film, but Zimmer's score for Broken Arrow was controversially used in the film, replacing Beltrami's own work. The soundtrack received mixed feedback from reviewers but achieved moderate sales success, reaching #50 on the Billboard 200.", "Q324862": "Douglas Barr (born May 1, 1949), also credited as Doug Barr, is an American actor, writer, and director. He has starred in movies and on television.\nBarr was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. His big role came in the ABC TV series The Fall Guy as Howie Munson from 1981 to 1986. Barr then made some guest appearances on series such as Fantasy Island, The Love Boat, Hotel and Murder, She Wrote. His other well-known role was in the short-lived CBS TV series The Wizard as Alex Jagger from 1986 to 1987, and he later starred as Bill Stillfield in the hit CBS series Designing Women from 1988 to 1991.\nHis first feature film he starred in was the horror movie Deadly Blessing (1981), and he also starred in The Unseen, another horror movie released the same year. Barr's most recent role was in the erotic film Temptation (1994), and he has since gone on to direct numerous TV movies.\nIn 1998, Barr started Hollywood and Vine Cellars, a small, high-end wine producer in Napa Valley.", "Q152780": "Life of Pi is a 2012 adventure drama film based on Yann Martel's 2001 novel of the same name. Directed by Ang Lee, the film's adapted screenplay was written by David Magee, and it stars Suraj Sharma, Irrfan Khan, Rafe Spall, Tabu, Adil Hussain, and G\u00e9rard Depardieu. The storyline revolves around an Indian man named \"Pi\" Patel, telling a novelist about his life story, and how at 16 he survives a shipwreck and is adrift in the Pacific Ocean on a lifeboat with a Bengal tiger. The film had its worldwide premiere as the opening film of the 51st New York Film Festival at both the Walter Reade Theater and Alice Tully Hall in New York City on September 28, 2012.Life of Pi emerged as a critical and commercial success, earning over US$609 million worldwide. It was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards which included the Best Picture \u2013 Drama and the Best Director and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. At the 85th Academy Awards it had eleven nominations, including Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay, and won four (the most for the show) including Best Director for Ang Lee.", "Q353432": "Rolando Ephraim McLean (born 1 October 1970), better known as Yami Bolo, is a Jamaican reggae singer.\n\n", "Q172450": "Andr\u00e9 Guelfi (6 May 1919 \u2013 28 June 2016) was a French racing driver. He was born in Mazagan, Morocco. He participated in one Formula One World Championship race, on 19 October 1958. He also participated in several non-Championship Formula One races. At the time of his death he was the oldest living Formula One driver and had been since the death of Robert La Caze on 1 July 2015.", "Q639408": "Waterloo is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is the smallest of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo (and previously in Waterloo County, Ontario), and is adjacent to the city of Kitchener.\nKitchener and Waterloo are often jointly referred to as \"Kitchener\u2013Waterloo\", \"KW\", or the \"Twin Cities\" (when the reference includes the nearby city of Cambridge, Ontario, the term \"Tri-Cities\" or \"the Tri-City\" are used). While there were several unsuccessful attempts to combine the municipalities of Kitchener and Waterloo, following the 1973 establishment of the Region of Waterloo there was less motivation to do so. At the time of the 2016 census, the population of Waterloo was 104,986.", "Q166425": "Today We Live is a 1933 American pre-Code romance drama film produced and directed by Howard Hawks and starring Joan Crawford, Gary Cooper, Robert Young and Franchot Tone.Based on the story Turnabout by William Faulkner, which appeared in the Saturday Evening Post on March 5, 1932, the film is about two officers during World War I, who compete for the same beautiful young woman. Faulkner provided dialogue for the film, making it the only film version of his work that Faulkner co-wrote.Joan Crawford's character was added to the film to include a love interest. She met her future husband Franchot Tone on the set of the film. They married two years later.", "Q927213": "Monterey Park is a city located in the western San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County, California in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, United States, approximately seven miles (11 km) from the Downtown Los Angeles civic center. The city's motto is \"Pride in the past, Faith in the future\". Monterey Park is part of a cluster of cities (Alhambra, Arcadia, Temple City, Rosemead, San Marino, and San Gabriel in the west San Gabriel Valley) with a growing Asian American population. According to the 2010 Census, the city had a total population of 60,269. Monterey Park has consistently ranked as one of the country's best places to live due to its good schools, growing economy, and central location.", "Q725753": "Federico Lombardi, S.J. (born 29 August 1942) is an Italian Catholic priest and the former director of the Holy See Press Office. He succeeded Joaqu\u00edn Navarro-Valls and was succeeded by Greg Burke. Lombardi serves as the postulator for the beatification and canonization cause of Father Bernardo Mattio.", "Q25280": "Harrisburg ( HARR-iss-burg; Pennsylvania German: Harrisbarrig) is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and the county seat of Dauphin County. With a population of 49,229, it is the 15th largest city in the Commonwealth. It lies on the east bank of the Susquehanna River, 107 miles (172 km) west of Philadelphia. Harrisburg is the anchor of the Susquehanna Valley metropolitan area, which had a 2018 estimated population of 574,659, making it the fourth most populous in Pennsylvania and 96th most populous in the United States.\nHarrisburg played a notable role in American history during the Westward Migration, the American Civil War, and the Industrial Revolution. During part of the 19th century, the building of the Pennsylvania Canal and later the Pennsylvania Railroad allowed Harrisburg to become one of the most industrialized cities in the Northeastern United States. The U.S. Navy ship USS Harrisburg, which served from 1918 to 1919 at the end of World War I, was named in honor of the city. In the mid-to-late 20th century, the city's economic fortunes fluctuated with its major industries consisting of government, heavy manufacturing, agriculture, and food services (nearby Hershey is home of the chocolate maker, located just 10 miles (16 km) east).\nThe Pennsylvania Farm Show, the largest free indoor agriculture exposition in the United States, was first held in Harrisburg in 1917 and has been held there every early-to-mid January since then. Harrisburg also hosts an annual outdoor sports show, the largest of its kind in North America, an auto show, which features a large static display of new as well as classic cars and is renowned nationwide, and Motorama, a two-day event consisting of a car show, motocross racing, remote control car racing, and more. Harrisburg is also known for the Three Mile Island accident, which occurred on March 28, 1979, near Middletown.\nIn 2010 Forbes rated Harrisburg as the second best place in the U.S. to raise a family. Despite the city's recent financial troubles, in 2010 The Daily Beast website ranked 20 metropolitan areas across the country as being recession-proof, and the Harrisburg region landed at No. 7. The financial stability of the region is in part due to the high concentration of state and federal government agencies.", "Q5862903": "Probability theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability. Although there are several different probability interpretations, probability theory treats the concept in a rigorous mathematical manner by expressing it through a set of axioms. Typically these axioms formalise probability in terms of a probability space, which assigns a measure taking values between 0 and 1, termed the probability measure, to a set of outcomes called the sample space. Any specified subset of these outcomes is called an event.\nCentral subjects in probability theory include discrete and continuous random variables, probability distributions, and stochastic processes, which provide mathematical abstractions of non-deterministic or uncertain processes or measured quantities that may either be single occurrences or evolve over time in a random fashion.\nAlthough it is not possible to perfectly predict random events, much can be said about their behavior. Two major results in probability theory describing such behaviour are the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem.\nAs a mathematical foundation for statistics, probability theory is essential to many human activities that involve quantitative analysis of data. Methods of probability theory also apply to descriptions of complex systems given only partial knowledge of their state, as in statistical mechanics. A great discovery of twentieth-century physics was the probabilistic nature of physical phenomena at atomic scales, described in quantum mechanics.", "Q55767": "Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren (n\u00e9e Ericsson; 14 November 1907 \u2013 28 January 2002) was a Swedish writer of fiction and screenplays. She is best known for several children's book series, featuring Pippi Longstocking, Emil i L\u00f6nneberga, Karlsson-on-the-Roof, and the Six Bullerby Children (Children of Noisy Village in the US), and for the children's fantasy novels Mio, My Son, Ronia the Robber's Daughter, and The Brothers Lionheart. Lindgren worked on the Children's Literature Editorial Board at the Rab\u00e9n & Sj\u00f6gren publishing house in Stockholm and wrote more than 30 books for children. In January 2017, she was calculated to be the world's 18th most translated author, and the fourth most translated children's writer after Enid Blyton, Hans Christian Andersen and the Brothers Grimm. Lindgren has so far sold roughly 165 million books worldwide. In 1994, she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for \"her unique authorship dedicated to the rights of children and respect for their individuality.\"", "Q450412": "Richard Sennett (born 1 January 1943) is the Centennial Professor of Sociology at the London School of Economics and former University Professor of the Humanities at New York University. He is currently a Senior Fellow of the Center on Capitalism and Society at Columbia University. Sennett has studied social ties in cities, and the effects of urban living on individuals in the modern world.\nHe has been a Fellow of The Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the Royal Society of Literature. He is the founding director of the New York Institute for the Humanities. \n\n", "Q170247": "Jinan, alternately romanized as Tsinan, is the capital of Shandong province in Eastern China. The area of present-day Jinan has played an important role in the history of the region from the earliest beginnings of civilization and has evolved into a major national administrative, economic, and transportation hub. The city has held sub-provincial administrative status since 1994. Jinan is often called the \"Spring City\" for its famous 72 artesian springs.\nIts population was 6.8 million at the 2010 census.", "Q931471": "Sick of It All is an American hardcore punk band, formed in 1986 in Queens, New York. The band's current lineup consists of brothers Lou and Pete Koller on lead vocals and guitars respectively, Armand Majidi on drums, and Craig Setari on bass. Sick of It All is considered to be a major part of the New York hardcore scene, and has sold half a million records worldwide.\nThough their 1989 debut album Blood, Sweat and No Tears was a moderate success, Sick of It All did not achieve commercial success until later albums. After the release of their second album Just Look Around in 1992, East West Records saw the band's potential and signed them in 1993. Sick of It All's third and major label debut album, Scratch the Surface, was released in 1994 to critical acclaim, and included the singles \"Scratch the Surface\" and \"Step Down\" (the video for the latter single would also be featured in the 1995 Beavis and Butt-head episode \"Premature Evacuation\"). Their 1997 follow-up Built to Last was also highly acclaimed. Despite the success of Built to Last, Sick of It All was dropped from East West and signed to Fat Wreck Chords in 1998, who released the band's next three albums before being dropped from the label in 2005, when they signed to Abacus Records, a subsidiary of Century Media. This label released their eighth studio album Death to Tyrants in 2006 to positive reviews (Abacus eventually went out of business, though Sick of It All would remain on Century Media, which released the band's next three albums). Sick of It All's latest album, Wake the Sleeping Dragon!, was released on November 2, 2018 and is the band's first release on Fat Wreck Chords in 15 years.", "Q2506667": "Sh\u014djo Sect (\u5c11\u5973\u30bb\u30af\u30c8, Sh\u014djo Sekuto) is a Japanese adult yuri manga series written and illustrated by Kenn Kurogane. The manga was serialized in the adult manga magazine Comic MegaStore from June 17, 2003 to June 17, 2005 and was later released as two bound volumes. A limited single bound volume anthology was released in 2015 in Japanese convenience stores to commemorate the start of the series 10 years ago, containing a new extra chapter. A three-part OVA series titled Sh\u014djo Sect: Innocent Lovers, animated by Amarcord, was announced in April 2008 with the first episode released in July and concluded with its third and final episode in November 2008.", "Q896802": "Bradley Christopher Jones (born May 20, 1963, New York City) is an American jazz bassist who performs on both bass guitar and double-bass.Jones started on drums as a child and first began playing bass guitar at age 12. At age 18 he added double bass, studying under Lisle Atkinson, and he took a bachelor's degree in music education at Jersey City State College in 1986. In the late 1980s he worked regularly with Dave Tronzo and Jim Nolet, and played in the Jazz Passengers and in groups led by Marc Ribot.In the 1990s he worked with Muhal Richard Abrams, Elvin Jones, Ornette Coleman, Carlos Garnett, Mark Taylor, Kazutoki Umezu, Misha Mengelberg, and Han Bennink.He has led the groups AKA Alias featuring Curtis Fowlkes and David Gilmore, the Brad Jones Quartet with Greg Tardy and more recently Avant Lounge with Bruce Williams, Barney McAll, Bill Ware and Nate Smith.\n\n", "Q1563": "Havana (; Spanish: La Habana [la a\u02c8\u03b2ana] (listen)) is the capital city, largest city, province, major port, and leading commercial center of Cuba. The city has a population of 2.1 million inhabitants, and it spans a total of 781.58 km2 (301.77 sq mi) \u2013 making it the largest city by area, the most populous city, and the fourth largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean region.The city of Havana was founded by the Spanish in the 16th century and due to its strategic location it served as a springboard for the Spanish conquest of the Americas, becoming a stopping point for treasure-laden Spanish galleons returning to Spain. The King Philip II of Spain granted Havana the title of City in 1592. Walls as well as forts were built to protect the old city. The sinking of the U.S. battleship Maine in Havana's harbor in 1898 was the immediate cause of the Spanish\u2013American War.The city is the center of the Cuban government, and home to various ministries, headquarters of businesses and over 90 diplomatic offices. The current governor is Reinaldo Garc\u00eda Zapata of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC). In 2009, the city/province had the third highest income in the country.Contemporary Havana can essentially be described as three cities in one: Old Havana, Vedado and the newer suburban districts. The city extends mostly westward and southward from the bay, which is entered through a narrow inlet and which divides into three main harbors: Mari melena, Guanabacoa and Antares. The sluggish Almendares River traverses the city from south to north, entering the Straits of Florida a few miles west of the bay.The city attracts over a million tourists annually; the Official Census for Havana reports that in 2010 the city was visited by 1,176,627 international tourists, a 20% increase from 2005. Old Havana was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982. The city is also noted for its history, culture, architecture and monuments. As typical of Cuba, Havana experiences a tropical climate.", "Q139121": "Steven Ellison (born October 7, 1983), known by his stage name Flying Lotus or sometimes FlyLo, is an American record producer, musician, DJ, filmmaker, and rapper from Los Angeles, California. He is also the founder of the record label Brainfeeder.\nFlying Lotus has released six studio albums\u200d\u2014\u200c1983 (2006), Los Angeles (2008), Cosmogramma (2010), Until the Quiet Comes (2012), You're Dead! (2014), and Flamagra (2019)\u200d\u2014\u200cto critical acclaim. He has produced much of the bumper music on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim programming block. He also contributed remixes for fellow Plug Research artists including Mia Doi Todd.\nIn 2012, Ellison began rapping under the persona Captain Murphy, based on the Sealab 2021 character of the same name. Ellison kept this fact a secret for several months, finally revealing his identity several weeks after the release of his first rap mixtape, Duality.", "Q317516": "James Thomas Denton Jr. (born January 20, 1963) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Mike Delfino on ABC's comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives (2004\u20132012) and Dr. Sam Radford on Hallmark Channel's comedy-drama series Good Witch (2015\u2013present).", "Q23197": "Nashville is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Tennessee. The city is the county seat of Davidson County and is located on the Cumberland River. It is the 24th most-populous city in the United States.\nNamed for Francis Nash, a general of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, the city was founded in 1779. The city grew quickly due to its strategic location as a port on the Cumberland River and, in the 19th century, a railroad center. Nashville seceded with Tennessee during the American Civil War; in 1862 it was the first state capital in the Confederacy to fall to Union troops. After the war, the city reclaimed its position and developed a manufacturing base.\nSince 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government, which includes six smaller municipalities in a two-tier system. The city is governed by a mayor, a vice-mayor, and a 40-member metropolitan council; 35 of the members are elected from single-member districts, while the other five are elected at-large. Reflecting the city's position in state government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for Middle Tennessee, one of the three divisions.\nA major center for the music industry, especially country music, Nashville is commonly known as \"Music City.\" It is also home to numerous colleges and universities, including Tennessee State University, Vanderbilt University, Belmont University, Fisk University, Trevecca Nazarene University, and Lipscomb University, and is sometimes referred to as \"Athens of the South\" due to the large number of educational institutions. Nashville is also a major center for the healthcare, publishing, private prison, banking, automotive, and transportation industries. Entities with headquarters in the city include Asurion, Bridgestone Americas, Captain D's, CoreCivic, Dollar General, Hospital Corporation of America, LifeWay Christian Resources, Logan's Roadhouse, and Ryman Hospitality Properties.", "Q1205": "Thuringia (English: ; German: Th\u00fcringen [\u02c8ty\u02d0\u0281\u026a\u014b\u0259n] (listen)), officially the Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Th\u00fcringen [\u02c8f\u0281a\u026a\u0283ta\u02d0t \u02c8ty\u02d0\u0281\u026a\u014b\u0259n]), is a state of Germany.\nThuringia is located in central Germany covering an area of 16,171 square kilometres (6,244 sq mi) and a population of 2.15 million inhabitants, making it the sixth smallest German state by area and the fifth smallest by population. Erfurt is the state capital and largest city, while other major cities include Jena, Gera, and Weimar. Thuringia is surrounded by the states of Bavaria, Hesse, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony. \nMost of Thuringia is within the watershed of the Saale, a left tributary of the Elbe, and has been known as \"the green heart of Germany\" (das gr\u00fcne Herz Deutschlands) from the late 19th century due to the dense forest covering the land. Thuringia is home to the Rennsteig, Germany's best-known hiking trail, and the winter resort of Oberhof, making it a well-known winter sports destination with half of Germany's 136 Winter Olympic gold medals won through 2014 having been won by Thuringian athletes. Thuringia is also home to prominent German intellectuals and creative artists, including Johann Sebastian Bach, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and Friedrich Schiller, and is the location of the University of Jena, the Ilmenau University of Technology, the University of Erfurt, and the Bauhaus University of Weimar.\nThuringia was established in 1920 as a state of the Weimar Republic from a merger of the Ernestine duchies, except for Saxe-Coburg, but can trace its origins to the Frankish Duchy of Thuringia established around 631 AD by King Dagobert I. After World War II, Thuringia came under the Soviet occupation zone in Allied-occupied Germany, and its borders altered to become contiguous. Thuringia became part of the German Democratic Republic in 1949, but was dissolved in 1952 during administrative reforms, and its territory divided into the districts of Erfurt, Suhl and Gera. Thuringia was re-established in 1990 following German reunification, with slightly different borders, and became one of the Federal Republic of Germany's new states.", "Q107971": "Horst Naumann (born 17 November 1925 in Dresden, Germany) is a German actor.", "Q1343356": "Ennio Antonelli (23 February 1927 - 6 August 2004) was an Italian actor and former boxer. He appeared in more than one hundred films from 1961 to 1991.", "Q160732": "Armada Music is a Dutch independent record label that specialises in releasing electronic music. The name Armada derives from the first two letters of the founders' first names: Armin van Buuren, Maykel Piron and David Lewis.As of December 2015, the label had won the \"Best Global Record Label\" award for five years in a row at the International Dance Music Awards (IDMA's). Armada received two nominations at the 2014 IDMAs. The Academy of Electronic Music, a joint venture between Armada, Google, Point Blank, and DJ Mag, was the recipient of the 'People's Voice Award' at the 2014 Webby Awards. In 2016, Armada Music was one of the 21 labels nominated for the IMPALA FIVEUNDERFIFTEEN campaign shining a light on Europe's most inspiring young labels. The label received the IMPALA Young Label Spotlight Award.", "Q129454": "Peter Arvid Nils Egardt (born 1949) is a Swedish executive who served as Secretary of State for the Prime Minister from 1991 to 1994, and County Governor (landsh\u00f6vding) of Uppsala County from 2010 to September, 2016. Before being appointed County Governor, he was CEO of the Stockholm Chamber of commerce (Handelskammaren i Stockholm).\nEgardt succeeded Anders Bj\u00f6rck as County Governor in 2010. Originally appointed to serve until 31 August 2014, on 27 February 2014 his appointment was extended to 31 August 2016, when he was succeeded by G\u00f6ran Enander.", "Q4908159": "William \"Bill\" Black, C.M. (born 1950) is a Canadian business leader.", "Q98067": "Alexander Merensky (8 June 1837 in Panten near Liegnitz \u2013 22 May 1918 in Berlin) was a German missionary, working in South Africa (Transvaal) since 1859.", "Q150829": "Benigno Asunci\u00f3n Ferreira (January 13, 1846 \u2013 June 14, 1920) was President of Paraguay November 25, 1906 \u2013 July 4, 1908. He was a member of the Liberal Party.\nThe general and doctor Benigno Ferrerira was one of the main protagonists in the postwar period of' \u201870 and one of the most respected political leaders of his era.\nBorn in Tapu\u00e1 Grande (nowadays Limpio), January 13, 1846. Son of Mar\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n Ferreira and Angel Joaqu\u00edn Mora Coene. His sisters were: Susana (married to Silvestre Aveiro) and Mercedes\n(married to Federico Guillermo Baez, former president of the Constitutional Convention of 1870).", "Q2037659": "Georges Beuchat (1910\u20131992) was a French inventor, underwater diver, businessman and emblematic pioneer of underwater activities and founder of Beuchat. Throughout his lifetime, Beuchat never ceased developing products which have significantly enhanced underwater activity as we know it today. Many of his inventions and innovations have gone down in history, including the surface buoy in 1948, the first underwater camera housing in 1950, and the first vented fins (the Jetfins in 1964).", "Q3294263": "Mark Tonderai (born 1974) is a British entrepreneur, director, writer, actor and former disc jockey. He is co-founder of the London-based production company Shona Productions with his wife Zoe Stewart. He directed the crime drama television series The Five which first aired on April 2016 on the Sky 1 channel.", "Q138559": "William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck (14 September 1774 \u2013 17 June 1839), known as Lord William Bentinck, was a British soldier and statesman. He served as Governor-General of India from 1828 to 1835. He has been credited for significant social and educational reforms in India including abolishing sati, suppressing female infanticide and human sacrifice and ending lawlessness by eliminating thuggee \u2013 which had existed for over 450 years \u2013 with the aid of his chief captain, William Henry Sleeman. Along with Thomas Babington Macaulay he introduced English as the language of instruction in India.\n\n", "Q621521": "Alex Lee (born 16 March 1970 in Bristol) is an English musician. He has played guitar and keyboards for Goldfrapp, Massive Attack, Suede, Placebo, Strangelove and The Blue Aeroplanes amongst others. He has also worked as musical director with Florence And The Machine, Marina & The Diamonds and for the Royal Shakespeare Company as well as composing regularly for film & TV.", "Q206369": "Raffa\u00ebla Anderson (born Malika Amrane on 8 January 1976 in Montfermeil, France) is a French former adult film performer. During her porn career, she was often credited as Rapha\u00eblla (also spelled Rapha\u00ebla).", "Q93132": "Gerald Marvin Weinberg (October 27, 1933 \u2013 August 7, 2018) was an American computer scientist, author and teacher of the psychology and anthropology of computer software development. His most well-known books are The Psychology of Computer Programming and Introduction to General Systems Thinking.", "Q715": "Heilbronn (German pronunciation: [ha\u026al\u02c8b\u0281\u0254n] (listen)) is a city in northern Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is surrounded by Heilbronn District and, with approximately 123,000 residents, it is the sixth-largest city in the state.\nThe city on the Neckar is a former Imperial Free City and is the seat of Heilbronn District. Heilbronn is also the economic center of the Heilbronn-Franken region that includes most of northeast Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. Furthermore, Heilbronn is known for its wine industry and is nicknamed K\u00e4thchenstadt, after Heinrich von Kleist's Das K\u00e4thchen von Heilbronn.\n\n", "Q7894634": "University College School, generally known as UCS Hampstead, is an independent day school in Frognal, northwest London, England. The school was founded in 1830 by University College London and inherited many of that institution's progressive and secular views.\nThe UCS Hampstead Foundation is composed of four main entities:\n\n\"The UCS Pre-Prep\" (previously known as \"The Phoenix\"), currently co-educational (though from September 2017 new entry has been for boys only) for ages 4 to 7 on the Finchley Road site. This was acquired by UCS in 2003.\n\"The Junior Branch\", for boys aged 7 to 11 on the Holly Hill site in the heart of Hampstead.\n\"The Senior School\", for boys aged 11 to 16 and co-educational for ages 16 to 18 on the Frognal site, which is the largest school site. The main campus and the Great Hall are noted examples of Edwardian architecture. Inside the hall is a Walker pipe organ, used for school concerts, professional recordings and other festivities.\n\"The Playing Fields\" are situated in Ranulf Road in West Hampstead.UCS is a member of the Eton Group of twelve independent schools, the Haileybury Group of 26 independent schools, and the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. It is well known for its established Bursary Programme and Music Scholarships, as well as its outreach work with a number of other schools in North and West London, including Westminster Academy, the London Academy of Excellence and UCL Academy. It also has strong ties with the Equatorial College School in Uganda, and charitable work in Romania and India.\n\n", "Q83321": "Giacomo Girolamo Casanova (, Italian: [\u02c8d\u0292a\u02d0komo d\u0292i\u02c8r\u0254\u02d0lamo kaza\u02c8n\u0254\u02d0va, - kasa-]; 2 April 1725 \u2013 4 June 1798) was an Italian adventurer and author from the Republic of Venice. His autobiography, Histoire de ma vie (Story of My Life), is regarded as one of the most authentic sources of the customs and norms of European social life during the 18th century.As was not uncommon at the time, Casanova, depending on circumstances, used more or less fictitious names, such as baron or count of Farussi (the name of his mother) or Chevalier de Seingalt (French pronunciation: \u200b[s\u025b\u0303\u0261\u0251l]). He often signed his works Jacques Casanova de Seingalt after he began writing in French following his second exile from Venice.He has become so famous for his often complicated and elaborate affairs with women that his name is now synonymous with \"womanizer\". He associated with European royalty, popes, and cardinals, along with luminaries such as Voltaire, Goethe, and Mozart. He spent his last years in the Dux Chateau (Bohemia) as a librarian in Count Waldstein's household, where he also wrote the story of his life.", "Q546264": "Beat music, British beat, or Merseybeat (after bands from Liverpool and nearby areas beside the River Mersey) was a popular music genre of rock and roll that developed in the United Kingdom in the early 1960s.", "Q95543": "Karl Eduard Zachariae von Lingenthal (December 24, 1812 \u2013 June 3, 1894) was an eminent German jurist and the son of Karl Salomo Zachariae von Lingenthal.", "Q41074": "Ram Narayan (IPA: [\u02c8ra\u02d0m na\u02d0\u02c8ra\u02d0jn]; born 25 December 1927), often referred to with the title Pandit, is an Indian musician who popularised the bowed instrument sarangi as a solo concert instrument in Hindustani classical music and became the first internationally successful sarangi player.\nNarayan was born near Udaipur and learned to play the sarangi at an early age. He studied under sarangi players and singers and, as a teenager, worked as a music teacher and travelling musician. All India Radio, Lahore, hired Narayan as an accompanist for vocalists in 1944. He moved to Delhi following the partition of India in 1947, but wishing to go beyond accompaniment and frustrated with his supporting role, Narayan moved to Mumbai in 1949 to work in Indian cinema.\nNarayan became a concert solo artist in 1956 and has since performed at the major music festivals of India. After sitar player Ravi Shankar successfully performed in Western countries, Narayan followed his example. He recorded solo albums and made his first international tour in 1964 to America and Europe with his older brother Chatur Lal, a tabla player who had toured with Shankar in the 1950s. Narayan taught Indian and foreign students and performed, frequently outside India, into the 2000s. He was awarded India's second highest civilian honour, the Padma Vibhushan, in 2005.", "Q122501": "Walter Bosshard (November 8, 1892 in Samstagern, Switzerland \u2013 November 18, 1975 in Ronda, Spain) was a Swiss photographer and reporter.\nBosshard's early work involved photography of Southeast Asia and China in the 1920s. He was one of three foreign photographers invited to the 1929 crowning of Mohammad Nadir Shah of Afghanistan. In 1930, Bosshard published a work of photographs detailing Mahatma Gandhi's private life, including photographs of the salt march. In 1932, Bosshard published another work entitled Hazards of Asia's Highlands and Deserts. In this he describes an expedition he undertook with two other German scientists into the south western section of the Taklamakhan desert of Xinjiang, China, in the vicinity of Khotan. They were searching the area where Sir Aurel Stein had discovered traces of and artifacts from early Buddhist sites. His book betrays the European attitude fairly common in that period, namely an insensitivity to local politics and culture.\nThe expedition had entered China from Ladakh and Leh. Bureaucratic difficulties eventually dogged it to the extent that Bosshard felt he could no longer work there. The local bureaucracy feared that he and his companions were secretly looking for gold. He does not mention the fate of his companions from whom he got separated. He was forced to leave Xinjiang via Kashgar and crossed into Soviet Kirhizstan, though he managed to take some Buddhist artifacts out. The book gives a reasonable account of the growing Russian influence in the area preceding the Tungan revolt. He covered photography of the Second Sino-Japanese war for Life magazine.", "Q1542213": "The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute (originally the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute) is an acting school located at 115 East 15th Street between Union Square East and Irving Place in the Union Square neighborhood of New York, New York. The school was founded by Lee Strasberg, himself a noted actor and director, in 1969 to teach and promote the techniques of method acting.The Institute has a partnership with the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University, where students can study to earn a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. The school also has a location in Los Angeles, California. The Institute is currently under the artistic direction of Anna Strasberg, Lee Strasberg's widow.", "Q208344": "Armageddon is a 1998 American science fiction disaster film produced and directed by Michael Bay, produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, and released by Touchstone Pictures. The film follows a group of blue-collar deep-core drillers sent by NASA to stop a gigantic asteroid on a collision course with Earth. It stars Bruce Willis and an ensemble cast comprising Ben Affleck, Billy Bob Thornton, Liv Tyler, Owen Wilson, Will Patton, Peter Stormare, William Fichtner, Michael Clarke Duncan, Keith David, and Steve Buscemi.\nThough the film was released to mostly negative reviews, it was an international box-office success, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1998 worldwide, although astronomers noted that the similar disaster film Deep Impact was more scientifically accurate.", "Q51267": "Kofi Abrefa Busia (11 July 1913 \u2013 28 August 1978) was a Ghanaian political leader and academic who was Prime Minister of Ghana from 1969 to 1972. As a nationalist leader and Prime Minister, he helped to restore civilian government to the country following military rule.", "Q282069": "A Perfect Murder is a 1998 American crime thriller film directed by Andrew Davis and starring Michael Douglas, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Viggo Mortensen. It is a modern remake of Alfred Hitchcock's 1954 film Dial M for Murder, though the characters' names are all changed, and over half the plot is completely rewritten and altered. Loosely based on the play by Frederick Knott, the screenplay was written by Patrick Smith Kelly.", "Q125285": "Rudolf Otto von B\u00fcren (born 19 September 1822 in Bern - died 25 December 1888 in Bern) was a Swiss politician who served as the fourth mayor of Bern.", "Q220423": "Chocolat (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0283\u0254k\u0254la]) is a 2000 romantic-drama film, directed by Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m. Its screenplay, by screenwriter Robert Nelson Jacobs, is based on the 1999 novel of the same name by English author Joanne Harris. Set in 1959 in France, Chocolat tells the story of Vianne Rocher, played by Juliette Binoche, who along with her six-year-old daughter Anouk (Victoire Thivisol) arrives in the fictional village of Lansquenet-sous-Tannes to open a small chocolaterie \u2013 at the beginning of Lent. Soon, she and her chocolate influence the lives of the townspeople of this repressed village in many different and interesting ways.\nThe film began a limited release in the United States on December 22, 2000, and went on general release on January 19, 2001. Critics gave the drama positive reviews, praising its acting performances, its screenplay and Rachel Portman's score. The film garnered a number of accolades, including many for its screenplay, direction, acting, and music. It received five nominations at the 73rd Academy Awards, including Best Picture. Binoche won the European Film Award for Best Actress for her performance, while Dench was awarded a Screen Actors Guild Award in 2001.\n\n", "Q926": "Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (UK: , US: ; 16 July 1872 \u2013 c.\u200918 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions and a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. He led the first expedition to traverse the Northwest Passage by sea, from 1903 to 1906, and the first expedition to the South Pole in 1911. He led the first expedition proven to have reached the North Pole in a dirigible in 1926. He disappeared while taking part in a rescue mission for the airship Italia in 1928.\n\n", "Q604762": "Michael Bowen Jr. is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Nicolas Cage's romantic rival, Tommy in the cult classic Valley Girl (1983), Danny Pickett on the ABC series Lost and Jack Welker on the AMC series Breaking Bad.", "Q557382": "Elias Tillandz (1640\u20131693), born Tillander, was a Swedish born doctor and botanist in Finland. He was the professor of medicine at the Academy of Turku. He wrote the country's first botanical work, the Catalogus Plantarum, which was first published in 1673. As a doctor he also prepared medicines for his patients by using his extensive knowledge of plants.\nAccording to legend Tillandz (\"Till lands\" means \"by land\" in Swedish) changed his name from Tillander to Tillandz when, as a student, he travelled by boat from Turku to Stockholm. On the way he became so seasick that he returned by walking around the Gulf of Bothnia, a distance of some 1000 kilometers.\nA genus of epiphytic plants, Tillandsia, was named after Tillandz by Carl Linnaeus.\nThis botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation Tillandz when citing a botanical name.", "Q20475": "Yojimbo (\u7528\u5fc3\u68d2, Y\u014djinb\u014d) is a 1961 Japanese samurai film directed by Akira Kurosawa. It tells the story of a r\u014dnin, portrayed by Toshiro Mifune, who arrives in a small town where competing crime lords vie for supremacy. The two bosses each try to hire the newcomer as a bodyguard.\nBased on the success of Yojimbo, Kurosawa's next film, Sanjuro (1962), was altered to incorporate the lead character of this film. In both films, the character wears a rather dilapidated dark kimono bearing the same family mon.", "Q135096": "I, Claudius is a 1976 BBC Television adaptation of Robert Graves's I, Claudius and Claudius the God. Written by Jack Pulman, it starred Derek Jacobi as Claudius, with Si\u00e2n Phillips, Brian Blessed, George Baker, Margaret Tyzack, John Hurt, Patricia Quinn, Ian Ogilvy, Kevin McNally, Patrick Stewart, and John Rhys-Davies. The series covers the history of the early Roman Empire, told from the perspective of the elderly Emperor Claudius who narrates the series.\nAmong many other productions and adaptations, Graves's Claudius novels have also been adapted for BBC Radio 4 broadcast (2010) and for the theatre (1972).\n\n", "Q145571": "Charles Francis McLaughlin (June 19, 1887 \u2013 February 5, 1976) was a United States Representative from Nebraska and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.", "Q4895091": "Bert Greeves MBE (born Oscar Bertram Greeves, 5 June 1906 \u2013 15 July 1993) was a British engineer who founded Invacar Ltd in 1942 and Greeves motor cycles in 1953. Twice married with one daughter, he was appointed MBE in 1972.\n\n", "Q465324": "Qiu Jin (Chinese: \u79cb\u747e; pinyin: Qi\u016b J\u01d0n; Wade\u2013Giles: Ch'iu Chin; November 8, 1875 \u2013 July 15, 1907) was a Chinese revolutionary, feminist, and writer. Her courtesy names are Xuanqing (Chinese: \u74bf\u537f; pinyin: Xu\u00e1nq\u012bng) and Jingxiong (simplified Chinese: \u7ade\u96c4; traditional Chinese: \u7af6\u96c4; pinyin: J\u00ecngxi\u00f3ng). Her sobriquet name is Jianhu N\u00fcxia (simplified Chinese: \u9274\u6e56\u5973\u4fa0; traditional Chinese: \u9451\u6e56\u5973\u4fe0; pinyin: Ji\u00e0nh\u00fa N\u01daxi\u00e1) which, when translated literally into English, means \"Woman Knight of Mirror Lake\". Qiu was executed after a failed uprising against the Qing dynasty, and she is considered a national heroine in China; a martyr of republicanism and feminism.\n\n", "Q174974": "Andreas Friedrich Bauer (August 18, 1783 \u2013 December 27, 1860) was a German engineer who developed the first functional steam-powered printing press with his colleague Friedrich Koenig, who had invented the technology and sold it to The Times in London in 1814.Born in Stuttgart, Bauer joined Koenig in 1817 to found Koenig & Bauer at the Oberzell monastery near W\u00fcrzburg.", "Q85963": "Georg Thomas (20 February 1890 \u2013 29 December 1946) was a German general in the Third Reich. He was a leading participant in planning and carrying out economic exploitation of the Soviet Union, most notably the Hunger Plan. Thomas's role in plotting against Hitler has led some historians to describe him as a member of the German resistance, while others find his record more ambiguous.\n\n", "Q1234647": "Mark Smeaton (c. 1512 \u2013 17 May 1536) was a musician at the court of Henry VIII of England, in the household of Queen Anne Boleyn. Smeaton, the Queen's brother George Boleyn (Viscount Rochford), Henry Norris, Francis Weston and William Brereton were executed for alleged treason and adultery with Queen Anne.", "Q680462": "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated (also known as Mystery Incorporated or Scooby-Doo! Mystery, Inc.) is an American animated mystery comedy-drama series; the series serves as the eleventh incarnation of the Scooby-Doo media franchise created by Hanna-Barbera, as well as the first that was not originally run on Saturday mornings. The series is produced by Warner Bros. Animation and Cartoon Network UK and premiered in the United States on Cartoon Network on April 5, 2010, with the next twelve episodes continuing, and the first episode re-airing, on July 12, 2010. The series concluded on April 5, 2013, after two seasons and fifty-two episodes.\nMystery Incorporated returns to the early days of Scooby and the gang, when they are still solving mysteries in their home town, though it makes multiple references to previous incarnations of the franchise. The series takes a tongue-in-cheek approach to the classic Scooby-Doo formula, with increasingly outlandish technology, skills and scenarios making up each villain's story, and a different spin on the famous \"meddling kids\" quote at the end of every episode. Contrasting sharply with this, however, are two elements that have never been used in a Scooby-Doo series before: a serial format with an ongoing story arc featuring many dark plot elements that are treated with near-total seriousness, and ongoing relationship drama between the characters. Furthermore, it is also the first series in the franchise to make use of real ghosts and monsters since The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo.\nThe series pays homage to the horror genre, drawing on many works from film, television and literature in both parodic and serious ways, from horror movie classics like A Nightmare on Elm Street, modern films such as Saw, television series Twin Peaks, and the works of H. P. Lovecraft, alongside the classic monster horror movies shown in previous series. In particular, in the second season, the central story arc evolves to heavily feature the use of Babylonian mythology, exploring the Anunnaki, the Babylonian and modern pseudo-scientific concepts of Nibiru, and the writings of Zecharia Sitchin. Other Hanna-Barbera characters occasionally guest-star, such as Captain Caveman, Jabberjaw, Speed Buggy, The Funky Phantom, and Blue Falcon and Dynomutt.\nAs was the case with the previous three installments in the franchise, Mystery Incorporated redesigns the main characters, this time into a retro look that returns them to their original 1969 outfits, with some small changes (such as Velma now wearing bows in her hair). The series is also the animated debut of Matthew Lillard as the voice of Shaggy, after he portrayed the character in two live-action films, Scooby-Doo (2002) and Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004). Casey Kasem, the original voice of Shaggy, voiced Shaggy's father in five episodes; this would be his last voice-acting role before his death. Linda Cardellini, who played Velma in the live-action movies, voiced Hot Dog Water, a recurring character in the series. The show also brought back characters seen in previous Scooby-Doo series such as the eco-goth rock band The Hex Girls and Vincent Van Ghoul from The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo, though his character is portrayed as a direct homage to Vincent Price, being a famous horror movie actor rather than an actual warlock.", "Q91916": "Otto Lueger (b. 13 October 1843 in Tengen, Baden; d. 2 May 1911 in Stuttgart) was a German civil engineer, university teacher, and author of an encyclopedia of technology.\n\nLueger studied at the Karlsruhe Polytechnic, where he was a member of the student corps, the Corps Saxonia. He then traveled in Europe for study purposes. From 1866 he worked at the waterworks in Karlsruhe, from 1871 at those in Frankfurt am Main. From 1874 he headed the Frankfurt Civil Engineering Office, and later that of Freiburg im Breisgau.\nFrom 1878 he worked as a freelance engineer in Stuttgart and built mainly waterworks, in Baden-Baden, Freiburg im Breisgau, Pforzheim and Lahr amongst others.\nIn recognition of his scientific and practical achievements in the field of water supply Lueger was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Halle-Wittenberg in 1894.\nFrom 1895 he was an associate professor, from 1903 full professor of Hydraulic Engineering at the Technical University of Stuttgart. Lueger was the first editor of the \"Lexikon der gesamten Technik\", an encyclopedia of technology, which appeared in several editions.\nHe is buried at the Pragfriedhof cemetery in Stuttgart.", "Q116897": "Owen Augustine Wells (February 4, 1844 \u2013 January 29, 1935) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.\nBorn in Catskill, New York, Wells moved with his parents to a farm near Empire, Wisconsin, in 1850.\nHe attended public and private schools.\nHe studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1870 and commenced practice in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin.\nHe also engaged in agricultural pursuits and stock raising.\nHe was appointed by President Grover Cleveland as collector of internal revenue for the third Wisconsin district in 1885, serving until 1887, when that district was consolidated with the Milwaukee district.\nHe served as delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1888 and to the Gold Democratic National Convention in 1896 and also to numerous State conventions of his party.\nWells was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-third Congress (March 4, 1893 \u2013 March 3, 1895). He was elected as the representative of Wisconsin's 6th congressional district.\nHe was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress.\nHe declined to accept any public office and resumed the practice of law in Fond du Lac.\nHe retired in 1901 and resided in Fond du Lac until his death there on January 29, 1935.\nHe was interred in Rienzi Cemetery.", "Q484870": "Eisleben is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is famous as the hometown of Martin Luther; hence, its official name is Lutherstadt Eisleben. As of 2015, Eisleben had a population of 24,198. It lies on the Halle\u2013Kassel railway.\nEisleben is divided into old and new towns (Altstadt and Neustadt), the latter of which was created for Eisleben's miners in the 14th century.\nEisleben was the capital of the district of Mansfelder Land and is the seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (\"collective municipality\") Lutherstadt Eisleben.", "Q733864": "Onsi Sawiris (also written Sawires, Coptic: \u2c81\u2c9b\u2ca5\u2c93 \u2ca5\u2c89\u2ca9\u2c8f\u2ca3\u2c9f\u2ca5, Arabic: \u0623\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633\u200e; born August 14, 1930) is an Egyptian businessman. He was estimated to be worth approximately $1.2 billion according to Forbes in 2017. He is the patriarchal head of the Sawiris Family. \nIn his early business career, he was disenchanted with the socialist government of Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser. He was prevented from leaving the country for six years in the 1960s. After a spell in Libya, he returned to Egypt during the more business-friendly regime of the following Egyptian president, Anwar Sadat. He and his three sons, all educated in Europe and the United States, resumed their activities in Egypt over the past three decades under the government of Hosni Mubarak and its liberal business policies.\nHe founded the Orascom conglomerate, whose various construction, telecommunications and tourism, science and technology and industry companies are run by his three sons, Naguib Sawiris, Nassef Sawiris, Samih Sawiris. Orascom is involved in tourism development, telecommunications, construction and other fields.", "Q185033": "Stealing Heaven is a 1988 film directed by Clive Donner and starring Derek de Lint, Kim Thomson and Denholm Elliott. It is a costume drama based on the French 12th century medieval romance (a true story) of Peter Abelard and H\u00e9lo\u00efse and on a historical novel by Marion Meade. This was Donner's final theatrical film, before his death on 7 September 2010.", "Q339600": "Geoffrey Ernest Duke (29 March 1923 \u2013 1 May 2015) was a British multiple motorcycle Grand Prix road racing world champion. Born in St. Helens, Lancashire, after retirement from competition he was a businessman based in the Isle of Man. He raced several brands of motorcycle: Norton, Gilera, BMW, NSU and Benelli.", "Q118662": "Regina \"Rega\" Ullmann (14 December 1884 \u2013 6 January 1961) was a Swiss poet and writer.", "Q3027788": "Miami Dade College (Miami Dade, MDC or Dade) is a public college in Miami, Florida. Founded in 1959, it has a total of eight campuses and twenty-one outreach centers throughout Miami-Dade County. It is the largest college in the Florida College System with over 165,000 students and the second-largest college or university in the United States. Miami Dade College enrolls a significantly larger amount of Hispanic students each year compared to other colleges and universities in the state of Florida. Miami Dade College has 8 different campuses that make up the college and the first being the North Campus.", "Q822394": "Bernard Ett\u00e9 (September 13, 1898, Kassel - September 26, 1973, M\u00fchldorf) was a German jazz and light music violinist and conductor.\nEtt\u00e9 was the son of a hairdresser and studied music formally at the Louis Spohr Conservatory in Kassel. He initially worked with Carl Robrecht as an instrumentalist, playing piano and banjo in addition to violin. In the early 1920s he assembled his own ensemble, which took up a residency in Berlin and performed on radio in the early 1920s. The group also recorded in the 1920s, often with traveling American musicians.During the 1930s, as the Nazi party rose to power, Ett\u00e9 shifted away from jazz to light music, leading a large orchestra; during World War II he played for wounded soldiers on behalf of the Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt in 1940 and for prison overseers at Auschwitz in 1944. After the war, he moved to the United States and attempted a new career, but was unsuccessful in adopting to new stylistic trends. He returned to Germany, leading bands for luxury retreats in the East Frisian Islands and schlager and operetta backing bands in central Germany. By the end of the 1950s he had quit actively playing music, and lived out his last years in an old folk's home.", "Q89181": "Max Adalbert (February 19, 1874 \u2013 September 7, 1933) was a German stage and film actor.", "Q4723060": "Alfred Lee Loomis (November 4, 1887 \u2013 August 11, 1975) was an American attorney, investment banker, philanthropist, scientist, physicist, inventor of the LORAN Long Range Navigation System, and a lifelong patron of scientific research. He established the Loomis Laboratory in Tuxedo Park, New York, and his role in the development of radar and the atomic bomb contributed to the Allied victory in World War II. He invented the Aberdeen Chronograph for measuring muzzle velocities, contributed significantly (perhaps critically, according to Luis Alvarez) to the development of a ground-controlled approach technology for aircraft, and participated in preliminary meetings of the Manhattan Project.\nLoomis also made contributions to biological instrumentation. Working with Edmund Newton Harvey he co-invented the microscope centrifuge, and pioneered techniques for electroencephalography. In 1937, he discovered the sleep K-complex brainwave. During the Great Depression, Loomis anonymously paid the Physical Review journal's fees for authors who could not afford them.", "Q1771846": "Avenged Sevenfold (sometimes abbreviated as A7X) is an American heavy metal band from Huntington Beach, California, formed in 1999. The band's current lineup consists of lead vocalist M. Shadows, rhythm guitarist and backing vocalist Zacky Vengeance, lead guitarist and backing vocalist Synyster Gates, bassist and backing vocalist Johnny Christ, and drummer Brooks Wackerman.\nAvenged Sevenfold is known for its diverse rock sound and dramatic imagery in album covers and merchandise. Avenged Sevenfold emerged with a metalcore sound on the band's debut Sounding the Seventh Trumpet and continued this sound through their second album Waking the Fallen. However, Avenged Sevenfold's style had evolved by the band's third album and first major label release, City of Evil, into a heavy metal and hard rock style. The band continued to explore new sounds with its self-titled release and enjoyed continued mainstream success before their drummer, James \"The Rev\" Sullivan, died in 2009. Despite his death, Avenged Sevenfold continued on with the help of drummer Mike Portnoy (Dream Theater), and released and toured in support of its fifth album Nightmare in 2010, which debuted on the top spot of the Billboard 200, Avenged Sevenfold's first number one debut. In 2011 drummer Arin Ilejay joined the band on tours and recording. Avenged Sevenfold's sixth studio album Hail to the King, which was released in 2013, marked the only Avenged Sevenfold album featuring Arin Ilejay. Hail to the King charted as number 1 on the Billboard 200, the UK Albums chart, as well as the Finnish, Brazilian, Canadian, and Irish charts. In late 2014, Ilejay left the band, and was replaced by former Bad Religion drummer Brooks Wackerman, but the lineup change wasn't announced to the public until 2015. The band then surprise-released their seventh studio album titled The Stage on October 28, 2016, which debuted as number 4 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US. The Stage is their first conceptual album and it marked another stylistic change for the band, moving towards the progressive metal sound.\nTo date, Avenged Sevenfold has released seven studio albums, one live album/DVD, two compilation albums and eighteen singles and have sold over 8 million albums worldwide. Avenged Sevenfold was ranked No. 47 on Loudwire's list of Top 50 Metal Bands of All Time. Avenged Sevenfold have released an original song for each game in the Call of Duty: Black Ops series.", "Q65129": "Hedingen is a municipality in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q101333": "Mechanical engineering is an engineering discipline that combines engineering physics and mathematics principles with materials science to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems. It is one of the oldest and broadest of the engineering disciplines.\nThe mechanical engineering field requires an understanding of core areas including mechanics, dynamics, thermodynamics, materials science, structural analysis, and electricity. In addition to these core principles, mechanical engineers use tools such as computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and product lifecycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices, weapons, and others. It is the branch of engineering that involves the design, production, and operation of machinery.Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century; however, its development can be traced back several thousand years around the world. In the 19th century, developments in physics led to the development of mechanical engineering science. The field has continually evolved to incorporate advancements; today mechanical engineers are pursuing developments in such areas as composites, mechatronics, and nanotechnology. It also overlaps with aerospace engineering, metallurgical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, manufacturing engineering, chemical engineering, industrial engineering, and other engineering disciplines to varying amounts. Mechanical engineers may also work in the field of biomedical engineering, specifically with biomechanics, transport phenomena, biomechatronics, bionanotechnology, and modelling of biological systems.\n\n", "Q310292": "James Jonah Cummings (born November 3, 1952) is an American voice actor, who has appeared in almost 400 roles, including Winnie the Pooh, Tigger, and the Tasmanian Devil.", "Q158246": "Conrad (25 March 1252 \u2013 29 October 1268), called the Younger or the Boy, but usually known by the diminutive Conradin (German: Konradin, Italian: Corradino), was the Duke of Swabia (1254\u20131268, as Conrad IV), King of Jerusalem (1254\u20131268, as Conrad III), and King of Sicily (1254\u20131258, de jure until 1268, as Conrad II).", "Q73993": "Heinrich Eugen Waentig (21 March 1870 \u2013 22 December 1943) was a German economist and politician.\nWaentig was born in Zwickau, Saxony. From 1888 to 1893, he studied at University of Munich, University of Berlin, University of Leipzig, and University of Vienna, eventually earning his doctoral degree at the University of Leipzig. Subsequently, he traveled to the United States and East Asia.\nHe finished his habilitation in 1895 at University of Marburg in 1895 to become a Privatdozent there. In the following year, he was appointed professor extraordinarius, 1899 zum professor ordinarius of the University of Greifswald. 1902 he switched to the University of M\u00fcnster, 1904 to University of Halle.\nWaentig was hired by the government of the Empire of Japan as a foreign advisor, and taught political economics and financial science from 1909-1913 at the Tokyo Imperial University. One of the reasons he was hired was that although he was German, he could lecture fluently in the English language.\nIn 1913, Waentig was recalled by the Prussian Education Minister and returned (until 1933) to his Chair of Halle University. In 1920, he was elected member of the Prussian Landtag under the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD); in 1927, he was appointed Oberpr\u00e4sident of the Province of Saxony; in March 1930, Prussian Minister of the Interior. After an argument with the SPD in 1931 he resigned his party membership.\nWaentig died in Baden-Baden, Germany, in 1943.", "Q2143641": "Renato Terra (26 July 1922 in Naples \u2013 28 November 2010 in Rome) had a career working in film as an actor, and has appeared in over 80 movies. In 1977 he retired to become a poet.", "Q897249": "Miksa Falk (or sometimes Maximilian Falk, 7 October 1828 \u2013 10 September 1908) was a Hungarian politician, journalist, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the editor-in-chief of the German-language newspaper Pester Lloyd.\n\n", "Q42596": "Frederic Mistral (French: [mist\u0281al]; Occitan: Jos\u00e8p Est\u00e8ve Frederic Mistral, 8 September 1830 \u2013 25 March 1914) was an Occitan writer and lexicographer of the Occitan language. Mistral received the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature \"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Proven\u00e7al philologist\". He was a founding member of F\u00e9librige and a member of l'Acad\u00e9mie de Marseille.\nHis name in his native language was Frederi Mistral (Mistrau) according to the Mistralian orthography or Frederic Mistral (or Mistrau) according to the classical orthography.\nMistral's fame was owing in part to Alphonse de Lamartine who sang his praises in the 40th edition of his periodical Cours familier de litt\u00e9rature, following the publication of Mistral's long poem Mir\u00e8io. Alphonse Daudet, with whom he maintained a long friendship, eulogized him in \"Poet Mistral\", one of the stories in his collection Letters from My Windmill (Lettres de mon moulin).", "Q234456": "Lindsay Jean Wagner (born June 22, 1949) is an American film and television actress, model, author, singer, acting coach, and adjunct professor. Wagner is best known for her leading role in the American science-fiction television series The Bionic Woman (1976\u20131978), in which she portrayed action character Jaime Sommers. She first played this role on the hit series The Six Million Dollar Man. The character became a popular-culture icon of the 1970s. For this role, Wagner won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Dramatic Role in 1977. Wagner began acting professionally in 1971 and has maintained a lengthy acting career in a variety of film and television productions to the present day.", "Q542957": "Roger Bobo (born June 8, 1938) is an American tuba virtuoso and brass pedagogue. He retired from active tuba performance in 2001 in order to devote his time to conducting and teaching. He gave what is reputed to be the first solo tuba recital in the history of Carnegie Hall. His solo and ensemble discography is extensive. He is the author of \"Mastering the Tuba\" published by Editions Bim (CH). While living in the US, he was the resident conductor of the Topanga Philharmonic Orchestra. He has been a guest conductor with numerous orchestras and chamber ensembles in North America, Europe and Asia.\nAs of 2018, Bobo resides in Tokyo, Japan and teaches at Musashino Academy of Music in Tokyo. Before moving to Tokyo he served as faculty at the Fiesole School of Music near Florence, Italy, at the Lausanne Conservatory in Switzerland, at the Rotterdams Konservatorium in the Netherlands, and at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester, England. Roger holds a bachelor's degree from the Eastman School of Music.\nMajor orchestral appointments include:\n\nRochester Philharmonic Orchestra, 1956\u20131962 (Erich Leinsdorf, cond.)\nRoyal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Amsterdam, 1962\u20131964 (Bernard Haitink, cond.)\nLos Angeles Philharmonic, 1964\u20131989 (Zubin Mehta, Carlo Maria Giulini, Andr\u00e9 Previn cond.)Bobo is the subject of the John Updike poem \"Recital\".", "Q100993": "Ernst Dronke (born 1822, Germany - death 1891) was a journalist. Because of his philosophical beliefs, Dronke became a \"true socialist\". Later he became a member of the Communist League and became an editor of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung. He participated in the German uprising of 1848-1849; after the suppression of this uprising, Dronke emigrated to England. Subsequently, he withdrew from politics.", "Q1588": "Louisiana is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States. It is the 19th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River. Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are equivalent to counties. The state's capital is Baton Rouge, and its largest city is New Orleans.\nMuch of the state's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp. These contain a rich southern biota; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets. There are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a natural process in the landscape and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas. These support an exceptionally large number of plant species, including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants. Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state, including four that are federally recognized, ten that are state recognized, and four that have not received recognition.Some Louisiana urban environments have a multicultural, multilingual heritage, being so strongly influenced by a mixture of 18th-century French, Italian, Haitian, Spanish, Native American, and African cultures that they are considered to be exceptional in the U.S. Before the American purchase of the territory in 1803, the present-day State of Louisiana had been both a French colony and for a brief period a Spanish one. In addition, colonists imported numerous African people as slaves in the 18th century. Many came from peoples of the same region of West Africa, thus concentrating their culture. In the post-Civil War environment, Anglo-Americans increased the pressure for Anglicization, and in 1921, English was for a time made the sole language of instruction in Louisiana schools before a policy of multilingualism was revived in 1974. There has never been an official language in Louisiana, and the state constitution enumerates \"the right of the people to preserve, foster, and promote their respective historic, linguistic, and cultural origins\".Like other states in the Deep South region, Louisiana frequently ranks low in terms of health, education, and development, and high in measures of poverty. In 2018, Louisiana was ranked as the least healthy state in the country, with high levels of drug-related deaths and excessive alcohol consumption, while it has had the highest homicide rate in the United States since at least the 1990s.", "Q121785": "Vladimir Urutchev (Bulgarian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0423\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0432) (born 1 October 1954 in Smolyan Province) is a Bulgarian politician who serves as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the GERB. Following Bulgaria's accession to the European Union in 2007, he was elected as one of the first group of Bulgarian members of the European Parliament. He was subsequently re-elected in 2009. Before becoming an MEP, Urutchev had worked as a nuclear engineer at the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant.In 2019, Urutchev was the recipient of the Energy Award at The Parliament Magazine's annual MEP Awards.\n\n", "Q287844": "Adelina Ismajli (born 14 December 1979 in Pristina) is a Kosovar singer, actress, and former beauty pageant winner.", "Q5214706": "Dana D. Nelson is a professor of English at Vanderbilt University and a prominent progressive advocate for citizenship and democracy. She is notable for her criticism\u2014in her books such as Bad for Democracy\u2014of excessive presidential power and for exposing a tendency by Americans towards presidentialism, which she defines as the people's neglect of basic citizenship duties while hoping the president will solve most problems. Her scholarship focuses on early American literature relating to citizenship and democratic government.\n\n", "Q704776": "Charles, Prince Napol\u00e9on (Charles Marie J\u00e9r\u00f4me Victor Napol\u00e9on; born 19 October 1950 in Boulogne-Billancourt) is a French politician, and is recognised by some Bonapartists as the head of the Imperial House of France and as heir to the rights and legacy established by his great-great-grand-uncle, Emperor Napol\u00e9on I. Other Bonapartists consider his son, Jean-Christophe, to be the current head of the house and heir.", "Q1115631": "The Indian Ocean Commission (French: Commission de l'Oc\u00e9an Indien, COI) is an intergovernmental organization that links African Indian Ocean nations: Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, R\u00e9union (an overseas region of France), and Seychelles. There are also five observers: China, India, Malta, the European Union and the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.The commission was created in 1982 in Port-Louis, Mauritius, and institutionalised in 1984. The secretariat is based in Mauritius. The current secretary-general is Hamada Madi.", "Q336255": "William James Robert Peel, 3rd Earl Peel, (born 3 October 1947), styled Viscount Clanfield until 1969, was a Conservative peer from 15 May 1973 until October 2006 when, on his appointment as Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household, he became a crossbench (non-party) member of the House of Lords.", "Q64551": "M\u00e4genwil is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q289869": "Lidia Wysocka (June 24, 1916 \u2013 January 2, 2006) was a Polish stage, film and voice actress, singer, cabaret performer and creative director, theatre director and costume designer, editorialist.\n\n", "Q212491": "Jos\u00e9 Elias Moedim J\u00fanior (born 25 September 1976), commonly known as Z\u00e9 Elias, is a Brazilian former professional footballer. A defensive or central midfielder, he played for 12 teams in seven countries. He is a football analyst for ESPN Brasil.", "Q3783517": "Harry Northup (born September 2, 1940) is an American actor and poet. As an actor, he would make frequent appearances in the films of Martin Scorsese and Jonathan Demme.\n\n", "Q842306": "Saludos Amigos (Spanish for \"Greetings, Friends\") is a 1942 American live-action animated package featurette produced by Walt Disney and released by RKO Radio Pictures. It is the sixth Disney animated feature film and the first of the six package films produced by Walt Disney Productions in the 1940s. Set in Latin America, it is made up of four different segments; Donald Duck stars in two of them and Goofy stars in one. It also features the first appearance of Jos\u00e9 Carioca, the Brazilian cigar-smoking parrot. Saludos Amigos premiered in Rio de Janeiro on August 24, 1942. It was released in the United States on February 6, 1943. Saludos Amigos was popular enough that Walt Disney decided to make another film about Latin America, The Three Caballeros, to be produced two years later. At 42 minutes, it is Disney's shortest animated feature to date.", "Q461624": "Kristian Olaf Bernhard Birkeland (13 December 1867 \u2013 15 June 1917) was a Norwegian scientist. He is best remembered for his theories of atmospheric electric currents that elucidated the nature of the aurora borealis. In order to fund his research on the aurorae, he invented the electromagnetic cannon and the Birkeland\u2013Eyde process of fixing nitrogen from the air. Birkeland was nominated for the Nobel Prize seven times.", "Q638925": "Cyril Ring (December 5, 1892 \u2013 July 17, 1967) was an American film actor. He began his career in silent films in 1921. By the time of his final performance in 1951, he had appeared in over 350 films, nearly all of them in small and/or uncredited bit parts.\nRing is probably best known today for his role as Harvey Yates, a con artist and accomplice to fellow con artist Penelope, played by Kay Francis in the Marx Brothers first film The Cocoanuts (1929). He also appeared in uncredited small parts in two other Marx films, Monkey Business (1931) and A Day at the Races (1937).", "Q110558": "Swen Hans Wilhelm Heyck (19 September 1891 in Freiburg, Baden \u2013 24 June 1972 in Kempfenhausen, Bavaria) was a German writer and poet. He sometimes used the pen name Harro Loothmann.", "Q236527": "Maya Khabira Rudolph (born July 27, 1972) is an American actress, comedian and singer. Rudolph first gained prominence in the mid-1990s as a member of the alternative rock band The Rentals, before joining The Groundlings improv troupe later in the decade. In 2000, Rudolph became a cast member on the NBC late-night sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live and subsequently appeared in supporting roles in films such as 50 First Dates (2004), A Prairie Home Companion (2006) and Idiocracy (2006).After leaving Saturday Night Live in 2007, Rudolph appeared in Grown Ups (2010), Bridesmaids (2011), Grown Ups 2 (2013), Inherent Vice (2014), Sisters (2015), CHiPs (2017), and Wine Country (2019). She also lent her voice to the animated films Shrek the Third (2007) and Big Hero 6 (2014). In addition to her film appearances, Rudolph starred as Ava Alexander on the NBC sitcom Up All Night from 2011 to 2012, and co-hosted her own variety series Maya & Marty with Martin Short in 2016. From 2018, Rudolph appeared on the NBC fantasy comedy series The Good Place, for which she received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series.", "Q155004": "Philippe or Filip (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8fi.l\u026ap], French pronunciation: \u200b[filip], Dutch: Filip Leopold Lodewijk Maria, French: Philippe L\u00e9opold Louis Marie, German: Philipp Leopold Ludwig Maria; born 15 April 1960) is King of the Belgians, having ascended the throne on 21 July 2013, following his father's abdication. He is the eldest child of King Albert II, whom he succeeded upon Albert's abdication for health reasons, and Queen Paola. He married Countess Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz (now Queen Mathilde), with whom he has four children. King Philippe's elder daughter, Princess Elisabeth, is first in the line of succession.", "Q706161": "Cixi (Mandarin pronunciation ), alternately romanized as Tzeki, is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of the sub-provincial city of Ningbo, in the north of Zhejiang province, China. At the 2010 census, its population was 1,462,383. Its urban agglomeration built-up (or metro) area, largely contiguous with Cixi plus the county-level city of Yuyao, had 2,473,042 inhabitants.", "Q67058": "Uetikon am See is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q465442": "Robert Guillaume (born Robert Peter Williams; November 30, 1927 \u2013 October 24, 2017) was an American actor and singer, known for his role as Benson in the television series Soap and its spin-off Benson, as well as for voicing the mandrill Rafiki in The Lion King and related media thereof. In a career that spanned more than 50 years he worked extensively on stage, television and film. For his efforts he was nominated for a Tony Award for his portrayal of Nathan Detroit in Guys and Dolls, and twice won an Emmy Award for his portrayal of the character Benson DuBois, once in 1979 on Soap and in 1985 on Benson. He also won a Grammy Award in 1995 for his spoken word performance of an audiobook version of The Lion King.", "Q1532079": "Steinar Ofsdal (born 4 October 1948) is a Norwegian composer and musician (flute).", "Q7432485": "The School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University (also known as SIPA) is the international affairs and public policy school of Columbia University, a private Ivy League university located in Morningside Heights, Manhattan, New York City.\nSIPA offers Master of International Affairs (MIA) and Master of Public Administration (MPA) degrees in a range of fields, as well as the Executive MPA and Ph.D. program in Sustainable Development.\nSIPA's alumni include former heads of state, business leaders, journalists, diplomats, and elected representatives. Half of SIPA's nearly 1,400 students are international, coming from over 100 countries. SIPA has more than 70 full-time faculty, many of which include the world's leading scholars on international relations.", "Q188271": "Vincas Mickevi\u010dius (Mickiewicz), known under his pen name Kapsukas (7 April [O.S. 23 March] 1880 \u2013 17 February 1935), was a Lithuanian communist political activist and revolutionary. As an active member of the Lithuanian National Revival, he wrote for and edited many Lithuanian publications and joined the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party. As his views turned from socialism to communism, he became one of the founders and leaders of the Lithuanian Communist Party and headed the short-lived Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and Lithuanian\u2013Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (Litbel) in 1918\u201319. After the failure of these republics, Mickevi\u010dius left for Soviet Russia, where he continued to lead Lithuanian communists and worked for the Communist International (Comintern).", "Q66346": "Johann Karl (or Carl) August (Friedrich Wilhelm) M\u00fcller (16 December 1818 \u2013 9 February 1899) was a German bryologist born in Allstedt.\nPrior to 1843 he worked as a pharmacist at several locations in Germany (Kranichfeld, Jever, Detmold and Blankenburg am Harz), followed by studies in botany at the University of Halle (1843 to 1846). In 1843 he became an assistant editor of Botanische Zeitung, and in 1852 was co-founder of the journal Die Natur. During his career he amassed a moss herbarium consisting of 12,000 bryological species. Pyrrhobryum parramattense is one of the many species he described.", "Q1930595": "Percy Sinclair Pilcher (16 January 1867 \u2013 2 October 1899) was a British inventor and pioneer aviator who was his country's foremost experimenter in unpowered flight at the end of the nineteenth century.\nHe was planning a flight with a motor-driven hang glider, but died in the crash of another glider before he could make the attempt.\nHis memorial is in a field opposite Stanford Hall in Leicestershire.", "Q124825": "Carl Wirths (December 10, 1897 \u2013 June 16, 1955 in Wuppertal) was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP). He was a representative of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia from October 2, 1946 until September 1, 1949 and the national Bundestag from 1949 until his death.", "Q46096": "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 1809 \u2013 4 November 1847), born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions include symphonies, concertos, piano music and chamber music. His best-known works include his overture and incidental music for A Midsummer Night's Dream, the Italian Symphony, the Scottish Symphony, the oratorio Elijah, the overture The Hebrides, his mature Violin Concerto, and his String Octet. The melody for the Christmas carol \"Hark! The Herald Angels Sing\" is also his. Mendelssohn's Songs Without Words are his most famous solo piano compositions. \nA grandson of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, Felix Mendelssohn was born into a prominent Jewish family. He was brought up without religion until the age of seven, when he was baptised as a Reformed Christian. Felix was recognised early as a musical prodigy, but his parents were cautious and did not seek to capitalise on his talent.\nMendelssohn enjoyed early success in Germany, and revived interest in the music of Johann Sebastian Bach, notably with his performance of the St Matthew Passion in 1829. He became well received in his travels throughout Europe as a composer, conductor and soloist; his ten visits to Britain \u2013 during which many of his major works were premiered \u2013 form an important part of his adult career. His essentially conservative musical tastes set him apart from more adventurous musical contemporaries such as Franz Liszt, Richard Wagner, Charles-Valentin Alkan and Hector Berlioz. The Leipzig Conservatory, which he founded, became a bastion of this anti-radical outlook. After a long period of relative denigration due to changing musical tastes and antisemitism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, his creative originality has been re-evaluated. He is now among the most popular composers of the Romantic era.", "Q5188597": "Crossfire Hurricane is a 2012 documentary film about The Rolling Stones written and directed by Brett Morgen. The film chronicles the early years of the band through to 1981. The film is a series of interviews conducted without cameras, while showing various points of interest that the band is discussing as archival footage. The title of the film comes from the first line of the band's 1968 hit \"Jumpin' Jack Flash\".", "Q237639": "Marguerite Radclyffe Hall (12 August 1880 \u2013 7 October 1943) was an English poet and author. She is best known for the novel The Well of Loneliness, a groundbreaking work in lesbian literature.", "Q335984": "John Passmore Widgery, Baron Widgery, (24 July 1911 \u2013 26 July 1981) was an English judge who served as Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales from 1971 to 1980. He is principally noted for presiding over the Widgery Tribunal on the events of Bloody Sunday.", "Q464990": "Yvonne Ridley (born 23 April 1958) is a British journalist who was a chair of the National Council of the now-defunct Respect Party. She was captured by the Taliban in 2001. She later converted to Islam. She is a vocal supporter of Palestine, which she took up as a schoolgirl. She is an avid critic of Zionism and of Western media portrayals and foreign policy in the War on Terror, and has undertaken speaking tours throughout the Muslim world as well as America, Europe and Australia. She has been called \"something close to a celebrity in the Islamic world\" by the journalist Rachel Cooke, and in 2008 was voted the \"most recognisable woman in the Islamic world\" by Islam Online.", "Q239600": "Susan Michaela Sullivan (born November 18, 1942) is an American actress. Sullivan is best known for her roles as Lenore Curtin Delaney on the daytime soap opera Another World (1971\u201376), as Lois Adams on the ABC sitcom It's a Living (1980\u201381), as Maggie Gioberti Channing on the primetime soap opera Falcon Crest (1981\u201389), as Kitty Montgomery on the ABC sitcom Dharma & Greg (1997\u20132002), and as Martha Rodgers on Castle (2009\u20132016).", "Q26776": "Mom\u010dilo Kraji\u0161nik (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u043e\u043c\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a; born 20 January 1945) is a former Bosnian Serb political leader, who along with Radovan Karad\u017ei\u0107 co-founded the Bosnian Serb nationalist Serb Democratic Party (SDS). Between 1990-92, he was Speaker of the People's Assembly of Republika Srpska. Between June and December 1992, he also served as member of the expanded Presidency of Republika Srpska.\nAfter the Bosnian War, he was elected Serb member of the tripartite Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the September 1996 and served in that post from October 1996 to October 1998. He lost his bid for re-election in 1998 to \u017divko Radi\u0161i\u0107. In 2006, Kraji\u0161nik was found guilty of committing crimes against humanity during the Bosnian War (1992\u201395) by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment. He was later granted early release on 1 September 2013, and he returned to Republika Srpska.\n\n", "Q191734": "Gregory of Nyssa, also known as Gregory Nyssen (Greek: \u0393\u03c1\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039d\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2; c. 335 \u2013 c. 395), was bishop of Nyssa from 372 to 376 and from 378 until his death. He is venerated as a saint in Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Anglicanism, and Lutheranism. Gregory, his elder brother Basil of Caesarea, and their friend Gregory of Nazianzus are collectively known as the Cappadocian Fathers.\nGregory lacked the administrative ability of his brother Basil or the contemporary influence of Gregory of Nazianzus, but he was an erudite theologian who made significant contributions to the doctrine of the Trinity and the Nicene Creed. Gregory's philosophical writings were influenced by Origen. Since the mid-twentieth century, there has been a significant increase in interest in Gregory's works from the academic community, particularly involving universal salvation, which has resulted in challenges to many traditional interpretations of his theology.", "Q124831": "Pope Gregory IX (Latin: Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 \u2013 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 to his death. He is known for issuing the Decretales and instituting the Papal Inquisition in response to the failures of the episcopal inquisitions established during the time of Pope Lucius III through his papal bull Ad abolendam issued in 1184.\nThe successor of Honorius III, he fully inherited the traditions of Gregory VII and of his own cousin Innocent III and zealously continued their policy of papal supremacy.\n\n", "Q652256": "Epic films are a style of filmmaking with large scale, sweeping scope, and spectacle. The usage of the term has shifted over time, sometimes designating a film genre and at other times simply synonymous with big-budget filmmaking. Like epics in the classical literary sense it is often focused on a heroic character. An epic's ambitious nature helps to set it apart from other types of film such as the period piece or adventure film.\nEpic historical films would usually take a historical or a mythical event and add an extravagant setting and lavish costumes, accompanied by an expansive musical score with an ensemble cast, which would make them among the most expensive of films to produce. The most common subjects of epic films are royalty, and important figures from various periods in world history.", "Q708158": "Brad Terrence Jordan (born November 9, 1970), better known by his stage name Scarface, is an American rapper, record producer, and politician, best known as a member of the Geto Boys, a hip hop group from Houston, Texas. He grew up in Houston and is originally from the city's South Acres (Crestmont Park) neighborhood. In 2012, The Source ranked him #16 on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time, while About.com ranked him #6 on its list of the 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time (1987\u20132007).", "Q269037": "Maria Luisa \"Movita\" Castaneda (April 12, 1916 \u2013 February 12, 2015) was an American actress best known for having been the second wife of actor Marlon Brando. In films, she played exotic women/singers, such as in Flying Down to Rio (1933) and Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), of which she was the last surviving cast member. She is the mother of Miko Castaneda Brando (b. 1961) and Rebecca Brando Kotlizky (b. 1966).", "Q56082378": "Live at Wembley: Babymetal World Tour 2016 Kicks Off at The SSE Arena, Wembley (stylized as \u300cLIVE AT WEMBLEY\u300dBABYMETAL WORLD TOUR 2016 kicks off at THE SSE ARENA, WEMBLEY, commonly referred to as Live at Wembley) is the second live album and fifth video album by Japanese heavy metal band Babymetal. The album contains footage from the Babymetal World Tour 2016: Legend Metal Resistance and was released on November 23, 2016 in Japan by BMD Fox Records and Toy's Factory, and on December 9, 2016 in the United Kingdom by earMusic. The album features the live performance at Wembley Arena on April 2, 2016, kicking off the band's world tour.\nThe received generally positive reviews from music critics, and peaked at number five, one, and two on the Oricon weekly album, DVD, and Blu-ray charts, respectively, in Japan.", "Q50838": "This is a Hong Kong name; Fang is the maiden name and Chan is the married name.\n\nAnson Maria Elizabeth Chan Fang On-sang, GBM, GCMG, CBE, JP (Chinese: \u9673\u65b9\u5b89\u751f; born 17 January 1940) is a Hong Kong politician and civil servant who served as Chief Secretary in both the Hong Kong Government under the British sovereignty and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government under the Chinese sovereignty. She was also an elected member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong for Hong Kong Island between 2007 and 2008.", "Q76141": "Johannes Piscator (; German: Johannes Fischer; 27 March 1546 \u2013 26 July 1625) was a German Reformed theologian, known as a Bible translator and textbook writer.\nHe was a prolific writer, and initially moved around as he held a number of positions. Some scholarly confusion as to whether there was more than one person of the name was addressed in a paper by Walter Ong.", "Q220351": "George Bruno \"Zoot\" Money (born 17 July 1942 in Bournemouth, Dorset) is an English vocalist, keyboardist and bandleader. He is best known for his playing of the Hammond organ and association with his Big Roll Band. Inspired by Jerry Lee Lewis and Ray Charles, he was drawn to rock and roll music and became a leading light in the vibrant music scene of Bournemouth and Soho during the 1960s. He took his stage name 'Zoot' from Zoot Sims after seeing him in concert.Money has been associated with The Animals, Eric Burdon, Steve Marriott, Kevin Coyne, Kevin Ayers, Humble Pie, Alexis Korner, Snowy White, Mick Taylor, Spencer Davis, Vivian Stanshall, Geno Washington, Brian Friel, the Hard Travelers, Widowmaker and Alan Price. He is also known as a bit part and character actor.", "Q27468": "Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent. There is no consistent definition of the precise area it covers, partly because the term has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic connotations. There are \"almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region\". A related United Nations paper adds that \"every assessment of spatial identities is essentially a social and cultural construct\".\nOne definition describes Eastern Europe as a cultural entity: the region lying in Europe with the main characteristics consisting of Greek, Byzantine, Eastern Orthodox, Russian, and some Ottoman cultural influences. Another definition was created during the Cold War and used more or less synonymously with the term Eastern Bloc. A similar definition names the formerly communist European states outside the Soviet Union as Eastern Europe. Most historians and social scientists view such definitions as outdated or relegated, but they are still sometimes used for statistical purposes.\n\n", "Q62134": "Edna St. Vincent Millay (February 22, 1892 \u2013 October 19, 1950) was an American lyrical poet and playwright. She received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1923, the third woman to win the award for poetry, and was also known for her feminist activism. She used the pseudonym Nancy Boyd for her prose work. The poet Richard Wilbur asserted, \"She wrote some of the best sonnets of the century.\"", "Q2093110": "The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) is a public research university in El Paso, Texas. It is a member of the University of Texas System. UTEP is the second-largest university in the United States to have a majority Mexican American student population (about 80%) after the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. It is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity.\" The university's School of Engineering is the nation's top producer of Hispanic engineers with M.S. and Ph.D. degrees.UTEP is home to the Sun Bowl stadium, which hosts the annual college football competition the Sun Bowl every winter.\nThe campus is one of the few places in the world outside of Bhutan or Tibet to have buildings created with the Dzong architectural style. It sits on hillsides overlooking the Rio Grande river, with Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez in view across the Mexico\u2013United States border.", "Q1810123": "Wichita Recordings is an independent record label located in London, founded in 2000 by Mark Bowen and Dick Green. Its most notable signees include Bloc Party, The Cribs, Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, Bright Eyes, My Morning Jacket, Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Best Coast, Los Campesinos! and Peter Bjorn and John. The label signed Clap Your Hands Say Yeah for a UK distribution deal for the group's debut album. They also signed the UK producers Simian Mobile Disco for the UK.\nThe label's first release was the Bright Eyes album, Fevers and Mirrors, released in 2000.Wichita Management runs alongside the label, and currently represents Gold Panda, Brolin, Shannon And The Clams, Open Mike Eagle, Cloud Nothings, Dan Tombs, Luke Abbott, Frankie & The Heartstrings, Peggy Sue, Star Slinger, Dam Mantle and Theo Verney.\n2015 saw Wichita Recordings celebrate 15 years as a label, and have released new music from FIDLAR, Cheatahs, Meg Baird, Frankie & The Heartstrings, Girlpool, Waxahatchee and Total Babes.\n2016 releases included Globelamp's debut LP The Orange Glow, Mothers' debut LP When You Walk A Long Distance You Are Tired, and the debut from Oscar, Cut and Paste.", "Q234324": "Dorothea Margaret Tanning (25 August 1910 \u2013 31 January 2012) was an American painter, printmaker, sculptor, writer, and poet. Her early work was influenced by Surrealism.", "Q56117607": "Samir Salameh (Arabic: \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u200e) (16 August 1944 \u2013 16 August 2018) was a Palestinian-French visual artist.", "Q3795361": "Bare Essence is an American prime time soap opera television series which aired on NBC from February 15 to June 13, 1983, during the 1982\u201383 season. It starred Genie Francis as Tyger Hayes, and explored the intrigues of the perfume industry.", "Q1883987": "The traitorous eight was a group of eight employees who left Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1957 to found Fairchild Semiconductor. William Shockley had in 1956 recruited a group of young PhD graduates with the goal to develop and produce new semiconductor devices. While Shockley had received a Nobel Prize in Physics and was an experienced researcher and teacher, his management of the group was authoritarian and unpopular. This was accentuated by Shockley's research focus not proving fruitful. After the demand for Shockley to be replaced was rebuffed, the eight left to form their own company. \nShockley described their leaving as a \"betrayal\". The eight who left Shockley Semiconductor were Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce, and Sheldon Roberts. In August 1957, they reached an agreement with Sherman Fairchild, and on September 18, 1957, they formed Fairchild Semiconductor. The newly founded Fairchild Semiconductor soon grew into a leader of the semiconductor industry. In 1960, it became an incubator of Silicon Valley and was directly or indirectly involved in the creation of dozens of corporations, including Intel and AMD. These many spin-off companies came to be known as \"Fairchildren\".", "Q262162": "Louise Lombard (born Louise Marie Perkins; 13 September 1970), is an English actress. She is known for her roles as Evangeline Eliott in the BBC drama series The House of Eliott (1991\u201394) and Sofia Curtis in the CBS drama series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2004\u201311).", "Q320423": "The Spy Who Loved Me is a 1977 spy film and the tenth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and the third to star Roger Moore as the fictional secret agent James Bond. Barbara Bach and Curd J\u00fcrgens co-star. It was directed by Lewis Gilbert and the screenplay was written by Christopher Wood and Richard Maibaum.\nThe film takes its title from Ian Fleming's novel The Spy Who Loved Me, the tenth book in the James Bond series, though it does not contain any elements of the novel's plot. The storyline involves a reclusive megalomaniac named Karl Stromberg, who plans to destroy the world and create a new civilisation under the sea. Bond teams up with a Russian agent, Anya Amasova, to stop the plans, all while being hunted by Stromberg\u2019s powerful henchmen, Jaws.\nIt was shot on location in Egypt (Cairo and Luxor) and Italy (Costa Smeralda, Sardinia), with underwater scenes filmed at the Bahamas (Nassau), and a new soundstage built at Pinewood Studios for a massive set which depicted the interior of a supertanker. The Spy Who Loved Me was well-received by critics, who saw the film as a return to form for the franchise. The soundtrack composed by Marvin Hamlisch also met with success. The film was nominated for three Academy Awards amid many other nominations and novelised in 1977 by Christopher Wood as James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me.", "Q1782064": "Richard Bernhard With (18 September 1846 \u2013 9 February 1930) was a Norwegian ship captain, businessman and politician for the Liberal Left Party. He is known as the founder of the shipping companies Vesteraalens Dampskibsselskab and Hurtigruten.", "Q44695": "Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov, born Kirill (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, 28 November [O.S. 15 November] 1915 \u2013 28 August 1979), was a Soviet author and a war poet. He was a playwright and a wartime correspondent, most famous for his poem Wait for Me.", "Q440826": "Annika Maria Lundqvist (born 14 October 1963) is a Swedish actress and comedian. Born in Gothenburg, Lundqvist studied acting at the Gothenburg Theatre Academy and has since been acting at various Swedish theatres, including the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm. \nHer breakthrough as a comedian came when she portrayed a comic character named Sally in a TV-show with the same name in 1998. She has also starred in musicals in Sweden. For her film acting, she has received two Guldbagge awards. She had a leading role in the 2015 comedy film En underbar j\u00e4vla jul.\nShe has four children, one of them is actor Anton Lundqvist.", "Q3186620": "Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel S\u00e1nchez Asia\u00edn, 1st Marquess of Asia\u00edn, (Baracaldo, Spain, 1 March 1929 \u2013 Madrid, 31 December 2016) was a Spanish industrialist, university professor and economist.", "Q638931": "Lech Andrzej Janerka (born 2 May 1953 in Wroc\u0142aw, Poland) is a Polish songwriter, vocalist, and bassist. In the 1980s he was leader of a notable Polish post-punk/new wave band called Klaus Mitffoch, based in Wroc\u0142aw.\n\n", "Q287688": "Mary Bebe Anderson (April 3, 1918 \u2013 April 6, 2014) was an American actress, who appeared in 31 films and 22 television productions between 1939 and 1965. She was best known for her small supporting role in the film Gone With the Wind as well as one of the main characters in Alfred Hitchcock's 1944 film Lifeboat.", "Q3433278": "Kolbj\u00f8rn Almlid (born 2 June 1945) is a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Centre Party.\nHe hails from Verran. From 1989 to 1990, during Syse's Cabinet, he was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag during the term 1989\u20131993. From 1991 to 1995 he was county mayor of Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag. Outside politics, he was a director in the Norwegian Industrial and Regional Development Fund, later named Innovation Norway following a merger.Almlid has chaired the Central Norway Regional Health Authority from 2006 to 2012, and Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag Elektrisitetsverk, and was a board member of Vinmonopolet from 1998 to 2000. In 2011 he became chair of Statnett.", "Q1001122": "Walter \"Buddy Boy\" Hawkins was an American country blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He recorded only 12 songs, between 1927 and 1929, but Paul Oliver opined that \"Hawkins was a major figure in black country music\". AllMusic noted that he was \"one of the most distinctive country-blues performers of the pre-war era, a gifted vocalist whose taste for slow, dirge-like songs was ideally suited to his intricate guitar work.\"Details of Hawkins's life outside of his brief recording career are minimal.", "Q640652": "The University of Oklahoma (OU) is a public research university in Norman, Oklahoma. Founded in 1890, it had existed in Oklahoma Territory near Indian Territory for 17 years before the two became the state of Oklahoma. In Fall 2018 the university had 31,702 students enrolled, most at its main campus in Norman. Employing nearly 3,000 faculty members, the school offers 152 baccalaureate programs, 160 master's programs, 75 doctorate programs, and 20 majors at the first professional level.The university is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity.\" Its Norman campus has two prominent museums, the Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art, specializing in French Impressionism and Native American artwork, and the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, specializing in the natural history of Oklahoma.\nThe university has won multiple national championships in multiple sports, including seven football national championships and two NCAA Division I baseball championships. The women's softball team has won the national championship four times: in 2000, 2013, and consecutively in 2016 and 2017. The gymnastics teams have won a combined 11 national championships since 2002, with the men's team winning eight in the last 15 years, including three consecutive titles from 2015 to 2017.", "Q213943": "Karl Wenzeslaus Rodecker von Rotteck (18 July 1775, Freiburg, Baden \u2013 26 November 1840, Freiburg) was a German political activist, historian, politician and political scientist. He was a prominent advocate of freedom of the press and the abolition of compulsory labor.", "Q65883": "Oberbalm, is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q107756": "Wolfgang Ziffer (born 26 October 1941) is a German voice actor and actor from Wuppertal.\nLike a number of people in the voice acting industry, Ziffer is rarely seen live on film or television. Examples of his roles include Roger Rabbit in Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Calimero in Calimero, Digit in An American Tail (appropriately, his surname means \"digit\"), Gulliver the Raven in Benjamin the Elephant, and Iago the Parrot in Aladdin. He frequently voices robot characters such as Number 5 in Short Circuit, V.I.N.CENT in The Black Hole, and C-3PO in the Star Wars prequel trilogy, Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series), Star Wars Rebels and in the German radio plays Labyrinth des B\u00f6sen (based on James Lucenos novel Labyrinth of Evil) - 2007, ISBN 978-3-8291-2087-6 - and Dark Lord (based on James Lucenos novel Dark Lord: The Rise of Darth Vader). He is also the voice of Jonathan Livingston Seagull in the film bearing the same name.\nHe was the original German voice of J. Thaddeus Toad in The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad, though the 1993 dub has him voiced by Joachim Kaps.\nIn the TV series Riptide, Ziffer dubs over the character of Murray 'Boz' Bozinsky (played by Thom Bray). Additionally, he dubs over Corporal Peter Newkirk (played by Richard Dawson) in Hogan's Heroes.\nZiffer currently lives in Berlin, and is married to actress Edeltraud Elsner. He is the father of voice actress Julia Ziffer.", "Q946160": "Alberto Magno Rivera Romero (September 19, 1935 \u2013 June 20, 1997) was an anti-Catholic religious activist who was the source of many of the conspiracy theories about the Vatican espoused by fundamentalist Christian author Jack Chick.\nChick promised to promote Rivera's testimony even after he died. Rivera had allegedly been a Jesuit before becoming a Fundamentalist Protestant, and many of the stories Chick published about Rivera involve Jesuit activities.", "Q25519": "Merry-Go-Round is a 1981 film by Jacques Rivette, starring Maria Schneider and Joe Dallesandro. The film is a crime drama revolving around a kidnapping plot. Elizabeth (Dani\u00e8le G\u00e9gauff) sends telegrams to her old boyfriend Ben (Dallesandro) in New York City and to her younger sister L\u00e9o (Schneider) in Rome to join her in Paris, where she is selling her dead father's estate. The scenario was written by Rivette in collaboration with Eduardo de Gregorio and Suzanne Schiffman, with dialogue by de Gregorio. Distributed by Roissy Films.\n\n", "Q141703": "The Futureheads are an English post-punk band from Sunderland, consisting of Ross Millard (vocals and guitar), Barry Hyde (vocals and guitar), David \"Jaff\" Craig (vocals and bass guitar) and Dave Hyde (drums). Their name comes from the title of The Flaming Lips album Hit to Death in the Future Head. The band's influences include new wave and post-punk bands such as Gang of Four, Devo, XTC, Wire and Fugazi.", "Q1443680": "Francisco Anthony \"Frank\" Lorenzo (born May 19, 1940) is an American businessman. He is most famous for his takeover of Eastern Air Lines, and his leadership of Texas International Airlines and its successor holding company Texas Air Corporation between 1972 and 1990, through which he formed or acquired a number of major U.S. airlines including Continental Airlines, Eastern Air Lines, Frontier Airlines, New York Air and People Express Airlines.\nAs an airline manager, he gained a reputation of union busting, stemming from his leadership during the 1983 bankruptcy of Continental that enabled the company to void its union contracts, and during the strike and bankruptcy of Eastern that eventually led to its permanent shutdown in 1991. Lorenzo\u2019s history is contentious, both \"despised by unions and admired by airline strategists.\" In 1990, after Lorenzo liquidated his holdings after 18 years in the airline industry, Alfred E. Kahn, the \"main architect of airline deregulation,\" offered this perspective on Lorenzo\u2019s leadership: \"I don\u2019t think there is any question that he saved Continental, but his tactics obviously didn\u2019t work when he took over Eastern.\"Since 1990, Lorenzo has been chairman of Savoy Capital, Inc., professionally devoted to asset management, private investments and venture capital, as well as a number of philanthropic activities.", "Q4678064": "Ad-Dustour (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u200e, meaning The Constitution) is an Arabic daily newspaper published in Jordan. Its headquarters is in Amman, Jordan.", "Q151510": "Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, (German: Ruprecht-Karls-Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg; Latin: Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis) is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. Founded in 1386 on instruction of Pope Urban VI, Heidelberg is Germany's oldest university and one of the world's oldest surviving universities. It was the third university established in the Holy Roman Empire.Heidelberg has been a coeducational institution since 1899. The university consists of twelve faculties and offers degree programmes at undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral levels in some 100 disciplines. Heidelberg comprises three major campuses: the humanities are predominantly located in Heidelberg's Old Town, the natural sciences and medicine in the Neuenheimer Feld quarter, and the social sciences within the inner-city suburb Bergheim. The language of instruction is usually German, while a considerable number of graduate degrees are offered in English as well as some in French.As of 2017, 29 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the university. Modern scientific psychiatry, psychopharmacology, psychiatric genetics, environmental physics, and modern sociology were introduced as scientific disciplines by Heidelberg faculty. Approximately 1,000 doctorates are completed every year, with more than one third of the doctoral students coming from abroad. International students from some 130 countries account for more than 20 percent of the entire student body.Heidelberg is a German Excellence University, part of the U15, as well as a founding member of the League of European Research Universities and the Coimbra Group. The university's noted alumni include eleven domestic and foreign Heads of State or Heads of Government. In international comparison Heidelberg University occupies top positions in rankings and enjoys a high academic reputation.", "Q908569": "Donald Ray Williams (May 27, 1939 \u2013 September 8, 2017) was an American country singer, songwriter, and 2010 inductee to the Country Music Hall of Fame. He began his solo career in 1971, singing popular ballads and amassing 17 number one country hits. His straightforward yet smooth bass-baritone voice, soft tones, and imposing build earned him the nickname: \"Gentle Giant\" of country music. He was also noted for his \"velvet voice.\"", "Q1386793": "John Austin IV (born September 25, 1973), better known by his stage name Ras Kass, is an American rapper. He returned as a member of the hip hop supergroup The HRSMN along with Canibus, Killah Priest, and Kurupt in 2014. Ras is a member of the group Golden State Warriors with Xzibit and Saafir. Editors of About.com ranked him #30 on their list of the Top 50 MCs of Our Time (1987\u20132007). Pitchfork Media called him \"one of the best rappers of all time.\"", "Q4107399": "Lyudmila Verbitskaya (n\u00e9e, \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430; October 17, 1936 \u2013 November 24, 2019) was a Russian linguist and teacher. She served as president of Saint Petersburg State University.", "Q34414": "Rear Window is a 1954 American Technicolor mystery thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and written by John Michael Hayes based on Cornell Woolrich's 1942 short story \"It Had to Be Murder\". Originally released by Paramount Pictures, the film stars James Stewart, Grace Kelly, Wendell Corey, Thelma Ritter, and Raymond Burr. It was screened at the 1954 Venice Film Festival.\nThe film is considered by many filmgoers, critics, and scholars to be one of Hitchcock's best and one of the greatest films ever made. It received four Academy Award nominations and was ranked number 42 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies list and number 48 on the 10th-anniversary edition, and in 1997 was added to the United States National Film Registry in the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q72441": "Otto-Heinrich Drechsler (1 April 1895 \u2013 5 May 1945) was the General Commissioner of Latvia for the Nazi Germany's occupation regime (Reichskommissariat Ostland) during World War II. In this capacity, he played a role in setting up the Riga ghetto and was implicated in the extermination of the Latvian Jews. He committed suicide on 5 May 1945, after being captured by the British forces.", "Q119568": "Eckart von Hirschhausen (born August 25, 1967 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany) is a German physician, comedian and talk show host.\n\n", "Q1716611": "Simon Philip Nando Collins (born 14 September 1976) is a British-Canadian drummer and former lead vocalist of the progressive rock band Sound of Contact. Collins is the son of English drummer and singer Phil Collins and Collins's first wife, Andrea Bertorelli. He is the brother of actress Joely Collins and half-brother of actress Lily Collins. Reviewers have compared his vocals to those of his father.", "Q432268": "Barbara Tucker (Brooklyn, New York) is an African American house and soul singer, songwriter and choreographer. Her music has influenced mainstream and dance music across the United States and throughout Europe. Tucker had six #1 hits on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart in the 1990s and into the 2000s, and several hits in the UK.", "Q66434": "Andrea Sawatzki (born 23 February 1963) is a German actress. From 2002 to 2010 she starred in the Hessischer Rundfunk version of the popular television crime series Tatort as police inspector Charlotte S\u00e4nger.\nShe also gained some international prominence as a co-actor in the German films Bandits (1997) and Das Experiment (2001).", "Q135082": "Naci T\u0131naz (1882 in Serfi\u00e7e (Servia) \u2013 November 25, 1964 in Istanbul) was an officer of the Ottoman Army and a general of the Turkish Army.", "Q69707": "Baroness Karoline Jagemann von Heygendorff (25 January 1777, in Weimar \u2013 10 July 1848, in Dresden) was a major German tragedienne and singer. Her great roles included Elizabeth in Mary Stuart (1800) and Beatrice in The Bride of Messina (1803). She is also notable as a mistress of Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, the father of her three children. Both she and Karl August had their portraits painted by Heinrich Christoph Kolbe.", "Q103530": "Werner K\u00fcchenthal (13 January 1882 - 20 June 1976) was a German jurist and public official who became a leading politician (DNVP, NSDAP) in what was then the Free State of Brunswick (\"Freistaat Braunschweig\").", "Q50186": "Fran\u00e7ois Couperin (French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa kup\u0281\u025b\u0303]; 10 November 1668 \u2013 11 September 1733) was a French Baroque composer, organist and harpsichordist. He was known as Couperin le Grand (\"Couperin the Great\") to distinguish him from other members of the musically talented Couperin family.", "Q302682": "Oscar is a 1991 American slapstick crime comedy film directed by John Landis. Based on the Claude Magnier stage play, it is a remake of the 1967 French film of the same name, but the setting has been moved to Depression-era New York City and the plot centers on a mob boss trying to go straight. The film stars Sylvester Stallone, Marisa Tomei, Ornella Muti, Tim Curry and Chazz Palminteri, and was a rare attempt by Stallone at doing a comedy role.", "Q152019": "Laura Welch Bush (n\u00e9e Laura Lane Welch; born November 4, 1946) is an American educator who was First Lady of the United States during the presidency of her husband, George W. Bush, from 2001 to 2009. Bush previously served as First Lady of Texas from 1995 to 2000.\nBorn in Midland, Texas, Bush graduated from Southern Methodist University in 1968 with a bachelor's degree in education, and took a job as a second grade teacher. After attaining her master's degree in library science at the University of Texas at Austin, she was employed as a librarian.\nBush met her future husband, George W. Bush, in 1977, and they were married later that year. The couple had twin daughters in 1981. Bush's political involvement began during her marriage. She campaigned with her husband during his unsuccessful 1978 run for the United States Congress, and later for his successful Texas gubernatorial campaign.\nAs First Lady of Texas, Bush implemented many initiatives focused on health, education, and literacy. In 1999\u20132000, she aided her husband in campaigning for the presidency in a number of ways, such as delivering a keynote address at the 2000 Republican National Convention, which gained her national attention. She became First Lady after her husband was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2001.\nPolled by The Gallup Organization as one of the most popular First Ladies, Bush was involved in national and global concerns during her tenure. She continued to advance her trademark interests of education and literacy by establishing the annual National Book Festival in 2001, and encouraged education on a worldwide scale. She also advanced women's causes through The Heart Truth and Susan G. Komen for the Cure organizations. She represented the United States during her foreign trips, which tended to focus on HIV/AIDS and malaria awareness.", "Q229375": "Linda Maria Ronstadt (born July 15, 1946) is a retired American singer who performed and recorded in diverse genres including rock, country, light opera, and Latin. She has earned 10 Grammy Awards, three American Music Awards, two Academy of Country Music awards, an Emmy Award, and an ALMA Award, and many of her albums have been certified gold, platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally. She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award. She was awarded the Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award by The Latin Recording Academy in 2011 and also awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award by The Recording Academy in 2016. She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014. On July 28, 2014, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities. In 2019, she received a star jointly with Dolly Parton and Emmylou Harris on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for their work as the group Trio. Linda Ronstadt was among the five Honorees who received the 2019 Kennedy Center Honors for lifetime artistic achievements, at the annual event on December 8, 2019, in Washington, D.C., at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. \nRonstadt has released over 30 studio albums and 15 compilation or greatest hits albums. She charted 38 US Billboard Hot 100 singles. Twenty-one of those singles reached the top 40, ten reached the top 10, and one reached number one, \"You're No Good\". Her success did not translate to the UK, with only the single \"Blue Bayou\" reaching the UK Top 40. Ronstadt's duet with Aaron Neville, \"Don't Know Much\", peaked at number 2 in December 1989. She has charted 36 albums, ten top-10 albums, and three number 1 albums on the US Billboard Pop Album Chart. \nRonstadt has collaborated with artists in diverse genres, including Bette Midler, Billy Eckstine, Frank Zappa, Carla Bley (Escalator Over the Hill), Rosemary Clooney, Flaco Jim\u00e9nez, Philip Glass, Warren Zevon, Emmylou Harris, Gram Parsons, Dolly Parton, Neil Young, Paul Simon, Earl Scruggs, Johnny Cash, and Nelson Riddle. She has lent her voice to over 120 albums and has sold more than 100 million records, making her one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. Christopher Loudon, of Jazz Times, wrote in 2004 that Ronstadt is \"blessed with arguably the most sterling set of pipes of her generation.\"Ronstadt reduced her activity after 2000 when she felt her singing voice deteriorating, releasing her last full-length album in 2004 and performing her last live concert in 2009. She announced her retirement in 2011 and revealed shortly afterwards that she is no longer able to sing as a result of a degenerative condition later determined to be progressive supranuclear palsy. Since then, Ronstadt has continued to make public appearances, going on a number of public speaking tours in the 2010s. She published an autobiography, Simple Dreams: A Musical Memoir, in September 2013. A documentary based on her memoirs, Linda Ronstadt: The Sound of My Voice, was released in 2019.\n\n", "Q1328508": "Gun control (or firearms regulation) is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of firearms by civilians.\nMost countries have a restrictive firearm guiding policy, with only a few legislations being categorized as permissive. Jurisdictions that regulate access to firearms typically restrict access to only certain categories of firearms and then to restrict the categories of persons who will be granted a license to have access to a firearm. In some countries such as the United States, gun control may be legislated at either a federal level or a local state level.", "Q113723": "F\u00e9lix Pollaczek (1 December 1892 in Vienna \u2013 29 April 1981 at Boulogne-Billancourt) was an Austrian-French engineer and mathematician, known for numerous contributions to number theory, mathematical analysis, mathematical physics and probability theory. He is best known for the Pollaczek\u2013Khinchine formula in queueing theory (1930), and the Pollaczek polynomials.\nPollaczek studied at the Technical University of Vienna, got a M.Sc. in electrical engineering from Technical University of Brno (1920), and his Ph.D. in mathematics from University of Berlin (1922) on a dissertation entitled \u00dcber die Kreisk\u00f6rper der l-ten und l2-ten Einheitswurzeln, advised by Issai Schur and based on results published first in 1917.He was employed by AEG in Berlin (1921\u201323), worked for Reichspost (1923\u201333). In 1933, he was fired because he was Jewish. He moved to Paris, where\nhe was consulting teletraffic engineer to various institutions from 1933 onwards.\nIn 1977 was awarded the John von Neumann Theory Prize, although his age prevented him from receiving the prize in person.\nHe was posthumously elected to the 2002 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.He married mathematician Hilda Geiringer in 1921, and they had a child, Magda, in 1922. However, their marriage did not last, and Magda was brought up by Hilda.", "Q60045": "Albert Speer (; German: [\u02c8\u0283pe\u02d0\u0250\u032f] (listen); March 19, 1905 \u2013 September 1, 1981) served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison.\nAn architect by training, Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1931. His architectural skills made him increasingly prominent within the Party, and he became a member of Hitler's inner circle. Hitler instructed him to design and construct structures including the Reich Chancellery and the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg. In 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for Berlin. In this capacity he was responsible for the Central Department for Resettlement that evicted Jewish tenants from their homes in Berlin. In February 1942, Speer was appointed as Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production. Using doctored statistics, he promoted himself as having performed an \"armaments miracle\" that was widely credited with keeping Germany in the war. In 1944, Speer established a task force to increase production of fighter aircraft. It became instrumental in the exploitation of slave labor for the benefit of the German war effort.\nAfter the war, Speer was among the 24 \"major war criminals\" arrested and charged with the crimes of the Nazi regime at the Nuremberg trials. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor, narrowly avoiding a death sentence. Having served his full term, Speer was released in 1966. He used his writings from the time of imprisonment as the basis for two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. Speer's books were a success; the public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich. Speer died of a stroke in 1981. Little remains of his personal architectural work.\nThrough his autobiographies and interviews, Speer carefully constructed an image of himself as a man who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. He continued to deny explicit knowledge of, and responsibility for, the Holocaust. This image dominated his historiography in the decades following the war, giving rise to the \"Speer Myth\": the perception of him as an apolitical technocrat responsible for revolutionizing the German war machine. The myth began to fall apart in the 1980s, when the armaments miracle was attributed to Nazi propaganda. Adam Tooze wrote in The Wages of Destruction that the idea that Speer was an apolitical technocrat was \"absurd\". Martin Kitchen, writing in Speer: Hitler's Architect, stated that much of the increase in Germany's arms production was actually due to systems instituted by Speer's predecessor (Fritz Todt) and furthermore that Speer was intimately involved in the \"Final Solution\".", "Q951434": "Milo Urban (pseudonyms J\u00e1n Rov\u0148an ml., Podbabjagursk\u00fd) (24 August 1904 in Rab\u010dice, Kingdom of Hungary \u2013 10 March 1982 in Bratislava) was Slovak writer, translator, journalist and important representatives of modern Slovak literature. Urban is controversial figure because he served as an editor-in-chief of an official propagandist magazine of the Hlinka Guard Gardista in the era of the clerofascist Slovak State and was found guilty for collaboration by the court in 1948.", "Q97383": "Joseph Hillebrand (24 August 1788 in Gro\u00dfd\u00fcngen (near Hildesheim) \u2013 25 January 1871 in Bad Soden am Taunus) was a German novelist, philosopher and historian of literature.", "Q606149": "Antonio di Benedetto (2 November 1922 in Mendoza \u2013 10 October 1986 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine novelist, short-story writer and columnist.", "Q87190": "Alfons Fryland (1 May 1888 \u2013 29 November 1953) was an Austrian film actor. He appeared in 47 films between 1921 and 1933. He was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria) and died in Graz, Austria.", "Q65115": "Lostallo is a municipality in the Moesa Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.\n\n", "Q958376": "Lieutenant General Sir William George Shedden Dobbie, (12 July 1879 \u2013 3 October 1964) was a British Army veteran of the Second Boer War and the First and Second World Wars.", "Q23140": "Warwickshire ( (listen); abbreviated Warks) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, and the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare.The county is divided into five districts of North Warwickshire, Nuneaton and Bedworth, Rugby, Warwick and Stratford-on-Avon. \nThe current county boundaries were set in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972. The historic county boundaries include Coventry, Sutton Coldfield and Solihull, as well as much of Birmingham.", "Q742079": "Michael Albert (born April 8, 1947) is an American activist, economist, speaker, and writer. Since the late 1970s, he has been involved with publishing left-wing literature. He is known for helping to develop the socioeconomic theory of participatory economics.", "Q439315": "Jemaine Atea Mahana Clement (born 10 January 1974) is a New Zealand actor, voice actor, musician, comedian, singer, director and writer. With Bret McKenzie, as the Grammy Award-winning comedy duo Flight of the Conchords, he has released several albums and created comedy series for both the BBC and HBO. For the comedy series, he received six Primetime Emmy nominations.\nHe has had featured parts in films such as Men in Black 3 (2012), People Places Things (2015) and Humor Me (2017) and has done voice-work for Despicable Me (2010), Rio (2011), Rio 2 (2014), Moana (2016) and The Lego Batman Movie (2017). In 2014, he made his directorial debut with What We Do in the Shadows, which he also co-wrote and starred in with Taika Waititi.", "Q80827": "Sex is a 1992 coffee table book written by American singer Madonna, with photography by Steven Meisel Studio and Fabien Baron. It was edited by Glenn O'Brien and published by Warner Books, Maverick and Callaway. The book features adult content including softcore pornography and simulations of sexual acts including sadomasochism.\nMadonna developed Sex after Judith Regan of Simon & Schuster publishers suggested a book of erotic photographs. She wrote it as a character named \"Mistress Dita\", inspired by 1930s film actress Dita Parlo. It was influenced by punk rock and fashion figures including Guy Bourdin, Helmut Newton and Robert Mapplethorpe. The photos were shot in early 1992 in New York City and Miami, in locations including hotels, burlesque theaters, and city streets. The book includes cameos by actress Isabella Rossellini, rappers Big Daddy Kane and Vanilla Ice, model Naomi Campbell, gay porn star Joey Stefano, actor Udo Kier, and socialite Princess Tatiana von F\u00fcrstenberg. The cover is made of aluminium, spiral bound and wrapped in a Mylar sheet.\nSex attracted extensive media attention and controversy. Madonna's publishers were apprehensive about the release and the book's commercial potential. Released on October 21, 1992, the day after Madonna's fifth studio album Erotica, it sold over 150,000 copies on its first day, and topped the New York Times Best Seller list. It remains the fastest-selling coffee table book. Erotica was also packaged with the book.\nThough it initially received negative reviews from fans and critics, who felt Madonna had \"gone too far\", later reviews have been more positive, with academics deeming it a defining phase in Madonna's career. Sex is noted for its impact on Madonna's career and is considered a bold post-feminist work. It has become one of the most sought-after out-of-print books.", "Q1711156": "Judith A. Henske (born December 20, 1936 in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin) is an American singer and songwriter, once known as \"the Queen of the Beatniks\".", "Q627187": "Proletarian literature refers here to the literature created by working-class writers mainly for the class-conscious proletariat. Though the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica states that because it \"is essentially an intended device of revolution\", it is therefore often published by the Communist Party or left wing sympathizers, the proletarian novel has also been categorized without any emphasis on revolution, as a novel \"about the working classes and working-class life; perhaps with the intention of making propaganda\". This different emphasis may reflect a difference between Russian, American and other traditions of working-class writing, with that of Britain. The British tradition was not especially inspired by the Communist Party, but had its roots in the Chartist movement, and socialism, amongst others. Furthermore, writing about the British working-class writers, H Gustav Klaus, in The Socialist Novel: Towards the Recovery of a Tradition (1982) suggested that \"the once current [term] 'proletarian' is, internationally, on the retreat, while the competing concepts of 'working-class' and 'socialist' continue to command about equal adherence\".The word proletarian is also used to describe works about the working class by working-class authors, to distinguish them from works by middle-class authors such as Charles Dickens (Hard Times), John Steinbeck (The Grapes of Wrath), and Henry Green (Living). Similarly, though some of poet William Blake's (1757\u20131827) works are early examples of working-class literature, including the two \"The Chimney Sweeper\" poems, published in Songs of Innocence in 1789 and Songs of Experience in 1794, which deal with the subject of child labour, Blake, whose father was a tradesman, was not a proletarian writer.", "Q137865": "Felipe Adolfo de la Huerta Marcor (Spanish pronunciation: [a\u02c8\u00f0olfo \u00f0ela\u02c8we\u027eta]; May 26, 1881 \u2013 July 9, 1955), known as Adolfo de la Huerta, was a Mexican politician, the 45th President of Mexico from June 1 to November 30, 1920, following the overthrow of Mexican president Venustiano Carranza, with Sonoran generals Alvaro Obreg\u00f3n and Plutarco El\u00edas Calles under the Plan of Agua Prieta. He is considered \"an important figure among Constitutionalists during the Mexican Revolution.\"", "Q4453265": "Tver State University (Russian: \u0422\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442) is a university in the city of Tver and one of the largest universities in the Tver Oblast, of which Tver is the administrative center. It has been licensed to conduct activities in the field of vocational education since April 1, 1999. The university has a major research library with more than one million copies. There is active research work, conferences and seminars.", "Q16931982": "Mahinda III was King of Anuradhapura in the 9th century, whose reign lasted from 812 to 816. He succeeded his father Dappula II as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by his brother Aggabodhi VIII.", "Q521228": "Bruce M. Buck (born 1946) is an American lawyer and founding managing partner of the London office of law firm Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom. He is also Chairman of Chelsea Football Club. His practice areas are European mergers and acquisitions, project finance and capital markets.", "Q4932206": "Jurisprudence or legal theory is the theoretical study of law. Scholars of jurisprudence seek to explain the nature of law in its most general form and provide a deeper understanding of legal reasoning, legal systems, legal institutions, and the role of law in society.Modern jurisprudence began in the 18th century and was focused on the first principles of natural law, civil law, and the law of nations. General jurisprudence can be divided into categories both by the type of question scholars seek to answer and by the theories of jurisprudence, or schools of thought, regarding how those questions are best answered. Contemporary philosophy of law, which deals with general jurisprudence, addresses problems internal to law and legal systems and problems of law as a social institution that relates to the larger political and social context in which it exists.This article addresses three distinct branches of thought in general jurisprudence. Ancient natural law is the idea that there are rational objective limits to the power of legislative rulers. The foundations of law are accessible through reason, and it is from these laws of nature that human laws gain whatever force they have. Analytic jurisprudence (Clarificatory jurisprudence) rejects natural law's fusing of what law is and what it ought to be. It espouses the use of a neutral point of view and descriptive language when referring to aspects of legal systems. It encompasses such theories of jurisprudence as \"legal positivism\", which holds that there is no necessary connection between law and morality and that the force of law comes from basic social facts; and \"legal realism\", which argues that the real-world practice of law determines what law is, the law having the force that it does because of what legislators, lawyers, and judges do with it. Normative jurisprudence is concerned with \"evaluative\" theories of law. It deals with what the goal or purpose of law is, or what moral or political theories provide a foundation for the law. It not only addresses the question \"What is law?\", but also tries to determine what the proper function of law should be, or what sorts of acts should be subject to legal sanctions, and what sorts of punishment should be permitted.", "Q1534352": "Ricardo C\u00e9sar Andreu (July 27, 1919 \u2013 May 1, 2012) was an Argentine actor, comedian and musician.\nHe was born in a family of actors. His parents were Antonio Andreu and Isabel Anchart, who were owners of an itinerary theatre company that made tours through the Argentine provinces. When he was 12 years old the tango singer Jos\u00e9 Razzano, brought him to the Broadway theatre where he met Carlos Gardel.", "Q527881": "Miranda Jane Seymour (born 8 August 1948) is an English literary critic, novelist, and biographer. The lives she wrote included those of Robert Graves and Mary Shelley.", "Q710059": "Arthur Johns (October 30, 1889 \u2013 September 4, 1947) was an American sound engineer. He won an Academy Award for Best Special Effects, and was nominated for three more in the same category.\n\n", "Q102606": "Steffen J\u00fcrgens or Steffen C. J\u00fcrgens (born July 27, 1967) is a German actor and film director.", "Q464006": "Allyn Malcolm Ferguson Jr. (October 18, 1924 \u2013 June 23, 2010) was an American composer, whose works include the themes for 1970s television programs Barney Miller and Charlie's Angels (1976-1981), which he co-wrote with Jack Elliott. In its obituary, Variety called him \"among the most prolific composers of TV-movie scores in the past 40 years\".", "Q256589": "Emma Elizabeth Wylie Samuelson MBE (born 28 August 1960), known professionally as Emma Samms, is a British actress and TV host, best known for her role as Holly Sutton on the American daytime soap opera General Hospital and for replacing Pamela Sue Martin as Fallon Carrington Colby on the prime time soap opera Dynasty.", "Q144653": "Zakes Mda ( ), legally Zanemvula Kizito Gatyeni Mda (born 1948) is a South African novelist, poet and playwright and he is the son of politician A. P. Mda. He has won major South African and British literary awards for his novels and plays. He is currently a Patron of the Etisalat Prize for Literature.\n\n", "Q885671": "Earl Buford Ellington (June 27, 1907 \u2013 April 3, 1972) was an American politician who served as Governor of Tennessee from 1959 to 1963, and again from 1967 to 1971. Along with his political ally, Frank G. Clement, he helped lead a political machine that controlled the governor's office for 18 years, from 1953 to 1971. \nEllington was a supporter of President Lyndon B. Johnson; he was appointed in 1965 as the Director of the Office of Emergency Planning during the Johnson Administration.", "Q434631": "Sean Merrett (born November 1, 1978), better known by his stage name Big Kuntry King, is an American rapper from Atlanta, Georgia. He is perhaps best known as a member of Southern hip hop group Pimp $quad Click, along with longtime friend and fellow Atlanta-based rapper T.I.. After signing to T.I.'s Grand Hustle imprint, Big Kuntry King secured a recording contract with Atlantic Records. His debut studio album, My Turn to Eat, was released September 30, 2008. On April 17, 2009, Big Kuntry King signed a record deal with Cash Money Records\nBig Kuntry King is also the founder of his own record label imprint, Bread Box Muzic and had previously founded Ghet-O-Vision Entertainment.", "Q68431": "Bernd Posselt (born June 4, 1956) is a German politician, who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 to 2014, representing the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) and the European People's Party (EPP). He is currently a member of the executive board of the CSU.", "Q1150437": "Victoria University of Wellington (M\u0101ori: Te Herenga Waka) is a university in Wellington, New Zealand. It was established in 1897 by Act of Parliament, and was a constituent college of the University of New Zealand.\nThe university is well known for its programmes in law, the humanities, and some scientific disciplines, and offers a broad range of other courses. Entry to all courses at first year is open, and entry to second year in some programmes (e.g. law, criminology, creative writing, architecture, engineering) is restricted.\nVictoria had the highest average research grade in the New Zealand Government's Performance-Based Research Fund exercise in 2012, having been ranked 4th in 2006 and 3rd in 2003. Victoria has been ranked 215th in the World's Top 500 universities by the QS World University Rankings (2020).[2]", "Q189635": "The Eagles are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1971. The founding members were Glenn Frey (guitars, vocals), Don Henley (drums, vocals), Bernie Leadon (guitars, vocals) and Randy Meisner (bass guitar, vocals). With five number-one singles, six number-one albums, six Grammy Awards, and five American Music Awards, the Eagles were one of the most successful musical acts of the 1970s. Their albums Their Greatest Hits (1971\u20131975) and Hotel California rank first and third, respectively, among the best-selling albums in the United States, with 38 million and 26 million album units in sales. The Eagles are one of the world's best-selling bands, having sold more than 200 million records, including 100 million albums sold in U.S alone. They were ranked number 75 on Rolling Stone's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.Their debut album, Eagles (1972), spawned three top 40 singles: \"Take It Easy\", \"Witchy Woman\", and \"Peaceful Easy Feeling\". Desperado (1973) was less successful, only reaching number 41 on the charts; neither of its singles reached the top 40. However, its songs \"Desperado\" and \"Tequila Sunrise\" became two of the band's most popular tracks. On the Border (1974) added guitarist Don Felder and produced two top 40 singles: \"Already Gone\" and the Eagles' first number one, \"Best of My Love\".\nTheir 1975 album One of These Nights included three top 10 singles: \"One of These Nights\", \"Lyin' Eyes\", and \"Take It to the Limit\", the first hitting the top of the charts. Guitarist and vocalist Joe Walsh also joined the band in 1975, replacing Leadon. The Eagles continued that success and hit their commercial peak in late 1976 with the release of Hotel California, which would go on to sell more than 26 million copies in the U.S. alone and more than 42 million copies worldwide. The album yielded two number-one singles, \"New Kid in Town\" and \"Hotel California\". Meisner left the band in 1977 and was replaced by Timothy B. Schmit. They released their last studio album for nearly 28 years in 1979 with The Long Run, which spawned three top 10 singles: \"Heartache Tonight\", \"The Long Run\", and \"I Can't Tell You Why\", the lead single being another chart-topping hit.\nThe Eagles broke up in July 1980 but reunited in 1994 for the album Hell Freezes Over, a mix of live and new studio tracks. They toured consistently and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998. In 2007, the Eagles released Long Road Out of Eden, their first full studio album in 28 years and their sixth number-one album. The next year they launched the Long Road Out of Eden Tour in support of the album. In 2013, they began the extended History of the Eagles Tour in conjunction with the band's documentary release, History of the Eagles.\nFollowing Frey's death in January 2016 and a one-year hiatus, the Eagles re-formed in 2017, with Deacon Frey and Vince Gill sharing lead vocals for Frey's songs.", "Q2052002": "Stanley Anderson (October 23, 1939 \u2013 June 24, 2018) was an American actor. He is perhaps best known for playing Drew Carey's father on The Drew Carey Show.", "Q181269": "Alen\u00e7on (UK: , US: , French: [al\u0251\u0303s\u0254\u0303] (listen); Norman: Alen\u00e7oun) is a commune in Normandy, France, capital of the Orne department. It is situated 173 kilometres (107 mi) west of Paris. Alen\u00e7on belongs to the intercommunality of Alen\u00e7on (with 52,000 people).\n\n", "Q85": "Cairo ( KY-roh; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u200e, romanized: al-Q\u0101hirah, pronounced [\u00e6l\u02c8q\u0251\u02d0h\u026a\u027e\u0251] (listen)) is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world. Its metropolitan area, with a population of over 20 million, is the largest in Africa, the Arab world, and the Middle East, and the 15th-largest in the world. Cairo is associated with ancient Egypt, as the famous Giza pyramid complex and the ancient city of Memphis are located in its geographical area. Located near the Nile Delta, Cairo was founded in 969 AD by the Fatimid dynasty, but the land composing the present-day city was the site of ancient national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life, and is titled \"the city of a thousand minarets\" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture. Cairo is considered a World City with a \"Beta +\" classification according to GaWC.Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab world, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, Al-Azhar University. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city; the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence.\nWith a population of over 9 million spread over 3,085 square kilometers (1,191 sq mi), Cairo is by far the largest city in Egypt. An additional 9.5 million inhabitants live in close proximity to the city. Cairo, like many other megacities, suffers from high levels of pollution and traffic. The Cairo Metro is one of the only two metro systems in Africa (the other being in Algiers, Algeria), and ranks amongst the fifteen busiest in the world, with over 1 billion annual passenger rides. The economy of Cairo was ranked first in the Middle East in 2005, and 43rd globally on Foreign Policy's 2010 Global Cities Index.", "Q77277": "\"Meibomius\" redirects here. For the German classical scholar and music historian, see Marcus Meibomius. \nHeinrich Meibom (4 December 1555 \u2013 20 September 1625), German historian and poet, was born at Barntrup in Westphalia.\nHe held the chair of history and poetry at Helmstedt from 1583 until his death. He was a writer of Latin verses (Parodiarum horatianarum Libri III et sylvarum Libri II, 1588); and his talents in this direction were recognized by the emperor Rudolph II, who ennobled him; but his claim to be remembered rests on his services in elucidating the medieval history of Germany.\nHis Opuscula historica ad res Germanicus spectantia was edited and published in 1660 by his grandson, Heinrich Meibom (1638\u20131700), who was professor of medicine who wrote 57 medical treaties and then of history and poetry at Helmstedt, and incorporated his grandfather's work with his own Rerum germanicarum scriptures (1688).", "Q335760": "Robert Maurice Lipson Winston, Baron Winston (born 15 July 1940) is a British professor, medical doctor, scientist, television presenter and Labour Party politician.", "Q271888": "Melissa Manchester (born February 15, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. Since the 1970s, her songs have been carried by adult contemporary radio stations. She has also appeared on television, in films, and on stage.", "Q8046992": "Dr. Yajaira Sierra-Sastre (born 1977) is a Puerto Rican nanotechnology scientist, educator, mentor and aspiring astronaut. She is part of a six-person crew, and the only Hispanic, selected to participate in a four-month-long, Mars analog mission funded by NASA. Sierra-Sastre aspires to become the first Puerto Rican woman to travel to outer space.", "Q189153": "Saint-Cloud (French pronunciation: \u200b[s\u025b\u0303 klu]) is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 9.6 kilometres (6.0 miles) from the centre of Paris. Like other communes of Hauts-de-Seine such as Marnes-la-Coquette, Neuilly-sur-Seine or Vaucresson, Saint-Cloud is one of the wealthiest towns in France, ranked second in average household income among communities with 10- to 50-thousand tax households. In 2006, it had a population of 29,981.", "Q1356954": "Gustave-Adolphe Hirn (August 21, 1815 \u2013 January 14, 1890) was a French physicist, astronomer. mathematician and engineer who made important measurements of the mechanical equivalent of heat and contributions to the early development of thermodynamics. He further applied his science in the practical development of steam engines.", "Q228725": "Cynthia Ellen Nixon (born April 9, 1966) is an American actress and activist. For her portrayal of Miranda Hobbes in the HBO series Sex and the City (1998\u20132004), she won the 2004 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She reprised the role in the films Sex and the City (2008) and Sex and the City 2 (2010). Her other film credits include Amadeus (1984), James White (2015), and playing Emily Dickinson in A Quiet Passion (2016).\nNixon made her Broadway debut in the 1980 revival of The Philadelphia Story. Her other Broadway credits include The Real Thing (1983), Hurlyburly (1983), Indiscretions (1995), The Women (2001), and Wit (2012). She won the 2006 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for Rabbit Hole, the 2008 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, the 2009 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for An Inconvenient Truth, and the 2017 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for The Little Foxes. Her other television roles include playing political figures Eleanor Roosevelt in Warm Springs (2005), Michele Davis in Too Big to Fail (2011), and playing Nancy Reagan in the 2016 television film Killing Reagan.\nOn March 19, 2018, Nixon announced her campaign for Governor of New York as a challenger to Democratic incumbent Andrew Cuomo. Her platform focused on income inequality, renewable energy, establishing universal health care, stopping mass incarceration in the United States, and protecting undocumented children from deportation. She lost in the Democratic primary to Cuomo on September 13, 2018, with 34% of the vote to his 66%. Nixon was nominated as the gubernatorial candidate for the Working Families Party; the Party threw its support to Cuomo after Nixon lost in the Democratic primary.\nNixon has been an advocate for LGBT rights in the United States, particularly the right of same-sex marriage. She met her wife at a 2002 gay rights rally, and announced her engagement at a rally for New York marriage equality in 2009. She received the Yale University Artist for Equality award in 2013 and a Visibility Award from the Human Rights Campaign in 2018.", "Q71606": "Georg Fabricius (23 April 1516 \u2013 17 July 1571), born Georg Goldschmidt, was a Protestant German poet, historian and archaeologist who wrote in Latin on age of German Renaissance.", "Q216813": "Ryszard Kapu\u015bci\u0144ski (Polish: [\u02c8r\u0268\u0282art kapu\u0255\u02c8t\u0361\u0255ij\u0303sk\u02b2i] (listen); March 4, 1932 \u2013 January 23, 2007) was a Polish journalist, photographer, poet and author. He received many awards and was considered a candidate for the Nobel Prize for Literature. Kapu\u015bci\u0144ski's personal journals in book form attracted both controversy and admiration for blurring the conventions of reportage with the allegory and magical realism of literature. He was the Communist-era Polish Press Agency's only correspondent in Africa during decolonization, and also worked in South America and Asia. Between 1956 and 1981 he reported on 27 revolutions and coups, until he was fired because of his support for the pro-democracy Solidarity movement in his native country. He was celebrated by other practitioners of the genre. The acclaimed Italian reportage-writer Tiziano Terzani, Colombian writer Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez, and Chilean writer Luis Sep\u00falveda having accorded him the title \"Maestro\".Notable works include Jeszcze dzie\u0144 \u017cycia (1976; Another Day of Life), about Angola; Cesarz (1978; The Emperor, 1983), about the downfall of Ethiopian ruler Haile Selassie, also considered to be a satire of Communist Poland; Wojna futbolowa (1978; The Soccer War, 1991), an account of the 1969 conflict between Honduras and El Salvador, and other stories from the life of the reporter in Africa and Latin America; Szachinszach (1982; Shah of Shahs, 2006) about the downfall of the last Shah of Persia; Imperium (1993) an account of his travels through the collapsing Soviet Union; Heban (1998; The Shadow of the Sun, 2001), the story of his years in Africa, and Podr\u00f3\u017ce z Herodotem (2004; Travels with Herodotus), in which he ponders over relevance of The Histories by Herodotus to a modern reporter's job.", "Q435249": "Annette Haven (born December 1, 1954) is an American former pornographic actress popular during the 1970s and 1980s.", "Q380865": "Sir David Paradine Frost (7 April 1939 \u2013 31 August 2013) was an English television host, media personality, journalist, comedian, and writer. He graduated from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and rose to prominence during the satire boom in the United Kingdom when he was chosen to host the satirical programme That Was the Week That Was in 1962. His success on this show led to work as a host on American television. He became known for his television interviews with senior political figures, among them the Nixon interviews with President Richard Nixon in 1977 which were adapted into a stage play and film. He interviewed all eight British prime ministers serving between 1964 and 2016, and all seven American presidents in office between 1969 and 2008.Frost was one of the people behind the launch of ITV station TV-am in 1983. He hosted the Sunday morning interview programme Breakfast with Frost for the BBC from 1993 to 2005. He spent two decades as host of Through the Keyhole. From 2006 to 2012, he hosted the weekly programme Frost Over the World on Al Jazeera English, and the weekly programme The Frost Interview from 2012. He received the BAFTA Fellowship from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 2005 and the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Emmy Awards in 2009.\nFrost died on 31 August 2013 at age 74 on board the cruise ship MS Queen Elizabeth where he had been engaged as a speaker. His memorial stone was unveiled in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey in March 2014.", "Q539301": "Fran\u00e7ois-Beno\u00eet Hoffman (11 July 1760 \u2013 25 April 1828) was a French playwright and critic, best known today for his operatic librettos, including those set to music by \u00c9tienne M\u00e9hul and Luigi Cherubini (most notably Cherubini's M\u00e9d\u00e9e, 1797).", "Q362638": "Alberto Felipe Fuguet de Goyeneche (pronounced [al\u02c8\u03b2e\u027eto fu\u02c8\u0263et]; born March 7, 1963) is a Chilean author, journalist, film critic and film director who rose to critical prominence in the 1990s as part of the movement known as the New Chilean Narrative. Although he was born in Santiago, he spent his first 13 years of life in Encino, California. He was among the fifty Latin American leaders selected by Time Magazine and CNN in 1999, and he appeared on the front page of Newsweek Magazine in 2002.", "Q432526": "\"The Sugar Land Express\" also was the nickname of the American football player Ken Hall.The Sugarland Express is a 1974 American crime drama film co-written and directed by Steven Spielberg in his theatrical feature directorial debut. It stars Goldie Hawn, Ben Johnson, William Atherton, and Michael Sacks.\nIt is about a husband and wife trying to outrun the law and was based on a real-life incident. In the movie, a woman and her husband take a police officer hostage and flee across the United States, as they try to get to their child before he is placed in foster care. The event partially took place, the story is partially set, and the movie was partially filmed in Sugar Land, Texas. Other scenes for the film were filmed in San Antonio, Live Oak, Floresville, Pleasanton, Converse and Del Rio, Texas.The Sugarland Express marks the first collaboration between Spielberg and composer John Williams. Williams has scored all but five of Spielberg-directed films since (Twilight Zone: The Movie, The Color Purple, Bridge of Spies, Ready Player One and West Side Story being the only exceptions); this is the only score he has composed for Spielberg that has never been released as an album, although Williams re-recorded the main theme with Toots Thielemans and the Boston Pops Orchestra for 1991's The Spielberg/Williams Collaboration.", "Q76169": "Werner Goldberg (October 3, 1919 \u2013 September 28, 2004) was a German who was of half Jewish ancestry, or Mischling in Nazi terminology, who served briefly as a soldier during World War II. His image appeared in the Berliner Tageblatt as \"The Ideal German Soldier\", and was later used in recruitment posters for the Wehrmacht.", "Q271650": "Mar\u00eda Cristina Rota Fern\u00e1ndez (La Plata, 1945) is an Argentine-Spanish actress, producer and drama teacher settled in Spain.\nWith actor Diego Fernando Botto she had actor Juan Diego and actress Mar\u00eda Botto, she also had another daughter, the actress Nur Al Levi, with another partner. \nMany famous Spanish actors studied interpretation in her school: Malena and Ernesto Alterio, Guillermo Toledo, Alberto San Juan, Nathalie Poza, Andr\u00e9s Lima, Luis Bermejo, Pen\u00e9lope Cruz, Fernando Tejero, Roberto \u00c1lamo, Eduardo Noriega, and others.", "Q50810": "Johann Justus Georg Gustav von Rauch (1 April 1774, in Braunschweig \u2013 2 April 1841, in Berlin) was a Prussian general of the infantry and Minister of War from 1837 to 1841. As a close collaborator of General Gerhard von Scharnhorst, he belonged to the circle of Prussian army reformers. He was associated with the reform of the military education system, the further development of the Prussian fortifications and the reorganization of the engineering and pioneering systems. Rauch furthered the development of the Prussian Navy and had the first medical companies set up in the Prussian army. He was chief of staff from 1812\u20131813 and Inspector General of all fortresses and Chief of the Corps of Engineers from 1814\u20131837. He became the 16th honorary citizen of Berlin. His daughter Rosalie Gr\u00e4fin von Hohenau, n\u00e9e von Rauch, married Prince Albert of Prussia as second, morganatic, wife in 1850.", "Q467269": "Cheltenham College is a co-educational independent school, located in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England. One of the public schools of the Victorian period, it was opened in July 1841. A Church of England foundation, it is well known for its classical, military and sporting traditions, and currently has approximately 640 pupils.", "Q23626": "Albert Ho Chun-yan (Chinese: \u4f55\u4fca\u4ec1; born 1 December 1951) is a solicitor and politician in Hong Kong. He is the current chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China and former chairman of the Democratic Party from 2006 to 2012. He is a solicitor and a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong for District Council (Second) constituency.", "Q91094": "Stefan Schmitt (September 19, 1963 \u2013 April 14, 2010) was a German jurist and politician. \nSchmitt was born in Berlin. He was a member of the SDP. Schmitt died of leukemia.", "Q3634593": "Barbara Berlusconi (born 30 July 1984) is one of the daughters of Silvio Berlusconi. She is a business executive, advisor to the board of Fininvest and previously sat on the board of directors of A.C. Milan as vice-chairman and CEO.", "Q225201": "Alcimus Ecdicius Avitus (c. 450 \u2013 February 5, 517/518 or 519) was a Latin poet and bishop of Vienne in Gaul. His fame rests in part on his poetry, but also on the role he played as secretary for the Burgundian kings.\nAvitus was born of a prominent Gallo-Roman senatorial family related to Emperor Avitus.", "Q96923": "Volker Kriegel (24 December 1943 \u2013 15 June 2003) was a German jazz guitarist and founding member of the United Jazz + Rock Ensemble.", "Q2095549": "An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its directional flight controls. Some other aircrew members, such as navigators or flight engineers, are also considered aviators, because they are involved in operating the aircraft's navigation and engine systems. Other aircrew members, such as flight attendants, mechanics and ground crew, are not classified as aviators.\nIn recognition of the pilots' qualifications and responsibilities, most militaries and many airlines worldwide award aviator badges to their pilots.", "Q1811215": "Juan Pe\u00f1a Fern\u00e1ndez (8 August 1941 \u2013 13 July 2016), also known as Juan Pe\u00f1a \"El Lebrijano\" or simply El Lebrijano, was a Spanish Gitano (Roma) musician.", "Q107018": "Christian Schmidt (born 26 August 1957 in Obernzenn) is a German politician of the centre-right Christian Social Union (CSU).\nSchmidt served as Minister of Food and Agriculture from 2014 until 2018. He was Parliamentary State Secretary in the German Federal Ministry of Defence from 2005 to 2013 and Parliamentary State Secretary in the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development from December 2013 until February 2014.", "Q4670376": "Abu Taher Miah (c. 1932 \u2013 23 September 2004) was an industrialist and politician in Bangladesh. Miah was a founding member, Sponsor Director, and Chairman of the first private bank in Bangladesh fully owned by Bangladeshi entrepreneurs, National Bank Ltd, and a chairman and managing director of Orion Ltd, Universal Machinery Pvt Ltd, and Mohammad Basir & Co Pvt. He was also a social worker and philanthropist. He served in the Jatiya Sangsad, the national parliament of Bangladesh, as a Bangladesh Nationalist Party member for Comilla-7 (Barura).\n\n", "Q978918": "Robert Adam Mosbacher Sr. (March 11, 1927 \u2013 January 24, 2010) was an American businessman, accomplished yacht racer, and a Republican politician.\n\n", "Q170284": "Finns or Finnish people (Finnish: suomalaiset) are a Baltic Finnic ethnic group native to Finland.Finns are traditionally divided into smaller regional groups that span several countries adjacent to Finland, both those who are native to these countries as well as those who have resettled. Also, some of these may be classified as separate ethnic groups, rather than subgroups of Finns. These include the Kvens and Forest Finns in Norway, the Tornedalians in Sweden, and the Ingrian Finns in Russia.\nFinnish, the language spoken by Finns, is closely related to other Balto-Finnic languages, e.g. Estonian and Karelian. The Finnic languages are a subgroup of the larger Uralic family of languages, which also includes Hungarian. These languages are markedly different from most other languages spoken in Europe, which belong to the Indo-European family of languages. Native Finns can also be divided according to dialect into subgroups sometimes called heimo (lit. tribe), although such divisions have become less important due to internal migration.\nToday, there are approximately 6\u20137 million ethnic Finns and their descendants worldwide, with majority of them living in their native Finland and the surrounding countries, namely Sweden, Russia and Norway. An overseas Finnish diaspora has long been established in the countries of the Americas and Oceania, with the population of primarily immigrant background, namely Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Brazil and the United States.", "Q651763": "Pierre Assouline (born 17 April 1953) is a French writer and journalist. He was born in Casablanca, Morocco to a Jewish family. He has published several novels and biographies, and also contributes articles for the print media and broadcasts for radio.\nAs a biographer, he has covered a diverse and eclectic range of subjects, including:\n\nHenri Cartier-Bresson, the legendary photographer\nMarcel Dassault, the aeronautics pioneer\nGaston Gallimard, the publisher\nHerg\u00e9, the creator of The Adventures of Tintin\nDaniel-Henry Kahnweiler, the art dealer\nGeorges Simenon, the detective novelist and creator of Inspector MaigretSeveral of these books have been translated into English and the Henri Cartier-Bresson biography has been translated into Chinese.\nAs a journalist, Assouline has worked for the leading French publications Lire and Le Nouvel Observateur. He also publishes a blog, \u201cLa r\u00e9publique des livres.\u201d\n\nWikipediaAssouline was the editor of La R\u00e9volution Wikip\u00e9dia, a collection of essays by postgraduate journalism students under his supervision. Assouline contributed the preface.On 7 January 2007, Assouline published a blog post criticizing the Wikipedia entry on the Dreyfus Affair.\n\n", "Q64579": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Gru\u0161a (10 November 1938, in Pardubice \u2013 28 October 2011, in Bad Oeynhausen) was a Czech poet, novelist, translator, diplomat and politician.", "Q289841": "You, Me, and Dupree is a 2006 American comedy film directed by Anthony Russo and Joe Russo and written by Mike LeSieur. It stars Owen Wilson, Kate Hudson, Matt Dillon, Seth Rogen, Amanda Detmer, Todd Stashwick, and Michael Douglas.\nThe film revolves around newlyweds Carl and Molly Peterson (Dillon and Hudson). After Carl's best man and friend Randolph Dupree (Wilson) loses his job and home, the couple allow him to move in but Dupree overstays his welcome.", "Q100763": "Gerold Tietz (November 11, 1941, in Horka near Dauba), northern Bohemia/Sudetenland \u2013 July 24, 2009, in Esslingen, Germany) was a German author.", "Q167920": "The Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts (Swedish: Kungliga Akademien f\u00f6r de fria konsterna), commonly called the Royal Academy, is located in Stockholm, Sweden. An independent organization that promotes the development of painting, sculpture, architecture, and other fine arts, it is one of several Swedish Royal Academies. The Royal Institute of Art, an art school that was once an integral part of the Academy, was broken out in 1978 as an independent entity directly under the supervision of the Ministry of Education.", "Q735583": "Ylivieska is a town and municipality of Northern Ostrobothnia region, Finland. It has a population of 15,219 (31 January 2019), and it serves as the administrative centre for Kalajokilaakso and Pyh\u00e4jokilaakso, an area with about 90,000 inhabitants.\nYlivieska is also the commercial center of the Oulu South region, the southern part of the late Oulu province.\nThe closest cities near Ylivieska are Oulu (130 km or 81 mi), Vaasa (199 km or 124 mi) and Kokkola (79 km or 49 mi), the neighbouring municipalities are Oulainen, Haapavesi, Nivala, Sievi, Kalajoki, Alavieska and Merij\u00e4rvi.\nThe municipality is unilingually Finnish.", "Q267026": "Yu Nan (Chinese: \u4f59\u7537; born 5 September 1978) is a Chinese actress. Born in Dalian, Yu Nan studied at the Beijing Film Academy, where she graduated in 1999.", "Q83484": "Antonio Rodolfo Quinn Oaxaca (April 21, 1915 \u2013 June 3, 2001), known professionally as Anthony Quinn, was a Mexican-American actor, painter, writer and film director. He starred in numerous critically acclaimed movies, including La Strada, The Guns of Navarone, Zorba the Greek, Guns for San Sebastian, Lawrence of Arabia, The Shoes of the Fisherman, The Message, Lion of the Desert, Last Action Hero and A Walk in the Clouds.\nQuinn won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor twice: for Viva Zapata! in 1952 and Lust for Life in 1956. In addition, he received two Academy Award nominations in the Best Leading Actor category, along with five Golden Globe nominations. In 1987, he was presented with the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Lifetime Achievement Award.", "Q91": "Abraham Lincoln (; February 12, 1809 \u2013 April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States (1861\u20131865). Lincoln led the nation through its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis in the American Civil War. He preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the U.S. economy.\nLincoln was born in poverty in a log cabin and was raised on the frontier primarily in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. Congressman from Illinois. In 1849 he returned to his law practice but became vexed by the opening of additional lands to slavery as a result of the Kansas\u2013Nebraska Act. He reentered politics in 1854, becoming a leader in the new Republican Party, and he reached a national audience in the 1858 debates against Stephen Douglas. Lincoln ran for President in 1860, sweeping the North in victory. Pro-slavery elements in the South equated his success with the North's rejection of their right to practice slavery, and southern states began seceding from the union. To secure its independence, the new Confederate States of America fired on Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in the South, and Lincoln called up forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the Union.\nAs the leader of moderate Republicans, Lincoln stood in the center of the factions with friends and opponents on both sides. War Democrats rallied a large faction of former opponents into his moderate camp, but they were countered by Radical Republicans, who demanded harsh treatment of the Southern traitors. Anti-war Democrats (called \"Copperheads\") despised him. There were irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements who plotted his assassination. Lincoln managed the factions by pitting them against each other, by carefully distributing political patronage, and by appealing to the American people. His Gettysburg Address became a historic clarion call for nationalism, republicanism, equal rights, liberty, and democracy. Lincoln scrutinized the strategy and tactics in the war effort, including the selection of generals and the naval blockade of the South's trade. He suspended habeas corpus, and he averted British intervention by defusing the Trent Affair. He engineered the end to slavery with his Emancipation Proclamation and his order that the Army protect escaped slaves. He also encouraged border states to outlaw slavery, and promoted the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which outlawed slavery across the country.\nLincoln managed his own successful re-election campaign. He sought to reconcile the war-torn nation by exonerating the secessionists. On April 14, 1865, just days after the war's end at Appomattox, he was enjoying a night at the theatre with his wife Mary when he was assassinated by Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln's marriage had produced four sons, two of whom preceded him in death, with severe emotional impact upon him and Mary. Lincoln is remembered as the United States' martyr hero, and he is consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as the greatest U.S. president.", "Q520644": "Kevin William Gallacher (born 23 November 1966) is a Scottish professional football player and pundit. Gallacher played as a striker from 1983 until 2002, notably in the Premier League with Blackburn Rovers where he was part of the title winning side in 1994/95.\nGallacher started his career in his native land with Dundee United and went on to also play in the English top flight for Coventry City and Newcastle United, as well as in the Football League for Preston North End, Sheffield Wednesday and Huddersfield Town. He made 53 appearances for Scotland, scoring 9 goals.", "Q58280": "Didier Burkhalter (born 17 April 1960 in Neuch\u00e2tel) is a former Swiss politician.\nBurkhalter is a member of FDP.The Liberals. He was elected as a member of the Swiss Federal Council on 16 September 2009. He succeeded Pascal Couchepin on 1 November 2009 when he became head of the Federal Department of Home Affairs (the Swiss interior minister). From 1 January 2012 to 31 October 2017, he served as head of the Department of Foreign Affairs. In 2014 he was President of the Swiss Confederation. He served as Chairman-in-Office of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in 2014. He left the Federal Council on 31 October 2017.", "Q173955": "Crossing Over is a 2009 American crime drama film written and directed by Wayne Kramer. It follows illegal immigrants of different nationalities struggling to achieve legal status in Los Angeles: dealing with the border, document fraud and extortion, the asylum and green card process, work-site enforcement, naturalization, the office of counter-terrorism, and the clash of cultures. The film is based on Kramer's similarly titled 1995 short film. He produced the film alongside Frank Marshall.", "Q314962": "Mado is a 1976 French drama film directed by Claude Sautet.", "Q31236": "Reinhard Hans B\u00fctikofer (born 26 January 1953) is a German politician who has been member of the European Parliament since 2009. He is a member of the Alliance 90/The Greens, part of the European Green Party. He was from 8 December 2002 till 16 November 2008 party leader, together with Claudia Roth. In November 2012 B\u00fctikofer was chosen co-spokesperson for the European Green Party.", "Q63134381": "The Khwarazmian dynasty (English: ) was a Persianate Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin. The dynasty ruled large parts of Central Asia and Iran in the approximate period of 1077 to 1231, first as vassals of the Seljuqs and the Qara-Khitan, and later as independent rulers, up until the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia in the 13th century. It's estimated that the dynasty spanned over an area from 2.3 to 3.6 million square kilometers.\nThe dynasty was founded by commander Anush Tigin Gharchai, a former Turkic slave of the Seljuq sultans, who was appointed as governor of Khwarezm. His son, Qutb ad-Din Muhammad I, became the first hereditary Shah of Khwarezm. Anush Tigin may belong to the Begdili tribe of Oghuz Turks or to either Khalaj, Qipchaq or Cigil Turks.", "Q172493": "Samuel \"Sam\" Tingle (24 August 1921 in Manchester, United Kingdom \u2013 19 December 2008 in Somerset West, South Africa) was a racing driver from Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe. He participated in five Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 28 December 1963, but never scored any championship points. He also competed in several non-Championship Formula One races.He was one of only two drivers from Rhodesia to successfully enter a Formula One race, the other being John Love. A third Rhodesian racer, Clive Puzey, failed to qualify in his Formula One attempt.", "Q48093": "Nikolai Alexandrovich Bulganin (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0438\u043d; 30 May [O.S. 17 May] 1895 \u2013 24 February 1975) was a Soviet politician who served as Minister of Defense (1953\u20131955) and Premier of the Soviet Union (1955\u20131958) under Nikita Khrushchev, following service in the Red Army and as defence minister under Joseph Stalin.", "Q697888": "Renato Salvatori (20 March 1933 \u2013 27 March 1988) was an Italian multi-purpose character actor.\nHe was born in Seravezza, Province of Lucca.\nSalvatori acting career began as a teenager playing juvenile romantic roles. After working with a series of major directors, including Luchino Visconti, Roberto Rossellini and Vittorio De Sica, in the 1960s, he developed into one of Italy's strongest characters actors in grim and realistic drama.\nHe met French actress Annie Girardot on the set of the 1960 movie Rocco and His Brothers and married her on 6 January 1962. In sharp contrast to their off-camera relationship, in the movie Salvatori played a boxer-turned-thug who viciously rapes Annie, who played a prostitute. They had a daughter, Giulia; later they separated but never divorced.\nSalvatori died in Rome of cirrhosis of the liver.", "Q708164": "Leonard Patrick O'Connor Wibberley (9 April 1915 \u2013 22 November 1983), who also published under the name Patrick O'Connor, among others, was a prolific and versatile Irish author who spent most of his life in the United States. Wibberley, who published more than 100 books, is perhaps best known for five satirical novels about an imaginary country Grand Fenwick, particularly The Mouse That Roared (1955).Wibberley's adult and juvenile publications cut across the categories of fictional novels, history, and biography. He also wrote short stories (several published in The Saturday Evening Post), plays and long verse poems. Some of his books are in series. Besides the 'Mouse' series, as Leonard Holton, he created the eleven-novel 'Father Bredder' mystery series (basis of a television series, Sarge) about \"a major figure in the clerical crime drama\". Among his more than 50 juvenile books are (with Farrar, Straus and Giroux), a seven-volume 'Treegate' series of historical fiction and a four-volume life of Thomas Jefferson. As Patrick O'Connor, he wrote the Black Tiger series on auto racing, for young adults. Wibberley is also classified as a science fiction writer.\nThroughout the decades, scenes and senses of the sea play important parts in both Wibberley's fiction and nonfiction. Three of his novels have been made into movies: The Mouse That Roared (1959), The Mouse on the Moon (1963), and The Hands of Cormac Joyce (1972).", "Q102174": "Hermann Liebmann (August 18, 1882 \u2013 September 6, 1935) was a German politician from the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He died shortly after his release from a Nazi concentration camp as a result of abuse received while imprisoned.", "Q924901": "Raghu Rai (born 1942) is an Indian photographer and photojournalist. He was a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Henri Cartier-Bresson, who appointed Rai, then a young photojournalist, to Magnum Photos in 1977.\nRai became a photographer in 1965, and a year later joined the staff of The Statesman, a New Delhi publication. In 1976, he left the paper and became a freelance photographer. From 1982 until 1992, Rai was the director of photography for India Today. He has served on the jury for World Press Photo from 1990 to 1997. He is known for his books, Raghu Rai's India: Reflections in Colour and Reflections in Black and White.", "Q154332": "Alcuin of York (; Latin: Flaccus Albinus Alcuinus; c. 735 \u2013 19 May 804 AD) \u2013 also called Ealhwine, Alhwin or Alchoin \u2013 was an English scholar, clergyman, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student of Archbishop Ecgbert at York. At the invitation of Charlemagne, he became a leading scholar and teacher at the Carolingian court, where he remained a figure in the 780s and '90s. During this period he invented Carolingian minuscule, an easily read manuscript hand using a mixture of upper and lower case letters.Alcuin wrote many theological and dogmatic treatises, as well as a few grammatical works and a number of poems. He was made Abbot of Tours in 796, where he remained until his death. \"The most learned man anywhere to be found\", according to Einhard's Life of Charlemagne (ca. 817-833), he is considered among the most important architects of the Carolingian Renaissance. Among his pupils were many of the dominant intellectuals of the Carolingian era.", "Q1640319": "Experimental music is a general label for any music that pushes existing boundaries and genre definitions (Anon. & n.d.(c)). Experimental compositional practice is defined broadly by exploratory sensibilities radically opposed to, and questioning of, institutionalized compositional, performing, and aesthetic conventions in music (Sun 2013). Elements of experimental music include indeterminate music, in which the composer introduces the elements of chance or unpredictability with regard to either the composition or its performance. Artists may also approach a hybrid of disparate styles or incorporate unorthodox and unique elements (Anon. & n.d.(c)).\nThe practice became prominent in the mid-20th century, particularly in Europe and North America. John Cage was one of the earliest composers to use the term and one of experimental music's primary innovators, utilizing indeterminacy techniques and seeking unknown outcomes. In France, as early as 1953, Pierre Schaeffer had begun using the term musique exp\u00e9rimentale to describe compositional activities that incorporated tape music, musique concr\u00e8te, and elektronische Musik. Also, in America, a quite distinct sense of the term was used in the late 1950s to describe computer-controlled composition associated with composers such as Lejaren Hiller. Harry Partch as well as Ivor Darreg worked with other tuning scales based on the physical laws for harmonic music. For this music they both developed a group of experimental musical instruments. Musique concr\u00e8te (French; literally, \"concrete music\"), is a form of electroacoustic music that utilises acousmatic sound as a compositional resource. Free improvisation or free music is improvised music without any rules beyond the taste or inclination of the musician(s) involved; in many cases the musicians make an active effort to avoid clich\u00e9s, i.e. overt references to recognizable musical conventions or genres.", "Q95580": "Martin Semmelrogge (born 8 December 1955) is a German actor, best known for his role as the comical Second Watch Officer in the film Das Boot. His character was based on the real life World War II submarine officer Werner Herrmann. \nSemmelrogge is the brother of former actor Joachim Bernhard, who appeared in Das Boot as the religious sailor.\nLike many of his Das Boot co-stars, Semmelrogge went on to have a successful career in the German cinema.", "Q154454": "NSYNC (, ; also stylized as *NSYNC or 'N Sync) was an American boy band formed in Orlando, Florida, in 1995 and launched in Germany by BMG Ariola Munich. NSYNC consisted of Justin Timberlake, JC Chasez, Chris Kirkpatrick, Joey Fatone, and Lance Bass. Their self-titled debut album was successfully released to European countries in 1997, and later debuted in the US market with the single \"I Want You Back\".\nAfter heavily publicized legal battles with their former manager Lou Pearlman and former record label Bertelsmann Music Group, the group's second album, No Strings Attached (2000), sold over one million copies in one day and 2.42 million copies in one week, which was a record for over fifteen years. NSYNC's first two studio albums were both certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Celebrity (2001) debuted with 1.8 million copies in its first week in the US. Singles such as \"Bye Bye Bye\", \"This I Promise You\", \"Girlfriend\", \"Pop\" and \"It's Gonna Be Me\" reached the top 10 in several international charts, with the last being a US Billboard Hot 100 number one. In addition to a host of Grammy Award nominations, NSYNC has performed at the World Series, the Super Bowl and the Olympic Games, and sang or recorded with Elton John, Stevie Wonder, Michael Jackson, Janet Jackson, Britney Spears, Phil Collins, Celine Dion, Aerosmith, Nelly, Left Eye, Mary J. Blige, country music supergroup Alabama, and Gloria Estefan. The group has received eight Grammy Award nominations.\nNSYNC last recorded new material in 2002. The five members have reunited a couple of times, including at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards and to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The band completed five nationwide concert tours and has sold between 50 and 70 million records, becoming the fifth-best-selling boy band in history. Rolling Stone recognized their instant success as one of the Top 25 Teen Idol Breakout Moments of all time. Justin Timberlake went on to become a ten-time Grammy Award winner throughout his solo career.", "Q66408": "Christine Maria Kaufmann (11 January 1945 \u2013 28 March 2017) was a German-Austrian actress, author, and businesswoman. The daughter of a German father and a French mother, she won the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year \u2013 Actress for Town Without Pity in 1961, the first German to be so honoured.", "Q893007": "Booker T. & the M.G.'s are an American instrumental R&B/funk band that was influential in shaping the sound of Southern soul and Memphis soul. The original members of the group were Booker T. Jones (organ, piano), Steve Cropper (guitar), Lewie Steinberg (bass), and Al Jackson Jr. (drums). In the 1960s, as members of the house band of Stax Records, they played on hundreds of recordings by artists including Wilson Pickett, Otis Redding, Bill Withers, Sam & Dave, Carla Thomas, Rufus Thomas, Johnnie Taylor and Albert King. They also released instrumental records under their own name, including the 1962 hit single \"Green Onions\". As originators of the unique Stax sound, the group was one of the most prolific, respected, and imitated of its era. By the mid-1960s, bands on both sides of the Atlantic were trying to sound like Booker T. & the M.G.'s.In 1965, Steinberg was replaced by Donald \"Duck\" Dunn, who played with the group until his death in 2012. Al Jackson Jr. was murdered in 1975, after which Dunn, Cropper and Jones reunited on numerous occasions using various drummers, including Willie Hall, Anton Fig, Steve Jordan and Steve Potts.The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992, the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee in 2008, the Memphis Music Hall of Fame in 2012, and the Blues Hall of Fame in 2019.Having two white members (Cropper and Steinberg, later Dunn) and two black members (Jones and Jackson Jr.), Booker T. & the M.G.'s was one of the first racially integrated rock groups, at a time when soul music and the Memphis music scene in particular were generally considered the preserve of black culture.", "Q94846": "Vlade Divac (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0414\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446, pronounced [\u028bl\u01ce\u02d0de d\u01d0\u02d0\u028bats]; born February 3, 1968) is a Serbian professional basketball executive and former player who is the vice president of basketball operations and general manager of the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA).\nDivac spent most of his playing career in the NBA. At 7 ft 1 in (2.16 m), he played center and was known for his passing skills. He was among the first group of European basketball players to transfer to the NBA in the late 1980s and was named one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors. He is one of seven players in NBA history to record 13,000 points, 9,000 rebounds, 3,000 assists, and 1,500 blocked shots, along with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Tim Duncan, Shaquille O'Neal, Kevin Garnett, Pau Gasol, and Hakeem Olajuwon. Divac was also the first player born and trained outside the United States to play in over 1,000 games in the NBA. On August 20, 2010, he was inducted into the FIBA Hall of Fame in recognition of his play in international competition. He was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2019.Aside from being noticed for his basketball abilities, Divac is also known as a humanitarian, helping children in his native country of Serbia and in Africa. In October 2008, he was appointed as government adviser in Serbia for humanitarian issues. In February 2009, he was elected President of the Serbian Olympic Committee for a 4-year term and re-elected in November 2012. In 2013, Divac received an honor from the World Sports Humanitarian Hall of Fame.", "Q85793": "Julius Rodenberg (originally Julius Levy; 26 June 1831, Rodenberg \u2013 11 July 1914, Berlin) was a German Jewish poet and author.\nHe studied law at the universities of Heidelberg, G\u00f6ttingen, Berlin, and Marburg, but soon abandoned jurisprudence for literature. In 1851 his first poem, \"Dornr\u00f6schen\", appeared in Bremen. This poem was soon followed by many others. Between 1855 and 1862 he traveled, visiting Great Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Italy, and Switzerland. In 1859 he settled in Berlin.\nRodenberg wrote the libretto to Anton Rubinstein's opera Feramors.\nFrom 1867 to 1874 he was coeditor with Ernst Dohm of the Salon f\u00fcr Literatur, Kunst und Gesellschaft. In 1874 he founded the Deutsche Rundschau, a high-quality monthly periodical for literature, culture, and politics, which he continued to edit until his death.In 1897 he received the title \"Professor\". Rodenberg was a prolific writer.", "Q68425": "Bioggio is a municipality in the district of Lugano, in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nThe municipality was created in 2004 with the union of old town of Bioggio with Bosco Luganese and Cimo. In the 2008 also Iseo has chosen to be part of municipality and be aggregated with the other old municipalities.", "Q2446294": "The Norway national under-21 football team, controlled by the Football Association of Norway, is the national football team of Norway for players of 21 years of age or under at the start of a UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship campaign. The team has reached the European Championship finals twice, in 1998 and 2013, winning bronze medals on both occasions.", "Q152025": "Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, (; 17 November 1887 \u2013 24 March 1976), nicknamed \"Monty\" and \"The Spartan General\", was a senior British Army officer who fought in both the First World War and the Second World War.\nMontgomery first saw action in the First World War as a junior officer of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. At M\u00e9teren, near the Belgian border at Bailleul, he was shot through the right lung by a sniper, during the First Battle of Ypres. On returning to the Western Front as a general staff officer, he took part in the Battle of Arras in April/May 1917. He also took part in the Battle of Passchendaele in late 1917 before finishing the war as chief of staff of the 47th (2nd London) Division.\nIn the inter-war years he commanded the 17th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers and, later, the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment before becoming commander of 9th Infantry Brigade and then General officer commanding (GOC) 8th Infantry Division.\nDuring the Western Desert campaign of the Second World War, Montgomery commanded the British Eighth Army from August 1942, through the Second Battle of El Alamein and on to the final Allied victory in Tunisia in May 1943. He subsequently commanded the British Eighth Army during the Allied invasion of Sicily and the Allied invasion of Italy and was in command of all Allied ground forces during the Battle of Normandy (Operation Overlord), from D-Day on 6 June 1944 until 1 September 1944. He then continued in command of the 21st Army Group for the rest of the North West Europe campaign, including the failed attempt to cross the Rhine during Operation Market Garden.\nWhen German armoured forces broke through the American lines in Belgium during the Battle of the Bulge, Montgomery was given command of the northern shoulder of the Bulge. This included temporary command of the US First Army and the US Ninth Army, which held up the German advance to the north of the Bulge while the US Third Army under Patton relieved Bastogne from the south.\nMontgomery's 21st Army Group, including the US Ninth Army and the First Allied Airborne Army, crossed the Rhine in Operation Plunder in March 1945, two weeks after the US First Army had crossed the Rhine in the Battle of Remagen. By the end of the war, troops under Montgomery's command had taken part in the encirclement of the Ruhr Pocket, liberated the Netherlands, and captured much of north-west Germany. On 4 May 1945, Montgomery accepted the surrender of the German forces in North-western Europe at L\u00fcneburg Heath, east of Hamburg, after the surrender of Berlin to the USSR on 2 May.\nAfter the war he became Commander-in-Chief of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) in Germany and then Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1946\u20131948). From 1948 to 1951, he served as Chairman of the Commanders-in-Chief Committee of the Western Union. He then served as NATO's Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe until his retirement in 1958.\n\n", "Q229349": "Heather Elizabeth Morris (born February 1, 1987) is an American actress, dancer, singer and model. She is known for her role as Brittany S. Pierce in the Fox musical comedy-drama series Glee.", "Q30896": "Lalaine Vergara-Paras (born June 3, 1987), known mononymously as Lalaine, is an American actress, singer-songwriter, and bassist. She is best known for her roles as Miranda Sanchez in Lizzie McGuire, Kate in Annie, and Abby Ramirez in You Wish!.\nAfter appearing in the roles of Young Cosette and \u00c9ponine in a Broadway musical production of Les Mis\u00e9rables as a child, Lalaine pursued a career in music. She signed with Warner Bros. Records following the end of Lizzie McGuire and released one studio album and one extended play, both of which saw little commercial success mostly due to only having a limited release.", "Q389855": "Anna Mary Soubry (; born 7 December 1956) is a British barrister, journalist and former politician. She was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Broxtowe in Nottinghamshire from 2010 to 2019, and was first elected as a Conservative before leaving the party to join Change UK in 2019. She lost her seat to Darren Henry of the Conservative Party in the 2019 general election.Soubry was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Public Health from 2012 until 2013, Minister for Defence Personnel, Welfare and Veterans from 2013 until 2015 and Minister for Small Business, Industry and Enterprise following the 2015 general election, also attending meetings of the Cabinet, but she returned to the backbenches in July 2016. \nIn February 2019, Soubry resigned from the Conservative Party and joined The Independent Group. She was appointed Leader of Change UK in June 2019.", "Q104263": "Theodor Becker (23 June 1840 in Pl\u00f6n \u2013 30 June 1928 in Liegnitz) was a German civil engineer and entomologist primarily known for his work with flies.\nHe worked with Paul Stein, Mario Bezzi, and K\u00e1lm\u00e1n Kert\u00e9sz on Katalog der Pal\u00e4arktischen dipteren published in Budapest from 1903.", "Q363254": "Tito Gobbi (24 October 1913 \u2013 5 March 1984) was an Italian operatic baritone with an international reputation.\nHe made his operatic debut in Gubbio in 1935 as Count Rodolfo in Bellini's La sonnambula and quickly appeared in Italy's major opera houses. By the time he retired in 1979 he had acquired a repertoire of almost 100 operatic roles. They ranged from Mozart's mid-range baritone roles through Rossini's Barber through Donizetti and the standard Verdi and Puccini baritone roles to Alban Berg's Wozzeck. He had a worldwide career as operatic baritone, appearing in (or recording the singing role) for over 25 films and, from the mid-1960s onward, was the stage director for about ten different operas which were given close to 35 productions throughout Europe and North America, including a significant number in Chicago for the Lyric Opera of Chicago.\nGobbi and Tilda had a daughter, Cecilia, who now runs the \"Associazione Musicale Tito Gobbi\", an organization devoted to preserving and celebrating the record of her father's contribution to opera. He was also the brother-in-law of one of his famous colleagues at Covent Garden, the Bulgarian-born bass, Boris Christoff.\nGobbi retired in 1979 and died in Rome in 1984, aged 70.", "Q236269": "Nathalie Kelley is a Peruvian-Australian actress known for her role as Neela in the 2006 action film The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift, and for her roles in various television series including Body of Proof (2011\u20132012), Unreal (2015), The Vampire Diaries (2016\u20132017) and Dynasty (2017\u20132018). In 2020, she debuted in the lead role of Noa Hamilton in the ABC series The Baker and the Beauty.", "Q1333672": "Yoichi Wada (\u548c\u7530 \u6d0b\u4e00, Wada Y\u014dichi) (born May 28, 1959 in Nagoya, Japan) is a former president and representative director of the Japanese video game and publishing company Square Enix as well as its subsidiary Taito. He is also the former chairman of the Computer Entertainment Supplier's Association (CESA), the former chairman of the Digital Content Use Promotion Conference, former president of Shinra Technologies and a former member of Japanese Brand and Contents Council.\nHe is a current outside director of Metaps.", "Q331274": "The Shanghai Gesture is a 1941 American film noir directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring Gene Tierney, Walter Huston, Victor Mature, and Ona Munson. It is based on a Broadway play of the same name by John Colton, which was adapted for the screen by Sternberg and produced by Arnold Pressburger for United Artists. It was the last Hollywood film Sternberg ever completed: Howard Hughes fired him halfway through production of Macao in 1951, as well as from Jet Pilot in 1957.\nBoris Leven received an Academy Award nomination for Best Art Direction, while Richard Hageman was nominated for Best Original Music Score.\n\n", "Q87184": "Erika Remberg (15 February 1932 \u2013 10 November 2017) was an Austrian film actress. She appeared in 31 films between 1950 and 1970. She was born in Medan, Indonesia.", "Q367032": "Alfred Newman (March 17, 1900 \u2013 February 17, 1970) was an American composer, arranger, and conductor of film music. From his start as a music prodigy, he came to be regarded as a respected figure in the history of film music. He won nine Academy Awards and was nominated 45 times, contributing to the Newmans being the most nominated Academy Award extended family, with a collective 92 nominations in various music categories.\nIn a career spanning more than four decades, Newman composed the scores for over 200 motion pictures. Some of his most famous scores include Wuthering Heights, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Mark of Zorro, How Green Was My Valley, The Song of Bernadette, Captain from Castile, All About Eve, Love is a Many Splendored Thing, Anastasia, The Diary of Anne Frank, How The West Was Won, The Greatest Story Ever Told, and his final score, Airport, all of which were nominated for or won Academy Awards. He is perhaps best known for composing the fanfare which accompanies the studio logo at the beginning of 20th Century Fox's productions.\nNewman was also highly regarded as a conductor, and arranged and conducted many scores by other composers, including George Gershwin, Charlie Chaplin, and Irving Berlin. He also conducted the music for many film adaptations of Broadway musicals (having worked on Broadway for ten years before coming to Hollywood), as well as many original Hollywood musicals.\nHe was among the first musicians to compose and conduct original music during Hollywood's Golden Age of movies, later becoming a respected and powerful music director in the history of Hollywood. Newman and two of his fellow composers, Max Steiner and Dimitri Tiomkin, were considered the \"three godfathers of film music\".", "Q100005": "Tadeusz Borowski (Polish pronunciation: [ta\u02c8d\u025b.u\u0282 b\u0254\u02c8r\u0254fsk\u02b2i]; 12 November 1922 \u2013 3 July 1951) was a Polish writer and journalist. His wartime poetry and stories dealing with his experiences as a prisoner at Auschwitz are recognized as classics of Polish literature.", "Q9842": "A primary school, junior school (in UK), elementary school or grade school (in US & Canada) is a school for children from about four to eleven years old, in which they receive primary or elementary education. It can refer to both the physical structure (buildings) and the organisation. Typically it comes after preschool, and before secondary school.\nThe International Standard Classification of Education considers primary education as a single phase where programmes are typically designed to provide fundamental skills in reading, writing and mathematics and to establish a solid foundation for learning. This is ISCED Level 1: Primary education or first stage of basic education.", "Q23154": "Bristol ( (listen)) is a city and county in South West England with a population of 463,400. The wider district has the 10th-largest population in England. The urban area population of 724,000 is the 8th-largest in the UK. The city borders North Somerset and South Gloucestershire, with the cities of Bath and Gloucester to the south-east and north-east, respectively. South Wales lies across the Severn estuary.\nIron Age hill forts and Roman villas were built near the confluence of the rivers Frome and Avon, and around the beginning of the 11th century, the settlement was known as Brycgstow (Old English \"the place at the bridge\"). Bristol received a royal charter in 1155 and was historically divided between Gloucestershire and Somerset until 1373 when it became a county of itself. From the 13th to the 18th century, Bristol was among the top three English cities, after London, in tax receipts. Bristol was surpassed by the rapid rise of Birmingham, Manchester and Liverpool in the Industrial Revolution.\nBristol was a starting place for early voyages of exploration to the New World. On a ship out of Bristol in 1497 John Cabot, a Venetian, became the first European since the Vikings to land on mainland North America. In 1499 William Weston, a Bristol merchant, was the first Englishman to lead an exploration to North America. At the height of the Bristol slave trade, from 1700 to 1807, more than 2,000 slave ships carried an estimated 500,000 people from Africa to slavery in the Americas. The Port of Bristol has since moved from Bristol Harbour in the city centre to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth and Royal Portbury Dock.\nBristol's modern economy is built on the creative media, electronics and aerospace industries, and the city-centre docks have been redeveloped as centres of heritage and culture. The city has the largest circulating community currency in the UK; the Bristol pound, which is pegged to the Pound sterling. The city has two universities, the University of Bristol and the University of the West of England, and a variety of artistic and sporting organisations and venues including the Royal West of England Academy, the Arnolfini, Spike Island, Ashton Gate and the Memorial Stadium. It is connected to London and other major UK cities by road and rail, and to the world by sea and air: road, by the M5 and M4 (which connect to the city centre by the Portway and M32); rail, via Bristol Temple Meads and Bristol Parkway mainline rail stations; and Bristol Airport.\nOne of the UK's most popular tourist destinations, Bristol was selected in 2009 as one of the world's top ten cities by international travel publishers Dorling Kindersley in their Eyewitness series of travel guides. The Sunday Times named it as the best city in Britain in which to live in 2014 and 2017, and Bristol also won the EU's European Green Capital Award in 2015.\n\n", "Q65101": "Kito Lorenc (Schleife by Wei\u00dfwasser, 4 March 1938 \u2013 Bautzen, 24 September 2017) was a Sorbian-German writer, lyric poet and translator. He was a grandson of the Sorbian writer and politician Jakub Lorenc-Zal\u011bski.\nLorenc attended the Sorbian boarding high school in Cottbus from 1952 to 1956 and majored in Slavic studies in Leipzig from 1956 to 1961. He was an employee at the Institute for Sorbian People Research in Bautzen between 1961 and 1972.\nFrom 1972 until 1979, he worked as a dramaturge at the State Ensemble for Sorbian People's Culture. Kito Lorenc was a member of the S\u00e4chsischen Akademie der K\u00fcnste and lived as a freelance writer in Wuischke by Hochkirch.", "Q4772561": "Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Anthony Gadie T.D. (7 September 1868 \u2013 24 August 1948) was an English businessman and Conservative Party politician from Bradford in West Yorkshire.\nGadie was self-made man. Born in a small cottage in Skipton, he became a builder and then an estate agent, a Lord Mayor of Bradford and a local councillor and alderman for 45 years. He served as an army officer in France during World War I and as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the 1920s, but is best known for his involvement with construction of the Scar House Reservoir.", "Q853545": "Malice Mizer (stylized as MALICE MIZER) was a Japanese visual kei rock band active from August 1992 to December 2001. Formed by guitarists Mana and K\u00f6zi, their earlier music and themes were characterized by their strong French and classical influences, later moving away from deliberate French romanticism and incorporating Gothic aspects after several difficulties befell the band.\nMalice Mizer was as famous for their live shows as they were for their music, featuring lavish historical costumes and stage sets, short silent theater pieces preluding various songs, and even a particularly notable instance of the vocalist descending to Earth (the stage) as a fallen angel, only to ascend again at the end of the concert. Throughout their history, the band has gone through several different lineups and three drastic image changes. At their peak, they were considered one of \"the big four of visual kei\" alongside La'cryma Christi, Fanatic Crisis and Shazna. On December 11, 2001, it was announced that Malice Mizer would go on an indefinite hiatus. Mana, K\u00f6zi and bassist Yu~ki have performed together several times since 2008.", "Q4909284": "Billy Mack Ham (February 4, 1937 \u2013 June 20, 2016) was an American music impresario, best known as the manager, producer, and image-maker for the blues-rock band ZZ Top. Ham also gained prominence in the country music world by discovering and managing multi-platinum singer-songwriter Clint Black and founding some of the most successful country music publishing companies. For several years in the 1990s, Ham's companies published a majority of the top-10 country music singles.", "Q901217": "Scenes from a Marriage (Swedish: Scener ur ett \u00e4ktenskap) is a 1973 Swedish Television miniseries written and directed by Ingmar Bergman and starring Liv Ullmann and Erland Josephson. The story explores the disintegration of the marriage between Marianne, a family lawyer specializing in divorce, and Johan, spanning a period of 10 years. Bergman's teleplay draws on his own experiences, including his relationship with Ullmann. It was shot on a small budget in Stockholm and F\u00e5r\u00f6 in 1972.\nAfter initially airing on Swedish TV in six parts, the miniseries was condensed into a theatrical version and received positive reviews in Sweden and internationally. Scenes from a Marriage was also the subject of controversy for its perceived influence on rising divorce rates in Europe. The film was ineligible for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and several other honours. \nThe miniseries and film version influenced filmmakers such as Woody Allen and Richard Linklater. It was followed by a sequel, Saraband, in 2003, and stage adaptations.", "Q712882": "Elias Khoury (Arabic: \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u200e) (born in 1948) is a Lebanese novelist, and prominent public intellectual. Accordingly, he has published myriad novels related to literary criticism, which have been translated into several foreign languages, including English. Khoury has also written three plays and two screenplays.Khoury has been an editor of famous Lebanese newspapers. Between 1993 and 2009, he served as an editor of Al-Mulhaq, the weekly cultural supplement of the Lebanese daily newspaper Al-Nahar. He also taught in important universities in the States, as well as in Arab and European countries.", "Q223102": "Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and cover of the abdominal organs. Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling of the abdomen, fever, or weight loss. One part or the entire abdomen may be tender. Complications may include shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome.Causes include perforation of the intestinal tract, pancreatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, stomach ulcer, cirrhosis, or a ruptured appendix. Risk factors include ascites and peritoneal dialysis. Diagnosis is generally based on examination, blood tests, and medical imaging.Treatment often includes antibiotics, intravenous fluids, pain medication, and surgery. Other measures may include a nasogastric tube or blood transfusion. Without treatment death may occur within a few days. Approximately 7.5% of people have appendicitis at some point in time. About 20% of people with cirrhosis who are hospitalized have peritonitis.", "Q361443": "Alan David \"Bud\" Yorkin (February 22, 1926 \u2013 August 18, 2015) was an American film and television producer, director, writer, and actor.", "Q14277": "Frederick William Herschel, (; German: Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel; 15 November 1738 \u2013 25 August 1822) was a German-born British astronomer, composer and brother of fellow astronomer Caroline Herschel, with whom he worked. Born in the Electorate of Hanover, Herschel followed his father into the Military Band of Hanover, before migrating to Great Britain in 1757 at the age of nineteen.\nHerschel constructed his first large telescope in 1774, after which he spent nine years carrying out sky surveys to investigate double stars. Herschel published catalogues of nebulae in 1802 (2,500 objects) and in 1820 (5,000 objects). The resolving power of the Herschel telescopes revealed that many objects called nebulae in the Messier catalogue were actually clusters of stars. On 13 March 1781 while making observations he made note of a new object in the constellation of Gemini. This would, after several weeks of verification and consultation with other astronomers, be confirmed to be a new planet, eventually given the name of Uranus. This was the first planet to be discovered since antiquity and Herschel became famous overnight. As a result of this discovery, George III appointed him Court Astronomer. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society and grants were provided for the construction of new telescopes.\nHerschel pioneered the use of astronomical spectrophotometry, using prisms and temperature measuring equipment to measure the wavelength distribution of stellar spectra. In the course of these investigations, Herschel discovered infrared radiation.\nOther work included an improved determination of the rotation period of Mars, the discovery that the Martian polar caps vary seasonally, the discovery of Titania and Oberon (moons of Uranus) and Enceladus and Mimas (moons of Saturn). Herschel was made a Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order in 1816. He was the first President of the Royal Astronomical Society when it was founded in 1820. He died in August 1822, and his work was continued by his only son, John Herschel.", "Q467094": "Oumou Sangar\u00e9 (born February 25, 1968 in Bamako, Mali) is a Grammy Award-winning Malian Wassoulou musician, sometimes referred to as \"The Songbird of Wassoulou\". Wassoulou is a historical region south of the Niger River, where the music descends from age-old traditional song, often accompanied by a calabash.", "Q89426": "Edouard Bacher (March 7, 1846 \u2013 1908), born in Postelberg (now: Postoloprty), was an Austrian jurisconsult and journalist.\nGraduating from the University of Vienna, he engaged in practise as an advocate; in this career, he displayed such marked ability that some years later the Reichsrat appointed him its chief stenographer. In 1872, Bacher began to work for the Neue Freie Presse, the paper which later became Die Presse, as a parliamentary reporter, and on May 1, 1879, he became the chief editor of the paper.\nA feature of his time with the Neue Freie Presse was the running battle with the Paris correspondent, the Zionist Theodor Herzl. After his death, Bacher was succeeded by Moriz Benedikt.", "Q96506": "Peter Feldmann (born 7 October 1958) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). On 25 March 2012, he was elected Mayor of Frankfurt-am-Main as successor of Petra Roth (CDU).", "Q64948": "Fischbach-G\u00f6slikon is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q382257": "Ryan Christian Kwanten (born 28 November 1976) is an Australian actor and comedian. He played Vinnie Patterson from 1997 to 2002 in the Australian soap opera Home and Away. After his stint ended, he joined the American teen drama series Summerland, portraying Jay Robertson. From 2008 to 2014, he played Jason Stackhouse in True Blood and currently stars in The Oath.", "Q64790": "Henry Alonzo Edmundson (June 14, 1814 \u2013 December 16, 1890) was a nineteenth-century Virginia lawyer, congressman, farmer, slaveowner and Confederate officer.", "Q301638": "Aaron Altaras (born 1995 in Berlin) is a German actor.\nAltaras was born in Berlin on 21 November 1995 to a Croatian Jewish mother Adriana Altaras and German father Wolfgang B\u00f6hmer. Altaras' mother was forced to escape Croatia with his grandparents, Jakob and Thea Altaras, because his grandfather had been politically persecuted by the League of Communists of Croatia. His mother is an actress, theater director and writer, and his father is a composer. He was raised with his younger brother Leonard.\nAltaras attended the Heinz Galinski elementary school in Berlin. During his education at Heinz-Galinski he was discovered by a casting team for the movie Mogelpackung Mann. In 2006 he started to attend the gymnasium J\u00fcdische Oberschule Berlin (Berlin Jewish High School). Altaras achieved nationwide attention with the lead role in the ARD TV movie Not All Were Murderers based on the childhood and youth memories of Michael Degen, German actor and writer who survived the Nazi regime as a Jewish boy in Germany.", "Q88738": "Ulrike Poppe (original name Ulrike Wick; born 26 January 1953 in Rostock, GDR) was a member of the East German opposition. In 1982 she founded the \"Women for Peace\" network and in 1985 joined the Initiative for Peace and Human Rights. In 1989 she joined Democracy Now.\nIn 1995 she was awarded the Order of Merit and in 2000 the Gustav Heinemann Prize.\nSince 2001 she has been married to Claus Offe.", "Q1078152": "Hisaya Morishige (\u68ee\u7e41\u4e45\u5f4c, Morishige Hisaya, May 4, 1913 \u2013 November 10, 2009) was a Japanese actor and comedian. Born in Hirakata, Osaka, he graduated from Kitano Middle School (now Kitano High School), and attended Waseda University. He began his career as a stage actor, then became an announcer for NHK, working in Manchukuo. He became famous in films first for comedy roles, appearing in series such as the \"Company President\" (Shacho) and \"Station Front\" (Ekimae) series, produced by Toho. He appeared in nearly 250 films, both contemporary and jidaigeki. He was also famous on stage playing Tevye in the Japanese version of Fiddler on the Roof. He also appeared in television series and specials, and was the first guest on the television talk show Tetsuko's Room in 1975. He was long-time head of the Japan Actors Union. Among many honors, Morishige received the Order of Culture from the Emperor of Japan in 1991.\nHisaya Morishige died of natural causes at a hospital in Tokyo at 8:16 A.M. on November 10, 2009, at the age of 96.", "Q67299": "Edgar Bauer (7 October 1820 \u2013 18 August 1886) was a German political philosopher and a member of the Young Hegelians. He was the younger brother of Bruno Bauer. According to Lawrence S. Stepelevich, Edgar Bauer was the most anarchistic of the Young Hegelians, and \"...it is possible to discern, in the early writings of Edgar Bauer, the theoretical justification of political terrorism.\" German anarchists such as Max Nettlau and Gustav Landauer credited Edgar Bauer with founding the anarchist tradition in Germany. In the mid-1840s, Marx' and Engels' critique of the Bauer brothers marked the beginning of their collaboration and an important stage in the development of Marxist thought. Edgar Bauer participated in the Revolution of 1848. Subsequently he became a conservative.", "Q4631": "Mohamed Mohamed Morsi Issa Al-Ayyat (; Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0637\u200e, ALA-LC: Mu\u1e25ammad Mu\u1e25ammad Murs\u012b \u02bf\u012as\u0101 al-\u02bfAyy\u0101\u1e6d, IPA: [m\u00e6\u02c8\u0127\u00e6mm\u00e6d m\u00e6\u02c8\u0127\u00e6mm\u00e6d \u02c8mo\u027esi \u02c8\u0295i\u02d0s\u00e6 (\u0294e)l.\u0295\u0251j\u02c8j\u0251\u02d0t\u02e4]; 8 August 1951 \u2013 17 June 2019) was an Egyptian politician and engineer who served as the fifth President of Egypt, from 30 June 2012 to 3 July 2013, when General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi removed him from office in the coup d'\u00e9tat after the June protests. An Islamist affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood organisation, Morsi led the Freedom and Justice Party from 2011 to 2012.\nMorsi was born in El Adwah, Sharqia Governorate before studying metallurgical engineering at Cairo University and then materials science at the University of Southern California. He became an associate professor at California State University, Northridge from 1982 to 1985 before returning to Egypt to teach at Zagazig University. Associating with the Muslim Brotherhood, which was then barred from office under President Hosni Mubarak, Morsi stood as an independent candidate for the 2000 parliamentary elections. Following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, which resulted in Mubarak's resignation, Morsi came to the forefront as head of the Freedom and Justice Party. It became the largest party in the 2011-12 parliamentary election and Morsi was elected president in the 2012 presidential election.\nAs president, Morsi issued a temporary constitutional declaration in November 2012 that in effect granted him unlimited powers and the power to legislate without judicial oversight or review of his acts as a pre-emptive move against the expected dissolution of the second constituent assembly by the Mubarak-era judges. The new constitution that was then hastily finalised by the Islamist-dominated constitutional assembly, presented to the president, and scheduled for a referendum before the Supreme Constitutional Court could rule on the constitutionality of the assembly, was described by independent press agencies not aligned with the regime as an \"Islamist coup\". These issues, along with complaints of prosecutions of journalists and attacks on nonviolent demonstrators, led to the 2012 protests. As part of a compromise, Morsi rescinded the decrees. A new constitution was approved by approximately two-thirds of voters in the referendum.In June 2013, protests calling for Morsi's resignation erupted. The military, backed by the political opposition and leading religious figures, stepped in and deposed Morsi in a coup. It suspended the constitution and appointed Adly Mansour as interim president. Pro-Morsi demonstrations were crushed, resulting in over 800 deaths. Egyptian prosecutors then charged Morsi with various crimes and sought the death penalty, a move denounced by Amnesty International as \"a charade based on null and void procedures\". His death sentence was overturned in November 2016 and a retrial ordered. Morsi died during trial on 17 June 2019 amid claims that he was being denied appropriate medical care while in custody.", "Q1065665": "Charles Otis \"Chad\" Holliday, Jr. (born March 9, 1948) is an American businessman, former chairman of Bank of America and former chairman, former chief executive officer and a former director of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (DuPont). He is chairman emeritus of the U.S. Council on Competitiveness and chairman of the Business Roundtable's Task Force for Environment, Technology and Economy. Holliday is also a founding member of the International Business Council and serves on the board of advisors of the Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.In October 2014, it was announced that he would succeed Jorma Ollila as chairman of Royal Dutch Shell from May 2015.", "Q92760": "Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 \u2013 February 24, 2001) was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer known as \"the father of information theory\". Shannon is noted for having founded information theory with a landmark paper, \"A Mathematical Theory of Communication\", that he published in 1948.\nHe is also well known for founding digital circuit design theory in 1937, when\u2014as a 21-year-old master's degree student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)\u2014he wrote his thesis demonstrating that electrical applications of Boolean algebra could construct any logical numerical relationship. Shannon contributed to the field of cryptanalysis for national defense during World War II, including his fundamental work on codebreaking and secure telecommunications.\n\n", "Q1002826": "Alnwick ( (listen) AN-ik) is a market town in Northumberland, England, of which it is the traditional county town. The population at the 2011 Census was 8,116.\nThe town is on the south bank of the River Aln, 32 miles (51 km) south of Berwick-upon-Tweed and the Scottish border, 5 miles (8 km) inland from the North Sea at Alnmouth and 34 miles (55 km) north of Newcastle upon Tyne.\nThe town dates to about AD 600, and thrived as an agricultural centre. Alnwick Castle was the home of the most powerful medieval northern baronial family, the Earls of Northumberland. It was a staging post on the Great North Road between Edinburgh and London, and latterly has become a dormitory town for nearby Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The town centre has changed relatively little, but the town has seen some growth, with several housing estates covering what had been pasture, and new factory and trading estate developments along the roads to the south.", "Q173564": "Alberto Massimino (5 January 1895 \u2013 27 November 1975) was an Italian automotive engineer.", "Q1254414": "Dracula, also known as Dracula's Curse, is a 2002 Italian two part TV-miniseries written and directed by Roger Young and starring Patrick Bergin, Giancarlo Giannini and Stefania Rocca. It is based on the 1897 novel of the same name by Bram Stoker, though it updates the events of the novel to the present day.", "Q1930754": "Michel Hausser (born February 7, 1927, Colmar) is a French jazz vibraphonist.\nHausser played accordion as a child and taught the instrument in his early twenties before switching to vibraphone in 1948. Initially, he studied the instrument classically, but by the mid-1950s was working as a sideman, playing during that decade for Eddy Barclay, Christian Chevallier, Henri Crolla, Benny Golson, Stephane Grappelli, Roger Gu\u00e9rin, Bobby Jaspar, Lucky Thompson, and Sarah Vaughan. In 1964 he formed his own trio ensemble with bassist Jacky Samson; his drummers for this venture included Jean Gu\u00e9rin, Franco Manzecchi, and Teddy Martin. Later in the 1960s he worked with Georges Arvanitas and Johnny Griffin. In the 1970s he moved to Germany, where he became a professor in M\u00fcnster.", "Q462852": "Taylor Danielle Spreitler (born October 23, 1993) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Mia McCormick in the soap opera series Days of Our Lives (2009\u20132010), Lennox Scanlon in the sitcom Melissa & Joey (2010\u201315), and Kendra Gable in the sitcom Kevin Can Wait (2016\u201318).\nSpreitler's films include the comedy 3 Day Test (2012), the action thriller The Contractor (2013), and the horror films Amityville: The Awakening (2017) and Leprechaun Returns (2018).", "Q323499": "Billy Norris Sherrill (November 5, 1936 \u2013 August 4, 2015) was an American record producer, songwriter, and arranger best known for his association with country artists, notably Tammy Wynette and George Jones. Sherrill and business partner Glenn Sutton are regarded as the defining influences of the countrypolitan sound, a smooth amalgamation of pop and country music that was popular during the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s. Sherrill also co-wrote many hit songs, including \"Stand by Your Man\" (written with Tammy Wynette) and \"The Most Beautiful Girl\" (written with Rory Bourke and Norro Wilson).", "Q452991": "Thomas \"Tom\" McGowan (born July 26, 1959) is an American actor. He first become known for his stage career both on and off Broadway. In 1991, he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play for his Broadway debut performance in La B\u00eate. In 2011, McGowan also was also chosen to step into the role of the Wizard on Wicked on Broadway. In 2014, McGowan starred in Harvey Fierstein's original Broadway play, Casa Valentina which was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play. Since then he has appeared in the Broadway revivals of She Loves Me (2016) and Kiss Me Kate (2019).\nHe is also known for his recurring role on the Emmy Award winning NBC show Frasier, as KACL station manager Kenny Daly. He has also appeared on a variety of shows including Everybody Loves Raymond, The Practice, ER, Desperate Housewives, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Modern Family, Veep and The Good Fight. \nHe has appeared in films such as Heavyweights, Sleepless in Seattle, The Birdcage, As Good as it Gets, True Crime, Ghost World, and Bad Santa.", "Q303991": "Sarah Allen is a Canadian actress. She studied acting at the National Theatre School of Canada and graduated in 2002.", "Q518654": "Daisuke Asakura (\u6d45\u5009 \u5927\u4ecb, Asakura Daisuke, born November 4, 1967) is a Japanese musician, songwriter and producer who is known for his compositional work and skill at the keyboards.", "Q663538": "Mario Zagari (14 September 1913 \u2013 29 February 1996) was an Italian socialist politician, who served in the Italian parliament and in the European parliament as well as in the Italian governments in various capacities.", "Q739636": "David Lovering (born December 6, 1961) is an American musician and magician. He is best known as the drummer for the alternative rock band Pixies, which he joined in 1986. After the band's breakup in 1993, Lovering drummed with several other acts, including The Martinis, Cracker, Nitzer Ebb and Tanya Donelly. He also pursued a magic career as The Scientific Phenomenalist, performing scientific and physics-based experiments on stage. When the Pixies reunited in 2004, Lovering returned as the band's drummer.\nAs a drummer Lovering was inspired by bands from a variety of genres, including Rush and Steely Dan.", "Q66839": "Luterbach is a municipality in the district of Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q70083": "Cornelia Pieper (born February 4, 1959 in Halle, n\u00e9e Richter) is a German politician of the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP). She currently serves as German consul general in Gda\u0144sk, Poland.\nPieper previously served as Minister of State at the Foreign Office under Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle in the second cabinet of Chancellor Angela Merkel (from 28 October 2009). She was secretary general of her party from 2001 to 2005. From 2005 until 2011, she served as deputy chairwoman of the FDP, also under Westerwelle\u2019s leadership.", "Q1349337": "Johannes Hendrikus Jacob van den Berg (born 22 March 1946), better known his stage name Harry Vanda, is a Dutch Australian musician, songwriter and record producer. He is best known as lead guitarist of the 1960s Australian rock band The Easybeats who with fellow member George Young formed the 1970s and 1980s songwriting and record production duo Vanda & Young.", "Q6998": "Freising (German pronunciation: [\u02c8f\u0281a\u026az\u026a\u014b]) is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the Freising Landkreis (district), with a population of about 50,000.", "Q297128": "David Clayton Henrie ( Henry; born July 11, 1989) is an American actor and director. He is noted for playing Ted Mosby's future son Luke on How I Met Your Mother and Justin Russo in Wizards of Waverly Place, as well as starring in the films Little Boy and Walt Before Mickey.", "Q90611": "Oskar Hoffmann (October 29, 1866 in Gotha - December 21, 1928 in Wiesbaden) was a German author of science fiction novels.\nDer Luftpirat und sein Lenkbares Luftschiff has been attributed to him.", "Q306631": "Hitomi Furuya (\u53e4\u8c37 \u4ec1\u7f8e, Furuya Hitomi, born January 26, 1976), known professionally as Hitomi (\u30d2\u30c8\u30df, stylized as hitomi), is a Japanese singer-songwriter. She began her career as teen model before making her singing debuting under the helm of Tetsuya Komuro in 1994, who produced Hitomi's earliest work in pop music. Hitomi strove for artistry over the course of her career, penning \"forward-looking\" lyrics and becoming known for her \"unusual\" fashion sense that accompanied a \"supermodel allure\". Her signature songs include \"Candy Girl\", \"Love 2000\" and \"Samurai Drive\".Hitomi's career enjoyed success from Komuro's direction, including his work on her chart-topping second album By Myself (1996), however, her desire for more artistic input led to their amicable split by 1998. She started working with other musicians and composers, and branched out into musical genres such as pop rock as evident on her fifth album Love Life (2000), a turning point which sustained her position in the industry. Hitomi began incorporating electropop styles with her subsequent moves to Love Life Records in 2005 and independent label Maximum 10 in 2011.\nHitomi has amassed four number one albums throughout her career, including H (1999), Huma-rhythm (2002) and Self Portrait (2002), and has sold over 8.5 million records in Japan alone. She has earned two Japan Record Awards for Excellent Work and a Japan Gold Disc accolade for Rock & Pop Album of the Year, and has performed at the prestigious K\u014dhaku Uta Gassen program twice.", "Q722570": "James Thomas Humberstone (8 July 1850 \u2013 12 June 1939) was an English chemical engineer. In 1872, he founded the Peru Nitrate Company to extract saltpetre in the Tarapac\u00e1 Province of Peru (now part of the Tarapac\u00e1 Region of Chile. He introduced the Shanks System and other innovations to the industry. \nThe mining town of Humberstone now forms part of the Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works, now abandoned, they were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005.", "Q862571": "The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry or the oil patch, includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing of petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol). Petroleum (oil) is also the raw material for many chemical products, including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, synthetic fragrances, and plastics. The extreme monetary value of oil and its products has led to it being known as \"black gold\". The industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream, midstream, and downstream. Upstream deals with Drilling and Production mainly.\nPetroleum is vital to many industries, and is necessary for the maintenance of industrial civilization in its current configuration, making it a critical concern for many nations. Oil accounts for a large percentage of the world\u2019s energy consumption, ranging from a low of 32% for Europe and Asia, to a high of 53% for the Middle East.\nOther geographic regions' consumption patterns are as follows: South and Central America (44%), Africa (41%), and North America (40%). The world consumes 30 billion barrels (4.8 km\u00b3) of oil per year, with developed nations being the largest consumers. The United States consumed 25% of the oil produced in 2007. The production, distribution, refining, and retailing of petroleum taken as a whole represents the world's largest industry in terms of dollar value.\nGovernments such as the United States government provide a heavy public subsidy to petroleum companies, with major tax breaks at virtually every stage of oil exploration and extraction, including the costs of oil field leases and drilling equipment.In recent years, enhanced oil recovery techniques \u2014 most notably multi-stage drilling and hydraulic fracturing (\"fracking\") \u2014 have moved to the forefront of the industry as this new technology plays a crucial and controversial role in new methods of oil extraction.", "Q128560": "Henry Graham Greene (2 October 1904 \u2013 3 April 1991), professionally known as Graham Greene, was an English novelist regarded by many as one of the leading English novelists of the 20th century. Combining literary acclaim with widespread popularity, Greene acquired a reputation early in his lifetime as a major writer, both of serious Catholic novels, and of thrillers (or \"entertainments\" as he termed them). He was shortlisted, in 1966 and 1967, for the Nobel Prize for Literature. Through 67 years of writings, which included over 25 novels, he explored the ambivalent moral and political issues of the modern world, often through a Catholic perspective.\nAlthough Greene objected strongly to being described as a Roman Catholic novelist, rather than as a novelist who happened to be Catholic, Catholic religious themes are at the root of much of his writing, especially the four major Catholic novels: Brighton Rock, The Power and the Glory, The Heart of the Matter, and The End of the Affair; which have been named \"the gold standard\" of the Catholic novel. Several works, such as The Confidential Agent, The Quiet American, Our Man in Havana, The Human Factor, and his screenplay for The Third Man, also show Greene's avid interest in the workings and intrigues of international politics and espionage.\nGreene was born in Berkhamsted in Hertfordshire into a large, influential family that included the owners of the Greene King Brewery. He boarded at Berkhamsted School in Hertfordshire, where his father taught and became headmaster. Unhappy at the school, he attempted suicide several times. He attended Balliol College, Oxford, to study history, where, while an undergraduate, he published his first work in 1925\u2014a poorly received volume of poetry, Babbling April. After graduating, Greene worked first as a private tutor and then as a journalist\u2014first on the Nottingham Journal and then as a sub-editor on The Times. He converted to Catholicism in 1926 after meeting his future wife, Vivien Dayrell-Browning. Later in life he took to calling himself a \"Catholic agnostic\". He published his first novel, The Man Within, in 1929; its favourable reception enabled him to work full-time as a novelist. He supplemented his novelist's income with freelance journalism, and book and film reviews. His 1937 film review of Wee Willie Winkie (for the British journal Night and Day), commented on the sexuality of the nine-year-old star, Shirley Temple. This provoked Twentieth Century Fox to sue, prompting Greene to live in Mexico until after the trial was over. While in Mexico, Greene developed the ideas for The Power and the Glory. Greene originally divided his fiction into two genres (which he described as \"entertainments\" and \"novels\"): thrillers\u2014often with notable philosophic edges\u2014such as The Ministry of Fear; and literary works\u2014on which he thought his literary reputation would rest\u2014such as The Power and the Glory.\nGreene had a history of depression, which had a profound effect on his writing and personal life. In a letter to his wife, Vivien, he told her that he had \"a character profoundly antagonistic to ordinary domestic life,\" and that \"unfortunately, the disease is also one's material.\" William Golding praised Greene as \"the ultimate chronicler of twentieth-century man's consciousness and anxiety.\" He died in 1991, at age 86, of leukemia, and was buried in Corseaux cemetery.", "Q1001491": "Finn Bj\u00f8rn Kalvik (born 30 April 1947) is a Norwegian singer and composer.", "Q160518": "Nils Gustaf Dal\u00e9n (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u0275\u0302s\u02d0tav da\u02c8le\u02d0n] (listen); 30 November 1869 \u2013 9 December 1937) was a Swedish Nobel Laureate and industrialist, engineer, inventor and long-term CEO of the AGA company and inventor of the AGA cooker and the Dal\u00e9n light. In 1912 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his \"invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys\".", "Q96260": "J\u00fcrgen Roth (4 November 1945 \u2013 28 September 2017) was a German publicist and investigative journalist.\n\n", "Q359335": "Fabrizio Cassol (born June 8, 1964) is a Belgian saxophonist and the first user of the aulochrome (a double soprano saxophone).\nHe was born in Ougr\u00e9e, Belgium. Between 1982 and 1985, he studied at the Li\u00e8ge conservatory and obtained a first prize for saxophone while majoring in chamber music. He graduated in improvisation and composition. Cassol began to tour with his first band (Trio Bravo, with Michel Massot and Michel Debrulle). In 1991, he travelled to the Central African forest with colleagues St\u00e9phane Galland and Michel Hatzigeorgiou to encounter the Aka pygmies. On their return, the trio formed Aka Moon, which remains Cassol's main project. Besides, he has performed with musicians like Frederic Rzewski, Garrett List, William Sheller, Jacques Pelzer, Toots Thielemans, David Linx, Henri Pousseur, Kris Defoort and others.\nHe has composed music for dance theatre. for Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker's In Real Time and I Sais I, with Alain Platel (VSPRS, Piti\u00e9!, Coup de Choeurs], Comedie Fran\u00e7aise in Paris, Tj Stan, Luc Bondy and Philippe Boesmans. In 1995 he composed with Kris Defoort the album Variations On A Love Supreme. He won the Belgian Golden Django in 1998 as best French-speaking artist. Since September 10, 2001, he's using the aulochrome, a new instrument created by Fran\u00e7ois Louis. He presented the instrument to the public in Paris in October 2002. He currently resides in Brussels and teaches at the Etterbeek music academy.", "Q2249115": "The Schosshalden cemetery (in German: Schosshaldenfriedhof) is a cemetery at Ostermundigenstrasse 116 in Bern.", "Q320190": "Tremaine Aldon Neverson (born November 28, 1984), known professionally as Trey Songz, is an American singer, songwriter, and actor. His debut album, I Gotta Make It, was released in 2005 through Atlantic Records. His follow-up album, Trey Day, spawned his first top 20 single, \"Can't Help but Wait\". Songz released his third album Ready in 2009 and a single from the album, \"Say Aah\", peaked at No. 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 making it Songz's first top 10 hit. Ready was nominated for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance at the 2008 Grammy Awards. The following year saw Songz's highest charting song to date, \"Bottoms Up\" featuring rapper Nicki Minaj from his fourth studio album, Passion, Pain & Pleasure.\nIn 2012, Songz released his first number one album, Chapter V, which debuted atop the Billboard 200. The album's lead single titled \"Heart Attack\" was nominated for Best R&B Song at the 2013 Grammy Awards. Following that Songz released his sixth studio album, Trigga in 2014, promoted by the top 40 songs, \"Na Na\" and \"Slow Motion\". He has sold over 25 million records worldwide in singles and albums.\n\n", "Q108868": "Harald Martenstein (born 9 September 1953, in Mainz) is a German journalist and author.\n\n", "Q430872": "Marianne Raigipcien Jean-Baptiste (born 26 April 1967) is an English actress. She is best known for her roles in the 1996 comedy-drama film Secrets & Lies, for which she received acclaim and earned nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Golden Globe in the same category. Baptiste is also best known for her role as Vivian Johnson on the television series Without a Trace from 2002 to 2009, and has since starred in television shows such as Blindspot (2015\u20132016) and Homecoming (since 2018).", "Q742284": "Alessandro Pavolini (September 27, 1903 \u2013 April 28, 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and essayist, notable for his involvement in the Fascist government, during World War II, and also, for his cruelty against the opponents of fascism.", "Q63941": "Walter Hohmann (; German: [\u02c8ho\u02d0man]; 18 March 1880 \u2013 11 March 1945) was a German engineer who made an important contribution to the understanding of orbital dynamics. In a book published in 1925, Hohmann demonstrated a fuel-efficient path to move a spacecraft between two different orbits, now called a Hohmann transfer orbit. He received his Ph.D. from the RWTH Aachen University in 1920.", "Q1932631": "Edge and Christian (E&C) was a tag team made of real life best friends Edge (Adam Copeland) and Christian (Jason Reso). They are best known for their time in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), later renamed World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where they won the WWF Tag Team Championship on seven occasions. Initially, the two were portrayed as on-screen brothers, but the aspect was de-emphasized in the mid-2000s, and in 2010, the team was officially retconned as childhood friends. The team split up in 2001 but reunited briefly on the SmackDown brand in 2011. Edge, however, announced his retirement from professional wrestling due to neck injury on the April 11 episode of Monday Night Raw, which would ultimately end their final run together.\nIn addition to their seven reigns as WWF Tag Team Champions, they each won singles titles during their run as a tag team. Edge and Christian are also noteworthy for their participation in the first three Tables, Ladders, and Chairs matches (TLC matches). In 2012, WWE named them the greatest tag team in WWE history. The team's popularity propelled Edge and Christian to main event success, with both men becoming multiple-time world champions in their own right.\n\n", "Q575490": "Alan Manners Voorhees (December 17, 1922 \u2013 December 18, 2005) was an American transportation engineer and urban planner who designed many large public works in the United States. Voorhees was born in Highland Park, New Jersey.", "Q182589": "William Morris (24 March 1834 \u2013 3 October 1896) was a British textile designer, poet, novelist, translator, and socialist activist associated with the British Arts and Crafts Movement. He was a major contributor to the revival of traditional British textile arts and methods of production. His literary contributions helped to establish the modern fantasy genre, while he played a significant role proliferating the early socialist movement in Britain.\nMorris was born in Walthamstow, Essex to a wealthy middle-class family. He came under the strong influence of medievalism while studying Classics at Oxford University, there joining the Birmingham Set. After university, he trained as an architect, married Jane Burden, and developed close friendships with Pre-Raphaelite artists Edward Burne-Jones and Dante Gabriel Rossetti and with Neo-Gothic architect Philip Webb. Webb and Morris designed Red House in Kent where Morris lived from 1859 to 1865, before moving to Bloomsbury, central London. In 1861, Morris founded the Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. decorative arts firm with Burne-Jones, Rossetti, Webb, and others, which became highly fashionable and much in demand. The firm profoundly influenced interior decoration throughout the Victorian period, with Morris designing tapestries, wallpaper, fabrics, furniture, and stained glass windows. In 1875, he assumed total control of the company, which was renamed Morris & Co.\nMorris rented the rural retreat of Kelmscott Manor, Oxfordshire from 1871 while also retaining a main home in London. He was greatly influenced by visits to Iceland with Eir\u00edkr Magn\u00fasson, and he produced a series of English-language translations of Icelandic Sagas. He also achieved success with the publication of his epic poems and novels, namely The Earthly Paradise (1868\u20131870), A Dream of John Ball (1888), the Utopian News from Nowhere (1890) and the fantasy romance The Well at the World's End (1896). In 1877, he founded the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings to campaign against the damage caused by architectural restoration. He embraced Marxism and was influenced by anarchism in the 1880s and became a committed revolutionary socialist activist. He founded the Socialist League in 1884 after an involvement in the Social Democratic Federation (SDF), but he broke with that organization in 1890. In 1891, he founded the Kelmscott Press to publish limited-edition, illuminated-style print books, a cause to which he devoted his final years.\nMorris is recognised as one of the most significant cultural figures of Victorian Britain. He was best known in his lifetime as a poet, although he posthumously became better known for his designs. The William Morris Society founded in 1955 is devoted to his legacy, while multiple biographies and studies of his work have been published. Many of the buildings associated with his life are open to visitors, much of his work can be found in art galleries and museums, and his designs are still in production.", "Q128574": "Charles Joseph \"Joe\" Clark (born June 5, 1939) is a Canadian elder statesman, businessman, writer, and politician who served as the 16th prime minister of Canada, from June 4, 1979, to March 3, 1980.\nDespite his relative inexperience, Clark rose quickly in federal politics, entering the House of Commons in the 1972 election and winning the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party in 1976. He came to power in the 1979 election, defeating the Liberal government of Pierre Trudeau and ending sixteen years of continuous Liberal rule. Taking office the day before his 40th birthday, Clark is the youngest person to become Prime Minister. His tenure was brief as he only won a minority government, and it was defeated on a motion of non-confidence. Clark's Progressive Conservative Party lost the 1980 election and Clark lost the leadership of the party in 1983.\nHe returned to prominence in 1984 as a senior cabinet minister in Brian Mulroney's cabinet, retiring from politics after not standing for re-election for the House of Commons in 1993. He made a political comeback in 1998 to lead the Progressive Conservatives in their last stand before the party's eventual dissolution, serving his final term in Parliament from 2000 to 2004. Clark today serves as a university professor and as president of his own consulting firm.", "Q6410900": "King's College School, commonly referred to as KCS, King's or KCS Wimbledon, is a selective independent school in Wimbledon, southwest London, England. The school was founded in 1829 as the junior department of King's College London and had part of the school\u2019s premises in Strand, prior to relocating to Wimbledon in 1897.\nIt is a member of the Eton Group of schools. King's is predominately a boys' school with it accepting girls into the sixth form. In the sixth form pupils can choose between The International Baccalaureate and A-Levels.", "Q1498245": "Marco Carola (born 7 February 1975, Naples, Italy) is an Italian electronic musician and DJ.", "Q234683": "Virginie Fernandez (born 15 November 1976), known by her stage name Virginie Ledoyen (French pronunciation: \u200b[vi\u0281\u0292ini l\u0259dwa\u02c8j\u025b\u0303]), is a French actress who has appeared in French, British and American films.", "Q62493": "Philip Burnett Franklin Agee (; July 19, 1935 \u2013 January 7, 2008) was a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) case officer and writer of the 1975 book, Inside the Company: CIA Diary, detailing his experiences in the CIA. Agee joined the CIA in 1957, and over the following decade had postings in Washington, D.C., Ecuador, Uruguay and Mexico. After resigning from the Agency in 1968, he became a leading opponent of CIA practices. A co-founder of the CounterSpy and CovertAction series of periodicals, he died in Cuba in January 2008.", "Q214553": "Bernd G. L\u00e4ngin (1941\u20132008) was a journalist and author of multiple books. In addition, he worked as Chief Editor of GLOBUS, published by Verein f\u00fcr Deutsche Kulturbeziehungen im Ausland (VDA).", "Q9467": "Meugliano is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Turin.\nMeugliano borders the following municipalities: Traversella, Brosso, Trausella, Castellamonte, Alice Superiore, Rueglio, Vico Canavese, and Lugnacco.", "Q86067": "Rudolph A. Seiden (August 13, 1900 in Langenwang, Styria, Austria \u2013 June 12, 1965 in Kansas City, USA) was an American chemist of Austrian origin and a Zionist activist.Seiden was born in Austria. In 1935, he and his late wife, Juliette Seiden \"foresaw the beginning of the Holocaust in neighboring Germany, and moved to Kansas City, Missouri. Later, they were able to help provide visas for many former friends who managed to survive. Her home became the meeting place for refugees from Europe who came after them. Survivors include a brother and sister-in-law, Benjamin and Ruth Abileah of Jerusalem; two sons and a daughter-in-law, Dr. Othniel Seiden, Denver, Colo., and Uri and Marlene Seiden\".Rudolph Seiden had the first patent for the manufacture of tempered glass.\nIn the 1920s Rudolph Seiden was instrumental in helping Jews out of Russia and Poland and smuggling them into Mandatory Palestine, modern day Israel.\nSeiden developed a \"method of making silage for poultry from slightly wilted grass clippings and molasses\".", "Q926455": "Robert \"Rob\" Caggiano (born November 7, 1976) is an American guitarist and producer. As of 2013, Caggiano is lead guitarist of the band Volbeat. Caggiano had formerly been lead guitarist of the thrash metal band Anthrax.", "Q121236": "Gustav Dietrich Dahrendorf (8 January 1901, Hamburg \u2013 30 October 1954) was a German SPD politician.", "Q259453": "Nancy Ann Olson (born July 14, 1928) is an American actress. She received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal of Betty Schaefer in Sunset Boulevard (1950). She co-starred with William Holden in four films, and also later appeared in Disney's The Absent-Minded Professor (1961) and its sequel, Son of Flubber (1963), as well as the disaster film Airport 1975 (1974).\nOlson has been virtually retired from acting since the early 1980s, although she has made a few rare returns, most recently in 2014.", "Q71389": "Oskar Ritter von Niedermayer (8 November 1885 \u2013 25 September 1948) was a German General, professor and a German super-spy. Sometimes referred to as the German Lawrence (just like Wilhelm Wassmuss), Niedermayer is remembered for having led the 1915\u20131916 Persian and Indo-German-Turkish mission to Afghanistan and Persia during World War I in an endeavor to incite the Emir Habibullah Khan to attack British India, as a part of the Persian and Hindu German Conspiracy as an adjunct to the German War effort. Between the World Wars, Niedermayer was associated with the Universities of Munich and Berlin.\n\n", "Q1928669": "Michael Jenkins Moynihan (born 17 January 1969) is an American musician and journalist. He is best known for co-writing Lords of Chaos, a book about black metal.\nMoynihan is founder of the music group Blood Axis, the music label Storm Records and publishing company Dominion Press. Moynihan has interviewed numerous musical figures and has published several books, translations, and essays.\nIn the 1990s, Moynihan was frequently characterized as a fascist or neo-fascist by some critics and fans. Moynihan accepted these descriptions with reservations, but in the 2000s dismissed them as inapplicable buzzwords used by \"anti-this and anti-that activist types\" and denounced the far-right.", "Q231923": "Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897 \u2013 April 8, 1993) was an American singer of classical music and spirituals. Music critic Alan Blyth said: \"Her voice was a rich, vibrant contralto of intrinsic beauty.\" She performed in concert and recital in major music venues and with famous orchestras throughout the United States and Europe between 1925 and 1965. Although offered roles with many important European opera companies, Anderson declined, as she had no training in acting. She preferred to perform in concert and recital only. She did, however, perform opera arias within her concerts and recitals. She made many recordings that reflected her broad performance repertoire, which ranged from concert literature to lieder to opera to traditional American songs and spirituals. Between 1940 and 1965 the German-American pianist Franz Rupp was her permanent accompanist.Anderson became an important figure in the struggle for black artists to overcome racial prejudice in the United States during the mid-twentieth century. In 1939, the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) refused permission for Anderson to sing to an integrated audience in Constitution Hall in Washington, DC. The incident placed Anderson into the spotlight of the international community on a level unusual for a classical musician. With the aid of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt, Anderson performed a critically acclaimed open-air concert on Easter Sunday, April 9, 1939, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in the capital. She sang before an integrated crowd of more than 75,000 people and a radio audience in the millions.\nAnderson continued to break barriers for black artists in the United States, becoming the first black person, American or otherwise, to perform at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City on January 7, 1955. Her performance as Ulrica in Giuseppe Verdi's Un ballo in maschera at the Met was the only time she sang an opera role on stage.\nAnderson worked for several years as a delegate to the United Nations Human Rights Committee and as a \"goodwill ambassadress\" for the United States Department of State, giving concerts all over the world. She participated in the civil rights movement in the 1960s, singing at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963. The recipient of numerous awards and honors, Anderson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963, the Congressional Gold Medal in 1977, the Kennedy Center Honors in 1978, the National Medal of Arts in 1986, and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1991.\n\n", "Q277976": "Alain Macklovitch (born March 30, 1982), known by his stage name A-Trak, is a Canadian DJ, turntablist, record producer, and record label executive. He is the owner and President of the record label Fool's Gold which was founded in 2007 and is credited for developing the careers of artists such as Kid Cudi, Danny Brown, and Flosstradamus. A-Trak's career has spanned just over two decades, leading Rolling Stone to name him one of the 50 Most Important People in EDM. A-Trak is also part of the DJ duo Duck Sauce with Armand Van Helden, which was nominated for a Grammy in 2012 for their song \"Barbra Streisand\". \nA-Trak was featured on the covers of Billboard and Complex and appeared in campaigns for Adidas, Grey Goose, Converse and Cadillac. A-Trak has also penned a number of articles for The Huffington Post and owns the travel website Infinite Legroom.", "Q860372": "Digital art is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentation process. Since the 1970s, various names have been used to describe the process, including computer art and multimedia art. Digital art is itself placed under the larger umbrella term new media art.After some initial resistance, the impact of digital technology has transformed activities such as painting, drawing, sculpture and music/sound art, while new forms, such as net art, digital installation art, and virtual reality, have become recognized artistic practices. More generally the term digital artist is used to describe an artist who makes use of digital technologies in the production of art. In an expanded sense, \"digital art\" is contemporary art that uses the methods of mass production or digital media.\n\nThe techniques of digital art are used extensively by the mainstream media in advertisements, and by film-makers to produce visual effects. Desktop publishing has had a huge impact on the publishing world, although that is more related to graphic design. Both digital and traditional artists use many sources of electronic information and programs to create their work. Given the parallels between visual and musical arts, it is possible that general acceptance of the value of digital visual art will progress in much the same way as the increased acceptance of electronically produced music over the last three decades.Digital art can be purely computer-generated (such as fractals and algorithmic art) or taken from other sources, such as a scanned photograph or an image drawn using vector graphics software using a mouse or graphics tablet. Though technically the term may be applied to art done using other media or processes and merely scanned in, it is usually reserved for art that has been non-trivially modified by a computing process (such as a computer program, microcontroller or any electronic system capable of interpreting an input to create an output); digitized text data and raw audio and video recordings are not usually considered digital art in themselves, but can be part of the larger project of computer art and information art. Artworks are considered digital painting when created in similar fashion to non-digital paintings but using software on a computer platform and digitally outputting the resulting image as painted on canvas.Andy Warhol created digital art using a Commodore Amiga where the computer was publicly introduced at the Lincoln Center, New York in July 1985. An image of Debbie Harry was captured in monochrome from a video camera and digitized into a graphics program called ProPaint. Warhol manipulated the image adding colour by using flood fills.At present\u2014and whatever else can be said, pro or con, about the effects of digital technology on the arts\u2014there seems to be a strong consensus within the digital art community that it has created a \"vast expansion of the creative sphere\", i.e., that it has greatly broadened the creative opportunities available to professional and non-professional artists alike.\n\n", "Q1626261": "The Inter American Press Association (IAPA; Spanish: Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa, SIP) is a press advocacy group representing major media organizations in North America, South America and the Caribbean. It is made up of more than 1,300 print publications from throughout the Western Hemisphere and is based in Miami, Florida. Every year it issues its internationally prestigious IAPA/SIP Excellence in Journalism Awards in the fields of cartoon, online news coverage, news coverage, coverage on mobile phones, features, human rights and community service, photography, infographics, opinion, data journalism, in-depth journalism and press freedom. IAPA has two autonomous affiliates \u2013 the IAPA Press Institute, which offers Latin American members advice on technical publishing matters and politics and the IAPA Scholarship Fund, which provides funds for educational activities.\nIAPA is a member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange, a global network of more than 70 non-governmental organisations that monitors press freedom and freedom of expression violations worldwide.\nIt has been criticized by many Latin American journalists' trade unions, who claim that it only represents the owners of the large media corporations, that it does not seem to defend journalists themselves, and that it is closely related to right-wing parties.", "Q60284": "Gottlob Christian Berger (16 July 1896 \u2013 5 January 1975) was a senior German Nazi official who held the rank of SS-Obergruppenf\u00fchrer und General der Waffen-SS (lieutenant general) and was the chief of the SS Main Office responsible for Schutzstaffel (SS) recruiting during World War II. Following the war, he was convicted as a war criminal and spent a total of six and a half years in prison. Serving in the German Army during World War I, he was wounded four times and awarded the Iron Cross First Class. Immediately after the war, he was a leader of the Einwohnerwehr militia in his native North W\u00fcrttemberg. He joined the Nazi Party in 1922 but lost interest in right-wing politics during the 1920s, training and working as a physical education teacher.\nIn the late 1920s, he rejoined the Nazi Party and became a member of the paramilitary Sturmabteilung (SA) in 1931. He clashed with other leaders of the SA and joined the Allgemeine-SS in 1936. Initially responsible for physical education in an SS region, he was soon transferred to the staff of Reichsf\u00fchrer-SS Heinrich Himmler as head of the sports office. In 1938, he was appointed as head of the recruiting office of the SS Main Office (SS-HA) and took over as chief of the SS-HA the following year. To a significant extent, Berger was the father of the Waffen-SS, as he not only implemented recruiting structures and policies that helped the Waffen-SS circumvent Wehrmacht controls over conscription but also extended Waffen-SS recruiting first to \"Germanic\" volunteers from Scandinavia and western Europe, then Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans) outside the Reich, and finally to peoples who in no way reflected Himmler's ideas of \"racial purity\". He consistently advocated greater ideological training for the Waffen-SS but did not view SS ideology as a replacement for religion. He also sponsored and protected his friend Oskar Dirlewanger, whom he placed in command of a unit of convicted criminals; the SS-Sonderkommando Dirlewanger subsequently committed many war crimes. Berger often clashed with senior officers of the Wehrmacht and even with senior Waffen-SS officers over his recruiting methods, but he took advantage of opportunities as they presented themselves to grow the Waffen-SS to 38 divisions by the war's end.\nBerger undertook several other roles in the latter stages of the war while continuing as chief of the SS-HA. He had a key role in the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories from mid-1942, allowing the SS to direct much of the economic activity in the east. In this role he proposed a plan to kidnap and enslave 50,000 Eastern European children between the ages of 10 and 14 under the codename Heuaktion, a plan that was subsequently carried out. In response to the Slovak National Uprising in August 1944, Berger was appointed Military Commander in Slovakia and was in charge during the initial failure to suppress the revolt. The following month he was appointed one of the two chiefs of staff of the Volkssturm militia and as chief of the prisoner-of-war camps. In the final months of the war he commanded German forces in the Bavarian Alps, which included remnants of several of the Waffen-SS units he had helped recruit. He surrendered to U.S. troops near Berchtesgaden and was promptly arrested. He was tried and convicted in the Ministries Trial of the U.S. Nuremberg Military Tribunals for war crimes and was sentenced to 25 years imprisonment. His sentence was soon reduced to 10 years, and he was released after serving six and a half years. After release he advocated for the rehabilitation of the Waffen-SS and worked in several manufacturing businesses. He died in his hometown in 1975.\nDescribed as blustery, cynical, and \"one of Himmler's most competent and trusted war-time lieutenants\", Berger was also an ardent anti-Semite and a skilled and unscrupulous bureaucratic manipulator. Due to his organisational and recruiting skills, Berger was kept as the chief of the SS-HA throughout the war.", "Q216344": "Arlington National Cemetery is a United States military cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., in whose 624 acres (253 ha) the dead of the nation's conflicts have been buried, beginning with the Civil War, as well as reinterred dead from earlier wars. The United States Department of the Army, a component of the United States Department of Defense (DoD), controls the cemetery.\nThe national cemetery was established during the Civil War on the grounds of Arlington House, which had been the estate of Confederate general Robert E. Lee's wife Mary Anna Custis Lee (a great-granddaughter of Martha Washington). The Cemetery, along with Arlington House, Memorial Drive, the Hemicycle, and the Arlington Memorial Bridge, form the Arlington National Cemetery Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in April 2014.", "Q57428": "George V (German: Georg V.; 27 May 1819 \u2013 12 June 1878) was the last King of Hanover, the only child and successor of King Ernest Augustus. George V's reign ended during the unification of Germany.", "Q6442920": "Kuleli Military High School was the oldest military high school in Turkey, located in \u00c7engelk\u00f6y, Istanbul, on the Asian shore of the Bosphorus strait. It was founded on September 21, 1845, by Ottoman Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid I.", "Q2618807": "Owain ap Gruffudd (c.\u20091100 \u2013 23 or 28 November 1170) was King of Gwynedd, North Wales, from 1137 until his death in 1170, succeeding his father Gruffudd ap Cynan. He was called \"Owain the Great\" (Welsh: Owain Mawr) and the first to be styled \"Prince of Wales\". He is considered to be the most successful of all the North Welsh princes prior to his grandson, Llywelyn the Great. He became known as Owain Gwynedd (Middle Welsh: Owain Gwyned, \"Owain of Gwynedd\") to distinguish him from the contemporary king of Powys Wenwynwyn, Owain ap Gruffydd ap Maredudd, who became known as Owain Cyfeiliog.", "Q236094": "Hannah Szenes (often anglicized as Hannah Senesh or Chanah Senesh; Hebrew: \u05d7\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e1\u05e0\u05e9; Hungarian: Szenes Hanna; July 17, 1921 \u2013 November 7, 1944) was a poet and a Special Operations Executive (SOE) member. She was one of 37 Jewish SOE recruits from Mandate Palestine parachuted by the British into Yugoslavia during the Second World War to assist anti-Nazi forces and ultimately in the rescue of Hungarian Jews about to be deported to the German death camp at Auschwitz.Szenes was arrested at the Hungarian border, then imprisoned and tortured, but refused to reveal details of her mission. She was eventually tried and executed by firing squad. She is regarded as a national heroine in Israel, where her poetry is widely known and the headquarters of the Zionist youth movements Israel Hatzeira, a kibbutz and several streets are named after her.", "Q123421": "Paul Sutermeister (6 June 1864 in K\u00fcsnacht \u2013 2 February 1905 in Bern) was a Swiss theologian, pastor and contributing editor of the Berner Tagblatt.", "Q238907": "Keiko Kitagawa (\u5317\u5ddd \u666f\u5b50, Kitagawa Keiko, born August 22, 1986) is a Japanese actress and former model. She was an exclusive model for the Japanese Seventeen magazine from late 2003 to mid-2006, and quit modeling when she left the magazine. Her first acting role was Sailor Mars in the Sailor Moon live action show Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003-2004), and after her role in the film Mamiya Ky\u014ddai, she left modeling to concentrate on acting. She has appeared in several films, including The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006) and Handsome Suit (2008), and has played leading roles in the TV Dramas Mop Girl (2007), Homeroom on the Beachside (2008), Buzzer Beat (2009), Lady Saigo no Hanzai Profile (2011), and Akumu-chan (2012).", "Q186089": "Ern\u0151 Rubik (Hungarian: [\u02c8rubik \u02c8\u025brn\u00f8\u02d0]; born 13 July 1944) is a Hungarian inventor, architect and professor of architecture. He is best known for the invention of mechanical puzzles including Rubik's Cube (1974), Rubik's Magic, Rubik's Magic: Master Edition, and Rubik's Snake.While Rubik became famous for inventing the Rubik's Cube and his other puzzles, much of his recent work involves the promotion of science in education. Rubik is involved with several organisations such as Beyond Rubik's Cube, the Rubik Learning Initiative and the Judit Polgar Foundation all of whose aim is to engage students in science, mathematics, and problem solving at a young age.", "Q16474": "John Patrick McEnroe Jr. (born February 16, 1959) is an American tennis player. He was known for his shot-making artistry and volleying skills, and for confrontational on-court behavior that frequently landed him in trouble with umpires and tennis authorities.\nMcEnroe attained the No. 1 ranking in both singles and doubles, finishing his career with 77 singles and 78 doubles titles; this remains the highest men's combined total of the Open Era. He won seven Grand Slam singles titles, four at the US Open and three at Wimbledon, and nine men's Grand Slam doubles titles. His singles match record of 82\u20133 in 1984 remains the best single season win rate of the Open Era.\nMcEnroe also excelled at the year-end tournaments, winning eight singles and seven doubles titles, both of which are records. Three of his winning singles year-end championships were at the Masters Grand Prix (the ATP year-end event) and five were at the World Championship Tennis (WCT) Finals, an event which ended in 1989. Since 2000, there has been only one year-end men's singles event, the ATP Finals (the new name for the Masters Grand Prix). He was named the ATP Player of the Year and the ITF World Champion three times each: 1981, 1983 and 1984.\nMcEnroe contributed to five Davis Cup titles for the U.S. and later was team captain. He has stayed active in retirement, often competing in senior events on the ATP Champions Tour. He has also worked as a television commentator during the majors.", "Q1813833": "Eagle Rock Entertainment is an international producer and distributor of music films and programming. It operates two record labels (Eagle Records and Armoury Records), a full-service production company (Eagle Rock Productions) and a music publishing subsidiary (Eagle-i Music).", "Q455754": "Jalacy \"Screamin' Jay\" Hawkins (July 18, 1929 \u2013 February 12, 2000) was an American singer-songwriter, musician, actor, film producer, and boxer. Famed chiefly for his powerful, operatic vocal delivery and wildly theatrical performances of songs such as \"I Put a Spell on You\", he sometimes used macabre props onstage, making him an early pioneer of shock rock.", "Q934737": "Simon Climie (born 7 April 1957) is an English songwriter/producer and the former lead singer of the UK duo Climie Fisher.\n\n", "Q124428": "John Augustus Sutter (February 23, 1803 \u2013 June 18, 1880), born Johann August Sutter, was a German-born Swiss pioneer of California, with Mexican and American citizenship, known for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, California, the state's capital. Although he became famous following the discovery of gold by his employee James W. Marshall and the mill-making team at Sutter's Mill, Sutter saw his own business ventures fail during the California Gold Rush. Those of his elder son, John Augustus Sutter Jr., were more successful.", "Q711810": "Franciscus (\"Frans\") Jozef Br\u00fcggen (30 October 1934 \u2013 13 August 2014) was a Dutch conductor, recorder player and baroque flautist.", "Q902285": "J\u00f3zsef Darvas (born as J\u00f3zsef Dumitr\u00e1s; 10 February 1912 \u2013 3 December 1973) was a Hungarian writer and politician, who served as Minister of Religion and Education between 1950 and 1951, as Minister of Education between 1951 and 1953 and as Minister of Culture between 1953 and 1956. He was member of the Presidential Council of the People's Republic of Hungary since 1971.", "Q70929": "Louis I of Anhalt-K\u00f6then (German: Ludwig I., F\u00fcrst von Anhalt-K\u00f6then; 17 June 1579 in Dessau \u2013 7 January 1650 in K\u00f6then), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the unified principality of Anhalt. From 1603, he was ruler of the principality of Anhalt-K\u00f6then. He was also a founder of the first German Society (the Fruitbearing Society).\nLouis was the seventh son of Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt, but fifth-born son of his second wife Eleonore, daughter of Christoph, Duke of W\u00fcrttemberg.", "Q922155": "Broadcast are an English rock band formed in Birmingham in 1995 by Trish Keenan (vocals, keyboards, guitar) and James Cargill (bass). Their musical style blends elements of 1960s American psychedelia with experimental electronica, incorporating samples from various sources, and earned the band a cult following.Broadcast have released three studio albums\u2014The Noise Made by People (2000), Haha Sound (2003), and Tender Buttons (2005)\u2014as well as several EPs and a collaboration album with the Focus Group titled Broadcast and The Focus Group Investigate Witch Cults of the Radio Age (2009). Their most recent release is the soundtrack album Berberian Sound Studio (2013).\nAside from founding members Keenan and Cargill, Broadcast has experienced regular lineup changes. The band has included Roj Stevens (keyboards), Tim Felton (guitar), and Steve Perkins (drums). Keith York, Phil Jenkins, Jeremy Barnes and Neil Bullock have also featured in the band as drummers. As of 2005, Broadcast consisted only of the founding duo. Following the death of Keenan in 2011, Cargill remained the only member.", "Q315881": "Hassan-i Sabb\u0101h (Persian: \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d Hasan-i Sabb\u0101h) or Hassan as-Sabb\u0101h (Arabic: \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u1e24asan a\u1e63-\u1e62abb\u0101\u1e25) (full name: Hassan bin 'Ali bin Muhammad bin Ja'far bin al-Husayn bin Muhammad bin al-Sabbah al-Himyari) (c. 1050\u20131124) was the founder of the Nizari Isma'ili state and its fedayeen military group known as Order of Assassins. (often referred also as the Hashshashin).\nHassan-i Sabb\u0101h was a missionary who converted the people of the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran to Nizari Isma'ilism in the late 11th century. He later seized a mountain fortress called Alamut.", "Q444659": "Inez Bj\u00f8rg David (born 6 February 1982 in \u00c5rhus) is a Danish actress who has appeared primarily in German productions.", "Q122059": "Gerhoh of Reichersberg (Latin: Gerhohus Reicherspergensis. b. at Polling 1093; d. at Reichersberg, 27 June 1169) was one of the most distinguished theologians of Germany in the twelfth century. He was provost of Reichersberg Abbey and a Canon Regular.\nHe studied at Freising, Mosburg, and Hildesheim. In 1119, Bishop Hermann of Augsburg called him as \"scholasticus\" to the cathedral school of that city; shortly afterwards, though still a deacon, he made him a canon of the cathedral. Gradually Gerhoh adopted a stricter ecclesiastical attitude, and eventually withdrew (1121) from the simoniacal Bishop Hermann, and took refuge in the monastery of Raitenbuch in the Diocese of Freising. After the Concordat of Worms (1122) Bishop Hermann was reconciled with the legitimate pope, Callistus II, whereupon Gerhoh accompanied the bishop to the Lateran Council of 1123. On his return from Rome Gerhoh resigned his canonicate, and with his father and two half-brothers joined the Austin canons at Raitenbuch (1124).\nBishop Kuno of Ratisbon ordained him a priest in 1126, and gave him the parish of Cham, which he later resigned under threats from Hohenstaufen followers whom he had offended at the Synod of W\u00fcrzburg in 1127. He returned to Ratisbon, and in 1132 Conrad I of Abensberg, Archbishop of Salzburg, appointed him provost of Reichersberg, to the spiritual and material advantage of that monastery. Archbishop Conrad sent him several times on special missions to Rome; in 1143 he also accompanied, together with Arnold of Brescia, Cardinal Guido di Castello of Santa Maria in Portico on his embassy to Bohemia and Moravia.\nEugene III (1145\u201353) held Gerhoh in high esteem; his relations with the successors of that pope were less pleasant. On the occasion of the disputed papal election in 1159 (Alexander III and Victor IV) Gerhoh sided with Alexander III, but only after long hesitation; for this action the imperial party looked on him with hatred. For refusing to support the antipope, Archbishop Conrad was condemned to banishment in 1166, and the monastery of Reichersberg was repeatedly attacked; Gerhoh himself was forced to take refuge in flight, and died soon after his return to Reichersberg.\nGerhoh was a reformer in the spirit of the Gregorian ideas. He aimed particularly and zealously at the reform of the clergy; it seemed to him that this object could not be attained unless the community life were generally adopted.", "Q230383": "Kelly Macdonald (born 23 February 1976) is a Scottish actress best known for her roles in Trainspotting (1996), Gosford Park (2001), Intermission (2003), Nanny McPhee (2005), Boardwalk Empire (2010\u20132014), Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2 (2011), Brave (2012), and the Black Mirror episode \"Hated in the Nation\" (2016). For the 2005 TV film The Girl in the Cafe, she was nominated for a Golden Globe and won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie. In 2003, she appeared in the acclaimed BBC miniseries State of Play as journalist Della Smith.\nFor her role in the 2007 film No Country for Old Men, she was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. She went on to star for five seasons in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire (2010\u20132014) as Margaret Thompson, for which she received a 2011 Emmy Award nomination.", "Q816582": "Ben Ratliff (born 1968 in New York City) is an American journalist, music critic and author.\nRatliff is the son of an English mother and an American father, growing up in London and in Rockland County, New York. \nFrom 1996 to 2016, he wrote about pop music and jazz for the New York Times. He is the author of four books: Every Song Ever: Twenty Ways to Listen in an Age of Musical Plenty (2016), The Jazz Ear: Conversations Over Music (2008), Jazz: A Critic's Guide to the 100 Most Important Recordings (2002), and a critical biography of John Coltrane (The Story of a Sound, 2007), finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award. His articles have appeared in The New York Review of Books, Granta, Rolling Stone, Spin, The Village Voice, Slate and Lingua Franca. In 2005 he received the Helen Dance-Robert Palmer Award for \"Excellence in Newspaper, Magazine or Online Writing\" from the Jazz Journalists Association. From 2012 to 2016 he was a regular host of the New York Times Popcast.He teaches cultural criticism at New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study.", "Q728049": "Golden Earring is a Dutch rock band, founded in 1961 in The Hague as The Golden Earrings (the definite article was dropped in 1967, while the \"s\" was dropped in 1969). They achieved worldwide fame with their international hit songs \"Radar Love\" in 1973, which went to number one on the Dutch charts, reached the top ten in the United Kingdom and went to number thirteen on the United States charts, \"Twilight Zone\" in 1982, and \"When the Lady Smiles\" in 1984. During their career they have had nearly 30 top-ten singles on the Dutch charts while releasing 25 studio albums.\nThe band's lineup consists of co-founders Rinus Gerritsen (bass and keyboards) and George Kooymans (vocals and guitar), along with Barry Hay (vocals, guitar, flute and saxophone), and Cesar Zuiderwijk (drums and percussion). All musicians in the present lineup of the band have been continuous members of the band since 1970, although other musicians have joined and left the band during the intervening years.", "Q66193": "Karl Andree (20 October 1808 \u2013 10 August 1875) was a German geographer.", "Q1930740": "Michel Geiss is a French sound engineer, instrument designer and musician who was a long-time collaborator of Jean Michel Jarre. He has also collaborated with other famous French artists such as Marc Lavoine, Patrick Bruel or Laurent Voulzy. He is known for designing the Geiss Digisequencer.", "Q282531": "Train is an American rock band from San Francisco, formed in 1993. The band currently consists of Patrick Monahan (lead vocals), Luis Maldonado (guitar), Hector Maldonado (bass, vocals), Jerry Becker (keyboards, guitar), Matt Musty (drums), Sakai Smith (backup vocals), and Nikita Houston (backup vocals).With a lineup that included original members Monahan, Rob Hotchkiss, Jimmy Stafford, Scott Underwood, and Charlie Colin, the band achieved mainstream success with their debut album Train, which was released in 1998 with the hit \"Meet Virginia\". Train's 2001 album, Drops of Jupiter contained the lead single \"Drops of Jupiter (Tell Me)\", which won two Grammy Awards in 2002. The album was certified double platinum.\nTrain's third studio album, My Private Nation, released in 2003, was certified platinum in the United States with the hit \"Calling All Angels\". Following the departures of Hotchkiss and Colin, the band released their fourth album, For Me, It's You in 2006, with Brandon Bush (keyboards) and Johnny Colt (bass). Despite a generally positive reception from critics, the album was commercially unsuccessful. Because of this, Train went on a two-year hiatus from recording any new music.\nIn late 2009, Train released the album Save Me, San Francisco, from which the album's three singles\u2014the RIAA 6x Platinum-certified international hit \"Hey, Soul Sister\", (based on the melody of \"Only you\" by The Platters, a cover of which was released by Train in 2010) \"If It's Love\" and \"Marry Me\"\u2014reached high positions on the Billboard Hot 100 at numbers 3, 34, and 34, respectively. The album itself has been certified gold by both the RIAA and ARIA and has sold 954,000 units. Since 2008, Jerry Becker (guitar, keyboards, backing vocals) and Hector Maldonado (bass, guitar, percussion, backing vocals) have been touring and recording with the group around the world. In May 2012, Nikita Houston (backing vocals, percussion) and Sakai Smith (backing vocals, percussion) also became touring members of Train.\nIn April 2012, Train released their sixth studio album titled California 37. The first single from the album, entitled \"Drive By\", reached number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was a Top 10 hit in the UK, their first Top 20 single since 2009. In June 2014, Scott Underwood left the band, and was replaced by Drew Shoals. Train released their seventh studio album titled Bulletproof Picasso in September. It reached number 5 on the Billboard Top 200 and received positive reviews from critics, but only the single \"Angel in Blue Jeans\" entered the Billboard Top 100. Shortly after the band's tour for Bulletproof Picasso, Train released a Christmas album exclusively on Amazon Music titled Christmas in Tahoe in November 2015. The album features 15 songs, which included covers of classic holiday hits and three original songs. In June 2016, Train released the album Train Does Led Zeppelin II, in which they covered rock band Led Zeppelin's second album in its entirety. The band's tenth studio album, titled A Girl, a Bottle, a Boat, was released in January 2017. Guitarist Jimmy Stafford was not featured on the new album, as he decided to leave the band in late 2016. Luis Maldonaldo replaced Stafford as lead guitarist of the band. Drummer Drew Shoals left the band in January 2019 to return to practicing law, and Matt Musty joined for the band's summer tours.Since their debut in the music industry, Train has sold over 10 million albums and 30 million tracks worldwide.", "Q724673": "Ash Wednesday is an Australian musician, who played in JAB, Models and Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten.", "Q121550": "John Kaminiates (Greek: \u0399\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, fl. tenth century) was a Greek resident of Thessalonica when the city, then one of the largest in the Byzantine Empire, was besieged and sacked by a Saracen force led by Leo of Tripoli in 904. His account of the city's plunder, On the capture of Thessalonica, (\u0395\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2, Eis t\u0113n al\u014dsin t\u0113s Thessalonik\u0113s) survives in four manuscripts; though of these, none were written before the fourteenth century, causing some concern over the text's authenticity.", "Q89432": "Rudolf Klein-Rhoden (27 January 1871 \u2013 5 January 1936) was a German stage and film actor.", "Q447350": "Jelly d'Aranyi, fully Jelly Aranyi de Hunyadv\u00e1r (Hungarian: Hunyadv\u00e1ri Aranyi Jelly (30 May 1893 \u2013 30 March 1966) was a Hungarian violinist who made her home in London.\nShe was born in Budapest, the great-niece of Joseph Joachim, and sister of the violinist Adila Fachiri. She began her studies as a pianist, but switched to violin at the Music Academy in Budapest when Jen\u0151 Hubay accepted her as a student. After concert tours of Europe and America as a soloist and chamber musician she settled in London. She formed a notable chamber trio with the Spanish cellist Pablo Casals and the Australian pianist Frederick Septimus Kelly, with whom she was in love, even referring to him as her \"fianc\u00e9\". On memorable occasions, she and B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k gave sonata recitals together in London and Paris. His two sonatas for violin and piano were dedicated to her, Jelly and Bart\u00f3k presented them in London in March 1922 (No. 1) and May 1923 (No. 2).She was an excellent interpreter of Classical, Romantic and modern music. After d'Aranyi had, at his request, played \"gypsy\" violin music to him one evening, Maurice Ravel dedicated his popular violin-and-piano composition Tzigane to her. Ralph Vaughan Williams dedicated his Concerto Accademico to her. Gustav Holst's Double Concerto for Two Violins was written for Jelly and Adila. The D'Aranyi String Quartet is named after her.\nShe played a curious role in the emergence and 1937 world premiere of Robert Schumann's Violin Concerto. On the basis of messages she received at a 1933 s\u00e9ance, allegedly from Schumann himself, about this concerto of which she had never previously heard, she claimed the right to perform it publicly for the first time. That was not to be, but she did perform it at the London premiere.\nFrom her 20s, Jelly d'Aranyi was a lifelong friend of Georgie Hyde-Lees, the wife of W. B. Yeats.\nShe died in Florence in 1966 aged 72.", "Q223499": "Stockholm Arlanda Airport (IATA: ARN, ICAO: ESSA) is an international airport located in the Sigtuna Municipality of Sweden, near the town of M\u00e4rsta, 37 kilometres (23 mi) north of Stockholm and nearly 40 kilometres (25 mi) south-east of Uppsala. The airport is located within Stockholm County and the province of Uppland. It is the largest airport in Sweden and the third-largest airport in the Nordic countries. The airport is the major gateway to international air travel for large parts of Sweden. Arlanda Airport was used by close to 27 million passengers in 2017, with 21.2 million international passengers and 5.5 million domestic.Stockholm Arlanda Airport is the larger of Stockholm's two airports. The other, Stockholm\u2013Bromma, is located north-west of the city's centre but can be used only by a small number of smaller aircraft. The smaller airports in Nyk\u00f6ping and V\u00e4ster\u00e5s are both located around 100 kilometres (60 mi) away from the Swedish capital. Stockholm Arlanda serves as a major hub for Scandinavian Airlines and Norwegian Air Shuttle.", "Q9301": "Serbo-Croatian ( (listen); srpskohrvatski / \u0441\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438 or hrvatskosrpski/ \u0445\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043ao\u0441\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0438; also called Serbo-Croat , Serbo-Croat-Bosnian [SCB], Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian [BCS], or Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian [BCMS]) is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. It is a pluricentric language with four mutually intelligible standard varieties.South Slavic languages historically formed a continuum. The turbulent history of the area, particularly due to expansion of the Ottoman Empire, resulted in a patchwork of dialectal and religious differences. Due to population migrations, Shtokavian became the most widespread language in the western Balkans, intruding westwards into the area previously occupied by Chakavian and Kajkavian (which further blend into Slovenian in the northwest). Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs differ in religion and were historically often part of different cultural circles, although a large part of the nations have lived side by side under foreign overlords. During that period, the language was referred to under a variety of names, such as \"Slavic\" in general or \"Serbian\", \"Croatian\" or \"Bosnian\" in particular. In a classicizing manner, it was also referred to as \"Illyrian\".\nThe process of linguistic standardization of Serbo-Croatian was originally initiated in the mid-19th-century Vienna Literary Agreement by Croatian and Serbian writers and philologists, decades before a Yugoslav state was established. From the very beginning, there were slightly different literary Serbian and Croatian standards, although both were based on the same dialect of Shtokavian, Eastern Herzegovinian. In the 20th century, Serbo-Croatian served as the official language of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (when it was called \"Serbo-Croato-Slovenian\"), and later as one of the official languages of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The breakup of Yugoslavia affected language attitudes, so that social conceptions of the language separated on ethnic and political lines. Since the breakup of Yugoslavia, Bosnian has likewise been established as an official standard in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and there is an ongoing movement to codify a separate Montenegrin standard. Serbo-Croatian thus generally goes by the names Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac.Like other South Slavic languages, Serbo-Croatian has a simple phonology, with the common five-vowel system and twenty-five consonants. Its grammar evolved from Common Slavic, with complex inflection, preserving seven grammatical cases in nouns, pronouns, and adjectives. Verbs exhibit imperfective or perfective aspect, with a moderately complex tense system. Serbo-Croatian is a pro-drop language with flexible word order, subject\u2013verb\u2013object being the default. It can be written in Serbian Cyrillic or Gaj's Latin alphabet, whose thirty letters mutually map one-to-one, and the orthography is highly phonemic in all standards.", "Q286757": "Les Dalton is a 2004 French Western comedy film directed by Philippe Ha\u00efm. It was inspired by the characters The Daltons in the comic Lucky Luke. It was filmed in France, Germany, and Spain. It was released 8 December 2004.\nThe comic had previously inspired several films, in particular La Ballade des Dalton (1978). The film's budget of $42 million makes it one of the most expensive non-English language films.The film was presented at the 7\u00ba Almer\u00eda Western Film Festival on October 11, 2017.", "Q722202": "Yoram Kaniuk (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e8\u05dd \u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05e7\u200e; May 2, 1930 \u2013 June 8, 2013) was an Israeli writer, painter, journalist, and theatre critic.", "Q966717": "Ben Diogaye B\u00e8ye (born 1947) is a Senegalese filmwriter, filmmaker, film producer and journalist. He was the co-director of nearly a dozen Senegalese films, including Touki Bouki with Djibril Diop Mambety, Baks with Momar Thiam, Sarah et Marjama with Axel Lohman, and the co-screenwriter of the latter two.Educated in Paris, he was an apprentice of several noted Senegalese filmmakers, including Ousmane Semb\u00e8ne, Ababacar Samb, and Djibril Diop Mambety. He has been a radio broadcaster-producer for Radio Senegal and also as a professional journalist, directing the Senegalese news agency's \"Sports and Culture\" department.His first (short) film was Les Princes Noirs de Saint Germain-des-Pr\u00e8s, released in 1972, which is also his best known. It is a satire on a young and unemployed African trying to live differently in the French capital. His second film, Samba Tali, was released in early 1975. He produced and directed it based on his own screenplay. It received the Best Short Film Prize at the Festival International du Film de l'Ensemble Francophone in Gen\u00e8va in 1975 and at the Carthage Festival in 1976.Bey produced and directed his first feature film, Sey, Seyti, in 1980, which was critical of polygamy in Senegal. It was the runner up for the Best Screenplay Prize at a contest organized for the Francophone countries by the Agency for Technical and Cultural Cooperation. It received an honorable mention at the Locarno Film Festival and the Prix de la Commune Pan-African Film Festivals in 1980 and 1981 respectively.In 1987, he directed a documentary film on the Senegalese Red Cross. Other films he created include Un Homme Des Femmes (1983) and Moytuleen (1996). His most recent and second full-length film is Un Amour d\u2019Enfant, released in 2004, which looks at childhood love. It won the UNICEF Award for the Promotion of Children\u2019s Rights at the Pan-African Film Festival in 2005 and a Special Mention from the World Catholic Association for Communication.He wrote the original script of Thiaroye '44, a project later renamed Camp de Thiaroye. Beye is a member of the Association of Senegalese Filmmakers.", "Q287449": "Brooke Adams (born February 8, 1949) is an American actress. She is best known for her film roles as Abby in Days of Heaven (1978), Elizabeth Driscoll in Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978) and Sarah Bracknell in The Dead Zone (1983).", "Q233852": "Elizabeth Ruth Grable (December 18, 1916 \u2013 July 2, 1973) was an American actress, pin-up girl, dancer, model, and singer. Her 42 films during the 1930s and 1940s grossed more than $100 million, for 10 consecutive years (1942-1951) she reigned in the Quigley Poll's Top 10 box office stars ( a feat only matched by Doris Day and Barbra Streisand). The U.S. Treasury Department in 1946 and 1947 listed her as the highest-salaried American woman; she earned more than $3 million during her career.Grable began her film career in 1929 at age 12, after which she was fired from a contract when it was learned she signed up under false identification. She had contracts with RKO and Paramount Pictures during the 1930s, and appeared in a string of B movies, mostly portraying college students. Grable came to prominence in the Broadway musical DuBarry Was a Lady (1939), which brought her to the attention of 20th Century-Fox.\nShe replaced Alice Faye in Down Argentine Way (1940), her first major Hollywood film, and became Fox's biggest film star throughout the remaining decade. Fox cast Grable in a succession of Technicolor musicals during the decade that were immensely popular, co-starring with such leading men as Victor Mature, Don Ameche, John Payne, and Tyrone Power. In 1943, she was the number-one box-office draw in the world and, in 1947, she was the highest-paid entertainer in the United States. Two of her biggest film successes were the musical Mother Wore Tights (1947) and the comedy How to Marry a Millionaire (1953), one of her last films. Grable retired from screen acting in 1955 after she withdrew from her Fox contract, although she continued to perform on the stage and on television.Throughout her career, Grable was a celebrated sex symbol. Her bathing suit poster made her the number-one pin-up girl of World War II, surpassing Rita Hayworth. It was later included in the Life magazine project \"100 Photographs That Changed the World\". Hosiery specialists of the era often noted the ideal proportions of her legs as thigh (18.5 in (47 cm)), calf (12 in (30 cm)), and ankle (7.5 in (19 cm)). Grable's legs were insured by her studio for $1 million as a publicity stunt. Describing her film career, Grable said \"I became a star for two reasons, and I'm standing on them.\"", "Q640493": "K\u0119pno [\u02c8k\u025bmpn\u0254] (listen) (German: Kempen in Posen) is a town in Poland. It lies on the outskirts of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, as it borders on Silesia and the \u0141\u00f3dz Land. As of December 31, 2009 K\u0119pno had a population of 14,760. One popular attraction in K\u0119pno is the recently restored Rynek (market square).\n\n", "Q64784": "B\u00fcnzen is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q254611": "Yukiko Okada (\u5ca1\u7530 \u6709\u5e0c\u5b50, Okada Yukiko, August 22, 1967 \u2013 April 8, 1986) was a Japanese idol and winner of the talent show Star Tanj\u014d! in Tokyo, Japan.", "Q265": "Uzbekistan (UK: , US: ; Uzbek: O\u02bbzbekiston \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d pronounced [ozbeki\u02c8st\u0252n]), officially Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Uzbek: \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0441\u0438), is a country in Central Asia. It is bordered by five landlocked countries: Kazakhstan to the north; Kyrgyzstan to the northeast; Tajikistan to the southeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest. Along with Liechtenstein, it is one of only two doubly landlocked countries.\nAs a sovereign state, Uzbekistan is a secular, unitary constitutional republic. It comprises 12 provinces (vilayats) and one autonomous republic (Republic of Karakalpakstan). The capital and largest city of Uzbekistan is Tashkent.\nWhat is now Uzbekistan was in ancient times part of the Iranian-speaking region of Transoxiana and Turan. The first recorded settlers were Eastern Iranian nomads, known as Scythians, who founded kingdoms in Khwarezm (8th\u20136th centuries BC), Bactria (8th\u20136th centuries BC), Sogdia (8th\u20136th centuries BC), Fergana (3rd century BC \u2013 6th century AD), and Margiana (3rd century BC \u2013 6th century AD). The area was incorporated into the Iranian Achaemenid Empire and, after a period of Macedonian Greek rule, was ruled by the Iranian Parthian Empire and later by the Sasanian Empire, until the Arab conquest of Iran in the 7th century. The Muslim conquest in the 7th century converted the majority of the population, including the local ruling classes, into adherents of Islam. During this period, cities such as Samarkand, Khiva and Bukhara began to grow rich from the Silk Road, and witnessed the emergence of leading figures of the Islamic Golden Age, including Muhammad al-Bukhari, Al-Tirmidhi,al-Biruni, and Avicenna. The local Khwarezmian dynasty, and Central Asia as a whole, were decimated by the Mongol invasion in the 13th century. After the Mongol Conquests, the area became increasingly dominated by Turkic peoples. The city of Shahrisabz was the birthplace of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Tamerlane (Timur), who in the 14th century established the Timurid Empire and was proclaimed the Supreme Emir of Turan with his capital in Samarkand, which became a world centre of science under the rule of Ulugh Beg, giving birth to the Timurid Renaissance. The territories of the Timurid dynasty were conquered by Uzbek Shaybanids in the 16th century, moving the centre of power from Samarkand to Bukhara. The region was split into three states: Khanate of Khiva, Khanate of Kokand, and Emirate of Bukhara. Conquests by Emperor Babur towards the East led the foundation of India's proto-industrialised Mughal Empire. It was gradually incorporated into the Russian Empire during the 19th century, with Tashkent becoming the political center of Russian Turkestan. In 1924, after national delimitation, the constituent republic of the Soviet Union known as the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was created. Following the break-up of the Soviet Union, it declared independence as the Republic of Uzbekistan on 31 August 1991.\nUzbekistan has a diverse cultural heritage due to its storied history and strategic location. Its first major official language is Uzbek, a Turkic language written in the Latin alphabet and spoken natively by approximately 85% of the population. Russian has widespread use as an inter-ethnic communication language and as a language of governance. Uzbeks constitute 81% of the population, followed by Russians (5.4%), Tajiks (4.0%), Kazakhs (3.0%), and others (6.5%). Muslims constitute 79% of the population while 5% of the population follow Russian Orthodox Christianity, and 16% of the population follow other religions or are non-religious. A majority of Uzbeks are non-denominational Muslims. Uzbekistan is a member of the CIS, OSCE, UN, and the SCO. While officially a democratic republic, by 2008 non-governmental human rights organisations defined Uzbekistan as \"an authoritarian state with limited civil rights\".Following the death of Islam Karimov in 2016, the second president, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, started a new course, which was described as a A Quiet Revolution and Revolution from Above. He stated he intended to abolish cotton slavery, systematic use of child labour, and exit visas, and to introduce a tax reform and create four new free economic zones, and he has amnestied some political prisoners. Relations with the neighbouring countries of Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Afghanistan drastically improved. However, the Amnesty International report on human rights in the country for 2017/2018 described continued repressive measures, including forced labour in cotton harvesting, and restrictions on the movement of 'freed' prisoners.The Uzbek economy is in a gradual transition to the market economy, with foreign trade policy being based on import substitution. In September 2017, the country's currency became fully convertible at market rates. Uzbekistan is a major producer and exporter of cotton. With the gigantic power-generation facilities of the Soviet era and an ample supply of natural gas, Uzbekistan has become the largest electricity producer in Central Asia. Renewable energy constitutes more than 23% of the country's energy sector, with hydroelectricity and solar energy having 21.4% and 2% respectively.\nAs of late 2018, the republic was given a BB- rating by both Standard and Poor (S&P) and Fitch. Strengths indicated by Brookings Institution include Uzbekistan having large liquid assets, high economic growth, and low public debt. Among the constraints holding the republic back are low GDP per capita, something the government could influence by changing how it accounts for sectors of the economy not currently included.\n\n", "Q829982": "Besnik Bajram Mustafaj (born 1958) is an Albanian writer and diplomat.", "Q808794": "Barrab\u00e1s are a Spanish musical group, most successful in the 1970s and 1980s when they were led by drummer and producer Fernando Arbex. The group's musical style was initially Latin rock with jazz and funk influences, and later developed into a more disco-orientated sound.\n\n", "Q175129": "The 13th arrondissement of Paris (XIIIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as treizi\u00e8me.\nThe arrondissement, called Gobelins, is situated on the left bank of the River Seine. It is home to Paris's principal Asian community, the Quartier Asiatique, located in the southeast of the arrondissement in an area that contains many high-rise apartment buildings. The neighborhood features a high concentration of ethnic Chinese and Vietnamese businesses. The current mayor is J\u00e9r\u00f4me Coumet (Socialist), who was re-elected by the arrondissement council on 29 March 2008 after the list which he headed gained 70% of the votes cast in the second round of the 2008 French municipal elections, and was again re-elected on 13 April 2014.\nThe 13th arrondissement also hosts the Biblioth\u00e8que Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand and the newly built business district of Paris Rive Gauche.", "Q57366": "Emomali Rahmon (Tajik: \u042d\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u04e3 \u0420\u0430\u04b3\u043c\u043e\u043d, romanized: Emomal\u00ee Rahmon/Emomal\u012b Rahmon; born 5 October 1952) is a Tajikistani politician who has served as President of Tajikistan (or its equivalent post) since 1994. His rule is regarded by Human Rights Watch as a dictatorship.", "Q115805": "Charles Journet (26 January 1891 \u2013 15 April 1975) was a Swiss Roman Catholic theologian and cardinal.\nJournet has been considered a figure of holiness and his cause for canonisation is set to commence. This means that he shall be accorded the title Servant of God when the cause commences on a diocesan level.", "Q271491": "Greta Conway Van Susteren (born June 11, 1954) is an American commentator, lawyer, and former television news anchor for CNN, Fox News, and NBC News. She hosted Fox News's On the Record w/ Greta Van Susteren for 14 years (2002\u20132016) before departing for MSNBC, where she hosted For the Record with Greta for roughly six months in 2017. A former criminal defense and civil trial lawyer, she appeared as a legal analyst on CNN co-hosting Burden of Proof with Roger Cossack from 1994 to 2002, playing defense attorney to Cossack's prosecutor. In 2016, she was listed as the 94th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes, up from 99th in 2015.", "Q519210": "Jean Wyllys (born Jean Wyllys de Matos Santos on 10 March 1974 in Alagoinhas, Bahia, Brazil) is a Brazilian lecturer, journalist and politician who rose to fame after winning the fifth season of Big Brother Brasil. He was also notable as being Brazil's second openly gay member of parliament and the first congressman who was a gay-rights activist. He has been compared to Harvey Milk for his work. In 2019, citing death threats, he gave up on his Congress seat.", "Q1715697": "J\u00f8rn Lyseggen is a Norwegian serial entrepreneur, patent inventor and the founder and CEO of Meltwater and the Meltwater Entrepreneurial School of Technology (MEST).", "Q240894": "Jakob the Liar is a 1999 American war comedy-drama film directed by Peter Kassovitz, produced by Steven Haft, Marsha Garces Williams and written by Kassovitz and Didier Decoin. The film is based on the book of the same name by Jurek Becker. The film stars Robin Williams, Alan Arkin, Liev Schreiber, Hannah Taylor-Gordon, and Bob Balaban. The film is set in 1944 in a ghetto in German-occupied Poland during the Holocaust and tells the story of a Polish-Jewish shopkeeper named Jakob Heym who attempts to raise the moral hope inside the ghetto by telling rumors that he has been listening to a radio. It is a remake of the 1975 East German-Czechoslovakian film Jakob der L\u00fcgner.\n\n", "Q173558": "Harvey Postlethwaite (4 March 1944 \u2013 15 April 1999) was a British engineer and Technical Director of several Formula One teams during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. He died of a heart attack in Spain while supervising the testing of the aborted Honda F1 project. He was married to Cherry and had two children, Ben and Amey.", "Q500999": "Eugen Barbu (Romanian pronunciation: [e.u\u02c8d\u0361\u0292en \u02c8barbu]; 20 February 1924 \u2013 7 September 1993) was a Romanian modern novelist, short story writer, journalist, and correspondent member of the Romanian Academy. The latter position was vehemently criticized by those who contended that he plagiarized in his novel Incognito and for the anti-Semitic campaigns he initiated in the newspapers S\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na and Rom\u00e2nia Mare which he founded and led. He also founded, alongside his disciple Corneliu Vadim Tudor, the ultra-nationalist Greater Romania Party (PRM).His most famous writings are the novels Groapa (1957) and Principele (1969). Barbu's prose, in which the influence of neorealism has been noted, drew comparison to the works of Mateiu Caragiale, Tudor Arghezi, and Curzio Malaparte. It was however, considered unequal by several critics, who took into measure Barbu's preference for archaisms, as well as his fluctuating narrative style.Barbu also wrote several film scripts, some of which were for films starring his wife, the actress Marga Barbu (Florin Piersic's M\u0103rgelatu series).", "Q49158": "Springfield is a city in the state of Massachusetts, United States, and the seat of Hampden County. Springfield sits on the eastern bank of the Connecticut River near its confluence with three rivers: the western Westfield River, the eastern Chicopee River, and the eastern Mill River. As of the 2010 Census, the city's population was 153,060. As of 2018, the estimated population was 155,032, making it the third-largest city in Massachusetts, the fourth-most populous city in New England after Boston, Worcester, and Providence, and the 12th-most populous in the Northeastern United States. Metropolitan Springfield, as one of two metropolitan areas in Massachusetts (the other being Greater Boston), had a population of 692,942 as of 2010.Founded in 1636 as the first Springfield in the New World, during the American Revolution, George Washington designated it as the site of the Springfield Armory for its central location, subsequently the site of Shays' Rebellion. The city would also play a pivotal role in the Civil War, as a stop on the Underground Railroad and home of abolitionist John Brown, widely known for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and for the Armory's manufacture of the famed \"Springfield rifles\" used ubiquitously by Union troops. Closing during the Johnson administration, today the national park site features the largest collection of historic American firearms in the world. Today the city is the largest in western New England, and the urban, economic, and media capital of Massachusetts' section of the Connecticut River Valley, colloquially known as the Pioneer Valley.\nSpringfield has several nicknames\u2014\"The City of Firsts\", due to the many innovations developed there, such as the first American dictionary, the first American gas-powered automobile, and the first machining lathe for interchangeable parts; \"The City of Homes\", due to its Victorian residential architecture; and \"Hoop City\", as basketball\u2014one of the world's most popular sports\u2014was invented in Springfield in 1891 by James Naismith.\nHartford, the capital of Connecticut, lies 24 miles (39 km) south of Springfield, on the western bank of the Connecticut River. The Hartford\u2013Springfield region is known as the Knowledge Corridor because it hosts over 160,000 university students and over 32 universities and liberal arts colleges\u2014the second-highest concentration of higher-learning institutions in the United States. The city of Springfield itself is home to Springfield College, Western New England University, American International College, and Springfield Technical Community College, among other higher educational institutions.", "Q153688": "Umberto I (Italian: Umberto Rainerio Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di Savoia; 14 March 1844 \u2013 29 July 1900), nicknamed the Good (Italian: il Buono), was the King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his assassination on 29 July 1900.\nUmberto's reign saw Italy attempt colonial expansion into the Horn of Africa, successfully gaining Eritrea and Somalia despite being defeated by Abyssinia at the Battle of Adwa in 1896. In 1882, he approved the Triple Alliance with the German Empire and Austria-Hungary.\nHe was deeply loathed in leftist circles because of his conservatism and support of the Bava-Beccaris massacre in Milan. He was especially hated by anarchists, who attempted to assassinate him during the first year of his reign. He was killed by another anarchist, Gaetano Bresci, two years after the Bava-Beccaris massacre.\n\n", "Q122071": "Fritz-Rudolf Schultz (19 February 1917 \u2013 2 March 2002) was a German politician and member of the FDP. During World War II, Schultz served in the Wehrmacht as an officer and regimental commander. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. \nAfter the war Schultz initially worked on his parents vineyard in Gau-Bischofsheim. He became a member of the German Bundestag and was elected Ombudsman for the Military (Wehrbeauftragter) on 11 March 1970. He held this office until 19 March 1975.", "Q435088": "Marie Glory (born Raymonde Louise Marcelle Toully, 3 March 1905 \u2013 24 January 2009) was a French actress.", "Q213572": "Neue Deutsche H\u00e4rte (which means new German hardness in English), otherwise known as NDH, Tanzmetall and dance-metal, is a sub-genre of rock music that developed in Germany and Austria during the early and mid-1980s, 1990s and 2000s. Alluding to the style of Neue Deutsche Welle, the term was coined by the music press after the 1995 release of the German rock and metal band Rammstein's first studio album Herzeleid.\n\n", "Q81046": "Charleroi (UK: , US: , French: [\u0283a\u0281l\u0259\u0281wa]; Walloon: Tch\u00e5lerw\u00e8 [t\u0283\u0251\u02d0l\u025b\u0280w\u025b]) is a city and a municipality of Wallonia, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. By January 1, 2008, the total population of Charleroi was 201,593. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 1,462 square kilometres (564 sq mi) with a total population of 522,522 by January 1, 2008, ranking it as the 5th most populous in Belgium after Brussels, Antwerp, Li\u00e8ge, and Ghent. The inhabitants are called Carolor\u00e9giens or simply Carolos.", "Q252248": "Fred Lincoln \"Link\" Wray, Jr. (May 2, 1929 \u2013 November 5, 2005) was a Shawnee rock and roll guitarist, songwriter, and vocalist who became popular in the late 1950s.\nBuilding on the distorted electric guitar sound of early records, his 1958 instrumental hit \"Rumble\" by Link Wray & His Ray Men popularized \"the power chord, the major modus operandi of modern rock guitarists,\" facilitating the emergence of \"punk and heavy rock\". Rolling Stone placed Wray at No. 45 of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time. In 2013 and 2017 he was a nominee for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Though he began in country music, his musical style went on to consist primarily of rock and roll, rockabilly, and instrumental rock.", "Q437847": "Vittorio Arrigoni (Italian pronunciation: [vit\u02cct\u0254\u02d0rjo arri\u02c8\u0261o\u02d0ni]; 4 February 1975 \u2013 15 April 2011) was an Italian reporter, writer, pacifist and activist. Arrigoni worked with the pro-Palestinian International Solidarity Movement (ISM) in the Gaza Strip, from 2008 until his death. Arrigoni maintained a website, Guerrilla Radio, and published a book of his experiences in Gaza during the 2008\u201309 Gaza War between Hamas and Israel. Arrigoni was the first foreigner kidnapped in Gaza since BBC journalist Alan Johnston's abduction in 2007. He was subsequently killed. His murder was condemned by various Palestinian groups.", "Q723134": "James Mountain Inhofe (; born November 17, 1934) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Oklahoma, a seat he was first elected to in 1994. A member of the Republican Party, he chaired the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works (EPW) from 2003 to 2007 and again from 2015 to 2017. Inhofe served as the U.S. Representative for Oklahoma's 1st congressional district from 1987 to 1994 and as mayor of Tulsa from 1978 to 1984.\nInhofe is known for his rejection of the scientific consensus on climate change. He supports a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage and has proposed the Inhofe Amendment to make English the national language of the United States.\nInhofe served as acting chairman of the Armed Services Committee while John McCain fought cancer in 2018. After McCain's death, he became chairman.", "Q64974": "Degersheim is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q724883": "Alberto Rodr\u00edguez de Lista y Arag\u00f3n (October 15, 1775 \u2013 October 5, 1848), Spanish poet and educationalist, was born at Seville.\nHe began teaching at the age of fifteen, and when little over twenty was made professor of elocution and poetry at the University of Seville. In 1813 he was exiled, on political grounds, but pardoned in 1817. He then returned to Spain and, after teaching for three years at Bilbao, started a critical review at Madrid. Shortly afterwards he founded the celebrated college of San Mateo in that city. The liberal character of the San Mateo educational system was not favored by the government, and in 1823 the college was closed.Lista after some time spent in Bayonne, Paris and London was recalled to Spain in 1833 to edit the official Madrid Gazette. He was one of the founders of the Ateneo, the free university of Madrid, and up till 1840 was director of a college at Cadiz. All the leading spirits of the young generation of Spaniards, statesmen, writers, soldiers and diplomatists came under his influence. He died at Seville on October 5, 1848.", "Q80358": "Mateja Matevski (13 March 1929 \u2013 6 June 2018) was a Macedonian poet, literary and theater critic, essayist, and translator.", "Q127109": "Marcel L'Herbier (French: [l\u025b\u0281bje]; 23 April 1888 \u2013 26 November 1979) was a French filmmaker who achieved prominence as an avant-garde theorist and imaginative practitioner with a series of silent films in the 1920s. His career as a director continued until the 1950s and he made more than 40 feature films in total. During the 1950s and 1960s, he worked on cultural programmes for French television. He also fulfilled many administrative roles in the French film industry, and he was the founder and the first President of the French film school Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes cin\u00e9matographiques (IDHEC).\n\n", "Q7304": "Gustav Mahler (German: [\u02c8ma\u02d0l\u0250]; 7 July 1860 \u2013 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th century Austro-German tradition and the modernism of the early 20th century. While in his lifetime his status as a conductor was established beyond question, his own music gained wide popularity only after periods of relative neglect, which included a ban on its performance in much of Europe during the Nazi era. After 1945 his compositions were rediscovered by a new generation of listeners; Mahler then became one of the most frequently performed and recorded of all composers, a position he has sustained into the 21st century. In 2016, a BBC Music Magazine survey of 151 conductors ranked three of his symphonies in the top ten symphonies of all time.Born in Bohemia (then part of the Austrian Empire) to Jewish parents of humble origins, the German-speaking Mahler displayed his musical gifts at an early age. After graduating from the Vienna Conservatory in 1878, he held a succession of conducting posts of rising importance in the opera houses of Europe, culminating in his appointment in 1897 as director of the Vienna Court Opera (Hofoper). During his ten years in Vienna, Mahler\u2014who had converted to Catholicism to secure the post\u2014experienced regular opposition and hostility from the anti-Semitic press. Nevertheless, his innovative productions and insistence on the highest performance standards ensured his reputation as one of the greatest of opera conductors, particularly as an interpreter of the stage works of Wagner, Mozart, and Tchaikovsky. Late in his life he was briefly director of New York's Metropolitan Opera and the New York Philharmonic.\nMahler's \u0153uvre is relatively limited; for much of his life composing was necessarily a part-time activity while he earned his living as a conductor. Aside from early works such as a movement from a piano quartet composed when he was a student in Vienna, Mahler's works are generally designed for large orchestral forces, symphonic choruses and operatic soloists. These works were frequently controversial when first performed, and several were slow to receive critical and popular approval; exceptions included his Second Symphony, Third Symphony, and the triumphant premiere of his Eighth Symphony in 1910. Some of Mahler's immediate musical successors included the composers of the Second Viennese School, notably Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg and Anton Webern. Dmitri Shostakovich and Benjamin Britten are among later 20th-century composers who admired and were influenced by Mahler. The International Gustav Mahler Institute was established in 1955 to honour the composer's life and achievements.", "Q43313": "The Witenalpstock is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Uri and Graub\u00fcnden. It lies west of the Oberalpstock, between the Etzlital and the Val Strem.", "Q951193": "John Forster (2 April 1812 \u2013 2 February 1876), was an English biographer and critic. He was a friend of author Charles Dickens.", "Q596045": "Antonio D'Antoni (25 June 1801 \u2013 18 August 1859) was an Italian opera composer and conductor.", "Q1402435": "Giant Records was launched in 1990 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. Records and record executive Irving Azoff. Currently, this name is used for Swedish label owned by Warner Music Sweden, a Swedish branch of Warner Music Group.\nIn 1990, Giant became a subsidiary label for Warner Music Group. Its first release, in early 1991, was the Gulf War all-star tribute song \"Voices That Care,\" assembled by producer David Foster. That spring, \"Hold You Tight\" by Tara Kemp was released and went on to become a Top 5 single. In the months that followed, Giant Records released the soundtrack album for the film New Jack City, selling 16 million copies worldwide. The label signed such acts as MC Hammer, Jade, Lord Finesse, and teen pop star Jeremy Jordan. Giant also signed established acts such as Big Car, Miles Zuniga, Steely Dan, Warren Zevon, Oingo Boingo, Chicago, Deep Purple, Morbid Angel, Brian Wilson, and Kenny Rogers. The label also operated a country music division in Nashville; the first act signed was Dennis Robbins.In 1993, Giant became dissatisfied with Warner Music Group's practice of international affairs, so it made a deal with BMG to distribute its recordings outside the U.S. By the mid- to late 1990s, the company had replaced most of its staff and launched a subsidiary label called Revolution Records; Brian Wilson signed with the new label in 1997.The company later reverted to its original name and distributed Paladin Records, which included singer-songwriter Steve Forbert. In 2001, Warner Music Group ended its joint venture with Giant, which was absorbed into Warner Bros. Records. Since then, BMG no longer repressed and distributed any previous releases of Giant. Distribution of current reissues are done by Warner Music's reissue division, Rhino, in conjunction with Warner Records, and many reissues still include Giant logo on packaging.\nIn February 2015, Warner Music Sweden announced that it would reactivate Giant's name; the first single released under the new Giant Records banner was Simon Erics' \"Waiting for the Sun.\"", "Q263095": "Andrew Lewis Prine (born February 14, 1936) is an American film, stage, and television actor.", "Q504241": "Charles Joseph Melan\u00e7on (; born October 3, 1947) is an American politician and the former secretary of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries.\nFrom 2005-11, he was the U.S. Representative for Louisiana's 3rd congressional district. He earlier served as a state representative, from 1987 to 1993. In 2010, he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate seat held by the Republican David Vitter.", "Q88062": "Anton Kuh (12 July 1890 in Vienna \u2013 18 January 1941 in New York City) was an Austrian-Jewish journalist and essayist.", "Q621737": "The Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 litt\u00e9raire des Goncourt (Goncourt Literary Society), usually called the acad\u00e9mie Goncourt (Goncourt Academy), is a French literary organization based in Paris. It was founded by the French writer and publisher Edmond de Goncourt (1822\u20131896). He wanted to create a new way to encourage literature in France, and disagreed with the contemporary policies of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.", "Q693185": "Toggenburg is a region of Switzerland. It corresponds to the upper valley of the river Thur and that of its main tributary, the Necker. Since 1 January 2003, Toggenburg has been a constituency (Wahlkreis) of the canton of St. Gallen (SFOS number 1727).", "Q357324": "Javier Barros Sierra (1915-1971) was a Mexican engineer and Rector of the National Autonomous University of Mexico during the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre.Born in Mexico city, he studied civil engineering at UNAM. He became president of the student society of the Faculty of Sciences in 1936 and University Counsellor in 1938. He taught for more than 20 years in the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (a high school of UNAM) and the National School of Engineering (later Faculty of Engineering), of whom he was director from 1955 to 1958. He became Rector on May 5, 1966. During his rectorship, the government and the army entered Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM's main campus. In protest of these actions and the indiscriminate beating of UNAM's students, he resigned his post on September 23, 9 days before the massacre in Tlatelolco. He was reinstated as Rector after the liberation of CU, a post he held until May 5, 1970.", "Q215665": "Arnaldur Indri\u00f0ason (pronounced [\u02c8artnalt\u028fr \u02c8\u026antr\u026a\u00f0as\u0254n]; born 8 January 1961) is an Icelandic writer of crime fiction; most of his books feature the protagonist Detective Erlendur.", "Q176346": "Frank Lewis O'Bannon (January 30, 1930 \u2013 September 13, 2003) was an American politician who served as the 47th Governor of Indiana from 1997 until his death in 2003.\nO'Bannon was a native of Corydon, Indiana. He attended Corydon Central High School and then Indiana University, where he met his wife Judy. In Corydon, he served as a practicing attorney and a newspaper publisher for The Corydon Democrat before his entrance into the political arena.\nA Democrat, O'Bannon was first elected to the Indiana Senate in 1969. He eventually became one of the body's most prominent members. O'Bannon ran for Governor of Indiana in 1988; however, instead of facing a hotly competitive primary, O'Bannon dropped out of the race and became the running mate of Evan Bayh. The Bayh/O'Bannon ticket was successful, and O'Bannon served in the role of lieutenant governor for eight years. In this position, he served as President of the State Senate and directed the state's agriculture and commerce programs.\nWith Bayh ineligible to seek a third consecutive term as governor in 1996, O'Bannon ran for governor that year. He was initially considered a heavy underdog, but emerged a narrow victor over Indianapolis Mayor Stephen Goldsmith. He was re-elected in 2000, defeating Congressman David M. McIntosh. As governor, O'Bannon was known for advocating for education-related issues and helping to create the state's AMBER Alert System. He presided over a period of economic prosperity for the state in the 1990s and served a term as Chairman of Midwestern Governors Association. O'Bannon died in office in 2003 and was succeeded by Lieutenant Governor Joe E. Kernan. He is the most recent governor of any U.S. state to die in office.", "Q552007": "Ethan Allen (January 21, 1738 [O.S. January 10, 1737] \u2013 February 12, 1789) was a farmer, businessman, land speculator, philosopher, writer, lay theologian, American Revolutionary War patriot, and politician. He is best known as one of the founders of Vermont and for the capture of Fort Ticonderoga early in the Revolutionary War. He was the brother of Ira Allen and the father of Frances Allen.\nAllen was born in rural Connecticut and had a frontier upbringing, but he also received an education that included some philosophical teachings. In the late 1760s, he became interested in the New Hampshire Grants, buying land there and becoming embroiled in the legal disputes surrounding the territory. Legal setbacks led to the formation of the Green Mountain Boys, whom Allen led in a campaign of intimidation and property destruction to drive New York settlers from the Grants. He and the Green Mountain Boys seized the initiative early in the Revolutionary War and captured Fort Ticonderoga in May 1775. In September 1775, he led a failed attempt on Montreal which resulted in his capture by British authorities. He was imprisoned aboard Royal Navy ships, then paroled in New York City, and finally released in a prisoner exchange in 1778.\nUpon his release, Allen returned to the New Hampshire Grants which had declared independence in 1777, and he resumed political activity in the territory, continuing resistance to New York's attempts to assert control over the territory. He lobbied Congress for Vermont's official state recognition, and he participated in controversial negotiations with the British over the possibility of Vermont becoming a separate British province.\nAllen wrote accounts of his exploits in the war that were widely read in the 19th century, as well as philosophical treatises and documents relating to the politics of Vermont's formation. His business dealings included successful farming operations, one of Connecticut's early iron works, and land speculation in the Vermont territory. Allen and his brothers purchased tracts of land that became Burlington, Vermont. He was married twice, fathering eight children.\n\n", "Q7462": "The Song dynasty (Chinese: \u5b8b\u671d; pinyin: S\u00f2ng ch\u00e1o; 960\u20131279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Song often came into conflict with the contemporaneous Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties to its north. It was eventually conquered by the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Song government was the first in world history to issue banknotes or true paper money nationally and the first Chinese government to establish a permanent standing navy. This dynasty also saw the first known use of gunpowder, as well as the first discernment of true north using a compass.\nThe Song dynasty is divided into two distinct periods: Northern Song and Southern Song. During the Northern Song (Chinese: \u5317\u5b8b; 960\u20131127), the Song capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng) and the dynasty controlled most of what is now Eastern China. The Southern Song (Chinese: \u5357\u5b8b; 1127\u20131279) refers to the period after the Song lost control of its northern half to the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in the Jin\u2013Song Wars. During this time, the Song court retreated south of the Yangtze and established its capital at Lin'an (now Hangzhou). Although the Song dynasty had lost control of the traditional \"birthplace of Chinese civilization\" along the Yellow River, the Song economy was still strong, as the Southern Song empire contained a large population and productive agricultural land. The Southern Song dynasty considerably bolstered its naval strength to defend its waters and land borders and to conduct maritime missions abroad. To repel the Jin, and later the Mongols, the Song developed revolutionary new military technology augmented by the use of gunpowder. In 1234, the Jin dynasty was conquered by the Mongols, who took control of northern China, maintaining uneasy relations with the Southern Song. M\u00f6ngke Khan, the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, died in 1259 while besieging the mountain castle Diaoyucheng, Chongqing. His younger brother Kublai Khan was proclaimed the new Great Khan, though his claim was only partially recognized by the Mongols in the west. In 1271, Kublai Khan proclaimed himself Emperor of China and established the Yuan dynasty. After two decades of sporadic warfare, Kublai Khan's armies conquered the Song dynasty in 1279, after the Southern Song suffered military defeat in the Battle of Yamen. The Mongol invasion eventually led to a Chinese reunification under the Yuan dynasty.The population of China doubled in size during the 9th, 10th and 11th centuries. This growth was made possible by expanded rice cultivation in central and southern Song, the use of early-ripening rice from south-east and southern Asia, and the production of widespread food surpluses. The Northern Song census recorded 20 million households, double of the Han and Tang dynasties. It is estimated that the Northern Song had a population of 90 million people, and 200 million by the time of the Ming dynasty. This dramatic increase of population fomented an economic revolution in pre-modern China. The expansion of the population, growth of cities, and the emergence of a national economy led to the gradual withdrawal of the central government from direct involvement in economic affairs. The lower gentry assumed a larger role in grassroots administration and local affairs. Appointed officials in county and provincial centers relied upon the scholarly gentry for their services, sponsorship, and local supervision.\nSocial life during the Song was vibrant. Citizens gathered to view and trade precious artworks, the populace intermingled at public festivals and private clubs, and cities had lively entertainment quarters. The spread of literature and knowledge was enhanced by the rapid expansion of woodblock printing and the 11th-century invention of movable-type printing. Technology, science, philosophy, mathematics, and engineering flourished over the course of the Song. Philosophers such as Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi reinvigorated Confucianism with new commentary, infused with Buddhist ideals, and emphasized a new organization of classic texts that brought out the core doctrine of Neo-Confucianism. Although the institution of the civil service examinations had existed since the Sui dynasty, it became much more prominent in the Song period. The officials who gained power by succeeding in the imperial examination became a leading factor in the shift from a military-aristocratic elite to a scholar-bureaucratic elite.", "Q202319": "William John Clifton Haley (; July 6, 1925 \u2013 February 9, 1981) was a pioneering American rock and roll musician. He is credited by many with first popularizing this form of music in the early 1950s with his group Bill Haley & His Comets and million-selling hits such as \"Rock Around the Clock\", \"See You Later, Alligator\", \"Shake, Rattle and Roll\", \"Rocket 88\", \"Skinny Minnie\", and \"Razzle Dazzle\", and has sold over 60 million records worldwide.", "Q97142": "Thomas Hettche (born 30 November 1964 in Treis, Hesse) is a German author.\nWhat We Are Made Of, an English translation by Shaun Whiteside of Hettche's novel Woraus wir gemacht sind (2006), was published by Picador in Britain in July 2008, and in the United States in October 2010. In 2019, he was awarded the Joseph-Breitbach-Preis.", "Q459620": "The Deutsche Akademie f\u00fcr Sprache und Dichtung (in English German Academy for Language and Literature) was founded on 28 August 1949, on the 200th birthday of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, in the Paulskirche in Frankfurt. It is seated in Darmstadt. It is a society of writers and scholars on matters pertaining to German language and literature in the German sprachraum.", "Q43475": "Derby ( (listen) DAR-bee) is a city and unitary authority area in Derbyshire, England. It lies on the banks of the River Derwent in the south of Derbyshire, of which it was traditionally the county town. Derby gained city status in 1977, and by the 2011 census its population was 248,700.\nDerby was settled by Romans \u2013 who established the town of Derventio \u2013 Saxons and Vikings, who made Derby one of the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw. Initially a market town, Derby grew rapidly in the industrial era. Home to Lombe's Mill, an early British factory, Derby has a claim to be one of the birthplaces of the Industrial Revolution. It contains the southern part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. With the arrival of the railways in the 19th century, Derby became a centre of the British rail industry.\nDerby is a centre for advanced transport manufacturing, home to the world's second largest aero-engine manufacturer, Rolls-Royce. Bombardier Transportation are based at the Derby Litchurch Lane Works and were for many years the UK's only train manufacturer. Toyota Manufacturing UK's automobile headquarters is south west of the city at Burnaston. To the east lies Nottingham, separated by the M1 motorway.", "Q81720": "Silesia (, also UK: , US: ) is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately 40,000 km2 (15,400 sq mi) and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000 inhabitants. Silesia is split into two main sub-regions of Lower Silesia in the west and Upper Silesia in the east. Throughout history, Silesia developed a separate culture featuring diverse architecture, costumes, cuisine, traditions and the Silesian language.\nSilesia is located along the Oder River, with the Sudeten Mountains extending across the southern border. The region possesses many historical landmarks and UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It is also rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wroc\u0142aw. The biggest metropolitan area is the Upper Silesian metropolitan area, the centre of which is Katowice. Parts of the Czech city of Ostrava and the German city of G\u00f6rlitz fall within the borders of Silesia.\nSilesia's borders and national affiliation have changed over time, both when it was a hereditary possession of noble houses and after the rise of modern nation-states. The varied history with changing aristocratic possessions resulted in an abundance of castles, especially in the Jelenia G\u00f3ra valley. The first known states to hold power in Silesia were probably those of Greater Moravia at the end of the 9th century and Bohemia early in the 10th century. In the 10th century, Silesia was incorporated into the early Polish state, and after its division in the 12th century became a Piast duchy. In the 14th century, it became a constituent part of the Bohemian Crown Lands under the Holy Roman Empire, which passed to the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy in 1526. As a result of the Silesian Wars, the region was annexed by Prussia in 1742.\nAfter World War I, the easternmost part of Upper Silesia was granted to Poland by the Entente Powers after insurrections by Poles and the Upper Silesian plebiscite. The remaining former Austrian parts of Silesia were partitioned to Czechoslovakia, forming part of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland region, and are today part of the Czech Republic. In 1945, after World War II, the bulk of Silesia was transferred to Polish jurisdiction by the Potsdam Agreement between the victorious Allies and became part of Poland, whose Communist government expelled the majority of Silesia's previous population. The small Lusatian strip west of the Oder\u2013Neisse line, which had belonged to Silesia since 1815, remained in Germany.\nAs the result of the forced population shifts of 1945\u201348, today's inhabitants of Silesia speak the national languages of their respective countries. Previously German-speaking Lower Silesia has developed a new mixed Polish dialect. An ongoing debate exists whether the Silesian speech should be considered a dialect of Polish or a separate language. The Lower Silesian German dialect is nearing extinction due to their speakers' expulsion.", "Q151921": "Encino Man (known as California Man in Europe, Asia and New Zealand) is a 1992 American comedy film directed by Les Mayfield and starring Brendan Fraser, Sean Astin and Pauly Shore. The plot revolves around two geeky teenagers from Encino, Los Angeles, California, played by Astin and Shore, who discover a caveman in Morgan's backyard frozen in a block of ice.\nThe caveman, played by Fraser, has to learn to live in the 20th century. Along the way, he teaches them about life.", "Q291565": "Mariana Ximenes do Prado Nuzzi (born 26 April 1981) is a Brazilian actress. Her first role was in the telenovela Fascina\u00e7\u00e3o in 1998 where she portrayed the role of Em\u00edlia Gouveia. In the same year she played the role of Ruth Stern in the film Caminho dos Sonhos. In 2000, she played in Uga-Uga portraying \"Bionda\". This role rise to prominence as she became widely known in Brazil and internationally. Later in 2001, she offered her services in the Portuguese voice over translation in the Canadian/Chinese animated series Braceface, for the character Sharon Spitz. She later played the protagonist in Cobras & Lagartos in 2006 and Lara in A Favorita, later in 2008. In 2010, she portrayed her first villainous role in the critically acclaimed telenovela Passione. Since 2010 she has appeared in several telenovelas, television series, films and theatre performances. In 2016, she starred the successor of Totalmente Demais, Haja Cora\u00e7\u00e3o, together with Malvino Salvador.Mariana Ximenes has also earned several accolades throughout her acting career such as: Melhores do Ano, Trof\u00e9u Impresa, Festival de Gramado, Festival do Recife, Pr\u00eamio Contigo among others.", "Q440371": "Suzy Solidor (18 December 1900 \u2013 30 March 1983) was a French singer and actress, appearing in films such as La Gar\u00e7onne.\nSuzy Solidor was born Suzanne Louise Marie Marion in 1900 in the Pie district of Saint-Servan-sur-Mer in Brittany, France. She was the daughter of Louise Marie Adeline Marion, a 28-year-old single mother. In 1907 she became Suzy Rocher when her mother married Eug\u00e8ne Prudent Rocher. She later changed her name to Suzy Solidor when she moved to Paris in the late 1920s, taking the name from a district of Saint-Servan in which she had lived.\nEarly in 1930, she became a popular singer and opened a chic nightclub called La Vie Parisienne. She was openly lesbian.One of the singer\u2019s most famous publicity stunts was to become known as the \u201cmost painted woman in the world\u201d. She posed for some of the most celebrated artists of the day including Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Raoul Dufy, Tamara de Lempicka, Marie Laurencin, Francis Picabia and Kees van Dongen. Her stipulation for sitting was that she would be given the paintings to hang in her club, and, by this time, she had accumulated thirty-three portraits of herself. La Vie Parisienne became one of the trendiest night spots in Paris.\nSolidor's most famous portrait was painted by Tamara de Lempicka.\nSolidor met Tamara de Lempicka sometime in the early 1930s, and Suzy asked the artist to paint her. Tamara agreed, but only if she could paint Solidor in the nude. Solidor agreed, and the painting was finished in 1933.\nDuring the occupation, her nightclub was popular with German officers; in 1941 she recorded a version of the song \"Lili Marleen\" with French words by Henri Lemarchand. After the war she was convicted by the \u00c9puration l\u00e9gale as a collaborator.\nShe died on 30 March 1983 in Cagnes-sur-Mer and is buried in the town.\nShe was the subject of the song \"Sad Songs\" by the English group The Christians in their eponymous first album.", "Q1778321": "Moscow State Pedagogical University or Moscow State University of Education is a major educational and scientific institution in Moscow, Russia, with eighteen faculties and seven branches in other Russian cities. The institution has operated under a series of names since 1872.", "Q1013": "Lesotho ( (listen), Sotho pronunciation: [l\u026a\u02c8s\u028a\u02d0t\u02b0\u028a]), officially the Kingdom of Lesotho (Sotho: 'Muso oa Lesotho), is an enclaved country within the border of South Africa. Along with the Vatican City and San Marino, it is one of only three independent states completely surrounded by the territory of another country, and the only one outside of the Italian peninsula. Lesotho is just over 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) in size and has a population of around 2 million. Its capital and largest city is Maseru.\nLesotho was previously the British Crown Colony of Basutoland, but it declared independence from the United Kingdom on 4 October 1966. It is now a fully sovereign state that is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The name Lesotho roughly translates to \"the land of the people who speak Sesotho\".", "Q108854": "Ernst Wolf Alexander Oskar Harnack (15 July 1888 \u2013 5 March 1945), granted the title von Harnack in 1914, was an official of the Prussian provincial government, a German politician, and a German Resistance fighter. He was arrested, tried and executed in March 1945 at Pl\u00f6tzensee Prison for political opposition to the Nazi Party.", "Q276498": "Kerry Michelle Armstrong (born 12 September 1958) is an Australian film, television and stage actress. She is one of only two actresses to win two Australian Film Institute Awards in the same year, winning Best Actress in a Leading Role for Lantana and Best Actress in a Leading Role in a Television Drama for SeaChange in 2001.After early television roles in Australia including Prisoner (1979) and Skyways (1980), Armstrong moved to the United States in 1981, where she played Ophelia in Hamlet and Isabella in Measure for Measure at the Arena Stage in Washington, D.C., and had a role in the soap opera Dynasty (1985\u201386). She returned to Australia in 1987. Her other television roles include MDA (2002\u201303) and Bed of Roses (2008\u201311).\n\n", "Q444117": "Erica Cerra (born October 31, 1979) is a Canadian actress, best known for her portrayal of Deputy Jo Lupo on the Syfy series Eureka, and artificial intelligence A.L.I.E. and her creator Becca on The 100.", "Q41262": "Nottingham ( (listen) NOT-ing-\u0259m) is a city and unitary authority area in Nottinghamshire, England. Part of the East Midlands region, it is 128 miles (206 km) north of London and 45 miles (72 km) northeast of Birmingham. To the west lies Derby, separated by the M1 motorway.\nNottingham has links to the legend of Robin Hood and to the lace-making, bicycle (notably Raleigh bikes) and tobacco industries. It was granted its city charter in 1897, as part of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee celebrations. Nottingham is a tourist destination; in 2018, the city received the second highest amount of overnight visitors in the Midlands and the highest amount in the East Midlands.In 2017, Nottingham had an estimated population of 329,200. The population of the city proper, compared to its regional counterparts, has been attributed to its historical and tightly-drawn city boundaries. The wider conurbation, which includes many of the city's suburbs, has a population of 768,638. It is the largest urban area in the East Midlands and the second-largest in the Midlands. Its Functional Urban Area , also the largest in the East Midlands, has a population of 919,484. The population of the Nottingham/Derby metropolitan area is estimated to be 1,610,000.Its metropolitan economy is the seventh largest in the United Kingdom with a GDP of $50.9bn (2014). The city was the first in the East Midlands to be ranked as a sufficiency-level world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.Nottingham's public transport system won awards prior to 2015, including the largest publicly owned bus network in England, and is also served by Nottingham railway station and the modern Nottingham Express Transit tram system.\nIt is also a major sporting centre and, in October 2015, was named 'Home of English Sport'. The National Ice Centre, Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre and Trent Bridge international cricket ground are all based in or around the city, which is also the home of two professional football teams; the former world's oldest professional league club Notts County and Nottingham Forest, famously two-time winners of the UEFA European Cup under Brian Clough and Peter Taylor in 1979 and 1980. The city also has professional rugby, ice hockey and cricket teams, and the Aegon Nottingham Open, an international tennis tournament on the ATP and WTA tours. This accolade came just over a year after Nottingham was named as the UK's first City of Football.On 11 December 2015, Nottingham was named a \"City of Literature\" by UNESCO, joining Dublin, Edinburgh, Melbourne and Prague as one of only a handful in the world. The title reflects Nottingham's literary heritage, with Lord Byron, D. H. Lawrence and Alan Sillitoe having links to the city, as well as a contemporary literary community, a publishing industry and a poetry scene.The city is served by three universities: Nottingham Trent University, the University of Nottingham and the University of Law; hosting the highest concentration of higher education providers in the East Midlands.\n\n", "Q18621601": "Poisoning is a condition or a process in which an organism becomes chemically harmed severely (poisoned) by a toxic substance or venom of an animal.Acute poisoning is exposure to a poison on one occasion or during a short period of time. Symptoms develop in close relation to the degree of exposure. Absorption of a poison is necessary for systemic poisoning (that is, in the blood throughout the body). In contrast, substances that destroy tissue but do not absorb, such as lye, are classified as corrosives rather than poisons. Furthermore, many common household medications are not labeled with skull and crossbones, although they can cause severe illness or even death. In the medical sense, toxicity and poisoning can be caused by less dangerous substances than those legally classified as a poison. Toxicology is the study and practice of the symptoms, mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of poisoning.\nChronic poisoning is long-term repeated or continuous exposure to a poison where symptoms do not occur immediately or after each exposure. The patient gradually becomes ill, or becomes ill after a long latent period. Chronic poisoning most commonly occurs following exposure to poisons that bioaccumulate, or are biomagnified, such as mercury, gadolinium, and lead.\nContact or absorption of poisons can cause rapid death or impairment. Agents that act on the nervous system can paralyze in seconds or less, and include both biologically derived neurotoxins and so-called nerve gases, which may be synthesized for warfare or industry.\nInhaled or ingested cyanide, used as a method of execution in gas chambers, almost instantly starves the body of energy by inhibiting the enzymes in mitochondria that make ATP. Intravenous injection of an unnaturally high concentration of potassium chloride, such as in the execution of prisoners in parts of the United States, quickly stops the heart by eliminating the cell potential necessary for muscle contraction.\nMost biocides, including pesticides, are created to act as poisons to target organisms, although acute or less observable chronic poisoning can also occur in non-target organisms (secondary poisoning), including the humans who apply the biocides and other beneficial organisms. For example, the herbicide 2,4-D imitates the action of a plant hormone, which makes its lethal toxicity specific to plants. Indeed, 2,4-D is not a poison, but classified as \"harmful\" (EU).\nMany substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly, by toxication. An example is \"wood alcohol\" or methanol, which is not poisonous itself, but is chemically converted to toxic formaldehyde and formic acid in the liver. Many drug molecules are made toxic in the liver, and the genetic variability of certain liver enzymes makes the toxicity of many compounds differ between individuals.\nExposure to radioactive substances can produce radiation poisoning, an unrelated phenomenon.", "Q68828": "Karl Friedrich von Savigny (19 September 1814 \u2013 11 February 1875) was a Prussian diplomat, politician, and a leading member of the Centre Party. His father was the jurist Friedrich Karl von Savigny, who was then privy councillor of the court of appeals, member of the Prussian council of State, and professor at the University of Berlin, and his mother was Kunigunde Brentano, sister of the poet Clemens Brentano. The father was a Protestant, but the mother was a Catholic, and the children were allowed to follow the religion of the mother. Karl Friedrich was first taught at home, then attended the French Gymnasium at Berlin, the Collegium Romanum at Rome, and the Collegium Sebastianum at Naples. He studied law at Berlin, Munich, and Paris. In 1836 he became an auscultator at Berlin; in 1837 he was a referendar in the court at Aachen, in 1840 secretary of legation at London and Dresden, in 1842 at Lisbon, in 1848 at London. In 1849 he was councillor of legations and member of the ministry of foreign affairs, and in 1850 ambassador at Karlsruhe. While here he was able to win over the Government of Baden for the Prussian policy, and, as Bismarck testified, \"by cautious and tactful bearing to win a commanding position at Karlsruhe for the Prussian government.\"\nFrom 1859 Karl Friedrich was Prussian ambassador at Dresden, from 1862 at Brussels, and from 1864 he was minister with full powers at the Diet of the German Confederation at Frankfort. In 1866 he offered at the Diet the Prussian motion for the reform of the German Confederation, and when it was rejected on 14 June, 1866, he declared the withdrawal of Prussia, upon which the Austro-Prussian war began. Later in connection with Bismarck he was plenipotentiary in making a treaty of peace with the states of southern Germany and Saxony. He was the presiding officer of the government conferences for the drafting of a constitution for the North German Confederation, and was a plenipotentiary at the Reichstag which decided the constitution. Thus he performed important services in national affairs. In 1868 he retired partially, and in 1871 entirely, from government positions in order to become one of the parliamentary leaders of the Catholics. From 1867 he was a member of the Lower House of the Prussian Diet, from 1868 a member of the Lower House of the Diet of the North German Confederation, and later of the German Reichstag, or Parliament of the German Empire. In 1871 he took part in the founding of the Centre Party. He was not particularly distinguished as a speaker, but his knowledge, distinguished personality, and connections were of much benefit to the Catholic cause. He believed that \"laws are not made but found\".", "Q518668": "Joan Whitney Payson (February 5, 1903 \u2013 October 4, 1975) was an American heiress, businesswoman, philanthropist, patron of the arts and art collector, and a member of the prominent Whitney family. She was also co-founder and majority owner of Major League Baseball's New York Mets baseball franchise, and was the first woman to own a major-league team in North America without inheriting it.", "Q57400": "Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Tri\u1ebft (born October 8, 1942) is a Vietnamese politician who served as the sixth President of Vietnam from 2006 to 2011. He was elected by the National Assembly of Vietnam with 464 votes (94%) in June 2006.\nNguy\u1ec5n Minh Tri\u1ebft was previously the secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam in Ho Chi Minh City. The presidency of Vietnam is a ceremonial position and the Politburo decides government policy. Tri\u1ebft was the fourth-ranking member of the Politburo from 2006 to 2011. His term as president expired in July 2011. Senior Politburo member Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n Sang succeeded him.\nAt the 10th Party Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam in April 2006, he was nominated President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and confirmed on June 27, 2006 by the National Assembly. On that day, he succeeded Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c L\u01b0\u01a1ng. He subsequently proposed Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng as the new Prime Minister.", "Q435936": "Terentia (; 98 BC \u2013 6 AD) was the wife of the renowned orator Marcus Tullius Cicero. She was instrumental in Cicero's political life both as a benefactor and as a fervent activist of his cause.", "Q353142": "Addison Whittaker Richards, Jr. (October 20, 1902 \u2013 March 22, 1964) was an American actor of film and television. Richards appeared in more than three hundred films between 1933 and his death.", "Q84658": "Walter Schwimmer (born 16 June 1942, Vienna) is a former politician and diplomat from Austria. Was Secretary General of the Council of Europe from September 1, 1999 to August 31, 2004.", "Q10993": "Eldrick Tont \"Tiger\" Woods (born December 30, 1975) is an American professional golfer. He is tied for first in PGA Tour wins and ranks second in men's major championships and also holds numerous golf records. Woods is widely regarded as one of the greatest golfers, and one of the most famous athletes of all time.\nFollowing an outstanding junior, college, and amateur golf career, Woods turned professional in 1996 at the age of 20. By the end of April 1997, he had won three PGA Tour events in addition to his first major, the 1997 Masters, which he won by 12 strokes in a record-breaking performance. He reached number one in the world rankings for the first time in June 1997, less than a year after turning pro. Throughout the first decade of the 21st century, Woods was the dominant force in golf. He was the top-ranked golfer in the world from August 1999 to September 2004 (264 weeks) and again from June 2005 to October 2010 (281 weeks). During this time, he won 13 of golf's major championships.\nThe next decade of Woods' career was marked by comebacks from personal problems and injuries. He took a self-imposed hiatus from professional golf from December 2009 to early April 2010 in an attempt to resolve marital issues with his then-wife, Elin. Extramarital affairs with Woods had been alleged by several women, and the couple eventually divorced. Woods fell to number 58 in the world rankings in November 2011 before ascending again to the No.1 ranking between March 2013 and May 2014. However, injuries led him to undergo four back surgeries between 2014 and 2017. Woods competed in only one tournament between August 2015 and January 2018, and he dropped off the list of the world's top 1,000 golfers. On his return to regular competition, Woods made steady progress to the top of the game, winning his first tournament in five years at the Tour Championship in September 2018 and his first major in 11 years at the 2019 Masters.\nWoods has held numerous golf records. He has been the number one player in the world for the most consecutive weeks and for the greatest total number of weeks of any golfer in history. He has been awarded PGA Player of the Year a record 11 times and has won the Byron Nelson Award for lowest adjusted scoring average a record eight times. Woods has the record of leading the money list in ten different seasons. He has won 15 professional major golf championships (trailing only Jack Nicklaus, who leads with 18) and 82 PGA Tour events (tied for first all time with Sam Snead). Woods leads all active golfers in career major wins and career PGA Tour wins. He is the youngest player to achieve the career Grand Slam, and the second golfer (after Nicklaus) to have achieved a career Grand Slam three times. Woods has won 18 World Golf Championships. He was also part of the American winning team for the 1999 Ryder Cup. In May 2019, Woods was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the fourth golfer to receive the honor.", "Q247889": "Felix Campbell (February 28, 1829 \u2013 November 8, 1902) was a United States Representative from New York. Born in Brooklyn, he attended the common schools and became a manufacturer of iron pipe and a consulting engineer. He was president of the board of supervisors in 1858 and was appointed by Governor Tilden a member of the board of commissioners from New York to the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876.\nCampbell was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth and to the three succeeding Congresses, holding office from March 4, 1883, to March 3, 1891. He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1890 and in 1902 died in Brooklyn. Interment was in Holy Cross Cemetery.", "Q444103": "Cristina Fallar\u00e1s (Zaragoza, 1968) is a Spanish journalist. She gained national relevance in Spain when publicly admitting to having been evicted from her house.She studied Information science at the Autonomous University of Barcelona and has worked as a journalist for Cadena Ser, El Mundo, El Peri\u00f3dico de Catalunya, RNE (R\u00e0dio4) and the journal ADN.\nIn 2012, she was awarded the Premio Hammett, a prize awarded by the International Association of Crime Writers for the best crime novel written in Spanish, for her novel Las ni\u00f1as perdidas (Lost Girls), published by Roca Editorial.", "Q490434": "Ventura, officially the City of San Buenaventura, is the county seat of Ventura County, California, United States. The coastal site, set against undeveloped hills and flanked by two free-flowing rivers, has been inhabited for thousands of years. European explorers encountered a Chumash village, referred to as Shisholop, here while traveling along the Pacific coast. They witnessed the ocean navigation skill of the native people and their use of the abundant local resources from sea and land. The eponymous Mission San Buenaventura was founded nearby in 1782 where it benefitted from the water of the Ventura River. The town grew around the mission compound and incorporated in 1866. The development of nearby oil fields in the 1920s and the age of automobile travel created a major real estate boom during which many designated landmark buildings were constructed. The mission and these buildings are at the center of a downtown that has become a cultural, retail, and residential district and visitor destination.\nVentura lies between Los Angeles and Santa Barbara along U.S. Route 101, which was one of the original U.S. Routes. The highway is now known as the Ventura Freeway, but the original route through the town along Main Street has been designated El Camino Real, the historic pathway connecting the California missions. During the post\u2013World War II economic expansion, the community grew easterly, building detached single-family homes over the rich agricultural land created by the Santa Clara River at the edge of the Oxnard Plain. The population was 106,433 at the 2010 census, up from 100,916 at the 2000 census with the median age being 39. Ventura is part of the Oxnard\u2013Thousand Oaks\u2013Ventura, CA metropolitan area.", "Q164756": "Aleksandar Rankovi\u0107 (nom de guerre Leka; Serbian Cyrillic: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0420\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b \u041b\u0435\u043a\u0430; 28 November 1909 \u2013 19 August 1983) was a Yugoslav communist politician, considered to be the third most powerful man in Yugoslavia after Josip Broz Tito and Edvard Kardelj. Rankovi\u0107 was a proponent of a centralized Yugoslavia and opposed efforts that promoted decentralization that he deemed to be against the interests of the Serbian people; he ensured Serbs had a strong presence in Serbia's Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo's nomenklatura. Rankovi\u0107 cautioned against separatist forces in Kosovo who were commonly suspected of pursuing seditious activities.The popularity of Rankovi\u0107 in Serbia became apparent at his funeral in 1983, which large numbers of people attended. Many considered Rankovi\u0107 a Serbian \"national\" leader. Rankovi\u0107's policies have been perceived as the basis of the policies of Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107.\n\n", "Q925160": "George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. (February 14, 1859 \u2013 November 22, 1896) was an American civil engineer. He is mostly known for creating the original Ferris Wheel for the 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition.\n\n", "Q84894": "Anton Wildgans (17 April 1881 \u2013 3 May 1932) was an Austrian poet and playwright. \nHe was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times.", "Q5303087": "Downe House School is a selective independent girls' day and boarding school in Cold Ash, a village near Newbury, Berkshire, for girls aged 11\u201318.The Good Schools Guide described Downe House as an \"Archetypal traditional girls' full boarding school turning out delightful, principled, courteous and able girls who go on to make a significant contribution to the world\".", "Q124372": "Hermann Burger (July 10, 1942 \u2013 February 28, 1989), was a Swiss poet, novelist and essayist. In his creative works Burger often focused on society's lonely outsiders and, increasingly, the inevitability of death. His virtuosity in applying literary styles and use of thorough research are significant features of many of his publications.", "Q66811": "Kilchberg is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q31791": "The Company Men is 2010 American drama film, written and directed by John Wells. It features Ben Affleck, Kevin Costner, Chris Cooper and Tommy Lee Jones.\nIt premiered at the 26th Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2010 and had a one-week run in December 10, 2010 to be eligible for the year's Academy Awards. The movie was released commercially in the United States and Canada on January 21, 2011.", "Q248562": "Rise: Blood Hunter is a 2007 American neo-noir action supernatural horror thriller film written and directed by Sebastian Gutierrez. The film, starring Lucy Liu and Michael Chiklis, is a supernatural thriller about a reporter (Liu) who wakes up in a morgue to discover she is now a vampire. She vows revenge against the vampire cult responsible for her situation and hunts them down one by one. Chiklis plays a haunted police detective whose daughter is victimized by the same group and seeks answers for her gruesome death.\nThe film was poorly received by critics.\n\n", "Q267581": "SoShy (born Deborah Sarah Epstein; September 14, 1986), is a French singer, songwriter, actress, DJ and model.", "Q57414": "Frederick II (9 July 1857 \u2013 9 August 1928) was the last sovereign Grand Duke of Baden, reigning from 1907 until the abolition of the German monarchies in 1918. The state of Baden originated from the area of the Grand Duchy. In 1951-1952, it became part of the new state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.", "Q257442": "Sarah Catharine Paulson (born December 17, 1974) is an American actress. She is the recipient of several accolades, including a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award. In 2017, Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world.A native of Tampa, Florida, Paulson was raised there and later in New York City following her parents' divorce. She began her acting career after high school in New York stage productions before starring in the short-lived television series American Gothic (1995\u20131996) and Jack & Jill (1999\u20132001). She later appeared in comedy films such as What Women Want (2000) and Down with Love (2003), and drama films such as Path to War (2002) and The Notorious Bettie Page (2005). From 2006 to 2007, she starred as Harriet Hayes in the NBC comedy-drama series Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip, for which she received her first Golden Globe Award nomination. In 2008, Paulson starred as Ellen Dolan in the superhero noir film The Spirit.\nPaulson has appeared on Broadway in the plays The Glass Menagerie in 2005 and Collected Stories in 2010. She also starred in a number of independent films, and had a leading role on the ABC comedy series Cupid in 2009. She later starred in the independent drama film Martha Marcy May Marlene (2011), and received Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for her portrayal of Nicolle Wallace in the HBO film Game Change (2012). She was featured as Mary Epps in the 2013 historical drama film 12 Years a Slave, as Abby Gerhard in the 2015 romantic drama film Carol, and as Toni Bradlee in the 2017 political drama film The Post, all of which were nominated for multiple Academy Awards. Paulson's other films include Serenity (2005), New Year's Eve (2011), Mud (2012), Blue Jay (2016), Ocean's 8 (2018), Bird Box (2018), and Glass (2019).\nIn 2011, Paulson began starring in the FX anthology series American Horror Story, playing different characters in many of the show's nine seasons. For her performances in the series, she received five Primetime Emmy Award nominations and won two Critics' Choice Television Awards. In 2016, she portrayed real life prosecutor Marcia Clark in first season of the anthology series American Crime Story, subtitled The People v. O. J. Simpson, for which she garnered critical acclaim and numerous accolades, including the Primetime Emmy Award and the Golden Globe Award.", "Q134161": "A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares (certificates of ownership). Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company.In modern-day corporate law, the existence of a joint-stock company is often synonymous with incorporation (possession of legal personality separate from shareholders) and limited liability (shareholders are liable for the company's debts only to the value of the money they have invested in the company). Therefore, joint-stock companies are commonly known as corporations or limited companies.\nSome jurisdictions still provide the possibility of registering joint-stock companies without limited liability. In the United Kingdom and in other countries that have adopted its model of company law, they are known as unlimited companies. In the United States, they are known simply as joint-stock companies.", "Q452761": "Giannina Braschi (born February 5, 1953) is a Puerto Rican writer based in New York City. Her notable tiles include Empire of Dreams (1988)', Yo-Yo Boing! (1998), and United States of Banana (2011). \nThough categorized as novels, her cross-genre works are experimental and incorporate elements of poetry, drama, fiction, and political philosophy. Braschi writes in Spanish, Spanglish, and English. Her work explores the enculturation journey of Hispanic immigrants. Her work dramatizes the three political options of Puerto Rico: independence, colony, and state.", "Q1554673": "Ngungunyane, also known as Mdungazwe Ngungunyane Nxumalo, N'gungunhana, or Gungunhana Reinaldo Frederico Gungunhana, (c. 1850 \u2013 23 December 1906) was a tribal king and vassal of the Portuguese Empire, who rebelled, was defeated by General Joaquim Mouzinho de Albuquerque and lived out the rest of his life in exile, first in Lisbon, but later on the island of Terceira, in the Portuguese Azores.\nGungunhana was the last dynastic emperor of the Empire of Gaza, a territory now part of Mozambique. Nicknamed the Lion of Gaza, he reigned from around 1884 to 28 December 1895, the day he was imprisoned by Joaquim Mouzinho de Albuquerque in the fortified village of Chaimite. Because he was already known to the European press, the Portuguese colonial administration decided to exile him, rather than send him to face a firing squad, as would normally be the case. He was transported to Lisbon, accompanied by his son Godide and other dignitaries. After a brief stay, he was transferred to the Azores, where he would die eleven years later.\n\n", "Q517": "Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte (Italian: [napole\u02c8o\u02d0ne di \u02ccbw\u0254na\u02c8parte]; French: Napol\u00e9on [nap\u0254le\u0254\u0303 b\u0254napa\u0281t]; 15 August 1769 \u2013 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. He was Emperor of the French as Napoleon I from 1804 until 1814 and again briefly in 1815 during the Hundred Days. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over much of continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. He is considered one of the greatest commanders in history, and his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy has endured as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history.He was born in Corsica to a relatively modest Italian family from minor nobility. He was serving as an artillery officer in the French army when the French Revolution erupted in 1789. He rapidly rose through the ranks of the military, seizing the new opportunities presented by the Revolution and becoming a general at age 24. The French Directory eventually gave him command of the Army of Italy after he suppressed the 13 Vend\u00e9miaire revolt against the government from royalist insurgents. At age 26, he began his first military campaign against the Austrians and the Italian monarchs aligned with the Habsburgs\u2014winning virtually every battle, conquering the Italian Peninsula in a year while establishing \"sister republics\" with local support, and becoming a war hero in France. In 1798, he led a military expedition to Egypt that served as a springboard to political power. He orchestrated a coup in November 1799 and became First Consul of the Republic. After the Peace of Amiens in 1802, Napoleon turned his attention to France's colonies. He sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States, and he attempted to restore slavery to the French Caribbean colonies. However, while he was successful in restoring slavery in the eastern Caribbean, Napoleon failed in his attempts to subdue Saint-Domingue, and the colony that France once proudly boasted of as the \"Pearl of the Antilles\" became independent as Haiti in 1804. Napoleon's ambition and public approval inspired him to go further, and he became the first Emperor of the French in 1804. Intractable differences with the British meant that the French were facing a Third Coalition by 1805. Napoleon shattered this coalition with decisive victories in the Ulm Campaign and a historic triumph over the Russian Empire and Austrian Empire at the Battle of Austerlitz which led to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1806, the Fourth Coalition took up arms against him because Prussia became worried about growing French influence on the continent. Napoleon quickly defeated Prussia at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt, then marched his Grande Arm\u00e9e deep into Eastern Europe and annihilated the Russians in June 1807 at the Battle of Friedland. France then forced the defeated nations of the Fourth Coalition to sign the Treaties of Tilsit in July 1807, bringing an uneasy peace to the continent. Tilsit signified the high-water mark of the French Empire. In 1809, the Austrians and the British challenged the French again during the War of the Fifth Coalition, but Napoleon solidified his grip over Europe after triumphing at the Battle of Wagram in July.\nNapoleon then occupied the Iberian Peninsula, hoping to extend the Continental System and choke off British trade with the European mainland, and declared his brother Joseph Bonaparte the King of Spain in 1808. The Spanish and the Portuguese revolted with British support. The Peninsular War lasted six years, featured extensive guerrilla warfare, and ended in victory for the Allies against Napoleon. The Continental System caused recurring diplomatic conflicts between France and its client states, especially Russia. The Russians were unwilling to bear the economic consequences of reduced trade and routinely violated the Continental System, enticing Napoleon into another war. The French launched a major invasion of Russia in the summer of 1812. The campaign destroyed Russian cities, but did not yield the decisive victory Napoleon wanted. It resulted in the collapse of the Grande Arm\u00e9e and inspired a renewed push against Napoleon by his enemies. In 1813, Prussia and Austria joined Russian forces in the War of the Sixth Coalition against France. A lengthy military campaign culminated in a large Allied army defeating Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813, but his tactical victory at the minor Battle of Hanau allowed retreat onto French soil. The Allies then invaded France and captured Paris in the spring of 1814, forcing Napoleon to abdicate in April. He was exiled to the island of Elba off the coast of Tuscany, and the Bourbon dynasty was restored to power. Napoleon escaped from Elba in February 1815 and took control of France once again. The Allies responded by forming a Seventh Coalition which defeated him at the Battle of Waterloo in June. The British exiled him to the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, where he died six years later at the age of 51.\nNapoleon's influence on the modern world brought liberal reforms to the numerous territories that he conquered and controlled, such as the Low Countries, Switzerland, and large parts of modern Italy and Germany. He implemented fundamental liberal policies in France and throughout Western Europe. His Napoleonic Code has influenced the legal systems of more than 70 nations around the world. British historian Andrew Roberts states: \"The ideas that underpin our modern world\u2014meritocracy, equality before the law, property rights, religious toleration, modern secular education, sound finances, and so on\u2014were championed, consolidated, codified and geographically extended by Napoleon. To them he added a rational and efficient local administration, an end to rural banditry, the encouragement of science and the arts, the abolition of feudalism and the greatest codification of laws since the fall of the Roman Empire\".", "Q79931": "Prescott ( PRESS-k\u0259t; is a city in Yavapai County, Arizona, United States. According to the 2010 Census, the population of the city is 39,843. The city is the county seat of Yavapai County. In 1864 Prescott was designated as the capital of the Arizona Territory, replacing the temporary capital at Fort Whipple. The Territorial Capital was moved to Tucson in 1867. Prescott again became the Territorial Capital in 1877, until Phoenix became the capital in 1889.\nThe towns of Prescott Valley, 7 miles (11 km) east; Chino Valley, 16 miles (26 km) north; Dewey-Humboldt, 13 miles (21 km) east, and Prescott, together comprise what is locally known as the \"Quad-City\" area. This also sometimes refers to central Yavapai County in general, which would include the towns of: Mayer, Paulden, Wilhoit, and Williamson Valley. Combined with these smaller communities the area had a population of 103,260 as of 2007. Prescott is the center of the Prescott Metropolitan Area, defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as all of Yavapai County.\nThe Yavapai-Prescott Indian Tribe reservation is located adjacent to and partially within the borders of Prescott.\nPrescott is in the Granite Creek watershed and contains the convergence of Miller Creek and Granite Creek on its north side.", "Q165448": "Drusus Caesar (Latin: Drusus Iulius Caesar Germanicus; AD 8 \u2013 AD 33) was the adopted grandson and heir of the Roman Emperor Tiberius, alongside his brother Nero. Born into the prominent Julio Claudian dynasty, Drusus was the son of Tiberius' general and heir, Germanicus. After the deaths of his father and of Tiberius' son, Drusus the Younger, Drusus and his brother Nero Julius Caesar were adopted together by Tiberius in September AD 23. As a result of being heirs of the emperor, he and his brother enjoyed accelerated political careers.\nSejanus, the prefect of the Praetorian Guard, had become powerful in Rome and is believed by ancient writers such as Suetonius and Tacitus to have been responsible for the downfall of Drusus the younger. As Sejanus' power grew, other members of the imperial family began to fall as well. In AD 29, Tiberius wrote a letter to the Senate attacking Nero and his mother, and the Senate had them both exiled. Two years later, Nero died in exile on the island of Ponza. Drusus was later imprisoned following similar charges as his brother, and remained in prison from AD 30 until his death three years later. Their deaths allowed for the adoption and ascension of their third brother, Gaius Caligula, following the death of Tiberius in AD 37.", "Q93330": "Juan Domingo Per\u00f3n (UK: , US: , Spanish: [\u02c8xwan do\u02c8mi\u014b\u0261o pe\u02c8\u027eon]; 8 October 1895 \u2013 1 July 1974) was an Argentine Army general and politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister of Labor and Vice President, he was elected President of Argentina three times, serving from June 1946 to September 1955, when he was overthrown in a coup d'\u00e9tat, and then from October 1973 until his death in July 1974.\nDuring his first presidential term (1946\u201352), Per\u00f3n was supported by his second wife, Eva Duarte (\"Evita\"): they were immensely popular among the Argentine working class. Eva died in 1952, and Per\u00f3n was elected to a second term, serving from 1952 until 1955. During the following period of two military dictatorships, interrupted by two civilian governments, the Peronist party was outlawed and Per\u00f3n was exiled. When the left-wing Peronist H\u00e9ctor Jos\u00e9 C\u00e1mpora was elected President in 1973, Per\u00f3n returned to Argentina and was soon after elected President for a third time. His third wife, Mar\u00eda Estela Mart\u00ednez, known as Isabel Per\u00f3n, was elected as Vice President on his ticket and succeeded him as President upon his death in 1974.\nAlthough they are still controversial figures, Juan and Eva Per\u00f3n are nonetheless considered icons by the Peronists. The Per\u00f3ns' followers praised their efforts to eliminate poverty and to dignify labour, while their detractors considered them demagogues and dictators. The Per\u00f3ns gave their name to the political movement known as Peronism, which in present-day Argentina is represented mainly by the Justicialist Party.\nPeronism is a political phenomenon that draws support from both the political left and political right. Peronism is not considered a traditional party, but a political movement, because of the wide variety of people who call themselves Peronists, and there is great controversy surrounding his personality. A number of following Argentinian presidents are considered Peronists, including administrations covering a majority of the democratic era: H\u00e9ctor C\u00e1mpora, Isabel Per\u00f3n, Carlos Sa\u00fal Menem, Adolfo Rodr\u00edguez Sa\u00e1, Eduardo Duhalde, N\u00e9stor Kirchner, Cristina Kirchner and Alberto Fern\u00e1ndez.\n\n", "Q1724338": "Nahalal (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05b7\u05d4\u05b2\u05dc\u05b8\u05dc) is a moshav in northern Israel. Covering 8.5 square kilometers, it falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In 2018 it had a population of 895.Nahalal is best known for its general layout, as designed by Richard Kauffmann: slightly oval round, similar to a spoke wheel with its public buildings at the \"hub\" and individual plots of agricultural land radiating from it like spokes with symmetrically placed roads creating eight equal sectors, an inner ring of residential buildings, and an outer ring road.", "Q504255": "Rottach-Egern (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281\u0254tax \u02c8e\u02d0\u0261\u0250n]) is a municipality (Gemeinde Rottach-Egern am Tegernsee) and town located at Lake Tegernsee in the district of Miesbach in Upper Bavaria, Germany, about 35 miles south of central Munich. Late Austrian actor Walter Slezak is buried in this area.", "Q146291": "Ardeshir Cowasjee (13 April 1926 \u2013 24 November 2012) (Urdu: \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0648\ufeb3\ufea0\ufef0\u200e) was a Pakistani newspaper columnist, social activist, and philanthropist. Belonging from Karachi, his columns regularly appeared in the country's oldest English newspaper, Dawn. He was also the Chairman of the Cowasjee Group and was engaged in philanthropic activities in addition to being regarded as an old \"guardian\" of the city of Karachi.\nOn 3 November 2013, Institute of Business Administration, Karachi launched the Ardeshir Cowasjee Centre for Writing in his honor.", "Q348210": "Tosca is a 2001 French drama film directed by Beno\u00eet Jacquot based on the opera by Giacomo Puccini.", "Q53672": "Mo Hayder (born 1962) is a British author of crime and thriller fiction.\nShe is the author of ten novels. Her debut, Birdman, was published in January 2000 and was an international bestseller. Her second novel, The Treatment, was a Sunday Times bestseller and won the 2002 WH Smith Thumping Good Read award. Her third novel, Tokyo, was published in May 2004 and was another Sunday Times bestseller. Tokyo was published as The Devil of Nanking in the United States in March 2005. Pig Island was her fourth best seller and was published in April 2006. Pig Island was nominated for both a Barry Award for Best British crime novel, and a CWA dagger. Her fifth book, Ritual was the first in The Walking Man series, and was nominated for CWA Ian Fleming Steel Dagger award. Skin is the second book in The Walking Man series, and was released in early 2009. Gone, the third book in The Walking Man series, was released in February 2011; it won the Edgar Award for Best Novel. Her novel Hanging Hill was published 2011, and Wolf in 2014.\nHayder claims to have left school at fifteen, (a year ahead of the UK school leaving age at the time) and has worked as a barmaid, security guard, film-maker, hostess in a Tokyo club, educational administrator and a teacher of English as a foreign language. Hayder has an MA in film from The American University in Washington DC, and an MA in Creative Writing from Bath Spa University.\nHer debut novel, Birdman, was published in 2000 to wide acclaim. Although some reviewers found the novel (which concerns a serial killer with a particularly vicious modus-operandi) too violent and disturbing, the book became an international bestseller. Birdman introduced readers to DI Jack Caffery, a character who also featured in Hayder's second novel, The Treatment. The Treatment tackled themes of paedophilia. DI Caffery returned in Hayder's recent novels Ritual, Skin, Gone, and Wolf, which she calls the Walking Man series.\nMo Hayder lives just outside Bath, England with her partner, Bob Randell (retired police sgt of Avon & Somerset Police Underwater Search Unit), and her daughter.", "Q918587": "William Froude (; 28 November 1810 in Devon \u2013 4 May 1879 in Simonstown, South Africa) was an English engineer, hydrodynamicist and naval architect. He was the first to formulate reliable laws for the resistance that water offers to ships (such as the hull speed equation) and for predicting their stability.", "Q8745": "Vigo (, Galician: [\u02c8bi\u0263\u028a], locally [\u02c8bi\u0127\u028a], Spanish: [\u02c8bi\u0263o]) is a city and municipality of Spain, part of the autonomous community of Galicia. Located in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, it straddles on the southern shore of an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, the Ria de Vigo, the southernmost of the so-called R\u00edas Baixas. Vigo is the most populated municipality of the province of Pontevedra and the whole region as well as also the biggest one in the country without the status of provincial capital.\nIt has an area of 109.06 km2 (42.11 sq mi) and had a population of 292,817 in 2016. According to the Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica the city proper has 198,537 inhabitants, while the rest of the municipal population dwell in a number of rural and suburban parishes.\nVigo is, along A Coru\u00f1a, one of the region's primary economic agents, owing in part to the Citro\u00ebn automotive factory and to the Port of Vigo, reportedly the biggest fishing port in the world. Close to the Portugal\u2013Spain border, Vigo is part of the Galicia\u2013North Portugal Euroregion. The European Fisheries Control Agency is headquartered in Vigo.", "Q98265": "Wolfram Setz (born July 7, 1941) is a German historian, editor, translator and essayist.", "Q151935": "Kirstie Louise Alley (born January 12, 1951) is an American actress and spokesmodel. She first achieved recognition in 1982, playing Saavik in the science fiction film Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. Alley played Rebecca Howe on the NBC sitcom Cheers (1987\u20131993), receiving an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe in 1991 for the role. From 1997\u20132000, she starred on the sitcom Veronica's Closet, earning additional Emmy and Golden Globe nominations. Alley received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1995.\nAlley has appeared in several movies, including Summer School (1987), Shoot to Kill (1988), Look Who's Talking (1989) and its two sequels (1990\u201393), Madhouse, Sibling Rivalry (both 1990), Village of the Damned, It Takes Two (both 1995), Deconstructing Harry, For Richer or Poorer (both 1997), and Drop Dead Gorgeous (1999). She won her second Emmy Award in 1994 for the television film David's Mother.\nIn 1997, Alley received a further Emmy nomination for her work in the crime drama series The Last Don. In 2005, she played a fictionalized version of herself on Showtime's Fat Actress. She later appeared on the reality show Kirstie Alley's Big Life (2010), and was a contestant on the twelfth season of Dancing with the Stars (2011\u201312), finishing in second place. In 2013, she returned to acting with the title role on the sitcom Kirstie, and in 2016 joined the second season of the Fox comedy horror series Scream Queens. In 2018, Alley finished as runner-up on season 22 of the British reality series Celebrity Big Brother.", "Q361682": "Adolphus Frederick III (7 June 1686 \u2013 11 December 1752) was a Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.", "Q967353": "Ilona Duczynska (Polish: Ilona Duczy\u0144ska; Hungarian: Duczynska Ilona, Ducsinszka Ilona)(11 March 1897, Vienna \u2013 24 April 1978, Pickering), was a Polish-Hungarian-Canadian revolutionary, journalist, translator, engineer, and historian. Her husband was Karl Polanyi and her daughter is Kari Polanyi Levitt.", "Q96248": "Lorenz von Westenrieder (1 August 1748 \u2013 15 March 1829) was a well-known author and historian in Bavaria and a critic of the Elector Karl Theordor and supporter of Maximilian IV Joseph. There are several memorials to him in Munich.", "Q242729": "Rose Joan Blondell (August 30, 1906 \u2013 December 25, 1979) was an American actress who performed in movies and on television for half a century. She began her career in vaudeville.\nAfter winning a beauty pageant, Blondell embarked upon a film career. She established herself as a pre-Code staple of Warner Bros. pictures in roles as a sexy, wisecracking blonde, and appeared in more than 100 movies and television productions. She was most active in films during the 1930s, and during that time she co-starred with Glenda Farrell in nine films, in which the duo portrayed gold-diggers. Blondell continued acting on screen for the rest of her life, often in small character roles or supporting television roles. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her work in The Blue Veil (1951).\nNear the end of her life, Blondell was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in John Cassavetes's Opening Night (1977). She featured in two more films \u2014 Grease (1978), and The Champ (1979), which was released shortly before her death from leukemia.", "Q275185": "Leslie Ann Phillips (born January 28, 1962), better known by the stage name Sam Phillips, is an American singer and songwriter. Her albums include the critically acclaimed Martinis & Bikinis in 1994 and Fan Dance in 2001. She has also composed scores for the television shows Gilmore Girls, Bunheads, and The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel.", "Q1007": "Guinea-Bissau ( (listen); Portuguese: Guin\u00e9-Bissau), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica da Guin\u00e9-Bissau [\u0281\u025b\u02c8pu\u03b2lik\u0250 \u00f0\u0250 \u0263i\u02c8n\u025b \u03b2i\u02c8saw]), is a country in West Africa that covers 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi) with an estimated population of 1,874,303. It borders Senegal to the north and Guinea to the south-east.\nGuinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Kaabu, as well as part of the Mali Empire. Parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century, while a few others were under some rule by the Portuguese Empire since the 16th century. In the 19th century, it was colonised as Portuguese Guinea. Upon independence, declared in 1973 and recognised in 1974, the name of its capital, Bissau, was added to the country's name to prevent confusion with Guinea (formerly French Guinea). Guinea-Bissau has a history of political instability since independence, and only one elected president (Jos\u00e9 M\u00e1rio Vaz) has successfully served a full five-year term.\nOnly about 2% of the population speaks Portuguese, the official language, as a first language, and 33% speak it as a second language. However, Creole is the national language and also considered the language of unity. According to a 2012 study, 54% of the population speak Creole as a first language and about 52% speak it as a second language. The remainder speak a variety of native African languages. There are diverse religions in Guinea-Bissau with no one religion having a majority. In 2008, the CIA World Factbook estimated that the population was about 40% Muslim, 22% Christian, 15% Animist, and 18% unspecified or other. The country's per-capita gross domestic product is one of the lowest in the world.\nThe sovereign state of Guinea-Bissau is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Economic Community of West African States, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, La Francophonie, and the South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, and was a member of the now-defunct Latin Union.", "Q23395": "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas is a 1998 American psychedelic satirical black comedy road film adapted from Hunter S. Thompson's novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. It was co-written and directed by Terry Gilliam, and stars Johnny Depp and Benicio del Toro as Raoul Duke and Dr. Gonzo, respectively. The film details the duo's journey through Las Vegas as their initial journalistic intentions devolve into an exploration of the city under the influence of psychoactive substances.\nThe film received mixed reviews from critics and was a financial failure, but has since become a cult classic among film fans. Depp briefly reprised his role as Duke in a cameo appearance in Rango (2011), in addition to voicing the title character.", "Q888180": "Jos\u00e9 Luis Alberto Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn (February 18, 1898 \u2013 April 30, 1980) was a Puerto Rican journalist, politician, statesman and was the first elected governor of Puerto Rico, regarded as the \"Architect of the Puerto Rico Commonwealth.\"In 1948 he was the first democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico, spearheading an administration that engineered profound economic, political and social reforms; accomplishments that were internationally lauded by many politicians, statesmen, political scientists and economists of the period. Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn was instrumental in the suppression of the Nationalist Party and its efforts to gain independence.", "Q213200": "Karen Iwata (\u5ca9\u7530 \u83ef\u601c, Iwata Karen, born May 13, 1998 in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture) is an actress and former member of the Japanese idol girl group AKB48 under Team A.", "Q108840": "Friedrich (Fritz) Carl Heckert (born 28 March 1884 in Chemnitz \u2013 died 7 April 1936 in Moscow) was a German politician, co-founder of the Spartacus League and the Communist Party of Germany and a leading member of the Communist International (Comintern). He also briefly served as the Saxon Minister of Economy in 1923.", "Q14539": "Daniel Jason Sudeikis ( suu-DAY-kiss; born September 18, 1975) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and producer. In the 1990s, he began his career in improv comedy and performed with ComedySportz and The Second City. In 2003, Sudeikis was hired as a writer for Saturday Night Live and starred as a cast member from 2005 to 2013.\nHe is also known for his roles in the films Horrible Bosses (2011), Hall Pass (2011), We're the Millers (2013), Horrible Bosses 2 (2014), Colossal (2016), Mother's Day (2016), The Angry Birds Movie (2016), and The Angry Birds Movie 2 (2019).", "Q1324871": "Marcus Ramone Cooper Sr, better known by his stage name Pleasure P, is an American R&B singer-songwriter, who experienced success as a member of the group Pretty Ricky before embarking on a solo career in 2007. His debut album The Introduction of Marcus Cooper was released on June 2009. On October, 2014, Pleasure P and the rest of Pretty Ricky officialized on Instagram a reunion tour with a Bluestars 2 album for 2015. His first reunion single with Pretty Ricky is called \"Puddles\" and has been released during Valentine's Day 2015. It was the most requested song on South Florida's 99 Jamz radio station in the days following its release.", "Q1761": "Dublin (, locally ; Irish: Baile \u00c1tha Cliath [\u02c8b\u02e0al\u02b2\u0259 a\u02d0h\u0259 \u02c8kl\u02b2i\u0259; \u02ccb\u02b2l\u02b2a\u02d0 \u02c8kl\u02b2i\u0259]) is the capital and largest city of Ireland. Situated on a bay on the east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey, it lies within the province of Leinster. It is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. It has an urban area population of 1,173,179, while the population of the Dublin Region (formerly County Dublin) as of 2016 was 1,347,359. The population of the Greater Dublin Area was 1,904,806 per the 2016 census.There is archaeological debate regarding precisely where Dublin was established by the Gaels in or before the 7th century AD. Later expanded as a Viking settlement, the Kingdom of Dublin, the city became Ireland's principal settlement following the Norman invasion. The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest city in the British Empire before the Acts of Union in 1800. Following the partition of Ireland in 1922, Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State, later renamed Ireland.\nDublin is a historical and contemporary centre for education, the arts, administration and industry. As of 2018 the city was listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) as a global city, with a ranking of \"Alpha \u2212\", which places it amongst the top thirty cities in the world.", "Q338091": "What Have You Done to Solange? (Italian: Cosa avete fatto a Solange?) is a 1972 giallo film directed by Massimo Dallamano, and starring Fabio Testi, Karin Baal, Joachim Fuchsberger, Cristina Galb\u00f3, and Camille Keaton. The plot follows a series of violent murders occurring at a Catholic girls' school in England where a young student has gone missing.\nThe film is a co-production between Italian production companies Italian International Films S.r.l., Clodio Cinematografica and West German company Rialto Film.", "Q129130": "John Gray (born December 28, 1951) is an American relationship counselor, lecturer and author. In 1969, he began a nine-year association with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi before beginning his career as an author and personal relationship counselor. In 1992 he published the book Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus, which became a long term best seller and formed the central theme of all his subsequent books and career activities. His books have sold millions of copies.", "Q203775": "Swing music, or simply swing, is a form of popular jazz music developed in the United States that dominated in the 1930s and 1940s. The name swing came from the 'swing feel' where the emphasis is on the off\u2013beat or weaker pulse in the music. Swing bands usually featured soloists who would improvise on the melody over the arrangement. The danceable swing style of big bands and bandleaders such as Benny Goodman was the dominant form of American popular music from 1935 to 1946, a period known as the swing era. The verb \"to swing\" is also used as a term of praise for playing that has a strong groove or drive. Notable musicians of the swing era include Louis Armstrong, Count Basie, Cab Calloway, Jimmy Dorsey, Tommy Dorsey, Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, Woody Herman, Harry James, Louis Jordan, Glenn Miller, Louis Prima, and Artie Shaw.\nSwing has roots in the 1920s as larger dance music ensembles began using new styles of written arrangements incorporating rhythmic innovations pioneered by Louis Armstrong and Earl Hines. A typical song played in swing style would feature a strong, anchoring rhythm section in support of more loosely tied wind and brass. The most common style consisted of theme choruses and choruses with improvised solos within the framework of his bandmates playing support. Swing music began to decline in popularity during World War II because of several factors. Swing influenced the later styles of traditional pop music, jump blues, and bebop jazz. Swing music saw a revival in the late 1950s and 1960s with the resurgent Count Basie and Duke Ellington orchestras, and with pop vocalists such as Frank Sinatra and Nat King Cole.\nSwing blended with other genres to create new music styles. In country music, artists such as Jimmie Rodgers, Moon Mullican and Bob Wills introduced many elements of swing along with blues to create a genre called western swing. Gypsy swing is an outgrowth of Venuti and Lang's jazz violin swing. Swing revivals have occurred periodically from the late 1960s to the 2000s. In the late-1980s (into the early 1990s) a trendier, more urban-styled swing-beat emerged called new jack swing, spearheaded by Teddy Riley. In the late 1990s and into the 2000s there was a swing revival, led by Squirrel Nut Zippers, Brian Setzer, Big Bad Voodoo Daddy, and Lavay Smith. In Canada, some of the early 2000s records by The JW-Jones Blues Band included swing revival elements.", "Q590420": "V. A. Urechia (most common version of Vasile Alexandrescu Urechia, Romanian pronunciation: [va\u02c8sile aleksan\u02c8dresku u\u02c8reke\u032fa]; born Vasile Alexandrescu and also known as Urechi\u0103, Urechea, Ureche, Popovici-Ureche or Vasile Urechea-Alexandrescu; February 15, 1834 \u2013 November 21, 1901) was a Moldavian, later Romanian historian, Romantic author of historical fiction and plays, academic and politician. The author of Romanian history syntheses, a noted bibliographer, heraldist, ethnographer and folklorist, he founded and managed a private school, later holding teaching positions at the University of Ia\u015fi and University of Bucharest. Urechia was also one of the founding members of the Romanian Academy and, as frequent traveler to Spain and fluent speaker of Spanish, a corresponding member of the Royal Spanish Academy. He was the father of satirist Alceu Urechia.\nAs an ideologue, Urechia developed \"Romanianism\", which offered a template for cultural and political cooperation among Romanians from several historical regions, and formed part of a Pan-Latinist campaign. An activist in favor of the Moldavia's union to Wallachia and a representative of the liberal wing, he was briefly Moldavian Minister of Religious Affairs, and later a prominent member of the National Liberal Party. For more than three decades, Urechia represented Covurlui County in the Romanian Kingdom's Chamber of Deputies and Senate. He was Education Minister under two successive National Liberal administrations, and, during the 1890s, he founded the Cultural League for the Unity of All Romanians, which focused on encouraging the aspirations of Romanians living in Austria-Hungary.\nOften portrayed as an amateurish and inconsequential presence in Romanian literature and science, Urechia was involved in a decade-long controversy with Junimea, a conservative literary society which advocated professionalization. Among those involved on the Junimist side were literary critic Titu Maiorescu and poet Mihai Eminescu. Like other contributors to the liberal magazine Revista Contimporan\u0103, Urechia was a notorious target of Maiorescu's campaign against \"inebriation with words\", and ultimately sided with the anti-Junimist author Alexandru Macedonski, becoming a contributor to Literatorul magazine. The polemics touched on his private life, after claims surfaced that he was secretly leading a polygynous lifestyle.", "Q8023": "Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; Xhosa: [xol\u00ed\u026ca\u026ca mand\u025b\u0302\u02d0la]; 18 July 1918 \u2013 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as the president of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.\nA Xhosa, Mandela was born to the Thembu royal family in Mvezo, Union of South Africa. He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg. There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics, joining the ANC in 1943 and co-founding its Youth League in 1944. After the National Party's white-only government established apartheid, a system of racial segregation that privileged whites, he and the ANC committed themselves to its overthrow. Mandela was appointed President of the ANC's Transvaal branch, rising to prominence for his involvement in the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People. He was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial. Influenced by Marxism, he secretly joined the banned South African Communist Party (SACP). Although initially committed to non-violent protest, in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961 and led a sabotage campaign against the government. He was arrested and imprisoned in 1962, and subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment for conspiring to overthrow the state following the Rivonia Trial.\nMandela served 27 years in prison, split between Robben Island, Pollsmoor Prison, and Victor Verster Prison. Amid growing domestic and international pressure, and with fears of a racial civil war, President F. W. de Klerk released him in 1990. Mandela and de Klerk led efforts to negotiate an end to apartheid, which resulted in the 1994 multiracial general election in which Mandela led the ANC to victory and became president. Leading a broad coalition government which promulgated a new constitution, Mandela emphasised reconciliation between the country's racial groups and created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses. Economically, Mandela's administration retained its predecessor's liberal framework despite his own socialist beliefs, also introducing measures to encourage land reform, combat poverty, and expand healthcare services. Internationally, he acted as mediator in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial and served as Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999. He declined a second presidential term, and in 1999 was succeeded by his deputy, Thabo Mbeki. Mandela became an elder statesman and focused on combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the charitable Nelson Mandela Foundation.\nMandela was a controversial figure for much of his life. Although critics on the right denounced him as a communist terrorist and those on the far-left deemed him too eager to negotiate and reconcile with apartheid's supporters, he gained international acclaim for his activism. Widely regarded as an icon of democracy and social justice, he received more than 250 honours\u2014including the Nobel Peace Prize\u2014and became the subject of a cult of personality. He is held in deep respect within South Africa, where he is often referred to by his Xhosa clan name, Madiba, and described as the \"Father of the Nation\".", "Q1373929": "Robert William Kearns (March 10, 1927 \u2013 February 9, 2005) was an American engineer, educator and inventor who invented the most common intermittent windshield wiper systems used on most automobiles from 1969 to the present. His first patent for the invention was filed on December 1, 1964, after a few previous designs by other inventors had failed to gain any traction in manufacturing.\nKearns won one of the best known patent infringement cases against Ford Motor Company (1978\u20131990) and a case against Chrysler Corporation (1982\u20131992). Having invented and patented the intermittent windshield wiper mechanism, which was useful in light rain or mist, he tried to interest the \"Big Three\" auto makers (General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler) in licensing the technology. Each rejected his proposal, yet began to install electronic intermittent wipers based on Kearns's design in their cars, beginning in 1969, when Ford rolled out the feature to its Mercury line.\nKearns's legal battle against Ford to protect his invention and patent was the subject of a 1993 article in The New Yorker magazine, which became the basis for a full-length biographical feature film titled Flash of Genius in 2008. Kearns was played by actor Greg Kinnear. Kearns had six children with his wife Phyllis, although they separated, supposedly as a result of the stress from the legal battle. He died of brain cancer at the age of 77.\n\n", "Q773717": "Nippon Columbia Co., Ltd. (\u65e5\u672c\u30b3\u30ed\u30e0\u30d3\u30a2\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e, Nippon Koromubia Kabushiki Kaisha), often pronounced Korombia, operating internationally as Nipponophone Co., Ltd. (\u65e5\u672c\u84c4\u97f3\u5668\u5546\u4f1a, Nihon Chikuonki Sh\u014dkai), is a Japanese record label founded in 1910 as Nipponophone Co., Ltd. It affiliated itself with the Columbia Graphophone Company of the United Kingdom and adopted the standard UK Columbia trademarks (the \"Magic Notes\") in 1931. The company changed its name to Nippon Columbia Co., Ltd. in 1946. It used the Nippon Columbia name until October 1, 2002, when it became Columbia Music Entertainment, Inc. (\u30b3\u30ed\u30e0\u30d3\u30a2\u30df\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30c3\u30af\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30c6\u30a4\u30f3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e, Koromubia My\u016bjikku Entateinmento Kabushiki kaisha). On October 1, 2010, the company returned to its current name. Outside Japan, the company formerly as the Savoy Label Group, which releases recordings on the SLG, Savoy Jazz, and continues to operate as Denon. It also manufactured electronic products under the Denon brand name until 2001. In 2017, Concord Music acquired Savoy Label Group.", "Q1285073": "The Militant League for German Culture (German: Kampfbund f\u00fcr deutsche Kultur, KfdK), was a nationalistic anti-Semitic political society during the Weimar Republic and the Nazi era. It was founded in 1928 as the Nationalsozialistische Gesellschaft f\u00fcr deutsche Kultur (NGDK, National Socialist Society for German Culture') by Nazi ideologue Alfred Rosenberg and remained under his leadership until it was reorganized and renamed to the National Socialist Culture Community (Nationalsozialistische Kulturgemeinde) in 1934. Its aim was to make a significant imprint on cultural life in Germany that was based on the aims and objectives of the inner circles of the Nazi Party. Upon its reorganization, it was merged with the Deutsche B\u00fchne (German Stage), connected with the establishment of the official body for cultural surveillance, the \"Dienstelle Rosenberg\" (DRbg) and was later known as the Amt Rosenberg.", "Q273292": "Caroline Cellier (born 1945) is a French actress. She has appeared in such films as L'ann\u00e9e des m\u00e9duses (Year of the Jellyfish), La vie, l'amour, la mort, Le z\u00e8bre and Le Plaisir (et ses petits tracas).\n\n", "Q88710": "Karl Friedrich Henckell (17 April 1864, Hanover \u2013 30 July 1929, Lindau) was a German author, poet, and publisher.\nHenckell studied at the universities of Berlin, Heidelberg, Munich, and Zurich. He lived abroad, in Switzerland, in Zurich and much later Muri (Bern), in Italy (Milan), and in Belgium (Brussels), and was well acquainted with the modern literatures of Europe, on which he frequently lectured, besides giving readings from his own poems. From 1896 until 1905 he was his own publisher, as well as the publisher of other literature, in Zurich and Leipzig. He settled in Munich in 1908. His poetry is revolutionary and socialistic in its tendency.\nThe composer Richard Strauss set nine of Henckell's poems to music, the first one in 1894, \"Ruhe, meine Seele!\" (Rest, my soul).", "Q1057199": "Hokkaido University (\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u5927\u5b66, Hokkaid\u014d daigaku), or Hokudai (\u5317\u5927), is a Japanese national university in Sapporo, Hokkaido. It is a member of the Imperial Universities, which were established to be the nation's finest institutes of higher education or research. It is located in downtown Sapporo, just north of Sapporo Station, and stretching approximately 2.4 kilometers northward. It is considered one of the top universities in Japan.", "Q15141": "The B\u00f6s Fulen is a mountain in the Schwyz Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Schwyz and Glarus. It overlooks the valleys of Muotathal (Schwyz) and Linthal. It is the highest summit of the canton of Schwyz. Politically, it is split between the municipalities of Muotathal (Schwyz) and Glarus. Braunwald is the nearest locality.", "Q705681": "Leslie Aaron Fiedler (March 8, 1917 \u2013 January 29, 2003) was an American literary critic, known for his interest in mythography and his championing of genre fiction. His work also involves the application of psychological theories to American literature. His most renowned work is Love and Death in the American Novel (1960).", "Q53114": "Hodierna of Jerusalem (c. 1110 \u2013 c. 1164) was a Countess consort of Tripoli through her marriage to Raymond II of Tripoli, and regent of the County of Tripoli during the minority of her son from 1152 until 1155.", "Q3491424": "Bed\u0159ich Moldan (born 15 August 1935, Prague, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech ecologist, publicist and politician.\nMoldan is professor of environmental science, founder and director of the Charles University Environment Center. From 2001 to 2004 coordinating lead author of Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.\nFrom 1990 to 1991, Bed\u0159ich Moldan was the first Minister of Environment of the Czech Republic, then part of Czechoslovakia. He is a founding member of the Civic Democratic Party. In 2004 he was elected to the Senate of the Czech Republic.\n\nIn 2010 he received the SCOPE-Zhongyu Environmental Award for lifetime achievement.", "Q414052": "The Academy of Fine Arts, Munich (German: Akademie der Bildenden K\u00fcnste M\u00fcnchen, also known as Munich Academy) is one of the oldest and most significant art academies in Germany. It is located in the Maxvorstadt district of Munich, in Bavaria, Germany.", "Q387307": "\u015aroda \u015al\u0105ska [\u02c8\u0255r\u0254da \u02c8\u0255l\u0254\u0303ska] (German: Neumarkt in Schlesien) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of \u015aroda \u015al\u0105ska County, and of the smaller administrative district (gmina) called Gmina \u015aroda \u015al\u0105ska. The town lies approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) west of the regional capital Wroc\u0142aw, on the \u015aredzka Woda creek. As of 2019, the town has a population of 9,516.", "Q240658": "Brenda Buell Vaccaro (born November 18, 1939) is an American stage, television, and film actress. In a career spanning over half a century, she received one Academy Award nomination, three Golden Globe Award nominations (winning one), four Primetime Emmy Award nominations (winning one), and three Tony Award nominations.", "Q271": "The Prytan\u00e9e National Militaire, originally Coll\u00e8ge Royal Henry-Le-Grand or Coll\u00e8ge Henri-IV de La Fl\u00e8che, is a French military school managed by the French military, offering regular secondary education as well as special preparatory classes, equivalent in level to the first years of university, for students who wish to enter French military academies. The school is located in western France in the city of La Fl\u00e8che.\nAt first founded in 1604 by the King Henri IV the school was given to the Jesuits in the aim to \"instruct the young people and make it fall in love of sciences, honor and virtue, in order to be able to serve\". It then became the \"Prytan\u00e9e\" wanted by Napoleon in 1800.", "Q247137": "Aelius Donatus (English: ; fl. mid-fourth century AD) was a Roman grammarian and teacher of rhetoric. St. Jerome states in Contra Rufinum 1.16 that Donatus was his tutor.", "Q2086086": "Valeriy Shotayevich Meladze (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0428\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0435, Georgian: \u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4; born 23 June 1965 in Batumi) is a Russian singer of Georgian descent. He is the brother of composer and producer Konstantin Meladze, who writes songs for him. Meritorious Artist of Russia (2006).\n\n", "Q57372": "Joachim Clemens Fest (8 December 1926 \u2013 11 September 2006) was a German journalist, critic, and editor best known for his writings and public commentary on Nazi Germany, including a biography of Adolf Hitler and books about Albert Speer and the German Resistance to Nazism. He was a leading figure in the debate among German historians about the Nazi period.", "Q375191": "L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Szab\u00f3 (born 24 March 1936) is a Hungarian actor, film director and screenwriter. He has appeared in more than 120 films since 1952, including seven films that have been screened at the Cannes Film Festival.\n\n", "Q41510": "Mandy Nicola Haberman (born 1956) is an English inventor and entrepreneur. She is the director and founder of Haberman Products and is best known for inventing a range of innovative baby bottles such as The Haberman Feeder, The Anywayup Cup, and The Suckle Feeder. She is also the non-executive director of the UK Intellectual Property Office Steering Board, founder, member, and freeman of the Guild of Entrepreneurs, and is the vice chair of the Intellectual Property Awareness Network.[1]\nShe started off as a graphic designer and became an entrepreneur following the birth of her third child, as she considers herself a \u2018mother of invention\u2019.[1] Haberman\u2019s daughter was born in 1980 with Stickler syndrome, which refers to a group of disorders of connective tissue that can result in difficulty breathing. She had the congenital abnormality that included a cleft palate. Despite having no experience with business or innovation, she decided to create a cup to simulate breastfeeding. This is when the Haberman Feeder came to be, a special bottle for infants with sucking difficulties. She originally went to companies, but none were interested, forcing her to commercialize the product by herself. It was a big risk for Haberman, but she notes, \u201cbusiness involves risk. Sometimes you just have to be brave and go with your gut instinct.\u201d[3] This risk paid off, as for 30 years, the Haberman Feeder has been recommended by medical professionals, and is widely used in hospitals throughout the world. \nHer second invention, the Anywayup Cup, came to be ten years later after she observed a pain point in baby bottles first hand when a toddler spilled juice all over her friend's carpet.[1] It was the first sippy cup to seal between sips and her most successful invention to date. This invention is available on the commercial market, selling 10 million cups per year. The Anywayup Cup has received numerous awards, such as a Gold Medal at the Salon International des Inventions in Geneva, a Horner's Award for innovative use of plastics, the overall 3M award for innovation categories at the Design Effectiveness Awards in 2000, the Tommy Award for the Most Parent Friendly Innovative Product, and the Best Consumer product of the year 2000.[1] All of these accomplishments got her awarded as the Female Inventor of the Year 2000.[1] \nIn 2013 she launched her third product, The Suckle Feeder, which enables a baby to feed more actively.[1] This product was yet another success, being awarded the Prima Baby Gold Award, Right Start Best Baby Essentials, Made for Mums, Mother and Baby, and Junior Magazine Design awards.[1] \nThroughout her career, Haberman has continuously fought for her intellectual property. After the Anywayup Cup\u2019s launch, many similar products came to the market. Despite having to go against larger and much more powerful companies, she came out successful.[1]\nAll of her success has led to various appointments. Haberman was appointed in 2013 as the vice chair of the Intellectual Property Awareness Network.[1] In 2015 she was appointed by the UK Government as a non-executive director of the UK Intellectual Property Office Steering Board, where, as of March 2020, she is in her second term. Haberman also became a founder, member, and freeman of the Guild of Entrepreneurs in the same year.[1] \nAs of 2020, Haberman is still in charge of Haberman Products and is constantly finding new problems and solving them. She has become a \u201ccampaigner for improvements in the patent system\u201d and believes that everyone should have a basic understanding of intellectual property. She says that by protecting her technologies, she \u201cwas able to secure [her] position in the market and reap the benefit from years of hard work.\u201d[1]\n\n", "Q271485": "Margarita Terekhova (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430; born August 25, 1942 in Turinsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russian SFSR) is a Soviet and Russian film and theatre actress. She was awarded the title People's Artist of Russia. (1996)", "Q240880": "Jasika Nicole Pruitt (born April 10, 1980), known professionally as Jasika Nicole, is an American actress and illustrator from Birmingham, Alabama. She is known for her role as Agent Astrid Farnsworth on the Fox series Fringe She has guest-starred in Scandal as Kim Munoz. Currently, she stars as Carly Lever, the head of pathology, in the ABC medical drama The Good Doctor.", "Q236916": "M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Margosyan (born 23 December 1938) is a Turkish Armenian writer of Armenian descent.", "Q490352": "Peter Sunde Kolmisoppi (born 13 September 1978), alias brokep, is a Swedish entrepreneur and politician. Sunde is of Norwegian and Finnish ancestry. He is best known for being a co-founder and ex-spokesperson of The Pirate Bay, a BitTorrent search engine. He is an equality advocate and has expressed concerns over issues of centralization of power to the European Union in his blog. Sunde also participates in the Pirate Party of Finland and describes himself as a socialist. As of April 2017, Sunde has been working on a new venture called Njalla, a privacy oriented domain name registrar.", "Q92748": "Yukihiro Matsumoto (\u307e\u3064\u3082\u3068\u3086\u304d\u3072\u308d, Matsumoto Yukihiro, born 14 April 1965), also known as Matz, is a Japanese computer scientist and software programmer best known as the chief designer of the Ruby programming language and its reference implementation, Matz's Ruby Interpreter (MRI). His demeanor has brought about a motto in the Ruby community: \"Matz is nice and so we are nice,\" commonly abbreviated as MINASWAN.\nAs of 2011, Matsumoto is the Chief Architect of Ruby at Heroku, an online cloud platform-as-a-service in San Francisco. He is a fellow of Rakuten Institute of Technology, a research and development organisation in Rakuten Inc. He was appointed to the role of technical advisor for VASILY, Inc. starting in June 2014.", "Q362406": "Joseph Ronald Drew (16 September 1934 \u2013 16 August 2008) was an Irish singer, folk musician and actor who achieved international fame during a fifty-year career recording with The Dubliners.\nHe is most recognised for his lead vocals on the single \"Seven Drunken Nights\" and \"The Irish Rover\" both charting in the UK top 10 and then performed on TOTP. He was recognisable for his long beard and pale blue eyes and his voice, which was once described by Nathan Joseph as being \"like the sound of coke being crushed under a door\".", "Q304783": "Ryszard \u015awi\u0119tochowski (September 17, 1882 in Warsaw \u2013 1941 in Auschwitz) was a Polish politician, publicist and engineer. He was the son of Aleksander \u015awi\u0119tochowski.\nSwi\u0119tochowski was an activist of SP and People's Party, co-worker of general W\u0142adys\u0142aw Sikorski, editor-in-chief of the weekly magazines Zwrot and Odnowa and author of several scientific works in physics.\nDuring the Second World War and the German occupation of Poland, he was murdered in the German concentration camp Auschwitz.", "Q153677": "For a Few Dollars More (Italian: Per qualche dollaro in pi\u00f9) is a 1965 spaghetti Western film directed by Sergio Leone. It stars Clint Eastwood and Lee Van Cleef as bounty hunters and Gian Maria Volont\u00e9 as the primary villain. German actor Klaus Kinski plays a supporting role as a secondary villain. The film was an international co-production among Italy, West Germany, and Spain. The film was released in the United States in 1967, and is the second part of what is commonly known as the Dollars Trilogy, following A Fistful of Dollars and preceding The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. The films catapulted Eastwood and Van Cleef into stardom.", "Q2283": "Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington. It develops, manufactures, licenses, supports, and sells computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. In 2016, it was the world's largest software maker by revenue (currently Alphabet/Google has more revenue). The word \"Microsoft\" is a portmanteau of \"microcomputer\" and \"software\". Microsoft is ranked No. 30 in the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975, to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by Microsoft Windows. The company's 1986 initial public offering (IPO), and subsequent rise in its share price, created three billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires among Microsoft employees. Since the 1990s, it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions, their largest being the acquisition of LinkedIn for $26.2 billion in December 2016, followed by their acquisition of Skype Technologies for $8.5 billion in May 2011.As of 2015, Microsoft is market-dominant in the IBM PC compatible operating system market and the office software suite market, although it has lost the majority of the overall operating system market to Android. The company also produces a wide range of other consumer and enterprise software for desktops, laptops, tabs, gadgets, and servers, including Internet search (with Bing), the digital services market (through MSN), mixed reality (HoloLens), cloud computing (Azure), and software development (Visual Studio).\nSteve Ballmer replaced Gates as CEO in 2000, and later envisioned a \"devices and services\" strategy. This unfolded with Microsoft acquiring Danger Inc. in 2008, entering the personal computer production market for the first time in June 2012 with the launch of the Microsoft Surface line of tablet computers, and later forming Microsoft Mobile through the acquisition of Nokia's devices and services division. Since Satya Nadella took over as CEO in 2014, the company has scaled back on hardware and has instead focused on cloud computing, a move that helped the company's shares reach its highest value since December 1999.Earlier dethroned by Apple in 2010, in 2018 Microsoft reclaimed its position as the most valuable publicly traded company in the world. In April 2019, Microsoft reached the trillion-dollar market cap, becoming the third U.S. public company to be valued at over $1 trillion after Apple and Amazon respectively.", "Q276301": "Carly Maria McKillip (born February 13, 1989) is a Canadian actress and musician known for her title role in the television series Alice, I Think. She also performs together with her sister Britt in the country group One More Girl. She was occasionally miscredited as Carly McKillup. She also provided the voice of Sakura Avalon, the title character of the Nelvana dubbed anime television series Cardcaptors.\n\n", "Q115622": "Willy Sp\u00fchler (31 January 1902 in Zurich \u2013 31 May 1990) was a Swiss politician.\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 17 December 1959, representing the Canton of Z\u00fcrich, and handed over office on 31 January 1970. He was affiliated to the Social Democratic Party. He was a municipal councillor in Zurich in 1928 and a national councillor from 1938 to 1959. He was the first foreign minister to advocate Switzerland's membership of the United Nations in 1966. One week after de Gaulle's Vive le Queb\u00e9c libre!, Sp\u00fchler delivered a speech on pluringual Switzerland during Montreal's Universal Exhibition in 1967 .\nDuring his time in office he held the following departments:\n\nDepartment of Posts and Railways (1960\u20131962), renamed Department of Transport, Communications and Energy (1963\u20131965)\nPolitical Department (1966\u20131970)He was President of the Confederation in 1963 and 1968. After retirement, he presided the Pro Helvetia Foundation and the consultative commission for Switzerland's presence abroad.", "Q66144": "Hans-Peter Friedrich (born 10 March 1957) is a German politician of the Christian Social Union (CSU) who has been serving as a member of the German Bundestag since 1998. Under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel, he served as Federal Minister of the Interior (2011-2013) and as Minister for Food and Agriculture (2013). Friedrich resigned from that position in February 2014. Friedrich has a controversial history with minorities in Germany, causing outrage in 2013 after telling journalists that Islam in Germany is not something supported by history at any point.", "Q1316196": "John Resig is an American software engineer and entrepreneur, best known as the creator and lead developer of the jQuery JavaScript library.", "Q2994217": "Ser\u00fa Gir\u00e1n was an Argentine rock supergroup. Formed in 1978, the group consisted of Charly Garc\u00eda (keyboards, synthesizers and vocals), David Leb\u00f3n (guitars and vocals), Pedro Aznar (electric and fretless bass and vocals) and Oscar Moro (drums and percussion). It is considered one of the best in the history of Rock en espa\u00f1ol, both musically and conceptually, including the staging. It is also renowned for the virtuosity of its musicians.", "Q70726": "T\u00e9venon is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.\nThe municipalities of Fontanezier, Romairon, Vaugondry and Villars-Burquin merged on 1 July 2011 into the new municipality of T\u00e9venon.", "Q390690": "Owen Smith (born 2 May 1970) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Pontypridd from 2010 to 2019.Before being elected to Parliament, Smith worked as a radio and television producer for the BBC, as a special adviser for Welsh Secretary Paul Murphy, and as a political lobbyist for Pfizer. Smith went on to serve as Shadow Welsh Secretary under Ed Miliband from 2012 until 2015, and then as Shadow Work and Pensions Secretary under Jeremy Corbyn from 2015 until he resigned in June 2016. On 13 July 2016, he contested the leadership of the Labour Party and was defeated. After the 2017 general election, Corbyn appointed Smith as Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. He was sacked from this post on 23 March 2018 after he publicly called for a referendum on the final Brexit deal, a position that was against Labour party policy of the time (the party adopted this position the following year).He has been described as being on the soft left of the Labour Party, with Kevin Maguire of the Daily Mirror noting Smith's politics \"largely overlap when it comes to policy\" with Corbyn's.\n\n", "Q465640": "Aleksandr Lukich Ptushko (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041b\u0443\u043a\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0442\u0443\u0448\u043a\u043e, Ukrainian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041b\u0443\u043a\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0442\u0443\u0448\u043a\u043e; 19 April [O.S. 6 April] 1900 \u2013 6 March 1973) was a Soviet animation and fantasy film director, and a People's Artist of the USSR (1969). Ptushko is frequently (and somewhat misleadingly) referred to as \"the Soviet Walt Disney,\" due to his prominent early role in animation in the Soviet Union, though a more accurate comparison would be to Willis O'Brien or Ray Harryhausen. Some critics, such as Tim Lucas and Alan Upchurch, have also compared Ptushko to Italian filmmaker Mario Bava, who made fantasy and horror films with similarities to Ptushko's work and made similarly innovative use of color cinematography and special effects. He began his film career as a director and animator of stop-motion short films, and became a director of feature-length films combining live-action, stop-motion, creative special effects, and Russian mythology. Along the way he would be responsible for a number of firsts in Russian film history (including the first feature-length animated film, and the first film in color), and would make several extremely popular and internationally praised films full of visual flair and spectacle.\n\n", "Q747459": "Gene Youngblood (born 30 May 1942), is a theorist of media arts and politics, and a respected scholar in the history and theory of alternative cinemas. His best known book, Expanded Cinema, was the first to consider video as an art form and has been credited with helping to legitimate the fields of computer art and media arts. He is also known for his pioneering work in the media democracy movement, a subject on which he has taught, written, and lectured since 1967.", "Q57399": "Markus Johannes Wolf (19 January 1923 \u2013 9 November 2006) was head of the Main Directorate for Reconnaissance (Hauptverwaltung Aufkl\u00e4rung), the foreign intelligence division of East Germany's Ministry for State Security (Ministerium f\u00fcr Staatssicherheit, abbreviated MfS, commonly known as the Stasi). He was the Stasi's number two for 34 years, which spanned most of the Cold War. He is often regarded as one of the most well known spymasters during the Cold War. In the West he was known as \"the man without a face\" due to his elusiveness.", "Q270770": "Dorothy-Marie Jones (born January 4, 1964) is an American actress and retired athlete who has had multiple roles in television. She attended California State University, Fresno, where she set records for shot put. Jones is also a 15-time world arm wrestling champion. She was a recurring guest star starting in the second season of the musical television series Glee as Coach Beiste, and appeared through the show's sixth and final season, when she was promoted to starring status. She was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series in 2011, 2012, and 2013 for her portrayal of Coach Beiste. She is best known for her roles as Coach Kelly in Lizzie McGuire and Butch Brenda in Material Girls.", "Q537112": "Ford Madox Ford (n\u00e9 Ford Hermann Hueffer ( HEF-\u0259r); 17 December 1873 \u2013 26 June 1939) was an English novelist, poet, critic and editor whose journals The English Review and The Transatlantic Review were instrumental in the development of early 20th-century English literature.\nFord is now remembered for his novels The Good Soldier (1915), the Parade's End tetralogy (1924\u201328) and The Fifth Queen trilogy (1906\u201308). The Good Soldier is frequently included among the great literature of the 20th century, including the Modern Library 100 Best Novels, The Observer\u2032s \"100 Greatest Novels of All Time\", and The Guardian\u2032s \"1000 novels everyone must read\".", "Q439895": "Tammin Sursok is a South African-born Australian actress and singer. She is known for her roles on television as Dani Sutherland on Home and Away, Colleen Carlton on The Young and the Restless, and Jenna Marshall on Pretty Little Liars.\n\n", "Q32515": "The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames (pronunciation ) in southwest London forms part of Outer London and is the only London borough on both sides of the River Thames. It was created in 1965 when three smaller council areas amalgamated under the London Government Act 1963. It is governed by Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council and is divided into nineteen wards.The borough is home to the National Physical Laboratory and The National Archives. The attractions of Kew Gardens, Hampton Court Palace, Twickenham Stadium and the WWT London Wetlands Centre are within its boundaries and draw domestic and international tourism.", "Q637814": "Gramy Records is a Hungarian record label specializing in jazz, world music and classical music.The company was founded in 1999 by Attila Egerh\u00e1zi. It is part of the Gramy Group, which includes a recording studio, film studio, an office for graphic design and web design, and an advertising agency.", "Q977815": "Sir Raymond Unwin (2 November 1863 \u2013 29 June 1940) was a prominent and influential English engineer, architect and town planner, with an emphasis on improvements in working class housing.", "Q331738": "Western Union is a 1941 American Western film directed by Fritz Lang and starring Robert Young, Randolph Scott, and Dean Jagger. Filmed in Technicolor on location in Arizona and Utah, Western Union is about a reformed outlaw who tries to make good by joining the team wiring the Great Plains for telegraph service in 1861. Conflicts arise between the man and his former gang, as well as between the team stringing the wires and the Native Americans through whose land the new lines must run. In this regard, the film is not historically accurate; Edward Creighton was known for his honest and humane treatment of the tribes along the right of way and this was rewarded on the part of the Indians by their trust and cooperation with Creighton and his workers. The installation of telegraph wires was met with protest from no one.The film is based on the novel Western Union by Zane Grey, although there are significant differences between the two plots.", "Q25069": "The Ogre (German: Der Unhold) is a 1996 French-German-British drama film directed by Volker Schl\u00f6ndorff and starring John Malkovich, Gottfried John, Marianne S\u00e4gebrecht, Volker Spengler, Heino Ferch, Dieter Laser and Armin Mueller-Stahl. It was written by Jean-Claude Carri\u00e8re and Schl\u00f6ndorff, based on the novel The Erl-King by Michel Tournier. The story follows a simple man who recruits children to be Nazis in the belief that he is protecting them.", "Q107226": "The Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 American action thriller film directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum. The screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi and based on a screen story of the novel by Gilroy. The Bourne Ultimatum is the third installment in the Jason Bourne film series, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002) and The Bourne Supremacy (2004). The fourth film, The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, without the involvement of Damon, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to Ultimatum), Jason Bourne, was released in July 2016.\nMatt Damon reprises his role as Ludlum's signature character, former CIA assassin and psychogenic amnesiac Jason Bourne. In the film, Bourne continues his search for information about his past before he was part of Operation Treadstone and becomes a target of a similar assassin program.\nThe Bourne Ultimatum was produced by Universal Pictures and was released on August 3, 2007, and grossed a total of $442 million worldwide becoming, at the time, Damon's highest-grossing film with him as the lead. The film received acclaim from critics, who considered it to be the best film in the series, and praised the performances, action sequences, sound design, story, stunts, camerawork and John Powell's musical score. It was chosen by National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2007 and went on to win all three of its nominations at the 80th Academy Awards: Best Film Editing, Best Sound Mixing and Best Sound Editing.", "Q1952": "Nova Scotia () is a province in eastern Canada. With a population of 923,598 as of 2016, it is the most populous of Canada's three Maritime provinces and the four Atlantic provinces. It is the country's second-most densely populated province and second-smallest province by area, both after neighbouring Prince Edward Island. Its area of 55,284 square kilometres (21,345 sq mi) includes Cape Breton Island and 3,800 other coastal islands. The peninsula that makes up Nova Scotia's mainland is connected to the rest of North America by the Isthmus of Chignecto, on which the province's land border with New Brunswick is located. The province borders the Bay of Fundy to the northwest and the Atlantic Ocean to the south and east, and is separated from Prince Edward Island and the island of Newfoundland by the Northumberland and Cabot straits, respectively.\nThe land that comprises what is now Nova Scotia has been inhabited by the indigenous Mi\ua78ckmaq people for thousands of years. France's first settlement in North America, Port-Royal, was established in 1605 and intermittently served in various locations as the capital of the French colony of Acadia for over a hundred years. The Fortress of Louisbourg was a key focus point in the struggle between the British and French for control of the area, changing hands numerous times in the until France relinquished its claims with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. During the American Revolutionary War, thousands of Loyalists settled in Nova Scotia. In 1848, Nova Scotia became the first British colony to achieve responsible government, and it federated in July 1867 with New Brunswick and the Province of Canada (now Ontario and Quebec) to form what is now the country of Canada.\nNova Scotia's capital and largest city is Halifax, which today is home to about 45 per cent of the province's population, is the thirteenth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada, the largest city in Atlantic Canada, and Canada's second-largest coastal city (after Vancouver).", "Q118306": "Claude H\u00eache (born 20 December 1952) is a Swiss politician and First Vice President of the Swiss Council of States for 2013/2014.H\u00eache was elected to the Council of States by the Canton of Jura in 2007. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPS/PSS). From 1995 to 2007, he was a member of the government of the canton of Jura.", "Q75886": "Karl Paul August Friedrich Liebknecht (German: [\u02c8li\u02d0pkn\u025b\u00e7t] (listen); 13 August 1871 \u2013 15 January 1919) was a Jewish German socialist, originally in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and later a co-founder with Rosa Luxemburg of the Spartacist League and the Communist Party of Germany which split away from the SPD. He is best known for his opposition to World War I in the Reichstag and his role in the Spartacist uprising of 1919. The uprising was crushed by the SPD government and the Freikorps (paramilitary units formed of World War I veterans). Liebknecht and Luxemburg were murdered.\nAfter their deaths, Liebknecht and Luxemburg became martyrs for socialists. According to the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, commemoration of Liebknecht and Luxemburg continues to play an important role among the German left, including Die Linke.", "Q339364": "Il tempo degli avvoltoi (also known as Last of the Badmen, Time of Vultures and No Tears for a Killer) is a 1967 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by Nando Cicero.", "Q524608": "Jeroen Paul Thesseling (born 13 April 1971) is a Dutch fretless bass player, most famous for his work in the German band Obscura, Dutch band Pestilence and Dutch-Cuban group Salazh Trio.", "Q120699": "Alphonzo Edward Bell Jr. (September 19, 1914 \u2013 April 25, 2004) was a Republican United States Representative from California. Bell represented Malibu and the influential Westside region of Los Angeles for eight terms from 1961\u201377.\n\n", "Q525516": "Shirley Mae Goodman (June 19, 1936 \u2013 July 5, 2005) was an American R&B singer, best known as one half of Shirley and Lee, a 1950s duo. Later in her career, she had a resurgence with the disco hit \"Shame, Shame, Shame\" in the 1970s.", "Q110982": "Christa Linder is a German film actress.\n\n", "Q272167": "Shoegazing (or shoegaze, initially known as \"dream pop\") is a subgenre of indie and alternative rock that emerged in the United Kingdom in the late 1980s. It is characterized by its ethereal-sounding mixture of obscured vocals, guitar distortion and effects, feedback, and overwhelming volume. The term shoegazing was coined by the British music press to describe the stage presence of a wave of neo-psychedelic groups who stood still during live performances in a detached, introspective, non-confrontational state with their heads down. This was because the heavy use of effects pedals meant the performers were often looking down at the readouts on their pedals during concerts.Most shoegazing artists drew from the glide guitar template set by My Bloody Valentine on their early EPs and album Isn't Anything from the late 1980s. A loose label given to the shoegazing bands and other affiliated bands in London in the early 1990s was The Scene That Celebrates Itself. In the early 1990s, shoegazing groups were pushed aside by the American grunge movement and early Britpop acts such as Suede, forcing the relatively unknown bands to break up or reinvent their style altogether. In the 2000s, there was renewed interest in the genre among \"Nu gaze\" bands.", "Q1538030": "Gordon Hindle Rawcliffe FRS (2 June 1910 \u2013 3 September 1979) was a British electrical engineer and academic.", "Q301823": "Boiling Point, known in Japan as San tai Yon ekkusu Jugatsu (\uff13\uff0d\uff14\uff38\uff11\uff10\u6708, literally \"3 to 4x October\"), is a 1990 Japanese crime film written and directed by Takeshi Kitano, who also co-stars under his stage name Beat Takeshi. It was Kitano's second film as a director and first film as a screenwriter. Boiling Point is seen as an important first step in his development as an editor and as a director.", "Q1475124": "Walter E. \"Furry\" Lewis (March 6, 1893 or 1899 \u2013 September 14, 1981) was an American country blues guitarist and songwriter from Memphis, Tennessee. He was one of the first of the blues musicians active in the 1920s to be brought out of retirement and given new opportunities to record during the folk blues revival of the 1960s.", "Q111322": "Eugen Grosche (11 March 1888, in Leipzig \u2013 5 January 1964), also known as Gregor A. Gregorius, was a German occultist and author. He was founder and Grandmaster of the lodge Fraternitas Saturni from 1926 till 1964.", "Q89383": "Otto Skorzeny (12 June 1908 \u2013 5 July 1975) was an Austrian-born SS-Obersturmbannf\u00fchrer (lieutenant colonel) in the Waffen-SS during World War II. During the war, he was involved in several operations, including the removal from power of Hungarian Regent Mikl\u00f3s Horthy and the rescue mission that freed Benito Mussolini from captivity. Skorzeny led Operation Greif, in which German soldiers infiltrated Allied lines by using their opponents' uniforms, equipment, language and customs. For this he was charged at the Dachau Military Tribunal with breaching the 1907 Hague Convention, but was acquitted after a former British SOE agent F.F. Yeo Thomas testified that he and his operatives had worn German uniforms behind enemy lines.\nSkorzeny escaped from an internment camp in 1948, hiding out on a Bavarian farm for 18 months, then spent time in Paris and Salzburg before eventually settling in Francoist Spain. In 1953 he became a military advisor to Egyptian President Mohammed Naguib and recruited a staff of former SS and Wehrmacht officers to train the Egyptian Army, staying on to advise President Gamal Abdel Nasser. He spent time in Argentina, where he acted as an advisor to President Juan Per\u00f3n and as a bodyguard for Eva Per\u00f3n. In 1962, Skorzeny was allegedly recruited by the Mossad and conducted operations for the agency. Skorzeny died of lung cancer on 5 July 1975 in Madrid at the age of 67.", "Q72657": "Hans Kr\u00fcger (6 July 1902 \u2013 3 November 1971) was a former member of the NSDAP party and other Nazi organizations who served as an SS judge in occupied Poland during the Second World War. After the war he became West German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as Federal Minister for Displaced Persons, Refugees and War Victims of the Federal Republic of Germany from 17 October 1963 to 7 February 1964, in the First Cabinet of Chancellor Ludwig Erhard, as President of the Federation of Expellees from 1959 to 1964, and as a Member of Parliament from 1957 to 1965. He stepped down from cabinet amid controversy about his war-time background.\n\n", "Q723875": "S\u00f8ren Hjorth (13 October 1801, in Vesterbygaard at Kalundborg in the west of Zealand (Denmark) \u2013 28 August 1870, in Copenhagen) was a Danish railway pioneer and inventor. Before Werner von Siemens, he discovered the dynamo-electric principle in 1854 and received the first patent for a self-excited dynamo.", "Q1372362": "Gakush\u016bin University (\u5b66\u7fd2\u9662\u5927\u5b66, Gakush\u016bin Daigaku) is a private university in Mejiro, Toshima Ward, Tokyo. It was re-established after World War II as an affiliate of the Gakush\u016bin School Corporation. The privatized successor to the original Gakush\u016bin University (or \"Peers School\") was established during the Meiji period to educate the children of the Japanese nobility. It is still one of the most prestigious universities in Japan, counting most of the members of the present Imperial Family among its former or present students. The average number of students is capped so that each student can receive personal attention from the staff.", "Q281951": "Charlene \"Michael\" Hyatt is a British-born American actress. Before her work in film and television, she performed on stages throughout the country, particularly in Ragtime on Broadway. She has played Brianna Barksdale on The Wire, Dr. Noelle Akopian on Crazy Ex-Girlfriend and Detective Sheila Muncie on Ray Donovan.", "Q156069": "Resident Evil: Extinction is a 2007 action horror film directed by Russell Mulcahy and written by Paul W. S. Anderson. A direct sequel to Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004), it is the third installment in the Resident Evil film series, which is loosely based on the Capcom survival horror video game series of the same name. The film follows the heroine Alice, along with a group of survivors from Raccoon City, as they attempt to travel across the Mojave desert wilderness to Alaska and escape a zombie apocalypse.In November 2005, Screen Gems gained the rights for the third installment in the franchise, which was then subtitled Extinction. Anderson returned as a writer, and filming took place in Mexico with Mulcahy as the director.\nResident Evil: Extinction was released in the United States on September 21, 2007 and was released in the United Kingdom on October 12, 2007, by Sony Pictures Releasing. The DVD and Blu-ray versions were released in North America on January 1, 2008. The film grossed $149 million against a $45 million budget. A fourth film, Resident Evil: Afterlife, was released in 2010.", "Q598929": "Post-punk (originally called new musick) is a broad genre of rock music which emerged in the late 1970s as artists departed from the raw simplicity and traditionalism of punk rock, instead adopting a variety of avant-garde sensibilities and non-rock influences. Inspired by punk's energy and DIY ethic but determined to break from rock cliches, artists experimented with styles like electronic music, dub, funk, and dance music; novel recording and production techniques; and ideas from art and politics, including critical theory, modernist art, cinema and literature. These communities produced independent record labels, visual art, multimedia performances and fanzines.\nThe early post-punk vanguard was represented by groups including Siouxsie and the Banshees, Wire, Public Image Ltd, the Pop Group, Cabaret Voltaire, Magazine, Pere Ubu, Joy Division, Talking Heads, Devo, Gang of Four, the Slits, the Cure, and the Fall. The movement was closely related to the development of ancillary genres such as gothic rock, neo-psychedelia, no wave, and industrial music. By the mid-1980s, post-punk had dissipated while providing the impetus for the New Pop movement as well much subsequent alternative and independent music.", "Q74226": "Irmgard Schwaetzer (born 5 April 1942) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) and a Protestant church official. Since 2013, she has been chairing the Synod of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD).", "Q983994": "Savva Ivanovich Mamontov (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0432\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u0301\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, IPA: [\u02c8sav\u0259 \u026a\u02c8van\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8mam\u0259nt\u0259f]; 3 October 1841 (15 October N.S.), Yalutorovsk \u2013 6 April 1918, Moscow) was a Russian industrialist, merchant, entrepreneur and patron of the arts.", "Q216393": "Haaretz (Hebrew: \u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05e8\u05b6\u05e5\u200e) (lit. \"The Land [of Israel]\", originally \u1e24adashot Ha'aretz \u2013 Hebrew: \u05d7\u05b7\u05d3\u05b0\u05e9\u05c1\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea \u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b8\u05e8\u05b6\u05e5\u200e, IPA: [\u03c7ada\u02c8\u0283ot ha\u02c8\u0294a\u0281ets] \u2013 \"News of the Land [of Israel]\" in English The Palestine News) is an Israeli newspaper. It was founded in 1918, making it the longest running newspaper currently in print in Israel, and is now published in both Hebrew and English in the Berliner format. The English edition is published and sold together with the International New York Times. Both Hebrew and English editions can be read on the Internet. In North America, it is published as a weekly newspaper, combining articles from the Friday edition with a roundup from the rest of the week.\nIt is known for its left-wing and liberal stances on domestic and foreign issues. As of 2016, the newspaper had a weekday exposure rate of 3.9% in Israel. According to the Center for Research Libraries, among Israel's daily newspapers, \"Haaretz is considered the most influential and respected for both its news coverage and its commentary.\"", "Q26206": "Klaus Ernst (born 1 November 1954 in Munich) is a left-wing German politician and was a leading member of the Labour and Social Justice Party and now The Left. The certified political economist has served as a member of The Left in the Bundestag since 2005, and as of 2010 has been co-chairing the party together with Gesine L\u00f6tzsch.\nAt the age of 15 he left his home and school because of his violent father. In 1970 he found work as an electronics technician and was elected youth representative and member of the works council. In 1972 he became a member of the German Metalworkers' Union and in 1974 he took the chair of regional trade unions youth organization in Munich (until 1979) and became a partymember of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. From 1979 to 1984 he studied political economy at the University of Hamburg.\nAfter his studies he became a trade union secretary in Stuttgart, responsible for organization, educational work and social plans. In 1995 Ernst was elected plenipotentiary of the IG Metall in Schweinfurt.\nHe took objection to the Agenda 2010, which he considered anti-social. Instead he pleaded for the establishment of a political alliance, an electoral alternative with regard to the German federal election in 2005. In the summer of 2004 the party executive decided his expulsion from the Social Democratic Party (SPD).\nErnst became chairman of the association \"Wahlalternative Arbeit und soziale Gerechtigkeit e. V.\" which had been founded on 3 July 2004. Later he became leader of the new founded Electoral Alternative for Labor and Social Justice, which emerged from the association.", "Q104049": "Sir Sidney Poitier (; born February 20, 1927) is a Bahamian-American actor and film director. He won an Academy Award for Best Actor, the first black actor to win that award, and was nominated a second time. \nIn addition, he was nominated six times for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor and the British Academy of Film and Television Arts Award (BAFTA) for Best Foreign Actor, winning each once. From 1997 to 2007, he served as the Bahamian Ambassador to Japan.His family lived in the Bahamas, but Poitier was born unexpectedly in Miami while they were visiting for the weekend, thereby automatically acquiring American citizenship. He grew up in the Bahamas, but moved to New York when he was 16. He joined the North American Negro Theatre, landing his breakthrough film role as an incorrigible high school student in the 1955 film Blackboard Jungle. \nIn 1958, Poitier starred with Tony Curtis in the critically acclaimed The Defiant Ones as chained-together convicts who escape and must cooperate. Each received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor, with Poitier's being the first for a black actor, as well as nominations for the BAFTAs, which Poitier won. In 1964, he won the Academy Award for Best Actor and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor for his role in Lilies of the Field (1963) in which he played a handyman who stays with and helps a group of German-speaking nuns build a chapel. Poitier also received critical acclaim for A Raisin in the Sun (1961) and A Patch of Blue (1965).\nHe continued to break ground in three successful 1967 films, each dealing with issues of race and race relations: To Sir, with Love; Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, and In the Heat of the Night, making him the top box-office star of that year. He received nominations for the Golden Globes and BAFTAs for the latter film, but not for the Oscars, likely due to vote splitting between his roles. After twice reprising his Virgil Tibbs character from In the Heat of the Night and acting in a variety of other films, including the thriller The Wilby Conspiracy (1975), with Michael Caine, Poitier turned to acting/directing with the action-comedies Uptown Saturday Night (1974), Let's Do It Again (1975), and A Piece of the Action (1978), all co-starring Bill Cosby. During a decade away from acting, he directed the successful Stir Crazy (1980) starring Richard Pryor and Gene Wilder, among other films. He returned to acting in the late 1980s and early 1990s in a few thrillers and television roles.\nPoitier was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1974. (The award was honorary as he was not a Bahamian citizen at that time. This means he can use the postnominal KBE but he is not known as \"Sir Sidney Poitier\".) In 2009 Poitier was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian honor.In 2016, he was awarded the BAFTA Fellowship for outstanding lifetime achievement in film. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Poitier 22nd on their list of Greatest Male Stars of classic Hollywood cinema. He is currently the only living actor on the list. In 2002, Poitier was chosen to receive an Academy Honorary Award, in recognition of his \"remarkable accomplishments as an artist and as a human being.\"", "Q270016": "Lilyana Ivanova Petrova (Bulgarian: \u041b\u0438\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, born April 24, 1939 in Kubrat), known professionally as Lili Ivanova (Bulgarian: \u041b\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430) is a Bulgarian singer. In tribute to her contribution to the culture of the country, she is often referred to as the \"Prima of Bulgarian popular music\" \nSince 1961 she has developed continuous performing and concert activities, recorded songs and albums, made media appearances, participated in television programs, and made videos.", "Q49819": "Charles Simonyi (; Hungarian: Simonyi K\u00e1roly, pronounced [\u02c8\u0283imo\u0272i \u02c8ka\u02d0roj]; born September 10, 1948) is a Hungarian-born American software architect. He started and led Microsoft's applications group, where he built the first versions of Microsoft Office suite of applications. He founded and led Intentional Software (acquired by Microsoft in 2017), with the aim of developing and marketing his concept of intentional programming. In April 2007, aboard Soyuz TMA-10, he became the fifth space tourist and the second Hungarian in space. In March 2009, aboard Soyuz TMA-14, he made a second trip to the International Space Station. His estimated net worth is US$3.3 billion.", "Q113535": "Waltraud Klasnic (n\u00e9e Tschiltsch, born 27 October 1945) is an Austrian politician who was Landeshauptfrau (governor) of Styria from 1996 until 2005.", "Q1586906": "Harry van der Kamp (born 1947 in ) is a Dutch bass singer in opera and concert. Mostly active in Historically informed performance, he founded the Gesualdo Ensemble. He is also an academic voice teacher.", "Q335238": "Rahul Bose (born 27 July 1967) is an Indian film actor, director, screenwriter, social activist, and rugby player. Bose has appeared in Bengali films such as Mr. and Mrs. Iyer, Kalpurush, Anuranan, Antaheen, Laptop and The Japanese Wife. He has also appeared in Hindi films such as Pyaar Ke Side Effects, Maan Gaye Mughal-e-Azam, Jhankaar Beats, Kucch Luv Jaisaa, Chameli and Shaurya. He also played the antagonist in the Tamil thriller Vishwaroopam (2013) and its sequel. Time magazine named him \"the superstar of Indian arthouse cinema\" while Maxim named him \"the Sean Penn of Oriental cinema\". for his work in parallel cinema films like English, August and Mr. and Mrs. Iyer. He is also notable for his social activism: he participated in the relief efforts that followed the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami and is also the founder of the anti-discrimination NGO, The Foundation.", "Q964869": "Xavier Grall (1930\u20131981) was a journalist and poet from Brittany, France who was a strong advocate of Breton nationalism during the Third Emsav. His work glorifies a mystical Brittany.", "Q2482942": "Cimeti\u00e8re parisien de Bagneux is one of the three Parisien cemeteries extra muros, located in Bagneux. The cemetery has a large Jewish section (many of the divisions have exclusively Jewish graves) and is sometimes known as the Jewish cemetery.", "Q334126": "Luis Sep\u00falveda Calfucura (October 4, 1949 \u2013 April 16, 2020) was a Chilean writer and journalist. A communist militant and fervent opponent of Augusto Pinochet's regime, he was imprisoned and tortured by the military dictatorship during the 1970s. Sep\u00falveda was author of poetry books and short stories; in addition to Spanish, his mother tongue, he spoke also English, French and Italian. In the late 1980s, he conquered the literary scene with his first novel, The Old Man Who Read Love Novels.", "Q435711": "Yeol Eum Son (born May 2, 1986, in Wonju, South Korea) is a South Korean classical pianist. She first drew international attention when she appeared as a soloist with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra under the baton of Lorin Maazel in 2004. Her awards include the Silver Medal at the International Tchaikovsky Competition 2011, in which she also received the Best Chamber Concerto Performances and the Best Performance of the Commissioned Work.", "Q8189311": "Setsunan University (\u6442\u5357\u5927\u5b66, Setsunan daigaku) is a private university in Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1922, and it was chartered as a university in 1975.", "Q66622": "Eugen Schiffer (14 February 1860 \u2013 5 September 1954) was a German lawyer and liberal politician. He served as Minister of Finance and deputy head of government from February to April 1919. From October 1919 to March 1920, he was again deputy head of government and Minister of Justice. In 1921, he once more became Minister of Justice. Schiffer was co-founder of two liberal parties, the German Democratic Party (DDP) in 1918/19 and the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (LDPD) in 1946.", "Q1743348": "The Kirchlispitzen (2,552 m) is a mountain in the R\u00e4tikon range of the Alps, located on the border between Austria and Switzerland. It overlooks the L\u00fcnersee on its northern side.", "Q795279": "B2K (Boys of the New Millennium) is an American boy band that was active from 2000 to 2004, and again from 2018 onwards. In 1998, the group was formed by American record producer Chris Stokes. They released their self-titled debut album on March 12, 2002. The album peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 and number one on the U.S. Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.", "Q464238": "Roy J. Bittan (born July 2, 1949) is an American keyboardist and pianist, best known as a long-time member of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band. Bittan, nicknamed The Professor, joined the E Street Band on August 23, 1974, and plays the piano, organ, accordion and synthesizers. Bittan was inducted as a member of the E Street Band into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014.\nAside from his membership in Springsteen's band, Bittan has played on albums as a session musician, primarily for singer-songwriters and rock and pop artists, including Jon Bon Jovi, David Bowie, Jackson Browne, Tracy Chapman, Chicago, Catie Curtis, Dire Straits, Bob Dylan, Peter Gabriel, Ian Hunter, Meat Loaf, Stevie Nicks, Bob Seger, Celine Dion, Nelly Furtado, Patty Smyth, Jim Steinman and Bonnie Tyler.", "Q102438": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (released in the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone) is a 2001 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 1997 novel of the same name. The film is the first instalment of the Harry Potter film series and was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman. Its story follows Harry Potter's first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as he discovers that he is a famous wizard and begins his education. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger.\nWarner Bros. bought the film rights to the book in 1999 for a reported \u00a31 million ($1.65 million in 1999). Production began in the United Kingdom in 2000, with Chris Columbus being chosen to create the film from a shortlist of directors that included Steven Spielberg and Rob Reiner. Rowling insisted that the entire cast be British and Irish, and the film was shot at Leavesden Film Studios and historic buildings around the United Kingdom.\nThe film was released to cinemas in the United Kingdom and United States on 16 November 2001. It became a critical and commercial success, grossing $975.8 million at the box office worldwide. The highest-grossing film of 2001, it is the 47th highest-grossing of all-time (2nd at the time of its release; behind Titanic) and the second most successful instalment of the Harry Potter series behind Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2. The film was nominated for many awards, including Academy Awards for Best Original Score, Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design. It was followed by seven sequels, beginning with Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets in 2002 and ending with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2 in 2011, nearly ten years after the first film's release.", "Q3429750": "Johannes Thomassen Heftye (17 October 1792 \u2013 2 November 1856) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician.\nHe was the son of merchant Thomas Johannessen Heftye (1767\u20131827), an immigrant from Switzerland who founded the family company Thos. Joh. Heftye & S\u00f8n. He was the father of banker Thomas Johannessen Heftye and grandfather of Thomas Heftye. He was also an older brother of Henrik Heftye and a brother-in-law of ship-owner Mogens Thorsen.He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1827, representing the constituency of Christiania. He worked as a merchant and consul there. He only served one term.", "Q4821050": "Auguste Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Doriot (24 October 1863 \u2013 1955) was a French motoring pioneer who developed, built and raced cars for Peugeot before founding his own manufacturing company D.F.P. in combination with Ludovic Flandrin and the Parant brothers. In 1891, Doriot and his Peugeot colleague Louis Rigoulot completed the longest trip by a petrol powered vehicle when their self-designed and built Daimler powered Peugeot Type 3 completed 2,100 kilometres (1375 miles) from Valentigney to Paris and Brest and back again. They were attached to the first Paris-Brest-Paris bicycle race, but the duo reached Brest one day after the winning cyclist, Charles Terront, finished in Paris, and they then finished six days after him.\nDoriot's son, Georges Doriot, emigrated to the United States and became a professor at the Harvard Business School, where he later became known as the father of Venture Capitalism. He also served as a brigadier general during World War II.\n\n", "Q312693": "Robert Wyatt (born Robert Wyatt-Ellidge, 28 January 1945) is an English musician. A founding member of the influential Canterbury scene bands Soft Machine and Matching Mole, he was initially a kit drummer and singer before becoming paraplegic following an accidental fall from a window in 1973, which led him to abandon band work, explore other instruments, and begin a forty-year solo career.A key player during the formative years of British jazz fusion, psychedelia and progressive rock, Wyatt's own work became increasingly interpretative, collaborative and politicised from the mid 1970s onwards. His solo music has covered a particularly individual musical terrain ranging from covers of pop singles to shifting, amorphous song collections drawing on elements of jazz, folk and nursery rhyme.\nWyatt retired from his music career in 2014, stating \"there is a pride in [stopping], I don\u2019t want [the music] to go off.\" He is married to English painter and songwriter Alfreda Benge.\n\n", "Q78408": "Fritz Kuhn (born 29 June 1955) is a German politician. He was co-chairman of Alliance '90/The Greens, the German Green party, from June 2000 to December 2002. On 21 October 2012 he was elected Mayor of Stuttgart.\n\n", "Q122924": "Blue System was a German pop group that was founded by Dieter Bohlen in 1986 after the break-up of Modern Talking.", "Q830586": "The New York Dolls were an American hard rock band formed in New York City in 1971. Along with the Velvet Underground and the Stooges, they were one of the first bands of the early punk rock scenes. Although their original line-up fell apart quickly, the band's first two albums\u2014New York Dolls (1973) and Too Much Too Soon (1974)\u2014became among the most popular cult records in rock. The line-up at this time comprised vocalist David Johansen, guitarist Johnny Thunders, bassist Arthur Kane, guitarist and pianist Sylvain Sylvain and drummer Jerry Nolan; the latter two had replaced Rick Rivets and Billy Murcia, respectively, in 1972. On stage, they donned an androgynous wardrobe, wearing high heels, eccentric hats, satin, makeup, spandex, and dresses. Nolan described the group in 1974 as \"the Dead End Kids of today\".According to the Encyclopedia of Popular Music (1995), the New York Dolls predated the punk and glam metal movements and were \"one of the most influential rock bands of the last 20 years\". They influenced rock groups such as the Sex Pistols, Kiss, the Ramones, Guns N' Roses, the Damned and the Smiths, whose frontman Morrissey organized a reunion show for the New York Dolls' surviving members in 2004. After reuniting, they recorded and released three more albums\u2014One Day It Will Please Us to Remember Even This (2006), Cause I Sez So (2009) and Dancing Backward in High Heels (2011). Following a 2011 British tour with Alice Cooper, the band once again disbanded.", "Q60247": "Johann Bernhard Basedow (September 11, 1724, \u2013 July 25, 1790) was a German educational reformer, teacher and writer. He founded the Philanthropinum, a short-lived but influential progressive school in Dessau, and was the author of \"Elementarwerk\", a popular illustrated textbook for children.", "Q40197": "Lillian Evelyn Moller Gilbreth (May 24, 1878 \u2013 January 2, 1972) was an American psychologist, industrial engineer, consultant, and educator who was an early pioneer in applying psychology to time-and-motion studies. She was described in the 1940s as \"a genius in the art of living.\" Gilbreth, one of the first female engineers to earn a Ph.D., is considered to be the first industrial/organizational psychologist. She and her husband, Frank Bunker Gilbreth, were efficiency experts who contributed to the study of industrial engineering, especially in the areas of motion study and human factors. Cheaper by the Dozen (1948) and Belles on Their Toes (1950), written by two of their children (Ernestine and Frank Jr.) tell the story of their family life and describe how time-and-motion studies were applied to the organization and daily activities of their large family. Both books were later made into feature films.", "Q181043": "A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine, policy, or institution. In a religious context, the word has been used since 18th century, and in the political sense since 1940, coinciding with the rise of totalitarian systems, especially the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and Saudi Arabia.", "Q270002": "Cecilia Bolocco (born Cecilia Carolina Bolocco Fonck on May 19, 1965) is a Chilean actress, TV Host and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Universo Chile 1987 and Miss Universe 1987.\nShe has worked as a journalist on the Spanish language edition of CNN, on Telemundo and on various programs for Chilean Television and she acted on the soap opera Morelia.\nBetween 2001 and 2011 she was married to former Argentine president Carlos Menem.", "Q716602": "Gordon Mitchell (born Charles Allen Pendleton; July 29, 1923 \u2013 September 20, 2003) was an American actor and bodybuilder who made about 200 B movies.", "Q67528": "Sch\u00f6nenberg is a former municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of H\u00fctten and Sch\u00f6nenberg merged into the municipality of W\u00e4denswil.", "Q260211": "Camara DaCosta Johnson (born November 15, 1982), better known as Yaya DaCosta, is an American actress and model. She was the runner-up in Cycle 3 of America's Next Top Model. DaCosta eventually went to star in TV series including ABC's daytime drama All My Children (2008), Ugly Betty (2009), and since 2015 stars in the NBC medical drama Chicago Med. DaCosta starred in the Lifetime television film Whitney (2015) as singer Whitney Houston and received praise for her performance.", "Q322750": "Aron Eisenberg (January 6, 1969 \u2013 September 21, 2019) was an American actor who played Nog on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.", "Q1646556": "Pavel Gintov (Ukrainian: \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e \u0413i\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0413\u0438\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432) (born January 14, 1984 in Kiev, Soviet Union) is a classical pianist. Gintov currently studies with acclaimed Professor Nina Svetlanova at the Manhattan School of Music in New York City, where he is now completing his Doctoral studies.", "Q1692061": "Johan Petter Johansson (December 12, 1853 \u2013 August 25, 1943), sometimes known as JP, was a Swedish inventor and industrialist. He invented a modern adjustable spanner (patents in 1891 and 11 May 1892). He obtained over 100 patents in total.\nHe was born in V\u00e5rg\u00e5rda in western Sweden, the oldest of six children in a crofter's family. His first employment was as an assistant operator of a steam engine at a local peat factory. He left V\u00e5rg\u00e5rda at age 19, in 1873, for Motala to work as a navvy. Following military service in 1874, he moved to Eskilstuna where he worked for the Bolinder-Munktell factory, and in 1878 he moved to V\u00e4ster\u00e5s where he found employment at a mechanical workshop. Following that, he worked as a blacksmith at a nearby farm.\nAt this time, he had made a decision to leave Sweden for the United States. This never happened; he was instead offered a more esteemed job by his former employer Munktells, and the offer changed his mind.\nHe eventually decided to start his own business and, in 1886, moved to Enk\u00f6ping where he started Enk\u00f6pings Mekaniska Verkstad (the Mechanical Workshop of Enk\u00f6ping) which quickly became a successful venture. It was during the years in his workshop that he invented the adjustable spanner and the plumber wrench. In 1890, B.A. Hjorth & Company agreed to distribute his tools worldwide under the \"Bahco\" trademark. The Bahco tools became greatly successful, and the company is still in operation and has manufactured over 100 million wrenches to date.\nJohansson transferred the then-large enterprise to his son, Hannes Brynge, and the B.A. Hjorth & Company in 1916. He started experimenting with electrical armature and in 1919 opened a new factory, Triplex, which manufactured electrical pendulums and various devices.\n\nHe died 89 years old after having been productive for the most of his life.\n\n", "Q2421031": "Neo-noir is a revival of the genre of film noir. The term film noir was popularized in 1955 by French critics Raymond Borde and \u00c9tienne Chaumeton. It was applied to crime films of the 1940s and 1950s, mostly produced in the United States, which adopted a 1920s/1930s Art Deco visual environment. The English translation is dark movie, indicating something sinister and shadowy, but also expressing a cinematographic style. The film noir genre includes stylish Hollywood crime dramas, often with a twisted dark wit. Neo-noir has a similar style but with updated themes, content, style, visual elements and media.\nNeo-noir film directors refer to 'classic noir' in the use of tilted camera angles, interplay of light and shadows, unbalanced framing; blurring of the lines between good and bad and right and wrong, and thematic motifs including revenge, paranoia, and alienation.", "Q58900": "Doncaster (, ) is a minster town in South Yorkshire, England. Together with its surrounding suburbs and settlements, the town forms part of the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster, which had a mid-2018 est. population of 310,542. The town itself has a population of 109,805 The Doncaster Urban Area had a population of 158,141 in 2011 and includes Doncaster and neighbouring small villages. Part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974, Doncaster is about 17 miles (30 km) north-east of Sheffield, with which it is served by an international airport, Doncaster Sheffield Airport in Finningley. Under the Local Government Act 1972, Doncaster was incorporated into a newly created metropolitan borough in 1974, itself incorporated with other nearby boroughs in the 1974 creation of the metropolitan county of South Yorkshire.\n\n", "Q831698": "A drum machine is an electronic musical instrument that creates percussion sounds, drum beats, and patterns. Drum machines may imitate drum kits or other percussion instruments, or produce unique sounds, such as synthesized electronic tones. Most modern drum machines allow users to program their own rhythms and beats. Drum machines may create sounds using analog synthesis or play prerecorded samples. Some drum machines have buttons or pads that allow the performer to play drum sounds \"live\", either on top of a programmed drum beat or as a standalone performance. Drum machines have a range of capabilities, which go from playing a short beat pattern in a loop, to being able to program or record complex song arrangements with changes of meter and style.\nDrum machines have had a lasting impact on popular music in the 20th century. The Roland TR-808, introduced in 1980, significantly influenced the development of dance music, especially electronic dance music, and hip hop. Its successor, the TR-909, introduced in 1983, heavily influenced techno and house music. The first drum machine to use samples of real drum kits, the Linn LM-1, was introduced in 1980 and adopted by rock and pop artists including Prince and Michael Jackson. In the late 1990s, software emulations began to overtake the popularity of physical drum machines housed in separate plastic or metal chassis.\n\n", "Q726919": "Walter Connolly (April 8, 1887 \u2013 May 28, 1940) was an American character actor who appeared in almost 50 films between 1914 and 1939. His best known film is It Happened One Night (1934).", "Q3132187": "Henri Ziegler CVO, CBE (18 November 1906 in Limoges \u2013 24 July 1998, in Paris) was one of the founders of Airbus and its first president.", "Q234640": "Clara Gordon Bow (; July 29, 1905 \u2013 September 27, 1965) was an American actress who rose to stardom in silent film during the 1920s and successfully made the transition to \"talkies\" in 1929. Her appearance as a plucky shopgirl in the film It brought her global fame and the nickname \"The It Girl\". Bow came to personify the Roaring Twenties and is described as its leading sex symbol.Bow appeared in 46 silent films and 11 talkies, including hits such as Mantrap (1926), It (1927), and Wings (1927). She was named first box-office draw in 1928 and 1929 and second box-office draw in 1927 and 1930. Her presence in a motion picture was said to have ensured investors, by odds of almost two-to-one, a \"safe return\". At the apex of her stardom, she received more than 45,000 fan letters in a single month (January 1929).Two years after marrying actor Rex Bell in 1931, Bow retired from acting and became a rancher in Nevada. Her final film, Hoop-La, was released in 1933. In September 1965, Bow died of a heart attack at the age of 60.", "Q42780": "Ningbo (Chinese: \u5b81\u6ce2; Ningbonese pronunciation: [\u0272\u00ec\u0272.p\u00f3\u0294], Standard Mandarin pronunciation: [n\u01d0\u014b pw\u00f3] (listen)), formerly romanized as Ningpo, is a sub-provincial city in northeast Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. It comprises the urban districts of Ningbo proper, three satellite cities, and a number of rural counties including islands in Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea. Its port, the port of Ningbo\u2013Zhoushan, spread across several locations, is among the busiest in the world and the municipality possesses a separate state-planning status. As of the 2010 census, the entire administrated area had a population of 7.6 million, with 3.5 million in the six urban districts of Ningbo proper. To the north, Hangzhou Bay separates Ningbo from Shanghai; to the east lies Zhoushan in the East China Sea; on the west and south, Ningbo borders Shaoxing and Taizhou respectively.", "Q15800": "Fran Levstik (28 September 1831 \u2013 16 November 1887) was a Slovene writer, political activist, playwright and critic. He was one of the most prominent exponents of the Young Slovene political movement.", "Q109579": "Gustav Woldemar Freiherr von Biedermann (5 March 1817, Marienberg \u2013 6 February 1903, Dresden) was a jurist, literary historian, and Goethe researcher.", "Q158050": "Svetozar Gligori\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0440 \u0413\u043b\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u045b, 2 February 1923 \u2013 14 August 2012) was a Serbian and Yugoslav chess grandmaster. He won the championship of Yugoslavia a record twelve times, and is considered the best player ever from Serbia. In 1958, he was declared the best athlete of Yugoslavia.\nIn the 1950s and 1960s, Gligori\u0107 was one of the top players in the world. He was also among the world's most popular players, owing to his globe-trotting tournament schedule and a particularly engaging personality, reflected in the title of his autobiography, I Play Against Pieces (i.e., without hostility toward the opponent, and not differently against different players for \"psychological\" reasons; playing \"the board and not the man\").", "Q1142219": "Jorge Ch\u00e1vez International Airport (IATA: LIM, ICAO: SPJC, formerly SPIM), (Aeropuerto Internacional Jorge Ch\u00e1vez), is Peru's main international and domestic airport. It is located in Callao, 11 kilometers (7 mi) from Lima, the nation's capital city and 17 km (11 mi) from Miraflores. During 2017, the airport served 22,025,704 passengers. Historically, the airport was the hub for Compa\u00f1\u00eda de Aviaci\u00f3n Faucett and Aeroper\u00fa. Now it serves as a hub for many aviation companies. The airport was named after Peruvian aviator Jorge Ch\u00e1vez (1887 - 1910).", "Q168193": "Najaf (Arabic: \u0671\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u062c\u064e\u0641\u200e) or Al-Najaf al-Ashraf (Arabic: \u0671\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u062c\u064e\u0641 \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0641\u200e), also known as Baniqia (Arabic: \u0628\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u200e) is a city in central-south Iraq about 160 km (100 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2013 was 1,000,000 people. It is the capital of Najaf Governorate. It is widely considered the third holiest city of Shia Islam (after Mecca and Medina), the Shi'ite world's spiritual capital, and the center of Shi'ite political power in Iraq.", "Q459813": "Bracket is an American rock band from Forestville, California formed in 1992. The lineup consists of lead vocalist and guitarist Marty Gregori, bassist and backing vocalist Zack Charlos, drummer Ray Castro, and guitarist and backing vocalist Angelo Celli, who replaced Larry Tinney in 1998. Bracket has issued numerous albums, EPs and singles since its inception, including many releases for Caroline Records and Fat Wreck Chords. Their sound could most easily be described as power pop influenced punk rock with a continued focus on vocal harmonies.Bracket emerged during the pop punk resurgence of the early 1990s and released its first two albums 924 Forestville St. (1994) and 4-Wheel Vibe (1995) on Caroline Records. Following a staff shake-up, the label dropped the group and cancelled the release of its third album Like You Know in 1996. Bracket's next two albums Novelty Forever (1997) and When All Else Fails (2000) were put out by Fat Wreck Chords, who had previously issued 7-inch vinyl for the band. Having completed multiple tours of the United States and trips to Canada, Europe and Japan throughout their career, Bracket released Live in a Dive (2002) which gathered some of the band's best-known material into one performance. After building their own studio, the group took several years to write, record and self-produce its sixth album Requiem (2006), released by Takeover Records. Bracket began work on a new album in 2011, detailing each stage of the recording process on its official Facebook page. Like You Know and the three volume rarities collection Rare Cuts were issued as digital downloads in 2013 to help fund the band's upcoming projects. Bracket's seventh studio album, Hold Your Applause was released in August 2014.August 2016 saw the release of Bracket's eighth full-length album, The Last Page. The 70 minute album consisted of one \u201csong\u201d, the 28th installment of their \u201cWarren\u2019s Song\u201d series. The band recorded nearly 100 short fragments of songs, with the intention of piecing them together to create the 70 minute \u201cWarren\u2019s Song Pt. 28\u201d. Bracket completed work on their ninth studio album in late 2018, with a release planned for early 2019.", "Q3380941": "Wen Yunsong, also known as Winston Wen (simplified Chinese: \u6e29\u4e91\u677e; traditional Chinese: \u6eab\u96f2\u677e; pinyin: W\u0113n Y\u00fans\u014dng) is a Chinese businessman and current CEO of Unihub Global Networks, a Chinese networking company. He is the son of former Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and thus a princeling. Mr. Wen was a principal of New Horizon Capital, a private equity fund. He received his MBA from the Kellogg School of Management.", "Q215856": "Erwin Wickert (7 January 1915 \u2013 26 March 2008) was a German diplomat who, during the 1970s, served as the ambassador to Romania and China.", "Q234898": "Abhay Charanaravinda Bhaktivedanta Swami (Abhaya Cara\u1e47\u0101ravinda Bhaktived\u0101nta Sv\u0101m\u012b; 1 September 1896 \u2013 14 November 1977), born Abhay Charan De, was an Indian spiritual teacher and the founder-preceptor of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), commonly known as the \"Hare Krishna Movement\". Members of the ISKCON movement view Bhaktived\u0101nta Sw\u0101mi as a representative and messenger of Krishna Chaitanya. Within the society he is commonly referred to as Shrila Prabhup\u0101da or Prabhup\u0101da.\nBorn in Kolkata (then called Calcutta), he was educated at the Scottish Church College there. Before adopting the life of a novice renunciate (vanaprastha) in 1950, he was married with children and owned a small pharmaceutical business. In 1959 he took a vow of renunciation (sannyasa) and started writing commentaries on Vaishnava scriptures. In his later years, as a travelling Vaishnava monk, he became an influential communicator of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology to India and specifically to the West through his leadership of ISKCON, founded in 1966. As the founder of ISKCON, he \"emerged as a major figure of the Western counterculture, initiating thousands of young Americans.\" He received criticism from anti-cult groups, as well as a favourable welcome from religious scholars such as J. Stillson Judah, Harvey Cox, Larry Shinn and Thomas Hopkins, who praised Bhaktived\u0101nta Sw\u0101mi's translations and defended the group against distorted media images and misinterpretations. In respect to his achievements, religious leaders from other Gaudiya Vaishnava movements have also given him credit.He has been described as a charismatic leader, in the sense used by sociologist Max Weber, as he was successful in acquiring followers in many countries including the United States, Europe and India. His mission was to propagate throughout the world Gaudiya Vaishnavism, a school of Vaishnavite Hinduism that had been taught to him by his guru, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati. After his death in 1977, ISKCON, the society he founded based on a form of Hindu Krishnaism using the Bhagavata Purana as a central scripture, continued to grow. In February 2014, ISKCON's news agency reported reaching a milestone of distributing over half a billion of his books since 1965. His translation of and commentary on the Bhagavad G\u012bt\u0101, titled Bhagavad-g\u012bt\u0101 As It Is, is considered by ISKCON adherents and many Vedic scholars as one of the finest translations into the English Language of Vaishnavism literary works.", "Q232231": "40 qm Deutschland (English: 40 Square Meters of Germany) is a 1986 German film directed by Tevfik Ba\u015fer, who helped both with the script and the production. The film won several awards making it one of the most significant German movies of 1986.", "Q7489": "Emperor Gaozong of Song (12 June 1107 \u2013 9 November 1187), personal name Zhao Gou, courtesy name Deji, was the tenth emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the first emperor of the Southern Song dynasty.\nHe was the ninth son of Emperor Huizong and a younger half-brother of Emperor Qinzong. In 1127, during the wars between the Song dynasty and Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, the Song capital Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng) fell to Jin forces in an event historically known as the Jingkang Incident. Emperors Huizong and Qinzong were taken prisoner by the Jurchens, while Zhao Gou managed to escape to southern China. He reestablished the Song dynasty (as the Southern Song dynasty) in Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou) and was proclaimed emperor. He reigned from 1127 until 1162, when he abdicated the throne in favour of his adopted son Zhao Shen (Emperor Xiaozong), and became a Taishang Huang (\"Retired Emperor\") until his death in 1187. He was a capable ruler who brought stability to the Song but was criticized by his reputation of sentencing his court members with trumped-up charges including Yue Fei, whom he executed.\nHe was the last descendant of Emperor Taizong to become emperor; subsequent Song emperors were descendants of Emperor Taizu.", "Q1093124": "Cirroc Lofton (born August 7, 1978) is an American actor who started his career at nine years of age with many minor roles. He got his start in the 1989 child education program Econ and Me, which teaches kids economics. He is best known for playing Jake Sisko on the 1993 to 1999 TV series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, which was his first major role on a TV series.\nHe is the nephew of the former Major League Baseball center fielder Kenny Lofton.", "Q108101": "San Mateo County ( SAN m\u0259-TAY-oh), officially the County of San Mateo, is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 718,451. The county seat is Redwood City.San Mateo County is included in the San Francisco\u2013Oakland\u2013Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is part of the San Francisco Bay Area, the nine counties bordering San Francisco Bay. It covers most of the San Francisco Peninsula. San Francisco International Airport is located at the northern end of the county, and Silicon Valley begins at the southern end. The county's built-up areas are mostly suburban with some areas being very urban, and are home to several corporate campuses.", "Q74554": "Cadwallader David Colden (April 4, 1769 \u2013 February 7, 1834) was an American politician who served as the 54th Mayor of New York City and a U.S. Representative from New York.", "Q329163": "Scott Hastings Beckett (October 4, 1929 \u2013 May 10, 1968) was an American actor. He began his career as a child actor in the Our Gang shorts and later costarred on Rocky Jones, Space Ranger.", "Q184885": "Kareena Kapoor Khan (pronounced [k\u0259\u02c8ri\u02d0na\u02d0 k\u0259\u02c8pu\u02d0r]; born 21 September 1980) is an Indian actress who appears in Hindi films. She is the daughter of actors Randhir Kapoor and Babita, and the younger sister of actress Karisma Kapoor. Noted for playing a variety of characters in a range of film genres\u2014from romantic comedies to crime dramas\u2014Kapoor is the recipient of several awards, including six Filmfare Awards, and is one of Bollywood's most popular and highest-paid actresses.After making her acting debut in the 2000 war film Refugee, Kapoor established herself with roles in the historical drama A\u015boka and the melodrama Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... (both 2001). This initial success was followed by a series of commercial failures and repetitive roles, which garnered her negative reviews. The year 2004 marked a turning point for Kapoor when she played against type in the role of a sex worker in the drama Chameli. She subsequently earned critical recognition for her portrayal of a riot victim in the 2004 drama Dev and a character based on William Shakespeare's heroine Desdemona in the 2006 crime film Omkara. Further praise came for her performances in the romantic comedy Jab We Met (2007), the thrillers Kurbaan (2009) and Talaash: The Answer Lies Within (2012), and the dramas We Are Family (2010), Heroine (2012), and Udta Punjab (2016). Her highest-grossing releases include the dramas 3 Idiots (2009) and Bajrangi Bhaijaan (2015), the action films Bodyguard (2011) and Singham Returns (2014), and the comedy Good Newwz (2019).\nMarried to actor Saif Ali Khan, with whom she has a son, Kapoor's off-screen life is the subject of widespread coverage in India. She has a reputation for being outspoken and assertive, and is recognised for her contributions to the film industry through her fashion style and film roles. In addition to film acting, Kapoor participates in stage shows, hosts a radio show and has contributed as a co-writer to three books: an autobiographical memoir and two nutrition guides. She has started her own line of clothing and cosmetics for women, and has worked with UNICEF since 2014 to advocate for the education of girls and an increase in quality based education in India.", "Q702111": "Charles Jones Soong (Chinese: \u5b8b\u5609\u6a39; pinyin: S\u00f2ng Ji\u0101sh\u00f9; February 1863 \u2013 May 3, 1918), courtesy name Yaoru (\u8000\u5982 Y\u00e0or\u00fa, hence his alternate name: Soong Yao-ju), was a Chinese businessman who first achieved prominence as a Methodist missionary in Shanghai. He was a close friend of Sun Yat-sen and a key player in the events that led to the Xinhai Revolution in 1911. His children became some of the most prominent people in the history of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China.", "Q233891": "Carroll Baker (born May 28, 1931) is a retired American actress of film, stage, and television. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, Baker's range of roles from young ing\u00e9nues to brash and flamboyant women established her as both a pin-up and serious dramatic actress. After studying under Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio, Baker began performing on Broadway in 1954. From there she was recruited by director Elia Kazan to play the lead in the adaptation of two Tennessee Williams plays into the film Baby Doll in 1956. Her role in the film as a coquettish but sexually na\u00efve Southern bride earned her BAFTA and Oscar nominations for Best Actress, as well as a Golden Globe award for Most Promising Newcomer that year.\nHer other early film roles included George Stevens' Giant (1956), playing the love interest of James Dean, and in the romantic comedy But Not for Me (1959). In 1961, Baker appeared in the controversial independent film Something Wild, directed by her then-husband Jack Garfein, playing a traumatized rape victim. She went on to star in several critically acclaimed Westerns in the 1950s and 1960s, such as The Big Country (1958), How the West Was Won (1962), and Cheyenne Autumn (1964).\nIn the mid-1960s, as a contract player for Paramount Pictures, Baker became a sex symbol after appearing as a hedonistic widow in The Carpetbaggers (1964). The film's producer, Joseph E. Levine, cast her in the potboiler Sylvia before giving her the role of Jean Harlow in the biopic Harlow (1965). Despite significant prepublicity, Harlow was a critical failure, and Baker relocated to Italy in 1966 amid a legal dispute over her contract with Paramount and Levine's overseeing of her career. In Europe, she spent the next 10 years starring in hard-edged giallo and horror films, including Romolo Guerrieri's The Sweet Body of Deborah (1969), Umberto Lenzi's Orgasmo (1969) and Knife of Ice (1972), and Corrado Farina's Baba Yaga (1973), before re-emerging for American audiences as a character actress in the Andy Warhol-produced dark comedy Bad (1977).\nBaker appeared in supporting roles in several acclaimed dramas in the 1980s, including the true-crime drama Star 80 (1983) as the mother of murder victim Dorothy Stratten, and the racial drama Native Son (1986), based on the novel by Richard Wright. In 1987, she had a supporting part in Ironweed (1987). Through the 1990s, Baker had guest roles on several television series such as Murder, She Wrote; L.A. Law, and Roswell. She also had supporting parts in several big-budget films, such as Kindergarten Cop (1990), and the David Fincher-directed thriller The Game (1997). She formally retired from acting in 2002. In addition to acting, Baker is also the author of two autobiographies and a novel.", "Q45951": "Michael Gerard Fitzpatrick (June 28, 1963 \u2013 January 6, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district from 2005 to 2007 and 2011 to 2017. He was first elected to Congress in 2004 and represented the district from 2005 to 2007, but he was defeated by Democrat Patrick Murphy in 2006.\nHe declined to run for his old seat in 2008 but ran again in 2010, and won a rematch with Murphy. He was re-elected in 2012 and 2014. A supporter of term limits, he did not seek re-election in 2016 and retired in 2017. He maintained a moderate conservative position, and consistently ranked among the most bipartisan members of Congress.", "Q222744": "C\u00e9sar Abraham Vallejo Mendoza (March 16, 1892 \u2013 April 15, 1938) was a Peruvian poet, writer, playwright, and journalist. Although he published only three books of poetry during his lifetime, he is considered one of the great poetic innovators of the 20th century in any language. He was always a step ahead of literary currents, and each of his books was distinct from the others, and, in its own sense, revolutionary. Thomas Merton called him \"the greatest universal poet since Dante\". The late British poet, critic and biographer Martin Seymour-Smith, a leading authority on world literature, called Vallejo \"the greatest twentieth-century poet in any language.\" He was a member of the intellectual community called North Group formed in the Peruvian north coastal city of Trujillo.\nClayton Eshleman and Jos\u00e9 Rubia Barcia's translation of The Complete Posthumous Poetry of C\u00e9sar Vallejo won the National Book Award for translation in 1979.", "Q64747": "Hermann Esser (29 July 1900 \u2013 7 February 1981) was an early member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). A journalist, Esser was the editor of the Nazi paper, V\u00f6lkischer Beobachter, and a Nazi member of the Reichstag. In the early history of the party, he was a de facto deputy of Adolf Hitler. As one of Hitler's earliest followers and friends, he held influential positions in the party during the Weimar Republic, but increasingly lost influence during the Nazi era.", "Q203952": "Antoine de Rivarol (26 June 1753 \u2013 11 April 1801) was a Royalist French writer and translator who lived during the Revolutionary era. He was briefly married to the translator Louisa Henrietta de Rivarol.", "Q118312": "Gudrun Brendel-Fischer (born 17 June 1959) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. She is a representative of Bayreuth district in the Landtag of Bavaria.", "Q959524": "Bocconi University (Italian: Universit\u00e0 Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, [universi\u02c8ta kommer\u02c8t\u0283a\u02d0le lu\u02c8i\u02d0d\u0292i bok\u02c8ko\u02d0ni]) is a private university in Milan, Italy. Bocconi provides undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate education in the fields of economics, finance, law, management, political science, and public administration. SDA Bocconi, the university's business school, offers MBA and Executive MBA programs. \nBocconi University is consistently ranked as the top university in Italy in its fields, and as one of the best in the world. In 2020, QS World University Rankings ranked the university 7th worldwide and 3rd in Europe in business and management studies, as well as 1st in economics and econometrics outside the U.S. and the U.K. (16th worldwide).", "Q44497": "Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. These deposits form a mineralized package that is of economic interest to the miner.\nOres recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain any material that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water.\nMining of stones and metal has been a human activity since pre-historic times. Modern mining processes involve prospecting for ore bodies, analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine, extraction of the desired materials, and final reclamation of the land after the mine is closed.Mining operations usually create a negative environmental impact, both during the mining activity and after the mine has closed. Hence, most of the world's nations have passed regulations to decrease the impact. Work safety has long been a concern as well, and modern practices have significantly improved safety in mines.\nLevels of metal recycling are generally low. Unless future end-of-life recycling rates are stepped up, some rare metals may become unavailable for use in a variety of consumer products. Due to the low recycling rates, some landfills now contain higher concentrations of metal than mines themselves.", "Q117021": "Oswald Heer (or Oswald von Heer) (31 August 1809 \u2013 27 September 1883), Swiss geologist and naturalist, was born at Niederuzwil in Canton of St. Gallen and died in Lausanne.", "Q45789": "Satyendra Nath Bose, (IPA: [\u0283ot\u02d0endronat\u02b0 bo\u0283u]; 1 January 1894 \u2013 4 February 1974) was an Indian physicist specialising in theoretical physics. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, providing the foundation for Bose\u2013Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose\u2013Einstein condensate. A Fellow of the Royal Society, he was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan in 1954 by the Government of India.The class of particles that obey Bose\u2013Einstein statistics, bosons, was named after Bose by Paul Dirac.A polymath, he had a wide range of interests in varied fields including physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, mineralogy, philosophy, arts, literature, and music. He served on many research and development committees in sovereign India.", "Q330432": "Bradford Harris (July 16, 1933 \u2013 November 7, 2017) was an American actor, stuntman, and executive producer. He appeared in a variety of roles in over 50 films, mostly in European productions. He is a member of the Stuntman's Hall of Fame.", "Q88937": "Thomas Brasch (19 February 1945 \u2013 3 November 2001) was a German author, poet and film director.", "Q1284392": "Matt Wilson (born September 27, 1964) is an American jazz drummer.\nMatthew Edward Wilson was born in Knoxville, Illinois. He studied percussion at Wichita State University. He moved to New York City in 1992, and has worked with Lee Konitz, Cecil McBee, and Dewey Redman.", "Q1091055": "Ilario Bandini (18 April 1911 \u2013 12 April 1992) was an Italian businessman, racing driver, and racing car manufacturer.\n\n", "Q56093": "William Blake Crump (July 26, 1922 \u2013 December 15, 2010), better known by his stage name, Blake Edwards, was an American filmmaker.\nEdwards began his career in the 1940s as an actor, but he soon began writing screenplays and radio scripts before turning to producing and directing in television and films. His best-known films include Breakfast at Tiffany's, Days of Wine and Roses, 10, Victor/Victoria, and the hugely successful Pink Panther film series with British actor Peter Sellers. Often thought of as primarily a director of comedies, he also directed several drama, musical, and detective films. Late in his career, he transitioned to writing, producing, and directing for theater.\nIn 2004, he received an Honorary Academy Award in recognition of his writing, directing, and producing an extraordinary body of work for the screen.", "Q4821722": "Aulana Louise Peters (born November 30, 1941 in Shreveport, Louisiana) is a retired partner at the law firm of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, where she was active partner from 1980 to 1984 and from 1988 to 2000.From 1984 until 1988, she served as a commissioner of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and as a board member of the Public Interest Oversight Board. She was the first African American ever to serve as a commissioner of the SEC, and only the third woman ever to do so.According to her resume at Forbes.com, she has served as a member of the International Public Interest Oversight Board since 2005, as a member of the Public Oversight Board of AICPA, a professional association for Certified Public Accountants in the United States, from 2001 to 2002, and sits on the boards of 3M, Deere & Company, Northrop Grumman and was on the board of Merrill Lynch.", "Q28559": "L\u00e9on Serpollet (4 October 1858 \u2013 1 February 1907) was a French industrialist and pioneer of steam automobiles, under the Gardner-Serpollet brand. He also designed steam trams.\n\nIn 1896, he invented and perfected the flash boiler, which made steam a much more practical source of power for an automobile.Serpollet was born in the Ain department of France, and went on to establish his factory on the rue des Clo\u00ffs in the 18th arrondissement of Paris, a location that has become the Parc L\u00e9on Serpollet today.He held the World land speed record, at 75.06 miles per hour (120.80 km/h), achieved in April 1902 driving the steam powered Gardner-Serpollet Oeuf de Pacques ('Easter Egg').He is commemorated by a statue by Jean Boucher at the Place Saint-Ferdinand (48.877969\u00b0N 2.288112\u00b0E\ufeff / 48.877969; 2.288112) in Paris' 17th arrondissement, and the Parc L\u00e9on Serpollet (48.89228\u00b0N 2.33831\u00b0E\ufeff / 48.89228; 2.33831) in its 18th arrondissement.", "Q76343": "Otto von Habsburg (20 November 1912 \u2013 4 July 2011), also known by his traditional royal title of Archduke Otto of Austria, was the last Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary from 1916 until the dissolution of the empire in 1919, a realm which comprised modern-day Austria, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, and parts of Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine. He became the pretender to the former thrones, Head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and Sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1922, upon the death of his father. He resigned as Sovereign of the Golden Fleece in 2000 and as head of the Imperial House in 2007.\nThe eldest son of Charles I and IV, the last Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, and his wife, Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Otto was born as third in line to the thrones, as Archduke Otto of Austria, Royal Prince of Hungary, Bohemia, and Croatia. With his father's accession to the thrones in 1916, he was likely to become emperor and king. As his father never abdicated, Otto was considered by himself, his family and Austro-Hungarian legitimists to be the rightful emperor-king from his father's death in 1922.Otto was active on the Austrian and European political stage from the 1930s, both by promoting the cause of Habsburg restoration and as an early proponent of European integration\u2014being thoroughly disgusted with nationalism\u2014and a fierce opponent of Nazism and communism. He has been described as one of the leaders of the Austrian Resistance. After the 1938 Anschluss, where monarchists were severely persecuted in Austria and sentenced to death by the Nazis, Otto fled Europe to the United States.\nOtto von Habsburg was Vice President (1957\u20131973) and President (1973\u20132004) of the International Paneuropean Union, and served as a Member of the European Parliament for the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU) from 1979 to 1999. As a newly elected Member of the European Parliament in 1979, Otto had an empty chair set up for the countries on the other side of the Iron Curtain in the European Parliament, and took a strong interest in the countries behind the Iron Curtain. Otto von Habsburg played a notable role in the revolutions of 1989, as a co-initiator of the Pan-European Picnic. Later he was a strong supporter of the EU membership of central and eastern European countries. A noted intellectual, he published several books on historical and political affairs. Otto has been described as one of the \"architects of the European idea and of European integration\" together with Robert Schuman, Konrad Adenauer, and Alcide De Gasperi.Otto was exiled in 1919 and grew up mostly in Spain. His devout Catholic mother raised him according to the old curriculum of Austria-Hungary, preparing him to become a Catholic monarch. During his life in exile, he lived in Switzerland, Madeira, Spain, Belgium, France, the United States, and from 1954 until his death, finally in Bavaria (Germany), in the residence Villa Austria. At the time of his death, he was a citizen of Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Croatia, having earlier been stateless de jure and de facto, and possessed passports of Monaco, the Order of Malta, and Spain.\nHis funeral took place at St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna on 16 July 2011; he was entombed in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna and his heart buried in Pannonhalma Archabbey in Hungary.", "Q37479": "Osmose Productions is a French independent record label created in 1991 by Herv\u00e9 Herbaut, after he had spent three years running a small mail order company. They specialize mainly in death and black metal bands.\nMany of the groups who began with Osmose would move on to sign with larger labels, such as Nuclear Blast, Century Media and Metal Blade.", "Q46280": "Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport (French: A\u00e9roport de Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle, IATA: CDG, ICAO: LFPG), also known as Roissy Airport, is the largest international airport in France and second-busiest airport in Europe. Opened in 1974, it is located in Roissy-en-France, 23 km (14 mi) northeast of Paris. It is named after Charles de Gaulle (1890\u20131970).\nCharles de Gaulle Airport is located within portions of several communes in Val-d'Oise, Seine-Saint-Denis and Seine-et-Marne. It serves as the principal hub for Air France and a destination for other legacy carriers (from Star Alliance, Oneworld and SkyTeam), as well as a focus city for low-cost carriers easyJet, Vueling, and Norwegian Air Shuttle. The Airport is operated by Groupe ADP under the brand Paris A\u00e9roport.\nIn 2019, the airport handled 76,150,007 passengers and 498,175 aircraft movements, thus making it the world's tenth-busiest airport, and Europe's second-busiest airport (after London Heathrow) in terms of passenger numbers. In terms of cargo traffic, the airport is the twelfth-busiest in the world and the second-busiest in Europe (after Frankfurt Airport), handling 2,150,950 metric tonnes of cargo in 2012.As of 2017, the airport offers direct flights to the most countries and hosts the most airlines in the world. Marc Houalla has been the director of the airport since 12 February 2018.\n\n", "Q1370207": "Pacific Palisades is a residential neighborhood in the Westside of the city of Los Angeles, California, located among Brentwood to the east, Malibu and Topanga to the west, Santa Monica to the southeast, the Santa Monica Bay to the southwest, and the Santa Monica Mountains to the north. \nIt is about 9 miles northwest of the UCLA campus.", "Q261669": "Finola Hughes (born 29 October 1959) is an English actress, television host, entrepreneur, author, and dancer, best known for role as Anna Devane on the ABC soap operas General Hospital and All My Children, and her portrayal of Laura in the 1983 film Staying Alive, the sequel to Saturday Night Fever.\nShe is also known for her portrayal of Anna Devane's identical twin, Dr. Alexandra Devane Marick, on All My Children, and Patty Halliwell on the supernatural series, Charmed. She also portrayed Carol in the final seasons of the NBC sitcom Blossom. Hughes has also appeared in the films Aspen Extreme, Above Suspicion and Like Crazy.", "Q190628": "Barbara Bush (n\u00e9e Pierce; June 8, 1925 \u2013 April 17, 2018) was the first lady of the United States from 1989 to 1993 as the wife of George H. W. Bush, who served as the 41st president of the United States, and founder of the Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy. She previously was the second lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Among her six children are George W. Bush, the 43rd president of the United States, and Jeb Bush, the 43rd governor of Florida. She and Abigail Adams are the only two women to be the wife of one U.S. president and the mother of another.Barbara Pierce was born in New York City. She met George Herbert Walker Bush at the age of sixteen, and the two married in Rye, New York in 1945, while he was on leave during his deployment as a Naval officer in World War II. They moved to Texas in 1948, where George later began his political career.", "Q390684": "Trivium is an American heavy metal band from Orlando, Florida, formed in 1999. After getting signed to Roadrunner Records in 2004, the band has released eight studio albums and over twenty singles. Their upcoming ninth studio album, What the Dead Men Say, is set for release on April 24, 2020. The band has sold over one million albums worldwide and was nominated for a Grammy for the song \"Betrayer\" at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards in 2019 for Best Metal Performance.\n\n", "Q709044": "Arthur William \"Big Boy\" Crudup (August 24, 1905 \u2013 March 28, 1974) was an American Delta blues singer, songwriter and guitarist. He is best known, outside blues circles, for his songs \"That's All Right\" (1946), \"My Baby Left Me\" and \"So Glad You're Mine\", later recorded by Elvis Presley and other artists.", "Q36767": "Robert Douglas Thomas Pattinson (born 13 May 1986) is an English actor, singer and model. After starting to act in a London theatre club at the age of 15, he began his film career by playing Cedric Diggory in the fantasy film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005). He went on to star as Edward Cullen in the film adaptations of the Twilight novels, consisting of five films between 2008 and 2012, which earned a combined total of over $3.3 billion worldwide. It brought Pattinson worldwide fame and established him among the highest-paid actors in the world. In 2010, Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world, and he was featured in the Forbes Celebrity 100 list.\nAfter starring in the romantic dramas Remember Me (2010) and Water for Elephants (2011), Pattinson eschewed roles in big-budget films in favour of independent productions helmed by auteurs, which have earned him critical acclaim. He played a manipulative billionaire in David Cronenberg's thriller Cosmopolis (2012), an aspiring actor in Cronenberg's satire Maps to the Stars (2014), an explorer in James Gray's adventure drama The Lost City of Z (2017), a bank robber in the Safdie Brothers' crime drama Good Time (2017), a criminal in a spaceship in Claire Denis' science fiction drama High Life (2018), and a troubled lighthouse keeper in Robert Eggers' horror film The Lighthouse (2019).\nPattinson composes and plays his own music. He sang songs for the Twilight film series and the 2008 independent comedy-drama film How to Be. Since 2015, Pattinson is the ambassador of the GO Campaign, a nonprofit organization that raises awareness and funds to help orphans and vulnerable children around the world. He is also a supporter of the End Child Prostitution and Trafficking (ECPAT) campaign, Parents and Abducted Children Together (PACT), is a member of International Medical Corps, and has shared details about cancer through PSAs to raise awareness about the disease.", "Q19784": "Berkhamsted ( BUR-k\u0259m-sted) is a medium sized historic market town in Hertfordshire, England, in the Bulbourne valley, 26 miles (42 km) northwest of London. The town is a civil parish with a town council within the borough of Dacorum based in the neighbouring large new town of Hemel Hempstead. Berkhamsted and the adjoining village of Northchurch are surrounded by countryside, much of it in the Chiltern Hills, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).The High Street is on a pre-Roman route known by its Saxon name Akeman Street. The earliest written reference to Berkhamsted was in 970. The settlement was recorded as a burbium (ancient borough) in the Domesday Book in 1086. The most notable event in the town's history occurred in December 1066. After William the Conqueror defeated King Harold's Anglo-Saxon army at the Battle of Hastings, the Anglo-Saxon leadership surrendered to the Norman encampment at Berkhamsted. The event was recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. From 1066 to 1495, Berkhamsted Castle was a favoured residence of royalty and notable historical figures, including Henry II, Edward, the Black Prince, Thomas Becket and Geoffrey Chaucer. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the town was a wool trading town, with a thriving local market. The oldest known extant jettied timber-framed building in Great Britain, built between 1277 and 1297, survives as a shop on the town's high street.After the castle was abandoned in 1495, the town went into decline, losing its borough status in the second half of the 17th century. Colonel Daniel Axtell, captain of the Parliamentary Guard at the trial and execution of Charles I in 1649, was among those born in Berkhamsted. Modern Berkhamsted began to expand after the canal and the railway were built in the 19th century. In the 21st century, Berkhamsted has evolved into an affluent commuter town.The town's literary connections include the 17th century hymnist and poet William Cowper, the 18th century writer Maria Edgeworth, and the 20th century novelist Graham Greene. Arts institutions in the town include The Rex, Berkhamsted (a well regarded independent cinema) and the British Film Institute's BFI National Archive at King's Hill which is one of the largest film and television archives in the world. Schools in the town include Berkhamsted School a co-educational boarding independent school (founded in 1541 by John Incent, Dean of St Paul's Cathedral); Ashlyns School a state school, whose history began as the Foundling Hospital established in London by Thomas Coram in 1742; and Ashridge Executive Education, a business school offering degree level courses, which occupies the Grade I listed neo-Gothic Ashridge House.", "Q39454": "Arator was a sixth-century Christian poet from Liguria in northwestern Italy. His best known work, De Actibus Apostolorum, is a verse history of the Apostles.", "Q465654": "The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, advocacy and other programs.\nThe society is one of the four parts of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics and a member of the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences.", "Q103054": "Dieter Stein (born 1967 in Ingolstadt) is a German journalist, publisher, editor-in-chief and founder of the right wing newspaper Junge Freiheit.\nStein grew up in Bavaria and Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg and studied political science and history at Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg from 1989 to 1993. In 1986, Stein founded the Junge Freiheit as a reaction to the \"dominance of the leftist '68 generation\". In 1990, Stein founded the Junge Freiheit Verlag GmbH, a publisher for his newspaper. He became the CEO of the company. The newspaper has been published in Berlin since 1994.\nStein is married and has 4 children.", "Q602663": "Christopher Ryan Goss (born August 17, 1958) is an American record producer and musician. Best known for producing records for Kyuss and Queens of the Stone Age, he is regarded as an important figure in the development of stoner rock and desert rock genres. Goss is also the lead singer and guitarist of the hard rock band Masters of Reality.", "Q2254193": "Rape and revenge films are a subgenre of exploitation film that was particularly popular in the 1970s.", "Q25055": "Matilde Mu\u00f1oz Sampedro (2 March 1900 \u2013 14 April 1969) was a Spanish film actress whose career stretched from the 1940s through the 1970s. \nBorn in Madrid, she was the grandmother of Carlos Bardem, M\u00f3nica Bardem and Javier Bardem. She was the mother of Juan Antonio Bardem and actress Pilar Bardem. Her husband was actor Rafael Bardem. Matilde Mu\u00f1oz Sampedro died in Madrid in 1969, aged 69.\nHer sisters Guadalupe Mu\u00f1oz Sampedro and Mercedes Mu\u00f1oz Sampedro were both actresses.", "Q45979": "Behramji Merwanji Malabari (1853\u20131912) was an Indian poet, publicist, author, and social reformer best known for his ardent advocacy for the protection of the rights of women and for his activities against child marriage.", "Q32529": "Daniela Miglietta (born 12 November 1969 in Taranto, Italy) is an Italian singer, actress and novelist. She has released 11 albums in total.", "Q86932": "Ladislaus III (Hungarian: III. L\u00e1szl\u00f3, Slovak and Croatian: Ladislav III; c. 1200 \u2013 7 May 1205) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1204 and 1205. He was the only child of King Emeric. Ladislaus was crowned king upon the orders of his ill father, who wanted to secure his infant son's succession. The dying king made his brother, Andrew, regent for the period of Ladislaus's minority. However, Duke Andrew ignored the child's interests. As a result, Ladislaus's mother, Constance of Aragon, fled to Austria, taking Ladislaus with her. Ladislaus died unexpectedly in Vienna.", "Q168805": "Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply. Symptoms may include a change in skin color to red or black, numbness, swelling, pain, skin breakdown, and coolness. The feet and hands are most commonly affected. Certain types may present with a fever or sepsis.Risk factors include diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, smoking, major trauma, alcoholism, HIV/AIDS, frostbite, and Raynaud's syndrome. It can be classified as dry gangrene, wet gangrene, gas gangrene, internal gangrene, and necrotizing fasciitis. The diagnosis of gangrene is based on symptoms and supported by tests such as medical imaging.Treatment may involve surgery to remove the dead tissue, antibiotics to treat any infection, and efforts to address the underlying cause. Surgical efforts may include debridement, amputation, or the use of maggot therapy. Efforts to treat the underlying cause may include bypass surgery or angioplasty. In certain cases, hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be useful. How commonly the condition occurs is unknown.", "Q99812": "Hans Severus Ziegler (13 October 1893 \u2013 1 May 1978) was a German publicist, theater manager, teacher and Nazi Party official. A leading cultural director under the Nazis, he was closely associated with the censorship and cultural co-ordination of the Third Reich.", "Q73213": "Edzard Schmidt-Jortzig (born 8 October 1941) is a German jurist. He currently holds the chair for public law at the University of Kiel. A member of the Free Democratic Party, he served as German Federal Minister of Justice in the Cabinet Kohl V between 1996 and 1998.\nBorn in Berlin, Schmidt-Jortzig was raised in L\u00fcneburg, Lower Saxony. He studied law and received his first Staatsexamen in 1966, and the second in 1969. In 1984 he became professor of public law at the University of Kiel and also joined the Free Democratic Party.\nIn the 1994 German federal election he earned a seat in the Bundestag, and in 1996 he succeeded Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger as Federal Minister of Justice of Germany.\n\n", "Q339358": "Enzo Cannavale (5 April 1928 \u2013 18 March 2011) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in more than 100 films since 1949, including Cinema Paradiso, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 62nd Academy Awards in 1990. He was awarded the Nastro d\u2019Argento for Best Supporting Actor in 32 dicembre (December 32nd) by Luciano De Crescenzo.", "Q65471": "M\u00fcllheim is a municipality in Frauenfeld District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q179908": "Ahmed Ben Bella (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0651\u0629\u200e A\u1e25mad bin Billah; 25 December 1916 \u2013 11 April 2012) was an Algerian politician, socialist soldier and revolutionary who served as the first President of Algeria from 1963 to 1965.", "Q288949": "Richard Roe Bellis (born April 3, 1946) in Pasadena, California), is an American composer. One of his most notable works was for the mini-series Stephen King's It. Bellis is a former President of the Society of Composers & Lyricists, former governor of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (Emmy Awards) a USC lecturer and the composer of music for numerous TV movies.He also composed the score the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode \"The House of Quark\".\nHe worked with Walt Disney Imagineering to write the score to the Animal Kingdom Attraction \"Countdown to Extinction,\" later renamed to \"Dinosaur\".Bellis attended John Muir High School, from which he graduated in 1964. He became a musical director for traveling acts like Connie Stevens and Sally Struthers. For many years, he has directed the ASCAP Film Scoring Workshop.\nIn 1960, he played a teen-aged Cheyenne Bodie in a flashback sequence on the season premiere episode \"The Longest Rope\", of the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, Cheyenne, with Clint Walker.\n\n", "Q265427": "Lyda Salmonova (14 July 1889 \u2013 18 November 1968) was a Czech stage and film actress. She was married to the actor Paul Wegener and appeared alongside him in a number of films.", "Q33637": "Marcel Reich-Ranicki (German: [ma\u0250\u032f\u02c8s\u025bl \u02c8\u0280a\u026a\u00e7 \u0280a\u02c8n\u026atski]; 2 June 1920 \u2013 18 September 2013) was a Polish-born German literary critic and member of the literary group Gruppe 47. He was regarded as one of the most influential contemporary literary critics in the field of German literature and has often been called Literaturpapst (\"Pope of Literature\") in Germany.", "Q530899": "Mary White (born 7 October 1944) is an Irish businesswoman and former Fianna F\u00e1il politician. She was a member of Seanad \u00c9ireann on the Industrial and Commercial Panel from September 2002, until April 2016 when she stood down.\nBorn in Dundalk in 1944, she is married to Padraic White, and they have one daughter. She has an Arts degree in Economics and Politics from University College Dublin and a Higher Diploma in Architectural Technology from the Dublin Institute of Technology. White co-founded Lir Chocolates in 1987.\nShe was first elected to the Seanad in 2002 and was re-elected in 2007 and in 2011.On 6 February 2008, White declared her candidacy to succeed Mary McAleese as President of Ireland. She was seeking the nomination of the Fianna F\u00e1il party and was the first candidate to declare her intention to run. In May 2011, she said that she would not be seeking a nomination. She stood down at the April 2016 election, having failed to be elected to the D\u00e1il in the February 2016 general election.In the Seanad she was the Fianna F\u00e1il Seanad spokesperson on Enterprise, Jobs and Innovation.\n\n", "Q66178": "Karl-Heinrich Erich Moritz von Groddeck (19 July 1936 \u2013 14 December 2011) was a German rower who won three Olympic medals for the United Team of Germany: a silver in the coxed pairs in 1956 and a gold and a silver in the eights in 1960 and 1964, respectively. He also won one world and five European titles in these two rowing events between 1956 and 1964 for West Germany. In 1964 he retired from competitions.\nBack in 1958, von Groddeck moved from Wiesbaden to Hamburg to work for Axel Springer AG as a journalist in the sports section of a newspaper. For many years he was reporting the history of German rowing. Later he worked as a freelance journalist.", "Q102362": "Peter Paul Althaus (28 July 1892, M\u00fcnster \u2013 16 September 1965, Munich) was a German poet.", "Q526023": "Charles-Pierre-Mathieu Combes (26 December 1801 \u2013 11 January 1872) was a French engineer. He was Inspector-General of Mines and the Director of the School of Mines in Paris. His name is on the Eiffel Tower.", "Q490385": "Bloomington is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County in the southern region of the U.S. state of Indiana. It is the seventh-largest city in Indiana and the fourth-largest outside the Indianapolis metropolitan area. According to the Monroe County History Center, Bloomington is known as the \"Gateway to Scenic Southern Indiana.\" The city was established in 1818 by a group of settlers from Kentucky, Tennessee, the Carolinas, and Virginia who were so impressed with \"a haven of blooms\" that they called it Bloomington.The population was 80,405 at the 2010 census. The city's population was estimated at 84,981 as of July 2018 by the U.S. Census Bureau.Bloomington is the home to Indiana University Bloomington. Established in 1820, IU Bloomington has 49,695 students, as of September 2016, and is the original and largest campus of Indiana University. Most of the campus buildings are built of Indiana limestone.\nBloomington has been designated a Tree City for 32 years, as of 2015. The city was also the location of the Academy Award\u2013winning 1979 movie Breaking Away, featuring a reenactment of Indiana University's annual Little 500 bicycle race. Monroe County's famous limestone quarries are also featured in the movie.", "Q71404": "Sir Hans Wolfgang Singer (29 November 1910 \u2013 26 February 2006) was a German-born British development economist best known for the Singer\u2013Prebisch thesis, which states that the terms of trade move against producers of primary products. He is one of the primary figures of heterodox economics.", "Q1347483": "John Patrick Amedori (born April 20, 1987) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for playing Gabe Mitchell in Dear White People.\nAmedori has also appeared in a number of television shows, including Law & Order, Nip/Tuck, Joan of Arcadia and Ghost Whisperer, as well as a part in the films The Butterfly Effect and Stick It. In 2006, Amedori starred in Fox's drama series Vanished, and in 2008 was cast as Aaron Rose in Gossip Girl as a love interest of Serena van der Woodsen and the stepbrother of Blair Waldorf. Amedori stars as Gabe Mitchell in the Netflix television series Dear White People.\n\n", "Q241591": "Morgan Elizabeth York (born January 18, 1993) is an American writer and former child actress best known for her roles as Kim Baker in the film Cheaper by the Dozen, and as Sarah in the Hannah Montana series.", "Q189351": "Sean Patrick Astin (n\u00e9 Duke; born February 25, 1971) is an American actor, voice actor, director, and producer. His acting roles include Samwise Gamgee in The Lord of the Rings trilogy (2001\u20132003), Mikey Walsh in The Goonies (1985), Raphael in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012), Daniel \"Rudy\" Ruettiger in Rudy (1993), Doug Whitmore in 50 First Dates (2004), and Bob Newby in the second season of Stranger Things (2017).", "Q125905": "Kimberley is the capital and largest city of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. It is located approximately 110 km east of the confluence of the Vaal and Orange Rivers. The city has considerable historical significance due to its diamond mining past and the siege during the Second Boer War. British businessmen Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato made their fortunes in Kimberley, and Rhodes established the De Beers diamond company in the early days of the mining town.\nOn 2 September 1882, Kimberley was the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and the second in the world after Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States to integrate electric street lights into its infrastructure. The first Stock Exchange in Africa was built in Kimberley, as early as 1881.Lwaat is a form of hip hop indigenous to Kimberley\n\n", "Q423629": "Jacqueline Yvonne Harry (born August 14, 1956), better known by her mononymous stage name Jack\u00e9e, is an American actress, singer, comedian, director, and television personality. She is best known for her roles as Sandra Clark, the sexy nemesis of Mary Jenkins (played by Marla Gibbs), on the NBC TV series 227 (1985\u201390), and as Lisa Landry on the ABC/The WB sitcom Sister, Sister (1994\u201399). She is noted for being the first and only African-American to win an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.", "Q68155": "The town of Schwyz (German pronunciation: [\u0283vi\u02d0ts] (listen); French: Schwytz; Italian: Svitto) is the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.\nThe Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum.\nThe official language of Schwyz is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q152555": "Alexa PenaVega (n\u00e9e Vega; born August 27, 1988) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role as Carmen Cortez in the Spy Kids film series and Shilo Wallace in the film Repo! The Genetic Opera (2008). In 2009, she starred as the title character Ruby Gallagher in the ABC Family series Ruby & the Rockits.", "Q261899": "The Emperor's Club is a 2002 American drama film directed by Michael Hoffman and starring Kevin Kline. Based on Ethan Canin's short story \"The Palace Thief\", the film follows a prep school teacher and his students at a fictional boys' prep school, St. Benedict's Academy, near Washington, D.C.\n\n", "Q4846791": "David Francis Manders (born February 20, 1941) is a retired American football center in the National Football League from 1964 through 1974. He played college football at Michigan State University. He graduated from Kingsford High School and played in two Super Bowls with the Dallas Cowboys, winning one.", "Q841357": "Takahiro Konagawa (\u5c0f\u540d\u5ddd \u9ad8\u5f18, Konagawa Takahiro, born November 30, 1979) is a Japanese guitarist, singer, and musical composer from Kashiwa, Chiba. He came out as a guitarist of Charcoal Filter in November 1999. He has also performed as a solo artist since December 2003. His first solo album The first tears was released in July 2006.\nHe played guitar on the Puffy AmiYumi song Tokyo I'm on My Way", "Q520334": "Mikhail Borisovich Kornienko (\u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; born 15 April 1960) is a Russian cosmonaut. Kornienko served as a flight engineer on the International Space Station during Expedition 23/24 and was selected along with Scott Kelly for a year-long mission aboard the ISS.Kornienko began the year long mission in March 2015, blasting off on Soyuz TMA-16M", "Q278476": "Le Signe du lion (The Sign of Leo) is a black and white French drama film directed by \u00c9ric Rohmer, which was filmed on location in Paris in the summer of 1959 but not released until May 1962. His first full-length work, it is not however one of his Six Moral Tales. Along with Le Beau Serge by Claude Chabrol, who produced The Sign of Leo, it counts as one of the first films of the French New Wave.The title refers to the Zodiac sign of Leo, under which the protagonist says he was born, and much of the plot revolves around notions of luck and fate. The penniless Pierre believes he has inherited a fortune but, when told it went to a cousin, sinks into indigence and despair. Then he is found by a friend who says the cousin has died and Pierre has really inherited the fortune.The film was not a commercial success and for eight years afterwards Rohmer concentrated on short films and on his work at the influential film magazine Cahiers du cin\u00e9ma.", "Q644178": "Karyn Layvonne White (born October 14, 1965) is an American singer who was popular during the late 1980s and early 1990s. She is known for several hit singles including \"Superwoman\" (1988), \"Love Saw It\" (1988), \"Secret Rendezvous\" (1989), \"The Way You Love Me\" (1988), and the US Hot 100 No. 1 single \"Romantic\" (1991).", "Q981167": "Christopher Henry Smith (born March 4, 1953) is an American politician currently serving in his 20th term as the U.S. Representative for New Jersey's 4th congressional district, having served since 1981. The district includes portions of Mercer, Monmouth, and Ocean counties. He is a member of the Republican Party.\nSmith has been nominated and confirmed twice to serve as a member of the United States delegation to the United Nations General Assembly. He was nominated by President Barack Obama in 2015 for the 70th session and nominated again by President Donald Trump in 2017 for the 72nd session.Smith is currently the Dean of New Jersey's Congressional Delegation, and was the delegation's sole Republican elected to the 116th Congress. Smith has focused much of his career on human rights, sponsoring numerous pieces of human rights and anti-human trafficking legislation and leading human rights missions to other countries.", "Q3845559": "Marcello Cestaro (born 1938) is an Italian businessman and the current owner and chairman of Serie A1 women's basketball club Pallacanestro Femminile Schio. He is a native of Schio, Vicenza, Italy. Until June 2013, he was also owner and chairman of Serie B club Calcio Padova.Cestaro has business interest in supermarket and hypermarket, with the brands Famila, Emisfero, A&O and Cash and Carry managed by his company Unicomm Srl. He entered into football in 2004, detecting the Calcio Padova militant at time in Series C1. Since 1986, he has also been the owner of Pallacanestro Femminile Schio.", "Q388785": "William Jonathan Drayton Jr. (born March 16, 1959), better known by his stage name Flavor Flav (), is an American rapper, actor, reality television personality, and was a member of the hip-hop group Public Enemy, which he co-founded in 1985 with Chuck D and remained a member until 2020, when he was \"fired\" from the group. He is also known for popularizing the role of the hype man and for yelling \"Yeah, boyeeeeee!\" and \"Flavor Flav!\" during performances. After falling out of the public eye for a number of years, Flav reappeared as the star of several VH1 reality series, including The Surreal Life, Strange Love, and Flavor of Love.\n\n", "Q905267": "Gaston Tissandier (November 21, 1843 \u2013 August 30, 1899) was a French chemist, meteorologist, aviator and editor. Adventurer could be added to the list of his titles, as he managed to escape besieged Paris by balloon in September 1870. He founded and edited the scientific magazine La Nature and wrote several books.\nHis brother was illustrator Albert Tissandier. His son Paul became a well known aviator in his own right.", "Q71362": "Friedrich Heinrich Karl Syrup (9 October 1881 \u2013 c. 31 August 1945) was a German jurist and politician.", "Q238052": "Swoosie Kurtz ( SWOO-see; born September 6, 1944) is an American actress. She is an Emmy Award winner and a two-time Tony Award winner.\nKurtz made her Broadway debut in the 1975 revival of Ah, Wilderness. She has received five Tony Award nominations, winning for both Fifth of July (1981) and The House of Blue Leaves (1986); her other nominations were for Tartuffe (1988), Frozen (2004), and Heartbreak House (2007).\nFor her television work, she has received eight Emmy Award nominations, with one win for Carol and Company in 1990. Other television credits include the NBC drama Sisters (1991\u20131996), Huff (2004\u20132006), Pushing Daisies (2007\u20132009), and the hit CBS sitcom Mike & Molly (2010\u20132016). Her films include, Wildcats (1986), Dangerous Liaisons (1988), Stanley & Iris (1990), Citizen Ruth (1996), Liar Liar (1997) and Bubble Boy (2001).", "Q61171": "Erich Neumann (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e8\u05d9\u05da \u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05de\u05df\u200e; 23 January 1905 \u2013 5 November 1960), was a psychologist, philosopher, writer, and student of Carl Jung.", "Q90836": "Johann Habermann, also Johannes Avenarius (10 August 1516 \u2013 5 December 1590) was a German Lutheran theologian.", "Q106662": "John Joseph Lydon (born 31 January 1956), also known by his stage name Johnny Rotten, is an English singer, songwriter and musician. He is best known as the lead singer of the late-1970s British punk band the Sex Pistols, which lasted from 1975 until 1978, and again for various revivals during the 1990s and 2000s. He is also the lead singer of post-punk band Public Image Ltd (PiL), which he founded and fronted from 1978 until 1993, and again since 2009.\nLydon's outspoken persona, rebellious image and fashion style led to his being asked to become the singer of the Sex Pistols by their manager, Malcolm McLaren. With the Sex Pistols, he penned singles including \"Anarchy in the U.K.,\" \"God Save the Queen\", \"Pretty Vacant\" and \"Holidays in the Sun\", the content of which precipitated what one commentator described as the \"last and greatest outbreak of pop-based moral pandemonium\" in Britain. The band scandalised much of the media, and Lydon was seen as a figurehead of the burgeoning punk movement. Because of their controversial lyrics and disrepute at the time, they are regarded as one of the most influential acts in the history of popular music.After the Sex Pistols disbanded in 1978, Lydon founded his own band, Public Image Ltd, which was far more experimental in nature and described in a 2005 NME review as \"arguably the first post-rock group.\" The band produced eight albums and a string of singles, including \"Public Image\", \"Death Disco\", and \"Rise\", before they went on hiatus in 1993, reforming in 2009. In subsequent years, Lydon has hosted television shows in the UK, US, and Belgium, appeared on I'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here! in the UK, appeared in advertisements on UK television promoting Dairy Crest, a brand of British butter, written two autobiographies, and produced some solo musical work, such as the album Psycho's Path (1997). In 2005, he released a compilation album, The Best of British \u00a31 Notes.\nIn 2015, there was a revival of a 1980s movement to have Lydon knighted for his achievements with the Sex Pistols, even though he has declined efforts to award him an MBE for his services to music. Q magazine remarked that \"somehow he's assumed the status of national treasure\". In 2002, he was named among the 100 Greatest Britons following a UK-wide vote.", "Q158078": "Alfred Garrievich Schnittke (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0434 \u0413\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0442\u043a\u0435, Alfred Garriyevich Shnitke; 24 November 1934 \u2013 3 August 1998) was a Soviet and German composer. Schnittke's early music shows the strong influence of Dmitri Shostakovich. He developed a polystylistic technique in works such as the epic Symphony No. 1 (1969\u20131972) and his first concerto grosso (1977). In the 1980s, Schnittke's music began to become more widely known abroad with the publication of his second (1980) and third (1983) string quartets and the String Trio (1985); the ballet Peer Gynt (1985\u20131987); the third (1981), fourth (1984), and fifth (1988) symphonies; and the viola concerto (1985) and first cello concerto (1985\u20131986). As his health deteriorated, Schnittke's music started to abandon much of the extroversion of his polystylism and retreated into a more withdrawn, bleak style.", "Q129681": "Corinne Marchand (born 4 December 1931 in Paris) is a French actress. She is best known for playing the pop singer Cl\u00e9o in Cl\u00e9o from 5 to 7.", "Q75104": "Emil Frommel (1828\u20131896) was a German pastor and author, born at Karlsruhe. He studied at Halle upon Saale, Erlangen, and Heidelberg, held several pastorates, served as army chaplain in the Franco-German War of 1870\u20131871 and in 1872 was appointed court preacher at Berlin and pastor of the garrison in that city.", "Q23342": "Sir Edmund \"Toby\" Barton, (18 January 1849 \u2013 7 January 1920) was an Australian politician and judge who served as the first Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1901 to 1903. He resigned to become a founding member of the High Court of Australia, where he served until his death.\nBarton was an early supporter of the federation of the Australian colonies, the goal of which he summarised as \"a nation for a continent, and a continent for a nation\". After the retirement of Henry Parkes he came to be seen as the leader of the federation movement in New South Wales. He was a delegate to the constitutional conventions, playing a key role in the drafting of a national constitution, and was one of the lead campaigners for federation in the subsequent referendums. In late 1900, despite the initial \"Hopetoun Blunder\", Barton was commissioned to form a caretaker government as Australia's first prime minister. His term began on 1 January 1901, the date on which federation occurred.\nAt the first federal elections in March 1901, Barton and the Protectionists won the most seats, but were well short of a majority. He was able to continue on as a prime minister by forming an alliance with the fledgling Labor Party, which held the balance of power. The Barton Government established a number of new national institutions, including the Australian Defence Force and the Commonwealth Public Service. It introduced nation-wide women's suffrage, and laid the foundations of the White Australia policy with the Immigration Restriction Act 1901.\nBarton left politics in 1903 to become one of the three founding members of the High Court, which his government had created. He was succeeded as prime minister by Alfred Deakin. On the court, Barton was able to shape the judicial interpretation of the constitution he had helped write. Although he served 16 years on the High Court and less than three as prime minister, he is chiefly remembered for his political career.", "Q919896": "Dmitry Aleksandrovich Strelnikov (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432-\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0438\u043d \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 [full spelling]); born in Kazakhstan, in the borders of USSR, in 1969) is a Russian and Polish writer, biologist and a journalist for television, radio and the press, living in Poland; the graduate of The Correspondence Course of the Mathematic on the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University and of the Biology Departament on the Warsaw University.", "Q129859": "Carlos Maggi (August 5, 1922, Montevideo, Uruguay \u2013 May 15, 2015, Montevideo, Uruguay) was a Uruguayan lawyer, playwright, journalist and writer.He was one of the last surviving members of the Generation of 45, a Uruguayan intellectual and literary movement: Juan Carlos Onetti, Manuel Flores Mora, \u00c1ngel Rama, Emir Rodr\u00edguez Monegal, Idea Vilari\u00f1o, Carlos Real de Az\u00faa, Carlos Mart\u00ednez Moreno, Mario Arregui, Mauricio Muller, Jos\u00e9 Pedro D\u00edaz, Amanda Berenguer, Tola Invernizzi, Mario Benedetti, Ida Vitale, L\u00edber Falco, Juan Cunha, among others.", "Q232219": "40 Days and 40 Nights is a 2002 satirical erotic romantic comedy film directed by Michael Lehmann, written by Rob Perez, and starring Josh Hartnett, Shannyn Sossamon and Paulo Costanzo. The film depicts Matt Sullivan, a San Francisco web designer who has chosen to abstain from any sexual contact for the duration of Lent.", "Q263730": "Alejandro Jodorowsky Prullansky (Spanish: [xo\u00f0o\u02c8\u027eofski]; born 17 February 1929) is a Chilean-French filmmaker and artist. Since 1948, Jodorowsky has worked as a novelist, screenwriter, a poet, a playwright, an essayist, a film and theater director and producer, an actor, a film editor, a comics writer, a musician and composer, a philosopher, a puppeteer, a mime, a psychologist and psychoanalyst, a draughtsman, a painter, a sculptor, and a spiritual guru.\nBest known for his avant-garde films, he has been \"venerated by cult cinema enthusiasts\" for his work which \"is filled with violently surreal images and a hybrid blend of mysticism and religious provocation\".", "Q146246": "Francia, also called the Kingdom of the Franks (Latin: Regnum Francorum), or Frankish Empire, was the largest post-Roman barbarian kingdom in Western Europe. It was ruled by the Franks during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. It is the predecessor of the modern states of France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany. After the Treaty of Verdun in 843, West Francia became the predecessor of France, and East Francia became that of Germany. Francia was among the last surviving Germanic kingdoms from the Migration Period era before its partition in 843.\nThe core Frankish territories inside the former Western Roman Empire were close to the Rhine and Maas rivers in the north. After a period where small kingdoms inter-acted with the remaining Gallo-Roman institutions to their south, a single kingdom uniting them was founded by Clovis I who was crowned King of the Franks in 496. His dynasty, the Merovingian dynasty, was eventually replaced by the Carolingian dynasty. Under the nearly continuous campaigns of Pepin of Herstal, Charles Martel, Pepin the Short, Charlemagne, and Louis the Pious\u2014father, son, grandson, great-grandson and great-great-grandson\u2014the greatest expansion of the Frankish empire was secured by the early 9th century, by this point dubbed as the Carolingian Empire.\nDuring the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties the Frankish realm was one large kingdom polity subdivided into several smaller kingdoms, often effectively independent. The geography and number of subkingdoms varied over time, but a basic split between eastern and western domains persisted. The eastern kingdom was initially called Austrasia, centred on the Rhine and Meuse, and expanding eastwards into central Europe. It evolved into a German kingdom, the Holy Roman Empire. The western kingdom Neustria was founded in Northern Roman Gaul, and as the original kingdom of the Merovingians it came over time to be referred to as Francia, now France, although in other contexts western Europe generally could still be described as \"Frankish\". In Germany there are prominent other places named after the Franks such as the region of Franconia, the city of Frankfurt, and Frankenstein Castle.", "Q4357728": "Alfred Nu Steele (April 24, 1900 \u2013 April 19, 1959) was an American soft drink businessman.", "Q1144640": "Weldon Dean Parks is an American session guitarist and record producer from Fort Worth, Texas, United States.", "Q42970": "Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is a non-governmental organization with its headquarters in the United Kingdom focused on human rights. The organization says it has more than eight million members and supporters around the world.The stated mission of the organization is to campaign for \"a world in which every person enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments.\"Amnesty International was founded in London in 1961, following the publication of the article \"The Forgotten Prisoners\" in The Observer on 28 May 1961, by the lawyers Peter Benenson and Philip James. Amnesty draws attention to human rights abuses and campaigns for compliance with international laws and standards. It works to mobilize public opinion to generate pressure on governments where abuse takes place. Amnesty considers capital punishment to be \"the ultimate, irreversible denial of human rights.\" The organization was awarded the 1977 Nobel Peace Prize for its \"defence of human dignity against torture,\" and the United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights in 1978.In the field of international human rights organizations, Amnesty has the third longest history, after the International Federation for Human Rights, and the Anti-Slavery Society.", "Q87392": "Louis Nathaniel de Rothschild (German: Ludwig Nathaniel Freiherr von Rothschild) was an Austrian baron from the famous Rothschild family. He was born in Vienna on 5 March 1882 and died of heart failure while swimming in Montego Bay, Jamaica on 15 January 1955.He was the son of Albert Salomon Anselm von Rothschild. He owned a spectacular palace in Vienna, the Palais Rothschild, that housed an exquisite art collection and antiques.\nAfter the Anschlu\u00df of Austria to Nazi Germany in March 1938, he was arrested at the airport at Aspern and taken into custody by the Nazis because he was a distinguished member of the Jewish oligarchy. He was released only after lengthy negotiations between the family and the Nazis and upon payment of $21,000,000, believed to have been the largest ransom payment in history for any individual.While imprisoned he was visited by Heinrich Himmler. Rothschild apparently impressed the SS leader, who subsequently ordered that Rothschild's prison conditions be improved with better furniture and sanitation facilities. Despite appeals from Queen Mary of the United Kingdom and possibly the Duke of Windsor, Rothschild was held in Vienna's Hotel Metropole while the German government attempted to expropriate his business concerns. He was imprisoned at least through July 1938, and his property placed under control of a German \"commissioner\". Felix Somary, in his memoirs, recalls that, soon before the Anschluss, he phoned to the baron repeatedly, in a desperate attempt to convince him to leave Austria. The day before the Anschluss, Louis's brother Alphons and his wife were visiting him in Switzerland, wanting to go back into Austria; he persuaded them to remain there, and to get his children Francesca de Rothschild and Heidi de Rothschild away from Austria to Netherlands.\nFinally allowed to leave Austria, Louis survived the Holocaust and Second World War.\nAll of the Rothschild possessions were plundered and subsequently \"Aryanised\". The city-palace of the family was destroyed after the war. The baron never received most of his former belongings back, since most of the paintings were taken over by the Austrian state, which did not allow the paintings to leave the country. In 1998, over 200 art works were returned to the Rothschild heirs by the Austrian Government, and were placed at Christie's in London for auction in 1999.In 1946 he married the countess Hildegard Johanna von Auersperg (1895\u20131981) and lived in East Barnard, Vermont (United States) and England. He died childless in 1955.\n\n", "Q788572": "Max Forrester Eastman (January 4, 1883 \u2013 March 25, 1969) was an American writer on literature, philosophy and society, a poet and a prominent political activist. Moving to New York City for graduate school, Eastman became involved with radical circles in Greenwich Village. He supported socialism and became a leading patron of the Harlem Renaissance and an activist for a number of liberal and radical causes. For several years, he edited The Masses. With his sister Crystal Eastman, he co-founded in 1917 The Liberator, a radical magazine of politics and the arts.\nWhile residing in the Soviet Union from the fall of 1922 to the summer of 1924, Eastman was influenced by the power struggle between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin and the events leading to Stalin's eventual takeover. As a witness to the Great Purge and the Soviet Union's totalitarianism, he became highly critical first of Stalinism and then of communism and socialism in general. While remaining atheist, he became an advocate of free market economics and anti-communism. In 1955, he published Reflections on the Failure of Socialism. He published more frequently in National Review and other conservative journals in later life, but he always remained independent in his thinking. For instance, he publicly opposed United States involvement in the Vietnam War in the 1960s, earlier than most.", "Q273523": "\u00c9cole des Ponts ParisTech (originally called \u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es or ENPC, also nicknamed Ponts) is a university-level institution of higher education and research in the field of science, engineering and technology. Founded in 1747 by Daniel-Charles Trudaine, it is one of the oldest and one of the most prestigious French Grandes \u00c9coles.\nHistorically, its primary mission has been to train engineering officials and civil engineers but the school now offers a wide-ranging education including computer science, applied mathematics, civil engineering, mechanics, finance, economics, innovation, urban studies, environment and transport engineering. \u00c9cole des Ponts is today largely international: 43% of its students obtain a double degree abroad, and 30% of an ing\u00e9nieur cohort is foreign.It is headquartered in Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e (suburb of Paris), France, and is a founding member of ParisTech (Paris Institute of Technology) and of the Paris School of Economics.\nThe school is under the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy of France.", "Q1000764": "The Buddenbrooks (German: Buddenbrooks) is a 1959 West German drama film directed by Alfred Weidenmann and starring Liselotte Pulver, Hansj\u00f6rg Felmy, Nadja Tiller. It was released in two parts. It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Thomas Mann.\nThe art director Robert Herlth designed the film's sets. It was filmed at the Wandsbek Studios. Location shooting took place in Hamburg and L\u00fcbeck.", "Q774905": "K\u00e1roly Zipernowsky (born as Carl Zipernowsky, 4 April 1853 in Vienna \u2013 29 November 1942 in Budapest) was an Austrian-born Hungarian electrical engineer. He invented the transformer with his colleagues (Miksa D\u00e9ri and Ott\u00f3 Bl\u00e1thy) at the famous Hungarian manufacturing company Ganz Works and he contributed significantly with his works also to other AC technologies.", "Q75110": "Dandong (simplified Chinese: \u4e39\u4e1c; traditional Chinese: \u4e39\u6771; pinyin: D\u0101nd\u014dng), formerly known as Andong, is a coastal prefecture-level city in southeastern Liaoning province, in the northeastern region of People's Republic of China.\nIt is the largest Chinese border city, facing Sinuiju, North Korea across the Yalu River, which demarcates the Sino-North Korean border. To the southwest of the city, the river flows into Korea Bay. Dandong has therefore had a dynamic history because of its strategic location for the northeast's rich natural resources and because of its convenient access to the ocean. It is designated as a major export production centre for the province, and is a port city connected by rail with Shenyang and Sinuiju. A significant amount of trade with North Korea flows through the city.The size of the administrative city (prefecture) is 14,981.4 square kilometres (5,784.4 sq mi). As of 2010, the built-up area made of 3 urban districts is 830 square kilometres (320 sq mi) in size and had 865,576 inhabitants. The administrative city contained approximately 2.45 million inhabitants as of the 2010 census.", "Q713746": "Peter Victor Ueberroth (; born September 2, 1937) is an American sports and business executive known for his involvement in the Olympics and in Major League Baseball. A Los Angeles-based businessman, he was the chairman of the Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee which brought the games to Los Angeles in 1984. After the conclusion of the games, he was named as the sixth Commissioner of Baseball, a role he held from 1984 to 1989. He later served as the chairman of the United States Olympic Committee from 2004 to 2008.", "Q116465": "Mario Fehr (born 1958 in Z\u00fcrich) is a member of the Swiss National Council (SP) and the \"Regierungsrat\" of the Z\u00fcrich canton.\nHe is a lawyer by profession and has been on the council since 1999.", "Q908757": "Mehmet Nejat Ferit Eczac\u0131ba\u015f\u0131 (Turkish pronunciation: [meh\u02c8met ne\u02c8\u0292at fe\u02c8\u027eit ed\u0292za\u02d0d\u0292\u026fba\u02c8\u0283\u026f]; January 5, 1913\u2013October 6, 1993) was a chemist, industrialist, entrepreneur and philanthropist, and a second-generation member of the notable Turkish Eczac\u0131ba\u015f\u0131 family.\nHe was the founder of Eczac\u0131ba\u015f\u0131, a prominent Turkish industrial group with investments in pharmaceuticals, personal care products, consumer products, building products and financial services.", "Q457802": "Joan Linda La Barbara (born June 8, 1947) is an American vocalist and composer known for her explorations of non-conventional or \"extended\" vocal techniques. Considered to be a vocal virtuoso in the field of contemporary music, she is credited with advancing a new vocabulary of vocal sounds including trills, whispers, cries, sighs, inhaled tones, and multiphonics (singing two or more pitches simultaneously).", "Q1691554": "J\u00f4natas de Moura \"Joe\" Penna (born May 29, 1987) is a Brazilian musician and filmmaker. He resides in Los Angeles, California.", "Q22048": "Odisha (English: , ;, pronounced [o\u027d\u026a\u02c8sa\u02d0] (listen)); also formerly Orissa, is an Indian state located on the eastern coast of India. It neighbors the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the south. Odisha has a coastline of 485 kilometres (301 mi) along the Bay of Bengal. It is the 8th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by population. The state has the third largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India.The ancient kingdom of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in 261 BCE resulting in the Kalinga War, coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha. The modern state of Odisha was established on 1 April 1936, as a province in British India, and consisted of Odia-speaking regions. 1 April is celebrated as Utkala Dibasa. The region is also known as Utkala and is mentioned in India's national anthem, \"Jana Gana Mana\". Cuttack was made the capital of the region by Anantavarman Chodaganga in c. 1135, after which the city was used as the capital by many rulers, through the British era until 1948. Thereafter, Bhubaneswar became the capital of Odisha.The economy of Odisha is the 16th-largest state economy in India with \u20b94.16 lakh crore (US$58 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of \u20b993,000 (US$1,300). Odisha ranks 23rd among Indian states in human development index.", "Q182576": "Nana Kitade (\u5317\u51fa \u83dc\u5948, Kitade Nana, born 2 May 1987) is a Japanese singer-songwriter and musician. In addition to being the lead singer of the rock band The Teenage Kissers, she has (or had) success as a solo artist, model, actress, and fashion designer. Kitade is particularly known for her songs appearing in various anime, TV shows, doramas and movie opening and endings. Kitade was featured on the cover of the Gothic & Lolita Bible, as well as featured in Neo and Kera magazines. She has toured Asia, Europe, and North America.", "Q526989": "Mei Lan (22 October 1894 \u2013 8 August 1961), better known by his stage name Mei Lanfang, was a notable Peking opera artist in modern Chinese theater. Mei was known as \"Queen of Peking Opera\". Mei was exclusively known for his female lead roles (dan) and particularly his \"verdant-robed girls\" (qingyi), young or middle-aged women of grace and refinement. He was considered one of the \"Four Great Dan\", along with Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng.", "Q20887": "Vasili Yakovlevich Eroshenko (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e Ukrainian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0404\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e) (12 January 1890 \u2013 23 December 1952) was a blind, anarchist(ref ?)writer, translator, esperantist, linguist, poet and teacher. He wrote in Esperanto and Japanese.\n\n", "Q49831": "Noyon (Latin: Noviomagus Veromanduorum, Noviomagus of the Veromandui) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France. It lies on the Oise Canal about 100 kilometers (60 mi) north of Paris.", "Q433348": "Barbara Stock (born May 26, 1956) is an American actress, best known for roles as Susan Silverman in ABC crime drama series Spenser: For Hire (1985-1988), and as Liz Adams in CBS primetime soap opera Dallas (1990-1991); she also appeared in the role of Heather Wilson in two episodes in Season 5 of the series.", "Q104061": "Steven Vincent Buscemi ( boo-SEM-ee, Italian: [bu\u0283\u02c8\u0283\u025b\u02d0mi]; born December 13, 1957) is an American actor, director, writer, producer, and former firefighter. He has starred in a number of successful movies, including Parting Glances (1986), New York Stories (1989), Mystery Train (1989), Reservoir Dogs (1992), Desperado (1995), Con Air (1997), Armageddon (1998), The Grey Zone (2001), Ghost World (2001), Big Fish (2003), and The Death of Stalin (2017). Buscemi is also known for his supporting roles in the Coen brothers films such as Miller's Crossing (1990), Barton Fink (1991), The Hudsucker Proxy (1994), Fargo (1996), and The Big Lebowski (1998).\nBuscemi has had lead voiceover roles in films including Monster House (2006), Charlotte's Web (2006), Igor (2008) and The Boss Baby (2017). He portrayed the voice of Randall Boggs in the Monsters, Inc. film franchise, and Wayne the Werewolf in the Hotel Transylvania film franchise. From 2010 to 2014, Buscemi portrayed Enoch \"Nucky\" Thompson in the critically acclaimed series Boardwalk Empire, which earned him two Screen Actors Guild Awards, a Golden Globe and two nominations for an Emmy Award. He made his directorial film debut with Trees Lounge (1996), in which he also starred. Other films he has directed include Animal Factory (2000), Lonesome Jim (2005), and Interview (2007). Buscemi played the role of Pete Wittel in the tragicomedy web series Horace and Pete (2016).", "Q267542": "Judith Godr\u00e8che (born 23 March 1972) is a French actress and author. She has appeared in more than 30 films.", "Q1263535": "The University of Novi Sad (Serbian: \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0443 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0421\u0430\u0434\u0443, romanized: Univerzitet u Novom Sadu) is a public university in Serbia. It is one of the most important educational and research centers in South Eastern Europe with around 42,489 students and 3,219 academic staff members (as of 2018\u201319 school year). It is composed of 14 faculties and three institutes located in four university cities - Novi Sad, Sombor, Subotica and Zrenjanin. It belongs to the group of comprehensive universities, which are characterized by providing nearly all fields of science and higher education.\n\n", "Q323472": "The Fighter is a 2010 American biographical sports drama film directed by David O. Russell, and starring Mark Wahlberg (who also co-produced), Christian Bale, Amy Adams, and Melissa Leo. The film centers on the lives of professional boxer Micky Ward (Wahlberg) and his older half-brother Dicky Eklund (Bale). Adams plays Micky's girlfriend Charlene Fleming, and Leo portrays Micky and Dicky's mother, Alice Eklund-Ward. The film was inspired by the 1996 documentary that features the Eklund-Ward family, titled High on Crack Street: Lost Lives in Lowell.The film was released in select North American theaters on December 17, 2010, and in the United Kingdom on February 4, 2011. It was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, winning the awards for Best Supporting Actor (Bale) and Best Supporting Actress (Leo). It was the first film to win both awards since Hannah and Her Sisters in 1986.", "Q261133": "Norma Marie Talmadge (May 2, 1894 \u2013 December 24, 1957) was an American actress and film producer of the silent era. A major box-office draw for more than a decade, her career reached a peak in the early 1920s, when she ranked among the most popular idols of the American screen.A specialist in melodrama, her most famous film was Smilin\u2019 Through (1922), but she also scored artistic triumphs teamed with director Frank Borzage in Secrets (1924) and The Lady (1925). Her younger sister Constance Talmadge was also a movie star. Talmadge married millionaire film producer Joseph M. Schenck and they successfully created their own production company. After reaching fame in the film studios on the East Coast, she moved to Hollywood in 1922.\nTalmadge was one of the most elegant and glamorous film stars of the Roaring '20s. However, by the end of the silent film era, her popularity with audiences had waned. After her two talkies proved disappointing at the box office, she retired a very wealthy woman.", "Q541912": "Tammy K. Bruce (born August 20, 1962) is a conservative American radio host, author, and political commentator. Earlier she had been president of the Los Angeles chapter of the National Organization for Women. She is currently an on-air contributor to Fox News Channel and host of Get Tammy Bruce on Fox Nation.", "Q112165": "Barbara Rosenkranz (n\u00e9e Sch\u00f6rghofer; born 20 June 1958 in Salzburg) is an Austrian politician for the Free List Austria. She was a member of the Parliament of Austria, the National Council, from 2002 to 2008, where she served as Chair of the Committee for Health Affairs. Rosenkranz was the Freedom Party candidate for the Austrian presidential election in 2010. Rosenkranz received 15.62% of the vote, coming second after incumbent Heinz Fischer.\nUntil 2017, she was a member of the Freedom Party of Austria.", "Q375152": "Adriana Ozores Puchol (Spanish pronunciation: [a\u02c8\u00f0\u027ejana o\u02c8\u03b8o\u027ees]; born 21 May 1959 in Madrid) is a Spanish actress.", "Q198248": "Colin Morven Sharman, Baron Sharman OBE (born 19 February 1943), was the British chairman of Aviva Group and former chairman of KPMG International.\nHe was educated at Bishop Wordsworth's School in Salisbury and qualified as a chartered accountant in 1965. He joined Peat Marwick Mitchell the following year, and rose through the years to become chairman of the renamed KPMG in 1997.\nSharman was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1980 Birthday Honours, for services to the British community in the Netherlands.He married his partner Angela Timmons and had two children, Sarah and Richard. Sarah had two children with her husband Peter Berridge named, Emily, Charlie and Oscar.On 2 August 1999 he was created a Life Peer as Baron Sharman, of Redlynch in the County of Wiltshire and entered the House of Lords as a Liberal Democrat peer. He retired from the House of Lords on 30 April 2015.Lord Sharman was a member of the ABN AMRO Supervisory Board from 2003 until 2007. He was chairman of Aviva Group from January 2006 to June 2012, was a non-executive director at Reed Elsevier until April 2011, and on the board of BG Group and Group 4 Securicor. Other previous board appointments include chairman of Aegis Group plc; deputy chairman of G4S plc; Young & Co's Brewery plc and AEA Technology plc. He attended the 2014 Moroccan British Business Conference, held in London, alongside Lord Mayor of London Fiona Woolf.", "Q237413": "Karin Maria Boye (listen ; 26 October 1900 \u2013 24 April 1941) was a Swedish poet and novelist. In Sweden she is acclaimed as a poet, but internationally she is best known for the dystopian science fiction novel Kallocain (1940).", "Q707055": "Michael Alan Drosnin (born January 31, 1946) is an American journalist and author, best known for his writings on the Bible Code, which is a purported set of secret messages encoded within the Hebrew text of the Torah.\nDrosnin was born in New York City. After graduating from Columbia University in 1966, he worked as a journalist for The Washington Post (1966\u20131968) and The Wall Street Journal (1969\u20131970).", "Q691023": "Pizzo di Claro (also known as Visagno) is a 2,727 metres high mountain of the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Ticino and Graub\u00fcnden. It overlooks Claro on its western side, although Cresciano is closer. On its eastern side it overlooks the valley of Calanca near Arvigo (Graub\u00fcnden). A small lake lies west of the summit at 2,198 metres, Lago Canee.\n\nMarked trails lead to the summit from both sides, the shortest route starting from above Arvigo.", "Q71410": "Anita Augspurg (22 September 1857 Verden an der Aller \u2013 20 December 1943 Z\u00fcrich) was a German jurist, actress, writer, activist of the radical feminist movement and a pacifist.", "Q67272": "Wald is a village and a municipality in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q335576": "Thomas Galloway Dunlop du Roy de Blicquy Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde (born 22 February 1960), known informally as Tom Strathclyde, is a British Conservative politician. Lord Strathclyde served in the political role of Leader of the House of Lords from the 2010 general election until January 2013 and as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, having been Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords (1998\u20132010).", "Q913377": "Unleashed is a Swedish death metal band that was formed in 1989 by Johnny Hedlund in Stockholm. Common lyrical themes found in the band's music include Viking culture, recollection of a pre-Christian world, and Norse folklore. A number of their recent songs also contain references to J. R. R. Tolkien. Unleashed (along with Dismember, Entombed and Grave) is considered one of the \"big four\" of Swedish death metal.", "Q77061": "Fatih Akin (Turkish: Fatih Ak\u0131n, born 25 August 1973) is a German film director, screenwriter and producer of Turkish descent. He has won numerous awards for his films, including the Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival for his film Head-On (2004), Best Screenplay at the Cannes Film Festival for his film The Edge of Heaven (2007), and the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film for his film In the Fade (2017).", "Q58082": "Patricia Espinosa Cantellano (born October 21, 1958) is a Mexican politician and diplomat who is currently serving as the executive secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. She was Mexican Ambassador to Austria, Germany, Slovenia and Slovakia and served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of President Felipe Calder\u00f3n.\nShe graduated with a bachelor's degree in International Relations from El Colegio de M\u00e9xico and earned a diploma in International Law at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Switzerland. She is married and has two children.\n\n", "Q270758": "Olga Teresa Ta\u00f1\u00f3n Ort\u00edz (born April 13, 1967) is a Puerto Rican recording artist. Over the course of her career, she has earned two Grammy Awards, three Latin Grammy Awards, and 29 Premio Lo Nuestro Awards.", "Q92953": "Robert William Bemer (February 8, 1920 \u2013 June 22, 2004) was a computer scientist best known for his work at IBM during the late 1950s and early 1960s. His motto was:\n\n((((DO SOMETHING!) SMALL) USEFUL) NOW!)", "Q1522040": "Giacinto Morera (18 July 1856 \u2013 8 February 1909), was an Italian engineer and mathematician. He is known for Morera's theorem in the theory of functions of a complex variable and for his work in the theory of linear elasticity.\n\n", "Q493840": "Lawrence is the county seat of Douglas County and sixth-largest city in Kansas. It is in the northeastern sector of the state, astride Interstate 70, between the Kansas and Wakarusa Rivers. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 87,643; by 2018 the estimated population had risen to 97,286. Lawrence is a college town and the home to both the University of Kansas and Haskell Indian Nations University.\nLawrence was founded by the New England Emigrant Aid Company (NEEAC), and was named for Amos Adams Lawrence, a Republican abolitionist originally from Massachusetts, who offered financial aid and support for the settlement. Lawrence was central to the \"Bleeding Kansas\" period (1854\u201361), and the site of the Wakarusa War (1855) and the Sacking of Lawrence (1856). During the American Civil War it was also the site of the Lawrence massacre (1863).\nLawrence began as a center of free-state politics. Its economy diversified into many industries, including agriculture, manufacturing, and education, beginning with the founding of the University of Kansas in 1865 and Haskell Indian Nations University in 1884.", "Q864855": "The Georgia Institute of Technology, commonly referred to as Georgia Tech or, in the state of Georgia, as Tech, is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta, Georgia. It is part of the University System of Georgia and has satellite campuses in Savannah, Georgia; Metz, France; Athlone, Ireland; Shenzhen, China; and Singapore.\nThe school was founded in 1885 as the Georgia School of Technology as part of Reconstruction plans to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War Southern United States. Initially, it offered only a degree in mechanical engineering. By 1901, its curriculum had expanded to include electrical, civil, and chemical engineering. In 1948, the school changed its name to reflect its evolution from a trade school to a larger and more capable technical institute and research university.\nToday, Georgia Tech is organized into six colleges and contains about 31 departments/units, with emphasis on science and technology. It is well recognized for its degree programs in computer science, engineering, business administration, the sciences and design. Georgia Tech is ranked tied for 5th among all public national universities in the United States, tied for 4th in the Best Undergraduate Engineering Schools ranking, tied for 29th among all collegiate institutions in the \"National Universities\" category by U.S. News & World Report as of the 2020 rankings, and 34th among global universities in the world by Times Higher Education as of the 2019 rankings.Student athletics, both organized and intramural, are a part of student and alumni life. The school's intercollegiate competitive sports teams, the four-time football national champion Yellow Jackets, and the nationally recognized fight song \"Ramblin' Wreck from Georgia Tech\", have helped keep Georgia Tech in the national spotlight. Georgia Tech fields eight men's and seven women's teams that compete in the NCAA Division I athletics and the Football Bowl Subdivision. Georgia Tech is a member of the Coastal Division in the Atlantic Coast Conference.", "Q182210": "Charles Henderson (April 26, 1860 \u2013 January 7, 1937) was the 35th Governor of Alabama from 1915 to 1919 and a member of the Democratic Party. Before serving as governor, Henderson was mayor of Troy, Alabama from 1886 to 1906 and played a key role in Troy\u2019s business and civic development. After his term as governor, Henderson remained active in the community. In 1937, after a bout with influenza, Henderson suffered a stroke and died at age 76. The public high school in Troy bears his name.", "Q168811": "The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic was one of the transcontinental constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1936 to 1991 in northern Central Asia. It was created on 5 December 1936 from the Kazakh ASSR, an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR.\nAt 2,717,300 square kilometres (1,049,200 sq mi) in area, it was the second-largest republic in the USSR, after the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Alma-Ata (today known as Almaty). Today it is the independent nation of Kazakhstan. During its existence as a Soviet Socialist Republic, it was ruled by the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR.\nOn 25 October 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR declared its sovereignty on its soil. Nursultan Nazarbayev was elected as president \u2013 a role he remained in for the next 29 years.\nThe Kazakh SSR was renamed the Republic of Kazakhstan on 10 December 1991, which declared its independence six days later, as the last republic to leave the USSR on 16 December 1991. The Soviet Union was disbanded on 26 December 1991 by the Soviet of the Republics. The Republic of Kazakhstan, the legal successor to the Kazakh SSR, was admitted to the United Nations on 2 March 1992.", "Q366890": "Osvaldo Bayer (18 February 1927 \u2013 24 December 2018) was an Argentine writer and journalist. He lived in Buenos Aires. In 1974, during the presidency of Isabel Per\u00f3n, he went into exile, residing in Linz am Rhein, Germany, throughout the National Reorganization Process dictatorship (1976\u20131983).", "Q177931": "George Turner (February 25, 1850 \u2013 January 26, 1932) was a United States Senator from Washington.\nBorn in Edina, Missouri, he attended the common schools and served as a military telegraph operator with the Union Army from 1861 to 1865. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1869, commencing practice in Mobile, Alabama. From 1876 to 1880, he was United States Marshal for the Southern District of Alabama and Middle District of Alabama, and served as Chairman of the Alabama Republican Party from 1882-1884. Shortly thereafter he re-located to the Territory of Washington in the Pacific Northwest where he was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Washington from 1885 to 1888.\nHe resumed the practice of law in Spokane, Washington in 1888 and was also interested in mining. He was a member of the Territorial Convention in 1889 that framed the first Washington Constitution, the state constitution of Washington, which had recently been admitted to the Union. He was an unsuccessful candidate for election as a Republican to the U.S. Senate in 1889 and 1893; he was elected on a fusion ticket with Silver Republicans, Democrats, and Populists support to the U.S. Senate and served from March 4, 1897, to March 4, 1903; he lost re-election and resumed the practice of law in Spokane.\nIn 1903, he was a member of the Alaska Boundary Tribunal and was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for governor in 1904. He was counsel for the United States at The Hague in the northeastern fisheries arbitration with Great Britain in 1910, and was appointed by President William H. Taft as a member of the International Joint Commission, created to prevent disputes regarding the use of boundary waters between the United States and Canada from 1911 to 1914. He was counsel for the United States before the International Joint Commission from 1918 to 1924 and practiced law in Spokane. He died there in 1932 and is interred at Greenwood Cemetery. Mount Turner on the Alaska-British Columbia border was named for him.\n\n", "Q131964": "The Austrian Empire (Austrian German: Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling Kaisertum \u00d6sterreich) was a Central European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, it was the third most populous empire after the Russian Empire and the United Kingdom in Europe. Along with Prussia, it was one of the two major powers of the German Confederation. Geographically, it was the third largest empire in Europe after the Russian Empire and the First French Empire (621,538 square kilometres; 239,977 sq mi). Proclaimed in response to the First French Empire, it partially overlapped with the Holy Roman Empire until the latter's dissolution in 1806.\nThe Kingdom of Hungary\u2014as Regnum Independens\u2014was administered by its own institutions separately from the rest of the empire. After Austria was defeated in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 was adopted, joining together the Kingdom of Hungary and the Empire of Austria to form Austria-Hungary.", "Q54860": "Walt Disney Records is an American record label of the Disney Music Group. The label releases soundtrack albums from Disney's motion pictures, television series, theme parks, and traditional studio albums produced by its roster of pop, teen pop, and country artists.\nThe label was founded in 1956 as Disneyland Records. Before that time, Disney recordings were licensed to a variety of other labels such as RCA, Decca, Capitol, ABC-Paramount, and United Artists. It was Walt Disney\u2019s brother Roy O. Disney who suggested that Walt Disney Productions (now the modern-day The Walt Disney Company) should form their own record label. Roy enlisted longtime staffer Jimmy Johnson to head this new division. It adopted its current name in 1989.", "Q371334": "The Mexican Empire (Spanish: Imperio Mexicano) or Second Mexican Empire (Spanish: Segundo Imperio Mexicano) was the name of Mexico under a constitutional hereditary monarchy declared by a Mexican Assembly of Notables in accordance with the interests of the French Empire, during the Second French intervention in Mexico. Napoleon III of France wanted to establish a monarchist ally in the Americas as a restraint upon the growing power of the United States . Chosen as the Mexican emperor was Austrian Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian, of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.\nPromoted by the powerful and conservative elite of Mexico's \"hacendados\", with the support of the French, as well as from the Austrian and Belgian crowns, the intervention attempted to create a monarchical system in Mexico, as it had functioned during the 300 years of the viceroyalty of New Spain and for the short term of the imperial independent reign of Emperor Agust\u00edn I of Mexico. The French attempt to establish a monarchy however triggered a civil war in Mexico, with the imperialists ultimately losing soon after the French troops withdrew from the country. The Empire came to an end on June 19, 1867, with the execution of Emperor Maximilian I by the government of the restored Mexican Republic.", "Q65465": "Sattel is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. Its name is the German word for saddle.", "Q23430": "Ulaanbaatar, formerly anglicised as Ulan Bator (Mongolian: \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440, [\u028a\u026e\u0251\u02d0m.b\u0251\u02d0t\u02b0\u0251\u0306r], literally \"Red Hero\"), is the capital and largest city of Mongolia. The city is not part of any aimag (province), and its population as of 2014 was over 1.3 million, almost half of the country's population. The municipality is in north central Mongolia at an elevation of about 1,300 meters (4,300 ft) in a valley on the Tuul River. It is the country's cultural, industrial and financial heart, the centre of Mongolia's road network and connected by rail to both the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia and the Chinese railway system.The city was founded in 1639 as a nomadic Buddhist monastic centre. It settled permanently at its present location, the junction of the Tuul and Selbe rivers, in 1778. Before then, it changed location 28 times, each new location being chosen ceremonially. In the twentieth century, Ulaanbaatar grew into a major manufacturing center. Ulaanbaatar is a member of the Asian Network of Major Cities 21. The city's official website lists Moscow, Hohhot, Seoul, Sapporo and Denver as sister cities.", "Q460710": "Maril\u00f9 Tolo (born 16 January 1944) is an Italian film actress. She appeared in 64 films between 1960 and 1985.", "Q682739": "The Johannes Kepler University Linz (German: Johannes Kepler Universit\u00e4t Linz, short: JKU) is a public institution of higher education in Austria. It is located in Linz, the capital of Upper Austria. It offers bachelor's, master's, diploma and doctoral degrees in business, engineering, law, science, social sciences and medicine.\nToday, 19,930 students study at the park campus in the northeast of Linz, with one out of nine students being from abroad. The university was the first in Austria to introduce an electronic student ID in 1998.\nThe university is the home of the Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics (RICAM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.\nIn 2012, the Times Higher Education ranked the JKU at # 41 and in 2015 at # 87 in its list of the top 100 universities under 50 years old. According to the 2012 ranking, the JKU was the fifth best young university in German-speaking Europe. The university attained high scores for quotations, third-party funding, and internationalization efforts.", "Q375635": "Patrick Lindner (born 27 September 1960 in Munich, Germany) is a German Volksmusik singer.", "Q84856": "Dr. Ludwig Landmann (May 18, 1868 in Mannheim \u2013 March 5, 1945 in Voorburg, Netherlands) was a liberal German politician of the Weimar Republic. Landmann belonged first to the National Social party, then the Progressive People's Party, and finally, after the German revolution of 1918, the German Democratic Party.\nHe eventually moved from Mannheim to Frankfurt, where he became Mayor of Frankfurt from 1924 until 1933 and led a significant expansion of the city. Through reorganizations and construction, Landmann gave the city new luster. Landmann was the first Jewish mayor of Frankfurt.\n\nAt the time he was mayor he hired the architect Ernst May to organize a new housing project, which became known as the New Frankfurt (Neues Frankfurt). Landmann founded also the Nassau home (Nassauische Heimst\u00e4tte), an organization that helped guarantee every citizen had access to decent housing.\nAfter the Nazi election victory in the municipal elections on March 12, 1933, he was expelled from his office. He then handed in his official resignation as mayor. He was succeeded by Friedrich Krebs of the NSDAP.\nLandmann left then for Berlin. But because of his Jewish ancestry, he was exposed to various antisemitic Nazi harassment; among other things, his pension payments were temporarily stopped. In 1939, he left Germany and emigrated to the Netherlands, the home of his wife. After the German occupation of the Netherlands from 1940, he was hidden by relatives and friends to protect him from deportation, and possible death. He died in 1945 in hiding from malnutrition during Holland's 'Hunger Winter'.\nToday Ludwig Landmann Street in Frankfurt is dedicated to his memory. A portrait of the mayor by William Runze, a painter from the Sossenheim district of Frankfurt, hangs in the Council Hall at the R\u00f6mer, Frankfurt's City Hall.", "Q175841": "John Winston Jones (November 22, 1791 \u2013 January 29, 1848) was an American politician and lawyer.", "Q402194": "Moustafa Amar (Arabic: \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u200e; born Moustafa Ahmed Amar in 1966) is an Egyptian musician and actor.\n\n", "Q741767": "Granville William \"Mickey\" Roker (September 3, 1932 \u2013 May 22, 2017) was an American jazz drummer.", "Q85590": "Paul Leppin (27 November 1878, Prague (Prag, Praha), Royal Bohemia, Imp.&R.Austria \u2013 10 April 1945, Prague, Bohemia, Bohemia & Moravia/3rd Czechoslovakia) was a 20th-century Bohemian writer of German language, who was born and lived in Prague.\nAlthough he wrote in German, he was in close contact with Czech literature. He translated Czech books and wrote articles on Czech literature. He was also an editor of two literary periodicals, Fr\u00fchling and Wir.", "Q707732": "Motor Music is an independent record label located in Berlin, Germany dealing mainly with rock music. It was founded in 1994 and until 2004 was a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. In January 2004 Tim Renner who had been CEO at Universal music Germany and Motor Music left Universal. In 2005 he founded Motor Entertainment group and within it also again Motor Music as independent label. Within Motor Entertainment also record release, distribution and management services are provided for independent artists.Among the artists who either released music on this label or were distributed by this label in Germany are:\n\n4Lyn\nAmy Winehouse\nAlice Phoebe Lou\nDie \u00c4rzte\nBobo in White Wooden Houses\nDorfdisko\nDune\nEditors\nEmigrate\nEmil Bulls\nJR Ewing\nFeeling B\nHund am Strand\nJennifer Rostock\nKlee\nKoufax\nLos Colorados\nMax Giesinger\nMuse\nPatrick Wolf\nPeterLicht\nPhillip Boa\nPhotonensurfer\nPolarkreis 18\nRammstein\nR'n'G\nSchrottgrenze\nSoko\nSum 41\nSuper700\nTempEau\nTocotronic\nWeen\nWinson\nWir sind Helden\nYeah Yeah Yeahs\nThom Yorke\nZoot Woman\n\n", "Q1360997": "Juan de Marcos Gonz\u00e1lez (born Juan de Marcos Gonz\u00e1lez-C\u00e1rdenas in January 1954 in Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban bandleader and musician, best known for his work with the Buena Vista Social Club.", "Q70069": "District 13 (French title Banlieue 13 or B13), is a 2004 French action film directed by Pierre Morel and written and produced by Luc Besson. The film is notable for its depiction of parkour in a number of stunt sequences that were completed without the use of wires or computer generated effects. Because of this, some film critics have drawn comparisons to the popular Thai film Ong-Bak. David Belle, regarded as the founder of parkour, plays Le\u00efto, the main character of the story.\n\n", "Q277750": "Carl Martin Froch, (born 2 July 1977) is an English former professional boxer who competed from 2002 to 2014, and has since worked as a boxing analyst and commentator for Sky Sports. He held multiple super-middleweight world championships, including the WBC title twice between 2008 and 2011, the IBF title from 2012 to 2015, and the WBA (Unified) title from 2013 to 2015. At regional level he held the British, Commonwealth, and English super-middleweight titles, and won the Lonsdale Belt in 2006. As an amateur in the middleweight division, Froch won a bronze medal at the 2001 World Championships, and the ABA title twice.\nFroch was voted Fighter of the Year for 2012 by World Boxing News and BoxRec. In 2013, the UK edition of GQ magazine voted him Sportsman of the Year. He reached a peak pound for pound ranking of sixth by BoxRec and The Ring magazine, and in 2013 was listed by the BBC as the best active British boxer, pound for pound.", "Q1887060": "Malcolm Yelvington (September 14, 1918 \u2013 February 21, 2001) was an American rockabilly and country musician. Born in Covington, Tennessee, he released a record on Sun Records in 1954, just after Elvis Presley.\nYelvington began performing in local venues at the age of 14, having learned to sing and play guitar as a boy. His voice was a baritone, somewhat comparable to Ernest Tubb (one of Yelvington's major influences). He continued with mostly local engagements into his 20s, and was passed over for military service in World War II because of his health. In the late 1940s, he began playing with Reece Fleming's band, The Tennesseans, at the Memphis Gem Theater. This group disbanded in 1952, and several of its members, including Yelvington, picked up with local troupe the Star Rhythm Boys. They performed daily on local radio and had a steady and popular gig at the Clover Club north of Covington, but family attachments prevented most of the players from traveling or touring with the group. Yelvington began playing side gigs in Memphis whenever he wasn't playing with the Star Rhythm Boys.\nYelvington and guitarist Gordon Mashburn first heard word of Sam Phillips's Sun Records in 1953, and arranged a meeting. Philips was initially unimpressed with Yelvington and the Star Rhythm Boys, because he was not interested in recording straight-ahead country music; however, he thought the band had potential, and had them audition a large number of songs. The first cut he recorded with them was a blues number written by Stick McGhee called \"Drinkin' Wine Spo-Dee-O-Dee\". The result was a record with blues roots and a blues feel but a steel guitar that sounded unmistakably country. This recording was issued on Sun Records immediately after Elvis Presley's \"That's All Right Mama\". Phillips did not give Yelvington promotional backing, and so he and the band self-marketed the record to local stations, to little avail. The record was picked up neither by blues nor by country radio stations, each of which seemed to think it sounded too much like the other.\n\"Drinkin' Wine Spo-Dee-O-Dee\" was one out of only two records Yelvington cut for Sun. In 1955 he released a single, \"Yakety Yak\" (not the same tune as \"Yakety Yak\" by The Coasters), on competitor Meteor Records. The record was released under the name Mac Sales and the Esquire Trio so as to avoid legal action by Phillips, to whom he was still contractually obliged. In 1956, Yelvington recorded again with Sun, releasing the rockabilly track \"Rockin' With My Baby\".\nYelvington, now in his late thirties, was not excited about the rockabilly sound, and by 1958 he and his band members parted ways. Yelvington struck out on his own as a solo artist, but had no luck and eventually quit music, concentrating on raising his family of five children. He was essentially forgotten until the 1980s, when popular music historians began digging into the Sun back catalogue; fans and concert promoters attempted to bring him out of retirement. His career saw a resurgence in Memphis as a rockabilly revivalist, and in 1997, he released his first full-length album at the age of 79. By the time of his death in 2001, in Memphis, he was regarded as an elder statesman of country music and rockabilly.\nA live show in the Netherlands during his first European tour in 1988 was taped and released on Collector Records (CLCD 4403) in 1991. In 2006, Bear Family Records reissued his Sun Records recordings on compact disc.\nOn February 22, 2018, the song \"Drinkin' Wine Spo-Dee-O-Dee\" b/w \"Just Rolling Along\" by Malcolm Yelvington and the Star Rhythm Boys was accepted into the Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q4413456": "Republic Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group (UMG). It was founded by Avery Lipman and Monte Lipman as an independent label in 1995, and was acquired by UMG in 2000. Republic was initially an imprint of the Universal/Motown Records Group, and was renamed Universal Republic Records after a reorganization in 2006 before reverting to its original name in 2012.Notable artists signed to Republic Records include Taylor Swift, Post Malone, Drake, Ariana Grande, The Weeknd, Nicki Minaj, Lil Wayne, Lorde, Amy Winehouse, Jessie J, Florence and the Machine, Greta Van Fleet, Black Veil Brides, MIKA, Lindsay Lohan, Conan Gray, Christina Grimmie, Hailee Steinfeld, Julia Michaels and 3 Doors Down. Its country music subsidiary Republic Nashville has signed Florida Georgia Line as well as The Band Perry.", "Q189422": "Jean Edmond Dujardin (French pronunciation: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 edm\u0254\u0303 dy\u0292a\u0281d\u025b\u0303] (listen); born 19 June 1972) is a French actor, comedian, humorist and television director. He began his career as a stand-up comedian in Paris before guest starring in comedic television programmes and films. He first came to prominence with the cult TV series Un gars, une fille, in which he starred alongside his lover Alexandra Lamy, before gaining success in film with movies such as Brice de Nice, Michel Hazanavicius's OSS 117: Cairo, Nest of Spies and its sequel OSS 117: Lost in Rio, as well as 99 Francs.\nDujardin garnered international fame and widespread acclaim with his performance of George Valentin in the 2011 award-winning silent movie The Artist. The role won him numerous awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actor (the first for a French actor), the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role and the Cannes Film Festival Best Actor. He later appeared in Martin Scorsese's 2013 black comedy The Wolf of Wall Street and George Clooney's 2014 historical drama, The Monuments Men.", "Q104060": "Klaus Tscheuschner (born October 22, 1956 in Bielefeld, West Germany) was Lord Mayor of Flensburg, Germany from January 2005 until January 2011.", "Q11483": "Anita Borg (January 17, 1949 \u2013 April 6, 2003) was an American computer scientist. She founded the Institute for Women and Technology and the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing.\n\n", "Q199631": "Adhemar Ferreira da Silva (September 29, 1927 \u2013 January 12, 2001) was a Brazilian triple jumper. He won two Olympic gold medals and set four world records in athletics, the last being 16.56 metres in 1955 Pan American Games. In his early career he also competed in the long jump, placing fourth at the 1951 Pan American Games.", "Q20886": "Keppel Earl \"Kep\" Enderby QC (25 June 1926 \u2013 7 January 2015) was an Australian politician and judge. Enderby was a member of the House of Representatives, representing the Australian Labor Party between 1970 and 1975 and became a senior cabinet minister in the Gough Whitlam government. After politics, he was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales.", "Q49830": "A Continental Reformed church is a Reformed church that has its origin in the European continent. Prominent subgroups are the Dutch Reformed, the Swiss Reformed, the French Reformed (Huguenots), the Hungarian Reformed, and the Waldensian Church in Italy.\nThe term is used to distinguish these churches from Presbyterian, Congregational or other Calvinist churches, which can trace their origin to the British Isles or elsewhere in the world. Continental Reformed churches are descended from the Protestant Reformation in respective European countries. Notably, their theology is largely derived from the Swiss Reformation, as Switzerland (specifically Geneva and Z\u00fcrich) was a base for the most influential Reformed theologians of the era. It was inaugurated by Huldrych Zwingli, who formulated the first expression of the Reformed faith. Swiss Reformation was more fully articulated by Martin Bucer, Heinrich Bullinger and John Calvin. In the sixteenth century, the movement spread to most of continental Europe, sometimes aligning and secured by monarchs and other nobles, like in Switzerland, Hungary, and France.", "Q63773": "Willy Otto Oskar Ley (October 2, 1906 \u2013 June 24, 1969) was a German-American science writer and proponent of cryptozoology, a pseudoscience. The crater Ley on the far side of the Moon is named in his honor.", "Q107569": "Founded in 1968 at Accademia dei Lincei in Rome, Italy, the Club of Rome consists of current and former heads of state, UN bureaucrats, high-level politicians and government officials, diplomats, scientists, economists, and business leaders from around the globe. It stimulated considerable public attention in 1972 with the first report to the Club of Rome, The Limits to Growth. Since 1 July 2008 the organization has been based in Winterthur, Switzerland.", "Q8787": "Oneworld (stylized as oneworld; CRS: *O) is an airline alliance founded on February 1, 1999. The alliance's stated objective is to be the first choice airline alliance for the world's frequent international travelers. Its central alliance office is in New York, New York, United States. Its member airlines are American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Finnair, Iberia, Japan Airlines, LATAM Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Qantas, Qatar Airways, Royal Air Maroc, Royal Jordanian, S7 Airlines and SriLankan Airlines, as well as Fiji Airways as a connect partner and some 30 affiliated airlines. As of October 2017, Oneworld is the third-largest global alliance in terms of passengers with more than 527.9 million passengers carried, behind SkyTeam (630M) and Star Alliance (762M).As of October 2017, its member airlines collectively operate a fleet of 3,447 aircraft, serve about 1,000 airports in more than 158 countries, carrying 527.9 million passengers per year on 12,738 daily departures, generating annual revenues of more than US$130 billion.\n\n", "Q42965": "Monika Olejnik, formally Monika Wasowska (born 11 July 1956) is a Polish radio, newspaper and TV journalist.Olejnik studied zoology at Warsaw University of Life Sciences. First she worked in Polish Radio I in a programme for farmers. In 1982 she moved to Polish Radio III and stayed there until 2000. She became well known for her interviews with politicians and other public individuals in \"Salon Polityczny Tr\u00f3jki\" (Political Salon of Channel 3). In TVN Television she worked on the programme \"Kropka nad i\" (\"Dot the i\"). Since September 2004 she was an interviewer for \"Prosto w oczy\" (\"Straight in the eyes\"), a programme on Polish Television Channel I.One of the most influential Polish journalists in 1990s and 2000s . The fact that her father, Tadeusz (1932\u20132015), was a major in the communist-period Ministry of Interior, has made her a target of intense critique by the Polish right-wing politicians and journalists.", "Q562112": "David Michael Alexander (June 3, 1947 \u2013 February 10, 1975) was an American musician, best known as the original bassist for influential protopunk band The Stooges.", "Q1060091": "Iacob Heraclid (or Eraclid; Greek: \u1f38\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f29\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2; 1527 \u2013 November 5, 1563), born Basilic\u00f2 and also known as Iacobus Heraclides, Heraclid Despotul, or Despot Vod\u0103 (\"Despot the Voivode\"), was a Greek Maltese soldier, adventurer and intellectual, who reigned as Prince of Moldavia from November 1561 to November 1563. He is remembered as a pioneer of the Protestant faith in Eastern Europe, a champion of Renaissance humanism, and a founder of academic life in Moldavia. Active within the Greek diaspora in several countries, he was a student of Hermodorus Lestarchus, and worked as a scribe alongside his cousin, Iakobos Diassorinos. Heraclid forged his genealogy several times, claiming to be a member of the Brankovi\u0107 dynasty; he was more reliably related to the Byzantine nobility in Rhodes, and claimed the titular lordship of Samos. In the late 1540s and early '50s, he studied medicine at the University of Montpellier, and married a local. A duelist and alleged infanticide, Heraclid fled over the border with the Holy Roman Empire before he could be executed for murder. He was slowly won over by the Reformation, serving the Protestant princes of the Upper Saxon Circle.\nDuring his travels in the Habsburg Netherlands, Heraclid was admitted to the court of Emperor Charles V, serving under him in the Last Italian War. He was made a Count Palatine and became a recognized authority on military matters, authoring several books in New Latin. Returning to civilian life, he focused his attention on missionary activity, and networked with the leading Lutherans in Wittenberg, though he began sympathizing more with Calvinism. With recommendations from Philip Melanchthon, he traveled through Northern Europe and had a spell teaching mathematics at the University of Rostock. He eventually reached Poland and Lithuania by way of Prussia, focusing on a project to unite the local Evangelical and Calvinist Churches. His own Calvinism wavered at the court of Miko\u0142aj \"the Red\" Radziwi\u0142\u0142: Heraclid turned to Radical Reformation, and adopted a Unitarian position, without abjuring publicly.\nNetworking between the Habsburg Monarchy and Polish nobility, \"Despot\" was able to credibly claim the throne of Moldavia. Involved in an unsuccessful plot to assassinate the titular Prince, Alexandru L\u0103pu\u0219neanu, he returned with a mercenary army, winning at Verbia and taking Suceava. Upon gaining control of the country, he issued an edict of toleration, which favored the brief ascendancy of Moldavian Protestants. Heraclid never explicitly stated his own affiliation, appeasing the dominant Moldavian Orthodox Church and performing the duties of an Orthodox monarch. He also formulated a political program which announced Romanian nationalism, promising to conquer Wallachia and Transylvania; he saw himself as a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire, and made several attempts to capture parts of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom in conjunction with the Habsburgs. Proclaiming himself a \"King\" or \"Palatine\" rather than Prince, he invested efforts in a dynastic union with Wallachia, which he then briefly invaded. Despot's long-term goal was to obtain independence from the Ottoman Empire following a European-led \"crusade\".\nSeveral religious controversies contributed to social unrest in Moldavia. Despot's prohibition of divorce, his lapses into Protestant iconoclasm and his fiscal policies all served to alienate the public; this conflict was aggravated by his plan to marry a Calvinist, which opened the prospect of a Protestant dynasty. Weakened by Despot's disputes with Olbracht \u0141aski and the Zaporozhian Cossacks, the regime was brought down by the pretender \u0218tefan Tom\u0219a. After a months-long siege in Suceava, Despot surrendered and was immediately killed, probably by Tom\u0219a's own hand. His Reformation project only survived through the small learning center he had set up at Cotnari, being dismantled in the 1580s. Despot's reign was cursed by the early Moldavian historians, but his overall contribution to Moldavia's Westernization, particularly cultural, is viewed by later scholars as meritorious. Despot reemerged as a favorite subject in modern Romanian literature, inspiring an 1879 drama by Vasile Alecsandri, and also appears in Maltese literature.\n\n", "Q457803": "Suzanne Preis Br\u00f8gger Zeruneith (born 18 November 1944 in Copenhagen) is a Danish writer, a novelist, poet and journalist. Her first book Fri os fra k\u00e6rligheden has been translated into c. 20 languages. Since 1997 she has been a member of the Danish Academy.", "Q469735": "Sidney Harman (August 4, 1918 \u2013 April 12, 2011) was a Canadian-born American engineer and businessman active in education, government, industry, and publishing. He was the Chairman Emeritus of Harman International Industries, Inc. A co-founder of Harman Kardon, he also served as the U.S. Under Secretary of Commerce in 1977 and 1978. Late in his life, Harman was also the publisher of Newsweek, having purchased the magazine for one dollar in 2010.", "Q127861": "The Khedivate of Egypt (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u200e, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [xede\u02c8wejjet \u02c8m\u0251s\u02e4\u027e]; Ottoman Turkish: \u062e\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u200e H\u0131diviyet-i M\u0131s\u0131r) was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, established and ruled by the Muhammad Ali Dynasty following the defeat and expulsion of Napoleon Bonaparte's forces which brought an end to the short-lived French occupation of Lower Egypt. The United Kingdom invaded and took control in 1882. In 1914 the Ottoman Empire connection was ended and Britain established a protectorate called the Sultanate of Egypt.\n\n", "Q429311": "The American President is a 1995 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Rob Reiner and written by Aaron Sorkin. The film stars Michael Douglas, Annette Bening, Martin Sheen, Michael J. Fox, and Richard Dreyfuss. In the film, President Andrew Shepherd (Douglas) is a widower who pursues a relationship with environmental lobbyist Sydney Ellen Wade (Bening) \u2013 who has just moved to Washington, D.C. \u2013 while at the same time attempting to win the passage of a crime control bill during a re-election year.\nComposer Marc Shaiman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Musical or Comedy Score for The American President. The film was nominated for Golden Globes for Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Actor in a Comedy/Musical for Michael Douglas, Best Actress in a Comedy/Musical for Annette Bening, and Best Comedy/Musical. The American Film Institute ranked The American President No. 75 on its list of America's Greatest Love Stories.", "Q494690": "Carson is a city in Los Angeles County, California, located 13 miles (21 km) south of downtown Los Angeles and approximately 14 miles away from the Los Angeles International Airport. Incorporated on February 20, 1968, Carson is the newest municipality in the South Bay region of Metropolitan Los Angeles. As of the 2018, it had a population of 91,909.", "Q90823": "Katharina Focke (8 October 1922 \u2013 10 July 2016) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). She served as Federal Minister of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth from 1972 to 1976.", "Q109222": "Wolfgang Gerhard Herbert Steinert (May 8, 1940 \u2013 April 22, 2010) was a German electrical engineer.\nAfter studying at RWTH Aachen University and Darmstadt University of Technology he worked for the Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker (VDE) from 1968 to 2000. As a testing engineer he was head of the test laboratory of the VDE from 1971 until 1993 (thus among other things responsible for assigning the VDE f-mark according to Postal Decree 171/1967 and implementing the German Law on Radio Interference of 1978). Being a \"competent body\" within the framework of the German EMC Law of 1992 from 1993 until his retirement in 2000, he acted as an intermediary between the rules of the European and German authorities and the need of the manufacturers of electric devices for reliable market access. Furthermore he contributed to the work of several standardization committees (including DKE/K 761; head of the German delegation to CISPR/A).\nWolfgang Steinert got married in 1970 and had one son. In 2010 he died due to colorectal cancer.\nPublications in German, e.g.\n\nBegrenzung von Funkst\u00f6rungen, von Beeinflussungen und von R\u00fcckwirkungen. In: Einf\u00fchrung in das VDE-Vorschriftenwerk / hrsg. von Alfred Warner. Berlin 1983 (VDE-Schriftenreihe ; 50). ISBN 3-8007-1252-0and English, e.g.\n\nStandards and Regulations (comparing FCC 15.J - computing devices/1979, CISPR 11, 14 and VDE 0871, 0875). In: EMC Technology & Interference Control News 2 (1983), p. 10. ISSN 0278-4270.\n\n", "Q682738": "Abdi Farah Shirdon (Somali: Cabdi Faarax Shirdoon; Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0631\u062d \u0634\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646\u200e; born 1958) is a Somali businessman, economist and politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Somalia between October 2012 and December 2013. Shirdon is credited with having overseen significant development in social services and the national budget, as well as improving local security.", "Q75677": "Georg Ledebour (7 March 1850, Hanover \u2013 31 March 1947) was a German socialist journalist and politician.\nHe served as a stretcher bearer in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870. He worked as a journalist on several newspapers after 1875. He joined the German Progress Party in 1882 and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 1891.\nHe had a romantic relationship with Lou Andreas-Salome between 1892 and 1894. During that period, Ledebour was sentenced and jailed for a year for a political offence.Ledebour was a member of the German Reichstag from 1900 until 1918. He took part in the international anti-war socialist conferences at Zimmerwald in 1915, and in Stockholm in 1917. He was one of the leaders of the German Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) after the split in the SPD in 1917. The Majority Social Democratic Party of Germany (MSPD) broadly supported the German government's war aims, and the USPD was opposed to the government.In 1918-20, the leadership of the MSPD wanted to restrain the German revolution as much as possible, even to the extent of relying on the right-wing enemies of the democratic revolution and government, while the USPD wanted to carry through the revolution and weaken or remove anti-democratic forces. Ledebour was involved in the political leadership, along with Karl Liebknecht, of the attempt in Berlin to overthrow the government headed by Friedrich Ebert in January 1919. This was poorly organised and was quickly defeated by the units of the German army and the Freikorps, and notably led to the murder of both Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg.\nLedebour remained in the USPD after the splits in that party in 1920-22, when most of the membership merged with the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) in 1920, and most of the rest merged with the SPD in 1922. In 1931 he joined the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD). He went into exile in Switzerland after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, and died in Bern in 1947 after a long illness.", "Q81090": "Hertford College ( HART-f\u0259rd) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It is located on Catte Street in the centre of Oxford, directly opposite the main gate to the Bodleian Library. The college is known for its iconic bridge, the Bridge of Sighs. There are around 600 students at the college at any one time, comprising undergraduates, graduates and visiting students from overseas.\nThe first Hertford College began in the 1280s as Hart Hall and became a college in 1740 but was dissolved in 1816. In 1820, the site was taken over by Magdalen Hall, which had emerged around 1490 on a site adjacent to Magdalen College. In 1874, Magdalen Hall was incorporated as a college, reviving the name Hertford College. In 1974, Hertford was part of the first group of all-male Oxford colleges to admit women.Alumni of the college's predecessor institutions include William Tyndale, John Donne, Thomas Hobbes and Jonathan Swift. More recently, former students have included author Evelyn Waugh, the first female Home Secretary Jacqui Smith, the civil servants Jeremy Heywood and Olly Robbins, and the newsreaders and reporters Fiona Bruce, Carrie Gracie, Krishnan Guru-Murthy and Natasha Kaplinsky.", "Q780885": "Vincenzo Bettiza (7 June 1927 \u2013 28 July 2017) was a Yugoslavian-born Italian novelist, journalist and politician.\n\n", "Q140144": "Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali (Urdu: \u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0638\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u200e; born 1 January 1944) is a Pakistani politician who served as the 15th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2002 until his resignation in 2004.\nOriginally a supporter of the Pakistan Peoples Party, Jamali emerged from the politics of Balochistan Province under military governor Rahimuddin Khan during the 1970s. He became a national figure as part of the government of Nawaz Sharif, and was Chief Minister of Balochistan for two non-consecutive terms (from June\u2013December 1988 and November 1996 \u2013February 1997). Although he was a senior leader in the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) and Sharif's confidant, relations between Jamali and Sharif cooled and Jamali joined the Pakistan Muslim League (Q) after the 1999 coup led by General Pervez Musharraf. In the 2002 general election, Jamali won his bid for the office of Prime Minister after his supporters and colleagues crossed party lines to support him. On 21 November 2002 Jamali was appointed the 13th Prime Minister of Pakistan-designate. He took the oath on 23 November 2002, until he unexpectedly announced his resignation in 2004.", "Q299689": "Tamara Tunie (born March 14, 1959) is an American film, stage, and television actress, director, and producer. She is best known for her roles as attorney Jessica Griffin on the CBS soap opera As the World Turns (1987-1995, 2000-2007, 2009), and as medical examiner Melinda Warner in the NBC police drama Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2000-2015, briefly later).\nTunie has appeared in a number of movies, including Wall Street (1987), Rising Sun (1993), The Devil's Advocate (1997), and Flight (2012). She received Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female nomination for her performance in the 2001 drama film The Caveman's Valentine. In 2010, she made her directing debut with romantic comedy film See You in September. Tunie also received Tony Award for Best Musical in 2007 for producing Spring Awakening, and Obie Award for Distinguished Performance by an Actress in 2016 for Familiar.", "Q54861": "Anna Margaret Collins (born June 12, 1996) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She is best known for her work on the soundtrack of the Disney Channel Original Movie, Starstruck.", "Q449383": "Permanent Record is a 1988 American drama film starring Pamela Gidley, Michelle Meyrink, Keanu Reeves, Jennifer Rubin, and Alan Boyce. It was filmed on location in Portland, Oregon and Yaquina Head near Newport on the Oregon Coast. The film primarily deals with the profound effect of suicide, and how friends and family work their way through the grief.", "Q854997": "A bhikkhu (Pali: \u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0916\u0941 Sanskrit: \u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941 , bhik\u1e63u) is an ordained male monastic (\"monk\") in Buddhism. Male and female monastics (\"nun\", bhikkhun\u012b, Sanskrit bhik\u1e63u\u1e47\u012b) are members of the Buddhist community.The lives of all Buddhist monastics are governed by a set of rules called the pr\u0101timok\u1e63a or p\u0101timokkha. Their lifestyles are shaped to support their spiritual practice: to live a simple and meditative life and attain nirvana.A person under the age of 20 cannot be ordained as a bhikkhu or bhikkhuni but can be ordained as a \u015br\u0101ma\u1e47era or \u015br\u0101ma\u1e47\u0113r\u012b.", "Q177930": "Enemy of the State is a 1998 American action-thriller film directed by Tony Scott, produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and written by David Marconi. The film stars Will Smith and Gene Hackman, with Jon Voight, Lisa Bonet, Gabriel Byrne, Dan Butler, Loren Dean, Jake Busey, Barry Pepper, and Regina King in supporting roles. The film tells the story of a group of NSA agents conspiring to kill a Congressman and the cover up that ensues after a tape of the murder is discovered.\nThe film was released on November 20, 1998 in the U.S. and worldwide. Enemy of the State garnered generally positive reviews from film critics and audiences, with many praising the writing and direction as well as the chemistry between Smith and Hackman. Given the events of 9/11, the Patriot Act, and Edward Snowden's revelations about the NSA's PRISM surveillance program, the film has become noteworthy for being ahead of its time regarding issues of National Security and privacy.", "Q74569": "Meindert De Jong, sometimes spelled de Jong, DeJong or Dejong (4 March 1906 \u2013 16 July 1991) was a Dutch-born American writer of children's books. He won the international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1962 for his contributions as a children's writer.", "Q331711": "Mustafa Sandal (born 11 January 1970) is a Turkish singer-songwriter. At the beginning of the 1990s, he wrote and composed a number of songs for other singers and made a reputation for himself in the music industry. In 1994, with the release of his first studio album Su\u00e7 Bende and its subsequent success, he made a name for himself in Turkey. This was followed by the release of another album titled G\u00f6lgede Ayn\u0131 in 1996. In 1998, the song \"Aya Benzer\" from his new album Detay became a number-one hit in Turkey. After signing a contract with Sony Music, he released the album Araba. The song \"Araba\" from the album became a massive hit. Throughout his career he continued to release many albums, including Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na B\u0131rak (2000), Kop (2002). Later, under the label Universal Music-Polydor, he released the album Seven (2003), followed by \u0130ste (2004), Devam\u0131 Var (2007), and Karizma (2009). In 2011, his single with G\u00fclben Ergen, \"\u015e\u0131k\u0131r \u015e\u0131k\u0131r\", became the most downloaded song of the year. In 2012, Sandal released his 10th studio album Organik. In 2013, his new single \"Tesir Alt\u0131nda\" became one of the best-selling singles of 2013. Sandal has won many awards throughout his career. For his album Kop, he was voted the \"Best Male Artist\" in 2002.\nIn addition to his work in the field of music, television, advertising, cinema and other important achievements, Sandal has sold more than 14 million albums worldwide and has collaborated with many artists, including Ajda Pekkan, Sezen Aksu and Hakan Peker.", "Q156726": "Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukrainian: \u0406\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e-\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0301\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a [i\u02c8w\u0251no fr\u0250n\u02c8kiu\u032fs\u02b2k] (listen); Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e-\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a, romanized: Ivano-Frankovsk; formerly Stanyslaviv, Stanislau, or Stanis\u0142aw\u00f3w; see below) is a historic city located in Western Ukraine. It is the administrative centre of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. Administratively, it is designated as a city of regional significance within the oblast, and together with a number of rural localities, is incorporated as Ivano-Frankivsk Municipality. Population: 230,929\u2009(2016 est.).\nBuilt in the mid-17th century as a fortress of the Polish Potocki family, Stanis\u0142aw\u00f3w was annexed to the Habsburg Empire during the First Partition of Poland in 1772, after which it became the property of the State within the Austrian Empire. The fortress was slowly transformed into one of the most prominent cities at the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains. After World War I, for several months, it served as a temporary capital of the West Ukrainian People's Republic. Following Peace of Riga, Stanis\u0142aw\u00f3w became part of the Second Polish Republic. After the Soviet invasion of Poland at the onset of World War II, the city was annexed by the Soviet Union, only to be occupied by Nazi Germany two years later. With the liberation of Soviet Ukraine in 1944 and the shifting of borders, the Communist regime ran the city for the next four-and-a-half decades. A few years before the fall of the Soviet Union, the blue-yellow flag was raised in the city as the symbol of an independent Ukraine.\nA city visitor may find elements of various cultures intertwined within Ivano-Frankivsk, the Polish city hall, the Austro-Hungarian city's business center, the Soviet prefabricated apartment blocks at the city's rural\u2013urban fringe, and others. Ivano-Frankivsk is also one of the principal cities of the Carpathian Euroregion.", "Q235205": "Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio (born November 17, 1958) is an American actress and singer. She made her Broadway debut in the 1980 revival of West Side Story, and went on to appear in the 1983 film Scarface as Al Pacino's character's sister, Gina Montana. For her role as Carmen in the 1986 film The Color of Money, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other film roles include The Abyss (1989), Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991), and The Perfect Storm (2000). In 2003, she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for the Broadway revival of Man of La Mancha.", "Q104706": "Gerhard Schick (born 18 April 1972) is a German economist and finance expert who heads Finance Watch Deutschland. He previously served as a member of the German Bundestag for the Green Party.\n\n", "Q520447": "Andr\u00e9 Lagache (21 January 1885 \u2013 2 October 1938) was a French racing driver who, along with Ren\u00e9 L\u00e9onard, won the inaugural 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1923. Lagache was an engineer at automobile manufacturer Chenard et Walcker, and was chosen to drive their \"Sport\" model in the inaugural 24 Hours of Le Mans. The duo drove a distance of 2,209 km (1,373 mi) over 24 hours and beat another Chenard-Walcker by a four lap margin. Lagache continued to run Le Mans for Chenard et Walcker for the next two years, but was unable to finish the event again. Lagache and L\u00e9onard however went on to win the Spa 24 Hours in 1925, the second running of that endurance event.\nHe was one of the founders of and supplier of the A in FAR.", "Q92952": "Peter John Landin (5 June 1930 \u2013 3 June 2009) was a British computer scientist. He was one of the first to realise that the lambda calculus could be used to model a programming language, an insight that is essential to development of both functional programming and denotational semantics.\n\n", "Q153886": "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (German: Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari) is a 1920 German silent horror film, directed by Robert Wiene and written by Hans Janowitz and Carl Mayer. Considered the quintessential work of German Expressionist cinema, it tells the story of an insane hypnotist (Werner Krauss) who uses a somnambulist (Conrad Veidt) to commit murders. The film features a dark and twisted visual style, with sharp-pointed forms, oblique and curving lines, structures and landscapes that lean and twist in unusual angles, and shadows and streaks of light painted directly onto the sets.\nThe script was inspired by various experiences from the lives of Janowitz and Mayer, both pacifists who were left distrustful of authority after their experiences with the military during World War I. The film makes use of a frame story, with a prologue and epilogue which, in a twist ending, reveals the main narrative is actually the delusion of a madman. Janowitz has claimed this device was forced upon the writers against their will. The film's design was handled by Hermann Warm, Walter Reimann and Walter R\u00f6hrig, who recommended a fantastic, graphic style over a naturalistic one.\nThe film thematizes brutal and irrational authority. Writers and scholars have argued the film reflects a subconscious need in German society for a tyrant, and is an example of Germany's obedience to authority and unwillingness to rebel against deranged authority. Some critics have interpreted Caligari as representing the German war government, with Cesare symbolic of the common man conditioned, like soldiers, to kill. Other themes of the film include the destabilized contrast between insanity and sanity, the subjective perception of reality, and the duality of human nature.\nThe Cabinet of Dr. Caligari was released just as foreign film industries were easing restrictions on the import of German films following World War I, so it was screened internationally. Accounts differ as to its financial and critical success upon release, but modern film critics and historians have largely praised it as a revolutionary film. Critic Roger Ebert called it arguably \"the first true horror film\", and film reviewer Danny Peary called it cinema's first cult film and a precursor for arthouse films. Considered a classic, it helped draw worldwide attention to the artistic merit of German cinema and had a major influence on American films, particularly in the genres of horror and film noir.", "Q58083": "Elmar Mammadyarov Maharram oglu (Azerbaijani: Elmar M\u0259mm\u0259dyarov M\u0259h\u0259rr\u0259m o\u011flu), born July 2, 1960) is an Azerbaijani diplomat who has served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan since 2004. Mammadyarov speaks Russian, English, Azerbaijani, and Turkish.", "Q77060": "Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (28 May 1925 \u2013 18 May 2012) was a German lyric baritone and conductor of classical music, one of the most famous Lieder (art song) performers of the post-war period, best known as a singer of Franz Schubert's Lieder, particularly \"Winterreise\" of which his recordings with accompanist Gerald Moore and J\u00f6rg Demus are still critically acclaimed half a century after their release.Recording an array of repertoire (spanning centuries) as musicologist Alan Blyth asserted, \"No singer in our time, or probably any other has managed the range and versatility of repertory achieved by Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau. Opera, Lieder and oratorio in German, Italian or English came alike to him, yet he brought to each a precision and individuality that bespoke his perceptive insights into the idiom at hand.\" In addition, he recorded in French, Russian, Hebrew, Latin and Hungarian. He was described as \"one of the supreme vocal artists of the 20th century\" and \"the most influential singer of the 20th Century\".Fischer-Dieskau was ranked the second greatest singer of the century (after Jussi Bj\u00f6rling) by Classic CD (United Kingdom) \"Top Singers of the Century\" Critics' Poll (June 1999). The French dubbed him \"Le miracle Fischer-Dieskau\" and Dame Elisabeth Schwarzkopf called him \"a born god who has it all.\" At his peak, he was greatly admired for his interpretive insights and exceptional control of his soft, beautiful instrument. Despite the small size of his lyric/chamber baritone voice, Fischer-Dieskau also performed and recorded a great many operatic roles. He dominated both the opera and concert platform for over thirty years.", "Q152540": "Blind Guardian is a German power metal band formed in 1984 in Krefeld, West Germany. They are often credited as one of the seminal and most influential bands in the power metal and speed metal subgenres. Nine musicians have been a part of the band's line-up in its history, which has consisted of singer Hansi K\u00fcrsch, guitarists Andr\u00e9 Olbrich and Marcus Siepen, and drummer Frederik Ehmke since 2005.\nBlind Guardian is a part of the German heavy metal scene that emerged in the mid-1980s. The band was formed in 1984 as Lucifer's Heritage by K\u00fcrsch (then also bass guitarist), Olbrich, other guitarist Markus D\u00f6rk and drummer Thomas Stauch. D\u00f6rk and Stauch both left the following year, and were replaced by Christof Thei\u00dfen and Hans-Peter Frey respectively, who left as well before the end of the year. In 1987, Siepen joined and Stauch returned; under this line-up, which lasted 18 years (the longest in the band's history), the band changed their name to Blind Guardian and released their first album, Battalions of Fear, in 1988.\nOver the releases, Blind Guardian established themselves as a notable successful band and as pioneers of the power metal movement. In 1996, K\u00fcrsch stopped acting as the band's bass guitarist to focus on vocals. Various session members replaced him, mainly Oliver Holzwarth. However, in 2005, Stauch left the band, disapproving of Blind Guardian's transition into a more complex progressive sound with a heavy use of backing vocals, and was replaced by Ehmke.\nMost of Blind Guardian's albums were well received by fans and critics alike: Somewhere Far Beyond (1992), Imaginations from the Other Side (1995), and Nightfall in Middle-Earth (1998), are especially seen as influential works. The music is mostly composed by K\u00fcrsch and Olbrich together, and the lyrics, written by K\u00fcrsch, are mostly inspired by the fiction of fantasy authors such as J. R. R. Tolkien, Michael Moorcock, Stephen King, and Robert Jordan, as well as traditional legends and epics. Over the years a theme has developed which personifies the band members as travelling storytellers, leading fans to refer to the band affectionately as \"The Bards\".\n\n", "Q333106": "Joseph Hilaire Pierre Ren\u00e9 Belloc (; French: [il\u025b\u0281 b\u025bl\u0254k]; 27 July 1870 \u2013 16 July 1953) was a British-French writer and historian and one of the most prolific writers in England during the early twentieth century. Belloc was also an orator, poet, sailor, satirist, writer of letters, soldier, and political activist. His Catholic faith had a strong impact on his works. He was President of the Oxford Union and later MP for Salford from 1906 to 1910. He was a noted disputant, with a number of long-running feuds. Belloc became a naturalised British subject in 1902 while retaining his French citizenship.\nHis writings encompassed religious poetry and comic verse for children. His widely sold Cautionary Tales for Children included \"Jim, who ran away from his nurse, and was eaten by a lion\" and \"Matilda, who told lies and was burned to death\". He also collaborated with G. K. Chesterton on a number of works.", "Q267231": "Nuria Gonz\u00e1lez (born 16 May 1962) is a Spanish actress.\nGonz\u00e1lez was born in M\u00e1laga. She is popular thanks to her appearances in several TV shows and series, but she has a long career as a film and stage actress ( 5mujeres.com in Teatro Alc\u00e1zar, Bodas de sangre, Cinco cubiertos, Fiestas gordas del vino y del tocino, Org\u00eda, Mar\u00eda Sarmiento...)", "Q92946": "Bertrand Meyer (; French: [m\u025bj\u025b\u0281]; born 21 November 1950) is a French academic, author, and consultant in the field of computer languages. He created the Eiffel programming language and the idea of design by contract.\n\n", "Q221264": "S\u00e1ndor Zombori (born 31 October 1951 in P\u00e9cs) is a Hungarian football player who participated in the 1978 World Cup where Hungary was eliminated in the first round. Despite this early exit, Zombori scored a fine goal in his team's defeat to France.\nFrom 1975 to 1982, he played for Vasas SC before leaving Hungary for France where he played for Montpellier H\u00e9rault Sport Club\nIn Montpellier H\u00e9rault SC, He played 85 matches and scored 14 goals in the French second division and in the French Cup, he played in 6 games and scored 3 goals.\nHis son Zal\u00e1n was formed at Montpellier HSC during the 1992-1993 season.", "Q104712": "Elbl\u0105g (Polish: [\u02c8\u025blbl\u0254\u014bk] (listen); German: Elbing; Old Prussian: Elbings) is a city in northern Poland on the eastern edge of the \u017bu\u0142awy region with 120,142 inhabitants (December 2018). It is the capital of Elbl\u0105g County and has been assigned (since 1999) to the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Previously it was the capital of Elbl\u0105g Voivodeship (1975\u20131998) and a county seat within Gda\u0144sk Voivodeship (1945\u20131975).\nElbl\u0105g is one of the oldest cities in the province. Its history dates back to 1237, when the Teutonic Order constructed their fortified stronghold on the banks of a nearby river. The castle subsequently served as the official seat of the Teutonic Order Masters.\nElbl\u0105g became part of the Hanseatic League, which contributed much to the city's wealth. Through the Hansa agreement, the city was linked to other major ports like Gda\u0144sk, L\u00fcbeck and Amsterdam. Elbl\u0105g joined Poland in 1454 and after the defeat of the Teutonic Knights in the Thirteen Years\u2019 War was recognized as part of Poland in the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466. It then flourished and turned into a significant trading point, but its growth was eventually hindered by the Second Northern War and the Swedish Deluge.\nThe city was transferred to Prussia after the first partition of Poland in 1772. Its trading role greatly weakened, until the era of industrialization, which occurred in the 19th century. It was then that the famous Elbl\u0105g Canal was commissioned.After World War II the city again became part of Poland. The war casualties were catastrophic, especially the severe destruction of the Old Town district, one of the grandest and most beautiful in East Prussia. \nToday, Elbl\u0105g has over 120,000 inhabitants and is a \"vibrant city with an attractive tourist base\". It serves as an academic and financial center and among its numerous historic monuments is the Market Gate from 1309 and St. Nicholas Cathedral. Elbl\u0105g is also known for its archaeological sites, museums and the largest brewery in the country.The Elbl\u0105g Canal, built in 1825\u201344 under Prussia, is a tourist site of Elbl\u0105g. The canal is believed to be one of the most important monuments related to the history of engineering and has been named one of the Seven Wonders of Poland. The canal was also named one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii) in 2011. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland.", "Q1898632": "Bradford Edward Sullivan (November 18, 1931 \u2013 December 31, 2008) was an American character actor on film, stage and television. He was best known for playing the killer Cole in The Sting, hockey goon Mo Wanchuk in Slap Shot, mobster George in The Untouchables (1987) and the gruff Henry Wingo in The Prince of Tides (1991).", "Q236718": "Dame Edith Mary Evans, (8 February 1888 \u2013 14 October 1976) was an English actress. She was best known for her work on the stage, but also appeared in films at the beginning and towards the end of her career. Between 1964 and 1968, she was nominated for three Academy Awards.\nEvans's stage career spanned sixty years during which she played more than 100 roles, in classics by Shakespeare, Congreve, Goldsmith, Sheridan and Wilde, and plays by contemporary writers including Bernard Shaw, Enid Bagnold, Christopher Fry and No\u00ebl Coward. She created roles in two of Shaw's plays: Orinthia in The Apple Cart (1929), and Epifania in The Millionairess (1940) and was in the British premi\u00e8res of two others: Heartbreak House (1921) and Back to Methuselah (1923).\nEvans became widely known for portraying haughty aristocratic women, as in two of her most famous roles: Lady Bracknell in The Importance of Being Earnest, and Miss Western in the 1963 film of Tom Jones. By contrast, she played a downtrodden maid in The Late Christopher Bean (1933), a deranged, impoverished old woman in The Whisperers (1967) and \u2013 one of her most celebrated roles \u2013 the Nurse in Romeo and Juliet, which she played in four productions between 1926 and 1961.", "Q162497": "Thomas LeRoy Collins (March 10, 1909 \u2013 March 12, 1991) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 33rd Governor of Florida. Collins began his governorship after winning a special election in 1954, was elected to a four-year term in 1956, and served from 1955 to 1961. Prior to winning election as governor, Collins served several terms in the Florida House of Representatives and Senate. He was the first governor from the South to promote the moral necessity of ending segregation. Counseling \"progress under law\", he took a moderate course in favor of incremental improvements during the 1950s and 60s and is remembered as a voice in favor of civil rights.", "Q152554": "The Party of Democratic Socialism (German: Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus, PDS) was a democratic socialist political party in Germany active between 1989 and 2007. It was the legal successor to the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), which ruled the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) as a state party until 1990. From 1990 through to 2005, the PDS had been seen as the left-wing \"party of the East\". While it achieved minimal support in western Germany, it regularly won 15% to 25% of the vote in the eastern new states of Germany, entering coalition governments (with the Social Democratic Party of Germany, SPD) in the federal states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Berlin.In 2005, the PDS, renamed The Left Party.PDS (Die Linkspartei.PDS) entered an electoral alliance with the Western Germany-based Electoral Alternative for Labour and Social Justice (WASG) and won 8.7% of the vote in Germany's September 2005 federal elections (more than double the 4% share achieved by the PDS alone in the 2002 federal election). On 16 June 2007, the two groupings merged to form a new party called The Left (Die Linke).The party had many socially progressive policies, including support for legalisation of same-sex marriage and greater social welfare for immigrants.Internationally, the Left Party.PDS was a co-founder of the Party of the European Left and was the largest party in the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) group in the European Parliament.", "Q172684": "Aleister Crowley (; born Edward Alexander Crowley; 12 October 1875 \u2013 1 December 1947) was an English occultist, ceremonial magician, poet, painter, novelist, and mountaineer. He founded the religion of Thelema, identifying himself as the prophet entrusted with guiding humanity into the \u00c6on of Horus in the early 20th century. A prolific writer, he published widely over the course of his life.\nBorn to a wealthy family in Royal Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, Crowley rejected his parent's fundamentalist Christian Plymouth Brethren faith to pursue an interest in Western esotericism. He was educated at Trinity College at the University of Cambridge, where he focused his attentions on mountaineering and poetry, resulting in several publications. Some biographers allege that here he was recruited into a British intelligence agency, further suggesting that he remained a spy throughout his life. In 1898 he joined the esoteric Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, where he was trained in ceremonial magic by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers and Allan Bennett. Moving to Boleskine House by Loch Ness in Scotland, he went mountaineering in Mexico with Oscar Eckenstein, before studying Hindu and Buddhist practices in India. He married Rose Edith Kelly and in 1904 they honeymooned in Cairo, Egypt, where Crowley claimed to have been contacted by a supernatural entity named Aiwass, who provided him with The Book of the Law, a sacred text that served as the basis for Thelema. Announcing the start of the \u00c6on of Horus, The Book declared that its followers should \"Do what thou wilt\" and seek to align themselves with their True Will through the practice of magick.\nAfter an unsuccessful attempt to climb Kanchenjunga and a visit to India and China, Crowley returned to Britain, where he attracted attention as a prolific author of poetry, novels, and occult literature. In 1907, he and George Cecil Jones co-founded an esoteric order, the A\u2234A\u2234, through which they propagated Thelema. After spending time in Algeria, in 1912 he was initiated into another esoteric order, the German-based Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.), rising to become the leader of its British branch, which he reformulated in accordance with his Thelemite beliefs. Through the O.T.O., Thelemite groups were established in Britain, Australia, and North America. Crowley spent the First World War in the United States, where he took up painting and campaigned for the German war effort against Britain, later revealing that he had infiltrated the pro-German movement to assist the British intelligence services. In 1920 he established the Abbey of Thelema, a religious commune in Cefal\u00f9, Sicily where he lived with various followers. His libertine lifestyle led to denunciations in the British press, and the Italian government evicted him in 1923. He divided the following two decades between France, Germany, and England, and continued to promote Thelema until his death.\nCrowley gained widespread notoriety during his lifetime, being a recreational drug experimenter, bisexual and an individualist social critic. He has been called \"the wickedest man in the world\" and labeled as a Satanist by the popular press. Crowley has remained a highly influential figure over Western esotericism and the counterculture, and continues to be considered a prophet in Thelema. He is the subject of various biographies and academic studies.", "Q304966": "Glenn Alan Medeiros (born June 24, 1970) is an American educator and a former singer and songwriter of Portuguese descent who achieved chart success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He is best known on the national and international music scene for his 1987 global smash, \"Nothing's Gonna Change My Love for You\", and \"She Ain't Worth It\", a US chart-topper in 1990. He has remained regularly involved in the music industry in his home state of Hawaii (including several headliner and related musical variety shows in Waikiki) long after achieving global success decades ago.\nAfter his musical career peaked, he taught and was vice-principal at the Maryknoll School, a parochial school in Honolulu, Hawaii, and as a Professor at Chaminade University, a private Marianist University which shares grounds with Saint Louis School. On July 1, 2015, Medeiros became the Head of School/Principal of Saint Louis School in Honolulu and in 2017 its President/CEO.", "Q125904": "Edward Harrison Norton (born August 18, 1969) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has received multiple awards and nominations, including a Golden Globe Award and three Academy Award nominations.\nBorn in Massachusetts and raised in Maryland, Norton was drawn to theatrical productions at local venues as a child. After graduating from Yale College in 1991, he worked for a few months in Japan before moving to New York City to pursue an acting career. He gained immediate recognition for his debut in Primal Fear (1996), which earned him a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor and an Academy Award nomination in the same category. His role as a reformed neo-Nazi in American History X (1998) earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. He also starred in the film Fight Club (1999), which garnered a cult following.\nNorton emerged as a filmmaker in the 2000s. He established the production company Class 5 Films in 2003, and was director or producer of the films Keeping the Faith (2000), Down in the Valley (2005), and The Painted Veil (2006). He continued to receive critical acclaim for his acting roles in films such as The Score (2001), 25th Hour (2002), The Illusionist (2006), Moonrise Kingdom (2012), and The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014). His greatest commercial successes have been Red Dragon (2002), Kingdom of Heaven (2005), The Incredible Hulk (2008), and The Bourne Legacy (2012). For his role in the black comedy Birdman (2014), Norton earned another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.\nDespite critical plaudits, Norton has gained notoriety for being difficult to work with, including incidents such as editing the final cuts and rewriting screenplays against the will of other producers. He is discreet about his personal life and has expressed no interest in being a celebrity. Outside of acting and filmmaking, he is an environmental activist and social entrepreneur. He is a trustee of Enterprise Community Partners, a non-profit organization which advocates for affordable housing, and serves as president of the American branch of the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust. He is also the UN Goodwill Ambassador for Biodiversity. He is married to Canadian film producer Shauna Robertson, with whom he has one child.", "Q323301": "The Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch, also known as the Antiochian Orthodox Church and legally as the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East (Arabic: \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u200e, romanized: Ba\u1e6driyarkiyyat \u02beAn\u1e6d\u0101kiya wa-S\u0101\u02beir al-Ma\u0161riq li-r-R\u016bm al-\u02beUr\u1e6f\u016b\u1e0fuks, lit. 'Romaean/Byzantine Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East'), is an autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church within the wider communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Headed by the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, it considers itself the successor to the Christian community founded in Antioch by the Apostles Peter and Paul.", "Q1359864": "Alexandre-Fran\u00e7ois Desportes (24 February 1661 \u2014 20 April 1743) was a French painter and decorative designer who specialised in animals.\nDesportes was born in Champigneulle, Ardennes. He studied in Paris, in the studio of the Flemish painter Nicasius Bernaerts, a pupil of Frans Snyders. During a brief sojourn in Poland, 1695\u201396, he painted portraits of John III Sobieski and Polish aristocrats; after the king's death Desportes returned to Paris, convinced that he should specialise in animals and flowers. He was received by the Acad\u00e9mie de peinture et de sculpture in 1699, with the Self-Portrait in Hunting Dress now in the Mus\u00e9e du Louvre. In 1712\u201313 he spent six months in England. He received many commissions for decorative panels for the royal ch\u00e2teaux: Versailles, Marly, Meudon, Compi\u00e8gne and, his last royal commission, for Louis XV at Choisy, 1742. He also did decorative paintings for the duc de Bourbon at Chantilly. Both Louis XIV and Louis XV commissioned portraits of their favorite hunting dogs.\nDesportes would follow the royal hunt with a small notebook he carried to make on-site sketches for still lives of the game that resulted from the day's hunt, for the king to make a choice of which were to be worked up into finished paintings. In several paintings he combined game with a buffet of spectacular pieces of silver as they might be displayed in a dining room; these are precious documents of the lost silver of the reign of Louis XIV.\nHis details of trophies of game or animals were used in cartoons for tapestry in which work of several painters was combined, woven at the Savonnerie and at the Gobelins (Porti\u00e8re de Diane, Louvre). For the Gobelins he designed the series of tapestries called Les Nouvelles Indes.\nAt his death, in Paris, he left a considerable amount of work in his studio (where his nephew Nicolas had trained), which included studies of animals and plants as well as some fox-hunting sketches by Jan Fyt. In 1784, the comte d'Angiviller, general director of the B\u00e2timents du Roi acquired these resources for painter's models at the manufactory of S\u00e8vres porcelain, so that Desportes' influence in the iconography of French arts extended almost throughout the century.", "Q526022": "Franti\u0161ek K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk (Czech: [\u02c8fra\u0272c\u026a\u0283\u025bk \u02c8kr\u031d\u030a\u026a\u0292i\u02d0k]; July 8, 1847 \u2013 January 22, 1941) was a Czech inventor, electrical engineer, and entrepreneur.", "Q4932763": "Craig Robert Hensgens, known as Bob Hensgens (born January 26, 1955), is a Republican state senator for District 26, which encompasses the Louisiana parishes of Vermilion and portions of Acadia, Lafayette, and St. Landry. Hensgens won a special election on November 6, 2018, for the Senate seat with 60 percent of the vote. Nearly 51 percent of registered voters cast ballots in the senatorial contest. The position opened when Jonathan Perry was elected to the 4F judgeship on the Louisiana Court of Appeal for the Third Circuit.\nPreviously Hensgens was from 2011 to 2018 the state representative for District 47, which encompasses Calcasieu, Cameron, and Vermilion parishes.", "Q328254": "Yevgeny Valerianovich Samoilov (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432) (16 April 1912 in St. Petersburg \u2013 17 February 2006 in Moscow) was a Soviet actor who gained prominence in youthful heroic parts and was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1974. He was the father of Tatiana Samoilova.", "Q441913": "James Remar (born December 31, 1953) is an American actor. He has played Ajax in The Warriors (1979), Albert Ganz in 48 Hrs. (1982), Dutch Schultz in The Cotton Club (1984), Jack Duff in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), Richard in Sex and the City (2002\u20132004), and Harry Morgan, the father of the title character in Dexter (2006\u20132013). Since 2009 he has done voice-over work in ads for Lexus luxury cars. Remar studied acting at the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City.\nRemar's more recent roles include Frank Gordon in Gotham from 2016 to 2019, and since 2018, Peter Gambi in Black Lightning.", "Q12820": "Yvelines (French pronunciation: [ivlin] (listen)) is a department in the region of \u00cele-de-France, France. Located west of Hauts-de-Seine, it had a population of 1,431,808 as of 2016. Its main communes are Versailles, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Mantes-la-Jolie and Rambouillet.", "Q713035": "Clyde Vernon \"Sonny\" Landreth (born February 1, 1951) is an American blues musician from southwest Louisiana who is especially known as a slide guitar player. He was born in Canton, Mississippi, and settled in Lafayette, Louisiana. He lives in Breaux Bridge, Louisiana.", "Q146521": "Sorbs (Upper Sorbian: Serbja, Lower Sorbian: Serby, German: Sorben, also known by their former autonyms Lusatians and Wends) are a West Slavic ethnic group predominantly inhabiting Lusatia, a region divided between Germany (the states of Saxony and Brandenburg) and Poland (the provinces of Lower Silesia and Lubusz). Sorbs traditionally speak the Sorbian languages (also known as \"Wendish\" and \"Lusatian\"), closely related to the Polish, Kashubian, Czech and Slovak. Sorbian is an officially recognized minority language in Germany. Sorbs are linguistically and genetically closest to the Czechs and Poles.Under German rule in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, policies were implemented in an effort to Germanize the Sorbs. These policies reached their climax under the Nazi regime, who denied the existence of the Sorbs as a distinct Slavic people through referring to them as \"Sorbian-speaking Germans\", and persecuted them fiercely. Due to a gradual and increasing assimilation between the 17th and 20th centuries, virtually all Sorbs also spoke German by the late 19th century and much of the recent generations no longer speak the Sorbian language. The community is divided religiously between Roman Catholicism (the majority) and Lutheranism. The former Prime Minister of Saxony, Stanislaw Tillich, is of Sorbian origin.", "Q492593": "Carsten Jensen (born 24 July 1952, Marstal, Denmark) is a Danish author and political columnist. He first earned recognition as a literary critic for the Copenhagen daily, Politiken. His novels, including I Have Seen the World Begin (1996), deal with knowledge of the world. For this novel he won the Danish booksellers award De Gyldne Laurb\u00e6r (The Golden Laurel) in 1996. The year 2006 saw the publication of his novel Vi, de druknede (We, the Drowned), a chronicle about the birth of modern Denmark, seen through the history of his hometown Marstal. \nIn 2009, he was awarded the Olof Palme Prize. In 2012 he was awarded the S\u00f8ren Gyldendal Prize.In 2015, Den f\u00f8rste sten (The First Stone) appeared, a monumental novel about the experiences of a group of Danish soldiers who have volunteered for service in Afghanistan. Through their eyes, we are presented with a wide and disturbing panorama of the war in Afghanistan. As of March 2018, the novel has been translated into German, Der erste Stein, as well as into Norwegian and Swedish. The English translation was released September 1, 2019.\nBibliography\n\nSalg, klasse og d\u00f8d, 1975\nSj\u00e6len sidder i \u00f8jet, 1985\nP\u00e5 en m\u00f8rker\u00e6d klode, 1986\nSouveniers fra 80'erne, 1988\nKannibalernes nadver, 1988\nJorden i munden, 1991\nAf en astmatisk kritikers bekendelser, 1992\nFors\u00f8mmelsernes bog, 1993\nJeg har set verden begynde, 1996\nJeg har h\u00f8rt et stjerneskud, 1997\n\u00c5r to & tre, 1999\nOpr\u00f8ret mod tyngdeloven, 2001\nJorden rundt (2003)\nLivet i Camp Eden (2004)\nDet glemte folk \u2013 en rejse i Burmas gr\u00e6nseland (2004)\nVi, de druknede (2006)\nSidste rejse (2007)\nVi sejlede bare \u2013 virkeligheden bag Vi, de druknede (2009)\nUd (2010)\nDen f\u00f8rste sten (2015)\nKrigen der aldrig ender. News stories from Afghanistan. Co-author: Anders Hammer. (Gyldendal 2016)\nK\u00e6ldermennesker. (Politikens Forlag 2018)", "Q1708162": "Joseph Walker Barr (January 17, 1918 \u2013 February 23, 1996) was an American businessman and politician from Indiana. He served one term in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Secretary of the Treasury from December 21, 1968 until January 20, 1969, in President Lyndon B. Johnson's cabinet. He was a member of the Democratic Party", "Q117008": "Michael Gr\u00e4tzel (born 11 May 1944, in Dorfchemnitz, Saxony, Germany) is a professor at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne where he directs the Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces. He pioneered research on energy and electron transfer reactions in mesoscopic-materials and their optoelectronic applications. He co-invented with Brian O'Regan the Gr\u00e4tzel cell in 1988.Author of over 1000 publications, two books and inventor or co-inventor of over 80 patents, he has been the Mary Upton Visiting Professor at Cornell University and a Distinguished Visiting Professor at the National University of Singapore, and is currently a Distinguished Scientist at King Abdulaziz University. He was an Invited Professor at the University of California, Berkeley, the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure Paris-Saclay and Delft University of Technology.\n\n", "Q156732": "Kherson (Ukrainian: \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0301\u043d, IPA: [xer\u02c8s\u0254n] (listen); Russian: \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0301\u043d, IPA: [x\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8son]) is a city in southern Ukraine. It functions as the administrative center of Kherson Oblast (province). Designated as a city of oblast significance. Kherson is an important port on the Black Sea and on the Dnieper River, and the home of a major ship-building industry. As of 2015 it had a population of 294,941\u2009(2015 est.).\nSince 2014, Kherson has housed the office of the Ukrainian President's representative in the Crimea, which is headed by Nataliya Popovych.", "Q108128": "B\u00e4rbel Beuermann (born 16 September 1955) is a German politician (The Left, now SPD), and was a member of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia as a list MP since the state election held on 9 May 2010. She is the joint leader of the party in the Landtag, and is also a member of The Left's national party executive. After the election of 2012 in North Rhine-Westphalia she retired from the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia.\n\n", "Q25054": "G\u00fcnther Kohlmey (27 July 1913 \u2013 25 December 1999) was one of the leading economists in East Germany.", "Q813376": "Beaufort ( BEW-f\u0259rt, a different pronunciation from that used by the city with the same name in North Carolina) is a city in and the county seat of Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States. Chartered in 1711, it is the second-oldest city in South Carolina, behind Charleston. The city's population was 12,361 in the 2010 census. It is a primary city within the Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nBeaufort is located on Port Royal Island, in the heart of the Sea Islands and South Carolina Lowcountry. The city is renowned for its scenic location and for maintaining a historic character by preservation of its antebellum architecture. The prominent role of Beaufort and the surrounding Sea Islands during the Reconstruction era after the U.S. Civil War is memorialized by the Reconstruction Era National Monument which was established in 2017. The city is also known for its military establishments, being located in close proximity to Parris Island and a U.S. naval hospital, in addition to being home of the Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort.\nThe city has been featured in the New York Times, and named \"Best Small Southern Town\" by Southern Living, a \"Top 25 Small City Arts Destination\" by American Style, and a \"Top 50 Adventure Town\" by National Geographic Adventure.", "Q25732": "\u00d6rebro ( UR-\u0259-BROO, Swedish: [\u0153r\u025b\u02c8bru\u02d0] (listen)) is a city with 124,027 inhabitants, the seat of \u00d6rebro Municipality and the capital of \u00d6rebro County in Sweden. It is the sixth largest city in Sweden and one of the largest inland hubs of the country. It is located near the lake of Hj\u00e4lmaren, although a few kilometres inland along the small river Svart\u00e5n.\n\u00d6rebro is home to \u00d6rebro University, a major university hospital, a medieval castle, the water park Gustavsvik as well as several large shopping malls and the Oset-Rynningeviken nature reserve at the lakefront.", "Q392904": "The Polytechnic University of Milan (Politecnico di Milano) is the largest technical university in Italy, with about 42,000 students. \nThe university offers undergraduate, graduate and higher education courses in engineering, architecture and design. \nFounded in 1863, it is the oldest university in Milan.\nThe Polytechnic University of Milan has two main campuses in the city of Milan, Italy, where the majority of the research and teaching activities are located, as well as other satellite campuses in five other cities across the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions. \nThe central offices and headquarters are located in the historical campus of Citt\u00e0 Studi in Milan, which is also the largest, active since 1927.\nAccording to the QS World University Rankings for subject area 'Engineering & Technology', it ranked in 2020 as the 20th best in the world. It ranked 6th worldwide for Design, 7th for Civil and Structural Engineering and for Mechanical Engineering and 11th for Architecture. Its notable alumni or professors include Nobel laureate Giulio Natta, novelist Carlo Emilio Gadda and architects Renzo Piano and Aldo Rossi.", "Q668493": "Morlanwelz is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut. On 1 January 2006 Morlanwelz had a total population of 18,595. The total area is 20.26 km\u00b2 which gives a population density of 918 inhabitants per km\u00b2. Its postcode is 7140.\nThe Morlanwelz municipality includes the old municipalities of Morlanwelz-Mariemont, Carni\u00e8res, and Mont-Sainte-Aldegonde.", "Q64008": "Heino Ferch (born 18 August 1963) is a German film, theatre and television actor.", "Q466412": "South of the Border, West of the Sun (\u56fd\u5883\u306e\u5357\u3001\u592a\u967d\u306e\u897f, Kokky\u014d no Minami, Taiy\u014d no Nishi) is a short novel by Japanese author Haruki Murakami.", "Q65316": "Meisterschwanden is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q167289": "Michael Jan Friedman (born March 7, 1955) is a New York City born American author of nearly sixty books of fiction and nonfiction, more than half of which are in licensed tie-in products of the Star Trek franchise. Ten of his titles have appeared on the New York Times Best Seller list. Friedman has also written for network and cable television, radio, more than 150 comic books, most of them for DC Comics.", "Q109550": "Dieter Salomon (born 9 August 1960 in Melbourne, Australia) is a German politician and was mayor of Freiburg im Breisgau for two terms from 2002 until 2018. He is a member of the Alliance '90/The Greens.", "Q2474757": "Dirk van de Put (born 1959/60) is a Belgian businessman, and the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Mondelez International, since November 2017. He also became chairman in April 2018.\n\n", "Q328532": "Paul Zukofsky (October 22, 1943 \u2013 June 6, 2017) was an American violinist and conductor known for his work in the field of contemporary classical music.", "Q62479": "Ernst Baier (27 September 1905 in Zittau, Saxony, Germany \u2013 8 July 2001 in Garmisch, Bavaria, Germany) was a German figure skater who competed in pair skating and single skating. He became Olympic pair champion in 1936 together with Maxi Herber. The duo also won several World and European championships.\nErnst Baier skated for the club Berliner SC. He also enjoyed success as a single skater. He won silver at European, World and Olympic games in singles.\nMaxi Herber and Ernst Baier revolutionized pair skating by performing the first side by side jumps in competition.\nAfter the Second World War they skated in ice revues. Later the couple owned a business.\nMaxi Herber and Ernst Baier married after their skating career in 1940. They had 3 children. In 1964 they were divorced.\nOn 15 May 1965 he married the Swedish figure skater Birgitta Wennstr\u00f6m (born 10 November 1935 in Enskede, Stockholm, Sweden) known by the stage name \"Topsy\" from Holiday on Ice together with her partner Steve. They had a daughter in 1968, but divorced in 1973.\nSome years later he remarried Maxi Herber, but they later divorced again.", "Q158079": "Ki\u010devo (Macedonian: \u041a\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e [\u02c8kit\u0283\u025bv\u0254] (listen); Albanian: K\u00ebr\u00e7ov\u00eb; Turkish: K\u0131r\u00e7ova) is a city in the western part of the Republic of North Macedonia, located in a valley in the south-eastern slopes of Mount Bistra, between the cities of Ohrid and Gostivar. The capital Skopje is 112 km away. The city of Ki\u010devo is the seat of Ki\u010devo Municipality.", "Q1926876": "Sir Michael Barker Nairn, 1st Baronet JP (28 May 1838 - 24 November 1915) was a Scottish industrialist, chairman of Michael Nairn and Company (linoleum manufacturers) founded by his father Michael Nairn.In 1866, he married Emily Frances, daughter of Alfred Rimington Spencer, Weybridge, Surrey. They had three sons and eight daughters.\nHe was created baronet in the 1904 Birthday Honours. On his death the baronetcy passed to his elder surviving son Sir Michael Nairn, 2nd Baronet.", "Q84842": "George Weidenfeld, Baron Weidenfeld, (13 September 1919 \u2013 20 January 2016) was a British publisher, philanthropist, and newspaper columnist. He was also a lifelong Zionist and renowned as a master networker. He was on good terms with popes, prime ministers and presidents and put his connections to good use for diplomatic and philanthropic ends.", "Q30459": "The Dent d'H\u00e9rens (4,174 m) is a mountain in the Pennine Alps, lying on the border between Italy and Switzerland. The mountain lies a few kilometres west of the Matterhorn.\nThe Aosta hut (2,781 m) is used for the normal route.", "Q112616": "Words in Blue (original title: Les Mots bleus) is a 2005 French drama film adapted from the novel Leur histoire by French author Dominique Mainard. The film was adapted and directed by Alain Corneau.", "Q2150364": "Richard Peacock (9 April 1820 \u2013 3 March 1889) was an English engineer, one of the founders of locomotive manufacturer Beyer, Peacock and Company.", "Q71363": "Rudolf Amelunxen (30 June 1888 \u2013 21 April 1969) was a German politician of the Zentrum and the 1st Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia between 23 August 1946 and 17 June 1947. He was born in Cologne and died on 21 April 1969 in Grafschaft Abbey / Schmallenberg.\nFrom 1926 to 1932 he was the regional president of the Westphalian M\u00fcnster Region, however, furloughed after the Putsch in Prussia. On 5 July 1945 the British military government appointed him upper president of the Province of Westphalia, an office he held until Westphalia merged in North Rhine-Westphalia in 1946.\n\n", "Q782738": "Rafael S\u00e1nchez Mazas (February 18, 1894 \u2013 October 1966) was a Spanish nationalist writer and a leader of the Falange, a right-wing political movement created in Spain before the Spanish Civil War.\nS\u00e1nchez Mazas received a law degree at the Real Colegio de Estudios Superiores de Mar\u00eda Cristina, El Escorial and in 1915 published Peque\u00f1as memorias de Tar\u00edn. He then wrote for the magazine Hermes and the newspapers ABC, El Sol and El Pueblo Vasco. His work brought him to Morocco in 1921 (for El Pueblo Vasco) and Rome in 1922 (for ABC). He lived in Italy for seven years and married Liliana Ferlosio. While there he identified with the developing fascist movement.\nReturning to Spain in 1929, he became an advisor for Jos\u00e9 Antonio Primo de Rivera, the main ideologist of the Falange. In 1933, he helped to create the weekly newspaper El Fascio, which was banned by the authorities after its second issue was published.\nAfter the creation of Falange Espa\u00f1ola on October 29, 1933, S\u00e1nchez Mazas was appointed a member of the Council, and he remained an active member up until the breakout of the Civil War (July 1936-April 1939). In February 1934, he wrote Oraci\u00f3n por los muertos de Falange. He also co-wrote Cara al Sol, the anthem of Falange Espa\u00f1ola.\nS\u00e1nchez Mazas was arrested and imprisoned in Madrid in March 1936, as the Falange was outlawed. He was given a short leave on the occasion of the birth of his fourth son, but he failed to report back and instead took up political asylum at the Chilean Embassy in Madrid. In 1937 he attempted to flee the country, but was arrested in Barcelona in November. Confined in the prison-ship Uruguay until January 24, 1939, he was taken for execution with about fifty other inmates to the Monastery of Santa Maria del Collell in Girona.\nThe execution was carried out on January 30, but as the squad fired at the prisoners S\u00e1nchez Mazas leapt out of the group and escaped into the forest. A manhunt was organised and he was found hiding under some bushes shortly after. However, the Republican soldier who found him decided not to report him and spared his life. After a few days he joined the Nationalist lines.", "Q2755047": "Adriano Olivetti (born 11 April 1901 in Ivrea, Piedmont, died 27 February 1960 on a train from Milan to Lausanne) was an Italian engineer, politician and industrialist whose entrepreneurial activity thrived on the idea that profit should be reinvested for the benefits of the whole society. He was son of the founder of Olivetti, Camillo Olivetti, and Luisa Revel, the daughter of a prominent Waldensian pastor and scholar. Adriano Olivetti was known worldwide during his lifetime as the Italian manufacturer of Olivetti typewriters, calculators, and computers.\nOlivetti was an entrepreneur and innovator who transformed shop-like operations into a modern factory. In and out of the factory, he both practiced and preached the utopian system of \"the community movement,\" but he never managed to build a mass following. In his company, apart from managers and technicians, he enrolled a large number of artists like writers and architects, following his deep interest in design and urban and building planning that were closely linked with his personal utopian vision.\nThe Olivetti empire had been begun by his father, Camillo. Initially, the \"factory\", consisting of 30 workers, concentrated on electric measurement devices. By 1908, 25 years after Remington in the United States, Olivetti started to produce typewriters.", "Q2563559": "Cocksucker Blues is an unreleased documentary film directed by the still photographer Robert Frank chronicling The Rolling Stones American Tour 1972 in support of their album Exile on Main St.", "Q85584": "Richard Buchta (19 January 1845 \u2013 29 July 1894) was an Austrian explorer, born in Radlow, Galicia. In 1877 he visited Khartum, where Chinese Gordon, then Governor-General, facilitated his journey to Emin Pasha at Lad\u00f3, on the Upper Nile. \nIn 1885 he made another tour through Egypt and the desert to Fayum. He was a collaborator on the first volume of Wilhelm Junker's work on Africa and published: Die obern Nill\u00e4nder, etc., with 160 photographic views (1881); Der Sudan und der Mahdi, Das Land, die Bewohner und der Aufstand (1884); and Der Sudan unter \u00e4gyptischer Herrschaft (1888).", "Q981166": "James Brooks (November 10, 1810 \u2013 April 30, 1873) was a U.S. Representative from New York during the latter half of the American Civil War.", "Q152232": "Womanlight (French: Clair de femme) is a 1979 film by Costa-Gavras based on the 1977 novel Clair de femme by Romain Gary.", "Q67501": "Quinto is a municipality in the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q954997": "Robert Michael Nesmith (born December 30, 1942) is an American musician, songwriter, actor, producer, novelist, businessman, and philanthropist, best known as a member of the pop rock band the Monkees and co-star of the TV series The Monkees (1966\u20131968). Nesmith's songwriting credits include \"Different Drum\" (sung by Linda Ronstadt with the Stone Poneys).\nAfter the break-up of the Monkees, Nesmith continued his successful songwriting and performing career, first with the seminal country rock group the First National Band, with whom he had a top-40 hit, \"Joanne\", and then as a solo artist. He is a noted player of the 12-string guitar, performing on custom-built 12-string electric guitars with the Monkees (built by Gretsch) and various 12-string acoustic models during his post-Monkees career.\nHe is also an executive producer of the cult film Repo Man (1984). In 1981, Nesmith won the first Grammy Award given for Video of the Year for his hour-long television show, Elephant Parts.", "Q295919": "Samuel Cook (January 22, 1931 \u2013 December 11, 1964), known professionally as Sam Cooke, was an American singer, songwriter, civil-rights activist and entrepreneur.\nInfluential as a singer, composer, and producer, he is commonly known as the King of Soul for his distinctive vocals and importance within popular music. He began singing as a kid and joined the Soul Stirrers before moving to a solo career where he scored a string of hit songs including \"You Send Me\", \"A Change Is Gonna Come\", \"Cupid\", \"Wonderful World\", \"Chain Gang\", \"Twistin' the Night Away\", and \"Bring It On Home to Me\".\nHis pioneering contributions to soul music contributed to the rise of Aretha Franklin, Bobby Womack, Al Green, Curtis Mayfield, Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, and Billy Preston, and popularized the likes of Otis Redding and James Brown. AllMusic biographer Bruce Eder wrote that Cooke was \"the inventor of soul music\", and possessed \"an incredible natural singing voice and a smooth, effortless delivery that has never been surpassed\".On December 11, 1964, at the age of 33, Cooke was shot and killed by Bertha Franklin, the manager of the Hacienda Motel in Los Angeles, California. After an inquest and investigation carried out by the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), the courts ruled Cooke's death to be a justifiable homicide. Since that time, the circumstances of his death have been called into question by Cooke's family.", "Q31747": "The Irish Free State (Irish: Saorst\u00e1t \u00c9ireann, pronounced [\u02c8s\u02e0i\u02d0\u027e\u02e0s\u02e0t\u032a\u02e0a\u02d0t\u032a\u02e0 \u02c8e\u02d0\u027e\u02b2\u0259n\u032a\u02e0], English: SAIR-staht AIR-\u0259n; 6 December 1922 \u2013 29 December 1937) was a state established in 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921. That treaty ended the three-year Irish War of Independence between the forces of the self-proclaimed Irish Republic, the Irish Republican Army (IRA); and British Crown forces.\nThe Free State was established as a Dominion of the British Commonwealth of Nations. It comprised 26 of the 32 counties of Ireland. Northern Ireland, which comprised the remaining six counties, exercised its right under the Treaty to opt out of the new state. The Free State government consisted of the Governor-General, the representative of the King, and the Executive Council (cabinet), which replaced both the revolutionary D\u00e1il Government and the Provisional Government set up under the Treaty. W. T. Cosgrave, who had led both of these governments since August 1922, became the first President of the Executive Council (prime minister). The Oireachtas or legislature consisted of D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann (the lower house) and Seanad \u00c9ireann, also known as the Senate. Members of the D\u00e1il were required to take an Oath of Allegiance to the Constitution of the Free State and to declare fidelity to the king. The oath was a key issue for opponents of the Treaty, who refused to take the oath and therefore did not take their seats. Pro-Treaty members, who formed Cumann na nGaedheal in 1923, held an effective majority in the D\u00e1il from 1922 to 1927, and thereafter ruled as a minority government until 1932.\nIn 1931, with the passage of the Statute of Westminster, the Parliament of the United Kingdom relinquished nearly all of its remaining authority to legislate for the Free State and the other dominions. This had the effect of making the dominions fully sovereign states. The Free State thus became the first internationally recognised independent Irish state.\nIn the first months of the Free State, the Irish Civil War was waged between the newly established National Army and the anti-Treaty IRA, who refused to recognise the state. The Civil War ended in victory for the government forces, with the anti-Treaty forces dumping their arms in May 1923. The anti-Treaty political party, Sinn F\u00e9in, refused to take its seats in the D\u00e1il, leaving the relatively small Labour Party as the only opposition party. In 1926, when Sinn F\u00e9in president \u00c9amon de Valera failed to have this policy reversed, he resigned from Sinn F\u00e9in and founded Fianna F\u00e1il. Fianna F\u00e1il entered the D\u00e1il following the 1927 general election, and entered government after the 1932 general election, when it became the largest party.\nDe Valera abolished the Oath of Allegiance and embarked on an economic war with the UK. In 1937 he drafted a new constitution, which was passed by a referendum in July of that year. The Free State came to an end with the coming into force of a new constitution on 29 December 1937 when the state took the name \"Ireland\".", "Q1700270": "Martin Brambach (born 28 October 1967, in Dresden) is a German actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films since 1988. He played minor roles in the Academy Award-winning films The Lives of Others, The Counterfeiters and The Reader, and worked with internationally known directors like Michael Haneke and Thomas Vinterberg.\nBrambach lives in Recklinghausen with actress Christine Sommer, and their daughters and son.\n\n", "Q1885893": "Michael Bilirakis (born July 16, 1930) is an American politician and lawyer from Florida. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives since 1983 until 2007, representing the 9th District of Florida.", "Q983981": "Roger Eugene Ailes (May 15, 1940 \u2013 May 18, 2017) was an American television executive and media consultant. He was the chairman and CEO of Fox News, Fox Television Stations and 20th Television, from which he resigned in July of 2016 after allegations of sexual assault were made by 23 women. Ailes was a media consultant for Republican presidents Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, and George H. W. Bush, and for Rudy Giuliani's first mayoral campaign. In 2016, he became an adviser to the Donald Trump campaign, where he assisted with debate preparation.\nAiles suffered from hemophilia, a medical condition in which the body is impaired in its ability to produce blood clots. He died on May 18, 2017 at the age of 77 after suffering a subdural hematoma that was aggravated by his hemophilia.", "Q10301844": "In the Days of Daniel Boone is a 1923 American silent Western film serial directed by William James Craft. The film is considered to be lost. A trailer is included in the DVD More Treasures from American Film Archives, 1894-1931: 50 Films.", "Q280482": "Madalena Luc\u00edlia Igl\u00e9sias do Vale de Oliveira (born Madalena Luc\u00edlia Igl\u00e9sias Doval; 24 October 1939, Santa Catarina, Lisbon, Portugal \u2013 16 January 2018, Barcelona, Spain) was a Portuguese actress and singer. She represented Portugal at the Eurovision Song Contest 1966, with the song \"Ele e ela\".\n\n", "Q1058532": "Chad Brock (born July 31, 1963) is an American country music singer and disc jockey. Before beginning his musical career in the late 1990s, he was a professional wrestler in World Championship Wrestling (WCW), until an injury forced him to retire.\nBrock signed to Warner Bros. Records' Nashville division in the late 1990s, releasing three studio albums \u2014 1998's Chad Brock, 2000's Yes!, and 2001's III \u2014 for WB. Those albums, overall, produced seven singles on the Billboard country music charts, including the number-one hit \"Yes!\" and the Top Five \"Ordinary Life\". Brock parted company with Warner Bros. in 2002, and signed to Broken Bow Records a year later; although he released five singles for them (of which four charted), his album for Broken Bow was not released, and he left that label as well.\nBrock also began a career in the late 2000s as a disc jockey at WQYK-FM in Tampa, Florida, where he and parody singer Cledus T. Judd co-host a morning show.\n\n", "Q89396": "Ursula Plassnik (born 23 May 1956) is an Austrian diplomat and politician. She was Foreign Minister of Austria between October 2004 and December 2008. She is currently Austrian ambassador to Switzerland (2016-).\n\n", "Q383821": "Janne \"Loffe\" Carlsson (12 March 1937 \u2013 31 August 2017), sometimes credited as Janne Carlsson, Jan Carlsson or Janne Karlsson, was a Swedish film and television actor and musician.", "Q72642": "Charlotte Luise Antoinette von Schiller, born Charlotte von Lengefeld (22 November 1766 \u2013 9 July 1826) was the wife of German poet Friedrich Schiller.", "Q320146": "L\u00e9o Ferr\u00e9 (24 August 1916 \u2013 14 July 1993) was a French-born Mon\u00e9gasque poet and composer, and a dynamic and controversial live performer, whose career in France dominated the years after the Second World War until his death. He released some forty albums over this period, composing the music and the majority of the lyrics. He released many hit singles, particularly between 1960 and the mid-seventies. Some of his songs have become classics of the French chanson repertoire, including \"Avec le temps\", \"C'est extra\", \"Jolie M\u00f4me\" and \"Paris canaille\".", "Q1770797": "John William Chancellor (July 14, 1927 \u2013 July 12, 1996) was an American journalist who spent most of his career with NBC News. He is considered a pioneer in TV news. He served as anchor of the NBC Nightly News from 1970 to 1982 and continued to do editorials and commentaries for NBC Nightly News with Tom Brokaw until 1993.", "Q76424": "Louis Schmeisser (5 February 1848, Z\u00f6llnitz \u2013 23 March 1917) was one of the best-known weapon technical designers of Europe. He is associated with the development and production of the Bergmann machine guns used during the First World War. He designed the Dreyse 1907 Pistol which was used in both World Wars.\nSchmeisser was born in Z\u00f6llnitz, Saxe-Altenburg. He was the father of Hugo Schmeisser (1884\u20131953), who was also a famous designer of infantry weapons, including the StG 44. His other son, Hans Schmeisser, was also a well-known weaponry designer.", "Q67529": "Maria B\u00f6hmer (born 23 April 1950) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Under the leadership of successive ministers Frank-Walter Steinmeier (2013-2017) and Sigmar Gabriel (2017), she served as Minister of State in the Federal Foreign Office, primarily responsible for cultural relations and education policy.", "Q229176": "Kristin Landen Davis (also listed as Kristin Lee Davis; born February 23, 1965) is an American actress. She is known for playing Brooke Armstrong on the soap opera Melrose Place (1995\u20131996), and Charlotte York Goldenblatt on HBO's Sex and the City (1998\u20132004). She received nominations at the Emmys and the Golden Globes in 2004 for her role as Charlotte, and reprised the role in the films Sex and the City (2008) and Sex and the City 2 (2010). She has accomplished a great deal of philanthropic work and has worked with Oxfam and UNHCR throughout the years.\nDavis made her Broadway debut playing Mabel Cantwell in the 2012 revival of The Best Man, and her West End debut playing Beth Gallagher in the original 2014 stage production of Fatal Attraction.", "Q817138": "Electronica encompasses a broad group of electronic-based styles such as techno, house, ambient, jungle and other electronic music styles intended not just for dancing.", "Q231739": "Emmanuelle Frederique Vaugier (, voh-zhee-AY; born June 23, 1976) is a Canadian film and television actress. Vaugier has had recurring roles as Detective Jessica Angell on CSI: NY, Mia on Two and a Half Men, Dr. Helen Bryce on Smallville, FBI Special Agent Emma Barnes on Human Target, and as The Morrigan on Lost Girl. In feature films, Vaugier has appeared alongside Michael Caine and Robert Duvall in Secondhand Lions. She appeared as Addison Corday in Saw II and IV, and had a supporting role in the Josh Hartnett film 40 Days and 40 Nights.", "Q236056": "M\u012br\u0101 Anwar \u2018Awa\u1e0d (Arabic: \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u200e, Hebrew: \u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d5\u05d3\u200e; born June 11, 1975) is an Arab-Israeli singer, actress, and songwriter.\nIn 2009, she represented Israel at the Eurovision Song Contest along with Israeli Jewish singer Achinoam Nini, singing There Must Be Another Way. She was the first Israeli Arab to represent Israel at Eurovision, singing the first Israeli Eurovision song with Arabic lyrics.", "Q4181": "Gummersbach is a town in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, being the district seat of the Oberbergischer Kreis. It is located 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Cologne. The town is famous for its first league handball team VfL Gummersbach.\n\n", "Q1111640": "Colorado State University (Colorado State or CSU) is a public research university in Fort Collins, Colorado. The university is the state's land grant university and the flagship university of the Colorado State University System.\nIn 2004, enrollment was approximately 33,877 students, including resident and non-resident instruction students. The university has approximately 2,000 faculty in eight colleges and 55 academic departments. Bachelor's degrees are offered in 65 fields of study, with master's degrees in 55 fields. Colorado State confers doctoral degrees in 40 fields of study, in addition to a professional degree in veterinary medicine.In fiscal year 2017, CSU spent $338.4 million on research and development, ranking 70th in the nation overall and 41st when excluding medical school spending. CSU graduates include Pulitzer Prize winners, astronauts, CEOs, and two former governors of Colorado.\n\n", "Q325758": "The Old and the Young King (German: Der alte und der junge K\u00f6nig) is a 1935 German historical drama film by Hans Steinhoff starring Emil Jannings, Werner Hinz and Leopoldine Konstantin.The film's sets were designed by the art directors Fritz Maurischat and Karl Weber. It was produced by a subsidiary of Tobis Film. Location shooting took place around Potsdam, including at the Garrison Church. Interiors were shot at the Grunewald and Johannisthal Studios. It premiered at the Ufa-Palast am Zoo.\nPart of the tradition of Prussian films of the Weimar and Nazi eras, the film ostensibly deals with the intense conflict between Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I and his son and heir, Crown Prince Friedrich \u2013 the future King Friedrich II \"The Great\". This is a well-known incident of 18th century German history, which had drawn much public attention in the time itself, and been artistically treated before.\nHowever, in its specific presentation of this historical theme, the film was clearly seen to be a work of Nazi propaganda aimed at extolling the F\u00fchrerprinzip, i.e. blind obedience to the Leader (the King in the film's plot, Hitler in the reality for which the film was a parable); complaints of \"encirclement\" and the need for Lebensraum also feature.For that reason, the film was banned by the Allied military government following the Nazi defeat in 1945. However, after the foundation of the Federal Republic of Germany the FSK (\"Voluntary Self Regulation of the Movie Industry\") subjected it to a test on 4 August 1958 and ruled that, unlike other films made under the Nazis, the propaganda element in it was not so blatant as to justify its inclusion in the list of \"Forbidden Films\" (de:Vorbehaltsfilm).", "Q465655": "Stacy Madeleine Schiff (born October 26, 1961) is an American former editor, essayist, and author of five biographies; her biography of Vera Nabokov, the wife and muse of Russia/American novelist Vladimir Nabokov won the 2000 Pulitzer Prize in biography. \nSchiff has also written biographies of French aviator and author of The Little Prince. Antoine de Saint-Exup\u00e9ry, colonial American-era polymath and prime mover of America's founding, Benjamin Franklin, ancient Egyptian queen Cleopatra, and the important figures and events of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692\u201393 in colonial Massachusetts.", "Q546926": "Doris Kareva (28 November 1958) is an Estonian poet and translator. She serves as the head of the Estonian National Commission in UNESCO.", "Q1368449": "Andre Louis Hicks (July 5, 1970 \u2013 November 1, 2004), better known by his stage name Mac Dre, was an American rapper, hip hop pioneer, and record producer based in Vallejo, California. He was instrumental in the emergence of hyphy, a cultural movement in the Bay Area hip hop scene that emerged in the early 2000s. Hicks is considered one of the movement's key pioneers that fueled its popularity into mainstream, releasing songs with fast-paced rhymes and basslines that inspired a new style of dance. As the founder of the independent record label Thizz Entertainment, Hicks recorded dozens of albums and gave aspiring rappers an outlet to release albums locally.In 2004, Hicks was killed by an unknown assailant after a performance in Kansas City, Missouri, a case that remains unsolved.", "Q76342": "Katja Kipping (born 18 January 1978) is a German socialist politician of The Left and member of the Bundestag representing Saxony. She has been co-chairperson of The Left since 2012, alongside Bernd Riexinger.\n\n", "Q28558": "Patricia Navidad (Spanish pronunciation: [pa\u02c8t\u027eisja na\u03b2i\u02c8\u00f0a\u00f0]; born Ana Patricia Navidad Lara on May 20, 1973) is a Mexican actress and singer.", "Q353816": "Lieutenant Colonel Sir Francis Edward Younghusband, (31 May 1863 \u2013 31 July 1942) was a British Army officer, explorer, and spiritual writer. He is remembered for his travels in the Far East and Central Asia; especially the 1904 British expedition to Tibet, led by himself, and for his writings on Asia and foreign policy. Younghusband held positions including British commissioner to Tibet and President of the Royal Geographical Society.", "Q283835": "Carcass are an English extreme metal band from Liverpool, which was formed in 1985. The band have gone through several line-up changes, leaving guitarist Bill Steer and bassist and vocalist Jeff Walker as the only constant members. They broke up in 1996, but reformed in 2007 without one of its original members, drummer Ken Owen, due to health reasons. To date, the band have released six studio albums, two compilation albums, four EPs, two demo albums, one video album, and six music videos.\nCarcass are regarded as pioneers of the goregrind genre. Their early work was also tagged as \"splatter death metal\", and \"hardgore\" on account of their morbid lyrics and gruesome album covers. They also became one of the pioneers of melodic death metal with their 1993 album Heartwork.The band's lyrics often focus on animal rights issues. Walker and Steer are both vegetarians. Steer used to be vegan and Walker was a hunt saboteur.", "Q699442": "Du Yuesheng (22 August 1888 \u2013 16 August 1951), also known by Dou Yu-Seng or Tu Yueh-sheng or Du Yueh-sheng, nicknamed \"Big-Eared Du\", was a Chinese mob boss who spent much of his life in Shanghai. He was a key supporter of Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang in their battle against the Communists in the 1920s, and was a figure of some importance during the Second Sino-Japanese War. After the Chinese Civil War and the Kuomintang's retreat to Taiwan, Du went into exile in Hong Kong and remained there until his death in 1951.", "Q79071": "David Vogel (May 15, 1891\u20131944) was a Ukrainian-born Hebrew poet, novelist, and diarist.", "Q431204": "Tonya Kinzinger is an American dancer, model and actress who has attained fame in France.", "Q608429": "Anton\u00edn Jaroslav Liehm (born March 2, 1924 in Prague) is a Czech-born writer, publisher, translator, and scholar residing in Paris.In 1984, Anton\u00edn J. Liehm founded the European culture magazine Lettre International. The French version ceased publication in 1993, but some of its many offspring remain in publication. Notably, the German version of the magazine has come out continuously since its foundation in 1988.", "Q72124": "Peretz Naftali (Hebrew: \u05e4\u05e8\u05e5 \u05e0\u05e4\u05ea\u05dc\u05d9\u200e, born Fritz Naftali, 19 March 1888 \u2013 30 April 1961) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician who served in several ministerial portfolios in the 1950s.", "Q148524": "Zewditu (also spelled Zawditu or Zauditu or Z\u00e4wditu; Ge'ez: \u12d8\u12cd\u12f2\u1271; born Askala Maryam; 29 April 1876 \u2013 2 April 1930) was Empress of Ethiopia from 1916 to 1930. The first female head of an internationally recognized country in Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the first empress regnant of the Ethiopian Empire, her reign was noted for the reforms of her Regent and designated heir Ras Tafari Makonnen (who succeeded her as Emperor Haile Selassie I), about which she was at best ambivalent and often stridently opposed, due to her staunch conservatism and strong religious devotion. As of 2020 she is the most recent empress regnant in history.", "Q1189169": "Vincent Laresca (born January 21, 1974) is an American actor.\nLaresca first appeared in film in the 1992 movie, Juice as Radames. Since then, he has appeared in many popular films, including The Devil's Advocate, The Aviator, Empire, Coach Carter, The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift and Baz Luhrmann's William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet.\nIn 1997, he had a supporting role in the short-lived Fox ensemble drama 413 Hope St. He has also had major supporting roles on 24, CSI: Miami and Weeds. In 2013 Laresca took on a role as a Mexican federale and the hit man Jangles in the show Graceland. \nIn 2016 Laresca had a main role in NBC's Shades of Blue as NYPD Detective Carlos Espada.", "Q101642": "Hilde Meisel (July 31, 1914 \u2013 April 17, 1945) was a German socialist and journalist who published articles against the Nazi regime in Germany. While in exile in England, she wrote under the pseudonym Hilda Monte, calling for German resistance to Nazism in magazines, books and in radio broadcasts. She acted as a courier and repeatedly undertook secret operations in Germany, Austria, France and Portugal, although as a social democrat and Jew, it was extremely dangerous for her to do so. Other code names she used in exile were Hilde Olday, Selma Trier, Helen Harriman, Eva Schneider, H. Monte, Hilda Monte and Hilde Monte.", "Q366675": "Silentium is a 2004 Austrian film based on a novel by Wolf Haas.\n\n", "Q336042": "Aburizal Bakrie (born 15 November 1946) is an Indonesian politician, and widely recognised as successful businessmen in Indonesia. From 2004 until 2005 Bakrie served as Indonesia's Coordinating Minister for Economy. From 2005 until 2009 he served as Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare. Since 2009, Bakrie served as the Chairman of the Golkar Party up to late 2014, and resumed chairmanship in May 2015.", "Q75893": "Botho Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein (His Serene Highness Prince Botho of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein) (16 February 1927 in Eisenach \u2013 27 January 2008 in Salzburg) was a German politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Union and represented the party in the Bundestag from 1965 to 1980. He first gained a direct mandate as representative of Siegen-Wittgenstein and subsequently was elected from the land list.\nHe served as president of the German Red Cross between 1982 and 1994.", "Q63029": "Guildo Horn (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u026aldo \u02c8h\u0254\u0281n]; born 15 February 1963 in Trier as Horst K\u00f6hler) is a German Schlager singer. He is mainly famous for his eccentric stage persona, which includes outrageous clothes and very extroverted antics.\nAt the Eurovision Song Contest 1998, he was seventh with the song \"Guildo hat euch lieb!\" (Guildo loves you!).", "Q326251": "Ben Daglish (31 July 1966 \u2013 1 October 2018) was an English composer and musician. Born in London, his parents moved to Sheffield when he was one year old. He was known for creating many soundtracks for home computer games during the 1980s, including such as The Last Ninja, Trap, and Deflektor. Daglish teamed up with fellow C64 musician and prolific programmer Tony Crowther, forming W.E.M.U.S.I.C., which stood for \"We Make Use of Sound in Computers\". Daglish had attended the same school as Crowther. Daglish mostly worked freelance but was employed by Gremlin Graphics for a couple of years.", "Q1143660": "Hitonari Tsuji (\u8fbb \u4ec1\u6210, Tsuji Hitonari, born October 4, 1959) is a Tokyo-born Japanese writer, composer, and film director. In his film and singing work he uses the name Jinsei Tsuji, an alternative reading of the Japanese writing of his name. He debuted as a writer in 1989. His books and stories have been bestsellers in Japan as well as overseas, with his work being translated into 20 languages and selling over ten million copies.His books Calmi Cuori Appassionati Blu (1999) and Good Bye See You Someday (2001). He is also a film director and his films include Hotoke (\u307b\u3068\u3051) (2001) and Filament (\u30d5\u30a4\u30e9\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8) (2001) were officially presented at the 51st Berlin International Film Festival and the 37th Czech Karlovy Vary International Film Festival where he won the honorary awards.He launched the web magazine Design Stories and became its chief editor in October 2016.", "Q88922": "Franz Friedrich Wilhelm von F\u00fcrstenberg (7 August 1729 in Schloss Herdringen \u2013 16 September 1810 in M\u00fcnster) was a German politician and the most important statesman in the Principality of M\u00fcnster in the second half of the 18th century. F\u00fcrstenberg was committed to a cautious and enlightened course of reform.", "Q382295": "Marcus Paul Blucas (born January 11, 1972) is an American actor, known for playing Riley Finn in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Matthew Donnelly in Necessary Roughness and recently, abolitionist John Hawkes in Underground. Prior to his acting career, he was known for playing college basketball with the Wake Forest Demon Deacons.", "Q62323": "Werner Schroeter (7 April 1945 \u2013 12 April 2010) was a German film director, screenwriter, and opera director known for his stylistic excess. Schroeter was cited by Rainer Werner Fassbinder as an influence both on his own work and on German cinema at large.", "Q477245": "Albert Johnson (March 5, 1869 \u2013 January 17, 1957) was an American politician who served as the U.S. Representative from Washington's third congressional district from 1915 to 1933.", "Q359491": "Lucas York Black (born November 29, 1982) is an American film and television actor. He is best known for his roles in the CBS television series American Gothic (1995\u20131996) as well as roles in films such as Sling Blade (1996), Flash (1997), Crazy in Alabama (1999), All the Pretty Horses (2000), Friday Night Lights (2004), Jarhead (2005), The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006), Get Low (2009), Legion (2010), and Seven Days in Utopia (2011). Beginning in 2014, he portrayed Special Agent Christopher LaSalle on CBS's NCIS: New Orleans until early in the sixth season.", "Q482964": "Depeche Mode () are an English electronic music band formed in Basildon, Essex in 1980. The group as of now consists of a trio of Dave Gahan (lead vocals and co-songwriting), Martin Gore (keyboards, guitar, co-lead vocals and main songwriting), and Andy Fletcher (keyboards).\nDepeche Mode released their debut album Speak & Spell in 1981, bringing the band onto the British new wave scene. Founding member Vince Clarke left after the release of the album; they recorded A Broken Frame as a trio. Gore took over as main songwriter and, later in 1982, Alan Wilder replaced Clarke, establishing a lineup that continued for 13 years.\nThe band's last albums of the 1980s, Black Celebration and Music for the Masses, established them as a dominant force within the electronic music scene. A highlight of this era was the band's June 1988 concert at the Pasadena Rose Bowl, where they drew a crowd in excess of 60,000 people. In early 1990, they released Violator, an international mainstream success. The following album, Songs of Faith and Devotion, released in 1993, was also a success, though internal struggles within the band during recording and touring resulted in Wilder's departure in 1995.\nDepeche Mode has had 54 songs in the UK Singles Chart and 17 top 10 albums in the UK chart; they have sold more than 100 million records worldwide. Q included the band in the list of the \"50 Bands That Changed the World!\". Depeche Mode also ranks number 98 on VH1's \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\". In December 2016, Billboard named Depeche Mode the 10th most successful dance club artist of all time. They were nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2017 and 2018, and will be inducted as part of the Class of 2020.", "Q97802": "Leopold Kaufmann (13 March 1821 \u2013 27 February 1898) was a German politician. Brother of the poet and folklorist Alexander Kaufmann, he became Chief Burgomaster of Bonn.", "Q288974": "Richard John Philip Jermy Gwyn, (born May 26, 1934) is a retired Canadian journalist, author, historian, and former civil servant.", "Q120698": "Heinrich August Alexander Wilhelm von Werther (born 7 August 1772 in K\u00f6nigsberg; died 7 December 1859 in Berlin) was a Prussian diplomat and Foreign Minister from 1837 to 1841.", "Q44482": "Dalip Singh Rana (born 27 August 1972), better known by the ring name The Great Khali, is an Indian-born American professional wrestler, promoter, model, and actor.\nA professional wrestler since 2000, Rana was most notably associated with WWE from 2006 to 2014 where he performed under the name of \"The Great Khali\". After becoming WWE's World Heavyweight Champion in July 2007, he became the first Indian World champion in WWE history.\nBefore embarking on his professional wrestling career, he was an officer for the Punjab Police. He has appeared in four Hollywood films, two Bollywood films and several television shows.", "Q64752": "Aristau is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q75887": "Clemens Emil Franz Bracht (23 November 1877 \u2013 26 November 1933) was a German jurist and politician.\nBorn in Berlin, he studied law at the University of W\u00fcrzburg and the University of Berlin. He joined the Centre Party and on 18 December 1924 became Supreme Burgomaster (Oberb\u00fcrgermeister) of Essen. After the Preu\u00dfenschlag enacted by German Chancellor Franz von Papen and President Paul von Hindenburg, Bracht was appointed a \"Deputy Commissioner\" for the Interior in the Free State of Prussia on 27 July 1932. He left the Centre Party and resigned as Burgomaster on 31 October 1932.\nOn 29 October 1932 he had become a Minister without portfolio in Papen's cabinet. Under Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher he briefly served as Reich Minister of the Interior from 3 December 1932. He had to resign, when Hindenburg appointed Hitler Chancellor on 30 January 1933.", "Q100548": "Theodor Seitz (Mannheim, 12 September 1863 \u2013 Baden-Baden, 28 March 1949) was a German colonial governor.\nHe studied law at the University of Heidelberg. He entered in the service of the Foreign Office and became on 9 May 1907 Imperial Governor of Kamerun.\nOn 28 August 1910, he became Governor of German South West Africa (today Namibia) at Windhoek.\nAt the outbreak of World War I, the colony was invaded by a British-South African force.\nThe outnumbered German troops under command of Victor Franke had to capitulate on 9 July 1915.\nHe remained in captivity until 1919, when all Germans were sent to Germany and the colony was annexed by the British.\nIn 1920 he became president of the German Colonial Society and in 1930 honorary president.", "Q5763208": "Hossein Gol-e-Golab (Persian \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0644\u200c\u06af\u0644\u0627\u0628 also given as Hosayn Golgolab, (1895 \u2013 March 13, 1985) was a polymath Iranian scholar and musician who wrote the patriotic anthem Ey Iran.\nGol-e-Golab was born in Kerman, and studied at the Elmiya School and Dar-ul-Funun university, which is now known as the University of Tehran.Gol-e-Golab never lost his interest in music, finding time to translate Western operas into his native Persian while teaching and writing on botany and serving on the Academy of Persian Language and Literature, to which he was appointed 1935.", "Q1953": "Yerevan (UK: YERR-\u0259-VAN, US: -\u2060VAHN; Armenian: \u0535\u0580\u0587\u0561\u0576 [j\u025b\u027e\u025b\u02c8v\u0251n] (listen), sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia as well as one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country. It has been the capital since 1918, the fourteenth in the history of Armenia and the seventh located in or around the Ararat plain. The city also serves as the seat of the Araratian Pontifical Diocese; the largest diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church and one of the oldest dioceses in the world.The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the fortress of Erebuni in 782 BC by king Argishti I at the western extreme of the Ararat plain. Erebuni was \"designed as a great administrative and religious centre, a fully royal capital.\" By the late ancient Armenian Kingdom, new capital cities were established and Yerevan declined in importance. Under Iranian and Russian rule, it was the center of the Erivan Khanate from 1736 to 1828 and the Erivan Governorate from 1850 to 1917, respectively. After World War I, Yerevan became the capital of the First Republic of Armenia as thousands of survivors of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire arrived in the area. The city expanded rapidly during the 20th century as Armenia became part of the Soviet Union. In a few decades, Yerevan was transformed from a provincial town within the Russian Empire to Armenia's principal cultural, artistic, and industrial center, as well as becoming the seat of national government.\nWith the growth of the Armenian economy, Yerevan has undergone major transformation. Much construction has been done throughout the city since the early 2000s, and retail outlets such as restaurants, shops, and street caf\u00e9s, which were rare during Soviet times, have multiplied. As of 2011, the population of Yerevan was 1,060,138, just over 35% of the Republic of Armenia's total population. According to the official estimate of 2016, the current population of the city is 1,073,700. Yerevan was named the 2012 World Book Capital by UNESCO. Yerevan is an associate member of Eurocities.Of the notable landmarks of Yerevan, Erebuni Fortress is considered to be the birthplace of the city, the Katoghike Tsiranavor church is the oldest surviving church of Yerevan and Saint Gregory Cathedral is the largest Armenian cathedral in the world, Tsitsernakaberd is the official memorial to the victims of the Armenian Genocide, and several opera houses, theatres, museums, libraries, and other cultural institutions. Yerevan Opera Theatre is the main spectacle hall of the Armenian capital, the National Gallery of Armenia is the largest art museum in Armenia and shares a building with the History Museum of Armenia, and the Matenadaran repository contains one of the largest depositories of ancient books and manuscripts in the world.", "Q565133": "Moritz Hartmann (15 October 1821 \u2013 13 May 1872) was a German poet, politician and author.", "Q108114": "Ulrich Beiger (26 August 1918 \u2013 18 September 1996) was a German actor.", "Q74541": "Jacob K\u00f6nigshofen (more properly Jakob Twinger von K\u00f6nigshofen) (1346 \u2013 27 December 1420) was a German chronicler.\nJacob was born at K\u00f6nigshofen, then a village near, and now a district of, Strasburg, in Alsace, but only a few details of his life are known. He became a priest in 1382, and for a time he held the parish of Drusenheim. In 1394 he became notary Apostolic and in 1395 a canon of St. Thomas at Strasburg, where he was placed in charge of the archives and kept the stock-books and registers.\nEarly in life he had devoted himself to historical studies, and a Latin \"Chronicle\" is extant, written by him before he came a priest (edited by Louis Duchesne in Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr die Erhaltung der geschichtlichen Denkm\u00e4ler im Elsass, second series, IV). This work only contains extracts from different authors, and is in consequence a mere collection of historical matter.\nHis principal work is the Chronik. He began it in 1382; he twice revised it, and brought it down to the year 1415. One of the first universal histories in German prose, it includes also a territorial history of Alsace and a local history of Strasbourg. Recognizing the needs of his time, he wrote it for the Klugen, that is, cultivated, lay men, \"who read such things as eagerly as learned parsons\". His narrative is therefore popular, and enlivened by legends, jokes, and details concerning the lives of the people. He possessed a good knowledge and availed himself freely of the sources of medieval prose and poetry (particularly Ekkehard, but also Eusebius, Bede, Hermannus Contractus, Martinus Polonus, and others).\nIn politics he was an adherent of Louis the Bavarian, an imperialist and German nationalist. Influenced by the Alsatian chronicler Fritsche Closener, he has himself been in many cases the authority for later historians. The last chapter of the Chronik contains an alphabetical list of historical events with dates, forms thus a kind of compendium of history, and was often copied separately. The Chronik was printed as early as 1474, and later at Strasbourg in 1698. A scholarly edition is that of Hegel in Chroniken der deutschen St\u00e4dte, VIII-IX (Leipzig, 1870-1871). Jacob died at Strasbourg, in his seventies.\nIn addition we possess a Latin-German glossary by K\u00f6nigshofen, which may, however, in its essential details be traced to Closener.", "Q77048": "Dietrich K\u00fcchemann CBE FRS FRAeS (11 September 1911 in G\u00f6ttingen, Germany \u2013 23 February 1976 in Farnham, England) was a German aerodynamicist who made several important contributions to the advancement of high-speed flight. He spent most of his career in the UK, where he is best known for his work on Concorde.", "Q181730": "John Anthony Flanagan is an Australian fantasy author best known for his medieval fantasy series, the Ranger's Apprentice, and its sister series, the Brotherband Chronicles. Some of his other works include his Storm Peak duology, as well as the adult novel The Grey Raider.\n\n", "Q270771": "Jacqueline Ruth \"Ilene\" Woods (May 5, 1929 \u2013 July 1, 2010) was an American actress and singer. Woods was the original voice of the title character of the Walt Disney animated feature Cinderella, for which she was named a Disney Legend in 2003.", "Q38987": "Tony Tan Kheng Yam (born 7 February 1940) is a Singaporean politician who was the seventh President of Singapore & the commander-in-chief of the Singapore Armed Forces holding office from 2011 to 2017 after winning the 2011 Singaporean presidential election with 35.20% of the votes, winning by a narrow 0.34% margin over Tan Cheng Bock when former president S.R. Nathan stepped down from the position. Tan was sworn in as president on 1 September 2011 and held office until 31 August 2017. He is the only living former president of Singapore.\nPreviously a member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), Tan was the 5th deputy prime minister on 1 August 1995 till 1 September 2005 when former deputy prime minister Lee Hsien Loong stepped down from position. Tan was serving as deputy prime minister with S. Jayakumar. Tan was the Chairman of the People's Action Party from 1 September 1993 to 3 December 2004 after Ong Teng Cheong stepped down from the position.\nTan was the Coordinating Minister for Security and Defence from 2003 to 2005 , Minister for Education from 1995 to 2003 , Minister for Defence from 1985 to 1991 & the Minister for Finance from 1983 to 1985. He was a member of parliament for Sembawang GRC from 1988 to 2006 and Sembawang SMC from 1979 to 1988 before resigning to participate in the 2011 Singaporean presidential election which he won.\n\n", "Q444857": "Pauline Oliveros (May 30, 1932 \u2013 November 24, 2016) was an American composer, accordionist and a central figure in the development of experimental and post-war electronic art music.\nShe was a founding member of the San Francisco Tape Music Center in the 1960s, and served as its director. She taught music at Mills College, the University of California San Diego (UCSD), Oberlin Conservatory of Music, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Oliveros authored books, formulated new music theories, and investigated new ways to focus attention on music including her concepts of \"deep listening\" and \"sonic awareness\". She was an Eyebeam resident.", "Q455782": "Lise Thibault (French pronunciation: \u200b[liz tibo]; born 2 April 1939) is a Canadian politician who served as the 27th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec from 1997 to 2007 and later spent six months in jail for misuse of public funds and ordered to repay the government.\n\n", "Q57398": "An\u00edbal Ant\u00f3nio Cavaco Silva, GCC, GColL (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0250\u02c8ni\u03b2\u0250\u026b \u0250\u0303\u02c8t\u0254\u0272u k\u0250\u02c8vaku \u02c8si\u026bv\u0250]; born 15 July 1939), is an economist who was the 19th President of Portugal, in office from 9 March 2006 to 9 March 2016. He had been previously Prime Minister of Portugal from 6 November 1985 to 28 October 1995. His 10-year tenure was the longest of any prime minister since Ant\u00f3nio de Oliveira Salazar, and he was the first Portuguese prime minister to win an absolute parliamentary majority under the current constitutional system. He is best known for leading Portugal into the European Union.\nHe won the 22 January 2006 presidential election and was re-elected on 23 January 2011 for a second five-year term. During his second term, his perceived disregard of the results of the 2015 election most likely contributed to him having the lowest level of popularity for a Portuguese President since the Carnation Revolution.", "Q3430566": "Richard C. Breeden (born December 6, 1949) is a former Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, hedge fund manager, and corporate chairman.", "Q322023": "Federico Angelo Cesi (Italian: [fede\u02c8ri\u02d0ko \u02c8and\u0292elo \u02c8t\u0283\u025b\u02d0zi]; February 26, 1585 \u2013 August 1, 1630) was an Italian scientist, naturalist, and founder of the Accademia dei Lincei. On his father's death in 1630, he became briefly lord of Acquasparta.", "Q125938": "Alfred Ittner (13 January 1907 \u2013 3 November 1976) was an SS functionary of Nazi Germany who served at the Sobib\u00f3r extermination camp.\nIttner joined the Nazi Party in February 1927, with the membership number 30,805. He subsequently joined the Sturmabteilung in 1931. He worked on the staff of the Gauleiters of Hamburg and Berlin from 1934 to 1939, at which point he put in for a transfer to the Action T4 euthanasia programme in Berlin. He remained in this role, serving as a bookkeeper at the T4 headquarters until 1942.", "Q1337159": "Anthony Mabron \"Tony\" Burton (March 23, 1937 \u2013 February 25, 2016) was an American actor, and boxer. He was known for his role as Tony \"Duke\" Evers in the Rocky films.", "Q381944": "Eldar Alexandrovich Ryazanov (Russian: \u042d\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432; 18 November 1927 \u2013 30 November 2015) was a Soviet and Russian film director and screenwriter whose popular comedies, satirizing the daily life of the Soviet Union and Russia, are celebrated throughout the former Soviet Union.", "Q70727": "Michael Gwisdek (born 14 January 1942) is a German actor and film director.", "Q153676": "Kislovodsk (Russian: \u041a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0441\u043a, lit. sour waters) (Adyghe: \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044d) is a spa city in Stavropol Krai, Russia, in the North Caucasus region of Russia which is located between the Black and Caspian Seas. Population: 128,553\u2009(2010 Census); 129,788\u2009(2002 Census); 114,414\u2009(1989 Census).", "Q699456": "Carl Ritter von Ghega or Karl von Ghega (10 January 1802 \u2013 14 March 1860) was an Albanian-Austrian nobleman and the designer of the Semmering Railway from Gloggnitz to M\u00fcrzzuschlag. During his time, he was the most prominent of Austrian railway engineers and architects.", "Q489831": "Kevin Patrick Smith (born August 2, 1970) is an American filmmaker, actor, comedian, public speaker, comic book writer, author, and podcaster. He came to prominence with the low-budget comedy film Clerks (1994), which he wrote, directed, co-produced, and acted in as the character Silent Bob of stoner duo Jay and Silent Bob. Jay and Silent Bob also appeared in Smith's later films Mallrats, Chasing Amy, Dogma, Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back, Clerks II and Jay and Silent Bob Reboot, which are set primarily in his home state of New Jersey. While not strictly sequential, the films have crossover plot elements, character references, and a shared canon known as the \"View Askewniverse\", named after Smith's production company View Askew Productions, which he co-founded with Scott Mosier.\nSince 2011, Smith has mostly made horror films, including Red State (2011) and the \"comedy horror films\" Tusk (2014) and Yoga Hosers (2016), two in a planned series of three such films set in Canada dubbed the True North trilogy. He has also served as a director-for-hire for material he did not write, including the buddy cop action comedy Cop Out (2010) and various television series episodes.\nSmith owns Jay and Silent Bob's Secret Stash, a comic book store in Red Bank, New Jersey, that is the subject of the reality television show Comic Book Men (2012\u20132018). He also hosts the movie-review TV show Spoilers. As a podcaster, Smith co-hosts several shows on his SModcast Podcast Network, including SModcast, Fatman Beyond, and the live show Hollywood Babble-On. He is known for participating in long, humorous Q&A sessions that are often filmed for DVD release, beginning with An Evening with Kevin Smith.", "Q1441280": "Uriah Heep are an English rock band formed in London in 1969. Their current lineup includes lead and rhythm guitarist Mick Box, keyboardist Phil Lanzon, lead vocalist Bernie Shaw, drummer Russell Gilbrook, and bassist Davey Rimmer. Of this lineup, Box is the only remaining original member. Throughout many lineup changes, the band has included many notable musicians, such as vocalists David Byron, John Lawton, John Sloman, Peter Goalby and Steff Fontaine, bassists Gary Thain, Trevor Bolder, John Wetton, Bob Daisley and John Jowitt, drummers Nigel Olsson, Lee Kerslake and Chris Slade, and keyboardists Ken Hensley and John Sinclair.\nOver the course of their 51-year career, Uriah Heep have released twenty-four studio albums (of original material), twenty live albums and forty-one compilation albums (including two greatest hits albums composed of re-recorded material: Celebration \u2013 Forty Years of Rock and Totally Driven). Twelve of the band's studio albums have made it to the UK Albums Chart (Return to Fantasy reached No. 7 in 1975) while of the fifteen Billboard 200 Uriah Heep albums Demons and Wizards was the most successful (#23, 1972). In the late 1970s the band had massive success in Germany, where the \"Lady in Black\" single was a big hit.The band maintains a significant following and performs at arena-sized venues in the Balkans, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia and Scandinavia. They have sold over 45 million albums worldwide with over 4 million sales in the U.S, where its best-known songs include \"Easy Livin'\", \"The Wizard\", \"Sweet Lorraine\", and \"Stealin'\".", "Q519588": "Andr\u00e9 Gerardus \"Andr\u00e9\" Hazes (30 June 1951 \u2013 23 September 2004) was the most popular singer of the Dutch levenslied genre, popular music about everyday life sung in the Dutch language. Hazes recorded 31 studio and live albums and he released 55 singles.", "Q76430": "Carl Philipp Gottfried (or Gottlieb) von Clausewitz (; 1 June 1780 \u2013 16 November 1831) was a Prussian general and military theorist who stressed the \"moral\" (meaning, in modern terms, psychological) and political aspects of war. His most notable work, Vom Kriege (On War), was unfinished at his death.\nClausewitz was a realist in many different senses and, while in some respects a romantic, also drew heavily on the rationalist ideas of the European Enlightenment.\nClausewitz's thinking is often described as Hegelian because of his dialectical method; but, although he was probably personally acquainted with Hegel, there remains debate as to whether or not Clausewitz was in fact influenced by him. He stressed the dialectical interaction of diverse factors, noting how unexpected developments unfolding under the \"fog of war\" (i.e., in the face of incomplete, dubious, and often completely erroneous information and high levels of fear, doubt, and excitement) call for rapid decisions by alert commanders. He saw history as a vital check on erudite abstractions that did not accord with experience. In contrast to the early work of Antoine-Henri Jomini, he argued that war could not be quantified or reduced to mapwork, geometry, and graphs. Clausewitz had many aphorisms, of which the most famous is \"War is the continuation of politics by other means.\"", "Q27119": "Kolding (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u02b0\u028cle\u031d\u014b]) is a Danish seaport located at the head of Kolding Fjord in the Region of Southern Denmark. It is the seat of Kolding Municipality. It is a transportation, commercial, and manufacturing centre, and has numerous industrial companies, principally geared towards shipbuilding. The manufacturing of machinery and textiles and livestock export are other economically significant activities.\nWith a population of 90,066 (1 January 2014), the Kolding municipality is the seventh largest in Denmark. The city itself has a population of 60,854 (1 January 2019) and is also the seventh largest city in Denmark.\nThe city is part of the Triangle Region, which includes the neighbouring cities of Fredericia and Vejle.", "Q1107750": "Cold Chillin' Records was a record label that released music during the golden age of hip hop from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. A producer-and-crew label founded by manager Tyrone Williams and run by Len Fichtelberg (d. November 4, 2010), most of the label's releases were by members of the Juice Crew, a loosely knit group of artists centered on producer Marley Marl. In 1998, the label shut down, and the majority of its expansive catalog was bought by Massachusetts-based LandSpeed Records (now Traffic Entertainment).", "Q3822": "L\u00fcnen is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located north of Dortmund, on both banks of the River Lippe. It is the largest town of the Unna district and part of the Ruhr Area.\nIn 2009 a biogas plant was built to provide electric power to the city. L\u00fcnen is the first city in the world to receive electricity via public utility companies that is generated on the base of animal waste. The plant produces up to 6.6 MW, supplying 26,000 homes with heat and electricity.\n\n", "Q66623": "Hemmiken is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q230433": "Masako (\u96c5\u5b50, born Masako Owada (\u5c0f\u548c\u7530\u96c5\u5b50, Owada Masako); 9 December 1963) is the empress of Japan (\u7687\u540e, k\u014dg\u014d) as the wife of Naruhito, who ascended to the Chrysanthemum Throne in 2019.", "Q95973": "Heinrich Beitzke (15 February 1798 \u2013 10 May 1867 (Berlin) was a German politician and historian, born at Muttrin in the Prussian Province of Pomerania.He served as a volunteer in the campaign of 1815, studied at the military schools of Coblenz and Mainz, entered the army as an officer in 1817, and retired in 1845 with the rank of major. In 1858 he was elected to the Prussian Chamber of Deputies. He published: \n\nGeschichte der deutschen Freiheitskriege in den Jahren 1813 und 1814 (three volumes, 1855 \u2014 an accurate and unprejudiced narrative, widely read)\nGeschichte des russischen Kriegs im Jahre 1812 (1856)\nGeschichte des Jahres 1815 (two volumes, 1865)\nDas preussische Heer vor und nach der Reorganisation (1867).", "Q465127": "Denaun Montez Porter (born December 7, 1978), also known by the stage names Mr. Porter and Kon Artis, is an American rapper, singer, composer, and music producer. He was a member of Detroit hip-hop group D12 until its disbandment in 2018.\nHe has a close association with rapper Eminem, often appearing on his tours and has produced for a manifold of other notable artists such as 50 Cent, Royce Da 5'9, The Game, Method Man, Snoop Dogg, Jadakiss and more.", "Q103727": "Volkert Kraeft (born 7 August 1941 in Timmendorfer Strand, Germany) is a German television actor.", "Q2118320": "Alexander Ivanov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, born October 27, 1962) is a Russian art collector who lives in Moscow. He is best known for the Faberg\u00e9 Museum in Baden-Baden, which is the first private Russian-owned museum outside of Russia. Ivanov has no business holdings or interests, but the value of his massive art collection makes him a billionaire. In spring 2010, he said that a Middle Eastern collector offered him $2 billion for his Faberg\u00e9 collection, the world's largest Faberg\u00e9 jewellery collection with more than 3,000 items. Ivanov's tastes extend to many areas, and he also collects dinosaur fossils, ancient Greek and Roman art, pre-Columbian gold, Old Master paintings, Impressionist paintings, Orthodox icons, and he also has one of the finest collections of vintage automobiles.Ivanov's most significant purchase was the 1902 Faberg\u00e9 egg made as an engagement gift to Baron \u00c9douard de Rothschild. Ivanov bought it at Christie's in London on November 28, 2007, for 9 million pounds ($18.5 million at the time), because he thought that it is Faberg\u00e9\u2019s \"finest ever.\"", "Q36014": "H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh (; Vietnamese: [h\u00f2 c\u01d0 m\u012b\u014b\u031f] (listen), Saigon: [h\u00f2 c\u01d0 m\u0268\u0304n]; Ch\u1eef n\u00f4m: \u80e1\u5fd7\u660e; 19 May 1890 \u2013 2 September 1969), born Nguy\u1ec5n Sinh Cung, also known as Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c, B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 (\"Uncle Ho\") or simply B\u00e1c (\"Uncle\", pronounced [\u0294\u0253a\u02d0k\u031a\u02e6\u02e5]), was a North Vietnamese revolutionary and politician. He served as Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1945 to 1955 and President from 1945 to 1969. Ideologically a Marxist\u2013Leninist, he served as Chairman and First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam.\nH\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh led the Vi\u1ec7t Minh independence movement from 1941 onward, establishing the Communist-ruled Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) in 1945 and defeating the French Union in 1954 at the Battle of \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, ending the First Indochina War. He was a key figure in the People's Army of Vietnam and the Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng during the Vietnam War, which lasted from 1955 to 1975. North Vietnam was victorious and was reunified with the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) in 1976. Saigon, the former capital of South Vietnam, was renamed Ho Chi Minh City in his honor. Ho officially stepped down from power in 1965 due to health problems and died in 1969. He is one of \"100 Persons Of The Century\" by TIME.H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh's life before he came to power in Vietnam is ambiguous. He is known to have used between 50 to 200 pseudonyms. His birth is subject to academic debate. At least four existing official biographies vary on names, dates, places and other hard facts while unofficial biographies vary even more widely.", "Q1586907": "Harry von Eckermann (1886\u20131969) was a Swedish industrialist, mineralogist and geologist. His studies were centered around anorogenic alkaline igneous rocks occurring in the Baltic Shield. Following this line he studied the Aln\u00f6 Complex, Norra K\u00e4rr Alkaline Complex and various Rapakivi granites. \nIn a 1948 publication on Aln\u00f6, von Eckermann correctly claimed a magmatic origin of carbonatite, albeit his finds were only widely accepted after the Ol Doinyo Lengai eruption of carbonatite lava in the 1960s showed contemporary evidence on the existence of such magmas. In relation to the mid-20th century granitization controversy von Eckermann rejected the notion that rapakivi granites were Jotnian sediments turned into granite.", "Q40182": "Forces of Nature is a 1999 American romantic comedy film directed by Bronwen Hughes and starring Ben Affleck and Sandra Bullock.\n\n", "Q345906": "Albert Boadella Oncins (born 30 July 1943, in Barcelona) is a Spanish actor, playwright, director until 2012 of the company of the independent theater Els Joglars.", "Q26207": "Edward Hugh John Neale Dalton, Baron Dalton, (16 August 1887 \u2013 13 February 1962) was a British Labour Party economist and politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1945 to 1947. He shaped Labour Party foreign policy in the 1930s, opposing pacifism and promoting rearmament against the German threat, and strongly opposed the appeasement policy of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain in 1938. Dalton served in Winston Churchill's wartime coalition cabinet; after the Dunkirk evacuation he was Minister of Economic Warfare, and established the Special Operations Executive. As Chancellor, he pushed his policy of cheap money too hard, and mishandled the sterling crisis of 1947. His political position was already in jeopardy in 1947, when, he, seemingly inadvertently, revealed a sentence of the budget to a reporter minutes before delivering his budget speech. Prime Minister Clement Attlee accepted his resignation; Dalton later returned to the cabinet in relatively minor positions.\nHis biographer Ben Pimlott characterised Dalton as peevish, irascible, given to poor judgment and lacking administrative talent. Pimlott also recognised that Dalton was a genuine radical and an inspired politician; a man, to quote his old friend and critic John Freeman, \"of feeling, humanity, and unshakeable loyalty to people which matched his talent.\"", "Q164964": "Juan de la Cueva de Garoza (1543\u20131612) was a Spanish dramatist and poet. He was born in Seville to an aristocratic family; his younger brother Claudio, with whom he spent some time in Guadalajara, Mexico, went on to become an archdeacon and inquisitor. He was acquainted with a number of major contemporary intellectual figures, including Fernando de Herrera and Juan de Mal Lara, and took part in the Casa de Pilatos literary academy in Seville. After his return to Spain in 1577, he began writing for the stage and produced a total of ten comedies and four tragedies. He appears never to have married, though some of his poetical works are dedicated to a Felipa de la Paz. After apparently spending some time in Cuenca after 1610, he died in Granada in 1612.", "Q2045741": "Paco Axel Lagerstrom (February 24, 1914 \u2013 February 16, 1989) was an applied mathematician and aeronautical engineer. He was trained formally in mathematics, but worked for much of his career in aeronautical applications. He was known for work in applying the method of asymptotic expansion to fluid mechanics problems. Several of his works have become classics, including \"Matched Asymptotic Expansions: Ideas And Techniques\".", "Q461341": "Mohamed \"Mo\" Nabbous (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u200e; 27 February 1983 \u2013 19 March 2011) was a Libyan information technologist, blogger, businessperson and civilian journalist who created and founded Libya Alhurra TV.\nAt the outbreak of the Libyan Civil War, Nabbous was the founder of Libya Alhurra TV, the first independent broadcast news organization since Gaddafi took power in Libya. Libya Alhurra TV was established in Benghazi, Libya on 19 February 2011 and started broadcasting online when Nabbous established a two-way satellite connection in the wake of a complete Internet blackout imposed by the Gaddafi government after the 17 February protests.Nabbous was shot by a sniper and killed on 19 March 2011 while reporting on attempts by government forces to fight revolutionaries and attack civilians in Benghazi. Hours after the death of Nabbous, international coalition airplanes entered Libyan airspace to enforce a no-fly zone authorized by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973. In the last weeks of his life, Nabbous focused on bringing international attention to the humanitarian crisis unfolding in Libya. His death was widely reported by CNN and various media outlets. Prior to the establishment of Libya Alhurra TV, Nabbous operated a number of businesses in Benghazi city.", "Q329610": "Chris Ardoin (born April 7, 1981 in Lake Charles, Louisiana) is a zydeco accordionist and singer. He is one of the young artists that helped form nouveau zydeco, a new style of music that fused traditional zydeco with various styles including hip-hop, reggae and R&B.\nHe was a child prodigy belonging to a musical dynasty (his father was Lawrence Ardoin and his grandfather was Bois Sec Ardoin). His older brother is Gospel zydeco artist Sean Ardoin. He started with the accordion at the age of two and grew up listening to zydeco only for the most part until he was in his teens. When he was just ten, with help from his father Lawrence, he formed the Double Clutchin' zydeco band with his elder brother Sean Ardoin on drums.\nIn 1994, the band released their debut album That's Da Lick on the Maison de Soul label. Though it was Sean who handled all the vocals and songwriting, the album was credited to Chris as they considered putting younger Chris in front would draw more attention to the band. Chris came more into the center of the spotlight in the follow-up effort Lick It Up! released a year later, sharing vocals and songwriting duties with Sean. Sean left the band after releasing the album Turn the Page in 1997 to concentrate on his solo career.\nIn 2005, Chris changed the band name from Double Clutchin' to NuStep, and released Sweat, the first album under the new name. M.V.P. followed in 2006, V.I.P in 2008, Alter Ego in 2009, and Headliner in 2010.", "Q572329": "Jakow Trachtenberg (17 June 1888 \u2013 1953) was a Jewish mathematician who developed the mental calculation techniques called the Trachtenberg system.", "Q74227": "Thomas Henry McGrath (born August 7, 1964) is an American voice actor, animator and film director. He is known for co-directing (with Eric Darnell) the 2005 comedy Madagascar and its sequels, Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa in 2008 and Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted in 2012, also providing the voice of Skipper in all films, short films and The Penguins of Madagascar television series. He has also worked as a voice actor on other DreamWorks Animation features like Flushed Away in 2006 and Shrek the Third in 2007. He also stepped in on Flushed Away to help make improvements prior to its release. He has also directed the DreamWorks films Megamind and The Boss Baby, earning a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature for the latter.", "Q108672": "D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza [d\u0254m\u02c8br\u0254va \u0261ur\u02c8\u0272it\u0361\u0282a] (listen) is a city in Zag\u0142\u0119bie D\u0105browskie, southern Poland, near Katowice and Sosnowiec. It is located in eastern part of the Silesian Voivodeship, on the Czarna Przemsza and Bia\u0142a Przemsza rivers (tributaries of the Vistula, see Przemsza).\nEven though D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza belongs to the historic province of Lesser Poland, it now is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship (since 1999), and previously (1975\u20131999) it was in Katowice Voivodeship. D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza is one of the cities of the 2.7 million conurbation \u2013 Katowice urban area, and within a greater silesian metropolitan area populated by about 5.2 million people. The population of the city itself is 120,259 (Dec 2018).", "Q437107": "Sonia Evans (born 13 February 1971), known mononymously as Sonia, is an English pop singer and actor from Liverpool. She had a 1989 UK number one hit \"You'll Never Stop Me Loving You\" and became the first female UK artist to achieve five top 20 hit singles from one album. She represented the United Kingdom in the 1993 Eurovision Song Contest, where she finished second with the song \"Better the Devil You Know\". Between 1989 and 1993, she had 11 UK Top 30 hits, including \"Listen to Your Heart\" (1989), \"Counting Every Minute\" (1990) and \"Only Fools (Never Fall in Love)\" (1991). In 1994, she starred as Sandy in a West End revival of the musical Grease, while on television she appeared as Bunty in the 1998 BBC comedy series The Lily Savage Show.", "Q370765": "Mark Boal (born January 23, 1973) is an American journalist, screenwriter and film producer. Before he became a prominent figure of cinema, Boal worked as a journalist for such publications as Rolling Stone, The Village Voice, Salon and Playboy. Boal's 2004 article \"Death and Dishonor\" was adapted for the film In the Valley of Elah, which Boal also co-wrote.\nIn 2009, he wrote and produced The Hurt Locker, for which he won both the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and the Academy Award for Best Picture. In 2012, he wrote and produced Zero Dark Thirty, teaming again with director Kathryn Bigelow, about the tracking and killing of Osama bin Laden. The film earned him Academy Award nominations for Best Original Screenplay and Best Picture and a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay. The pair collaborated a third time for 2017's Detroit.\nBoal has won two Academy Awards (with another two nominations), a BAFTA Award, two Writers Guild of America Awards and a Producers Guild of America Award, and also has four Golden Globe Award nominations.", "Q3501977": "St\u00e9phane Nomis (born 23 October 1970) is a professional French judoka.", "Q339403": "Erik Per Sullivan (born July 12, 1991) is an American former actor. He is best known for his role as Dewey, the younger brother to middle child Malcolm, on the Fox series Malcolm in the Middle.", "Q887259": "Miroslav \"Mika\" Anti\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u045b; 14 March 1932 \u2013 24 June 1986) was a Serbian poet, film director, journalist and painter. He was a major figure of the Yugoslav Black Wave. He had six children. His oldest son, Igor, is a visual artist.\n\n", "Q467730": "Emma Huismans (born July 10, 1947) is an Afrikaans writer, journalist, and activist born in the Netherlands. At the age of five her family moved to South Africa where she learned Afrikaans. She was later a reporter for Crisis News. Her efforts against apartheid were complicated by her being white, Afrikaans, and lesbian. This is dealt with in her premier work Berigte van weerstand. (English translation: Reports of resistance) After that she did a few novels, but tended to do better in non-fiction. Her work is often deemed angry and frustrated with the difficulties of post-apartheid South Africa.", "Q11096665": "Li Minhua (Chinese: \u674e\u654f\u534e; 2 November 1917 \u2013 19 January 2013), also known as Minghua Lee Wu, was a Chinese aerospace engineer and physicist who was an expert in solid mechanics. The first woman to earn a PhD in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, she was one of the founding scientists at the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and was elected as an academician in 1980. Her husband Wu Zhonghua was also an accomplished physicist and CAS academician.", "Q111323": "Hedda Zinner, or Hedda Erpenbeck-Zinner (20 May 1905 \u2013 7 January 1994), was a German political writer, actress, comedian, journalist and radio director.", "Q14538": "Sharon Katharine Van Etten (born February 26, 1981) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She has released five studio albums, the latest of which is Remind Me Tomorrow (2019).", "Q18343272": "Live: Legend 1999 & 1997 Apocalypse (stylized as LIVE\uff5eLEGEND 1999&1997 APOCALYPSE) is the second live video release by the Japanese heavy metal band Babymetal. The album contains live footage of two shows, entitled Legend \"1999\" and Legend \"1997\" (named after birth years of the members of Babymetal), performed in Japan in 2013. It was released in 2-disc DVD and Blu-ray formats on October 29, 2014.", "Q91526": "Cornelia Ernst (born 30 November 1956) is a German politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany. She is a member of The Left Party, part of the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left.\nShe was elected to the European Parliament in 2009, prior to which she had been a member of the Parliament of Saxony from 1998. From 2007 till 2009 she had been the regional chairman of the Left Party in Saxony. On 15 February 2014 she got voted on place 3 of the group of nominated candidates of the Left party for the European Parliament and was re-elected to the European Parliament in 2014.", "Q617290": "The Council of Five Hundred (Conseil des Cinq-Cents), or simply the Five Hundred, was the lower house of the legislature of France under the Constitution of the Year III. It existed during the period commonly known (from the name of the executive branch during this time) as the Directory (Directoire), from 26 October 1795 until 9 November 1799: roughly the second half of the period generally referred to as the French Revolution.", "Q318426": "Perdiccas II (Greek: \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u0392\u0384) was a king of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from about 448 BC to about 413 BC.", "Q1006": "Guinea ( (listen)), officially the Republic of Guinea (French: R\u00e9publique de Guin\u00e9e), is a west-coastal country in West Africa. Formerly known as French Guinea (French: Guin\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise), the modern country is sometimes referred to as Guinea-Conakry to distinguish it from other countries with \"Guinea\" in the name and the eponymous region, such as Guinea-Bissau and Equatorial Guinea. Guinea has a population of 12.4 million and an area of 245,857 square kilometres (94,926 sq mi).The sovereign state of Guinea is a republic with a president who is directly elected by the people; this position is both head of state and head of government. The unicameral Guinean National Assembly is the legislative body of the country, and its members are also directly elected by the people. The judicial branch is led by the Guinea Supreme Court, the highest and final court of appeal in the country.Guinea is a predominantly Islamic country, with Muslims representing 85 percent of the population. Guinea's people belong to twenty-four ethnic groups. French, the official language of Guinea, is the main language of communication in schools, in government administration, and the media, but more than twenty-four indigenous languages are also spoken.\nGuinea's economy is largely dependent on agriculture and mineral production. It is the world's second largest producer of bauxite, and has rich deposits of diamonds and gold. The country was at the core of the 2014 Ebola outbreak. Human rights in Guinea remain a controversial issue. In 2011 the United States government claimed that torture by security forces, and abuse of women and children (e.g. female genital mutilation) were ongoing abuses of human rights.", "Q853785": "Soroca (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, romanized: Soroki, Ukrainian: \u0421\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, romanized: Soroky, Polish: Soroki, Yiddish: \u05e1\u05d0\u05b8\u05e8\u05d0\u05b8\u05e7\u05e2\u200e Soroke) is a city and municipality in Moldova, situated on the Dniester river about 160 km north of Chi\u0219in\u0103u. It is the administrative center of the Soroca District.", "Q109587": "Werner Buchholz (born 25 January 1948) is a German historian, currently a professor for Pomeranian History at the University of Greifswald.", "Q131018": "Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais (UK: RAB-\u0259-lay, US: -\u2060LAY, French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa \u0281abl\u025b]; between 1483 and 1494 \u2013 1553) was a French Renaissance writer, physician, Renaissance humanist, monk and Greek scholar. He has historically been regarded as a writer of satire, the grotesque, bawdy jokes, and songs.\nBecause of his literary power and historical importance, Western literary critics consider him one of the great writers of world literature and among the creators of modern European writing. His best known work is Gargantua and Pantagruel.\nHis literary legacy is such that the word Rabelaisian has been coined as a descriptive inspired by his work and life. Merriam-Webster defines the word as describing someone or something that is \"marked by gross robust humor, extravagance of caricature, or bold naturalism\".", "Q55202": "The Women's Engineering Society is a United Kingdom professional learned society and networking body for women engineers, scientists and technologists. It was the first professional body set up for women working in all areas of engineering, predating the Society of Women Engineers by around 30 years.", "Q400998": "The Ahmadnagar Sultanate was a late medieval Indian kingdom, located in the northwestern Deccan, between the sultanates of Gujarat and Bijapur. Malik Ahmad, the Bahmani governor of Junnar after defeating the Bahmani army led by general Jahangir Khan on 28 May 1490 declared independence and established the Nizam Shahi dynasty rule over the sultanate of Ahmednagar. Initially his capital was in the town of Junnar with its fort, later renamed Shivneri. In 1494, the foundation was laid for the new capital Ahmadnagar. In 1636 Aurangzeb, then Mugal viceroy of Deccan finally annexed the sultanate to the Mughal empire.", "Q361683": "Omari Ishmael Grandberry (born November 12, 1984), known by his stage name Omarion, is an American rapper, singer, composer, actor and dancer. He is best known as the lead singer of the American R&B boy band B2K. The group achieved success in the early 2000s with singles like \"Bump, Bump, Bump\", \"Uh Huh\", and \"Girlfriend\", which all reached success on the Billboard Hot 100. After the group disbanded in 2004, Omarion embarked on a solo career and released his debut album, O in 2005, which debuted at the top of the Billboard 200 chart, and received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Contemporary R&B Album at the 48th Grammy Awards.\nHis second solo album, 21 (2006), contained \"Ice Box\", which reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100. His third solo album, Ollusion (2010), was released on January 12, 2010, with the lead single, \"I Get It In\". His fourth solo album, Sex Playlist (2014), spawned the single, \"Post to Be\", which was certified 3x platinum and reached number 13 on the Hot 100 chart in May 2015. Omarion has also ventured into acting, with appearances in films such as You Got Served, Fat Albert, Somebody Help Me and The Proud Family Movie.", "Q97157": "Margarethe Schreinemakers (born 27 July 1958) is a German television presenter, talk show host and journalist.", "Q1785291": "Washington and Lee University (Washington and Lee or W&L) is a private liberal arts university in Lexington, Virginia. Established in 1749, the university is a colonial-era college and the ninth-oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.\nWashington and Lee's 325-acre campus sits at the edge of Lexington and abuts the campus of the Virginia Military Institute in the Shenandoah Valley region between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Allegheny Mountains. The campus is approximately 50 miles (80 km) northeast from Roanoke, 140 miles (230 km) west from the state capital of Richmond, and 180 miles (290 km) inland southwest from the national capital at Washington, D.C.\nWashington and Lee was originally founded as a small classical school named Augusta Academy (later renamed Liberty Hall Academy) by Scots-Irish Presbyterian pioneers, though the university has never claimed any sectarian affiliation. In 1796, shortly before the end of his second term as US President, George Washington endowed the struggling academy with a gift of stock, one of the largest gifts to an educational institution at that time. In gratitude, the school was renamed for the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775\u20131783), president at the Federal Constitutional Convention meeting in Philadelphia (summer of 1787), framer of the American Constitution (1787\u20131788), and the first President of the United States (1789\u20131797).\nIn 1865, shortly after his April 9 surrender to Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, commander of the Union Armies, former Confederate States Army General-in-Chief Robert E. Lee (1807\u20131870) was called and served as president of the college for five years until his death in 1870, when the college was thereafter renamed the \"Washington and Lee University\".\nOne of the oldest institutions of higher education in the American South, W&L is the second-oldest in the Commonwealth of Virginia (next to the College of William & Mary, founded in 1693).\nThe university consists of three academic units: the college itself; the Williams School of Commerce, Economics, and Politics; and the School of Law. The university hosts 24 intercollegiate varsity athletic teams which compete as part of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA Division III).", "Q253625": "Yon Gonz\u00e1lez Luna (born 20 May 1986) is a Spanish actor. He is probably best known for his performance as Iv\u00e1n Noiret Le\u00f3n in the Antena 3 series The Boarding School (El internado), as well as for his role of Julio Olmedo/Espinosa in the television series Gran Hotel and for that of Francisco Gomez in the Netflix series Cable Girls.", "Q411895": "Riga Technical University (RTU) (Latvian: R\u012bgas Tehnisk\u0101 universit\u0101te) is the oldest technical university in the Baltics established on October 14, 1862. It is Located in Riga, Latvia it was previously known as Riga Polytechnical Institute and Riga Polytechnicum.", "Q7004896": "Miki Kratsman is an Israeli photographer, photojournalist and activist.", "Q1391013": "Frederik Van Zyl Slabbert (2 March 1940 \u2013 14 May 2010) was a South African political analyst, businessman and politician. He is best known for having been the leader of the official opposition \u2014 the Progressive Federal Party (PFP) \u2014 in the House of Assembly from 1979 to 1986.", "Q541708": "William Starke Rosecrans (September 6, 1819 \u2013 March 11, 1898) was an American inventor, coal-oil company executive, diplomat, politician, and U.S. Army officer. He gained fame for his role as a Union general during the American Civil War. He was the victor at prominent Western Theater battles, but his military career was effectively ended following his disastrous defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1863.\nRosecrans graduated in 1842 from the United States Military Academy where he served in engineering assignments as well as a professor before leaving the Army to pursue a career in civil engineering. At the start of the Civil War, leading troops from Ohio, he achieved early combat success in western Virginia. In 1862 in the Western Theater, he won the battles of Iuka and Corinth while under the command of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. His brusque, outspoken manner and willingness to quarrel openly with superiors caused a professional rivalry with Grant (as well as with Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton) that would adversely affect Rosecrans' career.\nGiven command of the Army of the Cumberland, he fought against Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg at Stones River, and later outmaneuvered him in the brilliant Tullahoma Campaign, driving the Confederates from Middle Tennessee. His strategic movements then caused Bragg to abandon the critical city of Chattanooga, but Rosecrans' pursuit of Bragg ended during the bloody Battle of Chickamauga, where his unfortunately worded order mistakenly opened a gap in the Union line and Rosecrans and a third of his army were swept from the field. Besieged in Chattanooga, Rosecrans was relieved of command by Grant.\nFollowing his humiliating defeat, Rosecrans was reassigned to command the Department of Missouri, where he opposed Price's Raid. He was briefly considered as a vice presidential running mate for Abraham Lincoln in 1864 but the telegram correspondence Rosecrans sent back to Washington that stated his interest, was intercepted by Stanton, who buried the message. As a result, Lincoln never received his response and began looking for other candidates. After the war, he served in diplomatic and appointed political positions and in 1880 was elected to Congress, representing California.", "Q95998": "Miriam Lahnstein (born 9 August 1974 in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany) is a German actress and psychologist.\nIn 1995, Miriam came to the Das Erste-Soap Verbotene Liebe. She played the villain Tanja von Anstetten from 1995 until 1998. She later reprised the role for a short period in 2001; later in April 2004 she rejoined the show until March 2007, when she left the series because of her second pregnancy. She returned later in 2007 and remained part of the soap opera until its cancellation in 2016, with the exception of a short hiatus in early 2010.\nFrom 2003 to 2004 she played the recurring villain role of Sabine Huber in the soap Marienhof. She has also made guest appearances in many popular German television series.", "Q134160": "Jos\u00e9 Francisco de San Mart\u00edn y Matorras (25 February 1778 \u2013 17 August 1850), known simply as Jos\u00e9 de San Mart\u00edn (Spanish pronunciation: [xo\u02c8se \u00f0e san ma\u027e\u02c8tin] (listen)) or El Libertador of Argentina, Chile and Peru, was a Spanish-Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern and central parts of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire who served as the Protector of Peru. Born in Yapey\u00fa, Corrientes, in modern-day Argentina, he left the Viceroyalty of the R\u00edo de la Plata at the early age of seven to study in M\u00e1laga, Spain.\nIn 1808, after taking part in the Peninsular War against France, San Mart\u00edn contacted in London South American supporters of independence from Spain. In 1812, he set sail for Buenos Aires and offered his services to the United Provinces of the R\u00edo de la Plata, present-day Argentina. After the Battle of San Lorenzo and time commanding the Army of the North during 1814, he organized a plan to defeat the Spanish forces that menaced the United Provinces from the north, using an alternative path to the Viceroyalty of Peru. This objective first involved the establishment of a new army, the Army of the Andes, in Cuyo Province, Argentina. From there, he led the Crossing of the Andes to Chile, and triumphed at the Battle of Chacabuco and the Battle of Maip\u00fa (1818), thus liberating Chile from royalist rule. Then he sailed to attack the Spanish stronghold of Lima, Peru.\nOn 12 July 1821, after seizing partial control of Lima, San Mart\u00edn was appointed Protector of Peru, and Peruvian independence was officially declared on 28 July. On 22 July 1822, after a closed-door meeting with fellow libertador Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar at Guayaquil, Ecuador, Bol\u00edvar took over the task of fully liberating Peru. San Mart\u00edn unexpectedly left the country and resigned the command of his army, excluding himself from politics and the military, and moved to France in 1824. The details of 22 July meeting would be a subject of debate by later historians.\nSan Mart\u00edn is regarded as a national hero of Argentina and Peru, and one of the Liberators of Spanish South America. The Order of the Liberator General San Mart\u00edn (Orden del Libertador General San Mart\u00edn), created in his honor, is the highest decoration conferred by the Argentine government.", "Q11440": "Danielle Bunten Berry (February 19, 1949 \u2013 July 3, 1998), Also known as Dan Bunten, was an American game designer and programmer, known for the 1983 game M.U.L.E. (one of the first influential multiplayer games), and 1984's The Seven Cities of Gold.\nIn 1998 she was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Computer Game Developers Association. And in 2007, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences chose Bunten as the 10th inductee into their Hall of Fame.", "Q354638": "Choi Dong-wook (born November 9, 1984), better known by his stage name Seven (stylized as Se7en), is a South Korean singer, who has also advanced into Japan, China and the United States.", "Q507985": "Sharisse \"Shar\" Jackson (born August 31, 1976) is an American actress and singer, best known for playing Niecy Jackson on the UPN show Moesha. She was crowned the winner of MTV reality show Celebrity Rap Superstar in 2007.", "Q95740": "Cornelia Friederica Christiana Schlosser (n\u00e9e Goethe; 7 December 1750 \u2013 8 June 1777) was the sister and only sibling of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe who survived to adulthood.\n\n", "Q163038": "Psycho is a 1960 American psychological horror-thriller film directed and produced by Alfred Hitchcock, and written by Joseph Stefano. It stars Anthony Perkins, Janet Leigh, John Gavin, Vera Miles, and Martin Balsam, and was based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Robert Bloch. The film centers on an encounter between a secretary, Marion Crane (Leigh), who ends up at a secluded motel after stealing money from her employer, and the motel's owner-manager, Norman Bates (Perkins), and its aftermath.Psycho was seen as a departure from Hitchcock's previous film North by Northwest, having been filmed on a low budget, in black-and-white, and by a television crew. The film initially received mixed reviews, but outstanding box-office returns prompted critical reevaluation. Psycho was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Supporting Actress for Leigh and Best Director for Hitchcock.\nPsycho is now considered one of Hitchcock's best films and praised as a major work of cinematic art by international film critics and scholars. Often ranked among the greatest films of all time, it set a new level of acceptability for violence, deviant behavior and sexuality in American films, and is widely considered to be the earliest example of the slasher film genre.\nAfter Hitchcock's death in 1980, Universal Studios began producing follow-ups: three sequels, a remake, a made-for-television spin-off, and a prequel television series set in the 2010s. In 1992, the Library of Congress deemed the film \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.", "Q1193870": "Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is altered organ function in an acutely ill patient requiring medical intervention to achieve homeostasis.\nAlthough Irwin-Rippe cautions in 2005 that the use of \"multiple organ failure\" or \"multisystem organ failure\" should be avoided, both Harrison's (2015) and Cecil's (2012) medical textbooks still use the terms \"multi-organ failure\" and \"multiple organ failure\" in several chapters, and do not use \"multiple organ dysfunction syndrome\" at all.", "Q175882": "The Duchess and the Dirtwater Fox is a 1976 American western romantic comedy film starring Goldie Hawn and George Segal, produced, directed and co-written by Melvin Frank. It is about an 1880s dance hall girl (Hawn) from San Francisco who steals a satchel of ill-gotten money as part of her plan to change her identity into an Englsh governess and get a job with a wealthy family in Utah. She then has to elude the former owners of the money, the Bloodhound Gang, on a cross-country chase.", "Q2045972": "The Milan Conservatory (Conservatorio di musica \u201cGiuseppe Verdi\u201d di Milano) is a college of music in Milan.", "Q164757": "John McLaughlin (born 4 January 1942) is an English guitarist, bandleader, and composer. His music includes many genres of jazz combined with elements of rock, Indian classical music, Western classical music, flamenco, and blues. He is a pioneer of jazz fusion.\nAfter contributing to several key British groups of the early 1960s, McLaughlin made Extrapolation, his first album as a bandleader, in 1969. He then moved to the U.S., where he played with Tony Williams's group Lifetime and then with Miles Davis on his electric jazz-fusion albums In a Silent Way, Bitches Brew, Jack Johnson, and On the Corner. His 1970s electric band, the Mahavishnu Orchestra, performed a technically virtuosic and complex style of music that fused electric jazz and rock with Indian influences.\nMcLaughlin's solo on \"Miles Beyond\" from his album Live at Ronnie Scott's won the 2018 Grammy Award for the Best Improvised Jazz Solo. He has been awarded multiple \"Guitarist of the Year\" and \"Best Jazz Guitarist\" awards from magazines such as DownBeat and Guitar Player based on reader polls. In 2003, he was ranked 49th in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\". In 2009, DownBeat included McLaughlin in its unranked list of \"75 Great Guitarists\", in the \"Modern Jazz Maestros\" category. In 2012, Guitar World magazine ranked him 63rd on its top 100 list. In 2010, Jeff Beck called McLaughlin \"the best guitarist alive,\" and Pat Metheny has also described him as the world's greatest guitarist. In 2017, McLaughlin was awarded an honorary doctorate of music from Berklee College of Music.", "Q1075339": "Ohio University (OHIO or OU) is a public research university in Athens, Ohio. The first university chartered by an Act of Congress and the first to be chartered in Ohio, it was chartered in 1787 by the Congress of the Confederation and subsequently approved for the territory in 1802 and state in 1804, opening for students in 1809. Ohio University is the oldest university in Ohio, the eighth oldest public university in the United States and the 30th oldest among public and private universities. As of fall 2018, the university's total enrollment at Athens was 20,000, while the all-campus enrollment was just under 35,000.Ohio University maintains a selective admission rate with further admission requirements for its Journalism\nand other select schools. The Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine maintains separate select admissions criteria. Ohio University offers more than 250 areas of undergraduate study. On the graduate level, the university grants master's degrees in many of its major academic divisions, and doctoral degrees in selected departments. Ohio University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. The university is classified among \"R2: Doctoral Universities \u2013 High research activity\".Ohio's athletic teams are called the Bobcats and compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level as charter members of the Mid-American Conference. Ohio football has participated in 13 bowl games through the 2019 season, while the men's basketball team has made 13 appearances in the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.", "Q85553": "Lutz Goepel (born 10 October 1942 in Gotha, Thuringia) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2009, representing Saxony.He is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party. In 1990 he was elected as a member of the People's Chamber of the German Democratic Republic, representing the Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany (DBD), which later merged with the CDU.", "Q506325": "Decatur is the largest city and the county seat of Macon County in the U.S. state of Illinois, with a population of 76,122 as of the 2010 Census. The city was founded in 1829 and is situated along the Sangamon River and Lake Decatur in Central Illinois. Decatur's estimated population for 2018 was 71,290. Decatur is the thirteenth-most populous city in Illinois, and the state's sixth-most populous city outside the Chicago metropolitan area. Decatur is listed on USA Today as number 7 nationally on \u201cAmerica\u2019s fastest shrinking cities\u201d which showed a 5.5% population loss of (-6,072) from 2010 to 2018 with loss of 584 full-time jobs.The city is home of private Millikin University and public Richland Community College. Decatur has an economy based on industrial and agricultural commodity processing and production, including the North American headquarters of agricultural conglomerate Archer Daniels Midland, international agribusiness Tate & Lyle's largest corn-processing plant, and the designing and manufacturing facilities for Caterpillar Inc.'s wheel-tractor scrapers, compactors, large wheel loaders, mining class motor grader, off-highway trucks, and large mining trucks.", "Q92749": "Robert Cailliau (born 26 January 1947) is a Belgian informatics engineer, computer scientist and author who proposed the first (pre-www) hypertext system for CERN in 1987 and collaborated with Tim Berners-Lee on the World Wide Web from before it got its name. He designed the historical logo of the WWW, organized the first International World Wide Web Conference at CERN in 1994 and helped transfer Web development from CERN to the global Web consortium in 1995. Together with Dr. James Gillies, Cailliau wrote How the Web Was Born, the first book-length account of the origins of the World Wide Web.", "Q727347": "Margot Cathleen James (born 28 August 1957) is a British politician who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Stourbridge from 2010 until 2019.\nShe was the Minister of State for Digital and the Creative Industries from 9 January 2018, resigning on 18 July 2019 to vote against the Government on an amendment seeking to prevent prorogation of Parliament to force through a \u2018no-deal\u2019 Brexit. James had the Conservative whip removed on 3 September 2019\nOn 29 October 2019 she was one of ten Conservative MPs to have the whip restored, but stood down as an MP on 6 November.", "Q85235": "Walther Eidlitz (1892 \u2013 1976), also known as V\u0101mana D\u0101sa, was an Austrian writer, poet, Indologist and historian of religion.\nEidlitz was born in Vienna. In pursuance of his religious and philosophical interest he left his family in Austria in 1938 and traveled to India. He spent time in an internment camp in India during the Second World War, where he was converted to Hinduism by German bhakta Sadananda Swami. Eidlitz was initiated into Gaudiya Vaishnavism by Bhakti Hridaya Bon Swami. He moved to Sweden in 1946. In 1975 he received an honorary doctoral degree from Lund University. He has written about his spiritual journey in his autobiography. He died in Vaxholm.", "Q365383": "Benjamin Travis Laney, Jr. (November 25, 1896 \u2013 January 21, 1977), was the 33rd Governor of Arkansas, having served from 1945 to 1949.\n\n", "Q943582": "High Tide were an English rock band, formed in 1969 by Tony Hill (guitar and vocals), Simon House (violin and keyboards), Peter Pavli (bass guitar) and Roger Hadden (drums).", "Q51702": "Margaret Hutchinson Rousseau (27 October 1910 \u2013 12 January 2000) was an American chemical engineer who designed the first commercial penicillin production plant. She was the first female member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.", "Q465872": "Meena Keshwar Kamal (Pashto/Persian: \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644\u200e; February 27, 1956 \u2013 February 4, 1987), commonly known as Meena, was an Afghan revolutionary political activist, feminist, women's rights activist and founder of Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA), who was assassinated in 1987.", "Q95026": "Shirley MacLaine (born Shirley MacLean Beaty; April 24, 1934) is an American film, television, and theater actress, singer, dancer, activist, and author. An Oscar winner, MacLaine received the 40th AFI Life Achievement Award from the American Film Institute in 2012, and received the Kennedy Center Honors for her lifetime contributions to American culture through the performing arts in 2013. She is known for her New Age beliefs, and has an interest in spirituality and reincarnation. She has written a series of autobiographical works that describe these beliefs, document her world travels, and describe her Hollywood career.\nHer first film was Alfred Hitchcock's The Trouble With Harry in 1955. A six-time Academy Award nominee, MacLaine received a nomination for Best Documentary Feature for The Other Half of the Sky: A China Memoir (1975), and Best Actress nominations for Some Came Running (1958), The Apartment (1960), Irma la Douce (1963), and The Turning Point (1977), before winning Best Actress for Terms of Endearment (1983). She twice won the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress, for Ask Any Girl (1959), and The Apartment (1960); and won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy-Variety or Music Special for the 1976 TV special, Gypsy In My Soul. She has also won five competitive Golden Globe Awards, (from nineteen nominations), and received the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award at the 1998 ceremony.", "Q57373": "Asif Ali Zardari (Urdu: \u0622\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0632\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200e; Sindhi: \u0622\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0632\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u200e; born 26 July 1955) is a Pakistani politician who is the president of Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians and was the co-chairperson of Pakistan People's Party. He served as the 11th President of Pakistan from 2008 to 2013, the first president born after Partition. He is member of National Assembly of Pakistan since August 2018.\nThe son of Hakim Ali Zardari, a landowner from Sindh, Zardari rose to prominence after his marriage to Benazir Bhutto in 1987, who became the Prime Minister of Pakistan after her election in 1988. When Bhutto's government was dismissed by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan in 1990, Zardari was widely criticized for involvement in corruption scandals that led to its collapse. When Bhutto was reelected in 1993, Zardari served as Federal Investment Minister and Chairperson of Pakistan Environmental Protection Council. Following increasing tensions between Bhutto's brother Murtaza and Zardari, Murtaza was killed in a police encounter in Karachi on 20 September 1996. Bhutto's government was dismissed a month later by President Farooq Leghari, while Zardari was arrested and indicted for Murtaza's murder as well as corruption charges.Although incarcerated, he nominally served in Parliament after being elected to the National Assembly in 1990 and Senate in 1997. He was released from jail in 2004 and went into self-exile to Dubai, but returned when Bhutto was assassinated on 27 December 2007. As the new Co-Chairman of the PPP, he led his party to victory in the 2008 general elections. He spearheaded a coalition that forced military ruler Pervez Musharraf to resign, and was elected President on 6 September 2008. He was acquitted of various criminal charges the same year.As president, Zardari remained a strong American ally in the war in Afghanistan, despite prevalent public disapproval of the United States following the Raymond Davis incident and the Nato attack in Salala in 2011. Domestically, Zardari achieved the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment in 2010, which constitutionally reduced his presidential powers. His attempt to prevent the reinstatement of Supreme Court judges failed in the face of massive protests led by his political rival Nawaz Sharif. The restored Supreme Court dismissed the PPP's elected Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani for contempt in 2012, after Gillani refused to write to the Government of Switzerland to reopen corruption cases against Zardari. Zardari's tenure was also criticised for mishandling nationwide floods in 2010, and growing terrorist violence. Following multiple bombings of Hazaras in Quetta in early 2013, Zardari dismissed his provincial government in Balochistan.\nTowards the end of his term, Zardari recorded abysmally low approval ratings, ranging from 11 to 14%. After the PPP was heavily defeated in the 2013 general election, Zardari became the country's first elected president to complete his constitutional term on 9 September 2013. His legacy remains divisive, with political observers accusing his administration of corruption and cronyism.", "Q3401988": "Saint Peris was a little-known Welsh saint of the early Christian period, possibly 6th century.He is referred to in the Bonedd y Saint as a 'Cardinal of Rome'. However, he may have been one of the many children of Helig ap Glannog of Tyno Helig. He is believed to have retired to the solitude of Nant Peris in North Wales, and the church in the village is dedicated to him.Ffynnon Peris (or Ffynnon y Sant) is a well in Nant Peris named after the saint, who according to tradition, kept two fish there and drank from it daily. The nearby village of Llanberis is also named after Peris, as is Llyn Peris, a lake between Nant Peris and Llanberis.His feast day is 11 December. Saint Peris is the patron saint of Llanberis.", "Q58040": "Andre Gunder Frank (February 24, 1929 \u2013 April 25, 2005) was a German-American sociologist and economic historian who promoted dependency theory after 1970 and world-systems theory after 1984. He employed some Marxian concepts on political economy, but rejected Marx's stages of history, and economic history generally.", "Q388035": "Gloria Trevi (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8glo\u027eja \u02c8t\u027ee\u03b2i]; born Gloria de los \u00c1ngeles Trevi\u00f1o Ruiz on February 15, 1968) is a Mexican singer-songwriter, dancer, actress, television hostess, music video director and businesswoman.", "Q47160": "Titus Maccius Plautus (; c. 254 \u2013 184 BC), commonly known as Plautus, was a Roman playwright of the Old Latin period. His comedies are the earliest Latin literary works to have survived in their entirety. He wrote Palliata comoedia, the genre devised by the innovator of Latin literature, Livius Andronicus. The word Plautine refers to both Plautus's own works and works similar to or influenced by his.", "Q270": "Warsaw ( WOR-saw; Polish: Warszawa [var\u02c8\u0282ava] (listen); see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland and its population is officially estimated at 1.8 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.1 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 7th most-populous capital city in the European Union. The city limits cover 517.24 square kilometres (199.71 sq mi), while the metropolitan area covers 6,100.43 square kilometres (2,355.39 sq mi). Warsaw is an alpha global city, a major international tourist destination, and a significant cultural, political and economic hub. Its historical Old Town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\nThe city rose to prominence in the late 16th century, when Sigismund III decided to move the Polish capital and his royal court from Krak\u00f3w. The elegant architecture, grandeur and extensive boulevards earned Warsaw the nickname Paris of the North prior to the Second World War. Bombed at the start of the German invasion in 1939, the city withstood a siege, but was largely destroyed by the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943, the general Warsaw Uprising in 1944 and the systematic razing by the Germans in advance of the Vistula\u2013Oder Offensive. Warsaw gained the new title of Phoenix City because of its complete reconstruction after the war, which had left over 85% of its buildings in ruins.In 2012, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world. In 2017, the city came 4th in the \"Business-friendly\", 8th in \"Human capital and life style\" and topped the quality of life rankings in the region. The city is a significant centre of research and development, Business process outsourcing and Information technology outsourcing. The Warsaw Stock Exchange is the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe. Frontex, the European Union agency for external border security as well as ODIHR, one of the principal institutions of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe have their headquarters in Warsaw. Jointly with Frankfurt and Paris, Warsaw features one of the highest number of skyscrapers in the European Union.The city is the seat of the Polish Academy of Sciences, National Philharmonic Orchestra, University of Warsaw, the Warsaw University of Technology, the National Museum, Zach\u0119ta Art Gallery and the Warsaw Grand Theatre, the largest of its kind in the world. The picturesque Old Town, which represents examples of nearly every European architectural style and historical period, was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980. Other main architectural attractions include the Royal Castle and the iconic King Sigismund's Column, the Wilan\u00f3w Palace, the Palace on the Isle, St. John's Cathedral, Main Market Square as well as numerous churches and mansions along the Royal Route. Warsaw is positioning itself as Central and Eastern Europe's chic cultural capital with thriving art or club scenes and restaurants, with around a quarter of the city's area occupied by parks.", "Q1065894": "Charles Haskell Revson (October 11, 1906 \u2013 August 24, 1975) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was best known as a pioneering cosmetics industry executive who created and managed Revlon, through five decades.", "Q315664": "K-PAX is a 2001 American-German science fiction-mystery film based on Gene Brewer's 1995 novel of the same name, directed by Iain Softley, starring Kevin Spacey, Jeff Bridges, Mary McCormack, and Alfre Woodard. The film is about a psychiatric patient who claims to be an alien from the planet K-PAX. During his treatment, the patient demonstrates an outlook on life that ultimately proves inspirational for his fellow patients and especially for his psychiatrist.", "Q172653": "Dame Margaret Natalie Smith (born 28 December 1934) is an English actress. She has had an extensive career on stage, film, and television which began in the mid-1950s. Smith has appeared in more than 60 films, and is one of Britain's most recognisable actresses. She was made a Dame by Queen Elizabeth II in 1990 for contributions to the performing arts, and a Companion of Honour in 2014 for services to drama.Smith began her career on stage as a student, performing at the Oxford Playhouse in 1952, and made her professional debut on Broadway in New Faces of '56. For her work on the London stage, she has won a record six Best Actress Evening Standard Awards: for The Private Ear, and The Public Eye (both 1962), Hedda Gabler (1970), Virginia (1981), The Way of the World (1984), Three Tall Women (1994) and A German Life (2019). She received Tony Award nominations for Private Lives (1975) and Night and Day (1979), before winning the 1990 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for Lettice and Lovage. She appeared in Stratford Shakespeare Festival productions of Antony and Cleopatra (1976) and Macbeth (1978), and West End productions of A Delicate Balance (1997) and The Breath of Life (2002). She received the Society of London Theatre Special Award in 2010.\nOn screen, Smith first drew praise for the crime film Nowhere to Go (1958), for which she received her first nomination for a British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Award. She has won two Academy Awards, winning Best Actress for The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969) and Best Supporting Actress for California Suite (1978). She is one of only seven actresses to have won in both categories. She has won a record four BAFTA Awards for Best Actress, including for A Private Function (1984) and The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne (1988), a BAFTA for Best Supporting Actress for Tea with Mussolini (1999), and three Golden Globe Awards. She received four other Oscar nominations that were for Othello (1965), Travels with My Aunt (1972), A Room with a View (1986), and Gosford Park (2001).Smith played Professor Minerva McGonagall in the Harry Potter film series (2001\u20132011). Her other films include Love and Pain and the Whole Damn Thing (1973), Death on the Nile (1978), Clash of the Titans (1981), Evil Under the Sun (1982), Hook (1991), Sister Act (1992), Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit (1993), The Secret Garden (1993), The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2012), and The Lady in the Van (2015). She won an Emmy Award in 2003 for My House in Umbria, to become one of the few actresses to have achieved the Triple Crown of Acting, and starred as Lady Violet Crawley, Dowager Countess of Grantham, on Downton Abbey (2010\u20132015), for which she won three Emmys, her first non-ensemble Screen Actors Guild Award, and her third Golden Globe. Her honorary film awards include the BAFTA Special Award in 1993 and the BAFTA Fellowship in 1996. She received the Stratford Shakespeare Festival's Legacy Award in 2012, and the Bodley Medal by the University of Oxford's Bodleian Libraries in 2016.", "Q212679": "For other people with the same name, see Henry Payne.Henry Clay Payne (November 23, 1843 \u2013 October 4, 1904) was U.S. Postmaster General from 1902 to 1904 under Pres. Theodore Roosevelt. He died in office and was buried at Forest Home Cemetery in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was also a chairman of the Republican National Committee.\n\n", "Q15140": "The Rotst\u00f6ckli (2,901 m) is a peak of the Urner Alps below the Titlis, on the border between the Swiss cantons of Obwalden and Nidwalden. It is Nidwalden's highest point. The summit is split between the municipalities of Engelberg (Obwalden) and Wolfenschiessen (Nidwalden).", "Q469090": "Lynne Truss (born 31 May 1955) is an English author, journalist, novelist, and radio broadcaster and dramatist. She is arguably best known for her championing of correctness and aesthetics in the English language, which is the subject of her popular and widely discussed 2003 book, Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation. The book was inspired by a BBC Radio 4 show about punctuation, Cutting a Dash, which she presented.\nBesides her promotion of linguistic prescription and commentary on English grammar, Truss has written many radio plays, both comedic and dramatic. She has also written novels, and grammar guides for children.", "Q44469": "Holly Gagnier (born December 12, 1958) is an American actress.", "Q4232166": "Russian Opposition Coordination Council (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438) was a council created in October 2012 by Russian protesters. Due to the fractured nature of the opposition, in June 2012 activists decided to create a 45-member Opposition Coordination Council (OCC), which would try to coordinate and direct dissent in Russia.\nElections for the council were held on 20\u201322 October 2012. 170,000 people had registered on the site cvk2012.org, of whom nearly 98,000 were classed as \"verified\" and nearly 82,000 had cast their votes. The council was dissolved in October 2013.", "Q97631": "Philipp Tingler (born 1970 in West Berlin) is a Swiss and German writer, journalist, economist and philosopher. His literary and essayistic work is an ironic comedy of manners, focused on minds and styles in the upper realms of society.", "Q7311": "Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (UK: puu-CHEE-nee, US: poo-, Italian: [\u02c8d\u0292a\u02d0komo put\u02c8t\u0283i\u02d0ni]; 22 December 1858 \u2013 29 November 1924) was an Italian opera composer who has been called \"the greatest composer of Italian opera after Verdi\".Puccini's early work was rooted in traditional late-19th-century romantic Italian opera. Later, he successfully developed his work in the realistic verismo style, of which he became one of the leading exponents.\nPuccini's most renowned works are La boh\u00e8me (1896), Tosca (1900), Madama Butterfly (1904), and Turandot (1924), all of which are among the important operas played as standards.", "Q1132066": "The \u00c9cole sp\u00e9ciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM, literally the \"Special Military School of Saint-Cyr\") is the foremost French military academy \u2013 often referred to as Saint-Cyr (French pronunciation: \u200b[s\u025b\u0303 si\u0281]) \u2013 located in Co\u00ebtquidan in Guer, Morbihan, Brittany, along with the \u00c9cole militaire interarmes. Its motto is Ils s'instruisent pour vaincre, literally meaning \"They study to vanquish\" or, more freely put, \"Training for victory\". French cadet officers are called saint-cyriens or cyrards.French students who enter Saint-Cyr as cadets are about 21 years old, and undergo three years of training. All ESM cadets graduate with a master of arts or a master of science and are commissioned officers.The academy was founded in Fontainebleau in 1802 by Napoleon. It was moved in 1806 to the buildings of the former Maison Royale de Saint-Louis, in Saint-Cyr-l'\u00c9cole, west of Paris. During the Second World War, the cadets moved several times due to the German invasion. They eventually settled in 1945 in the Coetquidan military camp in Morbihan.", "Q383160": "Blood of the Vampire is a 1958 British colour horror film directed by Henry Cass and starring Donald Wolfit, Barbara Shelley, and Vincent Ball. The film was produced by Robert S. Baker and Monty Berman for Tempean Films, from a screenplay by Jimmy Sangster.\nMany horror fans thought the feature was a Hammer Films production when it came out, due to its similar look and Sangster's writer's credit. The film's U.S. release was in October 1958 as a double feature with Universal's Monster on the Campus.\nThe film's storyline, set in Transylvania, is about a scientist who uses the inmates of a prison for the criminally insane as sources for his gruesome blood-typing and -transfusion experiments that are keeping him alive.\n\n", "Q64961": "Felsberg (Romansh: Favugn) is a municipality in the Imboden Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q289459": "Mondovino (Italian: World of Wine) is a 2004 documentary film on the impact of globalization on the world's different wine regions written and directed by American film maker Jonathan Nossiter. It was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival and a C\u00e9sar Award.\nThe film explores the impact of globalization on the various wine-producing regions, and the influence of critics like Robert Parker and consultants like Michel Rolland in defining an international style. It pits the ambitions of large, multinational wine producers, in particular Robert Mondavi, against the small, single estate wineries who have traditionally boasted wines with individual character driven by their terroir.\nMondovino was originally intended to be a two-month affair as a break between feature projects upon the completion of Nossiter's film Signs & Wonders (2000). The film gave Nossiter a chance to utilize his knowledge as a trained sommelier from his time working at Balthazar in New York as well as an opportunity to visit some of the great wine regions of the world.", "Q160257": "Wanda Aleksandra Landowska (5 July 1879 \u2013 16 August 1959) was a Polish harpsichordist whose performances, teaching, recordings, and writings played a large role in reviving the popularity of the harpsichord in the early 20th century. She was the first person to record Johann Sebastian Bach's Goldberg Variations on the harpsichord (1933). She became a naturalized French citizen in 1938.", "Q42018": "Anuradha Paudwal (born 27 October 1954) is an Indian playback singer who works in Bollywood and the Marathi cinema. She was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award, by the Government of India in 2017. She is a recipient of the National Film Award and a four-time winner of the Filmfare Award. Although primarily a filmi singer, she has also sung several bhajans.Her maternal name is Alka Nadkarni . Especially she is a Marathi and Hindi film singer. But she has also sung [reference air] in films including Tamil, Oriya, Nepali etc. She made her debut in the field of singing from a Sanskrit verse in the Hindi film of the year 1949 named Ahiman. Herart came to the audience for the first time through a Marathi film, Yashoda, released in the same year. Since then, she has been singing for about four decades through the soundtrack of movie songs, lyrics and hymns. Anuradha Poudwal uses the money earned from the song to help the families of soldiers who died in the war, to provide electricity to poor families and to solve the problem of malnutrition. The Indo-British All Party Parliamentary Group in England boasted Anuradha Paudwal, her music career and social work in the Parliament of England.", "Q437852": "Peter Anderson Sessions (born March 22, 1955) is an American politician from Texas who served in the U.S. House of Representatives for 11 terms. He is a member of the Republican Party. He served as the chairman of the House Rules Committee from 2013 to 2019 and is a former chairman of the National Republican Congressional Committee. He was defeated for re-election by Democrat Colin Allred in the November 2018 election. On October 3, 2019, Sessions announced that he was running for Texas's 17th congressional district in the 2020 election.", "Q1568835": "Masada is an American television miniseries that aired on ABC in April 1981. Advertised by the network as an \"ABC Novel for Television,\" it was a fictionalized account of the historical siege of the Masada citadel in Israel by legions of the Roman Empire in AD 73. The TV series' script is based on the novel The Antagonists by Ernest Gann, with a screenplay written by Joel Oliansky. The siege ended when the Roman armies entered the fortress, only to discover the mass suicide by the Jewish defenders when defeat became imminent.\nThe miniseries starred Peter O'Toole as Roman legion commander Lucius Flavius Silva, Peter Strauss as the Jewish commander Eleazar ben Ya'ir, and Barbara Carrera as Silva's Jewish mistress. It was O'Toole's first appearance in an American miniseries.", "Q213567": "Jonathan Rhys Meyers (born Jonathan Michael Francis O'Keeffe; 27 July 1977) is an Irish actor. He is known for his roles in the films Michael Collins (1996),Velvet Goldmine (1998), Bend It Like Beckham (2002), Alexander (2004), Match Point (2005), Mission: Impossible III (2006) and his television roles as Elvis Presley in the biographical miniseries Elvis (2005), which earned him a Golden Globe Award, as King Henry VIII in the historical drama The Tudors (2007\u201310), which earned him two Golden Globe Award nominations, and in the NBC drama series Dracula (2013\u201314) as the title character. He also starred as Bishop Heahmund in the History Channel television series Vikings.Meyers has continued to star in other films, such as Albert Nobbs in 2011. In 2013, Meyers appeared as the villain Valentine Morgenstern in The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones, based on Cassandra Clare's novel, City of Bones, he appeared in the 2015 film Stonewall, directed by Roland Emmerich, in 2017, he starred in The 12th Man, and in 2018 he won the Best Actor award at the Manchester Film Festival for his starring role in Damascus Cover.Meyers has been the face of several Hugo Boss advertising campaigns. He has also been involved in several charitable causes, including the Hope Foundation, and the children's charity, Barretstown. Meyers is married to Mara Lane, and they have one son together.", "Q705694": "Berlin Alexanderplatz (German: [b\u025b\u0250\u032f\u02c8li\u02d0n \u0294al\u025b\u02c8ksand\u0250\u02ccplats]), originally broadcast in 1980, is a 14-part West German television miniseries, set in 1920s Berlin and adapted and directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder from Alfred D\u00f6blin's novel of the same name. It stars G\u00fcnter Lamprecht, Hanna Schygulla, Barbara Sukowa, Elisabeth Trissenaar and Gottfried John. The complete series is 15\u00bd hours long. In 1983, it was released theatrically in the United States, where a theatre would show two or three parts per night. It garnered a cult following in the US and was eventually released on VHS and broadcast on PBS and then Bravo. In 1985 it was transmitted in the United Kingdom on Channel 4.", "Q75878": "David Justus Ludwig Hansemann (12 July 1790 \u2013 4 August 1864) was a Prussian politician and banker, serving as the Prussian Minister of Finance in 1848.", "Q573976": "Anthony Terrell Seward Sampson (3 August 1926 \u2013 18 December 2004) was a British writer and journalist. His most notable and successful book was Anatomy of Britain, which was published in 1962 and was followed by five more \"Anatomies\", updating the original book under various titles. He was the grandson of the linguist John Sampson, of whom he wrote a biography, The Scholar Gypsy: The Quest For A Family Secret (1997). He also gave Nelson Mandela advice on Mandela's famous 1964 defence speech at the trial which led to his conviction for life.", "Q2134153": "Yeidckol Polevnsky Gurwitz (born 25 January 1958 in Mexico City as Citlali Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez Camacho) is a Mexican politician. She is the General Secretary of the National Regeneration Movement.\nShe was the Party of the Democratic Revolution's nominee for Governor of the State of Mexico in the 2005 election and served as a senator from the State of Mexico from 2006 to 2012.", "Q158904": "Korosten (Ukrainian: \u041a\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c, historically also Iskorosten \u0406\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c) is a historic city and a large railway node in the Zhytomyr Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. It is located on the Uzh River. Korosten serves as the administrative center of the Korosten Raion (district), though administratively it is not part of the raion and is incorporated as a city of regional significance. Its population is approximately 64,256\u2009(2017 est.), 63525 (January 1, 2018 est.)\n.", "Q542573": "Antonio Agri (May 5, 1932 \u2013 October 17, 1998) was an Argentine violinist, composer and conductor prominent in both the tango and classical music genres.\n\n", "Q5408388": "The Eugeniusz Geppert Academy of Fine Arts in Wroc\u0142aw (Polish: Akademia Sztuk Pi\u0119knych im. Eugeniusza Gepperta we Wroc\u0142awiu) is a public institution of higher learning established in 1946 originally as the College of Fine Arts. From 2008 the university bears the name of Polish master-painter Eugeniusz Geppert.", "Q356985": "Dominique Visse (born 30 August 1955) is a French countertenor and founder of the Ensemble Cl\u00e9ment Janequin.", "Q88705": "Hans Janitschek (6 November 1934 \u2013 21 February 2008) was an Austrian writer, a former Secretary General of the Socialist International, and the U.S. correspondent for the Austrian newspaper, the Kronen Zeitung.\n\n", "Q97625": "Albrecht Giese (10 February, 1524 \u2013 1 August, 1580) was a councilman and diplomat of the city of Danzig (Gda\u0144sk). He was a member of the Hanseatic League, and part of an important merchant family who had offices in London and Danzig. \n\n", "Q101871": "Ellen Dymphna Cusack AM (21 September 1902 \u2013 19 October 1981) was an Australian author and playwright.", "Q1795928": "King Abdulaziz University (KAU) (Arabic: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u200e) is a public university in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It was established in 1967 as a private university, by a group of businessmen led by Muhammad Abu Bakr Bakhashab and including writer Hamza Bogary. In 1974, King Abdulaziz University was converted to a public university by a decision of the Council Ministers of Saudi Arabia under then-King Faisal's orders. In 2016, it was ranked the #1 Arab university by Times Higher Education. King Abdulaziz University has been placed in the top 200 universities in the world by four major ranking tables.", "Q24389": "Edward Douglass White Sr. (March 3, 1795 \u2013 April 18, 1847) was tenth Governor of Louisiana and a member of the United States House of Representatives. He served five non-consecutive terms in Congress, as an adherent of Henry Clay of Kentucky and the Whig Party.\nWhite was born in Maury County, Tennessee, the illegitimate son of James White. (Although his parents apparently never married, his father acknowledged him, and the circumstances of his birth did not impede his education or future success.) James White was a delegate to the Continental Congress. While a young boy, Edward moved with his father to Louisiana.\nIn 1815, White graduated from the former University of Nashville, afterward beginning a law practice in Donaldsonville, Louisiana, the seat of Ascension Parish, south of Baton Rouge. Ten years later, he was appointed by Governor Henry S. Johnson, also of Donaldsonville, as an Associate Judge of the New Orleans Municipal Court in 1825.\nIn 1834 he married Catherine Sidney Lee Ringgold, daughter of Tench Ringgold, long the US Marshal in the District of Columbia. Their children included Edward Douglass White Jr.\nElected to the 21st United States Congress in 1828, White served three terms from 1829 until his resignation in 1834 after being elected as governor. He served a single term as governor (1835\u20131839). Afterward, he was elected to the US Congress again, serving two more terms from 1839 until 1843.\nWhite was among the survivors of the steamboat Lioness explosion that occurred on the Red River south of Natchitoches on May 19, 1833. He died in New Orleans and was buried at St. Joseph's Catholic Cemetery in Thibodaux, Louisiana. His home in Thibodaux is now operated by the Louisiana State Museum as the Edward Douglass White Historic Site.White's son Edward Douglass White Jr. was elected by the state legislature as a United States senator from Louisiana. He was appointed as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, later appointed 9th Chief Justice by U.S. President William Howard Taft.", "Q478189": "Michael Thomas Hancock, (born 9 July 1946) is a British politician. He was most recently an independent Member of Parliament (MP) for Portsmouth South.\nHancock formally resigned from the Liberal Democrat whip in early June 2014 until a civil court action brought against him by a female constituent alleging improper conduct was resolved. An out-of-court settlement with the woman, known only as 'Annie', was reached later in June 2014 in which Hancock admitted that he \"crossed the line\" into inappropriate behaviour. Hancock's resignation was announced on 18 September 2014.He stood as an independent candidate in the 2014 Portsmouth City Council elections and lost his seat in Fratton Ward to UKIP candidate Julie Swan. The Liberal Democrats lost overall control of the council.Hancock was previously the Member of Parliament for Portsmouth South for the SDP following a by-election in 1984 until 1987.\n\n", "Q140193": "Dorothy Margaret Salisbury Davis (April 25, 1916 \u2212 August 3, 2014) was an American crime fiction writer.", "Q1414256": "The Film and TV School of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (Czech: Filmov\u00e1 a televizn\u00ed fakulta Akademie m\u00fazick\u00fdch um\u011bn\u00ed v Praze) or FAMU is a film school in Prague, Czech Republic, founded in 1946 as one of three branches of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague. It is the fifth oldest film school in the world. The teaching language on most courses at FAMU is Czech, but FAMU also runs certain courses in English. The school has repeatedly been included on lists of the best film schools in the world by The Hollywood Reporter.\nIn the 1960s and 1970s, several young directors from Yugoslavia were FAMU students (Rajko Grli\u0107, Sr\u0111an Karanovi\u0107, Emir Kusturica, Goran Markovi\u0107, Goran Paskaljevi\u0107 and Lordan Zafranovi\u0107). All of these directors would become very successful in the following decades, prompting the coinage of the term Pra\u0161ka filmska \u0161kola (\"Prague film school\"), or Pra\u0161ki talas (\"Prague wave\"), which is sometimes considered a prominent subgenre of the Yugoslav cinema.\n\n", "Q69289": "Franz B\u00f6hm (16 February 1895, Konstanz \u2013 26 September 1977, Rockenberg) was a German politician, lawyer, and economist.", "Q207506": "Kyle Merritt MacLachlan (; born February 22, 1959) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Dale Cooper in Twin Peaks (1990\u20131991; 2017) and its film prequel Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992), as well as roles in two of David Lynch's films: Paul Atreides in Dune (1984) and Jeffrey Beaumont in Blue Velvet (1986). MacLachlan's other film roles include Lloyd Gallagher in The Hidden (1987), Ray Manzarek in The Doors (1991), Cliff Vandercave in The Flintstones (1994), Zack Carey in Showgirls (1995), and the voice of Riley's father in Inside Out (2015).\nHe has had prominent roles in television shows including appearing as Trey MacDougal in Sex and the City (2000\u20132002), Orson Hodge in Desperate Housewives (2006\u20132012), The Captain in How I Met Your Mother (2010\u20132014), the Mayor of Portland in Portlandia (2011\u20132018) and Calvin Zabo in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2014\u20132015).\nMacLachlan has won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Drama (1990), and was nominated in the same category in 2017, for playing the role of Dale Cooper in Twin Peaks. He has also been nominated for two Emmy Awards for Twin Peaks.", "Q490347": "George Clifton James (May 29, 1920 \u2013 April 15, 2017) was an American actor, best known for his roles as Sheriff J.W. Pepper alongside Roger Moore in the James Bond films Live and Let Die (1973) and The Man with the Golden Gun (1974), the sheriff in Silver Streak (1976), a Texas tycoon in The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training (1977), as the owner of the scandalous 1919 Chicago White Sox baseball team in Eight Men Out (1988), and earlier in his acting career as a prison floorwalker in Cool Hand Luke (1967).", "Q208635": "The Canada men's national soccer team (CanMNT; French: \u00c9quipe du Canada de soccer masculin) represents Canada in men's international soccer competitions at the senior men's level officially since 1924. They are overseen by the Canadian Soccer Association and compete in the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF).Their most significant achievements are winning the 1985 CONCACAF Championship to qualify for the 1986 FIFA World Cup and winning the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup to qualify for the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup. Canada is the only national team to win a Gold Cup aside from regional powerhouses Mexico and the United States. Canada also won a gold medal in the 1904 Summer Olympics. The 1986 World Cup was their only successful qualification campaign in their history.", "Q365397": "Adolph Sylvester \"Bud\" Herseth (July 25, 1921 \u2013 April 13, 2013) was principal trumpet in the Chicago Symphony Orchestra from 1948 until 2001, and served as principal trumpet emeritus from 2001 until his retirement in 2004.", "Q85221": "Albert Dohmen (born 17 June 1956) is a German operatic bass-baritone who is known internationally for performing leading roles by Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss. He has also worked in concert halls and given lieder recitals.", "Q29875": "Amund Maarud (born 7 April 1981 in Nes, Akershus, Norway) is a Norwegian blues/rock musician (guitar, vocals) and composer, known as a solo artist and as frontman of rock bands The Grand (2005-2010) and the duo \u00abMorudes\u00bb (2010 -) with his brother, the drummer Henrik Maarud.\n\n", "Q181917": "James David Graham Niven (; 1 March 1910 \u2013 29 July 1983) was an English actor, memoirist and novelist. His many roles included Squadron Leader Peter Carter in A Matter of Life and Death, Phileas Fogg in Around the World in 80 Days, and Sir Charles Lytton (\"the Phantom\") in The Pink Panther. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in Separate Tables (1958).\nBorn in London, Niven attended Heatherdown Preparatory School and Stowe School before gaining a place at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. After Sandhurst, he joined the British Army and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Highland Light Infantry. Having developed an interest in acting, he left the army, travelled to Hollywood and had several minor roles in film. He first appeared as an extra in the British film There Goes the Bride (1932). From there, he hired an agent and had several small parts in films from 1933 to 1935, including a non-speaking role in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's Mutiny on the Bounty. This brought him to wider attention within the film industry and he was spotted by Samuel Goldwyn. Upon the outbreak of the Second World War, Niven returned to Britain and rejoined the army, being recommissioned as a lieutenant. In 1942 he co-starred in the morale-building film about the development of the Supermarine Spitfire fighter, The First of the Few (American title Spitfire), which was enthusiastically endorsed by Winston Churchill.\nNiven resumed his acting career after his demobilisation, and was voted the second-most popular British actor in the 1945 Popularity Poll of British film stars. He appeared in A Matter of Life and Death (1946), The Bishop's Wife (1947) with Cary Grant, and Enchantment (1948), all of which received critical acclaim. Niven later appeared in The Elusive Pimpernel (1950), The Toast of New Orleans (1950), Happy Go Lovely (1951), Happy Ever After (1954) and Carrington V.C. (1955) before scoring a big success as Phileas Fogg in Michael Todd's production of Around the World in 80 Days (1956). Niven appeared in nearly a hundred films, and many shows for television. He also began writing books, with considerable commercial success. In 1982 he appeared in Blake Edwards' final \"Pink Panther\" films Trail of the Pink Panther and Curse of the Pink Panther, reprising his role as Sir Charles Lytton.", "Q70900": "Adolf Brand (14 November 1874 \u2013 2 February 1945) was a German writer, egoist anarchist, and pioneering campaigner for the acceptance of male bisexuality and homosexuality.\n\n", "Q520490": "Iuliu Winkler (born March 14, 1964) is a Romanian engineer, economist and politician. A member of the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR), he was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Hunedoara County from 2000 to 2004. In the C\u0103lin Popescu-T\u0103riceanu cabinet, he was Minister-Delegate for Commerce from December 2004 to April 2007, and Minister of Communications and Information Society from July to December 2007. Since that time, he has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP).", "Q92985": "Robin Li Yanhong (Chinese: \u674e\u5f66\u5b8f; pinyin: L\u01d0 Y\u00e0nh\u00f3ng; born 17 November 1968) is a Chinese computer scientist and internet entrepreneur. He is the co-founder of the search engine Baidu, and one of the richest people in China, with a net worth of US$18.5 billion as of October 2017. Li is a member of the 12th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He also invented RankDex, the first web search engine with page-ranking and site-scoring algorithms.\nLi studied information management at Peking University and computer science at the State University of New York at Buffalo. In 1996, he invented RankDex, the first web search engine with page-ranking and site-scoring algorithms. In 2000, he founded Baidu with Eric Xu. Li has been CEO of Baidu since January 2004. The company was listed on NASDAQ on August 5, 2005. Li was included as one of the 15 Asian Scientists To Watch by Asian Scientist Magazine on 15 May 2011.On August 29, 2014, Robin Li was appointed by the United Nations Secretary General, Mr. Ban Ki-Moon, as co-chair of the Independent Expert Advisory Group on Data Revolution for Sustainable Development.", "Q413728": "Cefuroxime, sold under the brand name Zinacef among others, is an antibiotic used to treat and prevent a number of bacterial infections. These include pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, sepsis, urinary tract infections, and Lyme disease. It is used by mouth or by injection into a vein or muscle.Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, allergic reactions, and pain at the site of injection. Serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile infection, anaphylaxis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is believed to be safe. It is a second-generation cephalosporin and works by interfering with a bacteria's ability to make a cell wall resulting in its death.Cefuroxime was patented in 1971, and approved for medical use in 1977. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, which lists the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. A week of treatment when taken by mouth in the United Kingdom costs the NHS about \u00a318 as of 2019. In the United States, the wholesale cost of this amount is about US$8.50. In 2016, it was the 291st most prescribed medication in the United States, with more than a million prescriptions.\n\n", "Q500740": "The Lille 1 University of Science and Technology (French: Universit\u00e9 Lille 1 : Sciences et Technologies, USTL) was a French university located on a dedicated main campus in Villeneuve d'Ascq, near Lille (Hauts-de-France - European Metropolis of Lille), with 20,000 full-time students plus 14,500 students in continuing education (2004). 1,310 permanent faculty members plus 1,200 staff and around 140 CNRS researchers work there in the different University Lille 1 institutes and 43 research labs. University Lille 1 was a member of the European Doctoral College Lille Nord de France, which produces 400 doctorate dissertations every year. The university is ranked in the world top 200 universities in mathematics by the Shanghai ranking.University Lille 1 was established as Faculty of Science in 1854 in Lille, although its academic roots extend back to 1559. It later moved to Villeneuve d'Ascq in 1967. The University focuses on science and technology. Law, business management and medical fields are taught in the independent campus of Universit\u00e9 de Lille II, while literature and social sciences are taught as part of the independent campus of Universit\u00e9 de Lille III. Altogether, the three university in Lille include more than 70,000 students and are the main parts of the Community of Universities and Institutions (COMUE) Lille Nord de France. \nAt the beginning of 2018, the three universities (Lille 1, Lille 2, Lille 3) merged to form the University of Lille; the UFRs of Lille 1 become Departments of the new Faculty of Science and Technology.", "Q18331828": "The Great Fire is a four-part television mini-series first shown on ITV from 16 October to 6 November 2014. It is set during the Great Fire of London in England in 1666. It was written by Tom Bradby and produced by Ecosse Films. Each hour-long (including commercial breaks) episode is set in one day of the fire.\n\n", "Q965237": "William Maginn (10 July 1794 - 21 August 1842), was a journalist and miscellaneous writer.", "Q124401": "Kurt von Fischer (25 April 1913 \u2013 27 November 2003) was a Swiss musicologist and classical pianist.", "Q93443": "St Trinian's is a 2007 British comedy film and the sixth in a long-running series of British films based on the works of cartoonist Ronald Searle set in St Trinian's School. The first five films form a series, starting with The Belles of St Trinian's in 1954, with sequels in 1957, 1960, 1966 and 1980. The release of 2007, 27 years after the last entry, and 53 years after the first film, is a rebooting of the franchise, rather than a direct sequel, with certain plot elements borrowed from the first film.\nWhereas the earlier films concentrated on the adults, this film gives the school pupils greater prominence. St Trinian's is an anarchic school for uncontrollable girls run by eccentric headmistress Camilla Dagey Fritton (the reboot continues the tradition, established by Alastair Sim in the original film, of casting a male actor to play the female headmistress, with Rupert Everett inheriting the role). \nSt Trinian's received mixed reviews but remains one of the highest-grossing British independent films of the last thirty years.", "Q1338295": "Ronald Michael Pope (born July 23, 1983) is an American pop and rock singer-songwriter. He is currently based in Nashville.", "Q172647": "Charles \"Chuck\" Stevenson (October 15, 1919 \u2013 August 21, 1995) was an American racecar driver.", "Q507749": "Andrew Stuart (August 3, 1823 \u2013 April 30, 1872) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.\nBorn near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Stuart moved to Pittsburgh with his mother in 1834. He received limited schooling. He worked in a newspaper office. He moved to Steubenville, Ohio, in 1850, where he was editor of the American Union 1850-1857.\nStuart was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1853 \u2013 March 3, 1855). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection. He engaged in the shipping business on the Gulf of Mexico and in the transportation of mails and supplies from Leavenworth, Kansas, to Santa Fe, New Mexico. He resided in Washington, D.C., from 1869 until his death, April 30, 1872. He was interred in Union Cemetery, Steubenville, Ohio.", "Q19008": "Arthur James Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour, (, traditionally Scottish ; 25 July 1848 \u2013 19 March 1930) was a British Conservative statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1902 to 1905. As Foreign Secretary in the Lloyd George ministry, he issued the Balfour Declaration in 1917 on behalf of the cabinet.\nEntering Parliament in 1874, Balfour achieved prominence as Chief Secretary for Ireland, in which position he suppressed agrarian unrest whilst taking measures against absentee landlords. He opposed Irish Home Rule, saying there could be no half-way house between Ireland remaining within the United Kingdom or becoming independent. From 1891 he led the Conservative Party in the House of Commons, serving under his uncle, Lord Salisbury, whose government won large majorities in 1895 and 1900. An esteemed debater, he was bored by the mundane tasks of party management.\nIn July 1902 he succeeded his uncle as Prime Minister. In domestic policy he passed the Irish Land Act 1903, which bought out most of the Anglo-Irish land owners. The Education Act 1902 had a major long-term impact in modernising the school system in England and Wales and provided financial support for schools operated by the Church of England and by the Catholic Church. Nonconformists were outraged and mobilized their voters, but were unable to reverse it. In foreign and defence policy, he oversaw reform of British defence policy and supported Jackie Fisher's naval innovations. He secured the Entente Cordiale with France, an alliance that isolated Germany. He cautiously embraced imperial preference as championed by Joseph Chamberlain, but resignations from the Cabinet over the abandonment of free trade left his party divided. He also suffered from public anger at the later stages of the Boer war (counter-insurgency warfare characterized as \"methods of barbarism\") and the importation of Chinese labour to South Africa (\"Chinese slavery\"). He resigned as Prime Minister in December 1905 and the following month the Conservatives suffered a landslide defeat at the 1906 election, in which he lost his own seat. He soon re-entered Parliament and continued to serve as Leader of the Opposition throughout the crisis over Lloyd George's 1909 budget, the narrow loss of two further General Elections in 1910, and the passage of the Parliament Act 1911. He resigned as party leader in 1911.\nBalfour returned as First Lord of the Admiralty in Asquith's Coalition Government (1915\u201316). In December 1916 he became Foreign Secretary in David Lloyd George's coalition. He was frequently left out of the inner workings of foreign policy, although the Balfour Declaration on a Jewish homeland bore his name. He continued to serve in senior positions throughout the 1920s, and died on 19 March 1930 aged 81, having spent a vast inherited fortune. He never married. Balfour trained as a philosopher \u2013 he originated an argument against believing that human reason could determine truth \u2013 and was seen as having a detached attitude to life, epitomised by a remark attributed to him: \"Nothing matters very much and few things matter at all\".", "Q502": "Marie-Henri Beyle (French: [b\u025bl]; 23 January 1783 \u2013 23 March 1842), better known by his pen name Stendhal (UK: , US: ; French: [st\u025b\u0303dal, st\u0251\u0303dal]), was a 19th-century French writer. Best known for the novels Le Rouge et le Noir (The Red and the Black, 1830) and La Chartreuse de Parme (The Charterhouse of Parma, 1839), he is highly regarded for the acute analysis of his characters' psychology and considered one of the early and foremost practitioners of realism.", "Q79924": "Hot Springs is a resort city in the state of Arkansas and the county seat of Garland County. The city is located in the Ouachita Mountains among the U.S. Interior Highlands, and is set among several natural hot springs for which the city is named. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 35,193. In 2018 the estimated population was 37,169.The center of Hot Springs is the oldest federal reserve in the United States, today preserved as Hot Springs National Park. The hot spring water has been popularly believed for centuries to possess healing properties, and was a subject of legend among several Native American tribes. Following federal protection in 1832, the city developed into a successful spa town. Incorporated January 10, 1851, the city has been home to Major League Baseball spring training, illegal gambling, speakeasies and gangsters such as Al Capone, horse racing at Oaklawn Park, the Army and Navy Hospital, and 42nd President Bill Clinton. One of the largest Pentecostal denominations in the United States, the Assemblies of God, traces its beginnings to Hot Springs.\nToday, much of Hot Springs's history is preserved by various government entities. Hot Springs National Park is maintained by the National Park Service, including Bathhouse Row, which preserves the eight historic bathhouse buildings and gardens along Central Avenue. Downtown Hot Springs is preserved as the Central Avenue Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The city also contains dozens of historic hotels and motor courts, built during the Great Depression in the Art Deco style. Due to the popularity of the thermal waters, Hot Springs benefited from rapid growth during a period when many cities saw a sharp decline in building; much like Miami's art deco districts. As a result, Hot Springs's architecture is a key part of the city's blend of cultures, including a reputation as a tourist town and a Southern city. Also a destination for the arts, Hot Springs features the Hot Springs Music Festival, Hot Springs Documentary Film Festival, and the Valley of the Vapors Independent Music Festival annually.", "Q1493339": "Peter William Ham (27 April 1947 \u2013 24 April 1975) was a Welsh singer, songwriter and guitarist, best known as a lead vocalist and composer of the 1970s rock band Badfinger, whose hit songs include \"No Matter What\", \"Day After Day\" and \"Baby Blue\". He also co-wrote the ballad \"Without You\", a worldwide number-one hit for Harry Nilsson that has become a standard covered by hundreds of artists. Ham was granted two Ivor Novello Awards related to the song in 1973.\nHam committed suicide in 1975, when he became depressed while embroiled in band-related issues, such as label and management problems, as well as a lack of funds.\n\n", "Q729418": "Hussein Chalayan (; Turkish: H\u00fcseyin \u00c7a\u011flayan [hyse\u02c8jin t\u0283a\u02d0la\u02c8jan]; born 8 August 1970) is a Turkish Cypriot/British fashion designer. He has won the British Designer of the Year twice (in 1999 and 2000) and was awarded the MBE in 2006.Chalayan is currently teaching at University of Applied Arts Vienna.", "Q673716": "The Grenzgipfel (4,618 m) (German for Border Summit) is a peak of Monte Rosa Massif (Pennine Alps), located on the border between Italy and Switzerland.\nThe Grenzgipfel is the highest summit on the Italian side of the Monte Rosa massif and the highest point of the entire border between Italy and Switzerland; it is also the culminating point of the Italian region of Piedmont and of the river Ticino drainage basin.\nThe closest locality is Macugnaga, which is located east of Monte Rosa Massif.", "Q172121": "Robert Kay Ball (August 26, 1925 \u2013 February 27, 1954) was an American racecar driver.\n\n", "Q496050": "Bad Segeberg (Low German: Sebarg) is a German town of 16,000 inhabitants, located in the state of Schleswig-Holstein, capital of the district (Kreis) Segeberg. It is situated approximately 50 kilometers (31 mi) northeast of Hamburg, and 25 kilometers (16 mi) west of L\u00fcbeck.\nIt is famous for its annual Karl May Festival, which takes place in the city's Kalkberg Stadium, a large amphitheater originally built by the Reich Labour Service into an exploited quarry at the Segeberger Kalkberg. \nThere is a large television tower in the middle of the city.", "Q238090": "Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich, better known under his pen name Sholem Aleichem (Yiddish and Hebrew: \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05db\u05dd, also spelled \u05e9\u05d0\u05b8\u05dc\u05e2\u05de\u05be\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05db\u05e2\u05de in Soviet Yiddish, [\u02c8\u0283\u0254l\u0259m a\u02c8l\u025bjx\u0259m]; Russian and Ukrainian: \u0428\u043e\u0301\u043b\u043e\u043c-\u0410\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0439\u0445\u0435\u043c) (March 2 [O.S. February 18] 1859 \u2013 May 13, 1916), was a leading Yiddish author and playwright. The musical Fiddler on the Roof, based on his stories about Tevye the Dairyman, was the first commercially successful English-language stage production about Jewish life in Eastern Europe. The Hebrew phrase \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05db\u05dd (shalom aleichem) literally means \"[May] peace [be] upon you!\", and is a greeting in traditional Hebrew and Yiddish.", "Q507991": "Algernon Henry Blackwood, CBE (14 March 1869 \u2013 10 December 1951) was an English broadcasting narrator, journalist, novelist and short story writer, and among the most prolific ghost story writers in the history of the genre. The literary critic S. T. Joshi stated, \"His work is more consistently meritorious than any weird writer's except Dunsany's.\" and that his short story collection Incredible Adventures (1914) \"may be the premier weird collection of this or any other century\".", "Q737626": "Genrikh Saulovich Altshuller (\u0413\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0440\u0438\u0445 \u0421\u0430\u0443\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0448\u0443\u0301\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440, pronounced [\u02c8\u0261\u02b2\u025bnr\u02b2\u026ax s\u0250\u02c8ul\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0259l\u02b2t\u0282ul\u02b2\u026ar]) (born Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, USSR, 15 October 1926; died Petrozavodsk, Russia, 24 September 1998), was a Soviet engineer, inventor, and writer. He is most notable for the creation of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, better known by its Russia acronym TRIZ. He founded the Azerbaijan Public Institute for Inventive Creation, and was the first President of the TRIZ Association. He also wrote science fiction under the pen-name Genrikh Altov.", "Q1337818": "Woodland Hills is a neighborhood bordering the Santa Monica Mountains in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California.", "Q501338": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (also known as Tales of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles for its fifth season) is an American 3D rendered computer animated television series based on the fictional superhero team. It aired on Nickelodeon in the United States from September 29, 2012 to November 12, 2017. It was produced by Nickelodeon Animation Studio and Bardel Entertainment, which handled layout and CG animation services. The series begins with the turtles emerging from their sewer home for the first time. They use their ninjutsu training to fight enemies in present-day New York City.\nThe series was first announced in October 2009, following the news that Nickelodeon's parent company Viacom had acquired the rights to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles franchise. The show was created to reach a core audience of boys aged 6 to 11; it was one half of Nickelodeon's strategy to reboot two established brands for new viewers, coinciding with Nickelodeon Animation Studio's development of new Winx Club episodes for girls. In 2011, it was revealed that the show's creative team would be led by designer Ciro Nieli and writers J. R. Ventimilia and Joshua Sternin.\nDuring the months leading to its premiere, Nickelodeon and Playmates Toys released lines of merchandise featuring the new character designs. The two-part premiere took place on September 29, 2012, reaching 3.9 million viewers. The debut ratings were the highest for a Nickelodeon animated series since 2009, leading to a second season pickup in October. Three more seasons followed; the fifth and final season was rebranded as Tales of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and did not fully air on Nickelodeon, as episodes 115-121 premiered exclusively on its sister channel Nicktoons.\nThe series was succeeded by Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles in July 2018.", "Q314208": "George \"Buddy\" Guy (born July 30, 1936) is an American blues guitarist and singer. He is an exponent of Chicago blues and has influenced guitarists including Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, Jimmy Page, Keith Richards, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Jeff Beck, Gary Clark Jr. and John Mayer. In the 1960s, Guy played with Muddy Waters as a house guitarist at Chess Records and began a musical partnership with the harmonica player Junior Wells.\nGuy was ranked 23rd in Rolling Stone magazine's \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\". His song \"Stone Crazy\" was ranked 78th in the Rolling Stone list of the \"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time\". Clapton once described him as \"the best guitar player alive\". In 1999, Guy wrote the book Damn Right I've Got the Blues, with Donald Wilcock. His autobiography, When I Left Home: My Story, was published in 2012.", "Q870148": "Monte Verit\u00e0 (literally mount of Truth) is a hill (350 meters or 1,150 feet high) in Ascona (Swiss canton of Ticino), which has served as the site of many different Utopian and cultural events and communities since the beginning of the twentieth century, having started out as a popular destination for Wandervogel hikers during the Lebensreform period.", "Q213215": "Back to 1942 is a 2012 Chinese historical film directed by Feng Xiaogang. It is based on Liu Zhenyun's novel Remembering 1942, and is about a major famine in Henan, China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War. On 11 November 2012, the film premiered at the International Rome Film Festival. The film was selected as the Chinese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.", "Q299138": "Scott Ramon Seguro Mescudi (born January 30, 1984), better known by his stage name Kid Cudi (; often stylized as KiD CuDi), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer and actor from Cleveland, Ohio. Cudi's first full-length project, a mixtape titled A Kid Named Cudi (2008) caught the attention of American rapper-producer Kanye West, who signed Cudi to his GOOD Music label imprint in late 2008.\nIn 2008 his debut single \"Day 'n' Nite\" reached the top five of the Billboard charts. Cudi's debut album Man on the Moon: The End of Day (2009) was later certified two-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In 2010, he released Man on the Moon II: The Legend of Mr. Rager, which was preceded by \"Erase Me\" and \"Mr. Rager\". Later that year Cudi formed a rock band, now known as WZRD, with his long-time collaborator Dot da Genius, releasing one eponymous debut album in early 2012. The album debuted at number one on the Top Rock Albums chart. In April 2013, Cudi released Indicud, which became his highest-charting album on multiple charts. In February 2014, Cudi unexpectedly released his fourth album, Satellite Flight: The Journey to Mother Moon, exclusively to digital retailers with no promotion. In 2015 Cudi released his rock album Speedin' Bullet 2 Heaven to mixed reception. In 2016 he returned to hip-hop with his sixth album Passion, Pain & Demon Slayin' to generally positive reviews. Cudi later released a joint album with West under the eponymous name Kids See Ghosts. The album was met with critical acclaim.\nIn 2010, Cudi ventured into acting when he was cast in the HBO series How to Make It in America. Cudi has since appeared in several feature films, including Goodbye World (2013), Need for Speed (2014), and Entourage (2015). In addition, he has made appearances on television shows such as One Tree Hill, The Cleveland Show, Brooklyn Nine-Nine, and Westworld. In 2015, he was the bandleader on the IFC series, Comedy Bang! Bang!.\nAs of 2020, Cudi has released six studio albums as a solo artist and has sold a combined 16 million records and has worked with numerous prominent artists in the music industry, including Travis Scott, Jay Z, Mary J. Blige, David Guetta, MGMT, Shakira, Snoop Dogg, Kendrick Lamar and Michael Bolton. After signing to GOOD Music, Cudi has since gone on to launch his own record label imprints, the now-dissolved Dream On and current independent label Wicked Awesome Records.", "Q168179": "Margaret Theresa Prosser, Baroness Prosser (born 22 August 1937) is a Labour life peer.\nProsser was born on 22 August 1937 in Tooting, London, the daughter of Frederick James and Lillian (n\u00e9e Barry) Prosser.She was educated at St Boniface Primary School, Tooting and St Philomena's School, Carshalton. She studied as a mature student at North East London Polytechnic, qualifying with a Post-graduate Diploma in Advice and Information Studies in 1977.Prosser became active in the Labour party and the trades union movement in the early 1970s, rising through the ranks of the Transport and General Workers' Union (T&G) to become Deputy General Secretary in 1998. She was President of the Trades Union Congress in 1996.\nShe was a member of the Equal Opportunities Commission 1985\u201392 and the Low Pay Commission 2000\u201305. She was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1997 Birthday Honours. From 1996 to 2001 she was Treasurer of the Labour Party.\nFrom 2002 to 2006 she was Chair of the Women's National Commission.On 11 June 2004, she was created Baroness Prosser, of Battersea in the London Borough of Wandsworth. From 1 November 2004 to 31 October 2010 she was a Non-Executive Director of Royal Mail plc.From 2006\u201312 she served as Deputy Chair of the Commission for Equality and Human Rights. In 2012 she published her autobiography Your Seat is at the End, written with Greg Watts and with a foreword by Tony Blair. As of 2019, Prosser is a Chair of The Board of Trustees of the Industry and Parliament Trust, which works to promote an understanding of business amongst parliamentarians and policymakers.", "Q23380": "Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres ( ANG-gr\u0259, French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303n\u203fo\u0261yst d\u0254minik \u025b\u0303\u0261\u0281]; 29 August 1780 \u2013 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassical painter. Ingres was profoundly influenced by past artistic traditions and aspired to become the guardian of academic orthodoxy against the ascendant Romantic style. Although he considered himself a painter of history in the tradition of Nicolas Poussin and Jacques-Louis David, it is his portraits, both painted and drawn, that are recognized as his greatest legacy. His expressive distortions of form and space made him an important precursor of modern art, influencing Picasso, Matisse and other modernists.\nBorn into a modest family in Montauban, he travelled to Paris to study in the studio of David. In 1802 he made his Salon debut, and won the Prix de Rome for his painting The Ambassadors of Agamemnon in the tent of Achilles. By the time he departed in 1806 for his residency in Rome, his style\u2014revealing his close study of Italian and Flemish Renaissance masters\u2014was fully developed, and would change little for the rest of his life. While working in Rome and subsequently Florence from 1806 to 1824, he regularly sent paintings to the Paris Salon, where they were faulted by critics who found his style bizarre and archaic. He received few commissions during this period for the history paintings he aspired to paint, but was able to support himself and his wife as a portrait painter and draughtsman.\nHe was finally recognized at the Salon in 1824, when his Raphaelesque painting of the Vow of Louis XIII was met with acclaim, and Ingres was \nacknowledged as the leader of the Neoclassical school in France. Although the income from commissions for history paintings allowed him to paint fewer portraits, his Portrait of Monsieur Bertin marked his next popular success in 1833. The following year, his indignation at the harsh criticism of his ambitious composition The Martyrdom of Saint Symphorian caused him to return to Italy, where he assumed directorship of the French Academy in Rome in 1835. He returned to Paris for good in 1841. In his later years he painted new versions of many of his earlier compositions, a series of designs for stained glass windows, several important portraits of women, and The Turkish Bath, the last of his several Orientalist paintings of the female nude, which he finished at the age of 83.", "Q1012": "Celje (pronounced [\u02c8ts\u025b\u0300\u02d0lj\u025b] (listen)) is the third-largest town in Slovenia. It is a regional center of the traditional Slovenian region of Styria and the administrative seat of the City Municipality of Celje (Slovene: Mestna ob\u010dina Celje). The town of Celje is located below Upper Celje Castle (407 m or 1,335 ft) at the confluence of the Savinja, Hudinja, Lo\u017enica, and Voglajna rivers in the lower Savinja Valley, and at the crossing of the roads connecting Ljubljana, Maribor, Velenje, and the Central Sava Valley. It lies 238 m (781 ft) above mean sea level (MSL).", "Q898386": "Gy\u00f6rgy Petri (22 December 1943 \u2013 16 July 2000) was a Hungarian poet.\n\n", "Q661312": "Rorschach is a constituency (Wahlkreis) in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. Wahlkreis (SFOS number 1722) has been established on June 10, 2001, totalling 40,454 inhabitants on an area of 50.37 km\u00b2. Rorschach is the capital of the Wahlkreis.", "Q177059": "Hakuin Ekaku (\u767d\u96a0 \u6167\u9db4, January 19, 1686 - January 18, 1769) was one of the most influential figures in Japanese Zen Buddhism. He is regarded as the reviver of the Rinzai school from a moribund period of stagnation, refocusing it on its traditionally rigorous training methods integrating meditation and koan practice.", "Q370942": "Shane Brolly is a Northern Irish actor, writer, and director, most known for his role as Kraven in the Underworld franchise.", "Q151920": "Tiberias (; Hebrew: \u05d8\u05b0\u05d1\u05b6\u05e8\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05d4, Tverya; Arabic: \u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u200e, romanized: \u1e6cabariyy\u0101) is an Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. Established around 20 CE, it was named in honour of the second emperor of the Roman Empire, Tiberius. In 2018 it had a population of 44,234.Tiberias has been held in great respect in Judaism since the mid-2nd century CE, and since the 16th century has been considered one of Judaism's Four Holy Cities, along with Jerusalem, Hebron and Safed. In the 2nd\u201310th centuries, Tiberias was the largest Jewish city in the Galilee and the political and religious hub of the Jews in the Land of Israel. Its immediate neighbour to the south, Hammat Tiberias, which is now part of modern Tiberias, has been known for its hot springs, believed to cure skin and other ailments, for some two thousand years.", "Q97143": "Frederick Philip Grove (February 14, 1879 \u2013 September 9, 1948) was a German-born Canadian novelist and translator.\nHe was a prolific translator in Germany, working under his original name Felix Paul Greve and posing as a dandy, before he left Berlin to start a new life in North America in late July 1909. Settling in Manitoba, Canada, in 1912, he became a well known Canadian fiction writer exploring Western prairie pioneer life in vibrant multi-cultural communities. A bigamist, Grove constructed his entire life as an intricate web of fact and fiction. He died in 1948 on his estate in Simcoe, Ontario, where he had resided since 1930.", "Q456512": "Grace Marguerite, Lady Hay Drummond-Hay (n\u00e9e Lethbridge, 12 September 1895 \u2013 12 February 1946) was a British journalist, who was the first woman to travel around the world by air (in a zeppelin). Although she was not an aviator herself at first, she contributed to the glamour of aviation and general knowledge of it, by writing articles about her aerial adventures for US newspapers in the late 1920s and early 1930s.", "Q918592": "Rahzel Manely Brown (born October 6, 1967), is an American beatboxer and rapper, formerly a member of The Roots.Rahzel is known for an ability to sing or rap while simultaneously beatboxing, as evidenced in his performances of \"Iron Man\" and his signature song \"If Your Mother Only Knew\", a hidden track on Make the Music 2000. His talents are showcased in various solo projects as well as on Ben Harper's 2000 single \"Steal My Kisses.\" He also provided his own voice on video games SSX and SSX Tricky. Rahzel was featured on the album True Love by Toots and the Maytals, which won the Grammy Award in 2004 for Best Reggae Album, and showcased many notable musicians including Willie Nelson, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, Trey Anastasio, Gwen Stefani / No Doubt, Ben Harper, Bonnie Raitt, Manu Chao, The Roots, Ryan Adams, Keith Richards, Toots Hibbert, Paul Douglas, Jackie Jackson, Ken Boothe, and The Skatalites.", "Q606389": "Jos\u00e9 Bento Renato Monteiro Lobato (April 18, 1882 \u2013 July 4, 1948) was one of Brazil's most influential writers, mostly for his children's books set in the fictional S\u00edtio do Picapau Amarelo (Yellow Woodpecker Farm) but he had been previously a prolific writer of fiction, a translator and an art critic. He also founded one of Brazil's first publishing houses (Companhia Editora Nacional) and was a supporter of nationalism.\nLobato was born in Taubat\u00e9, S\u00e3o Paulo. He is best known for a set of educational but entertaining children's books, which comprise about half of his production. The other half, consisting of a number of novels and short tales for adult readers, was less popular but marked a watershed in Brazilian literature.", "Q171428": "Roman Arkadyevich Abramovich (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447, pronounced [r\u0250\u02c8man \u0250r\u02c8kad\u02b2j\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0250br\u0250\u02c8mov\u02b2\u026at\u0255]; born 24 October 1966) is an Israeli-Russian billionaire businessman and politician.\nAbramovich is the primary owner of the private investment company Millhouse LLC, and is best known outside Russia as the owner of Chelsea F.C., a Premier League football club. He was formerly governor of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug from 2000 to 2008.\nAccording to Forbes, Abramovich's net worth was US$12.9 billion in 2019 making him the richest person in Israel, 11th-richest in Russia, and the 120th-richest person in the world. He has donated more money than any other living Russian, with donations between the years 1999 and 2013 of more than US$2.5 billion to build schools, hospitals and infrastructure in Chukotka. Despite this, Abramovich has been accused by his critics as being an oligarch.", "Q298226": "Anthemius of Tralles (Greek: \u1f08\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, Medieval Greek: [an\u02c8\u03b8emios o tralia\u02c8nos], Anth\u00e9mios o Trallian\u00f3s; c.\u2009474 \u2013 533 x 558) was a Greek from Tralles who worked as a geometer and architect in Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. With Isidore of Miletus, he designed the Hagia Sophia for Justinian I.", "Q446701": "Tomasz Kazimierz Tomczykiewicz (2 March 1961 \u2013 28 November 2015) was a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 22,221 votes in 27 Bielsko-Bia\u0142a district, candidating from the Civic Platform list and again in 2015 for the 8th Sejm.\nHe was also a member of Sejm 2001\u20132005, Sejm 2005\u20132007, Sejm 2007\u20132011. He was admitted to a hospital on 25 November 2015 due to a kidney ailment and died three days later.", "Q393401": "Aggro Berlin was a German hip-hop independent record label based in Berlin, Germany that existed from 1 January 2001 until 1 April 2009. Three artists; Sido, Tony D and Kitty Kat were signed with the label at the time of its closure.\nSince the end of 2007 it used to be a sub-label of Universal.\n\"Aggro\" (in this context a noun) is German slang for having an aggressive attitude (as in British English).", "Q827038": "The Academy of Media Arts Cologne\u2019s demanding project-based \u201cMedia and Fine Art\u201d courses give each student the chance to choose between and individually combine various artistic emphases. \u201cMedia and Fine Art\u201d at the KHM can be taken as a 9-semester (undergraduate / diploma I) or a 4-semester (postgraduate / diploma II) course. In both formats, the focus is on the development of artistic projects, supported through interdisciplinary supervision by professors, academic staff and technicians.\nStudent work takes place in the KHM\u2019s ateliers, studios and labs, which are furnished with high-quality equipment, reflecting the diversity of the areas of teaching. The connection between artistic praxis and art and media theory discourses, film theory analysis as well aesthetic and philosophical questioning is an integral part of the courses, the teaching and the research. \nThe range of student projects is wide and interdisciplinary. Examples include animation, feature and documentary films, photographic art, video art, experimental films, websites, Internet art, games, sound art and electronic music, art in public space, installations, performances, light art, screenplays, hybrid designs, TV and Internet formats, live directing and camera works. Students realise up to four of their own projects. In addition they also develop work within the framework of seminars and tutorials, some of which are collective pieces.\nThe Academy of Media Arts Cologne\u2019s diploma is internationally comparable with the MFA (Master of Fine Art). \nThe various artistic emphases that can be followed up in the course are organised into four departments: Art, exMedia, Film and Television, and Art and Media Studies, each represented by teaching staff and subject areas. \nThe following study emphases are only a sample of those available and are listed alphabetically: \n\u2022 Animation / 3D-Animation / Games \n\u2022 Art and media studies \n\u2022 Art in public space / Performance \n\u2022 Artistic Photography \n\u2022 Creative production / TV and Internet \n\u2022 Documentary film / Feature film / Live directing \n\u2022 Experimental computer science \n\u2022 Experimental film / Video art \n\u2022 Image design / Camera / Montage \n\u2022 Policy of networks / Interface / Code \n\u2022 Scriptwriting / Storytelling / Dramaturgy \n\u2022 Sound art / Sound studies \nMedia and Fine Art Diploma 1: undergraduate course in 9 semesters\nMedia and Fine Art Diploma 2: postgraduate course in 4 semesters\nDoctoral programme \n- Courses begin exclusively in the winter semester \n- The application period starts in October and ends the following January/February \n- Semester fees for German and international students are currently 300 Euro per semester (social security contributions, public transport semester ticket etc.) \nThe KHM accepts 70 to 80 new enrolments per winter semester, with an average of around 370 students in total, of which approximately one third are international students. The Academy of Media Arts Cologne diploma is comparable internationally to a MFA (Master of Fine Art). The Kunsthochschulgesetz (Art Colleges Act) provides the legal foundation for the KHM as well as six other art and music colleges in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.\nThe KHM\u2019s doctoral programme offers the possibility to write a philosophical dissertation leading to a university-comparable, academically founded Doctor of Philosophy. A link to artistic praxis is prerequisite to admission. However, the assessment of the dissertation, in all of its elements, remains an academic one. The number of doctoral candidates admitted is between 15 and 20 per year.\nThe interdisciplinary approach to teaching and research, the on-going collaboration with other colleges, both domestically and internationally, with cultural institutions, festivals, exhibition organisers as well as the film and media industries paves the way for networks and activities in the areas in which students, doctoral candidates and fellows will work after their degree course: They work successfully, for example, both individually as well as in collectives, as artists, programmers, film directors, camera men and women, scriptwriters, designers, producers or in other self-employed roles. And a substantial number of them now pass on their competence in higher-education teaching roles.", "Q60285": "Ernst Peter Wilhelm Troeltsch (German: [t\u0281\u0153lt\u0283]; 1865\u20131923) was a German liberal Protestant theologian, writer on the philosophy of religion and the philosophy of history, and a classical liberal politician. He was a member of the history of religions school. His work was a synthesis of a number of strands, drawing on Albrecht Ritschl, Max Weber's conception of sociology, and the Baden school of neo-Kantianism.\nHis \"The Social Teachings of the Christian Church\" (Die Soziallehren der christlichen Kirchen und Gruppen, 1912) is a seminal work in theology.", "Q632004": "Radboud University (abbreviated as RU, Dutch: Radboud Universiteit, formerly Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen and before that Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen) is a state funded Roman Catholic university with a strong focus on research located in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. RU has been included in the top 150 of universities in the world by four major university ranking tables.\nRU has seven faculties and enrolls over 22,000 students. The university features many student associations which encourage participation in extracurricular activities.", "Q354604": "Seva Novgorodsev MBE (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0430 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0446\u0435\u0432, which is a pseudonym, his real name being Vsevolod Borisovich Levenstein (\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d); born 9 July 1940) was a radio presenter on the BBC Russian Service, and is famous through the former Soviet Union.\nHe created the music programme \u00ab\u0420\u043e\u043a-\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u00bb (\"Rock sowing\" or \"Rock crops\", in Russian containing a pun with the name Seva) and the chat shows \u00ab\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u00bb (Sevaoborot, a pun with the Russian word sevooborot, \"crop rotation\") and \u00ab\u0411\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0430\u00bb (BBSeva). He has also written the books \u00ab\u0420\u043e\u043a-\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0432\u044b\u00bb (Rock the Seva way) and \u00ab\u0421\u0435\u043a\u0441, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0440\u043e\u043a-\u043d-\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u00bb (Sex, drugs, rock 'n' roll).\nHe was Russia's first radio deejay, and he has also features in a number of films. In 1981 he married to actress Karen Craig, with whom he co-wrote a Russian cookbook for Sainsbury's in 1990, but they later divorced. He is now married to Olga, who is a designer.\nOn 4 September 2015, at the age of 75, Seva retired from broadcasting.", "Q57429": "Danilo Medina S\u00e1nchez (Spanish pronunciation: [d\u032aa\u02c8nilo \u02c8sant\u0361\u0283es] : born 10 November 1951) is a Dominican politician and the current President of the Dominican Republic, since 2012.\nMedina previously served as Chief of Staff to the President of the Dominican Republic from 1996 to 1999 and from 2004 to 2006, and is a member of the Dominican Liberation Party (PLD). He won the May 2012 Dominican presidential election, defeating Hipolito Mej\u00eda with 51% of the votes. In 15 May 2016 Danilo Medina leading a coalition of parties won the 2016 Dominican presidential election, defeating the leader of the opposition and PRM candidate Luis Abinader with 61.8% of the votes, the highest percentage received by a president elected in free elections since 1924 when Horacio V\u00e1squez won the presidency with 69.8% of the ballots\u2014surpassing Juan Bosch's record of 59.5% obtained in 1962, and Leonel Fern\u00e1ndez's 57.1% of the votes obtained in 2004.", "Q463581": "Brian Edward Cox (born 3 March 1968) is an English physicist who serves as professor of particle physics in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester. He is best known to the public as the presenter of science programmes, especially the Wonders of... series and for popular science books, such as Why Does E=mc\u00b2? and The Quantum Universe. He has been the author or co-author of over 950 scientific publications.Cox has been described as the natural successor for BBC's scientific programming by both David Attenborough and Patrick Moore. Before his academic career, Cox was a keyboard player for the British bands D:Ream and Dare.\n\n", "Q672420": "The University of K\u00f6nigsberg (German: Albertus-Universit\u00e4t K\u00f6nigsberg) was the university of K\u00f6nigsberg in East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke Albert of Prussia, and was commonly known as the Albertina.\nFollowing World War II, the city of K\u00f6nigsberg was transferred to the Soviet Union according to the 1945 Potsdam Agreement, and renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The Albertina was closed and the remaining German population expelled. Today, the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University in Kaliningrad claims to maintain the traditions of the Albertina.", "Q71388": "Erol Sander (born 9 November 1968 as Ur\u00e7un Saliho\u011flu) is a Turkish-German actor.", "Q89355": "Matth\u00e4us Casimir von Collin (3 March 1779 \u2013 23 November 1824) was a leading poet in Vienna. Some of his works have been set to music by Schubert, such as Der Zwerg (D. 771), Wehmut (D. 772) and Nacht und Tr\u00e4ume (D. 827).Matth\u00e4us Casimir von Collin was born in Vienna, the younger brother of the Viennese poet and playwright Heinrich Joseph von Collin.\nHe was editor of the Wiener Jahrb\u00fccher der Literatur. He was sympathetic to the Romantic movement, and intimate with its leaders. His dramas on themes from Austrian national history (Belas Krieg mit dem Vater, 1808; Der Tod Friedrichs des Streitbaren, 1813) may be regarded as the immediate precursors of Grillparzer's historical tragedies.\nFrom 1815 until his death, he was one of the preceptors of the Duke of Reichstad, along with captain Johann Baptist von Foresti and under the direction of Count Moritz von Dietrichstein.He is the subject of a monograph by F. Laban (1879).\nHe died in Penzing, a former independent suburb of Vienna.", "Q63954": "Arosa is a town and a municipality in the Plessur Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. It is both a summer and a winter tourist resort.\nOn 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Calfreisen, Castiel, Langwies, L\u00fcen, Molinis, Peist and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.At the end of 2013 the Arosa ski resort was linked with Lenzerheide by cable-car, creating the new ski resort of Arosa Lenzerheide. Since then transport passes work in both resorts.\nThe official language of Arosa is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.\nThe resort is known throughout Switzerland for its famous ice hockey team, the EHC Arosa which used to be one of the most successful teams in the country.", "Q1869620": "Lonnie Elonzo Glosson (born Lonnie Marvin Glosson February 14, 1908 \u2013 March 2, 2001) was an American country musician, songwriter, and radio personality who was responsible for popularizing the harmonica on a national level. Glosson is known for his versatility as a live performer, both as a soloist and a group member, and for a radio career spanning nearly seven decades.", "Q448704": "Mary Ford (born Iris Colleen Summers; July 7, 1924 \u2013 September 30, 1977) was an American vocalist and guitarist, comprising half of the husband-and-wife musical team Les Paul and Mary Ford. Between 1950 and 1954, the couple had 16 top-ten hits, including \"How High the Moon\" and \"Vaya con Dios\", which were number one hits on the Billboard charts. In 1951 alone they sold six million records. With Paul, Ford became one of the early practitioners of multi-tracking.", "Q86066": "Walter Rilla (22 August 1894 \u2013 21 November 1980) was a German film actor of Jewish descent. He appeared in more than 130 films between 1922 and 1977. He was born in Neunkirchen, Germany and died in Rosenheim, Germany. \n\n", "Q255268": "Gretchen Mol (born November 8, 1972) is an American actress and former model. She is known for her role as Gillian Darmody in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire (2010\u20132014). She also appeared in the films Rounders (1998), Celebrity (1998), The Thirteenth Floor (1999), The Notorious Bettie Page (2005), in which she played the title character, 3:10 to Yuma (2007), and Manchester by the Sea (2016).", "Q320185": "Eugene Boris Mirman (born as Evgeniy Borisovich Mirman (\u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d) July 24, 1974) is a Russian-American comedian and writer known for playing Yvgeny Mirminsky on Delocated and Gene Belcher on the animated comedy Bob's Burgers.", "Q151908": "Pope Pelagius II (died 7 February 590) was the bishop of Rome from 26 November 579 to his death.Pelagius was a native of Rome, but probably of Ostrogothic descent, as his father's name was Winigild. Pelagius appealed for help from Emperor Maurice against the Lombards, but to no avail, forcing Pelagius to \"buy\" a truce and turn to the Franks, who invaded Italy, but left after being bribed by the Lombards.Pelagius labored to promote clerical celibacy, and he issued stringent regulations on this matter. During his pontificate, the bishop of Milan, who had broken communion with Rome in the Schism of the Three Chapters, returned to full communion around 581, while other bishops in Northern Italy remained in schism.Pelagius ordered the construction of the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura, a church shrine over the place where Saint Lawrence was martyred. During his reign, the Visigoths of Spain converted, but he also faced conflict with the See of Constantinople over the adoption of the title of \"Ecumenical Patriarch,\" which Pelagius believed to undermine the authority of the papacy.Pelagius fell victim to the plague that devastated Rome at the end of 590. His successor, Gregory I, thought his regulations of clerical celibacy too strict, and modified them to some extent.", "Q158092": "Zygmunt Bauman (; 19 November 1925 \u2013 9 January 2017) was a Polish-British sociologist and philosopher. He was driven out of the Polish People's Republic during the 1968 Polish political crisis and forced to give up his Polish citizenship. He emigrated to Israel; three years later he moved to the United Kingdom. He resided in England from 1971, where he studied at the London School of Economics and became Professor of Sociology at the University of Leeds, later Emeritus. Bauman was one of the world's most eminent social theorists, writing on issues as diverse as modernity and the Holocaust, postmodern consumerism and liquid modernity.", "Q460088": "Yiyun Li (Chinese: \u674e\u7fca\u96f2; born November 4, 1972) is a Chinese-American writer. Her short stories and novels have won several awards and distinctions, including the PEN/Hemingway Award and Guardian First Book Award for A Thousand Years of Good Prayers, \nand the 2020 PEN/Jean Stein Book Award for Where Reasons End.\nShe is an editor of the Brooklyn-based literary magazine A Public Space.", "Q289303": "\u00c9tienne Vincent Arago (9 February 1802 \u2013 7 March 1892) was a French writer and politician, and co-founder (with Maurice Alhoy) of the newspaper Le Figaro.", "Q192943": "Catherine Parr, sometimes alternatively spelled Katherine, Katheryn, Kateryn or Katharine (1512 \u2013 5 September 1548), was queen consort of England and Ireland (1543\u201347) as the last of the six wives of King Henry VIII, and the final queen consort of the House of Tudor. She married him on 12 July 1543, and outlived him by a year. With four husbands she is the most-married English queen.\nCatherine enjoyed a close relationship with Henry's three children and was personally involved in the education of Elizabeth I and Edward VI. She was influential in Henry's passing of the Third Succession Act in 1543 that restored both his daughters, Mary and Elizabeth, to the line of succession to the throne.Catherine was appointed regent from July to September 1544 while Henry was on a military campaign in France and in case he lost his life, she was to rule as regent until Edward came of age. However he did not give her any function in government in his will. In 1543, she published her first book, Psalms or Prayers, anonymously. On account of Catherine's Protestant sympathies, she provoked the enmity of anti-Protestant officials, who sought to turn the King against her; a warrant for her arrest was drawn up in 1545. However, she and the King soon reconciled. Her book Prayers or Meditations became the first book published by an English queen under her own name. She assumed the role of Elizabeth's guardian following the King's death, and published a second book, The Lamentation of a Sinner.\nHenry died on 28 January 1547. After the king's death, Catherine was allowed to keep the queen's jewels and dresses as queen dowager. About six months after Henry's death, she married her fourth and final husband, Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley. The marriage was short-lived, as she died on Wednesday, 5 September 1548 due to complications of childbirth. Parr's funeral was held on 7 September 1548. Parr's funeral was the first Protestant funeral in England, Scotland or Ireland to be held in English.", "Q1343169": "Frank Julian Sprague (July 25, 1857 in Milford, Connecticut \u2013 October 25, 1934) was an American naval officer and inventor who contributed to the development of the electric motor, electric railways, and electric elevators. His contributions were especially important in promoting urban development by increasing the size cities could reasonably attain (through better transportation) and by allowing greater concentration of business in commercial sections (through use of electric elevators in skyscrapers). He became known as the \"Father of Electric Traction\".", "Q311358": "John Michael Bishop (born February 22, 1936) is an American immunologist and microbiologist who shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Harold E. Varmus and was co-winner of 1984 Alfred P. Sloan Prize. He serves as an active faculty member at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), where he also served as Chancellor from 1998 to 2009.", "Q98258": "Christian Friedrich Ludwig (19 May 1757, Leipzig \u2013 8 July 1823, Leipzig) was a German physician and naturalist. He was the son of botanist Christian Gottlieb Ludwig (1709\u20131773). \nHe studied medicine at the University of Leipzig, where in 1779 he obtained his habilitation. In 1780/81 he took a study trip to southern Germany, Switzerland, France, the Netherlands and England. Afterwards in Leipzig, he became an associate professor of medicine (1782) and natural history (1787). In 1796 he was named a full professor of pathology, and he later attained professorships in therapy and materia medica (from 1812) and surgery (from 1820). On two separate occasions he served as rector at the University of Leipzig (1801/02) and 1807/08).", "Q722565": "George Frederick Allison (24 October 1883 \u2013 13 March 1957) was an English football journalist, broadcaster and manager. He was the BBC's first sports commentator and Arsenal's second longest serving manager.", "Q212123": "Vicky Cristina Barcelona is a 2008 romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Woody Allen. The plot centers on two American women, Vicky and Cristina, who spend a summer in Barcelona, where they meet an artist, Juan Antonio, who is attracted to both of them while still enamored of his mentally and emotionally unstable ex-wife Mar\u00eda Elena. The film was shot in Spain in Barcelona, Avil\u00e9s and Oviedo, and was Allen's fourth consecutive film shot outside the United States.\nThe film premiered at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival, then received a rolling worldwide general release that started on August 15, 2008, in the United States, and continued in various countries until its June 2009 release in Japan. The film was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards, including nominations for Bardem, Hall and Cruz for Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Supporting Actress, respectively, and won the award for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy. Cruz won both the Oscar and BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.\n\n", "Q619281": "Terry Butler is an American bassist who currently performs with the death metal bands Obituary and Massacre. He was also a member of Six Feet Under and Death. He was credited on the Death album Spiritual Healing, and band leader Chuck Schuldiner stated that on the latter Death album \"Terry contributed to the songwriting as well\".He is married with three children, and is brother-in-law of former bandmate Greg Gall.\nBefore he joined Six Feet Under, he was in Massacre with Rick Rozz, whom he played with in Leprosy-era Death. In an interview, Butler has stated: \"I'd rather be popular in the underground, than be unknown in the mainstream.\"In late 2011 it was announced that Butler was reforming Massacre with former bandmate Rick \"Rozz\" DeLillo, with the intention of securing a record deal, recording a new album, and international touring. The band performed on the cruise ship \"70,000 Tons of Metal\" in January 2012 and subsequently signed a worldwide recording agreement with Century Media Records. Terry has also agreed to join the all star guest list on the upcoming Vegas Rhythm Kings album Barrel O' Zombies.", "Q232595": "The Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a, Jiy\u016b-Minshut\u014d), frequently abbreviated to LDP or Jimint\u014d (\u81ea\u6c11\u515a), is a conservative political party in Japan.\nThe LDP has almost continuously been in power since its foundation in 1955\u2014a period called the 1955 System\u2014with the exception of a period between 1993 and 1994, and again from 2009 to 2012. In the 2012 election it regained control of government. It holds 285 seats in the lower house and 113 seats in the upper house, and in coalition with the Komeito, the governing coalition has a supermajority in both houses. Prime Minister Shinz\u014d Abe and many present and former LDP ministers are also known members of Nippon Kaigi, an ultranationalist and monarchist organization.The LDP is not to be confused with the now-defunct Liberal Party (\u81ea\u7531\u515a, Jiy\u016bt\u014d), which merged with the Democratic Party of Japan (\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a, Minshut\u014d) to become the Democratic Party (\u6c11\u9032\u515a, Minshint\u014d), the main opposition party until 2017. The LDP is also not to be confused with the Liberal Party (\u81ea\u7531\u515a, Jiy\u016b-t\u014d), a former minor social liberal party founded in 2016.", "Q1122249": "Julien Bertheau (19 June 1910 \u2013 28 October 1995) was a French actor.", "Q1672157": "Kenny Morris (born Kenneth Ian Morris; 1 February 1957) was the first studio drummer of Siouxsie and the Banshees. He joined the band in January 1977. His very first studio recording was in November 1977 when the band recorded their first John Peel session for BBC radio.\nHe played mostly toms. He influenced several drummers of the post-punk era including Stephen Morris of Joy Division, Kevin Haskins of Bauhaus, and Paul Ferguson of Killing Joke.During the recording of the band's debut single \"Hong Kong Garden\", producer Steve Lillywhite suggested him to not record all the drums at the same time. Morris did the bass drum and the snare drum first. Then he did the cymbals and the tom-toms later. Lillywhite also added echo on the drums, adding significant space to the entire recording. NME wrote that this Lillywhite's work with Morris \"revolutionis[ed] the post-punk band's sound with an innovative approach to laying down the drums\".Morris played on the albums The Scream and Join Hands and left the band in September 1979.", "Q428796": "Jareb Dauplaise (born March 18, 1979) is an American actor. He played Wayne in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody. He has also appeared in a commercial for the restaurant El Pollo Loco. Dauplaise stars in the film The Prankster, playing Blotto.Dauplaise stars in a web series called Blue Movies and he had a role in the MTV original series The Hard Times of RJ Berger, as the main character's best friend, Miles Jenner.", "Q74596": "Hans Bayer, known by the pseudonym Thadd\u00e4us Troll, (18 March 1914 \u2013 5 July 1980) was a German journalist and writer and one of the most prominent modern poets in the Swabian German dialect. In his later years, he was also an active campaigner for libraries and for support, pension rights, and fair publishing contracts for writers. He was born in Cannstatt, a suburb of Stuttgart, and committed suicide there at the age of 66. The literary award Thadd\u00e4us-Troll-Preis is named in his honour.", "Q881199": "Dennis Martin Daugaard (; born June 11, 1953) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 32nd governor of South Dakota from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he was the first chief executive of a U.S. state to be the child of deaf parents. Before being elected governor, he was a lawyer, banker, development director for a nonprofit organization; he also served as a state senator from 1997 to 2003 and the 37th lieutenant governor of South Dakota from 2003 to 2011.", "Q131742": "Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue. Some people with hepatitis have no symptoms, whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), poor appetite, vomiting, tiredness, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Hepatitis is acute if it resolves within six months, and chronic if it lasts longer than six months. Acute hepatitis can resolve on its own, progress to chronic hepatitis, or (rarely) result in acute liver failure. Chronic hepatitis may progress to scarring of the liver (cirrhosis), liver failure, and liver cancer.Hepatitis is most commonly caused by the viruses hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Other causes include heavy alcohol use, certain medications, toxins, other infections, autoimmune diseases, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hepatitis A and E are mainly spread by contaminated food and water. Hepatitis B is mainly sexually transmitted, but may also be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy or childbirth and spread through infected blood. Hepatitis C is commonly spread through infected blood such as may occur during needle sharing by intravenous drug users. Hepatitis D can only infect people already infected with hepatitis B.Hepatitis A, B, and D are preventable with immunization. Medications may be used to treat chronic viral hepatitis. Antiviral medications are recommended in all with chronic hepatitis C, except those with conditions that limit their life expectancy. There is no specific treatment for NASH; however, physical activity, a healthy diet, and weight loss are recommended. Autoimmune hepatitis may be treated with medications to suppress the immune system. A liver transplant may be an option in both acute and chronic liver failure.Worldwide in 2015, hepatitis A occurred in about 114 million people, chronic hepatitis B affected about 343 million people and chronic hepatitis C about 142 million people. In the United States, NASH affects about 11 million people and alcoholic hepatitis affects about 5 million people. Hepatitis results in more than a million deaths a year, most of which occur indirectly from liver scarring or liver cancer. In the United States, hepatitis A is estimated to occur in about 2,500 people a year and results in about 75 deaths. The word is derived from the Greek h\u00eapar (\u1f27\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1), meaning \"liver\", and -itis (-\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2), meaning \"inflammation\".\n\n", "Q310720": "Thomas Savery (; c. 1650 \u2013 1715) was an English inventor and engineer, born at Shilstone, a manor house near Modbury, Devon, England. He invented the first commercially used steam powered device, a steam pump which is often referred to as an \"engine\", although it is not technically an \"engine\". Savery's \"engine\" was a revolutionary method of pumping water, which solved the problem of mine drainage and made widespread public water supply practicable.", "Q111492": "Mirko Bonn\u00e9 (born 9 June 1965) is a German writer and translator.\nBonn\u00e9 was born in Tegernsee, Bavaria. In 1975 his family moved to Hamburg, where he attended the Hansa Gymnasium. He graduated from the Otto Hahn Gymnasium in Geesthacht in 1986 and worked as a bookshop assistant, taxi driver and nurse. His writing career began in the early 1990s with journalism, moving on to lyric poetry and translations.\nIn his poetry, influenced by Keats, Trakl and Eich, he treats the themes of landscape, life, and memory, while his prose, which includes novels about Shackleton and Camus, concerns itself with the mechanisms of oppression. He has published travel writing about South America, Russia, China, the United States, Iran, and Antarctica, and translated Anderson, Dickinson, Keats, Cummings, Creeley, Yeats, and Gherasim Luca. He is a member of PEN Germany and lives in Hamburg.\n\n", "Q359446": "John Regis Toomey (August 13, 1898 \u2013 October 12, 1991) was an American film and television actor.", "Q296545": "Vladimir Kosmich Zworykin (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u0417\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0301\u043a\u0438\u043d, Vladimir Koz'mich Zvorykin; July 29 [O.S. July 17] 1888 \u2013 July 29, 1982) was a Russian-American inventor, engineer, and pioneer of television technology. Zworykin invented a television transmitting and receiving system employing cathode ray tubes. He played a role in the practical development of television from the early thirties, including charge storage-type tubes, infrared image tubes and the electron microscope.\n\n", "Q89433": "Sir Geoffrey Rudolph Elton (born Gottfried Rudolf Otto Ehrenberg; 17 August 1921 \u2013 4 December 1994) was a German-born British political and constitutional historian, specialising in the Tudor period. He taught at Clare College, Cambridge, and was the Regius Professor of Modern History there from 1983 to 1988.", "Q369585": "Renegade Riders (Italian: Sette winchester per un massacro, lit. 'Seven Winchesters for a Massacre') is a 1967 Italian spaghetti western film. It represents the official film debut for director Enzo G. Castellari of Few Dollars for Django. The film stars Edd Byrnes and Guy Madison.", "Q1898801": "Mario Greco (born 16 June 1959) is an Italian businessman and the chief executive officer (CEO) of Zurich Insurance.\n\n", "Q3978140": "Suretone Records is an American record label established in 2006 as a joint venture by Jordan Schur, former CEO of Geffen Records, and Interscope Records, to release alternative rock music. Several high-profile bands such as Weezer, The Cure, Rooney, New Found Glory and Angels and Airwaves, the new band put together by Tom DeLonge (blink-182) will remain on Geffen and will carry the Suretone imprint. The Pink Spiders (which will be released through Geffen), Headway, Eastern Conference Champions and all newly signed acts, such as Shwayze, will be on Suretone Records and released by Interscope.\nThe label shut down in 2010 after the failures of albums by Chris Cornell and Shwayze. In 2016, the Suretone label returned with distribution through the Alternative Distribution Alliance.", "Q142974": "Ouriel Zohar (born 1952), is an Israeli and French theater director, playwright, poet and translator from French to Hebrew. professor at the Department of Humanities & Arts at the Technion University, created the Technion theater in 1986. Has been full professor at the University of Paris VIII since 1997 and at HEC Paris since 1995.", "Q92775": "Humphrey William Bouverie Carpenter (29 April 1946 \u2013 4 January 2005) was an English biographer, writer, and radio broadcaster.\n\n", "Q18458": "The Regional Municipality of York, also called York Region, is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada, between Lake Simcoe and Toronto. It replaced the former York County in 1971, and is part of the Greater Toronto Area and the inner ring of the Golden Horseshoe. The regional government is headquartered in Newmarket.\nThe 2016 census population was 1,109,909, with a growth rate of 7.5% from 2011 to 2016. The Government of Ontario expects its population to surpass 1.5 million residents by 2031.", "Q848399": "Easy listening (sometimes known as mood music) is a popular music genre and radio format that was most popular during the 1950s to 1970s. It is related to middle-of-the-road (MOR) music and encompasses instrumental recordings of standards, hit songs, non-rock vocals and instrumental covers of selected popular rock songs. It mostly concentrates on music that pre-dates the rock n' roll era, characteristically on music from the 1940s and 1950s. It was differentiated from the mostly instrumental beautiful music format by its variety of styles, including a percentage of vocals, arrangements and tempos to fit various parts of the broadcast day.\nEasy listening music is often confused with elevator music (\"Muzak\"), or lounge music, but while it was popular in some of the same venues it was meant to be listened to for enjoyment rather than as background sound.", "Q292723": "Im Soo-jung (born July 11, 1979) is a South Korean actress. After modeling for teen magazines, Im made her acting breakthrough in Kim Jee-woon's horror film A Tale of Two Sisters (2003), followed by the popular television drama I'm Sorry, I Love You (2004). She has since appeared in numerous films, notably Park Chan-wook's I'm a Cyborg, But That's OK (2006), Hur Jin-ho's Happiness (2007), Lee Yoon-ki's Come Rain, Come Shine (2011), and Min Kyu-dong's All About My Wife, for which she won Best Actress at the 33rd Blue Dragon Film Awards.", "Q6293853": "Jos\u00e9 Reis (June 12, 1907 \u2013 May 16, 2002) was a noted Brazilian scientist, journalist, scientific leader and science writer.\nReis was born in Rio de Janeiro, the eleventh of thirteen children. He attended secondary school at Col\u00e9gio D. Pedro II, and, on leaving school in 1924, was awarded the \"Pantheon\" prize, conferred on the best students of Col\u00e9gio D. Pedro II. He went on to study medicine at the University of Brazil's National Faculty of Medicine (presently Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) from 1925. During his medical course, he studied pathology at the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. After graduation, he worked from 1928 to 1929 at the Institute as a bacteriologist, having decided to specialize in scientific research in virology. For his achievements there, he received the Oswaldo Cruz Medal. As a result, he accepted an invitation to move to S\u00e3o Paulo in the next year and work at the Instituto Biol\u00f3gico (Biological Institute), an applied research center set up by the state government, in the section of bacteriology. Later, he studied at the Rockefeller Institute in New York City, United States, from 1935 to 1936.\nReturning to Brazil, Dr. Reis resumed his work at the Biological Institute. Under the instigation of the Institute's director, the German biologist Hermann von Ihering, to study a mysterious viral disease afflicting chicken producers in the state, he became gradually a renowned world expert on ornithopathology (avian diseases) and eventually was nominated director of the Institute. He felt also the urge to write pamphlets and booklets in a simple language, in order to instruct the agriculturists of the state on how to prevent and fight this and other diseases, and soon started to contribute regularly to a specialized magazine in this field, \"Ch\u00e1caras & Quintais\".\nIn 1947, Dr. Jos\u00e9 Reis, who now displayed a marvelous talent for explaining scientific concepts for laypeople, started a parallel career as a journalist, first by writing a science column at one of the town's two most important newspapers, the Folha de S.Paulo. He maintained this column for the next 55 years, until shortly before his death, probably a world record for a science newspaper columnist. The column was syndicated to many other newspapers. He also dabbed in general journalism, and became one of the editors-in-chief at the Folha from 1962 to 1968, during the critical years of the military r\u00e9gime which was installed in April 1964 in Brazil.\nAs a scientific leader, Reis was exceedingly important for the history of Brazilian science and technology, as one of the founders of the Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science (SBPC), in 1949, together with other important scientific personalities of the country, such as Jorge Americano, Paulo Sawaya, Maur\u00edcio Rocha e Silva, Gast\u00e3o Rosenfeld, Wilson Teixeira Beraldo, Jos\u00e9 Ribeiro do Vale and others . He was also the founder and the editor-in-chief for almost his entire life of \"Ci\u00eancia e Cultura\", SBPC's official journal.\nReis received many national and international prizes, awards and honours, such as the Jonh R. Reitermeyer Award, granted by the Inter-American Press Society and the Panamerican Press Union in 1964; and the prestigious Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science by UNESCO (United Nations Organization for Education, Science and Culture). In his honour, the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) instituted in 1978 the Jos\u00e9 Reis Science Communication Award. His name is honoured also in the N\u00facleo Jos\u00e9 Reis de Divulga\u00e7\u00e3o Cient\u00edfica, a research and education centre at the School of Communication and Arts of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo.\nReis continued his work at Folha de S.Paulo until his death in S\u00e3o Paulo; he died of complications of multiple pneumonia in 2002, at 94 years of age. His latest work, \u00c9tica e Divulga\u00e7\u00e3o Cient\u00edfica: Os Desafios do Novo S\u00e9culo (Ethic and Cientific Divulgation: The Challenges of the New Century), fifth in the Science Popularization Series, was published in the same year.", "Q315658": "The University of Wroc\u0142aw (UWr; Polish: Uniwersytet Wroc\u0142awski; German: Universit\u00e4t Breslau; Latin: Universitas Wratislaviensis) is a public research university located in Wroc\u0142aw, Poland. The University of Wroc\u0142aw was founded in 1945, replacing the previous German University of Breslau. Following the territorial changes of Poland's borders, academics primarily from the Jan Kazimierz University of Lw\u00f3w (now Lviv, Ukraine) restored the university building heavily damaged and split as a result of the Battle of Breslau (1945). Nowadays it is one of the most prominent educational institutions in the region.The University is currently the largest in Lower Silesian Voivodeship with over 100,000 graduates since 1945 including some 1,900 researchers among whom many received the highest awards for their contribution to the development of scientific scholarship. The University of Wroc\u0142aw is renowned for its relatively high quality of teaching, placing 44th on the QS University Rankings: EECA 2016, and is located in the same campus as the former University of Breslau, which produced 9 Nobel Prize winners.", "Q729356": "Charles Spencer Chaplin III (May 5, 1925 \u2013 March 20, 1968) was an American actor. He was a son of Charlie Chaplin and Lita Grey. He is known for appearing in 1950s films such as The Beat Generation and Fans of the Wild.", "Q432916": "Zoran Simjanovi\u0107 (pronounced [z\u01d2ran simj\u01ce\u02d0no\u028bit\u0255]; born 11 May 1946) is a Serbian composer. Since 1961 he founded and played in some of the most popular rock bands in Yugoslavia and abroad (Siluete, Elipse). He also wrote songs for his friends who won prizes in festivals, although he finally never had a great interest for pop music in general.\nSince 1975, he has composed scores for the cinema, television and theatre, in Yugoslavia and abroad. He wrote the music for no less than 55 films, including a large amount for television. He is currently teacher at the Faculty of Scenic Arts and the Faculty of Art of Music in Belgrade.\n\n", "Q302324": "Benji Gregory (born Benjamin Gregory Hertzberg; May 26, 1978) is an American actor. He is best known for playing the role of Brian Tanner on the sitcom ALF.", "Q7363645": "Ronald G. Cook (born late 1948) is an English actor who has been active in the theatre, film and television since the 1970s. He was born in South Shields, County Durham, England, and is a graduate of Rose Bruford College. Cook moved to Coventry with his family when he was six. The son of a school cook and a car worker, he went to Wyken Croft Junior School and then Caludon Castle School.", "Q49165": "Amherst College ( (listen) AM-\u0259rst) is a private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts. Founded in 1821 as an attempt to relocate Williams College by its then-president Zephaniah Swift Moore, Amherst is the third oldest institution of higher education in Massachusetts. The institution was named after the town, which in turn had been named after Jeffery, Lord Amherst, Commander-in-Chief of British forces of North America during the French and Indian War. Originally established as a men's college, Amherst became coeducational in 1975.Amherst is an exclusively undergraduate four-year institution; the school enrolled 1,855 students in fall 2018. Students choose courses from 38 major programs in an open curriculum and are not required to study a core curriculum or fulfill any distribution requirements; students may also design their own interdisciplinary major. For the class of 2023, Amherst received 10,567 applications and accepted 1,144, yielding a 10.8% acceptance rate. Amherst was ranked as the best liberal arts college in the country for 2018\u201319 by The Wall Street Journal, the second best liberal arts college in the country by U.S. News & World Report, and 16th out of all U.S. colleges and universities by Forbes in their 2018 rankings. Amherst competes in the New England Small College Athletic Conference.\nAmherst has historically had close relationships and rivalries with Williams College and Wesleyan University, which form the Little Three colleges. The college is a member of the Five College Consortium, which allows its students to attend classes at four other Pioneer Valley institutions: Mount Holyoke College, Smith College, Hampshire College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst.", "Q453330": "Michael Edward Love (born March 15, 1941) is an American singer and songwriter who co-founded the Beach Boys. Characterized by his nasal tenor leads and sometimes baritone singing, Love has been one of the band's vocalists and lyricists for their entire career, contributing to each of their studio albums and serving as their frontman for live performances. He is the cousin of bandmates Brian, Carl and Dennis Wilson, and is often regarded as a malign figure in the group's history, a reputation he acknowledges: \"For those who believe that Brian walks on water, I will always be the Antichrist.\"Love was one of Brian Wilson's collaborators during the Beach Boys' peak in the 1960s. Among the band's US Top 10 hits were the Wilson\u2013Love songs \"Fun, Fun, Fun\" (1964), \"California Girls\" (1965), and \"Good Vibrations\" (1966). Love's lyrics primarily reflected the youth culture of surfing, cars, and romance, which helped fashion pop culture's perception of the \"California Dream\". Starting in 1968, Love was a student of Transcendental Meditation (TM) under Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, and became a TM teacher in 1971. The experience influenced his lyrics to take on themes of astrology, meditation, politics and ecology. In the late 1970s, Love began working on solo albums, releasing his first in 1981: Looking Back with Love. In 1988, Love was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, along with the other founding members of the Beach Boys. In the same year, the song \"Kokomo\", co-written by Love, reached number one in the US and was nominated for a Grammy.\nMany of Love's contributions to the group's hits were not officially recognized until the 1990s, when he successfully sued for writing credits on 35 songs. He remains uncredited for another 44 Beach Boys songs he alleged to have co-written. In 1998, following the death of Carl Wilson, Love was given an exclusive license to tour as the Beach Boys with Bruce Johnston while their surviving bandmates embarked on solo endeavors. They have since reunited once, for the band's 50th anniversary.", "Q92761": "Ian Ashley Murdock (28 April 1973 \u2013 28 December 2015) was an American software engineer, known for being the founder of the Debian project and Progeny Linux Systems, a commercial Linux company.\n\n", "Q76395": "Alfred Grosser (born 1 February 1925) is a German-French writer, sociologist, and political scientist. He is known for his contributions towards the Franco-German cooperation after World War II and for criticizing Israel.", "Q41539": "Dame Caroline Harriet Haslett, DBE, JP (17 August 1895 \u2013 4 January 1957) was an English electrical engineer, electricity industry administrator and champion of women's rights.She was the first secretary of the Women's Engineering Society and the founder and editor of its journal, The Woman Engineer. She was co-founder, alongside Laura Annie Willson and with the support of Margaret, Lady Moir, of the Electrical Association for Women, which pioneered such 'wonders', as they were described in contemporary magazines, as the All-Electric House in Bristol in 1935. She became the first director of the Electrical Association for Women in 1925. Her chief interest was in harnessing the benefits of electrical power to emancipate women from household chores, so that they could pursue their own ambitions outside the home. In the early 1920s, few houses had electric light or heating, let alone electrical appliances; the National Grid was not yet in existence.\n\n'Way is being made by electricity for a higher order of women \u2013 women set free from drudgery, who have time for reflection; for self-respect. We are coming to an age when the spiritual and higher state of life will have freer development, and this is only possible when women are liberated from soul-destroying drudgery ... I want [every woman] to have leisure to acquaint herself more profoundly with the topics of the day.'", "Q94310": "Burton Melvin Cross (November 15, 1902 \u2013 October 22, 1998) was a Maine Republican businessman and politician. Cross was Maine's 61st and 63rd Governor", "Q859280": "The Big Sky Conference (BSC) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division I, with football competing in the Football Championship Subdivision. Member institutions are located in the western United States in the nine states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Four affiliate members each participate in one sport. Two schools from California are football-only participants, and two schools from the Northeast participate only in men's golf.", "Q934722": "Charles Sherman Ruggles (February 8, 1886 \u2013 December 23, 1970) was a comic American character actor. In a career spanning six decades, Ruggles appeared in close to 100 feature films, often in mild-mannered and comic roles. He was also the elder brother of director, producer, and silent film actor Wesley Ruggles (1889\u20131972).", "Q216437": "Augustus Fendler (January 10, 1813 \u2013 November 27, 1883), alternatively written as August Fendler, was a Prussian-born American natural history collector.", "Q5113577": "Professor Christos Pantelis is an Australian professor of medicine who is the Director of the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre.", "Q238912": "Lindsay Ann Crouse (born May 12, 1948) is an American actress. She made her Broadway debut in the 1972 revival of Much Ado About Nothing and appeared in her first film in 1976 in All the President's Men. For her role in the 1984 film Places in the Heart, she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Her other films include Slap Shot (1977), Between the Lines (1977), The Verdict (1982), Prefontaine (1997), and The Insider (1999). She also had a leading role in the 1987 film House of Games, which was directed by her then-husband David Mamet. In 1996, she received a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for \"Between Mother and Daughter\", an episode of CBS Schoolbreak Special. She is also a Grammy Award nominee.", "Q61831": "Calogero Alessandro Augusto Cal\u00e0, Known by his stage name Jerry Cal\u00e0 (born 28 June 1951), is an Italian actor, filmmaker, comedian and singer who has written, directed, and acted in multiple film and television projects. He is considered one of the most popular italian actors and comedians of the eighties and nineties in his country.", "Q559609": "Francis Dominic Nicholas Michael Rossi, OBE (born 29 May 1949) is an English singer, songwriter and musician. He is best known as the co-founder, lead singer and lead guitarist of the rock band Status Quo.", "Q258": "South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini (Swaziland); and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho. South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and, with over 58 million people, is also the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere, and the most populous country located entirely south of the equator (although Tanzania is not far behind). About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European, Asian (Indian), and multiracial (Coloured) ancestry.\nSouth Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions. Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution's recognition of 11 official languages, which is the fourth-highest number in the world. Two of these languages are of European origin: Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism, and is commonly used in public and commercial life, though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language. The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'\u00e9tat, and regular elections have been held for almost a century. However, the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994. During the 20th century, the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority, with this struggle playing a large role in the country's recent history and politics. The National Party imposed apartheid in 1948, institutionalising previous racial segregation. After a long and sometimes violent struggle by the African National Congress (ANC) and other anti-apartheid activists both inside and outside the country, the repeal of discriminatory laws began in the mid-1980s.\nSince 1994, all ethnic and linguistic groups have held political representation in the country's liberal democracy, which comprises a parliamentary republic and nine provinces. South Africa is often referred to as the \"rainbow nation\" to describe the country's multicultural diversity, especially in the wake of apartheid. The World Bank classifies South Africa as an upper-middle-income economy, and a newly industrialised country. Its economy is the second-largest in Africa, and the 33rd-largest in the world. In terms of purchasing power parity, South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income and the seventh-highest human development index in Africa. However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$1.25 a day. South Africa has been identified as a middle power in international affairs, and maintains significant regional influence.", "Q726071": "James William Buffett (born December 25, 1946) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, author, actor, and businessman. He is best known for his music, which often portrays an \"island escapism\" lifestyle. Together with his Coral Reefer Band, Buffett has recorded hit songs including \"Margaritaville\" (ranked 234th on the Recording Industry Association of America's list of \"Songs of the Century\") and \"Come Monday\". He has a devoted base of fans known as \"Parrotheads\".\nAside from his career in music, Buffett is also a best-selling writer and is involved in two restaurant chains named after two of his best-known songs; he owns the Margaritaville Cafe restaurant chain and co-developed the Cheeseburger in Paradise restaurant chain. Buffett is one of the world's richest musicians, with a net worth of $550 million.", "Q460922": "John Smeaton (8 June 1724 \u2013 28 October 1792) was an English civil engineer responsible for the design of bridges, canals, harbours and lighthouses. He was also a capable mechanical engineer and an eminent physicist. Smeaton was the first self-proclaimed \"civil engineer\", and is often regarded as the \"father of civil engineering\". He pioneered the use of hydraulic lime in concrete, using pebbles and powdered brick as aggregate. Smeaton was associated with the Lunar Society.", "Q185595": "Thomas Gordon Towers, (July 5, 1919 \u2013 June 8, 1999) was a Canadian politician, Member of Parliament (MP) and the 13th Lieutenant Governor of Alberta.", "Q64791": "Fritz von Unruh (German: [\u02c8\u028an\u0280u\u02d0]; 10 May 1885 in Koblenz, Rhine Province \u2013 28 November 1970 in Diez an der Lahn) was a German expressionist dramatist, poet, and novelist.", "Q1173774": "David Reeves Boggs (born 1950) is an electrical and radio engineer from the United States who developed early prototypes of Internet protocols, file servers, gateways, network interface cards\nand, along with Robert Metcalfe and others, co-invented Ethernet, the most popular family of technologies for local area computer networks.", "Q2455000": "The German Renaissance, part of the Northern Renaissance, was a cultural and artistic movement that spread among German thinkers in the 15th and 16th centuries, which developed from the Italian Renaissance. Many areas of the arts and sciences were influenced, notably by the spread of Renaissance humanism to the various German states and principalities. There were many advances made in the fields of architecture, the arts, and the sciences. Germany produced two developments that were to dominate the 16th century all over Europe: printing and the Protestant Reformation.\nOne of the most important German humanists was Konrad Celtis (1459\u20131508). Celtis studied at Cologne and Heidelberg, and later travelled throughout Italy collecting Latin and Greek manuscripts. Heavily influenced by Tacitus, he used the Germania to introduce German history and geography. Eventually he devoted his time to poetry, in which he praised Germany in Latin. Another important figure was Johann Reuchlin (1455\u20131522) who studied in various places in Italy and later taught Greek. He studied the Hebrew language, aiming to purify Christianity, but encountered resistance from the church. \nThe most significant German Renaissance artist is Albrecht D\u00fcrer especially known for his printmaking in woodcut and engraving, which spread all over Europe, drawings, and painted portraits. Important architecture of this period includes the Landshut Residence, Heidelberg Castle, the Augsburg Town Hall as well as the Antiquarium of the Munich Residenz in Munich, the largest Renaissance hall north of the Alps.", "Q2830577": "Alan Robert Graham (born June 20, 1942) is a Canadian retired politician in the Province of New Brunswick and he is the father of Shawn Graham, who was Premier of New Brunswick from 2006 to 2010.", "Q80365": "Maria Angela Ardinghelli (1730\u20131825) was an Italian translator, mathematician, physicist and noble, mostly known as the Italian translator of the works of Stephen Hales, a Newtonian physiologist. She translated two of his works; Haemastaticks and Vegetable Staticks. Aside from Ardinghelli's historical invisibility, she managed to remain relevant without being shunned into social isolation or derision by sharing her works with specific audiences.\n\n", "Q441734": "Beverly Wills (June 7, 1933 \u2013 October 24, 1963) was an American television and film actress.", "Q97619": "Anja Knauer (born 18 March 1979) is a German actress who has played the leading female role in some German films.", "Q310734": "Inkheart is a 2008 British-American-German fantasy adventure film directed by Iain Softley, produced by Cornelia Funke, Dylan Cuva, Sarah Wang, Ute Leonhardt, Toby Emmerich, Mark Ordesky, Ileen Maisel and Andrew Licht, written by David Lindsay-Abaire, music composed by Javier Navarrete and starring Brendan Fraser, Paul Bettany, Helen Mirren, Jim Broadbent, Andy Serkis, and Eliza Bennett. It is based on Cornelia Funke's novel of the same name.\nProduced by New Line Cinema, the film was released theatrically on December 12, 2008, in the UK and January 23, 2009, in the US by Warner Bros. Pictures. Inkheart received generally mixed reviews from critics and grossed $62,450,361 on a $60 million budget.\nInkheart was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on April 13, 2009. On January 12, 2009, a video game based on the film was released for the Nintendo DS.", "Q9314": "Scottish Gaelic (G\u00e0idhlig [\u02c8ka\u02d0l\u026ak\u02b2] (listen), Am Faclair Beag Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261a\u02d0l\u026a\u0261\u02b2]) or Scots Gaelic, sometimes referred to simply as Gaelic, is a Goidelic language (in the Celtic branch of the Indo-European language family) native to the Gaels of Scotland. As a Goidelic language, Scottish Gaelic, like Modern Irish and Manx, developed out of Old Irish. It became a distinct spoken language sometime in the 13th century in the Middle Irish period, although a common literary language was shared by Gaels in both Ireland and Scotland down to the 16th century. Most of modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, as evidenced especially by Gaelic-language place names.\nIn the 2011 census of Scotland, 57,375 people (1.1% of the Scottish population aged over 3 years old) reported as able to speak Gaelic, 1,275 fewer than in 2001. The highest percentages of Gaelic speakers were in the Outer Hebrides. Nevertheless, there are revival efforts, and the number of speakers of the language under age 20 did not decrease between the 2001 and 2011 censuses. Outside Scotland, a dialect known as Canadian Gaelic has been spoken in eastern Canada since the 18th century. In the 2016 national census, nearly 4,000 Canadian residents claimed knowledge of Scottish Gaelic.Scottish Gaelic is not an official language of the United Kingdom. However, it is classed as an indigenous language under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which the British government has ratified, and the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005 established a language-development body, B\u00f2rd na G\u00e0idhlig.", "Q129119": "Ruslana Stepanivna Lyzhychko (Ukrainian: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e, Ruslana Ly\u017ey\u010dko; born 24 May 1973), known mononymously as Ruslana, is a World Music Award and Eurovision Song Contest winning recording artist, holding the title of People's Artist of Ukraine. She is also a former MP serving as deputy in the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) for the Our Ukraine Party. Ruslana was the UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in Ukraine in 2004-2005. She is recognized as the most successful Ukrainian female solo artist internationally and was included in the top 10 most influential women of 2013 by the Forbes magazine. The U.S. Secretary of State honored her with the International Women of Courage Award in March 2014. She has been named an honorary citizen of her hometown L'viv and was nominated to receive the title Hero of Ukraine.She is a singer, songwriter, producer, musical conductor, multi-instrumentalist, dancer, voice actress and social activist. She writes, composes and produces her own songs and music videos. Since 28 December 1995 she has been married to Oleksandr Ksenofontov, a Ukrainian record producer. Together they have run the company Luxen Studio since 1993, producing radio and film trailers.Ruslana was the first artist from the former Soviet Union to officially receive a platinum disc, her Dyki tantsi album selling more than 170,000 copies in the first 100 days after its release. This album is the best selling Ukrainian album to date, together with its English version, more than 500,000 copies being sold solely in Ukraine.She won the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"Wild Dances\" receiving 280 points, which at that time was a record of points. Following her victory, she rose to fame in Europe and became one of the biggest pop stars from the Eastern part of the continent. Her winning song \"Wild Dances\" dominated the European charts for 97 weeks peaking at number one in Belgium for 10 consecutive weeks. Her Eurovision winning song was included on the official compilation album called The Very Best of Eurovision celebrating the 60th anniversary of the contest.Her repertoire includes songs performed mainly in Ukrainian and English, but she also recorded cover versions in Spanish and Latin languages.\n\n", "Q483461": "Anacleto Angelini Fabbri (January 17, 1914\u2013August 28, 2007) was an Italian-born Chilean businessman. At the time of his death, he was South America's wealthiest person, with an estimated net worth of US$6 billion. He was chairman at AntarChile, one of Latin America's largest conglomerates.", "Q99634": "Joachim Milberg (born 10 April 1943 in Verl (Westfalen)) is a German Professor of Production Engineering and past CEO of Bayerischen Motorenwerke AG (BMW). He was Chairman of the Supervisory Board of BMW until July 2015.\nMilberg was Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen. He was Member of the Board of Management for Production of BMW and became CEO when Bernd Pischetsrieder had to leave because of the Rover problems. Milberg stopped the Rover venture and reestablished the BMW success story.\nMilberg was the founding President of acatech - the German Academy of Science and Engineering.", "Q1162679": "Daniel Osvaldo Scioli (Spanish pronunciation: [da\u02c8njel \u02c8sjoli]; born 13 January 1957) is an Argentine politician, sportsman, and businessman. He was the Vice President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007, under N\u00e9stor Kirchner, and was Governor of Buenos Aires Province from 2007 to 2015. He has also served two tenures as president of the Justicialist Party. He was the candidate to the presidency for the Front for Victory ticket in the 2015 general elections, and lost to Mauricio Macri in a runoff election.", "Q212889": "Viktor Lvovich Korchnoi (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0439, IPA: [v\u02b2ikt\u0259r l\u02b2vov\u02b2\u026at\u0255 k\u0250rt\u0255\u02c8noj]; 23 March 1931 \u2013 6 June 2016) was a Soviet (before 1976) and Swiss (after 1980) chess grandmaster and writer. He is considered one of the strongest players never to have become World Chess Champion.Born in Leningrad, Soviet Union, Korchnoi defected to the Netherlands in 1976, and resided in Switzerland from 1978, becoming a Swiss citizen. Korchnoi played four matches, three of which were official, against GM Anatoly Karpov. In 1974, he lost the Candidates final to Karpov, who was declared World Champion in 1975 when GM Bobby Fischer refused to defend his title. Korchnoi then won two consecutive Candidates cycles to qualify for World Championship matches with Karpov in 1978 and 1981, but lost both. The two players also played a drawn training match of six games in 1971.\nKorchnoi was a candidate for the World Championship on ten occasions (1962, 1968, 1971, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1988 and 1991). He was also four times a USSR chess champion, five times a member of Soviet teams that won the European championship, and six times a member of Soviet teams that won the Chess Olympiad. In September 2006, he won the World Senior Chess Championship.", "Q64949": "Robert Pilatus (8 June 1965 \u2013 3 April 1998) was a German model, dancer, and singer. Pilatus was a member of the pop music duo Milli Vanilli, alongside Fabrice Morvan.", "Q1748": "Copenhagen (Danish: K\u00f8benhavn [k\u02b0\u00f8pm\u0329\u02c8h\u0251w\u02c0n] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark. As of 1 January 2020, the city had a population of 794,128 with 632,340 in Copenhagen Municipality, 104,305 in Frederiksberg Municipality, 42,989 in T\u00e5rnby Municipality, and 14,494 in Drag\u00f8r Municipality. It forms the core of the wider urban area of Copenhagen (population 1,320,629) and the Copenhagen metropolitan area (population 2,557,737). Copenhagen is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand; another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and it is separated from Malm\u00f6, Sweden, by the strait of \u00d8resund. The \u00d8resund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road.\nOriginally a Viking fishing village established in the 10th century in the vicinity of what is now Gammel Strand, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a regional centre of power with its institutions, defences and armed forces. During the renaissance the city served as the de facto capital being the seat of government of the Kalmar Union, governing the entire present day Nordic region in a personal union with Sweden and Norway ruled by the Danish monarch serving as the head of state. The city flourished as the cultural and economic center of Scandinavia under the union for well over 120 years, starting in the 15th century up until the beginning of the 16th century when the union was dissolved with Sweden leaving the union through a rebellion. After a plague outbreak and fire in the 18th century, the city underwent a period of redevelopment. This included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. After further disasters in the early 19th century when Horatio Nelson attacked the Dano-Norwegian fleet and bombarded the city, rebuilding during the Danish Golden Age brought a Neoclassical look to Copenhagen's architecture. Later, following the Second World War, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing and businesses along the five urban railway routes stretching out from the city centre.\nSince the turn of the 21st century, Copenhagen has seen strong urban and cultural development, facilitated by investment in its institutions and infrastructure. The city is the cultural, economic and governmental centre of Denmark; it is one of the major financial centres of Northern Europe with the Copenhagen Stock Exchange. Copenhagen's economy has seen rapid developments in the service sector, especially through initiatives in information technology, pharmaceuticals and clean technology. Since the completion of the \u00d8resund Bridge, Copenhagen has become increasingly integrated with the Swedish province of Scania and its largest city, Malm\u00f6, forming the \u00d8resund Region. With a number of bridges connecting the various districts, the cityscape is characterised by parks, promenades and waterfronts. Copenhagen's landmarks such as Tivoli Gardens, The Little Mermaid statue, the Amalienborg and Christiansborg palaces, Rosenborg Castle Gardens, Frederik's Church, and many museums, restaurants and nightclubs are significant tourist attractions. The largest lake of Denmark, Arres\u00f8, lies around 27 miles (43 kilometers) northwest of the City Hall Square.\nCopenhagen is home to the University of Copenhagen, the Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen Business School and the IT University of Copenhagen. The University of Copenhagen, founded in 1479, is the oldest university in Denmark. Copenhagen is home to the FC K\u00f8benhavn and Br\u00f8ndby football clubs. The annual Copenhagen Marathon was established in 1980. Copenhagen is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world.\nThe Copenhagen Metro, launched in 2002, serves central Copenhagen. Additionally the Copenhagen S-train, the Lokaltog (private railway) and the Coast Line network serve and connect central Copenhagen to outlying boroughs. Serving roughly two million passengers a month, Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup, is the busiest airport in the Nordic countries.", "Q204033": "Karekin I (Armenian: \u0533\u0561\u0580\u0565\u0563\u056b\u0576 \u0531. \u0545\u0578\u057e\u057d\u0567\u0583\u0565\u0561\u0576) (17 December 1867 in Khachisar (now Chardakhlu), Artsakh \u2013 21 June 1952 in Antelias, Lebanon) was a scholar of Armenian art and Catholicos of Cilicia of the Armenian Apostolic Church from 1943 to 1952.", "Q392045": "Rage at Dawn is a 1955 American Technicolor Western film directed by Tim Whelan, and starring Randolph Scott, Forrest Tucker, Mala Powers, and J. Carrol Naish. It purports to tell the true story of the Reno Brothers, an outlaw gang which terrorized the American Midwest, particularly Southern Indiana, in the period immediately following the American Civil War.\nA more successful version of the Reno brothers' story was released the following year as Love Me Tender, starring Elvis Presley as Clint Reno.", "Q242066": "Lester B. Pearson International Airport (IATA: YYZ, ICAO: CYYZ), branded as Toronto Pearson International Airport (simply known as Toronto Pearson, Pearson Airport or Pearson), is the primary international airport serving Toronto, its metropolitan area, and its surrounding region known as the Golden Horseshoe. It is the largest and busiest airport in Canada, the second-busiest international air passenger gateway in the Americas, and the 30th-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic, handling 50.5 million passengers in 2019. The airport is named in honour of Lester B. Pearson, Nobel Peace Prize laureate and 14th Prime Minister of Canada.\nToronto Pearson is located 22.5 kilometres (14.0 mi) northwest of Downtown Toronto with the majority of the airport situated in the city of Mississauga and a small portion of the airfield extending into Toronto's western district of Etobicoke. It features five runways and two passenger terminals along with numerous cargo and maintenance facilities on a site that covers 1,867 hectares (4,613 acres).Toronto Pearson is the primary hub for Air Canada and is among that airline's four hubs. It also serves as a hub for WestJet, cargo airline FedEx Express, and as a base of operations for Air Transat and Sunwing Airlines. Pearson is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) as part of Transport Canada's National Airports System, and is the largest airport in the world with facilities for United States border preclearance.An extensive network of non-stop domestic flights is operated from Toronto Pearson by several airlines to all major and many secondary cities across all provinces of Canada. As of 2019, over 75 airlines operate around 1,250 daily departures from the airport to more than 180 destinations across all six of the world's inhabited continents.", "Q1344174": "A talent agent, or booking agent, is a person who finds jobs for actors, authors, film directors, musicians, models, professional athletes, writers, screenwriters, broadcast journalists, and other professionals in various entertainment or broadcast businesses. In addition, an agent defends, supports and promotes the interest of their clients. Talent agencies specialize, either by creating departments within the agency or developing entire agencies that primarily or wholly represent one specialty. For example, there are modeling agencies, commercial talent agencies, literary agencies, voice-over agencies, broadcast journalist agencies, sports agencies, music agencies and many more.\nHaving an agent is not required, but does help the artist in getting jobs (concerts, tours, movie scripts, appearances, signings, sport teams, etc.). In many cases, casting directors or other businesses go to talent agencies to find the artists for whom they are looking. The agent is paid a percentage of the star's earnings (typically 10%). Therefore, agents are sometimes referred to as \"10 percenters\". Various regulations govern different types of agents. The regulations are established by artist's unions and the legal jurisdiction in which the agent operates. There are also professional associations of talent agencies.\nTalent agents are considered gatekeepers to their client's careers. They have the ability to reshape and reconstruct their client's image. They are dealmakers and assist their client by orchestrating deals within the entertainment industry, more specifically in the Hollywood entertainment industry. \nIn California, because talent agencies are working with lucrative contracts, the agencies must be licensed under special sections of the California Labor Code, which defines an agent as a \"person or corporation who engages in the occupation of procuring, offering, promising, or attempting to procure employment for an artist or artists.\"The four major Hollywood talent agencies are William Morris Endeavor (WME), Creative Artists Agency (CAA), United Talent Agency (UTA), and ICM Partners.", "Q101695": "Lorenz Caffier (24 December 1954 in Weixdorf, Saxony) is the chairman of the Christian Democratic Union in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.", "Q213229": "Robert Trujillo ( troo-HEE-yoh, Spanish: [ro\u02c8\u03b2e\u027eto t\u027eu\u02c8xi\u028eo]; born October 23, 1964) is an American musician and songwriter. He has been the bassist of the American heavy metal band Metallica since 2003. He was also a member of crossover thrash band Suicidal Tendencies, funk metal supergroup Infectious Grooves, heavy metal band Black Label Society, and has worked with Jerry Cantrell and Ozzy Osbourne.", "Q1811957": "Lee Roy Jordan (born April 27, 1941) is a former American football linebacker. After attending the University of Alabama, playing under head coach Paul \"Bear\" Bryant, he played 14 years in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys from 1963 to 1976. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1983.", "Q351768": "Ricky Fataar (born 5 September 1952) is a South African multi-instrumentalist of Cape Malay descent, who has performed as both a drummer and a guitarist. He gained fame as an actor in The Rutles: All You Need Is Cash, a spoof on the actual history of The Beatles in which he also performed as a member of The Rutles. He is also known for his stint as a member of The Beach Boys between 1971 and 1974. Fataar may also be recognized for his contributions as a record producer, and has worked on projects scoring music to film and television.", "Q349127": "Adam Nergal Darski (born Adam Micha\u0142 Darski, 10 June 1977) is a Polish musician and television personality, best known for being the frontman for the extreme metal band Behemoth.", "Q310052": "John Graham Mellor (21 August 1952 \u2013 22 December 2002), known from May 1975 as Joe Strummer, was a British musician, singer, composer, actor and songwriter who was the co-founder, lyricist, rhythm guitarist and co-lead vocalist of the Clash, a rock band formed in 1976 as part of the original wave of British punk rock.\nTheir second album, Give 'Em Enough Rope (1978) reached number 2 on the UK charts. Soon after, they achieved success in the US, starting with London Calling (1979), and peaking with 1982's Combat Rock, reaching number 7 on the US charts and being certified 2\u00d7 platinum there. The Clash's explosive political lyrics, eclectic musical experimentation, and rebellious attitude had a far-reaching influence on rock music in general, and alternative rock in particular. Their music incorporated reggae, ska, dub, funk, rap, and rockabilly.\nStrummer's career included stints with the 101ers, Latino Rockabilly War, the Mescaleros, and the Pogues, in addition to his own solo music. His work as a musician allowed him to explore other interests, including acting, creating film scores for television and movies, songwriting, radio broadcasting, and as a radio host on the BBC Radio show London Calling.\nStrummer and the Clash were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in January 2003. In his remembrance, Strummer's friends and family established the Joe Strummer Foundation (initially known as Strummerville), a non-profit organisation which gives opportunities to musicians and support to projects around the world that create empowerment through music.\n\n", "Q215658": "Julius Wolff (16 September 1834 \u2013 3 June 1910) was a German writer and poet. He enjoyed great popularity in Germany during the Gr\u00fcnderzeit. He was influenced by Joseph Victor von Scheffel.\n\n", "Q63798": "Ekin Delig\u00f6z (born 21 April 1971) is a Turkish-German politician, member of Alliance '90/The Greens. She currently serves as a member of the German Bundestag.\n\n", "Q713974": "Josef Daniel Stenb\u00e4ck (May 2, 1854, Alavus \u2014 April 27, 1929, Helsinki) was a Finnish church architect and engineer. He designed 35 churches for Finland, which until 1917 was part of the Russian Empire. Four of the churches were located in the current Russian territory of the Karelian Isthmus, ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944. Stenb\u00e4ck's churches represent Romantic nationalism or Gothic Revival. One of his most famous works is the Juselius Mausoleum.", "Q309503": "Masayori \"Masi\" Oka (\u5ca1 \u653f\u5049, Oka Masayori, b. 1974) is an American actor, producer, and digital effects artist who became widely known for his role on NBC's Heroes as Hiro Nakamura and in CBS's Hawaii Five-0 as Doctor Max Bergman.\n\n", "Q54134": "Newburyport is a small coastal, scenic, and historic city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Boston. The population was 17,416 at the 2010 census. A historic seaport with a vibrant tourism industry, Newburyport includes part of Plum Island. Plum Island consists of its own history as well. The mooring, winter storage and maintenance of recreational boats, motor and sail, still contribute a large part of the city's income. A Coast Guard station oversees boating activity, especially in the sometimes dangerous tidal currents of the Merrimack River.\nAt the edge of the Newbury Marshes, delineating Newburyport to the south, an industrial park provides a wide range of jobs. Newburyport is on a major north-south highway, Interstate 95. The outer circumferential highway of Boston, Interstate 495, passes nearby in Amesbury. The Newburyport Turnpike (U.S. Route 1) still traverses Newburyport on its way north. The Newburyport/Rockport MBTA commuter rail from Boston's North Station terminates in Newburyport. The earlier Boston and Maine Railroad leading farther north was discontinued, but a portion of it has been converted into a recreation trail.\n\n", "Q503513": "Luigi Freddi (12 June 1895, Milan \u2013 17 March 1977, Sabaudia) was an Italian journalist and politician, principally notable for being the first vice se\u0441retary of the Fasci italiani all'estero, and later one of those most responsible for Italian political cinema in the second half of the 1930s and the start of the 1940s.\nAs a futurist and a legionario fiumano (see Italian Regency of Carnaro), he edited Il Popolo d'Italia and in 1920 was one of the founders of the student avant-garde within the fighting Italian Fascist party and became director of the review Giovinezza.\nHe was then head press officer of the PNF (1923\u201324), vicesegretario (vice-secretary) of the Fasci italiani all'estero (FIE) (1927) and vice-director of the Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution.\nIn 1934 he was made head of the General Directorate of Cinematography, the Fascist organisation controlling cinema. Freddi aimed to create an entertainment cinema on the American type, imitating the commercial Hollywood model instead of the Soviet propaganda model. The Cinecitt\u00e0 studios (of which he became a director) and the Centro sperimentale di cinematografia film school were founded under his direction.", "Q288009": "\u00c9ric Caravaca (born 21 November 1966) is a French actor, film director and screenwriter.The son of an engineer, Caravaca (of Spanish origin) studied literature while taking acting lessons. After obtaining his degree, he left for Paris, where he joined l'\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure d'arts et techniques du th\u00e9\u00e2tre, and completed his formation at the Conservatoire national sup\u00e9rieur d'art dramatique. He then went to New York City in 1993, where he studied at the Actors Studio for a year.\nUpon his return to France, he began his career in theatre and gained attention in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot. He made his film debut in 1996, in Un samedi sur la terre by Diane Bertrand. He played mostly small roles until C'est quoi la vie?, directed by Fran\u00e7ois Dupeyron in 1999, which earned him the C\u00e9sar Award for Most Promising Actor. He worked again with Dupeyron in La chambre des officiers in 2001, and appeared as Luc in Patrice Ch\u00e9reau's film Son fr\u00e8re in 2003, opposite Bruno Todeschini.\nHe directed his first film The Passenger in 2005, in which he also played a role (Thomas), opposite Julie Depardieu, which was presented at the Venice Film Festival.", "Q117791": "G\u00e9rald Roger M\u00e9troz (born 16 May 1962 in Martigny) is a journalist, sports consultant, writer, and columnist.", "Q327826": "Imre Br\u00f3dy (1891, Gyula, Hungary\u20131944, M\u00fchldorf) was a Hungarian physicist who invented in 1930 the krypton-filled fluorescent lamps (also known as the krypton electric bulb),\nwith fellow-Hungarian inventors Emil Theisz, Ferenc K\u0151r\u00f6sy and Tivadar Millner. He developed the technology of the production of krypton bulbs together with Michael Polanyi (Hungarian: Pol\u00e1nyi Mih\u00e1ly). He was the nephew of writer S\u00e1ndor Br\u00f3dy.", "Q280455": "Faye Margaret Emerson (July 8, 1917 \u2013 March 9, 1983) was an American film and stage actress, and television interviewer who gained fame as a film actress in the 1940s, before transitioning to television in the 1950s, hosting her own talk show.\nBorn in Louisiana, Emerson spent the majority of her early life in San Diego, California. She became interested in theater while attending San Diego State College, and subsequently pursued an acting career, appearing in stock theater in California. She subsequently signed a contract Warner Bros., and began appearing in their films in 1941. She starred in several films noir, including Lady Gangster (1942), and Howard Hawks's war film Air Force (1943). In 1944, she played one of her more memorable roles as Zachary Scott's former lover in The Mask of Dimitrios. From 1944 to 1950, she was married to Colonel Elliott Roosevelt, son of Franklin Delano Roosevelt.\nIn 1949, Emerson began hosting The Faye Emerson Show, a late-night talk show series. She went on to become a prolific television interviewer, which earned her the nickname \"The First Lady of Television\". Throughout the 1950s, she also appeared in numerous Broadway stage productions. Emerson formally retired from show business in 1963, and retired to Europe. She resided there until 1983, when she died of stomach cancer in Dei\u00e0, Spain, aged 65. For her contributions to the motion picture industry, Emerson received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960. Her star is located at 6529 Hollywood Blvd.", "Q7138835": "Parkwood Entertainment is an American management and entertainment company founded by American singer Beyonc\u00e9 in 2010. The company began as a production unit for videos and films in 2008. It is located in New York City and its involvements include products for music production, motion pictures and television specials related to Beyonc\u00e9. The company's first release was the film Cadillac Records (2008).", "Q112831": "Colour Me Kubrick: A True...ish Story (released in the US as Color Me Kubrick) is a Franco-British comedy-drama film directed by Brian W. Cook and released in 2005. The film stars John Malkovich as Alan Conway, a man who had been impersonating director Stanley Kubrick since the early 1990s. The film follows the exploits of Conway as he goes from person to person, convincing them to give out money, liquor and sexual favours for the promise of a part in \"Kubrick's\" next film. The soundtrack, Colour Me Kubrick: The Original Soundtrack featured five songs co-written by Bryan Adams.\n\n", "Q924257": "Mah\u0101lang\u016br Him\u0101l (Nepali: \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0932\u0919\u094d\u0917\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932, Mah\u0101la\u1e45g\u016bra him\u0101la) is a section of the Himalayas in northeast Nepal and south-central Tibet of China extending east from the pass Nangpa La between Rolwaling Himal and Cho Oyu, to the Arun River. It includes Mount Everest, Lhotse, Makalu, and Cho Oyu \u2014 four of Earth's six highest peaks. On the Tibetan side it is drained by the Rongbuk and Kangshung Glaciers and on the Nepali side by Barun, Ngojumba and Khumbu Glaciers and others. All are tributaries to the Koshi River via Arun River on the north and east or Dudh Kosi on the south.\nMahalangur Himal can be divided into three subsections:\n\nMak\u0101lu (Nepali: \u092e\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0941) nearest the Arun River and along the Nepal-China border including Makalu 8463m, Chomo Lonzo 7790m south of the Kama valley in Tibet, Kangchungtse or Makalu II 7678m, Peak 7199 and some ten others over 6000 metres.\nBarun (Nepali: \u092c\u0930\u0941\u0923, Baru\u1e47a) inside Nepal and south of the Mak\u0101lu section. It includes Chamlang 7319m and Chamlang East 7235m, Peak 7316, Baruntse 7129m, Ama Dablam 6812m and about 17 others over 6000 metres.\nKhumbu (Nepali: \u0916\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0941) along the international border west of the Makalu section, Including the Everest massif: Everest 8848m, Lhotse 8516m, Nuptse 7855m and Changtse 7580m. West of Everest are Pumori 7161m and Cho Oyu 8201m plus some 20 others over 7000 metres and 36 over 6000 metres.The Khumbu region of Nepal is the best known populated part of the Mahalangurs since it is on the access trail to the normal (South Col) route up Everest.", "Q1159189": "Daniel Lee Wall, Jr. (born September 7, 1953, Atlanta) is an American jazz organist and pianist.\nWall was leading his own small group at Atlanta club the Carousel while still in high school. He attended the Berklee College of Music, then worked with Karl Ratzer from 1974 to 1977. Following this he played extensively with Jeremy Steig (1977-1982) and recorded with Ike Isaacs and Maxine Sullivan; he would also lead a trio with Isaacs and Steve Ellington during this time. In the 1980s he worked with Steve Grossman, Jimmy Madison, Henry Mancini, David Earle Johnson, and Eddie Gomez, and in the 1990s with John Abercrombie, Adam Nussbaum, Christoph Schweitzer, and Jerry Bergonzi. In addition to his work in pop and jazz idioms, he also does studio work for film scores and the advertising industry. He married singer Carol Veto in the 1980s; she sang in a group he led from 1985 to 1988.", "Q381039": "John Wilkins, (14 February 1614\u201319 November 1672) was an Anglican clergyman, natural philosopher and author, and was one of the founders of the Royal Society. He was Bishop of Chester from 1668 until his death.\nWilkins is one of the few persons to have headed a college at both the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. He was a polymath, although not one of the most important scientific innovators of the period. His personal qualities were brought out, and obvious to his contemporaries, in reducing political tension in Interregnum Oxford, in founding the Royal Society on non-partisan lines, and in efforts to reach out to religious nonconformists. He was one of the founders of the new natural theology compatible with the science of the time. He is particularly known for An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language (1668) in which, amongst other things, he proposed a universal language and an integrated system of measurement, similar to the metric system.\nWilkins lived in a period of great political and religious controversy, yet managed to remain on working terms with men of all political stripes; he was key in setting the Church of England on the path toward comprehension for as many sects as possible, \"and toleration for the rest\".\nGilbert Burnet called him \"the wisest clergyman I ever knew. He was a lover of mankind, and had a delight in doing good.\"His stepdaughter married John Tillotson, who became Archbishop of Canterbury.\n\n", "Q258980": "Alexandra Hedison (born July 10, 1969) is an American photographer, director, and actress.", "Q68815": "Christian Felix Wei\u00dfe (1726\u20131804) was a German writer and pedagogue. Wei\u00dfe was among the leading representatives of the Enlightenment in Germany and is regarded as the founder of German children's literature.", "Q173203": "Satchidananda Saraswati (22 December 1914 \u2013 19 August 2002), born as C. K. Ramaswamy Gounder and known as Swami Satchidananda, was an Indian religious teacher, spiritual master and yoga adept, who gained fame and following in the West.\nHe was the author of philosophical and spiritual books. He had a core of founding disciples who compiled and requested of Satchidananda Saraswati updated traditional handbooks of yoga such as the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali and the Bhagavad Gita for modern readers.\nThe international school Satchidananda Jothi Niketan is located in Mettupalyam, Tamil Nadu.", "Q210720": "The 20th (or XXe or vingti\u00e8me) arrondissement of Paris is the last of the consecutively numbered arrondissements of the capital city of France. Also known as M\u00e9nilmontant, it is located on the right bank of the River Seine and contains the city's cosmopolitan districts M\u00e9nilmontant and Belleville.\nThe 20th arrondissement is also internationally known for the P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery where one can find the tombs of many famous artists.", "Q259446": "Mar\u00eda Cristina Estela Marcela Jurado Garc\u00eda (16 January 1924 \u2013 5 July 2002), better known as Katy Jurado, was a Mexican actress of film, television, and theater. Jurado began her acting career in Mexico. She achieved some renown in her country's cinema during the period known as the Golden Age of Mexican cinema (1940s\u20131950s). In 1951, she was discovered by American filmmakers in Mexico and began her Hollywood career. She acted in notable Western films of the 1950s and 1960s. An exotic beauty, Jurado specialized in interpretations of complex, stereotyped and sexualized women. Her talent for playing a variety of characters helped pave the way for Mexican actresses in American cinema. She was the first Latin American actress nominated for an Oscar, as Best Supporting Actress for her work in Broken Lance (1954), and was the first to win a Golden Globe Award, for her performance in High Noon (1952).", "Q375351": "Charles-Eug\u00e8ne Delaunay (9 April 1816 \u2013 5 August 1872) was a French astronomer and mathematician. His lunar motion studies were important in advancing both the theory of planetary motion and mathematics.", "Q112366": "Victor L\u00e9on, also Viktor L\u00e9on (born Victor Hirschfeld; 4 January 1858, Szenic, Nyitra County, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire (today Senica, Slovakia) \u2013 3 February 1940, Vienna) was a well-known Jewish Austrian-Hungarian librettist. He collaborated with Leo Stein to produce the libretto of Franz Leh\u00e1r's romantic operetta The Merry Widow (Die lustige Witwe).", "Q209926": "Svitlana Serhiivna Loboda (Ukrainian: \u0421\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0430, Russian: \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0430, born 18 October 1982), also known by the stage name LOBODA, is a Ukrainian singer and composer. Loboda represented Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 and finished in 12th place with 76 points.", "Q271645": "Ana Mar\u00eda Aurora Garc\u00eda-Si\u00f1eriz Alonso (born 26 July 1965) is a Spanish TV presenter.\nShe has a bachelor's degree in Journalism from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and a master's degree in Radio from Radio Nacional de Espa\u00f1a. She worked in Lo + plus and Magacine in Canal+. She was the presenter, along with Boris Izaguirre, of TV show Channel n\u00ba4, which aired on Cuatro from 2005 to 2008. She is married to Gauthier Peyrouzet and has two children: Mateo (b. 1997) and Chloe (b. 2000).", "Q1822812": "Susanne Merethe Lundeng (born 18 August 1969 in Bod\u00f8, Norway) is a Norwegian traditional folk musician (fiddle) and composer.\n\n", "Q266339": "J\u00f3zef Zachariasz Bem (Hungarian: Bem J\u00f3zsef, Turkish: Murat Pasha; March 14, 1794, Tarn\u00f3w \u2013 December 10, 1850, Aleppo) was a Polish engineer and general, an Ottoman pasha and a national hero of Poland and Hungary, and a figure intertwined with other European patriotic movements. Like Tadeusz Ko\u015bciuszko (who fought in the American War of Independence) and Jan Henryk D\u0105browski (who fought alongside Napoleon Bonaparte in Italy and in the French Invasion of Russia), Bem fought outside Poland's borders anywhere his leadership and military skills were needed.", "Q261456": "Delphine Claire Beltiane Seyrig (French: [s\u025b\u0281i\u0261]; 10 April 1932 \u2013 15 October 1990) was a Lebanese-born French stage and film actress, a film director and a feminist.", "Q323117": "Cyril Bradley Rootham (5 October 1875 \u2013 18 March 1938) was an English composer, educator and organist. His work at Cambridge University made him an influential figure in English music life. A Fellow of St John's College, where he was also organist, Rootham ran the Cambridge University Musical Society, whose innovative concert programming helped form English musical tastes of the time. One of his students was the younger composer Arthur Bliss, who valued his tuition in orchestration. Rootham's own compositions include two symphonies and several smaller orchestral pieces, an opera, chamber music, and many choral settings. Among his solo songs are some settings of verses by Siegfried Sassoon which were made in co-operation with the poet.", "Q3525355": "Thomas Leysen (born 1960) is a Belgian entrepreneur who graduated from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven with a degree in law.", "Q26993": "Hans Theodor Woldsen Storm (14 September 1817 \u2013 4 July 1888), commonly known as Theodor Storm, was a German writer. He is considered to be one of the most important figures of German realism.", "Q782248": "Nigel Edward Doughty (10 June 1957 \u2013 4 February 2012) was co-chairman and co-founder of Doughty Hanson & Co, a European private equity firm based in London and with offices throughout Europe.\nDoughty was born in Newark, Nottinghamshire. Doughty Hanson & Co traces its history back to 1985 when Doughty and Richard Hanson began working together on European investments. Doughty completed his Cranfield BA in 1984 and became a Distinguished Alumnus of the Cranfield School of Management in 2004. He made a personal donation in 2006 to establish the Doughty Centre for Corporate Responsibility at Cranfield School of Management.\nHe was also President of The Cranfield Trust.\nDoughty was a Trustee of the Doughty Family Foundation and the Doughty Hanson Charitable Foundation.Doughty was an Assistant Treasurer of the Labour Party and Chairman of the current Small Business Taskforce policy review. He was a member of the World Economic Forum in Davos.Doughty bought control of Nottingham Forest F.C. for \u00a311 million in 1999. After the departure of Steve McClaren as Forest manager in October 2011, Doughty announced his decision to step down as Forest chairman by the end of the 2011\u201312 season. Doughty's son Michael is a professional footballer.\nOn 4 February 2012, Doughty was found dead in the gymnasium of his home in Skillington, Lincolnshire. His death was due to Sudden Adult Death Syndrome (SADS). He is survived by his widow Lucy and his four children: Helena, Michael, Sean and Lucas.", "Q172492": "John Cooper Fitch (August 4, 1917 in Indianapolis, Indiana \u2013 October 31, 2012) was an American racing driver and inventor. He was the first American to race automobiles successfully in Europe in the post-war era.\nIn the course of a driving career which spanned 18 years, Fitch won such notable sports car races as the Gran Premio de Eva Duarte Per\u00f3n \u2013 Sport, 1953 12 Hours of Sebring, 1955 Mille Miglia (production car class), and the 1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, as well as numerous SCCA National Sports Car Championship races. He was also involved in Briggs Cunningham\u2019s ambitious Le Mans projects in the early 1950s, and was later a member of the Mercedes-Benz sport car team. He also competed in two World Championship Grands Prix.\nAfter retirement in 1964, Fitch was the manager of Lime Rock circuit, and a former team boss of Chevrolet's Corvette racing team. His biggest legacy is motor sport safety, as well as pioneering work to improve road car safety, and this has helped save countless lives. He had worked on advanced driver safety capsule systems. He was also a track design consultant, as well as inventing many other automotive devices. Even into his 90s, Fitch was still a consultant, and appeared at historic events.", "Q749887": "Erik Dean Prince (born June 6, 1969) is an American businessman, former U.S. Navy SEAL officer, and the founder of the private military company Blackwater USA, now called Academi. He served as Blackwater's CEO until 2009 and as its chairman until its sale to a group of investors in 2010. Prince now heads the private equity firm Frontier Resource Group and is chairman of Hong Kong-listed Frontier Services Group Ltd. He is the brother of U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos.", "Q706148": "Kerry Churchill Minnear (born 2 January 1948, in Shaftesbury, Dorset, England) is a classically trained multi-instrumentalist who played in the progressive rock band Gentle Giant during the 1970s.\nMinnear received a classical music education at the Royal Academy of Music, with a degree in composition.\nContributing to the band's success as one of the composers and arrangers, Kerry, unlike most of the keyboardists of his time, chose to create natural sounds from his keyboards. Like the other members of Gentle Giant, he is quite adept on a number of instruments including the cello, drums, guitar, bass, idiophones, recorder, vibraphone, theremin, and timpani.\nMinnear also composed the soundtrack to the 1996 video game Azrael's Tear, along with bandmate Ray Shulman.He now lives in Solihull (West Midlands) with his wife Lesley and has three children, Sally, Sam and Susie. Still part of the Gentle Giant franchise, he also composes for film and television.\nIn the years since the disbanding of Gentle Giant, Minnear has been a member of The Reapers during the 1980s. He has also been a teacher and, being a Christian, a church musician He and his wife Lesley own Alucard Music, which releases Gentle Giant CDs and DVDs.\nHis son Sam Minnear is a founding member of alternative pop band Misty's Big Adventure.", "Q16688": "The Silvrettahorn is a mountain of the Silvretta Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and Austria. On its southern Swiss side it overlooks the Silvretta Glacier.", "Q68342": "Aesch is a municipality in the district of Dietikon in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. Until 2001 it was known as Aesch bei Birmensdorf.", "Q726298": "Robert Reed (born John Robert Rietz Jr.; October 19, 1932 \u2013 May 12, 1992) was an American actor. He played Kenneth Preston on the legal drama The Defenders from 1961 to 1965 alongside E. G. Marshall, and is best known for his role as the father Mike Brady, opposite Florence Henderson's role as Carol Brady, on the ABC sitcom The Brady Bunch, which aired from 1969 to 1974. He later reprised his role of Mike Brady on several of the reunion programs. In 1976, he earned two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his guest-starring role in a two-part episode of Medical Center and for his work on the miniseries Rich Man, Poor Man. The following year, Reed earned a third Emmy nomination for his role in the miniseries Roots.\n\n", "Q973858": "Steve Pavlina (born April 14, 1971) is an American self-help author, motivational speaker and entrepreneur. He is the author of the web site stevepavlina.com and the book Personal Development for Smart People.\n\n", "Q314963": "Jules-Am\u00e9d\u00e9e Barbey d'Aurevilly (2 November 1808 \u2013 23 April 1889) was a French novelist and short story writer. He specialised in mystery tales that explored hidden motivation and hinted at evil without being explicitly concerned with anything supernatural. He had a decisive influence on writers such as Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Henry James, Leon Bloy, and Marcel Proust.", "Q90": "Paris (French pronunciation: \u200b[pa\u0281i] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of France, with a population of 2,148,271 residents (official estimate, 1 January 2020) in an area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles). Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, science and arts. The City of Paris is the centre and seat of government of the \u00cele-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an estimated official 2020 population of 12,278,210, or about 18 percent of the population of France. The Paris Region had a GDP of \u20ac709 billion ($808 billion) in 2017. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018, Paris was the second most expensive city in the world, after Singapore, and ahead of Z\u00fcrich, Hong Kong, Oslo and Geneva. Another source ranked Paris as most expensive, on a par with Singapore and Hong Kong, in 2018.The city is a major railway, highway and air-transport hub served by two international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle (the second busiest airport in Europe) and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the city's subway system, the Paris M\u00e9tro, serves 5.23 million passengers daily; it is the second busiest metro system in Europe after the Moscow Metro. Gare du Nord is the 24th busiest railway station in the world, but the first located outside Japan, with 262 million passengers in 2015. Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks: the Louvre was the most visited art museum in the world in 2019, with 9.6 million visitors. The Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Mus\u00e9e Marmottan Monet, and Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art, the Pompidou Centre Mus\u00e9e National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe, and the Mus\u00e9e Rodin and Mus\u00e9e Picasso exhibit the works of the two noted Parisians. The historical district along the Seine in the city centre is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site, and popular landmarks in the city centre included the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris, now closed for renovation after the 15 April 2019 fire. Other popular tourist sites include the Gothic royal chapel of Sainte-Chapelle, both on the \u00cele de la Cit\u00e9; the Eiffel Tower, constructed for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889; the Grand Palais and Petit Palais, built for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900; the Arc de Triomphe on the Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es, and the Basilica of Sacr\u00e9-Coeur on the hill of Montmartre.\nParis received 24.5 million visitors in 2018, measured by hotel stays, with the largest numbers of foreign visitors coming from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and China. It was ranked as the second most visited travel destination in the world in 2018, after Bangkok. The football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Fran\u00e7ais are based in Paris. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros. The city hosted the Olympic Games in 1900, 1924 and will host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, the 2007 Rugby World Cup, as well as the 1960, 1984 and 2016 UEFA European Championships were also held in the city. Every July, the Tour de France bicycle race finishes on the Avenue des Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es in Paris.", "Q553873": "Gil Birmingham (born July 13, 1953) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of Billy Black in The Twilight Saga film series. He is known in television for his role as Chief Thomas Rainwater in Yellowstone and recurring roles as George Hunter in Banshee and Virgil White in Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt.", "Q1228521": "Imre Pall\u00f3 (born M\u00e1tisfalva, Transylvania, 23 October 1891, died Budapest, 25 January 1978) was a Hungarian baritone, and later opera house manager.Pall\u00f3 studied in Budapest with Georg Anthes and in Italy with Mario Sammarco. His Budapest debut was as Alfio at the Royal Opera House in 1917, where he went on to sing many lyric baritone roles, such as Posa, Luna, Falstaff and Simon Boccanegra, in a career lasting over 35 years. He created leading roles in both H\u00e1ry J\u00e1nos and Sz\u00e9kelyfon\u00f3 by Kod\u00e1ly, and sang in Bartok\u2019s Cantata profana under Ern\u0151 Dohn\u00e1nyi in 1936.\nThe Kossuth Prize was awarded to him in 1949. He was briefly Intendant at the State Opera in Budapest.Pall\u00f3's recordings, dating from 1928 to 1961, include songs and excerpts from works by Bal\u00e1zs, Bart\u00f3k, Erkel, Kodaly; operatic arias by Verdi, Wagner and Mussorgsky, among others.His son (same name, born 1941) was a conductor at New York City Opera and Frankfurt Opera.", "Q64578": "Ram\u00f3n Mar\u00eda de las Mercedes de Campoamor y Campoosorio (September 24, 1817 \u2013 February 11, 1901), known as Ram\u00f3n de Campoamor, was a Spanish realist poet and philosopher.", "Q1997065": "Oswald Armitage Carver (2 February 1887 \u2013 7 June 1915) was a British rower who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He died of injuries during the First World War.Carver was born at Marple, Cheshire, the son of William Oswald Carver and his wife, Katherine Armitage. His father was a cotton goods merchant who had been successful enough to buy Cranage Hall, near Holmes Chapel. Carver was educated at Charterhouse School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He rowed for Cambridge in the Boat Race in 1908. The Cambridge crew made up a boat in the eights which won the bronze medal for Great Britain rowing at the 1908 Summer Olympics.Carver was a director of the family company which owned Hollins Mill at Marple and had offices and warehouses in central Manchester's \"cotton district\". Carver was very active in the Scout movement which he introduced to Marple.During World War I, Carver served with 1/2nd East Lancashire Field Company Royal Engineers. His initial application to serve overseas with the Company was rejected by an army medical board at Bury on 3 September 1914 because he was suffering from deafness. However his hearing was checked again a month later and by 31 December, he had been promoted to Captain responsible for one of the Company's four Sections. At the beginning of May 1915, the troops left Egypt to go into action at Gallipoli. On 4 June in the Third Battle of Krithia, the Engineers were to follow Territorial Battalions of the Manchester Regiment in an infantry attack on the Turkish positions. Their role was to dig communication trenches back to the original British line and build strongpoints to be used in case of counterattack. Carver was wounded in the back and evacuated down to 11th Casualty Clearing Station on the landing beach. He died three days later, aged 28.Carver married Elizabeth Hobart, daughter of Robert Thompson Hobart of Tunbridge Wells in 1911. They had children John Hobart Carver, father of Martin Carver and Richard Oswald Hobart Carver. The family lived at The Hollies in Marple. In 1927 Carver's widow married Lieutenant-Colonel (later Field Marshal) Bernard Montgomery.", "Q100762": "Alfred Gr\u00fcnberg (18 February 1902 in Magdeburg \u2013 21 May 1942 in Berlin) was a worker, a member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and a resistance fighter against the Nazi r\u00e9gime.", "Q116100": "Pascale Bruderer Wyss (born 28 July 1977 in Baden, Switzerland) is a Swiss politician. She was a member of the Council of States from 2011 to 2019 and a member of the National Council of Switzerland from 2002 to 2011. She was the President of the National Council in 2009 and 2010. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party.", "Q91081": "S\u00f6ren Bartol (born 4 September 1974) is a German politician and member of the SPD.", "Q130879": "Reuters () is an international news organization owned by Thomson Reuters. Until 2008, the Reuters news agency formed part of an independent company, Reuters Group plc, which was also a provider of financial market data. Since the acquisition of Reuters Group by the Thomson Corporation in 2008, the Reuters news agency has been a part of Thomson Reuters, making up the media division. It was established in 1851.", "Q512191": "The melodica is a free-reed instrument similar to the pump organ and harmonica. It has a musical keyboard on top, and is played by blowing air through a mouthpiece that fits into a hole in the side of the instrument. Pressing a key opens a hole, allowing air to flow through a reed. The keyboard usually covers two or three octaves. Melodicas are small, light, and portable. They are popular in music education, especially in Asia.\nThe modern form of the instrument was invented by Hohner in the 1950s, though similar instruments have been known in Italy since the 19th century.The melodica was first used as a serious musical instrument in the 1960s by composers such as Steve Reich, in his piece titled Melodica (1966). Brazilian multi-instrumentalist Hermeto Pascoal developed a technique consisting of singing while playing the melodica, resulting in a wide tonal and harmonic palette. It is associated with Jamaican dub and reggae musician Augustus Pablo who popularized it in the 1970s, and more recently with Jon Batiste, who is often seen playing the instrument on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert.", "Q2271104": "Knut Fredrik Idestam Alliance Dillon (28 October 1838, Tyrv\u00e4nt\u00f6, Grand Duchy of Finland \u2013 8 April 1916, Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland) was a Finnish mining engineer and businessman, best known as a founder of Nokia.\nIn May 1865, Idestam obtained a permit to construct a groundwood paper mill at Tampere, Finland. The mill began operations in 1866. In 1871, Idestam and Leo Mechelin founded Nokia Ltd. and moved the company's operations to the city of Nokia, Finland.\nHe was buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.", "Q502382": "Andrei Pavlovich Kirilenko (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e, IPA: [\u0250n\u02c8dr\u02b2ej \u02c8pavl\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 k\u02b2\u026ar\u02b2\u026a\u02c8l\u02b2\u025bnk\u0259]; 8 September [O.S. 26 August] 1906 \u2013 12 May 1990) was a Soviet statesman from the start to the end of the Cold War. In 1906, Kirilenko was born at Alexeyevka in Belgorod Oblast to a Ukrainian working-class family. He graduated in the 1920s from a local vocational school, and again in the mid-to-late 1930s from the Rybinsk Aviation Technology Institute. He became a member of the All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks) in 1930. As many like him, Kirilenko climbed up the Soviet hierarchy through the \"industrial ladder\"; by the 1960s, he was Vice-Chairman of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). After Nikita Khrushchev's forced resignation, Kirilenko became Leonid Brezhnev's \"chief lieutenant\" within the Central Committee.\nHis main objective was to ensure Brezhnev's power base and, if possible, to strengthen Brezhnev's position within the Party. In order to accomplish this task, he emerged as one of the leading figures in the Secretariat under Brezhnev's rule. In this position, Kirilenko was responsible for personnel selection and supervision of economic planning throughout most of the Brezhnev Era. In 1976, Brezhnev appointed Konstantin Chernenko to be his \"counterweight\" in the Central Committee (CC). He became a member of the Political Bureau (Politburo) in 1965. He was forced to resign from active politics due to health reasons and because Yuri Andropov was appointed to the General Secretaryship. When Andropov became General Secretary in 1982, Kirilenko was pushed aside. He died on 12 May 1990 in Moscow.\n\n", "Q1537128": "Thomas Odd Tofthagen (born 10 December 1973 in Rykkinn, Akershus, Norway) is a Norwegian guitarist, best known for his work in rock bands Audrey Horne and Sahg.\n\n", "Q2751751": "Glenwood Cemetery is located in Houston, Texas, United States. Developed in 1871, the first professionally designed cemetery in the city accepted its first burial in 1872. Its location at Washington Avenue overlooking Buffalo Bayou served as an entertainment attraction in the 1880s. The design was based on principles for garden cemeteries, breaking the pattern of the typical gridiron layouts of most Houston cemeteries. Many influential people lay to rest at Glenwood, making it the \"River Oaks of the dead.\" As of 2018, Glenwood includes the annexed property of the adjacent Washington Cemetery, creating a total area of 84 acres with 18 acres still undeveloped.\nNotable burials at Glenwood include former residents of the Republic of Texas, some who were re-interred from condemned cemeteries from downtown Houston. Charlotte Allen and William Robinson Baker were early arrivals to Houston, and also long time residents. Baker was one of several interments of former mayors of Houston. The last president of the Republic of Texas, Anson Jones, has a family plot. Former governors of Texas and a former governor of Mississippi lie at rest at the cemetery, as do some high-ranking federal officials. Scions of the oil business include two co-founders of Sharp-Hughes Tools, as well as founders and early investors of Texaco and Humble Oil. The founding president of Rice University, the school's chief architect, and the institute's first trustee are found at Glenwood.", "Q328042": "Iacob C. Negruzzi (December 31, 1842 \u2013 January 6, 1932) was a Moldavian, later Romanian poet and prose writer.\nBorn in Ia\u0219i, he was the son of Constantin Negruzzi and his wife Maria (n\u00e9e Gane). Living in Berlin between 1853 and 1863, he attended high school, followed by the University of Berlin, from which he obtained a doctorate in 1863. He was a professor at the University of Ia\u0219i from 1864 to 1884, and at the University of Bucharest from 1885 until his retirement in 1897. He was elected to the Assembly of Deputies in 1870, and later joined the Romanian Senate. He was elected a titular member of the Romanian Academy in 1881, was later its general secretary, and served three terms as Academy president: 1893-1894, 1910-1913 and 1923-1926. Negruzzi was among the founders of Junimea, and became its secretary in 1868. He played a very significant role as editor of Convorbiri Literare, ensuring the magazine's regular appearance by investing an immense amount of energy and making significant sacrifices, including material ones. He continued as editor for ten years after moving to Bucharest in 1885. He wrote reviews and notes in Convorbiri; published selections from Copii de pe natur\u0103 (which appeared in book form in 1874), as well as the novel Mihai Vereanu (which appeared in 1873); and initiated a column called \"Coresponden\u021b\u0103\", probably the country's first true letter to the editor section.His press debut came in 1866, with a one-act play that appeared in Foaia So\u021biet\u0103\u021bii pentru Literatura \u0219i Cultura Rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Bucovina; his first book was the 1872 Poezii. Although written starting in 1889, Amintirile din \"Junimea\" was only published in 1921. He translated several plays by Friedrich Schiller (The Robbers, Fiesco and Intrigue and Love appeared in book form in 1871; The Maid of Orleans in Convorbiri Literare in 1883; Don Carlos and Mary Stuart in the last of his six-volume complete works that came out between 1893 and 1897). Other translations included Romantic poetry, both French (Victor Hugo) and German (Schiller and Heinrich Heine), published in Poezii. His wife was Maria Rosetti.", "Q309932": "Bruce Lorne Campbell (born June 22, 1958) is an American actor, voice actor, producer, writer and director. One of his best-known roles is Ash Williams in Sam Raimi's Evil Dead franchise, beginning with the 1978 short film Within the Woods. He has starred in many low-budget cult films such as Crimewave (1985), Maniac Cop (1988), Sundown: The Vampire in Retreat (1989), and Bubba Ho-Tep (2002).\nIn television, Campbell had lead roles in The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. (1993\u201394) and Jack of All Trades (2000), and a recurring role as Autolycus, King of Thieves, in Hercules: The Legendary Journeys and Xena: Warrior Princess (1995\u201399). He played Sam Axe on the USA Network series Burn Notice (2007\u201313) and reprised his role as Ash Williams on the Starz series Ash vs. Evil Dead (2015\u201318).Campbell started his directing career with Fanalysis (2002) and A Community Speaks (2004), and then with the horror comedy feature films Man with the Screaming Brain (2005) and My Name Is Bruce (2007), the latter being a spoof of his career. He can also be seen as the role of the father in The Escort (2015).", "Q65100": "Conters im Pr\u00e4ttigau (Romansh: Cunter en il Partenz ) is a Swiss village in the Pr\u00e4ttigau and a municipality in the political district of Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden.\n\n", "Q214977": "Robert Blum (10 November 1807 \u2013 9 November 1848) was a German democratic politician, publicist, poet, publisher, revolutionist and member of the National Assembly of 1848. In his fight for a strong, unified Germany he opposed ethnocentrism and it was his strong belief that no one people should rule over another. As such he was an opponent of the Prussian occupation of Poland and was in contact with the revolutionists there. Blum was a critic of antisemitism, supported the German Catholic sect, and agitated for the equality of the sexes. Although claiming immunity as a member of the National Assembly, he was arrested during a stay at the hotel \"Stadt London\" in Vienna and executed for his role in the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states.", "Q382901": "Mulatu Astatke (Amharic: \u1219\u120b\u1271 \u12a0\u1235\u1273\u1325\u1244 mulatu \u00e4sta\u1e6d\u1e33e; French pronunciation: Astatq\u00e9; born 19 December 1943) is an Ethiopian musician and arranger considered as the father of Ethio-jazz.\nBorn in the western Ethiopian city of Jimma, Mulatu was musically trained in London, New York City, and Boston where he combined his jazz and Latin music interests with traditional Ethiopian music. Astatke led his band while playing vibraphone and conga drums\u2014instruments that he introduced into Ethiopian popular music\u2014as well as other percussion instruments, keyboards, and organ. His albums focus primarily on instrumental music, and Mulatu appears on all three known albums of instrumentals that were released during Ethiopian Golden 1970s.", "Q252922": "Paolo Savoldelli (born 7 May 1973 in Clusone, province of Bergamo) is a former Italian road racing cyclist and winner of the 2002 and 2005 Giro d'Italia.\nSavoldelli was a climber but known for his fast downhill riding. He is nicknamed Il Falco (\"the falcon\"). His downhill skills won him the 2005 Giro. His descent of the Colle delle Finestre before the final ascent to Sestriere in the penultimate stage, closed a gap to Gilberto Simoni, preserving his lead and giving him the win.\nOn 20 July 2005, Savoldelli won the 17th stage of the Tour de France. He led Astana in the 2007 Giro d'Italia, but worked for teammate Eddy Mazzoleni.\nSavoldelli retired from competitive professional cycling at the end of the 2008 season. He did not leave the cycling world however, as he embarked on a career covering the sport in the media.\nAs of 2012, Savoldelli worked for the Italian television channel RAI, providing viewers with commentary on cycling races. He comments from a motorbike, offering insights from a first-hand point of view. He concludes each of his interventions with an emphatic \"A Voi!\" (Italian for \"Back to you!\"), which became his trademark.Despite having already retired, in May 2014 Savoldelli was banned from bicycle racing for six months for being a client of the infamous doping doctor, Michele Ferrari. Later his name was tied to evidence in the 2012 USADA Report as \"Rider 1,\" and he is said to have set up and used EPO doping in the 2006 Giro d'Italia.", "Q3251843": "Tsuneharu Takeda (\u7af9\u7530 \u6052\u6cbb, Takeda Tsuneharu, born August 3, 1944) is a Japanese diplomat, and former imperial prince. He was born in Shinkyo, then the capital of Manchukuo.", "Q321066": "Tchicaya U Tam'si (born G\u00e9rald-F\u00e9lix Tchicaya 25 August 1931 - 22 April 1988) was a Congolese author; his pen name means \"small paper that speaks for a country\" in Kikongo.", "Q273734": "Nic Endo (born January 7, 1976) is a Japanese-German-American noise musician who plays with the German digital hardcore group Atari Teenage Riot. The daughter of a Japanese mother and a German father, Endo was born in Wichita Falls, Texas, US.", "Q2916": "Osnabr\u00fcck (German pronunciation: [\u0254sna\u02c8b\u0281\u028fk] (listen); Westphalian: Ossenbr\u00fcgge; archaic English: Osnaburg) is a city in the federal state of Lower Saxony in north-west Germany. It is situated in a valley penned between the Wiehen Hills and the northern tip of the Teutoburg Forest. With a population of 168,145 Osnabr\u00fcck is one of the four largest cities in Lower Saxony. The city is the centrepoint of the Osnabr\u00fcck Land region as well as the District of Osnabr\u00fcck.The founding of Osnabr\u00fcck was linked to its positioning on important European trading routes. Charles the Great founded the Diocese of Osnabr\u00fcck in 780. The city was also a member of the Hanseatic League. At the end of the Thirty Years' War (1618\u20131648), the Peace of Westphalia was negotiated in Osnabr\u00fcck and the nearby city of M\u00fcnster. In recognition of its role as the site of negotiations, Osnabr\u00fcck later adopted the title Friedensstadt (\"city of peace\"). The city is also known as the birthplace of anti-war novelist Erich-Maria Remarque and painter Felix Nussbaum.\nMore recently Osnabr\u00fcck has become well known for its industry. Numerous companies in the automobile, paper, steel and grocery sectors are located in the city and its surrounding area. In spite of the massive destruction inflicted on the city during World War II, the Altstadt (old town) was eventually reconstructed extensively with designs loyal to the original medieval architecture there. Osnabr\u00fcck was also the home of the largest British garrison outside the United Kingdom. Osnabr\u00fcck's modern, urban image is enhanced by the presence of more than 22,000 students studying at the University and the University of Applied Sciences. Although part of the state of Lower Saxony, historically, culturally and linguistically Osnabr\u00fcck is considered part of the region of Westphalia.", "Q209098": "Madeleine Marie Stowe Mora (born August 18, 1958) is an American actress. She appeared mostly on television before her breakthrough role in the 1987 crime-comedy film Stakeout. She went on to star in the films Revenge (1990), Unlawful Entry (1992), The Last of the Mohicans (1992), Blink (1993), Bad Girls (1994), China Moon (1994), 12 Monkeys (1995), The General's Daughter (1999), and We Were Soldiers (2002). For her role in the 1993 independent film Short Cuts, she won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress.\nFrom 2011 to 2015, Stowe starred as Victoria Grayson, the main antagonist of the ABC drama series Revenge. For this role, she was nominated for the 2012 Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama.", "Q486096": "Theodore Herman Albert Dreiser (; August 27, 1871 \u2013 December 28, 1945) was an American novelist and journalist of the naturalist school. His novels often featured main characters who succeeded at their objectives despite a lack of a firm moral code, and literary situations that more closely resemble studies of nature than tales of choice and agency. Dreiser's best known novels include Sister Carrie (1900) and An American Tragedy (1925).", "Q67717": "Arthur Josef Stanislaus Berson (6 August 1859 \u2013 3 December 1942) was a German meteorologist and pioneer of aerology who was a native of Neu Sandez, Galicia (now Nowy S\u0105cz, Poland).\nAfter visiting the gymnasium in Neu Sandez, Berson studied philology in Vienna. He then studied meteorology and geography in Berlin, where he had as instructors Ferdinand von Richthofen and Wilhelm von Bezold. In 1890 he was an assistant to meteorologist Richard A\u00dfmann at the Meteorological Institute in Berlin. During this period of time he was also secretary of the Deutschen Verein zur F\u00f6rderung der Luftschiffahrt, the first aeronautical organization in Germany. In 1900 he became Hauptobservator at the newly founded Aeronautics Observatory in Berlin-Tegel, and was later stationed at the Lindenberg Aeronautical Observatory in Beeskow. From 1896 to 1899 Berson was editor of the magazine Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Luftfahrt und Physik der Atmosph\u00e4re (Magazine for Aviation and Physics of the Atmosphere).\n\n", "Q955647": "Joseph Fourier University (UJF, French: Universit\u00e9 Joseph Fourier, also known as Grenoble I) was a French university situated in the city of Grenoble and focused on the fields of sciences, technologies and health. It is now part of the Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes.", "Q155993": "Kladno (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8kladno]; German: Kladen) is a city in the Central Bohemian Region (St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00fd kraj) of the Czech Republic. It is located 25 kilometres (16 miles) northwest of the capital city Prague. Kladno is the largest city in the region and has a population together with its adjacent suburban areas of more than 110,000 (nearly 70,000 in Kladno proper). The city is part of the Prague metropolitan area, which has a population over 2,600,000 (making it the most populous in the Czech Republic).", "Q102613": "Reinhold Aman (April 8, 1936 \u2013 March 2, 2019) was a former chemical engineer and professor of German, and the publisher of Maledicta, a scholarly journal dedicated entirely to the study of offensive language, also known as maledictology.\n\n", "Q474200": "Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and other floating vessels. It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to before recorded history.\nShipbuilding and ship repairs, both commercial and military, are referred to as \"naval engineering\". The construction of boats is a similar activity called boat building.\nThe dismantling of ships is called ship breaking.", "Q4569852": "Marvin Wiseth (born 20 January 1951) is a Norwegian politician from the Conservative Party.\nHe is known as the former mayor of Trondheim, the third largest city in Norway, from 1990 to 1998. He had been a member of the city council since 1976. During his period as mayor the city hosted the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1997. Wiseth was also central in the failed Trondheim's 2018 Winter Olympics bid.\nWiseth served as a deputy representative in the Norwegian Parliament from S\u00f8r-Tr\u00f8ndelag during the term 1977\u20131981.", "Q174785": "Savage Nights (French: Les Nuits Fauves) is a 1992 French drama film directed and written by Cyril Collard. It stars Collard, Romane Bohringer and Carlos L\u00f3pez. The film is an adaptation of Collard's semi-autobiographical novel Les Nuits Fauves, published in 1989. It won four C\u00e9sar Awards including Best Film.", "Q238245": "4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days (Romanian: 4 luni, 3 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni \u0219i 2 zile) is a 2007 Romanian art film with drama and thriller elements, written and directed by Cristian Mungiu and starring Anamaria Marinca, Laura Vasiliu, and Vlad Ivanov. The film is set in Communist Romania in the final years of the Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu era. It tells the story of two students, roommates in a university dormitory, who try to procure an illegal abortion. Inspired by an anecdote from the period and the general social historic context, it depicts the loyalty of the two friends and the struggles they face.\nMungiu and cinematographer Oleg Mutu shot it in Bucharest and other Romanian locations in 2006. After making its world premiere at Cannes, 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days made its Romanian debut on 1 June 2007, at the Transilvania International Film Festival. It opened to critical acclaim, and was noted for its minimalism and intense themes.\nThe film won three awards at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival, including the Palme d'Or. It went on to win numerous honours, including Best Film at the European Film Awards and Romania's national Gopo Awards. 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days became the subject of some controversy over censorship, the abortion debate, and its exclusion from the 80th Academy Awards, but in 2016 it was ranked No. 15 on the BBC's list of 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century.", "Q104276": "Hermann L\u00fcbbe (born 31 December 1926) is a German philosopher. He is considered a member of the Ritter School.\n\n", "Q895463": "Bowling for Soup (abbreviated as BFS) is an American rock band originally formed in Wichita Falls, Texas, in 1994. The band consists of Jaret Reddick (lead vocals, guitar), Chris Burney (guitar, backing vocals), Gary Wiseman (drums, percussion, backing vocals), and Rob Felicetti (bass, backing vocals, acoustic guitar). The band is best known for its singles \"Girl All the Bad Guys Want\", \"1985\", \"Almost\", and \"High School Never Ends\". The band is also known for performing the introduction to the Disney Channel TV show Phineas and Ferb.", "Q103519": "Anton \"Toni\" Hofreiter (born 2 February 1970) is a German biologist and politician.\n\n", "Q152030": "Ion Antonescu (; Romanian: [jon anto\u02c8nesku] (listen); June 14 [O.S. June 2] 1882 \u2013 June 1, 1946) was a Romanian soldier and authoritarian politician who, as the Prime Minister and Conduc\u0103tor during most of World War II, presided over two successive wartime dictatorships. After the war, he was convicted of war crimes and executed.\nA Romanian Army career officer who made his name during the 1907 peasants' revolt and the World War I Romanian Campaign, the antisemitic Antonescu sympathized with the far right and fascist National Christian and Iron Guard groups for much of the interwar period. He was a military attach\u00e9 to France and later Chief of the General Staff, briefly serving as Defense Minister in the National Christian cabinet of Octavian Goga as well as the subsequent First Cristea cabinet, in which he also served as Air and Marine Minister. During the late 1930s, his political stance brought him into conflict with King Carol II and led to his detainment. Antonescu nevertheless rose to political prominence during the political crisis of 1940, and established the National Legionary State, an uneasy partnership with the Iron Guard's leader Horia Sima. After entering Romania into an alliance with Nazi Germany and the Axis and ensuring Adolf Hitler's confidence, he eliminated the Guard during the Legionary Rebellion of 1941. In addition to being Prime Minister, he served as his own Foreign Minister and Defense Minister. Soon after Romania joined the Axis in Operation Barbarossa, recovering Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, Antonescu also became Marshal of Romania.\nAn atypical figure among Holocaust perpetrators, Antonescu enforced policies independently responsible for the deaths of as many as 400,000 people, most of them Bessarabian, Ukrainian and Romanian Jews, as well as Romanian Romani. The regime's complicity in the Holocaust combined pogroms and mass murders such as the Odessa massacre with ethnic cleansing, systematic deportations to occupied Transnistria and widespread criminal negligence. The system in place was nevertheless characterized by singular inconsistencies, prioritizing plunder over killing, showing leniency toward most Jews in the Old Kingdom, and ultimately refusing to adopt the Final Solution as applied throughout Nazi-occupied Europe. This was made possible by the fact that Romania, as a junior ally of Nazi Germany, was able to avoid being occupied by Hitler and preserve a degree of political autonomy.\nAerial attacks on Romania by the Allies occurred in 1944 and Romanian troops suffered heavy casualties on the Eastern Front, prompting Antonescu to open peace negotiations with the Allies, ending with inconclusive results. On August 23, 1944, Michael I led a coup d'\u00e9tat against Antonescu, who was arrested; after a brief detention in the Soviet Union, the deposed Conduc\u0103tor was sent back to Romania, where he was convicted of war crimes by a People's Tribunal, sentenced to death and executed in June 1946. This was part of a series of trials that also passed sentences on his various associates, as well as his wife Maria. The judicial procedures earned much criticism for responding to the Romanian Communist Party's ideological priorities, a matter that fuelled nationalist and far right attempts to have Antonescu posthumously exonerated. While these groups elevated Antonescu to the status of a national hero, his involvement in the Holocaust was officially reasserted and condemned following the 2003 Wiesel Commission report.", "Q1146254": "The Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) is a major British theatre company, based in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England. The company employs over 1,000 staff and produces around 20 productions a year. The RSC plays regularly in London, Stratford-upon-Avon, and on tour across the UK and internationally.\nThe company's home is in Stratford-upon-Avon, where it has redeveloped its Royal Shakespeare and Swan theatres as part of a \u00a3112.8-million \"Transformation\" project. The theatres re-opened in November 2010, having closed in 2007. The new buildings attracted 18,000 visitors within the first week and received a positive media response both upon opening, and following the first full Shakespeare performances. Performances in Stratford-upon-Avon continued throughout the Transformation project at the temporary Courtyard Theatre.\nAs well as the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries, the RSC produces new work from living artists and develops creative links with theatre-makers from around the world, as well as working with teachers to inspire a lifelong love of William Shakespeare in young people and running events for everyone to explore and participate in its work.\nThe RSC celebrated its fiftieth birthday season from April\u2013December 2011, with two companies of actors presenting the first productions designed specifically for the new Royal Shakespeare and Swan Theatre stages. The 2011-season began with performances of Macbeth and a re-imagined lost play The History of Cardenio. The fiftieth birthday season also featured The Merchant of Venice with Sir Patrick Stewart and revivals of some of the RSC's greatest plays, including a new staging of Marat/Sade. For the London 2012 Festival as part of the Cultural Olympiad, the RSC produced the World Shakespeare Festival, featuring artists from across the world performing in venues around the UK. In 2013, the company began live screenings of its Shakespeare productions \u2013 called Live from Stratford-upon-Avon \u2013 which are screened around the world. In 2016, the company collaborated with Intel and The Imaginarium Studios to stage The Tempest, bringing performance capture to the Royal Shakespeare Theatre for the very first time.", "Q37134": "Frederick William III (German: Friedrich Wilhelm III.; 3 August 1770 \u2013 7 June 1840) was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. He ruled Prussia during the difficult times of the Napoleonic Wars and the end of the Holy Roman Empire. Steering a careful course between France and her enemies, after a major military defeat in 1806, he eventually and reluctantly joined the coalition against Napoleon in the Befreiungskriege. Following Napoleon's defeat, he was King of Prussia during the Congress of Vienna, which assembled to settle the political questions arising from the new, post-Napoleonic order in Europe. He was determined to unify the Protestant churches, to homogenize their liturgy, their organization, and even their architecture. The long-term goal was to have fully centralized royal control of all the Protestant churches in the Prussian Union of Churches.", "Q164582": "Vytautas Landsbergis [\u02c8v\u02b2\u00ee\u02d0t\u0250\u028at\u0250s \u02c8\u026b\u0250\u0302\u02d1n\u02b2dz\u02b2b\u02b2\u025br\u02b2\u0261\u02b2\u026as] (listen) (born 18 October 1932, in Kaunas, Lithuania) is a Lithuanian conservative politician and Member of the European Parliament. He was the first head of state of Lithuania after its independence declaration from the Soviet Union, and served as the Head of the Lithuanian Parliament Seimas. Landsbergis is an intellectual who has been active in Lithuania's political arena for more than two decades, and a notable politician who helped contribute to the demise of the Soviet Union. He has written 20 books on a variety of topics, including a biography of Mikalojus Konstantinas \u010ciurlionis, as well as works on politics and music. He is a founding signatory of the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism, and a member of the international advisory council of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.", "Q4342640": "Vladimir M. Palikhata (born 23 September 1967 in Zolotniki Village of Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine) is a Russian entrepreneur and philanthropist, President of Rosenergomash Group (electrical engineering), Legacy Capital investment firm and President of the Moscow Chess Federation.", "Q869800": "Maurice Steger (born 1971 in Winterthur, Switzerland) is a Swiss recorder player and conductor, mostly in Baroque music.\nMaurice Steger is a frequent guest soloist with leading Baroque ensembles such as the Akademie f\u00fcr Alte Musik Berlin, the Musica Antiqua K\u00f6ln, The English Concert, Europa Galante, the Accademia Bizantina or I Barocchisti. He also regularly appears with modern symphony orchestras such as the English Chamber Orchestra, the Berliner Barock Solisten, the Musikkollegium Winterthur and the Zurich Chamber Orchestra, also in the role as conductor.\nHe has performed with celebrated artists such as Thomas Quasthoff, Dorothea R\u00f6schmann, Howard Griffiths, Cecilia Bartoli, Hilary Hahn, Laurence Cummings, Igor Oistrakh, Marcus Creed, J\u00f6rg Faerber, Fabio Biondi, Sandrine Piau, Andrew Manze, Sol Gabetta, Diego Fasolis, Albrecht Mayer and Ruth Ziesak. In recital he is regularly accompanied by Naoki Kitaya and the Continuo Consort, by Markus M\u00e4rkl, Alexander Weimann and by Sergio Ciomei.\nIn recent years, Steger started successfully to conduct Baroque and symphony orchestras: The English Concert, Zurich Chamber Orchestra, the NDR Radiophilharmonie, the Taipei Symphony Orchestra, the Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra, the Sinfonieorchester Basel, Les Violons du Roy and many others became partners for Baroque and Classical repertoire.\nHis projects about Tino Flautino, musical fairy-tales for children, have enjoyed great success and are also available on CD (Philips a.o.), in books and on play-along products.\nIn addition, Maurice Steger has recorded several albums, many of which have been crowned with international awards, including Vivaldi's concertos for recorder, the Telemann flute quartets for Deutsche Grammophon (with Reinhard Goebel and the Musica Antiqua K\u00f6ln). Steger records for harmonia mundi. He won the most important classical awards for his projects, the solo concerts of Telemann with the Akademie f\u00fcr Alte Musik Berlin and the album Giuseppe Sammartini (2007) with his own consort. The latest recordings are an album of early Baroque music, Venezia 1625, a dazzling CD with Corelli Concertos Mr. Corelli in London and \"Una Follia di Napoli\" with Concertos by Southern Italian Composers (2013).\nMaurice Steger teaches master classes in Europe, Asia and the Americas.", "Q238251": "4 Schl\u00fcssel is a German crime film directed by J\u00fcrgen Roland. It was released in 1966.", "Q516485": "Friedberg (Friedberg in der Wetterau) is a town and the capital of the Wetteraukreis district, in Hesse, Germany. It is located 26 km (16 miles) north of Frankfurt am Main. In 1966, the town hosted the sixth Hessentag state festival, in 1979 the 19th.", "Q463768": "The Bucket List is a 2007 American buddy comedy-drama film directed and produced by Rob Reiner, written by Justin Zackham, and starring Jack Nicholson and Morgan Freeman. The main plot follows two terminally ill men on their road trip with a wish list of things to do before they \"kick the bucket\".\nThe film premiered on December 15, 2007 in Hollywood and opened in limited release in the United States on December 25, 2007, by Warner Bros. The film then had a wide release on January 11, 2008. Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics, the film was chosen by National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2007 and was a box office success, grossing $175 million worldwide.\n\n", "Q718404": "Julian Ricardo Marley (born 4 June 1975) is a British Jamaican reggae musician. He is the son of reggae artist and performer Bob Marley, and Lucy Pounder. Marley is a Grammy award nominated, reggae singer, musician, songwriter, producer and humanitarian. He follows in his father's footsteps and is a devout Rastafarian who uses his music to inspire his life and spirituality.", "Q1424632": "Alexandria University (Arabic: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u200e) is a public university in Alexandria, Egypt. It was established in 1938 as a satellite of Fouad University (the name of which was later changed to Cairo University), becoming an independent entity in 1942. It was known as Farouk University until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 when its name was changed to the University of Alexandria. Taha Hussein was the founding rector of Alexandria University. It is now the second largest university in Egypt and has many affiliations to various universities for ongoing research.\nAlexandria University is one of the largest universities in Egypt, and the third university established after Cairo University and the American University in Cairo. Alexandria University has 21 faculties and 3 institutes that teach different types of social, medical, engineering, mathematics and other science.The university had other branches in Egypt outside Alexandria in Damanhour and Matrouh which later became two independent universities.Other branches have been set up outside Egypt in Juba, South Sudan, and in N'Djamena, the capital of the Republic of Chad.\n\n", "Q223117": "Stanley Tucci (; born November 11, 1960) is an American actor, writer, producer and film director. Involved in acting from a young age, he made his film debut in 1985's Prizzi's Honor, and played a wide variety of supporting roles in many major Hollywood film productions. He has also played as lead actor in a number of films, starting with lead billing in the 1996 film A Modern Affair.\nHe has won three Emmy Awards: one for the 1998 TV movie Winchell, in which he played the title role; one for a guest appearance on the TV series Monk; and one for being a producer of the web series Park Bench with Steve Buscemi. Tucci was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Lovely Bones (2009). He was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children, for The One and Only Shrek!", "Q106461": "Gina Falckenberg (14 September 1907 \u2013 12 February 1996) was a German stage and film actress. She appeared in twenty-two films during her career including Anime in tumult (1942). Falcenberg was also a writer and worked on several screenplays. She was married to the Italian actor Giulio Del Torre.\n\n", "Q361456": "Claude Joseph Dorat (31 December 1734 \u2013 29 April 1780) was a French writer, also known as Le Chevalier Dorat.\nHe was born in Paris, of a family consisting of generations of lawyers, and he joined the corps of the king's musketeers. He became fashionable for his work, R\u00e9ponse d'Ab\u00e9lard \u00e0 H\u00e9loise (\"Abelard's Answer to Heloise\"), and followed up this first success with a number of heroic epistles, Les Victimes de l'amour, ou lettres de quelques amants c\u00e9l\u00e9bres (1776) (\"Victims of Love, or Letters from some famous lovers\").\nBesides light verse he wrote comedies, fables and, among other novels, Les Sacrifices de lamour, ou lettres de la vicomtesse de Senanges et du chevalier de Versenay (1771). He tried to cover his failures as a dramatist by buying up large numbers of seats for performances, and his books were lavishly illustrated by good artists and expensively produced, in order to secure their success. Nevertheless, he managed to attract hatred both of the philosophe party as well as of their arch-enemy, Charles Palissot de Montenoy, and thus cut himself off from the possibility of academic honours. Le Tartufe litt\u00e9raire (1774) attacked La Harpe and Palissot, and at the same time D'Alembert and Mlle de Lespinasse.\n\n", "Q137864": "Col. Henry George Stebbins (September 15, 1811 \u2013 December 9, 1881) was a U.S. Representative from New York during the latter half of the American Civil War.", "Q1472474": "Southern Illinois University is a system of public universities in the southern region of the U.S. state of Illinois. Its headquarters is in Carbondale, Illinois.", "Q309926": "Ian Fraser Kilmister (24 December 1945 \u2013 28 December 2015), better known as Lemmy, was an English singer, songwriter, and musician. He is best remembered as the founder, lead singer, bassist, and primary songwriter of the heavy metal band Mot\u00f6rhead.\nLemmy's music was one of the foundations of the heavy metal genre. He was known for his appearance, which included his signature friendly mutton chops, his military-influenced fashion sense, and his gravelly rasp of a voice that was once declared \"one of the most recognisable voices in rock\". He was also noted for his unique way of singing, which was once described as \"looking up towards a towering microphone tilted down into his weather-beaten face\". He was also known for his bass playing style and using his Rickenbacker bass to create an \"overpowered, distorted rhythmic rumble\", while another notable aspect of his bass sound was that he often played power chords using heavily overdriven tube stacks by Marshall.\nLemmy was born in Stoke-on-Trent and grew up between there, the nearby towns of Newcastle-under-Lyme and Madeley, and later the Welsh village of Benllech. He was influenced by rock and roll and the early works of The Beatles, which led to him playing in several rock groups in the 1960s such as The Rockin' Vickers. He worked as a roadie for Jimi Hendrix and The Nice before joining the space rock band Hawkwind in 1971, singing lead vocals on their hit \"Silver Machine\". In 1975, he was fired from Hawkwind after an arrest for drug possession; that same year, he became the founder, lead singer, bassist, and songwriter of Mot\u00f6rhead. The band's success peaked around 1980 and 1981, including the hit single \"Ace of Spades\" and the chart-topping live album No Sleep 'til Hammersmith.\nLemmy continued to record and tour regularly with Mot\u00f6rhead until his death on 28 December 2015 in Los Angeles, where he had lived since 1990. He was diagnosed with prostate cancer two days before his death. Alongside his music career, he had minor roles and cameos in film and television. He was well known for his hard-living lifestyle, which included chain-smoking and the daily consumption of high amounts of alcohol and amphetamines.", "Q65114": "Gesine L\u00f6tzsch (German pronunciation: [ge\u02c8zin\u0259 l\u00f8\u02d0t\u0283]; born 7 August 1961) is a German politician of the left-wing party Die Linke (\"The Left\"). In 2010, with Klaus Ernst, she was elected president of the party.\nBorn at Berlin-Lichtenberg in what then was East Germany, L\u00f6tzsch joined the Socialist Unity Party of Germany in 1984 and continued a member of its successor parties: the SED-PDS (1989\u20131990), the PDS, (1990\u20132005), Die Linkspartei.PDS (2005\u20132007), and from 2007, Die Linke. In 2002, as a candidate of the Party of Democratic Socialism, L\u00f6tzsch was elected to the German parliament (the Bundestag) for the constituency Berlin Lichtenberg, which she continues to represent today. For her first term, she and Petra Pau were the only PDS deputies in the chamber.\nL\u00f6tzsch has been criticized for suggesting that former employees of the Stasi, the secret police of the former East German state, should be allowed to serve in parliaments and governments. The leader of the Alliance '90/The Greens, Claudia Roth, claimed that Gesine L\u00f6tzsch wants to \"sweep the past under the carpet\". L\u00f6tzsch's local party group in Berlin-Lichtenberg has invited former Stasi employees and informers to speak on several occasions with her support: for instance, Erich Mielke's immediate deputy, Werner Grossmann, was invited as a speaker. Green member of parliament Wolfgang Wieland criticized her for appearing as a speaker before a revisionist association, the Initiativgemeinschaft zum Schutz der sozialen Rechte (tr. the Community Initiative for the Protection of the Social Rights).Gesine L\u00f6tzsch is married to Ronald L\u00f6tzsch, who in 2010 was revealed to have been an informer for the Stasi.", "Q439314": "Alicia Amanda Vikander (, Swedish: [a\u02c8l\u01d0\u02d0s\u026aa v\u026a\u02c8k\u01cen\u02d0d\u025br] (listen); born 3 October 1988) is a Swedish actress. Born and raised in Gothenburg, Vikander began acting as a child in minor stage productions at the Gothenburg opera house and trained as a ballet dancer at the Royal Swedish Ballet School in Stockholm.\nShe began her professional acting career by appearing in Swedish short films and television series and first gained recognition for her role as Josefin Bj\u00f6rn-Tegebrandt in the drama series Andra Avenyn (2008\u20132010). Vikander made her feature film debut in Pure (2010), for which she won the Guldbagge Award for Best Actress. She gained wider recognition in 2012 for playing Kitty in Joe Wright's adaptation of Anna Karenina and Queen Caroline Mathilde in the Danish film A Royal Affair.\nVikander achieved global recognition for her roles as activist Vera Brittain in Testament of Youth (2014), a humanoid robot in Ex Machina (2014), for which she was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role, and painter Gerda Wegener in The Danish Girl (2015), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 2016, Vikander was listed by Forbes in its 30 Under 30 list. She has since held a supporting role in the action film Jason Bourne (2016) and starred as Lara Croft in the adventure film Tomb Raider (2018).", "Q338523": "The Accademia di San Luca, (the \"Academy of Saint Luke\") was founded in 1577 as an association of artists in Rome (under the directorship of Federico Zuccari from 1593), with the purpose of elevating the work of \"artists\", which included painters, sculptors and architects, above that of mere craftsmen. Other founders included Girolamo Muziano and Pietro Olivieri. The Academy was named after Saint Luke the evangelist who, legend has it, made a portrait of the Virgin Mary, and thus became the patron saint of painters' guilds.\nFrom the late 16th century until it moved to its present location at the Palazzo Carpegna, it was based in an urban block by the Roman Forum and although these buildings no longer survive, the Academy church of Santi Luca e Martina, does. Designed by the Baroque architect, Pietro da Cortona, its main facade overlooks the Forum.", "Q466610": "Yelena Nikolayevna Baturina (Russian: \u0415\u043b\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430; born 8 March 1963) is a Russian billionaire businesswoman and philanthropist, based in London, and was married to Yury Luzhkov, mayor of Moscow (from 1992 to 2010), until his death in 2019.\nShe founded (1991) and for two decades served as president of Inteco, an investment and construction company. Her assets are now invested in Baturina's Investment Group. The Group's commercial activities cover a hotel chain (in Ireland, the Czech Republic and Russia), a membrane construction and engineering enterprise (Germany), a renewable energy project (Greece, Cyprus and Italy), a development project (Cyprus) and investments in a number of real estate investment funds focused on residential and commercial construction and development in Europe and the US.\nBaturina is the founder of the Be Open foundation. According to Forbes, with a fortune of $1.2 billion, she remains the richest woman in Russia.", "Q705333": "David Clayton-Thomas (born David Henry Thomsett, 13 September 1941) is a Grammy Award-winning Canadian musician, singer, and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist of the American band Blood, Sweat & Tears. Clayton-Thomas has been inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame and in 2007 his jazz/rock composition \"Spinning Wheel\" was enshrined in the Canadian Songwriter's Hall of Fame. In 2010 Clayton-Thomas received his star on Canada's Walk of Fame.\nClayton-Thomas began his music career in the early 1960s, working the clubs on Toronto's Yonge Street, where he discovered his love of singing and playing the blues. Before moving to New York City in 1967, Clayton-Thomas fronted a couple of local bands, first The Shays and then The Bossmen, one of the earliest rock bands with significant jazz influences. But the real success came only a few difficult years later when he joined Blood, Sweat & Tears.\nClayton-Thomas's first album with the band, Blood, Sweat & Tears (which was released in December 1968) \u2013 despite its eponymous title, it was actually the band's second album \u2013 sold ten million copies worldwide. The record topped the Billboard album chart for seven weeks and charted for 109 weeks. It won five Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year and Best Performance by a Male Vocalist. It featured three hit singles, \"You've Made Me So Very Happy\", \"Spinning Wheel\", and \"And When I Die\" (on the Hot 100, each peaked at No. 2 and lasted 13 weeks) as well as a rendition of Billie Holiday's \"God Bless The Child\".With Clayton-Thomas fronting the band, BS&T continued with a string of hit albums, including Blood, Sweat & Tears 3 which featured Carole King's \"Hi-De-Ho\" and Clayton-Thomas's \"Lucretia MacEvil\", and Blood, Sweat & Tears 4, which yielded another Clayton-Thomas-penned hit single, \"Go Down Gamblin'\" and \"Lisa Listen to Me\".\nIn 1972 Thomas released his first Columbia solo album after BS&T, simply titled \"David Clayton Thomas\". In 1973 the second solo album Tequila Sunrise was issued by Columbia. In 1974 he issued the Harmony Junction album on RCA. In 1975 Thomas returned to front Blood Sweat & Tears again on the Columbia albums New City and, in 1976, More Than Ever. In 1977 they released Brand New Day on the ABC label. In 1978 Thomas issued another solo album on ABC, titled simply Clayton. In 1980 BS&T issued the MCA album Nuclear Blues, which also included Thomas. Later in the decade Columbia issued the double live BS&T album Live And Improvised again with Thomas. In 2004, Clayton-Thomas left New York for Toronto and launched an All-Star 10-piece band. Since then, he has toured and recorded almost a dozen albums under his own name.", "Q263533": "Jessica Par\u00e9 (born December 5, 1980) is a Canadian actress and singer known for her co-starring role as Megan Draper on the AMC series Mad Men. She has also appeared in the films Stardom (2000), Lost and Delirious (2001), Wicker Park (2004), Suck (2009), Hot Tub Time Machine (2010), and Brooklyn (2015).", "Q657461": "The city of Cartagena ( KAR-t\u0259-JEE-n\u0259, also US: -\u2060HAY-n\u0259), known in the colonial era as Cartagena de Indias (Spanish: [ka\u027eta\u02c8xena \u00f0e \u02c8indjas] (listen)), is a major port founded in 1533, on the northern coast of Colombia in the Caribbean Coast Region. It was strategically located between the Magdalena and Sin\u00fa rivers and became the main port for trade between Spain and its overseas empire, establishing its importance by the early 1540s. During the colonial era it was a key port for the export of Peruvian silver to Spain and for the import of enslaved Africans under the asiento system. It was defensible against pirate attacks in the Caribbean. It is the capital of the Bol\u00edvar Department, and had a population of 1,028,736, according to the 2018 census, making it the second-largest city in the region, after Barranquilla, and the fifth-largest city in Colombia. The urban area of Cartagena is also the fifth-largest urban area in the country. Economic activities include the maritime and petrochemicals industries, as well as tourism.\nThe present city\u2014named after Cartagena, Spain\u2014was founded on 1 June 1533; but settlement by various indigenous people in the region around Cartagena Bay dates from 4000 BC. During the Spanish colonial period Cartagena served a key role in administration and expansion of the Spanish empire. It was a center of political, ecclesiastical, and economic activity. In 1984, Cartagena's colonial walled city and fortress were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "Q273720": "Robbi Lynn Chong (born May 28, 1965) is a Canadian actress and former model.", "Q52960": "Baron Didrik Anders Gillis Bildt (16 October 1820 \u2013 22 October 1894) was a Swedish parliamentarian, military officer, baron and prime minister 1888\u20131889.", "Q110203": "Collateral is a 2004 American neo-noir action thriller film directed and produced by Michael Mann, written by Stuart Beattie and starring Tom Cruise and Jamie Foxx. Jada Pinkett Smith, Mark Ruffalo, Peter Berg, Javier Bardem, and Bruce McGill feature in supporting roles. It follows Max, a Los Angeles cab driver and his customer Vincent. When offered a high fare for driving to several locations, Max agrees but soon finds himself taken hostage by Vincent who turns out to be a hitman on a contract killing spree. \nCollateral was released in the United States on August 6, 2004, and grossed $217 million worldwide. The film received critical acclaim particularly for Michael Mann's direction and the editing. The film was chosen by the National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2004. Foxx's performance was widely praised, being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor; the editors, Jim Miller and Paul Rubell, were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing.", "Q296974": "Virginia Davis (December 31, 1918 \u2013 August 15, 2009) was an American child actress in films.", "Q25256": "Sonam Gyatso (Tibetan: \u0f56\u0f66\u0f7c\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f53\u0f58\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f5a\u0f7c\u0f0b, Wylie: bsod nams rgya mtsho, ZYPY: Soinam Gyaco; 1543\u20131588) was the first to be named Dalai Lama, although the title was retrospectively given to his two predecessors.\nHe was born near Lhasa in 1543 and was recognised as the reincarnation of Gendun Gyatso and subsequently enthroned at Drepung Monastery by Panchen Sonam Dragpa, who became his tutor. Panchen Sonam Dragpa was the 15th Ganden Tripa and his texts still serve as the core curriculum for many Gelugpa monasteries. The third Dalai Lama studied at Drepung Monastery and became its abbot. His reputation spread quickly and the monks at Sera Monastery also recognised him as their abbot.According to Sumpa Khenpo, the great Gelug scholar, he also studied some Nyingmapa tantric doctrines.When one of Tibet's kings, who had been supported by the Kagyupa, died in 1564, Sonam Gyatso presided over his funeral. His political power, and that of the Gelugpas, became dominant in Tibet by the 1570s.", "Q159603": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Gomu\u0142ka (Polish: [vwa\u02c8d\u0268swaf \u0261\u0254\u02c8muwka]; 6 February 1905 \u2013 1 September 1982) was a Polish communist politician. He was the de facto leader of post-war Poland until 1948. Following the Polish October he became leader again from 1956 to 1970. Gomu\u0142ka was initially very popular for his reforms; his seeking a \"Polish way to socialism\"; and giving rise to the period known as \"Gomu\u0142ka's thaw\". During the 1960s, however, he became more rigid and authoritarian\u2014afraid of destabilizing the system, he was not inclined to introduce or permit changes. In the 1960s he supported the persecution of the Catholic Church, intellectuals and the anti-communist opposition.\nIn 1967\u201368 Gomu\u0142ka allowed outbursts of \"anti-Zionist\" political propaganda, which turned into an anti-Semitic campaign, pursued primarily by others in the Party, but utilized by Gomu\u0142ka to retain power by shifting the attention from the stagnating economy. Many of the remaining Polish Jews left the country. At that time he was also responsible for persecuting protesting students and toughening censorship of the media. Gomu\u0142ka supported Poland's participation in the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968.\nIn the treaty with West Germany, signed in December 1970 at the end of Gomulka's period in office, Germany recognized the post-World War II borders, which established a foundation for future peace, stability and cooperation in Central Europe. In the same month, economic difficulties led to price rises and subsequent bloody clashes with shipyard workers on the Baltic coast, in which several dozen workers were fatally shot. The tragic events forced Gomu\u0142ka's resignation and retirement. In a generational replacement of the ruling elite, Edward Gierek took over the Party leadership and tensions eased.\n\n", "Q22539": "Jan Fethke (26 February 1903 \u2013 16 December 1980) was a German-Polish film director and, under the pen name Jean Forge, a successful author. He also was a famous proponent of the language Esperanto.", "Q192214": "Ren\u00e9 Goscinny (French: [\u0281\u0259ne \u0261osini], Polish: [\u0261\u0254\u0255\u02c8t\u0255inn\u0268] (listen); 14 August 1926 \u2013 5 November 1977) was a French comic editor and writer, who created the Ast\u00e9rix comic book series with illustrator Albert Uderzo. He also worked on the comic series Lucky Luke with Morris (considered the series' golden age) and Iznogoud with Jean Tabary. He also wrote a series of children's books known as \"Le Petit Nicolas\" (Little Nicolas).", "Q275437": "Reminisce Mackie (n\u00e9e Smith; May 30, 1980), known professionally as Remy Ma, is an American rapper. She was initially discovered by Big Pun, and came to prominence for her work as a member of Fat Joe\u2019s group, Terror Squad. On February 7, 2006, she released her debut studio album There's Something About Remy: Based on a True Story, which was a modest success, peaking at number 33 on the Billboard 200 chart. She is one of only five female rappers to ever top the Billboard Hot 100 chart (as a member of Terror Squad on \"Lean Back\"), and one of only three multiple winners of the BET Award for Best Female Hip-Hop Artist, which she won in 2005 and 2017.Ma's most successful songs include \"Ante Up (Remix)\", \"Lean Back\", \"Conceited\", and \"All the Way Up\". Ma is the recipient of two Vibe awards, two Source awards, and has been nominated for three Grammy awards. Since 2015, she has starred on VH1's reality series Love & Hip Hop: New York, alongside her husband Papoose.", "Q116114": "Urs Schwaller (born 31 October 1952 in Fribourg) is a Swiss politician, member of the Swiss Council of States for the Canton of Fribourg. Elected to the Council in 2003, Schwaller currently presides the caucus of the CVP/EVP/glp. From 1992\u20132004, Schwaller was member of the cantonal government of Fribourg (Conseil d'Etat).", "Q338245": "\u017dale Central Cemetery (Slovene: Centralno pokopali\u0161\u010de \u017dale), often simply \u017dale, is the largest and the central cemetery in Ljubljana and Slovenia. It is located in the Be\u017eigrad District and operated by the \u017dale Public Company.", "Q993006": "Bruno Barilli (14 December 1880 \u2013 15 April 1952) was an Italian actor and music composer, and best remembered for his writings on music and music composition.", "Q194665": "Jesper Svenbro (born 10 March 1944, in Landskrona, Scania) is a Swedish poet, classical philologist, and member of the Swedish Academy.", "Q1017769": "Mnichovo Hradi\u0161t\u011b (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8m\u0272\u026axovo \u02c8\u0266ra\u025f\u026a\u0283c\u025b]; German: M\u00fcnchengr\u00e4tz) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region in the Czech Republic. Its population is around 8,700.", "Q328056": "Bill Miller (February 3, 1915 - July 11, 2006) was an American jazz pianist, who accompanied Frank Sinatra for more than 50 years, and for the last eight years of his life, accompanied Frank Sinatra Jr..", "Q581921": "Mexican Americans (Spanish: mexicano-estadounidenses or estadounidenses de origen mexicano) are Americans of full or partial Mexican descent. As of July 2018, Mexican Americans made up 11.3% of the United States' population, as 37.0 million U.S. residents identified as being of full or partial Mexican ancestry. As of July 2018, Mexican Americans comprised 61.9% of all Latinos in Americans in the United States. Many Mexican Americans reside in the American Southwest; over 60% of all Mexican Americans reside in the states of California and Texas. As of 2016, Mexicans make up 53% of total percent population of Latin foreign-born. Mexicans are also the largest foreign-born population, accounting for 25% of the total foreign-born population, as of 2017.The United States is home to the second-largest Mexican community in the world, second only to Mexico itself, and comprising more than 24% of the entire Mexican-origin population of the world. Mexican American families of indigenous heritage have been in the country for at least 15,000 years, and mestizo Mexican American history spans more than 400 years, since the 1598 founding of Spanish New Mexico. Spanish subjects of New Spain in the Southwest included New Mexican Hispanos and Pueblo Indians and Genizaros, Tejanos, Californios and Mission Indians have existed since the area was part of New Spain. The majority of these historically primarily Hispanophone populations eventually adopted English as their first language as part of their overall Americanization. Approximately ten percent of the current Mexican-American population are descended from the early colonial settlers who became U.S. citizens in 1848 via the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which ended the Mexican\u2013American War.Although most of the original Mexican American population were officially deemed white citizens by the treaty, they have faced and continue to face discrimination in the form of Anti-Mexican sentiment and Hispanophobia, historically rooted in the idea that Mexicans were \"too Indian\" to be citizens; Indigenous Mexican Americans, such as Pueblo, were not granted citizenship until the 1920s. Despite assurances to the contrary, the property rights of formerly Mexican citizens were often not honored by the U.S. in accordance with modifications to and interpretations of the Treaty. Continuous large-scale migration, particularly after the 1910 Mexican Revolution, added to this original population. During the Great Depression, Mexican Americans were scapegoated and subjected to an ethnic cleansing campaign of mass deportation which affected an estimated 500,000 to two million people. In violation of immigration law, the federal government allowed state and local governments to unilaterally deport citizens without due process. An estimated 85% of those ethnically cleansed were United States citizens, with 60% being birthright citizens. The remaining population became more homogenous and politically active during the New Deal \u2014 which largely excluded Mexican Americans \u2014 and World War II era, which brought about the guest-worker Bracero Program.\nThe 1965 Delano grape strike, sparked by mostly Filipino American farmworkers, became an intersectional struggle when labor leaders and voting rights and civil rights activists Dolores Huerta, founder of the National Farm Workers Association, and her co-leader C\u00e9sar Ch\u00e1vez united with the strikers to form the United Farm Workers. Huerta's slogan \"S\u00ed, se puede\" (Spanish for \"Yes we can\"), was popularized by Ch\u00e1vez's fast and became a rallying cry for the Chicano Movement, or Mexican American civil rights movement. The Chicano movement aimed for a variety of civil rights reforms, and was inspired by the civil rights movement; demands ranged from the restoration of land grants, to farm workers' rights, to enhanced education, to voting and political rights, as well as emerging awareness of collective history. The Chicano walkouts of antiwar students is traditionally seen as the start of the more radical phase of the Chicano movement.Immigration from Mexico greatly increased in the 1980s and 1990s, peaking in the mid-2000s. In 2008, \"Yes We Can\" (In Spanish: \"S\u00ed, se puede\" ) was adopted as the 2008 campaign slogan of Barack Obama, whose election and reelection as the first African American president underlined the growing importance of the Mexican American vote. The Great Recession led to a severe loss in Mexican American wealth, and immigration from Mexico decreased. The failure of presidents of both parties to properly enact immigration reform in the United States led to an increased polarization of how to handle an increasingly diverse population as Mexican Americans spread out from traditional centers in the Southwest and Chicago. In 2015, the United States admitted 157,227 Mexican immigrants, and as of November 2016, 1.31 million Mexicans were on the waiting list to immigrate to the United States through legal means.", "Q930961": "Jos\u00e9 Santos Chocano Gasta\u00f1odi (May 14, 1875 \u2013 December 13, 1934), more commonly known by his pseudonym \"El Cantor de Am\u00e9rica\" (Spanish pronunciation: [t\u0283o\u02c8kano]), was a Peruvian poet, writer and diplomat, whose work was widely praised across Europe and Latin America. Considered by many to be one of the most important Spanish-American poets, his poetry of grandiloquent tone was very sonorous and full of color.\nHe produced lyrical poetry of singular intimacy, refined with formalism, within the molds of modernism. His work is inspired by the themes, the landscapes and the people of Peru and of America in general. He became the most popular writer in Peru after Ricardo Palma, although his ascendancy in Peruvian literary circles gradually diminished, to the benefit of another great poet of Peru, C\u00e9sar Vallejo.\nHe claimed to have rediscovered Latin America through verse in his 1906 collection Alma Am\u00e9rica, which carried an introduction by the distinguished philosopher-poet Miguel de Unamuno. Chocano was involved in many violent feuds with other intellectuals, and was jailed for shooting a journalist who had criticized him. In his turn, Chocano was stabbed to death on a tram in Santiago de Chile by an unknown assailant.\nChocano is remembered by most Peruvians as a great poet; his compositions \"Blazon\", \"The horses of the conquerors\" and \"Who knows! ...\" are classics of recitations to the present.\n\n", "Q50811": "The Regional Municipality of Peel (also known as the Region of Peel or Peel Region) is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada. It consists of three municipalities to the west and northwest of Toronto: the cities of Brampton and Mississauga, and the town of Caledon, each of which spans its full east-west width. The entire region is part of the Greater Toronto Area and the inner ring of Golden Horseshoe. The regional seat is in Brampton.\nWith a population of 1,381,739 (2016 census), its growth can be credited largely to immigration and its transportation infrastructure: seven 400-series highways serve the region, and Toronto Pearson International Airport is located within its boundaries.\nMississauga occupies the southernmost portion of the region, and is, with 713,443 residents, the largest in population (the sixth-largest in Canada). It reaches from Lake Ontario north to near Highway 407. In the centre is Brampton, a city of 523,911 (ranked 9th by population in Canada). Finally up north, by far the largest in area and the most sparsely populated part of the region is Caledon, which is home to 59,460 residents.", "Q362639": "Louis Joseph Ferdinand H\u00e9rold (28 January 1791 \u2013 19 January 1833), better known as Ferdinand H\u00e9rold (pronounced [f\u025b\u0281din\u0251\u0303 e\u0281\u0254ld]), was a French operatic composer of Alsatian descent who also wrote many pieces for the piano, orchestra, and the ballet. He is best known today for the ballet La fille mal gard\u00e9e and the overture to the opera Zampa.", "Q526220": "William Franklin Knox (January 1, 1874 \u2013 April 28, 1944) was an American politician, newspaper editor and publisher. He was also the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1936, and Secretary of the Navy under Franklin D. Roosevelt during most of World War II. On December 7th,1941, Knox flanked by his assistant John O\u2019Keefe walked into Roosevelt\u2019s White House study at approximately 1:30 PM EST announcing that Japan had attacked Pearl Harbor. Knox was mentioned by name in Adolf Hitler's speech of December 11, 1941, in which Hitler asked for a German declaration of war against the United States.\nBorn in Boston, he attended Alma College and served with the Rough Riders during the Spanish\u2013American War. After the war, he became a newspaper editor in Grand Rapids, Michigan and a prominent supporter of the Republican Party. He advocated U.S. entrance into World War I and served as an artillery officer in France. The 1936 Republican National Convention nominated a ticket of Alf Landon and Knox, and they were defeated by Roosevelt and John Nance Garner in the 1936 election.\nAfter World War II broke out, Knox supported aid to the Allies. In 1940, Roosevelt appointed him as Secretary of the Navy in hopes of building bipartisan support. He presided over a naval buildup and pushed for the internment of Japanese Americans. Knox served as Secretary of the Navy until his death in 1944.\n\n", "Q49398": "The Black Windmill is a 1974 British spy thriller film directed by Don Siegel and starring Michael Caine, John Vernon, Janet Suzman and Donald Pleasence. It was produced by Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown.", "Q38561": "The Madwoman of Chaillot is a 1969 American satirical film made by Commonwealth United Entertainment and distributed by Warner Bros.-Seven Arts. It was directed by Bryan Forbes and produced by Ely A. Landau with Anthony B. Unger as associate producer. The screenplay was by Edward Anhalt, adapted by Maurice Valency from the celebrated play La Folle de Chaillot by Jean Giraudoux via the English adaptation The Madwoman of Chaillot. The music score was by Michael J. Lewis and the cinematography by Burnett Guffey and Claude Renoir.The film stars Katharine Hepburn with Paul Henreid, Oskar Homolka, Yul Brynner, Richard Chamberlain, Edith Evans and Donald Pleasence.A musical version of the play titled Dear World with music and lyrics by Jerry Herman, and starring Angela Lansbury, opened with little success on Broadway in 1969.", "Q2080623": "The Schwarzberghorn (Italian: Corno Nero) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. Its summit (3,609 m) is the tripoint between the valleys Mattertal, Saastal (both in Valais) and Valle Anzasca (in Piedmont) and the southernmost point of the Mischabel-Strahlhorn chain, and northern end of the Weissgrat.", "Q250847": "Yuhki Nakayama (\u4e2d\u5c71\u53cb\u8cb4, Nakayama Y\u016bki, born July 29, 1987) in Kanazawa is a Japanese racing driver. He currently drives in the Super GT series in the GT300 category for Team Mugen and in Super Formula for Real Racing.\n\n", "Q4497226": "Kenneth A. \"Ken\" Hendricks (September 8, 1941 \u2013 December 21, 2007) was an American businessman who, along with Diane Hendricks, his business partner and wife, grew a shingle supply company into a $2.6 billion fortune and a spot on the Forbes 400. Primarily associated with Beloit, Wisconsin, Hendricks lived in nearby Afton.", "Q172486": "Victor Wilson (14 April 1931 \u2013 14 January 2001) was a British racing driver.\nBorn in Hull and raised in South Africa, Wilson participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, the 1960 Italian Grand Prix at Monza and the 1966 Belgian Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchamps. In the former, he drove a private Cooper-Climax and retired just before half-distance, while in the latter he was entered in a private BRM but was forced to give his car to American Bob Bondurant before the race. He also participated in some non-Championship Formula One races.\nAfter racing, Wilson worked as a motor dealer before dying in a motor accident at Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire.", "Q186261": "Gideon Sundback (April 24, 1880 \u2013 June 21, 1954) was a Swedish-American electrical engineer, who is most commonly associated with his work in the development of the zipper.", "Q152756": "Frederick VIII (Christian Frederik Vilhelm Carl) (3 June 1843 \u2013 14 May 1912) was King of Denmark from 1906 to 1912. Before his accession to the throne at age 62, he served as crown prince for over 42 years. During the long reign of his father, King Christian IX, he was largely excluded from influence and political power.", "Q1150350": "The Rotsandnollen is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located between Melchsee-Frutt and Engelberg in Central Switzerland. The summit is located on the border between the cantons of Nidwalden and Obwalden.", "Q1254830": "Hermann Weigert (20 October 1890 in Breslau \u2013 2 April 1955 in New York City) was a German vocal coach, pianist, and conductor. He was a vocal coach and accompanist for the Metropolitan Opera for thirteen years. Recognized as an authority on the works of Richard Wagner, he served as a consultant to the Bayreuth Festival from 1951 until his death four years later. He was the husband, accompanist and, voice teacher of Swedish soprano Astrid Varnay, whose career he managed to international success. He also served as accompanist and vocal coach for soprano Kirsten Flagstad for many years.", "Q77276": "Frank Arnau (March 9, 1894 - February 11, 1976) was the pseudonym of a German crime fiction writer, born as Heinrich Schmitt.", "Q58295": "Carlos Morales Troncoso (29 September 1940 \u2013 25 October 2014) was Vice President of the Dominican Republic from 1986 to 1994 and its foreign minister from 2004 to 2014.", "Q84": "London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England, at the head of its 50-mile (80 km) estuary leading to the North Sea, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. Londinium was founded by the Romans. The City of London, London's ancient core \u2212 an area of just 1.12 square miles (2.9 km2) and colloquially known as the Square Mile \u2212 retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits. The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status. Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.London is considered to be one of the world's most important global cities and has been called the world's most powerful, most desirable, most influential, most visited, most expensive, innovative, sustainable, most investment-friendly, and most-popular-for-work city. London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transportation. London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance. It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP. It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic. It is the leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. London's universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and London is home to highly ranked institutions such as Imperial College London in natural and applied sciences, the London School of Economics in social sciences, and the comprehensive University College London and King's College London. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted three modern Summer Olympic Games.London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2018 municipal population (corresponding to Greater London) was 8,908,081, the third most populous of any city in Europe and accounts for 13.4% of the UK population. London's urban area is the third most populous in Europe, after Moscow and Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The London commuter belt is the most populous in Europe with 14,040,163 inhabitants in 2016. Prior to Brexit, London had been the largest city in the EU.\n\nLondon contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement in Greenwich where the Royal Observatory, Greenwich defines the Prime Meridian (0\u00b0 longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. Other landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square and The Shard. London has numerous museums, galleries, libraries and sporting events. These include the British Museum, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, Tate Modern, British Library and West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.", "Q520651": "Ewen Bremner is a Scottish character actor. His roles have included Julien in Julien Donkey-Boy, Daniel \"Spud\" Murphy in Trainspotting and its 2017 sequel T2 Trainspotting, SPC Shawn Nelson in Black Hawk Down, expert marksman Charlie in Wonder Woman and Lt. Red Winkle in Pearl Harbor.", "Q391969": "MGMT () is an American pop and rock band formed in 2002 in Middletown, Connecticut. It was founded by multi-instrumentalists Andrew VanWyngarden and Ben Goldwasser. Alongside VanWyngarden and Goldwasser, MGMT's live lineup currently consists of drummer Will Berman, bassist Simon O'Connor, and guitarist and keyboard James Richardson.\nOriginally signed to Cantora Records by the nascent label's co-founder, NYU undergrad Will Griggs, MGMT later signed with Columbia and RED Ink in 2006 and released their debut album Oracular Spectacular the next year. After the release of Oracular Spectacular Asti, Richardson and Berman joined the core band in the studio for Congratulations, which was released on April 13, 2010. In January 2011 they began work on their eponymous third studio album. It was released on September 17, 2013, and was released as an early exclusive on Rdio on September 9, 2013. The group's fourth studio album, titled Little Dark Age, was released in February 2018. Now, beginning in 2019, the duo is completely independent for the first time in their history. In late 2019, the two released a new song called \"In the Afternoon\" as their first fully self produced single. On October 5, 2007, Spin named MGMT \"Artist of the Day\". In November Rolling Stone pegged MGMT as a top ten \"Artist to Watch\" in 2008 and went on to name Oracular Spectacular number 494 in their top 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. The band placed ninth in the BBC's Sound of 2008 Top Ten Poll. They were also named as Last.fm's most played new artist of 2008 in their Best of 2008 list. At the 51st Grammy Awards, the Justice remix of \"Electric Feel\" won the Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical. The group was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best New Artist and \"Kids\" was nominated for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 52nd Grammy Awards.", "Q108302": "Jan Henrik Stahlberg (born 30 December 1970) is a German actor and film director. He appeared in more than sixty films since 2000.", "Q978931": "John W. \"Jack\" Swilling (April 1, 1830 \u2013 August 12, 1878) was an early pioneer in the Arizona Territory. He is commonly credited as one of the original founders of the city of Phoenix, Arizona. Swilling also played an important role in the opening of the central Arizona highlands to white settlement. His discoveries resulted in a gold rush to the region, and this in turn led to the establishment of Arizona's first territorial capital at the mining town of Prescott.Swilling was both a Confederate States Army minuteman and a civilian aid to the United States Army during the American Civil War. He worked in a variety of disciplines throughout his life, including as a teamster, prospector, mine and mill owner, and saloon and dance hall owner, as well as a canal builder, farmer, rancher, and public servant. All of this was accomplished while he suffered from periods of excruciating pain resulting from major injuries he suffered in 1854. He took morphine to assuage the pain, which led to dependency problems for the rest of his life.", "Q3546194": "Yasuko Nagazumi (\u6c38\u7a4d\u9756\u5b50, Nagazumi Yasuko, born 1943) is a Hollywood producer and manager responsible for print advertising campaigns on behalf of clients such as Armani, Donna Karan, Guess?, Pirelli and Vogue magazine, working with photographers such as Peter Lindbergh, Herb Ritts, Helmut Newton and others.A former actress, she is best known for her roles in British television as a regular cast member of the 1970s series The Protectors (as Suki) and Space: 1999 (as Yasko). She also appeared in the Bulldog Drummond film Deadlier Than the Male (1967), the James Bond film You Only Live Twice (1967), the TV spin-off film Wombling Free (1977), the World War II comedy series It Ain't Half Hot Mum, and the TV series From Here to Eternity.She has a daughter, Miki Berenyi, who was the lead singer and guitarist of the English alternative rock band Lush.", "Q2846634": "Andrew House (born 23 January 1965) is a Welsh businessman and the former chair of Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE). He previously served as President and Global CEO of SIE. House started working for Sony Computer Corporation in 1990, working in the Tokyo-based corporate communications department. Five years later in 1995, he transferred to SCEI's marketing and communications to contribute to the launch of the PlayStation gaming system. March 1996, he was promoted to Vice President of Marketing at Sony Computer Entertainment America (SCEA), then promoted again in 2002 to Executive Vice President of SCEA. From 2005 to 2009, Andrew House was the chief marketing officer of the Sony Corporation. From 2009 until 2011, House was co-CEO and then CEO of Sony Computer Entertainment Europe (SCEE), then became President and Group CEO of SCEI, replacing Kaz Hirai. In 2013, House led the conference which revealed the PlayStation 4. In 2017 House announced he would step down as head of Sony Interactive Entertainment at year end.", "Q13914": "Yann Martel (born 25 June 1963) is a Spanish-born Canadian author best known for the Man Booker Prize-winning novel Life of Pi, an international bestseller published in more than 50 territories. It has sold more than 12 million copies worldwide and spent more than a year on the bestseller lists of the New York Times and The Globe and Mail, among many other best-selling lists. It was adapted for a film directed by Ang Lee, garnering four Oscars including Best Director and winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score.Martel is also the author of the novels The High Mountains of Portugal, Beatrice and Virgil, and Self, the collection of stories The Facts Behind the Helsinki Roccamatios, and a collection of letters to Canada's Prime Minister 101 Letters to a Prime Minister. He has won a number of literary prizes, including the 2001 Hugh MacLennan Prize for Fiction and the 2002 Asian/Pacific American Award for Literature.Martel lives in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan with writer Alice Kuipers and their four children. His first language is French, but he writes in English.", "Q232754": "Natalia Mikhailovna Vodianova (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u0434\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430 (pronounced by her \u0412\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430); pronounced [n\u0250\u02c8tal\u02b2j\u0259 m\u02b2\u026a\u02c8xaj\u026b\u0259vn\u0259 v\u0259d\u02b2\u026a\u02c8nov\u0259]; born 28 February 1982), nicknamed Supernova, is a Russian model, philanthropist, entrepreneur, and public speaker.\nShe is well known for her rags-to-riches life story and for her eight-season, seven-figure contract with Calvin Klein. In 2012, she came in third on the Forbes top-earning models list, estimated to have earned $8.6 million in one year. Vodianova is currently ranked by models.com as one of the New Supers in the fashion industry.Vodianova is the founder of the Naked Heart Foundation, a philanthropic organisation committed to helping children with special needs and their families. In 2015, Vodianova launched \"Elbi\": a disruptive digital platform that aims to bring philanthropy in the daily life of people through micro-donations.\nIn 2010, Vodianova was awarded by Harper\u2019s Bazaar as Inspiration of the Year, in 2014 Glamour recognised her as Woman of the Year and The Voice for Children award. In 2016, Mattel created the first Russian Barbie under her name. She received Vogue India's Women of The Year awards 2017.\nVodianova is a mother of 5. She is also a member of the Special Olympics International Board of Directors, the world's largest sports organisation for children and adults with intellectual disabilities, providing year-round training and competitions to 5.7 million athletes and Unified Sports partners in 172 countries.", "Q55941": "Przemys\u0142aw Edgar Gosiewski (pronounced [p\u0282\u025b\u02c8m\u0268swaf \u02c8\u025bd\u0261ar \u0261\u0254\u02c8\u0255\u025bfsk\u02b2i]; May 12, 1964 \u2013 April 10, 2010) was a Polish politician and a deputy chair of Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwo\u015b\u0107) party. In the 1980s he was active in the Solidarity movement. In years 2006-2007 he served as a Deputy Prime Minister of Poland in Jaros\u0142aw Kaczy\u0144ski's government.\nHe was elected to Sejm in 2001 and reelected on September 25, 2005, receiving 31,253 votes in 33 Kielce district as a candidate on the Law and Justice list.\nHe was the majority leader between November 3, 2005 and July 19, 2006. He has been a minister (Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Council of Ministers) since July 14, 2006. On May 8, 2007 he became Deputy Prime Minister of Poland and held that position until November 11, 2007.\nHe was listed on the flight manifest of the Tupolev Tu-154 of the 36th Special Aviation Regiment carrying the President of Poland Lech Kaczy\u0144ski which crashed near Smolensk-North airport near Pechersk near Smolensk, Russia, on 10 April 2010, killing all aboard.\nOn 16 April 2010, Gosiewski was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta and on 29 April 2010, the City Council in Ostrowiec made him an honorary citizen.", "Q436769": "Francesca Annis (born 14 May 1945) is an English actress. She is known for television roles in Reckless (1998), Wives and Daughters (1999), Deceit (2000) and Cranford (2007). A six-time BAFTA TV Award nominee, she won the 1979 BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for the ITV serial Lillie. Her film appearances include Krull (1983), Dune (1984), The Debt Collector (1999) and The Libertine (2004).", "Q121790": "Erich Mix (27 June 1898 in Labuhnken (now Trzci\u0144sk, Poland) in West Prussia (now Starogard Gda\u0144ski) \u2013 9 April 1971 in Wiesbaden) was a German flying ace during World War II, a politician, a member of the Nazi Party, and later a member of the Free Democratic Party.\nMix fought as an infantryman in World War I before he trained as a fighter pilot and posted to Jagdstaffel 54, where, as an Unteroffizer from June 1918 until the end of the war, he scored three aerial victories (and one unconfirmed balloon) of Jasta 54's total of 22 victories, for which he was awarded both classes of the Iron Cross.After the war, he studied law at the University of Greifswald and made a career as a leading administrative official. In 1934, he became Mayor of Tilsit (now Sovetsk, Russia) in 1934-37, later of Wiesbaden in 1937-45 and 1954-60. In his first term as mayor of Wiesbaden, most of the Jewish community of Wiesbaden, some 2,700 people in 1933, were murdered and their synagogues were burned, under Mix's leadership. (However, he was again elected mayor in 1954, and he is buried in the honorary section of the Wiesbaden graveyard.)\nIn 1935, he started flying again, training as an observer and then as a fighter pilot in 1937. \nServing as technical officer with I./JG 53 at the outbreak of World War II, Mix claimed three French Morane fighters over Saargem\u00fcnd (now Sarreguemines, France) on 21 September 1939, and four more on 22 November 1939 over Saarbr\u00fccken. Appointed to command III./JG 2 in March 1940, he claimed three more Moranes on 21 May 1940, although Mix was shot down and forced to land in a field near Roye on 21 May in Bf 109E-3 W.Nr.1526. After being hospitalized, Mix returned to III./JG 2 on 19 June. He left France with his unit and relocated to Frankfurt/Rhein-Main on 1 July. On 27 July, the unit returned to \u00c9vreux-West until 4 August. Mix claimed a Hawker Hurricane on 4 September. Mix remained Gruppenkommandeur of III./JG 2 until 24 September 1940, when he became one of the older commanders dismissed by a frustrated Goering in favour of the younger, up-and-coming aces of 1940; in Mix's case, Hpt. Otto Bertram. Mix's final claim was a Bristol Blenheim over The Hague (den Haag) in July 1941, while commanding JG 1. He later served as Jaf\u00fc Bretagne ( Fighter Leader, Brittany) from April 1943 onwards. \nDuring World War II, he claimed eight (potentially 13) aerial victories.", "Q447190": "Maria Johanna Meijsing (21 October 1947 \u2013 30 January 2012) was a Dutch novelist. She won the AKO Literatuurprijs in 2000 for her novel De tweede man, and in 2008 the Ferdinand Bordewijk Prijs for her novel Over de liefde. Doeschka Meijsing is the older sister of writer Geerten Meijsing and philosopher Monica Meijsing.", "Q378891": "What Just Happened is a 2008 American satirical comedy-drama directed by Barry Levinson and starring Robert De Niro. The supporting cast includes Catherine Keener, Robin Wright Penn, Stanley Tucci, Moon Bloodgood, and Sean Penn.\nWhat Just Happened is an independent film, produced by 2929 Productions, Art Linson Productions and Tribeca Productions, and was released on October 17, 2008.The film is based on the book What Just Happened? Bitter Hollywood Tales from the Front Line by Art Linson, about his experiences as a producer in Hollywood.This film was shown at the Cannes Film Festival on May 25, 2008.", "Q98927": "Rebecca Immanuel, born Sonja Zimmer (born 1970 in Oberhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German actress.\nImmanuel is married and has a son.\n\n", "Q357872": "Giacomo Torelli (1 September 1608 \u2013 17 June 1678) was an Italian stage designer, engineer, and architect. His work in stage design, particularly his designs of machinery for creating spectacular scenery changes and other special effects, was extensively engraved and hence survives as the most complete record of mid-seventeenth-century set design.\n\n", "Q75449": "Carl Heinrich Edmund von Berg (30 November 1800 in G\u00f6ttingen \u2013 20 June 1874 in Schandau) was a German forestry scientist.\nHe was a student at the forestry academy in Drei\u00dfigacker, followed by studies at the University of G\u00f6ttingen. In 1821 he became a teaching assistant at the Forstschule in Clausthal, where he subsequently served as a Forstschreiber (from 1824) and Oberf\u00f6rster and lecturer (from 1830). In 1833 he was named chief forester and forestry inspector in Lauterberg.From 1845 to 1866, he was director of the Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry in Tharandt. Beginning in 1846, he headed the editorial staff of the Forstwissenschaftlichen Jahrbuchs der Akademie Tharandt.", "Q431006": "Viktor Petrovich Savinykh was born in Berezkiny, Kirov Oblast, Russian SFSR on March 7, 1940. Married with one child. Selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978. Retired on February 9, 1989.\nFlew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz T-4, Soyuz T-13 and Soyuz TM-5.\nHas spent 252 days 17 hours 38 minutes in space.", "Q348952": "Adam Campbell (born Adam Jones; 19 August 1980) is an English actor. He has appeared in films such as Date Movie and Epic Movie, and portrayed Cal Vandeusen in the horror miniseries Harper's Island. He also appeared in the sitcom Great News as Greg Walsh.", "Q100986": "Dirk Becker (born 4 May 1966 in Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German politician and member of the SPD.\nFrom 2005 to 2015 he was a member of the Bundestag. Since 2015 he has been the mayor of Oerlinghausen.", "Q947519": "John Anthony Ciardi ( CHAR-dee; Italian: [\u02c8t\u0283ardi]; June 24, 1916 \u2013 March 30, 1986) was an American poet, translator, and etymologist. While primarily known as a poet, he also translated Dante's Divine Comedy, wrote several volumes of children's poetry, pursued etymology, contributed to the Saturday Review as a columnist and long-time poetry editor, and directed the Bread Loaf Writers' Conference in Vermont. In 1959, Ciardi published a book on how to read, write, and teach poetry, How Does a Poem Mean?, which has proven to be among the most-used books of its kind. At the peak of his popularity in the early 1960s, Ciardi also had a network television program on CBS, Accent. Ciardi's impact on poetry is perhaps best measured through the younger poets whom he influenced as a teacher and as editor of the Saturday Review.", "Q93872": "Hilde Spiel (19 October 1911 \u2013 30 November 1990) (pseudonyms: Grace Hanshaw and Jean Lenoir) was an Austrian writer and journalist who received numerous awards and honours.", "Q76140": "Karl Gottlieb Guichard (1724\u20131775) also known as Quintus Icilius, was a soldier and military writer.", "Q276116": "Ethel Griffies (born Ethel Woods; 26 April 1878 \u2013 9 September 1975) was an English actress of stage, screen and television. She is perhaps best-known to modern audiences as the ornithologist Mrs. Bundy in Alfred Hitchcock's The Birds (1963). She appeared in stage roles in her native England and in the United States, and had featured roles in around 100 motion pictures, she was one of the oldest working actors in the English speaking theatre at the time of her death at 97 years old. She acted alongside such stars as May Whitty, Ellen Terry and Anna Neagle.", "Q153460": "Ilse Aigner (born 7 December 1964) is a German politician and member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU).\nAigner was born in Feldkirchen-Westerham, Rosenheim, Bavaria and entered Angela Merkel's grand coalition cabinet as Federal Minister of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection on 31 October 2008. She succeeded Horst Seehofer who had become Minister President of Bavaria. She left her position on 30 September 2013 after being elected as a member of the Bavarian parliament. From 2013 she served as Deputy Minister-President of Bavaria. In addition, she served as State Minister of Economic Affairs; and Media, Energy and Technology (2013-2018) and State Minister of Construction and Transport (2018). After Horst Seehofer resigned as Minister President in order to become Federal Minister of the Interior on 14 March 2018, Aigner became acting Minister President until the election of Markus S\u00f6der as Minister President. After the 2018 Bavarian State elections, she was elected as President of the Bavarian Landtag, succeeding longterm president Barbara Stamm who lost her seat in the election.", "Q124830": "Urs Noel Glutz von Blotzheim (born 18 December 1932 in Solothurn) is a Swiss zoologist, who is primarily known for his ornithological work. Glutz von Blotzheim is Professor Emeritus at the University of Bern.\nHe is an honorary member of the British Ornithologists' Union.", "Q23814874": "The Kennedys: After Camelot (also known as The Kennedys: Decline and Fall) is an American television drama miniseries based on the book After Camelot: A Personal History of the Kennedy Family 1968 to the Present by J. Randy Taraborrelli as a follow-up to the 2011 miniseries The Kennedys. Katie Holmes reprised her role as Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, while Matthew Perry played Ted Kennedy, Alexander Siddig appeared as Aristotle Onassis and Kristen Hager as Joan Bennett Kennedy, Ted's wife. The two-part miniseries aired on Reelz on April 2, 2017, and April 9, 2017.", "Q464749": "Journey is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in 1973, composed of former members of Santana and Frumious Bandersnatch. The band has gone through several phases; its strongest commercial success occurred between 1978 and 1987 when Steve Perry was lead vocalist. During that period, the band released a series of hit songs, including \"Don't Stop Believin'\" (1981), which in 2009 became the top-selling track in iTunes history among songs not released in the 21st century. Its parent studio album, Escape, the band's seventh and most successful, reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and yielded another of their most popular singles, \"Open Arms\". Its 1983 follow-up album, Frontiers, was almost as successful in the United States, reaching No. 2 and spawning several successful singles; it broadened the band's appeal in the United Kingdom, where it reached No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart. Journey enjoyed a successful reunion in the mid-1990s and later regrouped with a series of lead singers.\nSales have resulted in one diamond, ten platinum (including seven consecutive multi-platinum albums between 1978 and 1987) and three gold albums. They have had eighteen Top 40 singles in the U.S. (the second most without a Billboard Hot 100 number one single behind Electric Light Orchestra with 20), six of which reached the Top 10 of the US chart and two of which reached No. 1 on other Billboard charts, and a No. 6 hit on the UK Singles Chart in \"Don't Stop Believin'\". In 2005, \"Don't Stop Believin'\" reached No. 3 on iTunes downloads. Originally a progressive rock band, Journey was described by AllMusic as having cemented a reputation as \"one of America's most beloved (and sometimes hated) commercial rock/pop bands\" by 1978, when they redefined their sound by embracing pop arrangements on their fourth album, Infinity.According to the Recording Industry Association of America, Journey has sold 48 million albums in the U.S., making them the 25th best-selling band. Their worldwide sales have reached over 75 million records, making them one of the world's best-selling bands of all time. A 2005 USA Today opinion poll named Journey the fifth-best U.S. rock band in history. Their songs have become arena rock staples and are still played on rock radio stations across the world. Journey ranks No. 96 on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.\nJourney was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with the class of 2017. Inductees included lead singer Steve Perry, guitarist Neal Schon, keyboardists Jonathan Cain and Gregg Rolie, bassist Ross Valory, and drummers Aynsley Dunbar and Steve Smith.\n\n", "Q314787": "Tariq Ali Khan (; born 21 October 1943) is a British political activist, writer, journalist, historian, filmmaker, and public intellectual. He is a member of the editorial committee of the New Left Review and Sin Permiso, and contributes to The Guardian, CounterPunch, and the London Review of Books. He read PPE at Exeter College, Oxford.\nHe is the author of many books, including Pakistan: Military Rule or People's Power (1970), Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State (1983), Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads and Modernity (2002), Bush in Babylon (2003), Conversations with Edward Said (2005), Pirates Of The Caribbean: Axis Of Hope (2006), A Banker for All Seasons (2007), The Duel (2008), The Obama Syndrome (2010), and The Extreme Centre: A Warning (2015).\n\n", "Q527116": "Philippe Henriot (7 January 1889, Reims \u2013 28 June 1944, Paris) was a French poet, journalist, politician, and Minister in the French government at Vichy, where he directed propaganda broadcasts. He also joined the Milice part-time.", "Q260774": "Leo Stein (May 11, 1872 \u2013 July 29, 1947) was an American art collector and critic. He was born in Allegheny City (now in Pittsburgh), the older brother of Gertrude Stein. He became an influential promoter of 20th-century paintings. Beginning in 1892, he studied at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, for two years. The following year, he traveled the world with his cousin, Fred. In 1897, he transferred to Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1898.\nStein spent a number of years living in Paris with his sister. In 1914, the two split due to Leo's resentment of Gertrude's infatuation with Alice B. Toklas, whom he described as \"a kind of abnormal vampire\". Stein returned to America to work as a journalist but eventually settled near Florence, Italy, with his long-time love interest, Nina Auzias. They eventually married in 1921.Stein died of cancer in 1947 in Florence. Auzias committed suicide two years later.", "Q239601": "Nayak: The Real Hero is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language political action thriller film directed by S. Shankar and starring Anil Kapoor, Rani Mukerji, Amrish Puri, Paresh Rawal and Johnny Lever in the lead roles. The film is a remake of S. Shankar's own successful Tamil film Mudhalvan (1999). The film's score and soundtrack, composed by A. R. Rahman, were reused from Mudhalvan with Hindi lyrics. The performances of the cast and the film were critically acclaimed and it has since developed a mass cult following among audience.\n\n", "Q241962": "Thomas Antonio Conti (born 22 November 1941) is a Scottish actor, theatre director, and novelist. He won a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play in 1979 for his performance in Whose Life Is It Anyway? and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for the 1983 film Reuben, Reuben.", "Q716367": "Lev Manovich is an author of books on new media theory, professor of Computer Science at the City University of New York, Graduate Center, U.S. and visiting professor at European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland. Manovich's research and teaching focuses on digital humanities, social computing, new media art and theory, and software studies.One of his works, The Language of New Media, was translated into thirteen languages. Manovich's latest academic book Software Takes Command was published in 2013 by Bloomsbury, and the earlier draft version was released under a Creative Commons license.His research lab Cultural Analytics Lab (called Software Studies Initiative 2007-2016) was described in an associated press release as the first attempt at computational analysis of massive collections of images and video (cultural analytics). His lab was commissioned to create visualizations of cultural datasets for Google, New York Public Library, New York's Museum of Modern Art (MoMA).\n\n", "Q181526": "Willy Rozier (27 June 1901 - 29 May 1983) was a French actor, film director, film producer, and screenwriter who also used the pseudonym Xavier Vallier.", "Q199369": "Naomi Elaine Campbell (born 22 May 1970) is an English model, actress, and businesswoman. Discovered at the age of 15, she established herself amongst the most recognizable and in-demand models of the late 1980s and the 1990s and was one of six models of her generation declared supermodels by the fashion industry and the international press.In addition to her modeling career, Campbell has embarked on other ventures, including an R&B-pop studio album and several acting appearances in film and television, such as the modelling-competition reality show The Face and its international offshoots. Campbell is also involved in charity work for various causes.", "Q113044": "Johann Arzberger (10 April 1778, Arzberg, Sechs\u00e4mterland, Bayreuth Princedom/(today's) Upper Franconia \u2013 28 December 1835, Vienna) was an Austrian technologist.\nHe worked as a manager of equipment of the F\u00fcrstlich Salm'sche Eisenwerke (\"Princely Salm's Ironworks\") by Hugo Franz Altgraf zu Salm-Reifferscheidt (1776\u20131836) in Moravia.\nFrom 1816 on, he served as a professor of mechanical technology at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna. He published scientific articles in the field of mechanics in Gilbert's Annalen der Physik as well as in the Annals of the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna.Arzberger was a pioneer of urban street lighting \u2014 with Johann Joseph von Prechtl (1778-1854), he developed a coal gas production plant for illumination purposes at the institute. In 1818, there were 25 operational public gas lanterns in Vienna. In 1820, he invented an early steam carriage designed for travel on ordinary roads without the need of rails. On weekends and national holidays, he gave lectures free of charge.", "Q85976": "Robert Stricker (born 16 August 1879, Brno, d. 1944, Auschwitz) was a Jewish Austrian politician.\nBorn in Brno (present-day Czech Republic), Stricker graduated from high school at the technical college. He entered the service of the Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways, where he was active in management.\nHe was elected at the 1919 Austrian Constitutional Assembly election as the only representative of the Jewish National Party, founded in 1907 under the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which never again succeeded in sending a representative to the Austrian Parliament.\nIn addition, Stricker was a Zionist activist, and for many years was a board member of the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien. He was the publisher of the Jewish weekly magazine Die Neue Welt, established in 1926 as a replacement for the defunct Zionist journal Die Welt.After the Anschluss, Robert Stricker was sent to Dachau, but was eventually released. In 1942 he was sent to Theresienstadt, and is reported to have been killed in 1944 in Auschwitz.", "Q313956": "Anil Kapoor (born 24 December 1956) is an Indian actor and producer who has appeared in over hundred Hindi-language films, as well as international films and television series. His career has spanned 40 years as an actor, and as a producer since 2005. He has also won numerous awards in his career, including two National Film Awards and six Filmfare Awards in varied acting categories.\nKapoor was born in Mumbai to film producer Surinder Kapoor and appeared in his first film with a small role in the Umesh Mehra's romance Hamare Tumhare (1979). He made his first debut film and then starred as a lead actor in the 1980 Telugu film, Vamsa Vruksham directed by Bapu. He then made his Kannada film debut with Mani Ratnam's Pallavi Anu Pallavi (1983). He received his first Filmfare Award, in the Best Supporting Actor category, for his role in Yash Chopra's Mashaal (1984). Kapoor earned his first Filmfare Best Actor Award for his performance in N. Chandra's Tezaab (1988) and another for his performance in Indra Kumar's Beta (1992). Kapoor subsequently starred in many other critically and commercially successful films, including Meri Jung (1985), Yudh (1985), Karma (1986), Janbaaz (1986), Aap Ke Saath (1986), Mr. India (1987), Ghar Ho To Aisa (1990), Awaargi (1990), Benaam Badsha (1991), and Virasat (1997), for which he won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor; Taal (1999), for which he won his second Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award; Pukar (2000 ), which earned him a National Film Award for Best Actor; No Entry (2005) and Dil Dhadakne Do (2015) for which he won his third Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award.\nKapoor's first role in an international film was in Danny Boyle's Academy Award-winning film Slumdog Millionaire, for which he shared the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. His performance in the eighth season of the action series 24 generated rave reviews from the American press. Globally, Kapoor is one of the most recognised Indian film actors.", "Q1101137": "Clifford Allen Harris (born November 12, 1948) is a former professional American football safety who played for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL) for ten seasons. A Pro Football Hall of Famer, he appeared in five Super Bowls and was selected to six consecutive Pro Bowls. Harris retired from football at 31 to focus on his work within the oil business.", "Q2130862": "Rangaswamy Srinivasan (born February 28, 1929, Madras, India) is a physical chemist and inventor with a 30-year career at IBM Research. He has developed techniques for ablative photodecomposition and used them to contribute to the development of LASIK eye surgery. He received the National Medal of Technology from President Obama on February 2, 2013 for his contributions to laser eye surgery.", "Q69706": "Brissago is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. Brissago lies on the western shore of Lake Maggiore and includes the Brissago Islands.", "Q1797468": "Samuel Klein (15 November 1923 \u2013 20 November 2014) was a Polish-Brazilian business magnate and philanthropist who founded the Casas Bahia chain of department stores in Brazil, building them into the top retailer in the country. This along with his tendency to use massive warehouses for his goods, including the largest single warehouse in South America, led him to be known in the 1990s as the \"Sam Walton of Brazil\".Through Casas Bahia, Klein's family became one of the wealthiest families in Brazil. In 2013, Forbes ranked him 78th richest person in Brazil with a personal net worth of $835 million, while his son, Michael, was ranked 87th with $723 million.", "Q332998": "Ryoo Seung-wan (born December 15, 1973) is a South Korean film director.", "Q188502": "Sebastian Newbold Coe, Baron Coe, (born 29 September 1956), often referred to as Seb Coe or Lord Coe, is a British politician and former track and field athlete. As a middle-distance runner, Coe won four Olympic medals, including the 1500 metres gold medal at the Olympic Games in 1980 and 1984. He set nine outdoor and three indoor world records in middle-distance track events \u2013 including, in 1979, setting three world records in the space of 41 days \u2013 and the world record he set in the 800 metres in 1981 remained unbroken until 1997. Coe's rivalries with fellow Britons Steve Ovett and Steve Cram dominated middle-distance racing for much of the 1980s.Following Coe's retirement from athletics, he was a member of parliament for the Conservative Party from 1992 to 1997 for Falmouth in Cornwall, and became a Life Peer on 16 May 2000.\nHe headed the successful London bid to host the 2012 Summer Olympics and became chairman of the London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games. In 2007, he was elected a vice-president of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), and re-elected for another four-year term in 2011. In August 2015, he was elected president of the IAAF.In 2012, Coe was appointed Pro-Chancellor at Loughborough University where he had been an undergraduate, and is also a member of the University's governing body. He was of one of 24 athletes inducted as inaugural members of the IAAF Hall of Fame. In November 2012, he was appointed chairman of the British Olympic Association. Coe was presented with the Lifetime Achievement award at the BBC Sports Personality of the Year in December 2012.", "Q1451285": "Julian David Cole (born April 2, 1925 in Brooklyn, died April 17, 1999 in Albany, New York) was an American mathematician. He is known for his groundbreaking work in mathematical applications to aerodynamics and transonic flow, and in non-linear equations more generally. He graduated 36 PhD students and won many of the most significant scientific honors over his career, including simultaneous election to the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering in 1976.", "Q1181051": "Dean Dillon (born March 26, 1955) is an American country music artist and songwriter. Between 1982 and 1993, Dillon recorded six studio albums on various labels, and charted several singles on the Billboard country charts. Since 1993, Dillon has continued to write hit songs for other artists, most notably George Strait. In 2002, he was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame. Dillon is the father of country music songwriter, Jessie Jo Dillon, and the two often collaborate.", "Q234443": "Jodi Lynn Picoult (; born May 19, 1966) is an American writer. She was awarded the New England Bookseller Award for fiction in 2003. Currently approximately 14 million copies of her books are in print worldwide, translated into 34 languages.", "Q23169": "Oxfordshire (abbreviated Oxon, from Oxonium, the Latin name for Oxford) is a county in South East England. The ceremonial county borders Warwickshire to the north-west, Northamptonshire to the north-east, Buckinghamshire to the east, Berkshire to the south, Wiltshire to the south-west and Gloucestershire to the west.\nThe county has major education and tourist industries and is noted for the concentration of performance motorsport companies and facilities. Oxford University Press is the largest firm among a concentration of print and publishing firms; the University of Oxford is also linked to the concentration of local biotechnology companies.\nAs well as the city of Oxford, other centres of population are Banbury, Bicester, Kidlington and Chipping Norton to the north of Oxford; Carterton and Witney to the west; Thame and Chinnor to the east; and Abingdon-on-Thames, Wantage, Didcot, Wallingford and Henley-on-Thames to the south. The areas south of the Thames, the Vale of White Horse and parts of South Oxfordshire, are in the historic county of Berkshire, as is the highest point, the 261 metres (856 ft) White Horse Hill.Oxfordshire's county flower is the snake's-head fritillary.", "Q224650": "Sarah Ann McLachlan (born January 28, 1968) is a Canadian singer-songwriter known for her emotional ballads and mezzo-soprano vocal range. As of 2015 she had sold over 40 million albums worldwide. McLachlan's best-selling album to date is Surfacing, for which she won two Grammy Awards (out of four nominations) and four Juno Awards. In addition to her personal artistic efforts, she founded the Lilith Fair tour, which showcased female musicians on an unprecedented scale. The Lilith Fair concert tours took place from 1997 to 1999, and resumed in the summer of 2010.", "Q43845": "A businessman or businesswoman is a person involved in the business sector \u2013 in particular someone undertaking activities (commercial or industrial) for the purpose of generating cash flow, sales, and revenue by utilizing a combination of human, financial, intellectual and physical capital with a view to fueling economic development and growth.\nAn entrepreneur is a person who sets up a business or businesses.\nThe term \"businessperson\" may refer to a founder, owner, or majority shareholder of a commercial enterprise; or it can characterize a high-level executive who does the everyday running and management of a company even if that executive is not the owner.\nThe term may sometimes refer to someone who is involved in an upper-level management role in a corporation, company, enterprise, firm, organization, or agency.\n\n", "Q182991": "Benjamin Biolay (French pronunciation: \u200b[b\u025b\u0303.\u0292a.m\u025b\u0303 bjo.l\u025b]; 20 January 1973) is a French singer, songwriter, musician, actor and record producer. He is the brother of singer Coralie Cl\u00e9ment, whose two albums he wrote and produced, and the ex-husband of Chiara Mastroianni, the daughter of Catherine Deneuve and Marcello Mastroianni.\nHis low-key vocal style is somewhat similar to French pop star \u00c9tienne Daho. With the singer Keren Ann, whose first two albums he co-wrote and produced, he contributed several songs to Chambre avec Vue, the successful comeback album of singer Henri Salvador, and has since worked as a writer, arranger or producer for other icons of French music, including Juliette Gr\u00e9co, Julien Clerc, Fran\u00e7oise Hardy and Vanessa Paradis.\nHe wrote or performed most of the songs on the 2004 soundtrack to Clara et Moi by Arnaud Viard, and released the album Home with his wife the same year. After two more rock oriented albums in 2005 and 2007 he was dropped by his record company and began working on his first independent release, La Superbe, released on Na\u00efve records in 2009. This was followed by the soundtrack album Pourquoi tu pleures in 2011 and Vengeance in 2012.", "Q369022": "Walter Bagehot ( BAJ-\u0259t; 3 February 1826 \u2013 24 March 1877) was a British journalist, businessman, and essayist, who wrote extensively about government, economics, literature and race.", "Q126941": "Joseph Michael Straczynski (; born July 17, 1954) is an American television and film screenwriter, producer and director, and comic book writer. He is the founder of Studio JMS and is best known as the creator of the science fiction television series Babylon 5 (1993\u20131998) and its spinoff Crusade (1999), as well as the series Jeremiah (2002\u20132004) and Sense8 (2015\u20132018).Straczynski wrote the psychological drama film Changeling (2008) and was co-writer on the martial arts thriller Ninja Assassin (2009), horror film Underworld: Awakening (2012), and apocalyptic horror film World War Z (2013).\nFrom 2001 to 2007, Straczynski wrote Marvel Comics' The Amazing Spider-Man, followed by runs on Thor and Fantastic Four. He is also the author of the Superman: Earth One trilogy of graphic novels, and he has written Superman, Wonder Woman, and Before Watchmen for DC Comics. Straczynski is the creator and writer of several original comic book series such as Rising Stars, Midnight Nation, Dream Police, and Ten Grand through Joe's Comics.\nA prolific writer across a variety of media and former journalist, Straczynski is the author of the novels Blood Night (1988), Othersyde (1990), and Tribulations (2000), the short fiction collection Straczynski Unplugged (2004), and the nonfiction book The Complete Book of Scriptwriting (1982).\nStraczynski is a long-time participant in Usenet and other early computer networks, interacting with fans through various online forums (including GEnie, CompuServe, and America Online) since 1984. He is credited as being the first TV producer to directly engage with fans on the Internet, and allow their viewpoints to influence the look and feel of his show. (See Babylon 5's use of the Internet.) Two prominent areas where he had a presence were GEnie and the newsgroup rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated.", "Q274067": "Rosita Serrano (born Mar\u00eda Martha Esther Aldunate del Campo, 10 June 1912 \u2013 6 April 1997) was a Chilean singer who had her biggest success in Nazi Germany between the 1930s and the early 1940s. Because of her bell-like voice and pitch-perfect whistling she received the nickname Chilenische Nachtigall (Chilean Nightingale).\n\n", "Q232032": "Mujhse Shaadi Karogi (transl.\u2009Will You Marry Me?) is a 2004 Indian romantic comedy film directed by David Dhawan and produced by Sajid Nadiadwala. The film stars Salman Khan, Akshay Kumar and Priyanka Chopra, the second collaboration of Kumar and Chopra after their successful Andaaz (2003). The supporting cast includes Amrish Puri, Kader Khan, Satish Shah and Rajpal Yadav, with several Indian cricket team players in cameo appearances.\nSet primarily in Goa, two men (Kumar and Khan) try to win a woman's (Chopra) heart. Wanting to re-invent himself, Dhawan decided to make a film which would deviate from his signature \"mass-market\" comedies in look and feel, approaching it as a romantic comedy. The screenplay was written by Dhawan's longtime collaborator Anees Bazmee and Rumi Jaffery.\nAlthough the film is set in Goa, it was not shot there. Instead principal photography was done on two detailed sets created by Sharmishta Roy in Film City and Mauritius. Additionally, several scenes and songs were filmed on-location in Mauritius. Mujhse Shaadi Karogi was released on 30 July 2004 to positive reviews, receiving praise for its direction, performances, music, cinematography, art direction, costumes and styling. With a box-office gross of \u20b9565 million, the film was a major commercial success, becoming the third-highest-grossing Indian film of the year.\nMujhse Shaadi Karogi was nominated for three Filmfare Awards. The film received thirteen nominations at the 2005 IIFA Awards, including Best Film, Best Director (Dhawan), Best Actor (Khan) and Best Actress (Chopra), winning five awards. It received ten Screen Awards nominations, including Best Film.", "Q7360827": "Rolfe Sedan (January 20, 1896 \u2013 September 15, 1982) was an American character actor, best known for appearing in bit parts, often uncredited, usually portraying clerks, train conductors, postmen, cooks, waiters etc.", "Q25518": "Charisma (\u30ab\u30ea\u30b9\u30de, Karisuma) is a 1999 Japanese philosophical drama film written and directed by Kiyoshi Kurosawa, starring K\u014dji Yakusho.\nThe film is about a dispute between a number of people about a unique but possibly toxic tree growing in an unnamed forest. The film is largely seen from the point of view of Goro Yabuike (K\u014dji Yakusho), a police negotiator who has been relieved of his duties following his failure to prevent the death of an important hostage. He stands in the middle of the conflicting opinions about the future of the tree, and has to decide which course to commit himself to.", "Q91903": "Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Gerber, since 1859 von Gerber (11 April 1823 \u2013 23 December 1891) was a Saxon politician and one of Germany's leading jurists of his time.\nBorn to a Thuringian family in Ebeleben, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen , Gerber studied law in Jena and taught it in Erlangen after 1847, in Jena in 1862 and in Leipzig after 1863. He is often mentioned as a leading scholar of civil law together with his friend Rudolf von Jhering, and his views also helped shape the development of constitutional law in Germany.\nIn 1867, he was elected to the North German Reichstag, and became North German minister of culture in 1871. He held that post until in 1891, shortly before his death, he was appointed chief minister of the Saxon government.\nGerber married Rosalie von Bloedau in 1848, with whom he had three children. After her death in 1859, he married her sister Helene von Bloedau, with whom he had two children.", "Q107757": "Pia Beckmann (born May 14, 1963 in Gerolzhofen, Bavaria) is a doctor of philology, was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. and is an entrepreneur.In 2002 she was elected as mayor (Oberb\u00fcrgermeisterin) of W\u00fcrzburg as the first woman in W\u00fcrzburg's history. In 2008 the CSU again sent her as its candidate for mayorship, with a majority of 93%. She was one of five candidates and won the first ballot with 41,3 %, which was more than 16% better than the next candidate of the Social Democratic Party, SPD. In the second ballot, which was to be held between the two with the most votes, she only could cast 47,5 % of the votes and by this lost the run-off. In 2008 Beckmann founded her own consulting firm. In 2010 she became shareholder and managing partner of the company clean energy GmbH. Beside that, she was a lecturer at the University of W\u00fcrzburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Business Informatics, from 2008 to 2012. She is married with Klaus Hiltrop and has four children.\n\n", "Q137858": "Leven Powell (1737 \u2013 August 23, 1810) was a United States Representative from Virginia.", "Q1236051": "Francisco Asenjo Barbieri (3 August 1823 \u2013 19 February 1894) was a well-known composer of the popular Spanish opera form, zarzuela. His works include: El barberillo de Lavapi\u00e9s, Jugar con fuego, Pan y toros, Don Quijote, Los diamantes de la corona, and El Diablo en el poder.\nHe was born and died in Madrid, appropriately, since the themes are characters of his operas are often distinctly Spanish and Madrilenian. Among the characters featured by Barbieri are bullfighters, manolos and manolas, and even (in Pan y toros) the famous Spanish painter, Francisco Goya.\nThe character of much of Barbieri\u2019s work is farcical, utilizing mistaken identity and other devices to entertain the audience. His themes deal largely with the ins and outs of love, and the relations between the upper and lower classes in nineteenth-century Spain, but there is also a distinct political character to much of his work. The zarzuelas El barberillo de Lavapi\u00e9s and Pan y toros both contain plots to overthrow the government.\nIn addition to his compositions, Barbieri was also an accomplished musician. He was the founder of La Espa\u00f1a Musical (a society for the promotion of Spanish operetta) and the Society for Orchestral Music.", "Q1810650": "Leandra Overmann, real name Jelica Overmann (1957 \u2013 20 April 2012) was a Yugoslavian-Serbian opera, song, concert and oratorio singer (mezzo-soprano/alto).", "Q158247": "Jablonn\u00e9 v Podje\u0161t\u011bd\u00ed, previously N\u011bmeck\u00e9 Jablonn\u00e9 (German: Deutsch Gabel, until 1901 Gabel) is a town in Liberec District, Liberec Region, Czech Republic.", "Q65128": "Renate Elly K\u00fcnast (born 15 December 1955) is a German politician of Alliance '90/The Greens. She was the Minister of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture from 2001 to 2005 and subsequently served as chairwoman of her party's parliamentary group in the Bundestag.", "Q160900": "Pope Agapetus I (died 22 April 536) was the bishop of Rome from 13 May 535 to his death.", "Q7628316": "Studioseven Recordings is a Japanese record label founded in 2006 which is a subsidiary of Sony Music Records. After its dissolution in 2010, many of its artists were moved to Sony Music Records' gr8! Records label.", "Q232026": "Empress Jit\u014d (\u6301\u7d71\u5929\u7687, Jit\u014d-tenn\u014d, 645 \u2013 13 January 703) was the 41st monarch of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Jit\u014d's reign spanned the years from 686 through 697.In the history of Japan, Jit\u014d was the third of eight women to take on the role of empress regnant. The two female monarchs before Jit\u014d were Suiko and K\u014dgyoku/Saimei. The five women sovereigns reigning after Jit\u014d were Genmei, Gensh\u014d, K\u014dken/Sh\u014dtoku, Meish\u014d, and Go-Sakuramachi.\n\n", "Q370567": "Jan van der Heyden (5 March 1637, Gorinchem \u2013 28 March 1712, Amsterdam) was a Dutch Baroque-era painter, glass painter, draughtsman and printmaker. Van der Heyden was one of the first Dutch painters to specialize in townscapes and became one of the leading architectural painters of the Dutch Golden Age. He painted a number of still lifes in the beginning and at the end of his career.Jan van der Heyden was also an engineer and inventor who made significant contributions to contemporary firefighting technology. Together with his brother Nicolaes, who was a hydraulic engineer, he invented an improvement of the fire hose in 1672,. He modified the manual fire engine, reorganised the volunteer fire brigade (1685) and wrote and illustrated the first firefighting manual (Brandspuiten-boek). A comprehensive street lighting scheme for Amsterdam, designed and implemented by van der Heyden, remained in operation from 1669 until 1840 and was adopted as a model by many other towns and abroad.", "Q835831": "Mount Vernon is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is an inner suburb of New York City, immediately to the north of the borough of the Bronx. As of the 2010 census, Mount Vernon had a population of 67,292.", "Q3092654": "F\u00e9lix de Chazournes (26 December 1887 \u2013 December 1940) was a French writer, the winner of the 1938 Prix Femina.", "Q43689": "Aurelius Ambrosius (c.\u2009340\u2013397), better known in English as Ambrose (), an Archbishop of Milan, became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the 4th century. He served as the Roman governor of Liguria and Emilia, headquartered in Milan, before popular acclamation propelled him into becoming Bishop of Milan in 374. Ambrose staunchly opposed Arianism.\nWestern Christianity identified Ambrose as one of its four traditional Doctors of the Church, and as the patron saint of Milan. He had notable influence on Augustine of Hippo (354-430).\nTradition credits Ambrose with promoting \"antiphonal chant\", a style of chanting in which one side of the choir responds alternately to the other, as well as with composing Veni redemptor gentium, an Advent hymn.", "Q107743": "Walter Bluhm (5 August 1907 \u2013 2 December 1976) was a German film and television actor.", "Q267769": "Lajos Zilahy (27 March 1891 \u2212 1 December 1974) was a Hungarian novelist and playwright. Born in Nagyszalonta, Austria-Hungary (now Salonta in Romania), he studied law at the University of Budapest before serving in the Austro-Hungarian army during the First World War, in which he was wounded on the Eastern Front \u2013 an experience which later informed his bestselling novel Two Prisoners (K\u00e9t fogoly).\nHe was also active in film. His 1928 novel Something Is Drifting on the Water (Valamit visz a v\u00edz) was filmed twice. His play The General was filmed as The Virtuous Sin in 1930 and The Rebel in 1931.\nEdited H\u00edd (The Bridge) 1940\u20131944, an art periodical. Opposed both fascism and communism. In 1939 he established a film studio named Pegazus, which operated until the end of 1943. Pegazus produced motion pictures and Zilahy directed some of them. In 1944, his play Fatornyok (Wooden Towers) was banned. Gave all assets to government treasury in early 1940s for use in educating youth in world peace, which led to the establishment of Kit\u0171n\u0151ek Iskol\u00e1ja.\nHe wrote the 1943 screenplay himself and co-directed it with Guszt\u00e1v Ol\u00e1h in Hungary under the international English title Something Is in the Water. The Czechoslovak screenplay was written by Imre Gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6ssy, J\u00e1n Kad\u00e1r and Elmar Klos, and directed by the latter two with a Serbian, Slovak, Hungarian, Czech and American cast on location at the Danube in Slovakia under the title Desire Called Anada in Czech (Touha zvan\u00e1 Anada, 1969) and Slovak (T\u00fa\u017eba zvan\u00e1 Anada), with Adrift as its English title.\nLajos Zilahy became the Secretary General of Hungarian PEN but his liberal views placed him at odds, first with the right-wing Horthy regime and later with the post-war Communist government. Zilahy left Hungary in 1947, spending the rest of his life in exile in the USA, where he completed A Dukay csal\u00e1d, a trilogy of novels (Century in Scarlet, The Dukays, The Angry Angel) chronicling the history of a fictitious Hungarian aristocratic family from the Napoleonic era to the middle of the twentieth century. He died in Novi Sad, Serbia, then part of Yugoslavia.\nSeveral of his novels have been translated into Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Rumanian, Serbian, Slovak,Slovenian, Spanish (mainly), Swedish, and Turkish, and some of his plays into German, Italian, and Spanish. An edition of his short stories is available in Spanish and some of his short stories have been translated into Bulgarian, Croatian, English, Estonian, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Slovak, Spanish, and Swedish, and some of his poems into German.", "Q236240": "Siobh\u00e1n Emma Donaghy (born 14 June 1984) is an English singer-songwriter. She is a founding member of the girl group Sugababes. Donaghy left the Sugababes in 2001 and released her debut solo album, Revolution in Me, on 23 September 2003, which contained three single releases. Her second studio album, Ghosts, was released on 25 June 2007. Donaghy appeared in a remixed version of the hit stage show Rent (titled Rent Remixed) for its 2007\u20132008 run, playing the role of Mimi alongside Denise van Outen.\nOn 20 July 2012, Donaghy and her former Sugababes colleagues, Buena and Buchanan, confirmed their reunion. The original trio were not able to release music under the name \"Sugababes\" as it was still owned by the management company. They instead released music under the new name, Mutya Keisha Siobhan until they secured the legal rights to the Sugababes name again in 2019.\n\n", "Q3130587": "Henri Attal (1936 in Paris \u2013 2003) was a French actor.", "Q270215": "Contact is a 1997 American science fiction drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis. It is a film adaptation of Carl Sagan's 1985 novel of the same name; Sagan and his wife Ann Druyan wrote the story outline for the film. Jodie Foster portrays the film's protagonist, Dr. Eleanor \"Ellie\" Arroway, a SETI scientist who finds strong evidence of extraterrestrial life and is chosen to make first contact. The film also stars Matthew McConaughey, James Woods, Tom Skerritt, William Fichtner, John Hurt, Angela Bassett, Rob Lowe, Jake Busey and David Morse.\nCarl Sagan and Ann Druyan began working on the film in 1979. Together, they wrote a film treatment more than 100 pages long and set up Contact at Warner Bros. with Peter Guber and Lynda Obst as producers. When development stalled on the film, Sagan published Contact as a novel in 1985, and the film adaptation was rejuvenated in 1989. Roland Joff\u00e9 and George Miller had planned to direct it, but Joff\u00e9 dropped out in 1993, and Warner Bros. fired Miller in 1995. Robert Zemeckis was eventually hired to direct, and filming for Contact lasted from September 1996 to February 1997. Sony Pictures Imageworks handled most of the visual effects sequences.\nThe film was released on July 11, 1997. Contact grossed over $171 million worldwide. The film won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation and received multiple awards and nominations at the Saturn Awards.", "Q70243": "Jouxtens-M\u00e9zery is a municipality in the district of Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.\nIt is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.", "Q226053": "F\u00e9lix Luna (September 30, 1925 \u2013 November 5, 2009) was an Argentine writer, lyricist and historian.", "Q69712": "Nikolaus Michael Louis Johann (Hans) von Dallwitz (29 September 1855 in Breslau, Lower Silesia \u2013 2 August 1919 in Bosse) was a politician, who served in Anhalt and Prussia.", "Q980046": "Steven Berlin Johnson (born June 6, 1968) is an American popular science author and media theorist.\n\n", "Q115347": "Lawrence Wendell Pfohl (born June 2, 1958) better known by the ring name Lex Luger, is an American retired professional wrestler, television producer, bodybuilder and football player. In 2011 he began working with WWE on their wellness policy. He is best known for his work with Jim Crockett Promotions, World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE).\nLuger is a two-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion and one-time WWA World Heavyweight Champion. He is also a five-time NWA/WCW United States Heavyweight Champion who holds the records for consecutive days and total days as champion. Although he never won a championship in the WWF, he challenged for every title in the organization (including WWF World Heavyweight Championship matches at SummerSlam in 1993 and WrestleMania X in 1994) and was the 1994 Royal Rumble co-winner with Bret Hart. Pro Wrestling Illustrated readers voted Luger the Most Popular Wrestler of the Year in 1993. Luger is the second WCW Triple Crown Champion.", "Q334325": "Austin Vernon Mitchell (born 19 September 1934) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby from a 1977 by-election to 2015. He is the Chair of the Labour Euro-Safeguards Campaign.", "Q153312": "Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium (commonly known as RFK Stadium, originally District of Columbia Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Washington, D.C. It is located about two miles (3 km) due east of the U.S. Capitol building, near the west bank of the Anacostia River and adjacent to the D.C. Armory. Opened 59 years ago in 1961, it was owned by the federal government until 1986.RFK Stadium has been home to a National Football League (NFL) team, two Major League Baseball (MLB) teams, five professional soccer teams, two college football teams, a bowl game, and a USFL team. It has hosted five NFC Championship games, two MLB All-Star Games, men's and women's World Cup matches, nine men's and women's first-round soccer games of the 1996 Olympics, three MLS Cup matches, two MLS All-Star games, and numerous American friendlies and World Cup qualifying matches. It has hosted college football, college soccer, baseball exhibitions, boxing matches, a cycling race, a Le Mans auto race, marathons, and dozens of major concerts and other events.\nRFK was one of the first major stadiums designed to host both baseball and football. Although other stadiums already served this purpose, such as Cleveland Stadium (1931) and Baltimore's Memorial Stadium (1950), RFK was one of the first to employ what became known as the circular \"cookie-cutter\" design.\nIt is owned and operated by Events DC (the successor agency to the DC Armory Board), a quasi-public organization affiliated with the city government, under a lease that runs until 2038 from the National Park Service, which owns the land.On September 5, 2019, the District announced plans to demolish the stadium due to maintenance costs.", "Q20474": "Dubstep is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in South London in the late 1990s. It is generally characterised by sparse, syncopated rhythmic patterns with prominent sub-bass frequencies. The style emerged as an offshoot of UK garage, drawing on a lineage of related styles such as 2-step and dub reggae, as well as jungle, broken beat, and grime. In the United Kingdom, the origins of the genre can be traced back to the growth of the Jamaican sound system party scene in the early 1980s.The earliest dubstep releases date back to 1998. In 2001, this sound and other strains of garage music began to be showcased and promoted at London's night club Plastic People, at the \"Forward\" night (sometimes stylised as FWD>>), and on the pirate radio station Rinse FM, which went on to be considerably influential to the development of dubstep. The term \"dubstep\" in reference to a genre of music began to be used by around 2002 by labels such as Big Apple, Ammunition, and Tempa, by which time stylistic trends used in these remixes became more noticeable and distinct from 2-step and grime.A very early supporter of the sound was BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel, who started playing it from 2003 onwards. In 2004, the last year of his show, his listeners voted Distance, Digital Mystikz, and Plastician in their top 50 for the year. Dubstep started to enter mainstream British popular culture when it spread beyond small local scenes in late 2005 and early 2006; many websites devoted to the genre appeared on the Internet and aided the growth of the scene, such as dubstepforum, the download site Barefiles and blogs such as gutterbreakz. Simultaneously, the genre was receiving extensive coverage in music magazines such as The Wire and online publications such as Pitchfork, with a regular feature entitled The Month In: Grime/Dubstep. Interest in dubstep grew significantly after BBC Radio 1 DJ Mary Anne Hobbs started championing the genre, beginning with a show devoted to it (entitled \"Dubstep Warz\") in January 2006.Towards the end of the 2000s and into the early 2010s, the genre started to become more commercially successful in the UK, with more singles and remixes entering the music charts. Music journalists and critics also noticed a dubstep influence in several pop artists' work. Around this time, producers also began to fuse elements of the original dubstep sound with other influences, creating fusion genres including future garage and the slower and more experimental post-dubstep. The harsher electro-house and heavy metal-influenced variant brostep, led by American producers such as Skrillex, greatly contributed to dubstep's popularity in the United States.", "Q625975": "Kakao M (Korean: \uce74\uce74\uc624M; formerly Seoul Records, YBM Seoul Records and LOEN Entertainment) is a South Korean entertainment company established by Min Yeong-bin in 1978. It is currently one of the largest co-publisher companies in South Korea. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management, concert production company, and music publishing house.\nAs of 2015, the company was the leading record company in South Korea by net revenue according to the statistics compiled by the Korea Music Content Industry Association (KMCIA) through the Gaon Music Chart (30.4%); it is also the second leading company in terms of album sales (25.4%). LOEN Entertainment became a subsidiary of Kakao in January 2016 and was subsequently renamed two years later.Online music sales account for most of the company's profit, with 93.9% of revenue coming from online music sales. The label also distributes CDs of some other entertainment agencies in South Korea through its branch 1theK, but makes less than 5% of its revenue through them.As of February 2018, the company's chief executive officer is Lee Jae-wook.", "Q927": "Harry Kurt Victor Mulisch (pronunciation [\u02c8\u0266\u0251ri\u02d0 \u02c8m\u028fl\u026a\u0283]; 29 July 1927 \u2013 30 October 2010) was a Dutch writer. He wrote more than eighty novels, plays, essays, poems, and philosophical reflections. Mulisch's works have been translated into over thirty languages.Along with Willem Frederik Hermans and Gerard Reve, Mulisch is considered one of the \"Great Three\" (De Grote Drie) of Dutch postwar literature. His novel The Assault (1982) was adapted into a film that won both a Golden Globe and an Academy Award. Mulisch's work is also popular among the country's public: a 2007 poll of NRC Handelsblad readers voted his novel The Discovery of Heaven (1992) the greatest Dutch book ever written. He was regularly mentioned as a possible future Nobel laureate.", "Q76632": "Theodor Fontane (German: [\u02c8t\u02b0e\u02d0odo\u0250\u032f f\u0254n\u02c8ta\u02d0n\u0259]; 30 December 1819 \u2013 20 September 1898) was a German novelist and poet, regarded by many as the most important 19th-century German-language realist author. He published the first of his novels, for which he is best known today, only at age 58 after a career as a journalist.\nFontane's novels are known for their complex, often sceptical view of society in the German empire; he shows different social and political parts of society meeting and sometimes clashing. Other trademarks of Fontane's work are their strongly drawn female characters (such as Effi Briest and Frau Jenny Treibel), tender irony and vivid conversations between characters.", "Q257872": "Aspazija was the pen name of Elza Johanna Emilija Lizete Pliek\u0161\u0101ne (n\u00e9e Elza Rozenberga; 16 March 1865 \u2013 5 November 1943), a Latvian poet and playwright. Aspazija is the Latvian transliteration of Aspasia.", "Q61428": "Konrad \"Conny\" Plank (3 May 1940 \u2013 5 December 1987) was a West German record producer and musician born in H\u00fctschenhausen. His innovative work as a sound engineer and producer in Germany's krautrock and kosmische music scenes helped to shape postwar European popular music. Plank oversaw recordings such as Cluster's Cluster 71 (1971), Neu!'s self-titled debut (1972), Kraftwerk's Autobahn (1974), and Harmonia's Deluxe (1975). He later produced for new wave acts such as Eurythmics and Ultravox.\nAs a musician, Plank is credited on albums by Guru Guru, Kraan, Cluster, Liliental and Os Mundi. He collaborated with Dieter Moebius on five Moebius & Plank studio albums recorded between 1979 and 1986. The Moebius & Plank sound foreshadowed techno and electronica and influenced many later musicians.", "Q473221": "Mark Lewis \"Roman\" Polansky (born June 2, 1956 in Paterson, New Jersey) is an American aerospace engineer and research pilot and a former NASA astronaut. Polansky received the nickname \"Roman\" as a joke, because he shares a last name with director Roman Polanski. He flew on three Space Shuttle missions: STS-98, STS-116, and STS-127.", "Q115421": "Torsten Oltmanns (born 6 October 1964 in Bremen) is a German manager, consultant and author. He focuses on strategy and stakeholder management as well as digitalisation.", "Q652243": "Patrick George Walden (born 5 October 1978 in Islington, London) is best known as the former guitarist for Babyshambles. Prior to joining Babyshambles, Walden belonged to a variety of London groups, among which were Fluid, the Six Cold Thousand, and The White Sport. He played guitar for The White Sport alongside another future Babyshambles member, drummer Adam Ficek. Walden also worked as a live guitarist and as a session musician, playing bass and guitar for numerous recording artists. Among those acts were Whitey, James Blunt, 500 and Crave, Ed Laliq, and, very briefly, The Honeymoon.", "Q2005601": "Stephen John Harrington (28 May 1959 \u2013 12 February 2015), better known by his stage name Steve Strange, was a Welsh pop singer. From the late 1970s he was a nightclub host and promoter. He became famous as the leader of the New Wave Synth-pop group Visage, best known for their single \"Fade to Grey\", and was one of the most influential figures behind the New Romantic movement of the early 1980s.", "Q70525": "\u00c9cl\u00e9pens is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Morges.", "Q528231": "Goldsmiths, University of London is a public research university in London, England, specialising in the arts, design, humanities, and social sciences. It is a constituent college of the University of London. It was founded in 1891 as Goldsmiths' Technical and Recreative Institute by the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths in New Cross, London. It was acquired by the University of London in 1904 and was renamed Goldsmiths' College. The word College was dropped from its branding in 2006, but Goldsmiths' College, with the apostrophe, remains the institution's formal legal name.Nearly 20% of students come from outside the UK, and 52% of all undergraduates are mature students (aged 21 or over at the start of their studies). Around a third of students at Goldsmiths are postgraduate students.\n\n", "Q231249": "Kate Rooney Mara ( MAIR-\u0259; born February 27, 1983) is an American actress and fashion model. She is known for playing reporter Zoe Barnes in the Netflix political drama House of Cards (2013\u20132014; 2016), computer analyst Shari Rothenberg in the Fox thriller series 24 (2006), and Ben Harmon's vengeful mistress Hayden McClaine in the FX miniseries American Horror Story: Murder House (2011). In 2018 she starred in the first season of FX series, Pose.\nShe made her film debut in Random Hearts (1999). She has since appeared in Brokeback Mountain (2005), We Are Marshall (2006), Shooter (2007), Transsiberian (2008), Stone of Destiny (2008), The Open Road (2009), Transcendence (2014), The Martian (2015), Fantastic Four (2015), Morgan (2016), Megan Leavey (2017), and Chappaquiddick (2018), portraying Mary Jo Kopechne.", "Q28996": "Jinzhou (, simplified Chinese: \u9526\u5dde; traditional Chinese: \u9326\u5dde; pinyin: J\u01d0nzh\u014du), also known as Chinchow, is a coastal prefecture-level city in central-west Liaoning province, People's Republic of China. It is a geographically strategic city located in the \"Liaoxi Corridor\" (\u8fbd\u897f\u8d70\u5eca), which connects most of the land transports between North China and Northeast China, and is the economic center of western Liaoning. Located on the northern shore of Liaodong Bay, Jinzhou encompasses a coastline of 97.7 km (60.7 mi), with the Port of Jinzhou being China's northernmost seaport.\nIt is the fourth-most populous city in Liaoning with a population of 3,126,463 (2010 census), of whom 1,091,799 reside in the built-up area made of 3 urban districts. The total area under the jurisdiction of Jinzhou is 10,111 square kilometres (3,904 sq mi), most of which is rural.", "Q332032": "Alice Cooper (born Vincent Damon Furnier; February 4, 1948) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor whose career spans over 50 years. With his distinctive raspy voice and a stage show that features numerous props, including guillotines, electric chairs, fake blood, reptiles, baby dolls, and dueling swords, Cooper is considered by music journalists and peers alike to be \"The Godfather of Shock Rock\". He has drawn equally from horror films, vaudeville, and garage rock to pioneer a macabre and theatrical brand of rock designed to shock people.Originating in Phoenix, Arizona in 1964, \"Alice Cooper\" was originally a band consisting of Furnier on vocals and harmonica, Glen Buxton on lead guitar, Michael Bruce on rhythm guitar, Dennis Dunaway on bass guitar, and Neal Smith on drums. The original Alice Cooper band released their debut album in 1969, and broke into the international music mainstream with the 1971 hit song \"I'm Eighteen\". The band reached their commercial peak in 1973 with their sixth studio album, Billion Dollar Babies. The band broke up in 1975 and Furnier adopted the band's name as his own name, beginning his solo career with the 1975 concept album Welcome to My Nightmare. \nExpanding from his Detroit rock roots, Cooper has experimented with a number of musical styles, including art rock, hard rock, heavy metal, new wave, glam metal, and industrial rock. He is credited with helping to shape the sound and look of heavy metal, and has been described as the artist who \"first introduced horror imagery to rock and roll, and whose stagecraft and showmanship have permanently transformed the genre\". He is also known for his witty and humorous personality offstage, with The Rolling Stone Album Guide calling him the world's most \"beloved heavy metal entertainer\". Away from music, Cooper is a film actor, a golfing celebrity, a restaurateur, and, since 2004, a popular radio DJ with his classic rock show Nights with Alice Cooper.", "Q804352": "Blaqk Audio is an American electronic music duo, formed by current AFI members Davey Havok and Jade Puget under Interscope Records.\nTheir debut album CexCells was released on August 14, 2007 and reached number eighteen on the Billboard 200. The band's second album Bright Black Heaven was released on September 11, 2012 under Superball Music's imprint Big Death. The first single from Bright Black Heaven, \"Faith Healer\", was released August 14, 2012. Their third album Material was released on April 15, 2016, and became their third consecutive album to debut at number one on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart.", "Q658008": "John Theophilus Desaguliers FRS (12 March 1683 \u2013 29 February 1744) was a British natural philosopher, clergyman, engineer and freemason who was elected to the Royal Society in 1714 as experimental assistant to Isaac Newton. He had studied at Oxford and later popularized Newtonian theories and their practical applications in public lectures. Desaguliers's most important patron was James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos. As a Freemason, Desaguliers was instrumental in the success of the first Grand Lodge in London in the early 1720s and served as its third Grand Master.", "Q1861917": "Rizwan Ahmed (born 1 December 1982), also known as Riz MC, is a British actor, rapper, and activist. As an actor, he has won an Emmy Award and has received nominations for a Golden Globe and three British Independent Film Awards. He was initially known for his work in independent films such as The Road to Guantanamo (2006), Shifty (2008), Four Lions (2010), Trishna (2011), Ill Manors (2012), and The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2013), as well as television series such as Britz (2007) and Dead Set (2008), before his breakout role in the film Nightcrawler (2014).\nIn 2016, he appeared in the action film Jason Bourne, and played Bodhi Rook in the Star Wars Anthology film Rogue One. He also starred as a young man accused of murder in the HBO miniseries The Night Of, earning critical acclaim. At the 2017 Emmy Awards, he received two nominations, for his performance in The Night Of and his guest role in Girls; he won the award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie for the former, becoming the first Asian male to win an acting Emmy, and the first Muslim and first Asian to win a lead acting Emmy. He went on to play Carlton Drake / Riot in the superhero film Venom (2018).\nAs a rapper, he is a member of the Swet Shop Boys, earned critical acclaim with the hip hop albums Microscope and Cashmere, and earned commercial success featuring in the Billboard 200 chart topping Hamilton Mixtape, with his song \"Immigrants (We Get the Job Done)\" winning an MTV Video Music Award. As an activist, he is known for his political rap music, has been involved in raising awareness and funds for Rohingya and Syrian refugee children, and has advocated representation at the House of Commons. In 2017, he was included on the front cover of the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world.", "Q55955": "Carl Albert Lindhagen (17 December 1860 \u2013 11 March 1946) was a Swedish lawyer, socialist politician, and pacifist. \nCarl Lindhagen was the Chief Magistrate (borgm\u00e4stare) of Stockholm 1903 \u2013 1930 (i.e. a legal position, not mayor).", "Q1756546": "The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (Arabic: \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f\u200e, Mamlakat al-\u1e24ij\u0101z wa-Najd), initially the Kingdom of Hejaz and Sultanate of Nejd (\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062f, Mamlakat al-\u1e24ij\u0101z wa-Sal\u1e6danat Najd), was a dual monarchy ruled by Ibn Saud following the victory of the Saudi Sultanate of Nejd over the Hashemite Kingdom of the Hejaz in 1925. It was the third iteration of the Saudi state.\nIn 1932 the two kingdoms were unified as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.", "Q1294396": "Edwin Thomas Astley (12 April 1922 - 19 May 1998) was a British composer. His best known works are British television themes and scores, most notably the theme to The Saint, and Danger Man. He also successfully diversified into symphonic pop and an arrangement of his Saint theme reached number three in the UK Singles Chart when it was re recorded by Orbital.", "Q3893320": "Millikin University is a private university in Decatur, Illinois. It was founded in 1901 by prominent Decatur businessman James Millikin and is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA).", "Q116128": "Ursula Meier (born 24 June 1971) is a French-Swiss film director and screenwriter who received the Best Director award at the 2008 Festival du Film Francophone d'Angoul\u00eame [Angoul\u00eame French-language Film Festival] for her first theatrical feature, Home, which won the 2009 Swiss Film Prize for Bester Spielfilm (Best Film) as well as Bestes Drehbuch (Best Screenplay) (shared with Antoine Jaccoud). The film also received a C\u00e9sar nomination for Best First Film and a Best Film nomination at Argentina's Mar del Plata Film Festival.", "Q376670": "Brett Chukerman (born August 1, 1981 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American actor and television host.\nChukerman first appeared on screen in the acclaimed short film Crush. He played leading roles in the films Eating Out 2: Sloppy Seconds, The Curiosity of Chance and Evil Bong II: King Bong. His television credits include MTV's Undressed, Power Rangers, So NoTORIous and Greek.\nIn 2010, Chukerman was the official host for Oscar.com\u2019s live red carpet coverage of the Academy Awards. He started his hosting career, traveling all over the United States for The Auction Network. In addition, he co-hosted Dog & Pony for CNet (a division of CBS), presented an instructional series for Comcast and is an entertainment correspondent for the Japanese network Super Drama. Chukerman has extensive live experience as both a presenter for Beverly Hills TV \u2013 a live broadcast on the U.K. Sky Satellite Network seen in over 8 million homes \u2013 and as the host of the Battlestar Galactica Auction for The Auction Network and NBC/Universal. From 2013 to 2019, he was a show host for HSN (Home Shopping Network).", "Q109008": "Wolfgang F\u00fcrni\u00df, also spelt Fuerniss (July 8, 1944 \u2013 April 21, 2017), was a politician from the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).\n\n", "Q2902710": "Yvonne Madelaine Brill (n\u00e9e Claeys; December 30, 1924 \u2013 March 27, 2013) was a Canadian-American rocket and jet propulsion engineer. She is responsible for inventing the fuel efficient rocket thruster that keeps satellites in orbit today. During her career she was involved in a broad range of national space programs in the United States, including NASA and the International Maritime Satellite Organization.", "Q823935": "Ludwig Christian Alexander Karl Martens (or Ludwig Karlovich Martens; Russian: \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441; 1 January [O.S. 20 December] 1875 \u2212 19 October 1948) was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician and engineer.", "Q45575": "Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie (September 9, 1941 \u2013 c. October 12, 2011) was an American computer scientist. He created the C programming language and, with long-time colleague Ken Thompson, the Unix operating system and B programming language. Ritchie and Thompson were awarded the Turing Award from the ACM in 1983, the Hamming Medal from the IEEE in 1990 and the National Medal of Technology from President Bill Clinton in 1999. Ritchie was the head of Lucent Technologies System Software Research Department when he retired in 2007. He was the \"R\" in K&R C, and commonly known by his username dmr.\n\n", "Q213765": "Ignaz Aurelius Fessler, aka Fe\u00dfler (Hungarian: Fessler Ign\u00e1c Aur\u00e9l; May 18, 1756 \u2013 December 15, 1839) was a Hungarian ecclesiastic, politician, historian and freemason.", "Q255730": "Marla Lynne Sokoloff (born December 19, 1980) is an American actress. She is known for playing Lucy Hatcher on the legal drama television series The Practice, Claire on comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives and Gia Mahan on ABC's sitcom Full House and Fuller House. She has also appeared in films True Crime (1996), Dude, Where's My Car? (2000), Sugar & Spice (2001) and Love on the Side (2004).", "Q55766": "Zygmunt K\u0119stowicz (24 January 1921 \u2013 14 March 2007) was a Polish actor. He appeared in more than 25 films and television shows between 1954 and 1997.", "Q661662": "Matthew \"McCall\" Freeman (born Roger Matthew Freeman; April 23, 1966) is an American musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known for his bass guitar work with the punk rock bands Operation Ivy, Rancid and as the frontman of Devil's Brigade.", "Q705482": "David ben Saul Frischmann (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05b8\u05bc\u05d5\u05b4\u05d3 \u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u05df \u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05d0\u05d5\u05bc\u05dc \u05e4\u05b0\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05de\u05b7\u05df, 31 December 1859 \u2013 4 August 1922) was a Hebrew and Yiddish modernist writer, poet, and translator. He edited several important Hebrew periodicals, and wrote fiction, poetry, essays, feuilletons, literary criticisms, and translations.\n\n", "Q169717": "Kim Jae-joong (Korean: \uae40\uc7ac\uc911; Hanja: \u91d1\u5728\u4e2d; born January 26, 1986), also known mononymously as Jaejoong, is a South Korean singer, songwriter, actor and director. He is best known as a member of the Korean pop group JYJ, and was one of the original members of boy band TVXQ. Kim was also known by the stage names Hero Jaejoong (in South Korea), Jejung (\u30b8\u30a7\u30b8\u30e5\u30f3) (in Japan), and \u82f1\u96c4\u5728\u4e2d (\uc601\uc6c5\uc7ac\uc911) (in China).\nBorn in Gongju, Chungcheongnam-do as Han Jae-joon (\ud55c\uc7ac\uc900; \u97e9\u5728\u4fca) , he was adopted into the Kim family at a young age. As a teenager, he moved to Seoul to audition for SM Entertainment. From 2003 to 2010, he was the lead vocalist of South Korean boy band TVXQ. Later, he sued SM Entertainment along with Park Yoo-chun and Kim Jun-su and together they separated from TVXQ to form JYJ. As a solo artist, he has released two Korean studio albums, WWW and No.X, both reaching number one on the Gaon Music Chart. In Japan, his two studio albums Flawless Love and Love Covers both peaked at number one on the Oricon Albums Chart. He has tour extensively in South Korea and Japan.\nKim has branched out to act in TV dramas including Sunao ni Narenakute, Protect the Boss, Dr. Jin, Triangle, SPY and most recently Manhole; and in films such as Heaven's Postman and Jackal is Coming. He was also the Executive Director for JYJ's 2011 Worldwide Tour and the 2011 LG Whisen Rhythmic All Stars.", "Q48051": "Viktor Georgiyevich Kulikov (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432; 5 July 1921 \u2013 28 May 2013) was the Warsaw Pact commander-in-chief from 1977 to 1989. He was awarded the rank of the Marshal of the Soviet Union on 14 January 1977.\nKulikov was born into a peasant family and joined the Red Army in 1940. He saw service in World War II and was made a Hero of the Soviet Union. \nKulikov commanded the Kiev Military District in 1967\u20131969 and the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany in 1969\u20131971. From 1971 until 1977, he served as the Chief of General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces. In 1983, he was awarded a Lenin Prize. Kulikov was a member of the Soviet/Russian parliament 1989\u20132003. He was awarded the highest Cuban award, the Order of Playa Gir\u00f3n in 2006.Kulikov died after an extended illness in 2013.", "Q105801": "Stargate is a 1994 science fiction adventure film released through Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) and Carolco Pictures. Written by Dean Devlin and Roland Emmerich, the film is the first release in the Stargate franchise. Directed by Emmerich, the film stars Kurt Russell, James Spader, Jaye Davidson, Alexis Cruz, Mili Avital, and Viveca Lindfors. The plot centers on the premise of a \"Stargate\", an ancient ring-shaped device that creates a wormhole enabling travel to a similar device elsewhere in the universe. The film's central plot explores the theory of extraterrestrial beings having an influence upon human civilization.\nThe film had a mixed initial critical reception, earning both praise and criticism for its atmosphere, story, characters, and graphic content. Nevertheless, Stargate became a commercial success worldwide.", "Q124617": "Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0416\u0443\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432; 1 December 1896 \u2013 18 June 1974) was a Soviet general and Marshal of the Soviet Union. He also served as Chief of the General Staff, Minister of Defence, and was a member of the Presidium of the Communist Party (later Politburo). During the Second World War, Zhukov oversaw some of the Red Army's most decisive victories.\nBorn to a poor peasant family from central Russia, Zhukov was conscripted into the Imperial Russian Army and fought in the First World War. He then served in the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. Gradually rising through the ranks, by 1939 Zhukov was given command of an army group and won a decisive battle over Japanese forces at Khalkhin Gol, for which he won the first of his four Hero of the Soviet Union awards. In February 1941, Zhukov became chief of the Red Army's General Staff.\nFollowing the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Zhukov lost his position of chief of the general staff. Subsequently, he organized the defense of Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad. He was further involved in the planning of several major offensives, including the Battle of Kursk and Operation Bagration. In 1945, Zhukov commanded the 1st Belorussian Front and took part in the Vistula\u2013Oder Offensive and the Battle of Berlin, which resulted in the defeat of Nazi Germany, and the end of the war in Europe. In recognition of Zhukov's role in the war, he was chosen to personally accept the German Instrument of Surrender.\nAfter the war, Zhukov's success and popularity caused Joseph Stalin to see him as a potential threat; he was subsequently stripped of his positions and relegated to military commands of little strategic significance. After Stalin's death in 1953, Zhukov returned to favour and supported Nikita Khrushchev's bid for Soviet leadership. In 1955, he was appointed Defence Minister and made a member of the Presidium. In 1957 Zhukov lost favour again and was forced to retire. He never returned to a position of influence and died in 1974.", "Q828653": "Bertrando Spaventa (26 June 1817 \u2013 20 September 1883) was a leading Italian philosopher of the 19th century whose ideas had an important influence on the changes that took place during the unification of Italy and on philosophical thought in the 20th century.\n\n", "Q499613": "Edward William Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, (born 2 December 1956), styled Earl of Arundel between 1975 and 2002, is a British peer who holds the office of Earl Marshal. As Duke of Norfolk, he is the most senior lay peer in the peerage of England.", "Q11124": "Stephen Gerald Breyer (; born August 15, 1938) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A lawyer by occupation, he became a professor and jurist before President Bill Clinton appointed him to the Supreme Court in 1994; Breyer is generally associated with its more liberal side.After a clerkship with Supreme Court Associate Justice Arthur Goldberg in 1964, Breyer became well known as a law professor and lecturer at Harvard Law School, starting in 1967. There he specialized in administrative law, writing a number of influential textbooks that remain in use today. He held other prominent positions before being nominated for the Supreme Court, including special assistant to the United States Assistant Attorney General for Antitrust and assistant special prosecutor on the Watergate Special Prosecution Force in 1973. He also served on the First Circuit Court of Appeals from 1980 to 1994.\nIn his 2005 book Active Liberty, Breyer made his first attempt to systematically lay out his views on legal theory, arguing that the judiciary should seek to resolve issues in a manner that encourages popular participation in governmental decisions.", "Q71808": "Udo Gustav Wilhelm Egon von Woyrsch (24 July 1895 \u2013 14 January 1983) was a high-ranking SS official in Nazi Germany who was responsible for implementing the regime's racial policies during World War II.", "Q125509": "Charles Quigley (February 12, 1906 \u2013 August 5, 1964), was an American actor.\n\n", "Q5704": "North Ostrobothnia (Finnish: Pohjois-Pohjanmaa; Swedish: Norra \u00d6sterbotten) is a region of Finland. It borders the Finnish regions of Lapland, Kainuu, North Savo, Central Finland and Central Ostrobothnia, as well as the Russian Republic of Karelia.", "Q85037": "Karl K\u00f6nig (25 September 1902 \u2013 27 March 1966) was an Austrian paediatrician who founded the Camphill Movement, an international movement of therapeutic intentional communities for those with special needs or disabilities.", "Q2416307": "Outsider music (from \"outsider art\") is music created by self-taught or na\u00efve musicians. The term is usually applied to musicians from outside the music establishment who exhibit childlike qualities, and especially those who suffer from intellectual disabilities or mental illnesses. The term was popularized in the 1990s by journalist and WFMU DJ Irwin Chusid.Outsider musicians often overlap with lo-fi artists, since their work is rarely captured in professional recording studios. Examples include Daniel Johnston, Wesley Willis, and Jandek, who each became the subjects of documentary films in the 2000s.", "Q1555008": "John Paul Cerminaro, Jr. (born April 7, 1947) is an American horn player who is best known for his principal tenures with two notable American orchestras, the New York Philharmonic and the Los Angeles Philharmonic. He was later principal horn of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra.\n\n", "Q506127": "The Rocket Summer is the solo-project of Bryce Avary who is based in Dallas\u2013Fort Worth, Texas. Avary is a multi-instrumentalist, singer-songwriter, and producer. He writes and produces every song on his records, and plays every instrument on them.\nHe has released six studio albums and several EPs. His fifth release in 2012, Life Will Write the Words, was 58 on The Billboard 200 and 12 on Billboard Top Modern Rock/Alternative Albums as well as 12 on Top Independent Albums. His fourth release, Of Men and Angels, held the No. 1 Top Album spot on iTunes upon its release in 2010. AP Magazine called him one of \"100 bands you need to know.\"", "Q2822359": "The Academie de Physique was established in Caen, Normandy, France, in 1662. It was the first provincial academy of sciences to be granted a royal charter, and one of the first academies in France to promote both empiricism and scholarly cooperation as the basis for its programs. The academy was in existence from 1662\u20131672.", "Q60905": "Kurt Gerron (11 May 1897 \u2013 28 October 1944) was a German Jewish actor and film director.", "Q207076": "Zizi Jeanmaire (born Ren\u00e9e Marcelle Jeanmaire 29 April 1924) is a French ballet dancer and the widow of renowned dancer and choreographer Roland Petit. She became famous in the 1950s after playing the title role in the ballet Carmen, produced in London in 1949, and went on to appear in several Hollywood films.", "Q1052584": "The Rally for the Republic (French: Rassemblement pour la R\u00e9publique French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0281a.s\u0251\u0303.bl\u0259.m\u0251\u0303.pu\u0281.la.\u0281e.py\u02c8blik]; RPR French pronunciation: \u200b[\u025br.pe\u02c8\u025br]), was a Gaullist and conservative political party in France. Originating from the Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), it was founded by Jacques Chirac in 1976 and presented itself as the heir of Gaullist politics. On 21 September 2002, the RPR was merged into the Union for the Presidential Majority, later renamed the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).", "Q1586536": "Harry Frederick Oppenheimer (28 October 1908 \u2013 19 August 2000) was a prominent South African businessman, industrialist and philanthropist. Oppenheimer was often ranked as one of the wealthiest people in the world. In 2004 he was voted 60th in the SABC3's Great South Africans.\n\n", "Q172337": "Luigi Emilio Rodolfo Bertetti Bianco, better known as Gino Bianco (July 22, 1916 \u2013 May 8, 1984) was a racing driver from Brazil. Born in Milan, Italy, he emigrated to Brazil as a child and started racing there. He raced a Maserati A6GCM for the Escuderia Bandeirantes team and took part in four Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, with a best result of 18th at the 1952 British Grand Prix. Bianco later raced in hillclimbs and died in Rio de Janeiro, aged 67, after suffering from breathing problems.\n\n", "Q246994": "Maurice Hennequin (10 December 1863 \u2013 3 September 1926) was a French-naturalized Belgian playwright.", "Q425932": "Ra\u00fal Gonz\u00e1lez Tu\u00f1\u00f3n (29 March 1905 \u2013 14 August 1974) was an Argentine poet and writer from Buenos Aires. He also worked as a journalist, notably for the journal Cr\u00edtica, and was known for his social activism and his socialist beliefs. He was a great friend of the Chilean poet and Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda. His first book of poetry, El viol\u00edn del diablo, was published by the well-known Buenos Aires publishing house Editorial Gleizer in 1926, and Gleizer then published many of his later works.", "Q714": "Stevland Hardaway Morris (n\u00e9 Judkins; born May 13, 1950), known professionally as Stevie Wonder, is an American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer. A prominent figure in popular music, he is one of the most successful songwriters and musicians in the history of music. Through his heavy use of electronic instruments and innovative sounds, Wonder became a pioneer and influence to musicians of various genres including pop, rhythm and blues, soul, funk and rock.Blind since shortly after his birth, Wonder was a child prodigy known as Little Stevie Wonder, leading him to sign with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11. In 1963, the single \"Fingertips\" was a number-one hit on the Billboard Hot 100 when Wonder was aged 13, making him the youngest artist ever to top the chart. Wonder's critical success was at its peak in the 1970s when he started his \"classic period\" in 1972 with the releases of Music of My Mind and Talking Book, with the latter featuring the number-one hit \"Superstition\". \"Superstition\" is one of the most distinctive and famous examples of the sound of the Hohner Clavinet keyboard. With Innervisions (1973), Fulfillingness' First Finale (1974) and Songs in the Key of Life (1976) all winning the Grammy Award for Album of the Year, Wonder became the tied record holder, with Frank Sinatra, for the most Album of the Year wins with three. Wonder is also the only artist to have won the award with three consecutive album releases.Wonder's \"classic period\", which is widely considered to have ended in 1977, was noted for his funky keyboard style, personal control of production, and series of songs integrated with one another to make a concept album. In 1979, Wonder made use of the early music sampler Computer Music Melodian through his composition of the soundtrack album Stevie Wonder's Journey Through \"The Secret Life of Plants\". It was also his first digital recording, and one of the earliest popular albums to use the technology, which Wonder used for all subsequent recordings. Wonder's 1970s albums are regarded as very influential; the Rolling Stone Record Guide (1983) wrote they \"pioneered stylistic approaches that helped to determine the shape of pop music for the next decade\".Wonder has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. He has won 25 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time. He was the first Motown artist and second African-American musician to win an Academy Award for Best Original Song, for the 1984 film The Woman in Red. Wonder has been inducted into the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame, Rock and Rock Hall of Fame and Songwriters Hall of Fame, and has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Wonder is also noted for his work as an activist for political causes, including his 1980 campaign to make Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday a holiday in the United States. In 2009, he was named a United Nations Messenger of Peace.", "Q2301434": "Radioactive Records was an American record label. It was formed as a joint venture between talent manager Gary Kurfirst (who managed such acts as the Ramones, Big Audio Dynamite, Deee-Lite and Deborah Harry) and MCA Records, and it is now out of business. Its catalogue is now owned by Geffen Records and licensed through Universal Music Enterprises. \nActs on the label had included: Live, Black Grape, Jane's Addiction, the Ramones, Big Audio Dynamite, Talking Heads, Eurythmics, Traci Lords, and Angelfish (Shirley Manson\u2014Manson joined Garbage courtesy of Gary Kurfirst). The band Pray TV from Melbourne, Australia, and British group Cooler Than Jesus (featuring Simon White who later played in Brit-pop band Menswear) were also signed by the label in the early 1990s.Radioactive released the original soundtrack album for the nineteenth James Bond film The World Is Not Enough, as well as the title track \"The World Is Not Enough\", which was a massive hit single throughout Europe. \nIn 1997, Kurfirst formed a related label, Radiouniverse, as a joint venture with Universal Music Group's Universal Records. It debuted with albums from Radio Iodine and Dig, bands that were formerly signed to Radioactive. Other acts signed to the label included The Devlins and Tyzle Fly.The Ramones catalogue, which was distributed by EMI's Chrysalis Records around the world except US and Canada, is owned by Parlophone (division of Warner Music Group) except US and Canada, which is owned by Geffen and UMe.", "Q955684": "Wesley Eric Weston Jr. (born March 3, 1981), better known by his stage name Lil' Flip, is an American rapper. He embarked on his musical career as a freestyle and battle rapper before earning a record deal with Suckafree Records in 1999. Lil' Flip is best known for his singles \"The Way We Ball\", \"Game Over\" and \"Sunshine\".", "Q4888994": "Benjamin \"Ben\" M. Rosen (born March 11, 1933) is the former Chairman and former Acting Chief Executive Officer of Compaq and co-founder of Sevin Rosen Funds.", "Q298030": "Dav\u00ed\u00f0 Oddsson (pronounced [\u02c8ta\u02d0vi\u00f0 \u02c8\u0254t\u02d0s\u0254n]; born 17 January 1948) is an Icelandic politician, and the longest-serving Prime Minister of Iceland, in office from 1991 to 2004. From 2004 to 2005 he served as Foreign Minister. Previously, he was Mayor of Reykjav\u00edk from 1982 to 1991, and he chaired the board of governors of the Central Bank of Iceland from 2005 to 2009. The collapse of Iceland's banking system led to vocal demands for his resignation, both from members of the Icelandic public and from the new Icelandic Prime Minister J\u00f3hanna Sigur\u00f0ard\u00f3ttir, which resulted in his being replaced as head of the Central Bank in March 2009. In September 2009 he was hired as the editor of Morgunbla\u00f0i\u00f0, one of Iceland's largest newspapers, a decision that caused nationwide controversy and was followed by resignations and widespread terminated subscriptions. He contested the election for President of Iceland on 25 June 2016 but lost to Gu\u00f0ni J\u00f3hannesson.", "Q1173238": "Robert David Hole (born 30 March 1948, Heswall, Cheshire, United Kingdom) is an Australian slide guitarist known for his style of playing rock and roll and blues music. \nIn 1990 he issued Short Fuse Blues which brought him to the attention of United States label, Alligator Records. Two of his albums have appeared on Billboard Top Blues Albums, Steel on Steel (1995) peaked at No. 13 and Ticket to Chicago (1997) reached No. 15. His sixth album, Under the Spell, appeared in April 1999 and won \"Best Blues & Roots Album\" at the ARIA Music Awards of that year. \nHole is noted for his unusual performance style, which alternates traditionally plucked notes and chords with the slide notes played by his hand draped over the guitar's neck. According to Australian rock music historian Ian McFarlane, Hole \"is the most acclaimed blues guitarist Australia has ever produced ... courtesy of his unorthodox slide guitar style, his rousing live shows and a series of hard-rocking, roadhouse blues albums ... yet it took two decades of slogging around the Australian touring circuit before the local industry sat up and took notice\".", "Q130104": "Sigfrid Gauch (born 9 March 1945) is a German writer. He lives in Mainz.\nGauch is the son of Hermann Gauch, a Nazi official and member of the SS. He was born in Offenbach-Hundheim in the last few weeks of the Second World War. His parents separated when he was a young boy. He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg and Mainz.\nHe worked as a school teacher, teaching German, philosophy and ethics at the Integrierte Gesamtschule in Mainz. He was awarded a doctorate from the University of Mainz in 1985 for a dissertation on \"Overt and covert spellings in literary Jacobinism\". It was later published as Friedrich Joseph Emerich \u2013 ein deutscher Jakobiner. Studien zu Leben und Werk.\nIn the 1970s Gauch published essays and poetry. He made his name with his book Vaterspuren (Traces of My Father) in 1979, an influential memoir that began what later became a genre of literature about children of Nazi parents attempting to come to terms with their family's past. He later published Fundsachen. Die Quellen zum Roman Vaterspuren, a collection of primary source material related to the book. His novels Winterhafen (2010) and Schattenbilder (2012) explore the same issues through fiction.In addition to his novels, short stories and poetry collections Gauch has co-edited numerous anthologies, especially with regard to literature from Rhineland-Palatinate, including, from 1994, the Rheinland-pf\u00e4lzisches Jahrbuch f\u00fcr Literatur (Rhineland-Palatinate Yearbook of literature) published by Brandes & Apsel. Since 2002 this has come out under the title Jahrbuch f\u00fcr Literatur (Yearbook for Literature). Since 2004 he has edited the Edition Schrittmacher series of books, of which 30 volumes have been published.", "Q98066": "Christel Augenstein (born 15 July 1949 in Erfurt, Germany) is a member of the Free Democratic Party. From 2001 until 23 July 2009 she was the mayor of Pforzheim, Germany, making her the city's first woman mayor. When the city of Pforzheim had already been in a bad financial position she took over the mayor's office from Joachim Becker (SPD) and tried her best to maneuver out. Becker was the ruling mayor of Pforzheim from 1985 until 2000.\nThe current major is Peter Boch of the Christian Demokratic Union of Germany.", "Q456704": "Frank Alvord Perret (1867 in Philadelphia \u2013 January 12, 1943 in New York City) was an American entrepreneur, inventor, and volcanologist, which drew attention particularly with his research on the Vesuvius, the Kilauea and the Mount Pel\u00e9e to itself.\nHe studied physics at Polytechnic Institute of New York University and then received an appointment in the laboratories of Thomas Edison in the Lower East Side, where he worked on the development of engines and participated in the development of dynamos. In 1886, he founded the Elektron Manufacturing Company, together with John A. Barrett, a small company that designed and produced electronic devices. His partner left the project but again very quickly in order to pursue the development of its patented battery. Frank A. Perret became involved in the development of the theory of EMF (s:.Counter-electromotive force, CEMF). He drew the necessary energy from motors DC and invented the electric motor-Perret. In 1889, Perret committed Elihu H. Cutler who should care for the expansion of the company and soon exceeded the demand, production capacity, leading to a new factory in Springfield in Massachusetts. By 1900, Perret went to Italy to improve his health where he met the director of government laboratories in the volcanological observatory on Mount Vesuvius, RV Matteucci. It is going assume that this man introduced him in the volcanology and he began to be interested in this.\nThe elevator production system was acquired in 1906 by the Otis Elevator Company. Due to ongoing health problems, he left his company in 1904.\nIn 1906, he also observed together with Matteucci an eruption of the Vesuvius, to whose study he devoted himself until 1921. In a 1950 obituary published Mildred Giblin attested Perret that his monograph on the Vesuvius was \"the clearest and most comprehensive report ever on a volcanic eruption and its aftermath published\". By the end of the first decade of the 20th century Perret also toured the Kilauea, the Stromboli, the Etna, the Mount Teide and the Sakurajima. In 1909 he decided that the geophysicists Thomas A. Jagar from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Reginald A. Daly of the Harvard University established a permanent monitoring station at Kilauea. This plan was implemented in 1911 on the edge of the crater Halema\u02bbuma\u02bbu. The station was the forerunner of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory built in the following year January 1912 and Perret began his research at Kilauea. When Mount Pel\u00e9e on the French Caribbean island of Martinique became active again, years after the devastating outbreak 1929-27 with an estimated 40,000 dead, Perret was one of the first scientists on site. In the three years of volcanic activity until 1932 he conducted numerous investigations and in 1931 he built on the Morne Lenard above the valley of the Riviere Blanche a small observation hut as the first permanent station on the mountain. Perret stayed more or less continuously a total of about ten years on the island. Today, the Mus\u00e9e Frank A. Perret volcanological museum bears his name to honor him.\n1940 Frank A. Perret went back to the United States and wrote several books which he mostly could not publish, but write for the most part. He died at the age of 76.\n\nThe scientific contributions of Mr. Perret there are unique in that no other volcanologist the time and it was possible for such a large and varied observations on so many types of active volcanoes perform. He was a daring and astute researcher, tireless in their quest for information. He was a skilled and demanding photographer and his publications are generously illustrated with excellent, scenic shots.", "Q287110": "Lyubov Grigoryevna Polishchuk (Russian: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044c \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0443\u0301\u043a; 21 May 1949 \u2013 28 November 2006) was a popular Russian actress. She was born in the Siberian city of Omsk. After school she decided to become an actress and moved to Moscow. She made her debut in cinema in 1976 in the popular comedy film The Twelve Chairs in 1977, which was directed by Mark Zakharov. Lyubov Polishchuk died of bone cancer in Moscow in 2006, aged 57. She was buried at the Troyekurovskoye Cemetery.", "Q262822": "Sandrine Kiberlain (born Sandrine Kiberlajn; 25 February 1968) is a French actress and singer. Her most notable roles were in the films The Patriots (1994), A Self Made Hero (1996), For Sale (1998), Alias Betty (2001), Mademoiselle Chambon (2009), 9 Month Stretch (2013), and Number One Fan (2014). Kiberlain has appeared in over sixty films and won two C\u00e9sar Awards from eight nominations.", "Q73979": "Werner von Melle (18 October 1853 \u2013 18 February 1937) was a mayor and senator of Hamburg, as well as a jurist. Melle, who held multiple doctorates, also served on the first board of trustees for the Hamburg Scientific Foundation.", "Q544472": "Maimu Berg (born August 27, 1945 in Tallinn) is an Estonian writer, critic, translator, and journalist. She was a member of the Riigikogu, elected in 2011.\nBerg graduated from secondary school in Tallinn in 1968, and took her degree in Estonian language and literature from the University of Tartu. She worked in the university library from 1969 to 1974, and edited the magazine Siluett from 1974 to 1990. She also worked as a journalist for various publications. She was a member of the People's Union of Estonia from 2002 to 2006, whereupon she became a member of the Social Democratic Party. She served on the Tallinn City Council from 2007 to 2009. She was nominated to stand for Parliament in 2003 and 2007, and for the European Parliament in 2004. Berg was married for a time to the writer Vaino Vahing, by whom she had a daughter, the judge Julia Laffranque.\nShe has written novels and short stories.", "Q1204": "Illinois ( (listen) IL-\u0259-NOY) is a state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes Regions of the United States. It has the fifth largest gross domestic product (GDP),\nthe sixth largest population, and the 25th largest land area of all U.S. states. Illinois has been noted as a microcosm of the entire United States. With Chicago in northeastern Illinois, small industrial cities and immense agricultural productivity in the north and center of the state, and natural resources such as coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a diverse economic base, and is a major transportation hub. Chicagoland, Chicago's metropolitan area, encompasses over 65% of the state's population. The Port of Chicago connects the state to international ports via two main routes: from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois Waterway to the Illinois River. The Mississippi River, the Ohio River, and the Wabash River form parts of the boundaries of Illinois. For decades, Chicago's O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world's busiest airports. Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and, through the 1980s, in politics.\nThe capital of Illinois is Springfield, which is located in the central part of the state. Although today Illinois's largest population center is in its northeast, the state's European population grew first in the west as the French settled lands near the Mississippi River, when the region was known as Illinois Country and was part of New France. Following the American Revolutionary War, American settlers began arriving from Kentucky in the 1780s via the Ohio River, and the population grew from south to north. In 1818, Illinois achieved statehood. Following increased commercial activity in the Great Lakes after the construction of the Erie Canal, Chicago was incorporated in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River at one of the few natural harbors on the southern section of Lake Michigan. John Deere's invention of the self-scouring steel plow turned Illinois's rich prairie into some of the world's most productive and valuable farmland, attracting immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden. The Illinois and Michigan Canal (1848) made transportation between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River valley faster and cheaper, and new railroads carried immigrants to new homes in the country's west and shipped commodity crops to the nation's east. The state became a transportation hub for the nation.By 1900, the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars. The Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in the state, including Chicago, who founded the city's famous jazz and blues cultures. Chicago, the center of the Chicago Metropolitan Area, is now recognized as a global alpha-level city. The most populous metropolitan areas outside the Chicago area include, Metro East (of Greater St. Louis), Peoria and Rockford.\nThree U.S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois: Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Barack Obama. Additionally, Ronald Reagan, whose political career was based in California, was born and raised in the state. Today, Illinois honors Lincoln with its official state slogan Land of Lincoln, which has been displayed on its license plates since 1954. The state is the site of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum in Springfield and the future home of the Barack Obama Presidential Center in Chicago.", "Q45213": "Anton Karas (7 July 1906 \u2013 10 January 1985) was an Austrian zither player and composer, best known for his internationally famous 1948 soundtrack to Carol Reed's The Third Man, which came about as a result of a chance meeting.", "Q139646": "Zachary Scott (February 21, 1914 \u2013 October 3, 1965) was an American actor who was most notable for his roles as villains and \"mystery men\".", "Q1624891": "Holly Near (born June 6, 1949 in Ukiah, California) is an American singer-songwriter, actress, teacher, and activist.\n\n", "Q679987": "Archibald Marshall Bell (born September 28, 1942) is an American actor. He has appeared in many character roles in movies and television. He is known for roles in A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge (1985), Stand by Me (1986), Twins (1988) and Total Recall (1990).", "Q3027776": "The Liberal Party (Partido Liberal) of Chile was a Chilean political party created by a faction of pipiolos in 1849. After the conservative victory in the Chilean Civil War of 1829 the liberals became the principal opposition party to the Conservative Party. During the Liberal Party's early history one of its main goal was to create a new constitution to replace the Chilean Constitution of 1833. Rigged election helped to prevent the Liberal Party's presidential candidates to be elected until 1861, during that time elements of the liberal party made attempts to overthrow the government, these were the Revolution of 1851 and the Revolution of 1859. These failed insurrections led many liberals to emigrate, among them Benjam\u00edn Vicu\u00f1a Mackenna. In 1863 a group of liberal split off to form the Radical Party which would hold power from 1938 to 1952. Originally an anticlericalist party that championed classical liberalism, the liberals later became a right-wing party.\nIn 1966 the Liberal Party joined with their old antagonists, the United Conservative Party, to form the National Party.", "Q169065": "Zden\u011bk Sv\u011br\u00e1k (born 28 March 1936) is a Czech actor, humorist and scriptwriter, and one of the most well-known and popular Czech cultural personalities. Since 1968 he has apppeared in 32 films.\n\n", "Q4896566": "Manuel Bermejo Hern\u00e1ndez (26 March 1936 \u2013 22 September 2009) was a Spanish businessman and politician from the Union of the Democratic Centre. He served as member of the first Congress of Deputies representing C\u00e1ceres.\n\n", "Q97341": "Bill Ramsey (William McCreery Ramsey, born April 17, 1931 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a German-American jazz and pop singer, journalist and actor famous for his German-language hits.", "Q193877": "Ivry-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: \u200b[i.v\u0281i.sy\u0281.s\u025bn]) is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 5.3 km (3.3 mi) from the center of Paris.\nParis's main Asian district, the Quartier Asiatique in the 13th arrondissement, borders the commune and now extends into the northern parts of Ivry. Asian commercial activity, especially Chinese and Vietnamese, has greatly increased in Ivry-sur-Seine during the past two decades. The commune contains one of the highest concentrations of Vietnamese in France, who began settling in the city in the late 1970s after the Vietnam War.Politically, Ivry-sur-Seine has historically demonstrated strong electoral support for the French Communist Party (PCF). Between 1925 and 2015 (except for the period of German occupation in World War II) the office of mayor was held by just three individuals: Georges Marrane, Jacques Lalo\u00eb, and Pierre Gosnat, all members of the Communist Party.\nIvry-sur-Seine is twinned with Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England.", "Q214778": "Johannes Molzahn (Duisburg, 21 May 1892\u2013Munich, 31 December 1965) was a German artist.", "Q982876": "Lewis Nkosi (5 December 1936 \u2013 5 September 2010) was a South African writer, who spent 30 years in exile as a consequence of restrictions placed on him and his writing by the Suppression of Communism Act and the Publications and Entertainment Act passed in the 1950s and 1960s. A multifaceted personality, he attempted every literary genre, literary criticism, poetry, drama, novels, short stories, essays, as well as journalism.", "Q440172": "Kathleen Lloyd (born Kathleen Gackle; September 13, 1948, Santa Clara, California) is an American actress known for her role as the female lead in The Missouri Breaks (1976), opposite Marlon Brando and Jack Nicholson. She also appeared in the horror films The Car (1977) and It Lives Again (1978).", "Q109791": "Dieter Engels (born February 7, 1950 in Mechernich) is a German lawyer and senior government official. He received a Doctor of Law degree from the University of Bonn in 1979. From 1968-1973 he studied legal science in Bonn. He has been President of the Federal Court of Auditors of Germany since 2002, and before that was Vice President from 1996 to 2002.", "Q33391": "Leon Trotsky (; born Lev Davidovich Bronstein; 7 November [O.S. 26 October] 1879 \u2013 21 August 1940) was a Soviet revolutionary, Marxist theorist and politician whose particular strain of Marxist thought is known as Trotskyism.\nTrotsky took part in the 1917 October Revolution, immediately becoming a leader within the Communist Party. He was one of the seven members of the first Politburo. He was a prominent figure in the early People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs and later as the founder and commander of the Red Army. After the rise of Joseph Stalin, Trotsky was removed from his positions and eventually expelled from the Soviet Union in February 1929. He spent the rest of his life in exile, and was assassinated in 1940 in Mexico City by Ram\u00f3n Mercader, a Soviet agent.Trotsky's ideas developed the basis of Trotskyism, a prime school of Marxist thought that opposes the theories of Stalinism. He was written out of the history books under Stalin and was one of the few Soviet political personalities who was not rehabilitated by the Soviet administration under Nikita Khrushchev in the 1950s.", "Q91730": "Johanna Jachmann-Wagner or Johanna Wagner (13 October 1828 \u2013 16 October 1894) was a mezzo-soprano singer, trag\u00e9dienne in theatrical drama, and teacher of singing and theatrical performance who won great distinction in Europe during the third quarter of the 19th century. She was a niece of the composer Richard Wagner and was the original performer, and in some respects the inspiration, of the character of Elisabeth in Tannh\u00e4user. She was also the original intended performer of Br\u00fcnnhilde in Der Ring des Nibelungen, but in the event assumed other roles.", "Q45207": "Muhammad Hussain Inoki (\u30e0\u30cf\u30f3\u30de\u30c9\u30fb\u30d5\u30bb\u30a4\u30f3\u30fb\u30a4\u30ce\u30ad, Muhanmado Fusein Inoki) (Arabic: \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u062f \u062d\u064f\u0633\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0643\u064a\u200e, romanized: Mu\u1e25ammad \u1e24usayn \u02bbIinuki; born Kanji Inoki (\u732a\u6728\u5bdb\u81f3, Inoki Kanji) on February 20, 1943) is a Japanese professional wrestling and mixed martial arts promoter, and retired professional wrestler, martial artist, and politician. He is best known by the ring name Antonio Inoki (\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u30cb\u30aa\u732a\u6728, Antonio Inoki), a homage to fellow professional wrestler Antonino Rocca.\nInoki began his professional wrestling career in the Japanese Wrestling Association (JWA) under the tutelage of Rikid\u014dzan. Inoki quickly became one of the most popular stars in the history of Japanese professional wrestling. Inoki parlayed his wrestling career into becoming one of Japan's most recognizable athletes, a reputation bolstered by his 1976 fight against world champion boxer Muhammad Ali. The fight against Ali served as a predecessor to modern day mixed martial arts. With Ric Flair, Inoki headlined two shows in North Korea in 1995 that drew 150,000 and 190,000 spectators, the highest attendances in professional wrestling history. Inoki was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2010.\nInoki began his promoting career in 1972, when he founded New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), in which he became the inaugural IWGP Heavyweight Champion in 1987. He remained the owner of NJPW until 2005 when he sold his controlling share in the promotion to the Yuke's video game company. In 2007, he founded the Inoki Genome Federation (IGF). In 2017, Inoki founded ISM and the following year left IGF. He is also the co-founder of the karate style Kansui-ry\u016b (\u5bdb\u6c34\u6d41) along with Matsubayashi-ry\u016b master Yukio Mizutani.In 1989, while still an active wrestler, Inoki entered politics as he was elected to the Japanese House of Councillors. During his first term with the House of Councillors, Inoki successfully negotiated with Saddam Hussein for the release of Japanese hostages before the outbreak of the Gulf War. His first tenure in the House of Councillors ended in 1995, but he was reelected in 2013. In 2019, Inoki retired from politics.", "Q1210": "Lombardy ( LOM-b\u0259r-dee, LUM-; Italian: Lombardia [lombar\u02c8di\u02d0a]; Lombard: Lombardia, Western Lombard: [l\u0169bar\u02c8di\u02d0a], or Lombard\u00e9a, Eastern Lombard: [lombar\u02c8de.a]) is one of the twenty administrative regions of Italy, in the northwest of the country, with an area of 23,844 square kilometres (9,206 sq mi). About 10 million people, forming more than one-sixth of Italy's population, live in Lombardy and more than a fifth of Italy's GDP is produced in the region, making it the most populous, richest and most productive region in the country. It is also one of the top regions in Europe for the same criteria. Milan's metropolitan area is the largest in Italy and the third most populated functional urban area in the EU. Lombardy is also the Italian region with most UNESCO World Heritage Sites\u2014Italy (along with China) having the highest number of World Heritage Sites in the world. The region is also famous for its historical figures such as Virgil, Pliny the Elder, Ambrose, Caravaggio, Claudio Monteverdi, Antonio Stradivari, Cesare Beccaria, Alessandro Volta, and popes John XXIII and Paul VI.", "Q1257444": "A film adaptation is the transfer of a work or story, in whole or in part, to a feature film. Although often considered a type of derivative work, film adaptation has been conceptualized recently by academic scholars such as Robert Stam as a dialogic process.\nA common form of film adaptation is the use of a novel as the basis of a feature film. Other works adapted into films include non-fiction (including journalism), autobiography, comic books, scriptures, plays, historical sources, and other films. From the earliest days of cinema, in nineteenth-century Europe, adaptation from such diverse resources has been a ubiquitous practice of filmmaking.", "Q3762703": "Gian Maria Gros-Pietro (born 4 February 1942) is an Italian businessman. He has been chair of the board of directors of Intesa Sanpaolo since 27 April 2016, and member of the board of directors at Luiss Guido Carli University of Rome.", "Q623323": "Malvern is a spa town and civil parish in Worcestershire, England. It lies at the foot of the Malvern Hills, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The centre of Malvern, Great Malvern, is a historic conservation area, which grew dramatically in Victorian times due to the natural mineral water springs in the vicinity, including Malvern Water.\nAt the 2011 census it had a population of 29,626. It includes Great Malvern on the steep eastern flank of the Malvern Hills, as well as the former independent urban district of Malvern Link. Many of the major suburbs and settlements that comprise the town are separated by large tracts of open common land and fields, and together with smaller civil parishes adjoining the town's boundaries and the hills, the built up area is often referred to collectively as The Malverns.Archaeological evidence suggests that Bronze Age people had settled in the area around 1000 BC, although it is not known whether these settlements were permanent or temporary. The town itself was founded in the 11th century when Benedictine monks established a priory at the foot of the highest peak of Malvern Hills. During the 19th century Malvern developed rapidly from a village to a sprawling conurbation owing to its popularity as a hydrotherapy spa based on its spring waters. Immediately following the decline of spa tourism towards the end of the 19th century, the town's focus shifted to education with the establishment of several private boarding schools in former hotels and large villas. A further major expansion was the result of the relocation of the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) to Malvern in 1942. QinetiQ, TRE's successor company, remains the town's largest local employer.Malvern is the largest place in the parliamentary constituency of West Worcestershire and the district of Malvern Hills, being also the district's administrative seat. It lies adjacent to the Malvern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The civil parish is governed by Malvern Town Council from its offices in Great Malvern.", "Q95556": "Hagen Friedrich Liebing (nickname \"The Incredible Hagen\u201c; 18 February 1961 \u2013 25 September 2016) was a German musician and journalist, best known as the bassist for the influential punk band Die \u00c4rzte. \nIn 1986, drummer Bela B invited him to join Die \u00c4rzte. The two knew each other from early Berlin punk days. The band disbanded in 1988. Liebing tried his hand at journalism shortly thereafter. He wrote several articles for \"Tagesspiegel\", and was the senior music editor of \"Tip Berlin\" since the mid 1990s. When Die \u00c4rzte reunited in 1993, he did not join them. However, he did join them on stage as a special guest in 2002. In 2003, he published his memoirs \"The Incredible Hagen - My Years with Die \u00c4rzte\". From 2003 to 2010 he headed the Press and Public Relations at the football club Tennis Borussia Berlin. Liebing died in Berlin on 25 September 2016, after a battle with a brain tumor.\n\n", "Q519775": "Andr\u00e9 Hubert Dumont (15 February 1809 \u2013 28 February 1857) was a Belgian geologist.\nDumont was born in Li\u00e8ge. His first work was a masterly M\u00e9moire on the geology of the province of Li\u00e8ge published in 1832. A few years later he became a professor of mineralogy and geology and afterwards Rector of the University of Li\u00e8ge. He subsequently turned his attention to the mineralogical and stratigraphical description of the geological formations in Belgium. The names given by him to many subdivisions of the Cretaceous and Tertiary have been adopted.His M\u00e9moire sur les terrains ardennais et rh\u00e9nan de l'Ardenne, du Brabant et du Condroz (1847\u20131848) is notable for the care with which the mineralogy of the strata was described, but the palaeontological characterization was insufficient, and neither did he adopt the terms Silurian or Devonian.\n\nDuring twenty years he laboured on a geological map of Belgium (1849). He spared no pains to make his work as complete as possible, examining\u2014on foot\u2014almost every area of importance in the country. Journeying to the more southern parts of Europe, he investigated the shores of the Bosphorus, the mountains of Spain and other regions, thereby collecting material for his geological map of Europe. This latter work of outstanding scholarship was one of the first serious attempts to establish the regional-scale geological correlation between the various countries of Europe.The Geological Society of London awarded him in 1840 the Wollaston medal. He died in Li\u00e8ge.His son, also Andr\u00e9 Dumont (1847\u20131920), discovered coal in the Campine basin on 1 August 1901.", "Q67918": "Ormalingen is a municipality in the district of Sissach, in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q706821": "Otto Herbert Schmitt (April 6, 1913 \u2013 January 6, 1998) was an American inventor, engineer, and biophysicist known for his scientific contributions to biophysics and for establishing the field of biomedical engineering. Schmitt also coined the term biomimetics and invented or co-invented the Schmitt trigger, the differential amplifier, and the chopper-stabilized amplifier.He was awarded the John Price Wetherill Medal in 1972.", "Q3072039": "Trial films is a film genre, also commonly referred to as courtroom drama.", "Q162130": "Mar\u00eda del Rosario Green Mac\u00edas (31 March 1941 \u2013 25 November 2017) was a Mexican economist, diplomat and politician.\nShe served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of Ernesto Zedillo (President of Mexico, 1994\u20132000). She was also the Secretary General of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) from 2005 to 2006, and a Senator for the 2006\u20132012 period.", "Q267796": "Natalia Romanovna Makarova (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, born 21 November 1940) is a Soviet-Russian-born prima ballerina and choreographer. The History of Dance, published in 1981, notes that \"her performances set standards of artistry and aristocracy of dance which mark her as the finest ballerina of her generation in the West.\"", "Q57603": "Erich Auerbach (November 9, 1892 \u2013 October 13, 1957) was a German philologist and comparative scholar and critic of literature. His best-known work is Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, a history of representation in Western literature from ancient to modern times and frequently cited as a classic in the study of realism in literature.", "Q69935": "Courchavon is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q508678": "Budgie were a Welsh heavy metal band from Cardiff. They are described by author Garry Sharpe-Young as one of the earliest heavy metal bands and a seminal influence to many acts of that scene, with fast, heavy rock (an influence on the new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM) and acts such as Metallica) being played as early as 1971. The band has been noted as \"among the heaviest metal of its day\".", "Q76815": "Emmy Hennings (born Emma Maria Cordsen, 17 January 1885 \u2013 10 August 1948) was a performer and poet. She was also the wife of celebrated Dadaist Hugo Ball. Despite her own achievements, it is difficult to come by information in English about Hennings that is not directly related to her relationship with Hugo Ball. Several biographies of Hennings have been published in German.", "Q93127": "Derrick R. \"Dirk\" Meyer (born November 24, 1961) was a former Chief Executive Officer of Advanced Micro Devices, serving in the position from July 18, 2008 to January 10, 2011.", "Q172445": "Pope Benedict III (Latin: Benedictus III; died 17 April 858) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 29 September 855 to his death.", "Q414245": "AGH University of Science and Technology (Polish Akademia G\u00f3rniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanis\u0142awa Staszica) is a technical university in Poland, located in Krak\u00f3w. The university was established in 1919, and was formerly known as the University of Mining and Metallurgy. It has 15 faculties and one school, which will become a faculty in the near future.", "Q387110": "Paul Gerard Smith (September 14, 1894 \u2013 April 4, 1968) was an American screenwriter. He wrote for 90 films between 1926 and 1955.\n\n", "Q58256": "Mahamoud Ali Youssouf (Template:Lang-Afar (Somali: Maxamuud Cali Yuusuf, Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u200e) is a Djiboutian diplomat. He has served in the government of Djibouti as Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2005.", "Q247320": "Adriaan Reland (also known as Adriaen Reeland/Reelant, Hadrianus Relandus) (17 July 1676, De Rijp, North Holland \u2013 5 February 1718, Utrecht) was a noted Dutch Orientalist scholar, cartographer and philologist. He is considered to have made a long-lasting and significant contribution to research of the historical geography of early Palestine.", "Q549624": "Rise Above Records is a London, England based independent record label owned by Lee Dorrian (of the band Cathedral and formerly of Napalm Death).", "Q57165": "Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad; 24 August 1865 \u2013 20 July 1927), nicknamed \u00centregitorul (\"the Unifier\"), was King of Romania from 1914 until 1927. Although a member of the Swabian branch of Germany's ruling House of Hohenzollern, Ferdinand sided against the Central Powers in World War I. Thus, at the war\u2019s end, Romania emerged as a much-enlarged kingdom, including Bessarabia, Bukovina and Transylvania, and Ferdinand was crowned king of \"Greater Romania\" in a grand ceremony in 1922. He died from cancer in 1927, succeeded by his grandson Michael under a regency.", "Q260947": "Giorgia Todrani, best known as Giorgia (born 26 April 1971) is an Italian female singer, songwriter, musician, record producer and radio host.\nKnown for her soulful voice, which is aided by a wide vocal range, high belting register and great vocal abilities.\nShe has got 4 octaves and a Big vocal range.She is one of the most iconic and famous Italian singers. She has released ten studio albums, which all enjoyed good commercial success in Italy. Giorgia has become fairly well known throughout Europe as an ambassador for Italian pop music, and has also achieved moderate success in Canada and Latin America.\nFor her voice's qualities she has been compared to Whitney Houston and Mina, and has been defined \"fourth-best voice in the world\". Billboard magazine called her \"one of the most popular Italian singers\" and stated that \"she could have made it (a great success) in the USA too\".Giorgia holds the first place among the artists Italian women of her generation for number of weeks in the Fimi-Nielsen chart, and she has sold over 7 million records worldwide, with 12 top-ten albums of which 5 number-one on the Italian album chart, and 24 top-ten singles of which 5 number-one hits on the Italian singles chart. She has participated three times at the Sanremo Music Festival, in 1995, in 1996 and in 2001, resulting at the first, third and second place respectively. At the Sanremo Music Festival 1995, she has won 4 prizes in the same night (Festival First Awards, Radio/TV Awards, Authors Awards and \"Mia Martini\" Awards).\nIn her career Giorgia has won 8 Italian and Wind Music Awards, a David di Donatello, a Nastro d'argento and a \"Premio Lunezia\".", "Q381561": "Anthony Wong Chau-sang (born Anthony William Perry; 2 September 1961), known professionally as Anthony Wong, is a Hong Kong actor who is perhaps best known in the West for his roles in the 1992 action film Hard Boiled, the 2002 critically acclaimed Infernal Affairs and as General Yang in the 2008 Hollywood film The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor.", "Q487439": "Oral (Kazakh: \u041e\u0440\u0430\u043b, romanized: Oral), Ural'sk (Russian: \u0423\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a) in Russian, formerly known as Yaitsk (Russian: \u042f\u0438\u0446\u043a, until 1775), is a city in northwestern Kazakhstan, at the confluence of the Ural and Chogan rivers close to the Russian border. As it is located on the western bank of the Ural river, it is considered geographically in Europe. It is the capital of the West Kazakhstan Region. The ethnic composition is dominated by Kazakhs (60%) and Russians. Population: 271,900 (2009 Census results); 194,905 (1999 Census results).Oral is an agricultural and industrial centre, and has been an important trade stop since its founding. Barge traffic has passed up and down the Ural River between the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains for centuries. Today it is one of the major entry points for rail traffic from Europe to Siberia, servicing the many new oil fields in the Caspian basin and the industrial cities of the southern Urals. It is served by Oral Ak Zhol Airport.\n\n", "Q821105": "York (Pennsylvania German: Yarrick), known as the White Rose City (after the symbol of the House of York), is the county seat of York County, Pennsylvania, United States, located in the south-central region of the state. The population within York's city limits was 43,718 at the 2010 census, a 7.0% increase from the 2000 count of 40,862. When combined with the adjacent boroughs of West York and North York and surrounding Spring Garden, West Manchester, and Springettsbury townships, the population of Greater York was 108,386. York is the 11th largest city in Pennsylvania.", "Q164227": "Henry Aristide \"Red\" Boucher Jr. (January 27, 1921 \u2013 June 19, 2009) was the lieutenant governor of Alaska from 1970 to 1974. He had also served as mayor of Fairbanks, Alaska, from 1966 to 1970, and in the Alaska House of Representatives. Boucher served on the Fairbanks City Council and the Anchorage Assembly.\nHe enlisted in the Navy becoming a signalman and a meteorologist, in the Pacific theatre of World War II. In the Navy for 20 years, he achieved the rank of Chief Petty Officer.\nIn the 1960s, he founded the Fairbanks Goldpanners baseball team, now a part of the Alaska Baseball League. In 2009, Boucher was inducted into the Alaska Sports Hall of Fame. He was known as a \"telecommunication whiz,\" because of his early use of Apple computers and advocacy for Internet expansion statewide.", "Q540166": "Arthur Machen (; 3 March 1863 \u2013 15 December 1947) was the pen-name of Arthur Llewellyn Jones, a Welsh author and mystic of the 1890s and early 20th century. He is best known for his influential supernatural, fantasy, and horror fiction. His novella The Great God Pan (1890; 1894) has garnered a reputation as a classic of horror, with Stephen King describing it as \"Maybe the best [horror story] in the English language.\" He is also well known for \"The Bowmen\", a short story that was widely read as fact, creating the legend of the Angels of Mons.", "Q727151": "Rodney Roy Jerkins (born July 29, 1977), also known by his stage name Darkchild, is an American record producer, rapper, and songwriter. He has collaborated with a broad range of popular artists, including Brandy, Mary J. Blige, Janet Jackson, Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson, Destiny's Child, Pussycat Dolls, Monica, Beyonc\u00e9, Jennifer Lopez, Toni Braxton, Britney Spears, Ludacris, Ciara, Lady Gaga, Baekhyun, Justin Bieber and Pantura singer Agnez Mo.\nJerkins has won multiple Grammy Awards. Among his most successful productions are \"Stay with Me\" by Sam Smith, \"The Boy Is Mine\" and \"What About Us?\" by Brandy, \"I Can Love You\" and \"Enough Cryin\" by Mary J. Blige, \"Daydreamin'\" by Tatyana Ali, \"Angel of Mine\" by Monica, \"It's Not Right but It's Okay\" by Whitney Houston, \"Say My Name\" and \"Cater 2 U\" by Destiny's Child, \"If You Had My Love\" by Jennifer Lopez, \"He Wasn't Man Enough\" by Toni Braxton, \"You Rock My World\" by Michael Jackson, \"One Wish\" by Ray J, \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\" by Beyonc\u00e9, \"Telephone\" by Lady Gaga, and \"As Long as You Love Me\" by Justin Bieber.", "Q91056": "Gert Ledig, full name Robert Gerhard Ledig (4 November 1921, Leipzig - 1 June 1999 in Landsberg am Lech), was a German writer.", "Q468198": "Natalia Morar (Romanian: Natalia Morari, Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0440\u044c; born 12 January 1984 in Kotovsk, Moldavian SSR) is a Moldovan investigative journalist for the Russian magazine New Times. She was a permanent resident of Russia until she was expelled in December 2007, presumably for exposing corruption in Russia. Born in Moldova, she moved to Russia in 2002 to study sociology at the Moscow State University, which she graduated in 2007. Morar applied for Russian citizenship, which she was supposed to get in April 2008, but the citizenship was denied citing national security reasons.", "Q32931": "Sarah Kay (born June 19, 1988) is an American poet. Known for her spoken word poetry, Kay is the founder and co-director of Project V.O.I.C.E., founded in 2004, a group dedicated to using spoken word an educational and inspirational tool.", "Q382068": "Kintaro Hayakawa (June 10, 1886 \u2013 November 23, 1973), known professionally as Sessue Hayakawa, was a Japanese actor and a matin\u00e9e idol. He was one of the biggest stars in Hollywood during the silent film era of the 1910s and early 1920s. Hayakawa was the first actor of Asian descent to achieve stardom as a leading man in the United States and Europe. His \"broodingly handsome\" good looks and typecasting as a sexually dominant villain made him a heartthrob among American women during a time of racial discrimination, and he became one of the first male sex symbols of Hollywood.He made his breakthrough in The Cheat (1915), and thereafter became famous for his roles as a forbidden lover. Hayakawa was a highly paid star of his time, earning $3,500 a week in 1919 and $2 million through his own production company from 1918 to 1920. Because of rising anti-Japanese sentiment and business difficulties, Hayakawa left Hollywood in 1922 and performed on Broadway and in Japan and Europe for many years before making his Hollywood comeback in Daughter of the Dragon (1931).Of his talkies, Hayakawa is probably best known for his role as Colonel Saito in The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), for which he earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Hayakawa starred in over 80 feature films, and three of his films (The Cheat, The Dragon Painter, and The Bridge on the River Kwai) stand in the United States National Film Registry.", "Q2084486": "The Pfyffe is a mountain of the Bernese Alpine foothills located between the municipalities of Guggisberg and R\u00fcschegg in the canton of Bern. It is part of the wooded range north of the Gurnigel Pass, which culminates at the Selib\u00fcel. On the southern slopes of the mountain lies the small resort of Ottenleuebad (1,430 m).", "Q245537": "The 6th arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille.", "Q215300": "Jordin Brianna Sparks (born December 22, 1989) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She rose to fame in 2007 after winning the sixth season of American Idol at age 17, becoming the youngest winner in the series' history. Her self-titled debut studio album, released later that year, was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and has sold over two million copies worldwide. The album spawned the Billboard Hot 100 top-ten singles \"Tattoo\" and \"No Air\"; the latter, a collaboration with Chris Brown, is currently the third highest-selling single by any American Idol contestant, selling over three million digital copies in the United States. The song earned Sparks her first Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals.Sparks's second studio album, Battlefield (2009), debuted at number 7 on the Billboard 200 chart. Its title single reached number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100, making Sparks the only American Idol contestant to have her first five singles reach the top 20 in the United States. The second single, \"S.O.S. (Let the Music Play)\", became Sparks's first number one on the Hot Dance Club Play chart. Throughout her career, Sparks has received numerous accolades, including an NAACP Image Award, a BET Award, an American Music Award, a People's Choice Award and two Teen Choice Awards. In 2009, Billboard magazine ranked her as the 91st Artist of the 2000s Decade. In 2012, Sparks was ranked at number 92 on VH1's list of the \"100 Greatest Women in Music\". As of February 2012, she has sold 1.3 million albums and 10.2 million singles in the United States alone, making her one of the most successful American Idol contestants of all time.Following the release of Battlefield, Sparks ventured into acting, pursuing television and Broadway. She made her stage debut as Nina Rosario in the musical In The Heights (2010), and her feature film debut as the titular character in Sparkle (2012). Sparks has also released several perfumes, including Because of You... in 2010 as well as Fascinate and Ambition in 2012. After a five-year absence from music, she released a mixtape, #ByeFelicia (2014), under a new record deal with Louder Than Life/Red Associated Labels, a joint deal with Sony Music Entertainment. Sparks' R&B-focused third studio album and most recent to date, Right Here Right Now (2015), saw smaller commercial success but received positive reviews from music critics.", "Q12439": "Detroit (, locally also ; French: D\u00e9troit, lit. 'strait') is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the largest U.S. city on the United States\u2013Canada border, and the seat of Wayne County. The municipality of Detroit had a 2018 estimated population of 672,662, making it the 23rd-most populous city in the United States. The metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 4.3 million people, making it the second-largest in the Midwest after the Chicago metropolitan area. Regarded as a major cultural center, Detroit is known for its contributions to music and as a repository for art, architecture and design.Detroit is a major port on the Detroit River, one of the four major straits that connect the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States. The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest regional economy in the Midwest, behind Chicago and ahead of Minneapolis\u2013Saint Paul, and the 13th-largest in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a highway tunnel, railway tunnel, and the Ambassador Bridge, which is the second busiest international crossing in North America, after San Diego\u2013Tijuana. Detroit is best known as the center of the U.S. automobile industry, and the \"Big Three\" auto manufacturers General Motors, Ford, and Fiat Chrysler are all headquartered in Metro Detroit.In 1701, Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founded Fort Pontchartrain du D\u00e9troit, the future city of Detroit. During the 19th century, it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region. The city became the 4th-largest in the nation in 1920, after only New York City, Chicago, and Philadelphia with the influence of the booming auto industry. With expansion of the auto industry in the early 20th century, the city and its suburbs experienced rapid growth, and by the 1940s, the city had become the fourth-largest in the country. However, due to industrial restructuring, the loss of jobs in the auto industry, and rapid suburbanization, Detroit lost considerable population from the late 20th century to the present. Since reaching a peak of 1.85 million at the 1950 census, Detroit's population has declined by more than 60 percent. In 2013, Detroit became the largest U.S. city to file for bankruptcy, which it successfully exited in December 2014, when the city government regained control of Detroit's finances.Detroit's diverse culture has had both local and international influence, particularly in music, with the city giving rise to the genres of Motown and techno, and playing an important role in the development of jazz, hip-hop, rock, and punk music. The rapid growth of Detroit in its boom years resulted in a globally unique stock of architectural monuments and historic places. Since the 2000s conservation efforts have managed to save many architectural pieces and achieved several large-scale revitalizations, including the restoration of several historic theatres and entertainment venues, high-rise renovations, new sports stadiums, and a riverfront revitalization project. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, and various other neighborhoods has increased. An increasingly popular tourist destination, Detroit receives 19 million visitors per year. In 2015, Detroit was named a \"City of Design\" by UNESCO, the first U.S. city to receive that designation.", "Q369977": "Kim Jacinthe Poirier (born February 6, 1980) is a Canadian actress, singer, film producer, and television host.", "Q862028": "Wilbert Francisco Cobbs (born June 16, 1934) is an American actor.", "Q938326": "Konrad III the Red (pl: Konrad III Rudy; 1447/48 \u2013 28 October 1503), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast in the Masovian branch. He was a duke of Czersk, Liw, Warsaw, Nur, \u0141om\u017ca, Ciechan\u00f3w, R\u00f3\u017can, Zakroczym and Wyszogr\u00f3d during 1454-1471 jointly with his brothers (under regency until 1462), Duke of P\u0142ock, Wizna, P\u0142o\u0144sk and Zawkrze during 1462-1471, and after the division of the paternal domains in 1471, sole ruler over Czersk and Liw, over Wyszogr\u00f3d during 1474-1489 and again in 1495, over Zakroczym since 1484, over Nur since 1488 and over Warsaw since 1489.\nHe was the third son of Boles\u0142aw IV of Warsaw and Barbara Olelkovna of Slutsk-Kapy, a Lithuanian princess, (granddaughter of Vladimir Olgerdovich). The premature death of his two older brothers during 1453-1454 left him as the eldest surviving son of his family.", "Q120465": "Paul Boldt (1885, Christfelde, West Prussia - 1921, Freiburg im Breisgau) was one of the poets of German Expressionism.\nBoldt was born in the town of Christfelde an der Weichsel in the countryside of West Prussia, an area which is now a part of Poland. After finishing his secondary education, he studied philology at universities in Munich, Marburg, and Berlin without taking a degree. Once in Berlin, he started associating with the writers and artists who frequented the city's many cafes and began writing poetry himself.\nIn 1912, his first published poems appeared in Die Aktion, a magazine most frequently associated with the Expressionist movement. Two years later, he published his only book, Junge Pferde! Junge Pferde! (Young Horses! Young Horses).\nHe was drafted into the German Army at the beginning of World War I, but was discharged in 1916 regarded psychologically unfit to serve. It was during his time in the military that he stopped writing poetry, and the last of his poems to appear in print during his lifetime came out in 1918.\nBoldt died at the age of 35 from an embolism that was a complication of surgery for a hernia. Since his death, he has been largely forgotten, unlike other Expressionist poets writing in German, such as Gottfried Benn, Georg Heym, and Georg Trakl. (There are, in fact, no photographs or likenesses of Boldt known to exist.) However, in the last few decades there has been a movement seeking to revive recognition for what many readers and critics believe to be his considerable poetic gifts.\nMost recently, there has been a \"mini-renaissance\" of Boldt's reputation in the German-speaking world, as his complete works have been republished for the first time in over a quarter-century; specifically in two volumes: Junge Pferde! Junge Pferde! (\"Young Horses! Young Horses!\") and \"Auf der Terrasse des Cafe Josty\" (\"On the Terrace of Cafe Josty\"), published by Edition Razamba in 2008 and 2009, respectively. A compilation book of poetry, titled Herbstpark was published in January 2018 as part of the series \"50 zeitlose Gedichte\" (50 timeless poems) at Martin Werhand Verlag.\nEnglish-language translations of some of Boldt's poems can be found in \"The Online-Archive with the oeuvre of Paul Boldt\" listed below.", "Q88507": "Michael Roes (born 7 August 1960 in Rhede, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German writer and filmmaker.\nRoes was born in Rhede and grew up in Bocholt, North Rhine-Westphalia.", "Q90348": "Walter Brandorff (born 1943 in Munich, Germany; died 8 August 1996, in Carinthia, Austria) was a German-Austrian author.", "Q157835": "Zaporizhia, Zaporizhzhia or Zaporizhzhya (UK: , US: ; Ukrainian: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0301\u0436\u0436\u044f, romanized: Zapor\u00ed\u017e\u017eja IPA: [z\u0250po\u02c8r\u207d\u02b2\u207ei\u0292\u02d0\u0250] (listen)), also known as Zaporozhye (US: ; Russian: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0436\u044c\u0435, romanized: Zapor\u00f3\u017e'je, IPA: [z\u0259p\u0250\u02c8ro\u0290j\u026a]) and formerly as Alexandrovsk (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a [\u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr\u0259fsk]; Ukrainian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a, romanized: Oleksandrivs'k [olek\u02c8s\u0251nd\u207d\u02b2\u207er\u207d\u02b2\u207eiu\u032fs\u02b2k]), is a city in south-eastern Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper. It is the administrative centre of the Zaporizhia Oblast (region).Zaporizhia is known for its island of Khortytsia and Dnieper Hydroelectric Station. It is also an important industrial centre producing steel, aluminium, aircraft engines, automobiles, transformers for substations, and other heavy industry goods.", "Q93669": "Admiral Henry John Chetwynd-Talbot, 18th Earl of Shrewsbury, 18th Earl of Waterford, 3rd Earl Talbot, CB, PC (8 November 1803 \u2013 4 June 1868), styled Viscount of Ingestre between 1826 and 1849 and known as The Earl Talbot between 1849 and 1858, was a British naval commander and Conservative politician.", "Q2166359": "Wandsworth Town is a district of south London, within the London Borough of Wandsworth 4.6 miles (7.4 km) southwest of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.", "Q240467": "Natasha Gregson Wagner (born September 29, 1970) is an American actress. She is the daughter of film producer Richard Gregson and actress Natalie Wood.", "Q28941": "Frank William George Lloyd (2 February 1886 \u2013 10 August 1960) was a British-born American film director, actor, scriptwriter, and producer. He was among the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and was its president from 1934 to 1935.", "Q736074": "Jorge Stolfi (born 1950 in S\u00e3o Paulo) is a full professor of computer science at the State University of Campinas, working in computer vision, image processing, splines and other function approximation methods, graph theory, computational geometry and several other fields. According to the ISI Web Of Science, as of 2010 he was the most highly cited computer scientist in Brazil.Jorge Stolfi was born in Vila Carr\u00e3o, a suburb of S\u00e3o Paulo. His parents had immigrated to Brazil from the Veneto region of Italy only two years earlier, and so he spoke Venetian as his first language. He obtained an engineering degree in electronics (1973) and M.Sc. in applied mathematics (1979) from the University of S\u00e3o Paulo. From 1979 to 1988 he was a student of Leo Guibas at Stanford University, where he got a Ph.D in computer science. He had a CNPq grant from 1979 to 1983, then a research internship at Xerox PARC until 1985, and also at the DEC Systems Research Center (SRC) until 1988. After obtaining his Ph.D. he became a research engineer at SRC.\nIn 1992 he returned to Brazil to take a position at the Computer Science Department of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), which later became the university's Institute of Computing. He was the institute's chairman from 2004 to 2008. Despite that, Stolfi has been criticised by students for not correcting undergraduate tests in 2016 and awarding random grades.", "Q830020": "Eduard S\u00f5rmus (July 9, 1878 \u2014 August 16, 1940) was an early 20th-century Estonian violinist. He was sometimes known as the Red Violinist (der rote Geiger).\nS\u00f5rmus was born in the Luunja borough, Tartu County, in the Governorate of Livonia (present-day Estonia). He inherited part of his interest for music from his mother Leena, who had a lovely singing voice and who used to sing during her daily tasks. When S\u00f5rmus was 6 years old, his father gave him his first violin. S\u00f5rmus\u00b4s first music teacher was a local tailor named Gustav Puks. S\u00f5rmus went to Hugo Treffner Gymnasium in Tartu from 1888. In gymnasium, he continued playing violin with Johann Kelder, who was a medical student in the University of Tartu. S\u00f5rmus then gave his first concerts in his farmstead and in a neighbouring house. In 1899, S\u00f5rmus went to university and started studying law at the university. After a year in the faculty of law, he changed his studies over to history and languages. In 1902, S\u00f5rmus continued his violin studies at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory under the hand of violin master Leopold Auer. S\u00f5rmus became active in the Russian Revolutionary movement and eventually took part in the 1905 Russian Revolution. In 1904, he began touring, giving violin recitals and giving ardent speeches of proletarian sufferings and miseries. That was enough to be listed in the police's list of most wanted. In 1906, because of his revolutionary activity, he was forced to flee Russia, so he toured Europe giving recitals. After this he continued his studies with Henri Marteau in Berlin and Lucien Capet in Paris. S\u00f5rmus spent World War I in Paris and London, after which he returned to Russia for a couple of years and then toured the continent again. One concert was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1934 where his wife, Virginia, played the pianoforte. He died in a nursing home in Moscow whilst his wife, Virginia, was visiting her family in Britain.\nS\u00f5rmus was a labour activist. He gave a number of charity concerts, the proceeds of which went to help the poor, and concerts to children. Near Dresden, there is a children\u00b4s orphanage which was built with donation money collected during S\u00f5rmus's concerts.\nIn the 1920s, he was mainly active in Germany. There is a street named after him (Eduard-Soermus-Stra\u00dfe) in the city of Zwickau, Schumann's birthplace.\nThe 1912 Marc Chagall painting Der Geiger was inspired by S\u00f5rmus.", "Q643399": "Rafael Bastos Hocsman, better known as Rafinha Bastos or simply Rafi Bastos (born December 5, 1976) is a Brazilian comedian, actor, journalist and television personality.\n\n", "Q219512": "Jesse Adam Eisenberg (born October 5, 1983) is an American actor, author, and playwright. He made his television debut with the short-lived comedy-drama series Get Real (1999\u20132000). Following his first leading role in the comedy-drama film Roger Dodger (2002), he appeared in the drama film The Emperor's Club (2002), the psychological thriller film The Village (2004), the comedy-drama film The Squid and the Whale (2005), and the drama film The Education of Charlie Banks (2007). He is also known for playing Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg in David Fincher's The Social Network (2010).\nIn 2009, Eisenberg had his breakthrough with starring roles in the comedy-drama film Adventureland and the horror comedy Zombieland. His portrayal of Zuckerberg in The Social Network earned him nominations for various awards, including the BAFTA, Golden Globe, and Academy Award for Best Actor. He also starred in Holy Rollers (2010), which was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival.\nEisenberg later voiced the main character, Blu, a male Spix's macaw, in the animated films Rio (2011) and Rio 2 (2014). His other films include the action-comedy film 30 Minutes or Less (2011), the action-comedy film American Ultra (2015), the Woody Allen films To Rome with Love (2012) and Caf\u00e9 Society (2016), and the heist film Now You See Me (2013) and its sequel Now You See Me 2 (2016). In 2016, Eisenberg portrayed Lex Luthor in the superhero film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice and briefly reprised the role in 2017's Justice League.\nEisenberg has contributed pieces to The New Yorker and McSweeney's websites. He has written and starred in three plays for the New York stage: Asuncion, The Revisionist, and The Spoils. Eisenberg's first book, Bream Gives Me Hiccups: and Other Stories, a short story collection, was released in September 2015.", "Q5738": "Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers ( tee-AIR, French: [ma\u0281i \u0292\u0254z\u025bf lwi ad\u0254lf tj\u025b\u0281]; 15 April 1797 \u2013 3 September 1877) was a French statesman and historian. He was the second elected President of France, and the first President of the French Third Republic.\nThiers was a key figure in the July Revolution of 1830, which overthrew the Bourbon monarchy, and the French Revolution of 1848, which established the Second French Republic. He served as a prime minister in 1836, 1840 and 1848, dedicated the Arc de Triomphe, and arranged the return to France of the ashes of Napoleon from Saint-Helena. He was first a supporter, then a vocal opponent of Louis-Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte (who served from 1848 to 1852 as President of the Second Republic and then called himself Emperor Napoleon III, reigning from 1852 to 1871). When Napoleon III seized power, Thiers was arrested and briefly expelled from France. He then returned and became an opponent of the government.\nFollowing the defeat of France in the Franco-German War, which Thiers opposed, he was elected chief executive of the new French government and negotiated the end of the war. When the Paris Commune seized power in March 1871, Thiers gave the orders to the army for its suppression. At the age of seventy-four, he was named President of the Republic by the French National Assembly in August 1871. His chief accomplishment as president was to achieve the departure of German soldiers from most of French territory two years ahead of schedule. Opposed by the monarchists in the French assembly and the left wing of the Republicans, he resigned on 24 May 1873, and was replaced as President by Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta. When he died in 1877, his funeral became a major political event; the procession was led by two of the leaders of the republican movement, Victor Hugo and Leon Gambetta, who, at the time of his death, were his allies against the conservative monarchists.\nHe was also a notable literary figure, the author of a very successful ten-volume history of the French Revolution, and a twenty-volume history of the Consulate and Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1834 he was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie Fran\u00e7aise.", "Q2907867": "Bob Weston (born 1965) is an American musician, producer, recording engineer, and record mastering engineer. Critic Jason Ankeny declares that \"Weston's name and fingerprints are all over the American underground rock of the post-punk era, producing and engineering dates for a seemingly endless number of bands.\" As a performer, Weston is best known as the bass guitarist in the groups Volcano Suns and Shellac.", "Q76183": "Joseph Meyer (May 9, 1796 - June 27, 1856) was a German industrialist and publisher, most noted for his encyclopedia, Meyers Konversations-Lexikon.", "Q95218": "Hans-J\u00fcrgen Pohmann (born 23 May 1947) is a former professional tennis player from Germany.\nDuring his career, Pohmann won two singles and five doubles titles on the ATP Tour. As of 2011, he was a commentator for the German television network RBB.\n\n", "Q292521": "Nedda Casei (September 9, 1932 \u2013 January 20, 2020) was an American operatic mezzo-soprano.", "Q230180": "Courtney Thorne-Smith (born November 8, 1967) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Alison Parker on Melrose Place, Georgia Thomas on Ally McBeal, Cheryl in According to Jim and her recurring role on Two and a Half Men as Lyndsey McElroy.", "Q66390": "Saint-Imier is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).\nThe Observatoire Astronomique de Mont-Soleil is located above the village.", "Q65699": "Tschappina is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q1027641": "Calvin Blackman Bridges (January 11, 1889 \u2013 December 27, 1938) was an American scientist known for his contributions to the field of genetics. Along with Alfred Sturtevant and H.J. Muller, Bridges was part of Thomas Hunt Morgan's famous \"Fly Room\" at Columbia University.", "Q45549": "Desir\u00e9e Rancatore (born 29 January 1977) is an Italian dramatic coloratura soprano with an active career on the opera and concert stages of Europe.", "Q242270": "Hecataeus of Miletus (; Greek: \u1f19\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u039c\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2; c. 550 BC \u2013 c. 476 BC), son of Hegesander, was an early Greek historian and geographer.\n\n", "Q100945": "Hansj\u00f6rg Schmidt (born (1974-10-29)29 October 1974) is a German Social Democratic politician and Member of the Hamburg Parliament since 7 March 2011.", "Q111690": "Ernst Bollmann (12. February 1899 in Duisburg; \u2020 1974 in Moers) was a German politician. He was a member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP).", "Q573584": "Basch Viktor Vil\u00e9m, or Victor-Guillaume Basch (18 August 1863/1865, Budapest \u2013 10 January 1944) was a French politician and professor of germanistics and philosophy at the Sorbonne descending from Hungary. He was engaged in the Zionist movement, in the Ligue des droits de l'homme (president from 1926 to 1944) and in Anti-Nazism.\nHis father was the journalist and political activist, Raphael Basch. Born in Budapest in 1863, Victor Basch emigrated with his family to France as a child, and later studied at the Sorbonne. In 1885 he was appointed professor at the University of Nancy, and in 1887 at the University of Rennes, where he became friend with Jean Jaur\u00e8s. During the Dreyfus affair Basch was the leader of the Dreyfusards at Rennes, who were placed in a serious and difficult position when the case was tried in that city. Both as a Jew and a Dreyfusard, Basch was subjected to persecution at the hands of the fanatical anti-Semitic populace. In a 1916 interview cited by his biographer and granddaughter, the French historian Fran\u00e7oise Basch, Victor Basch declared, \" I'm really a Jew. I struggle and suffered for my Jewishness.\" However, biographer Fran\u00e7oise Basch underscores that her grandfather identified with his family history and the suffering of persecuted Jews, and not with Judaism as a religion. As both a member of the League against Imperialism created in Brussels in 1927, and as President of the Ligue des Droits de l'Homme from 1926\u20131944, Basch was one of the architects of the Popular Front. He fought and suffered for the principles of legal and social justice as well as human rights.\nOn 10 January 1944, Victor Basch and his wife, Ilona Basch (n\u00e9e Helene Furth) aged 81, were taken from their home in Lyon and assassinated by Joseph Lecussan and Henri Gonnet of the antisemitic Vichy French Milice Fran\u00e7aise under orders of the regional chief Paul Touvier.", "Q6231": "Cremona (, also UK: , Italian: [kre\u02c8mo\u02d0na]; Cremun\u00e9s: Crem\u00f9na; Emilian: Carmona) is a city and comune in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po River in the middle of the Pianura Padana (Po Valley). It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city and province governments. The city of Cremona is especially noted for its musical history and traditions, including some of the earliest and most renowned luthiers, such as Giuseppe Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Francesco Rugeri, Vincenzo Rugeri, and several members of the Amati family.", "Q542981": "Roy Goodman (born 26 January 1951) is an English conductor and violinist, specialising in the performance and direction of early music. He became internationally famous as the 12-year-old boy treble soloist in the March 1963 recording of Allegri's Miserere with the Choir of King's College, Cambridge, under David Willcocks.", "Q1736265": "Kathinka Pasveer (born 11 June 1959) is a Dutch flautist.", "Q704978": "Bathurst is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. It is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) west-northwest of Sydney and is the seat of the Bathurst Regional Council. Bathurst is the oldest inland settlement in Australia and had a population of 36,801 at June 2018.\nBathurst is often referred to as the Gold Country as it was the site of the first gold discovery and where the first gold rush occurred in Australia. Bathurst is the second oldest inland city behind Goulburn as stated by historian Oscar Cunningham. Today education, tourism and manufacturing drive the economy. The internationally known racetrack Mount Panorama is a landmark of the city. Bathurst has a historic city centre with many ornate buildings remaining from the gold rush period of the mid to late 19th century.\nThe median age of the city's population is 35 years; which is particularly young for a regional centre (the state median is 38), and is related to the large education sector in the community. Population growth has reached 1.6% per annum over the five years until 2010, making Bathurst the seventh fastest growing regional city in New South Wales. This growth over recent years has resulted in increased urban development including retail precincts, sporting facilities, housing estates and expanding industrial areas.", "Q65841": "Hittnau is a municipality in the district of Pf\u00e4ffikon in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q7815317": "Op-Center or Tom Clancy's Op-Center (1995) is the first novel in Tom Clancy's Op-Center created by Tom Clancy and Steve Pieczenik. It was written by Jeff Rovin. It was adapted into the film of the same name.", "Q495015": "Fudan University (simplified Chinese: \u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66; traditional Chinese: \u5fa9\u65e6\u5927\u5b78; pinyin: F\u00f9d\u00e0n D\u00e0xu\u00e9) is a major public research university in Shanghai, China. It is widely considered as one of the most prestigious and selective universities in China. Founded in 1905, shortly before the end of China's imperial Qing dynasty, Fudan was the first university established independently by the Chinese people. Fudan is a member of the elite C9 League and a Chinese Ministry of Education Class A Double First Class University.Fudan is renowned for its liberal atmosphere and rigorous academics. It is an important academic center for Chinese humanities, natural sciences, and medical studies. Fudan enjoys the reputation of The No.1 Academy of Jiangnan (\"\u6c5f\u5357\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b66\u5e9c\"). For the past hundred years, Fudan has made significant contributions to the development of the country, the rejuvenation of the nation, the well-being of the society, and the advance of the national education, science, medicine, and technology. Fudan has cultivated a number of outstanding talents and many prominent figures for modern China. Notable Fudan alumni include Chen Yinke, Chen Wangdao, Chu Coching, Yan Fu, Yu Youren and \"China's Kissinger\" Wang Huning.\nFudan is a collegiate university with five colleges \u2013 Zhide (\u5fd7\u5fb7), Tengfei (\u817e\u98de), Keqing (\u514b\u537f), Renzhong (\u4efb\u91cd), and Xide (\u5e0c\u5fb7). It is now composed of four campuses in Shanghai \u2013 Handan (\u90af\u90f8), Fenglin (\u67ab\u6797), Zhangjiang (\u5f20\u6c5f), and Jiangwan (\u6c5f\u6e7e) \u2013 which share the same central administration. Fudan has 17 hospitals affiliated. In the 2018 QS Asian University Ranking, Fudan ranks 2nd in China and No. 7 in Asia.", "Q23814": "Stephen James Merchant (born 24 November 1974) is an English writer, director, radio presenter, comedian, and actor. In collaboration with Ricky Gervais, he was the co-writer and co-director of the British TV comedy series The Office (2001\u20132003), and co-writer and co-star of both Extras (2005\u20132007) and Life's Too Short (2011\u20132013). With Gervais and Karl Pilkington, he hosted The Ricky Gervais Show in its radio, podcast, audiobook and television formats; the radio version won a bronze Sony Award. He also voiced Wheatley in the 2011 video game Portal 2.\nMerchant co-developed the Sky1 travel series An Idiot Abroad (2010\u20132011) and co-created Lip Sync Battle. He has performed as a stand-up comedian, which led to his writing and starring in the HBO series Hello Ladies, which was based on his stand-up material. He starred in his first play, Richard Bean's The Mentalists, at London's Wyndham's Theatre in the summer of 2015. His various endeavours have earned him two Golden Globe Awards, three BAFTA TV Awards, a Primetime Emmy Award, and four British Comedy Awards. He appeared as the mutant Caliban in the 2017 superhero film Logan.", "Q722001": "Luke George Evans (born 15 April 1979) is a Welsh actor and singer. Evans began his career on the stage, performing in many of London's West End productions such as Rent, Miss Saigon, and Piaf before making his film breakthrough in the Clash of the Titans 2010 remake. Following his debut, Evans was cast in such action and thriller films as Immortals (2011), The Raven (2012), and the re-imagined The Three Musketeers (2011).\nIn 2013, Evans starred as the main antagonist Owen Shaw in the blockbuster Fast & Furious 6, and also played Bard the Bowman in Peter Jackson's three-part adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit. Evans also portrayed the vampire Dracula in the character's 2014 film origin story, Dracula Untold. In 2017, Evans starred as Gaston in Disney's live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, and portrayed American psychologist William Moulton Marston, creator of fictional character Wonder Woman, in the biographical drama Professor Marston and the Wonder Women. He released his debut album At Last on 22 November 2019.", "Q12411": "Pontevedra (Galician: [\u02ccpont\u026a\u02c8\u03b2\u025b\u00f0\u027e\u0250], Spanish: [ponte\u02c8\u03b2e\u00f0\u027ea]) is a Spanish city in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula. It is the capital of both the Comarca (County) and Province of Pontevedra, and of the Rias Baixas in Galicia. It is also the capital of its own municipality which is, in fact, often considered as an extension of the actual city.\nThe city is best known for its urban planning, pedestrianisation and the charm of its historic centre. In recent years, it has been awarded several international awards for its urban quality and quality of life, accessibility and urban mobility policy, like the international European prize \"Intermodes\" in Brussels in 2013, the United Nations Habitat prize in Dubai in 2014 and the \"Excellence Prize\" of the Center for Active Design in New York City in 2015, among others. Pontevedra's car free center helped transform it into one of the most accessible European cities, leading to various European and American studies on its exemplary urban planning been carried out in recent years.Surrounded by hills, the city is located on the edge of an estuary at the mouth of the river L\u00e9rez by the sea, at the bottom of the R\u00eda de Pontevedra, in the heart of the R\u00edas Baixas. An economic centre and tourist destination, with a population of 83,029, it is at the head of an urban area around its Ria of more than 200,000 inhabitants comprising the municipalities of Poio, Mar\u00edn, Sanxenxo, Bueu, Vilaboa, Cotobade, Ponte Caldelas, Barro and Soutomaior.\nPontevedra is the second city in Galicia for its rich heritage, only after Santiago de Compostela. A city of art and history, the city is known as \"The Good City\" or \"The City of the L\u00e9rez\". The city is also an important stopover on the Portuguese Way path of the Camino de Santiago that bears witness to the circular church of the Pilgrim's Virgin with a floor plan in the shape of a scallop shell and the scallop shells sculpted in the arches of the medieval Burgo bridge.\nThe city is marked by a strong presence of administrative and justice services. Pontevedra is the seat of the Diputaci\u00f3n Provincial (equivalent to the General Provincial Council), the prefecture (Subdelegaci\u00f3n del Gobierno) of the province of Pontevedra as well as the Palace of Justice and the provincial district court (Audiencia Provincial), the provincial police station and the provincial administrative offices.", "Q2413243": "The Orchard (now The Orchard Music) is an American music and entertainment company, specializing in media distribution, marketing, and sales. It is a subsidiary of Sony Music, based in New York City. In 2019, the company sold off its film and television, which was renamed 1091 Media.\n\n", "Q254412": "Julie Ege (Norwegian pronunciation: [j\u0289\u02d0li\u0259 \u02c8\u00e8\u02d0\u0261\u0259]; 12 November 1943 \u2013 29 April 2008) was a Norwegian actress and model, who appeared in many British films of the 1960s and 1970s.", "Q232797": "Haley Loraine Keeling (born January 7, 1988), known professionally as Haley Bennett, is an American actress and singer. She made her film debut as pop star Cora Corman in the romantic comedy Music and Lyrics (2007) and has since appeared in the films The Haunting of Molly Hartley (2008), College (2008), The Hole (2009), Kaboom (2010), The Equalizer (2014), Kristy (2014), Hardcore Henry (2015), The Magnificent Seven (2016), The Girl on the Train (2016), Thank You for Your Service (2017), and Swallow (2019).", "Q44657": "Uri Geller (; Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d2\u05dc\u05e8\u200e; born 20 December 1946) is an Israeli-British illusionist, magician, television personality, and self-proclaimed psychic. He is known for his trademark television performances of spoon bending and other illusions. Geller uses conjuring tricks to simulate the effects of psychokinesis and telepathy. Geller's career as an entertainer has spanned more than four decades, with television shows and appearances in many countries. In 2015, FISM (the International Federation of Magical Societies) invited Uri Geller to deliver an inspirational, motivational lecture to over 1500 Magicians at FISM Italy. Geller admitted that he is a magician and can perform seven tricks.", "Q137657": "Heather Vandeven (born September 6, 1981) is an American model, mainstream actress, and pornographic actress. She was chosen as a Penthouse Pet of the Month in 2006 and later became the magazine's 2007 Pet of the Year.", "Q44131": "Werner Herzog (German: [\u02c8v\u025b\u0250\u032fn\u0250 \u02c8h\u025b\u0250\u032ftso\u02d0k]; born 5 September 1942) is a German film director, screenwriter, author, actor, and opera director. Herzog is a figure of the New German Cinema. His films often feature ambitious protagonists with impossible dreams, people with unique talents in obscure fields, or individuals who are in conflict with nature.Werner Herzog made his first film in 1961 at the age of 19. Since then he has produced, written, and directed more than sixty feature films and documentaries, such as Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972), Heart of Glass (1976), Nosferatu the Vampyre (1978), Fitzcarraldo (1982), Lessons of Darkness (1992), Little Dieter Needs to Fly (1997), My Best Fiend (1999), Invincible (2000), Grizzly Man (2005), Encounters at the End of the World (2007), Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2009), and Cave of Forgotten Dreams (2010). He has published more than a dozen books of prose, and directed as many operas.\nFrench filmmaker Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut once called Herzog \"the most important film director alive.\" American film critic Roger Ebert said that Herzog \"has never created a single film that is compromised, shameful, made for pragmatic reasons, or uninteresting. Even his failures are spectacular.\"He was named one of the world's 100 most influential people by Time magazine in 2009.\n\n", "Q1322959": "Nikolai Anisimovich Shchelokov (\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0429\u0451\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432; 26 November 1910 \u2013 13 December 1984) was a Soviet statesman and Army General, who also served as interior minister for sixteen years from 17 September 1966 to 17 December 1982. He was fired from all posts on corruption charges and committed suicide on 13 December 1984.", "Q4648165": "A. Maceo Walker (June 7, 1909 \u2013 June 8, 1994) was an African-American businessman who led expansion of the Universal Life Insurance Company, founded by his father Joseph Edison Walker in Memphis, Tennessee. Together with his father in 1946, he founded the Tri-State Bank of Memphis, still a going concern.\nBefore joining his father full-time in the business, Walker earned master's degrees in business and actuarial science. When he started work in 1935, he was the only black actuary in Tennessee.", "Q128777": "Philippe Antoine d'Ornano, 1st Comte d'Ornano (January 17, 1784 \u2013 October 13, 1863) was a French soldier and political figure who rose to the rank of Marshal of France. He was made Count d'Ornano of the French Empire in 1808. He was born a son of Lodovico Antonio Ornano and Isabella Maria Buonaparte, making him a second cousin of Napoleon Bonaparte.", "Q96077": "Johannes Leunclavius (c.1533'/41\u20131594) was a German historian and orientalist. He was an expert in Turkish history, republishing and annotating Ottoman sources. He also edited Xenophon, Cassius Dio and other classical authors.\nHe also published 'Historiae Musulmanae Turcorum, de monumentis ipsorum exscriptae, libri XVIII.'\nLeunclavius accompanied the nobleman Heinrich von Lichtenstein on a diplomatic mission to Istanbul, staying there from October 1584 to April 1585.He was a friend of Friedrich Sylburg, who published his translation of Zosimus.", "Q1566398": "Selmer Adolf Jackson (May 7, 1888 \u2013 March 30, 1971) was an American stage film and television actor. He appeared in nearly 400 films between 1921 and 1963. His name was sometimes spelled Selmar Jackson.Jackson was born in Lake Mills, Iowa and died in Burbank, California from a heart attack.Jackson gained early acting experience in stock theater, working with groups such as the Des Moines Stock Company. Jackson's screen debut was in the silent film The Supreme Passion (1921).On March 30, 1971, Jackson died of a heart attack in Burbank, California. He was 82.", "Q99344": "Valerie Boothby (born Wally Drucker, 18 October 1904 \u2013 14 April 1982) was a German actress, painter, and author.", "Q214750": "Franz Joseph Molitor, or Joseph Franz Molitor (July 7, 1779 in Oberursel/Taunus \u2013 March 23, 1860 in Frankfurt/Main) was a German writer and philosopher.", "Q193687": "Lys Assia (born Rosa Mina Sch\u00e4rer; 3 March 1924 \u2013 24 March 2018) was a Swiss singer who won the first Eurovision Song Contest in 1956. Assia was born in Rupperswil, Aargau, and began her stage career as a dancer, but changed to singing in 1940, after successfully standing in for a female singer.", "Q598525": "Bremgarten District is a Swiss district in the Canton of Aargau, corresponding to the valleys of the Reuss and B\u00fcnz rivers in the area known as the Freiamt.", "Q182952": "Love Is the Drug (also known as Addicted to Her Love) is a 2006 American drama produced by Box Office Productions and Alpine Pictures. Directed by Elliott Lester, it was filmed in Los Angeles, California. It was previewed at the Slamdance Film Festival in January 2006 before being released theatrically on a limited basis in Seattle, Washington on October 6, 2006. Starring John Patrick Amedori, Lizzy Caplan, and D.J. Cotrona, the film tells the story of a social outcast who becomes obsessed with a pretty wealthy girl and begins stealing drugs for her friends to be near her. It received mixed reviews from critics.", "Q235946": "Elizabeth Bishop (February 8, 1911 \u2013 October 6, 1979) was an American poet and short-story writer. She was Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress from 1949 to 1950, the Pulitzer Prize winner for Poetry in 1956, the National Book Award winner in 1970, and the recipient of the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 1976. Dwight Garner argued that she was perhaps \u201cthe most purely gifted poet of the 20th century.\u201d", "Q204543": "The National Liberation Front (Arabic: \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u200e Jabhatu l-Ta\u1e25r\u012bri l-Wa\u1e6dan\u012b; French: Front de lib\u00e9ration nationale, FLN) is a nationalist political party in Algeria. It was the principal nationalist movement during the Algerian War and the sole legal and the ruling political party of the Algerian state until other parties were legalised in 1989. The FLN was established in 1954 from a split in the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties from members of the Special Organisation paramilitary; its armed wing, the National Liberation Army, participated in the Algerian War from 1954 to 1962. After the \u00c9vian Accords of 1962, the party purged internal dissent and ruled Algeria as a one-party state. After the 1988 October Riots and the Algerian Civil War (1991-2002) against Islamist groups, the FLN was reelected to power in the 2002 Algerian legislative election, and has generally remained in power ever since, although sometimes needing to form coalitions with other parties.", "Q89157": "Heinrich Anacker (29 January 1901 \u2014 14 January 1971) was a Swiss-German author.\nAnacker was born in Buchs, Aargau. He entered National Socialist circles in Vienna in 1922, joined the SA, and after 1933 lived in Berlin as a freelance writer. He wrote a spate of SA and Hitler Youth songs and was considered the \"lyricist of the Brown Front\"; he won the 1934 Dietrich Eckart Prize and the 1936 NSDAP Prize for Art. Nonetheless, after the war he was classified as only minimally incriminated. His poetry collections include Die Trommel (The Drum; 1931), Der Aufbau (Uplift; 1936), and Gl\u00fcck auf, es geht gen Morgen (Hurrah, It Will Soon Be Morning; 1943).\n\nBrothers, what will remain from our time?\nRunes will forever glow!\nOur bodies will disappear\nAs dust in the winds they will blow.It was we who built the streets,\nThat our grandchildren first saw complete;\nAlong them, cars will boldly whiz,\nFor a hundred and a thousand years.\nWhat we wrote in inflexible deeds\nUnshaken will ever remain,\nForever, beginning and amen,\nThe most vivid rune: The F\u00fchrer's name!\u2014 \"Brothers, What Will Remain?\" in Das Schwarze Korps, 14 August 1935.\nHe died in Wasserburg am Bodensee, aged 69.", "Q1238": "Giuseppe Saragat (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bppe \u02c8sa\u02d0ra\u0261at]; 19 September 1898, Turin \u2013 11 June 1988, Rome) was an Italian politician who was the fifth President of Italy from 1964 to 1971.", "Q91718": "Heidi Sch\u00fcller (born June 15, 1950 in Passau, Lower Bavaria) is a West German-German long jumper who competed in the early 1970s. She took the Athlete's Oath at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, the first for a woman in the Summer Olympics. Sch\u00fcller finished fifth in the women's long jump at those same games.\nAs of 2008, she lives in Aachen.\n\n", "Q113939": "Maximiliam Bern (November 11, 1849 \u2013 September 10, 1923) was a German writer and editor.\nHe was born in Kherson, Ukraine, where his father was a physician. Upon his father's death, his mother took him to Vienna to further his education. From 1869 to 1872 he studied philosophy and literature there, but had to drop out of school when the family fortune was lost. In 1873 he became a private tutor at an equestrian school. The success of his first novel Auf Schwankem Grunde, allowed him to become a freelance writer and travel extensively. From 1885-1887 he was in Paris and in the following year married an Austrian actress, Olga Wohlbr\u00fcck. In 1888, they settled in Berlin, where he continued to write prolifically.\nAfter spending his entire life savings (100,000 marks) on a single subway ticket around Old Berlin during the devastating period of hyperinflation in Germany, he returned to his apartment where, unable to support himself, he starved to death.None of his works have been translated into English.\n\n", "Q472856": "Giacomo Debenedetti (1901\u20131967) was born in a Jewish family in Biella region of Piemonte Italy.\nHe became an Italian journalist, literary critic and author of the short books October 16, 1943\u2014an account of the deportation of Roman Jews shortly after the occupation of Rome by the Nazi army\u2014and Eight Jews, a critique of Raffale Alianello's defense of fascist Questore (Police Commissioner) Pietro Caruso at his trial for war crimes, on the basis that he had crossed eight Jewish names off of a list of Roman citizens slated for execution in the Ardeatine Caves Massacre.\nProbably the most important critic of 20th century Italy, he wrote the three series of Saggi critici (Critical Essays), published in 1929, 1945 and 1952. The university lessons taught in Messina and Rome appeared posthumous, edited by his wife Renata Orengo, among which Il romanzo del Novecento (20th Century Novel, 1971) takes on a central importance.", "Q708824": "William Jacob Busey Jr. (born June 15, 1971) is an American actor, musician, and film producer. Among his most prominent roles have been serial killer Johnny Bartlett in 1996's The Frighteners, Ace in 1997's Starship Troopers, Kyle in 2001's Tomcats, and Aiden Tanner in the 2014\u20132016 TV series From Dusk till Dawn: The Series.", "Q517770": "Alejandra Costamagna Crivelli (born 23 March 1970) is a Chilean writer and journalist.", "Q60087": "Hans Michael Frank (23 May 1900 \u2013 16 October 1946) was a German politician and lawyer who served as head of the General Government in Poland during the Second World War.\nFrank was an early member of the German Workers' Party, the precursor of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). He took part in the failed Beer Hall Putsch, and later became Adolf Hitler's personal legal adviser as well as the lawyer of the NSDAP. In 1933, Frank joined the Hitler Cabinet as Reich Minister without portfolio.\nAfter the German invasion of Poland in 1939, Frank was appointed Governor-General of the occupied Polish territories. During his tenure, he instituted a reign of terror against the civilian population and became directly involved in the mass murder of Jews. He engaged in the use of forced labour and oversaw four of the extermination camps; the policies of enslavement and extermination would later be used extensively in conquered territories of the Soviet Union. By 1942 Frank had lost Hitler's favour, but remained head of the General Government until its collapse in early 1945.\nAfter the war, Frank was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials. He was sentenced to death and executed by hanging in October 1946.", "Q236297": "Allene Damian \"Ally\" Walker (born August 25, 1961) is an American actress. She made her television debut in the NBC daytime soap opera, Santa Barbara (1988), before landing the leading roles on the short-lived dramas True Blue (1989\u20131990), and Moon Over Miami (1993).\nDuring the 1990s, Walker had roles in films such as Universal Soldier (1992), Singles (1992), When the Bough Breaks (1994), While You Were Sleeping (1995), Kazaam (1996), and Happy, Texas (1999). From 1996 to 1999, she played the leading role as Doctor Samantha Waters on the NBC crime drama series Profiler, for which she received Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television nomination. She returned to television with role in the HBO drama series Tell Me You Love Me (2007), and later played villainous Agent June Stahl in the FX crime drama, Sons of Anarchy (2008\u20132010). Walker also had the leading role in the short-lived Lifetime police drama series The Protector in 2011. During Seasons 4 and 5 (2014 and 2015) of Longmire, she played Dr. Donna Monaghan, a therapist treating veterans who is the title character's love interest.", "Q365803": "Clyde Martin Reed (October 19, 1871 \u2013 November 8, 1949) was an American politician from Kansas who served as both the 24th Governor of Kansas and U.S. Senator from that state.", "Q4340": "Andreas Capellanus (Capellanus meaning \"chaplain\"), also known as Andrew the Chaplain, and occasionally by a French translation of his name, Andr\u00e9 le Chapelain, was the 12th-century author of a treatise commonly known as De amore (\"About Love\"), and often known in English, somewhat misleadingly, as The Art of Courtly Love, though its realistic, somewhat cynical tone suggests that it is in some measure an antidote to courtly love. Little is known of Andreas Capellanus's life, but he is presumed to have been a courtier of Marie de Champagne, and probably of French origin.", "Q332783": "Lieutenant-Colonel John Jacob Astor V, 1st Baron Astor of Hever, DL (20 May 1886 \u2013 19 July 1971) was an American-born English newspaper proprietor, politician, sportsman, military officer, and a member of the Astor family.", "Q16002504": "Laylah Ali (born 1968, Buffalo, New York) is a contemporary visual artist known for paintings in which ambiguous race relations are depicted with a graphic clarity and cartoon strip format.\n\n", "Q70294": "Ingrid Caven (; born 3 August 1938) is a German film actress and singer. She is best known for her roles in several films directed by her husband, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, including Love Is Colder Than Death (1969), Why Does Herr R. Run Amok? (1970), and The American Soldier (1970). She continued to appear in Fassbinder's films after their 1972 divorce until his death in 1982. She has also appeared in Silent Night (1995), 35 Shots of Rum (2009) and Suspiria (2018).", "Q1242707": "Adrian Philip Scarborough (born 10 May 1968) is an English actor.\nHe has appeared in films including The Madness of King George (1994), Gosford Park (2001), Vera Drake (2004), The History Boys (2006), The Kings Speech (2010), Les Mis\u00e9rables (2012) and 1917 (2019). He is also known for his roles in television such as Cranford (2007\u20132009), Upstairs Downstairs (2010\u20132012), The Paradise (2013), Crashing (2016), A Very English Scandal (2018), and Killing Eve (2019).\nScarborough is also an accomplished theatre actor and won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in 2011 for his role in the Terence Rattigan play After the Dance. He will appear in Tom Stoppard's new play Leopoldstadt from January 2020 at Wyndham's Theatre in London.", "Q391028": "The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a public research university with campuses in Vancouver and Kelowna, British Columbia. Established in 1908, UBC is British Columbia's oldest university. The university ranks among the top three universities in Canada. With an annual research budget of $600 million, UBC funds over 8,000 projects a year.The Vancouver campus is situated in the University Endowment Lands, about 10 km (6 mi) west of Downtown Vancouver. UBC is home to TRIUMF, Canada's national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics, which houses the world's largest cyclotron. In addition to the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies and Stuart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, UBC and the Max Planck Society collectively established the first Max Planck Institute in North America, specializing in quantum materials. One of the largest research libraries in Canada, the UBC Library system has over 9.9 million volumes among its 21 branches. The Okanagan campus, acquired in 2005, is located in Kelowna, British Columbia.\nAs of 2017, eight Nobel laureates, 71 Rhodes scholars, 65 Olympians, ten fellows in both American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the Royal Society, and 208 fellows to the Royal Society of Canada have been affiliated with UBC. Three Canadian prime ministers, including Canada's first female prime minister Kim Campbell and current prime minister Justin Trudeau have been educated at UBC.", "Q196933": "The Talk of the Town is a 1942 American comedy-drama film directed by George Stevens and starring Cary Grant, Jean Arthur, and Ronald Colman, with a supporting cast featuring Edgar Buchanan and Glenda Farrell. The screenplay was adapted by Dale Van Every, Irwin Shaw, and Sidney Buchman from a story by Sidney Harmon. The picture was released by Columbia Pictures. This was the second time that Grant and Arthur were paired in a film, after Only Angels Have Wings (1939).", "Q779011": "The Principality of Montenegro (Serbian: \u041a\u045a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0426\u0440\u043da \u0413\u043e\u0440a / Knja\u017eevina Crna Gora) was a former realm in Southeastern Europe that existed from 13 March 1852 to 28 August 1910. It was then proclaimed a kingdom by Nikola I, who then became king.\nThe capital was Cetinje and the Montenegrin perper was used as state currency from 1906. The territory corresponded to the central area of modern Montenegro. It was a constitutional monarchy, but de facto absolutist.", "Q487363": "Led Apple (Korean: \ub808\ub4dc\uc560\ud50c) was a three-member South Korean rock band formed by Starkim Entertainment in 2010 originally as LEDApple. The band's final lineup consisted of Seo Youngjun (Jun), Lee Kyumin (Kei) and Kim Hyoseok (AKi)\nThe part \"Led\" in LEDApple stood for \"Logic Egoism Delete\" and was promoted during their debut but they stopped referring to it since their CODA mini-album was released. Instead they replaced it with a practical explanation of \"shining as brightly as LED whenever they perform\" which was eventually referred to as a tribute to their role-model, Led Zeppelin. The word \"Apple\" in the band's name is supposed to represent their fresh image as idols and fresh music that they release. On August 16, 2015 it was announced that the band would be changing their name to LedT starting on September 1, 2015.The band made their debut on October 6, 2010 with their promotional single, \"Dash\" (Korean: \ub300\uc26c), a remake of Baek Ji-young's song of the same name. Since their debut, the band have released six singles and three mini-albums. The group disbanded March 6, 2016.", "Q730377": "Vasiliy Gavrilovich Grabin (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d; 9 January [O.S. 28 December 1899] 1900 \u2013 18 April 1980) was a Soviet artillery designer. He led a design bureau (TsAKB) at Joseph Stalin Factory No. 92 in Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod).\nGrabin was chief designer of ZiS-3, the 76.2 mm (3.00 in) divisional field gun, which was the most numerous cannon of World War II (over 103,000 cannons were built).\nGrabin was the first who used ergonomics in cannon construction (before the word ergonomics appears). In the 1930s he used physiologist consultation to optimize the design of cannons.", "Q653820": "Ari Libsker (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e8\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d1\u05e1\u05e7\u05e8, born 1972 in Haifa), is an Israeli filmmaker and journalist. He has made several documentaries. His film Stalags (2008) featured in The New York Times and won several awards. In March 2012 he curated the exhibition \"Iran\", which protests what he views as \"panic over the Iranian atomic bomb.\"", "Q60093": "Konrad Zuse (German: [\u02c8k\u0254n\u0281at \u02c8tsu\u02d0z\u0259]; 22 June 1910 \u2013 18 December 1995) was a German civil engineer, pioneering computer scientist, inventor and businessman. His greatest achievement was the world's first programmable computer; the functional program-controlled Turing-complete Z3 became operational in May 1941. Thanks to this machine and its predecessors, Zuse has often been regarded as the inventor of the modern computer.Zuse was also noted for the S2 computing machine, considered the first process control computer. He founded one of the earliest computer businesses in 1941, producing the Z4, which became the world's first commercial computer. From 1943 to 1945 he designed the first high-level programming language, Plankalk\u00fcl. In 1969, Zuse suggested the concept of a computation-based universe in his book Rechnender Raum (Calculating Space).\nMuch of his early work was financed by his family and commerce, but after 1939 he was given resources by the Nazi German government. Due to World War II, Zuse's work went largely unnoticed in the United Kingdom and the United States. Possibly his first documented influence on a US company was IBM's option on his patents in 1946.\nThere is a replica of the Z3, as well as the original Z4, in the Deutsches Museum in Munich. The Deutsches Technikmuseum in Berlin has an exhibition devoted to Zuse, displaying twelve of his machines, including a replica of the Z1 and several of Zuse's paintings.\n\n", "Q380125": "Sungha Jung (Korean: \uc815\uc131\ud558; born 2 September 1996) is a South Korean musician who specializes in acoustic fingerstyle guitar. Jung creates acoustic covers and arrangements, typically by ear and/or by watching videos, and composes original songs, which he plays and uploads online. He is often described as a guitar prodigy, though he prefers to be known as a \"guitarist\" rather than a \"prodigy.\" His YouTube channel currently has more than 6.18 million subscribers.", "Q517764": "Robert \"Rob\" C. Pike (born 1956) is a Canadian programmer and author. He is best known for his work on the Go programming language and at Bell Labs, where he was a member of the Unix team and was involved in the creation of the Plan 9 from Bell Labs and Inferno operating systems, as well as the Limbo programming language.\nHe also co-developed the Blit graphical terminal for Unix; before that he wrote the first window system for Unix in 1981. Pike is the sole inventor named in US patent 4,555,775.Over the years Pike has written many text editors; sam and acme are the most well known and are still in active use and development.\nPike, with Brian Kernighan, is the co-author of The Practice of Programming and The Unix Programming Environment. With Ken Thompson he is the co-creator of UTF-8. Pike also developed lesser systems such as the vismon program for displaying faces of email authors.\nPike also appeared once on Late Night with David Letterman, as a technical assistant to the comedy duo Penn & Teller.\nPike works for Google, where he is involved in the creation of the programming languages Go and Sawzall.Pike is married to author and illustrator Ren\u00e9e French; the couple live in both the US and Australia.", "Q6954704": "NMC Music (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05df \u05d0\u05dd \u05e1\u05d9\u200e) is an Israeli record label. It was established in 1964 as a subsidiary company of CBS, and became independent in 1988. \nAmong influential artist represented by NMC are:\nMashina, Yehuda Poliker, Shlomi Shabat, Chava Alberstein, Ehud Banai, Meir Banai and T-Slam.", "Q124159": "Henry Egon Friedlander (24 September 1930 \u2013 17 October 2012) was a German-American Jewish historian of the Holocaust who was noted for his arguments in favor of broadening the scope of casualties of the Holocaust.\nBorn in Berlin, Germany, to a Jewish family, Friedlander moved to the United States in 1947 as a survivor of Auschwitz, obtaining his BA in history at Temple University in 1953 and his MA and PhD at the University of Pennsylvania in 1954 and 1968.From 1975 until his retirement in 2001, Friedlander served as a professor in the department of Judaic studies at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York.", "Q442759": "Amelia Jenks Bloomer (May 27, 1818 \u2013 December 30, 1894) was an American women's rights and temperance advocate. Even though she did not create the women's clothing reform style known as bloomers, her name became associated with it because of her early and strong advocacy. In her work with The Lily, she became the first woman to own, operate and edit a newspaper for women.", "Q518457": "Andr\u00e9 Dussollier (born 17 February 1946) is a French actor.", "Q3309369": "Gregorio Pacheco Leyes (4 July 1823 \u2013 20 August 1899) was the constitutional President of Bolivia from 1884 to 1888. A native of Livilivi, Province of Potos\u00ed, Pacheco won a disputed election that was a virtual three-way tie between him, Conservative leader Aniceto Arce, and Liberal chief Eliodoro Camacho. Pacheco was self-made a wealthy man (he was born poor) and the country's foremost philanthropist. He made his money purchasing shares in defunct silver mines which he rehabilitated. By the mid 19th century Pacheco emerged as a wealthy, efficient, progressive, and pragmatic silver tycoon. Bolivia's state of instability, fraught with coups and international conflicts concerned him greatly.", "Q1574788": "Hande \u00d6zy\u00fcrek (born 1976) is a Turkish violinist. She has been a member of the Munich Radio Orchestra (German: M\u00fcnchner Rundfunkorchester) since 2003 and has released a solo CD. She also teaches at the Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University. \u00d6zy\u00fcrek was named the winner of the 15th Vienna Music Competition in 2007.", "Q313981": "Robert Dennis Harris (born 7 March 1957) is an English novelist. He is a former journalist and BBC television reporter. Although he began his career in non-fiction, his fame rests upon his works of historical fiction. Beginning with the best-seller Fatherland, Harris focused on events surrounding the Second World War, followed by works set in ancient Rome. His most recent works centre on contemporary history. Harris was educated at Selwyn College, Cambridge, where he was president of the Union and editor of the student newspaper Varsity.", "Q4934689": "Shirin Akiner (16 June 1943 \u2013 6 April 2019) was a scholar of Central Asia and Belarus. She was a Research Associate at London University's School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS).\n\n", "Q570927": "Donald McKay (September 4, 1810 \u2013 September 20, 1880) was a Canadian-born American designer and builder of sailing ships, famed for his record-setting clippers.", "Q191084": "Val Edward Kilmer (born December 31, 1959) is an American actor, musician and artist. Originally a stage actor, Kilmer became popular in the mid-1980s after a string of appearances in comedy films, starting with Top Secret! (1984) and Real Genius (1985), as well as the military action film Top Gun (1986), the fantasy film Willow (1988), and the western Tombstone (1993).\nSome of his other notable film roles include Jim Morrison in The Doors (1991), an apparition of Elvis Presley in True Romance (1993), Chris Shiherlis in Heat (1995), Bruce Wayne / Batman in Batman Forever (1995), Simon Templar in The Saint (1997), Moses in The Prince of Egypt (1998), \"Gay Perry\" in Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (2005), and Dieter Von Cunth in MacGruber (2010).", "Q1349134": "Juliusz Machulski (born 10 March 1955 in Olsztyn) is a Polish film director and screenplay writer. Son of noted actor Jan Machulski, Juliusz became notable for his comedies ridiculing the life in communist-ruled Poland of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Q16105": "Bad Nauheim is a town in the Wetteraukreis district of Hesse state of Germany.", "Q126996": "Herbert Frankenhauser (born July 23, 1945 in Munich, Bavaria) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He is a member of the Bundestag.", "Q350674": "Adam Chance Angus Rayner (born 28 August 1977) is an English actor, who has appeared on television in Mistresses, At Home with the Braithwaites and Making Waves. He has also appeared on stage in The Rivals (Bristol Old Vic, 2004), Romeo and Juliet (Royal Shakespeare Theatre, 2006) and Much Ado About Nothing (Novello, 2006).\nRayner studied at Durham University and after graduating completed a two-year acting course at LAMDA.He made an appearance as 'Dr. Gail' in the 2010 Christmas Special 'The Perfect Christmas' episode of the award winning BBC sitcom Miranda alongside Sally Phillips, Miranda Hart, Tom Ellis, Sarah Hadland and Patricia Hodge, and his character returned in the fourth episode of the third series, titled \"Je Regret Nothing\".In November 2012, it was announced that Rayner was cast as Simon Templar in a pilot for a new television series of The Saint, based on the character. Principal photography began on Monday, 17 December 2012 in Pacific Palisades, California. Executive producer Roger Moore was unable to sell the pilot, and Rayner was cast as the lead in the FX television series, Tyrant, which ran from June 2014 to September 2016.\nRayner's mother is American and father is English and also holds a dual citizenship for the United Kingdom and the United States. He married actress Lucy Brown, on New Year's Eve 2015. They have a son together, Jack, born 28 December 2014, and a daughter, Annie Rose, born 11 July 2017. \n\n", "Q1453445": "Cefdinir, sold under the brand name Omnicef among others, is an antibiotic used to treat pneumonia, otitis media, strep throat, and cellulitis. It is a less preferred option for pneumonia, otitis media, and strep throat which may be used in those with a severe allergy to penicillin. It is taken by mouth.Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, and a skin rash. Serious side effects may include Clostridioides difficile infection, anaphylaxis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is believed to be safe but has not been well studied. It is a third-generation cephalosporin and works by interfering with a bacteria's ability to make a cell wall resulting in its death.It was patented in 1979 and approved for medical use in 1991. It is available as a generic medication. In the United States the wholesale cost of ten days of medication is about US$9.40. In 2016 it was the 228th most prescribed medication in the United States with more than 2 million prescriptions.", "Q149389": "Gl\u00f3ria Maria Cl\u00e1udia Pires de Morais (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261l\u0254\u027ej\u0250 m\u0250\u02c8\u027ei.\u0250 \u02c8klawd\u0292\u0250 \u02c8pi\u027ei\u0292 d\u0292i mo\u02c8\u027eaj\u0283]); born 23 August 1963) is a Brazilian actress. She is best known for her roles in Rede Globo telenovelas such as Dancin' Days, Cabocla, Vale Tudo, Mulheres de Areia and O Rei do Gado. She is also known for starring in films such as Academy Award-nominated O Quatrilho, box-office hit Se Eu Fosse Voc\u00ea and its sequel, and Lula, Son of Brazil, which is the second most expensive Brazilian film of all time, after Nosso Lar.In 2013, she starred in the movie Reaching for the Moon along with Miranda Otto, and directed by Bruno Barreto.\nIn 2013, she was also honoured by Forbes Brazil as one of Brazil's most influential persons being ranked in the 28th position out of the 30 short-listed.", "Q116855": "J\u00fcrg Fortunat Federspiel (28 June 1931 \u2013 12 January 2007) was a Swiss writer, born in Kemptthal, Canton Zurich. Federspiel authored more than 20 novels and short story collections.Federspiel grew up in Davos and attended secondary school in Basel. From 1951 he worked as a journalist and film critic for several Swiss newspapers, and spent time in Germany, France, Great Britain, Ireland and the USA.\nHis first notable work was a collection of short stories, Orangen und Tode (\"Oranges and death\") in 1961. In the English-speaking world his best-known work was The Ballad of Typhoid Mary. A historical novel about the life of Mary Mallon, it was published in German in 1982, and published in English translation in 1983 by Random House.Towards the end of his life, he lived alternately in Basel and New York City. His last published book was Mond ohne Zeiger (\"Moon without hands\"), a collection of poetry in 2001. He suffered for years with severe diabetes and Parkinson's disease.Federspiel died on 25 February 2007 in Basel, having been missing since 12 January 2007. The cause of death was assumed to be suicide.", "Q62684": "Adolf H\u00fchnlein (12 September 1881 \u2013 18 June 1942) was a German soldier and Nazi Party (NSDAP) official. He was the Korpsf\u00fchrer (Corps Leader) of the National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK) from 1931 until his death in 1942.", "Q214744": "Karl Heinrich Heydenreich (19 February 1764, Stolpen \u2013 26 April 1801, Burgwerben) was a German philosopher and poet.Heydenreich was educated at the Thomasschule zu Leipzig and the University of Leipzig. In 1787 he became professor of philosophy at Leipzig. Writing works on Spinoza in the late 1780s, he became increasingly influenced by Immanuel Kant: his Betrachtungen (1790-1) was \"the first real example of a Kantian philosophical theology\". Forced to give up his professorship in 1797, he died unsalaried.", "Q73951": "Heinz Friedrich Ruppert Riesenhuber (born 1 December 1935) is a German politician (CDU) who served as Minister of Scientific Research under Chancellor Helmut Kohl from 1982 to 1993.", "Q9670": "Caroline Patricia Lucas (born 9 December 1960) is a British Green Party politician who has twice led the party and has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Brighton Pavilion since the 2010 general election. She was re-elected in the 2015, 2017 and 2019 general elections, increasing her majority each time.\nBorn in Malvern in Worcestershire, Lucas graduated from the University of Exeter and the University of Kansas before receiving a PhD from the University of Exeter in 1989. She joined the Green Party in 1986 and held various party roles, also serving on Oxfordshire County Council from 1993 to 1997. She was elected as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for South East England in 1999 and re-elected in 2004 and 2009, also serving as the party's Female Principal Speaker from 2003 to 2006 and from 2007 to 2008.\nLucas was elected the first leader of the Green Party in 2008 and was elected to represent the constituency of Brighton Pavilion in the 2010 general election, becoming the party's first MP. She stood down as party leader in 2012 to devote more time to her parliamentary duties and focus on an ultimately successful campaign to be re-elected as an MP. She returned as party leader from September 2016 to September 2018, sharing the post with Jonathan Bartley.\nShe is known as a campaigner and writer on green economics, localisation, alternatives to globalisation, trade justice, animal welfare and food. In her time as a politician and activist, she has worked with non-governmental organisations and think tanks, including the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and Oxfam.\n\n", "Q235952": "Gladys Maria Knight (born May 28, 1944), known as the \"Empress of Soul\", is an American singer, songwriter, actress, businesswoman, and author. A seven-time Grammy Award-winner, Knight is known for the hits she recorded during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s with her group Gladys Knight & the Pips, which also included her brother Merald \"Bubba\" Knight and cousins Edward Patten and William Guest.\nKnight has recorded two number-one Billboard Hot 100 singles (\"Midnight Train to Georgia\" and \"That's What Friends Are For\"), eleven number-one R&B singles, and six number-one R&B albums. She has won seven Grammy Awards (four as a solo artist and three with the Pips) and is an inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with The Pips. She also recorded the theme song for the 1989 James Bond film Licence to Kill. Knight is also listed as one of Rolling Stone magazine's 100 Greatest Singers of All Time.", "Q658975": "The University of Lausanne (UNIL; French: Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne) in Lausanne, Switzerland was founded in 1537 as a school of theology, before being made a university in 1890. As of fall 2017, about 15,000 students and 3,300 employees study and work at the university. Approximately 1,500 international students attend the university (120 nationalities), which has a wide curriculum including exchange programs with world-renowned universities.\nSince 2005, the University follows the requirements of the Bologna process. The 2011 Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked the University of Lausanne 116th globally. The CWTS Leiden Ranking 2015 ranks the University of Lausanne 11th in Europe and 41st globally, out of 750 universities.Together with the \u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL) the university forms a vast campus at the shores of Lake Geneva.", "Q52021": "The Kick (Korean: \ub354 \ud0a5; Thai: \u0e27\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e19\u0e40\u0e15\u0e30!!) is a 2011 Thai martial arts film, directed by Prachya Pinkaew. The film follows a Korean family of taekwondo experts who immigrate to Thailand.\n\n", "Q86516": "Irene Prador (16 July 1911, Vienna \u2013 8 July 1996, Berlin) was an Austrian-born actress and writer.", "Q74958": "Blood Diamond is a 2006 political war thriller film co-produced and directed by Edward Zwick and starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Jennifer Connelly, and Djimon Hounsou. The title refers to blood diamonds, which are diamonds mined in war zones and sold to finance conflicts, and thereby profit warlords and diamond companies across the world.\nSet during the Sierra Leone Civil War in 1991\u20132002, the film depicts a country torn apart by the struggle between government loyalists and insurgent forces. It also portrays many of the atrocities of that war, including the rebels' amputation of people's hands to discourage them from voting in upcoming elections.\nThe film's ending, in which a conference is held concerning blood diamonds, refers to a historic meeting that took place in Kimberley, South Africa, in 2000. It led to development of the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme, which sought to certify the origin of rough diamonds in order to curb the trade in conflict diamonds, but has since been mostly abandoned as ineffective.The film received mixed but generally favorable reviews, with praise for the performances of DiCaprio and Hounsou. The film received five Oscar nominations, including Best Actor for DiCaprio and Best Supporting Actor for Hounsou.", "Q7377432": "Rudolph Leibel (born 1942) is the Christopher J. Murphy Professor of Diabetes Research, Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine at Columbia University Medical Center, and Director of the Division of Molecular Genetics in the Department of Pediatrics. He is also Co-Director of the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Executive Director of the Russell and Angelica Berrie Program in Cellular Therapy, Co-Director of the New York Obesity Research Center and the Columbia University Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center.Leibel's co-discovery at Rockefeller University of the hormone leptin, and cloning of the leptin and leptin receptor genes, has had a major role in the area of understanding human obesity. Leibel has published hundreds of scientific papers on obesity, and has authored and co-authored 70 scientific papers on the topic of leptin specifically.", "Q178632": "Lawrence Jack Smith (born April 25, 1941) is an American politician and a former member of the United States House of Representatives from Florida.\nHe attended public schools in East Meadow, New York. He attended New York University in New York City from 1958 to 1961. He graduated with a Bachelor of Laws and a J.D. from Brooklyn Law School in 1964. He was admitted to the New York bar in 1964 and he commenced practice in New York City. In 1972, he was admitted to the Florida bar, and from 1974 until 1978, he was chairman of the Hollywood (Fl.) Planning and Zoning Board. From 1978 until 1982, he served in the Florida House of Representatives.Lawrence Smith was a delegate to seven Democratic National Conventions from 1980 to 2004. He was elected as a Democrat to the 98th United States Congress and to the four succeeding Congresses. He served from January 3, 1983 until January 3, 1993. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1992 to the 103rd United States Congress.\nSmith announced his retirement from Congress after revelations of bounced checks in connection with the House banking scandal and improper use of campaign funds. He pleaded guilty on May 25, 1993 to one count each of tax evasion and filing false campaign reports and was sentenced to three months in prison.Currently, he is a resident of Hollywood, Florida. He has practiced in New York and Florida. He operated his own law offices which were based in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Tallahassee, Florida, and Washington, D.C.. From 2012 until his retirement he practiced law with the law firm of Kelley Kronenberg serving as Special Counsel and Government Relations Liaison in Fort Lauderdale.", "Q6225": "Coventry ( (listen) KOV-\u0259n-tree or KUV-) is a city, administrative centre and metropolitan borough in England and the United Kingdom. It is built on the River Sherbourne, which remains largely hidden by infrastructure, although it can be seen by the canal. Coventry has been a large settlement for centuries, although it was not founded and given its city status until the Middle Ages; since then it has been one of the most important and largest cities of the country. The conurbation consists of the Coventry and Bedworth Urban Area, being the 20th largest in the country; the city is governed by Coventry City Council.\nHistorically part of Warwickshire, at the 2011 census Coventry had a population of 316,915, making it the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is the second largest city in the West Midlands region, after Birmingham, and although proximate to the West Midlands conurbation, it is just outside it.\nCoventry is 19 miles (31 km) east-southeast of Birmingham, 24 miles (39 km) southwest of Leicester, 11 miles (18 km) north of Warwick and 94 miles (151 km) northwest of London. Coventry is also the most central city in England, being only 11 miles (18 km) south-southwest of the country's geographical centre in Leicestershire; it is located in the West Midlands.The current Coventry Cathedral was built after most of the 14th century cathedral church of Saint Michael was destroyed by the Luftwaffe in the Coventry Blitz of 14 November 1940. Coventry motor companies have contributed significantly to the British motor industry. The city has three universities, Coventry University in the city centre, the University of Warwick on the southern outskirts and the smaller private Arden University, with its headquarters close to Coventry Airport.\nOn 7 December 2017, the city won the title of UK City of Culture 2021, after beating Paisley, Stoke-on-Trent, Swansea and Sunderland to the title. It will be the third title holder of the quadrennial award which began in 2013.\n\n", "Q573590": "Anthony Marwood is a British solo violinist.\nHe was educated at King Edward VI Grammar School in Chelmsford, at the Royal Academy of Music and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. His teachers included Emanuel Hurwitz and David Takeno.Marwood was artistic director of the Irish Chamber Orchestra from 2006 to 2011. From 1995 to 2012, he was a member of the Florestan Trio with Susan Tomes and Richard Lester. Marwood has performed contemporary violin concertos by Samuel Adams (composer), Sally Beamish, and Steven Mackey. Thomas Ad\u00e8s composed his violin concerto ('Concentric Paths') for Marwood. He has recorded commercially for such labels as Hyperion and EMI Classics.In 2006, Marwood won the Royal Philharmonic Society's Instrumentalist of the Year Award. In the Queen's New Year's Honours List 2018, he was given an MBE.", "Q379580": "John Muir ( MEWR; April 21, 1838 \u2013 December 24, 1914) also known as \"John of the Mountains\" and \"Father of the National Parks\", was an influential Scottish-American naturalist, author, environmental philosopher, glaciologist, and early advocate for the preservation of wilderness in the United States of America.\nHis letters, essays, and books describing his adventures in nature, especially in the Sierra Nevada, have been read by millions. His activism has helped to preserve the Yosemite Valley, Sequoia National Park and many other wilderness areas. The Sierra Club, which he co-founded, is a prominent American conservation organization. In his later life, Muir devoted most of his time to the preservation of the Western forests. As part of the campaign to make Yosemite a national park, Muir published two landmark articles on wilderness preservation in The Century Magazine, \"The Treasures of the Yosemite\" and \"Features of the Proposed Yosemite National Park\"; this helped support the push for U.S. Congress to pass a bill in 1890 establishing Yosemite National Park. The spiritual quality and enthusiasm toward nature expressed in his writings has inspired readers, including presidents and congressmen, to take action to help preserve large nature areas.John Muir has been considered \"an inspiration to both Scots and Americans\". Muir's biographer, Steven J. Holmes, believes that Muir has become \"one of the patron saints of twentieth-century American environmental activity,\" both political and recreational. As a result, his writings are commonly discussed in books and journals, and he is often quoted by nature photographers such as Ansel Adams. \"Muir has profoundly shaped the very categories through which Americans understand and envision their relationships with the natural world,\" writes Holmes.Muir was noted for being an ecological thinker, political spokesman, and religious prophet, whose writings became a personal guide into nature for countless individuals, making his name \"almost ubiquitous\" in the modern environmental consciousness. According to author William Anderson, Muir exemplified \"the archetype of our oneness with the earth\", while biographer Donald Worster says he believed his mission was \"saving the American soul from total surrender to materialism.\" On April 21, 2013, the first ever John Muir Day was celebrated in Scotland, which marked the 175th anniversary of his birth, paying homage to the conservationist.", "Q7096660": "Operace Silver A is a Czech drama film directed by Ji\u0159\u00ed Strach. It was released in 2007.", "Q161363": "Zbigniew Herbert (IPA: [\u02c8zbi\u0261\u0272\u025bf \u02c8x\u025brb\u025brt] (listen); 29 October 1924 \u2013 28 July 1998) was a Polish poet, essayist, drama writer and moralist. A member of the Polish resistance movement, Home Army (AK), during World War II, he is one of the best known and the most translated post-war Polish writers. While he was first published in the 1950s (a volume titled Chord of Light was issued in 1956), soon after he voluntarily ceased submitting most of his works to official Polish government publications. He resumed publication in the 1980s, initially in the underground press. Since the 1960s, he was nominated several times for the Nobel Prize in literature. His books have been translated into 38 languages.Herbert claimed to be a distant relative of the 17th-century Anglo-Welsh poet George Herbert.Herbert was educated as an economist and a lawyer. Herbert was one of the main poets of the Polish opposition to communism. Starting in 1986, he lived in Paris, where he cooperated with the journal Zeszyty Literackie. He came back to Poland in 1992.\nOn 1 July 2007 the Polish Government instituted 2008 as the Year of Zbigniew Herbert. In 2013, the Zbigniew Herbert International Literary Award was established in honour of the poet and his literary legacy.", "Q290322": "Malaika Arora is an Indian actress, dancer, model, VJ, and television personality, who is best known for her all-rounded work throughout Hindi cinema. She made her debut as a film producer in 2008, with former husband Arbaaz Khan, founding the company Arbaaz Khan Productions, which has created the Dabangg film series. As an actress, Arora has starred in main roles in films Kaante (2002) and EMI (2008). As a dancer, she is acclaimed for her performances in the songs Chaiyya Chaiyya (1998), Gur Naalo Ishq Mitha (1998), Maahi Ve (2002), Kaal Dhamaal (2005), and Munni Badnaam Hui (2010).", "Q1501471": "Douglas Lee Dorman (September 15, 1942 \u2013 December 21, 2012) was an American bass guitarist best known as a member of the rock band Iron Butterfly. He also played in the band Captain Beyond. Dorman was from St. Louis, Missouri, and moved to San Diego, California in the 1960s. He began playing bass guitar in his teens. While recording In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida, Dorman assisted Erik Brann with the arrangement of Brann's song \"Termination,\" and was given a co-writing credit.\nDorman died of natural causes in his car in Laguna Niguel, California.", "Q100789": "Karl Zittel (21 June 1802, Schmieheim \u2013 28 August 1871, Karlsruhe) was a German theologian, who was a prominent figure in 19th century Liberal Protestantism. He was the father of paleontologist Karl Alfred von Zittel (1839\u20131904).\nHe studied theology at the University of Jena, and in 1834 became a pastor in Bahlingen. From 1842 onward, he was a member of the second chamber in the Baden St\u00e4ndeversammlung, where in September 1845, he made a proposal in favor of Religionsfreiheit (freedom of religion), a motion that gained notoriety at the time. In 1848 he became a pastor in Heidelberg, and during the same year, became a member of the Frankfurt Parliament as a representative of Karlsruhe.He was co-founder of the Protestantenvereins (German Protestant Association), of which, he was a committee member up until his death in 1871. From 1857 to 1865, he was an editor of the popular journal Der Sonntagabend.", "Q87608": "Martin Jankowski (born 1965 in Greifswald) is a German writer and poet.", "Q55996": "Naturalism is a literary movement beginning in the late nineteenth century, similar to literary realism in its rejection of Romanticism, but distinct in its embrace of determinism, detachment, scientific objectivism, and social commentary. The movement largely traces to the theories of French author \u00c9mile Zola.", "Q90374": "Eva L\u00f6bau (born 26 April 1972 in Waiblingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, West Germany) is an Austrian actress. She appeared as Nurse Gretchen Erfurt in the 2011 film Unknown which is set in the German capital city of Berlin.", "Q232783": "Maria Felicia Malibran (24 March 1808 \u2013 23 September 1836) was a Spanish singer who commonly sang both contralto and soprano parts, and was one of the best-known opera singers of the 19th century. Malibran was known for her stormy personality and dramatic intensity, becoming a legendary figure after her death at age 28. Contemporary accounts of her voice describe its range, power and flexibility as extraordinary.", "Q489428": "DSP Media (Hangul: DSP \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4), is a South Korean entertainment company established in 1991 by Lee Ho-yeon. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house.\nThe label is home to prominent artists such as Oh Jong-hyuk, APRIL, Heo Young-ji, KARD and formerly to pioneering groups SoBangCha, ZAM, COCO, Fin.K.L and Sechskies as well as SS501, KARA, Rainbow and A-JAX. It also manages actors such as Lee Hyun-joo and Cho Shi-yoon. It's also home to former X1 member, Son Dong Pyo.", "Q294144": "Maria Ligaya Carmen Imutan Salonga, , (; born February 22, 1971) is a Filipina singer and actress, best known for her roles in musical theatre, for supplying the singing voices of two Disney Princesses (Jasmine and Mulan), and as a recording artist and television performer.\nAt age 18, she originated the lead role of Kim in the musical Miss Saigon, first in the West End and then on Broadway, winning the Olivier and Theatre World Awards, and becoming the first Asian woman to win a Tony Award. Salonga is the first Filipino artist to sign with an international record label (Atlantic Records in 1993).\nSalonga was the first actress of Asian descent to play the roles of \u00c9ponine and Fantine in the musical Les Mis\u00e9rables on Broadway. She also portrayed \u00c9ponine and Fantine, respectively, in the musical's 10th and 25th anniversary concerts in London. She provided the singing voices of two official Disney Princesses: Jasmine in Aladdin (1992) and Fa Mulan in Mulan (1998). She was named a Disney Legend in 2011 for her work with The Walt Disney Company. Salonga starred as Mei-li in the 2002 Broadway version of Flower Drum Song. She has played numerous other stage, film and TV roles in the US, the Philippines and elsewhere. She has toured widely in the title role of Cinderella, among other roles, and as a concert artist. From 2015 to 2016, she returned to Broadway in Allegiance, and from 2017 to 2019 she appeared in the Broadway revival of Once on This Island.", "Q123150": "Francesco Borromini (, Italian: [fran\u02c8t\u0283esko borro\u02c8mi\u02d0ni]), byname of Francesco Castelli (Italian: [ka\u02c8st\u025blli]; 25 September 1599 \u2013 2 August 1667), was an Italian architect born in the modern Swiss canton of Ticino who, with his contemporaries Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Pietro da Cortona, was a leading figure in the emergence of Roman Baroque architecture.A keen student of the architecture of Michelangelo and the ruins of Antiquity, Borromini developed an inventive and distinctive, if somewhat idiosyncratic, architecture employing manipulations of Classical architectural forms, geometrical rationales in his plans and symbolic meanings in his buildings. He seems to have had a sound understanding of structures, which perhaps Bernini and Cortona, who were principally trained in other areas of the visual arts, lacked. His soft lead drawings are particularly distinctive. He appears to have been a self-taught scholar, amassing a large library by the end of his life.\nHis career was constrained by his personality. Unlike Bernini who easily adopted the mantle of the charming courtier in his pursuit of important commissions, Borromini was both melancholic and quick in temper which resulted in him withdrawing from certain jobs, and his death was by suicide.\nProbably because his work was idiosyncratic, his subsequent influence was not widespread but is apparent in the Piedmontese works of Camillo-Guarino Guarini and, as a fusion with the architectural modes of Bernini and Cortona, in the late Baroque architecture of Northern Europe. Later critics of the Baroque, such as Francesco Milizia and the English architect Sir John Soane, were particularly critical of Borromini's work. From the late nineteenth century onwards, interest has revived in the works of Borromini and his architecture has become appreciated for its inventiveness.\n\n", "Q719083": "Mark Edward Kozelek (born January 24, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, record producer and occasional actor. He is best known as the vocalist and primary recording artist of the indie folk act Sun Kil Moon, with whom he has recorded ten studio albums, and as the vocalist, guitarist and founding member of the indie rock band Red House Painters, with whom he recorded six studio albums from 1989 until 2001.\nBorn and raised in Massillon, Ohio, Kozelek developed an interest in music as a child. Upon meeting drummer Anthony Koutsos in Atlanta, Georgia, the pair moved to San Francisco, California and formed Red House Painters alongside guitarist Gorden Mack and bass guitarist Jerry Vessel. Signing with record label 4AD, the band released four studio albums to critical acclaim. In 1996, Kozelek recorded the band's fifth studio album, Songs for a Blue Guitar, mostly alone. The release of the band's final studio album, Old Ramon (2001), was delayed for three years. In the interim, Kozelek recorded both an album and an EP of AC/DC cover songs.\nReconvening with Koutsos and Vessel, the trio continued performing under the new name of Sun Kil Moon, releasing their debut album, Ghosts of the Great Highway, in 2003. Inspired by classical guitar music, Kozelek recorded Sun Kil Moon's fourth studio album, Admiral Fell Promises (2010), as a solo act, and continued to record mostly alone on its follow-up, Among the Leaves (2012). The album introduced a deeply personal lyrical perspective, which continued on the collaborative solo releases, Perils from the Sea and Mark Kozelek & Desertshore, both released in 2013.\nIn 2014, Sun Kil Moon's sixth studio album, Benji, was released to widespread critical acclaim and increased exposure, with its follow-up, Universal Themes, featuring lengthy compositions and stream-of-consciousness lyrics. In 2016, Kozelek released a collaborative studio album with Jesu, titled Jesu/Sun Kil Moon.\nAcross his work in Sun Kil Moon, Red House Painters and his own solo material, Kozelek has released thirty studio albums. Many of his albums have been critically acclaimed, and some commentators have described him as one of the greatest songwriters of his generation.", "Q57159": "Gustav Adolf Bauer (listen ; 6 January 1870 \u2013 16 September 1944) was a German Social Democratic Party leader and 11th Chancellor of Germany from June 1919 to March 1920. He served as head of government for nine months. Prior to becoming head of government, Bauer had been Minister of Labour in the first democratically elected German cabinet. After his cabinet was brought down by the Kapp Putsch in March 1920, Bauer served as vice-chancellor, Minister of the Treasury, and Minister of Transportation in other cabinets of the Weimar Republic from May 1920 to November 1922. In 1924 and 1925 he was involved in the Barmat scandal.", "Q879352": "Bjarne Brustad (4 March 1895, in Kristiania, now Oslo \u2013 20 May 1978, in Oslo) was a Norwegian composer, violinist and violist. He played with symphonic orchestras in Stavanger and Oslo. In the 1920s he travelled to European cities such as Paris, Munich and Berlin, where he received musical inspiration and contacts. From 1928 to 1943, Brustad was viola soloist with Philharmonic Society Orchestra in Oslo. He wrote symphonies, compositions for violin and orchestra, chamber music and opera. His opera Atlantis was finished in 1945. After World War II he was also active in organizing work.As a teacher at the Oslo Conservatory of Music, his students included Bj\u00f8rn Fongaard and Trond \u00d8yen.", "Q547635": "Richard Harold Kirk (born 21 March 1956) is an English musician who has specialised in electronic music since the 1970s. He is best known as a member of the influential industrial music band Cabaret Voltaire, formed in 1973. He has subsequently released projects under his own name and as part of various groups, including Sweet Exorcist, in styles such as techno.", "Q76197": "Ludwig Bergstr\u00e4sser (23 February 1883, Altkirch, Alsace-Lorraine \u2013 23 March 1960, Darmstadt) was a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party.", "Q334480": "Sir George Reid (born 4 June 1939) is a Scottish politician. From February 1974 to May 1979 he served as a Scottish National Party Member of Parliament for Clackmannan and East Stirlingshire. He was elected in 1999 as a Member of the newly established Scottish Parliament as a regional MSP for Mid Scotland and Fife. From 2003 to 2007 he served as member for the Ochil constituency and was appointed as the Scottish Parliament's second Presiding Officer. He oversaw the completion of the new Parliament building at Holyrood and the move from The Mound to Holyrood in 2004.In May 2008, Reid was appointed as the Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland for the duration of the General Assembly's sitting that year. In 2009, he was appointed as Her Majesty's Lord Lieutenant of Clackmannanshire.\n\n", "Q230194": "Adrienne Monique Coleman (born November 13, 1980) is an American actress, dancer, singer, entrepreneur, and philanthropist best known for her co-starring role in Disney's High School Musical movies, in which she plays Taylor McKessie. Coleman also had a recurring role on The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, as a school girl named Mary\u2013Margaret, along with Ashley Tisdale. She also competed in the third edition of ABC's Dancing with the Stars, finishing in fourth place. Most recent, Coleman was named the first ever UN Youth Champion for the International Year of Youth and is currently on a world tour to raise awareness of challenges facing youth. Coleman launched her online talk show Gimme Mo' , a show dedicated to empowering today's youth on September 8, 2010.", "Q66384": "Tramelan is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).", "Q173767": "F\u00e9lix Rub\u00e9n Garc\u00eda Sarmiento (January 18, 1867 \u2013 February 6, 1916), known as Rub\u00e9n Dar\u00edo (US: dah-REE-oh, Spanish: [ru\u02c8\u03b2en da\u02c8\u027ei.o]), was a Nicaraguan poet who initiated the Spanish-American literary movement known as modernismo (modernism) that flourished at the end of the 19th century. Dar\u00edo has had a great and lasting influence on 20th-century Spanish literature and journalism. He has been praised as the \"Prince of Castilian Letters\" and undisputed father of the modernismo literary movement.", "Q1350303": "William Holly Johnson (born William Johnson; 9 February 1960) is an English artist, musician, and writer, best known as the lead vocalist of Frankie Goes to Hollywood, who achieved huge commercial success in the mid-1980s. Prior to that, in the late 1970s he was a bassist for the band Big in Japan. In 1989, Johnson's debut solo album, Blast, reached number one in the UK albums chart. Two singles from the album \u2013 \"Love Train\" and \"Americanos\" \u2013 reached the top 5 of the UK Singles Chart. In the 1990s he also embarked on writing, painting, and printmaking careers.", "Q861482": "Christopher Moore (born January 1, 1957) is an American writer of comic fantasy. He was born in Toledo, Ohio. He grew up in Mansfield, Ohio, and attended Ohio State University and Brooks Institute of Photography in Santa Barbara, California.\nAn only child, Moore learned to amuse himself with his imagination. He loved reading and his father brought him plenty of books from the library every week. He started writing around the age of twelve and realized that this was his talent by the time he was 16, and he began to consider making it his career.Moore's novels typically involve conflicted everyman characters struggling through supernatural or extraordinary circumstances. With the possible exceptions of Fool, The Serpent of Venice, and Sacr\u00e9 Bleu, all his books take place in the same universe and some characters recur from novel to novel.\nAccording to his interview in the June 2007 issue of Writer's Digest, the film rights to Moore's first novel, Practical Demonkeeping (1992), were purchased by Disney even before the book had a publisher. In answer to repeated questions from fans over the years, Moore stated that all of his books have been optioned or sold for films, but that as yet \"none of them are in any danger of being made into a movie.\"Moore has named Kurt Vonnegut, Douglas Adams, John Steinbeck, Tom Robbins, Richard Brautigan, Robert Bloch, Richard Matheson, Jules Verne, Ray Bradbury, H. P. Lovecraft, Edgar Allan Poe and Ian Fleming as key influences on his writing.As of June 2006, Moore has been living in San Francisco, after a few years on the island of Kauai, Hawaii.", "Q219499": "Erle C. Kenton (August 1, 1896 \u2013 January 28, 1980) was an American film director. He directed 131 films between 1916 and 1957. He was born in Norborne, Missouri and died in Glendale, California from Parkinson's disease.\nKenton and Edward Ludwig were the principal directors of the 1958-1960 CBS television series, The Texan, starring Rory Calhoun as Bill Longley, a \"Robin Hood of the West\", who drifts through the region helping persons in need.", "Q325412": "Robert Allen Palmer (19 January 1949 \u2013 26 September 2003) was an English singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. He was known for his distinctive, soulful voice, sartorial elegance and for combining soul, jazz, rock, pop, reggae and blues. \nPalmer's involvement in the music industry began in the 1960s, covered four decades and included a spell with the band Vinegar Joe. He found success both in his solo career and with the Power Station, and had Top 10 songs in both the United Kingdom and the United States in the 1980s. Three of his hit singles, \u201cI Didn't Mean to Turn You On\u201d, \"Addicted to Love\" and \u201cSimply Irresistible\u201d, were accompanied with stylish music videos directed by British fashion photographer Terence Donovan.Palmer received a number of awards throughout his career, including two Grammy Awards for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance, an MTV Video Music Award and two Brit Award nominations for Best British Male Solo Artist. He died aged 54, following a heart attack on 26 September 2003.", "Q11093": "Valerie Jean Solanas (April 9, 1936 \u2013 April 25, 1988) was an American radical feminist and author best known for writing the SCUM Manifesto, which she self-published in 1967, and attempting to murder Andy Warhol in 1968.\nSolanas had a turbulent childhood. She said her father regularly sexually abused her and she had a volatile relationship with her mother and stepfather after her parents' divorce. She was sent to live with her grandparents but ran away after being physically abused by her alcoholic grandfather. Solanas came out as a lesbian in the 1950s. After graduating with a degree in psychology from the University of Maryland, College Park, Solanas relocated to Berkeley, California, where she began writing her most notable work, the SCUM Manifesto, which urged women to \"overthrow the government, eliminate the money system, institute complete automation and eliminate the male sex\".Solanas moved to New York City in the mid-1960s. She met pop artist Andy Warhol and asked him to produce her play Up Your Ass. She gave him her script, which she later accused him of losing or stealing. After Solanas demanded financial compensation for the lost script, Warhol hired her to perform in his film, I, a Man, paying her $25. In 1967, Solanas began self-publishing the SCUM Manifesto. Olympia Press owner Maurice Girodias offered to publish Solanas's future writings, and she understood the contract to mean that Girodias would own her writing. Convinced that Girodias and Warhol were conspiring to steal her work, Solanas purchased a gun in early 1968.\nOn June 3, 1968, she went to The Factory, where she found Warhol. She shot at Warhol three times, the first two shots missing and the third wounding Warhol. She also shot art critic Mario Amaya and attempted to shoot Warhol's manager, Fred Hughes, point blank, but the gun jammed. Solanas then turned herself in to the police. She was charged with attempted murder, assault, and illegal possession of a gun. She was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and pleaded guilty to \"reckless assault with intent to harm\", serving a three-year prison sentence, including treatment in a psychiatric hospital. After her release, she continued to promote the SCUM Manifesto. She died in 1988 of pneumonia in San Francisco.", "Q70479": "Cornaux is a municipality in the district of Neuch\u00e2tel in the Swiss canton of Neuch\u00e2tel.", "Q68236": "Klosters is a Swiss village in the Pr\u00e4ttigau, politically part of the municipality of Klosters-Serneus, which belongs to the political district Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden. Klosters itself consists of the two main parts Klosters Dorf ('Village') and Kloster Platz ('Place'), and the settlements Selfranga, \u00c4uja, Monbiel. Together with neighbouring Serneus, the two villages form the former municipality of Klosters-Serneus. On 1 January 2016, the former municipality of Saas im Pr\u00e4ttigau merged into Klosters-Serneus.The village's ski resort lies 150 km (93 mi) from Zurich, the nearest international airport. Klosters is 10 km (6.2 mi) from Davos and part of its extended ski area.", "Q144054": "The Headless Horseman (Russian: \u0412\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b, romanized: Vsadnik bez golovy) is a 1972 Soviet-Cuban Western film directed by Vladimir Vajnshtok based on the eponymous novel by Thomas Mayne Reid. The film was the first Soviet Western. It was a box office success, 51,7 million tickets were sold and the picture holds the 33rd place in terms of cinema attendance in the Soviet Union.", "Q645663": "The University of Pisa (Italian: Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, UniPi) is an Italian public research university located in Pisa, Italy. It was founded in 1343 by an edict of Pope Clement VI. It is the 19th oldest extant university in the world and the 10th oldest in Italy. The university is ranked within the top 10 nationally and the top 400 in the world according to the ARWU and the QS. It houses the Orto botanico di Pisa, Europe's oldest academic botanical garden, which was founded in 1544.\nThe University of Pisa is part of the Pisa University System, which includes the Scuola Normale Superiore and the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies. The university has about 50,000 students (of which 46,000 are undergraduate and postgraduate studies, and 3,500 are doctoral and specialization studies).\nIn the fields of philology and cultural studies, the University of Pisa is a leading member of ICoN, an inter-university consortium of 21 Italian universities supported by the Ministry of Education, Universities and Research, as well as a member of the European University Association, the Partnership of a European Group of Aeronautics and Space Universities network and the Cineca consortium. It's the only university in Italy which has become a member of the Universities Research Association.Among its notable graduates there are several national and foreign political leaders including two Italian presidents, five Popes, five Italian prime ministers and three Nobel Laureates as students, faculty or staff affiliates.\nPisa has an intense athletic rivalry with the University of Pavia, which traditionally culminates in the Pisa-Pavia Regatta (Regata Pisa-Pavia), the oldest competition of this kind in Italy, and second in Europe only to the Oxford Cambridge boat race.In 2013, the University of Pisa finished with La Sapienza University of Rome in first place among the Italian universities, according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities.", "Q707322": "Bert William Sommer (February 7, 1949 \u2013 July 23, 1990) was an American folk singer, songwriter and actor. He appeared in the musical Hair and at the Woodstock Festival, and released several albums as a singer-songwriter.", "Q261522": "Mikheil Kalatozishvili (Georgian: \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d8\u10da \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d6\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8; Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0448\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438; 19 May 1959 \u2013 12 October 2009) was a Georgian-Russian film director, producer, and screenwriter active since the early 1980s. His 1991 film The Beloved was entered into the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival. His grandfather was the world famous Soviet filmmaker of the same name, often known as Mikhail Kalatozov. Like his grandfather, Kalatozishvili was born in Tbilisi and died in Moscow, also of a heart attack.", "Q164384": "Theodore von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n (Hungarian: (sz\u0151l\u0151skislaki) K\u00e1rm\u00e1n T\u00f3dor [(s\u00f8\u02d0l\u00f8\u02d0\u0283ki\u0283l\u0252ki) \u02c8ka\u02d0rma\u02d0n \u02c8to\u02d0dor]; 11 May 1881 \u2013 6 May 1963) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer, and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics. He is responsible for many key advances in aerodynamics, notably his work on supersonic and hypersonic airflow characterization. He is regarded as the outstanding aerodynamic theoretician of the 20th century.", "Q69128": "B\u00fcttenhardt (pronunciation: \u02c8b\u028ftt\u0259n\u02ccha\u0250t) is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.", "Q380904": "Steven Ralph Schirripa (, Italian pronunciation: [skir\u02c8ripa]; born September 3, 1957) is an American actor, producer, author, and voice artist. He is best known for portraying Bobby Baccalieri on The Sopranos and Detective Anthony Abetemarco on Blue Bloods. Schirripa is a producer and host of two Investigation Discovery series: Karma's A B*tch! and Nothing Personal. He was a regular cast member of The Secret Life of the American Teenager and the voice of Roberto in the Open Season franchise. Schirripa has also done commercials for Lamisil, Dick's Sporting Goods, and McDonald's.", "Q271731": "Emmy Destinn (Ema Destinnov\u00e1 ([\u02c8\u025bma \u02c8d\u025bst\u026anova\u02d0] (listen)); 26 February 1878 \u2013 28 January 1930) was a Czech operatic soprano with a strong and soaring lyric-dramatic voice. She had a career both in Europe and at the New York Metropolitan Opera.", "Q95393": "Ernst D\u00e4umig (1868\u20131922) was a German politician and was the co-chairman of both the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and Communist Party of Germany (KPD).", "Q50971": "Rudimental are a British drum and bass band, signed to Asylum Records, Atlantic Records and Black Butter Records. The band consists of Piers Aggett, Amir Amor, Kesi Dryden and Locksmith.\nThey were nominated for a Mercury Prize in 2013, and won several awards including the Brit Award, and the MOBO Award for Best Album. Rudimental also received nominations at the MTV Europe Music Awards for Best New Act, and Best UK and Ireland act. Rudimental has achieved multiple Platinum awards for record sales in several countries including in the United Kingdom and Australia.\nThe band rose to prominence in 2012 when their single \"Feel the Love\", featuring singer John Newman, topped the UK Singles Chart, and for which they were also nominated for a BRIT Award in 2013. \"Feel the Love\" was also used for the opening credits of the 2013 documentary movie Spark: A Burning Man Story.\nThe band have released further singles, including \"Not Giving In\", featuring Newman and Alex Clare, \"Waiting All Night\", featuring Ella Eyre which also topped the chart in the UK, \"Right Here\", featuring Foxes, \"Free\", featuring Emeli Sand\u00e9, and \"Powerless\", featuring Becky Hill. Rudimental were named by the BBC as the festival band of the summer. In 2013, Rudimental's debut studio album Home debuted at number one in the UK Albums Chart and was also nominated for a Mercury Music Prize.", "Q112212": "Siegfried Selberherr (* 3. August 1955 in Klosterneuburg) is an Austrian scientist in the field of microelectronics.\nHe is a professor at the Institute for Microelectronics of the Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien (TU Wien).\nHis primary research interest is in modeling and simulation of physical phenomena in the field of microelectronics.", "Q9089": "Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent and parts of Southeast Asia. Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as San\u0101tana Dharma, \"the eternal tradition\", or the \"eternal way\", beyond human history. Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no founder. This \"Hindu synthesis\" started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE, after the end of the Vedic period (1500 to 500 BCE), and flourished in the medieval period, with the decline of Buddhism in India.Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is linked by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual resources, and pilgrimage to sacred sites. Hindu texts are classified into \u015aruti (\"heard\") and Sm\u1e5bti (\"remembered\"). These texts discuss theology, philosophy, mythology, Vedic yajna, Yoga, agamic rituals, and temple building, among other topics. Major scriptures include the Vedas and the Upanishads, the Puranas, the Mahabharata, the Ramayana, and the \u0100gamas. Sources of authority and eternal truths in its texts play an important role, but there is also a strong Hindu tradition of questioning authority in order to deepen the understanding of these truths and to further develop the tradition.Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include the four Puru\u1e63\u0101rthas, the proper goals or aims of human life, namely Dharma (ethics/duties), Artha (prosperity/work), Kama (desires/passions) and Moksha (liberation/freedom from the cycle of death and rebirth/salvation); karma (action, intent and consequences), Sa\u1e43s\u0101ra (cycle of death and rebirth), and the various Yogas (paths or practices to attain moksha). Hindu practices include rituals such as puja (worship) and recitations, japa, meditation (dhyana), family-oriented rites of passage, annual festivals, and occasional pilgrimages. Some Hindus leave their social world and material possessions, then engage in lifelong Sannyasa (monastic practices) to achieve Moksha. Hinduism prescribes the eternal duties, such as honesty, refraining from injuring living beings (ahimsa), patience, forbearance, self-restraint, and compassion, among others. The four largest denominations of Hinduism are the Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism and Smartism.Hinduism is the world's third largest religion; its followers, known as Hindus, constitute about 1.15 billion, or 15\u201316% of the global population. Hinduism is the most widely professed faith in India, Nepal and Mauritius. It is also the predominant religion in Bali, Indonesia. Significant numbers of Hindu communities are also found in the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, North America, Europe, Oceania, Africa, and other regions.", "Q1413698": "Vestre Gravlund is a cemetery in the Frogner borough of Oslo, Norway. It is located next to the Borgen metro station. At 243 acres (0.98 km2), it is the largest cemetery in Norway. It was inaugurated in September 1902 and also contains a crematorium (Vestre krematorium) and chapel (Gravkapellet).The grave chapel was constructed in granite and clay stone and was designed by architect Alfred Christian Dahl (1857\u20131940). It was built in 1900 and consecrated in 1902. In the foundation wall, it has stained glass that was designed by artist Oddmund Kristiansen (1920\u20131997) in 1970.", "Q75501": "Barbara Antonie Barth (1871-1956), also known as Baroness Antonie von Bartolf, was a German actress and the second wife of Duke Ludwig Wilhelm in Bavaria.\nThey married on 19 November 1892, and divorced in 1913.", "Q183279": "Zhores Ivanovich Alferov (Russian: \u0416\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0441 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043b\u0444\u0451\u0440\u043e\u0432, [\u0290\u0250\u02c8r\u025bs \u026a\u02c8van\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0250\u026b\u02c8f\u02b2\u0275r\u0259f]; Belarusian: \u0416\u0430\u0440\u044d\u0441 \u0406\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u0410\u043b\u0444\u0451\u0440\u0430\u045e; 15 March 1930 \u2013 1 March 2019) was a Soviet and Russian physicist and academic who contributed significantly to the creation of modern heterostructure physics and electronics. He shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for the development of the semiconductor heterojunction for optoelectronics. He also became a politician in his later life, serving in the lower house of the Russian parliament, the State Duma, as a member of the communist party since 1995.", "Q233502": "Lili Anne Taylor (born February 20, 1967) is an American actress notable for her appearances in such indie films as Mystic Pizza (1988), Say Anything... (1989), Dogfight (1991), Short Cuts (1993), and I Shot Andy Warhol (1996), as well as big-budget films including Ransom (1996), The Haunting (1999), Public Enemies (2009), The Conjuring (2013), and Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials (2015).\nIn television, she has starred in Six Feet Under, Hemlock Grove, Almost Human, and all three seasons of the anthology series American Crime. For the latter, she received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie nomination.", "Q116074": "Adrian Amstutz (born December 2, 1953) is a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss National Council from the Canton of Berne.", "Q1226478": "Edward William Sanders (born 5 February 1993) is an English actor, singer and record producer. He is best known for his performance as Tobias Ragg in the 2007 film Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. He was also featured on the film's soundtrack. He also appeared in the historical adventure drama film Hugo in 2011, where he was part of the ensemble.", "Q202907": "\u014ctsu (\u5927\u6d25\u5e02, \u014ctsu-shi) is the capital city of Shiga Prefecture, Japan. \u014ctsu is known as the main port of Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan. It briefly served as the capital of Japan from 667 to 672 AD during the Asuka period (538 \u2013 710). The city is home to numerous sites of historical importance, notably the temples of Mii-dera, Ishiyama-dera, and Enryaku-ji and the Hiyoshi Taisha shrine. Enryaku-ji is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site \"Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities)\". \u014ctsu was incorporated as a town on April 1, 1889. In October 1, 1898, \u014ctsu-town was officially changed to \u014ctsu-city.\nAs of October 1, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 341,187 and a population density of 730 persons per km2. The total area is 464.51 km2 (179 sq mi).", "Q7970362": "The name Greek Orthodox Church (Greek: \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03b7 \u1f19\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, Ellinorth\u00f3doxi Ekklis\u00eda, IPA: [elinor\u02c8\u03b8o\u00f0oksi ekli\u02c8sia]), or Greek Orthodoxy, is a term referring to the body of several Churches within the larger communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, whose liturgy is or was traditionally conducted in Koine Greek, the original language of the Septuagint and the New Testament. Its history, traditions, and theology are rooted in the early Church Fathers and the culture of the Byzantine Empire. Greek Orthodox Christianity has also traditionally placed strong emphasis on and awarded high prestige to traditions of Eastern Orthodox monasticism and asceticism, with origins in Early Christianity in the Near East and in Byzantine Anatolia.\nHistorically, the term \"Greek Orthodox\" has been used to describe all Eastern Orthodox Churches in general, since \"Greek\" in \"Greek Orthodox\" can refer to the heritage of the Byzantine Empire. During the first eight centuries of Christian history, most major intellectual, cultural, and social developments in the Christian Church took place within the Empire or in the sphere of its influence, where the Greek language was widely spoken and used for most theological writings. Over time, most parts of the liturgy, traditions, and practices of the church of Constantinople were adopted by all, and these still provide the basic patterns of contemporary Orthodoxy. Thus, the Eastern Church came to be called \"Greek\" Orthodox in the same way that the Western Church is called \"Roman\" Catholic. However, the appellation \"Greek\" was abandoned by the Slavic and other Eastern Orthodox churches in connection with their peoples' national awakenings, from as early as the 10th century A.D. Thus, in the early 21st century, generally only those churches that are most closely tied to Greek or Byzantine culture are called \"Greek Orthodox\".\n\n", "Q118059": "Fritz Joachim Raddatz (3 September 1931 \u2013 26 February 2015) was a German feuilletonist, essayist, biographer and romancier.", "Q192374": "Marsilio Ficino (Italian: [mar\u02c8si\u02d0ljo fi\u02c8t\u0283i\u02d0no]; Latin name: Marsilius Ficinus; 19 October 1433 \u2013 1 October 1499) was an Italian scholar and Catholic priest who was one of the most influential humanist philosophers of the early Italian Renaissance. He was an astrologer, a reviver of Neoplatonism in touch with the major academics of his day and the first translator of Plato's complete extant works into Latin. His Florentine Academy, an attempt to revive Plato's Academy, influenced the direction and tenor of the Italian Renaissance and the development of European philosophy.\n\n", "Q63363": "Klaus Knopper (born 1968 in Ingelheim) is a German electrical engineer and free software developer.\nKnopper is the creator of Knoppix, a well-known live CD Linux distribution. He received his degree in electrical engineering from the Kaiserslautern University of Technology (in German: Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern), co-founded LinuxTag in 1996 (a major European Linux expo) and has been a self-employed information technology consultant since 1998. He also teaches at the Kaiserslautern University of Applied Sciences.\nKnopper is married to Adriane Knopper, who has a visual impairment. She has been assisting Knopper with a version of Knoppix for blind and visually impaired people, released in the third quarter of 2007 as a Live CD. Her name has been given to the distribution: Adriane Knoppix.Adriane is more of a desktop or \"Non-graphical-userinterface\" for blind computer beginners than a \"distribution\". It will work on any Linux distribution that has a screenreader (Preferably SBL (Screenreader for Blind Linux Users)) and some text-based tools for internet access and normal work.", "Q167855": "Charles Sumner Hamlin (August 30, 1861 \u2013 April 24, 1938) was an American lawyer. He was the first Chairman of the Federal Reserve, serving from 1914 to 1916.\n\n", "Q74179": "Helmuth Markov (born 5 June 1952 in Leipzig) is a German politician.", "Q1432130": "Norman Petty (May 25, 1927 \u2013 August 15, 1984) was an American musician and record producer who is best known for his association with Buddy Holly and the Crickets, who recorded in his studio.", "Q235615": "Anne Tyler (born October 25, 1941) is an American novelist, short story writer, and literary critic. She has published 22 novels, the best known of which are Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant (1982), The Accidental Tourist (1985), and Breathing Lessons (1988). All three were finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction with Breathing Lessons winning the prize in 1989. She has also won the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize, the Ambassador Book Award, and the National Book Critics Circle Award. In 2012 she was awarded The Sunday Times Award for Literary Excellence. Tyler's twentieth novel, A Spool of Blue Thread, was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize in 2015. She is recognized for her fully developed characters, her \"brilliantly imagined and absolutely accurate detail,\" and her \"rigorous and artful style\" and \"astute and open language.\"Tyler has been compared to John Updike, Jane Austen, and Eudora Welty, among others.", "Q73616": "Werner Grothmann (23 August 1915 \u2013 26 February 2002) was a mid-ranking commander in the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany and aide-de-camp to the head of the SS, Heinrich Himmler, from 1940 until Himmler's death in 1945.\n\n", "Q1560662": "Neil Kernon is an English musician, record producer, mixer and recording engineer from London, England. He is a Grammy Award winner, and has worked on over 100 Gold and Platinum records.", "Q705253": "DQ (born Peter Andersen on 16 February 1973) is a Danish singer and drag queen who won the Danish Melodi Grand Prix 2007 and therefore represented Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 with the song \"Drama Queen\". The song was eliminated in the semi-final stage.", "Q72508": "Eeles Enok Landstr\u00f6m (born 3 January 1932) is a retired Finnish pole vaulter, a former member of the Finnish parliament and a former business executive. He won two European titles, in 1954 and 1958, and competed at the 1956 and 1960 Olympics, winning a bronze medal in 1960 and finishing seventh in 1956. Landstr\u00f6m also placed 14th in the decathlon at the 1952 games and was selected as the Olympic flag bearer for Finland in 1956 and 1960.", "Q233264": "Beth Gibbons (born 4 January 1965) is an English singer and songwriter. She is the singer and lyricist for the band Portishead.", "Q273898": "Maryon Pittman Allen (November 30, 1925 \u2013 July 23, 2018) was an American journalist who served as United States Senator from Alabama for five months in 1978, after her husband, Senator James B. Allen, died in office.", "Q170497": "Gloucester ( (listen)) is a cathedral city and district in Gloucestershire, of which it is the county town, in the South West of England. Gloucester lies on the River Severn, between the Cotswolds to the east and the Forest of Dean to the west, 19 miles (31 km) east of Monmouth, and 17 miles (27 km) east of the border with Wales. Including suburban areas, Gloucester has a population of around 150,000. It is a port, linked via the Gloucester and Sharpness Canal to the Severn Estuary.\nGloucester was founded in AD 97 by the Romans under Emperor Nerva as Colonia Glevum Nervensis, and was granted its first charter in 1155 by Henry II. In 1216 Henry III, aged only ten years, was crowned with a gilded iron ring in the Chapter House of Gloucester Cathedral. Gloucester's significance in the Middle Ages is underlined by the fact that it had a number of monastic establishments, including St Peter's Abbey founded in 679 (later Gloucester Cathedral), the nearby St Oswald's Priory, Gloucester founded in the 880s or 890s, and Llanthony Secunda Priory, founded 1136. The town is also the site of the Siege of Gloucester in 1643, during which the city held out against Royalist forces in the First English Civil War.\nA major attraction of the city is Gloucester Cathedral, which is the burial place of King Edward II and Walter de Lacy, and features in scenes from the Harry Potter films. Other features of interest include the museum and school of art and science, the former county jail (on the site of a Saxon and Norman castle), the Shire Hall (now headquarters of the County Council) and the Whitefield memorial church. A park in the south of the city contains a spa, a chalybeate spring having been discovered in 1814. \nEconomically, the city is dominated by the service industries, and has strong financial, research, distribution and light industrial sectors. Historically it was prominent in the aerospace industry. \nIn 1926 the Gloucestershire Aircraft Company at Brockworth changed its name to the Gloster Aircraft Company because international customers claimed that the name \"Gloucestershire\" was too difficult to spell. A sculpture in the city centre celebrates Gloucester's aviation history and its involvement in the jet engine.", "Q361536": "Owen Teale (born 20 May 1961) is a Welsh actor known for his role as Ser Alliser Thorne in the HBO fantasy TV series Game of Thrones.", "Q316966": "Andr\u00e9 Clot (9 November 1909 \u2013 2002) was a French historian and essayist.\nClot worked from 1936 to 1942 for the news agency Agence Havas, from 1943 to 1945 for Radio-Brazzaville and finally from 1945 up to his superannuation for the Agence France-Presse.\nHe lived for many years in Turkey and the countries of the Near and Middle East and was expert on Islam.\nHe published books about the history and culture of Islamic countries.", "Q75267": "Otto von Camphausen (21 October 1812 \u2013 18 May 1896) was a Prussian statesman.", "Q3106169": "Thierry Neuvic (born 3 August 1970) is a French actor. He has appeared in more than 50 films and television shows since 1996. He starred in the film Code Unknown, which was selected in the 2000 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q717657": "\u00d8ivind Bergh (3 December 1909 \u2013 25 January 1987) was a Norwegian violinist and orchestral leader.", "Q2898766": "Bernard Ziegler (born March 12, 1933) is the former Airbus senior vice president for engineering. He is well known for his evangelical zeal for the application of the fly-by-wire system in the Airbuses. He is the son of the former Airbus CEO, Henri Ziegler.\nBernard Ziegler was born in Boulogne sur Seine, France. He was educated in the \u00c9cole Polytechnique (1954), as an engineer and \u00c9cole de l'Air (1955), for his pilot training and military commission. Ziegler began his career as a fighter pilot in the French air force. He saw action in the Algerian War and was decorated twice. Principal medals and decorations received include the Officier de l\u2019Ordre National du M\u00e9rite, M\u00e9daille de l'A\u00e9ronautique, Croix de la Valeur Militaire and Officier de la L\u00e9gion d'honneur.\nIn August 1961 the Vallee Blanche Aerial Tramway was badly damaged when an aeroplane of the French Air Force piloted by Bernard Ziegler tore its hauling cable. Three cars crashed and six people were killed.He continued his studies in \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure de l'a\u00e9ronautique et de l'espace (Supa\u00e9ro) (1961) and was later posted to \u00c9cole du personnel navigant d'essais et de r\u00e9ception (EPNER), the French Air Force test pilot establishment in 1964. He was the chief test pilot for the Dassault Mirage G in 1968. At Airbus, his career spans from chief test pilot (1972), to senior vice president for flight and support and then, to senior vice president for engineering. As a test pilot, he flew the first flights of the Airbus A300, A310, A320 and the A340.\nBernard Ziegler was the most influential figure in developing the cockpit design and fly-by-wire control system for the Airbus airliners. He proposed that numerous technological innovations be applied to Airbus aircraft; for example, using composites, twin-engine configuration for the A300, fly-by-wire and many others. He was the guiding force in the creation of the flight envelope protection, incorporated in the Airbus flight-control software. This innovation allows the pilot to apply the maximum control forces considered necessary, while preventing inadvertent inputs that could place the aircraft outside the safety margin. This feature is considered by many to be highly beneficial in avoiding unusual attitudes in flight and in safely maximizing the effectiveness of evasive maneuvers in response to GPWS warnings.\nFor his efforts in advancing the fly-by-wire cause, he was honoured by the Flight Safety Foundation in 1998. He retired from Airbus after 25 years of service in 1997.", "Q539506": "Marc Ribot (;\nborn May 21, 1954) is an American guitarist and composer.\nHis work has touched on many styles, including no wave, free jazz, rock, and Cuban music. Ribot is also known for collaborating with other musicians, most notably Tom Waits, Elvis Costello, Vinicio Capossela and John Zorn.", "Q238331": "Mona Simpson (n\u00e9e Jandali; June 14, 1957) is an American novelist. She has written six novels and studied English at the University of California, Berkeley and Languages and Literature at Bard College.\nShe won a Whiting Award for her first novel, Anywhere but Here (1986). It was a popular success and adapted as a film by the same name, released in 1999. She wrote a sequel, The Lost Father (1992). Critical recognition has included the Chicago Tribune Heartland Prize and making the shortlist for the PEN/Faulkner Award for her novel Off Keck Road (2000).\nSimpson is the younger sister of the late Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs. Simpson was born after her parents had married and did not meet Jobs, who was placed for adoption after he was born, until she was 25 years old.\n\n", "Q365750": "Nic Balthazar (born 24 July 1964 in Ghent) is a Belgian film director and a TV/radio personality (presenter, reporter, producer).\n\n", "Q38367": "Thomas Robert \"Tommy\" Dewar, 1st Baron Dewar (6 January 1864 \u2013 11 April 1930) was a Scottish whisky distiller who, along with his brother John Dewar, built their family label, Dewar's, into an international success. They blended their whisky to make it more appealing to the international palate and Dewar demonstrated particular skills in marketing, travelling the world to find new markets and promote his product, exploiting romantic images of Scotland and tartan in his advertising.\n\n", "Q261244": "Sydney Tamiia Poitier (born November 15, 1973) is an American television and film actress.", "Q144732": "Zakir Husain Khan (8 February 1897 \u2013 3 May 1969) was an Indian economist and politician who served as the third President of India, from 13 May 1967 until his death on 3 May 1969.\nHe previously served as Governor of Bihar from 1957 to 1962 and as Vice President of India from 1962 to 1967. He was also the co-founder of Jamia Milia Islamia, serving as its Vice-chancellor from 1928. Under Husain, Jamia became closely associated with the Indian freedom movement. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, in 1963.", "Q708777": "Brian Eric Bonsall (born December 3, 1981) is an American rock musician, singer, guitarist and former child actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles as Andrew \"Andy\" Keaton, the youngest child on the NBC sitcom Family Ties from 1986 until 1989, and Alexander Rozhenko, the son of Worf and K'ehleyr, on Star Trek: The Next Generation from 1992 to 1994.", "Q71001": "Artur Fischer (31 December 1919 \u2013 27 January 2016) was a German inventor. He is best known for inventing the plastic expanding wall plug.Born in Tumlingen, Artur Fischer was the son of the village tailor Georg Fischer. His mother Pauline, who ironed collars to make ends meet, recognized her son\u2019s mechanical aptitude and encouraged him at every turn, helping him set up a workbench at home and buying him the German equivalent of an Erector Set.In the second world war, Fischer survived the Battle of Stalingrad, leaving on the last plane, and later in the war was captured in Italy and sent to a prisoner-of-war camp in England. After returning to his hometown in 1946, he found work as an assistant at an engineering company and began making lighters and loom switches out of military scrap. In 1948, he founded his own company, the Fischer Group.\n\n", "Q711226": "Arthur Rothstein (July 17, 1915 \u2013 November 11, 1985) was an American photographer. Rothstein is recognized as one of America's premier photojournalists. During a career that spanned five decades, he provoked, entertained and informed the American people. His photographs ranged from a hometown baseball game to the drama of war, from struggling rural farmers to US Presidents.", "Q77470": "Heinrich Laube (18 September 1806 \u2013 1 August 1884), German dramatist, novelist and theatre-director, was born at Sprottau in Prussian Silesia.", "Q2917241": "Luciano Caldas Bivar (born 29 November 1944 in Recife) is a Brazilian politician and businessman who was the PSL candidate for the 2006 Brazilian presidential election. His political platform included projects such as the end of income tax in favour of a unique tax on products and services, and also building military barracks in Brazilian favelas. He received 0.06% of the total vote in the first round and did not progress to the second round.He was the president of Sport Club do Recife from 1989 to 1990, from 1997 to 2001, from 2005 to 2006 and in 2013.", "Q83297": "John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, (; 12 November 1842 \u2013 30 June 1919), was a British scientist who made extensive contributions to both theoretical and experimental physics. He spent all of his academic career at the University of Cambridge. Among many honours, he received the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physics \"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies.\" He served as President of the Royal Society from 1905 to 1908 and as Chancellor of the University of Cambridge from 1908 to 1919.\nRayleigh provided the first theoretical treatment of the elastic scattering of light by particles much smaller than the light's wavelength, a phenomenon now known as \"Rayleigh scattering\", which notably explains why the sky is blue. He studied and described transverse surface waves in solids, now known as \"Rayleigh waves\". He contributed extensively to fluid dynamics, with concepts such as the Rayleigh number (a dimensionless number associated with natural convection), Rayleigh flow, the Rayleigh\u2013Taylor instability, and Rayleigh's criterion for the stability of Taylor\u2013Couette flow. He also formulated the circulation theory of aerodynamic lift. In optics, Rayleigh proposed a well known criterion for angular resolution. His derivation of the Rayleigh\u2013Jeans law for classical black-body radiation later played an important role in birth of quantum mechanics (see Ultraviolet catastrophe). Rayleigh's textbook The Theory of Sound (1877) is still used today by acousticians and engineers.", "Q112560": "Eduard Engelmann Jr. (14 July 1864 \u2013 31 October 1944) was an Austrian figure skater, engineer, and cyclist. He was a three-time gold medallist at the European Figure Skating Championships. He had three children, all of whom became figure skaters: Edi, Helene and Christine, who married Karl Sch\u00e4fer.", "Q180002": "Lisa Smedman is a science fiction and fantasy author and journalist. Her novel Extinction, set in the Forgotten Realms universe, was a New York Times bestseller. Smedman first became known for gaming adventure novels, and later published her own independent fantasy novels.", "Q1900279": "Joseph Bernhard Mark Mobius (born August 17, 1936) is an American emerging markets fund manager and founder of Mobius Capital Partners LLP.", "Q737593": "Battle is a small town and civil parish in the local government district of Rother in East Sussex, England. It lies 50 miles (80 km) south-east of London, 30 miles (50 km) east of Brighton and 20 miles (30 km) east of Lewes. Hastings is to the south-east and Bexhill-on-Sea to the south. Battle is in the designated High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and is a tourist destination and commuter town for white collar workers in the City of London. The parish population was 6,048 according to the 2001 census, increasing to 6,673 with the 2011 Census.Battle is the site of the Battle of Hastings, where William, Duke of Normandy, defeated King Harold II to become William I in 1066.", "Q345494": "Ryuichi Sakamoto (\u5742\u672c \u9f8d\u4e00, Sakamoto Ry\u016bichi, born January 17, 1952) (Japanese pronunciation: [sakamoto \u027e\u02b2\u026f\u02d0it\u0255i]) is a Japanese composer, singer, songwriter, record producer, activist, and actor who has pursued a diverse range of styles as a solo artist and as a member of Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO). With his bandmates Haruomi Hosono and Yukihiro Takahashi, Sakamoto influenced and pioneered a number of electronic music genres.Sakamoto began his career while at university in the 1970s as a session musician, producer, and arranger. His first major success came in 1978 as co-founder of YMO. He concurrently pursued a solo career, releasing the experimental electronic fusion album Thousand Knives in 1978. Two years later, he released the album B-2 Unit. It included the track \"Riot in Lagos\", which was significant in the development of electro and hip hop music. He went on to produce more solo records, and collaborate with many international artists, David Sylvian, Carsten Nicolai, Youssou N'Dour, and Fennesz among them. Sakamoto composed music for the opening ceremony of the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, and his composition \"Energy Flow\" (1999) was the first instrumental number-one single in Japan's Oricon charts history.As a film-score composer, Sakamoto has won an Oscar, a BAFTA, a Grammy, and 2 Golden Globe Awards. Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence (1983) marked his debut as both an actor and a film-score composer; its main theme was adapted into the single \"Forbidden Colours\" which became an international hit. His most successful work as a film composer was The Last Emperor (1987), after which he continued earning accolades composing for films such as The Sheltering Sky (1990), Little Buddha (1993), and The Revenant (2015). On occasion, Sakamoto has also worked as a composer and a scenario writer on anime and video games. In 2009, he was awarded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres from the Ministry of Culture of France for his contributions to music.\n\n", "Q241180": "Rachel Bluwstein Sela (September 20 (Julian calendar), 1890 \u2013 April 16, 1931) was a Hebrew-language poet who immigrated to Palestine, then part of the Ottoman Empire, in 1909. \nShe is known by her first name, Rachel (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05d7\u05dc, [\u0281a\u02c8\u03c7el]), or as Rachel the Poetess (\u05e8\u05d7\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05e8\u05e8\u05ea, [\u0281a\u02c8\u03c7el] [hame\u0283o\u02c8\u0281e\u0281et]).", "Q230779": "Annabeth Gish (born March 13, 1971) is an American actress. She has played roles in films Shag, Hiding Out, Mystic Pizza, SLC Punk!, The Last Supper and Double Jeopardy. On television, she played Special Agent Monica Reyes on The X-Files, Elizabeth Bartlet Westin on The West Wing, Diane Gould on Halt and Catch Fire, Eileen Caffee on Brotherhood, Charlotte Millwright on The Bridge and Sheriff Althea Jarry on the final season of Sons of Anarchy.\nIn 2016, she reprised her role as Monica Reyes in the tenth season of The X-Files, and then again in the eleventh season starting in January 2018.", "Q2263306": "Duane Whitaker (born June 23, 1959) is an American actor.", "Q67677": "Prato (Leventina) is a municipality in the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q231467": "Patricia Cornwell (born Patricia Carroll Daniels; June 9, 1956) is an American crime writer. She is known for her best-selling novels featuring medical examiner Kay Scarpetta, of which the first was inspired by a series of sensational murders in Richmond, Virginia, where most of the stories are set. The plots are notable for their emphasis on forensic science, which has influenced later TV treatments of police work. Cornwell has also initiated new research into the Jack the Ripper killings, incriminating the popular British artist Walter Sickert. Her books have sold more than 100 million copies.", "Q229228": "Liliane Rudabet Gloria Elsveta \"Leelee\" Sobieski (born June 10, 1983) is an American artist and former actress. She achieved fame in her teens with roles in films such as Deep Impact, Eyes Wide Shut, Never Been Kissed, Joy Ride, and The Glass House. She received Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for her portrayal of the title character in the television film Joan of Arc and a further Golden Globe nomination for her performance in the miniseries Uprising.\nSobieski continued to work in films and on television up until retiring in 2012, after which she focused on her art career.", "Q186473": "The Federation Council (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u0438; Sovet Federatsii, common abbreviation: \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0444\u0435\u0434 (Sovfed) or Senate) is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (the parliament of the Russian Federation), according to the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. Each of the 85 federal subjects of Russia \u2013 consisting of 22 republics, 46 oblasts, nine krais, three federal cities, four autonomous okrugs, and one autonomous oblast \u2013 sends two senators to the Council, for a total membership of 187 Councillors.\nThe council holds its sessions within the Main Building on Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street in Moscow, the former home of the Soviet State Building Agency (Gosstroy), with further offices and committee rooms located on Novy Arbat Street. The two houses of the Federal Assembly are physically separated, with the State Duma residing in another part of Moscow. Sessions of the Federation Council are held in Moscow from January 25 to July 15, and from September 16 to December 31. Sessions are open to the public, although the location of sessions can be changed if the Federation Council so desires, and secure closed sessions may be convoked.\nFor purposes of succession, the chairman of the Federation Council is the third highest position, after the president and the prime minister. In the case of incapacity of the President and Prime Minister, the chairman of the Federation Council becomes Acting President of the Russian Federation.", "Q972398": "The Andrews Sisters were an American close harmony singing group of the swing and boogie-woogie eras. The group consisted of three sisters: contralto LaVerne Sophia (July 6, 1911 \u2013 May 8, 1967), soprano Maxene Anglyn (January 3, 1916 \u2013 October 21, 1995), and mezzo-soprano Patricia Marie \"Patty\" (February 16, 1918 \u2013 January 30, 2013). It is claimed that the sisters have sold more than 90 million records. Their 1941 hit \"Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy\" can be considered an early example of rhythm and blues or jump blues. Other songs closely associated with the Andrews Sisters include their first major hit, \"Bei Mir Bist Du Sch\u00f6n (Means That You're Grand)\" (1937), \"Beer Barrel Polka (Roll Out the Barrel)\" (1939), \"Beat Me Daddy, Eight to the Bar\" (1940), \"Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree (With Anyone Else but Me)\" (1942), and \"Rum and Coca Cola\" (1945), which helped introduce American audiences to calypso.\nThe Andrews Sisters' harmonies and songs are still influential today, and have been copied and recorded by entertainers such as Bette Midler, Christina Aguilera, Pentatonix, and others. The group was among the inaugural inductees to the Vocal Group Hall of Fame upon its opening in 1998. Writing for Bloomberg, Mark Schoifet said the sisters became the most popular female vocal group of the first half of the 20th century. They are still widely acclaimed today for their famous close harmonies. They were inducted into the Minnesota Rock/Country Hall of Fame in May 2006.", "Q462502": "Dolores Gray (June 7, 1924 \u2013 June 26, 2002) was an American actress and singer. She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Musical twice, winning once.", "Q104302": "Chorz\u00f3w [\u02c8x\u0254\u0290uf] (listen) (German: K\u00f6nigsh\u00fctte [\u02c8k\u00f8\u02d0n\u026a\u00e7s\u02cch\u028ft\u0259]; Silesian: Chorz\u014dw) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Chorz\u00f3w is one of the central cities of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union \u2013 a metropolis with a population of 2 million. It is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Rawa River (a tributary of the Vistula).\nAdministratively, Chorz\u00f3w is in the Silesian Voivodeship since 1999, previously Katowice Voivodeship, and before then, the Silesian Voivodeship. Chorz\u00f3w is one of the cities of the 2.7 million conurbation \u2013 the Katowice urban area and within a greater Silesian metropolitan area with the population of about 5,294,000 people. The population within the city limits is 108,434 as of December 2018.", "Q1894418": "Marcus Wiebusch is a German musician and lyricist.\nFrom 1992 to 1999 he played in the political punk-band ...But Alive, for which he sang, played guitar, and wrote lyrics. He also had two even more aggressive and politically charged, but less prolific and recognized by-projects, the bands Die vom Himmel fielen and Utell A Lie, his only ever English-speaking project. During this time he established an independent record label called \"B.A. Records\" to put out his music and also to produce other bands like Tomte.\nIn 1994, while still playing with ...But Alive, he released his first and only solo album \"Hippiekacke\", which did not really satisfy him.After breaking up all three groups he played in the ska-band Rantanplan and still plays in the rock-band Kettcar. To publish Kettcar's records he merged \"B.A.\" with Tomte-singer Thees Uhlmann's \"Hotel van Cleef\" to form record label Grand Hotel van Cleef which he is co-owner and managing director of to this day. The label has evolved into one of the most influential, most popular independent labels in Germany with many more bands having signed on since.\nIn 2004 Wiebusch and Uhlmann were approached to take part in a movie project, \"Keine Lieder \u00fcber Liebe\", which entailed the formation of a band with actor J\u00fcrgen Vogel as singer. Wiebusch and Uhlmann agreed and wrote ten songs (based on the fictional biography of Vogel's character) for this band, Hansen, played guitar and sang background during the album's recordings and a tour during which filming took place and acted in the movie. Keine Lieder and Hansen's album were released simultaneously in 2005.", "Q25444": "Funchal (Portuguese pronunciation: [f\u0169\u02c8\u0283al] (listen)) is the largest city, the municipal seat and the capital of Portugal's Autonomous Region of Madeira, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. The city has a population of 111,892, making it the sixth largest city in Portugal, and has been the capital of Madeira for more than five centuries. Because of its high cultural and historical value, Funchal is one of Portugal's main tourist attractions. It is also popular as a destination for New Year's Eve, and it is the leading Portuguese port on cruise liner dockings.The name is from the Portuguese word \"funcho\" (fennel) and the suffix \"-al\", to denote \"a plantation of fennel\".", "Q658626": "The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a wartime intelligence agency of the United States during World War II, and a predecessor to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The OSS was formed as an agency of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) to coordinate espionage activities behind enemy lines for all branches of the United States Armed Forces. Other OSS functions included the use of propaganda, subversion, and post-war planning. On December 14, 2016, the organization was collectively honored with a Congressional Gold Medal.", "Q63411": "Maximilian Harden (born Felix Ernst Witkowski, he changed his name to Maximilian Harden) (20 October 1861 \u2013 30 October 1927) was an influential German journalist and editor.\nBorn the son of a Jewish merchant in Berlin he attended the Franz\u00f6sisches Gymnasium until he began to train as an actor and joined a traveling theatre troupe. In 1878 Harden converted to Protestantism and started his journalistic career as a theatre critic in 1884. He also published political essays under the pseudonym Apostata in several liberal newspapers like the Berliner Tageblatt edited by Rudolf Mosse.\nFrom 1892 Harden published the journal Die Zukunft (The Future) in Berlin. His baroque style was mocked by former friend Karl Kraus, who wrote a satire about \"translations from Harden\".Initially a monarchist, Harden became a fierce critic of Kaiser Wilhelm II and his entourage around Prince Philip of Eulenburg and General Kuno von Moltke. His public accusations of homosexual behaviour \u2013 according to Paragraph 175 a criminal offence at that time \u2013 from 1906 on led to numerous trials and did sustained damage to the reputation of the ruling House of Hohenzollern and the German jurisdiction. In reaction Karl Kraus, disgusted by the public display of intimate details, wrote an obituary: Maximilian Harden. Eine Erledigung (A Settlement).\nBy 1914, Harden had again moved sufficiently to the right that he welcomed the German invasion of Belgium. During the war, Harden was an annexationist who wrote numerous articles demanding that Germany win the war to annex most of Europe, Africa and Asia to make the Reich the world's greatest power. However, after the war he became a pacifist and supported the Weimar Republic.\nIn the following years Harden's readership diminished. On 3 July 1922, a few days after the assassination of Walther Rathenau, he was severely injured in an assault conducted by Freikorps members. In the following trial the court ruled that his writings had provoked the two assailants, Bert Weichardt and Albert Wilhelm Grenz. Both were charged and sentenced to 2 years and 5 months and 4 years, respectively.\n\nHarden abandoned the publishing of Die Zukunft and in 1923 retired to Montana, Switzerland, where he died four years later. His grave is located in Berlin at the Friedhof Heerstra\u00dfe (Feld 8-C-10 (Reg. 335) (Ehrengrab)). The British historian A. J. P. Taylor wrote: \"Harden was certainly the most brilliant political writer during the reign of Wilhelm II. His paper, Die Zukunft, had a unique influence despite its small circulation. But Harden's spirit was essential critical and destructive. He always took up men when they were down-Bismarck after his fall and Holstein after his resignation. Equally he denounced those were up-Wilhelm II when in power, and even Ebert. His outstanding achievement was to hound Eulenburg from public life-not much to be really proud of. In international affairs, he swung from one extreme to another: at one time a Big Navy man, later an advocate of a naval agreement. At the beginning of the First World War he was a violent annexationist, towards its end a Wilsonian democrat and internationalist. He remained constant only in his high opinion of himself and contempt for everybody else.\"", "Q52814": "Constance Tipper (born Constance Fligg Elam; 16 February 1894 \u2013 14 December 1995) was an English metallurgist and crystallographer. She investigated brittle fracture and the ductile-brittle transition of metals used in the construction of warships, and was the first female full-time faculty member at Cambridge University Department of Engineering.\n\n", "Q192406": "The Communist Party of Greece (Greek: \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039a\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, Kommounistik\u00f3 K\u00f3mma Ell\u00e1das, KKE) is a Marxist\u2013Leninist political party in Greece. \nFounded in 1918 as the Socialist Labour Party of Greece (adopting its current name in November 1924), it is the oldest political party in modern Greek politics. The party was banned in 1936, but played a significant role in the Greek resistance and the Greek Civil War, and its membership peaked in the mid-1940s. Legalization of the KKE was restored following the fall of the Greek military junta of 1967\u20131974.\nThe party has returned MPs in all elections since then, and took part in a coalition government in 1989 when it got more than 13% of the vote.", "Q995265": "Bryn Mawr College ( brin-MAR; Welsh: [\u02ccb\u027e\u0268\u031en\u02c8mau\u032f\u027e]) is a women's liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. Founded as a Quaker institution in 1885, Bryn Mawr is one of the Seven Sister colleges and the Tri-College Consortium. The college has an enrollment of about 1,350 undergraduate students and 450 graduate students. It was the first women's college to offer graduate education through a PhD.", "Q458852": "Magnum Force is a 1973 American action thriller film and the second to feature Clint Eastwood as maverick cop Harry Callahan, after the 1971 film Dirty Harry. Ted Post, who also directed Eastwood in the television series Rawhide and the feature film Hang 'Em High, directed this second installment in the Dirty Harry film series. The screenplay was written by John Milius (who provided an uncredited rewrite for the original film) and Michael Cimino. The film score was once again composed by Lalo Schifrin. This film features early appearances by David Soul, Tim Matheson and Robert Urich.", "Q128830": "Gregory \"Greg\" Baker (born April 16, 1968 in Saint Paul, Minnesota) is an American television and film, actor and musician. He is perhaps best known for his recurring roles as Elliott, a producer on the show Sports Night, Mr. Corelli, Miley Stewart's history teacher on Hannah Montana and his main lead role Burger Pitt on I'm in the Band.", "Q150753": "Fireworks (German: Feuerwerk) is a 1954 West German musical comedy film directed by Kurt Hoffmann and starring Lilli Palmer, Karl Sch\u00f6nb\u00f6ck and Romy Schneider. Palmer's rendition of the song \"O mein Papa\" became a major hit. It was Palmer's debut film in her native Germany, having spent many years in exile in Britain, and launched her career as a major star in the country.\nThe film is based on the 1950 stage musical Das Feuerwerk partly written by Erik Charell. It was made at the Bavaria Studios in Munich and on location in Switzerland. The film's sets were designed by the art director Werner Schlichting.\nIt is a circus film set at the beginning of the twentieth century.", "Q1624932": "Hollywood Forever Cemetery is currently a full-service funeral home, crematory, and cultural art center which regularly hosts community events such as live music and summer movie screenings. It is one of the oldest cemeteries in Los Angeles, California and is located at 6000 Santa Monica Boulevard in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. It was founded in 1899 as Hollywood Cemetery, and later known as Hollywood Memorial Park until 1998 when it was given its current name. The studios of Paramount Pictures are located at the south end of the same block, on 40 acres (16 ha) that were once part of the cemetery but held no interments.\nIndividuals interred in the cemetery include many prominent people from the entertainment industry, as well as people who played vital roles in shaping Los Angeles.", "Q43919": "Salem is the capital of the U.S. state of Oregon, and the county seat of Marion County. It is located in the center of the Willamette Valley alongside the Willamette River, which runs north through the city. The river forms the boundary between Marion and Polk counties, and the city neighborhood of West Salem is in Polk County. Salem was founded in 1842, became the capital of the Oregon Territory in 1851, and was incorporated in 1857.\nSalem had a population of 173,442 in 2018, making it the second-largest city in the state after Portland. Salem is a little under an hour's driving distance away from Portland. Salem is the principal city of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan area that covers Marion and Polk counties and had a combined population of 390,738 at the 2010 census. A 2013 estimate placed the metropolitan population at 400,408, the state's second largest. This area is, in turn, part of the Portland-Vancouver-Salem Combined Statistical Area.\nThe city is home to Willamette University, Corban University, and Chemeketa Community College. The State of Oregon is the largest public employer in the city, and Salem Health is the largest private employer. Transportation includes public transit from Cherriots (legally known as Salem Area Mass Transit District), Amtrak service, and non-commercial air travel at McNary Field. Major roads include Interstate 5, Oregon Route 99E, and Oregon Route 22, which connects West Salem across the Willamette River via the Marion Street and Center Street bridges.\n\n", "Q65060": "Liedertswil (Swiss German: Tschoppehof) is a municipality in the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q320218": "Carl Weathers (born January 14, 1948) is an American actor and former professional football player. He is best known for portraying Apollo Creed in the Rocky series of films, Al Dillon in Predator, Chubbs Peterson in Happy Gilmore and Little Nicky, and a fictionalized version of himself on the comedy series Arrested Development. He currently holds a recurring role as Greef Karga on the Star Wars-spinoff web series, The Mandalorian. As a football player, Weathers played for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League and the B.C. Lions of the Canadian Football League.", "Q361522": "Nathan Morris (born June 18, 1971) is an American singer, businessman, and the founding member of American band Boyz II Men. He was the host of the show Hit Properties on the DIY Network where he bought and renovated a multi-million dollar home, the home eventually foreclosed and went to auction.", "Q328644": "Anthony Peaks (December 26, 1964 \u2013 January 22, 2010), better known as Apache, was an American rapper.\nApache emerged from New Jersey in the late 1980s as a front man for the Flavor Unit, a hip-hop group. He first appeared on the Flavor Unit album, The 45 King Presents The Flavor Unit, in 1990. Apart from his individual records, he also featured on the albums of Naughty By Nature, Queen Latifah, 2Pac and Fat Joe.Apache signed with Tommy Boy/Warner Bros. Records and released his debut album, Apache Ain't Shit (1993), which peaked at number 69 on the Billboard 200 and No. 15 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Also featured on the album was the single \"Gangsta Bitch\", which peaked at number 67 on the Billboard Hot 100 and 11 on the Hot Rap Singles. Apache released the single \"Do Fa Self\" in 1993.\nApache died on January 22, 2010, of undisclosed causes. According to fellow Flavor Unit members Ali Ba-Ski and Lakim Shabazz, the cause of death was heart failure after years of excessive eating, smoking and drinking.", "Q111069": "Joachim Teege (November 30, 1925 \u2013 November 19, 1969) was a German actor.", "Q1861687": "Montana State University (MSU) is a public land-grant research university in Bozeman, Montana. It is the state's largest university. MSU offers baccalaureate degrees in 51 fields, master's degrees in 41 fields, and doctoral degrees in 18 fields through its nine colleges. The university regularly reports annual research expenditures in excess of $100 million, including a record $138.8 million in 2019.\nMore than 16,700 students attend MSU, and the university faculty numbers, including department heads, are 602 full-time and 460 part-time. The university's main campus in Bozeman is home to KUSM television, KGLT radio, and the Museum of the Rockies. MSU provides outreach services to citizens and communities statewide through its agricultural experiment station and 60 county and reservation extension offices.", "Q429715": "Brenda Chapman (born November 1, 1962) is an American writer, storyboard artist, and director. In 1998, she became the first woman to direct an animated feature from a major studio, DreamWorks Animation's The Prince of Egypt. She co-directed the Disney/Pixar film Brave, becoming the first woman to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.", "Q957656": "Peter Andreas Blix (4 November 1831 \u2013 31 January 1901) was a Norwegian architect and engineer best known for designing railway stations and villas in Swiss chalet style. He was also occupied with the conservation of Norwegian stave churches and the construction of canals in 19th century Norway.", "Q167699": "Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, (born 8 November 1932) is a Maltese politician and was the fifth President of Malta from 4 April 1994 until the same day in 1999.", "Q139083": "Theramenes (; Greek: \u0398\u03b7\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2; died 404 BC) was an Athenian statesman, prominent in the final decade of the Peloponnesian War. He was particularly active during the two periods of oligarchic government at Athens, as well as in the trial of the generals who had commanded at Arginusae in 406 BC. A moderate oligarch, he often found himself caught between the democrats on the one hand and the extremist oligarchs on the other. Successful in replacing a narrow oligarchy with a broader one in 411 BC, he failed to achieve the same end in 404 BC, and was executed by the extremists whose policies he had opposed.\nTheramenes was a central figure in four major episodes of Athenian history. He appeared on the scene in 411 BC as one of the leaders of an oligarchic coup, but, as his views and those of the coup's other leaders diverged, he began to oppose their dictates and took the lead in replacing the narrow oligarchy they had imposed with a more broadly based one. He served as a general for several years after this, but was not reelected to that office in 407 BC. After the Battle of Arginusae, in which he served as a trierarch, he was assigned to rescue Athenian sailors from sinking ships, but was prevented from doing so by a storm. That incident prompted a massive furore at Athens, in which Theramenes had to exonerate himself from responsibility for the failed rescue; the controversy ended in the execution of six generals who had commanded at that battle. After the Athenian defeat at Aegospotami in 405 BC, Theramenes arranged the terms by which Athens surrendered to Sparta. He then became a member of the narrow oligarchic government, known as the Thirty Tyrants, that Sparta imposed on its defeated rival. As he had in 411 BC, Theramenes soon came into conflict with the more extreme members of that government; his protests against the reign of terror the Thirty implemented led the leading oligarchs to plot his demise; he was denounced before the oligarchic assembly, and then, when that body appeared reluctant to punish him, struck him from the roster of citizens and executed him without trial.\nTheramenes remained a controversial figure after his death; Lysias vigorously denounced him while prosecuting several of his former political allies, but others defended his actions. Modern historical assessments have shifted over time; in the 19th century, Theramenes's part in the coup of 411 BC and his use of Arginusae were widely condemned, but newly discovered ancient texts and 20th-century scholarship supported more positive assessments. Some historians have found in Theramenes a selfish opportunist, others a principled moderate. The details of his actions, his motivations, and his character continue to be debated down to the present day.", "Q275543": "Virginia Christine (March 5, 1920 \u2013 July 24, 1996) was an American stage, radio, film, television, and voice actress. Though Christine had a long career as a character actress in film and television, she is probably best remembered as \"Mrs. Olson\" (or the \"Folgers Coffee Woman\") in a number of television commercials for Folgers Coffee during the 1960s and '70s.", "Q65706": "Mulegns is a village and a former municipality in the Surs\u00e9s in the district of Albula in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged to form the new municipality of Surses.", "Q524543": "Mikl\u00f3s Gimes (December 23, 1917 in Budapest \u2013 June 16, 1958) was a Hungarian journalist and politician, notable for his role in the 1956 Hungarian revolution. He was executed along with Imre Nagy and P\u00e1l Mal\u00e9ter in 1958 for treason, but subsequently rehabilitated in 1989.\nHis parents were Hungarian Jews, psychiatrists, converts to the Unitarian faith, his mother, Lilly Hajdu was a physician, president of the Hungarian Psychoanalytical Association from 1947 until its forced dissolution in 1949. Gimes became involved in the Hungarian communist movement in 1942, and worked as a journalist in various communist newspapers. In 1955 he was expelled from the Hungarian Working People's Party for calling for the rehabilitation of L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Rajk. As a political friend of Imre Nagy, his membership was reinstated in 1956.\nDuring the Hungarian revolution of 1956, Gimes was heavily involved in both politics and revolutionary journalism. He founded and edited a newspaper along with other revolutionaries, Magyar Szabads\u00e1g. He stood by the revolution even after the Soviet invasion, founding the Hungarian Democratic Independence Movement.\nOn December 5, Gimes was arrested and brought to trial. After a year and a half, he was sentenced to death by the Supreme Court. The execution was carried out on June 16, 1958, when he was aged forty.", "Q359903": "Ado Grenzstein, pseudonym A. Piirikivi (February 5, 1849 - April 20, 1916) was an Estonian journalist, writer and teacher, brother of T\u00f5nis Grenzstein. In 1881 he founded the Olevik newspaper, which become one of the most important Estonian newspapers of the period. The purpose of the paper was \"weaning the Estonian peasant readership away from the 'firebrands and madcaps' who edited Sakala. He soon broke with the Estonian national movement and became an apologist of Russification. He even went further, expressing doubt whether the loss of the Estonian nation would be of any consequence to man-kind. His views have been characterized as \"national nihilism\". In 1901 he left Estonia and settled first in Dresden, and then later in Paris.In an attempt to revitalize the Estonian language, Grenzstein tried to coin words out of nothing (see ex nihilo lexical enrichment) and introduced neologisms such as kabe \"draughts, checkers\" and male \"chess\".", "Q100602": "Ernst Hannawald (born 20 October 1959 in Heidholzen, Germany) is a German television actor.", "Q87783": "Helme Heine (born 4 April 1941 in Berlin) is a best-selling German writer, children's book author, illustrator and designer. He currently lives in New Zealand, writing screenplays, audiobook scripts and creating satirical drawings and sculptures.", "Q25322": "The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Alaska (United States), Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Northern Canada, Norway, Russia, and Sweden. Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover, with predominantly treeless permafrost (permanently frozen underground ice) containing tundra. Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places.\nThe Arctic region is a unique area among Earth's ecosystems. The cultures in the region and the Arctic indigenous peoples have adapted to its cold and extreme conditions. Life in the Arctic includes zooplankton and phytoplankton, fish and marine mammals, birds, land animals, plants and human societies. Arctic land is bordered by the subarctic.", "Q121814": "Oliver Rohrbeck (born March 21, 1965 in Berlin, Germany) is a German television actor and voice actor.\nHis television career includes appearances in shows like Sesame Street, Derrick and Balko.\nHe is better known for his work as a voice actor, his most famous role being the German Jupiter Jones in the audio drama series \"Three Investigators\". He was cast for this role in 1978 and still provides the voice for this character, as well as his fellows Jens Wawrczek and Andreas Fr\u00f6hlich (who dub Pete Crenshaw and Bob Andrews, respectively). Since 2003, they toured the country multiple times to performs plays in front of a live audience, since the series is still very popular in Germany. In 2014, they broke a Guinness World Record when performing the play Phonophobia in front of 20,000 people at the Waldb\u00fchne in Berlin.\nRohrbeck provides his voice for actors like Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, Michael Rapaport, Malcolm-Jamal Warner as Theodore Huxtable on The Cosby Show, Greg Germann in Ally McBeal and many animated characters like Gru in Despicable Me.\nIn addition, Rohrbeck works as an audio book and dubbing director, e.g. for the German localizations of The Green Mile, Rush Hour, 8 Mile.", "Q97590": "Michael Palme (born 1943 in Prague - died February 10, 2010 in Wiesbaden) was a German journalist with particular interest in sports. He also served as a television host and commentator for ZDF for many years.\nIn 2000, the Nationales Olympisches Komitee f\u00fcr Deutschland (National Olympic Committee for Germany) awarded Palme the Silbernen Kugel for his coverage of the Summer Olympics, held in Sydney.", "Q6487738": "The State University of New York at Fredonia (SUNY Fredonia and Fredonia State College) is a public university in Fredonia, New York. It is a constituent college of the State University of New York. Founded in 1826, it is the 66th oldest institute of higher education in the United States, 7th oldest college in New York, and 2nd oldest public school in New York (SUNY) after Potsdam (1816).Fredonia was one of the state teachers' colleges traditionally specializing in music education, but now offers many programs in many areas, including a growing graduate division. The most popular areas of study include science, communication, music, education, and the social sciences. There are 82 majors and 41 minors.\nThe Fredonia campus, located in Chautauqua County (southwest of Buffalo) was designed by prominent architects I.M. Pei and Henry N. Cobb in 1968.", "Q173834": "Oleg Konstantinovich Popov (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u043fo\u0432, 31 July 1930 \u2013 2 November 2016) was a Soviet and Russian clown and circus artist. People's Artist of the USSR (1969).", "Q78031": "Not to be confused with the West German industrialist Fritz Dietz. \n\nFritz Diez (27 February 1901 \u2013 19 October 1979) was a German actor, producer, director and theater manager.", "Q1897677": "Yoshiyuki Baba (\u99ac\u5834 \u7fa9\u4e4b, Baba Yoshiyuki, born 26 September 1946), known professionally as Togo Igawa (\u4f0a\u5ddd \u6771\u543e, Igawa Togo), is a Japanese actor who works primarily in British films and television.\nIn recent years, he has had roles in major motion pictures such as Revolver, Memoirs of a Geisha and The Last Samurai. He has also appeared in the Israeli movie A Matter of Size and the Thomas & Friends movies Hero of the Rails and Misty Island Rescue in 2010. Additionally, Igawa provides the voice for the character Professor Moshimo on the cartoon series Robotboy and the voice for the character Hiro, who first appeared in Hero of the Rails, in Thomas and Friends. He appears in 2011's Johnny English Reborn, the sequel to Johnny English, as English's Tibetan guru and is in the 2012 film Gambit playing businessman Takagawa.\nIgawa voiced the main villain Colonel Lee in the video game Crysis Warhead and the Yakuza character Jiro in the video game Payday 2.\n\n", "Q1591857": "Hayden Thompson (born March 5, 1938) is an American singer, songwriter, and rockabilly musician. He is a member of the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.Thompson was born in Booneville, Mississippi, United States. At high school Thompson formed the Southern Melody Boys, who made a recording which led from a radio session. \"I Feel the Blues Coming On\" was sung by Thompson and gave them another radio appearance on the \"Louisiana Hayride\" show. Thompson then joined the Dixie Jazzlanders who toured Mississippi. He relocated to Memphis, Tennessee and made an unreleased recording in 1956. \"Love My Baby\" was issued on the Phillips International label in September 1957, and Thompson toured alongside Sonny Burgess and Billy Lee Riley. The following year, Thompson moved again, this time to Chicago, Illinois, where he gained a residency at the Rivoli Ballroom, Chicago's latest country music venue.Thompson's recording of \"$16.88\" for Kapp Records sold sufficiently to secure him an offer to record his debut album. Here's Hayden Thompson was released in 1967. Several recordings took place in the early-1970s, but circumstances meant that Thompson left the music industry at this point and worked as a limo driver. He re-emerged in the mid-1980s, becoming a regular performer on rockabilly revival touring packages. Charley Records released an album of his in 1985. Further albums were released, mainly by various European record labels, over the three decades. These included The Time Is Now (1990).", "Q67111": "Franz Pfemfert (20 November 1879, L\u00f6tzen, East Prussia (now Gi\u017cycko, Poland) \u2013 26 May 1954, Mexico City) was a German journalist, editor of Die Aktion, literary critic, politician and portrait photographer. Pfemfert occasionally wrote under the pseudonym U. Gaday (derived from Russian \"ugadaj\", dt: \"guess\").\nIn 1911 he married Alexandra Ramm, who had moved to Berlin from Russia and who was involved in Russian translations.\nPfemfert was involved in founding the Antinationalen Sozialisten-Partei (Antinational Socialist Party), originally a clandestine organisation founded in 1915. Die Aktion became its official organ following the German Revolution in November 1918.He subsequently became close friends with Leon Trotsky, even though he maintained quite distinct political views.After the Nazi seizure of power, Pfemfert fled to Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia. Here the Czech stalinists called for his deportation.", "Q434022": "Maxine Elliott (February 5, 1868 \u2013 March 5, 1940) was an American actress and businesswoman.", "Q38415": "Ernest Taylor Pyle (August 3, 1900 \u2013 April 18, 1945) was a Pulitzer Prize\u2014winning American journalist and war correspondent who is best known for his stories about ordinary American soldiers during World War II. Pyle is also notable for the columns he wrote as a roving human-interest reporter from 1935 through 1941 for the Scripps-Howard newspaper syndicate that earned him wide acclaim for his simple accounts of ordinary people across North America. When the United States entered World War II, he lent the same distinctive, folksy style of his human-interest stories to his wartime reports from the European theater (1942\u201344) and Pacific theater (1945). Pyle won the Pulitzer Prize in 1944 for his newspaper accounts of \"dogface\" infantry soldiers from a first-person perspective. He was killed by enemy fire on Iejima (then known as Ie Shima) during the Battle of Okinawa.\nAt the time of his death in 1945, Pyle was among the best-known American war correspondents. His syndicated column was published in 400 daily and 300 weekly newspapers nationwide. President Harry Truman said of Pyle, \"No man in this war has so well told the story of the American fighting man as American fighting men wanted it told. He deserves the gratitude of all his countrymen.\"\n\n", "Q2025499": "Juho Lallukka (February 3, 1852 in R\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4, Finland \u2013 December 1, 1913 in Viipuri) was a Finnish businessman, commercial counsellor, and a patron of the arts.", "Q115569": "Johann Heinrich Alfred Escher vom Glas, known as Alfred Escher (20 February 1819 \u2013 6 December 1882) was a Swiss politician, business leader and railways pioneer. Thanks to his numerous political posts and his significant role in the foundation and management of the Swiss Northeastern Railway, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Credit Suisse, Swiss Life and the Gotthard Railway, Escher had an unmatched influence on Switzerland's political and economic development in the 19th century.", "Q95387": "Norbert Geis (born January 13, 1939 in Gro\u00dfwallstadt, Bavaria) is a German politician. He is a member of the CSU.", "Q174183": "Magdalen Nabb (16 January 1947 \u2013 18 August 2007) was a British author, best known for the Marshal Guarnaccia detective novels.\nBorn in Church, a village near Accrington in Lancashire as Magdalen Nuttal, she was educated at the Convent Grammar School, Bury, before going on to art college in Manchester, where she studied arts and pottery, which she taught in an art school. In 1975 she moved to Florence in Italy with her son, Liam, even through she didn't speak Italian. There, she continued to work on pottery in a pottery town near Florence, and began writing. It was in Montelupo that she met the model for \"Marshal Guarnaccia\". Her first book, Death of an Englishman, was first published in 1981. All her stories take place in Florence which she describes as a \"very secret city\". She lived near enough to the Carabinieri station to stroll there regularly and have a chat with the marshal, who kept her up to date on crime in the city.\nShe also wrote the Josie Smith books for children and did occasional journalistic pieces for English, German and Italian papers. In 1991 she won the Nestl\u00e9 Smarties Book Prize for Josie Smith and Eileen, the second book in the series. Her final novel, Vita Nuova, was posthumously published in 2008.\nShe died in Florence of a stroke, aged 60.", "Q238443": "Ellen Karolina Sofia Key (Swedish: [\u02c8kej]; 11 December 1849 \u2013 25 April 1926) was a Swedish difference feminist writer on many subjects in the fields of family life, ethics and education and was an important figure in the Modern Breakthrough movement. She was an early advocate of a child-centered approach to education and parenting, and was also a suffragist.\nShe is best known for her book on education Barnets \u00e5rhundrade (1900), which was translated in English in 1909 as The Century of the Child.", "Q109168": "Sylvia Bretschneider (14 November 1960 \u2013 28 April 2019) was a German teacher, education administrator and politician (SPD). She was a member of the Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern from 1994, and became speaker of the state parliament in 2002.\n\n", "Q4799489": "Arthur Alvin Lenroot Jr. (February 18, 1912 \u2013 July 8, 1997) was a Republican member of the Wisconsin Senate, representing the 11th district from 1947 to 1955.He was born in Superior, Wisconsin, and went to University of St. Thomas and University of Wisconsin\u2013Superior. He worked for a railroad and an oil company and was an abstractor and involved in conservation and the tourism industry. Lenroot also served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1942 and 1944 and was a delegate to the 1948 Republican National Convention. According to the Wisconsin Blue Book, he was elected in 1946 and re-elected in 1950, but was defeated in 1954 by Democrat Carl Lauri. He died in Santa Rosa, California.", "Q563620": "Anna Winger (born 1970) is an American writer who lives in Berlin, Germany. She is creator of the television dramas Deutschland 83 and Unorthodox. She is also author of the novel This Must Be the Place (Riverhead). Her personal essays have appeared in The New York Times Magazine, Cond\u00e9 Nast Traveler, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, and S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung. Winger's radio series for NPR Worldwide, Berlin Stories, ran from 2009 to 2013. She speaks English, Spanish and German, but always writes in English.", "Q320556": "John Guare (rhymes with \"air\"; born February 5, 1938) is an American playwright. He is best known as the author of The House of Blue Leaves and Six Degrees of Separation.", "Q338319": "The Max Reinhardt Seminar (Reinhardt Seminar) is the School of Drama at the University of Music and Performing Arts in Vienna, Austria. It is located in the Palais Cumberland, Penzingerstra\u00dfe 9, in Vienna's 14th district (48\u00b011\u203221\u2033N 16\u00b018\u203244\u2033E).\n\n", "Q89786": "Elfriede Gerstl (16 June 1932 \u2013 9 April 2009) was an Austrian author and Holocaust-survivor. Gerstl, who was Jewish, was born in Vienna, where her father worked as a dentist.", "Q926087": "Cynthia N\u00ed Mhurch\u00fa (born 1966) is an Irish barrister from Carlow and previously a broadcaster with Raidi\u00f3 Teilif\u00eds \u00c9ireann (RT\u00c9). She presented Eurovision Song Contest 1994 in Dublin along with Gerry Ryan.\nN\u00ed Mhurch\u00fa initially worked as a teacher in an Irish language school in Carlow and then spent ten years working as a journalist and presenter in RT\u00c9, RT\u00c9 Raidi\u00f3 na Gaeltachta and as a freelancer. She has also been a web columnist for several years and has written extensively on education, training and careers. She became a barrister after leaving RT\u00c9.Cynthia N\u00ed Mhurch\u00fa is married and has two children.", "Q192348": "Benedetto Croce (Italian: [bene\u02c8detto \u02c8kro\u02d0t\u0283e]; 25 February 1866 \u2013 20 November 1952) was an Italian idealist philosopher, historian and politician, who wrote on numerous topics, including philosophy, history, historiography and aesthetics. In most regards, Croce was a liberal, although he opposed laissez-faire free trade and had considerable influence on other Italian intellectuals, including both Marxist Antonio Gramsci and fascist Giovanni Gentile. Croce was President of PEN International, the worldwide writers' association, from 1949 until 1952. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature sixteen times.", "Q55835": "Ryszard Kaczorowski, GCMG ([\u02c8r\u0268\u0282art kat\u0361\u0282\u0254\u02c8r\u0254fsk\u02b2i] (listen); 26 November 1919 \u2013 10 April 2010) was a Polish statesman. From 1989 to 1990, he served as the last President of Poland in exile. He succeeded Kazimierz Sabbat, and resigned his post following Poland's regaining independence from the Soviet sphere of influence and the election of Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa as the first democratically elected President of Poland since before the Second World War. \n\n", "Q1104885": "Coby Scott Bell (born May 11, 1975) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as professional football player Jason Pitts on The CW/BET comedy-drama The Game and police officer Tyrone Davis, Jr. on the NBC drama Third Watch. He also co-starred as Jesse Porter on the USA Network original series Burn Notice. He also appeared in the Amazon original series Mad Dogs.", "Q469319": "Nadia Anjuman (Persian: \u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646\u200e; December 27, 1980 \u2013 November 4, 2005) was a poet from Afghanistan.", "Q1699525": "John Michael Callahan (February 5, 1951 \u2013 July 24, 2010) was an American cartoonist, artist, and musician in Portland, Oregon, noted for dealing with macabre subjects and physical disabilities.", "Q7098": "Buchrain is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q290281": "Natalie Zea (born March 17, 1975) is an American actress known for her performances on television. Zea began her acting career in theatre. Her first major role was on the NBC daytime soap opera Passions (2000\u20132002), where she played the role of Gwen Hotchkiss. Her breakout role was on the ABC primetime soap opera Dirty Sexy Money as socialite Karen Darling, where she starred from 2007 to 2009. Zea also has made many guest appearances on television, starred in a number of independent and made-for-television movies, and had recurring roles in The Shield, Hung, and Californication.\nIn 2010, Zea began starring as Winona Hawkins in the FX critically acclaimed crime drama series, Justified as a regular cast member during the first three seasons and recurring guest star later. In 2013, she also began starring as Claire Matthews in the Fox drama series The Following. Zea also starred as Mickey Holmes-Harris, the lead character, in the canceled-before-airing ABC dramedy series, Members Only, and starred in the TBS sitcom The Detour, which premiered in the spring of 2016 but was later cancelled in 2019.", "Q195427": "Munavvar Samad qizi Kalantarli (Azerbaijani: M\u00fcn\u0259vv\u0259r K\u0259l\u0259nt\u0259rli) (1912, Lankaran \u2013 1962, Baku) was an Azerbaijani actress and folk singer.", "Q296828": "Jacques Fran\u00e7ois Antoine Marie Ibert (15 August 1890 \u2013 5 February 1962) was a French composer of classical music. Having studied music from an early age, he studied at the Paris Conservatoire and won its top prize, the Prix de Rome at his first attempt, despite studies interrupted by his service in World War I.\nIbert pursued a successful composing career, writing (sometimes in collaboration with other composers) seven operas, five ballets, incidental music for plays and films, works for piano solo, choral works, and chamber music. He is probably best remembered for his orchestral works including Divertissement (1930) and Escales (1922).\nAs a composer, Ibert did not attach himself to any of the prevalent genres of music of his time, and has been described as an eclectic. This is seen even in his best-known pieces: Divertissement, for small orchestra is lighthearted, even frivolous, and Escales (1922) is a ripely romantic work for large orchestra.\nIn tandem with his creative work, Ibert was the director of the Acad\u00e9mie de France at the Villa Medici in Rome. During World War II he was proscribed by the pro-Nazi government in Paris, and for a time he went into exile in Switzerland. Restored to his former eminence in French musical life after the war, his final musical appointment was in charge of the Paris Opera and the Op\u00e9ra-Comique.", "Q719120": "The classical guitar (also known as the classic guitar, nylon-string guitar or Spanish guitar) is a member of the guitar family used in classical music. An acoustic wooden string instrument with strings made of gut or nylon, it is a precursor of the modern acoustic and electric guitars, both of which use metal strings. Classical guitars are derived from the Spanish vihuela and gittern in the fifteenth and sixteenth century, which later evolved into the seventeenth and eighteenth century Baroque guitar and later the modern classical guitar in the mid nineteenth century.\nFor a right-handed player, the traditional classical guitar has twelve frets clear of the body and is properly held on the left leg, so that the hand that plucks or strums the strings does so near the back of the sound hole (this is called the classical position). The modern steel string guitar, on the other hand, usually has fourteen frets clear of the body (see Dreadnought) and is commonly played off the hip.\nThe phrase \"classical guitar\" may refer to either of two concepts other than the instrument itself:\n\nthe instrumental finger technique common to classical guitar\u2014individual strings plucked with the fingernails or, rarely, fingertips.\nthe instrument's classical music repertoireThe term modern classical guitar is sometimes used to distinguish the classical guitar from older forms of guitar, which are in their broadest sense also called classical, or more specifically, early guitars. Examples of early guitars include the six-string early romantic guitar (c. 1790\u20131880), and the earlier baroque guitars with five courses.\nThe materials and the methods of classical guitar construction may vary, but the typical shape is either modern classical guitar or that historic classical guitar similar to the early romantic guitars of France and Italy. Classical guitar strings once made of gut are now made of such polymers as nylon, with fine wire wound about the acoustically lower (bass side) strings.\nA guitar family tree may be identified. The flamenco guitar derives from the modern classical, but has differences in material, construction and sound.Today's modern classical guitar was established by the late designs of the 19th-century Spanish luthier, Antonio Torres Jurado.", "Q40586": "The Gipsy Kings are a group of flamenco, salsa and pop musicians from Arles and Montpellier in the south of France who perform in a mixture of languages, mostly in Spanish, but also mixing dialects from the South of France. Although group members were born in France, their parents were mostly gitanos, Spanish gypsies who fled Spain during the 1930s Spanish Civil War. They are known for bringing Catalan rumba, a pop-oriented music distantly derived from traditional flamenco music, to worldwide audiences. The group originally called itself Los Reyes.\nTheir music has a particular rumba flamenca style, with pop influences; many songs of the Gipsy Kings fit social dances, such as salsa and rumba. Their music has been described as a place where \"Spanish flamenco and gypsy rhapsody meet salsa funk\".", "Q229566": "Carmen Kass (born 14 September 1978) is an Estonian model and former political candidate. She has worked as the face of brands such as Versace, Yves Saint Laurent, Gucci, Valentino, Chanel, Calvin Klein, Ralph Lauren, Christian Dior, C\u00e9line, and, for ten consecutive years, Michael Kors. The American edition of Vogue declared her and Gisele B\u00fcndchen the two supermodels of the era in its January 2000 cover.Outside of modeling, Kass ran for the European Parliament in 2004 and was the president of the Estonian Chess Federation from 2004 to 2011.", "Q1054718": "Kidney disease, or renal disease, also known as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney. Nephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease and has several types according to the location of the inflammation. Inflammation can be diagnosed by blood tests. Nephrosis is non-inflammatory kidney disease. Nephritis and nephrosis can give rise to nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome respectively. Kidney disease usually causes a loss of kidney function to some degree and can result in kidney failure, the complete loss of kidney function. Kidney failure is known as the end-stage of kidney disease, where dialysis or a kidney transplant is the only treatment option.\nChronic kidney disease causes the gradual loss of kidney function over time. Acute kidney disease is now termed acute kidney injury and is marked by the sudden reduction in kidney function over seven days. About one in eight Americans (as of 2007) have chronic kidney disease.", "Q67139": "Johann Jakob Moser (18 January 1701 \u2013 30 September 1785) was a German jurist, publicist and researcher, whose work earned him the title \"The Father of German Constitutional Law\" and whose political commitment to the principles of Liberalism caused him to lose academic positions and spend years as a political prisoner.", "Q860978": "Cecilio B\u00e1ez Gonz\u00e1lez (January 1, 1862 \u2013 June 18, 1941) was provisional President of Paraguay from December 8, 1905 to November 25, 1906. He was a member of the Liberal Party.", "Q115541": "Hannah Dakota Fanning (born February 23, 1994) is an American actress. She rose to prominence at the age of seven for her performance as Lucy Dawson in the drama film I Am Sam (2001), for which she received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination at age eight, making her the youngest nominee in SAG history. Fanning played major roles in the films Uptown Girls (2003), The Cat in the Hat (2003), Man on Fire (2004), War of the Worlds (2005), Dreamer (2005), and Charlotte's Web (2006).\nFanning followed with more mature roles, playing Lewellen in Hounddog (2007), Lily in The Secret Life of Bees (2008), the eponymous character in Coraline (2009), Cherie Currie in The Runaways (2010) and Jane Volturi in The Twilight Saga (2009\u20132012). Throughout the 2010s, she continued appearing in independent productions such as the dramas Now Is Good (2012) and Night Moves (2013), the comedy-drama Very Good Girls (2013), and the biographical film Effie Gray (2014). In 2018, she appeared in the heist comedy Ocean's 8 and had a starring role in the period drama miniseries The Alienist. She portrayed Manson girl Squeaky Fromme in the Quentin Tarantino film Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019).\nFanning made her modelling debut in 2009 when she was featured on the cover of fashion magazines Elle, Vanity Fair, and Cosmopolitan, among others. She also appeared in the fashion week in New York in 2014 and at the opening ceremony of Fashion Week New York S/S 2015.", "Q69114": "Trubschachen is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q453091": "Michelle Ferre (\u30df\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\u30fb\u30d5\u30a7\u30ec, Misheru Fere) (born 13 June 1973 in Kobe, Japan) is a French Japanese actress and journalist. She is a former CNN correspondent in Japan, as well as being a former game show host.\nDuring her youth, Michelle lived with her grandparents in Northwestern France before enrolling into an international school in Kobe, Japan. Ferre later enrolled in Sophia University in Tokyo, majoring in International Relations and Political Science. Her ability to speak both English and Japanese led her to pursue a career in journalism. She lived in Tokyo throughout her schooling and professional career.\nMichelle Ferre's first acting experience was opposite Jackie Chan in the 1998 Hong Kong martial arts film Who Am I?. Jackie Chan became intrigued by Ferre's personality while being interviewed on the set of Who Am I?. Chan invited Ferre to audition for the film and she received the co-starring role of Christine Stark.\nFerre's next acting role was in the 2006 Japanese drama So-Run Movie. She also appeared on the stage in Ry\u00f4 Iwamatsu's Akugi.", "Q2252695": "Paperman is a 2012 American black-and-white computer-cel animated romantic comedy short film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and directed by John Kahrs. The short blends traditional and computer animation, and won both the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 85th Academy Awards and the Annie Award for Best Animated Short Subject at the 40th Annie Awards. Paperman was the first animated short film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios to win an Academy Award since It's Tough to Be a Bird in 1970.", "Q93906": "Robert Foster (b. 1949 in Brooklyn, New York) is the author of the Guide to Middle-earth (1971), originally covering The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. After the publication of Tolkien's The Silmarillion, the guide was expanded to cover the latter work and republished as The Complete Guide to Middle-earth (1978). The thoroughness and accuracy of the book has earned it high praise.Foster earned a Ph.D. in English and Medieval Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, and taught subsequently in the English Department at Rutgers University.", "Q486860": "Mountain View is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States, in Silicon Valley. Named for its views of the Santa Cruz Mountains, Mountain View has developed from its origins as a stagecoach stop into one of the principal cities of Silicon Valley. It has a population of 74,066.Situated in the southern end of the peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area, in the northwest corner of Santa Clara County, Mountain View is the location of many high technology companies. In 1956, Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, the first company to develop silicon semiconductor devices in what came to be known as Silicon Valley, was established in the city by William Shockley. Today, the headquarters of many of the world's largest technology companies are in the city, including Google, Mozilla Foundation, Symantec, and Intuit.", "Q1523773": "Gijsbrecht van Brederode (1416 \u2013 Breda, 15 August 1475) was bishop-elect of Utrecht from 1455 to 1456.\n\nGijsbrecht van Brederode was a son of Walraven I van Brederode and the brother of Reinoud II van Brederode. He was provost in Utrecht and as leader of the Hook faction, led the resistance against Rudolf van Diepholt. On 7 April 1455 he was elected bishop by the chapters, but Philip the Good put pressure on pope Calixtus III to appoint Philip's bastard son; David of Burgundy. Philip violently quelled the resistance against this appointment and besieged Deventer. In 1456 Gijsbrecht agreed to retract his claim to the bishopric in return for a large financial compensation. He remained, however, a thorn in the side of David, who imprisoned him together with his brother Reinoud in 1470.", "Q847": "Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court. The object of the game is to maneuver the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.\nTennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages. The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users. The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis. It had close connections both to various field (lawn) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis. During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term tennis referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis.\nThe rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s. Two exceptions are that from 1908 to 1961 the server had to keep one foot on the ground at all times, and the adoption of the tiebreak in the 1970s. A recent addition to professional tennis has been the adoption of electronic review technology coupled with a point-challenge system, which allows a player to contest the line call of a point, a system known as Hawk-Eye.\nTennis is played by millions of recreational players and is also a popular worldwide spectator sport. The four Grand Slam tournaments (also referred to as the Majors) are especially popular: the Australian Open played on hard courts, the French Open played on red clay courts, Wimbledon played on grass courts, and the US Open also played on hard courts.", "Q37068": "Romanticism (also known as the Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1890. Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical. It was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, and the scientific rationalization of nature\u2014all components of modernity. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography, education, the social sciences, and the natural sciences. It had a significant and complex effect on politics, with romantic thinkers influencing liberalism, radicalism, conservatism, and nationalism.The movement emphasized intense emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe\u2014especially that experienced in confronting the new aesthetic categories of the sublimity and beauty of nature. It elevated folk art and ancient custom to something noble, but also spontaneity as a desirable characteristic (as in the musical impromptu). In contrast to the Rationalism and Classicism of the Enlightenment, Romanticism revived medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived as authentically medieval in an attempt to escape population growth, early urban sprawl, and industrialism.\nAlthough the movement was rooted in the German Sturm und Drang movement, which preferred intuition and emotion to the rationalism of the Enlightenment, the events and ideologies of the French Revolution were also proximate factors. Romanticism assigned a high value to the achievements of \"heroic\" individualists and artists, whose examples, it maintained, would raise the quality of society. It also promoted the individual imagination as a critical authority allowed of freedom from classical notions of form in art. There was a strong recourse to historical and natural inevitability, a Zeitgeist, in the representation of its ideas. In the second half of the 19th century, Realism was offered as a polar opposite to Romanticism. The decline of Romanticism during this time was associated with multiple processes, including social and political changes and the spread of nationalism.", "Q57944": "Annaberg-Buchholz (German pronunciation: [\u02c8anab\u025b\u0250\u032fk \u02c8bu\u02d0x.h\u0254lts] (listen)) is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. Lying in the Ore Mountains, it is the capital of the district of Erzgebirgskreis.", "Q11911": "The canton of Bern or Berne (German: Kanton Bern; French: canton de Berne) is the second-largest of the 26 Swiss cantons by both surface area and population. Located in west-central Switzerland, it borders the canton of Jura and the canton of Solothurn to the north. To the west lie the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel, the canton of Fribourg and canton of Vaud. To the south lies the canton of Valais. East of the canton of Bern lie the cantons of Uri, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Lucerne and Aargau.\nThe canton of Bern is bilingual and has a population (as of 31 December 2018) of 1,034,977. As of 2007, the population included 119,930 (or 12.45%) foreigners. The cantonal capital, also the \"federal city\" of Switzerland, is Bern. Other major cities are Thun and Biel/Bienne.", "Q323739": "Steven Lawrence Wynn (born February 21, 1960) is an American singer and songwriter. He led the band The Dream Syndicate from 1981 to 1989 in Los Angeles, afterward began a solo career, and then reformed The Dream Syndicate in 2012.", "Q7154482": "Paul Workman, (born 30 March 1952) is a British scientist noted for his work on the discovery and development of pharmaceutical agents in the field of oncology.", "Q423210": "The Ban\u016b M\u016bs\u0101 brothers (\"Sons of Moses\"), namely Ab\u016b Ja\u02bffar, Mu\u1e25ammad ibn M\u016bs\u0101 ibn Sh\u0101kir (before 803 \u2013 February 873), Ab\u016b al\u2010Q\u0101sim, A\u1e25mad ibn M\u016bs\u0101 ibn Sh\u0101kir (d. 9th century) and Al-\u1e24asan ibn M\u016bs\u0101 ibn Sh\u0101kir (d. 9th century), were three 9th-century Persian scholars who lived and worked in Baghdad. They are known for their Book of Ingenious Devices on automata (automatic machines) and mechanical devices. Another important work of theirs is the Book on the Measurement of Plane and Spherical Figures, a foundational work on geometry that was frequently quoted by both Islamic and European mathematicians.The Banu Musa worked in astronomical observatories established in Baghdad by the Abbasid Caliph al-Ma'mun as well as doing research in the House of Wisdom. They also participated in a 9th-century expedition to make geodesic measurements to determine the length of a degree.", "Q1692316": "John Wayne Airport (IATA: SNA, ICAO: KSNA, FAA LID: SNA) is a commercial and general aviation airport that serves Orange County, California, and the Greater Los Angeles area. The airport is located in an unincorporated area of Orange County, and it is owned and operated by the county. John Wayne Airport is surrounded by the cities of Irvine, Newport Beach, and Costa Mesa, although its IATA airport code and mailing address are both registered to Santa Ana, the county seat. Originally named Orange County Airport, the Orange County Board of Supervisors renamed the airport in 1979 in honor of actor John Wayne, who lived in neighboring Newport Beach and died that year. A statue of John Wayne was installed at the airline terminal in 1982.John Wayne Airport is the sole commercial airport in Orange County. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011\u20132015 categorized it as a primary commercial service airport since it has over 10,000 passenger boardings per year. Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 4,584,147 enplanements in calendar year 2014, an increase from 4,450,628 in 2013. In 2014, John Wayne Airport was the second busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles area (by passenger count) with over 9 million total passengers.As of 2015, the largest airlines at John Wayne Airport were Southwest Airlines, American Airlines, United Airlines, Alaska Airlines, and Delta Air Lines.In addition to the airline terminal, several facilities at the airport serve the general aviation and corporate aviation community. General aviation operations outnumber commercial operations. The only other general aviation airport in Orange County is Fullerton Municipal Airport. \nJohn Wayne Airport has two runways. The main runway, 2L/20R, at 5,701 feet (1,738 m) in length, is one of the shortest of any major airport in the United States, and passenger airliners at the airport have never been larger than the Boeing 757 (though some larger cargo aircraft fly from SNA, such as the FedEx A300/310). Runway 2R/20L is 2,887 feet (880 m) long and serves general aviation aircraft. No wide-body passenger airliners have ever been scheduled at SNA.\nJohn Wayne Airport is 14 miles (23 km) from Orange County's largest tourist attraction \u2013 the Disneyland Resort. (LAX is 35 miles (56 km) from Disneyland.)", "Q4731505": "Allen Alley (born August 3, 1954) is an American businessman and Republican politician from the State of Oregon. He sought the Republican nomination for Governor of Oregon in the 2016 Oregon gubernatorial special election, losing to Bud Pierce. Alley also sought the Republican nomination in 2010, but lost to Chris Dudley. Alley was the Republican nominee for Oregon State Treasurer in 2008 and also served as chairman of the Oregon Republican Party from January 2011 to February 2013.", "Q46849": "Reichenbach im Vogtland is a town in the Vogtlandkreis district of Saxony, Germany. With a population of 20,928 (2017-09-30), it is the second largest town in the Vogtlandkreis after Plauen. It lies by the A72 between Plauen (at c. 18 km) and Zwickau (at c. 19 km).", "Q85802": "Hans Lukaschek (22 May 1885 \u2013 26 January 1960) was a German lawyer and politician.\nLukaschek, born 1885 in Breslau (now known to English speakers by its Polish name, Wroc\u0142aw), had started his political career in the Catholic Center Party as a mayor and landrat in Upper Silesian Rybnik and Hindenburg (Zabrze). After the First World War served as German propaganda chief throughout the Upper Silesia plebiscite. Lukaschek headed a committee that investigated all possibilities to engage in plebiscite propaganda. The Silesian Committee was to create common propaganda themes to which all factions could subscribe, and was helped in its task by money from German government. Lukaschek propaganda actions were also sponsored by state finances. He remained in Polish Silesia till 1927, officially as a member of mixed Polish-German Commission organised under the auspice of League of Nations, in secret he organised a spying network for Germany in Polish Upper Silesia during that time. When the network was discovered in years 1926\u20131927, Polish minister Zaleski asked the commission for cancellation of Lukaschek's position. Lukaschek offered his resignation in Berlin, after the first attempt was rejected by German state, he offered it second time, stating that he no longer is able to conduct his mission.He was Oberpr\u00e4sident (chief administrator) of the Prussian Province of Upper Silesia, in this role he was active against Poles in his region; after a Polish gymnasium was opened in Bytom he issued a letter to German government claiming that it represented a threat to German interests, and ordered close surveillance of both teachers and Polish pupils. As a state official Lukaschek tried to conceal his anti-Polish stance, while discreetly opposing re-approachment between Poles and Germans pursued by some German catholic and pacifist organisations in his region.He was removed from his offices by the Nazis and, as a lawyer practicing in Breslau joined the anti-Nazi resistance (Kreisauer Kreis) until his imprisonment in 1944/45.\nThe Nazi court acquitted him in trial\nThe July 20th plotters who wanted to remove Hitler from power, but also to keep Poland occupied by Germany and restore borders from 1914, planned to make Lukaschek the governor of Silesia.After the war, Lukaschek joined the Christian Democrates in the Soviet Occupation Zone and became minister in Thuringia before he fled to the Allied occupation zones in 1947 and in April of the following year was appointed vice president of the British and US zones' supreme court. From 1949 to 1953, he was minister for the expellees in West Germany. In August 1952 Lukaschek was reported by British press as saying that Germany's former eastern territories, ' including those occupied by Czechoslovakia will become German again, the paper naming him a \"neo-nationalist voice\".\nHe was also an honorary chairman of General Association for the Protection of Officials an organisations focused on the interests of those who managed to successfully pass the denazification process, and which was engaged in vigorous propaganda on behalf of Germans expelled from Central and Eastern Europe, Lukashek was also engaged in convincing German ministry of finance to provide 350 million marks annually by the West German state for former officials of Nazi Germany.", "Q952060": "John Keith Vernon (born Adolphus Raymondus Vernon Agopsowicz; February 24, 1932 \u2013 February 1, 2005) was a Canadian actor. He made a career in Hollywood after achieving initial television stardom in Canada. He was best known for playing Dean Wormer in Animal House, his role as the Mayor in Dirty Harry and as Fletcher in The Outlaw Josey Wales.", "Q433003": "Birgit Sarrap (n\u00e9e \u00d5igemeel, born 24 September 1988), also known as simply Birgit, is an Estonian singer. \u00d5igemeel rose to prominence in 2007 after winning the first season of Eesti otsib superstaari, the Estonian version of Idol. Her debut self-titled studio album was later released in 2008. \u00d5igemeel has gone on to release four other studio albums in her career.\n\u00d5igemeel represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 with the song \"Et uus saaks alguse\" after winning Eesti Laul 2013. She qualified for the grand final, where she placed 20th.", "Q108510": "James Garner (born James Scott Bumgarner; April 7, 1928 \u2013 July 19, 2014) was an American actor, producer, and voice artist. He starred in several television series over more than five decades, including popular roles such as Bret Maverick in the 1950s western series Maverick and as Jim Rockford in the 1970s private detective show, The Rockford Files. He played leading roles in more than 50 theatrical films, including The Great Escape (1963) with Steve McQueen, Paddy Chayefsky's The Americanization of Emily (1964) with Julie Andrews, Grand Prix (1966), Blake Edwards's Victor/Victoria (1982), and Murphy's Romance (1985) with Sally Field, for which he received an Academy Award nomination. Garner's career and popularity continued through another decade in movies like Space Cowboys (2000) with Clint Eastwood, and The Notebook (2004) with Gena Rowlands.\n\n", "Q63439": "Alexander Hacke (also known as Alexander von Borsig, Alex Hacke, Hacke, born 11 October 1965) is a guitarist, bass guitarist, singer, musician, record producer, writer and film maker from Germany. He is primarily known as a longtime member of the influential German industrial music group Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten.\nHacke has released two full-length solo albums, and has also collaborated with many other artists, such as Robert Rutman, The Tiger Lillies, Danielle de Picciotto, FM Einheit, Crime & the City Solution, Phew, Gianna Nannini, Gry, Miranda Sex Garden, Terranova, Sprung Aus Den Wolken, Wovenhand, David Yow, Mona Mur, Die Ichs, Schlaflose Naechte, Fred Alpi and others.", "Q22303": "Wang Jingwei (Wang Ching-wei; 4 May 1883 \u2013 10 November 1944), born as Wang Zhaoming (Wang Chao-ming), but widely known by his pen name \"Jingwei\", was a Chinese politician. He was initially a member of the left wing of the Kuomintang (KMT), leading a government in Wuhan in opposition to the right wing government, but later became increasingly anti-communist after his efforts to collaborate with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) ended in political failure. His political orientation veered sharply to the right later in his career after he collaborated with the Japanese.\nWang was a close associate of Sun Yat-sen for the last twenty years of Sun's life. After Sun's death in 1925 Wang engaged in a political struggle with Chiang Kai-shek for control over the Kuomintang, but lost. Wang remained inside the Kuomintang, but continued to have disagreements with Chiang until the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, after which he accepted an invitation from the Japanese Empire to form a Japanese-supported collaborationist government in Nanjing. Wang served as the head of state for this Japanese puppet government until he died, shortly before the end of World War II. Although he is still regarded as an important contributor in the Xinhai Revolution, his collaboration with Imperial Japan is a subject of academic debate, and the typical narratives often regard him as a traitor in the War of Resistance.", "Q64356": "Friedrich Christian Diez (15 March 1794 \u2013 29 May 1876) was a German philologist. The two works on which his fame rests are the Grammar of the Romance Languages (published 1836-1844), and the Etymological Dictionary of the Romance Languages (1853, and later editions). He spent most of his career at University of Bonn.", "Q44086": "Carl Orff (German: [\u02c8\u0254\u0250\u032ff]; (1895-07-10)10 July 1895 \u2013 (1982-03-29)29 March 1982) was a German composer and music educator, best known for his cantata Carmina Burana (1937). The concepts of his Schulwerk were influential for children's music education.", "Q185152": "Puyi (Chinese: \u6ea5\u5100; 7 February 1906 \u2013 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the 12th and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty. As a child, he reigned as the Xuantong Emperor (pronounced [\u0255w\u00e1nt\u02b0\u028a\u0300\u014b]; Chinese: \u5ba3\u7d71\u5e1d; Manchu: \u1864\u185d\u1865\u1860\u1829\u1864\u185d \u1836\u1823\u1830\u1823 \u1865\u1861\u1838\u1820\u1829\u1869\u1873;\u2002M\u00f6llendorff: gehungge yoso h\u016bwangdi) in China and Khevt Yos Khaan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution. \nHe was briefly restored to the throne as emperor by the warlord Zhang Xun from 1 July to 12 July 1917.\nIn 1932, after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, the puppet state of Manchukuo was established by Japan, and he was chosen to become \"Emperor\" of the new state using the era-name of Datong (Ta-tung). In 1934, he was declared the Kangde Emperor (or Kang-te Emperor) of Manchukuo and ruled until the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945. After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 10 years, wrote his memoirs and became a titular member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress.", "Q7926": "D\u00fcsseldorf is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the north-west of the country. It covers the western part of the Ruhr Area, as well as the Niederrheinische Tiefebene, the lower Rhine area. It is the most populated of all German administrative areas of the kind. It is the only area in Germany where the traditional dialects are Low Franconian, rather than Low German or High German.\nIt was created as a subdivision of the Prussian Rhineland when Prussia reformed its internal administration in 1815. In 1822 the Regierungsbezirk Kleve was incorporated into Regierungbezirk D\u00fcsseldorf.\nIts highest point is the Brodtberg (378 m).", "Q692107": "Frano Supilo (30 November 1870 \u2013 25 September 1917) was a Croatian politician and journalist. He opposed the Austro-Hungarian domination of Europe prior to World War I. He participated in the debates leading to the formation of Yugoslavia as a member of the Yugoslav Committee. The author, R. A. Stradling, calls him \"one of the most capable Croatian politicians ever.\"", "Q2686633": "DeObia Oparei (born 7 July 1971) is an English actor and playwright. He is best known for his roles as the Gunner in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011) and as Thundarian in Your Highness (2011).", "Q74151": "Thomas Mann (born 28 January 1946) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1999 until 2019. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party. He was the President of the Tibet Intergroup of the European Parliament from 1999.", "Q1414861": "The University of Exeter is a public research university in Exeter, Devon, South West England, United Kingdom. It was founded and received its royal charter in 1955, although its predecessor institutions, St Luke's College, Exeter School of Science, Exeter School of Art, and the Camborne School of Mines were established in 1838, 1855, 1863, and 1888 respectively. In post-nominals, the University of Exeter is abbreviated as Exon. (from the Latin Exoniensis), and is the suffix given to honorary and academic degrees from the university.\nThe university has four campuses: Streatham and St Luke's (both of which are in Exeter); and Truro and Penryn (both of which are in Cornwall). The university is primarily located in the city of Exeter, Devon, where it is the principal higher education institution. Streatham is the largest campus containing many of the university's administrative buildings The Penryn campus is maintained in conjunction with Falmouth University under the Combined Universities in Cornwall (CUC) initiative. The Exeter Streatham Campus Library holds more than 1.2 million physical library resources, including historical journals and special collections.Exeter was named the Sunday Times University of the Year in 2013 and was the Times Higher Education University of the Year in 2007. It has maintained a top ten position in the National Student Survey since the survey was launched in 2005. The annual income of the institution for 2017\u201318 was \u00a3415.5 million of which \u00a376.1 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3414.2 million.Exeter is a member of the Russell Group of leading research-intensive UK universities and is also a member of Universities UK, the European University Association, and the Association of Commonwealth Universities and an accredited institution of the Association of MBAs (AMBA).", "Q107637": "Gunnar Uldall (17 November 1940 \u2013 14 November 2017) was a German politician and former state minister of Economy and Labour in Hamburg. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).\nUldall was born on 17 November 1940 in Hamburg, he was married with 3 children. After his Abitur in 1960 and his conscription to the armed forces (1960\u20131962), Uldall studied economics at the University of Hamburg and earned his degree in 1966. From 1966 he worked as a management consultant.In 1962 Uldall became a member of the CDU and was elected to the Hamburg Parliament in 1966. He was a member of the state legislative until 1983, when he was elected to the German federal diet until 2001. From 2001 to 2008 Uldall was state minister of Economic Affairs and Employment.Uldall died on 14 November 2017, shortly before his 77th birthday.", "Q1388807": "Sala Baker is an actor and stuntman from New Zealand. He is best known for portraying the villain Sauron in the Lord of the Rings trilogy by Peter Jackson.", "Q264314": "Hertta Elina Kuusinen (14 February 1904, Luhanka \u2013 18 March 1974, Moscow) was a Finnish Communist politician. She was a member of the central committee (1944-1971) and the political bureau of the Communist Party of Finland; member of Finland's parliament, the Eduskunta (1945\u20131972); general secretary (1952\u20131958); and leader of the parliamentary group of the Finnish People's Democratic League.", "Q64342": "Scharans (Romansh: Scharons) is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q212282": "SkyTeam is an airline alliance. Founded in June 2000, SkyTeam was the last of the three major airline alliances to be formed, the first two being Star Alliance and Oneworld. Its annual passenger count is 630 million (2019), the second largest of the three major alliances.As of January 2019, SkyTeam consists of 19 carriers from five continents and operates with the slogan \"Caring more about you\". It also operates a cargo alliance named SkyTeam Cargo, which partners ten carriers, all of them SkyTeam members. Its centralised management team, SkyTeam Central, is based at the World Trade Center Schiphol Airport on the grounds of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in Haarlemmermeer, Netherlands.As of November 2019, SkyTeam flies to more than 1,150 destinations in more than 175 countries and operates more than 14,500 daily flights. The alliance and its members have 750 lounges worldwide.", "Q930197": "Nathan Glazer (February 25, 1923 \u2013 January 19, 2019) was an American sociologist who taught at the University of California, Berkeley, and for several decades at Harvard University. He was a co-editor of the now-defunct policy journal The Public Interest.Known for books such as Beyond the Melting Pot, which deal with race and ethnicity, Glazer was critical of some of the Great Society programs of the mid-1960s.\nHe was often considered neoconservative in his thinking on domestic policy, but remained a Democrat.\nHe described himself as \"indifferent\" to the neoconservative label with which he is most associated and remarked that it was an appellation not of his choosing.", "Q1334040": "Grady Chapman (October 1, 1929 \u2013 January 4, 2011) was best known as the American lead singer of doo wop group The Robins.", "Q43925": "Steal (originally titled Riders) is a 2002 action film directed by G\u00e9rard Pir\u00e8s and starring Stephen Dorff, Natasha Henstridge, Bruce Payne and Steven Berkoff. It was written by Mark Ezra and G\u00e9rard Pir\u00e8s.", "Q320224": "Nicholas Bernard James Adam Byrne, Jr. (born 9 October 1978) is an Irish singer, songwriter, radio presenter, dancer, television presenter and former professional footballer, best known for being a member of Irish music band Westlife; he is the band's oldest member. Westlife has since released twelve albums, embarked on thirteen world tours, and won several awards, becoming one of the most successful musical groups of all time.\nBefore his music career, he played professional football, representing Republic of Ireland at several junior levels. Since then he has had a successful TV and radio presenting career. His wife Georgina is the daughter of former Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern, and they have twin sons called Rocco Bertie Byrne and Jay Nicky Byrne and a daughter called Gia.\nOn 7 September 2012, it was announced that Byrne would be a contestant for the tenth series of Strictly Come Dancing. He was the ninth contestant to be eliminated. He was ranked number two on Ireland's Sexiest Man of 2014. After RT\u00c9 internally chose him to represent Ireland, he released the song \"Sunlight\" and performed it in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 competition in Stockholm on 12 May 2016, but failed to advance to the 14 May final.", "Q72520": "Rolf Schimpf (born 14 November 1924 in Berlin, Germany) is a German television actor.", "Q111055": "Wilhelm Henning (born 26 July 1879 in Bruchsal, Baden - death unknown) was a German military officer and right-wing politician.\n\n", "Q106529": "Alain Fabien Maurice Marcel Delon (French: [al\u025b\u0303 d\u0259l\u0254\u0303]; born 8 November 1935) is a French actor and businessman. He is known as one of Europe's most prominent actors and screen sex symbols from the 1960s. He achieved critical acclaim for roles in films such as Rocco and His Brothers (1960), Plein Soleil (1960), L'Eclisse (1962), The Leopard (1963), The Yellow Rolls-Royce (1965), Lost Command (1966) and Le Samoura\u00ef (1967). Over the course of his career Delon worked with many well known directors, including Luchino Visconti, Jean-Luc Godard, Jean-Pierre Melville, Michelangelo Antonioni and Louis Malle. He acquired Swiss citizenship in 1999.", "Q158333": "Heaven Shall Burn are a German extreme metal band from Saalfeld, formed in 1996. The band consists of vocalist Marcus Bischoff, guitarists Maik Weichert and Alexander Dietz, bassist Eric Bischoff and drummer Christian Bass. They are currently signed to Century Media. They have released eight studio albums, as well as a number of other records. One of their album, Veto, entered the German Album Charts at #2 in 2013., with their latest, Of Truth and Sacrifice reaching number 1.\nHeaven Shall Burn's musical style has been described as metalcore, melodic death metal and deathcore. Their lyrics often express heavy support for anti-racism and anti-fascism. They also have lyrics about resistance, oppression and animal rights. All members are vegans or vegetarians and most follow or followed a straight edge lifestyle.", "Q24766": "Sir John Mandeville is the supposed author of The Travels of Sir John Mandeville, a travel memoir which first circulated between 1357 and 1371. The earliest surviving text is in French.\nBy aid of translations into many other languages, the work acquired extraordinary popularity. Despite the extremely unreliable and often fantastical nature of the travels it describes, it was used as a work of reference\u2014Christopher Columbus, for example, was heavily influenced by both this work and Marco Polo's earlier Travels.", "Q550598": "Bryon Anthony McCane II (born September 12, 1976), better known by his stage name Bizzy Bone, A.K.A. Lil' Ripsta, is an American rapper, singer and the youngest member of the Cleveland rap group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony.", "Q463620": "The Broadway Melody, also known as The Broadway Melody of 1929, is a 1929 American pre-Code musical film and the first sound film to win an Academy Award for Best Picture. It was one of the first musicals to feature a Technicolor sequence, which sparked the trend of color being used in a flurry of musicals that would hit the screens in 1929\u20131930. Today the Technicolor sequence is lost; only a black and white copy survives in available versions. The film was the first musical released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was Hollywood's first all-talking musical.\nThe Broadway Melody was written by Norman Houston and James Gleason from a story by Edmund Goulding, and directed by Harry Beaumont. Original music was written by Arthur Freed and Nacio Herb Brown, including the popular hit \"You Were Meant for Me\". The George M. Cohan classic \"Give My Regards to Broadway\" is used under the opening establishing shots of New York City, its film debut. Bessie Love was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance.", "Q853": "Andrei Arsenyevich Tarkovsky (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [\u0250n\u02c8dr\u02b2ej \u0250r\u02c8s\u02b2en\u02b2j\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 t\u0250r\u02c8kofsk\u02b2\u026aj]; 4 April 1932 \u2013 29 December 1986) was a Russian filmmaker, writer, and film theorist. He is widely considered one of the greatest and most influential directors in the history of Russian and world cinema. His films explored spiritual and metaphysical themes, and are noted for their slow pacing and long takes, dreamlike visual imagery, and preoccupation with nature and memory.Tarkovsky studied film at Moscow's State Institute of Cinematography under filmmaker Mikhail Romm, and subsequently directed his first five feature films in the Soviet Union: Ivan's Childhood (1962), Andrei Rublev (1966), Solaris (1972), Mirror (1975), and Stalker (1979). After years of creative conflict with state film authorities, Tarkovsky left the country in 1979 and made his final two films abroad; Nostalghia (1983) and The Sacrifice (1986) were produced in Italy and Sweden respectively. In 1986, he also published a book about cinema and art entitled Sculpting in Time. He died of cancer later that year.\nTarkovsky was the recipient of several awards at the Cannes Film Festival throughout his career (including the FIPRESCI prize, the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury, and the Grand Prix Sp\u00e9cial du Jury) and winner of the Golden Lion award at the Venice Film Festival for his debut film Ivan's Childhood. In 1990, he was posthumously awarded the Soviet Union's prestigious Lenin Prize. Three of his films\u2014Andrei Rublev, Mirror, and Stalker\u2014featured in Sight & Sound's 2012 poll of the 50 greatest films of all time.", "Q238319": "Sarah Sanguin Carter (born October 30, 1980) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her recurring role as Alicia Baker in the superhero series Smallville (2004\u20132005) and main role as Maggie in the TNT science fiction series Falling Skies (2011\u20132015).", "Q3291285": "Marianne (French pronunciation: \u200b[ma\u02c8\u0281jan]) is a weekly Paris-based French news magazine.", "Q76746": "Karl Ernst Haushofer (27 August 1869 \u2013 10 March 1946) was a German general, professor, geographer, and politician. Through his student Rudolf Hess, Haushofer's ideas known as Geopolitik influenced the development of Adolf Hitler's expansionist strategies, although Haushofer denied direct influence on Nazi Germany. Under the Nuremberg Laws, Haushofer's wife and children were categorized as Mischlinge. His son, Albrecht, was issued a German Blood Certificate through the help of Hess.", "Q432309": "Musetta Vander (born Musetta van der Merwe; 26 May 1963) is a South African actress, model and dancer.", "Q1852517": "Dan Bern (also known as Bernstein; born July 27, 1965) is an American guitarist, singer, songwriter, novelist and painter. His music has been compared to that of Bob Dylan, Woody Guthrie, Bruce Springsteen, Phil Ochs and Elvis Costello.He is a prolific composer, having written over one thousand songs. He wrote the novel Quitting Science (2004) under the pen name Cunliffe Merriwether and wrote the preface under his own name.", "Q2692652": "Willem Bastiaensz Schepers (8 October 1619 \u2013 21 January 1704) was a Dutch admiral. Having made his career as a shipping magnate in Rotterdam, Schepers was rewarded in 1673 for his political support to the new Orangist regime, by being made lieutenant admiral. In 1688, he organised the transport fleet for the Glorious Revolution.", "Q434778": "Nicholas Brendon Schultz (born April 12, 1971) is an American actor and writer. He is best known for playing Xander Harris in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997\u20132003) and Kevin Lynch in Criminal Minds (2007\u20132014). In 2014, he was writing for the Buffy Season 10 comic book.", "Q1005543": "\u00c1ngel Tavira Maldonado (July 3, 1924 \u2013 June 30, 2008) was a Mexican composer, musician and violinist of son calentano. He was awarded the Best Actor Award on the 2006 Cannes Film Festival in the Un Certain Regard section for his role in the movie The Violin.", "Q2606741": "Slash Records was an American record label originally specializing in local punk rock bands, active from 1978 to 2000. It was notable as one of the first and most successful independent record labels in alternative music, before its eventual acquisition by Warner Music Group.", "Q57788": "Hun Sen (Khmer: \u17a0\u17ca\u17bb\u1793 \u179f\u17c2\u1793; born 5 August 1952) is a Cambodian politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Cambodia since 1985, the longest-serving head of government of Cambodia, and one of the longest-serving leaders in the world. He is also the president of the Cambodian People's Party (CPP) and a member of the National Assembly for Kandal. His full honorary title is Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen (Khmer: \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178f\u17c1\u1785\u17a2\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u1798\u17a0\u17b6\u179f\u17c1\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u178f\u17b8 \u178f\u17c1\u1787\u17c4 \u17a0\u17ca\u17bb\u1793 \u179f\u17c2\u1793; meaning \"Lord Prime Minister, Supreme Military Commander Hun Sen\"). Born Hun Bunal, he changed his name to Hun Sen in 1972 two years after joining the Khmer Rouge. From 1979 to 1986 and again from 1987 to 1990, he served as Cambodia's foreign minister. \nSince 1997, Hun Sen has led the CPP to consecutive victories and is currently serving in his fifth prime ministerial term. In June 2015, following the death of Chea Sim, Hun Sen was elected president of the CPP. In 2018, he was elected to a sixth term in a largely unopposed poll, with the CPP winning every seat in the National Assembly.Hun Sen was 32 years old when he became Prime Minister, making him at that time the world's youngest head of government. He has been described as a \"wily operator who destroys his political opponents\" by The Sydney Morning Herald and as a dictator who has assumed authoritarian power in Cambodia using violence, intimidation and corruption to maintain his power base. Under his government, thousands of opposition activists, politicians, environmentalists and human rights workers have been murdered, where a majority of the cases were never investigated due to the political ties with the incumbent administration. Hun Sen has accumulated highly centralized power within Cambodia, including a personal guard said to have capabilities rivalling those of the country's regular army, making coup attempts virtually impossible.", "Q3014237": "Daniel Johnson Jr., (born December 24, 1944) is a former Quebec politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party of Quebec and was the 25th Premier of the Province of Quebec, Canada for nine months in 1994 until his party's defeat in the provincial general election.\n\n", "Q2495191": "Novodevichy Cemetery (Russian: \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u044c\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435) in Saint Petersburg is a historic cemetery in the south-west part of the city near the Moscow Triumphal Gate. The cemetery is named after the historical Resurrection (Novodevichy) Convent. In the 19th century it was the second most prestigious cemetery after the Tikhvin Cemetery in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery.\nThe cemetery started in 1845 when the Smolny Convent was moved to this location. The first burials date to 1849. In the 1920s and 1930s, the cemetery church was demolished by the Soviet authorities (1929) and many tombs were destroyed, while other burials were transferred to the Tikhvin Cemetery. In 1989, major restoration work was carried out at the cemetery.\nNotable people formerly interred at the Novodevichy Cemetery include the poets Nikolay Nekrasov and Fyodor Tyutchev, the painter Mikhail Vrubel, the architect Leonty Benois, the composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, the philologist Yakov Grot, the publisher A. F. Marx, the chess-player Mikhail Chigorin, the politician Vyacheslav Pleve and the explorer Gennady Nevelskoi.\nMany people (even Petersburgers) confuse the cemetery with the Novodevichy Cemetery at the Novodevichy Convent in Moscow.", "Q85816": "Walter von Keudell (17 July 1884 \u2013 7 May 1973) was a German forest expert and politician. He served as interior minister of Germany between 1927 and 1928 during the period of the Weimar Republic.", "Q2264333": "Alexander Dmitrievich Protopopov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0301\u043f\u043e\u0432; 18 December 1866 \u2013 27 October 1918) was a Russian publicist and politician who served as Minister of the Interior from September 1916 to February 1917. \nProtopopov became a leading liberal politician in Russia and elected to the State Duma with the Octobrist Party. Protopopov was appointed Minister of the Interior with the support of Empress Alexandra during the midst of World War I, but his inexperience and mental instability failed to relieve the effects of the war on Russia and contributed to the decline of the Imperial government. Protopopov remained Minister of the Interior despite attempts to remove him for his policy failures, worsening mental state, and close relationship with Grigori Rasputin until he was forced to resign shortly before the February Revolution.\nAccording to Bernard Pares \"[Protopopov] was merely a political agent; but his intentions as to policy, considering the post which he held, are of historical interest.\"", "Q335629": "Devin Garrett Townsend (born May 5, 1972) is a Canadian musician, songwriter and record producer. He founded extreme metal band Strapping Young Lad and was its primary songwriter, vocalist, and guitarist from 1994 to 2007, and has an extensive career as a solo artist.\nAfter performing in a number of heavy metal bands in high school, Townsend was discovered by a record label in 1993 and asked to perform lead vocals on Steve Vai's album Sex & Religion. After recording and touring with Vai, Townsend was discouraged by what he found in the music industry, and vented his anger on the solo album Heavy as a Really Heavy Thing, released under the pseudonym Strapping Young Lad. He soon assembled a band under the name, and released the critically acclaimed City in 1997. Since then, he has released three more studio albums with Strapping Young Lad, along with solo material released under his own independent record label, HevyDevy Records.\nTownsend's solo albums, a mix of hard rock, progressive metal, ambient, and new-age, have featured a varying lineup of supporting musicians. In 2002 he formed the Devin Townsend Band, a dedicated lineup which recorded and toured for two of his solo releases. In 2007, he disbanded both Strapping Young Lad and the Devin Townsend Band, taking a break from touring to spend more time with his family. After a two-year hiatus, he began recording again, and soon announced the formation of the Devin Townsend Project. The project began with a series of four albums, released from 2009 to 2011, each written in a different style. Townsend continued to record and tour under the new moniker until January 2018.\nAcross all his bands and projects, Townsend has released twenty-three studio albums and four live albums. Townsend's trademark production style, featuring a heavily multitracked wall of sound, has been compared to the styles of Robert Fripp and Frank Zappa. His vocal delivery ranges from screaming to an opera-esque singing. Townsend's musical style is rooted in metal, and his albums are written to express different aspects of his personality.", "Q229572": "Kyra Minturn Sedgwick (born August 19, 1965) is an American actress, producer, and director. She is best known for her starring role as Deputy Chief Brenda Leigh Johnson on the TNT crime drama The Closer. For her portrayal of Johnson, Sedgwick won a Golden Globe Award in 2007 and an Emmy Award in 2010. The series ended on August 13, 2012, following the completion of its seventh season. Sedgwick is also known for her recurring role as Madeline Wuntch on the sitcom Brooklyn Nine-Nine.\nSedgwick was nominated for a Golden Globe award for her performance in Something to Talk About (1995). Sedgwick's other film roles include Oliver Stone's Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Cameron Crowe's Singles (1992), Heart and Souls (1993), Phenomenon (1996), What's Cooking (2000), Secondhand Lions (2003), The Game Plan (2007), and The Possession (2012). She also had a starring role in the critically acclaimed 2016 comedy-drama movie The Edge of Seventeen.", "Q186329": "Michael Holbrook Penniman Jr. (born 18 August 1983), known by his stage name Mika ( MEE-k\u0259, stylised as MIKA), is a Lebanese-born English recording artist and singer-songwriter.\nAfter recording his first extended play, Dodgy Holiday, Mika was named the number-one predicted breakthrough act of 2007 in an annual BBC poll of music critics, Sound of 2007. Mika released his first full-length studio album, Life in Cartoon Motion, on Island Records in 2007, which sold more than 5.6 million copies worldwide and helped Mika win a Brit Award\u2014winning Best British Breakthrough act, and receive a Grammy Award nomination. He topped the UK Singles Chart in January 2007 with \"Grace Kelly\". He has since gone on to record four more studio albums (most recently My Name is Michael Holbrook released in October 2019), as well as serve as judge/mentor on both the French version of The Voice and the Italian version of X Factor. Mika has also starred in his own television variety show in Italy, Stasera Casa Mika, which won the 2017 Rose d'Or Award for Entertainment.", "Q41854": "Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics antihero Ghost Rider. It is a standalone sequel to the 2007 film Ghost Rider and features Nicolas Cage reprising his role as Johnny Blaze / Ghost Rider with supporting roles portrayed by Ciar\u00e1n Hinds, Violante Placido, Johnny Whitworth, Christopher Lambert, and Idris Elba. The film was directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor, from a screenplay written by Scott M. Gimple, Seth Hoffman, and David S. Goyer. Released publicly for one night in December 11, 2011, Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance had its wide commercial release on February 17, 2012 in 2D and 3D.\nThe film experienced worse critical reception than the first film, with criticism being aimed towards the script, CGI, and acting. The film grossed more than $132 million, against its $57 million production budget.Nicolas Cage stated that he was \"done\" with the Ghost Rider films and a planned sequel was cancelled. The film rights to the character reverted to Marvel Studios shortly thereafter, and the Robbie Reyes version of Ghost Rider appeared in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D..\n\n", "Q2171786": "The Ruchi is a mountain in the Glarus Alps, located at an elevation of 3,107 m (10,194 ft) on the border between the Swiss cantons of Glarus and Graub\u00fcnden. It overlooks the Muttsee (2,446 m or 8,025 ft) on its west side from where a trail leads to the summit. On its south-east side lies a small glacier, the Glatscher da Gavirolas. The Ruchi is connected to the higher summit of the Hausstock on the north-east by a 2 km (1.2 mi) long ridge.The nearest settlements are the villages of Linthal to the north, and Andiast to the south. Administratively, the mountain lies in the municipalities of Glarus S\u00fcd and Waltensburg/Vuorz.", "Q237994": "Dame Carol Ann Duffy (born 23 December 1955) is a British poet and playwright. She is a professor of contemporary poetry at Manchester Metropolitan University, and was appointed Britain's Poet Laureate in May 2009, resigning in 2019. She was the first woman, the first Scottish-born poet, and the first LGBT poet to hold the position.Her collections include Standing Female Nude (1985), winner of a Scottish Arts Council Award; Selling Manhattan (1987), which won a Somerset Maugham Award; Mean Time (1993), which won the Whitbread Poetry Award; and Rapture (2005), winner of the T. S. Eliot Prize. Her poems address issues such as oppression, gender, and violence in an accessible language that has made them popular in schools.", "Q508095": "Andrew \"Tridge\" Tridgell (born 28 February 1967) is an Australian computer programmer. He is the author of and a contributor to the Samba file server, and co-inventor of the rsync algorithm.\nHe has analysed complex proprietary protocols and algorithms, to allow compatible free and open source software implementations.", "Q11700058": "Folk-pop is a music genre that falls into two categories. Either it is contemporary folk songs with large, sweeping pop arrangements, or pop songs with intimate, acoustic-based folk arrangements. Folk-pop developed during the 1960s folk music and folk rock boom. Folk-pop doesn't have ringing guitars and rougher edges of folk-rock; rather it's softer, gentler, and more pop-oriented.", "Q21178": "N\u00e6stved (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8nestve\u031d\u00f0]) is a town in the municipality of the same name, located on the island of Zealand in Denmark.\nN\u00e6stved has several adult education centers, five elementary schools - and has at least one of each type of the four upper-second-level education centers. The city has the largest high school in Denmark, N\u00e6stved Gymnasium & HF.", "Q1320753": "Gabriele Rossmanith (born in 1956 in Stuttgart) is a German operatic soprano. She is particularly associated with the Hamburg State Opera where she first sang in 1988. Appearances there include the title role in Debussy's Pell\u00e9as et M\u00e9lisande.", "Q187037": "Kevin Wayne Yoder (born January 8, 1976) is an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Kansas's 3rd congressional district from 2011 to 2019. A Republican, Yoder was the Kansas State Representative for the 20th district from 2003 to 2011.\nIn his 2018 reelection bid, he was defeated by Democrat Sharice Davids.", "Q334537": "Obituary is an American death metal band formed in Tampa, Florida, in 1984. Initially called Executioner, the band changed its name to Xecutioner in 1986 to avoid confusion with the thrash metal band Executioner from Boston, and then changed its name once again to Obituary in 1988. The band's current lineup consists of vocalist John Tardy, drummer Donald Tardy, rhythm guitarist Trevor Peres, bassist Terry Butler, and lead guitarist Kenny Andrews. Obituary has gone through several lineup changes, with the Tardy brothers and Peres being the only constant members. The band was a fundamental act in the development of death metal music, and is one of the most successful death metal bands of all time. To date, Obituary has released ten studio albums, and with the exception of their 1997\u20132003 split, they continue to perform live around the world. Their music is based around heavily groove based riffs and drumming along with John Tardy's growling vocals, which create their signature brand of death metal.", "Q230023": "Leslie Claire Margaret Caron (French: [l\u025bsli ka\u0281\u0254\u0303]; born 1 July 1931) is a French-American actress and dancer who appeared in 45 films between 1951 and 2003. Her autobiography, Thank Heaven, was published in 2010 in the UK and US, and in 2011 in a French version. Veteran documentarian Larry Weinstein's Leslie Caron: The Reluctant Star premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on 28 June 2016.Caron is best known for the musical films An American in Paris (1951) her film debut, Lili (1953), Daddy Long Legs (1955), and Gigi (1958), and for the nonmusical films Fanny (1961), The L-Shaped Room (1962), and Father Goose (1964). She received two Academy Award nominations for Best Actress. In 2006, her performance in Law & Order: Special Victims Unit won her an Emmy for guest actress in a drama series. She is fluent in French, English, and Italian. She is one of the few dancers or actresses who have danced with Gene Kelly, Fred Astaire, Mikhail Baryshnikov, and Rudolf Nureyev.", "Q954363": "Slavko \u0160timac (born October 15, 1960) is a Serbian actor of Croatian descent. He was born in the village of Konjsko brdo near Peru\u0161i\u0107 (then SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia). He graduated from the Faculty of Dramatic Arts in Belgrade (then SR Serbia). Slavko \u0160timac made his screen debut in the 1972 film Vuk samotnjak. What followed was a career during which \u0160timac appeared in many popular and important 1970s and 1980s Yugoslav films where he played child and adolescent characters (including the role of young Russian soldier in Sam Peckinpah's Cross of Iron). His youthful looks later plagued his career, typecasting him into adolescent roles well into his 30s. However, in 2004 he had the leading role in Emir Kusturica's Life Is a Miracle, some years after playing the role of a stutterer in the internationally acclaimed film Underground of same director Kusturica.", "Q188304": "Sunderland ( (listen)) is a city at the centre of the City of Sunderland metropolitan borough, in Tyne and Wear, England, 12 miles northeast of Durham and 10 miles southeast of Newcastle upon Tyne, at the mouth of the River Wear.Historically in County Durham, there were three original settlements by the mouth of the River Wear on the site of modern-day Sunderland. On the north side of the river, Monkwearmouth was settled in 674 when King Ecgfrith of Northumbria granted land to Benedict Biscop to found Monkwearmouth Monastery. In 685, Ecgfrith further granted Biscop the land adjacent to the monastery on the south side of the river. As the river separated this land from the monastic community, it was henceforth referred to as the \"sunder-land\", and would grow as a fishing settlement before being granted a charter in 1179. West of the medieval village of Sunderland on the south bank, Bishopwearmouth was founded in 930.\nSunderland grew as a port, trading coal and salt. Ships began to be built on the river in the 14th century. By the 19th century, the port of Sunderland had absorbed Bishopwearmouth and Monkwearmouth, owing to the growing economic importance of the shipbuilding docks. Following the decline of the city's traditional industries in the late 20th century, the area grew into a commercial centre for the automotive industry, science and technology and the service sector.\nBede, sometimes called the father of English history, began his monastic career at Monkwearmouth monastery in Sunderland, before moving to the newly founded Jarrow monastery in 685 (these monasteries together formed the dual Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbey). It therefore seems likely that he was born in or near Sunderland. Indeed, Bede later wrote that he was \"\u00e1cenned on sundorlande \u00fe\u00e6s ylcan mynstres\" (born in a separate land of this same monastery); here, \"sundorlande\" translates literally as \"separate land\" but could refer to the village of Sunderland. Alternatively, it is possible that Sunderland was later named in honour of Bede's connections to the area, by people familiar with this statement of his.\nA person from Sunderland is sometimes known as a Mackem. However, as this term originated as recently as the early 1980s, its use and acceptance by Sunderland residents, particularly among the older generations, is not universal. At one time, Sunderland-built ships were called \"Jamies\", in contrast with those from Tyneside, which were known as \"Geordies\", although in the case of \"Jamie\" it is not known whether this was ever extended to people.", "Q1900523": "Mark Winthrop Wood is an electric violinist and the founder of Wood Violins, a company that makes electric violins. His educational program has been featured on news programs nationwide. He is also an Emmy-winning composer and a former member of the Trans-Siberian Orchestra.", "Q220230": "Jean-Hippolyte Michon (21 November 1806 \u2013 8 May 1881) was a French priest, an archaeologist, and the founder of graphology.\nBorn in Laroche-pr\u00e8s-Feyt, department of Corr\u00e8ze, he studied in Angoul\u00eame and at the seminary in \u00c9glise Saint-Sulpice, Paris, where in 1830 he was ordained into the priesthood. In the 1830s, he first was introduced to the idea that a person's character could be ascertained via their handwriting from Abb\u00e9 Flandrin (1804\u20131864), a priest who taught classes in philosophy.\nIn 1842, he resigned his position as a priest, though still remaining a preacher. He focused his energy towards scientific pursuits, in particular historical and archaeological research, publishing a number of works on the religious history of Charente. In 1844, he published a treatise on Gallo-Roman monuments of Charente titled Statistique Monumentale de la Charente. In 1850 he participated in an archaeological mission to the Middle East as an archaeologist and botanist.\nIn 1860 he published La R\u00e9novation de l'Eglise (On the Renewal of the Church), in which he espoused his progressive thoughts on religion. This work was denounced by the Catholic Church and added to the Index Librorum Prohibitorum. Afterwards (1862\u201369) he published, under a pseudonym, a series of anti-clerical novels.\nIn 1868 he made the acquaintanceship of chirologist Adolphe Desbarrolles (1801\u20131886), who along with Michon, had an interest in handwriting analysis. The two men decided to combine efforts towards writing a book on the subject, and despite Michon's opposition to Desbarrolles' occultistic view of handwriting analysis, the work was finally released in 1872 as Les myst\u00e8res de l'\u00e9criture.\nOn 18 November 1871, Michon published the first issue of Le Journal de l'Autographe, a journal in which the term \"graphology\" is first used to describe handwriting analysis. Subsequently, he traveled throughout France and to other European cities, giving lectures and promoting his theories of scientific graphology. In the 1870s, he published Syst\u00e8me de graphologie (1875), a book introducing Michon's system of handwriting signs, and M\u00e9thode pratique de graphologie (1878), in which he explains the principles of graphological analysis.", "Q854411": "K\u00e1roly K\u00f3s (born as K\u00e1roly Kosch, Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8ka\u02d0roj \u02c8ko\u02d0\u0283]; December 16, 1883 \u2013 August 25, 1977) was a Hungarian architect, writer, illustrator, ethnologist and politician of Austria-Hungary and Romania.\n\n", "Q2405582": "Terry Chen (born February 3, 1975) is a Canadian film and television actor.", "Q772795": "Anton\u00edn Janou\u0161ek (22 August 1877, Nymburk \u2013 30 March 1941) was a Czech journalist and communist. \nOriginally an engine fitter, in 1895, Janou\u0161ek became a member of the social democratic party. In 1906, he became a workers journalists and a functionary of workers associations in Austria-Hungary.\nIn 1919, he led the Czech and Slovak section at the central committee of the Hungarian Communist Party. During the period 20 June - 7 July 1919, he was the \u201cchairman of the revolutionary committee\u201d (predseda revolu\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru) of the short-lived Slovak Soviet Republic. In 1920 he was sentenced by the Horthy regime in Hungary, then delivered to Czechoslovak authorities. In 1922, he moved to Soviet Russia, where he became a functionary of the International Workers Aid Council. He lived in Cheboksary, Chuvashia. He died \"in bed\" as reported by the historian V. N\u00e1levka.", "Q618558": "Craig Federighi (born May 27, 1969) is Apple's senior vice president of Software Engineering. Federighi oversees the development of iOS, iPadOS, macOS and Apple's common operating system engineering teams. His teams are responsible for delivering the software at the heart of Apple's products, including the user interface, applications and frameworks.", "Q193042": "Thomas Newcomen (; February 1664 \u2013 5 August 1729) was an English inventor who created the atmospheric engine, the first practical fuel-burning engine in 1712. He was an ironmonger by trade and a Baptist lay preacher by calling. He was born in Dartmouth, Devon, England, to a merchant family and baptised at St. Saviour's Church on 28 February 1664. In those days flooding in coal and tin mines was a major problem, and Newcomen was soon engaged in trying to improve ways to pump out the water from such mines. His ironmonger's business specialised in designing, manufacturing and selling tools for the mining industry.\n\n", "Q436609": "Carla Ortiz Oporto (born 2 December 1975) is a Bolivian actress and philanthropist.", "Q72246": "Dieter Laser (17 February 1942 \u2013 29 February 2020) was a German actor.\n\n", "Q64424": "Ennetbaden is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, located in the Limmat Valley (German: Limmattal).", "Q118071": "Rudolf Joder (born 10 June 1950 in Zimmerwald) is a member of the Swiss National Council representing the canton of Berne and the president of the Bernese branch of the Swiss People's Party.\nJoder served on the Grand Council of Berne from 1982 to 1998 and as mayor of Belp from 1989 to 2004. He was elected to the National Council in 1999. During his presidency of the cantonal party, to which he was elected in 2006, numerous leading office-holders left the People's Party to found the more liberal Conservative Democratic Party.\nRudolf Joder, an attorney by profession, is married and resident in Belp.\n\n", "Q661925": "John Alfred Williams (December 5, 1925 \u2013 July 3, 2015) was an African-American author, journalist, and academic. His novel The Man Who Cried I Am was a bestseller in 1967.", "Q55821": "Ma\u0142gorzata Musierowicz (born 9 January 1945) is a popular Polish writer, author of many stories and novels for children and teenagers, but read with pleasure by adults too. She is the sister of poet and translator Stanis\u0142aw Bara\u0144czak.", "Q734918": "Enrique Labrador Ruiz (May 11, 1902 \u2013 November 10, 1991) was a Cuban journalist, novelist, essayist, short story writer, and poet.", "Q471542": "Abhas Kumar Ganguly (born 4 August 1929 \u2013 13 October 1987), better known by his stage name Kishore Kumar (pronunciation ) was an Indian playback singer, actor, music director, lyricist, writer, director, producer and screenwriter. He is considered as one of the most popular singers of Indian film industry and from soft numbers to peppy tracks to romantic moods, Kumar sang in different genres but some of his rare compositions which were considered classics were lost in time. According to Ashok Kumar, Kumar's success lies in the fact that his voice used to hit the microphone straight at its most sensitive point.Apart from Hindi, he sang in many Indian languages including Bengali, Marathi, Assamese, Gujarati, Kannada, Bhojpuri, Malayalam and Urdu. He has also sung in private albums in several languages especially in Bengali. He won 8 Filmfare Awards for Best Male Playback Singer and holds the record for winning the most Filmfare Awards in that category. He was awarded the \"Lata Mangeshkar Award\" by the Madhya Pradesh government in the year 1985\u201386. In the year 1997, the Madhya Pradesh Government initiated an award called the \"Kishore Kumar Award\" as a contribution to Hindi cinema. Recently, Kishore Kumar's unreleased last song was sold for Rs 1560,000 (1.56 million) at the Osian's Cinefan Auction, New Delhi in 2012.\n\n", "Q370375": "Derek Vincent Smith (born November 25, 1981), known by his stage name Pretty Lights, is an American electronic music producer. Pretty Lights was originally a music project consisting of him and Michal Menert, who left after the release of their first album. Rick Rubin once described Pretty Lights as \"the face and voice of the new American electronic music scene\".", "Q428437": "Time of Indifference (Italian: Gli indifferenti) is a 1964 Italian film directed by Francesco Maselli and based on the novel Gli indifferenti by Alberto Moravia. It stars Claudia Cardinale.\n\n", "Q108262": "Manfred Robert Schroeder (12 July 1926 \u2013 28 December 2009) was a German physicist, most known for his contributions to acoustics and computer graphics. He wrote three books and published over 150 articles in his field.Born in Ahlen, he studied at the University of G\u00f6ttingen (1947\u201352), earning a vordiplom in mathematics (1951) and Dr. rer. nat. (1954) in physics. His thesis showed how small regular cavities in concert halls cause unfortunate resonances.\nHe joined the technical staff at Bell Labs in New Jersey (1954\u2013) researching speech and graphics, securing forty-five patents. With Bishnu Atal, he advanced and promoted linear predictive coding (LPC) during the late 1960s to 1970s and then developed code-excited linear prediction (CELP) in 1985. Still affiliated with Bell, he rejoined University of G\u00f6ttingen as Universit\u00e4tsprofessor Physik (1969) becoming professor emeritus (1991). \n He was a visiting professor at University of Tokyo (1979).\nWith B.S. Atal he developed code excited linear prediction (1985). With Ning Xiang he was a promoter of a synchronous dual channel measurement method using reciprocal maximum-length sequences (2003). He led a famed study of 22 concert halls worldwide, leading to a comparison method requiring no travel.", "Q430278": "The Company You Keep is a 2012 American political thriller film produced, directed by and starring Robert Redford. The script was written by Lem Dobbs based on the 2003 novel of the same name by Neil Gordon. The film was produced by Nicolas Chartier (Voltage Pictures), Redford and Bill Holderman.\nThe story centers on recent widower and single father, Jim Grant, a former Weather Underground anti-Vietnam War militant wanted for a bank robbery and murder. Grant has hidden from the FBI for over 30 years, as an attorney in Albany, New York. He becomes a fugitive when his true identity is exposed by Ben Shepard, an aggressive young reporter. Grant must find his ex-lover, Mimi, the one person who can clear his name, before the FBI catches him. Otherwise, he will lose everything, including his 11-year-old daughter Isabel. While Ben struggles with ethical issues as a journalist, Jim and his old friends from the Weather Underground must live with the consequences of their radical past.\nAfter film festival screenings in September 2012, the film's first theatrical release was in Italy in December 2012. A U.S. limited release began in April 2013, followed by wider North American release later in the month and releases in various foreign markets through December 2013. The film received a mixed reception from the critics in the U.S. but a generally favorable one abroad. It grossed $5.1 million in the U.S. and Canada, with foreign sales reaching $14.5 million.\n\n", "Q449036": "Irene Joan Marion Sims (9 May 1930 \u2013 27 June 2001) was an English actress remembered for her roles in the Carry On films, including Carry On Nurse (1959), Carry On Cleo (1964) and Carry On Camping (1969). She played Mrs Wembley, the cook with a liking for sherry in On the Up (1990\u20131992), and Madge Hardcastle in As Time Goes By (1994\u20131998).", "Q43070": "Donetsk (UK: don-YETSK, US: d\u0259-N(Y)ETSK; Ukrainian: \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a [do\u02c8n\u025bts\u02b2k] (listen); Russian: \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043a [d\u0250\u02c8n\u02b2etsk]), formerly known as Aleksandrovka, Hughesovka, Yuzovka, Stalin and Stalino (see also: cities' alternative names), is an industrial city in Eastern Ukraine and the capital city of the unrecognized Donetsk People's Republic, located on the Kalmius River. The population was estimated at 929,063\u2009(2016 est.) in the city core, with over 2,000,000 in the metropolitan area (2011). According to the 2001 Ukrainian Census, Donetsk was the fifth-largest city in Ukraine.Administratively, Donetsk has been the centre of Donetsk Oblast, while historically, it is the unofficial capital and largest city of the larger economic and cultural Donets Basin (Donbass) region. Donetsk is adjacent to another major city, Makiivka, and along with other surrounding cities forms a major urban sprawl and conurbation in the region. Donetsk has been a major economic, industrial and scientific centre of Ukraine with a high concentration of heavy industries and a skilled workforce. The density of heavy industries (predominantly steel production, chemical industry, and coal mining) determined the city's challenging ecological situation. In 2012 a UN report ranked Donetsk among the world's fastest depopulating cities.The original settlement in the south of the European part of the Russian Empire was first mentioned as Aleksandrovka in 1779, during the reign of the Empress Catherine the Great. In 1869 the Welsh businessman John Hughes founded a steel plant and several coal mines in the region, and the town was named Hughesovka or Yuzovka (\u042e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430) in recognition of his role (\"Yuz\" being a Russian-language approximation of Hughes). During Soviet times, the city's steel industry expanded. In 1924 Yuzovka was renamed Stalin. In 1929 Stalin was renamed Stalino, and in 1932 the city became the centre of the Donetsk region. Renamed Donetsk in 1961, the city today remains a centre for coal mining and for the steel industry.\nSince April 2014 Donetsk and its surrounding areas have been one of the major sites of fighting in the ongoing Donbass War, as pro-Russian separatist forces battle against Ukrainian military forces for control of the city and surrounding areas. Throughout the war, the city of Donetsk has been administered by the pro-Russian separatist forces as the center of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR), with outlying territories of the Donetsk region divided between the two sides. Donetsk International Airport became the epicenter of the war with almost a year-long battle leading to massive casualties among civilians and a total ruination of the northeastern neighborhoods of the city.\nAs of September 2019 the DPR has full control of the city, with Ukrainian and DPR forces still engaging in combat outside of the city.", "Q108289": "Doutzen Kroes (West Frisian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u028cu\u032fts\u0259(\u014b) \u02c8krus]; born 23 January 1985) is a Dutch model, actress, activist and philanthropist. She began her modelling career in 2003, in the Netherlands and was quickly sent by her agency to New York where she was cast by lingerie brand Victoria\u2019s Secret. She was a Victoria's Secret Angel from 2008 until 2014. She has been a brand ambassador for L'Or\u00e9al Paris since 2006. Kroes has been one of the highest-paid models, with an estimated income of more than $5 million per year, since 2008. In 2014, she came in second on the Forbes top-earning models list, estimated to have earned $8 million in one year. As of December 2015, she was ranked as one of the \"New Supers\" in the fashion industry and dubbed \"Helen of Troy of advertising\" by Models.com.\nIn 2013, she became the first model to land 4 different solo international covers of Vogue's September issue in a single year.Her film debut was in Nova Zembla (2011). She is one of the active members to contribute to Dance4Life, a Dutch non-profit organization that uses song and dance to educate youth about HIV and AIDS prevention. She is also one of the supporters of Wildlife Conservation and World Wildlife Fund.", "Q7067": "Bietigheim-Bissingen is the second-largest town in the district of Ludwigsburg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany with 42,515 inhabitants in 2007. It is situated on the river Enz and the river Metter, close to its confluence with the Neckar, about 19 km north of Stuttgart, and 20 km south of Heilbronn.", "Q6379": "Sandra Perkovi\u0107 (born 21 June 1990) is a Croatian discus thrower. She is a two-time Olympic (2012, 2016) and World (2013, 2017) champion and a five-time European champion (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018). She is the only individual who managed to win five gold medals at the European Athletics Championships in one event. She is six-time Diamond League overall winner.\nPerkovi\u0107 culminated her successful junior career by winning gold at the 2009 European Junior Championships with a new national record. A month later, she made the final of the World Championships as the youngest discus thrower in the field.\nIn her first year of senior competition she won gold at the 2010 European Championships, becoming the youngest ever European champion in women's discus throw. A six-month doping suspension after testing positive for a banned psychostimulant kept her out of competition for most of the 2011 season, including the World Championships, but she returned in strong form in 2012 and successfully defended her title in the European Championships.\nPerkovi\u0107 is coached by Edis Elkasevi\u0107. Her personal best and national record is 71.41 meters, set in July 2017 at the Gal\u00e0 dei Castelli meeting in Bellinzona, Switzerland. No woman has thrown farther in over a quarter century (71.68 m Xiao Yanling CHN, Beijing 14 March 1992).She became a member of the Croatian Parliament after the 2015 general election for the 8th Sabor.On 17 August 2016 at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro she successfully defended her Olympic title by winning a second consecutive gold medal in discus throwing, thereby equaling the record held by Evelin Jahl since the 1980 Summer Olympics.", "Q661716": "Gianni Bisiach (born 7 May 1927) is an Italian journalist, television and radio writer and presenter, essayist, documentarist and screenwriter.\n\n", "Q91136": "John of Hildesheim, O.Carm. (Latin: Johannes de Hildesheim) (born in 1310/1320, Hildesheim, and died in 1375, Marienau) was a writer and Carmelite friar from the German town of Hildesheim, then the capital of the Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim, an independent state within the Holy Roman Empire. Due to his status as a friar, he was able to travel through Germany, France and Italy, and his broad literary opus includes works of philosophy, theology and poetry.\nJohn is chiefly known as the author of the popular Historia Trium Regum (History of the Three Kings), which records the history of the Three Magi, derived from the Biblical story, including their background before their journey to Bethlehem trailing the famous Star, their lives after the Adoration, and the history of their relics (reputed to lie in the Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral in Cologne, Germany). Also included is a lengthy account of the Magi's descendant, the fabled priest-king Prester John of medieval legend. The work was attributed to John of Hildesheim by later commentators like Johannes Trithemius, but not all modern historians take this for granted.\nOthers of John's works include The Mirror of the Source of Life, a treatise on the nature of life, and writings in defense of the Carmelite Order.", "Q3188787": "Jules Migeon (1815\u20131868) was a French author, businessman and politician. He served in the Corps l\u00e9gislatif from 1852 to 1859.", "Q1416": "Otho (; Latin: Marcus Salvius Otho Caesar Augustus; 28 April 32 \u2013 16 April 69) was Roman emperor for three months, from 15 January to 16 April 69. He was the second emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors.\nA member of a noble Etruscan family, Otho was initially a friend and courtier of the young emperor Nero until he was effectively banished to the governorship of the remote province of Lusitania in 58 following his wife Poppaea Sabina's affair with Nero. After a period of moderate rule in the province, he allied himself with Galba, the governor of neighbouring Hispania Tarraconensis, during the revolts of 68. He accompanied Galba on his march to Rome, but revolted and murdered Galba at the start of the next year.\nInheriting the problem of the rebellion of Vitellius, commander of the army in Germania Inferior, Otho led a sizeable force which met Vitellius' army at the Battle of Bedriacum. After initial fighting resulted in 40,000 casualties, and a retreat of his forces, Otho committed suicide rather than fight on and Vitellius was proclaimed emperor.", "Q3259416": "Raffaele Rossetti (12 July 1881 \u2013 24 December 1951) was an Italian engineer and military naval officer who sank the main battleship of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of World War I. He was also a politician of the Italian Republican Party.", "Q888591": "Robert Henry Keys (December 18, 1943 \u2013 December 2, 2014) was an American saxophonist who performed with other musicians as a member of several horn sections of the 1970s. He appears on albums by the Rolling Stones, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Harry Nilsson, Delaney & Bonnie and Friends, George Harrison, John Lennon, Eric Clapton, Joe Cocker and other prominent musicians. Keys played on hundreds of recordings and was a touring musician from 1956 until his death in 2014.\n\n", "Q208557": "Ryan William Nelsen (born 18 October 1977) is a former New Zealand professional football player and former head coach of Major League Soccer side Toronto FC.\nNelsen commonly played as a defender, and his professional career began in 1995. He notably captained the New Zealand national team and started his professional football career in his native country for Christchurch United. In 2001, he joined MLS side D.C. United and went on to play 81 times in the league, scoring 7 goals. In 2005, he moved to England with Premier League side Blackburn Rovers where he scored 8 times in 172 appearances. In 2012, he made a move to Tottenham Hotspur but only managed 5 appearances (scoring once in an FA Cup tie against Bolton Wanderers, the re-arranged match following Fabrice Muamba's cardiac arrest) before joining Queens Park Rangers in the summer of 2012. He agreed to return to MLS on 8 January 2013 by signing with Toronto FC as head coach. He was fired from Toronto FC on 31 August 2014.", "Q345325": "Harry Julius Shearer (born December 23, 1943) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, writer, musician, radio host, director and producer. Born in Los Angeles, California, Shearer began his career as a child actor. From 1969 to 1976, Shearer was a member of The Credibility Gap, a radio comedy group. Following the breakup of the group, Shearer co-wrote the film Real Life (1979) with Albert Brooks and worked as a writer on Martin Mull's television series Fernwood 2 Night.Shearer was a cast member on Saturday Night Live between 1979 and 1980, and 1984 and 1985. Shearer co-created, co-wrote and co-starred in the film This Is Spinal Tap (1984), a satirical rockumentary, which became a hit. In 1989, he joined the cast of the animated sitcom The Simpsons; he provides voices for characters including Mr. Burns, Waylon Smithers, Principal Skinner, Ned Flanders, Reverend Lovejoy, Kent Brockman, Dr. Hibbert and more. Shearer has appeared in films including The Truman Show (1998) and A Mighty Wind (2003), and has directed two, Teddy Bears' Picnic (2002) and The Big Uneasy (2010). Since 1983, Shearer has been the host of the public radio comedy/music program Le Show, incorporating satire, music, and sketch comedy. He has written three books.\nShearer has won a Primetime Emmy Award and has received several other Emmy and Grammy Award nominations. He has been married to singer-songwriter Judith Owen since 1993. He became an artist in residence at Loyola University, New Orleans in 2013.", "Q60871": "Anton Flettner (November 1, 1885 \u2013 December 29, 1961) was a German aviation engineer and inventor. Born in Eddersheim (today a district of Hattersheim am Main), Flettner made important contributions to airplane, helicopter, vessel, and automobile designs.After serving Germany in both World Wars, Anton Flettner emigrated to the United States post World War II as a consultant to the office of Naval Research at the United States Navy.Anton Flettner attended the Fulda State Teachers College in Fulda, Germany. He was the village teacher in Pfaffenwiesbach from 1906-1909. Flettner subsequently taught high school mathematics and physics in Frankurt, where he developed ideas that would assist Germany in World War I.Flettner revolutionized the art of harnessing the wind, used essentially in an unaltered form for thousands of years\u2014the canvas sail\u2014by a modern machine\u2014the Flettner Rotor ship\u2014that could permit ocean liners to reduce their crews by two-thirds and save 90 percent in fuel.\n\n", "Q490025": "Ratzeburg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281ats\u0259b\u028a\u0250\u032fk]; Low German: Ratzborg) is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is surrounded by four lakes\u2014the resulting isthmuses between the lakes form the access lanes to the town. Ratzeburg is the capital of the Kreis (district) of Herzogtum Lauenburg.", "Q18712": "Gy\u00f6rgy (M\u00f3ric) Klapka, also known in German as Georg Klapka (7 April 1820 \u2013 17 May 1892) was a Hungarian general. He was one of the most important Hungarian generals of the Hungarian War of Independence of 1848-1849, politician, member of the Hungarian Parliament, and deputy War Minister.", "Q1108098": "Razadarit (Mon: \u101b\u102c\u1007\u102c\u1013\u102d\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103a, Burmese: \u101b\u102c\u1007\u102c\u1013\u102d\u101b\u102c\u1007\u103a, Burmese pronunciation: [j\u00e0z\u00e0d\u0259\u0279\u026a\u0300\u0294] or [j\u00e0za\u0330d\u0259\u0279\u026a\u0300\u0294]; also spelled Yazadarit; 1368\u20131421), was king of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1384 to 1421. He successfully unified his Mon-speaking kingdom, and fended off major assaults by the Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom (Inwa) in the Forty Years' War. The king also instituted an administrative system that left his successors with a far more integrated kingdom. He is one of the most famous kings in Burmese history.\nRazadarit came to power at 16 after a rebellion against his father King Binnya U (r. 1348\u20131384), barely controlling the Pegu province. By his sheer will and military leadership, the young king not only defeated Ava's first wave of invasions (1385\u20131391) but also unified his kingdom in the process. After presiding over Pegu's emergence as a regional power, he twice renewed the war with Ava in the 1400s, and outlasted Ava's fierce counterattacks with the help of Hsenwi and Ming China. Between 1401 and 1418, he met Ava's King Minkhaung I and Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa head-on in Lower Burma, Upper Burma, and Arakan.\nHis life is recorded in a classic chronicle called Razadarit Ayedawbon. The king is remembered as a complex figure: an accomplished military leader who kept his kingdom independent; an able administrator who successfully integrated the provinces; and a ruthless paranoid figure, who drove many close to him to death. His battles against Minkhaung and Minye Kyawswa are still retold in Burmese popular culture.", "Q95350": "Johann Stumpf of the Charlottenburg Technical College in Berlin is best known for popularising the uniflow steam engine, in the years around 1909, and his name has always been associated with it. The basic uniflow principle had been invented many years before.", "Q5670": "Ab\u016b Nuw\u0101s al-\u1e24asan ibn H\u0101n\u012b al-\u1e24akam\u012b \u2013 variant: Al-\u1e24asan ibn H\u0101n\u012b 'Abd al-Awal al-\u1e62ab\u0101\u1e25, Ab\u016b 'Al\u012b (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u060c\u0650\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a), known as Ab\u016b Nuw\u0101s al-Salam\u012b (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a) or just Ab\u016b Nuw\u0101s (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 Ab\u016b Nov\u0101s) \u2013 (c. 756 \u2013 c. 814), was a classical Arabic poet. Born in the city of Ahvaz in modern-day Iran to an Arab father and a Persian mother, he became a master of all the contemporary genres of Arabic poetry. He also entered the folkloric tradition, appearing several times in One Thousand and One Nights. He died during the civil war before al-Ma\u2019m\u016bn advanced from Khur\u0101s\u0101n either in 199 or 200 AH (814-816 AD).", "Q675763": "Gareth Charles Walter Morris (13 May 1920 \u2013 14 February 2007) was a British flautist. He was the principal flautist of a number of London orchestras including the Boyd Neel Orchestra before joining the Philharmonia Orchestra. He was the principal flautist of this orchestra for 24 years and Professor of the Flute at the Royal Academy of Music from 1945 to 1985. Morris was known for using a wooden flute, at a time when most other players had switched to using metal flutes.\nGareth Morris was born in Clevedon, Somerset, England and was educated at Bristol Cathedral Choir School. He began to play the flute when he was aged 12, and subsequently studied privately with Robert Murchie. At 18 he won a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music where his main teacher was Charles Stainer. At the Academy he met Dennis Brain and became his lifelong friend. Morris was best man for Brain's wedding. Morris's Wigmore Hall debut was in 1939 and he played in chamber music groups, including the Dennis Brain Wind Ensemble and the London Wind Quintet. During the Second World War he joined the Royal Air Force and was principal flute in the RAF Symphony Orchestra.\nMorris succeeded Arthur Gleghorn as principal flute in the Philharmonia Orchestra in 1948. \nHe played at Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation in 1953. The Philharmonia Orchestra had been founded by Walter Legge in 1945 but in 1964 Legge announced that he intended to disband it. However the members dissented from this and agreed that the orchestra should continue, that it should be self-governing, and that it should be renamed the New Philharmonia Orchestra. In 1966 Morris became chairman of this orchestra with Otto Klemperer as the principal conductor. Morris had a close and deeply respectful relationship with Klemperer, but his relationship with Karajan has been described as \"at best cordial, but he respected the conductor's talent\".Klemperer retired in 1971 when he was aged 87, and was succeeded by Lorin Maazel followed by Riccardo Muti. Morris retired shortly afterwards from the orchestra. The press release at the time spoke of \"irreconcilable artistic differences\" which had contributed to his resignation. However, there was another, possibly more important, factor. While on tour with the orchestra in New York City, Morris was mugged and seriously injured. Amongst these injuries, a nerve in his mouth had been damaged and as a result, he had to completely give up playing the flute.Morris's flute was originally a Rudall-Carte with open G-sharp and vented D, and later in his career he performed on an instrument bequeathed to him by Robert Murchie. His style was of the English school, with a tight embouchure and he produced a very solid and powerful tone which was also capable of incredible delicacy. He eschewed the use of excessive vibrato. He was said to be \"at the forefront of English flute playing for more than half a century\". Many composers wrote works for him, including Gordon Jacob and Alan Rawsthorne. During his career he gave the first British performance of Poulenc's Flute Sonata in 1958.\nMorris married first, in 1954, Joy Hazelrigg of Kentucky and they had a daughter, Emily. Following a divorce, in 1975 he married Patricia Murray, with whom he had three children, Thomas, Mary and Catharine.Morris retired to Bristol and there continued to teach. In 1991 he published a tutorial entitled Flute Technique. His other activities included being an adjudicator, an orchestral coach and a lecturer. He frequently taught at the Dartington Summer School. His siblings are Christopher, a music publisher at the Oxford University Press, and Jan Morris, the travel writer. A photographic portrait taken in 1968 by Godfrey Argent is held by the National Portrait Gallery.", "Q238494": "Spencer Locke (born September 20, 1991) is an American actress known for her roles as Kylie in Cougar Town, Jenny Bennett in Monster House, Ione in Detention, and K-Mart in the Resident Evil film series.", "Q201215": "My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical comedy-drama film adapted from the 1956 Lerner and Loewe stage musical based on George Bernard Shaw's 1913 stage play, Pygmalion. With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor, the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor, Henry Higgins, as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak \"proper\" English, thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London.\nThe film stars Audrey Hepburn as Eliza Doolittle and Rex Harrison as Henry Higgins, with Stanley Holloway, Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles. A critical and commercial success, it won eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor, and Best Director. In 1998, the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time. In 2006 it was ranked eighth in the AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals list.\nIn 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"", "Q40579": "Abdurrahim Abdulhafiz El-Keib, PhD, (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0628\u200e; also transcribed Abdel Rahim AlKeeb, Abdul Raheem Al-Keeb, etc.; born 1950) is a Libyan politician, professor of electrical engineering, and entrepreneur who served as interim Prime Minister of Libya from 24 November 2011 to 14 November 2012. He was appointed to the position by the country's National Transitional Council on the understanding that he would be replaced when the General National Congress was elected and took power. Power was handed to the Congress on 8 August 2012, and the assembly appointed El-Keib's successor Ali Zeidan in October 2012.\n\n", "Q172525": "John Cannon (21 June 1933 \u2013 18 October 1999) was a sports car racer, who competed under the banner of Canada, though he was born in London, U.K.. He raced in the USRRC series, the CanAm Series and the L&M Continental Series (Formula 5000).\nIn the USRRC he drove for Nickey Chevrolet in a Dan Blocker (of Bonanza fame) sponsored Genie/Vinegaroon.\nIn the first year of the Can Am he was the top finishing Canadian propelled by a fourth-place finish in the opening event at his home course, Circuit Mont-Tremblant. Cannon duplicated that accomplishment in 1968 propelled by a famous win over the dominant McLaren team in a very wet race at Laguna Seca. He also attained top Canadian status in 1973.\nCannon also ran in the Continental Series (Formula 5000) in 1969 and 1970 where he was champion in 1970, driving for St Louis trucking magnate Carl Hogan, in the Hogan-Starr racing McLaren M-10B. Racing in the following Tasman series in 1971, Cannon made the M10 fast but unreliable at Levin and Wigram but against the larger field of talented drivers in the Australian races found the local experience of Matich, Allen, Gardner, Bartlett and McRae very difficult for any foreigner to match, first time in the Antipodes.\nCannon participated in one World Championship Formula One Grand Prix, on 3 October 1971 in the US Grand Prix at Watkins Glen. He finished 14th, thus he scored no championship points. He also participated in one non-Championship Formula One race, the Questor Grand Prix, finishing up in 12th. During 1971 he also ran strongly in a number of rounds of the European F2 championship, impressing many. \nCannon also made 15 starts in the USAC Championship Car series while driving on a part-time basis from 1968 to 1974. His best finish was 2nd place in the second race at Circuit Mont-Tremblant in 1968. He also finished a career best 27th in series points that year. He also attempted to qualify for the Indianapolis 500 in 1970 and 1974 but failed to make the race both years.\nIn 1975-76 he returned to US F5000 series with a March 741 modified for F5000, and ran in midfield, with best results 4th at Riverside in 1975 and 6th on the same track in 1976 in the last US F5000 races. Although Cannon held the Ferrari dealership (actually, he worked for Hollywood Sports Cars-he did not own it) for LA, finance and engine costs limited his form in highly competitive final years of US F5000, however he proved competitive when he ran a few rounds in the UK Shellsport F5000/F1/Libre series in 1976. He ran the Australian F5000 Rothmans series at the start of 1976, proving as fast as the best Australian F5000 drivers Goss and Schuppan and actually won one round. His last serious racing was two years later in the Australian Rothmans, aged 45 where he managed a single, third place, purely on reliability.\nHe was inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame in 1993. It is widely thought that had Cannon entered the sport seriously at an early age, he might have had a significant F1 career. His son Michael has built a career as a race engineer. During the 2006 season at Forsythe Racing in the Champ Car World Series Michael was race engineer for A. J. Allmendinger.\nEver active, Cannon died in New Mexico, USA, from injuries received in the crash of an experimental aircraft.", "Q47216": "Condoleezza \"Condi\" Rice (; born November 14, 1954) is an American political scientist, diplomat, civil servant, and professor. She served as the 66th United States Secretary of State, the second person to hold that office in the administration of President George W. Bush. Rice was the first female African-American Secretary of State, as well as the second African-American Secretary of State (after Colin Powell), and the second female Secretary of State (after Madeleine Albright). Rice was President Bush's National Security Advisor during his first term, making her the first woman to serve in that position.\nRice was born in Birmingham, Alabama, and grew up while the South was racially segregated. She obtained her bachelor's degree from the University of Denver and her master's degree in political science from the University of Notre Dame. In 1981 she received a PhD from the School of International Studies at the University of Denver. She worked at the State Department under the Carter administration and pursued an academic fellowship at Stanford University, where she later served as provost from 1993 to 1999. Rice served on the National Security Council as the Soviet and Eastern Europe Affairs Advisor to President George H. W. Bush during the dissolution of the Soviet Union and German reunification from 1989 to 1991. On December 17, 2000, she left her position and joined the Bush administration as National Security Advisor. In Bush's second term, she became Secretary of State.\nFollowing her confirmation as Secretary of State, Rice pioneered the policy of Transformational Diplomacy directed toward expanding the number of responsible democratic governments in the world and especially in the Greater Middle East. That policy faced challenges as Hamas captured a popular majority in Palestinian elections, and influential countries including Saudi Arabia and Egypt maintained authoritarian systems (with U.S. backing). While in the position, she chaired the Millennium Challenge Corporation's board of directors.In March 2009, Rice returned to Stanford University as a political science professor and the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution. In September 2010, she became a faculty member of the Stanford Graduate School of Business and a director of its Global Center for Business and the Economy. In January 2020, it was announced that Rice would succeed Thomas W. Gilligan as the next director of the Hoover Institution on September 1, 2020.She is on the Board of Directors of Dropbox and Makena Capital Management, LLC.", "Q229599": "Charlie's Angels is a 2000 American action comedy film directed by McG, and written by Ryan Rowe, Ed Solomon, and John August. It is the first installment in the Charlie's Angels film series, a continuation of the television series of the same name created by Ivan Goff and Ben Roberts, which is also a continuation of the series story. Unlike the original series, which had dramatic elements, the film features more comical elements.\nIt stars Cameron Diaz, Drew Barrymore, and Lucy Liu as three women working in a private detective agency in Los Angeles. John Forsythe reprised his role as the unseen Charlie's voice from the original series. Bill Murray also stars as John Bosley, replacing David Doyle who played the role in the original series. It also stars Sam Rockwell, Tim Curry, Kelly Lynch and Crispin Glover while Matt LeBlanc, Luke Wilson and Tom Green appear in supporting roles.\nIt was released on November 3, 2000, in the United States by Sony Pictures Releasing under its Columbia Pictures label, and has grossed $264 million worldwide. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for the performances of Diaz, Barrymore, Liu and Murray as well as its action sequences and humor, but criticisms aimed at the plot and \"lack of originality\".It was later followed by the sequels Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle in 2003, and a 2019 film of the same name.", "Q189797": "Vigd\u00eds Finnbogad\u00f3ttir (Icelandic: [\u02c8v\u026a\u0263tis \u02c8f\u026anp\u0254\u0263a\u02cctou\u02b0t\u026ar\u0325] (listen); born 15 April 1930) served as the fourth President of Iceland from 1 August 1980 to 1 August 1996. She was the world's first democratically directly elected female president. With a presidency of exactly sixteen years, she also remains the longest-serving elected female head of state of any country to date. Currently, she is a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador, and a member of the Club of Madrid. \nShe is also to-date Iceland's only female president.", "Q76975": "Rudolf Franz Ferdinand H\u00f6ss (also H\u00f6\u00df, Hoe\u00df or Hoess; 25 November 1901 \u2013 16 April 1947) was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) functionary during the Nazi era who was later convicted as a war criminal. He was the longest-serving commandant of Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp. He tested and implemented means to accelerate Hitler's plan to systematically exterminate the Jewish population of Nazi-occupied Europe, known as the Final Solution. On the initiative of one of his subordinates, Karl Fritzsch, H\u00f6ss introduced the pesticide Zyklon B, containing hydrogen cyanide, used in the gas chambers.H\u00f6ss joined the Nazi Party in 1922 at the age of 21 and the SS in 1934. From 4 May 1940 to November 1943, and again from 8 May 1944 to 18 January 1945, he was in charge of Auschwitz, where more than a million people were killed before the defeat of Nazi Germany. H\u00f6ss was hanged in 1947 following a trial before the Polish Supreme National Tribunal. During his imprisonment, at the request of the Polish authorities, he wrote his memoirs, released in English under the title Commandant of Auschwitz: The Autobiography of Rudolf Hoess.", "Q510157": "Indrek Toome (born 19 September 1943, in Tallinn) is a former communist Estonian politician and businessman. He served from 1988 to 1990, and was the last Prime Minister (head of the Council of Ministers) of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic.", "Q36389": "Taekwondo, Tae Kwon Do or Taekwon-Do (Korean \ud0dc\uad8c\ub3c4/\u8dc6\u62f3\u9053 [t\u02b0\u025b.k\u0348w\u028cn.do] (listen), English pronunciation , or ) is a Korean martial art, characterized by its emphasis on head-height kicks, jumping and spinning kicks, and fast kicking techniques.\nTaekwondo is a combative sport and was developed during the 1940s and 1950s by Korean martial artists with experience in martial arts such as karate, Chinese martial arts, and indigenous Korean martial arts traditions such as Taekkyon, Subak, and Gwonbeop. The oldest governing body for Taekwondo is the Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA), formed in 1959 through a collaborative effort by representatives from the nine original kwans, or martial arts schools, in Korea. The main international organisational bodies for Taekwondo today are the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), founded by Choi Hong Hi in 1966, and the partnership of the Kukkiwon and World Taekwondo (WT, formerly WTF), founded in 1972 and 1973 respectively by the Korea Taekwondo Association. Gyeorugi ([kj\u028c\u027eu\u0261i]), a type of full-contact sparring, has been an Olympic event since 2000. The governing body for Taekwondo in the Olympics and Paralympics is World Taekwondo.", "Q144929": "Adam is a 2009 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Max Mayer and starring Hugh Dancy and Rose Byrne. The film follows the relationship between a young man named Adam (Dancy) with Asperger syndrome, and Beth (Byrne). Mayer was inspired to write the film's script when he heard a radio interview with a man who had Asperger's.\nFilming took place in New York City in December 2005. The film premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Alfred P. Sloan Prize, and was released in the United States on July 29, 2009. The release date in Canada and the UK was 7 August 2009 in Australia, and everywhere else after Labor Day.\n\n", "Q247526": "Z\u00e9lia Gattai Amado de Faria (July 2, 1916 \u2013 May 17, 2008) was a Brazilian photographer, memoirist, novelist and author of children's literature, as well as a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. Gattai wrote 14 different literary works, including children's books and her own personal memoirs have been widely published.\n\n", "Q11736": "Tianjin ([t\u02b0j\u025b\u0301n.t\u0255\u00edn] (listen)), alternatively romanized as Tientsin, is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China, with a total population estimated at 15,621,200 in 2016. Its built-up (or metro) area, made up of 12 central districts (all but Baodi, Jizhou, Jinghai and Ninghe), was home to 12,491,300 inhabitants in 2016 and is also the world's 29th-largest agglomeration (between Chengdu and Rio de Janeiro) and 11th-most populous city proper.It is governed as one of the four municipalities under the direct administration of central government of the PRC and is thus under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea. Part of the Bohai Economic Rim, it is the largest coastal city in northern China.\nIn terms of urban population, Tianjin is the fourth largest in China, after Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou. In terms of administrative area population, Tianjin ranks fifth in Mainland China. The walled city of Tianjin was built in 1404. As a treaty port since 1860, Tianjin has been a major seaport and gateway to Beijing. During the Boxer Rebellion the city was the seat of the Tianjin Provisional Government. Under the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China, Tianjin became one of the largest cities in the region. At that time, numerous European-style buildings and mansions were constructed in concessions, many of which are well-preserved today. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin suffered a depression due to the policy of the central government and Tangshan earthquake, but recovered from 1990s. Nowadays Tianjin is a dual-core city, with its main urban area (including the old city) located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal; and Binhai, a New Area urban core located east of the old city, on the coast of the Bohai Gulf. As of the end of 2010, around 285 Fortune 500 companies have set up base in Binhai. Since 2010, Tianjin's Yujiapu Financial District has become known as China's Manhattan.", "Q517638": "John Robertson Duigan MC (31 May 1882 \u2013 11 June 1951) was an Australian pioneer aviator who built and flew the first Australian-made aircraft. Duigan was born in Terang, Victoria, and grew up in Melbourne attending Brighton Grammar School. He travelled to the United Kingdom in late 1901 to study electrical engineering at Finsbury Technical College in London (1902-1904) and Motor Engineering at Battersea Polytechnic (1905). He worked for the Wakefield & District Light Railway Co. until 1907 when he returned to Australia. From 1908 he lived at 'Spring Plains', a sheep station owned by his father near Mia Mia in central Victoria. After seeing a postcard of Wilbur Wright's flights in France in late 1908 he began experimenting with aviation, first constructing a Wright-type glider, and then a powered aircraft. The 20-25 horsepower, four-cylinder engine was made in Melbourne by J.E. Tilley. This Farman-type biplane made a short flight on 16 July 1910, but Duigan never considered this to be a fully controlled flight. He regarded his longer flight of 7 October 1910 as his first successful attempt. This was followed by ever longer and higher flights. His younger brother, Reg Duigan assisted with most aspects of the construction and testing of the biplane and later flew it about a dozen times. The biplane was flown in public at Bendigo Racecourse on 3 May 1911 where it completed its only circling flight as the paddock at Spring Plains was surrounded by hills and trees.\nIn June 1911 Duigan returned to the United Kingdom to gain his aviator's certificate (No. 211) at Brooklands in April 1912 using a tractor biplane built by A.V. Roe and purchased by Duigan in late 1911. He sold this machine before returning to Australia in late 1912. John and Reg then built a lighter version of the Avro design using the original ENV engine at their parents' house in Marshall Street Ivanhoe in Melbourne. This machine was badly damaged in a crash during its first flight at Keilor Plains in Victoria on 17 February 1913 that left Duigan badly bruised. On 26 November that year he married nurse Kathleen Rebecca Corney at Caulfield.\nDuigan enlisted in the Australian Flying Corps, and was commissioned lieutenant on 14 March 1916, and was appointed B Flight commander of No. 2 Squadron AFC (later renamed No. 3 Squadron AFC). In October, he embarked for England, and in August 1917 was promoted captain. He saw action in France with No. 3 Squadron AFC from December 1917 to May 1918. He received the Military Cross for gallantry after an air fight in which his RE.8 was set upon by four German Fokker Dr.1 Triplanes of Jasta 6 over Villers-Bretonneux on 9 May 1918. Despite being severely wounded, Duigan managed to land safely and saved the life of his observer Lieutenant Alec Paterson MM.\nDemobilised in 1919, Duigan returned to Melbourne to resume his profession as an engineer. He established his own garage business 'Old Bridge Motors' at Yarrawonga in 1928, which he ran until returning to Melbourne in 1941, following a heart attack. He worked for the AID in Melbourne as an inspector of aircraft parts until the end of World War II.\nAt the end of the war, he retired to Ringwood, where he died of cancer on 11 June 1951. A memorial was erected in 1960 near the site of his first flight fifty years previously. The original 1910 biplane has been held in the collection of Museum Victoria since 1920 when it was donated by John Duigan.\nQantas named their Airbus A380 registration VH-OQK \"John and Reginald Duigan\" in recognition of his and his brother's contribution to the aviation industry.", "Q380079": "Hardy Cross (1885 \u2013 1959) was an American structural engineer and the developer of the moment distribution method for structural analysis of statically indeterminate structures. The method was in general use from c. 1935 until c. 1960 when it was gradually superseded by other methods.", "Q1370831": "Ferran Mart\u00ednez Garriga (born April 25, 1968) is a retired Spanish professional basketball player. At a height of 2.13 m (7'0\") tall, he played as the power forward and center positions.", "Q69855": "Courtedoux is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy of the Canton of Jura, Switzerland.", "Q1715292": "J\u00f6rg Dr\u00e4ger (born 1 January 1968 in Darmstadt) is a German physicist, politician and manager. From 2001 to 2008 he served as a senator in the Hamburg state government. Since 2008 he has been a member of the Bertelsmann Stiftung Executive Board where he is responsible for the areas of education and integration. He is considered a leading education expert and is the author of numerous books on education policy, including the impacts of digitization.", "Q1678730": "Jaime Ricaurte Hurtado Gonz\u00e1lez (7 February 1937 \u2013 17 February 1999) was an Ecuadorian politician of African descent aligned with the Democratic People's Movement (MPD), a deputy in the Ecuadorian parliament, and at the time of his death was standing for election to the Ecuadorian presidency.", "Q218022": "Alain Resnais (French: [al\u025b\u0303 \u0281\u025bn\u025b]; 3 June 1922 \u2013 1 March 2014) was a French film director and screenwriter whose career extended over more than six decades. After training as a film editor in the mid-1940s, he went on to direct a number of short films which included Night and Fog (1956), an influential documentary about the Nazi concentration camps.Resnais began making feature films in the late 1950s and consolidated his early reputation with Hiroshima mon amour (1959), Last Year at Marienbad (1961), and Muriel (1963), all of which adopted unconventional narrative techniques to deal with themes of troubled memory and the imagined past. These films were contemporary with, and associated with, the French New Wave (la nouvelle vague), though Resnais did not regard himself as being fully part of that movement. He had closer links to the \"Left Bank\" group of authors and filmmakers who shared a commitment to modernism and an interest in left-wing politics. He also established a regular practice of working on his films in collaboration with writers previously unconnected with the cinema such as Jean Cayrol, Marguerite Duras, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Jorge Sempr\u00fan and Jacques Sternberg.In later films, Resnais moved away from the overtly political topics of some previous works and developed his interests in an interaction between cinema and other cultural forms, including theatre, music, and comic books. This led to imaginative adaptations of plays by Alan Ayckbourn, Henri Bernstein and Jean Anouilh, as well as films featuring various kinds of popular song.\nHis films frequently explore the relationship between consciousness, memory, and the imagination, and he was noted for devising innovative formal structures for his narratives. Throughout his career, he won many awards from international film festivals and academies.", "Q67878": "Novaggio is a municipality in the district of Lugano, in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland.", "Q706941": "Evan Shaw Parker (born 5 April 1944) is a British saxophone player who plays free jazz.\nRecording and performing prolifically with many collaborators, Parker was a pivotal figure in the development of European free jazz and free improvisation. He has pioneered or substantially expanded an array of extended techniques. Critic Ron Wynn describes Parker as \"among Europe's most innovative and intriguing saxophonists...his solo sax work isn't for the squeamish.\"", "Q561976": "Edgar Lindenau Aabye (September 14, 1865 \u2013 April 30, 1941) was a Danish athlete and journalist who earned a gold medal in the tug of war at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.\nAabye was an accomplished athlete who had previously won a Danish championship in swimming (1896) and been a competitor in rowing and cycling. Aabye joined the team which then competed in the only tug-of-war contest, defeating the French team for the gold medal. Initially, Aabye was not a member of the tug-of-war team but was working at the Paris Olympics as a journalist for the Politiken newspaper. When a member of the combined Dano-Swedish tug of war team was injured, the team asked Aabye to fill in as a last-minute substitute.", "Q4710534": "Albert John Dunlap (July 26, 1937 \u2013 January 25, 2019) was an American corporate executive. He was known at the peak of his career as a turnaround management specialist via mass layoffs, which earned him the nicknames \"Chainsaw Al\" and \"Rambo in Pinstripes\", after he posed for a photo wearing an ammo belt across his chest. It was later discovered that his reputed turnarounds were elaborate frauds and his career was ended after he engineered a massive accounting scandal at Sunbeam Products, now a division of Newell Brands, that forced the company into bankruptcy. Dunlap is on the lists of \"Worst CEOs of All Time\" published by several business publications. Fast Company noted that Dunlap \"might score impressively on the Corporate Psychopathy checklist\" and in an interview, Dunlap freely admitted to possessing many of the traits of a psychopath, but considered them positive traits such as leadership and decisiveness. He was a major benefactor of Florida State University.", "Q313605": "Wang Wei (Chinese: \u738b\u7dad; 699\u2013759) was a Chinese poet, musician, painter, and politician during the Tang dynasty. He was one of the most famous men of arts and letters of his time. Many of his poems are preserved, and twenty-nine were included in the highly influential 18th-century anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems.", "Q155824": "Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0292use\u02c8linu kubi\u02c8t\u0283\u025bk d\u0292i oli\u02c8vej\u027e\u0250]; 12 September 1902 \u2013 22 August 1976), known also by his initials JK, was a prominent Brazilian politician who served as the 21st President of Brazil from 1956 to 1961. His term was marked by economic prosperity and political stability, being most known for the construction of a new capital, Bras\u00edlia.", "Q113871": "Sibyll-Anka Klotz (born 1961, in Berlin) is a German politician and member of Alliance '90/The Greens in the parliament of Berlin.\nKlotz studied philosophy at the Humboldt University of Berlin in Berlin.\nSince 1991 Klotz has been member of the parliament in Berlin until 2006. Klotz lives with her daughter, and she lives openly as a lesbian.\n\n", "Q603193": "Antonio Marcegaglia (born in Mantua on 12 December 1963) is an Italian managing director, Chairman and CEO of Marcegaglia; the leading industrial group in steel manufacturing.", "Q943192": "Fantasia is a 1940 American animated film produced by Walt Disney and released by Walt Disney Productions. With story direction by Joe Grant and Dick Huemer, and production supervision by Ben Sharpsteen, it is the third Disney animated feature film. The film consists of eight animated segments set to pieces of classical music conducted by Leopold Stokowski, seven of which are performed by the Philadelphia Orchestra. Music critic and composer Deems Taylor acts as the film's Master of Ceremonies, providing a live-action introduction to each animated segment.\nDisney settled on the film's concept in 1938 as work neared completion on The Sorcerer's Apprentice, an elaborate Silly Symphonies short designed as a comeback role for Mickey Mouse, who had declined in popularity. As production costs grew higher than what it could earn, Disney decided to include the short in a feature-length film with other segments set to classical pieces. The soundtrack was recorded using multiple audio channels and reproduced with Fantasound, a pioneering sound reproduction system that made Fantasia the first commercial film shown in stereophonic sound.\nFantasia was first released as a theatrical roadshow held in thirteen U.S. cities from November 13, 1940. While acclaimed by critics, it was unable to make a profit due to World War II cutting off distribution to the European market, the film's high production costs, and the expense of leasing theatres and installing the Fantasound equipment for the roadshow presentations. The film was subsequently reissued multiple times with its original footage and audio being deleted, modified, or restored in each version. Fantasia is the 23rd highest-grossing film of all time in the U.S. when adjusted for inflation. The Fantasia franchise has grown to include video games, Disneyland attractions, and a live concert series. A sequel, Fantasia 2000, co-produced by Roy E. Disney, was released in 1999. Fantasia has grown in reputation over the years and is now widely acclaimed; in 1998 the American Film Institute ranked it as the 58th greatest American film in their 100 Years...100 Movies and the fifth greatest animated film in their 10 Top 10 list. In 1990, Fantasia was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".\n\n", "Q259718": "Saint Julie Billiart (12 July 1751 \u2014 8 April 1816) was a French religious leader and Catholic saint, who founded and was the first Superior General of the Congregation of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur.", "Q37097": "Manuel II Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ae\u03bb \u1f41 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, romanized: Manou\u0113l ho Palaiologos; 27 June 1350 \u2013 21 July 1425) was Byzantine Emperor from 1391 to 1425. Shortly before his death he was tonsured a monk and received the name Matthew. His wife Helena Draga\u0161 saw to it that their sons, John VIII Palaiologos and Constantine XI Palaiologos, become emperors. \nManuel is commemorated on July 21.", "Q54877718": "Intricate Vengeance is a 2016 television drama pilot created by Wilson Cleveland and directed by Mark Gantt for New Form, the digital studio co-founded by Ron Howard, Brian Grazer and Discovery Communications. The project was announced on April 5, 2016 during New Form's presentation at the annual MIPTV Media Market and released on YouTube as part of New Form's Incubator Three Series of scripted pilots.", "Q92359": "Karl Friedrich Adolf Wuttke (November 10, 1819 \u2013 April 12, 1870) was a German Protestant theologian.", "Q91650": "Benedict Zuckermann (9 October 1818 \u2013 17 December 1891) was a Jewish scientist in the Diaspora. A native of Germany, he was an Ashkenazic Jew.", "Q80985": "Fez or Fes (Arabic: \u0641\u0627\u0633\u200e [fa\u02d0s], Berber: \u2d3c\u2d30\u2d59 [fa\u02d0s], French: F\u00e8s) is a city in northern inland Morocco and the capital of the Fas-Meknas administrative region. It is the second largest city in Morocco after Casablanca, with a population of 1.7 million (2020). Located to the northeast of Atlas Mountains, Fez is situated at the crossroad of the important cities of all regions; 206 km (128 mi) from Tangier to the northwest, 246 km (153 mi) from Casablanca, 189 km (117 mi) from Rabat to the west, and 387 km (240 mi) from Marrakesh to the southwest which leads to the Trans-Saharan trade route. It is surrounded by the high grounds, and the old city is penetrated by the River of Fez flowing from the west to east.\nFez was founded under the Idrisid rule during the 8th-9th centuries C.E. It consisted of two autonomous and competing settlements. The migration of 2000 Arab families in the early 9th century gave the nascent city its Arabic character. After the downfall of the Idrisid dynasty, several empires came and went until the 11th century when the Almoravid Sultan Yusuf ibn Tashfin united the two settlements and rebuilt the city, which became today's Fes el Bali quarter. Under the Almoravid rule, the city gained a reputation for the religious scholarship and the mercantile activity.\nFez reached its zenith in the Marinid-era, regaining the status as the capital. Numerous madrasas, mosques, zawiyas and city gates were constructed which survived up until today. These buildings are considered the hallmarks of Moorish and Moroccan architectural styles. Marinid sultans also founded Fes Jdid quarter, where newer palaces and gardens were established. During this time, the Jewish population of the city grew as well, with the Mellah (Jewish quarter) attracting the Jewish migrants from other North African regions. After the overthrow of the Marinid dynasty, the city largely declined and was replaced by Marrakesh for political and cultural influence, but remained as the capital under the Wattasids and modern Morocco until 1912.\nToday, the city largely consists of two old medina quarters, Fes el Bali and Fes Jdid, and modern urban area of Ville Nouvelle constructed during the French colonial era. The medina of Fez is listed as a World Heritage Site and is believed to be one of the world's largest urban pedestrian zones (car-free areas). It has the University of Al Quaraouiyine which was founded in 859 and the oldest continuously functioning university in the world. It also has Chouara Tannery from the 11th century, one of the oldest tanneries in the world. The city has been called the \"Mecca of the West\" and the \"Athens of Africa,\" a nickname it shares with Cyrene in Libya.", "Q1370": "Virginia ( (listen)), officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's estimated population as of 2019 is over 8.54 million.The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent English colony in the New World. Virginia's state nickname, the Old Dominion, is a reference to this status. Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy. Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution. In the American Civil War, Virginia's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy, and Virginia's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union; that led to the creation of West Virginia. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia.The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World. The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008. It is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginia's economy has many sectors: agriculture in the Shenandoah Valley; federal agencies in Northern Virginia, including the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); and military facilities in Hampton Roads, the site of the region's main seaport.", "Q318750": "Stephen McDannell Hillenburg (August 21, 1961 \u2013 November 26, 2018) was an American animator, voice actor, and marine science educator. He is best remembered for creating the Nickelodeon animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. Hillenburg served as the showrunner for the first three seasons of the show, which has become the fifth-longest-running American animated series.\nBorn in Lawton, Oklahoma and raised in Anaheim, California, Hillenburg became fascinated with the ocean as a child and developed an interest in art. He started his professional career in 1984, instructing marine biology, at the Orange County Marine Institute, where he wrote The Intertidal Zone, an informative comic book about tide-pool animals, which he used to educate his students. In 1989, two years after leaving teaching, Hillenburg enrolled at the California Institute of the Arts to pursue a career in animation. He was later offered a job on the Nickelodeon animated television series Rocko's Modern Life (1993\u20131996) after his success with The Green Beret and Wormholes (both 1992), short films that he made while studying animation.\nIn 1994, Hillenburg began developing The Intertidal Zone characters and concepts for what became SpongeBob SquarePants. The show has aired continuously since its premiere in 1999. He also directed The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004), which he originally intended to be the series finale. However, Nickelodeon wanted to produce more episodes, so Hillenburg resigned as the showrunner. He went back to making short films, with Hollywood Blvd., USA in 2013, but continued to be credited as an executive producer for SpongeBob SquarePants. Hillenburg co-wrote the story for the second film adaptation of the series, The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water, which was released in 2015.\nBesides his two Emmy Awards and six Annie Awards for SpongeBob SquarePants, Hillenburg also received other recognition, such as an accolade from Heal the Bay for his efforts on elevating marine life awareness, and the Television Animation Award from the National Cartoonists Society. Hillenburg was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in 2017, but stated he would continue to work on SpongeBob SquarePants as long as possible. He died due to heart failure brought by the disease on November 26, 2018, at the age of 57.\n\n", "Q1452607": "Frederic Efrem Rich (January 31, 1898 \u2013 September 8, 1956) was a Polish-born American bandleader and composer who was active from the 1920s to the 1950s. Among the musicians in his band were the Dorsey Brothers, Joe Venuti, Bunny Berigan, and Benny Goodman. In the early 1930s, Elmer Feldkamp was one of his vocalists.\nRich was born in Warsaw, Poland. He was a pianist and formed his band in the 1920s. His theme songs were \"I'm Always Chasing Rainbows\" and \"So Beats My Heart for You.\" Between 1925\u20131928, he toured Europe. He enjoyed a long stay at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York City. He began leading a studio band and recorded for Okeh, Columbia, Paramount, Camden, and Vocalion, often under the names Fred Richards, the Astorites, and the Hotel Astor Band. Rich and his band served as their house band for a time in the 1920s. In the late 1930s, he became musical director for radio stations. In 1942 he moved to a staff position with United Artists Studios in Hollywood, where he remained for most of his career.\nRich's band played for several network radio programs, including The Abbott and Costello Show.Most of Rich's records are typical dance fare of the era. However, during the period between November 1929 and March 1931, there was a scattering of hot jazz versions of popular tunes, with notable solos by Bunny Berigan, Tommy Dorsey, Jimmy Dorsey, Joe Venuti, and Eddie Lang. These celebrated recordings include 'A Peach of a Pair\" (October 29, 1930), \"I Got Rhythm\"(October 29, 1930), \"Cheerful Little Earful\" (November 19, 1930), and \"I'm Tickled Pink with a Blue-Eyed Baby\" (November 19, 1930).\nAs \"Freddie Rich,\" he recorded dozens of popular-title piano rolls in the 1920s for the Aeolian Company, both for its reproducing Duo-Art system and its 88 note Mel-O-Dee label. Rich also contributed to the composition of a novelty song\"I'm Just Wild About Animal Crackers\". He has a number of song credits to his name, including \"Blue Tahitian Moonlight,\" \"Time Will Tell\", and \"On the Riviera.\" He also wrote scores for movies.\nIn 1945, Rich was badly injured when he suffered a fall. As a result, he suffered from partial paralysis. But despite this, Rich continued to lead studio bands into the 1950s. Fred Rich died on September 8, 1956 in California at the age of 58 after a long illness.", "Q426397": "The Innocent is a 1993 drama film directed by John Schlesinger. The screenplay was written by Ian McEwan and based on his 1990 novel of the same name. The film stars Anthony Hopkins, Isabella Rossellini, and Campbell Scott. It was released in the USA in 1995.", "Q55174": "Margaret Cushing Whitman (born August 4, 1956) is an American business executive, political activist, and philanthropist. She is the CEO of Quibi, and serves on the boards of Procter & Gamble and Dropbox. Whitman previously served as president and CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Whitman was a senior member of Mitt Romney's presidential campaigns in both 2008 and 2012 and ran for governor of California as a Republican in 2010, but supported Democrat Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election.\nA native of Cold Spring Harbor, a hamlet of Huntington, New York, Whitman is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Business School. Whitman served as an executive in The Walt Disney Company, where she was vice president of Strategic Planning throughout the 1980s. In the 1990s, she served as an executive for DreamWorks, Procter & Gamble, and Hasbro.\nWhitman served as president and CEO of eBay, from 1998 to 2008. During Whitman's 10 years with the company, she oversaw its expansion from 30 employees and $4 million in annual revenue, to more than 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue. In 2014, Whitman was named 20th in Forbes List of the 100 Most Powerful Women in the World.In 2008, Whitman was cited by The New York Times as among the women most likely to become the first female president of the United States. In February 2009, Whitman announced her candidacy for Governor of California, becoming the third woman in a 20-year period to run for the office. Whitman won the Republican primary in June 2010. The fifth-wealthiest woman in California with a net worth of $1.3 billion in 2010, she spent more of her own money on the race than any other political candidate spent on a single election in American history, spending $144 million of her own fortune and $178.5 million in total, including money from donors. Whitman was defeated by Democratic former Governor Jerry Brown in the 2010 California gubernatorial election by 54% to 41%.", "Q610689": "Tor N\u00f8rretranders (born June 20, 1955) is a Danish author of popular science. He was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. His books and lectures have primarily been focused on light popular science and its role in society, often with N\u00f8rretranders' own advice about how society should integrate new findings in popular science. He introduced the notion of exformation in his book The User Illusion.", "Q1999841": "A faq\u012bh (plural fuqah\u0101, Arabic: \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647, pl. \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621\u200e) is an Islamic jurist, an expert in fiqh, or Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic Law.", "Q253553": "Stella Stevens (born Estelle Eggleston; October 1, 1938) is an American film, television, and stage actress. She began her acting career in 1959 and starred in such popular films as Girls! Girls! Girls! (1962); The Nutty Professor (1963); The Courtship of Eddie's Father (1963); The Silencers (1966); Where Angels Go, Trouble Follows (1968); The Ballad of Cable Hogue (1970); and The Poseidon Adventure (1972).\nStevens also appeared in numerous television series, miniseries, and movies, including Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1960, 1988); Bonanza (1960); The Love Boat (1977, 1983); Hart to Hart (1979); Newhart (1983); Murder, She Wrote (1985); Magnum, P.I. (1986); Highlander: The Series (1995); and Twenty Good Years (2006). In 1960, she won a Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year \u2013 Actress. Stevens has also worked as a film producer, director, and writer. She appeared in three Playboy pictorials, and was Playmate of the Month for January 1960.", "Q44079": "Cyril of Alexandria (Greek: \u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f08\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2; Coptic: \u2ca0\u2c81\u2ca1\u2c81 \u2c94\u2ca9\u2ca3\u2c93\u2c97\u2c97\u2c9f\u2ca9 \u2c81\u0305 also \u2ca1\u2c93\u0300\u2c81\u2c85\u2c93\u2c9f\u2ca5 \u2c94\u2c93\u2ca3\u2c93\u2c97\u2c97\u2c9f\u2ca5; c. 376 \u2013 444) was the Patriarch of Alexandria from 412 to 444. He was enthroned when the city was at the height of its influence and power within the Roman Empire. Cyril wrote extensively and was a leading protagonist in the Christological controversies of the late-4th and 5th centuries. He was a central figure in the Council of Ephesus in 431, which led to the deposition of Nestorius as Patriarch of Constantinople.\nCyril is counted among the Church Fathers and the Doctors of the Church, and his reputation within the Christian world has resulted in his titles Pillar of Faith and Seal of all the Fathers, but Theodosius II, the Roman Emperor, condemned him for behaving like a \"proud pharaoh\", and the Nestorian bishops at the Council of Ephesus declared him a heretic, labelling him as a \"monster, born and educated for the destruction of the church.\"Cyril is well known for his dispute with Nestorius and his supporter Patriarch John of Antioch, whom Cyril excluded from the Council of Ephesus for arriving late. He is also known for his expulsion of Novatians and Jews from Alexandria and for inflaming tensions that led to the murder of the Hellenistic philosopher Hypatia by a Christian mob. Historians disagree over the extent of his responsibility in this.\nThe Roman Catholic Church did not commemorate Saint Cyril in the Tridentine Calendar: it added his feast only in 1882, assigning to it the date of 9 February. This date is used by the Western Rite Orthodox Church. Yet the 1969 Catholic Calendar revision moved it to 27 June, considered to be the day of the saint's death, as celebrated by the Coptic Orthodox Church. The same date has been chosen for the Lutheran calendar. The Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Churches celebrate his feast day on 9 June and also, together with Pope Athanasius I of Alexandria, on 18 January.", "Q109829": "Horst Brandst\u00e4tter (June 27, 1933 \u2013 June 3, 2015) was the owner of the German company Brandst\u00e4tter Group. The company was founded by Andreas Brandst\u00e4tter in 1876.", "Q950850": "Sir Samuel Morland, 1st Baronet (1625 \u2013 30 December 1695), or Moreland, was an English academic, diplomat, spy, inventor and mathematician of the 17th century, a polymath credited with early developments in relation to computing, hydraulics and steam power.", "Q3314516": "Colonel Milton Alexander McRae (July 13, 1858 \u2013 October 11, 1930) was an American newspaper publisher who co-founded the Scripps-McRae League of Newspapers (now Scripps-Howard) and United Press International. The son of Helen and Duncan Van McRae, he was born in Detroit, Michigan in the United States.", "Q45373": "Konstantin Alexander Wecker (born June 1, 1947, Munich) is one of the best-known German singer-songwriters (\"Liedermacher\"); he also works as a composer, author, and actor.", "Q360827": "Kurt Westergaard (born Kurt Vestergaard; 13 July 1935) is a Danish cartoonist who created the controversial cartoon of a terrorist, although not the Islamic prophet Muhammad as it is often claimed, wearing a bomb in his turban. This cartoon was the most contentious of the 12 Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons, which met with strong reactions from Muslims worldwide who condemned the act, including Western countries. Since the drawing of the cartoon, Westergaard has received numerous death threats and been a target of assassination attempts. As a result, he is under constant police protection.", "Q213163": "\u00c9lisabeth Louise Vig\u00e9e Le Brun (also spelt Vig\u00e9e-Lebrun; French pronunciation: \u200b[elizab\u025bt lwiz vi\u0292e l\u0259b\u0281\u0153\u0303]; 16 April 1755 \u2013 30 March 1842), also known as Madame Le Brun, was a prominent French portrait painter of the late 18th century.\nHer artistic style is generally considered part of the aftermath of Rococo with elements of an adopted Neoclassical style. Her subject matter and color palette can be classified as Rococo, but her style is aligned with the emergence of Neoclassicism. Vig\u00e9e Le Brun created a name for herself in Ancien R\u00e9gime society by serving as the portrait painter to Marie Antoinette. She enjoyed the patronage of European aristocrats, actors, and writers, and was elected to art academies in ten cities.Vig\u00e9e Le Brun created some 660 portraits and 200 landscapes. In addition to many works in private collections, her paintings are owned by major museums, such as the Louvre, Hermitage Museum, National Gallery in London, Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and many other collections in continental Europe and the United States.\n\n", "Q310318": "David Russell Strathairn (; born January 26, 1949) is an American actor.\nStrathairn came to prominence in the 1980s and the 1990s performing in the films of fellow Williams College graduate John Sayles, including Return of the Secaucus 7 (his screen debut), The Brother from Another Planet, Matewan, City of Hope, Eight Men Out, and Limbo. Strathairn was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for portraying journalist Edward R. Murrow in Good Night, and Good Luck (2005). He is also recognized for his role as CIA Deputy Director Noah Vosen in the 2007 film The Bourne Ultimatum, a role he reprised in 2012's The Bourne Legacy. He played a prominent role as Dr. Lee Rosen on the Syfy series Alphas from 2011 to 2012 and played Secretary of State William H. Seward in Steven Spielberg's Lincoln (2012). He won an Emmy and was nominated for a Golden Globe for his role in the TV film, Temple Grandin (2010).", "Q1398433": "Karlos Argui\u00f1ano Urkiola (born September 6, 1948) is a Spanish chef, popular TV presenter and producer, and Basque pelota businessman.\nHis devotion to cuisine started when he was a child and helped at home because he was the eldest of four siblings and had a disabled mother.\nBefore beginning his training in the field of cooking, he worked for CAF, a rail car manufacturer at Beasain. When he was 17 years old, he decided to take part in a course at the Escuela de Hosteler\u00eda del Hotel Euromar where, over three years, he was taught the main principles of cooking by Luis Irizar. There he met some people who have gone on to achieve great success in the world of cuisine, such as Pedro Subijana and Ram\u00f3n Roteta.\n\nArgui\u00f1ano has had a hotel-restaurant on the beach at Zarautz since 1978.\nHe was one of the first TV chefs in Spain with his cooking show, La cocina de Karlos Argui\u00f1ano [1], first on Euskal Telebista, later on Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola, Argentine ATC, back in Spain with Telecinco and, since September 2010 on Antena 3.\nArgui\u00f1ano combines recipe preparation with tips, jokes and amateur singing.\nHis catchphrase is Rico, rico y con fundamento (\"Tasty, tasty and with nutritional value\") and his trademark is the use of parsley.\nHis sister Eva Argui\u00f1ano has also appeared on TV, usually in the dessert section of the show.\nHe has taken over control of the show through his production company Asegarce. Asegarce also controls a big part of the professional Basque pelota business and is one of the owning companies of the TV channel La Sexta.", "Q171986": "John Nicholson (6 October 1941 \u2013 19 September 2017) was a racing driver from Auckland, New Zealand. He participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 20 July 1974. He scored no championship points.\nNicholson was the 1973 and 1974 British Formula Atlantic champion, using a Lyncar chassis and in his 'day job' was an engine-builder for McLaren. Nicholson also worked for Cosworth, Lotus and Embassy Hill, and he prepared a Saab engine for use in a Reynard Formula Three car.Following his Formula Atlantic success, Nicholson commissioned Martin Slater of Lyncar to build him a Formula One car, despite, by this time, having established his own engine building business, which meant he was unable to commit to a full grand prix season. His race entries, therefore, were mainly in non-championship races. He entered the British Grand Prix in 1974 and 1975 and qualified for the latter race. He was classified 17th, five laps behind, despite crashing in the heavy storm towards the end of the race. Nicholson subsequently planned a further and stronger attempt at Formula One with a privateer McLaren M23 but the purchase of the chassis fell through. He did continue in both Formula Two and Formula 5000 in 1976 before racing in his native New Zealand in January 1977.After retiring from racing, Nicholson turned his sporting attention to powerboat racing as well as continuing with his business interests.He died in 2017 at the age of 75.", "Q723525": "Runer Jonsson (29 June 1916 - 29 October 2006) was a Swedish journalist and author. He was editor of Nybro Tidning and the author of the Vicke Viking series of children's books adapted into the animated series Vicky the Viking.", "Q941949": "Natacha Polony (born 15 April 1975) is a French journalist and essayist specialising in education. She worked on the France 2 TV show On n'est pas couch\u00e9, presented by Laurent Ruquier from 2011 until 2014.", "Q126606": "Bernard Joseph Archard (20 August 1916 \u2013 1 May 2008) was an English actor who made numerous film and television appearances.", "Q523589": "William David \"Billy\" Gould (born April 24, 1963 in Los Angeles, California) is an American musician and producer. He is best known as the bassist of Faith No More.\n\n", "Q176031": "Werner Willi Max Eiselen (1899\u20131977) was a South African anthropologist and linguist. He was an ally and associate of Hendrik Verwoerd, the Minister of Native Affairs from 1950\u20131958 and the Prime Minister of South Africa from 1958\u20131966. He led the Eiselen Commission, an advisory board that investigated native education and formed the basis of the Bantu Education Act of 1953 which moved control of education of South Africa's blacks from missionary schools to local government control. It also made starting a \"Bantu\" school without permission and registration from the government illegal.Eiselen was a supporter of apartheid; he believed that it would be better for both white and black South Africans. Eiselen was fluent in a number of African languages and studied a number of South Africa's native tribes. Eiselen's books and works were commonly cited by the National Party and pro-apartheid South Africans, and he is sometimes referred to as an \"intellectual architect\" of the system.", "Q4684341": "Adolph Friedrich Lindemann (13 May 1846 \u2013 25 August 1931) was a British engineer, businessman, and amateur astronomer of German origin.", "Q262942": "Maj Lillemor \"Lill\" Lindfors, born 12 May 1940 in Helsinki, Finland, is a Swedish singer who has performed in Scandinavia since the 1960s.", "Q14882": "Schorndorf is a town in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, located approximately 26 km east of Stuttgart. Its train station is the terminus of the S2 line of the Stuttgart S-Bahn.\nThe city is also sometimes referred to as Die Daimlerstadt (The Daimler City in English), as it is the town in which Gottlieb Daimler (1834\u20131900) was born.", "Q329599": "Neil Stubenhaus is an American bass guitarist.", "Q400422": "Saratov Chernyshevsky State University (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041d. \u0413. \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0421\u0413\u0423, transcribed as SGU) is a major higher education and research institution in Russia. Named for Nikolay Chernyshevsky, the university was founded in 1909 under the name Imperial Saratov University. The Regional Institute for Microbiology and Epidemiology in South East Russia opened in the city in 1919.It is located on the Volga River in the city of Saratov. SGU has 28 departments, more than 90 programmes of study are offered and the current enrollment is around 28,000 students.\nIn April 2006 the programming team from Saratov State University won the world finals of the 2006 ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest held in San Antonio, Texas.", "Q172257": "Fran\u00e7ois Mazet (born 24 February 1943 in Paris) is a former racing driver from France. He participated in only one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, finished 13th and scored no championship points.\nMazet won the French Formula Three Championship in 1969 with a Tecno, and moved to Formula Two (F2) with the Sports Motor team alongside Tim Schenken for 1970. It was not a successful move and with sponsorship from Shell Petroleum, Mazet raced Jo Siffert's F2 Chevron when Siffert was unavailable as well as touring cars for Ford Germany. The association with Siffert led to Mazet driving the team's March 701 at Paul Ricard in the 1971 French Grand Prix. This however, was his only attempt at Formula One.\nAfter his racing career ended, Mazet was involved in the sponsorship of Lotus by Essex Petroleum in the 1980s.", "Q4730828": "Allan Martinson (born 1966) is an Estonian technology entrepreneur and investor. He is the CEO of Xolo, a company serving the global freelancer community. In the past, he was the Chief Operating Officer and Chief Sales Officer of Starship Technologies, a company building robotic platforms for last-mile delivery until March 2018, and managing partner of MTVP, a tech investment company.\n\n", "Q500350": "Dirty Rotten Imbeciles (often abbreviated, and referred to, as D.R.I.) are an American crossover thrash band that formed in Houston, Texas in 1982. The band is currently composed of two of its founding members, vocalist Kurt Brecht and guitarist Spike Cassidy, as well as drummer Rob Rampy and bass player Greg Orr.\nD.R.I. never gained a mainstream audience, but the integration of their hardcore punk roots with thrash metal influences was a stylistic catalyst for their contemporaries \u2014 most notably Suicidal Tendencies, Corrosion of Conformity, Stormtroopers of Death, the Cro-Mags, Nuclear Assault and Cryptic Slaughter \u2014 alongside whom they are considered to be one of the major pioneers of what would later be called \"crossover thrash\", along with Adrenalin O.D., with both bands having a heavy influence on modern thrash metal.\nTo date, D.R.I. has released seven full-length studio albums. Other than three new songs on the 2016 EP But Wait...There's More!, they have not released a full-length studio album since Full Speed Ahead in 1995. Despite this, the band has continued to tour almost every year, and gone on hiatus intermittently, notably between 2004 and 2009, when Cassidy was diagnosed with colon cancer. Since at least 1998, D.R.I. has been working on their eighth full-length studio album, which remains unreleased.", "Q58444": "Liam John Neeson (born 7 June 1952) is an actor from Northern Ireland. He has been nominated for a number of awards, including an Academy Award for Best Actor, a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and three Golden Globe Awards for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama. Empire magazine ranked Neeson among both the \"100 Sexiest Stars in Film History\" and \"The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time\".In 1976, Neeson joined the Lyric Players' Theatre in Belfast for two years. He then acted in the Arthurian film Excalibur (1981). Between 1982 and 1987, Neeson starred in five films, most notably alongside Mel Gibson and Anthony Hopkins in The Bounty (1984), and Robert De Niro and Jeremy Irons in The Mission (1986). He landed a leading role alongside Patrick Swayze in Next of Kin (1989).\nNeeson rose to prominence when he starred as Oskar Schindler in Schindler's List (1993). He has since starred in other successful films, including the drama Nell (1994), the historical biopic Michael Collins (1996), the 1998 film adaptation of Victor Hugo's Les Mis\u00e9rables, the epic space opera Star Wars: Episode I \u2013 The Phantom Menace (1999), the biographical drama Kinsey (2004), the superhero film Batman Begins (2005), the action thriller series Taken (2008\u20132014), the survival film The Grey (2011), and the historical drama Silence (2016). He also provided the voices of Aslan in The Chronicles of Narnia trilogy (2005\u20132010) and the titular monster in A Monster Calls (2016).", "Q11722": "Rudolf Ramek (12 April 1881 \u2013 24 July 1941 ) was an Austrian Christian Social politician, who served as Chancellor of Austria from 1924 to 1926.\n\n", "Q375594": "Born Yesterday is a 1950 American comedy-drama film directed by George Cukor, based on the stage play of the same name by Garson Kanin. The screenplay was credited to Albert Mannheimer. According to Kanin's autobiography, Cukor did not like Mannheimer's work, believing it lacked much of the play's value, so he approached Kanin about adapting a screenplay from his own play. Because of legal entanglements, Kanin did not receive screen credit.The film tells the story of an uneducated young woman, Billie Dawn (played by Judy Holliday, in an Oscar-winning performance) and an uncouth, older, wealthy junkyard tycoon, Harry Brock (Broderick Crawford) who comes to Washington to try to \"buy\" a congressman. When Billie embarrasses him socially, Brock hires journalist Paul Verrall (William Holden) to educate her. In the process, Billie learns how corrupt Harry is, and eventually falls in love with Paul.\nThe film was produced and released by Columbia Pictures. Ironically, Kanin frequently stated that Harry Brock was modeled on Columbia production chief Harry Cohn, with whom Kanin had a long and testy relationship. According to Cohn biographer Bob Thomas, Cohn knew of Kanin's attribution but didn't care about it.\nIn 2012, Born Yesterday was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.", "Q217305": "The New Yorker is an American weekly magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry. Started as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is now published 47 times annually, with five of these issues covering two-week spans. Although its reviews and events listings often focus on the cultural life of New York City, The New Yorker has a wide audience outside New York and is read internationally. It is well known for its illustrated and often topical covers, its commentaries on popular culture and eccentric Americana, its attention to modern fiction by the inclusion of short stories and literary reviews, its rigorous fact checking and copy editing, its journalism on politics and social issues, and its single-panel cartoons sprinkled throughout each issue.", "Q454073": "S\u00edlvia Mars\u00f3 (Barcelona, March 8, 1963) is a Spanish film, stage and television actress.\nShe started in the TVE game show Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez.", "Q113865": "Marianna T\u00f6r\u00f6k de Szendr\u0151 (German: May Torok von Szendro; June 15, 1877 in Philadelphia, US \u2013 August 5, 1968 in Graz) was a Hungarian noble, second spouse of the Khedive Abbas II of Egypt.", "Q2394981": "Zorgvlied is a cemetery on the Amsteldijk in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, on the left bank of the river Amstel. The cemetery was opened in 1870 by the city of Amstelveen which still owns and operates it, though since 1896 (when city lines were redrawn) it is located within the boundaries of the city of Amsterdam. One of the country's best-known cemeteries, it is notable for the large number of celebrities, especially from the literary and theater worlds, buried there.", "Q122460": "Bayume Mohamed Husen (born Mahjub bin Adam Mohamed; 22 February 1904 \u2013 24 November 1944) was the son of a former askari officer and served together with his father in World War I with German colonial troops in East Africa. Later, he worked as a waiter on a German shipping line and was able to move to Germany in 1929. He married and started a family in January 1933. Husen supported the German neo-colonialist movement and contributed to the Deutsche Afrika-Schau, a former human zoo used by Nazi political propagandists. Husen worked as a waiter and in various minor jobs in language tutoring and in smaller roles in various Africa-related German film productions. In 1941, he was imprisoned in the KZ Sachsenhausen, where he died in 1944. His Afro-German life was the subject of a 2007 biography and a 2014 documentary film.", "Q3086972": "Fred Wolcott (November 28, 1915 - January 26, 1972) is a former American track and field athlete who was United States champion and world record holder in the sprint hurdles events in the late 1930s and early 1940s.", "Q536184": "Barry \"The Fish\" Melton (born June 14, 1947) is the co-founder and original lead guitarist of Country Joe and the Fish and The Dinosaurs. He appears on all the Country Joe and the Fish recordings and he also wrote some of the songs that the band recorded. He appeared in the films made at Monterey Pop and Woodstock, and also appeared as an outlaw in the neo-Western film, Zachariah, and other films in which Country Joe and the Fish appear. An attorney and member of the State Bar of California, Melton has maintained a criminal defense practice since 1982.", "Q737236": "Mystique (Raven Darkh\u00f6lme) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, commonly in association with the X-Men. Created by artist David Cockrum and writer Chris Claremont, she first appeared in the comic book Ms. Marvel #16 (April 1978).A member of a subspecies of humanity known as mutants who are born with superhuman abilities, she is a shapeshifter who can mimic the appearance and voice of any person with exquisite precision; her natural appearance includes blue skin and yellow eyes. Typically portrayed as a foe of the X-Men, Mystique has been a supervillain, founding her own Brotherhood of Mutants and assassinating several important people involved in mutant affairs; she has been stated to be over 100 years old. Mystique is the mother of the X-Men hero Nightcrawler and the villain Graydon Creed, and the adoptive mother of the X-Men heroine Rogue.In 2009, Mystique was ranked as IGN's 18th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time. Mystique appears in seven of the X-Men films: the character was portrayed by Rebecca Romijn in X-Men (2000), X2 (2003) and X-Men: The Last Stand (2006), while Jennifer Lawrence portrayed a younger version in X-Men: First Class (2011), X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), X-Men: Apocalypse (2016) and Dark Phoenix (2019).", "Q1275949": "ESP-Disk is a New York-based record company and label founded in 1964 by lawyer Bernard Stollman.\nThough it originally existed to release Esperanto-based music, starting with its second release (Albert Ayler's Spiritual Unity), ESP became the most important exponent of what is commonly referred to as free jazz. ESP also released recordings by uncommercial underground rock acts including the Fugs, The Godz and Pearls Before Swine.\nBernard Stollman faced allegations of not paying royalties to the artists that were signed to ESP-Disk. Tom Rapp of the band Pearls Before Swine claimed that \"We never got any money from ESP. Never, not even like a hundred dollars or something. My real sense is that he [Stollman] was abducted by aliens, and when he was probed it erased his memory of where all the money was\". Peter Stampfel of the band Holy Modal Rounders and The Fugs claimed that Stollman told him that \"the contract says that all rights belong to me. You have no royalties ever, ever, ever. The publishing is mine. You don't own the songs anymore. We don't owe you anything\". Members of The Fugs have also stated claims that they received an unfavourable record contract. Ed Sanders said that \"our royalty rate was less than 3%, one of the lower percentages in the history of western civilization\". 801 Magazine, which featured an interview with Stollman in 2008, said that Stollman claimed that \"he paid all the recording costs and gave the musicians small advances\", and that \"he never made any money from the music\".", "Q352895": "David Eugene Edwards (born February 24, 1968 in Englewood, Colorado) is an American musician.\nHe is the lead singer of Wovenhand, and also the main songwriter and the principal musician on the recordings of the band. He is the former lead singer of 16 Horsepower. Their music contains elements of old-time, folk, punk, medieval, gypsy, Native American music, and most recently late 1980s and early 1990s Gothic Rock. Lyrically, it deals with pain, conflict, faith, and redemption, with Edwards' personal Christian beliefs influencing much of the lyrical imagery.\nEdwards, along with Jean-Yves Tola and Pascal Humbert (together as 16 Horsepower) performs on the soundtrack to the Jim White-inspired film Searching for the Wrong-Eyed Jesus, playing the traditional \"Wayfarin' Stranger.\" He also appears in the film, playing a fragment of \"Phyllis Ruth,\" a 16 Horsepower song from 1997's Low Estate.\nIn 2012, he became a member of Crime & the City Solution. In 2018, Edwards and co-member Alexander Hacke released an album called Risha.\nEdwards is married and has two children, a boy and a girl (Asher, who plays strings on 16 Horsepower's album Secret South and appears in the videos for the band's songs \"Haw\" and \"Clogger\").", "Q363490": "Sebastian Philip Bierk (born April 3, 1968), known professionally as Sebastian Bach, is a Canadian singer-songwriter who achieved mainstream success as frontman of Skid Row from 1987 to 1996. He continues a solo career, acted on Broadway, and has made appearances in film and television.", "Q452364": "Brittany Nicole Waddell, better known by her stage name Britt Nicole, is an American vocalist, songwriter and recording artist. She has mainly charted as a Christian pop artist, but in 2012 found her debut mainstream single, \"Gold\", and, in 2013, \"Ready or Not\", in the Mainstream Top 40. Her fourth studio album, Gold, was nominated for Best Contemporary Christian Music Album at the 55th Grammy Awards. She is signed to Sparrow and Capitol Records.\n\n", "Q1888794": "Kenneth Noble Stevens (March 24, 1924 \u2013 August 19, 2013) was the Clarence J. LeBel Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Professor of Health Sciences and Technology at the Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT. Stevens was head of the Speech Communication Group in MIT's Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE), and was one of the world's leading scientists in acoustic phonetics.\nHe was awarded the National Medal of Science from President Bill Clinton in 1999, and the IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award in 2004.\nHe died in 2013 from complications of Alzheimer's disease.", "Q172531": "Bertil Roos (October 12, 1943 \u2013 March 31, 2016) was a Swedish racing driver from Gothenburg. He participated in a single Formula One Grand Prix, his home race in 1974, from which he retired with transmission failure.", "Q445618": "The Banat Swabians are an ethnic German population in Central-Southeast Europe, part of the Danube Swabians.\nThey emigrated in the 18th century to what was then the Austrian Empire's Banat of Temeswar province, later included in the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, a province which had been left sparsely populated by the wars with Turkey. At the end of World War I in 1918, the Swabian minority worked to establish an independent multi-ethnic Banat Republic; however, the province was divided by the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, and the Treaty of Trianon of 1920. The greater part was annexed by Romania, a smaller part by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (since 1929 Yugoslavia) and a small region around Szeged remained part of Hungary.\nFollowing World War II most Banat Swabians were expelled to the West by the Soviet Union and its subsidiaries, and after 1990 and the fall of the Soviet Union and its republics many of those remaining left for economic and emotional reasons.", "Q1389258": "Prince Henrik of Denmark (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8hen\u02c0\u0281ek]; born Henri Marie Jean Andr\u00e9 de Laborde de Monpezat; 11 June 1934 \u2013 13 February 2018) was the husband of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark.\nHenrik was born in the French commune of Talence near Bordeaux to an old French family, the Laborde de Monpezats. He spent his early years in Tonkin in French Indochina (now part of Vietnam), where his family had lived for many years. The family spent the Second World War at the family home in Cahors, France. They returned to French Indochina after the war. However, they were forced to flee following the defeat of the French in the First Indochina War. After completing his education in France and Vietnam, Henrik served in the French Army during the Algerian War. Prior to his marriage to Margrethe, he worked in the diplomatic service. He married Margrethe at the Holmen Church on 10 June 1967 and became her prince consort when she succeeded her father, King Frederick IX, as monarch of Denmark on 14 January 1972.He had two sons, Crown Prince Frederik (born 1968) and Prince Joachim (born 1969), and eight grandchildren. Throughout his time as Prince consort, Henrik voiced his displeasure with the fact that he never received the title of king.A keen winemaker, Henrik produced his own wine at his estate in France. He also published many works of poetry. He was the first male consort to a Danish monarch. Henrik retired from his royal duties on 1 January 2016, at the age of 81. He died in Fredensborg Palace on 13 February 2018, after a short illness.", "Q555379": "Gabriele Ferzetti (born Pasquale Ferzetti; 17 March 1925 \u2013 2 December 2015) was an Italian actor with more than 160 credits across film, television, and stage. His career was at its peak in the 1950s and 1960s.\nFerzetti's first leading role was in the film Lo Zappatore (1950). He portrayed Puccini twice in the films Puccini (1953) and Casa Ricordi (1954). He made his international breakthrough in Michelangelo Antonioni's controversial L'Avventura (1960) as a restless playboy. After a series of romantic performances, he acquired a reputation in Italy as an elegant, debonair, and somewhat aristocratic looking leading man.Ferzetti starred as Lot in John Huston's biblical epic, The Bible: In the Beginning... (1966), and played railroad baron Morton in Sergio Leone's Once Upon a Time in the West (1968). Perhaps his best known role, internationally, was in the James Bond movie On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969) as Marc Ange Draco, although his voice was dubbed by British actor David de Keyser. He was perhaps best known to non-mainstream audiences for his role as the psychiatrist, Hans, in Liliana Cavani's The Night Porter (1974). In the 1970s, he appeared in a significant number of crime films, often as an inspector. \nHe appeared in Julia and Julia, opposite Laurence Olivier in Inchon (1982), and the cult film, First Action Hero. Later in his career, he played the role of Nono in the TV series Une famille formidable, while also appearing in Luca Guadagnino's 2009 film I Am Love.", "Q348615": "Lorenzo Jerald Patterson (born June 16, 1969), better known by his stage name MC Ren, is an American rapper, songwriter and record producer from Compton, California. He is the founder and owner of the record label, Villain. His moniker is derived from the middle letters in his first name (Lorenzo).MC Ren began his career as a solo artist signed to Eazy-E's Ruthless Records in early 1987, while still attending high school. By the end of 1987, after having written nearly half of Eazy-Duz-It, he became a member of N.W.A. After the group disbanded in 1991, he stayed with Ruthless, before leaving the label in 1998.", "Q171038": "Softball is a game similar to baseball played with a larger ball (11 to 12 in. circumference) on a field that has base lengths of 60 feet, a pitcher's mound that ranges from 43-50 feet away from home plate, and a home run fence that is 220-300 feet away from home plate, depending on the type of softball being played. It was invented in 1887 in Chicago, Illinois, United States as an indoor game. The game moves at a faster pace than traditional baseball. There is less time for the base runner to get to first while the opponent fields the ball; yet, the fielder has less time to field the ball while the opponent is running down to first base. The name \"softball\" was given to the game in 1926, because the ball used to be soft; however, in modern-day usage, the balls are hard.\nA tournament held in 1933 at the Chicago World's Fair spurred interest in the game. The Amateur Softball Association (ASA) of America (founded 1933) is one of the largest governing bodies for the game in the United States and sponsors annual sectional and World Series championships. Other national and regional governing bodies also exist, including the USSSA. The World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC) regulates rules of play in more than 110 countries, including the United States and Canada; before the WBSC was formed in 2013, the International Softball Federation filled this role. Women's fast pitch softball became a Summer Olympic sport in 1996, but it and baseball were dropped from the 2012 program; they are to be reinstated in 2020.\nThere are two rules codes for softball generally. In the most common type, slow-pitch softball, the ball, which can measure either 11 inches, for a women's league, or 12 inches, for a men's league, in circumference, must arch on its path to the batter, and there are 10 players on the field at once. Bunting and stealing bases are not permitted. In fast pitch softball, the pitch is fast, there are nine players on the field at one time, and while bunting and stealing bases are permitted, leading off is not. Fast pitch being the most common in some states, such as Virginia, where fast pitch is the most common type of softball in high schools across the state. The Olympics features women's fast pitch softball. Softball rules vary somewhat from those of baseball. Two major differences are that the ball must be pitched underhand\u2014from 50 ft (15.2 m) in slow pitch, or 46/43 ft (14/13.1 m) for men/women in fast pitch as compared with 60.5 ft (18.4 m) in baseball\u2014and that seven innings, or 1-2 hours depending on the league, constitute a regulation game compared with nine innings in baseball.Despite the name, the ball used in softball is not soft, unless using a foam practice softball. It is about 12 in (about 30 cm) in circumference (11 or 12 in for slow-pitch), which is 3 in (8 cm) larger than a baseball. Softball recreational leagues for children use 11-inch balls until around 13 for boys, and girls continue to use the 11-inch ball. The infield in softball is smaller than on an adult or high school baseball diamond but identical to that used by Little League Baseball; each base is 60 ft (18 m) from the next, as opposed to baseball's 90 ft (27 m). In fast pitch softball the entire infield is dirt, whereas the infield in baseball is grass except at the bases and on the pitcher's mound which are dirt. Softball mounds are also flat, while baseball mounds are a small hill. Softballs are pitched underhand, but baseballs are pitched overhand. This changes the arc of the ball when approaching the plate. For example, depending if the pitcher pitches a fastball, in softball the ball would most likely rise while in baseball because the pitcher is on a hill, the ball would drop.", "Q311760": "Sir Peter Frederick Strawson FBA (; 23 November 1919 \u2013 13 February 2006), usually cited as P. F. Strawson, was an English philosopher. He was the Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at the University of Oxford (Magdalen College) from 1968 to 1987. Before that, he was appointed as a college lecturer at University College, Oxford, in 1947, and became a tutorial fellow the following year, until 1968. On his retirement in 1987, he returned to the college and continued working there until shortly before his death. His portrait was painted by the artists Muli Tang and Daphne Todd.When he died, the obituary in The Guardian noted that, \"Oxford was the world capital of philosophy between 1950 and 1970, and American academics flocked there, rather than the traffic going the other way. That golden age had no greater philosopher than Sir Peter Strawson.\"", "Q148861": "The German Communist Party (German: Deutsche Kommunistische Partei, DKP) is a minor communist party in Germany. The DKP supports far-left positions and was an observer member of the European Left. At the end of February 2016 it left the European party.", "Q156487": "P\u00e9ter Medgyessy (Hungarian: [\u02c8pe\u02d0t\u025br \u02c8m\u025b\u025f\u025f\u025b\u0283i] (listen); born 19 October 1942) is a Hungarian politician and was the Prime Minister of the Republic of Hungary from 27 May 2002 until 29 September 2004. On 25 August 2004 he resigned over disputes with coalition partner Alliance of Free Democrats, but remained caretaker Prime Minister for a 30-day period as required by the Constitution, and a few additional days until his successor Ferenc Gyurcs\u00e1ny was confirmed by Parliament.\n\n", "Q921703": "Tonmi Lillman (born Tommi Kristian Lillman, 3 June 1973 \u2013 13 February 2012) was a Finnish musician, best known as Otus, the former drummer of the Finnish hard rock band Lordi.\nLillman died on 13 February 2012 after a bout of illness.", "Q1066027": "Charles Robert Schwab (born July 29, 1937) is an American investor, and financial executive. He is the founder and chairman of the Charles Schwab Corporation. He pioneered discount sales of equity securities starting in 1975. His company became by far the largest discount securities dealer in the United States. He retired as CEO in 2008, but remains chairman and is the largest shareholder.\nAs of February 2017, his net worth is estimated by Forbes to be $8.2 billion, making him 76th richest man on the Forbes 400.", "Q157799": "Valdemar II (9 May 1170 \u2013 28 March 1241), called Valdemar the Victorious or Valdemar the Conqueror (Valdemar Sejr), was the King of Denmark from 1202 until his death in 1241. The nickname Sejr is a later invention and was not used during the King's own lifetime. Sejr means victory in Danish.", "Q15208489": "The Central School of Art and Design was a public school of fine and applied arts in London, England. It offered foundation and degree level courses. It was established in 1896 by the London County Council as the Central School of Arts and Crafts. Central became part of the London Institute in 1986, and in 1989 merged with Saint Martin's School of Art to form Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design.\n\n", "Q1402": "Giovanni Boccaccio (UK: , US: , Italian: [d\u0292o\u02c8vanni bok\u02c8katt\u0283o]; 16 June 1313 \u2013 21 December 1375) was an Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist. Boccaccio wrote a number of notable works, including The Decameron and On Famous Women. He wrote his imaginative literature mostly in Tuscan vernacular, as well as other works in Latin, is particularly noted for his realistic dialogue which differed from that of his contemporaries, medieval writers who usually followed formulaic models for character and plot.", "Q45415": "Rudolph Moshammer (27 September 1940 \u2013 14 January 2005) was a German fashion designer. He was murdered at the age of 64 in the Gr\u00fcnwald suburb of Munich, Germany.", "Q168569": "Martin Andersen Nex\u00f8 (26 June 1869 \u2013 1 June 1954) was a Danish author. He was one of the authors in the Modern Breakthrough movement in Danish art and literature. He was a socialist throughout his life and during the second world war moved to the Soviet Union, and afterwards to Dresden in East Germany.", "Q317311": "Swann in Love (French: Un amour de Swann, German: Eine Liebe von Swann), is a 1984 Franco-German film directed by Volker Schl\u00f6ndorff. It is based on Marcel Proust's novel sequence In Search of Lost Time, specifically the first volume the title of which typically translates as Swann's Way. It was nominated for 2 BAFTA Film Awards.", "Q22237363": "Frank Theys (born 1963 in Uccle, Belgium) is Belgian filmmaker and visual artist. Theys lives in Brussels and Amsterdam.\nTheys' video and interactive installations to experimental film, documentary, and theater performance have been placed into collections at the MOMA in New York, the Centre National de la Cin\u00e9matographie in Paris, SMAK Ghent, and the Museum for the Moving Image in New York.In 2006 Theys collaborated with Michel Bauwens to create a three-part documentary film named TechnoCalyps.", "Q2123": "Regina () is the capital city of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The city is the second-largest in the province, after Saskatoon and is a commercial centre for southern Saskatchewan. As of the 2016 census, Regina had a city population of 215,106, and a Metropolitan Area population of 236,481. Statistics Canada has estimated the CMA's population to be 261,684 as of 2019 . It is governed by Regina City Council. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Sherwood No. 159.\nRegina was previously the seat of government of the North-West Territories, of which the current provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta originally formed part, and of the District of Assiniboia. The site was previously called Wascana (\"Buffalo Bones\" in Cree), but was renamed to Regina (Latin for \"Queen\") in 1882 in honour of Queen Victoria. This decision was made by Queen Victoria's daughter Princess Louise, who was the wife of the Governor General of Canada, the Marquess of Lorne.Unlike other planned cities in the Canadian West, on its treeless flat plain Regina has few topographical features other than the small spring run-off, Wascana Creek. Early planners took advantage of such opportunity by damming the creek to create a decorative lake to the south of the central business district with a dam a block and a half west of the later elaborate 260-metre (850 ft) long Albert Street Bridge across the new lake. Regina's importance was further secured when the new province of Saskatchewan designated the city its capital in 1906. Wascana Centre, created around the focal point of Wascana Lake, remains one of Regina's attractions and contains the Provincial Legislative Building, both campuses of the University of Regina, First Nations University of Canada, the Royal Saskatchewan Museum, the Regina Conservatory (in the original Regina College buildings), the Saskatchewan Science Centre, the MacKenzie Art Gallery and the Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts.\nResidential neighbourhoods include precincts beyond the historic city centre are historically or socially noteworthy neighbourhoods \u2013 namely Lakeview and The Crescents, both of which lie directly south of downtown. Immediately to the north of the central business district is the old warehouse district, increasingly the focus of shopping, nightclubs and residential development; as in other western cities of North America, the periphery contains shopping malls and big box stores.\nIn 1912, the Regina Cyclone destroyed much of the town; in the 1930s, the Regina Riot brought further attention and, in the midst of the 1930s drought and Great Depression, which hit the Canadian Prairies particularly hard with their economic focus on dry land grain farming. The CCF (now the NDP, a major left-wing political party in Canada), formulated its foundation Regina Manifesto of 1933 in Regina. In recent years, Saskatchewan's agricultural and mineral resources have come into new demand, and it has entered a new period of strong economic growth.", "Q49207": "The University of New Hampshire (UNH) is a public research university with its main campus in Durham, New Hampshire. It was founded and incorporated in 1866 as a land grant college in Hanover in connection with Dartmouth College, moved to Durham in 1893, and adopted its current name in 1923.\nThe university's Durham campus comprises six colleges. A seventh college, the University of New Hampshire at Manchester, occupies the university's campus in Manchester, the state's largest city. The University of New Hampshire School of Law is in Concord, the state's capital. The university is part of the University System of New Hampshire.\nAs of 2018, its combined campuses make UNH the largest state university system in the state of New Hampshire, with over 15,000 students. It is also the most expensive state-sponsored school in the United States for in-state students. The school is designated a land-, sea-, and space-grant institution. Its mascot is a wildcat; the university's colors are white and blue.", "Q1407612": "Harriet Hubbard Ayer (June 27, 1849, Chicago, Illinois \u2013 November 25, 1903, New York City) was an American cosmetics entrepreneur and journalist during the second half of the nineteenth century.", "Q342476": "\u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh (Hanoi: [\u0257\u0259w\u014b\u0361m\u02e8\u02e9 xaj\u014b\u031f\u02e7\u02e6], H\u00e1n t\u1ef1: \u540c\u6176, lit. \"collective celebration\"; 19 February 1864 \u2013 28 January 1889), born Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u01afng K\u1ef7 (\u962e\u798f\u81ba\u797a) or Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u01afng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng (\u962e\u798f\u81ba\u799f), also known as Ch\u00e1nh M\u00f4ng (\u6b63\u8499), was the ninth emperor of the Nguy\u1ec5n Dynasty of Vietnam. He reigned three years between 1885 and 1889. His royal temple name was C\u1ea3nh T\u00f4ng (\u666f\u5b97).", "Q175276": "The Kingdom of Le\u00f3n (UK: , US: ; Spanish: [le\u02c8on]; Astur-Leonese: Reinu de Ll\u00ef\u00f3n; Spanish: Reino de Le\u00f3n; Galician: Reino de Le\u00f3n; Portuguese: Reino de Le\u00e3o; Latin: Regnum Legionense) was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded in AD 910 when the Christian princes of Asturias along the northern coast of the peninsula shifted their capital from Oviedo to the city of Le\u00f3n. The Kings of Le\u00f3n fought civil wars, wars against neighbouring kingdoms as well as campaigns to repel invasions by both the Moors and the Vikings, to protect their kingdom's changing fortunes.\nGarc\u00eda is the first of the kings described by the charters as reigning in Le\u00f3n. It is generally assumed that the old Asturian kingdom was divided between the three sons of Alfonso III of Asturias: Garc\u00eda (Le\u00f3n), Ordo\u00f1o (Galicia) and Fruela (Asturias), as all three participated in the deposition of their father. When Garc\u00eda died in 913, Le\u00f3n went to Ordo\u00f1o, who now ruled both Le\u00f3n and Galicia as Ordo\u00f1o II. At Ordo\u00f1o's death in 924, the throne went to his brother Fruela II (924\u20135), who died of leprosy a year later. Fruela's death in 925 was followed by a civil war, after which Alfonso, the eldest son of Ordo\u00f1o II, emerged as the new king Alfonso IV, ruling from 925\u2013932. After a further power struggle, Ramiro, the younger brother of Alfonso IV, became king in 932, having captured his brother Alfonso, as well as the three sons of Fruela II \u2013 Alfonso, Ordo\u00f1o and Ramiro. Alfonso IV may have died soon after, but he left two infant sons, called Ordo\u00f1o and Fruela. When Ramiro died in 951, he left two sons by two different wives. When the elder son Ordo\u0148o III, who ruled from 951\u201356, suddenly died aged little more than thirty, he was succeeded by his younger half-brother Sancho I \"The Fat\" (956\u201366), as Ordo\u00f1o had failed to produce a legitimate heir. \nSancho's son Ramiro had been born in 961 and was only about five years old when his father died. He was also the only legitimate member of the direct family line. His mother Teresa Ans\u00farez had retired into the recently founded monastery of San Pelayo, of which her sister-in-law Elvira was the abbess. Another nun, Sancho's full sister Elvira Ram\u00edrez emerged as regent during his long minority. Under the regency of Elvira, fresh raids of the Northmen were repelled from the coast of Galicia. In 968, Gunrod of Norway, the Viking leader, established himself on Galician soil and held out for a year and a half: Bishop Sisnando of Compostela died fighting him, and his successor St Rudesind carried on the struggle until Count Gonzalo S\u00e1nchez defeated the invaders and killed Gunrod himself. Count S\u00e1nchez destroyed the entire fleet of Gunrod. In 1008 Norman Vikings attacked Galicia, destroying Santiago de Compostela and seventeen other towns, while Olaf Haraldsson of Norway raided Spain's Atlantic coast. There are also reports of a series of attacks on the Christian lands of north Spain in 1028, 1032, and 1038, and the Christian kingdoms in the north commonly used Vikings as mercenaries in their internecine wars.The County of Castile separated in 931, the County of Portugal separated to become the independent Kingdom of Portugal in 1139 and the eastern, inland part of Le\u00f3n was joined to the Kingdom of Castile in 1230. From 1296 to 1301, the Kingdom of Le\u00f3n was again independent and after the re-union with Castile remained a Crown until 1833, but as part of a united Spain from 1479. In the Royal Decree of 30 November 1833, the Kingdom of Le\u00f3n was considered one of the Spanish regions and divided into the provinces of Le\u00f3n, Zamora and Salamanca. In 1978, these three provinces of the region of Le\u00f3n were included along with six provinces of the historic region of Old Castile to create the autonomous community of Castile and Le\u00f3n. However, significant parts of the former kingdom today integrate these three provinces and the autonomous communities of Extremadura, Galicia and Asturias, in Spain, in addition to northern Portugal.", "Q284237": "Lola Glaudini (born November 24, 1971) is an American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Elle Greenaway on CBS's Criminal Minds, and for her role as Deborah Ciccerone-Waldrup on HBO's The Sopranos.", "Q332191": "Ferm\u00edn Caballero y Morg\u00e1ez (July 7, 1800 \u2013 June 17, 1876) was a Spanish geographer, journalist, writer, and liberal politician.", "Q838508": "Emilio Estefan G\u00f3mez (born March 4, 1953) is a Cuban-American musician and producer. Estefan has won 19 Grammy Awards. He first came to prominence as a member of the Miami Sound Machine. He is the husband of singer Gloria Estefan, father of son Nayib Estefan and daughter Emily Estefan, and the uncle of Spanish-language television personality Lili Estefan.", "Q3504210": "Michaela von Habsburg (Michaela Maria Madeleine Kiliana Habsburg-Lothringen) was born 13 September 1954, in W\u00fcrzburg. She is the twin sister of Monika von Habsburg, and daughter of Otto von Habsburg and Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen.", "Q17221892": "The Strange Library (\u3075\u3057\u304e\u306a\u56f3\u66f8\u9928 fushigi na toshokan) is a novella for children by Japanese author Haruki Murakami (\u6751\u4e0a\u6625\u6a39 Murakami Haruki). A version first appeared in 1983. There are several picture books based on this short story, the most recent versions of which were published in 2014.", "Q138376": "John Ellis Martineau (December 2, 1873 \u2013 March 6, 1937) was the 28th Governor of Arkansas and was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas. His term as Governor was marked by the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, with Martineau serving as President of the Tri-State Flood Commission.", "Q223936": "The Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia; French: Royaume d'Italie) was a kingdom in Northern Italy (formerly the Italian Republic) in personal union with France under Napoleon I. It was fully influenced by revolutionary France and ended with Napoleon's defeat and fall. Its governance was conducted by Napoleon and his step-son and viceroy Eug\u00e8ne de Beauharnais. It covered the modern provinces of Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trentino, South Tyrol, and Marche. Napoleon I also ruled the rest of northern and central Italy in the form of Aosta, Piedmont, Liguria, Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, but directly as part of the French Empire, rather than as part of a client state.", "Q65935": "Walter Blume (10 January 1896 \u2013 27 May 1964) was a German fighter ace of World War I. During World War I, he flew with Jastas 26 and 9, gaining 28 aerial victories and earning the Iron Cross and the Pour le Merite.Post World War I he became a prominent aircraft designer for both Albatros and Arado, being one of the pioneers of jet propulsion design in airplanes.\n\n", "Q441456": "Sabina Berman Goldberg (born August 21, 1955 in Mexico City) is a writer and journalist. Her work deals mainly with issues related to diversity and its obstacles. She is a four-time winner of the National Playwriting Award in Mexico (Premio Nacional de Dramaturgia Juan Ruiz Alarc\u00f3n) and has twice won the National Journalism Award (Premio Nacional de Periodismo). Her plays have been staged in Canada, North America, Latin America, and Europe. Her novel, Me (La mujer que buce\u00f3 en el coraz\u00f3n del mundo) has been translated into 11 languages and published in over 33 countries, including Spain, France, the United States, England, and Israel.", "Q969753": "Luis Alberto F\u00e9lix S\u00e1nchez S\u00e1nchez (October 12, 1900 \u2013 February 6, 1994) was a Peruvian lawyer, jurist, philosopher, historian, writer and politician. A historic member of the Peruvian Aprista Party, he became a Senator and member of two Constitutional Assemblies, in which the second one (1978\u20131980), he occupied the Vice-Presidency of the Assembly and the Presidency of the Constitution Committee. During the Presidency of Alan Garc\u00eda (1985\u20131990), he was his Vice President and was appointed for a short period as Prime Minister of Peru. In Congress he served as President of the Senate two occasions (1966\u20131967 and 1985\u20131986).The figure of Luis Alberto Sanchez, who was born at Lima in 1900, covers most of the century. He was three times Provost of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Together with Ra\u00fal Porras Barrenechea and Jorge Guillermo Leguia, he was one of the leading figures of the Conversation University founded in 1919 with the participation, among others, of Victor Raul Haya de la Torre, Jorge Basadre, Carlos Paz Soldan Moreyra, Ricardo Garcia and Jose Luis Vegas Llosa Belaunde.\nAmong his literary works and news articles we have a large amount from Garcilaso Inca de la Vega, first Creole (1939), Aladdin or life and work of Jose Santos Chocano (1960), process and content of the Latin American novel (1968), comparative History of American literature (1973\u20131976), to Indianism and Indigenism in Peruvian literature (1981).\nBut his main work and the dearest was dedicated to Manuel Gonz\u00e1lez Prada, which took shape with titles like 'Don Manuel' (1930), 'Myth and Reality of Gonzalez Prada' (1976), 'Our lives are the rivers ... History and legend of Gonz\u00e1lez Prada' (1977) and a substantial variety of editions of the work of Gonz\u00e1lez Prada. As a politician, was a prominent figure of the Peruvian Aprista Party and scored the second most votes, after Victor Raul Haya de la Torre, during the general elections to constitute the Constituent Assembly in 1979. At the end of his life, in 1990 he was elected Senator and served until the closing of Congress by the 1992 self-coup of Alberto Fujimori. He died in 1994 in Lima, dedicating his last days to writing.\nHe taught at the Deutsche Schule Lima Alexander von Humboldt.", "Q107186": "G\u00fcnter Ollenschl\u00e4ger (born 3 March 1951 in Bonn) is a German physician, medical editor, and professor of internal medicine and clinical decision making at the University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine. \n\n", "Q911830": "The University of Michigan Law School (Michigan Law) is the law school of the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor. Founded in 1859, the school offers Juris Doctor (JD), Master of Laws (LLM), and Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD) degree programs.\nMichigan Law School consistently ranks among the highest-rated law schools in the United States and the world. In the 2020 U.S. News ranking, Michigan Law is ranked 9th overall. Notable alumni include U.S. Supreme Court Justices Frank Murphy, William Rufus Day, and George Sutherland, as well as a number of heads of state and corporate executives. Approximately 89% of class of 2018 graduates were employed within ten months of graduation; its bar passage rate in 2017 was 92.5%.Michigan Law has placed 41 of its alumni on United States Circuit Courts, over 100 of its graduates on federal trial courts, and 36 of its graduates on the Michigan Supreme Court, including 16 who served as Chief Justice. More than 170 Michigan law graduates have served in the United States Congress, including 20 United States Senators and more than 150 Congressional representatives. Additionally, numerous graduates have served as state legislators.\nThe school has an enrollment of about 920 as well as 81 full-time faculty members (60 tenured and tenure-track and 21 in clinical and legal practice).", "Q12565": "The Universal Esperanto Association (Esperanto: Universala Esperanto-Asocio, UEA), also known as the World Esperanto Association, is the largest international organization of Esperanto speakers, with 5501 individual members in 121 countries and 9215 through national associations (in 2015) and in official relations with the United Nations. In addition to individual members, 70 national Esperanto organizations are affiliated with UEA. Its current president is the professor Duncan Charters. The magazine Esperanto is the main organ used by UEA to inform its members about everything happening in the Esperanto community.\nThe UEA was founded in 1908 by the Swiss journalist Hector Hodler and others and is now headquartered in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The organization has an office at the United Nations building in New York City.", "Q896793": "Bradley Frank Gillis (born 15 June 1957) is a guitarist most famous for playing with the band Night Ranger. He was in the band Rubicon during the 1970s before Night Ranger. Since forming in 1979, Gillis and drummer Kelly Keagy are the only members to have appeared in every incarnation of the band and all studio releases. However, since Keagy missed several shows for the first time in 2017, Gillis is the only Night Ranger member to have appeared at every live performance in the band's history. He has also played for Ozzy Osbourne and Fiona, and has released solo albums. Gillis\u2019s musical side projects include placing over 300 songs for ESPN\u2019s Sports Center, The X Games, Fox Sports, Tiger Woods Sony PlayStation Games, EA Sports, The Fuse Channel and many others. He has appeared in over a dozen music videos, with TV performances on American Bandstand, Solid Gold, Rock & Roll Tonight and thousands of live concerts. He also participated in the one-time collaboration, Hear 'n Aid, for the promotional single, \"Stars,\" which helped raise $1 million for famine relief in Africa. He was one of several lead guitarists to contribute guitar solos for the cause, including Vivian Campbell, Buck Dharma, and Neal Schon. His first solo album Gilrock Ranch produced a top twenty single, \u201cHonest to God,\u201d which was co-written and sung by Gregg Allman.", "Q126148": "Tangier ( tan-JEER(Z); Arabic: \u0637\u0646\u062c\u0629\u200e, Berber languages: \u2d5f\u2d30\u2d4f\u2d4a\u2d30, romanized: \u1e6canja, Spanish: T\u00e1nger) is a city in northwestern Morocco. It is on the Maghreb coast at the western entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Spartel. The town is the capital of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region, as well as the Tangier-Assilah prefecture of Morocco.\nMany civilisations and cultures have influenced the history of Tangier, starting from before the 10th century BCE. Between the period of being a strategic Berber town and then a Phoenician trading centre to the independence era around the 1950s, Tangier was a nexus for many cultures. In 1923, it was considered as having international status by foreign colonial powers and became a destination for many European and American diplomats, spies, writers and businessmen.\nThe city is currently undergoing rapid development and modernisation. Projects include new tourism projects along the bay, a modern business district called Tangier City Centre, a new airport terminal, and a new football stadium. Tangier's economy is also set to benefit greatly from the new Tanger-Med port.", "Q96665": "Adam Wilhelm Siegmund G\u00fcnther (6 February 1848 \u2013 3 February 1923) was a German geographer, mathematician, historian of mathematics and natural scientist.", "Q100831": "Friedrich Noack, who wrote under the pseudonym F. Idus, (20 April 1858, Gie\u00dfen \u2013 1 February 1930, Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German cultural historian and author, who wrote several articles for the K\u00fcnstlerlexikon (arts dictionary) Thieme-Becker.\nIn 1886, he translated Sebastian Brant's \"Narrenschiff\" and published it with his own illustrations.\nFor his work on the Germans in Rome in the 18th century, he devised a comprehensive archive of notes. On 18,000 slips of paper, it contains over 11,000 entries on artists active in Rome and their clients, usually in Gabelsberger shorthand, but also in newspaper cuttings and archive statements. Today the material is stored in the archive of the Bibliotheca Hertziana in Rome and is accessible online.", "Q763897": "David Cyril Eric Swarbrick (5 April 1941 \u2013 3 June 2016) was an English folk musician and singer-songwriter. He has been described by Ashley Hutchings as \"the most influential [British] fiddle player bar none\" and his style has been copied or developed by almost every British and many world folk violin players who have followed him. He was one of the most highly regarded musicians produced by the second British folk revival, contributing to some of the most important groups and projects of the 1960s, and he became a much sought-after session musician, which led him throughout his career to work with many of the major figures in folk and folk rock music.A member of Fairport Convention from 1969, he is credited with assisting them to produce their seminal album Liege & Lief (1969) which initiated the British folk rock movement. This, and his subsequent career, helped create greater interest in British traditional music and was highly influential within mainstream rock. After 1970 he emerged as Fairport Convention's leading figure and guided the band through a series of important albums until its disbandment in 1979.\nHe also played in a series of smaller, acoustic units and engaged in solo projects. He maintained a massive output of recordings and a significant profile and made a major contribution to the interpretation of traditional British music.", "Q224081": "Antonino Giovanni Ribisi (Italian pronunciation: [anto\u02c8ni\u02d0no d\u0292o\u02c8vanni ri\u02c8bi\u02d0zi]; born December 17, 1974) is an American film and television actor known for his roles in the TV series Sneaky Pete, and the films Saving Private Ryan, Avatar, A Million Ways to Die in the West and Ted. He also had recurring roles in The Wonder Years, My Name Is Earl and Friends.", "Q606969": "Scott Stapp (born Anthony Scott Flippen, August 8, 1973) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician. Stapp is best known as the lead vocalist and lyricist of the rock band Creed. He has also fronted the band Art of Anarchy and has released three solo albums: The Great Divide (2005), Proof of Life (2013), and The Space Between the Shadows (2019).\nStapp has received several accolades, including numerous RIAA certifications. Stapp and Creed bandmate Mark Tremonti won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Song in 2001 as the writers of the Creed song \"With Arms Wide Open\". In 2006, Hit Parader ranked Stapp as the 68th-greatest heavy metal vocalist.", "Q86310": "E. S. Engelsberg (23 January 1825, Engelsberg (now Engelsberg in Schlesien, in the Brunt\u00e1l District), Austrian Silesia - 27 May 1879, Deutsch Ja\u00dfnik (Jesen\u00edk nad Odrou) was a Silesian-Austrian composer.\nEduard Sch\u00f6n used the pseudonym Engelsberg or ES Engelsberg after the village he was born. Sch\u00f6n studied at the Faculty of Philosophy of University of Olomouc and then law at the University of Vienna, finishing in 1850. Later, he worked as a section leader at Ministry of Finance and as general secretary of Stock Exchange in Vienna.", "Q170468": "The United Arab Republic (UAR; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u200e al-Jumh\u016br\u012byah al-'Arab\u012byah al-Mutta\u1e25idah) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 to 1971. It was initially a political union between Egypt (including the occupied Gaza Strip) and Syria from 1958 until Syria seceded from the union after the 1961 Syrian coup d'\u00e9tat, leaving a rump state. Egypt continued to be known officially as the United Arab Republic until 1971.\nThe republic was led by President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser. The UAR was a member of the United Arab States, a loose confederation with the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, which was dissolved in 1961.", "Q52627": "Robert Bruce Mathias (November 17, 1930 \u2013 September 2, 2006) was an American decathlete, two-time Olympic gold medalist in the event, a United States Marine Corps officer, actor and United States Congressman representing the state of California.", "Q299266": "Ryan John Seacrest (born December 24, 1974) is an American radio personality, television host and producer. He is known for hosting the competition show American Idol, the syndicated countdown program American Top 40, and iHeartMedia's KIIS-FM morning radio show On Air with Ryan Seacrest.In 2006 Seacrest became co-host and executive producer of Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve. Seacrest remained a co-host and executive producer of the annual show following Clark's death in 2012.He began co-hosting Live with Kelly and Ryan on a permanent basis May 1, 2017.Seacrest received Emmy Award nominations for American Idol from 2004 to 2013, and again in 2016. He won an Emmy for producing Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution in 2010 and was nominated again in 2012. In 2018, Seacrest received nominations for Live with Kelly and Ryan in Outstanding Talk Show Entertainment as well as Outstanding Entertainment Talk Show Host.", "Q167114": "Silas Garber (September 21, 1833 \u2013 January 12, 1905) was the founder of Red Cloud, Nebraska and was also Nebraska's third Governor.\nGarber was born in Logan County, Ohio. He moved to Clayton County, Iowa when he was seventeen and started farming. He was married to Rosella Dana, and then to Lyra C. Wheeler.", "Q242462": "Virginia Bruce (born Helen Virginia Briggs; September 29, 1909 \u2013 February 24, 1982) was an American actress and singer.", "Q392441": "Girl with a Pearl Earring is a 2003 drama film directed by Peter Webber. The screenplay was adapted by screenwriter Olivia Hetreed, based on the 1999 novel of the same name by Tracy Chevalier. Scarlett Johansson stars as Griet, a young 17th-century servant in the household of the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer (played by Colin Firth) at the time he painted Girl with a Pearl Earring (1665) in the city of Delft in Holland. Other cast members include Tom Wilkinson, Cillian Murphy, and Judy Parfitt.\nHetreed read the novel before its publication, and her husband's production company convinced Chevalier to sell the film rights. Initially, the production was to feature Kate Hudson as Griet with Mike Newell directing. Hudson withdrew shortly before filming began, however, and the film was placed in hiatus until the hire of Webber, who re-initiated the casting process.\nIn his feature film debut, Webber sought to avoid employing traditional characteristics of the period film drama. In a 2003 interview with IGN, he said, \"What I was scared of is ending up with something that was like Masterpiece Theatre, [that] very polite Sunday evening BBC kind of thing, and I [was] determined to make something quite different from that...\" Cinematographer Eduardo Serra used distinctive lighting and colour schemes similar to Vermeer's paintings.\nReleased on 12 December 2003 in North America and on 16 January 2004 in the United Kingdom, Girl with a Pearl Earring earned a worldwide gross of $31.4 million. It garnered a mostly positive critical reception, with critics generally applauding the film's visuals and performances while questioning elements of its story. The film was subsequently nominated for ten British Academy Film Awards, three Academy Awards, and two Golden Globe Awards.", "Q289075": "Belinda Lee (15 June 1935 \u2013 12 March 1961) was an English actress.\nA profile for the British Film Institute said, \"of all the Rank Organisation's starlets, Belinda Lee stands out as the most notorious, yet paradoxically anonymous, British actress of the 1950s.\"\nOften cast in demure roles in her early career, she was able to demonstrate her dramatic abilities, but she found more constant employment when she began to play \"sexpot\" roles. Typecast as one of several \"sexy blondes\", she was often compared, unfavourably, to the popular Diana Dors. Typical of these roles was a supporting part in the Benny Hill film Who Done It? (1956).", "Q939602": "Corsicana is a city in Navarro County, Texas, United States. It is located on Interstate 45, some 58 mi (89 km) south of downtown Dallas. The population was 23,770 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Navarro County.", "Q1560845": "Samuel P\u00e9rez Qui\u00f1ones C. A., DMA, Applied Music (Piano), University of Michigan is a Puerto Rican pianist with a doctorate degree in Music Arts. He is a faculty member of the Music Department of the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus. Perez has vast experience traveling through Europe and the United States, exposing his intense talent on the wooden instrument.\nIn 2003 he conducted a series of six concerts in Germany and Austria where he had tremendous appraisal at the piano concerto in Himmelkron Castle in Bayreuth. In Austria he was soloist for the St. Oswald-Moderbrugg band and also interpreted pieces by Mozart, Alb\u00e9niz, Liszt and Rachmaninoff.", "Q984383": "Matti Paasivuori (May 6, 1866, Ilmajoki - June 16, 1937 in Helsinki) was a Finnish politician from the Social Democratic Party. Paasivuori was the Chairman of the Social Democratic Party on three occasions: 1909\u20131911, 1913\u20131917 and 1926\u20131930.\nPaasivuori worked as a carpenter and participated early in the labor movement. He was a pioneer in the labor movement as a leader of the Finnish Trade Union Federation and affected its ideological and political development. Since 1907 he was Member of the Finnish Parliament (Eduskunta) and participated in the development of occupational safety legislation. He was moderate in his political orientation and gained respect in both ends of the political spectrum. In 1917 he was Deputy Head of Trade and Industry in Oskari Tokoi's Senate, which was the first government in the world led by a Social Democrat. Paasivuori did not take part in the Finnish Civil War of 1918 and after the defeat of the red troops he was for a half year the only representative from the political left who was allowed to participate in the parliament. Paasivuori was the minister of social affairs in the minority government of V\u00e4in\u00f6 Tanner from 1926 to 1927. \nPaasivuori is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki. Paasivuorenkatu Street in central Helsinki (in Hakaniemi) is named after him.", "Q429098": "Cairo is a 1942 musical comedy film made by MGM and Loew's, and directed by W. S. Van Dyke. The screenplay was written by John McClain, based on an idea by Ladislas Fodor about a news reporter shipwrecked in a torpedo attack, who teams up with a Hollywood singer and her maid to foil Nazi spies. The music score is by Herbert Stothart. This film was Jeanette MacDonald's last film on her MGM contract.The film was poorly received upon its initial release.", "Q96103": "Mark Waschke (born 10 March 1972 in Wattenscheid) is a German theatre actor, who has been appearing in German films since 2005.", "Q127530": "Miami International Airport (IATA: MIA, ICAO: KMIA, FAA LID: MIA), also known as MIA and historically as Wilcox Field, is the primary airport serving the Miami area, Florida, United States, with over 1,000 daily flights to 167 domestic and international destinations, and one of three airports serving this area. The airport is in an unincorporated area in Miami-Dade County, 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Downtown Miami, in metropolitan Miami, adjacent to the cities of Miami and Miami Springs, and the village of Virginia Gardens. Nearby are the cities of Hialeah and Doral, and the Census-designated place of Fontainebleau.\nIt is South Florida's main airport for long-haul international flights and a hub for the Southeastern United States, with passenger and cargo flights to cities throughout the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Western Asia, as well as cargo flights to East Asia. It is the largest gateway between the United States and south to Latin America, and is one of the largest airline hubs in the United States, owing to its proximity to tourist attractions, local economic growth, large local Latin American and European populations, and strategic location to handle connecting traffic between North America, Latin America, and Europe.\nIn 2018, 45,044,312 passengers traveled through the airport, making it the 13th busiest airport in the United States and 40th busiest in the world by total passenger traffic. In 2019, MIA served 45,924,466 passengers, a passenger record for the airport. It is the 3rd busiest airport in the United States by international passenger traffic. MIA is Florida's busiest airport by total aircraft operations and total cargo traffic and its second busiest by total passenger traffic after Orlando International Airport.The airport is American Airlines' third largest hub and serves as its primary gateway to Latin America. Miami also serves as a focus city for Avianca, Frontier Airlines, and LATAM, both for passengers and cargo operations. In the past, it has been a hub for Braniff International Airways, Eastern Air Lines, Air Florida, the original National Airlines, the original Pan American World Airways (\"Pan Am\"), United Airlines, Iberia Airlines and Fine Air.\n\n", "Q74186": "Godelieve Quisthoudt-Rowohl is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1989 until 2019. She is a member of the Christian Democratic Union in Lower Saxony, which is a part of the European People's Party. She most recently served as the European People's Party's coordinator of the International Trade Committee (INTA), chairwoman of the UK Monitoring Group of INTA, vice-coordinator of the Committee on Human Rights (DROI) and vice-chairwoman of the Delegation for relations with Canada.", "Q116935": "Edmond Davall (Orbe, 1793 - Lausanne, 1860) was a Swiss botanist and politician.\nHe was son of the English-Swiss botanist Edmund Davall.", "Q378098": "William Frank Buckley Jr. (born William Francis Buckley; November 24, 1925 \u2013 February 27, 2008) was an American public intellectual and conservative author and commentator. In 1955 Buckley founded National Review, a magazine that stimulated the conservative movement in the late-20th century United States. Buckley hosted 1,429 episodes of the public affairs television show Firing Line (1966\u20131999), the longest-running public affairs show in US television history with a single host, where he became known for his distinctive Transatlantic idiolect and wide vocabulary.Buckley wrote God and Man at Yale (1951) and more than fifty other books on diverse topics, including writing, speaking, history, politics, and sailing. His works include a series of novels featuring fictitious CIA agent Blackford Oakes. He also penned a nationally syndicated newspaper column.Buckley called himself either a libertarian or a conservative. George H. Nash, a historian of the modern American conservative movement, said in 2008 that Buckley was \"arguably the most important public intellectual in the United States in the past half century. For an entire generation, he was the preeminent voice of American conservatism and its first great ecumenical figure.\" Buckley's primary contribution to politics was a fusion of traditionalist conservatism and classical liberalism; it laid the groundwork for the rightward shift in the Republican Party exemplified by Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan.", "Q350714": "Frederick Joseph Ward (born December 30, 1942) is an American actor and producer. Starting with a role in an Italian television film in 1973, Ward has had a long and diverse career, including such films as Southern Comfort, The Right Stuff, Remo Williams, Tremors, Henry & June, The Player and Short Cuts.\n\n", "Q1839361": "Mark Kramer (born Stephen Michael Bonner, 1958 in New York City, United States) known professionally as Kramer, is a musician, composer, record producer and founder of the New York City record label Shimmy-Disc. He was a full-time member of the bands New York Gong, Shockabilly, Bongwater and Dogbowl & Kramer, has played on tour (usually on bass guitar) with bands such as Butthole Surfers, B.A.L.L., Ween, Half Japanese and The Fugs (1984 reunion tour), and has also performed regularly with John Zorn and other improvising musicians of New York City's so-called \"downtown scene\" of the 1980s.\nKramer's most notable work as a producer has been with bands such as Galaxie 500 (whose entire oeuvre he produced), Low (whom he discovered and produced), Half Japanese, White Zombie, GWAR, King Missile, Danielson Famile, Will Oldham, Daniel Johnston, and Urge Overkill, including their hit cover of \"Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon\".", "Q595175": "La Palma is a city in Orange County, California, United States. The population was 15,568 at the 2010 Census, up from 15,408 at the 2000 census.In 2013, La Palma was ranked 31st in the \"Best places to live\" among small cities (50,000 or less) in the United States by CNN's Money magazine. In 2007, it was ranked 16th best place to live in the US. The rankings are based on the small-and-friendly neighborhood vibe, high-ranking schools, low crime-rate and the lowest police response time in Orange County.", "Q19356": "Pinocchio is a 2002 Italian fantasy comedy-drama film directed by and starring Roberto Benigni. It is based on The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi, with Benigni portraying Pinocchio. Filming took place in Italy and Kalkara, Malta. It was dedicated to costume and production designer Danilo Donati, who died on 1 December 2001.\nThe film was released in Italy on 11 October 2002 by Medusa Distribuzione, which was met with mixed reviews. It received an English-language dub in the United States in December 2002, released by Miramax; this version was critically panned. Pinocchio was selected as the Italian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 75th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.\n\n", "Q76949": "Rafik Schami (Arabic: \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u200e) (born Suheil Fadel (\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644) June 1946) is a Syrian-German author, storyteller and critic.\n\n", "Q380045": "Alain Bashung (French: [al\u025b\u0303 ba\u0283u\u014b]; born Alain Baschung 1 December 1947 \u2013 14 March 2009) was a French singer, songwriter and actor. Credited with reviving the French chanson in \u201ca time of French musical turmoil\u201d, he is often regarded in his home country as the most important French rock musician after Serge Gainsbourg. He rose to prominence in the early 1980s with hit songs such as \"Gaby oh Gaby\" and \"Vertige de l'amour\", and later had a string of hit records from the 1990s onward, such as \"Osez Jos\u00e9phine\", \"Ma petite entreprise\" and \"La nuit je mens\". He has had an influence on many later French artists, and is the most awarded artist in the Victoires de la Musique history with 12 victoires obtained throughout his career.\nBashung\u2019s Play blessures (1982), Osez Jos\u00e9phine (1991), and Fantaisie militaire (1998) have made multiple French lists of the greatest albums. L'Imprudence (2002) and Bleu p\u00e9trole (2008), the last two studio albums released during his lifetime, also garnered acclaim. Bashung died at 61 after a two-year fight with lung cancer.", "Q1359247": "Torhi Harper, better known by his stage name Murphy Lee, is an American rapper, best known as a member of the hip hop group St. Lunatics. Lee is also the chief executive of his own label, U C Me Entertainment.", "Q113695": "Leopoldine Konstantin (12 March 1886, in Br\u00fcnn, Moravia, Austria-Hungary \u2013 14 December 1965, in Hietzing, Vienna, Austria) was an Austrian actress. She took acting lessons with Alexander Strakosch, whom she married shortly afterwards, and made her debut in the Deutsches Theater in Berlin in 1907. She played in Frank Wedekind's Spring Awakening (1907), Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (1907), A Winter's Tale (1908), and A Midsummer Night's Dream (1910).\nFrom 1911 she was to be found at the Kammerspielen in Berlin and became known in the Berlin salons. She moved to Vienna in 1916 and by 1924 she was playing the title role in Friedrich Schiller's Mary Stuart.\nStarting in 1912 she also played in silent films, initially in title roles. She turned away from this medium when, after the First World War, she was offered increasingly minor parts. In 1923 she had a house built in Westerland for herself and her son Alexander. In 1924 she married Hungarian counsellor and author G\u00e9za Herczeg.\nFrom 1933 she returned to film work, and in 1935 she returned to Austria. Divorced in 1938, she moved to the United States via Britain. She spoke no English at that time, and had to take a job as a factory worker until, after intensive language study, she landed a supporting role in Alfred Hitchcock's 1946 film Notorious, in which she played Claude Rains' mother, although she was only three years older than him.\nShe performed in two television series in 1948 and returned to Vienna. Her last acting work involved sporadic theatre roles and poetry readings on the radio.", "Q884": "South Korea (Korean: \ud55c\uad6d/\u97d3\u570b; RR: Hanguk or literally \ub0a8\ud55c/\u5357\u97d3; RR: Namhan), officially the Republic of Korea (ROK, Korean: \ub300\ud55c\ubbfc\uad6d/\u5927\u97d3\u6c11\u570b; RR: Daehan Minguk) is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea.\nThe name Korea is derived from Goguryeo, which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time, ruling most of the Korean Peninsula, Manchuria, parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great. Its capital, Seoul, is a major global city and half of South Korea's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area, the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world.The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century, Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392) and the Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131897). The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910. After World War II, Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones, with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948. In 1950, a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953, the country's economy began to soar, recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990. The June Struggle led to the end of authoritarian rule in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia. It has the 10th highest social mobility in the world, with 17% of children born to parents in the bottom half of educational attainment ending up in the top quarter. South Korea is a member of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee, the G20 and the Paris Club.\nSouth Korea is a highly developed country and the world's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP. Its citizens enjoy the world's fastest Internet connection speeds and the most dense high-speed railway network. It was named the second best country in the world to raise kids in the 2020 UN Child Flourishing Index, with the best chance at survival, thriving and well-being due to good healthcare, education and nutrition. The world's 5th largest exporter and 8th largest importer, South Korea is a global leader in many technology and innovation driven fields. Since 2014, South Korea has been named the world's most innovative country by the Bloomberg Innovation Index for 6 consecutive years. Since the 21st century, South Korea has been renowned for its globally influential pop culture such as K-pop, TV dramas and cinema, a phenomenon referred to as the Korean Wave.", "Q76791": "Baron Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen FRSFor HFRSE BGS (5 May 1833 \u2013 6 October 1905), better known in English as Baron von Richthofen, was a German traveller, geographer, and scientist. He is noted for coining the terms \"Seidenstra\u00dfe\" and \"Seidenstra\u00dfen\" = \"Silk Road(s)\" or \"Silk Route(s)\" in 1877. He also standardized the practices of chorography and chorology. He was an uncle of the World War I flying ace Manfred von Richthofen, best known as the \"Red Baron\".", "Q92365": "Gabriele Schnaut (born 24 February 1951) is a German classical singer who started her operatic career as a mezzo-soprano in 1976 and changed to dramatic soprano in 1985. She has appeared internationally and performed at the Bayreuth Festival from 1977 to 2000. She recorded works by composers of the 20th century and appeared in the premieres of operas by Wolfgang Rihm and J\u00f6rg Widmann.", "Q66582": "Ringgenberg (sometimes also written as Ringgenberg BE in order to distinguish it from other \"Ringgenbergs\") is a village and a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Besides the village of Ringgenberg, the municipality also includes the village of Goldswil.\nRinggenberg is located on the northern shores of Lake Brienz. It has a small church that was built on the ruins of a castle in the 17th century.\nRinggenberg and Goldswil belong to the Small Agglomeration Interlaken with 23,300 inhabitants (2014).", "Q85619": "Leopold M\u00fcller (born 9 January 1908 in Salzburg, died 1 August 1988 in Salzburg) was a geologist, one of the pioneers of rock mechanics and one of the main contributors to the development of the New Austrian Tunnelling method.", "Q123742": "Cloverfield is a 2008 American monster film directed by Matt Reeves, produced by J.J. Abrams, and written by Drew Goddard. The film stars Michael Stahl-David, Odette Yustman, T.J. Miller, Jessica Lucas, Lizzy Caplan, and Mike Vogel. The film uses a found footage motif to follow five young New York City residents fleeing from a massive monster and various other smaller creatures that attack the city while they are having a farewell party.\nDevelopment began when producer J. J. Abrams started conceptualizing a new monster and enlisted Neville Page to design the creature, referred to as Clover. In February 2007, the project was secretly greenlit by Paramount Pictures and produced by Abrams' Bad Robot Productions. Principal photography took place in Los Angeles that same year. During production, the project went under several working titles, including Slusho, Cheese and Greyshot. As part of a viral marketing campaign, a teaser trailer was released ahead of screenings of Transformers without a title attached. The film's official title was revealed in a second teaser trailer attached to screenings of Beowulf. With limited details revealed about the film prior to release, it garnered online speculation, including forums and websites dedicated to uncovering any hidden information about the film. Several tie-ins, including a prequel manga series, were released as part of the film's marketing campaign.\nCloverfield was released on January 18, 2008, and received positive reviews from film critics. Many praised Reeves' direction and the film's cin\u00e9ma v\u00e9rit\u00e9 style narrative. It earned $170.8 million worldwide at the box office against a $25 million budget. The film served as the first installment of the Cloverfield franchise, followed by 10 Cloverfield Lane in 2016 and The Cloverfield Paradox in 2018.", "Q648": "Lille ( LEEL; French: [lil] (listen); Dutch: Rijsel [\u02c8r\u025bis\u0259l]; Picard: Lile; West Flemish: Rysel) is a city at the northern tip of France, in French Flanders. On the De\u00fble River, near France's border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France region, the prefecture of the Nord department, and the main city of the M\u00e9tropole Europ\u00e9enne de Lille.\nAs of 2015, Lille had a population of 232,741 within its administrative limits, and Lille is the first city of the M\u00e9tropole Europ\u00e9enne de Lille with a population of 1,182,127, making it the fourth largest urban area in France after Paris, Lyon and Marseille.", "Q1493073": "Nils Frahm (born 20 September 1982) is a German musician, composer, and record producer based in Berlin. He is known for combining classical and electronic music and for an unconventional approach to the piano in which he mixes a grand piano, upright piano, Roland Juno-60, Rhodes piano, drum machines, and Moog Taurus.\nIn addition to his solo work, Frahm has released collaborations with such notable performers as Anne M\u00fcller, \u00d3lafur Arnalds, F. S. Blumm and Woodkid. With Frederic Gmeiner and Sebastian Singwald he records and performs as Nonkeen.", "Q1063605": "Charles August Sulzer (February 24, 1879 \u2013 April 15, 1919) was a delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the Territory of Alaska.\nHe was born on February 24, 1879 in Roselle, New Jersey in Union County. He attended the public schools, Pingry School in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Berkeley Academy in New York City, and the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. During the Spanish\u2013American War, he served with the Fourth Regiment, New Jersey Volunteer Infantry. Charles Sulzer moved to Alaska in 1902 and engaged in mining.\nHe was a member of the Alaska Territorial Senate in 1914. He presented his credentials as a Democratic delegate-elect to the Sixty-fifth Congress and served from March 4, 1917 to January 7, 1919, when he was succeeded by James Wickersham, who had contested his election. He later presented his credentials as a Delegate-elect to the Sixty-sixth Congress and served from March 4, 1919 until his death on April 15, 1919, before the convening of Congress. According to published accounts on April 16, Sulzer took ill in Sulzer and died aboard a boat while en route to a hospital in Ketchikan. He was interred in Evergreen Cemetery in Hillside, New Jersey. His brother, William Sulzer, was also a congressman and a governor of New York.", "Q499029": "The Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP, Finnish: Suomen sosialidemokraattinen puolue, Swedish: Finlands socialdemokratiska parti), shortened to the Social Democrats and commonly known in Finnish as Demarit, is a social-democratic political party in Finland. The party is the largest party in Finland's parliament with 40 seats. The party has set many fundamental policies of Finnish society during its representation in the Finnish Government. Founded in 1899, the SDP is Finland's oldest active political party. The SDP has a close relationship with Finland's largest trade union confederation, SAK, and is a member of the Socialist International, the Party of European Socialists, and SAMAK.\nFollowing the resignation of Antti Rinne in December 2019, Sanna Marin became the country's 67th Prime Minister. SDP formed a new coalition government on the basis of its predecessor, in effect continuing cooperation with the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance, and the Swedish People's Party. Seven of the government's nineteen ministers are Social Democrats.", "Q2702296": "A video game producer is the person in charge of overseeing development of a video game.", "Q113681": "Israel Zangwill (21 January 1864 \u2013 1 August 1926) was a British author at the forefront of cultural Zionism during the 19th century, and was a close associate of Theodor Herzl. He later rejected the search for a Jewish homeland in Palestine and became the prime thinker behind the territorial movement.", "Q10400": "Almer\u00eda (UK: , also US: , Spanish: [alme\u02c8\u027ei.a]) is a city in Andalusia, Spain, located in the southeast of Spain on the Mediterranean Sea, and is the capital of the province of the same name. It was Abd-ar-Rahman III who founded the Alcazaba (the Citadel), which gave this city its name: al-Mariyyah (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629, \"the Watchtower\"). In the 10th and 11th centuries, it formed part of the Caliphate of C\u00f3rdoba, and grew wealthy on trade and the textile industry, especially silk. It suffered many sieges and fell under Christian domination in 1489. In 1522, Almer\u00eda was devastated by an earthquake and rebuilding and recovery did not really get underway until the 19th century. During the Spanish Civil War, the city was shelled by the German Navy, and fell to Franco in 1939. It has since rebuilt its economy around vegetable production, with 100,000 acres of greenhouses, supplying much of Europe.", "Q41129": "Germ\u00e1n Genaro Cipriano G\u00f3mez Vald\u00e9s de Castillo (19 September 1915 \u2013 29 June 1973), better known as Tin-Tan, was an actor, singer and comedian who was born in Mexico City but was raised and began his career in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua. He often displayed the pachuco dress and employed pachuco slang in many of his movies, some with his brothers Manuel \"El Loco\" Vald\u00e9s and Ram\u00f3n Vald\u00e9s. He made the language of the Mexican American pachucos famous in Mexico. A \"cal\u00f3\" based in Spanglish, it was a mixture of Spanish and English in speech based on that of Mexican immigrants.", "Q21805": "Sandra \u201cSandy\u201d Carter is an American business woman, speaker and author. She was a general manager at IBM from 2013 to 2016, and in April 2017 she became a vice president at Amazon Web Services.\n\n", "Q163366": "Ezra Weston Loomis Pound (30 October 1885 \u2013 1 November 1972) was an expatriate American poet and critic, a major figure in the early modernist poetry movement, and a fascist sympathizer. His contribution to poetry began with his development of Imagism, a movement derived from classical Chinese and Japanese poetry, stressing clarity, precision, concision, and economy of language. His works include Ripostes (1912), Hugh Selwyn Mauberley (1920) and the unfinished 120-section epic, The Cantos (1917\u20131969).\nPound worked in London during the early 20th century as foreign editor of several American literary magazines, and helped discover and shape the work of contemporaries such as T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, Robert Frost, and Ernest Hemingway. Angered by the carnage of World War I, Pound lost faith in Great Britain and blamed the war on usury and international capitalism. He moved to Italy in 1924 and throughout the 1930s and 1940s embraced Benito Mussolini's fascism, expressed support for Adolf Hitler, and wrote for publications owned by the British fascist Sir Oswald Mosley. During World War II, he was paid by the Italian government to make hundreds of radio broadcasts criticizing the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Jews, as a result of which he was arrested in 1945 by American forces in Italy on charges of treason. He spent months in detention in a U.S. military camp in Pisa, including three weeks in a 6-by-6-foot (1.8 by 1.8 m) outdoor steel cage, which he said triggered a mental breakdown: \"when the raft broke and the waters went over me\". The following year he was deemed unfit to stand trial, and incarcerated in St. Elizabeths psychiatric hospital in Washington, D.C., for over 12 years.Pound began work on sections of The Cantos while in custody in Italy. These parts were published as The Pisan Cantos (1948), for which he was awarded the Bollingen Prize in 1949 by the Library of Congress, leading to enormous controversy. Largely due to a campaign by his fellow writers, he was released from St. Elizabeths in 1958 and returned to live in Italy until his death. His political views ensure that his work remains as controversial now as it was during his lifetime; in 1933, Time magazine called him \"a cat that walks by himself, tenaciously unhousebroken and very unsafe for children\". Hemingway wrote: \"The best of Pound's writing\u2014and it is in the Cantos\u2014will last as long as there is any literature.\"", "Q92371": "Theodor Barth (16 July 1849, Duderstadt \u2013 3 June 1909, Baden-Baden) was a German liberal politician and publicist. He was a member of the Reichstag between 1881 and 1884, between 1885 and 1898, and between 1901 and 1903.", "Q173175": "Edmund Patrick Jordan, OBE (born 30 March 1948), also known as EJ, is an Irish former motorsport team boss, businessman and television personality. Born in Dublin, Jordan worked first at the Bank of Ireland. He won the Irish Kart Championship in 1971 and moved to Formula Ford in 1974. He was the founder and owner of Jordan Grand Prix, a Formula One constructor which operated from 1991 to 2005. He was the chief analyst for Formula One coverage on the BBC from 2009 to 2015 before joining Channel 4 after BBC pulled out in 2016. In February 2016, it was announced that Jordan would join Top Gear as a presenter.\n\n", "Q762223": "Alfred Joyce Kilmer (December 6, 1886 \u2013 July 30, 1918) was an American writer and poet mainly remembered for a short poem titled \"Trees\" (1913), which was published in the collection Trees and Other Poems in 1914. Though a prolific poet whose works celebrated the common beauty of the natural world as well as his Roman Catholic religious faith, Kilmer was also a journalist, literary critic, lecturer, and editor. At the time of his deployment to Europe during World War I, Kilmer was considered the leading American Roman Catholic poet and lecturer of his generation, whom critics often compared to British contemporaries G. K. Chesterton (1874\u20131936) and Hilaire Belloc (1870\u20131953). He enlisted in the New York National Guard and was deployed to France with the 69th Infantry Regiment (the famous \"Fighting 69th\") in 1917. He was killed by a sniper's bullet at the Second Battle of the Marne in 1918 at the age of 31. He was married to Aline Murray, also an accomplished poet and author, with whom he had five children.\nWhile most of his works are largely unknown today, a select few of his poems remain popular and are published frequently in anthologies. Several critics\u2014including both Kilmer's contemporaries and modern scholars\u2014have dismissed Kilmer's work as being too simple and overly sentimental, and suggested that his style was far too traditional, even archaic. Many writers, including notably Ogden Nash, have parodied Kilmer's work and style\u2014as attested by the many imitations of \"Trees\".", "Q724276": "James Stuart Blackton (January 5, 1875 \u2013 August 13, 1941) was a British-American film producer and director of the silent era. One of the pioneers of motion pictures, he founded Vitagraph Studios in 1897. He was one of the first filmmakers to use the techniques of stop-motion and drawn animation, is considered a father of American animation, and was the first to bring many classic plays and books to the screen. Blackton was also the commodore of the Motorboat Club of America and the Atlantic Yacht Club.", "Q723519": "Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0438\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u0447, Ukrainian: \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0438\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u0447,Serbian: N\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u041a\u0438\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0447\u0438\u045b, Mykola Ivanovych Kybalchych; 19 October 1853 \u2013 April 3, 1881) was a Russian revolutionary of Ukrainian-serbian origin who took part in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II as the main explosive expert for Narodnaya Volya (the People's Will), and was also a rocket pioneer. He was the paternal uncle of revolutionary Victor Serge.\n\n", "Q2021166": "The University of Natal was a university in Natal and later became KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The University of Natal no longer exists as a distinct legal entity, as it was incorporated into the University of KwaZulu-Natal on 1 January 2004. It was founded in 1910 as the Natal University College in Pietermaritzburg and expanded to include a campus in Durban in 1931. In 1947, the university opened a medical school for non-white students in Durban. The Pietermaritzburg campus was known for its agricultural engineering programmes, hence the nickname \"the farmers\" whilst the Durban campus was known as \"the engineers,\" as it concentrated on other engineering programmes.\nThe Council of the University of Natal voted on 31 May 2002 to offer the post of Vice-Chancellor and University Principal to world-renowned medical scientist and former Medical Research Council President - Professor Malegapuru Makgoba who assumed office on the 1 September 2002. He was entrusted with leading the University of Natal into the merger with the University of Durban-Westville. In so doing, he became the last Vice-Chancellor of the University of Natal. Professor Makgoba succeeded Professor Brenda Gourley as Vice-Chancellor.\nBrenda Gourley, a qualified chartered accountant, was the second last vice-chancellor of the University of Natal. Her appointment at the university in 1994 was an historical event in South Africa. She was the first woman in South Africa to be appointed as a vice-chancellor of a South African university.\nThe Maritime law programme based at the then Institute of Maritime Law at the University of Natal, which was pioneered under the headship of Professor Hilton Staniland, was one of the first Maritime law programmes of its kind in South Africa. The above institute was well known in South African Maritime circles. A number of South African statutes regulating the South African maritime industry were drafted by Professor Hilton Staniland at the above Institute, including the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1 of 1986 and the Wreck and Salvage Act 94 of 1996.\n\nThe main science block on the Howard College campus, completed in the early 1980s, was a pivotal location for biological research and game conservation for the province. The Howard College campus in Durban was strung out along the Berea, a ridge to the north of the Durban city centre.\nUnder apartheid, the Howard College Campus, in Durban, was known for the activism of its staff and students against government-imposed racial segregation. Particularly in the 1960s Natal University students were active in the non-racial National Union of South African Students, which was one of the main organizations opposing the apartheid system. In the 1970s and 1980s many of its students were members of the often-banned South African Students' Organisation (SASO), centred on the main arts centre at the Howard College campus. In addition, the university magazine Dome (named for the dome of the Howard College Building), was active against apartheid and was often banned, with the printing press being moved around to prevent its being confiscated by police. \nThe Howard College campus had a number of onsite residences, named after prominent South Africans including John Bews, Ernest Jansen, Louis Botha and Mabel Palmer.\nThe Pietermartizburg campus was the original campus, though it later became the smaller of the two main campuses. The campus is in a suburban location, centred on the library and administration buildings. The library houses many historic books, including books on colonial history and Boer war history. Unlike the Durban campus, most students did not live in campus residences.\nOn 1 January 2004, the University of Natal was merged with the University of Durban-Westville to create a new legal entity called the University of KwaZulu-Natal.", "Q679617": "\u00d6d\u00f6n Beniczky de Benice et Micsinye (12 February 1878 \u2013 20 January 1931) was a Hungarian legitimist politician, who served as Interior Minister between 1919 and 1920. He was a resolute adversary of Governor Mikl\u00f3s Horthy. He supported the king Charles IV in the king's attempts to retake the throne of Hungary. That is why Beniczky was arrested for a short time. He published his statement before the military public prosecutor's department in his newspaper (\"Az \u00dajs\u00e1g\") about the White Terror. He was also arrested for two years. Beniczky's case was a huge scandal in Hungary, but the legitimists didn't use these happenings against the governor.\nAfter the prison Beniczky failed as representative candidate. He committed suicide in 1931.", "Q1517401": "V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University (TNU) (Ukrainian: \u0422\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0412.\u0406. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u0422\u041d\u0423)) is a public, coeducational university currently located in Kiev. The university was founded in Simferopol in 1918 with the active participation of the geologist Vladimir Vernadsky. The university now bears his name. The university has 16 departments and 20 academic institutes. The university has the status of national and is accredited to the fourth level by the Ministry of Education of Ukraine.", "Q310324": "Timothy Tarquin Hutton (born August 16, 1960) is an American actor and director. He is the youngest recipient in the Best Supporting Actor Category of the Academy Awards, for his performance as Conrad Jarrett in Ordinary People (1980). Hutton has since appeared regularly in feature films and on television, with featured roles in the drama Taps (1981), the spy film The Falcon and the Snowman (1985), and the horror film The Dark Half (1993), among others.\nBetween 2000 and 2002, Hutton starred as Archie Goodwin in the A&E drama series A Nero Wolfe Mystery. Between 2008 and 2012, he starred as Nathan \"Nate\" Ford on the TNT drama series Leverage. He also had a role in the first episode of the Amazon streaming drama series Jack Ryan.", "Q1133740": "Cornelius Bumpus (May 7, 1945 \u2013 February 3, 2004) was an American woodwind, keyboard player and vocalist from Santa Cruz, California.", "Q127524": "Edward Henry Rollins (October 3, 1824 \u2013 July 31, 1889) was a United States Representative and Senator from New Hampshire.", "Q7729": "Louis Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte (born Luigi Buonaparte; 2 September 1778 \u2013 25 July 1846) was a younger brother of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French. He was a monarch in his own right from 1806 to 1810, ruling over the Kingdom of Holland (a French client state roughly corresponding to the current Netherlands). In that capacity he was known as Louis I (Dutch: Lodewijk I; Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8lo\u02d0d\u0259\u028b\u025bik]).\nLouis was the fifth surviving child and fourth surviving son of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino, out of eight children who lived past infancy. He and his siblings were all born on Corsica, which had been conquered by France less than a decade before his birth. Louis followed his older brothers into the French Army, where he benefited from Napoleon's patronage. In 1802, he married his step-niece Hortense de Beauharnais, the daughter of Empress Jos\u00e9phine (Napoleon's wife).\nIn 1806, Napoleon established the Kingdom of Holland in place of the Batavian Republic, appointing Louis as the new king. Napoleon had intended for Holland to be little more than a puppet state, but Louis was determined to be as independent as possible, and in fact became quite popular amongst his new people. Growing tired of his brother's wilfulness, Napoleon annexed Holland into the French Empire in 1810. Louis fled into exile in Austria, where he spent the rest of his life. His son Louis-Napol\u00e9on established the Second French Empire, taking the throne as Napoleon III.", "Q195396": "Frederick Charles Jones (12 September 1927 \u2013 9 July 2019) was an English actor who had an extensive career in television, theatre and cinema productions for almost sixty years. In theatre, he was best known for originating the role of Sir in The Dresser; in film, he was best known for his role as the circus ringmaster Bytes in The Elephant Man (1980); and in television, he was best known for playing Sandy Thomas in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale from 2005 to 2018.", "Q640096": "Henry Watson Fowler (10 March 1858 \u2013 26 December 1933) was an English schoolmaster, lexicographer and commentator on the usage of the English language. He is notable for both A Dictionary of Modern English Usage and his work on the Concise Oxford Dictionary, and was described by The Times as \"a lexicographical genius\".\nAfter an Oxford education, Fowler was a schoolmaster until his middle age and then worked in London as a freelance writer and journalist, but was not very successful. In partnership with his brother Francis, and beginning in 1906, he began publishing seminal grammar, style and lexicography books. After his brother's death in 1918, he completed the works on which they had collaborated and edited additional works.\n\n", "Q350700": "Elliott Sharp (born March 1, 1951 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American contemporary classical composer, multi-instrumentalist, and performer.A central figure in the avant-garde and experimental music scene in New York City since the late 1970s, Sharp has released over eighty-five recordings ranging from contemporary classical, avant-garde, free improvisation, jazz, experimental, and orchestral music to noise, no wave, and electronic music. He pioneered the use of personal computers in live performance with his Virtual Stance project of the 1980s. He has used algorithms and fibonacci numbers in experimental composition since the 1970s. He has cited literature as an inspiration for his music and often favors improvisation. He is an inveterate performer, playing mainly guitar, saxophone and bass clarinet. Sharp has led many ensembles over the years, including the blues-oriented Terraplane and Orchestra Carbon.", "Q109801": "Roland Riese (born 29 July 1960 in Neuenhaus, Lower Saxony) is a German politician that belongs to the Free Democratic Party.\nHe was elected to the Lower Saxon Landtag in 2003, and has been re-elected on one occasion.\nRiese holds a master's degree in Business administration from the University of West Florida. He is member of the Beta Gamma Sigma Society.\n\n", "Q280045": "Alfonso John Romero (born October 28, 1967) is an American director, designer, programmer, and developer in the video game industry. He is best known as a co-founder of id Software and designer for many of their games, including Wolfenstein 3D, Dangerous Dave, Hexen, Doom, Doom II and Quake. His game designs and development tools, along with new programming techniques created and implemented by id Software's lead programmer John D. Carmack, led to a mass popularization of the first-person shooter, or FPS, in the 1990s. He is credited with coining the FPS multiplayer term \"deathmatch\".", "Q384551": "Laura Kightlinger is an American actress, comedian and writer.\nShe was a writer and consulting producer on Will & Grace, while also occasionally appearing on the show as the character Nurse Sheila. Kightlinger also played the title role in the TV show The Minor Accomplishments of Jackie Woodman, which she created, wrote and executive produced.", "Q542639": "Jaime Torres (21 September 1938 \u2013 24 December 2018) was an Argentine musician, son of Bolivian immigrants and a world-renowned interpreter of charango. He was disciple of Mauro N\u00fa\u00f1ez, a Bolivian musician and luthier that built his first musical instruments.", "Q704818": "Robert Glynn Luman (15 April 1937 \u2013 27 December 1978) was an American country and rockabilly singer-songwriter.", "Q65921": "Grossaffoltern is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is known for its stork colony.", "Q179458": "Charles Albert Gobat (21 May 1843 \u2013 16 March 1914) was a Swiss lawyer, educational administrator, and politician who jointly received the Nobel Peace Prize with \u00c9lie Ducommun in 1902 for their leadership of the Permanent International Peace Bureau.\n\n", "Q235198": "Holland Virginia Taylor (born January 14, 1943) is an American actress and playwright. She won the 1999 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her role as Judge Roberta Kittleson on the ABC drama The Practice (1998\u20132003). She is also known for her role as Evelyn Harper on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men (2003\u20132015).\nTaylor's other notable television roles include the sitcoms Bosom Buddies (1980\u20131982) and The Powers That Be (1992\u20131993). Her film appearances include One Fine Day (1996), George of the Jungle (1997), The Truman Show (1998), and Legally Blonde (2001). She also wrote and starred in the solo play Ann, based on the life and work of Ann Richards, for which she was nominated for the 2013 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play.\n\n", "Q12571": "Edmond Privat (17 August 1889 \u2013 28 August 1962) was a Francophone Swiss Esperantist. A historian, university professor, author, journalist and peace activist, he was a graduate of the University of Geneva and a lecturer for the World Peace Foundation. His collective works consist of original dramas, poems, stories, textbooks and books about the Esperanto movement.", "Q214156": "Kraft Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (2 January 1827 \u2013 16 January 1892), was a Prussian general and military writer during the time of the German Empire.", "Q99542": "Franz Josef Freiherr von Gruben (February 13 1829, D\u00fcsseldorf\u2013October 23 1888, Regensburg) was a 19th-century German Catholic social politician, member of the German Reichstag, poet, lawyer, artist and Head of the Princely House of Thurn und Taxis in Regensburg.", "Q168555": "Alison Margaret Elizabeth Goldfrapp (born 13 May 1966) is an English musician and record producer, best known as the vocalist of British electronic music duo Goldfrapp.", "Q14100": "Kl\u00e1ra (Klari) D\u00e1n von Neumann (born Kl\u00e1ra D\u00e1n; 18 August 1911 \u2013 10 November 1963) was a Hungarian-American computer scientist, noted as one of the first computer programmers.", "Q813941": "Bedouin Soundclash is a Canadian band currently based in Toronto. Their sound has been described as reggae and ska. Bedouin Soundclash was formed in 2001, and has released four studio albums since its formation. The band released an album most recently in 2019, though a single was released in 2017, its first new album in almost nine years.\nJay Malinowski is the band's lead vocalist, while Eon Sinclair plays bass, and Chuck Treece plays drums.", "Q3490465": "Robert Anthony Kowalski (born 15 May 1941) is a logician and computer scientist, whose research is concerned with developing both human-oriented models of computing and computational models of human thinking. He has spent most of his career in the United Kingdom.\n\n", "Q1628891": "Alex Reece (born Alexander Reece, Barnet, England) is a drum and bass artist. He popularized the use of two-step breaks in drum and bass, and was an influence of the jazzstep sound, a mix of drum and bass and jazz. Reece was one of the musicians in the Metalheadz collective, and has also worked under the pseudonym of Fallen Angels.", "Q583065": "Marie Joseph Gabriel Antoine Jogand-Pag\u00e8s, better known by the pen name L\u00e9o Taxil (French: [leo taksil]; March 21, 1854 \u2013 March 31, 1907), was a French writer and journalist who became known for his strong anti-Catholic and anti-clerical views. He is also known for the Taxil hoax, a spurious expos\u00e9 of Freemasonry and the Roman Catholic Church's opposition to it.", "Q190588": "Love Actually is a 2003 British Christmas-themed romantic comedy film written and directed by Richard Curtis. It features an ensemble cast, composed predominantly of British actors, many of whom had worked with Curtis in previous film and television projects. Mostly filmed on location in London, the screenplay delves into different aspects of love as shown through ten separate stories involving a wide variety of individuals, many of whom are shown to be interlinked as the tales progress. The story begins five weeks before Christmas and is played out in a weekly countdown until the holiday, followed by an epilogue that takes place one month later. It is an international co-production between the United Kingdom, United States, and France.The film was released in the United States on 14 November 2003, receiving mixed reviews. It opened in the United Kingdom one week later, to positive reviews. The film was a box-office success, grossing $248 million worldwide on a budget of $40\u201345 million. It received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy. Frequently shown during the Christmas season, the film has proved more popular with audiences than critics, and it has been discussed as being arguably a modern-day Christmas staple.", "Q124993": "Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri Castelli (Spanish pronunciation: [leo\u02c8poldo fo\u027etu\u02c8nato \u0263al\u02c8tje\u027ei kas\u02c8te\u028ei]; 15 July 1926 \u2013 12 January 2003) was an Argentine general and President of Argentina from 22 December 1981 to 18 June 1982, during the last military dictatorship (known officially as the National Reorganization Process). The death squad, 601 Intelligence Battalion, directly reported to him. He was removed from power soon after the Argentine defeat by British armed forces in the Falklands War, whose invasion he had ordered.", "Q49213": "The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) is a public research university in Austin, Texas. It was founded in 1883 and is the flagship institution of the University of Texas System. The University of Texas was inducted into the Association of American Universities in 1929, becoming only the third university in the American South to be elected. The institution has the nation's eighth-largest single-campus enrollment, with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and over 24,000 faculty and staff.A Public Ivy, it is a major center for academic research, with research expenditures exceeding $615 million for the 2016\u20132017 school year. The university houses seven museums and seventeen libraries, including the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum and the Blanton Museum of Art, and operates various auxiliary research facilities, such as the J. J. Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory. Among university faculty are recipients of the Nobel Prize, the Pulitzer Prize, the Wolf Prize, the Primetime Emmy Award, the Abel Prize, the Turing Award, and the National Medal of Science, as well as many other awards. As of October 2019, 12 Nobel Prize winners, two Turing Award winners and two Fields medalists have been affiliated with the school as alumni, faculty members or researchers.\nStudent athletes compete as the Texas Longhorns and are members of the Big 12 Conference. Its Longhorn Network is the only sports network featuring the college sports of a single university. The Longhorns have won four NCAA Division I National Football Championships, six NCAA Division I National Baseball Championships, thirteen NCAA Division I National Men's Swimming and Diving Championships, and has claimed more titles in men's and women's sports than any other school in the Big 12 since the league was founded in 1996.", "Q453046": "Elbert Leander \"Burt\" Rutan (; born June 17, 1943) is a retired American aerospace engineer and entrepreneur noted for his originality in designing light, strong, unusual-looking, energy-efficient aircraft. He designed the record-breaking Voyager, which in 1986 was the first plane to fly around the world without stopping or refueling, and the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer, which in 2006 set the world record for the fastest (342 mph/551 km/h in 67 hours) and longest (25,766 miles/41,466 km) nonstop non-refueled circumnavigation flight in history. In 2004, Rutan's sub-orbital spaceplane design SpaceShipOne became the first privately funded spacecraft to enter the realm of space, winning the Ansari X-Prize that year for achieving the feat twice within a two-week period. \nWith his VariEze and Long-EZ designs, which first flew in 1975 and 1979 respectively, Rutan is responsible for helping popularize both the canard configuration and the use of moldless composite construction in the homebuilt aircraft industry. He is the founder or co-founder of multiple aerospace companies, including the Rutan Aircraft Factory, Scaled Composites, Mojave Aerospace Ventures, and The Spaceship Company.\nRutan has designed 46 aircraft throughout his career, been included in the Time 100 Most Influential People in the World list for the year 2004, been the co-recipient of both the Collier and National Air and Space Museum trophies on two separate occasions, received six honorary doctoral degrees, and has won over 100 different awards for aerospace design and development. He has five aircraft on display in the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.: SpaceShipOne, the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer, Voyager, Quickie, and the VariEze.", "Q381429": "Ingebrigt H\u00e5ker Flaten (born 23 September 1971 in Oppdal, Norway) is a Norwegian bassist active in the jazz and free jazz genres.", "Q82604": "A design is a plan or specification for the construction of an object or system or for the implementation of an activity or process, or the result of that plan or specification in the form of a prototype, product or process. The verb to design expresses the process of developing a design. In some cases, the direct construction of an object without an explicit prior plan (such as in craftwork, some engineering, coding, and graphic design) may also be considered to be a design activity. The design usually has to satisfy certain goals and constraints, may take into account aesthetic, functional, economic, or socio-political considerations, and is expected to interact with a certain environment. Major examples of designs include architectural blueprints, engineering drawings, business processes, circuit diagrams, and sewing patterns.The person who produces a design is called a designer, which is a term generally used for people who work professionally in one of the various design areas\u2014usually specifying which area is being dealt with (such as a textile designer, fashion designer, product designer, concept designer, web designer (website designer) or interior designer), but also others such as architects and engineers. A designer's sequence of activities is called a design process, possibly using design methods. The process of creating a design can be brief (a quick sketch) or lengthy and complicated, involving considerable research, negotiation, reflection, modeling, interactive adjustment and re-design.", "Q95378": "Alexander \"Sascha\" Anderson (born 24 August 1953) is a German writer and artist who was an influential figure in the alternative scene in pre-unification East Berlin in the 1980s. Anderson was nicknamed \"the culture minister\" due to his role in organising cultural events and promoting young artists. In 1991, it was revealed that he had been an informal collaborator for the East German Stasi since 1975.Anderson was born in Weimar in 1953 to a theatre director/actor father and architect mother. As an adult, he moved to Dresden where he trained as a typesetter and used his skills to print and disseminate political leaflets and poetry, for which he was imprisoned twice, in 1970 and 1972. Anderson's first reports to the Stasi came after his prison sentences. Anderson's code name was Fritz M\u00fcllerThe East German secret police, known as the Stasi, had one of the most extensive and effective intelligence networks to have ever existed. By 1989, it was estimated there were at least 189000 informants in every sphere of East German society, and files on millions of citizens. By the late 1970s, the Stasi had moved from overt persecution to a programme of psychological harassment known as Zersetzung. The goal was the \"fragmentation, paralysis, disorganization, and isolation of the hostile and negative forces, in order to preventatively impede the hostile and negative activities\" of political opponents.", "Q1288608": "William Samuel Paley (September 28, 1901 \u2013 October 26, 1990) was an American business personality, primarily involved in the media, and best known as the chief executive who built the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) from a small radio network into one of the foremost radio and television network operations in the United States of America.", "Q142141": "Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [t\u028ax\u0250\u02c8t\u0255efsk\u02b2\u026aj]; 16 February [O.S. 4 February] 1893 \u2013 12 June 1937) nicknamed Red Napoleon by foreign newspapers, was a leading Soviet military leader and theoretician from 1918 to 1937. \nFrom 1920\u20131921 he commanded the Soviet Western Front in the Polish\u2013Soviet War. Soviet forces under his command successfully repelled the Polish forces from Western Ukraine, driving them back to Poland, but the Red Army was defeated outside of Warsaw, and the war ended in Soviet defeat. He later served as chief of staff of the Red Army from 1925 through 1928, as assistant in the People's Commissariat of Defense after 1934 and as commander of the Volga Military District in 1937. He achieved the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1935.\nHe was a major proponent of the modernization of Soviet armament and army force structure in the 1920s and 1930s and became instrumental in the development of Soviet aviation, mechanized, and airborne forces. As a theoretician, he was a driving force behind Soviet development of the theory of deep operations. The Soviet authorities falsely accused him of treason and had him shot during Stalin's military purges of 1937\u20131938, but rehabilitated his reputation in the late 1950s.", "Q566200": "Anneliese Uhlig (27 August 1918 \u2013 17 June 2017) was a German-born film actress.\nUhlig made her film debut in 1937, and went on to appear in a number of leading roles in Germany cinema during the Nazi era. She was also one of a number of foreign figures to appear in Italian films during the era. After the war she married an American, lived in the United States and in South East Asia, and worked as a journalist and lecturer. Uhlig died in June 2017 at the age of 98.German leading lady of the 1930s and 1940s, discovered by Thea von Harbou and on stage from 1938.\nIn 1940, she was brought to Lanke, the country estate of Hitler's propaganda minister and film minister, Josef Goebbels. He told her it was a unique chance for her to have an affair with one of the greatest men in all of Germany (himself) and promised her a great career. She rebuffed his advances and three days later, work on her film was stopped. Goebbels' undersecretary, Karl Hanke found out about the incident and brought her to Frau Goebbels to tell her story. She asked Annaliese her side of the story and after she shared what happened to her, Magda burst into tears. She told Anneliese \"I confronted my husband and he said 'on the lives of our children, it wasn't like that.', but when I hear it from you, I have to believe you.\" Josef lorded his power over the film industry and slept with most actresses. Those who wouldn't touch him found themselves out of work. Josef Goebbels consequently prevented her from acting in German films. However, her close friend, opera star Maria Cebotari, secured for her work in the Italian film industry. After making five pictures in Italy she was ordered back to Germany in 1943 to be utilised for army welfare. She was subsequently employed as translator/caretaker for the expatriate family of deposed dictator Benito Mussolini who had been moved to a Bavarian castle.", "Q462714": "Albert Bernard Feldstein (; October 24, 1925 \u2013 April 29, 2014) was an American writer, editor, and artist, best known for his work at EC Comics and, from 1956 to 1985, as the editor of the satirical magazine Mad. After retiring from Mad, Feldstein concentrated on American paintings of Western wildlife.", "Q221462": "The Maltese Falcon is a 1941 film noir directed and scripted by John Huston in his directorial debut, based on the 1930 novel of the same name by Dashiell Hammett. It stars Humphrey Bogart as private investigator Sam Spade and Mary Astor as his femme fatale client. Gladys George, Peter Lorre, and Sydney Greenstreet co-star, with the latter appearing in his film debut. The story follows a San Francisco private detective and his dealings with three unscrupulous adventurers, all of whom are competing to obtain a jewel-encrusted falcon statuette.The film premiered in New York City on October 3, 1941, and was nominated for three Academy Awards. It was included in the Library of Congress's National Film Registry in 1989. It is a part of Roger Ebert's series The Great Movies and was cited by Panorama du Film Noir Am\u00e9ricain as the first major film noir.", "Q58691": "Maricopa County is located in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated its population was 4,485,414 as of 2019, making it the state's most populous county, and the fourth-most populous in the United States, containing more than half the population of Arizona. It is more populous than 23 states. The county seat is Phoenix, the state capital and fifth-most populous city in the United States.\nMaricopa County is the central county of the Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nMaricopa County was named after the Maricopa Native Americans. There are five Native American Reservations located in the county. The largest are the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (east of Scottsdale) and the Gila River Indian Community (south of Chandler).", "Q475268": "Mohammad Reza Rahimi (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645\u06cc\u200e, born on 11 January 1949) is an Iranian politician who was first vice president from 13 September 2009 until 3 August 2013. His previous posts included governor of the Kurdistan province and vice president for parliamentary affairs.\nOn 15 February 2015, Rahimi was convicted of corruption and is currently jailed in Evin Prison. He was allegedly head of the \"Fatemi Circle\".", "Q68752": "Mathod is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q56864": "Drunken Master III is a 1994 Hong Kong martial arts film directed by Lau Kar-leung and starring Andy Lau, Michelle Reis, Willie Chi, Simon Yam, Lau Kar-leung, Adam Cheng and Gordon Liu. This film was quickly produced after director Lau and Jackie Chan fell out on the set of Drunken Master II with the style of action and Lau decided to produce a more authentic entry in the Drunken Master film series. Despite the title, Drunken Master III is not a sequel to the Drunken Master film series and is widely considered an imitator.", "Q1470101": "The Kingdom of Hungary came into existence in Central Europe when Stephen I, Grand Prince of the Hungarians, was crowned king in 1000 or 1001. He reinforced central authority and forced his subjects to accept Christianity. Although all written sources emphasize only the role played by German and Italian knights and clerics in the process, a significant part of the Hungarian vocabulary for agriculture, religion and state was taken from Slavic languages. Civil wars and pagan uprisings, along with attempts by the Holy Roman Emperors to expand their authority over Hungary, jeopardized the new monarchy. The monarchy stabilized during the reigns of Ladislaus I (1077\u20131095) and Coloman (1095\u20131116). These rulers occupied Croatia and Dalmatia with the support of a part of the local population. Both realms retained their autonomous position. The successors of Ladislaus and Coloman\u2014especially B\u00e9la II (1131\u20131141), B\u00e9la III (1176\u20131196), Andrew II (1205\u20131235), and B\u00e9la IV (1235\u20131270)\u2014continued this policy of expansion towards the Balkan Peninsula and the lands east of the Carpathian Mountains, transforming their kingdom into one of the major powers of medieval Europe.\nRich in uncultivated lands, silver, gold, and salt deposits, Hungary became the preferred destination of mainly German, Italian and French colonists. These immigrants were mostly peasants who settled in villages, but craftsmen and merchants also came, who established most cities of the Kingdom. Their arrival had a key role in the shaping of an urban lifestyle, habits and culture in medieval Hungary. The location of the kingdom at the crossroads of international trade routes favored the coexistence of several cultures. Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance buildings and literary works written in Latin prove the predominantly Roman Catholic character of the culture, but Orthodox, and even non-Christian ethnic minority communities also existed. Latin was the language of legislation, administration and judiciary, but \"linguistic pluralism\" contributed to the survival of many tongues, including a great variety of Slavic dialects.\nThe predominance of royal estates initially assured the sovereign's preeminent position, but the alienation of royal lands gave rise to the emergence of a self-conscious group of lesser landholders, known as \"royal servants\". They forced Andrew II to issue his Golden Bull of 1222, \"one of first examples of constitutional limits being placed on the powers of a European monarch\" (Francis Fukuyama). The kingdom received a major blow from the Mongol invasion of 1241\u201342. Thereafter, Cuman and Jassic groups settled in the central lowlands, and colonists arrived from Moravia, Poland and other nearby countries. The erection of fortresses by landlords, promoted by the monarchs after the withdrawal of the Mongols, led to the development of semi-autonomous \"provinces\" dominated by powerful magnates. Some of these magnates even challenged the authority of Andrew III (1290\u20131301), the last male descendant of the native \u00c1rp\u00e1d dynasty. His death was followed by a period of interregnum and anarchy. Central power was re-established only in the early 1320s.", "Q1781140": "Fredrik Thorbj\u00f8rn Kayser, (25 May 1918 \u2013 2 February 2009) was a Norwegian resistance member during World War II. He was especially noted for his role in the Norwegian heavy water sabotage, and has been referred to as \"Western Norway's Gunnar S\u00f8nsteby\".\n\n", "Q152352": "Friedrich Karl Waechter (3 November 1937 in Danzig \u2013 16 September 2005 in Frankfurt) was a renowned German cartoonist, author, and playwright.", "Q249912": "Ramon Wilson, MBE (17 December 1934 \u2013 15 May 2018) was an English footballer who played at left back. He was a member of the England team that won the 1966 World Cup. He was born in Shirebrook, Derbyshire.", "Q1754769": "Max Ehrmann (September 26, 1872 \u2013 September 9, 1945) was an American writer, poet, and attorney from Terre Haute, Indiana, widely known for his 1927 prose poem \"Desiderata\" (Latin: \"things desired\"). He often wrote on spiritual themes.\n\n", "Q88804781": "Olga Eunice Miller (n\u00e9e Wondunna, later Reeves; 27 March 1920\u2013August 2003), often known as Aunty (or Auntie) Olga or by her traditional name Wandi, was an Australian historian, artist, author and Aboriginal elder of the Butchulla people. She often acted as an advocate for K'gari (Fraser Island) and Butchulla issues, and illustrated The Legends of Moonie Jarl, the first known Australian Aboriginal\u2013written children's book to be published. In 2002 she was named a Queensland Great.", "Q71203": "Count Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg (29 June 1815 \u2013 2 June 1881) was a Prussian diplomat and politician. He led the Eulenburg Expedition and secured the Prusso-Japanese Treaty of 24 January 1861, which was similar to other unequal treaties that European powers held Eastern Countries to.", "Q312902": "Stephen Lang (born July 11, 1952) is an American screen and stage actor, and playwright. He is known for roles in films including Manhunter (1986), Gettysburg, Tombstone (both 1993), Gods and Generals (2003), Public Enemies (2009) and Don't Breathe (2016). He received a Tony Award nomination for his role in the 1992 Broadway production of The Speed of Darkness and won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in James Cameron's Avatar (2009). From 2004 to 2006, he was co-artistic director of the Actors Studio.", "Q188648": "Raven-Symon\u00e9 Christina Pearman (; born December 10, 1985), also known mononymously as Raven, is an American actress, singer, songwriter, rapper, dancer and producer. She began her career as a child actress, appearing as Olivia Kendall on The Cosby Show (1989\u20131992) and Nicole Lee on Hangin' with Mr. Cooper (1993\u20131997). As a teenager, she starred as Raven Baxter on the Disney Channel television series That's So Raven (2003\u20132007), for which she was nominated for numerous accolades. Since 2017, Raven-Symon\u00e9 has reprised her role as Raven Baxter on Raven's Home, for which she was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in Children's Programming. Her film credits include Dr. Dolittle (1998), Dr. Dolittle 2 (2001), College Road Trip (2008), and successful television films, including Zenon: Girl of the 21st Century (1999), The Cheetah Girls (2003), its sequel Cheetah Girls 2 (2006), For One Night (2006), and Revenge of the Bridesmaids (2010).\nIn music, Raven-Symon\u00e9 released her debut studio album at the age of seven, Here's to New Dreams (1993), which saw the moderate commercial success of the single \"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of\". Her subsequent studio albums, Undeniable (1999), This Is My Time (2004), and Raven-Symon\u00e9 (2008) saw some commercial success on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States. She also contributed vocals to several soundtracks from her Disney projects, including The Cheetah Girls (2003), That's So Raven (2004), That's So Raven Too! (2006), and The Cheetah Girls 2 (2006), several of which were certified platinum and gold. Raven-Symon\u00e9 has also lent her voice to the animated series Kim Possible for the character Monique, and films such as Tinker Bell (2008). She was also a co-host of the ABC daytime talk show The View from 2015 to 2016. VH1 ranked her at number nine on their \"100 Greatest Kid Stars Of All Time\" list in 2012.", "Q988744": "Stuart is a city in and the seat of Martin County, Florida, United States. Located on Florida's Treasure Coast, Stuart is the largest of four incorporated municipalities in Martin County. The estimated population is 16,293 according to the most recent United States census estimates. Stuart is the 126th largest city in Florida based on official 2018 estimates from the US Census Bureau. It is part of the Port St. Lucie, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nStuart is frequently cited as one of the best small towns to visit in the U.S., in large part because of its proximity to the St. Lucie River and Indian River Lagoon.", "Q536437": "Edward Kirk Herrmann (July 21, 1943 \u2013 December 31, 2014) was an American actor, director,and writer, best known for his portrayals of Franklin D. Roosevelt on television, Richard Gilmore in Gilmore Girls, Max in The Lost Boys and a ubiquitous narrator for historical programs on The History Channel and in such PBS productions as Nova, and as a spokesman for Dodge automobiles in the 1990s.", "Q180214": "Black Swan is a 2010 American psychological horror film directed by Darren Aronofsky. The screenplay was written by Mark Heyman, John McLaughlin, and Andres Heinz, based on an original story by Heinz. The film stars Natalie Portman, Vincent Cassel, Mila Kunis, Barbara Hershey, and Winona Ryder. The plot revolves around a production of Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake ballet by the prestigious New York City Ballet company. The production requires a ballerina to play the innocent and fragile White Swan, for which the committed dancer Nina (Portman) is a perfect fit, as well as the dark and sensual Black Swan, which are qualities better embodied by the new rival Lily (Kunis). Nina is overwhelmed by a feeling of immense pressure when she finds herself competing for the part, causing her to lose her tenuous grip on reality and descend into madness.\nUsually described as a psychological horror thriller film, Black Swan can also be interpreted as a metaphor for achieving artistic perfection, with all of the psychological and physical challenges one might encounter, i.e. \"the film can be perceived as a poetic metaphor for the birth of an artist, that is, as a visual representation of Nina's psychic odyssey toward achieving artistic perfection and of the price to be paid for it.\"Aronofsky conceived the premise by connecting his viewings of a production of Swan Lake with an unrealized screenplay about understudies and the notion of being haunted by a double, similar to the folklore surrounding doppelg\u00e4ngers. Aronofsky cites Fyodor Dostoevsky's The Double as another inspiration for the film. The director also considered Black Swan a companion piece to his 2008 film The Wrestler, with both films involving demanding performances for different kinds of art. He and Portman first discussed the project in 2000, and after a brief attachment to Universal Studios, Black Swan was produced in New York City in 2009 by Fox Searchlight Pictures. Portman and Kunis trained in ballet for several months before filming began, and notable figures from the ballet world helped with film production to shape the ballet presentation.\nThe film premiered as the opening film for the 67th Venice International Film Festival on September 1, 2010. It had a limited release in the United States starting December 3, 2010 and opened in wide release on December 17. The film upon release was a critical and commercial success. Critics praised Portman's performance and Aronofsky's direction, while the film grossed over $329 million worldwide. It received five nominations at the 83rd Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Cinematography, Best Film Editing and winning Best Actress (for Portman).", "Q154723": "Viktor Emil Frankl (26 March 1905 \u2013 2 September 1997)\nwas an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist as well as a Holocaust survivor, surviving Theresienstadt, Auschwitz, Kaufering and T\u00fcrkheim. Frankl was the founder of the logotherapy method (based on the will to meaning principle) and is most notable for his best-selling book Man's Search for Meaning. The book is an account within the concentration camp hierarchy, where in various camps he practiced, 'concluded' and several times quotes, the validity of means for a Nietzschean survival. Frankl was, for a time, a minor figure in existential therapy and influenced humanistic psychology.\nHe has been the subject of some criticism from notable holocaust analysts \nwho question the levels of Nazi collaboration by Frankl, the inherence in the ideology of logotherapy and its origins itself. A disparate group of others also raise doubts in regard to acts which Frankl willingly pursued in the time before his internment; during that time, as a member of the austro-fascist Fatherland Front, without any medical precedence or training as a surgeon, Frankl - under the oversight of the Nazi administration - insisted on performing experimental Lobotomies on Jews who had resisted arrest, with an overdose of sedatives, and were declared dead by other doctors of the Reich,\nwhich psychiatrists and biographers alike suggest comprises a link to Nazi human experimentation. These and other incidents, hinted at in Frankl's own autobiographical account, such as receiving Nazi premium coupons, then promotion into the senior prison warden position, the Kapo; that, as well as further events after the war, such as the possible cleansing of Frankl's Gestapo file, continue to be looked at by researchers.", "Q608207": "Sandusky is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Erie County. Situated in northern Ohio on the shores of Lake Erie, Sandusky is midway between Toledo to the west and Cleveland to the east.\nAccording to 2010 census, the city had a population of 25,793, and the Sandusky, Ohio Micropolitan Statistical Area had 77,079 residents.In 2011, Sandusky was ranked No. 1 by Forbes as the \"Best Place to Live Cheaply\" in the United States. The city has a median family income of $64,000.Sandusky is home to the Cedar Fair Entertainment Company and its flagship amusement park, Cedar Point. Cedar Point has one of the largest collections of roller coasters in the world and is widely regarded as one of the best amusement parks. Cedar Point includes 17 roller coasters.The National Arbor Day Foundation has designated Sandusky as a Tree City USA.", "Q234709": "Shannon Ashley Garcia Mitchell (born April 10, 1987) is a Canadian actress, model, entrepreneur and author. She rose to prominence starring as Emily Fields in the ABC Family/Freeform series Pretty Little Liars (2010\u20132017). In 2018, Mitchell starred as Peach Salinger in the psychological thriller series You, and headlined the horror film The Possession of Hannah Grace.", "Q469899": "Charles Murray Buchan (22 September 1891 \u2013 25 June 1960) was an English footballer, sporting journalist and commentator.Buchan's playing career started with Woolwich Arsenal before he moved to Leyton. He then went on to join up with Sunderland. With the Black Cats he was the leading scorer for seven of his nine seasons there and remains the club's all-time record League goalscorer. He also won the First Division title in 1913 and got to the 1913 FA Cup Final with Sunderland. During this time Buchan served with the Sherwood Foresters after the outbreak of the First World War, being awarded the Military Medal.He re-joined Woolwich Arsenal now known as Arsenal in 1925 and helped see the club to their first FA Cup final in 1927. Buchan was responsible, along with Herbert Chapman for Arsenal's adoption of the WM formation which eventually brought significant success in the 1930s for the club. He was as well capped six times by the England national football team, scoring four goals.After retiring from football Buchan became a football journalist with the Daily News which was later renamed the News Chronicle. He also wrote one of the first coaching manuals and commentated for the BBC. In 1947, he co-founded the Football Writers' Association. From September 1951 he edited his own football magazine entitled Charles Buchan's Football Monthly, which was published for another 23 years altogether.", "Q158119": "Ramallah (UK: r\u0259-MAL-\u0259, US: r\u0259-MAH-l\u0259; Arabic: \u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u200e, romanized: R\u0101m All\u0101h, lit. 'God's Height') is a Palestinian city in the central West Bank located 10 km (6 miles) north of Jerusalem at an average elevation of 880 meters (2,890 ft) above sea level, adjacent to al-Bireh. It currently serves as the de facto administrative capital of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). Ramallah was historically an Arab Christian town. Muslims form the majority of the population of nearly 27,092 in 2007, with Christians making up a significant minority.", "Q100372": "Kurt Gro\u00dfmann (21 May 1897 \u2013 2 March 1972) began his career as a German journalist. For reasons of race and politics, he was obliged to emigrate during the Hitler years, living his final decades in Queens, New York. Although sources sometimes describe him as an American journalist, his preferred working language remained German. West German newspapers for which he reported from New York during the 1950s and the 1960s included the Rheinischer Merkur and Vorw\u00e4rts.His experiences as a soldier during the First World War turned Gro\u00dfmann into a powerfully committed pacifist. He served as General Secretary of the German League for Human Rights between 1926 and 1933.", "Q225604": "Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, 4th Earl of Leicester and Lancaster, Earl of Derby (c.\u20091310 \u2013 23 March 1361), of Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, was a member of the English royal family and a prominent English diplomat, politician, and soldier. He was the wealthiest and most powerful peer of the realm. The son and heir of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, and Maud Chaworth, he became one of King Edward III's most trusted captains in the early phases of the Hundred Years' War and distinguished himself with victory in the Battle of Auberoche. He was a founding member and the second Knight of the Order of the Garter in 1348, and in 1351 was created Duke of Lancaster. An intelligent and reflective man, Grosmont taught himself to write and was the author of the book Livre de seyntz medicines, a highly personal devotional treatise. He is remembered as one of the founders and early patrons of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, which was established by two guilds of the town in 1352.\n\n", "Q469641": "Grace Emily Ogot (n\u00e9e Akinyi; 15 May 1930 \u2013 18 March 2015) was a Kenyan author, nurse, journalist, politician and diplomat. Together with Charity Waciuma she was the first Anglophone female Kenyan writer to be published. She was one of the first Kenyan members of parliament and she became an assistant minister.", "Q25652": "Martha Rose Reeves (born July 18, 1941) is an American R&B and pop singer and former politician, and is the lead singer of the Motown girl group Martha Reeves and the Vandellas. They scored over a dozen hit singles, including \"Come and Get These Memories\", \"Nowhere to Run\", \"Heat Wave\", \"Jimmy Mack\", and their signature \"Dancing In The Street\". From 2005 until 2009, Reeves served as an elected council woman for the city of Detroit, Michigan.", "Q97786": "Henny Koch (22 September 1854 \u2013 13 June 1925) was a translator and a German children's author. She was born in Alsfeld, Grand Duchy of Hesse. From 1898 on, she lived in Jugenheim an der Bergstra\u00dfe in Hessia, Germany, where she died in 1925. She produced the first German translation of Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in 1890. Henny Koch wrote 29 books, mainly for young girls. Her books were published in eight countries. Her most successful work was a series of novels, beginning with Papas Junge, in which you can accompany the protagonist through her life as a young girl, a mother and grandmother. A film has been made based on this novel Il birichino di pap\u00e0, Italy, 1943, directed by Raffaello Matarazzo with music by Nino Rota.", "Q156652": "The Thule Society (; German: Thule-Gesellschaft), originally the Studiengruppe f\u00fcr germanisches Altertum (\"Study Group for Germanic Antiquity\"), was a German occultist and v\u00f6lkisch group founded in Munich right after World War I, named after a mythical northern country in Greek legend. The society is notable chiefly as the organization that sponsored the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (DAP; German Workers' Party), which was later reorganized by Adolf Hitler into the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP or Nazi Party). According to Hitler biographer Ian Kershaw, the organization's \"membership list ... reads like a Who's Who of early Nazi sympathizers and leading figures in Munich\", including Rudolf Hess, Alfred Rosenberg, Hans Frank, Julius Lehmann, Gottfried Feder, Dietrich Eckart, and Karl Harrer.Author Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke contends that Hans Frank and Rudolf Hess had been Thule members, but other leading Nazis had only been invited to speak at Thule meetings or they were entirely unconnected with it. According to Johannes Hering, \"There is no evidence that Hitler ever attended the Thule Society.\"", "Q637949": "Alphonso Taft (November 5, 1810 \u2013 May 21, 1891) was an American jurist, diplomat, politician, Attorney General and Secretary of War under President Ulysses S. Grant. He was also the founder of an American political dynasty, and father of President and Chief Justice William Howard Taft.\nAs Secretary of War, Taft reformed the War Department by allowing commanders at Indian forts to choose who could start and run post traderships. While serving as Attorney General, he strongly held that African Americans must not be denied the right to vote through intimidation and violence. Attorney General Taft coauthored a bill to Congress, signed into law by President Grant, that created the Elections Commission that settled the controversial Hayes-Tilden election.Taft was appointed as minister to Austria-Hungary by Chester A. Arthur in 1882. He served until July 4, 1884, and was then transferred by President Arthur to Minister of Russia, and he served in St. Petersburg until August 1885. Taft had a reputation for serving political office with integrity and character.", "Q788375": "Gresham College is an institution of higher learning located at Barnard's Inn Hall off Holborn in Central London, England. It does not enroll students and does not award any degrees. It was founded in 1597 under the will of Sir Thomas Gresham, and it hosts over 140 free public lectures every year. Since 2001, all lectures have also been made available online.", "Q326319": "Saw IV is a 2007 horror film directed by Darren Lynn Bousman from a screenplay by Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan, and a story by Melton, Dunstan, and Thomas Fenton. It is the fourth installment in the Saw film series, the third directed by Bousman. The film stars Tobin Bell, Scott Patterson, Costas Mandylor, Betsy Russell, and Lyriq Bent.\nThe film continues the story of the Jigsaw Killer's obsession with teaching people the value of their lives and occurs roughly at the same time as the previous installment. Despite Jigsaw's death, the film focuses on his ability to manipulate people into continuing his work. The story follows Officer Daniel Rigg being put through a series of tests in order to try to let go of his obsession with saving everyone, while at the same time attempting to save his partner.\nThe film was released in the United States on October 26, 2007, by Lionsgate. It received generally negative reviews from critics. Despite this, the film was a box office success, grossing $139 million worldwide. A sequel, titled Saw V, was released in 2008.\n\n", "Q705737": "The Art Students League of New York is an art school located on West 57th Street in Manhattan, New York City, New York. The League has historically been known for its broad appeal to both amateurs and professional artists and for over 130 years has maintained a tradition of offering reasonably priced classes on a flexible schedule to accommodate students from all walks of life.\nAlthough artists may study full-time, there have never been any degree programs or grades, and this informal attitude pervades the culture of the school. From the 19th century to the present, the League has counted among its attendees and instructors many historically important artists, and contributed to numerous influential schools and movements in the art world.\nThe League also maintains a significant permanent collection of student and faculty work, and publishes an online journal of writing on art-related topics, called LINEA. The journal's name refers to the school's motto Nulla Dies Sine Linea or \"No Day Without a Line\", traditionally attributed to the Greek painter Apelles by the historian Pliny the Elder, who recorded that Apelles would not let a day pass without at least drawing a line to practice his art.", "Q192176": "Bender ([ben\u02c8der]; de facto official name Bendery (Russian: \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b, [b\u02b2\u026an\u02c8d\u025br\u0268]); also known by other alternative names) is a city within the internationally recognized borders of Moldova under de facto control of the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria) (PMR) since 1992. It is located on the western bank of the river Dniester in the historical region of Bessarabia.\nTogether with its suburb Proteagailovca, the city forms a municipality, which is separate from Transnistria (as an administrative unit of Moldova) according to Moldovan law. Bender is located in the buffer zone established at the end of the 1992 War of Transnistria. While the Joint Control Commission has overriding powers in the city, Transnistria has de facto administrative control.\nThe fortress of Tighina was one of the important historic fortresses of the Principality of Moldova.", "Q87595": "Hugo Flink (16 August 1879 \u2013 2 May 1947) was an Austrian stage and film actor. Flink was one of the earliest actors to play Sherlock Holmes on screen.\nFlink was born in Vienna and died in Berlin.", "Q100414": "Rudolf Freiherr von Waldenfels (born April 26, 1965) is a German writer, journalist and actor. He is a member of the Waldenfels family, a German Adelsgeschlecht (noble lineage of Barons) that dates back to the 13th century AD. He lives in Berlin and in his ancestral hometown of Lichtenberg, in Bavaria. He is married to Dr. Ina von Waldenfels.\nRudolf Freiherr von Waldenfels is the grandnephew of highly decorated Wehrmacht Panzer general Rudolf Freiherr von Waldenfels.\n\n", "Q119145": "Clemente Yerovi Indaburu (August 10, 1904 \u2013 July 19, 1981) was a politician and the interim president of Ecuador from March 30, 1966, to November 16, 1966.\nYerovi was born in Barcelona, Spain, where his parents Clemente Yerovi Matheus and Mar\u00eda Indaburu Seminario lived temporarily as consul general of Ecuador. Yerovi studied at Vicente Rocafuerte High School in Guayaquil, and then at San Gabriel High School in Quito. He married Victoria G\u00f3mez Ycaza and had four children. He had many links to agriculture on the coast of the country, where he acquired a farm, that split in parts among its workers. Yerovi tenure is remembered by most Ecuadorians as a time of peace and prosperity. Even though Yerovi was not elected by popular vote, Ecuadorians are very fond of his persona, erecting many monuments and naming avenues with his name. \nIn 1948 he was economy minister of Galo Plaza's government, and then senator for agriculture.\nYerovi died in Guayaquil, Ecuador.", "Q65510": "Bonstetten is a village in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q116276": "Rudolf Schoeller (27 April 1902 in D\u00fcren, Germany \u2013 7 March 1978 in Grabs) was a racing driver from Switzerland. He participated in a single Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 3 August 1952. He retired from the race with shock absorber problems, and scored no championship points.\nHe was a member of the Ecurie Espadon.\n\n", "Q12940": "Jacques Chaban-Delmas (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292ak \u0283ab\u0251\u0303 d\u025blmas]; 7 March 1915 \u2013 10 November 2000) was a French Gaullist politician. He served as Prime Minister under Georges Pompidou from 1969 to 1972. He was the Mayor of Bordeaux from 1947 to 1995 and a deputy for the Gironde d\u00e9partement.", "Q384960": "Michelle Phan (, born April 11, 1987) is an American makeup artist, entrepreneur, and voice actress who became notable as a YouTube personality. A pioneering Beauty YouTuber, Phan's YouTube channel has over 8.9 million subscribers, 1.1 billion lifetime views, and 385 uploaded videos.", "Q984618": "Timur Askaruly Kulibayev (Kazakh: \u0422\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0440 \u0410\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0440\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u049a\u04b1\u043b\u044b\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432, T\u0131m\u00fdr Asqaruly Qulybaev, born 10 September 1966) is a Kazakhstani business oligarch and son-in-law of former Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev. Kulibayev has held several positions in important state-owned enterprises that manage Kazakhstan's natural resources, and has immense influence over the country's hydrocarbon industry.He is the former Chairman of the Management Board of Samruk-Kazyna National Welfare Fund and a member of the Board of Directors of the Gazprom company. As of October 2017, he was listed as the third-richest man in Kazakhstan and the 973rd-richest in the world with a fortune of $2.3 billion. Kulibayev has been called \"the most important business figure in the resource-rich\" Republic of Kazakhstan by The Daily Telegraph.", "Q1779823": "Alash Autonomy (Kazakh: \u0410\u043b\u0430\u0448 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u044f\u0441\u044b, Alash a\u00fdtonom\u0131\u0131asy; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u044f Alashskaya avtonomiya) was a Kazakh state that existed between December 13, 1917, on, approximately, the territory of the present-day Republic of Kazakhstan. The capital city was Semey, then known as \"Alash-qala\".\nVasile Balabanov was appointed governor and administrator of Kazakhstan (at that time known as Russian Turkestan) in 1905 and continued in that position until 1919. He fled the Russian Red Army in 1920, going to China. China at that time considered him the legitimate governor of Kazakhstan.\nThe Alash Autonomy of 1917 was in name only. Kazakhstan was controlled by the anti-communist White Army and the appointed administrator, who was in control until the Red Army was able to take over in 1919.\nThe Alash Autonomy was proclaimed in December 1917. Alash leaders established Alash Orda, a Kazakh government, which was aligned with the White Army and fought against the Bolsheviks. The first legislation of the Alash government of June 11\u201324, 1918 is the following: \"Agreed to invalidate all decrees issued by the Soviet authorities on the territory of the autonomous Alash. Chairman of Alash-Orda: Bokeikhanov, Members: Tynyshpaev, Gabbasov.\" In 1919, when the White forces were losing, Alash Autonomous government began negotiations with the Bolsheviks. In 1919\u201320 the Bolsheviks defeated the White Russian forces in the region and occupied Kazakhstan. On August 26, 1920, the Soviet government established the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which in 1925 changed its name to Kazak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and to Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936.", "Q79139": "Ferdinand Jakob Redtenbacher (July 25, 1809 in Steyr, Upper Austria \u2013 April 16, 1863 in Karlsruhe) is regarded as the founder of science-based mechanical engineering.", "Q4719909": "Alexander Gordon Culbert Ramsay (10 October 1863 \u2013 2 August 1925) was an Australian politician, who served in the Victorian Legislative Assembly.\nRamsay was born in Williamstown, Victoria to Scottish-born engineer Alexander Culbert Ramsay and Mary Jane Whan. He worked as a mechanical engineer in Western Australia before returning to Victoria to work for the Vacuum Oil Company. He later served as chairman of an oil company Ramsay and Treganowan, and as a sergeant in the Williamstown Artillery Battery. Around 1886 he married Florence Louisa Blyth.\nIn 1900 Ramsay was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for Williamstown, serving two terms until his defeat at the 1904 election. Ramsay died in 1925 at Williamstown.", "Q751366": "Sir Lindsay Owen-Jones, KBE, (born 17 March 1946), born in Wallasey, Merseyside to a Welsh family, was the Chairman and CEO of the cosmetics and beauty company L'Or\u00e9al from 1988 to 2011. \nIn May 2019, he was ranked as the 292nd richest person in UK by The Sunday Times Rich List with a net worth of \u00a3467 million.\n\n", "Q154045": "Alexei Nikolaevich (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447) (12 August 1904 [O.S. 30 July] \u2013 17 July 1918) of the House of Romanov, was the last Tsesarevich and heir apparent to the throne of the Russian Empire. He was the youngest child and only son of Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. He was born with haemophilia, which was treated by the faith healer Grigori Rasputin.After the February Revolution of 1917, he and his family were sent into internal exile in Tobolsk, Siberia. Soon after the Bolsheviks took power, he and his entire family were executed, together with three retainers. This was ordered during the Russian Civil War by the Bolshevik government. Rumors persisted that he and a sister had survived until the 2007 discovery of his and one of his sisters' remains. On 17 July 1998, the eightieth anniversary of the execution, his parents and three sisters, along with their faithful retainers, were formally interred in the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul. Alexei and his sister Maria are still not buried. The family were canonized as passion bearers by the Russian Orthodox Church in 2000.\nHe is sometimes known to Russian legitimists as Alexei II, as they do not recognize the abdication of his father in favor of his uncle Grand Duke Michael as lawful. Legitimists also refuse to recognise the abdication because it was not published by the Imperial Senate, as required by law.", "Q333072": "Richard Cobden (3 June 1804 \u2013 2 April 1865) was an English manufacturer, Radical and Liberal statesman, associated with two major free trade campaigns, the Anti-Corn Law League and the Cobden\u2013Chevalier Treaty.\nAs a young man, Cobden was a successful commercial traveller who became co-owner of a highly profitable calico printing factory in Sabden but lived in Manchester, a city with which he would become strongly identified. However, he soon found himself more engaged in politics, and his travels convinced him of the virtues of free trade (anti-protection) as the key to better international relations.\nIn 1838, he and John Bright founded the Anti-Corn Law League, aimed at abolishing the unpopular Corn Laws, which protected landowners\u2019 interests by levying taxes on imported wheat, thus raising the price of bread. As a Member of Parliament from 1841, he fought against opposition from the Peel ministry, and abolition was achieved in 1846.\n\nAnother free trade initiative was the Cobden-Chevalier Treaty of 1860, promoting closer interdependence between Britain and France. This campaign was conducted in collaboration with John Bright and French economist Michel Chevalier, and succeeded despite Parliament's endemic mistrust of the French.", "Q134969": "R.E.M. was an American rock band from Athens, Georgia, formed in 1980 by drummer Bill Berry, guitarist Peter Buck, bassist Mike Mills, and lead vocalist Michael Stipe. Additionally, many liner notes from the band's albums list attorney Bertis Downs and manager Jefferson Holt as non-musical members. One of the first alternative rock bands, R.E.M. was noted for Buck's ringing, arpeggiated guitar style, Stipe's distinctive vocal quality, unique stage presence and obscure lyrics, Mills's melodic basslines and backing vocals, and Berry's tight, economical drumming, and backing vocals of his own. In the early 1990s, other alternative rock acts such as Nirvana and Pavement viewed R.E.M. as a pioneer of the genre. After Berry left the band in 1997, through some changes in musical style to include electronic music and pop rock sounds, the band continued its career in the 2000s with mixed critical and commercial success. The band broke up amicably in 2011 with members devoting time on solo projects despite having sold more than 85 million records worldwide and becoming one of the world's best-selling music artists.\nR.E.M. released its first single, \"Radio Free Europe\", in 1981 on the independent record label Hib-Tone. It was followed by the Chronic Town EP in 1982, the band's first release on I.R.S. Records. In 1983, the group released its critically acclaimed debut album, Murmur, and built its reputation over the next few years through subsequent releases each year from 1984 to 1988: Reckoning, Fables of the Reconstruction, Lifes Rich Pageant, Document and Green, including an intermittent b-side compilation Dead Letter Office. With constant touring, and the support of college radio, following years of underground success, R.E.M. achieved a mainstream hit with the 1987 single \"The One I Love\". The group signed to Warner Bros. Records in 1988, and began to espouse political and environmental concerns while playing large arenas worldwide.\nR.E.M.'s most commercially successful albums, Out of Time (1991) and Automatic for the People (1992), brought it to the vanguard of alternative rock just as it was becoming mainstream. Out of Time received seven nominations at the 34th Annual Grammy Awards, and lead single \"Losing My Religion\", was R.E.M.'s highest-charting and best-selling hit. R.E.M.'s 1994 album Monster continued its run of success. The band began its first tour in six years to support the album; the tour was marred by medical emergencies suffered by three of the band members. In 1996, R.E.M. re-signed with Warner Bros. for a reported US$80 million, at the time the most expensive recording contract in history. The tour however was productive and the band recorded the following album mostly on soundchecks. The resulting record, New Adventures in Hi-Fi (1996) is hailed as the band's last great album and members' favourite one, growing in cult status in the years following its release. Berry left the band the following year, and Stipe, Buck, and Mills continued as a trio.\nAfter the electronic experimental direction of Up (1998) that was commercially unsuccessful, Reveal (2001) was referred as \"a conscious return to their classic sound\" which received general acclaim. In 2007, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in its first year of eligibility. In order to \"redeem themselves\" after the lukewarm reception of Around the Sun (2004), the band released the well-received albums Accelerate (2008) and Collapse into Now (2011). R.E.M. disbanded amicably in September 2011, with former members having continued with various musical projects, and several live and archival albums have been released.", "Q1780538": "Georg Andreas Bull (26 March 1829 \u2013 1 February 1917) was a Norwegian architect and chief building inspector in Christiania (now Oslo) for forty years. He was among the leading architects in the country, and left his mark on Norwegian building history both as a creative architect, and through his measurement studies and archeological research.", "Q230209": "Elizabeth Egan Gillies (born July 26, 1993) is an American actress and singer. Gillies made her Broadway debut at age 15 in the musical 13, playing the character of Lucy. She made her first television appearance in The Black Donnellys (2007), and made her acting debut when she played Jade West in the Nickelodeon series Victorious (2010\u20132013). She had a main role in the FX comedy series Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll (2015\u20132016), and since 2017, Gillies has starred as Fallon Carrington in The CW's series Dynasty, a reboot of the 1980s series of the same name. She has also appeared in various feature and television films, including the horror film Animal (2014), the television film Killing Daddy (2014), the comedy film Vacation (2015), and the black comedy thriller film Arizona (2018).\nGillies made her debut as a singer on Victorious with the single \"Give It Up\" in 2011, singing alongside Ariana Grande. She released other singles while on the show, including \"You Don\u2019t Know Me\" and \"Take a Hint\", singing alongside Victoria Justice, both songs being part of the Victorious soundtrack albums.", "Q2213391": "Croydon is a large town in south London, England, 9.4 miles (15.1 km) south of Charing Cross. The principal settlement in the London Borough of Croydon, it is one of the largest commercial districts outside Central London, with an extensive shopping district and night-time economy. The entire town had a population of 192,064 as of 2011, whilst the wider borough had a population of 384,837.\nHistorically part of the hundred of Wallington in the county of Surrey, at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church, a mill, and around 365 inhabitants, as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. Croydon expanded in the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production, leather tanning and brewing. The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world's first public railway. Later nineteenth century railway building facilitated Croydon's growth as a commuter town for London. By the early 20th century, Croydon was an important industrial area, known for car manufacture, metal working and Croydon Airport. In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and the service economy, brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift Centre, the largest shopping centre in Greater London until 2008. Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965.\nCroydon lies on a transport corridor between central London and the south coast of England, to the north of two high gaps in the North Downs, one taken by the A23 Brighton Road and the main railway line through Purley and Merstham and the other by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange. Road traffic is diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre, mostly consisting of North End. East Croydon is a major hub of the national railway transport system, with frequent fast services to central London, Brighton and the south coast. The town is also at the centre of the only tramway system in southern England.\n\n", "Q68034": "Paul Maximilian Lamoral, Prince of Thurn and Taxis, full German name: Paul Maximilian Lamoral F\u00fcrst von Thurn und Taxis; 27 May 1843, Castle Donaustauf near Regensburg \u2013 10 March 1879 Cannes, France, was the third child of Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and his second wife Princess Mathilde Sophie of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg. He was buried in Cannes, at the Cimeti\u00e8re du Grand Jas, All\u00e9e du Silence no. 33 under the name of Paul de Fels. First biography: Sylvia Alph\u00e9us, Lothar Jegensdorf: F\u00fcrst Paul von Thurn und Taxis. Ein eigensinni9ges Leben. M\u00fcnchen: Allitera. 2017.", "Q292870": "Michelle Bauer (born October 1, 1958) is an American B-movie actress, model, and scream queen.", "Q67307": "Ernetschwil is a former municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Rieden and Ernetschwil merged into the municipality of Gommiswald.", "Q142627": "Jules Van den Heuvel (16 November 1854 \u2013 22 October 1926) was a Roman Catholic politician from Ghent in Belgium.He also made his mark as a university lecturer in public law and, more generally, as an academic. Between 1915 and 1918 Van den Heuvel served as his war ravaged country's diplomatic representative to the Holy See.\n\n", "Q325610": "Will Sanders (born 1965) is a classical horn player, conductor, and music school professor.", "Q78227": "Doctor Eug\u00e8ne Ricklin (1862 \u2013 4 September 1935) was a popular Alsatian politician known for his fiery opposition both to German and French assimilationist policies in Alsace.", "Q592381": "Duval Clear (born December 4, 1966), known better by his stage name Masta Ace, is an American rapper and record producer from Brownsville, Brooklyn. He appeared on the classic 1988 Juice Crew posse cut \"The Symphony\". He is noted for his distinct voice and rapping proficiency, and has influenced several MCs.\nIn 2000, he was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, but he did not reveal it to the public until 2013 , after first revealing his condition to his touring peers when his medicine syringes and vials were exposed after a police stop in the Czech Republic, as the group's belongings were searched and exposed.\n\n", "Q2086130": "Aaron Aaronsohn (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05e0\u05e1\u05d5\u05df\u200e) (21 May 1876 \u2013 15 May 1919) was a Jewish agronomist, botanist, and Zionist activist, who was born in Romania and lived most of his life in the Land of Israel, then part of the Ottoman Empire. Aaronsohn was the discoverer of emmer (Triticum dicoccoides), believed to be \"the mother of wheat.\"", "Q174381": "Humayun Rasheed Choudhury (11 November 1928 \u2013 10 July 2001) was a Bangladeshi career diplomat and Speaker of the Bangladesh National Parliament from 1996 to 2001. He was elected president of the 41st session of the UN General Assembly in 1986. He was awarded Independence Day Award in 2018 posthumously by the Government of Bangladesh.", "Q172928": "Pope Clement IV (Latin: Clemens IV; 23 November 1190 \u2013 29 November 1268), born Gui Foucois (Latin: Guido Falcodius; French: Guy de Foulques or Guy Foulques) and also known as Guy le Gros (French for \"Guy the Fat\"; Italian: Guido il Grosso), was bishop of Le Puy (1257\u20131260), archbishop of Narbonne (1259\u20131261), cardinal of Sabina (1261\u20131265), and bishop of Rome from 5 February 1265 until his death. His election as pope occurred at a conclave held at Perugia that lasted four months while cardinals argued over whether to call in Charles I of Anjou, the youngest brother of Louis IX of France, to carry on the papal war against the Hohenstaufens. Pope Clement was a patron of Thomas Aquinas and of Roger Bacon, encouraging Bacon in the writing of his Opus Majus, which included important treatises on optics and the scientific method.", "Q987305": "Frank Herbert's Dune is a three-part science fiction television miniseries based on the eponymous novel by Frank Herbert. It was directed and adapted by John Harrison. The ensemble cast includes Alec Newman as Paul Atreides, William Hurt as Duke Leto, and Saskia Reeves as Jessica, as well as James Watson, P. H. Moriarty, Robert Russell, Ian McNeice, and Giancarlo Giannini.\nThe series was produced by New Amsterdam Entertainment, Blixa Film Produktion and Hallmark Entertainment. It was first broadcast in the United States on December 3, 2000, on the Sci Fi Channel. It was later released on DVD in 2001, with an extended director's cut appearing in 2002.A 2003 sequel miniseries called Frank Herbert's Children of Dune continues the story, adapting the second and third novels in the series (1969's Dune Messiah and its 1976 sequel Children of Dune). Both miniseries are two of the three highest-rated programs ever to be broadcast on the Sci Fi Channel.\nFrank Herbert's Dune won two Emmy Awards in 2001 for Outstanding Cinematography and Outstanding Special Visual Effects in a miniseries or movie, and was nominated for a third Emmy for Outstanding Sound Editing. The series was also praised by several critics, including Kim Newman.The miniseries was shot in Univisium (2.00:1) aspect ratio, although it was broadcast in 1.78:1.", "Q1966498": "Nathan Cole (July 26, 1825 \u2013 March 4, 1904) was a nineteenth-century politician, merchant and businessman from Missouri.\nBorn in St. Louis, Missouri, Cole attended common schools as a child and later took a partial course at Shurtleff College. He engaged in mercantile pursuits in St. Louis, was a director of the Bank of Commerce for forty-three years, most of which time he was also vice president of the bank, and was a director in a number of insurance and other corporations. Cole served as Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri from 1869 to 1871, was president of the Merchants' Exchange in 1876 and was elected a Republican to the United States House of Representatives in 1876, serving from 1877 to 1879, being unsuccessful for re-election in 1878. Afterward, he resumed his former business activities in St. Louis until his death there on March 4, 1904. He was interred in Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis.\nHis son, Nathan Cole Jr., was one of the founders of the Los Angeles Times, in 1881.", "Q3379261": "Philippe Augier (born September 3, 1949 in Paris) is a French politician. He is a member of the New Centre.\nBorn in Paris and raised in Colombes (Hauts-de-Seine), he spent his holidays at the Houyvet family mansion in Le Molay-Littry in Calvados. Philippe Augier became an early supporter of Val\u00e9ry Giscard d'Estaing in the aftermath of the events of May 1968. He became the leader of the Giscardian youth organization in 1971.\nInfluenced by a trip to the United States during the 1972 election, he led the Young Giscardians in the 1974 presidential campaign. Its candidate elected to the Elys\u00e9e, he left the presidency of the Young Independent Republicans to Dominique Bussereau and the General Secretariat to Jean-Pierre Raffarin to become national secretary of the Independent Republicans, along with Michel d'Ornano and Michel Poniatowski, and ran against RPR deputy Daniel Goulet in the Orne in the 1981 election.\nHaving abandoned politics in the 1970s and 1980s to join the French Agency for the sale of thoroughbreds, Philippe Augier became a member of the municipal council of Deauville in 1995 as a member of the UDF. He took the reins of the town in 2001, succeeding Anne d'Ornano with almost 70% of the vote.\nStaunch supporter of the reunification of Normandy, he was the UDF's top candidate in the 2004 regional elections in Basse-Normandie. He won 9.26% and was reluctant to endorse the incumbent UMP President, Ren\u00e9 Garrec. Many in the UMP blamed him for the defeat of Garrec by Socialist candidate Philippe Duron.\nOriginally the UDF candidate in the Calvados' 4th constituency against incumbent deputy Nicole Ameline, he dropped out after the defeat of UDF candidate Fran\u00e7ois Bayrou in the presidential election. Reelected Mayor of Deauville with 78.2% of votes in the first round, he became president of the C\u0153ur C\u00f4te Fleurie Communaut\u00e9 de communes.\nAlways close to Anne d'Ornano, he originally remained outside the right-wing parties, while cultivating friendships with the MoDem, New Centre and the UMP, and was entrusted by Nicolas Sarkozy the task of writing a report on national cultural and sporting events.\nIn July 2009, he was appointed to be the New Centre's top candidate in the 2010 regional elections in Basse-Normandie. Originally, he was favoured to be endorsed by the UMP but was dropped in favour of Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Le Grand.", "Q95185": "Kerstin Andreae (born 21 October 1968) is a German politician of Alliance '90/The Greens who served as Member of the Bundestag from 2002 to 2019. Since leaving politics, she has been serving as managing director of the German Association of Energy and Water Industries (BDEW).", "Q363889": "Raymond Oliver (1909\u20131990) was chef and owner of Le Grand V\u00e9four restaurant in Paris, one of France's great historical restaurants. Oliver detested nouvelle cuisine, preferring the rich ingredients favored by the chefs in his native Gascony.\nOliver, who was born in Langon in the Bordeaux region of France, was the son and grandson of cooks. His maternal grandmother gave him his first instruction in cooking as a boy, and he began his apprenticeship as a chef under his father at the age of 15.\nFor more than 35 years, he was the owner of Le Grand Vefour on the Rue de Beaujolais in the Palais-Royal district. His celebrity clientele ranged from statesmen like Winston Churchill and Andre Malraux, to writers including Albert Camus and Georges Simenon, to the industrialists and financiers Henry Ford and David Rockefeller. The Aga Khan, and Prince Rainier and Princess Grace of Monaco were among his appreciative clients, as were Jean Cocteau and Colette.\nDuring World War II, Oliver operated a hotel in the French Alps, organized a Resistance cell, and hid Allied airmen who had been shot down on bombing missions. He sheltered an 11-man American bomber crew until the liberation and was later decorated by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower. In 1948, he purchased Le Grand Vefour, a restaurant dating to 1784. Six years after Oliver bought the restaurant, it was awarded the prized third star by the Michelin Guide (France's atlas to good dining), one of only a handful of kitchens that were so honored at that time.\nOliver published La Cuisine, a detailed technical cookbook, in 1967 and hosted a popular cooking show on television. He also served as one of the eleven judges at the Judgment of Paris.", "Q632825": "Albert Lee Smith Jr. (August 31, 1931 \u2013 August 12, 1997) was an Alabama politician who represented the 6th district in the United States House of Representatives during the 97th Congress (1981\u20131983).", "Q102217": "Vitebsk, or Viciebsk (Belarusian: \u0412\u0456\u0301\u0446\u0435\u0431\u0441\u043a, \u0141acinka: Viciebsk, pronounced [\u02c8v\u02b2its\u02b2epsk]; Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0431\u0441\u043a, pronounced [\u02c8v\u02b2it\u02b2\u026apsk]), is a city in Belarus. The capital of the Vitebsk Region, it has 366,299 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth-largest city. It is served by Vitebsk Vostochny Airport and Vitebsk Air Base.", "Q144242": "The Prussian Staff College, also Prussian War College (German: Preu\u00dfische Kriegsakademie) was the highest military facility of the Kingdom of Prussia to educate, train, and develop general staff officers.", "Q422442": "Doxycycline is an antibiotic used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and certain parasites. It is used to treat bacterial pneumonia, acne, chlamydia infections, early Lyme disease, cholera, typhus, and syphilis. It is also used to prevent malaria and in combination with quinine, to treat malaria. Doxycycline can be used either by mouth or by injection into a vein.Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and an increased risk of sunburn. Use after the first trimester of pregnancy or in young children may result in permanent problems with the teeth including changes in their colour. Its use during breastfeeding is probably safe. Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, of the tetracycline class. Like other agents of this class, it either slows or kills bacteria by inhibiting protein production. It kills malaria by targeting a plastid organelle, the apicoplast.Doxycycline was patented in 1957 and came into commercial use in 1967. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. Doxycycline is available as a generic medicine and is generally inexpensive. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between US$0.01 and US$0.04 per pill. In the United States, ten days of treatment has a wholesale costs of about US$3.40 as of 2019. However, in 2014, due to supply issues, it was being sold for as much as US$60.00\u2013200.00 for that amount. In 2017, it was the 113th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than six million prescriptions.", "Q1148669": "Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (born 17 November 1952) is a South African politician and the fifth and current President of South Africa. Previously an anti-apartheid activist, trade union leader and businessman, Ramaphosa served as the Deputy President of South Africa from 2014 to 2018. He was later elected President of the African National Congress (ANC) at the ANC National Conference in December 2017. Ramaphosa is the former Chairman of the National Planning Commission, which is responsible for strategic planning for the future of the country, with the goal of rallying South Africa \"around a common set of objectives and priorities to drive development over the longer term\". Ramaphosa was elected president by the National Assembly to his first full term on May 22 following the ANC's victory in the 2019 South African general election. In 2020, Ramaphosa began serving as Chairperson of the African Union.He has been called a skillful negotiator and strategist who acted as the ANC's Chief Negotiator during South Africa's transition to democracy. Ramaphosa built up the biggest and most powerful trade union in the country \u2013 the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM). He played a crucial role, with Roelf Meyer of the National Party, during the negotiations to bring about a peaceful end to apartheid and steer the country towards its first fully democratic elections in April 1994. Ramaphosa was Nelson Mandela's choice for future president. Ramaphosa is well known as a businessman, and his estimated net worth is over R6.4 billion ($450 million) as of 2018, with 31 properties and previously-held notable ownership in companies such as McDonald's South Africa, chair of the board for MTN and member of the board for Lonmin.\nDespite his credentials as an important proponent of his country's peaceful transition to democracy, he has also been criticised for the conduct of his business interests although he has never been indicted for illegal activity in any of these controversies. Controversial business dealings include his joint venture with Glencore and allegations of benefitting illegally from coal deals with Eskom which he has staunchly denied, during which Glencore was in the public spotlight for its tendentious business activities involving Tony Blair in the Middle East; his son, Andile Ramaphosa, has also been found to have accepted payments totalling R2 million from Bosasa, the security company implicated in corruption and state capture by the Zondo commission; and his employment on the board of directors of Lonmin while taking an active stance when the Marikana Massacre took place on Lonmin's Marikana premises. On 15 August 2012 he called for action against the Marikana miners' strike, which he called \"dastardly criminal\" conduct that needed \"concomitant action\" to be taken. He later admitted and regretted his involvement in the act and said that it could have been avoided if contingency plans had been made prior to the labour strike.\n\n", "Q840882": "Klaxons were an English band, based in London. Following the release of several 7-inch singles on different independent record labels, as well as the success of previous singles \"Magick\" and \"Golden Skans\", the band released their debut album, Myths of the Near Future on 29 January 2007. The album won the 2007 Nationwide Mercury Prize. After playing festivals and headlining tours worldwide (including the NME Indie Rave Tour) during late 2006\u201307, the band started working on their follow-up album in July 2007. Klaxons' second album, Surfing the Void, was released on 23 August 2010. Their third album, Love Frequency, was released on 16 June 2014.The band have been on indefinite hiatus since 2014.", "Q68020": "Hiltrud Breyer (born 22 August 1957) is a German politician and former Member of the European Parliament with the German Green Party, part of the European Greens and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality and its Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety.\nShe is a substitute for the Committee on Legal Affairs, substitute for the Delegation to the EU-Romania Joint Parliamentary Committee.", "Q432889": "Alana Evans (born July 6, 1976) is an American pornographic actress. She is sometimes credited as Jenna Talia (a pun on the word genitalia\u2014she hated the alias so much that she changed back to \"Alana Evans\" after two films). In 2015, Evans was inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame.", "Q257286": "Meagan Monique Good (born August 8, 1981) is an American actress. Beginning her career very early, Good has appeared in numerous television shows, films, and music videos.\nIn 2011, Good featured in an ensemble cast of the successful film version of Think Like a Man. She played Joanna Locasto, the lead character on the NBC drama series Deception. She starred in the 2013 comedy Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues as well as starring in the horror films Venom (2005), One Missed Call (2008), Saw V (2008), The Unborn (2009) and DC Comics' Shazam! (2019).", "Q84088": "Nizar Rayan (Arabic: \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u200e, N\u0269z\u00e1r R\u0251\u020b\u00e1n, also transliterated Rayyan; 6 March 1959 \u2013 1 January 2009) was a high ranking Hamas leader who served as a liaison between the Palestinian organization's political leadership and its military wing. Also a professor of Islamic law, he became a top Islamic cleric within Hamas after the death of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin in 2004. Rayan was a strong promoter between 1994 and 2004 of suicide bombings on Israel, and his son killed himself on one such mission. Rayan and most of his family were killed in an Israeli airstrike during the Gaza War.\n\n", "Q104666": "Esther von Kirchbach, (n\u00e9e von Carlowitz; 26 May 1894 \u2013 19 February 1946) was a German journalist, poet and chaplain of the Confessing Church.", "Q268076": "Morgan Lily Jane Gross (born April 11, 2000) is an American actress and fashion model. She started modeling internationally at the age of four years and appeared in more than 21 television commercials, and many photo shoots before her role in Henry Poole Is Here as Millie Stupek. Lily had supporting roles in He's Just Not That Into You, as Matthew Gray Gubler's daughter in The Ugly Life Of A Beautiful Girl. Her most notable role has been as Lilly Curtis in the apocalyptic film 2012. She acted as young Julianna Baker in the film Flipped based on the novel with the same name by Wendelin van Draanen and as young Raven Darkh\u00f6lme in X-Men: First Class and X-Men: Days of Future Past. Morgan co-starred as Missy in the Hallmark Channel's film Love's Everlasting Courage. Her most recent work includes Cooties.", "Q511922": "Danville is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States, located on the fall line of the Dan River. It was a major center of Confederate activity during the Civil War, due to its strategic location on the Richmond and Danville Railroad, and today is principal city of the Danville, Virginia Micropolitan Statistical Area.\nAs of the 2010 census, the population was 43,055. It is bounded by Pittsylvania County, Virginia and Caswell County, North Carolina. It hosts the Danville Braves baseball club of the Appalachian League.", "Q270639": "John Campbell McTiernan Jr. (born January 8, 1951) is an American filmmaker. He is best known for his action films, especially Predator (1987), Die Hard (1988), and The Hunt for Red October (1990). His later well-known films include the action-comedy-fantasy film Last Action Hero (1993), the action film sequel Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995), the heist film-remake The Thomas Crown Affair (1999), and The 13th Warrior (1999). His last completed feature film was the mystery-thriller Basic, released in 2003.\nHe pleaded guilty to perjury and lying to an FBI investigator in regard to his hiring of the private investigator Anthony Pellicano in late 2000 to illegally wiretap the phone calls of two people, one of whom was Charles Roven, a co-producer of his dystopian science-fiction action film remake Rollerball (2002). He was incarcerated in federal prison from April 2013 to February 2014. During his imprisonment, he filed for bankruptcy amidst foreclosure proceedings for his ranch residence.", "Q181678": "Hans Lundgren (born 3 November 1957), better known as Dolph Lundgren (, Swedish: [\u02c8d\u0254l\u02d0f \u02c8l\u0275\u030cn\u02d0d\u0261re\u02d0n] (listen)), is a Swedish actor, filmmaker, martial artist and chemical engineer. Lundgren's breakthrough came in 1985, when he starred in Rocky IV as the imposing Soviet Union boxer Ivan Drago. Since then, he has starred in more than 40 films, almost all of them in the action genre.\nLundgren received a degree in chemical engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology in the early 1980s and a master's degree in chemical engineering from the University of Sydney in 1982. He holds the rank of 3rd dan black belt in Kyokushin karate and was European champion in 1980\u201381. While in Sydney, he became a bodyguard for Jamaican singer Grace Jones and began a relationship with her. He received a Fulbright scholarship to MIT and moved to Boston. Jones convinced him to leave the university and move to New York City to be with her and begin acting, where, after a short stint as a model and bouncer at the Manhattan nightclub The Limelight, Lundgren got a small debut role as a KGB henchman in the James Bond film A View to a Kill.\nAfter appearing in Rocky IV, Lundgren portrayed He-Man in the 1987 science fantasy film Masters of the Universe, Lt. Rachenko in Red Scorpion (1988) and Frank Castle in the 1989 film The Punisher. Throughout the 1990s he appeared in films such as I Come in Peace (1990), Cover-Up (1991), Showdown in Little Tokyo (1991), Universal Soldier film series (1992, 2009, 2012), Joshua Tree (1993), Pentathlon (1994), Men of War (1994), Johnny Mnemonic (1995), The Shooter (1995), Silent Trigger (1996), The Peacekeeper (1997), and Blackjack (1998). In 2004 he directed his first film, The Defender, and subsequently directed The Mechanik (2005), Missionary Man (2007), Command Performance (2009), and Icarus (2010), also starring in all of them.\nAfter a long spell performing in direct-to-video films since 1995, Lundgren returned to Hollywood in 2010 with the role of Gunnar Jensen in The Expendables, alongside Sylvester Stallone and an all-action star cast. He reprised his role in The Expendables 2 (2012) and The Expendables 3 (2014). Also in 2014, he co-starred in Skin Trade, an action thriller about human trafficking he co-wrote and produced. The film marks his third collaboration with Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, the previous two being Showdown in Little Tokyo (1991) and Bridge of Dragons (1999). He reprised his role of Ivan Drago in Creed II (2018), and is due to reprise his role as Gunner Jensen in The Expendables 4 (2020). He appears in Sharknado 5: Global Swarming (2017), playing the protagonist's son Gil as an adult, and in Aquaman (2018), playing the father of Mera. He also had a recurring role in the fifth season of Arrow (2012\u2013present), playing antagonist Konstantin Kovar.", "Q1333277": "Vladimir Andreyevich Artemyev (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0432) (July 6 [O.S. June 24] 1885 in Saint Petersburg - September 11, 1962 in Moscow) was a Soviet Russian rocket scientist at the Gas Dynamics Laboratory. He was one of the inventors of the Katyusha. The first rocket propelled by smokeless trotyl-pyroxylin powder was launched under his direction in 1928.", "Q505957": "Edgar Willmar Froese (6 June 1944 \u2013 20 January 2015) was a German artist and electronic music pioneer, best known for founding the electronic music group Tangerine Dream in 1967. Froese was the only continuous member of the group until his death. Although his solo and group recordings prior to 2003 name him as \"Edgar Froese\", his solo albums from 2003 onwards bear the name \"Edgar W. Froese\".", "Q25120": "Pier Paolo Pasolini (Italian: [\u02ccpj\u025br \u02c8pa\u02d0olo pazo\u02c8li\u02d0ni]; 5 March 1922 \u2013 2 November 1975) was an Italian film director, poet, writer, and intellectual, who also distinguished himself as an actor, journalist, novelist, playwright, and political figure. He remains a controversial personality in Italy due to his blunt style and the focus of some of his works on taboo sexual matters. He was an established major figure in European literature and cinematic arts. His murder prompted an outcry in Italy and its circumstances continue to be a matter of heated debate.", "Q100400": "Tamara Ehlert, aka Tamara Traumann (28 December 1921 \u2013 8 September 2008) was a German writer and lyricist. \nShe was born in K\u00f6nigsberg, and trained in theatre and dance. During the Second World War she worked as a telephone and radio operator. She worked as an interpreter for the British occupation government after the war. From 1951 onwards, she was employed by the Bayerischer Rundfunk.\nHer first publication was in the K\u00f6nigsberger Tageblatt in 1938, and after 1945 her poems and short stories were regularly in print. She died in Munich, aged 86.\n[1]", "Q87581": "Caspar Schoppe (27 May 1576 \u2013 19 November 1649) was a German controversialist and scholar.", "Q310867": "Sanjay Balraj Dutt is an Indian actor, author and film producer who works in Hindi films. He is the recipient of several awards, including two Filmfare Awards and three Screen Awards. Dutt has appeared in 187 films, ranging from romance to comedy genres, but is usually typecasted in action genres.\nThe son of actors Sunil Dutt and Nargis, Dutt made his acting debut in Rocky (1981), which was directed by his father. The crime thriller Naam (1985) proved to be a turning point in his career, which was followed by a series of commercially successful films in that decade, including Jeete Hain Shaan Se (1988), Mardon Wali Baat (1988), Ilaaka (1989), Hum Bhi Insaan Hain (1989) and Kanoon Apna Apna (1989). He earned nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for Saajan (1991) and Khalnayak (1993). Dutt earned his first Best Actor at the ceremony for playing a common man-turned-gangster in Vaastav: The Reality (1999). Along with Vaastav: The Reality, he also won accolades for playing an army officer in Mission Kashmir (2001), a soft-hearted goofy gangster in Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. (2003) and its sequel Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006).\nDutt was arrested under the TADA and the Arms Act in April 1993 and was convicted for violation of Arms Act for possession of illegal weapons procured from other accused in the 1993 Bombay bombings. After serving his sentence, he was released in 2016. Dutt's life receives considerable media coverage in India, and in 2018, Sanju, a biopic based on his life (which also saw a special appearance by him), was released to positive reviews and emerged as one of the highest-grossers of Indian cinema.", "Q73366": "Heinrich Khunrath (c. 1560 \u2013 9 September 1605), or Dr. Henricus Khunrath as he was also called, was a German physician, hermetic philosopher, and alchemist. Frances Yates considered him to be a link between the philosophy of John Dee and Rosicrucianism.\n\n", "Q65504": "Hermann Kesten (28 January 1900 \u2013 3 May 1996) was a German novelist and dramatist. He was one of the principal literary figures of the New Objectivity movement in 1920s Germany.\nThe literary prize Hermann Kesten Medal has been given in his honor since 1985.", "Q338133": "Siege is an American hardcore punk band from Weymouth, Massachusetts. Formed in 1981, they were active in the Boston hardcore scene from 1984 to 1985, and reunited briefly in 1991. Guitarist Kurt Habelt and drummer Rob Williams reformed the band in 2016.\nIn its original incarnation, Siege paired extremely fast tempos with vocalist Kevin Mahoney's screeches and growls in their intense style of hardcore. Though little known at the time, the band has posthumously become revered by punk and heavy metal fans worldwide and is now regarded as one of the pioneers of the grindcore and powerviolence subgenres. Subsequent musicians have cited the group as a major influence, including the British grindcore band Napalm Death and the American thrashcore band Dropdead, whose band name was the title of Siege's six-song demo tape.", "Q275741": "Sonia Petrovna (name also credited as Petrova and Petrowa) (born 13 January 1952) is a French dancer and actress (film, television and theatre). Petrovna was born in Paris, from between the age of 6 and 14 she studied dance at the Paris Opera Ballet (Ballet de l'Op\u00e9ra de Paris) and on the initial invitation of Roland Petit went on to appear in various ballet productions. Her most famous early acting roles were those of Vanina Abati in La prima notte di quiete acting alongside leading French actor Alain Delon and as Princess Sofia in Ludwig alongside leading actors Helmut Berger, John Moulder Brown and Romy Schneider, both in 1972.", "Q184700": "Zehra \u00c7\u0131rak (Istanbul, 1960) is a Turkish-German writer. \nShe moved to Germany with her family when she was three years old and she has lived in Berlin since 1982. She started publishing in the magazine Flugf\u00e4nger.", "Q713141": "Barrie James (\"B. J.\") Wilson (18 March 1947 \u2013 8 October 1990) was an English rock drummer. He was best known as a member of Procol Harum for the majority of their original career from 1967 to 1977.", "Q328320": "Hostage is a 2005 American action thriller film produced by and starring Bruce Willis and directed by Florent Emilio Siri. The film was based on the novel of the same name by Robert Crais, and was adapted for the screen by Doug Richardson.\nThe film earned mixed to negative reviews and was not a financial success on its original release, earning only slightly more than its production costs.", "Q608575": "Lori Helene Berenson (born November 13, 1969) is an American convicted felon, who served a 20-year prison sentence for collaboration with a terrorist organization in Peru in 1996. Berenson worked with the T\u00fapac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), a group accused of trying to overthrow the Peruvian government by force, and is considered a terrorist organization by the Peruvian government. The MRTA was placed on the U.S. State Department's official \"terrorist organization\" list from 1997\u20132001. Her arrest and conviction, and the circumstances surrounding her trials, drew considerable attention in both the United States and Peru.\nAfter securing press credentials for herself and a photographer, and after visiting Peru's Congress to interview some of its members and attend sessions where she took notes and sketched a seating plan, Berenson was arrested on a public bus along with the photographer. Her photographer turned out to be the wife of a top MRTA leader, a fact which Berenson stated she was unaware of at that time. The MRTA is alleged to have intended to use the information to seize lawmakers and exchange the hostages for imprisoned MRTA members. The house she rented in Lima was found to contain an arsenal of weapons and ammunition, together with armed guerrillas who violently resisted capture. She denied knowing of the presence of either the weaponry or the guerrillas, and she also denied knowing that the documents she prepared would be used for terrorism. In 2011 she admitted that she had known that her associates were MRTA members and she said: \"It might not have been intentional, but the bottom line is: I did collaborate with them.\" In the same interview she maintained that she had not been aware that weapons were being amassed in the upper floors of her house which she had sublet to the MRTA members, and she also maintained that she was unaware that violent actions were being planned at the Congress, stating that \"at that time in Fujimori's dictatorship, Congress was the only place that there was some sort of democratic process.\"Shortly after her arrest, she made an angry statement, alleging that the MRTA was not a terrorist group, but was instead a revolutionary movement.After she was tried in 1996 by a military tribunal with a hooded judge and sentenced to life imprisonment, Berenson became \"a cause celebre for human rights campaigners and a symbol for leftwing social activists around the world\", except in Peru, where parties and newspapers across the political spectrum condemned her actions, and criticized the unwillingness of European and American media, even progressive ones, to apply the label 'terrorist' to first world citizens. Although publicly known judges had previously been killed in Peru by the MRTA, other elements of her trial were considered to be both violations of human rights and lacking in impartiality, provoking controversy in the United States and other countries. In particular, she was allegedly denied the right to examine the government's evidence and witnesses. She was convicted of treason and sentenced to life in prison without parole. In 2000, following a change of government in Peru, her conviction was overturned and she received a new trial. She was found guilty of collaboration with terrorism and sentenced to 20 years in prison. She served 15 years, and was granted conditional release in May 2010. In August 2010, an appeals court ordered that Berenson be rearrested and required to serve out the remainder of her sentence. On November 5, 2010, a Peruvian judge ordered that she be released from prison. While on parole, she was required to remain in Peru until her sentence ended. In December 2015, after completing her sentence, Berenson returned to New York to live with her family.", "Q75717": "Valentin Ernst L\u00f6scher (born at Sondershausen 29 December 1673; died at Dresden 12 December 1749) was a German orthodox Lutheran theologian.\nAt the University of Wittenberg, where his father was professor of theology, he gave his attention mainly to philology and history, but out of respect to his father's wish he selected a theological subject for his master's dissertation, in which he opposed the Pietistic position. Subsequent study at Jena aroused his interest in church history. During travels undertaken at this time he formed the acquaintance of a number of influential anti-Pietistic theologians. In 1696 he began to lecture at Wittenberg on the origin of Deism and Pietism. After serving as superintendent at J\u00fcterbog (1698-1701) and Delitzsch (1701-07) and professor of theology at Wittenberg (1707\u201309), he became pastor of the Kreuzkirche and superintendent in Dresden. Here he remained the rest of his life. His practical duties here turned his attention more particularly to the needs of the Church. His orthodoxy did not prevent him from admitting the truth of the claims of the Pietists concerning the prevailing perfunctoriness of religious life, which he ascribed to the negligence of orthodox pastors. He at once took earnest measures to encourage a deeper spiritual life in the Church. He had already begun the publication of his Unschuldige Nachrichten von alten und neuen theologischen Sachen (Wittenberg and Leipzig, 1701 sqq.), the first theological periodical. The comprehensive scope and able management of the magazine gave it great importance. Through it L\u00f6scher became the leader of the orthodox party, as opposed to the Pietistic and naturalistic factions in the Lutheran Church, and the representative of scientific Lutheran theology.\nIn opposition to the proposal that Pietism should be considered the best means of promoting the union of the Lutheran and the Reformed Churches (advocated at the time by the Prussian Government), L\u00f6scher published several works, including Ausf\u00fchrliche Historia motuum zwischen den Evangelisch-Lutherischen und Reformierten (3 parts, Frankfort, 1707\u201308). In the course of a controversy with the Pietist Joachim Lange, L\u00f6scher defended orthodoxy in his Praenotiones et notiones theologicae (Wittenberg, 1708). However, his most comprehensive criticism of Pietism appeared in his magazine under the title Timotheus Verinus, in which work he held that the Pietists had a false conception of the relation between piety and religion and that their zeal for piety placed them in opposition to the doctrine of justification by faith. The work inspired a bitter reply from his Pietistic opponents, which called forth from L\u00f6scher his greatest work, Vollst\u00e4ndiger Timotheus Verinus (2 parts, Wittenberg, 1718-22. Eng. transl., The Complete Timotheus Verinus 1998, Northwestern Publishing House). In this he discusses the origin and rapid development of Pietism and elaborates upon its evils. Nevertheless, he was unable to check the advance of Pietism or even to pass a true judgment upon the real significance of the movement. The importance of L\u00f6scher's part in the Pietistic controversy was not fully recognized until the return to Evangelical doctrine in the nineteenth century.\nL\u00f6scher took an active part also in the controversy which at that time was being waged against the Roman Catholic Church in Dresden and contributed a number of studies to that cause, notably his Vollst\u00e4ndige Reformations-Akta und Documenta (3 vols., Leipzig, 1720\u201329). He also opposed Wolff's system of philosophy, claiming that \"philosophical indifferentism\" portended a revolution in Christianity.", "Q106071": "Andreas Bourani (n\u00e9 Stiegelmair; born 2 November 1983) is a German singer-songwriter.", "Q120908": "Heinrich Federer (6 October 1866 \u2013 29 April 1928) was a Swiss writer and Catholic priest.", "Q485825": "Simple Plan is a Canadian rock band from Montreal, Quebec formed in 1999. Since 2000, the band's lineup has consisted of Pierre Bouvier (lead vocals), Chuck Comeau (drums), Jeff Stinco (lead guitar), S\u00e9bastien Lefebvre (rhythm guitar, backing vocals), and David Desrosiers (bass guitar, backing vocals). The band has released five studio albums: No Pads, No Helmets...Just Balls (2002), Still Not Getting Any... (2004), Simple Plan (2008), Get Your Heart On! (2011), and Taking One for the Team (2016). The band has also released an EP titled Get Your Heart On \u2013 The Second Coming! (2013), in addition to two live albums: Live in Japan 2002 (2003) and MTV Hard Rock Live (2005).\nThe band performed at the Vans Warped Tour every year from 1999 to 2005, and in 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018. The band also performed at the 2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony, along with The X Factor Australia. In December 2012, the band performed at Mood Indigo, the college festival of IIT Bombay in Mumbai, India. In 2004, the band participated in the movie New York Minute, starring the Olsen twins, Mary-Kate and Ashley. Simple Plan also performed at the 2016 NHL Winter Classic.", "Q1000605": "\u00c1rp\u00e1d Ferenczy (1877-c. 1933) was a legal writer, law professor and Buddhist monk.\nHe studied law until 1901, later a librarian at the Parliamentary Library. From 1902 he taught law in S\u00e1rospatak. From 1903 he was a university professor at Kolozsv\u00e1r and then from 1909 in Budapest. During his legal literary operation, he first wrote about international law. In his public work, he was a proponent of civil democracy, studying some English legal institutions. During World War I, he was a war correspondent in the Western Theater, then traveled to India and Ceylon. He came to Buddhist faith, and then he became a member of the Church as a monk.", "Q327775": "Nya hyss av Emil i L\u00f6nneberga is a 1972 Swedish film, the second of three films about the Emil i L\u00f6nneberga by Astrid Lindgren.", "Q436351": "Hannah Rose Hodson (born September 10, 1991) is an American actress, journalist and poet. She played Camille Hawthorne daughter of Jada Pinkett-Smith's character Christina in the 2009 TNT television drama series Hawthorne.", "Q116504": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Leuba (July 16, 1934 \u2013 October 22, 2004) was a Swiss lawyer and jurist. He belonged to the Liberal Party of Switzerland and served as President of the National Council of Switzerland in 1995/1996.", "Q1094716": "Claiborne de Borda Pell (November 22, 1918 \u2013 January 1, 2009) was an American career politician and writer who served as a U.S. Senator from Rhode Island for six terms from 1961 to 1997. He was the sponsor of the 1972 bill that reformed the Basic Educational Opportunity Grant, which provides financial aid funding to American college students; the grant was later given Pell's name in honor of his work in education legislation. A member of the Democratic Party, Pell is the longest serving U.S. Senator from Rhode Island.", "Q705045": "Arsis is an American extreme metal band from Virginia Beach, Virginia, formed in 2000. The band is currently signed to Nuclear Blast.", "Q274339": "Gwendolen Mary John (22 June 1876 \u2013 18 September 1939) was a Welsh artist who worked in France for most of her career. Her paintings, mainly portraits of anonymous female sitters, are rendered in a range of closely related tones. Although she was overshadowed during her lifetime by her brother Augustus John and her lover Auguste Rodin, her reputation has grown steadily since her death.", "Q492381": "EXID (; Korean: \uc774\uc5d1\uc2a4\uc544\uc774\ub514; short for \"Exceed in Dreaming\"), is a South Korean girl group formed in 2012. The group currently consists of five members: Solji, LE, Hani, Hyelin and Jeonghwa. EXID debuted in February 2012, with the single \"Whoz That Girl\". Though the album gained some attention, it was not until 2014 that the group unexpectedly gained popularity with the single \"Up & Down\", which reached number one on the Gaon Singles Chart four months after release due to a fan-recording of a live performance becoming a viral video. EXID released their second EP Ah Yeah in April 2015, to commercial success. They followed this with their first studio album Street (2016) and the EPs Eclipse and Full Moon (2017).", "Q715256": "Frank Riley (1915\u20131996) was the pseudonym of Frank Rhylick, an American science fiction author best known for co-writing (with Mark Clifton) the novel They'd Rather Be Right, which won a Hugo Award for Best Novel during 1955. He was a syndicated travel columnist and editor for the Los Angeles Times, and editor of the Los Angeles Magazine. He also wrote advertisements for See's Candies, screenplays, short fiction such as the \"Father Anton Dymek\" mysteries and was a host of a radio program in the Los Angeles area.\nFrom Frank Riley's obituary in the Los Angeles Times, April 30, 1996:\nAs travel editor of Los Angeles magazine and an award-winning contributor to several other publications, Riley traveled the world and frequently wrote with his wife of nearly 60 years, Elfriede. In 1976, the couple walked and biked the 800 miles of the 1776 De Anza expedition from Mexico to San Francisco and wrote the resulting book, \"De Anza's Trail Today.\"\nBorn in Hibbing, Minnesota, Riley grew up in Wausau, Wis., and attended college in Ripon, Wis. He began his career as a reporter for the New York Daily News, eventually covering the White House.\nHe served in the Merchant Marine during World War II and after the war moved his family to Manhattan Beach.\nIn addition to his wife, Riley is survived by a son, Peter; daughter, Anne; sister, Dorothy, and four grandsons.", "Q182417": "Yuriy Fedorovych Kravchenko (Ukrainian: \u042e\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; March 5, 1951 \u2013 March 4, 2005) was a Ukrainian General of Internal Service and statesman, serving as the country's Minister of Internal Affairs (1995\u20142001). In 2000, while he was serving as the Minister of Internal Affairs, Kravchenko became directly involved in the murder case of Georgiy Gongadze and the subsequent \"Cassette Scandal.\" Kravechenko later was the governor of the Kherson Oblast (2001\u20142002) and Head of the State Tax Administration of Ukraine (2002\u20142003).", "Q534234": "Persia Jessica White (born October 25, 1972) is an American actress, singer and musician. White is perhaps best known for her role as Lynn Searcy on the sitcom Girlfriends which originally aired from 2000 until 2008. White is also a member of the industrial rock band XEO3 and a solo singer, who released her debut album Mecca in 2009.", "Q235403": "Ana Mar\u00eda Matute Ausejo (26 July 1925 \u2013 25 June 2014) was an internationally acclaimed Spanish writer and member of the Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola. In 1959, she received the Premio Nadal for Primera memoria. The third woman to receive the Cervantes Prize for her literary oeuvre, she is considered one of the foremost novelists of the posguerra, the period immediately following the Spanish Civil War.", "Q971493": "Nathaniel Parker Willis (January 20, 1806 \u2013 January 20, 1867), also known as N. P. Willis, was an American author, poet and editor who worked with several notable American writers including Edgar Allan Poe and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. He became the highest-paid magazine writer of his day. His brother was the composer Richard Storrs Willis and his sister Sara wrote under the name Fanny Fern. Harriet Jacobs wrote her autobiography while being employed as his children's nurse.\nBorn in Portland, Maine, Willis came from a family of publishers. His grandfather Nathaniel Willis owned newspapers in Massachusetts and Virginia, and his father Nathaniel Willis was the founder of Youth's Companion, the first newspaper specifically for children. Willis developed an interest in literature while attending Yale College and began publishing poetry. After graduation, he worked as an overseas correspondent for the New York Mirror. He eventually moved to New York and began to build his literary reputation. Working with multiple publications, he was earning about $100 per article and between $5,000 and $10,000 per year. In 1846, he started his own publication, the Home Journal, which was eventually renamed Town & Country. Shortly after, Willis moved to a home on the Hudson River where he lived a semi-retired life until his death in 1867.\nWillis embedded his own personality into his writing and addressed his readers personally, specifically in his travel writings, so that his reputation was built in part because of his character. Critics, including his sister in her novel Ruth Hall, occasionally described him as being effeminate and Europeanized. Willis also published several poems, tales, and a play. Despite his intense popularity for a time, at his death Willis was nearly forgotten.", "Q122879": "Hannelore Hoger (August 20, 1942 - 7 January 2020) was a German actress and director. From 1958-1961 she studied acting at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater Hamburg. She has appeared in numerous German films, television programs, and stage productions for the last five decades.", "Q49950": "George William Samuel Abbey (born August 21, 1932) is a former director of the Johnson Space Center (JSC) and Fellow in Space Policy at the Baker Institute of Rice University.", "Q433229": "Kimberly Ann Caldwell (born February 25, 1982) is an American singer, actress and television hostess, from Katy, Texas who was the seventh place finalist on the second season of American Idol. She used to work as an entertainment correspondent and hosted various shows on the TV Guide Network. She released her debut album Without Regret on April 19, 2011.", "Q210873": "Leave Her to Heaven is a 1945 American film noir, shot in Technicolor, starring Gene Tierney, Cornel Wilde, Jeanne Crain, with Vincent Price, Darryl Hickman, Ray Collins, and Chill Wills. The story was adapted for the screen by Jo Swerling from the best selling novel of the same name by Ben Ames Williams and directed by John M. Stahl.\nThe story (told in an extended flashback that constitutes the bulk of the film) revolves around a femme fatale who entraps a husband and commits several crimes motivated by her insane jealousy over everything concerning him. Tierney received an Oscar nomination as Best Actress. The film grossed over $5,000,000, Fox's highest-grossing picture of the 1940s.\nThe film's title is drawn from William Shakespeare's Hamlet. In Act I, Scene V, the Ghost urges Hamlet not to seek vengeance against Queen Gertrude, but rather to \"leave her to heaven, and to those thorns that in her bosom lodge to prick and sting her.\"\nIn 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"\n\n", "Q913570": "Pierre Bourgeade (7 November 1927 \u2013 12 March 2009) was a French man of letters, playwright, poet, writer, director, journalist, literary critic and photographer. A descendant of Jean Racine, he was also the brother-in-law of the writer Paule Constant.", "Q152346": "Filippo Antonio Pasquale de' Paoli (Italian: [fi\u02c8lippo an\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0njo pa\u02c8skwa\u02d0le de \u02c8pa\u02d0oli]; French: Pascal Paoli; 6 April 1725 \u2013 5 February 1807) was a Corsican patriot, statesman and military leader who was at the forefront of resistance movements against the Genoese and later French rule in the island. He became the president of the Executive Council of the General Diet of the People of Corsica, and also designed and wrote the Constitution of the state.\nThe Corsican Republic was a representative democracy asserting that the elected Diet of Corsican representatives had no master. Paoli held his office by election and not by appointment. It made him commander-in-chief of the armed forces as well as chief magistrate. Paoli's government claimed the same jurisdiction as the Republic of Genoa. In terms of de facto exercise of power, the Genoese held the coastal cities, which they could defend from their citadels, but the Corsican republic controlled the rest of the island from Corte, its capital.Following the French conquest of Corsica in 1768, Paoli oversaw the Corsican resistance. Following the defeat of Corsican forces at the Battle of Ponte Novu he was forced into exile in Britain where he was a celebrated figure. He returned after the French Revolution, of which he was initially supportive. He later broke with the revolutionaries and helped to create the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom which lasted between 1794 and 1796. After the island was re-occupied by France he again went into exile in Britain where he died in 1807.", "Q231665": "Belladonna (born Michelle Anne Sinclair; May 21, 1981) is an American actress, director, producer, and model. She was a pornographic actress until she announced her retirement from the industry in 2008. Since retiring from pornography, she has acted in several films, including Inherent Vice and The Ladies of the House.", "Q68746": "Benno von Arent (19 July 1898 \u2013 14 October 1956) was a German film director, artist, architect, designer and a member of the Nazi Party and SS.\n\n", "Q241382": "Jeanna Vladimirovna Friske (Russian: \u0416\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0424\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435; born Jeanna Vladimirovna Kopylova; 8 July 1974 \u2013 15 June 2015), better known by the stage name Zhanna Friske, was a Russian actress, singer and model. She was a member of the girl group Blestyashchiye.", "Q71217": "Theodor Duesterberg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8dy\u02d0st\u0250b\u025b\u0281k]; October 19, 1875 \u2013 November 4, 1950) was a leader of Der Stahlhelm in Germany prior to the Nazi seizure of power.", "Q237214": "Lesley Ann Warren (born August 16, 1946) is an American actress and singer. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1982 film Victor/Victoria. She is also an Emmy Award nominee and five-time Golden Globe Award nominee, winning the Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Drama Series for the 1977 NBC miniseries Harold Robbins' 79 Park Avenue.\nWarren made her Broadway debut in 1963, and her television debut in Cinderella in 1965. She appeared in episode 2 of The Carol Burnett Show in 1967. Her film debut was in The Happiest Millionaire in 1967, the last movie Walt Disney worked on before his death. Her other film appearances include Clue (1985), Burglar (1987), Cop (1988), Pure Country (1992), Color of Night (1994), and Secretary (2002). She has also appeared in numerous television shows, including Mission: Impossible, Desperate Housewives, Will & Grace, and In Plain Sight.", "Q55389": "Maciej Kozlowski (8 September 1957 \u2013 11 May 2010) was a Polish actor, mostly known for his roles in Kingsajz, Psy, Kiler, With Fire and Sword and Schindler's List and the TV series M jak mi\u0142o\u015b\u0107. \nKozlowski was born in Kargowa, and was a graduate of the National Film School in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a. He also played as a defender in the Polish Artists Football Team. He died in Warsaw, aged 52; the cause of death was cirrhosis of the liver caused by hepatitis C virus. His funeral was attended by: Daniel Olbrychski, Bogus\u0142aw Linda, Zbigniew Zamachowski, Piotr Zelt, Micha\u0142 Milowicz, Ma\u0142gorzata Ko\u017cuchowska, Gra\u017cyna Wolszczak, Tomasz Karolak, Wiktor Zborowski, Marian Opania, Olaf Lubaszenko, Jan Englert, Robert Wi\u0119ckiewicz, Micha\u0142 \u017bebrowski, Artur \u017bmijewski.", "Q15975": "Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Br\u00e8de et de Montesquieu (; French: [m\u0254\u0303t\u025bskj\u00f8]; 18 January 1689 \u2013 10 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, man of letters, and political philosopher.\nHe is the principal source of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world. He is also known for doing more than any other author to secure the place of the word \"despotism\" in the political lexicon. His anonymously-published The Spirit of Law in 1748, which was received well in both Great Britain and the American colonies, influenced the Founding Fathers in drafting the United States Constitution.", "Q75059": "Andr\u00e9 Bellessort (19 March 1866 in Laval, Mayenne \u2013 22 January 1942 in Paris) was a French writer.", "Q234735": "Meudon (French pronunciation: [m\u00f8d\u0254\u0303] (listen)) is a municipality in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is in the d\u00e9partement of Hauts-de-Seine. It is located 9.1 km (5.7 mi) from the center of Paris.", "Q8817": "Gaius Valgius Rufus, was a Roman senator, and a contemporary of Horace and Maecenas. He succeeded Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus as suffect consul upon the latter's death in 12 BC. Rufus is best known as a writer of elegies and epigrams, and his contemporaries believed him capable of great things in epic writing. The author of the panegyric on Messalla Corvinus compared Rufus as the equal of Homer.Rufus did not confine himself to poetry. He discussed grammatical questions by correspondence, translated the rhetorical manual of his teacher Apollodorus of Pergamon, and began a treatise on medicinal plants, dedicated to Augustus. Horace addressed to him the ninth ode of the second book of his poems.", "Q16673213": "Rosemary's Baby is a 2014 two-part, four-hour television miniseries adaptation of Ira Levin's best-selling horror novel of the same name. Zoe Saldana stars in the NBC production that is directed by Agnieszka Holland. Unlike earlier versions, it is set in Paris rather than New York. The work was not well received by critics, many of whom said that it was stretched to fill two two-hour timeslots. Although there are several notable changes, this miniseries is considered to be a faithful updating of the original film adaptation.", "Q72736": "Jan Sosniok (born 14 March 1968 in Gummersbach) is a German actor.\nHis career began with a role in the German daily soap Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten. Sosniok plays in TV-films and sometimes he takes theatre-roles. \nHe is well known for his role in the television series Berlin, Berlin as Sven.", "Q320032": "The Secret of the Sahara is an Italian television miniseries directed by Alberto Negrin and broadcast in 1988 in four episodes of approximately 90 minutes each. A version comprising seven approximately 50-minute episodes also exists. Produced by RAI, ZDF, Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola e TF1, a condensed version was later shown in cinemas. It takes its main inspiration from the books of Emilio Salgari with some elements from Pierre Beno\u00eet's Atlantis.", "Q14390274": "Tango is a style of music in 24 or 44 time that originated among European immigrant populations of Argentina and Uruguay (collectively, the \"Rioplatenses\"). It is traditionally played on a solo guitar, guitar duo, or an ensemble, known as the orquesta t\u00edpica, which includes at least two violins, flute, piano, double bass, and at least two bandone\u00f3ns. Sometimes guitars and a clarinet join the ensemble. Tango may be purely instrumental or may include a vocalist. Tango music and dance have become popular throughout the world.", "Q118501": "Javier Manterola Armis\u00e9n (born 1936, Pamplona) is a Spanish civil engineer and professor at the Escuela Superior de Ingenieros de Madrid. Manterola is particularly known for his work as a bridge designer of the engineering firm Carlos Fern\u00e1ndez Casado. Author of numerous and varied projects, in collaboration with different Spanish architects as Rafael Moneo, has won over his professional career several awards such as the Premio Pr\u00edncipe de Viana de la Cultura. He is a member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.", "Q360416": "Sini\u0161a Glava\u0161evi\u0107 (4 November 1960 \u2013 20 November 1991) was a Croatian reporter who was killed by Serbian paramilitaries following the Battle of Vukovar.", "Q281830": "Disgrace is a 2008 Australian film based on J. M. Coetzee's novel of the same name. It was adapted for the screen by Anna Maria Monticelli and directed by her husband Steve Jacobs. Starring American actor John Malkovich and South African newcomer Jessica Haines, it tells the story of a South African university professor in the post-apartheid era who moves to his daughter's Eastern Cape farm when his affair with a student costs him his position. It received generally positive reviews.", "Q462728": "Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n (born January 1, 1966) is a Turkish journalist and writer. The co-founder of the news website odatv, he was arrested in February 2011 along with other odatv journalists and charged with links to the Ergenekon organization. He was released pending trial in December 2012.", "Q164804": "Underworld is a 2003 action horror film directed by Len Wiseman and written by Danny McBride, based on a story by McBride, Kevin Grevioux, and Wiseman. The film centers on the secret history of vampires and lycans (an abbreviated form of lycanthrope, which means werewolf). It is the first (chronologically, the second) installment in the Underworld franchise. The main plot revolves around Selene (Kate Beckinsale), a vampire Death Dealer hunting Lycans. She finds herself attracted to a human, Michael Corvin (Scott Speedman), who is being targeted by the Lycans. After Michael is bitten by a Lycan, Selene must decide whether to do her duty and kill him or go against her clan and save him. Alongside Beckinsale and Speedman, the film stars Michael Sheen, Shane Brolly, and Bill Nighy.\nAn international co-production between companies from the United Kingdom, Germany, Hungary, and the United States, the film was released on September 19, 2003. Upon its release, the film received generally negative reviews from critics, but a smaller number of reviewers praised elements such as the film's stylish Gothic visuals, the \"icy English composure\" in Kate Beckinsale's performance, and the extensively worked-out vampire\u2013werewolf mythology that serves as the film's backstory. A surprise hit, the film grossed $95 million against a production budget of $22 million. The film was followed by Underworld: Evolution, released three years later, and by three other films.", "Q303833": "House by the River is a 1950 American crime film noir directed by Fritz Lang and starring Louis Hayward, Lee Bowman and Jane Wyatt.", "Q95813": "Thea Dorn (pseudonym; Christiane Scherer, born 23 July 1970) is a German writer of crime fiction and TV host. She lives and works in Berlin.\nBorn in Offenbach am Main, Dorn was initially trained as a singer, and later studied philosophy and theatrical sciences in Frankfurt and Berlin. She graduated (Magistra) in philosophy with a work on self-deception. She worked as scientific assistant at the Free University of Berlin, then as dramaturge and writer at the Staatstheater Hannover. Thea Dorn's pseudonym alludes to Theodor Adorno, whose works she read and found hard to understand. (See the interview on Adorno.) After receiving her M. A. in philosophy, she became a freelance writer.\nIn 1995 she released her first book, Berliner Aufkl\u00e4rung, for which she received the Marlowe Prize. For her third book, Die Hirnk\u00f6nigin, she received the German Crime Fiction Prize 2000. The same year she wrote the theatrical piece Marleni, a staged meeting of Marlene Dietrich and Leni Riefenstahl. This drama premiered on 15 January 2000 in Hamburg at the Deutsches Schauspielhaus.\nIn 2003 she wrote the script to the episode Der schwarze Troll (lit. The black troll) of the German TV series Tatort. The next year, with the book Die Brut, she left the genre of crime fiction and concentrated on characterisations of the milieu. {WP:OR}?\nBeginning with 2003 together with Dirk Sch\u00fcmer she was host of the TV show Sch\u00fcmer und Dorn \u2013 Der B\u00fcchertalk, broadcast by S\u00fcdwest-Rundfunk. Since 2004 she hosts the TV show Literatur im Foyer, presenting new books and talking to writers.\nShe lives in Berlin, has a brother and parents.", "Q103647": "Erivan K. Haub (29 September 1932 \u2013 6 March 2018) was a German billionaire businessman, and the managing director and part owner of Tengelmann Group, one of Germany's largest retailers.", "Q294583": "Samuel Shepard Rogers III (November 5, 1943 \u2013 July 27, 2017), known professionally as Sam Shepard, was an American actor, playwright, author, screenwriter, and director whose career spanned half a century. He won ten Obie Awards for writing and directing, the most won by any writer or director. He wrote 44 plays as well as several books of short stories, essays, and memoirs. Shepard received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1979 for his play Buried Child and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of pilot Chuck Yeager in the 1983 film The Right Stuff. He received the PEN/Laura Pels Theater Award as a master American dramatist in 2009. New York magazine described Shepard as \"the greatest American playwright of his generation.\"Shepard's plays are known for their bleak, poetic, surrealist elements, black comedy, and rootless characters living on the outskirts of American society. His style evolved from the absurdism of his early off-off-Broadway work to the realism of later plays like Buried Child and Curse of the Starving Class.", "Q390097": "Cold Mountain is a 2003 epic war film written and directed by Anthony Minghella. The film is based on the bestselling 1997 novel of the same name by Charles Frazier. It stars Jude Law, Nicole Kidman, and Ren\u00e9e Zellweger with Eileen Atkins, Brendan Gleeson, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Natalie Portman, Jack White, Giovanni Ribisi, Donald Sutherland, and Ray Winstone in supporting roles. The film tells the story of a wounded deserter from the Confederate army close to the end of the American Civil War, who journeys home to reunite with the woman he loves. The film was a co-production of companies in Italy, Romania, the United Kingdom and the United States.\nCold Mountain was released theatrically on December 25, 2003 by Miramax Films. It became a critical and commercial success grossing over $173 million and receiving seven nominations at the 76th Academy Awards with Zellweger winning \nBest Supporting Actress.", "Q1586867": "John Francis Crowley (born April 7, 1967) is an American biotechnology executive and entrepreneur and the chairman and CEO of Amicus Therapeutics. He co-founded Novazyme Pharmaceuticals with William Canfield, which was later acquired by Genzyme Corporation, and founded Orexigen Therapeutics. In 2006, he was profiled in the book The Cure: How a Father Raised $100 Million \u2013 And Bucked the Medical Establishment \u2013 In a Quest to Save His Children by Geeta Anand. In 2010, Crowley released his memoir, Chasing Miracles: The Crowley Family Journey of Strength, Hope, and Joy. Crowley and his family were the inspiration for the movie Extraordinary Measures starring Harrison Ford and Brendan Fraser in 2010.", "Q66743": "Puducherry (), formerly known as Pondicherry (), is one of the 8 union territories of India. It was formed out of four territories of former French India, namely Pondich\u00e9ry (Pondicherry; now Puducherry), Karikal (Karaikal), Mah\u00e9 and Yanaon (Yanam), excluding Chandernagore. It is named after the largest district, Puducherry. Historically known as Pondicherry (P\u0101\u1e47\u1e6dicc\u0113ri), the territory changed its official name to Puducherry on 20 September 2006.The Union Territory of Puducherry lies in the southern part of the Indian Peninsula. The areas of Puducherry district and Karaikal district are bound by the state of Tamil Nadu, while Yanam district and Mah\u00e9 district are enclosed by the states of Andhra Pradesh and Kerala respectively. Puducherry is the 29th most populous and the third most densely populated of the states and union territories of India. It has a gross domestic product (GDP) of \u20b9210 billion (US$2.9 billion) and ranks 25th in India.", "Q122689": "Gunter \"Guy\" Stern (born January 14, 1922 in Hildesheim, Germany) is a German scholar of literature, primarily German and comparative.\n\n", "Q69470": "Max Friz (October 1, 1883\u2013June 9, 1966) was a German mechanical engineer specializing in engine design. He was the key contributor of engine design and innovation that led to the founding of Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) in 1917.", "Q717469": "Paolo Francesco Gregoletto (born September 14, 1985) is an American musician and songwriter who is best known as the bassist of the heavy metal band Trivium. Metal producer Colin Richardson called him the best bassist he has ever worked with.", "Q76550": "Susanne Lothar (15 November 1960 \u2013 21 July 2012) was a German film, television and stage actress.", "Q56680": "Atilla Ta\u015f (born 4 February 1975) is a Turkish singer.\n\n", "Q3942": "Aschaffenburg (German pronunciation: [a\u02c8\u0283afn\u0329b\u028a\u0250\u032fk] (listen)) is a town in northwest Bavaria, Germany. The town of Aschaffenburg is not considered part of the district of Aschaffenburg, but is the administrative seat.\nAschaffenburg belonged to the Archbishopric of Mainz for more than 800 years. The town is located at the westernmost border of Lower Franconia and separated from the central and eastern part of the Regierungsbezirk (administrative region) by the Spessart hills, whereas it opens towards the Rhine-Main plain in the west and north-west. Therefore, the inhabitants speak neither Bavarian nor East Franconian but rather a local version of Rhine Franconian.", "Q700115": "Lifeforce Records is a German heavy metal independent record label that specializes in metalcore and death metal. Their roster contains bands such as Confession, This or the Apocalypse, Omnium Gatherum and Last Leaf Down, and they have helped to launch the careers of bands who went on to larger labels, such as Heaven Shall Burn, Between the Buried and Me, Caliban and Trivium.\nWhile Lifeforce has signed and continues to sign both European and American artists, they announced in October 2002 that they were going to shift focus away from the latter following the breakup of Endthisday and Beyond the Sixth Seal, as well as Between the Buried and Me (who were at the time one of their most successful bands) leaving the label for Victory Records.", "Q186881": "Thirteen Old Donkeys (German: 13 kleine Esel und der Sonnenhof) is a 1958 West German comedy film directed by Hans Deppe and starring Hans Albers, Marianne Hoppe and Karin Dor. It was one of the final performances of the veteran star Albers.\nIt was made at the Wandsbek Studios by the Hamburg-based Real Film.", "Q76236": "The Lithuanian\u2013Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (LBSSR; Lithuanian: Lietuvos\u2013Baltarusijos Tarybin\u0117 Socialistin\u0117 Respublika; Belarusian: \u041b\u0456\u0442\u043e\u045e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u2013\u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0430\u0446\u044b\u044f\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0420\u044d\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430; Russian: \u041b\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u2013\u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0421\u0420; Polish: Litewsko\u2013Bia\u0142oruska Republika Radziecka) or Litbel (Lit-Bel) was a Soviet socialist republic that existed within the territories of modern Belarus and eastern Lithuania for approximately five months during 1919. It was created after the merger of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia. The republic was dissolved after the Polish Army took over its claimed territory of eastern Lithuania during the Polish\u2013Soviet War.", "Q559972": "Vance Oakley Packard (May 22, 1914 \u2013 December 12, 1996) was an American journalist and social critic. He was the author of several books, including The Hidden Persuaders, and The Naked Society. He was a critic of consumerism.", "Q266073": "Maria Dolores Torres Manzanera known as Maruja Torres (Barcelona, 16 March 1943) is a Spanish writer and journalist. She is a recipient of the Premio Planeta de Novela and the Premio Nadal.", "Q1359938": "Raymond John Barry (born March 14, 1939) is an American film, television, and stage actor.\n\n", "Q6422804": "Cementerio del Buceo is a cemetery in Montevideo, Uruguay. It was established in 1872.It is located in the barrio of Buceo, near the shores of the River Plate. Nearby is the British Cemetery.", "Q51689": "Plano ( PLAY-noh) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, located approximately 20 miles (32.2 km) north of downtown Dallas. The city of Plano is a part of the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. Plano lies mostly within Collin County, but includes a small portion that extends into Denton County.\nThe city is a hub for many corporate headquarters. Plano was also considered to be the safest city in the nation by Forbes in 2011.\n\n", "Q115743": "Matthias Alexander Kristian Zimmermann (* 6 May 1981 in Basel) is a writer, painter and new media artist from Switzerland.\n\n", "Q283799": "XXX (stylized as xXx and pronounced as Triple X) is a 2002 American action film directed by Rob Cohen, produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Rich Wilkes. The first installment in the XXX film series, the film stars Vin Diesel as Xander Cage, a thrill-seeking extreme sports enthusiast, stuntman and rebellious athlete-turned reluctant spy for the National Security Agency. Cage is sent on a dangerous mission to infiltrate a group of potential Russian terrorists in Central Europe. The film also stars Asia Argento, Marton Csokas and Samuel L. Jackson. Cohen, Moritz and Diesel had previously worked on The Fast and the Furious (2001) as director, producer and cast member respectively.\nThe film grossed $277.4 million worldwide and was followed by two sequels, State of the Union and Return of Xander Cage, released in 2005 and 2017, respectively.", "Q50597": "Mary Kathryn \"Heidi\" Heitkamp (; born October 30, 1955) is an American businesswoman, lawyer and politician who served as a United States senator from North Dakota from 2013 to 2019. A member of the North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party, she was the first woman elected to the U.S. Senate from North Dakota. She served as the 28th North Dakota Attorney General from 1992 to 2000 and as state tax commissioner from 1986 to 1992.\nHeitkamp ran for governor of North Dakota in 2000 and lost to Republican John Hoeven. She considered a bid for the Democratic nomination in the 2010 U.S. Senate election to replace retiring senator Byron Dorgan, but on March 3, 2010, she declined to run against Hoeven, who was ultimately elected.In November 2011 Heitkamp declared her candidacy to replace Kent Conrad as U.S. senator from North Dakota in the 2012 election. She narrowly defeated Republican congressman Rick Berg on November 6, 2012, in that year's closest Senate race. Heitkamp was North Dakota's second female senator, after Jocelyn Burdick, and the first woman to be elected to the Senate from that state. On November 6, 2018, Heitkamp was defeated in her bid for reelection by Republican congressman Kevin Cramer. Following her election defeat, Heitkamp became a CNBC contributor and a visiting fellow at the Institute of Politics at Harvard Kennedy School. In April 2019, with Senator Joe Donnelly of Indiana (who also lost reelection in 2018), she launched One Country Project, an organization aimed at helping Democrats reconnect with rural voters.", "Q125858": "Romaine Fielding (born William Grant Blandin, May 22, 1867 \u2013 December 15, 1927) was an American actor, screenwriter, and silent film director known for his dramatic westerns. He was also known as Royal A. Blandin.:142", "Q70647": "Savigny is a municipality in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Lavaux-Oron.", "Q29732": "Margaret Beryl Jones, Baroness Jones of Whitchurch (born 22 May 1955) is a British Labour Peer and previously a trade union official and Labour politician. She was Chair of the Labour Party from 2000 to 2001.\nJones was Director of Policy and Public Affairs of the trade union UNISON until 2006. In 1979 she became a regional official of National Union of Public Employees (NUPE), which merged into UNISON. She has a background as a housing campaigner and environmentalist as well as fighting low pay and discrimination at work. She was previously a trustee of Shelter and WRAP as well as being on the board of Circle Housing Group. She is currently a board member of Ombudsman Services; Chair of Rothamsted Enterprises; Development Board member of ClientEarth and President of Friends of the South Downs.\n\n", "Q113332": "Leopold Poetsch (or P\u00f6tsch) (18 November 1853 \u2013 16 October 1942) was an Austrian history teacher. He was a high school teacher of Adolf Hitler and Adolf Eichmann. He influenced the future leader's later views, specifically German nationalism.\nHe also took some distance from his former pupil, among other things since considering Hitler had become an enemy of Austria. (Eleonore Kandl: Hitlers \u00d6sterreichbild. Dissertation Wien 1963, S. 38. Zitiert nach Kl\u00f6sch, S. 40. = citation in German wiki for this info)\nHitler credits the determining factor of the entire rest of his future life to Leopold in his book Mein Kampf.", "Q4777034": "Antonio V\u00e1zquez Romero (born 23 November 1951, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain) is a Spanish airline executive. He is the Chairman of International Airlines Group since May 2010.Between 2009 and 2013 he was the Chairman and CEO of Iberia.", "Q747538": "Nikolay Ivanovich Novikov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432) (8 May [O.S. 27 April] 1744, Moscow Governorate \u2013 12 August [O.S. 31 July] 1818. Moscow Governorate) was a Russian writer and philanthropist most representative of his country's Enlightenment. Frequently considered to be the first Russian journalist, he aimed at advancing the cultural and educational level of the Russian public.\nNovikov belonged to the first generation of Russians that benefited from the creation of Moscow University in 1755. He took an active part in the Legislative Assembly of 1767, which sought to produce a new code of laws. Inspired by this kind of freethinking activity, he took over editing the Moscow Gazette and launched satirical journals, including Zhivopisets, patterned after The Tatler and The Spectator. His attacks on the existing social customs prompted jocund retorts from Catherine the Great, who even set her own journal called Vsyakaya vsyachina to comment on Novikov's articles.\nTogether with Johann Georg Schwarz, Ivan Lopukhin, and Semyon Gamaleya he brought martinism and rosicrucianism to Russia. By the 1780s, Novikov rose to the highest positions in Russian Freemasonry, which liberally funded his ambitious book-publishing ventures. Novikov's press produced a third part of contemporary Russian books and several newspapers. Novikov used his influence for various noble purposes, such as a large-scale project of promoting Shakespeare to the Russian public.\nWhen the French Revolution started, Catherine changed her attitude towards the likes of Novikov. His printing house was confiscated. Three years later, without a formal trial, he was incarcerated in the Shlisselburg Fortress for 15 years. Much of his printed material was pulped, including 1,000 copies of Edward Young's The Last Day (1713). Emperor Paul set Novikov free, but the latter was too scared and broken-hearted to resume his journalistic activities.", "Q674680": "The Sulzfluh is a mountain in the R\u00e4tikon range of the Alps, located on the border between Austria and Switzerland. The closest locality is St. Ant\u00f6nien, on the southern side.\nIt is well known by climbers and has a Via ferrata on the southern, Swiss face, in Graub\u00fcnden. There are a total of six known caves into the limestone mountain, with lengths between 800 and 3000 or more yards, with all entrances on the Eastern side, in Switzerland.The eastern side has a mountain path of grade T4, allowing non-climbers to reach the 2817 metre summit. This is part of a multi day walking route along the entire length of the R\u00e4tikon chain on the sunnier side, called \"Pr\u00e4ttigauer H\u00f6henweg\".", "Q107347": "Michael Freytag (born 4 May 1958 in Hamburg) is a German politician, jurist, former minister of finance of Hamburg and former chairman of the CDU Hamburg.", "Q1197223": "Storm of the Century, alternatively known as Stephen King's Storm of the Century, is a 1999 American horror television miniseries written by Stephen King and directed by Craig R. Baxley. Unlike many other King miniseries, Storm of the Century was not based upon a Stephen King novel\u2014King wrote it as a screenplay from the beginning. The screenplay was published in February 1999.", "Q195625": "George II R\u00e1k\u00f3czi (30 January 1621 \u2013 7 June 1660), was a Hungarian nobleman, Prince of Transylvania (1648-1660), the eldest son of George I and Zsuzsanna Lor\u00e1ntffy.Born in S\u00e1rospatak, Hungary, he was elected Prince of Transylvania during his father's lifetime (19 February 1642). On 3 February 1643, he married Sophia B\u00e1thory, who was required by his mother to convert from Roman Catholic to Calvinism. Their son was Francis I R\u00e1k\u00f3czi.\nOn ascending the throne (October 1648), his first thought was to realize his father's ambitions in Poland. With this object in view, he allied himself, in the beginning of 1649, with the Cossack hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and the hospodars of Moldavia and Wallachia, (Vasile Lupu and Matei Basarab), but took no action for several years. On 6 December 1656, by the Treaty of Radnot, he also allied with King Charles X Gustav of Sweden against King John II Casimir of Poland. R\u00e1k\u00f3czi was to seize the provinces of Lesser Poland and Mazovia, together with rich salt deposits in Wieliczka and Bochnia. In 1657, he invaded the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the third part of the Second Northern War (1655\u20131660), also known as The Deluge.\nIn late January 1657, R\u00e1k\u00f3czi's army of some 25,000 crossed the Carpathians near Krosno. The Transylvanians headed towards Medyka, where they were joined by some 10,000 Zaporozhian Cossacks under Anton Zdanovich. The Transylvanian-Cossack army approached Lwow, but failed to capture the fortified city. Then it headed westwards, to Krak\u00f3w. The march of the army was marked by numerous atrocities, destruction, and looting. R\u00e1k\u00f3czi captured and destroyed Dukla, Lesko, and Sanok, but failed to seize Przemy\u015bl, Krosno, and \u0141a\u0144cut. On 21 March 1657, R\u00e1k\u00f3czi entered Tarn\u00f3w, and seven days later reached Krak\u00f3w, which had already been under Swedish control.\nThe Swedish garrison of Krak\u00f3w was reinforced by 2,500 Transylvanians under J\u00e1nos Bethlen, while R\u00e1k\u00f3czi headed northwards. On 12 April, near \u0106miel\u00f3w, the Transylvanians joined the Swedish army under Charles X Gustav. The combined forces crossed the Vistula at Zawichost, on 19 April capturing Lublin. On 8 May the Swedish-Transylvanian army besieged Brzesc nad Bugiem, capturing it two days later. After the siege, R\u00e1k\u00f3czi's soldiers busied themselves with plundering and looting. Among others, the Transylvanians burned Bia\u0142a Podlaska and Bra\u0144sk.\nOn 20 May, news of the Dano-Swedish War reached Charles X Gustav and the king decided to march towards Swedish Pomerania, leaving Gustaf Otto Stenbock in charge. The army then marched towards Warsaw, burning the towns of Mielnik, Drohiczyn, Nur, Brok, and Pniewo. On 17 June, after a three-day siege, R\u00e1k\u00f3czi and Stenbock captured Warsaw.\nSwedish forces remained in Warsaw only for a few days, as on 22 June they left the city, marching to Szczecin, to join the war against Denmark. Since R\u00e1k\u00f3czi was well aware of the real quality of his army, he decided to abandon Warsaw as well, and head southeast. Following an order of Polish King John II Casimir Vasa, the Transylvanians were followed by a 10,000 strong mounted army of Stefan Czarniecki, supported by Lithuanians of Aleksander Hilary Po\u0142ubi\u0144ski and Austrian allies of Poland. At the same time, forces of Jerzy Lubomirski organized a revenge invasion of Transylvania, with widespread looting and destruction of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi's realm.\nOn 8 July 1657 in Lancut, Polish leaders decided to split their forces. Stefan Czarniecki was to follow R\u00e1k\u00f3czi, while Jerzy Lubomirski and Stanis\u0142aw \"Rewera\" Potocki were to cut the Transylvanians and Cossacks from crossing the border and escaping Poland. On 11 July Czarniecki partly destroyed the Transylvanian army in the Battle of Magier\u00f3w. On 16 July, the Polish armies united and on 20 July they defeated R\u00e1k\u00f3czi in the Battle of Czarny Ostr\u00f3w.\nAfter the defeat and subsequent retreat of his Cossack allies, R\u00e1k\u00f3czi withdrew towards the Podolian town of Miedzyboz, where he capitulated to Jerzy Lubomirski (23 July), promising to break his alliance with Sweden, abandon the cities of Krak\u00f3w and Brzesc Litewski, and pay a contribution in the total amount of over 4 million z\u0142otys. Polish commanders allowed his forces to march towards Transylvania, but on 26 July, R\u00e1k\u00f3czi was attacked by the Crimean Tatars, who at that time were allied with Poland-Lithuania. R\u00e1k\u00f3czi abandoned his army, leaving it in the hands of J\u00e1nos Kem\u00e9ny. The Transylvanian camp, located near Trembowla, was captured by the Tatars on 31 July. Some 500 were killed, and about 11,000 Transylvanians were captured and taken to the Crimea. As a result, R\u00e1k\u00f3czi's army ceased to exist.\nOn 3 November 1657, at the command of the Ottoman Empire (to which Transylvania was tributary), the Diet deposed him for undertaking an unauthorized war. But in January 1658 he was reinstated by a new session of the Diet at Medgyes. Again he was deposed by the Turkish Grand Vizier, and again reinstated as if nothing had happened. Finally the Turks invaded Transylvania, and R\u00e1k\u00f3czi died at Nagyv\u00e1rad of wounds received at the battle of Gil\u0103u (May 1660).", "Q264664": "Denis Urubko (Russian: \u0414\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0441 \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043a\u043e; 29 July 1973) is a Russian-Polish mountaineer. In 2009, as a citizen of Kazakhstan he became the 15th person to climb all 14 eight-thousanders and the 8th person to achieve the feat without the use of supplementary oxygen. He had Soviet citizenship, but after the dissolution of the Soviet Union he became a citizen of Kazakhstan, but renounced the citizenship in 2012. In 2013, he received Russian citizenship and in 12 February 2015 he received Polish citizenship.", "Q22667": "Rail transport or train transport is a means of transferring passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are located on tracks. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles run on a prepared flat surface, rail vehicles (rolling stock) are directionally guided by the tracks on which they run. Tracks usually consist of steel rails, installed on ties (sleepers) set in ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels, moves. Other variations are also possible, such as slab track. This is where the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface.\n\n \n\nRolling stock in a rail transport system generally encounters lower frictional resistance than rubber-tired road vehicles, so passenger and freight cars (carriages and wagons) can be coupled into longer trains. The operation is carried out by a railway company, providing transport between train stations or freight customer facilities. Power is provided by locomotives which either draw electric power from a railway electrification system or produce their own power, usually by diesel engines or, historically, steam engines. Most tracks are accompanied by a signalling system. Railways are a safe land transport system when compared to other forms of transport. Railway transport is capable of high levels of passenger and cargo utilization and energy efficiency, but is often less flexible and more capital-intensive than road transport, when lower traffic levels are considered.\nThe oldest known, man/animal-hauled railways date back to the 6th century BC in Corinth, Greece. Rail transport then commenced in mid 16th century in Germany in the form of horse-powered funiculars and wagonways. Modern rail transport commenced with the British development of the steam locomotives in the early 19th century. Thus the railway system in Great Britain is the oldest in the world. Built by George Stephenson and his son Robert's company Robert Stephenson and Company, the Locomotion No. 1 is the first steam locomotive to carry passengers on a public rail line, the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1825. George Stephenson also built the first public inter-city railway line in the world to use only the steam locomotives all the time, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway which opened in 1830. With steam engines, one could construct mainline railways, which were a key component of the Industrial Revolution. Also, railways reduced the costs of shipping, and allowed for fewer lost goods, compared with water transport, which faced occasional sinking of ships. The change from canals to railways allowed for \"national markets\" in which prices varied very little from city to city. The spread of the railway network and the use of railway timetables, led to the standardisation of time (railway time) in Britain based on Greenwich Mean Time. Prior to this, major towns and cities varied their local time relative to GMT. The invention and development of the railway in the United Kingdom was one of the most important technological inventions of the 19th century. The world's first underground railway, the Metropolitan Railway (part of the London Underground), opened in 1863.\nIn the 1880s, electrified trains were introduced, leading to electrification of tramways and rapid transit systems. Starting during the 1940s, the non-electrified railways in most countries had their steam locomotives replaced by diesel-electric locomotives, with the process being almost complete by the 2000s. During the 1960s, electrified high-speed railway systems were introduced in Japan and later in some other countries. Many countries are in the process of replacing diesel locomotives with electric locomotives, mainly due to environmental concerns, a notable example being Switzerland, which has completely electrified its network. Other forms of guided ground transport outside the traditional railway definitions, such as monorail or maglev, have been tried but have seen limited use.\nFollowing a decline after World War II due to competition from cars and airplanes, rail transport has had a revival in recent decades due to road congestion and rising fuel prices, as well as governments investing in rail as a means of reducing CO2 emissions in the context of concerns about global warming.", "Q1820397": "Kirk Leroy Miller professionally known as Leroy Miller (born February 19, 1965) is an American musician from Spokane, Washington.", "Q275769": "Jean Marie \"Jeff\" Donnell (July 10, 1921 \u2013 April 11, 1988) was an American film and television actress.", "Q204190": "Sleep Dealer is a 2008 futuristic science fiction film directed by Alex Rivera.\nSleep Dealer depicts a dystopian future to explore ways in which technology both oppresses and connects migrants. A fortified wall has ended unauthorized Mexico-US immigration, but migrant workers are replaced by robots, remotely controlled by the same class of would-be emigrants. Their life force is inevitably used up, and they are discarded without medical compensation.", "Q88842": "Tina Engel (born 6 April 1950) is a German actress. She has appeared in 50 films and television shows since 1975. She starred in the 1981 film The Boat Is Full, which was entered into the 31st Berlin International Film Festival, where it won a Silver Bear.", "Q62243": "Adolph Frank (January 20, 1834 \u2013 May 30, 1916) was a German chemist, engineer, and businessman. He is best known for having discovered uses of potash and creating the industry.\nAdolph Frank was born in the town of Kl\u00f6tze (now in Altmarkkreis Salzwedel in Altmark, Saxony-Anhalt. He was the son of a Jewish merchant, who\u2014like Frank's grandfather\u2014ran a general store. Frank studied the secondary school in Strelitz, now part of Neustrelitz, and then Jacobsohn School in Seesen. Then, he took up an apprenticeship as an apothecary in Osterburg, because he was interested in chemistry. From 1855 to 1857 he studied pharmacy, natural sciences and technology at the university in Berlin. In the same year he passed the examination to become an apothecary with a grade of 1 (the best possible grade in the German school system). In 1861 and 1862, he received his doctorate in chemistry from the university in G\u00f6ttingen with a work about the production of sugar. Before this, in 1858, he had already received his first patent while working for a sugar beet factory in Sta\u00dffurt. He received this patent for having discovered a way to clean beet juice with clay soaps. The emphasis of his work was on the use of potash as an artificial fertilizer.\nAfter 1860, he discovered and developed a deposit near Sta\u00dffurt and Leopoldshall, thus founding the industry. In 1861, he gained the patent on fertilizer on the basis of potassium chloride. A further invention of his was a method for the extraction of bromine from salt mines.\nHis work in the field of fertilizers led to the use of the fertilizer discovered by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas (German: Thomasmehl or English: Albert-Slag). Together with the German-Polish chemist Nikodem Caro, he developed the Frank-Caro process of extracting calcium cyanamide in 1899, which was the foundation of the nitrogen and calcium cyanamide fertilizer industry. In the same year those two and a few other businessmen founded Cyanidgesellschaft mbH, which would later become Bayrischen Stickstoff-Werke AG (BStW) in Trostberg.\nThe brown coloring of bottles, which is supposed to protect the content of the bottle from the effects of light, can also be attributed to him. He also researched the extraction of hydrogen for blimp together with Carl von Linde.\nHe was awarded the John Scott Medal of The Franklin Institute in 1893.", "Q379621": "M\u00f3ric J\u00f3kay de \u00c1sva ([\u02c8mo\u02d0r \u02c8jo\u02d0k\u0252i], known as M\u00f3r J\u00f3kai; 18 February 1825 \u2013 5 May 1904), outside Hungary also known as Maurus Jokai or Mauritius J\u00f3kai, was a Hungarian novelist, dramatist and revolutionary. He was active participant and a leading personality in the outbreak of Hungarian Liberal Revolution of 1848 in Pest. J\u00f3kai's romantic novels became very popular among the elite of Victorian era England; he was often compared to Dickens in the 19th century British press. One of his most famous fans and admirers was Queen Victoria herself.", "Q6184": "Plotius Tucca (fl. 35 BC) was a Roman poet and a friend of Virgil. He was in the circle of friends with Virgil and Maecenas, as indicated by Horace (Satires). According to Donatus's Life of Virgil, after Virgil's death, Plotius was one of two executors of Virgil's literary remains\u2014one of two who helped publish the Aeneid on Augustus's orders (the other being Varius Rufus).\nPlotius is known today only in connection with the poetry of Horace and Virgil.", "Q235359": "Luna Lauren V\u00e9lez (born November 2, 1964) is an American actress and the twin sister of actress Lorraine V\u00e9lez. Her most notable roles are as Mar\u00eda LaGuerta on Showtime's Dexter, Detective Nina Moreno on Fox's New York Undercover, Dr. Gloria Nathan on HBO's prison drama Oz, and Elena on ABC's comedy-drama Ugly Betty.", "Q2424996": "Thomas Joseph Robert Hughes (born 1943) is a Professor of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics and currently holds the Computational and Applied Mathematics Chair III at the Oden Institute at The University of Texas at Austin.\nHughes has been listed as an ISI Highly Cited Author in Engineering by the ISI Web of Knowledge, Thomson Scientific Company.A leading expert in computational mechanics, Hughes has received numerous academic distinctions and awards for his work. He is a research fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the American Academy of Mechanics, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the U.S. Association for Computational Mechanics (USACM), the International Association for Computational Mechanics (IACM), the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and has been elected as a foreign member of The Royal Society. He is a founder and past President of USACM and IACM, and past Chairman of the Applied Mechanics Division of ASME.\n\n", "Q468211": "Brina \u0160vigelj-M\u00e9rat (alias, Brina Svit; born May 31, 1954 in Ljubljana) is a Slovenian writer.\nShe studied French Philology and Comparative Literature at the University of Ljubljana, and she moved to Paris in 1980", "Q300490": "A Murder of Crows is a 1998 thriller film directed by Rowdy Herrington and starring Cuba Gooding Jr. and Tom Berenger.", "Q101722": "Jacob Mueller (March 9, 1822 \u2013 August 31, 1905) was an American politician who served as the tenth Lieutenant Governor of Ohio from 1872 to 1874.", "Q897658": "The Social Democratic Party of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarorsz\u00e1gi Szoci\u00e1ldemokrata P\u00e1rt, MSZDP) is a social democratic political party in Hungary. Historically, the party was dissolved during the occupation of Hungary by Nazi Germany (1944-1945) and the communist period of Hungary from 1948 to 1989, after being forced into a merger with the Communist Party. It worked legally for a short time during the Revolution of 1956.\nIt was a government party as a part of the K\u00e1rolyi Government (1918-1919), Berinkey Government, Peidl Government (1919), Interim National Assembly (1944-1945) and Dinny\u00e9s Government (1947-1948). It was reorganized after Hungary's transition from communism in 1989.\nMSZDP used to be a member of the Socialist International and the Party of European Socialists until 2020, when it was delisted from both due to inactivity.", "Q1026826": "\u00c1ngel Crespo (18 July 1926 in Alcolea de Calatrava, Province of Ciudad Real \u2013 12 December 1995 in Barcelona) was one of Spain's most significant poets and translators of the second half of the twentieth century.\nCrespo was the author of over thirty books of poetry. He also published over twenty books of translations (ranging from the work of Dante and Petrarch to that of Fernando Pessoa and Eug\u00e9nio de Andrade) and numerous works of literary criticism. One of Spain's most prestigious translation prizes, the Premio de Traducci\u00f3n \u00c1ngel Crespo, was named after him.\nCrespo was raised in the La Mancha region of Spain. Early in his career, he was associated with Carlos Edmundo de Ory and the Postism literary movement. He was labeled a traitor under Spain\u2019s Francoist State for signing a petition to protest the torture of miners in Asturias. Afterwards, he participated in clandestine antigovernment activities until he was eventually driven into exile. He lived with his wife, translator and professor Pilar G\u00f3mez Bedate, in various places including Sweden and Puerto Rico before returning to Spain in the 1980s.\nVictor Garc\u00eda de la Concha, professor at the University of Salamanca and Director of the Royal Spanish Academy, has written that \u201cfew Spanish poets of the last forty years have achieved a voice as vital and sustained as \u00c1ngel Crespo.\u201d His work is often surreal and manifests a deep engagement with nature and the classics. Some of his best work came in the aphorism and prose poem forms.\nIn 1993 he was awarded the Premio Nacional a la Obra de un Traductor.", "Q62257": "Michel Constantin (born Constantin Hokhloff, 13 July 1924 \u2013 29 August 2003) was a French film actor.", "Q120934": "Martin B\u00e4umle MP (born 3 June 1964, in Thalwil) is a Swiss scientist and politician. He has been the leader of the Green Liberal Party from 2007 to 2017, and holds the seat of Zurich.\n\n", "Q5487056": "Frank S. Hagney (20 March 1884 \u2013 25 June 1973) was an Australian actor.\nBorn in Sydney in 1884, Hagney appeared in more than 350 Hollywood films between 1919 and 1966. Most of his film roles were small and uncredited. Because of his tall and strong appearance, Hagney often played officers or henchmen. He is perhaps best-known as Mr. Potter's silent, wheelchair-pushing valet in Frank Capra's classic It's a Wonderful Life (1946). Hagney was also a guest star on more than 70 television programs such as The Cisco Kid, The Adventures of Kit Carson, The Lone Ranger, The Rifleman, Perry Mason, and Daniel Boone. In 1956 he appeared as a Townsman in an uncredited role in the TV western Cheyenne in the episode titled \"The Last Train West.\"\nHe starred in The Fighting Marine (1926) with Jack Anthony, Joe Bonomo and Walter Miller; The Fighting Sap (1924) with Bob Fleming, Hazel Keener, Wilfred Lucas and Fred Thomson; The Ghost in the Garret (1921), Ghost Town Gold (1936), Go Get 'Em Hutch (1922) with Richard R. Neil; Ride Him Cowboy (1932) with Eddie Gribbon and John Wayne, Valley of the Lawless (1936), and Vultures of the Sea (1928) with Joseph Bennett.His 42 silent films included The Battler (1919), The Breed of the Border (1924), The Dangerous Coward (1924), Galloping Gallagher (1924), Lighting Romance (1924), The Mask of Lopez (1924), The Silent Stranger (1924), The Wild Bull's Lair (1925), Lone Hand Saunders (1926) and The Two-Gun Man (1926). His 54 sound western film included The Phantom of the West (1931), Fighting Caravans (1931), The Squaw Man (1931), The Golden West (1932), Honor of the Range (1934), Western Frontier, Heroes of the Range (1936), Billy the Kid, The Lone Rider Rides On (1941), Blazing Frontier (1943) and The Wistful Widow of Wagon Gap (1947). His last two films were McLintock! (1963) and Come Blow Your Horn (1963).Hagney was married to Edna Shephard. He died in Los Angeles in 1973. He is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale.", "Q266067": "Laura Fraser (born 24 July 1976) is a Scottish actress. She has played Door in the urban fantasy series Neverwhere, Kate in the film A Knight's Tale, Cat MacKenzie in the drama series Lip Service and Lydia Rodarte-Quayle in the AMC crime drama series Breaking Bad and its spin-off Better Call Saul.", "Q66031": "Elia Levita (13 February 1469 \u2013 28 January 1549) (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5 \u05d1\u05df \u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e9\u05db\u05e0\u05d6\u05d9), also known as Elijah Levita, Elias Levita, \u00c9lie L\u00e9vita, Elia Levita Ashkenazi, Eliahu Levita, Eliyahu haBahur (\"Elijah the Bachelor\"), Elye Bokher, was a Renaissance Hebrew grammarian, scholar and poet. He was the author of the Bovo-Bukh (written in 1507\u20131508), the most popular chivalric romance written in Yiddish. Living for a decade in the house of Cardinal Egidio da Viterbo, he was also one of the foremost tutors of Christian notables in Hebrew and Jewish mysticism during the Renaissance.", "Q372760": "Adrian Mihai Cioroianu (born January 5, 1967, Craiova) is a Romanian historian, politician, journalist, and essayist. A lecturer for the History Department at the University of Bucharest, he is the author of several books dealing with Romanian history (and specifically with the history of Communist Romania). He is also noted for his contribution as co-author of a high school textbook.\nA member of the Group for Social Dialogue, he joined the National Liberal Party (PNL) and was elected to the Romanian Senate for Timi\u0219 County in 2004. Following the accession of Romania to the European Union (January 1, 2007), he served as a Member of the European Parliament in the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and a vice president of the ALDE group in the European Parliament. On April 5, 2007, Cioroianu became Foreign Affairs Minister in the second C\u0103lin Popescu T\u0103riceanu cabinet. On April 11, 2008 he announced his resignation, following a scandal involving the death of a Romanian citizen on hunger strike in Poland.\nA contributor to numerous newspapers and magazines (including Cotidianul, 22, Sfera Politicii, Lettre International, and Dosarele Istoriei), he has been a member of the editorial staff for Dilema Veche since 1998, and an editor for Gazeta Sporturilor since 2003. Between 2000 and 2004, Cioroianu has hosted several talk shows on television (for Pax TV, TVR 1, and Realitatea TV).\n\n", "Q69302": "Bauen is a municipality on Lake Lucerne in the Swiss canton of Uri.", "Q884142": "\"Blind Joe\" Reynolds (1900 or 1904 \u2013 March 10, 1968), was an American singer-songwriter and blues guitarist.\nReynolds is thought to have been born in Tallulah, Louisiana in 1904, although his death certificate states his birthplace as Arkansas in 1900. He was blinded by a shotgun blast to the face in Louisiana in the mid-late 1920s, which resulted in the physical loss of his eyes. Despite this handicap, Blind Joe became known for his distinctive bottleneck style as well as his reported accuracy with a pistol, with which it is said he could judge the position of a target by sound alone.Reynolds is known to have been polyamorous and somewhat misogynistic, as is apparent from a number of his recordings. He was also known to be outspoken and flamboyant, often using his music as a medium to attack society.\n\n", "Q334735": "Lilies of the Field is a 1963 film adapted by James Poe from the 1962 novel of the same name by William Edmund Barrett, and stars Sidney Poitier, Lilia Skala, Stanley Adams, and Dan Frazer. It was produced and directed by Ralph Nelson. The title comes from Matthew 6:27-33, a portion of the Sermon on the Mount, and its parallel scripture from Luke 12:27-30. It also features an early film score by prolific composer Jerry Goldsmith. The film was turned into a Broadway musical in 1970, retitled Look to the Lilies, with Shirley Booth in the role of Mother Maria Marthe.\nIt tells the story of an African American itinerant worker who encounters a group of East German nuns, who believe he has been sent to them by God to build them a new chapel.", "Q475526": "Charles Monselet (30 April 1825, Nantes - 19 May 1888, Paris) was a French journalist, novelist, poet and playwright, nicknamed \"the king of the gastronomes\" by his contemporaries. He specialised in comedic and romantic novels and his total output was around 40 volumes.", "Q518084": "Jeannette Walls (born April 21, 1960) is an American author and journalist widely known as former gossip columnist for MSNBC.com and author of The Glass Castle, a memoir of the nomadic family life of her childhood. Published in 2005, it had been on the New York Times Best Seller list for 421 weeks as of June 3, 2018. She is a 2006 recipient of the Alex Awards.", "Q487968": "Anatoly Nikolayevich Perminov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432; born 16 June 1945) is a Russian rocket scientist and a mechanical engineer. He served as the General Director of Russian Federal Space Agency in 2004\u20132011.", "Q67449": "Alexander Mitscherlich (September 20, 1908 \u2013 June 26, 1982) was a German psychoanalyst.", "Q10819": "Mariano Rajoy Brey (Spanish: [ma\u02c8\u027ejano ra\u02c8xoi\u032f]; born 27 March 1955) is a Spanish politician who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 2011 to 2018, when a vote of no confidence ousted his government. On 5 June 2018, he announced his resignation as People's Party leader.He became Leader of the People's Party in 2004 and Prime Minister in 2011 following the People's Party landslide victory in that year's general election becoming the sixth President of the Spanish Government. The party lost its majority in the 2015 general election, but after that election ended in deadlock, a second election in 2016 enabled Rajoy to be reelected Prime Minister as head of a minority government. Rajoy was a Minister under the Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Aznar administration, occupying different leading roles in different Ministries between 1996 and 2003, and he also was the Deputy Prime Minister between 2000 and 2003. He was the Leader of the Opposition between 2004 and 2011 under Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero's government.\nRajoy's first term was heavily marked by the Spanish financial crisis and oversaw a major restructuring of the Spanish financial system as well as a major labour reform. The financial crisis peaked with a bailout of the Spanish banking system in June 2012. Unemployment in Spain peaked at 27% in 2012, which led to an initial drop of the People's Party in the polls, which was aggravated by the revelations of a series of corruption cases that seriously damaged the party's reputation. This, among other factors, led to a profound shift in the Spanish party system, with the rise of new political parties from the left and the right: Podemos and Citizens.\nThe 2015 general election led to a parliamentary configuration that made the formation of a government very difficult; as a result, Spain was without a government for over six months and new elections were held in June 2016. Rajoy was finally appointed Prime Minister with the support of the Citizens party and the abstention of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. Rajoy's second term was marked by economic recovery and a drop in unemployment and the challenge of stagnating salaries. Rajoy also oversaw the 2017\u201318 Spanish constitutional crisis marked by the Catalan independence referendum of 2017 and the Catalan unilateral declaration of independence on 27 October 2017 that led to the imposition of direct rule in Catalonia.\nAt 14 years and 146 days, Rajoy was the longest-serving Spanish politician in the Government of Spain since the Spanish transition to democracy, having held ministerial offices continuously from 1996 to 2004 and from 2011 to 2018.\n\n", "Q70135": "Maroggia is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q489": "William Maher (; born January 20, 1956) is an American comedian, political commentator, and television host. He is known for the HBO political talk show Real Time with Bill Maher (2003\u2013present) and the similar late-night show called Politically Incorrect (1993\u20132002), originally on Comedy Central and later on ABC.\nMaher is known for his political satire and sociopolitical commentary. He targets many topics including religion, political correctness and the mass media. His critical views of religion were the basis for the 2008 documentary film Religulous. He is a supporter of animal rights, having served on the board of PETA since 1997 and is an advisory board member of Project Reason. Maher supports the legalization of cannabis, serving on the advisory board of NORML.In 2005, Maher ranked at number 38 on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand-up comedians of all time. He received a Hollywood Walk of Fame star on September 14, 2010.\n\n", "Q66757": "Flurlingen is a municipality in the district of Andelfingen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q187553": "Takanori Nishikawa (\u897f\u5ddd \u8cb4\u6559, Nishikawa Takanori, born September 19, 1970) is a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and voice artist. He performs under the stage name T.M.Revolution (TMR), which stands for \"Takanori Makes Revolution\" (\u8cb4\u6559\u304c\u9769\u547d\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059, Takanori ga kakumei o okosu), stemming from the famous '80s pop electronic band TM Network. Despite most of his songs being written by Akio Inoue and composed/arranged by Daisuke Asakura (also TMR's former producer), T.M.Revolution is considered Nishikawa's solo project. Nishikawa is also known for contributions of ending and opening themes to many notable anime and game series.\nNishikawa debuted as TMR with the release of his first single \"Dokusai (Monopolize)\" (\u72ec\u88c1 -monopolize-) in May 1996. Later that year, his third single \"Heart of Sword (Yoake Mae)\" (HEART OF SWORD \uff5e\u591c\u660e\u3051\u524d\uff5e) was used as the third ending song for the anime series Rurouni Kenshin, further expanding his fan base. He also contributed six songs to the Mobile Suit Gundam SEED franchise \u2013 three for Gundam SEED and three for Gundam SEED Destiny. Nishikawa has guest starred as a minor character in each of those anime series that featured his songs. In 2010, his single \"Save the One, Save the All\" was used as the ending theme song for the movie Bleach: Hell Verse. Nishikawa has also had a long-standing affair with Capcom's Sengoku Basara series of video games and media franchise, with several of his songs being used for it, including Crosswise and Flags.\nT.M.Revolution is the first artist to be signed to Tofu Records, a record label (affiliated with Sony Music Japan) promoting Japanese artists in North America. Tofu released three of his most recent studio albums: coordinate (2003), Seventh Heaven (2004), and vertical infinity (2005). Nishikawa made his North American live debut at Otakon, a large anime convention in 2003. He has also performed at Pacific Media Expo in 2004 and at the New York Comic Con in 2008. Nishikawa revisited his 2003 US performance at the Asian culture convention Otakon by performing at Otakon's 20th Anniversary on August 10, 2013.\n\n", "Q2919046": "Biochemists are scientists that are trained in biochemistry.", "Q659706": "Illinois Institute of Technology (Illinois Tech or IIT) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Tracing its history to 1890, the present name was adopted upon the merger of the Armour Institute and Lewis Institute in 1940. The university has programs in architecture, business, communications, design, engineering, industrial technology, information technology, law, psychology, and science. Its historic roots are in several 19th-century engineering and professional education institutions in the United States. In the mid 20th century, it became closely associated with trends in modernist architecture through the work of its Dean of Architecture Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who designed its campus. The Institute of Design, Chicago-Kent College of Law, and Midwest College of Engineering were also merged into IIT.", "Q265208": "Katherine Jane Parkinson (born 9 March 1978) is an English actress. She has appeared in several comedy series, including as Jen Barber in Channel 4's The IT Crowd, for which she received a British Comedy Best TV Actress Award in 2009 and again in 2014, and a BAFTA TV Award in 2014 (having received a nomination in 2011).\nShe was also a main cast member of the series Doc Martin for three series, and performed the voice-overs for the games Worms Clan Wars and Worms Battlegrounds. She co-starred in Series 1\u20133 of Humans, a science-fiction drama on AMC/Channel 4, which premiered in June 2015. She has also appeared in such films as How to Lose Friends & Alienate People and The Boat That Rocked.", "Q2902300": "Big Machine Records is an American independent record label, which is distributed by Universal Music Group, specializing in country and pop artists. Big Machine is based on Music Row in Nashville, Tennessee. The label was founded in September 2005 by former DreamWorks Records executive Scott Borchetta and became a joint venture between Borchetta and country singer Toby Keith. The company concentrates on publishing, management, and merchandising and oversees imprints, such as Valory Music, that are part of the Big Machine Label Group.", "Q234721": "Djuna Barnes (, June 12, 1892 \u2013 June 18, 1982) was an American artist, illustrator, journalist, and writer who is perhaps best known for her novel Nightwood (1936), a cult classic of lesbian fiction and an important work of modernist literature.In 1913, Barnes began her career as a freelance journalist and illustrator for the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. By early 1914, Barnes was a highly sought feature reporter, interviewer, and illustrator whose work appeared in the city's leading newspapers and periodicals. Later, Barnes' talent and connections with prominent Greenwich Village bohemians afforded her the opportunity to publish her prose, poems, illustrations, and one-act plays in both avant-garde literary journals and popular magazines, and publish an illustrated volume of poetry, The Book of Repulsive Women (1915).In 1921, a lucrative commission with McCall's took Barnes to Paris, where she lived for the next 10 years. In this period she published A Book (1923), a collection of poetry, plays, and short stories, which was later reissued, with the addition of three stories, as A Night Among the Horses (1929), Ladies Almanack (1928), and Ryder (1928).During the 1930s, Barnes spent time in England, Paris, New York, and North Africa. It was during this restless time that she wrote and published Nightwood. In October 1939, after nearly two decades living mostly in Europe, Barnes returned to New York. She published her last major work, the verse play The Antiphon, in 1958, and she died in her apartment at Patchin Place, Greenwich Village in June 1982.", "Q468577": "Jemima Marcelle Goldsmith (born 30 January 1974) is a British TV, film and documentary producer and founder of Instinct Productions, a television production company. She was formerly a journalist and associate editor of The New Statesman, a British political and cultural magazine, and European editor-at-large for Vanity Fair. Goldsmith married Pakistan's now Prime Minister and former cricketer Imran Khan in 1995, and had two sons, Suleiman and Kasim. The couple divorced in 2004.", "Q215937": "Fred Uhlman (19 January 1901 \u2013 11 April 1985) was a German-English writer, painter and lawyer of Jewish origin.", "Q3040464": "Charles Duane Williams (August 11, 1860 \u2013 April 15, 1912) was an American lawyer who was fundamental in founding the International Tennis Federation. He died in the sinking of the RMS Titanic.\n\n", "Q116538": "Mohammad Kazem Kazemi (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0638\u0645\u06cc\u200e) (born January 10, 1968) is a notable contemporary Afghan poet, author, literary critic and a book editor by profession. \nAmong others, he is currently a member of the editorial board of Dorre Dari (Pearl of Dari) (Persian: \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u200e) and Khatt-e-Sevom (Third Script) (Persian: \u062e\u0637 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u200e) Journals. Kazemi has authored many books on Persian literature and Afghan poetry. He has also written the book \u201cRozaneh\u201d (Window) (Persian: \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u200e) which has been published for the fourth time in Iran and is considered to be the most famous poetry textbook. \nHe is currently living in Mashhad in the Islamic Republic of Iran.", "Q467644": "Alexey Borisovich Miller (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440; born 31 January 1962) is a Russian business administrator. Miller is the Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors and the Chairman of the Management Committee (CEO) of Russian energy company Gazprom, Russia's largest company and the world's biggest public energy supplier.", "Q742332": "Henry Christian \"Harry\" Hopman, CBE (12 August 1906 \u2013 27 December 1985) was a world-acclaimed Australian tennis player and coach.\nHopman was born in Glebe, Sydney, New South Wales, before his family moved to Parramatta, a city adjoining Sydney and now effectively a suburb of the metropolis.\nHopman was a student at Rosehill Public Primary (elementary) school, where his father was headmaster, and later at Parramatta High School, where he played tennis and cricket.", "Q44290": "Mihai Antonescu (18 November 1904 \u2013 1 June 1946) was a Romanian politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister during World War II.", "Q370611": "Harris Merrill Plaisted (November 2, 1828 \u2013 January 31, 1898) was an attorney, politician, and Union Army officer from Maine. As colonel, he commanded the 11th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War. After the war, he served as Maine Attorney General, a U.S. Congressman, and the 38th Governor of Maine.\nPlaisted was born and raised in Jefferson, New Hampshire. He graduated from Waterville College (1853) and Albany Law School (1855), and practiced law in Bangor. In 1861, he was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the Union Army and named second in command of the 11th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment. In 1862 he was promoted to colonel and assigned as the regimental commander. He took part in numerous engagements in South Carolina and Virginia, including the Siege of Petersburg. In February 1865 he was appointed brevet brigadier general of volunteers and in 1867 was appointed brevet major general of volunteers for gallant and meritorious services during the war.\nAfter the war, Plaisted resumed practicing law and became involved in politics as a Republican. He served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives in 1867-1868, and was a delegate to the 1868 Republican National Convention. In 1873 he was chosen by the state legislature to serve as Maine Attorney General, and he was reappointed in 1874 and 1875. In December 1875 he resigned as Attorney General in order to take the U.S. House seat for which he had been selected in a special election the previous September. He completed the term of his predecessor, which ended in March 1877, but was not a candidate for a full term.\nIn 1878, Plaisted left the Republicans over dissatisfaction with their monetary policy, and became a member of the Greenback Party. In 1880, he was elected governor as the fusion candidate of the Greenbacks and the Democrats, and he served from 1881 to 1883. Plaisted died in Bangor in 1898, and was buried at Mount Hope Cemetery in Bangor.", "Q185344": "Irfan Haarys Bachdim (born 11 August 1988) is an Indonesian professional footballer who currently plays for PSS Sleman and the Indonesia national team. He plays mainly at second striker but can also operate as a winger.", "Q863901": "Kacem El Ghazzali (Berber languages: \u2d47\u2d30\u2d59\u2d4e \u2d4d\u2d56\u2d30\u2d63\u2d30\u2d4d\u2d49, Arabic: \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u200e), (born 24 June 1990), is a secularist writer and activist and is one of the few Moroccans to publicly announce to be an atheist. Kacem speaks English, as well as German, French, Arabic and Berber. Mostly known for his publicly voiced atheism, his writings stress the importance of freedom of thought which, in his view is lacking in countries dominated by Islam. His articles have been published in/by the Richard Dawkins Foundation, Huffington Post, Le Monde, Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Basler Zeitung and others.\nIn 2017 El Ghazzali was granted Swiss citizenship, and was chosen as one of the 14 most influential Swiss intellectuals of the year by the Basler Zeitung.\nEl Ghazzali was also named Swiss of the Year 2018 by the Sunday newspaper SonntagsZeitung among 30 other personalities.", "Q64140": "Josef Wagner (12 January 1899 \u2013 22 April or 2 May 1945) was from 1928 the Nazi Gauleiter of the Gau of Westphalia-South, and as of January 1935 also of the Gau of Silesia. In 1942 he was expelled from the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and imprisoned by the Gestapo, dying at some point in 1945.", "Q192638": "Apollonius of Rhodes (Ancient Greek: \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1fec\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 Apoll\u1e53nios Rh\u00f3dios; Latin: Apollonius Rhodius; fl. first half of 3rd century BCE) was an ancient Greek author, best known for the Argonautica, an epic poem about Jason and the Argonauts and their quest for the Golden Fleece. The poem is one of the few extant examples of the epic genre and it was both innovative and influential, providing Ptolemaic Egypt with a \"cultural mnemonic\" or national \"archive of images\", and offering the Latin poets Virgil and Gaius Valerius Flaccus a model for their own epics. His other poems, which survive only in small fragments, concerned the beginnings or foundations of cities, such as Alexandria and Cnidus places of interest to the Ptolemies, whom he served as a scholar and librarian at the Library of Alexandria. A literary dispute with Callimachus, another Alexandrian librarian/poet, is a topic much discussed by modern scholars since it is thought to give some insight into their poetry, although there is very little evidence that there ever was such a dispute between the two men. In fact almost nothing at all is known about Apollonius and even his connection with Rhodes is a matter for speculation. Once considered a mere imitator of Homer, and therefore a failure as a poet, his reputation has been enhanced by recent studies, with an emphasis on the special characteristics of Hellenistic poets as scholarly heirs of a long literary tradition writing at a unique time in history.", "Q110149": "Carl Heinrich Louis Held (1 December 1851 \u2013 17 April 1927) was a German photographer and a pioneer of photojournalism.\nHeld was raised by relatives after the death of his parents in 1860. He first apprenticed in a company producing silk tissues before beginning a second apprenticeship as a photographer.\nHe opened his first studio in Liegnitz in 1876, moved three years later to Berlin, and again three years later to Weimar. There, he became a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Franz Liszt and was appointed court photographer of Carl Alexander, grand duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, in 1888. From 1890 on, he travelled throughout Germany, photographing for illustrated magazines.\nIn 1912, he opened a cinema in Weimar. In 1923, he experimented with color photography.", "Q87230": "Ernst Graf Strachwitz (22 December 1919 \u2013 13 July 1998) was a German Wehrmacht officer during World War II, Austrian politician and lawyer.", "Q53707": "Tage Fritjof Erlander (Swedish: [\u02c8t\u0251\u0302\u02d0g\u025b \u025b\u02c8\u026d\u01cen\u02d0d\u025br] (listen); 13 June 1901 \u2013 21 June 1985) was a Swedish politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1946 to 1969. He was the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and led the government for an uninterrupted tenure of 23 years, one of the longest in any democracy. This led to Erlander being known as \"Sweden's longest Prime Minister\" referring to both his physical stature \u2013 192 cm, or 6 feet and 3.5 inches \u2013 and tenure (the Swedish word l\u00e5ng meaning both long and tall).Ascending to the World War II coalition government in 1944, Erlander rose unexpectedly to leadership upon the death of Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson in October 1946, maintaining the position of the Social Democratic Party as the dominant party in the country. Known for his moderation, pragmatism and self-irony, Erlander often sought approval from the liberal-conservative opposition for his policies, de facto dropping all pretenses of wide-scale nationalizations whilst introducing reforms such as universal health insurance, pension additions and a growing public sector while stopping short of raising tax levels above the average OECD levels at the time. Until the 1960s, income taxes were lower in Sweden than in the United States.For most of his time in power, Erlander ran a minority government of the Social Democrats. From 1951 to 1957, he instead ran a coalition with the Farmers' League. The Social Democrats held a majority of seats in the upper house for most of this time and this allowed Erlander to remain in power after the 1956 general election, when the right-wing parties won a majority. A snap election in 1958 then reversed this result.\nIn foreign policy, he initially sought an alliance of Nordic countries, but without success, instead maintaining strict neutrality while building up among the most impressive armed forces in the world (surpassed only by the United States, the Soviet Union and Israel in terms of per-capita spending), making the Swedish Air Force the third largest in the world, while ultimately rejecting nuclear capability, signing the nuclear non-proliferation treaty in 1968. Erlander's mandate coincided with the post\u2013World War II economic expansion, in Sweden known as the record years, in which Sweden saw its economy grow to one of the ten strongest in the world, and subsequently joined the G10.\nIn the 1968 general election, he won his seventh and most successful victory, with the Social Democrats winning an absolute majority of the popular vote and seats in the lower chamber. Erlander resigned the following year during a process of major constitutional reform, and was succeeded by his long-time prot\u00e9g\u00e9 and friend Olof Palme.", "Q119838": "Alice Hechy (21 July 1893 \u2013 26 May 1973) was a German stage and film actress and singer (soprano).", "Q715281": "Lev Abramovich Kassil (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0410\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c) (27 June 1905, Pokrovskaya \u2013 21 June 1970, Moscow) was a Soviet writer of juvenile and young adult literature, depicting Soviet life, teenagers and their world, school, sports, cultural life, and war.", "Q130272": "Chartres (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0283a\u0281t\u0281]) is a commune and capital of the Eure-et-Loir department in France. It is located about 90 km (56 mi) southwest of Paris. Chartres is famous world-wide for its cathedral. Mostly constructed between 1193 and 1250, this Gothic cathedral is in an exceptional state of preservation. The majority of the original stained glass windows survive intact, while the architecture has seen only minor changes since the early 13th century. Much of the old town, including the library associated with the School of Chartres, was destroyed by bombs in 1944.\n\n", "Q72911": "Oliver Norvell Hardy (born Norvell Hardy, January 18, 1892 \u2013 August 7, 1957) was an American comic actor and one half of Laurel and Hardy, the double act that began in the era of silent films and lasted from 1927 to 1955. He appeared with his comedy partner Stan Laurel in 107 short films, feature films, and cameo roles. He was credited with his first film Outwitting Dad in 1914. In most of his silent films before joining producer Hal Roach, he was billed on screen as \"Babe Hardy.\"\n\n", "Q1592635": "Bj\u00f8rn Ole Rasch (born 28 July 1959) is a Norwegian artist (keyboards performer), composer, arranger and producer. He is a professor of popular music at the Agder University College. With his wife, Annbj\u00f8rg Lien, he runs the Kongshavn Studios in Kristiansand.", "Q177139": "Paul Tannery (20 December 1843 \u2013 27 November 1904) was a French mathematician and historian of mathematics. He was the older brother of mathematician Jules Tannery, to whose Notions Math\u00e9matiques he contributed an historical chapter. Though Tannery's career was in the tobacco industry, he devoted his evenings and his life to the study of mathematicians and mathematical development.", "Q55376": "Jacek Jan Fedorowicz (born 18 July 1937) is a Polish satirist and actor.\n\n", "Q336877": "Raymond William Stacy Burr (May 21, 1917 \u2013 September 12, 1993) was a Canadian-American actor primarily known for his title roles in the television dramas Perry Mason and Ironside. \nBurr's early acting career included roles on Broadway, radio, television, and film, usually as the villain. His portrayal of the suspected murderer in the Alfred Hitchcock thriller Rear Window (1954) is his best-known film role, although he is also remembered for his role in the 1956 film Godzilla, King of the Monsters!, which he reprised in the 1984 film Godzilla 1985. He won Emmy Awards for acting in 1959 and 1961 for the role of Perry Mason, which he played for nine seasons (1957\u201366) and reprised in a series of 26 Perry Mason TV movies (1985\u201393). His second TV series Ironside earned him six Emmy and two Golden Globe nominations.\nBurr died of cancer in 1993, and his personal life came into question, as many details of his biography appeared to be unverifiable. He was ranked number 44 of the 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time by TV Guide magazine in 1996.", "Q512542": "Says was a municipality in the district of Landquart in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2008 the municipality was incorporated into neighboring Trimmis.", "Q108935": "Mary Nell Steenburgen (born February 8, 1953) is an American actress, singer and songwriter. She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Motion Picture for playing the role of Lynda Dummar in Jonathan Demme's 1980 film Melvin and Howard.\nSteenburgen, who studied at New York's Neighborhood Playhouse in the 1970s, also received a Golden Globe nomination for the 1981 film Ragtime, a BAFTA TV Award nomination for the 1985 miniseries Tender Is the Night and an Emmy Award nomination for the 1988 TV film The Attic: The Hiding of Anne Frank. Her other film appearances include Time After Time (1979), Cross Creek (1983), Parenthood (1989), Back to the Future Part III (1990), Philadelphia (1993), What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993), Elf (2003), The Brave One (2007), Step Brothers (2008), The Proposal (2009), The Help (2011) and Book Club (2018).", "Q150586": "Rudolf II (18 July 1552 \u2013 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576\u20131612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572\u20131608), King of Bohemia (1575\u20131608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576\u20131608). He was a member of the House of Habsburg.\nRudolf's legacy has traditionally been viewed in three ways: an ineffectual ruler whose mistakes led directly to the Thirty Years' War; a great and influential patron of Northern Mannerist art; and an intellectual devotee of occult arts and learning which helped seed what would be called the scientific revolution.", "Q436386": "Jack Roy (born Jacob Rodney Cohen; November 22, 1921 \u2013 October 5, 2004), popularly known by the stage name Rodney Dangerfield, was an American stand-up comedian, actor, producer, screenwriter, musician and author. He was known for his self-deprecating one-liner humor, his catchphrase \u201cI don't get no respect!\u201d and his monologues on that theme.\nHe began his career working as a stand-up comic in the Borscht Belt resorts of the Catskill Mountains northwest of New York City. His act grew in notoriety as he became a mainstay on late-night talk shows throughout the 1960s and 1970s, eventually developing into a headlining act on the Las Vegas casino circuit. He appeared in a few bit parts in films such as The Projectionist throughout the 1970s, but his breakout film role came in 1980 as a boorish nouveau riche golfer in the ensemble comedy Caddyshack, which was followed by two more successful films in which he starred: 1983's Easy Money and 1986's Back to School. Additional film work kept him busy through the rest of his life, mostly in comedies, but with a rare dramatic role in 1994's Natural Born Killers as an abusive father. Health troubles curtailed his output through the early 2000s before his death in 2004, following a month in a coma due to complications from heart valve surgery.", "Q45165": "System of a Down is an Armenian-American heavy metal band formed in Glendale, California in 1994. The band currently consists of founding members Serj Tankian (lead vocals, keyboards), Daron Malakian (vocals, guitar) and Shavo Odadjian (bass, backing vocals), as well as John Dolmayan (drums), who replaced original drummer Andy Khachaturian in 1997.The band achieved commercial success with the release of five studio albums, three of which debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200. System of a Down has been nominated for four Grammy Awards, and their song \"B.Y.O.B.\" won a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance in 2006. The band went on hiatus in 2006 and reunited in 2010; since then, they have performed live occasionally despite having not released any new material since the Mezmerize and Hypnotize albums in 2005. System of a Down has sold over 40 million records worldwide, while two of their singles \"Aerials\" and \"Hypnotize\" reached number one on Billboard's Alternative Songs chart.\n\n", "Q91452": "Bernhard Karl Thalheim (born 1952) is a German computer scientist and Professor of Information Systems Engineering at the University of Kiel who is known for conceptual modeling and its theoretical foundational contributions.\n\n", "Q1205706": "Ryosuke Yamada (\u5c71\u7530 \u6dbc\u4ecb, Yamada Ry\u014dsuke, born May 9, 1993) is a Japanese idol, actor, singer, and a member of Hey! Say! JUMP.Yamada came to prominence as a teen idol in 2007 following his role in the Japanese television series Tantei Gakuen Q. After launching his music career in 2007 as a member of Hey! Say! JUMP, he released his number one debut solo single, \"Mystery Virgin\" in 2013. The fact that Yamada was in his teens at the time the single reached number one helped the singer set several records in the Japanese music industry and Yamada achieved wide fame as a solo artist. He became the first teenage male artist in thirty three years to have a number one debut single as well as being one of the only two artists in history to achieve this milestone.As an actor, he is best known for portraying Hajime Kindaichi in the Kindaichi Case Files live action drama franchise and Nagisa Shiota in the Assassination Classroom live action adaptation movie franchise. He also plays Edward Elric in the live-action film Fullmetal Alchemist, which was released on December 1, 2017.Yamada's portrayal of Shiota Nagisa in Assassination Classroom (2015) earned him the Japan Academy Award for Newcomers of the Year in 2016 and his role as Semi in Grasshopper (2015) won him the Rookie Actor of the Year in Japan Film Critics Award 2016.", "Q3121717": "Guy Dejouany (15 December 1920 \u2013 14 November 2011) was the CEO of Compagnie G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Eaux, (currently known as Vivendi, a French company part of the CAC 40) from 1976 to 1995.Guy Dejouany worked as Chief Executive Officer of Vinci PLC from 1990 to 1996. He was Honorary Chairman of Vivendi Universal. \nHe played an important role in Vinci PLC's Supervisory Board as Chairman from 1988 to 1990. He is the Director of Vivendi Universal Publishing. He serves as member of the Supervisory Boards of Dalkia and Compagnie des Eaux et de l'Ozone. He is a permanent representative of Vivendi Universal on the Board of Directors of UGC. He is part-owner and the Director of Alcatel-Lucent. He is also member of the councils D E monitoring of Dalkia and of the Ozone and Water-company. He is a graduate of \u00c9cole Polytechnique and \u00c9cole Nationale des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es.Guy Dejouany was a French businessman, former President of the French group G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Eaux from 1976 to 1996 and one of the most emblematic leaders in the period 1970-2000 France.", "Q51110": "Show Lo (simplified Chinese: \u7f57\u5fd7\u7965; traditional Chinese: \u7f85\u5fd7\u7965; pinyin: Lu\u00f3 Zh\u00ecxi\u00e1ng; born July 30, 1979) is a Taiwanese singer, actor and host. He is commonly known by his nickname Xiao Zhu (Little Pig) (Chinese: \u5c0f\u732a). Lo is recognized for his trademark dance music and comedic talent. He has over 50 million followers on Chinese micro-blogging platform Weibo as of June 2018.Show Lo debuted as a member of Taiwanese boy group in 1996 after winning a singing and dancing competition, and began his solo music career in 2003 when he released his first studio album Show Time. His successive albums were commercially successful; he achieved best-selling album of the year in Taiwan for four consecutive years from 2010 to 2013. He holds many records in the Taiwanese music industry, including being the first pop singer to hold a concert in Taipei Arena in 2005, and the first pop singer to hold three concerts within twenty-four hours in Taipei Arena in 2010. As of May 2018, he has gone on four world tours. His 2010 \u821e\u6cd5\u821e\u5929 (Dance without Limits) World Tour ran for two-and-a-half years, visiting forty-two cities and attracting 600,000 spectators. Lo is fluent in Japanese and released his first Japanese single EP Dante in 2012. The song clinched 5th place in Japan's Oricon daily charts on its first day of release and remained at 10th place in the Oricon weekly charts, making him the first Taiwanese male singer to place on the chart.Besides his singing career, Show Lo is a successful television host and entertainer. He has been hosting 100% Entertainment since 2001. In 2017, he won the Best Host for a Variety Show Award in the 52nd Golden Bell Awards for 100% Entertainment, with co-host Linda Chien. He is also recognized as a member of the cast for the popular Chinese reality show, Go Fighting!, and as a judge on China's Produce 101 and Street Dance of China.Show Lo was nominated thrice for Best Male Actor in the Golden Bell Awards. In 2013, Lo was handpicked by director Stephen Chow to play the guest role of Prince Important in the movie Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons, which broke Chinese box office records. Chow cast Lo again in a supporting role, Octopus, in his 2016 movie The Mermaid, likening his comedic talent onscreen to a formidable explosive. The movie once again broke existing Chinese box office records.In 2006, Show Lo created fashion brand STAGE which currently has branches in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. STAGE sponsors clothing for many Taiwanese entertainers, and the brand is often seen on Taiwanese variety shows.", "Q313407": "Liviu Librescu (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8livju li\u02c8bresku]; Hebrew: \u05dc\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05e1\u05e7\u05d5\u200e; August 18, 1930 \u2013 April 16, 2007) was a Romanian\u2013American scientist and engineer. A prominent academic in addition to being a survivor of the Holocaust, his major research fields were aeroelasticity and aerodynamics.\nLibrescu is most widely known for his actions during the Virginia Tech shooting, when he held the doors to his lecture hall closed, allowing all but one of his students enough time to escape through the windows. Shot and killed during the attack, Librescu was posthumously awarded the Order of the Star of Romania, the country's highest civilian honor. Coincidentally, Librescu's act of heroism happened on the 27th of Nisan in the Jewish lunar calendar. That date is Yom HaShoah, which is Holocaust Remembrance Day in Israel.\nAt the time of his death, he was Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics at Virginia Tech.", "Q1459550": "Toby Love is an American singer and songwriter. Love is known for performing a style of bachata music that combines traditional and urban singing and production.\n\n", "Q103860": "Julius Nepos (full name: Flavius Julius Nepos Augustus; c. AD 430 \u2013 480) was de jure and de facto Western Roman Emperor from AD 474 to 475 and then only de jure until his death in AD 480. He was also the ruler of Roman Dalmatia from AD 468 to 480.Nepos overthrew his predecessor Glycerius without a fight and proclaimed himself western emperor on 19 or 24 June 474. Orestes, the Magister Militum, turned his forces on Nepos on August 28, 475, forcing him to flee by ship to Dalmatia. Orestes crowned his son Romulus as Emperor in Nepos's absence, but neither the Eastern Emperor Zeno nor many Western provinces recognized Romulus, regarding him as a usurper. Nepos never relinquished his imperial title and sought a compromise with the barbarian king Odoacer who deposed Romulus. Odoacer ambiguously recognized his claim but refused him any role in government outside of Dalmatia. Nepos was assassinated in 480 while plotting his own restoration, and Zeno formally abolished the Western division of the Empire.", "Q78582": "Otto Stuppacher (3 March 1947 \u2013 13 August 2001) was a racing driver from Vienna, Austria. He competed in hill-climbs and sports car racing before entering 3 Formula One Grands Prix with the \u00d6ASC Racing Team in 1976, with a Tyrrell 007. He was refused entry to the 1976 Austrian Grand Prix, along with teammate Karl Oppitzhauser, despite trying to raise a petition from the other teams.\nAt the 1976 Italian Grand Prix he failed to qualify by a considerable margin, but subsequently he was promoted up the order when three other cars had their times disallowed due to fuel irregularities. Unfortunately, Stuppacher had already left the circuit and returned home, and was unable to get back to the circuit in time to race. The three demoted runners were eventually re-admitted after the withdrawal of Stuppacher, Arturo Merzario, and Guy Edwards.\nStuppacher failed to qualify at his other two attempts in 1976, the 1976 Canadian Grand Prix and the 1976 USA East Grand Prix, the latter seeing him over 27 seconds off the time of pole-sitter James Hunt. To date, this gap between pole-position time and slowest time during qualifying in an official Formula One race is a record that still stands today.It is not clear how much racing Stuppacher did after 1976, and very little is known of him until he was found dead in his Vienna flat in 2001.\nHe has a sister who raced in harness racing as Elisabeth Stuppacher, who was the Austrian champion from 1993 to 2000.\n\n", "Q520296": "John Prine (October 10, 1946 \u2013 April 7, 2020) was an American country folk singer-songwriter. He was active as a composer, recording artist, and live performer from the early 1970s until his death and was known for an often humorous style of original music that has elements of protest and social commentary.\nBorn and raised in Maywood, Illinois, Prine learned to play the guitar at the age of 14. He attended classes at Chicago's Old Town School of Folk Music. After serving in West Germany with the U.S. Army, he returned to Chicago in the late 1960s, where he worked as a mailman, writing and singing songs first as a hobby, and then becoming a club performer. \nA member of Chicago's folk revival, Prine credited film critic Roger Ebert and singer-songwriter Kris Kristofferson with discovering him, resulting in the production of Prine's eponymous debut album with Atlantic Records in 1971. The acclaim earned by this LP led Prine to focus on his musical career, and he recorded three more albums for Atlantic. He then signed with Asylum Records, where he recorded an additional three albums. In 1981, he co-founded Oh Boy Records, an independent record label with which he would release most of his subsequent albums.\nWidely cited as one of the most influential songwriters of his generation, Prine was known for humorous lyrics about love, life, and current events, as well as serious songs with social commentary and songs that recollect melancholy tales from his life. In 2020, he received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.", "Q499203": "Yakima ( or ) is a city in and the county seat of Yakima County, Washington, and the state's eleventh-largest city by population. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 91,067 and a metropolitan population of 243,231. The unincorporated suburban areas of West Valley and Terrace Heights are considered a part of greater Yakima.Yakima is about 60 miles (100 kilometers) southeast of Mount Rainier in Washington. It is situated in the Yakima Valley, a productive agricultural region noted for apple, wine, and hop production. As of 2011, the Yakima Valley produces 77% of all hops grown in the United States. The name Yakima originates from the Yakama Nation Native American tribe, whose reservation is located south of the city.", "Q435857": "Mary Esther Wells (May 13, 1943 \u2013 July 26, 1992) was an American singer, who helped to define the emerging sound of Motown in the early 1960s. Along with The Supremes, The Miracles, The Temptations, and the Four Tops, Wells was said to have been part of the charge in black music onto radio stations and record shelves of mainstream America, \"bridging the color lines in music at the time.\"With a string of hit singles composed mainly by Smokey Robinson, including \"The One Who Really Loves You\"\", \"Two Lovers\" (1962), the Grammy-nominated \"You Beat Me to the Punch\" (1962) and her signature hit, \"My Guy\" (1964), she became recognized as \"The Queen of Motown\" until her departure from the company in 1964, at the height of her popularity. She was one of Motown's first singing superstars.", "Q345899": "Luis Llorens Torres (May 14, 1876 \u2013 June 16, 1944), was a Puerto Rican poet, playwright, and politician. He was an advocate for the independence of Puerto Rico.", "Q663465": "Hendricus Josephus Franciscus Marie (Henk) Sneevliet, known as Henk Sneevliet or by the pseudonym \"Maring\" (1883 - 1942), was a Dutch Communist, who was active in both the Netherlands and the Dutch East-Indies. As a functionary of the Communist International, Sneevliet guided the formation of the Communist Party of China in 1921. In his native country, he was the founder, chairman and only Representative for the Revolutionary Socialist (Workers') Party, RSP/RSAP. He took part in the Communist resistance against the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands during World War II, for which he was executed by the Germans in April 1942.", "Q258604": "David Aston is an actor from Auckland, New Zealand who played the character Rhineheart in the 1999 Hollywood movie The Matrix. He also works as presenter for non-broadcast in-house videos, televisions commercials, voiceover artist and singer.", "Q154938": "Bede (Old English: B\u01e3da, B\u0113da; 672/3 \u2013 26 May 735), also known as Saint Bede, Venerable Bede, and Bede the Venerable (Latin: B\u0113da Vener\u0101bilis), was an English Benedictine monk at the monastery of St. Peter and its companion monastery of St. Paul in the Kingdom of Northumbria of the Angles (contemporarily Monkwearmouth\u2013Jarrow Abbey in Tyne and Wear, England). \nBorn on lands belonging to the twin monastery of Monkwearmouth-Jarrow in present-day Tyne and Wear, Bede was sent to Monkwearmouth at the age of seven and later joined Abbot Ceolfrith at Jarrow, both of whom survived a plague that struck in 686, an outbreak that killed a majority of the population there. While he spent most of his life in the monastery, Bede travelled to several abbeys and monasteries across the British Isles, even visiting the archbishop of York and King Ceolwulf of Northumbria. \nHe is well known as an author, teacher (a student of one of his pupils was Alcuin), and scholar, and his most famous work, Ecclesiastical History of the English People, gained him the title \"The Father of English History\". His ecumenical writings were extensive and included a number of Biblical commentaries and other theological works of exegetical erudition. Another important area of study for Bede was the academic discipline of computus, otherwise known to his contemporaries as the science of calculating calendar dates. One of the more important dates Bede tried to compute was Easter, an effort that was mired in controversy. He also helped establish the practice of dating forward from the birth of Christ (Anno Domini \u2013 in the year of our Lord), a practice which eventually became commonplace in medieval Europe. Bede was one of the greatest teachers and writers of the Early Middle Ages and is considered by many historians to be the single most important scholar of antiquity for the period between the death of Pope Gregory I in 604 and the coronation of Charlemagne in 800.\nIn 1899, Pope Leo XIII declared him a Doctor of the Church. He is the only native of Great Britain to achieve this designation; Anselm of Canterbury, also a Doctor of the Church, was originally from Italy. Bede was moreover a skilled linguist and translator, and his work made the Latin and Greek writings of the early Church Fathers much more accessible to his fellow Anglo-Saxons, which contributed significantly to English Christianity. Bede's monastery had access to an impressive library which included works by Eusebius, Orosius, and many others.", "Q975622": "John Colin Watson (1 February 1920 \u2013 18 January 1983) was a British writer of detective fiction and the creator of characters such as Inspector Purbright and Lucilla Teatime. Born in Croydon, Surrey, he is best remembered for the twelve Flaxborough novels, typified by their comic and dry wit and set in a fictional small town in England which is closely based on Boston, Lincolnshire. He worked as a journalist in Lincolnshire and the characters in his books are said to be highly recognisable caricatures of people he encountered in his work.\nHis 1971 study of interwar thrillers 'Snobbery With Violence', made the phrase popular for describing such authors as Dornford Yates.\nWatson was the first person to successfully sue Private Eye for libel, for an article in issue 25 when he objected to being described as: \u201cthe little-known author who . . . was writing a novel, very Wodehouse but without the jokes\u201d. He was awarded \u00a3750. He died in Folkingham, Lincolnshire in 1983.", "Q548880": "Marcelo Gon\u00e7alves Costa Lopes, usually known simply as Gon\u00e7alves (born 22 February 1966 in Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro state) is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a central defender. He was effective on low balls, and was well known because of his long hair, a recognisable hairstyle which he wore for most of his career, and which he only cut during the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup, when all the Brazilian players entered the field in the semifinal match with shaved heads.", "Q746801": "Edison is a township in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States, in the New York City metropolitan area. Situated in north-central New Jersey, Edison lies within the core of the Raritan Valley region. As of the 2010 United States Census, Edison had a total population of 99,967, retaining its position as the fifth-most populous municipality in New Jersey. The 2010 population reflected an increase of 2,280 (+2.3%) from the 97,687 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 9,007 (+10.2%) from the 88,680 counted in 1990. Edison's population has been above the 100,000 threshold since 2010, increasing by 0.7% to a Census-estimated 100,693 in 2018.What is now Edison Township was originally incorporated as Raritan Township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 17, 1870, from portions of both Piscataway Township and Woodbridge Township. Portions of the township were taken to form Metuchen on March 20, 1900, and Highland Park on March 15, 1905. The name was officially changed to Edison Township on November 10, 1954, in honor of inventor Thomas Edison, who had his main laboratory in the Menlo Park section of the township.", "Q57207": "Alexandra Feodorovna (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr\u0259 \u02c8fj\u0275d\u0259r\u0259vn\u0259]), born Princess Charlotte of Prussia (13 July 1798 \u2013 1 November 1860), was Empress of Russia as the wife of Emperor Nicholas I (r. 1825\u20131855).\nCharlotte was the eldest surviving daughter of King Frederick William III of Prussia (r. 1797\u20131840) and of Queen Louise of Prussia. Her childhood was marked by the Napoleonic wars and by the death (1810) of her mother when Charlotte was just twelve years old.\nIn 1814 the Russian imperial family arranged her marriage \u2013 for political reasons \u2013 with Grand Duke Nicholas Pavlovich of Russia,\nwho later became Emperor Nicholas I. The couple married on 1 July 1817. Upon her marriage, Charlotte converted to Russian Orthodoxy, and took the Russian name Alexandra Feodorovna. Ideally matched with her husband, she had a happy marriage that produced a large family; seven of her children survived childhood.\nFollowing the death of her brother-in-law, Emperor Alexander I of Russia, in December 1825, Alexandra's husband became the new Russian emperor. Alexandra enjoyed her husband's confidence in affairs of state, but she had no interest in politics other than her personal attachment to Prussia, her native country. She was the obedient and admiring supporter of her husband's views. Her personality was completely overshadowed by Nicholas I's strong character. As empress, Alexandra Feodorovna had no interest in charity work. Her chief interests were in family affairs, dancing, balls and jewels. After 1841 her health deteriorated. She spent long sojourns abroad in search of a respite to her illness. As she became largely an invalid, Nicholas I took mistresses, but Alexandra retained her husband's love. She survived Nicholas I by five years and died in 1860.", "Q1703194": "Jonathan Hopkin Hill, Baron Hill of Oareford, (born 24 July 1960) is a British Conservative politician and former European Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union. Hill was Leader of the House of Lords and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 2013 to 2014. Prior to that, he served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Schools from 2010 to 2013 in the Conservative-Lib Dem Government.\nHill, a former political lobbyist and PR consultant, was special adviser to Cabinet Minister Kenneth Clarke and an adviser to the Conservative Prime Minister John Major before being appointed a Government Minister in 2010. Prime Minister David Cameron put Hill's name forward, on 15 July 2014, to be the next British EU Commissioner, upon which Lord Hill resigned from the Cabinet. On 10 September 2014, President Juncker appointed Hill as the European Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union.\nHe took office as Britain's representative in the Juncker Commission on 1 November 2014 but announced his resignation on 25 June 2016 following the referendum in the UK to leave the EU, leaving office on 15 July.", "Q83730": "December Boys is an Australian 2007 drama film directed by Rod Hardy and written by Marc Rosenberg and adapted from the 1963 novel of the same name by Michael Noonan. It was released on 14 September 2007 in the UK and US and 20 September 2007 in Australia.", "Q1064426": "Charles Fran\u00e7ois Laurent (12 November 1856 \u2013 16 February 1939) was a French senior civil servant, specializing in finance.\nHe was president of the Cour des comptes (Court of Audit).\nAfter taking early retirement at the age of 53 he became a businessman.\nHe became a member of the board of the Suez Canal Company and president of the French branch of Thomson-Houston.\nLaurent was co-founder of the Cr\u00e9dit national.\nAfter World War I (1914\u201318) he was French ambassador in Berlin between 1920 and 1922 and was involved in discussions of reparations.\n\n", "Q578943": "Factory Records was a Manchester-based British independent record label founded in 1978 by Tony Wilson and Alan Erasmus. The label collapsed in 1992 and was bought by London Records.\nThe label featured several important acts on its roster, including Joy Division, New Order, A Certain Ratio, the Durutti Column, Happy Mondays, Northside, and (briefly) Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark and James. Factory also ran The Ha\u00e7ienda nightclub, in partnership with New Order.\nLike the 4AD label, Factory Records used a creative team (most notably record producer Martin Hannett and graphic designer Peter Saville) which gave the label and the artists recording for it a particular sound and image. The label employed a unique cataloguing system that gave a number not just to its musical releases, but to artwork and other objects as well.", "Q155398": "Heinrich Aloysius Maria Elisabeth Br\u00fcning (listen ) (26 November 1885 \u2013 30 March 1970) was a German Centre Party politician and academic, who served as Chancellor of Germany during the Weimar Republic from 1930 to 1932.\nA political scientist and Christian social activist with a PhD on the implications of nationalizing the British railway system, he entered politics in the 1920s and was elected to the Reichstag in 1924. Shortly after Br\u00fcning took office as Chancellor on 30 March 1930 he was confronted by an economic crisis caused by the Great Depression. Br\u00fcning responded with a tightening of credit and a rollback of all wage and salary increases. These policies increased unemployment and made Br\u00fcning highly unpopular, losing him support in the Reichstag. As a result, Br\u00fcning established a so-called presidential government, basing his government's authority on presidential emergency decrees invoking President Paul von Hindenburg's constitutional powers. Br\u00fcning announced his cabinet's resignation on 30 May 1932, after his policies of distributing land to unemployed workers had led him into conflict with the President and the Prussian land owners, and the President therefore had refused to sign further decrees.\nFearing arrest after the Nazi regime's ascent to power, Br\u00fcning fled Germany in 1934. After staying in Switzerland and the United Kingdom, he eventually settled in the United States. He lived in difficult economic conditions for his first years as a refugee from Nazism, but became a visiting professor at Harvard University in 1937 and was the Lucius N. Littauer Professor of Government at Harvard from 1939 to 1952. He warned the American public about Hitler's plans for war, and later about Soviet aggression and plans for expansion. He briefly returned to Germany in 1951 to take up a post as professor of political science at the University of Cologne, but returned to the United States in 1955 and lived out his days in retirement in Vermont. He became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1938.\nBr\u00fcning remains a controversial figure in Germany's history, as historians debate whether he was the 'last bulwark of the Weimar Republic' or the 'Republic's undertaker', or both. Scholars are divided over how much room for manoeuvre he had during the depression and period of great political instability. While he intended to protect the Republic's government, his policies, notably his use of emergency powers, also contributed to the gradual demise of the Weimar Republic during his chancellorship.", "Q174356": "Nicolas Verdonck (born 5 December 1985 in Brussels) is a Belgian racing driver.", "Q122110": "August (or, as he afterwards called himself, Adolf) Ludwig Follen (21 January 1794 \u2013 26 December 1855) was a German poet.", "Q173439": "Richard \"Red\" Amick (January 19, 1929 \u2013 May 16, 1995) was an American racecar driver.", "Q1348612": "Erci Erg\u00fcn (born 1970), better known as Erci E, is a German-Turkish rapper. His parents were Turkish immigrant workers. He is best known for his work with the pioneering Turkish rap group Cartel in 1995.", "Q49039": "Elizabeth Muriel Gregory \"Elsie\" MacGill, OC (March 27, 1905 \u2013 November 4, 1980), known as the \"Queen of the Hurricanes\", was likely the world's first woman to earn an aeronautical engineering degree and was the first woman in Canada to receive a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. She worked as an aeronautical engineer during the Second World War and did much to make Canada a powerhouse of aircraft construction during her years at Canadian Car and Foundry (CC&F) in Fort William, Ontario. After her work at CC&F she ran a successful consulting business. Between 1967\u20131970 she was a commissioner on the Royal Commission on the Status of Women in Canada, published in 1970.", "Q86648": "Nikolaus Berlakovich (born 4 June 1961 in Eisenstadt, Austria), is an Austrian politician. He served as Minister for Agriculture from 2008 to 2013 in the First Faymann cabinet and has been a member of the Austrian parliament since 2013. Prior to his tenure at federal level, he was member of the provincial parliament of Burgenland (1991\u20132005) and of the provincial government of Burgenland (2005-2008).\nBerlakovich is part of the Burgenland Croat community. He holds a degree in Agriculture from the Austrian University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences.", "Q12983": "Herman Achille, Count Van Rompuy (Dutch: Herman Achille, Graaf Van Rompuy, pronounced [\u02c8\u0266\u025brm\u0251n v\u0251n \u02c8r\u0254mp\u0153y] (listen); born 31 October 1947) is a Belgian politician, who served as Prime Minister of Belgium from 2008 to 2009 and then as the first permanent President of the European Council from 2009 to 2014.\nA politician from Belgium's Christian Democratic and Flemish party, Van Rompuy served as the 49th prime minister of Belgium from 30 December 2008 until Yves Leterme (who was also his predecessor) succeeded him on 25 November 2009. On 19 November 2009 Van Rompuy was selected by the members of the European Council, which is the institution of the European Union (EU) comprising the heads of state or government of the EU member states, as the first full-time President of that Council under the Treaty of Lisbon. He was appointed for the period from 1 December 2009 until 31 May 2012, though he only took up his position officially on 1 January 2010. On 1 March 2012 he was re-elected for a second (and last) term, to last from 1 June 2012 until 30 November 2014. He was appointed chairman of the board of the College of Europe in 2019.", "Q1093910": "The City College of the City University of New York (City College of New York, or simply City College, CCNY, or City) is a public senior college of the City University of New York (CUNY) system in New York City. Founded in 1847, City College was the first free public institution of higher education in the United States. It is the oldest of CUNY's 24 institutions of higher learning, and is considered its flagship college.Located in Hamilton Heights overlooking Harlem in Manhattan, City College's 35-acre (14 ha) Collegiate Gothic campus spans Convent Avenue from 130th to 141st Streets. It was initially designed by renowned architect George B. Post, and many of its buildings have achieved landmark status. The college has graduated ten Nobel Prize winners, one Fields Medalist, one Turing Award winner, three Pulitzer Prize winners, and three Rhodes Scholars. Among these alumni, the latest is a Bronx native, John O'Keefe (2014 Nobel Prize in Medicine). City College's satellite campus City College Downtown in the Cunard Building at 25 Broadway has been in operation since 1981. It specializes in degree programs for working adults.\nOther primacies at City College that helped shape the culture of American higher education include the first student government in the nation (Academic Senate, 1867); the first national fraternity to accept members without regard to religion, race, color or creed (Delta Sigma Phi, 1899); the first degree-granting evening program (School of Education, 1907); and, with the objective of racially integrating the college dormitories, \"the first general strike at a municipal institution of higher learning\" led by students (1949).", "Q195802": "Boris Shiryaev (born October 27 (November 8), 1889 in Moscow, Russian Empire - died on April 17, 1959 in San Remo, Italy) was a Russian writer of the \"second wave\" of exile and a participant of the Russian apostolate in the Russian Diaspora.", "Q3352033": "Omid R. Kordestani (Persian: \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e, born 1963) is an Iranian-American businessman who has been the Executive Chairman at Twitter since October 2015. He was previously a Senior Vice President, the Chief Business Officer, and most recently a special advisor to the CEO and founders at Google from July 2014 to October 2015 and was a director of Vodafone from March 2013 to October 2014. Kordestani had also previously been at Google from May 1999 to April 2009, reaching the position of Senior Vice President for Worldwide Sales and Field Operations.", "Q1344028": "Leo Leroy Beranek (September 15, 1914 \u2013 October 10, 2016) was an American acoustics expert, former MIT professor, and a founder and former president of Bolt, Beranek and Newman (now BBN Technologies). He authored Acoustics, considered a classic textbook in this field, and its updated and extended version published in 2012 under the title Acoustics: Sound Fields and Transducers. He was also an expert in the design and evaluation of concert halls and opera houses, and authored the classic textbook Music, Acoustics, and Architecture, revised and extended in 2004 under the title Concert Halls and Opera Houses: Music, Acoustics, and Architecture.", "Q254980": "Madeline Carroll (born March 18, 1996) is an American actress and screenwriter.", "Q126376": "Corridor of Mirrors is a 1948 British drama film directed by Terence Young and starring Eric Portman, Edana Romney and Barbara Mullen. It was based on a novel by Chris Massie. It is notable as being both Terence Young's and Christopher Lee's first film. Visually one of the most engaging pieces of cinema made in Britain in 1948, Corridor of Mirrors extends the French post-war aesthetic typical of Jean Cocteau's 1950 film Orph\u00e9e (Orpheus) and Jean Gremillion's noirish Pattes Blanches (White Paws, 1949), another neo-realist fairy story.Terence Young's film resonates on the same wavelength as Kenneth Anger's experimental film Eaux d'artifice (1953) made in France shortly after Anger's meeting with Cocteau. Surprisingly, neither Anger or Young's films drew the type of critical reception they deserved and both still languish. Corridor of Mirrors is an odd experiment: it begins with the internal thoughts of the protagonist as she plans to meet her lover in a way that would have been easily understood by a cinema audience who'd seen Brief Encounter - indeed, the film refers directly to Brief Encounter's \"grit in the eye\" scene - but it soon moves into the area of gothic suspense or disturbing modern fairy tale. As such, it was possibly perfect fare for audiences of the period but it may have been a too dark or too rigorous fantasy. Nevertheless, the film slips seamlessly between an elaborate, at times Baroque world of illusion and the greyish realities of artistic life just after war.\nEric Portman plays the aesthete-bluebeard seducer. Edana Romney is the married woman who transitions from housewife to muse and finally goddess laden with important antique jewels and stunning dresses. Portman's acting is both insightful and highly charged; he is like a man who commits the perfect murder by other means ... he never kills. As a collector and seeker of perfection he enhances and perfects. Romney is the model for his artfully constructed profound and sparkling mirror cosmos. Romney adapts herself to his ambitions and merges with his closet full of feminine ornament. As a seemingly asexual couple they achieve their mythic purpose and merge with time itself, instead of death. Young went on to direct an extremely diverse though less adventurous list of films among them three of the James Bond films.", "Q64815": "Edmund Heines (21 July 1897 \u2013 30 June 1934) was a German Nazi politician and deputy commander of the Sturmabteilung (SA).Heines was one of the earliest members of the Nazi Party and a leading member of the SA in Munich, participating in the Beer Hall Putsch and becoming a notorious enforcer of the party. Heines served as the deputy of Ernst R\u00f6hm, the commander of the SA, while holding several high-ranking positions in the Nazi administration until he was executed during the Night of the Long Knives in June 1934.", "Q471973": "Amir Ansari (Persian: \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200e) is an Iranian American Chief Technology Officer and Co-Founder of Prodea Systems.\nAlong with his sister-in-law Anousheh Ansari, he made a multimillion-dollar contribution to the Ansari X Prize foundation on May 5, 2004, the 43rd anniversary of Alan Shepard's sub-orbital spaceflight. The X Prize was officially renamed the Ansari X Prize in honour of their donation.\nBorn in 1970 in Tehran, Iran, Ansari immigrated to the United States before the Iranian Revolution. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering and computer science at George Mason University. Amir, along with his brother Hamid and sister-in-law Anousheh Ansari, founded Telecom Technologies, Inc. (TTI) in 1993, and served as the company's CTO. TTI was acquired by Sonus Networks, Inc. in January 2001.Prodea has announced the formation of a partnership with Space Adventures, Ltd. and the Federal Space Agency of the Russian Federation (FSA) to create a fleet of suborbital spaceflight vehicles for global commercial use.\n\n", "Q9248": "Baku (; Azerbaijani: Bak\u0131, IPA: [b\u0251\u02c8c\u026f]) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. Baku is located 28 metres (92 ft) below sea level, which makes it the lowest lying national capital in the world and also the largest city in the world located below sea level. Baku lies on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, alongside the Bay of Baku. At the beginning of 2009, Baku's urban population was estimated at just over two million people. Officially, about 25% of all inhabitants of the country live in Baku's metropolitan area. Baku is the sole metropolis in Azerbaijan.\nBaku is divided into twelve administrative raions and 48 townships. Among these are the townships on the islands of the Baku Archipelago, and the town of Oil Rocks built on stilts in the Caspian Sea, 60 kilometres (37 miles) away from Baku. The Inner City of Baku, along with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower, were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000. According to the Lonely Planet's ranking, Baku is also among the world's top ten destinations for urban nightlife.The city is the scientific, cultural, and industrial center of Azerbaijan. Many sizeable Azerbaijani institutions have their headquarters there. The Baku International Sea Trade Port is capable of handling two million tons of general and dry bulk cargoes per year. In recent years, Baku has become an important venue for international events. It hosted the 57th Eurovision Song Contest in 2012, the 2015 European Games, 4th Islamic Solidarity Games, the F1 Azerbaijan Grand Prix since 2016, hosted the final of the 2018\u201319 UEFA Europa League, and will be one of the host cities for UEFA Euro 2020.\nThe city is renowned for its harsh winds, which is reflected in its nickname, the \"City of Winds\".", "Q320973": "Robert Ray Wisdom (born September 14, 1953) is an American actor best known for his roles as Howard \"Bunny\" Colvin in The Wire and Norman \"Lechero\" St. John in Prison Break.\n\n", "Q1200118": "Michael Allen \"Mickey\" Madden (born May 13, 1979) is an American musician. He is the bassist for the pop rock band Maroon 5.", "Q86890": "Johann Friedrich (May 5, 1836 \u2013 August 19, 1917) was a German theologian. He was prominent as a leader of the Old Catholics.", "Q311576": "Dirty Three is an Australian instrumental rock band, consisting of Warren Ellis (violin and bass guitar), Mick Turner (electric and bass guitars) and Jim White (drums), which formed in 1992. Their 1996 album Horse Stories was voted by Rolling Stone as one of the top three albums of the year. Two of their albums have peaked into the top 50 on the ARIA Albums Chart, Ocean Songs (1998) and Toward the Low Sun (2012). During their career they have spent much of their time overseas when not performing together. Turner is based in Melbourne, White lives in New York, and Ellis in Paris. Australian rock music historian Ian McFarlane described them as providing a \"rumbling, dynamic sound incorporated open-ended, improvisational, electric rock ... minus the jazz-rock histrionics\". In October 2010, Ocean Songs was listed in the book 100 Best Australian Albums.", "Q169461": "Anah\u00ed Giovanna Puente Portilla de Velasco (n\u00e9e Anah\u00ed Giovanna Puente Portilla), known mononymously as Anah\u00ed (Spanish pronunciation: [ana\u02c8i] born May 14, 1983), is a Mexican singer, songwriter, actress, recording artist, and dancer. In 1986, she started her career as a child actor at the age of two when she was cast on a Televisa production called Chiquilladas. She starred in many successful telenovelas, including Alondra (1995), Mujeres enga\u00f1adas (1999), Primer amor, a mil por hora (2000), Clase 406 (2003), Rebelde (2004), RBD: La familia (2007) and Dos hogares (2011). She is one of the most followed Latin artists on social media, being called the Queen of Twitter by Mexican press, as she was the first Mexican person to reach a million followers on Twitter.She sings in various languages apart from Spanish, including English, Portuguese and Italian. She was a member of the group RBD, which sold over 60 million albums worldwide and won seven Billboard Latin Music Awards.In 2009, she released her fifth solo album Mi Delirio, which sold a million copies worldwide. The album debuted at number two on Billboard's Latin Pop Albums chart and number four on Billboard's Top Latin Albums chart and was certified Gold in Brazil. In support of her album Mi Delirio, Mi Delirio World Tour, better known as \"MDWT\" was the first worldwide tour of Anahi, after RBD. According to Billboard, \"MDWT\" was the seventh most profitable tour of 2010.Her sixth studio album Inesperado (2016), was preceded by the hit singles \"Rumba\", \"Eres\" and \"Amnesia\". The single \"Rumba\", a collaboration with the reggaaton singer and producer Wisin, was peaked number one on Billboard's Tropical Songs chart. The album debuted on Billboard's Latin Pop Albums and Top Latin Albums charts, while it was number one on Billboard Brazil, with Anahi being the first Mexican artist to achieve that. She has sold over five million albums worldwide in her career as a solo artist, being the best-selling ex-RBD member in the United States.", "Q908187": "Philip Ball (born 1962) is a British science writer. For over twenty years he has been an editor of the journal Nature for which he continues to write regularly. He now writes a regular column in Chemistry World. He has contributed to publications ranging from New Scientist to the New York Times, The Guardian, the Financial Times and New Statesman. He is the regular contributor to Prospect magazine, and also a columnist for Chemistry World, Nature Materials and BBC Future. He has broadcast on many occasions on radio and TV, and in June 2004 he presented a three-part serial on nanotechnology, Small Worlds, on BBC Radio 4.\n\n", "Q120707": "Isabelle Morel (n\u00e9e de G\u00e9lieu, 9 July 1779 - 18 October 1834) was a French-speaking Swiss writer, translator and women of letters who was most notable for her novel Louise et Albert.", "Q385471": "The London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA) is a drama school located in Hammersmith, London. It is the oldest drama school in the UK. It is a founder member of the Federation of Drama Schools.It was announced on 16 January 2018 that Benedict Cumberbatch has succeeded Timothy West as LAMDA's President. LAMDA's Director is Sarah Frankcom, who succeeded Principal Joanna Read in 2019. In recent years, over 98% of LAMDA's stage management and technical theatre graduates have found work in their chosen field within weeks of graduation and the Academy's graduates work regularly at the Royal National Theatre, the Royal Shakespeare Company, Shakespeare's Globe, London's West End and Hollywood as well as on the BBC, HBO and Broadway. It is registered as a company under the name LAMDA Ltd and as a charity under its trading name London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. There is an associate organisation in America under the name of American Friends of LAMDA (AFLAMDA).LAMDA Examinations in the fields of speech, drama, communication and performance taken by external students are recognised by Ofqual, the regulator in England and its counterparts in Wales and Northern Ireland. LAMDA accredited examinations at Level 3 or above are recognised within the UCAS Tariff system.\nIn July 2018, LAMDA joined the register of Higher Education Providers, and receives funding directly from the Office for Students. This means that eligible UK/EU students are able to access loans to assist with their tuition fees and maintenance costs. LAMDA left the Conservatoire for Dance and Drama on 31 July 2019, having been an affiliate member since 2004.", "Q1508079": "George Ames Plimpton (March 18, 1927 \u2013 September 25, 2003) was an American journalist, writer, literary editor, actor and occasional amateur sportsman. He is widely known for his sports writing and for helping to found The Paris Review, as well as his patrician demeanor and accent. He was also famous for \"participatory journalism\" which included competing in professional sporting events, acting in a Western, performing a comedy act at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, and playing with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra and then recording the experience from the point of view of an amateur.", "Q543719": "Rachel Sweet (born July 28, 1962 in Akron, Ohio) is an American singer, television writer and actress.", "Q4786740": "Archie R. McCardell (August 29, 1926 \u2013 July 10, 2008) was an American business leader. He was best known for his tenure as chief executive officer, president, and chairman of the board at the International Harvester farm and heavy equipment manufacturing concern from 1977 to 1982. Although Harvester was the nation's fourth-largest company at the time he assumed control, McCardell triggered a strike by unionized employees which ended disastrously for the company and led to its eventual demise.", "Q160337": "Henry VI (6 December 1421 \u2013 21 May 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne at the age of nine months upon his father's death, and succeeded to the French throne on the death of his maternal grandfather Charles VI shortly afterwards.\nHenry inherited the long-running Hundred Years' War (1337\u20131453), in which his uncle Charles VII contested his claim to the French throne. He is the only English monarch to also have been crowned King of France (as Henry II, in 1431). His early reign, when several people were ruling for him, saw the pinnacle of English power in France, but subsequent military, diplomatic, and economic problems had seriously endangered the English cause by the time Henry was declared fit to rule in 1437. He found his realm in a difficult position, faced with setbacks in France and divisions among the nobility at home. Unlike his father, Henry is described as timid, shy, passive, well-intentioned, and averse to warfare and violence; he was also at times mentally unstable. His ineffective reign saw the gradual loss of the English lands in France. Partially in the hope of achieving peace, in 1445 Henry married Charles VII's niece, the ambitious and strong-willed Margaret of Anjou. The peace policy failed, leading to the murder of one of Henry's key advisers, William de la Pole, and the war recommenced, with France taking the upper hand; by 1453, Calais was Henry's only remaining territory on the continent.\nAs the situation in France worsened, there was a related increase in political instability in England. With Henry effectively unfit to rule, power was exercised by quarrelsome nobles, while factions and favourites encouraged the rise of disorder in the country. Regional magnates and soldiers returning from France formed and maintained increasing numbers of private armed retainers, with whom they fought one another, terrorised their neighbours, paralysed the courts, and dominated the government. Queen Margaret did not remain unpartisan, and took advantage of the situation to make herself an effective power behind the throne.\nAmidst military disasters in France and a collapse of law and order in England, the queen and her clique came under accusations, especially from Henry VI's increasingly popular cousin Richard of the House of York, of misconduct of the war in France and misrule of the country. Starting in 1453, Henry had a series of mental breakdowns, and tensions mounted between Margaret and Richard of York over control of the incapacitated king's government, and over the question of succession to the throne. Civil war broke out in 1455, leading to a long period of dynastic conflict known as the Wars of the Roses. Henry was deposed on 29 March 1461 after a crushing defeat at the Battle of Towton by Richard's son, who took the throne as Edward IV. Despite Margaret continuing to lead a resistance to Edward, Henry was captured by Edward's forces in 1465 and imprisoned in the Tower of London. Henry was restored to the throne in 1470, but Edward retook power in 1471, killing Henry's only son and heir in battle and imprisoning Henry once again.\nHaving \"lost his wits, his two kingdoms, and his only son\", Henry died in the Tower during the night of 21 May, possibly killed on the orders of Edward. Miracles were attributed to Henry after his death, and he was informally regarded as a saint and martyr until the 16th century. He left a legacy of educational institutions, having founded Eton College, King's College, Cambridge, and (together with Henry Chichele) All Souls College, Oxford. Shakespeare wrote a trilogy of plays about his life, depicting him as weak-willed and easily influenced by his wife, Margaret.", "Q129051": "Lines of Wellington (Portuguese: Linhas de Wellington) is a 2012 Franco-Portuguese epic war film and television series prepared by Chilean director Ra\u00fal Ruiz and completed by his widow Valeria Sarmiento. Its title refers to the historical Lines of Torres Vedras.\nThe film was in competition for the Golden Lion at the 69th Venice International Film Festival. It was also shown at the 2012 San Sebasti\u00e1n International Film Festival, the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the 2012 New York Film Festival. The film was selected as the Portuguese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.", "Q607685": "Priyanka Gandhi (born 12 January 1972), also known by her married name Priyanka Gandhi Vadra, is an Indian politician and the general secretary of the All India Congress Committee in charge of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. She is the daughter of Rajiv Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi, sister of Rahul Gandhi, and granddaughter of Feroze and Indira Gandhi, making her a member of the politically prominent Nehru-Gandhi family. She is also a trustee of Rajiv Gandhi Foundation.", "Q55404": "Ritwik Ghatak (listen ; 4 November 1925 \u2013 6 February 1976) was a noted Indian filmmaker and script writer. Along with prominent contemporary Bengali filmmakers Satyajit Ray and Mrinal Sen, his cinema is primarily remembered for its meticulous depiction of social reality, partition and feminism. Although their roles were often adversarial, they were ardent admirers of each other's work and, in doing so, the three directors charted the independent trajectory of parallel cinema, as a counterpoint to the mainstream fare of Hindi cinema in India. Ghatak received many awards in his career, including National Film Award's Rajat Kamal Award for Best Story in 1974 for his Jukti Takko Aar Gappo and Best Director's Award from Bangladesh Cine Journalist's Association for Titash Ekti Nadir Naam. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri for Arts in 1970.", "Q97751": "Emil Julius Carl Kessler (20 August 1813 - 16 March 1867) was a German businessman and founder of the Maschinenfabrik Esslingen ('Esslingen Engineering Works').", "Q215076": "Vanessa-Mae (\u9648\u7f8e Ch\u00e9n M\u011bi) (born 27 October 1978) also called Vanessa-Mae Vanakorn Nicholson, is a British violinist with album sales reaching several million, having made her the wealthiest entertainer under 30 in the United Kingdom in 2006. She competed under the name Vanessa Vanakorn (Thai: \u0e27\u0e32\u0e40\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e0b\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e13\u0e01\u0e23; her father's surname) for Thailand in alpine skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics. She was initially banned from skiing because a qualifying race for her benefit was alleged to be corrupt, but the Court of Arbitration for Sport later nullified the ban, citing lack of evidence for her own wrongdoing or any manipulation. The International Ski Federation later had to issue an apology to her.\n\n", "Q773676": "Craig Goldy is an American guitarist, most notably of the band Dio and Giuffria.", "Q505994": "Anthony Edward Visconti (born April 24, 1944) is an American record producer, musician and singer. Since the late 1960s, he has worked with an array of performers. His lengthiest involvement was with David Bowie: intermittently from the production and arrangement of Bowie's 1968 single \"In the Heat of the Morning\" / \"London Bye Ta-Ta\" to the 2016 release Blackstar, Visconti produced and occasionally performed on many of Bowie's albums. Visconti's work on Blackstar was cited in its Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical and his production of Angelique Kidjo's Djin Djin was cited in its Grammy Award for Best Contemporary World Music Album.", "Q146496": "Stjepan \"Stipe\" Mesi\u0107 (pronounced [stj\u00eapa\u02d0n st\u01d0\u02d0pe m\u011b\u02d0sit\u0361\u0255]; born 24 December 1934) is a Croatian lawyer and politician who served as President of Croatia from 2000 to 2010. Before serving two five-year terms as president, he was Prime Minister of SR Croatia (1990) after the first multi-party elections, the last President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1991) and consequently Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement (1991), as well as Speaker of the Croatian Parliament (1992\u20131994), a judge in Na\u0161ice and mayor of his hometown of Orahovica.Mesi\u0107 was a deputy in the Croatian Parliament in the 1960s, and was then absent from politics until 1990 when he joined the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), and was named President of the Executive Council (Prime Minister) of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (then still a constituent republic of the SFR Yugoslavia) after HDZ won the elections. His cabinet is, despite holding office before Croatia's independence, considered by the Government of Croatia to have been the first government cabinet of the current Croatian Republic. He later resigned from his post and was appointed to serve as the Socialist Republic of Croatia's membership of the Yugoslav federal presidency where he served first as vice president and then in 1991 as the last President of Yugoslavia before Yugoslavia dissolved.\nFollowing the breakup of Yugoslavia and Croatia's independence, Mesi\u0107 served as Speaker of the Croatian Parliament from 1992 to 1994, when he left HDZ. With several other members of parliament, he formed a new party called Croatian Independent Democrats (HND). In 1997 the majority of HND members, including Mesi\u0107, merged into the Croatian People's Party (HNS).After Franjo Tu\u0111man died in December 1999, Mesi\u0107 won the elections to become the next President of Croatia in February 2000. He was the last Croatian President to serve under a strong semi-presidential system, which foresaw the President as the most powerful official in the government structure and allowed him to appoint and dismiss the Prime Minister and his cabinet. This system was abolished in favor of an incomplete parliamentary system, which retained the direct election of the President but greatly reduced his powers in favor of strengthening the office of Prime Minister. He was re-elected in January 2005 for a second five-year term. Mesi\u0107 always topped the polls for the most popular politician in Croatia during his two terms.\n\n", "Q212719": "Wilfred Edward Salter Owen, MC (18 March 1893 \u2013 4 November 1918) was an English poet and soldier. He was one of the leading poets of the First World War. His war poetry on the horrors of trenches and gas warfare was heavily influenced by his mentor Siegfried Sassoon, and stood in stark contrast both to the public perception of war at the time and to the confidently patriotic verse written by earlier war poets such as Rupert Brooke. Among his best-known works \u2013 most of which were published posthumously \u2013 are \"Dulce et Decorum est\", \"Insensibility\", \"Anthem for Doomed Youth\", \"Futility\", \"Spring Offensive\" and \"Strange Meeting\".", "Q449220": "Bruce Beresford (; born 16 August 1940) is an Australian film director who has made more than 30 feature films over a 50-year career. Notable films he has directed include Breaker Morant (1980), Tender Mercies (1983), Crimes of the Heart (1986) and Driving Miss Daisy (1989).", "Q33959": "Nice (, NEESS; French pronunciation: \u200b[nis]; Ni\u00e7ard Occitan: Ni\u00e7a, classical norm, or Nissa, nonstandard, pronounced [\u02c8nisa]; Italian: Nizza [\u02c8nittsa]; Greek: \u039d\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1; Latin: Nicaea) is the seventh most populous urban area in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes department. The metropolitan area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of about 1 million on an area of 721 km2 (278 sq mi). Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur region after Marseille. Nice is approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from the principality of Monaco and 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the French-Italian border. Nice's airport serves as a gateway to the region.\nThe city is nicknamed Nice la Belle (Nissa La Bella in Ni\u00e7ard), which means Nice the Beautiful, which is also the title of the unofficial anthem of Nice, written by Menica Rondelly in 1912. The area of today's Nice contains Terra Amata, an archaeological site which displays evidence of a very early use of fire 380,000 years ago. Around 350 BC, Greeks of Marseille founded a permanent settlement and called it Nikaia, after Nike, the goddess of victory. Through the ages, the town has changed hands many times. Its strategic location and port significantly contributed to its maritime strength. For centuries it was a dominion of Savoy, and was then part of France between 1792 and 1815, when it was returned to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia until its re-annexation by France in 1860.\nThe natural environment of the Nice area and its mild Mediterranean climate came to the attention of the English upper classes in the second half of the 18th century, when an increasing number of aristocratic families took to spending their winters there. The city's main seaside promenade, the Promenade des Anglais (\"Walkway of the English\") owes its name to visitors to the resort.\nThe clear air and soft light have particularly appealed to notable painters, such as Marc Chagall, Henri Matisse, Niki de Saint Phalle and Arman. Their work is commemorated in many of the city's museums, including Mus\u00e9e Marc Chagall, Mus\u00e9e Matisse and Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts.\nNice has the second largest hotel capacity in the country and it is one of its most visited cities, receiving 4 million tourists every year. It also has the third busiest airport in France, after the two main Parisian ones. It is the historical capital city of the County of Nice (Comt\u00e9 de Nice).", "Q87542": "Ursula Thiess (May 15, 1924 \u2013 June 19, 2010) was a German film actress who had a brief Hollywood career in the 1950s.\nThiess began her career on the stage in her native Germany and by dubbing female voices in American films as Ursula Schmidt. After she married Georg Otto Thiess, she became Ursula Thiess and was featured in many German magazines, including several cover photos, as well as the cover of Life magazine, 1954, as an up and coming model, and she was dubbed the \"most beautiful woman in the world.\" She left postwar Germany at the urging of Howard Hughes and signed with RKO. She co-starred with Robert Stack in The Iron Glove (1952), Rock Hudson in Bengal Brigade (1954), Glenn Ford in The Americano (1955), and Robert Mitchum in Bandido (1956).", "Q524782": "Desmond Bagley (29 October 1923 \u2013 12 April 1983) was an English journalist and novelist principally known for a series of bestselling thrillers. Along with fellow British writers such as Hammond Innes and Alistair MacLean, Bagley set the basic conventions for the genre: a tough, resourceful, but essentially ordinary hero pitted against villains determined to sow destruction and chaos to advance their agenda.", "Q120713": "Gertrud Meyen (1919\u20132012) was a German stage and film actress. She was also a voice actor, dubbing foreign-language films for release in Germany. She was married to the actor Heinz Engelmann.\n\n", "Q667171": "James Mackenzie Fallows (born August 2, 1949) is an American writer and journalist. He has been a national correspondent for The Atlantic for many years. His work has also appeared in Slate, The New York Times Magazine, The New York Review of Books, The New Yorker and The American Prospect, among others. He is a former editor of U.S. News & World Report, and as President Jimmy Carter's chief speechwriter for two years was the youngest person ever to hold that job.Fallows has been a visiting professor at a number of universities in the U.S. and China, and holds the Chair in U.S. Media at the United States Studies Centre at University of Sydney. He is the author of eleven books, including National Defense, for which he received the 1983 National Book Award, Looking at the Sun (1994), Breaking the News (1996), Blind into Baghdad (2006), Postcards from Tomorrow Square (2009), China Airborne (2012), and Our Towns (2018).", "Q158870": "The S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung ([\u02c8zy\u02d0t\u02ccd\u0254\u028ft\u0283\u0259 \u02c8tsa\u026at\u028a\u014b]; German for South German Newspaper), published in Munich, Bavaria, is one of the largest daily newspapers in Germany.", "Q373481": "Emanuel \"Manny\" Farber (February 20, 1917 \u2013 18 August 2008) was an American painter, film critic and writer. Often described as \"iconoclastic\", Farber developed a distinctive prose style and set of theoretical stances which have had a large influence on later generations of film critics, influence on underground culture; Susan Sontag considered him to be \"the liveliest, smartest, most original film critic this country has ever produced.\"Farber's writing was distinguished by its \"visceral,\" punchy style and inventive approach towards language; amongst other things, he is credited with coining the term \"underground film\" in a 1957, and was an early advocate of such filmmakers as Howard Hawks, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Werner Herzog, William Wellman, Raoul Walsh, Anthony Mann, Michael Snow, Chantal Akerman, George Kuchar and Andy Warhol.Farber's painting, which was often influenced by his favorite filmmakers, is held in equally high regard; he was dubbed the greatest still life painter of his generation by The New York Times.Later in life, Farber focused more on art and teaching. He often worked in close collaboration with his wife, Patricia Patterson, also an artist.", "Q1692699": "The Royal Statistical Society (RSS) is one of the established statistical societies. It has three main goals. The RSS is a British learned society for statistics, a professional body for statisticians, and a charity which promotes statistics for the public good.", "Q16529": "The Calanda is a mountain in the Glarus Alps with two main peaks Haldensteiner Calanda (highest) and Felsberger Calanda (2697 m), both located on the border between the cantons of St. Gallen and Graub\u00fcnden in eastern Switzerland. It looms over Chur, the capital city of Graub\u00fcnden.\nAlthough other peaks with 286 metres Topographic prominence (for the Felsberger Calanda) would claim to be called mountain on their own, within this massive it is commonly spoken of only one mountain with different peaks due to its sole position - cut off by an old route of the Rhine river through Tamina Valley to its northwestern face and the actual Rhine Valley to the south and east.\nThe name Calanda derives from the Latin \"calare\", roughly meaning roll down, which refers to the ever-moving southern face that can be seen at Felsberg and is still an active rock slide.\n\nDue to the much steeper descent to the northwesterly Tamina valley most of the mountain lies on the territory of the canton of Graub\u00fcnden within the municipalities of Mastrils, Untervaz, Haldenstein, Felsberg and Tamins, whereas all of the Tamina valley side north of the territory of Tamins (which reaches north across the Kunkels pass) lies in the Canton of St. Gallen and the municipality of Pf\u00e4fers.\nSome secondary peaks are called Rossfallenspitz and G\u00fcllenchopf, whereas the names of Berger Calanda and Taminser Calanda do refer to points that could not really be called a peak but mark the end of a respective ridge.\nOn the northerly plateau of Felsberger Calanda there can be regularly seen Ibexes.\nOn the Haldenstein territory there is an alpine club mountain hut Calandah\u00fctte on 2073 m. \nThe summits can be reached from south on a Swiss grade T3, (Felsberger Calanda T4) which requests experience in hiking and an absence of Acrophobia to a certain degree.At Felsberg, the local produced wine is called Goldene Sonne, a reminder of a gold mine in the southern face of Calanda.", "Q133009": "Gro Harlem Brundtland (Norwegian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261ru\u02d0 \u02c8h\u0251\u0300\u02d0\u026d\u025bm \u02c8br\u0289\u0300ntl\u0251n\u02d0]; born Gro Harlem, 20 April 1939) is a Norwegian politician, who served three terms as Prime Minister of Norway (1981, 1986\u201389, and 1990\u201396) and as Director-General of the World Health Organization from 1998 to 2003. She is also known for having chaired the Brundtland Commission which presented the Brundtland Report on sustainable development.\nEducated as a physician, Brundtland joined the Labour Party and entered the government in 1974 as Minister of the Environment. She became the first female Prime Minister of Norway on 4 February 1981, but left office on 14 October 1981; she returned as Prime Minister on 9 May 1986 and served until 16 October 1989. She finally returned for her third term on 3 November 1990. From 1981 to 1992 she was leader of the Labour Party. After her surprise resignation as Prime Minister in 1996, she became an international leader in sustainable development and public health, and served as Director-General of the World Health Organization and as UN Special Envoy on Climate Change from 2007 to 2010. She is also deputy chair of The Elders and a former Vice-President of the Socialist International.\nBrundtland belonged to the moderate wing of her party and supported Norwegian membership in the European Union during the 1994 referendum. As Prime Minister Brundtland became widely known as the \"mother of the nation.\" Brundtland received the 1994 Charlemagne Prize, and has received many other awards and recognitions.", "Q20855983": "FC Cincinnati is an American professional soccer club based in Cincinnati, Ohio. The club plays in the Eastern Conference of Major League Soccer (MLS). The team succeeded the lower-division team of the same name and was announced on May 29, 2018, when MLS awarded an expansion franchise to Cincinnati. The team began MLS play on March 2, 2019 with its first match against Seattle Sounders FC. The club's ownership group is led by Carl H. Lindner III with Jeff Berding serving as president and Gerard Nijkamp as general manager.", "Q267386": "Raquel Castro (born (1994-11-17)November 17, 1994) is an American actress, singer and songwriter. She is known for starring in the 2004 film Jersey Girl, as Gertie Trink\u00e9, the daughter of Ollie Trink\u00e9 (Ben Affleck) and Gertrude Steiney (Jennifer Lopez), for which Castro won the Young Artist Award for the Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Actress Age Ten or Younger. She was a contestant in the American version of The Voice.", "Q57213": "James Last (German pronunciation: [t\u0283e\u026ams last,[1] d\u0283e\u026ams l\u0251\u02d0st]; born Hans Last; 17 April 1929 \u2013 9 June 2015), also known as Hansi, was a German composer and big band leader of the James Last Orchestra. Initially a jazz bassist (Last won the award for \"best bassist\" in Germany in each of the years 1950\u20131952), his trademark \"happy music\" made his numerous albums best-sellers in Germany and the United Kingdom, with 65 of his albums reaching the charts in the UK alone. His composition \"Happy Heart\" became an international success in interpretations by Andy Williams and Petula Clark.\nLast is reported to have sold an estimated 200 million albums worldwide in his lifetime (figures vary widely, for example British Hit Singles & Albums (2006) reports 100 million at that time), of which 80 million were sold by 1973 - and won numerous awards including 200 gold and 14 platinum discs in Germany, the International MIDEM Prize at MIDEM in 1969, and West Germany's highest civilian award, the Bundesverdienstkreuz (Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany) in 1978. His album This Is James Last remained a UK best-seller for 48 weeks, and his song \"Games That Lovers Play\" has been covered over a hundred times. Last undertook his final tour months before his death at age 86, upon discovering in September 2014 that an illness (the exact illness was never disclosed) had worsened. His final UK performance was his 90th at London's Royal Albert Hall, more than any other performer except Eric Clapton.Last's trademark sound employed big band arrangements of well-known tunes with a jaunty dance beat, often heavy on bass and brass. Despite at times being derided by critics and purists as the \"king of elevator music\" or \"acoustic porridge\", his style and music were popular in numerous countries and cultures, including Japan, the former Soviet Union, the USA and UK, and his native Germany, where it became \"the archetypal soundtrack of any German cellar bar party\", and made him the \"most commercially successful bandleader\" of the second half of the 20th century. Last's composition Jagerlatein is also widely celebrated in Ireland as \"The Sound of Summer\" due to use as the theme tune to The Sunday Game, a live sporting show which follows GAA Hurling and Gaelic Football All Ireland Championships since 1979\n\n", "Q372947": "George Raymond Stevenson (born 25 May 1964) is an Irish actor. He is known for playing Titus Pullo in the BBC/HBO television series Rome (2005\u20132007) and in film as Dagonet in King Arthur (2004). Stevenson has portrayed two Marvel Comics characters: Frank Castle/The Punisher in Punisher: War Zone and The Super Hero Squad Show; and Volstagg in Thor and its sequels Thor: The Dark World and Thor: Ragnarok. In the film Kill the Irishman, Stevenson portrayed Cleveland mobster Danny Greene. In 2012 he appeared in the seventh season of Dexter as Isaak Sirko. He also portrayed the character Blackbeard in the third and fourth seasons of Black Sails.\n\n", "Q229957": "Mary-Louise Parker (born August 2, 1964) is an American actress and writer. After making her stage debut as Rita in a Broadway production of Craig Lucas's Prelude to a Kiss in 1990 (for which she received a Tony Award nomination), Parker came to prominence for film roles in Grand Canyon (1991), Fried Green Tomatoes (1991), The Client (1994), Bullets over Broadway (1994), Boys on the Side (1995), The Portrait of a Lady (1996), and The Maker (1997). Among stage and independent film appearances thereafter, Parker received the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her portrayal of Catherine Llewellyn in David Auburn's Proof in 2001, among other accolades. Between 2001 and 2006, she recurred as Amy Gardner on the NBC television series The West Wing, for which she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2002. She received both the Golden Globe and Primetime Emmy Awards for her portrayal of Harper Pitt on the acclaimed HBO television miniseries Angels in America in 2003.\nParker went on to enjoy large success as Nancy Botwin, the lead role on the television series Weeds, which ran from 2005 to 2012 and for which she received three nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series between 2007 and 2009 and received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy in 2006.\nHer later film appearances include roles in The Spiderwick Chronicles (2008), Red (2010), R.I.P.D. (2013), and Red 2 (2013). Since 2007, Parker has contributed articles to Esquire magazine and published her memoir, Dear Mr. You, in 2015. In 2017, she starred as Roma Guy on the ABC television miniseries When We Rise. In 2018, she appeared as a political consultant in the show Billions on Showtime.", "Q1148872": "An impressionist or a mimic is a performer whose act consists of imitating sounds, the voice and mannerisms of people or animals. The word usually refers to a professional comedian/entertainer who specializes in such performances and has developed a wide repertoire of impressions, including adding to them, often to keep pace with current events. Impressionist performances are a classic casino entertainment genre.\nSomeone who imitates one particular person without claiming a wide range, such as a lookalike, is instead called an impersonator. In very broad contexts, \"impersonator\" may be substituted for \"impressionist\" where the distinction between the two is less important than avoiding confusion with the use of \"impressionist\" in painting and music.\nUsually the most \"impressive\" aspect of the performance is the vocal fidelity to the target \u2013 usually a politician or a famous person. Props may also be employed, such as glasses or hats, but these are now considered somewhat old-fashioned and cumbersome: the voice is expected to carry the act.\nBecause animated cartoons often lampoon famous people (sometimes obliquely), a facility for impressions is one of the marks of a successful voice actor. Many cartoon characters are intended to be recognized by the audience as evoking a specific celebrity, even when not explicitly named. With such indirect references, the entertainment value does not lie so much in the technical achievement of exactly reproducing the voice so much as in merely making it recognizable; the joke lies in the reference to a celebrity, not in its rendition.", "Q465912": "M\u00e4rta Eleonora Tikkanen (born 3 April 1935) is a Swedish-speaking Finnish writer.", "Q304609": "The Roots of Heaven is a 1958 American adventure film in CinemaScope and DeLuxe Color made for 20th Century Fox, directed by John Huston and produced by Darryl F. Zanuck. The screenplay by Romain Gary and Patrick Leigh Fermor is based on Romain Gary's 1956 Prix Goncourt winning novel The Roots of Heaven (Les racines du ciel).\nThe film starred Errol Flynn, Juliette Gr\u00e9co, Trevor Howard, Eddie Albert, Orson Welles, Paul Lukas, Herbert Lom and Gr\u00e9goire Aslan. The film itself was shot on location in French Equatorial Africa.Huston later said Roots of Heaven \"could have been a very fine film. And largely owing to me was not a good film at all.\"Filmink called it \"possibly the first big budget studio film about an eco-terrorist (unless you count Tarzan movies).\"", "Q15097107": "The Silent Sea is the seventh novel of Clive Cussler's Oregon Files series. The hardcover edition was released March 9, 2010. Other editions were released on other dates.", "Q122662": "Ulrich Horstmann (pseudonym: Klaus Steintal), (born 31 May 1949) in B\u00fcnde, is a German literary scholar and writer.\n\n", "Q665000": "The Grauspitz (Vorder Grauspitze or Vorder Grauspitz on some maps) is a mountain in the R\u00e4tikon range of the Alps, located on the border between Liechtenstein and Switzerland. With an elevation of 2,599 metres above sea level, the Grauspitz is the highest mountain in Liechtenstein. It is also the highest summit of the R\u00e4tikon range west of the Schesaplana massif.\nThe mountain lies between the valleys of Lawenatal (municipality of Triesen) on the north and the Fl\u00e4scher Tal (canton of Graub\u00fcnden, municipality of Fl\u00e4sch) on the south. Both sides of the Grauspitz are in the basin of the Rhine, which flows approximately seven kilometres west of the mountain.\nThe easiest route to the summit ascends over the Hinter Grauspitz (Schwarzhorn), and along a class 3\u20134 razor ridge.", "Q17151": "Thessaloniki (; Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b7, romanized: Thessalon\u00edki, [\u03b8esalo\u02c8nici] (listen)), also known as Thessalonica (English: ), Saloniki or Salonica (; \u03a3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b7, Salon\u00edki, [salo\u02c8nici]), is the second-largest city in Greece, with over 1 million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of the geographic region of Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace. It is also known in Greek as \u03b7 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 (i Simprot\u00e9vousa), literally \"the co-capital\", a reference to its historical status as the \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 (Simvasil\u00e9vousa) or \"co-reigning\" city of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, alongside Constantinople.Thessaloniki is located on the Thermaic Gulf, at the northwest corner of the Aegean Sea. It is bounded on the west by the delta of the Axios/Vardar. The municipality of Thessaloniki, the historical center, had a population of 325,182 in 2011, while the Thessaloniki Urban Area had a population of 824,676 and the Thessaloniki metropolitan area had 1,030,338 inhabitants in 2011. It is Greece's second major economic, industrial, commercial and political centre; it is a major transportation hub for Greece and southeastern Europe, notably through the Port of Thessaloniki. The city is renowned for its festivals, events and vibrant cultural life in general, and is considered to be Greece's cultural capital. Events such as the Thessaloniki International Fair and the Thessaloniki International Film Festival are held annually, while the city also hosts the largest bi-annual meeting of the Greek diaspora. Thessaloniki was the 2014 European Youth Capital.The city of Thessaloniki was founded in 315 BC by Cassander of Macedon. An important metropolis by the Roman period, Thessaloniki was the second largest and wealthiest city of the Byzantine Empire. It was conquered by the Ottomans in 1430, and remained an important seaport and multi-ethnic metropolis during the nearly five centuries of Turkish rule. It passed from the Ottoman Empire to Greece on 8 November 1912. It is home to numerous notable Byzantine monuments, including the Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as well as several Roman, Ottoman and Sephardic Jewish structures. The city's main university, Aristotle University, is the largest in Greece and the Balkans.Thessaloniki is a popular tourist destination in Greece. In 2013, National Geographic Magazine included Thessaloniki in its top tourist destinations worldwide, while in 2014 Financial Times FDI magazine (Foreign Direct Investments) declared Thessaloniki as the best mid-sized European city of the future for human capital and lifestyle. Among street photographers, the center of Thessaloniki is also considered the most popular destination for street photography in Greece.", "Q85433": "Doris Bures (born 3 August 1962) is an Austrian politician, member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria. She is the Second President of the Austrian National Council From September 2014 to November 2017, she was its President. From 2008 to 2014, she was the Austrian Federal Minister for infrastructure.\n\n", "Q516730": "Frank Ferrer (born March 25, 1966) is an American rock drummer. Ferrer is best known as the drummer for American rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he has played, toured, and recorded since 2006. Ferrer was also a member of The Psychedelic Furs, Love Spit Love as well as The Beautiful. He has recorded and worked with several high profile musicians including Robi \"Draco\" Rosa, Tool, Gordon Gano, PJ Harvey, Tommy Stinson, Nena, Frank Black of The Pixies, Neil Young, Perry Farrell and Cheetah Chrome of The Dead Boys.", "Q83042": "Neurology (from Greek: \u03bd\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd (ne\u00fbron), \"string, nerve\" and the suffix -logia, \"study of\") is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Neurology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the central and peripheral nervous systems (and their subdivisions, the autonomic and somatic nervous systems), including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, such as muscle. Neurological practice relies heavily on the field of neuroscience, the scientific study of the nervous system. \nA neurologist is a physician specializing in neurology and trained to investigate, or diagnose and treat neurological disorders. Neurologists may also be involved in clinical research, clinical trials, and basic or translational research. While neurology is a nonsurgical specialty, its corresponding surgical specialty is neurosurgery.Significant overlap occurs between the fields of neurology and psychiatry, with the boundary between the two disciplines and the conditions they treat being somewhat nebulous.", "Q827164": "Star Trek: Of Gods and Men is a non-canon three-part unofficial Star Trek fan mini-series which contains many cast members from the Star Trek TV series and movies. It is described by its producers as a \"40th Anniversary gift\" from Star Trek actors to their fans. It was filmed in 2006, but its release was delayed until 2007\u201308. It is not endorsed by the rightsholders of Star Trek, but has been covered on the official Star Trek website.", "Q66970": "Natalia W\u00f6rner (born 7 September 1967 in Stuttgart, West Germany) is a German actress.", "Q49993": "Ayahi Takagaki (\u9ad8\u57a3 \u5f69\u967d, Takagaki Ayahi, born October 25, 1985) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer. She had her first major voice acting roles in 2007, voicing Jasmine in Deltora Quest and Lucia Nahashi in Venus Versus Virus.\nHer career as a musician began with her performance of the opening themes of the anime series First Love Limited in April 2009. In the same month, she and three other voice actresses debuted as the musical group Sphere with their single \"Future Stream\". She announced her marriage on her blog on August 22, 2019.", "Q294568": "Henryk Miko\u0142aj G\u00f3recki (Polish: [\u02c8x\u025bnr\u0268k m\u02b2i\u02c8k\u0254waj \u0261u\u02c8r\u025btsk\u02b2i]; English pronunciation Goo-RET-ski; 6 December 1933 \u2013 12 November 2010) was a Polish composer of contemporary classical music. According to critic Alex Ross, no recent classical composer has had as much commercial success as G\u00f3recki. G\u00f3recki became a leading figure of the Polish avant-garde during the post-Stalin cultural thaw. His Webernian-influenced serialist works of the 1950s and 1960s were characterized by adherence to dissonant modernism and drew influence from Luigi Nono, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Krzysztof Penderecki and Kazimierz Serocki. He continued in this direction throughout the 1960s, but by the mid-1970s had changed to a less complex sacred minimalist sound, exemplified by the transitional Symphony No. 2 and the hugely popular Symphony No. 3 (Symphony of Sorrowful Songs). This later style developed through several other distinct phases, from such works as his 1979 Beatus Vir, to the 1981 choral hymn Miserere, the 1993 Kleines Requiem f\u00fcr eine Polka and his requiem Good Night.He was largely unknown outside Poland until the mid-to late 1980s, and his fame arrived in the 1990s. In 1992, 15 years after it was composed, a recording of his Third Symphony, Symphony of Sorrowful Songs\u2014recorded with soprano Dawn Upshaw and released to commemorate the memory of those lost during the Holocaust\u2014became a worldwide commercial and critical success, selling more than a million copies and vastly exceeding the typical lifetime sales of a recording of symphonic music by a 20th-century composer. As surprised as anyone at its popularity, G\u00f3recki said, \"Perhaps people find something they need in this piece of music [...] somehow I hit the right note, something they were missing. Something somewhere had been lost to them. I feel that I instinctively knew what they needed.\" This popular acclaim did not generate wide interest in G\u00f3recki's other works, and he pointedly resisted the temptation to repeat earlier success, or compose for commercial reward.\nApart from two brief periods studying in Paris and a short time living in Berlin, G\u00f3recki spent most of his life in southern Poland.", "Q434585": "Michael Craig Judge (born October 17, 1962) is an American animator, actor, voice artist, filmmaker, musician and former physicist. Judge is the creator of the television series Beavis and Butt-Head (1993\u201397, 2011), and co-creator of the television series King of the Hill (1997\u20132010), The Goode Family (2009), Silicon Valley (2014\u201319), and Mike Judge Presents: Tales from the Tour Bus (2017\u20132018). He also wrote and directed the films Beavis and Butt-Head Do America (1996), Office Space (1999), Idiocracy (2006), and Extract (2009).\nJudge was born in Ecuador and raised in the U.S. state of New Mexico. He graduated from the University of California, San Diego, where he studied physics. After losing interest in a career in science, Judge began to focus on animation and creating short films. One of these (Frog Baseball) was developed into the successful MTV series Beavis and Butt-Head, which eventually spawned a 1996 feature film, as well as the spin-off series Daria (which Judge had no involvement in).\nIn 1995, Judge and former The Simpsons writer Greg Daniels developed King of the Hill, which debuted on Fox in 1997 and quickly became a hit with both critics and audiences; running for 13 seasons, it became one of the longest-running American animated series. During the run of the show, Judge took some time off to write and direct Office Space, Idiocracy, and Extract. As King of the Hill was coming to an end, Judge created his third show, ABC's The Goode Family, which received mixed reviews and was cancelled after 13 episodes. After a four-year hiatus, he created his fourth show, the live-action Silicon Valley for HBO, which has received critical acclaim since its premiere. In 2017, Judge's fourth animated series, the music-themed Tales from the Tour Bus, premiered on Cinemax, to critical and audience acclaim.\nJudge has won a Primetime Emmy Award and two Annie Awards for King of the Hill and two Critics' Choice Television Awards and Satellite Awards for Silicon Valley.", "Q3771": "G\u00fctersloh (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261y\u02d0t\u0250slo\u02d0]) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the area of Westphalia and the administrative region of Detmold. G\u00fctersloh is the administrative centre for a district of the same name and has a population of 100,194 people.", "Q298352": "Lindsay Gordon Anderson (17 April 1923 \u2013 30 August 1994) was a British feature-film, theatre and documentary director, film critic, and leading-light of the Free Cinema movement and of the British New Wave. He is most widely remembered for his 1968 film if...., which won the Palme d'Or at Cannes Film Festival in 1969 and marked Malcolm McDowell's cinematic debut.\nHe is also notable, though not a professional actor, for playing a minor role in the Academy Award-winning 1981 film Chariots of Fire. McDowell produced a 2007 documentary about his experiences with Anderson, Never Apologize.\n\n", "Q53713": "Sven Olof Joachim Palme (; Swedish: [\u02c8\u00fb\u02d0l\u0254f \u02c8p\u00e2l\u02d0m\u025b] (listen); 30 January 1927 \u2013 28 February 1986) was a Swedish politician and statesman. A longtime prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Prime Minister Tage Erlander, Palme led the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1969 until his assassination in 1986, and was twice Prime Minister of Sweden, heading a Privy Council Government from 1969 to 1976 and a cabinet government from 1982 until his death. Electoral defeats in 1976 and 1979 marked the end of Social Democratic hegemony in Swedish politics, which had seen 40 years of unbroken rule by the party. While leader of the opposition, he parted domestic and international interests and served as special mediator of the United Nations in the Iran\u2013Iraq War, and was President of the Nordic Council in 1979. He returned as Prime Minister after electoral victories in 1982 and 1985.\nPalme was a pivotal and polarizing figure domestically as well as in international politics from the 1960s. He was steadfast in his non-alignment policy towards the superpowers, accompanied by support for numerous third world liberation movements following decolonization including, most controversially, economic and vocal support for a number of Third World governments. He was the first Western head of government to visit Cuba after its revolution, giving a speech in Santiago praising contemporary Cuban and Cambodian revolutionaries.\nFrequently a critic of United States and Soviet foreign policy, he resorted to fierce and often polarizing criticism in pinpointing his resistance towards imperialist ambitions and authoritarian regimes, including those of Francisco Franco of Spain, Leonid Brezhnev of the Soviet Union, Ant\u00f3nio de Oliveira Salazar of Portugal and Gust\u00e1v Hus\u00e1k of Czechoslovakia, as well as John Vorster and P. W. Botha of South Africa. His 1972 condemnation of the Hanoi bombings, notably comparing the tactic to the Treblinka extermination camp, resulted in a temporary freeze in Sweden\u2013United States relations.\nPalme's murder on a Stockholm street on 28 February 1986 was the first assassination of a national leader in Sweden since Gustav III in 1792, and had a great impact across Scandinavia. Local convict and addict Christer Pettersson was originally convicted of the murder in district court but was acquitted on appeal to the Svea Court of Appeal.", "Q87224": "Josef Haslinger (born July 5, 1955) is an Austrian writer.\nHaslinger was born in Zwettl, Lower Austria. He studied philosophy, drama and Germanic studies. He received his PhD in 1980.\nIn 1995 he was a lecturer at the University of Kassel and wrote parts of his political thriller novel, Opera Ball there.\nHaslinger has taught since 1996 as a professor of literary aesthetics at the German Literature Institute in Leipzig.", "Q2840866": "Amadou Gon Coulibaly (born 10 February 1959) is an Ivorian politician who has been Prime Minister of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire since January 2017. He previously served as secretary general of the presidency under President Alassane Ouattara from 2011 to 2017.", "Q3218884": "Laurence Danon Arnaud (born 6 January 1956) is a French businesswoman. She is Chairman of her Family office Primerose SAS.", "Q306778": "Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy is a 1955 horror comedy film directed by Charles Lamont and starring the comedy team of Abbott and Costello. It is the 28th and final Abbott and Costello film produced by Universal-International.\n\n", "Q179100": "Enough is a 2002 American thriller film directed by Michael Apted. The movie is based on the 1998 novel Black and Blue, by Anna Quindlen, which was a New York Times bestseller. It stars Jennifer Lopez as Slim, an abused wife who learns to fight back. Enough garnered generally negative reviews from film critics.\n\n", "Q1381360": "Henri de La Croix de Castries (born 15 August 1954) is a French businessman. He was chairman and CEO of AXA until retiring from both roles on 1 September 2016.", "Q72905": "Peter Lehmann (born 3 September 1950 in Calw, Black Forest, West Germany) is an author, social scientist, publisher, provider of a mail-order book-service and an independent freelance activist in humanistic anti-psychiatry, living in Berlin, Germany.", "Q494733": "Gelnhausen is a town, and the capital of the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is located approximately 40 kilometers east of Frankfurt am Main, between the Vogelsberg mountains and the Spessart range at the river Kinzig. It is one of the eleven towns (urban municipalities) in the district. Gelnhausen has around 22,000 inhabitants.", "Q24301991": "Christopher Robin is a 2018 American fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Marc Forster and written by Alex Ross Perry, Tom McCarthy, and Allison Schroeder, from a story by Greg Brooker and Mark Steven Johnson. The film is inspired by A. A. Milne and E. H. Shepard's Winnie-the-Pooh books and is a live-action/CGI follow-up of the Disney franchise of the same name. The film stars Ewan McGregor as the title character, alongside Hayley Atwell as his wife Evelyn and Bronte Carmichael as their daughter Madeline Robin with the voices of Jim Cummings, Brad Garrett, Nick Mohammed, Peter Capaldi, Sophie Okonedo, Sara Sheen, and Toby Jones. The story follows an adult Christopher Robin as he loses his sense of imagination, only to be reunited with his old stuffed bear friend, Winnie-the-Pooh.\nPlans of a live-action Winnie the Pooh adaptation were announced in April 2015, and Forster was confirmed as director in November 2016. McGregor signed on as Christopher Robin in April 2017 and principal photography began in August of that year in the United Kingdom, lasting until November.\nChristopher Robin had its premiere in Burbank, California on July 30, 2018. Released in the United States on August 3, 2018, by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, the film grossed over $197 million worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing film in Disney's Winnie the Pooh franchise surpassing The Tigger Movie released in 2000, and received mostly positive reviews from critics, with praise for McGregor, Cummings, and Garrett's performances, musical score, and visual effects. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects at the 91st Academy Awards.\n\n", "Q96329": "Elfriede Alice \"Piete\" Kuhr (1902 \u2013 1989), known professionally as Jo Mihaly, was a German dancer and writer.", "Q151854": "Jos\u00e9 \"Pep\u00edn\" Bello Lasierra (13 May 1904 \u2013 11 January 2008) was a Spanish intellectual and writer.\nBello, born in Huesca, Aragon, was the son of engineer Severino Po\u00ebysuan Bello. His parents were friends of such Spanish intellectuals as Joaquin Costa, Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, and Francisco Giner de los Rios. At the age of eleven, he participated in the Madrid artist promotion \"Residencia de Estudiantes de Madrid\" where he met Salvador Dal\u00ed, Luis Bu\u00f1uel, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, and Rafael Alberti.\nBello, who studied medicine, was a profound influence on his creative contemporaries. Even though some of his paintings, which he called \"Artists Without Deeds\", were published, he was known mainly as the organizer of art events. He also managed a hydropower plant in the province of Huesca, operated a tannery in Burgos, and owned a drive-in theatre in Madrid. None of these business ventures, however, were ultimately successful.\nBello died in his sleep in Madrid at the age of 103. He was regarded as the last survivor of the \"Generation of '27\" and the only member to survive into the 21st Century, but Francisco Ayala, who died in 2009, later came to be regarded as the last surviving member of the generation.", "Q91446": "Wolfgang Kubin (Chinese: \u987e\u5f6c; pinyin: G\u00f9 B\u012bn; born December 17, 1945 in Celle) is a German poet, essayist, sinologist and translator of literary works. He is the former director of the Institute for Oriental and Asian Studies at the University of Bonn, Germany. Kubin has frequently been a guest professor at universities in China, for instance at Beijing Foreign Studies University, but also in Madison, Wisconsin and in Jerusalem. Since 1989, Kubin has been the editor of the journals ORIENTIERUNGEN: Zeitschrift zur Kultur Asiens and Minima sinica: Zeitschrift zum chinesischen Geist.", "Q1166": "Michigan ( (listen)) is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States. Its name originates from the Ojibwe word mishigami, meaning \"large water\" or \"large lake\". With a population of just under 10 million, Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area, and is the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River. Its capital is Lansing, and its largest city is Detroit. Metro Detroit is among the nation's most populous and largest metropolitan economies.\nMichigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula is often noted as being shaped like a mitten. The Upper Peninsula (often called \"the U.P.\") is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, a five-mile (8 km) channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan. The Mackinac Bridge connects the peninsulas. The state has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, plus Lake Saint Clair. Michigan also has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds.The area was first occupied by a succession of Native American tribes over thousands of years. Inhabited by Natives, M\u00e9tis, and French explorers in the 17th century, it was claimed as part of New France colony. After France's defeat in the French and Indian War in 1762, the region came under British rule. Britain ceded this territory to the newly independent United States after Britain's defeat in the American Revolutionary War. The area was part of the larger Northwest Territory until 1800, when western Michigan became part of the Indiana Territory. Michigan Territory was formed in 1805, but some of the northern border with Canada was not agreed upon until after the War of 1812. Michigan was admitted into the Union in 1837 as the 26th state, a free one. It soon became an important center of industry and trade in the Great Lakes region and a popular emigre destination in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.\nAlthough Michigan developed a diverse economy, it is widely known as the center of the U.S. automotive industry, which developed as a major economic force in the early 20th century. It is home to the country's three major automobile companies (whose headquarters are all within the Detroit metropolitan area). While sparsely populated, the Upper Peninsula is important for tourism due to its abundance of natural resources, while the Lower Peninsula is a center of manufacturing, forestry, agriculture, services, and high-tech industry.", "Q3300749": "Enrique Carlos Alberto Mosconi (21 February 1877 \u2013 4 June 1940) was an Argentine military engineer, who is best known as the pioneer and organizer of petroleum exploration and extraction in Argentina.", "Q352301": "Duncan Suttles (born 21 December 1945) is a Grandmaster (chess) of chess who was the strongest Canadian player between the eras of Abe Yanofsky and Kevin Spraggett. He is one of the few over-the-board grandmasters who also holds the title of Grandmaster of International Correspondence Chess. Suttles has been inactive in over-the-board play since the mid-1980s. He currently serves with the software firm Magnetar Games, as President and Chief Technologist.\n\n", "Q49763": "The Christian Social Union in Bavaria (Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern , CSU) is a Christian-democratic and conservative political party in Germany. The CSU operates only in Bavaria while its larger counterpart, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), operates in the other fifteen states of Germany. It differs from the CDU by being somewhat more conservative in social matters. The CSU is considered an effective successor of the Weimar-era Catholic Bavarian People's Party (BVP).At the federal level, the CSU forms a common faction in the Bundestag with the CDU, which is frequently referred to as the Union Faction (die Unionsfraktion). The CSU has had 46 seats in the Bundestag since the 2017 federal election, making it the smallest of the seven parties represented. The CSU is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and the International Democrat Union. The CSU currently has three ministers in the cabinet of Germany of the federal government in Berlin, including former party leader Horst Seehofer who is Federal Minister of the Interior while party leader Markus S\u00f6der serves as Minister-President of Bavaria, a position that CSU representatives have held from 1946 to 1954 and again since 1957.", "Q912685": "Brian Aubrey Marshall (born April 24, 1973) is an American musician, songwriter, record producer, and real estate broker best known as the bassist and co-founder of the rock bands Creed and Alter Bridge.", "Q76593": "Gustav Heinrich Johann Apollon Tammann (9 June [O.S. 28 May] 1861 \u2013 17 December 1938) was a prominent Baltic German chemist-physicist who made important contributions in the fields of glassy and solid solutions, heterogeneous equilibria, crystallization, and metallurgy.", "Q28389": "A screenplay writer (also called screenwriter for short), scriptwriter or scenarist is a writer who practices the craft of screenwriting, writing screenplays on which mass media, such as films, television programs and video games, are based.", "Q47996": "Alt-J (stylised as alt-J) is an English indie rock band formed in 2007 in Leeds, by Joe Newman (guitar/lead vocals), Thom Sonny Green (drums), Gus Unger-Hamilton (keyboards/vocals) and Gwil Sainsbury (guitar/bass).\nThe band's debut album An Awesome Wave was released in May 2012 in Europe, and in September 2012 in the United States, and won the 2012 British Mercury Prize. Gwil Sainsbury amicably departed the band in early 2014. Their second album, This Is All Yours, was released on 22 September 2014 and went straight to UK number one. As a replacement for Sainsbury, Cameron Knight became a supporting member for alt-J's live shows, playing guitar, bass and sampler. In 2017, the band released their third studio album, Relaxer, and are currently playing as a trio.", "Q66958": "Oberhelfenschwil is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q4036": "Richard Steven Horvitz (born July 29, 1966), sometimes credited as Richard Wood, is an American actor and voice actor. His voice credits include the original Alpha 5 on Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, Power Rangers Zeo and Power Rangers Turbo, Raz in Psychonauts, Kaos in Skylanders, Billy in The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy, Grey Matter in Ben 10, Daggett in The Angry Beavers, the titular character in Invader Zim, Orthopox in Destroy All Humans!, the Zoni in Ratchet & Clank, Bumble in Kinectimals, the Space Weaver in Broken Age, and Moxxie in the recent pilot Helluva Boss by Vivziepop.", "Q122892": "Bromley is a large town in Greater London, England, and the principal town of the London Borough of Bromley. Its location is 9.3 miles (15.0 km) south-east of Charing Cross, The town, which is also made up of Bickley, Downham, Sundridge, Hayes, Shortlands, Keston and Leaves Green, had a population of 87,889 as of 2011, whilst the borough overall had a population of 331,096.\nHistorically a market town, chartered in 1158, Bromley was an ancient parish in the county of Kent. Its location on a coaching route and the opening of a railway station in 1858 were key to its development, and the shift from an agrarian village to commerce and retail. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Bromley significantly increased in population and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1903. Part of Greater London since 1965, Bromley today forms a major retail and commercial centre.", "Q508526": "Derega Yaroslav (Ukrainian: \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0491\u0430 \u042f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447). Born July 15, 1955 in Lviv, Ukraine, Ukrainian sinologist, linguist, educator, journalist, polyglot.\n\n", "Q206022": "Andrew Paul Britton (January 6, 1981 \u2013 March 18, 2008) was a British-born spy novelist who immigrated to the United States with his family at age seven. He published his first novel at age 23, his books were translated for international sales, and have been posted on the extended The New York Times bestseller list.", "Q19154": "Graham William Walker (born 4 April 1963), known professionally as Graham Norton, is an Irish television and radio presenter, comedian, actor, author, and commentator based in the United Kingdom. He is a five-time BAFTA TV Award winner for his comedy chat show The Graham Norton Show and an eight-time award winner, overall. Originally shown on BBC Two before moving to other slots on BBC One, it succeeded Friday Night with Jonathan Ross in BBC One's prestigious late-Friday-evening slot in 2010.He also presents on BBC Radio 2 and is the BBC television commentator of the Eurovision Song Contest, which led Hot Press to describe him as \"the 21st century's answer to Terry Wogan\". Norton is known for his innuendo-laden dialogue and flamboyant presentation style. In 2012, he sold his production company, So Television, to ITV for around \u00a317 million. In 2019, Norton became a judge on RuPaul's Drag Race UK.", "Q165501": "Die\u00dfen am Ammersee is a municipality in the district of Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany. It is located on the shores of Ammersee lake.", "Q90770": "Dagmar von Mutius (1919\u20132008) was a German writer.", "Q910092": "Domenico Guglielmini (Bologna, 27 September 1655 - Padua, 27 July 1710) was an Italian mathematician, chemist and physician.He lived and worked with success in Bologna and Padua rising to a notable level of prominence.", "Q54054": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw IV Vasa or Ladislaus IV Vasa (9 June 1595 \u2013 20 May 1648) was king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, of the House of Vasa, who ruled from 1632 until his death in 1648. W\u0142adys\u0142aw IV was the son of Sigismund III Vasa (Polish: Zygmunt III Waza) and his wife, Anna of Austria (also known as Anna of Habsburg).\nW\u0142adys\u0142aw was elected Tsar of Russia by the Seven Boyars in 1610 when the Polish army captured Moscow, but did not assume the throne due to his father's position and a popular uprising. Nevertheless, until 1634 he used the title of Grand Duke of Muscovy. Elected king of Poland in 1632, he was fairly successful in defending the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth against invasion, most notably in the Smolensk War of 1632\u201334, in which he participated personally. He supported religious tolerance and carried out military reforms, such as the founding of the Commonwealth Navy. He was also a renowned patron of the arts and music. He failed, however, to realize his dreams of regaining the Swedish crown, gaining fame by defeating the Ottoman Empire, strengthening royal power, and reforming the Commonwealth.\nHe died without a legitimate male heir and was succeeded to the Polish throne by his half-brother, John II Casimir Vasa (Jan Kazimierz Waza). W\u0142adys\u0142aw's death marked the end of relative stability in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, as conflicts and tensions that had been growing over several decades came to a head with devastating consequences, notably the largest of the Cossack uprisings \u2013 the Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648) \u2013 and the Swedish invasion (\"the Deluge\", 1655\u201360).", "Q503473": "The University of Geneva (French: Universit\u00e9 de Gen\u00e8ve) is a public research university located in Geneva, Switzerland.\nIt was founded in 1559 by John Calvin as a theological seminary and law school. It remained focused on theology until the 17th century, when it became a center for Enlightenment scholarship. In 1873, it dropped its religious affiliations and became officially secular. Today, the university is the third largest university in Switzerland by number of students. In 2009, the University of Geneva celebrated the 450th anniversary of its founding. Almost 40% of the students come from foreign countries.\nThe university holds and actively pursues teaching, research, and community service as its primary objectives. In 2016, it was ranked 53rd worldwide by the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, 89th by the QS World University Rankings, and 131st in the TIMES Higher Education World University Ranking.UNIGE is a member of the League of European Research Universities (including academic institutions such as Amsterdam, Cambridge, Heidelberg, Helsinki and Milan) the Coimbra Group and the European University Association.", "Q291438": "Betty Gleadle (11 December 1921 \u2013 24 December 2016), known by the stage name Liz Smith, was an English character actress, known for her roles in BBC sitcoms, including as Annie Brandon in I Didn't Know You Cared (1975\u201379), the sisters Bette and Belle in 2point4 Children (1991\u201399), Letitia Cropley in The Vicar of Dibley (1994\u201396) and Norma Speakman (\"Nana\") in The Royle Family (1998\u20132006). She also played Zillah in Lark Rise to Candleford (2008) and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the 1984 film A Private Function.", "Q2593047": "Faust is a 1994 film directed by Jan \u0160vankmajer. It merges live-action footage with stop-motion animation and includes puppetry and claymation. The film was produced by Jarom\u00edr Kallista and the title character is played by Petr \u010cepek. The film does not relate the legend of Faustus accurately according to the original, instead borrowing and blending elements from the story as told by Goethe and Christopher Marlowe with traditional folk renditions. It has elements of Modernism and Absurdism, and has a Kafkaesque atmosphere, enhanced by being set in Prague, and the tone is dark but humorous. The voices in the English version were provided by Andrew Sachs. The film was selected as the Czech entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 67th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "Q984181": "Uffe Elb\u00e6k (born 15 June 1954, Ry H\u00f8jskole) is a Danish politician, social worker, author, journalist, entrepreneur. In 2013 he founded the green political party The Alternative, which he led until February 2020.\nFrom 3 October 2011 to December 2012 he served as the Danish Minister of Culture.\nHe was originally a member of the Danish Social Liberal Party, but left in September 2013 to launch The Alternative with Josephine Fock. The Alternative received 4.8% of the popular vote at the parliamentary election in Denmark on 18 June and secured nine seats in the parliament. He was later nominated by the party to run for Prime Minister in the 2019 Danish general election, but lost to the leader of the Social Democrats, Mette Frederiksen.Elb\u00e6k announced on 16 December 2019 that he would stand down as political leader of The Alternative on 1 February 2020. He remains in the Folketing. He was succeeded by Josephine Fock.", "Q192837": "Sherlock is a British crime television series based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes detective stories. Created by Steven Moffat and Mark Gatiss, it stars Benedict Cumberbatch as Sherlock Holmes and Martin Freeman as Doctor John Watson. 13 episodes have been produced, with four three-part series airing from 2010 to 2017, and a special episode that aired on 1 January 2016. The series is set in the present day, while the one-off special features a Victorian period fantasy resembling the original Holmes stories. Sherlock is produced by the British network BBC, along with Hartswood Films, with Moffat, Gatiss, Sue Vertue and Rebecca Eaton serving as executive producers. The series is supported by the American station WGBH-TV Boston for its Masterpiece anthology series on PBS, where it also airs in the United States. The series is primarily filmed in Cardiff, Wales, with North Gower Street in London used for exterior shots of Holmes and Watson's 221B Baker Street residence.\nSherlock has been praised for the quality of its writing, acting, and direction. It has been nominated for numerous awards including Emmys, BAFTAs and a Golden Globe, winning several awards across a variety of categories. The show won in three categories at the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards including Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for Cumberbatch, Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for Freeman and Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special for Moffat. Two years later, it won Outstanding Television Movie. In addition, the show was also honoured with a Peabody Award in 2011. The third series became the UK's most watched drama series since 2001. Sherlock has been sold to 180 territories.All of the series have been released on DVD and Blu-ray, alongside tie-in editions of selected original Conan Doyle stories and an original soundtrack composed by David Arnold and Michael Price. In January 2014, the show launched its official mobile app called Sherlock: The Network.", "Q346374": "John David Souther (born November 2, 1945) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor. He has written and co-written songs recorded by Linda Ronstadt and the Eagles.", "Q101093": "Klaus-Peter Siegloch (born May 15, 1946 in Hamburg) is a former German journalist and lobbyist.", "Q1628": "David George Brownlow Cecil, 6th Marquess of Exeter, KCMG (9 February 1905 \u2013 22 October 1981), styled Lord Burghley before 1956 and also known as David Burghley, was an English athlete, sports official, peer, and Conservative Party politician. He won the gold medal in the 400 m hurdles at the 1928 Summer Olympics.", "Q121425": "Michael Koch (born July 2, 1982 in Lucerne) is a Swiss film director and actor.\n\n", "Q129079": "Paul Verhoeven (Dutch: [\u02c8p\u028cu\u032fl v\u0259r\u02c8\u0266uv\u0259(n)]; born 18 July 1938) is a Dutch director, screenwriter and film producer. Active in both the Netherlands and Hollywood, Verhoeven's blending of graphic violence and sexual content with social satire are trademarks of both his drama and science fiction films. He directed the films Turkish Delight (1973), Soldier of Orange (1977), The Fourth Man (1983), Flesh and Blood (1985), RoboCop (1987), Total Recall (1990), Basic Instinct (1992), Showgirls (1995), Starship Troopers (1997), Hollow Man (2000), Black Book (2006) and Elle (2016).\nTurkish Delight received the award for Best Dutch Film of the Century at the Netherlands Film Festival. His films altogether received a total of nine Academy Award nominations, mainly for editing and effects. Verhoeven won the Saturn Award for Best Director for RoboCop. His Dutch war film Black Book (2006) was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language and was voted by the Dutch public, in 2008, as the best Dutch film ever made. In contrast, he won the Golden Raspberry Awards for Worst Picture and Worst Director for Showgirls; he is one of the few people to have accepted their Golden Raspberry awards in person, and was the first person to go to the ceremony to receive it. In 2016 he directed Elle, which won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film.\nThe Seattle Times praised Verhoeven by saying, \"director Paul Verhoeven often appears to be a one-man Dutch movie industry,\" while The San Diego Union-Tribune called Verhoeven \"a busy bee whose movies pollinate the festival circuit.\"", "Q62280": "Duke Maximilian Emanuel in Bavaria, full German name: Maximilian Emanuel, Herzog in Bayern (7 December 1849 in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria \u2013 12 June 1893 in Feldafing, Kingdom of Bavaria) was a Duke in Bavaria and member of the House of Wittelsbach. Maximilian Emanuel was the tenth and youngest child of Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria and his wife Princess Ludovika of Bavaria. Maximilian Emanuel was the brother of Elisabeth of Bavaria, Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary.", "Q483501": "An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art. The common usage in both everyday speech and academic discourse is a practitioner in the visual arts only. The term is often used in the entertainment business, especially in a business context, for musicians and other performers (less often for actors). \"Artiste\" (the French for artist) is a variant used in English only in this context; this use has become rare. Use of the term to describe writers, for example, is valid, but less common, and mostly restricted to contexts like criticism.", "Q4532507": "John Michael Erlewine (; born July 18, 1941) is an American musician, astrologer, photographer, TV host, publisher and Internet entrepreneur who founded the music online database site AllMusic (formerly known then as All Music Guide) in 1991.", "Q458305": "Sarah Douglas (born 12 December 1952) is an English actress. She is perhaps best known for playing the Kryptonian supervillain Ursa in Superman (1978) and Superman II (1980), and Jinda Kol Rozz in one episode of Supergirl in 2018.\nHer other prominent roles include that of the evil Queen Taramis in the 1984 film Conan the Destroyer, and Pamela Lynch in the 1980s primetime drama series Falcon Crest (1983\u201385).", "Q1038417": "Carl Graham Fisher (January 12, 1874 \u2013 July 15, 1939) was an American entrepreneur. Despite severe astigmatism, he became actively involved in auto racing. He was a seemingly tireless pioneer and promoter of the automotive industry and highway construction, and of real estate development in Florida. He is widely regarded as a promotional genius.Despite family financial strains and a disability, in the late 19th century he became a bicycle enthusiast and opened a modest bicycle shop with a brother. He became involved in bicycle racing, as well as many activities related to the emerging American auto industry. In 1904, Carl Fisher and his friend James A. Allison bought an interest in the U.S. patent to manufacture acetylene headlights, a precursor to electric models which became common about ten years later. Soon Fisher's firm supplied nearly every headlamp used on automobiles in the United States as manufacturing plants were built all over the country to supply the demand. The headlight patent made him rich as an automotive parts supplier when he and Allison sold their company, Prest-O-Lite, to Union Carbide in 1913 for $9 million (equivalent of approximately $230 million in 2019).Fisher operated in Indianapolis what is believed to be the first automobile dealership in the United States, and also worked at developing an automobile racetrack locally. After being injured in stunts himself, and following a safety debacle at the new Indianapolis Motor Speedway, of which he was a principal, he helped develop paved racetracks and public roadways. Improvements he implemented at the speedway led to its nickname, \"The Brickyard.\"\nIn 1912, Fisher conceived and helped develop the Lincoln Highway, the first road for the automobile across the entire United States of America. A convoy trip a few years later by the U.S. Army along Fisher's Lincoln Highway was a major influence upon then Lt. Col. Dwight D. Eisenhower years later in championing the Interstate Highway System during his presidency in the 1950s.\nCarl Fisher followed the east-west Lincoln Highway in 1914 with the conception of the north-south Dixie Highway, which led from Michigan to Miami. Under his leadership, the initial portion was completed within a single year, and he led an automobile caravan to Florida from Indiana.\nAt the south end of the Dixie Highway in Miami, Florida, Fisher, with the assistance of his partners John Graham McKay and Thomas Walkling, became involved in the successful real estate development of the new resort city of Miami Beach, built on a largely unpopulated barrier island and reached by the new Collins Bridge across Biscayne Bay directly at the terminus of the Dixie Highway. Fisher was one of the best known and active promoters of the Florida land boom of the 1920s. By 1926, he was worth an estimated $100 million, and redirected his promotional efforts when the Florida real estate market bubble burst after 1925. His final major project, cut short by the Great Depression, was a \"Miami Beach of the north\" at Montauk, located at the eastern tip of Long Island, New York.\nHis fortune was lost in the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression in the United States which followed shortly thereafter. He found himself living in a small cottage in Miami Beach, doing minor work for old friends. Nevertheless, years after his fortune had been lost, at the end of his career, he took on one more project, albeit more modest than many of his past ventures, and built the famous Caribbean Club on Key Largo, intended as a \"poor man's retreat.\"\nAlthough he had lost his fortune and late in life considered himself a failure, Fisher is widely regarded as a decidedly successful man in the long view of his life. He was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1971. In a 1998 study judged by a panel of 56 historians, writers, and others, Carl G. Fisher was named one of the Fifty Most Influential People in the history of the State of Florida by The Ledger newspaper. PBS labeled him \"Mr. Miami Beach.\" Just south of Miami Beach, Fisher Island (which he once owned, and is named for him), became one of the wealthiest and most exclusive residential areas in the United States.", "Q64829": "Bretzwil is a municipality in the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q184933": "Leo\u0161 Jan\u00e1\u010dek (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8l\u025bo\u0283 \u02c8jana\u02d0t\u0283\u025bk] (listen), baptised Leo Eugen Jan\u00e1\u010dek; 3 July 1854 \u2013 12 August 1928) was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist and teacher. He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic folk music to create an original, modern musical style.Until 1895 he devoted himself mainly to folkloristic research. While his early musical output was influenced by contemporaries such as Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, his later, mature works incorporate his earlier studies of national folk music in a modern, highly original synthesis, first evident in the opera Jen\u016ffa, which was premiered in 1904 in Brno. The success of Jen\u016ffa (often called the \"Moravian national opera\") at Prague in 1916 gave Jan\u00e1\u010dek access to the world's great opera stages. Jan\u00e1\u010dek's later works are his most celebrated. They include operas such as K\u00e1\u0165a Kabanov\u00e1 and The Cunning Little Vixen, the Sinfonietta, the Glagolitic Mass, the rhapsody Taras Bulba, two string quartets, and other chamber works. Along with Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k and Bed\u0159ich Smetana, he is considered one of the most important Czech composers.\n\n", "Q7259": "Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (n\u00e9e Byron; 10 December 1815 \u2013 27 November 1852) was an English mathematician and writer, chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's proposed mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. She was the first to recognise that the machine had applications beyond pure calculation, and published the first algorithm intended to be carried out by such a machine. As a result, she is widely regarded as the first to recognise the full potential of computers and one of the first computer programmers.Augusta Byron was the only legitimate child of poet Lord Byron and his wife Lady Byron. All of Byron's other children were born out of wedlock to other women. Byron separated from his wife a month after Ada was born and left England forever four months later. He commemorated the parting in a poem that begins, \"Is thy face like thy mother's my fair child! ADA! sole daughter of my house and heart?\". He died of disease in the Greek War of Independence when Ada was eight years old. Her mother remained bitter and promoted Ada's interest in mathematics and logic in an effort to prevent her from developing her father's perceived insanity. Despite this, Ada remained interested in Byron, naming her two sons Byron and Gordon. Upon her eventual death, she was buried next to him at her request. Although often ill in her childhood, Ada pursued her studies assiduously. She married William King in 1835. King was made Earl of Lovelace in 1838, Ada thereby becoming Countess of Lovelace.\nHer educational and social exploits brought her into contact with scientists such as Andrew Crosse, Charles Babbage, Sir David Brewster, Charles Wheatstone, Michael Faraday and the author Charles Dickens, contacts which she used to further her education. Ada described her approach as \"poetical science\" and herself as an \"Analyst (& Metaphysician)\".When she was a teenager, her mathematical talents led her to a long working relationship and friendship with fellow British mathematician Charles Babbage, who is known as \"the father of computers\". She was in particular interested in Babbage's work on the Analytical Engine. Lovelace first met him in June 1833, through their mutual friend, and her private tutor, Mary Somerville.\nBetween 1842 and 1843, Ada translated an article by Italian military engineer Luigi Menabrea on the calculating engine, supplementing it with an elaborate set of notes, simply called Notes. These notes contain what many consider to be the first computer program\u2014that is, an algorithm designed to be carried out by a machine. Other historians reject this perspective and point out that Babbage's personal notes from the years 1836/1837 contain the first programs for the engine. Lovelace's notes are important in the early history of computers. She also developed a vision of the capability of computers to go beyond mere calculating or number-crunching, while many others, including Babbage himself, focused only on those capabilities. Her mindset of \"poetical science\" led her to ask questions about the Analytical Engine (as shown in her notes) examining how individuals and society relate to technology as a collaborative tool.She died of uterine cancer in 1852 at the age of 36.", "Q920637": "Morley Safer (November 8, 1931 \u2013 May 19, 2016) was a Canadian-American broadcast journalist, reporter, and correspondent for CBS News. He was best known for his long tenure on the news magazine 60 Minutes, whose cast he joined in 1970 after its second year on television. He was the longest-serving reporter on 60 Minutes, the most watched and most profitable program in television history.\nDuring his 60-year career as a broadcast journalist, Safer received numerous awards, including twelve Emmys, a Lifetime Achievement Emmy from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, three Overseas Press Awards, three Peabody Awards, two Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Awards, and the Paul White Award from the Radio-Television News Directors Association. In 2009, Safer donated his papers to the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin. \nJeff Fager, executive producer of 60 Minutes, said \"Morley has had a brilliant career as a reporter and as one of the most significant figures in CBS News history, on our broadcast and in many of our lives. Morley's curiosity, his sense of adventure and his superb writing, all made for exceptional work done by a remarkable man.\" He died a week after announcing his retirement from 60 Minutes.", "Q1558666": "G\u00e1bor Boldoczki (born 1976 in Szeged, Hungary) is a Hungarian trumpeter who plays Classical music.\nHe played first trumpet in 2004 in the Salzburg Festival. He has been a professor of trumpet at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music since 2010.", "Q117197": "Marc Monnier (December 7, 1827 \u2013 April 18, 1885) was a French writer.", "Q316225": "Stalingrad is a 1993 German war drama film directed by Joseph Vilsmaier. The movie follows a platoon of World War II German Army soldiers transferred to Russia, where they ultimately find themselves fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad.\nThe film is the second German movie to portray the Battle of Stalingrad. It was predated by the 1959 Hunde, wollt ihr ewig leben (Stalingrad: Dogs, Do You Want to Live Forever?).", "Q75924": "Caio Kai Koch-Weser (born July 25, 1944 in Rol\u00e2ndia, Brazil) is a German economist, civil servant and business executive. He was Secretary of State in the Federal Ministry of Finance 1999\u20132005. Prior to becoming Secretary of State, he served in the World Bank in a number of positions for 26 years, from 1991\u20131999 as Vice President and from 1996\u20131999 as Managing Director of Operations. He is now a Vice Chairman and senior adviser with Deutsche Bank.", "Q486479": "Rochester is a city founded in 1854 in the U.S. State of Minnesota and is the county seat of Olmsted County located on the Zumbro River's south fork in Southeast Minnesota. It is Minnesota's third-largest city and the largest city located outside the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of 2018, the Rochester metropolitan area had a population estimated at 219,802. According to the 2010 United States Census the city had a population of 106,769. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the 2018 population was 116,961. It is the home of the Mayo Clinic and a major IBM facility, one of the company's largest at its peak. The city has long been rated as one of the best places to live in the United States by multiple publications such as Money.", "Q191480": "Ivan Andreyevich Krylov (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0432; February 13, 1769 \u2013 November 21, 1844) is Russia's best-known fabulist and probably the most epigrammatic of all Russian authors. Formerly a dramatist and journalist, he only discovered his true genre at the age of 40. While many of his earlier fables were loosely based on Aesop's and La Fontaine's, later fables were original work, often with a satirical bent.", "Q70684": "Sister Christina Ebner, O.P. (also Christine), (26 March 1277 \u2013 27 December 1356) was a German Dominican nun, writer and mystic.", "Q3307998": "Michael Mark Applebaum (born February 10, 1963) is a Canadian former politician who served as interim Mayor of Montreal between his appointment by the city council on November 16, 2012 and his resignation on June 18, 2013. He was the first anglophone to hold the post in over a century.\nOn March 30, 2017, he was sentenced to a year in prison and two years probation for his role in extorting $60 000 worth of bribes from real estate developers as borough mayor in C\u00f4te-des-Neiges\u2013Notre-Dame-de-Gr\u00e2ce between 2006 and 2012.Applebaum was first elected city councillor for Notre-Dame-de-Gr\u00e2ce on November 6, 1994 as a member of the now defunct Parti des Montr\u00e9alais. In 2001, he would become a founding member of the Union Montr\u00e9al party and rise to prominence as part of Mayor Gerard Tremblay's administration, serving as borough mayor of C\u00f4te-des-Neiges\u2013Notre-Dame-de-Gr\u00e2ce from January 1, 2002 to November 21, 2012, and becoming chair of the city's powerful executive committee in 2011. He would be appointed interim mayor by city council after leaving the party as increased scrutiny of corruption within the administration prompted Tremblay's resignation.On June 17, 2013 he was arrested and indicted on 14 charges including fraud, conspiracy, breach of trust, and corruption in municipal affairs\n He resigned the following day. On January 26, 2017, Applebaum was found guilty of eight of these charges. On June 6, 2017, Applebaum was granted parole two months after serving one-sixth of his sentence.\n\n", "Q58108": "Ahmed Aboul Gheit (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0637\u200e [\u02c8\u00e6\u0127m\u00e6d \u00e6bol\u02c8\u0263e\u02d0t\u02e4], also: Abu al-Ghayt, Abu El Gheyt, etc.) (born 12 June 1942) is an Egyptian politician and diplomat who has been Secretary-General of the Arab League since July 2016. Aboul-Gheit served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Egypt from 11 July 2004 to 6 March 2011. Previously he was Egypt's Permanent Representative to the United Nations. He was succeeded as Minister of Foreign Affairs by ICJ judge Nabil Elaraby in March 2011, following the overthrow of President Hosni Mubarak. He was elected Secretary-General of the Arab League in March 2016, and his term commenced on 3 July 2016.", "Q14949462": "Simon Raab is an American contemporary artist, entrepreneur, inventor and scientist.", "Q481316": "Raymond Adolphe S\u00e9r\u00e9 de Rivi\u00e8res (20 May 1815 \u2013 16 February 1895) was a French military engineer and general whose ideas revolutionized the design of fortifications in France. He gave his name to the S\u00e9r\u00e9 de Rivi\u00e8res system of fortifications constructed after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. Described as the Vauban of the 19th century, his Belgian counterpart was Henri Alexis Brialmont.", "Q4529641": "Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Breedon Everard GCLM ICD DSO TD (21 February 1897 \u2013 7 August 1980) was a railway engineer and executive who briefly became the Acting President of Rhodesia during the U.D.I. period.\nEverard was born in Barnet and educated at Marlborough College and graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1922. During the First World War he served in France with the Rifle Brigade, where he was wounded in combat and reached the rank of Captain. He worked as a railway engineer from 1922, but was commissioned again on the outbreak of the Second World War, this time in the Sherwood Foresters; he was taken prisoner by German forces, awarded the Distinguished Service Order, and reached the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. When repatriated after the war he became an executive of British Railways.\nIn 1953 Everard moved to Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia to become General Manager of Rhodesia Railways, which he remained for five years before retiring. He supported the Rhodesian Front and stood in for Clifford Dupont (who had been made \"Officer Administering the Government\") in 1968\u201369. Following the proclamation of a republic, Everard was Acting President on three occasions between 1975 and 1979.\n\n", "Q61789": "Princess Marie Auguste Anna of Thurn and Taxis (11 August 1706 \u2013 1 February 1756) was a Regent of W\u00fcrttemberg. She was a member of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis as a daughter of Anselm Franz, 2nd Prince of Thurn and Taxis and his wife Maria Ludovika Anna Franziska, Princess of Lobkowicz. Through her marriage to Karl Alexander, Duke of W\u00fcrttemberg, she became Duchess consort of W\u00fcrttemberg.", "Q548664": "Richmond is a city in east central Indiana, United States, bordering on Ohio. It is the county seat of Wayne County, and in the 2010 census had a population of 36,812. \nSituated largely within Wayne Township, its area includes a non-contiguous portion in nearby Boston Township, where Richmond Municipal Airport is.\nRichmond is sometimes called the \"cradle of recorded jazz\" because the earliest jazz recordings, and records were made at the studio of Gennett Records, a division of the Starr Piano Company. Gennett Records was the first to record such artists as Louis Armstrong, Bix Beiderbecke, Jelly Roll Morton, Hoagy Carmichael, Lawrence Welk, and Gene Autry.\nThe city has twice received the All-America City Award, most recently in 2009.", "Q92601": "Nicholas Negroponte (born December 1, 1943) is a Greek American architect. He is the founder and chairman Emeritus of Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Media Lab, and also founded the One Laptop per Child Association (OLPC). Negroponte is the author of the 1995 bestseller \u2018Being Digital\u2019 translated into more than forty languages.", "Q115780": "Eduard Fischer (16 June 1861 \u2013 18 November 1939) was a Swiss botanist and mycologist. \n\n", "Q6304483": "Satakunta (formerly Turku Province North) is a Finnish constituency represented in eduskunta. It covers the administrative region of Satakunta, with a population of 221,752 (as of 2015). Satakunta elects nine members of the Eduskunta.\nThe constituency is largely rural, and the largest cities are Pori and Rauma. The largest parties in the parliamentary elections are the Social Democratic Party of Finland and the Centre Party.", "Q240705": "Carly Patterson Caldwell (born February 4, 1988) is an American singer, songwriter and former artistic gymnast. She was the all-around champion at the 2004 Olympics, the first all-around champion for the United States at a non-boycotted Olympics, and is a member of the USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame.", "Q70690": "Johann Friedrich Weidler (13 April 1691 in Gro\u00dfneuhausen \u2013 13 November 1755 in Wittenberg) was a German astronomer and mathematician. He was a professor of mathematics at University of Wittenberg and a fellow of the Royal Society.", "Q238866": "Wedding Crashers is a 2005 American comedy film directed by David Dobkin, written by Steve Faber and Bob Fisher, and starring Owen Wilson, Vince Vaughn, Christopher Walken, Rachel McAdams, Isla Fisher, Bradley Cooper, and Jane Seymour. The film follows two divorce mediators (Wilson and Vaughn) who crash weddings in an attempt to meet and seduce bridesmaids.\nThe film opened on July 15, 2005 through New Line Cinema to critical and commercial success, grossing $285.2 million worldwide on a $40 million budget, and is credited with helping to revive the popularity of adult-oriented, R-rated comedies.", "Q61945": "Franz Walter Stahlecker (10 October 1900 \u2013 23 March 1942) was commander of the SS security forces (Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo) and the Sicherheitsdienst (SD)) for the Reichskommissariat Ostland in 1941\u201342. Stahlecker commanded Einsatzgruppe A, the most murderous of the four Einsatzgruppen (death squads during the Holocaust) active in German-occupied Eastern Europe. He was killed in action by Soviet partisans and was replaced by Heinz Jost.", "Q4744": "The Wandering Image (German: Das wandernde Bild) is a 1920 German silent drama film directed by Fritz Lang and starring Mia May, Hans Marr and Rudolf Klein-Rogge. It is also known by the alternative titles of The Wandering Picture and The Wandering Shadow (USA DVD title).\nThe film's sets were designed by Otto Hunte. The art directors Erich Kettelhut and Robert Neppach were employed designing models for the production.", "Q124549": "Ren\u00e9 Gardi (1 March 1909 - 9 March 2000) was a Swiss traveller and author. He wrote particularly on the handicrafts and architecture of West Africa.\nGardi was born 1909 in Bern, Switzerland. After studying mathematics, physics, and zoology at Bern University, he became Sekundarlehrer at Br\u00fcgg BE near Biel from 1931 to 1945, and then worked as independent author and traveler (Vortragsreisender). He documented his travels to Africa in several books and in two films:\n\nMandara (1959) and\nDie letzte Karawane (The Last Caravan) (1967).He won many prizes for literature and in 1967 received an Honorary Doctorate at Bern University.\nGardi died 2000 in Bern.", "Q354002": "Ian Robins Dury (12 May 1942 \u2013 27 March 2000) was an English singer-songwriter and actor who rose to fame during the late 1970s, during the punk and new wave era of rock music. He was the lead singer of Ian Dury and the Blockheads and before that of Kilburn and the High Roads.\n\n", "Q1035127": "Captain N: The Game Master is an American\u2013Canadian animated television series that aired on television from 1989 to 1991 as part of the Saturday morning cartoon lineup on NBC. The show was produced by DIC Animation City and incorporated elements from many of the most popular video games of the time from the Japanese company Nintendo. There was also a comic book version by Valiant Comics, despite only featuring characters from games produced by Nintendo. The show is also part of an hour-long block in Season 2 with The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3 and with Super Mario World in Season 3 in a half-hour block.", "Q7696995": "Television comedy had a presence from the earliest days of broadcasting. Among the earliest BBC television programmes in the 1930s was Starlight, which offered a series of guests from the music hall era, which often included singers and comedians. Similarly, many early United States television programs were variety shows including the Texaco Star Theater featuring Milton Berle; comedy acts often taken from vaudeville were staples of such shows.\nThe range of television comedy is extremely broad to the extent that anything under the heading comedy can be put before an audience through the medium of television. However, it is true to say that certain genres of comedy transfer to the small screen more successfully than others.", "Q922034": "Municipal Waste is a crossover thrash band from Richmond, Virginia, formed in 2001. To date, the band has released six studio albums, three EPs and four splits. They have gone through several line-up changes, leaving vocalist Tony Foresta and guitarist Ryan Waste as the only constant members. In addition to Foresta and Waste, their current lineup includes Nick \"Nikropolis\" Poulos on guitar, Philip \"Landphil\" Hall on bass and Dave Witte on drums.", "Q134982": "David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 \u2013 26 March 1945) was a British statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1922. He was the final Liberal to hold the post.\nLloyd George was born in Manchester to Welsh parents. His father\u2014a schoolmaster\u2014died in 1864 and he was raised in Wales by his mother and her shoemaker brother, whose Liberal politics and Baptist faith strongly influenced Lloyd George; the same uncle helped the boy embark on a career as a solicitor after leaving school. Lloyd George became active in local politics, gaining a reputation as an orator and a proponent of a Welsh blend of radical Liberalism which championed nonconformism and the disestablishment of the Anglican church in Wales, equality for labourers and tenant farmers, and reform of landownership. In 1890 he narrowly won a by-election to become the Member of Parliament for Caernarvon Boroughs, in which seat he remained for fifty-five years. Lloyd George served in Henry Campbell-Bannerman's cabinet from 1905. After H. H. Asquith succeeded to the premiership in 1908 Lloyd George replaced him as Chancellor of the Exchequer. To fund extensive welfare reforms he proposed taxes on land ownership and high incomes in the \"People's Budget\" (1909), which the Conservative-dominated House of Lords rejected. The resulting constitutional crisis was only resolved after two elections in 1910 and the passage of the Parliament Act 1911. His budget was then enacted alongside the National Insurance Act 1911 which helped to establish the modern welfare state. In 1913 he was embroiled in the Marconi scandal, but he remained in office and promoted the disestablishment of the Church in Wales, until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 suspended its implementation.\nAs wartime Chancellor Lloyd George strengthened the country's finances and forged agreements with trade unions to maintain production. In 1915 Asquith formed a Liberal-led wartime coalition with the Conservatives and Labour. Lloyd George became Minister of Munitions and rapidly expanded production. In 1916 he was appointed Secretary of State for War but was frustrated by his limited power and clashes with the military establishment over strategy. Amid stalemate on the Western Front, confidence in Asquith's leadership waned. He was forced to resign in December 1916; Lloyd George succeeded him as Prime Minister, supported by the Conservatives and some Liberals. He centralised authority through a smaller war cabinet, a new Cabinet Office and his \"Garden Suburb\" of advisers. To combat food shortages he implemented the convoy system, established rationing, and stimulated farming. After supporting the disastrous French Nivelle Offensive in 1917, he had to reluctantly approve Field Marshal Haig's plans for the Battle of Passchendaele which resulted in huge casualties with little strategic benefit. Against the views of his commanders, he was finally able to see the Allies brought under one command in March 1918. The war effort turned to their favour that August and was won in November. In the aftermath he and the Conservatives maintained their coalition with popular support following the December 1918 \"Coupon\" election. His government had extended the franchise to all men and some women earlier in the year.\nLloyd George was a major player in Paris Peace Conference of 1919 but the situation in Ireland worsened that year, erupting into the Irish War of Independence which lasted until Lloyd George negotiated independence for the Irish Free State in 1921. At home he initiated reforms to education and housing but trade union militancy entered record levels, the economy became depressed in 1920 and unemployment rose; spending cuts followed (1921\u201322) and he was embroiled in a scandal over the sale of honours and the Chanak Crisis in 1922. Bonar Law won backbench support for the Conservatives to contend the next election alone. Lloyd George resigned; with his party split between his and Asquith's supporters, his faction won just over 50 seats in the 1922 election, Asquith's just over 60. The next year the pair reunited to oppose Stanley Baldwin's tariff proposal which he put to the country. The Liberals made gains in 1923 but remained third after the Conservatives and Labour, propping up a Labour minority government; they never regained their status as second party and, when the Labour government fell, went down to just over 40 seats in 1924 under Asquith. Lloyd George led the Liberals from 1926 to 1931, putting forward innovative proposals for public works; this failed to convert into seats in 1929 and from 1931 he was a marginalised and mistrusted figure heading a small rump of breakaway Liberals opposed to the National Government. He declined an offer to serve in Winston Churchill's War Cabinet in 1940 and was raised to the peerage in 1945, shortly before his death.", "Q180599": "James Armstrong Richardson Jr., (March 28, 1922 \u2013 May 17, 2004) was a Canadian Cabinet minister under Pierre Trudeau and a Winnipeg businessman.", "Q3968233": "Stanley Fields (born Walter L. Agnew, May 20, 1883 \u2013 April 23, 1941) was an American actor.", "Q206988": "Cheltenham () is a large spa town and borough on the edge of the Cotswolds in the county of Gloucestershire, England. Cheltenham became known as a health and holiday spa town resort following the discovery of mineral springs in 1716.\nThe town hosts several festivals of culture, often featuring nationally and internationally famous contributors and attendees, including the Cheltenham Literature Festival, the Cheltenham Jazz Festival, the Cheltenham Science Festival, the Cheltenham Music Festival, the Cheltenham Cricket Festival, and the Cheltenham Food & Drink Festival. In steeplechase horse racing, the Gold Cup is the main event of the Cheltenham Festival, held every March.", "Q259254": "Bon Jovi is an American rock band formed in 1983 in Sayreville, New Jersey. It consists of singer Jon Bon Jovi, keyboardist David Bryan, drummer Tico Torres, guitarist Phil X, and bassist Hugh McDonald. Previous bassist Alec John Such was dismissed in 1994, and longtime guitarist and co-songwriter Richie Sambora left in 2013.\nIn 1984 and 1985, Bon Jovi released their first two albums and their debut single \"Runaway\" managed to crack the Top 40. In 1986, the band achieved widespread success and global recognition with their third album, Slippery When Wet, which sold over 20 million copies and included three Top 10 singles, two of which reached No. 1 (\"You Give Love a Bad Name\" and \"Livin' on a Prayer\") Their fourth album, New Jersey (1988), was also very successful, selling over 10 million copies and featuring five Top 10 singles (a record for a hard rock album), two of which reached No. 1 (\"Bad Medicine\" and \"I'll Be There for You\"). After the band toured and recorded extensively during the late 1980s, culminating in the 1988\u201390 New Jersey Tour, Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora released successful solo albums in 1990 and 1991, respectively.\nIn 1992, the band returned with the double-platinum Keep the Faith. This was followed by their biggest-selling and longest-charting single \"Always\" (1994) and the album These Days (1995), which proved to be a bigger hit in Europe than in the United States, producing four Top Ten singles in the United Kingdom. Following a second hiatus, their 2000 album Crush, particularly the lead single, \"It's My Life\", successfully introduced the band to a younger audience. The band followed up with Bounce in 2002. The platinum albums Have a Nice Day (2005) and Lost Highway (2007) saw the band incorporate elements of country music into some of the songs, including the 2006 single \"Who Says You Can't Go Home\", which won the band a Grammy Award and became the first single by a rock band to reach No. 1 on the country charts. The Circle (2009) marked a return to the band's rock sound. The band also enjoyed great success touring, with both the 2005\u201306 Have a Nice Day Tour and 2007\u201308 Lost Highway Tour ranking among the Top 20 highest-grossing concert tours of the 2000s and the 2013 Because We Can Tour ranking among the highest-grossing of the 2010s. The band continues to tour and record, with their most recent album This House Is Not for Sale and its associated tour encompassing 2016\u201319.\nBon Jovi has released 14 studio albums, five compilations and three live albums. They have sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making them one of the bestselling American rock bands, and performed more than 2,700 concerts in over 50 countries for more than 34 million fans. Bon Jovi was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2006, and into the US Rock and Roll Hall Of Fame in 2018. The band received the Award of Merit at the American Music Awards in 2004, and Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora were inducted into Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2009.", "Q363876": "John Russell Waters (born 8 December 1948) is an English-born film, theatre and television actor, singer, guitarist, songwriter and musician best known in Australia, where he moved to in 1968. He is the son of Scottish actor Russell Waters. John Waters has been in the industry for over 40 years, and was part of the Australian children's television series Play School for 18 years.\n\n", "Q666253": "Emmental District in the Canton of Bern was created on 1 January 2010. It is part of the Emmental-Oberaargau administrative region. It contains 40 municipalities with an area of 690.45 km2 (266.58 sq mi) and a population (as of 31 December 2018) of 97,218.", "Q204147": "Forrest Griffin (born July 1, 1979) is an American retired mixed martial artist and a UFC Hall of Famer. Since 2005, he has been signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship where he is a former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion. Griffin, a former Georgia police officer, first rose to prominence after winning the first season of The Ultimate Fighter. In the tournament finals, he fought and defeated Stephan Bonnar in Forrest Griffin vs. Stephan Bonnar, which is widely credited as sparking the current success of the UFC. He went on to serve as a coach on The Ultimate Fighter 7 opposite Quinton Jackson.", "Q72087": "Sir John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury, 2nd Earl of Waterford, 8th Baron Talbot, KG (c. 1417 \u2013 10 July 1460) was an English nobleman and soldier. He was the son of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, 1st Earl of Waterford, 7th Baron Talbot, 10th Baron Strange of Blackmere, and Maud Neville, 6th Baroness Furnivall.\nJohn Talbot also held the subsidiary titles of 11th Baron Strange of Blackmere and 7th Baron Furnivall. He was knighted in 1426 at Leicester alongside King Henry VI. During his father's lifetime, he served as Lord Chancellor of Ireland. He was a Lancastrian, and served as Lord High Treasurer from 1456 to 1458, besides being created a Knight of the Garter in 1457. He was killed at the Battle of Northampton.", "Q121431": "Uta Levka (born 1942) is a former German film and television actress active during the 1960s and early 1970s. She was discovered by the actress Maria Schell while working at the Bavaria Studios in Munich and appeared in a succession of glamorous roles. She appeared in three of the popular Edgar Wallace adaptations of Rialto Film. She played the lead in the 1967 film Carmen, Baby.\n\n", "Q3506611": "Swing Time Records was a United States-based record label active in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The label was founded by Jack Lauderdale in 1947 as Down Beat Records and was headquartered in Los Angeles, California. In approximately October 1949 the name was changed to Swing Beat Records, and around March 1950 the name was changed again to Swing Time. The company went bankrupt in 1953 but continued releasing singles as late as February 1954.Ray Charles, Percy Mayfield, Lowell Fulson, and other rhythm and blues and swing era artists of the 1940s first recorded for this company. It is possible to find certain releases on more than one label name.", "Q281159": "William James Boyd (born April 27, 1979), is the former bass guitarist of alternative metal band Evanescence.Boyd became a full-time member of Evanescence in June 2003, but had co-written two of their unreleased songs, \"October\" and \"So Close,\" prior to that. He spent stints with local Little Rock punk bands such as The Visitors and Lucky Father Brown and is currently in the bands Two Spines and American Princes. He left Evanescence in June 2006 due to not wanting to do another big tour, and was replaced by Tim McCord.", "Q179882": "Pope Benedict VI (Latin: Benedictus VI; died June 974) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 19 January 973 to his death in 974. His brief pontificate occurred in the political context of the establishment of the Holy Roman Empire, during the transition between the reigns of Otto I and Otto II, incorporating the struggle for power of Roman aristocratic families such as the Crescentii and Tusculani.\n\n", "Q457022": "Larramie Cortez \"Doc\" Shaw (born April 24, 1992) is an American actor, singer, model, and rapper.", "Q515563": "Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart (19 March 1901 \u2013 8 July 1956) was a Dutch politician and diplomat of the Labour Party (PvdA) and journalist. He served as first United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1 January 1951 until 8 July 1956.", "Q62294": "Ingrid Mickler-Becker (n\u00e9e Becker on 26 September 1942) is a former West German athlete. Her name is sometimes written incorrectly as Ingrid Mickler in result lists. Her international career lasted from 1960 to 1972. She won the pentathlon gold medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 4\u00d7100 m relay gold medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Becker was the first German woman to clear 1.70 m in high jump (1970) and 6.50 m in the long jump (1967).At the 1969 European Athletics Championships she won a silver medal as a member of the 4\u00d7100 metre relay team. In 1970 she won the European Cup Final in 100 metres, defeating the favourite Renate Stecher (GDR). Next year she won two European titles, in the long jump and 4\u00d7100 m relay, and placed second in the 100 meters.Becker was elected German Sportswoman of the Year in 1968 and 1971, and received the Silbernes Lorbeerblatt (Silver Bay Leaf) in 1968. In 1969 she was awarded the Rudolf Harbig Memorial Award, and then for many years worked for the German Sports Federation. In 1982\u201384 and 1986\u201390 she was vice president of the Federal Panel of Women Sports of the German Athletics Association.In 1990 she became secretary of state in Rhineland-Palatinate, but lost this position when her party, the CDU, lost the election in 1991. Afterwards she worked for a German-Swiss consultancy company. In 2005, she was awarded the \"Goldene Sportpyramide\" (Golden Sport Pyramid) from the Deutsche Sporthilfe (German Sports Aid), and in 2006 she was inducted into the Germany's Sports Hall of Fame. She is a member of the German National Olympic Committee.", "Q9260": "Tajik or Tajiki (Tajik: \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u04b7\u0438\u043a\u04e3\u0301, zaboni tojik\u012b, [za\u02c8b\u0254ni t\u0254d\u0292i\u02c8ki]), also called Tajiki Persian (Tajik: \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u04b7\u0438\u043a\u04e3\u0301, forsii tojik\u012b, [f\u0254r\u02c8siji t\u0254d\u0292i\u02c8ki]) and Tadzhiki, is the variety of Persian spoken in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan by Tajiks. It is closely related to neighboring Dari Persian with which it forms a continuum of mutually intelligible varieties. Since the beginning of the twentieth century and independence of Tajikistan from Soviet Union, Tajik has been considered by a number of writers and researchers to be a variety of Persian. The popularity of this conception of Tajik as a variety of Persian was such that, during the period in which Tajik intellectuals were trying to establish Tajik as a language separate from Persian language, Sadriddin Ayni, who was a prominent intellectual and educator, made a statement that Tajik was not a \"bastardized dialect\" of Persian. The issue of whether Tajik and Persian are to be considered two dialects of a single language or two discrete languages has political sides to it (see Perry 1996).By way of Early New Persian, Tajiki Persian, like Iranian Persian and Dari Persian, is a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of the Sasanian Empire (224\u2013651 CE), itself a continuation of Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenids (550\u2013330 BC).Tajik is the official language of Tajikistan. In Afghanistan (where the Tajik people minority forms the principal part of the wider Persophone population), this language is less influenced by Turkic languages, is regarded as a form of Dari and as such has co-official language status. The Tajik of Tajikistan has diverged from Persian as spoken in Afghanistan and Iran due to political borders, geographical isolation, the standardization process and the influence of Russian and neighboring Turkic languages. The standard language is based on the northwestern dialects of Tajik (region of old major city of Samarqand), which have been somewhat influenced by the neighboring Uzbek language as a result of geographical proximity. Tajik also retains numerous archaic elements in its vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar that have been lost elsewhere in the Persophone world, in part due to its relative isolation in the mountains of Central Asia.", "Q55438": "Mario Bava (31 July 1914 \u2013 27 April 1980) was an Italian filmmaker who worked variously as a director, screenwriter, cinematographer, and special effects artist. He is frequently referred to as the \"Master of Italian Horror\" and the \"Master of the Macabre\". His low-budget genre films, known for their distinctive visual flair and stylish technical ingenuity, feature recurring themes and imagery concerning the conflict between illusion and reality, and the destructive capacity of human nature.Born to sculptor, cinematographer and special effects pioneer Eugenio Bava, the younger Bava followed his father into the film industry, and eventually earned a reputation as one of Italy's foremost cameramen, lighting and providing the special effects for such films as Hercules (1958) and its sequel Hercules Unchained (1959) (both were lampooned on Mystery Science Theater 3000). During the late 1950s, his eventual career trajectory as a director began when he was relied upon to complete projects begun by or credited to his colleague Riccardo Freda and other filmmakers, including I Vampiri (1957) (the first Italian horror film of the sound era), The Day the Sky Exploded (1958) (the first Italian science fiction film), Caltiki \u2013 The Immortal Monster (1959) and The Giant of Marathon (1959).Although most of Bava's films as director failed to achieve major commercial success upon release, many of them would eventually find acclaim as cult classics, with their content and production values being favourably compared to the works of Alfred Hitchcock. Several of them have been noted for their revolutionary impact on their respective genres: Black Sunday (1960), his official directorial debut, was the forerunner of the Italian gothic horror film cycle; The Girl Who Knew Too Much (1963) is considered to be the first giallo film; Kill, Baby, Kill (1966) heavily influenced the iconography of modern J-Horror; Roy Colt & Winchester Jack (1970) is regarded as one of the earliest self-parodying Spaghetti Westerns; Four Times That Night (1971) was an early Italian sex comedy; and A Bay of Blood (1971) was a precursor to slasher films. His other notable films include Hercules in the Haunted World (1961), Erik the Conqueror (1961), Black Sabbath (1963), The Whip and the Body (1963), Blood and Black Lace (1964), Planet of the Vampires (1965), Knives of the Avenger (1966), Danger: Diabolik (1968), Hatchet for the Honeymoon (1970), Five Dolls for an August Moon (1970), Baron Blood (1972), Lisa and the Devil (1974), Rabid Dogs (1974) and Shock (1977). Despite his reputation as a talented artist during his lifetime, Bava's shy, self-deprecating demeanour prevented him from taking advantage of opportunities that would have furthered his international standing within the film industry, and he turned down multiple opportunities to work in Hollywood.Among the filmmakers Bava and his work have influenced include Dario Argento, Lucio Fulci, Federico Fellini, John Carpenter, Nicolas Winding Refn, Martin Scorsese, Tim Burton, Joe Dante, John Landis, Francis Ford Coppola, Roger Corman, Edgar Wright, Jennifer Kent and Quentin Tarantino. His son and frequent assistant director, Lamberto Bava, later became a noted fantasy and horror film director in his own right.\n\n", "Q12773": "Julio Baghy (13 January 1891, Szeged \u2013 18 March 1967, Budapest; in Hungarian Baghy Gyula) was a Hungarian actor and one of the leading authors of the Esperanto movement. He is the author of several famous novels but it is particularly in the field of poetry that he proved his mastery of Esperanto.", "Q439923": "Raphael Alexandrovich Falk (1856 \u2013 1913) was a Russian chess master.He took 12th at Moscow 1899 (the 1st Russian Chess Championship, Mikhail Chigorin won), shared 1st with Goncharov in Moscow City Chess Championship in 1901, and tied for 5-7th at Moscow-ch 1902 (Boyarkov won).", "Q591663": "Leonard Francis Shackleton (3 May 1922 \u2013 27 November 2000) was an English footballer. Known as the \"Clown Prince of Soccer\", he is generally regarded as one of English football's finest ever entertainers. He also played cricket in the Minor Counties for Northumberland.\nAble to play at inside forward or outside forward, he scored 134 goals in 427 league and cup appearances in just over 11 seasons in the Football League, and before that scored 171 goals in league and cup 209 appearances during wartime football. His ball control skills made him one of the most talented players in the country, but his individualism and outspoken nature limited to only five England caps in a six-year international career. He also never won a trophy or league title.\nBorn in Bradford, he spent his teenage years before World War II with Bradford Park Avenue, Kippax United, Arsenal, Enfield, and London Paper Mills, before he turned professional at Bradford Park Avenue in 1940. He spent the war assembling aircraft radios and playing for Bradford PA, and was sold on to Second Division rivals Newcastle United for a \u00a313,000 fee in October 1946. He scored six goals on his Newcastle debut, but fell out with the club's directors, and was sold on to Sunderland for a British transfer record fee of \u00a320,050 in February 1948. He scored 97 goals in 320 First Division matches for the club, with the closest he came to a trophy being the 1949\u201350 season when Sunderland finished third in the league, and when they reached the semi-finals of the FA Cup in 1955 and in 1956. He retired due to an ankle injury in 1957, and became a sports journalist.", "Q202536": "Paulina Susana Rubio Dosamantes (Spanish pronunciation: [pau\u02c8lina \u02c8ru\u03b2jo]; born 17 June 1971), generally known professionally as Paulina Rubio, is a Mexican singer, actress, television music competition judge, hostess, model, and businesswoman. Born in Mexico City, Mexico, she achieved recognition as original member of the pop group Timbiriche from 1982 through 1991, where she stood out as one of the main members. She appeared in 3 Mexican soap operas and 1 film in her first years of professional artistic career. Referred to as the \"Queen of Latin Pop\", Rubio is regarded as a pop icon and is credited with influencing the revival of latin pop during the 2000s. As well is considered one of the most influential Latin celebrities in the world.Rubio has sold between 15 million and 20 million records worldwide, and is one of the best-selling latin music artists.\nRubio's first two studio albums, La Chica Dorada (1992) and 24 Kilates (1993), were comercial successes and made her the best-selling Mexican female artist her record label EMI Music. In the mid-1990s adopted more mature and dance songs for her next two studio albums, El Tiempo Es Oro (1995) and Planeta Paulina (1996), and made her feature film debut in a starring role in B\u00e9same En La Boca (1995). Following a series of concers with the band Timbiriche and ending her contract with EMI Music, Rubio's career was interrupted, before the release of her fifth studio album under the Universal Music label, the homonym Paulina (2000), which is critically referred to as her best work. Her self-titled album were global successes and made her the best-selling latin artist of early 2000s. She returned to the top of record charts again with her sixth and seventh studio albums, the crossover Border Girl (2002) and Pau-Latina (2004), respectively. Rubio garnered high praise, including nominations for the Grammy Awards and Latin Grammy Award. Her next records Ananda (2006) and Gran City Pop (2009), which became her to top the U.S. Latin charts. These is influenced by pop and rock, and received very good reviews. She followed this with 2011's Brava!, which delved into dance-pop. In 2012 and 2013, Forbes reported that Rubio was one of the \"50 Most Powerful Women in Mexico\" and in 2015 she was included in the \"Celebrity 100: Twitter's most-followed superstars\" list.Early of 2010's years, Rubio stood out for participating as a coach in the most important talent shows in America and Spain. In 2012, she served as a coach on the second season of La Voz... Mexico. In 2013; Rubio became a coach on La Voz Kids, and also became a judge on the American version of The X Factor. In 2019, During the promotion of her eleventh studio album, Deseo (2019) returned on La Voz... Espa\u00f1a and La Voz Senior.\nRubio has scored three number one albums on the Billboard Top Latin Albums. Five of Rubio's singles have reached number one on the US Billboard Hot Latin Songs: \"Te Quise Tanto\", \"Dame Otro Tequila\", \"Ni Una Sola Palabra\", \"Causa Y Efecto\", and \"Me Gustas Tanto\", making her the fifth best performing female artist on the chart. Other singles, \"M\u00edo\", \"Y Yo Sigo Aqu\u00ed\" and \"Don't Say Goodbye\", topped the charts in most Hispanic countries. Rubio has earned numerous awards and accolades, including seven Billboard Latin Music Award; five Lo Nuestro Awards; three MTV Latinoamerica Awards; and two Telehit Awards, including the Trajectory Award; and a special accolade as \"Mexican artist with the greatest international projection\".", "Q495377": "Richmond () is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city was incorporated on August 7, 1905 and has a city council. Located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, Richmond borders the cities of San Pablo, Albany, El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond, Hasford Heights, Kensington, El Sobrante, Bayview-Montalvin Manor, Tara Hills, and East Richmond Heights, and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay. Richmond is one of two cities, the other being San Rafael, California, that sits on the shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay simultaneously.\nDuring the mayoralty of Gayle McLaughlin, Richmond was the largest city in the United States served by a Green Party mayor. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city's population is at 103,710, making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond. The largest, Richmond, Virginia, is the namesake of the California city.", "Q958940": "Rafael Michelini Delle Piane (born 30 October 1958 in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan politician. He is currently Senator of the Republic of Uruguay as a member of the Frente Amplio party, and was the founder of New Space party. He was the seventh of ten children, and is the son of Zelmar Michelini, a former senator who was assassinated in Buenos Aires during Operation Condor. As a result, he has been active in human rights issues, primarily those stemming from the dictatorship.In the elections of 1984, the first since the end of the military dictatorship which had ruled Uruguay from 1973 to 1984, Michelini was elected to the city council in Montevideo running for the Party for the Government of the People. Five years later, he joined the breakaway group led by Hugo Batalla, forming a new party, the New Area, supporting the presidential candidacy of Batlle for the elections of 1989, in which Michelini was elected deputy.\nIn 1994, he disagreed with the alliance between Hugo Batalla and the Colorado Party, and in response founded the New Space party with other dissidents. The party is part of the Frente Amplio coalition, and has twice nominated Michelini for President of Uruguay. In the first election in 1994 he obtained 5.16% of total votes cast, while in 1999 he obtained 4.56% of the vote. On both occasions he was elected Senator. In 2003 he reached an agreement with the Progressive Encounter-Broad Front, called the New Majority, in which he returned to his old political party. Some sections of the New Space directed by Pablo Mieres disagreed with this decision, left the party, and founded the Independent Party. The Frente Amplio won the election in 2004, and as part of the coalition Michelini won a seat in the Senate. During his time as Senator, Michelini drafted a law on the integration of men and women in the electoral lists of political parties, and drafted a declaration naming July 17 of each year a day of National Suicide Prevention.He is married to Arq. Matilde Jorge and has four children: Clara, Juan Pedro, Beatriz, and Martin. His brother Felipe Michelini is also a member of the Senate, and has served for three terms.\n\n", "Q310898": "Li Yu (Chinese: \u674e\u6f01; pinyin: L\u01d0 Y\u00fa, given name: \u4ed9\u4fa3 Xi\u0101nl\u01da; courtesy name: \u7b20\u7fc1 L\u00ecw\u0113ng; 1610\u20131680 AD), also known as Li Liweng, was a Chinese playwright, novelist and publisher.", "Q316231": "Scott Christopher Grimes (born July 9, 1971) is an American actor and singer. Some of his most prominent roles include appearances in ER as Dr. Archie Morris, Party of Five as Will McCorkle, Band of Brothers as Technical Sergeant Donald Malarkey, and the animated sitcom American Dad!, voicing Steve Smith. He is also well known by cult movie fans for his role as Bradley Brown in the first two Critters films. Since 2017, he has been a regular on the Fox sci-fi comedy-drama The Orville as Lieutenant Gordon Malloy.\nAs a singer, Grimes is best known for co-writing and performing the soft rock single \"Sunset Blvd\", which spent several weeks on the Billboard charts and for being one of the four singers in Russell Crowe's band Indoor Garden Party.", "Q1453055": "Frederick William Lanchester LLD, Hon FRAeS, FRS (23 October 1868 \u2013 8 March 1946), was an English polymath and engineer who made important contributions to automotive engineering and to aerodynamics, and co-invented the topic of operations research.\nLanchester became a pioneer British motor-car builder, a hobby which resulted in his developing a successful car company, and is considered one of the \"big three\" English car engineers - alongside Harry Ricardo and Henry Royce.", "Q555147": "David Rousset (18 January 1912 in Roanne, Loire \u2013 13 December 1997) was a French writer and political activist, a recipient of Prix Renaudot, a French literary award. A survivor of the Neuengamme concentration camp and the Buchenwald Nazi concentration camp, he is famous for his books about concentration camps.Rousset was the first person to use the term \"Gulag\" in the French language, revealing to the French the Soviet system of labor camps. In 1949, learning that while the concentration camps in Nazi Germany had been destroyed, camps still existed in the Soviet Union, he appealed to former inmates of Nazi camps to form a commission to inspect the USSR camps, which became the \"International Commission Against Concentrationist Regimes\".\nFor his efforts he was attacked by Pierre Daix in the French communist newspaper Les Lettres Fran\u00e7aises, which accused him of slandering the Soviet Union, forging the texts of the Soviet laws, and spreading misinformation. Rousset brought libel charges against the newspaper, and in 1951 he won the case.\nAlong with Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus and Gerard Rosenthal, Rousset was a founder of the left-wing Rassemblement d\u00e9mocratique r\u00e9volutionnaire (Revolutionary Democratic Rally), which called for a European federation on democratic socialist lines.In 1968 he was elected as a deputy to the French National Assembly as a left-wing Gaullist.", "Q64183": "K\u00fcssnacht am Rigi (official name since 2004: K\u00fcssnacht) is a village and a district and a municipality in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. The municipality consists of three villages K\u00fcssnacht, Immensee, and Merlischachen, the hamlet Haltikon, the industrial area F\u00e4nn, and the alp Seeboden. It is situated at the north shore of Lake Lucerne and at the south shore of Lake Zug below mount Rigi (1,797 m (5,896 ft)).", "Q311238": "Sean Taro Ono Lennon (Japanese: \u5c0f\u91ce \u592a\u90ce, Hepburn: Ono Tar\u014d, born October 9, 1975) is a British-American musician, songwriter, producer and multi-instrumentalist. He is the son of John Lennon and Yoko Ono. Over the course of his career, he has been a member of the bands Cibo Matto, the Ghost of a Saber Tooth Tiger, the Claypool Lennon Delirium and his parents' group the Plastic Ono Band. He has released two solo albums: Into the Sun (1998) and Friendly Fire (2006). He has produced numerous albums for various artists, including Black Lips, and the Plastic Ono Band.", "Q202250": "Alan John Villiers DSC; Military Order of St James(23 September 1903 \u2013 3 March 1982) was an author, adventurer, photographer and mariner.\nBorn in Melbourne, Australia, Villiers first went to sea at age 15 and sailed on board traditionally rigged vessels, including the full-rigged ship Joseph Conrad. He commanded square-rigged ships for films, including Moby Dick and Billy Budd. He also commanded the Mayflower II on its voyage from the United Kingdom to the United States.Villiers wrote 44 books, and served as the Chairman (1960-70) and President (1970-74) of the Society for Nautical Research, a Trustee of the National Maritime Museum, and Governor of the Cutty Sark Preservation Society. He was awarded the British Distinguished Service Cross as a Commander in the Royal Naval Reserve during the Second World War.", "Q824451": "The Boston Globe (sometimes abbreviated as The Globe) is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts, since its creation by Charles H. Taylor in 1872. The newspaper has won a total of 26 Pulitzer Prizes as of 2016, and had a total paid circulation of about 136,000 in the year ending in August 2016. The Boston Globe is the oldest and largest daily newspaper in Boston.Founded in the late 19th century, the paper was mainly controlled by Irish Catholic interests before being sold to Charles H. Taylor and his family. After being privately held until 1973, it was sold to The New York Times in 1993 for $1.1 billion, making it one of the most expensive print purchases in U.S. history. The newspaper was purchased in 2013 by Boston Red Sox and Liverpool F.C. owner John W. Henry for $70 million from The New York Times Company, having lost 93.64% of its value in twenty years.\nHistorically, the newspaper has been noted as \"one of the nation's most prestigious papers.\" The paper's coverage of the 2001\u20132003 Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal received international media attention and served as the basis of the 2015 American drama, Spotlight. In 1967, The Globe became the first major paper in the United States to come out against the Vietnam War.The chief print rival of The Boston Globe is the Boston Herald; however, The Globe is more than twice the size of the Boston Herald. As of 2013, The Globe prints and circulates the entire press run of its rival. The editor-in-chief, otherwise known as the editor, of the paper is Brian McGrory who took the helm in December 2012.", "Q99026": "Tamme Hanken (May 16, 1960 \u2013 October 10, 2016) was a German horse whisperer and animals bonesetter known from the two documentary TV shows Der XXL-Ostfriese on NDR and Knochenbrecher on Tour on kabel eins, the latter of which had had up to two million viewers. Born in Filsum, he also was the author of a book, Das Gl\u00fcck der Pferde in meinen H\u00e4nden, which was published in 2001.\nTamme Hanken, who didn't have any formal chiropractic education, died in Garmisch-Partenkirchen on October 10 2016, from sudden heart failure. 2,06 m (6 ft 9 in) tall and weighing 140 kg (309 lbs), he was described as a \"gentle giant\" by an NDR obituary.\n\n", "Q379190": "Roommates is a 1995 American comedy-drama film, starring Peter Falk, D. B. Sweeney, and Julianne Moore, directed by Peter Yates. The original music score was composed by Elmer Bernstein. The film was marketed with the tagline, \"Some people talk. Some people listen. When you're 107 and going strong, you do whatever you want.\"", "Q177111": "John William Stevenson (born September 10, 1963) is an American musician and record producer. He is the drummer, main songwriter, and the only constant member of the California punk rock group Descendents since its inception. In late December 1981, he played a few concerts with the hardcore punk band Black Flag because their drummer ROBO was detained in England after a tour there. He went on to record with Black Flag on several of their albums until 1985. After this he focused his attention on Descendents and played with them until their lead singer Milo Aukerman left in 1987. After Milo had left, Bill and the others from Descendents, Karl Alvarez and Stephen Egerton, got singer Dave Smalley of Dag Nasty and formed All. All went on to have two more singers, Scott Reynolds (1989\u20131993) and Chad Price (1993\u2013present). Aukerman came back for the 1996 album Everything Sucks, the 2004 album Cool to Be You and the newest, 2016's Hypercaffium Spazzinate. All and Descendents continue to tour between Stevenson's and Aukerman's respective careers as a recording engineer and a biochemist.\nStevenson was born in Torrance, California and attended Mira Costa High School, with fellow members of the Descendents.Stevenson, along with record producer Jason Livermore are the founders of the recording studio \"The Blasting Room\" in Fort Collins, Colorado. Currently, Stevenson is involved in Russ Rankin's side project Only Crime with former members of GWAR and Converge.\nIn 2005, he became a member of instrumental group The Mag Seven, and produced the group's album.One of Stevenson's most recent works is producing Rise Against's seventh studio album, The Black Market, which was released July 15, 2014, As I Lay Dying's Awakened as well as the recent NOFX album Self Entitled. In August 2007, he revealed plans to produce and play drums on an album by The Lemonheads.", "Q42622": "Suzhou (Chinese: \u82cf\u5dde; Suzhounese pronunciation: [s\u0259u ts\u00f8\u028f], Standard Mandarin pronunciation: [s\u00fa.\u0288\u0282\u00f3u]), alternately romanized as Soochow, is a major city located in southeastern Jiangsu Province of East China, about 100 km (62 mi) northwest of Shanghai. It is a major economic center and focal point of trade and commerce, and the second largest city in the province, after its capital Nanjing. The city is situated on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the shores of Lake Tai and belongs to the Yangtze River Delta region. Administratively, Suzhou is a prefecture-level city with a population of 4.33 million in its city proper, and a total resident population (as of 2013) of 10.58 million in its administrative area. Its urban population grew at an unprecedented rate of 6.5% between 2000 and 2014, which is the highest among cities with more than 5 million people.Founded in 514 BC, Suzhou has over 2,500 years of history, with an abundant display of relics and sites of historical interest. Around AD 100, during the Eastern Han dynasty, it became one of the ten largest cities in the world mostly due to emigration from Northern China. Since the 10th-century Song dynasty, it has been an important commercial center of China. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Suzhou was a national economic, cultural, and commercial center, as well as the largest non-capital city in the world, until the 1860 Taiping Rebellion. When Li Hongzhang and Charles George Gordon recaptured the city three years later, Shanghai had already taken its predominant place in the nation. Since major economic reforms began in 1978, Suzhou has become one of the fastest growing major cities in the world, with GDP growth rates of about 14% in the past 35 years. With high life expectancy and per capita incomes, Suzhou's Human Development Index ratings is roughly comparable to a moderately developed country, making it one of the most highly developed and prosperous cities in China.The city's canals, stone bridges, pagodas, and meticulously designed gardens have contributed to its status as one of the top tourist attractions in China. The Classical Gardens of Suzhou were added to the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1997 and 2000. Suzhou is often dubbed the \"Venice of the East\" or \"Venice of China\".", "Q111294": "Flockina von Platen (14 May 1903 \u2013 26 November 1984) was a German actress.She was born in Stolp, Pomerania, Germany (now S\u0142upsk, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland) and died at age 81 in West Berlin, West Germany.", "Q383982": "Psychedelic pop is pop music that contains musical characteristics associated with psychedelic music. Elements include \"trippy\" effects such as fuzz guitars, tape manipulation, sitars, backwards recording, and Beach Boys-style harmonies blended with pop, resulting in melodic songs with tight song structures. The style lasted into the early 1970s.", "Q63834": "Uta Ranke-Heinemann (born 2 October 1927) is a German theologian, academic, and author. She holds the (nondenominational) chair of History of Religion at the University of Duisburg-Essen in Essen, her birthplace.", "Q101087": "Claus Kleber (born 2 September 1955 in Reutlingen) is a German journalist and former lawyer. He anchors heute journal, an evening news program on ZDF, one of Germany's two major public TV stations. He is also known for his expertise in United States politics and German-American relations, as evidenced by his 2005 bestseller Amerikas Kreuzz\u00fcge (\"America's Crusades\").", "Q3529194": "Tinker Linn Hatfield, Jr., (born April 30, 1952, Hillsboro, Oregon) is an American designer of numerous Nike athletic shoe models, including the Air Jordan 3 through Air Jordan 15, the twentieth anniversary Air Jordan XX, the Air Jordan XXIII, the 2010 (XXV), the 2015 Air Jordan XX9 (XXIX), and other athletic sneakers including the world's first \"cross training\" shoes, the Nike Air Trainer. Hatfield oversees Nike's \"Innovation Kitchen\". He is Nike's Vice President for Design and Special Projects. For his many innovative designs and numerous creations over more than three decades, Hatfield is considered a legend of design.", "Q66794": "Vorderthal is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.", "Q4403902": "Anatoly Ivanovich Savin (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d; 6 April 1920 \u2013 27 March 2016) was a Russian scientist. He was a specialist in the field of information and control automation systems. He was also a Doctor of technical sciences. Savin was the chairman of the Council on the problems of image processing and the scientific director of OJSC Almaz-Antey.", "Q1431808": "Loop (\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7, R\u016bpu) is a horror novel by Japanese writer Koji Suzuki, and the third in his series of Ring.\nThe story revolves around a simulated reality, exactly the same as our own, known as the Loop: created to simulate the emergence and evolution of life. It is in this alternate universe that the events of the previous novels, Ring and Spiral took place.", "Q31814": "L\u00e9on Denis (January 1, 1846 \u2013 March 12, 1927) was a notable spiritist philosopher, and with Gabriel Delanne and Camille Flammarion, one of the principal exponents of spiritism after the death of Allan Kardec. He lectured throughout Europe at international conferences of spiritism and spiritualism, promoting the idea of survival of the soul after death and the implications of this for human relations. He is known as the apostle of French spiritism.", "Q779367": "The Ixelles Cemetery (French: Cimeti\u00e8re d'Ixelles, Dutch: begraafplaats van Elsene), located in Ixelles in the southern part of Brussels, is one of the major cemeteries in Belgium.\nThe Ixelles Cemetery also refers to a neighbourhood with a lot of bars and restaurants for students, north of the actual cemetery. It is in fact located between the two main campuses of the Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (Solbosch and La Plaine).", "Q389511": "Sostiene Pereira (Pereira pr\u00e9tend in French, Afirma Pereira in European Portuguese . P\u00e1ginas da revolu\u00e7\u00e3o in Brazilian Portuguese) is a 1995 Italian drama film directed by Roberto Faenza. It is based on Antonio Tabucchi's novel Sostiene Pereira. \nMarcello Mastroianni won the David di Donatello as Best Actor.\n\n", "Q1650296": "Instrumental rock is rock music that emphasizes musical instruments and features very little or no singing. Examples of instrumental rock can be found in practically every subgenre of rock, often from musicians who specialize in the style. Instrumental rock was most popular from the mid-1950s to mid-1960s, with artists such as Bill Doggett Combo, The Fireballs, The Shadows, The Ventures, Johnny and the Hurricanes and The Spotnicks. Surf music had many instrumental songs. Many instrumental hits came from the R&B world. Funk and disco produced several instrumental hit singles during the 1970s. The Allman Brothers Band feature several instrumentals. Jeff Beck also recorded two instrumental albums in the 1970s. Progressive rock and art rock performers of the 1960s and 1970s did many virtuosic instrumental performances.\nDuring the 1980s and 1990s, the instrumental rock genre was dominated by several guitar soloists, including Joe Satriani, Yngwie Malmsteen and Steve Vai. The 2000s gave way for a new style of instrumental performer. For example, John Lowery (a.k.a. John 5), released a solo instrumental album. The 2000s also saw the rise of instrumental music by bands that have been labeled post-rock.\n\n", "Q103848": "Philipp Rudolf Humm is an artist, film director and a former European business executive.", "Q82360": "Robert William Armstrong (November 20, 1890 \u2013 April 20, 1973) was an American film and television actor remembered for his role as Carl Denham in the 1933 version of King Kong by RKO Pictures. He uttered the famous exit quote, \"'it wasn't the airplanes, T'was beauty killed the beast,\" at the film's end.", "Q40035": "Richard Stuart Linklater (; born July 30, 1960) is an American filmmaker. He is known for humanist films that revolve mainly around suburban culture and the effects of the passage of time. His films include the observational comedy film Slacker (1990); the coming-of-age comedy film Dazed and Confused (1993); the romantic drama Before trilogy, Before Sunrise (1995), Before Sunset (2004), and Before Midnight (2013); the music-themed comedy School of Rock (2003); the animated films Waking Life (2001) and A Scanner Darkly (2006); the epic coming-of-age drama Boyhood (2014); and the comedy film Everybody Wants Some!! (2016).\nIn 2015, Linklater was included on the annual Time 100 list of the 100 most influential people in the world.Linklater is known to have a distinct style and method of filmmaking. Many of his films are noted for their loosely structured narrative; several of his projects\u2014the Before... films and Boyhood\u2014feature the same actors filmed over an extended period of years.", "Q3357605": "Othman Benjelloun (Arabic: \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646\u200e; born 1931) is a Moroccan billionaire businessman. In 2019, his net worth was estimated by Forbes at US$1.8 billion.\n\n", "Q57549": "Vasif Talibov (also Talybov; Azerbaijani: Tal\u0131bov Vasif Yusif o\u011flu, born 14 January 1960) is the current chairman of the Supreme Assembly of Nakhchivan, and regarded as the de facto authoritarian ruler of the Nakhichivan Autonomous Republic, an autonomous exclave of Azerbaijan. He is related by marriage to Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev.\n\n", "Q172069": "Franco Rol (June 5, 1908 in Turin \u2013 June 18, 1977 in Rapallo) was a racing driver from Italy. He participated in five Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on May 21, 1950. He scored no championship points. He also participated in many non-championship Formula One events.", "Q103690": "Helmut Hoelzer was a Nazi Germany V-2 rocket engineer who was brought to the United States under Operation Paperclip. Hoelzer was the inventor and constructor of the world's first electronic analog computer.\n\n", "Q165515": "101 Dalmatians: The Series is an American animated television series produced by Disney Television Animation in association with Jumbo Pictures based on the 1961 Disney animated feature of the same name and its 1996 live-action remake. The show spanned two seasons, with the first episode airing on September 1, 1997, and the last episode airing on March 4, 1998.", "Q210124": "Hamed Ziad Tlem\u00e7ani (Arabic: \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u200e, born 10 May 1963) is a retired Tunisian footballer who played for Esp\u00e9rance in Tunisia, Vit\u00f3ria S.C. in Portugal and Vissel Kobe in Japan. He was a member of the Tunisian national team and scored 2 goals at 1998 African Cup of Nations in Burkina Faso.", "Q207458": "Mischa Barton (born 24 January 1986) is a British-Irish-American film, television, and stage actress. She began her career on the stage, appearing in Tony Kushner's Slavs! and took the lead in James Lapine's Twelve Dreams at New York City's Lincoln Center. She made her screen debut with a guest appearance on the American soap opera All My Children (1996), and voicing a character on the Nickelodeon cartoon series KaBlam! (1996\u201397). Her first major film role was as the protagonist of Lawn Dogs (1997), a drama co-starring Sam Rockwell. She appeared in major pictures such as the romantic comedy Notting Hill (1999) and M. Night Shyamalan's psychological thriller The Sixth Sense (1999). She also starred in the indie crime drama Pups (1999).\nBarton later appeared in the independent drama Lost and Delirious (2001) and guest-starred as Evan Rachel Wood's girlfriend on ABC's Once and Again (2001\u201302). She played Marissa Cooper in the Fox television series The O.C. (2003\u201306), for which she received two Teen Choice Awards. The role brought Barton into mainstream fame, and Entertainment Weekly named her the \"It Girl\" of 2003.\nBarton has since appeared in the comedy remake St Trinian's (2007), the Richard Attenborough\u2013directed drama Closing the Ring (2007) and Assassination of a High School President (2008). She returned to television, starring in the short-lived Ashton Kutcher-produced CW series The Beautiful Life: TBL (2009). In 2012, she returned to the stage, performing in the Irish production of Steel Magnolias. She also appeared alongside Martin Sheen in Bhopal: A Prayer for Rain (2014). She has garnered critical praise for her roles in independent films, with the Los Angeles Times praising her \"standout\" performance in Starcrossed (2014). Barton has been cast in the MTV series The Hills: New Beginnings, a reboot of the hit show The Hills.", "Q104857": "Alois Kottmann (born 1929 in Gro\u00dfauheim, Hesse) is a German violinist, music pedagogue, university professor and patron.", "Q190944": "Jean Bodin (1530\u20131596) was a French jurist and political philosopher, member of the Parlement of Paris and professor of law in Toulouse. He is best known for his theory of sovereignty; he was also an influential writer on demonology.\nBodin lived during the aftermath of the Protestant Reformation and wrote against the background of religious conflict in France. He remained a nominal Catholic throughout his life but was critical of papal authority over governments, favouring the strong central control of a national monarchy as an antidote to factional strife. Toward the end of his life he wrote, but did not publish, a dialogue among different religions, including representatives of Judaism, Islam and natural theology, in which all agreed to coexist in concord.", "Q57239": "Johann Ludwig Tieck (; German: [ti\u02d0k]; 31 May 1773 \u2013 28 April 1853) was a German poet, fiction writer, translator, and critic. He was one of the founding fathers of the Romantic movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.", "Q240713": "The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor is a 2008 American action-adventure fantasy film, directed by Rob Cohen, written by Alfred Gough and Miles Millar, and produced by Stephen Sommers (director of The Mummy (1999) and The Mummy Returns (2001)), Bob Ducsay, Sean Daniel, and James Jacks. The film is set in China, departing from the Egyptian setting. It is the third and final installment in The Mummy trilogy. The film stars Brendan Fraser, Jet Li, Maria Bello, John Hannah, Luke Ford, Anthony Wong and Michelle Yeoh.\nThe Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor premiered in Moscow on July 24, 2008 and was released in the United States on August 1, 2008. The film grossed $403.4 million worldwide and is the lowest-grossing film in The Mummy trilogy. A sequel was in the works, titled, The Mummy: Rise of the Aztec with Fraser, Hannah, Ford and Bello reprising their roles and Antonio Banderas to play the villain. However, the film was cancelled and Universal Pictures instead opted to release a reboot in 2017 as the first and only installment in the Dark Universe franchise.", "Q90014": "Friedemann Layer (30 October 1941 \u2013 3 November 2019) was an Austrian conductor. He was assistant to Herbert von Karajan in Ulm and to Karl B\u00f6hm. In 1989, he conducted a film version of Der Schauspieldirektor, with Zdzis\u0142awa Donat and Christian Boesch in the cast.\nLayer was chief conductor of the Op\u00e9ra national de Montpellier from 1994 to 2007.", "Q485172": "Ann Arbor is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. The 2010 census recorded its population to be 113,934. It is the principal city of the Ann Arbor Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Washtenaw County. Ann Arbor is also included in the larger Southeast Michigan Combined Statistical Area.\nAnn Arbor is home to the University of Michigan. The university significantly shapes Ann Arbor's economy as it employs about 30,000 workers, including about 12,000 in the medical center. The city's economy is also centered on high technology, with several companies drawn to the area by the university's research and development infrastructure.Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the village's founders, both named Ann, and the stands of bur oak trees. The University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics. Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism, such as opposition to the Vietnam War and support for the legalization of cannabis.", "Q212733": "Joseph Ejercito Estrada (born Jose Marcelo Ejercito; April 19, 1937) is a Filipino politician and former actor who served as the 13th President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, ninth Vice President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998, and the 26th Mayor of the City of Manila, the country's capital, from 2013 to 2019. In 2001, he became the first president in Asia to be impeached from an executive role and resigned from power.\nEstrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over a hundred films in an acting career spanning some three decades, and model, who was started as a fashion and ramp model at the age of 13. He used his popularity as an actor to make gains in politics, serving as Mayor of San Juan from 1969 to 1986, as Senator from 1987 to 1992, then as Vice President under President Fidel Ramos from 1992 to 1998.\nEstrada was elected President in 1998 with a wide margin of votes separating him from the other challengers, and was sworn into the presidency on June 30, 1998. In 2000 he declared an \"all-out-war\" against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and captured its headquarters and other camps. However, allegations of corruption spawned an impeachment trial in the Senate, and in 2001 Estrada was ousted by \"People Power 2\" after the prosecution walked out of the impeachment court when the senator-judges voted \"no\" in the opening of the second envelope.\nIn 2007, Estrada was sentenced by a special division of the Sandiganbayan to reclusi\u00f3n perpetua for the plunder of $80 million from the government, but was later granted pardon by President and his former deputy Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. He ran for president again in the 2010 presidential election, but was defeated by Senator Benigno Aquino III by a wide margin. He later served as Mayor of Manila for two terms, from 2013 to 2019.", "Q87568": "Penny McLean (born Gertrude Wirschinger; 4 October 1948) is an Austrian vocalist who initially gained acclaim with the disco music act Silver Convention, but also had exposure as a single recording artist. As a solo singer, she is most remembered for her million seller \"Lady Bump\". She is also an author.", "Q80207": "The University of Lviv (Ukrainian: \u041b\u044c\u0432\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, Polish: Uniwersytet Lwowski, German: Universit\u00e4t Lemberg, briefly known as the Theresianum in the early 19th-century), presently the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (Ukrainian: \u041b\u044c\u0432\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430) is the oldest university in Ukraine, dating from 1661 when the Polish King, John II Casimir, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries it underwent transformations, suspensions and name changes that reflected the geo-political complexities of this part of Europe. The present institution can be dated to 1940. It is located in the historic city of Lviv in Lviv Oblast of Western Ukraine.", "Q275970": "Eleonora Giulia Amalia Duse ( DEW-zay, Italian: [eleo\u02c8n\u0254\u02d0ra \u02c8du\u02d0ze]; 3 October 1858 \u2013 21 April 1924), often known simply as Duse, was an Italian actress. She is regarded as one of the greatest actresses of all time, noted for her total assumption of the roles she portrayed. Duse was the subject of the 1947 biographical film Eleonora Duse.", "Q331698": "Captain Caution is a 1940 American adventure film directed by Richard Wallace set during the War of 1812. The film stars Victor Mature, Bruce Cabot and Alan Ladd. It was based on the novel of the same name by Kenneth Roberts. Elmer Raguse was nominated for an Academy Award for Sound Recording.", "Q441656": "Terri Conn (born January 28, 1975), formerly known as Terri Colombino, is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Katie Peretti on As the World Turns, Christine \u201cAubrey Wentworth\" Karr on One Life to Live, and Ashley Dupree on Breaker High. On July 1, 2011, she married her former As the World Turns co-star, Austin Peck. On December 22, 2018, Conn joined the shopping network QVC as a program host.", "Q301983": "Bret Harte (born Francis Brett Hart; August 25, 1836 \u2013 May 5, 1902) was an American short-story writer and poet, best remembered for his short fiction featuring miners, gamblers, and other romantic figures of the California Gold Rush. In a career spanning more than four decades, he wrote poetry, plays, lectures, book reviews, editorials, and magazine sketches in addition to fiction. As he moved from California to the eastern U.S. to Europe, he incorporated new subjects and characters into his stories, but his Gold Rush tales have been the works most often reprinted, adapted, and admired.", "Q178552": "Philip Andre \"Mickey\" Rourke Jr. (; born September 16, 1952), is an American actor, screenwriter, and former boxer, who has appeared primarily as a leading man in drama, action, and thriller films.\nDuring the 1980s, Rourke starred in the comedy-drama Diner (1982), the drama Rumble Fish (1983), the crime-black-comedy film The Pope of Greenwich Village (1984), and the erotic drama 9\u00bd Weeks (1986). He received critical praise for his work in the Charles Bukowski biopic Barfly and the horror mystery Angel Heart (both 1987). In 1991, Rourke teamed up with Don Johnson and Tom Sizemore in the cult classic action film Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man; also in 1991, Rourke\u2014who trained as a boxer in his early years\u2014left acting and became a professional boxer for a time.After retiring from boxing in 1994, Rourke returned to acting and had supporting roles in several films, including the drama The Rainmaker (1997), the comedy-drama Buffalo '66 (1998), the thriller-remake of Get Carter (2000), the mystery film The Pledge (2001), the crime-dark-comedy-drama Spun (2002), the action film Once Upon a Time in Mexico (2003) and the action thriller Man on Fire (2004), playing the role of a corrupt lawyer.\nIn 2005, Rourke made his comeback in mainstream Hollywood circles with a lead role in the neo-noir action thriller Sin City, for which he won awards from the Chicago Film Critics Association, the Irish Film and Television Awards, and the Online Film Critics Society. In the 2008 film The Wrestler, Rourke portrayed a past-his-prime wrestler; for his work in the film, Rourke received a 2009 Golden Globe award, a BAFTA award, and an Academy Award nomination. Since then, Rourke has appeared in several commercially successful films, including the 2010 films Iron Man 2 and The Expendables, and the 2011 film Immortals.", "Q167472": "William Barnett (March 4, 1761 \u2013 April 1832) was an American politician and soldier.", "Q493710": "Savage Garden were an Australian pop duo consisting of Darren Hayes on vocals and Daniel Jones on instruments. Formed in Logan City, Queensland, in 1994, the duo achieved international success in the late 1990s and early 2000s with the No. 1 hit singles \"I Want You\", \"To the Moon and Back\", \"Truly Madly Deeply\", \"The Animal Song\" and \"I Knew I Loved You\".\nThe band's two studio albums, Savage Garden and Affirmation, reached No. 1 in Australia and peaked in the top ten in both the United Kingdom and United States.\nTheir two studio albums have sold 23 million copies worldwide. The group won a record number of ten ARIA Music Awards in 1997 for their debut album and its related singles. They disbanded in the end of 2001, and Hayes continued as a solo artist.", "Q86676": "Richard Schmitz (14 December 1885 in Mohelnice, Moravia \u2013 27 April 1954 in Vienna) was the last Social-Christian mayor of Vienna, Austria.\nSchmitz served as Vice Chancellor of Austria, as well as its Minister of Social Welfare and of Education, and as Commissioner of Vienna. He was a member of the pro-Habsburg Christian Social Party.\nAfter an active role in the Heimwehr-Austrofascist clash with the Clericals, Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss appointed him Mayor of Vienna in 1934. He succeeded elected Mayor Karl Seitz. Ardently anti-Nazi, Schmitz was Mayor four years later when Austria was absorbed into the Third Reich in the Anschluss. Until that point, Schmitz spoke out publicly against Nazism and its tactics.\nAlong with thousands of other prominent Austrians, Richard Schmitz was arrested and taken to Dachau concentration camp in Bavaria where he remained for the length of the war. In late April 1945 Schmitz was, together with other prominent concentration camp inmates, transferred to Tyrol where the SS left the prisoners behind. He was liberated by American troops on 5 May 1945.", "Q299700": "Daniel Dae Kim (Korean: \uae40\ub300\ud604; born Kim Dae-hyun on August 4, 1968) is an American actor, voice actor, and producer. He is known for his roles as Jin-Soo Kwon in Lost, Chin Ho Kelly in Hawaii Five-0, Gavin Park in Angel, and Johnny Gat in the Saints Row series of video games. He also runs a production company called 3AD, which is currently producing the television series The Good Doctor.\n\n", "Q121341": "Hans-Werner Schwarz (born 21 September 1946 in Bad Berleburg) is a German politician for the Free Democratic Party.\nHe was elected to the Lower Saxon Landtag in 2003, and has been re-elected on one occasion.", "Q89223": "Caspar Einem (born May 6, 1948 in Salzburg) is a former Austrian politician and former minister (SP\u00d6). He served as board member of Jetalliance, which ceased operations in 2013.", "Q430911": "Peng Liyuan (simplified Chinese: \u5f6d\u4e3d\u5a9b; traditional Chinese: \u5f6d\u9e97\u5a9b; pinyin: P\u00e9ng L\u00ecyu\u00e1n, Mandarin pronunciation: [p\u02b0\u0259\u030c\u014b l\u0268\u0302y\u032f\u025b\u030cn]; born 20 November 1962) is a Chinese contemporary folk singer and performing artist. Peng Liyuan is the wife of the current General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Xi Jinping. Peng is referred to as the \"Chinese First Lady\" by Chinese media. During 2012 to 2017, Peng was the President of then People's Liberation Army Academy of Art (the name of the academy was changed in 2017 to the Military and Cultural Institute of National Defense University, People's Liberation Army).\nPeng gained popularity as a soprano singer from her regular appearances on the annual CCTV New Year's Gala, a widely viewed mainland Chinese television program that airs during the Chinese New Year. Peng has won many honors in singing competitions nationwide. Peng's most famous singles include \"People from Our Village\" (\u300a\u7236\u8001\u4e61\u4eb2\u300b), \"Zhumulangma\" (Mount Everest; \u300a\u73e0\u7a46\u6717\u739b\u300b) and \"In the Field of Hope\" (\u300a\u5728\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u4e0a\u300b). Peng also sang the theme songs of several popular TV series, such as The Water Margin (1998). She also starred in musical productions. In 1986, she received the Plum Blossom Award, China's highest theatrical award, for her lead role in The White Haired Girl.Peng was a civilian member of China's People's Liberation Army, and held the civilian rank equivalent to Major General before she was appointed the Art Academy's dean, upon which she was given the formal rank. She is known for her world-class fashion appearances, specifically on traditional Chinese styles, credited to her personal couturier Ma Ke.In 2014, Peng was listed as the 57th Most Powerful Woman in the World by Forbes.", "Q131152": "Shirin Ebadi (Persian: \u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0649\u200e, romanized: \u0160irin Eb\u0101di; born 21 June 1947) is an Iranian political activist, lawyer, a former judge and human rights activist and founder of Defenders of Human Rights Center in Iran. On 10 October 2003, Ebadi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her significant and pioneering efforts for democracy and human rights, especially women's, children's, and refugee rights. She was the first Iranian and the first Muslim woman to receive the prize, and thousands greeted her at the airport when she returned from Paris after receiving the news that she had won the prize. The response to the Award in Iran was mixed\u2014enthusiastic supporters greeted her at the airport upon her return, the conservative media underplayed it, and then-Iranian President Mohammad Khatami criticized it as political.In 2009, Norway's Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr St\u00f8re, published a statement reporting that Ebadi's Nobel Peace Prize had been confiscated by Iranian authorities and that \"This [was] the first time a Nobel Peace Prize ha[d] been confiscated by national authorities.\" Iran denied the charges.Ebadi lived in Tehran, but she has been in exile in the UK since June 2009 due to the increase in persecution of Iranian citizens who are critical of the current regime. In 2004, she was listed by Forbes magazine as one of the \"100 most powerful women in the world\". She is also included in a published list of the \"100 most influential women of all time.\"Shirin Ebadi is also one of the 25 leading figures on the Information and Democracy Commission launched by Reporters Without Borders.", "Q939402": "Vassar Carlton Clements (April 25, 1928 \u2013 August 16, 2005) was a Grammy Award-winning American jazz, swing, and bluegrass fiddler. Clements has been dubbed the Father of Hillbilly Jazz, an improvisational style that blends and borrows from swing, hot jazz, and bluegrass along with roots also in country and other musical traditions.", "Q96303": "Jost de Jager (born 7 March 1965 in Rendsburg) is a German politician. He was the leading candidate of the Christian Democratic Union in the 2012 Schleswig-Holstein state election.\n\n", "Q54056": "Sigismund I the Old (Polish: Zygmunt I Stary, Lithuanian: \u017dygimantas I Senasis; 1 January 1467 \u2013 1 April 1548) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1506 until his death in 1548. Sigismund I was a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty, the son of Casimir IV and younger brother of kings John I Albert and Alexander I Jagiellon. He was nicknamed \"the Old\" in later historiography to distinguish him from his son and successor, Sigismund II Augustus.\nSigismund was born in the town of Kozienice in 1467 as the fifth son of Casimir IV and his wife Elizabeth of Austria. He was one of thirteen children and was not expected to assume the throne after his father. Sigismund's eldest brother and rightful heir Vladislaus II instead became the King of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia as the successor to George of Pod\u011bbrady in Bohemia and then to Matthias Corvinus in Hungary, thus temporarily uniting these kingdoms. When Casimir died, the Polish-Lithuanian realm was divided between the remaining two older sons, with John Albert being crowned King of Poland, and Alexander as Grand Duke of Lithuania. Alexander inherited Poland following John Albert's sudden death in 1501. Hence, Sigismund's reign only began when he succeeded Alexander to both titles in 1506 at the age of 39.\nA capable monarch and a patron of arts, Sigismund established Polish rule over Ducal Prussia and annexed the Duchy of Mazovia with Warsaw, whilst retaining the nation's wealth and prominence in the region. He assured that his nephew Albert, Duke of Prussia, and his Protestant successors will pay a feudal homage or tribute to Polish monarchs as a sign of political and diplomatic dependence. This was observed until the Treaty of Bromberg in 1657 when Prussia gained its sovereignty. Sigismund and commander Jan Amor Tarnowski also defeated Moldavia at Obertyn in 1531 and Muscovy in 1535, thereby strengthening the country's eastern borders. His 42-year reign was further marked by decisive contributions to Polish architecture, cuisine, language and customs, especially at the behest of his second wife, the Italian-born Bona Sforza. Italian styles and fashions dominated at the height of the Polish Renaissance and Polish Golden Age, which developed the Roman Catholic identity of Poland. He was commemorated on a contemporary 200-z\u0142oty banknote.\nSigismund was married twice, first to noblewoman Barbara Z\u00e1polya from Hungary and then to Bona Sforza, the daughter of Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Duke of Milan. Their only son and the last Jagiellon king, Sigismund Augustus, was co-crowned vivente rege in 1529 and formally assumed throne when Sigismund the Old died in 1548.", "Q12003": "Cher (; born Cherilyn Sarkisian; May 20, 1946) is an American singer, actress and television personality. Commonly referred to by the media as the Goddess of Pop, she has been described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry. Cher is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in numerous areas of entertainment, as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her six-decade-long career.\nCher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song \"I Got You Babe\" reached number one on the American and British charts. By the end of 1967, they had sold 40 million records worldwide and had become, according to Time magazine, rock's \"it\" couple. She began her solo career simultaneously, releasing in 1966 her first million-seller song, \"Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)\". She became a television personality in the 1970s with her shows The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour, watched by over 30 million viewers weekly during its three-year run, and Cher. She emerged as a fashion trendsetter by wearing elaborate outfits on her television shows.\nWhile working on television, Cher established herself as a solo artist with the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles \"Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves\", \"Half-Breed\", and \"Dark Lady\". After her divorce from Sonny Bono in 1975, she launched a comeback in 1979 with the disco album Take Me Home and earned $300,000 a week for her 1980\u20131982 concert residency in Las Vegas.\nIn 1982, Cher made her Broadway debut in the play Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean and starred in its film adaptation. She subsequently received critical acclaim for her performances in films such as Silkwood (1983), Mask (1985), The Witches of Eastwick (1987), and Moonstruck (1987), with the latter having earned her the Academy Award for Best Actress. She then revived her musical career by recording the rock-inflected albums Cher (1987), Heart of Stone (1989), and Love Hurts (1991), all of which yielded successful singles such as \"I Found Someone\", \"If I Could Turn Back Time\", and \"Love and Understanding\".\nCher reached a new commercial peak in 1998 with the dance-pop album Believe, whose title track became the biggest-selling single of all time by a female artist in the UK. It features pioneering use of Auto-Tune to distort her vocals, known as the \"Cher effect\". Her 2002\u20132005 Living Proof: The Farewell Tour became one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time, earning $250 million. In 2008, she signed a $180 million deal to headline the Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas for three years. In 2018, Cher returned to film for her first on-screen role since 2010's Burlesque, starring in the musical romantic comedy film Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again. Inspired by the film, the album Dancing Queen (2018) debuted at number three on the Billboard 200, tying with 2013's Closer to the Truth for Cher's highest-charting solo album in the U.S.\nHaving sold 100 million records to date, Cher is one of the world's best-selling music artists. Her achievements include a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, an Academy Award, three Golden Globe Awards, a Cannes Film Festival Award, and awards from the Kennedy Center Honors and the Council of Fashion Designers of America. She is the only artist to date to have a number-one single on a Billboard chart in six consecutive decades, from the 1960s to the 2010s. Outside of her music and acting, she is noted for her political views, social media presence, philanthropic endeavors, and social activism, including LGBT rights and HIV/AIDS prevention.", "Q862412": "Nikolai Yevgenyevich Virta (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0301) (real name Karelsky) (December 19 [O.S. December 6] 1906 \u2013 January 3, 1976) was a Soviet writer who developed the theory of \"conflictless\" drama.", "Q441130": "Katarina Sofie \"Kattis\" Ahlstr\u00f6m (born 9 June 1966, in Gothenburg) is a Swedish journalist and television presenter. She is a sister of Gabriella Ahlstr\u00f6m.\nShe hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2000 together with Anders Lundin, in the Stockholm Globe Arena, and announced the Swedish results in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003. From 28 July 2006, she has been employed at the Sveriges Radio P1 channel.", "Q202246": "Steven Patrick Morrissey (; born 22 May 1959), known mononymously as Morrissey, is an English singer, songwriter, and author. He came to prominence as the frontman of the rock band the Smiths, which was active from 1982 to 1987. Since then, he has pursued a commercially successful solo career. Morrissey's music is characterised by his baritone voice and distinctive lyrics with recurring themes of emotional isolation, sexual longing, self-deprecating and black humour, and anti-establishment stances.\nBorn to working-class Irish immigrants in Davyhulme, Lancashire, Morrissey grew up in nearby Manchester. As a child, he developed a love of literature, kitchen sink realism, and pop music. In the late 1970s, he fronted punk rock band the Nosebleeds with little success before beginning a career in music journalism and writing several books on music and film in the early 1980s. He formed the Smiths with Johnny Marr in 1982 and the band soon attracted national recognition for their eponymous debut album. As the band's frontman, Morrissey attracted attention for his trademark quiff and witty and sardonic lyrics. Deliberately avoiding rock machismo, he cultivated the image of a sexually ambiguous social outsider who embraced celibacy. The Smiths released three further studio albums\u2014Meat Is Murder, The Queen Is Dead, and Strangeways, Here We Come\u2014and had a string of hit singles. The band were critically acclaimed and attracted a cult following. Personal differences between Morrissey and Marr resulted in the separation of the Smiths in 1987.\nIn 1988 Morrissey launched his solo career with Viva Hate. This album and its follow-ups\u2014Kill Uncle, Your Arsenal, and Vauxhall and I\u2014all did well on the UK Albums Chart and spawned multiple hit singles. Replacing Marr, he took on Alain Whyte and Boz Boorer as his main co-writers. During this time, his image began to shift into that of a burlier figure who toyed with patriotic imagery and working-class masculinity. In the mid-to-late 1990s, his albums Southpaw Grammar and Maladjusted also charted but were less well received. Relocating to Los Angeles, he took a musical hiatus from 1998 to 2003 before releasing a successful comeback album, You Are the Quarry, in 2004. Ensuing years saw the release of albums Ringleader of the Tormentors, Years of Refusal, World Peace Is None of Your Business, Low in High School, California Son, and I Am Not a Dog on a Chain, as well as his autobiography and his debut novel, List of the Lost.\nHighly influential, Morrissey has been credited as a seminal figure in the emergence of indie rock and Britpop. He is regarded as one of the greatest lyricists in British history and his lyrics have been closely studied by academics. He has been a controversial figure throughout his music career due to his forthright opinions and outspoken nature\u2014endorsing vegetarianism and animal rights, criticising royalty and prominent politicians, defending a particular vision of English national identity while critiquing the impact of immigration on the UK. In a 2006 poll for the BBC's Culture Show, Morrissey was voted the second-greatest living British cultural icon.\n\n", "Q361911": "David J. Ball (30 March 1950 \u2013 1 April 2015) was an English guitar player.", "Q384023": "Cinderella was an American rock band formed in 1982 from the suburbs of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The band emerged in the mid-1980s with a series of multi-platinum albums and hit singles whose music videos received heavy MTV rotation. Cinderella initially had a heavy metal and glam metal sound before shifting into a more hard rock and blues rock based sound. By the mid-1990s, the band's popularity declined severely due to personal setbacks, break-ups, and changes in the music industry. After a brief hiatus, Cinderella reunited in 1996 and continued to perform live, but never released any studio material after their 1994 album Still Climbing. The band has sold 15 million records worldwide, according to Tom Keifer's official website. After participating in the 2014 \"Monsters of Rock Cruise\", Cinderella again became inactive. In November 2017, Keifer stated that the band will not be reforming.", "Q64195": "Spl\u00fcgen (Romansh: Spleia, Italian: Spluga) is a former municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2006 Spl\u00fcgen incorporated its neighbouring municipality of Medels im Rheinwald. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Hinterrhein, Nufenen and Spl\u00fcgen merged to form the new municipality of Rheinwald.\nIn 1995, the Swiss Heritage Society bestowed the Wakker Prize to Spl\u00fcgen.", "Q316541": "Lucas Daniel Till (born August 10, 1990) is an American actor. He began acting in the early 2000s and has appeared in a number of film and television productions including roles on House, Stoker, Dance of the Dead, Hannah Montana: The Movie, and Monster Trucks. He is known for his role as Havok in the X-Men series starting with 2011 X-Men: First Class and plays Angus MacGyver in the 2016 reboot of the television series MacGyver, which premiered in September 2016.", "Q39286": "Entomology (from Ancient Greek \u1f14\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd (entomon), meaning 'insect', and -\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 (-logia), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term \"insect\" was vaguer, and historically the definition of entomology included the study of terrestrial animals in other arthropod groups or other phyla, such as arachnids, myriapods, earthworms, land snails, and slugs. This wider meaning may still be encountered in informal use.\nLike several of the other fields that are categorized within zoology, entomology is a taxon-based category; any form of scientific study in which there is a focus on insect-related inquiries is, by definition, entomology. Entomology therefore overlaps with a cross-section of topics as diverse as molecular genetics, behavior, biomechanics, biochemistry, systematics, physiology, developmental biology, ecology, morphology, and paleontology.\nAt some 1.3 million described species, insects account for more than two-thirds of all known organisms, date back some 400 million years, and have many kinds of interactions with humans and other forms of life on earth.", "Q491661": "Guano Apes are a rock band formed in 1994 in G\u00f6ttingen, Germany. Since its formation the band has consisted of Sandra Nasi\u0107 (vocals), Henning R\u00fcmenapp (guitars, backing vocals), Stefan Ude (bass, backing vocals) and Dennis Poschwatta (drums, backing vocals).AllMusic calls the quartet alt-rock and their sound a fusion of metal, pop and rap.Over the course of its career the band has released five studio albums, one live album, two compilation albums, five video albums and fifteen singles.", "Q741836": "Primus is an American funk metal band formed in El Sobrante, California in 1984. The band is currently composed of bassist/vocalist Les Claypool, guitarist Larry \"Ler\" LaLonde and drummer Tim \"Herb\" Alexander. Primus originally formed in 1984 with Claypool and guitarist Todd Huth, later joined by drummer Jay Lane, though the latter two departed the band at the end of 1988. Featuring LaLonde and Alexander, Primus recorded the live album Suck on This in 1989, followed by four studio albums: Frizzle Fry, Sailing the Seas of Cheese, Pork Soda, and Tales from the Punchbowl. Alexander left the band in 1996, replaced by Bryan \"Brain\" Mantia, and Primus went on to record the original theme song for the TV show South Park and two more albums, Brown Album and Antipop, before declaring a hiatus in 2000.\nIn 2003, Claypool and LaLonde reunited with Alexander and released a DVD/EP, Animals Should Not Try to Act Like People, before touring sporadically through 2009. In 2010, Lane rejoined Primus, replacing Alexander, and the band released their seventh album, Green Naugahyde, in 2011. In 2013, Lane left the band to focus on other projects, and Alexander rejoined once again. They have released some of their records on Claypool's own label Prawn Song Records.\nPrimus is characterized by its irreverent, quirky approach to music. In 1993, Robert Christgau remarked: \"[Primus is] quite possibly the strangest top-10 band ever, and good for them.\"\n\n", "Q133745": "Celso Albelo (born in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain) is a Spanish operatic tenor. He has sung leading roles in many opera houses including Teatro alla Scala (Milan, Italy); the Royal Opera House (London, United Kingdom), Teatro La Fenice (Venice, Italy).", "Q59572": "In the Cut is a 2003 psychological thriller film written and directed by Jane Campion and starring Meg Ryan, Mark Ruffalo, and Jennifer Jason Leigh. Campion's screenplay is an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Susanna Moore. The film focuses on an English teacher who becomes personally entangled with a detective investigating a series of gruesome murders in her Manhattan neighborhood.\nThe film received a limited release on October 22, 2003 in the United States, and was subsequently given a wide release on Halloween that year in the United States and United Kingdom. The film received mixed to negative reviews from most critics.\n\n", "Q76591": "Joseph Derenbourg, or Joseph Naftali Derenburg (21 August 1811 \u2013 29 July 1895) was a Franco-German orientalist.\nHe was born in Mainz (then French-controlled), as a youngest son of the lawyer Jacob Derenburg.\nAccording to the 1911 Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, \"He was a considerable force in the educational revival of Jewish education in France.\" He made great contributions to the knowledge of Saadia, and planned a complete edition of Saadia's works in Arabic and French. A large part of this work appeared during his lifetime.\nHe also wrote an Essai sur l'histoire et la g\u00e9ographie de la Palestine (Paris, 1867). This was an original contribution to the history of the Jews and Judaism in the time of Christ, and has been much used by later writers on the subject (e.g., by Emil Sch\u00fcrer). He also published in collaboration with his son Hartwig Derenbourg, Opuscules et trait\u00e9s d'Abou-l-Walid (with translation, 1880); Deux Versions hebra\u00efques du livre de Kalilah et Dimnah (1881), and a Latin translation of the same story under the title Joannis de Capua directorium vitae humanae (1889); Commentaire de Ma\u00efmonide sur la Mischnah Seder Tohorot (Berlin, 1886-1891); and edited the second edition of Silvestre de Sacy's S\u00e9ances de Hariri (Paris, Hachette, 1853). In 1871, Derenbourg annotated and published in Paris an important medieval work on Hebrew grammar, taken from a manuscript retrieved in Yemen, and which he titled Manuel du Lecteur (Readers Manual). The manuscript is one of the sole remaining copies of a Hebrew variant of the work known as Ma\u1e25beret ha-Ti\u011f\u0101n (Manual of the Codices), outlining the rules of Hebrew grammar. He died in 1895 at Bad Ems.", "Q56641": "Albrecht Willem \"Pim\" Lier (22 July 1918 \u2013 9 April 2015) was a Dutch lawyer and jurist. He became well known in 1979 when he was revealed to be the illegitimate son of Prince Henry, the husband of Queen Wilhelmina. This made him a paternal half-brother of Queen Juliana and the half-uncle of Queen Beatrix. \nHe became a member of the Centre Party in 1984 and served as chairman until 1986. \nOn 18 December 1986 he shot his wife due to her terminal illness. He served four and a half years in prison for murder.", "Q66782": "August Hei\u00dfmeyer (or Heissmeyer \u2013 11 January 1897 \u2013 16 January 1979), was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. He commanded the SS Main Office in 1935\u20131939. After World War II, Hei\u00dfmeyer was tried and convicted as a \"major Nazi offender\".", "Q730017": "Patrick Jake O'Rourke (born November 14, 1947) is an American political satirist and journalist. O'Rourke is the H. L. Mencken Research Fellow at the libertarian Cato Institute and is a regular correspondent for The Atlantic Monthly, The American Spectator, and The Weekly Standard, and frequent panelist on National Public Radio's game show Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me! Since 2011, he has been a columnist at The Daily Beast.In the UK, he is known as the face of a long-running series of television advertisements for British Airways in the 1990s. He is the author of 20 books, the best known of which are Holidays in Hell, a compilation of O'Rourke's articles as a free-lance foreign correspondent, All the Trouble in the World, an examination of current political concerns such as global warming and famine from a libertarian perspective.The Forbes Media Guide Five Hundred, 1994 states, \"O'Rourke's original reporting, irreverent humor, and crackerjack writing makes for delectable reading. He never minces words or pulls his punches, whatever the subject.\"", "Q102598": "Otto Dickel (5 June 1880 in Darmstadt \u2013 15 June 1944 in Undingen) was the founder of the fascist V\u00f6lkisch Work Community that existed in Germany during the Weimar Republic era. In 1921, Dickel participated in negotiations with the Nazi Party under the leadership of Anton Drexler, who attempted to negotiate with Dickel to merge the Volkish Work Community with the Nazi Party and the German Social Party. However such plans were scrapped when Adolf Hitler, then only a member of the Nazi party, vehemently rejected the plan and threatened to resign from the NSDAP if the Nazis agreed to the merger. Hitler personally accused Dickel of being an enemy of National Socialism. Over time, Dickel would gradually drift away from his economic views and by the 1930s had become a proponent of laissez-faire capitalism.Otto Dickel spoke of the need for the creation of a Greater German nation, the revival of the German nation as well as German and Western culture and the need to abandon what he saw as a cowardly contemporary culture.\nMany a time acquaintances have told me that I see the world differently from them. That is true. Who sees it correctly? Men of science with their mechanistic thinking will certainly attack me, will carp and criticize, will discover some errors and ridicule me. Let them. But if in the immediate future, perhaps even before this book is published events take place in Russia as I have foretold, if social ferment begins in France, which is heading for the most uncompromising imperialism, and, as I fear, in England too, if the German people, overwhelmed by despair, is gripped by the irresistible force of the national resurgence, then I can only wish it be men who see as I so. Men who comprehend the meaning of the world war and of contemporary events and through their bold action create a free German people on its own soil. Dr. Otto Dickel, The Resurgence of the West, 1921.\nThe perfection of Western culture is eminent. The great creative spirit which smooths its path will come because its hour approaches. It will prevail. For the German people will understand it, follow it loyally to the bitter end, because it is a healthy and vital people. Come what may, there is one thing no one must let himself be robbed of without sacrificing himself: the faith in the German people in its world-historical task, and its fortune!. Dr. Otto Dickel, The Resurgence of the West", "Q464398": "Omar Benjelloun (1936, in Oujda \u2013 18 December 1975, in Casablanca) was a Moroccan journalist, engineer, lawyer and trade union activist.", "Q912687": "James Falconer Kirkup, FRSL (23 April 1918 \u2013 10 May 2009), born James Harold Kirkup, was an English poet, translator and travel writer. He wrote over 30 books, including autobiographies, novels and plays. He wrote under many pen-names including James Falconer, Aditya Jha, Jun Honda, Andrew James, Taeko Kawai, Felix Liston, Edward Raeburn, and Ivy B. Summerforest. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1962", "Q444048": "Lu\u00edz Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o dos Santos was born in Pesqueira, Brazil on 25 December 1916. He was a sociologist, anthropologist, folklorist, columnist, writer, advocate, and journalist. He was also known by the nicknames Ziul and Paje\u00fa.\nLu\u00edz Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o dos Santos studied fishing in Recife and completed his bachelor's in law and social sciences at the Recife Faculty of Law in 1944. He was a promoter of justice in various districts of the hinterland of Pernambuco and director of the newspaper Gazeta do Paje\u00fa during the 1950s. He was a candidate for State Deputy UDN \u2013 National Democratic Union in 1947 and after obtaining 1,339 votes became an alternate member. He also held candidacy for vice-mayor of the city in 1955. He participated actively in the cultural and political history of Pernambuco, fighting for citizens' rights and defending the state. Due to the premature death of a child, he retired as the second letter from lawyer OAB, the Brazilian Bar Association.\nA writer since adolescence, Lu\u00eds Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o dos Santos was also a journalist published in The Voice of the Hinterlands, the Gazeta Paje\u00fa, Diario de Pernambuco and Jornal do Commercio and developed the Journal of Cultural Supplement of the state of Pernambuco. He wrote for several other newspapers in the country and contributed many works in the national press and Italy.\nLu\u00edz Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o dos Santos was a member of the Academy of Arts in Pernambuco, Chair Four, and Patron of Chair 12 in the College of Letters and Arts Pesqueirense, a position once occupied by the immortal Lamb of Jarival Amaral. He twice received the award Othon Bezerra de Mello from the Academy of Arts Pernambuco with the book Paths of Paje\u00fa (Chronic, 1955, foreword by Jos\u00e9 Lins do Rego), which became a best seller within a year in Rio de Janeiro, and Paths of the Hinterland (Chronic, 1970, preface by Mauro Mota). He was bestowed with the Medal of Merit of the Joaquim Nabuco Foundation for relevant contribution to Brazilian culture and in September 1970 received the title of Citizen of Recife.\nHe also contributed to the development of several books, documentaries, films, and national reports on the Brazilian jungle and the river Paje\u00fa, for which he was nicknamed. He was later recognized in Italy as a scholar of Frei Dami\u00e3o the Order of Friars Minor Capuchins in Sicily. His biography is being developed under the title ZIUL.\nLu\u00edz Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o dos Santos died on 30 June 1997 in Santa Joana Hospital in the city of Recife of a stroke.", "Q154912": "Olav V (born Prince Alexander of Denmark; 2 July 1903 \u2013 17 January 1991) was King of Norway from 1957 until his death.\nOlav was the only child of King Haakon VII of Norway and Maud of Wales. He became heir apparent to the Norwegian throne when his father was elected King of Norway in 1905. He was the first heir to the Norwegian throne to be brought up in Norway since Olav IV in the fourteenth century, and his parents made sure he was given as Norwegian an upbringing as possible. In preparation for his future role, he attended both civilian and military schools. In 1929, he married his first cousin Princess M\u00e4rtha of Sweden. During World War II his leadership was much appreciated and he was appointed Norwegian Chief of Defence in 1944. Olav became king following the death of his father in 1957. \nOwing to his considerate, down-to-earth style, King Olav was immensely popular, resulting in the nickname Folkekongen (\"The People's King\"). In a 2005 poll by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, Olav was voted \"Norwegian of the Century\".", "Q103692": "Wilhelm \"Willi\" Veller (October 9, 1896, Witten, Province of Westphalia \u2013 June 22, 1941) was a German politician and member of the Nazi Party and the SA. As chief of police (Polizeipr\u00e4sident) in Wuppertal, he oversaw Kemna concentration camp until he was removed from his post. He was later sent to the east front, where he died fighting in Bred\u016bnai (also known as Bredauen or Jagodne) in the district of Gumbin\u0117 (Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen, Nesterov), East Prussia, in 1941.", "Q390042": "Wishmaster is a 1997 American fantasy slasher film directed by Robert Kurtzman. The film was executive produced by Wes Craven, and is the only film of the Wishmaster series with his name attached. Its plot concerns a djinn, a wish-granting, evil genie who is released from a jewel and seeks to capture the soul of the woman who discovered him, thereby opening a portal and freeing his fellow djinn to inhabit and enslave the Earth.\nThe film stars Andrew Divoff as The Djinn and Tammy Lauren.\nThe film was followed by three sequels, Wishmaster 2: Evil Never Dies (1999), Wishmaster 3: Beyond the Gates of Hell (2001) and Wishmaster: The Prophecy Fulfilled (2002).", "Q240061": "Dead Men Don't Count (Spanish: \u00bfQui\u00e9n grita venganza?, Italian: I morti non si contano, also known as Cry for Revenge) is a 1968 Spanish-Italian Spaghetti Western film written and directed by Rafael Romero Marchent.", "Q94500": "Raoul Schrott (born 17 January 1964) is an Austrian poet, writer, literary critic, translator and broadcast personality.\nSchrott was raised in Tunis where his father served as an Austrian sales representative. Raoul attended the universities of Norwich, Paris, Berlin and Innsbruck. He completed a thesis on \"Dada 1921 \u2013 1922 in Tirol\". He translated Homer's wrtitings into colloquial German. In 2008 he was appointed Visiting professor by the Free University Berlin. He lives in Austria.", "Q2360382": "St\u00e9phane Richard (born 24 August 1961) is a French businessman and the Chief Executive and Chairman of the worldwide mobile phone network Orange.\n\n", "Q59566": "The Upside of Anger is a 2005 American romantic comedy and drama film written and directed by Mike Binder and starring Joan Allen, Kevin Costner and Evan Rachel Wood. It is set in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. The film was produced by Jack Binder, Alex Gartner and Sammy Lee.\n\n", "Q443733": "The Woman of My Dreams (German: Die Frau meiner Tr\u00e4ume) is a 1944 German musical comedy film directed by Georg Jacoby and starring Marika R\u00f6kk, Wolfgang Lukschy and Walter M\u00fcller.The film's sets were designed by the art director Erich Kettelhut. It was shot at the Babelsberg and Tempelhof Studios in Berlin, using the Agfacolor process. It premiered at the Marmorhaus in August 1944.", "Q125133": "V\u00edctor Lidio Jara Mart\u00ednez (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u03b2ikto\u027e \u02c8li\u00f0jo \u02c8xa\u027ea ma\u027e\u02c8tines]; 28 September 1932 \u2013 16 September 1973) was a Chilean teacher, theater director, poet, singer-songwriter and communist political activist tortured and killed during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. He developed Chilean theater by directing a broad array of works, ranging from locally produced plays to world classics, as well as the experimental work of playwrights such as Ann Jellicoe. He also played a pivotal role among neo-folkloric musicians who established the Nueva Canci\u00f3n Chilena (New Chilean Song) movement. This led to an uprising of new sounds in popular music during the administration of President Salvador Allende.\nJara was arrested shortly after the Chilean coup of 11 September 1973, which overthrew Allende. He was tortured during interrogations and ultimately shot dead, and his body was thrown out on the street of a shantytown in Santiago. The contrast between the themes of his songs\u2014which focused on love, peace, and social justice\u2014and the brutal way in which he was murdered transformed Jara into a \"potent symbol of struggle for human rights and justice\" for those killed during the Pinochet regime. His preponderant role as an open admirer and propagandist for Che Guevara and Allende's government, under which he served as a cultural ambassador through the late 60's and until the early 70's crisis that ended in the coup against Allende, marked him for death.\nIn June 2016, a Florida jury found former Chilean Army officer Pedro Barrientos liable for Jara's murder. In July 2018, eight retired Chilean military officers were sentenced to 15 years and a day in prison for Jara's murder.", "Q41329": "Linz (, German: [\u02c8l\u026ants]; Czech: Linec) is the third-largest city of Austria and capital and largest city of the state of Upper Austria (German: Ober\u00f6sterreich). It is in the north centre of Austria, approximately 30 kilometres (19 miles) south of the Czech border, on both sides of the river Danube. The population of the city is 205,726, and that of the Greater Linz conurbation is about 789,811.\nIn 2009 Linz, together with the Lithuanian capital Vilnius, was chosen as the European Capital of Culture. Since 1 December 2014 Linz is a member of the UNESCO Creative Cities (UCCN) network as a City of Media Arts. Cities receive this title for enriching the urban lifestyle through the sponsorship and successful integration of media art and involving society in these electronic art forms. Linz is well known for the Linzer torte, which is said to be the oldest cake in the world, with its first recipe dating from 1653.", "Q2661519": "Bruno Coquatrix (5 August 1910, Ronchin, Nord \u2013 1 April 1979) was mainly known as the owner and manager of the music hall Paris Olympia. He was instrumental in recognizing and exposing the talent of up-and-coming performers and brought international stars to Parisian audiences.", "Q3997": "Naalai Manithan (transl.\u2009The Man of Tomorrow) is a 1989 Tamil-language science fiction horror film written and directed by Velu Prabhakaran. The film was produced by Thakkali Srinivasan under the banner Perfect Productions. Premi \u2013 Srini composed the music for the film. It stars Ajay Rathnam playing the titular role with Prabhu, Amala and Jaishankar playing the protagonist roles. The film was inspired from the American film Silent Rage directed by Michael Miller. The movie was remade in Kannada as Manava 2022 starring Devaraj.", "Q633278": "Akira Terao (\u5bfa\u5c3e \u8070, Terao Akira, born May 18, 1947) is a Japanese musician, singer and movie actor. As of 2012, he is the only male actor to have received both the Japan Record Award and the Japan Academy Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role.", "Q66796": "R\u00fcdlingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.", "Q230586": "Laura Esquivel (born September 30, 1950) is a Mexican novelist, screenwriter and a politician who serves in the Chamber of Deputies (2012-2018) for the Morena Party. Her first novel Como agua para chocolate (Like Water for Chocolate) became a bestseller in Mexico and the United States, and was later developed into an award-winning film.", "Q1232180": "The University of Granada (Spanish: Universidad de Granada, UGR) is a public university located in the city of Granada, Spain, and founded in 1531 by Emperor Charles V. With approximately 80,000 students, it is the fourth largest university in Spain. Apart from the city of Granada, UGR also has campuses in Ceuta and Melilla.\nIn the academic year 2012/2013 almost 2,000 European students were enrolled in UGR through the Erasmus Programme, making it the most popular European destination. The university's Center for Modern Languages (CLM) receives over 10,000 international students each year. In 2014, UGR was voted the best Spanish university by international students.", "Q242676": "Liu Yifei (Chinese: \u5218\u4ea6\u83f2; pinyin: Li\u00fa Y\u00ecf\u0113i, born An Feng August 25, 1987), also known as Crystal Liu, is a Chinese-American actress, singer, and model. She is widely known as Fairy Sister in the entertainment industry. She was named as one of the New Four Dan actresses of China in 2009. She played the lead role as Mulan in The Walt Disney Company's live-action film Mulan.", "Q1559208": "Joseph Thyssen, also Josef Thyssen (Eschweiler, 14 February 1844 \u2013 M\u00fclheim an der Ruhr, 15 July 1915), was a German industrialist. He was the son of Friedrich Thyssen and the younger brother of August Thyssen, who was also his closest colleague and confidant.\nAfter working with his brother in the banking business of their father, Thyssen was co-owner since 1877 of August Thyssen\u2019s Styrum Mill Thyssen & Co. He held this position in various supervisory and management bodies of the Thyssen Group. Among other things, he was a founding board member of the M\u00fclheim Mining Association from 1898. In 1900 he moved with his family to his newly built Villa Josef Thyssen by the River Ruhr.\nIn 1880 he married Klara Bagel, the daughter of a M\u00fclheim publishing family (1856\u20131918). The couple had three children: Julius (1881\u20131946), Johanna (1883\u20131887) and Hans (1890\u20131943). In 1915 Joseph Thyssen died at the M\u00fclheim plant, having fallen between two rail car buffers during an evening patrol. He was buried in the Old Cemetery (Old Cemetery) in M\u00fclheim an de Ruhr.\ntaken from Wikipedia (German), translated by Google Translator.", "Q512568": "Gustavo Antonio \"Tav\" Falco (born May 25, 1945) is an American-born musical performer, performance artist, actor, filmmaker, and photographer. He has led the psychedelic rock-and-roll group Tav Falco's Panther Burns (named after a plantation in Mississippi) since 1979. He moved to Europe in the late 1990s and since 2002 has been touring with his Panther Burns group, including musicians from Paris and Rome.", "Q430905": "Timothy James \"Tim\" McIlrath (born November 3, 1978) is an American rock musician. He is the lead singer, rhythm guitarist, songwriter and co-founder of the American rock band Rise Against. McIlrath is known to support animal rights and actively promotes PETA with his band. He is also straight edge.", "Q52433": "Minnie Bruce Pratt (born September 12, 1946) is an American educator, activist and essayist. She is a Professor of Writing and Women\u2019s Studies at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York where she was invited to help develop the university\u2019s first LGBT Study Program.", "Q96317": "Nikolai Vogel (born January 10, 1971 in Munich) is a German writer.", "Q42620": "The Palestinian National Authority (PA or PNA; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u200e as-Sul\u1e6da al-Wa\u1e6dan\u012bya al-Filas\u1e6d\u012bn\u012bya) is the interim self-government body established in 1994 following the Gaza\u2013Jericho Agreement to govern the Gaza Strip and Areas A and B of the West Bank, as a consequence of the 1993 Oslo Accords. Following elections in 2006 and the subsequent Gaza conflict between the Fatah and Hamas parties, its authority had extended only in areas A and B of the West Bank. Since January 2013, the Fatah-controlled Palestinian Authority uses the name \"State of Palestine\" on official documents.The Palestinian Authority was formed in 1994, pursuant to the Oslo Accords between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the government of Israel, as a five-year interim body. Further negotiations were then meant to take place between the two parties regarding its final status. According to the Oslo Accords, the Palestinian Authority was designated to have exclusive control over both security-related and civilian issues in Palestinian urban areas (referred to as \"Area A\") and only civilian control over Palestinian rural areas (\"Area B\"). The remainder of the territories, including Israeli settlements, the Jordan Valley region and bypass roads between Palestinian communities, were to remain under Israeli control (\"Area C\"). East Jerusalem was excluded from the Accords. Negotiations with several Israeli governments had resulted in the Authority gaining further control of some areas, but control was then lost in some areas when the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) retook several strategic positions during the Second (\"Al-Aqsa\") Intifada. In 2005, after the Second Intifada, Israel withdrew unilaterally from its settlements in the Gaza Strip, thereby expanding Palestinian Authority control to the entire strip while Israel continued to control the crossing points, airspace, and the waters off the Gaza Strip's coast.In the Palestinian legislative elections on 25 January 2006, Hamas emerged victorious and nominated Ismail Haniyeh as the Authority's Prime Minister. However, the national unity Palestinian government effectively collapsed, when a violent conflict between Hamas and Fatah erupted, mainly in the Gaza Strip. After the Gaza Strip was taken over by Hamas on 14 June 2007, the Authority's Chairman Mahmoud Abbas dismissed the Hamas-led unity government and appointed Salam Fayyad as Prime Minister, dismissing Haniyeh. The move wasn't recognized by Hamas, thus resulting in two separate administrations \u2013 the Fatah-led Palestinian Authority in the West Bank and a rival Hamas government in the Gaza Strip. The reconciliation process to unite the Palestinian governments achieved some progress over the years, but had failed to produce a re-unification.\nThe PA received financial assistance from the European Union and the United States (approximately US$1 billion combined in 2005). All direct aid was suspended on 7 April 2006, as a result of the Hamas victory in parliamentary elections. Shortly thereafter, aid payments resumed, but were channeled directly to the offices of Mahmoud Abbas in the West Bank. Since 9 January 2009, when Mahmoud Abbas' term as president was supposed to have ended and elections were to have been called, Hamas supporters and many in the Gaza Strip have withdrawn recognition for his presidency and instead consider Aziz Dweik, the speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council, to be the acting president until new elections can be held.In November 2012, the United Nations voted to recognize the State of Palestine as a non-member UN observer state.", "Q192821": "The French Communist Party (French: Parti communiste fran\u00e7ais, PCF ; French pronunciation: \u200b[pa\u0281ti k\u0254mynist f\u0281\u0251\u0303s\u025b]) is a communist party in France.\nAlthough its electoral support has declined in recent decades, the PCF retains a strong influence in French politics, especially at the local level. In 2012, the PCF claimed 138,000 members including 70,000 who have paid their membership fees. This would make it the third largest party in France in terms of membership after the Republicans (LR) and the Socialist Party (PS).\nFounded in 1920 by the majority faction of the socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), it participated in three governments:\n\nin the provisional government of the Liberation (1944\u20131947);\nat the beginning of Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand's presidency (1981\u20131984); and\nin the Plural Left cabinet led by Lionel Jospin (1997\u20132002).It was also the largest party on the left in France in a number of national elections, from 1945 to 1960, before falling behind the Socialist Party in the 1970s. The PCF has lost further ground to the Socialists since that time.\nSince 2009 the PCF has been a leading member of the Left Front (Front de gauche), alongside Jean-Luc M\u00e9lenchon's Left Party (PG). During the 2017 presidential election, the PCF supported M\u00e9lenchon's candidature; however, tensions between the PCF and M\u00e9lenchon's movement, La France insoumise, have led the two movements to campaign separately for the general elections.The PCF is a member of the Party of the European Left, and its MEPs sit in the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left group.", "Q74392": "Georg Thym (c.1520, Zwickau - 21 December 1560, Wittenberg) was a German teacher, poet and writer.", "Q626113": "Cho Yang-ho (Korean: \uc870\uc591\ud638; sometimes written Y. H. Cho; 8 March 1949 \u2013 7 April 2019) was a South Korean businessman who was the chairman and chief executive officer of Korean Air, chairman of the Hanjin Group, and a founding member of SkyTeam alliance.", "Q4772827": "Anthony James Barr (born September 24, 1940), aka Tony Barr or Jim Barr, is an American programming language designer, software engineer and inventor. Among his notable contributions are the Statistical Analysis System (SAS), automated lumber yield optimization, and the Automated Classification of Medical Entities (ACME).\n\n", "Q244207": "Campione d'Italia (Comasco: Campi\u00f9n, pronounced [k\u00e3\u02c8p(j)\u0169\u02d0]) is a comune of the Province of Como in the Lombardy region of Italy and an exclave surrounded by the Swiss canton of Ticino. At its closest, the exclave is less than one kilometre (0.6 mi) from the rest of Italy, but the intervening mountainous terrain requires a journey by road of over 14 km (9 mi) to reach the nearest Italian town, Lanzo d'Intelvi, and over 28 km (17 mi) to reach the city of Como.", "Q290730": "Getting Even with Dad is a 1994 American comedy film starring Macaulay Culkin and Ted Danson.", "Q232391": "Natalia Sergeevna Goncharova (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430, IPA: [n\u0250\u02c8tal\u02b2j\u0259 s\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8\u0261\u02b2ej\u026avn\u0259 \u0261\u0259n\u02b2t\u0255\u026a\u02c8rov\u0259]; June 21 Old Style, 1881 \u2013 October 17, 1962) was a Russian avant-garde artist, painter, costume designer, writer, illustrator, and set designer. Goncharova's lifelong partner was fellow Russian avant-garde artist Mikhail Larionov. She was a founding member of both the Jack of Diamonds (1909\u20131911), Moscow's first radical independent exhibiting group, the more radical Donkey's Tail (1912\u20131913), and with Larionov invented Rayonism (1912\u20131914). She was also a member of the Germany-based art movement Der Blaue Reiter. Born in Russia, she moved to Paris in 1921 and lived there until her death.\nHer painting vastly influenced the avant-garde in Russia. Her exhibition held in Moscow and St. Petersburg (1913 and 1914) were the first promoting a \u201cnew\u201d artist by an independent gallery. When it came to the pre-revolutionary period in Russia, where decorative painting and icons were a secure profession, her modern approach to rendering icons were both transgressive and problematic. Her work is usually considered too culturally specific to her Slavic heritage to be universally figured as avant-garde.", "Q171562": "Frederick \"Rikky\" von Opel (born October 14, 1947) is a former racing driver from Liechtenstein, the only driver from that nation to have competed in the Formula One World Championship. He won the Lombard North British Formula 3 Championship in 1972. He participated in 14 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix for the Ensign and Brabham teams, debuting on July 1, 1973. He scored no championship points.\nHe is the son of Fritz von Opel and a great-grandson of Adam Opel, the founder of the German car-maker Opel, today a subsidiary of Groupe PSA.", "Q212041": "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (also known simply as Sweeney Todd) is a 2007 musical period slasher film directed by Tim Burton and an adaptation of Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler's Tony Award-winning 1979 musical of the same name. The film re-tells the Victorian melodramatic tale of Sweeney Todd, an English barber and serial killer who murders his customers with a straight razor and, with the help of his accomplice, Mrs. Lovett, processes their corpses into meat pies. The film stars Johnny Depp as the title character and Helena Bonham Carter as Mrs. Lovett.\nHaving been struck by the cinematic qualities of Sondheim's musical while still a student, Burton had entertained the notion of a film version since the early 1980s. However, it was not until 2006 that he had the opportunity to realize this ambition, when DreamWorks announced his appointment as replacement for director Sam Mendes, who had been working on such an adaptation. Sondheim, although not directly involved, was extensively consulted during production and especially as the composer of the film instead of Danny Elfman. Depp, not known for his singing, took lessons in preparation for his role, which producer Richard D. Zanuck acknowledged was something of a gamble.\nSweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street was released in the United States on December 21, 2007 and in the United Kingdom on January 25, 2008. Grossing over $150 million worldwide, the film received acclaim from critics, who praised the performances of Depp, Carter and Rickman, musical numbers, costume design and faithfulness to the 1979 musical. The film was chosen by National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2007 and won numerous awards, including Golden Globes for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy and Best Actor \u2013 Musical or Comedy, as well as the Academy Award for Best Art Direction. Bonham Carter was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, and Depp received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. Although it was not an outstanding financial success in North America, it performed well worldwide, and produced a soundtrack album and DVD releases.", "Q44537": "William Jason \"Jay\" Reso (born November 30, 1973) is a Canadian actor and retired professional wrestler, best known for his time with WWE under the ring name Christian, a shortened version of his original ring name Christian Cage that was also used during his tenure in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). Reso was trained by Ron Hutchison and Dory Funk Jr. and made his professional wrestling debut in June 1995.\nReso wrestled in Canadian independent promotions early in his career, where he frequently competed in singles and tag team competition with longtime best friend Adam Copeland. In 1998, Reso signed a developmental deal with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and was rebranded as the storyline brother of Edge, Copeland's WWF persona. Reso made his debut the following year and immediately captured his first title in the company, the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship. Edge and Christian gained notoriety as a tag team for their participation in Tables, Ladders and Chairs matches and winning the WWF Tag Team Championship on seven different occasions. The team parted ways in 2001, after which Reso held various singles titles, including the European Championship, the Hardcore Championship, and the Intercontinental Championship.\nIn November 2005, Reso signed with TNA under his Christian Cage ring name, where he won the NWA World Heavyweight Championship twice. Reso left TNA in late 2008 and re-signed with WWE, where he won the ECW Championship and the World Heavyweight Championship twice each. He is the twenty-third Triple Crown Champion and the eleventh Grand Slam Champion in WWE history.", "Q297739": "Arnold Vosloo (born 16 June 1962) is a South African-American actor. He is known for his roles as Imhotep in The Mummy and The Mummy Returns, Colonel Coetzee in Blood Diamond, Pik van Cleef in Hard Target, Dr. Peyton Westlake / Darkman in Darkman II and Darkman III, Zartan in G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra and its sequel, and terrorist Habib Marwan during the fourth season of 24.", "Q212727": "Richard Russell Riordan Jr. (; born June 5, 1964) is an American author. He is known for writing the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series, about a twelve-year-old Percy Jackson who discovers he is a son of Greek God Poseidon. Riordan's books have been translated into forty-two languages and sold more than thirty million copies in the US. 20th Century Fox has adapted the first two books of his Percy Jackson series as part of a series of films. His books have spawned related media, such as graphic novels and short story collections.\nRiordan's first full-length novel was Big Red Tequila, which became the first book in the Tres Navarre series. His big breakthrough was The Lightning Thief (2005), the first novel in the five-volume Percy Jackson series, which placed a group of adolescents in a Greco-Roman mythological setting. Since then, Riordan has written The Kane Chronicles trilogy and The Heroes of Olympus series. The Kane Chronicles (2010-2012) focused on Egyptian mythology; The Heroes of Olympus was the sequel to the Percy Jackson series. Riordan also helped Scholastic Press develop The 39 Clues series and its spinoffs, and penned its first book, The Maze of Bones (2008). His most recent publications are three books in the Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard series, based on Norse mythology. The first book of his The Trials of Apollo series, The Hidden Oracle, was released in May 2016.", "Q75932": "Robert Christian Barthold Av\u00e9-Lallemant (July 25, 1812 \u2013 October 10, 1884) was a German physician and explorer who was a native of L\u00fcbeck. He was a brother to criminologist Friedrich Christian Benedict Av\u00e9-Lallemant (1809\u20131892) and music critic Theodor Av\u00e9-Lallemant (1806\u20131890).\nHe earned his medical doctorate from the University of Kiel, and in 1836 relocated to Brazil, where he subsequently became director of a sanatorium for yellow fever patients in Rio de Janeiro. In 1855 he returned to Germany, and enlisted as ship's doctor for the Austrian Novara expedition with a special recommendation from Alexander von Humboldt. After the SMS Novara had crossed the Atlantic Ocean to South America in 1857, Av\u00e9-Lallemant disembarked in Rio de Janeiro, leaving the expedition. Here he found work as a physician at the Fremdenhospital, but soon afterwards began scientific exploration of the country's interior. During his second time in Brazil. he spent approximately two years performing extensive exploration of the country, having the support of Emperor Pedro II.\nIn 1859 he returned to L\u00fcbeck, where he practiced medicine and became the author of numerous books. He published several books on his experiences in Brazil, including two major works; Reise durch S\u00fcd-Brasilien im Jahre 1858 (Journey through Southern Brazil in 1858) and Reise durch Nord-Brasilien im Jahre 1859 (Journey through Northern Brazil in 1859). In 1882 he published a book on the life of 17th century polymath Joachim Jungius, titled Das Leben des Dr. med. Joachim Jungius 1587-1657.", "Q275964": "Mariska Magdolna Hargitay (born January 23, 1964) is an American actress best known for her role as New York Police Department Captain Olivia Benson on the NBC drama series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. Hargitay has starred on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit since 1999. For her role on the show, Hargitay has received multiple awards and nominations, including a Primetime Emmy and a Golden Globe.\nThe daughter of bodybuilder and actor Mickey Hargitay and actress Jayne Mansfield, Hargitay made her film debut in the 1985 horror comedy film Ghoulies and her major television debut in the 1986 adventure drama series Downtown. She appeared in numerous roles in film and on television throughout the late 1980s and 1990s before being cast on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. Hargitay\u2019s work on that show led her to found the Joyful Heart Foundation, an organization that provides support to people who have been sexually abused.", "Q12771": "The canton of Vaud ( VOH, French: [vo]; German: Waadt, pronounced [vat] (listen) or [va\u02d0t]) is the third largest of the Swiss cantons by population and fourth by size. It is located in Romandy, the French-speaking western part of the country; and borders the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel to the north, the cantons of Fribourg and Bern to the east, Valais and Lake Geneva to the south, the canton of Geneva to the south-west and France (Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes and Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9) to the west.\nThe capital and biggest city is Lausanne, officially designated \"Olympic Capital\" by the International Olympic Committee and hosts many international sports organizations. Other main cities are Yverdon-les-Bains and Montreux. As of 2018 the canton has a population of 799,145.", "Q107392": "T\u00f8nsberg [\u02c8t\u0153\u0302nsb\u00e6r(\u0261)] (listen), historically Tunsberg, is a city and municipality in Vestfold in Vestfold og Telemark county, southern Norway, located around 102 kilometres (63 miles) south-southwest of Oslo on the western coast of the Oslofjord near its mouth onto the Skagerrak. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of T\u00f8nsberg. The municipality has a population of 41,239 and covers an area of 107 square kilometres (41 square miles).\nT\u00f8nsberg is generally regarded as the oldest city in Norway, founded by Vikings in the 9th century. T\u00f8nsberg was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipality of Sem was merged into the municipality of T\u00f8nsberg on 1 January 1988. The neighboring municipality of Re was merged into T\u00f8nsberg on 1 January 2020.It is home to T\u00f8nsberg Fortress on Castle Mountain, which includes ruins from Castrum Tunsbergis, Norway's largest castle in the 13th century. An outdoor music festival is held at T\u00f8nsberg Fortress every July. T\u00f8nsberg is also home of Oseberg Mound, where the 9th-century Oseberg Ship was excavated.", "Q235398": "Mar\u00eda Luisa Paredes Bartolom\u00e9 (born 3 April 1946 in Madrid), known professionally as Marisa Paredes, is a Spanish actress.", "Q1443244": "Frank Ferera (June 12, 1885 - June 26, 1951) was a Hawaiian musician who recorded successfully between 1915 and 1930. He was the first star of Hawaiian music and influenced many later artists.\n\n", "Q43258": "Enrique Gonz\u00e1lez Mart\u00ednez (April 13, 1871 in Guadalajara, Jalisco \u2013 February 19, 1952 in Mexico City) was a Mexican poet, diplomat, surgeon and obstetrician. His poetry is considered to be primarily Modernist in nature, with elements of French symbolism.", "Q1538184": "The Liberal-Conservative Party (French: le Parti lib\u00e9ral-conservateur) was the formal name of the Conservative Party of Canada until 1873, and again from 1922 to 1938, although some Conservative candidates continued to run under the label as late as the 1911 election and others ran as simple Conservatives before 1873. In many of Canada's early elections, there were both \"Liberal-Conservative\" and \"Conservative\" candidates; however, these were simply different labels used by candidates of the same party. Both were part of Sir John A. Macdonald's government and official Conservative and Liberal-Conservative candidates would not, generally, run against each other. It was also common for a candidate to run on one label in one election and the other in a subsequent election.The roots of the name are in the coalition of 1853 in which moderate Reformers and Conservatives from Canada West joined with bleus from Canada East under the dual premiership of Sir Allan MacNab and A.-N. Morin. The new ministry committed to secularizing Clergy reserves in Canada West and abolishing seigneurial tenure in Canada East. Over time, the Liberal-Conservatives evolved into the Conservative party and their opponents, the Clear Grits and the Parti rouge evolved into the Liberal Party of Canada. On October 12, 1916, the last Liberal-Conservative cabinet minister, Sam Hughes, was dismissed, making the executive all officially Conservative Party members.\nProminent Liberal-Conservative Members of Parliament and Senators in Canadian history include:\n\nSir John A. Macdonald\nSir George-\u00c9tienne Cartier\nSir Alexander Tilloch Galt\nJohn Carling\nSir John Rose\nThomas D'Arcy McGee\nJoseph Howe\nSir Samuel Leonard Tilley\nSir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott\nJohn Henry Pope\nJoseph-Aldric Ouimet (Liberal-Conservative MP 1873\u20131896, ran as Conservative and defeated in 1908)\nSir John Sparrow David Thompson\nSir Samuel Hughes\nSir Hugh John Macdonald\nArchibald Woodbury McLelan (Liberal-Conservative Senator, resigned and elected to the House of Commons as a Conservative after 1881)\nJoseph God\u00e9ric Blanchet (Liberal-Conservative from 1867\u20131875, Conservative 1875\u20131878, Liberal-Conservative 1878\u20131883)\nJohn Costigan (Liberal-Conservative 1867\u20131900, crossed the floor to join the Liberals in 1901)The party resumed formally referring to itself as Liberal-Conservative from 1922 until 1938 when it officially became the National Conservative Party, however, it was commonly referred to as the Conservative Party throughout this period.", "Q382320": "Home Alone 3 is a 1997 American family comedy film written and produced by John Hughes. It is the third film in the Home Alone series and the first not to feature actor Macaulay Culkin and the cast from the previous films, nor director Chris Columbus and composer John Williams. The film is directed by Raja Gosnell (in his directorial debut), who served as the editor of both original films. It stars Alex D. Linz as Alex Pruitt, an 8-year-old child prodigy who defends his home from a dangerous band of criminals who work for a North Korean terrorist organization.\nThe film was followed by a made-for-television sequel, Home Alone 4: Taking Back the House, in 2002.", "Q234086": "Linda Ann Gray (born September 12, 1940) is an American film, stage and television actress, director, producer and former model, best known for her role as Sue Ellen Ewing, the long-suffering wife of Larry Hagman's character J.R. on the CBS television drama series Dallas (1978\u20131989), for which she was nominated for the 1981 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. The role also earned her two Golden Globe Award nominations.\nGray began her career in the 1960s in television commercials. In the 1970s, she appeared in numerous TV series before landing the role of Sue Ellen Ewing in 1978. After leaving Dallas in 1989, she appeared opposite Sylvester Stallone in the 1991 film Oscar. From 1994 to 1995, she played a leading role in the Fox drama series Models Inc., and also starred in TV movies, including Moment of Truth: Why My Daughter? (1993) and Accidental Meeting (1994). She went on to reprise the role of Sue Ellen in Dallas: J.R. Returns (1996), Dallas: War of the Ewings (1998), and in the TNT series Dallas (2012\u20132014), which continued the original series.\nOn stage, Gray starred as Mrs. Robinson in The Graduate in the West End of London in 2001, then on Broadway the following year. In 2007, she starred as Aurora Greenaway in the world premiere production of Terms of Endearment at the Theatre Royal, York and stayed with the production when it toured the United Kingdom. After the second Dallas was cancelled in 2014, Gray again took to the stage, this time in the role of the Fairy Godmother in a London production of Cinderella.", "Q264869": "Let Me In is a 2010 American-British romantic horror film written and directed by Matt Reeves and starring Kodi Smit-McPhee, Chlo\u00eb Grace Moretz, Elias Koteas, and Richard Jenkins. It is a remake of the 2008 Swedish film Let the Right One In. The film tells the story of a bullied 12-year-old boy who develops a friendship with a female child vampire in Los Alamos, New Mexico, during the early 1980s.\nInterest in producing an English-language version of Let the Right One In began in 2007 shortly before it was released to audiences. In 2008, Hammer Films acquired the rights for the English adaptation and initially offered Tomas Alfredson, the director of the Swedish film, the opportunity to direct, which he declined. Reeves was then signed to direct and write the screenplay. Reeves made several changes for the English version such as altering the setting from Stockholm to New Mexico and renaming the lead characters. The film's producers stated that their intent was to keep the plot similar to the original, yet make it more accessible to a wider audience. Principal photography began in early November 2009, and concluded in January 2010. The film's budget was estimated to be $20 million.\nLet Me In premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 13, 2010, and was released in North America on October 1, 2010. The film was placed on several critics' top ten list. Many critics noted it as a rare Hollywood remake which stayed true to the original, while others criticized it for being too derivative of the Swedish film. The film earned $24 million in box office revenue worldwide, of which $12 million was earned in the United States and Canada. Moretz won several awards for her performance with critics praising the on-screen chemistry with her co-star, Smit-McPhee. Let Me In was released on DVD and Blu-ray in North America on February 1, 2011, and in the UK on March 14, 2011. An official comic book miniseries prequel titled Let Me In: Crossroads was released after the film which establishes the back-story of Abby and ends where the theatrical film begins.", "Q2903961": "Binnya Dhammaraza (Mon: \u1017\u100a\u102c \u1013\u1019\u1039\u1019\u101b\u102c\u1007\u102c, Burmese: \u1017\u100a\u102c\u1038 \u1013\u1019\u1039\u1019\u101b\u102c\u1007\u102c, Burmese pronunciation: [b\u0259\u0272\u00e1 d\u0259ma\u0330j\u00e0z\u00e0]; also spelled Banya Dhamma Yaza; 1393\u20131424) was king of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1421 to 1424. His short reign was marked by rebellions by his half-brothers Binnya Ran and Binnya Kyan; renewed invasions by the Ava Kingdom; and various court intrigues. He never had any real control beyond the capital Pegu (Bago), and was poisoned by one of his queens in 1424. He was succeeded by Binnya Ran.", "Q242110": "Ay\u1ecd (born as Joy Olasunmibo Ogunmakin, 14 September 1980) is a Nigerian-German singer-songwriter and actress. She uses the Yoruba translation Ay\u1ecd or Ayo. of her first name Joy.\nHer debut album Joyful, which was first released in 2006, reached Double-Platinum status in France, Platinum in Germany and Poland, Gold status in Switzerland and Italy and Greece. The album was released in the United States on 20 November 2007 by Interscope Records.\nAy\u1ecd was born in Frechen near Cologne, Germany. She has a son, Nile, who was born in late 2005 and a daughter, Billie-Eve, born July 2010, with the Sierra Leonian-German reggae singer Patrice, from whom she is now separated. In March 2017 her third child, Jimi-Julius, was born. At the end of 2007, she moved with her family to the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan in New York City. At present she lives in Brooklyn, New York with her children.\nThen-president of UNICEF France, Jacques Hintzy, announced on 4 February 2009 that the singer was named patron of UNICEF to promote the right to education for all children in the world.The French production company MK2 produced the film Ayo Joy, a 90-minute documentary about the singer and her life, in 2009. The film was directed by Rapha\u00ebl Duroy.", "Q213439": "The University of Virginia (U.Va. or UVA) is a public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. It was founded in 1819 by Declaration of Independence author Thomas Jefferson. It is the flagship university of Virginia and home to Jefferson's Academical Village, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. UVA is known for its historic foundations, student-run honor code and secret societies.\nThe original governing Board of Visitors included Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. Monroe was the sitting President of the United States at the time of its foundation and earlier Presidents Jefferson and Madison were UVA's first two rectors. Jefferson conceived and designed the original courses of study and original architecture. UVA was the first university of the American South elected to the research-driven Association of American Universities in 1904. More than a century later, the journal Science credited UVA faculty with two of the top ten global scientific breakthroughs of 2015.The University of Virginia offers 121 majors across the eight undergraduate and three professional schools. Its alumni have founded many companies, such as Reddit and CNET, which together produce more than $1.6 trillion in annual revenue and have created 2.3 million jobs. It sits on a historic 1,135-acre (1.8 sq mi; 459.3 ha) central campus partially protected by UNESCO. The university additionally maintains 562 acres north of the campus at UVA Research Park, and 2,913 acres southeast of the city at Morven Farm. Moreover, it manages the College at Wise in Southwest Virginia and until 1972 managed George Mason University and the University of Mary Washington in Northern Virginia.\nVirginia student athletes are called Cavaliers and lead the Atlantic Coast Conference in men's team NCAA Championships with 20, ranking third in women's and second in overall NCAA titles. Virginia men's basketball and Virginia men's lacrosse won NCAA Championships in 2019 to join several Cavalier teams in winning recent national championship events including the College Cup, College World Series, and NCAA Tennis Championships. The entire men's program won the Capital One Cup in 2015 and 2019 after leading the nation in overall athletics excellence. Virginia is one of three universities to win the Cup multiple times.", "Q1050971": "Catherine Gayer (born February 11, 1937) is an American coloratura soprano, violinist, musicologist, and academic voice teacher. She made a career in Germany. A member of the Deutsche Oper Berlin for more than four decades, she is known for her performance in premieres of contemporary operas, such as Luigi Nono's Intolleranza 1960 at La Fenice in Venice, the title role in Aribert Reimann's Melusine at the Schwetzingen Festival, and Josef Tal's Die Versuchung at the Bavarian State Opera.\n\n", "Q7357496": "Rodven Records was a Venezuelan record label that belonged to the Cisneros family owned ODC Group, then proprietors of one of the largest TV networks in the country, Venevision. They also owned a nationwide AM radio network (RadioVision, which later expanded into the FM realm as FM Center) and a record stores chain (DiscoCenter), thus serving as a channel for those artists who belonged to the roster of either of those companies (mostly signed to Venevision).", "Q314424": "Mark Wayne Salling (; August 17, 1982 \u2013 January 30, 2018) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Noah \"Puck\" Puckerman on the television series Glee.Salling studied at the Los Angeles College of Music before working as a guitar teacher. He also worked as an occasional actor, appearing in Children of the Corn IV: The Gathering (1996) and The Graveyard (2006) before gaining a recurring role in Glee in 2008. Initially a regular character, from the fifth season he was reduced to a recurring guest star role. On the show, he soloed and dueted on cover versions of various songs. Pursuing a music career, he established his own label, Pipe Dreams Records, in partnership with Fontana Distribution. On this label he released an album, Pipe Dreams, in 2010.\nIn January 2013, Salling was accused of sexual battery, but settled with his accuser out of court. In December 2015, he was arrested and charged with possession of child pornography. Salling faced between four and seven years' imprisonment after pleading guilty, but he died by suicide prior to his sentencing.", "Q92617": "Paul Baran (born Pesach Baran ; April 29, 1926 \u2013 March 26, 2011) was a Polish-American engineer who was a pioneer in the development of computer networks. He was one of the two independent inventors of packet switching, which is today the dominant basis for data communications in computer networks worldwide, and went on to start several companies and develop other technologies that are an essential part of modern digital communication.\n\n", "Q577482": "Cerro Solo is a large stratovolcano on the border between Argentina and Chile, west of Ojos del Salado. It consists of nine eruptive centers and is covered in light-colored rhyodacite pyroclastic flow deposits.", "Q1117390": "Stockard Channing (born Susan Williams Antonia Stockard; February 13, 1944) is an American actress. She is known for playing Betty Rizzo in the film Grease (1978) and First Lady Abbey Bartlet on the NBC television series The West Wing (1999\u20132006). She is also known for originating the role of Ouisa Kittredge in the stage and film versions of Six Degrees of Separation, for which she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play and the Academy Award for Best Actress.\nA 13-time Primetime Emmy Award nominee and seven-time Tony Award nominee, she won the 1985 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the Broadway revival of A Day in the Death of Joe Egg, and won Emmy Awards for The West Wing and The Matthew Shepard Story, both in 2002. She won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2004 for her role in Jack. Her film appearances include The Fortune (1975), The Big Bus (1976), The Cheap Detective (1978), Heartburn (1986), Up Close & Personal (1996), Practical Magic (1998), and Woody Allen's Anything Else (2003). She also played the recurring role of Veronica Loy on the CBS drama The Good Wife (2012\u201316).", "Q2337": "Smolensk (Russian: \u0421\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a, IPA: [sm\u0250\u02c8l\u02b2ensk] (listen)) is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, 360 kilometers (220 mi) west-southwest of Moscow.\nThe walled city in the center of Smolensk (along with the outskirts) was destroyed several times throughout its long history because it was on the invasion routes of the Mongol Empire, Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, Tsardom of Russia, First French Empire and Nazi Germany. Today, Smolensk is noted for its electronics, textiles, food processing, and diamond faceting industries.", "Q443055": "Sebastian Charles Faulks, (born 20 April 1953) is an English novelist, journalist and broadcaster. He is best known for his historical novels set in France \u2013 The Girl at the Lion d'Or, Birdsong and Charlotte Gray. He has also published novels with a contemporary setting, most recently A Week in December (2009) and Paris Echo, (2018) and a James Bond continuation novel, Devil May Care (2008), as well as a continuation of P.G. Wodehouse's Jeeves series, Jeeves and the Wedding Bells (2013). He was a team captain on BBC Radio 4 literary quiz The Write Stuff.\n\n", "Q95178": "Ingrid van Bergen (born 15 June 1931) is a German film actress. She has appeared in 100 films since 1954. She was born in Free City of Danzig, today Gda\u0144sk, Poland.", "Q548672": "Luigi Federico Menabrea (4 September 1809 \u2013 24 May 1896), later made 1st Count Menabrea and 1st Marquess of Valdora, was an Italian general, statesman and mathematician who served as the Prime Minister of Italy from 1867 to 1869.", "Q105585": "Paul Baender, also known in Spanish as Pablo Baender (30 November 1906 \u2013 18 December 1985), was a German\u2013Bolivian chess player and functionary.\nBorn in Rosdzin, now part of Katowice, Upper Silesia, he moved to G\u00f6rlitz in 1921. When Nazis came to power in 1933, Baender, being a Jew, fled to Prague, Czechoslovakia. In November 1937, he emigrated to La Paz, Bolivia. Baender played for Bolivia in the 8th Chess Olympiad at Buenos Aires 1939.After World War II, he came back to Germany (Soviet occupation zone) in 1947. He became a communist politician (Staatssekret\u00e4r in 1950-1952) in German Democratic Republic, and also the President of the GDR Chess Federation (Pr\u00e4sident des Deutschen Schachbunds) until 1953. Baender was arrested on 15 December 1952 during a stalinist purge with antisemitic ressentiments. After Nikita Khrushchev's secret speech to the delegates to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Moscow, he was freed in 1956. Baender died in 1985 in Berlin.", "Q3118802": "Robert Morris Sapolsky (born April 6, 1957) is an American neuroendocrinologist and author. He is currently a professor of biology, and professor of neurology and neurological sciences and, by courtesy, neurosurgery, at Stanford University. In addition, he is a research associate at the National Museums of Kenya.", "Q51884": "John of Damascus (Greek: \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u0394\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, romanized: Io\u00e1nn\u0113s ho Damask\u0113n\u00f3s, IPA: [io\u02c8anis o \u00f0amasci\u02c8nos]; Latin: Ioannes Damascenus; Arabic: \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u200e, romanized: Y\u016b\u1e25ann\u0101 ad-Dimashq\u012b), also known as John Damascene and as \u03a7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1\u03c2 / Chrysorrhoas (literally \"streaming with gold\"\u2014i.e., \"the golden speaker\"), was a Byzantine monk and priest. Born and raised in Damascus c. 675 or 676, he died at his monastery, Mar Saba, near Jerusalem on 4 December 749.A polymath whose fields of interest and contribution included law, theology, philosophy, and music, he is said by some sources to have served as a Chief Administrator to the Muslim caliph of Damascus before his ordination. He wrote works expounding the Christian faith, and composed hymns which are still used both liturgically in Eastern Christian practice throughout the world as well as in western Lutheranism at Easter. He is one of the Fathers of the Eastern Orthodox Church and is best known for his strong defence of icons. The Catholic Church regards him as a Doctor of the Church, often referred to as the Doctor of the Assumption due to his writings on the Assumption of Mary.The most common source of information for the life of John of Damascus is a work attributed to one John of Jerusalem, identified therein as the Patriarch of Jerusalem. This is an excerpted translation into Greek of an earlier Arabic text. The Arabic original contains a prologue not found in most other translations, and was written by an Arab monk, Michael. Michael explained that he decided to write his biography in 1084 because none was available in his day. However, the main Arabic text seems to have been written by an earlier author sometime between the early 9th and late 10th centuries AD. Written from a hagiographical point of view and prone to exaggeration and some legendary details, it is not the best historical source for his life, but is widely reproduced and considered to contain elements of some value. The hagiographic novel Barlaam and Josaphat, traditionally attributed to John, is in fact a work of the 10th century.", "Q181685": "Sous-lieutenant Nicolas L\u00e9onard Sadi Carnot (French: [ka\u0281no]; 1 June 1796 \u2013 24 August 1832) was a French mechanical engineer in the French Army, military scientist and physicist, often described as the \"father of thermodynamics.\" Like Copernicus, he published only one book, the Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire (Paris, 1824), in which he expressed, at the age of 27 years, the first successful theory of the maximum efficiency of heat engines. In this work he laid the foundations of an entirely new discipline, thermodynamics. Carnot's work attracted little attention during his lifetime, but it was later used by Rudolf Clausius and Lord Kelvin to formalize the second law of thermodynamics and define the concept of entropy.\n\n", "Q876315": "Taos is a town in Taos County in the north-central region of New Mexico in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. It was founded by Nuevo M\u00e9xico Governor Fernando Chac\u00f3n in 1795, to act as fortified plaza and trading outpost for the neighboring Native American Taos Pueblo (the town's namesake) and Hispano communities, including Ranchos de Taos, Ca\u00f1on, Taos Canyon, Ranchitos, El Prado, and Arroyo Seco. The town was incorporated in 1934. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,716.\nTaos is the county seat of Taos County. The English name Taos derives from the native Taos language meaning \"place of red willows\".\nTaos is the principal city of the Taos, NM Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Taos County.\n\n", "Q538395": "Linda Perhacs (born 1943) is an American psychedelic folk singer, who released her first album, Parallelograms, in 1970 to scant notice or sales. The album was rediscovered by record enthusiasts and reissued numerous times beginning in 1998, growing in popularity with the rise of the New Weird America movement and the Internet. In 2014, she released a second album titled The Soul of All Natural Things.", "Q322196": "Cypress Hill is an American hip hop group from South Gate, California. Cypress Hill was the first Latino American hip hop recording group to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and platinum and multi-platinum albums, selling over 20 million albums worldwide. They are considered to be among the main progenitors of West Coast rap and hip hop in the early 1990s, being critically acclaimed for their first four albums. The band has also advocated for medical and recreational use of cannabis in the United States.", "Q238864": "Sophie Okonedo (born 11 August 1968) is a British film, theatre and television actress. She began her film career in the British coming-of-age drama Young Soul Rebels (1991) before appearing in Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls (1995) and Stephen Frears's Dirty Pretty Things (2002).\nOkonedo's breakthrough performance came in 2004, when she co-starred in the film Hotel Rwanda as Tatiana Rusesabagina, the wife of Rwandan hotel manager and humanitarian Paul Rusesabagina, portrayed by American actor Don Cheadle. For this role, she became the second black female Briton to receive a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at the 77th Academy Awards in 2005. She later received a Golden Globe Award nomination for the miniseries Tsunami: The Aftermath (2006) and BAFTA TV Award nominations for the drama series Criminal Justice (2009) and the television film Mrs. Mandela (2010). Her other film roles include \u00c6on Flux (2005), Skin (2008), The Secret Life of Bees (2008), and Christopher Robin (2018).\nOn stage, Okonedo starred as Cressida in the 1999 Royal National Theatre production of Troilus and Cressida. She made her Broadway debut in the 2014 revival of A Raisin in the Sun and received a Drama Desk Award nomination for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play and won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her portrayal of Ruth Younger.\nOkonedo was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2010 Birthday Honours, and Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2019 New Year Honours.", "Q27912": "Der Struwwelpeter (\"shock-headed Peter\" or \"Shaggy Peter\") is an 1845 German children's book by Heinrich Hoffmann. It comprises ten illustrated and rhymed stories, mostly about children. Each has a clear moral that demonstrates the disastrous consequences of misbehavior in an exaggerated way. The title of the first story provides the title of the whole book. Der Struwwelpeter is one of the earliest books for children that combines visual and verbal narratives in a book format, and is considered a precursor to comic books.Der Struwwelpeter is known for introducing the character of the Tailor (or Scissorman) to Western literature. Some researchers now see the stories in the book as illustrations of many child mental disorders that we know about today.\n\n", "Q215060": "Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1 June 1744 \u2013 31 October 1811) was a German educational reformer and the founder of the Schnepfenthal institution.", "Q264699": "Richard William Wheaton III (born July 29, 1972) is an American actor, blogger, and writer. He portrayed Wesley Crusher on the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, Gordie Lachance in the film Stand by Me, Joey Trotta in Toy Soldiers and Bennett Hoenicker in Flubber. Wheaton has also appeared in recurring roles as Aqualad in Teen Titans, Cosmic Boy on the Legion of Super Heroes and Mike Morningstar/Darkstar in the Ben 10 universe. He also appeared regularly as a fictionalized version of himself on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory and in the roles of Fawkes on The Guild, Colin Mason on Leverage and Dr. Isaac Parrish on Eureka. Wheaton was also the host and co-creator of the YouTube board game show TableTop.", "Q255444": "Fernando I\u00f3rio Rodrigues (June 23, 1929 in Macei\u00f3 \u2013 March 20, 2010) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate and professor, who served as the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Palmeira dos \u00cdndios, based in Palmeira dos \u00cdndios, from March 1, 1985, until July 12, 2006.\nRodrigues was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1953. He was hospitalized in March 2010 for ten days at Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia de Macei\u00f3 due to heart problems, before his death.", "Q170132": "Can (stylised as CAN) was a German experimental rock band formed in Cologne in 1968 by the core quartet of Holger Czukay (bass, tape editing), Irmin Schmidt (keyboards), Michael Karoli (guitar), and Jaki Liebezeit (drums). The group cycled through several vocalists, most prominently the American-born Malcolm Mooney (1968\u201370) and the Japanese-born Damo Suzuki (1970\u201373), as well as various temporary members.Coming from backgrounds in the avant-garde and jazz, the members of Can blended elements of psychedelic rock, funk, and noise on influential albums such as Tago Mago (1971), Ege Bamyasi (1972) and Future Days (1973). Can also had occasional commercial success, with singles such as \"Spoon\" and \"I Want More\" reaching national singles charts. They have been widely hailed as pioneers of the German krautrock scene, and a considerable influence on subsequent rock, post-punk, ambient, and electronic music.", "Q14328": "Santa Cruz de Tenerife, commonly abbreviated as Santa Cruz (, Spanish: [santa \u02c8k\u027eu\u03b8]), is a major city, capital of the island of Tenerife, Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, and capital (jointly with Las Palmas) of the Canary Islands. Santa Cruz has a population of 206,593 (2013) within its administrative limits. The urban zone of Santa Cruz extends beyond the city limits with a population of 507,306 and 538,000 within urban area. It is the second largest city in the Canary Islands and the main city on the island of Tenerife, with nearly half of the island's population living in or around it.\nSanta Cruz is located in the northeast quadrant of Tenerife, 210 kilometres (130 mi) off the northwestern coast of Africa within the Atlantic Ocean. The distance to the nearest point of mainland Spain is 1,300 kilometres (810 mi). Between the 1833 territorial division of Spain and 1927, Santa Cruz de Tenerife was the sole capital of the Canary Islands, until 1927 when a decree ordered that the capital of the Canary Islands be shared, as it remains at present. The port is of great importance and is the communications hub between Europe, Africa and Americas, with cruise ships arriving from many nations. The city is the focus for domestic and inter-island communications in the Canary Islands.The city is home to the Parliament of the Canary Islands, the Canarian Ministry of the Presidency (shared on a four-year cycle with Las Palmas), one half of the Ministries and Boards of the Canarian Government, (the other half being located in Gran Canaria), the Tenerife Provincial Courts and two courts of the Superior Court of Justice of the Canary Islands. There are several faculties of the La Laguna University in Santa Cruz, including the Fine Arts School and the Naval Sciences Faculty. Its harbour is one of Spain's busiest. It is important for commercial and passenger traffic as well as for being a major stopover for cruisers en route from Europe to the Caribbean. The city also has one of the world's largest carnivals. The Carnival of Santa Cruz de Tenerife now aspires to become a World Heritage Site, and is the second largest in the world.The main landmarks of the city include the Auditorio de Tenerife (Auditorium of Tenerife), the Santa Cruz Towers (Torres de Santa Cruz) and the Iglesia de la Concepci\u00f3n. Santa Cruz de Tenerife hosts the first headquarters of the Center UNESCO in the Canary Islands. In recent years the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife has seen the construction of a significant number of modern structures and the city's skyline is the sixth in height across the country, behind Madrid, Benidorm, Barcelona, Valencia and Bilbao.In 2012, the British newspaper The Guardian included Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the list of the five best places in the world to live, next to the Cihangir district, in Istanbul; the district of Sankt Pauli, in Hamburg, the north coast of Maui, in Hawaii and Portland, in the state of Oregon (United States). The 82% of the municipal territory of Santa Cruz de Tenerife is considered a natural area, this is due in large part to the presence of the Anaga Rural Park. This fact makes Santa Cruz the third largest municipality in Spain with the highest percentage of natural territory, after Cuenca (87%) and C\u00e1ceres (83%). City has a status of global city (in Sufficiency category).", "Q213411": "Cast Away is a 2000 American survival drama film directed and co-produced by Robert Zemeckis and starring Tom Hanks, Helen Hunt, and Nick Searcy. Hanks plays a FedEx employee stranded on an uninhabited island after his plane crashes in the South Pacific and his desperate attempts to survive. The film was released on December 22, 2000. It grossed $429 million worldwide, with Hanks nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role at the 73rd Academy Awards.", "Q1699902": "William Thomson Hay (6 December 1888 \u2013 18 April 1949) was an mid-20th century English comedian who came to notice for his theatrical sketch as a jocular schoolmaster, known as Dr. Muffin. The acts in which Hay performed the schoolmaster sketch became known as \"The Fourth Form at St. Michael's\". Hay toured with the act and appeared in the United States, Canada, Australia and South Africa. He famously performed the schoolmaster routine at the 1925 Royal Command Performance before King George V and Queen Mary.\nFrom 1934 to 1943, he was a prolific film star in Britain and was ranked the third highest grossing star at the British Box Office in 1938, behind George Formby and Gracie Fields. He is widely regarded as one of the most prolific and influential British comedians of all-time.Hay worked with Gainsborough Pictures from 1935 to 1940, during which time he developed a partnership with Graham Moffatt, playing an insolent overweight schoolboy, and Moore Marriott as a toothless old man. Hay's 1937 film, with Moffatt and Marriott, Oh, Mr. Porter! was credited by The Times as being \"a comic masterpiece of the British cinema\", while the writer Jimmy Perry cited the film as an influence on key character development for Dad's Army.Hay often portrayed incompetent authority figures who attempt to conceal their incompetence but whose true traits are gradually exposed. As well as being incompetent, his characters are often immoral; for example, a vicar involved in horse betting in Dandy Dick, a fraudster who lies about his career as a distinguished sea captain in Windbag the Sailor, and a prison warden, Dr Benjamin Twist, in Convict 99, who obtains his job under false pretenses. He is often compared to W. C. Fields, who typically portrayed characters similar to those of Hay, being misanthropic, self-centered scoundrels who nevertheless remain sympathetic.Hay was also an amateur astronomer, and in 1933 gained fame for discovering a Great White Spot on Saturn. He built his own observatory and was a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society.", "Q242138": "Noyabrina Viktorovna Mordyukova (Russian: \u041d\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043d\u0430 (\u041d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430) \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0434\u044e\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430; 25 November 1925 \u2013 6 July 2008) was a Soviet actress and People's Artist of the USSR (1974). She was the star of films like director Denis Yevstigneyev's Mama and Nikita Mikhalkov's 1980s hit Family Relations. The editorial board of the British Who's Who encyclopedia included Nona Mordyukova among the top 20 actresses of the 20th century.\n\n", "Q91336": "Angelika Unterlauf (born 1946 in Gr\u00f6ningen) is a German television journalist. As the spokeswoman of the main GDR television news programme, the Aktuelle Kamera, she was regarded as the \"face of the GDR\" until the German reunification. \n\n", "Q300479": "Adolfo Larrue Mart\u00ednez III (born September 27, 1948), better known as A Martinez, is an American actor and singer with roles in the daytime soap operas Santa Barbara, General Hospital, One Life to Live, The Bold and the Beautiful, and Days of Our Lives, and the primetime dramas L.A. Law, Profiler, and Longmire. His feature films include The Cowboys (1972), Powwow Highway (1989) and Curse of Chucky (2013).\nAs of 2018, Martinez plays Mayo in the television series Queen of the South.", "Q12981": "Yves Camille D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Leterme (Dutch: [\u02c8i\u02d0f l\u0259\u02c8t\u025brm\u0259]; born 6 October 1960 in Wervik) is a Belgian politician, a leader of the Christian Democratic and Flemish party (CD&V). He was the 48th Prime Minister of Belgium, from November 2009 to December 2011.\nLeterme was the Prime Minister of Belgium from March 2008 to December 2008. He has been Minister of Foreign Affairs, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Budget, Institutional Reforms, Transport and the North Sea in the Belgian federal government. He is a former Minister-President of Flanders and Flemish Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries. Despite his French name, Leterme is Flemish. He is fluent in Dutch, French and English.\nOn 14 July 2008, facing the imminent failure to meet a self-imposed deadline to enact \"constitutional reform\" consisting of further devolution of powers to the nation's three linguistic communities, Leterme tendered his resignation to King Albert II. On 17 July, King Albert, after holding a flurry of consultations with leaders of political parties, labour unions, and the employers' association, rejected Leterme's resignation. Instead, the King appointed a three-person commission of representatives of the linguistic communities to investigate how to restart the reform process. The commission was to report to the King by 31 July 2008.On 19 December 2008 he offered his resignation to King Albert II after a crisis surrounding the sale of Fortis to BNP Paribas. On 22 December 2008 the King accepted his resignation, along with that of his entire government. He remained Prime Minister until 30 December, when Herman Van Rompuy was appointed as his successor. On 24 November 2009, it was announced that Leterme would once again become Prime Minister, succeeding Van Rompuy, who had been selected to become the first President of the European Council.On 22 April 2010 he once again offered his resignation to King Albert II after a key Flemish party, the Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats, withdrew its support for the coalition government. An election followed in June, resulting in protracted attempts to negotiate a governing coalition. Leterme remained as caretaker Prime Minister, but on 13 September 2011 announced that he would leave the post by the end of the year to take up the position of Deputy Secretary-General at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. On 6 December 2011 Leterme was finally succeeded as Prime Minister by Elio Di Rupo, ending the longest run of a caretaker government in the developed world. The following day he was appointed to the honorary title of Minister of State.", "Q614189": "Massimiliano Adelmo \"Mass\" Giorgini (born 1968) is an Italian-American bassist and record producer, who rose to fame when several of the bands he produced experienced huge gains in popularity during the pop-punk boom on the mid-\u201890s. Among these bands was Giorgini's own Squirtgun, which received minor MTV rotation and several soundtrack appearances in major films in the 1990s. Mass Giorgini is also the son of renowned Italian artist Aldo Giorgini.", "Q594731": "Delos Wheeler Lovelace (December 2, 1894 \u2013 January 17, 1967) was an American novelist who authored the original novelization of the film King Kong (1933) published in 1932 by Grosset & Dunlap, slightly before the film was released. The story was also serialized in 2 parts in February and March 1933 by Walter Ripperger (credited to Edgar Wallace) for Mystery magazine. Lovelace was a reporter for the New York Daily News and New York Sun in the 1920s.\nHe authored some two dozen books, including a biography of football coach Knute Rockne and one of Dwight D. Eisenhower. He co-authored three books with his wife.\n\n", "Q540206": "Henri Jules Louis Jeanson (6 March 1900 in Paris \u2013 6 November 1970 in \u00c9quemauville) was a French writer and journalist. He was a \"satrap\" in the \"College of 'Pataphysics\".", "Q181875": "Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, (5 February 1788 \u2013 2 July 1850) was a British Conservative statesman who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834\u201335 and 1841\u201346) and twice as Home Secretary (1822\u201327 and 1828\u201330). He is regarded as the father of modern British policing, owing to his founding of the Metropolitan Police Service. Peel was one of the founders of the modern Conservative Party.\nThe son of a wealthy textile-manufacturer and politician, Peel was the first prime minister from an industrial business background. He earned a double first in classics and mathematics from Christ Church, Oxford. He entered the House of Commons in 1809, and became a rising star in the Tory Party. Peel entered the Cabinet as Home Secretary (1822\u20131827), where he reformed and liberalised the criminal law and created the modern police force, leading to a new type of officer known in tribute to him as \"bobbies\" and \"peelers\". After a brief period out of office he returned as Home Secretary under his political mentor the Duke of Wellington (1828\u20131830), also serving as Leader of the House of Commons. Initially a supporter of continued legal discrimination against Catholics, Peel reversed himself and supported the repeal of the Test Act (1828) and the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, claiming that \"though emancipation was a great danger, civil strife was a greater danger\".After being in the Opposition 1830\u201334, he became Prime Minister in November 1834. Peel issued the Tamworth Manifesto (December 1834), laying down the principles upon which the modern British Conservative Party is based. His first ministry was a minority government, dependent on Whig support and with Peel serving as his own Chancellor of the Exchequer. After only four months, his government collapsed and he served as Leader of the Opposition during Melbourne's second government (1835\u20131841). Peel became Prime Minister again after the 1841 general election. His second government ruled for five years. He cut tariffs to stimulate trade, replacing the lost revenue with a 3% income tax. He played a central role in making free trade a reality and set up a modern banking system. His government's major legislation included the Mines and Collieries Act 1842, the Income Tax Act 1842, the Factories Act 1844 and the Railway Regulation Act 1844. Peel's government was weakened by anti-Catholic sentiment following the controversial increase in the Maynooth Grant of 1845. After the outbreak of the Great Irish Famine, his decision to join with Whigs and Radicals to repeal the Corn Laws led to his resignation as Prime Minister in 1846. Peel remained an influential MP and leader of the Peelite faction until his death in 1850.\nPeel often started from a traditional Tory position in opposition to a measure, then reversed his stance and became the leader in supporting liberal legislation. This happened with the Test Act, Catholic Emancipation, the Reform Act, income tax and, most notably, the repeal of the Corn Laws. Historian A. J. P. Taylor wrote: \"Peel was in the first rank of 19th century statesmen. He carried Catholic Emancipation; he repealed the Corn Laws; he created the modern Conservative Party on the ruins of the old Toryism.\"", "Q270834": "Mar\u00eda Casares (21 November 1922 \u2013 22 November 1996) was a Spanish-French actress and one of the most distinguished stars of the French stage and cinema. She was credited in France as Maria Casar\u00e8s.", "Q236861": "Jodie Lee Ann Sweetin (born January 19, 1982) is an American actress and television personality. She is known for her role as Stephanie Tanner in the ABC comedy series Full House and its Netflix spin-off series Fuller House.", "Q5470": "Cheboksary (; Russian: \u0427\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u0440\u044b, tr. Cheboks\u00e1ry, IPA: [t\u0255\u026ab\u0250\u02c8ksar\u0268]; Chuvash: \u0428\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430\u0440, tr. \u0160upa\u0161kar) is the capital city of Chuvashia, Russia and a port on the Volga River. Population: 453,721\u2009(2010 Census); 440,621\u2009(2002 Census); 419,592\u2009(1989 Census).", "Q3262858": "Louis Payette (25 December 1854 \u2013 19 March 1932) was a Canadian construction contractor and politician, the Mayor of Montreal, Quebec between 1908 and 1910.\nPayette was educated at the Acad\u00e9mie des Fr\u00e8res des \u00e9coles chr\u00e9tiennes, focusing on business studies before beginning his career in the construction industry.\nFrom 1902 to 1908, he was a city councillor for the Saint-Louis ward before his two years as Mayor.", "Q487981": "Benidorm (; Valencian: [beni\u02c8\u00f0\u0254\u027em]; Spanish: [beni\u02c8\u00f0o\u027e]) is a city and municipality in the province of Alicante (Valencian Community), on Spain's Mediterranean coast.\nBenidorm has been a tourist destination within Spain since 1925, when its port was extended and the first hotels were built. However, the real \"boom\" of Benidorm as a coastal resort did not happen until the 1950s, when it became a famous summer destination for people coming from inland Spain, especially Madrid. Today it is known for its hotel industry, beaches and skyscrapers and receives as many or even slightly more foreign tourists as Spanish ones. According to the 2014 census, Benidorm has a permanent population of 69,010 inhabitants, making it the fifth most populous town in the Alicante province and the ninth in Valencian Community.\n\n", "Q58136": "David Choquehuanca C\u00e9spedes (born May 7, 1961 in Omasuyos Province) is a Bolivian politician. He served as the Foreign Minister of Bolivia from 23 January 2006 to 23 January 2017. He was designated the Secretary General of the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas (ALBA) in March 2017.", "Q306": "Miguel Juan Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era Echenique (Spanish: [mi\u02c8\u0263el \u02c8xwan se\u03b2as\u02c8tjam pi\u02c8\u0272e\u027ea et\u0283e\u02c8nike] (listen); born 1 December 1949) is the sitting President of Chile since 2018, having previously served from 2010 to 2014.\nThe son of a Christian democratic politician and diplomat, he studied business engineering at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and economics at the Harvard University. He had an estimated net worth of 2.8 billion dollars in 2019 according to Forbes, making him one of the richest people in Chile.A member of the centre-right National Renewal party, he served as a senator for the East Santiago district from 1990 to 1998, running for the presidency in the 2005 election, which he lost to Michelle Bachelet, and again, successfully, in 2010. As a result, he became the first right-wing president to be democratically elected since 1958, and the first to hold the office since the departure of Augusto Pinochet in 1990.\n\n", "Q3001": "Paramaribo (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02ccpa\u02d0ra\u02d0\u02c8ma\u02d0ribo\u02d0]; nicknamed Par'bo) is the capital and largest city of Suriname, located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District. Paramaribo has a population of roughly 241,000 people (2012 census), almost half of Suriname's population. The historic inner city of Paramaribo has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002.", "Q209449": "Prince Daniel, Duke of V\u00e4sterg\u00f6tland (born Olof Daniel Westling on 15 September 1973), is a member of the Swedish royal family. Prior to his marriage to the heir apparent, Crown Princess Victoria, Daniel was a personal trainer and gym owner and ran a company called Balance Training with three gyms in central Stockholm.", "Q777406": "Spider-Man: The New Animated Series (also known as MTV Spider-Man) is an American-Canadian animated television series based on the Marvel comic book superhero character Spider-Man. The show was made using computer generated imagery (CGI) rendered in cel shading. It ran for only one season of 13 episodes, premiering on July 11, 2003, and was broadcast on MTV and YTV. As of October 13, 2018, Viceland picked up the series for syndication, making it the first time the series has been aired on television in fifteen years.", "Q211206": "Stand and Deliver is a 1988 American drama film based on the true story of high school math teacher Jaime Escalante. For portraying Escalante, Edward James Olmos was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 61st Academy Awards. The film was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 2011.", "Q975146": "K\u014dji Hashimoto (\u6a4b\u672c \u5e83\u53f8, Hashimoto K\u014dji, born 1 January 1956), known professionally as K\u014dji Yakusho (\u5f79\u6240 \u5e83\u53f8, Yakusho K\u014dji), is a Japanese actor.", "Q1139723": "Jesse Joseph Quin (born 3 September 1981 in Bedford) is an English multi-instrumentalist, singer, songwriter and producer best known as the bass player of the British pop rock band Keane. Jesse also founded and runs an arts centre on an abandoned U.S. Air Force base in the English countryside called Old Jet.", "Q172043": "Ian Burgess (6 July 1930 \u2013 19 May 2012) was a British racing driver, born in London. He participated in 20 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 19 July 1958, and numerous non-Championship Formula One races. He scored no championship points.", "Q66966": "Balm bei G\u00fcnsberg is a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q4783148": "The Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA) (Banque Arabe pour le D\u00e9veloppement Economique en Afrique) (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627) was established pursuant to the resolution of the 6th Arab Summit Conference at Algiers (28 November 1973). The Bank began operations in March 1975. BADEA is a financial institution owned by eighteen Arab countries members of the League of Arab States (LAS) which signed its Establishing Agreement on 18 February 1974. The Bank is an independent International Institution enjoying full international legal status and complete autonomy in administrative and financial matters. It is governed by the provisions of its Establishing Agreement and the principles of international law.\nHeadquarters\nThe Bank\u2019s Headquarters is located in Khartoum, the capital of the Republic of the Sudan.\nObjectives\nThe Bank was created for the purpose of strengthening economic, financial and technical cooperation between the Arab and African regions and for the embodiment of Arab-African solidarity on foundations of equality and friendship. To achieve this end, the Bank was given a mandate to:\n\nParticipate in financing economic development in African countries.\nStimulate the contribution of Arab capital to African development.\nHelp provide the technical assistance required for the development of Africa.The Seventh Five-Year Plan (2015 \u2013 2019)\nThe Board of Governors has approved in its 39th session, convened in Tunis from 8 to 9 April 2014, the 7th five-Year Plan (2015 \u2013 2019), which will come into force by January 2015. Since 1983 BADEA has pursued its activities through five-year plans relating the available resources to the needs of African recipient countries. It adopted a strategy based on gradual increase in the financial resources earmarked for financing in accordance with expansion of its operations to meet the rising needs of Sub-Saharan African countries, in all spheres especially in terms of food, transport, health, education and human resources development.\nThe allocations for the Seventh Five-Year Plan (2015 -2019), stood at US$1.600 million, representing an increase of US$600 million compared to the Sixth Five-Year Plan (2010 \u2013 2014). The first year of the plan, commitments start at US$250 million and increase annually to reach US$350 million in 2019.\nWithin this plan, US$1100 million will be earmarked for the public sector projects, US$450 million for the private sector projects and US$50 million for the technical assistance operations. Moreover, between US$150 and 250 million will be assigned annually throughout the five years of the plan for financing trade between Arab and African countries.\nLending Operations\nBADEA interventions included various products that have been enhanced and diversified to meet the economic needs of beneficiary countries. They have been steadily promoted to fit the development mechanisms and their conducive atmosphere. These products could be categorized as follows :\n1. Financing development projects: It is the most important product in term of volume. Loans to finance projects are extended in concessionary terms, that some projects are financed with a grant element exceeding 50%.\n2. Financing technical assistance operations: They are extended as grants to finance feasibility studies for development projects and institutional support operations.\n3. Financing Arab exports to African countries: A program launched in 1983.\n4. Promote Arab investments in African countries: BADEA has adopted several methods in this regard.\n5. Debt relief on Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) : 28 countries have benefited from this initiative.\n6. Financing Urgent Aid : A limited activity which was extended to Sahelian countries that faced drought in 1987.\n45 Years of Enhancing Afro-Arab Solidarity and Cooperation (1974-2019)\nPoverty Reduction\nThe most fundamental goal of BADEA in its intervention in all sectors is poverty alleviation. To that end, priority is given to development projects with direct and indirect impact on poverty reduction. Since poverty touches rural population and those living in urban zones, at the margin of cities \"urban poor\", BADEA lending program focuses on infrastructure projects, which help in creating suitable environment for investment, increasing production in agriculture and rural development, enhancing urban and rural infrastructure which is considered as a major factor in investment promotion. In addition to this, reactivation of elements of production, creation of employment to enable the poor segments in the community to increase their income. BADEA has also provided financing to micro, small and medium enterprises through lines of credit.\nEnhancing women role in development\nBADEA recognizes that women play a key role in boasting social development and poverty reduction. Therefore, operations (Project, technical assistance) financed by BADEA focus on women involvement in these activities. The Bank under takes programs that enhance women participation in development, and certain operations are exclusively devoted to women, in rural area and modern sectors of production.\nRegional Operations\nRegional transport is considered as a major pillar in the process of regional integration since it facilitates setting up binds amongst African countries and between Africa and the Arab World. Moreover, this connection has a positive impact on the African continent promotion, by contributing to the expansion of the circle of commercial exchange, facilitating easy circulation of products between African countries as well as transportation inside and outside countries. It will also contribute to the extension of markets, creating regional or continental markets for both goods and services, and therefore achieve development in Africa.\nIn this regard, the total allocations for financing regional operations during the period 1975-2013 amounted to US$537.7 million, directed to finance 66 regional projects, and US$7.69 million to finance 25 technical and economic feasibility studies as grants, some of which produced projects financed by BADEA.\nCoordination and Co-Financing\nBADEA attaches great importance to enhancing coordination with development financial institutions particularly the Arab ones, due to the financial opportunities especially for financing major projects proposed for funding by beneficiary countries. The \"Arab Coordination Group\" also constitutes a platform for the exchange of expertise, coordination of policies and establishment of contact with international development institutions. BADEA contributes in all meetings that regroup regional and international institutions operating in the field of development support in Africa Sub-Saharan countries.\nFuture Visions and Plans\nHaving reviewed the experience of cooperation throughout the past four decades of BADEA\u2019s establishment, we judge useful to bring to light future plans and visions. Taking advantage of its extensive experience, BADEA will try, within the framework of its plans and visions, to strengthen its role in economic and social development through the improvement of its products and expansion of its operations.", "Q251144": "Brian Theodore Tyler (born May 8, 1972) is an American composer, musician, conductor, arranger, and producer, known for his film, television, and video game scores. Tyler scored Transformers: Prime, Eagle Eye, The Expendables trilogy, Iron Man 3, Avengers: Age of Ultron with Danny Elfman, Now You See Me, and Crazy Rich Asians, among others. He also re-arranged the current fanfare of the Universal Pictures logo that was originally composed by the legendary Jerry Goldsmith, the updated Marvel Studios logo, which debuted with Thor: The Dark World (2013), as well as the NFL Theme for ESPN, the Formula One theme and five installments of The Fast and the Furious franchise. For his work as a film composer, he has won the IFMCA Awards 2014 Composer of the Year.\nHis composition for the film Last Call earned him the first of three Emmy nominations, a gold record, and was inducted into the music branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. As of November 2017, his films have grossed $12 billion worldwide which puts him in to the top 10 highest-grossing film composers of all time in the category of worldwide box office. Tyler has scored 3 of the top 10 films of all time in global box office.\n\n", "Q1400427": "Federico Boido (8 January 1938 \u2013 7 October 2014), was an Italian film actor who appeared in many horror films, spaghetti westerns, and sword and sandal movies. He also acted in the Sadistik photo novels and related his experiences in the film The Diabolikal Super-Kriminal.Boido was born in Novi Ligure, and made his film debut at the age of 26. He appeared in over fifty films, including Planet of the Vampires (1965), Danger: Diabolik (1968), Spirits of the Dead (1968), Roy Colt and Winchester Jack (1970), and Superfly TNT (1973). He had roles in numerous Italian westerns, including several appearances in the Sartana series.\nThroughout his film career, he used a variety of screen names, such as Rico Boido, Rich Boyd, Rick Boyd, Rik Boyd, and Ryck Boyd. He died in Ostia, Rome, aged 76.", "Q728664": "The Nuremberg Metropolitan Region comprises 3.5 million people on 21,800 square kilometers. With a gross domestic product of 134 billion euros and about 1.9 million employees, this metropolitan area is one of the strongest economic areas in Germany. The major cities are Nuremberg, F\u00fcrth, Erlangen, Bayreuth and Bamberg.", "Q208031": "For the Biblical location, see: \u00c6nonEnon was an indie rock band founded by John Schmersal, Rick Lee, and Steve Calhoon that was active from 1999 to 2011; however, for most of its history, Enon was a three-piece outfit composed of Schmersal, Toko Yasuda, and Matt Schulz. Though situated for a time in Philadelphia, Enon was known for being part of the New York music scene.", "Q170654": "Pope Callixtus II or Callistus II (c. 1065 \u2013 13 December 1124), born Guy of Burgundy, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1 February 1119 to his death in 1124. His pontificate was shaped by the Investiture Controversy, which he was able to settle through the Concordat of Worms in 1122.\nAs son of Count William I of Burgundy, Guy was a member of and connected to the highest nobility in Europe. He became archbishop of Vienne and served as papal legate to France. He attended the Lateran Synod of 1112. He was elected pope at Cluny in 1119. The following year, prompted by attacks on Jews, he issued the bull Sicut Judaeis which forbade Christians, on pain of excommunication, from forcing Jews to convert, from harming them, from taking their property, from disturbing the celebration of their festivals, and from interfering with their cemeteries. In March 1123, Calixtus II convened the First Lateran Council which passed several disciplinary decrees, such as those against simony and concubinage among the clergy, and violators of the Truce of God.", "Q685684": "Alfonso Bialetti (Italian pronunciation: [al\u02c8f\u0254nso bja\u02c8letti]) (1888\u20131970) was an Italian engineer who became famous for the invention of the Moka Express coffeemaker. Designed in 1933, the coffee pot has been a style icon since the 1950s. While many variations of the Moka have been developed, including the Bialetti cow-printed Mukka Express (which makes cappuccino), the Moka Express is a time-honoured classic. Bialetti was also the founder of Bialetti Industries, the now giant Italian kitchen-ware company.", "Q15988": "Jean (Jean Beno\u00eet Guillaume Robert Antoine Louis Marie Adolphe Marc d'Aviano; 5 January 1921 \u2013 23 April 2019) was the Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 1964 until his abdication in 2000. He was the first Grand Duke of Luxembourg of French agnatic descent.\nJean was the eldest son of Grand Duchess Charlotte and Prince Felix. Jean's primary education was initially in Luxembourg, before attending Ampleforth College in England. In 1938, he was officially named Hereditary Grand Duke as heir to the throne of Luxembourg. While Luxembourg was occupied by Germans during the Second World War, the grand ducal family was abroad in exile. Jean studied at the Universit\u00e9 Laval in Quebec City. Jean later volunteered to join the British army's Irish Guards in 1942, and after graduating from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, received his commission in 1943. He participated in the Normandy landings and the Battle for Caen, and joined the Allied forces in the liberation of Luxembourg. From 1984 until 2000, he was colonel of the Irish Guards.\nOn 9 April 1953, Jean married Princess Jos\u00e9phine Charlotte of Belgium with whom he had five children. On 12 November 1964, Grand Duchess Charlotte abdicated and Jean succeeded her as Grand Duke of Luxembourg. He then reigned for 36 years before he himself abdicated on 7 October 2000 and was succeeded by his son, Grand Duke Henri.", "Q3249363": "Sheikh Abdul Amir al-Jamri ( (listen) AHB-d\u0259l \u0259-MEER al JAHM-ree; Arabic: \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u064a\u200e; 1 March 1938 \u2013 18 December 2006) was one of the most prominent Shia clerics and opposition leaders in Bahrain. He was also a writer and a poet.\nBorn in the village of Bani Jamra, al-Jamri became a Hussaini khatib (Shia preacher) after finishing primary school. At the age of 21, he began his Islamic studies, first in Bahrain and later in the religious institute of Al Najaf, Iraq, where he remained for 11 years. He returned to Bahrain in 1973 and was elected to the newly formed parliament. The parliament was dissolved two years later by the Emir, Isa bin Salman al-Khalifa, after it had rejected the State Security Law. In 1977, al-Jamri was appointed as a judge at the High Religious Court of Bahrain. He held the position until 1988, when he was briefly arrested due to his criticism of the government.\nAl-Jamri is most notable for his role during the 1990s uprising in Bahrain. As the lead figure of the opposition, he succeeded in bringing Islamists, liberals and leftists together against the monarchy. The events began in the form of petitions in 1992 and 1994 calling for restoration of the parliament and reinstatement of the suspended constitution, but led to widespread violence and the death of 40 individuals. Due to his civil rights activity, al-Jamri was imprisoned between April and September 1995, before being arrested again in January 1996 and imprisoned until July 1999, which was followed by a year and a half of house arrest.\nIn January 2001, al-Jamri was released along with other opposition activists. The new emir, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, proposed a reform plan, the National Action Charter of Bahrain, which was accepted by the opposition and later gained widespread popular support. A year later, Hamad issued a new constitution which al-Jamri said fell short of the opposition's demands. Disappointed, al-Jamri soon fell ill, suffering from a series of strokes and eventually dying of multiple organ failure.", "Q214418": "The Bangles are an American pop rock band that formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1981. The band recorded several singles that reached the U.S. Top 10 during the 1980s, including \"Manic Monday\" (1986); \"Walk Like an Egyptian\" (1986); \"Hazy Shade of Winter\" (1987); \"In Your Room\" (1989); and \"Eternal Flame\" (1989).The band's classic line-up consisted of founding members Susanna Hoffs (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), Debbi Peterson (drums and vocals) and Vicki Peterson (lead guitar and vocals), together with Michael Steele (bass and vocals). As of June 2018, the band consisted of Hoffs, Debbi and Vicki Peterson and founding bassist Annette Zilinskas.", "Q319896": "Ze'ev Jabotinsky, MBE (; Hebrew: \u05d6\u05b0\u05d0\u05b5\u05d1 \u05d6\u05b7\u05f3\u05d1\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05d8\u05b4\u05d9\u05e0\u05b0\u05e1\u05b0\u05e7\u05b4\u05d9, Ze'ev Zhabotinski; Yiddish: \u05d6\u05d0\u05d1\u05bf \u05d6\u05e9\u05d0\u05b7\u05d1\u05d0\u05b8\u05d8\u05d9\u05e0\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9\u200e; born Vladimir Yevgenyevich Zhabotinsky, Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0416\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 5 (17) October 1880, Odessa \u2013 3 August 1940, Hunter, New York), was a Russian Jewish Revisionist Zionist leader, author, poet, orator, soldier and founder of the Jewish Self-Defense Organization in Odessa. With Joseph Trumpeldor, he co-founded the Jewish Legion of the British army in World War I. Later he established several Jewish organizations in Palestine, including Betar, Hatzohar, and the Irgun.\nHis influence on Israeli politics is profound: through his closest prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Menachem Begin's administration (1977\u20131983), consolidating the domination of Israeli politics by the right-wing Likud party; and through the administrations (1996\u20131999, 2009\u2013) of Likud's leader (1993\u20131999, 2005\u2013) Benjamin Netanyahu, the son of his former personal secretary and historian, Benzion Netanyahu.", "Q288157": "Alessandra Martines (born 19 September 1963) is an Italian-French dancer and actress.", "Q273483": "\u00c9cole Sp\u00e9ciale des Travaux Publics, du b\u00e2timent et de l'industrie (ESTP Paris), is a French engineering and research graduate school (Grande Ecole) in Paris.", "Q72913": "Helene St\u00f6cker (13 November 1869 in Wuppertal \u2013 24 February 1943 in New York City) was a German feminist, pacifist and gender activist.", "Q98312": "J\u00fcrgen Becker (born August 27, 1959) is a German comedian, kabarett artist, and actor.", "Q456470": "Mercy Lavinia Warren Stratton (n\u00e9e Bump, October 31, 1842 \u2013 November 25, 1919) was an American proportionate dwarf, who was a circus performer and the wife of General Tom Thumb. She was known for her appearance in one silent film, The Lilliputians Courtship (1915).", "Q2895081": "Albert Henri Roux (born 8 October 1935) is a French restaurateur and chef working in Britain. He and his brother Michel operated Le Gavroche, the first restaurant in the UK to gain three Michelin stars. He helped train a series of chefs that went on to win Michelin stars, and his son, Michel Roux, Jr., continues to run Le Gavroche.", "Q44279": "Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 \u2013 3 September 1658) was an English general and statesman who led the Parliament of England's armies against King Charles I during the English Civil War and ruled the British Isles as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658. He acted simultaneously as head of state and head of government of the new republican commonwealth.\nCromwell was born into the middle gentry to a family descended from the sister of Henry VIII's minister Thomas Cromwell. Little is known of the first 40 years of his life, as only four of his personal letters survive along with a summary of a speech that he delivered in 1628. He became an Independent Puritan after undergoing a religious conversion in the 1630s, taking a generally tolerant view towards the many Protestant sects of his period. He was an intensely religious man, a self-styled Puritan Moses, and he fervently believed that God was guiding his victories. He was elected Member of Parliament for Huntingdon in 1628 and for Cambridge in the Short (1640) and Long (1640\u20131649) Parliaments. He entered the English Civil Wars on the side of the \"Roundheads\" or Parliamentarians, nicknamed \"Old Ironsides\". He demonstrated his ability as a commander and was quickly promoted from leading a single cavalry troop to being one of the principal commanders of the New Model Army, playing an important role under General Sir Thomas Fairfax in the defeat of the Royalist (\"Cavalier\") forces.\nCromwell was one of the signatories of King Charles I's death warrant in 1649, and he dominated the short-lived Commonwealth of England as a member of the Rump Parliament (1649\u20131653). He was selected to take command of the English campaign in Ireland in 1649\u20131650. Cromwell's forces defeated the Confederate and Royalist coalition in Ireland and occupied the country, bringing to an end the Irish Confederate Wars. During this period, a series of Penal Laws were passed against Roman Catholics (a significant minority in England and Scotland but the vast majority in Ireland), and a substantial amount of their land was confiscated. Cromwell also led a campaign against the Scottish army between 1650 and 1651.\nOn 20 April 1653, he dismissed the Rump Parliament by force, setting up a short-lived nominated assembly known as Barebone's Parliament before being invited by his fellow leaders to rule as Lord Protector of England (which included Wales at the time), Scotland, and Ireland from 16 December 1653. As a ruler, he executed an aggressive and effective foreign policy. He died from natural causes in 1658 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. The Royalists returned to power along with King Charles II in 1660, and they had his corpse dug up, hung in chains, and beheaded.\nCromwell is one of the most controversial figures in the history of the British Isles, considered a regicidal dictator by historians such as David Sharp, a military dictator by Winston Churchill, and a hero of liberty by John Milton, Thomas Carlyle, and Samuel Rawson Gardiner. His tolerance of Protestant sects did not extend to Catholics; his measures against them in Ireland have been characterised by some as genocidal or near-genocidal, and his record is harshly criticised in Ireland. He was selected as one of the ten greatest Britons of all time in a 2002 BBC poll.", "Q35480": "{{Infobox adult biography\n| name = Ashley Long\n| image = Ashley Long iafd.jpg\n| caption = \n| birth_place = London, England, United Kingdom\n| death_date = \n| death_place = \n| spouse = \n| height = 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m)\n| weight = \n| alias = Ashley, Ashley Britt, Ashley Morgan, Ashleigh, Kimber\n| number_of_films = 358 as a performerincluding compilations(per IAFD)\npeople|British]] former pornographic actress.", "Q3122208": "Guy Wildenstein (born December 19, 1945) is a French businessman, art dealer, and racehorse owner and breeder.\n\n", "Q1164": "Assam (, Assamese: [\u0254x\u0254m] (listen)) is a state in northeastern India, situated south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of 78,438 km2 (30,285 sq mi). The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur to the east; Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram and Bangladesh to the south; and West Bengal to the west via the Siliguri Corridor, a 22 kilometres (14 mi) strip of land that connects the state to the rest of India.\nAssam is known for Assam tea and Assam silk. The state was the first site for oil drilling in Asia. Assam is home to the one-horned Indian rhinoceros, along with the wild water buffalo, pygmy hog, tiger and various species of Asiatic birds, and provides one of the last wild habitats for the Asian elephant. The Assamese economy is aided by wildlife tourism to Kaziranga National Park and Manas National Park, which are World Heritage Sites. Sal tree forests are found in the state which, as a result of abundant rainfall, look green all year round. Assam receives more rainfall than most parts of India; this rain feeds the Brahmaputra River, whose tributaries and oxbow lakes provide the region with a hydro-geomorphic environment.\n\n", "Q328487": "David Danskin (9 January 1863 \u2013 4 August 1948) was a Scottish mechanical engineer and footballer. He was a principal founding member of Dial Square F.C., later renamed Royal Arsenal, the team that are today known as Arsenal.\nBorn in Burntisland, Fife, Danskin grew up in Kirkcaldy. He played as an amateur for Kirkcaldy Wanderers, and among their players were Jack McBean and Peter Connolly, two players who would later join Danskin at Royal Arsenal. In 1885 Danskin moved to London to find work, and took a job at the Dial Square workshop at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich. There he met several football enthusiasts, amongst them Jack Humble and former Nottingham Forest players Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates. Together with Humble, Danskin is generally credited as the driving force behind the formation of a works football team, Dial Square FC.\nDanskin organised a whip-round amongst his fellow enthusiasts and purchased Dial Square's first football, and captained the team in their very first match against Eastern Wanderers on 11 December 1886; Dial Square won 6\u20130. Danskin continued to play for Royal Arsenal, as the club were soon renamed afterwards, for the next two years. However, after an injury incurred in a match against Clapton in January 1889, Danskin elected to step down from the side and only played a few more rare occasions after that.\nArsenal turned professional in 1891, and although Danskin stood for election to the club's committee in 1892, he did not succeed in getting elected. He ended his official association with Arsenal and later became associated with a new works team from the area, Royal Ordnance Factories, which folded in circa 1896. He also officiated as a referee in local matches. He was still fond enough of Arsenal to attend their games, and his son Billy used to sell programmes at their Manor Ground as a child.\n\nHe later started up his own bicycle manufacturing business in Plumstead, before moving to Coventry in 1907 to work for the Standard Motor Company. In his later life he was troubled by ill-health, caused by injuries to his legs in his footballing days, and took early retirement. Nevertheless, he was one of the few founding members of Arsenal to live to see the club's rise to success in the 1930s; he reportedly cheered the side's 1936 FA Cup win from his sickbed, while listening to the radio commentary. After many years of ill-health, he died in a hospice in Warwick in 1948, at the age of 85 and was buried at London Road Cemetery in Coventry.\nIn 2007, to commemorate his role in the club's history, the Arsenal Scotland Supporters Club dedicated a blue plaque to Danskin, near his birthplace in Burntisland.During Arsenal's 125th anniversary celebrations, two of David Danskin's great-grandchildren delivered the match ball for Arsenal's 1\u20130 victory over Everton at Emirates Stadium as Arsenal celebrated another milestone.\nIn April 2019, Arsenal paid to restore Danskin's grave, with club managing director Vinai Venkatesham and coach and former captain Pat Rice joining relatives for a graveside ceremony in his honour.", "Q440206": "Honeysuckle Hero Susan Weeks (born 1 August 1979) is a British actress known for her starring role as Samantha Stewart (later Samantha Wainwright) in the ITV wartime drama series Foyle's War beginning in 2002.", "Q5338172": "Edinburgh College of Art (ECA) is one of eleven Schools in the College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Edinburgh. Tracing its history back to 1760, it provides higher education in art and design, architecture, history of art, and music disciplines for over two thousand students, and is at the forefront of research and research-led teaching in the creative arts, humanities, and creative technologies. ECA comprises five subject areas: School of Art, Reid School of Music, School of Design, School of History of Art, and Edinburgh School of Architecture & Landscape Architecture (ESALA). ECA is mainly located in the Old Town of Edinburgh, overlooking the Grassmarket; the Lauriston Place campus is located in the University of Edinburgh's Central Area Campus, not far from George Square. \nThe college was founded in 1760, and gained its present name and site in 1907. Formerly associated with Heriot-Watt University, its degrees have been issued by the University of Edinburgh since 2004. The College formally merged with the University on 1 August 2011, combining with the School of Arts, Culture and Environment and continues to exist with the name Edinburgh College of Art as an enlarged school in the College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences.", "Q5428890": "The Faculty of Advocates is an independent body of lawyers who have been admitted to practise as advocates before the courts of Scotland, especially the Court of Session and the High Court of Justiciary. The Faculty of Advocates is a constituent part of the College of Justice and is based in Edinburgh.\nAdvocates are privileged to plead in any cause before any of the courts of Scotland, including the sheriff courts and district courts, where counsel are not excluded by statute.", "Q90982": "Oliver Bendt (born J\u00f6rg Knoch on 29 October 1946, in Potsdam) is a German singer and actor.\nKnoch grew up the son of an actress in Munich, where he played children's roles in several films, including K\u00f6nigswalzer (1955) and Weil du arm bist, musst du fr\u00fcher sterben (1956). He received his first violin, piano and guitar lessons and became a member of the Regensburg Cathedral Boys Choir, where he received vocal training, and completed his vocal studies at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater Hamburg. In 1967, he competed at the Ralf Arnie Musikverlag as a junior and came into a career as a singer under the name \"George\" in 1967 and 1968 with four single records. At the same time he sang with the German production of the musical Hair. Later, he renamed himself Oliver Bendt and had more success with cover versions of English hits, including What I did, I did for Maria, I'll come back to Amarillo, My Song for Mary and Oh, Marie.\nTowards the end of the 1970s, he lived for some time on the Caribbean island of Saint Lucia. Here he had the idea for the Goombay Dance Band, which brought him his greatest successes in 1979/1980. The greatest success in Germany was the song Sun of Jamaica. Internationally it was Seven Tears. This single sold 11 million copies, and was in the chart for 12 weeks in the UK including three weeks at number one.\nBendt lives with his family in Norderstedt near Hamburg; he met his wife in St. Lucia.", "Q151856": "Hartog \"Han\" Hollander (5 October 1886 \u2013 9 July 1943) was the first Dutch radio sports journalist.\n\n", "Q503459": "Andreu Buenafuente Moreno (born 24 January 1965) is a Spanish late night show host and founder of the group El Terrat. He has worked in TV3, Antena 3, laSexta and #0. He has also worked as a radio host and has published several books with his monologues.\nHe and Silvia Abril hosted the 33rd Goya Awards on 2 February 2019.", "Q127718": "Jann Sjursen (born 23 October 1963 in N\u00e6stved) is a teacher and a Danish politician representing the Christian People's Party. \nIn 1986 he was elected secretary general of the Nordic Christian Democratic Youth and from 1987 till 1989 he was chairman of the Christian People's Party's Youth. \nIn 1990 he was elected party leader at only 26 years of age. This signified a change of the parties profile and themes such as the environment were emphasized more. He stayed party leader till 2002. Together with Flemming Kofod-Svendsen, his predecessor as party leader, he entered the first government of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen in 1993 as Minister of Energy.After his political career he was secretary general of Caritas Denmark, an NGO that provides help in third world countries.\nHe left the party in 2007 because of his disagreement with the party's approach to abortion.", "Q383764": "Paul Morrissey (born February 23, 1938) is an American film director, best known for his association with Andy Warhol. He was also director of the first film in which a transgender actress, Holly Woodlawn, starred as a cisgender woman and girlfriend of the main character played by Joe Dallesandro in Trash (1970).", "Q25687": "Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford (23 July 1765 \u2013 2 March 1802) was an English aristocrat and Whig politician, responsible for much of the development of central Bloomsbury.", "Q4889732": "Bennett S. LeBow is an American businessman and philanthropist. He is the current Chairman of the Board of Vector Group (NYSE: VGR)", "Q287270": "Georg Theodor Policron Chiewitz (5 October 1815 \u2013 28 December 1862) was a Swedish architect and engineer. Due to financial problems he moved to Finland in 1851, where Chiewitz made his most remarkable career.", "Q367390": "Emmet Derby Boyle (July 26, 1879 \u2013 January 3, 1926) was an American politician. He was the 13th Governor of Nevada. He was a member of the Democratic Party.\n\n", "Q169311": "Johann Friedrich Overbeck (3 July 1789 \u2013 12 November 1869) was a German painter and member of the Nazarene movement. He also made four etchings.\n\n", "Q1173158": "Dave Cousins (born David Joseph Hindson; 7 January 1945, in Hounslow, Middlesex, England) is an English singer and songwriter, who has been the leader, singer and most-active songwriter of Strawbs since 1967.", "Q301015": "Aapo Ilves (V\u00f5ro: Ilvese Aapo; born 20 October 1970, in R\u00e4pina) is an Estonian poet, writer, playwright, artist and musician.\nHe writes in Estonian, V\u00f5ro and Seto languages. Ilves has also written song lyrics for other artists, including several \u201cHits of the Year\u201d and also Estonian Eurovision entries \"Tii\" in 2004 and Kuula in 2012.\nHe has published 9 solo books, 2 solo CD\u2019s & lots of books and CD\u2019s with friends. Ilves has also written many plays, including several librettos for the Estonian National Opera. He has won the Estonian National Broadcast\u2019s radio contest \u201cBattle of Poetry\u201d.\nIlves is a member of Estonian Writers' Union, Estonian Authors' Society and formerly Young Authors' Association in Tartu (1996\u20132009).\nHe has contributed his writings and drawings to many journals and newspapers including children's journal T\u00e4heke and the only V\u00f5ro language newspaper Uma Leht.", "Q120077": "Thomas Minder (born 26 December 1960 in Schaffhausen, Switzerland) is a Swiss entrepreneur and politician. Minder was elected to the Swiss Council of States for the canton of Schaffhausen in 2011. He is an independent but sits with the Swiss People's Party.He is known in Switzerland for having filed an initiative entitled \"against rip-off salaries\", created on 31 October 2006 and submitted on 26 February 2008, which proposed that the remuneration of executives in public Swiss companies be more tightly controlled by the shareholders. The initiative, one of the world's most restrictive on corporate governance, was accepted by 67.9% of the population and all the cantons on 3 March 2013.\nHe is the initiator of a Federal law to better protect the concept of \"Swissness\".", "Q258612": "Theresa Lee \"Terry\" Farrell (born November 19, 1963) is an American actress and fashion model. She is best known for her role as Jadzia Dax in the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, and later in the comedy series Becker as Regina \"Reggie\" Kostas.", "Q68787": "Sessa is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q220971": "The marimba () is a percussion instrument consisting of a set of wooden bars struck with yarn or rubber mallets to produce musical tones. Resonators or pipes suspended underneath the bars amplify their sound. The bars of a chromatic marimba are arranged like the keys of a piano, with the groups of two and three accidentals raised vertically, overlapping the natural bars to aid the performer both visually and physically. This instrument is a type of idiophone, but with a more resonant and lower-pitched tessitura than the xylophone. A person who plays the marimba is called a marimbist or a marimba player.\nModern uses of the marimba include solo performances, woodwind and brass ensembles, marimba concertos, jazz ensembles, marching band (front ensembles), drum and bugle corps, indoor percussion ensembles, and orchestral compositions. Contemporary composers have used the unique sound of the marimba more and more in recent years.", "Q387502": "\u015awiecie pronounced [\u02c8\u0255f\u02b2\u025bt\u0361\u0255\u025b] (German: Schwetz) is a town in northern Poland with 25,968 inhabitants (2006), situated in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (since 1999); it was in Bydgoszcz Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998. It is the capital of \u015awiecie County.", "Q673660": "Mazorakopf or Falknishorn (2451.5 m) is a mountain on the border between Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is the southernmost point of the principality of Liechtenstein.", "Q1140592": "Gregg Hoffman (June 11, 1963 \u2013 December 4, 2005), born in Phoenix, Arizona, was a film producer responsible for developing Saw and Saw II. He studied communications, law and economics at American University in Washington, D.C. Hoffman was working on Saw III, Saw IV and other films for Twisted Pictures when he died in a hospital in Hollywood, California of natural causes. He was 42 years old at his death. The movie Dead Silence (2007) was dedicated to him. He was also thanked in the film Gross Misconduct, mentioned as dedicatee for Saw III, and posthumously credited with producing the Saw films from 2007 through 2017.", "Q11522": "Pamela Kyle Crossley (born 18 November 1953) is an historian of modern China, northern Asia, and global history and holds the Charles and Elfriede Collis Professor of History, Dartmouth College. She is a founding appointment of the Dartmouth Society of Fellows.\nShe is author of The Wobbling Pivot: China since 1800: An Interpretive History (2010), as well as influential studies of the Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911) and leading textbooks in global history. Crossley is known for an interpretation of the source of twentieth-century identities. In her view overland conquest by the great empires of early modern Eurasia produced a special form of rulership which gave high priority to the institutionalization of cultural identity. Crossley suggests that these concepts were encoded in political practice and academic discourse on \"nationalism,\" and prevailed till the end of the twentieth century.\n\n", "Q20927": "Daegu (Korean: [t\u025b\u0261u]; \ub300\uad6c, \u5927\u90b1, literally 'large hill'\ub300\uad6c\uad11\uc5ed\uc2dc), formerly spelled Taegu and officially known as the Daegu Metropolitan City, is a city in South Korea, the fourth-largest after Seoul, Busan, and Incheon, and the third-largest metropolitan area in the nation with over 2.5 million residents. Daegu and surrounding North Gyeongsang Province are often referred to as Daegu-Gyeongbuk, with a total population over 5 million. \nDaegu is located in south-eastern Korea about 80 km (50 mi) from the seacoast, near the Geumho River and its mainstream, Nakdong River in Gyeongsang-do. The Daegu basin is the central plain of the Yeongnam region. In ancient times, the Daegu area was part of the proto-kingdom Jinhan. Subsequently, Daegu came under the control of the Silla Kingdom, which unified the Korean Peninsula. During the Joseon Dynasty period, the city was the capital of Gyeongsang-do, one of the traditional eight provinces of the country.\nDaegu was an economic motor of Korea during the 1960s\u20131980s period and was especially known for its electronics industry. The humid subtropical climate of Daegu is ideal for producing high-quality apples, thus the nickname, \"Apple City\". Daegu is also known as \"Textile City\". Textiles used to be the pillar industry of the city. With the establishment of the Daegu-Gyeongbuk Free Economic Zone, Daegu is currently focusing on fostering fashion and high-tech industries.\nDaegu was the host city of the 22nd World Energy Congress, the 2011 World Championships in Athletics, and the 2003 Summer Universiade. It also hosted four matches in the 2002 FIFA World Cup.\n\n", "Q188845": "Rain Man is a 1988 American comedy-drama film directed by Barry Levinson and written by Barry Morrow and Ronald Bass. It tells the story of abrasive, selfish young wheeler-dealer Charlie Babbitt (Tom Cruise), who discovers that his estranged father has died and bequeathed all of his multimillion-dollar estate to his other son, Raymond (Dustin Hoffman), an autistic savant, of whose existence Charlie was unaware. Charlie is left with only his father's beloved vintage car and rosebushes. Valeria Golino also stars as Charlie's girlfriend Susanna.\nMorrow created the character of Raymond after meeting Kim Peek, a real-life savant; his characterization was based on both Peek and Bill Sackter, a good friend of Morrow who was the subject of Bill, an earlier film that Morrow wrote.Rain Man was the highest-grossing film of 1988. The film won four Oscars at the 61st Academy Awards (March 1989), including Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, Best Director, and Best Actor in a Leading Role for Hoffman. Its crew received an additional four nominations. The film also won the Golden Bear at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q124211": "Karl Wilhelm von Meister (3 February 1863, in Frankfurt am Main \u2013 14 February 1935, in Geneva) was a German politician and diplomat.", "Q355444": "Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 \u2013 September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad-executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island. He served as the Governor of Rhode Island from 1864 to 1869, and as a United States Senator for Rhode Island from 1875 until his death. \nAs a Union Army general in the American Civil War of 1861-1865 he conducted successful campaigns in North Carolina and East Tennessee, as well as countering the raids of Confederate General John Hunt Morgan, but suffered disastrous defeats at the Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of the Crater. \nHis distinctive style of facial hair became known as sideburns, derived from his last name. In 1871, he became the first president of the National Rifle Association, holding the office until 1872.", "Q132473": "Paulinus of Nola (; Italian: Paolino di Nola; Latin: Paulinus Nolanus, English: ; also Anglicized as Pauline of Nola; c.\u2009354 \u2013 June 22, AD 431), born Pontius Meropius Anicius Paulinus, was a Roman poet, writer, and senator who attained the ranks of suffect consul (c.\u2009377) and governor of Campania (c.\u2009380\u20131) but\u2014following the assassination of the emperor Gratian and under the influence of his Spanish wife Therasia of Nola \u2014 abandoned his career, was baptized as a Christian, and probably after Therasia's death became bishop of Nola in Campania. While there, he wrote poems in honor of his predecessor St Felix and corresponded with other Christian leaders throughout the empire. He is traditionally credited with the introduction of bells to Christian worship and helped resolve the disputed election of Pope Boniface I.\nHis renunciation of his wealth and station in favor of an ascetic and philanthropic life was held up as an example by many of his contemporaries\u2014including SS Augustine, Jerome, Martin, and Ambrose\u2014and he was subsequently venerated as a saint. His relics became a focus of pilgrimage, but were removed from Nola between the 11th and 20th centuries. His feast day is observed on June 22 in both the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. In Nola, the entire week around his feast day is celebrated as the Festival of the Lilies.", "Q528804": "Severo Sarduy (25 February 1937, Camag\u00fcey, Cuba \u2013 8 June 1993, Paris) was a Cuban poet, author, playwright, and critic of Cuban literature and art. Some of his works deal explicitly with male homosexuality and transvestism.", "Q313411": "George Pratt Shultz (; born December 13, 1920) is an American economist, politician, and businessman. He served in various positions under three different Republican presidents and is one of only two people to have held four different Cabinet posts. Shultz played a major role in shaping the foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration. From 1974 to 1982, he was an executive of Bechtel Group, an engineering and services company. In the 2010s, Shultz was a prominent figure in the scandal of the biotech firm Theranos, continuing to support it as a board member in the face of mounting evidence of fraud.\nBorn in New York City, he graduated from Princeton University before serving in the United States Marine Corps during World War II. After the war, Shultz earned a Ph.D. in industrial economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He taught at MIT from 1948 to 1957, taking a leave of absence in 1955 to take a position on President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Council of Economic Advisers. After serving as dean of the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, he accepted President Richard Nixon's appointment as United States Secretary of Labor. In that position, he imposed the Philadelphia Plan on construction contractors who refused to accept black members, marking the first use of racial quotas by the federal government. In 1970, he became the first director of the Office of Management and Budget, and he served in that position until his appointment as United States Secretary of the Treasury in 1972. In that role, Shultz supported the Nixon shock (which sought to revive the ailing economy in part by abolishing the gold standard) and presided over the end of the Bretton Woods system.\nShultz left the Nixon administration in 1974 to become an executive at Bechtel. After becoming president and director of that company, he accepted President Ronald Reagan's offer to serve as United States Secretary of State. He held that office from 1982 to 1989. Shultz pushed for Reagan to establish relations with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, which led to a thaw between the United States and the Soviet Union. He opposed the U.S. aid to rebels trying to overthrow the Sandinistas using funds from an illegal sale of weapons to Iran that led to the Iran\u2013Contra affair.\nShultz retired from public office in 1989 but remained active in business and politics. He served as an informal adviser to George W. Bush and helped formulate the Bush Doctrine of preemptive war. He served on the Global Commission on Drug Policy, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's Economic Recovery Council, and on the boards of Bechtel and the Charles Schwab Corporation.\nSince 2013, Shultz has repeatedly advocated for a revenue-neutral carbon tax as the most economically sound means of mitigating anthropogenic climate change. He is a member of the Hoover Institution, the Institute for International Economics, the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, and other groups. Since the death of William Thaddeus Coleman Jr., Shultz is the oldest living former U.S. Cabinet member. Along with Henry Kissinger, he is one of two living members of Nixon's Cabinet.", "Q103876": "Peter Seamus O'Toole (; 2 August 1932 \u2013 14 December 2013) was a British stage and film actor of Irish descent. He attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and began working in the theatre, gaining recognition as a Shakespearean actor at the Bristol Old Vic and with the English Stage Company. In 1959 he made his West End debut in The Long and the Short and the Tall.\nMaking his film debut in 1959, O'Toole achieved international recognition playing T. E. Lawrence in Lawrence of Arabia (1962) for which he received his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. He was nominated for this award another seven times \u2013 for playing King Henry II in both Becket (1964) and The Lion in Winter (1968), Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969), The Ruling Class (1972), The Stunt Man (1980), My Favorite Year (1982), and Venus (2006) \u2013 and holds the record for the most Academy Award nominations for acting without a win. In 2002, O'Toole was awarded the Academy Honorary Award for his career achievements. He was additionally the recipient of four Golden Globe Awards, one BAFTA Award and one Primetime Emmy Award.", "Q41315": "Under the Tuscan Sun is a 2003 American romantic comedy drama film written, produced, and directed by Audrey Wells and starring Diane Lane. Based on Frances Mayes' 1996 memoir of the same name, the film is about a recently divorced writer who buys a villa in Tuscany on a whim, hoping it will lead to a change in her life. The film was nominated for the Art Directors Guild Excellence in Production Design Award, and Diane Lane received a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance.", "Q665002": "B\u00e9la Barab\u00e1s (12 December 1855 \u2013 28 May 1934) was a Hungarian politician, jurist and author.\nHe studied in Kolozsv\u00e1r (present-day Cluj-Napoca, Romania). He graduated law studies at the University of Budapest in 1879. Barab\u00e1s became leader of the Independence Party in his birthplace city of Arad. He was a member of the House of Representatives (lower house of the Diet of Hungary) between 1892 and 1910, and he was one of the leading figures in the opposition's obstruction during the Hungarian Constitutional Crisis of 1903\u20131907. At the occasion of 1910 elections he lost his mandate, but one year later he gain a seat in a by-election. In 1914 he went with Mih\u00e1ly K\u00e1rolyi to the United States tour. He became lord lieutenant of Arad County in 1917.\nAfter the Treaty of Trianon Barab\u00e1s stayed in Transylvania and soon became one of the leaders of the Hungarian minority. He was a deputy chairman of the Magyar Party since 1922. He became a member of the Senate of Romania in 1926. Barab\u00e1s also had a significant journalistic activity in local and national newspapers. He was editor of the Arad \u00e9s Vid\u00e9ke (Arad and its Region) for a short time. He served as chief editor of Aradi Magyar \u00dajs\u00e1g (Hungarian Journal in Arad) from 1926 to 1927.\n\n", "Q537924": "Raoul Vaneigem (Dutch pronunciation: [ra\u02d0\u02c8ul v\u0251n\u02c8\u025bi\u032f\u0263\u0259m]; born 21 March 1934) is a Belgian writer known for his 1967 book The Revolution of Everyday Life.\nHe was born in Lessines (Hainaut, Belgium) and studied romance philology at the Free University of Brussels (now split into the Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel) from 1952 to 1956. He was a member of the Situationist International from 1961 to 1970. He currently resides in Belgium and is the father of four children.", "Q268909": "Vittoria Puccini (born 18 November 1981) is an Italian film and television actress.\nSince her success as the lead actress in 2003 costume drama television series Elisa di Rivombrosa, she has continued to work in television and movie productions, becoming one of the most popular actresses in Italy.\nShe has a daughter (born 2006) with Italian actor and Elisa di Rivombrosa co-star Alessandro Preziosi. Her newest production is the television series Il Processo, where she played one of the main roles.\n\n", "Q509174": "Olga Vsevolodovna Ivinskaya (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f; June 16, 1912, Tambov \u2013 September 8, 1995, Moscow) was a Russian poet and writer. She was friend and lover of Nobel Prize-winning writer Boris Pasternak during the last 13 years of his life and the inspiration for the character of Lara in his novel Doctor Zhivago (1957).", "Q236875": "Thora Birch (born March 11, 1982) is an American actress and producer. She made her film debut in Purple People Eater (1988), for which she won a Young Artist Award for \"Best Young Actress Under Nine Years of Age\", and rose to prominence as a child star with appearances in films such as All I Want for Christmas (1991), Patriot Games (1992), Hocus Pocus (1993), Monkey Trouble (1994), Now and Then (1995), and Alaska (1996).\nHer breakthrough role came in 1999 when she played Jane Burnham in the highly acclaimed film American Beauty, for which she earned a BAFTA nomination for Best Supporting Actress. She then starred as Enid in the cult hit Ghost World (2001), earning a nomination for the Golden Globe for Best Actress. In 2003, she received an Emmy Award nomination for playing the title role in Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story. Her other films include Dungeons & Dragons (2000), The Hole (2001), Silver City (2004), Dark Corners (2006), Winter of Frozen Dreams (2009), and Petunia (2012).\nAfter taking a break from acting, Birch resumed her career in 2016 and has since starred in several independent films. Birch also played Whisperer Mary / Gamma on season 10 of The Walking Dead (2019-2020).", "Q314418": "Mephisto is a 1981 drama film based on the novel of the same title by Klaus Mann. Directed by Istv\u00e1n Szab\u00f3, produced by Manfred Durniok and screenplay written by P\u00e9ter Dobai and Szab\u00f3, Mephisto follows a German stage actor which finds unexpected success and mixed blessings in the popularity of his performance in a Faustian play as the Nazis take power in pre-WWII Germany. As his associates and friends flee or are ground under by the Nazi terror, the popularity of his character supersedes his own existence until he finds that his best performance is keeping up appearances for his Nazi patrons. The film stars Klaus Maria Brandauer as the main role, alongside Krystyna Janda and Ildiko Bansagi in supporting roles.\nMephisto was released on April 29, 1981 in Germany and on October 8, 1981 in Hungary. The film received generally positive reviews and was the first Hungarian film to win an Academy Award for Best Foreign Film.", "Q181861": "Noise rock (sometimes called noise punk) is a noise-oriented style of experimental rock that spun off from punk rock in the 1980s. Drawing on movements such as minimalism, industrial music, and New York hardcore, artists indulge in extreme levels of distortion through the use of electric guitars and, less frequently, electronic instrumentation, either to provide percussive sounds or to contribute to the overall arrangement.Some groups are tied to song structures, such as Sonic Youth. Although they are not representative of the entire genre, they helped popularize noise rock among alternative rock audiences by incorporating melodies into their droning textures of sound, which set a template that numerous other groups followed.", "Q454515": "Stephen Joseph Dubner (born August 26, 1963) is an American author, journalist, and podcast and radio host. He is co-author of the popular Freakonomics book series and host of Freakonomics Radio, which gets 15 million global monthly downloads and is heard by millions more on public radio stations throughout the United States.", "Q57211": "Hasso Eccard von Manteuffel (14 January 1897 \u2013 24 September 1978) was a German general during World War II who commanded the 5th Panzer Army. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds of Nazi Germany.\nAfter the war, he was elected to the Bundestag (West German legislature) and was the spokesman for defense of the Liberal Party. A proponent of rearmament, he was responsible for coining the new name for the post-World War II German armed forces, the Bundeswehr.", "Q83726": "Ealing () is a district of West London, England, located 7.9 miles (12.7 km) west of Charing Cross. Located within the London Borough of Ealing, it is one of the borough's seven major towns (alongside Acton, Greenford, Hanwell, Northolt, Perivale and Southall). Ealing, covering the W5 and W13 postal code areas is the administrative centre of the borough, is identified as a major metropolitan centre in the London Plan.Ealing is in the historic county of Middlesex. Until the urban expansion of London in the late 19th century and early 20th centuries Ealing was a rural village within Ealing parish. Improvement in communications with London, culminating with the opening of the railway station in 1838, shifted the local economy to market garden supply and eventually to suburban development. By 1902 Ealing had become known as the \"Queen of the Suburbs\" due to its greenery, and because it was halfway between city and country.As part of the growth of London in the 20th century, Ealing significantly expanded and increased in population. It became a municipal borough in 1901 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It is now a significant commercial and retail centre with a developed night-time economy. Ealing has the characteristics of both leafy suburban and inner-city development, and some areas, such as Pitshanger, retain the atmosphere of a village. Ealing's town centre is often referred to as Ealing Broadway, the name of both a railway interchange and a shopping centre.\nMost of Ealing, including the commercial district, South Ealing, Ealing Common, Montpelier, Pitshanger and most of Hanger Hill fall under the W5 postcode. Areas to the north-west of the town centre such as Argyle Road and West Ealing fall under W13 instead. A small section north-east of the town centre, near Hanger Hill, falls under the NW10 postcode area. The population of Ealing (including Northfields) was 85,014 in the 2011 census.", "Q3306474": "Harold Stanley Marcus (April 20, 1905 \u2013 January 22, 2002) was president (1950\u20131972) and later chairman of the board (1972\u20131976) of the luxury retailer Neiman Marcus in Dallas, Texas, which his father and aunt had founded in 1907. During his tenure at the company, he also became a published author, writing his memoir Minding the Store and also a regular column in The Dallas Morning News. After Neiman Marcus was sold to Carter Hawley Hale Stores, Marcus initially remained in an advisory capacity to that company, but later began his own consulting business, which continued until his death. He served his local community as an avid patron of the fine arts and as a civic leader. In a chapter titled \"Mr. Stanley\" \u2014 the name by which Marcus was known locally for decades \u2014 in his 1953 work Neiman-Marcus, Texas, Frank X. Tolbert called him \"Dallas's most internationally famous citizen\" and worthy of being called \"the Southwest's No. 1 businessman-intellectual.\"Marcus introduced many of the innovations for which Neiman-Marcus became known, creating a national award for service in fashion and hosting art exhibitions in the store itself, as well as weekly fashion shows and an annual Fortnight event highlighting a different foreign country for two weeks each year. He established the Neiman-Marcus Christmas Catalogue, which became famous for extravagant \"His and Hers\" gifts such as airplanes and camels. Marcus prided himself on his staff's ability to provide service and value for each client, often citing his father's dictum, \"There is never a good sale for Neiman Marcus unless it's a good buy for the customer.\"\nHe received the Chevalier Award from the French Legion of Honor, was listed in the Houston Chronicle's list of the 100 most important Texans, and was named by Harvard Business School among the greatest American Business Leaders of the 20th century. The Advertising Hall of Fame notes: \"Stanley Marcus was among the most important figures in the history of American retail merchandising and marketing. Through his many innovations, he transformed a local Dallas clothing store into an international brand synonymous with high style, fashion and gracious service.\"", "Q518079": "Andr\u00e9 Couder (27 November 1897 \u2013 16 January 1979) was a French optician and astronomer.\n\n", "Q569680": "Butzbach (German pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u028atsbax]) is a town in the Wetteraukreis district in Hessen, Germany. It is located approximately 16 km south of Gie\u00dfen and 35 km north of Frankfurt am Main.\nIn 2007, the town hosted the 47th Hessentag state festival from 1 to 10 June.\nThe \"Landgrafenschloss\" (\"landgraves' castle\"), used by the United States Army until 1990, is now utilized by the city council. The so-called \"Roman Way Housing\" of the United States Army with more than 1000 apartments was returned to the German Government in October 2007 and since has been renovated and rented out to the public. The town's market place is enclosed by timber framing. The \"Schrenzer\" hill (or Heidelbeerberg, 385 m) overlooks the town and the country north of Frankfurt, called Wetterau. Another much higher mountain nearby is the Hausberg which features a look-out tower.", "Q227978": "Pope John XIX (Latin: Ioannes XIX; died October 1032), born Romanus, was bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 1024 to his death. He belonged to the family of the powerful counts of Tusculum, succeeding his brother, Benedict VIII. Papal relations with the Patriarchate of Constantinople soured during John XIX's pontificate. He was a supporter of Emperor Conrad II and patron of the musician Guido of Arezzo.", "Q238858": "An Unfinished Life is a 2005 American drama film directed by Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m, and based on the Mark Spragg novel of the same name. The film stars Robert Redford, Jennifer Lopez, and Morgan Freeman. It is the story of a gruff Wyoming rancher (Redford) who must reconcile his relationship with his struggling daughter-in-law (Lopez) and previously-unknown-to-him granddaughter, after they show up unexpectedly at his ranch and ask to stay with him and his disabled best friend and neighbor (Freeman).", "Q93535": "Princess Michael of Kent (born Baroness Marie Christine von Reibnitz; 15 January 1945) is a member of the British royal family of German, Austrian, and Hungarian noble descent. She is married to Prince Michael of Kent, a grandson of King George V. Princess Michael was an interior designer before becoming an author; she has written several books on European royalty. She does lecture tours as well as supporting her husband in his public duties.", "Q312": "Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. It is considered one of the Big Four technology companies, alongside Amazon, Google, and Microsoft.The company's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, the Apple TV digital media player, the AirPods wireless earbuds and the HomePod smart speaker. Apple's software includes the macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, the Shazam acoustic fingerprint utility, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites, as well as professional applications like Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, and Xcode. Its online services include the iTunes Store, the iOS App Store, Mac App Store, Apple Music, Apple TV+, iMessage, and iCloud. Other services include Apple Store, Genius Bar, AppleCare, Apple Pay, Apple Pay Cash, and Apple Card.\nApple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell Wozniak's Apple I personal computer, though Wayne sold his share back within 12 days. It was incorporated as Apple Computer, Inc., in January 1977, and sales of its computers, including the Apple II, grew quickly. Within a few years, Jobs and Wozniak had hired a staff of computer designers and had a production line. Apple went public in 1980 to instant financial success. Over the next few years, Apple shipped new computers featuring innovative graphical user interfaces, such as the original Macintosh in 1984, and Apple's marketing advertisements for its products received widespread critical acclaim. However, the high price of its products and limited application library caused problems, as did power struggles between executives. In 1985, Wozniak departed Apple amicably and remained an honorary employee, while Jobs and others resigned to found NeXT.As the market for personal computers expanded and evolved through the 1990s, Apple lost market share to the lower-priced duopoly of Microsoft Windows on Intel PC clones. The board recruited CEO Gil Amelio to what would be a 500-day charge for him to rehabilitate the financially troubled company\u2014reshaping it with layoffs, executive restructuring, and product focus. In 1997, he led Apple to buy NeXT, solving the desperately failed operating system strategy and bringing Jobs back. Jobs pensively regained leadership status, becoming CEO in 2000. Apple swiftly returned to profitability under the revitalizing Think different campaign, as he rebuilt Apple's status by launching the iMac in 1998, opening the retail chain of Apple Stores in 2001, and acquiring numerous companies to broaden the software portfolio. In January 2007, Jobs renamed the company Apple Inc., reflecting its shifted focus toward consumer electronics, and launched the iPhone to great critical acclaim and financial success. In August 2011, Jobs resigned as CEO due to health complications, and Tim Cook became the new CEO. Two months later, Jobs died, marking the end of an era for the company. In June 2019, Jony Ive, Apple's CDO, left the company to start his own firm but stated he would work with Apple as its primary client.\nApple is well known for its size and revenues. Its worldwide annual revenue totaled $265 billion for the 2018 fiscal year. Apple is the world's largest technology company by revenue and one of the world's most valuable companies. It is also the world's third-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung and Huawei. In August 2018, Apple became the first public U.S. company to be valued at over $1 trillion. The company employs 123,000 full-time employees and maintains 504 retail stores in 24 countries as of 2018. It operates the iTunes Store, which is the world's largest music retailer. As of January 2018, more than 1.3 billion Apple products are actively in use worldwide. The company also has a high level of brand loyalty and is ranked as the world's most valuable brand. However, Apple receives significant criticism regarding the labor practices of its contractors, its environmental practices and unethical business practices, including anti-competitive behavior, as well as the origins of source materials.", "Q353753": "Kind Hearts and Coronets is a 1949 British black comedy film. It features Dennis Price, Joan Greenwood, Valerie Hobson and Alec Guinness; Guinness plays nine characters. The plot is loosely based on the novel Israel Rank: The Autobiography of a Criminal (1907) by Roy Horniman. It concerns Louis D'Ascoyne Mazzini, the son of a woman disowned by her aristocratic family for marrying out of her social class. After her death, Louis decides to take revenge on the family, and to take the dukedom by murdering the eight people ahead of him in succession to the title.\nMichael Balcon, the head of Ealing Studios and the producer of Kind Hearts and Coronets, appointed Robert Hamer as director. Hamer was interested in the film, and thought it an interesting project with possibilities of using the English language in a unique way in the film. Filming took place from September 1948 at Leeds Castle and other locations in Kent, and at Ealing Studios. The themes of class and sexual repression run through the film, particularly love between classes.\nKind Hearts and Coronets was released on 13 June 1949 in the United Kingdom, and was well received by the critics. It has continued to receive favourable reviews over the years, and in 1999 it was number six in the British Film Institute's rating of the Top 100 British films. In 2005 it was included in Time's list of the top 100 films since 1923.", "Q524780": "Charles Henry Ferguson (born March 24, 1955) is the founder and president of Representational Pictures, Inc., and director and producer of No End in Sight: The American Occupation of Iraq (2007) and Inside Job (2010), which won the Oscar for Best Documentary Feature. Ferguson is also a software entrepreneur, writer and authority in technology policy.", "Q449222": "Carry On Henry is a 1971 British comedy film, the 21st release in the series of 31 Carry On films (1958\u20131992). It tells a fictionalised story involving Sid James as Henry VIII, who chases after Barbara Windsor's character Bettina. James and Windsor feature alongside other regulars Kenneth Williams, Charles Hawtrey, Joan Sims, Terry Scott and Kenneth Connor. This was the first time that Williams and Connor appeared together since Carry On Cleo seven years previously. The original alternative title was to be Anne of a Thousand Lays, a pun on the Richard Burton film Anne of the Thousand Days, and Sid James wears exactly the same cloak that Burton wore in that film.\nThe opening theme is a version of \"Greensleeves\", as arranged by Eric Rogers.", "Q169477": "Zebraman (\u30bc\u30d6\u30e9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3, Zebur\u0101man) is a 2004 Japanese superhero comedy film directed by Takashi Miike, written by Kankur\u014d Kud\u014d and stars Sh\u014d Aikawa as the main character, a superhero named \"Zebraman\".\nA 2010 sequel, titled Zebraman 2: Attack on Zebra City, featured the addition of Masahiro Inoue of Kamen Rider Decade to the cast.", "Q1389058": "K\u00e5re Hedebrant (born 28 June 1995) is a Swedish actor.", "Q202508": "The Mummy is a 1999 American action horror film written and directed by Stephen Sommers. It is a remake loosely based on the 1932 film of the same title and stars Brendan Fraser, Rachel Weisz, John Hannah, and Kevin J. O'Connor, with Arnold Vosloo in the titular role as the reanimated mummy. The film follows adventurer Rick O'Connell as he travels to Hamunaptra, the city of the dead, with a librarian and her brother, where they accidentally awaken Imhotep, a cursed high priest from the reign of the pharaoh Seti I.\nFilming began in Marrakech, Morocco, on May 4, 1998, and lasted seventeen weeks. The crew endured dehydration, sandstorms, and snakes during work in the Sahara desert. The film was the first to use the natural crater formation Gara Medouar, which was later used in the Bond movie Spectre (2015) and others. Industrial Light & Magic provided visual effects and blended film and computer-generated imagery to create the mummy. Jerry Goldsmith provided the orchestral score.\nThe Mummy opened on May 7, 1999, and grossed $43 million in 3,210 theaters during its opening weekend in the United States. The film went on to gross $416 million worldwide. The great success at the box office led to two sequels\u2014The Mummy Returns (2001) and The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor (2008)\u2014as well as an animated series and the prequel/spin-off film The Scorpion King (2002).", "Q366930": "Santiago Rusi\u00f1ol i Prats (Catalan: [s\u0259nti\u02c8a\u0263u ruzi\u02c8\u0272\u0254l], Spanish: [santi\u02c8a\u0263o rusi\u02c8\u0272ol]; 25 February 1861 \u2013 13 June 1931) was a Spanish painter, poet, and playwright. He was one of the leaders of the Catalan modernisme movement.He influenced Pablo Picasso as a modern artist, and also left a number of modernist buildings in Sitges, a town in Catalonia.", "Q43264": "Manoel C\u00e2ndido Pinto de Oliveira GCSE, GCIH (Portuguese: [m\u0250nu\u02c8\u025b\u026b doli\u02c8v\u0250j\u027e\u0250]; 11 December 1908 \u2013 2 April 2015) was a Portuguese film director and screenwriter born in Cedofeita, Porto. He first began making films in 1927, when he and some friends attempted to make a film about World War I. In 1931 he completed his first film Douro, Faina Fluvial, a documentary about his home city Porto made in the city symphony genre. He made his feature film debut in 1942 with Aniki-B\u00f3b\u00f3 and continued to make shorts and documentaries for the next 30 years, gaining a minimal amount of recognition without being considered a major world film director. Among the numerous factors that prevented Oliveira from making more films during this time period were the political situation in Portugal, family obligations and money.\nIn 1971, Oliveira directed his second feature narrative film, Past and Present, a social satire that both set the standard for his film career afterwards and gained him recognition in the global film community. He continued making films of growing ambition throughout the 1970s and 1980s, gaining critical acclaim and numerous awards. Beginning in the late 1980s he was one of the most prolific working film directors and made an average of one film per year past the age of 100. In March 2008 he was reported to be the oldest active film director in the world. He was also the only filmmaker whose active career spanned from the silent era to the digital age.\nAmong his numerous awards were the Career Golden Lion from the 61st Venice International Film Festival, the Special Lion for the Overall Work in the 42nd Venice International Film Festival, an Honorary Golden Palm for his lifetime achievements in 2008 Cannes Film Festival, and the French Legion of Honor.", "Q86886": "Paul Lindau (3 June 1839 - 31 January 1919) was a German dramatist and novelist.", "Q275958": "Tracy Jo Pollan (; born June 22, 1960) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying Ellen Reed on the sitcom Family Ties from 1985 to 1987 and for her theater roles.", "Q553508": "Alexander Junior Grant (born 7 August 1982), professionally known as Alex da Kid, is a British record producer, songwriter, and record executive from Wood Green, London. He has gained recognition for producing several hit singles for a plethora of artists in various music genres, such as Dr. Dre (\"I Need a Doctor\"), Nicki Minaj (\"Massive Attack\"), B.o.B (\"Airplanes\" featuring Hayley Williams), Eminem (\"Love the Way You Lie\" featuring Rihanna), Diddy (\"Coming Home\" with Dirty Money featuring Skylar Grey), Imagine Dragons (\"Radioactive\") and Cheryl (\"Under The Sun\").\nEven though he now lives in Los Angeles, the Evening Standard named him one of \"London's Most Influential People in 2011.\" He has been nominated for numerous Grammy Awards including \"Album of the Year\" for his work on Rihanna's Loud. His record label, KIDinaKORNER, is a subdivision of Interscope Records.In both 2013 and 2014, Grant (as owner of KIDinaKORNER Records) was chosen by Billboard Magazine for their \"Top 40 Under 40.\"In 2016, Grant released his first solo project as an artist. The single, \u201cNot Easy\u201d features X Ambassadors, Elle King and Wiz Khalifa via KIDinaKORNER/RCA Records. The track was written and produced by Alex da Kid for KIDinaKORNER, Sam Harris, Casey Harris, Adam Levin, Elle King, and Wiz Khalifa. In 2017, Grant released his second track, \"American Funeral\" which was a co-written collaboration with Joseph Angel.In a Music Connection magazine cover story from January 2015, Grant said, as a producer, he co-writes everything that he works on with the artists.", "Q3067740": "Salim Wardeh (Arabic: \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629) (born October 1, 1968, in Zahle, Lebanon) was the Minister of Culture in Lebanon until June 2011, when he was replaced by Gaby Layoun. Wardeh is a Catholic Christian and is a member of the Lebanese Forces which in turn is a member of the March 14 Alliance. Wardeh is a member of the board of directors of Tell Shiha Hospital. He also holds Australian citizenship.", "Q3766177": "Videography refers to the process of capturing moving images on electronic media (e.g., videotape, direct to disk recording, or solid state storage) and even streaming media. The term includes methods of video production and post-production. It used to be considered the video equivalent of cinematography (moving images recorded on film stock), but the advent of digital video recording in the late 20th century blurred the distinction between the two, as in both methods the intermittent mechanism became the same. Nowadays, any video work could be called videography, whereas commercial motion picture production would be called cinematography. A videographer is a person who works in the field of videography and/or video production. News broadcasting relies heavily on live television where videographers engage in electronic news gathering (ENG) of local news stories.", "Q55406": "Shyam Benegal (born 14 December 1934) is an Indian director and screenwriter. With his first four feature films Ankur (1973), Nishant (1975), Manthan (1976) and Bhumika (1977) he was part of a new genre, which has now come to be called the \"middle cinema\" in India. He has expressed dislike of the term, preferring his work to be called New or Alternate cinema. Benegal was awarded the Padma Shri in 1976 and the Padma Bhushan in 1991. On 8 August 2007, Benegal was awarded the highest award in Indian cinema for lifetime achievement, the Dadasaheb Phalke Award for the year 2005. He has won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi seven times. He was awarded the V. Shantaram Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2018 Mumbai International Film Festival.", "Q81131": "Talisa Soto (born March 27, 1967) is an American actress and former model. Soto is perhaps best known for portraying Princess Kitana in the 1995 fantasy action film Mortal Kombat and its 1997 sequel Mortal Kombat: Annihilation. Soto also starred as Lupe Lamora in the 1989 James Bond film Licence to Kill. Prior to her acting career, Soto began her career as a model, appearing in magazine issues such as Mademoiselle, Glamour and Elle.", "Q437930": "The Neuilly-sur-Seine community cemeteries in the Hauts-de-Seine d\u00e9partement of France are in the western suburbs of Paris, between Paris and La D\u00e9fense.\nThe first is called cimeti\u00e8re ancien (Old Cemetery) and is to be found in Neuilly; the second (New Cemetery) is to be found in Nanterre, near La D\u00e9fense and adjacent to Paris La D\u00e9fense Arena, but belongs to Neuilly. It is called cimeti\u00e8re nouveau.", "Q119190": "Medieval studies is the academic interdisciplinary study of the Middle Ages.\n\n", "Q2986943": "Sarah Jane Brown (n\u00e9e Macaulay; born 31 October 1963), usually known as Sarah Brown, is a British campaigner for global health and education, founder and president of the children's charity Theirworld, the Executive Chair of the Global Business Coalition for Education and the co-founder of A World at School.She was a founding partner of Hobsbawm Macaulay Communications, a public relations company. She is married to Gordon Brown, who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1997 to 2007 and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2007 to 2010.", "Q12995": "Kortrijk ( KORT-ryke, Dutch: [\u02c8k\u0254rtr\u025bik] (listen); West Flemish: Kortryk or Kortrik; French: Courtrai [ku\u0281t\u0281\u025b]; Latin: Cortoriacum), also known in English as Courtrai or Courtray ( koor-TRAY), is a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders.\nIt is the capital and largest city of the judicial and administrative arrondissement of Kortrijk. The wider municipality comprises the city of Kortrijk proper and the villages of Aalbeke, Bellegem, Bissegem, Heule, Kooigem, Marke, and Rollegem. Kortrijk is also part of the cross-border Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai metropolitan area.The city is on the river Leie, 42 km (26 mi) southwest of Ghent and 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Lille. Mouscron in Wallonia is just south of Kortrijk.\n\nKortrijk originated from a Gallo-Roman town, Cortoriacum, at a crossroads near the Leie river and two Roman roads. In the Middle Ages, Kortrijk grew significantly thanks to the flax and wool industry with France and England and became one of the biggest and richest cities in Flanders. The city is often referred to as City of Groeninge or City of the Golden Spurs, referring to the Battle of Courtrai or the Battle of the Golden Spurs which took place on 11 July 1302 on the Fields of Groeninge in Kortrijk. In 1820 the Treaty of Kortrijk was signed, laying out the still-current borders between France and Belgium. Throughout the 19th and 20th century, the flax industry flourished and remains important within the Belgian textile industry today.\nKortrijk is the largest city in southern West Flanders, with several hospitals, colleges and a university. Kortrijk was the first city in Belgium with a pedestrian shopping street, the Korte Steenstraat.", "Q264855": "Maj Sj\u00f6wall (born 25 September 1935 in Stockholm) is a Swedish author and translator. She is best known for the collaborative work with her partner Per Wahl\u00f6\u00f6 on a series of ten novels about the exploits of Martin Beck, a police detective in Stockholm. They also wrote novels separately. In 1971, the fourth of the Beck books, The Laughing Policeman (a translation of Den skrattande polisen, originally published in 1968) won an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Novel and was adapted into the film The Laughing Policeman starring Walter Matthau. In 2013, Sj\u00f6wall received the fifth Lenin Award.\nSj\u00f6wall had a 13-year relationship with Wahl\u00f6\u00f6 which lasted until his death in 1975.", "Q1079307": "Christian Ditlev Frederik, Count of Reventlow (11 March 1748 \u2013 11 October 1827) was a Danish statesman and reformer, the son of Privy Councillor Christian Ditlev Reventlow (1710\u20131775) by his first wife, baroness Johanne Sophie Frederikke von Bothmer. His influence on the life of the Danish people and, particularly, the conditions of the peasantry, made him very popular. He was the brother of Johan Ludvig Reventlow which in the late 1700s served as his colleague, of salonist Louise Stolberg, who was his intellectual partner and opponent through their extensive mail correspondence, and of Commodore Conrad Georg Reventlow.\nC. D. F. Reventlow was one of the politicians behind the dissolution of the stavnsb\u00e5nd, which was a serfdom-like institution, bonding men between the ages of 18 and 36 to live on the estate where they were born. This dissolution is widely regarded as having been the work of Reventlow and his two good friends and colleagues Andreas Peter Bernstorff and Christian Colbj\u00f8rnsen.\nFrom 1789, Reventlow was a leading member of the school commission which prepared the Danish School Law of 1814, and he actively contributed to the establishment of teacher seminars. Within the field of forestry, Reventlow was the pioneer behind the \"Fredsskovforordning\" of 1805, which ensured that new trees was strategically planted as logging was carried out. On his own estates, he practiced his political ideas long before they were made laws - moreover, he founded schools, abolished the Danish version of Corv\u00e9e - hoveri - in 1797, he was appointed Minister of the State - statsminister.\nReventlow's criticism of king Frederik's foreign and economic politics, which later led to war with England and state bankruptcy, increased the distance between him and the king. In 1813, he left his political offices - after having been President of the Danish Exchequer for 29 years - as a protest against the Decree of the State Bankruptcy. He was formally a member of the Council of State - the konseil, but he did not participate in the Council's meetings.\nReventlow retreated to his Lolland estates, where he, probably being his own architect, erected the main building of Pederstrup and lived a peaceful life, although still actively working with the development of his estates. When the old statesman died in 1827, he was greatly honoured for having fought for civil liberty and the rights of the common people, and for having commenced the agrarian reforms.", "Q493738": "Andrea De Carlo (born December 11, 1952 in Milan) is an Italian novelist.", "Q222800": "Knocked Up is a 2007 American romantic comedy film written, directed, and co-produced by Judd Apatow, and starring Seth Rogen, Katherine Heigl, Paul Rudd, and Leslie Mann. It follows the repercussions of a drunken one-night stand between a slacker and a just-promoted media personality that results in an unintended pregnancy.\nThe film was released on June 1, 2007 to box office success, grossing $219 million worldwide, and acclaim from critics. A spin-off sequel, This Is 40, was released in 2012.", "Q91322": "Ferdinand Simoneit (June 14, 1925; Duisburg \u2013 April 3, 2010; L\u00f6ffingen) was a German journalist, author, professor and World War II veteran.", "Q310695": "The Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt (Technical University of Darmstadt or unofficially Darmstadt University of Technology), commonly referred to as TU Darmstadt, is a research university in the city of Darmstadt, Germany. It was founded in 1877 and received the right to award doctorates in 1899. In 1882, it was the first university in the world to set up a chair in electrical engineering. In 1883, the university founded the first faculty of electrical engineering and introduced the world's first degree course in electrical engineering. In 2004, it became the first German university to be declared as an autonomous university. TU Darmstadt has assumed a pioneering role in Germany. Computer science, electrical engineering, artificial intelligence, mechatronics, business informatics, political science and many more courses were introduced as scientific disciplines in Germany by Darmstadt faculty.TU Darmstadt founded the IT-Cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar, the \"Silicon Valley of Germany\". The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, the Goethe University Frankfurt and the Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt together form the Rhine-Main-Universities (RMU). TU Darmstadt is a member of TU9, a network of the most notable German Technische Universit\u00e4ten (universities of technology) and of the Top Industrial Managers for Europe network, which allows for student exchanges between leading engineering schools.\nAccording to the German Research Foundation, TU Darmstadt is the best university in Germany for computer science. The university received the highest number of competitive grants in the field of computer science from the German Research Foundation and thus ranked first. TU Darmstadt together with the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence were selected as partner of the German \"Federal Government's Artifical Intelligence (AI) Strategy\". TU Darmstadt operates the ATHENE, the largest research institute for cybersecurity in Europe.Graduates of TU Darmstadt include Nobel Prize winners, entrepreneurs, managers, billionaires and politicians. As of September 2019, the university is associated with 4 Nobel laureates and 3 Wolf Prize in Physics laureates. For several years, TU Darmstadt has been one of the universities with the most top managers in the German economy. The university is currently among the top 3. The graduates include Oliver Zipse, Peter Gr\u00fcnberg, Chaim Weizmann and John Tu. Nobel laureate Albert Einstein recommended this university.Since 2013, 95 companies have been founded in the vicinity of the university.", "Q301940": "Aaron Douglas (born August 23, 1971) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his role as Galen Tyrol on the Sci Fi Channel's television program Battlestar Galactica.\nHe headlined on the CTV drama The Bridge, which was also picked up by CBS for broadcast in the United States. Douglas played Frank Leo, a charismatic police union leader who is simultaneously battling criminals on the street while facing down corruption within the ranks of his own department. CBS ordered thirteen episodes, which began production in May 2009 but was dropped after showing just three episodes. Douglas starred alongside fellow Battlestar Galactica actor Paul Campbell in a Syfy original movie, Killer Mountain, which premiered August 27, 2011.", "Q535666": "Sir Eric James Neal, (born 24 June 1924) is a retired Australian businessman and public officer. He is a former Governor of South Australia (1996\u20132001), Commissioner of Sydney (1987\u20131988), and Chancellor of Flinders University (2002\u20132010).\n\n", "Q204192": "Alejandro Ulloa (22 October 1910-27 April 2004) was a Spanish actor.\nHe was born in Madrid on 22 October 1910. He owned a theater company and in 1943, while working as a voice actor, he was the director of Metro Goldwin Mayer in Barcelona. His role debut was El Tenorio by Jos\u00e9 Zorrilla at Teatro Romea.He lived in Barcelona until the Spanish Civil War, when he moved to America with his company and Paquita Ferr\u00e1ndiz. When he came back to Spain he appeared in the spaghetti western Abre tu fosa, amigo... llega S\u00e1bata (1971), by Ignacio F. Iquino. He also appeared in Es peligroso asomarse al exterior and he was the cinematographer of Las chicas de la Cruz Roja, El d\u00eda de los enamorados and Las de Ca\u00edn.He died on 27 April 2004 in Hospital de Barcelona after being bedridden for seven months due to a fall.", "Q101734": "Antje Nikola M\u00f6nning (born 2 February 1978) is a German actress.\nBorn in L\u00fcdinghausen, M\u00f6nning studied acting from 1999 until 2002 at the actors' studio Schauspiel M\u00fcnchen. Her first television role was in the 2003 crime series Die Wache on RTL. This was followed by a string of other supporting and leading roles on German television, most notably in 2008 and 2009 as a nun in the ARD series Um Himmels Willen. Apart from her television and film work, she also played on several German and other European stages and toured the US with a musical. After appearing throughout her career in several short films, she co-produced and played a lead role in the 2009 film Engel mit schmutzigen Fl\u00fcgeln (lit.: Angel With Dirty Wings), directed by Roland Reber. In 2009, M\u00f6nning was jury member at the Sitges Film Festival, Spain.\nShe confirmed living together with Roland Reber, his wife and the actress Marina Anna Eich. M\u00f6nning coproduced and played a leading role Roland Reber's 2012 film Die Wahrheit der L\u00fcge (The Truth of Lie).", "Q575242": "Jimmie Selph (June 23, 1915 \u2013 December 28, 2000), born James Coin Self, was a versatile American country music, rockabilly and bluegrass musician and occasional vocalist whose career peaked during the late 1940s\u20131950s. He played guitar, drums, accordion, and steel guitar. His names are occasionally seen professionally as variously Jimmy and/or Self.", "Q22665": "Futabatei Shimei (\u4e8c\u8449\u4ead \u56db\u8ff7, 4 April 1864 \u2013 10 May 1909) was a Japanese author, translator, and literary critic. Born Hasegawa Tatsunosuke (\u9577\u8c37\u5ddd \u8fb0\u4e4b\u52a9) in Edo (now Tokyo), Futabatei's works are in the realist style popular in the mid- to late-19th century. His work Ukigumo (Floating Clouds, 1887) is widely hailed as Japan's first modern novel.", "Q118265": "Thomas Grossmann (born 1 June 1951 in Hamburg, West Germany) is a psychologist, psychotherapist and author.", "Q64630": "Waldkirch is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of St. Gallen in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q222633": "Stimulantia is a 1967 Swedish anthology film directed by Hans Abramson, Hans Alfredson, Arne Arnbom, Tage Danielsson, Lars G\u00f6rling, Ingmar Bergman, J\u00f6rn Donner, Gustaf Molander, and Vilgot Sj\u00f6man.", "Q461545": "Samanta Villar Fit\u00f3 (born September 16, 1975, Barcelona) is a Spanish journalist.\nShe studied Journalism at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (postgraduate course in Actors' Direction at the Ramon Llull University) and drama with Nancy Mu\u00f1\u00f3n.\nShe started her professional career as a production assistant at TV3.\n\n", "Q312082": "Lazare Ponticelli (born Lazzaro Ponticelli, 24 December 1897, later mistranscribed as 7 December \u2013 12 March 2008), Knight of Vittorio Veneto, was at 110, the last surviving officially recognized veteran of the First World War from France and the last poilu of its trenches to die.Born in Italy, he travelled on his own to France at the age of eight. Aged 16, he lied about his age in order to join the French Army at the start of the war in 1914, before being transferred against his will to the Italian Army the following year. After the war, he and his brothers founded the piping and metal work company Ponticelli Fr\u00e8res (Ponticelli Brothers), which produced supplies for the Second World War effort and as of 2017 was still in business. He also worked with the French Resistance against the Nazis.\nPonticelli was the oldest living man of Italian birth and the oldest man living in France at the time of his death. Every Armistice Day until 2007 he attended ceremonies honoring deceased veterans. In his later years, he criticized war, and stored his awards from the First World War in a shoe box. While he felt unworthy of the state funeral the French government offered him, he eventually accepted one. However, he asked that the procession emphasise the common soldiers who died on the battlefield. French president Nicolas Sarkozy honored his wish and dedicated a plaque to them at the procession.", "Q3297386": "Norbert Rillieux (March 17, 1806 \u2013 October 8, 1894) was an American-French inventor who was widely considered one of the earliest chemical engineers and noted for his pioneering invention of the multiple-effect evaporator. This invention was an important development in the growth of the sugar industry. Rillieux, a French-speaking Creole, was a cousin of the painter Edgar Degas.\n\n", "Q50595": "YG Entertainment (Korean: YG \uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8) is a South Korean entertainment company established in 1996 by Yang Hyun-suk. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. In addition, the company operates a number of subsidiary ventures under a separate public traded company, YG PLUS, which includes a clothing line, a golf management agency, and a cosmetics brand.Current artists include Big Bang, Dara, Akdong Musician, Winner, iKon, Blackpink, Sechs Kies, Jinusean and Treasure as well as actors and actresses including Kang Dong-won, Choi Ji-woo, Cha Seung-won, Lee Sung-kyung, Nam Joo-hyuk, and Yoo In-na. Other notable artists include Somi and Anda who are under YG Entertainment's subsidiaries The Black Label and YGX respectively.\nFormer artists include Wheesung, Epik High, 1TYM, Gummy, Seven, Minzy, Park Bom, 2NE1, Nam Tae-hyun, Lee Jong-suk, Psy, Seungri, B.I, One, CL, and Lee Hi.", "Q740255": "Leonas Bistras (20 October 1890 in Liep\u0101ja \u2013 17 October 1971 in Kaunas) was one of the most prominent Lithuanian politicians of the interwar period. A Christian Democrat, he rose to the peak of his career in 1925, when he was appointed as the Prime Minister of Lithuania. Bistras also headed the ministries of education, defense and foreign affairs in several different governments throughout 1920s and 1930s and twice served as the speaker of the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. After the 1926 Lithuanian coup d'\u00e9tat and the subsequent fall of parliamentary democracy, Bistras led the Christian Democrats and, despite persecution, acted as an outspoken leader of the opposition to the authoritarian President Antanas Smetona.\nAfter the Soviet occupation and annexation of Lithuania, Bistras was arrested, sentenced without a trial and deported from Lithuania, only returning permanently after the death of Josef Stalin. Bistras lived the remaining years of his life in obscurity and poverty, supported only by the local people of Kaunas.", "Q229766": "Shohreh Aghdashloo (Persian: \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0648\u200e, pronounced [\u0283oh\u02c8\u027ee \u0252\u0262d\u0252\u0283\u02c8lu\u02d0]) (born Shohreh Vaziri-Tabar; May 11, 1952) is an Iranian-American actress. Following numerous starring roles on the stage, her first major film role was in The Report (Goz\u0101resh) (1977) directed by Abbas Kiarostami, which won the Critics Award at the Moscow Film Festival. Her next film was Shatranje Bad (Chess of the Wind), directed by Mohammad Reza Aslani, which screened at several film festivals. Both films were banned in her home country; but, in 1978, Aghdashloo won acclaim for her performance in Sooteh Delan (Broken-Hearted), directed by Ali Hatami, which established her as one of Iran's leading actresses.\nAfter establishing a theatre and film career in Iran, Aghdashloo moved to England during the Iranian Revolution in 1979, subsequently becoming a U.S. citizen. After several years playing small roles in television and film, her performance in House of Sand and Fog (2003) brought her several film critics' awards and a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She has continued to play supporting and character roles in film and television, including a starring role as Chrisjen Avasarala on The Expanse (2015\u2013present), and won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her work in the HBO original miniseries House of Saddam (2008). In 2013, she released her autobiography, titled The Alley of Love and Yellow Jasmines.", "Q61990": "Johannes Jacob Hegetschweiler (4 December 1789, Rifferswil \u2013 9 September 1839, Z\u00fcrich) was a Swiss physician and botanist. He is remembered for his investigations of Alpine vegetation.", "Q709133": "Warren Mercer Oates (July 5, 1928 \u2013 April 3, 1982) was an American actor best known for his performances in several films directed by Sam Peckinpah, including The Wild Bunch (1969) and Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia (1974). One of his most powerful performances was as officer Sam Wood in 1967's \"In The Heat of the Night\". Oates starred in numerous films during the early 1970s that have since achieved cult status, such as The Hired Hand (1971), Two-Lane Blacktop (1971), and Race with the Devil (1975). Oates also portrayed John Dillinger in the biopic Dillinger (1973) and as the supporting character U.S. Army Sergeant Hulka in the military comedy Stripes (1981). Another notable appearance was in the classic New Zealand film Sleeping Dogs (1977), in which he played the commander of the American forces in the country.", "Q4285725": "Sergei Vladimirovich Makhlai (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447) is a Russian businessman who has been the chairman of TogliattiAzot, one of the world's largest producers of ammonia, since 2011.", "Q66027": "Diana Amft (born 7 November 1975 in G\u00fctersloh, North Rhine-Westphalia) is an award winning German film and television actress. She is best known for playing Gretchen Haase in the RTL sitcom Doctor's Diary.", "Q69314": "Hannelore \"Loki\" Schmidt (n\u00e9e Glaser; 3 March 1919 \u2013 21 October 2010) was a German environmentalist. She was the wife of Helmut Schmidt, who was the Chancellor of Germany from 1974 to 1982.\n\n", "Q699534": "Arrested Development is an American hip hop group that formed in Atlanta in 1988. It was founded by Speech and Headliner as a positive, Afrocentric alternative to the gangsta rap popular in the late 1980s. Baba Oje and Speech met at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee when they were both students. Baba Oje was 57 years old at the time.", "Q132498": "Rod Michael (born February 17, 1985) is an American pop singer. He signed with BMG Deutschland GmbH (German arm of BMG) in 2001.", "Q66741": "Giebenach is a municipality in the district of Liestal in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q210681": "20,000 Years in Sing Sing is a 1932 American Pre-Code drama film set in Sing Sing Penitentiary, the maximum security prison in Ossining, New York, starring Spencer Tracy as an inmate and Bette Davis as his girlfriend. It was directed by Michael Curtiz and based upon the nonfiction book Twenty Thousand Years in Sing Sing, written by Lewis E. Lawes, the warden of Sing Sing from 1920 to 1941.\nThe film was remade by First National Pictures as Castle on the Hudson in 1940, starring John Garfield, Ann Sheridan, and Pat O'Brien.", "Q230551": "Sarah Chang (Korean: \uc7a5\uc601\uc8fc; born Young Joo Chang; December 10, 1980) is a Korean American classical violinist. Recognized as a child prodigy, she first played as a soloist with the New York Philharmonic and the Philadelphia Orchestra in 1989. She enrolled at Juilliard School to study music, graduated in 1999, and continued university studies. Especially during the 1990s and 2000s, Chang had major roles as a soloist with many of the world's major orchestras.", "Q187545": "Tantoo Cardinal, CM is a Canadian film and television actress.", "Q686372": "Liberal Democracy (French: D\u00e9mocratie Lib\u00e9rale, DL) was a conservative-liberal political party in France existing between 1997 and 2002. Headed by Alain Madelin, the party replaced the Republican Party, which was the classical liberal component of the Union for French Democracy (UDF).", "Q3798": "Flensburg (Danish, Low Saxon: Flensborg; North Frisian: Flansborj; South Jutlandic: Flensborre) is an independent town (kreisfreie Stadt) in the north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. Flensburg is the centre of the region of Southern Schleswig. After Kiel and L\u00fcbeck, it is the third largest town in Schleswig-Holstein.\nIn May 1945, Flensburg was the seat of the last government of Nazi Germany, the so-called Flensburg government led by Karl D\u00f6nitz, which was in power from 1 May, the announcement of Hitler's death, for one week, until German armies surrendered and the town was occupied by Allied troops. The regime was officially dissolved on 23 May.\nThe nearest larger towns are Kiel (86 kilometres (53 miles) south) and Odense in Denmark (92 km (57 mi) northeast).\nFlensburg's city centre lies about 7 km (4 mi) from the Danish border.\nIn Germany, Flensburg is known for\n\nthe Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (roughly: National Driver and Vehicle Register) with its Verkehrss\u00fcnderkartei (literally: \"traffic sinner card file\")\nits beer Flensburger Pilsener, also called \"Flens\"\nthe centre of the Danish national minority in Germany\nthe greeting Moin Moin\nthe large erotic mail-order companies Beate Uhse and Orion\nits handball team SG Flensburg-Handewitt\nthe Naval Academy at M\u00fcrwik with its sail training ship Gorch Fock", "Q295847": "George Richard Chamberlain (born March 31, 1934) is an American actor and singer, who became a teen idol in the title role of the television show Dr. Kildare (1961\u20131966). He subsequently appeared in several TV mini-series, such as Sh\u014dgun (1980) and The Thorn Birds (1983), and was the first actor to play Jason Bourne (in the 1988 film The Bourne Identity). Chamberlain has also performed classical stage roles and worked in musical theatre.", "Q284792": "Ainsworth Rand Spofford (September 12, 1825 \u2013 August 11, 1908) was an American journalist and the sixth Librarian of Congress.", "Q380286": "Pavel Nikolayevich Milyukov (Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0435\u043b \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u043b\u044e\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432, IPA: [m\u02b2\u026al\u02b2\u028a\u02c8kof]; 27 January [O.S. 15 January] 1859 \u2013 31 March 1943) was a Russian historian and liberal politician. Milyukov was the founder, leader, and the most prominent member of the Constitutional Democratic party (known as the Kadets). In the Russian Provisional Government, he served as Foreign Minister, working to prevent Russia's exit from the First World War.", "Q455186": "Henricus Cornelis Maria \"Henk\" Krol (Dutch pronunciation: [\u0266\u025bn\u02c8rik\u028fs k\u0254r\u02c8ne\u02d0l\u026as ma\u02d0\u02c8ria\u02d0 \u02c8\u0266\u025bnk \u02c8kr\u0254l]; born 1 April 1950) is a Dutch journalist, publisher, entrepreneur, activist, and politician of 50PLUS. He is the parliamentary leader of 50PLUS in the House of Representatives and a Member of the House of Representatives since 10 September 2014. Krol has been the leader of 50PLUS since 8 October 2016.", "Q264100": "Joseph Hill (22 January 1949 \u2013 19 August 2006) was the lead singer and songwriter for the roots reggae group Culture, most famous for their 1977 hit \"Two Sevens Clash\", but also well known for their \"International Herb\" single. Hill recorded twenty-two albums.\n\n", "Q202285": "William Frederick \"Buffalo Bill\" Cody (February 26, 1846 \u2013 January 10, 1917) was an American soldier, bison hunter, and showman. He was born in Le Claire, Iowa Territory (now the U.S. state of Iowa), but he lived for several years in his father's hometown in Toronto Township, Ontario, Canada, before the family returned to the Midwest and settled in the Kansas Territory.\nBuffalo Bill started working at the age of eleven, after his father's death, and became a rider for the Pony Express at age 15. During the American Civil War, he served the Union from 1863 to the end of the war in 1865. Later he served as a civilian scout for the US Army during the Indian Wars, receiving the Medal of Honor in 1872.\nOne of the most famous and well-known figures of the American Old West, Buffalo Bill's legend began to spread when he was only 23. Shortly thereafter he started performing in shows that displayed cowboy themes and episodes from the frontier and Indian Wars. He founded Buffalo Bill's Wild West in 1883, taking his large company on tours in the United States and, beginning in 1887, in Great Britain and continental Europe.\n\n", "Q306791": "Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein is a 1948 American horror comedy film directed by Charles Barton and starring the comedy team of Abbott and Costello.\nThe picture is the first of several films in which the comedy duo meets classic characters from Universal's horror film stable. In this film, they encounter Count Dracula (Bela Lugosi), Frankenstein's monster (Glenn Strange), and the Wolf Man (Lon Chaney Jr.). Subsequent films pair the duo with the Invisible Man, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and the Mummy. (The comedians interacted with the last of the Universal Studios monsters, the Creature from the Black Lagoon, on live television on the Colgate Comedy Hour in 1954.) This film is considered the swan song for the \"Big Three\" Universal horror monsters, none of whom had appeared in a Universal film since House of Dracula (1945).\nIn 2001, the United States Library of Congress deemed this film \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry, and in September 2007, Reader's Digest selected the movie as one of the top 100 funniest films of all time. The film is number 56th on the list of the American Film Institute's \"100 Funniest American Movies\".", "Q438356": "Henry Howard (April 2, 1826 \u2013 September 22, 1905) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as the 32nd Governor of Rhode Island from 1873 to 1875.", "Q64156": "Arbon is a historic town and a municipality and district capital of the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.\nArbon is located on the southern shore of Lake Constance, on a railway line between Konstanz/Romanshorn and Rorschach/Chur, or St. Gallen, respectively.\nIt is the site of prehistoric settlements reaching back 6,5000 years. Elements of the castle on the peninsula were part of a Late Roman defensive fortification that developed into a medieval town in the first half of the thirteenth century.The official language of Arbon is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q1530269": "Jaan Manitski (born 7 March 1942 in Viinistu) is an Estonian businessman, politician and art collector. He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia in 1992.\n\n", "Q3094145": "Gabrielle Rose (born 1954) is a Canadian film and stage actress.", "Q2334704": "Nahum Levin (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05dc\u05d5\u05d9\u05df, born 8 June 1905, died 8 June 1967) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Herut and Gahal from 1955 until 1965.\n\n", "Q213388": "Aqua is a Danish-Norwegian Europop music group, best known for their 1997 multi-platinum crossover single \"Barbie Girl\". The group formed in 1989 and achieved crossover success around the globe in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The group released three albums: Aquarium in 1997, Aquarius in 2000 and Megalomania in 2011. The group sold an estimated 33 million albums and singles, making them the most profitable Danish band ever.The group managed to top the UK Singles Chart with three of their singles. The group also caused controversy with the double entendres in their \"Barbie Girl\" single, with the Barbie doll makers Mattel filing a lawsuit against the group. The lawsuit was finally dismissed by a judge in 2002, who ruled \"The parties are advised to chill.\"The band's members are vocalists Lene Nystr\u00f8m and Ren\u00e9 Dif, keyboardist S\u00f8ren Rasted, and guitarist Claus Norreen. During their split, Nystr\u00f8m, Dif and Rasted all achieved solo chart success, and Norreen continued in the music industry remixing other artists' material. At a press event on 26 October 2007, the group announced a reunion tour, as well as the release of a compilation album featuring new material. Their third album, Megalomania, was released on 3 October 2011.", "Q65248": "Andreas Peter Bernstorff (28 August 1735 \u2013 21 June 1797), also known as Andreas Peter Graf von Bernstorff, was a Danish diplomat and Foreign Minister. He was a guardian of civil and political liberty.", "Q1701018": "John Matthew McCoy (born c. 1950, in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England), is an English bass guitarist, who is best known for his work with Ian Gillan and Mammoth as well as numerous other bands and sessions since the late 1960s. He currently plays in British rock trio Guy McCoy Torm\u00e9 with former Gillan/Ozzy guitarist Bernie Torm\u00e9 and Bruce Dickinson/Sack Trick drummer Robin Guy. He is also an accomplished guitar, drum, trumpet, cello, and double bass player. Nearly as well known as his music is his appearance: he is always pictured wearing sunglasses, with the striking contrast of bald head and robust chin beard. Along with guitarist Vic Elmes and ZZebra colleague Liam Genockey on drums, McCoy can also be heard playing in the intro and end titles theme of the 1970s cult TV series Space: 1999.", "Q714162": "John Lawrence Seigenthaler (; July 27, 1927 \u2013 July 11, 2014) was an American journalist, writer, and political figure. He was known as a prominent defender of First Amendment rights.Seigenthaler joined the Nashville newspaper The Tennessean in 1949, resigning in 1960 to act as Robert F. Kennedy's administrative assistant. He rejoined The Tennessean as editor in 1962, publisher in 1973, and chairman in 1982 before retiring as chairman emeritus in 1991. Seigenthaler was also founding editorial director of USA Today from 1982 to 1991. During this period, he served on the board of directors for the American Society of Newspaper Editors, and from 1988 to 1989 was its president.", "Q15977": "Meppen is a town in and the seat of the Emsland district of Lower Saxony, Germany, at the confluence of the Ems, Hase, and Nordradde rivers and the Dortmund-Ems canal (DEK). The name stems from the word Mappe, meaning \"delta\".", "Q306785": "Pardon My Sarong is a 1942 comedy film starring Abbott and Costello.", "Q117624": "Heinrich Zoelly (1862\u20131937) was a Mexican-Swiss engineer. He developed steam turbines and turbine-driven locomotives and patented the geothermal heat pump in 1912.", "Q1689244": "Jim Ronald White (born 1962) is an Australian drummer, songwriter, and producer. In 1992 he formed Dirty Three, an instrumental rock band, with fellow mainstays Warren Ellis on violin; and Mick Turner on guitar. In Dirty Three, White shares songwriting duties with Ellis and Turner. \nWhite has also played with various other artists including PJ Harvey, Bonnie Prince Billy, Cat Power, Courtney Barnett & Kurt Vile, Smog, The Blackeyed Susans, Kim Salmon's STM, Venom P. Stinger, The Tren Brothers,and Nina Nastasia. \nWhite currently records and performs with Xylouris White, a duo formed with Cretan lute player Giorgos Xylouris.", "Q316596": "Justin Paul Theroux (; born August 10, 1971) is an American actor, film producer, director, and screenwriter. He gained recognition for his work with director David Lynch in the mystery film Mulholland Drive (2001) and the thriller film Inland Empire (2006). He also appeared in the films American Psycho (2000), Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003), The Girl on the Train (2016), and The Spy Who Dumped Me (2018).\nTheroux is further known as a screenwriter for films such as the action comedy Tropic Thunder (2008), the superhero film Iron Man 2 (2010), and the musical comedy-drama Rock of Ages (2012). He made his directorial debut with the romantic comedy film Dedication (2007).\nTheroux starred as Kevin Garvey in the HBO mystery drama series The Leftovers (2014\u20132017), for which he was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series. He also starred as Dr. James Mantleray in the Netflix comedy-drama miniseries Maniac (2018).", "Q2934868": "Camille Bordage (March 23, 1905 \u2013 July 12, 1997) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1964 to 1967 as member of the Liberal party.", "Q392696": "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a 2003 American slasher film directed by Marcus Nispel, written by Scott Kosar, and starring Jessica Biel, Jonathan Tucker, Erica Leerhsen, Mike Vogel, Eric Balfour and R. Lee Ermey. Its plot follows a group of young adults traveling through rural Texas who encounter Leatherface and his murderous family. It is a remake of Tobe Hooper's 1974 film of the same name, and the fifth installment in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise. Several crew members of the original film were involved with the project: Hooper and writer Kim Henkel served as co-producers; Daniel Pearl returned as cinematographer; and John Larroquette reprised his voice narration for the opening intertitles.\nThe film was released in the United States on October 17, 2003, and grossed $107 million at the U.S. box office. It is considered one of the most commercially successful horror film remakes of the 21st century, despite receiving mixed-negative reviews. A prequel was released in 2006, titled The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning. The Texas Chainsaw Massacre was the first film to be produced by Platinum Dunes, who would go on to produce remakes of several other poorly received 20th-century horror films.", "Q158133": "Nils Lennart Johansson (5 November 1929 \u2013 4 June 2019) was a Swedish sports official who served as the fifth and, to date, the longest serving president of UEFA, the Union of European Football Associations. He served in the position from his election at UEFA's Malta Congress in 1990 until 2007. In June 1998, he contested the FIFA presidential election against Sepp Blatter, losing by 111 votes to 80.", "Q3570020": "World War II: When Lions Roared (also known as Then There Were Giants) is a 1994 American war television miniseries, directed by Joseph Sargent, and starring Michael Caine, John Lithgow and Bob Hoskins as the three major Allied leaders, Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill respectively. \nIt was notable as the first video production to be produced in an early form of analog high-definition video using the Sony HDVS line of equipment expressly for broadcast in the United States on the NBC television network.", "Q157200": "Zittau (Czech: \u017ditava, Polish: \u017bytawa, Upper Sorbian: \u017ditawa) is a city in the south east of the Free State of Saxony, Germany, very close to the border tripoint of Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic. It is part of the District of G\u00f6rlitz. As of 31 July 2012, the city had a population of 27,506.The inner city of Zittau still shows its original beauty with many houses from several periods of German architecture: the famous town hall built in an Italian style, the church of St John and the stables (Salzhaus) with its medieval heritage. This multi-storied building is one of the oldest of its kind in Germany.", "Q933846": "Willie Weeks (born August 5, 1947) is an American bass guitarist. He has gained fame performing with famous musicians in a wide variety of genres. He has been one of the most in-demand session musicians throughout his career. Weeks has also gained fame touring with many of rock's heavyweights throughout his career. In 2006\u20132007 he was most visible as the chosen bassist for Eric Clapton's house band, during his world tour with the Crossroads Guitar Festival.\n\n", "Q76546": "Emil Erich K\u00e4stner (German: [\u02c8\u0294e\u02d0\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8k\u025bstn\u0250]; 23 February 1899 \u2013 29 July 1974) was a German author, poet, screenwriter and satirist, known primarily for his humorous, socially astute poems and for children's books including Emil and the Detectives. He received the international Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1960 for his autobiography Als ich ein kleiner Junge war. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times.", "Q5506238": "Frosty the Snowman is a 1969 Japanese/American animated Christmas television special produced by Rankin/Bass Productions and currently distributed by Universal Television. It is the first television special featuring the character Frosty the Snowman. The special first aired on December 7, 1969, on the CBS television network in the United States; it has aired annually for the network's Christmas and holiday season every year since, with Freeform sharing the rights to the special with CBS beginning in 2019. The special was based on the Walter E. Rollins and Steve Nelson song of the same name. It featured the voices of comedians Jimmy Durante as the film's narrator (in what would be Durante's final performance in a film), Billy De Wolfe as Professor Hinkle the Magician, and Jackie Vernon as Frosty.The special's story follows a group of school children who build a snowman called Frosty and place a magic hat on his head, which makes him come to life with enchanted power. But after noticing the high hot temperature and fearing that he would melt, Frosty, along with a young girl named Karen and a rabbit named Hocus Pocus, must go to the North Pole to be safe from melting.\nArthur Rankin Jr. and Jules Bass wanted to give the show and its characters the look of a Christmas card, so Paul Coker Jr., a greeting card and Mad magazine artist, was hired to do the character and background drawings. The animation was produced by Mushi Production in Tokyo, Japan, with Hanna-Barbera staffer Yusaku \"Steve\" Nakagawa and then-Mushi staffer Osamu Dezaki (who is uncredited) among the animation staff. Durante was one of the first people to record the song when it was released in 1950 (though at the time the song had slightly different lyrics); he re-recorded the song for the special.\nRankin/Bass veteran writer Romeo Muller adapted and expanded the story for television, as he had done with Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer.\nTV Guide ranked the special number 4 on its 10 Best Family Holiday Specials list.", "Q105220": "Otto Eduard Vincenz Ule (22 January 1820, in Lossow \u2013 7 August 1876, in Halle an der Saale) was a German writer, known for his popularization of natural sciences. He was the father of botanist Ernst Heinrich Georg Ule (1854\u20131915) and geographer Wilhelm Ule (1861\u20131940).\nFrom 1840 he studied at the University of Halle, first theology, and later mathematics and natural sciences, of which, he was a pupil of Hermann Burmeister. He then continued his education at the University of Berlin as a student of Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, and in 1845 received his master's degree from Halle. He then taught classes in natural sciences in Frankfurt an der Oder (from 1846) and at the agricultural college in Quetz, near Halle (1848\u201351). Afterwards, he devoted himself to private research and worked as a freelance writer. With Karl Johann August M\u00fcller and Emil Adolf Rossm\u00e4ssler, he was co-founder of the popular journal Die Natur (1852).He was politically active throughout his career \u2014 in the 1860s he founded an independent progress party for Halle and the Saalekreis. While serving as commandant of a volunteer fire-brigade, he was seriously injured by falling debris and died the following day.", "Q894435": "Boskops are a German punk band from Hannover. They were formerly named Blitzkrieg (German band).", "Q58863": "Wolfgang Kapp (24 July 1858 \u2013 12 June 1922) was a Prussian civil servant and journalist. He was a strict nationalist, and a failed leader of the so-called Kapp Putsch.\n\n", "Q365578": "Nathan Paul Myhrvold (born August 3, 1959), formerly Chief Technology Officer at Microsoft, is co-founder of Intellectual Ventures and the principal author of Modernist Cuisine and its successor books. Myhrvold was listed as co-inventor on 17 U.S. patents at Microsoft and is co-inventor on over 900 other U.S. patents issued to his corporation and its affiliates.", "Q247915": "Patrick Kennedy (born 26 August 1977) is an English actor and director.\nHe studied English Literature and Language at St John's College, Oxford and then attended LAMDA.\nKennedy's first screen role was in Peter Greenaway's The Tulse Luper Suitcases, followed by the role of Julian Bell in the BBC's Cambridge Spies.\nKennedy's first lead role was playing Richard Carstone in the BBC adaptation of Charles Dickens' Bleak House, and he followed this with roles in Joe Wright's Atonement, Steven Spielberg's Munich, Richard Linklater's Me and Orson Welles, and Michael Hoffman's The Last Station.\nKennedy recurred on the television series Boardwalk Empire in 2012, earning a nomination for Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series, and played the role of McKechnie in Parade's End, directed by Susanna White, written by Tom Stoppard.\nKennedy's recent television roles have included Neil in Peep Show (Season 8), the lead role in ITV's Murder on the Home Front, a lead opposite Brendan Gleeson in the HBO pilot The Money, Sampson in ITV's Downton Abbey, Jock Colville with Michael Gambon in Churchill's Secret, directed by Charles Sturridge, and recurring roles in Hulu's The First, Mrs Wilson for the BBC, and Allston Wheatley in Scott Frank's The Queen's Gambit for Netflix.\nKennedy\u2019s more recent film roles include Lieutenant Waverly in Steven Spielberg's War Horse, Roger Donaldson's November Man, Bill Condon's Mr Holmes (with Ian McKellen), Babak Najafi's London Has Fallen, Lt. Col. Guy L'Estrange in Mike Leigh's Peterloo; Edward Aveling opposite Romola Garai in Susanna Nicchiarelli's Miss Marx.\nKennedy's stage roles include Lysander in A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Bristol Old Vic (directed by David Farr); George Holly in Michael Grandage's production of Suddenly Last Summer with Diana Rigg and Victoria Hamilton in the West End; the lead role of Jonathan in Everything is Illuminated at The Hampstead Theatre; Camille in Therese Raquin, at the National Theatre, directed by Marianne Elliott; Tom in The Glass Menagerie, for Shared Experience; Oliver in Polly Stenham's No Quarter, directed by Jeremy Herrin at the Royal Court; Don Caspar in Anna Ziegler's Photograph 51, with Nicole Kidman, directed by Michael Grandage at the Noel Coward Theatre.\nIn 2017 Kennedy took the lead roles in Harold Pinter's The Lover and The Collection, directed by Michael Kahn for the Shakespeare Theatre Company, Lansburgh Theatre, Washington D.C.\nKennedy has worked on several films with the British artist Nathaniel Mellors, playing the recurring Neanderthal character Voggen Williams in The Sophisticated Neanderthal Interview, Neanderthal Container, and the pub lecher, Uncle Tommy, in the Ourhouse series\nIn 2018 Kennedy wrote and directed the short film The Human Voice, starring Rosamund Pike, adapted from the Jean Cocteau play La Voix Humaine.\nKennedy portrayed astronaut Michael Collins in the documentary of the Apollo 11 mission, 8 Days: To the Moon and Back, shown on BBC2 on 10 July 2019.\n\n", "Q2492": "Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (German: [\u02c8k\u0254n\u0281a\u02d0t \u02c8\u0294a\u02d0d\u0259na\u028a\u0250] (listen); 5 January 1876 \u2013 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1949 to 1963. He was co-founder and first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) (until 1966), a Christian Democratic party that under his leadership became one of the most influential parties in the country.\nIn the early years of the Federal Republic he switched focus from denazification to recovery and led his country from the ruins of World War II to becoming a productive and prosperous nation that forged close relations with France, the United Kingdom and the United States. During his years in power, West Germany achieved democracy, stability, international respect and economic prosperity (\"Wirtschaftswunder\", German for \"economic miracle\").Adenauer belied his age by his intense work habits and his uncanny political instinct. He displayed a strong dedication to a broad vision of market-based liberal democracy and anti-communism. A shrewd politician, Adenauer was deeply committed to a Western-oriented foreign policy and restoring the position of West Germany on the world stage. He worked to restore the West German economy from the destruction of World War II to a central position in Europe, presiding over the German Economic Miracle together with his Minister of Economics, Ludwig Erhard. He was a driving force in re-establishing national military forces (the Bundeswehr) in West Germany since 1955. Adenauer opposed rival East Germany and made his nation a member of NATO and a member of the Western Alliance.\nAdenauer, who was Chancellor until age 87, was dubbed \"Der Alte\" (\"the elder\"). British politician and historian Roy Jenkins says he was \"the oldest statesman ever to function in elected office.\" He remains the oldest head of government for a major country.A devout Roman Catholic and member of the Catholic Centre Party, he was a leading politician in the Weimar Republic, serving as Mayor of Cologne (1917\u20131933) and as president of the Prussian State Council (1922\u20131933).", "Q103651": "Alton Glenn Miller (March 1, 1904 \u2013 disappeared December 15, 1944) was an American big-band trombonist, arranger, composer, and bandleader in the swing era. He was the best-selling recording artist from 1939 to 1942, leading one of the best-known big bands. Miller's recordings include \"In the Mood\", \"Moonlight Serenade\", \"Pennsylvania 6-5000\", \"Chattanooga Choo Choo\", \"A String of Pearls\", \"At Last\", \"(I've Got a Gal In) Kalamazoo\", \"American Patrol\", \"Tuxedo Junction\", \"Elmer's Tune\", and \"Little Brown Jug\". In just four years Glenn Miller scored 16 number-one records and 69 top ten hits\u2014more than Elvis Presley (38 top 10s) and the Beatles (33 top 10s) did in their careers.\nWhile he was traveling to entertain U.S. troops in France during World War II, Miller's aircraft disappeared in bad weather over the English Channel.\n\n", "Q3087893": "Fifth Harmony, often shortened to 5H, is an American girl group based in Miami, composed of Ally Brooke, Normani, Dinah Jane, Lauren Jauregui, and previously Camila Cabello until her departure from the group in December 2016. The group signed a joint record deal with Simon Cowell's label Syco Records and L.A. Reid's label Epic Records after forming and finishing third in the second season of the American singing competition series The X Factor in 2012. Rising to prominence by social media, the group's debut extended play and their three studio albums all charted within the top ten of the Billboard 200 in the United States.\nFollowing their exit from The X Factor, they released their debut single \"Miss Movin' On\", preceding their extended play Better Together, certified gold in the United States. Its music video won the group the MTV Video Music Award for Artist to Watch. The group released their debut studio album Reflection in 2015, also receiving a gold certification in the country. The album included the singles \"Boss\", \"Sledgehammer\" and \"Worth It\". The latter achieved triple platinum certification in the United States and reached the top-ten in thirteen countries. The following year, \"Work from Home\", the lead single from their second album 7/27, became the group's first top-ten single on the Billboard Hot 100 and the first top-five by a girl group in a decade on that chart. They released their self-titled third album in 2017.\nTheir accolades include three MTV Europe Music Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, four iHeartRadio Music Awards, an American Music Award, a Billboard Women in Music award and ten Teen Choice Awards. As of December 2016, in the United States, Fifth Harmony has sold a total of 456,000 albums, 7 million digital song downloads and earned 1.6 billion on-demand streams, according to Nielsen SoundScan. Billboard named them \"the biggest girl group of the 2010s.\" The group went on hiatus in May 2018, allowing the members to pursue solo projects.", "Q152378": "Ismail Abdel Salam Ahmed Haniyeh (Arabic: \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u200e, Isma\u02bb\u012bl Haniyya; sometimes transliterated as Haniya, Haniyah or Hanieh; Arabic pronunciation ; born 29 January 1962) is a senior political leader of Hamas and formerly one of two disputed Prime Ministers of the Palestinian National Authority. Haniyeh became prime minister after Hamas won the Palestinian legislative elections of 2006. President Mahmoud Abbas dismissed Haniyeh from office on 14 June 2007 at the height of the Fatah\u2013Hamas conflict, but Haniyeh did not acknowledge the decree and continued to exercise prime ministerial authority in the Gaza Strip. In September 2016, reports indicated Haniyeh would replace Khaled Meshaal as Chief of Hamas's Political Bureau. He was elected as Hamas political chief on 6 May 2017.", "Q434578": "Georgette Louise Meyer (March 14, 1918 \u2013 November 4, 1965) known as Dickey Chapelle was an American photojournalist known for her work as a war correspondent from World War II through the Vietnam War.", "Q201798": "Azymuth is a Brazilian jazz-funk trio formed in 1971. The original band members were the late Jose Roberto Bertrami (keyboards), plus Alex Malheiros (bass, guitars), and Ivan Conti (drums, percussion).", "Q303825": "Aavo Pikkuus (born 23 November 1954) is a retired Estonian cyclist. He was part of the Soviet team that won the 100 km team time trial at the 1976 Summer Olympics and 1977 UCI Road World Championships and finished second at the world championships in 1975 and 1978.Between 1974 and 1977 Pikkuus won four national (Soviet) titles in the road race. \nIn 1975 he finished third at the multistage Peace Race. He won that race in 1977 individually and in 1975 and 1977\u20131979 in the team competition; in 1977 he was leading the race from start to finish. He won the Circuit de la Sarthe in 1977 and Giro delle Regione in 1978.He retired from cycling in 1981 and for a few years successfully competed in auto rally. Later he owned a car shop, which burned down in the 1990s.Pikkuus is an honorary member of the Estonian Olympic Committee and was named Estonian Sportspersonality of the year five times (1974\u20131978). In 2001 he was awarded the Order of the Estonian Red Cross. He is married and has three daughters and a son.\n\n", "Q181646": "Jacqueline Caryl Dankworth (born 5 February 1963) is a British jazz singer. She is the daughter of jazz singer Cleo Laine and musician John Dankworth.", "Q571030": "George Henry Dern (September 8, 1872 \u2013 August 27, 1936) was an American politician, mining man, and businessman. He is probably best remembered for co-inventing the Holt\u2013Dern ore roasting process, as well as for his tenure as United States Secretary of War from 1933 to his death in 1936. He also served as the sixth Governor of Utah for eight years, from 1925 to 1933. Dern was a progressive politician who fought for tax reform, public education, and social welfare. He was an exceptional public speaker, able to captivate and entertain his audience, whether they were Progressives, Democrats, or Republicans.\n\n", "Q856006": "Charles James (C.J.) Box Jr. is an American author of over twenty novels. Box is the author of the Joe Pickett series, as well as several stand-alone novels, and a collection of short stories. The novels have been translated into 27 languages. Over ten million copies of his novels have been sold in the U.S. alone. The first novel in his Joe Pickett series, Open Season, was included in The New York Times list of \"Notable Books\" of 2001. Open Season, Blue Heaven, Nowhere To Run, and The Highway have been optioned for film and television. In March 2016, Off The Grid debuted at #1 on the New York Times Bestseller List.\n\n", "Q216582": "Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti (Italian: [fi\u02c8lippo tom\u02c8ma\u02d0zo mari\u02c8netti]; 22 December 1876 \u2013 2 December 1944) was an Italian poet, editor, art theorist, and founder of the Futurist movement. He was associated with the utopian and Symbolist artistic and literary community Abbaye de Cr\u00e9teil between 1907 and 1908. Marinetti is best known as the author of the first Futurist Manifesto, which was written and published in 1909, and also of the Fascist Manifesto.", "Q145162": "Zalman Aran (Hebrew: \u05d6\u05b7\u05dc\u05b0\u05de\u05b8\u05df \u05d0\u05b2\u05e8\u05b8\u05df, 1 March 1899 \u2013 6 September 1970) was a Zionist activist, educator and Israeli politician.\n\n", "Q153700": "Oriana Fallaci (Italian: [o\u02c8rja\u02d0na fal\u02c8la\u02d0t\u0283i]; 29 June 1929 \u2013 15 September 2006) was an Italian journalist, author, and political interviewer. A partisan during World War II, she had a long and successful journalistic career. Fallaci became famous worldwide for her coverage of war and revolution, and her \"long, aggressive and revealing interviews\" with many world leaders during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.\nHer book Interview with History contains interviews with Indira Gandhi, Golda Meir, Yasser Arafat, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Willy Brandt, Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and Henry Kissinger, South Vietnamese President Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u, and North Vietnamese General V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p during the Vietnam War. The interview with Kissinger was published in Playboy, with Kissinger describing himself as \"the cowboy who leads the wagon train by riding ahead alone on his horse\". Kissinger later wrote that it was \"the single most disastrous conversation I have ever had with any member of the press\". She also interviewed Deng Xiaoping, Andreas Papandreou, Ayatollah Khomeini, Haile Selassie, Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa, Muammar Gaddafi, Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba, M\u00e1rio Soares, Alfred Hitchcock, and many others.\nAfter retirement, she returned to the spotlight after writing a series of controversial articles and books critical of Islam that aroused condemnation as well as support.", "Q172916": "Pope John XXI (Latin: Ioannes XXI; c.\u20091215 \u2013 20 May 1277), born Peter Juliani (Latin: Petrus Iulianus; Portuguese: Pedro Juli\u00e3o), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 September 1276 to his death. Apart from Damasus I (from Roman Lusitania), he has been the only Portuguese pope. He is sometimes identified with the logician and herbalist Peter of Spain (Latin: Petrus Hispanus; Portuguese: Pedro Hispano), which would make him the only pope to have been a physician.\n\n", "Q313388": "Jonah Hill Feldstein (born December 20, 1983) is an American actor, director, producer, screenwriter, and comedian. Hill is known for his comedic roles in films including Superbad (2007), Knocked Up (2007), Forgetting Sarah Marshall (2008), Get Him to the Greek (2010), 21 Jump Street (2012), This Is the End (2013), and 22 Jump Street (2014), as well as his dramatic performances in Moneyball (2011) and The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), for which he received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor.\nHill ranked 28th on Forbes magazine's ranking of world's highest-paid actors from June 2014 to June 2015, bringing in $16 million. As a screenwriter, he contributed to the stories of 21 Jump Street, 22 Jump Street, Sausage Party and Why Him?. In 2018, Hill starred in the Netflix dark comedy miniseries Maniac and made his directorial debut with the film Mid90s, from his own screenplay.", "Q521607": "Alexandra Patsavas (born 1968) is an American music supervisor who has worked on over sixty films and television series, most notably The Twilight Saga, The O.C., Grey's Anatomy and Gossip Girl.", "Q1045401": "The Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (Spanish: Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribe\u00f1os; Portuguese: Comunidade de Estados Latino-Americanos e Caribenhos; French: Communaut\u00e9 des \u00c9tats latino-am\u00e9ricains et carib\u00e9ens; Dutch: Gemeenschap van Latijns-Amerikaanse en Cara\u00efbische Staten; CELAC) is a regional bloc of Latin American and Caribbean states thought out on February 23, 2010, at the Rio Group\u2013Caribbean Community Unity Summit, and created on December 3, 2011, in Caracas, Venezuela, with the signature of The Declaration of Caracas. It consists of 32 sovereign countries in the Americas. Due to the focus of the organization on Latin American and Caribbean countries, other countries and territories in the Americas, Brazil, Canada and the United States, as well as the overseas territories in the Americas of France (Overseas departments and territories of France), the Netherlands (Dutch Caribbean), Denmark (Greenland) and the United Kingdom (British Overseas Territories) are not included.CELAC is an example of a decade-long push for deeper integration within Latin America. CELAC was created to deepen Latin American integration and by some to reduce the significant influence of the United States on the politics and economics of Latin America. It is seen as an alternative to the Organization of American States (OAS), the regional body that was founded by United States and 21 other Latin American nations originally as a countermeasure to potential Soviet influence in the region.CELAC is the successor of the Rio Group and the Latin American and Caribbean Summit on Integration and Development (CALC). In July 2010, CELAC selected President of Venezuela Hugo Ch\u00e1vez and President of Chile Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era, as co-chairs of the forum to draft statutes for the organization.", "Q324524": "Ludwig II: Glanz und Ende eines K\u00f6nigs is a 1955 West German drama film directed by Helmut K\u00e4utner and starring O. W. Fischer. It was entered into the 1955 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q607678": "Leonard Barrie Corbin (born October 16, 1940) is an American actor. His most well-known role came in the television series Northern Exposure (1990\u20131995), for which he was consecutively nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards.", "Q3819379": "Antonio Cobas (Barcelona 1952 \u2013 April 14, 2004) was a Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle designer, constructor and mechanic who built world championship winning motorcycles. Cobas was credited with being the originator of the modern, aluminum frame chassis now used on many modern racing and production motorcycles.In the early 1980s, racing motorcycles still used steel-tubed frames developed in the 1950s. As motorcycle engine and tire technology progressed, motorcycle frames became more and more stressed. In 1982, Cobas developed a stronger and lighter aluminum twin-beam chassis to replace the steel backbone frames. The technology was copied by major motorcycle manufacturers and by the 1990s, all the major racing teams in Grand Prix competition used the aluminum frame design pioneered by Cobas.\n\nCobas began constructing racing motorcycles named Sirokas in 1978, which were successful in the Spanish road race national championships. In 1982, he created the Kobas brand motorcycle designing his own chassis powered by Rotax engines. Spanish rider Sito Pons rode a Kobas to a third place at the Finnish Grand Prix and followed that with a fourth place at the Czechoslovakian Grand Prix. The following year, Carlos Card\u00fas won the 250cc European Championship riding a Kobas.\nIn 1983, Cobas formed a new motorcycle company named JJ Cobas. Pons would ride a JJ Cobas motorcycle in the 1984 250cc world championship, garnering their first Grand Prix victory with a win at the Spanish Grand Prix and, ended the season in fourth place in the championship. Even greater success came in 1989 when a Cobas-designed motorcycle ridden by \u00c0lex Crivill\u00e9 won the 125cc world championship.When Pons moved to the Honda factory racing team in 1986, Cobas followed and served as Pons' crew chief. Pons retired as a competitor in 1991 and created the Pons Racing team, naming Cobas as Technical Director. In this role, he prepared motorcycles ridden to Grand Prix victories by Alberto Puig and Carlos Checa. He also rejoined Crivill\u00e9 during his world championship winning year in 1999.\nCobas died in 2004 at the age of 52.", "Q773853": "Venice is a residential, commercial, and recreational beachfront neighborhood within Los Angeles, California. It is located within the urban region of western Los Angeles County known as the Westside.\nVenice was founded in 1905 as a seaside resort town. It was an independent city until 1926, when it merged with Los Angeles. Venice is known for its canals, beaches, and the circus-like Ocean Front Walk, a two-and-a-half-mile (4.0 km) pedestrian promenade that features performers, fortune-tellers, artists and vendors. In the latter half of the 2010s, the neighborhood has faced severe gentrification that raised real-estate prices and pushed out many long-term inhabitants.", "Q2424994": "Roger William Allam (born 26 October 1953) is an English actor, known primarily for his stage career, although he has performed in film, television and radio.\nHe played Inspector Javert in the original London production of the stage musical Les Mis\u00e9rables, First Officer Douglas Richardson in the award-winning radio series Cabin Pressure, and DI Fred Thursday in the TV series Endeavour. He is also known for his roles as Illyrio Mopatis in the HBO series Game of Thrones, Royalton in Speed Racer, Lewis Prothero in the 2005 adaptation of V for Vendetta and as Peter Mannion MP in The Thick Of It.\nHe has been nominated four times for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor, winning twice.", "Q72046": "Kostja Ullmann (born May 30, 1984) is a German actor, best known for his leading role in the award-winning coming of age drama Sommersturm (Summer Storm) which gained a lot of praise throughout Europe.", "Q205298": "Alex Kurtagi\u0107 (born 1970) is an artist, cultural commentator, satirist, musician, novelist, and publisher, based in the UK. He is the founder of Supernal Music and various publishing houses. His writing has dealt with topics relating to culture, society, politics, music, and community relations in the contemporary West. He is known as a proponent of elitism and as a critic of conservatism. He is also known to have ties to racist and Neo-Nazi organisations.", "Q336120": "Shaikh Abu al-Faiz ibn Mubarak, popularly known by his pen-name, Faizi (20 September 1547 \u2013 15 October 1595) was a poet and scholar of late medieval India whose ancestors hailed from Yemen. In 1588, he became the Malik-ush-Shu'ara (poet laureate) of Akbar's Court. He was the elder brother of Akbar's historian Abul Fazl. Akbar highly recognised the genius in him and appointed him tutor for his sons and gave place to him among his decorative 'Navaratnas'.", "Q3851301": "Massimo Iosa Ghini (born June 18, 1959) is an Italian architect, designer and professor known for pioneering the Bolidist Movement, and for his involvement with the Memphis Group featuring others architects including Ettore Sottsass, Michael Graves. Iosa Ghini is known for his streamlined and organic designs, and is praised for his \u201cvisionary ability to blend disciplines, forms and dimensions crossing boundaries in art, design, and architecture.\u201d\nHe has worked prolifically throughout the world and has designed a large collection of furniture that mirrors the futuristic designs of his architectural work. In 1990 he started the Iosa Ghini Associati (Associates) Firm which today operates out of Milan, Bologna, Moscow and Miami.", "Q438424": "Marcello Gandini (born 26 August 1938) is an Italian car designer, known for his work with the automotive design house Gruppo Bertone, including his designs of the Lamborghini Miura, Countach and the Lamborghini Diablo. Gandini, along with noted Italian car designers Giorgetto Giugiaro and Leonardo Fioravanti, were all born in 1938, within months of each other.In a 2009 interview with Robert Cumberford, editor at Automobile Magazine, Gandini indicated \"his design interests are focused on vehicle architecture, construction, assembly, and mechanisms \u2013 not appearance.\" Gandini was one of twenty-five designers nominated for Car Designer of the Century.", "Q264672": "Marie Ruggeri, better known as Mary Christy, is a singer who represented Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest 1976 with the song \"Toi, la musique et moi\". Her entry received 93 points, ranking 3rd out of 18 participants.", "Q86879": "Wilhelm Loewe (14 November 1814 in Olvenstedt \u2013 2 November 1886 in Meran, County of Tyrol) was a German physician and Liberal politician, also called Wilhelm Loewe-Kalbe or Wilhelm Loewe von Kalbe.\nHe was president of the \"rump parliament\" remnant of the Frankfurt Parliament.", "Q609655": "Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski (30 December 1888, Krak\u00f3w \u2013 22 August 1974, Krak\u00f3w) was a Polish politician and economist, Deputy Prime Minister of Poland, government minister and manager of the Second Polish Republic.", "Q104670": "Christoph Maria Herbst (born 9 February 1966, in Wuppertal) is a German actor and comedian.", "Q92824": "Judea Pearl (born September 4, 1936) is an Israeli-American computer scientist and philosopher, best known for championing the probabilistic approach to artificial intelligence and the development of Bayesian networks (see the article on belief propagation). He is also credited for developing a theory of causal and counterfactual inference based on structural models (see article on causality). In 2011, the Association for Computing Machinery awarded Pearl with the Turing Award, the highest distinction in computer science, \"for fundamental contributions to artificial intelligence through the development of a calculus for probabilistic and causal reasoning\".Judea Pearl is the father of journalist Daniel Pearl, who was kidnapped and murdered by terrorists in Pakistan connected with Al-Qaeda and the International Islamic Front in 2002 for his American and Jewish heritage.", "Q903013": "Braz Roberto da Costa (born 1961), known professionally as Braz da Viola, is a Brazilian multi-instrumentalist musician, luthier, conductor and teacher. He runs workshops of viola caipira in several cities in Brazil. He played with several guitar players in Brazil, such as Roberto Corr\u00eaa, Paulo Freire, Renato Andrade, Pereira da Viola, Ivan Vilela and dual Z\u00e9 Mulato and Cassiano. He worked with Inezita Barroso, when the singer appeared accompanied by the Orquestra de Viola Caipira de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos.", "Q11293": "Schwelm is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis in the administrative region of Arnsberg within the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.", "Q1129295": "Mojang AB (from Swedish moj\u00e4ng [m\u028a\u02c8j\u025b\u014b\u02d0], lit.\u2009''gadget'') is a Swedish video game developer and a studio of Xbox Game Studios based in Stockholm. The studio was founded by Markus Persson in 2009 as Mojang Specifications, inheriting the name from a venture of the same name he left two years prior. Mojang began development on the sandbox video game Minecraft in 2009, which would become the best-selling video game of all time and establish a successful multimedia franchise. Mojang Specifications became Mojang in 2010. With a desire to move on from Minecraft, Persson sold Mojang to Xbox Game Studios (then called Microsoft Studios) in 2014, after which the studio developed the spin-offs Minecraft Earth and Minecraft Dungeons. In addition to the Minecraft franchise, Mojang developed the 2014 digital card game Caller's Bane and the 2016 turn-based strategy game Crown and Council, along with various games in Humble Bundle game jams.\nAs of 2016, Mojang employs 70 people in its Stockholm offices, including the leadership team composed of Jonas M\u00e5rtensson (chief executive officer), Vu Bui (chief operating officer), Karin Severinson (chief financial officer), and Rikard Herlitz (chief technology officer).", "Q559794": "Elihu Thomson (March 29, 1853 \u2013 March 13, 1937) was an English-born American engineer and inventor who was instrumental in the founding of major electrical companies in the United States, the United Kingdom and France.\n\n", "Q3458948": "Tony Hsieh ( shay; (Chinese: \u8b1d\u5bb6\u83ef; born December 12, 1973) is an American Internet entrepreneur and venture capitalist. He is the CEO of the online shoe and clothing company Zappos. Prior to joining Zappos, Hsieh co-founded the Internet advertising network LinkExchange, which he sold to Microsoft in 1998 for $265 million.", "Q152436": "Kfar Saba (Hebrew: \u05db\u05b0\u05bc\u05e4\u05b7\u05e8 \u05e1\u05b8\u05d1\u05b8\u05d0), officially Kefar Sava, is a city in the Sharon region, of the Central District of Israel. In 2019 it had a population of 110,456.", "Q68036": "Stefan Paul Andres (Dhr\u00f6nchen (a part of Trittenheim, Rhineland-Palatinate), 26 June 1906 \u2013 Rome, 29 June 1970) was a German novelist.\nHe was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.He was a widely read German writer in the post-World War II period.\n\n", "Q1994618": "Noah Dietrich (February 28, 1889 \u2013 February 15, 1982) was an American businessman, who was the chief executive officer of the Howard Hughes business empire from 1925 to 1957. (Even though these dates have been recorded as the official period of employment, Noah Dietrich continued to oversee and make executive decisions for the Hughes industries as late as 1970.) According to his own memoirs, he left the Hughes operation over a dispute involving putting more of his income on a capital gains basis. The manuscript of his eventual memoir, Howard: The Amazing Mr. Hughes, may have been a key, if inadvertent, source of novelist Clifford Irving's infamous fake autobiography of Hughes.", "Q164184": "Lars Anders Tomter (born 30 November 1959) is a Norwegian viola player.", "Q585827": "Brian \"Licorice\" Locking (born 22 December 1938) is an English musician and songwriter, who was briefly the bass guitarist with The Shadows, between 1962 and 1963.", "Q71567": "Oscar Blumenthal or Oskar Blumenthal (13 March 1852 Berlin - 24 April 1917, Berlin) was a German playwright and drama critic.", "Q102201": "Holger Ernst / HOLGERSON (born 1972) is a German script writer and film maker based in Berlin. He also lives in New York City and Los Angeles.", "Q85380": "Ursula Stenzel (born September 22, 1945 in Leopoldstadt, Vienna) is an Austrian politician who was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1996 to 2006. Until September 2015, she was a member of the Austrian People's Party. She is also a former member of the bureau of the European People's Party, and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs.\nShe is also chair of the delegation for relations with the Korean Peninsula, a member of the Subcommittee on Security and Defence, and a substitute for the Committee on Budgetary Control and the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs.\nStenzel has been Bezirksvorsteherin (district mayor) of Innere Stadt, Vienna's 1st district and old town, from 2005 until she stepped down in 2015. Her successor as district mayor is Markus Figl (\u00d6VP).", "Q208794": "Lun\u00e9ville (French pronunciation: \u200b[lynevil] ; German, obsolete: L\u00fcnstadt ) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in France.\nIt is a subprefecture of the department and lies on the Meurthe River at its confluence with the Vezouze.", "Q1176791": "David Syme (2 October 1827 \u2013 14 February 1908) was a Scottish-Australian newspaper proprietor of The Age and regarded as \"the father of protection in Australia\" who had immense influence in the Government of Victoria.", "Q1045429": "Clarence Carson Parks II (26 April 1936 \u2013 22 June 2005), often known as C. Carson Parks, was an American songwriter, music publisher, musician and singer, best known for writing the hit song \"Somethin' Stupid\". His younger brother is the composer Van Dyke Parks.", "Q220018": "Angela Ana\u00efs Juana Antolina Rosa Edelmira Nin y Culmell (February 21, 1903 \u2013 January 14, 1977), known professionally as Ana\u00efs Nin (, French: [ana.is nin]) was a French-Cuban American diarist, essayist, novelist, and writer of short stories and erotica. Born to Cuban parents in France, Nin was the daughter of composer Joaqu\u00edn Nin and Rosa Culmell, a classically trained singer. Nin spent her early years in Spain and Cuba, about sixteen years in Paris (1924\u20131940), and the remaining half of her life in the United States, where she became an established author.\nBeginning at age eleven, Nin wrote journals prolifically for six decades and even up until her death. Her journals, many of which were published during her lifetime, detail her private thoughts and personal relationships. Her journals also describe her marriage to Hugh Parker Guiler and marriage to Rupert Pole, in addition to her numerous affairs, including those with psychoanalyst Otto Rank and writer Henry Miller, both of whom profoundly influenced Nin and her writing.\nIn addition to her journals, Nin wrote several novels, critical studies, essays, short stories, and volumes of erotica. Much of her work, including the collections of erotica Delta of Venus and Little Birds, was published posthumously amid renewed critical interest in her life and work. Nin spent her later life in Los Angeles, California, where she died of cervical cancer in 1977.", "Q362559": "Delroy George Lindo (born 18 November 1952) is an English\u2013American actor and theatre director. He has been nominated for Tony and Screen Actors Guild awards and has won a Satellite Award. \nLindo has played prominent roles in three Spike Lee films: West Indian Archie in Lee's Malcolm X (1992), Woody Carmichael in Crooklyn (1994), and Rodney Little in Clockers (1995). Lindo also played Catlett in Get Shorty (1995), Arthur Rose in The Cider House Rules (1999), and Detective Castlebeck in Gone in 60 Seconds (2000). Lindo starred as Alderman Ronin Gibbons in the TV series The Chicago Code (2011), as Winter on the series Believe (2014), and currently stars in The Good Fight (2017 - present).", "Q95193": "Hermann Kurz (30 November 1813 \u2013 10 October 1873) was a German poet and novelist.\nHe was born at Reutlingen. Having studied at the theological seminary at Maulbronn and at the University of T\u00fcbingen, he became assistant pastor at Ehningen. He then entered upon a literary career and lived in Stuttgart. In 1863 he was appointed university librarian at T\u00fcbingen, where he remained till his death.\nKurz's collections of poems, Gedichte (1836) and Dichtungen (1839), were less successful than his historical novels, Schiller's Heimatjahre (1843) and Der Sonnenwirt (1854), and his excellent translations from English, Italian and Spanish. He also published a successful modern German version of Gottfried von Strassburg's Tristan and Iseult (1844). His collected works were published in ten volumes (Stuttgart, 1874).\nHis daughter, Isolde Kurz, was also a poet.", "Q109354": "Inge Solbrig (born 1944 as Ingeborg Solbig also known as Inge Solbrig-Combrinck) is a German actress and voice actress best known as the German voice of several characters in The Simpsons including Edna Krabappel, Helen Lovejoy, Judge Constance Harm, Crazy Cat Lady, Mona Simpson, Lunchlady Doris, Itchy & Scratchy and a lot of additional voices.\nShe was married to Ivar Combrinck (\u2020 2006) who produced Futurama, Family Guy and The Simpsons in Germany.", "Q13484": "Laurent Patrick Fignon (French pronunciation: \u200b[lo\u0281\u0251\u0303 fi\u0272\u0254\u0303]; 12 August 1960 \u2013 31 August 2010) was a French professional road bicycle racer who won the Tour de France in 1983 and 1984 and the Giro d'Italia in 1989. He is former FICP World No. 1 in 1989. He nearly captured the Tour de France for a third time in 1989 before being edged by Greg LeMond by 8 seconds, the closest margin ever to decide the Tour. Fignon won many classic races, including taking Milan\u2013San Remo back-to-back in 1988 and 1989. He died from cancer in 2010.", "Q265544": "Liliana Komorowska (born 11 April 1956) is a Polish actress and filmmaker. She has appeared in more than fifty films since 1964.", "Q1364339": "John Qualen (born Johan Mandt Kvalen, December 8, 1899 \u2013 September 12, 1987) was a Canadian-American character actor of Norwegian heritage who specialized in Scandinavian roles.", "Q65512": "Oberembrach is a municipality in the district of B\u00fclach in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q23547": "Bryan Lee Cranston (born March 7, 1956) is an American actor, director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for playing Hal on the Fox sitcom Malcolm in the Middle (2000\u20132006), Walter White on the AMC series Breaking Bad (2008\u20132013), and Dr. Tim Whatley on the NBC sitcom Seinfeld (1994\u20131997).\nCranston's performance on Breaking Bad is widely regarded as one of the best performances in television history, for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series four times (2008, 2009, 2010, and 2014). After becoming a producer of the show in 2011, he also won the award for Outstanding Drama Series twice. He was previously nominated three times for the Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his role in Malcolm in the Middle. Breaking Bad also earned Cranston five Golden Globe nominations (with one win), nine Screen Actors Guild Award nominations (with four wins), and six Satellite Award nominations (with four wins).\nIn 2014, Cranston won a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his portrayal of president Lyndon B. Johnson in the play All the Way on Broadway, a role he reprised in HBO's 2016 television film of the same name. In 2018, he won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Howard Beale in Network at London's National Theatre, later winning his second Tony Award for playing the role on Broadway. For portraying Dalton Trumbo in the film Trumbo (2015), he received acclaim and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.\nCranston has directed episodes of Malcolm in the Middle, Breaking Bad, Modern Family, and The Office. He has also appeared in several acclaimed films, such as Saving Private Ryan (1998), Little Miss Sunshine (2006), Drive (2011), Argo (2012), and Godzilla (2014). In 2015, Cranston and David Shore created, executive produced, and wrote the story for the Amazon Studios original crime drama Sneaky Pete. He has provided voice acting in films Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted (2012), Kung Fu Panda 3 (2016) and Isle of Dogs (2018).", "Q86689": "Daniel Blumenthal (25 January 1860 in Thann, Haut-Rhin \u2013 25 March 1930 in Paris) was the mayor of Colmar from 1905 to 1914 and an elected member of the Reichstag between 1903 and 1907. He worked as a lawyer, first at the Landgericht in M\u00fclhausen, and then at Alsace-Lorraine's Supreme Court at Colmar.", "Q12942": "Arlette Yvonne Laguiller (born 18 March 1940) is a French politician. From 1973 to 2008, she was the spokeswoman and the best known leader and presidential nominee of Lutte Ouvri\u00e8re (LO), Trotskyist political party.", "Q552819": "Randall Hank Williams (born May 26, 1949), known professionally as Hank Williams Jr. or alternatively as Bocephus, is an American singer-songwriter and musician. His musical style is often considered a blend of Southern rock, blues, and country. He is the son of country music singer Hank Williams, the half-brother of Jett Williams, and the father of Hank Williams III, Holly Williams, Hilary Williams, Sam Williams and Katie Williams.\nWilliams began his career following in his famed father's footsteps, covering his father's songs and imitating his father's style. Williams' first television appearance was in a 1964 episode of ABC's The Jimmy Dean Show, in which at age fourteen he sang several songs associated with his father. Later that year, he was a guest star on ABC's Shindig!Williams' style evolved slowly as he struggled to find his own voice and place within country music. This was interrupted by a near-fatal fall off the side of Ajax Peak in Montana on August 8, 1975. After an extended recovery, he challenged the country music establishment with a blend of country, rock, and blues. Williams enjoyed much success in the 1980s, from which he earned considerable recognition and popularity both inside and outside country music. As a multi-instrumentalist, Williams' repertoire of skills includes guitar, bass guitar, upright bass, steel guitar, banjo, dobro, piano, keyboards, saxophone, harmonica, fiddle, and drums.From 1989 through October 2011, and since 2017, his song \"All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight,\" refashioned as \"All My Rowdy Friends Are Here on Monday Night,\" was used to open broadcasts of Monday Night Football.", "Q182367": "Jos\u00e9 S\u00f3crates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH (born 6 September 1957), commonly known as Jos\u00e9 S\u00f3crates (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8z\u025b \u02c8s\u0254k\u027e\u0250t\u0268\u0283]), is a Portuguese politician who was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011. For the second half of 2007, he acted as the President-in-Office of the Council of the European Union.\nS\u00f3crates grew up in the industrial city of Covilh\u00e3. He joined the centre-left Socialist Party in 1981 and was elected Member of Parliament in 1987. S\u00f3crates entered the government in 1995, as Secretary of State for Environment in the first cabinet of Ant\u00f3nio Guterres. Two years later, he became Minister of Youth and Sports (where he helped to organize Portugal's successful bid to host UEFA Euro 2004) and in 1999 became Minister for Environment. S\u00f3crates prominence rose during the governments of Ant\u00f3nio Guterres to the point that when the Prime Minister resigned in 2001, he considered to appoint S\u00f3crates has his successor.In opposition, Jos\u00e9 S\u00f3crates was elected leader of the Socialist Party in 2004 and led the party to its first absolute majority in the 2005 election. By then, Portugal was living an economic crisis, marked by stagnation and a difficult state of public finances. Like the preceding centre-right government, S\u00f3crates implemented a policy of fiscal austerity and structural reforms. Among the most important reforms were the 2007 Social Security reform and the 2009 labour law reform. His government also restructured the provision of public services, closing thousands of elementary schools and dozens of health care facilities and maternity wards in rural areas and small cities. Despite austerity, S\u00f3crates's government intended to boost economic growth through government-sponsored investments, namely in transportation, technology and energy as well as in health and school infrastructure. The government launched several public-private partnerships to finance such projects. Internally, S\u00f3crates was accused of having an authoritarian style and of trying to control media, while internationally he completed the negotiations of Lisbon Treaty and had close ties with leaders such as the Prime Minister of Spain Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodriguez Zapatero and the President of Venezuela Hugo Chavez. The first S\u00f3crates government was initially able to reduce the budget deficit and controlling public debt, but economic growth lagged.In 2008\u201309, with the Great Recession starting to hit Portugal and facing recession and high unemployment, austerity was waned as part of the European economic stimulus plan. Nevertheless, support for S\u00f3crates and the Socialists eroded and the ruling party lost its majority in the 2009 election. The second government of Jos\u00e9 S\u00f3crates faced a deterioration of the economic and financial state of the country, with skyrocketing deficit and growing debt. Austerity was resumed in 2010 while the country entered a hard financial crisis in the context of the European debt crisis.On 23 March 2011, S\u00f3crates submitted his resignation to President Cavaco Silva after the Parliament rejected a new austerity package (the fourth in a year), leading to the 2011 snap election. Financial status of the country deteriorated and on 6 April S\u00f3crates caretaker government requested a bail-out program which was conceded. The \u20ac78 billion IMF/European Union bailout to Portugal thus started and would last until May 2014. S\u00f3crates lost the snap election held on 5 June 2011 and resigned as Secretary-General of the Socialist Party. For most of his political career, S\u00f3crates was associated to several corruption cases, notably Independente University and Freeport cases.On 21 November 2014 he was arrested in Lisbon, accused of corruption, tax evasion, and money laundering, becoming the first former Prime Minister in the history of the country to be thus accused. On 24 November S\u00f3crates was remanded in custody on preliminary charges of corruption and tax fraud. He was held in \u00c9vora prison until 4 September 2015 when he left the prison for a relative's house in Lisbon, where he remained under house arrest until 16 October 2015. That day, a judge released him from house arrest, allowing him to await the end of the investigation in freedom, although remaining forbidden of leaving the country and of contacting with other suspects of the case. The police investigation, known as Operation Marquis continued until his indictment in October 2017. In 2018, S\u00f3crates abandoned the Socialist Party.", "Q86851": "Elisabeth K\u00f6stinger (born 22 November 1978) is an Austrian politician who is Minister for Sustainability and Tourism in the government of Chancellor Sebastian Kurz since 7 January 2020. She previously served in this capacity from December 2017 until June 2019. She is a member of the Austrian People's Party, part of the European People's Party.\nFrom 9 November 2017 to 18 December 2017, K\u00f6stinger briefly served as President of Austria's National Council. Prior to that, she was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Austria between 2009 and 2017. Since May 2017 she has been secretary general of the Austrian People's Party.", "Q110605": "Maria Krahn (1896\u20131977) was a German actress.", "Q97784": "Andreas Bausewein (born 5 May 1973 in Erfurt) is a German politician (Social Democratic Party) and mayor of Erfurt.", "Q461579": "Madelon Szekely-Lulofs (24 June 1899 in Surabaya \u2013 22 May 1958 in Santpoort) was a Dutch writer and journalist, best known for writing novels that were set in the former Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia.", "Q1811612": "Asgeir Mickelson (born 30 September 1969) is a Norwegian musician, artist, photographer and music reviewer. Although primarily a drummer, Mickelson has stated that he considers himself a musician above a drummer, and is also a guitarist and bassist.\n\n", "Q669837": "The Gross Litzner (also spelled Gro\u00dflitzner in German) is a mountain in the Silvretta Alps, located on the border between Austria and Switzerland.", "Q110163": "Carl Wilhelm August Blum (1786 \u2013 2 July 1844) was a German singer, librettist, stage actor, director, guitarist and opera and song composer. Philip J. Bone wrote that Blum was \"a universal genius, uniting in one person the poet, the dramatist, composer, singer and performer.\" He was composer to the Court of the King of Prussia.He has been confused with or named incorrectly in literature as Karl Ludwig Blum.", "Q235415": "Jennifer Jane Saunders (born 6 July 1958) is an English comedian, screenwriter, singer and actress. She has won three BAFTAs (including the BAFTA Fellowship), a British Comedy Award, a Rose d'Or Light Entertainment Festival Award, two Writers' Guild of Great Britain Awards, and a People's Choice Award.\nSaunders first found attention in the 1980s when she became a member of The Comic Strip after graduating from the Central School of Speech and Drama in London. With her comedy partner Dawn French, she wrote and starred in their eponymous sketch show, French and Saunders, for which she and French received a BAFTA fellowship in 2009. Saunders received acclaim throughout the early to mid-1990s for writing and playing the main character Edina Monsoon, in the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous.\nShe has guest-starred in the American sitcoms Roseanne and Friends and won the People's Choice Awards for voicing the evil Fairy Godmother in DreamWorks' animated Shrek 2. In 2015, Saunders voiced Queen Elizabeth II in the animated comedy film Minions, and in 2016 she voiced Nana Noodleman in the animated musical film Sing.", "Q204810": "Ion Creang\u0103 (Romanian pronunciation: [i\u02c8on \u02c8kre\u032fa\u014b\u0261\u0259]; also known as Nic\u0103 al lui \u0218tefan a Petrei, Ion Torc\u0103l\u0103u and Ioan \u0218tef\u0103nescu; March 1, 1837 \u2013 December 31,1889 ) was a Romanian writer, raconteur and schoolteacher. A main figure in 19th century Romanian literature, he is best known for his Childhood Memories volume, his novellas and short stories, and his many anecdotes. Creang\u0103's main contribution to fantasy and children's literature includes narratives structured around eponymous protagonists (\"Harap Alb\", \"Ivan Turbinc\u0103\", \"D\u0103nil\u0103 Prepeleac\", \"Stan P\u0103\u021bitul\"), as well as fairy tales indebted to conventional forms (\"The Story of the Pig\", \"The Goat and Her Three Kids\", \"The Mother with Three Daughters-in-Law\", \"The Old Man's Daughter and the Old Woman's Daughter\"). Widely seen as masterpieces of the Romanian language and local humor, his writings occupy the middle ground between a collection of folkloric sources and an original contribution to a literary realism of rural inspiration. They are accompanied by a set of contributions to erotic literature, collectively known as his \"corrosives\".\nA defrocked Romanian Orthodox priest with an unconventional lifestyle, Creang\u0103 made an early impact as an innovative educator and textbook author, while pursuing a short career in nationalist politics with the Free and Independent Faction. His literary debut came late in life, closely following the start of his close friendship with Romania's national poet Mihai Eminescu and their common affiliation with the influential conservative literary society Junimea. Although viewed with reserve by many of his colleagues there, and primarily appreciated for his records of oral tradition, Creang\u0103 helped propagate the group's cultural guidelines in an accessible form. Later critics have often described him, alongside Eminescu, Ion Luca Caragiale and Ioan Slavici, as one of the most accomplished representatives of Junimist literature.\nIon Creang\u0103 was posthumously granted several honors, and is commemorated by a number of institutions in both Romania and neighboring Moldova. These include the Bojdeuca building in Ia\u0219i, which, in 1918, was opened as the first memorial house in Romania. His direct descendants include Horia Creang\u0103, one of the leading Romanian architects during the interwar period.", "Q2278254": "Sherborne School is an English independent boarding school for boys, located beside Sherborne Abbey, in the parish of Sherborne, Dorset. The school has remained in the same location for over 1,300 years. It was founded in 705 AD by St Aldhelm and, following the dissolution of the monasteries, re-founded in 1550 by King Edward VI, making it one of the oldest schools in the United Kingdom. Sherborne was one of the founder member public schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference in 1869, and is a member of the Eton Group.\nIn the public school tradition, Sherborne remains a full boarding school with boys living in one of nine boarding houses, although a few day pupils are admitted. It educates about 560 pupils, aged 13 to 18. Sherborne's A level results placed it in the top 1% of all schools in England in 2016 and 2017. The school has a partnership with Sherborne Girls, with whom it shares many academic, co-curricular and social activities.", "Q73416": "Jimmy Smits (born July 9, 1955) is an American actor best known for playing attorney Victor Sifuentes on the 1980s legal drama L.A. Law, NYPD Detective Bobby Simone on the 1990s police drama NYPD Blue and Matt Santos on the political drama The West Wing. He also appeared as Bail Organa in the Star Wars prequel trilogy, and as ADA Miguel Prado in Dexter. From 2012 to 2014, he joined the main cast of Sons of Anarchy as Nero Padilla. Smits also portrayed Elijah Strait in the NBC drama series Bluff City Law.", "Q888034": "Robert Garnell Kaufman (April 18, 1925 \u2013 January 12, 1986) was an American Beat poet and surrealist as well as a jazz performance artist and satirist. In France, where his poetry had a large following, he was known as the \"black American Rimbaud.\"\n\n", "Q1615723": "Vixen is an American rock band formed in Saint Paul, Minnesota, in 1980. During its most commercially successful period from 1987\u20131992, the band consisted of Jan Kuehnemund (lead guitar), Janet Gardner (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Share Ross (bass guitar), and Roxy Petrucci (drums).The band's eponymous first album was released in 1988, and reached #41 on the Billboard 200. Their second album Rev It Up was released in 1990, and reached #52 on the Billboard 200. Their third album Tangerine was released in 1998. Their fourth album Live & Learn was released in 2006.\nPart of the Los Angeles, California glam metal scene, the band has been described as \"the female Bon Jovi.\" Several singles released by the band from 1988\u20131990 reached the Billboard Hot 100, including the Top 40 singles \"Edge of a Broken Heart\" at #26, and \"Cryin'\" at #22.\nWhile the band originally disbanded in 1992, it reformed from 1997\u20131998 by Gardner and Petrucci but a lawsuit filed by Kuehnemund over ownership of the name ruled in her favor ending that version of the band. Kuehnemund reunited the band with the classic lineup in 2001 but disagreements caused Kuehnemund to quickly recruit a new version of the band with three new members; this lineup lasted until 2012. Kuehnemund died in 2013. From then on Gardner, Ross, and Petrucci reformed the band with Gina Stile on guitar. \nAs of 2019 the band currently consists of Ross, Petrucci, Britt Lightning, and Lorraine Lewis.", "Q574606": "The Free University of Brussels (French; Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles), abbreviated ULB, is a French-speaking private research university in Brussels, Belgium.\nULB is one of two institutions which trace their origins to the Free University of Brussels, founded in 1834 by Belgian lawyer Pierre-Th\u00e9odore Verhaegen. This split along linguistic lines in 1969 into the French-speaking ULB and Dutch-speaking Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), both founded in 1970. it is one of the most important Belgian universities. A major research center open to Europe and the world, it has about 24,200 students, 33% of whom come from abroad, and an equally cosmopolitan staff. In 2019, ULB was globally ranked 201th-250th by The Times Higher Education, 151th-200th by Shanghai Ranking (AWRU).", "Q853630": "A slasher film is a subgenre of horror films involving a killer murdering a group of people, usually by use of bladed tools. Although the term \"slasher\" is often used informally as a generic term for any horror film involving murder, film analysts cite an established set of characteristics which set these films apart from other subgenres, such as splatter films and psychological horror films.Critics cite the Italian giallo films and psychological horror films such as Peeping Tom (1960) and Psycho (1960) as early influences. The genre hit its peak between 1978\u20131984 in an era referred to as the \"Golden Age\" of slasher films. Notable slasher films include: The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974), Black Christmas (1974), Halloween (1978), The Toolbox Murders (1978), Friday the 13th (1980), My Bloody Valentine (1981), The Burning (1981), The Prowler (1981), Graduation Day (1981), The Slumber Party Massacre (1982), The House on Sorority Row (1982), Sleepaway Camp (1983), A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984), Child's Play (1988), Candyman (1992), Leprechaun (1993), Scream (1996), I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997) and Urban Legend (1998). Many slasher films released decades ago continue to attract cult followings. The slasher canon is divided into three eras: the classical (1974\u20131993), the self-referential (1994\u20132000) and the neoslasher cycle (2000\u20132013).", "Q91493": "Nicolaus Ferdinand Haller (21 January 1805 in Hamburg \u2013 10 October 1876 in Hamburg) was a jurist, senator and First Mayor of Hamburg and head of state from 1863 to 1864; 1866 to 1867; 1870 to 1873.", "Q138837": "The Catalan declaration of independence (Catalan: Declaraci\u00f3 d'independ\u00e8ncia de Catalunya; Spanish: Declaraci\u00f3n de Independencia de Catalu\u00f1a) was a resolution that was passed by the Parliament of Catalonia on 27 October 2017, which declared the independence of Catalonia from Spain and the founding of an independent Catalan Republic. The declaration did not receive recognition from the international community.\nOn 10 October, in the aftermath of the 1 October 2017 Catalan independence referendum, a document establishing Catalonia as an independent republic was signed by the members of Catalonia's pro-independence parliamentary majority. The same document was voted for on 27 October by a majority of 70 out of 135 MPs in a plenary session. 10 MPs voted against the declaration and 53 MPs refused to be present during the illegal vote, after the legal counsels of the Catalan Parliament advised that it could not take place as the law on which it was based had been suspended by the Spanish Constitutional Court.A few hours later, Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy of Spain dismissed Catalan President Carles Puigdemont and his cabinet, and called for fresh Catalan elections on 21 December 2017. The Deputy Prime Minister of Spain Soraya S\u00e1enz de Santamar\u00eda was assigned to be the acting president of Catalonia until the December elections.", "Q265222": "NOFX is an American punk rock band from Los Angeles, California. They were formed in 1983 by vocalist/bassist Fat Mike (formerly of False Alarm) and guitarist Eric Melvin. Drummer Erik Sandin joined NOFX shortly after, and El Hefe joined the band in 1991 to play lead guitar and trumpet, rounding out the current line-up.\nNOFX's mainstream success coincided with increased interest in punk rock during the 1990s, though unlike many of their contemporaries (including Bad Religion, Green Day and The Offspring), they have never been signed to a major label. NOFX has released thirteen studio albums, sixteen extended plays and a number of seven-inch singles. The band rose to popularity with their fifth studio album Punk in Drublic (1994), which is their only release to receive gold certification by the RIAA. Their latest studio album, First Ditch Effort, was released on October 7, 2016. The group has sold over 8 million records worldwide, making them one of the most successful independent bands of all time. NOFX broadcasts their own show on Fuse TV entitled NOFX: Backstage Passport.", "Q151881": "Out of Time is a 2003 American thriller film directed by Carl Franklin featuring Denzel Washington. Matthias \"Matt\" Lee Whitlock, played by Washington, is the respected Chief of Police of the fictional Florida Keys small town of Banyan Key, Florida.", "Q355493": "Church musician (Kirchenmusiker) is a music profession in Germany.\nAt present there are about 3,600 main job and 25,000 second job church musicians in the Protestant and Catholic Church in Germany.\nThere are four different degrees of examination: A, B, C and D. A and B requires a study at a music college or a university (Master of Arts, Bachelor of Arts) . Church musicians with C and D are trained mostly by main job church musicians. The study of A takes about 12 semester and B 8 semester.\nSubjects of education are organ, improvising, piano, singing, conducting, ear training, composition, score reading and figured bass, liturgics, hymnology, music history, organology.", "Q973292": "Henry Morgan (born Henry Lerner Van Ost Jr.; March 31, 1915 \u2013 May 19, 1994) was an American humorist. He first became familiar to radio audiences in the 1930s and 1940s as a barbed but often self-deprecating satirist; in the 1950s and later, he was a regular and cantankerous panelist on the game show I've Got a Secret as well as other game and talk shows. Morgan was a second cousin of Broadway lyricist and librettist Alan Jay Lerner.", "Q1159014": "Dan Burley (November 7, 1907 in Lexington, Kentucky \u2013 October 29, 1962 in Chicago, Illinois) was an American pianist and journalist. He appeared on numerous network television and radio shows in the US and had two radio shows of his own on WWRL Radio in New York.\nHe was editor of many African-American publications, including the New York Age, the Amsterdam News, and the magazines Ebony, Jet and Duke. He also appeared in five films, performed with Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Milton Hinton, Lionel Hampton, Leonard Feather, Fats Waller, Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong, and wrote music for Lionel Hampton and Cab Calloway.\n\n", "Q521149": "Erzs\u00e9bet Galg\u00f3czi (27 August 1930 \u2013 20 May 1989) was a Hungarian writer, playwright, and screenwriter. Her work is often described as realist fiction.\n\n", "Q3158573": "Jacques Corr\u00e8ze (11 February 1912 \u2013 28 June 1991) was a French businessman and politician. He was the chief executive officer of the United States-based operation of L'Or\u00e9al for the Americas (Cosmair), the world's leading company in cosmetics and beauty products. He was the secretary of Eug\u00e8ne Deloncle.\nCorr\u00e8ze was a member of La Cagoule, a violent fascist-leaning and anti-communist group. During its early period, Eug\u00e8ne Schueller, founder of L'Oreal, provided financial support and held meetings for La Cagoule at L'Or\u00e9al headquarters.\nDuring the Second World War both Jacques Corr\u00e8ze and Eugene Schueller, as well as many other L'Oreal executives, were very active supporters of the Vichy regime. When the Gestapo raided Deloncle's home, killed him and injured gravely his son Louis Deloncle, Corr\u00e8ze was present but escaped. He later married Deloncle's widow, Mercedes Deloncle.After the war Corr\u00e8ze was convicted of a number of crimes, and sentenced to ten years in prison in France. He was released after serving five years and shortly thereafter became a senior executive at L'Or\u00e9al and Chairman of Cosmair, a private U.S. company and the sole licensee of L'Oreal in the United States.Corr\u00e8ze was in charge of negotiations with Arab governments to illegally comply with the Arab League Bureau of Economic Boycott requests, after the Arab League began a boycott of L'Or\u00e9al when it was revealed that the group had acquired Helena Rubinstein Incorporated, a company with a manufacturing plant in Israel.\nJacques Corr\u00e8ze was also under investigation by the Office of Special Investigations (United States Department of Justice) in 1991 for his active participation in antisemitic acts and for his membership of the anti-communist L\u00e9gion des volontaires fran\u00e7ais. Forced to leave the United States, he died of pancreatic cancer a week later in Paris, aged 79. His wife died three years earlier.", "Q751402": "Allen Glover Lanier (June 25, 1946 \u2013 August 14, 2013) was an American musician who played keyboards and rhythm guitar. He was an original member of Blue \u00d6yster Cult. He resided in Manhattan.Lanier wrote several songs for Blue \u00d6yster Cult albums, including \"True Confessions\", \"Tenderloin\", \"Searchin' for Celine\", \"In Thee\", and \"Lonely Teardrops\". In addition to his work with Blue \u00d6yster Cult, he also contributed to music by Patti Smith, John Cale, Jim Carroll, The Dictators and The Clash, among others. He lived with Patti Smith in Manhattan for several years during the 1970s.Lanier first performed with the band (then known as Soft White Underbelly) in 1967. He left the group in 1985, and was replaced by Tommy Zvoncheck (of Clarence Clemons and Public Image Ltd fame). Lanier returned to the band in 1987, touring constantly until the fall of 2006.\nWithout any official announcement from Blue \u00d6yster Cult, the band's line-up photograph was updated to remove Lanier, and a brief mention on the page for Richie Castellano has the following to say:\n\"Since the retirement of Allen Lanier, Richie has switched over to the guitars/keyboards position, both of which he's quite the master!\". That would seem to indicate that Allen Lanier retired from both Blue \u00d6yster Cult and music in 2007, having played his last concert with them in late 2006. He would rejoin them for their 40th anniversary concert in New York in November 2012, which proved to be his last ever appearance with the band.\nLanier's death was announced by Blue \u00d6yster Cult on August 14, 2013. According to their official Facebook page, \"Allen succumbed to complications from C.O.P.D.\" Lead singer Eric Bloom posted the following:\nMy great friend Allen Lanier has passed. I'll miss the guy even though we hadn't spoken in a while. He was so talented as a musician and a thinker. He read voraciously, all kinds of things, especially comparative religion. We drove for years together, shared rooms in the early days. We partied, laughed, played. All BOC fans and band members will mourn his death. Ultimately smoking finally got to him. He had been hospitalized with C.O.P.D. It was Allen who heard some old college band tapes of mine and suggested I get a shot as the singer in 1968. A lot of great memories, more than 40 years' worth. Maybe he's playing a tune with Jim Carroll right now.", "Q912678": "Karnivool are an Australian rock band formed in Perth in 1997. The group currently consists of Ian Kenny on vocals, Drew Goddard and Mark Hosking on guitar, Jon Stockman on bass, and Steve Judd on drums. Karnivool emerged from a band Kenny and Goddard formed during high school. Their third album Asymmetry was released on 19 July 2013.", "Q365550": "William Dennis Weaver (June 4, 1924 \u2013 February 24, 2006) was an American actor and former president of the Screen Actors Guild, best known for his work in television and films from the early 1950s until not long before his death in 2006. Weaver's two most famous roles were as Marshal Matt Dillon's trusty partner Chester Goode/Proudfoot on the CBS western Gunsmoke and as Deputy Marshal Sam McCloud on the NBC police drama McCloud. He starred in the 1971 television film Duel, the first film of director Steven Spielberg. He is also remembered for his role as the twitchy motel attendant in Orson Welles' film Touch of Evil (1958).", "Q38167": "This article is about the Konbaung-era king. For the Toungoo-era king of Lan Na, see Nawrahta Minsaw.Tharrawaddy Min (Burmese: \u101e\u102c\u101a\u102c\u101d\u1010\u102e\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038, pronounced [\u03b8\u00e0j\u00e0w\u0259d\u00ec m\u026a\u0301\u0270\u0303]; 14 March 1787 \u2013 17 November 1846) was the 8th king of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma. He repudiated the Treaty of Yandabo and almost went to war with the British.\n\nTharrawaddy was born Maung Khin to Crown Prince Thado Minsaw (son of King Bodawpaya) and Princess Min Kye on 14 March 1787. When his elder brother Bagyidaw ascended the throne in 1819, Tharrawaddy was appointed Heir Apparent. As crown prince, he fought in the First Anglo-Burmese War. In February 1837, he raised the standard of rebellion after escaping to Shwebo, the ancestral place of the Konbaung kings. Tharrawaddy succeeded in overthrowing Bagyidaw in April and was crowned king. Princess Min Myat Shwe, a granddaughter of Hsinbyushin, whom he married in 1809, was crowned as his chief queen (Nanmadaw Mibaya Hkaungyi).\nIn 1841 King Tharrawaddy donated a 42-ton bell called the Maha Tissada Gandha Bell and 20 kilograms (44 lb) of goldplating to the Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon. His reign was rife with rumours of preparations for another war with the British who had added the Arakan and Tenasserim to their dominions. It was, however, not until 1852, after Tharrawaddy was succeeded by his son Pagan Min, that the Second Anglo-Burmese War broke out.", "Q261044": "American Pie Presents: Band Camp is a 2005 American sex comedy film released by Universal Pictures. It is the first installment in American Pie Presents film series, a spin-off of the American Pie franchise. Tad Hilgenbrinck stars as Matt Stiffler, a troubled student sent to band camp to change his ways. Chris Owen and Eugene Levy reprise their roles from previous American Pie films.\nAmerican Pie Presents: Band Camp was released direct-to-DVD internationally on October 31, 2005, and in the United States on December 26, 2005.", "Q2385483": "Patrick Cousot (born 3 December 1948) is a French computer scientist, currently Silver Professor of Computer Science at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, USA. Before he was Professor at the \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure (ENS), Paris, France, the \u00c9cole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France and the University of Metz, France and a Research Scientist at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) at the Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France.\nTogether with his wife Radhia Cousot (1947\u20132014), Patrick Cousot is the originator of abstract interpretation, an influential technique in formal methods. In the 2000s, he has worked on practical methods of static analysis for critical embedded software (Astr\u00e9e), such as found in avionics. \nIn 1999 he received the CNRS Silver medal and in 2006 the great prize of the EADS Foundation. In 2001, he was bestowed an honorary doctorate by Saarland University, Germany. With Radhia Cousot, he received the ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Achievement Award in 2013 and the IEEE Computer Society Harlan D. Mills award in 2014, \u201cFor the invention of \u2018abstract interpretation\u2019, development of tool support, and its practical application\u201d. He received a Humboldt Research Award in 2008 and the 2018 IEEE John von Neumann Medal \"for introducing abstract interpretation, a powerful framework for automatically calculating program properties with broad application to verification and optimisation\". He is a knight (Chevalier) in the Ordre National du M\u00e9rite and the Ordre des Palmes acad\u00e9miques, member of the Academia Europaea, Informatics section (since 2006) and member of the Board of Trustees at the IMDEA Software Institute.", "Q277626": "A&M Records was an American record label founded as an independent company by Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss in 1962. Due to the success of the discography A&M released, the label garnered interest and was acquired by PolyGram in 1989 and began distributing releases from Polydor Ltd. from the UK. Throughout its operations, A&M housed well-known acts such as Gin Blossoms, Dishwalla, Joe Cocker, Procol Harum, Captain & Tennille, Sting, Sergio Mendes, Ozark Mountain Daredevils, Supertramp, Bryan Adams, Burt Bacharach, Liza Minnelli, The Carpenters, Paul Williams, Quincy Jones, Janet Jackson, Cat Stevens, Peter Frampton, Elkie Brooks, Carole King, Styx, Extreme, Amy Grant, Joan Baez, the Human League, The Police, Jann Arden, CeCe Peniston, Blues Traveler, Soundgarden, Duffy, and Sheryl Crow. \nPolyGram was acquired by Seagram and dissolved into Universal Music Group in 1998, and A&M's operations were ceased in January 1999 when it was merged with Geffen Records and Interscope Records to form the record company Interscope Geffen A&M Records. In 2007, Interscope Geffen A&M announced that A&M was revived as trademark and brand and was to be merged with Octone Records to form A&M Octone Records, which operated until 2013, when A&M Octone was folded into Interscope. Today, A&M's catalog releases are managed by Verve Records, Universal Music Enterprises and Interscope.", "Q67463": "Court\u00e9telle is a municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q189554": "Katherine Marie Heigl (; born November 24, 1978) is an American actress and former fashion model. She started her career as a child model with Wilhelmina Models before turning her attention to acting, making her film debut in That Night (1992) and later appearing in My Father the Hero (1994) as well as Under Siege 2: Dark Territory (1995). Heigl then landed the role of Isabel Evans on The WB television series Roswell (1999\u20132002), for which she received nominations for Saturn and Teen Choice Awards.\nFrom 2005 to 2010, Heigl starred as Izzie Stevens on the ABC television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, a role that brought her significant recognition and accolades, including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2007. Her best known film appearances include roles in Knocked Up (2007), 27 Dresses (2008), The Ugly Truth (2009), Killers (2010), Life As We Know It (2010), New Year's Eve (2011), The Big Wedding (2013), and Unforgettable (2017). Heigl has also starred in several films that have seen limited releases, including Jackie & Ryan (2014), Home Sweet Hell (2015), and Jenny's Wedding (2015). She also portrayed the lead role on the short-lived NBC television series State of Affairs from 2014 to 2015, and has lent her voice to the animated film The Nut Job (2014) and its 2017 sequel. \nAdditionally, Heigl has established herself as a cover model, appearing in numerous publications including Maxim, Vanity Fair and Cosmopolitan. She is married to singer Josh Kelley, with whom she has one son and two daughters.", "Q78543": "Helmuth Koinigg (3 November 1948 \u2013 6 October 1974) was an Austrian racing driver who died in a crash in the 1974 United States Grand Prix, only his second Grand Prix start.\n\n", "Q267435": "Daniel Dwayne Simmons III (born March 21, 1995), better known by his stage name Diggy Simmons or commonly just Diggy, is an American rapper, singer, model, and actor and the fourth child of Joseph \"Rev. Run\" Simmons of Run DMC. He along with his parents and five siblings, were the primary subjects of the MTV reality television show Run's House. Diggy was also the youngest member of Lupe Fiasco's short-lived rap collective, All City Chess Club.", "Q270149": "Pawe\u0142 Tomasz Wasilewski (Polish: ['pav\u025bw va\u0255i'l\u025bfsk\u02b2i]; born July 23, 1982), known professionally as Paul Wesley and formerly as Paul Wasilewski, is an American actor, director, and producer. He is known for his lead role on the drama series The Vampire Diaries as well as his multiple roles on the anthology series Tell Me a Story.", "Q49946": "Michihiko Kano (\u9e7f\u91ce\u9053\u5f66, Kano Michihiko, born 24 January 1942) is a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan. He was Minister of Agriculture.He lost his seat in the December 16, 2012 general election.Kano was born in Yamagata. He graduated from Gakushuin University.", "Q84934": "Arabella Miho Steinbacher (born 14 November 1981) is a German classical violinist.", "Q741605": "George Washington Goethals ( GOH-th\u0259lz June 29, 1858 \u2013 January 21, 1928) was a United States Army General and civil engineer, best known for his administration and supervision of the construction and the opening of the Panama Canal. He was the State Engineer of New Jersey and the Acting Quartermaster General of the United States Army.", "Q662976": "Paris II Panth\u00e9on-Assas University (French: Universit\u00e9 Paris II Panth\u00e9on-Assas; [yniv\u025b\u0281site p\u0251\u0303te\u0254\u0303 asas]), also referred to as Assas ([asas]) or Paris II ([pa\u0281i d\u00f8]) is a research university specialized in law and economics in Paris, France. It is renowned for excellence in law and often described as the top law school in France. It is considered as the direct inheritor of the Faculty of Law and Economics of Paris (1257\u20131970) since, following the division of the University of Paris in 1970, most of its law professors (88 out of 108) choose to perpetuate the faculty by creating and joining a university of law and economics offering the same programs within the same two buildings. It currently provides law courses for Sorbonne University and may become its faculty of law.Since its founding in 1971, it has produced two presidents, four prime ministers, and the holders of thirty-seven other ministerships in France and around the world. Forty alumni of the university have been members of various parliaments as well. The majority of the nineteen campuses of Panth\u00e9on-Assas are located in the Latin Quarter, with the main campuses on Place du Panth\u00e9on and Rue d'Assas - hence its name. The university is composed of five departments specialising in law, journalism and media, economics, public and private management, and political science, and hosts twenty-four research centres and five specialized doctoral schools. Every year, the university enrolls approximately 18,000 students, including 3,000 international students.", "Q189540": "Seven Samurai (Japanese: \u4e03\u4eba\u306e\u4f8d, Hepburn: Shichinin no Samurai) is a 1954 Japanese epic samurai drama film co-written, edited, and directed by Akira Kurosawa. The story takes place in 1586 during the Sengoku period of Japanese history. It follows the story of a village of farmers that hire seven r\u014dnin (masterless samurai) to combat bandits who will return after the harvest to steal their crops.\nSince its release, Seven Samurai has consistently ranked highly in critics' lists of the greatest films, such as the BFI's Sight & Sound and Rotten Tomatoes polls. It was also voted the greatest foreign-language film in BBC's 2018 international critics' poll. It has remained highly influential, often seen as one of the most \"remade, reworked, referenced\" films in cinema.", "Q1262748": "Kazuhito Yamashita (\u5c71\u4e0b\u548c\u4ec1, born 1961 in Nagasaki) is a Japanese classical guitarist. His technique and expression are highly acclaimed. By the age of 32, Yamashita had already released 52 albums, including repertoires for solo guitar, guitar concertos, chamber music and collaborations with other renowned musicians such as James Galway. To date, he has released a total of 83 albums.", "Q67477": "Johannes Gerhard (17 October 1582 \u2013 17 August 1637) was a Lutheran church leader and Lutheran Scholastic theologian during the period of Orthodoxy.", "Q1338446": "LaFace Records was an American record label based in Atlanta, Georgia that operated as a unit of Sony Music Entertainment from 2008 to 2011 and was historically a part of Bertelsmann Music Group from 1989 to 2004. It was most active and achieved its greatest commercial success during the 1990s; dealing largely in the field of urban music. It was originally distributed by its co-creator Arista Records from 1989 through 2001; after which it was shuttered and absorbed into Arista. In 2004, the label was rebooted, and it began operating through Jive Records until both were absorbed into RCA Records in 2011. Today, the label's back catalog and reissues are managed by Legacy Recordings.", "Q60318": "Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (28 August 1825 \u2013 14 July 1895) was a German lawyer, journalist, and author who is seen today as a pioneer of the modern gay rights movement.", "Q78557": "Johannes \"Johann\" Schober (born November 14, 1874 in Perg; died August 19, 1932 in Baden bei Wien) was an Austrian jurist, law enforcement official, and politician. Schober was appointed Vienna Chief of Police in 1918 and became the founding president of Interpol in 1923, holding both positions until his death. He served as the chancellor of Austria from June 1921 to May 1922 and again from September 1929 to September 1930. He also served ten stints as an acting minister, variously leading the ministries of education, finance, commerce, foreign affairs, justice, and the interior, sometimes just for a few days or weeks at a time. Although Schober was elected to the National Council as the leader of a loose coalition of Greater German People's Party and Landbund near the end of his career, he never formally joined any political party. Schober remained the only chancellor in Austrian history with no official ideological affiliation until 2019, when Brigitte Bierlein was appointed, becoming the first woman to take office.", "Q256824": "Kimberley Jane Scott (n\u00e9e Walsh; born 20 November 1981) is an English singer, model, television presenter, actress and dancer. She rose to fame in late 2002 when she auditioned for the reality series Popstars: The Rivals on ITV. The series announced that Walsh had won a place as a member of the girl group Girls Aloud. The group achieved large success, having twenty consecutive top ten singles (including four number ones) in the UK, six studio albums have all been certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), two of which went to number one in the UK, and accumulating a total of five BRIT Award nominations. In 2009, Girls Aloud won \"Best Single\" with their song \"The Promise\".\nDuring the group's hiatus, Walsh embarked on acting and presenting. In July 2010, she became a presenter on the music talkshow, Suck My Pop and presented coverage for the BAFTA Awards. In 2011, she appeared in Horrid Henry: The Movie as Prissy Polly. Musically, Walsh has featured on Aggro Santos's \"Like U Like\". In 2012, Walsh made her West End theatre debut, playing Princess Fiona in the London production of Shrek the Musical. She also fronted the 2009 Autumn/Winter collection for the fashion chain New Look and, in January 2011, she was revealed as the new face of Puma AG. In 2012, Walsh took part in Strictly Come Dancing, where she finished as one of the runners-up.\nSince 2011, after making her West End debut in Shrek, Walsh has returned to perform in stage versions popular films such as Elf in 2015, before Big and Sleepless in Seattle both in 2019.", "Q374449": "My Soul to Take is a 2010 American slasher film written and directed by Wes Craven. It is his first film since 1994's Wes Craven's New Nightmare that he wrote, produced, and directed. The film stars Max Thieriot as the protagonist Adam \"Bug\" Hellerman, who is one of seven teenagers chosen to die.\nThe film was unsuccessful at the box office, and has a 10% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes. The film's title comes from a line in the prayer \"Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep\", which reads \"If I shall die before I wake, I pray the Lord my soul to take.\" The prayer features in the film.", "Q377140": "Robert John Guest, OBE (17 July 1950 \u2013 1 October 2008) was a British-born New Zealand-Australian actor, television personality and host and singer, who started his career in pop music in New Zealand, before becoming best known for his work in Australian musical theatre, particularly in various productions of The Phantom of the Opera. He played the lead for a record 2,289 performances over seven years, more than any other performer.", "Q182415": "Reality television is a genre of television programming that documents purportedly unscripted real-life situations, often starring unknown individuals rather than professional actors. Reality television came to prominence in the early 1990s with \"Real World\" and the early 2000s with the global successes of the series Survivor, Idols, and Big Brother, all of which became global franchises. Reality television shows tend to be interspersed with \"confessionals\", short interview segments in which cast members reflect on or provide context for the events being depicted on-screen; this is most commonly seen in American reality television. Competition-based reality shows typically feature gradual elimination of participants, either by a panel of judges or by the viewership of the show.\nDocumentaries, television news, sports television, talk shows, and traditional game shows are generally not classified as reality television. Some genres of television programming that predate the reality television boom have been retroactively classified as reality television, including hidden camera shows, talent-search shows, documentary series about ordinary people, high-concept game shows, home improvement shows, and court shows featuring real-life cases.\nReality television has faced significant criticism since its rise in popularity. Critics argue that reality television shows do not accurately reflect reality, in ways both implicit (participants being placed in artificial situations), and deceptive (misleading editing, participants being coached on behavior, storylines generated ahead of time, scenes being staged). Some shows have been accused of rigging the favorite or underdog to win. Other criticisms of reality television shows include that they are intended to humiliate or exploit participants; that they make stars out of untalented people unworthy of fame, infamous figures, or both; and that they glamorize vulgarity.", "Q156122": "Dragoljub \"Dra\u017ea\" Mihailovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0459\u0443\u0431 \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; 27 April 1893 \u2013 17 July 1946) was a Yugoslav Serb general during World War II. A staunch royalist, he retreated to the mountains near Belgrade when the Germans overran Yugoslavia in April 1941 and there he organized bands of guerrillas known as the Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army.\nThe organisation is commonly known as the Chetniks, although the name of the organisation was later changed to the Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland (JVUO, \u0408\u0412\u0423\u041e). Founded as the first Yugoslav resistance movement, it was royalist and nationalist, as opposed to the other, Josip Broz Tito's Partisans who were communist. Initially, the two groups operated in parallel, but by late 1941 began fighting each other in the attempt to gain control of post-war Yugoslavia. Many Chetnik groups collaborated or established modus vivendi with the Axis powers. Mihailovi\u0107 himself collaborated with Milan Nedi\u0107 and Dimitrije Ljoti\u0107 at the end of the war. After the war, Mihailovi\u0107 was captured by the communists. He was tried and convicted of high treason and war crimes by the communist authorities of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, and executed by firing squad in Belgrade. The nature and extent of his responsibility for collaboration and ethnic massacres remains controversial. On 14 May 2015, Mihailovi\u0107's verdict was overturned on appeal with the ruling showing that his trial amounted to a communist kangaroo court. The Supreme Court of Cassation, and appellate court handed out the rulings. While some see this as a rehabilitation the courts did not go as far and only ruled on the previous trial without offering to retry the case. This was done to satisfy his offspring's legal rights to property which the ruling at his trial stripped from them.", "Q288180": "\u00c9ric Elmosnino (born 2 May 1964) is a French actor and musician. He is known internationally for portraying Serge Gainsbourg in Gainsbourg, for which he won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actor.He studied at the National Conservatory of Dramatic Art. After leaving the Conservatory, he worked at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Nanterre-Amandiers with Jean-Pierre Vincent.In 1992 he played ChristianRibet, a friend of Guillaume de Tonqu\u00e9dec, in the film Tableau d'honneur (Honour Roll) by Charles Nemes. In 2006, he played in the theater as Edward Bond, directed by Alain Francon, the Avignon Festival and the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de la Colline in Paris. In January 2008 at a show at the Theatre Antoine in Paris for Yasmina Reza's God of Carnage.", "Q204804": "Beth Hart (born January 24, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter and musician from Los Angeles, California. She rose to fame with the release of her 1999 single \"LA Song (Out of This Town)\" from her second album Screamin' for My Supper. The single was a number one hit in New Zealand, as well as reaching the top 5 of the US Adult Contemporary and Top 10 on the Billboard Adult Top 40 charts.\nSubsequent albums namely Seesaw and Live in Amsterdam by Hart and Joe Bonamassa debuted at number 1 on the Billboard Blues Album Chart, a chart she has now topped six times. Hart has had two number 1 singles in Denmark, \"As Good as It Gets\" and \"Learning to Live\", as well a double platinum-selling album, Leave the Light On.\nHart's first album with Bonamassa, Don't Explain, went gold in the Netherlands, while their 2014 collaboration Seesaw was nominated for a Grammy Award, and gave Hart her first Blues Music Award nomination in the category 'Best Contemporary Blues Female Artist'.", "Q2892739": "Fiona Heather Patten (born 6 May 1964) is an Australian politician. She is the leader of the Reason Party and has a seat in the Victorian Legislative Council, representing the Northern Metropolitan Region.\nPatten established the Australian Sex Party in 2009 to focus on personal freedoms after deep frustration with stagnation on censorship, freedom, marriage equality and drug law reform. On 22 August 2017, it was announced that the Australian Sex Party would be changing its name to the Reason Party.Before entering politics, Patten was the CEO of Australia's national adult industry association, Eros Association. She championed sexual rights and health movements for more than 20 years, particularly on HIV/AIDS, after initially starting out as a small businesses owner with her own fashion label.\n\n", "Q42807": "N\u00eemes ( NEEM, French: [nim] (listen); Occitan: Nimes [\u02c8nimes]) is a city in the Occitanie region of southern France. It is the capital of the Gard department. N\u00eemes is located between the Mediterranean Sea and the C\u00e9vennes mountains. The estimated population of N\u00eemes is 151,001 (2016).Dubbed the most Roman city outside Italy, N\u00eemes has a rich history dating back to the Roman Empire when the city was a regional capital, and home to 50,000\u201360,000 people. Several famous monuments are in N\u00eemes, such as the Arena of N\u00eemes and the Maison Carr\u00e9e. Because of this, N\u00eemes is often referred to as the French Rome.\n\n", "Q100364": "Richard Euringer (April 4, 1891 \u2013 August 29, 1953) was a German writer. Although active starting in the 1920s, he is best known for his later career, in which he was a supporter of the Nazis. His best-known work is probably Als Flieger in zwei Kriegen, published in 1941 by Philipp Reclam Jr. of Leipzig. From 1950 he published under the pseudonym Florian Ammer.\nEuringer was born in Augsburg, where he attended Gymnasium. He then became a soldier and officer, and in World War I enlisted as a pilot, serving time on the western front from 1914\u201316. He fought alongside the Turks in Syria and later took up the position of commander of the Flying School at Lechfeld, Bavaria. In the turbulent years after the war, he was perturbed and roved around, becoming in the process one of the earliest members of the NSDAP. After the war he took up writing, and published several books. Of the numerous novels he wrote, some carry undertones of his war experiences. Some of his most acclaimed works were Fliegerschule 4 (1929), Vortrupp Pascha (1937), Der Zug durch die W\u00fcste (1938), Die Arbeitslosen (1930), and Die F\u00fcrsten fallen (1935).Starting in 1931, he became a political-cultural correspondent for the V\u00f6lkischer Beobachter, a Nazi newspaper. In 1933, his work Deutsche Passion attracted the attention of Joseph Goebbels, gaining him for the first time national attention. In 1933, he also became a director of the libraries in Essen. In this capacity, he identified 18,000 works deemed not to correspond with Nazi ideology, which were publicly burned as a result. In 1934 he became a member of the advisory boards for writing and broadcasting in the Reich. After 1936, he worked as a freelance writer.", "Q347083": "Moshe Ivgy (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d1\u05d2\u05d9\u200e; born 29 November 1953) is an Israeli actor and director.", "Q90799": "Albert Ellmenreich was a German actor, writer, singer and composer. He was born on 10 February 1816 in Karlsruhe, Germany, and died on 30 May 1905 in L\u00fcbeck.", "Q6982977": "Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz (16 August 1932 \u2013 29 September 2015) (Arabic:\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f) was a senior member of the House of Saud and was a close ally of the deceased King Abdullah.", "Q4722037": "Alfonso Rene Freeman (born September 13, 1959) is an American actor. He has appeared in such films as The Shawshank Redemption, Seven, Nurse Betty, Ten 'til Noon and The Bucket List.\n\n", "Q906619": "The Dixie Dregs is an American jazz rock band from Augusta, Georgia, formed in 1970 and one of the top jazz rock bands in the United States. The band's instrumental music fuses elements of rock, jazz, country, and classical music. In the UK, they are best known for their recording \"Take It Off the Top\", which was used for many years as the signature theme tune by disc jockey Tommy Vance for his BBC Radio 1 Friday Night Rock Show.\n\n", "Q2708222": "Tarzana is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles, California. Tarzana is on the site of a former ranch owned by author Edgar Rice Burroughs. It is named after Burroughs' fictional jungle hero, Tarzan.", "Q983607": "Alexander Grigorievich Stoletov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432; 10 August 1839 \u2013 27 May 1896) was a Russian physicist, founder of electrical engineering, and professor in Moscow University. He was the brother of general Nikolai Stoletov.", "Q81694": "Lee Jong-won (born September 25, 1969) is a South Korean actor.", "Q106715": "Eva Maler is a German born playwright, currently living in London.", "Q1784748": "Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU or MT) is a public university in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Founded in 1911 as a normal school, the university consists of eight undergraduate colleges as well as a college of graduate studies, together offering more than 80 majors/degree programs through more than 35 departments. MTSU is most prominently known for its Recording Industry, Aerospace, Music and Concrete Industry Management programs. The university has partnered in research endeavors with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the United States Army, and the United States Marine Corps. In 2009, Middle Tennessee State University was ranked among the nation's top 100 public universities by Forbes magazine.Prior to 2017, MTSU was part of the Tennessee Board of Regents and the State University and Community College System of Tennessee. In 2017, governance was transferred to an institutional board of trustees. MTSU is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges. MTSU athletics programs compete intercollegiately in Conference USA.", "Q863081": "William Robert Emerson (born December 21, 1925), known during his recording career as Billy \"The Kid\" Emerson and more recently as Rev. William R. Emerson, is an African American preacher and former R&B and rock and roll singer and songwriter, best known for his 1955 song, \"Red Hot.\"Emerson began recording after joining Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm in the early 1950s. He recorded for various labels, including Sun, Chess, and Vee-Jay before forming his own, Tarpon Records, where he recorded Denise LaSalle and Matt \"Guitar\" Murphy. He has worked with blues musicians, such as Earl Hooker, Lonnie Brooks, Sonny Boy Williamson II, and Robert Knighthawk.", "Q695326": "The Dodos are an American indie rock band consisting of Meric Long and Logan Kroeber.\n\n", "Q129090": "Silvestro Aldobrandini (1500\u20131558) was a Florentine jurisconsult and the father of Pope Clement VIII.\nSilvestro Aldobrandini is depicted in a chapel named after Sixtus V in the church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome.", "Q106073": "Gabriele Wohmann (n\u00e9e Guyot; May 21, 1932 \u2013 June 22, 2015) was a German novelist, and short story writer.\n\n", "Q97948": "Robert Steiner (born 7 December 1976), is a German mountain-climber and writer.\nSteiner was born in Stuttgart, Germany, and grew up in Ostelsheim in the Black Forest. After finishing his Abitur he studied Geography and German in Freiburg im Breisgau to become a teacher.\nSteiner started mountain-climbing at the age of 17 and went on to climb the Eiger, Matterhorn and Grandes Jorasses. He then climbed Bigwall in British Columbia and took part in expeditions to Mount Everest, Langtang in Tibet, Rolwaling and Tien Shan. In 1997 he had a serious accident at Grandes Jorasses which made him review his attitude to climbing, after which he wrote his first book.", "Q351187": "Adam David \"Atom\" Willard (born August 15, 1973) is an American drummer who has been a member of several notable musical acts. Willard's drumming career began in 1990 when he joined Rocket from the Crypt, with whom he remained until 2000. Subsequently, he joined The Special Goodness, The Offspring, and in 2005 became a founding member of Angels & Airwaves. In 2007 his departure from The Offspring was announced so Willard could focus on his work with Angels & Airwaves, and in April 2009 he also joined Social Distortion, but left the following March. In June 2011, he joined the band Danko Jones and in October 2011 he announced his amicable departure from Angels & Airwaves. He is currently the drummer for Against Me!.", "Q65506": "Flawil is a municipality in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland with slightly over 10,000 inhabitants.\nIt is the regional centre of Untertoggenburg, but belongs to the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Wil.", "Q116260": "Marshal R\u00e9mi Joseph Isidore Exelmans, 1st Comte Exelmans (13 November 1775 \u2013 22 June 1852) was a distinguished French soldier of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, as well as a political figure of the following period.\nHis name is inscribed on the southern pillar of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.", "Q12956": "G\u00e9rard Collomb (born 20 June 1947) is a French politician of the Socialist Party. He currently serves as Mayor of Lyon (previously occupied this post from March 2001 to July 2017) and was from May 2017 until October 2018 the Minister of the Interior in the Philippe Government. Unhappy with President Emmanuel Macron's government, Collomb resigned in order to run again for mayor of Lyon. He is currently municipal councillor for the city of Lyon and councillor for the Metropolis of Lyon.", "Q192160": "The Limits of Control is a 2009 American film written and directed by Jim Jarmusch, starring Isaach de Bankol\u00e9 as a solitary assassin, carrying out a job in Spain. Filming began in February 2008, and took place on location in Madrid, Seville and Almer\u00eda, Spain. The film was distributed by Focus Features. It received mixed reviews, and as of December 12, 2012, has a 43% rating on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, having been criticized for its slow pace and inaccessible dialogue while praising its beautiful cinematography and its ambitious scope.", "Q466202": "Henri Gautier, sometimes called Hubert Gautier (21 August 1660 \u2013 27 September 1737) was a French engineer. He was born in N\u00eemes, France.\nGautier initially trained as a medical doctor, turning to mathematics and finally engineering. He served as an engineer for 28 years in the province of Languedoc. He was appointed Inspecteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des ponts et chauss\u00e9es in 1713, and moved to Paris where he continued working until his retirement in 1731.\nIn 1716, he wrote the first book on building bridges, Trait\u00e9 des ponts.\nThe contractors do not hesitate to enrich themselves at the expense of the King or of those who work for them; & the engineers or inspectors of the works, on the contrary, have only in mind the honesty with which they act and to be highly esteemed; & they do not hesitate to regard the former as their enemies, when they are unfaithful.\nGautier wrote several published works on engineering, civil engineering and geology. He died in Paris, France at the age of 77.", "Q73364": "Karl Julius Heinrich Lange (13 April 1821 \u2013 30 April 1893) was a German cartographer.", "Q97790": "Joachim Werneburg (born July 15, 1953 in Erfurt, Germany) is a German writer who publishes lyric-epic texts and short prose.", "Q182373": "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is a 2008 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and the fourth installment in the Indiana Jones series. Released nineteen years after the previous film, the film is set in 1957, pitting Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) against Soviet agents\u2014led by Irina Spalko (Cate Blanchett)\u2014searching for a telepathic crystal skull. Jones is aided by his former lover, Marion Ravenwood (Karen Allen), and her son, Mutt Williams (Shia LaBeouf). Ray Winstone, John Hurt, and Jim Broadbent are also part of the supporting cast.\nScreenwriters Jeb Stuart, Jeffrey Boam, Frank Darabont, and Jeff Nathanson wrote drafts before David Koepp's script satisfied the producers. The filmmakers intended to pay tribute to the science fiction B-movies of the 1950s era. Shooting began on June 18, 2007, at various locations in New Mexico, New Haven, Connecticut, Hawaii, and Fresno, California, as well as on sound stages in Los Angeles. To maintain aesthetic continuity with the previous films, the crew relied on traditional stunt work instead of computer-generated stunt doubles, and cinematographer Janusz Kami\u0144ski studied Douglas Slocombe's style from the previous films.\nThe film premiered at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival on May 18, 2008, and was released worldwide on May 22, 2008 and received generally mixed reviews, with critics praising the film for the performances, action scenes, John Williams' musical score, and the costume design, but criticizing the dialogue, storyline, pacing, and overuse of CGI. It was also a financial success like the previous three films in the series, grossing over $790 million worldwide, becoming the franchise's highest-grossing film when not adjusted for inflation, as well as the second-highest-grossing film of 2008. A fifth film is scheduled for release on July 29, 2022, with Ford set to reprise his role.", "Q159577": "Li Lianjie (courtesy name Yangzhong; born 26 April 1963), better known by his stage name Jet Li, is a Chinese film actor, film producer, martial artist, and retired Wushu champion who was born in Beijing. He is a naturalized Singaporean citizen.After three years of training with acclaimed Wushu teacher Wu Bin, Li won his first national championship for the Beijing Wushu Team. After retiring from competitive Wushu at age 19, he went on to win great acclaim in China as an actor, making his debut with the film Shaolin Temple (1982). He went on to star in many critically acclaimed martial arts epic films, most notably as the lead in Zhang Yimou's Hero (2002), Fist of Legend (1994), and the first three films in the Once Upon a Time in China series (1991\u20131993), in which he portrayed folk hero Wong Fei-hung.\nLi's first role in a non-Chinese film was as a villain in Lethal Weapon 4 (1998), and his first leading role in a Hollywood film was as Han Sing in Romeo Must Die (2000). He has gone on to star in many international action films, including in French cinema with the Luc Besson-produced films Kiss of the Dragon (2001) and Unleashed (2005). He co-starred in The One (2001) and War (2007) with Jason Statham, The Forbidden Kingdom (2008) with Jackie Chan, all three of The Expendables films with Sylvester Stallone, and as the title character villain in The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor (2008).", "Q549593": "Czerwone Gitary (The Red Guitars) is one of the most popular rock bands in the history of Polish popular music. The band formed in 1965 and achieved its greatest success from 1965 to 1970. Often considered the Polish equivalent of the Beatles, many of their hits are now classics in Poland. The group toured extensively outside Poland (in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, United States, Germany and Soviet Union) but had mostly disappeared from the Polish scene by the 1980s. The band reformed in the 1990s.", "Q92830": "Subhash Kak (born 26 March 1947 in Srinagar) is an Indian-American computer scientist and a Hindutva-based historical revisionist. He is the Regents Professor of Computer Science Department at Oklahoma State University\u2013Stillwater and honorary visiting professor of engineering at Jawaharlal Nehru University.Kak has published on the history of science, the philosophy of science, ancient astronomy, and the history of mathematics. Kak has also published on archaeoastronomy, and advocated the idea of Indigenous Aryans. Scholars have rejected his theories on these topics in entirety, and his writings have been heavily criticized.In 2019, Government of India awarded him with Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in India.", "Q520525": "Eden Brent (born November 16, 1965 in Greenville, Mississippi, United States) is an American musician on the independent Yellow Dog Records label. A blues pianist and vocalist, she combines boogie-woogie with elements of blues, jazz, soul, gospel and pop. Her vocal style has been compared to Bessie Smith, Memphis Minnie and Aretha Franklin. She took lessons from Abie \"Boogaloo\" Ames, a traditional blues and boogie woogie piano player and eventually earned the nickname \"Little Boogaloo.\"In 2006, she won the Blues Foundation's International Blues Challenge. Along with other awards, Brent garnered two 2009 Blues Music Awards - one for Acoustic Artist of the Year, the other for Acoustic Album of the Year (Mississippi Number One). At The 14th Annual Independent Music Awards in 2015, Eden Brent won the award in the \"Holiday Song\" category for \"Valentine\".", "Q78231": "Charles Hueber (21 August 1883 in Guebwiller \u2013 18 August 1943 in Strasbourg) was an Alsatian politician. He was the mayor of Strasbourg between 1929 and 1935, and a member of the French National Assembly twice.Hueber became involved in political struggles at a young age. In 1900 he founded the Alsatian section of the Metal Workers Trade Union. In 1910 he became the secretary of the Social Democratic Party branch in Alsace-Lorraine. He fought in the German Army during World War I, and became a sergeant. During the revolutionary upsurge of 1918, Hueber acted as the chairman of the Strasbourg Soldiers Council.At the end of the war, Hueber argued in favour of the creation of an independent, neutral Alsatian state.During the December 1920 Congress of Tours, Hueber and a several other Alsatian delegates supported the call to form a French Communist Party. A month later, he founded the communist newspaper Die Neue Welt. Hueber became the most prominent figure of the Communist Party in Alsace. He later became the editor of the Alsatian edition of l'Humanit\u00e9.In 1923 Hueber took part in an international communist meeting in Essen, organized to protest the French occupation of the Ruhr. He was arrested by French authorities for his participation in the event, a fact that elevated his standing within the Communist Party. He was imprisoned at La Sant\u00e9 Prison. The fame he achieved from being arrested helped him to get elected to the French National Assembly the following year. Hueber was elected from the 1st constituency of Bas-Rhin.Hueber was elected mayor of Strasbourg in 1929 by the Volksfront (a coalition of communists and clerical autonomists). Hueber claimed that the electoral pact was a coalition of anti-imperialist forces. He was expelled from the Communist Party in the autumn of 1929. He became one of the main leaders of the Opposition Communist Party of Alsace-Lorraine (KPO).During the period of 1933 and 1936 Hueber and his followers gradually moved towards pro-Nazi positions. However, he publicly denied to being antisemitic. In 1935 the Volksfront fell apart as the Republican People's Union (UPR) deserted it. Hueber lost his seat as Mayor to Charles Frey as the coalition that had backed him disappeared.He was re-elected to the National Assembly in 1936.During both of Hueber's National Assembly tenures, he formed part of the committee on Alsace-Lorraine. Hueber frequently addressed the Assembly in Alsatian language. On 8 December 1927 Hueber held a speech in Alsatian in the National Assembly, the content of which were so shocking for the Assembly that large chunks were stricken from the official protocol. Hueber had attacked the status of the French language in Alsace-Lorraine, stating that France was oppressing the Alsatian working class and that Alsace was under French colonial rule.Hueber escaped arrest in the 1939 crackdown on Alsatian autonomist leaders, due to his deteriorating health. Hueber did not take part in the 1940 Congress of Vichy vote.In 1941, Hueber became a functionary of the NSDAP. On 14 February 1942 Hueber was appointed municipal councilor of Strasbourg by the German authorities.", "Q363653": "Mervyn Ian Guy Hamilton, DSC (16 September 1922 \u2013 20 April 2016) was an English film director. He directed 22 films from the 1950s to the 1980s, including four James Bond films.", "Q77102": "Maximillian Adolph Otto Siegfried \"Max\" Schmeling (German: [\u02c8\u0283me\u02d0l\u026a\u014b]; 28 September 1905 \u2013 2 February 2005) was a German boxer who was heavyweight champion of the world between 1930 and 1932. His two fights with Joe Louis in 1936 and 1938 were worldwide cultural events because of their national associations. Schmeling is the only boxer to win the world heavyweight championship on a foul.\nStarting his professional career in 1924, Schmeling went to the United States in 1928 and, after a ninth-round technical knockout of Johnny Risko, became a sensation. He became the first to win the heavyweight championship (at that time vacant) by disqualification in 1930, after opponent Jack Sharkey knocked him down with a low blow in the fourth round. Schmeling retained his crown successfully in 1931 by a technical knockout victory over Young Stribling. A rematch in 1932 with Sharkey saw the American gaining the title from Schmeling by a controversial fifteen-round split decision. In 1933, Schmeling lost to Max Baer by a tenth-round technical knockout. The loss left people believing that Schmeling was past his prime. Meanwhile, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party took over control in Germany, and Schmeling came to be viewed as a Nazi puppet. The same year, he married Czech film actress Anny Ondra.\nIn 1936, Schmeling knocked out American rising star Joe Louis, placing him as the number one contender for Jim Braddock's title, but Louis got the fight and knocked Braddock out to win the championship in 1937. Schmeling finally got a chance to regain his title in 1938, but Louis knocked him out in one round. During World War II, Schmeling served with the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) as an elite paratrooper (Fallschirmj\u00e4ger). After the war, Schmeling mounted a comeback, but retired permanently in 1948. After retiring from boxing, Schmeling worked for The Coca-Cola Company. Schmeling became friends with Louis, and their friendship lasted until the latter's death in 1981. Schmeling died in 2005 aged 99, a sporting hero in his native Germany. Long after the Second World War, it was revealed that Schmeling had risked his life to save the lives of two Jewish children in 1938. At the age of 99, Schmeling is the longest living heavyweight boxing champion in history.\nIn 2003, Schmeling was ranked 55 on The Ring magazine's list of 100 greatest punchers of all time.", "Q981776": "Demir Demirkan (Turkish pronunciation: [de\u02c8mi\u027e demi\u027e\u02c8kan]) (born 12 August 1972) is a Turkish musician, Eurovision Song Contest winning composer, formerly guitarist for thrash metal band Mezarkabul. Demir Demirkan started his music life when he was 13 and played guitar with various groups in college. Demir Demirkan also wrote television jingles and composed soundtracks for television and films.", "Q189226": "Amanda Michelle Seyfried ( SY-fred; born December 3, 1985) is an American actress, model and singer. Born and raised in Allentown, Pennsylvania, Seyfriend began modelling when she was 11 and ventured into acting when she was 15 with recurring roles as Lucy Montgomery on the CBS soap opera As the World Turns (1999-2001) and Joni Stafford on the ABC soap All My Children (2003). She gained prominence following her feature film debut in the teen comedy Mean Girls (2004) and her recurring role as Lilly Kane on the UPN television series Veronica Mars (2004\u20132006). She went on to have supporting roles in independent films such as Nine Lives (2005) and Alpha Dog (2006), and portrayed Sarah Henrickson on the HBO series Big Love (2006-2011). \nSeyfriend went to gain leading roles in a number of successful films, starring in the musical feature film Mamma Mia! (2008), the horror film Solstice (2008), the black comedy Jennifer's Body (2009), the erotic thriller Chloe (2009), the romantic-drama Dear John (2010), romantic comedy Letters to Juliet (2010), the romance horror Red Riding Hood (2011), the science-fiction action film In Time (2011), the musical Les Mis\u00e9rables (2012), for which she was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, the mystery thriller Gone (2012), the biographical drama Lovelace (2013), the romantic-comedy The Big Wedding (2013), the Seth MacFarlane comedies A Million Ways to Die in the West (2014) and Ted 2 (2015), the fantasy film Pan (2015), the dramas Fathers and Daughters (2016) and First Reformed (2017), the comedy The Clapper (2017), the sceince-fiction film Anon (2018), the crime comedy Gringo (2018), Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (2018), and the comedy-drama The Art of Racing in the Rain (2019).", "Q14192383": "19 Recordings Inc. (registered in the United Kingdom as 19 Recordings Ltd.) is a New York-based record label owned by 19 Entertainment. Founded in London by British entrepreneur Simon Fuller in 1999 as the music division of 19 Entertainment, the label is one of the top record imprints as compiled by Billboard in 2012. 19 Recordings has the exclusive rights to sign contestants of the television series Idols. Since 2005, it shifted its main operations to the United States following CKX, Inc.'s ( CORE Media Group) acquisition of 19 Entertainment.\nFrom 1999\u20132000, EMI has distributed its recordings. From 2001\u20132004, releases by most of the artists signed to 19 Recordings were distributed by Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG). Following BMG's merger with Sony Music Entertainment to form Sony BMG, RCA Music Group has distributed releases by 19 Recordings from 2005\u20132010. Since 2011, 19 Recordings partnered with Universal Music Group for distribution through Interscope Geffen A&M. Out of the dozens of Idol alum to have signed to the label, only 7 have continued their contract.", "Q125872": "William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland (1 March 1709 \u2013 1 May 1762), styled Viscount Woodstock from 1709 to 1716 and Marquess of Titchfield from 1716 to 1726, was a British peer and politician.\nPortland was the son of Henry Bentinck, 1st Duke of Portland and his wife Elizabeth Noel, daughter of Wriothesley Baptist Noel, 2nd Earl of Gainsborough. He succeeded his father in the dukedom as a teen in 1726. He was an original governor of the Foundling Hospital in London, founded in 1739, and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1741. On 11 June 1734 he married Lady Margaret Harley, daughter of Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer. They had six children:\n\nLady Elizabeth Bentinck (Welbeck Abbey, 27 June 1735 \u2013 25 December 1825, London), who married Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath (1734\u20131796)\nLady Henrietta Bentinck (8 February 1737 \u2013 4 June 1827), who married George Grey, 5th Earl of Stamford (1737\u20131819)\nWilliam Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland (b. 14 April 1738 \u2013 d. 30 October 1809), who married Lady Dorothy Cavendish (1750\u20131794) daughter of William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire\nLady Margaret Bentinck (26 July 1739 \u2013 28 April 1756)\nLady Frances Bentinck (9 April 1741 \u2013 March 1743)\nLord Edward Charles Cavendish-Bentinck (3 March 1744 \u2013 8 October 1819), married Elizabeth Cumberland (d. 1837)The Duke did not seek any public office, but focused on his family life at the family seat, Bulstrode Park.Portland is identified in The Handy-Book of Literary Curiosities (1909) as one of the perpetrators of The Great Bottle Hoax of 1749, in which a large crowd was lured to a London theatre with the expectation of seeing a man jump into a \"quart bottle\".\nPortland died in May 1762, aged 53, was buried at Westminster Abbey. He was succeeded in the dukedom by his eldest son William, who became Prime Minister of Great Britain. The Duchess of Portland died in 1785.", "Q164190": "Bad Reputation is a 2005 American slasher film written and directed by Jim Hemphill.", "Q85394": "Ren\u00e9 F\u00fcl\u00f6p-Miller, born Philip M\u00fcller (17 February 1891 \u2013 17 May 1963) was an Austrian cultural historian and writer. He was born to an Alsatian immigrant and a Serbian mother in Kar\u00e1nsebes, Austria-Hungary (now Caransebe\u015f, Romania) and died in Hanover, New Hampshire.His father was a pharmacist and his mother was born a Brancovi\u010d, a family which played an important role in the military border region of southeastern Banat. \nHe studied pharmacy, anatomy and psychiatry in Vienna, Berlin, Paris and Lausanne from 1909 to 1912. His teachers included Forel, Babinski and Freud. After his study, he worked in his father's pharmacy, but did not stay long. During the First World War he served on the Russian front. At this time he met the well-known Budapest opera singer Hedy Bendiner and married her. After the war, he worked as a journalist in various languages: he wrote in Hungarian for newspapers in Budapest and Kronstadt, he published German articles in Hermannstadt and Temeswar, and in Bucharest he worked for a respected Romanian press. Curiosity and a thirst for knowledge led him to the Soviet Union to study its cultural life. His first success as an author was with The Mind and Face of Bolshevism: An Examination of Cultural Life in Soviet Russia, published originally in German in 1926. This book is notable for the fact that at this date, Stalin does not appear to figure at all in the cultural life of the USSR. The book is still relevant as a deep analysis of the shipwreck of a state-censored culture. He followed this book with two more in quick succession, Lenin and Gandhi and Rasputin: The Holy Devil. The first book contrasted the violent revolutionary and the peaceful rebel and the second, the contradiction of a holy man who was a magnet for women. His most successful book was The Power and Secret of the Jesuits, which was still being reprinted after 1945. Through his travels in Europe and his work in renowned newspapers and on radio throughout the German speaking areas, F\u00fcl\u00f6p-Miller became a respected author in the time of the Weimar Republic.\nIn the 1930's, he went into self-imposed exile in America. He defined \"Americanism\" as a counter-cultural spirit to the world of faith. In Die Fantasiemaschine: Eine Saga der Gewinnsucht [\"The Fantasy Machine: A Saga of Greed\"] (1931), together with Joseph Gregor, he looked at the history of American theatre and cinema for evidence of the distorted image of the consumer world. This theme was continued in his English language essay, Dehumanization in Modern Society (1955). His first work of fiction was Katzenmusik [\"Caterwauling\"] (dated 1936 but 1935; trans Richard Winston as Sing, Brat, Sing 1947), a satirical tale of a four year old musical prodigy. His later fiction includes The Night of Time (trans Richard and Clara Winston from manuscript 1955) and The Silver Bacchanal (trans Richard and Clara Winston from manuscript 1960), two surreal tales set in the fictional city of Drohitz. He gave lectures on the history of European culture at Dartmouth College in Hanover and Hunter College in New York. Like many authors of the Weimar Republic and the exile generation, he has long disappeared from the public memory.", "Q1346832": "Moses Michael Levi Barrow (born Jamal Michael Barrow; November 8, 1978), better known by the stage name Shyne, is a Belizean rapper. Barrow was born in Belize, but moved to New York as a child to live with his mother, and began his music career in the United States. He is perhaps best known for his 2000 singles \"Bad Boyz\" and \"Bonnie & Shyne\". He also wrote and performed on many multi platinum albums such as Usher's \"Confessions\", Lil Wayne's \"Carter IV\", Notorious B.I.G's \"Born Again\", Mase's \"Double Up\" and Puff Daddy's \"Forever\" among other top selling albums during his tenure with his former label Bad Boy Records and Def Jam Recordings.\nShyne and his mother lived in the Brooklyn neighborhood of East Flatbush, where he became a musician and rapper after being discovered in a barbershop by Imani Hayley. On the verge of releasing his debut album, he was involved in a nightclub shooting incident on December 27, 1999, and in June 2001 he was convicted of assault and sentenced to 10 years in prison. His 2000 debut album was still a success, and he continued to record music while incarcerated.\nWhile serving his prison sentence, Shyne became interested in Judaism, and later became observant, practicing Orthodox Judaism, officially changing his name to Moses Michael Levi Barrow in 2006. After being released from prison in 2009, he was deported to Belize. He has since been appointed the country's Ambassador of Music charged with sustainable development of the Music industry in Belize. He has donated hundreds of thousands of dollars to develop the Music industry in Belize.", "Q229996": "Jean Marie Auel (; n\u00e9e Untinen; born February 18, 1936) is an American writer who wrote the Earth's Children books, a series of novels set in prehistoric Europe that explores human activities during this time, and touches on the interactions of Cro-Magnon people with Neanderthals. Her books have sold more than 45 million copies worldwide.", "Q266059": "Emilio Carrere (Madrid, 18 December 1881 - Madrid, 30 April 1947) was a Spanish writer. He is best known for his 1920 gothic historical novel La torre de los siete jorobados (Eng: The Tower of the Seven Hunchbacks). In 1944, this was the basis for the film, La torre de los siete jorobados, directed by Edgar Neville.\n\n", "Q78966": "Berthold Viertel (28 June 1885 - 24 September 1953) was an Austrian screenwriter and film director, known for his work in Germany, the UK and the US.\n\n", "Q2043093": "Tor Ragnar Nessling MSc (diplomi-insin\u00f6\u00f6ri) (6 September 1901 \u2013 23 November 1971) was a leading Finnish industrialist, entrepreneur and engineer. For nearly four decades he was the general manager of the Finnish heavy vehicle producer Suomen Autoteollisuus (SAT). His contribution to national development was officially recognized by the Finnish President who appointed Nessling as a \"Vuorineuvos\".Nessling became head of SAT in 1932, soon after the company's foundation. He developed the business in an era when only few believed in the possibility of a Finnish automotive industry, and a decade later had become the company's majority shareholder. Nessling took a patriarchal approach to his leadership of the company, which he built into a producer of trucks, bus chassis, rail vehicles and specialist terminal tractors. Nessling lost his controlling shareholding following a merger in 1968, resigned in 1970 and died the following year.", "Q487201": "Minot ( (listen) MY-not) is a city in and the county seat of Ward County, North Dakota, United States, in the state's north-central region. It is most widely known for the Air Force base located approximately 15 miles (24 km) north of the city. With a population of 40,888 at the 2010 census, Minot is the fourth largest city in the state and a trading center for a large portion of northern North Dakota, southwestern Manitoba, and southeastern Saskatchewan. Founded in 1886 during the construction of James J. Hill's Great Northern Railway, Minot is also known as \"Magic City\", commemorating its remarkable growth in size over a short time.\nMinot is the principal city of the Minot micropolitan area, a micropolitan area that covers McHenry, Renville, and Ward counties and had a combined population of 69,540 at the 2010 census. In 2017, it was estimated that the population of the Minot Micropolitan Area was 77,309.", "Q49563": "Noriko It\u014d (\u4f0a\u6771 \u7bc4\u5b50, It\u014d Noriko, born May 31, 1962), better known by the stage name of Noriko Hidaka (\u65e5\u9ad9 \u306e\u308a\u5b50, Hidaka Noriko), is a Japanese actress, voice actress, singer and narrator. She played Akane Tendo in Ranma \u00bd, Satsuki Kusakabe in My Neighbor Totoro, Near in Death Note, Seta S\u014djir\u014d in Rurouni Kenshin, Jean Roque Raltique in Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water and Kikyo in Inuyasha. She is also the dub actress for Jayma Mays in the American TV series Glee, as well as in The Smurfs film series.", "Q66580": "Galgenen is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.", "Q434975": "Brigadier Juan Mackenna (October 26, 1771 \u2013 November 21, 1814) was an Irish-born, Chilean military officer and hero of the Chilean War of Independence. He is considered to have been the creator of the Corps of Military Engineers of the Chilean Army.", "Q886": "The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life, epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture and society, television, and the human condition.\nThe family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks. Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after his own family members, substituting Bart for his own name. The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19, 1987. After three seasons, the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became Fox's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season (1989\u201390).\nSince its debut on December 17, 1989, 680 episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast. It is the longest-running American sitcom, and the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, both in terms of seasons and number of episodes. The Simpsons Movie, a feature-length film, was released in theaters worldwide on July 27, 2007, and grossed over $527 million. Then on October 30, 2007, a video game was released. The Simpsons was renewed on February 6, 2019 for a thirty-first and thirty-second season. The former began airing September 29, 2019 and will conclude on May 17, 2020, and the latter of which will contain the 700th episode. The Simpsons is a joint production by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television and syndicated by 20th Television.The Simpsons received acclaim throughout its first nine or ten seasons, which are generally considered its \"Golden Age\". Time named it the 20th century's best television series, and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it \"television's crowning achievement regardless of format\". On January 14, 2000, the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series, including 34 Primetime Emmy Awards, 34 Annie Awards, and a Peabody Award. Homer's exclamatory catchphrase \"D'oh!\" has been adopted into the English language, while The Simpsons has influenced many other later adult-oriented animated sitcoms. However, it has also been criticized for a perceived decline in quality over the years.", "Q82174": "Bra\u0219ov (UK: , US: , Romanian: [bra\u02c8\u0283ov] (listen); Latin: Corona; German: Kronstadt; Transylvanian Saxon: Kruhnen; Hungarian: Brass\u00f3) is a city in Romania and the administrative centre of Bra\u0219ov County.\nAccording to the latest Romanian census (2011), Bra\u0219ov has a population of 253,200 making it the 7th most populous city in Romania. The metropolitan area is home to 382,896 residents.Bra\u0219ov is located in the central part of the country, about 166 kilometres (103 miles) north of Bucharest and 380 kilometres (236 miles) from the Black Sea. It is surrounded by the Southern Carpathians and is part of the historical region of Transylvania.\nThe city is notable for being the regional capital of the Transylvanian Saxons of the Burzenland (Romanian: \u021aara B\u00e2rsei) administrative area in the past, and a large commercial hub on the trade roads between East and West. It is also the birthplace of the national anthem of Romania.", "Q738649": "\u1e24amdall\u0101h Mustawf\u012b Qazv\u012bn\u012b (1281\u20131349; Persian: \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200e) was a Persian historian, geographer and epic poet who was descended from a family of Arab origin.Mustawfi is the author of Nuzhat Al Qulub (\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628), Zafar-Nameh (\u0638\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647), and the Tarikh e Gozideh (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u06af\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0647). His tomb is a structure with a blue turquoise conical dome, at Qazvin.", "Q67846": "Scheunen (German: \"barn\") is a former municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Scheunen and M\u00fcnchringen merged into the municipality of Jegenstorf.", "Q163370": "William (Bill) David Mensch, Jr. (born February 9, 1945), is an American electrical engineer born in Quakertown, Pennsylvania. He was a major contributor to the design of the Motorola 6800 8-bit microprocessor, was part of the small team led by Chuck Peddle that created the MOS Technology 6502, and he designed the 16-bit successor to the 6502, the 65816.Mensch is the founder, chairman, and chief executive officer (CEO) of the Western Design Center (WDC) located in Mesa, Arizona. Before founding WDC in 1978, Mensch held design engineering and management positions at Philco-Ford, Motorola, MOS Technology, and Integrated Circuit Engineering. At WDC, Mensch worked mainly on extending and expanding the 6502 architecture. His designs are used widely in embedded systems and implantable, electronic, life-support devices.", "Q325389": "David Allan Stewart (born 9 September 1952) is an English musician, songwriter and record producer, best known for Eurythmics, his successful professional partnership with Annie Lennox. He is usually credited as David A. Stewart, to avoid confusion with other musicians named Dave Stewart. He won Best British Producer at the 1986, 1987 and 1990 Brit Awards.", "Q11708": "Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the regions that are geographically south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent and north-west of Australia. Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia and the Indian Ocean. The region is the only part of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere, although the majority of it is in the Northern Hemisphere. In contemporary definition, Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions:\n\nMainland Southeast Asia, also known historically as Indochina, comprising Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam.Maritime Southeast Asia, also known historically as Nusantara, the East Indies, or the Malay Archipelago, comprising the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), Ashmore and Cartier Islands (Australia), Brunei, Christmas Island (Australia), the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australia), East Malaysia, East Timor, Indonesia (except Western New Guinea, which is considered a part of the Australian continent), the Philippines and Singapore.The region lies near the intersection of geological plates, with both heavy seismic and volcanic activities. The Sunda Plate is the main plate of the region, featuring almost all Southeast Asian countries except Myanmar, northern Thailand, northern Laos, northern Vietnam, and northern Luzon of the Philippines. The mountain ranges in Myanmar, Thailand, and peninsular Malaysia are part of the Alpide belt, while the islands of the Philippines are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. Both seismic belts meet in Indonesia, causing the region to have relatively high occurrences of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.Southeast Asia covers about 4.5 million km2 (1.7 million mi2), which is 10.5% of Asia or 3% of earth's total land area. Its total population is more than 655 million, about 8.5% of the world's population. It is the third most populous geographical region in the world after South Asia and East Asia. The region is culturally and ethnically diverse, with hundreds of languages spoken by different ethnic groups. Ten countries in the region are members of ASEAN, a regional organization established for economic, political, military, educational and cultural integration amongst its members.\n\n", "Q3762885": "Giancarlo Ligabue (30 October 1931 \u2013 25 January 2015) was an Italian palaeontologist, scholar, politician and businessman.\nBorn in Venice, Ligabue graduated in Economics at the Ca' Foscari University of Venice and in Geology at la Sorbonne, and later he also received five honorary degrees from the universities of Bologna, Venice, Modena, Lima and Ashgabat. He participated or directed over 130 expeditions around the world, and he made several paleontological discoveries, such as the Ligabueino, a noasaurid dinosaur named after him, and such as the unearthed deposits of hominid and dinosaurs fossils in the T\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 desert. He collaborated with Piero Angela to several science documentaries. He was president of the Natural History Museum of Venice and founder of the Ligabue Study and Research Centre in Venice.Ligabue was also businessman in the field of supplies and services for ships. He was the president of the basketball team Reyer Venezia Mestre between the early sixties and early eighties. He was also a member of the European Parliament for Forza Italia within the Forza Europa group between 1994 and 1999.", "Q102942": "Jester Naefe (1924\u20131967) was an Austrian stage and film actress. She became a leading star of German cinema in the 1950s, but was forced to retire at the height of her fame due to illness.\n\n", "Q64397": "Shere Hite (born November 2, 1942) is an American-born German sex educator and feminist. Her sexological work has focused primarily on female sexuality. Hite builds upon biological studies of sex by Masters and Johnson and by Alfred Kinsey. She also references theoretical, political and psychological works associated with the feminist movement of the 1970s, such as Anne Koedt's The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm. She renounced her United States citizenship in 1995 to become German.", "Q232187": "Alexandra Elizabeth Kingston (born 11 March 1963) is an English actress who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. Active from the early 1980s, Kingston became noted for her television work in both Britain and the US in the 1990s, including her portrayal of the title role in the British miniseries The Fortunes and Misfortunes of Moll Flanders (1996) and her regular role as Dr. Elizabeth Corday in the NBC medical drama ER (1997\u20132004).\nLater credits include the recurring role of River Song in the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who (2008\u20132015), Mrs. Bennet in the ITV1 period-drama fantasy Lost in Austen (2008) and Dinah Lance in The CW's superhero fiction drama series Arrow (2013\u20132016).", "Q193929": "Suresnes (French pronunciation: \u200b[sy.\u0281\u025bn]) is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. Located in Hauts-de-Seine, 9.3 km (5.8 mi) from the centre of Paris, it had a population of 49,145 as of 2016. The nearest communes are Neuilly-sur-Seine, Puteaux, Rueil-Malmaison, Saint-Cloud and Boulogne-Billancourt. It is served by two stops on \u00cele-de-France tramway Line 2 and a Transilien station, giving access to La D\u00e9fense and its RER A and Paris M\u00e9tro Line 1 services. The H\u00f4pital Foch is situated in the town centre.", "Q1396434": "Nitin Sawhney (; born 1964) is a British Indian musician, producer and composer. A recipient of the Ivor Novello Lifetime Achievement award in 2017, his work combines Asian and other worldwide influences with elements of jazz and electronica and often explores themes such as multiculturalism, politics, and spirituality. Sawhney is also active in the promotion of arts and cultural matters, and is a patron of numerous film festivals, venues, and educational institutions.", "Q291638": "Anne-Cath. Vestly (15 February 1920 \u2013 15 December 2008) was a Norwegian author of children\u2019s literature. She is known for a wide range of children's books published from 1953 to 2004. Vestly was best known for her series about a grandmother (Mormor) who looked after and shared numerous adventures with a flock of eight children.", "Q310332": "William \"Smokey\" Robinson Jr. (born February 19, 1940) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and former record executive. Robinson was the founder and frontman of the Motown vocal group the Miracles, for which he was also chief songwriter and producer. Robinson led the group from its 1955 origins as \"the Five Chimes\" until 1972, when he announced a retirement from the group to focus on his role as Motown's vice president. However, Robinson returned to the music industry as a solo artist the following year. Following the sale of Motown Records in 1988, Robinson left the company in 1990.\nRobinson was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, and was awarded the 2016 Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for his lifetime contributions to popular music.", "Q2399257": "Ellen Browning Scripps (October 18, 1836 \u2013 August 3, 1932) was an American journalist and philanthropist who was the founding donor of several major institutions in Southern California. She and her brother E.W. Scripps created America's largest chain of newspapers, linking Midwestern industrial cities with booming towns in the West. By the 1920s, Ellen Browning Scripps was worth an estimated $30 million (or $3.5 billion in 2016 dollars), most of which she gave away. \nIn 1924, she founded the Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), in the La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, CA. She appeared on the cover of Time magazine after founding Scripps College in Claremont, California. She also donated millions of dollars to organizations worldwide that promised to advance democratic principles and women's education. She never married.", "Q131350": "Nishapur or Nishabur (Persian: \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u200e; also romanized as N\u012bsh\u0101p\u016br, Ni\u0161\u00e2pur, Ni\u015fapur, N\u012bsh\u0101b\u016br, Neysh\u0101b\u016br, and Neeshapoor; from Middle Persian New-Shabuhr, meaning \"New City of Shapur\", \"Fair Shapur\", or \"Perfect built of Shapur\") is a city in Khorasan Razavi Province, capital of the Nishapur County and former capital of Khorasan Province, in northeastern Iran, situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Binalud Mountains. It had an estimated population of 239,185 as of 2011 and its county 433,105. Nearby are the turquoise mines that have supplied the world with turquoise for at least two millennia.\nThe city was founded in the 3rd century by Shapur I as a Sasanian satrapy capital. Nishapur later became the capital of Tahirid dynasty and was reformed by Abdullah Tahir in 830, and was later selected as the capital of Seljuk dynasty by Tughril in 1037. From the Abbasid era to the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia and Eastern Iran, the city evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center within the Islamic world. Nishapur, along with Merv, Herat and Balkh were one of the four great cities of Greater Khorasan and one of the greatest cities in the middle ages, a seat of governmental power in eastern of caliphate, a dwelling place for diverse ethnic and religious groups, a trading stop on commercial routes from Transoxiana and China, Iraq and Egypt.\nNishapur reached the height of its prosperity under the Samanids in the 10th century, but was destroyed and the entire population slaughtered by Mongols in 1221. This massacre, combined with subsequent earthquakes and other invasions are believed to have destroyed the pottery industry the city was known for.", "Q65089": "Ramosch is a former municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2013 the municipalities of Ramosch and Tschlin merged to form the new municipality of Valsot.", "Q213149": "Viking metal is a style of heavy metal music characterized by a lyrical and thematic focus on Norse mythology, Norse paganism, and the Viking Age. Viking metal is quite diverse as a musical style, to the point where some consider it more a cross-genre term than a genre, but it is typically seen as black metal with influences from Nordic folk music. Common traits include a slow-paced and heavy riffing style, anthemic choruses, use of both sung and harsh vocals, a reliance on folk instrumentation, and often the use of keyboards for atmospheric effect.\nViking metal emerged from black metal during the late 1980s and early 1990s, sharing with black metal an opposition to Christianity, but rejecting Satanism and occult themes in favor of the Vikings and paganism. It is similar, in lyrics, sound, and thematic imagery, to pagan metal, but pagan metal has a broader mythological focus and uses folk instrumentation more extensively. Most Viking metal bands originate from the Nordic countries, and nearly all bands claim that their members descend, directly or indirectly, from Vikings. Many scholars view Viking metal and the related black, pagan, and folk metal genres as part of broader modern Pagan movements and neo-v\u00f6lkisch movements, as well as part of a global movement of renewed interest in, and celebration of, local and regional ethnicities.\nThough artists such as Led Zeppelin, Yngwie Malmsteen, Heavy Load, and Manowar had previously dealt with Viking themes, Bathory from Sweden is generally credited with pioneering the style with its albums Blood Fire Death (1988) and Hammerheart (1990), which launched a renewed interest in the Viking Age among heavy metal musicians. Enslaved, from Norway, followed up on this burgeoning Viking trend with Hordanes Land (1993) and Vikingligr Veldi (1994). Burzum, Emperor, Einherjer, and Helheim, among others, helped further develop the genre in the early and mid-1990s. As early as 1989 with the founding of the German band Falkenbach, Viking metal began spreading from the Nordic countries to other nations with Viking history or an even broader Germanic heritage, and has since influenced musicians across the globe. The death metal bands Unleashed, Amon Amarth, and Ensiferum, which emerged in the early 1990s, also adopted Viking themes, broadening the style from its primarily black metal origin.", "Q168225": "Hebron (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0644\u200e al-Khal\u012bl or al-Khalil al-Rahman[4]; Hebrew: \u05d7\u05b6\u05d1\u05b0\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05df \u1e24evron) is a Palestinian city in the southern West Bank, 30 km (19 mi) south of Jerusalem. Nestled in the Judaean Mountains, it lies 930 meters (3,050 ft) above sea level. The largest city in the West Bank, and the second largest in the Palestinian territories after Gaza, it has a population of 215,452 Palestinians (2016), and between 500 and 850 Jewish settlers concentrated on the outskirts of the Old City of Hebron. Jews, Christians, and Muslims all venerate Hebron for its association with Abraham; it includes the traditional burial site of the biblical Patriarchs and Matriarchs, within the Cave of the Patriarchs. Judaism ranks Hebron the second-holiest city after Jerusalem, while some Muslims regard it as one of the four holy cities.The Hebron Protocol of 1997 divided the city into two sectors: H1, controlled by the Palestinian Authority, and H2, roughly 20% of the city, administered by Israel. All security arrangements and travel permits for local residents are coordinated between the Palestinian Authority and Israel via military administration of the West Bank (COGAT). The Jewish settlers have their own governing municipal body, the Committee of the Jewish Community of Hebron.\nHebron is a busy hub of West Bank trade, generating roughly a third of the area's gross domestic product, largely due to the sale of limestone from quarries in its area. It has a local reputation for its grapes, figs, limestone, pottery workshops and glassblowing factories, and has the major dairy-product manufacturer al-Juneidi. The old city of Hebron features narrow, winding streets, flat-roofed stone houses, and old bazaars. The city is home to Hebron University and Palestine Polytechnic University.Hebron is attached to cities of ad-Dhahiriya, Dura, Yatta, the surrounding villages with no borders. Hebron Governorate is the largest Palestinian governorate, with a population of 600,364 as of 2010.", "Q448470": "Steven Wayne Lindsey (born August 24, 1960) is a retired U.S. Air Force officer and NASA astronaut. Lindsey served as Chief of the NASA Astronaut Office from September 2006 until October 2009.", "Q1027051": "Calixa Lavall\u00e9e (December 28, 1842 \u2013 January 21, 1891) was a French-Canadian-American musician and Union Army band musician during the American Civil War. He is best known for composing the music for \"O Canada,\" which officially became the national anthem of Canada in 1980, after a vote in the Senate and the House of Commons. The same 1980 Act of Parliament also changed some of the English lyrics. A slight alteration to the English lyrics was made again in 2018. The original French lyrics and the music, however, have remained unchanged since 1880.", "Q45359": "James Chance and the Contortions (initially known simply as Contortions, a spin-off group is called James White and the Blacks) is a musical group led by saxophonist and vocalist James Chance, formed in 1977. They were a central act of New York City's downtown no wave music scene in the late 1970s, and were featured on the influential compilation No New York (1978).\n\n", "Q242460": "Gladys George (born Gladys Clare Evans, September 13, 1904 \u2013 December 8, 1954) was an American actress of stage and screen. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress in 1936, for her role in Valiant is the Name for Carrie. Most of her performances were in secondary parts, appearing in films such as The Maltese Falcon and The Best Years of Our Lives.", "Q669374": "Juan Ignacio Diego Palacios (born 18 May 1960 Castro Urdiales, Cantabria) is a Spanish politician and member of the Partido Popular. He has served as the President of Cantabria, one of Spain's seventeen autonomous regions, from 2011 to 2015. Diego's PP political party obtained an absolute majority in the Parliament of Cantabria in the regional elections held on 22 May 2011.\nIgnacio Diego was elected President of the Atlantic Arc Commission, a multi-national association of Atlantic European regions consisting of 26 political regions from France, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom, at a conference held from 31 May to 1 June 2012. Diego (and Cantabria) served a two-year term as President of the AAC from 2012 to 2014. His presidency succeeded that of the French region of Lower Normandy, which had held it from 2008 to 2012.", "Q168543": "Lupe Fuentes (born 27 January 1987) is a Colombian house music producer, DJ, and former pornographic actress. She lives in Los Angeles, California. Fuentes has been married to singer and actor Evan Seinfeld since 2011.", "Q1428": "Georgia () is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Georgia is the 24th largest in area and 8th-most populous of the 50 United States. Georgia is bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina, to the northeast by South Carolina, to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by Florida, and to the west by Alabama. Its 2019 estimated population was 10,617,423, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Atlanta, a \"beta(+)\" global city, is both the state's capital and its largest city. The Atlanta metropolitan area, with an estimated population of 5.9 million people in 2018, is the 9th most populous metropolitan area in the United States and contains about 56% of the entire state population.\nFounded in 1733 as a British colony, Georgia was the last and southernmost of the original Thirteen Colonies to be established. Named after King George II of Great Britain, the Colony of Georgia covered the area from South Carolina south to Spanish Florida and west to French Louisiana at the Mississippi River. On January 2, 1788, Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution. From 1802 to 1804, western Georgia was split to form the Mississippi Territory, which later was admitted as the U.S. states of Alabama and Mississippi. Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19, 1861, and was one of the original seven Confederate States. Following the Civil War, it was the last state to be restored to the Union, on July 15, 1870. In the post-Reconstruction era, Georgia's economy was transformed as a group of prominent politicians, businessmen, and journalists, led by Henry W. Grady, espoused the \"New South\" philosophy of sectional reconciliation, industrialization, and white supremacy. During the 20th century, several Georgians, most notably Martin Luther King, Jr., were prominent leaders during the civil rights movement. Since 1945, Georgia has seen substantial population growth as part of the broader Sun Belt phenomenon. From 2007 to 2008, 14 of Georgia's counties ranked among the nation's 100 fastest-growing.Georgia is defined by a diversity of landscapes, flora, and fauna. The state's northernmost regions include the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the larger Appalachian Mountain system. The Piedmont plateau extends from the foothills of the Blue Ridge south to the Fall Line, an escarpment to the coastal plain defining the state's southern region. Georgia's highest point is Brasstown Bald at 4,784 feet (1,458 m) above sea level; the lowest is the Atlantic Ocean. With the exception of some high-altitude areas in the Blue Ridge, the entirety of the state has a humid subtropical climate. Of the states entirely east of the Mississippi River, Georgia is the largest in land area.", "Q1133030": "Mark Paul \"Corky\" Siegel (born October 24, 1943) is an American musician, singer-songwriter, and composer. He plays harmonica and piano. He plays and writes blues and blues-rock music, and has also worked extensively on combining blues and classical music. He is best known as the co-leader of the Siegel-Schwall Band, and as the leader of the Chamber Blues group.", "Q129279": "Dysentery is a type of gastroenteritis that results in diarrhea with blood. Other symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, and a feeling of incomplete defecation. Complications may include dehydration.The cause of dysentery is usually the bacteria Shigella, in which case it is known as shigellosis, or the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. Other causes may include certain chemicals, other bacteria, other protozoa, or parasitic worms. It may spread between people. Risk factors include contamination of food and water with feces due to poor sanitation. The underlying mechanism involves inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon.Efforts to prevent dysentery include hand washing and food safety measures while traveling in areas of high risk. While the condition generally resolves on its own within a week, drinking sufficient fluids such as oral rehydration solution is important. Antibiotics such as azithromycin may be used to treat cases associated with travelling in the developing world. While medications used to decrease diarrhea such as loperamide are not recommended on their own, they may be used together with antibiotics.Shigella results in about 165 million cases of diarrhea and 1.1 million deaths a year with nearly all cases in the developing world. In areas with poor sanitation nearly half of cases of diarrhea are due to Entamoeba histolytica. Entamoeba histolytica affects millions of people and results in greater than 55,000 deaths a year. It commonly occurs in less developed areas of Central and South America, Africa, and Asia. Dysentery has been described at least since the time of Hippocrates.", "Q1246371": "Phyllis Nelson (October 3, 1950 \u2013 January 12, 1998) was an American singer, most famous for her 1985 song \"Move Closer\", which topped the chart in the United Kingdom. Her son is the singer and record producer, Marc Nelson.", "Q7059": "Bruchsal (orig. Bruohselle, Bruaselle, historically known in English as Bruxhall) is a city at the western edge of the Kraichgau, approximately 20 km northeast of Karlsruhe in the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is located on Bertha Benz Memorial Route.\nBruchsal is the largest city in the district of Karlsruhe and is known for being Europe's largest asparagus producer and one of the economic centers of the region of Karlsruhe. The Bruchsal area also includes the cities and towns of Bad Sch\u00f6nborn, Forst, Hambr\u00fccken, Karlsdorf-Neuthard, Kraichtal, Kronau, Oberhausen-Rheinhausen, \u00d6stringen, Philippsburg, Ubstadt-Weiher and Wagh\u00e4usel. Until 1972 Bruchsal was the seat of the district of Bruchsal, which was merged into the district of Karlsruhe as a result of the district reform, effective January 1, 1973.\nBruchsal's population passed the 20,000 mark around 1955. When the new Body of Municipal Law for Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg went into effect on April 1, 1956, the city was therefore immediately awarded Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt status. In addition, Bruchsal cooperates with the neighboring communities of Forst, Hambr\u00fccken and Karlsdorf-Neuthard in administrative matters.\n\n", "Q2879571": "Michael Levine is an American writer and public relations expert. He is the author of books on public relations including Guerrilla P.R. He has represented 58 Academy Award winners, 34 Grammy Award winners, and 43 New York Times best-sellers, including Michael Jackson, Barbra Streisand, and George Carlin among many others. His work has included non paid media counsel to former presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and Bill Clinton. Levine also appeared in POM Wonderful Presents: The Greatest Movie Ever Sold, the 2011 documentary by Morgan Spurlock.Levine has provided commentary for television and radio shows including Variety, Forbes, Fox News, The New York Times, and the USA Today. Levine has been referred to in different publications as the \"Michael Jordan of entertainment P.R.\"", "Q1557755": "Gu\u00f0mundur Steingr\u00edmsson (born 28 October 1972) is an Icelandic politician. He is the son and grandson of former Icelandic Prime Ministers Steingr\u00edmur Hermannsson and Hermann J\u00f3nasson.\n\n", "Q44721": "Wesley Louden Borland (born February 7, 1975) is an American rock musician and artist. He is best known as the current guitarist and backing vocalist of the American rap rock band Limp Bizkit and as the lead vocalist and guitarist of the alternative and industrial rock band Black Light Burns and the metal band Big Dumb Face.\nHe gained popularity when Limp Bizkit achieved mainstream success in the late 1990s and early 2000s. He formed Big Dumb Face with his brother Scott in 1998 and left Limp Bizkit in 2001 and started many side projects such as Eat the Day and The Damning Well. After rejoining Limp Bizkit in 2004, Borland founded Black Light Burns, with whom he has released three studio albums and a covers album. Limp Bizkit went on hiatus following the release of their album The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1) (2005). However, the band's original lineup reunited in 2009 and recorded their fifth studio album, Gold Cobra (2011). In 2016, Borland released his solo album Crystal Machete.\nBorland is known for his sonic experimentation and elaborate visual appearance, which has included face and body paint, masks and uniforms. He has drawn album covers and created artwork for many of his music projects as well as oil paintings. Borland was voted number 37 in Total Guitar's Top 100 Guitarists of All Time. Borland formed the label Edison Sound, which releases his own music projects.\n\n", "Q962604": "Chip Taylor (born James Wesley Voight; March 21, 1940) is an American songwriter, noted for writing \"Angel of the Morning\" and \"Wild Thing.\" His songs have been covered, and often made into hits, by a wide range of artists, including The Troggs, Merrilee Rush & The Turnabouts, P.P. Arnold, Janis Joplin, Juice Newton, Anne Murray, Ace Frehley, Jimi Hendrix, Chrissie Hynde, Linda Ronstadt, and Emmylou Harris.", "Q70484": "Field Marshal Sir Charles (Carl) August von Alten (21 October 1764 \u2013 20 April 1840) was a Hanoverian and British soldier who led the famous Light Division during the last two years of the Peninsular War. At the Battle of Waterloo, he commanded a division in the front line, where he was wounded. He later rose to the rank of Field Marshal in the Hanoverian army.\nAlten was the son of August Eberhard von Alten (1722\u20131789), a member of an old Hanoverian family, and Baroness Henriette Philippine Marie Hedwig von Vincke-Ostenwalde.Alten's older brother, Victor Alten (1755\u20131820) commanded a cavalry brigade in Wellington's army. Unlike his brother Charles, Victor is described as \"unsatisfactory\".", "Q28837": "Anesthesiology, anaesthesiology, anaesthesia or anaesthetics (see Terminology) is the medical speciality concerned with the total perioperative care of patients before, during and after surgery. It encompasses anesthesia, intensive care medicine, critical emergency medicine, and pain medicine. A physician specialised in this field of medicine is called an anesthesiologist, anaesthesiologist or anaesthetist, depending on the country (see Terminology).The core element of the specialty is the study and use of anesthesia and anesthetics to safely support a patient's vital functions through the perioperative period. Since the 19th century, anesthesiology has developed from an experimental area with non-specialist practitioners using novel, untested drugs and techniques into what is now a highly refined, safe and effective field of medicine. In some countries anesthesiologists comprise the largest single cohort of doctors in hospitals, and their role can extend far beyond the traditional role of anesthesia care in the operating room, including fields such as providing pre-hospital emergency medicine, running intensive care units, transporting critically ill patients between facilities, and prehabilitation programs to optimize patients for surgery.", "Q84263": "Wilhelm Miklas (15 October 1872 \u2013 20 March 1956) was an Austrian politician who served as President of Austria from 1928 until the Anschluss to Nazi Germany in 1938.", "Q3179026": "Jimmy Conlin (October 14, 1884 \u2013 May 7, 1962) was an American character actor who appeared in almost 150 films in his 32-year career.", "Q3023328": "Marc Louis Ecko (ne Milecofsky; born August 29, 1972) is an American fashion designer, entrepreneur, and artist. He is the founder and Chief Creative Officer of fashion company Ecko Unlimited. He also founded Complex magazine in 2002.", "Q60697": "Adolf Friedrich Albrecht Heinrich, Duke of Mecklenburg (German: Adolf Friedrich Albrecht Heinrich, Herzog zu Mecklenburg; 10 October 1873 \u2013 5 August 1969), was a German explorer in Africa, a colonial politician, the elected Duke of the United Baltic Duchy from 5 November to 28 November 1918, and the first president of the National Olympic Committee of West Germany (1949\u20131951).", "Q455421": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Revel (born Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Ricard; 19 January 1924 \u2013 30 April 2006) was a French journalist, philosopher, and a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise from June 1998 onwards. A socialist in his youth, Revel later became a prominent European proponent of classical liberalism and free market economics.\nRevel is best known for his books Without Marx or Jesus: The New American Revolution Has Begun, The Flight from Truth: The Reign of Deceit in the Age of Information and his 2002 book Anti-Americanism, one year after the September 11 attacks of 2001. In the last of these books, Revel criticized anti-Americanism and Europeans who argued that the United States had brought the terrorist attacks upon itself by misguided foreign policies: \"Obsessed by their hatred and floundering in illogicality, these dupes forget that the United States, acting in its own self-interest, is also acting in the interest of us Europeans and in the interests of many other countries which are threatened, or have already been subverted and ruined, by terrorism.\"\nIn 1975, he delivered the Huizinga Lecture in Leiden, Netherlands, under the title La tentation totalitaire (English: The Totalitarian Temptation).", "Q2408073": "NASA Astronaut Group 3 was a group of fourteen astronauts selected by NASA. Their selection was announced in October 1963. Four died in training accidents before they could fly in space. All of the surviving ten flew in the Apollo program; five also flew Gemini missions. Aldrin, Bean, Cernan and Scott walked on the Moon.\nGroup 3 was the first to waive the requirement of a test pilot background, though military jet fighter aircraft experience was substituted. This applied to Aldrin, Anders, Cernan, Chaffee, Cunningham and Schweickart; all the others were test pilots. On average, its members were younger, slightly taller and heavier than the previous two groups, and better educated.", "Q162708": "Jean-B\u00e9del Bokassa ([\u0292\u0251\u0303 bed\u025bl b\u0254kasa]; 22 February 1921 \u2013 3 November 1996), also known as Bokassa I, was a Central African political and military leader who served as the 2nd President of the Central African Republic and as the emperor of its successor state, the Central African Empire, from his Saint-Sylvestre coup d'\u00e9tat on 1 January 1966 until overthrown in a subsequent coup in 1979.\nOf this period, he served about 11 years as president and three years as self-proclaimed Emperor of Central Africa, though the country was still a de facto military dictatorship. His imperial regime lasted from 4 December 1976 to 21 September 1979. Following his overthrow, the CAR was restored under his predecessor, David Dacko. Bokassa's imperial title did not achieve international diplomatic recognition.\nIn his trial in absentia, he was tried and sentenced to death. He returned to the Central African Republic in 1986 and was put on trial for treason and murder. In 1987, he was cleared of charges of cannibalism, but found guilty of the murder of schoolchildren and other crimes. The death sentence was later commuted to life in solitary confinement, but he was freed in 1993. He lived a private life in Bangui, and died in November 1996.", "Q990492": "Richard Warrington Baldwin Lewis (November 1, 1917 - June 13, 2002) was an American literary scholar and critic. He gained a wider reputation when he won a 1976 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, the first National Book Critics Circle Award for nonfiction, and a Bancroft Prize for his biography of Edith Wharton. The New York Times called the book \"a beautifully wrought, rounded portrait of the whole woman, including the part of her that remained in shade during her life\" and said that the \"expansive, elegant biography ... can stand as literature, if nothing else.\"\nHe was the Neil Gray Professor of English and American Studies at Yale University, where he taught from 1959 until his retirement in 1988; from 1966 to 1972, he was master of Yale's Calhoun College. From 1954 to 1959 he taught at Rutgers\u2013Newark. In 1988 Lewis received a Litt.D. from Bates College. A member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Lewis received its Gold Medal for Biography in 2000.\nLewis is generally considered one of the founders of the academic field of American Studies. His interests ranged from criticism of American and European writers to biography and artistic criticism.\nLewis' career as critic involved him in the lives of many influential American and European thinkers and writers. \nLewis received his doctoral degree from the University of Chicago, where he studied under Norman Maclean, author of the novel A River Runs Through It and Other Stories. He and his wife and sometime co-author Nancy later became close friends with Southern writer Robert Penn Warren.\nLewis' first major work The American Adam: Innocence, Tragedy, and Tradition in the Nineteenth Century (1955) explored De Cr\u00e8vecoeur's idea of the American as a \"new man\" - an innocent Adam in a bright new world dissociating himself from the historic past. Lewis portrayed this preoccupation as a pervasive, transforming ingredient of the American mind that shaped the consciousness of lesser thinkers as fully as it shaped the giants of the age. The book traces the Adamic theme in the writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Henry James and others, and in his epilogue Lewis exposes its continuing spirit in the works of F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, Ralph Ellison, J. D. Salinger, and Saul Bellow.", "Q49205": "Wellesley College is a private women's liberal arts college in Wellesley, Massachusetts. Founded in 1870 by Henry and Pauline Durant, it is a member of the original Seven Sisters Colleges. Wellesley is home to 56 departmental and interdepartmental majors spanning the liberal arts, as well as over 150 student clubs and organizations. Wellesley athletes compete in the NCAA Division III New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference.\nAs of 2019, Wellesley was ranked the 3rd best liberal arts college in the United States by U.S. News & World Report. As of 2018, Wellesley is the highest endowed women's college in the world, with an endowment of $2.2 billion. In the United States, Wellesley has the 49th largest endowment among institutions of higher education.The college's robust alumnae base has been widely viewed as the \"most powerful women's network in the world.\" Notable alumnae include Hillary Rodham Clinton, Madeleine Albright, Katharine Lee Bates, Cokie Roberts, Diane Sawyer, Nora Ephron, Pamela Melroy, Marjory Stoneman Douglas, Soong Mei-ling, Diane Ravitch and Bing Xin.", "Q3891482": "Otto Bemberg (May 1, 1827 \u2013 March 2, 1896) was a German Argentine businessman prominent in the development of early Argentine industry.\n\n", "Q228875": "Georgina Helen Henley (born 9 July 1995) is an English actress, best known for her portrayal of Lucy Pevensie throughout The Chronicles of Narnia film series.", "Q3940967": "Ron Foxcroft (born November 5, 1945) is a Canadian businessman and former basketball referee. He is the Chairman, Founder & CEO of Fox 40 International, a company best known for manufacturing whistles, and CEO & Chairman of the Fluke Transportation Group, a transportation, warehousing and distribution specialist. Both companies are headquartered in Foxcroft's hometown of Hamilton, Ontario.\nFoxcroft bought the Fluke Transportation Group and built it from 3 trucks to 176 trucks, 475 trailers and 1.3 million square feet of warehousing. Fluke has the well-known slogan \u201cIF IT\u2019S ON TIME\u2026 IT\u2019S A FLUKE.\u201d While working at Fluke, Foxcroft also worked as a NCAA basketball referee. Foxcroft is Canada\u2019s only NCAA referee. He has also officiated over 1600 international games in 30 countries.Foxcroft often became frustrated with the traditional design of referees' whistles, which features a \"pea\" (cork ball) inside that is prone to jamming, thereby preventing the whistle from producing sound. He was inspired to create a \"pealess\" whistle following incidents in international games including the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1984 pre-Olympics game in S\u00e3o Paulo, in which Foxcroft witnessed an obvious foul but he could not stop play as his whistle was rendered useless by a jammed pea; play continued and the referees were booed by spectators. Foxcroft collaborated with an Ontario design consultant, Chuck Shepherd, to design a pealess whistle; they established Fox 40 International in 1987, and the company's whistles were first used at the 1987 Pan American Games in Indianapolis. Throughout the 1990s, Fox 40 whistles became the standard whistle for referees and officials in numerous major professional sports leagues including the NFL, CFL, NHL, NCAA and NBA; it has also been adopted as a standard by numerous public safety agencies around the world. Today, Fox 40 International dominates the whistle industry with thousands of whistles produced each day in Canada.\nFoxcroft has received many awards; he received an Honorary Doctorate from McMaster University, was named Hamilton Distinguished Citizen of the Year, and was inducted into the Hamilton Gallery of Distinction, recipient of the Queen\u2019s Jubilee Medal. He was named by Profit Magazine as one of the 10 top Canadian entrepreneurs of the decade and inducted into the Burlington Entrepreneur Hall of Fame, the Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame, and the Hamilton Sports Hall of Fame. Foxcroft is also the Honorary Colonel of the Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's).\nToday, Foxcroft remains CEO of both Fluke Transportation and Fox 40 International Inc. He is also employed by the NBA to evaluate the performance of their referees. Foxcroft also works as a motivational speaker and supports charitable causes.", "Q750293": "Barbara Mary Keeley (born 26 March 1952) is a British Labour Party politician who has been a Member of Parliament (MP) since 2005, first for Worsley and then for Worsley and Eccles South since 2010. She was Deputy Leader of the House of Commons from 2009 to 2010 and Shadow Cabinet Minister for Mental Health and Social Care from 2016 to 2020.\n\n", "Q82606": "Pembroke College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, located in Pembroke Square. The college was founded in 1624 by King James I of England, using in part the endowment of merchant Thomas Tesdale, and was named after William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, Lord Chamberlain and then-Chancellor of the University.Like many of Oxford's colleges, Pembroke admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979, having previously accepted men only. As of 2018, Pembroke had an estimated financial endowment of \u00a358.5 million. Pembroke offers the study of almost all the courses offered by the university.\nDame Lynne Brindley, former head of the British Library, has been Master of the College since 2013. She will be stepping down at the end of the 2019\u20132020 academic year. In July 2020, Sir Ernest Ryder, a former Lord Justice of Appeal, will take on the role.", "Q152807": "Alice Ernestine Prin (2 October 1901 \u2013 29 April 1953), nicknamed the Queen of Montparnasse, and often known as Kiki de Montparnasse, was a French artist's model, literary muse, nightclub singer, actress, memoirist, and painter. She flourished in, and helped define, the liberated culture of Paris in the 1920s.", "Q4739832": "Amandus Theodor Schibsted (5 May 1849 in Oslo, \u2013 7 May 1913) was the owner and chief editor of Aftenposten. He inherited the news paper from his father, Christian Schibsted, in 1879, but worked as a journalist in the same news paper from 1871. During his leadership the news paper developed to be Norway's leading and most widespread conservative daily. He gained distinction through well-organised, quick and reliable news service.\nWhen Amandus died in 1913, his wife Susane Adolphine Cathrine Schibsted (1849\u20131933) took over the ownership in the newspaper.\nAmandus Schibsted is buried at V\u00e5r Frelsers gravlund in Oslo.", "Q50998": "Prince Adalbert of Prussia (Adalbert Ferdinand Berengar Viktor; 14 July 1884 \u2013 22 September 1948) was the third son of Wilhelm II, German Emperor by his first wife, Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein.", "Q1545345": "Gregory Hutchinson (born June 16, 1970) is an American jazz drummer.", "Q566955": "Annie Hall Cudlip (n\u00e9e Thomas; 25 October 1838 \u2013 24 November 1918), writing as Mrs. Pender Cudlip) was an English novelist and writer. She edited Ours: A Holiday Quarterly and contributed regularly to All the Year Round, Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly, and other magazines in Britain and the United States between 1876 and 1884. Married to a theologian, Rev. Pender Hodge Cudlip, she was among the most prolific Victorian writers of romantic fiction: well over 100 novels and short stories between 1862 and the early 20th century. The best known include Theo Leigh (1865), A Passion in Tatters (1872), He Cometh Not, She Said (1873) and Allerton Towers (1882).", "Q122338": "Albert Hofmann (11 January 1906 \u2013 29 April 2008) was a Swiss scientist known best for being the first known person to synthesize, ingest, and learn of the psychedelic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Hofmann was also the first person to isolate, synthesize, and name the principal psychedelic mushroom compounds psilocybin and psilocin. He authored more than 100 scientific articles and numerous books, including LSD: Mein Sorgenkind (LSD: My Problem Child). In 2007, he shared first place with Tim Berners-Lee in a list of the 100 greatest living geniuses, published by The Daily Telegraph newspaper.", "Q2135": "Winnipeg ( (listen)) is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, near the longitudinal centre of North America.\nThe city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg; the name comes from the Western Cree words for muddy water. The region was a trading centre for Indigenous peoples long before the arrival of Europeans. French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738. A settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812, the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873. As at 2016, Winnipeg is the seventh-most populated municipality in Canada, with a resident population of about 778,500. Being far inland, the local climate is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January lows of around \u221221 \u00b0C (\u22126 \u00b0F) and average July highs of 26 \u00b0C (79 \u00b0F).Known as the \"Gateway to the West\", Winnipeg is a railway and transportation hub with a diversified economy. This multicultural city hosts numerous annual festivals, including the Festival du Voyageur, the Winnipeg Folk Festival, the Jazz Winnipeg Festival, the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival, and Folklorama. Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the Pan American Games. It is home to several professional sports franchises, including the Winnipeg Blue Bombers (Canadian football), the Winnipeg Jets (ice hockey), Manitoba Moose (ice hockey), Valour FC (soccer), and the Winnipeg Goldeyes (baseball).", "Q49211": "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute () (RPI) is a private research university in Troy, New York, with additional campuses in Hartford and Groton, Connecticut. It was established in 1824 by Stephen van Rensselaer and Amos Eaton for the \"application of science to the common purposes of life\" and is the oldest technological university in the English-speaking world. Numerous American colleges or departments of applied sciences were modeled after Rensselaer.Built on a hillside, RPI's 265-acre (107 ha) campus overlooks the city of Troy and the Hudson River and is a blend of traditional and modern architecture. The institute operates an on\u2011campus business incubator and the 1,250-acre (510 ha) Rensselaer Technology Park.Today, RPI is organized into six main schools which contain 37 departments, with emphasis on science and technology. It is well recognized for its degree programs in engineering, computing, business and management, information technology, the sciences, design, and liberal arts. As of 2017, RPI's faculty and alumni include six members of the National Inventors Hall of Fame, six National Medal of Technology winners, five National Medal of Science winners, eight Fulbright Scholarship recipients, and a Nobel Prize winner in Physics; in addition, 86 faculty or alumni are members of the National Academy of Engineering, 17 of the National Academy of Sciences, 25 of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, eight of the National Academy of Medicine, one of the National Academy of Public Administration, and nine of the National Academy of Inventors.", "Q173611": "Jes\u00fas Ricardo Iglesias (22 February 1922 in Pergamino \u2013 July 11, 2005 in Pergamino), was a racing driver from Argentina. He initially competed with some success in long distance races in Argentina with a Chevrolet Special, before being invited to drive one of the works Gordini Type 16s in the 1955 Argentine Grand Prix. He qualified 17th out of 22 competitors, but had to retire on lap 38 due to transmission failure, although he also seemed to be on the brink of exhaustion because of the boiling heat.After that Iglesias went back to endurance racing, in which he competed solely in Argentinian races. He had his best result in the Rafaela 500-mile race in 1956, where he took second place in his Chevrolet Special car.", "Q224097": "Eleanor Nancy Macpherson (; n\u00e9e Gow; born 1964) is an Australian model, businesswoman, television host and actress.\nShe is known for her record five cover appearances for the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue beginning in the 1980s, leading to her nickname \"The Body\", coined by Time in 1989. She is the founder, primary model, and creative director for a series of business ventures, including Elle Macpherson Intimates, a lingerie line, and The Body, a line of skin care products. She has been the host and executive producer of Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model from 2010 to 2013. She is an executive producer of NBC's Fashion Star and was the host for the first season.\nAs an actress, Macpherson appeared in supporting roles in The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996) and as Julie Madison in Batman and Robin (1997) as well as lead roles in The Edge (1997) and South Kensington (2001). She also had a recurring role on Friends and hosted an episode of Saturday Night Live.", "Q320583": "Ernest Clayton Walker Jr. (born August 19, 1969) is an American country music artist. He made his debut in 1993 with the single \"What's It to You\", which reached Number One on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, as did its follow-up, 1994's \"Live Until I Die\". Both singles were included on his self-titled debut album, released in 1993 via Giant Records. He stayed with the label until its 2001 closure, later recording for Warner Bros. Records, RCA Records Nashville, and Curb Records.\nClay Walker has released a total of eleven studio albums, including a greatest hits package and an album of Christmas music. His first four studio albums all achieved platinum certification in the United States and his greatest hits collection and fifth studio album were each certified gold. He has charted more than thirty singles on Hot Country Songs, of which six have reached number one: \"What's It to You\", \"Live Until I Die\", Dreaming with My Eyes Open\", \"If I Could Make a Living\", \"This Woman and This Man\", and \"Rumor Has It\".", "Q159952": "Rudolf Medek (8 January 1890 in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u2013 22 August 1940) was a Czech poet, army-related prose writer, and a general in the Czechoslovak Legions in Russia. In 1919 he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order by George V which he sent back after the Munich Agreement, as he did with his L\u00e9gion d'honneur insignia.\nHe was the father of the musician and journalist Ivan Medek, and the painter Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Medek.", "Q72287": "Lupu Pick (2 January 1886 \u2013 7 March 1931) was a German actor, film director, producer and screenwriter of the silent era. He appeared in 50 films between 1910 and 1928.\nBorn in Romania, Pick's father was a Jewish Austrian, his mother, of Romanian origin. He began as a stage actor in Hamburg, Flensburg and Berlin before 1910. In 1917 he founded the film company Rex-Film AG.\nHe served on the board of the Film Association of Industrialists (Vorstand des Verbandes der Filmindustriellen), SPIO and the Film Directors Association of Germany (Verbandes der Filmregisseure Deutschlands) and worked intensively to establish the union-based umbrella organization of Filmmakers in Germany (Filmschaffenden Deutschlands) (Dacho). He was the organization's first chairman.\nPick was married to actress Edith Posca.", "Q146872": "The State of Aleppo (French: \u00c9tat d'Alep; Arabic: \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u200e Dawlat \u1e24alab) was one of the five states that were established by the French High Commissioner in Syria and Lebanon General Henri Gouraud in the French Mandate of Syria which followed the San Remo conference and the collapse of King Faisal I's short-lived monarchy in Syria.\nThe other states were the State of Damascus (1920), the State of Alawites (1920) and the State of Jabal Druze (1921). The State of Greater Lebanon (1920) became later the modern country of Lebanon. The capital of the State of Aleppo was Aleppo.\n\n", "Q96673": "For the German footballer, see Herbert Zimmermann (footballer). For other uses of \"Zimmermann\", see Zimmermann (disambiguation).Herbert Zimmermann (29 November 1917 \u2013 16 December 1966) was a popular German football commentator.\nHe did one of the most famous pieces of commentary in German during the World Cup final in 1954 by \"recommending\" the goal that won \"The Miracle of Bern\" for Germany.\n\nSch\u00e4fer nach innen geflankt... Kopfball... Abgewehrt. Aus dem Hintergrund m\u00fc\u00dfte Rahn schie\u00dfen... Rahn schie\u00dft! Tor! Tor! Tor! Tor!(silence)Tor f\u00fcr Deutschland! Drei zu zwei f\u00fchrt Deutschland. Halten Sie mich f\u00fcr verr\u00fcckt, halten Sie mich f\u00fcr \u00fcbergeschnappt!Sch\u00e4fer puts in the cross... header... Cleared. Rahn should shoot from deep... Rahn shoots! Goal! Goal! Goal! Goal!(Zimmermann fell silent for eight seconds before he spoke again)Goal for Germany! Germany lead 3-2. Call me mad, call me crazy!\"At the end of the match, Zimmermann famously proclaimed, \"It's over! Over! Over! Germany are the World Champions\" - words which, as one historian has observed, are \"as famous in Germany as Kenneth Wolstenholme's \"They think it's all over\" is in England\" (the latter having been spoken in the final moments of England's victory against West Germany in the World Cup final of 1966). After the final Zimermann was criticized for praising the goal keeper Turek by calling him Toni du bist ein Teufelskerl, Toni du bist ein Fu\u00dfballgott (Toni you are a devil chap. Toni you are a football god.). Zimmermann who had been a major during the war, was also criticized for the somewhat militaristic vocabulary he had used during the match.\nZimmermann also commented the world championships in 1958, 1962 and 1966 over the radio. However, TV was more prominent now as most people had access to TV sets, so fewer and fewer people heard his reports.\nOn 11 December 1966 Zimmermann, who was known as a notoriously bad driver, had an accident in his car and died from his injuries five days later.\nZimmermann was the uncle of the German Green Party politician Hans-Christian Str\u00f6bele. The family holds the rights to his reports which still generates revenue.", "Q274878": "Stanis\u0142awa Celi\u0144ska (born April 29, 1947 in Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish actress. For her roles she won two Polish Film Awards and was nominated three times.", "Q734701": "Oscar Eduardo Vald\u00e9s Dancuart (born 3 April 1949) is a Peruvian businessman and politician who was Prime Minister of Peru from 11 December 2011 until 23 July 2012. A former military officer, he was appointed as Minister of the Interior by President Ollanta Humala on 28 July 2011. Less than five months later, Prime Minister Salom\u00f3n Lerner Ghitis resigned and Vald\u00e9s was appointed as his successor on 11 December 2011. He was dismissed on 23 July, after criticism on his handling of the Conga Mining project.\n\n", "Q4667782": "Star Music, formerly known as Star Records, is a record label in the Philippines owned and operated by media conglomerate ABS-CBN. It was formerly a separate company operating as a wholly owned subsidiary of ABS-CBN until 2013 when it was merged to ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc. Its publishing and distribution subsidiary in the country is Star Music Publishing (formerly Star Songs, Inc.) and has over one thousand songs in its catalog including the classic song \"Anak\" by Freddie Aguilar.It is a member of the Philippine Association of the Record Industry (PARI), a non-profit and private trade organization, that represents the recording industry distributors in the Philippines.", "Q441440": "Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art program in the United States at California State University Fresno (formerly Fresno State College) and acted as a catalyst for Feminist art and art education. Her inclusion in hundreds of publications in various areas of the world showcases her influence in the art community. Additionally, many of her books have been published in other countries, making her work more accessible to international readers. Chicago's work incorporates a variety of artistic skills, such as needlework, counterbalanced with labor-intensive skills such as welding and pyrotechnics. Chicago's most well known work is The Dinner Party, which is permanently installed in the Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art at the Brooklyn Museum. The Dinner Party celebrates the accomplishments of women throughout history and is widely regarded as the first epic feminist artwork. Other notable art projects by Chicago include International Honor Quilt, The Birth Project, Powerplay, and The Holocaust Project.", "Q80011": "Chiba Prefecture (\u5343\u8449\u770c, Chiba-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kant\u014d region, and the Greater Tokyo Area. The sixth most populous prefecture, and 27th largest by land area, Chiba is on the east coast of Honshu and largely consists of the B\u014ds\u014d Peninsula, which encloses the eastern side of Tokyo Bay. Its capital is the city of Chiba.", "Q12573": "The canton of Obwalden, also canton of Obwald (German: Kanton Obwalden, [\u02c8\u0254b\u02ccvald\u0259n] (listen)) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the centre of Switzerland. Its capital is Sarnen. The canton contains the geographical centre of Switzerland.", "Q307882": "Judith Davis (born 1955) is an Australian actress known for her work in film, television, and theatre. With a career spanning over 40 years, she is commended for her versatility and is regarded as one of the finest actresses of her generation with frequent collaborator Woody Allen describing her as \"one of the most exciting actresses in the world\". She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including eight AACTA Awards, three Primetime Emmy Awards, two British Academy Film Awards and two Golden Globe Awards, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards.\nDavis is a 1977 graduate of the National Institute of Dramatic Art, where she starred opposite Mel Gibson in Romeo and Juliet. Most of Davis's stage work has been in Australia, including Piaf (1980), Hedda Gabler (1986), Victory (2004) and The Seagull (2011), but she also starred in the 1982 London production of Insignificance, for which she was nominated for the Olivier Award for Best Actress, and the 1989 Los Angeles production of Hapgood. She returned to the National Institute of Dramatic Art in 2017 to direct the play Love and Money.\nShe has won British Academy Film Awards for both Best Actress and Most Promising Newcomer for the film My Brilliant Career (1979), two Australian Film Institute Awards as Best Actress for Winter of Our Dreams (1981) and Supporting Actress for Hoodwink (1981), and later received Academy Award nominations for A Passage to India (1984) and Husbands and Wives (1992). This making her the first Australian to receive nominations in both categories and the fourth Australian actress to receive an Academy Award nomination. Her other film roles include High Rolling (1977), Who Dares Wins (1982), Heatwave (1983), High Tide (1987), Georgia (1988), Alice (1990), George Sand in Impromptu (1991), Barton Fink (1991), Dark Blood (1993), Absolute Power (1997), Deconstructing Harry (1997), Celebrity (1998), The Man Who Sued God (2001), The Break-up (2006), Anne d'Arpajon in Marie Antoinette (2006), The Eye of the Storm (2011), To Rome with Love (2012), The Young and Prodigious T.S. Spivet (2013) and The Dressmaker (2015).\nFor her work on television, Davis won Primetime Emmy Awards for Serving in Silence: The Margarethe Cammermeyer Story (1995), for playing Judy Garland in Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows (2001) and The Starter Wife (2007) and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Miniseries or Television Film for Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows and One Against the Wind (1991). Other television roles include Water Under the Bridge (1980), A Woman Called Golda (1982), A Cooler Climate (1999), Nancy Reagan in The Reagans (2003), Coast to Coast (2003), Sante Kimes in A Little Thing Called Murder (2006), Page Eight (2011), Hedda Hopper in Feud: Bette and Joan (2017) and Mystery Road (2018).\n\n", "Q670157": "Jan Lambrecht Domien Sleeckx or Dominicus Jan Lambrecht (Antwerp, 2 February 1818 \u2013 Liege, 13 October 1901), was a Flemish writer. He started his career as a notary clerk and a journalist, in 1861 he became a teacher of Dutch in Lier and later head school inspector of primary schools.\nHe started his literary career with the romantic Kronyken der Straten van Antwerpen (3 volumes, 1843) but he turned himself against the idealizing style of Hendrik Conscience, and became a convinced proponent of a moderate realism, which he defended also theoretically (Over het realismus in de letterkunde, 1862). In 1844, he was one of the founders of the Vlaemsch Belgie, the first daily paper in the Flemish interest.\nIn his novels and theatre plays he sketched the selfishness of farmers and citizens or the adventures of captains and seamen. He wrote the novels Tybaerts en Cie (1867), De plannen van Peerjan (1868) and the theatre plays Jan Steen (1852), a comedy; Gretry, which gained a national prize in 1861, De vissers van Blankenberg (1870), and the patriotic drama of Zannekin (1865). His animal tales are considered to be his best work, such as Arabella Knox (1855), in which he introduced the English humor in Flanders and by their lively structure remained readable for a modern audience. Together with J.F. Vandevelde he published dictionaries.", "Q87018": "Karl Farkas (28 October 1893 \u2013 16 May 1971) was an Austrian actor and cabaret performer.", "Q438183": "Alter St.-Matth\u00e4us-Kirchhof (Alter Sankt-Matth\u00e4us-Kirchhof or Old St. Matthew's Churchyard) is a cemetery in Sch\u00f6neberg, Berlin, Germany. It was established in 1856 by the Protestant parish of St. Matthew. It is known for its interment of the Brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, folklore tellers of \"Cinderella\" (\"Aschenputtel\"), \"The Frog Prince\" (\"Der Froschk\u00f6nig\"), \"Hansel and Gretel\" (\"H\u00e4nsel und Gretel\"), \"Rapunzel\", \"Rumpelstiltskin\" (\"Rumpelstilzchen\"), and \"Snow White\" (\"Schneewittchen\"); Rudolf Virchow, variously known as \"father of modern pathology\", \"father of modern medicine\" or \"father of social medicine\"; and Claus von Stauffenberg, a German Army officer who almost assassinated Adolf Hitler. As for Staufenberg, his corpse was exhumed by the SS on 22 July 1944, the day after his burial, and cremated to remove any traces of him. His tombstone, however, remains intact.", "Q1424963": "Francesco Gaetano Caltagirone (Italian pronunciation: [fran\u02c8t\u0283esko \u0261a.e\u02c8ta\u02d0no kaltad\u0292i\u02c8ro\u02d0ne]; born 1943) is an Italian businessman. He controls the holding company Caltagirone S.p.A. with interests in cement manufacturing, real estate, construction and publishing (with Caltagirone Editore).\nAs of 2015, Caltagirone was ranked number #894 on the 2015 Forbes billionaire list and #19 in Italy, with an estimated net worth of $2.1 billion.", "Q224929": "A Self Made Hero (French: Un h\u00e9ros tr\u00e8s discret) is a 1996 French film directed by Jacques Audiard. It is based on the novel by Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Deniau.", "Q441326": "Ashley Christina Williams (born January 24, 1984) is an American theater and film actress.", "Q8418": "Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the other team. A standard match consists of two periods of 30 minutes, and the team that scores more goals wins.\nModern handball is played on a court of 40 by 20 metres (131 by 66 ft), with a goal in the middle of each end. The goals are surrounded by a 6-meter (20 ft) zone where only the defending goalkeeper is allowed; goals must be scored by throwing the ball from outside the zone or while \"diving\" into it. The sport is usually played indoors, but outdoor variants exist in the forms of field handball, Czech handball (which were more common in the past) and beach handball. The game is fast and high-scoring: professional teams now typically score between 20 and 35 goals each, though lower scores were not uncommon until a few decades ago. Some players may score hat tricks. Body contact is permitted: the defenders trying to stop the attackers from approaching the goal. No protective equipment is mandated, but players may wear soft protective bands, pads and mouth guards.The game was codified at the end of the 19th century in Denmark. The modern set of rules was published on 29 October 1917 in Berlin, which is seen as the date of birth of the sport, and had several revisions since. The first official handball match was played in the same year in Germany. The first international games were played under these rules for men in 1925 and for women in 1930. Men's handball was first played at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin as outdoors, and the next time at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich as indoors, and has been an Olympic sport since. Women's team handball was added at the 1976 Summer Olympics.\nThe International Handball Federation was formed in 1946 and, as of 2016, has 197 member federations. The sport is most popular in Europe, and European countries have won all medals but one in the men's world championships since 1938. In the women's world championships, only two non-European countries have won the title: South Korea and Brazil. The game also enjoys popularity in East Asia, North Africa and parts of South America.", "Q116923": "Pierre-Yves Maillard (born 16 March 1968) is a Swiss politician of the Social Democratic Party. He is a member of the Council of State of Vaud since 2004.", "Q1068752": "Howard University (Howard or simply HU) is a private, federally chartered historically black university (HBCU) in Washington, D.C. It is categorized among \"R2: Doctoral Universities \u2013 High research activity\" and accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.\nFrom its outset Howard has been nonsectarian and open to people of all sexes and races. It offers more than 120 areas leading to undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees.\nU.S. News & World Report ranked Howard tied for 104th among national universities, and second among historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) for 2020. Howard is the only HBCU ranked in the top 40 on the Bloomberg Businessweek business school rankings. The Princeton Review ranked the school of business first in opportunities for minority students and in the top five for most competitive students. The National Law Journal ranked the law school among the top 25 in the nation for placing graduates at the most successful law firms.", "Q647923": "Aigle District is a district of the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.", "Q96115": "Eta Linnemann (October 19, 1926 in Osnabr\u00fcck \u2013 9 May 2009 in Leer (Ostfriesland)) was a German Protestant theologian. In her last years, she broke completely with the theology of her teacher Rudolf Bultmann.", "Q177311": "Joseph Leonard Gordon-Levitt (; born February 17, 1981) is an American actor, filmmaker, singer, and entrepreneur. As a child, Gordon-Levitt appeared in the films A River Runs Through It, Angels in the Outfield, Holy Matrimony and 10 Things I Hate About You, and as Tommy Solomon in the TV series 3rd Rock from the Sun. He took a break from acting to study at Columbia University, but dropped out in 2004 to pursue acting again. He has since starred in (500) Days of Summer, Inception, Hesher, 50/50, Premium Rush, Miracle at St. Anna, The Brothers Bloom, The Dark Knight Rises, Brick, Looper, The Lookout, Manic, Lincoln, Mysterious Skin, and G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra. He portrayed Philippe Petit in the Robert Zemeckis-directed film The Walk (2015), and whistleblower Edward Snowden in the Oliver Stone film Snowden (2016). For his leading performances in (500) Days of Summer and 50/50, he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.\nGordon-Levitt also founded the online production company hitRECord in 2004 and has hosted his own TV series, HitRecord on TV, since January 2014, winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Creative Achievement in Interactive Media - Social TV Experience in the same year. In 2013, Gordon-Levitt made his feature film directing and screenwriting debut with Don Jon, in which he also stars. He previously directed and edited two short films, both of which were released in 2010: Morgan M. Morgansen's Date with Destiny and Morgan and Destiny's Eleventeenth Date: The Zeppelin Zoo.", "Q242474": "Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439, IPA: [s\u02b2\u026a\u02c8m\u02b2\u0275n m\u02b2\u026a\u02c8xajl\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0361\u0255 b\u028a\u02c8d\u02b2\u0275n\u02d0\u0268j] (listen); 25 April [O.S. 13 April] 1883 \u2013 26 October 1973) was a Russian cavalryman, military commander during the Russian Civil War, Polish-Soviet War and World War II, and a close political ally of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.\nBudyonny was the founder of the Red Cavalry, which played an important role in the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War. As a political ally of Josif Stalin, he was one of the two most senior army commanders still alive and in post at the time of German invasion of the USSR in 1941, but had to be removed from active service because of his unfitness to command a modern army.", "Q1866673": "Anthony Santos a.k.a El Mayimbe (born May 5, 1967) is a Dominican singer, songwriter, musician, and producer. He is one of the top-selling Bachata artists of all time. He is known as one of the pioneer's of modern Bachata in the early 1990s with his role in redefining the genre to include romantic lyrics, poppy guitar licks, and implementation of new instruments such as the piano and saxophone.", "Q121157": "Mashhad (Persian: \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u200e, romanized: M\u00e4\u0161h\u00e4\u010f [m\u00e6\u0283\u02c8h\u00e6d] (listen)), also spelled Mashad or Meshad, is the second-most-populous city in Iran and the capital of Khorasan-e Razavi Province. It is located in the northeast of the country. It has a population of 3,001,184 (2016 census), which includes the areas of Mashhad Taman and Torqabeh. It was a major oasis along the ancient Silk Road connecting with Merv to the east.\nThe city is named after the shrine of Imam Reza, the eighth Shia Imam. The Imam was buried in a village in Khorasan, which afterwards gained the name Mashhad, meaning the place of martyrdom. Every year, millions of pilgrims visit the Imam Reza shrine. The Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid is also buried within the same shrine.\nMashhad has been governed by different ethnic groups over the course of its history. The city enjoyed relative prosperity in the Mongol period.\nMashhad is also known colloquially as the city of Ferdowsi, after the Iranian poet who composed the Shahnameh. The city is the hometown of some of the most significant Iranian literary figures and artists, such as the poet Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, and Mohammad-Reza Shajarian, the traditional Iranian singer and composer. Ferdowsi and Akhavan-Sales are both buried in Tus, an ancient city that is considered to be the main origin of the current city of Mashhad.\nOn 30 October 2009 (the anniversary Imam Reza's martyrdom), Iran's then-President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad declared Mashhad to be \"Iran's spiritual capital\".", "Q337799": "Sinnathamby Rajaratnam (Tamil: \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf \u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9c\u0bb0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd), DUT (First Class), (25 February 1915 \u2013 22 February 2006), was a Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore from 1980\u201385 when former deputy prime minister Goh Keng Swee stepped down from the position , a long-serving Minister and member of the Cabinet from 1959\u201388 and a short story writer. He was one of the pioneer leaders of independent Singapore as it achieved self-government in 1959 and later independence in 1965. He devoted much of his adult life to public service, and helped shape the mentality of Singaporeans on contemporary issues. One of the schools of Nanyang Technological University, is named the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies in honour of him, as is the S. Rajaratnam block of his alma mater, Raffles Institution.", "Q892": "John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (; 3 January 1892 \u2013 2 September 1973) was an English writer, poet, philologist, and academic. He was the author of the classic high fantasy works The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.\nHe served as the Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon and Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, from 1925 to 1945 and Merton Professor of English Language and Literature and Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, from 1945 to 1959. He was at one time a close friend of C. S. Lewis\u2014they were both members of the informal literary discussion group known as the Inklings. Tolkien was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II on 28 March 1972.\nAfter Tolkien's death, his son Christopher published a series of works based on his father's extensive notes and unpublished manuscripts, including The Silmarillion. These, together with The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, form a connected body of tales, poems, fictional histories, invented languages, and literary essays about a fantasy world called Arda and Middle-earth within it. Between 1951 and 1955, Tolkien applied the term legendarium to the larger part of these writings.While many other authors had published works of fantasy before Tolkien, the great success of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings led directly to a popular resurgence of the genre. This has caused Tolkien to be popularly identified as the \"father\" of modern fantasy literature\u2014or, more precisely, of high fantasy. In 2008, The Times ranked him sixth on a list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\". Forbes ranked him the fifth top-earning \"dead celebrity\" in 2009.", "Q922552": "Andrei Maratovich Babitsky (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, born September 26, 1964 in Moscow) is a Russian journalist and war reporter, who worked for Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFERL) from 1989 to 2014, covering the 1991 August Coup, Civil War in Tajikistan and, most notably, both the First and Second Chechen Wars from behind Chechen lines. Babitsky's kidnapping by the Russian forces in January\u2013February 2000 during the Second Chechen War attracted attention of international journalists' organisations. His 2005 video interview with Chechen warlord Shamil Basayev had controversy reaction by Russian government, as Basayev was on wanted terrorist list in Russia.", "Q699087": "Jalile Jalil (Kurdish: Cel\u00eel\u00ea Cel\u00eel\u200e, 1936- ), is a Yazidi historian, writer and Kurdologist. He was born in Yerevan and studied history at the university of Yerevan and Oriental Academy of Leningrad. He wrote his thesis regarding the Kurdish rebellions in the 19th century. He received his PhD in 1963, and worked in the Academy of Sciences from 1963 to 1993. He along with his brother Ord\u00eexan\u00ea Cel\u00eel, collected Yazidi religious poetry and Kurdish legends and tales. After the collapse of Soviet Union, he moved to Austria, and taught at the University of Vienna, where he taught Kurmanji. He is now working at the Academy of Sciences in Vienna.", "Q211992": "Zoran Feri\u0107 (born 2 June 1961 in Zagreb, Croatia) is a Croatian writer and columnist who resides in Zagreb. He has attended the Ivan Goran Kova\u010di\u0107 Elementary School in the city's wealthy neighborhood of \u0160alata and graduated in croatistics at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Zagreb. He has written three novels and two collections of short stories. For his literary work, he has received the Ksaver \u0160andor Gjalski Prize in 2000 and the Jutarnji list Award in 2001. Feri\u0107 wrote columns for Nacional, a Croatian weekly. He teaches Croatian at a higher secondary school in Zagreb.", "Q187948": "Josu\u00e9 de Castro, born Josu\u00e9 Apol\u00f4nio de Castro (5 September 1908 in Recife \u2013 24 September 1973 in Paris), was a Brazilian physician, expert on nutrition, geographer, writer, public administrator, and activist against world hunger.\nHis book Geopolitics of Hunger was granted with The Franklin D. Roosevelt Foundation Award, in 1952. Two years later, he received the International Peace Prize.\nHe taught at the University of Brazil (today's UFRJ) and was chairman of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). He was also a member of the Brazilian parliament and a diplomat. His political rights came to an end with the military coup of 1964, when he moved to France. For many years he was president of the Association M\u00e9dicale Internationale pour l\u2019Etude des Conditions de Vie et de Sant\u00e9 (The International Medical Association for the Study of the Conditions of Life and Health) and member of other international organizations. He taught at Paris 8 University until his death.\n\n", "Q312531": "Thomas Brodie-Sangster (born 16 May 1990), also credited as Thomas Sangster, is an English actor known for playing Sam in Love Actually (2003), Simon in Nanny McPhee (2005), Romulus Augustulus in The Last Legion (2007), Ferb in Phineas and Ferb (2007\u20132015), Paul McCartney in Nowhere Boy (2009), Jojen Reed in Game of Thrones (2013\u20132014) and Newt in the Maze Runner film series (2014\u20132018).Sangster also grew in popularity for starring in critically acclaimed cult films such as Death of a Superhero (2011), Bright Star (2009) and as Paul McCartney in Nowhere Boy (2009). He also had a cameo appearance in Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015), a role as Whitey Winn in the Netflix miniseries Godless (2017) and John Tracy in Thunderbirds Are Go (2015\u20132020).", "Q1515214": "The Royal Military Academy (French: \u00c9cole royale militaire, Dutch: Koninklijke Militaire School) is the military university of Belgium. The school is responsible for the education of the officers of the four components of the Belgian defence (Army, Air Force, Navy, Medical). The school is located in Brussels in a building constructed by the architects Henri Maquet and Henri Van Dievoet. The courses are given in French, Dutch and English.\nThere are two faculties\n\nThe Polytechnics faculty: Master of science in engineering sciences; comparable to the French \u00c9cole Polytechnique (also nicknamed \"X\" and founded by one of its ex-students, Jean Chapeli\u00e9)\nThe Social and Military Sciences faculty: Master in Social and Military SciencesThe Royal Higher Institute for Defence, the highest military academic institute in Belgium is also located at the RMA campus (cf. Defence College, previously War College).", "Q201559": "A privateer is a private person or ship that engages in maritime warfare under a commission of war. Since robbery under arms was a common aspect of seaborne trade, until the early 19th century all merchant ships carried arms. A sovereign or delegated authority issued commissions, also referred to as a letter of marque, during wartime. The commission empowered the holder to carry on all forms of hostility permissible at sea by the usages of war. This included attacking foreign vessels and taking them as prizes, and taking prize crews as prisoners for exchange. Captured ships were subject to condemnation and sale under prize law, with the proceeds divided by percentage between the privateer's sponsors, shipowners, captains and crew. A percentage share usually went to the issuer of the commission (i.e. the sovereign). \nPrivateering allowed sovereigns to raise revenue for war by mobilizing privately owned armed ships and sailors to subsidize state power. For participants, privateering provided the potential for a greater income and profit than obtainable as a merchant seafarer or fisher. However, this incentive increased the risk of privateers turning to piracy when war ended. \nThe commission usually protected privateers from accusations of piracy but in practice, the historical legality and status of privateers could be vague. Depending on the specific sovereign and the time period, commissions might be issued hastily; privateers might take actions beyond what was authorized in the commission, including after its expiry. A privateer who continued raiding after the expiration of a commission or the signing of a peace treaty could face accusations of piracy. The risk of piracy and the emergence of the modern state system of centralised military control caused the decline of privateering by the end of the 19th century.", "Q102956": "Max von Bock und Polach (5 September 1842 \u2013 4 March 1915) was a Prussian officer and Field Marshal. He served in the military during the three wars of German unification under the leadership of Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck.", "Q1395129": "Familiar to Millions is a live album by the British rock band Oasis. It was recorded at Wembley Stadium on 21 July 2000. It debuted at No. 5 in the UK charts with 57,000 copies sold in the first week. To date Familiar to Millions has sold around 310,000 copies in Britain alone (Platinum), about 70,000 copies in the United States and an estimated 1 million copies worldwide. The album was initially released simultaneously on six formats: DVD, VHS, double CD, double cassette, triple vinyl, and double MiniDisc.", "Q240263": "Celadet Bedir Khan or Celadet Bedirkhan (Kurdish: Celadet Al\u00ee Bedirxan ,\u062c\u06d5\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06d5\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06d5\u062f\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u200e; 26 April 1893 \u2013 1951), also known as M\u00eer Celadet, was a Kurdish diplomat, writer, linguist, journalist and political activist. He held a master's degree in law from Istanbul University, completed his studies in Munich, and spoke several languages including Arabic, Kurdish, Russian, German, Turkish, Persian and French. He left Turkey in 1923 when the Kemalists declared a new republic. In 1927, at a conference of Kurdish nationalists held in Beirut, a committee was formed, the Xoyb\u00fbn. He is known for having been the first modern linguist to compile and organise the grammar of the modern form of the Northern Kurdish language, Kurmanji, and having designed the Latin-based Hawar alphabet, which is now the formal alphabet of Kurmanji and is also frequently used for the other dialects of the Kurdish Language, having replaced the Arabic-based, Cyrillic-based, Persian-based and Armenian-based alphabets formerly used for Kurmanji.", "Q5882770": "Hollywood High School is a four-year public secondary school in the Los Angeles Unified School District, located at the intersection of North Highland Avenue and West Sunset Boulevard in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, California.", "Q84511": "Karl Buresch (12 October 1878 \u2013 16 September 1936) was a lawyer, Christian-Social politician and Chancellor of Austria during the First Republic.", "Q465290": "Renh\u014d Murata (\u6751\u7530 \u84ee\u822b, Murata Renh\u014d, born 28 November 1967), commonly called just Renh\u014d (\u84ee\u822b), is a Japanese politician and former journalist who is a current member of House of Councillors. She was the leader of the major Japanese opposition party, the Democratic Party.\n\n", "Q16073": "Itzehoe (German pronunciation: [\u026ats\u0259\u02c8ho\u02d0]; Low German: Itzhoe) is a town in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.\nAs the capital of the district Steinburg, Itzehoe is located on the St\u00f6r, a navigable tributary of the Elbe, 51 km (31.7 mi) northwest of Hamburg and 24 km (14.9 mi) north of Gl\u00fcckstadt. The population is about 32,530.\nThe church St. Laurentii and the building in which the Holstein estates formerly met, are noteworthy. The town has a convent founded in 1256, many schools, a hospital and other benevolent institutions. Itzehoe is a busy commercial place.Itzehoe is the oldest town in Holstein. Its nucleus was a castle, built in 809 by Egbert, one of Charlemagne's counts, against the Danes. The community which sprang up around it was variously called Esseveldoburg, Eselsfleth and Ezeho. In 1201 the town was destroyed, but it was restored in 1224. The new town was granted the L\u00fcbeck rights by Adolphus IV in 1238, and the old town in 1303. During the Thirty Years' War Itzehoe was twice destroyed by the Swedes, in 1644 and 1657, but was rebuilt on each occasion. It passed to Prussia in 1867, with the duchy of Schleswig-Holstein.\nItzehoe is listed as a garrison depot (Wehrkreis X, Hamburg) of the former Infanteriedivision 225. which was implicated in the 1940 Vinkt Massacre in Belgium.\nItzehoe is also the location of the Wenzel Hablik Museum.\nDuring the period up to and including the Wacken Open Air festival, many festival goers chose to depart for the festival from Itzehoe using the 'Metal Shuttle Bus' which departs from near Itzehoe station. During this time, the town can become very overcrowded and inundated with traffic.\nGermany's lowest elevation is to be found a short distance from Itzehoe, in the Wilstermarsch, which reaches 3.54 m below sea level. The town is twinned with Cirencester in the United Kingdom.", "Q166234": "Ugo Foscolo (Italian: [\u02c8u\u02d0\u0261o \u02c8foskolo]; 6 February 1778 in Zakynthos \u2013 10 September 1827 in Turnham Green), born Niccol\u00f2 Foscolo, was an Italian writer, revolutionary and a poet.He is especially remembered for his 1807 long poem Dei Sepolcri.\n\n", "Q469482": "The American University of Beirut (AUB) (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u200e) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university in Beirut, Lebanon. It is one of the most prestigious universities in the Middle East, securing the top spot in the Arab region in the 2018 QS World University Rankings.AUB is governed by a private, autonomous Board of Trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD and PhD degrees. It collaborates with many universities around the world, notably with Columbia University, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the University of Paris. The current president is Fadlo R. Khuri, MD.\nAUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $605 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH \u2013 American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents.", "Q347256": "Charles William Paddock (August 11, 1900 \u2013 July 21, 1943) was an American athlete and two time Olympic champion.", "Q120261": "Eduard Maria Oettinger (November 19, 1808 \u2013 June 26, 1872) was a German empire bibliographer. He was born November 19, 1808, at Breslau, in Silesia, of Jewish parents. Having studied at the gymnasium of his native place, he went to Vienna, and joined the Roman Catholic Church. After 1829 he edited different periodicals at Berlin, Hamburg, Manheim, and Leipsic, and wrote several dramas, novels, and romances. His poems, which he published under the title Buch der Liebe, were published at Leipsic in a fifth edition in 1850. Besides a historical work- Geschichte des danischen Hofs von Christian II, bis Friedrich VII (Hamburg, 1859, 8 vols.) \u2013 he published his famous bibliographical work, Bibliographie biographique, ou dictionnaire de 26,000 ouvrages, relatifs a l'histoire de la vie publique et privee des hommes celebres de tons les temps et de toutes les nations (Leips. 1850; the same in 2 vols. Paris, 1866): \u2013 Historisches Archiv, enthaltend ein systematisch \u2013 chronologisch geordnetes Verzeichniss von 17,000 der brauchbarsten Quellenzum Studium der Geschichte (Carlsruhe, 1841): \u2013 Moniteur des dates, contenant un million de renseignements biographiques, geneal. et historiques (Dresden, 1866\u20131868, 6 vols. 4to) \u2013 a work which, as a biographicogenealogico-historical lexicon, is not only indispensable to librarians, historians, and bibliographers, but which at its first appearance was unanimously praised as a gigantic work of German industry and scholarship. Oettinger died June 26, 1872. A supplement to his Monitelur des dates is now published by Dr. H. Schramm, the biographer of Oettinger. See Literarischer Handweiser (1872), p. 368; Kurz, Literaturgeschichte, vol. iv (see Index); Dr. K. Schutze, Deutschlands Dichter und Dichterinnen, s.v.", "Q298146": "Candan Er\u00e7etin (pronounced ['d\u0292andan 'ert\u0283etin]; born 10 February 1963) is a Turkish singer-songwriter. Over the twenty years of her singing career, she has been recognized for preparing and singing songs about human life. Despite the fact that she made her albums without much publicity, her work influenced other artists. Er\u00e7etin has released many music videos with different themes. Because her family originate from the Balkans, she has often used elements of Balkan music in her songs and works. In addition to Turkish, she has written songs in French and Greek.\nEr\u00e7etin was born in K\u0131rklareli and is of Albanian and Macedonian ancestry. She later moved to Istanbul and attended Galatasaray High School. In the following years she received voice training. She later studied classical archeology at Istanbul University. In her final year at school, she recorded the song \"Halley\" and represented Turkey at the Eurovision Song Contest 1986 with the group Klips ve Onlar. However, she did not want to continue her musical career and kept studying archeology. In 1995, she released her debut album Haz\u0131r\u0131m, and in 1997 her song \"Yalan\" from the album \u00c7apk\u0131n became a hit in Turkey. In 2000, she released her best-selling album Elbette, followed by the hit song \"Gams\u0131z Hayat\" from the album Neden (2002). She subsequently released numerous other albums including Melek (2004), K\u0131r\u0131k Kalpler Dura\u011f\u0131nda (2009) and Milyonlarca Ku\u015ftuk... (2013). Alongside these works, she has released the albums Chante Hier Pour Aujourd'hui (2003) and Aranjman 2011 (2011), which include French songs, and the album Aman Doktor (2005) that features Greek songs.\nApart from her music career, Er\u00e7etin has been involved in various other projects. In 1994, she started working as a TV presenter, and in 2007 she produced her own program Candan Er\u00e7etin'le Beraber ve Solo \u015eark\u0131lar. In 2005, she was cast in a leading role in the musical Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n Alt\u0131nda. She also composed the musics for the movies G\u00f6lgesizler (2008) and Kaptan Feza (2009) and served as a producer as well. She had a stint teaching music at Galatasaray High School, and in 2009, she started to teach diction at Galatasaray University. On 25 June 2013, \u00dcnal Aysal appointed Er\u00e7etin and Umit \u00d6zdemir as Vice Chairmen of Galatasaray S.K.. For her contributions to France\u2013Turkey relations, Er\u00e7etin was awarded with the Order of Arts and Letters by French President Fran\u00e7ois Hollande in 2014. Throughout her career, she has won many awards and received various nominations.", "Q620990": "The Alexandrov Ensemble (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043b\u044c \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, tr. Ansambl Aleksandrova; commonly known as the Red Army Choir in Western Europe) is an official army choir of the Russian armed forces. Founded during the Soviet era, the ensemble consists of a male choir, an orchestra, and a dance ensemble.\nThe Ensemble has entertained audiences both in Russia and throughout the world, performing a range of music including folk tunes, hymns, operatic arias and popular music. The group's repertoire has included The Volga Boatmen's Song, Katyusha, Kalinka, and Ave Maria.\nIt is named for its first director, Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov (1883\u20131946). Its formal name since 1998 has been A. V. Alexandrov Academic Song and Dance Ensemble of the Russian Army (Russian: \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0431\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0301\u0441\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u044f\u0301\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0301\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0410. \u0412. \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, tr. Akadem\u00edchesky ans\u00e1mbl\u2032 p\u00e9sni i ply\u00e1ski Ross\u00fdskoy \u00c1rmii \u00edmeni A. V. Aleks\u00e1ndrova), shortened to Academic Ensemble (Russian: \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0431\u043b\u044c, tr. Akadem\u00edchesky ans\u00e1mbl\u2032) on second reference.\nOn 25 December 2016, its artistic director, Valery Khalilov, and 63 other members of the Ensemble were killed in the Russian Defence Ministry aircraft crash of a 1983 Tupolev Tu-154 into the Black Sea just after takeoff from the southern resort city of Sochi, Russia. The Red Army Choir singers and dancers were en route to Syria to entertain Russian troops there for Orthodox Christmas celebrations.\n\n", "Q482345": "John Roy Whinnery (July 26, 1916 \u2013 February 1, 2009) was an American electrical engineer and educator who worked in the fields of microwave theory and laser experimentation.", "Q98110": "Hermann Weber (23 August 1928 \u2013 29 December 2014) was a German historian and political scientist. A few days after he died a headline writer described him as \"the man who knew everything about the German Democratic Republic\".", "Q288355": "Grosse Pointe Blank is a 1997 American black comedy crime film directed by George Armitage and starring John Cusack, Minnie Driver, Alan Arkin and Dan Aykroyd. Cusack plays an assassin who returns to his hometown to attend a high school reunion. The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed $31,070,412.", "Q328691": "Amnon Yariv (born April 13,1930 - Palestine) is an Israeli-American professor of applied physics and electrical engineering at Caltech, known for innovations in optoelectronics.\nIn 2010, Yariv was selected as a winner of the National Medal of Science for \"scientific and engineering contributions to photonics and quantum electronics that have profoundly impacted lightwave communications and the field of optics as a whole\". He has also been selected to receive the IEEE Photonics Award for 2011.Yariv has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 1991.\nIn 1985 he was awarded the Harold Pender Award by the University of Pennsylvania.\nIn 1992 he was awarded the Harvey Prize by the Technion in Haifa, Israel, for \"pioneering contributions to opto-electronics, wave propagation in crystals and nonlinear and phase-conjugate optics, and his demonstration of semiconductor-based integrated optics technology leading to the development of high-speed and stable solid-state lasers\".\nYariv has authored several texts on optical electronics and photonics.\nHe has said that the highlight of his group's work was the invention of the semiconductor distributed feedback laser, a device widely used in the Internet's fiber-optic communications.Amnon Yariv currently resides in Pasadena, California. He is married to Frances Yariv. He has three daughters: Danielle Yariv, Dana Yariv and Gabriela (Gavi) Yariv.", "Q80987": "Fluminense Football Club (Brazilian Portuguese: [flumi\u02c8n\u1ebdsi \u02c8fut\u0283ibow kl\u0250b]), known simply as Fluminense or Tricolor, is a Brazilian sports club best known for its professional football team plays in the Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A, the first tier of Brazilian football and the Campeonato Carioca, the state league of Rio de Janeiro. The club is based in the Laranjeiras neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro. Fluminense plays their home games at the Maracan\u00e3 Stadium, which currently holds up to 78,838 spectators.\nThe club was founded on 21 July 1902 by the sons of Carioca aristocrats, being led by Oscar Cox, a Brazilian sportsman, in the bairro of Flamengo, a direct contrast between the aristocratic founders and the modest ground it was founded on. Cox was elected as the club's first president. Fluminense have been state champions on 31 occasions, second only to Flamengo with 34. The team have been national champions four times, most recently in 2012 in Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A, they won the Copa do Brasil in 2007 and the Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie C in 1999. The Copa Rio de 1952(or Copa Rio Internacional) and the Copa Libertadores runners up in 2008 and the Copa Sudamericana runners up in 2009 are their best international performances.\nFluminense is a demonym for people who reside in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Although football was the club's original endeavor, the club is today an umbrella organisation for several teams in more than 16 different sport activities.\nFluminense's traditional home kit is dark red-and-green vertical striped shirts, with white shorts, accompanied by white socks; this combination has been used since 1920. Under Armour is the current kit manufacturer.\nFluminense holds several long-standing rivalries with other clubs, most notably with Flamengo (this rivalry is popularly known as Fla-Flu), as well as with Botafogo and Vasco da Gama.\nThe club has contributed the fifth-most players to Brazil's national football team.", "Q45365": "Gerhard Bronner (23 October 1922 in Favoriten, Vienna \u2013 19 January 2007 in Vienna) was an Austrian composer, writer, musician and a cabaret artist, known for his contribution to Austrian culture in the post-World War II period.", "Q733720": "Michael Martin Fried (born April 12, 1939 in New York City) is a modernist art critic and art historian. He studied at Princeton University and Harvard University and was a Rhodes Scholar at Merton College, Oxford. He is the J.R. Herbert Boone Professor Emeritus of Humanities and Art History at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.\nFried's contribution to art historical discourse involved the debate over the origins and development of modernism. Along with Fried, this debate's interlocutors include other theorists and critics such as Clement Greenberg, T. J. Clark, and Rosalind Krauss. Since the early 1960s, he has also been close to philosopher Stanley Cavell.", "Q85627": "Curt Meyer-Clason (19 September 1910 \u2013 13 January 2012) was a German writer and translator.", "Q113873": "Olga Flor (Vienna, January 25, 1968) is an Austrian writer.", "Q527921": "Andy Wallace is an American music studio engineer with a long track record of successful productions, beginning with the 1986 production of the Run-DMC/Aerosmith collaboration on \"Walk This Way\" with Rick Rubin. Following this breakout success, Wallace went on to work with Feeder, Sum 41, The Cult, Slayer, Prince, Bruce Springsteen, Sepultura, Soulfly, Nirvana, Alice in Chains, The Misfits, White Zombie, Jeff Buckley, Ben Folds Five, Faith No More, Rollins Band, Rush, Alice Cooper, Bernard Butler, Bad Religion, Sonic Youth, L7, Guns N' Roses, Rage Against the Machine, Front 242, Alabama 3, Linkin Park, Trapt, Foo Fighters, Silverchair, At the Drive-In, Staind, Sevendust, Blind Melon, System of a Down, Phish, Skunk Anansie, A Perfect Circle, Limp Bizkit, 3 Doors Down, Fuel, Chevelle, Disturbed, Paul McCartney, The Cribs, Atreyu, Young Astronauts Club, Avenged Sevenfold, Dream Theater, Ghost, A Day to Remember and many others. As of October 2005, over 80 million album units had been sold worldwide that contained a credit to Andy Wallace.In 1999, Wallace shared a Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical with Tchad Blake and Trina Shoemaker, for their work on Sheryl Crow's album, The Globe Sessions.", "Q3395778": "The Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences (Swedish: Kungliga Krigsvetenskapsakademien), founded 12 November 1796 by Gustaf Wilhelm af Tibell, is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden. The Academy is an independent organization and a forum for military (army and air force) and defense issues. Membership is limited to 160 chairs under the age of 62.", "Q78782": "Cesare Battisti (4 February 1875 \u2013 12 July 1916) was an Italian patriot, geographer, socialist politician and journalist of Austrian citizenship, who became a prominent Irredentist at the start of World War I.", "Q11734": "Engelbert Dollfuss (German: Engelbert Dollfu\u00df, IPA: [\u02c8\u025b\u014b\u0259lb\u025b\u0281t \u02c8d\u0254lfu\u02d0s]; 4 October 1892 \u2013 25 July 1934) was an Austrian politician who served as Chancellor of Austria between 1932 and 1934. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he ascended to Federal Chancellor in 1932 in the midst of a crisis for the conservative government. In early 1933, he shut down parliament and assumed dictatorial powers. Suppressing the Socialist movement in February 1934 during the Austrian Civil War and later banning the Austrian Nazi party, he cemented the rule of \"Austrofascism\" through the authoritarian First of May Constitution. Dollfuss was assassinated as part of a failed coup attempt by Nazi agents in 1934. His successor Kurt Schuschnigg maintained the regime until Adolf Hitler's annexation of Austria in 1938.\n\n", "Q387714": "Carlos Alberto Kiese Wiesner (born 1 June 1957) is a former football coach and sports journalist who served as Paraguay's defensive midfielder.\n\n", "Q4250497": "Saira Khan (born 15 May 1970) is a British television presenter. In 2005, she was the runner-up of The Apprentice. From 2012 to 2017, Khan co-presented The Martin Lewis Money Show and in 2015, she presented the ITV series Guess This House., currently she runs a skincare business called Saira Skin, she also is a panelist on Loose Women and competed in Celebrity Big Brother 18. In 2019, she competed in Dancing on Ice.\n\n", "Q172241": "The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 American drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont, based on the 1982 Stephen King novella Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption. It tells the story of banker Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins), who is sentenced to life in Shawshank State Penitentiary for the murders of his wife and her lover, despite his claims of innocence. Over the following two decades, he befriends a fellow prisoner, contraband smuggler Ellis \"Red\" Redding (Morgan Freeman), and becomes instrumental in a money-laundering operation led by the prison warden Samuel Norton (Bob Gunton). William Sadler, Clancy Brown, Gil Bellows, and James Whitmore appear in supporting roles.\nDarabont purchased the film rights to King's story in 1987, but development did not begin until five years later, when he wrote the script over an eight-week period. Two weeks after submitting his script to Castle Rock Entertainment, Darabont secured a $25 million budget to produce The Shawshank Redemption, which started pre-production in January 1993. While the film is set in Maine, principal photography took place from June to August 1993 almost entirely in Mansfield, Ohio, with the Ohio State Reformatory serving as the eponymous penitentiary. The project attracted many stars of the time for the role of Andy, including Tom Hanks, Tom Cruise, and Kevin Costner. Thomas Newman provided the film's score.\nWhile The Shawshank Redemption received positive reviews on its release, particularly for its story and the performances of Robbins and Freeman, it was a box-office disappointment, earning only $16 million during its initial theatrical run. Many reasons were cited for its failure at the time, including competition from films such as Pulp Fiction and Forrest Gump, to the general unpopularity of prison films, lack of female characters, and even the title, which was considered to be confusing for audiences. It went on to receive multiple award nominations, including seven Academy Award nominations, and a theatrical re-release that, combined with international takings, increased the film's box-office gross to $58.3 million.\nOver 320,000 VHS copies were shipped throughout the United States, and based on its award nominations and word of mouth, it became one of the top rented films of 1995. The broadcast rights were acquired following the purchase of Castle Rock by Turner Broadcasting System, and it was shown regularly on the TNT network starting in 1997, further increasing its popularity. It is now considered by many to be one of the greatest films of the 1990s. As of 2017, the film is still broadcast regularly, and is popular in several countries, with audience members and celebrities citing it as a source of inspiration, and naming the film as a favorite in various surveys. In 2015, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q84539": "Karl Isidor Beck (1 May 1817, in Baja, Hungary \u2013 10 April 1879, in Vienna) was an Austrian poet.\nThe son of a Jewish merchant, he studied in Pest, Vienna and Leipzig. He lived in Berlin from 1844 until the outbreak of the Revolutions of 1848, and subsequently in Vienna, where he was an editor of the Lloyd.", "Q11443124": "The Emperor's Cook (Japanese: \u5929\u7687\u306e\u6599\u7406\u756a, Hepburn: Tenn\u014d no Ry\u014driban) is a 2015 Japanese television drama based on the novel Tenn\u014d no Ry\u014driban by Hisahide Sugimori, depicting the life of imperial cook Tokuz\u014d Akiyama. It premiered on TBS on 26 April 2015, starring Takeru Satoh in the lead role. The 1st episode is 108 minutes, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th episodes are 64 minutes long. The series was well received by the public, earning the highest viewership rating in its time slot during its run time.", "Q387072": "Camilla Belle Routh (born October 2, 1986) is an American actress, director and producer.", "Q172527": "Paul England (28 March 1929 \u2013 17 June 2014) was an Australian former racing driver. He worked for the Repco company and raced his own 138 Holden-powered grey motor Ausca sports racing car that used a fiberglass body based on the A6GCS Maserati. The AUSCA also won the Tom Sulman Trophy at Amaroo Park in 1980 by new owner and driver Bruce Polain having restored the car with the assistance of Dave Mawer.\nEngland contested a single Formula One World Championship Grand Prix race, the 1957 German Grand Prix, in a Formula Two Cooper T41-Climax. He retired from the race due to a fault with the distributor. After his return from Europe, England used a car by the same name Ausca but was a totally different creation - an 1800cc VW in front and a 2200cc VW in back both supercharged by the one supercharger with a special manifold to take the compressed intake to the other end, to win three Australian Hillclimb Championships, in 1970, 1973 and 1974.\nAfter retiring from racing, England owned a general engineering company called Paul England & Staff in Essendon, Victoria, Australia. Paul England & Staff is run by his first child and eldest daughter, Lisa Mary Coulton and her husband Steven Coulton. Paul had nine grandchildren.\nIn the 1970s England's company built 1.6 litre Ford engines for motor racing which were referred to as an England engine.", "Q1853186": "David Choi (born March 22, 1986) is an American musician, YouTuber and a member of parody K-pop group BgA based in Los Angeles. Choi's original songs and pop covers have been heard on NBC, FOX, VH1, MTV, A&E, E!, Travel Channel, Style Network, PBS, Food Network, Disney, as well as in commercials internationally. He has worked with companies such as Kellogg's, Starburst, the American Cancer Society, General Electric, Samsung, J. C. Penney, and Asian online fashion and beauty retailer YesStyle.David released his debut album, Only You, in October 2008. His second album, By My Side, was released on May 19, 2010, and his third album, Forever and Ever was released on October 25, 2011.\nAs of January 11, 2020, David Choi's YouTube Channel has 969,000 subscribers, 109 million total video views, and more than 13 million channel views. As of November 2011, he was YouTube's 15th-most-subscribed musician and 62nd-most-subscribed user overall. As of February 3, 2015, he has 138,238 followers on Twitter account.David previously worked as a songwriter and producer at Warner/Chappell Music, which signed him on after his participation in an American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) workshop.His humorous song \"YouTube, A Love Song\" which helped launched David's singing career was featured on the homepage of YouTube in 2006 and has received over 2.8 million views. The music videos for his singles \"Won't Even Start\" and \"That Girl\", which are posted on both his and directors' Wong Fu Productions' YouTube channels, have received a total of over 13 million views. He also posts non-music vlogs on his second channel. David often appears in online videos with fellow YouTube personalities, like Ryan Higa and Wong Fu Productions, whom often use Choi's music in their videos.", "Q95352": "Otto Hoetzsch (14 February 1876 \u2013 27 August 1946), was a German academic and politician. Son of a plumber, he studied history, economics and history of art in Leipzig, starting in 1895. In 1899 he obtained a PhD, worked for several newspapers and was active in the Alldeutscher Verband and favoured the creation of a German Navy. In 1905 he passed the exam as an interpreter in Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, French, English, Italian and Dutch. Between 1906 and 1913 he taught in the Prussian Royal Academy in Posen. In 1913 he became Professor for Eastern European history in Berlin.\nHe started his political career as a member of the Prussian constitutional assembly. In 1918 he joined the DNVP (German National People's Party), and was a member of the Reichstag from 1920 to 1930. In 1922 he helped negotiate the Treaty of Rapallo with the new Soviet Union, as an interpreter. He felt that this would also lead to an international rehabilitation of Germany after the Great War.\nHe greatly admired President Hindenburg, whom he also entertained at dinner in his home.\nBetween 1923 and 1934 he repeatedly travelled to the Soviet Union and founded the Journal \"Osteuropa\" (Eastern Europe) which still exists. In 1928 he went on an extensive lecturing tour through the United States. Back in Berlin he maintained contacts with Russian emigrants.\nAlthough he was a German nationalist (like many of his contemporaries in 1914 he had enthusiastically welcomed the outbreak of World War I), the Nazis considered him a Bolshevik. Consequently, he resigned from the Reichstag in 1932 and was forced to retire in 1935.\nAfter World War II, he once more became a professor of history in Berlin, this time with Soviet approval. He published extensively on Russian and American History and was widely recognized in both East and West Germany.", "Q51476": "Tod Browning (born Charles Albert Browning Jr.; July 12, 1880 \u2013 October 6, 1962) was an American film actor, film director, screenwriter and vaudeville performer. Browning's career spanned the silent film and sound film eras. Best known as the director of Dracula (1931), Freaks (1932), and silent film collaborations with Lon Chaney and Priscilla Dean, Browning directed many movies in a wide range of genres, between 1915 and 1939.", "Q3436288": "Robert B. Shapiro (born August 4, 1938 in New York City) is a businessman and attorney who has worked extensively with the biochemical corporations G. D. Searle & Company and Monsanto. Before working in this sector he was Vice-President and legal counsel at General Instrument from 1972 to 1979. His father, Moses, was Chairman of this company from 1969 to 1975.From 1979 he worked as attorney for the Illinois-based G. D. Searle. In 1982 he became CEO and Chairman of the NutraSweet subsidiary. The FDA approved aspartame's use in soft drinks in November 1983, and Pepsi was among the first brands to deploy the product on a large scale in the United States.\nWhen G. D. Searle was acquired by Monsanto in 1985, Shapiro moved up the management chain in the ladder, becoming Vice President in 1990, President in 1993 and CEO in 1995. He remained CEO of Monsanto until 2000. He oversaw a period of industrial expansion, acquisitions, and consumer regulatory approval for the genetically-engineered seed businesses.\nIn 2000 Monsanto merged with the U.S.-based pharmaceutical company Pharmacia & Upjohn to form Pharmacia Corp. Shapiro became chair of this entity until he stepped down in February 2001. Fred Hassan became CEO of Pharmacia. The agricultural business of the merged entity was later spun out of Pharmacia to form Monsanto Company, a business focused on agricultural products. Pharmacia Corporation was subsequently acquired by Pfizer.\nShapiro was a co-founder of Sandbox Industries, a Chicago-based business incubator and venture fund manager in 2003, and currently serves as one of its managing directors.He is on the board of Conservis, a Sandbox funded firm.He has a BA from Harvard University and a JD from Columbia Law School.", "Q49239": "Toledo () is a city in and the county seat of Lucas County, Ohio, United States. Toledo is in northwest Ohio, at the western end of Lake Erie bordering the state of Michigan. The city was founded in 1833 on the west bank of the Maumee River, and originally incorporated as part of Monroe County, Michigan Territory. It was re-founded in 1837, after the conclusion of the Toledo War, when it was incorporated in Ohio.\nAfter the 1845 completion of the Miami and Erie Canal, Toledo grew quickly; it also benefited from its position on the railway line between New York City and Chicago. The first of many glass manufacturers arrived in the 1880s, eventually earning Toledo its nickname: \"The Glass City.\" It has since become a city with an art community, auto assembly businesses, education, healthcare, and local sports teams.\nThe population of Toledo as of the 2010 Census was 287,128 making it the 71st-largest city in the United States. It is the fourth-most-populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio, after Columbus, Cleveland, and Cincinnati. The Toledo metropolitan area had a 2010 population of 608,145, and was the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the state of Ohio, behind Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, Dayton, and Akron.", "Q4696035": "Ahmed Sultan Bin Sulayem (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0645) is the Executive Chairman of DMCC (Dubai Multi Commodities Centre), the free zone authority in Jumeirah Lakes Towers (JLT) and established in 2002 by the Government of Dubai to provide the physical, market and financial infrastructure required to establish the emirate as a hub for global commodities trade. He is the son of Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem. As of September 2018, DMCC had over 15,000 registered members operating within its free zone including commodities, businesses as well as other sectors. In 2018, Bin Sulayem completed 17 years with DMCC.", "Q540004": "Alida Hisku (born 1957) is an Albanian singer who was especially popular in the 1970s. Since 1990, she has lived in Germany.", "Q60873": "Rose Ausl\u00e4nder (born Rosalie Beatrice Scherzer; May 11, 1901 \u2013 January 3, 1988) was a Jewish poet writing in German and English. Born in Czernowitz in the Bukovina, she lived through its tumultuous history of belonging to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Kingdom of Romania, and eventually the Soviet Union.", "Q1414": "Servius Sulpicius Galba (; Latin: Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar Augustus; 24 December 3 BC \u2013 15 January AD 69) was Roman emperor from 68 to 69, the first emperor in the Year of the Four Emperors. He was known as Lucius Livius Galba Ocella prior to taking the throne as a result of his adoption by his stepmother, Livia Ocellina. The governor of Hispania at the time of the rebellion of Gaius Julius Vindex in Gaul, he seized the throne following Nero's suicide.\nBorn into a wealthy family, Galba held at various times the offices of praetor, consul, and governor of the provinces Aquitania, Upper Germany, and Africa during the first half of the first century AD. He retired during the latter part of Claudius' reign but Nero later granted him the governorship of Hispania. Taking advantage of the defeat of Vindex's rebellion and Nero's suicide, he became emperor with the support of the Praetorian Guard. His physical weakness and general apathy led to him being dominated by favorites. Unable to gain popularity with the people or maintain the support of the Praetorian Guard, Galba was murdered by Otho, who then became emperor.", "Q74806": "Inge H\u00f6ger (born 29 October 1950) is a German politician. From 2005 to 2006 she was a deputy chair of The Left parliamentary group in the Bundestag.", "Q213613": "Paul Dessau (19 December 1894 \u2013 28 June 1979) was a German composer and conductor. He collaborated with Bertolt Brecht and composed incidental music for his plays, and several operas based on them.", "Q4073584": "Israfil Ashurly (Azerbaijani: \u0130srafil A\u015furl\u0131; born January 16, 1969 in Baku, Azerbaijani SSR, USSR) is an azerbaijani mountaineer, executive secretary of the Ice-Climbing Commission (2010-2017) under the UIAA (International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation), president of the youth committee (Youth Commission 2012-2016) UIAA, president of the Azerbaijan Mountaineering Federation (2010-2016), Member of the Presidium of the Euro-Asian Association of Mountaineering and Climbing (EAMA since 2011), judge of the international category in ice climbing, master of sports of the Republic of Azerbaijan. \nThe first Azerbaijani is a conqueror of the Himalayan eight-thousanders: Chomolungma (2007), Kangchenjunga (2011), Lhotse (2019) and Manaslu (2019). Azerbaijan\u2019s first member of the Seven Peaks club (2007), also the first Snow Leopard in the history of Azerbaijani mountaineering (2009) and the first conqueror of the North Pole (2009). The first of the Azerbaijanis landed in Antarctica in December 2005 and climbed the highest peak of the white continent - the Vinson Massif.\nCo-founder of Azerbaijan Alpine Club / Az\u0259rbaycan Alpine Klubu / Azerbaijan Alpine Club.\nOn March 4, 2009, by Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Israfil Ashurly was awarded the Taraggi (Progress) medal.\nCavalier of the mountaineering Order \"Edelweiss\" I and II degrees.", "Q525688": "Andy Evans (born June 27, 1951) is an American auto racing driver and team owner. As a driver, he won the 1995 and 1997 12 Hours of Sebring. He owned Scandia, an IndyCar and IMSA team.\nIn 1996, Evans and Roberto Muller bought the International Motor Sports Association, and changed its name to Professional Sports Car Racing (PSCR). He also bought controlling interests in the Sebring International Raceway and Mosport Park. Evans sold those assets to Don Panoz in 2001.", "Q676268": "Imre Szekeres (born 9 September 1950) is a Hungarian politician of the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) and former Minister of Defense.", "Q8356": "Valladolid (, Spanish: [ba\u028ea\u00f0o\u02c8li\u00f0] (listen)) is a city in Spain and the capital of the autonomous community of Castile and Le\u00f3n. It has a population of 309,714 people (2013 est.), making it Spain's 13th most populous municipality and northwestern Spain's biggest city. Its metropolitan area ranks 20th in Spain with a population of 414,244 people in 23 municipalities.\nThe city is situated at the confluence of the Pisuerga and Esgueva rivers 15 km (9.3 mi) before they join the Duero, and located within five winegrowing regions: Ribera del Duero, Rueda, Toro, Tierra de Le\u00f3n, and Cigales. \nValladolid was originally settled in pre-Roman times by the Celtic Vaccaei people, and later the Romans themselves. It remained a small settlement until being re-established by King Alfonso VI of Castile as a Lordship for the Count Pedro Ans\u00farez in 1072. It grew to prominence in the Middle Ages as the seat of the Court of Castile and being endowed with fairs and different institutions as a collegiate church, University (1241), Royal Court and Chancery and the Royal Mint. The Catholic Monarchs, Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, married in Valladolid in 1469 and established it as the capital of the Kingdom of Castile and later of united Spain. Christopher Columbus died in Valladolid in 1506, while authors Jos\u00e9 Zorrilla, Miguel de Cervantes and Francisco de Quevedo lived and worked in the city. The city was briefly the capital of Habsburg Spain under Phillip III between 1601 and 1606, before returning indefinitely to Madrid. The city then declined until the arrival of the railway in the 19th century, and with its industrialisation into the 20th century.\nThe old town is made up of a variety of historic houses, palaces, churches, plazas, avenues and parks, and includes the National Museum of Sculpture, the Museum of Contemporary Art Patio Herreriano or the Oriental Museum, as well as the houses of Zorrilla and Cervantes which are open as museums. Among the events that are held each year in the city are the famous Holy Week, Valladolid International Film Festival (Seminci), and the Festival of Theatre and Street Arts (TAC).", "Q88465": "Margarete \"Grete\" Diercks (September 1, 1890, in Hamburg \u2013 July 15, 1978, in Lauingen) was a German actress.", "Q111902": "Peter Iden (born September 11, 1938) is a German theater critic and art critic.", "Q348603": "Howard Allan Stern (born January 12, 1954) is an American radio and television personality and author. He is best known for his radio show The Howard Stern Show, which gained popularity when it was nationally syndicated on terrestrial radio from 1986 to 2005. Stern has broadcast on Sirius XM Satellite Radio since 2006.\nStern landed his first radio jobs while at Boston University. From 1976 to 1982, Stern developed his on-air personality through morning positions at WRNW in Briarcliff Manor, New York, WCCC in Hartford, Connecticut, WWWW in Detroit, Michigan, and WWDC in Washington, D.C. Stern worked afternoons at WNBC in New York City from 1982 until his firing in 1985. In 1985, he began a 20-year run at WXRK in New York City; his morning show entered syndication in 1986 and aired in 60 markets and attracted 20 million listeners at its peak. Stern won numerous industry awards, including Billboard\u2019s Nationally Syndicated Air Personality of the Year eight consecutive times, and is the first to have the number one morning show in New York City and Los Angeles simultaneously. He became the most fined radio host when the Federal Communications Commission issued fines totaling $2.5 million to station owners for content it deemed indecent. Stern became one of the highest paid radio figures after signing a five-year deal with Sirius in 2004 worth $500 million. In recent years, Stern's photography has been featured in Hamptons and WHIRL magazines. From 2012 to 2015, he served as a judge on America's Got Talent.\nStern has described himself as the \"King of All Media\" since 1992 for his successes outside radio. He hosted and produced numerous late night television shows, pay-per-view events, and home videos. Two of his books, Private Parts (1993) and Miss America (1995), entered The New York Times Best Seller list at number one and sold over one million copies. The former was made into a biographical comedy film in 1997 that had Stern and his radio show staff star as themselves. It topped the US box office in its opening week and grossed $41.2 million domestically. Stern performs on its soundtrack, which charted the Billboard 200 at number one and was certified platinum for one million copies sold. Stern's third book, Howard Stern Comes Again, was released in 2019.", "Q15234": "The Hohgrat (also known as Groot) is a mountain located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Thurgau and St. Gallen. Reaching a height of 996 metres above sea level, it is the highest point of the canton of Thurgau.\nThe mountain is densely forested, except the eastern (St. Gallen) side, which includes some limestone cliffs.", "Q169661": "The Detroit Pistons are an American professional basketball team based in Detroit. The Pistons compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Central Division and plays its home games at Little Caesars Arena, located in Midtown. The team was founded in Fort Wayne, Indiana as the Fort Wayne (Zollner) Pistons in 1941, a member of the National Basketball League (NBL) where it won two NBL championships: in 1944 and 1945. The Pistons later joined the Basketball Association of America (BAA) in 1948. The NBL and BAA merged to become the NBA in 1949, and the Pistons became part of the merged league. In 1957, the franchise moved to Detroit. The Pistons have won three NBA championships: in 1989, 1990 and 2004.", "Q45417": "Friedrich Achleitner (23 May 1930 \u2013 27 March 2019) was an Austrian poet and architecture critic. As a member of the Wiener Gruppe, he wrote concrete poems and experimental literature. His magnum opus is a multi-volume documentation of 20th-century Austrian architecture. Written over several decades, Achleitner made a personal visit to each building described. He was a professor of the history and theory of architecture at the University of Applied Arts Vienna.", "Q640916": "Gianni Clerici (born July 24, 1930 in Como) is an Italian tennis commentator and journalist, and a former tennis player.\nClerici is known for his often off-topic banter with partner Rino Tommasi. As a tennis player one highlight of his career was being part of the main draw at Wimbledon in 1953.\nClerici is the author of several books on tennis and was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2006.", "Q1400": "Pennsylvania ( (listen) PEN-s\u0259l-VAY-nee-\u0259), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the Northeastern, Great Lakes, Appalachian, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle. The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast, Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest, New York to the north, and New Jersey to the east.\nPennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area, and the 5th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010. It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states. Pennsylvania's two most populous cities are Philadelphia (1,580,863), and Pittsburgh (302,407). The state capital and its 10th-largest city is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles (225 km) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River.The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn, the son of the state's namesake. Part of Pennsylvania (along the Delaware River), together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden. It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12, 1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the state's largest city of Philadelphia. During the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washington's headquarters during the bitter winter of 1777\u201378.", "Q318020": "Harald Grosskopf (or Harald Gro\u00dfkopf) is a German electronic musician. He played with several Krautrock and progressive rock bands of the 1970s in Germany, in addition to releasing solo material.", "Q1079105": "Christian Anthony Burns (born 18 January 1974) is an English singer and songwriter. He is the son of Tony Burns of The Signs, a Liverpool-based rock band signed to Decca Records in the 1960s.", "Q23792": "Palestine (Arabic: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u200e Filas\u1e6d\u012bn, Falas\u1e6d\u012bn, Filis\u1e6d\u012bn; Greek: \u03a0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, Palaistin\u0113; Latin: Palaestina; Hebrew: \u05e4\u05dc\u05e9\u05ea\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4\u200e Palestina) is a geographic region in Western Asia usually considered to include Israel, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and in some definitions, parts of western Jordan.\nThe name was used by ancient Greek writers, and it was later used for the Roman province Syria Palaestina, the Byzantine Palaestina Prima, and the Islamic provincial district of Jund Filastin. The region comprises most of the territory claimed for the biblical regions known as the Land of Israel (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e8\u05e5\u05be\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc\u200e Eretz-Yisra'el), the Holy Land or Promised Land, and represents the southern portion of wider regional designations such as Canaan, Syria, ash-Sham, and the Levant.\nLocated strategically between Egypt, Syria, and Arabia, and being the birthplace of Judaism and Christianity, the region has a tumultuous history as a crossroads for religion, culture, commerce, and politics. It has been controlled by numerous peoples, including Ancient Egyptians, Canaanites, Israelites and Judeans, Assyrians, Babylonians, Achaemenids, ancient Greeks, the Jewish Hasmonean Kingdom, Romans, Parthians, Sasanians, Byzantines, the Arab Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid caliphates, Crusaders, Ayyubids, Mamluks, Mongols, Ottomans, the British, and modern Israelis, Jordanians, Egyptians and Palestinians.\nThe boundaries of the region have changed throughout history. Today, the region comprises the State of Israel and the Palestinian territories in which the State of Palestine was declared.", "Q119392": "Karl Otto Paetel (23 November 1906, Berlin \u2013 4 May 1975, New York) was a German political journalist. During the 1920s he was a prominent exponent of National Bolshevism. During the 1930s he became a member of anti-Nazi German resistance.", "Q185805": "The Hunter (Persian: Shekarchi\u200e) is a 2010 Iranian drama film directed by and starring Rafi Pitts. It was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q214168": "Karl Julius Weber (16 or 20 April 1767, in Langenburg \u2013 19 July 1832, in Kupferzell; also written Carl Julius Weber) was a German writer.\n\n", "Q1739008": "Ma Huateng (Chinese: \u9a6c\u5316\u817e; pinyin: M\u01ce Hu\u00e0t\u00e9ng, born on October 29, 1971), also known as Pony Ma, is a Chinese business magnate, investor, politician, and philanthropist. He is the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Tencent, Asia's most valuable company, one of the largest Internet and technology companies, and the biggest investment, gaming and entertainment conglomerates in the world. The company controls China's biggest mobile instant messaging service and its subsidiaries provide media, entertainment, payment systems, smartphones, internet-related services, value-added services and online advertising services, both in China and globally.\nIn 2007, 2014, and 2018, Time magazine called him one of the world's most influential people, while in 2015, Forbes credited him as one of the world's most powerful people. In 2017, Fortune ranked him as among the top businessmen of the year. In 2018, he was named one of the \"Most Powerful People In The World\" by the CEOWORLD magazine. Ma is a deputy to the Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress and is a delegate in the 12th National People's Congress.Being one of \"Fortune world's greatest leaders\", Ma is known for his low profile personality as compared to fellow Chinese businessman Jack Ma's outgoing personality. Ma has been closely compared to American investor Warren Buffett for their similar investment philosophies, and often described as an \"aggressive acquisitor\".As of August 2019, he is China's richest man, and the 20th wealthiest in the world, with a net worth of US$37.7 billion. On 21 November 2017, he surpassed both Larry Page and Sergey Brin to become the ninth richest man in the world, and the first citizen from the People's Republic of China to enter Forbes' top 10 richest men list.", "Q7071": "Li Bai (701\u2013762), also known as Li Bo, courtesy name Taibai, was a Chinese poet acclaimed from his own day to the present as a genius and a romantic figure who took traditional poetic forms to new heights. He and his friend Du Fu (712\u2013770) were the two most prominent figures in the flourishing of Chinese poetry in the Tang dynasty, which is often called the \"Golden Age of Chinese Poetry\". The expression \"Three Wonders\" denote Li Bai's poetry, Pei Min's swordplay, and Zhang Xu's calligraphy.Around a thousand poems attributed to him are extant. His poems have been collected into the most important Tang dynasty poetry anthology Heyue yingling ji, compiled in 753 by Yin Fan, and thirty-four of his poems are included in the anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems, which was first published in the 18th century. In the same century, translations of his poems began to appear in Europe. The poems were models for celebrating the pleasures of friendship, the depth of nature, solitude, and the joys of drinking wine. Among the most famous are \"Waking from Drunkenness on a Spring Day\", \"The Hard Road to Shu\", and \"Quiet Night Thought\", which still appear in school texts in China. In the West, multilingual translations of Li's poems continue to be made. His life has even taken on a legendary aspect, including tales of drunkenness, chivalry, and the well-known fable that Li drowned when he reached from his boat to grasp the moon's reflection in the river while drunk.\nMuch of Li's life is reflected in his poetry: places which he visited, friends whom he saw off on journeys to distant locations perhaps never to meet again, his own dream-like imaginations embroidered with shamanic overtones, current events of which he had news, descriptions taken from nature in a timeless moment of poetry, and so on. However, of particular importance are the changes in the times through which he lived. His early poetry took place in the context of a \"golden age\" of internal peace and prosperity in the Chinese empire of the Tang dynasty, under the reign of an emperor who actively promoted and participated in the arts. This all changed suddenly and shockingly, beginning with the rebellion of the general An Lushan, when all of northern China was devastated by war and famine. Li's poetry as well takes on new tones and qualities. Unlike his younger friend Du Fu, Li did not live to see the quelling of these disorders. However, much of Li's poetry has survived, retaining enduring popularity in China and elsewhere.", "Q156485": "Juliette Gr\u00e9co (French: [\u0292ylj\u025bt \u0261\u0281eko]; born 7 February 1927) is a French actress, chanson and cabaret singer.", "Q88471": "Christine B\u00f6hm (February 19, 1954 \u2013 August 5, 1979) was an Austrian actress. She performed in many comedies and appeared on Arsen Lupin, a 1970s television series. She died in an accident at age 25.\n\n", "Q87742": "G\u00fcnther Krause (born 3 September 1953) is a German engineer, academic, politician and businessman. He was Germany's minister of transport from 1991 to 1993.", "Q449020": "Hattie Jacques (; born Josephine Edwina Jaques; 7 February 1922 \u2013 6 October 1980) was an English comedy actress of stage, radio and screen. She is best known as a regular of the Carry On films, where she typically played strict, no-nonsense characters, but was also a prolific television and radio performer.\nJacques started her career in 1944 with an appearance at the Players' Theatre in London, but came to national prominence through her appearances on three highly popular radio series on the BBC: with Tommy Handley on It's That Man Again; with ventriloquist Peter Brough on Educating Archie; and then with Tony Hancock on Hancock's Half Hour. After the Second World War Jacques made her cinematic debut in Green for Danger, in which she had a brief, uncredited role. From 1958 to 1974 she appeared in 14 Carry On films, playing various roles including the formidable hospital matron. On television she had a long professional partnership with Eric Sykes, with whom she co-starred in his long-running series Sykes and Sykes and a.... The role endeared her to the public and the two became staples of British television.\nIn private, Jacques led a turbulent life. She was married to the actor John Le Mesurier from 1949 until their divorce in 1965, a separation caused by her five-year affair with another man. Jacques, who had been overweight since her teenage years, suffered ill-health soon after the separation from Le Mesurier and her weight rose to nearly 20 stone (130 kg). She died of a heart attack on 6 October 1980, at the age of 58. Her biographer, Francis Gray, considers Jacques had a \"talent for larger-than-life comedy which never lost its grip on humanity\", while she could also display \"a broader comic mode\" as a result of her \"extraordinary versatility\".", "Q387066": "Swiss German (Standard German: Schweizerdeutsch, Alemannic German: Schwyzerd\u00fctsch, Schwiizert\u00fc\u00fctsch, Schwizertitsch Mundart, and others) is any of the Alemannic dialects spoken in the German-speaking part of Switzerland and in some Alpine communities in Northern Italy bordering Switzerland. Occasionally, the Alemannic dialects spoken in other countries are grouped together with Swiss German as well, especially the dialects of Liechtenstein and Austrian Vorarlberg, which are closely associated to Switzerland's.Linguistically, Alemannic is divided into Low, High and Highest Alemannic, varieties all of which are spoken both inside and outside Switzerland. The only exception within German-speaking Switzerland is the municipality of Samnaun where a Bavarian dialect is spoken. The reason \"Swiss German\" dialects constitute a special group is their almost unrestricted use as a spoken language in practically all situations of daily life, whereas the use of the Alemannic dialects in other countries is restricted or even endangered.The dialects of Swiss German must not be confused with Swiss Standard German, the variety of Standard German used in Switzerland. Most people in Germany do not understand Swiss German. Therefore, when an interview with a Swiss German speaker is shown on German television, subtitles are required. Although Swiss German is the native language, from age 6, Swiss school students additionally learn Swiss Standard German at school and are thus capable of understanding, writing and speaking Standard German with varying abilities mainly based on the level of education.", "Q635351": "The Progressive Party (Spanish: Partido Progresista) was one of the two Spanish political parties that contended for power during the reign of Isabel II (reigned 1833\u20131868). They were to the left of the opposing Moderate Party (Spanish: Partido Moderado), but also characterized themselves as liberal. Like the Moderates, they supported Isabel against the claims of the Carlists.", "Q749926": "Barthold Kuijken (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u0251rt\u0254lt \u02c8k\u0153yk\u0259(n)]; born 8 March 1949, Dilbeek) is a Belgian flautist and recorder player, known for playing baroque music on historical instruments and particularly known for pioneering this manner of performance with his brothers, cellist and viol player Wieland Kuijken and violinist Sigiswald Kuijken and the harpsichordist Gustav Leonhardt.He studied the modern flute at the Bruges Conservatory and the Royal Conservatories of Brussels and The Hague. For playing early music he originally turned to the recorder. Research on authentic instruments, frequent collaboration with various flute and recorder makers, and assiduous study of sources of the 17th and 18th centuries helped him to specialize in the performance on original instruments.\nFor many years he played in the baroque orchestras Collegium Aureum and La Petite Bande. He plays chamber music concerts all over the world, extending his repertoire to early 19th-century music and has recorded extensively.\nHe teaches baroque flute at the Royal Conservatories of Brussels and The Hague.\nIn 2007 he obtained as first musician in Belgium the doctorate in arts (\"Doctor in de Kunsten\") at the VUB (Free University of Brussels); title of the dissertation (essay): \"The Notation is not the Music \u2013 Reflections on more than 40 years intensive practice of Early Music.\"", "Q124775": "Saint Ivo of Chartres (also Ives, Yves, or Yvo; Latin: Ivo Carnutensis; c. 1040 \u2013 23 December 1115) was the Bishop of Chartres, France from 1090 until his death, and an important canonist during the Investiture Crisis.\nIvo is claimed to have studied at the Abbey of Bec in Normandy under Lanfranc of Canterbury, where he would have met St. Anselm of Canterbury, the great scholastic theologian. In 1067 or not much later, he became, at the desire of his bishop, prior of the canons of Saint-Quentin at Beauvais. As Bishop of Chartres and a canonist he contended strongly against simony and opposed King Philip I of France's repudiation of his wife Bertha of Holland in order to marry Bertrade of Anjou in 1092. Ivo was briefly imprisoned for this opposition.\nThree extensive canonical works, namely Tripartita, Decretum, and Panormia, are attributed to him. He corresponded extensively. His liturgical feast is observed on 23 May. It is not known whether or when he was canonized.", "Q422859": "Elluz Coromoto Peraza Gonz\u00e1lez (born January 26, 1958 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan pageant titleholder and actress. Peraza was Miss Venezuela 1976, but she resigned on May 24, 1976, because she married two days after her coronation. First runner-up Judith Castillo of Nueva Esparta succeeded her. Now successfully working as a writer, producer and director at a Christian company, \"yesHEis\" doing short films to share through the internet. You can see her in some of those short films going to: es.yesheis.com", "Q94058": "Eugen von Philippovich (1858-1917) was an Austrian economist. He studied under Karl Menger, and taught at the University of Freiberg before moving to be professor of economics at the University of Vienna in 1893. His textbook Grundriss der politischen Oekonomie was \"the most successful German-language textbook on economics\" of its time: the first volume went through 19 editions, selling over 63,000 copies.", "Q267186": "Gypsy Rose Lee (born Rose Louise Hovick, January 8, 1911 \u2013 April 26, 1970) was an American burlesque entertainer and vedette famous for her striptease act. Also an actress, author, and playwright, her 1957 memoir was adapted into the 1959 stage musical Gypsy.", "Q531831": "Angel Romero (born August 17, 1946 in M\u00e1laga) is a Spanish classical guitarist, conductor and former member of the guitar quartet Los Romeros. He is the youngest son of Celedonio Romero, who in 1957 left Spain for the United States with his family.\nRomero made his professional debut at the age of six. At the age of sixteen, at his United States debut, he appeared as the Los Angeles Philharmonic's first guitar soloist, giving Joaqu\u00edn Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez its premiere for the US West Coast. He has studied conducting with Eugene Ormandy, the conductor of the Philadelphia Orchestra.\nHe has performed as a soloist with orchestras including the New York Philharmonic, the Cleveland Orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic, the New World Symphony, and the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra. He has also conducted the Pittsburgh Symphony, the Academy of St Martin in the Fields, the Royal Philharmonic, Germany\u2019s NDR Symphony Orchestra and the Berlin Symphoniker, the Beijing Philharmonic, the Euro-Asia Philharmonic, the Shanghai Symphony, the Bogot\u00e1 Philharmonic, the Chicago Sinfonietta, the Orquesta de Baja California, the Santa Barbara Symphony, the San Diego Symphony and the San Diego Chamber Orchestra, among others. He has made highly acclaimed recordings for Delos International, RCA Victor Red Seal and RCA Victor Worldwide, Telarc and Angel/EMI (Angel/EMI recordings produced by Patti Laursen).\nOn February 11, 2000 at the USC Thornton School of Music, he and his brothers, Pepe and Celin, were each presented with the Grand Cross of Isabel la Catolica (the highest honour that can be offered in Spain), and were knighted for their musical accomplishments; the ceremony included a gala performance by The Romeros and the Thornton Chamber Orchestra.In 2007, he was honoured by the Recording Academy, producer of the Grammy Awards, with the Recording Academy President\u2019s Merit Award.\nHe has also been involved in the film industry. In 1989, he performed the score for The Milagro Beanfield War, directed by Robert Redford. In 1994, he composed and directed the musical score for Bienvenido-Welcome, a film by Gabriele Retes, for which he won the 1995 ARIEL (the \"Academy Award\" of Mexico). He also performed and recorded the score for By the Sword composed by Bill Conti, and played a cameo role in Bound by Honor, a Taylor Hackford film.", "Q85155": "Ferdinand Avenarius (20 December 1856, in Berlin \u2013 22 September 1923, in Kampen) was a German lyric poet, a leading representative of the culture reform movement of his time and the first popularizer of Sylt.", "Q239944": "Phyllis Christine Cast (born April 30, 1960) is an American romance/fantasy author, known for the House of Night series she writes with her daughter Kristin Cast, as well as her own Goddess Summoning and Partholon book series.", "Q164351": "Gerhard Richter (German: [\u02c8\u0281\u026a\u00e7t\u0250]; born 9 February 1932) is a German visual artist. Richter has produced abstract as well as photorealistic paintings, and also photographs and glass pieces. He is widely regarded as one of the most important contemporary German artists and several of his works have set record prices at auction. \n\n", "Q345455": "Charles Fran\u00e7ois de Cisternay du Fay (14 September 1698 \u2013 16 July 1739) was a French chemist and superintendent of the Jardin du Roi.\nHe discovered the existence of two types of electricity and named them \"vitreous\" and \"resinous\" (later known as positive and negative charge respectively). He noted the difference between conductors and insulators, calling them 'electrics' and 'non-electrics' for their ability to produce contact electrification. He also discovered that alike-charged objects would repel each other and that unlike-charged objects attract. He also disproved certain misconceptions regarding electric charge, such as that of Dr. Stephen Gray who believed that electric properties of a body depended on its colour. Du Fay's observations on electricity were reported in a paper written in December 1733 and printed in Volume 38 of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1734. He became a member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1723.\nDu Fay died of smallpox in 1739.", "Q241141": "Things to Come (also known in promotional material as H. G. Wells' Things to Come) is a 1936 British black-and-white science fiction film from United Artists, produced by Alexander Korda, directed by William Cameron Menzies, and written by H. G. Wells. The film stars Raymond Massey, Ralph Richardson, Cedric Hardwicke, Pearl Argyle, and Margaretta Scott.\nThe dialogue and plot were devised by H. G. Wells as \"a new story\" meant to display the \"social and political forces and possibilities\" that he had outlined in his 1933 story The Shape of Things to Come, a work he considered less a novel than a \"discussion\" in fictional form that presented itself as the notes of a 22nd-century diplomat. The film was also influenced by previous works, including his 1897 story \"A Story of the Days to Come\" and his 1931 work on society and economics, The Work, Wealth and Happiness of Mankind. The cultural historian Christopher Frayling called Things to Come \"a landmark in cinematic design\".", "Q41117": "Kim Il-sung (officially transcribed Kim Il Sung; English pronunciation: ; Korean: \uae40\uc77c\uc131; Korean pronunciation: [kimils\u0348\u028c\u014b]; born Kim S\u014fng-ju (\uae40\uc131\uc8fc); 15 April 1912 \u2013 8 July 1994) was the founder of North Korea, which he ruled from the country's establishment in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of Premier from 1948 to 1972 and President from 1972 to 1994. He was also the leader of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) from 1949 to 1994 (titled as Chairman from 1949 to 1966 and as General Secretary after 1966). Coming to power after the end of Japanese rule in 1945, he authorized the invasion of South Korea in 1950, triggering an intervention in defense of South Korea by the United Nations led by the United States. Following the military stalemate in the Korean War, a ceasefire was signed on 27 July 1953. He was the third longest-serving non-royal head of state/government in the 20th century, in office for more than 45 years.\nUnder his leadership, North Korea was established as a communist state with a publicly owned and planned economy. It had close political and economic relations with the Soviet Union. By the late 1950's and during the 1960's and 1970's, North Korea enjoyed a standard of living higher than the South, which was suffering from political chaos and economic crises. The situation reversed in the 1980's, as a newly stable South Korea became an economic powerhouse fueled by Japanese and American investment, military aid, and internal economic development, while North Korea stagnated and then declined in the same time. Differences emerged between North Korea and the Soviet Union, chief among them being Kim Il-sung's philosophy of Juche, which focused on Korean nationalism, self-reliance, and socialism. Despite this, the country received funds, subsidies and aid from the USSR (and the Eastern Bloc) until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. The resulting loss of economic aid adversely affected the North's economy, causing widespread famine in 1994. During this period, North Korea also remained critical of the United States defense force's presence in the region, which it considered imperialism, having seized the American ship USS Pueblo in 1968, which was part of an infiltration and subversion campaign to reunify the peninsula under North Korea's rule. He outlived Joseph Stalin by four decades and Mao Zedong by almost two and remained in power during the terms of office of six South Korean Presidents, ten US Presidents, and the rule of British monarchs George VI and later his daughter Elizabeth II. Known as the Great Leader (Suryong), he established a personality cult which dominates domestic politics in North Korea.\nAt the 6th WPK Congress in 1980, his oldest son Kim Jong-il was elected as a Presidium member and chosen as his heir apparent to the supreme leadership. Kim Il-sung's birthday is a public holiday in North Korea called the \"Day of the Sun\". In 1998, Kim Il-sung was declared \"eternal President of the Republic\".", "Q561960": "Evan Clark Williams (born March 31, 1972) is an American computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur who has founded several Internet companies. Williams was previously chairman and CEO of Twitter, one of the top ten websites on the Internet. He also founded Blogger and Medium, two of the largest and most notable blog distribution websites.", "Q174624": "James Indus Farley (February 4, 1871 \u2013 June 16, 1948) was a three-term member of the United States Congress from Indiana during the New Deal. Born on a farm near Hamilton, Indiana, he attended Tri-State College in nearby Angola, and Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa. After four years of teaching school, he went to work for the Auburn Automobile Company and rose to become the company's president. In 1928, he entered politics as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention. He was elected to Congress in 1932 from the Fourth District, defeating incumbent Republican David Hogg. He was re-elected twice before losing to Republican George W. Gillie in 1938. He died in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, and is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery, Auburn, Indiana.", "Q132671": "Pau (French pronunciation: \u200b[po], Occitan pronunciation: [paw]; Basque: Paue [pau]) is a commune on the northern edge of the Pyrenees, and capital of the Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques D\u00e9partement in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France.\nThe city is located in the heart of the former sovereign Principality of B\u00e9arn, of which it was the capital from 1464. Bordered by the Gave de Pau, the city is located 100 kilometres (62 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean and 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Spain. This position gives it an exceptional panorama across the mountain range of the Pyrenees as well as on the hillsides of Juran\u00e7on. The name of Horizons Palois aims to protect this vision, in particular with the famous Boulevard des Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es which extends for 1.8 kilometres (1.1 miles) from the Ch\u00e2teau de Pau to the Parc Beaumont. Alphonse de Lamartine said: \"Pau has the world's most beautiful view of the earth just as Naples has the most beautiful view of the sea.\"\nArchaeology has asserted that the site has been occupied at least since the Gallo-Roman era. Nevertheless, it wasn't until the first half of the 12th century that the first mentions of Pau as a settlement are found. The town originated from the construction of its castle, likely from the 11th century by the Viscounts of B\u00e9arn, to protect the ford which was a strategic point for access to the Bearn valleys and then to Spain. The city thus took its name from the stockade (pau in Bearnese) which set the boundaries of the primitive castle.\nThe village which was built around the castle took advantage of its strategic position as well as the protection of the Viscounts of B\u00e9arn to widely develop over the following centuries. Pau became the capital of B\u00e9arn in 1464, thus becoming the political, cultural and economic centre of this small State which continued to defend its independence from the neighbouring French, English and Spanish territories. The town and its castle took on a new dimension by becoming the seat of the Kings of Navarre, at the capture of Pamplona, by the Kingdom of Castile in 1512. Pau became a leading political and intellectual centre under the reign of Henry d'Albret and his wife Marguerite.\nThe history of Pau is marked by the birth of Henry of Bourbon 13 December 1553 in the castle of his grandparents. He gained access to the throne of France in 1589 under the title of Henry IV. The image of the city is since widely associated with that of this monarch made famous for his willingness to put an end to the seemingly endless Wars of Religion. With the end of B\u00e9arnaise independence in 1620, Pau lost its influence but remained the same at the head of a largely autonomous province. It was home to the Parliament of Navarre and B\u00e9arn which wrote its texts in Occitan until the Revolution and its dismantling to create the Department of Basses-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es (renamed Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques in 1969). It was during the 18th century when another famous person was born in Pau, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte who became Marshal of the Empire and King of Sweden, today still the ruling dynasty of Sweden and also of Norway when that country was under the Swedish monarchy.\nThe Belle \u00c9poque marked a resurgence for the B\u00e9arnaise capital with a massive influx of wealthy foreign tourists (including English but also Russian, Spanish and American), they came to spend the winter to take advantage of the benefits of Pau's climate described by the Scottish physician Alexander Taylor. Pau turned widely with the construction of many villas and mansions to accommodate these wintering rich people, the city also developed all elements of modernity for their comfort: baths, funicular and railway station. It was at this time that Pau became one of the world capitals of the nascent aerospace industry under the influence of the Wright brothers, crowned heads then pressed there to observe the flight of the first flying school in the world.\nWith the decline of tourism during the 20th century, the Pau economy (and its suburbs) gradually shifted towards the aviation industry and then to that of petrochemicals with the major discovery of the Lacq gas field in 1951. Pau today is a city of about 80,000 inhabitants, the main urban area of Pau and of the Communaut\u00e9 d'agglom\u00e9ration Pau B\u00e9arn Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es with 30 neighbouring communes which carry out local tasks together. The Universit\u00e9 de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, founded in 1972, accounts for a large student population. The city plays a leading role for B\u00e9arn but also for a wide segment of the Adour area. An administrative capital, it boasts a dense economic fabric including service activities. Pau also plays the role of cultural capital with many events, including sports. Pau's heritage extends over several centuries, its diversity and its quality allowed it to obtain the label of City of Art and History in 2011.\nThe name of its people is Palois in French, and paulin in Occitan. The motto of Pau is in Latin: Urbis palladium et gentis (\"protective of the city and its people\").", "Q217307": "Desperate Hours is a 1990 American neo-noir suspense action crime drama remake of the 1955 William Wyler crime drama of the same title. Both films are based on the novel by Joseph Hayes, who also co-wrote the script for this film with Lawrence Konner and Mark Rosenthal. (Rosenthal and Konner's other collaborations include the screenplay of Superman IV: The Quest For Peace.) Desperate Hours stars Mickey Rourke, Anthony Hopkins, Mimi Rogers, Kelly Lynch, Lindsay Crouse, Elias Koteas and David Morse. It is directed by Michael Cimino, who had previously worked with Rourke on the films Heaven's Gate and Year of the Dragon.", "Q1586454": "Harry Forster Chapin (December 7, 1942 \u2013 July 16, 1981) was an American singer-songwriter, humanitarian and producer best known for his folk rock and pop rock songs. He achieved worldwide success in the 1970s and became one of the most popular artists and highest paid performers. Chapin is also one of the best charting musical artists in the United States. Chapin, a Grammy Award winning artist and Grammy Hall of Fame inductee, has sold over 16 million records worldwide. He has been described as one of the most beloved performers in music history.Chapin recorded a total of 11 albums from 1972 until his death in 1981. All 14 singles that he released became hits on at least one national music chart.\nAs a dedicated humanitarian, Chapin fought to end world hunger. He was a key participant in the creation of the Presidential Commission on World Hunger in 1977. Chapin is credited with being the most politically and socially active American performer of the 1970s. In 1987, Chapin was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for his humanitarian work.\n\n", "Q11720": "Shenyang ([\u0282\u0259\u0300n.j\u01ce\u014b]; Chinese: \u6c88\u9633), formerly known as Fengtian (Chinese: \u5949\u5929) or by its Manchu name Mukden, is a major sub-provincial city and the provincial capital of Liaoning province, China. Located in central-north Liaoning, it is the province's most populous city as well as the largest city in Northeast China by urban population, with an urban population of 6.3 million (2010 census), while the total metropolitan population is up to 8.1 million. Shenyang is also the central city of one of the major megalopolises in China, the Greater Shenyang Metropolitan Area, with a total population over 23 million. The city's administrative region includes the ten metropolitan districts of Shenyang proper, the county-level city of Xinmin, and two counties of Kangping and Faku.\nIn the 17th century, Shenyang was conquered by the Manchu people and briefly used as the capital of the Qing dynasty. The Battle of Mukden took place in 1905 as part of the Russo-Japanese War. Japan's subsequent victory allowed them to annex the region west of the old city and increase their influence on Shenyang; the Mukden Incident led the Japanese to further invade and occupy the rest of Northeast China, creating the puppet state of Manchukuo. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, Shenyang remained a Kuomintang stronghold, but was captured by the Communists in 1948 after the Liaoshen Campaign.\nAlong with its nearby cities, Shenyang is an important industrial center in China, and serves as the transportation and commercial hub of China's northeast\u2014particularly with Japan, Russia and Korea. A center of heavy industry in China since the 1930s, and the spearhead of the Chinese central government's Northeast Area Revitalization Plan, the city has been diversifying its industry, including expanding into the service sector. Growing industries include software, automotive and electronics.\n\n", "Q57775": "Boyko Metodiev Borisov (Bulgarian: \u0411\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432, IPA: [\u02c8b\u0254jko m\u025b\u02c8t\u0254di\u025bf bo\u02c8risof]; born 13 June 1959) is a Bulgarian politician who has been serving as Prime Minister of Bulgaria since May 2017. He was previously Prime Minister on two other occasions, from 2009 to 2013, and from 2014 to January 2017, making him Bulgaria's third-longest serving Prime Minister to date.\nBorisov was elected Mayor of Sofia in 2005. In December 2006, he was the founding chairman of the conservative political party Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria (GERB), becoming the new party's lead candidate for the 2009 general election. Borisov led GERB to a landslide victory in 2009, defeating the incumbent Socialist Party, and resigned as Mayor of Sofia in order to be sworn in as Prime Minister. Borisov resigned in 2013, after nationwide protests against the government's energy policy, but after leading GERB to victory in the 2014 general election, he became Prime Minister for a second time. His second term ended similarly to his first, after Borisov resigned in January 2017, this time following GERB's defeat in the 2016 presidential election. As before, Borisov led GERB to election victory again in the snap 2017 general election, becoming Prime Minister for a third time.\nUnder Borisov's cabinets, Bulgaria has seen improved macroeconomic stability. Concurrently, Bulgaria has remained the EU's poorest member, with nearly a quarter of its population remaining below national poverty lines. Foreign direct investment has fallen, and rampant corruption has led to the rejection of Bulgaria's Schengen Area bids. Significantly, electoral results of Borisov or his party have been overshadowed by allegations of election fraud and manipulation in 2013, 2015, and in 2019 on both local and European Parliament elections. Judicial threats and attacks against journalists have increased to the point where journalism in Bulgaria has become \"dangerous\" according to Reporters Without Borders, which ranks Bulgaria 111th globally in press freedom. Former U.S. ambassador to Bulgaria, James Pardew, stated in 2019 that a \"national political environment with little government or criminal accountability and no serious opposition to challenge the current government\" is in place as a result of collusion, corruption and stifling of the media under Borisov.In 2013, whilst Prime Minister, he became the oldest player ever to play for a Bulgarian professional club when he appeared for FC Vitosha Bistritsa in the B Group, the second division of Bulgarian football.\n\n", "Q230960": "Dania Jissel Ramirez (born November 8, 1979) is a Dominican-American television and film actress. Her credits include the roles of Maya Herrera in Heroes, Alex in Entourage, and Blanca during the last season of The Sopranos on television. Her film roles include Alex Guerrero in She Hate Me and Callisto in the feature film X-Men: The Last Stand. \nShe portrayed Rosie Falta on Lifetime's Devious Maids from June 2013 until its cancellation in 2016. In July 2017, Ramirez joined the hit ABC series Once Upon a Time for its softly-rebooted seventh season in a starring role as Cinderella.", "Q269815": "Alma Gluck (May 11, 1884 \u2013 October 27, 1938) was a Romanian-born American soprano.", "Q172255": "Robert Woodward \"Bobby\" Rahal (born January 10, 1953) is an American former auto racing driver and team owner. As a driver he won three championships and 24 races in the CART open-wheel series, including the 1986 Indianapolis 500. He also won the 2004 Indianapolis 500 as a team owner for the winning driver, Buddy Rice.\nAfter retiring as a driver, Rahal held managerial positions with the Jaguar Formula 1 team and also was an interim president of the CART series. Rahal was also a sports car driver during the 1980s, and made one NASCAR start for the Wood Brothers.", "Q315262": "Simon Jonathan Sebag Montefiore (; born 27 June 1965) is a British historian, television presenter and author of popular history books and novels.\n\n", "Q93051": "Lov Kumar Grover (born 1961) is an Indian-American computer scientist. He is the originator of the Grover database search algorithm used in quantum computing. Grover's 1996 algorithm won renown as the second major algorithm proposed for quantum computing (after Shor's 1994 algorithm), and in 2017 was finally implemented in a scalable physical quantum system. Grover's algorithm has been the subject of numerous popular science articles. Grover has been ranked as the 9th most prominent computer scientist from India.Grover received his bachelor's degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi in 1981 and his PhD in Electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1985. He then went to Bell Laboratories, where he worked for an assistant professor at Cornell University from 1987 to 1995.", "Q676": "Prose is a form or technique of language that exhibits a natural flow of speech and grammatical structure. Novels, textbooks and newspaper articles are all examples of prose. The word prose is frequently used in opposition to traditional poetry, which is language with a regular structure and a common unit of verse based on metre or rhyme. However, as T. S. Eliot noted, whereas \"the distinction between verse and prose is clear, the distinction between poetry and prose is obscure\"; developments in modern literature, including free verse and prose poetry, have led to the two techniques indicating two ends on a spectrum of ways to compose language, as opposed to two discrete options.\n\n", "Q152185": "The Legend of Lucy Keyes is a 2006 suspense mystery film directed and written by John Stimpson, and starring Julie Delpy, Justin Theroux and Brooke Adams.", "Q62916": "Karl Kaufmann (10 October 1900 in Krefeld \u2013 4 December 1969 in Hamburg) was a Nazi Gauleiter in Hamburg\u2014head of the Nazi Party, and government of Hamburg from 1933 until 1945.", "Q319458": "Machine Head is an American heavy metal band from Oakland, California. The band was formed in 1991 by vocalist/guitarist Robb Flynn and bassist Adam Duce. The band's aggressive musicianship made it one of the pioneering bands in the new wave of American heavy metal, and it is also considered to be part of the second wave of thrash metal bands from the 1990s. Machine Head's current lineup comprises Flynn, bassist Jared MacEachern, guitarist Wac\u0142aw Kie\u0142tyka and drummer Matt Alston. Duce, guitarists Logan Mader, Ahrue Luster and Phil Demmel, and drummers Tony Costanza, Chris Kontos and Dave McClain are former members of the band; Mader and Kontos are currently touring with the band as part of the 25th anniversary tour for its first album, Burn My Eyes (1994).\nMachine Head's first four albums earned the band a growing fan base in Europe, however the band would not have success in their native United States until later releases. The band drew controversy with its fourth album, Supercharger (2001), released three weeks after the September 11 attacks, which resulted in the album's only single, \"Crashing Around You\", and its music video (which featured burning buildings) being pulled from all media outlets. The band nearly disbanded in 2002 after negotiating off its label Roadrunner Records as a result of the controversy, however the band would eventually re-sign with the label.\nHaving experimented with elements of groove metal and nu metal in its early releases, Machine Head changed to a more traditional thrash metal sound and longer songs with its sixth album, The Blackening (2007), which drew critical acclaim and was chosen as Album of the Decade by Metal Hammer in 2010; the album's first single, \"Aesthetics of Hate\", also earned the band a Grammy Award nomination. The band achieved similar success with its following two albums, Unto the Locust (2011) and Bloodstone & Diamonds (2014), before returning to its nu metal roots with the release of its ninth album, Catharsis (2018).\nMachine Head has released nine studio albums, two live albums, one video album, 13 singles and 15 music videos. Four of the band's studio albums have been certified silver in the United Kingdom, and the band's highest peak on the Billboard 200 came with Bloodstone & Diamonds at number 21. As of 2013, the band has sold over three million records worldwide.", "Q5694279": "Heathfield School is a girls' independent boarding and day school in Ascot, Berkshire, England. In 2006, the school absorbed St Mary's School, Wantage and was briefly named Heathfield St Mary's School but reverted to Heathfield School in 2009 to try to avoid confusion with the nearby St Mary's School, Ascot. The school's grounds cover 36 acres (15 ha) situated on the edge of Ascot (actually in Bracknell Forest), providing access from London, the major airports, the M3 and M4 motorways.", "Q263486": "Curtis Lee Hanson (March 24, 1945 \u2013 September 20, 2016) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. His directing work included the psychological thriller The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (1992), the neo-noir crime film L.A. Confidential (1997), the comedy Wonder Boys (2000), the hip-hop biopic 8 Mile (2002), the romantic comedy-drama In Her Shoes (2005), and the made-for-television docudrama Too Big to Fail (2011).\nHanson won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay in 1998, for co-writing L.A. Confidential with Brian Helgeland, with additional nominations for Best Picture, Best Director, and for the Palme d'Or at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival. An active member of the Directors Guild of America, he was a member of the Creative Rights Committee, the President's Committee on Film Preservation, and the Film Foundation.", "Q8424": "Aerodynamics, from Greek \u1f00\u03ae\u03c1 aero (air) + \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae (dynamics), is the study of motion of air, particularly as interaction with a solid object, such as an airplane wing. It is a sub-field of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, and many aspects of aerodynamics theory are common to these fields. The term aerodynamics is often used synonymously with gas dynamics, the difference being that \"gas dynamics\" applies to the study of the motion of all gases, and is not limited to air. \nThe formal study of aerodynamics began in the modern sense in the eighteenth century, although observations of fundamental concepts such as aerodynamic drag were recorded much earlier. Most of the early efforts in aerodynamics were directed toward achieving heavier-than-air flight, which was first demonstrated by Otto Lilienthal in 1891. Since then, the use of aerodynamics through mathematical analysis, empirical approximations, wind tunnel experimentation, and computer simulations has formed a rational basis for the development of heavier-than-air flight and a number of other technologies. Recent work in aerodynamics has focused on issues related to compressible flow, turbulence, and boundary layers and has become increasingly computational in nature.", "Q287072": "The University of Burgundy (French: Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne, uB; former University of Dijon, Universit\u00e9 de Dijon (until 1984)) is a university in Dijon, France.\nThe University of Burgundy is situated on a large campus (more than 150 ha) in the west part of Dijon of called Campus Montmuzard, about 15 minutes by tram from the city centre. The humanities and sciences are well represented on the main campus, along with law, medicine, and literature in separate buildings. \nThe IUT (Institute of technology) is also on the campus, providing specialist higher level diplomas in business, biology, communications and computer science.\nThe university counts 10 faculties, 4 engineering schools, 3 institutes of technology offering undergraduate courses, and 2 professional institutes providing post-graduate programmes.\nWith numerous student societies and good support services for international and disabled students, the campus is a welcoming place with numerous CROUS restaurants and canteens providing subsidised food and snacks.", "Q552372": "Johnston McCulley (February 2, 1883 \u2013 November 23, 1958) was the author of hundreds of stories, fifty novels, numerous screenplays for film and television, and the creator of the character Zorro.\nMany of his novels and stories were written under the pseudonyms Harrington Strong, Raley Brien, George Drayne, Monica Morton, Rowena Raley, Frederic Phelps, Walter Pierson, and John Mack Stone, among others.\nMcCulley started as a police reporter for The Police Gazette and served as an Army public affairs officer during World War I. An amateur history buff, he went on to a career in pulp magazines and screenplays, often using a Southern California backdrop for his stories.\nAside from Zorro, McCulley created many other pulp characters, including Black Star, The Spider, The Mongoose, and Thubway Tham. Many of McCulley's characters\u2014The Green Ghost, The Thunderbolt, and The Crimson Clown\u2014were inspirations for the masked heroes that have appeared in popular culture from McCulley's time to the present day.\nBorn in Ottawa, Illinois, and raised in Chillicothe, Illinois, he died in 1958 in Los Angeles, California, aged 75.\n\n", "Q773310": "David Whissell, BEng (born September 1, 1967) is a Canadian politician, businessman, engineer and former Quebec cabinet minister.\nBorn in Montreal, Quebec, Whissell received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the \u00c9cole polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al in 1990. He worked as an engineer at Whissell Inc., in Lachute, and became the president and owner of Beton 344 Inc. in Saint-Andr\u00e9-d'Argenteuil near Lachute, and the president and vice-president of the Chamber of Commerce of Lachute.\nPrior to his entry into provincial politics, he was the president of the Liberal Party of Canada association in the Argenteuil region. He was later the member for Argenteuil in the National Assembly of Quebec as a member of the Quebec Liberal Party. He was first elected in a by-election on June 1, 1998, and was re-elected in the general elections held on November 30, 1998 and April 14, 2003. When the Liberals regained power he was named the Parliamentary secretary to Jean Charest. In 2005, after a Cabinet shuffle, he would become the Chair of the Government Caucus and member responsible for the Laurentians.\nWhissell was the only Liberal member to be re-elected in the Laurentides region in the 2007 elections. He was named Minister of Labour and the Minister responsible for the Abitibi-T\u00e9miscamingue, Laurentides and Lanaudi\u00e8re regions.\nHe resigned from the Cabinet on September 9, 2009 following a conflict of interest related to a company in which he owned shares. According to a local newspaper, the company, ABC Rive-Nord, specialized in asphalt making and received multiple contracts without call for bids from the Ministry of Transportation.He resigned his seat in the National Assembly on December 16, 2011, citing family reasons and a desire to focus on his business career.He lives with Francine Vaillancourt and is the father of two children, Justine and Philippe.", "Q118932": "Johann Martin Usteri (14 February 1763 in Z\u00fcrich \u2013 29 July 1827, Rapperswil) was a Swiss poet, noted for has narrative poetry and his idyls. He was one of the earliest German poets to write poems in his native Z\u00fcrich dialect; among these, his Vicar holds the foremost place.", "Q1374499": "Pedro Armend\u00e1riz Bohr (April 6, 1940 \u2013 December 26, 2011), better known by his stage name Pedro Armend\u00e1riz Jr., was a Mexican actor who made films and television series from the United States and Mexico.", "Q661066": "The Sarganserland is a constituency (Wahlkreis) of the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland, with a population of 36,892 (as of 2008).\nThe constituency corresponds to the historical county of Sargans (13th to 15th century) and the later Landvogtei Sargans in the Old Swiss Confederacy (15th to 18th century). Part of the Canton of Linth in the Helvetic Republic, the Sarganserland together with Pf\u00e4fers was joined to the canton of St. Gallen at its formation in 1803.\nGeographically, it includes the land between the Rhine at Sargans (the tripoint of St. Gallen, Grisons and Liechtenstein) and upper Lake Walen, including the Seeztal. The territory of Pf\u00e4fers lies along the Tamina, in the Rhine basin, and was not historically part of Sargans county but was independently owned by Pf\u00e4fers Abbey, and had been joined to the canton of Linth in 1798.", "Q91646": "Jacob Leupold (22 July 1674 \u2013 12 January 1727) was a German physicist, mathematician, instrument maker, mining commissioner and engineer. He wrote the seminal book Theatrum Machinarum Generale (\"The General Theory of Machines\").", "Q80993": "Software engineering is the systematic application of engineering approaches to the development of software. Software engineering is a sub-field of computing science.", "Q1489015": "Gabriel Georges Bouillon (5 March 1898 \u2013 1984) was a French classical violinist and music pedagogue.", "Q873735": "The Colonial Council was an advisory body of the Government of Germany that existed from 1890 to 1907 again from 1911 to 1913. It advised the Imperial Colonial Office, a part of the Foreign Office, on political and economic matters relevant to the German colonies in Africa and around the world. Its members were appointed by the Chancellor.", "Q682316": "ESADE (Escola Superior d'Administraci\u00f3 i Direcci\u00f3 d'Empreses) is a private Jesuit educational institution within the Ramon Llull University, in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ESADE runs two schools of the university, ESADE Business School and ESADE Law School, as well as a language center, the ESADE Executive Language Center. The school has also formed a strategic alliance with the Ramon Llull University in its undergraduate programmes in Law and Business\n\n", "Q75259": "Sophie W\u00f6rish\u00f6ffer, or Sophie Andresen (6 October 1838 in Pinneberg - 8 November 1890 in Altona, Hamburg) was a German writer of over a dozen adventure stories for young people.", "Q62725": "Claus Offe (born 16 March 1940 in Berlin) is a political sociologist of Marxist orientation. He received his PhD from the University of Frankfurt and his Habilitation at the University of Konstanz. In Germany, he has held chairs for Political Science and Political Sociology at the Universities of Bielefeld (1975\u20131989) and Bremen (1989\u20131995), as well as at the Humboldt-University of Berlin (1995\u20132005). He has worked as fellow and visiting professor at the Institutes for Advanced Study in Stanford, Princeton, and the Australian National University as well as Harvard University, the University of California at Berkeley and The New School University, New York. Once a student of J\u00fcrgen Habermas, the left-leaning German academic is counted among the second generation Frankfurt School. He currently teaches political sociology at a private university in Berlin, the Hertie School of Governance.\n\nHe has made substantive contributions to understanding the relationships between democracy and capitalism. His recent work has focused on economies and states in transition to democracy.\nHe has been married to Ulrike Poppe since 2001.", "Q1380295": "Owen John \"Terry\" Scott (4 May 1927 \u2013 26 July 1994) was an English actor and comedian who appeared in seven Carry On films. He also appeared in BBC1's domestic sitcom Terry and June with June Whitfield.", "Q7924": "Arnsberg is one of the five Regierungsbezirks of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the south-east of the country. It covers the Sauerland hills as well as the east part of the Ruhr area.\nThe region was founded in 1815 as a subdivision of the Prussian Province of Westphalia.", "Q543294": "Michael Kelley (October 27, 1954 \u2013 c. January 31, 2012) was an American artist. His work involved found objects, textile banners, drawings, assemblage, collage, performance and video. He often worked collaboratively and had produced projects with artists Paul McCarthy, Tony Oursler and John Miller. Writing in The New York Times, in 2012, Holland Cotter described the artist as \"one of the most influential American artists of the past quarter century and a pungent commentator on American class, popular culture and youthful rebellion.\"", "Q80978": "The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP, and stylized as hp), or Hewlett-Packard ( HEW-lit PAK-\u0259rd), was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California. It developed and provided a wide variety of hardware components as well as software and related services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and large enterprises, including customers in the government, health and education sectors. In 1999, HP split into two companies: one retaining the original company name, the other named Agilent Technologies. The first product line of Hewlett-Packard, test and measurement equipment, went to Agilent Technologies, while HP retained focus on its later products including computers and printers. In 2015, HP again was split into two separate companies, HP Inc. and Hewlett Packard Enterprise. \nThe company was founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto, California by Bill Hewlett and David Packard, and initially produced a line of electronic test and measurement equipment. The HP Garage at 367 Addison Avenue is now designated an official California Historical Landmark and is marked with a plaque calling it the \"Birthplace of 'Silicon Valley'\". The company got its first big contract in 1938, providing its test and measurement instruments for production of Walt Disney Pictures' hugely successful animated film Fantasia. This success led Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard to formally establish their Hewlett-Packard Company on 1 January 1939. The company grew into a multinational corporation widely respected for its products, and its management style and culture known as the HP Way which was adopted by other businesses worldwide. HP was the world's leading PC manufacturer from 2007 to Q2 2013, at which time Lenovo ranked ahead of HP. HP specialized in developing and manufacturing computing, data storage, and networking hardware, designing software and delivering services. Major product lines included personal computing devices, enterprise and industry standard servers, related storage devices, networking products, software and a diverse range of printers and other imaging products. HP directly marketed its products to households, small- to medium-sized businesses and enterprises as well as via online distribution, consumer-electronics and office-supply retailers, software partners and major technology vendors. HP also had services and a consulting business for its products and partner products.\nIn 1999, Hewlett-Packard Company spun off its electronic and bio-analytical test and measurement instruments business as Agilent Technologies. In 2002, it merged with Compaq, and it acquired EDS in 2008, leading to combined revenues of $118.4 billion in 2008 and a Fortune 500 ranking of 9 in 2009. In November 2009, HP announced the acquisition of 3Com, with the deal closing on April 12, 2010. On April 28, 2010, HP announced the buyout of Palm, Inc. for $1.2 billion. On September 2, 2010, HP won its bidding war for 3PAR with a $33 a share offer ($2.07 billion), which Dell declined to match.Hewlett-Packard spun off its enterprise products and services business as Hewlett Packard Enterprise on November 1, 2015. Hewlett-Packard held onto the PC and printer businesses, and was renamed to HP Inc.", "Q121180": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Reymont (Polish: [vwa\u02c8d\u0268swaf \u02c8\u027e\u025bjm\u0254nt], born Rejment; 7 May 1867 \u2013 5 December 1925) was a Polish novelist and the 1924 laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature. His best-known work is the award-winning four-volume novel Ch\u0142opi (The Peasants).\nBorn into an impoverished noble family, Reymont was educated to become a master tailor, but instead worked as a gateman at a railway station and then as an actor in a troupe. His intensive travels and voyages encouraged him to publish short stories, with notions of literary realism. Reymont's first successful and widely-praised novel was The Promised Land from 1899, which raised attention on the bewildering social inequalities, poverty, conflictive multiculturalism and labour exploitation in the industrial city of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a (Lodz). The aim of the novel was to extensively emphasize on the consequences of extreme industrialization and how it affects the society as a whole. In 1900, Reymont was severely injured in a railway accident, which halted his writing career until 1904 when he published the first part of The Peasants. \nW\u0142adys\u0142aw Reymont was heavily popularized in communist Poland due to his style of writing and the symbolism he used, including socialist concepts, romantic portrayal of the agrarian countryside and toned criticism of capitalism, all present in literary realism. His work is widely attributed to the Young Poland movement, which featured decadence and literary impressionism.\n\n", "Q185150": "Eudoxus of Cnidus (; Ancient Greek: \u0395\u1f54\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u039a\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, E\u00fadoxos ho Kn\u00eddios; c.\u2009390? \u2013 c.\u2009337 BC) was an ancient Greek astronomer, mathematician, scholar, and student of Archytas and Plato. All of his works are lost, though some fragments are preserved in Hipparchus' commentary on Aratus's poem on astronomy. Sphaerics by Theodosius of Bithynia may be based on a work by Eudoxus.", "Q9909": "Bussum (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u0275s\u0259m] (listen)) is a commuter town and former municipality in the Het Gooi region in the south east of the province of North Holland in the Netherlands near Hilversum. Since 2016, Bussum has been part of the new municipality of Gooise Meren. \nBussum had a population of 33,595 in 2019 and covered an area of 8.15 km2 (3.15 sq mi).", "Q32112": "Boxing is a combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves, throw punches at each other for a predetermined amount of time in a boxing ring.\nAmateur boxing is both an Olympic and Commonwealth Games sport and is a standard fixture in most international games\u2014it also has its own World Championships. Boxing is overseen by a referee over a series of one- to three-minute intervals called rounds.\nA winner can be resolved before the completion of the rounds when a referee deems an opponent incapable of continuing, disqualification of an opponent, or resignation of an opponent. When the fight reaches the end of its final round with both opponents still standing, the judges' scorecards determine the victor. In the event that both fighters gain equal scores from the judges, professional bouts are considered a draw. In Olympic boxing, because a winner must be declared, judges award the contest to one fighter on technical criteria.\nWhile humans have fought in hand-to-hand combat since the dawn of human history, the earliest evidence of fist-fighting sporting contests date back to the ancient Near East in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC. The earliest evidence of boxing rules date back to Ancient Greece, where boxing was established as an Olympic game in 688 BC. Boxing evolved from 16th- and 18th-century prizefights, largely in Great Britain, to the forerunner of modern boxing in the mid-19th century with the 1867 introduction of the Marquess of Queensberry Rules.", "Q428347": "J\u00f3hann Gunnar J\u00f3hannsson (Icelandic pronunciation: \u200b[\u02c8jou\u02d0han \u02c8jou\u02d0hans\u0254n]; 19 September 1969 \u2013 9 February 2018) was an Icelandic composer who wrote music for a wide array of media including theatre, dance, television, and films. His work is stylised by its blending of traditional orchestration with contemporary electronic elements.J\u00f3hann released solo albums from 2002 onward. In 2016, he signed with Deutsche Grammophon, through which he released his last solo album, Orph\u00e9e. Some of his works in film include the original scores for Denis Villeneuve's Prisoners, Sicario, and Arrival, and James Marsh's The Theory of Everything. J\u00f3hann was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Score for both The Theory of Everything and Sicario, and won a Golden Globe for Best Original Score for the former. He was a music and sound consultant on Mother!, directed by Darren Aronofsky in 2017. His scores for Mary Magdalene and Mandy were released posthumously.\nHis only feature film directed by himself, Last and First Men, premiered two years after his death at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival, where it received widespread acclaim.\n\n", "Q609325": "Geoffrey James Nicholls (29 February 1944 \u2013 28 January 2017) was a British musician and keyboardist, and longtime member of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath, until 2004. Nicholls also played in the NWOBHM band Quartz before joining Black Sabbath. In the 1960s/early 1970s, Geoff played lead guitar for the Birmingham bands The Boll Weevils, The Seed, Johnny Neal and the Starliners, and played keyboards for World of Oz.", "Q287099": "Ksenia Anatolyevna Sobchak (born 5 November 1981) is a Russian politician, TV anchor, journalist, socialite and actress. She is the younger daughter of the first democratically elected mayor of Saint Petersburg, Anatoly Sobchak, and the Russian senator Lyudmila Narusova. Sobchak became known to the wider public as a host of the reality show Dom-2 on the Russian channel TNT. She is an anchor at an independent TV channel \"Rain\" Dozhd.\nSobchak was the Civic Initiative's candidate for the 2018 Russian presidential election. At the age of 36, she became the youngest Russian presidential candidate in history.", "Q107621": "Bernhard Franz von Hess (May 22, 1792 \u2013 April 20, 1869) was a Bavarian Lieutenant General and War Minister under Maximilian II of Bavaria.", "Q1382482": "Karen Surenovich Khachaturian (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0440\u044d\u043d \u0421\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044f\u043d, Armenian: \u053f\u0561\u0580\u0565\u0576 \u053d\u0561\u0579\u0561\u057f\u0580\u0575\u0561\u0576) (Moscow, September 19, 1920 \u2013 Moscow, July 19, 2011) was a Soviet and Russian composer of Armenian ethnicity and the nephew of composer Aram Khachaturian.\nKhachaturian was born in Moscow, the son of Suren Khachaturian, a theatrical director. His studies under Genrikh Litinsky at the Moscow Conservatory were interrupted by a term of duty in the entertainment division of the Red Army. Resuming his studies in 1945, he worked with Dmitri Shostakovich and Nikolai Myaskovsky.\nIn addition to a Violin Sonata (1947), his works include a Cello Sonata (1966), a String Quartet (1969), four symphonies (1955, 1968, 1982, 1991) and a ballet, Cipollino (1973), as well as various other orchestral works and music for the theater and films.\nRhythmic drive and a careful and idiomatic use of his instrumental forces characterize his compositions. He adopted a primarily tonal approach to composition. His works have been recorded by artists including David Oistrakh, Jascha Heifetz, Mstislav Rostropovich, and Vladimir Yampolsky. A recording of the opening of his first symphony was played in a lecture-demonstration given at the University of Warwick during the first academic year in which it had undergraduates (1965-1966), by Geoffrey Bush.", "Q19397": "Alun Edward Michael (born 22 August 1943) is a British Labour politician serving as South Wales Police and Crime Commissioner since 2012. He served as Secretary of State for Wales from 1998 to 1999 and then as the first Assembly First Secretary and Leader of Welsh Labour from 1999 to 2000.\nBorn on the island of Anglesey, Michael attended Colwyn Bay Grammar School and graduated from the University of Keele in 1966 with a degree in Philosophy and English. He worked as a reporter for the South Wales Echo until 1971 and then as a youth and community worker until 1987. He became a Justice of the Peace in 1972 and served on the Cardiff City Council from 1973 to 1989. He was elected to the House of Commons in 1987, succeeding former Labour Prime Minister James Callaghan for the constituency of Cardiff South and Penarth.\nIn opposition, he was a Shadow Home Affairs Minister and then when Labour came to power in 1997 he served as a Minister of State for Home Affairs until 1998. In October of that year, Ron Davies resigned as Secretary of State for Wales following a personal controversy and Prime Minister Tony Blair appointed Michael to succeed him. In May 1999, following the first elections to the National Assembly for Wales, Michael defeated Rhodri Morgan to become the Leader of Welsh Labour and thus the first Assembly First Secretary.\nMichael resigned as Leader of Welsh Labour and First Secretary nine months later to avoid a vote of no confidence about an issue over which the First Secretary had no control, but which provided a focus for the three opposition parties to unite in an attempt to destabilise the minority Labour government. He resigned from the Welsh Assembly shortly after and served in various junior ministerial positions in the Labour government at Westminster. He resigned from the House of Commons in October 2012 to stand for the newly created position of Police and Crime Commissioner for South Wales, to which he was elected in November 2012 and again in 2016.\n\n", "Q294783": "\u00d6hringen is the largest town in Hohenlohe (district) in the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, in southwest Germany, near Heilbronn. \u00d6hringen is on the railline to Schw\u00e4bisch Hall and Crailsheim.\nWith a population of 22,745 (2009), the town is diverse. It is a quaint medieval place, and, among its ancient buildings, boasts a fine Evangelical church (German: Stiftskirche) containing carvings in cedar-wood from the 15th century and numerous interesting tombs and monuments; a Renaissance town hall; the building, now used as a library, which formerly belonged to a monastery, erected in 1034; and a palace, the former residence of the princes of Hohenlohe-\u00d6hringen.\n\n\u00d6hringen was known as Vicus Aurelii to the Romans. Eastwards of it runs the old limes Roman frontier wall, and numerous remains and inscriptions dating from the days of the Roman settlement have been discovered, including traces of three camps.", "Q70321": "Riederalp is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It was created in 2003 through the merger of Goppisberg, Greich and Ried-M\u00f6rel.\n\n", "Q3823581": "Francina D\u00edaz Mestre is a catwalk and photographic model, established in Barcelona, who worked in Spain and abroad in the 1960s and 70s. In 1982 she opened Spain's first modelling school ever and became a successful businesswoman with her school and agency.", "Q706764": "Popol Vuh were a German musical collective founded by keyboardist Florian Fricke in 1969 together with Holger Tr\u00fclzsch (percussion), Frank Fiedler (recording engineer) and Bettina Fricke (tablas and production). Other important members during the next two decades included Djong Yun, Renate Knaup, Conny Veit, Daniel Fichelscher, Klaus Wiese and Robert Eliscu. The band took its name from the Mayan manuscript containing the mythology of the Quich\u00e9 people of highland Guatemala; the name has been translated roughly as \"meeting place\" or \"book of the community\".Popol Vuh began as an electronic music project, but under Fricke's leadership they soon abandoned synthesizers for organic instrumentation and world music influences. They developed a productive working partnership with director Werner Herzog, contributing scores to films such as Aguirre, The Wrath of God (1972), Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979), and Fitzcarraldo (1982). The group are associated with West Germany's 1970s krautrock movement and are considered progenitors of ambient music. Today, Popol Vuh's best-reviewed works are In den G\u00e4rten Pharaos (1971) and Hosianna Mantra (1972).", "Q423212": "Sammul Chan Kin-fung (born 4 May 1978) is from Hong Kong. He is an actor, singer, and presenter.", "Q2684": "Vladimir (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440, IPA: [vl\u0250d\u02b2i'm\u02b2\u026ar] (listen)) is a city and the administrative center of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Klyazma River, 200 kilometers (120 mi) to the east of Moscow. It is served by a railway and the M7 motorway. Its population is 345,373\u2009(2010 Census); 315,954\u2009(2002 Census); 349,702\u2009(1989 Census). Vladimir has historical significance because it was Russia's capital in the 12th-13th centuries.", "Q1327994": "Matador Records is an independent record label, with a roster of mainly indie rock, but also punk rock, experimental rock, alternative rock, and electronic acts.", "Q66543": "Franz Grashof (11 July 1826 \u2013 26 October 1893) was a German engineer. He was a professor of Applied Mechanics at the Technische Hochschule Karlsruhe.", "Q845": "Pedro Aguirre Cerda (American Spanish: [\u02c8pe\u00f0\u027eo a\u02c8\u0263ire \u02c8se\u027e\u00f0a]; February 6, 1879 \u2013 November 25, 1941) was a Chilean political figure. A member of the Radical Party, he was chosen as the Popular Front's candidate for the 1938 presidential election, and was elected. He governed Chile until his death in 1941. Pedro Aguirre Cerda was of Basque descent.", "Q4208165": "Gideon Lee Yu (born May 14, 1971) is a Korean-American sports executive and a high technology investor and advisor.\nYu is currently the co-owner of the San Francisco 49ers football team. He was previously the team president. In 2012, Yu became the first president of color in the history of the National Football League. Prior to his career in professional sports management, Yu was a high-technology executive, most notably as the chief financial officer of both Facebook and YouTube as well as the senior vice president and treasurer of Yahoo.", "Q731876": "Whitcomb L. Judson (March 7, 1846 \u2013 December 8, 1909) was an American machine salesman, mechanical engineer and inventor. Judson invented the zipper in the 1890s.\n\n", "Q2171948": "Marc Coucke (born 27 January 1965) is a Belgian businessman, billionaire, inventor and media figure. Founder of former BEL20 pharmaceutical company Omega Pharma, he has spread his business interests across several sectors including art, through his company Kamacoucka, and sports, through the co-ownership and sponsorship of the UCI ProTeam Deceuninck\u2013Quick-Step cycling team, sponsorship of French Ligue 1 side Lille OSC and in the capacity of chairman of Belgian Pro League team Anderlecht.", "Q71759": "Benjamin Sadler (born February 12, 1971) is a German actor who was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the son of a German graphic designer and a British teacher. He lived in Canada until he was five. In 1976 he moved with his parents to Germany.\nAfter studying at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, his career as actor started in 1994 with roles in German thrillers such as Wolffs Revier and SK-Babies. In 2001 he appeared in the German-Italian film Maria Magdalena in the role as John the Baptist beside Maria Grazia Cucinotta and Danny Quinn. In 2002 he worked on two further religious films: The Bible - The Apocalypse with Richard Harris and Luther with Joseph Fiennes and Sir Peter Ustinov. He also appeared as the young emperor Augustus (Peter O'Toole was the emperor in later life).In 2006 he played the part of a physician in the film Dresden. In 2007 he starred as a lawyer and father of a thalidomide-handicapped daughter, for which he received a Bambi Award in 2007. He explained in an interview that he was proud to be a part of the film, which influenced the German parliament to pass a law giving greater financial compensation for victims of thalidomide.", "Q1886750": "Van Allen Clinton McCoy (January 6, 1940 \u2013 July 6, 1979) was an American musician, record producer, arranger, songwriter, singer and orchestra conductor. He is known best for his 1975 internationally successful song \"The Hustle\". He has approximately 700 song copyrights to his credit, and is also noted for producing songs for such recording artists as Gladys Knight & the Pips, The Stylistics, Aretha Franklin, Brenda & the Tabulations, David Ruffin, Peaches & Herb, Lesley Gore and Stacy Lattisaw.", "Q230035": "Joan Ann Olivier, Baroness Olivier, DBE (n\u00e9e Plowright; born 28 October 1929), commonly known as Dame Joan Plowright, is a retired English actress whose career has spanned over seven decades. She has won two Golden Globe Awards and a Tony Award and has been nominated for an Academy Award, an Emmy and two BAFTA Awards. She is also one of only four actresses to have won two Golden Globes in the same year.", "Q51489": "Manoj Nelliyattu \"M. Night\" Shyamalan ( SHAH-m\u0259-lahn; born August 6, 1970) is an American filmmaker and actor. He is known for making films with contemporary supernatural plots and twist endings. He was born in Mah\u00e9, Pondicherry, India, and raised in Penn Valley, Pennsylvania. The cumulative gross of his films exceeds $3 billion globally.He made his directorial debut in 1992 with his first movie Praying with Anger. His second movie was the comedy-drama film Wide Awake (1998). His most well-received films include the supernatural thriller The Sixth Sense (1999), the superhero thriller Unbreakable (2000), the science fiction thriller Signs (2002) and the period-piece thriller The Village (2004). For The Sixth Sense, Shyamalan received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director and the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. Afterward, Shyamalan released a series of poorly received but sometimes financially successful movies, including the dark fantasy Lady in the Water (2006), the eco-thriller The Happening (2008), The Last Airbender (2010) (an adaptation of the animated television series Avatar: The Last Airbender), and the science fiction film After Earth (2013). Following the financial failure of After Earth, Shyamalan's career was revived with the release of the found footage horror film The Visit (2015), the psychological thriller Split (2016), and continued with the superhero thriller Glass (2019), with these three made for a combined total of $34 million, while earning a combined box office of $625 million. Glass is the third and final chapter of his Unbreakable film series.\nIn addition to his directorial work, Shyamalan was a producer for the horror film Devil (2010). Shyamalan was also called in for an uncredited rewrite for the teen film She's All That (1999) and also served as a writer for the film Stuart Little (1999).\nShyamalan is also known for filming and setting his films in and outside of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Most of his commercially successful films were co-produced and released by Walt Disney Studios' Touchstone and Hollywood film imprints. In 2008, Shyamalan was awarded the Padma Shri by the government of India.", "Q70447": "Heinrich F\u00f6rster (1800-1881) was a German Roman Catholic bishop who was deposed during the Kulturkampf in Germany.", "Q103321": "Pope Gregory II (Latin: Gregorius II; 669 \u2013 11 February 731) was the bishop of Rome from 19 May 715 to his death. His defiance of Emperor Leo III the Isaurian as a result of the iconoclastic controversy in the Eastern Empire prepared the way for a long series of revolts, schisms and civil wars that eventually led to the establishment of the temporal power of the popes.", "Q50797": "Taco Ockerse (born July 21, 1955), known mononymously as Taco, is an Indonesian-born Dutch singer and entertainer who started his career in Germany.", "Q312280": "Alain Corneau (7 August 1943 \u2013 30 August 2010) was a French film director and writer.\nCorneau was born in Meung-sur-Loire, Loiret. Originally a musician, he worked with Costa-Gavras as an assistant, which was also his first opportunity to work with the actor Yves Montand, with whom he would collaborate three times later in his career, including Police Python 357 (1976) and La Menace (1977). He directed G\u00e9rard Depardieu in the screen adaptation of Tous les matins du monde in 1991.\nCorneau died in Paris on 30 August 2010 from cancer, aged 67 and was interred at P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery.", "Q241814": "Kingsport is a city in Sullivan and Hawkins counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee; most of the city is in Sullivan County and the city is the largest in both counties, but is the county seat of neither. As of the 2010 census the population was 48,205; as of 2018 the estimated population was 54,076.Kingsport is the largest city in the Kingsport\u2013Bristol\u2013Bristol, TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which had a population of 309,544 as of 2010. The Metropolitan Statistical Area is a component of the Johnson City\u2013Kingsport\u2013Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area \u2013 commonly known as the \"Tri-Cities\" region. Census data from 2006\u20132008 for the Tri-Cities Combined Statistical Area estimates a population of 496,454.\nKingsport is commonly included in what is known as the Mountain Empire, which spans a portion of southwest Virginia and the mountainous counties in northeastern Tennessee. The name \"Kingsport\" is a simplification of \"King's Port\", originally referring to the area on the Holston River known as King's Boat Yard, the head of navigation for the Tennessee Valley.", "Q77328": "Theodor Otto Richard Plievier (Plivier, until 1933) (February 12, 1892, Berlin \u2013 March 12, 1955, Avegno, Switzerland) was a German author best known for his anti-war novel Stalingrad.", "Q433767": "Herbert David Croly (January 23, 1869 \u2013 May 17, 1930) was an intellectual leader of the progressive movement as an editor, political philosopher and a co-founder of the magazine The New Republic in early twentieth-century America. His political philosophy influenced many leading progressives including Theodore Roosevelt, as well as his close friends Judge Learned Hand and Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter.His 1909 book The Promise of American Life looked to the constitutional liberalism as espoused by Alexander Hamilton, combined with the radical democracy of Thomas Jefferson. The book was one of the most influential in American political history, shaping the ideas of many intellectuals and political leaders. It also influenced the later New Deal. Calling themselves \"The New Nationalists\", Croly and Walter Weyl sought to remedy the relatively weak national institutions with a strong federal government. He promoted a strong army and navy and attacked pacifists who thought democracy at home and peace abroad was best served by keeping America weak.\nCroly was one of the founders of modern liberalism in the United States, especially through his books, essays and a highly influential magazine founded in 1914, The New Republic. In his 1914 book Progressive Democracy, Croly rejected the thesis that the liberal tradition in the United States was inhospitable to anti-capitalist alternatives. He drew from the American past a history of resistance to capitalist wage relations that was fundamentally liberal, and he reclaimed an idea that progressives had allowed to lapse\u2014that working for wages was a lesser form of liberty. Increasingly skeptical of the capacity of social welfare legislation to remedy social ills, Croly argued that America's liberal promise could be redeemed only by syndicalist reforms involving workplace democracy. His liberal goals were part of his commitment to American republicanism.", "Q4593": "Rajiv Ratna Gandhi ( (listen); 20 August 1944 \u2013 21 May 1991) was an Indian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of India from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the 1984 assassination of his mother, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, to become the youngest Indian Prime Minister at the age of 40.\nGandhi was from the politically powerful Nehru\u2013Gandhi family, which had been associated with the Indian National Congress party. For much of his childhood, his maternal grandfather Jawaharlal Nehru was Prime Minister. Gandhi attended college in the United Kingdom. He returned to India in 1966 and became a professional pilot for the state-owned Indian Airlines. In 1968, he married Sonia Gandhi; the couple settled in Delhi to a domestic life with their children Rahul Gandhi and Priyanka Gandhi Vadra. For much of the 1970s, his mother Indira Gandhi was prime minister and his brother Sanjay Gandhi an MP; despite this, Rajiv Gandhi remained apolitical. After Sanjay's death in a fighter plane crash in 1980, Gandhi reluctantly entered politics at the behest of Indira. The following year he won his brother's Parliamentary seat of Amethi and became a member of the Lok Sabha\u2014the lower house of India's Parliament. As part of his political grooming, Rajiv was made general secretary of the Congress party and given significant responsibility in organising the 1982 Asian Games.\nOn the morning of 31 October 1984, his mother was assassinated by one of her bodyguards; later that day, Gandhi was appointed Prime Minister. His leadership was tested over the next few days as organised mobs rioted against the Sikh community, resulting in anti-Sikh riots in Delhi. That December, Congress party won the largest Lok Sabha majority to date, 411 seats out of 542. Rajiv Gandhi's period in office was mired in controversies; perhaps the greatest crises were the Bhopal disaster, Bofors scandal and the Shah Bano case. In 1988, he reversed the coup in Maldives, antagonising militant Tamil groups such as PLOTE, intervening and then sending peacekeeping troops to Sri Lanka in 1987, leading to open conflict with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). In mid-1987, the Bofors scandal damaged his corruption-free image and resulted in a major defeat for his party in the 1989 election.\nGandhi remained Congress President until the elections in 1991. While campaigning for the elections, he was assassinated by a suicide bomber from the LTTE. His widow Sonia became the president of the Congress party in 1998 and led the party to victory in the 2004 and 2009 parliamentary elections. His son Rahul Gandhi is a Member of Parliament and the current President of the Indian National Congress. In 1991, the Indian government posthumously awarded Gandhi the Bharat Ratna, the country's highest civilian award. At the India Leadership Conclave in 2009, the Revolutionary Leader of Modern India award was conferred posthumously on Gandhi.\n\n", "Q1048333": "Cassiano dal Pozzo (1588 \u2013 22 October 1657) was an Italian scholar and patron of arts. The secretary of Cardinal Francesco Barberini, he was an antiquary in the classicizing circle of Rome, and a long-term friend and patron of Nicolas Poussin, whom he supported from his earliest arrival in Rome: Poussin in a letter declared that he was \"a disciple of the house and the museum of cavaliere dal Pozzo.\" A doctor with interests in the proto-science of alchemy, a correspondent of major figures like Galileo, a collector of books and master drawings, dal Pozzo was a node in the network of European scientific figures.", "Q273118": "Virginia Grey (March 22, 1917 \u2013 July 31, 2004) was an American actress who appeared in over 100 films and a number of radio and television shows from the 1930s to the early 1980s.", "Q151301": "Vaira V\u012b\u0137e-Freiberga (born 1 December 1937) is a Latvian politician who served as the sixth President of Latvia and the first female President of Latvia. She was elected President of Latvia in 1999 and re-elected for the second term in 2003.\nDr. Vaira Freiberga is a professor and interdisciplinary scholar, having published eleven books and numerous articles, essays and book chapters in addition to her extensive speaking engagements.\nAs President of the Republic of Latvia 1999\u20132007, she was instrumental in achieving membership in the European Union and NATO for her country. She is active in international politics, was named Special Envoy to the Secretary General on United Nations reform and was official candidate for UN Secretary General in 2006.\nShe remains active in the international arena and continues to speak in defense of liberty, equality and social justice, and for the need of Europe to acknowledge the whole of its history. She is a well-known pro-European, as such, in December 2007 she was named vice-chair of the Reflection group on the long-term future of the European Union. She is also known for her work in psycholinguistics, semiotics and analysis of the oral literature of her native country.\nVaira V\u012b\u0137e-Freiberga currently serves as the President of Club of Madrid, the world's largest forum of former Heads of State and Government. She is also a member of the International Programme Board of the Prague European Summit.\n\n", "Q600301": "Troy is a city in the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Rensselaer County. The city is located on the western edge of Rensselaer County and on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. Troy has close ties to the nearby cities of Albany and Schenectady, forming a region popularly called the Capital District. The city is one of the three major centers for the Albany Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which has a population of 1,170,483. At the 2010 census, the population of Troy was 50,129. Troy's motto is Ilium fuit. Troja est, which means \"Ilium was, Troy is\".Today, Troy is home to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the oldest private engineering and technical university in the US, founded in 1824. Due to the confluence of major waterways and a geography that supported water power, the American industrial revolution took hold in this area, making Troy reputedly the fourth wealthiest city in America around the turn of the 20th century. Troy, therefore, is noted for a wealth of Victorian architecture downtown and elaborate private homes in various neighborhoods. Several churches have a concentrated collection of stained glass windows by Louis Comfort Tiffany. Troy is also home to the world renowned \"Troy Music Hall\", officially the \"Troy Savings Bank Music Hall\", dating from the 1870s, which is said to have superb acoustics in a combination of restored and well preserved performance space.\nThe area had long been occupied by the Mahican Indian tribe, but Dutch settlement began in the mid 17th century. The patroon Kiliaen van Rensselaer called the region Pafraets Dael, after his mother. The Dutch colony was conquered by the English in 1664, and in 1707 Derick van der Heyden purchased a farm near today's downtown area. In 1771, Abraham Lansing had his farm in today's Lansingburgh laid out into lots. Sixteen years later, Van der Heyden's grandson Jacob had his extensive holdings surveyed and laid out into lots, naming the new village Vanderheyden.\nIn 1789, Troy adopted its present name following a vote of the people. Troy was incorporated as a town two years later and extended east across the county to the Vermont line, including Petersburgh. In 1796, Troy became a village and in 1816, it became a city. Lansingburgh, to the north, became part of Troy in 1900.", "Q3102457": "Georges Charpentier (December 22, 1846 - November 15, 1905) was a 19th-century French publisher who became known as a champion of naturalist writers, especially \u00c9mile Zola, Gustave Flaubert, and Guy de Maupassant. He also promoted Impressionist painters and together with his wife, Marguerite Charpentier, built a small but significant art collection.", "Q468005": "Marjana Lipov\u0161ek (mezzo-soprano) is an opera and concert singer. The daughter of composer Marijan Lipov\u0161ek, she was born on December 3, 1946. in Ljubljana, Slovenia. She retired in 2017 and now she rests in her family house in Ljubljana.\nShe has sung in the film soundtracks of Jakob the Liar and The Grey Zone. Notable stage appearances include Die Frau ohne Schatten, Die Walk\u00fcre and Tristan und Isolde. She has sung with many orchestras such as the Berlin Philharmonic, Boston Philharmonic, Concertgebouw Orchestra, Dresden Staatskapelle, London Philharmonic, London Symphony, Munich Philharmonic, New York Philharmonic and Vienna Philharmonic and companies such as the Bavarian State Opera, Chicago Lyric Opera, Metropolitan Opera in New York and Vienna State Opera. She has worked with Claudio Abbado, Daniel Barenboim, Bychkov, Myung-Whun Chung, Colin Davis, Christoph von Dohn\u00e1nyi, Bernard Haitink, Nikolaus Harnoncourt, James Levine, Lorin Maazel, Zubin Mehta, Riccardo Muti, Kent Nagano, Giuseppe Sinopoli and Wolfgang Sawallisch.", "Q72250": "Herwart Holland-Moritz, known as Wau Holland, (20 December 1951 \u2013 29 July 2001) was a German computer security activist and journalist who in 1981 cofounded the Chaos Computer Club (CCC), one of the world's oldest hacking clubs.", "Q213820": "Henri Fayol (29 July 1841 \u2013 19 November 1925) was a French mining engineer, mining executive, author and director of mines who developed general theory of business administration that is often called Fayolism. He and his colleagues developed this theory independently of scientific management but roughly contemporaneously. Like his contemporary, he is widely acknowledged as a founder of modern management method.", "Q43099": "The Book of Numbers (from Greek \u1f08\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03af, Arithmoi; Hebrew: \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05de\u05b4\u05d3\u05b0\u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05e8, B\u0259mi\u1e0fbar, \"In the desert [of]\") is the fourth book of the Hebrew Bible, and the fourth of five books of the Jewish Torah. The book has a long and complex history, but its final form is probably due to a Priestly redaction (i.e., editing) of a Yahwistic source made some time in the early Persian period (5th century BCE). The name of the book comes from the two censuses taken of the Israelites.\nNumbers begins at Mount Sinai, where the Israelites have received their laws and covenant from God and God has taken up residence among them in the sanctuary. The task before them is to take possession of the Promised Land. The people are counted and preparations are made for resuming their march. The Israelites begin the journey, but they \"murmur\" at the hardships along the way, and about the authority of Moses and Aaron. For these acts, God destroys approximately 15,000 of them through various means. They arrive at the borders of Canaan and send spies into the land. Upon hearing the spies' fearful report concerning the conditions in Canaan, the Israelites refuse to take possession of it. God condemns them to death in the wilderness until a new generation can grow up and carry out the task. The book ends with the new generation of Israelites in the Plain of Moab ready for the crossing of the Jordan River.Numbers is the culmination of the story of Israel's exodus from oppression in Egypt and their journey to take possession of the land God promised their fathers. As such it draws to a conclusion the themes introduced in Genesis and played out in Exodus and Leviticus: God has promised the Israelites that they shall become a great (i.e. numerous) nation, that they will have a special relationship with Yahweh their god, and that they shall take possession of the land of Canaan. Numbers also demonstrates the importance of holiness, faithfulness and trust: despite God's presence and his priests, Israel lacks faith and the possession of the land is left to a new generation.", "Q900730": "Wo Weihan (Chinese: \u6c83\u7ef4\u6c49; pinyin: W\u00f2 W\u00e9ih\u00e0n; 1949 \u2013 November 28, 2008), a native of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, was a Chinese scientist and entrepreneur of Daur nationality. He was executed at the age of 58-59 on November 28, 2008, by firing squad, along with missile expert Guo Wanjun, 66, for passing sensitive information to a Taiwanese NGO. Weihan was interrogated for ten months in 2005 and allowed access to a lawyer in 2006. His trial was held in secrecy in 2007.", "Q370377": "Joseph Hillstr\u00f6m King (born June 4, 1972), better known by the pen name Joe Hill, is an American author and comic book writer. His work includes the novels Heart-Shaped Box (2007), Horns (2010), NOS4A2 (2013), and The Fireman (2016); the short story collections 20th Century Ghosts (2005) and Strange Weather (2017); and the comic book series Locke & Key (2008\u20132013). Locke & Key won British Fantasy Awards in 2009 and 2012, and an Eisner Award in 2011.\nKing is the son of authors Stephen and Tabitha King and the brother of Owen King.", "Q780501": "Lorenzo Ornaghi was the Italy's minister of culture in the Monti cabinet.", "Q117340": "Fran\u00e7ois Henri Goullet de Rugy (born 6 December 1973) is a French politician who served as President of the National Assembly (i.e., speaker) from 2017 to 2018, and Ecology Minister from 2018 to 2019.\nSince 2007 he has represented the Loire-Atlantique department, originally as a member of the Democratic and Republican Left, a parliamentary group that includes his former political party Europe Ecology \u2013 The Greens. In 2015 he joined the Ecologist Party and later La R\u00e9publique En Marche parliamentary group.\nHe resigned as a minister in July 2019 after allegations of excessive spending of public funds for private use.", "Q55823": "Janina Maria Ochojska-Oko\u0144ska (born 12 March 1955 in Gda\u0144sk) is a Polish Member of the European Parliament (2019\u2013present), an astronomer, humanitarian and social activist, and founder of the Polish Humanitarian Action.", "Q2622193": "Teodor Narbutt (Lithuanian: Teodoras Narbutas; 8 November 1784 \u2013 27 November 1864) was a Polish\u2013Lithuanian romantic historian and military engineer in service of the Russian Empire. He is best remembered as the author of a nine-volume Polish-language history of Lithuania from the early Middle Ages to the Union of Lublin.", "Q65738": "Gsteigwiler is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nGsteigwiler belongs to the Small Agglomeration Interlaken with 23,300 inhabitants (2014).", "Q467322": "Irom Chanu Sharmila (born 14 March 1972), also known as the \"Iron Lady\" or \"Mengoubi\" (\"the fair one\") is a civil rights activist, political activist, and poet from the Indian state of Manipur. On 5 November 2000, she began a hunger strike for the abolition of Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 that applies to the seven states and grants security forces the power to search properties without a warrant, and to arrest people, and to use deadly force if there is \"reasonable suspicion\" that a person is acting against the state. She ended the fast on 9 August 2016, after 16 years of fasting. Having refused food and water for more than 500 weeks, she has been called \"the world's longest hunger striker\". On International Women's Day, 2014 she was voted the top woman icon of India by MSN Poll.In 2014 two parties asked her to stand in the national election, but she declined. She was then denied the right to vote as a person confined in jail cannot vote according to law. On 19 August 2014 a court ordered her release from custody, subject to there being no other grounds for detention. She was re-arrested on 22 August 2014 on similar charges to those for which she was acquitted, and remanded in judicial custody for 15 days. Amnesty International has declared her as a prisoner of conscience.", "Q813980": "Beatrice C. \"Bee\" Palmer (11 September 1894 \u2013 22 December 1967) was an American singer and dancer born in Chicago, Illinois.\nPalmer first attracted significant attention as one of the first exponents of the \"shimmy\" dance in the late 1910s. She was sometimes credited as the creator of the \"shimmy\" (although there were other claimants at the time as well).\nShe first appeared in the Ziegfeld Follies in 1918.\nShe toured with an early jazz band, which included such notables as Emmett Hardy, Leon Ropollo and Santo Pecora in addition to pianist/songwriter Al Siegel (whom Palmer married). The band was called \"Bee Palmer's New Orleans Rhythm Kings\". With some personnel changes, the Rhythm Kings went on to even greater fame after parting ways with Palmer.\nIn 1921, an alleged affair with boxing champ Jack Dempsey created a scandal and a lawsuit.\nPalmer is credited as co-composer of the pop song standard \"Please Don't Talk About Me When I'm Gone\".\nShe made a few recordings which were not issued at the time (including a session with Frankie Trumbauer). Thanks to surviving test pressings/masters, the recordings were finally issued in the 1990s and 2000s.\n\n", "Q34211": "Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( ARR-\u0259-fat, also US: AR-\u0259-FAHT; Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u200e\u200e; 4 / 24 August 1929 \u2013 11 November 2004), popularly known as Yasser Arafat (Arabic: \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u200e, romanized: Y\u0101sir \u02bfAraf\u0101t) or by his kunya Abu Ammar (Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u200e, romanized: \u02beAb\u016b \u02bfAmm\u0101r), was a Palestinian political leader. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1969 to 2004 and President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) from 1994 to 2004. Ideologically an Arab nationalist, he was a founding member of the Fatah political party, which he led from 1959 until 2004.\nArafat was born to Palestinian parents in Cairo, Egypt, where he spent most of his youth and studied at the University of King Fuad I. While a student, he embraced Arab nationalist and anti-Zionist ideas. Opposed to the 1948 creation of the State of Israel, he fought alongside the Muslim Brotherhood during the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War. Returning to Cairo, he served as president of the General Union of Palestinian Students from 1952 to 1956. In the latter part of the 1950s he co-founded Fatah, a paramilitary organisation seeking the disestablishment of Israel and its replacement with a Palestinian state. Fatah operated within several Arab countries, from where it launched attacks on Israeli targets. In the latter part of the 1960s Arafat's profile grew; in 1967 he joined the PLO and in 1969 was elected chair of the Palestinian National Council (PNC). Fatah's growing presence in Jordan resulted in military clashes with King Hussein's Jordanian government and in the early 1970s it relocated to Lebanon. There, Fatah assisted the Lebanese National Movement during the Lebanese Civil War and continued its attacks on Israel, resulting in it becoming a major target of Israel's 1978 and 1982 invasions.\nFrom 1983 to 1993, Arafat based himself in Tunisia, and began to shift his approach from open conflict with the Israelis to negotiation. In 1988, he acknowledged Israel's right to exist and sought a two-state solution to the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict. In 1994 he returned to Palestine, settling in Gaza City and promoting self-governance for the Palestinian territories. He engaged in a series of negotiations with the Israeli government to end the conflict between it and the PLO. These included the Madrid Conference of 1991, the 1993 Oslo Accords and the 2000 Camp David Summit. In 1994 Arafat received the Nobel Peace Prize, together with Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres, for the negotiations at Oslo. At the time, Fatah's support among the Palestinians declined with the growth of Hamas and other militant rivals. In late 2004, after effectively being confined within his Ramallah compound for over two years by the Israeli army, Arafat fell into a coma and died. While the cause of Arafat's death has remained the subject of speculation, investigations by Russian and French teams determined no foul play was involved.Arafat remains a controversial figure. The majority of the Palestinian people view him as a heroic freedom fighter and martyr who symbolized the national aspirations of his people. Conversely, most Israelis came to regard him as an unrepentant terrorist, while Palestinian rivals, including Islamists and several PLO leftists, often denounced him for being corrupt or too submissive in his concessions to the Israeli government.", "Q4245071": "Sergey Yurievich Kuznetsov (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043e\u0432; born 14 June 1966) is a contemporary Russian writer, journalist and entrepreneur.\n\n", "Q2163380": "Rolf Fehlbaum (born April 6, 1941, Basel) is chairman emeritus and active member of the board of directors of Vitra, a family-owned furniture company with headquarters in Birsfelden, Switzerland.\n\n", "Q183253": "Edwin Oldfather Reischauer (October 15, 1910 \u2013 September 1, 1990) was an American educator and professor at Harvard University. Born in Tokyo to American educational missionaries, he became a leading scholar of the history and culture of Japan and East Asia. Together with George M. McCune, a Korean scholar, in 1939 he developed the McCune\u2013Reischauer romanization of the Korean language.\nReischauer became involved in helping create US policy toward East Asia during and after World War II. President John F. Kennedy appointed Reischauer as the United States Ambassador to Japan, where he served (1961\u20131966). Reischauer founded the Japan Institute at Harvard University in 1973 and was its founding director. It was later named for him.\n\n", "Q968498": "Gary Wayne Holt (born May 4, 1964) is an American guitarist from the San Francisco Bay Area. He is a guitarist, the bandleader, and the main songwriter for the American thrash metal band Exodus and was also a member of Slayer from 2011 to 2019, replacing their original guitarist Jeff Hanneman, following his death in May 2013.", "Q324726": "Malcolm James McCormick (January 19, 1992 \u2013 September 7, 2018), known professionally as Mac Miller, was an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. \nMiller began his career in the city's hip hop scene in 2007, at the age of fifteen. In 2010, he signed a record deal with Pittsburgh-based independent label Rostrum Records, with whom he had his breakthrough with the mixtapes K.I.D.S. (2010) and Best Day Ever (2011). Miller's debut studio album, Blue Slide Park (2011), became the first independently distributed debut album to top the US Billboard 200 since 1995. In 2013, he founded the record label imprint REMember Music. After his second studio album, Watching Movies with the Sound Off (2013), he left Rostrum and signed with the major label Warner Bros. Records in 2014. With them, he released four studio albums: GO:OD AM (2015), The Divine Feminine (2016), Swimming (2018), and the posthumous Circles (2020). For Swimming, he was posthumously nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap Album. He also served as a record producer for various artists, including himself, under the pseudonym Larry Fisherman.\nMiller struggled with substance abuse, which was often referenced in his lyrics. He died from an accidental drug overdose at his home on September 7, 2018, at the age of 26.", "Q125494": "Bread and Roses is a 2000 film directed by Ken Loach, starring Pilar Padilla, Adrien Brody and Elpidia Carrillo. The plot deals with the struggle of poorly paid janitorial workers in Los Angeles and their fight for better working conditions and the right to unionize. It is based on the \"Justice for Janitors\" campaign of the Service Employees International Union (SEIU).The film is critical of inequalities in the United States. Health insurance in particular is highlighted and it is also stated in the film that the pay of cleaners and other low paying jobs has declined in recent years.\nThe film's name, \"Bread and Roses\", derives from the 1912 textile strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts. Though the phrase comes from a 1911 poem by James Oppenheim (which was, in turn, based on a speech given by Rose Schneiderman), it is commonly associated with the Lawrence strike, which united dozens of immigrant communities, led to a large extent by women, under the leadership of the Industrial Workers of the World.", "Q1753548": "Luis Barrull Salazar (born 15 February 1948), better known as El Luis, is a Spanish singer in the styles. His brother Antonio, known as El Z\u00edngaro, is also a rumba singer.\n\n", "Q499956": "The Tories were members of two political parties which existed sequentially in the Kingdom of England, the Kingdom of Great Britain and later the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from the 17th to the early 19th centuries. The first Tories emerged in 1678 in England, when they opposed the Whig-supported Exclusion Bill which set out to disinherit the heir presumptive James, Duke of York, who eventually became James II of England and VII of Scotland. This party ceased to exist as an organised political entity in the early 1760s, although it was used as a term of self-description by some political writers. A few decades later, a new Tory party would rise to establish a hold on government between 1783 and 1830, with William Pitt the Younger followed by Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool.The Earl of Liverpool was succeeded by fellow Tory Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, whose term included the Catholic Emancipation, which occurred mostly due to the election of Daniel O'Connell as a Catholic MP from Ireland. When the Whigs subsequently regained control, the Representation of the People Act 1832 removed the rotten boroughs, many of which were controlled by Tories. In the following general election, the Tory ranks were reduced to 180 MPs. Under the leadership of Robert Peel, the Tamworth Manifesto was issued, which began to transform the Tories into the Conservative Party. However, Peel lost many of his supporters by repealing the Corn Laws, causing the party to break apart. One faction, led by Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby and Benjamin Disraeli, survived to become the modern Conservative Party, whose members are commonly still referred to as Tories as they still often follow and promote the ideology of Toryism.", "Q2620784": "Robert Michael \"Bob\" White (July 6, 1924 \u2013 March 17, 2010) (Maj Gen, USAF) was an American electrical engineer, test pilot, fighter pilot, and astronaut. He was one of twelve pilots who flew the North American X-15, an experimental spaceplane jointly operated by the Air Force and NASA. As an engineer, he supervised the design and development of several modern military aircraft.\nOn July 17, 1962, he flew the X-15 to an altitude above 50 miles, thereby qualifying as an astronaut according to the United States definition of the boundary of space.", "Q282693": "Tutte Lemkow (28 August 1918 \u2013 10 November 1991) was a Norwegian actor and dancer, who played mostly villainous roles in British television and films. His chief claims to mainstream familiarity were his roles as the fiddler in the film version of Fiddler on the Roof and the old man (\"Imam\") who translates the inscription on the headpiece of the Staff of Ra for Indiana Jones in Raiders of the Lost Ark.", "Q66231": "Alpthal is a village and municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. Besides the village of Alpthal, the municipality includes the ski resort of Brunni, and settlement of Eigen.\n\n", "Q454930": "Amaranthe ( AM-\u0259-ranth) is a Swedish heavy metal band, originally known as Avalanche. The band is notable for having three lead vocalists: Elize Ryd, Henrik Englund Wilhelmsson, and Nils Molin, each presenting a different vocal style.", "Q258389": "Summer in the City is the first full-length feature film by director Wim Wenders, released in 1970 and starring Hanns Zischler.\nWenders' first full-length film was produced as his graduation project at the Academy of Film and Television in Munich (\"Hochschule f\u00fcr Fernsehen und Film M\u00fcnchen\") which he attended from 1967 to 1970. Shot in 16 mm black and white by long-time Wenders collaborator Robby M\u00fcller, the movie exhibited many of Wenders' later trademark themes of aimless searching, running from invisible demons, and persistent wandering toward an indeterminate goal. In this case the journey is that of protagonist Hans (Zischler) after he is released from prison. Searching through seedy West German streets and bars, he finally winds up visiting an old friend in Berlin.\nAccording to Wenders, the title of the film relates to the song from the band The Lovin' Spoonful, which was also included in the film, although a painting by Edward Hopper may have influenced Wenders as well. Wenders, an admirer of both The Lovin' Spoonful and Hopper, has included references to them in several of his films.\n\n", "Q260616": "Arizona Dream is a 1993 French-American surrealist indie comedy drama film co-written and directed by Emir Kusturica and starring Johnny Depp, Jerry Lewis, Faye Dunaway, Lili Taylor and Vincent Gallo.", "Q1906150": "Charles Henry Alston (November 28, 1907 \u2013 April 27, 1977) was an American painter, sculptor, illustrator, muralist and teacher who lived and worked in the New York City neighborhood of Harlem. Alston was active in the Harlem Renaissance; Alston was the first African-American supervisor for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project. Alston designed and painted murals at the Harlem Hospital and the Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Building. In 1990 Alston's bust of Martin Luther King, Jr. became the first image of an African American displayed at the White House.\n\n", "Q50783": "The Australian Football League (AFL) is the pre-eminent and only fully professional men's competition of Australian rules football. Through the AFL Commission, the AFL also serves as the sport's governing body, and is responsible for controlling the laws of the game. Originally known as the Victorian Football League (VFL), it was founded in 1896 as a breakaway competition from the Victorian Football Association (VFA), with its inaugural season commencing the following year. The VFL, aiming to become a national competition, began expanding beyond Victoria to other Australian states in the 1980s, and changed its name to the AFL in 1990.\nThe league currently consists of 18 teams spread over five of Australia's six states (Tasmania being the exception). Matches have been played in all states and mainland territories of Australia, as well as in New Zealand and China to promote the sport abroad. The AFL season currently consists of a 23-round regular (or \"home-and-away\") season, which runs during the Australian winter (March to September). The team with the best record after the home-and-away series is awarded the \"minor premiership\". The top eight teams then play off in a four-round finals series, culminating in the AFL Grand Final, which is held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground each year. The grand final winner is termed the \"premiers\", and is awarded the premiership cup. The current premiers are Richmond.", "Q241800": "Aisha Naomi Tyler (born September 18, 1970) is an American actress, comedian, director and talk show host. She is known for playing Andrea Marino in the first season of Ghost Whisperer, Dr. Tara Lewis in Criminal Minds, Mother Nature in the Santa Clause films and voicing Lana Kane in Archer as well as recurring roles on CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Talk Soup and Friends. She is formerly the co-host of CBS's The Talk, where she won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Entertainment Talk Show Host and currently hosts Whose Line Is It Anyway?. She also hosted Ubisoft's E3 press conferences and has lent her voice to the video games Halo: Reach and Gears of War 3.", "Q312294": "Douglas Christopher Judge (born October 13, 1964) is an American actor best known for playing Teal'c in the Canadian-American military science fiction television series Stargate SG-1. Judge played Kratos in the 2018 video game God of War, replacing long-time voice actor Terrence C. Carson. He attended the University of Oregon on a football scholarship and was a Pacific-10 Conference player.", "Q841778": "Mahavishnu Orchestra was an American jazz fusion band formed in New York City in 1971, by the English guitarist John McLaughlin. The band underwent several line-up changes throughout its history across two stints from 1971 to 1976 and 1984 to 1987. With its first line-up consisting of musicians Billy Cobham, Jan Hammer, Jerry Goodman and Rick Laird, the band received its initial acclaims for its complex, intense music consisting of a blend of Indian classical music, jazz and psychedelic rock, and their dynamic live performances between 1971 and 1973.", "Q60640": "Victoria Diane \"Vicki\" Davis (born July 18, 1980) is an American actress who has made appearances in several TV shows and movies. One of her better-known roles is that of Mia in the comedy show, Maybe It's Me. Davis is also a voice actress best known for her role as the Pink Psycho Ranger in Power Rangers in Space and Power Rangers Lost Galaxy. Davis attended the University of Southern California and is fluent in Spanish.", "Q155173": "Mortimer Robinson Proctor (May 30, 1889 \u2013 April 28, 1968), known as Mortimer R. Proctor, was an American politician from Vermont. He served as the 61st Lieutenant Governor of Vermont from 1941 to 1945, and as the 66th Governor of Vermont from 1945 to 1947.", "Q78769": "Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche (19 September 1909 \u2013 27 March 1998), mainly known as Ferry Porsche, was an Austrian-German technical automobile designer and automaker-entrepreneur. He operated Porsche AG in Stuttgart, Germany. His father, Ferdinand Porsche, Sr. was also a renowned automobile engineer and founder of Volkswagen and Porsche. His nephew, Ferdinand Pi\u00ebch, was the longtime chairman of Volkswagen Group, and his son, Ferdinand Alexander Porsche, was involved in the design of the 911.\nFerry Porsche's life was intimately connected with that of his father, Ferdinand Porsche, Sr., who began sharing his knowledge of mechanical engineering already in his childhood. With his father he opened a bureau of automobile design, in Stuttgart in 1931.\nThey worked together to fulfill their country's National Socialist regime's needs and they met Adolf Hitler at many business events. [source?] The Volkswagen Beetle was designed by Ferdinand Porsche, Sr. and a team of engineers, including Ferry Porsche.\nAfter World War II, while his father remained imprisoned in France being accused of war crimes, Ferry Porsche ran their company. Aided by the postwar Volkswagen enterprise, he created the first cars that were uniquely associated with the company. Despite the political-economical adversities of the postwar years, the company manufactured automobiles and, eventually, became a world powerhouse for producing sports cars.[source?]", "Q2107174": "The Pozna\u0144 Society of Friends of Learning (Polish: Pozna\u0144skie Towarzystwo Przyjaci\u00f3\u0142 Nauk, PTPN) is a learned society in Pozna\u0144, Poland, established in 1857, of scholars and scientists in all branches of learning. It has been one of the largest and most important general learned organizations in Poland.\nWhen founded in the 19th century, the Pozna\u0144 Society was the chief Polish scientific and cultural organization in Prussian Poland, and until the creation of Krak\u00f3w's Academy of Learning (Akademia Umiej\u0119tno\u015bci) in 1871\u201373 it was the most important learned society in all the Polish lands. In addition to its learned activities, the Society collected and secured art works and Polish national mementos.\nIn 1919 the Pozna\u0144 Society initiated the founding of Pozna\u0144 University (Adam Mickiewicz University).", "Q60126": "Gottfried Feder (27 January 1883 \u2013 24 September 1941) was a German civil engineer, a self-taught economist and one of the early key members of the Nazi Party. He was their economic theoretician. It was one of his lectures, delivered in 1919, that drew Hitler into the party.", "Q133590": "John Adolphus Etzler (1791-1846?) was a German-born American technological utopianist. Along with civil engineer John A. Roebling, he emigrated to Pittsburgh in 1831.In 1833 he published his best-known work, a prospectus titled The Paradise within the Reach of all Men. It outlined detailed, visionary plans to harness the energy of wind, water and sun to benefit mankind.\nHe believed that contemporary technology was sufficient, if only slightly developed and astutely applied, to bring about an earthly paradise of effortless plenty within a matter of a few years. He occasionally was able to gain sufficient financial backing and supporters to make a go at turning this dream into reality. In particular, his hopes for a revolution in agriculture rested on the \"Satellite,\" a general-purpose cultivation tool that was to be propelled using ropes to transmit power from a stationary source that was powered in turn by wind. The device proved impractical, and his partly and poorly implemented plans to colonize the American tropics failed, with loss of life and bitter recriminations. Etzler's spirit was crushed, and he disappears from the records. Nevertheless, his vision of a world freed from labor through automated devices remains with us, and may yet find a more complete realization.", "Q85814": "Wilhelm Murr (16 December 1888 \u2013 14 May 1945) was a Nazi German politician. From 1928 until his death he was Gauleiter of W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern, and from early 1933 held the offices of State President and Reichsstatthalter (\"Reich Governor\") of W\u00fcrttemberg. During World War II he also rose to the rank of SS-Obergruppenf\u00fchrer in addition to his Party posts. At war's end he committed suicide with poison while in French custody.\n\n", "Q132856": "Armenia ( (listen); Armenian: \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576, romanized: Hayastan, IPA: [h\u0251j\u0251s\u02c8t\u0251n]; Russian: \u0410\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f; Armeniya), officially the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (Armenian SSR; Armenian: \u0540\u0561\u0575\u056f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u054d\u0578\u057e\u0565\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u054d\u0578\u0581\u056b\u0561\u056c\u056b\u057d\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0540\u0561\u0576\u0580\u0561\u057a\u0565\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576, romanized: Haykakan Sovetakan Soc'ialistakan Hanrapetut'yun; Russian: \u0410\u0440\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, romanized: Armyanskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also commonly referred to as Soviet Armenia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union in December 1922 located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. It was established in December 1920, when the Soviets took over control of the short-lived First Republic of Armenia and lasted until 1991. It is sometimes called the Second Republic of Armenia, following the First Republic of Armenia's demise.\nAs part of the Soviet Union, the Armenian SSR transformed from a largely agricultural hinterland to an important industrial production center, while its population almost quadrupled from around 880,000 in 1926 to 3.3 million in 1989 due to natural growth and large-scale influx of Armenian Genocide survivors and their descendants. On 23 August 1990, it was renamed the Republic of Armenia after its sovereignty was declared, but remained in the Soviet Union until its official proclamation of independence on 21 September 1991. Its independence was recognized on 26 December 1991 when the Soviet Union ceased to exist. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the state of the post-Soviet Republic of Armenia existed until the adoption of the new constitution in 1995.", "Q1470329": "The Victor Talking Machine Company was an American record company and phonograph manufacturer headquartered in Camden, New Jersey.\nThe company was founded by engineer Eldridge R. Johnson, who had previously made gramophones to play Emile Berliner's disc records. After a series of legal wranglings between Berliner, Johnson and their former business partners, the two joined to form the Consolidated Talking Machine Co. in order to combine the patents for the record with Johnson's patents improving its fidelity. Victor Talking Machine Co. was incorporated officially on October 3, 1901 shortly before agreeing to allow Columbia Records use of its disc record patent.", "Q230747": "Jacqueline Boyer (born Eliane Ducos, 23 April 1941) is a French singer and actress. She is also the daughter of performers Jacques Pills and Lucienne Boyer.\nIn 1960, she won the Eurovision Song Contest for France singing \"Tom Pillibi\", with music composed by Andr\u00e9 Popp and lyrics by Pierre Cour. The resulting single reached #33 in the UK Singles Chart in May 1960. At 18 years and 341 days of age at the time of her victory, Boyer was the first teenager to win the contest and the youngest until 1964.", "Q1684562": "Jazz violin is the use of the violin or electric violin to improvise solo lines. Early jazz violinists included Eddie South, who played violin with Jimmy Wade's Dixielanders in Chicago; Stuff Smith; Claude \"Fiddler\" Williams, who played with Andy Kirk and his Twelve Clouds of Joy. Joe Venuti was best known for his work with guitarist Eddie Lang during the 1920s. Georgie Stoll was a jazz violinist who became an orchestra leader and film music director.\nImprovising violinists include St\u00e9phane Grappelli, Noel Pointer, Jean-Luc Ponty. While not primarily jazz violinists, Darol Anger and Mark O'Connor have spent significant parts of their careers playing jazz, while Sara Caswell, Scott Tixier, and Jeremy Kittel are equally fluent in both progressive and traditional styles of jazz. Violins appear in string ensembles or big bands supplying orchestral backgrounds to many jazz recordings.\nThe violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings usually tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest and highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which also includes the viola, cello, and double bass. A violinist produces sound by either drawing a bow (normally held in the right hand) across one or more strings (which may be stopped by the fingers of the other hand to produce a full range of pitches), plucking the strings (with either hand), or a variety of other techniques. In jazz fusion, violinists may use an electric violin plugged into an instrument amplifier with electronic effects.", "Q57952": "Manfred Rommel (24 December 1928 \u2013 7 November 2013) was a German politician belonging to the Christian Democratic Union, who served as Mayor of Stuttgart from 1974 until 1996. Rommel's policies were described as tolerant and liberal, and he was one of the most popular municipal politicians in Germany. He was the recipient of numerous foreign honours. He was the only son of Wehrmacht field marshal Erwin Rommel and his wife Lucia Maria Mollin (1894\u20131971), and contributed to the establishment of museums in his father's honour. He was also known for his friendship with George Patton IV and David Montgomery, the sons of his father's two principal military adversaries.", "Q11907": "Mark Oliver Everett (born April 10, 1963) is the American lead singer, songwriter, guitarist, keyboardist and sometime drummer of the rock band Eels. Also known as \"E\", he is known for writing songs tackling subjects such as death, loneliness, divorce, childhood innocence, depression, and unrequited love.", "Q20502": "House is a genre of electronic dance music characterized by a repetitive four on the floor beat and a tempo of 120 to 130 beats per minute. It was created by DJs and music producers from Chicago's underground club culture in the 1980s, as DJs from the subculture began altering disco dance tracks to give them a more mechanical beat and deeper basslines.The genre was pioneered by DJs and producers mainly from Chicago and New York such as Frankie Knuckles, Larry Levan, Ron Hardy, Jesse Saunders, Chip E., Steve \"Silk\" Hurley, Farley \"Jackmaster\" Funk, Mr. Fingers, Marshall Jefferson, Phuture, and many others. Its origins derive from within the Black American LGBT communities but has since spread to the mainstream. From its beginnings in the Chicago club and local radio scene, the genre expanded internationally to London, then to other American cities such as New York City and Detroit, and has become a worldwide phenomenon ever since. It has spawned numerous subgenres, such as acid house, deep house, hip house, ghetto house, progressive house, tech house, electro house, and many more.\nHouse has had and still has a huge impact on pop music in general and dance music in particular. It was picked up by major pop artists like Janet Jackson, Madonna, and Kylie Minogue, but also produced some mainstream hits on its own, such as \"French Kiss\" by Lil Louis (1989), \"Show Me Love\" by Robin S. (1992), or \"Push the Feeling On\" by Nightcrawlers (1992/1995). Many house producers also did and do remixes for pop artists. Until today, house music remained popular on radio and in clubs while retaining a foothold on the underground scenes across the globe.", "Q66557": "Oberuzwil is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q851": "Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is a country in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. With a land area of approximately 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), Saudi Arabia is geographically the largest sovereign state in Western Asia, the second-largest in the Arab world (after Algeria), the fifth-largest in Asia, and the 12th-largest in the world. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south; it is separated from Egypt and Israel by the Gulf of Aqaba. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland and mountains. As of October 2018, the Saudi economy was the largest in the Middle East and the 18th largest in the world. Saudi Arabia also has one of the world's youngest populations: 50 percent of its 33.4 million people are under 25 years old.The territory that now constitutes Saudi Arabia was the site of several ancient cultures and civilizations. The prehistory of Saudi Arabia shows some of the earliest traces of human activity in the world. The world's second-largest religion, Islam, emerged in modern-day Saudi Arabia. In the early 7th century, the Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of Arabia and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in the West to modern-day Pakistan in the East) in a matter of decades.\nArab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632\u2013661), Umayyad (661\u2013750), Abbasid (750\u20131517) and Fatimid (909\u20131171) caliphates as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia, Africa and Europe.The area of modern-day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of mainly four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been a totalitarian absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamist lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called \"the predominant feature of Saudi culture\", with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called \"the Land of the Two Holy Mosques\" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca) and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. The state's official language is Arabic.\nPetroleum was discovered on 3 March 1938 and followed up by several other finds in the Eastern Province. Saudi Arabia has since become the world's second largest oil producer (behind the US) and the world's largest oil exporter, controlling the world's second largest oil reserves and the sixth largest gas reserves. The kingdom is categorized as a World Bank high-income economy with a high Human Development Index and is the only Arab country to be part of the G-20 major economies.The state has attracted criticism for a variety of reasons including: its treatment of women, its excessive and often extrajudicial use of capital punishment, state-sponsored discrimination against religious minorities and atheists, its role in the Yemeni Civil War, sponsorship of Islamic terrorism, its failure to take adequate measures against human trafficking, state-sanctioned racism and antisemitism, its poor human rights record, and its strict interpretation of Sharia law.The kingdom has the world's third-highest military expenditure and, according to SIPRI, was the world's second largest arms importer from 2010 to 2014. Saudi Arabia is considered a regional and middle power. In addition to the GCC, it is an active member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and OPEC.", "Q200684": "Dignity Health Sports Park, formerly Home Depot Center and StubHub Center, is a multiple-use sports complex located on the campus of California State University, Dominguez Hills in Carson, California, that consists of the 27,000-seat Dignity Health Sports Park Soccer Stadium, the Dignity Health Sports Park Tennis Stadium, a track and field facility and a velodrome: VELO Sports Center. It is approximately 14 miles (23 km) south of downtown Los Angeles and its primary tenant is the LA Galaxy of Major League Soccer (MLS). The stadium is also home to the Los Angeles Wildcats of the XFL, and LA Galaxy II of USL Championship. \nOpened in 2003, the $150 million complex was developed and is operated by the Anschutz Entertainment Group. With a seating capacity of 27,000, it is the largest soccer-specific stadium in the U.S. and the second-largest among its kind in MLS, after Toronto FC's BMO Field in Ontario, Canada. In addition to hosting LA Galaxy games since its opening, the stadium also served as the home of the now-defunct Chivas USA MLS team from 2005 to 2014.\nThe stadium was the temporary home of the Los Angeles Chargers from 2017 to 2019. It was the smallest NFL stadium over the course of those three seasons. While the Chargers played in the stadium, the facility was named ROKiT Field at StubHub Center; ROKiT's naming rights to the football field are part of a \"multi-year\" agreement.During its first decade, the stadium's sponsor was hardware retailer The Home Depot. In 2013, the title sponsor became the online ticket marketplace StubHub. In 2019, the name sponsor became healthcare provider Dignity Health.", "Q752321": "Magical girl (Japanese: \u9b54\u6cd5 \u5c11\u5973, Hepburn: mah\u014d sh\u014djo) is a subgenre of Japanese fantasy light novels, manga, anime, and video games which features girls who use magic or possess magical powers. Magical girls transform to unlock their powers and are often accompanied by an animal mascot, using wands or scepters as a weapon to fight monsters and the forces of evil. Notable examples include Sally the Witch and Cardcaptor Sakura.", "Q573343": "Anthony Higgins (born 9 May 1947) is an English stage, film and television actor.", "Q183535": "Veniamin Borisovich Smekhov (Russian: \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0301\u043d \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043c\u0435\u0301\u0445\u043e\u0432; born August 10, 1940 in Moscow) is a Soviet and Russian actor of stage and screen, and a director of the stage, television and documentary film. He was the winner of the Petropol Award (2000) as well as the Tsarskoselsky Artistic Prize (2009). He refused the title of People's Artist of Russia, which was offered to him on his 70th birthday.Smekhov has long worked in the Moscow Taganka Theatre where his roles included Woland in a stage adaptation of Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita. His portrayal of the main antagonist of the story is considered to be the best of any adaption of the novel. In film, he is best known and loved for the role of Athos in a Russian version of The Three Musketeers (1978) and its sequels (1992, 1993). He also has written children's poetry, scripts, memoirs and comedic materials.", "Q109618": "Eberhard Riedel (born 14 February 1938) is a German former alpine skier who competed in the 1960 Winter Olympics, the 1964 Winter Olympics, and the 1968 Winter Olympics. He was born in Lauter, Saxony, Germany.\n\n", "Q656635": "Affoltern District (also known as Knonaueramt or S\u00e4uliamt) is one of the twelve districts of the German-speaking canton of Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland. Its capital is the city of Affoltern am Albis.", "Q2924879": "Brian McGuire Cashman (born July 3, 1967) is an American baseball executive for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball. He has served as the General Manager and Senior Vice President of the Yankees since 1998. During Cashman's tenure as general manager, the Yankees have won six American League pennants and four World Series championships.\nCashman began working with the Yankees organization in 1986 as an intern while still in college. He was named assistant general manager in 1992, helping to run the team while owner George Steinbrenner was suspended from baseball. He succeeded Bob Watson as the team's general manager in 1998.", "Q382687": "Moonlight Mile is a 2002 American romantic drama film written and directed by Brad Silberling. This film was loosely inspired by writer/director Brad Silberling's own experience. He was dating actress Rebecca Schaeffer at the time she was killed by an obsessed fan in 1989.\nThe film takes its name from the Rolling Stones song of the same name. The film's original title was Baby's in Black, and then later changed to Goodbye Hello, and then the current title. The film is set in 1973 and music from that era is heavily featured, including that of the Rolling Stones, Van Morrison, Bob Dylan, and Elton John.", "Q62731": "Friedrich Hossbach (22 November 1894 \u2013 10 September 1980) was a German staff officer in the Wehrmacht who in 1937 was the military adjutant to Adolf Hitler. Hossbach created the document which later became known as the Hossbach Memorandum.", "Q43927": "Andr\u00e9-Joseph L\u00e9onard ((1940-05-06)6 May 1940) is a Belgian prelate who served as the Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels and Primate of Belgium after his installation on 27 February 2010. He had previously served as Bishop of Namur from 1991 until 2010 under the name Andr\u00e9-Mutien L\u00e9onard. Pope Francis accepted his resignation on 1 June 2015.", "Q1399": "Niccol\u00f2 di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (, also US: ; Italian: [nikko\u02c8l\u0254 mmakja\u02c8v\u025blli]; 3 May 1469 \u2013 21 June 1527) was an Italian Renaissance diplomat, philosopher and writer, best known for The Prince (Il Principe), written in 1513. He has often been called the father of modern political philosophy or political science.For many years he served as a senior official in the Florentine Republic with responsibilities in diplomatic and military affairs. He wrote comedies, carnival songs, and poetry. His personal correspondence is of high importance to historians and scholars. He worked as secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence from 1498 to 1512, when the Medici were out of power. \nMachiavelli's name came to evoke unscrupulous politicians of the sort Machiavelli advised most famously in The Prince. Machiavelli proposed that immoral behavior, such as the use of deceit and the murder of innocents, was normal and effective in politics. He also notably encouraged politicians to engage in evil when it would be necessary for political expediency. The book gained notoriety due to claims that it teaches \"evil recommendations to tyrants to help them maintain their power\".The term Machiavellian often connotes political deceit, deviousness, and realpolitik. Even though Machiavelli has become most famous for his work on principalities, scholars also give attention to the exhortations in his other works of political philosophy. While much less well known than The Prince, the Discourses on Livy (composed c.\u20091517) is often said to have paved the way of modern republicanism.", "Q116738": "Hans Ulrich Obrist (born 1968) is a Swiss art curator, critic and historian of art. He is artistic director at the Serpentine Galleries, London. Obrist is the author of The Interview Project, an extensive ongoing project of interviews. He is also co-editor of the Cahiers d'Art review.\n\n", "Q845278": "Sj\u00far\u00f0ur Skaale (born 8 March 1967 in T\u00f3rshavn) is a Faroese politician (JF), journalist, actor, singer, and comedian.", "Q118715": "Karl A. Lamers (born 12 February 1951 in Duisburg) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), currently serving as Deputy Chairman of the Defence Committee of the German Parliament. From 2010 to 2012 he was the President of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.", "Q959123": "Charles Franklin Kettering (August 29, 1876 \u2013 November 25, 1958) sometimes known as Charles \"Boss\" Kettering was an American inventor, engineer, businessman, and the holder of 186 patents. He was a founder of Delco, and was head of research at General Motors from 1920 to 1947. Among his most widely used automotive developments were the electrical starting motor and leaded gasoline. In association with the DuPont Chemical Company, he was also responsible for the invention of Freon refrigerant for refrigeration and air conditioning systems. At DuPont he also was responsible for the development of Duco lacquers and enamels, the first practical colored paints for mass-produced automobiles. While working with the Dayton-Wright Company he developed the \"Bug\" aerial torpedo, considered the world's first aerial missile. He led the advancement of practical, lightweight two-stroke diesel engines, revolutionizing the locomotive and heavy equipment industries. In 1927, he founded the Kettering Foundation, a non-partisan research foundation. He was featured on the cover of Time magazine on January 9, 1933.", "Q14924303": "Forza Italia (translated to \"Forward Italy\" or \"Let's Go Italy\", known also by its acronym FI) is a centre-right political party in Italy whose ideology includes elements of liberal conservatism, Christian democracy, and liberalism. Its leader is Silvio Berlusconi, former Prime Minister of Italy (1994\u20131995, 2001\u20132006, 2008\u20132011).\nThe party, formed out of the former People of Freedom (PdL), is a revival of the defunct Forza Italia (FI), active from 1994 to 2009, when it was merged with National Alliance (AN) and several minor parties to form the PdL. Forza Italia's leading members include Antonio Tajani (President of the European Parliament), Elisabetta Casellati (President of the Senate), Donato Toma (President of Molise), Mara Carfagna, Renato Brunetta, Paolo Romani, Mariastella Gelmini, Anna Maria Bernini, Maurizio Gasparri, Renato Schifani and Stefania Prestigiacomo.\nOn 11 September 2014 FI was admitted into the European People's Party (EPP), inheriting the PdL's membership.FI is a much smaller party than the original FI and the early PdL, due to the splits of Future and Freedom (2010), the Brothers of Italy (2012), the New Centre-Right (2013), the Conservative and Reformists (2015) and the Liberal Popular Alliance (2015). In the 2018 general election FI was overtaken by Lega Nord as the largest party of the centre-right coalition.", "Q185144": "Europe is a Swedish rock band formed in Upplands V\u00e4sby in 1979, by vocalist Joey Tempest, guitarist John Norum, bassist Peter Olsson, and drummer Tony Reno. They got a major breakthrough in Sweden in 1982 by winning the televised competition \"Rock-SM\" (Swedish Rock Championships): it was the first time this competition was held, and Europe became a larger success than the competition itself.\nSince their formation, Europe has released eleven studio albums, three live albums, three compilations and twenty-four music videos.\nEurope rose to international fame in the 1980s with their third album, 1986's The Final Countdown, which has sold over 3 million copies in the United States and 15 million copies worldwide (including album and single). Europe have sold over 25 million records worldwide. The band has had two top 20 albums on the Billboard 200 chart (The Final Countdown and Out of This World) and three top 30 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (\"The Final Countdown\", \"Rock the Night\" and \"Carrie\" which is their highest and hit 3 on the Billboard Hot 100).Europe went on hiatus in 1992, reunited temporarily for a one-off performance in Stockholm on New Year's Eve 1999 and announced an official reunion in 2003. Since then the band has released six albums, Start from the Dark (2004), Secret Society (2006), Last Look at Eden (2009), Bag of Bones (2012), War of Kings (2015) and Walk the Earth (2017).\nEurope has achieved new attention in the US due to being featured in a GEICO Insurance cable television commercial campaign viewed for many months across the US in 2015\u201316.\nThe band is mainly influenced by Whitesnake, Deep Purple, Rainbow, Led Zeppelin, Thin Lizzy, UFO and Michael Schenker Group.", "Q336444": "Conrad Moffat Black, Baron Black of Crossharbour, KCSG (born August 25, 1944), is a Canadian-born British former newspaper publisher, author, and convicted felon. Black controlled Hollinger International, once the world's third-largest English-language newspaper empire, which published The Daily Telegraph (UK), Chicago Sun-Times (U.S.), The Jerusalem Post (Israel), National Post (Canada), and hundreds of community newspapers in North America, before controversy erupted over the sale of some of the company's assets.\nIn 2007, he was convicted on four counts of fraud in U.S. District Court in Chicago. While two of the criminal fraud charges were dropped on appeal, a conviction for felony fraud and obstruction of justice were upheld in 2010 and he was re-sentenced to 42 months in prison and a fine of $125,000. In 2019, President Donald Trump granted him a full pardon.\n\n", "Q329564": "Sumurun (a.k.a. One Arabian Night) is a 1920 German silent film directed by Ernst Lubitsch based on a pantomime by Friedrich Freksa.", "Q3293490": "Mario L\u00f3pez Valdez (born January 18, 1957 in Cubiri de la Loma, Sinaloa), popularly known as Malova, is a Mexican businessman and politician, a member of the National Action Party. He was a senator of the state of Sinaloa from 2006 to 2010 and municipal president of Ahome Municipality from 2002 to 2004. He was the Governor of Sinaloa, from 2011 to 2016.", "Q107635": "Paektu Mountain, also known as Baekdu Mountain, and in China as Changbai Mountain (traditional Chinese: \u9577\u767d\u5c71; simplified Chinese: \u957f\u767d\u5c71 Zh\u01cengb\u00e1ish\u0101n, Korean: \ubc31\ub450\uc0b0 Paektusan), is an active stratovolcano on the Chinese\u2013North Korean border. At 2,744 m (9,003 ft), it is the highest mountain of the Changbai and Baekdudaegan ranges. Koreans assign a mythical quality to the volcano and its caldera lake, considering it to be their country's spiritual home. It is the highest mountain in North Korea, the Korean Peninsula, and Northeast China.A large crater lake, called Heaven Lake, is in the caldera atop the mountain. The caldera was formed by the VEI 7 \"Millennium\" or \"Tianchi\" eruption of 946, which erupted about 100\u2013120 km3 (24\u201329 cu mi) of tephra. This was one of the largest and most violent eruptions in the last 5,000 years (alongside the Minoan eruption, the Hatepe eruption of Lake Taupo in around AD 180, the 1257 eruption of Mount Samalas near Mount Rinjani, and the 1815 eruption of Tambora).\nThe mountain plays an important mythological and cultural role in the societies and civil religions of both contemporary Korean states, for instance, it is mentioned in both of their national anthems and is depicted on the national emblem of North Korea.", "Q3091203": "Ry\u014dichi Sasakawa (\u7b39\u5ddd \u826f\u4e00, Sasakawa Ry\u014dichi, May 4, 1899 \u2013 July 18, 1995) was a Japanese businessman, politician, and philanthropist. He was born in Minoh, Osaka. In the 1930s and during the Second World War he was active both in finance and in politics, actively supporting the Japanese war effort including raising his own paramilitary units. He was elected to the Japanese parliament during the war. After Japan's defeat he was imprisoned for a time, accused of war crimes, and then found financial success in various business ventures including motorboat racing and ship building. He supported anticommunist activities, including the World Anti-Communist League. In 1951 he helped found the Nippon Foundation and became its first president. The foundation has done charitable work around the world, for which it and Sasakawa have received many official honors.", "Q77472": "Cornelius Becker (1561\u20131604) was an Orthodox Lutheran pastor in Leipzig. He prepared the Becker Psalter, some of which Heinrich Sch\u00fctz set to music. Bach used his version of Psalm 23 for his cantata Du Hirte Israel, h\u00f6re, BWV 104.", "Q1319846": "Raoul Maximiano Trujillo de Chauvelon (born May 8, 1955) is an American actor, dancer, choreographer, and theatre director. A former soloist with the Nikolais Dance Theatre, he is the original choreographer and co-director for the American Indian Dance Theatre. Trujillo's career spans more than 30 years in film, television, and theatre, as well as hosting a series of dancing programs. He is a Critics' Choice Award nominee.\nTrujillo is best known for playing Zero Wolf, a ruthless Mayan slave catcher and the main antagonist of Mel Gibson's Apocalypto (2006), and for playing the Iroquois chief Kiotseaton in the film Black Robe. He has appeared in numerous high-profile and acclaimed films, including The New World, Cowboys and Aliens, Riddick, Blood Father, Sicario, and its sequel Sicario: Day of the Soldado. He also starred in dozens of television programs in both supporting and starring roles, including True Blood, Lost Girl, Da Vinci's Demons, Salem, The Blacklist, and Jamestown. He currently stars on Mayans M.C. as Che \"Taza\" Romero.", "Q69894": "Bodo von Borries (born 22 May 1905 in Herford, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany \u2014 died 17 July 1956 in Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia) was a German physicist. He was the co-inventor of the electron microscope.\nVon Borries studied electrical engineering at the Technical University of Danzig, and at Berlin Institute of Technology, where he was awarded a PhD in 1932. \nVon Borries worked at RWE from 1934 to 1937. In 1937 he commenced work on electron microscopy with Ernst Ruska at Siemens & Halske AG in Berlin. In 1937 von Borries 1937 married Hedwig Ruska, Ernst Ruska's sister.\nAfter World War II , he founded the \"Rhine-Westphalia Institute for Electron Microscopy\" in D\u00fcsseldorf in 1948. In 1949, he was involved in the foundation of the German Society for Electron Microscopy.\nIn 1953 he became a full professor at the Technical University of Aachen and established its Department of Electron Optics and Precision Engineering, where he worked until his sudden death in 1956.", "Q78741": "Baron Max Wladimir von Beck (6 September 1854, Vienna \u2013 20 January 1943, Vienna) was an Austrian statesman.\nBaron Max Wladimir von Beck was recently selected as the main motif of an Austrian collectors' coin, the 100 Years of Universal Male Suffrage commemorative coin, minted on January 10, 2007. The coin design is based on a historic photo of the opening session of Parliament in 1907, right after the elections. The two oval portraits in the foreground are of the Emperor Franz Joseph and the Baron, who were responsible for putting the reform through.", "Q5305740": "Drama Studio London (DSL), based in Ealing, London, United Kingdom, is an accredited drama school and member of Federation of Drama Schools (FDS) in the United Kingdom for Accredited Classical Drama Training.", "Q1853623": "Touch and Go Records is an American independent record label based in Chicago. After its genesis as a handmade fanzine in 1979, it grew into one of the key record labels in the American 1980s underground and alternative rock scenes. Touch & Go carved out a reputation for releasing adventurous noise rock by the likes of Big Black, the Butthole Surfers, and The Jesus Lizard. Touch & Go helped to spearhead the nationwide network of underground bands that formed the pre-Nirvana indie rock scene. Touch and Go helped preside over the shift from the hardcore punk that then dominated the American underground scene to the more diverse styles of alternative rock emerging at the time.", "Q323707": "Henri Cernuschi (Enrico Cernuschi in Italian) (19 February 1821 \u2013 11 May 1896), was a major French banker, economist and Asian art collector, who began in public life as an Italian politician in 1848\u20131850.", "Q38365": "The Long Duel is a 1967 British adventure film directed by Ken Annakin and starring Yul Brynner, Trevor Howard, Charlotte Rampling and Harry Andrews. It is set in British-ruled India of the 1920s but was filmed in Spain.", "Q707446": "Richard Lewis Springthorpe (born 23 August 1949), known professionally as Rick Springfield, is an Australian musician and actor. He was a member of the pop rock group Zoot from 1969 to 1971, then started his solo career with his debut single \"Speak to the Sky\" reaching the top 10 in Australia in mid-1972, when he moved to the United States. He had a No. 1 hit with \"Jessie's Girl\" in 1981 in both Australia and the U.S., for which he received the Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance. He followed with four more top 10 U.S. hits, \"I've Done Everything for You\", \"Don't Talk to Strangers\", \"Affair of the Heart\" and \"Love Somebody\". Springfield's two U.S. top 10 albums are Working Class Dog (1981) and Success Hasn't Spoiled Me Yet (1982).\nAs an actor, he starred in the television series High Tide, from 1994 to 1997, and has appeared in supporting roles in Ricki and the Flash and True Detective (both in 2015). He portrayed Dr. Noah Drake on the daytime drama General Hospital, from 1981 to 1983 and during 2005 to 2008 and 2012, returning in 2013 for the show's 50th anniversary with son and actor Liam Springthorpe. He played a depraved version of himself in Californication (2009). In 2010, Springfield published his autobiography, Late, Late at Night: A Memoir. In 2016 he starred as Vince Vincente/Lucifer in season 12 of The CW series Supernatural. In 2017, he starred as Pastor Charles in the American Horror Story episode entitled \"Winter of Our Discontent\".", "Q526424": "Francisco Canaro (November 26, 1888 \u2013 December 14, 1964) was a Uruguayan violinist and tango orchestra leader.\nCanaro was born in San Jos\u00e9 de Mayo, Uruguay, in 1888. His parents were Italian immigrants, and later, when he was less than 10 years old, they emigrated to Buenos Aires, Argentina in the late nineteenth century. As a young man he found work in a factory, where an empty oil can, in his skilled hands, became his first violin. Performing in seedy bars initially, he ultimately forged a career that spanned many decades, and his orchestra was one of the most recorded. His introduction to the tango came by orquesta t\u00edpica leader Vicente Greco in 1908, and in 1912 he composed \"Pinta brava\" (\"Fierce Look\"). Canaro composed the music for the 1915 Argentine classic film Nobleza gaucha. He later was romantically attached to Argentine actress and tango vocalist Ada Falc\u00f3n, but the relationship, which began in the early 1920s, grew apart a decade later. \n\nIn 1920 Canaro discovered Azucena Maizani, who rapidly developed into a major tango star.Canaro was active in the cause of intellectual property rights from 1918 onwards, and was instrumental in the establishment of the Argentine Society of Composers and Songwriters (SADAIC), in 1935, purchasing the downtown Buenos Aires lot where its headquarters were built. He performed in Paris with his orchestra in 1925, and a success among local audiences, he remained in Europe for a decade. Becoming a naturalized Argentine citizen in 1940, much of his recorded music is in the classic salon style of that decade, but he is also considered a member of the old guard, and some of his later recordings contributed to the transition to concert tango.\nCanaro's orchestra became a fixture on Argentine radio during the 1940s and early 1950s, though for many contemporary dancers and listeners, his early golden age recordings remained the best in their genre. Canaro authored his memoirs, Mis 50 a\u00f1os con el tango (My Fifty Years with the Tango) in 1956, but later developed Paget's disease, and was forced to retire. He died in Buenos Aires in 1964.", "Q115219": "Hans Louis Ferdinand von L\u00f6wenstein zu L\u00f6wenstein (born 9 January 1874 in Hanover \u2013 died 14 February 1959 in Z\u00fcrich) was a German mining official, politician and Reichstag delegate.", "Q78999": "Leopold Gratz CGIH (4 November 1929, Vienna \u2013 2 March 2006, Vienna) was an Austrian politician.\nBorn in Vienna, Gratz was a law graduate and a member of the Austrian Social Democratic Party (SP\u00d6). From 1963 to 1966 he was a member of the Bundesrat, from 1970 to 1971 Federal Minister of Education and the Arts. From 1966 to 1973 he served as a member of The National Council of Austria and from 1986 to 1989 also as the First President of The National Council of Austria, from 1971 to 1973 as the leader of the Socialist group in the Parliament of Austria.\nFrom 1973 to 1984 he was Mayor of Vienna and head of Vienna's municipal government. In 1976, he became chairman of the Vienna chapter of the Austrian Social Democratic Party. From 1984 to 1986 he was the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and from 1986 to 1989 he was the First President of the Nationalrat. His term of office as Mayor of Vienna was overshadowed by the \"Bauring\" affair and the scandal around the construction of the Vienna General Hospital. He decided to resign from the government in 1989 following another scandal, the Udo Proksch affair. Burdening his authority as the second highest politician of the Republic of Austria, Gratz well-meaningly had tried to protect his close friend Udo Proksch, who later was convicted of the murder of six seamen and received a life sentence, from criminal prosecution. After Gratz has decided to abandon politics, he remained a member of the party executive committee of the SP\u00d6 Vienna as well as president of the International Conference on Kampuchea (ICK) by request of the United Nations Organization (UNO).\nIn 1979, Leopold Gratz was named a Knight of the Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Silvester by Pope John Paul II. In 1995, Leopold Gratz was officially made an Honorary Citizen of Vienna, the capital of the Republic of Austria. In 2010, a square behind the Austrian parliament in downtown Vienna was named after Leopold Gratz (Leopold-Gratz-Square).", "Q717655": "Arwa Damon is an American journalist who is a senior international correspondent for CNN, based in Istanbul. From 2003, she covered the Middle East as a freelance journalist, before joining CNN in 2006. She is also president and founder of INARA, a humanitarian organization that provides medical treatment to refugee children from Syria.", "Q271055": "Emily Rose (born February 2, 1981) is an American actress. She is best known for her role in the critically acclaimed Uncharted video game series as Elena Fisher and for her lead role as Audrey Parker in the Syfy series Haven (2010\u20132015).\n\n", "Q2865819": "Opera is a form of theatre in which music has a leading role and the parts are taken by singers, but is distinct from musical theater. Such a \"work\" (the literal translation of the Italian word \"opera\") is typically a collaboration between a composer and a librettist and incorporates a number of the performing arts, such as acting, scenery, costume, and sometimes dance or ballet. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble, which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor.\nOpera is a key part of the Western classical music tradition. Originally understood as an entirely sung piece, in contrast to a play with songs, opera has come to include numerous genres, including some that include spoken dialogue such as musical theater, Singspiel and Op\u00e9ra comique. In traditional number opera, singers employ two styles of singing: recitative, a speech-inflected style, and self-contained arias. The 19th century saw the rise of the continuous music drama.\nOpera originated in Italy at the end of the 16th century (with Jacopo Peri's mostly lost Dafne, produced in Florence in 1598) and soon spread through the rest of Europe: Heinrich Sch\u00fctz in Germany, Jean-Baptiste Lully in France, and Henry Purcell in England all helped to establish their national traditions in the 17th century. In the 18th century, Italian opera continued to dominate most of Europe (except France), attracting foreign composers such as George Frideric Handel. Opera seria was the most prestigious form of Italian opera, until Christoph Willibald Gluck reacted against its artificiality with his \"reform\" operas in the 1760s. The most renowned figure of late 18th-century opera is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who began with opera seria but is most famous for his Italian comic operas, especially The Marriage of Figaro (Le nozze di Figaro), Don Giovanni, and Cos\u00ec fan tutte, as well as Die Entf\u00fchrung aus dem Serail (The Abduction from the Seraglio), and The Magic Flute (Die Zauberfl\u00f6te), landmarks in the German tradition.\nThe first third of the 19th century saw the high point of the bel canto style, with Gioachino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti and Vincenzo Bellini all creating works that are still performed. It also saw the advent of Grand Opera typified by the works of Auber and Meyerbeer. The mid-to-late 19th century was a golden age of opera, led and dominated by Giuseppe Verdi in Italy and Richard Wagner in Germany. The popularity of opera continued through the verismo era in Italy and contemporary French opera through to Giacomo Puccini and Richard Strauss in the early 20th century. During the 19th century, parallel operatic traditions emerged in central and eastern Europe, particularly in Russia and Bohemia. The 20th century saw many experiments with modern styles, such as atonality and serialism (Arnold Schoenberg and Alban Berg), Neoclassicism (Igor Stravinsky), and Minimalism (Philip Glass and John Adams). With the rise of recording technology, singers such as Enrico Caruso and Maria Callas became known to much wider audiences that went beyond the circle of opera fans. Since the invention of radio and television, operas were also performed on (and written for) these media. Beginning in 2006, a number of major opera houses began to present live high-definition video transmissions of their performances in cinemas all over the world. Since 2009, complete performances can be downloaded and are live streamed.", "Q324068": "Marek Va\u0161ut (born May 5, 1960) is a Czech film, stage, and television actor, best known for his appearances in Solomon Kane and Blade II. He voiced the character Tommy Angelo for the Czech version of the video game Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven.", "Q289088": "Alexander Sergeyevich Lazarev (\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0430\u0301\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432; January 3, 1938 \u2013 May 2, 2011) was a Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, the People's Artist of Russia and the USSR State Prize laureate (both 1977). A Moscow Mayakovsky Theater veteran (where throughout his fifty years career he played more than fifty parts) Lazarev appeared in more than 100 films, including One More Thing About Love (1968) which made him famous.", "Q137906": "James IV (17 March 1473 \u2013 9 September 1513) was the King of Scotland from 11 June 1488 to his death. He assumed the throne following the death of his father, King James III, (1451/52\u20131488, reigned 1460\u20131488) at the Battle of Sauchieburn, a rebellion in which the younger James played an indirect role. He is generally regarded as the most successful of the Stewart monarchs of Scotland, but his reign ended in a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Flodden. He was the last monarch from the island of Great Britain to be killed in battle.\nJames IV's marriage in 1503 to Margaret Tudor linked the royal houses of Scotland and England. It led to the Union of the Crowns in 1603, when Elizabeth I died without heirs and James IV's great-grandson James VI succeeded to the English throne as James I.\n\n", "Q75265": "Otto Julius Bernhard von Corvin-Wiersbitzki (12 October 1812 \u2013 2 March 1886) was a German author.", "Q316964": "Jeremy Robert Myron Sumpter (born February 5, 1989) is an American actor. His prominent roles include the title role in the 2003 live action film Peter Pan, Jacob in the 2014 disaster film Into the Storm, and the recurring role of J. D. McCoy in the NBC television series Friday Night Lights (2008\u20132010).", "Q1010602": "Giorgio Gaber (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0292ord\u0292o \u02c8\u0261a\u02d0ber]), byname of Giorgio Gaberscik (25 January 1939 \u2013 1 January 2003), was an Italian singer, composer, actor, and playwright. He was also an accomplished guitar player and author of one of the first rock songs in Italian (\"Ciao ti dir\u00f2\", 1958). With Sandro Luporini, he pioneered the musical genre known as teatro canzone (\"song theatre\").", "Q685445": "The Vennerbrunnen (Banner Carrier or Vexillum Fountain) is a fountain on Rathausplatz in the Old City of Bern, Switzerland. It is a Swiss Cultural Property of National Significance and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Old City of Bern.", "Q65076": "Pitasch is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Pitasch, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.", "Q7918": "Bulgarian ( (listen), bu(u)l-GAIR-ee-\u0259n; \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438, b\u0103lgarski, pronounced [\u02c8b\u0264\u026b\u0261\u0250rski] (listen)) is a South Slavic language spoken in Southeastern Europe, primarily in Bulgaria. It is the language of Bulgarians.\nAlong with the closely related Macedonian language (collectively forming the East South Slavic languages), it is a member of the Balkan sprachbund. The two languages have several characteristics that set them apart from all other Slavic languages: changes include the elimination of case declension, the development of a suffixed definite article and the lack of a verb infinitive, but it retains and has further developed the Proto-Slavic verb system. One such major development is the innovation of evidential verb forms to encode for the source of information: witnessed, inferred, or reported.\nIt is the official language of Bulgaria, and since 2007 has been among the official languages of the European Union. It is also spoken by minorities in several other countries.", "Q214801": "The Truman Show is a 1998 American science fiction comedy-drama film directed by Peter Weir, produced by Scott Rudin, Andrew Niccol, Edward S. Feldman, and Adam Schroeder, and written by Niccol. The film stars Jim Carrey as Truman Burbank, adopted and raised by a corporation inside a simulated television show revolving around his life, until he discovers it and decides to escape. Additional roles are performed by Laura Linney, Noah Emmerich, Natascha McElhone, Holland Taylor, Ed Harris, and Brian Delate.\nThe Truman Show was originally a spec script by Niccol, inspired by an episode of The Twilight Zone called \"Special Service\". Unlike the finished product, it was more of a science-fiction thriller, with the story set in New York City. Scott Rudin purchased the script, and set up production at Paramount Pictures. Brian De Palma was to direct before Weir signed as director, making the film for $60 million\u2014$20 million less than the original estimate. Niccol rewrote the script while the crew was waiting for Carrey to sign. The majority of filming took place at Seaside, Florida, a master-planned community located in the Florida Panhandle.\nThe film was a financial success, debuting to critical acclaim, and earned numerous nominations at the 71st Academy Awards, 56th Golden Globe Awards, 52nd British Academy Film Awards and The Saturn Awards. The Truman Show has been analyzed as a thesis on Christianity, metaphilosophy, simulated reality, existentialism, and reality television.", "Q616239": "Scandal is an American rock band from the 1980s fronted by Patty Smyth. The band scored a hit in the United States with the song \"The Warrior\", which peaked at No. 7 in 1984. Other hits were \"Goodbye to You\" (1982 - No. 65 US), \"Love's Got a Line on You\" (1983 - No. 59 US), \"Hands Tied\" (1984 - No. 41 US), and \"Beat of a Heart\" (1985 - No. 41 US).", "Q420727": "Nicole Saba (Arabic: \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u200e; born 26 June 1974) is a Lebanese singer and actress.\nFrom 1998 to 2001, Nicole Saba was a member of the Lebanese pop group The 4 Cats, She replaced Rola Bahnam who officially shot with the band in their first video \"Ashra HdashEtnash\", Nicole released two albums with the 4Cats \"Tic \u2013 Tick\" and \"Layl Nhar\" and shot four video clips with them \"Yanassini, Kan Ezaman, Layl Nhar and Maba2a Eida\" and shot the band's commercial for LUX Shower Gel. She then embarked on a solo singing as well as an acting career. Her debut album was released in 2004, and her first film came out in 2003. She has subsequently had success with additional roles in Egyptian-made films.Nicole was given the award for the best singer in 2004 by Sayidaty magazine.", "Q64368": "Safien is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. The municipalities of Valendas, Versam, Safien and Tenna merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Safiental.", "Q192410": "Jennifer Kate Hudson (born September 12, 1981), also known by her nickname J.Hud, is an American singer and actress. She rose to fame in 2004 as a finalist on the third season of American Idol, placing seventh. Hudson made her film debut as Effie White in Dreamgirls (2006), for which she received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actress. She also appeared in Sex and the City (2008), The Secret Life of Bees (2008), and Black Nativity (2013). In 2015, she made her Broadway debut in the role of Shug Avery in The Color Purple.\nFollowing her elimination from American Idol and performance in Dreamgirls, Hudson was later signed to Arista Records by Clive Davis and released her self-titled debut studio album in 2008, which was certified gold in the United States, sold over a million copies worldwide, and received a Grammy Award for Best R&B Album. Her subsequent studio albums, I Remember Me (2011) and JHUD (2014), saw continued commercial success with the former also being certified gold in the United States. Hudson received her second Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album in 2017 as a cast member on The Color Purple.\nHudson was the subject of significant media attention in 2008 when her mother, brother, and nephew were killed in a shooting. She resumed public appearances the following year, with a high-profile performance at Super Bowl XLIII as well as other mainstream events. Hudson has been described as a friend of former President Barack Obama, who invited her to appear with him at a fundraiser in Beverly Hills during his first term in May 2009. She also performed at the White House at the \"Celebration of Music from the Civil Rights Movement\" event. In 2013, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Hudson has contributed as a coach on the UK and the US version of The Voice from 2017 up to 2019, becoming the first female coach to win the former.\n\n", "Q466772": "Tom Glocer (born October 8, 1959) is an American business executive and the former CEO of Thomson Reuters and Reuters.\n\n", "Q524233": "Muskogee () is the eleventh-largest city in Oklahoma and the county seat of Muskogee County. Home to Bacone College, it lies approximately 48 miles (77 km) southeast of Tulsa. The population of the city was 39,223 as of the 2010 census, a 2.4 percent increase from 38,310 at the 2000 census.The 1951 film Jim Thorpe \u2013 All-American, starring Burt Lancaster, was filmed on the campus of Bacone Indian College at Muskogee. Three feature films were recently shot in Muskogee: Salvation (2007), Denizen (2010), and American Honey (2016).", "Q1197779": "Nobuyuki Tsujii (\u8fbb\u4e95 \u4f38\u884c, Tsujii Nobuyuki) (also known as Nobu Tsujii) is a Japanese pianist and composer. He was born blind due to microphthalmia, and his exceptional musical talent has propelled him to become a world renowned artist. Tsujii performs extensively, with a large number of conductors and orchestras, and has received critical acclaims as well as notices for his unique techniques for learning music and performing with an orchestra while being unable to see.", "Q357086": "The French Detective (French: Adieu poulet) is a 1975 French film directed by Pierre Granier-Deferre, and scripted by Francis Veber from a novel by Raf Vallet. It received two C\u00e9sar nominations for best supporting actor, and another for editing.", "Q2986228": "In sports broadcasting, a sports commentator (also known as sports announcer, sportscaster or play-by-play announcer) gives a running commentary of a game or event in real time, usually during a live broadcast, traditionally delivered in the historical present tense. Radio was the first medium for sports broadcasts, and radio commentators must describe all aspects of the action to listeners who cannot see it for themselves. In the case of televised sports coverage, commentators are usually presented as a voiceover, with images of the contest shown on viewers' screens and sounds of the action and spectators heard in the background. Television commentators are rarely shown on screen during an event, though some networks choose to feature their announcers on camera either before or after the contest or briefly during breaks in the action.\n\n", "Q235617": "L\u00e9onie Marie Julie Bathiat (15 May 1898 \u2013 23 July 1992), known professionally as Arletty, was a French actress, singer, and fashion model. She was found guilty of treason for an affair with a German officer during WWII, but she continued her career which included playing Blanche in the French version of A Streetcar Named Desire.", "Q273642": "ESSEC Business School is an international higher education institution located in France (Cergy-Pontoise and La D\u00e9fense in the Paris area), Singapore and Morocco. Founded in 1907, ESSEC Business School is one of the most selective French \"Grandes \u00e9coles\" and referred in France as one of the \"trois Parisiennes\" (three Parisians), together with ESCP and HEC Paris. ESSEC Business School is one of the 76 schools in the world to have obtained the triple accreditation of AACSB, EQUIS and AMBA. ESSEC is the first European business school to obtain AACSB accreditation.\nESSEC's flagship program, the Master of Science in Management (Grande Ecole), was ranked 3rd worldwide by the Financial Times in 2019 and ESSEC's Master in Finance was also ranked 3rd worldwide by the Financial Times in 2017.\nThe school is headed by Prof. Vincenzo Esposito-Vinzi following the appointment of Prof. Jean-Michel Blanquer as French Minister of Education in the Philippe Government of President Emmanuel Macron.", "Q182603": "The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity. There is no definitive list. The historical period during which they flourished is referred to by scholars as the Patristic Era ending approximately around AD 700 (John of Damascus died in 749 AD, Byzantine Iconoclasm began in 726 AD).\nIn the past, the Church Fathers were regarded as authoritative and more restrictive definitions were used which sought to limit the list to authors treated as such. However, the definition has widened as scholars of patristics, the study of the Church Fathers, have expanded their scope.", "Q918157": "Ivan L. Moody (born Ivan Lewis Greening on January 7, 1975) is the lead vocalist for American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch. He had performed for several bands before joining Five Finger Death Punch (often abbreviated to FFDP or 5FDP). As an actor, he also starred in the films Bled as Incubus, and The Devil's Carnival as the hobo clown. He was also known by the pseudonym Ghost during his time with Motograter.", "Q1425328": "Union of Soviet Writers, USSR Union of Writers, or Soviet Union of Writers (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420, romanized: Soyuz Sovetstikh Pisatelei) was a creative union of professional writers in the Soviet Union. It was founded in 1934 on the initiative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1932) after disbanding a number of other writers' organizations: RAPP, Proletkult, and VOAPP.\nThe aim of the Union was to achieve Party and State control in the field of literature. For professional writers, membership of the Union became effectively obligatory, and non-members had much more limited opportunities for publication. The result was that exclusion from the Union meant a virtual ban on publication. In spite of this, the history of the Union of Writers also saw cases of voluntary self-exclusion from its cadre. Thus Vasily Aksenov, Simeon Lipkin and Inna Lisnyanskaya left the Union of Writers in a show of solidarity following the exclusion of Victor Yerofeev and Yevgeny Popov in punishment for self-publishing.\nAfter the fall of Soviet Union, the Union of Soviet Writers was divided into separate organizations for each of the Post-Soviet states. The Russian section was transformed into the Union of Russian Writers.", "Q89960": "Anastasia Zampounidis (Greek: \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u0396\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b7; born December 28, 1968), is a Greek-German TV host.", "Q97586": "Ingrid Bach\u00e9r (pen name for Ingrid Erben, born 24 September 1930 as Ingrid Schwarze in Rostock) is a German writer, a former member of the Gruppe 47 and former president of the PEN Germany.\n\n", "Q235171": "Erika Sawajiri (\u6ca2\u5c3b \u30a8\u30ea\u30ab, Sawajiri Erika, born April 8, 1986) is a Japanese former actress, singer, and model. After starting out as a junior model, Sawajiri transitioned to acting in 2002 and has starred in Break Through!, Shinobi: Heart Under Blade, and 1 Litre of Tears, for all of which she received several newcomer acting awards. Sawajiri also launched a singing career through the 2006 television drama Taiy\u014d no Uta, where her first commercially-released song of the same name was certified Million by the Recording Industry Association of Japan. She later released solo music under the name Erika.\nIn 2007, Sawajiri went on hiatus after her public image was affected by her controversial statements and personal relationships. She later returned to acting in 2010 and starred in Helter Skelter, for which she was awarded Best Leading Actress at the 36th Japan Academy Film Prize. On November 16, 2019, she was arrested for drug possession, and during her trial in January 2020, she stated that she had no plans on continuing her career.\n\n", "Q420041": "Lynn Shelton (born August 2, 1965) is an American director known for writing, directing, and producing such films as Humpday and Your Sister's Sister.", "Q359915": "Peter Mieg (5 September 1906 \u2013 7 December 1990) was a Swiss composer, painter and journalist.\n\n", "Q3020806": "Deborah \"Debbie\" Lee Carrington (December 14, 1959 \u2013 March 23, 2018) was an American actress and stuntwoman. Her best known movie roles include playing a Martian rebel in Total Recall, an Ewok in Return of the Jedi (and in subsequent TV movies) and an elf in The Polar Express.She was born in San Jose, California; her father was an insurance manager and her mother was a schoolteacher. While attending the University of California-Davis, she replied to an ad for extras in a newsletter published by Little People of America for Under the Rainbow, a film about the Munchkins from The Wizard of Oz. Having landed a role in the film, she took a break from her studies, but later returned and gained a degree in early childhood development.", "Q320568": "Yuri (\u767e\u5408, \"lily\"), also known by the wasei-eigo construction Girls' Love (\u30ac\u30fc\u30eb\u30ba\u30e9\u30d6, g\u0101ruzu rabu), is a Japanese jargon term for content and a genre involving lesbian relationships or female homoeroticism in light novels, manga, anime, video games and related Japanese media. Yuri focuses on the sexual orientation or the romantic orientation aspects of the relationship, or both, the latter of which is sometimes called sh\u014djo-ai by Western fandom, despite its different and negative meaning in actual Japanese.\nThe themes yuri deals with have their roots in the Japanese lesbian fiction of the early twentieth century, with pieces such as Yaneura no Nishojo by Nobuko Yoshiya. Nevertheless, it is not until the 1970s that lesbian-themed works began to appear in manga, by the hand of artists such as Ryoko Yamagishi and Riyoko Ikeda. The 1990s brought new trends in manga and anime, as well as in d\u014djinshi productions, along with more acceptance for this kind of content. In 2003, the first manga magazine specifically dedicated to yuri, Yuri Shimai, was launched, and this was followed by its revival Comic Yuri Hime, which was launched after the former was discontinued in 2004.As a genre, yuri content does not inherently target a single gender demographic unlike their counterparts yaoi and bara. Although yuri originated in female-targeted works, today it is featured in male-targeted ones as well. Yuri manga from male-targeted magazines include titles such as Kannazuki no Miko and Strawberry Panic!, as well as those from Comic Yuri Hime's male-targeted sister magazine, Comic Yuri Hime S, which was launched in 2007.", "Q65710": "Hans Kundt (28 February 1869, Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg-Strelitz \u2013 30 August 1939, Lugano, Switzerland) was a German military officer from a family of military officers. He was the primary military figure of Bolivia during the two decades preceding the Chaco War.", "Q993164": "Epsom () is a market town in Surrey, England, 13.7 miles (22.0 km) southwest of London, between Ashtead and Ewell. The town straddles chalk downland (Epsom Downs) and the upper Thanet Formation. Epsom Downs Racecourse holds The Derby, now a generic name for sports competitions in English-speaking countries. The town also gives its name to Epsom salts, originally extracted from mineral waters there.", "Q106265": "Norbert Bolz (born April 17, 1953) is a German media theorist. He is a professor at the Technical University of Berlin.\nBolz developed a media theory, the \"Theorie der neuen Medien\", that is influenced by Friedrich Nietzsche, Walter Benjamin and Marshall McLuhan.", "Q129286": "The British Raj (; from r\u0101j, literally, \"rule\" in Sanskrit and Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent from 1858 to 1947. The rule is also called Crown rule in India, or direct rule in India. The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage, and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, plus those ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British tutelage or paramountcy, called the princely states. The whole was never officially called the Indian Empire, only informally.As \"India\", it was a founding member of the League of Nations, a participating nation in the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936, and a founding member of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945.This system of governance was instituted on 28 June 1858, when, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria (who, in 1876, was proclaimed Empress of India). It lasted until 1947, when it was partitioned into two sovereign dominion states: the Dominion of India (later the Republic of India) and the Dominion of Pakistan (later the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the eastern part of which, still later, became the People's Republic of Bangladesh in 1971). At the inception of the Raj in 1858, Lower Burma was already a part of British India; Upper Burma was added in 1886, and the resulting union, Burma (Myanmar), was administered as an autonomous province until 1937, when it became a separate British colony, gaining its own independence in 1948.", "Q2749068": "McClain (formerly McClain Sisters and 3mcclaingirls) is an American girl group that was formed in 2005. The group consists of sisters China Anne McClain, Sierra McClain, and Lauryn McClain. They signed with Hollywood Records in 2011 and released their debut single \"Go\" in 2012. In 2013, the group left the record label. Their last single \"Feelin' Like\" was released in 2016. The group is now on hiatus and the sisters are pursuing their acting careers.", "Q109156": "Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot (born 26 December 1775 in Verdun, died 17 February 1813 in Essen), n\u00e9 Antoine Charles Louis de Tabouillot, was a French officer, nobleman and counter-revolutionary, who later became a politician in the French satellite state, the Grand Duchy of Berg, where he served as Mayor of Essen under French rule during the Napoleonic Wars from 1811 to 1813.", "Q237766": "Anita Bj\u00f6rk (25 April 1923 \u2013 24 October 2012) was a Swedish actress.She was born in T\u00e4llberg, Dalarna and attended Dramatens elevskola (The Royal Dramatic Theatre's acting school) from 1942 to 1945. She was a leading lady of Swedish theatre for many years and worked on the national stage Dramaten from 1945 onwards and played more than 100 roles over the years (which makes her one of the greatest actors of Dramaten).\nAnita Bj\u00f6rk played leading roles in film in a number of genres, including thrillers and crime mystery dramas such as Det kom en g\u00e4st (1947), Moln \u00f6ver Hellesta (1956), Damen i svart (1958), Mannek\u00e4ng i r\u00f6tt (1958) and T\u00e4rningen \u00e4r kastad (1960). Her most famous role was probably her title role in Alf Sj\u00f6berg's film adaption of Strindberg's Miss Julie (1951) that was awarded the grand prize at Cannes Film Festival.\nIn the book-length interview Hitchcock/Truffaut (Simon and Schuster, 1967), Hitchcock said he had hired Bj\u00f6rk as the female lead for I Confess in 1952 after seeing her in Miss Julie. However, when Bj\u00f6rk arrived in Hollywood with her lover Stig Dagerman and their baby, Jack L. Warner, the head of Warner Brothers insisted that Hitchcock should find another actress.\nShe was married to Olof Bergstr\u00f6m (1945\u20131951) and to Stig Dagerman (from 1953). After Dagerman's death in 1954, she had a relationship with author Graham Greene.\nIn 2009 she performed in A. R. Gurney's play K\u00e4rleksbrev (Love Letters) at Dramaten opposite Jan-Olof Strandberg (Lilla scenen; March\u2013April, 2009).\nBj\u00f6rk died on 24 October 2012 at the age of 89.", "Q93938": "Gary Friedrich (; August 21, 1943 \u2013 August 29, 2018) was an American comic book writer best known for his Silver Age stories for Marvel Comics' Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos, and, in the following era, for the series The Monster of Frankenstein and for co-creating the supernatural motorcyclist the Ghost Rider and the supernatural hero the Son of Satan.\nFriedrich \u2013 no relation to fellow comics writer Mike Friedrich \u2013 was the first successful new writer brought into the burgeoning 1960s Marvel after fellow Missourian Roy Thomas. Succeeding Thomas on Sgt. Fury, Friedrich and the art team of Dick Ayers and John Severin produced a World War II series for the Vietnam years, combining militaristic camaraderie and gung ho humor with a regretful sense of war as a terrible last resort. The humanistic military drama was noted for its semi-anthological \"The\" stories, such as \"The Medic\" and \"The Deserter\".\nFriedrich went on to write a smattering of superhero stories for Marvel, Atlas/Seaboard Comics and Topps Comics, and eventually left the comics industry. In 2011, he lost a federal lawsuit over a claim of ownership in the character Ghost Rider, but in July 2014, three months after an appellate court reversed that decision, the parties said they had reached a settlement.", "Q261520": "Jessica Coch (born Jessica Alejandra Coch Montes de Oca on November 4, 1979 in Puebla, Mexico) is a Mexican actress.", "Q71765": "Karl von Wogau was born 18 July 1941 in Freiburg and is a German politician. Karl von Wogau studied Law and Economics in Freiburg, Munich and Bonn and holds a Doctorate on the constitutional history of Further Austria (German: Vorder\u00f6sterreich).\nKarl von Wogau is a member of the German conservative party Christian Democratic Union and the European People's Party. From 1979 to 2008 he served as an elected Member of the European Parliament for the Land (federal state) Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg and was the chairman of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs from 1994 to 1999. From 2004\u20132009, he was chairman of the Subcommittee on Security and Defence of the Committee on Foreign Affairs.\nIn 2009, Wogau was defeated in his bid for a seventh term in the European Parliament. He is now Secretary General of the European Security Foundation.", "Q731692": "Robert Bruce Simonds Jr. (born 1964) is an American film producer, entrepreneur and the founder, chairman and CEO of STX Entertainment, which creates, produces, distributes, finances and markets film (as STXfilms), television (as STXtelevision), digital media (as STXdigital), and live events and virtual reality (as STXsurreal). The company bridges the gap between China and the US, with additional partnerships around the globe (as STXinternational). According to The Wall Street Journal, in its first four years, Simonds more than tripled the company's valuation to an estimated US$3.5 billion. In September 2017, it was reported that STX was close to an initial public offering on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (SEHK), and in April 2018, the company announced it had filed for an IPO. In October 2018, it was announced that STX would not go through with the IPO, as market conditions had changed. Prior to STX, Simonds was an independent film producer whose over 30 films have generated more than $6 billion in worldwide box office revenue.", "Q5869": "Lhasa is a prefecture-level city, one of the main administrative divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It covers an area of 29,274 square kilometres (11,303 sq mi) of rugged and sparsely populated terrain. Its capital and largest city is Lhasa, with around 300,000 residents, which mostly corresponds with the administrative Chengguan District, while its suburbs extend into Doilungd\u00eaq\u00ean District and Dagz\u00ea District. The consolidated prefecture-level city contains additional five, mostly rural, counties.\nThe city boundaries roughly correspond to the basin of the Lhasa River, a major tributary of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. It lies on the Lhasa terrane, the last unit of crust to accrete to the Eurasian plate before the continent of India collided with Asia about 50 million years ago and pushed up the Himalayas. The terrane is high, contains a complex pattern of faults and is tectonically active. The temperature is generally warm in summer and rises above freezing on sunny days in winter. Most of the rain falls in summer. The upland areas and northern grasslands are used for grazing yaks, sheep and goats, while the river valleys support agriculture with crops such as barley, wheat and vegetables. Wildlife is not abundant, but includes the rare snow leopard and black-necked crane. Mining has caused some environmental problems.\nThe 2000 census gave a total population of 474,490, of whom 387,124 were ethnic Tibetans. The Han Chinese population at the time was mainly concentrated in urban areas. The prefecture-level city is traversed by two major highways and by the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Railway, which terminates in the city of Lhasa. Two large dams on the Lhasa River deliver hydroelectric power, as do many smaller dams and the Yangbajain Geothermal Field. The population is well-served by primary schools and basic medical facilities, although more advanced facilities are lacking. Tibetan Buddhism and monastic life have been dominant aspects of the local culture since the 7th century. Most of the monasteries were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, but since then many have been restored and serve as tourist attractions.", "Q229558": "Brewster's Millions is a 1985 American comedy film directed by Walter Hill. The film stars Richard Pryor and John Candy. The screenplay by Herschel Weingrod and Timothy Harris was based on the 1902 novel of the same name by George Barr McCutcheon. It is the seventh film based on the story.", "Q268262": "Ya\u00ebl Dayan (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e2\u05dc \u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05df, born 12 February 1939) is an Israeli politician and author. She served as a member of the Knesset between 1992 and 2003, and from 2008 to 2013 was the chair of Tel Aviv city council. Her service on the city council ended with the 2013 election. She is the daughter of Moshe Dayan and sister of Assi Dayan and Udi Dayan.", "Q549785": "S\u00e1ndor K\u00f3nya-Hamar (born September 5, 1948 in Lunca Mure\u015fului, Alba County) is an ethnic Hungarian politician in Romania and Member of the European Parliament. He is a member of the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, part of the European People's Party\u2013European Democrats, and became an MEP on 1 January 2007 with the accession of Romania to the European Union.", "Q2034582": "Willgodt Theophil Odhner (in Cyrillic, \u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0442 \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0440) was a Swedish engineer and entrepreneur, working in St. Petersburg, Russia. He was the inventor of the Odhner Arithmometer, which by the 1940s was one of the most popular type of portable mechanical calculator in the world.According to a brochure distributed by Odhner's company at the Paris World exposition of 1900 \"...Odhner had, in 1871, an opportunity to repair a Thomas calculating machine and then became convinced that it is possible to solve the problem of mechanical calculation by a simpler and more appropriate way\". It took him 19 years to perfect the design of this new machine so it could be manufactured effectively.", "Q221104": "The Cell is a 2000 American science fiction crime horror film directed by Tarsem Singh in his directorial debut, and starring Jennifer Lopez, Vince Vaughn, and Vincent D'Onofrio.\nThe film received mixed reviews upon its release, with critics praising its visuals, direction, make-up, costumes and D'Onofrio's performance, while criticizing its Silence of the Lambs-inspired plot, an emphasis on style rather than substance, and masochistic imagery. The film was a box office success, grossing over $104 million against a $33 million budget.", "Q95385": "Werner Nachmann (12 August 1925 in Karlsruhe, Germany \u2013 21 January 1988), was a German entrepreneur and politician, and was president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany (Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland) from 1969 to 1988.\nIn 1938 Nachmann fled to France and returned to Germany in 1945 as an officer of the French army. He established himself again in Karlsruhe, where he developed his family business. From 1961 to 1988 he was the chairman of the Jewish municipality in Karlsruhe and the advisor on mikvah affairs. In 1962 he became a member of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, in 1965 he was subsequently selected in its board of directors and from 1969 onwards he held the presidency. He is considered as an important pioneer of renewed cooperation between the authorities of the Federal Republic of Germany and German-Jewish organizations. For his work Nachmann was often honored during his lifetime, but criticism rose sharply from parts of the German-Jewish community in the early seventies as some found his efforts towards Jewish-German reconciliation as lacking sufficient distance to Germany.\nIn 1972, he served on the organizing committee of the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. He was also a member of the Israeli delegation.\nIn 1986, he received the Theodor Heuss prize for his services to Jewish-German reconciliation and the peaceful coexistence of Jews and Christians in the Federal Republic of Germany. After his death in 1988, Nachmann was loudly condemned when it was discovered that from 1981 to 1987 he had defrauded about 33 million DM ($17 million in U.S. dollars at the time) from a German government fund intended for victims of the Nazis. The actual whereabouts of the funds remain unknown. Nachmann's successor in office, Heinz Galinski, strove intensively for many years to clear up the affair.\nNachmann died at the age of 62, from heart failure.His son, Marc Nachmann, is the co-head of the investment-banking unit at Goldman Sachs.", "Q953432": "Couto Misto (Portuguese: Couto Misto [\u02c8ko(w)tu \u02c8mi\u0283tu], Galician: Couto Mixto, Spanish: Coto Mixto) was an independent microstate on the border between Spain and Portugal. It was composed of the villages of Santiago de Rubi\u00e1s, Rubi\u00e1s (now in the Spanish municipality of Calvos de Rand\u00edn), and Meaus (now in the Spanish municipality of Baltar), all in the Salas Valley, Ourense, Galicia. The territory of the Couto Misto also included a small uninhabited strip now part of the Portuguese municipality of Montalegre.\nAs a result of complex medieval manorial relations, this land eluded both Portuguese and Spanish control for centuries, actually operating as a sovereign state in its own right until the 1864 Treaty of Lisbon that partitioned the territory between Spain (which annexed most of the land including the three villages) and Portugal (which remained with a smaller uninhabited strip of land). As a de facto independent country, the inhabitants of the Couto Misto had many privileges, including exemption from military service and taxes, and could grant asylum to outsiders and deny access to any foreign military contingent.", "Q174181": "James (Joseph) Hanley (3 September 1897 \u2013 11 November 1985) was a British novelist, short story writer, and playwright from Kirkdale, Liverpool, Lancashire, of Irish descent. Hanley came from a seafaring family and spent two years at sea himself, during World War I. He published his first novel Drift in 1930. In the 1930s and 1940s his novels and short stories focussed on seamen and their families, and included Boy (1931), the subject of an obscenity trial. After World War II there was less emphasis on the sea in his works. While frequently praised by critics, Hanley's novels did not sell well. In the late 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s he wrote plays, mainly for the BBC, for radio and then for television, and also for the theatre. He returned to the novel in the 1970s. His last novel, A Kingdom, was published in 1978, when he was eighty. His brother Gerald was also a novelist.", "Q208582": "Akira Toriyama (\u9ce5\u5c71 \u660e, Toriyama Akira, born April 5, 1955) is a Japanese manga artist and character designer. He first achieved mainstream recognition for his highly successful manga series Dr. Slump, before going on to create Dragon Ball\u2014his best-known work\u2014and acting as a character designer for several popular video games such as the Dragon Quest series, Chrono Trigger and Blue Dragon. Toriyama is regarded as one of the artists that changed the history of manga, as his works are highly influential and popular, particularly Dragon Ball, which many manga artists cite as a source of inspiration.\nHe earned the 1981 Shogakukan Manga Award for best sh\u014dnen or sh\u014djo manga with Dr. Slump, and it went on to sell over 35 million copies in Japan. It was adapted into a successful anime series, with a second anime created in 1997, 13 years after the manga ended. His next series, Dragon Ball, would become one of the most popular and successful manga in the world. Having sold 250\u2013300 million copies worldwide, it is the second best-selling manga of all time and is considered to be one of the main reasons for the period when manga circulation was at its highest in the mid-1980s and mid-1990s. Overseas, Dragon Ball's anime adaptations have been more successful than the manga and are credited with boosting anime's popularity in the Western world. In 2019, Toriyama was decorated a Chevalier of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres for his contributions to the arts.", "Q12362622": "Philanthropy consists of \"private initiatives, for the public good, focusing on quality of life\". Philanthropy contrasts with business initiatives, which are private initiatives for private good, focusing on material gain, and with government endeavors, which are public initiatives for public good, e.g., focusing on provision of public services. A person who practices philanthropy is a philanthropist.\nPhilanthropy is different from charity, though there is some overlap. Charity aims to relieve the pain of a particular social problem, whereas philanthropy attempts to address the root cause of the problem.\n\n", "Q433997": "Ruby Jerins (born April 10, 1998) is an American actress best known for playing Grace Peyton in the drama/comedy series Nurse Jackie, and Caroline Hawkins in the 2010 film Remember Me.", "Q708007": "James \"Jimmy\" Honeyman-Scott (4 November 1956 \u2013 16 June 1982) was an English rock guitarist, songwriter, and founding member of the band The Pretenders.\nWith the Pretenders, Honeyman-Scott established a reputation, in the words of AllMusic, as \"one of the most original and versatile guitarists of the early-'80s new wave movement.\" In addition to his role as lead guitarist, Honeyman-Scott co-wrote a number of songs for the band, sang back-up vocals, and played keyboards on a few tracks. The song \"2000 Miles\" was written for him by Chrissie Hynde and released the year after his death.", "Q187009": "Likud (Hebrew: \u05d4\u05b7\u05dc\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05db\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3, translit. HaLikud, lit., The Consolidation), officially the Likud \u2013 National Liberal Movement, is a centre-right to right-wing political party in Israel. A secular party, it was founded in 1973 by Menachem Begin and Ariel Sharon in an alliance with several right-wing parties. Likud's landslide victory in the 1977 elections was a major turning point in the country's political history, marking the first time the left had lost power. In addition, it was the first time in Israel that a right-wing party won the plurality of the votes. However, after ruling the country for most of the 1980s, the party lost the Knesset election in 1992. Nevertheless, Likud's candidate Benjamin Netanyahu did win the vote for Prime Minister in 1996 and was given the task of forming a government after the 1996 elections. Netanyahu's government fell apart after a vote of no confidence, which led to elections being called in 1999 and Likud losing power to the One Israel coalition led by Ehud Barak.\nIn 2001, Likud's Ariel Sharon, who replaced Netanyahu following the 1999 election, defeated Barak in an election called by the Prime Minister following his resignation. After the party recorded a convincing win in the 2003 elections, Likud saw a major split in 2005 when Sharon left to form the Kadima party. This resulted in Likud slumping to fourth place in the 2006 elections and losing 28 seats in the Knesset. Following the 2009 elections, Likud was able to gain 15 seats, and, with Netanyahu back in control of the party, formed a coalition with fellow right-wing parties Yisrael Beiteinu and Shas to take control of the government from Kadima, which earned a plurality, but not a majority. Netanyahu has been Prime Minister since and Likud had been the leading vote-getter in each election until April 2019, when Likud tied with Blue and White and September 2019, when Blue and White won one more seat than the Likud.A member of the party is called a Likudnik (Hebrew: \u05dc\u05b4\u05db\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3\u05b0\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7).", "Q818631": "Giuseppe Severgnini, (born 26 December 1956), known as Beppe Severgnini (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u025bppe sever\u02c8\u0272i\u02d0ni]), is an Italian journalist, essayist and columnist.", "Q39709": "Des Moines ( (listen)) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Iowa. It is also the county seat of Polk County. A small part of the city extends into Warren County. It was incorporated on September 22, 1851, as Fort Des Moines, which was shortened to \"Des Moines\" in 1857. It is located on, and named after, the Des Moines River, which likely was adapted from the early French name, Rivi\u00e8re des Moines, meaning \"River of the Monks\". The city's population was 216,853 as of the 2018 population estimate. The five-county metropolitan area is ranked 89th in terms of population in the United States with 655,409 residents according to the 2018 estimate by the United States Census Bureau, and is the largest metropolitan area fully located within the state. A portion of the larger Omaha, Nebraska, metropolitan area extends into three counties of southwest Iowa.Des Moines is a major center of the US insurance industry and has a sizable financial services and publishing business base. The city was credited as the \"number one spot for U.S. insurance companies\" in a Business Wire article and named the third-largest \"insurance capital\" of the world. The city is the headquarters for the Principal Financial Group, the Meredith Corporation, Ruan Transportation, TMC Transportation, EMC Insurance Companies, and Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield. Other major corporations such as Wells Fargo, Voya Financial, Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, ACE Limited, Marsh, Monsanto, and DuPont Pioneer have large operations in or near the metropolitan area. In recent years, Microsoft, Hewlett Packard, and Facebook have built data-processing and logistical facilities in the Des Moines area. Forbes ranked Des Moines as the \"Best Place for Business\" in both 2010 and 2013. In 2014, NBC ranked Des Moines as the \"Wealthiest City in America\" according to its criteria.Des Moines is an important city in U.S. presidential politics; as the state's capital, it is the site of the first caucuses of the presidential primary cycle. Many presidential candidates set up campaign headquarters in Des Moines. A 2007 article in The New York Times said, \"If you have any desire to witness presidential candidates in the most close-up and intimate of settings, there is arguably no better place to go than Des Moines.\"", "Q277356": "Sergei Appolinarievich Gerasimov (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043f\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432; 21 May 1906 \u2013 26 November 1985) was a Soviet film director and screenwriter. The oldest film school in the world, the VGIK, bears his name.\nGerasimov started his film industry career as an actor in 1924. At first he appeared in Kozintsev and Trauberg films, such as The Overcoat and The New Babylon. Later, he was commissioned to produce screen versions of the literary classics of socialist realism. His epic screenings of Alexander Fadeyev's The Young Guard (1948) and Mikhail Sholokhov's And Quiet Flows the Don (1957\u201358) were extolled by the authorities as exemplary.\nDuring several decades of their teaching in the VGIK Gerasimov and his wife Tamara Makarova prepared many generations of Russian actors. In his last film Gerasimov played Leo Tolstoy, while Makarova was cast as Tolstoy's wife. Gerasimov is buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery of Moscow.", "Q186317": "Karl Stig-Erland \"Stieg\" Larsson (, Swedish: [\u02c8k\u0251\u02d0\u026d sti\u02d0\u0261 \u02c8\u00e6\u030c\u02d0\u026dand \u02c8l\u0251\u030c\u02d0\u0282\u0254n]; 15 August 1954 \u2013 9 November 2004) was a Swedish journalist and writer. He is best known for writing the Millennium trilogy of crime novels, which were published posthumously, starting in 2005, after the author died suddenly of a heart attack. The trilogy was adapted as three motion pictures in Sweden, and one in the U.S. (for the first book only). The publisher commissioned David Lagercrantz to expand the trilogy into a longer series, which has six novels as of September 2019. For much of his life, Larsson lived and worked in Stockholm. His journalistic work covered socialist politics and he acted as an independent researcher of right-wing extremism.\nHe was the second-best-selling fiction author in the world for 2008, behind the Afghan-American Khaled Hosseini. The third and final novel in the Millennium trilogy, The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest, became the bestselling book in the United States in 2010, according to Publishers Weekly. By March 2015, his series had sold 80 million copies worldwide.", "Q3438272": "Air Commodore Whitney Willard Straight, CBE, MC, DFC (6 November 1912 \u2013 5 April 1979) was a Grand Prix motor racing driver, aviator, businessman, and a member of the prominent Whitney family of the United States.", "Q68220": "Oftringen is a municipality in the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q3479548": "Serge Tchurukdichian (born 13 November 1937), known as Serge Tchuruk, is a French businessman of Armenian descent. He was the chief executive officer and chairman of Alcatel (a global telecommunications company) until the end of November 2006 and was the chairman of Alcatel-Lucent until his resignation in October 2008.\nSerge Tchuruk was graduate of the \u00c9cole Polytechnique in 1962 and a member of the Corps de l'armement.", "Q282877": "Stephen Joseph Malkmus (born May 30, 1966) is an American musician best known as the primary songwriter, lead singer and guitarist of the indie rock band Pavement. He currently performs with Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks and as a solo artist.", "Q314801": "Harold Rowe Holbrook Jr. (born February 17, 1925) is an American actor, television director and writer. He first received critical acclaim in 1954 for a one-man stage show he developed, Mark Twain Tonight!, while studying at Denison University, performing as Mark Twain. He won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play in 1966 for his portrayal of Twain. Throughout his career, he won five Primetime Emmy Awards.Holbrook made his film debut in Sidney Lumet's The Group (1966). He later gained international fame for his performance as Deep Throat in the 1976 film All the President's Men. He played Abraham Lincoln in the 1976 miniseries Lincoln and 1987 miniseries North and South. He has also appeared in such films as Julia (1977), The Fog (1980), Creepshow (1982), Wall Street (1987), The Firm (1993), Hercules (1997), and Men of Honor (2000).Holbrook's role as Ron Franz in Sean Penn's Into the Wild (2007) earned him both Academy Award and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor. Until Robert Duvall was nominated for an Academy Award in 2015, Holbrook was the oldest actor to receive a Best Supporting Actor nomination. In 2009, Holbrook received critical acclaim for his performance as recently retired farmer Abner Meecham in the independent film That Evening Sun.In his later career, Holbrook appeared as Francis Preston Blair in Steven Spielberg's Lincoln (2012), provided his voice as Mayday in the Disney animated film Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014) and as Whizzer in Blackway (2015).As a television actor, Holbrook is known for his recurring role in and directing four episodes of Designing Women as Reese Watson, opposite his wife, Dixie Carter. Later in his career, he has starred in minor roles in Sons of Anarchy, The Event, and Rectify. He has guest-starred in many critically acclaimed television series such as NCIS, The West Wing, The Sopranos, ER, Bones, Grey's Anatomy, and Hawaii Five-0.In 2003, Holbrook was honored with the National Humanities Medal by President George W. Bush.\n\n", "Q861494": "Matt Malloy (born January 12, 1963) is an American actor and producer who has appeared extensively on television, film, and radio. Malloy's break-out performance was his co-starring role alongside Aaron Eckhart and Stacy Edwards in the 1997 black comedy movie In the Company of Men, which he co-executive produced. He also co-starred in the Amazon comedy series Alpha House as Mormon GOP Senator Louis Laffer from Nevada.\n\n", "Q11085": "Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. As the disease worsens, non-motor symptoms become more common. The symptoms usually emerge slowly. Early in the disease, the most obvious symptoms are shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty with walking. Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur. Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease. Depression and anxiety are also common, occurring in more than a third of people with PD. Other symptoms include sensory, sleep, and emotional problems. The main motor symptoms are collectively called \"parkinsonism\", or a \"parkinsonian syndrome\".The cause of Parkinson's disease is unknown, but is believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors. Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves. There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and among those who have had prior head injuries, while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea. The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain. This results in not enough dopamine in this region of the brain. The cause of this cell death is poorly understood, but it involves the build-up of proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons. Diagnosis of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms, with tests such as neuroimaging used to rule out other diseases.There is no cure for Parkinson's disease. Treatment aims to improve the symptoms. Initial treatment is typically with the antiparkinson medication levodopa (L-DOPA), followed by dopamine agonists when levodopa becomes less effective. As the disease progresses and neurons continue to be lost, these medications become less effective while at the same time they produce a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements. Diet and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms. Surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective. Evidence for treatments for the non-movement-related symptoms of PD, such as sleep disturbances and emotional problems, is less strong.In 2015, PD affected 6.2 million people and resulted in about 117,400 deaths globally. Parkinson's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60, of whom about one percent are affected. Males are more often affected than females at a ratio of around 3:2. When it is seen in people before the age of 50, it is called early-onset PD. The average life expectancy following diagnosis is between 7 and 15 years. The disease is named after the English doctor James Parkinson, who published the first detailed description in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy, in 1817. Public awareness campaigns include World Parkinson's Day (on the birthday of James Parkinson, 11 April) and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease. People with Parkinson's who have increased the public's awareness of the condition include actor Michael J. Fox, Olympic cyclist Davis Phinney, professional boxer Muhammad Ali, and actor Alan Alda.\n\n", "Q1174390": "David Franklin Houston (February 17, 1866 \u2013 September 2, 1940) was an American academic, businessman and conservative Democratic politician. He served under President Wilson as the 5th Secretary of Agriculture and the 48th United States Secretary of the Treasury.", "Q25320": "Paul Langevin (; French: [p\u0254l l\u0251\u0303\u0292v\u025b\u0303]; 23 January 1872 \u2013 19 December 1946) was a French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. He was one of the founders of the Comit\u00e9 de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes, an anti-fascist organization created after the 6 February 1934 far right riots. Langevin was also president of the Human Rights League (LDH) from 1944 to 1946 \u2013 having recently joined the French Communist Party. Being a public opponent of fascism in the 1930s resulted in his arrest and being held under house arrest by the Vichy government for most of World War II.\nHe was a doctoral student of Pierre Curie and later a lover of Marie Curie, he is also known for his two US patents with Constantin Chilowsky in 1916 and 1917 involving ultrasonic submarine detection. He is entombed at the Panth\u00e9on.", "Q97592": "Stefan Waggershausen (born 20 February 1949) is a German singer, composer, and songwriter.\nWaggershausen was born in Friedrichshafen, at Lake Constance. In 1974 he produced his first record as singer. In 1980, he had his first big success with the song Hallo Engel. Further songs were released, partly sung together with Ofra Haza and Mar\u00eda Conchita Alonso. The biggest commercial success of Waggershausen's career were the 1984 duet \"Zu Nah Am Feuer\" with Italian singer-songwriter Alice and the 1990 duet Das erste Mal tat's noch weh with Viktor Lazlo.", "Q469333": "Maria, Baroness Rosseels (23 October 1916 \u2013 18 March 2005), also known with her pen name \"E. M. Vervliet\", was a Belgian Catholic writer.", "Q440979": "Tahmoh Penikett ([\u02c8ta\u0294mo]; ; born May 20, 1975) is a Canadian actor. He is known for playing Karl \"Helo\" Agathon on SyFy's 2004 television series Battlestar Galactica. He has appeared in TV series Supernatural, Dollhouse, and the Showcase time travel show, Continuum.", "Q1583289": "The Town of Hempstead is one of the three towns in Nassau County, New York, United States, occupying the southwestern part of the county, in the western half of Long Island. Twenty-two incorporated villages (one of which is named Hempstead) are completely or partially within the town; one notable town is the Village of Atlantic Beach, a luxury summer destination. The town's combined population was 759,757 at the 2010 census, which is the majority of the population of the county and by far the largest of any town in New York.\nIf Hempstead were to be incorporated as a city, it would be the second-largest city in New York, behind New York City; it is more than three times the size of Buffalo, which has long been the state's second-largest city. It would be the 18th-largest city in the country, behind Charlotte, North Carolina and ahead of Seattle, Washington. Hempstead is also the most populous municipality in the New York metropolitan area outside New York City.\nHofstra University's main campus is located in Hempstead.", "Q178963": "Fereydoun Farrokhzad (Persian: \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062e \u0632\u0627\u062f\u200e) (October 7, 1936 \u2013 August 7, 1992) was an Iranian singer, actor, poet, TV and radio host, writer, humanitarian and political opposition figure. He is best known for his variety TV show \"Mikhak-e Noghrei\" (The Silver Carnation) which introduced many artists such as Ebi, Leila Forouhar, Shohreh, Sattar and many more. He was the brother of the acclaimed Persian poets Forough Farrokhzad and Pooran Farrokhzad.\nFarrokhzad was forced into exile after the Islamic Revolution in 1979, and after relocating to Germany was the victim of an unsolved murder. The murder is widely believed to be the work of the Islamic Republic government of Iran, as part of the chain murders in 1988\u201398.", "Q184500": "John Scotus Eriugena or Johannes Scotus Erigena (c.\u2009815 \u2013 c. 877) was an Irish theologian, neoplatonist philosopher, and poet. He succeeded Alcuin of York (735\u2013804) as head of the Palace School at Aachen.\nHe wrote a number of works, but is best known today for having written The Division of Nature, which has been called the \"final achievement\" of ancient philosophy, a work which \"synthesizes the philosophical accomplishments of fifteen centuries.\" He also translated and made commentaries upon the work of Pseudo-Dionysius, and was one of the few Western European philosophers of his day that knew Greek, having studied in Byzantine Athens. A tradition, largely considered spurious, says he was stabbed to death by his students at Malmesbury with their pens.\n\n", "Q255691": "Jo\u00e3o Victor \"JV\" Horto (born September 29, 1990) is a Brazilian racing driver from Londrina.\nAfter karting, Horto went to the United States in 2009 to compete in the Formula BMW Americas championship where he finished seventh, scoring a best finish of second at Road America. In 2010 he drove in the Star Mazda series for Team Apex. He finished 7th in points with two second-place finishes as well as two thirds. In 2011 he returned to the series, this time driving for Juncos Racing. He improved to fourth in the championship, winning the race at Mosport Park.\nIn 2012 he continued with Juncos Racing but moved up to the Firestone Indy Lights series, the next step in IndyCar's Mazda Road to Indy program. Horto competed in three of the first four races of the season, including the Freedom 100 before leaving the team and series. His best finish was 7th in both the Freedom 100 and at Barber Motorsports Park. He finished 15th in points.", "Q106271": "Willi Eichler (7 January 1896 \u2013 17 October 1971) was a German journalist and politician with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).", "Q274887": "Vantage Point is a 2008 American political action thriller film directed by Pete Travis and written by Barry L. Levy. The story focuses on an assassination attempt on the President of the United States, as seen from the various vantage points of different characters. Dennis Quaid, Matthew Fox, Forest Whitaker, William Hurt and Sigourney Weaver star in principal roles. The film is often compared, unfavorably, to Akira Kurosawa's Rashomon, which also employed storytelling through multiple perspectives. Rashomon used the multiple perspectives to question the possibility of truth, in a process called the Rashomon effect; in contrast, Vantage Point recounts a series of events which are re-enacted from several different perspectives and viewpoints to reveal a truthful account of what happened. Vantage Point also explores kidnapping, assassination and terrorism.The film was co-produced by Relativity Media, Original Film, and Art In Motion. It was commercially distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing goes through Columbia Pictures label theatrically, and by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment in home media format. The film project began principal photography in Mexico City on June 18, 2006. On February 26, 2008, the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released by Var\u00e8se Sarabande. The film score was composed by musician Atli \u00d6rvarsson.\nFollowing its premiere on February 22, 2008, Vantage Point grossed $72.3 million in US ticket receipts. The film was screened at 3,163 theaters during its widest release nationwide in the United States. It earned an additional $78.9 million in business through international release to top out at a combined $151.2 million in gross revenue. Preceding its theatrical run though, the film received mixed reviews on Metacritic and has a 34% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The widescreen DVD and high-definition Blu-ray Disc editions of the film featuring the director's audio commentary and interviews with the cast and crew, were both released in the United States on July 8, 2008.\n\n", "Q608775": "Caio Ribeiro Decoussau (born 16 August 1975) is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward.", "Q734098": "S\u00e9bastien Akchot\u00e9-Bozovi\u0107 (born 3 February 1981), known mononymously as Sebastian (stylised as SebastiAn), is a French musician, composer, producer, mixer, engineer, vocalist and DJ affiliated with Ed Banger Records. He has worked as a solo electronic musician and as a remixer for bands and singers such as Charlotte Gainsbourg, Daft Punk, Beastie Boys, Bloc Party, and Nero. He has also produced songs for Charlotte Gainsbourg, Frank Ocean, Katerine, Kavinsky, Uffie and Woodkid, and he has composed music for the films Notre Jour Viendra and Steak (in which he also acted, credited under the name Sebastian Akchot\u00e9). Many of his tracks have been used on television and in video games.", "Q81496": "Adam Joseph van Koeverden (born January 29, 1982) is a Canadian sprint kayaker and politician. He is an Olympic gold medallist in the K-1 500m category (2004) and a two-time world champion in K-1 500 (2007) and K-1 1000 (2011), winning four Olympic and eight world championship medals. His home club is the Burloak Canoe Club in Oakville, Ontario.\nIn the 2019 Canadian federal election, van Koeverden was elected to the Canadian House of Commons, representing the electoral district of Milton as a member of the Liberal Party of Canada caucus.\n\n", "Q1701232": "John North Willys (; October 25, 1873 \u2013 August 26, 1935) was an American automotive pioneer and statesman.\n\n", "Q205918": "Xes\u00fas Ferro Ruibal (Mora\u00f1a, 1944) is a theologian, Latinist and writer from Galicia.\nHe is a member of the Real Academia Galega and he helped translate the Bible to Galician. He works nowadays in a phraseology project of Centro Ram\u00f3n Pi\u00f1eiro para a Investigaci\u00f3n en Humanidades, where he publishes his logs often.\n\n", "Q478558": "Ferruccio Novo (born 22 March 1897 in Turin \u2013 died 8 April 1974 in Laigueglia) was an Italian association football player, coach, and sports manager, who played as a defender. He was the president of the Grande Torino.", "Q4724644": "Ali Mehdi Jawad Aldabbagh (born 18 July 1955) is an Iraqi engineer, businessman and politician who served as government spokesman until November 2012.", "Q75271": "Jerzy Marr (21 March 1901 \u2013 9 May 1962) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in 17 films between 1927 and 1942. His birthname was Oktawian Zawadzki.", "Q887111": "Richard Dale Snyder (born August 19, 1958) is an American politician, business executive, venture capitalist, lawyer and accountant who served as the 48th governor of Michigan from 2011 to 2019. He is a member of the Republican Party.From 2005 to 2007, Snyder served as the chairman of the board of Gateway, Inc. Prior to his election as governor, he co-founded Ardesta, LLC, a venture capital firm and HealthMedia, Inc., a digital health coaching company, both based out of Ann Arbor, Michigan. He gained national attention during the Flint water crisis, in which he was accused of mishandling the situation that exposed 6,000 to 12,000 Flint children to lead. A report by the University of Michigan School of Public Health concluded Snyder \"bears significant legal responsibility\" for the Flint water crisis.Noteworthy was Snyder's appointment of a 15-member Commission for improving and reforming Michigan's public defense efforts for the poor in the criminal justice system in order to effectively meet and ensure the rights safe-guarded by the constitution.\nSnyder was considered a possible Republican Party candidate for Vice President of the United States in 2012, although ultimately Paul Ryan was selected.On February 3, 2014, Snyder announced his candidacy for re-election as Governor of Michigan in 2014. He was elected to a second term in the November 2014 vote, defeating his major challenger, Democrat Mark Schauer. Snyder was term limited and could not seek re-election in 2018. He was succeeded on New Year's Day of 2019 by Democrat Gretchen Whitmer.", "Q1373335": "Sean Whalen is an American actor and writer. He is known for his work in numerous TV shows, including Shannon's Deal and Grace Under Fire, as well as movies, including The People Under the Stairs and Doppelganger. He is also known for appearing as a hapless history buff in the first commercial of \"Got Milk?\", directed by Michael Bay, which aired in 1993.\n\n", "Q4458247": "Boris Yurievich Titov (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432; born 24 December 1960) is a Russian politician, businessman, and Presidential Commissioner for Entrepreneurs\u2019 Rights. He has led the Party of Growth (Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430; Partiya Rosta, pronounced [\u02c8part\u02b2\u026aj\u0259 \u02c8rost\u0259]) previously known as \"Just Cause\" (Russian: \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0414\u0435\u043b\u043e, romanized: Pr\u00e1voye Dyelo, lit. 'Just Cause' pronounced [\u02c8prav\u0259j\u0259 \u02c8d\u02b2\u025b\u026b\u0259]) since February 2016.In 2018 election Titov run for President of Russia, but was defeated by incumbent Vladimir Putin.", "Q128832": "Alexander Alexandrovich Bestuzhev (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0436\u0435\u0432, IPA: [b\u02b2\u026a\u02c8stu\u0290\u0268f] (listen); (3 November [O.S. 23 October] 1797 \u2013 19 June [O.S. 7 June] 1837), was a Russian writer and Decembrist. After the Decembrist revolt he was sent into exile to Caucasus where Russian Empire was waging the war against the Circassians. There writing under the pseudonym Marlinsky (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [m\u0250r\u02c8l\u02b2insk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen)) he became known as a romantic poet, short story writer and novelist. He was killed there in a skirmish.", "Q503840": "Angelo Moratti (Somma Lombardo 5 November 1909 \u2013 Viareggio 12 August 1981) was an Italian oil tycoon, founder of Saras S.p.A., one of the largest petroleum refining companies in the world. He was for many years the owner and chairman of Serie A football club Internazionale Milano F.C.. He was the father of the late Gian Marco Moratti and of Massimo Moratti, heir to the family's fortune and current chairman of Saras.", "Q170481": "The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is an inter-governmental forum for 21 member economies in the Pacific Rim that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Following the success of ASEAN's series of post-ministerial conferences launched in the mid-1980s, APEC started in 1989, in response to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific economies and the advent of regional trade blocs in other parts of the world; it aimed to establish new markets for agricultural products and raw materials beyond Europe. Headquartered in Singapore, APEC is recognized as one of the highest-level multilateral blocs and oldest forums in the Asia-Pacific region, and exerts a significant global influence.The heads of government of all APEC members except the Republic of China (which is represented by a ministerial-level official under the name Chinese Taipei as economic leader) attend an annual APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting. The location of the meeting rotates annually among the member economies, and a famous tradition, followed for most (but not all) summits, involves the attending leaders dressing in a national costume of the host country. APEC has three official observers: the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Secretariat, the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council and the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. APEC's Host Economy of the Year is considered to be invited in the first place for geographical representation to attend G20 meetings following G20 guidelines.", "Q24980": "Monty Python's The Meaning of Life, also known simply as The Meaning of Life, is a 1983 British musical sketch comedy film written and performed by the Monty Python troupe, directed by Terry Jones. It was the last film to feature all six Python members before Graham Chapman's death in 1989.\nUnlike Holy Grail and Life of Brian, the film's two predecessors, which each told a single, more-or-less coherent story, The Meaning of Life returned to the sketch format of the troupe's original television series and their first film from twelve years earlier, And Now for Something Completely Different, loosely structured as a series of comic sketches about the various stages of life. It was accompanied by the short film The Crimson Permanent Assurance.\nReleased on 23 June 1983 in the United Kingdom, The Meaning of Life, although not as acclaimed as its predecessors, was still well received critically and was a minor box office success, grossing almost $15 million on a $9 million budget. It also screened at the 1983 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix. The film appears in a 2010 list of the top 20 cult films published by The Boston Globe.", "Q274139": "Suleka \"Sue\" Mathew is a Canadian actress, known for her portrayal of Dr. Sunita Ramen on the Canadian television series Da Vinci's Inquest.She was born in India and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia, since the age of two.She appeared for two seasons on the ABC sitcom Men in Trees playing the character Sara Jackson. She next played a nurse named Bobbie Jackson on the TNT series HawthoRNe, which began in 2009, and ran for three seasons. In 2013 she played Dina Tomlin on the U.S. TV series, Red Widow. She is currently playing Arlene Branch in the TNT show Claws.", "Q214815": "Julius Brammer (9 March 1877 \u2013 18 April 1943) was an Austrian librettist and lyricist. Some of his better-known works were written in conjunction with the composers Emmerich K\u00e1lm\u00e1n, Oscar Straus, Leo Ascher, Edmund Eysler and Robert Stolz.\nBrammer was born in Sehraditz, Moravia (now: Sehradice near Zl\u00edn), the son of Hermann and Julie. He trained as an actor and first appeared in the Staatstheater am G\u00e4rtnerplatz in Munich. He later transferred to Vienna, where he became involved in operetta productions at the Theater an der Wien. From 1908 he concentrated on writing libretti, often with Alfred Gr\u00fcnwald, and became one of the leading creative artists of the Vienna \"Silver Operetta Period\" (about 1900 to 1920).After the Anschluss, as a Jew, he was forced to emigrate and went to Paris, and after the fall of that city to the unoccupied south of France, where he died in Juan-les-Pins.One of his most enduring numbers, still popular in several translations, is \"Sch\u00f6ner Gigolo, armer Gigolo\", in English \"Just a Gigolo\" (lyrics by Julius Brammer, music by Leonello Casucci). It was recorded by many musicians of the time, including Bing Crosby, Louis Armstrong, Dajos B\u00e9la and Richard Tauber, later by Louis Prima, and is still being recorded in different languages. The song appeared in a 1931 film, a 1932 Betty Boop cartoon, a 1978 movie and a 1993 TV-series, all titled after the song.", "Q995267": "Bryn Mawr (pronounced ;\nfrom Welsh for \"big hill\") is a census-designated place (CDP), located entirely in Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, just west of Philadelphia along Lancaster Avenue (US-30) and the border with Delaware County.\nThere are also areas not in the census-designated place but which have \"Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania\" postal addresses located in Radnor and Haverford Townships in Delaware County.\nBryn Mawr is located toward the center of what is known as the Main Line, a group of affluent Philadelphia suburban villages stretching from the city limits to Malvern. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 3,779. Bryn Mawr is home to Bryn Mawr College.", "Q150989": "Jean Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Joliot-Curie (French: [f\u0281ede\u0281ik \u0292\u0254ljo ky\u0281i]; n\u00e9 Joliot; 19 March 1900 \u2013 14 August 1958) was a French physicist, husband of Ir\u00e8ne Joliot-Curie with whom he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of artificial radioactivity.", "Q926913": "Brompton Cemetery is a London cemetery in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, managed by The Royal Parks. It is one of the Magnificent Seven cemeteries. Established by Act of Parliament and laid out in 1839, it opened in 1840, originally as the West of London and Westminster Cemetery. Consecrated by Charles James Blomfield, Bishop of London in June 1840, it is one of Britain's oldest and most distinguished garden cemeteries. Some 35,000 monuments, from simple headstones to substantial mausolea, mark more than 205,000 resting places. The site includes large plots for family mausolea, and common graves where coffins are piled deep into the earth. It also has a small columbarium, and a secluded Garden of Remembrance at the northern end for cremated remains. It is also known as an urban haven for nature. It was awarded a National Lottery grant to carry out essential restoration and develop a visitor centre, among other improvements.\nIt is the only cemetery in the country to be owned by the Crown.", "Q85828": "Bruno Diekmann (April 19, 1897 \u2013 January 11, 1982) was a German politician (SPD) from Kiel and Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein (1949\u20131950).\nFrom May 5, 1991 \u2013 May 11, 1992, Diekmann was the oldest former Minister-President of Germany, preceded by Max Seydewitz. He is still the oldest Minister-President of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), succeeded by Werner Bruschke of the GDR. If only Ministers-President of the FRG are counted, he was the oldest since March 27, 1990, preceded by Hans Ehard.", "Q77466": "Arthur Moeller van den Bruck (23 April 1876 \u2013 30 May 1925) was a German cultural historian and writer, best known for his controversial 1923 book Das Dritte Reich (The Third Reich), which promoted German nationalism and was a strong influence on the Conservative Revolutionary movement and later the Nazi Party.\nFrom 1906 to 1922, he also published Elisabeth Kaerrick's first full German translation of Dostoyevsky's works.", "Q433029": "Laura P\u00f5ldvere (formerly Remmel; born 30 August 1988) sometimes known professionally as simply Laura, is an Estonian singer. She is said to be the most played Estonian artist on Estonian radio in the past decade. She is internationally known for representing Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 as part of the girl group Suntribe and did so again in 2017 in a duet with Koit Toome, singing \"Verona.\" They came 6th from the televoting which was not enough to qualify.", "Q67675": "Cevio is the capital of the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. In 2006 Cevio grew by incorporating the villages of Bignasco and Cavergno, previously municipalities in their own right.", "Q962189": "Truman Handy Newberry (November 5, 1864 \u2013 October 3, 1945) was an American businessman and political figure. He served as the Secretary of Navy between 1908 and 1909. He was a Republican U.S. Senator from Michigan between 1919 and 1922.", "Q70309": "Karl Friedrich Anton Hermann 'Charles' Regnier (22 July 1914 \u2013 13 September 2001) was a German actor, director and translator. He appeared in more than 135 films between 1949 and 2000. In the 1950s and the 1960s, he was one of the busiest German theatre and film actors.", "Q792887": "Ayd\u0131n Do\u011fan (born 15 April 1936) is a Turkish billionaire media tycoon, business magnate, entrepreneur, philanthropist, and investor - best known as the founder of Do\u011fan Holding, one of Turkey's largest conglomerates.", "Q68546": "Enges is a municipality in the district of Neuch\u00e2tel in the Swiss canton of Neuch\u00e2tel.", "Q69658": "Waldstatt is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q16254673": "Pamphleteer is a historical term for someone who creates or distributes pamphlets, unbound (and therefore inexpensive) booklets intended for wide circulation.", "Q727782": "Guillaume Thomas Raynal (12 April 1713 \u2013 6 March 1796) was a French writer and man of letters during the Age of Enlightenment.", "Q6585139": "Mystery fiction is a genre of fiction usually involving a mysterious death or a crime to be solved. Often with a closed circle of suspects, each suspect is usually provided with a credible motive and a reasonable opportunity for committing the crime. The central character will often be a detective (like Sherlock Holmes and his assistant John H. Watson) who eventually solves the mystery by logical deduction from facts presented to the reader. Sometimes mystery books are nonfictional. \"Mystery fiction\" can be detective stories in which the emphasis is on the puzzle or suspense element and its logical solution such as a whodunit. Mystery fiction can be contrasted with hardboiled detective stories, which focus on action and gritty realism.\nMystery fiction involve a supernatural mystery where the solution does not have to be logical, and even no crime involved. This usage was common in the pulp magazines of the 1930s and 1940s, where titles such as Dime Mystery, Thrilling Mystery and Spicy Mystery offered what at the time were described as complicated to solve and weird stories\u2014supernatural horror in the vein of Grand Guignol. This contrasted with parallel titles of the same names which contained conventional hardboiled crime fiction. The first use of \"mystery\" in this sense was by Dime Mystery, which started out as an ordinary crime fiction magazine but switched to \"weird menace\" during the later part of 1933.", "Q2337027": "Na\u00efve Records is a French independent record label based in Paris, specializing in electronic music, pop music, jazz and classical music.", "Q333500": "Qian Xuesen, or Hsue-Shen Tsien (Chinese: \u94b1\u5b66\u68ee; 11 December 1911 \u2013 31 October 2009), was a Chinese mathematician, cyberneticist, aerospace engineer, and physicist who made significant contributions to the field of aerodynamics and established engineering cybernetics. Recruited from MIT, he joined Theodore von Karman's group at Caltech. During WWII, he was involved in the Manhattan Project, which ultimately led to the successful development of the first atomic bomb in America. Later on, he would eventually return to China, where he would make important contributions to China's missile and space program.\nDuring the Second Red Scare, in the 1950s, the US federal government accused him of communist sympathies. In 1950, despite protests by his colleagues, he was stripped of his security clearance. He decided to return to China, but he was detained for several years at Terminal Island, near Los Angeles.After spending five years under house arrest, he was released in 1955 in exchange for the repatriation of American pilots who had been captured during the Korean War. He left the United States in September 1955 on the American President Lines passenger liner SS President Cleveland, arriving in China via Hong Kong.Upon his return, he helped lead the Chinese nuclear weapons program. This effort ultimately led to China's first successful atomic bomb test and hydrogen bomb test, making China the fifth nuclear weapons state, and achieving the fastest fission-to-fusion development in history. Additionally, Qian's work led to the development of the Dongfeng ballistic missiles and Long March space rockets. For his contributions, he became known as the \"Father of Chinese Rocketry\", nicknamed the \"King of Rocketry\". He is recognized as one of the founding fathers of Two Bombs, One Satellite.In 1957, Qian was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He served as a Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1987 to 1998.\nHe was the cousin of mechanical engineer Hsue-Chu Tsien, who was involved in the aerospace industries of China and the United States; his nephew is Roger Y. Tsien, the 2008 winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.", "Q717641": "Loren James Shriver (born September 23, 1944) is a former NASA astronaut, aviator, and a retired US Air Force Colonel.", "Q112562": "The Charge of the Light Brigade is a 1968 British DeLuxe Color war film made by Woodfall Film Productions and distributed by United Artists, depicting parts of the Crimean War and the eponymous charge. It was directed by Tony Richardson and produced by Neil Hartley. Its animated credits and linking passages were created by Richard Williams, drawing on the satirical use of jingoistic images.\nThis film followed an earlier version The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936), starring Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland.", "Q375555": "We Came as Romans (abbreviated as WCAR) is an American metalcore band from Detroit, Michigan, United States. Formed in 2005, the band has gone through one name change and multiple lineup changes, and signed to SharpTone Records in 2016. We Came as Romans has released two EPs, Demonstrations (2008) and Dreams (2008), and five full-length albums, To Plant a Seed (2009), Understanding What We've Grown to Be (2011), Tracing Back Roots (2013), We Came as Romans (2015), and Cold Like War (2017).", "Q238327": "Lois Cleveland Chiles (born April 15, 1947) is an American actress and former fashion model known for her roles as Dr. Holly Goodhead in the 1979 James Bond film Moonraker, and as a hit and run driver in 1987's Creepshow 2, as well as such films as The Great Gatsby, The Way We Were, Death on the Nile and Broadcast News.", "Q3157456": "Footballers' Wives (stylised as footballers wive$) is a British television drama surrounding the fictional Premier League football club Earls Park F.C., its players, and their wives. It was broadcast on the ITV network from 8 January 2002 to 14 April 2006. The show initially focuses on three very different couples, but from the third series onward it revolves around a complex love triangle between Tanya Turner (Z\u00f6e Lucker), Amber Gates (Laila Rouass), and Conrad Gates (Ben Price).", "Q165932": "Wolf Blood, also known as Wolfblood: A Tale of the Forest, is a silent 1925 werewolf film starring George Chesebro, who also co-directed it with B-serial veteran Bruce M. Mitchell. The film has been referenced in a number of books as being the first werewolf movie ever made. This however is erroneous; the first werewolf movie is The Werewolf, a film made in 1913. However that film is considered to be lost. Therefore, Wolf Blood could be called the earliest surviving werewolf film. Wolf Blood is available commercially as an extra on a DVD together with F.W. Murnau's The Haunted Castle.\n\n", "Q19220": "Henry Tang Ying-yen, GBM, GBS, JP (Chinese: \u5510\u82f1\u5e74; born 6 September 1952, Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong politician who served as the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong between 2007 and 2011. He held the position of Financial Secretary from 2003 to 2007. In 2012, he lost the Hong Kong Chief Executive Election to Leung Chun-ying.\n\n", "Q2062129": "Talbot \"Tal\" Brody (Hebrew: \u05d8\u05dc \u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9; nicknamed Mr. Basketball; born August 30, 1943) is an American-Israeli former professional basketball player, and current Goodwill Ambassador of Israel, who lives in Israel. Brody was drafted # 12 in the National Basketball Association (NBA) draft, but he chose to pass up an NBA career, to instead play basketball in Israel. He played on national basketball teams of both the United States and Israel, and served in the armies of both countries.\nA New Jersey All Star basketball player in high school, Brody led his team to an undefeated state championship. In college, he was a high-scoring, slick-passing All-American and All-Big Ten point guard in 1965, while playing for the University of Illinois. That year, he was drafted 12th in the NBA draft. Before the NBA season started, he traveled to Israel, where he led the American team to a gold medal in the 1965 Maccabiah Games. Convinced by Moshe Dayan and others, to return to Israel to help elevate the country's basketball team and morale, he passed up his NBA career, to instead play basketball for Maccabi Tel Aviv.\nIn 1977, he led Maccabi Tel Aviv to the FIBA European Champions Cup (now called EuroLeague) championship. Along the way, his team defeated the heavily favored Soviet Red Army team, CSKA Moscow. Brody's famous remark upon beating the Soviets \u2013 \"We are on the map! And we are staying on the map \u2013 not only in sports, but in everything.\" \u2013 became a part of Israeli culture. It has been used for decades, in various contexts, from political speeches, to National Lottery commercials.", "Q507561": "Tony Bullimore (15 January 1939 \u2013 31 July 2018), nicknamed The British Bulldog, was a British businessman and international yachtsman. He is known especially for being rescued on 10 January 1997 during a sailing race after he had been presumed dead.", "Q172309": "Christopher Craft (born 17 November 1939) is a British racing driver who has competed in many different forms of motor sport.\nCraft was born in Porthleven, Cornwall and began his career in 1962, with a Ford Anglia and became recognised as a leading saloon car racer, particularly with the Team Broadpeed Escort which he campaigned from 1968\u201370. Having also previously driven a Tecno in Formula Three, he moved to sports cars from 1968, initially with a Chevron and then joined forces with Alain de Cadenet to drive his Porsche 908 and McLaren M8C. It was this association that led to his participation in two World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, in 1971, driving a Brabham BT33 prepared by Cadenet's team Ecurie Evergreen, but he failed to score a championship point. He did not qualify for his first World Championship race (the 1971 Canadian Grand Prix at Mosport Park) but would have been able to start the race following the withdrawal of two other drivers due to accidents in the raceday warmup sessions. However, his own car suffered engine trouble, denying him the opportunity. His second Grand Prix, at Watkins Glen ended with a suspension failure and tyre problems during the race.Craft continued to compete in many other forms of motor racing, including saloon cars, notably with a Ford Capri; sports cars, including a period with the Dome team in the early 1980s; Formula 3 and Formula 5000. One of the highlights of his career was a third-place finish in the 1976 24 Hours of Le Mans.\nAfter his race career Chris Craft started the Light Car Company with F1 designer Gordon Murray to build the Light Car Company Rocket.", "Q209065": "The Kingdom of Greece (Greek: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 [va\u02c8sili\u0254n \u02c8tis \u025b\u02c8la\u00f0\u0254s]) was a state established in 1832 at the Convention of London by the Great Powers (the United Kingdom, Kingdom of France and the Russian Empire). It was internationally recognised by the Treaty of Constantinople, where it also secured full independence from the Ottoman Empire. This event also marked the birth of the first fully independent Greek state since the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottomans in the mid-15th century.\nThe Kingdom succeeded from the Greek provisional governments after the Greek War of Independence, and lasted until 1924. In 1924 the monarchy was abolished, and the Second Hellenic Republic was established, after Greece's defeat by Turkey in the Asia Minor Campaign. It lasted until 1935, when it was overthrown by a military coup d'\u00e9tat which restored the monarchy. The restored Kingdom of Greece lasted from 1935 to 1973. The Kingdom was again dissolved in the aftermath of the seven-year military dictatorship (1967\u20131974), and the Third Republic, the current Greek state, came to be, after a popular referendum.", "Q16113": "Radolfzell am Bodensee is a town in Germany at the western end of Lake Constance approximately 18 km northwest of Konstanz. It is the third largest town, after Constance and Singen, in the district of Konstanz, in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.\nRadolfzell is a well known health care city (Mettnau) and an important railway junction of the Upper Rhine Railway and the Hegau-Ablach Valley Railway (leading to the Bodenseeg\u00fcrtel Railway). In 1990 Radolfzell was named the Federal Environment Capital City of Germany.\n\n", "Q380133": "Dame Kiri Jeanette Claire Te Kanawa (; born Claire Mary Teresa Rawstron, 6 March 1944) is a New Zealand former opera singer. Her career included a full lyric soprano voice, which has been described as \"mellow yet vibrant, warm, ample and unforced\".Te Kanawa has received accolades in many countries, singing a wide array of works in many languages dating from the 17th to the 20th centuries. She is particularly associated with the works of Mozart, Strauss, Verdi, Handel and Puccini, and has found considerable success in portraying princesses, nobility, and other similar characters on stage.Though she rarely sang opera later in her career, Te Kanawa frequently performed in concert and recital, gave masterclasses, and supported young opera singers in launching their careers. Her final performance was in Ballarat, Australia, in October 2016, but she did not reveal her retirement until September 2017.", "Q187828": "Sasha Roiz (born October 21, 1973) is an Israeli-born Canadian-American actor. He is best known for his portrayals of Sam Adama in the science fiction television series Caprica and Captain Sean Renard in the American dark fantasy television series Grimm.", "Q57629": "Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise of Wied (29 December 1843 \u2013 2 March 1916) was the Queen of Romania as the wife of King Carol I, widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva.\n\n", "Q1382535": "Ivan Alexander Galamian (Armenian: \u053b\u057e\u0561\u0576 \u0542\u0561\u056c\u0561\u0574\u0565\u0561\u0576; February 5 [O.S. January 23] 1903 \u2013 April 14, 1981) was an American violin teacher of the twentieth century.", "Q1395049": "The Christian Democratic Party (Spanish: Partido Dem\u00f3crata Cristiano, PDC) is a Christian democratic political party in Chile, led by Carolina Goic.\nThere have been three Christian Democrat presidents in the past, Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Patricio Aylwin, and Eduardo Frei Montalva.\nCustomarily, the PDC backs specific initiatives in an effort to bridge socialism and laissez-faire capitalism. This economic system has been called \"social capitalism\" and is heavily influenced by Catholic social teaching or, more generally, Christian ethics. In addition to this objective, the PDC also supports a strong national government while remaining more conservative on social issues. However, after Pinochet's military regime ended the PDC embraced more classical economic policies compared to before the dictatorship. The current Secretary-General of the PDC is Gonzalo Duarte. In their latest \"Ideological Congress\", the Christian Democrats criticized Chile's current economic system and called for a shift toward a social market economy (econom\u00eda social de mercado). The PDC often cooperated with centre-left parties until the collapse of the Nueva Mayor\u00eda coalition.", "Q1815925": "Robert Klark Graham (June 9, 1906 \u2013 February 13, 1997) was an American eugenicist and businessman who made millions by developing shatterproof plastic eyeglass lenses and who later founded the Repository for Germinal Choice, a sperm bank for geniuses, in the hope of implementing a eugenics program.Graham created his \"Nobel sperm bank\" in 1980. Initially, his intent was to obtain sperm only from Nobel laureates, but the scarcity of donors and the low viability of their sperm (because of age) forced Graham to develop a looser set of criteria.\nThese criteria were numerous and exacting: for example, sperm recipients were required to be married and to have extremely high IQ, though the bank later relaxed this policy so it could recruit athletes for donors as well as scholars.\nBy 1983, Graham's sperm bank was reputed to have 19 genius repeat donors, including William Bradford Shockley (recipient of the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics and proponent of eugenics) and two anonymous Nobel Prize in Science winners.\nThe bank closed in 1999, two years after the death of its founder. A total of 218 children had been born under its auspices.\nGraham's overriding goals were the genetic betterment of the human population and the nurture of newly conceived geniuses. This was a form of \"positive\" eugenics, meant to increase the number of designated \"fit\" individuals in a population through selective breeding. However, Graham's \"genius sperm bank\" was highly controversial.", "Q10562": "Upper Bavaria (German: Oberbayern, Austro-Bavarian: Obabayern) is one of the seven administrative districts of Bavaria, Germany.\n\n", "Q4084044": "Charles Baird (20 December 1766 \u2013 10 December 1843) was a Scottish engineer who played an important part in the industrial and business life of 19th-century St. Petersburg. His company specialised in steam-driven machinery and was responsible for Russia's first steamboat.", "Q3270870": "Evangelos Marinakis (Greek: \u0395\u03c5\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 (\u0392\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2) \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2, born 30 July 1967) is a Greek shipowner and member of the Piraeus city council. He is the owner of the football clubs Olympiacos in Greece and Nottingham Forest in England.", "Q762341": "Angelo Rules (French: Angelo la D\u00e9brouille) is an animated series produced by TeamTO and Cake Entertainment and directed by Chlo\u00e9 Miller and Franz Kirchner. It is based on the book series Comment Faire Enrager... by Sylvie De Mathuisieulx and Sebastien Diologent. On 29 November 2016, the series was renewed for a fourth season with 52 episodes.", "Q3132345": "Henri de Peyerimhoff (19 September 1871 \u2013 21 July 1953) was a French senior civil servant and then a lobbyist for the coal industry and president of several mining companies. \nHe came from the minor aristocracy of Alsace and was son of a magistrate. At an early age he was made a senior administrator in the Council of State.\nHe became bored with this work, resigned and became head of the colliery owner's association, whose interests he defended against other industries, the unions and the government.\nHe became vice-president of the National Economic Council, and used that position to express his generally conservative views on social and industrial issues.\nHe was in favour of paternalism and industrial cartels, and against state intervention.", "Q684808": "Grigore Vieru (Romanian pronunciation: [\u0261ri\u02c8\u0261ore vi\u02c8eru]; 14 February 1935 \u2013 18 January 2009) was a Moldovan poet and writer. He is mostly known for his poems and books for children. His poetry is characterized by vivid natural scenery, patriotism, as well as a venerated image of the sacred mother. Vieru wrote in the Romanian language.", "Q81509": "Minor Threat was an American hardcore punk band, formed in 1980 in Washington, D.C. by vocalist Ian MacKaye and drummer Jeff Nelson. MacKaye and Nelson had played in several other bands together, and recruited bassist Brian Baker and guitarist Lyle Preslar to form Minor Threat. They added a fifth member, Steve Hansgen, in 1982, playing bass, while Baker switched to second guitar. \nThe band was relatively short-lived, disbanding after only four years together, but had a strong influence on the punk scene, both stylistically and in establishing a \"do it yourself\" ethic for music distribution and concert promotion. Minor Threat's song \"Straight Edge\" became the eventual basis of the straight edge movement, which emphasized a lifestyle without alcohol or other drugs, or promiscuous sex. AllMusic described Minor Threat's music as \"iconic\" and noted that their groundbreaking music \"has held up better than [that of] most of their contemporaries.\"Along with the fellow Washington, D.C. hardcore band Bad Brains and California band Black Flag, Minor Threat set the standard for many hardcore punk bands in the 1980s and 1990s. All of Minor Threat's recordings were released on MacKaye's and Nelson's own label, Dischord Records. The Minor Threat EP and their only full-length studio album Out of Step have received a number of accolades and are cited as landmarks of the hardcore punk genre.", "Q158292": "Kropyvnytskyi (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439, romanized: Kropyvnyc'kyj [krop\u026au\u032f\u02c8n\u026ats\u02b2k\u026aj] (listen); Russian: \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, romanized: Kropivnitskiy), a city in central Ukraine on the Inhul river, functions as the administrative center of the Kirovohrad Oblast. Population: 232 052\u2009(2015 est.).\nOver its history, Kropyvnytskyi has changed its name several times. The settlement was known as Yelisavetgrad (Ukrainian: \u0404\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0434 [j\u025bl\u02b2isav\u02b2\u025bt\u0263rad]) after Empress Elizabeth of Russia (r. 1741\u20131761) from 1752 to 1924, was renamed Zinovyevsk (Ukrainian: \u0417\u0456\u043d\u043e\u0432'\u044d\u0301\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a, [z\u02b2in\u0254v\u025b\u0301vs\u02b2k]) after Bolshevik revolutionary and Politburo member Grigory Zinoviev in 1924, who was born there in 1883. Following the assassination of the First Secretary of the Leningrad City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Sergei Kirov (in office 1926\u20131934), the town was renamed Kirovo (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0406\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e [k\u02b2\u00edr\u0254v\u0254]) in Kirov's honour on 7 December 1934, as did numerous other localities throughout the USSR (including present-day Kirov in Kirov Oblast, Kirovakan, Kirovabad, as well as an uncountable number of Kirovsk, Kirovo, Kirovsky and other derivatives). Concurrently to the creation of the Kirovohrad Oblast on 10 January 1939, and to distinguish it from the Kirov Oblast in central Russia, Kirovo was renamed Kirovohrad (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0456\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0434 [kirowo\u02c8\u0266r\u0251d]; Russian: \u041a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0434, romanized: Kirovograd), a name it maintained until 2016. Due to decommunization the name of the city was changed to Kropyvnytskyi, after writer, actor and playwright Marko Kropyvnytskyi, who was born near the city. However the Kirovohrad Oblast was not renamed because as it is mentioned in the Constitution of Ukraine, and the Oblast can only be renamed by a constitutional amendment.The city is the birthplace of noted figures such as Grigory Zinoviev, Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Arseny Tarkovsky, African Spir, Marko Kropyvnytskyi and others.\n\n", "Q35912": "Emmanuelle Grey Rossum (born September 12, 1986) is an American actress, television director, and singer-songwriter. She is known for her portrayal of Fiona Gallagher in the television series Shameless. Her role in Mystic River (2003) initially brought her recognition. She starred in the science-fiction film The Day After Tomorrow (2004) and received critical acclaim for her performance in the leading role of Christine Daa\u00e9 in the film adaptation of The Phantom of the Opera (2004).\nIn 2007, Rossum released her debut album, Inside Out. She also released a Christmas EP the same year, titled Carol of the Bells. In 2013, she released a follow-up album called Sentimental Journey.", "Q244165": "Artsakh, officially the Republic of Artsakh (; Armenian: \u0531\u0580\u0581\u0561\u056d\u056b \u0540\u0561\u0576\u0580\u0561\u057a\u0565\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576, Artsakhi Hanrapetut'yun) or the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (), is a breakaway de facto state in the South Caucasus that is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan. The region is currently populated mostly by Armenians and the primary spoken language is Armenian. Artsakh controls most of the territory of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast and some of the surrounding area, giving it a border with Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. Its capital is Stepanakert.\nThe predominantly Armenian-populated region of Nagorno-Karabakh was claimed by both the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the First Republic of Armenia when both countries became independent in 1918 after the fall of the Russian Empire, and a brief war over Nagorno-Karabakh broke out in 1920. The dispute was largely shelved after the Soviet Union established control over the area and created the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) within the Azerbaijan SSR in 1923. During the fall of the Soviet Union, the region re-emerged as a source of dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan. In 1991, a referendum held in the NKAO and the neighbouring Shahumian region resulted in a declaration of independence based on its right of self-determination. A large-scale ethnic conflict led to the 1991\u20131994 Nagorno-Karabakh War, which ended with a ceasefire.\nArtsakh is a presidential democracy (in the middle of transforming from a semi-presidential democracy after a 2017 referendum) with a unicameral legislature. Some have said that its reliance on Armenia means that, in many ways, it functions de facto as part of Armenia.The country is very mountainous, averaging 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) above sea level. The population is overwhelmingly Christian, most being affiliated with the Armenian Apostolic Church. Several historical monasteries are popular with tourists, mostly from the Armenian diaspora, as most travel can take place only between Armenia and Artsakh.", "Q182788": "Newton Leroy Gingrich (; born June 17, 1943) is an American politician, author, and historian who served as the 50th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. A member of the Republican Party, he was the U.S. Representative for Georgia's 6th congressional district serving north Atlanta and nearby areas from 1979 until his resignation in 1999. In 2012, Gingrich was a candidate for the presidential nomination of his party.\nA professor of history and geography at the University of West Georgia in the 1970s, Gingrich won election to the U.S. House of Representatives in November 1978, the first Republican in the history of Georgia's 6th congressional district to do so. He served as House Minority Whip from 1989 to 1995. A co-author and architect of the \"Contract with America\", Gingrich was a major leader in the Republican victory in the 1994 congressional election. In 1995, Time named him \"Man of the Year\" for \"his role in ending the four-decades-long Democratic majority in the House\".As House Speaker, Gingrich oversaw passage by the House of welfare reform and a capital gains tax cut in 1997. Gingrich played a key role in several government shutdowns, and impeached President Clinton on a party-line vote in the House. The poor showing by Republicans in the 1998 Congressional elections, a reprimand from the House for Gingrich's ethics violation, pressure from Republican colleagues, and revelations of an extramarital affair with a congressional employee 23 years his junior resulted in Gingrich's resignation from the speakership on November 6, 1998. He resigned altogether from the House on January 3, 1999.Political scientists have credited Gingrich with playing a key role in undermining political decorum in the United States, and hastening political polarization and partisanship.Since leaving the House, Gingrich has remained active in public policy debates and worked as a political consultant. He founded and chaired several policy think tanks, including American Solutions for Winning the Future and the Center for Health Transformation. He ran for the Republican nomination in the 2012 presidential election, but ultimately endorsed front runner Mitt Romney, who won the nomination.", "Q80617": "My Friends (Italian: Amici miei) is a 1975 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Mario Monicelli.The film project belonged to Pietro Germi, who had no chance to make it happen because of his untimely death. The opening credits of the film, in fact, paid tribute to the author with the words \"a film by Pietro Germi\" which is followed only later by \"directed by Mario Monicelli\".\nThe film, which made it to number one on the Italian box-office in front of Steven Spielberg's Jaws, was followed by two sequels, Amici miei Atto II (1982, also by Monicelli), Amici miei Atto III (1985), directed by Nanni Loy.", "Q98058": "Heinrich Matthias Konen (16 September 1874 in Cologne \u2013 31 December 1948 in Bad Godesberg) was a German physicist who specialized in spectroscopy. He was a founder and organizer of the Emergency Association of German Science, and he was a member of the \"Senate\" of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, the Reich Physical and Technical Institute, and the Reich Chemical and Technical Institute. When he was forced out of academia in 1933 due to his opposition to National Socialism, he became an advisor in the industrial sector, especially the Troisdorf Works. After World War II, Konen became rector of University of Bonn and then headed the Culture Ministry of North Rhine-Westphalia.", "Q2972544": "The Montrouge cemetery is a cemetery belonging to the town of Montrouge, but geographically located in the south of the 14th arrondissement of Paris, bordering the boulevard p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique.\nWhile the most visited grave is that of Coluche, there are many other graves of interest and a crypt.", "Q1036028": "Aoyama Cemetery (\u9752\u5c71\u970a\u5712, Aoyama reien) is a cemetery in Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo, Japan, managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. The cemetery is also famous for its cherry blossoms, and at the season of hanami, which many people would visit.", "Q150816": "Emiliano Gonz\u00e1lez Navero (June 16, 1861 \u2013 October 18, 1934) was Paraguayan politician of the Liberal Party, he served as President of Paraguay on three occasions and as Vice President of Paraguay on two occasions.", "Q1672431": "Russell Audley Ferdinand \"Russ\" Henderson (7 January 1924 \u2013 18 August 2015) was a jazz musician on the piano and the steelpan. Originally from Trinidad and Tobago, he settled in England in the 1950s. He is most widely recognised as one of the founding figures of the Notting Hill Carnival in London, United Kingdom.", "Q513514": "Honor\u00e9 Mercier (October 15, 1840 \u2013 October 30, 1894) was a lawyer, journalist and politician in Quebec, Canada. He was the ninth Premier of Quebec from January 27, 1887 to December 21, 1891, as leader of the Parti National or Quebec Liberal Party (PLQ). He rose to power by mobilizing the Francophone opposition to the execution of Louis Riel, denouncing it as a betrayal by John A. Macdonald's Conservative government.", "Q2209724": "Robert Tait McKenzie (sometimes written MacKenzie; May 26, 1867 \u2013 April 28, 1938) was a Canadian physician, educator, sculptor, athlete, soldier and Scouter. Born in Ramsay Township, Lanark County, Ontario, Canada, he attended McGill University in Montreal as an undergraduate and medical student, and was an instructor in its medical school beginning in 1894. In 1904, he moved to the United States to teach at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In the 1930s, he returned to the county of his birth, retiring to the Mill of Kintail in Almonte.\nHe pioneered physical fitness programs in Canada. During World War I, his methods and inventions for restoring and rehabilitating wounded soldiers laid a foundation for modern physiotherapy practices.", "Q171600": "Eleven Men Out (Icelandic: Str\u00e1karnir okkar pronunciation ) is comedy-drama directed by R\u00f3bert Ingi Douglas. The film participated in the Toronto International Film Festival (2005), the Berlin International Film Festival (2006), and the Hawaii International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q90404": "Gabriele Heinisch-Hosek (born 16 December 1961) is an Austrian politician. She served as minister without portfolio between 2 December 2008 and 16 December 2013. In addition, she was the federal minister for women and civil service within the Federal Chancellery between 18 December 2008 and 18 May 2016.\n\n", "Q64585": "Vals (locally pronounced [\u02c8vals]) is a village and a municipality in the Surselva Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2015 the former municipality of St. Martin merged into the municipality of Vals.", "Q171166": "Juan Antonio Samaranch y Torell\u00f3, 1st Marquess of Samaranch (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8an \u0259n\u02c8t\u0254ni(.u) s\u0259m\u0259\u02c8\u027ea\u014b]; 17 July 1920 \u2013 21 April 2010) was a Spanish sports administrator and minister of sports under the Franco regime (1973\u20131977) who served as the seventh President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from 1980 to 2001. Samaranch served the second-longest term as the head of the IOC, the longest being that of Pierre de Coubertin (29 years).", "Q316151": "Old Surehand (German: Old Surehand 1. Teil, also known as Flaming Frontier) is a 1965 West German Western film starring Stewart Granger, Pierre Brice and Letitia Roman. The film is based on a novel by Karl May.\nIt was shot at the Spandau Studios and on location in Yugoslavia, including around Rijeka on the Adriatic. The film's sets were designed by the art director Vladimir Tadej.\nIt made $1,587,777 in Spain.", "Q138200": "Samuel McDowell Moore (February 9, 1796 \u2013 September 17, 1875) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia, son of Andrew Moore.", "Q979436": "Adriana Vargas (born in Bogot\u00e1) is a Colombian journalist and news presenter for New York's WXTV Univision 41 Nueva York.\nVargas majored in Social Communication from Pontifical Xavierian University in 1998, but she debuted in journalism two years before with a small production company. Later she presented several cultural shows for state-run Se\u00f1al Colombia, and joined Manuel Teodoro to co-host the Caracol TV newsmagazine S\u00e9ptimo d\u00eda.\nFollowing S\u00e9ptimo d\u00eda's cancellation in 2000, Vargas joined rival network RCN TV, where she presented the Noticias RCN news show, acted as its international editor, and hosted the nightly opinion newsmagazine La noche (January 2002 - December 2004).\nIn 2005 she participated in Caracol Radio's morning news show Hoy por hoy and hosted and directed the Noticiero del mediod\u00eda. She also co-hosted Noticiero CM& at evenings. In 2006 she returned to RCN TV.\nIn 2010, Adriana Vargas joined President Juan Manuel Santos' team as his spokeswoman and International Media Director. After one year, Vargas joined the Univision O&O station serving the New York Tri-State area, WXTV channel 41 and currently anchors the 6 pm (\"Noticias Univision 41 A las Seis\") and 11 pm (\"Noticias Univision 41 Solo a las Once\") newscasts.", "Q441520": "Diane Birch (born January 24, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Q213983": "Friedrich Schorr (September 2, 1888 \u2013 August 14, 1953), was a renowned Austrian-Hungarian bass-baritone opera singer of Jewish origin. He later became a naturalized American.\nSchorr is recognized as the greatest Wagnerian bass-baritone of his generation, arguably of the entire 20th century, and was particularly famous for his profound portrayals of Wotan in Der Ring des Nibelungen and Hans Sachs in Die Meistersinger von N\u00fcrnberg. He was celebrated, too, for his appearances as Don Pizarro in Beethoven's Fidelio.\nHis voice was powerful, steady, and rich-toned, with a beautiful mezza voce. He placed a special emphasis on maintaining a smooth, legato line in his singing, with no trace of Sprechgesang. Towards the end of Schorr's career, his extreme top notes became somewhat 'wooden', however, as the result of many years of strenuous usage.", "Q80171": "Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University (Vasyl' Stus DonNU) (Ukrainian: \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044f \u0421\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430, Donets\u2019kyi Natsional\u2019nyi Universytet; Russian: \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044f \u0421\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 ) one of the leading higher educational institutions of Ukraine. The University's history starts in 1937 from the moment of creation of a pedagogical institute in Donetsk (then Stalino). In 1965, the Institute was transformed into Donetsk State University. It was accorded the National status in 2000.\nIn 2014, due to the War in Donbass, a number of teachers and students left Donetsk and subsequently reestablished the university as Vasyl' Stus Donetsk National University in Vinnytsia. At the same time, the majority of teachers and students remained in Donetsk, therefore splitting the university in two.", "Q1093480": "CMC International was an American independent record label founded by Tom Lipsky in 1991, focused mainly on classic rock, and classic heavy metal. The label was the haven of many hard rock, arena rock, glam metal and AOR artists in the period when all the majors were investing all their financial efforts on grunge and alternative rock acts. In 1995 CMC started a partnership with BMG Entertainment, which in 1999 owned the majority of the company, with founder Tom Lipsky holding a minority stake. \nCMC International became a division of Sanctuary Records Group in 2000, with Lipsky becoming president of Sanctuary Records North America. After Universal Music Group acquired Sanctuary in 2007, CMC International ceased to exist. However, due to conditions imposed by the European Commission following UMG's 2012 acquisition of EMI, it sold Sanctuary to BMG Rights Management in 2013 for over \u20ac46 million ($71.875 million). Since then, Sanctuary has been distributed globally by Warner Music Group through its ADA division.Tom Lipsky is currently working as president of Roadrunner Records' Loud & Proud division, managing classic rock bands and artists.", "Q1498722": "Sweyn the Crusader (Danish: Svend Korsfarer; c. 1050 \u2013 1097) was a Danish crusader.\nSweyn was born in Denmark, a son of the Danish king Sweyn Estridsen, and husband of Florine of Burgundy. He is famous for his participation in the First Crusade, which he primarily spent fighting the Turks. On his way to Jerusalem in 1097, he and 1,500 other Danish knights were attacked by the Turks. The Danes lost the battle, and Sweyn the Crusader with his wife Florine of Burgundy was killed.", "Q111692": "Kurt Faltlhauser (born 14 September 1940 in Munich) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nHe was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria between 1974 and 1980 and 1998 and 2008. He was from 1994 to 1995 Parliamentary Secretary to the Federal Minister of Finance, from 1995 to 1998 Bavarian State Minister and Head of the State Chancellery and from 1998 to 2007 Bavarian State Minister of Finance.", "Q100947": "Gabor Steingart (born 1962 in Berlin) is a German journalist and the author of several popular and influential books. He was the chief editor of Handelsblatt from 2010 - 2018. In 2018, he founded his own media company that issues news, commentaries, and interviews.\nSteingart indicates that \"freedom of expression is not a gift but an obligation. The problem are not the critical journalists but the harmless ones.\"", "Q99420": "Heinrich B\u00fcnting (1545 \u2013 1606) was a Protestant pastor and theologian. He is best known for his book of woodcut maps titled Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae (Travel book through Holy Scripture) first published in 1581.", "Q587361": "Frederick Jay Rubin (; born March 10, 1963) is an American record producer and former co-president of Columbia Records. Along with Russell Simmons, he is the co-founder of Def Jam Recordings and also established American Recordings. With the Beastie Boys, LL Cool J, Public Enemy, Geto Boys, and Run-DMC, Rubin helped popularize hip hop music. Rubin has also worked with artists from other genres such as Adele, Linkin Park, AC/DC, Kanye West, Johnny Cash, The Avett Brothers, Tom Petty, Justin Timberlake, Metallica, Slayer, System of A Down, Rage Against The Machine, Red Hot Chili Peppers, The Strokes, Limp Bizkit, and Slipknot amongst others.\nIn 2007, MTV called him \"the most important producer of the last 20 years\", and the same year Rubin appeared on Time's 100 Most Influential People in the World.", "Q55758": "Aleksander Kwa\u015bniewski (Polish pronunciation: [al\u025b\u02c8ksand\u025br kfa\u0255\u02c8\u0272\u025bfsk\u02b2i] (listen); born 15 November 1954) is a Polish politician and journalist. He served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Bia\u0142ogard, and during Communist rule, he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the Communist government during the 1980s. After the fall of Communism, he became a leader of the left-wing Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland, a successor to the former ruling Polish United Workers' Party, and a co-founder of the Democratic Left Alliance.\nKwa\u015bniewski was elected to the presidency in 1995, defeating the incumbent, Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa. He was re-elected to a second and final term as president in 2000 in a decisive first-round victory. Although he was praised for attempting to further integrate Poland into the European Union, he faced criticism for involving the country in the Iraq War. His term ended on 23 December 2005, when he handed over power to his elected successor, conservative Lech Kaczy\u0144ski.", "Q3594013": "\u014ce Taku (\u5927\u6c5f \u5353, November 2, 1847 \u2013 September 21, 1921) was a samurai, bureaucrat, politician, entrepreneur and social activist in the late Meiji and Taish\u014d period Empire of Japan. He is noted as one of the more progressive figures of the early Meiji period, although his record is complex. His wife was the younger daughter of Got\u014d Sh\u014djir\u014d.", "Q369785": "Andr\u00e9 Marty (6 November 1886 \u2013 23 November 1956) was a leading figure in the French Communist Party (PCF) for nearly thirty years. He was also a member of the National Assembly, with some interruptions, from 1924 to 1955; Secretary of Comintern from 1935 to 1944; and Political Commissar of the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1938.", "Q701802": "Iakovos Kambanellis (Greek: \u0399\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2; 2 December 1921 \u2013 29 March 2011) was a Greek poet, playwright, screenwriter, lyricist, and novelist.", "Q239818": "Tuesday Weld (born Susan Ker Weld; August 27, 1943) is a retired American actress. She began acting as a child and progressed to mature roles in the late 1950s. She won a Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Female Newcomer in 1960. Over the following decade, she established a career playing dramatic roles in films.\nHer work, often as a featured performer in supporting roles, was acknowledged with nominations for a Golden Globe Award for Play It as It Lays (1972), a nomination for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977), an Emmy Award for The Winter of Our Discontent (1983), and a BAFTA for Once Upon a Time in America (1984). Since the late 1980s, her acting appearances have been infrequent.", "Q389117": "Ahmad Batebi (Persian: \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u200e; born July 25, 1977) is an Iranian activist who was designated a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International. During his studies at the University of Tehran he gained international fame for his appearance on the July 17, 1999, cover of The Economist magazine, holding up a shirt splattered with the blood of a fellow protester.The photo, which has been called \"an icon for Iran's student reform movement\", was taken during the Iranian Student Protests in July 1999 in Tehran. Following its publishing, Batebi was arrested, tried in closed-door proceedings, found guilty of \"creating street unrest\", and sentenced to death.\nThis was reduced to 15 years after domestic and international outcry. Less well-known are persistent reports of torture and ill-treatment of Batebi in prison, and his resulting poor physical and mental health. While temporarily released from prison to receive medical attention, Batebi was assisted by the KDPI, to flee Iran for Iraq. He finally entered the United States on June 24, 2008, on humanitarian parole. He was then granted asylum status by the United States government.", "Q7895273": "The University of Cincinnati College of Law, a top 100(83nd 2021) law school in the U.S., was founded in 1833 as the Cincinnati Law School. It is the fourth oldest continuously running law school in the United States and a founding member of the Association of American Law Schools. Then-dean and future 27th President of the United States, William Howard Taft (1880), merged it with the University of Cincinnati in 1896.\n\nUC Law offers a JD program as well as an LLM (Master of Laws) in the US Legal System for international attorneys. Graduate certificates in US Law are also available.\nU.S. News & World Report, listed Cincinnati's tax law program as 63nd in the nation in 2021.", "Q313029": "Thomas Cunningham Thayer (born November 7, 1960) is an American musician and songwriter. He is the lead guitarist for the American hard rock band Kiss, and was lead guitarist for the band Black 'n Blue.\n\n", "Q4848556": "Baine Perkins Kerr (August 24, 1919 \u2013 May 20, 2008) was a prominent Houston lawyer who was a partner in the law firm of Baker and Botts, where he managed the corporate law department, before he joined Pennzoil.", "Q662355": "The Kunstakademie D\u00fcsseldorf is the Arts Academy of the city of D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. Notable artists who attended the academy include Joseph Beuys, Gerhard Richter, Gotthard Graubner, Ruth Rogers-Altmann, Sigmar Polke, Anselm Kiefer and photographers Thomas Ruff, Thomas Demand, Thomas Struth, Andreas Gursky and Candida H\u00f6fer. In the stairway of its main entrance, are engraved the Words: \"F\u00fcr unsere Studenten nur das Beste\" (\"For our Students only the Best\").", "Q1591712": "Harold Franklin Hawkins (December 22, 1921 \u2013 March 5, 1963), better known as Hawkshaw Hawkins, was an American country music singer popular from the 1950s into the early 1960s known for his rich, smooth vocals and music drawn from blues, boogie and honky tonk. At 6 ft 5 inches tall, he had an imposing stage presence, and he dressed more conservatively than some other male country singers. Hawkins died in the 1963 plane crash that also killed country stars Patsy Cline and Cowboy Copas. He was a member of the Grand Ole Opry and was married to country star Jean Shepard.", "Q1862213": "Trey Lorenz (born Lloyd Lorenz Smith; January 19, 1969) is an American R&B singer-songwriter and record producer. He was born in Florence, South Carolina and is a graduate of Wilson High School. Lorenz is best known for his duet with recording artist Mariah Carey on \"I'll Be There,\" a cover of the 1970 number-one Jackson 5 recording of the same name. The record topped the US Billboard Hot 100 and R&B singles chart a second time in 1992 and earned Lorenz and Carey both a Grammy Award nomination for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. They would later perform the song again at the funeral of Michael Jackson on July 7, 2009.\n\n", "Q455555": "Anatomy 2 (German: Anatomie 2) is a 2003 German thriller film written and directed by Stefan Ruzowitzky. It is the sequel to the 2000 film Anatomy, that starred Franka Potente. The story moves to Berlin for this film.", "Q391980": "The Free Territory of Trieste (Italian: Territorio libero di Trieste; Slovene: Svobodno tr\u017ea\u0161ko ozemlje; Serbo-Croatian: Slobodni teritorij Trsta/\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458 \u0422\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0430) was an independent territory situated in Central Europe between northern Italy and Yugoslavia, facing the north part of the Adriatic Sea, under direct responsibility of the United Nations Security Council in the aftermath of World War II.\n\nThe Free Territory was established on 10 February 1947 by a protocol of the Treaty of Peace with Italy in order to accommodate an ethnically and culturally mixed population in a neutral independent country. The intention was also to cool down territorial claims between Italy and Yugoslavia, due to its strategic importance for trade with Central Europe. It came into existence on 15 September 1947. Its administration was divided into two areas: one being the port city of Trieste with a narrow coastal strip to the north west (Zone A); the other (Zone B) was formed by a small portion of the north-western part of the Istrian peninsula.\nThe Free Territory was dissolved de facto and given to its two neighbours (Italy and Yugoslavia) in 1954. This was formalized much later by the bilateral Treaty of Osimo of 1975, ratified in 1977.", "Q312337": "Jeremy Davies (born Jeremy Boring; October 8, 1969) is an American film and television actor. He won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series in 2012 for his portrayal of Dickie Bennett in the FX series Justified.\nDavies received the BAFTA Award for Best Performance in a Video Game for his role as Norse god Baldur in God of War. He also played Corporal Upham in Saving Private Ryan and Daniel Faraday on the ABC series Lost.", "Q4114325": "Jack Du Brul (born October 15, 1968 in Burlington, Vermont) is an American author who writes techno-thriller novels.", "Q19546": "The pope (Latin: papa from Greek: \u03c0\u03ac\u03c0\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2 pappas, \"father\"), also known as the supreme pontiff (Pontifex Maximus), or the Roman pontiff (Romanus Pontifex), is the bishop of Rome, head of the worldwide Catholic Church, and head of state or sovereign of the Vatican City State. Since 1929, the pope has official residence in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican City, a city-state enclaved within Rome, Italy. The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013, succeeding Benedict XVI.While his office is called the papacy, the jurisdiction of the episcopal see is called the Holy See. It is the Holy See that is the sovereign entity by international law headquartered in the distinctively independent Vatican City State, established by the Lateran Treaty in 1929 between Italy and the Holy See to ensure its temporal, diplomatic, and spiritual independence. The Holy See is recognized by its adherence at various levels to international organization and by means f its diplomatic relations and political accords with many independent states. The primacy of the bishop of Rome is largely derived from his role as the apostolic successor to Saint Peter, to whom primacy was conferred by Jesus, giving him the Keys of Heaven and the powers of \"binding and loosing\", naming him as the \"rock\" upon which the church would be built.\nAccording to Catholic tradition, the apostolic see of Rome was founded by Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the 1st century. The papacy is one of the most enduring institutions in the world and has had a prominent part in world history. In ancient times the popes helped spread Christianity, and intervened to find resolutions in various doctrinal disputes. In the Middle Ages, they played a role of secular importance in Western Europe, often acting as arbitrators between Christian monarchs. Currently, in addition to the expansion of the Christian faith and doctrine, the popes are involved in ecumenism and interfaith dialogue, charitable work, and the defense of human rights.In some periods of history, the papacy, which originally had no temporal powers, accrued wide secular powers rivaling those of temporal rulers. However, in recent centuries the temporal authority of the papacy has declined and the office is now almost exclusively focused on religious matters. By contrast, papal claims of spiritual authority have been increasingly firmly expressed over time, culminating in 1870 with the proclamation of the dogma of papal infallibility for rare occasions when the pope speaks ex cathedra\u2014literally \"from the chair (of Saint Peter)\"\u2014to issue a formal definition of faith or morals. Still, the pope is considered one of the world's most powerful people because of his extensive diplomatic, cultural, and spiritual influence on 1.3 billion Catholics and beyond, and because he heads the world's largest non-government provider of education and health care, with a vast network of charities.\n\n", "Q1552981": "The National University of Oil and Gas \u00abGubkin University\u00bb (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0418. \u041c. \u0413\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430) is a university in Moscow. The university was founded on 17 April 1930 and is named after the geologist Ivan Gubkin. The university is affectionally known as Kerosinka (Russian: \u041a\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430), meaning \"kerosene stove\".\nDuring the Soviet period, the university, along with the Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, was known for admitting students of Jewish origin while other universities unofficially barred Jewish students.\nAffiliates of the Gubkin institute exist in Orenburg, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan and Tashkent, Uzbekistan.", "Q103296": "Kurt Pinthus (identified sometimes by his pseudonym as Paulus Potter: 29 April 1886 \u2013 11 July 1975) was a German author, journalist, critic and commentator.", "Q230196": "Eddi-Rue McClanahan (February 21, 1934 \u2013 June 3, 2010) was an American actress and comedian best known for her roles on television as Vivian Harmon on Maude (1972\u201378), Aunt Fran Crowley on Mama's Family (1983\u201384), and Blanche Devereaux on The Golden Girls (1985\u201392), for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 1987.\n\n", "Q92561": "London, (pronounced ) is a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada, along the Quebec City\u2013Windsor Corridor. The city had a population of 383,822 according to the 2016 Canadian census. London is at the confluence of the Thames River, approximately 200 km (120 mi) from both Toronto and Detroit; and about 230 km (140 mi) from Buffalo, New York. The city of London is a separated municipality, politically separate from Middlesex County, though it remains the county seat.\nLondon and the Thames were named in 1793 by John Graves Simcoe, who proposed the site for the capital city of Upper Canada. The first European settlement was between 1801 and 1804 by Peter Hagerman. The village was founded in 1826 and incorporated in 1855. Since then, London has grown to be the largest southwestern Ontario municipality and Canada's 11th largest metropolitan area, having annexed many of the smaller communities that surrounded it.\nLondon is a regional centre of healthcare and education, being home to the University of Western Ontario (which brands itself \"Western University\"), Fanshawe College, and several hospitals (including a University Hospital). The city hosts a number of musical and artistic exhibits and festivals, which contribute to its tourism industry, but its economic activity is centred on education, medical research, insurance, and information technology. London's university and hospitals are among its top ten employers. London lies at the junction of Highway 401 and 402, connecting it to Toronto, Windsor and Sarnia. It also has an international airport and train and bus stations.", "Q2822373": "The Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna (\"academy of fine arts of Bologna\") is a public tertiary academy of fine art in Bologna, in Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy. It has a campus in Cesena.\nGiorgio Morandi taught engraving at the Accademia for more than 25 years.", "Q701816": "Wei\u00dfkugel (German pronunciation: [\u02c8va\u026a\u032fs\u02ccku\u02d0\u0261l\u0329] (listen); Italian: Palla Bianca) or Wei\u00dfkogel is the second highest mountain in the \u00d6tztal Alps and the third highest mountain in Austria. Featuring many glaciers, it lies on the border between Austria and Italy. The easiest way to climb it is over its southern side.\nThe ascent by Joseph Anton Specht from Vienna, guided by Leander and Nicodem Klotz from Vent in 1861, was and is usually considered the first. However, personal notes of Archduke John of Austria about his excursion over the Niederjoch from Vent to Schnals in the summer of 1846, made public in 1903, suggest that his guides, Johann Gurschler and Josef Weitthalm from Schnals, had climbed the mountain the previous summer.According to the second ascensionist, Douglas Freshfield, it has one of the best views in the Tyrol. Though not easily picked out among the mountains, its peak can be seen from Venice.", "Q689486": "Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kotelnikov (Russian \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, scientific transliteration Vladimir Alexandrovi\u010d Kotelnikov, 6 September 1908 in Kazan \u2013 11 February 2005 in Moscow) was an information theory and radar astronomy pioneer from the Soviet Union. He was elected a member of the Russian Academy of Science, in the Department of Technical Science (radio technology) in 1953. From 30 July 1973 to 25 March 1980 Kotelnikov served as Chairman of the RSFSR Supreme Council.", "Q246000": "Saint Eulogius of C\u00f3rdoba (Spanish: San Eulogio de C\u00f3rdoba (died March 11, 857) was one of the Martyrs of C\u00f3rdoba. He flourished during the reigns of the Cordovan emirs Abd-er-Rahman II and Muhammad I (mid-9th century).", "Q79": "Egypt ( (listen) EE-jipt; Arabic: \u0645\u0650\u0635\u0631\u200e Mi\u1e63r), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip (Palestine) and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, across the Red Sea lies Saudi Arabia, and across the Mediterranean lie Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, although none share a land border with Egypt.\nEgypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 6th\u20134th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest. Egypt's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, which has endured, and often assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman Turkish, and Nubian. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, but was largely Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country, albeit with a significant Christian minority.\nFrom the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century, Egypt was ruled by foreign imperial powers: The Ottoman Empire and the British Empire. Modern Egypt dates back to 1922, when it gained nominal independence from the British Empire as a monarchy. However, British military occupation of Egypt continued, and many Egyptians believed that the monarchy was an instrument of British colonialism. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt expelled British soldiers and bureaucrats and ended British occupation, nationalized the British-held Suez Canal, exiled King Farouk and his family, and declared itself a republic. In 1958 it merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic, which dissolved in 1961. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, Egypt endured social and religious strife and political instability, fighting several armed conflicts with Israel in 1948, 1956, 1967 and 1973, and occupying the Gaza Strip intermittently until 1967. In 1978, Egypt signed the Camp David Accords, officially withdrawing from the Gaza Strip and recognising Israel. The country continues to face challenges, from political unrest, including the recent 2011 revolution and its aftermath, to terrorism and economic underdevelopment. Egypt's current government is a semi-presidential republic headed by President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, which has been described by a number of watchdogs as authoritarian.\nIslam is the official religion of Egypt and Arabic is its official language. With over 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Arab world, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the thirteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.\nEgypt is considered to be a regional power in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world, and a middle power worldwide. With one of the largest and most diversified economies in the Middle East, which is projected to become one of the largest in the world in the 21st century, Egypt has the third-largest economy in Africa, the world's 40th-largest economy by nominal GDP, and the 19-largest by PPP. Egypt is a founding member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Arab League, the African Union, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.", "Q770037": "Pierre Berg\u00e9 (French: [pj\u025b\u02d0\u0281 b\u025b\u0281\u0292e]; 14 November 1930 \u2013 8 September 2017) was a French industrialist and patron. He co-founded the fashion label Yves Saint Laurent, and was a longtime business partner (and onetime life partner) of the eponymous designer.", "Q228901": "Pamela Lyndon Travers, (; born Helen Lyndon Goff; 9 August 1899 \u2013 23 April 1996), was an Australian-English writer who spent most of her career in England. She is best known for the Mary Poppins series of children's books, which feature the magical nanny Mary Poppins.\nGoff was born in Maryborough, Queensland, and grew up in the Australian bush before being sent to boarding school in Sydney. Her writing was first published as a teenager, and she also worked briefly as a professional Shakespearean actress. Upon emigrating to England at the age of 25, she took the name Pamela Lyndon Travers and adopted the pen name P. L. Travers in 1933, while writing the first of eight Mary Poppins books.\nTravers travelled to New York City during World War II while working for the British Ministry of Information. At that time, Walt Disney contacted her about selling to Walt Disney Productions the rights for a film adaptation of Mary Poppins. After years of contact, which included visits to Travers at her home in London, Walt Disney did obtain the rights and the film Mary Poppins premiered in 1964. In 2004, a stage musical adaptation of the books and the film opened in the West End; it premiered on Broadway in 2006. A film based on Disney's efforts to persuade Travers to sell him the Mary Poppins film rights was released in 2013, Saving Mr. Banks, in which Travers is portrayed by Emma Thompson. In a 2018 sequel to the original Mary Poppins film, Mary Poppins Returns, Mary Poppins, played by Emily Blunt, returns to help the Banks family once again.", "Q879350": "Bjarne Fog Corydon (born 1 March 1973) is a Danish former politician, who held office as a member of the Social Democrats. He served as Finance Minister of Denmark in the Cabinet of Helle Thorning-Schmidt from 2011 to 2015.From 2016 to 2018, Corydon worked for the management consulting company McKinsey & Co, and he was in 2018 appointed new CEO and Editor-in-Chief of Dagbladet B\u00f8rsen, a Danish newspaper specialising in business news published in Denmark.", "Q4430": "Cleopatra is a 1963 American epic historical drama film directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, with a screenplay adapted by Mankiewicz, Ranald MacDougall and Sidney Buchman from the book The Life and Times of Cleopatra by Carlo Maria Franzero, and from histories by Plutarch, Suetonius, and Appian. It stars Elizabeth Taylor in the eponymous role. Richard Burton, Rex Harrison, Roddy McDowall, and Martin Landau are featured in supporting roles. It chronicles the struggles of Cleopatra, the young Queen of Egypt, to resist the imperial ambitions of Rome.\nThe film achieved notoriety during its production for its massive cost overruns and production troubles, which included changes in director and cast, a change of filming locale, sets that had to be constructed twice, lack of a firm shooting script, and personal scandal around co-stars Taylor and Burton. It was the most expensive film ever made up to that point and almost bankrupted 20th Century Fox.\nCleopatra was the highest-grossing film of 1963, earning box-office of $57.7 million in the United States and Canada, and one of the highest-grossing films of the decade at a worldwide level. However, it initially lost money due to its production and marketing costs of $44 million. It received nine nominations at the 36th Academy Awards, including for Best Picture, and won four: Best Art Direction (Color), Best Cinematography (Color), Best Visual Effects and Best Costume Design (Color).\n\n", "Q271874": "Tamia Marilyn Washington Hill (born May 9, 1975) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, producer, and actress. Born and raised in Windsor, Ontario, Tamia performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child. In 1994, after signing a development deal with Warner Bros. Records, she was asked by veteran producer Quincy Jones to appear on his album Q's Jook Joint (1995), earning her Grammy Award nominations for their collaboration on \"You Put a Move on My Heart\" and \"Slow Jams.\" Her self-titled debut album was released in 1998 and followed by a series of successful albums with Elektra Records, including A Nu Day (2000) and More (2004). Several songs from these albums became hit singles on the pop and R&B record charts, including \"So Into You\", \"Stranger in My House\" and \"Imagination\" as well as her collaborations \"Into You\", \"Missing You\" and \"Spend My Life with You\".\nSince her departure from Elektra, Tamia has released most of her projects independently on her own label Plus One Music Group, through ventures with Def Jam, eOne Music and others. In 2015, her sixth album Love Life debuted and peaked at number two on Billboard's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, becoming her highest-charting album on the chart. A NAACP Image Award recipient for her work with singer Eric Ben\u00e9t, Tamia is a six-time Grammy Award nominee and has been nominated for numerous other awards and accolades, including a Soul Train Music Award, a Source Award and four Juno Awards. She has been married to former basketball player Grant Hill since 1999; they have two daughters. Diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 2003, Tamia is an advocate for the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) on behalf of others affected by the disease.\n\n", "Q561196": "H\u00e9ctor Germ\u00e1n Oesterheld, also known as his common abbreviation HGO (born July 23, 1919; disappeared and presumed dead 1977), was an Argentine journalist and writer of graphic novels and comics. He has come to be celebrated as a master in his field and as one of the pioneering artists in Argentine modern comics.\nThrough his comics, Oesterheld criticized the numerous military dictatorships that beleaguered the country in different periods ranging from 1955 to 1983, as well as different facets of capitalism, colonialism and imperialism, choosing a subtle criticism in his early comics during the 1950s and early 1960s, and a stronger and direct approach in his later work, after the murder of Che Guevara in 1967, and onwards from then on: in 1968 he wrote a biographical comic of Che Guevara, which was subsequently banned by the Argentinian dictatorship ruling at the time.During Argentina's last civil-military dictatorship, he and his daughters joined the Montoneros, a leftist (and former peronist) guerrilla group that opposed the military junta. HGO continued to publish works in clandestine form while hidden in secret locations, but he was ultimately kidnapped and disappeared. His daughters were also arrested and disappeared, as were his sons-in-law. Only HGO's wife, Elsa, escaped the family's tragic fate.\nOver the years, Oesterheld's legacy has become vast, influencing several generations of new artists, particularly in literature and comic books.", "Q39682": "4Minute(Korean: \ud3ec\ubbf8\ub2db, often stylized as 4MINUTE) was a South Korean girl group formed in 2009 by Cube Entertainment. The members of the group were Nam Ji-hyun, Heo Ga-yoon, Jeon Ji-yoon, Kim Hyun-a, and Kwon So-hyun. The group was known for its edgy dance-pop style and \"girl crush\" image that attracted a large female fan base.The group debuted in June 2009 with the single, \"Hot Issue.\" They ultimately released one full-length Japanese album, Diamond (2010), one full-length Korean album, 4Minutes Left (2011), seven Korean extended plays, and multiple singles.The group received several major awards, including the Rookie Award at the 2009 Golden Disc Awards, the K-pop New Artist Award at the 2010 Billboard Japan Music Awards, and the Bonsang Award at the 2011, 2012, and 2014 Seoul Music Awards.\n4Minute disbanded in June 2016 after unsuccessful contract renewal negotiations between Cube Entertainment and the majority of the group members.", "Q237821": "Robert William Fogel (; July 1, 1926 \u2013 June 11, 2013) was an American economic historian and scientist, and winner (with Douglass North) of the 1993 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. As of his death, he was the Charles R. Walgreen Distinguished Service Professor of American Institutions and director of the Center for Population Economics (CPE) at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. He is best known as an advocate of new economic history (cliometrics) \u2013 the use of quantitative methods in history.", "Q84263196": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province, and has since spread globally, resulting in the ongoing 2019\u201320 coronavirus pandemic. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Other symptoms may include fatigue, muscle pain, diarrhoea, sore throat, loss of smell, and abdominal pain. The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is typically around five days but may range from two to fourteen days. While the majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some progress to viral pneumonia and multi-organ failure. As of 20 April 2020, more than 2.41 million cases have been reported across 185 countries and territories, resulting in more than 165,000 deaths. More than 632,000 people have recovered.The virus is primarily spread between people during close contact, often via small droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, or talking. While these droplets are produced when breathing out, they usually fall to the ground or onto surfaces rather than remain in the air over long distances. People may also become infected by touching a contaminated surface and then touching their eyes, nose, or mouth. The virus can survive on surfaces for up to 72 hours. It is most contagious during the first three days after the onset of symptoms, although spread may be possible before symptoms appear and in later stages of the disease.The standard method of diagnosis is by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal swab. Chest CT imaging may also be helpful for diagnosis in individuals where there is a high suspicion of infection based on symptoms and risk factors; however, it is not recommended for routine screening.Recommended measures to prevent infection include frequent hand washing, maintaining physical distance from others (especially from those with symptoms), covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or inner elbow, and keeping unwashed hands away from the face. The use of masks is recommended for those who suspect they have the virus and their caregivers. Recommendations for mask use by the general public vary, with some authorities recommending against their use, some recommending their use, and others requiring their use. Currently, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Management involves treatment of symptoms, supportive care, isolation, and experimental measures.The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the 2019\u201320 coronavirus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Local transmission of the disease has been recorded in most countries across all six WHO regions.", "Q223854": "Monroe Jackson Rathbone V (born December 14, 1984) is an American actor and musician known for his role as Jasper Hale in The Twilight Saga series.\n\n", "Q55994": "Michael Joseph Farrell Jr. (born February 6, 1939) is an American actor, best known for his role as Captain B.J. Hunnicutt on the television series M*A*S*H (1975\u201383). He is also an activist and public speaker for various political causes.\nFarrell was a producer of Patch Adams (1998) starring Robin Williams, and starred in the television series Providence (1999\u20132002). He appeared as Milton Lang, the father of Victor Lang (John Slattery), husband of Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria) on Desperate Housewives (2007\u201308).\nHe was seen in the season 10 episode \"Persona\" of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. He appeared as the character Fred Jones in the season 8 episode \"Hunteri Heroici\" of Supernatural. In 2014 he was a supporting cast member on the Sundance TV Network criminal drama series The Red Road. He portrayed Lee Miglin, a real estate baron who fell victim to serial killer Andrew Cunanan, in FX's anthology series American Crime Story: The Assassination of Gianni Versace. Most recently, he appeared in NCIS, playing the role of Judge Miles Deakin in \"Judge, Jury...\" and \"...and Executioner\"", "Q213997": "Aleksandr Stepanovich Grinevsky (better known by his pen name, Aleksandr Grin, Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u043d, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr \u0261r\u02b2in] (listen), 23 August 1880 \u2013 8 July 1932) was a Russian writer, notable for his romantic novels and short stories, mostly set in an unnamed fantasy land with a European or Latin American flavor (Grin's fans often refer to this land as Grinlandia). Most of his writings deal with sea, adventures, and love.", "Q65857": "Stipe Erceg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8sti\u02d0p\u0259 \u02c8\u025b\u0250\u032ft\u0361s\u0259k]; born 30 October 1974) is a German/Croatian actor. He is notable for playing the role of Peter in the 2004 Hans Weingartner film The Edukators alongside Daniel Br\u00fchl and Julia Jentsch, as well as the role of Holger Meins in The Baader Meinhof Complex.\nErceg was born in Split, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia. He moved from Croatia to T\u00fcbingen, Germany, with his parents in 1978 and studied acting at Europ\u00e4isches Theaterinstitut Berlin from 1996 to 2000.\nAs of 2010, Erceg lives with his wife and two children in Berlin, where he moved in 1996.", "Q3435805": "J\u00f8rgen Henrik Meinich (24 March 1820 \u2013 8 September 1911) was a Norwegian jurist and industrialist.\nHe was born in S\u00f8ndre Land as a son of stipendiary magistrate Jens Christian Meinich (1787\u20131855) and Lisa Berg (1795\u20131824). He was a brother of Hans Thomas Meinich. In November 1847 in Christiania he married Claudine Birgitte Gulbranson (1823\u20131852), a daughter of Hans Gulbranson and half sister of Carl August Gulbranson. They adopted Jens Bratlie. He grew up at the manor Kronviken. He attended school in Skien and took the examen artium in 1839, then studied law to graduate with the cand.jur. degree in 1845. After a period as deputy judge in Ringerike, he worked in the Ministry of Finance until 1853. He settled at the property Bj\u00f8lsen by the river Akerselva.He was a pioneer in the development of the Norwegian wood processing industry and the use of hydropower in the industry. He established Norway's second pulp mill, Bj\u00f8rsheim Tr\u00e6sliiberie, in 1865. He was a co-founder and first chairman of the association Akerselvens Brugseierforening from 1866 to 1891. He was also a joint owner of the companies Bentse Brug and Nydalens Compagnie. In Nydalens Compagnie he was a board member from 1868 to his death 1911, serving as chair since 1896. Outside of the Aker district, he was the first chairman of Ekers og Giethuus Papirfabriker when it was established as a joint stock company in 1873, and served as such until his death.Meinich also chaired Norges Hypotekbank from 1885 to 1908, was a board member of the Norwegian State Railways and was active in the Royal Norwegian Society for Development. He was mayor of Aker from 1875 to 1877, and when his district was incorporated in the city Kristiania in 1878 he became a city council member.He was decorated Commander of the Order of St. Olav (1897) and the Danish Order of Dannebrog, and Knight of the Swedish Order of the Polar Star. He died in Kristiania in September 1911, 91 years old, and was buried at V\u00e5r Frelsers gravlund.", "Q3268795": "Lyc\u00e9e Lakanal is a public secondary school in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, France, in the Paris metropolitan area. It was named after Joseph Lakanal, a French politician, and an original member of the Institut de France. The school also offers a middle school and highly ranked \"classes pr\u00e9paratoires\" undergraduate training. Famous French scientists and writers have graduated from lyc\u00e9e Lakanal, such as Jean Giraudoux, Alain-Fournier and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Joliot-Curie. The school includes a science building, a large park, a track, and dormitories for the P\u00f4le Espoir Rugby and the boarding students. Several teachers also live at the school along with boarding students. The main classrooms and the dormitories are in one building, and the school uses space heaters in every classroom except the science building's classrooms and the gymnasium.As of 2016 the school has about 2,550 students in all levels, from junior high school to preparatory classes.", "Q470931": "Allameh Ali Akbar Dehkhod\u0101 (Persian: \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062e\u062f\u0627\u200e; 1879\u2013March 9, 1956) was a prominent Iranian linguist. He was also the author of Dehkhoda dictionary, the most extensive dictionary of the Persian language published to date.", "Q1355279": "Georges Aperghis (Greek: \u0393\u03b9\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c2; born 23 December 1945) is a Greek composer working primarily in the field of experimental musical theater but has also composed a large amount of non-programmatic chamber music. He lives in France and was married to actress \u00c9dith Scob until 2019 when she died.\nAperghis studied with Iannis Xenakis and founded the music and theater company ATEM (Atelier Th\u00e9\u00e2tre et Musique). He was a \"composer in residence\" in Strasbourg, France.\nIn 2011 he was the first recipient of the Mauricio Kagel Music Prize. Aperghis is honored with the 2015 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Contemporary Music for his reinvention of music theater, using sound, gesture, space and technology and involving performers in the compositional process.\n\n", "Q54452": "Kumanovo (Macedonian: \u041a\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e [ku\u02c8man\u0254v\u0254] (listen) Albanian: Kumanov\u00eb); also known by other alternative names) is a city in North Macedonia and the seat of Kumanovo Municipality, the largest municipality in the country. Kumanovo lies 340 metres (1,115 feet) above sea level and is surrounded by the Karadag part of Skopska Crna Gora mountain on its western side, Gradi\u0161tanska mountain on its southern side, and Mangovica and German mountain on the Eastern side. Skopje airport also serves Kumanovo.\nThe town was first mentioned in 17th century. It was initially settled by Turks and later by Muslim Albanians. Slavic people entered the town in the late 18th century and early 19th century. It has many historical sites. One of the most important sites is the 4,000-year-old megalithic astronomical observatory of Kokino, located 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Kumanovo and discovered in 2001. It is ranked fourth on the list of old observatories by NASA.\nIn 1912, during the First Balkan War, Serbian forces won a decisive victory over the Ottomans north of the town. The two-day Battle of Kumanovo ended Ottoman authority in Vardar Macedonia which contributed to the region's integration into Serbia, and consequently, into Yugoslavia. The entire region of Macedonia was split in three among Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria after the Treaty of Bucharest in 1913.\nThe rapid economic, administrative and cultural expansion of Kumanovo began in 1945. It was the site of the 9 June 1999 Agreement signed between FR Yugoslav Generals and the NATO Generals about bringing in a NATO peacekeeping contingent in Kosovo called, the Kosovo Force, or KFOR (Kumanovo Agreement). The town's metal-processing, tobacco, agriculture, footwear and textile industries have made it an economic, trading and cultural center of approximately 135,529 people. It is internationally known for a jazz festival hosting bands from all over the world.", "Q42230": "John J. Bonacic (born June 14, 1942 in New York City) is a retired politician from New York. A Republican, Bonacic represented New York State Senate District 42 (which includes all or parts of Delaware, Sullivan, Orange, and Ulster Counties) from November 1998 to 2018. Prior to his Senate service, Bonacic served in the New York State Assembly.", "Q146906": "Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u200e, Al-\u1e24usayn ibn \u1e6cal\u0101l; 14 November 1935 \u2013 7 February 1999) reigned as King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of Jordan since 1921, Hussein claimed to be a 40th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad.\nHussein was born in Amman as the eldest child of Talal bin Abdullah and Zein Al-Sharaf. Hussein began his schooling in Amman, continuing his education abroad. After Talal became King of Jordan in 1951, Hussein was named heir apparent. The Parliament forced Talal to abdicate a year later due to his illness, and a regency council was appointed until Hussein came of age. He was enthroned at the age of 17 on 2 May 1953. Hussein was married four separate times and fathered eleven children: Princess Alia from Dina bint Abdul-Hamid; Abdullah II, Prince Faisal, Princess Aisha, and Princess Zein from Antoinette Gardiner; Princess Haya and Prince Ali from Alia Touqan; Prince Hamzah, Prince Hashim, Princess Iman, and Princess Raiyah from Lisa Halaby.\nHussein, a constitutional monarch, started his rule with what was termed a \"liberal experiment,\" allowing, in 1956, the formation of the only democratically elected government in Jordan's history. A few months into the experiment, he forced that government to resign, declaring martial law and banning political parties. Jordan fought three wars with Israel under Hussein, including the 1967 Six-Day War, which ended in Jordan's loss of the West Bank. In 1970 Hussein expelled Palestinian fighters (fedayeen) from Jordan after they had threatened the country's security in what became known as Black September. The King renounced Jordan's ties to the West Bank in 1988 after the Palestine Liberation Organization was recognized internationally as the sole representative of the Palestinians. He lifted martial law and reintroduced elections in 1989 when riots over price hikes spread in southern Jordan. In 1994 he became the second Arab head of state to sign a peace treaty with Israel.\nAt the time of Hussein's accession in 1953, Jordan was a young nation and controlled the West Bank. The country had few natural resources, and a large Palestinian refugee population as a result of the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War. Hussein led his country through four turbulent decades of the Arab\u2013Israeli conflict and the Cold War, successfully balancing pressures from Arab nationalists, the Soviet Union, Western countries, and Israel, transforming Jordan by the end of his 46-year reign to a stable modern state. After 1967 he increasingly engaged in efforts to solve the Palestinian problem. He acted as a conciliatory intermediate between various Middle Eastern rivals, and came to be seen as the region's peacemaker. He was revered for pardoning political dissidents and opponents, and giving them senior posts in the government. Hussein, who survived dozens of assassination attempts and plots to overthrow him, was the region's longest-reigning leader. The King died at the age of 63 from cancer on 7 February 1999. His funeral was the largest gathering of world leaders since 1995. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Abdullah II.", "Q178630": "Portuguese people are a Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal who share a common Portuguese culture, ancestry and language. Their predominant religion is Christianity, mainly Roman Catholicism, though large segments of the population, especially the younger generations, have no religious affiliation. The Portuguese people's heritage largely derives from the pre-Celts (Lusitanians, Conii) and Celts (Gallaecians, Turduli and Celtici), who were Romanized after the conquest of the region by the ancient Romans. A number of Portuguese can also trace minor descent from Germanic tribes who arrived after the Roman period as ruling elites, namely the Suebi, Vandals and Visigoths, who ruled for circa three hundred years. Finally, the Moorish occupation left a genetic contribution in the Iberian Peninsula, especially in western and southern regions.The Roman Republic conquered the Iberian Peninsula during the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. from the extensive maritime empire of Carthage during the series of Punic Wars. As a result of Roman colonization, the Portuguese language stems primarily from Vulgar Latin. Due to the large historical extent from the 16th century of the Portuguese Empire and the subsequent colonization of territories in Asia, Africa and the Americas, as well as historical and recent emigration, Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe, and a large Portuguese diaspora exists.\nPortuguese people began an Age of Exploration which started in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta and culminated in an empire with territories that are now part of over 50 countries. The Portuguese Empire lasted nearly 600 years, seeing its end when Macau was returned to China in 1999. The discovery of several lands unknown to Europeans in the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania (southwest Pacific Ocean), forged the Portuguese Empire described as the first global empire in history, also paving the way for the domination of Western civilisation by other neighbouring European nations.\n\n", "Q679007": "Vee-Jay Records is an American record label founded in the 1950s, located in Chicago and specializing in blues, jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll.\nThe label was founded in Gary, Indiana in 1953 by Vivian Carter and James C. Bracken, a husband-and-wife team who used their initials for the label's name. Vivian's brother, Calvin Carter, was the label's A&R man. Ewart Abner, formerly of Chance Records, joined the label in 1955, first as manager, then as vice president, and ultimately as president. One of the earliest African American-owned record companies, Vee-Jay quickly became a major R&B label, with the first song recorded making it to the top ten on the national R&B charts.", "Q129319": "Jessica Wanda Judith Cirio Perutich (born March 21, 1985 in Lan\u00fas, Buenos Aires Province) better known as J\u00e9sica Cirio or Jessica Cirio is an Argentine model and dancer. She has appeared on the Argentine reality show C\u00e1mara en Mano as well as in pictorial spreads in Revista Hombre.", "Q4931095": "Bo Kuangyi (born 17 December 1987), more commonly known as Bo Guagua, is the second son of former Chinese politician Bo Xilai, and the only child of Gu Kailai, his father's second wife. Bo attended Harrow School, read PPE at Oxford University, and studied for a master's degree at Harvard University. In 2016, Bo graduated from Columbia Law School with a Juris Doctor degree.\nBecause his father was a high-ranking Communist Party official, Bo Guagua's life has been an occasional topic of news media gossip, which intensified and gained considerable international attention when his father was removed from office in March 2012. Both his parents came under investigation in the alleged homicide of family friend Neil Heywood, who also reportedly helped Bo during his time in the UK.Bo's father is often described as a \"princeling\" (offspring of Communist Party elite); his lifestyle and privileges typify those of fuerdai, and far exceed those of regular Chinese people of his age.", "Q86514": "Maxim Biller (born 25 August 1960 in Prague, Czech Republic) is a German writer and columnist.\nBorn in Prague to Russian Jewish parents, he emigrated with his parents and sister to Germany in 1970, when he was ten years old. After living for a long time in Hamburg and Munich, he now lives in Berlin, frequently writing about issues relating to Jews and Germans.In 2003 his novel Esra excited attention when its sale was prohibited shortly after its release. Two persons had a provisional order obtained, because they claimed to have seen themselves reflected in characters in the book. A German court obliged their request to take the book from circulation on these grounds.His first works translated into English (by Anthea Bell) are the collection Love Today (2008), some of which appeared in The New Yorker.", "Q182944": "Shakespeare in Love is a 1998 American romantic period comedy-drama film directed by John Madden, written by Marc Norman and playwright Tom Stoppard, and produced by Harvey Weinstein. It stars Gwyneth Paltrow, Joseph Fiennes, Geoffrey Rush, Colin Firth, Ben Affleck and Judi Dench.\nThe film depicts an imaginary love affair involving playwright William Shakespeare (Joseph Fiennes) and Viola de Lesseps (Gwyneth Paltrow) while Shakespeare was writing Romeo and Juliet. Several characters are based on historical figures, and many of the characters, lines, and plot devices allude to Shakespeare's plays.\nShakespeare in Love received positive reviews from critics and was a box office success, grossing $289.3 million worldwide and was the ninth highest-grossing film of 1998. The film received numerous accolades, including seven Oscars at the 71st Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actress (Gwyneth Paltrow), Best Supporting Actress (Judi Dench), and Best Original Screenplay.\n\n", "Q45239": "Franz Xaver Kroetz (born 25 February 1946 in Munich) is a German author, playwright, actor and film director. His plays have been translated and performed internationally.", "Q466835": "Washington Dulles International Airport ( DUL-iss) (IATA: IAD, ICAO: KIAD, FAA LID: IAD), typically referred to as Dulles Airport, Washington Dulles, or simply Dulles, is an international airport in the eastern United States, located in Loudoun and Fairfax counties in Virginia, 26 miles (42 km) west of downtown Washington, D.C.\nOpened in 1962, it is named after John Foster Dulles (1888\u20131959), the 52nd Secretary of State who served under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The Dulles main terminal is a well-known landmark designed by Eero Saarinen. Operated by the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, Washington Dulles Airport occupies 13,000 acres (20.3 sq mi; 52.6 km2) straddling the Loudoun\u2013Fairfax line. Most of the airport is in the unincorporated community of Dulles in Loudoun County, with a small portion in the unincorporated community of Chantilly in Fairfax County. The airport is one of two that serves the Washington metropolitan area.\nDulles is one of the three major airports in the larger Baltimore\u2013Washington metropolitan area with more than 24 million passengers a year. Dulles has the most international passenger traffic of any airport in the Mid-Atlantic outside the New York metropolitan area, including approximately 90% of the international passenger traffic in the Baltimore\u2013Washington region. On a typical day, more than 60,000 passengers pass through Dulles to and from more than 125 destinations around the world. In 2018, Dulles Airport surpassed Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA) in yearly passenger boardings after having fewer passengers since 2015. However, Dulles Airport still ranks behind Baltimore\u2013Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (BWI) in total annual passenger boardings. Dulles is a hub for United Airlines.", "Q939760": "Benigno Repeki Fitial (born November 27, 1945) is the former seventh governor of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). The second longest-serving governor in CNMI history, Fitial was elected on November 6, 2005, assumed office on January 9, 2006, and was re-elected to a (five-year) second term in 2009. He was impeached by the CNMI House of Representatives on February 11, 2013 and was scheduled to face trial before the CNMI Senate to determine if he should be removed from office. He resigned on February 20, 2013 after 7 years, 1 month, and 11 days in office.\nFitial founded the Covenant Party in 2001 after leaving the Republican Party. He rejoined the Republican Party on January 5, 2011, announcing that his goal would be to merge the Covenant Party back into the Republican Party.Fitial was the first governor in any US territory or commonwealth to be impeached and only the 13th governor in the history of the United States. On February 11 & 12, 2013 the CNMI House of Representatives voted to impeach Fitial on 18 different charges contained in Articles of Impeachment. The charges include neglect of duties, commission of felonies and abuse of power.\nRather than facing a trial before the CNMI Senate which was set for March 7, 2013, Benigno Repeki Fitial became the first governor in CNMI history to resign from office on February 20, 2013. In his resignation letter he cited \"personal health\" reasons and the \"best interests of the Commonwealth\".", "Q3174304": "Jean Riboud (15 November 1919 \u2013 20 October 1985) was a French socialist, corporate executive and the chairman of Schlumberger, the largest oilfield services company in the world. He was a member of the French Resistance during World War II and suffered incarceration in Buchenwald concentration camp of the Nazis. His contributions were reported in making Schlumberger into the market leader in oilfield services sector. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1986, for his contributions to society.", "Q310252": "Takeshi Kaneshiro (\u91d1\u57ce \u6b66, Kaneshiro Takeshi, born October 11, 1973) is a Taiwanese-Japanese actor and singer. Kaneshiro has worked with some of the most renowned directors in Asia, namely, Wong Kar Wai (Chungking Express and Fallen Angels), Peter Chan (Perhaps Love and Wuxia), Zhang Yimou (House of Flying Daggers) and John Woo (Red Cliff and The Crossing I and II).", "Q970406": "Melvin Cornell Blount (born April 10, 1948) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). A five-time Pro Bowler, he was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1989.Blount is considered one of the best cornerbacks to have ever played in the NFL. His physical style of play made him one of the most feared defensive backs in the game at a time when pass interference rules were less stringent. He founded the Mel Blount Youth Home.", "Q62686": "Georg Heinrich August Ewald (16 November 1803 \u2013 4 May 1875) was a German orientalist, Protestant theologian, and Biblical exegete. He studied at the University of G\u00f6ttingen. In 1827 he became extraordinary professor there, in 1831 ordinary professor of theology, and in 1835 professor of oriental languages. In 1837, as a member of the G\u00f6ttingen Seven, he lost his position at G\u00f6ttingen on account of his protest against King Ernst August's abrogation of the liberal constitution, and became professor of theology at the University of T\u00fcbingen. In 1848, he returned to his old position at G\u00f6ttingen. When Hanover was annexed by Prussia in 1866, Ewald became a defender of the rights of the ex-king. Among his chief works are: Complete Course on the Hebrew Language (German: Ausf\u00fchrliches Lehrbuch der hebr\u00e4ischen Sprache), The Poetical Books of the Old Testament (German: Die poetischen B\u00fccher des alten Bundes), History of the People of Israel (German: Geschichte des Volkes Israel), and Antiquities of the People of Israel (German: Die Altert\u00fcmer des Volkes Israel). Ewald represented the city of Hanover as a member of the Guelph faction in the North German and German Diets.", "Q179248": "The Albanians (; Albanian: Shqiptar\u00ebt, pronounced [\u0283cip\u02c8ta:\u027e\u0259t]) are an ethnic group native to the Balkan Peninsula and are identified by a common Albanian ancestry, culture, history and language. They primarily live in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia as well as in Croatia, Greece and Italy. They also constitute a diaspora with several communities established in the Americas, Europe and Oceania.\nThe ethnogenesis of the Albanians and their language is a matter of controversy among historians and ethnologists. They were mentioned for the first time in historical records from the 11th century as a tribe of people living across the mountainous region of the Mat and Drin. The Shkumbin more southerly splits the Albanians into the Ghegs and Tosks nevertheless both groups identify with a shared ethnic culture, history and traditions.\nThe history of the Albanian diaspora is centuries old and has its roots in migration from the Middle Ages initially established in Southern Europe and subsequently on across other parts of Europe and the New World. Between the 13th and 18th centuries, sizeable numbers of Albanians migrated to escape either various social, economic or political difficulties.One population, the Arvanites, settled Southern Greece between the 13th and 16th centuries assimilating into and now self-identifying as Greeks. Another population who emerged as the Arb\u00ebresh\u00eb settled Sicily and Southern Italy. Smaller populations such as the Arbanasi whose migration dates back to the 18th century are located in Southern Croatia and scattered across Southern Ukraine.The Great Schism of 1054 formalised the break of communion between the Eastern Orthodox and Western Catholic Church and was instantly reflected in Albania through the emergence of a Catholic north and Orthodox south. Inhabiting the west of Lake Ochrida and the upper valley of River Shkumbin, the Albanians established the Principality of Arbanon in 1190 with the capital in Kruj\u00eb. In the 13th century, the Ghegs converted to Roman Catholicism in larger numbers from Eastern Orthodoxy as a means to resist the pressure of Slavic Serbs.In the 15th century, the expanding Ottoman Empire overpowered the Balkan Peninsula and so the Albanians. Their consequent resistance to Ottoman expansion into Europe led by Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg won them acclaim all over Europe. In the 17th and 18th centuries, a substantial number of Albanians converted to Islam offering them equal opportunities and advancement within the Ottoman Empire. Hence, they attained significant positions and culturally contributed to the broader Muslim world.The Ottomans had cut the Albanians off from significant European intellectual movements, amongst them the Renaissance and Enlightenment, and these ideas together with the ideals of Nationalism traditionally began to reach the Albanians through the Albanian diaspora conclusively leading to the Albanian Renaissance which was also incorporated with the influences of Romanticism.\nDuring the Balkan Wars, the Albanians were partitioned between Independent Albania, Greece, Montenegro, and Serbia. After the Second World War until the Revolutions of 1991, Albania was governed by a communist government launching the Albanians on a path of oppression and decades of isolation. Though in neighbouring Yugoslavia, Albanians underwent periods of discrimination that concluded with the Breakup of Yugoslavia and eventually the Independence of Kosovo.", "Q337835": "The Seven Minutes is a 1971 American drama film directed and produced by Russ Meyer. The film was based on the 1969 novel of the same name by Irving Wallace.", "Q371860": "Gabriella Zanna Vanessa Anstruther-Gough-Calthorpe (born 8 April 1989), known professionally as Gabriella Wilde or Gabriella Calthorpe, is an English model and actress who has appeared in the films St Trinian's 2: The Legend of Fritton's Gold (2009), The Three Musketeers (2011), Carrie (2013) and Endless Love (2014). Her television work includes the Doctor Who episode \"The Vampires of Venice\" (2010) and the BBC historical drama series Poldark (2016\u20132019).", "Q128761": "Two Women (Italian: La ciociara [la t\u0283o\u02c8t\u0283a\u02d0ra], rough literal translation \"The Woman from Ciociaria\") is a 1960 Italian film directed by Vittorio De Sica. It tells the story of a woman trying to protect her young daughter from the horrors of war. The film stars Sophia Loren, Jean-Paul Belmondo, Raf Vallone, Eleonora Brown, Carlo Ninchi, and Andrea Checchi. The film was adapted by De Sica and Cesare Zavattini from the novel of the same name written by Alberto Moravia. The story is fictional, but based on actual events of 1944 in Rome and rural Lazio, during what Italians call the Marocchinate.Loren's performance received critical acclaim, winning her the Academy Award for Best Actress among other accolades.", "Q894958": "Boubacar Traor\u00e9 (born 1942 in Kayes, Mali) is a Malian singer, songwriter, and guitarist.\n\n", "Q123634": "Marylebone ( or , , , or ) is an area in the West End of London, England, which has been part of the City of Westminster since 1965, when the latter was enlarged. Bounded by Oxford Street to the south, Marylebone Road to the north, Edgware Road to the west and Great Portland Street to the east, the area east of Great Portland Street up to Cleveland Street, known as Fitzrovia since the 1940s, was historically East Marylebone.", "Q16107": "H\u00f6xter (German pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u0153kst\u0250]) is a town in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany on the left bank of the river Weser, 52 km north of Kassel in the centre of the Weser Uplands. The main town's population is around 15,000, and with outlying centres, about 30,000. It is the seat of the H\u00f6xter district.", "Q322586": "Danny Joe Brown (August 24, 1951 \u2013 March 10, 2005) was the lead singer of the Southern rock group Molly Hatchet, after succeeding founder Dave Hlubek in 1976, and co-writer of the band's biggest hits from the late 1970s.", "Q1382521": "Harout Pamboukjian (Armenian: \u0540\u0561\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0569 \u0553\u0561\u0574\u0562\u0578\u0582\u056f\u0579\u0575\u0561\u0576), (born in 1950 in Yerevan, Armenian SSR, Soviet Union), known as Dzakh Harut (\u0541\u0561\u056d \u0540\u0561\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0569 Left Harout), is an Armenian American pop singer living in Los Angeles. His Armenian dance, folk, and revolutionary and romantic songs make him a favorite among Armenians worldwide.", "Q216151": "Vietnamese people, or Viet People (Vietnamese: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t), are people whose nationality is Vietnamese. There are 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam, each with its own language, lifestyle, and cultural heritage. The majority of Vietnamese are Kinh people (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh) who are an East Asian ethnic group native to present-day northern Vietnam and southern China. They speak Vietnamese, the most widely spoken Austroasiatic language. They formed 85% of the population of Vietnam in the 2019 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from minority ethnic groups within the country. The earliest recorded name for the ancient Vietnamese people is L\u1ea1c or L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t.\nAlthough Vietnam is geographically and linguistically considered Southeast Asian, the Vietnamese belong in the East Asian cultural sphere due to the historical Chinese domination of Vietnam. They are culturally very similar to neighboring southern Han Chinese subgroups and other ethnic minorities from South China. The word Vi\u1ec7t derives from B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t ('Baiyue' in Chinese) and Nam means \"south\". \"Baiyue\" was a name used by the Han Chinese in ancient times to describe various southern non-Chinese peoples. Together, Vietnam means \"to the south of the Viet\", as Vietnam is located south of the B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t.\nThe Viet are one of the 4 main groups of Vietic speakers in Vietnam, the others being the Muong, Th\u1ed5 and Ch\u1ee9t.", "Q1177074": "David Walsh (11 August 1945 \u2013 4 June 1998) was a Canadian businessman in the oil and gas and mining industries.", "Q11668": "Nimrata \"Nikki\" Haley (n\u00e9e Randhawa; born January 20, 1972) is an American diplomat, businesswoman, author, and politician. A Republican, Haley is a former South Carolina state legislator, a former governor of South Carolina, and a former United States ambassador to the United Nations. She was the first female governor of South Carolina and is the first Sikh American to serve as governor in the United States.\nFirst elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives in 2004, Haley served three terms. In 2010, during her third term, she was elected governor of South Carolina and won re-election in 2014. \nIn 2015, Haley signed legislation calling for the removal of the Confederate flag from the State Capitol. She was named by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2016.\nOn November 23, 2016, then President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Haley for the position of United States ambassador to the United Nations. Haley was confirmed to that post by the U.S. Senate in a 96 to 4 vote, and was sworn in on January 25, 2017. As U.N. ambassador, she affirmed the United States's willingness to use military force in response to further North Korean missile tests in the wake of the 2017 North Korea crisis; she was also an outspoken supporter of the nation of Israel. Haley stepped down from her position on December 31, 2018.\n\n", "Q102822": "Jacobus Henricus \"Henry\" van 't Hoff, Jr. (Dutch: [v\u0251n (\u0259)t \u02c8\u0266\u0254f]; 30 August 1852 \u2013 1 March 1911) was a Dutch physical chemist. A highly influential theoretical chemist of his time, van 't Hoff was the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. His pioneering work helped found the modern theory of chemical affinity, chemical equilibrium, chemical kinetics, and chemical thermodynamics. In his 1874 pamphlet van 't Hoff formulated the theory of the tetrahedral carbon atom and laid the foundations of stereochemistry. In 1875, he predicted the correct structures of allenes and cumulenes as well as their axial chirality. He is also widely considered one of the founders of physical chemistry as the discipline is known today.", "Q200733": "Nik\u0161i\u0107 (Montenegrin Cyrillic and Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0448\u0438\u045b, pronounced [n\u00eek\u0283it\u0361\u0255]) is the second largest city of Montenegro, with a total population of 56,970 located in the west of the country, in the centre of the spacious Nik\u0161i\u0107 field at the foot of Trebjesa Hill. It is the center of Nik\u0161i\u0107 Municipality with population of 72,443 according to 2011 census, which is the largest municipality by area and second most inhabited after Podgorica. It was also largest municipality by area in former Yugoslavia. It is an important industrial, cultural, and educational center.", "Q59610": "Seven Psychopaths is a 2012 dark comedy crime film written and directed by Martin McDonagh. It stars Colin Farrell, Sam Rockwell, Woody Harrelson, and Christopher Walken, with Tom Waits, Abbie Cornish, Olga Kurylenko, and \u017deljko Ivanek in supporting roles. The film marks the second collaboration among McDonagh, Farrell, and Ivanek, following the director's In Bruges (2008). The film was a co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom.\nSeven Psychopaths had its world premiere on 7 September 2012 at the Toronto International Film Festival. It was released in the United States and Canada on 12 October 2012, and in the United Kingdom on 5 December 2012.", "Q878728": "James \"Sunny Jim\" Rolph Jr. (August 23, 1869 \u2013 June 2, 1934) was an American politician and a member of the Republican Party. He was elected to a single term as the 27th governor of California from January 6, 1931 until his death on June 2, 1934 at the height of the Great Depression. Previously, Rolph had been the 30th mayor of San Francisco from January 8, 1912 until his resignation to become governor. Rolph remains the longest-serving mayor in San Francisco history.", "Q67926": "Th\u00fcrnen is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q3090082": "Sir James Michael Goldsmith (26 February 1933 \u2013 18 July 1997) was a French-British financier, tycoon and politician who was a member of the prominent Goldsmith family.\nIn 1994 he was elected to represent a French constituency as a Member of the European Parliament. He founded the short-lived Eurosceptic Referendum Party in the United Kingdom, and was one of the key power-brokers in British political circles that initiated party political opposition to the country's membership of the European Union.\nGoldsmith was allegedly the inspiration for the fictional character of the corporate raider \"Sir Larry Wildman\" in the 1987 American film Wall Street.Margaret Thatcher said of him: \"Jimmy Goldsmith was one of the most powerful and dynamic personalities that this generation has seen. He was enormously generous, and fiercely loyal to the causes he espoused\".", "Q269785": "Twelver (Arabic: \u0671\u062b\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u200e; \u02beIthn\u0101 \u02bfA\u0161ar\u012byah Persian: \u0634\u06cc\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u200e, \u0160\u012b'eh-ye Dav\u00e2zdah-Em\u00e2m\u012b), also known as Imamiyyah (Arabic: \u0625\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u200e), is the largest branch of Shia Islam. The term Twelver refers to its adherents' belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as the Twelve Imams, and their belief that the last Imam, Imam al-Mahdi, lives in occultation and will reappear as the promised Mahdi. According to Shia tradition, the Mahdi's tenure will coincide with the Second Coming of Jesus, who is to assist the Mahdi against the Dajjal.\nTwelvers believe that the Twelve Imams are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. According to the theology of Twelvers, the Twelve Imams are exemplary human individuals who not only rule over the community with justice, but are also able to preserve and interpret sharia and the esoteric meaning of the Quran. The words and deeds (Sunnah) of Muhammad and the Imams are a guide and model for the community to follow; as a result, Muhammad and the Imams must be free from error and sin, a doctrine known as Ismah or infallibility, and must be chosen by divine decree, or nass, through Muhammad.Twelver Shiism is the largest branch of Shia Islam, with about 85% of all Shias, or approximately 150 to 200 million Twelver Shias.Twelvers make majorities among Shia Muslims in Iran, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Lebanon, Bahrain. Also, they make significant minorities in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, Kuwait, Oman, UAE, Qatar, Nigeria, Chad, and Tanzania. Iran is the only country where Twelver Shiism is the state religion. \nTwelvers share many tenets of Shia with related sects, such as the belief in Imams, but the Ismaili Shias believe in a different number of Imams and, for the most part, a different path of succession regarding the Imamate. They also differ in the role and overall definition of an Imam. Twelvers are also distinguished from Ismailis by their belief in Muhammad's status as the \"Seal of the Prophets\" (Khatam an-Nabiyyin), in rejecting the possibility of abrogation of Sharia laws, and in considering both esoteric and exoteric aspects of the Quran. Alevis in Turkey and Albania, and Alawites in Syria and Lebanon, share belief in the Twelve Imams with Twelvers, but their theological doctrines are markedly different.", "Q95568": "Matthias K\u00fcntzel (born 1955), is a German author and a political scientist. He is a research associate at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, a member of the German Council on Foreign Relations DGAP, of the German Historical Association (VHD) and of the Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa ASMEA.", "Q662427": "Tschiertschen is a village in the municipality of Tschiertschen-Praden in the district of Plessur in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland.\nThe formerly independent municipality merged with Praden to form Tschiertschen-Praden on January 1, 2009.", "Q922426": "Ram\u00f3n Rato (1907\u20131998) was a Spanish businessman who in 1947 set up the \"Cadena Rato\" radio station which became one of the most popular in Spain during the Francoist State, of whom Rato was a supporter, though he was equally supportive of King Juan Carlos after Franco's death and the restoration of the monarchy.\nIn 1967 he was imprisoned for 3 years and fined 176 million pesetas for having money hidden in Switzerland. On 2 April he sold 63 of the 72 radio stations he owned to the ONCE (National Blind Association), for five billion pesetas. He died in September 1998 at the age of 91.\nHe is the father of Rodrigo Rato, former Minister for Economic Affairs and former director of the International Monetary Fund.", "Q78806": "Josef Pr\u00f6ll (born 14 September 1968, in Stockerau, Austria) is an Austrian former politician who was the chairman of the Austrian People's Party from 2008 until 2011. He was Vice Chancellor and Minister of Finance.\nPreviously, he was the Federal Minister of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment, and Water Management. He was also in charge of rethinking the party's positions and developing a more liberal socio-economic stance. On 28 November 2008, he was elected as the new federal party chairman by 89.6% of delegates at a party conference in Wels.\nAfter two thromboses he suffered a pulmonary embolism in March 2011. A few weeks later, on 13 April, he resigned from all political functions. His successor was the Foreign Minister, Michael Spindelegger.He is the nephew of Erwin Pr\u00f6ll.\n\n", "Q6239304": "John Hilliard, (born 1945) is an English conceptual artist. Hilliard's ongoing body of work addresses the specificity of photography as a medium: its uncertainty as a representational device and its status within the visual arts, especially in relation to painting, cinema and commercial photography.", "Q50675801": "Mary Louisa Bruce, Countess of Elgin and Kincardine (n\u00e9e Lambton; 8 May 1819 \u2013 9 March 1898) was the daughter of John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham and his second wife Louisa Elizabeth Lambton (n\u00e9e Grey), daughter of Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey. She travelled to Canada twice: the first time when her father went to Canada to investigate the Lower Canada Rebellion in 29 May \u2013 1 November 1838. She later returned to Canada with her husband, James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, from 1847 to 1853.\nAn accomplished artist, she studied under John Richard Coke-Smyth, alongside her sister, Lady Emily Augusta, and travel companion, Katherine Ellice. She wrote and illustrated journals and diaries of her international travels.", "Q1206": "Saxony-Anhalt (German: Sachsen-Anhalt) (German pronunciation: [\u02cczaksn\u0329 \u02c8\u0294anhalt] (listen)) is a state of Germany.\nSaxony-Anhalt covers an area of 20,447.7 square kilometres (7,894.9 sq mi)\nand has a population of 2.23 million, 108.69 inhabitants per km2, making it the 8th-largest state in Germany by area and the 11th-largest by population. Its capital is Magdeburg and its largest city is Halle (Saale). Saxony-Anhalt is surrounded by the states of Lower Saxony, Brandenburg, Saxony and Thuringia.\nThe state of Saxony-Anhalt originated in July 1945 after World War II, when the Soviet army administration in Allied-occupied Germany formed it from the former Prussian Province of Saxony and the Free State of Anhalt. Saxony-Anhalt became part of the German Democratic Republic in 1949, but was dissolved in 1952 during administrative reforms and its territory divided into the districts of Halle and Magdeburg, with the city of Torgau joining the district of Leipzig. Saxony-Anhalt was re-established in 1990 following German reunification, excluding Torgau, and became one of the Federal Republic of Germany's new states.", "Q448538": "Boris Valentinovich Volynov (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; born 18 December 1934) is a Soviet cosmonaut who flew two space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 5, and Soyuz 21. He was the first Jewish cosmonaut to enter space, preceding Judith Resnik in the United States. Following the death of Alexei Leonov in October 2019, he is the last surviving member of the original group of cosmonauts.\n\n", "Q1782926": "Konstfack, or University of Arts, Crafts and Design, is a university college for higher education in the area of art, crafts and design in Stockholm, Sweden.", "Q118852": "Marilou Bourdon (born September 20, 1990) is a French-Canadian pop singer, and cookbook author from Longueuil.\n\n", "Q245247": "King's College London (informally King's or KCL) is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, and a founding college and member institution of the federal University of London. King's was established in 1829 by King George IV and Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, when it received its first royal charter (as a university college), and is one of the oldest universities in England. In 1836, King's became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London. In the late 20th century, King's grew through a series of mergers, including with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College of Science and Technology (in 1985), the Institute of Psychiatry (in 1997), the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery (in 1998).\nKing's has five campuses: its historic Strand Campus in central London, three other Thames-side campuses (Guy's, St Thomas' and Waterloo) nearby and one in Denmark Hill in south London. In 2018/19, King's had a total income of \u00a3902.0 million, of which \u00a3194.7 million was from research grants and contracts. It has the fourth largest endowment of any university in the United Kingdom, and the largest of any in London. It is the 12th largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment. Its academic activities are organised into nine faculties, which are subdivided into numerous departments, centres, and research divisions.\nIt is a member of academic organisations including the Association of Commonwealth Universities, European University Association, and the Russell Group. King's is home to six Medical Research Council centres and is a founding member of the King's Health Partners academic health sciences centre, Francis Crick Institute and MedCity. It is the largest European centre for graduate and post-graduate medical teaching and biomedical research, by number of students, and includes the world's first nursing school, the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery. King's is generally regarded as part of the \"golden triangle\" of elite universities located in the English cities of Oxford, Cambridge and London. \nGlobally, it was ranked 33rd in the 2020 QS World University Rankings, 35th in the 2019 CWTS Leiden Ranking, 36th in the 2020 THE World University Rankings, and 51st in the 2019 ARWU. King's was ranked 42nd in the world for reputation in the annual Times Higher Education survey of academics for 2018. Nationally it was ranked 25th in the 2020 Complete University Guide, 35th in the 2019 Times/Sunday Times University Guide, and 63rd in the 2020 Guardian University Guide.King's alumni and staff include 12 Nobel laureates; contributors to the discovery of DNA structure, Hepatitis C and the Higgs boson; pioneers of in-vitro fertilisation, stem cell/mammal cloning and the modern hospice movement; and key researchers advancing radar, radio, television and mobile phones. Alumni also include heads of states, governments and intergovernmental organisations; nineteen members of the current House of Commons and seventeen members of the current House of Lords; and the recipients of three Oscars, three Grammys and an Emmy.\nKing's enjoys royal patronage by virtue of its foundation. The current patron is Queen Elizabeth II.", "Q456706": "Andrea M\u00e1tay (born 27 September 1955 in Budapest) is a retired Hungarian high jumper. Her outdoor personal best jump was 1.94 metres, achieved in September 1979 in Mexico City. She had 1.98 m on the indoor track, from February 1979 in Budapest. It was a world indoor record. She won two medals at the European Indoor Championships. She became Hungarian champion in 1973, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1985.She was named Hungarian Sportswoman of The Year in 1979 after having won the European Indoor Championships and the Summer Universiade the same year.", "Q4117176": "Robert A. Kotick (born 1963) is an American businessman, who is CEO of Activision Blizzard. He was the head of several technology companies early in his career. He purchased a stake in Activision in 1990, and became CEO the next year. Kotick engineered the Activision Blizzard merger, and he became CEO of the combined company in 2008. He is on several company boards. From 2003 until 2008, he was a director at Yahoo!. In February 2012, he became a non-executive director of The Coca-Cola Company.", "Q459435": "A mockumentary (a portmanteau of mock and documentary) or docucomedy is a type of movie or television show depicting fictional events but presented as a documentary.These productions are often used to analyze or comment on current events and issues by using a fictional setting, or to parody the documentary form itself. While mockumentaries are usually comedic, pseudo-documentaries are their dramatic equivalents. However, pseudo-documentary should not be confused with docudrama, a fictional genre in which dramatic techniques are combined with documentary elements to depict real events. Also, docudrama is different from docufiction; a genre in which documentaries are contaminated with fictional elements.\nMockumentaries are often presented as historical documentaries, with B roll and talking heads discussing past events, or as cin\u00e9ma v\u00e9rit\u00e9 pieces following people as they go through various events. Examples emerged during the 1950s when archival film footage became available. A very early example was a short piece on the \"Swiss Spaghetti Harvest\" that appeared as an April Fools' prank on the British television program Panorama in 1957.\nThe term \"mockumentary\", which originated in the 1960s, was popularized in the mid-1980s when This Is Spinal Tap director Rob Reiner used it in interviews to describe that film.Mockumentaries are often partly or wholly improvised, as an unscripted style of acting helps to maintain the pretense of reality. Comedic mockumentaries rarely have laugh tracks, also to sustain the atmosphere, although exceptions exist.\nMusic \"is often employed to expose the ambiguities and fallacies of conventional storytelling; for instance by pointing at the paradoxes of the distinction between diegetic and extradiegetic music\".", "Q62876": "Friedrich Georg Christoph Alefeld (21 October 1820 \u2013 28 April 1872) was a botanist, author, and medical practitioner. Born in Weiterstadt-Gr\u00e4fenhausen, Grand Duchy of Hesse; he described a number of plant species in his published works, taking a particular interest in legumes and Malvaceae. He attempted to give a systematic treatment of German crops in one work, in addition to writing treatises on herbal baths and cultivated plants of potential usefulness. A number of his essays appeared in the botanical literature of the day.\nHis works include:\n\nArticles in Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift (Oesterr. Bot. Z.) The Austrian Botanical Magazine.\nLandwirthschaftliche flora: oder Die nutzbaren kultivirten Garten- und Feldgew\u00e4chse Mitteleuropa's in allen ihren wilden und Kulturvariet\u00e4ten f\u00fcr Landwirthe, G\u00e4rtner, Gartenfreunde und Botaniker insbesondere f\u00fcr landwirthschaftliche Lehranstalten. Berlin, Wiegandt & Hempel, 1866.\nGrundz\u00fcge der Phytobalneologie; oder, Der Lehre von den Kr\u00e4uter-B\u00e4dern. Neuwied, Heuser, 1863. {\"Outline of phytobalneology or the theory of herbal baths\").\nDie Bienen-Flora Deutschlands und der Schweiz. Neuwied, Heuser, 1863. (\"The bee-flora in Germany and Switzerland\"); A work that describes the plants of the region that are pollinated by honey bees.IPNI gives over 300 plants names with Alefeld as the author of the accepted descriptions. Many of these remain current.\nHe died at Ober-Ramstadt.", "Q90438": "Franziska Tausig (c. 1895 \u2013 1989) was an Austrian author. Her parents were deported to Theresienstadt and killed in Treblinka.\nShe gave birth to her son, Otto Tausig, in 1922 in Vienna. He later became an actor and director. In 1938, the persecution of Jews was heightening in Nazi-dominated Austria. She sent her son, Otto (then 16), to England through an advertisement in The Times calling for workers, thus saving him. In 1938, she acquired two tickets for the Usaramo, a ship that was supposed to be scrapped in Japan, which transported Jews to Shanghai on the way. She emigrated to Shanghai with her husband, who died there of tuberculosis shortly thereafter. Ten years later, in 1948, Tausig was reunited with her son in Vienna.In 1987, she published her memoirs with the title Shanghai Passage: Flucht und Exil einer Wienerin (escape and exile of a Viennese). In this book she describes her desperate escape from Austria.", "Q916973": "Funeral for a Friend are a Welsh post-hardcore band from Bridgend, formed in 2001.\nFuneral for a Friend's popularity rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their debut album, Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation (2003). Achieving both a gold certification and three top-twenty singles in their home country, Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation is often acclaimed as one of the landmark emo records of the 2000s. Hours (2005) featured a similar musical style to their debut, but also featured more melodic sensibilities, and Tales Don't Tell Themselves (2007) showed an evolution in Funeral for a Friend's musical style from that which defined their debut, as the group began to diverge from their use of screaming vocals and post-hardcore-influenced guitars, favouring a more melodic rock influence. These albums achieved gold and silver sales certificates respectively in the UK.\nFuneral for a Friend self-released their fourth album, Memory and Humanity (2008) through their short-lived record label Join Us, the album arguably being their most eclectic to date. Following this the band tied themselves to other independent labels for Welcome Home Armageddon (2011) Conduit (2013), and Chapter and Verse (2015), which showed the band returning to the more metal and hardcore-influenced style of their earlier work. In September 2015, they announced their break-up and final tour in 2016. On 21 May 2016, they played their last performance to a sold-out Forum in London.\nIn October 2019 they played three one-off benefit shows \u2013 two in Cardiff at the Cardiff University Student Union followed by one in London at Shepherd's Bush Empire.", "Q87144": "Karl Mathy (March 17, 1807 \u2013 February 3, 1868), was a Badensian statesman.\nHe was born at Mannheim. He studied law and politics at Heidelberg, and entered the Baden government department of finance in 1829. His sympathy with the revolutionary ideas of 1830, expressed in his paper the Zeitgeist, cost him his appointment in 1834, and he made his way to Switzerland, where he contributed to the Jeune Suisse directed by Mazzini.\nOn his return to Baden in 1840 he edited the Landtagszeitung at Karlsruhe, and in 1842 he entered the estates for the town of Konstanz. In 1843 Mathy founded a publishing house in Heidelberg together with Friedrich Daniel Bassermann, that would later become known as Bassermann'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. He became one of the opposition leaders and in 1847 helped to found the Deutsche Zeitung, a paper which eventually did much to further the cause of German unity.\nHe took part in the preliminary parliament and in the Frankfurt Parliament, where he supported the policy of Heinrich von Gagern, and after the refusal of Frederick William IV to accept the imperial crown he still worked for the cause of unity. He was made finance minister in Baden in May 1849, but was dismissed after a few days of office. He then applied his financial knowledge to banking business in Cologne, Berlin, Gotha and Leipzig. He was recalled to Baden in 1862, and in 1864 became president of the new ministry of commerce. He sought to bring Baden institutions into line with those of northern Germany with a view to ultimate union, and when in 1866 Baden took sides with Austria against Prussia he sent in his resignation. After the war he became president of a new cabinet, but he did not live to see the realization of the policy for which he had striven. He died at Karlsruhe.\nHis letters during the years 1846-1848 were edited by Ludwig Mathy (Leipzig, 1899), and his life was written by Gustav Freytag (Leipzig, 1869).\n\n This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Mathy, Karl\". Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 888.", "Q172335": "Frederico Jos\u00e9 Carlos Themudo \"Fritz\" d'Orey (born March 25, 1938 in S\u00e3o Paulo) is a former racing driver, from Brazil. He participated in three Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on July 5, 1959. He scored no championship points.", "Q1351751": "Alonzo \"Lonnie\" Johnson (February 8, 1899 \u2013 June 16, 1970) was an American blues and jazz singer, guitarist, violinist and songwriter. He was a pioneer of jazz guitar and jazz violin and is recognized as the first to play an electrically amplified violin.", "Q1281772": "Helen Kane (born Helen Clare Schroeder, August 4, 1904 \u2013 September 26, 1966) was an American singer and actress. Her signature song was \"I Wanna Be Loved by You\" (1928), featured in the musical film \"Good Boy\". Kane's voice and appearance were a source for Fleischer Studios animator Grim Natwick when creating Betty Boop. Kane attempted to sue the studio for claims of stealing her signature \"boop-a-doop\" style. However, it was revealed that Kane copied that style from Harlem jazz singer Baby Esther leading to the case's dismissal.", "Q229389": "Yunjin Kim (Hangul: \uae40\uc724\uc9c4; born November 7, 1973), also known as Kim Yun-Jin is a South Korean-American film and theater actress. She is best known for her role as Sun on the American television series Lost, and as the North Korean spy Bang-Hee in the South Korean film Shiri. She also starred as Dr. Karen Kim in the ABC drama series Mistresses.", "Q81207594": "Enoi (Korean: \uc774\uc5d4\uc624\uc544\uc774; stylized as ENOi), is a seven member South Korean boy group formed by KiTheWhale in 2019. The group debuted on April 19, 2019, with \"Bloom\".\n\n", "Q216179": "Bryan Ferry CBE (born 26 September 1945) is an English singer and songwriter. His voice has been described as an \"elegant, seductive croon\". He also established a distinctive image and sartorial style; according to The Independent, Ferry and his contemporary David Bowie influenced a generation with both their music and their appearances. Peter York described Ferry as \"an art object\" who \"should hang in the Tate\".Ferry came to prominence as the lead singer and main songwriter with the glam art rock band Roxy Music, achieving three no. 1 albums and 10 singles which reached the top 10 in the UK between 1972 and 1982. Their singles included \"Virginia Plain\", \"Street Life\", \"Love is the Drug\", \"Dance Away\", \"Angel Eyes\", \"Over You\", \"Oh Yeah\", \"Jealous Guy\", \"Avalon\", and \"More Than This\".\nFerry began his solo career in 1973, while still a member of Roxy Music. His early solo hits include \"A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall\", \"Let's Stick Together\" and \"This Is Tomorrow\". Ferry disbanded Roxy Music following the release of their best-selling album Avalon in 1982 to concentrate on his solo career, releasing further singles such as \"Slave to Love\" and \"Don't Stop the Dance\" and the UK no. 1 album Boys and Girls in 1985. When his sales as a solo artist and as a member of Roxy Music are combined, Ferry has sold over 30 million albums worldwide.As well as being a prolific songwriter himself, Ferry has recorded many cover versions of other artists' songs, including standards from the Great American Songbook, in albums such as These Foolish Things (1973), Another Time, Another Place (1974), Let's Stick Together (1976) and As Time Goes By (1999), as well as Dylanesque (2007), an album of Bob Dylan covers. In 2019, Ferry was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Roxy Music.", "Q972239": "Ivo H\u00e9lcio Jardim de Campos Pitanguy (July 5, 1926 \u2013 August 6, 2016) was a plastic surgeon based in Rio de Janeiro.Pitanguy studied at the Bethesda North Hospital in Cincinnati, where he worked with John Longacre. Soon after, Pitanguy went to France and England where he studied plastic surgery.\nIn 1953 he began working at a Brazilian hospital. On December 17, 1961, a burning circus tent fell on 2,500 spectators in the Brazilian city of Niter\u00f3i. Pitanguy treated burn victims for weeks on an emergency basis. He later referred to the event as life changing, as it taught him that for many, physical appearance was critical to living. Pitanguy founded a private clinic called Cl\u00ednica Ivo Pitanguy in the [[Botafogo][ section of Rio de Janeiro where he operated on clients and trained surgeons.\nPitanguy was also a philanthropist. He renovated a ward at the public Santa Casa da Miseric\u00f3rdia Hospital in Rio where, for four decades, he offered free treatment.\nPitanguy was a member of the Academia Brasileira de Letras and of the Academia Nacional de Medicina.\nThe Pitanguy clinic in Rio also includes an auditorium and library for Pitanguy's lectures and writings for medical students. He died one day after carrying the Olympic flame in his wheelchair, ahead of the Rio 2016 Olympic games.", "Q187814": "Tracy Chapman (born March 30, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter, known for her hits \"Fast Car\" and \"Give Me One Reason\", along with other singles \"Talkin' 'bout a Revolution\", \"Baby Can I Hold You\", \"Crossroads\", \"New Beginning\", and \"Telling Stories\". She is a multi-platinum and four-time Grammy Award\u2013winning artist.Chapman was signed to Elektra Records by Bob Krasnow in 1987. The following year she released her critically acclaimed debut album Tracy Chapman, which became a multi-platinum worldwide hit. The album earned Chapman six Grammy Award nominations, including Album of the Year, three of which she won, including Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for her single \"Fast Car\", and Best New Artist. Chapman released her second album Crossroads the following year, which garnered her an additional Grammy nomination. Since then, Chapman has experienced further success with six more studio albums, which include her multi-platinum fourth album New Beginning, for which she won a fourth Grammy Award, for Best Rock Song, for its lead single \"Give Me One Reason\". Chapman's most recent album is Our Bright Future, released in 2008.", "Q2631070": "The Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH, RGGU; Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0442, \u0420\u0413\u0413\u0423, romanized: Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj gumanitarnyj universitet, RGGU), is a university in Moscow, Russia with over 14,000 students. It was created in 1991 as the result of the merger of the Moscow Public University (est. 1908) and the Moscow State Institute for History and Archives (est. 1930). The institute occupies a network of historic buildings along the Nikolskaya Street in Kitay-gorod, including the former Moscow Print Yard and the cells of the Zaikonospassky monastery.", "Q57615": "Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8pe\u00f0\u027eu m\u0250nu\u02c8\u025b\u026b m\u0250\u02c8m\u025b\u00f0\u0268 \u02c8pasu\u0283 ku\u02c8e\u028eu]; born 24 July 1964) is a Portuguese politician and university teacher who was the 118th Prime Minister of Portugal, in office from 2011 to 2015. He was the leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) between 2010 and 2018. Passos Coelho started very early in politics, becoming the national leader of the youth branch of the PSD. A business manager by trade, he led the XIX Governo Constitucional (19th Constitutional Government of Portugal) and the XX Governo Constitucional (20th Constitutional Government) as head of government from 21 June 2011 to 26 November 2015. His term in office oversaw the application of the Troika bailout to Portugal and was marked by a wave of widespread austerity in both Portugal and abroad.", "Q21192427": "A crossover is the placement of two or more otherwise discrete fictional characters, settings, or universes into the context of a single story. They can arise from legal agreements between the relevant copyright holders, unauthorized efforts by fans or common corporate ownership.", "Q59638": "Baron Michel Edmond de Selys Longchamps (25 May 1813 \u2013 11 December 1900) was a Belgian Liberal Party politician and scientist. Selys Longchamps has been regarded as the founding figure of odonatology, the study of the dragonflies and damselflies. His wealth and influence enabled him to amass one of the finest collections of neuropteroid insects and to describe many species from around the world. His collection is housed in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences.\n\n", "Q11898": "Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten (German pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u026an\u02cc\u0283t\u028f\u0250ts\u0259nd\u0259 \u02c8n\u0254\u028f\u02ccba\u028at\u0259n], \"Collapsing New Buildings\") is a German experimental music group, originally formed in West Berlin in 1980. The group is currently composed of founder members Blixa Bargeld (lead vocals; guitar; keyboard) and N.U. Unruh (custom-made instruments; percussion; vocals), long-time contributor Alexander Hacke (bass; vocals), plus Jochen Arbeit (guitar; vocals), and Rudolf Moser (custom-built instruments; percussion; vocals), who both joined the line-up in 1997.\nOne of their trademarks is the use of custom-built instruments, predominantly made out of scrap metal and building tools, and noises, in addition to standard musical instruments. Their early albums were unremittingly harsh, with Bargeld's vocals shouted and screamed above a din of banging and scraping metal percussion. Subsequent recordings found the group's sound growing somewhat more conventional, yet still containing many unorthodox elements.", "Q241021": "Montrouge (French pronunciation: \u200b[m\u0254\u0303\u0281u\u0292]) is a commune in the southern Parisian suburbs, located 4.4 km (2.7 mi) from the centre of Paris, France. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe. After a long period of decline, the population has increased again in recent years.", "Q18102": "Saint-Mand\u00e9 (French: [s\u025b\u0303.m\u0251\u0303.de]) is a high-end commune of the Val-de-Marne department in \u00cele-de-France in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 5.3 km (3.3 mi) from the center of Paris. The municipality is the sixth smallest surface of \u00cele-de-France, and therefore one of the most densely populated ones in Europe. It is located on the edge of the 12th district of Paris, near the Porte de Vincennes and Porte de Saint-Mand\u00e9.\nThe motto of the city is \"Cresco et Floresco\", which means \"I grow and I flourish\".", "Q954598": "Johnny Colt (born Charles Brandt; May 1, 1966 in Cherry Point, North Carolina) is an American bass guitar player who formerly played with the southern rock bands Lynyrd Skynyrd and The Black Crowes.", "Q17557": "The California Republic (Spanish: La Rep\u00fablica de California) was an unrecognized breakaway state that for 25 days in 1846 militarily controlled an area north of San Francisco, in and around what is now Sonoma County in California.In June 1846, thirty-three American immigrants in Alta California who had entered without official permission rebelled against the Mexican department's government. Among their grievances were that they had not been allowed to buy or rent land and had been threatened with expulsion. Mexican officials had been concerned about a coming war with the United States and the growing influx of Americans into California. The rebellion was covertly encouraged by U.S. Army Brevet Captain John C. Fr\u00e9mont, and added to the troubles of the recent outbreak of the Mexican\u2013American War.\nThe name \"California Republic\" appeared only on the flag the insurgents raised in Sonoma. It indicated their aspiration of forming a republican government under their control. The rebels elected military officers but no civil structure was ever established. Their flag, featuring a silhouette of a California grizzly bear, became known as the Bear Flag and was later the basis for the official state flag of California.\nThree weeks later, on July 5, 1846, the Republic's military of 100 to 200 men was subsumed into the California Battalion commanded by Brevet Captain John C. Fr\u00e9mont. The Bear Flag Revolt and whatever remained of the \"California Republic\" ceased to exist on July 9 when U.S. Navy Lieutenant Joseph Revere raised the United States flag in front of the Sonoma Barracks and sent a second flag to be raised at Sutter's Fort.", "Q85035": "Friedrich Wilhelm Eugen Karl Hugo F\u00fcrst zu Hohenlohe-\u00d6hringen, Herzog von Ujest (27 May 1816 \u2013 23 August 1897) was a German nobleman, politician, mining industrialist and general in the armies of the kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg and the kingdom of Prussia. He was born in Stuttgart and died at Slawentzitz Castle. He was the son of August, Prince of Hohenlohe-\u00d6hringen and married Pauline Wilhelmine, youngest child of Charles Egon II, Prince of F\u00fcrstenberg.\nHis daughter Margaret of Hohenlohe-\u00d6hringen (1865-1940) married William of Hohenzollern, count of Hohenau (1854-1930), son of Albert of Hohenzollern, prince of Prussia.", "Q375390": "Justin Mauriello (born 1975) is the lead singer and guitarist for the alternative rock band Darling Thieves, and former guitarist and founding member of punk rock band Zebrahead.", "Q27494": "Zermatt is a municipality in the district of Visp in the German-speaking section of the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It has a population of about 5,800 inhabitants and is classified as a town by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO).\nIt lies at the upper end of Mattertal at an elevation of 1,620 m (5,310 ft), at the foot of Switzerland's highest peaks. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) from the over 3,292 m (10,801 ft) high Theodul Pass bordering Italy.\nZermatt is famed as a mountaineering and ski resort of the Swiss Alps. Until the mid-19th century, it was predominantly an agricultural community; the first and tragic ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 was followed by a rush on the mountains surrounding the village, leading to the construction of many tourist facilities. The year-round population (as of December 2018) is 5,758, though there may be several times as many tourists in Zermatt at any one time. Much of the local economy is based on tourism, with about half of the jobs in town in hotels or restaurants and just under half of all apartments are vacation apartments. Just over one-third of the permanent population was born in the town, while another third moved to Zermatt from outside Switzerland.In 1959, Zermatt was served as a filming location for Walt Disney's Third Man on the Mountain.", "Q313015": "Haakon VI of Norway (Norwegian: H\u00e5kon, Swedish: H\u00e5kan; 1340\u20131380), also known as H\u00e5kan Magnusson, was King of Norway from 1343 until his death and King of Sweden between 1362 and 1364. He is sometimes known as Haakon Magnusson the Younger to distinguish him from his great-grandfather, Haakon V (reigned 1299\u20131319).Haakon was the younger son of Magnus Eriksson, king of both Norway and Sweden. His older brother Eric was meant to succeed their father on the throne of Sweden, while Haakon was made king of Norway in his father's lifetime. Magnus greatly favored Haakon over Eric, leading to the latter's rebellion and seizure of Southern Sweden. Eric died in 1359, and Haakon became co-ruler of Sweden with his father three years later. The two reigned over Sweden together until 1364, when they were deposed in favor of Magnus' sororal nephew, Albert of Mecklenburg, by a clique of exiled Swedish noblemen led by Bo Jonsson Grip. Magnus and Haakon tried to retake the Swedish throne, but without success.In 1363, Haakon married Margaret, daughter of Valdemar IV of Denmark. The marriage, itself a significant element in the Nordic power struggle, resulted in the birth of one son, Olaf. Haakon's continuous conflicts with his father-in-law ended only with the latter's death in 1375. Haakon seized the opportunity to have his son elected Valdemar's successor, defeating the claims of his and his wife's Mecklenburg relatives.\nUpon his death in 1380, Haakon was succeeded by Olaf, with Margaret as regent. Olaf died childless seven years later, and Haakon's widow proceeded to assert authority over all three Scandinavian kingdoms as their first female monarch.", "Q831300": "Cementerio de la Chacarita in Buenos Aires, Argentina, is known as the National Cemetery and is the largest in Argentina.", "Q58240": "Sam Kahamba Kutesa (born 1 February 1949) is a Ugandan politician and lawyer. He is the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet of Uganda, a position he has held since 13 January 2005 and maintained through three cabinet reshuffles. He is also the elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Mawogola County in Sembabule District. He was the President of the United Nations General Assembly during its 69th session in 2014\u20132015.", "Q51": "Antarctica ( or (listen)) is Earth's southernmost continent. It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,200,000 square kilometres (5,500,000 square miles), it is the fifth-largest continent and nearly twice the size of Australia. At 0.00008 people per square kilometre, it is by far the least densely populated continent. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.\nAntarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Most of Antarctica is a polar desert, with annual precipitation of 200 mm (7.9 in) along the coast and far less inland; there has been no rain there for almost 2 million years, yet 80% of the world freshwater reserves are stored there, enough to raise global sea levels by about 60 m (100 ft) if all of it were to melt. The temperature in Antarctica has reached \u221289.2 \u00b0C (\u2212128.6 \u00b0F) (or even \u221294.7 \u00b0C (\u2212135.8 \u00b0F) as measured from space), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is \u221263 \u00b0C (\u221281 \u00b0F). Anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra.\nAntarctica is noted as the last region on Earth in recorded history to be discovered, unseen until 1820 when the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok and Mirny sighted the Fimbul ice shelf. The continent, however, remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile environment, lack of easily accessible resources, and isolation. In 1895, the first confirmed landing was conducted by a team of Norwegians. Antarctica's buried active volcanoes weren't discovered until 2013.Antarctica is a de facto condominium, governed by parties to the Antarctic Treaty System that have consulting status. Twelve countries signed the Antarctic Treaty in 1959, and thirty-eight have signed it since then. The treaty prohibits military activities and mineral mining, prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste disposal, supports scientific research, and protects the continent's ecozone. Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations.", "Q78190": "Karl Gerland (14 July 1905 in Gottsb\u00fcren \u2013 21 April 1945) was a Nazi Gauleiter of Kurhessen. On 21 April 1945 Gerland was killed during the fighting against the Soviet Red Army at Frankfurt (Oder).", "Q237809": "Margaret JoBeth Williams (born December 6, 1948) is an American actress and television director. Her directorial debut with the 1994 short film On Hope earned her an Academy Award nomination for Best Live Action Short Film. Since 2009, she has served as president of the Screen Actors Guild Foundation.\nWilliams rose to prominence appearing in such films as Stir Crazy (1980), Poltergeist (1982), The Big Chill (1983), The Day After (1983), Teachers (1984), and Poltergeist II: The Other Side (1986). A three-time Emmy Award nominee, she was nominated for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her work in the TV movie Adam (1983) and the TV miniseries Baby M (1988). Her third nomination was for her guest role in the sitcom Frasier (1993\u201394). She also starred in the TV series The Client (1995\u201396) and had recurring roles in the TV series Dexter (2007) and Private Practice (2009\u201311).", "Q706189": "Ludvig Immanuel Nobel ( noh-BEL; Russian: \u041b\u044e\u0301\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433 \u042d\u043c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0301\u043b\u044c, romanized: Lj\u00fadvig Emmanu\u00edlovich Nob\u00e9l\u2019; Swedish: Ludvig Emmanuel Nobel [\u02c8l\u0275\u030cd\u02d0v\u026a\u0261 n\u028a\u02c8b\u025bl\u02d0]; 27 July 1831, Stockholm \u2013 12 April 1888, Cannes) was a Swedish-Russian engineer, a noted businessman and a humanitarian. One of the most prominent members of the Nobel family, he was the son of Immanuel Nobel (also an engineering pioneer) and Andriette Nobel, and the older brother of Alfred Nobel (founder of the Nobel Prize). With his brother Robert, he operated Branobel, an oil company in Baku, Azerbaijan which at one point produced 50% of the world's oil. He is credited with creating the Russian oil industry. Ludvig Nobel built the largest fortune of any of the Nobel brothers and was one of the world's richest men. Following the Bolshevik revolution, the communists confiscated the Nobel family's vast fortune in Russia.", "Q48053": "Kirill Semyonovich Moskalenko (May 11, 1902 \u2013 June 17, 1985) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union. A member of the Soviet Army who fought in both the Russian Civil War and World War II, he later served as Commander in Chief of Strategic Missile Forces and Inspector General for the Ministry of Defense.", "Q16649": "The Clariden is a mountain in the Glarus Alps, located at an elevation of 3,267 m (10,719 ft) between the Swiss cantons of Uri and Glarus. While on the north the Clariden overlooks the 1,948 m (6,391 ft) high Klausen Pass, the south side is covered by large glaciers. The H\u00fcfifirn on the west is drained by the Ch\u00e4rstelenbach, a tributary of the Reuss that eventually flows into Lake Lucerne. The Claridenfirn on the east is drained by the Linth that eventually flows into Lake Z\u00fcrich.The mountain lies in the municipalities of Silenen and Spiringen, in the canton of Schwyz, and Glarus S\u00fcd, in the canton of Glarus. The nearest settlements are the villages of Untersch\u00e4chen to the north-west, and Linthal to the north-east, which lie at each end of the Klausen Pass.", "Q93657": "Kenneth Owen Morgan, Baron Morgan, (born 16 May 1934) is a Welsh historian and author, known especially for his writings on modern British history and politics and on Welsh history. He is a regular reviewer and broadcaster on radio and television. He has been an influential intellectual resource in the Labour Party.\n\n", "Q88511": "Andreas Brandhorst (born in Sielhorst, Rahden, Germany on 26 May 1956) is a translator (English to German) and author of fantasy and science fiction. In addition to writing under his own name, he uses the pseudonyms Thomas Lockwood and Andreas Weiler.\nHis short story \"Die Planktonfischer\" won the Kurd-La\u00dfwitz-Preis in 1983.", "Q166426": "Blonde Ice is a crime film noir released on July 24, 1948, directed by Jack Bernhard with music by Irving Gertz. The film was originally released as a B movie. This means the film is a low budget commercial film along with a feature movie. The film stars Leslie Brooks as Claire Cummings Hanneman, Robert Paige as Les Burns, and Michael Whalen as Stanley Mason. It is based on the 1938 novel Once Too Often by Elwyn Whitman Chambers. Claire is a society reporter and serial killer who is willing to go to extremes if it means publishing a story. She manages to keep herself in the headlines by marrying and seducing a series of wealthy men. However, all of these men die under certain mysterious circumstances. In order to protect her reputation, as well as deflect suspicion from herself, Claire frames her former boyfriend, the sportswriter Les Burns.", "Q87622": "Heinz K\u00fchn (18 February 1912 \u2013 12 March 1992) was a German Social Democratic Party (SPD) politician and the 5th Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia between 8 December 1966 and 20 September 1978. He was born and died in Cologne.", "Q449140": "James Roger McGuinn (born James Joseph McGuinn III; July 13, 1942) is an American musician. He is best known for being the frontman of the Byrds. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for his work with the Byrds.\n\n", "Q253343": "Jaimie Lauren Alexander (born Jaimie Lauren Tarbush; March 12, 1984) is an American actress. She is known for portraying Jessi on the TV series Kyle XY and Sif in the 2011 superhero film Thor, and its 2013 sequel. Since 2015, she has starred in the NBC series Blindspot.", "Q97431": "Eugen Adolf Hermann Petersen (16 August 1836 in Heiligenhafen \u2013 14 December 1919 in Hamburg) was a German classical archaeologist and philologist.\nHe studied classical philology at the universities of Kiel and Bonn, where his influences were Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker, Friedrich Ritschl and Otto Jahn. In 1859 he received his doctorate at Kiel with a thesis on Theophrastus. Following graduation he worked at the Istituto di Corrispondenza Archeologica in Rome, during which time, he investigated the recently discovered tombs of Via Latina.In 1862, he obtained his habilitation for classical philology at the University of Erlangen. From 1864, he taught classes at the gymnasium in Husum, then from 1869 worked in a similar capacity in Plon. From 1873 to 1879, he served as a professor of classical philology and archaeology at the University of Dorpat, and afterwards was named a successor to Otto Benndorf at the University of Prague.From 1882 to 1885, with Benndorf, Felix von Luschan, Karol Lanckoro\u0144ski and others, he participated in archaeological investigations in Asia Minor, about which, the treatises \"Reisen in Lykien, Milyas und Kibyratis\" (1889) and \"St\u00e4dte Pamphyliens und Pisidiens\" (1890-92) were published. In 1886, he was chosen first secretary of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI) in Athens, and during the following year, succeeded Wilhelm Henzen as manager of the DAI in Rome.", "Q288547": "Matthew Moore (January 8, 1888 \u2013 January 21, 1960) was an Irish-born American actor and director. He appeared in at least 221 motion pictures from 1912 to 1958.", "Q185965": "Sultanmahmut Toraygirov (Kazakh: \u0421\u04b1\u043b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043c\u0430\u0445\u043c\u04b1\u0442 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0493\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0432, 29 October 1893 \u2212 21 May 1920) was a prominent Kazakh writer and poet. He was born in Qyzyl Tau (near the city of Kokshetau) but moved to Bayanaul in the province of Pavlodar at the age of four. Toraygirov wrote his first poems when only 13 years old. From 1913 on, he was the sub-editor for the first Kazakh journal Aikap. In 1914 and 1915 he worked as a teacher in Bayanaul. In 1916 Toraygirov moved to Tomsk in Russia, but the next year the February Revolution made him return to Semey, in Kazakhstan. During this time he developed his style and wrote prolifically.\nToraygirov released several poem collections and his novel Beauty Kamar, released posthumously in 1933, was one of the first Kazakh language novels. He was very active politically, advocating both Kazakh national interests and the new Soviet ideals. Toraygirov died in 1920 at the age of 26.\nThe state university in Pavlodar is named after Toraygirov.", "Q55764": "Vilas Sarang (Devanagari: \u0935\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0902\u0917) (1942-2015) is one of the most significant modernist Indian writers, critics and translators to emerge in the post-independence period.\nVilas Sarang was born in 1942 in Karwar, a coastal town in Karnataka. He died on April 14, 2015. His father, of the non-Brahmin Bhandari caste, hailed from Malwan and was a magistrate. His mother came from Ratnagiri and reared six sons of whom Vilas Sarang is the youngest.\nHe studied in Marathi, the regional language, until high school, then attended Elphinstone College, Bombay, and obtained a doctorate in English Literature from Bombay University. From 1971 to 1974, Sarang studied in Bloomington, Indiana, from where he obtained a second doctorate in Comparative Literature under the direction of Professor Breon Mitchell.\nHe spent five years in Iraq (1974 to 1979), where he taught English at the University of Basrah. Sarang was head of the English Department at the Bombay University from 1988 to 1991, during which years he also edited The Bombay Literary Review. From 1991 to 2002, he taught at Kuwait University.\nHaving returned to India in 1979, he married Reba Dasgupta, of Bengali origin, in 1982, with whom he has two children. In June 2002, Sarang returned to Mumbai where he edits a literary journal called The Post Post Review.\nSarang's stories have appeared in the UK, US, Canada and India in journals such as Encounter, The London Magazine, TriQuarterly, The Malahat Review, and also in the anthologies New Writing in India (Penguin), The Penguin Book of Horror Stories and New Directions No. 41. His published books in English include a collection of stories, Fair Tree of the Void, and two novels, In the Land of Enki and The Dinosaur Ship.", "Q203574": "A Room with a View is a 1985 British romance film directed by James Ivory with a screenplay written by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, and produced by Ismail Merchant, of E. M. Forster's novel of the same name (1908). It stars Helena Bonham Carter as Lucy and Julian Sands as George, and features Maggie Smith, Denholm Elliott, Daniel Day-Lewis, Judi Dench and Simon Callow in supporting roles.\nSet in England and Italy, it is about a young woman named Lucy Honeychurch in the restrictive and repressed culture of Edwardian England, and her developing love for a free-spirited young man, George Emerson. The film closely follows the novel by use of chapter titles to distinguish thematic segments.\nA Room with a View received universal critical acclaim and was a box-office success. At the 59th Academy Awards, it was nominated for eight Academy Awards (including Best Picture), and won three: Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Art Direction, and Best Costume Design. It also won five British Academy Film Awards and a Golden Globe. In 1999, the British Film Institute placed A Room with a View 73rd on its list of the Top 100 British films of the 20th century.", "Q291016": "Marija Juri\u0107 (Croatian: [m\u01cerija j\u01d4\u02d0rit\u0255]; March 2, 1873 \u2013 November 30, 1957), known by her pen name Zagorka (IPA: [z\u01ce\u02d0\u0261o\u02d0rka]), was a Croatian journalist, writer and women's rights activist. She was the first female journalist in Croatia and is among the most read Croatian writers.", "Q32927": "Valery Yakovlevich Leontiev (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432; born 19 March 1949 in Ust-Usa, Komi ASSR, RSFSR, Soviet Union) is a Soviet and Russian pop singer whose popularity peaked in the early 1980s. Also occasional as songwriter and actor. He was titled a People's Artist of Russia in 1996. He is known as one of the most prominent artists of Soviet and Russian music. Over the course of his decades-long career, he has recorded more than 30 albums, many of which sold millions of copies. The media refers to Leontiev as a megastar and a legend of the Russian scene.", "Q74972": "James Guyon Jr. (December 24, 1778 \u2013 March 9, 1846 Staten Island) was an American politician from New York.\n\n", "Q205111": "Joseph Holt Ingraham (January 26, 1809 \u2013 December 18, 1860) was an American author.\nIngraham was born in Portland, Maine. He spent several years at sea, then worked as a teacher of languages in Mississippi. In the 1840s he published work in Arthur's Magazine. He became an Episcopal clergyman on March 7, 1852.\nIn Natchez, Ingraham married Mary Brooks, a cousin of Phillips Brooks.\nUnder the pen-name F. Clinton Barrington he wrote stories for popular publications like Gleason's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion. He met Henry Wadsworth Longfellow in 1846 and told him that he \"has written eighty novels, and of these twenty during the last year.\"Ingraham died at the age of 51, in Holly Springs, Mississippi from an accidental self-inflicted gunshot wound in the vestibule of his church.Ingraham wrote a series of three epistolary novels on biblical themes; The Pillar of Fire, The Throne of David and The Prince of the House of David. The first of these was supposed to illustrate the beginning of Hebraic power, the second its culmination and the last its decadence.", "Q3760670": "George Watson's College is a co-educational independent day school in Scotland, situated on Colinton Road, in the Merchiston area of Edinburgh. It was first established as a hospital school in 1741, became a day school in 1871, and was merged with its sister school George Watson's Ladies College in 1974. It is a Merchant Company of Edinburgh school and a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.\n\n", "Q289895": "Erna Berger (19 October 1900 \u2013 14 June 1990), was a German coloratura lyric soprano. She was best known for her Queen of the Night and her Konstanze.", "Q288553": "Jurga \u0160eduikyt\u0117 (born February 11, 1980, Klaip\u0117da, Lithuania), known by her stage names Jurga and formerly Dingau, is a Lithuanian singer and songwriter.", "Q377593": "Jiang Wenli (Chinese: \u848b\u96ef\u4e3d, born 20 June 1969) is a Chinese actress, director, producer, and screenwriter. A native of Tianjin, she graduated from the Beijing Film Academy in 1992. Li ranked 52nd on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2014.\n\n", "Q4796627": "Ars\u00e9nio Pomp\u00edlio Pompeu de Carpo (born Funchal 1792 \u2013 died 1869) was a Portuguese slave trader, freemason, poet and journalist, who was active mainly in Angola and Brazil.", "Q232965": "Andrea Donna de Matteo (born January 19, 1972) is an American actress, known for her roles as Angie Bolen on ABC's Desperate Housewives, Joey Tribbiani's sister Gina on the NBC sitcom Joey, Wendy Case on FX series Sons of Anarchy, and Adriana La Cerva on the HBO drama series The Sopranos, a role for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. She also played Detective Tess Nazario in NBC's Shades of Blue.", "Q140393": "James Simon Wallis Hunt (29 August 1947 \u2013 15 June 1993) was a British racing driver who won the Formula One World Championship in 1976. After retiring from racing in 1979, Hunt became a media commentator and businessman.\nBeginning his racing career in touring car racing, Hunt progressed into Formula Three, where he attracted the attention of the Hesketh Racing team and soon came under their wing. Hunt's often reckless and action-packed exploits on track earned him the nickname \"Hunt the Shunt\" (shunt, as a British motor-racing term, means \"crash\"). Hunt entered Formula One in 1973, driving a March 731 entered by the Hesketh Racing team. He went on to win for Hesketh, driving their own Hesketh 308 car, in both World Championship and non-championship races, before joining the McLaren team at the end of 1975. In his first year with McLaren, Hunt won the 1976 World Drivers' Championship, and he remained with the team for a further two years, although with less success, before moving to the Wolf team in early 1979. Following a string of races in which he failed to finish, Hunt retired from driving halfway through the 1979 season.\nAfter retiring from motor racing, he established a career commenting on Grands Prix for the BBC. He died from a heart attack aged 45.", "Q406643": "AirAsia Berhad (MYX: 5099) is a Malaysian low-cost airline headquartered near Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is the largest airline in Malaysia by fleet size and destinations. AirAsia Group operates scheduled domestic and international flights to more than 165 destinations spanning 25 countries. Its main hub is klia2, the low-cost carrier terminal at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. Its affiliate airlines Thai AirAsia, Indonesia AirAsia, Philippines AirAsia, AirAsia India and AirAsia Japan have hubs in Bangkok-Don Mueang, Jakarta-Soekarno\u2013Hatta , Manila-Ninoy Aquino, Bengaluru (Bangalore)-Kempegowda and Nayoga-Ch\u00fcbu Centair airports respectively, while its sister airline, AirAsia X, focuses on long-haul routes. AirAsia's registered office is in Petaling Jaya, Selangor while its head office is at Kuala Lumpur International Airport.\nAirAsia operates with the world's lowest unit cost of US$0.023 per available seat kilometre (ASK) and a passenger breakeven load factor of 52%. In 2007, The New York Times described the airline as a \"pioneer\" of low-cost travel in Asia. AirAsia is the sponsor of Malaysia national football team, Singapore national football team, Jamshedpur FC and Queens Park Rangers. AirAsia is also a former sponsor of Manchester United and Asia Red Tour.\nAirAsia has consistently been named as the world's best low-cost carrier for 11 years by Skytrax in a row in international travel and airline awards, including the latest award for 2019.", "Q203560": "1408 is a 2007 American psychological horror film based on Stephen King's 1999 short story of the same name. It is directed by Mikael H\u00e5fstr\u00f6m and stars John Cusack, Samuel L. Jackson, Mary McCormack, Tony Shalhoub, Len Cariou, Isiah Whitlock, Jr., and Jasmine Jessica Anthony. The film was released in the United States on June 22, 2007, although July 13 (which in 2007 fell on a Friday) is mentioned as the release date on the website.\nThe film follows Mike Enslin, an author who investigates allegedly haunted houses and rents the titular room 1408 at a New York City hotel. Although skeptical of the paranormal, he is soon trapped in the room where he experiences bizarre events. Reviews were mostly positive and the film did well at the box office.", "Q318154": "Nasser Asphalt (Wet Asphalt) is a 1958 West-German thriller starring Horst Buchholz and featuring Gert Fr\u00f6be, written by Will Tremper and directed by Frank Wisbar.\n\n", "Q378878": "Mitchell David Albom (born May 23, 1958) is an American author, journalist, screenwriter, dramatist, broadcaster, and musician. His books have sold over 39 million copies worldwide. Having achieved national recognition for sports writing in the earlier part of his career, he is perhaps best known for the inspirational stories and themes that weave through his books, plays, and films. Albom lives with his wife Janine Sabino in Detroit, Michigan.", "Q139136": "Charles A. Wilson Jr. (January 18, 1943 \u2013 April 14, 2013) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative for Ohio's 6th congressional district. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served in the Ohio State Senate and the Ohio House of Representatives.", "Q45563": "James David Rodriguez (; born April 4, 1976), known professionally as James Roday, is an American actor, director and screenwriter. He starred on the USA Network series Psych as hyper-observant consultant detective and fake psychic Shawn Spencer. He currently stars in A Million Little Things.", "Q213773": "Charlotte's Web is a 2006 American comedy-drama film based on the 1952 children's novel of the same name by E. B. White. Directed by Gary Winick and written by Susannah Grant and Karey Kirkpatrick, it is the second film adaptation of White's book, following a 1973 animated version produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. The film stars Dakota Fanning, Kevin Anderson, and Beau Bridges, with voices provided by Dominic Scott Kay, Julia Roberts, Steve Buscemi, John Cleese, Oprah Winfrey, Thomas Haden Church, Andr\u00e9 3000, Cedric the Entertainer, Kathy Bates, Reba McEntire and Robert Redford. Danny Elfman composed the film's score.\nProduced by Walden Media, Jordan Kerner's The K Entertainment Company and Nickelodeon Movies, the film premiered in Australia on December 7, 2006 and was released theatrically by Paramount Pictures on December 15, 2006 in the United States. The film received mostly positive reviews from critics yet wasn't commercially successful, grossing only $82 million and $61 million elsewhere for a worldwide total of $144.9 million against an $85 million budget, despite grossing an additional $95.2 million in home media sales.\n\n", "Q170250": "Bicentennial Man is a 1999 American science fiction comedy-drama film starring Robin Williams, Sam Neill, Embeth Davidtz (in a dual role), Wendy Crewson, and Oliver Platt. Based on the 1992 novel The Positronic Man by Isaac Asimov and Robert Silverberg (which is itself based on Asimov's original 1976 novelette \"The Bicentennial Man\"), the plot explores issues of humanity, slavery, prejudice, maturity, intellectual freedom, conformity, sex, love, mortality and eternal life. The film, a co-production between Touchstone Pictures and Columbia Pictures, was directed by Chris Columbus. The title comes from the main character existing to the age of two hundred years, and Asimov's novelette was published in 1976, the year the United States had its bicentennial.\nThough the film was a box-office bomb, makeup artist Greg Cannom was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Makeup at the 72nd Academy Awards. The theme song of the film, which was written by James Horner and Will Jennings and sung by Celine Dion, is \"Then You Look at Me\".", "Q86528": "Emil Bock (born May 19, 1895 in Barmen, died December 6, 1959 in Stuttgart) was a German anthroposophist, author, theologian and one of the founders of The Christian Community.\nIn 1914 he began a study of languages at the University of Bonn. However, the same year he enlisted as a volunteer in the First World War and was sent to the front in Flanders, where he was wounded. In 1916, he met for the first time the theologian Friedrich Rittelmeyer, and from 1918 he studied Protestant theology in Berlin, and graduated in 1921. The same year was one of the founders of the Christian Community in Switzerland. Bock soon became the leader of the seminar of the Christian Community, and after the death of Friedrich Rittelmeyer, he became the leader of the community in 1938.\nIn 1941, the Nazi regime banned the Christian Community due to its alleged \"Jewish\" and \"Masonic\" influence, and Bock was sent to the concentration camp Welzheim the same year. He was released from the concentration camp in 1942, however, but was under surveillance for the rest of the war. After the war, Bock was instrumental in the rebuilding of the community.", "Q4567114": "Johan Ulrik Olsen (2 August 1885 \u2013 4 October 1963) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.\nHe was born in Hitteren as a son of farmer Peder Olsen (1847\u20131933) og Dorothea Hesnes (1848\u20131931). He became a journeyman carpenter in 1899, at the age of 14, and worked in that field until 1914, when he started his own fishing business. He was involved in the local branch of the International Organisation of Good Templars, from 1917 to 1918 he was a board member of Norges kooperative landsforening, and from 1913 to 1940 and 1945 to 1947 he was the board chairman of the local newspaper Tidens Krav. He was a member of Kristiansund city council from 1913 to 1951, serving as mayor from 1934 to 1940 and 1945 to 1947. He also chaired the city school board from 1928 to 1933.Olsen was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1933, representing the constituency Market towns of M\u00f8re og Romsdal county. He was re-elected five times, ending his last term in 1961. From 1948 to 1958 he served as the Norwegian Minister of Local Government and Labour. He was the first to hold this position, and served in both Gerhardsen's Second Cabinet, Torp's Cabinet and Gerhardsen's Third Cabinet. As he was not actually present in Parliament while serving as a Minister, his seat was taken by deputies Gottfred Hoem (1948\u20131950), Karl Johan Aar\u00f8nes (1950\u20131954), Peter Kjeldseth Moe (1954\u20131956), Arnfinn Severin Roald (1956\u20131958) and Oscar Andreas Ingebrigtsen (1958\u20131958).Olsen has been credited for co-founding Utbyggingsfondet for Nord-Norge. He was the chairman of the board from 1952 to 1961, and also a board member of Norges Kommunalbank from 1946 to 1954.", "Q707283": "The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (pronounced [\u02ccd\u0254\u028ft\u0283\u0259 \u02c8f\u0254\u0250\u032f\u0283\u028a\u014bs\u0261\u0259\u02ccma\u026an\u0283aft], DFG [\u02ccde\u02d0\u0294\u025bf\u02c8\u0261e\u02d0]; English: German Research Foundation) is a German research funding organization, which functions as a self-governing institution for the promotion of science and research in the Federal Republic of Germany. In 2018, the DFG had a funding budget of almost 3.3 billion euros.", "Q5712": "Southwest Finland, directly translated as Finland Proper (Finnish: Varsinais-Suomi; Swedish: Egentliga Finland), is a region in the Southwest of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, Pirkanmaa, Tavastia Proper (Kanta-H\u00e4me), Uusimaa, and \u00c5land. The region's capital and most populous city is Turku.\nThe area comprising the Southwest is largely the same as the historical province of Finland Proper, so named because it is the original home of the tribe known as the Finns.", "Q271690": "Mars Attacks! is a 1996 American comic science fiction film directed by Tim Burton, who also co-produced it with Larry J. Franco. The screenplay, which was based on the cult trading card series of the same name, was written by Jonathan Gems. The film features an ensemble cast consisting of Jack Nicholson (in a dual role), Glenn Close, Annette Bening, Pierce Brosnan, Danny DeVito, Martin Short, Sarah Jessica Parker, Michael J. Fox, Rod Steiger, Tom Jones, Lukas Haas, Pam Grier, Natalie Portman, Jim Brown, Lisa Marie Smith and Sylvia Sidney.\nAlex Cox had tried to make a Mars Attacks film in the 1980s before Burton and Gems began development in 1993. When Gems turned in his first draft in 1994, Warner Bros. commissioned rewrites from Gems, Burton, Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski in an attempt to lower the budget to $60 million. The final production budget came to $80 million, while Warner Bros. spent another $20 million on the Mars Attacks! marketing campaign. Filming took place from February to November 1996. The film was shot in California, Nevada, Kansas, Arizona and Argentina.\nThe filmmakers hired Industrial Light & Magic to create the Martians using computer animation after their previous plan to use stop motion animation, supervised by Barry Purves, fell through because of budget limitations. Mars Attacks! was released theatrically by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on December 13, 1996 and received mixed reviews from critics. The film is now considered a cult film. The film grossed approximately $101 million in box office totals, which was seen as a disappointment. Mars Attacks! was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation and earned multiple nominations at the Saturn Awards.", "Q1377782": "Jerry Obern Scheff (born January 31, 1941) is an American bassist, best known for his work with Elvis Presley in the 1960s and 1970s as a member of his TCB Band and his work on The Doors' final recordings.\nScheff grew up in the Vallejo, California. After serving in the U.S. Navy he returned to California, ending up in Los Angeles as a session musician. After working at the Sands nightclub in Los Angeles with 16-year-old Billy Preston, Merry Clayton, and Don \"Sugarcane\" Harris, he played on his first hit record, The Association's \"Along Comes Mary\" (1966). That success led to other early record appearances with Bobby Sherman, Johnny Mathis, Johnny Rivers, Neil Diamond, Nancy Sinatra, Pat Boone, Sammy Davis Jr., Bobby Vinton, The Monkees, The Everly Brothers, Todd Rundgren, and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. In 1971, he appeared on L.A. Woman, the final album recorded by The Doors with Jim Morrison, playing bass on every track save one.In July 1969, Scheff became a member of Elvis Presley's touring TCB Band. With the band, he performed in concert with Presley from July 31, 1969 to February 23, 1973 and from April 24, 1975 until Presley's final show on June 26, 1977 at the now defunct torn down Market Square Arena in Indianapolis, Indiana. He appears on Elvis Presley RCA Albums such as Aloha from Hawaii Via Satellite (Elvis' 1973 live television concert), Elvis in Person at the International Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada, On Stage, That's The Way It Is, Elvis As Recorded At Madison Square Garden, the documentary movie from 1972 Elvis On Tour, From Elvis Presley Boulevard, Memphis, Tennessee and Moody Blue, among others.\nIn later years, Scheff worked with Elvis Costello, Crowded House, John Denver, Willy DeVille, The Doors, Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison, Sam Phillips, Demis Roussos, Richard Thompson, Chris Hillman, Bernie Leadon, Al Perkins, David Mansfield and many other artists. Scheff also was a bassist for Southern Pacific on their debut album. He also participated in the 1987 cable television concert Roy Orbison and Friends, A Black and White Night. In June 2009 he gave a sold out performance in Breda, Netherlands with the remaining TCB band members. Scheff has stopped touring with the TCB band due to creative and cultural differences.\nScheff has 2 sons: Jason, born in 1962, and his younger son, Darin for 1963. Darin, who became a very successful businessman, followed in his brothers footsteps, as a multi-instrumentalist, songwriter & vocalist. Jason was the bassist for the band Chicago from 1985 until May 2016. Jason Scheff co-wrote the song \"Bigger Than Elvis\" as a tribute to his father Jerry, featuring himself on vocals and Jerry on the bass guitar, though Jason kept the lyrics & vocals from Jerry to later surprise him, as the elder Scheff ( who was the tracks inspiration) when the song was completed for what was to be a March 1994 Album Release Chicago 22 / Stone Of Sisyphus.\nScheff wrote the 2012 musical autobiography titled Way Down: Playing Bass with Elvis, Dylan, the Doors, and More: The Autobiography of Jerry Scheff.From 2013 to 2017 Scheff performed concerts in England with the singer Jenson Bloomer, playing the greatest hits of Elvis Presley, Bob Dylan, and the Doors. While in 2019 he made a concert entirely dedicated to The Doors.", "Q335978": "John Whitney \"Jack\" Pickersgill, (June 23, 1905 \u2013 November 14, 1997) was a Canadian civil servant and politician. He was born in Ontario, but was raised in Manitoba. He was the Clerk for the Canadian Government's Privy Council in the early 1950s. He was first elected to federal parliament in 1953, representing a Newfoundland electoral district and serving in prime minister Louis St. Laurent's cabinet. In the mid-1960s, he served again in cabinet, this time under prime minister Lester B. Pearson. He resigned from parliament in 1967 to become the president of the Canadian Transport Commission. He was awarded the highest level of the Order of Canada in 1970. In his later years, he wrote books on Canadian history, and he died in 1997 in Ottawa.", "Q381563": "Aerov\u00edas de M\u00e9xico, S.A. de C.V. operating as Aerom\u00e9xico (stylized as AEROMEXICO), is the flag carrier airline of Mexico based in Mexico City. It operates scheduled services to more than 90 destinations in Mexico; North, South and Central America; the Caribbean, Europe and Asia. Its main base and hub is in Mexico City, with secondary hubs in Guadalajara and Monterrey. The headquarters is in the financial district on Paseo de la Reforma, formerly in its own building overlooking the Diana the Huntress Fountain, but moved down the street in 2017 to the Torre MAPFRE tower across from the Mexican Stock Exchange while the old building is demolished and replaced with a much taller new tower.\nGrupo Aerom\u00e9xico includes Aerom\u00e9xico, Aerom\u00e9xico Connect (regional subsidiary), and Aerom\u00e9xico Contigo (product on select U.S.-Mexico routes). The group currently holds the No. 2 place in domestic market share behind Volaris, with 24.2%; and No. 1 place in international market share with 15.8%, in the 12 months ending March 2020, becoming Mexico's largest international airline group. Aerom\u00e9xico is one of the four founding members of the SkyTeam airline alliance, along with Air France, Delta Air Lines and Korean Air.\nAerom\u00e9xico works closely with the U.S. carrier Delta Air Lines, which owns part of Aerom\u00e9xico and in 2015 announced its intention to acquire up to 49%. On 8 May 2017 a joint commercial agreement (JCA), came into effect, whereby the airlines share information, costs, and revenues on all their flights between the United States and Mexico.In 2016, the company flew 19.703 million passengers (up 5.0% vs. previous year), of which 13.047 million domestic (+3.7%)and 6.656 million international (+7.6%). It flew 34.776 million revenue passenger kilometers (RPKs), had 43.362 million available seat kilometers (ASKs), and an 80.3% load factor.", "Q247322": "The Z\u00e4hringerbrunnen (Z\u00e4hringen Fountain) is a fountain on Kramgasse in the Old City of Bern, Switzerland. It is a Swiss Cultural Property of National Significance and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Old City of Bern.", "Q173981": "Samuel Danford Nicholson (February 22, 1859 \u2013 March 24, 1923) was a United States Senator from Colorado. Born in Springfield, Prince Edward Island, Canada, he attended the public schools there and moved to Michigan and then to Nebraska and later, in 1881, to Leadville, Colorado.\nNicholson became interested in mining, and advanced from miner to foreman, superintendent, manager, and then president of the Western Mining Company. He discovered the zinc ore that bears his name, Nicholsonite.\nFrom 1893 to 1897, Nicholson was the Populist mayor of Leadville; he moved to Denver in 1902. In 1914 and 1916, he was an unsuccessful candidate for governor. During the First World War, he served as State chairman of the Liberty Loan and Victory loan campaigns, and was a member of the United States Fuel Administration. He was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1921, until his death in Denver on March 24, 1923. His interment was in Fairmount Cemetery in Denver.\n\n", "Q496536": "Kyung Hee University (Hangul: \uacbd\ud76c\ub300\ud559\uad50; Hanja: \u6176\u7199\u5927\u5b78\u6821) is a private university in South Korea with campuses in Seoul and Suwon. Founded in 1949, it is considered one of the best universities in South Korea. Kyung Hee University is part of the Kyung Hee University System, which offers comprehensive education from kindergarten through graduate school.As of 2018, about 33,000 students were enrolled in Kyung Hee University. The university is composed of 23 undergraduate colleges, 1 general graduate school, 13 speciality graduate schools and 49 auxiliary research institutions. The university offers a study abroad program in partnership with 434 sister universities in 69 countries.Kyung Hee University is known for its prestigious College of Korean Medicine, which is considered a leading school in traditional Korean medicine and other traditional Asian medical practices.", "Q1140182": "Crispian Steele-Perkins (born 18 December 1944) is an internationally acclaimed classical trumpeter who was educated at Copthorne Preparatory School, Marlborough College and the Guildhall School of Music.", "Q78184": "Anna Ovena Hoyer (born: Anke Han\u00df, aka Anna Ovena Hoyers, Swedish: Anna Orena H\u00f6ijer) (Koldenb\u00fcttel on Ejdersted peninsula 1584 \u2013 27 November 1655) was a writer and poet, originally German; active in Sweden from 1632. She belonged to the anabaptists and was a critic of Lutheranism.", "Q45": "Portugal (Portuguese: [pu\u027etu\u02c8\u0263al]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica Portuguesa [\u0281\u025b\u02c8pu\u03b2lik\u0250 pu\u027etu\u02c8\u0263ez\u0250]), is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe, being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.\nPortugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. The pre-Celtic people, \nCelts and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Suebi and Visigoths Germanic peoples. After the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, most of its territory was part of Al-Andalus. Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista. Founded in 868, the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of S\u00e3o Mamede (1128). The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique (1139), and independence from Le\u00f3n was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora (1143).In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global maritime and commercial empire under the leadership of Henry the Navigator, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers. During this period, today referred to as the Age of Discovery, Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration, notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King John II, with such notable voyages as Bartolomeu Dias' sailing beyond the Cape of Good Hope (1488), Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India (1497\u201398) and the European discovery of what would become Brazil (1500). During this time Portugal monopolized the spice trade, divided the world into hemispheres of dominion with Castille, and the empire expanded with military campaigns in Asia. However, events such as the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, the country's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil (1822) erased to a great extent Portugal's prior opulence.After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic was established, later being superseded by the Estado Novo authoritarian regime. Democracy was restored after the Carnation Revolution (1974), ending the Portuguese Colonial War. Shortly after, independence was granted to almost all its overseas territories. The handover of Macau to China (1999) marked the end of what can be considered one of the longest-lived colonial empires.\nPortugal has left a profound cultural, architectural and linguistic influence across the globe, with a legacy of around 250 million Portuguese speakers, and many Portuguese-based creoles. It is a developed country with an advanced economy and high living standards. Additionally, it is highly placed in rankings of moral freedom (2nd), peacefulness (3rd), democracy (7th), press freedom (12th), stability (15th), social progress (18th), and prosperity (26th). A member of the United Nations and the European Union, Portugal was also one of the founding members of NATO, the eurozone, the OECD, and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.", "Q549626": "Steve Sekely (1899\u20131979) was a Hungarian film director. Born Istv\u00e1n Sz\u00e9kely, he was known by several names, based on his changing professional and immigration status, including Stefan Szekely.\nHe directed films in Hungarian, German, and English.\nHe worked as a newspaper journalist in Germany, before returning to Hungary in the early 1930s. He directed one of the most famous classic Hungarian films, the frequently revived comedy Hyppolit, a lak\u00e1j (1931). That film was remade in 2000 and the original was later digitally restored and released on DVD.\nSekely left pre-war Hungary, fleeing growing Fascism and laws restricting rights and professional opportunities for Jews.\nHe worked in Hollywood for much of his subsequent career, directing mostly B movies and early episodic TV, although he directed his best-known English language film, the cult science fiction thriller The Day of the Triffids in the UK and returned to Hungary to direct his final film, The Girl Who Liked Purple Flowers, which was released in 1973.", "Q11132": "Sandra Day O'Connor (born March 26, 1930) is an American attorney, politician, and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1981 until her retirement in 2006. She was the first woman to serve on the Court.Prior to O'Connor's tenure on the Court, she was a judge and an elected official in Arizona, serving as the first female Majority Leader of a state senate as the Republican leader in the Arizona Senate. Upon her nomination to the Court, O'Connor was confirmed unanimously by the Senate. On July 1, 2005, she announced her intention to retire effective upon the confirmation of a successor. Samuel Alito was nominated to take her seat in October 2005 and joined the Court on January 31, 2006.\nAs a moderate Republican, O'Connor tended to approach each case narrowly without seeking to establish sweeping precedents. She most frequently sided with the Court's conservative bloc, having the swing opinion in many decisions. She often wrote concurring opinions that limited the reach of the majority holding. Her majority opinions in landmark cases include Grutter v. Bollinger and Hamdi v. Rumsfeld. She also wrote in part the per curiam majority opinion in Bush v. Gore, and was one of three co-authors of the lead opinion in Planned Parenthood v. Casey.\nDuring her time on the court, some publications ranked her among the most powerful women in the world. On August 12, 2009, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama.", "Q271848": "Diane Marie Antonia Varsi (February 23, 1938 \u2013 November 19, 1992) was an American film actress best known for her performances in Peyton Place \u2013 her film debut, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award \u2013 and the cult film Wild in the Streets. She left Hollywood in order to pursue personal and artistic aims, notably at Bennington College in Vermont, where she studied poetry with poet and translator Ben Belitt, among others.", "Q48047": "Boris Mikhaylovich Shaposhnikov (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0430\u0301\u043f\u043e\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432) (October 2 [O.S. September 20] 1882 \u2013 March 26, 1945) was a Soviet military commander, Chief of the Staff of the Red Army, and Marshal of the Soviet Union.\n\n", "Q172447": "Robert La Caze (26 February 1917 \u2013 1 July 2015) was a Moroccan-French racing driver. He was born in Paris, France, but raced under the Moroccan flag, the only driver to do so in F1 history. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1958 Moroccan Grand Prix, driving a privately run Formula 2 Cooper. He finished 14th, five laps behind the winner, scoring no championship points. He was classified third in the F2 class. He was the oldest living World Championship driver from the death of Paul Pietsch in May 2012 until his own death in July 2015.", "Q50608": "Chester Trent Lott Sr. (born October 9, 1941) is a former American politician and author. A former United States Senator from Mississippi, Lott served in numerous leadership positions in both the United States House of Representatives and the Senate. He entered Congress as one of the first of a wave of Republicans winning seats in Southern states that had been solidly Democratic. Later in his career, he became Senate Majority Leader, and, alternately, Senate Minority Leader. In 2003, he stepped down from the position after controversy due to his praising of senator Strom Thurmond's 1948 segregationist Dixiecrat presidential bid. His praise of the segregationist campaign was perceived by critics to be racially insensitive.\nFrom 1968 to 1972, Lott was an administrative assistant to Representative William M. Colmer of Mississippi, who was also the chairman of the House Rules Committee. Upon Colmer's retirement, Lott won Colmer's former seat in the House of Representatives. In 1988, Lott ran successfully for the U.S. Senate to replace another retiree, John C. Stennis. After Republicans took the majority in the Senate, Lott became Senate Majority Whip in 1995 and then Senate Majority Leader in 1996, upon the resignation of presidential nominee Bob Dole of Kansas.\nOn December 20, 2002, after significant controversy following comments regarding Strom Thurmond's presidential candidacy, Lott resigned as Senate Minority Leader. He resigned from the Senate in 2007 and fellow Republican Roger Wicker won the 2008 special election to replace him. Lott became a lobbyist, co-founding the Breaux\u2013Lott Leadership Group. The firm was later acquired by law and lobbying firm Patton Boggs. Lott serves as a Senior Fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Center (BPC), where he focuses on issues related to energy, national security, transportation and congressional reforms. Lott is also a co-chair of BPC's Energy Project.", "Q105817": "Kevin Delaney Kline (born October 24, 1947) is an American actor. He has won an Oscar and three Tony Awards and is a 2003 American Theatre Hall of Fame inductee.Kline began his career on stage in 1972 with The Acting Company. He has gone on to win three Tony Awards for his work on Broadway, winning Best Featured Actor in a Musical for the 1978 original production of On the Twentieth Century, Best Actor in a Musical for the 1981 revival of The Pirates of Penzance, and Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for the 2017 revival of Present Laughter.He made his film debut in Sophie's Choice (1982). For his role in the 1988 comedy hit A Fish Called Wanda, he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2003, he starred as Falstaff in the Broadway production of Henry IV, for which he won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play.\nHe has been nominated for two Emmy Awards, two BAFTA Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. His other films include The Big Chill (1983), Silverado (1985), Cry Freedom (1987), Grand Canyon (1991), Dave (1993), The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996), The Ice Storm (1997), In & Out (1997), Wild Wild West (1999), The Road to El Dorado (2000), De-Lovely (2004), The Conspirator (2010), My Old Lady (2014), and Beauty and the Beast (2017). Since 2011, Kline has had a recurring role on the animated comedy series Bob's Burgers.", "Q68397": "Jan Costin Wagner (born 13 October 1972 in Langen) is a German crime fiction writer. His novels are set in Finland and feature detective Kimmo Joentaa.", "Q729618": "Nicholas Katt (born May 11, 1970) is an American actor known for his role as unorthodox teacher Harry Senate on David E. Kelley's Fox drama series Boston Public. Katt's film roles include Clint Bruno in Dazed and Confused (1993), Billy Ray Cobb in A Time to Kill (1996), Tim in SubUrbia (1996), Stacy the hitman in The Limey (1999), Greg Weinstein in Boiler Room (2000), Adolf Hitler in Full Frontal (2002), Fred Duggar in Insomnia (2002), Stuka in Sin City (2005), and Nate Petite in Snow Angels (2008).", "Q1299129": "Matthew Shafer (born June 6, 1974), also known by his stage name Uncle Kracker, is an American singer-songwriter and musician known for his country and rock music. He was a turntablist for Kid Rock's backing group Twisted Brown Trucker and since 1999 has recorded as a solo artist. His singles \"Follow Me\" and \"Drift Away\" were top 10 hits on the Billboard Hot 100.", "Q21797": "Dmitry Mikhaylovich Karbyshev (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0431\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0432; October 26 [O.S. October 14] 1880, Omsk \u2014 18 February 1945, Mauthausen, Austria) was an officer of the Russian Imperial Army, a Red Army general, professor of the Soviet General Staff Academy (Doctor of Military Sciences), and Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).\n\n", "Q838330": "The University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison (also known as University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, regionally as UW\u2013Madison, or simply Madison) is a public research university in Madison, Wisconsin. Founded when Wisconsin achieved statehood in 1848, UW\u2013Madison is the official state university of Wisconsin, and the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System. It was the first public university established in Wisconsin and remains the oldest and largest public university in the state. It became a land-grant institution in 1866. The 933-acre (378 ha) main campus, located on the shores of Lake Mendota, includes four National Historic Landmarks. The University also owns and operates a historic 1,200-acre (486 ha) arboretum established in 1932, located 4 miles (6.4 km) south of the main campus.UW\u2013Madison is organized into 20 schools and colleges, which enrolled 30,361 undergraduate and 14,052 graduate students in 2018. Its comprehensive academic program offers 136 undergraduate majors, along with 148 master's degree programs and 120 doctoral programs. A major contributor to Wisconsin's economy, the university is the largest employer in the state, with over 21,600 faculty and staff.The UW is one of America's Public Ivy universities, which refers to top public universities in the United States capable of providing a collegiate experience comparable with the Ivy League. UW\u2013Madison is also categorized as a Doctoral University with the Highest Research Activity in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. In 2012, it had research expenditures of more than $1.1 billion, the third highest among universities in the country. Wisconsin is a founding member of the Association of American Universities. As of March 2020, 25 Nobel laureates, 2 Fields medalists and 1 Turing award winner have been associated with UW\u2013Madison as alumni, faculty, or researchers. Additionally, as of November 2018, the current CEOs of 14 Fortune 500 companies have attended UW\u2013Madison, the most of any university in the United States.Among the scientific advances made at UW\u2013Madison are the single-grain experiment (which marked the birth of modern nutrition science), the discovery of vitamins A and B by Elmer McCollum and Marguerite Davis, the development of the anticoagulant medication warfarin by Karl Paul Link, the first chemical synthesis of a gene by Har Gobind Khorana, the discovery of the retroviral enzyme reverse transcriptase by Howard Temin, and the first synthesis of human embryonic stem cells by James Thomson. UW\u2013Madison was also the home of both the prominent \"Wisconsin School\" of economics and of diplomatic history, while UW\u2013Madison professor Aldo Leopold played an important role in the development of modern environmental science and conservationism, articulating his philosophy of a \"land ethic\" in his influential book A Sand County Almanac.The Wisconsin Badgers compete in 25 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division I Big Ten Conference and have won 28 national championships. Wisconsin students and alumni have won 50 Olympic medals (13 gold, 24 silver, and 13 bronze).", "Q1318423": "Australians are people associated with the country of Australia, usually holding Australian citizenship. Australia is a multicultural society and has the world's ninth-largest immigrant population, with immigrants accounting for 29 percent of the population as of 2017.Between 1788 and the Second World War, the vast majority of settlers and immigrants came from the British Isles (principally England, Ireland and Scotland). Many early British settlements were penal colonies to house transported convicts. Immigration of \"free settlers\" increased exponentially from the 1850s, following a series of gold rushes. In the decades immediately following the Second World War, Australia received a large wave of immigration from across Europe, with many more immigrants arriving from Southern and Eastern Europe than in previous decades. Since the end of the White Australia policy in 1973, Australia has pursued an official policy of multiculturalism, and there has been a large and continuing wave of immigration from across the world, with the primary sources of immigrants today being Asian countries. A smaller proportion are descended from Australia's indigenous peoples, comprising Aboriginal Australians, Aboriginal Tasmanians and Torres Strait Islanders.The development of a separate Australian identity and national character began in the 19th century, linked with the anti-transportation and nativist movements and the Eureka Rebellion during the colonial period and culminated in the federation of the Australian colonies in 1901. The primary language is Australian English, and Australian culture and literature developed from \"Anglo-Celtic\" traditions. However, modern Australian identity draws on a variety of cultural heritages beyond the previous monoculture.", "Q702": "The Federated States of Micronesia ( (listen); abbreviated FSM and also known simply as Micronesia) is an independent republic associated with the United States. It consists of four states \u2013 from west to east, Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae \u2013 that are spread across the Western Pacific Ocean. Together, the states comprise around 607 islands (a combined land area of approximately 702 km2 or 271 sq mi) that cover a longitudinal distance of almost 2,700 km (1,678 mi) just north of the equator. They lie northeast of New Guinea, south of Guam and the Marianas, west of Nauru and the Marshall Islands, east of Palau and the Philippines, about 2,900 km (1,802 mi) north of eastern Australia, 3,400 km (2,133 mi) southeast of Japan, and some 4,000 km (2,485 mi) southwest of the main islands of Hawaii.\nWhile the FSM's total land area is quite small, it occupies more than 2,600,000 km2 (1,000,000 sq mi) of the Pacific Ocean, giving the country the 14th-largest exclusive economic zone in the world. The sovereign island nation's capital is Palikir, located on Pohnpei Island, while the largest city is Weno, located in the Chuuk Atoll.\nEach of its four states is centered on one or more main high islands, and all but Kosrae include numerous outlying atolls. The Federated States of Micronesia is spread across part of the Caroline Islands in the wider region of Micronesia, which consists of thousands of small islands divided among several countries. The term Micronesia may refer to the Federated States or to the region as a whole.\nThe FSM was formerly a part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI), a United Nations Trust Territory under U.S. administration, but it formed its own constitutional government on May 10, 1979, becoming a sovereign state after independence was attained on November 3, 1986, under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Other neighboring island entities, and also former members of the TTPI, formulated their own constitutional governments and became the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) and the Republic of Palau (ROP). The FSM has a seat in the United Nations and has been a member of the Pacific Community since 1983.", "Q721244": "John II of Anjou (Nancy, August 2, 1426 \u2013 December 16, 1470, Barcelona) was Duke of Lorraine from 1453 to his death. He was the son of Ren\u00e9 of Anjou and Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine.", "Q57601": "Roland Freisler (30 October 1893 \u2013 3 February 1945) was a German Nazi jurist, judge, and politician who served as the State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Justice from 1934 to 1942 and President of the People's Court from 1942 to 1945.\nHe was a prominent ideologist of National Socialism who influenced the Nazification of Germany's legal system as a jurist, and attended the Wannsee Conference which set in motion the Holocaust. He was appointed President of the People's Court in 1942, overseeing the prosecution of notable political crimes as a judge, for which he became infamous for his aggressive personality, humiliation of defendants, and frequent sentencing with the death penalty.\nAlthough the death penalty was abolished with the creation of the Federal Republic, he is also notable as defining murder in German law in 1941, which survives to date in the Strafgesetzbuch \u00a7 211.", "Q95554": "Heinz Knoke (24 March 1921 \u2013 18 May 1993) was a World War II Luftwaffe flying ace. He is credited with 33 confirmed aerial victories, all claimed over the Western theatre of operations, and claimed a further 19 unconfirmed kills in over 2,000 flights. His total included 19 heavy bombers of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF).\n\n", "Q313767": "Vasily Semyonovich Grossman (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d, Ukrainian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d; 12 December (29 November, Julian calendar) 1905 \u2013 14 September 1964) was a Russian writer and journalist. Born to a Jewish family in Ukraine, then a part of the Russian Empire, Grossman trained as a chemical engineer at Moscow State University, earning the nickname Vasya-khimik (Vasya the Chemist) because of his diligence as a student. Upon graduation he took a job in Stalino (now Donetsk) in the Donets Basin. In the 1930s he changed careers. He began writing full-time and published a number of short stories and several novels. At the outbreak of the Second World War, he was engaged as a war correspondent by the Red Army newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda; he wrote first-hand accounts of the battles of Moscow, Stalingrad, Kursk and Berlin. Grossman's eyewitness reports of a Nazi extermination camp, following the discovery of Treblinka, were among the earliest accounts of a Nazi death camp by a reporter.\nWhile Grossman was never arrested by the Soviet authorities, his two major literary works (Life and Fate and Forever Flowing) were censored during the ensuing Nikita Khrushchev period as unacceptably anti-Soviet, and Grossman himself became in effect a nonperson. The KGB raided Grossman's flat after he had completed Life and Fate, seizing manuscripts, notes and even the ribbon from the typewriter on which the text had been written. Grossman was told by the Communist Party's chief ideologist Mikhail Suslov that the book could not be published for two or three hundred years. At the time of Grossman's death from stomach cancer in 1964 these books remained unreleased. Hidden copies were eventually smuggled out of the Soviet Union by a network of dissidents, including Andrei Sakharov and Vladimir Voinovich, and first published in the West, before appearing in the Soviet Union in 1988.", "Q85747": "Gernot Zippe (November 1917 \u2013 7 May 2008) was an Austrian-German mechanical engineer who is widely credited with leading the team which developed the Zippe-type centrifuge, a centrifuge machine for the enrichment and collection of Uranium-235.\n\n", "Q144693": "Zak\u012b al-Ars\u016bz\u012b (Arabic: \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0632\u064a\u200e; June 1899 \u2013 2 July 1968) was a Syrian philosopher, philologist, sociologist, historian, and Arab nationalist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of Ba'athism and its political movement. He published several books during his lifetime, most notably The Genius of Arabic in its Tongue (1943).\nBorn into a middle-class family in Latakia, Syria, al-Arsuzi studied at the Sorbonne, where he became interested in nationalism. In 1930, he returned to Syria, where he became a member of the League of National Action (LNA) in 1933. In 1938, he moved to Damascus because of his disillusionment with party work, and in 1939, he left the LNA. In Damascus al-Arsuzi established and headed a group consisting of mostly secondary school pupils who would often discuss European history, nationalism and philosophy. Shortly after leaving the LNA, al-Arsuzi established the Arab National Party, an Arab nationalist party with a \"defined creed\". It was not a success and, on his return to Syria in November 1940 after a brief stay in Baghdad, al-Arsuzi established a new party, the Arab Ba'ath; by 1944, however, most of its members had left and joined Michel Aflaq's and Salah al-Din al-Bitar's Arab Ba'ath Movement, which subscribed to a nearly identical doctrine.\nIn 1947, the two movements merged, forming a single Arab Ba'ath Party. Despite the merger, Al-Arsuzi neither attended its founding conference nor was given membership.\nDuring the rest of the 1940s and 1950s, al-Arsuzi stayed out of politics and worked as a teacher. He made a comeback during the 1960s power struggle in the Ba'ath Party between Aflaq and al-Bitar on one hand and Salah Jadid and Hafiz al-Assad on the other. When Aflaq and al-Bitar lost the power struggle and were forced to escape from Syria in 1966, al-Arsuzi replaced Aflaq as the main ideologue of the Syrian-led faction of the Ba'ath Party.\nAl-Arsuzi's theories about society, language and nationalism, which are collectively part of Ba'athist thought, hold that the Arab Nation will be unified when the Arab people reestablish the Arab identity they have lost over the past 1000 years. The key to Arab unification, according to al-Arsuzi, is through language. In contrast to the Latin language, al-Arsuzi argued, Arabic was far less arbitrary and far more intuitive. Despite his contributions to Ba'athist thought, al-Arsuzi is barely mentioned in Western or Arab scholarship. This omission may be linked to the fact that Sati' al-Husri, a contemporary Arab nationalist, had many of the same ideas as al-Arsuzi but was better able to articulate them.", "Q1348214": "Sebastian Pietro Innocenzo Adhemar Ziani de Ferranti (9 April 1864 \u2013 13 January 1930) was a British electrical engineer and inventor.\n\n", "Q2835155": "Alfred Gilpin Jones, (September 28, 1824 \u2013 March 15, 1906) was a Canadian businessman, politician, and eighth Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia.Born in Weymouth, Nova Scotia, the son of Guy Carleton Jones and Frances Jones, he was a merchant and established his own firm, A. G. Jones and Company, in 1872.\n\nIn 1867, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Halifax. One of 18 members elected of the Anti-Confederation Party, he became an independent in 1869 and was defeated in 1872. He was re-elected in 1874 but was forced to resign in 1878 due to an alleged breach of the Independence of Parliament Act. He was re-elected in the resulting 1878 by-election and was appointed Minister of Militia and Defence from January to October. He was defeated in the 1878 election and in 1882. He was re-elected in 1887 as a Liberal but was defeated in 1891.\nFrom 1900 until his death in Halifax in 1906, he was the Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia.\n\n", "Q221919": "Gudo Wafu Nishijima (\u897f\u5d8b\u611a\u9053\u548c\u592b Nishijima Gud\u014d Wafu, 29 November 1919 \u2013 28 January 2014) was a Japanese Zen Buddhist priest and teacher.", "Q295502": "Darren Everett Criss (born February 5, 1987) is an American actor, singer and songwriter. He received Emmy and Golden Globe acting awards for his leading role in The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story (2018). He has also appeared on Broadway and in film, and has released several recordings as a soloist and in a band.\nA founding member and co-owner of StarKid Productions, a musical theater company based in Chicago, Criss first garnered attention playing the lead role of Harry Potter in, and writing most of the music and lyrics for, StarKid's musical production of A Very Potter Musical. The theater troupe made Billboard history when their original album, Me and My Dick, became the first charting student-produced musical recording, debuting at number eleven on the Top Cast Albums chart in 2010. Criss has also starred on Broadway in How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying and Hedwig and the Angry Inch. In 2015, Criss co-founded Elsie Fest which is touted as \"New York City's first outdoor music festival celebrating tunes from the stage and screen\".Criss is best known for his portrayal of Blaine Anderson on the Fox musical comedy-drama series Glee from 2010 until 2015. Initially appearing as the lead vocalist of Glee's Dalton Academy Warblers, Criss' first number, a cover version of \"Teenage Dream\", became the fastest-selling Glee single, reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100, and was certified gold in the US. The Warblers have sold over 1.3 million tracks, and the soundtrack album, Glee: The Music Presents the Warblers (2011), peaked at number two on the US Billboard 200. He was nominated for an Emmy Award in 2015 for writing the song \"This Time\" for the Glee finale.\nIn March 2017, Criss debuted his indie pop band Computer Games along with his brother Chuck Criss. Their first album, Lost Boys Life EP features 4 songs written by the duo. The lead single \"Every Single Night\" debuted at #2 on Billboard's \"Hot Singles\". In December 2017, Criss released a 5-track solo EP titled Homework. The EP debuted #1 on Billboard's Heatseekers Chart and #7 on Billboard's Independent Albums Chart.In addition to his music endeavors, Criss starred in the second installment of Ryan Murphy's American Crime Story. Subtitled The Assassination of Gianni Versace (2018), Criss's portrayal of spree killer Andrew Cunanan received acclaim from critics, and earned him an Emmy win for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Miniseries, or Television Film. Criss became the very first Asian American actor to win an Emmy for acting.", "Q859902": "Shuta Sueyoshi (\u672b\u5409 \u79c0\u592a, Sueyoshi Sh\u016bta, born December 11, 1986 in Nagasaki) is a Japanese singer, actor and dancer who is a member of the group AAA.\n\n", "Q122516": "Georg Friedrich Heilmann (1785\u20131862) was a Swiss military figure, politician and landscape painter.", "Q275390": "Lucille Nelson Hegamin (November 29, 1894 \u2013 March 1, 1970) was an American singer and entertainer and an early African-American blues recording artist.", "Q1212": "Montana ( (listen)) is a state in the Northwestern United States. Montana has several nicknames, although none are official, including \"Big Sky Country\" and \"The Treasure State\", and slogans that include \"Land of the Shining Mountains\" and more recently \"The Last Best Place\".Montana is the fourth-largest in area, the 8th least populous, and the third-least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states. The western half of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In all, 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains. The eastern half of Montana is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands. Montana is bordered by Idaho to the west, Wyoming to the south, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan to the north.\nThe economy is primarily based on agriculture, including ranching and cereal grain farming. Other significant economic resources include oil, gas, coal, hard rock mining, and lumber. The health care, service, and government sectors also are significant to the state's economy.\nThe state's fastest-growing sector is tourism. Nearly 13 million tourists annually visit Glacier National Park, Yellowstone National Park, Beartooth Highway, Flathead Lake, Big Sky Resort, and other attractions.", "Q128985": "Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, (10 February 1894 \u2013 29 December 1986) was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963. Dubbed \"Supermac\", he was known for his pragmatism, wit and unflappability.\nMacmillan served in the Grenadier Guards during the First World War. He was wounded three times, most severely in September 1916 during the Battle of the Somme. He spent the rest of the war in a military hospital unable to walk, and suffered pain and partial immobility for the rest of his life. After the war Macmillan joined his family business, then entered Parliament at the 1924 general election for the northern industrial constituency of Stockton-on-Tees. After losing his seat in 1929, he regained it in 1931, soon after which he spoke out against the high rate of unemployment in Stockton-On-Tees, and against appeasement. Rising to high office during the Second World War as a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of wartime Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Macmillan then served as Foreign Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer under Churchill's successor Sir Anthony Eden. When Eden resigned in 1957 following the Suez Crisis, Macmillan succeeded him as Prime Minister and Leader of the Conservative Party. As a One Nation Tory of the Disraelian tradition, haunted by memories of the Great Depression, he believed in the post-war settlement and the necessity of a mixed economy, championing a Keynesian strategy of public investment to maintain demand and pursuing corporatist policies to develop the domestic market as the engine of growth. Benefiting from favourable international conditions, he presided over an age of affluence, marked by low unemployment and high\u2014if uneven\u2014growth. In his Bedford speech of July 1957 he told the nation they had 'never had it so good', but warned of the dangers of inflation, summing up the fragile prosperity of the 1950s. The Conservatives were re-elected in 1959 with an increased majority. \nIn international affairs, Macmillan rebuilt the Special Relationship with the United States from the wreckage of the Suez Crisis (of which he had been one of the architects), and facilitated the decolonisation of sub-Saharan Africa. Reconfiguring the nation's defences to meet the realities of the nuclear age, he ended National Service, strengthened the nuclear forces by acquiring Polaris, and pioneered the Nuclear Test Ban with the United States and the Soviet Union. Belatedly recognising the dangers of strategic dependence, he sought a new role for Britain in Europe, but his unwillingness to disclose United States nuclear secrets to France contributed to a French veto of the United Kingdom's entry into the European Economic Community. Near the end of his premiership, his government was rocked by the Vassall and Profumo scandals, which to some, especially the rebellious youth of the 1960s, seemed to symbolise the moral decay of the British establishment. After his resignation, Macmillan lived out a long retirement as an elder statesman. He was as trenchant a critic of his successors in his old age as he had been of his predecessors in his youth. In 1986, he died at the age of 92.\nMacmillan was the last British prime minister born during the Victorian era, the last to have served in the First World War and the last to receive a hereditary peerage. At the time of his death, he was the longest-lived prime minister in British history, a record surpassed by James Callaghan in February 2005.", "Q107966": "Simon Rottmanner (also known under the pseudonyms Theobald Fr\u00f6hlich, Johann T. zu Schollenberg and Theophilus Neumann; 2 February 1740 \u2013 6 September 1813) was a German writer, agrarian reformer, jurist, landowner and accountant. He was born in Rottmann-Hof near Erding and died in Ast. \n\nAmong his works was an anonymously published discussion of Bavarian laws limiting home-brewing, and their economic and social effects, Ueber die Sch\u00e4dlichkeit des Bierzwanges und der Nothwirthe in Bayern (1799).He was the father of the poet, philosopher, and politician Karl Rottmanner and the uncle of composer and organist Eduard Rottmanner.", "Q957085": "Norman Nawrocki (born in Vancouver, British Columbia), is a Montreal-based comedian, sex educator, cabaret artist, musician, author, actor, producer and composer. Nawrocki together with Sylvain C\u00f4t\u00e9 were the founding members of \"rock 'n roll cabaret\" band Rhythm Activism. Nawrocki owns Les Pages Noires, through which he has published twenty albums and three books.", "Q733640": "Jacob Isra\u00ebl de Haan (31 December 1881 \u2013 30 June 1924) was a Dutch-Jewish literary writer, jurist and journalist who was assassinated in Jerusalem by the Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah for his anti-Zionist political activities and contacts with Arab leaders.", "Q1353152": "Jonathan Jacob Charles William Smith (born January 21, 1990) is an American actor. He began his career as a young child, making several guest appearances on popular TV shows before being cast as Owen Salinger on Party of Five, a role he held for two years. After the series' end, Smith went on to appear in Phantom of the Megaplex, a Disney Channel Original Movie, in 2000 and then in Cheaper by the Dozen and its sequel, Cheaper by the Dozen 2, in 2003 and 2005, respectively.", "Q544464": "Angus Stanley King Jr. (born March 31, 1944) is an American politician and attorney serving as the junior United States Senator from Maine since 2013. A political independent since 1993, he was the 72nd Governor of Maine from 1995 to 2003.\nKing won Maine's 2012 Senate election to replace the retiring Republican Olympia Snowe and took office on January 3, 2013. He was reelected to a second term in 2018, following the state's inaugural instant-runoff voting elections. For committee assignment purposes, he caucuses with the Democratic Party. He is one of two independents currently serving in the Senate, the other being Bernie Sanders of Vermont.", "Q1801978": "Carl August Tidemann (born 7 June 1971) is a highly technical Norwegian Neo-classical metal guitarist and composer, best known for his work in progressive bands like Arcturus and Winds.", "Q1305314": "Peter Wolbrandt (born 28 October 1949 in Ulm), is a German guitarist most known as a founding member, composer, and player for 40 years in the rock and fusion band Kraan. In the latter part of the 1960s together with his younger brother Jan Fride Wolbrandt and fellow student Hellmut Hattler he played in several formations until they founded Kraan. Wolbrandt is featured in almost all the band's tours and recordings. In 1975 and 1982/83 he played in Mani Neumeiers band Guru Guru. During a two-year pause taken by Kraan in the 1970s, he published a solo album. In 1976 he also recorded the group Highdelberg's eponymous experimental album with Ax Genrich, Hans-Joachim Roedelius, and Hellmut Hattler. In 1980 with Kraan, he composed the film score for the German movie Warum die UFOs unseren Salat klauen. by author and director Hansj\u00fcrgen Pohland During a longer Kraan break from 1992 to 2000 he worked as a graphic artist and programmer and founded a company with his brother. On the occasion of their 30-year anniversary, Kraan reformed in the spring of 2000 and continues to play with Wolbrandt.", "Q98070": "Otto Hirsch (January 9, 1885 \u2013 June 19, 1941) was a German and Jewish jurist and politician during the Weimar Republic. He was born in Stuttgart, Germany and died in Mauthausen concentration camp.", "Q456712": "Veronica Webb (born February 25, 1965) is an American model, actress, writer, and television personality. The first African-American to have a major cosmetics contract, Webb has appeared on covers of Vogue, Essence and Elle magazines and on the runway for Victoria's Secret and Chanel.", "Q534183": "Samantha Harris (born Samantha Harris Shapiro; November 27, 1973) is an American television presenter, model, and entertainment reporter and actress, known as the co-host of seasons two through nine of Dancing with the Stars with Tom Bergeron. From 2010\u201312, she was a correspondent at Entertainment Tonight. In September 2015, she returned to the program as a co-anchor for the weekend edition.", "Q725022": "John MacLean, better known by the stage name of The Juan MacLean, is an American electronic musician.", "Q120301": "Danilo Arbilla (born 1943 in Casup\u00e1) is a Uruguayan journalist. He was a former President of the Inter American Press Association who had shared the 1992 Maria Moors Cabot prize.", "Q108466": "John H. Dessauer, also known as Hans Dessauer, (13 May 1905 \u2013 12 August 1993) was a German-American chemical engineer and an innovator in developing xerography. He was instrumental in turning a $7 million company of the 1930s into Xerox, a billion-dollar copier company.", "Q290491": "Gioconda Belli (born December 9, 1948 in Managua, Nicaragua) is a Nicaraguan author, novelist and poet.", "Q606162": "Rockhampton is a city in the Rockhampton Region of Central Queensland, Australia. The population of Rockhampton in June 2018 was 78,592, making it the fourth-largest city in the state outside of the cities of South East Queensland, and the 22nd-largest city in Australia.\nRockhampton is one of the oldest cities in Queensland and in Northern Australia. In 1853, Charles and William Archer came across what is now also known as the Fitzroy River, which they named in honour of Sir Charles FitzRoy. The Archer brothers took up a run near Gracemere in 1855, and more settlers arrived soon after, enticed by the fertile valleys. The town of Rockhampton was proclaimed in 1858, and surveyed by Arthur F Wood and Francis Clarke, the chosen street design closely resembled the Hoddle Grid in Melbourne and consisted of a grid of wide boulevards and laneways, which was uncommon in Queensland.\nWithin the year, gold was found at Canoona, and led to the first North Australian gold rush. This led to an influx of migrants who quickly transformed Rockhampton into the second-largest port in the state; during this period, Rockhampton was nicknamed as the \"City of the Three S's\", of which were \"Sin, Sweat, and Sorrow\". Subsequent gold rushes at Mount Morgan Mine, which was at the time one of the most productive gold mines in the world, laid the foundations for much of the city's Victorian architecture.\nToday, Rockhampton is an industrial and agricultural centre of the north, and is the regional centre of Central Queensland. Rockhampton is also a large tourist destination known for its history and culture supporting such institutions as the Rockhampton Art Gallery, one of the most extensive regional galleries in Australia, the Central Queensland University with campuses across five states, the Rockhampton Heritage Village, and Dreamtime Cultural Centre. It is also famous as the hometown of Rod Laver \u2013 one of the best tennis players in history.The city is served by the Rockhampton Airport and acts as a gateway to local tourist locations such as the Capricorn Caves and Mount Archer National Park, as well as regional tourist areas such as Yeppoon and the Capricorn Coast alongside the island chains offshore that include Great Keppel Island.", "Q160916": "Pope John I (Latin: Ioannes I; died 18 May 526) was the bishop of Rome from 13 August 523 to his death. He was a native of Siena (or the \"Castello di Serena\", near Chiusdino), in Italy. He was sent on a diplomatic mission to Constantinople by the Ostrogoth King Theoderic to negotiate better treatment for Arians. Although relatively successful, upon his return to Ravenna, Theoderic had the Pope imprisoned for allegedly conspiring with Constantinople. The frail pope died of neglect and ill-treatment.", "Q280682": "While the City Sleeps is a 1956 film noir directed by Fritz Lang and starring Dana Andrews, Rhonda Fleming, George Sanders, Howard Duff, Thomas Mitchell, Vincent Price, John Drew Barrymore and Ida Lupino. Written by Casey Robinson, the newspaper drama was based on The Bloody Spur by Charles Einstein, which depicts the story of \"Lipstick Killer\" William Heirens. Five decades after the film's release, critic Dennis Schwartz wrote, \"Fritz Lang ('M') directs his most under-appreciated great film, more a social commentary than a straight crime drama.\"", "Q263519": "Jerry Desmonde (20 July 1908 \u2013 11 February 1967) was an English stage musical, film, and television actor principally in comedies and drama.\nSometimes credited as Jerry Desmond., he is probably best known as a straight man to Norman Wisdom, and also worked as a comedy foil to Sid Field, notably in their 1946 Golfing sketch.", "Q845318": "High-tech architecture, also known as Structural Expressionism, is a type of Late Modern architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design. High-tech architecture grew from the modernist style, utilizing new advances in technology and building materials. It emphasizes transparency in design and construction, seeking to communicate the underlying structure and function of a building throughout its interior and exterior. High-tech architecture makes extensive use of steel, glass, and concrete, as these materials were becoming more advanced and available in a wider variety of forms at the time the style was developing.High-tech architecture focuses on creating adaptable buildings through choice of materials, internal structural elements, and programmatic design. It seeks to avoid links to the past, and as such eschews building materials commonly used in older styles of architecture. Common elements include hanging or overhanging floors, a lack of internal load bearing walls, and reconfigurable spaces. Some buildings incorporate prominent, bright colors in an attempt to evoke the sense of a drawing or diagram.Early high-tech buildings were referred to by historian Reyner Banham as \"serviced sheds\" due to their exposure of mechanical services in addition to the structure. Most of these early examples used exposed structural steel as their material of choice. As hollow structural sections had only become widely available in the early 1970s, high-tech architecture saw much experimentation with this material. High-tech utilizes a focus on factory aesthetics and a large central space serviced by many smaller maintenance areas to evoke a feeling of openness, honesty, and transparency. The style's premier practitioners include the following: \nBruce Graham, Fazlur Rahman Khan, Minoru Yamasaki, Sir Norman Foster, Sir Richard Rogers \nSir Michael Hopkins, Renzo Piano, Santiago Calatrava.", "Q451096": "Elsa Maxwell (May 24, 1883 \u2013 November 1, 1963) was an American gossip columnist and author, songwriter, screenwriter, radio personality and professional hostess renowned for her parties for royalty and high society figures of her day.\nMaxwell is credited with the introduction of the scavenger hunt and treasure hunt for use as party games in the modern era. Her radio program, Elsa Maxwell\u2019s Party Line, began in 1942; she also wrote a syndicated gossip column. She appeared as herself in the films Stage Door Canteen (1943) and Rhapsody in Blue (1945), as well as co-starring in the film Hotel for Women (1939), for which she wrote the screenplay and a song.\n\n", "Q471346": "See also Filippo Buonarroti (1661\u20131733).\n\nFilippo Giuseppe Maria Ludovico Buonarroti, more usually referred to under the French version Philippe Buonarroti (11 November 1761 \u2013 16 September 1837), was an Italian utopian socialist, writer, agitator, freemason, and conspirator; he was active in Corsica, France, and Geneva. His History of Babeuf\u2019s 'Conspiracy of Equals' (1828) became a quintessential text for revolutionaries, inspiring such leftists as Blanqui and Marx. He proposed a mutualist strategy that would revolutionize society by stages, starting from monarchy to liberalism, then to radicalism, and finally to communism.", "Q616371": "Geir Jenssen (born 30 May 1962) is a Norwegian electronic musician who records as Biosphere. A resident of Troms\u00f8 within the Arctic Circle, Jenssen is well known for ambient and ambient house pieces, often inspired by Arctic or mountain settings, and his use of loops and peculiar samples from science fiction and natural sources. His 1997 album Substrata was voted by the users of the Hyperreal website in 2001 as the best all-time classic ambient album. He has also composed several film scores.", "Q639392": "Abdul Reza Pahlavi (Persian: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u200e; 19 August 1924 \u2013 11 May 2004) was a member of Iran's Pahlavi dynasty. He was a son of Reza Shah and a half-brother of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.", "Q185024": "Ivan Stepanovich Konev (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0301\u043d\u0435\u0432; 28 December [O.S. 16 December] 1897 \u2013 21 May 1973) was a Soviet general and Marshal of the Soviet Union who led Red Army forces on the Eastern Front during World War II, responsible for retaking much of Eastern Europe from occupation by the Axis Powers.\nBorn to a peasant family, Konev was conscripted into the Imperial Russian Army in 1916 and fought in World War I. In 1919, he joined the Bolsheviks and served in the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. After graduating from Frunze Military Academy in 1926, Konev gradually rose through the ranks of the Soviet military. By 1939, he had become a candidate to the Central Committee of the Communist Party.\nFollowing the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Konev took part in a series of major campaigns, including the battles of Moscow and Rzhev. Konev further commanded forces in major Soviet offensives at Kursk, in the Dnieper-Carpathian and Vistula-Oder offensives. In February 1944, he was made a Marshal of the Soviet Union. In the eve of German defeat, Konev's 1st Ukrainian Front was pitted against the armies of Georgy Zhukov in the Race to Berlin. Konev was the first Allied commander to enter Prague, the capital of Czechoslovakia, after the Prague uprising.\nAfter the war, Konev replaced Zhukov as commander of Soviet ground forces. In 1956, he was appointed commander of the Warsaw Pact armed forces, and led the violent suppression of the Hungarian Revolution. Konev remained a popular military figure in the Soviet Union until his death in 1973.", "Q62889": "Klaus T\u00f6pfer (born 29 July 1938 in Waldenburg, Silesia) is a German politician (CDU) and environmental politics expert. From 1998 to 2006 he was executive director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).\n\n", "Q88288": "Rudolf Hundstorfer (September 19, 1951 \u2013 August 20, 2019) was an Austrian social democratic politician who served as president of the Austrian Trade Union Federation (\u00d6GB). Hundstorfer was from December 2008 to January 2016 the Federal Minister for Labour, Social Affairs and Consumer Protection.\nSince 1966 Hundstorfer worked as civil servant for the City of Vienna (Magistrat). He graduated from the Bundesgymnasium for professionals in 1976 (Matura). The following year he graduated as an administration official (Beamtenaufstiegspr\u00fcfung).From the early 1970s he was active in the Union of Municipal Employees (GDG), of which he was chairman from May 2003 on.From 1990 he was a member of the Vienna City Council and the State Parliament, from 1995 also chairman of the local council. After Hundstorfer had been elected President of the \u00d6GB, he resigned from the Vienna legislature and municipal council on 25 January 2007.In October 2003 Hundstorfer became Vice President of the Austrian Trade Union Federation. On 27 March 2006 he took over ad interim the \u00d6GB presidency after the resignation of Fritz Verzetnitsch during the BAWAG affair. He remained president ad interim until the election of his successor Erich Foglar from OGB Board, when Hundstorfer had already been designated to Minister of Social Affairs and Consumer Protection in the First Faymann government.He was the Social Democratic candidate at the Austrian presidential election, 2016.Hundstorfer was married and had a daughter and two stepchildren. He was the honorary president of the Anton Proksch Institute and of the Vienna Handball Federation.He was decorated by the former president of Austria Heinz Fischer with the Grand Gold Decoration with Ribbon for Services to the Republic of Austria.On August 20, 2019, Hundstorfer died at the age of 67 from a heart attack.\n\n", "Q7850": "Chinese (simplified Chinese: \u6c49\u8bed; traditional Chinese: \u6f22\u8a9e; pinyin: H\u00e0ny\u01d4; literally: 'Han language' or especially though not exclusively for written Chinese: \u4e2d\u6587; Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n; 'Chinese writing') forms the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages. Chinese languages are spoken by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China. About 1.2 billion people (around 16% of the world's population) speak some form of Chinese as their first language. \nThe varieties of Chinese are usually considered by native speakers to be regional variants of ethnic Chinese speech, without consideration of whether they are mutually intelligible. Due to their lack of mutual intelligibility, linguists generally describe them as distinct languages, perhaps hundreds, sometimes noting that they are more varied than the Romance languages. Investigation of the historical relationships among the Sinitic languages is just getting started. Currently, most classifications posit 7 to 13 main regional groups, based on often superficial phonetic developments, of which the most populous by far is Mandarin (about 800 million speakers, e.g. Southwestern Mandarin), followed by Min (75 million, e.g. Southern Min), Wu (74 million, e.g. Shanghainese), and Yue (68 million, e.g. Cantonese). These groups are unintelligible to each other, and generally many of their subgroups are mutually unintelligible as well (e.g., not only is Min Chinese a family of mutually unintelligible languages, but Southern Min itself is not a single language). There are, however, several transitional areas, where languages and dialects from different branches share enough features for some limited intelligibility between neighboring areas. Examples are New Xiang and Southwest Mandarin, Xuanzhou Wu and Lower Yangtze Mandarin, Jin and Central Plains Mandarin, and certain divergent dialects of Hakka with Gan (though these are unintelligible with mainstream Hakka). All varieties of Chinese are tonal to at least some degree and largely analytic.\nStandard Chinese (P\u01d4t\u014dnghu\u00e0/Gu\u00f3y\u01d4/Hu\u00e1y\u01d4) is a standardized form of spoken Chinese based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin. It is an official language of China, similar to one of the national languages of Taiwan (Taiwanese Mandarin) and one of the four official languages of Singapore. It is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. The written form of the standard language (\u4e2d\u6587; Zh\u014dngw\u00e9n), based on the logograms known as Chinese characters (\u6c49\u5b57/\u6f22\u5b57; H\u00e0nz\u00ec), is shared by literate speakers of otherwise unintelligible dialects.\nThe earliest Chinese written records are Shang dynasty-era oracle inscriptions, which can be traced back to 1250 BCE. The phonetic categories of Archaic Chinese can be reconstructed from the rhymes of ancient poetry. During the Northern and Southern dynasties period, Middle Chinese went through several sound changes and split into several varieties following prolonged geographic and political separation. Qieyun, a rime dictionary, recorded a compromise between the pronunciations of different regions. The royal courts of the Ming and early Qing dynasties operated using a koin\u00e9 language (Guanhua) based on Nanjing dialect of Lower Yangtze Mandarin. Standard Chinese was adopted in the 1930s, and is now an official language of both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China on Taiwan.", "Q525065": "Michael Rooker (born April 6, 1955) is an American actor, best known for his roles as Henry in Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer (1986), Chick Gandil in Eight Men Out (1988), Terry Cruger in Sea of Love (1989), Rowdy Burns in Days of Thunder (1990), Bill Broussard in JFK (1991), Hal Tucker in Cliffhanger (1993), Jared Svenning in Mallrats (1995), Merle Dixon in AMC's The Walking Dead (2010\u20132013) and Yondu Udonta in Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) and its sequel, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017).", "Q456921": "Paul Henry O'Neill (December 4, 1935 \u2013 April 18, 2020) served as the 72nd United States Secretary of the Treasury for part of President George W. Bush's first term, from January 2001 to December 2002. He was fired in December 2002 for his public disagreement with the administration. Prior to his term as Secretary of the Treasury, O'Neill was chairman and CEO of industrial giant Alcoa and chairman of the RAND Corporation.", "Q34417": "Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II; 21 May 1527 \u2013 13 September 1598) was King of Spain (1556\u201398), King of Portugal (1581\u201398, as Philip I, Portuguese: Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554 to 1558). He was also Duke of Milan, and from 1555, lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands.\nThe son of Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Spanish kingdoms Charles V and Isabella of Portugal, Philip was called Felipe el Prudente (\"Philip the Prudent\") in the Spanish kingdoms; his empire included territories on every continent then known to Europeans, including his namesake the Philippines. During his reign, the Spanish kingdoms reached the height of their influence and power. This is sometimes called the Spanish Golden Age.\nPhilip led a highly debt-leveraged regime, seeing state bankruptcies in 1557, 1560, 1569, 1575, and 1596. This policy was partly the cause of the declaration of independence that created the Dutch Republic in 1581. On 31 December 1584 Philip signed the Treaty of Joinville, with Henry I, Duke of Guise signing on behalf of the Catholic League; consequently Philip supplied a considerable annual grant to the League over the following decade to maintain the civil war in France, with the hope of destroying the French Calvinists. A devout Catholic, Philip saw himself as the defender of Catholic Europe against the Ottoman Empire and the Protestant Reformation. He sent an armada to invade Protestant England in 1588, with the strategic aim of overthrowing Elizabeth I of England and re-establishing Catholicism there; but it was defeated in a skirmish at Gravelines (northern France) and then destroyed by storms as it circled the British Isles to return to Spain. The following year Philip II's naval power was able to recover after the failed invasion of the English Armada into Spain.Under Philip, about 9,000 men a year on average were recruited from Spain; in crisis years the total could rise to 20,000. Between 1567 and 1574, nearly 43,000 men left Spain to fight in Italy and the Low Countries (modern-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands).Philip was described by the Venetian ambassador Paolo Fagolo in 1563 as \"slight of stature and round-faced, with pale blue eyes, somewhat prominent lip, and pink skin, but his overall appearance is very attractive.\" The Ambassador went on to say \"He dresses very tastefully, and everything that he does is courteous and gracious.\" Besides Mary I, Philip was married three other times and widowed four times.", "Q1386948": "Norman Jesse Whitfield (May 12, 1940 \u2013 September 16, 2008) was an American songwriter and producer, who worked with Berry Gordy's Motown labels during the 1960s. He has been credited as one of the creators of the Motown Sound and of the late-1960s subgenre of psychedelic soul.During his 25-year career, Whitfield co-wrote and produced many enduring hits for Motown artists, including \"Ain't Too Proud to Beg\", \"(I Know) I'm Losing You\", \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\", \"Cloud Nine\", \"I Can't Get Next to You\", \"War\", \"Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today)\", \"Just My Imagination (Running Away with Me)\", \"Smiling Faces Sometimes\", and \"Papa Was a Rollin' Stone\". Whitfield worked extensively with The Temptations as a producer and songwriter. He produced eight of their albums between 1969 and 1973. He then started his own label, Whitfield Records, in 1975, which yielded the Rose Royce hit \"Car Wash\". Alongside his Motown lyrical collaborator Barrett Strong, he was inducted into the Songwriter's Hall of Fame in 2004. He wrote or co-wrote 61 hits on the UK charts and 92 on the US charts.", "Q42581": "Keira Christina Knightley, (; born 26 March 1985) is a British actress. She has been nominated for two British Academy Film Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and two Academy Awards.\nKnightley began acting as a child on television and made her feature film debut in 1995, before making her breakthrough with the 2002 film Bend It Like Beckham, for which she won the London Film Critics' Circle Award for Best Newcomer. She then starred in the 2003 fantasy swashbuckler film Pirates of the Caribbean, playing Elizabeth Swann, a role that she would reprise in the subsequent films of the franchise. She went on to appear in the Christmas film Love Actually (2003) and portrayed Guinevere in King Arthur (2004).\nA significant turning point came in her career when Knightley received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for starring as Elizabeth Bennet in Pride & Prejudice (2005). She became known for starring in several other period dramas, earning a BAFTA and Golden Globe Award nomination for Atonement (2007), and earning critical praise for her performances as Georgiana Cavendish in The Duchess (2008), Sabina Spielrein in A Dangerous Method (2011), and the titular characters in Anna Karenina (2012) and Colette (2018). Knightley received her second Academy Award nomination for portraying Joan Clarke in the historical drama The Imitation Game (2014). Her contemporary film roles were in the romantic comedy Begin Again (2013), the action thriller Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014), the adventure film Everest (2015), and the docudrama Official Secrets (2019).\nOn stage, Knightley has appeared on the West End in Martin Crimp's 2009 production of The Misanthrope, which earned her a nomination for a Laurence Olivier Award. She also starred as the eponymous heroine in the 2015 Broadway production of Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Raquin. Knightley is known for her outspoken stance on social issues, and has worked extensively with Amnesty International, Oxfam, and Comic Relief. She was appointed an OBE in the 2018 Birthday Honours for services to drama and charity.", "Q573223": "Patricio de la Escosura Morrogh (5 November 1807\u20131878) was a Spanish politician, journalist, playwright and author associated with the Romantic school.", "Q6596": "Gorizia (Italian pronunciation: [\u0261o\u02c8rittsja] (listen); Slovene: Gorica [\u0261\u0254\u02c8\u027e\u00ec\u02d0tsa], colloquially stara Gorica 'old Gorizia' to distinguish it from Nova Gorica; German: G\u00f6rz; Standard Friulian: Gurize, Southeastern Friulian: Guriza; Bisiacco: Gorisia), English (obsolete) also \"Goritz\", is a town and comune in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. It is located at the foot of the Julian Alps, bordering Slovenia. It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia and a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce. Since 1947, a twin town of Nova Gorica has developed on the other side of the modern-day Italian\u2013Slovenian border. The entire region was subject to territorial dispute between Italy and Yugoslavia after World War II: after the new boundaries were established in 1947 and the old town was left to Italy, Nova Gorica was built on the Yugoslav side. Taken together, the two towns constitute a conurbation, which also includes the Slovenian municipality of \u0160empeter-Vrtojba. Since May 2011, these three towns have been joined in a common trans-border metropolitan zone, administered by a joint administration board.The name of the town comes from the Slovene word gorica 'little hill', which is a very common toponym in Slovene-inhabited areas.", "Q1239374": "Donald Lee Nickles (born December 6, 1948) is an American politician and lobbyist who was a Republican United States Senator from Oklahoma from 1981 until 2005. He was considered both a fiscal and social conservative. After retiring from the Senate as the longest serving senator from Oklahoma (1981\u20132005), he founded the Nickles Group, a lobbying firm.", "Q62651": "Denmark\u2013Norway (Danish and Norwegian: Danmark\u2013Norge), also known as the Dano\u2013Norwegian Realm, the Oldenburg Monarchy, the Danish Empire, or the Oldenburg realms, was an early modern multi-national and multi-lingual real union consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway (including the Norwegian overseas possessions: the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and the Norwegian possessions), the Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein. The state also claimed sovereignty over two historical peoples: Wends and Gutes. Denmark\u2013Norway had several colonies, namely the Danish Gold Coast, the Nicobar Islands, Serampore, Tharangambadi, and the Danish West Indies.\nThe state's inhabitants were mainly Danes, Norwegians, and Germans, and also included Faroese, Icelanders and Inuit in the Norwegian overseas possessions, a Sami minority in northern Norway, as well as indigenous peoples and enslaved Africans in the colonies. The main cities of Denmark\u2013Norway were Copenhagen, Christiania (Oslo), Altona, Bergen and Trondheim, and the primary official languages were Danish and German, but Norwegian, Icelandic, Faroese, Sami and Greenlandic were also spoken locally.In 1380, Olaf II of Denmark inherited the Kingdom of Norway, titled as Olaf IV, after the death of his father Haakon VI of Norway, who was married to Olaf's mother Margrete I. Margrete I was ruler of Norway from her son's death in 1387 until her own death in 1412. Denmark, Norway, and Sweden established and formed the Kalmar Union in 1397. Following Sweden's departure in 1523, the union was effectively dissolved. From 1536/1537, Denmark and Norway formed a personal union that would eventually develop into the 1660 integrated state called Denmark\u2013Norway by modern historians, at the time sometimes referred to as the \"Twin Kingdoms\", \"the Monarchy\", or simply \"His Majesty\". Prior to 1660, Denmark\u2013Norway was de jure a constitutional and elective monarchy in which the King's power was somewhat limited; in that year it became one of the most stringent absolute monarchies in Europe. Even after 1660, Denmark\u2013Norway consisted of three formally separate parts, and Norway kept its separate laws and some institutions, and separate coinage and army.\nThe Dano-Norwegian union lasted until 1814, when the Treaty of Kiel decreed that Norway (except for the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Greenland) be ceded to Sweden. The treaty however, was not recognised by Norway, which successfully resisted the attempt in the 1814 Swedish\u2013Norwegian War. Norway thereafter entered into a much looser personal union with Sweden as one of two equal kingdoms until 1905, when the union was dissolved and both kingdoms became independent.", "Q99385": "Ra\u00fal Amadeus Mark Richter (born 31 January 1987 in Berlin) is a German television and voice actor well known for his portrayal of Nik Gundlach in the German soap opera Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten.Richter, who spent his early years in Peru, took part in Let's Dance, the German version of Dancing with the Stars, in 2010.", "Q217298": "David Michael Letterman (born April 12, 1947) is an American television host, comedian, writer, and producer. He hosted late night television talk shows for 33 years, beginning with the February 1, 1982, debut of Late Night with David Letterman on NBC, and ending with the May 20, 2015, broadcast of Late Show with David Letterman on CBS. In total, Letterman hosted 6,080 episodes of Late Night and Late Show, surpassing his friend and mentor Johnny Carson as the longest-serving late night talk show host in American television history. In 1996, Letterman was ranked 45th on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time. In 2002, The Late Show with David Letterman was ranked seventh on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time.\nHe is also a television and film producer. His company, Worldwide Pants, produced his shows as well as The Late Late Show and several prime-time comedies, the most successful of which was Everybody Loves Raymond, now in syndication.\nSeveral late-night hosts have cited Letterman's influence, including Conan O'Brien (his successor on Late Night), Stephen Colbert (his successor on The Late Show), Jimmy Fallon, Jimmy Kimmel, John Oliver, and Seth Meyers.\nLetterman currently hosts the Netflix series My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman.\n\n", "Q806235": "Band of Horses is an American rock band formed in 2004 in Seattle by Ben Bridwell. The band has released five studio albums, the most successful of which is 2010's Grammy-nominated Infinite Arms. The band's lineup, which included Mat Brooke for the debut album, has undergone several changes; the most-recent lineup of Bridwell, Ryan Monroe, Tyler Ramsey, Bill Reynolds, and Creighton Barrett, had been together for several years until Ramsey and Reynolds' departure in 2017, recording three albums.Band of Horses' fifth studio album, Why Are You OK, was released in June 2016.", "Q211831": "David Courtney Suchet, ( SOO-shay; born 2 May 1946) is an English actor, known for his work on British stage and television. He played Edward Teller in the TV serial Oppenheimer (1980) and received the RTS and BPG awards for his performance as Augustus Melmotte in the British serial The Way We Live Now (2001). International acclaim and recognition followed his performance as Agatha Christie's detective Hercule Poirot in Agatha Christie's Poirot (1989\u20132013), for which he received a 1991 British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) nomination.", "Q76624": "Karl Waldemar Ziegler (November 26, 1898 \u2013 August 12, 1973) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963, with Giulio Natta, for work on polymers. The Nobel Committee recognized his \"excellent work on organometallic compounds [which]...led to new polymerization reactions and ... paved the way for new and highly useful industrial processes\". He is also known for his work involving free-radicals, many-membered rings, and organometallic compounds, as well as the development of Ziegler\u2013Natta catalyst. One of many awards Ziegler received was the Werner von Siemens Ring in 1960 jointly with Otto Bayer and Walter Reppe, for expanding the scientific knowledge of and the technical development of new synthetic materials.", "Q69704": "M\u00fcnchwilen is a municipality and district capital of the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q259691": "Jay Kay (born Jason Lu\u00eds Cheetham; 30 December 1969) is an English singer-songwriter. He rose to international fame as a founding member and lead vocalist of the jazz-funk band Jamiroquai.", "Q188500": "Elisha Ann Cuthbert Phaneuf (born November 30, 1982) is a Canadian actress and model. She played Kim Bauer in the series 24, Darcie Goldberg in the 2003 college comedy Old School, Danielle in the 2004 teen comedy film The Girl Next Door, and Carly Jones in the 2005 remake of House of Wax. As of June 2019, she plays Abby Phillips in the Netflix Original Series The Ranch. In 2013, Maxim magazine named her \"TV's most beautiful woman\".At the age of 14, Cuthbert made her feature film debut in the 1997 family-drama Dancing on the Moon. Her first major lead role came in the 1998 drama film Airspeed (No Control) alongside Joe Mantegna. In 2001, she starred in the movie Lucky Girl, in which she received her first award, the Gemini Awards, but her career began in earnest in the 2000s when she played Kim Bauer, daughter of Jack Bauer in the action series 24. Subsequently, Cuthbert appeared in the lead role in the films The Quiet (2005) and Captivity (2007).\nFrom 2011 to 2013, Cuthbert starred as Alex Kerkovich in the three seasons of the ABC comedy Happy Endings. Beginning in 2016, Cuthbert had a recurring role on the Netflix series The Ranch, before becoming a main cast member in the series' second season.", "Q578376": "Clutch is an American rock band from Frederick, Maryland, United States. Since its formation in 1991, the band line-up has included Tim Sult (lead guitar), Dan Maines (bass), Jean-Paul Gaster (drums), and Neil Fallon (vocals, rhythm guitar, keyboards). To date, Clutch has released twelve studio albums, and several rarities and live albums. Since 2008, the band have been signed to their own record label, Weathermaker.", "Q560539": "Jhr. Alexander Frederik de Savornin Lohman (29 May 1837 \u2013 11 June 1924) was a Dutch politician and leader of the Christian Historical Union during the first quarter of the 20th century.\nHe was a member of the lower Dutch nobility and held the predicate of jonkheer. He was born into a family of Walloon Reformed extraction. During his studies he became a supporter of the anti-revolutionary cause of Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer and he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives for the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) in 1879. He remained a member of parliament until 1921. Throughout his career he would serve as member of the House of Representatives, member of the Senate and, for a short while, minister. He was noted for his vehement attacks against his opponents, but was generally considered to be receptive of the arguments of his peers.\nDe Savornin Lohman got involved in politics whilst serving as a judge at the court of 's-Hertogenbosch. There he became party to a conflict over Christian schools. He soon met Abraham Kuyper, another anti-revolutionary politician who would dominate Dutch politics in the years to come. When Kuyper was suffering from burnout in 1876 and 1877 De Savornin Lohman replaced him as chief editor of the Standaard, the anti-revolutionary newspaper. De Savornin Lohman went on, at times reluctantly, to become Kuyper's most important collaborator in his many projects (the School Struggle, the foundation of the Anti Revolutionary Party in 1879, the Doleantie in 1886 and the creation of the Free University of Amsterdam in 1879).\nDe Savornin Lohman's entry in politics coincided with the introduction of party discipline into Dutch politics. As an aristocrat De Savornin Lohman was torn between the opinion of his fellow aristocrats, who considered politics to be a personal thing, and the opinion of his leader and friend Kuyper, who found party discipline and the democratic process of the utmost importance. Further conflict ensued when De Savornin Lohman became Minister of the Interior, replacing \u00c6neas Mackay, who in turn replaced Keuchenius as Minister of Colonial Affairs. The Dutch parliament had refused supply to Keuchenius's budget and Mackay wanted to save the government. Kuyper wanted to have a general election and sought the fall of the government. De Savornin Lohman and most of the Anti Revolutionary Party supported the government. Two factions in the ARP now emerged, one led by Kuyper the other by De Savornin Lohman. When the liberal minister Tak van Poortvliet presented a proposal to introduce universal suffrage in 1893, this proved to be an especially divisive issue. The aristocrat De Savornin Lohman was against extension, while Kuyper saw an electoral advantage for the ARP. Universal suffrage would give the vote to orthodox Protestant farmers and small entrepreneurs (collectively referred to in Dutch political science as kleine luyden), who had hitherto been ineligible because of the minimum taxes requirement. When Kuyper managed to persuade ARP members to support his position, De Savornin Lohman's faction, the Free Anti Revolutionaries (VAR), became directly opposed to Kuyper's Anti Revolutionaries. The conflict led to a split in the ARP with De Savornin Lohman and his largely aristocratic colleagues forming the smaller splinter group. In 1908, after a series of mergers with like-minded political groups, De Savornin Lohman and his VAR founded the Christian Historical Union (CHU).\nReligiously, De Savornin Lohman, who was Reformed, was personally involved in the schism called the Doleantie, which was led by Kuyper. The schism was a reaction against the progressive practices of the Dutch Reformed Church and De Savornin Lohman went on to become a member of the newly founded Reformed Churches in the Netherlands. While Kuyper favoured cooperation with Roman Catholics in parliament, De Savornin Lohman and his fellow Anti Revolutionaries were sceptical towards Roman Catholicism.\nProfessionally, De Savornin Lohman was employed by the Free University of Amsterdam to teach law and a Reformed outlook on science. In 1895 the conflict with Kuyper forced him to resign his post. It was twenty years before the two gentlemen were on speaking terms again. In 1896 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, he resigned from the Academy in 1914.In 1902 he acted as one of five arbitrators at The Hague in the Pious Fund of the Californias dispute between the United States and Mexico, the first dispute between states arbitrated by the Permanent Court of Arbitration. He also sat on the panel for the Sarvarkar Case in 1911.\nAlexander de Savornin Lohman died in The Hague aged 87. He was an important adviser to Queen Wilhelmina.", "Q924080": "Marta Torn\u00e9 Gracia (Barcelona, Spain, 10 March 1978) is a Spanish actress and presenter.\nWhen Torn\u00e9 finished C.O.U., she went to work as a receptionist at a production company. She decided to study audiovisual and radio production so she could get higher-level jobs at the company where she worked. After completing her studies, she worked in various radio stations such as Radio Estel, R\u00e0dio Nova, Flaix FM and RAC 1.\nHer focus on the small screen resulted from her being chosen to star in one of Spain's biggest television hits in recent years, El Internado in Antena 3. In this series she appeared with other popular, established Spanish actors such as Amparo Bar\u00f3 and Luis Merlo and a group of young actors including Ana de Armas, Blanca Suarez, and Yon Gonzalez. The series quickly gained fame. Torn\u00e9 played the role of the maid Maria Almagro.On 3 March 2010, Torn\u00e9 debut as a stage actress in the play \"M\u00e1s all\u00e1 del puente\".In December 2010 she was the host of the talk-show Algo pasa con Marta in La Sexta, that only lasted two weeks. She is expected to be in the cast of the Spanish series Los protegidos in autumn 2011.In September 2004, she was on the cover of FHM magazine in its Spanish edition.", "Q322551": "Jaroslav Rudi\u0161 (born June 8, 1972 in Turnov) is a Czech writer, journalist and musician.\nRudi\u0161 became known after publishing his first novel Nebe pod Berl\u00ednem (\"The Sky under Berlin\") in 2002, the tale of a Czech teacher who chooses to leave his job and to start a new life in Berlin, where he plays music in the underground, which \u2013 along with the ghosts of suicide jumpers \u2013 gains almost mystical importance to him, and joins an indie rock group (which is a semi-autobiographical motive). It was one of the most successful Czech books of recent years. For this novel he received Ji\u0159\u00ed Orten Award.His collaboration with draughtsman Jarom\u00edr 99 led to the publication of three closely connected graphic novels taking place among railway employees, B\u00edl\u00fd potok (\"White Brook\", 2003), Hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed (\"Central Station\", 2004) and Zlat\u00e9 hory (\"Golden Hills\"). The trilogy has been adapted into an animated feature film, Alois Nebel, which was released in 2011.", "Q688029": "Armin Medosch (1962, in Graz \u2013 2017, in Vienna) was an Austrian artist, curator, theorist and critic working in the fields of net.art, new media art and DiY networking.", "Q236256": "Rachael Ann Carpani (born 24 August 1980) is an Australian actress best known as Jodie Fountain in McLeod's Daughters.", "Q4381": "Carlos Pellicer C\u00e1mara (January 10, 1897 \u2013 February 16, 1977), born in Villahermosa, Tabasco, was part of the first wave of modernist Mexican poets and was active in the promotion of Mexican art and picture, literature. An enthusiastic traveller, his work is filled with depictions of nature, and a certain sexual energy that is shared with his contemporary, Octavio Paz.\nThe young Pellicer studied in Mexico City. In August 1921, along with Vicente Lombardo Toledano, Diego Rivera, Jos\u00e9 Clemente Orozco and Xavier Guerrero, he founded the Grupo Solidario del Movimiento Obrero (\"Solidarity Group of the Workers' Movement\"). He lectured in modern poetry at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and served as the director of the Department of Fine Arts. He helped establish a number of museums, including the Frida Kahlo and Anahuacalli museums in Mexico City. In 1976 he was elected to the Senate, representing Tabasco for the PRI.\nHis early poems, as in Colores en el mar (Colors in the Sea, 1921) and Piedra de sacrificios (Stone of Sacrifice, 1924), often depicted serene and halcyon landscapes. During his later period, however, Pellicer explored the historical and spiritual implications of his experience of nature. Octavio Paz said of his work: \"A great poet, Pellicer taught to us to see the world through different eyes, and in doing so modified Mexican poetry. His work, poetry with a plurality of sorts, is solved in a luminous metaphor, an interminable praise of the world.\"", "Q155775": "Hugh Richard Bonneville Williams, DL (born 10 November 1963) is a British film and television actor. He is best known for playing Robert Crawley, Earl of Grantham in the ITV historical drama series Downton Abbey, and Henry Brown in the Paddington film series. His performance on Downtown Abbey earned him a nomination at the Golden Globes and two consecutive Primetime Emmy Award nominations.", "Q2896167": "Benjamin Louis Eulalie de Bonneville (April 14, 1796 \u2013 June 12, 1878) was an American officer in the United States Army, fur trapper, and explorer in the American West. He is noted for his expeditions to the Oregon Country and the Great Basin, and in particular for blazing portions of the Oregon Trail.\nDuring his lifetime, Bonneville was made famous by an account of his explorations in the West written by Washington Irving.", "Q18844656": "The Secret Life of Pets is a 2016 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment. It is directed by Chris Renaud, co-directed by Yarrow Cheney, written by Brian Lynch, Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio and is the first film of the franchise of the same name. The voice cast stars Louis C.K., Eric Stonestreet, Kevin Hart, Steve Coogan, Ellie Kemper, Bobby Moynihan, Lake Bell, Dana Carvey, Hannibal Buress, Jenny Slate, and Albert Brooks.\nThe Secret Life of Pets premiered at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival on June 16, 2016, and was released in theaters in the United States on July 8, 2016, by Universal Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews and grossed $875 million worldwide, becoming the sixth-highest-grossing film of 2016, and was the year's most profitable release.\nA sequel, The Secret Life of Pets 2, was released on June 7, 2019 with Patton Oswalt taking the role of Max from Louis C.K.", "Q29446": "Mama is a 2013 supernatural horror film directed and co-written by Andy Muschietti in his directorial debut and based on his 2008 Argentine short film Mam\u00e1. The film stars Jessica Chastain, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Megan Charpentier, Isabelle N\u00e9lisse, Daniel Kash, and Javier Botet as the titular character.\nThe film follows two young girls abandoned in a forest cabin, fostered by an unknown entity that they fondly call \"Mama\", which eventually follows them to their new suburban home led by two adults after their uncle retrieves them.\nIt was produced by J. Miles Dale and co-writer Barbara Muschietti, with Guillermo del Toro serving as executive producer. The film was theatrically released in theaters on 18 January 2013, by Universal Pictures. Mama received generally positive reviews from critics, with many praising the performances and atmosphere, with criticism for plot and writing. The film was a box office success, grossing $146 million against a $15 million budget.", "Q229410": "Melissa Leo (born September 14, 1960) is an American actress. She is the recipient of several accolades, including an Academy Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, two Critics' Choice Awards and a Screen Actors Guild Award.\nAfter appearing on several television shows and films in the 1980s, Leo became a regular on the television shows All My Children, which won her a Daytime Emmy Award, and The Young Riders. Her breakthrough role came in 1993 as detective and later sergeant Kay Howard on the television series Homicide: Life on the Street (1993\u20131997).\nLeo received critical acclaim for her performance as Ray Eddy in the 2008 film Frozen River, earning her several nominations and awards, including an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. In 2010, Leo won several awards for her performance as Alice Eklund-Ward in the film The Fighter, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.\nIn 2013, she won a Primetime Emmy Award for her guest role on the television series Louie. She starred in the 2015 Fox event series Wayward Pines as Nurse Pam. She then starred in the 2017 Netflix film The Most Hated Woman in America as American Atheists founder Madalyn Murray O'Hair.", "Q5921": "Charles Edward Anderson Berry (October 18, 1926 \u2013 March 18, 2017) was an American singer and songwriter, and one of the pioneers of rock and roll music. Nicknamed the \"Father of Rock and Roll\", Berry refined and developed rhythm and blues into the major elements that made rock and roll distinctive with songs such as \"Maybellene\" (1955), \"Roll Over Beethoven\" (1956), \"Rock and Roll Music\" (1957) and \"Johnny B. Goode\" (1958). Writing lyrics that focused on teen life and consumerism, and developing a music style that included guitar solos and showmanship, Berry was a major influence on subsequent rock music.Born into a middle-class African-American family in St. Louis, Missouri, Berry had an interest in music from an early age and gave his first public performance at Sumner High School. While still a high school student he was convicted of armed robbery and was sent to a reformatory, where he was held from 1944 to 1947. After his release, Berry settled into married life and worked at an automobile assembly plant. By early 1953, influenced by the guitar riffs and showmanship techniques of the blues musician T-Bone Walker, Berry began performing with the Johnnie Johnson Trio. His break came when he traveled to Chicago in May 1955 and met Muddy Waters, who suggested he contact Leonard Chess, of Chess Records. With Chess, he recorded \"Maybellene\"\u2014Berry's adaptation of the country song \"Ida Red\"\u2014which sold over a million copies, reaching number one on Billboard magazine's rhythm and blues chart.By the end of the 1950s, Berry was an established star, with several hit records and film appearances and a lucrative touring career. He had also established his own St. Louis nightclub, Berry's Club Bandstand. He was sentenced to three years in prison in January 1962 for offenses under the Mann Act\u2014he had transported a 14-year-old girl across state lines. After his release in 1963, Berry had several more hits, including \"No Particular Place to Go\", \"You Never Can Tell\", and \"Nadine\". But these did not achieve the same success, or lasting impact, of his 1950s songs, and by the 1970s he was more in demand as a nostalgic performer, playing his past hits with local backup bands of variable quality. In 1972 he reached a new level of achievement when a rendition of \"My Ding-a-Ling\" became his only record to top the charts. His insistence on being paid in cash led in 1979 to a four-month jail sentence and community service, for tax evasion.\nBerry was among the first musicians to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on its opening in 1986; he was cited for having \"laid the groundwork for not only a rock and roll sound but a rock and roll stance.\" Berry is included in several of Rolling Stone magazine's \"greatest of all time\" lists; he was ranked fifth on its 2004 and 2011 lists of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll includes three of Berry's: \"Johnny B. Goode\", \"Maybellene\", and \"Rock and Roll Music\". Berry's \"Johnny B. Goode\" is the only rock-and-roll song included on the Voyager Golden Record.", "Q39655": "Kadima (Hebrew: \u05e7\u05d3\u05d9\u05de\u05d4, lit. Forward) was a centrist and liberal political party in Israel. It was established on 24 November 2005 by moderates from Likud largely to support the issue of Ariel Sharon's unilateral disengagement plan, and was soon joined by like-minded Labor politicians.With Ehud Olmert as party chairman following Sharon's stroke, it became the largest party in the Knesset after the 2006 elections, winning 29 of the 120 seats, and led a coalition government. Although Kadima also won the most seats in the 2009 elections under Tzipi Livni's leadership, it became an opposition party for the first time after a Likud-led government was formed. Livni was defeated in the 2012 leadership election, losing out to the more conservative Shaul Mofaz. Following Livni's defeat, the party's progressive wing broke away at the end of 2012, to form a new centre-left party, Hatnuah, which Livni led from the outset. In the 2013 elections, Kadima became the smallest party in the Knesset, winning only 2 seats and barely passing the electoral threshold. It did not enter the 2015 elections.\nTo date, it is the only party other than Mapai/Labor or Likud to have led a government in Israel.", "Q800122": "Bago (formerly spelt Pegu; Burmese: \u1015\u1032\u1001\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037; MLCTS: pai: khu: mrui., IPA: [b\u0259\u0261\u00f3 mjo\u0330]; Mon: \u1017\u1002\u1031\u102b, [h\u0259k\u025c\u0300]), formerly known as Hanthawaddy (Burmese: \u101f\u1036\u101e\u102c\u101d\u1010\u102e; Mon: \u101f\u1036\u101e\u102c\u101d\u1010\u1033 Hongsawatoi; Pali: Ha\u1e43s\u0101vat\u012b; meaning \"She Who Has Sheldrake\"), is a city and the capital of the Bago Region in Myanmar. It is located 91 kilometres (57 mi) north-east of Yangon.\n\n", "Q69062": "Collina d'Oro (English: Golden Hill) is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It was formed from the 2004 union of the villages of Agra, Gentilino, and Montagnola. On 1 April 2012, it incorporated the formerly independent municipality of Carabietta.", "Q230141": "Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie ( (listen); born 15 September 1977) is a Nigerian writer whose works range from novels to short stories to nonfiction. She was described in The Times Literary Supplement as \"the most prominent\" of a \"procession of critically acclaimed young anglophone authors [who] is succeeding in attracting a new generation of readers to African literature\".Adichie has written the novels Purple Hibiscus (2003), Half of a Yellow Sun (2006), and Americanah (2013), the short story collection The Thing Around Your Neck (2009), and the book-length essay We Should All Be Feminists (2014). Her most recent book, Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions, was published in March 2017. In 2008, she was awarded a MacArthur Genius Grant.", "Q2096": "Edmonton ( (listen)) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Metropolitan Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region. The city anchors the north end of what Statistics Canada defines as the \"Calgary\u2013Edmonton Corridor\".The city had a population of 932,546 in 2016, making it Alberta's second-largest city and Canada's fifth-largest municipality. Also in 2016, Edmonton had a metropolitan population of 1,321,426, making it the sixth-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada. Edmonton is North America's northernmost metropolitan area with a population over one million. A resident of Edmonton is known as an Edmontonian.Edmonton's historic growth has been facilitated through the absorption of five adjacent urban municipalities (Strathcona, North Edmonton, West Edmonton, Beverly and Jasper Place) in addition to a series of annexations through 1982, and the annexation of 8,260 ha (82.6 km2) of land from Leduc County and the city of Beaumont on January 1, 2019. Known as the \"Gateway to the North\", the city is a staging point for large-scale oil sands projects occurring in northern Alberta and large-scale diamond mining operations in the Northwest Territories.Edmonton is a cultural, governmental and educational centre. It hosts a year-round slate of festivals, reflected in the nickname \"Canada's Festival City\". It is home to North America's largest mall, West Edmonton Mall (the world's largest mall from 1981 until 2004), and Fort Edmonton Park, Canada's largest living history museum.", "Q216838": "Robert Southey ( or ; 12 August 1774 \u2013 21 March 1843) was an English poet of the Romantic school, one of the Lake Poets along with William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and England's Poet Laureate for 30 years from 1813 until his death in 1843. Although his fame has been eclipsed by that of Wordsworth and Coleridge, his verse still enjoys some popularity. The English word \"zombie\", from the Haitian French \"zombi\", is purported to have first been recorded by Southey in his 1819 essay History of Brazil.", "Q276114": "Rachael Morelle Blake (born 1971) is an Australian actress.\n\n", "Q1395934": "Saw Lu (Burmese: \u1005\u1031\u102c\u101c\u1030\u1038 [s\u0254\u0301 l\u00fa]; also spelled Sawlu; also known as Min Lulin (\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102f\u101c\u1004\u103a [m\u026a\u0301\u0270\u0303 l\u1e75l\u026a\u0300\u0270\u0303]), lit. Boy King; 19 April 1049 \u2013 c. 21 April 1084) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1077 to 1084. He inherited from his father Anawrahta the Pagan Empire, the first ever unified kingdom of Burma (Myanmar) but proved an inexperienced ruler. In 1082, he faced a rebellion in Lower Burma, and was captured c. April 1083. He was later killed in captivity about a year later.", "Q93870": "Eva Glawischnig-Piesczek (born 28 February 1969 as Eva Glawischnig) is an Austrian politician of the Austrian Green Party, and its federal spokeswoman from 2008 until 2017. She was the plaintiff in the landmark case Eva Glawishnig-Piesczek v. Facebook Ireland, in which she sued Facebook for defamation to compel the social media company to globally censor the defamatory and all \"equivalent\" posts.", "Q105624": "The Bourne Identity is a 2002 American action thriller film based on Robert Ludlum's novel of the same name. It stars Matt Damon as Jason Bourne, a man suffering from extreme memory loss and attempting to discover his true identity amidst a clandestine conspiracy within the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The film also features Franka Potente, Chris Cooper, Clive Owen, Julia Stiles, Brian Cox, and Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje. The first installment in the Jason Bourne film series, it was followed by The Bourne Supremacy (2004), The Bourne Ultimatum (2007), The Bourne Legacy (2012), and Jason Bourne (2016).\nThe film was co-produced and directed by Doug Liman and adapted for the screen by Tony Gilroy and William Blake Herron. Although Robert Ludlum died in 2001, he is credited as an executive producer alongside Frank Marshall. Universal Pictures released the film to theatres in the United States on June 14, 2002. The film opened to critical and commercial success, grossing $214 million on a $60 million budget.", "Q76142": "Willigis J\u00e4ger (German: ['v\u026al\u026ag\u026as 'j\u025b:g\u0259r]; 7 March 1925 \u2013 20 March 2020) was a German Benedictine friar, mystic, and Zen master who trained and taught in the Sanbo Kyodan tradition. He founded a centre of Zen and contemplation at the M\u00fcnsterschwarzach Abbey in 1983, and his own Benediktushof, an inter-faith centre of meditation and awareness, in 2003.", "Q7099586": "Orange County School of the Arts (OCSA), colloquially called \"OH-sha\", which is retained from a pronunciation of the previous acronym for the previous name of the school (respectively \"Orange County High School of the Arts\" and \"OCHSA\"), is a 7th\u201312th grade public charter school located in downtown Santa Ana, Orange County, California, United States. The school caters to middle and high school students with talents in the performing, visual, literary arts, culinary arts and more. The educational program prepares students for higher education institutions or employment in the professional arts industry. Both the academic and arts program have prompted recognition in the US News' \"Best High Schools\" program. In 2012 the school changed its name from \"Orange County High School of the Arts\" (OCHSA) to \"Orange County School of the Arts\".", "Q330633": "Anthony Maitland Steel (21 May 1920 \u2013 21 March 2001) was a British actor and singer best known for his appearances in British war films of the 1950s such as The Wooden Horse (1950), and his marriage to Anita Ekberg. He was described as \"a glorious throwback to the Golden Age of Empire... the perfect imperial actor, born out of his time, blue-eyed, square-jawed, clean-cut.\" As another writer put it, \"whenever a chunky dependable hero was required to portray grace under pressure in wartime or the concerns of a game warden in a remote corner of the empire, Steel was sure to be called upon.\"\n\n", "Q131581": "Henry V (16 September 1386 \u2013 31 August 1422), also called Henry of Monmouth, was King of England from 1413 until his death in 1422. Despite his relatively short reign, Henry's outstanding military successes in the Hundred Years' War against France made England one of the strongest military powers in Europe. Immortalised in Shakespeare's \"Henriad\" plays, Henry is known and celebrated as one of the greatest warrior kings of medieval England.\nDuring the reign of his father Henry IV, Henry gained military experience fighting the Welsh during the revolt of Owain Glynd\u0175r and against the powerful aristocratic Percy family of Northumberland at the Battle of Shrewsbury. Henry acquired an increasing role in England's government due to the king's declining health, but disagreements between father and son led to political conflict between the two. After his father's death in 1413, Henry assumed control of the country and asserted the pending English claim to the French throne.\nIn 1415, Henry embarked on war with France in the ongoing Hundred Years' War (1337\u20131453) between the two nations. His military successes culminated in his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt (1415) and saw him come close to conquering France. Taking advantage of political divisions within France, he conquered large portions of the kingdom, resulting in Normandy's occupation by the English for the first time since 1345\u20131360. After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France, the Treaty of Troyes (1420) recognised Henry V as regent and heir apparent to the French throne, and he was subsequently married to Charles's daughter, Catherine of Valois. Everything seemed to point to the formation of a union between the kingdoms, in the person of Henry. However, he died two years later and was succeeded by his only child, the infant King Henry VI.", "Q62137": "Franz Xaver Gabelsberger (9 February 1789 \u2013 4 January 1849, both in Munich) was a German inventor of a shorthand writing system, named Gabelsberger shorthand after him.\n\nGabelsberger, employed as typist by the Bavarian government, started to develop a new shorthand system at age of 28. His system was first fully described in the textbook Anleitung zur deutschen Redezeichenkunst oder Stenographie (1834) and became rapidly used. He is buried in the Alter S\u00fcdfriedhof in Munich.", "Q65658": "Unter\u00e4geri is a municipality in the canton of Zug in Switzerland.", "Q22513": "Zhu De (; also Chu Teh; 1 December 1886 \u2013 6 July 1976) was a Chinese general, warlord, politician, revolutionary and one of the pioneers of the Communist Party of China. Born poor in 1886 in Sichuan, he was adopted by a wealthy uncle at age nine; this prosperity provided him a superior early education that led to his admission into a military academy. After his time at the academy, he joined a rebel army and soon became a warlord. It was after this period that he adopted communism. He ascended through the ranks of the Chinese Red Army as it closed in on securing the nation. By the time China was under Mao's control, Zhu was a high-ranking official within the Communist Party of China. He served as Commander-in-Chief of the Eighth Route Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War. In 1955 he became one of the Ten Marshals of the People's Liberation Army, of which he is regarded as the principal founder. Zhu remained a prominent political figure until his death in 1976. As the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 1975 to 1976, Zhu was the head of state of the People's Republic of China.", "Q562448": "Christopher Edward Hansen (born September 13, 1959) is an American television journalist and YouTube personality. He is known for his work on Dateline NBC, in particular the former segment To Catch a Predator, which revolved around catching potential Internet sex predators using a sting operation. He also hosts Killer Instinct on Investigation Discovery, which documents homicide investigations. In September 2016, he became the new host of the syndicated show Crime Watch Daily.", "Q3142107": "Hubert Sagni\u00e8res, born on 10 May 1955 in Vienne, France, is a company executive of French and Canadian nationality. He was chairman and CEO of Essilor International from 2012 to 2018 and became executive vice-chairman of EssilorLuxottica while keeping his role of chairman of Essilor International when Essilor merged with Luxottica in 2018.", "Q638932": "David James Abbruzzese (Italian pronunciation: [abrut\u02c8tse\u02d0ze];born May 17, 1968) is an American musician who was the drummer for the American rock band Pearl Jam from 1991 to 1994. He replaced drummer Dave Krusen in 1991, shortly before the release of the band's debut album, Ten. Abbruzzese played on the band's following records, Vs. and Vitalogy.\nPearl Jam was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 7, 2017. However, Abbruzzese was not included on the hall's list of inductees.", "Q348944": "Simon Solomon Webbe (born 30 March 1978) is a British singer-songwriter, rapper, actor and music manager. He is best known as a member of the boy band Blue, forming in 2000 before splitting in 2005 and reforming in 2009, selling over 15 million records. Webbe released three solo studio albums in 2005, 2006 and 2017 sold over 700,000 records worldwide and had five UK Top 40 singles.\n\n", "Q1017757": "James Joseph \"Buster\" Bennett (March 19, 1914 \u2013 July 3, 1980) was an American blues saxophonist and blues shouter. His nickname was \"Leap Frog\". At various times in his career, he played the soprano saxophone, the alto, and the tenor. He was known for his gutbucket style on the saxophone. He also played the piano and the string bass professionally.", "Q504901": "Jerald Franklin \"Jerry\" terHorst (July 11, 1922 \u2013 March 31, 2010) was an American journalist who served as the twelfth White House Press Secretary during the first month of Gerald Ford's presidency. His resignation in protest of Ford's unconditional pardon of former President Richard Nixon is still regarded as \"a rare act of conscience by a high-ranking public official\".", "Q4281621": "Maria, Mirabela is a live-action/animated film jointly produced by Romanian and Soviet movie studios. The Romanian premiere took place on December 21, 1981 in Bucharest, The Soviet premiere took place on March 3, 1982 in Moscow.", "Q158523": "Ehingen (Donau) (German pronunciation: [\u02c8e\u02d0h\u026a\u014b\u0259n]) is a town in the Alb-Donau district in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, situated on the left bank of the Danube, approx. 25 kilometres (16 miles) southwest of Ulm and 67 km (42 mi) southeast of Stuttgart.", "Q906235": "Bashkir State University (Russian: \u0411\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442) is located in Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, founded in 1909, is a classical university of Russia.", "Q202859": "Michael Peter Balzary (born 16 October 1962), known professionally as Flea, is an Australian-American musician and actor. He is best known as a founding member and the bassist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers and has appeared on every album released by the band. Flea briefly appeared as the bassist for such bands as What Is This?, Fear, and Jane's Addiction. He has performed with rock supergroups Atoms for Peace, Antemasque, Pigface, and Rocket Juice & the Moon, and collaborated with the Mars Volta, Johnny Cash, Tom Waits, Alanis Morissette, and Young MC. Flea also performed live with Nirvana in 1993 playing the trumpet.\nFlea incorporates elements of funk (including slap bass), psychedelic, punk, and hard rock in his style of playing. In 2009, Rolling Stone readers ranked Flea the second best bassist of all time, behind only John Entwistle. In 2012, he and the other members of Red Hot Chili Peppers were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.Since 1984, Flea has acted in over 20 films and television series such as Suburbia, Back to the Future Part II and Part III, My Own Private Idaho, The Chase, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Dudes, Son in Law, The Big Lebowski, Low Down, Baby Driver and Boy Erased, in addition to voicing the character Donnie Thornberry in The Wild Thornberrys animated television series and films.\nFlea is also the co-founder of Silverlake Conservatory of Music, a non-profit music education organization founded in 2001 for underprivileged children. In 2019 his memoir Acid for the Children was published, detailing his life prior to the formation of Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Q3312950": "Miguel Boyer Salvador (5 February 1939 \u2013 29 September 2014) was a Spanish economist and politician, who served as minister of economy, treasury and commerce from 1982 to 1985.", "Q72330": "The Color of Lies (French: Au c\u0153ur du mensonge) is a 1999 psychological mystery film co-written and directed by Claude Chabrol. The film was entered into the 49th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q98931": "Johann Georg Albinus (6 March 1624 \u2013 25 May 1679) was a German Protestant pastor and hymnwriter. He studied at the University of Leipzig and served as a rector at the Naumburg Cathedral School and the pastor of St. Othmar's Church, both in Naumburg. His hymns have been adapted by later composers, particularly by Johann Sebastian Bach in BWV 27 and BWV 158.", "Q130853": "Jos\u00e9 Pl\u00e1cido Domingo Embil (born 21 January 1941) is a Spanish opera singer, conductor and arts administrator. He has recorded over a hundred complete operas and is well known for his versatility, regularly performing in Italian, French, German, Spanish, English and Russian in the most prestigious opera houses in the world. Although primarily a lirico-spinto tenor for most of his career, especially popular for his Cavaradossi, Hoffmann, Don Jos\u00e9, and Canio, he quickly moved into more dramatic roles, becoming the most acclaimed Otello of his generation. In the early 2010s, he transitioned from the tenor repertory into almost exclusively baritone parts, most notably Simon Boccanegra. He has performed 151 different roles.Domingo has also achieved significant success as a crossover artist, especially in the genres of Latin and popular music. In addition to winning fourteen Grammy and Latin Grammy Awards, several of his records have gone silver, gold, platinum and multi-platinum. His first pop album, Perhaps Love (1981), spread his fame beyond the opera world. The title song, performed as a duet with country and folk singer John Denver, has sold almost four million copies and helped lead to numerous television appearances for the tenor. He also starred in many cinematically released and televised opera movies, particularly under the direction of Franco Zeffirelli. In 1990, he began singing with fellow tenors Luciano Pavarotti and Jos\u00e9 Carreras as part of The Three Tenors. The first Three Tenors recording became the best-selling classical album of all time.Growing up working in his parents' zarzuela company in Mexico, Domingo has since regularly promoted this form of Spanish opera. He also increasingly conducts operas and concerts and was the general director of the Los Angeles Opera in California from 2017\u20132019. He was initially the artistic director and later general director of the Washington National Opera from 1996\u20132011. He has been involved in numerous humanitarian works, as well as efforts to help young opera singers, including starting and running the international singing competition, Operalia.\nFollowing accusations of sexual harassment since the late 1980s, Domingo resigned as general manager of the Los Angeles Opera in October 2019, and later apologised for causing hurt to several women who accused him.", "Q108314": "Anton Ivanovich Denikin (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043d \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0438\u043d, IPA: [\u0250n\u02c8ton \u026a\u02c8van\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 d\u02b2\u026a\u02c8n\u02b2ik\u02b2\u026an]; 16 December [O.S. 4 December] 1872 \u2013 8 August 1947), a Russian Lieutenant General in the Imperial Russian Army (1916), later served as the second Supreme Leader of Russia (January to April, 1920) during the Russian Civil War of 1917-1922 (though he accepted neither the functions nor the style of Supreme Leader).", "Q213954": "Eduard Willy Kurt Herbert von Dirksen (2 April 1882 \u2013 19 December 1955) was a German diplomat who is best remembered as the last German Ambassador to Britain before World War II.", "Q2914170": "A street artist is a person who makes art in public places. Street artists include portrait artists, caricaturists, graffiti artists, muralists and people making crafts. Street artists can also refer to street performers such as musicians, acrobats, jugglers, living statues, and street theatre performers. Street artists can be seen throughout the world.", "Q202681": "Joint Security Area (Korean: \uacf5\ub3d9\uacbd\ube44\uad6c\uc5ed JSA) is a 2000 South Korean mystery thriller film starring Lee Young-ae, Lee Byung-hun and Song Kang-ho. It was directed by Park Chan-wook and is based on the novel DMZ by Park Sang-yeon. The film, which was shot on location in South Korea, concerns an investigation into the circumstances surrounding a fatal shooting incident within the DMZ, the heavily fortified border that separates North and South Korea.\nIt was the highest-grossing film in Korean film history at the time and won Best Film at the 2000 Blue Dragon Film Awards and the 2001 Grand Bell Awards.", "Q207921": "Chariots of Fire is a 1981 British historical drama film. It tells the fact-based story of two athletes in the 1924 Olympics: Eric Liddell, a devout Scottish Christian who runs for the glory of God, and Harold Abrahams, an English Jew who runs to overcome prejudice.\nThe film was conceived and produced by David Puttnam, written by Colin Welland, and directed by Hugh Hudson. Ben Cross and Ian Charleson starred as Abrahams and Liddell, alongside Nigel Havers, Ian Holm, Lindsay Anderson, John Gielgud, Cheryl Campbell, and Alice Krige in supporting roles.\nIt was nominated for seven Academy Awards and won four, including Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay. It is ranked 19th in the British Film Institute's list of Top 100 British films. The film is also notable for its memorable electronic theme tune by Vangelis, who won the Academy Award for Best Original Score.\nThe film's title was inspired by the line, \"Bring me my Chariot of fire!\", from the William Blake poem adapted into the popular British hymn \"Jerusalem\"; the hymn is heard at the end of the film. The original phrase \"chariot(s) of fire\" is from 2 Kings 2:11 and 6:17 in the Bible.", "Q716371": "Enrico Benzing (born June 17, 1932) is an Italian engineer and journalist, son of the writer Mario Benzing.\nHe wrote for the daily newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport as Motoring-Editor and Formula One races reporter. Since 1974 he writes for Il Giornale, created by Indro Montanelli, with technical contributions about the Formula One races. In 1963 he won the first edition of the \"Dino Ferrari\" Prize. From 1978 to 1980 he represented Italy in the Technical Commission of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de l'Automobile. He has projected wings for race cars, also Formula One, and he has published twelve books: among them, monographs about single cars, treatises about engine-technology, aerodynamics and the relations between aerodynamics and power in the race-cars.", "Q374065": "Patton Peter Oswalt (born January 27, 1969) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, voice actor, and writer, known for playing Spencer Olchin in the sitcom The King of Queens (1998\u20132007), voicing Remy in the Pixar film Ratatouille (2007), co-starring opposite Charlize Theron in Young Adult (2011) and guest starring as the Koenigs on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2014\u20132017). Oswalt made his acting debut in the Seinfeld episode \"The Couch\", appeared in Blade: Trinity (2004), starred in Big Fan (2009) and has appeared in a variety of television shows including, Kim Possible, Parks and Recreation, Community, Drunk History, Mystery Science Theater 3000, Archer, and Veep. He currently narrates the sitcom The Goldbergs (2013\u2013present) as adult Adam F. Goldberg. \nIn his work as a stand-up comedian, he has appeared in six stand-up specials and won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Special and a Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album for his Netflix special Patton Oswalt: Talking for Clapping (2016).", "Q113052": "Elizabethtown is a 2005 American romantic tragicomedy film written and directed by Cameron Crowe and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Its story follows a down on his luck, young shoe designer who was just fired from his job after costing his company close to $1 billion. On the verge of suicide, he receives a call from his sister informing him of the death of his father. He then decides to return to his hometown of Elizabethtown to lay his father to rest and becomes involved in an unexpected romance. It stars Orlando Bloom, Kirsten Dunst, Alec Baldwin, and Susan Sarandon.\nThe film was produced by Cruise/Wagner Productions and Vinyl Films. It premiered September 4, 2005 at the 2005 Venice Film Festival and was released worldwide on October 14, 2005. It grossed $10.6 million in its opening weekend and $52.2 million worldwide, against a budget of $45 million. It received generally negative reviews and has a 29% approval rating based on 176 votes on Rotten Tomatoes.", "Q294185": "David Arquette (born September 8, 1971) is an American actor, professional wrestler, film director, producer, screenwriter and fashion designer. A member of the Arquette acting family, he first became known during the mid-1990s after starring in several Hollywood films, such as the Scream series, Wild Bill, Never Been Kissed, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, See Spot Run and Eight Legged Freaks. He has since had several television roles, such as Jason Ventress on ABC's In Case of Emergency. As a professional wrestler, he is remembered for his infamous stint in World Championship Wrestling where he was a one time WCW World Heavyweight Champion but has received praise in recent times, for his work on the independent circuit.", "Q82969": "Bogus\u0142aw Samborski (14 April 1897 \u2013 1971) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in more than 25 films between 1925 and 1947.Polish collaborator with Nazi Germany.\nAfter the outbreak of World War II, he initially ran a cafe at the Polish Theater, closed after taking over the building for the occupation \"Theater der Stadt Warschau\" (1940). Director of this institution, Igo Sym convinced Samborski to perform in public theaters and play a role in the anti-Polish film Heimkehr. Probably Samborski decided to cooperate with him to protect his wife, who was of Jewish descent.After completing the death sentence on Igo Sym (1941), Samborski went to Nazi Germany, where he remained after the war.\nIn Third Reich he continued his acting career under the pseudonym Gottlieb Sambor.", "Q152768": "Daniel Barenboim, KBE (German: [\u02c8ba\u02d0\u0281\u0259nb\u0254\u028fm]; Hebrew: \u05d3\u05e0\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc \u05d1\u05d0\u05e8\u05e0\u05d1\u05d5\u05d9\u05dd\u200e; born 15 November 1942) is a pianist and conductor who is a citizen of Argentina, Israel, Palestine, and Spain.\nThe current general music director of the Berlin State Opera and the Staatskapelle Berlin, Barenboim previously served as Music Director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Orchestre de Paris and La Scala in Milan. Barenboim is known for his work with the West\u2013Eastern Divan Orchestra, a Seville-based orchestra of young Arab and Israeli musicians, and as a resolute critic of the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories.\nBarenboim has received many awards and prizes, including seven Grammy awards, an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, France's L\u00e9gion d'honneur both as a Commander and Grand Officier, and the German Gro\u00dfes Bundesverdienstkreuz mit Stern und Schulterband. Together with the Palestinian-American scholar Edward Said, he was given Spain's Prince of Asturias Concord Award. Barenboim is a polyglot, fluent in Spanish, Hebrew, English, French, Italian, and German. A self-described Spinozist, he is significantly influenced by Spinoza's life and thought.\n\n", "Q973872": "F\u00e9licien Challaye (1875-1967) was a French philosopher and human rights activist.\n\n", "Q3763386": "Gianna Gancia (born 31 December 1972, Bra) is an Italian politician.\nIn 2009 she was elected President of the Province of Cuneo. In 2014 she was elected to the Regional Council of Piedmont, with 6,284 preference votes.\nIn the 2019 EP election she has been elected as a member of the European Parliament.\n\n", "Q276100": "Helen Westley (born Henrietta Remsen Meserole Manney; March 28, 1875 \u2013 December 12, 1942) was an American character actress.\n\n", "Q1370012": "Esther B\u00e9jarano (n\u00e9e L\u00f6wy; born 15 December 1924, Saarlouis), along with Anita Lasker Wallfisch, is one of the last survivors of the Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz.", "Q2082": "St. John's is the capital and largest city of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the large Canadian island Newfoundland. The city spans 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is North America's easternmost city, excluding Greenland.Its name has been attributed to the Nativity of John the Baptist, when John Cabot was believed to have sailed into the harbour in 1497 and to a Basque fishing town with the same name. Existing on maps as early as 1519, it is one of the oldest cities in North America. It was officially incorporated as a city in 1888. With a metropolitan population of approximately 219,207 (as of 1 July 2017), the St. John's Metropolitan Area is Canada's 20th largest metropolitan area and the second largest Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) in Atlantic Canada, after Halifax.The city has a rich history, having played a role in the French and Indian War, the American Revolutionary War, and the War of 1812. Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi received the first transatlantic wireless signal in St. John's. Its history and culture have made it into an important tourist destination.", "Q1120689": "The Kozma Street Cemetery is the biggest Jewish cemetery of Budapest, Hungary. It is located next to the New Public Cemetery (\u00dajk\u00f6ztemet\u0151).", "Q1274506": "Rinaldo di (da) Capua (Capua, c. 1705 \u2013 probably Rome, c. 1780) was an Italian composer. Little is known of him with any certainty, including his name, although he was known to Charles Burney. He may have been the father of composer Marcello Bernardini.", "Q210285": "David Schwarz (Croatian: David \u0160varc, pronounced [d\u01ce\u028bit \u0283\u028b\u00e2rt\u0361s]; 20 December 1850 \u2013 13 January 1897) was a Croatian-Hungarian aviation pioneer born in the Austrian Empire. He is known for creating an airship with a rigid envelope made entirely of metal. . Schwarz died only months before the airship was flown. Some sources have claimed that Count Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin purchased Schwarz's airship patent from his widow, a claim which has been disputed. He was the father of the opera and operetta soprano Vera Schwarz (1888\u20131964).", "Q689445": "A visual novel (\u30d3\u30b8\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb\u30ce\u30d9\u30eb, bijuaru noberu), sometimes abbreviated as VN, is an interactive game genre, which originated in Japan, featuring text-based story with narrative style of literature and interactivity aided by static or sprite-based visuals, most often using anime-style art or occasionally live-action stills (and sometimes video footage). As the name might suggest, they resemble mixed-media novels.\nIn Japanese terminology, a distinction is often made between visual novels (abbreviated NVL, derived from \"novel\"), which consist predominantly of narration and have very few interactive elements, and adventure games (abbreviated AVG, or ADV derived from \"adventure\"), a form of adventure game which may incorporate problem-solving and other types of gameplay. This distinction is normally lost outside Japan, where both NVLs and ADVs are commonly referred to as \"visual novels\" by international fans. Visual novels and ADVs are especially prevalent in Japan, where they made up nearly 70% of the PC game titles released in 2006.Visual novels are often produced for video game consoles, and the more popular games have occasionally been ported to such systems. The more famous visual novels are also often adapted into the light novel, manga or anime formats. The market for visual novels outside of East Asia is small, though a number of anime based on visual novels are popular among anime fans in the Western world.\n\n", "Q314791": "Yazid bin Abd al-Malik (Arabic: \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u200e, romanized: Yaz\u012bd ibn \u02bfAbd al-Malik; c.\u2009690/91 \u2014 28 January 724), also referred to as Yazid II, was the ninth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 9 February 720 until his death in 724.", "Q463030": "Nien Cheng or Zheng Nian (January 28, 1915 \u2013 November 2, 2009) is the pen name of Yao Nien-Yuan (Chinese: \u59da\u5ff5\u5a9b; pinyin: Y\u00e1o Ni\u00e0nyu\u00e1n). She was a Chinese author who recounted her harrowing experiences during the Cultural Revolution in her memoir Life and Death in Shanghai.", "Q1045777": "Alikhan Nurmukhamedovich Bukeikhanov (Kazakh: \u04d8\u043b\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043d \u041d\u04b1\u0440\u043c\u04b1\u0445\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u0411\u04e9\u043a\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u00c1l\u0131han Nurmuhameduly B\u00f3ke\u0131hanov; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043d \u041d\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0443\u043a\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432; March 5, 1866 \u2013 September 27, 1937) was a Kazakh statesman, politician, publicist, teacher, writer and environmental scientist who was a founder and led the Alash party. He served as the Prime Minister of the Alash Autonomy from 1917 to 1920, making him the first person in the history of Kazakhstan to hold such a position.", "Q266313": "Diane Carol Baker (born February 25, 1938) is an American actress, producer and educator who has appeared in motion pictures and on television since 1959.", "Q76156": "Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (Indonesian: [baxa\u02c8rud\u02d0in \u02c8jusuf ha\u02c8bibi] (listen); 25 June 1936 \u2013 11 September 2019) was an Indonesian engineer and politician who was the third president of Indonesia from 1998 to 1999. Less than three months after his inauguration as the seventh vice president in March 1998, he succeeded Suharto who resigned after 31 years in office. His presidency is seen as a landmark and transition to the Reformation era. Upon becoming president, he liberalized Indonesia's press and political party laws, and held an early democratic election three years sooner than scheduled, which resulted in the end of his presidency. His 517-day presidency and 71-day vice presidency are the shortest in the country's history.", "Q200096": "17 Again is a 2009 American comedy film directed by Burr Steers. The film follows 37-year-old Mike (Matthew Perry) who becomes his 17-year-old self (Zac Efron) after a chance accident. The film also stars Leslie Mann, Thomas Lennon, Michelle Trachtenberg and Sterling Knight in supporting roles. The film was released in the United States on April 17, 2009.", "Q79503": "Juno is a 2007 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film directed by Jason Reitman and written by Diablo Cody. Ellen Page stars as the title character, an independent-minded teenager confronting an unplanned pregnancy and the subsequent events that put pressures of adult life onto her. Michael Cera, Jennifer Garner, Jason Bateman, Allison Janney and J. K. Simmons also star. Filming spanned from early February to March 2007 in Vancouver, British Columbia. It premiered on September 8 at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival, receiving a standing ovation.\nJuno won the Oscar for Best Original Screenplay and earned three other Oscar nominations, including Best Picture and Best Actress for Page. The film's soundtrack, featuring several songs performed by Kimya Dawson in various guises, was the first chart-topping soundtrack since Dreamgirls and 20th Century Fox's first number one soundtrack since Titanic. Juno earned back its initial budget of $6.5 million in twenty days, the first nineteen of which were when the film was in limited release. It went on to earn $231 million worldwide. Juno received acclaim from critics, many of whom placed the film on their top ten lists for the year. It has received criticism and praise from members of both the anti-abortion and abortion rights communities regarding its treatment of abortion. In light of Georgia's anti-abortion law, Diablo Cody said she would not have written Juno now that people perceive it as an anti-choice film.", "Q3109304": "Jes\u00fas Posada Moreno (born 4 April 1945), is the former President of the Congress of Deputies, the lower house of the Spanish Cortes Generales. He has worked as a civil engineer and economist.From 1979 to 1981 he served as civil governor of the province of Huelva in Andalusia.\nHe went on to represent Soria in the regional parliament of Castile and Leon from 1983. From 1989 to 1991 he was president of the regional government. He has represented Soria Province in the Congress of Deputies since the election of the fifth legislature on 29 June 1993. He succeeded Jos\u00e9 Antonio de Miguel Nieto. In the government of Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Aznar, he was Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food from 1999 to 2000, and Minister of Public Administration from 2000 to 2002.On 13 December 2011 he was elected President of the Congress of Deputies for the tenth legislature, with 202 of a possible 350 votes.", "Q539458": "Jean Allemane (1843, Sauveterre-de-Comminges, Haute-Garonne \u2013 1935, Herblay in Seine-et-Oise) was a French socialist politician, veteran of the Paris Commune of 1871, pioneer of syndicalism, leader of the Socialist-Revolutionary Workers' Party (POSR) and co-founder of the unified French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. He was a deputy in the National Assembly of the Third French Republic.", "Q699130": "Carlo Abarth (15 November 1908 \u2013 24 October 1979), born Karl Albert Abarth, was an automobile designer. Abarth was born in Austria, but later was naturalized as an Italian citizen; and at this time his first name Karl was changed to its Italian equivalent of Carlo.", "Q271109": "Priscilla Marie Pointer (born May 18, 1924) is an American stage, film and television character actress. She began her career in the theater, including productions on Broadway. Later, Pointer moved to Hollywood to act in films and on television. She is the mother of Amy Irving, therefore making her the former mother-in-law of filmmakers Steven Spielberg and Bruno Barreto and the mother-in-law of documentary filmmaker Kenneth Bowser, Jr.", "Q443486": "Paul Joseph Otto Johansson (born January 26, 1964) is an American actor and director in film and television, best known for playing Dan Scott on the WB/CW series, One Tree Hill, and for his role as Nick Wolfe on the short lived Highlander: The Series spin-off Highlander: The Raven. He directed the 2011 film adaptation of Ayn Rand's novel, Atlas Shrugged: Part I.", "Q230633": "Pola Negri (; born Apolonia Cha\u0142upec, 3 January 1897 \u2013 1 August 1987) was a Polish-American stage and film actress and singer who achieved worldwide fame during the silent and golden eras of Hollywood and European film for her tragedienne and femme fatale roles.\nRaised in the Congress Kingdom of Poland, Negri's childhood was marked by several personal hardships: After her father was sent to Siberia, she was raised by her single mother in poverty, and suffered tuberculosis as a teenager. Negri recovered, and went on to study ballet and acting in Warsaw, becoming a well-known stage actress there. In 1917, she relocated to Germany, where she began appearing in silent films for the Berlin-based UFA studio. Her film performances for UFA came to the attention of Hollywood executives at Paramount Pictures, who offered her a film contract.\nNegri signed with Paramount in 1922, making her the first European actress in history to be contracted in Hollywood. She spent much of the 1920s working in the United States appearing in numerous films for Paramount, establishing herself as one of the most popular actresses in American silent film. In the 1930s, during the emergence of sound film, Negri returned to Europe where she appeared in multiple films for Path\u00e9 Films and UFA, and also began a career as a recording artist. She made only two films after 1940, with her last screen credit in Walt Disney's The Moon-Spinners (1964).\nNegri spent her later life largely outside the public sphere. She became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1951, and spent the remainder of her life living in San Antonio, Texas, where she died of pneumonia secondary to a brain tumor for which she refused treatment, in 1987, aged 90.", "Q66423": "Mathieu Carri\u00e8re (born 2 August 1950 in Hanover, Germany) is a German actor.", "Q335039": "Nolan Kay Bushnell (born February 5, 1943) is an American businessman and electrical engineer. He established Atari, Inc. and the Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre chain. Bushnell has been inducted into the Video Game Hall of Fame and the Consumer Electronics Association Hall of Fame, received the BAFTA Fellowship and the Nations Restaurant News \"Innovator of the Year\" award, and was named one of Newsweek's \"50 Men Who Changed America.\" Bushnell has started more than twenty companies and is one of the founding fathers of the video game industry. He is on the board of Anti-Aging Games. In 2012 he founded an educational software company called Brainrush, that is using video game technology in educational software.\nNolan is credited with Bushnell's Law, an aphorism about games \"easy to learn and difficult to master\" being rewarding.", "Q103527": "Wibke Gertrud Bruhns (born Klamroth; 8 September 1938 \u2013 20 June 2019) was a German journalist and author. In 1971, she was the first woman to present the news on German public television. She was a journalist for several television stations, and for the Stern magazine in Jerusalem and Washington, D.C. She was also a speaker at Expo 2000.\nShe wrote about her memories in three books: about her time as a correspondent in Israel, the biography of her father, Hans Georg Klamroth, who was executed by the Nazis, and her autobiography, covering political events of decades.", "Q364510": "William deVry (born April 20, 1968) is a Canadian television actor. He is best known for his roles in American daytime soap operas, as Tim Dolan on Port Charles, as Michael Cambias on All My Children, as Storm Logan on The Bold and the Beautiful, and currently as Julian Jerome on General Hospital. He is also known for roles in the Earth: Final Conflict, Stargate SG-1, InSecurity, and Nikita.", "Q260004": "Om Prakash Jindal (7 August 1930 \u2013 31 March 2005), popularly known as O.P. Jindal, was born in Hisar, Haryana. He established a successful business enterprise Jindal Steel and Power under the flagship of the Jindal Organization, of which he was the chairman. In November 2004, Jindal was awarded the prestigious \"Life Time Achievement Award\" for his outstanding contribution to the Indian Steel Industry by the Bengal Chamber of Commerce and Industry. According to the latest Forbes List, he was ranked 13th amongst the richest Indians and placed 548th amongst the richest persons of the world.Jindal was appointed Minister of Power in the Government of Haryana. He won the Hisar Legislative Assembly seat of Haryana three times consecutively. He was also a Member of the Committee on Food, Civil Supplies and Public Distribution from 1996 to 1997.\nJindal was elected to the Haryana Vidhan Sabha (the Haryana state government) in February 2005 and was the Minister of Power in the Government of Haryana at the time of his death. He was the Chairman of the N.C. Jindal Charitable Trust; Patron and Trustee of Agroha Vikas Trust and Agroha Medical College.\nHis four sons, Prithviraj Jindal, Sajjan Jindal, Ratan Jindal and Naveen Jindal now run the steel and power empire. His widow Savitri Jindal was Minister of State for Revenue, Disaster Management, Rehabilitation and Housing in Haryana state government, while his son Naveen was a member of the Parliament of India.\n\n", "Q1101121": "John Clifford \"Cliff\" Garrett (1908 in Seattle, WA - 1963) was an American entrepreneur who founded a company in Los Angeles in 1936 which came to be known as Garrett AiResearch.By the end of the 1940s Garrett Corporation was first listed on the New York Stock Exchange. \"In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Garrett was heavily committed to the design of small gas turbine engines from 20 - 90 horse power (15 - 67 kW). The engineers had developed a good background in the metallurgy of housings, high speed seals, radial inflow turbines, and centrifugal compressors.\"In the 1950s and 1960s, Garrett's company diversified and expanded. Garrett AiResearch designed and produced a wide range of military and industrial products for aerospace and general industry.\nCliff Garrett died in 1963. In 1964, to avoid a hostile takeover of Garrett's assets by Curtiss-Wright, his corporation merged with Signal Oil and Gas Company to form the Signal Companies.", "Q60052": "Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (German: [\u02c8k\u026a\u0281\u00e7h\u0254f]; 12 March 1824 \u2013 17 October 1887) was a German physicist who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy, and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects.He coined the term black-body radiation in 1862. Several different sets of concepts are named \"Kirchhoff's laws\" after him, concerning such diverse subjects as black-body radiation and spectroscopy, electrical circuits, and thermochemistry. The Bunsen\u2013Kirchhoff Award for spectroscopy is named after him and his colleague, Robert Bunsen.\n\n", "Q104248": "Arnold Spuler (1 June 1869, Durmersheim \u2013 15 March 1937, Aidenried, Upper Bavaria) was a German physician, an entomologist and a politician.", "Q867813": "Claire Catherine Danes (born April 12, 1979) is an American actress. She is the recipient of three Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. In 2012, Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world, and she was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2015.Danes gained early recognition as Angela Chase in the 1994 teen drama series My So-Called Life. The role won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress and a Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. She made her film debut the same year in Little Women (1994). Her other films include Home for the Holidays (1995), Romeo + Juliet (1996), The Rainmaker (1997), Les Mis\u00e9rables (1998), Brokedown Palace (1999), the 1999 English dub of Princess Mononoke (1997), The Hours (2002), Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), Shopgirl (2005), Stardust (2007), and A Kid Like Jake (2018).\nFrom 1998 to 2000, Danes attended Yale University before dropping out to return to acting. She appeared in an Off-Broadway production of The Vagina Monologues in 2000, and made her Broadway debut playing Eliza Doolittle in the 2007 revival of Pygmalion. In 2010, she portrayed Temple Grandin in the highly acclaimed HBO TV film Temple Grandin, which won her a second Golden Globe and her first Primetime Emmy Award for the Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. Since 2011, she has starred as Carrie Mathison in the Showtime drama series Homeland, for which she has won two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, two Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama, and the Television Critics Association Award for Individual Achievement in Drama.", "Q986435": "Nyk\u00f8bing Falster (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8ny\u02cck\u02b0\u00f8\u02c0pe\u031d\u014b \u02c8f\u00e6l\u02c0st\u0250]; originally named Nyk\u00f8bing) is a southern Danish city, seat of the Guldborgsund kommune. It belongs to Region Sj\u00e6lland. The city lies on Falster, connected by the 295-meter-long Frederick IX Bridge over the Guldborgsund (Guldborg Strait) waterway to the island of Lolland. The town has a population of 16,770 (1 January 2019). Including the satellite town Sundby on the Lolland side, with a population of 2,953, the total population is 19,723.", "Q441291": "Ellen Winther Lembourn (n\u00e9e S\u00f8rensen; 11 August 1933, \u00c5rhus \u2013 13 August 2011) was a Danish opera singer and actress, best known internationally for her participation in the 1962 Eurovision Song Contest.\nWinther trained as an opera singer and made her professional debut in 1957 at the Royal Danish Theatre, where she would be employed for 30 years both as a singer and a dramatic actress. In 1962, Winther won the Danish Eurovision Song Contest selection with the song \"Vuggevise\" (\"Lullaby\"), and went forward to the seventh Eurovision Song Contest, held in Luxembourg City on 18 March. \"Vuggevise\" finished in joint 10th place out of 16 entries.Winther became well known to Danish audiences by many appearances in film and television, as well as singing in opera, stage musicals and revues. In 1983, she was awarded the Order of the Dannebrog for her contribution to the arts in Denmark.", "Q156268": "Pierre Bourdieu (French: [bu\u0281dj\u00f8]; 1 August 1930 \u2013 23 January 2002) was a French sociologist, anthropologist, philosopher and public intellectual.Bourdieu's work was primarily concerned with the dynamics of power in society, especially the diverse and subtle ways in which power is transferred and social order is maintained within and across generations. In conscious opposition to the idealist tradition of much of Western philosophy, his work often emphasized the corporeal nature of social life and stressed the role of practice and embodiment in social dynamics. Building upon the theories of Martin Heidegger, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Edmund Husserl, Georges Canguilhem, Karl Marx, Gaston Bachelard, Max Weber, \u00c9mile Durkheim, Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss, Erwin Panofsky and Marcel Mauss among others, his research pioneered novel investigative frameworks and methods, and introduced such influential concepts as cultural, social, and symbolic forms of capital (as opposed to traditional economic forms of capital), the cultural reproduction, the habitus, the field or location, and symbolic violence. Another notable influence on Bourdieu was Blaise Pascal, after whom Bourdieu titled his Pascalian Meditations. Bourdieu's major contributions to the sociology of education, the theory of sociology, and sociology of aesthetics have achieved wide influence in several related academic fields (e.g. anthropology, media and cultural studies, education), popular culture, and the arts.\nBourdieu's best known book is Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste (1979). The book was judged the sixth most important sociological work of the twentieth century by the International Sociological Association. In it, Bourdieu argues that judgments of taste are related to social position, or more precisely, are themselves acts of social positioning. His argument is put forward by an original combination of social theory and data from quantitative surveys, photographs and interviews, in an attempt to reconcile difficulties such as how to understand the subject within objective structures. In the process, he tried to reconcile the influences of both external social structures and subjective experience on the individual (see structure and agency).", "Q326723": "Leon Ames (born Harry Wycoff; January 20, 1902 \u2013 October 12, 1993) was an American film and television actor. He is best remembered for playing father figures in such films as Meet Me in St. Louis (1944) with Judy Garland as one of his daughters, Little Women (1949), On Moonlight Bay (1951), and By the Light of the Silvery Moon (1953). The fathers whom Ames portrayed were often somewhat stuffy and exasperated by the younger generation, but ultimately kind and understanding. One of his best-known roles was as DA Kyle Sackett in the film, The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946).\n\n", "Q640123": "DoCo is a pop group composed of five female Ranma \u00bd voice actresses. The performances are done in-character. DoCo has released three albums: DoCo\u2605First, DoCo\u2606Second, and DoCo Original Karaoke. Some of the songs were translated and performed in English by DoCo U.S.A., the corresponding English language voice actors. Some of their songs were used as the opening and ending themes for the Ranma \u00bd OVA, as well as in music videos that accompanied the OVAs. A few songs (such as the DoCo version of CoCo's \"Equal Romance\") also appear on various Ranma \u00bd musical albums.\nDoCo is in some sense a parody of CoCo. As \"CoCo\" can be taken to mean \u3053\u3053 (koko, here), \"DoCo\" can be taken to mean \u3069\u3053 (doko, where?).", "Q451082": "Laodice IV (flourished second half 3rd century BC and first half 2nd century BC) was a Greek Princess, Head Priestess and Queen of the Seleucid Empire. Antiochus III appointed Laodice in 193 BC, as the chief priestess of the state cult dedicated to her late mother Laodice III in Media. She later was married to three Kings of the Seleucid Empire, all her brothers.", "Q438034": "Old Barge, Young Love (German: Alter Kahn und junge Liebe) is a 1973 West German comedy romance film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Roy Black, Barbara Nielsen, and Peter Millowitsch.Location shooting took place around Schaffhausen in Northern Switzerland.", "Q160902": "Sigmar Hartmut Gabriel (born 12 September 1959) is a German politician who was Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2017 to 2018 and Vice-Chancellor of Germany from 2013 to 2018. He was Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 2009 to 2017, which made him the party's longest-serving leader since Willy Brandt. He was the Federal Minister of the Environment from 2005 to 2009 and the Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy from 2013 to 2017. From 1999 to 2003 Gabriel was Minister-President of Lower Saxony.\nGabriel is a member of the Seeheimer Kreis, an official internal grouping of the party with liberal economic positions.", "Q1175878": "David Nelson (born June 12, 1943, in Seattle, Washington, U.S.) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter. He is perhaps best known as a co-founder and longtime member of the New Riders of the Purple Sage.", "Q117552": "Flavio Maspoli (29 January 1950 - 11/12 June 2007) was a Swiss politician and a co-founder of the Lega dei Ticinesi. He was a member of the Swiss National Council (1991\u20132003).", "Q796571": "Bodawpaya (Burmese: \u1018\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038, pronounced [b\u00f3d\u0254\u0300 p\u02b0\u0259j\u00e1]; Thai: \u0e1b\u0e14\u0e38\u0e07; 11 March 1745 \u2013 5 June 1819) was the sixth king of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma. Born Maung Shwe Waing and later Badon Min, he was the fourth son of Alaungpaya, founder of the dynasty and the Third Burmese Empire. He was proclaimed king after deposing his nephew Phaungkaza Maung Maung, son of his oldest brother Naungdawgyi, at Ava. Bodawpaya moved the royal capital back to Amarapura in 1782. He was titled Hsinbyumyashin (Lord of the White Elephants), although he became known to posterity as Bodawpaya in relation to his successor, his grandson Bagyidaw (Royal Elder Uncle), who in turn was given this name in relation to his nephew Mindon Min. He fathered 62 sons and 58 daughters by about 200 consorts.", "Q366307": "Theofan Stilian Noli, known as Fan Noli (6 January 1882 \u2013 13 March 1965), was an Albanian writer, scholar, diplomat, politician, historian, orator and founder of the Orthodox Church of Albania, who served as Prime Minister and regent of Albania in 1924 during the June Revolution.Fan Noli is venerated in Albania as a champion of literature, history, theology, diplomacy, journalism, music and national unity. He played an important role in the consolidation of Albanian as the national language of Albania with numerous translations of world literature masterpieces. He also wrote extensively in English: as a scholar and author of a series of publications on Skanderbeg, Shakespeare, Beethoven, religious texts and translations. He produced a translation of the New Testament in English, The New Testament of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ from the approved Greek text of the Church of Constantinople and the Church of Greece, published in 1961.\nNoli earned degrees at Harvard (1912), the New England Conservatory of Music (1938), and finally his Ph.D. from Boston University (1945). He was ordained a priest in 1908, establishing thereby the Albanian Church and elevating the Albanian language to ecclesiastic use. He briefly resided in Albania after the 1912 declaration of independence. After World War I, Noli led the diplomatic efforts for the reunification of Albania and received the support of US President Woodrow Wilson. Later he pursued a diplomatic-political career in Albania, successfully leading the Albanian bid for membership in the League of Nations.\nA respected figure who remained critical of corruption and injustice in the Albanian government, Fan Noli was asked to lead the 1924 June Revolution. He then served as prime minister until his revolutionary government was overthrown by Ahmet Zogu. He was exiled to Italy and permanently settled in the United States in the 1930s, acquiring US citizenship and agreeing to end his political involvement. He spent the rest of his life as an academician, religious leader, and writer.", "Q844012": "Lynchburg is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 75,568, estimated to have risen to 82,126 as of 2018. Located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the banks of the James River, Lynchburg is known as the \"City of Seven Hills\" or the \"Hill City\". In the 1860s, Lynchburg was the only major city in Virginia that was not recaptured by the Union before the end of the American Civil War.Lynchburg lies at the center of a wider metropolitan area close to the geographic center of Virginia. It is the fifth-largest MSA in Virginia, with a population of 260,320. It is the site of several institutions of higher education, including Virginia University of Lynchburg, University of Lynchburg, Randolph College, Central Virginia Community College and Liberty University. Nearby cities include Roanoke, Charlottesville, and Danville.", "Q2058276": "The Patscher Spitze is a mountain of the Rieserferner group on the border between Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy.", "Q431776": "The Underground Comedy Movie is a 1999 film directed by and starring Vince Offer. Alongside short comedy sketches it features music by NOFX and Guttermouth, among others. It is considered by some as one of the worst films of all time.", "Q157176": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Szpilman (Polish pronunciation: [vwa\u02c8d\u0268swaf \u02c8\u0282p\u02b2ilman]; 5 December 1911 \u2013 6 July 2000) was a Polish pianist and classical composer of Jewish descent. Szpilman is widely known as the central figure in the 2002 Roman Polanski film The Pianist, which was based on Szpilman's autobiographical account of how he survived the German occupation of Warsaw and the Holocaust.\nSzpilman studied piano at music academies in Berlin and Warsaw. He became a popular performer on Polish radio and in concert. Confined within the Warsaw ghetto after the German invasion of Poland, Szpilman spent two years in hiding. Towards the end of his concealment, he was helped by a German officer who detested Nazi policies. After World War II, Szpilman resumed his career on Polish radio. Szpilman was also a prolific composer; his oeuvre included hundreds of songs and many orchestral pieces.", "Q6582": "Carcassonne (, also US: , French: [ka\u0281kas\u0254n] (listen); Occitan: Carcassona [ka\u027eka\u02c8sun\u0254]; Latin: Carcaso) is a French fortified city in the department of Aude, in the region of Occitanie. A prefecture, it has a population of about 50,000.\nInhabited since the Neolithic, Carcassonne is located in the plain of the Aude between historic trade routes, linking the Atlantic to the Mediterranean Sea and the Massif Central to the Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es. Its strategic importance was quickly recognized by the Romans, who occupied its hilltop until the demise of the Western Roman Empire. In the fifth century, it was taken over by the Visigoths, who founded the city. Its strategic location led successive rulers to expand its fortifications until the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659.\nIts citadel, known as the Cit\u00e9 de Carcassonne, is a medieval fortress dating back to the Gallo-Roman period and restored by the theorist and architect Eug\u00e8ne Viollet-le-Duc in 1853. It was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1997. Consequently, Carcassonne relies heavily on tourism but also counts manufacturing and winemaking as some of its other key economic sectors.", "Q1113525": "Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof (born Ludwik Zamenhof; 23 January 1925 \u2013 9 October 2019) was a Polish-French civil and marine engineer, specializing in the design of structural steel and concrete construction. He was a grandson of the Polish Jewish L. L. Zamenhof, the inventor of the international auxiliary language Esperanto. From the 1960s until his death, Zaleski-Zamenhof lived in France.", "Q1674097": "Jay Berliner (born May 24, 1940 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American guitarist who has worked with Van Morrison.", "Q333460": "Ratan Naval Tata (born 28 December 1937) is an Indian industrialist, philanthropist, and a former chairman of Tata Sons. He was also chairman of Tata Group, from 1990 to 2012, and again, as interim chairman, from October 2016 through February 2017, and continues to head its charitable trusts. He is the recipient of two of the highest civilian awards of India, the Padma Vibhushan (2008) and Padma Bhushan (2000). He is well known for his business ethics and philanthropy.Born in 1937, he is a scion of the Tata family, and great-grandson of Jamsetji Tata, the founder of Tata Group. He is an alumnus of the Cornell University College of Architecture. He joined his company in 1961, and was the apparent successor to J. R. D. Tata upon the latter's retirement in 1991. During Ratan Tata's chairmanship of 21 years, revenues grew over 40 times, and profit, over 50 times. He boldly got Tata Tea to acquire Tetley, Tata Motors to acquire Jaguar Land Rover, and Tata Steel to acquire Corus, in an attempt to turn Tata from a largely India-centric group into a global business.", "Q271121": "Janet Ruth Montgomery (born 29 October 1985) is an English film and TV actress. She first gained attention for her role as Ames in the second season of the television series Human Target (2010\u201311), and also for her appearances in the 2009 straight-to-DVD film The Hills Run Red. She played the lead character in the television drama Made in Jersey (2012), cancelled after eight episodes. From 2014 to 2017, she starred as the lead character, Mary Sibley, in the series Salem. Montgomery has played the role of Lauren Bloom on the television series New Amsterdam since 2018.", "Q2272369": "Serge-Christophe Kolm (born December 1932) is a French economist. His work in economics and related social science includes his analyses, concepts and results in Public Economics and Normative Economics (hence also social ethics and political philosophy) focusing on equality, distributive justice, and efficiency of economic measures, and in other fields and problems often applying them.", "Q218197": "Zoe Cruz (born Zoe Papadimitriou on February 2, 1955) is a Greek American senior banking executive and former co-president of Morgan Stanley.", "Q1063940": "Charles Henry John Benedict Crofton Chetwynd Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury, 22nd Earl of Waterford, 7th Earl Talbot, (born 18 December 1952), styled Viscount Ingestre until 1980, is an English nobleman and the Lord High Steward of Ireland. He is the premier earl in the Peerage of England as the Earl of Shrewsbury (created 1442), and in the Peerage of Ireland as the Earl of Waterford (1446). He also holds the titles of Earl Talbot and Baron Talbot.", "Q102611": "Karl-Heinz Vosgerau (b. August 16, 1928 in Kiel, Germany) is a German television actor.", "Q190373": "Joseph Roland Barbera ( bar-BAIR-\u0259, BAR-b\u0259r-\u0259, Italian: [bar\u02c8b\u025b\u02d0ra]; March 24, 1911 \u2013 December 18, 2006) was an American animator, director, producer, storyboard artist, and cartoon artist, whose film and television cartoon characters entertained millions of fans worldwide for much of the 20th century.\nHe was born to Italian immigrants in New York City, where he lived, attended college and began his career through his young adult years. After working odd jobs and as a banker, Barbera joined Van Beuren Studios in 1927 and subsequently Terrytoons in 1929. In 1930, he moved to California and while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Barbera met William Hanna. The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing Tom and Jerry. In 1957, after MGM dissolved their animation department, they co-founded Hanna-Barbera, which became the most successful television animation studio in the business, producing programs such as The Flintstones, Yogi Bear, Scooby-Doo, Top Cat, The Smurfs, Huckleberry Hound, and The Jetsons. In 1967, Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $12 million, but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company. In 1991, the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System, which in turn was merged with Time Warner, owners of Warner Bros., in 1996; Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors.\nHanna and Barbera won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards. Their cartoon shows have become cultural icons, and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films, books, and toys. Hanna-Barbera's shows had a worldwide audience of over 300 million people in the 1960s and have been translated into more than 28 languages.\n\n", "Q69738": "Pully (French pronunciation: \u200b[py\u02c8ji]) is a municipality in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Lavaux-Oron. It is one of the eastern suburbs of the city of Lausanne, located on the shores of Lake Geneva (Lac L\u00e9man) and at the foot of the vineyards of Lavaux on the road to Vevey and Montreux.", "Q529663": "Millicent Vernon Hammond Fenwick (February 25, 1910 \u2013 September 16, 1992) was an American fashion editor, politician and diplomat. A four-term Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey, she entered politics late in life and was renowned for her energy and colorful enthusiasm. She was regarded as a moderate and progressive within her party and was outspoken in favor of civil rights and the women's movement. She was considered the inspiration behind Lacey Davenport, a fictional character in Garry Trudeau's comic strip Doonesbury.\n\n", "Q67715": "Hans-Adam Otto von Heydebreck, called Peter von Heydebreck (1 July 1889, in K\u00f6slin \u2013 30 June 1934, in Stadelheim Prison) was a German Freikorps- and SA leader, member of the Reichstag and a national socialist.\nHeydebreck served as an officer in the German Army in World War I. During the German revolution of November 1918, he founded the Freikorps named after him.\nDuring the Third Silesian Uprising in 1921, his troops were foremost in the reconquest of the low mountain at the centre of the Battle of Annaberg, gaining for Von Heydebreck the epithet \"the Hero of Annaberg\".\nHe made a career for himself in the Nazi party, but, during the R\u00f6hm-Putsch in 1934, he was brought to Stadelheim Prison and killed by the SS, becoming one of the victims of the Night of the Long Knives.\nThree months before his death the city of K\u0119dzierzyn was renamed on his name. The renaming was only reverted in 1945; the Nazis kept the name despite the fact that he was a victim of the regime.", "Q335011": "Thomas Merton (January 31, 1915 \u2013 December 10, 1968) was an American Trappist monk, writer, theologian, mystic, poet, social activist, and scholar of comparative religion. On May 26, 1949, he was ordained to the priesthood and given the name \"Father Louis\".Merton wrote more than 50 books in a period of 27 years, mostly on spirituality, social justice and a quiet pacifism, as well as scores of essays and reviews. Among Merton's most enduring works is his bestselling autobiography The Seven Storey Mountain (1948), which sent scores of World War II veterans, students, and even teenagers flocking to monasteries across the US, and was also featured in National Review's list of the 100 best non-fiction books of the century. Merton was a keen proponent of interfaith understanding. He pioneered dialogue with prominent Asian spiritual figures, including the Dalai Lama, the Japanese writer D. T. Suzuki, the Thai Buddhist monk Buddhadasa, and the Vietnamese monk Thich Nhat Hanh, and authored books on Zen Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism.", "Q496287": "Animotion is an American synthpop band from Los Angeles, California, best known for the songs \"Obsession\", \"Let Him Go\", \"I Engineer\", and \"Room to Move\".Formed in 1983 from the remnants of a retro science-fiction band called Red Zone, they signed a record deal with Mercury Records in 1984 and made four albums.", "Q433149": "Paula Garces (born March 20, 1974) is a Colombian American film and TV actress, known for her appearance in films such as Clockstoppers, Man of the House and The Harold and Kumar Series, and on TV shows such as CSI: Miami, On My Block, The Shield, Law and Order: Special Victims Unit, The Sopranos, Oz, Devious Maids, Guiding Light and All My Children.", "Q78635": "Archduke Felix of Austria (given names: Felix Friedrich August Maria vom Siege Franz Joseph Peter Karl Anton Robert Otto Pius Michael Benedikt Sebastian Ignatius Marcus d'Aviano; 31 May 1916 \u2013 6 September 2011) was the last surviving child of the last Austrian Emperor Charles I and a member of the House of Habsburg. He was a younger brother of former Crown Prince Otto of Austria, who predeceased Felix by two months.", "Q506858": "Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism (the collecting, editing, and presenting of news material for publication or broadcast) that employs images in order to tell a news story. It is now usually understood to refer only to still images, but in some cases the term also refers to video used in broadcast journalism. Photojournalism is distinguished from other close branches of photography (e.g., documentary photography, social documentary photography, street photography or celebrity photography) by complying with a rigid ethical framework which demands that the work be both honest and impartial whilst telling the story in strictly journalistic terms. Photojournalists create pictures that contribute to the news media, and help communities connect with one other. Photojournalists must be well informed and knowledgeable about events happening right outside their door. They deliver news in a creative format that is not only informative, but also entertaining.\nLike a writer, a photojournalist is a reporter, but he or she must often make decisions instantly and carry photographic equipment, often while exposed to significant obstacles (e.g., physical danger, weather, crowds, physical access).", "Q63573": "Samuel Freiherr von Cocceji (pronounced kok-'tse-yi) (20 October 1679 \u2013 4 October 1755) was a German official from the Electorate of the Palatinate who served Brandenburg-Prussia. He was the son of Heinrich von Cocceji.\nCocceji was born in Heidelberg. By 1702 he was a professor at Viadrina University in Frankfurt (Oder) in the Kingdom of Prussia. By 1723 he was Kammergerichtspr\u00e4sident (president of the superior court of justice), from 1738-39 he was chairman of the Prussian justice department, and by 1747 he was Gro\u00dfkanzler (grand chancellor). King Frederick II of Prussia appointed Cocceji to lead the legal reorganization of annexed Silesia. Cocceji subsequently reformed the legal system of all of Prussia.", "Q176190": "Adnan \u015eenses (21 August 1935 \u2013 25 December 2013) was a Turkish musician and actor.", "Q107769": "Luke Cunningham Wilson (born September 21, 1971) is an American actor known for his roles in films such as Idiocracy, My Super Ex-Girlfriend, The Ridiculous 6, Old School, Bottle Rocket, The Royal Tenenbaums, Blue Streak, Bongwater, and Legally Blonde. He was a member of the cast of the HBO television series Enlightened (2011\u201313). He is the younger brother of actors Andrew Wilson and Owen Wilson.", "Q331277": "Anywhere but Here is a 1999 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film, based on the novel of the same name by Mona Simpson. The screenplay was written by Alvin Sargent, and the film was directed by Wayne Wang. It was produced by Laurence Mark, Petra Alexandria, and Ginny Nugent. It stars Susan Sarandon, Natalie Portman, and Shawn Hatosy.\nFilming began in late June 1998. The film debuted at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 17, 1999, before being released in the United States on November 12.", "Q1536552": "The Golkar Party or Party of Functional Groups (Indonesian: Partai Golongan Karya) is a political party in Indonesia. It was founded as Sekber Golkar (Sekretariat Bersama Golongan Karya, Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups) in 1964, and participated for the first time in 1971 as Golkar (Golongan Karya, Functional Groups). At this point, Golkar was not a political party. In 1999, forced by the new election law, the groups reformed itself as a political party.\nGolkar was the Indonesian ruling group from 1971 to 1999, under Presidents Suharto and B. J. Habibie. It subsequently join the ruling coalitions under presidents Abdurrahman Wahid, Megawati Sukarnoputri, and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. When President Joko Widodo of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle was elected in 2014, Golkar initially joined an opposition coalition led by former general Prabowo Subianto but in 2016 switched its allegiance to Widodo's government.", "Q2837795": "Allan Zeman GBM, GBS, JP (Chinese name: \u76db\u667a\u6587; born 1949) is a Hong Kong business magnate.", "Q679952": "Renton is a city in King County, Washington, and a suburb of Seattle. Situated 11 miles (18 km) southeast of downtown Seattle, Renton straddles the southeast shore of Lake Washington, at the mouth of the Cedar River.\nAfter a long history as an important salmon fishing area for Native Americans, Renton was first settled by people of European descent in the 1860s, and its early economy was based on coal mining, clay production, and timber export. Today, Renton is best known as the final assembly point for the Boeing 737 family of commercial airplanes, but it is also home to a growing number of well known manufacturing, technology, and healthcare organizations, including Boeing Commercial Airplanes Division, Paccar, Kaiser Permanente, IKEA, Providence Health & Services, UW Medicine, and Wizards of the Coast. As of 2018, the population in Renton is 102,153, up from 90,927 at the 2010 census. Renton currently is the eighth-largest city in Washington and is the fourth largest in King County. Since 2008, the National Football League's Seattle Seahawks have had a training facility in Renton, the Virginia Mason Athletic Center (VMAC), which is the second-largest facility in the NFL at 200,000 square feet (19,000 m2).", "Q1877839": "Luther Johnson (born April 11, 1939, Itta Bena, Mississippi) is a Chicago blues singer and guitarist, who performs under the name Luther \"Guitar Junior\" Johnson. He is not to be confused with Luther \"Snake Boy\" Johnson, Luther \"Houserocker\" Johnson, or Lonnie \"Guitar Junior\" Brooks.", "Q617053": "Thomas Knoll is an American software engineer who created Adobe Photoshop. He initiated the development of image processing routines in 1988. After Knoll created the first core routines, he showed them to his brother, John Knoll, who worked at Industrial Light and Magic. John liked what he saw, suggested new features, and encouraged Tom to bundle them into a package with a graphical user interface. In 1989, John successfully sold the program to Adobe Systems which brought it out as Photoshop.Thomas Knoll was the lead developer until version CS4, and currently contributes to work on the Camera Raw plug-in to process raw images from cameras.Knoll was born and raised in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and graduated from the University of Michigan.The Adobe Photoshop version CC 2015, which was released on June 15, 2015, was dedicated to Thomas Knoll and his brother.\n\n", "Q1189433": "James Leslie Miles Fisher (born June 23, 1983) is an American film and television actor, entrepreneur, and musician.\nHe had a role in the 1997 CBS adaptation of the book True Women and had a starring role in the 2000 film Lone Star Struck. In 2001, he won Best Actor at the International Teen Movie Festival (ITMF) in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada for his role in his short film Head Shot. He also received praise in 2001 in an article in Newsday, and this helped further his career. He appeared as a member of the First Regiment of Virginia Volunteers in the 2003 Civil War film Gods and Generals, which starred Robert Duvall. Fisher parodied actor Tom Cruise in the 2008 film Superhero Movie. He had a recurring role as a rookie police officer in 2008 on the television series The Cleaner on A&E Network. Fisher appeared in 2009 on Gossip Girl. On the third season of the television series Mad Men, Fisher portrayed a friend of character Paul Kinsey.", "Q1688204": "James Ridout \"Jesse\" Winchester Jr. (May 17, 1944 \u2013 April 11, 2014) was an American-Canadian musician and songwriter. He was born and raised in the southern United States. Opposed to the Vietnam War, he moved to Canada in 1967 to avoid military service and began his career as a solo artist. His highest-charting recordings were of his own songs, \"Yankee Lady\" in 1970 and \"Say What\" in 1981. He became a Canadian citizen in 1973, gained amnesty in the U.S. in 1977 and resettled in Memphis, Tennessee in 2002.Winchester was best known as a songwriter. His works were recorded by many notable artists, including Patti Page, Elvis Costello, Jimmy Buffett, Joan Baez, Jerry Garcia, Anne Murray, Reba McEntire, the Everly Brothers, Lyle Lovett, and Emmylou Harris. A number of these recordings achieved positions on various charts.", "Q65102": "Donat is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q23157": "Somerset ( (listen) or locally ; archaically, Somersetshire) is a county in South West England which borders Gloucestershire and Bristol to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east and Devon to the south-west. It is bounded to the north and west by the Severn Estuary and the Bristol Channel, its coastline facing southeastern Wales. Its traditional border with Gloucestershire is the River Avon. Somerset's county town is Taunton.\nSomerset is a rural county of rolling hills, the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels. There is evidence of human occupation from Paleolithic times, and of subsequent settlement by the Celts, Romans and Anglo-Saxons. The county played a significant part in Alfred the Great's rise to power, and later the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion. The city of Bath is famous for its Georgian architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "Q3163693": "Jean-Andr\u00e9 Mongez (21 November 1750 \u2013 May 1788) was a French priest and mineralogist. He died at Vanikoro, on the La P\u00e9rouse expedition.", "Q183469": "Clara Juanita Morris Kreps (January 11, 1921 \u2013 July 5, 2010) was an American government official and businesswoman. She served as the United States Secretary of Commerce from January 23, 1977 until October 31, 1979, under President Jimmy Carter and was the first woman and first economist to hold that position, and the fourth woman to hold any cabinet position in the United States Executive Branch.", "Q1566403": "Bo\u017eidar \"Boki\" Milo\u0161evi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0411\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0440 \"\u0411\u043e\u043a\u0438\" \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0438\u045b; 31 December 1931 \u2013 15 April 2018) was a Serbian clarinetist.\nMilo\u0161evi\u0107 was born in Prokuplje, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, now Serbia.He completed undergraduate and graduate studies of classical music at the Academy of Music in Belgrade, where he studied with Bruno Brun. He mostly played folk music. He was a member of the Association of Musical Artists of Serbia and was the second clarinetist of the Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra.", "Q44872": "Romano Guardini (17 February 1885 \u2013 1 October 1968) was a German Catholic priest, author, and academic. He was one of the most important figures in Catholic intellectual life in the 20th century.\n\n", "Q522050": "Karin Tekla Maria Lannby (13 April 1916, Link\u00f6ping \u2013 19 November 2007, Paris) was a Swedish actress, translator, journalist, poet and spy. She served as a spy for the leftists during the Spanish civil war, and for Sweden in Stockholm during World War II.", "Q880078": "Thomas Bahnson Stanley (July 16, 1890 \u2013 July 10, 1970) was an American politician, furniture manufacturer and Holstein cattle breeder. A Democrat and member of the Byrd Organization, Stanley served in a number of different political offices in Virginia, including as the 47th Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates and as the Commonwealth's 57th Governor. He became known for his support of the Massive Resistance strategy to prevent school desegregation mandated by the United States Supreme Court's decisions in Brown v. Board of Education, and Virginia's attempt to circumvent those decisions (ultimately overturned by both the Virginia Supreme Court and by federal courts) was known as the Stanley plan.", "Q431038": "Rory Hugh Culkin (born July 21, 1989) is an American actor who is known for his roles in Scream 4, Lords Of Chaos, You Can Count on Me, Columbus and M. Night Shyamalan's Signs. He is the younger brother of actors Macaulay Culkin and Kieran Culkin.", "Q157638": "The Frankfurt Parliament (German: Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, literally Frankfurt National Assembly) was the first freely elected parliament for all of Germany, elected on 1 May 1848 (see German federal election, 1848).The session was held from 18 May 1848 to 31 May 1849, in the Paulskirche at Frankfurt am Main. Its existence was both part of and the result of the \"March Revolution\" within the states of the German Confederation.\nAfter long and controversial debates, the assembly produced the so-called Frankfurt Constitution (Paulskirchenverfassung or St. Paul's Church Constitution, actually Verfassung des Deutschen Reiches) which proclaimed a German Empire based on the principles of parliamentary democracy. This constitution fulfilled the main demands of the liberal and nationalist movements of the Vorm\u00e4rz and provided a foundation of basic rights, both of which stood in opposition to Metternich's system of Restoration. The parliament also proposed a constitutional monarchy headed by a hereditary emperor (Kaiser).\nThe Prussian king Frederick William IV refused to accept the office of emperor when it was offered to him on the grounds that such a constitution and such an offer were an abridgment of the rights of the princes of the individual German states. In the 20th century, however, major elements of the Frankfurt constitution became models for the Weimar Constitution of 1919 and the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany of 1949.", "Q233474": "Elizabeth Melise Jow (born February 18, 1991), best known as Malese Jow and recently Melise, is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Geena Fabiano on the Nickelodeon sitcom Unfabulous, Lucy Stone on the Nickelodeon musical sitcom Big Time Rush and as Anna, a teenage vampire on The CW's fantasy drama The Vampire Diaries. She starred as Julia Yeung in the short-lived CW science fiction romantic drama Star-Crossed. Jow starred as Mareth Ravenlock in season two of The Shannara Chronicles. She has most recently been cast in Invincible for Amazon set for release in 2020.", "Q65664": "Richard Hermann Hildebrandt (13 May 1897, Worms \u2013 10 March 1952, Warsaw) was a German politician in Nazi Germany, member of the Reichstag, and a high-ranking Schutzstaffel (SS) commander.", "Q170287": "Subotica (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0421\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0430 [s\u01d4botitsa] (listen), Hungarian: Szabadka) is a city and the administrative center of the North Ba\u010dka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Formerly the largest city of Vojvodina region, contemporary Subotica is now the second largest city in the province, following the city of Novi Sad. According to the 2011 census, the city itself has a population of 97,910, while the urban area of Subotica (with adjacent urban settlement of Pali\u0107 included) has 105,681 inhabitants, and the population of metro area (the administrative area of the city) stands at 141,554 people.", "Q149406": "Rhapsody is a 1954 American musical drama film directed by Charles Vidor and starring Elizabeth Taylor, Vittorio Gassman, John Ericson, and Louis Calhern.", "Q25240": "Trinley Gyatso (also spelled Trinle Gyatso and Thinle Gyatso; 26 January 1857 \u2013 25 April 1875) was the 12th Dalai Lama of Tibet.\nHis short life coincided with a time of major political unrest and wars among Tibet's neighbours. Tibet particularly suffered from the weakening of the Qing Dynasty which had previously provided it with some support against the British Empire, which was aiming to influence Tibet as an expansion from its colonisation of India.\nHe was recognised as a reincarnation of the Dalai Lama in 1858 and enthroned in 1860. During his period of training as a child, Tibet banned Europeans from entering the country because of wars Britain was fighting against Sikkim and Bhutan, both of whom were controlled to a considerable degree by the lamas in Lhasa. These wars were seen as efforts to colonise Tibet\u2014something seen as unacceptable by the lamas. Also, with missionaries threatening to enter Tibet via the Mekong and Salween Rivers, Tibetans tried to emphasize the Qing Dynasty's authority over Tibet in the 1860s.Trinley Gyatso was fully enthroned as Dalai Lama on 11 March 1873 but could not stamp his full authority on Tibet because he died of a mysterious illness on 25 April 1875.\n\"During the period of the short-lived Dalai Lamas\u2014from the Ninth to the Twelfth incarnations\u2014the Panchen was the lama of the hour, filling the void left by the four Dalai Lamas who died in their youth.\"", "Q360038": "Valery Ilyich Rozhdestvensky (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 13 February 1939 \u2013 31 August 2011) was a Soviet cosmonaut.\nRozhdestvensky was born in Leningrad and graduated from the Higher Military Engineering School of Soviet Navy in Pushkin in engineering. From 1961 to 1965 he was commander of a deepsea diving unit in the Baltic Sea War Fleet.\nRozhdestvensky was selected as a cosmonaut on 23 October 1965 and flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz 23. After his space flight he continued to work with the space program at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center. He retired on 24 June 1986 and worked with Metropolis Industries. He was married with one child. He died on 31 August 2011 at the age of 72.He was awarded:\n\nHero of the Soviet Union\nPilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR\nOrder of Lenin\nOrder for Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR 3rd class\nMedal \"For Merit in Space Exploration\"", "Q182011": "Antonio Stradivari (, also US: , Italian: [an\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0njo stradi\u02c8va\u02d0ri]; 1644 \u2013 18 December 1737) was an Italian luthier and a crafter of string instruments such as violins, cellos, guitars, violas, and harps. The Latinized form of his surname, Stradivarius, as well as the colloquial Strad are terms often used to refer to his instruments. It is estimated that Stradivari produced 1,116 instruments, 960 of which were violins. Around 650 instruments survived, including 450 to 512 violins.", "Q273050": "Sylvia Maria Millecam (23 February 1956 \u2013 19 August 2001) was a Dutch actress and comedian. She was featured regularly on Dutch television where she hosted several shows. Millecam also appeared in several Dutch movies and released two albums. Her death of breast cancer in 2001 caused nationwide controversy as she had refused treatment that could possibly have saved her life. In doing so, she was advised by Dutch healing medium Jomanda.", "Q74769": "Aaron Halle-Wolfssohn (1754 or 1756, in probably Halle \u2013 20 March 1835, in F\u00fcrth) was a German Jew, a translator and commentator of the Tanakh and a leading writer of the Haskalah (the Jewish Enlightenment). He was born in Halle and died in F\u00fcrth. He was professor at the K\u00f6nigliche Wilhelmsschule at Breslau from 1792 to 1807. After 1807, private professor in Berlin of the Meyerbeer brothers, and Giacomo Meyerbeer in particular. Some letters between Giacomo Meyerbeer and Aron Wolfssohn were published among the Meyerbeer correspondence.\nBesides translating much of the Tanakh into German, he published a Hebrew-German primer (Abtalion), commentaries, essays and the play Leichtsinn und Fr\u00f6mmelei (written in 1796).", "Q135903": "Marisa Christine Coughlan (; born March 17, 1974) is an American actress and writer. Her first prominent role was a lead in Kevin Williamson's Teaching Mrs. Tingle (1999), followed by a role as Officer Ursula Hanson in the comedy Super Troopers (2001). She also had a recurring role as Melissa Hughes on the series Boston Legal.", "Q270559": "Lena Endre (born 8 July 1955) is a Swedish actress of film and television, primarily in the Swedish and Norwegian markets, known for her parts in the Liv Ullmann film Trol\u00f6sa (2000), and the Millennium series of films (e.g., The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo), based on the eponymous trio of Stieg Larsson books. Endre made her English-language debut in 2012, in Paul Thomas Anderson's movie The Master, starring Joaquin Phoenix and Philip Seymour Hoffman.", "Q83487": "Jasmila \u017dbani\u0107 (born 19 December 1974) is a Bosnian film director and screenwriter.", "Q497827": "Samuel Moore Walton (March 29, 1918 \u2013 April 5, 1992)\nwas an American businessman and entrepreneur best known for founding the retailers Walmart and Sam's Club. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. grew to be the world's largest corporation by revenue as well as the biggest private employer in the world. For a period of time, Walton was the richest man in America.", "Q189144": "Sir Walter Raleigh (; c.\u20091552 (or 1554) \u2013 29 October 1618), also spelled Ralegh, was an English landed gentleman, writer, poet, soldier, politician, courtier, spy and explorer. He was cousin to Sir Richard Grenville and younger half-brother of Sir Humphrey Gilbert. He is also well known for popularising tobacco in England. Raleigh was one of the most notable figures of the Elizabethan era.\nRaleigh was born to a Protestant family in Devon, the son of Walter Raleigh and Catherine Champernowne. Little is known of his early life, though in his late teens he spent some time in France taking part in the religious civil wars. In his 20s he took part in the suppression of rebellion in Ireland participating in the Siege of Smerwick. Later, he became a landlord of property confiscated from the native Irish. He rose rapidly in the favour of Queen Elizabeth I and was knighted in 1585. Raleigh was instrumental in the English colonisation of North America and was granted a royal patent to explore Virginia, paving the way for future English settlements. In 1591, he secretly married Elizabeth Throckmorton, one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting, without the Queen's permission, for which he and his wife were sent to the Tower of London. After his release, they retired to his estate at Sherborne, Dorset.\nIn 1594, Raleigh heard of a \"City of Gold\" in South America and sailed to find it, publishing an exaggerated account of his experiences in a book that contributed to the legend of \"El Dorado\". After Queen Elizabeth died in 1603, Raleigh was again imprisoned in the Tower, this time for being involved in the Main Plot against King James I, who was not favourably disposed towards him. In 1616, he was released to lead a second expedition in search of El Dorado. During the expedition, men led by his top commander ransacked a Spanish outpost, in violation of both the terms of his pardon and the 1604 peace treaty with Spain. Raleigh returned to England and, to appease the Spanish, he was arrested and executed in 1618.\n\n", "Q93694": "Katie Lohmann (born January 29, 1980) is a model, actress, and most notably a Playboy Playmate for the Month for April 2001.\nHer first appearance in Playboy was in the Playmate 2000 search pictorial, published in the December 1999 issue. In that pictorial, she was described as a 19-year-old massage therapist.\nIn November 2006, Lohmann was part of a trio of Playmates (along with Tina Marie Jordan and Karen McDougal) who appeared in the \"Celebrity Playmate Gift Guide\" pictorial of Splat magazine, a paintball enthusiasts magazine. The pictorial showcased new paintball products for the 2006 holiday season.Lohmann appeared as \"Hardbody\" of the month in Iron Man magazine several times, including a pictorial together with frequent collaborator Karen McDougal in the November 2009 issue.", "Q373722": "Another Dawn (also known as Caesar's Wife) is a 1937 American film melodrama directed by William Dieterle and starring Errol Flynn and Kay Francis. It is based on Somerset Maugham's play Caesar's Wife. The film received dismissive reviews.", "Q227401": "Zsuzsanna Sirokay (Hungarian: [\u02c8\u0292u\u0292\u0252nn\u0252 \u02c8\u0283irok\u0252i]; born 28 March 1941 in Ungv\u00e1r, Carpathian Ruthenia, Hungary) is a Hungarian pianist and lives in Switzerland. She passed her education with Professor P\u00e9ter Solymos at the Franz Liszt College of Music in Budapest with distinction. Besides studies with Gy\u00f6rgy Kurt\u00e1g she attended master courses with Alfred Brendel, Paul Badura-Skoda, J\u00f6rg Demus and G\u00e9za Anda.\nSirokay was a finalist at the Concours Clara Haskil in Lucerne 1967 and 1969, and won competitions held in Leeds and Vienna. She has undertaken concert tours and broadcast on radio throughout much of Europe\nThe second of Cornelius Cardew's Three Winter Potatoes for solo piano is dedicated to her.\n\n", "Q261454": "Cynthia Gibb (born December 14, 1963) is an American actress and former model who has starred in film and on television. She began her career starring in the musical drama series Fame (1983-87) and later has appeared in films Youngblood (1986), Salvador (1986), Malone (1987), Short Circuit 2 (1989) and Death Warrant (1990). She also received Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Gypsy Rose Lee in Gypsy (1993).", "Q1621096": "Timothy Edward \"Tim\" Mahoney (born August 16, 1956) is a former U.S. Representative for Florida's 16th congressional district and a member of the Democratic Party. He was elected in November 2006 after his opponent, six-term Republican incumbent Mark Foley, resigned on September 29, 2006, after questions were raised about an email exchange with a congressional page.\nIn October 2008, media outlets began reporting allegations that Mahoney paid hush money to a mistress to conceal an extramarital affair.Tim Mahoney ran for reelection in 2008 but lost the November 4 election to Republican Tom Rooney.", "Q154331": "Gy\u00f6rgy S\u00e1ndor Ligeti (; Hungarian: Ligeti Gy\u00f6rgy S\u00e1ndor, pronounced [\u02c8li\u0261\u025bti \u02c8\u025f\u00f8r\u025f \u02c8\u0283a\u02d0ndor]; 28 May 1923 \u2013 12 June 2006) was a Hungarian-Austrian composer of contemporary classical music. He has been described as \"one of the most important avant-garde composers in the latter half of the twentieth century\" and \"one of the most innovative and influential among progressive figures of his time\".Born in Transylvania, Romania, he lived in the Hungarian People's Republic before emigrating to Austria in 1956. He became an Austrian citizen in 1968. In 1973 he became professor of composition at the Hamburg Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater, where he worked until retiring in 1989. He died in Vienna in 2006.\nRestricted in his musical style by the authorities of Communist Hungary, only when he reached the west in 1956 could Ligeti fully realise his passion for avant-garde music and develop new compositional techniques. After experimenting with electronic music in Cologne, his breakthrough came with orchestral works such as Atmosph\u00e8res, for which he used a technique he later dubbed micropolyphony. After writing his \"anti-anti-opera\" Le Grand Macabre, Ligeti shifted away from chromaticism and towards polyrhythm for his later works.\nHe is best known by the public through the use of his music in film soundtracks. Although he did not directly compose any film scores, excerpts of pieces composed by him were taken and adapted for film use. The sound design of Stanley Kubrick's films, particularly the music of 2001: A Space Odyssey, drew from Ligeti's work and also contained pieces by other classical composers.", "Q237612": "Maiara Kylior Walsh (born February 18, 1988) is a Brazilian-American actress and singer. She played Ana Solis on the sixth season of the ABC show Desperate Housewives, Meena Paroom on the Disney Channel sitcom Cory in the House and Simone Sinclair on the ABC Family series Switched at Birth.", "Q718374": "The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (Serbo-Croatian: Dr\u017eava Slovenaca, Hrvata i Srba / \u0414\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0430, \u0425\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0430; Slovene: Dr\u017eava Slovencev, Hrvatov in Srbov) was a political entity that was constituted in October 1918, at the end of World War I, by Slovenes, Croats and Serbs resident in what were the southernmost parts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Although internationally unrecognized, this was the first incarnation of a Yugoslav state founded on the Pan-Slavic ideology. Thirty-three days after it was proclaimed, the State joined the Kingdom of Serbia to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.", "Q463018": "Michel Bouvard (born in 1958 in Lyon) is a French classical organist.", "Q58297": "Abu Bakr Abdullah al-Qirbi (Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628\u064a\u200e) is a Yemeni diplomat who was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Yemen from 2001 to 2014.\n\nOn 13 December 2009, al-Qirbi urged Iran's government to crack down on Iranian groups who he accused of aiding Houthi rebels in northern Yemen, holding the Iranian government partly to blame. According to al-Qirbi, \"religious (Shiite) circles and groups in Iran are providing aid to the Houthis\"; however, Iran repeatedly denied such accusations.Following the anti-government protests in Yemen, President Ali Abdullah Saleh dismissed all members of the Cabinet of Yemen on March 20, 2011. They were to remain as serving members until a new government was formed.On 4 October 2016, during the Civil War, he was appointed as foreign minister in the Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour's cabinet.", "Q77274": "Georg Wilhelm von Siemens (30 July 1855, Berlin \u2013 14 October 1919, Arosa, Switzerland) was a German telecommunications industrialist of the Siemens family.\nKnown as Wilhelm von Siemens, he was the second son of Werner von Siemens by first wife Mathilde Drumann, and was a general partner of the family company Siemens. Then under the name Siemens & Halske (S & H), the company was incorporated in 1897, with Wilhelm's uncle Carl Heinrich von Siemens as its first chairman of the Supervisory Board. Wilhelm's elder brother Arnold von Siemens succeeded his uncle as Chairman of the Board from 1904 until his death in 1918, while Wilhelm served as chairman of the board of the sister company, Siemens-Schuckertwerke AG, from 1903 until 1918. After his brother Arnold's death in 1918, he succeeded him as chairman of Siemens & Halske AG until his own death the following year. His successor in both chairmanships became his younger (half-)brother, Carl Friedrich von Siemens.\nMarried in 1882 to Eleonore Siemens (2 March 1860 \u2013 26 July 1919), a first cousin, they were parents of:\n\nWilhelm Ferdinand von Siemens (1885-1937), who after World War I shortly served as CEO of Siemens & Halske AG\nMathilde Eleonore Eveline von Siemens (1888-1945)He is credited with championing the Berlin to Iraq railway system that was to be completed about 1915. The direct competition such a railway system posed to British imperial domination could have been one of the causes of WW I. Beginning in 1899, he founded Siemensstadt, a locality of Berlin, in order to expand production by building new factories and worker's accommodation.", "Q1053129": "Marcellus McCarver, better known by his stage name Celly Cel, is an American rapper from Vallejo, California. He released his first single, \"Lifestyle of a Mack\", on his independent record label Realside Records in 1992. He released his debut studio album, Heat 4 Yo Azz, in 1994, and released a second album, Killa Kali, a year later.\nIn 1996, he appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation CD, America is Dying Slowly, alongside Biz Markie, Wu-Tang Clan, and Fat Joe, among many other prominent hip hop artists. The CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was heralded as \"a masterpiece\" by The Source magazine.\nHis next appearance wasn't until 1998, with his third album: The G Filez. Deep Conversation followed in mid-2000.\nCelly has collaborated with fellow Bay Area rappers E-40 & B-Legit on several occasions.", "Q267031": "Raquel S\u00e1nchez Silva (born 13 January 1973 in Plasencia, C\u00e1ceres, Spain) is a Spanish television conductor and journalist.After studying journalism, she started working for a local television in Plasencia. After that, she was a news anchor on Telemadrid and she started working for Canal+ (Noche de los Oscars, La hora wiki) and Cuatro (Soy lo que como, Noche Cuatro, Id\u00e9nticos, Noche Manga, O\u00eddo cocina, a special episode of Supernanny, and special shows about series such as House and Grey\u2019s Anatomy). When Cuatro was merged into the Mediaset Espa\u00f1a group, she started working in reality shows on Telecinco. In 2015, she was hired by subscription platform Movistar+ to host, beginning in 2016, a daily talk show titled Likes on the platform's new flagship channel #0. In 2017, she was announced as the presenter of Maestros de la Costura, the Spanish version of The Great British Sewing Bee, on TVE. On 29 October 2018, she began hosting the daily talk show Lo siguiente, also on TVE; the show was cancelled in February 2019.", "Q363525": "Stuart Townsend (born 15 December 1972) is an Irish actor. His most notable portrayals are of the characters Lestat de Lioncourt in the 2002 film adaptation of Anne Rice's Queen of the Damned, and Dorian Gray in the 2003 film adaptation of Alan Moore's The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen.", "Q86": "Headache is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck. It can occur as a migraine, tension-type headache, or cluster headache. Frequent headaches can affect relationships and employment. There is also an increased risk of depression in those with severe headaches.Headaches can occur as a result of many conditions. There are a number of different classification systems for headaches. The most well-recognized is that of the International Headache Society. Causes of headaches may include dehydration, fatigue, sleep deprivation, stress, the effects of medications, the effects of recreational drugs, viral infections, loud noises, common colds, head injury, rapid ingestion of a very cold food or beverage, and dental or sinus issues (such as sinusitis).Treatment of a headache depends on the underlying cause, but commonly involves pain medication. A headache is one of the most commonly experienced of all physical discomforts.\nAbout half of adults have a headache in a given year. Tension headaches are the most common, affecting about 1.6 billion people (21.8% of the population) followed by migraine headaches which affect about 848 million (11.7%).", "Q83493": "Susan Magdalane Boyle (born 1 April 1961) is a Scottish singer, who rose to fame after appearing as a contestant on the third series of Britain's Got Talent, singing \"I Dreamed a Dream\" from Les Mis\u00e9rables.\nHer debut studio album, I Dreamed a Dream, was released in November 2009 and became the UK's best-selling debut album of all time, beating the previous record held by Spirit by Leona Lewis. I Dreamed a Dream set a record for biggest first week sales by a debut album, according to the Official Chart Company in the United Kingdom. Topping the Billboard 200 for six weeks, it was the second best-selling album of 2009 in the US. In her first year of fame, Boyle made \u00a35 million (\u00a36.8 million today) with the release of I Dreamed a Dream and its lead-off singles, \"I Dreamed a Dream\" and \"Wild Horses\". The success was continued with her second album, The Gift (2010), where she became only the third act ever to top both the UK and US album charts twice in the same year, and was followed by Boyle's third album, Someone to Watch Over Me (debuted at #1 on UK charts, #4 on US charts), released on 31 October 2011. Boyle subsequently released her fourth album Standing Ovation: The Greatest Songs from the Stage (reached #7 in UK, #12 in US) in 2012, her fifth album Home for Christmas (fifth consecutive top ten on UK charts) in 2013, and her sixth album Hope (sixth consecutive top twenty on UK and US charts) in 2014.On 12 May 2012, Boyle returned to Britain's Got Talent to perform as a guest in the final, singing \"You'll See\". The following day, she performed at Windsor Castle for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Pageant singing \"Mull of Kintyre\". Having performed \"I Know Him So Well\" in a duet with one of her idols Elaine Paige in London in December 2009, Boyle performed with her other musical idol Donny Osmond in Las Vegas in November 2012, singing \"This is the Moment\", a duet from her album Standing Ovation: The Greatest Songs From the Stage. Boyle's net worth was estimated at \u00a322 million in April 2012. She is known for supporting various charitable causes, and has appeared on the UK charity telethons BBC Children in Need and Comic Relief. As of 2013, she had sold over 19 million albums worldwide and received two Grammy Awards nominations. On 23 July, Boyle performed \"Mull of Kintyre\" at the Opening Ceremony of the 2014 Commonwealth Games in front of the Queen.", "Q48084": "Andrey (Andrei) Ivanovich Yeryomenko (or Yeremenko, Eremenko; Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u0440\u0451\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; Ukrainian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0404\u0440\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; October 14 [O.S. October 2] 1892 \u2013 November 19, 1970) was a Ukrainian-Soviet general during World War II and, subsequently, a Marshal of the Soviet Union. During the war, Yeryomenko commanded the Southeastern Front (later renamed the Stalingrad Front) during the Battle of Stalingrad in summer 1942 and planned the successful defense of the city. He later commanded the armies responsible for the liberation of Western Hungary and Czechslovakia in 1945.", "Q561169": "Jos\u00e9 Oswald de Souza Andrade (January 11, 1890 \u2013 October 22, 1954) was a Brazilian poet and polemicist. He was born and spent most of his life in S\u00e3o Paulo.\nAndrade was one of the founders of Brazilian modernism and a member of the Group of Five, along with M\u00e1rio de Andrade, Anita Malfatti, Tarsila do Amaral and Menotti del Picchia. He participated in the Week of Modern Art (Semana de Arte Moderna).\nAndrade is very important too for his manifesto of critical Brazilian nationalism, Manifesto Antrop\u00f3fago (Cannibal Manifesto), published in 1928. Its argument is that Brazil's history of \"cannibalizing\" other cultures is its greatest strength, while playing on the modernists' primitivist interest in cannibalism as an alleged tribal rite. Cannibalism becomes a way for Brazil to assert itself against European postcolonial cultural domination. The manifesto's iconic line is \"Tupi or not Tupi: that is the question.\" The line is simultaneously a celebration of the Tupi, who had been at times accused of cannibalism (most notoriously by Hans Staden), and an instance of cannibalism: It eats Shakespeare. On the other hand, some critics argue that Antropofagia, as a movement, was too heterogeneous to extract overarching arguments from it and that often it had little to do with a post-colonial cultural politics (Jauregui 2018, 2012)", "Q82955": "A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking office in government. Politicians propose, support and create laws or policies that govern the land and, by extension, its people. Broadly speaking, a \"politician\" can be anyone who seeks to achieve political power in any bureaucratic institution.", "Q66379": "Ludwig Bechstein (24 November 1801 \u2013 14 May 1860) was a German writer and collector of folk fairy tales.\nHe was born in Weimar, the illegitimate child of Johanna Carolina Dorothea Bechstein and Hubert Dupontreau, a French emigrant who disappeared before the birth of the child; Ludwig thus grew up very poor in his first nine years. His situation improved only when his uncle Johann Matth\u00e4us Bechstein, a renowned naturalist and forester living in Meiningen in the country of Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen, adopted him in 1810. He was sent to school in Meiningen, and in 1818, started an apprenticeship as a pharmacist.\nFrom 1828 to 1831 he studied philosophy and literature in Leipzig and Munich thanks to a stipend granted by Duke Bernhard II of Sachsen-Meiningen, who hired him subsequently as a librarian. This lifetime post provided Bechstein with a continuous income, while leaving him a lot of freedom to pursue his own interests and writing. He lived from 1831 until his death in Meiningen. In his honor, a fountain was built in the English Garden.\nBechstein published many works and was a successful author of his time. His German Fairy Tale Book was even more popular than the Brothers Grimm's collection when it was first published in 1845. He published several collections of folk tales, and also published romances and poems", "Q102163": "Ted Nasmith (born 1956) is a Canadian artist, illustrator and architectural renderer. He is best known as an illustrator of J. R. R. Tolkien's works \u2014 The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion.\nNasmith was born in Goderich, Ontario, Canada. As the son of a Royal Canadian Air Force officer, Nasmith's childhood was characterized by a series of moves, chiefly when his father was stationed in eastern France when Ted was 2 years old, until the family returned to Ontario 3 years later. By the time Nasmith became a teenager, they had settled in Don Mills, a suburb of Toronto (he now resides in nearby Newmarket.)\nNasmith's public school guidance counselor encouraged him to enter a high school which featured a 4-year commercial art program. During his third year of high school, however, Nasmith's sister introduced him to The Lord of the Rings, and it quickly became a huge inspiration and focus in his life. Nasmith writes:\n\n\"It opened up in me a dormant love of lost and misty times, myth and legend. Not since childhood had I felt such a sense of 'home', unaware of the effects the intervening years had had in displacing it. I began immediately to draw scenes inspired by this magical, nostalgic realm, becoming absorbed for many hours at a time.\" (Nasmith 2002)\nIn 1972, Nasmith mailed photographs of some of his paintings to J. R. R. Tolkien. Tolkien responded by letter a few weeks later, both praising the work and making the comment that the rendition of Bilbo Baggins seemed a little too childlike. Still a teenager at the time, this early feedback from Tolkien encouraged Nasmith to strive for a more literal interpretation of Tolkien's works.\nAfter graduation, Nasmith aspired to follow in the footsteps of automotive illustrator Art Fitzpatrick. However, since photography was replacing illustration in the business of car advertising, he instead found employment as an architectural renderer, showing a particular flair for the intense realism such illustrations often demand.\nNasmith's Tolkien artwork, which echoes the luminist landscapes and Victorian neoclassical styles, eventually caught the attention of Tolkien's publishers, who included four of his paintings in the 1987 Tolkien Calendar. His artwork continued to appear in these beloved calendars over the years, including several where he is the sole featured artist (1987, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2009, 2010).\nIn October 1996, Nasmith was asked by Tolkien's publishers to provide the artwork for the first illustrated edition of The Silmarillion, during which time Ted developed a strong working relationship with Christopher Tolkien. The illustrated edition was published in 1998; in 2004, a second edition (ISBN 0-618-39111-8) was published featuring many more paintings by Nasmith.\nIn early 1999, representatives for Peter Jackson and New Line Cinema invited Ted Nasmith to join John Howe and Alan Lee to work on conceptual art for The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. According to Nasmith,\n\n\"They invited me to be there with the others in New Zealand to help with conceptual art, and made me a nice offer. However, I was going through a personal crisis unrelated to my art, and in the end, being that it would also force me to abandon my freelance obligations and be away indefinitely, I reluctantly declined, settling the question in my mind after very careful deliberation.\" (Nasmith 2004)\nNasmith is also considered a Tolkien scholar, well-read in ancient history, religion, and other areas. He has been a prominent member of two Tolkien-related organizations; the Tolkien Society, and the Mythopoeic Society, and has long subscribed to Mensa's Tolkien journal, Beyond Bree).\nNasmith is a songwriter, guitarist and tenor. Much of his musical work is likewise inspired by Tolkien's writings. His first commercial album, The Hidden Door: Songs in the Key of Enchantment, was released in 2007. He has also worked on a musical project entitled Beren and L\u00fathien: A Song Cycle, with his friend Alex Lewis, and has a close friendship with one of the founders of The Tolkien Ensemble.\nIn latter years, he has illustrated a deluxe 2-volume limited edition of George R.R. Martin's A Game of Thrones novel. It took about three years to complete the set of over 80 illustrations, most in pencil, with six in colour. He also is among the illustrators of the book The World of Ice and Fire, an encyclopedia of the fantasy realms featured in George R.R. Martin's epic novels. Ted worked closely with the Ice and Fire author to design castles according to the author's specifications. They were featured in the 2011 Song of Ice and Fire Calendar, too.\nNasmith was commissioned by the video game developer Turbine and later Standing Stone Games to create the 'key art' of the major updates for the online game based on Tolkien's work, The Lord of the Rings Online in 2015 and 2017. His artwork is being used as promotional materials, on the website and within the game as loading screens, notably for the Mordor expansion in 2017.", "Q230169": "Lauren Katherine Tell (n\u00e9e Conrad; born February 1, 1986) is an American television personality, fashion designer, and author. In September 2004, an 18-year-old Conrad came to prominence after being cast in the reality television series Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County, which documented her and her friends' lives in their hometown of Laguna Beach, California.\nConrad later moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in the fashion industry, and received her own spin-off series The Hills in May 2006. It followed the personal and professional lives of her and friends Heidi Montag, Audrina Patridge, and Whitney Port. As the series progressed, a widely publicized feud between Conrad, Montag, and Montag's boyfriend Spencer Pratt became the central focus of the series, and was carried through each subsequent season in which Conrad was featured. During its production, she also attended the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising and worked for Teen Vogue and Kelly Cutrone's PR firm People's Revolution. Conrad left The Hills after five seasons, and was replaced by former Laguna Beach co-star Kristin Cavallari in May 2009. She filmed an alternate ending for the series finale in July 2010, which was broadcast in August 2013.\nConrad is the founder of the fashion lines LC Lauren Conrad and Paper Crown, and the co-founder of the fair trade online store The Little Market. She has published nine books, including L.A. Candy and The Fame Game trilogies.", "Q2300099": "Gastrointestinal diseases (abbrev. GI diseases or GI illnesses) refer to diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, namely the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum, and the accessory organs of digestion, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.", "Q50813": "Moritz Karl Ernst von Prittwitz (9 February 1795 at Gut Kreisewitz in Alzenau, Lower Silesia \u2013 21 October 1885 in Berlin) Royal Prussian Lieutenant-General of Infantry, supervised the building of the large fortress in Ulm, admitted to the Order of St. John as a Knight of Honor.", "Q154325": "Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz (; German: [l\u025bnts]; also Emil Khristianovich Lenz, Russian: \u042d\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0446; 12 February 1804 \u2013 10 February 1865), usually cited as Emil Lenz, was a Russian physicist. He is most noted for formulating Lenz's law in electrodynamics in 1834.", "Q681025": "The State University of New York at Buffalo (University at Buffalo, UB, or SUNY Buffalo) is a public research university with campuses in Buffalo and Amherst, New York. It is the flagship campus of the State University of New York (SUNY) system, with the largest enrollment, largest endowment, and research funding as a comprehensive university center. The university was founded in 1846 as a private medical college, but in 1962 merged with the SUNY system.\nAs of fall 2018, the university enrolls 31,503 students in 13 colleges, making it the largest public university in New York. In addition to the College of Arts and Sciences, the university houses the largest state-operated medical school, dental school, education school, business school, engineering school, pharmacy school, and also features the only state law school, architecture and urban planning school in the State University of New York System. The university offers over 100 bachelor's, 205 master's, 84 doctoral, and 10 professional areas of study.\nThe University at Buffalo is classified as a \"Doctoral University with the Highest Research Activity (R1)\". In 1989, UB was elected to the Association of American Universities. UB's alumni and faculty have included a prime minister, astronauts, Nobel laureates, Pulitzer Prize winners, three billionaires, Academy Award winners, Emmy Award winners, Fulbright Scholars, and Rhodes Scholars. U.S. President Millard Fillmore was one of the school's principal founders and served as the school's first chancellor.", "Q271653": "Mar\u00eda Teresa Campos Luque MML (born 18 June 1941) is a Spanish journalist and television presenter.\nShe was born in Tetuan, then Spanish protectorate in Morocco, the third of the six children of an upper-middle-class family. She moved to M\u00e1laga in 1942 and later to Madrid.\nShe studied philosophy at the University of M\u00e1laga and has taken part in several radio and television programs. She is a widow and has two daughters and three grandchildren.", "Q460505": "Marie-Sophie Nielsen (23 December 1875 \u2013 6 April 1951) was a Danish communist leader who was a founding member of the Danish Socialist Workers Party and the Communist Party of Denmark.", "Q44866": "Robert William Howard Jr. (born January 29, 1963) is an American professional wrestler, actor and former auto racer, better known by the ring name Hardcore Holly or Bob Holly. He is best known for his 16-year career with the World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment (WWF/E) where he also worked under the ring names Thurman \"Sparky\" Plugg, Bob \"Spark Plug\" Holly and Bombastic Bob, albeit in more minor roles than when he used the Hardcore Holly name.After debuting in 1990, Holly worked for Smoky Mountain Wrestling and other independent promotions, before joining WWE full-time in 1994. Initially portraying the character of a NASCAR driver, Thurman \"Sparky\" Plugg, his name was soon changed to Bob \"Spark Plug\" Holly. In 1998, he formed a team with Bart Gunn, known as The New Midnight Express. After becoming known simply as \"Hardcore Holly\" in 1999, he was joined by on-screen cousins, Crash and Molly. In 2002, he suffered a broken neck, which sidelined him for over a year. Upon his return, he engaged in a major feud with Brock Lesnar for the WWE Championship and minor feuds with wrestlers such as Mr. Kennedy and Rob Van Dam, before forming a tag team with Cody Rhodes in 2007. Holly departed WWE in 2009, wrestling intermittently on the independent circuit. He published his autobiography, The Hardcore Truth: The Bob Holly Story, in 2013 to positive reviews.\nChampionships held by Holly over the course of his career include the WWF/E World Tag Team Championship, NWA World Tag Team Championship, and WWF Hardcore Championship.", "Q91097": "Heinrich Lang (born in W\u00fcrttemberg, 14 November 1826) was a German Protestant pastor who was well known for preaching that all were equal before God without class distinction.", "Q243187": "Photios I (Greek: \u03a6\u03ce\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, Ph\u014dtios; c. 810/820 \u2013 6 February 893), also spelled Photius () or Fotios, was the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople from 858 to 867 and from 877 to 886. He is recognized in the Eastern Orthodox Church as Saint Photios the Great.\nPhotios is widely regarded as the most powerful and influential church leader of Constantinople subsequent to John Chrysostom's archbishopric around the turn of the fifth century. He is also viewed as the most important intellectual of his time \u2013 \"the leading light of the ninth-century renaissance\". He was a central figure in both the conversion of the Slavs to Christianity and the Photian schism, and is considered \"[t]he great systematic compiler of the Eastern Church, who occupies a similar position to that of Gratian in the West,\" and whose \"collection in two parts...formed and still forms the classic source of ancient Church Law for the Greek Church.\"Photios was a well-educated man from a noble Constantinopolitan family. Photius's great uncle was a previous patriarch of Constantinople, Saint Tarasius. He intended to be a monk, but chose to be a scholar and statesman instead. In 858, Emperor Michael III (r. 842\u2013867) decided to confine Patriarch Ignatius in order to force him into resignation, and Photios, still a layman, was appointed to replace him. Amid power struggles between the pope and the Byzantine emperor, Ignatius was reinstated. Photios resumed the position when Ignatius died (877), by order of the Byzantine emperor. The new pope, John VIII, approved Photios's reinstatement. Catholics regard as legitimate a Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic) anathematizing Photios, while Eastern Orthodox regard as legitimate a subsequent Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox), reversing the former. The contested councils mark the end of unity represented by the first seven Ecumenical Councils.\nStudies show that Photios was venerated as a saint as early as the 9th century, and by the Roman Church as late as the 12th century. Nonetheless, Photios was formally canonized by the Orthodox Church in 1847.\n\n", "Q982109": "Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan (born 7 August 1925) is an Indian geneticist and administrator, known for his role in India's Green Revolution, a program under which high-yield varieties of wheat and rice were planted. Swaminathan has been called the \"Father of Green Revolution in India\" for his role in introducing and further developing high-yielding varieties of wheat in India. He is the founder of the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation. His stated vision is to rid the world of hunger and poverty. Swaminathan is an advocate of moving India to sustainable development, especially using environmentally sustainable agriculture, sustainable food security and the preservation of biodiversity, which he calls an \"evergreen revolution.\"From 1972 to 1979 he was director general of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. He was Principal Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture from 1979 to 1980. He served as Director General of the International Rice Research Institute (1982\u201388) and became president of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1988.\nIn 1999, he was one of 3 Indians on Time's list of the 20 most influential Asian people of the 20th century.", "Q167937": "Vincent \"\u010aensu\" Tabone, (Maltese pronunciation: [t\u0283\u025bnsu\u02d0]; 30 March 1913 \u2013 14 March 2012) was the fourth President of Malta and a former Minister and Nationalist MP.", "Q357680": "Kamel Messaoudi (Arabic: \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u200e), (30 January 1961; Bouzar\u00e9ah, Algeria \u2013 10 December 1998; Algiers) was an Algerian Chaabi music performer, highly regarded as one of the greatest musicians in Algeria history.", "Q63201": "Ernst Friedrich Wollweber (29 October 1898 \u2013 3 May 1967) was State Secretary of State Security from 1953 to 1955 and Minister of State Security of the German Democratic Republic from 1955 to 1957.", "Q110567": "Kathinka Zitz (n\u00e9e Halein; November 4, 1801 \u2013 March 8, 1877) was a German poet, short story writer, journalist, translator and novelist who has been called \"the poet laureate of the German Revolution\".", "Q459384": "John Hawkes (born John Marvin Perkins; September 11, 1959) is an American actor. He is the recipient of several accolades, including two Independent Spirit Awards, and has been nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award.\nHawkes is best known for his roles in the films Winter's Bone (2010) and The Sessions (2012), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Drama, respectively. Some of his other film credits include From Dusk till Dawn (1996), The Perfect Storm (2000), Me and You and Everyone We Know (2005), American Gangster (2007), Martha Marcy May Marlene (2011), Lincoln (2012) and Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017). He has also appeared in many television series, notably Deadwood (2004\u20132006) and Eastbound & Down (2009\u20132013).", "Q156532": "Peter Graves (born Peter Duesler Aurness; March 18, 1926 \u2013 March 14, 2010) was an American film and television actor. He was best known for his role as Jim Phelps in the CBS television series Mission: Impossible from 1967 to 1973 (original) and from 1988 to 1990 (revival). His elder brother was actor James Arness. Graves was also known for his portrayal of airline pilot Captain Clarence Oveur in the 1980 comedy film Airplane! and its 1982 sequel Airplane II: The Sequel.", "Q273044": "Lauren Keyana \"Keke\" Palmer (born August 26, 1993) is an American actress, singer, songwriter and television personality. Palmer was born in Harvey, Illinois, and raised in Robbins, Illinois. She released her debut album, So Uncool, on September 18, 2007, through Atlantic Records. The album failed to chart on the US Billboard 200 but did chart at number 85 on the R&B chart. The album was preceded by the second single \"Keep It Movin'\".\nPalmer made her acting debut in the 2004 film Barbershop 2: Back in Business and rose to prominence in 2006 for her breakthrough role in Akeelah and the Bee as well as starring in Madea's Family Reunion. Palmer has also starred in films such as The Longshots (2008), Shrink (2009) and Animal (2014). In 2012, Palmer starred in four films: Joyful Noise, Winx Club: The Secret of the Lost Kingdom, Ice Age: Continental Drift, and Virgin Mary. Besides films, Palmer has also starred in the television films Knights of the South Bronx (2005), Jump In! (2007), and Rags (2012), among others. Palmer has also had numerous television roles including the lead role in Nickelodeon sitcom True Jackson, VP. Palmer earned $20,000 per episode of True Jackson, VP, which made her the fourth-highest-paid child star on television. Keke was also a series regular in the 2015 Fox horror comedy Scream Queens and the 2019 VH1 slasher Scream. In 2019, Palmer became co-host of daytime talk show Strahan, Sara and Keke on ABC alongside Sara Haines and Michael Strahan. She endorsed Olay in a commercial on February 2, 2020.\n\n", "Q235777": "Ewout Genemans (born 7 February 1985 in The Hague) is a Dutch television producer, presenter, singer and actor.\nGenemans presents on Nederland 3 (Z@PP) and his television production company 'No Pictures Please' produces several television programmes.\n\n", "Q97380": "Alissa Jung (born 30 June 1981 in M\u00fcnster) is a German actress and physician.", "Q3018547": "David C. O\u2019Neal (born January 24, 1937) was the 41st Lieutenant Governor of Illinois, serving from 1977 to 1981. For six years he served as Saint Clair County Sheriff, the first Republican to hold that office in twenty years.", "Q182763": "Forest Steven Whitaker III (born July 15, 1961) is an American actor, producer, and director.\nWhitaker has earned a reputation for intensive character study work for films such as Bird, The Crying Game, Platoon, Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai, The Great Debaters, The Butler, and Arrival. He has also appeared in blockbusters such as Rogue One: A Star Wars Story as Saw Gerrera and Black Panther as Zuri.\nFor his performance as Ugandan dictator Idi Amin in the 2006 film The Last King of Scotland, Whitaker won the Academy Award, BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award, National Board of Review Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, and various critics groups' awards for a lead acting performance.\n\n", "Q504083": "Iosif Pavlovich Utkin (Russian: \u0418\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u0444 \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u0301\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043d) (27 May [O.S. 14 May] 1903 \u2013 13 November 1944) was a Russian poet of the World War II generation.\nUtkin was born on 13 May at the Khingan station (in modern Yakeshi) of the Chinese Eastern Railway, which his parents were helping to construct. After his birth the family returned to their native city Irkutsk, where the future poet lived until 1920. He was expelled from middle school for poor behavior and free-thinking. He worked as a marker at a tannery, sold newspapers, and delivered telegrams for a living. In 1919 during the anti-Kolchak uprising in Irkutsk he became a member of the Workers Guard (Communist guerrillas) until the re-establishment of Soviet power. In 1920 he enlisted as a volunteer with the first group of Irkutsk Komsomol members for the Soviet Far East Front. In the army he was a field informant and military commissar of repair shops.\nIn 1922 he worked as a reporter for the newspaper Power to Labor, then for the Provincial Committee of Komsomol as a secretary of the Komsomol newspaper and a political instructor for pre-induction trainees. In 1924 he was sent to study at the Institute for Journalism in Moscow. Since 1922 he had published his poems in the Siberian press, and on his arrival in Moscow he was published there. In 1925 his first book \"Story about the redhead Motele...\" (Russian: \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0440\u044b\u0436\u0435\u043c \u041c\u043e\u0442\u044d\u043b\u0435...) was published, and in 1926 his first book of poems. From 1925 he worked in Komsomolskaya Pravda. After graduating from the Institute in 1927, he was sent along with the poets Zharov and Bezymensky abroad, where he stayed two months. In 1928 he published the poem \"Dear Childhood.\"\nAt the beginning of the German-Soviet War, he went to the front. Near Bryansk, he was injured, and he was treated in Tashkent. There he wrote the book I saw it myself, verses from which he read to the editorial staff of Komsomolskaya Pravda. In spite of the opinions of his physicians he returned to the front, although he had lost four fingers on his right hand. He participated in combat and wrote march songs. Many of his verses became songs and were popular at the front. Returning from the front on 13 November 1944, Utkin perished in an airplane crash.", "Q616359": "Aoyama Gakuin University (Japanese: \u9752\u5c71\u5b66\u9662\u5927\u5b66, Hepburn: Aoyama Gakuin Daigaku, AGU) is a private university in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan. Originally established in 1874 by missionaries from the Methodist Episcopal Church, it was reconfigured in its current form in 1949 as part of Aoyama Gakuin. Aoyama Gakuin University celebrated its 140-year anniversary in 2014 and is one of Japan's oldest higher education facilities.\nAGU has established a national reputation for the quality of its education and its international ambiance and is widely recognized as one of the leading private universities in Japan.\nAoyama Gakuin University aims to educate students with a strong sense of social responsibility and morality in order to contribute to society and today's world in accordance with its educational policy based on the Christian faith.\nThe university's undergraduate and graduate programs include courses on literature, law, economics, business, international politics, economics, communication, science, engineering and cultural studies. The university also has specialized graduate programs that are designed to train high level specialized professionals in areas including international management, law and professional accounting.\nAoyama Gakuin University has been champion of the prestigious Hakone Ekiden five times in the last six years (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020).\n\n", "Q263531": "Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse (8 September 1864 \u2013 21 June 1929) was a British liberal political theorist and sociologist, who has been considered one of the leading and earliest proponents of social liberalism. His works, culminating in his famous book Liberalism (1911), occupy a seminal position within the canon of New Liberalism. He worked both as an academic and a journalist, and played a key role in the establishment of sociology as an academic discipline; in 1907 he shared, with Edward Westermarck, the distinction of being the first professor of sociology to be appointed in the United Kingdom, at the University of London. He was also the founder and first editor of The Sociological Review. His sister was Emily Hobhouse, the British welfare activist.", "Q194101": "Dwarfism, also known as short stature, occurs when an organism is extremely small. In humans, it is sometimes defined as an adult height of less than 147 centimetres (4 ft 10 in), regardless of sex, although some individuals with dwarfism are slightly taller. Disproportionate dwarfism is characterized by either short limbs or a short torso. In cases of proportionate dwarfism, both the limbs and torso are unusually small. Intelligence is usually normal, and most have a nearly normal life expectancy.The most common and recognisable form of dwarfism in humans is the genetic disorder achondroplasia, comprising 70% of cases. Growth hormone deficiency is responsible for most other cases. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Those with genetic disorders can sometimes be treated with surgery or physical therapy. Hormone disorders can also be treated with growth hormone therapy before the child's growth plates fuse. Individual accommodations, such as specialized furniture, are often used by people with dwarfism. Many support groups provide services to aid individuals and the discrimination they may face.In addition to the medical aspect of the condition, there are also social aspects. For a person with dwarfism, height discrimination can lead to ridicule in childhood and discrimination in adulthood. In the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia and other English-speaking countries, some people with dwarfism prefer to be called dwarfs, little people or persons of short stature. Historically, the term \"midget\" was used to describe proportionate dwarfs; however, this term is now regarded as offensive by some.", "Q720199": "Jaime Bayly Letts [\u02c8xaime \u02c8beili lets, \u02c8haime \u02c8beili lets] (born February 19, 1965) is a Peruvian writer, journalist and television personality.He has won an Emmy Award and two of his books have been adapted into international movies.", "Q112416": "Edmund Glaise-Horstenau (also known as Edmund Glaise von Horstenau; 27 February 1882 \u2013 20 July 1946) was an Austrian officer in the Austro-Hungarian Army, last Vice-Chancellor of Austria before the 1938 Anschluss, a military historian and archivist, and general in the German Wehrmacht during the Second World War.", "Q271135": "Chen Hao (born December 9, 1979) is a Chinese actress, singer, and model.", "Q165846": "Operation Ivy was an American punk rock band from Berkeley, California, United States, formed in May 1987. The band was stylistically important as one of the first bands to mix the elements of hardcore punk and ska into a new amalgam called ska punk and was critical to the emergence of Lookout Records and the so-called \"East Bay Sound.\"\nThe band's name was derived from the Operation Ivy series of nuclear tests in 1952. Although the band released just one full-length album before breaking up in May 1989, Operation Ivy is well remembered as the direct antecedent of \npopular band Rancid and for wielding a lasting stylistic influence over numerous other bands.", "Q919": "Krasnoyarsk ( KRA(H)SS-n\u0259-YARSK; Russian: \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u044f\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a, tr. Krasnoj\u00e1rsk, IPA: [kr\u0259sn\u0250\u02c8jarsk] (listen)) is a city and the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River. It is the third-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk and Omsk, with a population of 1,035,528 as of the 2010 Census. Krasnoyarsk is an important junction of the Trans-Siberian Railway and one of Russia's largest producers of aluminium.\nThe city is known for its nature landscapes; author Anton Chekhov judged Krasnoyarsk to be the most beautiful city in Siberia.", "Q155985": "Richard John Santorum (born May 10, 1958) is an American politician, attorney, and political commentator. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a United States senator from Pennsylvania from 1995 to 2007 and was the Senate's third-ranking Republican from 2001 to 2007. Santorum ran for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination, finishing second to Mitt Romney. In January 2017, he became a CNN senior political commentator.\nSantorum was elected to the United States Senate from Pennsylvania in 1994. He served two terms until losing his 2006 reelection bid. A Roman Catholic, Santorum is a social conservative who opposes abortion and same-sex marriage and embraced a cultural warrior image during his Senate tenure. While serving as a senator, Santorum authored the Santorum Amendment, which would have promoted the teaching of intelligent design. He was a leading sponsor of the 2003 federal law known as the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act.\nIn the years following his departure from the Senate, Santorum has worked as a consultant, private practice lawyer, and news contributor. He ran for the Republican nomination in the 2012 U.S. presidential election. Before suspending his campaign on April 10, 2012, Santorum exceeded expectations by winning 11 primaries and caucuses and receiving nearly four million votes, making him the runner-up to eventual nominee Mitt Romney. Santorum ran for president again in 2016, but ended his campaign in February 2016 after a poor showing in the Iowa caucuses.", "Q71163": "D\u00f6beln is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, part of the Mittelsachsen district, on both banks of the river Freiberger Mulde.", "Q1370748": "Paul Mitchell (born Cyril Thomson Mitchell; January 27, 1936 \u2013 April 21, 1989) was a Scottish American hairstylist and co-founder of the hair care product company John Paul Mitchell Systems in 1980. Paul Mitchell the School was later inspired in 2000, now with over 100 locations.", "Q67701": "Anna Cooke Kendrick (born August 9, 1985) is an American actress and singer. She began her career as a child actress in theater productions. Her first starring role was in the 1998 Broadway musical High Society. She later made her feature film debut in the musical comedy Camp (2003).\nKendrick rose to prominence for her supporting role as Jessica Stanley in The Twilight Saga (2008\u20132012). Her starring role in Jason Reitman's comedy-drama film Up in the Air, which was released in 2009, received praise from critics and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She achieved further recognition for starring as Beca Mitchell in the Pitch Perfect film series (2012\u20132017).\nKendrick also had starring roles in the comedy-drama 50/50 (2011), the crime-drama End of Watch (2012), the musical-fantasy Into the Woods (2014), the drama Cake (2014), the adult comedy Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates (2016), the animated comedy Trolls (2016), and the mystery-thriller comedy A Simple Favor (2018). Kendrick published a memoir in 2016, titled Scrappy Little Nobody.", "Q59837": "Jorge Guill\u00e9n \u00c1lvarez (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8xo\u027exe \u0263i\u02c8\u028een]; 18 January 1893 \u2013 6 February 1984) was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27, as well as a university teacher, scholar and literary critic.\nIn 1957-8 he delivered the Charles Eliot Norton lectures at Harvard University. These were published in 1961 under the title Language and Poetry: Some Poets of Spain. The final lecture was a tribute to his colleagues in the Generation of '27.\nIn 1983, he was named Hijo Predilecto de Andaluc\u00eda. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times.", "Q68432": "Saint-L\u00e9gier-La Chi\u00e9saz is a municipality in the district of Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q986409": "Kokem\u00e4ki (Swedish: Kumo) is a town and municipality in the Satakunta Region of Finland.\nThe town has a population of 7,226 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 531.27 square kilometres (205.12 sq mi) of which 50.04 km2 (19.32 sq mi) is water. The population density is 15.02 inhabitants per square kilometre (38.9/sq mi).\nThe 121kilometre long Kokem\u00e4enjoki river flows from Lake Liekovesi, in the Pirkanmaa region, through Kokem\u00e4ki and in to the Gulf of Bothnia at Pori. The Kolsi hydro-electric power plant is located at Kokem\u00e4ki. Kokem\u00e4enjoki has long been an important waterway, well known for its salmon, whitefish and lamprey.Finland is constitutionally bi-lingual with a Swedish speaking minority. The municipality is unilingual with the vast majority of the population speaking Finnish. Many, mostly younger, residents are able to understand or speak some English.\nAccording to the town's official website, Kokem\u00e4ki was granted a town charter in 1869. The municipality of Kauvatsa was merged with Kokem\u00e4ki in 1969. Kokem\u00e4ki was granted city status in 1977.", "Q142221": "Janet McLuckie Brown (14 December 1923 \u2013 27 May 2011) was a Scottish actress, comedian and impressionist who gained considerable fame in the 1970s and 1980s for her impersonations of Margaret Thatcher. Brown was the wife of Peter Butterworth who was best known for his appearances in the Carry on films. Butterworth died in 1979 and Brown never remarried.", "Q2900": "t description|Capital of Ecuador}}\nQuito (; Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8kito] (listen); Quechua: Kitu; formally San Francisco de Quito) is the capital of Ecuador, the country's most populous city, and at an elevation of 2,850 metres (9,350 ft) above sea level, it is the second highest official capital city in the world, after La Paz, and the one which is closest to the equator. It is located in the Guayllabamba river basin, on the eastern slopes of Pichincha, an active stratovolcano in the Andes Mountains.\nIn 2008, the city was designated as the headquarters of the Union of South American Nations.The historic centre of Quito is one of the largest, least-altered and best-preserved in the Americas. Quito and Krak\u00f3w, Poland, were the first World Cultural Heritage Sites declared by UNESCO, in 1978. The central square of Quito is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of the equator; the city itself extends to within about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) of zero latitude. A monument and museum marking the general location of the equator is known locally as la mitad del mundo (the middle of the world), to avoid confusion, as the word Ecuador is Spanish for equator.\n\n", "Q605443": "Menachem Porush (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e0\u05d7\u05dd \u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05e9, 2 April 1916 \u2013 22 February 2010) was an Israel politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Agudat Yisrael and its alliances between 1959 and 1975, and again from 1977 until 1994.", "Q736274": "Jules Shungu Wembadio Pene Kikumba (14 June 1949 \u2013 24 April 2016), known professionally as Papa Wemba, was a Congolese singer and musician who played Congolese rumba, soukous, and ndombolo. Sometimes dubbed the \"King of Rumba Rock\", he was one of the most popular musicians of his time in Africa and played an important role in world music. He was also a fashion icon who popularized the Sape look and style through his musical group Viva la Musica, with whom he performed on stages throughout the world.", "Q175102": "Jordan Rudess (born Jordan Charles Rudes; November 4, 1956) is an American keyboardist and composer best known as a member of the progressive metal band Dream Theater and the progressive metal supergroup Liquid Tension Experiment.", "Q934734": "Odd Bang-Hansen (9 April 1908 \u2013 4 March 1984) was a Norwegian educator, journalist and author.", "Q76383": "Hans S\u00f6hnker (11 October 1903 \u2013 20 April 1981) was a German film actor. He appeared in 105 films between 1933 and 1980. He was born in Kiel, Germany and died in Berlin, Germany.\n\n", "Q2177054": "The Russian Institute of Theatre Arts \u2013 GITIS (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u2013 \u0413\u0418\u0422\u0418\u0421) is the largest and oldest independent theatrical arts school in Russia. Located in Moscow, the school was founded on 22 September 1878 as the Shostakovsky Music School. It became the School of Music and Drama of the Moscow Philharmonic Society in 1883, was elevated to the status of a conservatory in 1886, was renamed the Institute of Music and Drama in 1918, and was known as the Lunacharsky State Institute for Theatre Arts (GITIS) from 1934 to 1991.", "Q557632": "Decca Records is a British record label established in 1929 by Edward Lewis. Its U.S. label was established in late 1934 by Lewis, along with American Decca's first president Jack Kapp and later American Decca president Milton Rackmil. In 1937, anticipating Nazi aggression leading to World War II, Lewis sold American Decca and the link between the UK and U.S. Decca labels was broken for several decades. The British label was renowned for its development of recording methods, while the American company developed the concept of cast albums in the musical genre. Both wings are now part of the Universal Music Group, which is co-owned by Vivendi, a media conglomerate headquartered in Paris, and Tencent, a Chinese tech company. The US Decca label was the foundation company that evolved into UMG (Universal Music Group).", "Q870604": "Gy\u00f6rgy Csan\u00e1dy (Hungarian: [\u02c8\u025f\u00f8r\u025f \u02c8t\u0361\u0283\u0252na\u02d0di]; 23 February 1895 \u2013 3 May 1952) was a Hungarian poet, journalist and radio director of Sz\u00e9kely origins. He is the author of Sz\u00e9kely himnusz.", "Q386026": "Orlov\u00e1 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8orlova\u02d0] (listen); Polish: Or\u0142owa; German: Orlau) is a town in the Karvin\u00e1 District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.\nThe name is most probably possessive in origin, derived from the personal name Orel (Czech) (Orze\u0142 in Polish), the same as eagle in English, although it may also be of topographic origins.", "Q808967": "A barrister is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions. Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation. Their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching the philosophy, hypothesis and history of law, and giving expert legal opinions.\nBarristers are distinguished from solicitors, who have more direct access to clients, and may do transactional-type legal work. It is mainly barristers who are appointed as judges, and they are rarely hired by clients directly. In some legal systems, including those of Scotland, South Africa, Scandinavia, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and the British Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, the word barrister is also regarded as an honorific title.\nIn a few jurisdictions, barristers are usually forbidden from \"conducting\" litigation, and can only act on the instructions of a solicitor, who performs tasks such as corresponding with parties and the court, and drafting court documents. In England and Wales, barristers may seek authorisation from the Bar Standards Board to conduct litigation. This allows a barrister to practise in a 'dual capacity', fulfilling the role of both barrister and solicitor.In some countries with common law legal systems, such as New Zealand and some regions of Australia, lawyers are entitled to practise both as barristers and solicitors, but it remains a separate system of qualification to practise exclusively as a barrister. Barristers can argue a case in both higher and lower courts.", "Q92777": "Paul Vixie is an American computer scientist whose technical contributions include Domain Name System (DNS) protocol design and procedure, mechanisms to achieve operational robustness of DNS implementations, and significant contributions to open source software principles and methodology. He also created and launched the first successful commercial anti-spam service. He authored the standard UNIX system programs SENDS, proxynet, rtty and Vixie cron. At one point he ran his own consulting business, Vixie Enterprises.", "Q297881": "Marie Louise L\u00e9v\u00eaque de Vilmorin (4 April 1902 \u2013 26 December 1969) was a French novelist, poet and journalist.\nBorn in the family ch\u00e2teau at Verri\u00e8res-le-Buisson, Essonne, a suburb southwest of Paris, she was heir to a great French seed company fortune, that of Vilmorin. She was afflicted with a slight limp that became a personal trademark. Vilmorin was best known as a writer of delicate but mordant tales, often set in aristocratic or artistic milieu.\nHer most famous novel was Madame de..., published in 1951, which was adapted into the celebrated film The Earrings of Madame de... (1953), directed by Max Oph\u00fcls and starring Charles Boyer, Danielle Darrieux and Vittorio de Sica. Vilmorin's other works included Juliette, La lettre dans un taxi, Les belles amours, Saintes-Unefois, and Intimit\u00e9s. Her letters to Jean Cocteau were published after the death of both correspondents. She was awarded the Ren\u00e9e Vivien prize for women poets in 1949.", "Q471839": "Science fiction film (or sci-fi film) is a genre that uses speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, alien worlds, extrasensory perception and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar travel or other technologies. Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition. In many cases, tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held.The genre has existed since the early years of silent cinema, when Georges Melies' A Trip to the Moon (1902) employed trick photography effects. The next major example in the genre was the film Metropolis (1927). From the 1930s to the 1950s, the genre consisted mainly of low-budget B movies. After Stanley Kubrick's landmark 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), the science fiction film genre was taken more seriously. In the late 1970s, big-budget science fiction films filled with special effects became popular with audiences after the success of Star Wars and paved the way for the blockbuster hits of subsequent decades.", "Q177715": "Princess Rym al-Ali (born 1969) is the Algerian wife of Prince Ali bin Hussein of Jordan, whom she married on September 7, 2004. She is the daughter of Lakhdar Brahimi, former Algerian Minister for Foreign Affairs and senior UN official. Her mother, Mila Bacic, is of half-Croatian and half-Armenian descent. She was raised in Great Britain and Algeria, and was educated in France and the United States.\nShe and Prince Ali live in Amman with their two children Princess Jalila bint Ali and Prince Abdullah bin Ali.", "Q3508986": "The Dalton School, originally the Children's University School, is a private, coeducational college preparatory school on New York City's Upper East Side and a member of both the Ivy Preparatory School League and the New York Interschool. The school is located in four buildings within Manhattan.", "Q291228": "Antonio \"Tony\" Moreno (born Antonio Garrido Monteagudo, September 26, 1887 \u2013 February 15, 1967) was a Spanish-born American actor and film director of the silent film era and through the 1950s.\n\n", "Q1699692": "John Graham Cuckney, Baron Cuckney (12 July 1925 \u2013 30 October 2008) was a British industrialist, civil servant and peer.", "Q75852": "Hartmann von Aue, also known as Hartmann von Ouwe, (born c. 1160\u201370, died c. 1210\u201320) was a German knight and poet. With his works including Erec, Iwein, Gregorius, and Der arme Heinrich, he introduced the courtly romance into German literature and, with Wolfram von Eschenbach and Gottfried von Strassburg, was one of the three great epic poets of Middle High German literature.", "Q2924500": "Brent Sexton (born August 12, 1967) is an American actor best known for his roles in the television series Bosch, The Killing, Life, and Deadwood. He has also guest starred in several other television series, such as Justified, That's Life, Birds of Prey, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, and Judging Amy. He has also appeared in several motion pictures, such as In the Valley of Elah, Flightplan, Radio, and A.I. Artificial Intelligence.\nIn 2005, the movie Radio won a CAMIE Award and, in 2006, Sexton, along with the cast of Deadwood, was nominated for a SAG Award.", "Q44331": "Arthur Schnitzler (15 May 1862 \u2013 21 October 1931) was an Austrian author and dramatist.", "Q15618": "Oxygen is a 1999 film, directed and written by Richard Shepard. The film follows a troubled cop, Madeline Foster (played by Maura Tierney) as she pursues a kidnapper who calls himself Harry Houdini (Adrien Brody). The film was shot on location in New York City.\n\n", "Q514079": "Heinrich Rantzau or Ranzow (Ranzovius) (11 March 1526 \u2013 31 December 1598) was a German humanist writer and statesman, a prolific astrologer and an associate of Tycho Brahe. He was son of Johan Rantzau. \nHe was Governor of the Danish royal share in the Duchy of Holstein, a rich man and celebrated book collector. Rantzau is perhaps best remembered as a patron of scholars. His own Tractatus astrologicus de genethliacorum thematum appeared in 1597, and went through five editions by 1615. In his own time, he was regarded as a generous supporter of artists and writers in L\u00fcbeck, many of whom he engaged to write memorials of his father. Rantzau was also a successful merchant with trading interests in the east-west trade through Husum and L\u00fcbeck.Rantzau was awarded the Danish Order of the Elephant in 1580 by King Frederick II of Denmark.\nOne of his sons, Gert Rantzau, was Captain of the castles of Kronborg and Flensburg.He was the great-uncle of Josias von Rantzau, Marshal of France.", "Q456538": "Yvette Horner (22 September 1922 \u2013 11 June 2018) was a French accordionist known for performing with the Tour de France during the 1950s and 1960s.", "Q306626": "Austrian German (German: \u00d6sterreichisches Deutsch), Austrian Standard German (ASG), Standard Austrian German (German: \u00d6sterreichisches Standarddeutsch), or Austrian High German (German: \u00d6sterreichisches Hochdeutsch), is the variety of Standard German written and spoken in Austria. It has the highest sociolinguistic prestige locally, as it is the variation used in the media and for other formal situations. In less formal situations, Austrians tend to use forms closer to or identical with the Bavarian and Alemannic dialects, traditionally spoken \u2013 but rarely written \u2013 in Austria.\n\n", "Q214550": "Henry William Stiegel (May 13, 1729 in Cologne, Germany \u2013 January 10, 1785 in Pennsylvania, USA) was a German-American glassmaker and ironmaster.\nStiegel was the eldest of six children born to John Frederick and Dorothea Elizabeth Stiegel in the Free Imperial City of Cologne. He immigrated to British North America in 1750 with his mother and younger brother, Anthony (his father and other siblings had died). The Stiegels sailed on a ship known as the Nancy, and arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on August 31, 1750.\n\nAfter arriving, Stiegel took a job in Philadelphia with Charles and Alexander Stedman, most likely as a clerk or bookkeeper. In 1752, Stiegel moved to what is now Lancaster County, Pennsylvania to work with Jacob Huber, an ironworker. He married Huber's daughter, eighteen-year-old Elizabeth, the same year. The couple had two daughters, Barbara (born 1756) and Elizabeth (born 1758). Elizabeth Huber Stiegel died on February 13, 1758, only ten days after giving birth to their second daughter. Stiegel married his second wife, Elizabeth Holtz, within a year. They had a son named Jacob.When Jacob Huber died in 1758, Stiegel and several business partners from Philadelphia assumed ownership of Huber's foundry and renamed it Elizabeth Furnace (in honor of his wife). Stiegel later purchased a forge in Berks County called the Tulpehocken Eisenhammer. He called the place Charming Forge, another iron forge near Lancaster.An active lay Lutheran and associate of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, he donated the land on which the Lutheran church in Manheim, Pennsylvania is now built. Stiegel was also a founding member of the German Society of Pennsylvania, formed in 1764 to aid newly arrived German immigrants. He led the fundraising efforts to secure the plot of land on which the Society's first building was eventually erected. Stiegel reportedly died in poverty.\n\n", "Q3355170": "Ra\u00fal Salinas de Gortari (born August 24, 1946) is a Mexican civil engineer and businessman. He is the elder brother of Carlos Salinas de Gortari, the 53rd president of Mexico.\nRa\u00fal Salinas de Gortari graduated from the Faculty of Engineering of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, as Civil Engineer. He has a Master\u2019s Degree in Transportation Planning from the \u00c9cole Nationale Des Ponts Et Chaussees in Paris, and another one in Evaluation of Industrial Development Projects from the Universit\u00e9 de Paris.", "Q42740": "The Han Chinese, Hanzu, Han people (UK: ; US: ; simplified Chinese: \u6c49\u4eba; traditional Chinese: \u6f22\u4eba; pinyin: H\u00e0nr\u00e9n; literally: 'Han people' or simplified Chinese: \u6c49\u65cf; traditional Chinese: \u6f22\u65cf; pinyin: H\u00e0nz\u00fa; literally: 'Han ethnicity'), are an East Asian ethnic group and nation. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population, and consist of various subgroups speaking distinctive varieties of Chinese languages. The estimated 1.3 billion Han Chinese people are mostly concentrated in mainland China, where they make up about 92 percent of the total population. In Taiwan they make up about 95% of the population. People of Han Chinese descent also make up around 75% of the total population of Singapore.The Han Chinese trace a common ancestry to the Huaxia, a name for the initial confederation of agricultural tribes living along the Yellow River. The term Huaxia represents the collective Neolithic confederation of agricultural tribes Hua and Xia who settled along the Central Plains around the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in northern China. The two tribes were the ancestors of the modern Han Chinese people that gave birth to Chinese civilization. In addition, the term Huaxia (literally \"the civilized Xia people\") was distinctively used to represent a civilized ethnic group in contrast to what was perceived as barbaric peoples around them.In many overseas Chinese communities, the term Hua Ren (\u534e\u4eba; \u83ef\u4eba; Hu\u00e1r\u00e9n), Hua Qiao (\u534e\u4fa8; \u83ef\u50d1; Hu\u00e1qi\u00e1o) or Hua Zu (\u534e\u65cf; \u83ef\u65cf; Hu\u00e1z\u00fa) may be used for people of Han Chinese ethnicity as distinct from Zhongguo Ren (\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba; \u4e2d\u570b\u4eba) which also refers to citizens of China, including people of non-Han ethnicity. Han people (\u6c49\u4eba; \u6f22\u4eba; H\u00e0nr\u00e9n) may also be used for people of ethnic Chinese descent around the world.The Han Chinese are bound together with a shared history inhabiting an ancient ancestral territory for over four thousand years, deeply rooted with many different cultural traditions and customs. The Huaxia tribes in northern China experienced a continuous expansion into southern China over the past two millennia. Huaxia culture spread southward from its heartland in the Yellow River Basin, absorbing various non-Chinese ethnic groups that became sinicised over the centuries at various points in China's history.The Han dynasty is considered to be one of the first great eras in Chinese history, as it made China the major regional power in East Asia and projected much of its influence on its neighbours while rivalling the Roman Empire in population size and geographical reach. The Han dynasty's prestige and prominence influenced many of the ancient Huaxia to begin identifying themselves as \"The People of Han\". To this day, the Han Chinese have since taken their ethnic name from this dynasty, and the Chinese script is referred to as \"Han characters\".\n\n", "Q91518": "R\u00fcdiger Nehberg, also known as 'Sir Vival', (4 May 1935 \u2013 1 April 2020) was a German human rights activist, author and survival expert. He was the founder and chairman of the anti-FGM organization TARGET, and chairman of the organizations Friends of Peoples Close to Nature (German section \u2013 Freunde der Naturv\u00f6lker) and Rettet den Regenwald (Save the Rainforest). He lived in Rausdorf near Hamburg, Germany. Nehberg described himself as having \"No astrological sign, no church, no hair, and no clip in the ear (the latter means: he is a maverick)\".", "Q3708094": "The Seljuk Empire (Persian: \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0642\u200e, romanized: \u0100l-e Saljuq, lit. 'House of Saljuq') or the Great Seljuq Empire was a high medieval Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qiniq branch of Oghuz Turks. At its greatest extent, the Seljuk Empire controlled a vast area stretching from western Anatolia and the Levant to the Hindu Kush in the east, and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf in the south.\nThe Seljuk empire was founded by Tughril Beg (990\u20131063) and his brother Chaghri Beg (989\u20131060) in 1037. From their homelands near the Aral Sea, the Seljuks advanced first into Khorasan and then into mainland Persia, before eventually capturing Baghdad and conquering eastern Anatolia. Here the Seljuks won the battle of Manzikert in 1071 and conquered most of Anatolia from the Byzantine Empire, which became one of the reasons for the first crusade (1095-1099). From c. 1150-1250, the Seljuk empire declined, and was invaded by the Mongols around 1260. The Mongols divided Anatolia into emirates. Eventually one of these, the Ottoman, would conquer the rest.\nSeljuk gave his name to both the empire and the Seljuk dynasty. The Seljuks united the fractured political landscape of the eastern Islamic world and played a key role in the first and second crusades. Highly Persianized in culture and language, the Seljuks also played an important role in the development of the Turko-Persian tradition, even exporting Persian culture to Anatolia. The settlement of Turkic tribes in the northwestern peripheral parts of the empire, for the strategic military purpose of fending off invasions from neighboring states, led to the progressive Turkicization of those areas.", "Q256763": "Anne Holt (born 16 November 1958) is a Norwegian author, lawyer and former Minister of Justice.", "Q49615": "Rowan Douglas Williams, Baron Williams of Oystermouth, (born 14 June 1950), is a Welsh Anglican bishop, theologian and poet. He was the 104th Archbishop of Canterbury, a position he held from December 2002 to December 2012. Previously the Bishop of Monmouth and Archbishop of Wales, Williams was the first Archbishop of Canterbury in modern times not to be appointed from within the Church of England.\nWilliams's primacy was marked by speculation that the Anglican Communion (in which the Archbishop of Canterbury is the leading figure) was on the verge of fragmentation over disagreements on contemporary issues such as homosexuality and the ordination of women. Williams worked to keep all sides talking to one another. Notable events during his time as Archbishop of Canterbury include the rejection by a majority of dioceses of his proposed Anglican Covenant and, in the final General Synod of his tenure, his unsuccessful attempt to secure a sufficient majority for a measure to allow the appointment of women as bishops in the Church of England.\nHaving spent much of his earlier career as an academic at the universities of Cambridge and Oxford successively, Williams speaks three languages and reads at least nine. After standing down as Archbishop, Williams took up the positions of Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, in 2013, and Chancellor of the University of South Wales in 2014. He also delivered the Gifford Lectures at the University of Edinburgh in 2013.\nJustin Welby succeeded Williams as Archbishop of Canterbury on 9 November 2012, being enthroned in March 2013. On 26 December 2012, 10 Downing St announced Williams's elevation to the peerage as a life baron, so that he could continue to speak in the Upper House of Parliament. Following the creation of his title on 8 January and its gazetting on 11 January 2013, he was introduced to the temporal benches of the House of Lords as Baron Williams of Oystermouth on 15 January 2013, sitting as a crossbencher.", "Q92011": "Johannes Minckwitz (January 21, 1812 L\u00fcckersdorf \u2013 December 29, 1885 Neuenheim) was a German poet and classical scholar.", "Q164769": "Dollars for a Fast Gun (also known as 100.000 dollari per Lassiter and La muerte cumple condena) is a 1966 Italian-Spanish comedy western film directed by Joaqu\u00edn Luis Romero Marchent with Mariano Canales as the assistant director, it was written by Sergio Donati, and scored by Marcello Giombini. It stars Robert Hundar, Pamela Tudor, Roberto Camardiel and Jos\u00e9 B\u00f3dalo.This film supposed the breakup between Marchent and Grimaldi. The film was collaborated by Sergio Leone mates. It didn't received good reviews.Marchent western films such as Seven Hours of Gunfire (1965), Dollars for a Fast Gun and I Do Not Forgive... I Kill! (1968) are some of Quentin Tarantino references.", "Q2121574": "Vladimir Aleksandrovich Popovkin (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438\u043d; 25 September 1957 \u2013 18 June 2014) was the General Director of the Russian Federal Space Agency and former First Deputy Defense Minister of Russia. He was a General of the Army and former commander of the Russian Space Forces.", "Q577284": "Michael Graham Ruddock Sandberg, Baron Sandberg, CBE (Chinese: \u6c88\u5f3c, 31 May 1927 \u2013 2 July 2017) was executive chairman of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation from 1977 to 1986.\n\n", "Q558267": "K\u014dtoku Denjir\u014d (\u5e78\u5fb3 \u50b3\u6b21\u90ce, November 5, 1871 \u2013 January 24, 1911), better known by the nom de plume K\u014dtoku Sh\u016bsui (\u5e78\u5fb3 \u79cb\u6c34), was a Japanese socialist and anarchist who played a leading role in introducing anarchism to Japan in the early 20th century, particularly by translating the works of contemporary European and Russian anarchists, such as Peter Kropotkin, into Japanese. He was a radical journalist, and he was executed for treason by the Japanese government.\nHe also contributed articles to Sekai Fujin (Women of the World), a socialist women's newspaper, and co-founded the Heimin Shimbun (Common Peoples' Newspaper) with another Yorozu Ch\u014dh\u014d journalist, Toshihiko Sakai. This paper's outspoken anti-war stance and disregard of the state's press laws landed its editors in trouble with the government on numerous occasions, and K\u014dtoku himself served a five-month jail sentence from February to July 1905.\n\nHis final work is Kirisuto Massatsuron (\u57fa\u7763\u62b9\u6bba\u8ad6, On the Obliteration of Christ). In this book, he claimed that Jesus was a mythical and unreal figure.", "Q200525": "Louis Daquin (20 May 1908 \u2013 2 October 1980) was a French film director and actor. He directed 14 films between 1938 and 1963. He also appeared in 11 films between 1937 and 1979.\n\n", "Q720370": "Pierre Souvestre (1 June 1874 \u2013 26 February 1914) was a French lawyer, journalist, writer and organizer of motor races. He is mostly remembered today for his co-creation with Marcel Allain of the fictional arch-villain and master criminal Fant\u00f4mas. He was born in Plomelin, a commune in Finist\u00e8re, Brittany.\nIn 1909, already a well-known figure in literary circles, Souvestre collaborated with his assistant Allain on their first novel, Le Rour. Investigating Magistrate Germain Fuselier, later to become a recurring character in the Fant\u00f4mas series, appears in the novel.\nThen, in February 1911, Allain and Souvestre embarked upon the Fant\u00f4mas book series at the request of publisher Arth\u00e8me Fayard, who wanted to create a new monthly pulp magazine. The success was immediate and lasting.\nSouvestre died of a congestion of the lungs. After his death, Allain continued the Fant\u00f4mas saga alone.", "Q237389": "Yuna Ito (\u4f0a\u85e4 \u7531\u5948, It\u014d Yuna, born September 20, 1983) is an American-born former singer and actress who was active in Japan.\nShe was born in Los Angeles and was raised in Hawaii. Ito made her musical debut in Japan with the single, \"Endless Story\", which was used as one of the theme songs for the popular 2005 film Nana; she also starred in the film, portraying Reira Serizawa. In 2006, Ito reprised her role as Reira for the sequel of the film singing the theme song, \"Truth\". In 2007, Ito released her debut album, Heart, which debuted atop the Oricon chart.", "Q217059": "The Unification movement, also known as the Unification Church (UC), is a worldwide new religious movement whose members are sometimes colloquially called \"Moonies\". It was officially founded in 1954 under the name Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity (HSA-UWC) in Seoul, South Korea by Sun Myung Moon (1920-2012), a Korean religious leader also known for his business ventures and engagement in social and political causes.The beliefs of the Unification movement are based on Moon's book Divine Principle, which differs from the teachings of Nicene Christianity on its view of Jesus and its introduction of the concept of \"indemnity\". The movement is well known for its unique \"Blessing\" or mass wedding ceremonies. It also has unique funeral ceremonies for its members.The Unification movement has attracted numerous controversies, and has been called a dangerous cult. Its beliefs have been criticized by both Jewish and Christian scholars. It also has been criticized for its involvement in politics, which include anticommunism and support for Korean reunification.The Unification movement and its members have founded, own, and support other related organizations, including business, educational, political, and other types of organizations.", "Q61199": "Reiner Kunze (born 16 August 1933 in Oelsnitz, Erzgebirge, Saxony) is a German writer and GDR dissident. He studied media and journalism at the University of Leipzig. In 1968, he left the GDR state party SED following the communist Warsaw Pact countries invasion of Czechoslovakia in response to the Prague Spring. He had to publish his work under various pseudonyms. In 1976, his most famous book The Lovely Years, which contained critical insights into the life, and the policies behind the Iron Curtain, was published in West Germany to great acclaim. In 1977, the GDR regime expatriated him, and he moved to West Germany (FRG). He now lives near Passau in Bavaria.\nHis writings consists mostly of poetry, though he wrote prose as well, including essays. He is also a translator of Czech poetry and prose.\nIn 2009, he was awarded the Th\u00fcringer Literaturpreis.", "Q27923720": "Imperial Moscow University was the oldest of the universities of the Russian Empire, established in 1755. It was the first of the twelve imperial universities of the Russian Empire.\n\n", "Q68803": "Ch\u00e2tillon is a municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q236097": "Abbie Cornish (born 1982), also known by her rap name Dusk, is an Australian actress and rapper. Following her lead performance in 2004's Somersault, Cornish is best known for her film roles as Fanny Brawne in Bright Star (2009), Sweet Pea in Sucker Punch (2011), Lindy in Limitless (2011) and for her work with writer/director Martin McDonagh in Seven Psychopaths (2012) and Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017). For the latter, Cornish won her first Screen Actors Guild Award as part of the cast. In 2018, she portrayed Cathy Mueller in the first season of Amazon Video series Jack Ryan opposite John Krasinski.\n\n", "Q4140": "Waiblingen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8va\u026abl\u026a\u014b\u0259n]) is a town in the southwest of Germany, located in the center of the densely populated Stuttgart region, directly neighboring Stuttgart. It is the capital of the Rems-Murr district. As of September 30, 2004 Waiblingen accommodated 52,948 inhabitants (25,953 men and 26,995 women).\nAs of December 31, 2004, the area of the town (including all external properties, such as forests) was 42.76 km2 (16.51 sq mi).", "Q181083": "John Smith Phelps (December 22, 1814 \u2013 November 20, 1886) was a politician, soldier during the American Civil War, and the 23rd Governor of Missouri.", "Q1457437": "The Troyekurovo Cemetery (Russian: \u0422\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435, romanized: Troyekurovskoye Cemetery), alternatively known as Novo-Kuntsevo Cemetery (Russian: \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e-\u041a\u0443\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435, romanized: Novo-Kuntsevskoye Cemetery), is a cemetery in Moscow, Russia.\nThe cemetery is located in the former village of Troyekurovo on the western edge of Moscow, which derives its name from the Troyekurov princely family, a branch of the Rurikid House of Yaroslavl, that owned the village in the 17th century. Troyekurovo Cemetery Cemetery includes the Church of Saint Nicholas, built by Prince Troyekurov in 1699-1704, which was closed during the Soviet era but reopened in 1991.\nTroyekurovo Cemetery is administered as a branch of the Novodevichy Cemetery and is the resting place of numerous notable Russian and Soviet figures.", "Q1936454": "Vincent Leo Welnick (February 21, 1951 \u2013 June 2, 2006) was an American keyboardist, best known for playing with the band the Tubes during the 1970s and 1980s and with the Grateful Dead in the 1990s.", "Q216347": "Uriel Birnbaum (November 13, 1894, in Vienna \u2212 December 9, 1956, in Amersfoort, Netherlands) was an Austrian painter, caricaturist, writer and poet.\nBirnbaum was the youngest son of Nathan Birnbaum, a Jewish philosopher, and Rosa Korngut. Reportedly, his art education consisted of only one month at a Berlin art school in 1913. He was severely injured during World War I. He illustrated a number of books, including works of Edgar Allan Poe, Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass (Alice im Spiegelglass, Vienna, 1923), and his own Weltuntergang (1921).", "Q112827": "Johann Cesar VI. Godeffroy (7 July 1813 in Kiel \u2013 9 February 1885 in Blankenese) was a German trader and Hanseat.\nHe was the founder of Museum Godeffroy.", "Q924241": "Vista (; Spanish: view) is a city in Southern California and is located in northwestern San Diego County. Vista is a medium-sized city within the San Diego-Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Area and has a population of 101,659. Vista's sphere of influence also includes portions of unincorporated San Diego County to north and east, with a county island in the central west. Located just seven miles inland from the Pacific Ocean, it has a Mediterranean climate.\nOriginally the lands of Rancho Buena Vista and Rancho Guajome, Vista was founded on October 9, 1882 with the establishment of a post office. It was incorporated on January 28, 1963 and became a charter city on June 13, 2007.\nVista has more than 25 educational institutions for youth, and a business park home to over 800 companies. Vista is ranked as the 173rd-best place in California out of 240 for families, based on factors such as family life, recreational opportunities, education, health, safety, and affordability in a 2015 review.", "Q165477": "Hermann J\u00f3nasson (25 December 1896 \u2013 22 January 1976) was an Icelandic politician of the Progressive Party, who was Prime Minister of Iceland on two occasions.\nHe served his first term from 28 July 1934 to 16 May 1942. This term included one of the most difficult times in Icelandic history. In the pre-war years he had to deal with constant pressures from Nazi Germany and the United Kingdom regarding Iceland's diplomatic stance. After World War II started, the German occupation of Denmark severed the ties between the two countries, forcing Iceland to assume full control over its foreign interests which had previously been represented by Denmark. Subsequently, the British occupied Iceland on 10 May 1940.\nHis second term lasted from 24 July 1956 to 23 December 1958. In the elections of 1956 the Progressive Party and the Social Democratic Party joined forces and formed an electoral alliance that became known as the \"Fear-Alliance\" (Icelandic: Hr\u00e6\u00f0slubandalagi\u00f0, the fear in question being the fear of the Independence Party). After the elections the \"Fear-Alliance\" formed a coalition with The People's Alliance. This was Iceland's first leftist government, and was plagued with troubles from the outset, not the least of which was the relative hostility and distrust of the United States and other NATO allies. The coalition eventually fell apart, giving way to the long-lasting \"Reconstruction Government\" of the Independence Party and the Social Democrats.\nHermann had a reputation for being a very strong willed and often hot-tempered man (once slapping a Socialist member of the Althing). He however gained great respect of political co-workers and adversaries alike, and is fondly remembered as one of Iceland's greatest 20th Century politicians.\nHe was the father of Steingr\u00edmur Hermannsson, who would go on to become Prime Minister of Iceland in the 1980s. His grandson, Gu\u00f0mundur Steingr\u00edmsson, was elected to the Althing in 2009.\nIn 2007 Hermann was the subject of a mild controversy, when DNA-testing proved that he had, during his years as a public official, fathered a child out of wedlock. A lawyer named L\u00fa\u00f0v\u00edk Gizurarson had for several years claimed to be Hermann's illegitimate son. After several years of legal battles, L\u00fa\u00f0v\u00edk's case was put to a DNA-test which turned out positive.", "Q49601": "Peter von Matt (born 20 May 1937) is a Swiss philologist and author.", "Q115184": "Friderike Maria Zweig (n\u00e9e Burger; 4 December 1882 \u2013 18 January 1971) was an Austrian writer. She was the first wife of Stefan Zweig, also an Austrian writer.\n\n", "Q662625": "Serhiy Yefremov (Ukrainian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0439 \u0404\u0444\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0432; October 18, 1876 \u2013 March 31, 1939) was a Ukrainian literary journalist, historian, critic, political activist, statesman, and academician. He was a member of the Ukrainian Academy of Science (1919) and Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv. Yefremov is his literary pseudonym, his real name is Okhrimenko.", "Q313559": "Jerry Fulton Cantrell Jr. (born March 18, 1966) is an American musician, singer-songwriter and guitarist best known as the founder, lead guitarist, co-lead vocalist and main songwriter of the rock band Alice in Chains. The band rose to international fame in the early 1990s during Seattle's grunge movement, and is known for its distinctive vocal style and the harmonized vocals between Cantrell and Layne Staley (and later Cantrell and William DuVall). Cantrell started to sing lead vocals on Alice in Chains' 1992 EP Sap. After Staley's death in 2002, Cantrell took the role of Alice in Chains' lead singer on most of the songs from the band's post-Staley albums, Black Gives Way to Blue (2009), The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here (2013) and Rainier Fog (2018), with DuVall harmonizing with him in the new songs and singing Staley's vocals in the old songs in live concerts.He also has a solo career, having released the albums Boggy Depot in 1998 and Degradation Trip Volumes 1 & 2 in 2002. Cantrell has also collaborated and performed with Heart, Ozzy Osbourne, Metallica, Pantera, Circus of Power, Metal Church, Gov't Mule, Damageplan, Pearl Jam, The Cult, Stone Temple Pilots, Danzig, Glenn Hughes, Duff McKagan and Deftones, among others.\nCantrell was named \"Riff Lord\" by British hard rock/metal magazine Metal Hammer in 2006. Guitar World Magazine ranked Cantrell as the 38th out of \"100 Greatest Heavy Metal Guitarists of All Time\" in 2004, and the 37th \"Greatest Guitar Player of All Time\" in 2012. Guitar World also ranked Cantrell's solo in \"Man In The Box\" at No. 77 on its list of \"100 Greatest Guitar Solos\" in 2008.He also contributed to the soundtrack of The Cable Guy (1996), John Wick: Chapter 2 (2017) and Dark Nights: Metal (2018), and has made cameos in films such as Jerry Maguire (1996), Rock Slyde (2009) and Deadwood: The Movie. Cantrell also acted in the Alice in Chains mockumentaries The Nona Tapes (1995) and AIC 23 (2013).\n\n", "Q3367868": "Fulham () is an area of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in South West London, England, 3.7 miles (6.0 km) south-west of Charing Cross. It lies on the north bank of the River Thames, between Hammersmith and Kensington and Chelsea, facing Wandsworth, Putney and Barn Elms, with the London Wetland Centre in Barnes.Fulham has a history of industry and enterprise dating back to the 15th century, with pottery, tapestry-weaving, paper-making and brewing in the 17th and 18th centuries in present-day Fulham High Street, and later involvement in the automotive industry, early aviation, food production, and laundries. In the 19th-century there was glass-blowing and this resurged in the 21st-century with the Aronson-Noon studio and Zest gallery in Rickett Street that fell victim to the so-called 'Earl's Court Regeneration' scheme in 2012.\nLillie Bridge Depot, a railway engineering depot opened in 1872, is associated with the building and extension of the London Underground, the electrification of Tube lines from the nearby Lots Road Power Station, and for well over a century has been the maintenance hub for rolling stock and track.Two football clubs, Fulham and Chelsea, play in Fulham. There are two exclusive sporting clubs, the Hurlingham Club, known for polo, and the Queen's tennis club, known for its annual pre-Wimbledon tennis tournament.In the 1800s, Lillie Bridge Grounds hosted the first meetings of the Amateur Athletic Association of England, the second FA Cup Final, and the first amateur boxing matches.The Lillie Bridge area was the home ground of the Middlesex County Cricket Club, before it moved to Marylebone.Since the late 20th-century Fulham has a reputation as one of the most sought-after locations in London and has the highest capital values per square foot of prime South West London. Fulham is considered a prime London area by estate agents.", "Q236083": "Suwa\u0142ki [su\u02c8vau\u032fk\u02b2i] (listen) (Lithuanian: Suvalkai; Yiddish: \u05e1\u05d5\u05d0\u05d5\u05d5\u05d0\u05b7\u05dc\u05e7\u200e, German: Suwalken, 1941\u20131944 Sudauen) is a city in northeastern Poland with a population of 69,420 (2011). It is the capital of Suwa\u0142ki County and one of the most important centers of commerce in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Suwa\u0142ki is the largest city and the capital of the historical Suwa\u0142ki Region. Until 1999 it was the capital of Suwa\u0142ki Voivodeship. Suwa\u0142ki is located about 30 kilometres (19 miles) from the southwestern Lithuanian border and gives its name to the Polish protected area known as Suwa\u0142ki Landscape Park. The Czarna Ha\u0144cza river flows through the city.", "Q219060": "Palestine (Arabic: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u200e Filas\u1e6d\u012bn), recognized officially as the State of Palestine (Arabic: \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u200e Dawlat Filas\u1e6d\u012bn) by the United Nations and other entities, is a de jure sovereign state in Western Asia claiming the West Bank (bordering Israel and Jordan) and Gaza Strip (bordering Israel and Egypt) with East Jerusalem as the designated capital, although its administrative center is currently located in Ramallah. The entirety of territory claimed by the State of Palestine has been occupied since 1948, first by Egypt and Jordan and then by Israel after the Six-Day War in 1967. Palestine has a population of 5,051,953 as of February 2020, ranked 121st in the world.After World War II, in 1947, the UN adopted a Partition Plan for Mandatory Palestine recommending the creation of independent Arab and Jewish states and an internationalized Jerusalem. After the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel on 14 May 1948, neighboring Arab armies invaded the former British mandate on the next day and fought the Israeli forces. Later, the All-Palestine Government was established by the Arab League on 22 September 1948 to govern the Egyptian-controlled enclave in Gaza. It was soon recognized by all Arab League members except Transjordan. Though jurisdiction of the Government was declared to cover the whole of the former Mandatory Palestine, its effective jurisdiction was limited to the Gaza Strip. Israel later captured the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria in June 1967 following the Six-Day War.\nOn 15 November 1988, Yasser Arafat, Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), in Algiers proclaimed the establishment of the State of Palestine. A year after the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993, the Palestinian National Authority was formed to govern the areas A and B in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Gaza would later be ruled by Hamas in 2007, two years after the Israeli withdrawal from Gaza.\nThe State of Palestine is recognized by 138 UN members and since 2012 has a status of a non-member observer state in the United Nations. Palestine is a member of the Arab League, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, G77, and the International Olympic Committee and other international bodies.", "Q40143": "Janeane Marie Garofalo (; born September 28, 1964) is an American actress, voice artist, stand-up comedian, and writer. Garofalo began her career as a stand-up comedian and became a cast member on The Ben Stiller Show, The Larry Sanders Show, and Saturday Night Live, then appeared in more than 50 movies, with leading or major roles in The Truth About Cats and Dogs, Wet Hot American Summer, The Matchmaker, Reality Bites, Steal This Movie!, Clay Pigeons, Sweethearts, Mystery Men, and The Independent, among numerous others. She has been a series regular on television programs such as Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp, 24, and Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce.\nGarofalo is an outspoken progressive activist. From March 2004 to July 2006, she hosted Air America Radio's The Majority Report with Sam Seder.", "Q3476294": "Scott William Rasmussen (born March 30, 1956) is an American political analyst and digital media entrepreneur. Rasmussen is the publisher of ScottRasmussen.com, a public opinion website that debuted in 2018 with research firm HarrisX and produces the Daily Tracking Poll. He also serves as Editor-at-Large for Ballotpedia, where he writes the Number of the Day Feature.Rasmussen was the founder of Rasmussen Reports, where he served as pollster and president for 10 years until leaving the company in 2013 to write. Earlier in his professional life, Rasmussen co-founded the sports network ESPN. After leaving Rasmussen Reports, Rasmussen founded Rasmussen Media Group, working as a political analyst, author, public speaker and columnist. He is also a Senior Fellow at The King\u2019s College in New York City, where he is responsible for development at the Institute for Community Driven Solutions.Rasmussen is a New York Times bestselling author and speaker, and his political commentary is distributed through a nationally syndicated weekly newspaper column. His most recent book publication is entitled The Sun is Still Rising: Politics Has Failed But America Will Not and was released in 2018.", "Q1356214": "Ga\u00ebl Duval (born 1973) is a French entrepreneur. In July 1998, he created Mandrake Linux (now Mandriva Linux), a Linux distribution originally based on Red Hat Linux and KDE. He was also a co-founder of MandrakeSoft (now merged in Mandriva) with Jacques Le Marois and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bastok.\nGa\u00ebl Duval was responsible for communication in the Mandriva management team until he was laid off by the company in March 2006, in a round of cost-cutting. Duval suspected part of the reason for his dismissal was disagreement with management over the company's future strategy, resulting in a lawsuit against the company.As of 2006, Duval is Chairman and Chief Technology Officer at Ulteo. The company is bought by AZNetwork group in 2015.In 2016, he co-founded NFactory.io, an incubator-accelerator of \"startups\".In November 2017, Gael Duval created the /e/ mobile operating system, which is a privacy-oriented fork of the Android-based LineageOS accompanied with a set of online services. In 2018, Duval founded the E Foundation, which maintains /e/.\n\n", "Q462689": "Refik Halit Karay (15 June 1888 \u2013 18 March 1965) was a Turkish educator, writer and journalist.", "Q84667": "Count Karl von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (5 January 1739 \u2013 5 January 1813) was a Saxon-Austrian civil servant. He served the government of Austria in a variety of capacities, including as governor of Trieste, and rose to high rank at the Habsburg court. His massive diary, written daily over a period of about 66 years, is an important historical documentary source for his era, both in politics and in the arts.", "Q508444": "Annam\u00e1ria Szalai (16 September 1961 \u2013 12 April 2013) was a Hungarian journalist, politician, Member of Parliament (MP) for Zala County, Fidesz (1998\u20132004). She became a member of the National Radio and Television Commission (ORTT) in 2004, and as a result resigned from her parliamentary seat. Szalai served as President of the National Media and Infocommunications Authority (NMHH) from 2010 until her death.", "Q165463": "Branko Gr\u010di\u0107 (born 16 April 1964) is a Croatian politician and economist. In 1987 he graduated on the Faculty of Economics in the University of Split. He got his masters degree in economics in 1990 and received a Doctorate on the same university in 1996. Since 2005 he had been a regular professor and later became Dean of the Faculty of Economics in Split. He has published over 60 scientific works focusing on macroeconomics and regional economics. He is a member of the Croatian branch of the European Regional Science Association. From December 23, 2011 to January 22, 2016 he has been the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Regional Development and EU Funds in the centre left Cabinet of Zoran Milanovi\u0107.", "Q924255": "The Enumclaw horse sex case was a series of incidents in 2005 involving Kenneth Pinyan (1960\u20132005), an engineer who worked for Boeing and resided in Gig Harbor, Washington; James Michael Tait, a truck driver; and unidentified other men. Pinyan and Tait filmed and distributed zoophilic pornography of Pinyan receiving anal sex from a stallion under the alias \"Mr. Hands\". After engaging in this activity on multiple occasions over an unknown span of time, Pinyan received fatal internal injuries in one such incident.\nThe story was reported in The Seattle Times and was one of that paper's most read stories of 2005. It was informally referred to as the \"Enumclaw horse sex case\".Pinyan's death rapidly prompted the passing of a bill in Washington prohibiting both sex with animals and the videotaping of such an act. Under current Washington law, bestiality is now a Class C felony punishable by up to five years in prison.\n\n", "Q1346007": "Henry Clifton Sorby (10 May 1826 \u2013 9 March 1908), was an English microscopist and geologist. His major contribution was the development of techniques for studying iron and steel with microscopes. This paved the way for the mass production of steel.\n\n", "Q1444339": "Francis John Tovey (8 September 1956 \u2013 3 April 2002), known also by his stage name Fad Gadget, was a British avant-garde electronic musician and vocalist. He was a proponent of both new wave and early industrial music, fusing together a unique blend of pop structured songs mixed with mechanised experimentation.\nAs Fad Gadget, his music was characterised by the use of synthesizers in conjunction with sounds of found objects, including drills and electric razors. His bleak, sarcastic and darkly humorous lyrics were filled with biting social commentary toward subjects such as machinery, industrialisation, consumerism, human sexuality, mass media, religion, domestic violence and dehumanization while often being sung in a deadpan voice.", "Q117793": "Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Meyer-Kaelin (born 17 May 1948 in Ch\u00e2tel-Saint-Denis) is a Swiss politician. She is a member of the Swiss National Council and President of the National Council for 2005. \nChristian-democratic member of the local Parliament of Estavayer-le-Lac from 1980 to 1982. Member of the Municipal council from 1982 to 1991. Mayor of Estavayer-le-Lac from 1991 to 1991. Member of the cantonal Parliament of Fribourg from 1996 to 1999. Became member of the National Council after Joseph Deiss' election to the Federal Council. Speaker from 8 March 2005 to 28 November 2005 after Jean-Philippe Maitre's retirement for health reasons. Paid official visits to Austria, Tunisia and Ireland. Attended the second summit of Speakers in New York in September 2005.\nMember of the Committee for Health and Social Security since 1999 and then also of the Committee for Political Institutions from 2003 to date. From 1999\u20132003, member of the French Speaking Parliamentarians Assembly.\nMeyer is married to Dr. Claude Meyer and mother of three.", "Q555757": "Jos\u00e9 Gomes Ferreira, GOSE, GOL (9 July 1900 \u2013 1985) was a Portuguese poet and fiction writer with a vast work of varied influences. Gomes Ferreira was also a political activist that participated in the resistance against the dictatorship of Oliveira Salazar, becoming later a member of the Portuguese Communist Party. In the late 1970s he occupied the presidency of the Portuguese Writers Association.\nA native of Porto, Ferreira graduated in law in 1924 and became a consul in Norway in the late 1920s. Soon after, became a journalist and published his works on several progressive magazines. After the rising of the right-wing dictatorship led by Salazar, Ferreira acquainted himself with the democratic resistance movements. During the later years of the regime, he continued publishing and saw his poetic work recognized by his peers. After the democratic Carnation Revolution, Ferreira joined the Communist Party and continued his work until the mid-1980s.\nHis artistic work was representative of his concern with social problems, a mirror of his leftwing ideology. His poetry had varied influences, ranging from neorealism to surrealism, in a dialectic relation between his own ego and the need to share other people suffering.", "Q128563": "Martin Brian Mulroney (; born March 20, 1939) is a Canadian politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993. His tenure as prime minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement and the Goods and Services Tax. Prior to his political career, he was a prominent lawyer and businessman in Montreal. He later ran for the Progressive Conservatives and won in a landslide in the 1984 Canadian federal election, defeating John Turner of the Liberals and Ed Broadbent of the NDP, not only winning every single province and territory but also capturing over 50% of the vote for the first time since 1958 and increasing his party's seats by 111, up to 211 seats, the highest amount of seats won by any party in Canadian history. The 6.3 million votes won by Mulroney also remained a record until the Liberals' victory in 2015. Throughout his political career, Mulroney's fluency in English and French gave him a decisive advantage.He brought forth a constitutional reform, the Meech Lake Accord, in 1987, meant to persuade the government of Quebec to endorse the 1982 constitutional amendments. It was not ratified by the provincial governments of Manitoba and Newfoundland before the June ratification deadline, and thus met its demise in 1990. This loss led to another round of meetings in Charlottetown in 1991 and 1992. These negotiations culminated in Mulroney introducing the Charlottetown Accord, which would create extensive changes to the constitution, including recognition of Quebec as a distinct society. However, the agreement was defeated by a large margin in a national referendum in October 1992. Many blamed the GST battle and Mulroney's rising unpopularity for the fall of the Accord. The end of the Meech Lake Accord in 1990 created division in the country and sparked a revival of Quebec separatism, culminating in the creation and rise of the Bloc Quebecois (BQ).In foreign policy, Mulroney opposed the apartheid regime in South Africa and he met with many of the regime's opposition leaders throughout his tenure. His position put him at odds with the American and British governments, but also won him respect elsewhere. He led the Western response to the 1984\u20131985 famine in Ethiopia, to strong public reaction. Canada's response was overwhelming and led the US and Britain to follow suit almost immediately \u2014 an unprecedented situation in foreign affairs at that time in a country that had previously been isolated by Western governments. The Mulroney government was also strongly against the U.S. intervention in Nicaragua under Reagan, and accepted refugees from El Salvador, Guatemala, and other countries with repressive regimes that were supported by the Reagan administration. On December 2, 1991, Canada became the first Western nation to recognize Ukraine as an independent country, next day after the landslide referendum in favour of independence in Ukraine.\nDuring his first term, the Air India Flight 182 bombing occurred. This was the largest terrorist act of the time, with the majority of the 329 victims being Canadian citizens. Mulroney sent a letter of condolence to then Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, which sparked an uproar in Canada since he did not call families of the actual victims to offer condolences. Gandhi replied that he should be the one providing condolences to Mulroney, given that the majority of victims were Canadians. There were several warnings from the Indian government to the Mulroney government about terrorist threats towards Air India flights, which raised questions as to why these warnings were not taken more seriously and whether the events leading to the bombing could have been prevented.On the environment, Mulroney made it a key focus of his government, and moved Canada to become the first industrialized country to ratify both the biodiversity convention and the climate change convention, which were agreed to at the United Nations Conference on the Environment. His government added significant new national parks (Bruce Peninsula, South Moresby, and Grasslands) and passed the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act and the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. In response to the decline of cod in Atlantic Canada, the Mulroney government imposed a moratorium on the cod fishery there, putting an end to a large portion of the Newfoundland fishing industry. This caused rising economic hardship. His government instituted various programs designed to mitigate these problems, but still started to become deeply unpopular in the Atlantic provinces.\nOn social issues, Mulroney opposed capital punishment and attempted a compromise on abortion, to the dismay of social conservatives.Mulroney's second term was marked by an economic recession. He proposed the introduction of a national sales tax, the Goods and Services Tax (GST). When it was introduced in 1991, it replaced the Manufacturers' Sales Tax (MST), which was previously applied to goods manufactured in Canada. This was contentious among the Senate, and public polling showed that as many as 80% of Canadians were opposed to it. Mulroney then used Section 26, a Constitutional provision, to allow him in an emergency situation to ask the Queen to appoint 8 new Senators. Although the government argued that the tax was not a tax increase, but a tax shift, the highly visible nature of the tax was extremely unpopular, and many resented Mulroney's use of an \"emergency\" clause in the constitution. Fiscal conservatives likewise did not approve of Mulroney's tax increases and his failure to curtail expansion of \"big government\" programs and political patronage. This caused a stark decline in Mulroney's popularity, which induced him to resign and hand over his power to Kim Campbell, who became the 19th Prime Minister of Canada on June 25, 1993.\nBrian Mulroney is also particularly famous for delivering one of the few \"knockout blows\" in Canadian debate history by commenting \"You had an option, sir\" over John Turner's appointments. Turner froze and wilted under this withering riposte from Mulroney, and only could repeat \"I had no option.\" A visibly angry Mulroney then called this \"an avowal of failure\" and \"a confession of non-leadership\".\nMulroney's legacy is complicated and even emotional. Mulroney makes the case that his once-radical policies on the economy and free trade were not reversed by subsequent governments, and regards this as vindication. His Deputy Prime Minister Don Mazankowski made a claim that his greatest accomplishment will be seen as, \"Dragging Canada kicking and screaming into the 21st century.\" Military historians Norman Hillmer and J.L. Granatstein ranked Mulroney eighth among Canada's prime ministers in their 1999 book Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders. Former Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois leader Michel Gauthier considered Brian Mulroney to be the greatest prime minister Canada has known in the last 50 years due to its political projects taken by him such as Meech Lake accord, the fight against apartheid, an economic project, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and a fiscal project, which was to put the finances of the state back in order, and also pointed out that there was no constitutional quarrel between the federal and Quebec Government. In 2006, he was proclaimed Canada\u2019s greenest prime minister by a survey of environmentalists, due to his efforts such as the Canada-U.S. acid rain treaty, an ambitious environmental agenda, the creation of eight new national parks, and the ratification of the Environmental Protection Act.", "Q545544": "Richard Le Gallienne (20 January 1866 \u2013 15 September 1947) was an English author and poet. The British-American actress Eva Le Gallienne (1899\u20131991) was his daughter, by his second marriage to Danish journalist Julie N\u00f8rregaard (1863-1942).", "Q966066": "Maldita Nerea (English: Darn Nerea) is a Spanish pop/rock band.\n\n", "Q202326": "The Godfather Part III is a 1990 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from the screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo. It is the third and final installment in The Godfather trilogy. A sequel to The Godfather (1972) and The Godfather Part II (1974), it completes the story of Michael Corleone, the patriarch of the Corleone family, who attempts to legitimize his criminal empire. The film also includes fictionalized accounts of two real-life events: the 1978 death of Pope John Paul I and the Papal banking scandal of 1981\u201382, both linked to Michael Corleone's business affairs. The film stars Al Pacino, Diane Keaton, Talia Shire, and Andy Garc\u00eda, Eli Wallach, Joe Mantegna, Bridget Fonda, George Hamilton, and Sofia Coppola.\nCoppola and Puzo preferred the title The Death of Michael Corleone; Paramount Pictures found that unacceptable. Coppola considers the series as two films with Part III as the epilogue. The Godfather Part III received generally positive reviews, albeit less than the critical acclaim that the first two films received. The film was distributed by the same company as the first two films, Paramount Pictures, premiering in Beverly Hills on December 20, 1990, and released in the United States on December 25, 1990. It grossed $136,766,062 and was nominated for seven Academy Awards, failing to win any, the only film in the trilogy to do so.", "Q242702": "Archana \"Archie\" Panjabi (born 31 May 1972) is an English actress. She has had various roles in both UK and US television including as Mya Roy in Life on Mars and Kalinda Sharma in The Good Wife. Her portrayal earned her a Primetime Emmy Award in 2010 and an NAACP Image Award in 2012, as well as two further Emmy nominations, one Golden Globe nomination, and three Screen Actors Guild Award nominations shared with the cast. Panjabi is the first ever Asian actor and Asian woman to win a primetime emmy for acting. Additional notable roles include Meenah Khan in East is East (1999), Pinky Bhamra in Bend It Like Beckham (2002), Yasmin Husseini in Yasmin (2005), and Asra Nomani in A Mighty Heart (2007).", "Q346216": "Ada Mar\u00eda Elflein (Buenos Aires, February 22, 1880 \u2013 ibid., July 24, 1919) was an Argentine poet, columnist, translator, feminist and teacher.\nHer first works were mainly Children's literature. Based on her work as a journalist, she was appointed a member of Journalism National Academy (Academia Nacional de Periodismo)[1]. Some schools, libraries and streets have her name.", "Q447421": "George Edward Olsen, Sr. (March 18, 1893 - March 18, 1971) was an American bandleader.\nBorn in Portland, Oregon, Olsen played the drums and attended the University of Michigan, where he was drum major. There he formed his band, George Olsen and his Music, which continued in the Portland area. The group's debut hotel engagement came at the Multnowah Hotel in Portland. He then made the cross-county transition to Broadway, appearing in Kid Boots (1923), the Ziegfeld Follies of 1924, Ziegfeld Follies of 1925, and Good News (1927).George Olsen and his Music were prolific Victor recording artists and their records are among the most numerous found by record collectors today, testifying to their original popularity. He and his orchestra were in Eddie Cantor's 1928 Broadway hit Whoopee!, and in the 1930 movie version. In the Follies George met a singer, Ethel Shutta, who sings and dances memorably in Whoopee!, and they married, appearing together in nightclubs and on radio. They had two children, George, Jr. and Charles; following a divorce, Olsen opened a restaurant in Paramus, New Jersey. Olsen and Shutta were heard on the Oldsmobile Program on CBS radio in 1933. He also was an orchestra leader for The Jack Benny Program on radio.\n\nOlsen signed with Victor in 1924 and remained as one of Victor's most popular bands until 1933 when he signed with Columbia. He stayed with Columbia through January, 1934. He recorded a single session in 1938 for Decca, and one final date for the rare Varsity label in 1940.\nOlsen's bands produced few stars. Singer-saxophonist Fred MacMurray passed through in 1930 on his way to eventual movie stardom, recording a vocal on I'm in the Market for You. Olsen's long-time alto saxist and singer, Fran Frey, with his distinctive, reedy bass-baritone, was perhaps the best known Olsenite until he left in 1933 for a career as a music director in radio.\nIn 1936, Olsen became leader of Orville Knapp's band after Knapp died in a plane crash. Olsen was chosen to lead the band by Knapp's widow. Morale problems plagued the group, and in 1938, after many musicians had already left, the group disbanded.\nA resident of Paramus, New Jersey, Olsen ran a popular local restaurant there on Paramus Road for many years before he died there on March 18, 1971. According to John S. Wilson in The New York Times, reviewing a retrospective of Olsen's recording \"George Olsen and His Music\" on RCA-Victor, in 1968, Olsen had a restaurant in Paramus, NJ called \"George Olsen's\". Wilson noted that \"Olsen is there every day greeting guests at lunch and dinner... In the background, the original George Olsen records of the Twenties play softly.After his divorce from Shutta, Olsen married Claralee Pilcer.", "Q281749": "Stroud is a market town and civil parish in the centre of Gloucestershire, England. It is the main town in Stroud District.\nSituated below the western escarpment of the Cotswold Hills at the meeting point of the Five Valleys, the town is noted for its steep streets, independent spirit and cafe culture. The Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty surrounds the town, and the Cotswold Way path passes by it to the west. It lies 10 miles (16 km) south of the city of Gloucester, 14 miles (23 km) south-southwest of Cheltenham, 13 miles (21 km) west-northwest of Cirencester and 26 miles (42 km) northeast of the city of Bristol. London is 91 miles (146 km) east-southeast of Stroud and the Welsh border at Whitebrook, Monmouthshire, lies 19 miles (31 km) to the west as the crow flies. Although not part of the town's parish, the civil parishes of Rodborough and Cainscross are contiguous with Stroud and are generally considered as suburbs.\nStroud acts as a centre for surrounding villages and small market towns including Amberley, Bisley, Bussage, Chalford, Dursley, Eastcombe, Eastington, King's Stanley, Leonard Stanley, Minchinhampton, Nailsworth, Oakridge, Painswick, Randwick, Selsley, Sheepscombe, Slad, Stonehouse, Brimscombe & Thrupp and Woodchester.\n\n", "Q168147": "Zbigniew Jan Pietrzykowski (4 October 1934 \u2013 19 May 2014) was a Polish boxer.Three times he took part in the Olympic Games, every time winning a medal. He won a bronze medal at Melbourne 1956 in the light middleweight division, after losing in the semi-final to Hungarian L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Papp. Four years later in Rome, he reached the final of the light heavyweight division, where he lost to Cassius Clay, who was 8 years younger. Finally, he won a bronze medal in Tokyo in 1964, in the light heavyweight division (defeated by Soviet Aleksei Kiselyov).\nHe participated five times at the European Amateur Boxing Championships and won five medals: a bronze in the light middleweight division at Warsaw 1953, and then four gold medals: at West Berlin 1955 in the light middleweight division, at Prague 1957 in the middleweight division, and at Lucerne 1959 and at Moscow 1963 in the light heavyweight division.\nEleven times he won the championship of Poland: in the light middleweight division in 1954, 1955 and 1956, in the middleweight division in 1957 and in the light heavyweight division in 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 and 1965.\nPietrzykowski was also a champion in relation to his performances in the national Polish team. He fought 44 times, winning 42 times and losing twice.\nIn his career, he fought 350 fights; he won 334, drew 2 and lost 14.\nPietrzykowski was the first winner of the Aleksander Reksza Boxing Award in 1986.", "Q1871079": "Lieutenant-General Sir Lothian Nicholson (19 January 1827 \u2013 27 June 1893) was Governor of Gibraltar.", "Q822630": "Bernard Natan (born Natan Tannenzaft; July 14, 1886 \u2013 October 1942) was a Franco-Romanian film entrepreneur, director and actor of the 1920s and 1930s. He was once said by historians to be one of the earliest (if not the earliest) pornographic film directors and porn stars, although there is now considerable doubt about this. Natan certainly worked in mainstream cinema from his youngest days, working his way up from projectionist and chemist to cinematographer and producer. He eventually acquired the giant French motion picture studio Path\u00e9 in 1929. Path\u00e9 collapsed in 1935, and Natan was convicted of fraud. However, he laid the foundation for the modern film industry in France and helped revolutionize film technology around the world. Natan died after being transported to Auschwitz concentration camp.", "Q377975": "Maryborough is a city and a suburb in the Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It is located on the Mary River in Queensland, Australia, approximately 255 kilometres (160 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane. The city is served by the Bruce Highway. It is closely tied to its neighbour city Hervey Bay which is approximately 30 kilometres (20 mi) northeast. Together they form part of the area known as the Fraser Coast. As of June 2018 Maryborough had an estimated urban population of 27,282, having grown slightly at an annual average of 0.12% year-on-year over the preceding five years. The city was the location for the 2013 Australian Scout Jamboree.", "Q110942": "Alan Graham MacDiarmid, ONZ FRS (14 April 1927 \u2013 7 February 2007) was a New Zealand-born American chemist, and one of three recipients of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2000.", "Q14274": "Aarau (German: [\u02c8a\u02d0ra\u028a], Swiss German: [\u02c8\u0251\u02d0r\u00e6u\u032f]) is a town, a municipality, and the capital of the northern Swiss canton of Aargau. The town is also the capital of the district of Aarau. It is German-speaking and predominantly Protestant. Aarau is situated on the Swiss plateau, in the valley of the Aare, on the river's right bank, and at the southern foot of the Jura Mountains, and is west of Z\u00fcrich, and 65 kilometres (40 mi) northeast of Bern. The municipality borders directly on the canton of Solothurn to the west. It is the largest town in Aargau. At the beginning of 2010 Rohr became a district of Aarau.The official language of Aarau is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q120881": "Evi Allemann (born 16 July 1978 in Bern; originally from Welschenrohr) is a Swiss politician of the Social Democratic Party.", "Q9316": "Sikhism (; Punjabi: \u0a38\u0a3f\u0a71\u0a16\u0a40), or Sikhi (Sikkh\u012b, pronounced [\u02c8s\u026ak\u02d0\u02b0i\u02d0], from Sikh, meaning a \"disciple\", \"seeker,\" or \"learner\"), is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent around the end of the 15th century.Sikhism is one of the youngest of the major world religions and is the world's fifth largest organized religion, as well as being the world's ninth-largest overall religion. The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in the sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib, include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator, divine unity and equality of all humankind, engaging in selfless service, striving for justice for the benefit and prosperity of all and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life. As of the early 21st century, there are about 25 million Sikhs.Sikhism is based on the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak, the first Guru (1469\u20131539), and the nine Sikh gurus that succeeded him. The tenth Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, named the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib as his successor, terminating the line of human Gurus and making the scripture the eternal, religious spiritual guide for Sikhs. Sikhism rejects claims that any particular religious tradition has a monopoly on Absolute Truth.The Sikh scripture opens with Ik Onkar (\u0a74), its Mul Mantar and fundamental prayer about One Supreme Being (God). Sikhism emphasizes simran (meditation on the words of the Guru Granth Sahib), that can be expressed musically through kirtan or internally through Nam Japo (repeat God's name) as a means to feel God's presence. It teaches followers to transform the \"Five Thieves\" (lust, rage, greed, attachment, and ego). Guru Nanak taught that living an \"active, creative, and practical life\" of \"truthfulness, fidelity, self-control and purity\" is above the metaphysical truth, and that the ideal man is one who \"establishes union with God, knows His Will, and carries out that Will\". Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh Guru, established the political/temporal (Miri) and spiritual (Piri) realms to be mutually coexistent.\nSikhism evolved in times of religious persecution. Two of the Sikh gurus \u2013 Guru Arjan (1563\u20131605) and Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621\u20131675) \u2013 were tortured and executed by the Mughal rulers after they refused to convert to Islam. The persecution of Sikhs triggered the founding of the Khalsa as an order to protect the freedom of conscience and religion, with qualities of a \"Sant-Sip\u0101h\u012b\" \u2013 a saint-soldier. The Khalsa was founded by the last Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh.", "Q96505": "Claude Frank (born Claus Johannes Frank; December 24, 1925 \u2013 December 27, 2014) was a German-born American pianist.", "Q311428": "Julio Mar\u00eda Sanguinetti Coirolo (born 6 January 1936 in Montevideo, Uruguay) is a Uruguayan politician, lawyer and journalist, who served as President of Uruguay (from March 1985 until March 1990, and, again, from March 1995 until March 2000) for the Partido Colorado.\nA lawyer and journalist by profession, he was born into a middle-class family of Italian origin from Genoa. He studied Law and Social Sciences at the University of Montevideo. He received his law degree in 1961, and later combined his legal practice with work as a journalist. He had already been writing for the press, first in the weekly Canelones and later, since 1955, as a columnist for Acci\u00f3n, a newspaper established by the then-President, Luis Batlle, for which he covered events such as the Cuban Revolution (1959) and carried on until the 1970s.\nBoth media outlets were connected to the Colorado Political Party (Partido Colorado - PC), the historical liberal grouping where progressive and conservative sensitivities shared ground (a mixture of doctrines and styles that was frequently an obstacle to classifying it according to ideology) and which had as its rival the experienced National Party (PN) or Blancos (\"Whites\"), creating a 2-party system that dominated Uruguayan politics during its history, although on most occasions the governing force was the PC.", "Q233845": "Gale Sondergaard (born Edith Holm Sondergaard; February 15, 1899 \u2013 August 14, 1985) was an American actress.\nSondergaard began her acting career in theater, and progressed to films in 1936. She was the first recipient of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her film debut in Anthony Adverse (1936). She regularly played supporting roles in films during the late 1930s and 1940s, including The Cat and the Canary (1939), The Mark of Zorro (1940) and The Letter (1940). For her role in Anna and the King of Siam (1946), she was nominated for her second Best Supporting Actress Academy Award. After the late 1940s, her screen work came to an abrupt end for the next 20 years.\nMarried to the director Herbert Biberman, Sondergaard supported him when he was accused of communism and named as one of the Hollywood Ten in the early 1950s. She moved with Biberman to New York City and worked in theatre, and acted in film and television occasionally from the late 1960s. She moved back to Los Angeles where she died from cerebrovascular thrombosis.", "Q98528": "Henry William Ferdinand Bolckow, originally Heinrich Wilhelm Ferdinand B\u00f6lckow, (8 December 1806 \u2013 18 June 1878) was a Victorian industrialist and Member of Parliament, acknowledged as being one of the founders of modern Middlesbrough.\nIn a lifelong partnership with John Vaughan, Bolckow set up and ran an ironmaking business which became the company Bolckow Vaughan. It came to operate coal mines, limestone quarries and a major ironworks which stimulated the growth of Middlesbrough. Bolckow became the town's Mayor and its first Member of Parliament.", "Q428780": "Prisoner of the Volga is a 1959 adventure film starring John Derek. He plays an officer in the time of the Tsar who is sentenced to Siberia.", "Q202440": "Atlantic Recording Corporation (simply known as Atlantic Records) is an American record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Erteg\u00fcn and Herb Abramson. Over its first 20 years of operation, Atlantic earned a reputation as one of the most important American labels, specializing in jazz, R&B, and soul by Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, Wilson Pickett, Sam and Dave, Ruth Brown and Otis Redding. Its position was greatly improved by its distribution deal with Stax. In 1967, Atlantic became a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, now the Warner Music Group, and expanded into rock and pop music with releases by Led Zeppelin and Yes.\nIn 2004, Atlantic and its sister label Elektra were merged into Atlantic Records Group. Craig Kallman is the chairman of Atlantic. Ahmet Erteg\u00fcn served as founding chairman until his death on December 14, 2006, at age 83.", "Q3205747": "L'Ile Mysterieuse / La Isla misteriosa y el capit\u00e1n Nemo / Die Geheimnisvolle Insel (The Mysterious Island) is a 1973 European film (96 minutes) adapted from Jules Verne's novel L'\u00cele myst\u00e9rieuse. This version was directed by Juan Antonio Bardem and Henri Colpi and featured Omar Sharif as Captain Nemo.\nIt was a recut from a TV series of the same year.\nIt turned out to be one of the most remarkable Jules Verne adaptations for remaining unusually faithful to the original book, including the exterior design of the Nautilus.\nDeviations from the original book were either limited to budget restrictions or moderate artistic liberty: While it seems not credible that the Nemo of the book achieved various, physically demanding stunts (considering he was weakened and subsequently dying of old age), Omar Sharif is much younger, relies on what's left of his crew (killed by some kind of disease, most likely radiation poisoning) and eventually shares the same fate as his alter ego James Mason in the Disney version of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.", "Q261865": "Mona Marshall (born August 31, 1947), is an American voice actress known for her work in a number of cartoons, anime shows, films and video games. Her major credits include South Park, where she voices many of the female characters on the show; Fraggle Rock: The Animated Series, CBS Storybreak, and Digimon. She has also appeared on-stage for television shows such as Cheers and Who's the Boss?", "Q94312": "Werner Kofler (July 23, 1947 \u2013 December 8, 2011) was an Austrian novelist was born in Villach, Austria, and died in Vienna.", "Q354174": "Clive Burr (8 March 1957 \u2013 12 March 2013) was an English drummer. He was a member of Iron Maiden from 1979 to 1982.", "Q2408311": "Thaddeus Coleman Pound (December 6, 1832 \u2013 November 20 or 21, 1914) was an American businessman from Wisconsin who served in both houses of the Wisconsin legislature, as the tenth Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin, and as a U.S. Representative (1877\u20131883). His brother was Albert Pound, who also served in the Wisconsin Assembly. He was the grandfather of poet Ezra Pound.", "Q57359": "Pablo Calvo Hidalgo (16 March 1948 \u2013 1 February 2000), better known as Pablito Calvo, was a Spanish child actor. After the international success of Marcelino, pan y vino, where he won a Cannes Film Festival award (1955), he became Spain's most famous child actor. He did five more films including Mi t\u00edo Jacinto (1956) and Un \u00e1ngel pas\u00f3 por Brooklyn (1957), even Toto and Marcellino (1958) in Italy, with Tot\u00f2.\nRetired from acting at the age of 16 to become an industrial engineer later, he worked in tourism and promoting buildings in Torrevieja. Calvo sang in a few films, but his singing voice was always dubbed on screen, in Spain by a woman, Matilde F. Vilari\u00f1o.\nHe died on 1 February 2000 from a brain aneurysm at aged 51.", "Q292735": "Fanny Valette (born 4 July 1986) is a French actress. \nIn January 2011 she parodied herself in the video to Max Boublil's comic song J'aime les moches (\"I like ugly girls\").", "Q76397": "Eduard Zimmermann (4 February 1929 \u2013 19 September 2009) was a German journalist, television presenter and security expert.", "Q125721": "Prince Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice (Emanuele Filiberto Umberto Reza Ciro Ren\u00e9 Maria di Savoia; born 22 June 1972), usually called Emanuele Filiberto di Savoia, is a member of the House of Savoy. He is the son and heir of Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia and only male-line grandson of Umberto II, the last King of Italy. In his latter days, Umberto II created and gave the title of \"Prince of Venice\" to his grandson Emanuele Filiberto, but as heir-apparent to the disputed headship of the House of Savoy, Emanuele Filiberto also styles himself as \"Prince of Piedmont\".Emanuele Filiberto grew up as an exile from Italy, in accordance with the provision of the Italian constitution prohibiting the male issue of the Savoy kings of Italy from entering or staying on Italian territory. Since returning to Italy he has made many appearances on national television, including his participation as a contestant in Ballando con le stelle (the Italian version of Dancing with the Stars), and the Sanremo Music Festival.\nHe is married to French actress Clotilde Courau.", "Q443121": "Yvette Vickers (born Yvette Iola Vedder; August 26, 1928 \u2013 c.\u20092010) was an American actress, pin-up model and singer.", "Q285249": "Ann Clwyd Roberts (born 21 March 1937) is a Welsh Labour Party politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Cynon Valley from 1984 until 2019. Although she had intended to stand down in 2015, she was re-elected in that year's general election and in 2017 before standing down in 2019.\n\n", "Q711807": "Wang Yongzhi (simplified Chinese: \u738b\u6c38\u5fd7; traditional Chinese: \u738b\u6c38\u8a8c; pinyin: W\u00e1ng Y\u01d2ngzh\u00ec; born 17 November 1932), born in Changtu County, Liaoning, China, is an aerospace scientist and academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is notable for being the general architect and designer of China's first manned spacecraft Shenzhou 5 and Shenzhou 6. In 2003, he was awarded the nation's highest scientific and technological prize, State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, by President Hu Jintao. Wang Yongzhi graduated from Moscow Aviation Institute in 1961.", "Q49167": "Wesleyan University ( (listen) WESS-lee-\u0259n) is a private university in Middletown, Connecticut. Founded in 1831 as a men's college under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church and with the support of prominent residents of Middletown, the now-secular university was the first institution of higher education to be named after John Wesley, the founder of Methodism. The college became fully co-educational in 1970 after accepting female applicants from 1872 to 1909; the college's reversal on accepting women led to the establishment of Connecticut College in 1912. With Amherst and Williams Colleges, Wesleyan is one of \"the Little Three\" liberal arts colleges and competes athletically as a member of the NESCAC.\nWesleyan University has produced distinguished alumni in the arts and sciences, literature, politics and government, business, journalism, and academia. Its alumni include 13 Pulitzer Prize winners such as playwright and Hamilton creator Lin-Manuel Miranda, 14 Rhodes scholars, three Truman scholars, three Guggenheim fellows, seven MacArthur fellows, and 156 Fulbright scholars. Additionally, four Nobel laureates have been associated with the university. Other prominent alumni include 34 members of the United States Congress, 16 presidential cabinet members, 11 governors, six directors and heads of U.S. federal agencies, several CEOs and founders of Fortune 500 companies, and two attorneys general of the United States.", "Q66184": "Zuoz ([tsu\u0259\u032fts] ) is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q92763": "Jay Wright Forrester (July 14, 1918 \u2013 November 16, 2016) was a pioneering American computer engineer and systems scientist. He is credited with being one of the inventors of magnetic core memory, the predominant form of random-access computer memory during the most explosive years of digital computer development (between 1955 and 1975). It was part of a family of related technologies which bridged the gap between vacuum tubes and semiconductors by exploiting the magnetic properties of materials to perform switching and amplification.\nHe is also believed to have created the first animation in the history of computer graphics, a \"jumping ball\" on an oscilloscope.\nLater, he was a professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management, where he introduced the Forrester effect describing fluctuations in supply chains, and is credited as the founder of system dynamics, which deals with the simulation of interactions between objects in dynamic systems and is most often applied to research and consulting in organizations and other social systems.", "Q213565": "Moses (Moshe) Hess (January or June 21, 1812 \u2013 April 6, 1875) was a French-Jewish philosopher and a founder of Labor Zionism. His socialist theories, predicated on racial struggle, led to conflict with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A devoted Spinozist, Hess was profoundly influenced by Spinoza's life and philosophy.", "Q1635222": "Enos William McDonald (October 1, 1915\u2013March 31, 1968), better known as Skeets McDonald, was an American country and rockabilly musician popular during the 1950s and 60s. Best known for the Slim Willet-penned song \"Don't Let the Stars Get in Your Eyes\", McDonald was a devoted honky tonk singer and songwriter whose work helped to bridge the gap between country and rock and roll.", "Q1762": "Elagabalus ( EL-\u0259-GAB-\u0259-l\u0259s), also known as Heliogabalus ( HEE-lee-\u0259-, -\u2060lee-oh-; Latin: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus; c. 204 \u2013 11 March 222), was Roman emperor from 218 to 222. A member of the Severan dynasty, he was Syrian, the second son of Julia Soaemias and Sextus Varius Marcellus. In his early youth he served the god Elagabalus as a priest in Emesa, the hometown of his mother's family. As a private citizen, he was probably named Sextus Varius Avitus Bassianus. Upon becoming emperor he took the name Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus. He was called Elagabalus only after his death.In 217, the emperor Caracalla was assassinated and replaced by his Praetorian prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus. Caracalla's maternal aunt, Julia Maesa, successfully instigated a revolt among the Third Legion to have her eldest grandson (and Caracalla's cousin), Elagabalus, declared emperor in his place. Macrinus was defeated on 8 June 218 at the Battle of Antioch. Elagabalus, barely 14 years old, became emperor, initiating a reign remembered mainly for sex scandals and religious controversy.\nLater historians suggest Elagabalus showed a disregard for Roman religious traditions and sexual taboos. He replaced the traditional head of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter, with the deity Elagabalus, of whom he had been high priest. He forced leading members of Rome's government to participate in religious rites celebrating this deity, over which he personally presided. Elagabalus was supposedly \"married\" as many as five times, and lavished favours on male courtiers popularly thought to have been his lovers. He was also reported to have prostituted himself in the imperial palace. His behavior estranged the Praetorian Guard, the Senate, and the common people alike. Amidst growing opposition, Elagabalus, just 18 years old, was assassinated and replaced by his cousin Severus Alexander on 11 March 222, who ruled for 13 years before his own assassination, which marked the epoch event for the Crisis of the Third Century. The assassination plot against Elagabalus was devised by his grandmother, Julia Maesa, and carried out by disaffected members of the Praetorian Guard.\nElagabalus developed a reputation among his contemporaries for extreme eccentricity, decadence, and zealotry. This tradition has persisted, and with writers of the early modern age he suffers one of the worst reputations among Roman emperors. Edward Gibbon, for example, wrote that Elagabalus \"abandoned himself to the grossest pleasures with ungoverned fury\". According to Barthold Georg Niebuhr, \"The name Elagabalus is branded in history above all others\" because of his \"unspeakably disgusting life\". An example of a modern historian's assessment would be Adrian Goldsworthy's: \"Elagabalus was not a tyrant, but he was an incompetent, probably the least able emperor Rome had ever had.\"Elagabalus is considered by some to be an early transgender figure and one of the first on record as seeking sex reassignment surgery.", "Q204019": "Mathangi \"Maya\" Arulpragasam (born 18 July 1975), better known as M.I.A., is a British rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, visual artist, and activist. Combining elements of alternative, dance, electronic, hip hop, and world music, her early compositions relied heavily on the Roland MC-505 music sequencer and drum machine, whilst her later work marked an evolution in her sound with rare instruments, electronics, and unusual sound samples. M.I.A.'s music lyrically incorporates a range of political, social, philosophical and cultural references.\nM.I.A. began her career in 2000 as a visual artist, filmmaker, and designer in West London before beginning her recording career in 2002. She was one of the first acts to come to public attention through the Internet, posting her songs and videos on platforms such as MySpace. She rose to prominence in early 2004 for her singles \"Sunshowers\" and \"Galang\", and released her debut album Arular in 2005. Arular was praised by critics for its integration of political lyrics into dance music. Her second album Kala (2007) received widespread critical acclaim, and the album's hit single \"Paper Planes\" received a Record of the Year nomination at the 51st Grammy Awards. \nM.I.A.'s third album Maya was released in 2010 soon after the controversial single-short film \"Born Free\". The album received less favourable critical response compared to her previous records, but was her best-charting effort, reaching the top 10 in several countries. M.I.A. has embarked on five global headlining tours and is the founder of her own multimedia label, N.E.E.T. Her fourth studio album, Matangi, was released in 2013 and produced the single \"Bad Girls\", which won several accolades at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards. She released her fifth and final studio album, AIM, in 2016.\nAmong M.I.A.'s accolades include two MTV Video Music Awards and nominations for an Academy Award, Brit Award, three Grammy Awards and the Mercury Prize. She was named one of the defining artists of the 2000s decade by Rolling Stone in its \"Best of the Decade\" list in December 2009. Time named her one of the world's 100 most influential people in 2009, and Esquire ranked M.I.A. on its list of the 75 most influential people of the 21st century. According to Billboard, she was one of the \"Top 50 Dance/Electronic Artists of the 2010s\". M.I.A. was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2019 Birthday Honours for her services to music.\n\n", "Q64963": "Wilhelm Griesinger (29 July 1817 \u2013 26 October 1868) was a German neurologist and psychiatrist born in Stuttgart.", "Q320805": "Allen Harold \"Al\" Neuharth (March 22, 1924 \u2013 April 19, 2013) was an American businessman, author, and columnist born in Eureka, South Dakota. He was the founder of USA Today, The Freedom Forum, and its Newseum.", "Q357455": "Sir Raymond Douglas Davies, ( DAY-viz; born 21 June 1944) is an English singer, songwriter and musician. He is the lead singer, rhythm guitarist and main songwriter for the Kinks, which he leads with his younger brother, Dave. He has also acted, directed and produced shows for theatre and television. He is often referred to as \"the godfather of Britpop\". After the dissolution of the Kinks in 1996, Davies embarked on a solo career.", "Q98500": "Thomas Sch\u00e4uble (23 July 1948 \u2013 3 January 2013) was a longtime German politician and younger brother of Wolfgang Sch\u00e4uble and personal friend of Winfried Kretschmann. He was member of CDU. In 2004 he became the manager of brewery \"Badische Staatsbrauerei Rothaus.\" In July 2012 on a walk in the Black Forest he suffered from a myocardial infarction and remained in Persistent vegetative state. Sch\u00e4uble died January 2013.", "Q54678": "J\u00fcrgen Roters (born 15 January 1949 in Coesfeld, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He was mayor of Cologne from 2009 to 2015. Roters studied law from 1968 until 1974, is married and has three children.", "Q53117": "Alice of Jerusalem (also Haalis, Halis, or Adelicia; c. 1110 - after 1136) was a Princess consort of Antioch by marriage to Bohemond II of Antioch. She engaged in a longlasting power struggle during the reign of her daughter Constance of Antioch. \n\n", "Q15142": "The University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst, UMass, or Massachusetts) is a public research and land-grant university in Amherst, Massachusetts. It is the flagship campus of the University of Massachusetts system. UMass Amherst has an annual enrollment of approximately 1,300 faculty members and more than 30,000 students. The university offers academic degrees in 109 undergraduate, 77 master's and 48 doctoral programs. Programs are coordinated in nine schools and colleges. It is also a member of the Five College Consortium.\nThe University of Massachusetts Amherst is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity\". In fiscal year 2014, UMass Amherst had research expenditures exceeding $200 million.UMass Amherst sports teams are the Minutemen and Minutewomen, the colors being maroon, black, and white; the school mascot is Sam the Minuteman. All teams participate in NCAA Division I. The university is a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference, while playing ice hockey in Hockey East and football as an FBS Independent.", "Q460908": "Jason F. Sellards (born October 3, 1978), better known as Jake Shears, is an American singer and songwriter. He is best known as the male lead singer of American pop/rock band Scissor Sisters.", "Q1998195": "Asylum Records is an American record label, founded in 1971 by David Geffen and partner Elliot Roberts. It was taken over by Warner Communications (now the Warner Music Group) in 1972, and later merged with Elektra Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records.\nAfter various incarnations, it is currently geared primarily towards hip-hop, along with rock and alternative metal. It is owned and distributed by Warner Music Group.", "Q504530": "Walsall ( (listen) or ) is a market town and administrative centre in the county of West Midlands, England. Historically part of Staffordshire, it is located 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Birmingham, 6 miles (10 km) east of Wolverhampton and 9 miles (14 km) from Lichfield.\nWalsall is the administrative centre of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Walsall. At the 2011 census, the town's built-up area had a population of 67,594, with the wider borough having a population of 269,323. Neighbouring settlements in the borough include Darlaston, Brownhills, Pelsall, Willenhall, Bloxwich and Aldridge.\n\n", "Q763507": "Frank Harris (14 February 1855 \u2013 26 August 1931) was an Irish-American editor, novelist, short story writer, journalist and publisher, who was friendly with many well-known figures of his day.\nBorn in Ireland, he emigrated to the United States early in life, working in a variety of unskilled jobs before attending the University of Kansas to read (study) law. After graduation, he quickly tired of his legal career and returned to Europe in 1882. He traveled on continental Europe before settling in London to pursue a career in journalism. In 1921, in his sixties, he became a US citizen. Though he attracted much attention during his life for his irascible, aggressive personality, editorship of famous periodicals, and friendship with the talented and famous, he is remembered mainly for his multiple-volume memoir My Life and Loves, which was banned in countries around the world for its sexual explicitness.", "Q272": "Paul Morand (March 13, 1888 \u2013 July 24, 1976) was a French author whose short stories and novellas were lauded for their style, wit and descriptive power. His most productive literary period was the interwar period of the 1920s and 1930s. He was much admired by the upper echelons of society and the artistic avant-garde who made him a cult favorite. He has been categorized as an early Modernist and Imagist.\nMorand was a graduate of the Paris Institute of Political Studies, preparing him for a diplomatic career, and also attended Oxford University.\nA member of the upper class and married into wealth, he held various diplomatic posts and traveled widely. He was typical of those in his social group who enjoyed lives of privilege and entitlement, adhering to the inevitability and desirability of class distinction.\nMorand espoused a reflexive adherence to racial, ethnic and anti-Semitic ideologies. His intellectual influences included the writing of Friedrich Nietzsche, Oswald Spengler, and the author of a treatise on the superiority of the white race, Joseph Arthur de Gobineau. During World War II, he pledged allegiance to the French Vichy regime, and became a government functionary, and Nazi collaborator. He served as Vichy ambassador in Romania and Switzerland during World War II.\nHe was a patron and inspirational figure for the Hussards literary movement, which opposed existentialism.\nMorand made four bids for admission to the prestigious Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise and was finally accepted in 1968, over the protest of Charles de Gaulle.", "Q47162": "Romain Rolland (French: [\u0281\u0254l\u0251\u0303]; 29 January 1866 \u2013 30 December 1944) was a French dramatist, novelist, essayist, art historian and mystic who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1915 \"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings\".He was a leading supporter of Stalin in France and is also noted for his correspondence with and influence on Sigmund Freud.", "Q211372": "On the Waterfront is a 1954 American crime drama film, directed by Elia Kazan and written by Budd Schulberg. It stars Marlon Brando and features Karl Malden, Lee J. Cobb, Rod Steiger, Pat Henning, and Eva Marie Saint in her film debut. The musical score was composed by Leonard Bernstein. The film was suggested by \"Crime on the Waterfront\" by Malcolm Johnson, a series of articles published in November\u2013December 1948 in the New York Sun which won the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, but the screenplay by Budd Schulberg is directly based on his own original story. The film focuses on union violence and corruption amongst longshoremen, while detailing widespread corruption, extortion, and racketeering on the waterfronts of Hoboken, New Jersey.\nOn the Waterfront was a critical and commercial success. It received twelve Academy Award nominations and won eight, including Best Picture, Best Actor for Brando, Best Supporting Actress for Saint, and Best Director for Kazan. In 1997, it was ranked by the American Film Institute as the eighth-greatest American movie of all time; in AFI's 2007 list, it was ranked 19th. It is Bernstein's only original film score not adapted from a stage production with songs.\nIn 1989, On the Waterfront was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.", "Q510545": "Magdalena Antoinette Maria 'Marleen' Barth (born 21 March 1964) is a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and trade unionist, and a former journalist.", "Q92993": "Jeffrey Hawkins (born June 1, 1957) is the American founder of Palm Computing and Handspring where he invented the PalmPilot and Treo, respectively. He has since turned to work on neuroscience full-time, founding the Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience (formerly the Redwood Neuroscience Institute) in 2002 and Numenta in 2005. Hawkins is the author of On Intelligence which explains his memory-prediction framework theory of the brain.\nIn 2003, Hawkins was elected as a member of the National Academy of Engineering \"for the creation of the hand-held computing paradigm and the creation of the first commercially successful example of a hand-held computing device.\" He also serves on the Advisory Board of the Secular Coalition for America where he has advised on the acceptance and inclusion of nontheism in American life.", "Q57371": "Ilham Heydar oglu Aliyev (Azerbaijani: \u0130lham Heyd\u0259r o\u011flu \u018fliyev, [il\u02c8h\u0251m hej\u02c8d\u00e6\u027e o\u0263\u02c8\u026bu \u00e6\u02c8lij\u026af]; born 24 December 1961) is an Azerbaijani politician who is the fourth president of Azerbaijan, in office since 2003. He also functions as the Chairman of the New Azerbaijan Party, Non Aligned Movement and the head of Azerbaijan's National Olympic Committee.", "Q934708": "Andr\u00e9 Savignon (1 January 1878 \u2013 January 10, 1947) was a French author.", "Q162442": "Allahabad (pronunciation ), officially known as Prayagraj, and also known as Illahabad and Prayag, is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Allahabad district\u2014the most populous district in the state and 13th most populous district in India\u2014and the Allahabad division.\nThe city is the judicial capital of Uttar Pradesh with Allahabad High Court being the highest judicial body in the state. As of 2011, Allahabad is the fifth most populous city in the state, eighth in Northern India and twenty-fourth in India, with an estimated population of 1.11 million in the city and 1.21 million in its metropolitan region. In 2011 it was ranked the world's 40th fastest-growing city. Allahabad, in 2016, was also ranked the third most liveable city in the state (after Noida and Lucknow) and sixteenth in the country. The city experiences one of the highest levels of air pollution worldwide, with the 2016 update of the World Health Organization's Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database finding Allahabad to have the third highest mean concentration of \"PM2.5\" (<2.5 \u03bcm diameter) particulate matter in the ambient air among all the 2972 cities tested (after Zabol and Gwalior).The city lies close to Triveni Sangam, \"three-river confluence\", original name \u2013 Prayag, \"place of sacrifice or offering\" \u2013 which lies at the sangam (confluence) of the Ganges, Yamuna and Sarasvati rivers, a propitious place to conduct sacrifices. It plays a central role in Hindu scriptures. Allahabad was originally called Kaushambi (now a separate district) by the Kuru rulers of Hastinapur, who developed it as their capital. Since then, the city has been a political, cultural and administrative centre of the Doab region. In the early 17th century, Allahabad was a provincial capital in the Mughal Empire under the reign of Jahangir.Akbarnama mentions that the Mughal emperor Akbar founded a great city in Allahabad. `Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni and Nizamuddin Ahmad mention that Akbar laid the foundations of an imperial city there which was called Ilahabas or Ilahabad. He was said to be impressed by its strategic location and built a fort there, later renaming it Ilahabas by 1584 which was changed to Allahabad by Shah Jahan.In 1580, Akbar created the \"Subah of Ilahabas\" with Allahabad as its capital. In mid-1600, Salim had made an abortive attempt to seize Agra's treasury and came to Allahabad, seizing its treasury and setting himself up as a virtually independent ruler. He was, however, reconciled with Akbar and returned to Allahabad where he stayed before returning to the royal court in 1604.In 1833 it became the seat of the Ceded and Conquered Provinces region before its capital was moved to Agra in 1835. Allahabad became the capital of the North-Western Provinces in 1858 and was the capital of India for a day. The city was the capital of the United Provinces from 1902 to 1920 and remained at the forefront of national importance during the struggle for Indian independence.Located in southern Uttar Pradesh, the city's metropolitan area covers 70.5 km2 (27.22 sq miles). Although the city and its surrounding area are governed by several municipalities, a large portion of Allahabad District is governed by the Allahabad City Council. The city is home to colleges, research institutions and 2 dozen central and state government offices. Allahabad has hosted cultural and sporting events, including the Prayag Kumbh Mela and the Indira Marathon. Although the city's economy was built on tourism, most of its income now derives from real estate and financial services. The Allahabad district is the second-most revenue providing district in Uttar Pradesh.", "Q201161": "Varian Mackey Fry (October 15, 1907 \u2013 September 13, 1967) was an American journalist. Fry ran a rescue network in Vichy France that helped approximately 2,000 to 4,000 anti-Nazi and Jewish refugees to escape Nazi Germany and the Holocaust. He was the first of five Americans to be recognized as \"Righteous Among the Nations\", an honorific given by the State of Israel to non-Jews who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust.", "Q2340668": "A music video director is the head of music video production. The director conceives of videos' artistic and dramatic aspects while instructing the musical act, technical crew, actors, models, and dancers. They may or may not be in collaboration with the musical act.\nOn November 8, 1992, MTV began listing directors with the artist, song, and record company credits, because music videos had increasingly become an auteur's medium. \"The case for the director as music video author is strong. It is the music video director who has principal control of everything that is added to the pre-existing recorded sound text.\" Directors, including Michel Gondry, Spike Jonze, and F. Gary Gray, have gone on to direct feature films, continuing a trend that had begun earlier with directors such as Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m and David Fincher. The most expensive video of all time was directed by Mark Romanek: Michael and Janet Jackson's \"Scream\" (1995), which cost $7 million to produce. In 2003, Spike Jonze, Chris Cunningham, and Michel Gondry founded the Directors Label.\n\n", "Q355242": "Showman can have a variety of meanings, usually by context and depending on the country.", "Q41513": "William Blake (28 November 1757 \u2013 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age. What he called his prophetic works were said by 20th-century critic Northrop Frye to form \"what is in proportion to its merits the least read body of poetry in the English language\". His visual artistry led 21st-century critic Jonathan Jones to proclaim him \"far and away the greatest artist Britain has ever produced\". In 2002, Blake was placed at number 38 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. While he lived in London his entire life, except for three years spent in Felpham, he produced a diverse and symbolically rich \u0153uvre, which embraced the imagination as \"the body of God\" or \"human existence itself\".Although Blake was considered mad by contemporaries for his idiosyncratic views, he is held in high regard by later critics for his expressiveness and creativity, and for the philosophical and mystical undercurrents within his work. His paintings and poetry have been characterised as part of the Romantic movement and as \"Pre-Romantic\". A committed Christian who was hostile to the Church of England (indeed, to almost all forms of organised religion), Blake was influenced by the ideals and ambitions of the French and American Revolutions. Though later he rejected many of these political beliefs, he maintained an amiable relationship with the political activist Thomas Paine; he was also influenced by thinkers such as Emanuel Swedenborg. Despite these known influences, the singularity of Blake's work makes him difficult to classify. The 19th-century scholar William Michael Rossetti characterised him as a \"glorious luminary\", and \"a man not forestalled by predecessors, nor to be classed with contemporaries, nor to be replaced by known or readily surmisable successors\".", "Q241545": "Aquilino Quilinging Pimentel Jr. (December 11, 1933 \u2013 October 20, 2019), commonly known as Nene Pimentel, was a Filipino politician and human rights lawyer who was one of the leading political opposition leaders during the regime of Ferdinand Marcos from the declaration of martial law in 1972 until the People Power Revolution in 1986, which removed Marcos from power. He co-founded the country's current ruling party Partido Demokratiko Pilipino\u2013Lakas ng Bayan (PDP-Laban) and served as the President of the Senate of the Philippines from 2000\u20132001. He was the father of incumbent senator and former Senate President Aquilino Pimentel III.", "Q208623": "Walter Ray Allen Jr. (born July 20, 1975) is an American former professional basketball player. He played 18 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a player in 2018.\nAllen played college basketball for the Connecticut Huskies for three seasons, gaining a reputation as an efficient long-range shooter. He entered the NBA in 1996 as the fifth overall selection. In the NBA, he developed into a prolific scorer for the Milwaukee Bucks, featuring alongside Glenn Robinson and Sam Cassell as the team achieved playoff success. However, the trio were unable to capture a championship, and Allen was traded to the Seattle SuperSonics. In Seattle, Allen's reputation as a scorer was solidified; he would break several league records for three-point and free throw shooting. Despite this, a title still eluded Allen, and he was traded to the Boston Celtics in 2007.\nIn Boston, Allen and new teammates Kevin Garnett and Paul Pierce formed a \"Big Three\" and had immediate success, winning an NBA championship in 2008. He remained with the franchise for five seasons, before departing in free agency to join the Miami Heat for two seasons. In Miami, Allen accepted a reserve role, emphasizing spot-up and clutch shooting, which allowed him to capture another championship in 2013. His clutch three-pointer to tie Game 6 of the 2013 NBA Finals with 5.2 seconds remaining is regarded as one of the most memorable plays in NBA history.\nAllen's list of individual accolades are extensive; he gained ten NBA All-Star designations, he won an Olympic gold medal as a member of the 2000 United States men's basketball team, and he also holds NBA records in career three-point field goals made in both the regular and postseason. He is also considered one of the best shooters of all-time. In September 2018, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.\nDuring his NBA career, Allen acted during some offseasons. He is best known for his role as basketball prodigy Jesus Shuttlesworth in He Got Game (1998). Allen's performance as Shuttlesworth was greatly praised by critics, and the name was borrowed as Allen's basketball nickname. \n\n", "Q181901": "The Romanian Orthodox Church (Romanian: Biserica Ortodox\u0103 Rom\u00e2n\u0103) is an autocephalous Orthodox Church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian Churches, one of the nine Patriarchates in the Eastern Orthodox Church. Since 1925, the Church's Primate bears the title of Patriarch. Its jurisdiction covers the territories of Romania and Moldova, with additional dioceses for Romanians living in nearby Serbia and Hungary, as well as for diaspora communities in Central and Western Europe, North America and Oceania.\nCurrently it is the only autocephalous Church within Eastern Orthodoxy to have a Romance language for liturgical use. The majority of Romania's population (16,367,267, or 85.9% of those for whom data were available, according to the 2011 census data), as well as some 720,000 Moldovans, belong to the Romanian Orthodox Church.\nMembers of the Romanian Orthodox Church sometimes refer to Orthodox Christian doctrine as Dreapta credin\u021b\u0103 (\"right/correct belief\" or \"true faith\"; compare to Greek \u1f40\u03c1\u03b8\u1f74 \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1, \"straight/correct belief\").", "Q175880": "Karl August Devrient (5 April 1797 \u2013 3 August 1872) was a German stage actor best known for performances of Schiller and Shakespeare. He was related to other notable German actors, including:\n\nhis uncle Ludwig;\nhis brothers Philipp Eduard and Gustav Emil;\nhis wife, operatic soprano Wilhelmine Schr\u00f6der-Devrient;\nhis sons, Friedrich and Max;\nhis nephew, Otto.There is a collection relating to his life at the \u00d6sterreichisches Theatermuseum.", "Q85551": "Ingeborg Helen Gr\u00e4\u00dfle (born 2 March 1961) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2004 until 2019. She is a member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, part of the European People's Party. Among other roles, she served as chair of the Budgetary Control Committee. \nAs the co-rapporteur for the revision of the financial regulation, approved in the plenary in October 2012, Gr\u00e4\u00dfle was instrumental in the negotiation of a compromise between the European Institutions. Gr\u00e4\u00dfle is well known within the EU as a strong proponent of increased transparency and accountability for the Institutions.", "Q49629": "Action fran\u00e7aise (French pronunciation: \u200b[aksj\u0254\u0303 f\u0281\u0251\u0303s\u025b\u02d0z], AF; English: French Action) is a French far-right monarchist political movement. The name was also given to a journal associated with the movement.\nThe movement and the journal were founded by Maurice Pujo and Henri Vaugeois in 1899, as a nationalist reaction against the intervention of left-wing intellectuals on the behalf of Alfred Dreyfus. Charles Maurras quickly joined Action fran\u00e7aise and became its principal ideologist. Under the influence of Maurras, Action fran\u00e7aise became royalist, counter-revolutionary (objecting to the legacy of the French Revolution), anti-parliamentary and pro-decentralization, and supported corporatism, Integralism and Catholicism.\nShortly after it was created, Action fran\u00e7aise tried to influence public opinion by turning its journal to a daily newspaper and by setting up various organizations. By 1914, it had become the best structured and the most vital nationalist movement in France. In the inter-war period, the movement enjoyed prestige and influence, but its popularity gradually declined as a result of the rise of fascism and of a rupture in the relations with the Catholic Church. During the Second World War, Action fran\u00e7aise supported the Vichy Regime and Marshal Philippe P\u00e9tain. After the fall of Vichy, its newspaper was banned and Maurras was sentenced to life imprisonment. The movement nevertheless continued to exist due to new publications and political movements. Although Action fran\u00e7aise is not a major force in the right as it used to be, its ideas have remained influential.", "Q548048": "Belinda Caroline Stronach, (born May 2, 1966) is a Canadian businesswoman, philanthropist and former Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2008. Originally elected as a Conservative, she later crossed the floor to join the Liberals. From May 17, 2005, to February 6, 2006, Stronach was the Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development and Minister responsible for Democratic Renewal in the government of Paul Martin. After leaving politics, she served as the executive vice-chairman of Magna International, Canada's largest automotive parts manufacturer until December 31, 2010.Stronach is the chairman and president of The Stronach Group and the founder and chair of The Belinda Stronach Foundation, a Canadian charitable organization. She also co-founded Acasta Enterprises and served as its director until 2017 when she resigned from the board.In the early 2000s, Stronach was highlighted by the World Economic Forum and media outlets, like National Post and Fortune Magazine, as a promising future leader. Stronach's management of The Stronach Group is the subject of controversy, with her father suing her for mismanagement. She countersued in 2019.", "Q56709": "Michal Josef Gusikov (born Yehiel-Michiel, also spelt Guzikow or Gusikow) (2 September 1806 \u2013 21 October 1837) was a Russian-Jewish klezmer who gave the first performances of klezmer music to West European concert audiences on his 'wood and straw instrument'.", "Q313571": "Daniel Diges Garc\u00eda (Spanish pronunciation: [da\u02c8njel \u02c8dixes]; born 17 January 1981) is a Spanish singer, pianist, composer and actor. Although born in Madrid proper, he has spent all his youth in the neighbouring city of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares.", "Q766319": "Henry Edward Ernest Victor Bliss, 4th Baron Bliss, commonly known as Baron Bliss (16 February 1869 \u2013 9 March 1926), was a British-born traveller who willed nearly two million Belize dollars to a trust fund for the benefit of the citizens of what was then the colony of British Honduras, now Belize.", "Q5262": "Riehen (Swiss German: Rieche) is a municipality in the canton of Basel-Stadt in Switzerland. Together with the city of Basel and Bettingen, Riehen is one of three municipalities in the canton.\nRiehen hosts the Fondation Beyeler (a privately owned art gallery) as well as a toy museum.\nRiehen was the first municipality in Switzerland to elect a woman, Trudy Sp\u00e4th-Schweizer to political office, in 1958.", "Q519561": "Laura Grimaldi (1928 \u2013 3 July 2012) was an Italian writer, journalist and translator from English.\n\n", "Q66812": "Heinrich Eduard Jacob (7 October 1889 \u2013 25 October 1967) was a German and American journalist and author. Born to a Jewish family in Berlin and raised partly in Vienna, Jacob worked for two decades as a journalist and biographer before the rise to power of the Nazi Party. Interned in the late 1930s in the concentration camps at Dachau and then Buchenwald, he was released through the efforts of his future wife Dora, and emigrated to the United States. There he continued to publish books and contribute to newspapers before returning to Europe after the Second World War. Ill health, aggravated by his experiences in the camps, dogged him in later life, but he continued to publish through to the end of the 1950s. He wrote also under the pen names Henry E. Jacob and Eric Jens Petersen.\n\n", "Q201607": "Relativity Records, often self-identified as Relativity, was an American record label founded by Barry Kobrin at the site of his company, Important Record Distributors (IRD) in metro New York. Relativity released music that covers a wide variety of musical genres. When it entered into a deal with Sony Music Entertainment, it became more known for its metal and hip-hop releases.", "Q514": "Anatomy (Greek anatom\u0113, 'dissection') is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science which deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated over immediate (embryology) and long (evolution) timescales. Anatomy and physiology, which study (respectively) the structure and function of organisms and their parts, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and they are often studied together. Human anatomy is one of the essential basic sciences that are applied in medicine.The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an animal's body parts using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes the branch of superficial anatomy. Microscopic anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the study of the tissues of various structures, known as histology, and also in the study of cells.\nThe history of anatomy is characterized by a progressive understanding of the functions of the organs and structures of the human body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from the examination of animals by dissection of carcasses and cadavers (corpses) to 20th century medical imaging techniques including X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging.", "Q87346": "Margarete Emilie Charlotte Steffin (21 March 1908 \u2013 4 June 1941) was a German actress and writer, one of Bertold Brecht's closest collaborators, as well as a prolific translator from Russian and Scandinavian languages.\nBorn to a proletarian family, at the age of fourteen she went to work for the phone company but her interest in Social Democratic politics got her fired. She worked in publishing and agitprop theatre, and became secretary of the party's Lehreverband (1930) and worked at the Rote Revue. In 1931, she took a diction class from Brecht's wife Helene Weigel and became his lover. She was introduced to the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm, playing a maid in Die Mutter (1932).\nIn 1933 Brecht and Weigel went into exile in Denmark. Though soon replaced as Brecht's lover by Ruth Berlau, Steffin entered an arranged marriage to a Danish citizen to stay as Brecht's secretary and followed the Brechts to Finland and Moscow when war broke out. She died from tuberculosis (diagnosed already in 1931) while awaiting an American visa. Brecht wrote six short poems on hearing of her death, eventually published together as Nach dem Tod meiner Mitarbeiterin M. S. The second reads:\nMy general is fallen\nMy soldier is fallen\nMy pupil has left\nMy teacher has left\nMy nurse is gone\nMy nursling is gone.\nBrecht's 1955 Collected Works names Steffin as the collaborator on Roundheads and Peakheads, Se\u00f1ora Carrar's Rifles and The Horatians and the Curiatians. In addition Brecht acknowledged her role in Fear and Misery in the Third Reich, Life of Galileo and Mother Courage. She is also thought to have had a large hand in Mr Puntila and his Man Matti, The Good Person of Szechwan, The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui, and The Caucasian Chalk Circle.\nSteffin also corresponded with Walter Benjamin and Arnold Zweig.\n\n", "Q524186": "Aaron Kenneth Buttrey (April 1, 1945 \u2013 September 12, 2004) was an American drummer and arranger. According to CMT, he was \"one of the most influential session musicians in Nashville history\".Buttrey was born in Nashville, Tennessee, became a professional musician at age 11 and went on his first world tour at the age of 14 with Chet Atkins. He first worked with Charlie McCoy and went on to play with two of his own groups, Barefoot Jerry and Area Code 615. Area Code 615 was best known for its song \"Stone Fox Chase,\" which was the theme song for the BBC music programme The Old Grey Whistle Test in the 1970s. Buttrey also played in the group Rig.\nHowever, he was best known as a session player and worked with a number of well-known musicians including Elvis Presley, Bob Dylan, and Neil Young. He appears on Presley's He Touched Me; Dylan's albums Blonde on Blonde, John Wesley Harding, Nashville Skyline, and Self Portrait; and Young's albums Harvest, Tonight's the Night, Harvest Moon, and Tuscaloosa. Other work included sessions for Joan Baez, Jimmy Buffett, J.J. Cale, Donovan, Dan Fogelberg, Al Kooper, Leo Kottke, Kris Kristofferson, Gordon Lightfoot, Mickey Newbury, Peggy Scott and Jo Jo Benson, Bob Seger, and Joe Simon.\nButtrey was a member of Neil Young's touring band, the Stray Gators. In 1973, he left the Stray Gators during their tour, saying all the fan attention was too much; Johnny Barbata replaced Buttrey in mid-tour. In 1979, Buttrey provided the drumming for Chuck Berry's studio album Rockit. Also in 1979, he played drums on contemporary Christian singer Don Francisco's album Got to Tell Somebody.\nHit singles featuring Buttrey's playing include \"Rainy Day Women#12 & 35,\" \"Heart of Gold,\" \"The Chokin' Kind,\" and \"Margaritaville,\" but he was quoted as saying he was most proud of his drumming on Bob Dylan's \"Lay Lady Lay.\" Buttrey died of cancer in Nashville on September 12, 2004, at the age of 59.", "Q118488": "Jacques Doniol-Valcroze (French: [\u0292ak d\u0254nj\u0254l valk\u0281oz]; 15 March 1920 \u2013 6 October 1989) was a French actor, critic, screenwriter, and director. In 1951, Doniol-Valcroze was a co-founder of the renowned film magazine Cahiers du cin\u00e9ma, along with Andr\u00e9 Bazin and Joseph-Marie Lo Duca. The magazine was initially edited by Doniol-Valcroze between 1951-1957. As critic, he championed numerous filmmakers including Orson Welles, Howard Hawks, and Nicholas Ray.\nIn 1955, he was a member of the jury at the 16th Venice International Film Festival, and in 1964 a member of the jury at the 14th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q361859": "Alexander Humphreys Woollcott (January 19, 1887 \u2013 January 23, 1943) was an American critic and commentator for The New Yorker magazine, a member of the Algonquin Round Table, an occasional actor and playwright, and a prominent radio personality.\nHe was the inspiration for Sheridan Whiteside, the main character in the play The Man Who Came to Dinner (1939) by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart, and for the far less likable character Waldo Lydecker in the film Laura (1944). Woollcott was convinced he was the inspiration for his friend Rex Stout's brilliant, eccentric detective Nero Wolfe, an idea that Stout denied.", "Q446717": "Dabney Wharton Coleman (born January 3, 1932) is an American actor.\nColeman's best known films include The Towering Inferno (1974), 9 to 5 (1980), On Golden Pond (1981), Tootsie (1982), WarGames (1983), Cloak & Dagger (1984), The Beverly Hillbillies (1993), You've Got Mail (1998), Recess: School's Out (2001), Moonlight Mile (2002), and Rules Don't Apply (2016).Coleman's television roles include the title character in Buffalo Bill (1983\u20131984), Burton Fallin in The Guardian (2001\u20132004), the voice of Principal Peter Prickly in Recess (1997\u20132001), and Louis \"The Commodore\" Kaestner in Boardwalk Empire (2010\u20132011). He has won one Primetime Emmy Award from six nominations and one Golden Globe Award from three nominations.", "Q441078": "Charlotte Frances Riley (born 29 December 1981) is an English actress. She is known for her roles as Sarah Hurst in Easy Virtue (2008) and as Catherine Earnshaw in ITV's adaptation of Wuthering Heights (2009).", "Q1690852": "Nathaniel Leonard \"Nat\" Perrilliat (November 29, 1936, New Orleans - January 26, 1971, Sacramento) was an American jazz, blues, and R&B saxophonist.\nPerilliat learned to play alto, tenor, and baritone saxophones in his youth, as well as piano, and worked as a house saxophonist for New Orleans's Caffin Theater. He played with Professor Longhair from 1952, as well as with Smiley Lewis and Shirley & Lee. He also began working in jazz idioms, with Ellis Marsalis, Alvin Batiste, James N. Black, Nat Adderley, and Ed Blackwell. In the later 1950s and 1960s he continued working as a session musician for New Orleans recordings, including for Allen Toussaint, Fats Domino, Barbara George, and Clarence \"Frogman\" Henry. He assembled a big band of New Orleans jazz musicians in 1962 and also toured with Domino, Junior Parker, and Joe Tex later in the decade. However, he did not make enough money to remain a full-time musician, and supported his family by working as a taxi driver. he died of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 35.", "Q72867": "Craig Ferguson (born 17 May 1962) is a Scottish-American television host, comedian, author, and actor. He hosted the syndicated game show Celebrity Name Game (2014\u201317), for which he won two Daytime Emmy Awards, and Join or Die with Craig Ferguson (2016) on History. He was also the host of the CBS late-night talk show The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson (2005\u201314). In 2017 he released a web show with his wife Megan, titled Couple Thinkers. It ran for six episodes from 9 October 2017, and is available on YouTube.\nAfter starting his career in the UK with music, comedy and theatre, Ferguson moved to the U.S. where he appeared in the role of Nigel Wick on the ABC sitcom The Drew Carey Show (1996\u20132004). He has written and starred in three films, directing one of them, and has appeared in several others, including several voice-over roles for animations. Ferguson has also written three books: Between the Bridge and the River, a novel; American on Purpose, a memoir; and Riding the Elephant: A Memoir of Altercations, Humiliations, Hallucinations & Observations. He holds both British and American citizenship.", "Q176351": "Paul John Flory (June 19, 1910 \u2013 September 9, 1985) was an American chemist and Nobel laureate who was known for his work in the field of polymers, or macromolecules. He was a leading pioneer in understanding the behavior of polymers in solution, and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1974 \"for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules\".", "Q1020474": "Rongcheng (simplified Chinese: \u8363\u6210; traditional Chinese: \u69ae\u6210; pinyin: R\u00f3ngch\u00e9ng) is a county-level city of the prefecture-level city of Weihai, at the eastern extremity of Shandong Province, China, looking out to the Yellow Sea in all directions but the west.", "Q9458": "Muhammad (Arabic: \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u062f\u200e, pronounced [mu\u0127ammad]; c. 570 CE \u2013 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet, sent to preach and confirm the monotheistic teaching preceded by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is viewed as the final prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam, though some modern denominations diverge from this belief. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief. He is referred to by many appellations, including Messenger of Allah, The Prophet Muhammad, Allah's Apostle, Last Prophet of Islam, and others; there are also many variant spellings of Muhammad, such as Mohamet, Mahamad, Muhamad, and many others.\nBorn approximately 570 CE (Year of the Elephant) in the Arabian city of Mecca, Muhammad was orphaned at the age of six. He was raised under the care of his paternal grandfather Abd al-Muttalib, and upon his death, by his uncle Abu Talib. In later years, he would periodically seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer. When he was 40, Muhammad reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave, and receiving his first revelation from God. Three years later, in 610, Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly, proclaiming that \"God is One\", that complete \"submission\" (isl\u0101m) to God is the right way of life (d\u012bn), and that he was a prophet and messenger of God, similar to the other prophets in Islam.The followers of Muhammad were initially few in number, and experienced hostility from Meccan polytheists. He sent some of his followers to Abyssinia in 615 to shield them from prosecution, before he and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina (then known as Yathrib) in 622. This event, the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, also known as the Hijri Calendar. In Medina, Muhammad united the tribes under the Constitution of Medina. In December 629, after eight years of intermittent fighting with Meccan tribes, Muhammad gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and marched on the city of Mecca. The conquest went largely uncontested and Muhammad seized the city with little bloodshed. In 632, a few months after returning from the Farewell Pilgrimage, he fell ill and died. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam.The revelations (each known as Ayah \u2014 literally, \"Sign [of God]\") that Muhammad reported receiving until his death form the verses of the Quran, regarded by Muslims as the verbatim \"Word of God\" on which the religion is based. Besides the Quran, Muhammad's teachings and practices (sunnah), found in the Hadith and sira (biography) literature, are also upheld and used as sources of Islamic law (see Sharia).", "Q151936": "Sir James George Frazer (; 1 January 1854 \u2013 7 May 1941) was a Scottish social anthropologist and folklorist influential in the early stages of the modern studies of mythology and comparative religion. His most famous work, The Golden Bough (1890), documents and details the similarities among magical and religious beliefs around the globe. Frazer posited that human belief progressed through three stages: primitive magic, replaced by religion, in turn replaced by science.", "Q351742": "Mitsuru Adachi (Japanese: \u3042\u3060\u3061 \u5145 or \u5b89\u9054 \u5145, Hepburn: Adachi Mitsuru, born February 9, 1951) is a Japanese manga artist. After graduating from Gunma Prefectural Maebashi Commercial High School in 1969, Adachi worked as an assistant for Isami Ishii. He made his manga debut in 1970 with Kieta Bakuon, based on a manga originally created by Satoru Ozawa. Kieta was published in Deluxe Sh\u014dnen Sunday (a manga magazine published by Shogakukan) .\nAdachi is well known for romantic comedy and sports manga (especially baseball) such as Touch, H2, Slow Step, Miyuki and Cross Game. He has been described as a writer of \"delightful dialogue\", a genius at portraying everyday life, \"the greatest pure storyteller\", and \"a master manga artist\". He is one of the few manga artists to write for sh\u014dnen, sh\u014djo and seinen manga magazines, and be popular in all three.\nHis works have been carried in manga magazines such as Weekly Sh\u014dnen Sunday, Ciao, Sh\u014djo Comic, Big Comic and Petit Comic, and most of his works are published through Shogakukan and Gakken. He was one of the flagship authors in the new Monthly Sh\u014dnen Sunday magazine which began publication in June 2009. Two short story collections, Short Program and Short Program 2 (both through Viz Media), have been released in North America, and Viz Media scheduled to begin publishing Cross Game in October 2010. The first volume was released on October 12.He modeled the spelling of \u3042\u3060\u3061 (rather than \u5b89\u9054) for his family name after the example of his older brother, manga artist Tsutomu Adachi. In addition, it has been suggested that the accurate portrayal of sibling rivalry in Touch may come from Adachi's experiences while growing up with his older brother. Adachi did the character designs for the OVA anime series Nozomi Witches, so he is sometimes incorrectly given credit for creating the original series.", "Q86058": "Ingrid Steeger (born 1 April 1947 in Berlin) (as Ingrid Anita Stengert) is a German actress and comedian.", "Q1004": "Comics is a medium used to express narratives or other ideas through images, usually combined with text. It typically takes the form of a sequence of panels of images. Textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia can indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other information. The size and arrangement of panels contribute to narrative pacing. Cartooning and other forms of illustration are the most common image-making means in comics; fumetti is a form which uses photographic images. Common forms include comic strips, editorial and gag cartoons, and comic books. Since the late 20th century, bound volumes such as graphic novels, comic albums, and tank\u014dbon have become increasingly common, while online webcomics have proliferated in the 21st century.\nThe history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings in France. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished, particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, but the medium truly became popular in the 1930s following the success of strips and books such as The Adventures of Tintin. American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips; magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s, in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938. Histories of Japanese comics and cartooning (manga) propose origins as early as the 12th century. Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early 20th century, and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post-World War II era (1945\u2013) with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu Tezuka (Astro Boy, et al.). Comics has had a lowbrow reputation for much of its history, but towards the end of the 20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and academics.\nThe term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium itself (e.g. \"Comics is a visual art form\"), but becomes plural when referring to works collectively (e.g. \"Comics are popular reading material\"). Though the term derives from the humorous (comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard for non-humorous works too. The alternate spelling comix \u2013 coined by the underground comix movement \u2013 is sometimes used to address these ambiguities. In English, it is common to refer to the comics of different cultures by the terms used in their original languages, such as manga for Japanese comics, or bandes dessin\u00e9es/B.D. for French-language comics.\nThere is no consensus among theorists and historians on a definition of comics; some emphasize the combination of images and text, some sequentiality or other image relations, and others historical aspects, such as mass reproduction or the use of recurring characters. Increasing cross-pollination of concepts from different comics cultures and eras has only made definition more difficult.", "Q957293": "Mircea II (1428\u20131447) was a onetime Voivode of the principality of Wallachia, in the year 1442. He was the oldest son of Vlad II Dracul and brother of Vlad \u021aepe\u0219 and Radu the Handsome. He was the grandson of his namesake Mircea cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n.", "Q88061": "Otfrid von Hanstein (1869\u20131959) was a German actor and writer. As a novelist, he was prolific in various genres; his best-known works in English-language translation are science fiction novels published in various magazines by Hugo Gernsback. John Clute describes von Hanstein's science fiction as \"technophilic and space-oriented, crude but competent\". E. F. Bleiler reports that his SF novels were suppressed by the Nazi government.", "Q542217": "Catherine Helen Spence (31 October 1825 \u2013 3 April 1910) was a Scottish-born Australian author, teacher, journalist, politician, leading suffragist, and Georgist. Spence was als a minister of religion and social worker, and supporter of electoral proportional representation. In 1897 she became Australia's first female political candidate after standing (unsuccessfully) for the Federal Convention held in Adelaide. Called the \"Greatest Australian Woman\" by Miles Franklin and by the age of 80 dubbed the \"Grand Old Woman of Australia\", Spence was commemorated on the Australian five-dollar note issued for the Centenary of Federation of Australia", "Q3486629": "Sleigh Bells is an American animated short film featuring Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. It was directed by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks, and released in 1927 by Universal Pictures. The film was thought to be lost until a print was discovered in the BFI National Archives in 2015, the film was for two years the last extant Oswald cartoon directed by Walt Disney; until 2017, when High Up, the last Oswald cartoon made by Disney, was rediscovered.", "Q8752": "Basque (; euskara [eus\u033a\u02c8ka\u027ea]) is a language spoken in the Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of northern Spain and southwestern France. Linguistically, Basque is unrelated to the other languages of Europe and is a language isolate in relation to any other known living language. The Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, the Basque Country. The Basque language is spoken by 28.4% (751,500) of Basques in all territories. Of these, 93.2% (700,300) are in the Spanish area of the Basque Country and the remaining 6.8% (51,200) are in the French portion.Native speakers live in a contiguous area that includes parts of four Spanish provinces and the three \"ancient provinces\" in France. Gipuzkoa, most of Biscay, a few municipalities of \u00c1lava, and the northern area of Navarre formed the core of the remaining Basque-speaking area before measures were introduced in the 1980s to strengthen the language. By contrast, most of \u00c1lava, the western part of Biscay and central and southern areas of Navarre are predominantly populated by native speakers of Spanish, either because Basque was replaced by Spanish over the centuries, in some areas (most of \u00c1lava and central Navarre), or because it was possibly never spoken there, in other areas (parts of the Enkarterri and southeastern Navarre).\nIn Francoist Spain, Basque language use was affected by the government\u2019s repressive policies. In the Basque Country, \"Francoist repression was not only political, but also linguistic and cultural.\" The regime placed legal restrictions on the use of language, which was suppressed from official discourse, education, and publishing, making it illegal to register new-born babies under Basque names, and even requiring tombstone engravings in Basque to be removed. In some provinces, the public use of the language was suppressed, with people fined for speaking Basque. Public use of Basque was frowned upon by supporters of the regime, often regarded as a sign of anti-Francoism or separatism. Overall, in the 1960s and later, the trend reversed and education and publishing in Basque began to flourish. As a part of this process, a standardised form of the Basque language, called Euskara Batua, was developed by the Euskaltzaindia in the late 1960s.\nBesides its standardised version, the five historic Basque dialects are Biscayan, Gipuzkoan, and Upper Navarrese in Spain, and Navarrese\u2013Lapurdian and Souletin in France. They take their names from the historic Basque provinces, but the dialect boundaries are not congruent with province boundaries. Euskara Batua was created so that the Basque language could be used\u2014and easily understood by all Basque speakers\u2014in formal situations (education, mass media, literature), and this is its main use today. In both Spain and France, the use of Basque for education varies from region to region and from school to school.A language isolate, Basque is believed to be one of the few surviving pre-Indo-European languages in Europe, and is the only one in Western Europe. The origin of the Basques and of their languages is not conclusively known, though the most accepted current theory is that early forms of Basque developed before the arrival of Indo-European languages in the area, including the Romance languages that geographically surround the Basque-speaking region. Basque has adopted about 40 percent of its vocabulary from the Romance languages, and Basque speakers have in turn lent their own words to Romance speakers.\nThe Basque alphabet uses the Latin script.", "Q1480421": "University of Dhaka (Bengali: \u09a2\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09af\u09bc [\u0256\u02b0aka bi\u0283\u0283obiddal\u0254e\u032f], also known as Dhaka University or DU) is the oldest university in Bangladesh. On the first day of July 1921 the University of Dhaka opened its doors to students with Sir P.J. Hartog as the first Vice-Chancellor of the University in British Raj, it has made significant contributions to the modern history of Bangladesh. After the Partition of India, it became the focal point of progressive and democratic movements in Pakistan. Its students and teachers played a central role in the rise of Bengali nationalism and the independence of Bangladesh in 1971.\nThe university's distinguished alumni include Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, Muhammad Yunus (winner 2006 Nobel Peace Prize, pioneer of Microcredit), Muhammad Shahidullah (educator, philologist & linguist), Serajul Islam Choudhury (the country's leading public intellectual and writer), Rehman Sobhan (social democratic economist), Mohammad Ataul Karim (physicist), Abul Fateh (one of the founding fathers of South Asian diplomacy), Buddhadeb Bose (20th-century Bengali poet), and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (the founding father of Bangladesh). It also enjoyed associations with Satyendra Nath Bose, Vijayaraghavan, and Kazi Nazrul Islam.Today, it is the largest public research university in Bangladesh, with a student body of 37,018 and a faculty of 1,992. It was identified by AsiaWeek as one of the top 100 universities in Asia. However, since the 1990s, the university has suffered from intensely politicized, partisan, and violent campus politics promoted by Bangladesh's political parties.", "Q72873": "Gerda Hasselfeldt (born 7 July 1950) is a German politician (CSU) from Bavaria. She served as deputy chairperson of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group and chairwoman of the Bundestag group of CSU parliamentarians. Following her departure from active politics, she became President of the German Red Cross in 2018.", "Q357327": "Adina Howard (born November 14, 1973) is an American singer and songwriter. She rose to fame during the mid-1990s with her debut album, Do You Wanna Ride? and her debut single, \"Freak like Me\". Some of her other minor hits include \"What's Love Got to Do with It?\" (with Warren G), \"(Freak) And U Know It\", \"Nasty Grind\", \"Freaks\" (with Play-N-Skillz and Krayzie Bone) and \"T-Shirt & Panties\" (with Jamie Foxx).", "Q33191": "People Like Us (known during production as Welcome to People) is a 2012 American drama film directed by Alex Kurtzman in his directorial debut. The film was written by Kurtzman, Roberto Orci and Jody Lambert, and stars Chris Pine, Elizabeth Banks, Olivia Wilde, Michael Hall D'Addario and Michelle Pfeiffer. A. R. Rahman composed the soundtrack. The film was released by Touchstone Pictures on June 29, 2012.", "Q469938": "Sir Christopher Sydney Cockerell CBE RDI FRS (4 June 1910 \u2013 1 June 1999) was an English engineer, best known as the inventor of the hovercraft.", "Q108857": "Georg Christian Thilenius (4 October 1868 \u2013 28 December 1937) was a German physician and anthropologist who was a native of Soden am Taunus.\nHe studied medicine in Bonn and Berlin, and in 1896 was habilitated as an anatomist at the University of Strasbourg. Afterwards he participated in research trips to Tunisia and the South Pacific. In 1900 he became a professor of anthropology and ethnology at the University of Breslau, and several years later (1904) was appointed director of the Museum f\u00fcr V\u00f6lkerkunde Hamburg (Museum of Ethnology, Hamburg),. a position he maintained until his retirement in 1935.\nAs director of the Hamburg Museum of Ethnography, Thilenius coordinated the 1908-1910 S\u00fcdsee-Expedition, a scientific expedition to German administered territories in Micronesia and Melanesia. Members of the research group included Friedrich F\u00fclleborn (1866-1933), Augustin Kr\u00e4mer (1865\u20131941), Paul Hambruch (1882-1933), Otto Reche (1879-1966), Ernst Sarfert (1882-1937) and Wilhelm M\u00fcller-Wismar (1881-1916). Over 15,000 objects and artifacts from the South Pacific were brought back to Hamburg, which were documented until 1938 (23 volumes).He was a member of the Kolonialinstitut in Hamburg, an institute where he served as chairman from 1908 to 1910. He also worked as a lecturer at the institute, which was the predecessor of Hamburg University. He would later become director of the chair for anthropology at the university.", "Q1010": "Maribor (UK: MARR-ib-or, US: MAR-, Slovene: [\u02c8m\u00e1\u02d0\u027eib\u0254\u027e] (listen); also known by other historical names) is the second-largest city in Slovenia and the largest city of the traditional region of Lower Styria. It is also the seat of the City Municipality of Maribor, the seat of the Drava statistical region and the Eastern Slovenia region. Maribor is also the economic, administrative, educational and cultural centre of eastern Slovenia.\nMaribor was first mentioned as a castle in 1164, as a settlement in 1209 and as a city in 1254. As most of Slovene lands, Maribor was under Habsburg rule until 1918 when Rudolf Maister and his men secured the city for the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs which was later renamed to Yugoslavia. In 1991 Maribor became part of independent Slovenia.\nMaribor, along with the Portuguese city of Guimar\u00e3es, was selected the European Capital of Culture for 2012.", "Q18314": "William Bonemer J\u00fanior (born 16 November 1963), known professionally as William Bonner, is a Brazilian newscaster, publicist and journalist. He is the current editor-in-chief and anchorman of Jornal Nacional, the most-watched Brazilian news program, aired by Rede Globo.", "Q386768": "L\u00ea Quan Ninh (born Paris, 1961) is a French percussionist active in contemporary music and free improvisation.\nHe began studying piano at the age of 5, but turned towards percussion as a teenager. When he was 16, he entered the National Conservatory in Versailles. During this time he discovered free jazz. After graduating, he taught percussion for 3 years at a conservatory in Bondy, France while performing with contemporary music, dance, and theater groups often using self-taught techniques and found objects in his improvisation.\nIn the 1980s Ninh collaborated with Daunik Lazro, Michel Doneda, Serge Pey, Peter Kowald, Butch Morris, and Nicolas Peskine\u2019s Compagnie du Hasard.\nIn 1992 Ninh founded the Association La Flibuste which organized and presented improvisational artistic events across genres. \nHe is a member of the multi-media percussion ensemble Quatuor Helios and, along with cellist Martine Altenburger, a founder of the ensemble]h[iatus.", "Q135268": "A Shriek in the Night is a 1933 American pre-Code comedy horror film directed by Albert Ray and starring Ginger Rogers, Lyle Talbot, and Harvey Clark.", "Q3167620": "Jean-Marie Corre (21 June 1864, Tremel, C\u00f4tes-d'Armor \u2013 18 September 1915) was a French cyclist and bicycle maker from 1895 to 1914 (workshops in Paris and Rueil), and an automobile manufacturer under the brand Corre, and later Corre La Licorne (with the factory located in Levallois-Perret).\nIn 1907, the Lestienne family, industrial spinners from Nord, took over the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise des automobiles Corre. The arms of this family were a unicorn (fr: licorne), which became the mark and gradually the name of the firm. It remained active until 1949 under the name of Licorne or La Licorne, before being taken over by Berliet. This takeover followed steel shortages due to the plan Pons, a five-year program for the recreation of French industry through policies such as manufacturing sports and luxury cars, as well as Citroen's decision to stop delivering engines.\nJean-Marie Corre continued a side business of artisanal automobile manufacturing branded \"Corre, JC and Le Cor\" until 1913.\nHe married Marie-Augustine Kerharo in Plestin-les-Gr\u00e8ves on 17 August 1892.", "Q208151": "Le\u00f3n (Spanish pronunciation: [le\u02c8on]) is the second largest city in Nicaragua, after Managua. Founded by the Spanish as Santiago de los Caballeros de Le\u00f3n, it is the capital and largest city of Le\u00f3n Department. As of 2016, the municipality of Le\u00f3n had an projected population of 206,264.Le\u00f3n is located along the R\u00edo Chiquito (Chiquito River), some 90 kilometres (56 miles) northwest of Managua, and some 18 km (11 miles) east of the Pacific Ocean coast. Le\u00f3n has long been the political and intellectual center of the nation and its National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN) was founded in 1813, making it the second oldest university in Central America. Le\u00f3n is also an important industrial, agricultural, and commercial center for Nicaragua, exporting sugar cane, cattle, peanut, plantain, and sorghum. The city has been home to many of Nicaragua's most noteworthy poets including Rub\u00e9n Dar\u00edo, Alfonso Cort\u00e9s and Salom\u00f3n de la Selva.", "Q381007": "Ren\u00e9 Charles L\u00e9vesque (Quebec French pronunciation: [\u0281\u0153ne le\u02c8va\u026a\u032fk] (listen); August 24, 1922 \u2013 November 1, 1987) was a Canadian reporter, a minister of the government of Quebec (1960\u20131966), the founder of the Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois political party and the 23rd Premier of Quebec (November 25, 1976 \u2013 October 3, 1985). He was the first Quebec political leader since Confederation to attempt, through a referendum, to negotiate the political independence of Quebec.", "Q3515727": "Tariq Krim (born October 25, 1972, in Paris) is a French serial entrepreneur, creator of Netvibes and currently the founder and CEO of Jolicloud, a personal cloud content computing platform and Joli OS, a free operating system based on the Jolicloud platform. In 2008, he was the first French national named by the MIT Technology Review as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35. He was appointed Chevalier de l\u2019Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Knight of the French Order of Arts and Letters) by the French Minister of Culture in 2011.", "Q322960": "Dale H. \"Ted\" Tetzlaff (3 June 1903, Los Angeles, California \u2013 7 January 1995, Sausalito, California) was an Academy Award-nominated Hollywood cinematographer active in the 1930s and 1940s.\n\n", "Q4800062": "Arthur Robert Taylor (July 6, 1935 \u2013 December 3, 2015) was an American businessman.\nTaylor was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey. He was a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Brown University. He began his corporate career with the First Boston Corporation. He was later Vice President Finance and Executive Vice President of International Paper Company. He was president of CBS from 1972 until 1976.\nHe then founded Arthur Taylor & Company, a private investment concern. In 1985, Fordham University named him dean of its Graduate School of Business Administration. Taylor also served as president of Muhlenberg College for a decade (1992\u20132002), during which Muhlenberg tripled its endowment, halved its debt, and saw a significant rise in admissions selectivity. The College is now among the top 80 liberal arts colleges in the nation in terms of selectivity and acceptance rate. He was a former member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group.He was married to Kathryn Pelgrift Taylor. Arthur Taylor died on December 3, 2015 from pulmonary failure in Allentown, Pennsylvania.", "Q31786": "More Than a Miracle (Italian: C'era una volta) is a 1967 film also titled Cinderella Italian Style and Happily Ever After. It stars Sophia Loren, Omar Sharif and Dolores del R\u00edo. The movie has a fairy tale narrative. Filmed in the countryside outside Naples, Francesco Rosi directed and Carlo Ponti produced. The theme music was a hit for Roger Williams, reaching #2 on Billboard's survey. Sergio Franchi recorded the title song (written by Kusik; Snyder; Piccioni) on his 1968 RCA Victor album, I'm a Fool To Want You.", "Q592546": "Paul Wilbur Klipsch (born March 9, 1904 in Elkhart, Indiana \u2013 died: May 5, 2002 in Hope, Arkansas) was an American engineer and high fidelity audio pioneer, known for developing a high-efficiency folded horn loudspeaker. Unsatisfied with the sound quality of phonographs and early speaker systems, Klipsch used scientific principles to develop a corner horn speaker that sounded more lifelike than its predecessors.\n\nThe Klipschorn, which today is still manufactured and sold worldwide, proved popular. The resulting acoustics career of Klipsch spanned from 1946, when he founded one of the first U.S. loudspeaker companies, to 2000 when the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society published one of his papers. He died on May 5, 2002 at the age of 98.\nFred Klipsch, former Klipsch owner and chairman and cousin to founder Paul Wilbur Klipsch, said, \u201cPaul was a verifiable genius who could have chosen any number of vocations, but the world sounds a lot better because he chose audio.\u201d", "Q94448": "My Girlfriend Is An Agent (Korean: 7\uae09 \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0; lit. \"7th Level Civil Servant\") is a 2009 South Korean romantic action comedy film directed by Shin Tae-ra and starring Kim Ha-neul and Kang Ji-hwan. The film had 4,078,293 admissions nationwide and was the 4th most attended film of the year.", "Q399890": "Edmond Montague Grant (born 5 March 1948) is a Guyanese-British singer-songwriter and musician. He was a founding member of The Equals, one of the United Kingdom's first racially integrated pop groups. His subsequent solo career included the platinum single \"Electric Avenue\". He also pioneered the genre ringbang.", "Q172123": "Henri Louveau (January 25, 1910 \u2013 January 7, 1991) was a racing driver from France. He participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on September 3, 1950. He scored no championship points.\nLouveau came 2nd in the 1949 24 Hours of Le Mans.\n\n", "Q1692089": "Johan Olof Anders S\u00f6derberg (born 14 November 1962 in Bolln\u00e4s) is a Swedish film director and editor. He was considered part of the now terminated Swedish multimedia collective Lucky People Center.\nS\u00f6derberg is recognized for the work he has done for Madonna: he edited both the \"Hung Up\" (2005) and \"Sorry\" (2006) music videos, as well as footage from her 2004 documentary I'm Going To Tell You A Secret; he directed the \"Sorry Remix\" video backdrop for the Confessions Tour in 2006 and co-directed the \"Hey You\" video (2007) with Marcus Lindkvist, which consists mostly of images from different cultures and global warming. He also remixed and directed the controversial concert video \"Get Stupid\" for the \nSticky & Sweet Tour.\nHe also created the popular web video-hacked viral for the strand Read My Lips on Swedish TV show Kobra, which featured Tony Blair and George W. Bush lip-synching a love song. This technique was also used in the 2005 film The Voice.", "Q375838": "Alfred-Marie Li\u00e9nard (2 April 1869 in Amiens \u2013 29 April 1958 in Paris), was a French physicist and engineer. He is most well known for his derivation of the Li\u00e9nard\u2013Wiechert potentials.\nFrom 1887\u20131889 Li\u00e9nard was a student at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique and from 1889\u20131892 at the \u00c9cole des mines de Paris. From 1892\u20131895 he was a mining engineer in Valencia, Marseille, and Angers. From 1895\u20131908 he was professor at the \u00c9cole des Mines de Saint-\u00c9tienne and from 1908\u20131911 he was professor of electrical engineering at the \u00c9cole des Mines de Paris. In World War I he served in the French Army. \nLi\u00e9nard worked in the fields of electricity, magnetism, and mechanics. In 1898 (and two years after him Emil Wiechert), he derived what is now called the Li\u00e9nard\u2013Wiechert potentials. He also investigated problems related to the elasticity and strength of materials, and wrote papers on thermodynamics and hydrodynamics.\nAlong with M. H. Chipart, Li\u00e9nard developed the Li\u00e9nard\u2013Chipart criterion for determining the stability of a continuous-time system of equations.\nLi\u00e9nard was a commander of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur. He was also vice-president of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise des \u00c9lectriciens and he was president of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Math\u00e9matique de France.", "Q68195": "Pura is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q452010": "Andronikos II Megas Komnenos or Andronicus II (Greek: \u0391\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u0384 \u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, romanized: Andronikos II Megas Komn\u0113nos), (c. 1240 \u2013 1266) was the Emperor of Trebizond from 1263 to 1266. Despite being the designated successor of his father Manuel Komnenos, Andronikos' tenure was short due to premature death from unrecorded causes. The major event of his reign was the definitive loss of Sinope to the Seljuk Turks under the regency of Mu\u2018in al-Din Suleyman, also known as the Pervane, in the summer or fall of 1265. The capture of Sinope by the Turks gave them the best port on the Black Sea, allowing them to create a navy and compete with the Trapezuntines for influence in the Black Sea.\nAndronikos was the eldest son of Manuel Komnenos by his first wife, Anna Xylaloe, a Trapezuntine noblewoman. According to the chronicler Michael Panaretos, \"And so, his son by lady Anna Xylaloe, the lord Andronikos II Komnenos, whom Manuel had urged and selected to take the throne, became emperor and reigned for three years. And he died in 1265/1266.\" In his list of the Emperors before Alexios II, Constantine Loukites fails to mention Andronikos. N. Oikonomides speculates that Loukites omitted Andronikos from his list because the Emperor was excluded from the official gallery of Emperors of Trebizond.Little more is known of his brief reign. Trebizond continued to flourish as a trading center \u2014 two merchants from Marseilles were there in 1263 and 1264 carrying a letter of introduction from Charles of Anjou, Count of Provence.", "Q216409": "Ludwig Marcuse (February 8, 1894 in Berlin \u2013 August 2, 1971 in Bad Wiessee), was a German philosopher and writer of Jewish origin.\nFrom 1933 to 1940 Marcuse lived in France, settling with other German exiles in Sanary-sur-Mer. From 1940 to 1950 he lived in Los Angeles. He returned to Germany at the end of his life.\nIn 1962, his non-fiction book Obscene: The history of an indignation was published. The work revolves around leading obscenity trials: Friedrich Schlegel's Lucinde (Jena, 1799), Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary (Paris, 1857), Arthur Schnitzler's Round Dance (Berlin, 1920), D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley (London, 1960), and Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer (Los Angeles, 1962). A chapter is also devoted to the crusade of Anthony Comstock and the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice.\nMarcuse wrote non-fiction, mostly about the role of German literature in so far as that it was bound up with progressive and emancipatory philosophical, and political causes. These works include subjects like Heine, B\u00f6rne, Georg B\u00fcchner, the development of the tragedy, Sigmund Freud, the philosophy of happiness, and several others. \nHis papers are held at the Feuchtwanger Memorial Library at the University of Southern California.Ludwig was not related to Herbert Marcuse, another exiled German intellectual from Jewish descent.", "Q92987": "Wang Xuan (simplified Chinese: \u738b\u9009; traditional Chinese: \u738b\u9078; pinyin: W\u00e1ng Xu\u01cen; February 5, 1937 \u2013 February 13, 2006), born in Wuxi, Jiangsu, was a Chinese computer scientist and businessman. He was a computer application specialist and innovator of the Chinese printing industry, as well as an academician at both the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was the vice-president of the CPPCC and founder of the major technology conglomerate company Founder Group in 1986.", "Q78386": "Hans-Ulrich Treichel (born 12 August 1952 in Versmold, Westphalia) is a Germanist, novelist and poet. His earliest published books were collections of poetry, but prose writing has become a larger part of his output since the critical and commercial success of his first novel Der Verlorene (translated into English as Lost). Treichel has also worked as an opera librettist, most prominently in collaboration with the composer Hans Werner Henze.", "Q58056": "Christopher of Bavaria (26 February 1416 \u2013 5/6 January 1448) was King of Denmark (1440\u201348, as Christopher III), Sweden (1441\u201348) and Norway (1442\u201348) during the era of the Kalmar Union.", "Q952499": "Rodrigo Le\u00e3o is a Portuguese musician and songwriter. He was born in Lisbon in 1964. He became known for his musical compositions and participation in Portuguese bands such as Madredeus and S\u00e9tima Legi\u00e3o.\n\n", "Q1494332": "Garmin-Cerv\u00e9lo was an elite professional women's cycling team registered in Great Britain and racing on the UCI Women's Road World Cup circuit. The team was previously known was Cerv\u00e9lo-Lifeforce Pro Cycling Team, but in 2009, with the creation of the UCI Professional Continental team Cerv\u00e9lo TestTeam, the women's team changed names to match the men's team. When the men's Cerv\u00e9lo TestTeam merged with Garmin\u2013Transitions for the 2011 season, the team changed names again, becoming Garmin-Cerv\u00e9lo to again match the men's team. In 2007, the team was known as Raleigh-Lifeforce-Creation and prior to 2007, the team was known as the Univega Pro Cycling Team.The Garmin-Cerv\u00e9lo women's team disbanded at the end of 2011 due to funding problems. Six of its ten riders, including all four Britons, transferred to the AA Drink-leontien.nl team for the 2012 season.", "Q70902": "Rudi Schwamborn, known professionally as Carlprit, is a German-Zimbabwean rapper, actor, songwriter and music manager. He has performed and written for acts such as Cascada, Alexandra Stan and Laurent Wolf. He is best known for his song \"Fiesta\" as well as his appearance in Cascada's 2009 hit single \"Evacuate the Dancefloor\". The title sold over three million copies worldwide and reached the top 20 on Billboard charts, making Carlprit the first person of Zimbabwean origin to have a song on the top U.S. Billboard charts.", "Q95030": "Henry Warren Beatty (n\u00e9 Beaty; born March 30, 1937) is an American actor and filmmaker whose career spans over six decades. He has been nominated for fifteen Academy Awards, including four for Best Actor, four for Best Picture, two for Best Director, three for Original Screenplay, and one for Adapted Screenplay \u2013 winning Best Director for Reds (1981). Beatty is the only person to have been nominated for acting in, directing, writing, and producing the same film, and he did so twice: first for Heaven Can Wait (with Buck Henry as co-director), and again with Reds.Eight of the films he has produced have earned 53 Academy nominations, and in 1999, he was awarded the Academy's highest honor, the Irving G. Thalberg Award. Beatty has been nominated for eighteen Golden Globe Awards, winning six, including the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award, which he was honored with in 2007. Among his Golden Globe-nominated films are Splendor in the Grass (1961), his screen debut, and Bonnie and Clyde (1967), Shampoo (1975), Heaven Can Wait (1978), Reds (1981), Dick Tracy (1990), Bugsy (1991), Bulworth (1998) and Rules Don't Apply (2016), all of which he also produced.\nDirector and collaborator Arthur Penn described Beatty as \"the perfect producer\", adding, \"He makes everyone demand the best of themselves. Warren stays with a picture through editing, mixing and scoring. He plain works harder than anyone else I have ever seen.\"", "Q613786": "Europe Ecology \u2013 The Greens (French: Europe \u00c9cologie Les Verts [\u00f8\u0281\u0254p\u203fek\u0254l\u0254\u0292i lev\u025b\u0281], EELV) is a green centre-left political party in France. The party was formed on 13 November 2010 from the merger of The Greens and Europe Ecology.", "Q292709": "Claudette Mink (born April 4, 1971) is a Canadian actress.", "Q375186": "The Rookie is a 1990 American buddy cop action film directed by Clint Eastwood and produced by Howard G. Kazanjian, Steven Siebert and David Valdes. It was written from a screenplay conceived by Boaz Yakin and Scott Spiegel. The film stars Charlie Sheen, Clint Eastwood, Raul Julia, S\u00f4nia Braga, Lara Flynn Boyle, and Tom Skerritt. Eastwood plays a veteran police officer teamed up with a younger detective played by Sheen (the rookie), whose intent is to take down a German crime lord in downtown Los Angeles following months of investigation into an exotic car theft ring.\nShot entirely on location in California during the spring of 1990, the film is distinctly remembered for its elaborate pyrotechnics and extravagant stunt work. The film crew's reliance on expensive sets and elaborate stunt equipment outweighed the need for utilizing extensive CGI special effects during production. Because of this, it is generally considered the most over-the-top film directed by Eastwood.\nThe Rookie premiered in theaters nationwide in the United States and Canada on December 7, 1990, grossing $21,633,874 in ticket receipts, just over twice its budget of $10 million. The film was overshadowed by the continuing success of Home Alone, which opened in theaters three weeks earlier and ended up being one of the top 100 highest-grossing films of all time. Although considered a mild financial success, The Rookie was met with generally lackluster reviews. Critics considered it formulaic and shallow, and expressed bewilderment at the casting of the Puerto Rican Julia and the Brazilian Braga as Germans; a scene in which Eastwood is raped by Braga also generated some controversy. There was, however, some praise for the stunts and special effects.\n\n", "Q181915": "Michael I (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432, Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov) (22 July [O.S. 12 July] 1596 \u2013 23 July [O.S. 13 July] 1645) became the first Russian Tsar of the House of Romanov after the zemskiy sobor of 1613 elected him to rule the Tsardom of Russia. He was the son of Feodor Nikitich Romanov (later known as Patriarch Filaret) and of Xenia (later known as \"the great nun\" Martha). He was also a first cousin once removed of the last Rurikid Tsar Feodor I through his great-aunt Anastasia Romanovna, who was the mother of Feodor I, and through marriage, a great-nephew in-law with Tsar Ivan IV of Russia. His accession marked the end of the Time of Troubles. During his reign, Russia conquered most of Siberia, largely with the help of the Cossacks and the Stroganov family. Russia had extended to the Pacific Ocean by the end of Michael's reign.", "Q352539": "Roberto Cavalli (Italian pronunciation: [ro\u02c8b\u025brto ka\u02c8valli]; born 15 November 1940) is an Italian fashion designer and inventor. He is known for exotic prints and for creating the sand-blasted look for jeans. The high-end Italian fashion house Roberto Cavalli sells luxury clothing, perfume and leather accessories. Former Acne Studios creative consultant Paul Surridge succeeded Peter Dundas as creative director for the brand in May 2017.On March 29, 2019, struggling Italian fashion house Roberto Cavalli closed its US stores and is preparing to liquidate its North American operations.", "Q3505252": "A drug overdose (overdose or OD) is the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities greater than are recommended. Typically it is used for cases when a risk to health will potentially result. An overdose may result in a toxic state or death.", "Q1975237": "Khosrov Meliki Harutyunyan (Armenian: \u053d\u0578\u057d\u0580\u0578\u057e \u0544\u0565\u056c\u056b\u0584\u056b \u0540\u0561\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576\u0575\u0561\u0576, May 30, 1948) served as the Prime Minister of Armenia from 30 July 1992 until 2 February 1993.", "Q671665": "Michael Santiago Render (born April 20, 1975), better known by his stage name Killer Mike, is an American rapper, actor, and activist. He is the founder of Grind Time Official Records, which he launched through the SMC and Fontana Distribution. Mike made his debut on \"Snappin' and Trappin'\" from OutKast's 2000 LP Stankonia, and later appeared on the Grammy-winning song \"The Whole World\", a single from Outkast's greatest hits album Big Boi and Dre Present...Outkast. He has since released five full-length albums as a solo artist.\nIn December 2008, Mike signed to fellow Atlanta-based rapper T.I.'s Grand Hustle Records. In 2012, he released R.A.P. Music, produced entirely by American rapper and producer El-P. Killer Mike and El-P subsequently formed a duo in 2013, branding themselves Run the Jewels; the duo was signed to Fool's Gold Records and released their self-titled debut in June of that year.\nKiller Mike is also known as a social and political activist, focusing on subjects including social inequality, police brutality, and systemic racism. In addition to addressing themes of racism and police brutality in his music, he has also delivered several lectures at colleges and universities, written about social justice topics for publications such as Billboard, and been the subject of televised and published interviews regarding police misconduct and race relations. He was a visible and vocal supporter of Bernie Sanders during his 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, and refused to support Hillary Clinton after Sanders left the race.\nKiller Mike has been featured in the films 20 Funerals, Idlewild, Baby Driver and ATL. In January 2019, his Netflix documentary series Trigger Warning with Killer Mike premiered.", "Q139334": "Zachary Wolfe Galligan (born February 14, 1964) is an American actor, best known for starring as Billy Peltzer in the comedy-horror films Gremlins (1984) and Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990).", "Q222974": "Paola Fabiana Ponce (born June 25, 1982), professionally known as Lola Ponce (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8lola \u02c8ponse]), is an Argentine-Italian singer\u2013songwriter, composer, actress of musical. \nPonce made her breakthrough in Argentina and Latin America with her debut album Inalcanzable, which was released in 2001. She also earned a great popularity in Italy, after starring in musical Notre-Dame de Paris in Verona. Ponce has since released two more albums \u2014 Fearless (2004) and Il diario di Lola (2008) \u2014 and has performed in Spanish, Italian and English. In 2008, along with Gi\u00f2 Di Tonno, she won San Remo Festival with the song \"Colpo di fulmine\".\nShe sings in many Concerts with Andrea Bocelli and Riccardo Cocciante.", "Q300519": "A Perfect Circle is an American rock supergroup formed in 1999 by guitarist Billy Howerdel and Tool vocalist Maynard James Keenan. A Perfect Circle has released four studio albums, the first three during the early 2000s: Mer de Noms, their debut album in 2000, and followed up by Thirteenth Step in 2003; then in 2004, Emotive\u2014an album of radically re-worked cover songs. Shortly after Emotive's release, the band went on hiatus; Keenan returned to Tool and started up solo work under the band name Puscifer. and Howerdel released a solo album, Keep Telling Myself It's Alright, under the moniker Ashes Divide. Band activity was sporadic in the following years; the band reformed in 2010, and played live shows on and off between 2010 and 2013, but fell into inactivity after the release of their greatest hits album, Three Sixty, and a live album box set, A Perfect Circle Live: Featuring Stone and Echo in late 2013. The band reformed in 2017 to record a fourth album, Eat the Elephant, which was released on April 20, 2018.\nProne to downtime due to Keenan's other musical commitments, the band has featured a variety of musicians in the other roles throughout its alternating periods of activity and inactivity. The original incarnation of the band included Paz Lenchantin on bass, Troy Van Leeuwen on guitar, and Josh Freese on drums. Primus drummer Tim Alexander had briefly stood in as a drummer prior to Freese in the band's initial live shows, however this was prior to releasing any material. Band collaborator and producer Danny Lohner and Marilyn Manson bassist Jeordie White were also members for a short period in the early 2000s. The band's current lineup features Smashing Pumpkins guitarist James Iha, bassist Matt McJunkins, and drummer Jeff Friedl, the latter two also being contributors to the related Puscifer and Ashes Divide projects. Despite the varied cast and numerous lineup changes, the stylistic content of A Perfect Circle's songs has remained consistent with Howerdel as music composer, and Keenan writing lyrics and vocal melodies. The band's studio albums have been generally well received critically and commercially, with their first three studio albums selling 4 million copies collectively as of 2005.", "Q264921": "Johan Allan Edwall (25 August 1924 \u2013 7 February 1997) was a Swedish actor, director, author, composer and singer, best-known outside Sweden for the small roles he played in some of Ingmar Bergman's films, such as Fanny and Alexander (1982). He found his largest audience in the Scandinavian countries for playing lovable characters in several of the film and TV adaptations of the children's stories by Astrid Lindgren. He attended Stockholm's Royal Dramatic Theatre School (Dramatens elevskola) from 1949\u20131952. During his long career he appeared in over 400 works. At the 10th Guldbagge Awards in 1974, he won the award for Best Actor for his role in Emil and the Piglet.His 1984 film \u00c5ke and His World was entered into the 14th Moscow International Film Festival.In his self-written songs, he frequently attacked the injustices of society. The music is similar to folk music often using violin and accordion. He won a Swedish Grammy posthumously in 2006.\nEdwall also owned a theatre, Teater Brunnsgatan Fyra in Stockholm, which he bought in 1986 and operated until his death in 1997 of prostate cancer (it is now managed by Kristina Lugn). He was the father of photographer Mattias Edwall and stage director, actor and musician M\u00e5ns Edwall (1960\u20132016). Acting colleague Erland Josephson wrote about him in Expressen after his death: \"He was odd. But, damn it, he managed to be odd in a universal way!\"", "Q64977": "Maschwanden is a village in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q395714": "Agostino Scilla (10 August 1629 \u2013 31 May 1700) was an Italian Baroque painter, paleontologist, geologist, numismatist, and a pioneer in the study of fossils and in scientific illustration. He is known for his paintings and also in the history of paleontology for the book La vana speculazione disingannata dal senso (\"Vain Speculation Undeceived by Sense\", 1670) which was introduced to English audiences by William Wotton of the Royal Society in 1696. He was among the first to promote a scientific understanding of fossils in contrast to fantastic Biblical and divine interpretations.", "Q1397312": "Henry George Carey Jr. (May 16, 1921 \u2013 December 27, 2012) was an American actor. He appeared in more than 90 films, including several John Ford Westerns, as well as numerous television series.", "Q439869": "Pamela Carolina David Guti\u00e9rrez (born 6 October 1978 in C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina) Spanish pronunciation: [pa\u02c8mela \u00f0a\u02c8\u03b2i\u00f0]) is an Argentinian television personality, presenter, voice actress and model. She found fame in the reality TV show El BarTV 2. She currently works as a co-hostess on Am\u00e9rica TV's Desayuno Americano.", "Q43310": "The Germany national football team (German: Deutsche Fu\u00dfballnationalmannschaft or Die Mannschaft) has represented Germany in men's international football since 1908. The team is governed by the German Football Association (Deutscher Fu\u00dfball-Bund), founded in 1900. Ever since the DFB was reinaugurated in 1949 the team has represented the Federal Republic of Germany. Under Allied occupation and division, two other separate national teams were also recognised by FIFA: the Saarland team representing the Saarland (1950\u20131956) and the East German team representing the German Democratic Republic (1952\u20131990). Both have been absorbed along with their records by the current national team. The official name and code \"Germany FR (FRG)\" was shortened to \"Germany (GER)\" following the reunification in 1990.\nGermany is one of the most successful national teams in international competitions, having won four World Cups (1954, 1974, 1990, 2014), three European Championships (1972, 1980, 1996), and one Confederations Cup (2017). They have also been runners-up three times in the European Championships, four times in the World Cup, and a further four third-place finishes at World Cups. East Germany won Olympic Gold in 1976.Germany is the only nation to have won both the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA Women's World Cup.At the end of the 2014 World Cup, Germany earned the highest Elo rating of any national football team in history, with a record 2,205 points. Germany is also the only European nation that has won a FIFA World Cup in the Americas. The manager of the national team is Joachim L\u00f6w.", "Q273285": "A luge is a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleds supine (face up) and feet-first. A luger steers by using their calf muscles to flex the sled's runners or by exerting opposite shoulder pressure to the seat. Racing sleds weigh 21\u201325 kg (46\u201355 lb) for singles and 25\u201330 kg (55\u201366 lb) for doubles. Luge is also the name of an Olympic sport.\nLugers can reach speeds of 140 km/h (87 mph). Austrian Manuel Pfister reached a top speed of 154 km/h (96 mph) on a track in Whistler, Canada, prior to the 2010 Winter Olympics. Lugers compete against a timer in one of the most precisely timed sports in the world\u2014to one one-thousandth of a second on artificial tracks.\nThe first recorded use of the term \"luge\" dates to 1905 and derives from the Savoy/Swiss dialect of the French word luge, meaning \"small coasting sled.\"\n\n", "Q573974": "Daniel Burros (March 5, 1937 \u2013 October 31, 1965) was a Jewish American who was a former member of the American Nazi Party. Later, after a falling-out with founder George Lincoln Rockwell, Burros became a Kleagle, or recruiter, for the New York State branch of the United Klans of America, the most violent Klan group of the time.Burros committed suicide on October 31, 1965, hours after his Jewish heritage was made public. He shot himself in the chest and then the head. At the time, he was reportedly listening to music composed by Richard Wagner.", "Q15156": "Herbert Lionel Matthews (January 10, 1900 \u2013 July 30, 1977) was a reporter and editorialist for The New York Times who, at the age of 57, won widespread attention after revealing that the 30-year-old Fidel Castro was still alive and living in the Sierra Maestra mountains. President Fulgencio Batista claimed publicly that the young guerilla leader had been killed during the landing of the yacht Granma, bringing him and others back to Cuba from Mexico in December 1956.", "Q88707": "Maria Arloisia Fein (7 April 1892 \u2013 5 September 1965) was an Austrian actress who became a star of German theatre and film before the rise of the Nazis forced her departure. During her time in Germany she was largely associated with the theatrical producer/director Max Reinhardt and acted in plays by such writers as Christian Friedrich Hebbel, Friedrich Schiller, William Shakespeare, Aeschylus, and Ferdinand Bruckner.\nBetween 1916 and 1932 Fein appeared in at least twenty-three German films working with pioneer movie directors Robert Wiene, Uwe Jens Krafft, Hanna Henning, Rochus Gliese, Walter Schmidth\u00e4ssler, Frederic Zelnik, Albert Lastmann, Paul Leni, Rudolf Walther-Fein, Michael Curtiz, Rudolf Meinert, and Fritz Friedmann-Frederich.\nFollowing the Nazi annexation of Austria in 1938, Fein fled to the Netherlands and in 1941 found refuge for the duration of the war in Switzerland. Fein remained active on stage over the balance of her life in her adopted Switzerland and abroad until shortly before her death.", "Q35286": "Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 \u2013 August 2, 1923) was the 29th president of the United States from 1921 until his death in 1923. A member of the Republican Party, he was one of the most popular U.S. presidents to that point. After his death, a number of scandals\u2014including Teapot Dome\u2014came to light, as did his extramarital affair with Nan Britton; each eroded his popular regard. Harding is often rated as one of the worst presidents in historical rankings.\nHarding lived in rural Ohio all his life, except when political service took him elsewhere. As a young man, he bought The Marion Star and built it into a successful newspaper. In 1899, he was elected to the Ohio State Senate; he spent four years there, then was elected lieutenant governor. He was defeated for governor in 1910, but was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1914. He ran for the Republican nomination for president in 1920, and he was considered a long shot until after the convention began. The leading candidates could not gain the needed majority, and the convention deadlocked. Harding's support gradually grew until he was nominated on the tenth ballot. He conducted a front porch campaign, remaining for the most part in Marion and allowing the people to come to him, and running on a theme of a return to normalcy of the pre-World War I period. He won in a landslide over Democrat James M. Cox and the then-imprisoned Socialist Party candidate Eugene Debs and became the first sitting senator to be elected president.\nHarding appointed a number of well-regarded figures to his cabinet, including Andrew Mellon at Treasury, Herbert Hoover at the Department of Commerce, and Charles Evans Hughes at the State Department. A major foreign policy achievement came with the Washington Naval Conference of 1921\u20131922, in which the world's major naval powers agreed on a naval limitations program that lasted a decade. Harding released political prisoners who had been arrested for their opposition to World War I. His cabinet members Albert B. Fall (Interior Secretary) and Harry Daugherty (Attorney General) were each later tried for corruption in office; these and other scandals greatly damaged Harding's posthumous reputation. Harding died of a heart attack in San Francisco while on a western tour and was succeeded by Vice President Calvin Coolidge.", "Q233892": "Rockford is a city in Winnebago County in the U.S. state of Illinois, in far northern Illinois. Located on the banks of the Rock River, Rockford is the county seat of Winnebago County (a small portion of the city is located in Ogle County). The largest city in Illinois outside of the Chicago metropolitan area, Rockford is the third-largest city in the state and the 171st most populous in the United States. According to 2010 U.S. Census data, the City of Rockford had a population of 152,871, with an outlying metropolitan area population of 348,360. The City of Rockford's population was 146,526 as of 2018, down 4.1% since 2010.Settled in the mid-1830s, the position of the city on the Rock River made its location strategic for industrial development. In the second half of the 19th century, Rockford was notable for its output of heavy machinery, hardware and tools; by the twentieth century, it was the second leading center of furniture manufacturing in the nation, and 94th largest city. During the second half of the 20th century, Rockford struggled alongside many Rust Belt cities. Since the late 1990s, efforts in economic diversification have led to growth of automotive, aerospace, and healthcare industries, as well as the undertaking of various tourism and downtown revitalization efforts.\nNicknamed the Forest City, Rockford is presently known for various venues of cultural or historical significance, including Anderson Japanese Gardens, Klehm Arboretum, Tinker Swiss Cottage, the BMO Harris Bank Center, the Coronado Theatre, the Laurent House, and the Burpee Museum of Natural History. Its contributions to music are noted in the Mendelssohn Club, the oldest music club in the nation, and performers such as Phantom Regiment and Cheap Trick.", "Q329160": "Nicholas James Sebastian Rowe (born 22 November 1966) is a Scottish actor. At the commencement of his career he appeared as the lead in the cinema film Young Sherlock Holmes (1985).", "Q86919": "Devid Striesow (born 1 October 1973 in Bergen auf R\u00fcgen, East Germany) is a German actor. He starred as \"Sturmbannf\u00fchrer Herzog\" (Bernhard Kr\u00fcger) in Stefan Ruzowitzky's 2007 film The Counterfeiters, which was awarded the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film for that year.", "Q450834": "Lev Stepanovich Dyomin (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0451\u043c\u0438\u043d; 11 January 1926 \u2013 18 December 1998) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 15 spaceflight in 1974. This spaceflight was intended to dock with the space station Salyut 3, but the docking failed.", "Q74557": "Silas Wood (September 14, 1769 \u2013 March 2, 1847) was a U.S. Representative from New York.\nBorn in West Hills, near Huntington, New York, Wood pursued classical studies. He graduated from Princeton College in 1789 and during the five succeeding years was a teacher at that institution. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Huntington, New York. He was appointed district attorney of Suffolk County in 1818 and 1821.\nWood was elected to the Sixteenth and to the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1819 \u2013 March 3, 1829). He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (Seventeenth and Eighteenth Congresses). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1828 to the Twenty-first Congress. He died in Huntington, New York, March 2, 1847. He was interred in the Old Public Cemetery on Main Street. ilas Wood Sixth Grade Center of South Huntington School District is named after Wood.", "Q650640": "Fran\u00e7ois \u00c9tienne \"Frantz\" Reichel (16 March 1871 \u2013 21 March 1932) was a French sports administrator, athlete and journalist. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens as a runner and at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris as a rugby union player. He co-founded the Association Internationale de la Presse Sportive (AIPS), and served as its first president in 1924\u20131932.", "Q2516852": "A literary editor is an editor in a newspaper, magazine or similar publication who deals with aspects concerning literature and books, especially reviews. A literary editor may also help with editing books themselves, by providing services such as proof reading, copy-editing, and literary criticism.", "Q310939": "Sir William Turner Walton, OM (29 March 1902 \u2013 8 March 1983) was an English composer. During a 60-year career, he wrote music in several classical genres and styles, from film scores to opera. His best-known works include Fa\u00e7ade, the cantata Belshazzar's Feast, the Viola Concerto, the First Symphony, and the British coronation anthems Crown Imperial and Orb and Sceptre.\nBorn in Oldham, Lancashire, the son of a musician, Walton was a chorister and then an undergraduate at Christ Church, Oxford. On leaving the university, he was taken up by the literary Sitwell siblings, who provided him with a home and a cultural education. His earliest work of note was a collaboration with Edith Sitwell, Fa\u00e7ade, which at first brought him notoriety as a modernist, but later became a popular ballet score.\nIn middle age, Walton left Britain and set up home with his wife Susana on the Italian island of Ischia. By this time, he had ceased to be regarded as a modernist, and some of his compositions of the 1950s were criticised as old-fashioned. His only full-length opera, Troilus and Cressida, was among the works to be so labelled and has made little impact in opera houses. In his last years, his works came back into critical fashion; his later compositions, dismissed by critics at the time of their premieres, were revalued and regarded alongside his earlier works.\nWalton was a slow worker, painstakingly perfectionist, and his complete body of work across his long career is not large. His most popular compositions continue to be frequently performed in the 21st century, and by 2010 almost all his works had been released on CD.", "Q2602121": "Jos\u00e9 Manuel Rodr\u00edguez Delgado (August 8, 1915 \u2013 September 15, 2011) was a Spanish professor of neurophysiology at Yale University, famed for his research on mind control through electrical stimulation of the brain.", "Q552951": "Sol Myron Linowitz (December 7, 1913 \u2013 March 18, 2005) was an American diplomat, lawyer, and businessman.", "Q369544": "Children of Mata Hari (French: La Peau de Torpedo, Italian: Dossier 212 - destinazione morte, German: Der Mann mit der Torpedohaut, also known as Pill of Death and The Deathmakers) is a 1970 international co-production crime film directed by Jean Delannoy and starring Klaus Kinski.", "Q468373": "Envera Selimovi\u0107, a national of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is the United Nations Department of Public Information Representative in Azerbaijan. At her appointment, she was described as \"one of Bosnia\u2019s best-known and highly respected journalists.\"\nSelimovi\u0107 graduated Politology at the Faculty of Political Sciences in Sarajevo. After graduation, she worked at TV Sarajevo, Radio \"202\" and then at the Radio Sarajevo.\nIn 1992 when the Bosnian War broke out, Envera returned to working on television and for almost three years worked as a principal network news anchor and chief foreign editor for Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina.\nAt the end of 1994 she was assigned to work in the United States of America as the head of the New York/Washington, D.C. Bureau for Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina.\nSelimovi\u0107 was awarded the scholarship for the postgraduate studies by the American government, and she holds master's degree in international public policy from The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University, Washington.\nBy the end of 1999, Selimovi\u0107 returned to Sarajevo, and for the next three years she worked at Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina creating a show simply called The Interview. Aside from being remembered by exclusive interviews with then most famous leaders of the country, region, and the whole world, she also hosted numerous world intellectuals and philosophers.\nIn 2001, Selimovic was declared Bosnia's female journalist of the year.In March 2003, she left Bosnia and Herzegovina and moved to Tbilisi to perform the job of Spokesperson for the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG). For the next three years she was responsible for the Mission\u2019s strategic communications and advising the Head of Mission on public information initiatives and activities.\nIn October 2006, UN Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, appointed Selimovi\u0107 as the Representative of the UN Department of Public Information Office in Baku, Azerbaijan.", "Q1412816": "Kerry Francis Bullmore Packer (17 December 1937 \u2013 26 December 2005) was an Australian media tycoon, and was considered one of Australia's most powerful media proprietors of the twentieth century. The Packer family company owned a controlling interest in both the Nine television network and leading Australian publishing company Australian Consolidated Press, which were later merged to form Publishing and Broadcasting Limited (PBL). Outside Australia, Packer was best known for founding World Series Cricket. At the time of his death, Packer was the richest and one of the most influential men in Australia. In 2004, Business Review Weekly magazine estimated Packer's net worth at A$6.5 billion.", "Q1541282": "Thomas Grady Martin (January 17, 1929 \u2013 December 3, 2001) was an American session guitarist in country music and rockabilly.\nA member of The Nashville A-Team, he played guitar on hits such as Marty Robbins' \"El Paso\", Loretta Lynn's \"Coal Miner's Daughter\" and Sammi Smith's \"Help Me Make It Through the Night\". During a nearly 50-year career, Martin backed such names as Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly, Johnny Burnette, Don Woody and Arlo Guthrie, Johnny Cash, Patsy Cline and Bing Crosby. He is a member of the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. Elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame, March 2015", "Q72126": "Dora Gerson (born Dorothea Gerson, 23 March 1899 \u2013 14 February 1943) was a German cabaret singer and stage and motion picture actress of the silent film era who died with her family at Auschwitz concentration camp.", "Q358941": "Rudolph Cornelius Wiedoeft (January 3, 1893 \u2013 February 18, 1940) was an American saxophonist.", "Q320622": "Romuald Hazoum\u00e8 (born 1962 in Porto Novo) is a Yoruba artist from the Republic of B\u00e9nin, best known for his work La Bouche du Roi, a reworking of the 1789 image of the slave ship Brookes. La Bouche du Roi was widely exhibited in the United Kingdom as part of the centenary remembrance of the Slave Trade Act 1807 by Parliament. He only uses recycled materials to create his works.\nHazoum\u00e8 is also known for his mask series. He started this phase of his art in the mid-1980s. These masks, made from discarded gasoline canisters, resemble those used in traditional African culture and ceremonies. In explaining these works, Hazoum\u00e8 has said: \u201cI send back to the West that which belongs to them, that is to say, the refuse of consumer society that invades us every day.\u201dHazoum\u00e8 is among the artists represented in The Contemporary African Art Collection (CAAC) of Jean Pigozzi.", "Q297842": "Anna Cecilia Sahlin (born 11 May 1976), known professionally as Anna Sahlene and formerly by the one-word stage name Sahlene, is a Swedish performer best known as a singer: she placed third at the Eurovision Song Contest 2002 with \"Runaway\" the Estonian Eurovision entrant for 2002.\n\n", "Q75649": "Ulrich Peltzer (born December 9, 1956 in Krefeld) is a German novelist.", "Q183131": "Joaqu\u00edn Maur\u00edn Juli\u00e1 (or Joaquim Maur\u00edn in Catalan; 12 January 1896 - 5 November 1973) was a Spanish Communist politician and activist, leader of the Workers and Peasants Bloc (BOC) and of the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM). He was active mainly in Catalonia.", "Q535712": "Deborah Polaski (born May 26, 1949, in Richland Center, Wisconsin) is an American opera and concert singer (soprano). She has specialized in dramatic soprano roles and also sings mezzo-soprano roles occasionally.", "Q254809": "Henry Beckman (26 November 1921 \u2013 17 June 2008) was a Canadian stage, film and television actor.", "Q105426": "Johannes Vogel (born 29 April 1982) is a German politician. Born in Wermelskirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia, he represents the Free Democratic Party (FDP). Johannes Vogel has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2009 till 2013 and since 2017.", "Q79073": "Eva Lichtenberger (born 1 July 1954 in Zams) is an Austrian politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2014. She is a member of the Austrian Green Party, part of the European Greens.", "Q4208213": "Adam D'Angelo is an American internet entrepreneur. He is best known as the co-founder and CEO of Quora, based in Mountain View, California. He was chief technology officer of Facebook, and also served as its vice president of engineering, until 2008. In June 2009, he started Quora. He invested $20 million of his own money into Quora as part of their Series B round of financing. He is a member of the board of directors of OpenAI, and an investor in internet companies.", "Q188064": "The Thing About My Folks is a 2005 American drama film directed by Raymond De Felitta and starring Peter Falk, Paul Reiser, and Olympia Dukakis. The screenplay by Paul Reiser focuses on the effect a terminal illness has on the marriage of an aging couple and their adult children.", "Q526008": "Anupama Chopra (born 23 February 1967) is an Indian author, journalist, film critic and director of the MAMI Mumbai Film Festival. She is also the founder and editor of the digital platform Film Companion which offers a curated look at cinema. She has written several books on Indian cinema and has been a film critic for NDTV, India Today, as well as the Hindustan Times. She also hosted a weekly film review show The Front Row With Anupama Chopra, on Star World. She won the 2000 National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema for her first book Sholay: The Making of a Classic. She presently critics movies and interviews celebrities for Film Companion.", "Q102349": "Bernhard Edmaier is a German geologist, photographer and author of geoscientific books.\nHe is the main author of the illustrated book Earthsong (2005), in which he describes the Earth and its morphology from a new point of view based on pattern recognition and photographic art perspectives. The Earth's phenomena are described with respect to their genesis and to their appearance.\nEdmaier studied civil engineering and geology before he switched to photography. When describing landscapes he works with aerial photographs, e.g. together with the science journalist and geologist Angelika Jung-H\u00fcttl.\nThe work \"Earthsong\" is a spectacular collection of breathtaking aerial photographs of the Earth's surface and is divided into 4 chapters Aqua, Green, Desert and Barren. The photographs are accompanied by text and are taken all around the world from Alaska to the Bahamas and Iceland, and from continental Europe to North America and New Zealand.", "Q1232745": "John McCandish King (February 15, 1927 \u2013 January 13, 2016) was an American petroleum entrepreneur and Republican politician. He is notable for being one of the youngest members elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in its history and for his role in a fraudulent scam involving Investors Overseas Service.", "Q884020": "William Ellery Sweet (January 27, 1869 \u2013 May 9, 1942) was the 23rd Governor of Colorado from 1923 to 1925.", "Q435060": "Steven Albini (pronounced ; born July 22, 1961) is an American musician, record producer, audio engineer and music journalist. He was a member of Big Black, Rapeman and Flour, and is a member of Shellac. He is the founder, owner and principal engineer of Electrical Audio, a recording studio complex in Chicago. In 2018, Albini estimated that he had worked on several thousand albums during his career.Albini is also known for his outspoken and controversial views on the music industry, having stated repeatedly that it financially exploits artists and homogenizes their sound. Nearly alone among well-known producers and musicians, Albini refuses to take ongoing royalties from album sales, feeling that a producer's job is to record the music to the band's desires, and that paying a producer as if they had contributed artistically to an album is unethical.", "Q444699": "Allison \"Alley\" Mills (born May 9, 1951), also known as Alley Bean, is an American actress best known for her role as Norma Arnold, the mother in the coming-of-age series The Wonder Years, and her current role as Pamela Douglas, the sister of the late Forrester matriarch Stephanie Forrester (Susan Flannery), on the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful.", "Q153660": "The Italian Social Republic (Italian: Repubblica Sociale Italiana, pronounced [re\u02c8pubblika so\u02c8t\u0283a\u02d0le ita\u02c8lja\u02d0na]; RSI), popularly and historically known as the Republic of Sal\u00f2 (Italian: Repubblica di Sal\u00f2 [re\u02c8pubblika di sa\u02c8l\u0254]), was a German puppet state with limited recognition that was created during the later part of World War II, existing from the beginning of German occupation of Italy in September 1943 until the surrender of German troops in Italy in May 1945.\nThe Italian Social Republic was the second and last incarnation of the Italian Fascist state and was led by Duce Benito Mussolini and his reformed anti-monarchist Republican Fascist Party which tried to modernise and revise fascist doctrine into a more moderate and sophisticated direction. The state declared Rome its capital, but was de facto centered on Sal\u00f2 (hence its colloquial name), a small town on Lake Garda, near Brescia, where Mussolini and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs were headquartered. The Italian Social Republic exercised nominal sovereignty in Northern and Central Italy, but was largely dependent on German troops to maintain control.\nIn July 1943, after the Allies had pushed Italy out of North Africa and subsequently invaded Sicily, the Grand Fascist Council\u2014with the support of King Victor Emmanuel III\u2014overthrew and arrested Mussolini. The new government began secret peace negotiations with the Allied powers. When the Armistice of Cassibile was announced 8 September, Germany was prepared and quickly intervened. Germany seized control of the northern half of Italy, freed Mussolini and brought him to the German-occupied area to establish a satellite regime. The Italian Social Republic was proclaimed on 23 September 1943. Although the RSI claimed sovereignty over most of Italian territory, its de facto jurisdiction only extended to a vastly reduced portion of Italy. The RSI received diplomatic recognition from only Germany, Japan and their puppet states.\nAround 25 April 1945\u2013nineteen months after the RSI's founding\u2013it all but collapsed. In Italy, this day is known as Liberation Day (festa della liberazione). On this day a general partisan uprising, alongside the efforts of Allied forces during their final offensive in Italy, managed to oust the Germans from Italy almost entirely. On 27 April, Italian partisans caught Mussolini, his mistress (Clara Petacci), several RSI ministers and several other Italian Fascists while they were attempting to flee. On 28 April, the partisans shot Mussolini and most of the other captives, including Petacci. The RSI Minister of Defense Rodolfo Graziani surrendered what was left of the Italian Social Republic on 1 May, one day after the German forces in Italy capitulated.", "Q708359": "Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (French pronunciation: \u200b[pj\u025b\u0281 ti\u0281a\u0281]; 27 September 1827 \u2013 4 November 1893) was a French politician.", "Q294393": "Katalin Vad, better known by her porn star name Michelle Wild (vad literally means \"wild\" in Hungarian) (born 16 January 1980) is a Hungarian actress and former erotic performer who worked mainly for Private Media Group (International) and LUXx Video (Hungary).", "Q653349": "Arhoolie Records is an American small independent record label run by Chris Strachwitz and is based in El Cerrito, California, United States (it is actually located in Richmond Annex but has an El Cerrito postal address. The label was founded by Strachwitz in 1960 as a way for him to record and produce music by previously obscure \"down-home blues\" artists such as Lightnin' Hopkins, Snooks Eaglin, and Bill Gaither. Arhoolie still publishes blues and folk music, Tejano music including Lydia Mendoza, Los Alegres de Ter\u00e1n, Flaco Jim\u00e9nez, regional Mexican music, cajun, zydeco, and bluegrass.", "Q229612": "Rene Marie Russo (born February 17, 1954) is an American actress, producer, and model. Russo began her career as a fashion model in the 1970s, appearing on magazine covers such as Vogue and Cosmopolitan. She made her film debut in the 1989 comedy Major League, and rose to international prominence in a number of thrillers and action films throughout the 1990s, including Lethal Weapon 3 (1992), In the Line of Fire (1993), Outbreak (1995), Get Shorty (1995), Ransom (1996), Lethal Weapon 4 (1998), and The Thomas Crown Affair (1999).\nAfter headlining the family comedy Yours, Mine and Ours (2005), Russo took a five-year break from acting. She returned to the screen as Frigga, the mother of the titular hero, in the superhero film Thor (2011), a role she reprised in Thor: The Dark World (2013) and Avengers: Endgame (2019). In 2014, Russo starred in the acclaimed crime thriller Nightcrawler, for which she won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. She has also appeared in The Intern (2015), Just Getting Started (2017) and Velvet Buzzsaw (2019).", "Q18890163": "Art of Anarchy is an American hard rock supergroup formed in 2011. The band features twin brothers Jon and Vince Votta on guitar and drums, Disturbed bassist John Moyer, former Guns N' Roses guitarist Ron \"Bumblefoot\" Thal as co-guitarist and producer, and, as of 2016, Creed vocalist Scott Stapp. The band's first album features the late former Stone Temple Pilots and Velvet Revolver vocalist Scott Weiland on vocals.", "Q155211": "Lichterfelde is a locality in the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf in Berlin, Germany. Until 2001 it was part of the former borough of Steglitz, along with Steglitz and Lankwitz.\n\n", "Q433411": "Igor Borisovich Dmitriev (Russian: \u0418\u0301\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432) (May 29, 1927 \u2013 January 26, 2008) was a Russian film and theater actor who specialized in playing aristocratic characters in costume productions (e.g., Rosencrantz in Grigori Kozintsev's Hamlet).\nIgor Dmitriev was born in Leningrad to parents Boris Petrovich Dmitriev, a professional yachtsman and Elena Tauber, a ballerina. In 1948 he graduated from the Studio of the Moscow Art Theatre and in 1949 became an actor of the Vera Komissarzhevskaya Theater of Drama in Leningrad. From 1967 to 1984 he worked at Lenfilm. In 1984 he started working at the Nikolay Akimov Theater of Comedy. Dmitriev worked with Georgi Tovstonogov, Sergei Gerasimov, Yan Frid. He acted in more than 120 films, not only in the Soviet Union, but also in Hungary, Poland, GDR, U.S., Morocco and Algeria.\nHe became People's Artist of the RSFSR in 1988. In 2000 he played the benefit performance in the play of George Bernard Shaw and Jerome Kilty Dear Liar: A Comedy of Letters. He also worked as a radio narrator, being one of the first actors to do so, he recited the novels of Leo Tolstoy, Theodore Dreiser, Guy de Maupassant, \u00c9mile Zola, Anton Chekhov and many others.", "Q332226": "Lorenzo Hormisdas Zambrano Trevi\u00f1o (27 March 1944 \u2013 12 May 2014) was a Mexican businessman and philanthropist. He took over Cemex, a regional cement company founded by his grandfather, and transformed it into one of the largest cement producers in the world by the time of his death. Zambrano also financed several cultural initiatives across Latin America and chaired, from 1997 to 2012, the board of trustees of the Monterrey Institute of Technology (ITESM), one of the largest private universities in the region. He also co-owned Axtel, an important Mexican telecommunications company.", "Q374273": "Armand Douglas Hammer (born August 28, 1986) is an American actor. The son of businessman Michael Armand Hammer and the great-grandson of oil tycoon Armand Hammer, he began his acting career with guest appearances in several television series. Hammer's first leading role was as Billy Graham in the 2008 film Billy: The Early Years, and he gained wider recognition for his portrayal of the Winklevoss twins in David Fincher's biographical drama film The Social Network (2010), for which he won the Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor.\nHammer went on to portray Clyde Tolson in the biopic J. Edgar (2011), play the title character in the western The Lone Ranger (2013), and star as Illya Kuryakin in the action film The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (2015). In 2017, he starred in Luca Guadagnino's romantic drama Call Me by Your Name, for which he received a nomination for the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor. The following year, he portrayed Martin D. Ginsburg in the biopic On the Basis of Sex (2018). On Broadway theatre, he starred in a production of Straight White Men in 2018.", "Q332540": "Christopher Murray Paul-Huhne (born 2 July 1954), known as Chris Huhne, is a British energy and climate change consultant and former journalist and politician who was the Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament for Eastleigh from 2005 to 2013 and the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change from 2010 to 2012. From September 2013 to August 2014 he wrote a weekly column for The Guardian.On 3 February 2012, Huhne resigned from the Cabinet when he was charged with perverting the course of justice over a 2003 speeding case. His wife at the time, Vicky Pryce, had claimed that she was driving the car, and accepted the licence penalty points on his behalf so that he could avoid being banned from driving. Huhne denied the charge until the trial began on 4 February 2013 when he changed his plea to guilty, resigned as a member of parliament, and left the Privy Council. He and Pryce were sentenced at Southwark Crown Court on 11 March to eight months in prison for perverting the course of justice. He served 9 weeks of this sentence at HMP Leyhill before he was released.Huhne had twice stood unsuccessfully for election as Leader of the Liberal Democrats; in 2006 he came second to Sir Menzies Campbell and in 2007 he narrowly lost to Nick Clegg.", "Q77738": "Horst Kr\u00fcger (September 17, 1919 Magdeburg \u2013 October 21, 1999 Frankfurt am Main) was a German novelist. His autobiographical debut novel, A Crack in the Wall: Growing Up Under Hitler (original title Das Zerbrochene Haus. Eine Jugend in Deutschland or The Broken House: A Youth in Germany) is regarded as an exemplary portrait of youth in Germany in the time of the Third Reich, and received international acclaim. His travel literature on various parts of the world has found a wide audience.", "Q770584": "Harold \"Hal\" Abelson (born April 26, 1947) is a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and a founding director of both Creative Commons and the Free Software Foundation.\nHe directed the first implementation of the language Logo for the Apple II, which made the language widely available on personal computers starting in 1981; and published a widely selling book on Logo in 1982. Together with Gerald Jay Sussman, Abelson developed MIT's introductory computer science subject, The Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (called by the course number, 6.001), a subject organized around the idea that a computer language is primarily a formal medium for expressing ideas about methodology, rather than just a way to get a computer to perform operations. Abelson and Sussman also cooperate in codirecting the MIT Project on Mathematics and Computation. The MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW) project was spearheaded by Abelson and other MIT faculty.\nAbelson led an internal investigation of the school's choices and role in the prosecution of Aaron Swartz by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which concluded that MIT did nothing wrong legally, but recommended that MIT consider changing some of its internal policies.\n\n", "Q538550": "V\u00edctor Montoya (born 1958) is a Bolivian writer, cultural journalist, and pedagogue. Imprisoned by the dictatorship in his native Bolivia, he became an exile following a campaign by Amnesty International in 1977.", "Q103731": "Kurt Eggers (10 November 1905 \u2013 12 August 1943) was a German writer, poet, songwriter, and playwright with close links to the Nazi party. He served as both a member of a propaganda company (Propagandakompanie) and a Waffen-SS man in World War II, and died in a tank regiment on the Eastern Front.", "Q846413": "Mill Valley is a city in Marin County, California, United States, located about 14 miles (23 km) north of San Francisco via the Golden Gate Bridge and 52 miles from Napa Valley. The population was 13,903 at the 2010 census.\nMill Valley is located on the western and northern shores of Richardson Bay, and the eastern slopes of Mount Tamalpais. Beyond the flat coastal area and marshlands, it occupies narrow wooded canyons, mostly of second-growth redwoods, on the southeastern slopes of Mount Tamalpais. The Mill Valley 94941 ZIP Code also includes the following adjacent unincorporated communities: Almonte, Alto, Homestead Valley, Tamalpais Valley, and Strawberry. The Muir Woods National Monument is also located just outside the city limits.", "Q333886": "Georgetown University is a private research university in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Founded by Bishop John Carroll in 1789 as Georgetown College, the university has grown to comprise ten undergraduate and graduate schools, among which are the School of Foreign Service, School of Business, Medical School, Law School, and a campus in Qatar. Located on a hill above the Potomac River, the school's main campus is identifiable by its flagship Healy Hall, a National Historic Landmark.\nGeorgetown is the oldest Catholic and Jesuit institution of higher education in the United States. The Jesuits have participated in the university's academic life, both as scholars and as administrators, since 1805. However, the university has always been governed independently of the church, and the majority of Georgetown students are not Catholic.Georgetown is a highly selective school, accepting 15 percent of undergraduate applicants for its class of 2024. The university offers degree programs in forty-eight disciplines, enrolling an average of 7,500 undergraduate and 10,000 post-graduate students from more than 135 countries. Georgetown's notable alumni include 26 Rhodes Scholars, 21 Marshall Scholars, U.S. Presidents, billionaires, and U.S. Supreme Court Justices, as well as international royalty and heads of state. The school produces more U.S. diplomats than any other university and is among the top producers of members of the United States Congress. Georgetown is also a top feeder school for careers in finance and investment banking on Wall Street.Georgetown is home to the country's largest student-run business, largest student-run financial institution, the oldest continuously running student theatre troupe, and one of the oldest debating societies in the United States. The school's athletic teams are nicknamed the Hoyas and include a men's basketball team that has won a record-tying seven Big East championships, appeared in five Final Fours, and won a national championship in 1984. The university also has a co-ed sailing team that holds thirteen national championships and one world championship title.", "Q892124": "Buenaventura Carlos Aribau (1798\u20131862) was a Spanish writer and politician who wrote in Spanish, Catalan, Latin, and Italian.", "Q70057": "B\u00fcren (Swiss German: B\u00fc\u00fcre) is a municipality in the district of Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q66635": "Schattdorf is a village and a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.", "Q943219": "Edwin Maximilian \"Eddie\" Hayes, Jr. (born September 30, 1970), better known by his stage name Aceyalone, is an American rapper from Los Angeles, California, United States. He is a member of Freestyle Fellowship, Haiku D'Etat and The A-Team and a co-founder of Project Blowed. Aceyalone is best known for his role in evolving left-field hip-hop on the West Coast at a time when the West Coast was dominated by Gangsta Rap.", "Q1185037": "Beverly Hills High School (usually abbreviated as Beverly or as BHHS) is the only major public high school in Beverly Hills, California. The other public high school in Beverly Hills, Moreno High School, is a small alternative school located on Beverly's campus.\nBeverly is part of the Beverly Hills Unified School District and located on 19.5 acres (7.9 ha) on the west side of Beverly Hills, at the border of the Century City area of Los Angeles. The land was previously part of the Beverly Hills Speedway board track, which was torn down in 1924. Beverly, which serves all of Beverly Hills, was founded in 1927. The original buildings were designed by Robert D. Farquhar in the French Normandy style. The school previously received income from its on-campus oil tower.\n\n", "Q105340": "Baron Johann von Berenberg-Gossler (born 13 February 1839 in Hamburg, died 8 December 1913 in Hamburg; n\u00e9 Johann Gossler), known as \"John,\" was a German banker from the city-state of Hamburg and owner and head of Berenberg Bank from 1879 until his death.\nHe was a member of the Hanseatic Berenberg/Gossler family and the son of banker Johann Heinrich Gossler (1805\u20131879), grandson of banker and senator Johann Heinrich Gossler and great-grandson of banker Johann Hinrich Gossler. His uncle was First Mayor and President of the Senate (head of state) Hermann Gossler. His mother was Mary Elizabeth Bray (1810\u20131886), a granddaughter of Samuel Eliot and a member of the Eliot family from Boston.\nKnown as \"John Bi\" (B pronounced in English) by his friends, he was a Sch\u00f6ngeist. He loved music and the theatre, and wanted to study languages, literature and history. But his father had destined him to become a banker. After apprenticeships in England, France, North and South America, he became an associ\u00e9 of his father's bank in 1864. After the death of his father in 1879, he became head of Berenberg Bank.\nIn 1880, the Hamburg senate granted him the name of Berenberg-Gossler in recognition of the fact that he was the owner of the Berenberg Bank (the Berenberg family became extinct in the male line in 1773, but the Gosslers were descended from the family through the family's last member Elisabeth Berenberg married Gossler, who died in 1822). In 1888, Johann Berenberg-Gossler was ennobled in the Kingdom of Prussia (although he was a citizen of Hamburg and not of Prussia) and conferred the title of Baron in 1910. The ennoblement was controversial within his family and Hamburg high society, as nobility (which did not exist in Hamburg) was frowned upon by the staunchly republican Hamburg grand burghers. His sister Susanne, married Amsinck, exclaimed \"Aber John, unser guter Name!\"Johann von Berenberg-Gossler was less inclined to take risks than his father, and closed the bank's branches in New York City and Boston in 1880 and 1891 respectively. At the time of his death, he was the second richest person in Hamburg.\nHe was the father of Senator and Ambassador John von Berenberg-Gossler (1866\u20131943) and banker Baron Cornelius von Berenberg-Gossler (1874\u20131953). His son John von Berenberg-Gossler became a politician despite his father's wish that he would succeed him as head of the bank, and therefore had to give up his shares in the company. He was succeeded as head of the bank and as Baron of Berenberg-Gossler (a title tied to the ownership of Gut Niendorf) by his younger son Cornelius von Berenberg-Gossler.", "Q3834": "Konstanz (US: , German: [\u02c8k\u0254nstants] (listen), locally: [\u02c8k\u0254n\u0283tants] (listen); English: Constance) is a university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Lake Constance in the south of Germany, bordering Switzerland. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was for more than 1200 years residence of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Konstanz.", "Q214593": "August Gottlieb Meissner (3 November 1753 \u2013 18 February 1807) was a German writer of the Enlightenment and is considered the founder of the German detective story.", "Q106649": "Ernie Reinhardt, better known as Lilo Wanders, (born 22 September 1955 in Celle as Ernst-Johann Reinhardt) is a famous German transvestite entertainer, comedian and theatre/television host.\nReinhardt attended the Gymnasium Walsrode and went on to become an entertainer. He was one of the founders of the Schmidt-Theater on the Reeperbahn in Hamburg in 1988. From 1994 on until 2004 he was in his transvestite role as Lilo Wanders the host(es) of the German TV sex/erotic show Wa(h)re Liebe (a pun on true love and commodity love) on VOX.\n\n", "Q15803": "Simon Jenko (October 27, 1835 \u2013 October 18, 1869) was a Slovene poet, lyricist and writer.\nJenko was born in Podre\u010da in the Sora Plain (Sor\u0161ko polje) in Upper Carniola, then part of the Austrian Empire, now in Slovenia, as an illegitimate son of poor peasant parents. Later he moved with his parents to Pra\u0161e, which was the very inspiration for most of his poems and short stories. The local clergy enabled him to study in Novo Mesto, Klagenfurt, and Ljubljana. Contrary to their will, however, Jenko decided not to become a priest, but enrolled at the University of Vienna, where he studied law, classical philology, and history.\nTogether with Fran Levstik, Josip Jur\u010di\u010d, Josip Stritar, Simon Gregor\u010di\u010d, and Fran Erjavec, he belonged to the group of prominent Slovenes that embraced a progressive and nationalist political ideology (often with Pan-Slavic elements) and introduced literary realism in Slovenian literature. He mostly wrote lyrical and patriotic poems, which reveal an influence of late romanticism. He also wrote short prose in a realistic style.\nHe was the cousin of the composer Davorin Jenko. The two composed the song Naprej zastava slave together, which used to be the unofficial Slovenian national anthem up to the 1980s.\nHe died in Kranj.\nThe Jenko Award bestowed each year for the best poetry collection in Slovene published in the previous two years by the Slovene Writers' Association is named after Simon Jenko.", "Q178383": "Eino Alex Soinio (n\u00e9 Salin, 12 November 1894 \u2013 7 December 1973) was a Finnish association football player. Together with his elder brother Kaarlo he was part of the Finnish team that placed fourth in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He played all four matches and scored one goal. In total he played 40 times for Finland between 1912 and 1927.", "Q126599": "Kristen Jaymes Stewart (born April 9, 1990) is an American actress and filmmaker. She is the recipient of several accolades, including a C\u00e9sar Award, which she was the first American actress to win. She was the highest-paid actress in the world in 2010 and 2012.\nBorn and raised in Los Angeles to an American father and Australian mother, both of whom work in show business, Stewart began her career as a child actress in 1999. She gained notice in 2002 for playing the daughter of Jodie Foster's character in the thriller Panic Room, which garnered her a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Leading Actress in a Feature Film. She subsequently starred in Speak (2004), Catch That Kid (2004), Zathura: A Space Adventure (2005), and Into the Wild (2007). In 2010, she was awarded the BAFTA Rising Star Award. Stewart went on to gain wide recognition for playing Bella Swan in The Twilight Saga film series (2008\u20132012), which collectively grossed over $3.3 billion worldwide.After starring in the fantasy film Snow White and the Huntsman (2012), Stewart eschewed parts in big-budget films in favour of independent productions for the next few years. She took on roles in the dramas Camp X-Ray and Still Alice (both 2014), and the science fiction romance Equals (2016). In 2015, she received critical acclaim for her role opposite Juliette Binoche in Olivier Assayas's French film Clouds of Sils Maria, for which she won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Supporting Actress. Stewart reunited with Assayas the following year in the supernatural thriller Personal Shopper (2016) and made her directorial debut with the 2017 short film Come Swim. She returned to mainstream Hollywood with leading roles in the action films Charlie's Angels (2019) and Underwater (2020).", "Q275179": "Pamelia Stickney (formerly known as Pamelia Kurstin) is an American theremin player. She has performed and recorded with many artists including David Byrne, Yoko Ono, B\u00e9la Fleck and the Flecktones, Seb Rochford, Otto Lechner and Simone Dinnerstein, and was instrumental to the final design of Robert Moog's Etherwave Pro Theremin, for which she was the primary test musician. Kurstin has made various film, television and radio appearances, most notably on Saturday Night Live, and in the 2004 documentary Moog.Stickney has also presented talks at events such as TED. Her background as a jazz musician on the upright bass has led to develop a \"walking bass\" theremin technique. She was based in New York until 2005; she now lives in Vienna, Austria.\nStickney was first introduced to the theremin during production of the album Into the Oh in 1999 by Luaka Bop duo Geggy Tah \u2013 singer/writer Tommy Jordan and keyboardist Greg Kurstin. She recorded Gymnopedie in 2000 as a member of the theremin/keyboard duo called \"The Kurstins\" with her then-husband, Greg. Her first solo album Thinking Out Loud was released in 2007 on John Zorn's Tzadik label. In 2011 the London-based label Slowfoot released Ouch Evil Slow Hop, a collaboration between Pamelia and Seb Rochford.\nIn 2013, Stickney formed Blueblut with Mark Holub and Chris Janka. The Vienna-based trio released their first album hurts so gut on Bandcamp in 2014.", "Q215855": "Jeffrey Scott Buckley (November 17, 1966 \u2013 May 29, 1997), raised as Scott Moorhead, was an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. After a decade as a session guitarist in Los Angeles, Buckley amassed a following in the early 1990s by playing cover songs at venues in Manhattan's East Village such as Sin-\u00e9, gradually focusing more on his own material. After rebuffing much interest from record labels and Herb Cohen, the manager of his singer father, Tim Buckley, he signed with Columbia, recruited a band, and recorded what would be his only studio album, Grace, in 1994.\nOver the following three years, the band toured extensively to promote the album, including concerts in the U.S., Europe, Japan, and Australia. In 1996, they stopped touring and made sporadic attempts to record Buckley's second album in New York City with Tom Verlaine as producer.\nIn 1997, Buckley moved to Memphis, Tennessee, to resume work on the album, to be titled My Sweetheart the Drunk, recording many four-track demos while also playing weekly solo shows at a local venue. On May 29, 1997, while awaiting the arrival of his band from New York, he drowned during a spontaneous evening swim, fully clothed, in the Mississippi River when he was caught in the wake of a passing boat; his body was found on June 4.Since his death, there have been many posthumous releases of his material, including a collection of four-track demos and studio recordings for his unfinished second album My Sweetheart the Drunk, expansions of Grace, and the Live at Sin-\u00e9 EP. Chart success also came posthumously: with his cover of Leonard Cohen's song \"Hallelujah\" he attained his first number one on Billboard's Hot Digital Songs in March 2008 and reached number 2 in the UK Singles Chart that December. Buckley and his work remain popular and are regularly featured in \"greatest\" lists in the music press; in 2004, Rolling Stone listed him at number 39 on their list of greatest singers of all time.", "Q1174970": "Charles David Kersh (born December 9, 1970 in Humble, Texas) is an American former country music singer who made his debut in 1996. His first album, Goodnight Sweetheart, was released that year, producing four singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. A second album, titled If I Never Stop Loving You, was released a year later, producing three additional chart singles. Although he never charted after 1998, Kersh remained active in the music business until 2005.", "Q23369": "Sir Arthur William Fadden, (13 April 1894 \u2013 21 April 1973) was an Australian politician who served as Prime Minister of Australia from 29 August to 7 October 1941. He was the leader of the Country Party from 1940 to 1958.\nFadden was born in Ingham, Queensland, to Irish immigrant parents. He was raised in Walkerston, and left school at the age of 15. He was appointed town clerk of Mackay in 1916, but following the 1918 cyclone moved to Townsville and opened an accountancy firm. He was elected to the Townsville City Council in 1930, and in 1932 was elected to the Queensland Legislative Assembly for the Country and Progressive National Party. Fadden lost his seat in 1935, but the following year won a by-election to the federal Division of Darling Downs.\nIn March 1940, Fadden was named a minister without portfolio in the government of Robert Menzies, who led the United Australia Party in a coalition with the Country Party. A few months later, following the deaths of three senior ministers in an air crash, he took over as Minister for Air and Minister for Civil Aviation. In October 1940, Fadden replaced Harold Thorby as deputy leader of the Country Party. The leadership was vacant at the time, following Archie Cameron's resignation, so Fadden became acting leader of the party and de facto deputy prime minister. Menzies subsequently promoted him to Treasurer of Australia.\nFadden served as acting prime minister for four months early in 1941 (while Menzies was away in Europe), and became popular for his conciliatory manner. He became the official leader of the Country Party following a ballot in March 1941. In August 1941, Menzies resigned as prime minister after losing the confidence of his ministry. Fadden was elected leader of the UAP\u2013Country coalition in his place, and consequently became prime minister. However, he held office for just 39 days before being replaced by John Curtin, whose Labor Party had successfully moved a motion of no confidence. After losing the prime ministership, Fadden continued on as Leader of the Opposition for two more years. He eventually resigned in favour of Menzies following the coalition's massive defeat at the 1943 election.\nWhen Menzies returned as prime minister in 1949, Fadden became Treasurer for a second time, holding office until his retirement from politics in 1958. Only Peter Costello has served in the position for longer. Fadden enjoyed one of the most rapid rises in Australian political history, moving from private citizen to the prime ministership in just 11 years. He was the first prime minister born in Queensland, and the first and only member of the Country Party to become prime minister with his own mandate (rather than just serving as a caretaker after the death of a predecessor).", "Q168190": "Zbigniew Franciszek Wassermann (IPA: [\u02c8zbi\u0261\u0272\u025bv \u02c8vas\u025brman] (listen); 17 September 1949 \u2013 10 April 2010) was a Polish politician. He was an MP representing Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwo\u015b\u0107).\nWassermann was born in Krak\u00f3w. He was a graduate in law from Jagiellonian University (Uniwersytet Jagiello\u0144ski, Wydzia\u0142 Prawa) and member of Sejm, lower house of Polish parliament, elected in Krakow constituency.\nFrom July 2004, he was a member and the vice-chairman of PKN Orlen investigation commission. From November 2005 to November 2007 he was Minister of Special Forces in the Governments of Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz and Jaroslaw Kaczynski.\nHe was listed on the flight manifest of the Tupolev Tu-154 of the 36th Special Aviation Regiment carrying the President of Poland Lech Kaczy\u0144ski which crashed near Smolensk-North airport near Pechersk near Smolensk, Russia, on 10 April 2010, killing all aboard.\nOn April 16, 2010, Wassermann was decorated posthumously with the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and on April 20, 2010 he was buried in a cemetery in Krakow Bielany.", "Q437111": "Dagmar Peckov\u00e1 (born 4 April 1961) is a Czech operatic mezzo-soprano.\nBorn in the Medle\u0161ice district of Chrudim, Peckov\u00e1 studied singing at the Prague Conservatory. She then became part of the young artist's program at the Semperoper in Dresden in 1985. After two years in the program she was made a principal artist at that house in 1987. In 1988 she was appointed to the Berlin State Opera where she was a principal artist for many years. She has also been highly active as a guest artist on the international stage, performing with such companies as the Bavarian State Opera, De Nederlandse Opera, the Deutsche Oper Berlin, the Edinburgh Festival, the Hamburg State Opera, the Liceu, the Op\u00e9ra National de Paris, the Prague National Theatre, the Royal Opera, London, the San Francisco Opera, the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre des Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es, and the Zurich Opera among others. In 2000 she portrayed the role of the Pilgrim in the world premiere of Kaija Saariaho's L'amour de loin at the Salzburg Festival.\nIn 1995 the asteroid 18460 Peckov\u00e1 was named after her and in 1999 she received a Thalia Award. She has made a number of recordings on the Supraphon label, including a disc of Mozart arias, a disc of songs by Mahler and Berio, and a complete recording of the role of Varvara in Leo\u0161 Jan\u00e1\u010dek's K\u00e1\u0165a Kabanov\u00e1. She currently lives in Heuweiler, Germany with her husband Klaus Schiesser, a German musician.", "Q151711": "Marie-Jo and Her Two Lovers (French: Marie-Jo et ses deux amours) is a 2002 French drama film directed by Robert Gu\u00e9diguian. It was entered into the 2002 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q185226": "Nogizaka46 (\u4e43\u6728\u574246, Nogizaka Forty-six) is a Japanese female idol group produced by Yasushi Akimoto, created as the official rival (\u516c\u5f0f\u30e9\u30a4\u30d0\u30eb, k\u014dshiki raibaru) of the group AKB48. They are the first group from the Sakamichi Series, which also includes sister groups Keyakizaka46, Yoshimotozaka46, and Hinatazaka46.\nThe group's musical catalogue includes twenty-five singles and five compilation albums. Starting with their third single, each of Nogizaka46's single releases have reached the top position on the weekly Oricon chart, and each single since \"Influencer\" has sold at least one million copies. The group has also created radio shows, theater productions, television programs, and films, including NogiBingo!, Hatsumori Bemars, Nogizaka Under Construction, Asahinagu, and a series of documentary films about the group.\nNogizaka46 has twice won the Grand Prix at the annual Japan Record Awards, with consecutive wins for \"Influencer\" in 2017 and \"Synchronicity\" in 2018. The group has sold nearly 18 million CDs in Japan.\n\n", "Q274267": "Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier (3 November 1912 \u2013 11 December 1996), born Marie-Claude Vogel, was a member of the French Resistance as well as a photojournalist, Communist and later, French politician.\n\n", "Q72898": "Adolf Sch\u00e4rf (20 April 1890 \u2013 28 February 1965) was an Austrian politician of the Socialist Party of Austria (SP\u00d6). He served as Vice-Chancellor from 1945 to 1957 and as President of Austria from 1957 until his death.", "Q204958": "Funeral in Berlin is a 1966 British spy film directed by Guy Hamilton and based on the novel of the same name by Len Deighton. It is the second of three 1960s films starring Michael Caine as the character Harry Palmer that followed the characters from the initial film, The Ipcress File (1965). The third film was Billion Dollar Brain (1967).\n\n", "Q98299": "Nicolas \"Nic\" Romm (born 1974 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada) is a German actor.", "Q158047": "The Blue Angel (German: Der blaue Engel) is a 1930 German tragicomedic film directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring Emil Jannings, Marlene Dietrich, and Kurt Gerron. Written by Carl Zuckmayer, Karl Vollm\u00f6ller and Robert Liebmann \u2013 with uncredited contributions by Sternberg \u2013 it is based on Heinrich Mann's 1905 novel Professor Unrat (Professor Garbage) and set in Weimar Germany. The Blue Angel presents the tragic transformation of a respectable professor to a cabaret clown and his descent into madness. The film is the first feature-length German full-talkie and brought Dietrich international fame. In addition, it introduced her signature song, Friedrich Hollaender and Robert Liebmann's \"Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)\". It is considered to be a classic of German cinema.\nThe film was shot simultaneously in German- and English-language versions, although the latter version was thought lost for many years. The German version is considered to be \"obviously superior\"; it is longer and not marred by actors struggling with their English pronunciation.", "Q72654": "Magnus Alexander Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (7 February 1878 \u2013 29 August 1972) was a German civil servant and conservative politician whose career spanned the German Empire, World War I and the Weimar Republic. He served as the Federal Minister of Nutrition and Agriculture from 1 June 1932 to 28 January 1933.", "Q34601": "Chilon of Sparta (fl. 6th century BC) was a Spartan and one of the Seven Sages of Greece.", "Q168184": "Jill Elizabeth Pitkeathley, Baroness Pitkeathley, (n\u00e9e Bisson; born 4 January 1940) is a British Labour Party member of the House of Lords.\nHer first job was working for Manchester City Council as a trainee child care officer in 1961. She was paid \u00a3660 a year.She worked in the voluntary sector, as chief executive of Carers National Association (now renamed Carers UK) for which she was awarded an OBE in the 1993 Birthday Honours. Mrs Pitkeathley was created a life peer as Baroness Pitkeathley, of Caversham in the Royal County of Berkshire on 6 October 1997. Since 1998 she has been chair of one of the lottery distributors, the New Opportunities Fund. In 2004, she was appointed chair of the Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (CAFCASS). Lady Pitkeathley also chaired the Office for Civil Society Advisory Body until its abolition in March 2011.Lady Pitkeathley was a founding member of acevo, the Association of Chief Executives of Voluntary Organisations. She is a trustee of Cumberland Lodge.\n\n", "Q65328": "Schinznach-Bad is a former municipality in the district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the municipality of Schinznach-Bad merged into Brugg.", "Q888168": "Bob Nolan (born Robert Clarence Nobles, April 13, 1908 \u2013 June 16, 1980) was a Canadian-born American singer, songwriter, and actor. He was a founding member of the Sons of the Pioneers, and composer of numerous Country music and Western music songs, including the standards \"Cool Water\" and \"Tumbling Tumbleweeds.\" He is generally regarded as one of the finest Western songwriters of all time. As an actor and singer he appeared in scores of Western films.", "Q467732": "Musa Khiramanovich Manarov (Russian: \u041c\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0425\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432; born March 22, 1951 in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR) is a former cosmonaut who spent 541 days in space.He was a colonel in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute with an engineering qualification in 1974. Musa was selected as a cosmonaut on December 1, 1978.\nFrom December 21, 1987 to December 21, 1988 he flew as flight engineer on Soyuz TM-4. The flight duration was 365 days 22 hours 38 minutes. From December 2, 1990 to May 26, 1991 he flew again as a flight engineer on Soyuz TM-11. The duration was 175 days 1 hour 50 minutes, the longest continuous time spent in space by anyone at that time. During his 176-day stay, Manarov observed the Earth and worked in space manufacturing. He also performed 20 hours of spacewalks. Manarov lives in Russia.", "Q575444": "Mark Sayers McGrath (born March 15, 1968) is an American singer who is the lead vocalist of the rock band Sugar Ray. McGrath is also known for his work as a co-host of Extra, and he was the host of Don't Forget the Lyrics! in 2010. McGrath hosted the second season of the TV show Killer Karaoke, taking the place of Jackass star Steve-O.\nIn 2018, McGrath was cast to compete in the first American season of Celebrity Big Brother, in which he made it to finale night, but was eliminated in the final eviction prior to the final two.", "Q151705": "The Hunted is a 2003 American action thriller film directed by William Friedkin and starring Tommy Lee Jones and Benicio del Toro.", "Q5202403": "The National University of Engineering (Spanish: Universidad Nacional de Ingenier\u00eda, UNI) is a public engineering and science university located in the R\u00edmac District of Lima, Peru.", "Q2145031": "The Appalachian dulcimer (many variant names; see below) is a fretted string instrument of the zither family, typically with three or four strings, originally played in the Appalachian region of the United States. The body extends the length of the fingerboard, and its fretting is generally diatonic.", "Q451280": "And Along Come Tourists is a 2007 German dramatic film that was written and directed by Robert Thalheim. The principal characters are a young German doing civilian service at the former German Auschwitz concentration camp and an elderly camp survivor living there. Thalheim himself did his civilian service (Zivildienst) at the International Youth Meeting Center in O\u015bwi\u0119cim/Auschwitz in 1996\u20131997, and portions of the film were shot at the Center and in the nearby town of O\u015bwi\u0119cim, Poland. Filming was not permitted at the site of the concentration camp itself, where more than one million persons had been murdered by the end of the Second World War in 1945.The film's title in German, Am Ende kommen Touristen, is taken from a volume of poetry published by Bj\u00f6rn Kuhligk in 2000.\nThe principal performers are Alexander Fehling as Sven Lehnert and Ryszard Ronczewski as the survivor Stanislaw Krzemi\u0144ski. Barbara Wysocka plays Ania \u0141anuszewskaa, a young Polish woman from O\u015bwi\u0119cim with whom Sven develops a romantic relationship.\nThe film premi\u00e8red on 16 August 2007 in Germany; its North American premi\u00e8re was on 12 September 2007 at the Toronto International Film Festival. In 2010 and 2011 the film was broadcast on German television.In 2007 Bonnie J. Gordon wrote of the film that it is \"a quiet triumph ... economically blends modern life's truths, such as the fragility of 20-something love affairs, with universal themes, such as the search for meaning and the human need to expiate guilt.\" J\u00fcrgen Fauth wrote \"Without ever resorting to preachiness, Thalheim, who was a Zivi at Auschwitz himself, offers incisive insights into the thorny contradictions and treacherous cross-currents of guilt and memory that turn any kind of exploration of the overbearing past into a minefield.\"The film was nominated for the German Film Award for Best Feature Film (the \"Lola\"). Alexander Fehling received the F\u00f6rderpreis Neues Deutsches Kino (Advancement Prize for New German Cinema) for his performance as Sven. A version of the film was broadcast on German television in 2010 and 2011, for which Robert Thalheim won the Eberhard-Fechner Award.A DVD version of the film was released in Europe in 2008. A region 1 DVD (for North America) has not been released.", "Q215699": "Wolf Heinrich Friedrich Karl Graf von Baudissin (30 January 1789 \u2013 4 April 1878) was a German diplomat, writer, and translator.\nBorn in Rantzau, Holstein, in 1810 Baudissin entered the diplomatic service of the Danish government serving as secretary of legation successively in Stockholm, Vienna, and Paris. After 1827, he lived and worked in Dresden. There he collaborated on translations of William Shakespeare with August Wilhelm Schlegel, Ludwig Tieck and Dorothea Tieck. Independently, he translated Moli\u00e8re, Carlo Goldoni, Carlo Gozzi, and others.", "Q949046": "Nils Ole Hilmer Torvalds (born 7 August 1945) is a Finnish politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP). He is a member of the Swedish People's Party of Finland, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.\nSwedo-Finnish Torvalds is the son of the poet Ole Torvalds, and the father of the software engineer Linus Torvalds of Linux kernel fame.", "Q433363": "Laodice V (flourished 2nd century BC, died 150 BC) was a Seleucid princess. Through marriage to Perseus king of Macedon she was a Queen of the ruling Antigonid dynasty in Macedonia and possibly later of the Seleucid dynasty.", "Q4197": "Cuxhaven (German pronunciation: [k\u028aks\u02c8ha\u02d0f\u0259n]) is an independent town and seat of the Cuxhaven district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. The town includes the northernmost point of Lower Saxony. It is situated on the shore of the North Sea at the mouth of the Elbe River. Cuxhaven has a footprint of 14 kilometres (9 miles) (east\u2013west) by 7 km (4 mi) (north\u2013south). Its town quarters Duhnen, D\u00f6se and Sahlenburg are especially popular vacation spots on the North Sea and home to about 52,000 residents.\nCuxhaven is home to an important fisherman's wharf and ship registration point for Hamburg as well as the Kiel Canal until 2008. Tourism is also of great importance. The city and its precursor Ritzeb\u00fcttel belonged to Hamburg from the 13th century until 1937. The island of Neuwerk, a Hamburg dependency, is located just northwest of Cuxhaven in the North Sea. The city's symbol, known as the Kugelbake, is a beacon once used as a lighthouse; the wooden landmark on the mouth of the Elbe marks the boundary between the river and the North Sea and also adorns the city's coat of arms.", "Q134189": "Plotinus (; Greek: \u03a0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, Pl\u014dtinos; c.\u2009204/5 \u2013 270) was a major Hellenistic philosopher who lived in Roman Egypt. In his philosophy, described in the Enneads, there are three principles: the One, the Intellect, and the Soul. His teacher was Ammonius Saccas, who was of the Platonic tradition. Historians of the 19th century invented the term Neoplatonism and applied it to Plotinus and his philosophy, which was influential during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Much of the biographical information about Plotinus comes from Porphyry's preface to his edition of Plotinus' Enneads. His metaphysical writings have inspired centuries of Pagan, Jewish, Christian, Gnostic, and Islamic metaphysicians and mystics, including developing precepts that influence mainstream theological concepts within religions, such as his work on duality of the One in two metaphysical states. This concept is similar to the Christian notion of Jesus being both god and man, a foundational idea in Christian theology.", "Q333892": "Artur Adson (3 February [O.S. 22 January] 1889 \u2013 5 January 1977) was an Estonian poet, writer and theatre critic.", "Q95971": "Albert Abraham Wolff (31 December 1825, Cologne \u2013 22 December 1891, Paris), was a French writer, dramatist, journalist, and art critic who was born in Germany.", "Q302497": "A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mando\u02c8li\u02d0no]; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum. It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are typically tuned in a succession of perfect fifths, with the same tuning as a violin. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.\nThere are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top\u2014both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.\n\nOther mandolin varieties differ primarily in the number of strings and include four-string models (tuned in fifths) such as the Brescian and Cremonese, six-string types (tuned in fourths) such as the Milanese, Lombard and the Sicilian and 6 course instruments of 12 strings (two strings per course) such as the Genoese. There has also been a twelve-string (three strings per course) type and an instrument with sixteen-strings (four strings per course).\nMuch of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder\u2014using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes\u2014but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There are usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic f (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.", "Q1891628": "Manuel Lisa, also known as Manuel de Lisa (September 8, 1772 in New Orleans Louisiana (New Spain) \u2013 August 12, 1820 in St. Louis, Missouri), was a Spanish citizen and later, became an American citizen who, while living on the western frontier, became a land owner, merchant, fur trader, United States Indian agent, and explorer. Lisa was among the founders, in St. Louis, of the Missouri Fur Company, an early fur trading company. Manuel Lisa gained respect through his trading among Native American tribes of the upper Missouri River region, such as the Teton Sioux, Omaha and Ponca.\nAfter being appointed, as US Indian agent, during the War of 1812, Lisa used his standing among the tribes to encourage their alliance with the United States and their warfare against tribes allied with the United Kingdom. While still married to a European-American woman in St. Louis, where he kept a residence, in 1814 Lisa married Mitane, a daughter of Big Elk, the principal chief of the Omaha people, as part of securing their alliance. They had two children together, whom Lisa provided for equally in his will with his children by his other marriage.", "Q69512": "Lyss is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011, the former municipality of Busswil bei B\u00fcren was merged with Lyss.", "Q125084": "John Hanning Speke (4 May 1827 \u2013 15 September 1864) was an English explorer and officer in the British Indian Army who made three exploratory expeditions to Africa. He is most associated with the search for the source of the Nile and was the first European to reach Lake Victoria. He is also known for propounding the Hamitic hypothesis in 1863, in which he supposed that the Wahuma ethnic group were descendants of the biblical figure Ham, and had lighter skin and more Hamitic features than the Bantu over whom they ruled.", "Q76432": "Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (; German: [\u02c8f\u026a\u0281\u00e7o] or [\u02c8v\u026a\u0281\u00e7o]; 13 October 1821 \u2013 5 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician. He is known as \"the father of modern pathology\" and as the founder of social medicine, and to his colleagues, the \"Pope of medicine\". He received the Copley Medal in 1892. He was a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and was elected to the Prussian Academy of Sciences, but he declined to be ennobled as \"von Virchow\".\nVirchow studied medicine at the Friedrich-Wilhelms Institute under Johannes Peter M\u00fcller. He worked at the Charit\u00e9 hospital under Robert Froriep, whom he succeeded as the prosector. His investigation of the 1847\u20131848 typhus epidemic in Upper Silesia laid the foundation for public health in Germany, and paved his political and social careers. From it, he coined a well known aphorism: \"Medicine is a social science, and politics is nothing else but medicine on a large scale\". He participated in the Revolution of 1848, which led to his expulsion from Charit\u00e9 the next year. He then published a newspaper Die Medizinische Reform (The Medical Reform). He took the first Chair of Pathological Anatomy at the University of W\u00fcrzburg in 1849. After five years, Charit\u00e9 reinstated him to its new Institute for Pathology. He co-founded the political party Deutsche Fortschrittspartei, and was elected to the Prussian House of Representatives and won a seat in the Reichstag. His opposition to Otto von Bismarck's financial policy resulted in an anecdotal \"Sausage Duel\", although he supported Bismarck in his anti-Catholic campaigns, which he named Kulturkampf (\"culture struggle\").A prolific writer, he produced more than 2000 scientific writings. Cellular Pathology (1858), regarded as the root of modern pathology, introduced the third dictum in cell theory: Omnis cellula e cellula (\"All cells come from cells\"). He was a co-founder of Physikalisch-Medizinische Gesellschaft in 1849 and Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Pathologie in 1897. He founded journals such as Archiv f\u00fcr Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und f\u00fcr Klinische Medizin (with Benno Reinhardt in 1847, from 1903 under the title Virchows Archiv), and Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Ethnologie (Journal of Ethnology). The latter is published by German Anthropological Association and the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory, the societies which he also founded.Virchow was the first to describe and christen diseases such as leukemia, chordoma, ochronosis, embolism, and thrombosis. He coined biological terms such as \"chromatin\", \"neuroglia\", \"agenesis\", \"parenchyma\", \"osteoid\", \"amyloid degeneration\", and \"spina bifida\"; terms such as Virchow's node, Virchow\u2013Robin spaces, Virchow\u2013Seckel syndrome, and Virchow's triad are named after him. His description of the life cycle of a roundworm Trichinella spiralis influenced the practice of meat inspection. He developed the first systematic method of autopsy, and introduced hair analysis in forensic investigation. Virchow was critical of Ignaz Semmelweis and his idea of disinfecting, who said of him, \"Explorers of nature recognize no bugbears other than individuals who speculate\". He was critical of what he described as \"Nordic mysticism\" regarding the Aryan race. As an anti-evolutionist, he called Charles Darwin an \"ignoramus\" and his own student Ernst Haeckel a \"fool\". He described the original specimen of Neanderthal man as nothing but that of a deformed human.", "Q3820": "Beirut ( bay-ROOT; Arabic: \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u200e, romanized: Bayr\u016bt; French: Beyrouth, pronounced [b\u025b\u0281ut]) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. No recent population census has been conducted, but 2007 estimates ranged from slightly more than 1 million to 2.2 million as part of Greater Beirut, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region and the fifteenth-largest in the Arab world. Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coast, Beirut is an important regional seaport.\nIt is one of the oldest cities in the world, having been inhabited for more than 5,000 years. The first historical mention of Beirut is found in the Amarna letters from the New Kingdom of Egypt, which date to the 15th century BC.\nBeirut is Lebanon's seat of government and plays a central role in the Lebanese economy, with most banks and corporations based in its Central District, Badaro, Rue Verdun, Hamra, Ryad el Soleh street, and Achrafieh. Following the destructive Lebanese Civil War, Beirut's cultural landscape underwent major reconstruction. Identified and graded for accountancy, advertising, banking, finance and law, Beirut is ranked as a Beta World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.\n\n", "Q47837": "La\u00e2youne ( lah-YOON, also UK: ly-, French: [la.ajun]) or El Aai\u00fan ( EL eye-(Y)OON, Spanish: [el (a)a\u02c8\u029dun]; Hassaniya Arabic: \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646, romanized: La\u0295y\u016bn/El\u0295y\u016bn; Berber languages: \u2d4d\u2d44\u2d62\u2d53\u2d4f, romanized: Le\u025byun; Literary Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u200e, romanized: al-\u02bfUy\u016bn, lit. 'The Springs') is the largest city of the disputed territory of Western Sahara and de facto administered by Morocco. The modern city is thought to have been founded by the Spanish colonizer Antonio de Oro in 1938. In 1940, Spain designated it as the capital of the Spanish Sahara. La\u00e2youne (El Aai\u00fan) is the capital of the La\u00e2youne-Sakia El Hamra region administered by Morocco under the supervision of the UN peace-keeping mission in Western Sahara (MINURSO).\nThe town is divided in two by the dry river of Saguia el-Hamra. On the south side is the old lower town, constructed by Spanish colonists. A cathedral from that era is still active; its priests serve this city and Dakhla further south. Most people in Laayoune have Moroccan heritage.", "Q76354": "Muhammad Jusuf Kalla (listen ; born 15 May 1942) is an Indonesian politician and businessman who served as the 10th and 12th Vice President of Indonesia, the only vice president in Indonesian history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (2004\u20132009 and 2014\u20132019). He was unsuccessful as Golkar's presidential nominee in the 2009 presidential election. Since 2009 Kalla has served as the Chairman of the Indonesian Red Cross Society. Before Kalla declared himself as the running mate for Joko Widodo in the 2014 presidential election, a 2012 poll placed his popularity among likely voters in the top three contenders for the presidency and ahead of his own party's nominee Aburizal Bakrie. He is the first person to hold two non-consecutive terms as Vice President of Indonesia.\n\n", "Q315855": "Robert Michael Sheehan (Irish: Roibe\u00e1rd M\u00edche\u00e1l \u00d3 Siodhach\u00e1in; born 7 January 1988) is an Irish actor. He is best known for television roles such as Nathan Young in Misfits, Darren in Love/Hate, and Klaus Hargreeves in The Umbrella Academy, as well as film roles such as Tom Natsworthy in Mortal Engines and Simon Lewis in The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones.\nSheehan has received multiple Irish Film and Television Award and BAFTA Award nominations.", "Q172862": "Al-Hallaj (Arabic: \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062c\u200e Ab\u016b 'l-Mu\u0121\u012bth Al-\u1e24usayn bin Man\u1e63\u016br al-\u1e24all\u0101j) or Mansour Hallaj (Persian: \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u062c\u200e Mans\u016br-e Hall\u0101j) (c. 858 \u2013 26 March 922) (Hijri c. 244 AH \u2013 309 AH) was a Persian mystic, poet and teacher of Sufism. He is best known for his saying: \"I am the Truth\" (Ana 'l-\u1e24aqq), which many saw as a claim to divinity, while others interpreted it as an instance of annihilation of the ego which allows God to speak through the individual. Al-Hallaj gained a wide following as a preacher before he became implicated in power struggles of the Abbasid court and was executed after a long period of confinement on religious and political charges. Although most of his Sufi contemporaries disapproved of his actions, Hallaj later became a major figure in the Sufi tradition.\n\n", "Q3350961": "Olivier Dassault (born 1 June 1951) is a French politician and billionaire, and a deputy in the French National Assembly.", "Q220144": "SOAS University of London (; the School of Oriental and African Studies) is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London. Founded in 1916, SOAS is located in the heart of Bloomsbury, in central London.\nSOAS is the world's leading institution for the study of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. It houses the Brunei Gallery, built from an endowment from the Sultan of Brunei Darussalam, and inaugurated by the Princess Royal, as Chancellor of the University of London, on 22 November 1995. The Brunei Gallery hosts a programme of changing contemporary and historical exhibitions from Asia, Africa and the Middle East with the aim to present and promote cultures from these regions.\nSOAS is divided into three faculties: Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Faculty of Languages and Cultures and Faculty of Law and Social Sciences. It is home to the SOAS School of Law which is one of leading law schools in the UK. The university offers around 350 undergraduate bachelor's degree combinations, more than 100 one-year master's degrees and PhD programmes in nearly every department. The university is one of the best small group teaching's in the UK with a student-staff ratio of 11:1.\nSOAS is ranked 44th by The Complete University Guide 2020, 58th by The Guardian University Guide 2020 and 36th by The Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide 2020. It is ranked 6th in the world for Development Studies by QS World University Rankings 2020 (4th in the world in 2018). The university has produced several heads of states, government ministers, diplomats, central bankers, Supreme Court judges, a Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and many other notable leaders around the world. SOAS is a member of Association of Commonwealth Universities.", "Q698992": "Baren (Chinese: \u5df4\u4eba; pinyin: B\u0101r\u00e9n; 1901\u20131972), was a modern Chinese writer, critic and translator.\nBaren was born Wang Renshu (Chinese: \u738b\u4efb\u53d4; pinyin: W\u00e1ng R\u00e8nsh\u016b) in Fenghua, Zhejiang. He went to elementary school when he was 8, and entered the Fourth Normal School of Zhejiang in 1915. After graduating in 1920, he became a grade school teacher. In 1923 he started to write short stories and poems, and joined the Literature Research Society. One year later, Baren became a member of the Communist Party of China. In 1930, he joined the League of the Left-Wing Writers. When the anti-Japanese War broke out, Baren stayed in Shanghai to publicize anti-war culture. In 1942, he went to Indonesia, pursuing the anti-war movement. He returned to China in 1948.\nAfter the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as Chinese ambassador to Indonesia and the director of the People's Literature Publishing House. Baren was persecuted and put to death during the Cultural Revolution.\nBaren preferred fiction writing. He created collections of short stories including Jail, Shack, In the Decline and Martyrdom, novellas such as Vagrant Life of Ah Quei and Badge, and the novel Rebellion of Mang Xiucai. His work on literary theory, On Literature, was heavily influenced by the ideals of anti-Soviet critics.", "Q614016": "Piotr Becza\u0142a (born December 28, 1966) is a Polish operatic tenor.\n\n", "Q782060": "Rocko Schamoni, (born May 8, 1966 in L\u00fctjenburg) real name is Tobias Albrecht, is a German entertainer, author, musician, club proprietor and member of the comedy ensemble Studio Braun.\n\n", "Q69274": "Lichtensteig is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q531560": "G\u00f6k\u015fin Sipahio\u011flu (28 December 1926 \u2013 5 October 2011) was a Turkish photographer and journalist who founded the Paris-based photo agency Sipa Press. He spent most of his life in Paris where the French media dubbed him \"le Grand Turc\". He also helped found the Kadik\u00f6y Sports Club, now best known for the Efes Pilsen basketball team.\nHe was the editor of the Istanbul Express and played an active role in the riot against non-Muslims of Turkey on 6 to 7 September 1955. In an interview conducted in 1991 regarding the 1955 riots he stated that; \"The attacks of 6/7 September were certainly planned by the Special Operations Unit. It was an extremely premediated operation and it accomplished its objective. Let me ask you; wasn't it a extraordinarily successful action?\".", "Q2280": "Minsk (Belarusian: \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0441\u043a [m\u02b2insk], traditional Belarusian: \u041c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a [m\u02b2ensk], Russian: \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a, Polish: Mi\u0144sk, lituaniain: Minskas) is the capital and largest city of Belarus, situated on the Svisla\u010d and the Nyamiha Rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the administrative centre of Minsk Region (voblas\u0107) and Minsk District (rajon). The population in January 2018 was 1,982,444, (not including suburbs) making Minsk the 11th most populous city in Europe. Minsk is the administrative capital of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and seat of its Executive Secretary.\nThe earliest historical references to Minsk date to the 11th century (1067), when it was noted as a provincial city within the Principality of Polotsk. The settlement developed on the rivers. In 1242, Minsk became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It received town privileges in 1499.From 1569, it was a capital of the Minsk Voivodeship, in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was part of a region annexed by the Russian Empire in 1793, as a consequence of the Second Partition of Poland. From 1919 to 1991, after the Russian Revolution, Minsk was the capital of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, in the Soviet Union. In June 2019, Minsk hosted the 2019 European Games.", "Q276302": "Michael Emerson (born September 7, 1954) is an American film and television actor who is best known for his roles as serial killer William Hinks on The Practice, Benjamin Linus on Lost, Zep Hindle in the first Saw film, Cayden James on Arrow and Harold Finch on the CBS series Person of Interest. Emerson has also worked extensively in theater and narration. He has won two Primetime Emmy Awards and been nominated for three others, as well as receiving other awards and nominations. He currently stars as Dr. Leland Townsend in the CBS thriller series Evil.", "Q1043104": "Charlie Hebdo (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0283a\u0281li \u025bbdo]; French for Charlie Weekly) is a French satirical weekly magazine, featuring cartoons, reports, polemics, and jokes. Irreverent and stridently non-conformist in tone, the publication describes itself as above all secular, skeptic, and atheist, far-left-wing, and anti-racist publishing articles about the extreme right (especially the French nationalist National Front party), religion (Catholicism, Islam, Judaism), politics and culture.\nThe magazine has been the target of two terrorist attacks, in 2011 and 2015. Both were presumed to be in response to a number of controversial Muhammad cartoons it published. In the second of these attacks, 12 people were killed, including publishing director Charb and several other prominent cartoonists.\nCharlie Hebdo first appeared in 1970 as a companion to the monthly Hara-Kiri magazine, after a previous title was banned for mocking the death of former French President Charles de Gaulle. In 1981 publication ceased, but the magazine was resurrected in 1992. Its current editor-in-chief is G\u00e9rard Biard. The previous editors were Fran\u00e7ois Cavanna (1970\u20131981) and Philippe Val (1992\u20132009). The magazine is published every Wednesday, with special editions issued on an unscheduled basis.", "Q527302": "Addison Irving Bacheller (September 26, 1859 \u2013 February 24, 1950) was an American journalist and writer who founded the first modern newspaper syndicate in the United States.", "Q942675": "The Names are a Belgian post-punk band from Brussels, Belgium, formed in 1978 around bassist, vocalist and songwriter Michel Sordinia.", "Q229606": "Anna Vissi (Greek: \u0386\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1 \u0392\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b7, pronounced [\u02c8ana \u02c8visi], locally [\u02c8an\u02d0a \u02c8vi\u0283\u02d0i]; born 20 December 1957), also known as Anna Vishy, is a Greek-Cypriot singer, songwriter, actress, television presenter, radio personality, and businesswoman. She studied music at conservatories and performed locally before moving to the professional scene in Athens, in 1973, where she signed with Minos and simultaneously collaborated with other musical artists and released promotional singles of her own while studying at the University of Athens.\nVissi established herself in the recording industry by winning the Thessaloniki Song Festival in 1977 with the song \"As Kanoume Apopse Mian Arhi\" and releasing her debut album of the same name. Since the 1980s, Vissi began a nearly exclusive collaboration with songwriter Nikos Karvelas, to whom she was married to from 1983\u20131992 and had one child with, resulting in one of the most successful music partnerships in the nation's history. Together they created the label CarVi, which resulted in legal issues with EMI Greece, and they then moved to CBS Records Greece, which later became Sony Music Greece.\nOver the course of her career she has released over two dozen albums, most of which have been certified at least gold in the two countries and has also starred in three theatrical productions and briefly ventured into television and radio. Vissi experimented with different styles of music; after becoming one of the first Greek artists to introduce Western pop and dance elements into Greek la\u00efko and entehno, she became one of the most prominent portrayers of the la\u00efko-pop hybrid genre and culture that was thriving from the mid-1990s into the mid-2000s. She landed her biggest commercial success with Fotia (1989), followed by the double Kravgi (2000), which became the eighth best-selling album of all time in terms of units, while five others \u2013 Kitrino Galazio (1979), I Epomeni Kinisi (1985), Klima Tropiko (1996), Travma (1997), and Antidoto (1998) \u2013 have also achieved six figure sales.\nShe has a large number of successful singles most of which have become classics, including her signature song \"Dodeka\", \"Methismeni Politia\", \"Pragmata\", \"Agapi Ipervoliki\", \"Pseftika\", \"Ta Mathitika Hronia\", \"Stin Pira\", \"Gazi\" and many many more. Through the years she kept a strong fan base, sold out tours\nand shows (as was her latest shows in Rex in winter 2011\u201312 and Hotel Ermou 2015-2016 which was the most successful of the year).Since the late 1990s, Vissi has also made attempts at establishing a career abroad, most of which fell through and have had some negative repercussions on her domestic career. However, she struck some success with her 2005 single \"Call Me\", which made her the first Greek or Cypriot artist to top the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play Chart and has also represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1980 and 2006, and Cyprus in 1982.\nVissi has won six Arion Music Awards, 15 Pop Corn Music Awards, and nine MAD Video Music Awards. Vissi has received 32 Platinum and 11 Gold certifications from IFPI Greece and has become one of the country's best-selling artists of all time, having sold over 10 million records worldwide and is one of the country's top earning artists.In 2010, Alpha TV ranked Vissi as the second top-certified female artist in Greece in the phonographic era (since 1960), behind Haris Alexiou, while Forbes listed her as the 15th most powerful and influential celebrity in Greece and fourth highest ranked singer.", "Q373508": "Clarence Decatur Howe, (15 January 1886 \u2013 31 December 1960) was a powerful Canadian Cabinet minister, representing the Liberal Party. Howe served in the governments of Prime Ministers William Lyon Mackenzie King and Louis St. Laurent continuously from 1935 to 1957. He is credited with transforming the Canadian economy from agriculture-based to industrial. During the Second World War, his involvement in the war effort was so extensive that he was nicknamed the \"Minister of Everything\".Born in Massachusetts, Howe moved to Nova Scotia as a young adult to take up a professorship at Dalhousie University. After working for the Canadian government as an engineer, he began his own firm, and became a wealthy man. In 1935, he was recruited as a Liberal candidate for the House of Commons of Canada by then Opposition leader Mackenzie King. The Liberals won the election in a landslide, and Howe won his seat. Mackenzie King appointed him to the Cabinet. There, he took major parts in many new enterprises, including the founding of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and Trans-Canada Air Lines (today Air Canada). When World War II began in 1939, Howe played a crucial role in Canada's war effort, and recruited many corporate executives (as \"dollar-a-year-men\") to serve as executives in wartime enterprises.\nHowe's impatience with the necessity for parliamentary debate of his proposals won him few friends, and he was often accused of dictatorial conduct by the Opposition. As the Liberal government entered its third decade, it and Howe came to be seen as arrogant. The Government's attempt to impose closure in the 1956 Pipeline Debate led to major controversy in the House of Commons. In the 1957 election, Howe's actions and policies were made an issue by Opposition leader John Diefenbaker. Howe faced a serious challenge in his riding, but was expected to make speeches elsewhere as a major Liberal leader. Howe lost his seat in the election, and Diefenbaker became Prime Minister, ending almost 22 years of Liberal rule. Howe returned to the private sector, accepting a number of corporate directorships. The former minister died suddenly of a heart attack in December 1960.", "Q113250": "Luciano Doria (born 1891) was an Italian screenwriter, producer and film director.\n\n", "Q1330634": "The University of Bras\u00edlia (Portuguese: Universidade de Bras\u00edlia, UnB) is a federal public university in Bras\u00edlia, the capital of Brazil. It was founded in 1960 and has since consistently been named among the top five Brazilian universities and the top twenty universities in South America by Times Higher Education (THE). \nIt admits undergraduate and post-graduate students via a yearly vestibular and through ENEM and is most renowned for its courses in economics, international affairs, law, anthropology, mathematics and political science. Its Central Library is home to Centerwestern Brazil's largest archive.\nUnB offers 114 courses recognized by the Ministry of Education.", "Q26563": "Roskilde (UK: ROSK-il-\u0259, also US: RUSK-ee-l\u0259, Danish: [\u02c8\u0281\u028cskil\u0259]), located 30 km (19 mi) west of Copenhagen on the Danish island of Zealand, is the main city in the eponymous municipality. With a population of 51,121 (as of 1 January 2019), the city is a business and educational centre for the region and the 10th largest city in Denmark. It is governed by the administrative council of Roskilde Municipality.\nRoskilde has a long history, dating from the pre-Christian Viking Age. Its UNESCO-listed Gothic cathedral, now housing 39 tombs of the Danish monarchs, was completed in 1275, becoming a focus of religious influence until the Reformation.\nWith the development of the rail network in the 19th century, Roskilde became an important hub for traffic with Copenhagen, and by the end of the century, there were tobacco factories, iron foundries and machine shops. Among the largest private sector employers today are the IT firm BEC (Bankernes EDB Central) and GPI (Glim Plastic Industri), specializing in plastics. The Ris\u00f8 research facility is also becoming a major employer, extending interest in sustainable energy to the clean technology sphere. The local university, founded in 1972, the historic Cathedral School, and the Danish Meat Trade College, established in 1964, are educational institutions of note. Roskilde has a large local hospital which has been expanded and modernized since it was opened in 1855. It is now increasingly active in the research sphere. The Sankt Hans psychiatric hospital serves the Capital Region with specialized facilities for forensic psychiatry.\nThe cathedral and the Viking Ship Museum, which contains the well-preserved remains of five 11th-century ships, attract more than 100,000 visitors annually. In addition to its internationally recognized tourist attractions and its annual rock festival, Roskilde is popular with shoppers thanks to its two centrally located pedestrian streets complete with restaurants, caf\u00e9s, and a variety of shops. The city is home to the FC Roskilde football club which play in the Danish 1st Division, the Roskilde Vikings RK rugby club, and the rowing club, Roskilde Roklub. In the 1970s, the city benefited from the opening of the university and from the completion of the Holb\u00e6k Motorway connecting it to Copenhagen. Roskilde has the oldest operational railway station in Denmark, with connections across Zealand as well as with Falster, Lolland, and Jutland. The local airport opened in 1973, mainly serving light aircraft for business use and flight instruction.\nAmong the city's notable citizens are Absalon, the bishop who founded Copenhagen in the 12th century, L. A. Ring, the symbolist painter who gained fame in the 1880s, the writer Lise N\u00f8rgaard who wrote the popular Danish TV series Matador in 1978 and the rower Thomas Ebert who became an Olympic gold medallist in 2004.", "Q239415": "Shannon Bruce Snaith, better known as Shane West, is an American actor, musician, and songwriter. West is known for his portrayal of Eli Sammler in the ABC family drama Once and Again, Landon Carter in A Walk to Remember, Darby Crash in What We Do Is Secret, Dr. Ray Barnett in the NBC medical drama ER, Michael Bishop in The CW spy drama Nikita and Bane in the Fox superhero drama Gotham. He also starred in the WGN fantasy/adventure/historical drama Salem as John Alden.\nAs well as acting, West has performed with punk rock band the Germs and Jonny Was, and the Twilight Creeps.", "Q963863": "Camille Jenatzy (1868, Schaerbeek \u2013 8 December 1913, Habay la Neuve) was a Belgian race car driver. He is known for breaking the land speed record three times and being the first man to break the 100 km/h barrier.\nHe was nicknamed Le Diable Rouge (\"The Red Devil\") after the colour of his beard .", "Q694170": "Die Fantastischen Vier (German pronunciation: [di\u02d0 fan\u02c8tast\u026a\u0283\u0259n \u02c8fi\u02d0\u0250\u032f], English: The Fantastic Four), also known as Fanta 4, is a German pop-rap group from Stuttgart, Germany, named after the German title of Marvel's Fantastic Four. The members are Smudo (Michael Bernd Schmidt), And.Ypsilon (Andreas Rieke), Thomas D (Thomas D\u00fcrr), also dubbed \"Hausmeister\" (janitor), and Dee Jot Hausmarke (Michi Beck). They were, together with Advanced Chemistry, among the first groups to rap in the German language.", "Q1951": "Alberta () is a province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,067,175 as of 2016 census, it is Canada's fourth most populous province and the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. Its area is about 660,000 square kilometres (250,000 sq mi). Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1, 1905.Alberta is bordered by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U.S. state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U.S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces. It has a predominantly humid continental climate, with stark contrasts over a year; but seasonal temperature average swings are smaller than in areas further east, due to winters being warmed by occasional chinook winds bringing sudden warming.Alberta's capital, Edmonton, is near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service hub for Canada's crude oil, the Athabasca oil sands and other northern resource industries.About 290 km (180 mi) south of the capital is Calgary, the largest city in Alberta. Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta's two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding one million, while the province has 16 census agglomerations.Tourist destinations in the province include Banff, Canmore, Drumheller, Jasper, Sylvan Lake and Lake Louise. Alberta is home to six UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks, Dinosaur Provincial Park, the Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, Waterton\u2013Glacier International Peace Park, Wood Buffalo National Park, and Writing-on-Stone / \u00c1\u00eds\u00ednai'pi.", "Q45946": "Suzanne Marie Bonamici (born October 14, 1954) is an American politician serving as the U.S. Representative for Oregon's 1st congressional district, a seat she was first elected to in a 2012 special election. The district includes most of Portland west of the Willamette River, as well as all of Yamhill, Columbia, Clatsop, and Washington counties.\nA Democrat, Bonamici previously represented District 17 in the Oregon State Senate from 2008 to 2011. She was first elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in 2006.", "Q185554": "Matthew Chandler Fox (born July 14, 1966) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Charlie Salinger on Party of Five (1994\u20132000) and Jack Shephard on the drama series Lost (2004\u20132010), the latter of which earned him Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award nominations. Fox has also performed in ten feature films, including We Are Marshall (2006), Vantage Point (2008), Alex Cross (2012), Emperor (2012) and Bone Tomahawk (2015).", "Q75885": "Aleksandar Obradovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b) (22 August 1927 in Bled, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes \u2013 1 April 2001 in Belgrade, Serbia, FR Yugoslavia) was a Serbian 20th-century composer and professor at the Faculty of Music in Belgrade. He was a Rector of the University of Arts in Belgrade (1979\u20131983).\nHe was a composer, music writer, and pedagogue, active primarily in the Republic of Serbia. He composed significant chamber and concertante works, but his most considerable contribution to Serbian music belongs to the genre of symphonic music. His oeuvre consists of over two hundred works. Apart from music, Obradovi\u0107 expressed his creativity through visual arts and writing. His paintings, conceived predominantly in watercolor technique were displayed at one individual and several group exhibitions, the former entitled Color, Sound, Word (Kolarac University, Belgrade, November 27, 1997). The book of his selected poetry Somewhere inside me was published the same year (1997).", "Q263069": "Success Is the Best Revenge (French: Le succ\u00e8s \u00e0 tout prix) is a 1984 French-British drama film directed by Jerzy Skolimowski and starring Michael York. It was entered into the 1984 Cannes Film Festival.\n\n", "Q121584": "Ulrich Br\u00e4ker (1735\u20131798) was a Swiss autodidact, writer and diarist, known for his autobiography, published in 1789, widely received at the time as the voice of an unspoiled \"natural man\" of the lower classes, based on the title of which Br\u00e4ker became known as \"The Poor Man of Toggenburg\" (Der arme Mann im Toggenburg).\nBr\u00e4ker was born as the oldest of eight siblings in Scheftenau, Wattwil, Toggenburg (at the time a territory owned by the Abbey of St. Gall). After the estate name of his birth house he was also known as N\u00e4ppis-Ueli (N\u00e4bisuli). He was the son of Johannes Br\u00e4ker (N\u00e4bishans, 1708\u20131762). \nDuring 1741\u201354, the family worked the remote estate of Dreyschlatt. Ulrich was educated in literacy and basic arithmetics during ten weeks each winter, working as a goatherd for the rest of the year. In 1754, the family moved to Wattwil, where Ulrich worked various jobs. In 1755 he entered the service of a Prussian recruiting officer. Against his will, he was pressed into military service in the 13th infantry regiment of the Prussian Army in 1756, but managed to escape later in the same year, at the Battle of Lobositz.Returning to his native Toggenburg, he married Salome Amb\u00fchl of Wattwil (1735\u20131822) in 1761 and had several children.\nHe built a house auf der Hochsteig outside of Wattwil and traded in cotton for the local home industry. He began writing a diary, and his writing talent was discovered by local writer and intellectual Johann Ludwig Amb\u00fchl. Br\u00e4ker published some texts in Amb\u00fchl's journal \nBrieftasche aus den Alpen.\nHis writing is based on a pietistic outlook and reflects intimate familiarity with the Bible (based on a close reading of the eight volumes of the Berleburg Bible) as well as a keen observation of nature, besides an enthusiastic interest in the works of William Shakespeare (which became available in German translation at the time).\nBr\u00e4ker wrote a commentary on each of the 36 plays by Shakespeare, published in 1780.\nIn the judgement of Voellmy (1955), Br\u00e4ker's diary is a \"touching human document\" containing Lebensweisheit, or \"pearls of true pragmatic wisdom\", besides representing an important historical document of Br\u00e4ker's time from the point of view of a man of the lower classes.\nHis account of his half-year's service contributed significantly to the public image of the Prussian Army and its recruitment practices during the Seven Years' War.In 1776, Br\u00e4ker became a member of the Toggenburgische Moralische Gesellschaft, which was otherwise reserved to the educated classes. Publication of his diary began in 1788, and an edition of his collected writings was compiled printed in 1792.\nBr\u00e4ker was not successful as a businessman. He was in debt, and in 1797, a year before his death, he was forced to sell his house in Wattwil. Three out of seven children born to his wife died before reaching maturity.\nBr\u00e4ker lived to see, and was perturbed by, the French invasion of Switzerland in the spring of 1798, but he died in September of the same year.", "Q2652702": "Philip Emeagwali (born 23 August 1954) is a Nigerian-American computer scientist. He won the 1989 Gordon Bell Prize for price-performance in high-performance computing applications, in an oil reservoir modeling calculation using a novel mathematical formulation and implementation.", "Q2531221": "Volker Quaschning (born 1969) is a German engineer and professor of renewable energy systems at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin, Germany.", "Q457197": "Amberian Dawn is a Finnish power metal band, formed in 2006 by Tuomas Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4 and Tommi Kuri. Their fifth album Re-Evolution (a re-recorded compilation with a new singer) was released on KHY Suomen Musiikki & Encore Music in summer 2013. Their latest album Looking for You was released in January 2020, via Napalm Records.\n\n", "Q111447": "Andr\u00e9 Guinier (1 August 1911 \u2013 3 July 2000) was a French physicist who did important work in the field of X-ray diffraction and solid-state physics. He worked at the Conservatoire National des Arts et M\u00e9tiers, then taught at the University of Paris and later at the University of Paris-Sud in Orsay, where he co-founded the Laboratory of Solid State Physics. He was elected to the French Academy of Sciences in 1971 and won the Gregori Aminoff Prize in 1985.\nIn the field of small-angle scattering he discovered the relationship of particle size to intensity which is called Guinier's Law. He developed the Guinier camera for use in X-ray diffraction and contributed to the development of the electron microprobe by Raimond Castaing.\nTogether with Prof George Dawson Preston he also gives his name to the Guinier-Preston zone", "Q234131": "Joely Kim Richardson (born 9 January 1965) is an English actress, known for her role as Julia McNamara in the FX drama series Nip/Tuck (2003\u201310), and Queen Catherine Parr in the Showtime series The Tudors (2010). She has also appeared in films such as 101 Dalmatians (1996), Event Horizon (1997), The Patriot (2000), Return to Me (2000), Anonymous (2011), the Hollywood film adaptation of The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011), the remake of Endless Love (2014), and the thriller Red Sparrow (2018).", "Q157412": "The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn, commonly known as Gray's Inn, is one of the four Inns of Court (professional associations for barristers and judges) in London. To be called to the bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, a person must belong to one of these inns. Located at the intersection of High Holborn and Gray's Inn Road in Central London, the inn is both a professional body and a provider of office accommodation (chambers) for many barristers. It is ruled by a governing council called \"pension\", made up of the masters of the bench (or \"benchers\"), and led by the Treasurer, who is elected to serve a one-year term. The inn is known for its gardens, or walks, which have existed since at least 1597.\nGray's Inn does not claim a specific foundation date; there is a tradition that none of the Inns of Court claims to be any older than the others. Law clerks and their apprentices have been established on the present site since at least 1370, with records dating from 1381. During the 15th and 16th centuries, the inn grew steadily with great prestige, reaching its pinnacle during the reign of Elizabeth I. The inn was home to many important barristers and politicians, most notably Francis Bacon, and counted Queen Elizabeth herself as a patron. Thanks to the efforts of prominent members such as William Cecil and Gilbert Gerard, Gray's Inn became the largest of the four by number, with over 200 barristers recorded as members. During this period, the inn became noted for the masques and revels that it threw, and William Shakespeare is believed to have first performed The Comedy of Errors there.\nThe inn continued to prosper during the reign of James I (1603\u20131625) and the beginning of that of Charles I, when over 100 students per year were recorded as joining. The outbreak of the First English Civil War in 1642 during the reign of Charles I disrupted the systems of legal education and governance at the Inns of Court, shutting down all calls to the bar and new admissions, and Gray's Inn never fully recovered. Fortunes continued to decline after the English Restoration, which saw the end of the traditional method of legal education. Although now more prosperous, Gray's Inn is today the smallest of the Inns of Court.", "Q109208": "Otto Hellmuth (July 22, 1896 \u2013 April 20, 1968) was a member of the Nazi Party.\nBorn at Markt Einersheim, he was Gauleiter of the German region of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) from 1928 to 1945. His home and office were in W\u00fcrzburg, the capital of the Gau Mainfranken. By 1935, Hellmuth had his Gau renamed as Mainfranken. After World War II, the region's original name was reinstated. In World War I he entered service as a Kriegsfreiwilliger of Bavarian Army, assigned successively to 9. Infanterie-Regiment, Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 4 and Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 8. He was wounded in action four times. He returned to Germany in October, 1918 after being severely gassed.\nIn 1928, Hellmuth became Gauleiter of Lower Franconia. Three weeks before the first nationwide anti-Jewish boycott began in 1933, Hellmuth already forced the closing of Jewish-owned stores and offices in W\u00fcrzburg. As a private residence, he acquired the house of a Jewish pharmacist. When the Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin of Mainfranken paid Passau a formal visit, with a delegation of activists, Margarethe Schneider-Reichel presented them with a painting of Hellmuth.Over most of his term, Hellmuth was not an impressive personality. Joseph Goebbels saw him as \"a most retiring unassuming Gauleiter in whom one had not too much confidence.\" However, Hellmuth defended his Gau vigorously in the spring of 1945, as Goebbels noted in his diary on April 2.\nIn 1947, Hellmuth was accused of complicity in the murders of Allied aircraft pilots. He was tried at Dachau and sentenced to death. This sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment. He was released in 1955.\nHellmuth killed himself on April 20, 1968 in Reutlingen.", "Q64988": "Franz Camille Overbeck (16 November 1837 \u2013 26 June 1905) was a German Protestant theologian. In Anglo-American discourse, he is perhaps best known in regard to his friendship with Friedrich Nietzsche; in German theological circles, Overbeck remains discussed for his own contributions.", "Q36980": "George Peppard Jr. (; October 1, 1928 \u2013 May 8, 1994) was an American film and television actor.\nPeppard secured a major role when he starred alongside Audrey Hepburn in Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), and later portrayed a character based on Howard Hughes in The Carpetbaggers (1964). On television, he played the title role of millionaire insurance investigator and sleuth Thomas Banacek in the early-1970s mystery series Banacek. He played Col. John \"Hannibal\" Smith, the cigar-smoking leader of a renegade commando squad, in the hit 1980s action show The A-Team.\n\n", "Q238723": "The 5th arrondissement of Paris (Ve arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as cinqui\u00e8me.\nThe arrondissement, also known as Panth\u00e9on, is situated on the left bank of the River Seine. It is one of the central arrondissements of the capital. The arrondissement is notable for being the location of the Quartier Latin, a district dominated by universities, colleges, and prestigious high schools since the 12th century when the Sorbonne University was created.The 5th arrondissement is also one of the oldest districts of the city, dating back to ancient times. Traces of the area's past survive in such sites as the Ar\u00e8nes de Lut\u00e8ce, a Roman amphitheatre, and the Thermes de Cluny, a Roman thermae.", "Q266139": "Brooke Elizabeth Burns (born March 16, 1978) is an American fashion model, game show host, actress, and television personality. Burns began her television career in 1995, portraying the supporting character Peg, in the Spanish-American teen sitcom Out of the Blue (1995\u201396), appearing in all episodes. Burns joined the cast of the action drama series Baywatch in 1998, and subsequently starred in Baywatch's second rendition, Baywatch: Hawaii, until she left the show due to her first pregnancy. She appeared in 33 episodes.\nAfter her hiatus, Burns returned to television, appearing in several guest roles, including in the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! and had a major role in the American soap opera North Shore, appearing in all 21 episodes. In 2009, Burns guest starred in the crime drama CSI: Miami.\nBurns hosted all episodes of the NBC game show Dog Eat Dog, which aired from 2002 to 2003. Burns also hosted 18 episodes of the Fox game show Hole in the Wall, as well as the GSN quiz show The Chase. The Chase was nominated at the 41st Daytime Emmy Awards for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show, and two years later, Burns was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show Host. In addition to television, Burns has also appeared in minor roles in several films. She appeared in the romantic comedy Shallow Hal, the mockbuster disaster Titanic II, and the drama Where Hope Grows (2014).", "Q92788": "Bill Atkinson (born March 17, 1951) is an American computer engineer and photographer. Atkinson worked at Apple Computer from 1978 to 1990.\nAtkinson was the principal designer and developer of the graphical user interface (GUI) of the Apple Lisa and, later, one of the first thirty members of the original Apple Macintosh development team, and was the creator of the ground-breaking MacPaint application, which fulfilled the vision of using the computer as a creative tool. He also designed and implemented QuickDraw, the fundamental toolbox that the Lisa and Macintosh used for graphics. QuickDraw's performance was essential for the success of the Macintosh GUI. He also was one of the main designers of the Lisa and Macintosh user interfaces. Atkinson also conceived, designed and implemented HyperCard, the first popular hypermedia system. HyperCard put the power of computer programming and database design into the hands of nonprogrammers. In 1994, Atkinson received the EFF Pioneer Award for his contributions.\n\n", "Q40816": "Benghazi () (lit. Son of [the] Ghazi) is a city in Libya. Located on the Gulf of Sidra in the Mediterranean, Benghazi is a major seaport and the second-most populous city in the country, as well as the largest city in Cyrenaica, with an estimated population of 631,555 in 2011.A Greek colony named Euesperides had existed in the area from around 525 BC. In the 3rd century BC, it was relocated and refounded as the Ptolemaic city of Berenice. Berenice prospered under the Romans, and after the 3rd century AD it superseded Cyrene and Barca as the center of Cyrenaica. The city went into decline during the Byzantine period and had already been reduced to a small town before its conquest by the Arabs. In 1911, Italy captured Benghazi and the rest of Tripolitania from the Ottomans. Under Italian rule, Benghazi witnessed a period of extensive development and modernization, particularly in the second half of the 1930s. The city changed hands several times during World War II and was heavily damaged in the process. After the war Benghazi was rebuilt and became the co-capital of the newly independent Kingdom of Libya. Following the 1969 coup d'\u00e9tat by Muammar Gaddafi, Benghazi lost its capital status and all government offices relocated to Tripoli.\nOn 15 February 2011, an uprising against the government of Muammar Gaddafi occurred in the city. The revolts spread by 17 February to Bayda, Tobruk, Ajdabya, Al Marj in the East and Zintan, Zawiya in the West, calling for the end of the Gaddafi Regime. Benghazi was taken by Gaddafi opponents on 21 February, who founded the National Transitional Council. On 19 March, the city was the site of the turning point of the Libyan Civil War, when the Libyan Army attempted to score a decisive victory against the NTC by attacking Benghazi, but was forced back by local resistance and intervention from the French Air Force authorized by UNSC Resolution 1973 to protect civilians, allowing the rebellion to continue.\nBenghazi remains a center of Libyan commerce, industry, transport and culture. It continues to hold institutions and organizations normally associated with a capital city, including several national government buildings as well as the National Library of Libya.", "Q373520": "Hajibaba Hussein-Ali oglu Huseynov (Azerbaijani: Hac\u0131baba H\u00fcseyn\u0259li o\u011flu H\u00fcseynov; 19 March 1919 \u2013 24 October 1993) was a famous Azeri mugham singer and teacher. He received the title of National Artist of Azerbaijan in 1991. He was credited as a key figure in the popularization of mugham, and developing talented mugham khanandas such as Alim Qasimov, Aghakhan Abdullayev and Gadir Rustamov.", "Q2370768": "The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed (Russian: \u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f, translit. Mesto vstrechi izmenit nelzya) is a 1979 Soviet five-part television miniseries directed by Stanislav Govorukhin. The series achieved the status of a cult film in the USSR, and along with Seventeen Moments of Spring became a part of popular culture with several generations of Russian-speaking TV viewers. The series stars singer-songwriter Vladimir Vysotsky in one of his final screen appearances (his death at the age of 42 came less than a year after the film's release). Soviet screen and stage legends Sergey Yursky, Armen Dzhigarkhanyan, Zinovy Gerdt, Yevgeniy Yevstigneyev, and Leonid Kuravlev also appear in the film.\nThe film was released in the West as The Age of Mercy, after the title of the novel by the Vayner Brothers (Arkady and Georgy Vayner), on which the film is based.", "Q21002587": "Beowulf is a British epic fantasy drama television series broadcast by ITV. It was created by James Dormer, Tim Haines and Katie Newman. Dormer wrote the series based on the poem Beowulf and executive-produced it along with Haines and Newman, while Stephen Smallwood produced the series. The series began airing in the United Kingdom on 3 January 2016 and in the United States from 23 January 2016. The series is based on the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf, containing new characters and storylines.\nShortly after the series began, ITV announced that it would not be picked up for another season; the show ended after 13 episodes.\n\n", "Q152542": "William Thomas Sadler (born April 13, 1950) is an American film and television actor. His television and motion picture roles have included Chesty Puller in The Pacific, Luther Sloan in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Sheriff Jim Valenti in Roswell, convict Heywood in The Shawshank Redemption, Senator Vernon Trent in Hard to Kill, and the Grim Reaper in Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey, Tales from the Crypt and Bill & Ted Face the Music, a role for which he won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor, and his role as Colonel Stuart opposite Bruce Willis in Die Hard 2. He played the character of President of the United States, Matthew Ellis, in Iron Man 3, Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., and WHIH Newsfront, all set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. He also recurs as Steve McGarrett's murdered father, John McGarrett, in the 2010 remake of the 1968 television series, Hawaii Five-O and the Boston boxing promoter and suspected drug dealer Gino Fish in the Jesse Stone made for TV movie series opposite Tom Selleck as a small town police chief.", "Q2469710": "Vakhtang V (Georgian: \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 V) born Bakhuta Mukhranbatoni (Georgian: \u10d1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8) (1618 \u2013 September 1675) was the King of Kartli (eastern Georgia) from 1658 until his death, who ruled as a vassal wali for the Persian shah. He is also known under the name of Shah Nawaz, which he assumed on being obliged outwardly to conform to Islam.\n\n", "Q163947": "James Hodges Ellis (born James Hughes Bell, February 26, 1945 - December 12, 1998), who used the stage name Orion at times in his career, was an American singer. His voice was similar to Elvis Presley's, a fact which he and his record company played upon, making some believe that some of his recordings were by Presley, or even that Presley had not died in 1977. Ellis appeared with many artists, including Loretta Lynn, Jerry Lee Lewis, Tammy Wynette, Ricky Skaggs, Lee Greenwood, Gary Morris, and the Oak Ridge Boys.", "Q189346": "Zemial is a one-man music project formed in Greece in 1989 by the multi-instrumentalist Dimitrios Dorian, also known as Vorskaath.", "Q67271": "Friedrich Ludwig von Payer (12 June 1847 \u2013 14 July 1931) was a German lawyer, liberal politician and vice-chancellor of Germany during the last year of World War I. He was born in T\u00fcbingen and was educated at the seminary at Blaubeuren, returning to his home town to study law in 1865. Having completed his university education, he worked as a lawyer in Stuttgart and was first elected to the Reichstag in 1877. He reached the height of his political career during the First World War, during which he advocated a negotiated peace with the allied powers and was appointed vice-chancellor. After the War, he was chairman of the DDP, and remained a member of the new Weimar Reichstag until 6 June 1920.\nPayer married Alwine Sch\u00f6ninger.", "Q260548": "Silverado is a 1985 American western film produced and directed by Lawrence Kasdan, written by Kasdan and his brother Mark. It stars Kevin Kline, Scott Glenn, Danny Glover and Kevin Costner. The supporting cast features Brian Dennehy, Rosanna Arquette, John Cleese, Jeff Goldblum and Linda Hunt.\nThe film was produced by Columbia Pictures and Delphi III Productions, and distributed to theatres by Columbia, and by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment for home media. The original soundtrack, with a score composed by Bruce Broughton, was released by Geffen Records. On November 12, 2005, an expanded two-disc version of the score was released by the Intrada Records label.\nSilverado premiered in the United States on July 9, 1985. It grossed $32,192,570 at the box office, recouping its $23 million production budget. Through an 11-week run, the film was shown at 1,190 theaters at its widest release. Generally met with positive critical reviews, it was nominated for Best Sound and Best Original Score at the 58th Academy Awards.", "Q48292": "Arles (, also US: , French: [a\u0281l]; Proven\u00e7al: Arle [\u02c8a\u0280le] in both classical and Mistralian norms; Classical Latin: Arelate) is a city and commune in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the former province of Provence.\nA large part of the Camargue is located on the territory of the commune, making it the largest commune in Metropolitan France in terms of territory (though Maripasoula, French Guiana, is much larger). The city has a long history, and was of considerable importance in the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis. The Roman and Romanesque Monuments of Arles were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1981. The Dutch post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh lived in Arles from 1888 to 1889 and produced over 300 paintings and drawings during his time there. An international photography festival has been held in the city since 1970.", "Q142751": "The Train is a 1964 American war film directed by John Frankenheimer. Its screenplay\u2014written by Franklin Coen, Frank Davis, and Walter Bernstein\u2014is loosely based on the non-fiction book Le front de l'art by Rose Valland, who documented the works of art placed in storage that had been looted by the Germans from museums and private art collections. Arthur Penn was The Train's original director, but was replaced by Frankenheimer three days after filming had begun. \nThe film stars Burt Lancaster, Paul Scofield and Jeanne Moreau. Set in August 1944, it sets French Resistance-member Paul Labiche (Lancaster) against German Colonel Franz von Waldheim (Scofield), who is attempting to move stolen art masterpieces by train to Germany. Inspiration for the scenes of the train's interception came from the real-life events surrounding train No. 40,044 as it was seized and examined by Lt. Alexandre Rosenberg of the Free French forces outside Paris.", "Q92950": "Marcel Jules Edouard Golay (French: [g\u0254l\u025b]; May 3, 1902 \u2013 April 27, 1989) was a Swiss-born mathematician, physicist, and information theorist, who applied mathematics to real-world military and industrial problems. He was born in Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland.", "Q78351": "Johannes Junius (1573 \u2013 6 August 1628) was the mayor (German: B\u00fcrgermeister) of Bamberg, and a victim of the Bamberg witch trials, who wrote a letter to his daughter from jail while he awaited execution for witchcraft.", "Q104704": "Werner P\u00f6ls (March 15, 1926 \u2013 February 21, 1989) was a German historian and politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union.", "Q110771": "Ottokar Domma (pseudonym; properly Otto H\u00e4user) (20 May 1924, Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia \u2013 15 July 2007, Woltersdorf) was a German journalist and writer specialising in satire. He was most famous for his series on adventures of a fictional East German schoolboy named Ottokar Domma.", "Q6967643": "Nasser bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1911 \u2013 15 September 1984) was one of the former Riyadh governors and a member of House of Saud.\n\n", "Q743614": "Turmion K\u00e4til\u00f6t (literally \"Midwives of Ruin\" or \"Midwives of Perdition\") is a Finnish industrial metal band founded in 2003 by MC Raaka Pee and DJ Vastapallo, who until the latter's departure, were the only studio lineup. The live line-up adds Master Bates, RunQ (Tarot, Eternal Tears of Sorrow) and DQ.", "Q1190406": "Matthew Brandon Ross (born January 3, 1970) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter. He wrote and directed the feature film Captain Fantastic, starring Viggo Mortensen, for which he won Un Certain Regard at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival.Before that, Ross made seven short films, including The Language of Love, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival.\nAs an actor, Ross's roles have included Gavin Belson in the HBO series Silicon Valley, Alby Grant in the HBO series Big Love, Glenn Odekirk in The Aviator, and Luis Carruthers in American Psycho. He was also Eddie Scott in the 2005 film Good Night, and Good Luck, for which he was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. He also directed the feature film 28 Hotel Rooms, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. In 2011 and 2015, he played Charles Montgomery in the first and fifth seasons of FX's anthology series American Horror Story.\nHe is married to the writer Phyllis Grant, with whom he has two children: Isabel \"Bella\" and Dashiell \"Dash\" Ross.", "Q889538": "Five men known as sons of Yagbe'u Seyon ruled as Emperor (n\u0259gus\u00e4 n\u00e4g\u00e4st) of the Ethiopian Empire in succession between 1295 and 1299. Their names were:\n\nSenfa Ared IV (Amharic: \u1230\u12ed\u1348 \u12a0\u122d\u12f5 \u136c\u129b) (1294\u20131295)\nHezba Asgad (Amharic: \u1205\u12dd\u1265 \u12a0\u1235\u1308\u12f5) (1295\u20131296)\nQedma Asgad (Amharic: \u1245\u12f5\u1218 \u12a0\u1235\u130d\u12f5) (1296\u20131297)\nJin Asgad (Amharic: \u1305\u1295 \u12a0\u1230\u1308\u12f5) (1297\u20131298)\nSaba Asgad (Amharic: \u1233\u1263 \u12a0\u1230\u1308\u12f5) (1298\u20131299)Though later tradition remembered them as sons of Yagbe'u Seyon, their actual relationship is not clear, though they did succeed him.", "Q73204": "Josef M\u00fcller (27 March 1898 \u2013 12 September 1979), also known as \"Ochsensepp\" (\u201cJoe Ox\u201d), was a German politician. He was a member of the resistance during World War II and afterwards one of the founders of the Christian Social Union (CSU). He was a devout Catholic and a leading figure in the Catholic resistance to Hitler.", "Q347685": "Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [k\u0250r\u02c8n\u02b2ej \u026a\u02c8van\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 t\u0255\u028a\u02c8kofsk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen); 31 March NS 1882 \u2013 28 October 1969) was one of the most popular children's poets in the Russian language. His catchy rhythms, inventive rhymes and absurd characters have invited comparisons with the American children's author Dr. Seuss. Chukovsky's poems Tarakanishche (\"The Monster Cockroach\"), Krokodil (\"The Crocodile\"), Telefon (\"The Telephone\") and Moydodyr (\"Wash-'em-Clean\") have been favourites with many generations of Russophone children. Lines from his poems, in particular Telefon, have become universal catch-phrases in the Russian media and everyday conversation. He adapted the Doctor Dolittle stories into a book-length Russian poem as Doctor Aybolit (\"Dr. Ow-It-Hurts\"), and translated a substantial portion of the Mother Goose canon into Russian as Angliyskiye Narodnyye Pesenki (\"English Folk Rhymes\"). He was also an influential literary critic and essayist.", "Q119033": "Karl Brugger (1941, Munich \u2013 January 3, 1984, Rio de Janeiro) was a German foreign correspondent for the ARD network and author, best known for his book The Chronicle of Akakor about the alleged lost city of Akakor that was published in 1976.", "Q371337": "PAR Yuri Norstein (Russian: \u042e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u043e\u0440\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0439\u043d, Yuriy Borisovich Norshteyn; born 15 September 1941), is a Soviet and Russian animator best known for his animated shorts, Hedgehog in the Fog and Tale of Tales. Since 1981 he has been working on a feature film called The Overcoat, based on the short story by Nikolai Gogol of the same name. According to the Washington Post, \"He is considered by many to be not just the best animator of his era, but the best of all time\".", "Q75675": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Walter (4 June 1887 \u2013 4 November 1959) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in more than 30 films between 1918 and 1954.", "Q752719": "Gaithersburg ( pronunciation ), officially the City of Gaithersburg, is a city in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. At the time of the 2010 U.S. Census, Gaithersburg had a population of 59,933, making it the fourth-largest incorporated city in the state, behind Baltimore, Frederick, and Rockville. Gaithersburg is located to the northwest of Washington, and is considered a suburb and a primary city within the Washington\u2013Arlington\u2013Alexandria, DC\u2013VA\u2013MD\u2013WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. Gaithersburg was incorporated as a town in 1878 and as a city in 1968.\nGaithersburg is divided into east and west sections, separated by Interstate 270. The eastern section of the city is older and is the original portion of the town before more recent growth. Landmarks and buildings from that time can still be seen in many places but especially in the historic central business district of Gaithersburg called \"Olde Towne\". The east side also includes Lakeforest Mall, City Hall, and the Montgomery County Fair grounds, and Bohrer Park (a well-known joint community recreation center and outdoor water park for kids and families). The west side of the city has many wealthier neighborhoods that were designed with smart growth techniques and embrace New Urbanism. These include the award-winning Kentlands community, the Lakelands community, and the Washingtonian Center (better known as Rio), a popular shopping/business district. Consumers often come to this area during Black Friday and other shopping holidays for the deals and variety of huge brand name stores like Target and Dick's Sporting Goods, and smaller stores like Francesca's and Blue Mercury. Two New Urbanism communities are under construction, including Watkins Mill Town Center (Casey East and West), and the massive \"Science City\". The state has a bus rapid transit line, Corridor Cities Transitway or \"CCT\", planned for the western portion of the city starting at Shady Grove Metro Station and connecting all the high density western Gaithersburg neighborhoods with a total of eight stops planned in the city.\nThe National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is headquartered in Gaithersburg directly west of I-270. Other major employers in the city include IBM, Lockheed Martin Information Systems and Global Services business area headquarters, AstraZeneca, and the French multinational corporation, Sodexo. Gaithersburg is also the location of the garrison of the U.S. Army Reserve's 220th Military Police Brigade.\nGaithersburg is noted for its ethnic and economic diversity; WalletHub in 2016 ranked it first among the 313 largest U.S. cities for ethnic diversity and second for social class diversity.", "Q3246681": "The \u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure de journalisme (ESJ Paris; in English: Superior School of Journalism of Paris) is an institution of higher education in Paris dedicated to journalism and related studies. Its origin was in the Coll\u00e8ge Libre des Sciences Sociales founded in 1895 by Dick May (pen name of Jeanne Weill, daughter of the rabbi of Algiers), and other supporters during the Dreyfus Affair. It was made a separate Grande Ecole in 1899 and claims the title of the \"world's first school of journalism\". Intended to give students a broad knowledge of politics and economics, it did not award a separate journalism degree by name until 1910.\nThe University of Missouri School of Journalism also claims the title of \"first in the world\", but it did not open until 1908 in Columbia, Missouri in the United States.\n\n", "Q460075": "Isabel Paterson (January 22, 1886 \u2013 January 10, 1961) was a Canadian-American journalist, novelist, political philosopher, and a leading literary and cultural critic of her day. Historian Jim Powell has called Paterson one of the three founding mothers of American libertarianism, along with Rose Wilder Lane and Ayn Rand, who both acknowledged an intellectual debt to Paterson. Paterson's best-known work, The God of the Machine (1943), a treatise on political philosophy, economics, and history, reached conclusions and espoused beliefs that many libertarians credit as a foundation of their philosophy. Her biographer Stephen D. Cox (2004) believes Paterson was the \"earliest progenitor of libertarianism as we know it today.\" In a letter of 1943, Rand wrote that \"The God of the Machine is a document that could literally save the world ... The God of the Machine does for capitalism what Das Kapital does for the Reds and what the Bible did for Christianity.\"", "Q223303": "Mena Alexandra Suvari (; born February 13, 1979) is an American actress, fashion designer, and model. After beginning her career as a model and guest-starring in several television series, she made her film debut in the drama Nowhere (1997).\nSuvari rose to international prominence for her roles in the 1999 film American Beauty, for which she received a BAFTA Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, and in three of the American Pie original films (1999\u20132001, 2012). Her other notable films include Slums of Beverly Hills (1998), Loser (2000), Sugar & Spice (2001), Rumor Has It (2005), Stuck (2007), and You May Not Kiss the Bride (2010).\nSuvari played recurring roles in the fourth season of HBO drama series Six Feet Under (2004), garnering a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series, and in the second season of Chicago Fire (2013). She also portrayed Elizabeth Short in the anthology series American Horror Story: Murder House and reprised the role in American Horror Story: Apocalypse and starred in the eight-episode series South of Hell (2015).\nSuvari has been a model for Lanc\u00f4me cosmetics and print ads for Lanc\u00f4me Paris Adapt\u00eeve, as well as a long-time supporter and activist for the Starlight Children's Foundation and the African Medical and Research Foundation.", "Q65300": "Leissigen is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q4214160": "Tigran Karapetyan (Armenian: \u054f\u056b\u0563\u0580\u0561\u0576 \u053f\u0561\u0580\u0561\u057a\u0565\u057f\u0575\u0561\u0576) is an Armenian politician and the chairman of the People's Party. He is also the owner of a private TV company named ALM.", "Q193478": "Buda (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8bud\u0252]; German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim, Serbian: \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043c, Czech and Slovak: Bud\u00edn, Turkish: Budin) was the ancient capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and since 1873 has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the west bank of the Danube. Buda comprises a third of Budapest's total territory and is in fact mostly wooded. Landmarks include Buda Castle, the Citadella, and the President of Hungary's residence, S\u00e1ndor Palace.", "Q646778": "Abdelaziz Th\u00e2albi (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a, September 5, 1876 \u2013 October 1, 1944) was a Tunisian politician. He was one of the founding members of the Destour party.\n\n", "Q320178": "John Roberts is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, writer, and singer who voices Linda Belcher on the animated sitcom Bob's Burgers.", "Q957250": "Jerome \"Jay\" Apt III, Ph.D. (born April 28, 1949 in Massachusetts) is an American astronaut and professor at Carnegie Mellon University. Before he became an astronaut, Apt was a physicist who worked on the Pioneer Venus 1978 space probe project, and used visible light and infrared techniques to study the planets and moons of the solar system from ground-based observatories.", "Q1795043": "B\u00e5rd Torstensen (born 13 September 1961) is a Norwegian guitarist and record producer from Arendal, best known as a founder and long time member of the rap metal band Clawfinger.Torstensen also plays guitar in the ice skate-country band Melkesyra and the jazz/metal band Okavango, both of which are from his home town. Before founding Clawfinger in 1990 with Zak Tell (lead vocals), Jocke Skog (keyboards) and Erlend Ottem (guitar), he and Ottem played in a local band named Theo. This band made only one single and one LP, The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (1988).Torstensen is a known activist in his home town, and is engaged in preserving his community Barbu by working to stop new building plans.", "Q2010024": "The Second Czechoslovak Republic (Czech: Druh\u00e1 \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 republika, Slovak: Druh\u00e1 \u010desko-slovensk\u00e1 republika) existed for 169 days, between 30 September 1938 and 15 March 1939. It was composed of Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and the autonomous regions of Slovakia and Subcarpathian Rus', the latter being renamed on 30 December 1938 to Carpathian Ukraine.The Second Republic was the result of the events following the Munich Agreement, where Czechoslovakia was forced to cede the German-populated Sudetenland region to Germany on 1 October 1938, as well as southern parts of Slovakia and Subcarpathian Ruthenia to Hungary. After the Munich Agreement and the German government made clear to foreign diplomats that Czechoslovakia was now a German client state, the Czechoslovak government attempted to curry favour with Germany by banning the country's Communist Party, suspending all Jewish teachers in German educational institutes in Czechoslovakia, and enacted a law to allow the state to take over Jewish companies. In addition, the government allowed the country's banks to effectively come under German\u2013Czechoslovak control.The Second Republic was dissolved when Germany invaded it on 15 March 1939, and annexed the Czech region into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. On the same day as the German occupation, the President of Czechoslovakia, Emil H\u00e1cha was appointed by the German government as the State President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia which he held throughout the war.", "Q3076088": "Ruperto Long (born December 23, 1952 in Rosario, Uruguay), Uruguayan engineer, politician and writer.", "Q244398": "Stardust is a 2007 romantic fantasy adventure film directed by Matthew Vaughn and co-written by Vaughn and Jane Goldman. Based on Neil Gaiman's 1999 novel of the same name, the film features an ensemble cast led by Claire Danes, Charlie Cox, Sienna Miller, Ricky Gervais, Jason Flemyng, Rupert Everett, Peter O'Toole, Michelle Pfeiffer, and Robert De Niro, with narration by Ian McKellen.\nThe film follows Tristan, a young man from the fictional town of Wall in Great Britain. Wall is a town on the border of the magical fantasy kingdom of Stormhold. Tristan enters the magical world to collect a fallen star to give to his crush Victoria, in return for her hand in marriage. He collects the star who, to his surprise, is a woman named Yvaine. Witches and the Princes of Stormhold are also hunting for Yvaine. Meanwhile, Tristan tries to get her back to Wall with him before Victoria's birthday, the deadline of her offer.\nThe film was released to positive reviews and grossed $137 million on a $70\u201388.5 million budget. In 2008, it won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form. Stardust was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and HD DVD on December 18, 2007.", "Q951621": "Enrique Miret Magdalena (12 January 1914 \u2013 12 October 2009) was a lay theologian who specialised in ethics and sociology. He was professor of Ethics at Universidad Complutense de Madrid.He published some 25 books and wrote for the journal Triunfo for 20 years, as well as for other publications.", "Q273534": "The \u00c9cole du Louvre is an institution of higher education located in the Aile de Flore of the Louvre Palace in Paris, France. It is dedicated to the study of archaeology, art history, anthropology and epigraphy.\nAdmission is based on a competitive entrance exam after high school (lyc\u00e9e), though candidates may also apply after two or three years of university studies in the subjects of history, classics, literature, geography, philosophy and art. The school offers an undergraduate program, a master's program and a doctoral program as well as a preparation class for civil service entrance exams.", "Q25724": "Norrk\u00f6ping (; Swedish: [\u02c8n\u0254\u0302r\u02d0\u02cc\u0255\u00f8\u02d0p\u026a\u014b] (listen)) is a city in the province of \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrk\u00f6ping Municipality, \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland County, about 160 km southwest of the national capital Stockholm. The city has a population of 95,618 inhabitants in 2016, out of a municipal total of 130,050, making it Sweden's tenth largest city and eighth largest municipality.\nThe city is situated by the mouth of the river Motala str\u00f6m, at Br\u00e5viken, an inlet of the Baltic Sea. Water power from the Motala str\u00f6m and the good harbour were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city, known for its textile industry. It has several nicknames such as: \"Sweden's Manchester\", \"Peking\" and \"Surbullestan\" (Surbulle [sour bun] was a local nickname for the textile workers, and stan is short for Staden, which means The City or The Town in Swedish).", "Q8785": "The Armenian language (classical: \u0570\u0561\u0575\u0565\u0580\u0567\u0576; reformed: \u0570\u0561\u0575\u0565\u0580\u0565\u0576 [h\u0251j\u025b\u02c8\u027e\u025bn] hayeren) is an Indo-European language that is the only language in the Armenian branch. It is the official language of Armenia as well as the de facto Republic of Artsakh. Historically being spoken throughout the Armenian Highlands, today, Armenian is widely spoken throughout the Armenian diaspora. Armenian is written in its own writing system, the Armenian alphabet, introduced in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots.", "Q264048": "Ultra Warrior, also known as Welcome to Oblivion, is a post-apocalyptic 1990 film directed by Augusto Tamayo San Rom\u00e1n and Kevin Tent. Set in a futuristic dystopia, a nuclear holocaust creates mutants who inhabit the radioactive areas. One man emerges as the leader of a group of survivors called \"Muties\". The main character, portrayed by Dack Rambo, is looking for zirconium which is used to make bombs to prevent aliens from destroying Earth.This B list film is notable for its excessive use of stock footage and its poor quality. Some footage comes from other New Horizons films such as Lords of the Deep, Crime Zone, Battletruck, Battle Beyond the Stars, Wheels of Fire and Dune Warriors. In fact, even a sex scene comes from stock footage, as the character in the scene has long, blond hair, while Dack Rambo's hair is dark and short.The Concorde theatrical release was filmed in Peru and was later cut up for the VHS release.", "Q11481": "Kathleen Booth (born 1922) wrote the first assembly language and designed the assembler and autocode for the first computer systems at Birkbeck College, University of London. She helped design three different machines including the ARC (Automatic Relay Calculator), SEC (Simple Electronic Computer), and APE(X)C.", "Q1897271": "Marie Bryant (November 6, 1919 \u2013 May 23, 1978) was an American dancer, singer and choreographer, described as \"one of the most vivacious black dancers in the United States\".", "Q614980": "Round Table is a Japanese pop band known mostly for their Anime soundtracks. They are most popularly known in the Anime demographic for their hit single, \"Let Me Be With You\" - the opening song for the anime Chobits. The band was formed in 1997 with Katsutoshi Kitagawa (vocals, guitar, and bass guitar) and Rieko Ito (vocals and keyboard) as band members. In 2002, Nino joined as a guest vocalist. Nino provides the main vocals for the songs while Kitagawa provides backing vocals. Since then their songs have often been credited as \"ROUND TABLE featuring Nino\". The name of the album April came from Nino's birth-month.\n\n", "Q386967": "Seth Wallace Cobb (December 5, 1838 \u2013 May 22, 1909) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri.", "Q77704": "Friedrich Hermann Loew (19 July 1807 \u2013 21 April 1879) was a German entomologist who specialised in the study of Diptera, an order of insects including flies, mosquitoes, gnats and midges. He described many world species and was the first specialist to work on the Diptera of the United States.", "Q373246": "Eagle Records is an English record label, a division of Universal Music Group and Eagle Rock Entertainment.In the United Kingdom the label's managing director is Lindsay Brown, former manager of Van Halen, while in the United States the head is Mike Carden, formerly of CMC International Records.", "Q559186": "The Fruitbearing Society (German Die Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft, lat. societas fructifera) was a German literary society founded in 1617 in Weimar by German scholars and nobility. Its aim was to standardize vernacular German and promote it as both a scholarly and literary language, after the pattern of the Accademia della Crusca in Florence and similar groups already thriving in Italy, followed in later years also in France (1635) and Britain.\nIt was also known as the Palmenorden (\"Palm Order\") because its emblem was the then-exotic fruitbearing coconut palm. Caspar von Teutleben (1576\u20131629), Hofmarschall at the court in Weimar, was the founding father of the society. As a young man he had travelled Italy and got inspired by the Italian language academies. During the funeral celebrations of Duchess Dorothea Maria in August 1617 which were attended by several princes he took the opportunity to propose the founding of a society following the example of the Italian Accademia della Crusca. Particularly Prince Ludwig von Anhalt-K\u00f6then who already had joined the Accademia della Crusca in 1600 took hold of the idea and became the first president of the Palm Order.The society counted a king, 153 Germanic princes, and over 60 barons, nobles, and distinguished scholars among its members. It disbanded in 1668.\nThe first book about the Palm Order, Der Teutsche Palmbaum, was written by Carl Gustav von Hille and published in Nuremberg in 1647.", "Q1262628": "Habib Achour (Arabic:\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 ; February 25, 1913 in Kerkennah Islands \u2013 March 14, 1999 in Kerkennah Islands) was a Tunisian trade unionist. As vice president of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, Achour was among the founders of the Tunisian General Labour Union (UGTT) in 1946, which he directed three times: from 1963 to 1965, from 1970 to 1978, and from 1984 to 1989.", "Q67517": "Hans-J\u00fcrgen Wischnewski (24 July 1922 \u2013 24 February 2005) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).", "Q37320": "Cleveland ( KLEEV-l\u0259nd) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio, and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. The city proper has a population of 385,525, making it the 52nd-largest city in the United States and the second-largest city in Ohio. Greater Cleveland is ranked as the 33rd-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with 2,057,009 people in 2018. A Gamma + city, Cleveland anchors the Cleveland\u2013Akron\u2013Canton Combined Statistical Area, which had a population of 3,515,646 in 2010 and is ranked 15th in the United States.\nThe city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S. maritime border with Canada and approximately 60 miles (100 kilometers) west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania state border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River by General Moses Cleaveland. It became a manufacturing center due to its location on both the river and the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland's economy relies on diversified sectors such as manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, biomedicals, and higher education, and the city ranks 31st in the nation per economic output, with GDP of $134 billion in 2018.The city's major cultural institutions include the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Cleveland Orchestra, Playhouse Square, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Known as \"The Forest City\" among many other nicknames, Cleveland serves as the center of the Cleveland Metroparks nature reserve system.", "Q12238128": "Majid bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (19 October 1938 \u2013 13 April 2003) was a member of House of Saud and served in different cabinet positions as well as Mecca governor.\n\n", "Q85592": "Hans Gerhard Franciskowsky (14 January 1936 \u2013 3 November 2011) was a German author of popular fiction, notably science fiction, and radio dramas. He wrote pseudonymously, most often as H. G. Francis, or as Hans G. Francis, H. G. Francisco, Gunther Frank, Peter Bars, R. C. Quoos-Raabe, Frank Sky, Hans G. Stelling or Ted Scott.\nFrancis was one of post-war Germany's most prolific authors, writing more than 400 novels and about 600 radio drama plays. His written work includes about 300 entries in the Perry Rhodan science fiction series and its spin-offs, as well as a young adult science fiction series of his own, Commander Perkins.\nIn the heyday of cassette radio dramas until the 1980s, he wrote hundreds of adaptations or original plays for youth series such as Three Investigators, The Famous Five, TKKG and Masters of the Universe. In total, more than 120 million of his plays were sold. They reached gold status 120 times and platinum status six times.", "Q3157734": "Jacqueline Summers Gold (born 16 July 1960) is a British businesswoman who is Chief Executive of Gold Group International, Ann Summers and Knickerbox.\nGold is estimated to be the 16th richest woman in Great Britain. Gold is worth \u00a3470 million, according to The Sunday Times Rich List in 2019.", "Q238045": "Kari Samantha Wuhrer (born April 28, 1967) is an American actress and singer. Wuhrer began her career as a teenager, and is best known for her time as a cast member on MTV's Remote Control, as well as her roles as Maggie Beckett in the television series Sliders and as Sheriff Samantha Parker in the horror comedy film Eight Legged Freaks.", "Q3808": "Yaound\u00e9 (US: , UK: ; French pronunciation: \u200b[ja.unde]; German: Jaunde) is the capital of Cameroon and, with a population of more than 2.8 million, the second-largest city in the country after the port city Douala. It lies in the Centre Region of the nation at an elevation of about 750 metres (2,500 ft) above sea level.", "Q696029": "Arnold Ross (January 29, 1921, Boston - June 5, 2000, Culver City, California) was an American jazz pianist.\nArnold learned clarinet, trumpet, and violin as a child before picking up piano when he was twelve years old. He played on a cruise ship before relocating to New York City, working there with Jack Jenney. He then joined Vaughn Monroe's backing band, and in 1943 was drafted and entered the Glenn Miller Army Air Force Band. From 1944 to 1947 he worked with Harry James; around the same time he played with Harry Edison, Charlie Ventura, and Charlie Parker. He moved to California in 1947, working with Lena Horne, Dizzy Gillespie, Bob Crosby, and Billy Eckstine, in addition to leading his own small group.\nBy 1960 Ross had become addicted to heroin, and entered a Synanon treatment program; he became affiliated with the Synanon organization and appeared in the Synanon film in 1965. He worked extensively with Nelson Riddle from 1968 to 1976, and was active as a touring performer into the 1990s.", "Q655062": "Katia Serra (born 5 April 1973 in Bologna, Italy) is an Italian former football player. She later became a television football pundit for Rai Sport.\nShe played for Bologna (1986\u20131991), Lugo di Ravenna (1994\u20131997), Modena (1997\u20131999), Lazio (2002\u20132003), Bergamo (2003\u20132004), Atletico Oristano (2004\u20132005), Agliana and Terme di Cervia (2005\u20132006), Reggiana (2006\u20132007), Trento (2007\u20132008), Roma (2008\u20132009) and Levante (2010).She won an Italian championship with Modena.\nShe played 20 matches for Italy women's national football team (the first being on 20 March 2002), scoring one goal.", "Q345938": "Boris Kuschnir (born 1948) is a Ukrainian-born Austrian violinist and academic.", "Q49826": "Andrew E. Rubin is an American computer programmer, engineer, entrepreneur, and venture capitalist. He is the founder and former CEO of venture capital firm Playground Global, as well as the co-founder and former CEO of both Danger Inc. and Android Inc.", "Q10953": "Henriette Davidson Avram (October 7, 1919 \u2013 April 22, 2006) was a computer programmer and systems analyst who developed the MARC format (Machine Readable Cataloging), the international data standard for bibliographic and holdings information in libraries. Avram's development of the MARC format in the late 1960s and early 1970s at the Library of Congress had a revolutionizing effect on the practice of librarianship, making possible the automation of many library functions and the sharing of bibliographic information electronically between libraries using pre-existing cataloging standards.", "Q231713": "Christina Victoria Grimmie (March 12, 1994 \u2013 June 10, 2016) was an American YouTuber, singer, songwriter, and actress. In 2009, she began posting covers of popular songs onto YouTube. After releasing her debut EP, Find Me (2011), she reached one million subscribers on her YouTube channel. After her channel reached two million subscribers, she released her debut studio album, With Love (2013).\nIn 2014, Grimmie was a contestant on season six of The Voice, finishing in third place. Adam Levine, her coach on the show, announced in the finale that regardless of the results he would sign her to his label 222 Records. Lil Wayne also offered to sign her to his label, Young Money Entertainment. She was signed with Island Records for a short time before being dropped.\nIn 2016, Grimmie released her second EP, Side A. That same year, she also took on an acting role, making her first and only motion picture appearance in The Matchbreaker. On June 10, 2016, Grimmie was fatally shot in a murder-suicide by an obsessed fan; the shooting occurred while she was signing autographs following a concert performance at The Plaza Live in Orlando, Florida.\nIn 2017, Side B, a posthumous follow up to Side A, was made available on Spotify and iTunes. On June 9, 2017, Grimmie's second and final album, All Is Vanity, was released posthumously. In 2019, her YouTube channel reached four million subscribers.", "Q1337601": "Murder Inc. (formerly The Inc.) is an American record label founded by Chris and Irv Gotti in 1992.", "Q154899": "Giovanni de' Bardi (5 February 1534 \u2013 September 1612), Count of Vernio, was an Italian literary critic, writer, composer and soldier.", "Q67503": "Oberthal is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q84698": "Wolfgang Wodarg (born March 2, 1947) is a German physician and politician for SPD.\nAs chair of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Health Committee Wodarg co-signed a proposed resolution on December 18, 2009, which was briefly discussed in January 2010 in an emergency debate and he has called for an inquiry into alleged undue influence exerted by pharmaceutical companies on the World Health Organization\u2019s global H1N1 flu campaign.", "Q103719": "Ernst Tengelmann (14 January 1870 \u2013 30 March 1954) was a German entrepreneur. \nFrom 1912 he was Director-General of the Essener Steinkohlenbergwerke AG and CEO of Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-AG. In addition to Carl Hold and Gustav Knepper he was one of the most influential mining figures in 1930s Ruhr Valley.\nIn the 1920s Tengelmann was an active member of the German People's Party, but in 1930 he joined the Nazi party and participated in the Secret Meeting of 20 February 1933 where he gave the party considerable financial support. His sons, Walter and Wilhelm also worked actively for the Nazi party. \n\n", "Q21556": "Mercedes Valdivieso (March 1, 1924 \u2013 August 3, 1993) was a Chilean writer, known since her earliest writings for the subversive nature of her texts. She was born in Santiago, Chile. She first wrote La Brecha (Breakthrough) in 1961, which is considered to be a landmark feminist Latin-American novel. This novel caused dismay from the reactionary segment of society and loud applause from the critics and is considered a revolutionary departure from the traditional treatment of the feminine role in marriage. Breakthrough is a novel that ends with the heroine's awareness that she didn't really need to depend upon a man in order to lead a fulfilling life. The book enjoyed an unexpected publishing success and went through five consecutive editions. Mercedes Valdivieso had the extreme audacity to become an innovator; she bridged the gap between romantic and domestic fiction in a society where women have been viewed as a sexless gender, icons of virtue, and depending on men to meet the necessities of life. Valdivieso also was founder and director of Adan, a men's magazine, and Breakthrough, a feminist publication, she published articles in newspapers and magazines and she gave many lectures and speeches. She taught literature at the University of Peking, at the University of Houston, at Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches,at University of St. Thomas in Houston and she was a Professor Emeritus at Rice University.", "Q164782": "Christopher Ashton Kutcher (; born February 7, 1978) is an American actor, producer, and entrepreneur. He began his acting career portraying Michael Kelso in sitcom That '70s Show (1998\u20132006). He made his film debut in the romantic comedy Coming Soon (1999), followed by the comedy film Dude, Where's My Car? (2000), which was a box office hit. In 2003, Kutcher moved into romantic comedies, appearing in that year's Just Married and My Boss's Daughter. In 2003, he created and produced the television series Punk'd, also serving as host for the first eight of its ten seasons. In 2004, Kutcher starred in the lead role of the psychological film The Butterfly Effect.\nKutcher subsequently appeared in more romantic comedies, including Guess Who (2005), A Lot Like Love (2005), What Happens in Vegas (2008), and No Strings Attached (2011). He starred as Walden Schmidt on the sitcom Two and a Half Men (2011\u20132015). In 2013, Kutcher portrayed Steve Jobs in the biographical film Jobs. He also starred as Colt Bennett in the Netflix series The Ranch (2016-2020).\nBeyond entertainment, Kutcher is also a venture capitalist. He is a co-founder of the venture capital firm A-Grade Investments. At SXSW on March 14, 2015, Kutcher announced Sound Ventures, the successor to A-Grade Investments, managing a fund backed by institutional funding. Kutcher has also successfully invested in several high technology startups. Kutcher has investments in over 60 companies, the most prominent of which include Skype, Foursquare, Airbnb, Path and Fab.com. Kutcher has invested in five startups as of August 2017\u2014Neighborly, Zenreach, ResearchGate, Kopari Beauty, and Lemonade\u2014marking his foray into the \"insurtech\" sector.", "Q71361": "Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst (born 20 November 1959) is a German prelate of the Catholic Church and theologian. He was a vicar and an auxiliary bishop in M\u00fcnster before becoming the Bishop of Limburg in January 2008. \nPope Francis removed him from the exercise of his episcopal office on 23 October 2013 and on 26 March 2014 accepted his resignation as Bishop of Limburg, following a long-standing public dispute about the costs and financing of a diocesan construction project.", "Q464207": "Eduard Vilde (4 March [O.S. 20 February] 1865 \u2013 26 December 1933) was an Estonian writer, a pioneer of critical realism in Estonian literature, and a diplomat. Author of classics such as The War in Mahtra and The Milkman from M\u00e4ek\u00fcla. He was one of the most revered figures in Estonian literature and is generally credited as being the country's first professional writer.", "Q85586": "Dr. Sigmar Wittig (born 25 February 1940 in Nimptsch, former Silesia region of Germany) has been the Chairman of the Executive Board of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt) since March 2002. He was the chair of the European Space Agency Council for a two-year term between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2007.Professor Wittig was instrumental in starting an exchange program between Purdue University and the University of Karlsruhe called the Global Engineering Alliance for Research and Education (GEARE).", "Q190165": "Louangphabang, (Lao: \u0eab\u0ea5\u0ea7\u0e87\u0e9e\u0eb0\u0e9a\u0eb2\u0e87) or Luang Phabang (pronounced [l\u01d4a\u014b p\u02b0a.b\u00e0\u02d0\u014b]), commonly transliterated into Western languages from the pre-1975 Lao spelling \u0eab\u0ebc\u0ea7\u0e87\u0e9e\u0ea3\u0eb0\u0e9a\u0eb2\u0e87 (\u0ea3 = silent r) as Luang Prabang, literally meaning \"Royal Buddha Image\", is a city in north central Laos, consisting of 58 adjacent villages, of which 33 comprise the UNESCO Town Of Luang Prabang World Heritage Site. It was listed in 1995 for unique and \"remarkably\" well preserved architectural, religious and cultural heritage, a blend of the rural and urban developments over several centuries, including the French colonial influences during the 19th and 20th centuries.The centre of the city consists of four main roads and is located on a peninsula at the confluence of the Nam Khan and Mekong River. Luang Prabang is well known for its numerous Buddhist temples and monasteries. Every morning, hundreds of monks from the various monasteries walk through the streets collecting alms. One of the city's major landmarks is Mount Phou Si; a large steep hill which despite the constrained scale of the city, is 150 metres (490 ft) high; a steep staircase leads to Wat Chom Si shrine and an overlook of the city and the rivers.The city was formerly the capital of a kingdom of the same name. It had also been known by the ancient name of Xieng Thong. It was the royal capital and seat of government of the Kingdom of Laos, until the Pathet Lao takeover in 1975. The city is part of Luang Prabang District of Luang Prabang Province and is the capital and administrative centre of the province. It lies approximately 300 km (190 mi) north of the capital Vientiane. Currently, the population of the city as a whole is roughly 56,000 inhabitants with the UNESCO protected site being inhabited by around 24,000.", "Q760967": "Clare College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. The college was founded in 1326 as University Hall, making it the second-oldest surviving college of the University after Peterhouse. It was refounded in 1338 as Clare Hall by an endowment from Elizabeth de Clare, and took on its current name in 1856. Clare is famous for its chapel choir and for its gardens on \"The Backs\" (the back of the colleges that overlook the River Cam).\nThe current Master is barrister Anthony Grabiner, Baron Grabiner.\nClare is consistently one of the most popular Cambridge colleges amongst prospective applicants.", "Q61172": "Friedrich-Wilhelm Kr\u00fcger (8 May 1894 \u2013 10 May 1945) was a Nazi official and high-ranking member of the SA and the SS. Between 1939 and 1943 he was the Higher SS and Police Leader in the General Government in German-occupied Poland and in that capacity he organized and supervised numerous acts of crimes against humanity and had a major responsibility for the Holocaust. At the end of the war, he committed suicide.\n\n", "Q27127": "Charles Hesterman Merz (5 October 1874 \u2013 14 or 15 October 1940) was a British electrical engineer who pioneered the use of high-voltage three-phase AC power distribution in the United Kingdom, building a system in the North East of England in the early 20th century that became the model for the country's National Grid.", "Q1089157": "Chuck Marohnic is an American jazz pianist and educator, known for his association with Chet Baker. He was the director of jazz studies at Arizona State University from 1981 to 2003 and has published several jazz instruction books in addition to recording.", "Q109552": "Heinrich Sudermann (31 August 1520 \u2013 7 September 1591) was an official of the Hanseatic League from Cologne. When the post of Syndic was created in 1556, Sudermann was elected as permanent official with legal training who worked to protect and extend the diplomatic agreements of the Hansa member towns. In 1557 and 1579, revised agreements spelled out the duties of towns and some progress was made.", "Q745517": "Bad Company are an English hard rock supergroup formed in Westminster, London, in 1973 by singer Paul Rodgers and guitarist Mick Ralphs, later adding drummer Simon Kirke and bassist Boz Burrell. Peter Grant, who managed the rock band Led Zeppelin, also managed Bad Company until 1982.\nBad Company are most well known for their song \u2018\u2019Bad Company\u2019\u2019 off their album Bad Company written and recorded by Bad Company. However, Bad Company enjoyed great success throughout the 1970s. Their first three albums, Bad Company (1974), Straight Shooter (1975), and Run with the Pack (1976), reached the top five in the album charts in both the UK and US. Many of their singles/songs, such as \"Bad Company\", \"Can't Get Enough\", \"Good Lovin' Gone Bad\", \"Feel Like Makin' Love\", \"Ready for Love\", \"Shooting Star\", and \"Rock 'n' Roll Fantasy\", remain staples of classic rock radio. They have sold 15.5 million RIAA-certified albums in the United States.", "Q908998": "Arthur \"Dooley\" Wilson (April 3, 1886 \u2013 May 30, 1953) was an American actor, singer and musician who is best remembered as Sam in the 1942 film, Casablanca; in the film, he also performed its theme song, \"As Time Goes By\".\nWilson was a drummer and singer who led his own band in the 1920s, touring nightclubs in London and Paris. In the 1930s he took up acting, playing supporting roles onstage on Broadway and in a series of modest films. His role in Casablanca was by far his most prominent, but his other films included My Favorite Blonde (1942) with Bob Hope, Stormy Weather (1943) with Lena Horne and the Nicholas Brothers, and the Western Passage West (1951).", "Q90835": "Johann von Lutz (4 December 1826, in M\u00fcnnerstadt \u2013 3 September 1890 in Niederp\u00f6cking, Bavaria) was a Bavarian politician.", "Q177098": "Jean Boulet (16 November 1920, Brunoy \u2013 13 February 2011, Aix-en-Provence) was a French aviator. In 1957, Boulet was awarded the Aeronautical Medal; in 1983, he became one of the founding members of the French National Air and Space Academy. He died at the age of 90.", "Q106661": "Erhan Emre (born 4 September 1978) is a Turkish\u2013German actor, director, film producer and writer.", "Q637195": "Alanis Obomsawin, (born August 31, 1932) is an American Canadian Abenaki filmmaker, singer, artist and activist primarily known for her documentary films. Born in New Hampshire, United States and raised primarily in Quebec, Canada, she has written and directed many National Film Board of Canada documentaries on First Nations issues.\nObomsawin's described \"the basic purpose [of my films] is for our people to have a voice [...] no matter what we're talking about whether it has to do with having our existence recognised, or whether it has to do with speaking about our values, our survival, our beliefs, that we belong to something beautiful, that it's O.K. to be an Indian, to be a native person in this country.\" Her best known documentary is Kanehsatake: 270 Years of Resistance, about the 1990 Oka Crisis, Quebec.", "Q108894": "G\u00fcnter Reimann (November 13, 1904 \u2013 February 5, 2005) was a German economist and founder & editor of International Reports, a New York-based weekly publication he sold to the London Financial Times in 1983. Prior to World War II, he was a member of the Communist Party of Germany and at the forefront of the underground resistance to Adolf Hitler within Nazi Germany.", "Q1277557": "Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, also known as Democratic Federative Yugoslavia (DF Yugoslavia or DFY), was a provisional state established during World War II on 29 November 1943 through the Second Session of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ). The National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia (NKOJ) was its original executive body. Throughout its existence it was governed by Marshal Josip Broz Tito as prime minister.\nIt was recognized by the Allies at the Tehran Conference, along with the AVNOJ as its deliberative body. The Yugoslav government-in-exile of King Peter II in London, partly due to pressure from the United Kingdom, recognized the AVNOJ government with the Treaty of Vis, signed on 16 June 1944 between the prime minister of the government-in-exile, Ivan \u0160uba\u0161i\u0107, and Tito. With the Treaty of Vis, the government-in-exile and the NKOJ agreed to merge into a provisional government as soon as possible. The form of the new government was agreed upon in a second \u0160uba\u0161i\u0107\u2013Tito agreement signed on 1 November 1944 in the recently liberated Yugoslav capital of Belgrade. DF Yugoslavia became one of the founding members of the United Nations upon the signing of the United Nations Charter in October 1945.\nThe state was formed to unite the Yugoslav resistance movement to the occupation of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers. The agreement left the issue of whether the state would be a monarchy or a republic undecided until after the war and the position of head of state was vacant. After the merge of the governments, Josip Broz Tito became Prime Minister and Ivan \u0160uba\u0161i\u0107 became foreign minister.\n\n", "Q87391": "Ernst Kreuder (29 August 1903 \u2013 24 December 1972) was a German author. He was born in Zeitz and died in Darmstadt.", "Q42973": "An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that have human occupancy or use as their principal purpose. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, which derives from the Greek (arkhi-, chief + tekton, builder), i.e., chief builder.Professionally, an architect's decisions affect public safety, and thus an architect must undergo specialized training consisting of advanced education and a practicum (or internship) for practical experience to earn a license to practice architecture. Practical, technical, and academic requirements for becoming an architect vary by jurisdiction.", "Q73576": "Laurentius Corvinus (German: Laurentius Rabe; Polish: Wawrzyniec Korwin; 1465\u20131527) was a Silesian scholar who lectured as an \"extraordinary\" (i.e. untenured) professor at the University of Krakow when Nicolaus Copernicus began to study there. He also attracted a reputation as one of the finest Silesian poets of the early Renaissance and as an important agent for cultural and religious change in his adopted home of Breslau (now Wroc\u0142aw).\nLaurentius Corvinus was born as Laurentius Rabe in Neumarkt (now \u015aroda \u015al\u0105ska) in Lower Silesia, about 30 km east of Legnica west of Vrotzuav, son of Barthel Rabe, a furrier and member of the local council. As a student at Krak\u00f3w, he Latinized his name, possibly under the influence of Conrad Celtis, and became known as Corvinus (a Latin translation of his German name Rabe, or raven). After receiving his M.A. at the University of Krak\u00f3w, Corvinus lectured on \"De ente et essentia\" (1492) and Aristotle's Libri Posteriorum (1493); the young Nicolaus Copernicus was probably one of his students during this time. Corvinus later helped to publish Copernicus' Latin translation of the Letters of the Byzantine Greek poet Theophylactus Simocatta by sending Copernicus's translation to the printer Johann Haller in Krak\u00f3w to be published in 1509. He also supplied the printed edition of Copernicus' translation with two poems, one of which describes the journey of Corvinus and his wife Anna back to Breslau, and also makes reference to Copernicus' interest in astronomy. It is not entirely clear whether or not Corvinus' poem actually refers to Copernicus' heliostatic theory, but in any case it is important as a very early witness for Copernicus' involvement in astronomical speculation.Corvinus was also close friend to another Silesian, Johannes Sommerfeld, who also taught at Krak\u00f3w while Copernicus was there. He was influenced by Conrad Celtis and Copernicus befriended the group of humanists. As a student and later magister at the University of Krakow he was acquainted with astronomy; as magister he lectured at the faculty for several years, including the first years of Copernicus\u2019 studies in Krak\u00f3w.\nAfter leaving Krak\u00f3w, Corvinus worked as school rector and then city secretary (Stadtschreiber) at Schweidnitz' (now \u015awidnica) (1494\u20131497). He then moved to Breslau to work as rector of St Elisabeth's school (1497\u20131503) and then as one of the senior city secretaries (1503\u20131506), before moving to a position as city secretary of Toru\u0144 (1506\u20131508). He and his wife then moved back to Breslau in 1508, where he resumed his position as senior city secretary; they remained in Breslau, living in a house near the Siebenradm\u00fchle (near the present site of the university library), for the rest of their lives.\nCorvinus published humanistic writings and poems, many of them religious and philosophical in nature. He was greatly influenced by the Franciscan spirituality of St Bonaventure and the Neoplatonism of Marsilio Ficino. In the spirit of Italian and German humanists he described his adopted home of Breslau in terms borrowed from classical mythology as the new home of the Muses. He was also involved in the introduction of the Lutheran Reformation to Breslau, and personally took part in Johann He\u00df's disputation in 1524, where he declaimed a poem celebrating Martin Luther as a hero of religion. He was also involved in an epistolary exchange on religious matters with Stanis\u0142aw Byli\u0144ski, canon at Przemy\u015bl, published by Byli\u0144ski in 1531.", "Q110003": "Fritz K. Mueller (1907 \u2013 2001 Huntsville, Alabama, USA) was a German engineer.\nMueller was hired by Kreiselger\u00e4te Company in 1933. He developed the PIGA accelerometer. and worked on gyroscopes for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Later on, he worked on the guidance and control system for the A3 test rocket, the A5, and the A4 (V-2) ballistic missile.Under Project Paperclip, Mueller emigrated to the United States on 16 November 1945 with the Argentina group. There, he worked on developing guidance systems for the PGM-11 Redstone, PGM-19 Jupiter, MGM-31 Pershing, and the Saturn I missiles.\nIn 1960 Mueller left NASA for private industry.", "Q235575": "Gabrielle Anne Carteris (born January 2, 1961) is an American actress and trade union leader. Her best known acting role was as Andrea Zuckerman during the early seasons of the 1990s television series Beverly Hills, 90210.\nIn 2012, Carteris was elected as executive vice president of SAG-AFTRA, a trade union representing over 100,000 actors and other professionals mainly in the United States. She assumed the position of acting president of the union following the death of the previous president, Ken Howard, on March 23, 2016. On April 9, 2016, Carteris was elected SAG-AFTRA president. She was re-elected to the position in August, 2019.", "Q1690885": "Joaqu\u00edn Clerch (born 1965 in Havana, Cuba) is a classical guitarist and composer. He was a close friend and prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Cuban guitarist and composer Leo Brouwer. Clerch's composition Yemaya won first prize in both the 1987 National Cuban Composition Competition and the 1987 Toronto International Guitar Competition. He currently resides in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany where he is a Professor of Guitar at the Robert-Schumann-Hochschule D\u00fcsseldorf (Robert Schumann University D\u00fcsseldorf).", "Q392906": "Erling Sachs Wicklund (7 June 1944 \u2013 8 August 2019) was a Norwegian jazz trombonist, composer, arranger and journalist, known for a series of jazz programs on NRK.", "Q2142762": "Eli Biham (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd\u200e) is an Israeli cryptographer and cryptanalyst, currently a professor at the Technion Israeli Institute of Technology Computer Science department. Starting from October 2008 and till 2013, Biham was the dean of the Technion Computer Science department, after serving for two years as chief of CS graduate school.\nBiham received his Ph.D. for inventing (publicly) differential cryptanalysis, while working under Adi Shamir. It had, it turned out, been invented at least twice before. A team at IBM discovered it during their work on DES, and was requested/required to keep their discovery secret by the NSA, who evidently knew about it as well.", "Q744609": "Oulipo (French pronunciation: \u200b[ulipo], short for French: Ouvroir de litt\u00e9rature potentielle; roughly translated: \"workshop of potential literature\") is a loose gathering of (mainly) French-speaking writers and mathematicians who seek to create works using constrained writing techniques. It was founded in 1960 by Raymond Queneau and Fran\u00e7ois Le Lionnais. Other notable members have included novelists Georges Perec and Italo Calvino, poets Oskar Pastior, Jean Lescure and poet/mathematician Jacques Roubaud.\nThe group defines the term litt\u00e9rature potentielle as (rough translation): \"the seeking of new structures and patterns which may be used by writers in any way they enjoy\".\nConstraints are used as a means of triggering ideas and inspiration, most notably Perec's \"story-making machine\", which he used in the construction of Life A User's Manual. As well as established techniques, such as lipograms (Perec's novel A Void) and palindromes, the group devises new methods, often based on mathematical problems, such as the knight's tour of the chess-board and permutations.", "Q86931": "Friederike Sophie Seyler (1738, Dresden \u2013 22 November 1789, Schleswig; n\u00e9e Sparmann, formerly married Hensel) was a German actress, playwright and librettist. Alongside Friederike Caroline Neuber, she was widely considered Germany's greatest actress of the 18th century; Gotthold Ephraim Lessing described her in his Hamburg Dramaturgy as \"incontestably one of the best actresses that German theatre has ever seen.\"The granddaughter of the famous architect Matth\u00e4us Daniel P\u00f6ppelmann, she ran away from an abusive uncle under the threat of a forced marriage to join the theatre at the age of sixteen in 1754. She established herself as one of Germany's leading actresses in the 1760s and was acclaimed for her portrayal of passionate, majestic, tragic heroines. From 1767 she was professionally and personally associated with the theatre director Abel Seyler, whom she married in 1772, as the leading actress of the Hamburg National Theatre and later of the Seyler Theatre Company. With Seyler she led an itinerant life until her death, performing widely across the German-speaking realm. She also stayed for several periods at the Vienna Burgtheater between 1757 and 1772. She was associated with all the leading theatres of her era: Hamburg, Vienna, Weimar, Gotha and Mannheim.She is regarded as one of the most important female playwrights of the 18th century, and her renown as an actress contributed to the popularity of her plays. Her libretto for the opera Oberon (originally titled Huon and Amanda) was a major inspiration for Emanuel Schikaneder's libretto for the opera The Magic Flute; a lightly adapted version of Seyler's opera was the first opera performed by Schikaneder's troupe at their new theatre, the Theater auf der Wieden, and established a tradition within the Schikaneder company of fairy-tale operas that was to culminate two years later in The Magic Flute, which shared several plots, characters, and singers with Seyler's Oberon.", "Q80398": "Pericles (; Attic Greek: \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 Perikl\u0113s, pronounced [pe.ri.kl\u025b\u0302\u02d0s] in Classical Attic; c. 495 \u2013 429 BC) was a prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator and general of Athens during its golden age \u2013 specifically the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars. He was descended, through his mother, from the powerful and historically influential Alcmaeonid family. Pericles had such a profound influence on Athenian society that Thucydides, a contemporary historian, acclaimed him as \"the first citizen of Athens\". Pericles turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire, and led his countrymen during the first two years of the Peloponnesian War. The period during which he led Athens, roughly from 461 to 429 BC, is sometimes known as the \"Age of Pericles\", though the period thus denoted can include times as early as the Persian Wars, or as late as the next century.\nPericles promoted the arts and literature; it is principally through his efforts that Athens acquired the reputation of being the educational and cultural center of the ancient Greek world. He started an ambitious project that generated most of the surviving structures on the Acropolis (including the Parthenon). This project beautified and protected the city, exhibited its glory, and gave work to the people. Pericles also fostered Athenian democracy to such an extent that critics call him a populist. He, along with several members of his family, succumbed to the Plague of Athens in 429 BC, which weakened the city-state during a protracted conflict with Sparta.", "Q347691": "Tim O'Reilly (born 6 June 1954) is the founder of O'Reilly Media (formerly O'Reilly & Associates). He popularised the terms open source and Web 2.0.", "Q274529": "The Book of Eli is a 2010 American post-apocalyptic neo-western action film directed by The Hughes Brothers, written by Gary Whitta, and starring Denzel Washington, Gary Oldman, Mila Kunis, Ray Stevenson, and Jennifer Beals. The story revolves around Eli, a nomad in a post-apocalyptic world, who is told by a voice to deliver his copy of a mysterious book to a safe location on the West Coast of the United States. The history of the post-war world is explained along the way, as is the importance of Eli's task. Filming began in February 2009 and took place in New Mexico.The film was released in theaters in January 2010. Alcon Entertainment financed and co-produced the film with Silver Pictures, while it was distributed by Warner Bros. in the United States; international sales were handled by Summit Entertainment.", "Q23427": "South Ossetia (, less commonly ), officially the Republic of South Ossetia \u2013 the State of Alania, or the Tskhinvali Region, is a de facto sovereign state and disputed territory in the South Caucasus recognised by most countries as part of Georgia. It has a population of 53,000 people who live in an area of 3,900 km2, south of the Russian Caucasus, with 30,000 living in Tskhinvali. The separatist polity, Republic of South Ossetia (or the State of Alania), is recognized as a state by Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria. While Georgia lacks control over South Ossetia, the Georgian government and most members of the United Nations consider the territory part of Georgia, whose constitution designates the area as \"the former autonomous district of South Ossetia\", in reference to the former Soviet autonomous oblast disbanded in 1990.Georgia does not recognize the existence of South Ossetia as a political entity, and therefore its territory does not correspond to any Georgian administrative area (although Provisional Administration of South Ossetia was created by the Georgian authorities as a transitional measure leading to the settlement of South Ossetia's status), with most of the territory included into Shida Kartli region. The area is often informally referred to as the legally undefined Tskhinvali Region in both Georgia and international organisations when neutrality is deemed necessary.\nSouth Ossetia declared independence from the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991. The Georgian government responded by abolishing South Ossetia's autonomy and trying to re-establish its control over the region by force. The crisis escalation led to the 1991\u201392 South Ossetia War. Georgians fighting against those controlling South Ossetia occurred on two other occasions, in 2004 and 2008. The latter conflict led to the Russo\u2013Georgian War, during which Ossetian and Russian forces gained full de facto control of the territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast. In the wake of the 2008 war, Georgia and a significant part of the international community consider South Ossetia to be occupied by the Russian military.\nSouth Ossetia relies heavily on military, political and financial aid from Russia.South Ossetia, Transnistria, Artsakh, and Abkhazia are sometimes referred to as post-Soviet \"frozen conflict\" zones.", "Q275637": "Taraneh Alidoosti (Persian: \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u200e, born 12 January 1984) is an Iranian actress. In a poll conducted among 130 film critics by Sanate Cinema magazine, she was voted the best Iranian movie actress of the decade. She has been suggested to be one of the best actresses in Iran. In 2012, a similar poll by the Film Monthly Magazine also chose her as the best actress of the decade.", "Q116314": "Jean-Luc Bideau (born 1 October 1940) is a Swiss film actor.\n\n", "Q328256": "Sagamore St\u00e9venin (9 May 1974 in Paris) is a French actor, sometimes also listed Thomas St\u00e9venin in film credits.", "Q656219": "Elizabeth Jane DeGeneres (n\u00e9e Pfeffer; born May 20, 1930) is an American LGBT rights activist and former speech therapist. She is the mother of Ellen and Vance DeGeneres and the first straight spokeswoman for the Human Rights Campaign's National Coming Out Project and an active member of Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG). She gained notability following her lesbian daughter Ellen's highly publicized coming out in 1997.", "Q1282910": "Edward Joseph Mahoney (March 21, 1949 \u2013 September 13, 2019), known professionally as Eddie Money, was an American rock singer and songwriter who had success in the 1970s and 1980s with 11 Top 40 songs including \"Baby Hold On\", \"Two Tickets to Paradise\", \"Think I'm in Love\", \"Shakin'\", \"Take Me Home Tonight\", \"I Wanna Go Back\", \"Walk on Water\", and \"The Love in Your Eyes\". Money was known as a working-class rocker with a husky voice. In 1987, he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance for \"Take Me Home Tonight\".", "Q272158": "Wendy Moniz Grillo (born January 19, 1969) is an American television actress, best known for her roles as Dinah Marler in the CBS soap opera Guiding Light, as Rachel McCabe in Nash Bridges, and as Louisa Archer in The Guardian. From 2013 to 2014, Moniz starred as Elaine McAllister in ABC drama series Betrayal.\n\n", "Q460707": "The Spectacular Spider-Man is an American animated television series based on the superhero character published by Marvel Comics and developed for television by Greg Weisman and Victor Cook. In terms of overall tone and style, the series is based principally on the Stan Lee/Steve Ditko and Stan Lee/John Romita Sr. runs on The Amazing Spider-Man, with a similar balance of action, drama and comedy as well as a high school setting. However, it also tends to blend material from all eras of the comic's run and other sources such as Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy and the Ultimate Spider-Man comics.The Spectacular Spider-Man premiered on March 8, 2008, during the Kids' WB programming block of The CW. The series aired its second season on Marvel's sister network Disney XD in the United States and ended its run on November 18, 2009. The entire series was broadcast in Canada on Teletoon. Although a third season was initially planned, the series was cancelled before production could begin due to legal problems between Disney (who purchased Marvel during the show's run) and Sony Pictures Television (who created the series).\nDespite the legal troubles and cancellation, the series received widespread universal acclaim from both critics and fans, with much of the praise being aimed at the faithfulness and fidelity to the classic Spider-Man comics, the fresh, unique yet faithful re-imagining of classic Spider-Man concepts and themes, the unique art style, character designs, voice acting, writing, along with Josh Keaton's portrayal of the titular character, and the balance of comedy, drama, action and the exploration of surprisingly mature themes and the realistic insight into the titular character's internal struggles with the burden and the problems of being a superhero. Many have praised the series as being, arguably, the best adaptation of Spider-Man to date.", "Q24348": "Pyotr Filippovich Yakubovich (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u043a\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447; November 3, 1860 \u2013 March 30, 1911) was a Russian revolutionary, poet and member of Narodnaya Volya (People's Will Party) during the 1880s. He graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of Petersburg University (1882). After graduating, he entered the Petersburg Department of Narodnaya Volya. He was an organizer of the \"Young People's Will Party\" as well as its leader and ideologist.\nFrom the age of 24, he spent many years of his life in prisons and katorga. He spent three years in the Peter-Paul Fortress for participation in political movements and was subjected to penal servitude in Siberia from 1887 to 1899.\nHe published in 1895 \u2014 under the pseudonym L. Melshin \u2014 a series of essays life for the prisoners in Siberia: V Mire Otverzjennych (In the World of the Outcasts), and Pasynki zhizni (Life's Stepchildren).\nAccording to an article on Leon Trotsky by David North (referring to Yakubovich's poems) \"His poems, which evoked the heroism and tragedy of the doomed struggle of the revolutionary terrorists against tsarism, made a deep moral impact upon the youth of the 1890s.\" For a list of some of his other works, see \"The Lied and Art Song Texts Page\" on him.", "Q69248": "Giswil is a municipality in the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland.", "Q435048": "Johanna Maria Ellinor Berglund-S\u00e4llstr\u00f6m (30 December 1974 \u2013 13 February 2007) was a Swedish actress, best known for her portrayal of Linda Wallander in Wallander. She worked as an actress for more than 15 years, before her death in 2007.", "Q71407": "Monika Mann (7 June 1910 \u2013 17 March 1992) was a German author and feature writer. She was born in Munich, Germany, the fourth of six children of the Nobel Prize\u2013winning author Thomas Mann and Katia, n\u00e9e Katharina Pringsheim.\nShe trained as a pianist and her early attempts at a musical career seemed promising, but were not met with success and she instead pursued a career as a writer. She married in 1939 but lost her husband the following year, when the ship on which they were travelling to Canada was sunk by a German submarine. Later that year she joined her family in Princeton, New Jersey, and was granted US citizenship in 1952.\nBetween 1954 and 1986, she lived with her partner Antonio Spadaro in Villa Monacone on Capri. This was her most productive time as a writer and her books and several magazine articles were written during this period. After the death of her partner she left Capri and spent her last years until her death with her brother Golo's adopted family in Leverkusen, Germany.", "Q365356": "Timo R\u00e4is\u00e4nen (born 25 July 1979) is a Swedish musician. He has been part of H\u00e5kan Hellstr\u00f6m's band, and has also played in the band Her Majesty. In 2004, he started his solo career.\nR\u00e4is\u00e4nen was born in Gothenburg, Sweden. His mother was born in India, the daughter of an Anglo-Indian mother and a Swedish father. His father was of Finnish descent but was brought up in Brazil. After his parents married, they moved to Sweden.\nThe title of his 2006 album, I'm Indian refers to his mother's ancestry.In 2007, R\u00e4is\u00e4nen received the P3 Guld award, where he was named best male artist of 2007.In 2008, R\u00e4is\u00e4nen received another P3 Guld award, where he was named best live artist of 2008.R\u00e4is\u00e4nen frequently features songs written by other artists on the B-side of his singles. In 2008, he released an album titled ...And Then There Was Timo consisting of a handful of newly recorded covers.In 2009, he sang live along with In Flames, on their song \"Alias\".\nR\u00e4is\u00e4nen has also made his own acoustic cover version of In Flames' \"The Mirror's Truth\".\nR\u00e4is\u00e4nen performed on the National Day of Sweden in 2009 and in the celebration LOVE Stockholm 2010 which was dedicated to Crown Princess Victoria's marriage to Prince Daniel.\nIn 2016 his friend Martin Schaub suggested R\u00e4is\u00e4nen make a record of 70's late folk-pop artist Ted G\u00e4rdestad covers. R\u00e4is\u00e4nen at first thought his friend had gone mad, but eventually made the record, to much success and he claims it made him start writing songs in Swedish. The following year he released \"Tro, Hat, St\u00f6ld\" ( Faith, Hate, Theft), an album consisting of songs in the Swedish language. Both albums resulted in large successful Swedish tours.", "Q4815": "Percy's Progress is a 1974 British comedy film directed by Ralph Thomas. It was written by Sid Colin, Harry H. Corbett and Ian La Frenais. It was released in the United States under the title It's Not the Size That Counts. The US version of the film includes several additional scenes shot by the American distributor, which include an opening scene of a penis transplant operation, and a scene in which a dwarf is seen jumping out of a woman's bed, leaving her to say the film's American title, \"It's not the size that counts.\" The dwarf in question was Luis De Jesus, the star of the infamous Blood Sucking Freaks.\nHarry H. Corbett's character was closely modelled on British prime minister Harold Wilson, down to using well-known Wilson phrases such as \"thirteen years of Tory misrule\" and speaking with a distinct Yorkshire accent.\nThe film is a sequel to Percy, which was itself based on a novel of the same name by Raymond Hitchcock.", "Q49198": "Danbury is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States, located approximately 50 miles (80 km) northeast of New York City, making it part of the New York metropolitan area. Danbury's population at the 2010 census was 80,893.The city is named for Danbury in Essex, England. It is nicknamed the \"Hat City\" because for a period in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries it was the center of the American hat industry. The mineral danburite is named for Danbury.\nDanbury is home to Danbury Hospital, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury Fair Mall and Danbury Municipal Airport.\nIn November 2015, USA Today ranked Danbury as the second best city to live in the United States.\n\n", "Q981602": "Piet Goddaer (born 29 April 1970 in Kortrijk) is a Belgian musician, better known by his stage name Ozark Henry.", "Q769943": "Angry Birds Toons is a Finnish animated TV series based on Rovio's Angry Birds. This animated series follows the adventures of the birds as they guard their eggs against the piggies who want to steal them for their king to eat, as well as adventures from within each group. Episodes have been released weekly.\nThere was an introductory episode called \"Meet the Flock\" in 17 March 2013, which presented the names of the birds. The green pigs are identified by their role such as Corporal Pig, King Pig, Foreman Pig (named Mustache Pig on Netflix and Hulu), or Chef Pig, with Minion Pig allocated to unnamed pigs. Dialogue is generally limited to vocalisations and sound effects similar to the game.\nAs of July 2013, Angry Birds Toons episodes have been viewed more than one billion times. By December 2013, Angry Birds Toons episodes had been viewed over three billion times and by March 2014, episodes had been viewed four billion times.", "Q125906": "SS-Oberscharf\u00fchrer Franz Wolf (born 9 April 1907) was a German Nazi senior squad leader serving with the Action T4 forced euthanasia program, and later, at the Sobib\u00f3r extermination camp in occupied Poland during the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, codenamed Operation Reinhard. Leading a normal life in West Germany for the next twenty years, along with thousands of war criminals protected by Konrad Adenauer, Wolf was arrested in 1964, and indicted during the Sobib\u00f3r trial with participating in the murder of 115,000 Jews. On 20 December 1966, the court in Hagen sentenced him to eight years in prison for taking part in the mass murder of \"at least 39,000 Jews\".He was not an SS-Officer, SS-Oberscharf\u00fchrer is equal to Sergeant (NCO) in the US Army. He was also not a member of the SS-Totenkopfverb\u00e4nde, which ceased to exist as a unit in 1940. The men of the extermination camp were under the command of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD). \nThe guards in regular KZ/KL was under the command of SS-WVHA Amt D, which also was part of the Waffen-SS\n\n", "Q67265": "Liesberg is a municipality in the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q163953": "Gillian Slovo (born 15 March 1952, in Johannesburg) is a South African novelist, playwright and memoirist. She has lived in London since 1964, when her family went into exile there from South Africa. She was a recipient of the Golden PEN Award.", "Q1044657": "Carol Patricia Mas (born October 20, 1955), professionally known as Carolyne Mas, is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, pianist, and producer. She broke out of the Greenwich Village music scene boom of the late 1970s, along with other artists such as Steve Forbert, The Roches, and Willie Nile. She is credited with having started the Songwriter's Workshop at the Cornelia Street Cafe in 1977, which later went on to become the Songwriter's Exchange, featuring singer-songwriters such as Jack Hardy and Suzanne Vega. Although she remains relatively unknown in the United States, except for a loyal cult of fans, she managed to gain popularity in Europe and Canada, mostly due to the use of television as a promotional tool in these markets. Her records did well in the charts in Canada, but her greatest success was in Germany, where a live album, Mas Hysteria, was released by Phonogram. It was originally intended to promote her upcoming appearance on Rockpalast in January 1981, and included her most significant hit, \"Sittin' in the Dark\".", "Q58095": "Jos\u00e9 Manuel Garc\u00eda-Margallo y Marfil (born 13 August 1944) is a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation from 2011 to 2016. Since 2019, he is a member of the European Parliament.", "Q222008": "Mary Kathleen Turner (born June 19, 1954) is an American film and stage actress and director. Known for her distinctive gritty voice, Turner has won two Golden Globe Awards and has been nominated for an Academy Award.Turner rose to fame during the 1980s, after roles in Body Heat (1981), The Man with Two Brains (1983), Crimes of Passion (1984), Romancing the Stone (1984), and Prizzi's Honor (1985), the last two earning her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. In the later 1980s and early 1990s, Turner had roles in The Accidental Tourist (1988), The War of the Roses (1989), Serial Mom (1994), and Peggy Sue Got Married (1986), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress.\nTurner later had roles in Undercover Blues (1993), The Virgin Suicides (film) (1999), Baby Geniuses (1999), and Beautiful (2000), as well as guest-starring on the NBC sitcom Friends as Chandler Bing's drag queen father Charles Bing, and in the third season of Showtime's Californication as Sue Collini, the jaded, sex-crazed owner of a talent agency. Turner's voice roles include Jessica Rabbit in Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), Monster House (2006), and the television series The Simpsons and King of the Hill.\nIn addition to film, Turner has worked in the theatre, and has been nominated for the Tony Award twice for her Broadway roles as Maggie in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof and as Martha in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Turner has also taught acting classes at New York University.", "Q683357": "Josef Emil Krejcik (22 January 1885, Vienna - 4 January 1957) was an Austrian chess master, problemist, journalist and author.\nBorn in Vienna, he participated in many local tournaments before, during and after World War I. He took 6th in 1908 (Richard R\u00e9ti won), took 5th in 1909/10 (the 2nd Trebitsch Memorial, R\u00e9ti won), took 8th in 1910 (Carl Schlechter and Rudolf Spielmann won), took 6th in 1914/15 (the 6th Trebitsch Memorial, Schlechter won), tied for 2nd-3rd, behind J\u00f3zef Dominik, in 1915 (Quadrangular), won ahead of Schenkein in 1915, took 8th in 1921 (Friedrich S\u00e4misch won), shared 1st with Hans Kmoch in 1921, and tied for 10-12th in 1929/30 (the 13th Trebitsch Memorial, Kmoch and Spielmann won). In 1930, he drew a game with P\u00e1l R\u00e9thy in a friendly match Budapest vs. Vienna.Dr. Josef Krejcik published in Vienna's leading chess magazine, the Wiener Schachzeitung, and ran a chess column in the Neues Wiener Tagblatt. He was an author of famous chess books: 13 Kinder Caissens (Vienna 1924), Artige und unartige Kinder der Schachmuse (Leipzig, 1925), and Mein Abschied vom Schach (Berlin, 1955). He was known for his humorous witty remarks.\nHis name is attached to the Krejcik Gambit in the Dutch Defence (1. d4 f5 2. g4).", "Q74218": "Ruprecht Polenz (26 May 1946 in Grosspostwitz) is a German politician and member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) political party.\n\n", "Q951634": "Maury Alan Chaykin (July 27, 1949 \u2013 July 27, 2010) was an American-Canadian actor, best known for his portrayal of detective Nero Wolfe, as well as for his work as a character actor in many films and television programs.", "Q2079087": "Joe M. Rodgers (November 12, 1933 \u2013 February 2, 2009) was an American construction company executive and political operative who served as the United States Ambassador to France.", "Q437138": "Erzs\u00e9bet H\u00e1zy (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025br\u0292e\u02d0b\u025bt \u02c8ha\u02d0zi]; October 1, 1929 \u2013 November 24, 1982) was a Hungarian operatic soprano. She fascinated the critics (see 'Critics' below) and audience not only with her voice but also with perfect acting and her beauty. She was particularly admired for her portrayal of the title heroine in Giacomo Puccini\u2019s Manon Lescaut.\n\n", "Q4340256": "Dr. Lewis S. Owings (September 6, 1820 \u2013 August 20, 1875) was an American politician, physician, and businessman from Tennessee who served as the 2nd Governor of Arizona Territory (Confederate), in exile, from 1862 to 1865. He had previously served as provisional governor of Arizona Territory from 1860 to 1861.", "Q3838598": "Luciano Gaucci (December 28, 1938 \u2013 February 1, 2020) was an Italian entrepreneur and sportsman. He was the owner of various clubs:\n\nPerugia Calcio, a football club based in Perugia, Umbria.\nViterbese Calcio, a football club based in Viterbo, Lazio.\nS.S. Sambenedettese Calcio, a football club based in San Benedetto del Tronto, Marche\nCalcio Catania, a football club based in Catania, Sicily.He was also vice-president of the A.S. Roma football club during the presidential period of Dino Viola in the 1980s. He was born in Rome, Kingdom of Italy.", "Q263732": "Ko Yong-hui (Korean: \uace0\uc6a9\ud76c; Hanja: \u9ad8\u5bb9\u59ec; 26 June 1952 \u2013 13 August 2004), also spelled Ko Young-hee, was the North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong-il's consort and the mother of North Korea's current leader, Kim Jong-un. Within North Korea she is only referred to by titles, such as \"The Respected Mother who is the Most Faithful and Loyal 'Subject' to the Dear Leader Comrade Supreme Commander\", \"The Mother of Pyongyang\", and \"The Mother of Great Songun Korea.\"", "Q713750": "West Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD; (listen) and retrospectively designated the Bonn Republic, was a state that existed between its formation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990. During this Cold War period, the western portion of Germany was part of the Western Bloc. The FRG was created during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, established from eleven states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States, the United Kingdom and France. Its capital was the city of Bonn.\nAt the onset of the Cold War, Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs. Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories, the Saarland and a divided Berlin. Initially, the FRG claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany, considering itself to be the sole democratically reorganised continuation of the 1871\u20131945 German Reich. It took the line that the German Democratic Republic (GDR), commonly referred to as East Germany, was an illegally constituted puppet state. Although the GDR did hold regular elections, these were neither free nor fair and West Germany considered it to be illegitimate.\nThree southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in 1952 and the Saarland joined the FRG in 1957. In addition to the resulting ten states, West Berlin was considered a de facto eleventh state. While legally not part of the FRG as Berlin was under the control of the Allied Control Council, West Berlin politically aligned itself with West Germany and was directly or indirectly represented in its federal institutions. The foundation for the influential position held by Germany today was laid during the economic miracle of the 1950s (Wirtschaftswunder) when West Germany rose from the enormous destruction wrought by World War II to become the world's third-largest economy. The first chancellor Konrad Adenauer, who remained in office until 1963, had worked for a full alignment with NATO rather than neutrality. He not only secured a membership in NATO but was also a proponent of agreements which developed into the present-day European Union. When the G6 was established in 1975, there was no question as to whether West Germany would become a member.\nFollowing the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989, symbolised by the opening of the Berlin Wall, there was a rapid move towards German reunification. East Germany voted to dissolve itself and accede to the FRG in 1990. Its five post-war states (L\u00e4nder) were reconstituted along with the reunited Berlin, which ended its special status and formed an additional Land. They formally joined the FRG on 3 October 1990, raising the number of states from ten to sixteen, ending the division of Germany. The reunion did not result in a new country as the process was essentially a voluntary act of accession, whereby West Germany was enlarged to include the additional states of East Germany which had ceased to exist. The expanded FRG retained West Germany's political culture and continued its existing memberships in international organisations as well as its Western foreign policy alignment and affiliation to Western alliances like the United Nations, NATO, OECD and the European Union.", "Q72669": "Heinrich Peter Hellwege (born 18 August 1908 in Neuenkirchen; died 4 October 1991 in Neuenkirchen) was a German politician (DHP, DP and CDU). Hellwege was Federal Minister for Affairs of the Federal Council (1949\u20131955) and Minister President of Lower Saxony (1955\u20131959).\nWhen he left secondary school in 1926 he started to work as a commercial clerk in Hamburg until in 1933 he joined the family business for six years. During World War II he served with the air force. After the war he turned into a political entrepreneur who restarted a political party, the Nieders\u00e4chsische Landespartei (NLP), later on to be renamed DP, and began his own political career. The first and the last position held by Hellwege was M.P. in the state legislature of Lower Saxony (1947\u201349 and 1959\u201363). Between 1947 and 1961 he was national chairman of the German Party (Deutsche Partei). When his party, the DP, started to fade away he joined the Christian Democratic Union (1961\u201379) without ever being a candidate for that party.", "Q8948": "Arno\u0161t Muka (German: Ernst Mucke; 10 March 1854 \u2013 10 October 1932) was a German and Sorbian writer, linguist and man of science.\nMuka was born in Gro\u00dfh\u00e4nchen which is now in the municipality of Burkau, and studied theology, classical languages and Slavonic in Leipzig. Because of his activities in connection with the Sorbian languages, he was sent to teach in a gymnasium in Chemnitz in 1883, and later to Freiberg. In 1917, he moved back to Bautzen, where he died on 10 October 1932.", "Q2934921": "Camille Dimmer (born 20 April 1939) is a former Luxembourgish footballer and politician. By profession, he was an engineer.", "Q108895": "Gustav Wittfeld (27 October 1855 \u2013 24 September 1923) was a German engineer.", "Q127876": "Bart Denton Ehrman (; born October 5, 1955) is an American New Testament scholar focusing on textual criticism of the New Testament, the historical Jesus, the origins and development of early Christianity. He has written and edited 30 books, including three college textbooks. He has also authored six New York Times bestsellers. He is currently the James A. Gray Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.", "Q361657": "Gary E. Grice (born August 22, 1966), better known by his stage names GZA ( JIZ-\u0259) and The Genius, is an American rapper and songwriter. A founding member of the hip hop group the Wu-Tang Clan, GZA is the group's \"spiritual head\", being both the oldest and the first in the group to receive a record deal. He has appeared on his fellow Clan members' solo projects, and has maintained a successful solo career starting with Liquid Swords (1995).\nHis lyrical style often dismisses typical rap story lines in favor of science and wide-ranging philosophies and has been characterized as \"armed with sharp metaphors and a smooth flow\". An analysis of GZA's lyrics found that he has the fourth largest vocabulary in popular hip hop music. He teamed up with an education group to promote science education in New York City through hip hop.", "Q223316": "The Devil Wears Prada is a 2006 American comedy-drama film directed by David Frankel and produced by Wendy Finerman. The screenplay, written by Aline Brosh McKenna, is based on Lauren Weisberger's 2003 novel of the same name. The film adaptation stars Meryl Streep as Miranda Priestly, a powerful fashion magazine editor, and Anne Hathaway as Andrea \"Andy\" Sachs, a college graduate who goes to New York City and lands a job as Priestly's co-assistant. Emily Blunt and Stanley Tucci co-star as co-assistant Emily Charlton and art director Nigel Kipling, respectively. Adrian Grenier, Simon Baker, and Tracie Thoms play key supporting roles.\nIn 2003, 20th Century Fox bought the rights to a film adaptation of Weisberger's novel before it was completed for publication. However, the project was not greenlit until Streep was cast in the lead role. Principal photography ran for 57 days, primarily taking place in New York from October 2005 to December later that year. Additional filming also occurred in Paris.\nAfter premiering at the LA Film Festival on June 22, 2006, the film was theatrically released in the United States on June 30. The film received positive reviews from critics, with Streep's performance being singled out for praise. This earned her many award nominations, including an Oscar nomination for Best Actress, as well as a Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Comedy or Musical. Hathaway and Blunt also drew favorable reviews and nominations for their performances. The film grossed over $300 million worldwide, against its $41 million budget, and was the 12th highest-grossing film worldwide in 2006.\nAlthough the film is set in the fashion world, most designers and other fashion notables avoided appearing as themselves for fear of displeasing US Vogue editor Anna Wintour, who is widely believed to have been the inspiration for Priestly. Still, many allowed their clothes and accessories to be used in the film, making it one of the most expensively costumed films in history. Wintour later overcame her initial skepticism, saying she liked the film and Streep in particular.", "Q319934": "Soh Jaipil (January 7, 1864 \u2013 January 5, 1951), also known as Philip Jaisohn, was a Korean-American political activist and physician who was a noted champion of the Korean independence movement, the first Korean naturalized citizen of the United States, and founded Tongnip Sinmun, the first Korean newspaper in Hangul.Soh was one of the organizers of the failed Gapsin Coup in 1884 and convicted for treason, seeking refuge in the United States where he became a citizen and earned a medical doctorate. Soh returned to Korea in 1895, becoming a chief advisor of the Joseon government where he advocated for democracy, leaving the Chinese sphere of influence, and numerous civil rights and suffrage movements. Soh was forced back to the United States in 1898, from where participated in the First Korean Congress and advocated for the March 1st Movement and U.S. Government support for Korean independence. Soh became a chief advisor to the United States Army Military Government in Korea after World War II and was elected as an interim representative in South Korea in the 1946 legislative election. Soh died in 1951 shortly after returning to the United States during the Korean War, and in 1994 his remains were reburied at the National Cemetery of South Korea in Seoul.", "Q180377": "Raymond Thornton Chandler (July 23, 1888 \u2013 March 26, 1959) was an American-British novelist and screenwriter. In 1932, at the age of forty-four, Chandler became a detective fiction writer after losing his job as an oil company executive during the Great Depression. His first short story, \"Blackmailers Don't Shoot\", was published in 1933 in Black Mask, a popular pulp magazine. His first novel, The Big Sleep, was published in 1939. In addition to his short stories, Chandler published seven novels during his lifetime (an eighth, in progress at the time of his death, was completed by Robert B. Parker). All but Playback have been made into motion pictures, some more than once. In the year before his death, he was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America.Chandler had an immense stylistic influence on American popular literature. He is considered to be a founder of the hard-boiled school of detective fiction, along with Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and other Black Mask writers. The protagonist of his novels, Philip Marlowe, like Hammett's Sam Spade, is considered by some to be synonymous with \"private detective\". Both were played in films by Humphrey Bogart, whom many consider to be the quintessential Marlowe.\nAt least three of Chandler's novels have been regarded as masterpieces: Farewell, My Lovely (1940), The Little Sister (1949), and The Long Goodbye (1953). The Long Goodbye was praised in an anthology of American crime stories as \"arguably the first book since Hammett's The Glass Key, published more than twenty years earlier, to qualify as a serious and significant mainstream novel that just happened to possess elements of mystery\". Chandler's reputation has grown in recent years.", "Q1159175": "Dan Tepfer (born 1982 in Paris, France) is a French-American jazz pianist and composer. He is best known for his 2011 album Goldberg Variations/Variations and his 2019 multimedia project Natural Machines.", "Q866932": "Kosuke Takahashi (\u9ad8\u6a4b \u6d69\u7950, Takahashi K\u014dsuke, born October 13, 1968 in Kawasaki, Kanagawa) is a Japanese journalist. He contributes to IHS Jane's Defence, NK News and Toyo Keizai Online among other media by writing in both English and Japanese. He is also currently a regular TV commentator of Tokyo MX's Morning Cross program. He worked as the senior online news editor at Thomson Reuters in Tokyo from April 2016 to January 2017, where he focuses on expanding its online news coverage across multiple digital channels. He was appointed editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post Japan in September 2014 where he was in charge of overseeing all of the day-to-day editorial content and operations of the Huffington Post Japan. Previously, he has worked as Tokyo correspondent for IHS Jane's Defence Weekly from January 2009 to early September 2014, specializing in Japan's defense and politics as well as East Asian affairs such as on Sino-Japanese relations and Korean Peninsula issues. He also has worked for the Asahi Shimbun, Bloomberg News, Dow Jones Japan and The Wall Street Journal Japan as staff writer/editor, and Nikkei CNBC Japan as regular TV commentator. He used the pen name Kosuke Goto (\u5f8c\u85e4 \u6d69\u7950, Goto Kosuke) at Bloomberg.His work has appeared in the International Herald Tribune, The Guardian, The Straits Times, Institutional Investor magazine, Asia Times Online, The Diplomat, NK News and Japan\u2019s Tokyo Keizai magazine, among other publications.His comments on international affairs have appeared in worldwide articles such as those of the Christian Science Monitor, the Australian, Italy\u2019s daily newspaper Il Foglio, the Taipei Times, the Ukrainian Week, China's Xinhua News Agency and South Korea's JoongAng Ilbo.The news media Takahashi has worked for:\n\nSenior Online News Editor of Thomson Reuters, April 1, 2016\u2013 January 2017\nEditor-in-chief of The Huffington Post Japan, September 8, 2014\u2013 March 14, 2016\nTokyo Correspondent for IHS Jane's Defence Weekly, January 2009\u2013 September 7, 2014\nEditor at Wall Street Journal Japan, Oct 2012 - Dec 2013\nSenior Writer at Asia Times Online, May 2004\u2013 Sept 2012\nTV Commentator at Nikkei CNBC Japan, March 2009\u2013 March 2012 (under his pen name Kosuke Goto)\nFreelancer for Institutional Investor Magazine, January 2009\u2013December 2010\nStaff Writer at Bloomberg News, July 2005 - Sept 2008 (under his pen name Kosuke Goto)\nStaff Writer at RIM Intelligence Co, Feb 2004 - May 2005\nIntern at the Tokyo bureau of The New York Times, May- July, 2002\nCopy Editor at Dow Jones Japan, 2000\u20132001\nStaff Writer at The Asahi Shimbun, 1993\u20131999Takahashi graduated from Keio University with a B.A. in economics in 1993. After working for The Asahi Shimbun and Dow Jones, he studied at Columbia University's Journalism School and School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), and graduated with Master of Science in Journalism in 2003 and Master of International Affairs in 2004.\nPrior to joining the Asahi as a reporter in 1993, he worked for Baltimore Economic Development Corporation as an exchange trainee to a sister city program of Kawasaki City, and researched trade issues between the United States and Japan. He was awarded an Honorary citizenship of Baltimore for his work in 1988.", "Q85587": "Gertrud Fussenegger (8 May 1912 \u2013 19 March 2009) was an Austrian writer and a prolific author, especially of historical novels. Many commentators felt that her reputation never entirely escaped from the shadow cast by her enthusiasm, as a young woman, for National Socialism.", "Q334118": "Nicol\u00e1s Crist\u00f3bal Guill\u00e9n Batista (10 July 1902 \u2013 16 July 1989) was a Cuban poet, journalist, political activist, and writer. He is best remembered as the national poet of Cuba.Born in Camag\u00fcey, he studied law at the University of Havana, but abandoned a legal career and worked as both a typographer and journalist. His poetry was published in various magazines from the early 1920s; his first collection, Motivos de son (1930) was strongly influenced by his meeting that year with the African-American poet, Langston Hughes. He drew from son music in his poetry. West Indies, Ltd., published in 1934, was Guill\u00e9n's first collection with political implications. Cuba's dictatorial Gerardo Machado regime was overthrown in 1933, but political repression intensified. After being jailed in 1936, Guill\u00e9n joined the Communist Party the next year, traveling to Spain for a Congress of Writers and Artists, and covering the Spanish Civil War as a magazine reporter.After returning to Cuba, he stood as a Communist in the local elections of 1940. This caused him to be refused a visa to enter the United States the following year, but he traveled widely during the next decades in South America, China and Europe. In 1953, after being in Chile, he was refused re-entry to Cuba and spent five years in exile. He returned after the successful Cuban revolution of 1959. From 1961 he served more than 25 years as president of the Uni\u00f3n Nacional de Escritores de Cuba, the National Cuban Writers' Union. His awards included the Stalin Peace Prize in 1954, the 1976 International Botev Prize, and in 1983 he was the inaugural winner of Cuba's National Prize for Literature.", "Q71360": "Erhard Eppler (9 December 1926 \u2013 19 October 2019) was a German Social Democratic politician and founder of the Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ). He studied English, German and history in Frankfurt, Bern and T\u00fcbingen, achieved a PhD and worked as a teacher. He met Gustav Heinemann in the late 1940s, who became a role model. Eppler was a member of the Bundestag from 1961 to 1976. He was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation first in 1968 during the grand coalition of Kurt Georg Kiesinger (CDU) and Willy Brandt (SPD), continuing under Chancellor Brandt in 1969 and Chancellor Helmut Schmidt (SPD) in 1974, when he stepped down.\nAn early thinker on environmental sustainability and peace movements, Eppler was involved in various controversies within his party. He was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag (German Protestant Church Assembly) from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991.", "Q67502": "Johannes Scherr (3 October 1817 \u2013 21 November 1886), was a German-born novelist and literary critic most of whose working life was spent in Switzerland.", "Q39318": "Naftali Bennett (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05b7\u05e4\u05b0\u05ea\u05b8\u05bc\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9 \u05d1\u05b6\u05bc\u05e0\u05b6\u05d8; born 25 March 1972) is an Israeli politician who led the Jewish Home party between 2012 and 2018 and currently serves as an MK for New Right and as the head of the Ministry of Defense. He served as Israel's Minister of Education from 2015 to 2019, and as the Minister of Diaspora Affairs from 2013 to 2019. Between 2013 and 2015, he held the posts of Minister of Economy and Minister of Religious Services.\nBorn and raised in Haifa, the son of immigrants from the United States, Bennett served in the Sayeret Matkal and Maglan special forces units of the Israel Defense Forces, taking part in many combat operations, and subsequently became a software entrepreneur. In 1999, he co-founded, and co-owned, the US company Cyota, operating in the anti-fraud space, focused on online banking fraud, e-commerce fraud, and phishing. The company was sold in 2005 for $145 million. He has also served as CEO of Soluto, an Israeli cloud computing service, sold in 2013 for a reported $100\u2013130 million. He entered politics in 2006, serving as Chief of Staff for Benjamin Netanyahu until 2008. In 2011, together with Ayelet Shaked, he co-founded the My Israel extra-parliamentary movement. In the 2013 Knesset elections, the first contested by The Jewish Home under Bennett's leadership, the party won 12 seats out of 120.\n\n", "Q189435": "Vladimir Voronin (Romanian pronunciation: [vladi\u02c8mir vo\u02c8ronin]; born May 25, 1941) is a Moldovan politician. He was the third President of Moldova from 2001 until 2009 and has been the First Secretary of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) since 1994. He was Europe's first democratically elected communist party head of state after the dissolution of the Eastern Bloc.", "Q84699": "Frank Stronach, (born 6 September 1932) is an Austrian and Canadian businessman and politician.\nHe is the founder of Magna International, an international automotive parts company based in Aurora, Ontario, Canada, Granite Real Estate, and Stronach Group, which specializes in horse-racing. With an estimated net worth of $CAD 3.12 billion (as of November 2013), Stronach was ranked by Canadian Business as the 19th wealthiest Canadian.In 2011, he entered Austrian politics: founding the Stronach Institute to campaign for classical liberalism and against the euro. In 2012, he founded the political party Team Stronach for Austria.\n\n", "Q434431": "Majda \u0160irca Ravnikar (born 20 April 1953) is a Slovenian art historian, journalist and politician. She is currently serving as Minister of Culture in the left-wing government of Borut Pahor.She was born in Postojna, then part of the People's Republic of Slovenia of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. She spent her youth in the Karst region in western Slovenia. She attended elementary school in \u0160tanjel and Dutovlje, and high school in Postojna. She has a degree in art history from the Faculty of Arts of the University of Ljubljana. She worked as a journalist at Slovenian State Television in cultural programming, especially dealing with art film. During this time, she produced more than 60 short documentary films.In 1997, she was appointed State Secretary at the Ministry of Culture under Jo\u017eef \u0160kol\u010d. In the 2000 parliamentary elections, she was elected to the Slovenian National Assembly on the list of the Liberal Democracy of Slovenia. She was re-elected in 2004. During the centre-right government of Janez Jan\u0161a between 2004 and 2008, she emerged as the main opposition speaker in culture and media policy, strongly criticizing conservative Minister of Culture Vasko Simoniti. The two developed a personal animosity, which was well known to the public.In 2007, she left the Liberal Democracy of Slovenia party and became one of the founding member of the social liberal party Zares. After the victory of the leftist parties in the parliamentary election of 2008, she was appointed Minister of Culture in the government of Borut Pahor.\nMajda \u0160irca was married to the late Slovenian architect Vojteh Ravnikar.", "Q1937978": "William Mills Wrigley Jr. (September 30, 1861 \u2013 January 26, 1932) was an American chewing gum industrialist. He was founder and eponym of the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company in 1891.", "Q231712": "Twenty Girls and the Teachers (German: Zwanzig M\u00e4dchen und die Pauker: Heute steht die Penne kopf) is a 1971 West German comedy film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Mascha Gonska, Heidi Kabel, Rudolf Sch\u00fcndler and Fritz Tillmann.", "Q615453": "Charles Wilson (April 1808 \u2013 May 4, 1877) was a Canadian businessman and politician.", "Q181069": "Star Wars: Episode II \u2013 Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space-opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales. It is the second installment of the Star Wars prequel trilogy, the fifth film to be produced, and the second film in the \"Skywalker saga\". It stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Frank Oz. Set ten years after the events in The Phantom Menace, the galaxy is on the brink of civil war, with thousands of planetary systems threatening to secede from the Galactic Republic. After Senator Padm\u00e9 Amidala evades an assassination attempt, Jedi apprentice Anakin Skywalker becomes her protector, while his mentor Obi-Wan Kenobi investigates the attempt on her life. Soon, the trio witness the onset of a new threat to the galaxy, the Clone Wars.\nDevelopment of Attack of the Clones began in March 2000, some months after the release of The Phantom Menace. By June 2000, Lucas and Hales completed a draft of the script, and principal photography took place from June to September 2000. The film crew primarily shot at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney, Australia, with additional footage filmed in Tunisia, Spain, and Italy. It was one of the first motion pictures shot completely on a high-definition digital 24-frame system.\nThe film was released in the United States on May 16, 2002. It received mixed reviews, with some critics hailing it as an improvement over its predecessor The Phantom Menace and others considering it the worst installment of the franchise. The film was praised for an increased emphasis on action, visual effects, musical score, and costume design but criticized for the romance of Anakin and Padm\u00e9, dialogue, and underdeveloped characters. It performed well in the box office, making over $653 million worldwide; however, it also became the first Star Wars film to be outgrossed in its year of release, placing second domestically and fourth-highest-grossing worldwide. The third and final film of the prequel trilogy, Revenge of the Sith, was released in 2005.", "Q945641": "Lorenz Peter Elfred Freuchen (February 20, 1886 \u2013 September 2, 1957) was a Danish explorer, author, journalist and anthropologist. He is notable for his role in Arctic exploration, namely the Thule Expeditions.\n\n", "Q2906993": "Bloodline Records is an American Hip hop record label founded by Earl \"DMX\" Simmons, also known as DMX.", "Q78344": "Karl Hugo Freiherr von Weizs\u00e4cker (25 February 1853 \u2013 2 February 1926) was a German politician who served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg, and a member of the prominent Weizs\u00e4cker family.\nHe was born Karl Hugo Weizs\u00e4cker in Stuttgart, the son of the theologian Karl Heinrich Weizs\u00e4cker and his wife, the former Auguste Sophie Christiane Dahm. While serving as a politician at the court of the Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg, his family was raised to nobility as von Weizs\u00e4cker.\nWeizs\u00e4cker studied at the University of T\u00fcbingen. While serving in the administration of King William II of W\u00fcrttemberg, he was raised to personal nobility on 24 February 1897.\nFrom 1900 onwards, he served as Minister of Culture \u2014 until 4 December 1906 when he was made Prime Minister. He served in this office until 6 November 1918, shortly before the monarchy was abolished.\nIn 1916, he and his family were raised to the hereditary noble title of Baron (Freiherr).\nWeizs\u00e4cker was the father of Ernst von Weizs\u00e4cker and thus grandfather of the physicist Carl Friedrich von Weizs\u00e4cker and of Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker, who was President of Germany 1984-94. He died in Stuttgart in 1926.", "Q1796239": "The Kingdom of Seville (Spanish: Reino de Sevilla) was a territorial jurisdiction of the Crown of Castile since 1248 until Javier de Burgos' provincial division of Spain in 1833. This was a \"kingdom\" (\"reino\") in the second sense given by the Diccionario de la lengua espa\u00f1ola de la Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola: the Crown of Castile consisted of several such kingdoms. Seville was one of the Four Kingdoms of Andalusia. Its extent is detailed in Respuestas Generales del Catastro de Ensenada (1750-54), which was part of the documentation of a census. Falling largely within the present day autonomous community of Andalucia, it included roughly the territory of the present-day provinces of Huelva, Seville, and C\u00e1diz, the Antequera Depression in the present-day province of M\u00e1laga, and also some municipalities in the present-day autonomous communities of Extremadura in the province of Badajoz.\nLike the other kingdoms within Spain, the Kingdom of Seville was abolished by the 1833 territorial division of Spain.", "Q740308": "The United Nations Children's Fund is a United Nations agency responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide. Based in U.N. headquarters in New York City, it is among the most widespread and recognizable social welfare organizations in the world, with a presence in 192 countries and territories. UNICEF's activities include immunizations and disease prevention, administering treatment for children and mothers with HIV, enhancing childhood and maternal nutrition, improving sanitation, promoting education, and providing emergency relief in response to disasters.UNICEF is the successor of the International Children\u2019s Emergency Fund (ICEF), created in 1946 by the U.N. Relief Rehabilitation Administration to provide immediate relief to children and mothers affected by World War II. The same year, the U.N. General Assembly established the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) to further institutionalize post-war relief work. In 1950, UNICEF's mandate was extended to address the long-term needs of children and women, particularly in developing countries. In 1953, the organization became a permanent part of the United Nations System, and its name was subsequently changed to its current form, though it retains the original acronym.UNICEF relies entirely on contributions from governments and private donors. Its total income as of 2018 was $5.2 billion, of which two-thirds came from governments; private groups and individuals contributed the rest through national committees. It is governed by a 36-member executive board that establishes policies, approves programs, and oversees administrative and financial plans. The board is made up of government representatives elected by the United Nations Economic and Social Council, usually for three-year terms. \nUNICEF's programs emphasize developing community-level services to promote the health and well-being of children. Most of its work is in the field, with a network that includes 150 country offices, headquarters and other facilities and 34 \"national committees\" that carry out its mission through programs developed with host governments. Seven regional offices provide technical assistance to country offices as needed, while its Supply Division\u2014based in Copenhagen and New York\u2014helps provide over $3 billion in critical aid and services.In 2018, UNICEF assisted in the birth of 27 million babies, administered Pentavalent vaccines to an estimated 65.5 million children, provided education for 12 million children, treated four million children with severe acute malnutrition, and responded to 285 humanitarian emergencies in 90 countries. UNICEF had received recognition for its work, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965, the Indira Gandhi Prize in 1989 and the Princess of Asturias Award in 2006.\n\n", "Q49199": "Somerville ( SUM-\u0259r-vil) is a city located directly to the northwest of Boston, and north of Cambridge, in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As of 2010, the United States Census listed the city with a total population of 75,754 people. With an area of 4.11 square miles, the city has a density of 18,431.6 people per square mile, making it the most densely populated municipality in New England, and the 16th most densely populated incorporated municipality in the country. Somerville was established as a town in 1842, when it was separated from Charlestown. In 2006, the city was named the best-run city in Massachusetts by the Boston Globe. In 1972, in 2009, and again in 2015, the city received the All-America City Award. It is home to Tufts University, which has its campus along the Somerville and Medford border.", "Q190602": "Annette Carol Bening (born May 29, 1958) is an American actress. She began her career on stage with the Colorado Shakespeare Festival company in 1980, and played Lady Macbeth in 1984 at the American Conservatory Theater. She was nominated for the 1987 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her Broadway debut in Coastal Disturbances and for the 2019 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for All My Sons. She is a four-time Academy Award nominee for the films: The Grifters (1990), American Beauty (1999), Being Julia (2004), and The Kids Are All Right (2010). In 2006, she received a film star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.\nBening won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role for American Beauty, two Golden Globe Awards for Being Julia and The Kids Are All Right, and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for Mrs. Harris. In 2019, she played the roles of Supreme Intelligence and Mar-Vell / Wendy Lawson in the Marvel Cinematic Universe's Captain Marvel, which became her highest grossing release.", "Q83848": "Carl Johan Rheborg (born 5 June 1963 in T\u00e4by, Sweden) is a Swedish comedian, actor and script writer. He is a member of the Swedish comedy group Killingg\u00e4nget.\nRheborg is probably most known for his role as the space hero Kenny Starfighter, the irresponsible Percy Nileg\u00e5rd, and also as the talking stain in Tide's Super Bowl commercial. In 2015 he played Ove in the stage version of the book En man som heter Ove.\n\n", "Q577508": "Karl Hess (born Carl Hess III; May 25, 1923 \u2013 April 22, 1994) was an American speechwriter and author. He was also a political philosopher, editor, welder, motorcycle racer, tax resister, and libertarian activist. His career included stints on the Republican right and the New Left before embracing free-market anarchism. Later in life, he summed up his role in the economy by remarking \"I am by occupation a free marketer (crafts and ideas, woodworking, welding, and writing).\"", "Q623687": "Falkirk (; Scots: The Fawkirk; Scottish Gaelic: An Eaglais Bhreac) is a large town in the Central Lowlands of Scotland, historically within the county of Stirlingshire. It lies in the Forth Valley, 23.3 miles (37.5 km) north-west of Edinburgh and 20.5 miles (33.0 km) north-east of Glasgow.\nFalkirk had a resident population of 32,422 at the 2001 UK Census. The population of the town had risen to 34,570 according to a 2008 estimate, making it the 20th most populous settlement in Scotland. Falkirk is the main town and administrative centre of the Falkirk council area, which has an overall population of 156,800 and inholds the nearby towns of Grangemouth, Bo'ness, Denny, Larbert and Stenhousemuir, and the cluster of Braes villages.\nThe town is at the junction of the Forth and Clyde and Union Canals, a location which proved key to its growth as a centre of heavy industry during the Industrial Revolution. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Falkirk was at the centre of the iron and steel industry, underpinned by the Carron Company in nearby Carron. The company was responsible for making carronades for the Royal Navy and later manufactured pillar boxes. Within the last fifty years, heavy industry has waned, and the economy relies increasingly on retail and tourism. Despite this, Falkirk remains the home of many international companies like Alexander Dennis; the largest bus production company in the United Kingdom.\nFalkirk has a long association with the publishing industry. The company now known as Johnston Press was established in the town in 1846. The company, now based in Edinburgh, produces the Falkirk Herald, the largest selling weekly newspaper in Scotland.\nAttractions in and around Falkirk include the Falkirk Wheel, The Helix, The Kelpies, Callendar House and Park and remnants of the Antonine Wall. In a 2011 poll conducted by STV, it was voted as Scotland's most beautiful town, ahead of Perth and Stirling in second and third place respectively.", "Q717250": "Silviu Brucan (born Saul Bruckner; 18 January 1916 \u2013 14 September 2006) was a Romanian Communist politician. \nHe became a critic of the dictatorship of Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu.\nAfter the Romanian Revolution, Brucan engaged as a political analyst.", "Q1065698": "Charles M. Brown, better known as Charles Owens (born May 4, 1939, Phoenix, Arizona) is an American jazz saxophonist. Owens should not be confused with Charles Owens (Saxophonist, 1972), an American jazz saxophonist born in 1972 who has recorded for Fresh Sound Records.\nOwens began playing music while attending the University of San Diego; following a stint in the United States Armed Forces, he studied at Berklee College of Music. He worked in the bands of Buddy Rich and Mongo Santamaria as an alto saxophonist in the late 1960s, and in the 1970s played mostly tenor and soprano saxophone. He played in that decade with Bobby Bryant, Paul Humphrey, Diana Ross, John Mayall, Frank Zappa, Henry Franklin, Patrice Rushen, Gerald Wilson, Lorez Alexandria, and James Newton among others. He worked with Newton again in the mid-1980s, and also played in the 1980s with John Carter, Horace Tapscott, and Mercer Ellington. Later he worked with Carmen Bradford, Jeannie Cheatham and Jimmy Cheatham, and Buddy Childers.", "Q112173": "Max Dvo\u0159\u00e1k (4 June 1874 \u2013 8 February 1921) was a Czech-born Austrian art historian. He was a professor of art history at the University of Vienna and a famous member of the Vienna School of Art History, employing a Geistesgeschichte methodology.", "Q315868": "Mirza Karim oglu Mikayilov (Azerbaijani: Mirz\u0259 K\u0259rim o\u011flu Mikay\u0131lov), known as Mirza Khazar (Azerbaijani: Mirz\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r, 29 October 1947 \u2013 31 January 2020), was an eminent Azerbaijani author, political analyst, anchorman, radio journalist, publisher, and translator. Mirza Khazar was a Mountain Jew. He also was known as Mirza Michaeli. Mirza Khazar died on January 31, 2020 in Germany.", "Q237405": "Aya Hirano (\u5e73\u91ce \u7dbe, Hirano Aya, born October 8, 1987) is a Japanese actress, voice actress, and singer. Beginning in the entertainment industry as a child actor performing in television commercials, she played her first voice acting role in 2001 in the anime television series Angel Tales. She released her first single \"Breakthrough\" in 2006, and she released her first album Riot Girl in 2008. She was formerly contracted to Space Craft Produce, a branch of the Space Craft Group, before moving to the talent agency Grick in August 2011. Her label was Lantis until 2011, when she moved to Universal Sigma.\nHirano is known for her roles as Haruhi Suzumiya in the Haruhi Suzumiya franchise, Misa Amane in Death Note, Konata Izumi in Lucky Star, and Lucy Heartfilia in Fairy Tail. She won the Voice Acting Award at the 2007 Tokyo Anime Awards for her breakthrough role as Haruhi Suzumiya, the Best Newcomer Award at the 1st Seiyu Awards in 2007, and won the Best Lead Actress award at the 2nd Seiyu Awards in 2008. Hirano also pioneered the \"idol voice actor\" crossover that became popular beginning in the late 2000s.In 2011, she temporarily ceased accepting new roles to recover from a pituitary gland tumor that had been affecting her health. She resumed voice acting activities later that year. In 2016, after appearing at a stage play in Tokyo, she went to New York to study abroad for four months.", "Q751205": "Giuseppe Bottai (3 September 1895 \u2013 9 January 1959) was an Italian journalist, and member of the National Fascist Party of Benito Mussolini.\n\n", "Q36995": "Miss Platnum (born Ruth Maria Renner on 27 September 1980), formerly known as Platnum, is a Romanian-German singer, songwriter and musician, currently signed to Virgin Records Germany.\n\n", "Q81087": "University College (in full The College of the Great Hall of the University of Oxford, colloquially referred to as \"Univ\") is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It has a claim to being the oldest college of the university, having been founded in 1249 by William of Durham.\nAs of 2018, the college had an estimated financial endowment of \u00a3132.7m.The college is associated with a number of influential people. Notable alumni include Clement Attlee, Harold Wilson, Bill Clinton, Neil Gorsuch, Stephen Hawking, C. S. Lewis, V. S. Naipaul and Percy Bysshe Shelley.", "Q347848": "John Rafael Edholm (born 8 May 1966) is a Swedish actor, film director, screenwriter and model. He was married to G\u00f6rel Crona 1997\u20132006 (with one son, Gabriel) and after that married Daga Lamy until the spring of 2011.\n\n", "Q33635": "Hema Malini (born 16 October 1948) is an Indian actress, writer, director, producer, dancer and politician. In 1962, she made her acting debut in the Tamil film Ithu Sathiyam. Malini first acted in a main role in Sapno Ka Saudagar (1968), and went on to feature in numerous Bollywood films, primarily as the lead actress. In most of her films, she starred opposite her husband Dharmendra and with Rajesh Khanna and Dev Anand. Malini was initially promoted as the \"Dream Girl\", and in 1977 starred in a film of the same name. She has played both comic and dramatic roles, as well as being a dancer. She was one of the highest paid Indian actresses from 1976 to 1980.During her career, she received eleven nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress, winning the award in 1973. In 2000, Malini won the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award and also the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian honour awarded by the Government of India. In 2012, the Sir Padampat Singhania University conferred an Honorary Doctorate on Malini in recognition of her contribution to Indian cinema. Malini served as chairperson of the National Film Development Corporation. In 2006, Malini received the Sopori Academy of Music And Performing Arts (SaMaPa) Vitasta award from Bhajan Sopori in Delhi for her contribution and service to Indian culture and dance. In 2013, she received the NTR National Award from the Government of Andhra Pradesh for her contribution to Indian cinema.From 2003 to 2009, Malini was elected to the Rajya Sabha, the upper House of parliament, as a representative of the Bharatiya Janata Party. In 2014, Malini was elected to the Lok Sabha. Malini has been involved with charitable and social ventures. Currently, Malini is also a life member of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). She was the top successful actress of her time. She has been praised by critics for her dancing and acting.", "Q254820": "Candace Bushnell (born December 1, 1958) is an American author, journalist, and television producer. She wrote a column for The New York Observer (1994\u201396) that was adapted into the bestselling Sex and the City anthology. The book was the basis for the HBO hit series Sex and the City (1998\u20132004) and two subsequent movies.\nBushnell followed this with the international bestselling novels 4 Blondes (2001), Trading Up (2003), Lipstick Jungle (2005), One Fifth Avenue (2008), The Carrie Diaries (2010) and Summer and the City (2011). Two of her novels have been adapted for television: Lipstick Jungle (2008\u201309) on NBC, and The Carrie Diaries (2013-2014) on The CW. One Fifth Avenue has been optioned by the Mark Gordon Company and ABC for another television show.", "Q337377": "The Los Angeles Rams are a professional American football team based in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The Rams compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the National Football Conference (NFC) West division. The club has won three NFL championships, and is the only one to win championships representing three cities (Cleveland in 1945, Los Angeles in 1951, and St. Louis in 1999). Starting in 2020, the Rams will play their home games at SoFi Stadium in Inglewood, which they will share with the Los Angeles Chargers.\nThe franchise began in 1936 as the Cleveland Rams, based in Cleveland, Ohio. The club was owned by Homer Marshman and featured players such as William \"Bud\" Cooper, Harry \"The Horse\" Mattos, Stan Pincura, and Mike Sebastian. Damon \"Buzz\" Wetzel joined as general manager.The franchise relocated to Los Angeles in 1946 following the 1945 NFL Championship Game victory, making way for Paul Brown's Cleveland Browns of the All-America Football Conference and becoming the only NFL championship team to play the following season in another city. The club played their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before moving into a reconstructed Anaheim Stadium in Orange County, California in 1980.\nThe Rams left southern California and moved to St. Louis, Missouri, following the 1994 NFL season. Five seasons after relocating, the team won Super Bowl XXXIV in a 23\u201316 victory over the Tennessee Titans. The club then played in Super Bowl XXXVI, where they lost 20\u201317 to the New England Patriots. The Rams played in St. Louis until the end of the 2015 NFL season, when they filed notice with the NFL of their intent to relocate back to Los Angeles. The club's request to move was approved at an owners' meeting in January 2016, and the Rams returned to the city for the 2016 NFL season.\nThe Rams appeared in Super Bowl LIII, where they lost to the New England Patriots 13\u20133 in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXVI.", "Q12823": "Susan Polgar (born April 19, 1969, as Polg\u00e1r Zsuzsanna and often known as Zsuzsa Polg\u00e1r) is a Hungarian and American chess player. Polg\u00e1r was Women's World Champion from 1996 to 1999.\nOn the FIDE rating list of July 1984, at the age of 15, she became the top-ranked female player in the world. In 1991 she became the third woman to be awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE. She won twelve medals at the Women's Chess Olympiad (5 gold, 4 silver and 3 bronze).\nAlso a trainer, writer and promoter, Polgar sponsors various chess tournaments for young players and is the head of the Susan Polgar Institute for Chess Excellence (SPICE) at Webster University. She served as the Chairperson (or co-chair) of the FIDE Commission for Women's Chess from 2008 until late 2018.", "Q441910": "Arthur Jensen (9 November 1897 \u2013 28 November 1981) was a Danish actor whose career lasted for almost 60 years. He made his d\u00e9but on stage at the Royal Danish Theatre in 1923, and he had his big screen d\u00e9but in the silent film Pas p\u00e5 pigerne in 1930.\nToday he is arguably best known for his roles as superintendent Meyer in the TV-series Huset p\u00e5 Christianshavn and as Hr. Schwann in the TV-series Matador in the 1970s.", "Q80399": "Edita Piekha (Russian: \u042d\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u044c\u0435\u0301\u0445\u0430, Edita Stanislavovna Pyekha, Polish: Edyta Piecha, French: \u00c9dith-Marie Pierha) is a Russian singer and actress of Polish descent. She was the third popular female singer, after Klavdiya Shulzhenko and Sofia Rotaru, to be named a People's Artist of the USSR (1988).\nEdita Piekha is a well known public activist for humanitarian causes, and is a supporter of orphanages in Russia.", "Q25057": "Brazil is a 1985 dystopian science fiction film directed by Terry Gilliam and written by Gilliam, Charles McKeown, and Tom Stoppard. The film stars Jonathan Pryce and features Robert De Niro, Kim Greist, Michael Palin, Katherine Helmond, Bob Hoskins and Ian Holm.\nThe film centres on Sam Lowry, a man trying to find a woman who appears in his dreams while he is working in a mind-numbing job and living in a small apartment, set in a dystopian world in which there is an over-reliance on poorly maintained (and rather whimsical) machines. Brazil's satire of bureaucratic, totalitarian government is reminiscent of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four and has been called Kafkaesque and absurdist.Sarah Street's British National Cinema (1997) describes the film as a \"fantasy/satire on bureaucratic society\"; and John Scalzi's Rough Guide to Sci-Fi Movies (2005) describes it as a \"dystopian satire\".\nJack Mathews, a film critic and the author of The Battle of Brazil (1987), described the film as \"satirizing the bureaucratic, largely dysfunctional industrial world that had been driving Gilliam crazy all his life\". The film is named after the recurrent theme song, Ary Barroso's \"Aquarela do Brasil\", known simply as \"Brazil\" to British audiences, as performed by Geoff Muldaur.Though a success in Europe, the film was unsuccessful in its initial North America release. It has since become a cult film. In 1999, the British Film Institute voted Brazil the 54th greatest British film of all time. In 2017 a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for Time Out magazine saw it ranked the 24th best British film ever.\n\n", "Q430131": "Hercules and the Treasure of the Incas (Italian: Sansone e il tesoro degli Incas) is a 1964 film written and directed by Piero Pierotti and starring Alan Steel. Originally conceived as a peplum film, given the contemporary success of A Fistful of Dollars, it was turned into a western film during the shootings, resulting in a bizarre crossover between the two genres.", "Q985465": "Rakovn\u00edk (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8rakov\u0272i\u02d0k], German: Rakonitz) is a town in the western part of the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic located between the cities of Prague and Plze\u0148. It is located in varying landscape and the huge forest of K\u0159ivokl\u00e1t. The location of the town influenced and still influences the way of life of the inhabitants. It has a population of approximately 16,000.", "Q140147": "Brest (Belarusian: \u0411\u0440\u044d\u0441\u0442, romanized: Brest, pronounced [br\u025bs\u032at\u032a]; Russian: \u0411\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442, romanized: Brest, pronounced [br\u02b2es\u032at\u032a]; Polish: Brze\u015b\u0107; Lithuanian: Brasta; Ukrainian: \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044f, romanized: Berestya; Yiddish: \u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05e1\u05e7\u200e, romanized: Brisk), formerly Brest-Litovsk (Belarusian: \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0435, \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0435 \u041b\u0456\u0442\u043e\u045e\u0441\u043a\u0456 (\u0411\u0440\u044d\u0441\u0442-\u041bi\u0442\u043e\u045e\u0441\u043a); Lithuanian: Lietuvos Brasta; Polish: Brze\u015b\u0107 Litewski), Brest-on-the-Bug (Polish: Brze\u015b\u0107 nad Bugiem), is a city (population 350,616 in 2019) in Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the Polish city of Terespol, where the Bug and Mukhavets rivers meet. It is the capital city of the Brest Region.\nThe city of Brest is a historic site of many cultures. It was the location of important historical events such as the Union of Brest and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The Brest Fortress was recognized by the Soviet Union as the Hero Fortress in honor of the defense of Brest Fortress in June 1941.\nDuring medieval times, the city was part of the Kingdom of Poland from 1020 until 1319 when it was taken by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It became part of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569. As a result of the Partitions of Poland, it was incorporated into the Russian Empire in 1795. After World War I, the city was conquered by the Second Polish Republic. During the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939, the city was first captured by the Wehrmacht and soon passed on to the USSR in accordance with the German\u2013Soviet Frontier Treaty. In 1941, it was retaken by the Germans during Operation Barbarossa. The city was part of the Belarusian SSR until the breakup of the USSR in 1991. Brest is now a part of the independent Belarus.\n\n", "Q106112": "Martin Behm (1557\u20131622) was a German hymnwriter.\nBorn in Lauban (now Luba\u0144 in Poland), Behm was deacon and later chief pastor of the town's Holy Trinity Church. He wrote approximately 480 hymns, including \"Herr Jesu Christ, meins Lebens Licht\" (used by J.S. Bach in his cantata Ach Gott, wie manches Herzeleid, BWV 58) and \"O Jesu Christ, mein's Lebens Licht\" (used by Bach for his motet of the same name). This hymn was translated as \"Lord Jesus Christ, My Life, My Light,\" and both are sung to the same tune, \"O Jesu Christ, mein's.\" Carl Schalk wrote that Behm was among the poets at the end of the early Lutheran hymnody period who \"produced in a truly popular vein an appreciable number of excellent hymns characterized by objectivity and childlike naivete\".", "Q109221": "Manfred Abelein (20 October 1930, Stuttgart, W\u00fcrttemberg - 17 January 2008) was a German politician. He was a representative of the German Christian Democratic Union.", "Q2613011": "Peter \u0160umi (June 29, 1895 \u2013 May 21, 1981) was a Yugoslav gymnast and the founder of the Sava Kranj factory.\n\u0160umi was born in Kranj. He took part in three World Championships in gymnastics for Yugoslavia. At the 1922 World Championships in Ljubljana, he was part of the Yugoslav team that took silver in the team event, behind Czechoslovakia. He also took gold in the individual combined event, as well as gold in the rings, horizontal bar, and parallel bars, and silver in the pommel horse. \nAt the next World Championships, in Lyon, France in 1926, he again took silver in the team event, again behind Czechoslovakia. Sumi won the individual combined event for the second time, but won no apparatus medals on this occasion. \nHis last World Championship medal came in 1930, at the World Championships in Luxembourg, where he took silver in the pommel horse. He died in Vienna.\nSumi was the only gymnast to have taken individual overall medals in consecutive World Championships until the Chinese gymnast Yang Wei achieved it in 2006 and 2007.", "Q318380": "Francis, Duke of Anjou and Alen\u00e7on (Hercule Fran\u00e7ois; 18 March 1555 \u2013 10 June 1584) was the youngest son of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici.", "Q73205": "Theodor Fritsch (born Emil Theodor Fritsche; 28 October 1852 \u2013 8 September 1933), was a German publisher and journalist. His antisemitic writings did much to influence popular German opinion against Jews in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His writings also appeared under the pen names Thomas Frey, Fritz Thor, and Ferdinand Roderich-Stoltheim.\nHe is not to be confused with his son, also Theodor Fritsch (1895\u20131946), likewise a bookseller and member of the SA.", "Q15180": "The Soviet Union, officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR or \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 in Russian), was a federal socialist state in Northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991, and was the largest country in the world. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, in practice its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR). Other major urban centers were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It spanned over 10,000 kilometers (6,200 mi) east to west across 11 time zones, and over 7,200 kilometers (4,500 mi) north to south. Its territory included much of Eastern Europe, as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia. It had five climate zones: tundra, taiga, steppes, desert and mountains.\nThe Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution, when the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I. In 1922, after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks' victory, the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics. Following Lenin's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle, Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s. Stalin formalized the Communist Party's ideology of Marxism\u2013Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization. During this period, rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living, particularly in urban areas. Despite these improvements, significant tragedies also occurred. In addition to drought, which was a primary factor in a long history of regularly occurring famines in the region, agricultural collectivization contributed to a major famine in 1932\u201333, causing millions of deaths. Political paranoia fermented, especially after the rise of the Nazis in Germany in 1933, culminating in the Great Purge, during which hundreds of thousands of persons accused of spying or sabotage were arrested and executed without trial.On 23 August 1939, after unsuccessful efforts to form an anti-fascist alliance with Western powers, the Soviets signed the non-aggression agreement with Nazi Germany. After the start of World War II, the formally neutral Soviets invaded and annexed territories of several Eastern European states, including eastern Poland and the Baltic states. In June 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union, opening the bloody Eastern Front. Soviet casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the war in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over the Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad and Kursk. In most of the territories occupied by the Red Army after its westward advance, local communists assumed power and formed governments allied with the Soviets. The post-war division of Europe into capitalist and communist halves led to increased tensions with the United States-led Western Bloc, known as the Cold War. Stalin died in 1953 and was eventually succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev, who in 1956 denounced Stalin and began a period of liberal reforms known as de-Stalinization. The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred during Khrushchev's rule, which was among the many factors that led to his removal in 1964. In the early 1970s, there was a brief d\u00e9tente of relations with the United States, but tensions resumed with the Soviet\u2013Afghan War in 1979. After 1985, the last Soviet premier, Mikhail Gorbachev, sought to reform and liberalize political life and the economy through new policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring). These policies caused political instability arising from nationalist and separatist movements. In 1989, Soviet-allied states in Eastern Europe were overthrown in a wave of revolutions which ended communist rule.\nAs part of an attempt to prevent the country's collapse, a referendum was held in March 1991, boycotted by three republics, that resulted in a majority favoring the preservation of the union as a renewed federation. Gorbachev's power was greatly diminished after Russian President Boris Yeltsin's high-profile role in facing down a coup d'\u00e9tat by party hardliners. In late 1991, Gorbachev resigned, and the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union met and formally dissolved the union. The remaining 12 constituent republics emerged as independent post-Soviet states. The Russian Federation\u2014formerly the Russian SFSR\u2014assumed the Soviet Union's rights and obligations and became recognized as the de facto successor state. At the same time, Ukraine by law declared that it is a state-successor of both the Ukrainian SSR and the Soviet Union. Today, Russia and Ukraine have ongoing disputes both over formerly-Soviet property and over the political status of Crimea, which was administered by Ukraine until 2014 when it was invaded and annexed by Russia.\nThe Soviet Union produced many significant technological achievements and innovations of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite, the first humans in space and the first probe to land on another planet, Venus. The country had the world's second-largest economy and the largest standing military in the world. The USSR was recognized as one of the five nuclear weapons states. It was a founding permanent member of the United Nations Security Council as well as a member of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) and the leading member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) and the Warsaw Pact.", "Q64779": "Habkern is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. The municipality includes the settlements of Bohlseiten, Bort, Schwendi and Mittelb\u00e4uert.", "Q4080960": "Aleksandr Mikhailovich Bezobrazov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 (1855-1931) was a Russian businessman and political adventurer who exerted a major influence on the foreign policies of the Russian Empire in the years prior to the Russo-Japanese War.", "Q743615": "The University of Tsukuba (\u7b51\u6ce2\u5927\u5b66, Tsukuba daigaku), located in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, is one of the oldest national universities (established by Japanese Government) and one of the best and most prestigious universities in Japan. This university constantly ranked in top 10 universities in Japan and is considered one of the best university for scientific research. The university has 28 college clusters and schools with around 16,500 students (as of 2014). The main Tsukuba campus covers an area of 258 hectares (636 acres), making it the second largest single campus in Japan. The branch campus is in Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, which offers graduate programs for working adults in the capital and manages K-12 schools in Tokyo that are attached to the university.", "Q253183": "Shenae Grimes-Beech (; born October 24, 1989), previously credited as Shenae Grimes, is a Canadian actress. She portrayed Annie Wilson on 90210, a spin-off of Beverly Hills, 90210. Prior to that, she had a recurring role on the television series Naturally, Sadie, and played Darcy Edwards on Degrassi: The Next Generation for four seasons.", "Q86924": "Peter Wilhelm Forchhammer (October 23, 1801 \u2013 January 8, 1894), was a German classical archaeologist born at Husum in Schleswig.\nHe was educated at the L\u00fcbeck gymnasium and the university of Kiel, with which he was connected for nearly 65 years. In 1830\u20131834 and 1838\u20131840 he travelled in Italy, Greece, Asia Minor and Egypt. In 1843 he was appointed professor of philology at Kiel and director of the archaeological museum founded by himself in co-operation with Otto Jahn.\nForchhammer was an active democrat, and from 1871 to 1873 represented the progressive party of Schleswig-Holstein in the German Reichstag. His published works deal chiefly with topography and ancient mythology. His travels had convinced him that a full and comprehensive knowledge of classical antiquity could only be acquired by a thorough acquaintance with Greek and Roman monuments and works of art, and a detailed examination of the topographical and climatic conditions of the chief localities of the ancient world. These principles are illustrated in his Hellenika Griechenland Im Neuen das Alte (1837), which contains his theory of the origin and explanation of the Greek myths, which he never abandoned, in spite of the attacks to which it was subjected. According to him, the myths arose from definite local (especially atmospheric and aquatic) phenomena, and represented the annually recurring processes of nature as the acts of gods and heroes; thus, in Achill (1853), the Trojan War is the winter conflict of the elements in that district.\nOther similar short treatises are:\n\nDie Gr\u00fcndung Roms (1868)\nDaduchos (1875), on the language of the myths and mythical buildings\nDie Wanderwangen der Inachostochter Io (1880)\nProlegomena zur Mythologie als Wissenschaft und Lexikon der Mythensprache (1891).Among his topographical works mention may be made of:\n\nTopographie von Athen (1841)\nBeschreibung der Ebene von Troja (1850), a commentary on a map of the locality executed by T. A. Spratt (see Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, xii., 1842)\nTopographia Thebarum Heptapylarum (1854); Erkl\u00e4rung der Ilias (1884), on the basis of the topographical and physical peculiarities of the plain of Troy.His Demokratenb\u00fcchlein (1849), in the main a discussion of the Aristotelian theory of the state, and Die Athener und Sokrates (1837), in which, contrary to the almost universal opinion, he upheld the procedure of the Athenians as perfectly legal and their verdict as a perfectly just one, also deserve notice.", "Q4805872": "Ashraf Choudhary (born 15 February 1949) is a Pakistani-New Zealand scientist in agricultural engineering and formerly a member of the Parliament in New Zealand. He is a member of the Labour Party, and was New Zealand's first MP from South Asia and Pakistan.\n\n", "Q182212": "Spider-Man 3 is a 2007 American superhero film based on the fictional Marvel Comics character Spider-Man. It was directed by Sam Raimi from a screenplay by Raimi, his older brother Ivan and Alvin Sargent. It is the third and final installment in Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy. The film stars Tobey Maguire as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, alongside Kirsten Dunst, James Franco, Thomas Haden Church, Topher Grace, Bryce Dallas Howard, James Cromwell, Rosemary Harris and J. K. Simmons. Set shortly after the events of Spider-Man 2, as Peter Parker prepares his future with Mary Jane Watson, he bonds with an extraterrestrial symbiote, bringing out his anger while facing three villains: Uncle Ben's true killer, Flint Marko, who becomes the Sandman after a freak accident; Harry Osborn, who seeks to avenge his father; and Eddie Brock, a rival photographer who becomes Venom after acquiring Peter's symbiote.\nDevelopment of Spider-Man 3 began immediately after the release of Spider-Man 2 for a 2007 release. During pre-production, Raimi originally wanted another villain to be included along with Sandman. At the request of producer Avi Arad, he added Venom and the producers also requested the addition of Gwen Stacy. Principal photography for the film began in January 2006, and took place in Los Angeles and Cleveland before moving to New York City from May until July 2006. Additional pick-up shots were made after August and the film wrapped in October 2006. During post-production, Sony Pictures Imageworks created over 900 visual effects shots. With an estimated production budget of $258 million, it was the most expensive film ever made at the time of its release.\nSpider-Man 3 premiered on April 16, 2007, in Tokyo, and was released in the United States in both conventional and IMAX theaters on May 4, 2007. The film grossed $890.9 million worldwide, making it the highest-grossing film of the trilogy, the third-highest-grossing film of 2007 and was the highest-grossing Spider-Man film until it was surpassed by Spider-Man: Far From Home in 2019. Unlike the previous installments, Spider-Man 3 received a mixed reception from critics, who praised the performances, visual effects and action sequences, but criticized the overloaded storylines and subplots and overabundance of villains. The majority of these issues were later attributed to studio interferences and creative differences between Sony, Raimi and Arad.\nA fourth installment, titled Spider-Man 4, was set to be released on May 6, 2011, followed by a Venom spin-off film, but both were cancelled due to Raimi's withdrawal over creative differences with the writers and producers. The Spider-Man film series was rebooted twice; first with The Amazing Spider-Man (2012) by Marc Webb and starring Andrew Garfield; and later a new film series set within the Marvel Cinematic Universe, directed by Jon Watts and starring Tom Holland, beginning with Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017). The Venom spin-off was revived in 2016 by Sony and was finally released in 2018 with Venom, set within Sony's Marvel Universe directed by Ruben Fleischer.", "Q2077900": "Peter Rolfe Vaughan ACGI, DIC, FREng, FICE, FCGI, MASCE, FGS, (born 10 March 1935; died 16 May 2008) was Emeritus Professor of Ground Engineering in the Geotechnics department of Imperial College London.", "Q156725": "The University of Hamburg (German: Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, also referred to as UHH) is a university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919 by combining the previous General Lecture System (Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen), the Colonial Institute of Hamburg (Hamburgisches Kolonialinstitut), and the Academic College (Akademisches Gymnasium). The main campus is located in the central district of Rotherbaum, with affiliated institutes and research centers distributed around the city-state.\nThe university has been ranked in the top 200 universities worldwide by the Times Higher Education Ranking, the Shanghai Ranking and the CWTS Leiden Ranking, placing it among the top 1% of global universities. Six Nobel Prize Winners and one Wolf Prize Winner are affiliated with UHH. \nOn a national scale, U.S. News & World Report ranks UHH 7th and QS World University Rankings 14th out of a total of 426 German institutions of higher education.\n\n", "Q104705": "Umaru Musa Yar'Adua (16 August 1951 \u2013 5 May 2010) was the 13th president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. He was governor of Katsina State in northern Nigeria from 29 May 1999 to 28 May 2007. \nHe was declared the winner of the controversial Nigerian presidential election held on 21 April 2007, and was sworn in on 29 May 2007. He was a member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP). \nIn 2009, Yar'Adua left for Saudi Arabia to receive treatment for pericarditis. He returned to Nigeria on 24 February 2010, where he died on 5 May.\n\n", "Q304971": "Buddah Records (later known as Buddha Records) was an American record label founded in 1967 in New York City. The label was born out of Kama Sutra Records, an MGM Records-distributed label, which remained a key imprint following Buddah's founding. Buddah handled a variety of music genres, including bubblegum pop (the Ohio Express and the 1910 Fruitgum Company), folk-rock (Melanie), experimental music (Captain Beefheart), and soul (Gladys Knight & the Pips).\nIn addition to the Buddah imprint, the company distributed many other independent labels, including Kama Sutra Records (after Kama Sutra cut their distribution ties with MGM in 1969), Curtom Records (Curtis Mayfield), T-Neck Records (the Isley Brothers), Charisma Records (Genesis, Monty Python), Sussex Records (Bill Withers), Hot Wax Records (Holland-Dozier-Holland post-Motown productions) and smaller subsidiaries.", "Q67270": "Caslano is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the Swiss canton of Ticino, near to the Italian border.", "Q16489": "Sophie Mary Wilson (born 1957) is an English computer scientist, who helped design the BBC Micro and ARM architecture.\nWilson first designed a microcomputer during a break from studies at Selwyn College, Cambridge. She subsequently joined Acorn Computers and was instrumental in designing the BBC Micro, including the BBC BASIC programming language whose development she led for the next 15 years. She first began designing the ARM reduced instruction set computer (RISC) in 1983, which entered production two years later. It became popular in embedded systems and is now the most widely used processor architecture in smartphones. Wilson is currently serving as a director at the technology conglomerate Broadcom Inc. In 2011, she was listed in 2011 in Maximum PC as number 8 in an article titled The 15 Most Important Women in Tech History She was awarded the Commander of the British Empire in 2019.", "Q68143": "Ernst August Friedrich Klingemann (31 August 1777 in Braunschweig \u2013 25 January 1831 in Braunschweig) was a German writer. He is generally agreed to be the author of the 1804 novel Nachtwachen (Nightwatches) under the pseudonym Bonaventura.", "Q472316": "The University of Nottingham is a public research university in Nottingham, United Kingdom. It was founded as University College Nottingham in 1881, and was granted a royal charter in 1948.\nNottingham's main campus (University Park) with Jubilee Campus and teaching hospital (Queen's Medical Centre) are located within the City of Nottingham, with a number of smaller campuses and sites elsewhere in Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. Outside the UK, the university has campuses in Semenyih, Malaysia and Ningbo, China. Nottingham is organised into five constituent faculties, within which there are more than 50 schools, departments, institutes and research centres. Nottingham has about 45,500 students and 7,000 staff, and had an income of \u00a3656.5 million in 2017/18, of which \u00a3120.1 million was from research grants and contracts.In 2010, Nottingham was ranked 13th in the world in terms of the number of alumni listed among CEOs of the Fortune Global 500, together with the Tohoku (Japan) and Stanford University (U.S.) It is also ranked 2nd (joint with Oxford) in the 2012 Summer Olympics table of British medal winners. In the 2011 and 2014 GreenMetric World University Rankings, University Park was ranked as the world's most sustainable campus. The institution's alumni have been awarded a variety of prestigious accolades, including 3 Nobel Prizes, a Fields Medal, a Turner Prize, and a Gabor Medal and Prize. Nottingham was ranked No. 11 overall in the UK by the 2019 QS Graduate Employability Rankings. The QS Graduate Employability Rankings measure how successful students are at securing a top job after graduation from university. In addition, the 2017 High Fliers survey stated Nottingham was the seventh most targeted university by the UK's top employers between 2016\u201317.The university is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association, the Russell Group, Universitas 21, Universities UK, the Virgo Consortium, and participates in the Sutton Trust Summer School programme as a member of the Sutton 30.", "Q142988": "Alfred Thayer Mahan (; September 27, 1840 \u2013 December 1, 1914) was a United States naval officer and historian, whom John Keegan called \"the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century.\" His book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660\u20131783 (1890) won immediate recognition, especially in Europe, and with its successor, The Influence of Sea Power Upon the French Revolution and Empire, 1793\u20131812 (1892), made him world-famous and perhaps the most influential American author of the nineteenth century.\n\n", "Q71412": "Norbert Grupe (August 25, 1939 \u2013 March 10, 2004), better known outside Germany by his stage name Wilhelm von Homburg, was a German boxer, actor, and professional wrestler known for his villainous supporting roles in various high profile films of the 1980s and 90s, including Vigo the Carpathian in Ghostbusters II, the henchman James in Die Hard, and Souteneur in Werner Herzog's Stroszek.", "Q674913": "Touch\u00e9 Amor\u00e9 is an American post-hardcore band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2007. The band consists of vocalist Jeremy Bolm, guitarists Clayton Stevens and Nick Steinhardt, bassist Tyler Kirby, and drummer Elliot Babin. Among other releases, they have released five studio albums: ...To the Beat of a Dead Horse in 2009, Parting the Sea Between Brightness and Me in 2011, Is Survived By in 2013, Stage Four in 2016, and Dead Horse X in August 2019. The last album is a complete re-recording of the first.\n\n", "Q112167": "Boris Frederic Cecil Tay-Natey Ofuatey-Kodjoe (; born March 8, 1973), better known as Boris Kodjoe, is an Austrian-born actor of German and Ghanaian descent known for his roles as Kelby in the 2002 film Brown Sugar, the sports-courier agent Damon Carter on the Showtime drama series Soul Food, and a recurring character on FOX's The Last Man on Earth. He currently co-stars on BET's Real Husbands of Hollywood and the Grey's Anatomy spin-off, Station 19.", "Q180405": "Fracture is a 2007 legal thriller film, starring Anthony Hopkins and Ryan Gosling, and directed by Gregory Hoblit. It is the story of a man who shoots his unfaithful wife, and then engages in a battle of wits with a young assistant district attorney. The film has a 71% critic rating from Rotten Tomatoes and grossed $91 million. It was filmed in California.", "Q432732": "Adelaide Gail Zappa (n\u00e9e Sloatman; January 1, 1945 \u2013 October 7, 2015) was the wife of musician and composer Frank Zappa and the trustee of the Zappa Family Trust. They met in Los Angeles in 1966 and married while she was pregnant with their first child, Moon, followed by Dweezil, Ahmet and Diva.\nIn 2002, Zappa founded the Zappa Family Trust, a holder for the title and copyright to Frank Zappa's musical and artistic products, as well as his commercial image. In 2015, the Trust was given to her son Ahmet shortly before she died of lung cancer.", "Q27654": "Philosophy (from Greek \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1, philosophia, literally \"love of wisdom\") is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. The term was probably coined by Pythagoras (c. 570 \u2013 495 BCE). Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument, and systematic presentation. Classic philosophical questions include: Is it possible to know anything and to prove it? What is most real? Philosophers also pose more practical and concrete questions such as: Is there a best way to live? Is it better to be just or unjust (if one can get away with it)? Do humans have free will?Historically, \"philosophy\" encompassed any body of knowledge. From the time of Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle to the 19th century, \"natural philosophy\" encompassed astronomy, medicine, and physics. For example, Newton's 1687 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy later became classified as a book of physics. In the 19th century, the growth of modern research universities led academic philosophy and other disciplines to professionalize and specialize. In the modern era, some investigations that were traditionally part of philosophy became separate academic disciplines, including psychology, sociology, linguistics, and economics.\nOther investigations closely related to art, science, politics, or other pursuits remained part of philosophy. For example, is beauty objective or subjective? Are there many scientific methods or just one? Is political utopia a hopeful dream or hopeless fantasy? Major sub-fields of academic philosophy include metaphysics (\"concerned with the fundamental nature of reality and being\"), epistemology (about the \"nature and grounds of knowledge [and]...its limits and validity\"), ethics, aesthetics, political philosophy, logic and philosophy of science.", "Q4932774": "Bob Herron (born March 9, 1951) is a Democratic former member of the Alaska House of Representatives, representing the 38th District from 2009 until 2017. Herron was the Majority Whip, granting him the distinction of being the only Representative in the United States elected as a Democrat who served as a statewide leader of a Republican party-majority legislative body. The official job of the Whip is to make sure that House members vote in line with Republican leadership.\nBefore the beginning of the 26th Legislature, in January 2008 Representative Herron, began caucusing with the Republicans in the House Majority Caucus. During the 2009 and 2010 legislative sessions, Representative Herron served as Co-Chair of the Community & Regional Affairs Committee, Co-Chair of the Health & Social Services Committee, and Vice-Chair of the Rules Committee. During the 2011 legislative session, Representative Herron began serving as the Chair of the Economic Development, Trade and Tourism Committee.\n\n", "Q4776261": "Antonia \"Toya\" Johnson (born October 26, 1983) is an American reality television personality, rapper, businesswoman, and author. She wrote a book called Priceless Inspirations, as well a memoir titled In My Own Words..My Real Reality, How To Lose A Husband, and You Just Don't Get It with her daughter, Reginae Carter. She owns a boutique called G.A.R.B., in New Orleans, Louisiana, and GARB Shoetique in Smyrna, Georgia. Johnson starred in her own reality show on BET called Toya: A Family Affair which consisted of 16 episodes of one season in 2011.", "Q61601": "Georg Heym (30 October 1887 \u2013 16 January 1912) was a German writer. He is particularly known for his poetry, representative of early Expressionism.", "Q112601": "Wolfgang Neff (8 September 1875 \u2013 after November 1936) was an Austrian film director. He directed 50 films between 1920 and 1930. He was born in Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic).", "Q3573474": "Yves Barsacq (17 June 1931 \u2013 4 October 2015) was a French film actor, who appeared in more than 150 films. He is the son of the French-Russian production designer L\u00e9on Barsacq and the nephew of the French theatre director Andr\u00e9 Barsacq.\n\n", "Q491933": "Edward Joseph Kelly (May 1, 1876 \u2013 October 20, 1950) was an American politician who served as the 46th Mayor of Chicago from April 17, 1933 until April 15, 1947. \nPrior to being mayor of Chicago, Kelly served as chief engineer of the Chicago Sanitary District during the 1920s.", "Q516690": "Walton Sanders Goggins Jr. (born November 10, 1971) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Shane Vendrell in The Shield (2002\u20132008), Boyd Crowder in Justified (2010\u20132015), Clay Hawkins in Lincoln (2012), Billy Crash in Django Unchained (2012), Chris Mannix in The Hateful Eight (2015), Lee Russell in Vice Principals (2016\u20132017) and Sonny Burch in Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018). He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his work on Justified. He also produced and starred in the 2001 short film The Accountant, which won an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film.", "Q539673": "Nik Keith Gowing (born 1951) is a British television journalist.\n\n", "Q323470": "Nadir Khayat (Arabic: \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u200e; born 9 April 1972), better known by his stage name RedOne, is a Moroccan\u2013Swedish singer, songwriter, record producer and record executive.\nAs a record producer and songwriter, he has worked with many high-profile recording artists, most notably Lady Gaga, Akon, Michael Jackson, RBD, Now United, U2, Nicki Minaj, Jennifer Lopez, Nicole Scherzinger, Gru, Cross Gene, Pitbull, Enrique Iglesias, Shakira, Wyclef Jean, Mariah Carey, Paulina Rubio, Myl\u00e8ne Farmer, Mohombi, Inna, Alexandra Burke, Austin Mahone, One Direction, Marc Anthony, The Band Perry, Prince Royce, Rod Stewart and Usher, among many others. His production discography boasts many Billboard and international hits, which he produced and co-wrote. RedOne has established his own record label named RedOne Records.RedOne has been nominated for ten Grammy Awards, winning three. He was also awarded The Grammis Award for Producer of the Year, which is the Swedish equivalent to Grammy Awards. In 2009, he was the number one producer on the Billboard Hot 100, ranking number three as songwriter and BMI Songwriter of the Year. Commonly, he produces pop, rock, R&B, house and dance genres.\n\n", "Q164797": "Paulo Reglus Neves Freire (; Portuguese: [\u02c8pawlu \u02c8f\u027eei\u027ei] (listen); September 19, 1921 \u2013 May 2, 1997) was a Brazilian educator and philosopher who was a leading advocate of critical pedagogy. He is best known for his influential work Pedagogy of the Oppressed, which is generally considered one of the foundational texts of the critical pedagogy movement.", "Q635797": "Gadzhi Akhmedovich Abashilov (Russian: \u0413\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438 \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432; also referred to as \"Haji Abashilov\"; 1950 \u2013 21 March 2008) was a Russian journalist and chief of the Republic of Dagestan's outlet of state-owned VGTRK media company. He was assassinated in Makhachkala, Dagestan on 21 March 2008 at 19:45 local time.", "Q981171": "Vitaly Valentinovich Bianki (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043a\u0438) (11 February 1894, St. Petersburg \u2014 10 June 1959, Leningrad) \u2014 was a popular Russian children\u2019s writer and a prolific author of books on nature.", "Q249865": "John Savage (born John Smeallie Youngs; August 25, 1949) is an American actor, best known for his roles in the films The Deer Hunter (1978), The Onion Field (1979), Hair (1979) and Salvador (1986). He is also known for his role as Donald Lydecker in the TV series Dark Angel.", "Q326508": "Matheus Kristof Shikongo (born June 26, 1950 in Ondangwa, Oshana Region) is a Namibian politician. A member of SWAPO, Shikongo was the Mayor of Windhoek, Namibia's capital, in 1993 and from 2000 to 2010.On July 6, 2000, Shikongo signed a treaty with Eberhard Diepgen, the mayor of Berlin, signifying the Twin city partnership between the two. \nMatheus Shikongo is also a member of the Executive Board in Namibian national power company \"NamPower\" with its headquarters in Windhoek.", "Q195008": "Emir Rodr\u00edguez Monegal (28 July 1921 \u2013 14 November 1985), born in Uruguay, was a scholar, literary critic, and editor of Latin American literature. From 1969 to 1985, Rodr\u00edguez Monegal was professor of Latin American contemporary literature at Yale University. He is usually called by his second surname Emir R. Monegal or Monegal (or erroneously Emir Rodr\u00edguez-Monegal).\nDescribed as \"one of the most influential Latin American literary critics of the 20th century\" by the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Monegal wrote key books about Pablo Neruda and Jorge Luis Borges, and the Britannica Macrop\u00e6dia notice of the later. He was a part in \"The Boom\" of 1960s Latin American literature as founder and 1966\u20131968 editor of his influential magazine Mundo Nuevo. Umberto Eco was quoted in saying that Jorge Luis Borges had read almost everything but no one knew that indiscernable totallity better than Emir.He is remembered as a member of the Generation of 45, a Uruguayan intellectual and literary movement: Carlos Maggi, Manuel Flores Mora, \u00c1ngel Rama, Idea Vilari\u00f1o, Carlos Real de Az\u00faa, Carlos Mart\u00ednez Moreno, Mario Arregui, Mauricio Muller, Jos\u00e9 Pedro D\u00edaz, Amanda Berenguer, Tola Invernizzi, Mario Benedetti, Ida Vitale, L\u00edber Falco, Juan Cunha, Juan Carlos Onetti, among others.", "Q32259": "Pavel \u0160porcl (born 25 April 1973) is a Czech violinist.He was a notable pupil of V\u00e1clav Sn\u00edtil. He combines a talent for classical music with a rather unorthodox presence, with a characteristic headscarf.\u0160porcl is married to actress Barbora Kodetov\u00e1. They have three daughters: Lily Marie (born 15 February 2001), Violeta (born 26 July 2007) and Sophie (born 24 August 2009).", "Q273535": "HEC Paris (French: \u00c9cole des hautes \u00e9tudes commerciales de Paris) is an international business school established in 1881 and located in Jouy-en-Josas, France. Among the most selective French grandes \u00e9coles, HEC Paris offers its flagship Master in Management, MBA and EMBA programs, specialized MSc programs, a PhD program, and executive education offerings.\nHEC Paris is the founding member of CEMS - Global Alliance in Management Education and holds the triple accreditation (AACSB, AMBA, EQUIS). With ESSEC and ESCP, it forms the informal group commonly referred as the 3 Parisiennes (\"the three Parisians\").\nHEC alumni include 12 CEOs of F500 companies \u2013 2017 more than any other business school in the world and third institution only to Harvard and Stanford -, several heads of states and governments, heads of international organizations, and other prominent figures in politics, business, and the arts.\nIn 2017, HEC Alumni has been ranked by The Economist as the 2nd most powerful business school alumni network in the world.", "Q587823": "Jos\u00e9 Muro y L\u00f3pez-Salgado (Valladolid, Spain, 21 December 1840 - Madrid, Spain, 19 June 1907) was a Spanish politician and lawyer who served as Minister of State in 1873, during the presidency of Francisco Pi y Margall in the First Spanish Republic.", "Q100205": "For the 16th-century Archbishop of Trier, see Jakob von Eltz-R\u00fcbenach.Jakob Graf und Edler Herr von und zu Eltz-Kempenich genannt Faust von Stromberg, also referred to as Johann Jakob Eltz (Croatian: Jakov grof Eltz-Vukovarski; 22 September 1921 \u2013 10 February 2006) was a Knight of Malta, and a Croatian politician who became a key figure in Croatian politics during the 1990s. In Croatia, he is often styled as the count of Vukovar (vukovarski grof). He was President of the Association of Winemakers in Rheingau from 1964 to 1976. Jakob von und zu Eltz is the maternal grandfather of Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, a former German Minister of Defence.", "Q339428": "Viktor R\u00e1kosi, also known under his pseudonym Sipulusz (born Kremsner, 20 September 1860, Ukk \u2013 15 September 1923, Budapest), was a Hungarian writer, journalist, humorist, member of parliament, and sport leader. His siblings include actor Szidi R\u00e1kosi and fellow writer Jen\u0151 R\u00e1kosi.", "Q34628": "Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (; German: [\u02c8l\u025bs\u026a\u014b]; 22 January 1729 \u2013 15 February 1781) was a German writer, philosopher, dramatist, publicist and art critic, and an outstanding representative of the Enlightenment era. His plays and theoretical writings substantially influenced the development of German literature. He is widely considered by theatre historians to be the first dramaturg in his role at Abel Seyler's Hamburg National Theatre.", "Q215868": "Alice Walker (born February 9, 1944) is an American novelist, short story writer, poet, and social activist. In 1982, she wrote the novel The Color Purple, for which she won the National Book Award for hardcover fiction, and the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. She also wrote the novels Meridian (1976) and The Third Life of Grange Copeland (1970). An avowed feminist, Walker coined the term womanist to mean \"A black feminist or feminist of color\" in 1983.", "Q5203734": "David Mark Hegsted (March 25, 1914 \u2013 June 16, 2009) was an American nutritionist who studied the connections between food consumption and heart disease. His work included studies that showed that consumption of saturated fats led to increases in cholesterol, leading to the development of dietary guidelines intended to help Americans achieve better health through improved food choices.", "Q319920": "Lee Hae-chan (born July 10, 1952) is a South Korean politician currently serving his seventh term in the National Assembly. In August 27, 2018, he was elected the leader of the centrist liberal Democratic Party of Korea.\nHe was the former Prime Minister of South Korea. He was nominated by president Roh Moo-hyun on June 8, 2004, confirmed by the National Assembly on June 29, and took office on June 30. On March 14, 2006, he resigned amidst the so-called golf game scandal.\nHe also served as the minister of education under former president Kim Dae-jung from 1998 to 1999, presiding over controversial education reforms including revamping the college entrance process and lowering the retirement age of teachers. The first reform in particular, which at the time was summed up in the slogan that being good at one thing was enough to get into college, was criticised for allegedly lowering dramatically the scholastic competence of the so-called \"Lee Hae-chan generation\" of then-high school students.\nHis nomination as prime minister met some resistance due to his record as minister of education, which many consider a failure. Since taking office, however, Lee has proved an able prime minister, being described by some as the most powerful prime minister South Korea has seen.\nOn March 1, 2006, the Korean Railroad Workers Union and Seoul Subway Union entered a strike together. The strike of railroad and subway at the same time proved to be a fatal blow at the nation's economic activity, especially Seoul area, where traffic heavily depend on subway, which is controlled by these two unions. Prime Minister Lee was supposed to command the situation and mediate the strike; however, he was playing golf at Busan area with local businessmen, and this caused massive distaste among Korean people against Lee for not taking care of the government and people.", "Q494693": "Torrelavega (Cantabrian: Torlavega) is a municipality and important industrial and commercial hub in the single province Autonomous Community of Cantabria in northern Spain.\nIt is situated roughly 8 kilometres from the Cantabrian Coast and 27.5 kilometres from the capital of the Autonomous Community, Santander, half way between the Principality of Asturias and the Basque Country. The rivers Saja and Besaya flow through the city.\nIt is the capital of the comarca (county, but with no administrative role) of Valle del Besaya which includes also composed of the municipalities of Suances, Polanco, Cartes, Los Corrales de Buelna, Cieza, Arenas de Igu\u00f1a, B\u00e1rcena de Pie de Concha, Molledo, Anievas and San Felices de Buelna.\nIts highest point is 606 metres and its lowest point is 12 metres.\nTorrelavega is a regional center for industry and transport, and its weekly livestock fair is famous in Spain. Its stadium is known as El Malecon. The Cave of Altamira, famed for the prehistoric paintings found inside, is about 10 kilometers northwest of the city.\n\n", "Q4909084": "Sir William Benjamin Bowring Gammell FRSE (born 29 December 1952) is a businessman and former Scottish International rugby player.", "Q111308": "Claus Wilcke (born 12 August 1939 in Bremen) is a German actor who has played Americans in the German TV shows Percy Stuart and I.O.B. Spezialauftrag. He has also dubbed many American actors including Elvis Presley and Michael Landon for cinema and TV. He has won several German awards.", "Q1629187": "Sir Peter Bernhard Hirsch HonFRMS FRS (born 16 January 1925) is a figure in British materials science who has made fundamental contributions to the application of transmission electron microscopy to metals. Hirsch attended the Sloane School, Chelsea and St Catharine's College, Cambridge. In 1946 he joined the Crystallography Department of the Cavendish to work for a PhD on work hardening in metals under W.H. Taylor and Lawrence Bragg. He subsequently carried out work, which is still cited, on the structure of coal.\nIn the mid-1950s he pioneered the application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to metals and developed in detail the theory needed to interpret such images. He was a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge from 1960 to 1966 and was elected an Honorary Fellow of Christ's in 1978. In 1965, with Howie, Whelan, Pashley and Nicholson, he published the text Electron microscopy of thin crystals. The following year he moved to Oxford to take up the Isaac Wolfson Chair in Metallurgy, succeeding William Hume-Rothery. He held this post until his retirement in 1992, building up the Department of Metallurgy (now the Department of Materials) into a world-renowned centre. Among many other honours, he was awarded the 1983 Wolf Foundation Prize in physics. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1963 and knighted in 1975. He is a fellow of St Edmund Hall, Oxford.", "Q266676": "Namie Amuro (\u5b89\u5ba4\u5948\u7f8e\u6075, Amuro Namie NAH-mee-AY, born September 20, 1977) is a Japanese former recording artist, producer, songwriter, dancer, model, actress and entrepreneur who was active between 1992 and 2018. A leading figure of the Japanese entertainment industry since the early 90s, Amuro is known for breaking the youthful idol stereotype of J-Pop, changing the fashion trends and lifestyle of women in Japan, her experimentation across music styles, and for her visual imagery in music videos and live performances. Due to her career longevity, resilience, professionalism, efforts behind-the-scenes in the music industry, and her way of living, she is a pop culture icon in Japan and Asia. She has been referred to as \"the diva of the Heisei era\" and the \"Queen of Japanese Pop\", and has been recognized as having the influence and career impact domestically equivalent to artists such as Janet Jackson and Madonna in Western music and pop culture.Born in Naha, Okinawa, Japan, Amuro debuted as the lead singer of the idol group Super Monkey's when she was 14 years old. Despite early sales disappointments, she ventured into modeling and acting, attracting domestic attention with the group's best-selling single \"Try Me (Watashi o Shinjite)\". She signed to Avex Trax in 1995 and debuted as a solo artist with the single \"Body Feels Exit\". Her 1996 studio album, Sweet 19 Blues, sold over 3 million copies, setting the record at the time for the biggest selling album by a female artist in Japan and the highest selling album debut in the world (currently ranked #15 in the world's largest first week album sales). One of the singles from her album Concentration 20 (1997), \"Can You Celebrate?\", is the best-selling single by a solo female artist in Japanese music history. From 1999, Amuro partnered with international musicians and producers on her records, beginning with Genius 2000 (2000).\nIn the early 2000s, Amuro's music evolved from pop to R&B, and Amuro saw a decline in sales. Play (2007), her eighth studio album, heralded a period of commercial resurgence. She continued to experiment musically, moving to electronic dance music and English language songs with follow-up records Uncontrolled (2012) and Feel (2013). She subsequently released her eleventh studio album, Genic (2015) and a compilation album, Finally (2017).Amuro is noted within the Japanese entertainment industry, and the wider Western music industry, for \"producing\" and managing her own career. Aside from music, she has appeared in various advertisement campaigns in Japan and founded her own management company, Stella88, and her own record label, Dimension Point.\nHaving sold more than 36 million records in Japan, Amuro is recognized as one of the best-selling artists in Japan by Oricon. Since her solo debut, she has top 10 singles for 23 consecutive years (#1 for solo artist). All of her albums are at least certified Platinum, and her debut solo album, Sweet 19 Blues, was the best selling album in Japan. She is the only artist in Japan selling million albums in her teens, 20s, 30s and 40s. Furthermore, her last album, Finally, topped the Year-End album charts of both Oricon and Billboard Japan for two consecutive years ( The first and only artist in the Japanese Music Industry to do so). Amuro has frequently been noted for her live performances at music award ceremonies and she is the recipient of World Music Awards, Japan Record Awards, Japan Gold Disc Awards, and MTV Video Music Awards Japan among many others.\nOn September 16, 2018, Amuro officially retired from the music and entertainment business.", "Q521014": "Benedek Elek, western name order \"Elek Benedek\" [Hungarian], Born on (30 September 1859 \u2013 17 August 1929) was a Hungarian journalist and writer, widely known as \"The Great Folk-Tale Teller\" of The \"Szekely_Hungarian\" Fairy-Tales.", "Q944563": "Richard Keith Robert Coles (born 26 March 1962) is an English musician, journalist and Church of England parish priest. Now vicar of Finedon in Northamptonshire, he was formerly the multi-instrumentalist who partnered Jimmy Somerville in the 1980s band The Communards. They achieved three Top Ten hits, including the No. 1 record and best-selling single of 1986, a dance version of \"Don't Leave Me This Way\". \nColes appears frequently on radio and television as well as in newspapers and, in March 2011, became the regular host of BBC Radio 4's Saturday Live programme. He is a regular contributor to QI, Would I Lie to You? and Have I Got News for You. He is Chancellor of the University of Northampton, Honorary Chaplain to the Worshipful Company of Leathersellers, and a Patron of Greatwell Homes.", "Q105355": "Ingbert Liebing (born 11 May 1963) is a German lobbyist and former politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as a member of the Bundestag from 2005 until 2017, where he represented Nordfriesland \u2013 Dithmarschen Nord. From 2014 until 2017, he was the chairman of the CDU state party group of Schleswig-Holstein.", "Q1377218": "Richard Edson (born January 1, 1954) is an American actor and musician.\n\n", "Q230430": "Ai Takahashi (\u9ad8\u6a4b \u611b, Takahashi Ai) (born September 14, 1986) is a Japanese pop singer and actress formerly associated with Hello! Project and best known as leader of Morning Musume and Hello! Project until 2011. She is also the former member of its popular subgroup Mini Moni.", "Q187424": "Candas Jane Dorsey (born November 16, 1952) is a Canadian poet and science fiction novelist who resides in her hometown of Edmonton, Alberta. Dorsey became a writer from an early age and works across genre boundaries, writing poetry, fiction, mainstream and speculative, short and long form, arts journalism and arts advocacy. Dorsey has also written television and stage scripts, magazine and newspaper articles, and reviews.\nDorsey currently teaches and holds workshops and readings. She has served on the executive board of the Writers' Guild of Alberta and is a founder of SF Canada. In 1998, Dorsey received the Prix Aurora Award.\nDorsey was editor-in-chief of The Books Collective (River, Slipstream and Tesseract Books) from 1992 through 2005.", "Q247860": "\u00c7etin Altan (22 June 1927 \u2013 22 October 2015) was a Turkish writer, journalist, and a member of parliament. He was considered one of the finest writers in the modern Turkish language of the late 20th century.\n\n", "Q206182": "1911, also known as Xinhai Revolution and The 1911 Revolution, is a 2011 Chinese historical drama film. The film is a tribute to the 100th anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution. It is also Jackie Chan's 100th film in his career. As well as starring in it, Chan is also the executive producer and co-director of the film. Co-stars include Chan's son Jaycee Chan, Li Bingbing, Winston Chao, Joan Chen and Hu Ge. This film was selected to open the 24th Tokyo International Film Festival.", "Q3100645": "Herman Friele (born 21 August 1943) is a Norwegian businessman and politician for the Conservative Party. He has been chairman of the coffee manufacturer Friele since 1981, as the seventh generation Friele in charge of the company. He was the highly popular mayor of Bergen from 2003 to 2007.Before the 2003 election, a survey found that 64% of the inhabitants of Bergen wanted him to become the mayor after the election. When Friele announced that he would not be running for mayor in the 2007 election, a survey showed that 60% of the inhabitants of Bergen wanted him to continue in the job.", "Q846406": "San Fernando is a city in the San Fernando Valley, in the northwestern region of Los Angeles County, California in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It is bordered on all sides by the city of Los Angeles. As of the 2010 census the population of San Fernando was 23,645.", "Q452788": "Stephen Dougray Scott (born 26 November 1965) is a Scottish actor. He is best known for his roles in the films Ever After (1998), Mission: Impossible 2 (2000), Hitman (2007), and My Week with Marilyn (2011).", "Q4133228": "Anna Gavendov\u00e1-Handzlov\u00e1 is an orienteering competitor who competed for Czechoslovakia. At the 1972 World Orienteering Championships in Ji\u010d\u00edn she placed 14th in the individual competition, and won a bronze medal in the relay, together with Na\u010fa Mertov\u00e1 and Renata Vlachov\u00e1. At the 1974 World Orienteering Championships in Viborg she placed 12th in the individual race, and won a bronze medal in the relay, together with Dana Proch\u00e1zkov\u00e1 and Renata Vlachov\u00e1.", "Q26204": "Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Greek: \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f08\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f09\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2,\nDion\u00fasios Alex\u00e1ndrou Halikarnasse\u00fas, ''Dionysios son of Alexandros of Halikarnassos''; c. 60 BC \u2013 after 7 BC) was a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of Augustus Caesar. His literary style was Atticistic\u2014imitating Classical Attic Greek in its prime.\nDionysius' opinion of the necessity of a promotion of paideia within education, from true knowledge of Classical sources, endured for centuries in a form integral to the identity of the Greek elite.", "Q113537": "Halvdan Sivertsen (born 5 January 1950) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was born in Troms\u00f8, but raised and lives in Bod\u00f8. He has won Spellemannprisen awards five times, twice with his group Gitarkameratene, and received the Culture Prize of Nordland county in 2000. His album Kj\u00e6rlighetslandet reached number eight on the Norway albums chart.The Norwegian Society of Composers and Lyricists awarded him the \"lyrics of the year\"-prize in 2010 and an accompanying grant totalling 25 000 Norwegian kroner, for his song D\u00f8dsbra dop \u2014 a criticism of Norwegian soldiers' behaviour in Afghanistan, and Norwegian politicians.", "Q1137848": "Every Little Thing (also known as ELT) is a pop/soft rock duo from \nJapan who debuted in August 1996 with the release of their first single called \"Feel My Heart\". Their name is usually written in English, and only rarely in katakana. They gained massive popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s. As of 2013, Every Little Thing has sold over 23 million copies of singles and albums throughout Japan. Their second studio album, Time to Destination, is the best-selling album of the band with over 3.5 million copies sold, and became the 10th best-selling album of all time in Japan.\nAlso known as ELT by their fans, Every Little Thing was originally a trio but became a duo in 2000 with Kaori Mochida as the singer and Ichiro Ito as the guitarist. Mitsuru Igarashi left ELT following the release of their third original album, Eternity.", "Q236041": "Diana Gudaevna Gurtskaya (Georgian: \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e6\u10e3\u10e0\u10ec\u10d9\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0, Russian: \u0414\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0443\u0440\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f, born 2 July 1978) is a blind Russian-Georgian singer. Following a failed attempt in Belarus the previous year Diana, on 1 March 2008, won the Georgian national final with 39.4% of the vote, therefore she represented Georgia at the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest in Belgrade, Serbia. She won a place in the final at the second semi-final on 22 May and finished 11th.\nGurtskaya has a number of awards to her credit. Most notably, a 2007 Russian Honorable Artist award given to her by president Vladimir Putin, a Medal of Honor given to her by Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili, and the Award of Saint Barbara in Ukraine amongst others.She has recorded duets with various well-known foreign singers including Ray Charles, Toto Cutugno, and Demis Roussos.In 2009, Gurtskaya received significant media attention after failing to obtain a visa from the British embassy due to her blindness. However, after a much publicised campaign, a visa was granted and the rules were changed.Gurtskaya is married to Pyotr Kucherenko, who is a sighted lawyer in Moscow, and they have one son, Konstantin (b. June 2007).\nDiana Gurtskaya signed the petition of support of Putin's actions in Ukraine and Crimea in 2014.", "Q1699122": "John Alfred Prestwich (1874 \u2013 1952) was an English engineer and inventor. He founded the company JA Prestwich Industries Ltd in 1895 and was a pioneer in the early development of cinematography projectors and cameras. The company also manufactured its famous JAP motorcycle engines.\nHe worked with S.Z. de Ferranti and later the cinema pioneer William Friese-Greene.\nHe was awarded the Edward Longstreth Medal by the Franklin Institute in 1919.", "Q170912": "Sexology is the scientific study of human sexuality, including human sexual interests, behaviors, and functions. The term sexology does not generally refer to the non-scientific study of sexuality, such as political science or social criticism.Sexologists apply tools from several academic fields, such as biology, medicine, psychology, epidemiology, sociology, and criminology. Topics of study include sexual development (puberty), sexual orientation, gender identity, sexual relationships, sexual activities, paraphilias, and atypical sexual interests. It also includes the study of sexuality across the lifespan, including child sexuality, puberty, adolescent sexuality, and sexuality among the elderly. Sexology also spans sexuality among the mentally and/or physically disabled. The sexological study of sexual dysfunctions and disorders, including erectile dysfunction, anorgasmia, and pedophilia, are also mainstays.", "Q63758": "Carl Eugen Langen (9 October 1833 \u2013 2 October 1895) was a German entrepreneur, engineer and inventor, involved in the development of the petrol engine and the Wuppertal Suspension Railway. In 1857 he worked in his father's sugar factory, JJ Langen & S\u00f6hne, and after extensive technical training at the Polytechnic institute in Karlsruhe, patented a method for producing sugar cubes. He sold this method in 1872 to Sir Henry Tate of England, founder of the Tate Gallery in London.", "Q555795": "Alfredo Pi\u00e1n (October 21, 1912 \u2013 July 25, 1990) was an Argentinian racing driver. He entered the 1950 Monaco Grand Prix with a Maserati 4CLT run by Scuderia Achille Varzi. During the Saturday practice sessions, Pi\u00e1n, who had the sixth fastest time at that point, spun on an oil patch and crashed against the guard-rail, being thrown out of the cockpit. He sustained leg injuries and was not able to start the race, and the injury ended his career.", "Q64037": "Ernst Heinrich Adolf von Pfuel (3 November 1779 \u2013 3 December 1866) was a Prussian general, as well as Prussian Minister of War and later Prime Minister of Prussia.\nPfuel was born in Jahnsfelde, Prussia (present-day M\u00fcncheberg, Germany). He served as commander of Cologne and the Prussian sector of Paris from 1814-15 during the Napoleonic Wars. Pfuel later served as Governor of Berlin and Governor of the Prussian Canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland.Pfuel replaced Karl Wilhelm von Willisen as the Royal Special Commissioner of King Frederick William IV of Prussia during the Greater Poland Uprising (1848). He was a member of the Prussian National Assembly of 1848 and later that year, served as Prussian Minister of War from 7 September to 2 November, as well as Prime Minister of Prussia.\nPfuel was a close friend of Heinrich von Kleist. He was also an innovator of the breaststroke swimming technique, and the founder of the world's first military swimming-school, in 1810 in Prague. From 1816 he was a member of the Gesetzlose Gesellschaft zu Berlin. He died in Berlin.", "Q117751": "Charles Oser (17 February 1902 in Sion, Switzerland \u2013 29 March 1994) was a Swiss politician from the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland (FDP).\nThough born in Sitten/Sion, Oser originated from a bourgeois francophone family from Basel. He studied at Lausanne before pursuing legal studies at the Universities of Lausanne and Bern, obtaining his doctorate in 1927.\nHe was employed at the Federal Chancellery and the Senate in 1928 as secretary-translator, later becoming Vice-Chancellor in 1944. In 1951, after the departure of Chancellor Oskar Leimgruber, he was elected Chancellor, defeating the Catholic-Conservative People's Party candidate, Thurgau Chief Justice Joseph Plattner. Oser did not employ a second francophone vice-chancellor while serving as Chancellor, fulfilling the duties himself.\nDuring his mandate, he began the systematic collection of federal law, which was completed in 1974 under Chancellor Karl Huber and has been sustained continuously. Oser resigned in 1967.", "Q232227": "Way Out West is a 1937 Laurel and Hardy comedy film directed by James W. Horne, produced by Stan Laurel, and distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was the second picture for which Stan Laurel was credited as producer.", "Q368129": "Nils Allen \"Booboo\" Stewart Jr. (born January 21, 1994) is an American actor. He is known for playing Seth Clearwater, a werewolf in The Twilight Saga, Warpath in X-Men: Days of Future Past, and Jay in the Disney television film franchise Descendants.", "Q65329": "Hermann Otto Theodor Paul (August 7, 1846, Salbke \u2013 December 29, 1921, Munich) was a German linguist and lexicographer.", "Q72655": "Robert Schmidt may refer to:\n\nRobert Franz Schmidt (1932\u20132017), German physiologist and professor emeritus\nRobert Hans Schmidt (died 1962), general director of Ford Germany\nRobert Schmidt (bobsleigh), bobsledder who competed in the early 1930s\nRobert Schmidt (German politician) (1864\u20131943), leader in the Weimar Republic in the late 1910s and early 1920s\nRobert Schmidt (actor) (1882\u20131941), Danish actor\nRobert Schmidt (American football), American football coach in the United States\nRobert Schmidt (American politician) (1913\u20131988), American politician in Wisconsin", "Q63980": "The Three Stooges (promoted as The Three Stooges: The Movie) is a 2012 American slapstick comedy film based on the film shorts from 1934 to 1959 starring the comedy trio of the same name. The film was produced, written and directed by the Farrelly brothers and co-written by Mike Cerrone. It stars Chris Diamantopoulos, Sean Hayes, and Will Sasso, re-creating the eponymous characters played by Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Curly Howard.\nThe film's story places the Stooges in a modern setting. After over a decade of casting problems, principal photography took place from May to July 2011. The film was released on April 13, 2012, by 20th Century Fox.", "Q34600": "Kyoto (; \u4eac\u90fd Ky\u014dto, Japanese: [k\u02b2o\ua71c\u02d0to] (listen)), officially Kyoto City (\u4eac\u90fd\u5e02, Ky\u014dto-shi, Japanese: [k\u02b2o\u02d0to\ua71c\u0255i] (listen)), is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. As of 2018, the city had a population of 1.47 million.\nIn 794, Kyoto (then known as Heian-ky\u014d) was chosen as the new seat of Japan's imperial court. The original city was arranged in accordance with traditional Chinese feng shui following the model of the ancient Chinese capital of Chang'an. The Imperial Palace faced south, resulting in Uky\u014d (the right sector of the capital) being on the west while Saky\u014d (the left sector) is on the east. The streets in the modern-day wards of Nakagy\u014d, Shimogy\u014d, and Kamigy\u014d-ku still follow a grid pattern. \nThe Emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869, when the court relocated to Tokyo. The city was devastated during the \u014cnin War in the 15th century and went into an extended period of decline, but gradually revived under the Tokugawa shogunate (1600\u20131868) and flourished as a major city in Japan. The modern municipality of Kyoto was established in 1889. The city was spared from large-scale destruction during World War II and as a result, its prewar cultural heritage has mostly been preserved.\nKyoto is considered the cultural capital of Japan and a major tourist destination. It is home to numerous Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines, palaces and gardens, many of which are listed collectively by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Prominent landmarks include the Kyoto Imperial Palace, Kiyomizu-dera, Kinkaku-ji, Ginkaku-ji and the Katsura Imperial Villa. Kyoto is also a center of higher learning, with Kyoto University being an institution of international renown.", "Q984021": "J\u0101nis Jurk\u0101ns (born 31 August 1946 in Riga, Latvian SSR) is a Latvian politician, one of the leaders of the Latvian Popular Front, who served as foreign minister (1990\u20131992).", "Q272603": "Wendy Richard, (born Wendy Emerton, 20 July 1943 \u2013 26 February 2009) was an English actress best known for playing the roles of Shirley Brahms on Are You Being Served? and Pauline Fowler on EastEnders, the latter for nearly 22 years. She died of breast cancer on 26 February 2009.", "Q936693": "Onyx is an American hardcore hip hop group from South Jamaica, Queens, New York City, formed in 1988 by Fredro Starr, Suav\u00e9 (also known as Sonny Seeza) and the late Big DS. Sticky Fingaz joined the group in 1991.\nThey are best known for their 1993 platinum hit single \"Slam\", which The Source magazine described as a song that introduce the art of slam dancing into hip-hop. The group has released eight studio albums, three of which have charted in the Billboard 200 albums chart Top 25. Their debut album, Bacdafucup, has been certified platinum, won Best Rap Album at the Soul Train Music Awards and was selected as one of The Source magazine's 100 Best Rap Albums.They are also notable for their style: loud screaming, aggression, fighting with each other, stage diving, throwing water, rapping the grimy voice and the bald head fashion.", "Q90808": "Karl Hermann Martell (November 17, 1906 in Tilsit \u2013 December 28, 1966 in Hamburg) was a German actor.\nMartell was only 14 when he had his first performance in a silent movie, Das gro\u00dfe Geheimnis (1920). In subsequent years, he was often seen as a supporting actor. In the 1930s, he reached main billing in romance and adventure films and acted as a partner of Zarah Leander in four movies. During World War II he participated in Alarm, Ohm Kr\u00fcger, Back Then and Das alte Lied.\nAfter the Second World War, in the 1950s, Martell tried to resume his movie career, but he was given mainly B-movie roles. He also produced documentaries. In his last film, The Blue Moth (1959), he again appeared with Zarah Leander, albeit in a minor role.", "Q111446": "Olaf Saile (27 August 1901 - 29 June 1952) was a German writer born in Weitingen, W\u00fcrttemberg. Saile's principal claim to fame is the historical novel Kepler, Roman einer Zeitwende first published in German in Stuttgart in 1938 and many times reprinted. It is an imagined biography of the life and times of the astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler. The novel was translated into English by James A Galston and published in New York City in 1940 by Oskar Piest, under the title Troubadour of the Stars. The novel has occasionally been interpreted as a coded protest [1] against the Nazi r\u00e9gime which Saile had experienced at first hand. Following the banning of the Social Democratic Party by the Nazis, in June 1933 as editor of the newspaper Rathenower Zeitung, during the subsequent wave of arrests Olaf Saile was briefly detained in the Oranienburg Concentration Camp, during which time he was maltreated. His release was apparently secured after a friend and fellow-journalist K\u00e4the Lambert used her journalistic credentials to enter the camp and then to write a report detailing conditions there. They subsequently married. Saile died at the age of 50 and was buried in the Church of St. Bernhardt in Esslingen am Neckar. K\u00e4the Saile is buried alongside her husband.\nOther books by Olaf Saile include a novel, Und wieder wird es Sommer... (Stuttgart, Fleischhauer & Spohn, 1937), an essay on Swabia, \u00dcber den Umgang mit Schwaben, (originally 1950, reprinted Stuttgart, Theiss Verlag, 2006), and an anthology of Swabian writing: Saile, Olaf (Hrsg.), Schw\u00e4bische Erz\u00e4hler. Mit 5 St\u00e4dtebildern aus Stuttgart, Ulm u. Augsburg sowie 30 Bildnissen der Verfasser (Stuttgart, Fleischhauer & Spohn, 1.-6. Tsd., 1937)", "Q183124": "Cochabamba (Aymara: Quchapampa; Quechua: Quchapanpa) is a city and municipality in central Bolivia in a valley in the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cochabamba Department and the fourth largest city in Bolivia, with a population of 630,587 according to the 2012 Bolivian census. Its name is from a compound of the Quechua words qucha \"lake\" and pampa, \"open plain.\" Residents of the city and the surrounding areas are commonly referred to as cochalas or, more formally, cochabambinos.\nIt is known as the \"City of Eternal Spring\" or \"The Garden City\" because of its spring-like temperatures all year round. It is also known as \"La Llajta,\" which means \"town\" in Quechua.", "Q1740125": "Kevin Devine (born December 19, 1979) is an American songwriter and musician from Staten Island, New York, who is known for his introspective and political themes. He is a contemporary member of the underground indie rock and indie folk musical scenes, and his influences range from older indie artists such as Neutral Milk Hotel, Elliott Smith and Pavement to more mainstream and well known acts such as Nirvana and Bob Dylan. In 2013, Kevin Devine rejoined his previous band, Miracle of 86, for a series of reunion shows.", "Q467055": "Arie Andries \"Andre\" van der Louw (9 August 1933 \u2013 20 October 2005) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and journalist.Van der Louw worked as a civil servant for municipality of The Hague from November 1953 until October 1957. Van der Louw worked as a journalist for the VARA from October 1957 until January 1971 as a political editor from October 1957 until September 1965 and as a managing editor from September 1965 until January 1971 and also as editor-in-chief of teen magazine Hitweek from September 1965 until April 1969. Van der Louw also was active as a political activist and was one of the leaders of the New Left movement in the Netherlands which aimed to steer the Labour Party more to the Left. Van der Louw became a Member of the House of Representatives after the resignation of Ed Berg, serving from 12 January 1971 until his resignation on 1 May 1971. Van der Louw served as Chairman of the Labour Party from 1 May 1971 until 16 November 1974. In October 1974 Van der Louw was nominated as Mayor of Rotterdam, taking office on 16 November 1974. Van der Louw was appointed as Minister of Culture, Recreation and Social Work in the Cabinet Van Agt II, taking office on 11 September 1981. The Cabinet Van Agt II fell just seven months into its term on 12 May 1982 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Van Agt III on 29 May 1982. \nVan der Louw remained in active politics, in March 1983 he was nominated as Chairman of the Rijnmond Council, a direct electable sub national administrative layer between the municipalities and the provinces in the Rijnmond Area, serving from 16 April 1983 until 1 February 1986. Van der Louw also became active in the public sector and occupied numerous seats as a nonprofit director on several boards of directors and supervisory boards (Royal Dutch Football Association, Dutch Broadcast Foundation, International Architecture Biennal Rotterdam, Stichting Pensioenfonds Zorg en Welzijn, Royal Library of the Netherlands and the International Institute of Social History) and served on several state commissions and councils on behalf of the government (Advisory Council for Spatial Planning, Probation Agency, Stichting Pensioenfonds ABP, Cadastre Agency and the Council for Public Administration).", "Q97801": "Eduard Rothauser (1876\u20131956) was an Austrian-born German actor.", "Q34166": "Saul Hudson (born July 23, 1965), better known by his stage name Slash, is a British\u2013American musician and songwriter. He is the lead guitarist of the American hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Slash has received critical acclaim and is considered one of the greatest guitarists in rock history.\nIn 1993, Slash formed the side project Slash's Snakepit; four years later he left Guns N' Roses in 1996 and co-founded the supergroup Velvet Revolver, which re-established him as a mainstream performer in the mid to late 2000s. Slash has released four solo albums: Slash (2010), featuring an array of guest musicians, and Apocalyptic Love (2012), World on Fire (2014) and Living the Dream (2018) recorded with his band, Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators. He returned to Guns N' Roses in 2016.\nTime magazine named him runner-up on their list of \"The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players\" in 2009, while Rolling Stone placed him at number 65 on their list of \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" in 2011. Guitar World ranked his guitar solo in \"November Rain\" number 6 on their list of \"The 100 Greatest Guitar Solos\" in 2008, and Total Guitar placed his riff in \"Sweet Child o' Mine\" at number 1 on their list of \"The 100 Greatest Riffs\" in 2004. In 2010, Gibson Guitar Corporation ranked Slash as number 34 on their \"Top 50 Guitarists of All Time\", while their readers landed him number 9 on Gibson's \"Top 25 Guitarists of All Time\". In 2012, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N' Roses' classic lineup.", "Q532068": "Eva Winifred Golinger (born February 19, 1973) is a Venezuelan-American lawyer, writer and journalist. She practices law in New York and specializes in immigration and international law. She is the author of several books about the late Hugo Ch\u00e1vez, of whom she was an outspoken supporter, and his relationship with the US. Ch\u00e1vez called her La novia de Venezuela (\"The Girlfriend of Venezuela\"), and she served as a foreign policy advisor to his government. The National Catholic Reporter wrote that Golinger headed the \"pro-Ch\u00e1vez\" Venezuela Solidarity Committee in 2004. Her website, venezuelafoia.info, aimed to shed light on what she called links between US government agencies and Venezuelan organizations by publishing documents obtained using the US Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).As of July 2017, Golinger works as a host on RT's Spanish language television network. She previously edited the Correo del Orinoco International, a newspaper financed by the Venezuelan government, and wrote for the pro-Bolivarian Revolution website Venezuelanalysis.com.\n\n", "Q339366": "Alfred George de Glehn (15 September 1848 \u2013 8 June 1936) was a notable English-born French designer of steam locomotives and an engineer with the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Alsacienne de Constructions M\u00e9caniques (SACM). His steam engines of the 1890s combined elegance, high speed, and efficiency. De Glehn's express locomotives were first used on the Nord Railway and on the boat trains from Calais to Paris, where they impressed passengers with their speed. \n\nHe invented the Glehn system of compounding, and De Glehn types were built in large numbers in France, and were also built in smaller numbers in Belgium, Germany, New Zealand, and Russia, see Compound locomotive. Compounding lost favour from the 1900s, being replaced by superheating. However Andr\u00e9 Chapelon rebuilt many of the French De Glehn compounds from 1929 onwards.", "Q118304": "Gero von Boehm (born 20 April 1954 in Hanover; full name Kurt-Gero von Boehm-Bezing) is a German director, journalist and television presenter.\n\n", "Q44481": "Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (; French: [pj\u025b\u0281 sim\u0254\u0303 laplas]; 23 March 1749 \u2013 5 March 1827) was a French scholar and polymath whose work was important to the development of engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, and philosophy. He summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five-volume M\u00e9canique C\u00e9leste (Celestial Mechanics) (1799\u20131825). This work translated the geometric study of classical mechanics to one based on calculus, opening up a broader range of problems. In statistics, the Bayesian interpretation of probability was developed mainly by Laplace.Laplace formulated Laplace's equation, and pioneered the Laplace transform which appears in many branches of mathematical physics, a field that he took a leading role in forming. The Laplacian differential operator, widely used in mathematics, is also named after him. He restated and developed the nebular hypothesis of the origin of the Solar System and was one of the first scientists to postulate the existence of black holes and the notion of gravitational collapse.\nLaplace is remembered as one of the greatest scientists of all time. Sometimes referred to as the French Newton or Newton of France, he has been described as possessing a phenomenal natural mathematical faculty superior to that of any of his contemporaries.\nHe was Napoleon's examiner when Napoleon attended the \u00c9cole Militaire in Paris in 1784.\nLaplace became a count of the Empire in 1806 and was named a marquis in 1817, after the Bourbon Restoration.", "Q108117": "Marin County is a county located in the \u00f1orthwestern part of the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 252,409. Its county seat is San Rafael. Marin County is included in the San Francisco\u2013Oakland\u2013Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area across the Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco.\nAs of 2010, Marin County had the fifth highest income per capita in the United States at $91,483. The county is governed by the Marin County Board of Supervisors. The county is also well known for its natural environment.San Quentin State Prison is located in the county, as is George Lucas' Skywalker Ranch. Autodesk, the publisher of AutoCAD, is also located there, as well as numerous other high-tech companies. The Marin County Civic Center was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and draws thousands of visitors a year to guided tours of its arch and atrium design. In 1994, a new county jail facility was embedded into the hillside nearby. Marin County's natural sites include the Muir Woods redwood forest, the Marin Headlands, Stinson Beach, the Point Reyes National Seashore, and Mount Tamalpais.\nThe United States' oldest cross country running event, the Dipsea Race, takes place annually in Marin County, attracting thousands of athletes. Mountain biking was invented on the slopes of Mount Tamalpais in Marin.", "Q450821": "Tanya Reinhart (Hebrew: \u05d8\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d8\u200e; July 1943 \u2013 March 17, 2007) was an Israeli linguist who wrote frequently on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. She contributed columns to the Israeli newspaper Yediot Aharonot and longer articles to the CounterPunch, Znet, and Israeli Indymedia websites.", "Q534419": "Walter Anthony Murphy Jr. (born December 19, 1952) is an American composer, arranger, pianist, musician, songwriter, and record producer. He is best known for the instrumental \"A Fifth of Beethoven\", a disco adaptation of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony which topped the charts in 1976 and was featured on the Saturday Night Fever soundtrack in 1977. Further classical\u2013disco fusions followed, such as \"Flight '76\", \"Rhapsody in Blue\", \"Toccata and Funk in 'D' Minor\", \"Bolero\", and \"Mostly Mozart\", but were not as successful.\nIn a career spanning nearly five decades, Murphy has written music for numerous films and TV shows, including The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, The Savage Bees, Stingray, Wiseguy, The Commish, Profit, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Looney Tunes, and How Murray Saved Christmas. He has had a long-running partnership with Seth MacFarlane, composing music for his films and TV shows such as Family Guy, The Cleveland Show, American Dad!, Ted, and Ted 2.", "Q1950": "Alberto Tomba (born 19 December 1966 in San Lazzaro di Savena) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from Italy. He was the dominant technical skier (slalom and giant slalom) in the late 1980s and 1990s. At 6 ft tall and 90 kg, his powerful build was a contrast to the lighter, more traditional technical skiers who prioritised agility over muscle. Tomba was able to take advantage of the introduction of spring-loaded ski gates which replaced the older, solid gates in the early 1980s by using his power to maintain a faster, more direct line through courses. Tomba won three Olympic gold medals, two World Championships, and nine World Cup season titles: four in slalom, four in giant slalom, and one overall title. He was popularly called Tomba la Bomba (\"Tomba the Bomb\").", "Q264707": "William Reeves Eason (October 2, 1886 \u2013 June 9, 1956), known as B. Reeves Eason, was an American film director, actor and screenwriter. His directorial output was limited mainly to low-budget westerns and action pictures, but it was as a second-unit director and action specialist that he was best known. He was famous for staging spectacular battle scenes in war films and action scenes in large-budget westerns, but he acquired the nickname \"Breezy\" for his \"breezy\" attitude towards safety while staging his sequences\u2014during the famous cavalry charge at the end of Charge of the Light Brigade (1936), so many horses were killed or injured so severely that they had to be euthanized that both the public and Hollywood itself were outraged, resulting in the selection of the American Humane Society by the beleaguered studios to provide representatives on the sets of all films using animals to ensure their safety.", "Q236727": "Susan Elizabeth George (born February 26, 1949) is an American writer of mystery novels set in Great Britain.\nShe is best known for a series of novels featuring Inspector Thomas Lynley, twenty in number as of 2018. The first eleven were adapted for television by the BBC as earlier episodes of The Inspector Lynley Mysteries.", "Q1969838": "Everett Joseph \"Vic\" Firth (June 2, 1930 \u2013 July 26, 2015) was an American musician and the founder of Vic Firth Company (formerly Vic Firth, Inc.), a company that makes percussion sticks and mallets.", "Q123392": "Eric S. Nylund (born November 12, 1964) is an American novelist and professional technical writer. His wife, Syne Mitchell, is also a science fiction writer. He holds a B.Sc. in chemistry from the University of California, Santa Barbara and an M.Sc. in chemical physics from the University of California, San Diego. He lives in North Bend, Washington with his wife, Syne, and his son, Kai Nylund.\nNylund is the author of three novels set in the Halo universe: Halo: The Fall of Reach, Halo: First Strike, and Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, as well as a short story in Halo: Evolutions and the graphic novel Halo Wars: Genesis. He is employed as a writer for Microsoft Game Studios. His duties include the development of story bibles and other such fictional assets, the preparation of materials for marketing, and coordination with Microsoft localization, legal, and geopolitical departments.\nIn the 1990s he was hired by Microsoft to help rewrite and edit portions of Microsoft's multi-media encyclopedia. Since then, he has written several novels based on Microsoft-published games, including the aforementioned Halo novels, and Crimson Skies, which was written collaboratively with Eric S. Trautmann.\nNylund has written many original novels as well, including Signal to Noise, A Signal Shattered and Dry Water.\nHe has recently finished All That Lives Must Die, the sequel to Mortal Coils. Mortal Coils and All That Lives Must Die are books 1 and 2 in a proposed 5 book series. Publisher Tor Books has yet to officially purchase the next novel What Fools These Mortals, which is currently being written by Nylund. As of July 2013, no word has been publicly given on the status of the Mortal Coils series.", "Q36771": "Herman Heijermans (3 December 1864 \u2013 22 November 1924), was a Dutch writer.\nHeijermans was born in Rotterdam, into a liberal Jewish family, the fifth of the 11 children of Herman Heijermans Sr. and Matilda Moses Spiers. In the Algemeen Handelsblad daily, he published a series of sketches of Jewish family life under the pseudonym of Samuel Falkland, which were collected in volume form. His novels and tales include Trinette (1892), Fles (1893), Kamertjeszonde (2 vols, 1896), Interieurs (1897), Diamantstad (2 vols, 1903). He created great interest by his play Op Hoop van Zegen (1900), an indictment of the exploitation of sea fishermen in the Netherlands at the turn of the century, represented at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Antoine in Paris, and in English by the Stage Society as The Good Hope.\nHis other plays are: Dora Kremer (1893), Ghetto (1898), Het zevende Gebod (1899), Het Pantser (1901), Ora et labora (1901), and numerous one-act pieces. A Case of Arson, an English version of the one-act play Brand in de Jonge Jan, was notable for the impersonation (1904 and 1905) by Henri de Vries of all the seven witnesses who appear as characters.\nHeijermans died in Zandvoort at age 59, and is buried at Zorgvlied cemetery.", "Q298": "Chile ( (listen), ; Spanish: [\u02c8t\u0283ile]), officially the Republic of Chile (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de Chile ), is a major South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fern\u00e1ndez, Salas y G\u00f3mez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica under the Chilean Antarctic Territory.\nThe arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile contains great mineral wealth, principally copper and lithium. The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources, and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands, and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands.Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule in the north and centre, but failing to conquer the independent Mapuche who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. After declaring its independence from Spain in 1818, Chile emerged in the 1830s as a relatively stable authoritarian republic. In the 19th century, Chile saw significant economic and territorial growth, ending Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific (1879\u201383) after defeating Peru and Bolivia. In the 1960s and 1970s, the country experienced severe left-right political polarization and turmoil. This development culminated with the 1973 Chilean coup d'\u00e9tat that overthrew Salvador Allende's democratically elected left-wing Marxist government and instituted a 16-year-long right-wing military dictatorship that left more than 3,000 people dead or missing. The regime, headed by Augusto Pinochet, ended in 1990 after it lost a referendum in 1988 and was succeeded by a center-left coalition which ruled through four presidencies until 2010.\nThe modern sovereign state of Chile is among South America's most economically and socially stable and prosperous nations, with a high-income economy and high living standards. It leads Latin American nations in rankings of human development, competitiveness, income per capita, globalization, state of peace, economic freedom, and low perception of corruption. It also ranks high regionally in sustainability of the state, and democratic development. Currently it also has the lowest homicide rate in the Americas after Canada. Chile is a founding member of the United Nations, the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) and the Pacific Alliance, and joined the OECD in 2010.", "Q561356": "Kevin Edward Allen (born 15 September 1959) is an English film director, screenwriter, film producer and actor. Allen came to prominence with the BBC film \"On the March with Bobby's Army\", and for writing and directing his debut feature movie, the Welsh cult classic Twin Town. He directed and co-wrote the movie adaptation of Dylan Thomas' \"Under Milk Wood\", submitted for Best Foreign Language Film at the 2015 Oscars ceremony but not nominated, the Hollywood feature films, The Big Tease and Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London, and the first series of ITV's Benidorm, along with numerous other films and documentaries.\nAllen played a key role in assisting Swansea City Council's 2017 bid to become the 2021 UK City of Culture. He is often cited as a figure in the Cool Cymru era.", "Q527303": "Michael C. Lerner (born June 22, 1941) is an American actor. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Barton Fink (1991). Lerner has also played Arnold Rothstein in Eight Men Out (1988), Phil Gillman in Amos & Andrew (1993), Mayor Ebert in Roland Emmerich's Godzilla (1998), Mr. Greenway in Elf (2003), and Senator Brickman in X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014).", "Q188071": "Fritz Hen\u00dfler (born April 12, 1886 in Altensteig; died December 4, 1953 in Witten) was a German Social Democratic politician.\nHen\u00dfler joined the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in 1905. He became managing editor of the Westf\u00e4lische Allgemeine Volkszeitung, the Social Democratic party organ in the Westphalia region. From 1920 to 1933 Hen\u00dfler was leader of the SPD branch Dortmund and from 1922 to 1933 chairman of the SPD in the district \"Western Westphalia\". In 1930 he was elected into the Reichstag.\nAfter the NSDAP came to power, Hen\u00dfler had to give up his public offices. He was arrested by the Gestapo in 1936 and was sentenced to one year in the prison Steinwache. However, instead of being released after one year, Hen\u00dfler was sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1937, where he was interned until 1945. He survived the Death march to Mecklenburg in April and May 1945.\nHen\u00dfler continued his political activities after the war. From 1946 to 1953 he was chairman of the SPD group in the state parliament of Northrhine-Westphalia and at the same time Mayor of Dortmund. He was elected into the Bundestag in 1949 and into the European Parliament in 1952.\nLong-term effects of concentration camp imprisonment had weakened his health. In 1953 Hen\u00dfler rejected to again run for the Bundestag and he rejected the position as second federal chairman of the SPD. He collapsed at a conference in November 1953 and died on December 4, 1953.", "Q560048": "Stephan Micus (; born January 19, 1953) is a German classical and world musician and composer whose musical style is heavily influenced by his study of traditional instruments and musical techniques from Japan, India, South America, and other countries around the world. With the exception of his album The Music of Stones (1989), he plays all of the instruments on his recordings, combining styles from different countries and using the instruments in unprecedented ways in each of his pieces. He often uses layers of a single instrument to create unusual combinations of sounds. He is one of the only ECM Records artists whose records are not produced by Manfred Eicher. He has mixed instruments from around the world, or used whatever was at hand: stones, ordinary flowerpots tuned with water, and his voice\u2014singing improvised syllables over ten years before others made this approach fashionable.\nMicus has played bagpipes, Japanese bamboo flute, rabab, steel drums, and zither.", "Q61629": "Uwe Timm (born 30 March 1940 in Hamburg) is a German writer.", "Q463233": "Sir Laurens Jan van der Post, CBE (13 December 1906 \u2013 16 December 1996), was a 20th-century South African Afrikaner author, farmer, soldier, political adviser to British heads of government, close friend of Prince Charles, godfather of Prince William, educator, journalist, humanitarian, philosopher, explorer and conservationist.", "Q240869": "Adrian Sean Grenier (born July 10, 1976) is an American actor, producer, director, musician and environmentalist. He is best known for playing Vincent Chase in the television series Entourage (2004\u20132011). He has appeared in films such as Drive Me Crazy (1999), The Devil Wears Prada (2006) and Trash Fire (2016).", "Q1702316": "Johnny Richard Duncan (October 5, 1938 \u2013 August 14, 2006) was an American country music singer, best known for a string of hits in the mid- to late 1970s. In his career, he released 14 studio albums, including thirteen on Columbia Records. These albums produced more than 30 chart singles, with three of those reaching number one: \"Thinkin' of a Rendezvous\", \"It Couldn't Have Been Any Better\", and \"She Can Put Her Shoes Under my Bed (Anytime)\" from 1976, 1977, and 1978, respectively. Seven more of his singles were top-10 hits.\n\n", "Q76355": "Christoffer Gabel (6 January 1617 \u2013 13 October 1673) was a Danish statesman.", "Q237439": "Paula Seling (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8pa.ula \u02c8seli\u014b\u0261], born 25 December 1978) is a Romanian singer, songwriter, record producer, DJ, and television personality. Raised in Baia Mare, she attended Gheorghe \u0218incai National College and later moved to Bucharest to pursue a career in music.\nShe has released more than thirteen albums (including three Christmas albums) and over twenty singles, including two top-ten hits in the Romanian Top 100, a minor European hit which entered the charts in Finland and Norway, as well as the UK Singles Chart, and held a good position on Starcount the worldwide chart of popularity.Paula is trilingual and speaks, writes and performs in French, English and Romanian; additionally, she performs in Italian. She has also provided the Romanian voice in Cars 2, for Holley Shiftwell. She is an outspoken supporter of personal freedom, individual rights and human rights.\nPaula represented Romania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010, together with Ovidiu Cern\u0103u\u021beanu, with the song \"Playing with Fire\". They finished third in the finals. She then participated in Dansez Pentru Tine (Romanian \"Dancing with the Stars\") where she finished third.\nStarting October 2011, Seling was a juror and mentor in the Romanian X Factor. In 2011 she collaborated with Al Bano and Plan D.\nIn 2011/2012 she sang a song called \"I'll Show You\" with Alexander Rybak. The song, written by Rybak, premiered on 30 May 2012.\nIn 2012, she was chosen by Walt Disney to record the song \"My Spirit Flies\" (\"Chiar pot zbura\"), for the Pixar Academy Award-winning animation Brave.", "Q444840": "Mary Veronica Gauthier ( GOH-shay; born March 11, 1962) is a Grammy Nominated American folk singer-songwriter.", "Q925823": "Richard Frank Hyland (July 26, 1900 \u2013 July 16, 1981) was an American rugby union player who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the American rugby union team, which won the gold medal.Hyland also played college football at Stanford University, and went on to become a sportswriter for the Los Angeles Times.", "Q270766": "Teresa Stratas, OC (born May 26, 1938 in Toronto, Ontario), is a retired operatic soprano from Canada of Greek descent. She is especially well known for her award-winning recording of Alban Berg's Lulu.", "Q181727": "William Gannaway \"Parson\" Brownlow (August 29, 1805 \u2013 April 29, 1877) was an American newspaper publisher, Methodist minister, book author, prisoner of war, lecturer, and politician. He served as Governor of Tennessee from 1865 to 1869 and as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1869 to 1875. Brownlow rose to prominence in the late 1830s and early 1840s as editor of the Whig, a polemical newspaper in East Tennessee that promoted Whig Party ideals and opposed secession in the years leading up to the American Civil War. Brownlow's uncompromising and radical viewpoints made him one of the most divisive figures in Tennessee political history and one of the most controversial Reconstruction Era politicians of the United States.\nBeginning his career as a Methodist circuit rider in the 1820s, Brownlow was both censured and praised by his superiors for his vicious verbal debates with rival missionaries of other sectarian Christian beliefs. Later, as a newspaper publisher and editor, he was notorious for his relentless personal attacks against his religious and political opponents, sometimes to the point of being physically assaulted. At the same time, William was successfully building a large base of fiercely loyal subscribers.Brownlow returned to Tennessee in 1863 and in 1865 became the war governor with the U.S. Army behind him. He joined the Radical Republicans and spent much of his term opposing the policies of his longtime political foe Andrew Johnson. His gubernatorial policies, which were both autocratic and progressive, helped Tennessee become the first former Confederate state to be readmitted to the Union in 1866, \"exempting it from the lengthy federal military reconstruction inflicted on most of the South\".Brownlow's policy of utilizing the Tennessee state government to enfranchise African-American former male slaves with the right to vote and to qualify as candidates for public offices in Tennessee elections soon after the Civil War gave impetus to the rise of the first era of the Ku Klux Klan by disenfranchised ex-Confederate political leaders and military officers.\n\n", "Q19786": "The Old Testament (abbreviated OT) is the first part of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the twenty-four books of the Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh), a collection of ancient religious Hebrew writings by the Israelites believed by most Christians and religious Jews to be the sacred Word of God. The second part of Christian Bibles is the New Testament, written in the Koine Greek language.\nThe books that compose the Old Testament canon, as well as their order and names, differ between Christian denominations. The Catholic canon comprises 46 books, the canons of the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches comprise up to 49 books, and the most common Protestant canon comprises 39 books. The 39 books in common to all the Christian canons correspond to the 24 books of the Tanakh, with some differences of order, and there are some differences in text. The additional number reflects the splitting of several texts (Kings, Samuel and Chronicles, Ezra\u2013Nehemiah and the Twelve Minor Prophets) into separate books in Christian bibles.\nThe books that are part of the Christian Old Testament but that are not part of the Hebrew canon are sometimes described as deuterocanonical. In general, Protestant Bibles do not include the deuterocanonical books in their canon, but some versions of Anglican and Lutheran bibles place such books in a separate section called Apocrypha. These extra books are ultimately derived from the earlier Greek Septuagint collection of the Hebrew scriptures and are also Jewish in origin. Some are also contained in the Dead Sea Scrolls.\nThe Old Testament consists of many distinct books by various authors produced over a period of centuries. Christians traditionally divide the Old Testament into four sections: (1) the first five books or Pentateuch (Torah); (2) the history books telling the history of the Israelites, from their conquest of Canaan to their defeat and exile in Babylon; (3) the poetic and \"Wisdom books\" dealing, in various forms, with questions of good and evil in the world; and (4) the books of the biblical prophets, warning of the consequences of turning away from God.\n\n", "Q229613": "Carlos Gardel (born Charles Romuald Gard\u00e8s; 11 December 1890 \u2013 24 June 1935) was a French Argentine singer, songwriter, composer and actor, and the most prominent figure in the history of tango. Gardel's baritone voice and the dramatic phrasing of his lyrics made miniature masterpieces of his hundreds of three-minute tango recordings. Together with lyricist and long-time collaborator Alfredo Le Pera, Gardel wrote several classic tangos.\nGardel died in an airplane crash at the height of his career, becoming an archetypal tragic hero mourned throughout Latin America. For many, Gardel embodies the soul of the tango style. He is commonly referred to as \"Carlitos\", \"El Zorzal\" (\"The Song thrush\"), \"The King of Tango\", \"El Mago\" (The Wizard), \"El Morocho del Abasto\" (The Brunette boy from Abasto), and ironically \"El Mudo\" (The Mute).", "Q70730": "Arovane is the recording name of German electronic music artist Uwe Zahn (born 1965 in Hameln, Germany). He also releases under the moniker Nedjev.\n\n", "Q123386": "Isabelle de Charri\u00e8re (20 October 1740 \u2013 27 December 1805), known as Belle van Zuylen in the Netherlands, n\u00e9e Isabella Agneta Elisabeth van Tuyll van Serooskerken, and [Madame] Isabelle de Charri\u00e8re elsewhere, was a Dutch and Swiss writer of the Enlightenment who lived the latter half of her life in Colombier, Neuch\u00e2tel. She is now best known for her letters and novels, although she also wrote pamphlets, music and plays. She took a keen interest in the society and politics of her age, and her work around the time of the French Revolution is regarded as being of particular interest.", "Q561342": "R\u00e9mi Ochlik (16 October 1983 \u2013 22 February 2012) was a French photojournalist who was known for his photographs of war and conflict in Haiti and the Arab Spring revolutions. Ochlik died in the February 2012 bombardment of Homs during the 2011\u20132012 Syrian uprising along with veteran war correspondent Marie Colvin.", "Q706375": "John Russell Young (November 20, 1840 \u2013 January 17, 1899) was an American journalist, author, diplomat, and the seventh Librarian of the United States Congress from 1897 to 1899. He was invited by Ulysses S. Grant to accompany him on a world tour for purposes of recording the two-year journey, which he published in a two-volume work.\n\n", "Q322034": "Alexander Cumming (sometimes referred to as Alexander Cummings) FRSE (1733 \u20138 March 1814) was a Scottish watchmaker and instrument inventor, who was the first to patent a design of the flush toilet in 1775, which had been pioneered by Sir John Harrington, but without solving the problem of foul smells. As well as improving the flush mechanism, Cummings included an S-trap (or bend) to retain water permanently within the waste pipe, thus preventing sewer gases from entering buildings. Most modern flush toilets still include a similar trap.", "Q444698": "Operation Paperclip was a secret program of the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA) largely carried out by special agents of Army CIC, in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians, such as Wernher von Braun and his V-2 rocket team, were taken from Germany to the United States, for U.S. government employment, primarily between 1945 and 1959. Many were former members, and some were former leaders, of the Nazi Party.The primary purpose for Operation Paperclip was U.S. military advantage in the Soviet\u2013American Cold War, and the Space Race. The Soviet Union was more aggressive in forcibly recruiting more than 2,200 German specialists\u2014a total of more than 6,000 people including family members\u2014with Operation Osoaviakhim during one night on October 22, 1946.The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) established the first secret recruitment program, called Operation Overcast, on July 20, 1945, initially \"to assist in shortening the Japanese war and to aid our postwar military research\". The term \"Overcast\" was the name first given by the German scientists' family members for the housing camp where they were held in Bavaria. In late summer 1945, the JCS established the JIOA, a subcommittee of the Joint Intelligence Community, to directly oversee Operation Overcast and later Operation Paperclip. The JIOA representatives included the army's director of intelligence, the chief of naval intelligence, the assistant chief of Air Staff-2 (air force intelligence), and a representative from the State Department. In November 1945, Operation Overcast was renamed Operation Paperclip by Ordnance Corps (United States Army) officers, who would attach a paperclip to the folders of those rocket experts whom they wished to employ in America.In a secret directive circulated on September 3, 1946, President Truman officially approved Operation Paperclip and expanded it to include one thousand German scientists under \"temporary, limited military custody\".", "Q79072": "Ernst Fischer (3 July 1899 \u2013 31 July 1972), also known under the pseudonyms Ernst Peter Fischer, Peter Wieden, Pierre Vidal, and Der Miesmacher, was a Bohemian-born Austrian journalist, writer and politician.", "Q62334": "Ulrich Plenzdorf (26 October 1934 \u2013 9 August 2007) was a German author and dramatist.", "Q1241972": "Donald Ray Fritts (November 8, 1942 \u2013 August 27, 2019) was an American session musician and songwriter. A recording artist in his own right, he was Kris Kristofferson's keyboardist for over forty years. In 2008, he was inducted into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame.", "Q441938": "Margaret Ellen \"Peggy\" Noonan (born September 7, 1950) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American author, weekly columnist for The Wall Street Journal, and contributor to NBC News and ABC News. She was a primary speechwriter and Special Assistant to President Ronald Reagan from 1984 to 1986 and has maintained a center-right leaning in her writings since leaving the Reagan administration. Five of Noonan's books have been New York Times bestsellers. \nNoonan was nominated for an Emmy Award for her work on America: A Tribute to Heroes. She has also been widely recognized for her appearances on ABC's This Week and NBC's Meet The Press.", "Q72127": "SS-Oberf\u00fchrer Ernst Boepple (November 30, 1887, Betzingen \u2013 December 15, 1950, Krak\u00f3w) was a Nazi official and SS officer, serving as deputy to Josef B\u00fchler in occupied Poland during World War II and the Holocaust, who was executed for war crimes.", "Q118310": "Marina Carobbio Guscetti (born 12 June 1966 in Bellinzona, Ticino) is a Swiss politician of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (DPS) of which she has been the vice-chairwoman since March 1st, 2008. She was the president of the National Council in 2018\u20132019 and became a Councillor of States in December 2019.", "Q1689443": "Jimmy Thackery (born May 19, 1953, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States) is an American blues singer, guitarist and songwriter.", "Q185541": "Brixen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8br\u026aksn\u0329]; Italian: Bressanone [bressa\u02c8no\u02d0ne]; Ladin: Porsen\u00f9 or Persenon) is a town in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Bolzano.\n\n", "Q274500": "Sarah Dunant (born 8 August 1950) is a British novelist, journalist, broadcaster, and critic. She is married with two daughters, and lives in London and Florence.", "Q117023": "Alicia S\u00e1nchez-Camacho P\u00e9rez (born 22 April 1967) is a Spanish lawyer and politician. She has served as the President of the People's Party in Catalonia since 6 July 2008.S\u00e1nchez-Camacho was born to Manchego and Extremaduran parents in Blanes. Her father was a Guardia Civil officer.S\u00e1nchez-Camacho was elected as a deputy for the Province of Girona in the Catalan parliamentary elections of 1999 and 2003. She was also elected as the Deputy for Barcelona Province in the Spanish general election of 2004. On 16 April 2008, S\u00e1nchez-Camacho was appointed by the Parliament of Catalonia to replace Daniel Sirera as one of its eight representatives in the Spanish Senate.Following the People's Party's poor performance in Catalonia at the 2008 Spanish general election, Daniel Sirera reluctantly resigned as its regional chairman under pressure from the party's national leader, Mariano Rajoy. S\u00e1nchez-Camacho was Rajoy's chosen candidate for the regional chairmanship. She was challenged by Montserrat Nebrera, who ran on a more liberal-minded platform. Despite having the backing of the national leadership, S\u00e1nchez-Camacho polled a lower-than-expected 56% in winning the run-off election.Ahead of the 2010 Catalan parliamentary election, S\u00e1nchez-Camacho took the unusual step in Spanish politics of setting up the country's tolerance of high immigration as a key campaign topic. Again, in 2013 and 2017, she was involved in the \"Camargate\" case, where she recorded a conversation with the objective of incriminating Catalan sovereignist parties and politicians in 2010.", "Q45953": "Ann Marie Buerkle ( BUR-k\u0259l; n\u00e9e Colella; born May 8, 1951) is an American nurse, attorney, and politician. She has served as a commissioner of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) since July 2013 and became the agency's acting chairman in February 2017. Buerkle was an Assistant New York State Attorney General from 1997 through 2010. She served as U.S. Representative for the New York's 25th congressional district, elected in 2010 in an upset of a Democratic incumbent. In a rematch of her 2010 contest, Buerkle was defeated by former Congressman Dan Maffei. She is a member of the Republican Party.", "Q565124": "Frank Baumgartl (29 May 1955 \u2013 26 August 2010) was an East German track and field athlete, who specialised in the 3000 meters steeplechase. He was born in Bad Schlema.\nAt the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal Frank Baumgartl won the Olympic bronze medal in a new personal best time of 8:10.36 minutes. Approaching the last obstacle, he was just behind Anders G\u00e4rderud of Sweden, who was in the lead. Baumgartl seemed even about to pass G\u00e4rderud. However, as Baumgartl was about to challenge G\u00e4rderud for the gold medal, he misjudged the steeple barrier and fell. Baumgartl was then passed by Bronis\u0142aw Malinowski, a veteran steeplechaser, who took the silver (Malinowski also won the gold in Moscow 1980 Olympic steeplechase) medal. Baumgartl recovered, and took the bronze medal. Baumgartl's time remained his career best, and places him third on the German all-time performers list behind Damian Kallabis and Hagen Melzer.Baumgartl never became East German champion. He competed for the sports club SC Karl-Marx-Stadt during his active career. He died in Lake Como, Italy, on 26 August 2010 during a cycling tour from cardiac arrest.", "Q264713": "Cathleen Nesbitt (24 November 1888 \u2013 2 August 1982) was an English actress of stage, film and television.", "Q326252": "Robert Bodanzky, also known as Danton (18 March 1879 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary as Isidor Bodanskie \u2013 2 November 1923 in Berlin, Germany), was an Austrian journalist, playwright, poet and artist. While he became famous for his apolitical poems before World War I, he turned an anarchist communist afterwards, writing political essays, plays and poems. He was the brother of the opera conductor Artur Bodanzky.", "Q441086": "Gianni Baget Bozzo (8 March 1925 \u2013 8 May 2009) was an Italian Catholic priest and politician.\nBaget Bozzo was born in Savona and raised in Genoa where he graduated in law. At one-time Christian-Democrat activist, in 1984 he was elected at the European Parliament for the Italian Socialist Party and from 1994 he had been a member of Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia party. In theology he was a follower of Joseph Ratzinger's theories.\nBozzo died in Genoa, aged 84.", "Q995138": "Bryanston School is a co-educational independent school for day and boarding pupils, located next to the village of Bryanston, and near the town of Blandford Forum, in Dorset in South West England. It was founded in 1928. It occupies a palatial country house designed and built in 1889\u201394 by Richard Norman Shaw, the champion of a renewed academic tradition, for Viscount Portman, the owner of large tracts in the West End of London, in the early version of neo-Georgian style that Sir Edwin Lutyens called \"Wrenaissance\", to replace an earlier house, and is set in 400 acres (1.6 km2).\nBryanston is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the Eton Group. It has a reputation as a liberal and artistic school using some ideas of the Dalton Plan.", "Q129873": "The Tenant (French: Le locataire) is a 1976 French psychological horror film directed by Roman Polanski, starring Polanski, Isabelle Adjani, Melvyn Douglas, and Shelley Winters. It is based upon the 1964 novel Le locataire chim\u00e9rique by Roland Topor and is the last film in Polanski's \"Apartment Trilogy\", following Repulsion and Rosemary's Baby. It was entered into the 1976 Cannes Film Festival. The film had a total of 534,637 admissions in France.\n\n", "Q1652521": "H\u00fcsn\u00fc \u00d6zye\u011fin (born 1944) is a Turkish billionaire. He founded Finansbank in 1987 and later sold the Turkish division of the bank. Nowadays, his financial investments are managed under Fiba Holding while non-financial investments are managed under Fina Holding.", "Q101127": "Adolf Bauser (11 December 1880 in Entringen, W\u00fcrttemberg \u2013 16 November 1948 in Stuttgart) was a German teacher, member of the Reichstag for the Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflation and delegate for the Christian Democratic Union in the Landtag of W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden.\nBauser came to politics in the German Empire as a member of the Progressive People's Party and following the establishment of the Weimar Republic he switched to the German Democratic Party. However, as a response to the inflation in the Weimar Republic Bauser, in 1923, became a founder member of the Sparerbundes f\u00fcr das Deutsche Reich, a pressure group for professionals hit by inflation. In August 1926 this group established the Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflation (commonly known as VRP from its other name Volksrechtpartei) and Bauer was appointed party chairman. The group sought greater influence for its members in order to force revaluation.On 10 June 1929 Bauser was appointed to the Landtag des freien Volksstaats W\u00fcrttemberg following a judgement of court, remaining a member until April 1932. At the Reichstag election in July 1932 he became the only VRP member to be elected to the national parliament after the party concluded a pact with the Christian Social People's Service. After losing his seat that November Bauser spent the remainder of the Weimar period in an unsuccessful attempt at building a united party of the centre. Little is known of Bauser's life under the Nazi Party although he was dismissed from his teaching post in 1939.Following the overthrow of the Nazis Bauser became director of the P\u00e4dagogischen Instituts in Stuttgart in 1945. He returned to politics in 1947 as a leading figure in the Zentralverbands der Fliegergesch\u00e4digten, Evakuierten und W\u00e4hrungsgesch\u00e4digten (ZVF) and was involved in publishing the ZVF magazine Selbsthilfe. He represented the CDU in the Landtag of W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden from its formation in 1946 until his death in 1948.", "Q23368": "Christopher Francis Patten, Baron Patten of Barnes, (Chinese: \u5f6d\u5b9a\u5eb7; born 12 May 1944) is a British politician who served as the 28th and last Governor of Hong Kong from 1992 to 1997 and Chairman of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1992. He was made a life peer in 2005 and has been Chancellor of the University of Oxford since 2003.\nRaised in west London, Patten studied history at Balliol College, Oxford. Shortly after graduating in 1965, he began working for the Conservative Party. Patten was elected Member of Parliament for Bath in 1979. He was appointed Secretary of State for the Environment by Margaret Thatcher in 1989 as part of her third ministry, becoming responsible for implementation of the unpopular poll tax. On John Major's succession as Prime Minister in 1990, Patten became Chairman of the Conservative Party and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. As party chairman, he successfully orchestrated a Conservative electoral victory in 1992, but unexpectedly lost his own seat.\nPatten was then appointed the last governor of Hong Kong, to oversee the final years of British administration in the colony and prepare for its transfer to China in 1997. During his tenure, his government significantly expanded the territory's social welfare programmes and introduced democratic reforms to the electoral system.After his governorship, Patten led the Independent Commission on Policing for Northern Ireland, a major implementation step of the Northern Ireland peace process pursuant to the Good Friday Agreement from 1998 to 1999. He was European Commissioner for External Relations from 1999 to 2004 and Chairman of the BBC Trust from 2011 to 2014.", "Q119768": "Hanna Johansen, born Hanna Margarete Meyer (17 June 1939 in Bremen), is a Swiss writer.\nShe studied classical philology, education and German studies at the Universities of Marburg and G\u00f6ttingen. From 1967 to 1969 she lived in Ithaca, New York, and in 1972 she moved with her then husband Adolf Muschg to Kilchberg, Zurich, where she still lives today.\nJohansen began her literary career as a translator of American avant garde authors, and soon moved on to original work, particularly stories for children. She published her first novel in 1978. She is a member of PEN Switzerland and of the Deutschen Akademie f\u00fcr Sprache und Dichtung in Darmstadt.", "Q272617": "Anne Geddes, MNZM (born 13 September 1956) is an Australian-born photographer, currently living and working in New York.\nGeddes' books have been published in 83 countries. According to Amazon.com, she has sold more than 18 million books and 13 million calendars. In 1997, Cedco Publishing sold more than 1.8 million calendars and date books bearing Geddes' photography. Her debut book, in 1996, Down in the Garden, made it to the New York Times Bestseller List. Her books have been translated into 23 different languages.\n\n", "Q431561": "Viktor Palokaj (born March 18, 1981), known professionally as Unikkatil (stylized as UniKKatil), is an Albanian rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer who lives in Bronx, New York. He was born in Prishtina, Kosovo and his origin is from Ka\u00e7inar, Mirdit\u00eb. With all messages which he expresses during his songs, he is considered to be the greatest Albanian rapper of all time.", "Q192983": "TVXQ (stylized as TVXQ!), an initialism for Tong Vfang Xien Qi (Chinese: \u6771\u65b9\u795e\u8d77), is a South Korean pop duo consisting of U-Know Yunho and Max Changmin. They are known as Tohoshinki (\u6771\u65b9\u795e\u8d77, T\u014dh\u014dshinki) in Japanese releases, and are sometimes referred to as DBSK, an abbreviation of their Korean name Dong Bang Shin Ki (Korean: \ub3d9\ubc29\uc2e0\uae30). Their name roughly translates to \"Rising Gods of the East\".Formed by S.M. Entertainment in 2003, TVXQ began as a five-member boy band composed of members U-Know Yunho, Max Changmin, Hero Jaejoong, Micky Yoochun, and Xiah Junsu. They were immediately launched to mainstream recognition following the release of their first physical single \"Hug\" (2004), which peaked at number four on the MIAK monthly music chart. Their first studio albums Tri-Angle (2004) and Rising Sun (2005) were both top sellers, pushing the band's popularity beyond Korea. Under Avex, TVXQ entered the Japanese market with their first Japanese album Heart, Mind and Soul (2006), but it was met with limited success.\nTVXQ rose to international prominence in the late 2000s, after the group achieved critical acclaim in the Korean music industry for their best-selling albums \"O\"-Jung.Ban.Hap. (2006) and Mirotic (2008), both winning the Golden Disk Award for Album of the Year. The latter album also contains the pop hit \"Mirotic\", touted by international music critics as a staple song of K-pop. With four chart-topping singles, TVXQ gained widespread media attention in Japan following the release of their fourth Japanese album The Secret Code (2009). However, despite their commercial success, the group plunged into legal turmoil and internal conflict when members Jaejoong, Yoochun, and Junsu attempted to split from their Korean agency S.M. Entertainment. Prior to the trio's departure in 2010, TVXQ released their last Japanese album as a quintet, Best Selection 2010, which became the group's first album to top the Oricon Albums Chart. The album spawned two platinum-selling singles, including the long-running hit \"Share the World\".\nAfter a year-long hiatus, TVXQ returned as a duo with remaining members Yunho and Changmin. They released TVXQ's fifth Korean album Keep Your Head Down (2011), topping album charts in most major Asian markets upon release. Their first two Japanese albums as a duo, Tone (2011) and Time (2013), solidified their success in Japan as it forged TVXQ's reputation as one of the top-touring artists in the country. Their eighth Japanese album With (2014) made TVXQ the first and only foreign music act in Japan to have four number-one albums in a row.\nSelling over 10 million physical records in the first 10 years of their career, TVXQ have become one of Asia's most successful music acts of their generation. They are often referred to as \"Asia's Stars\" and the \"Kings of K-pop\" for their immense success and contributions to the Hallyu. According to the Oricon, TVXQ have the most number-one singles and albums for a foreign artist in Japan, and are also Japan's best-selling foreign artist in CD singles of all time. Their Time Tour, one of the highest-grossing concert tours of 2013, broke attendance records for foreign singers in Japan until 2017, when TVXQ broke that same record with their Begin Again Tour. TVXQ are the first non-Japanese Asian artists to headline a nationwide five-Dome tour and the first foreign artists to headline the Nissan Stadium. Billboard has described the group as \"K-pop royalty\".", "Q440398": "Mary \"Moll\" Davis (also Davies or Davys; ca. 1648 \u2013 1708) was a seventeenth-century entertainer and courtesan, singer, and actress who became one of the many mistresses of King Charles II of England.", "Q178382": "J\u016brmala (Latvian pronunciation: [ju\u02d0rmala] (listen) \"seaside\") is a city in Latvia, about 25 kilometres (16 miles) west of Riga. J\u016brmala is a resort town stretching 32 km (20 miles) and sandwiched between the Gulf of Riga and the Lielupe River. It has a 33 km (21 miles) stretch of white-sand beach, and a population of 49,325 in 2019, making it the fifth largest city in Latvia.\nWhile Latvia was part of the Soviet Union, J\u016brmala was a favorite holiday-resort and tourist destination for high-level Communist Party officials, particularly Leonid Brezhnev and Nikita Khrushchev. Although it has many amenities such as beach-houses and concrete hotels remain, some have fallen into disrepair. J\u016brmala remains a tourist attraction with long beaches facing the Gulf of Riga and romantic wooden houses in the Art Nouveau style.", "Q42782": "Legnano (Italian pronunciation: [le\u0272\u02c8\u0272a\u02d0no]; Legnanese: Legn\u00e0n [le\u02c8\u0272\u00e3\u02d0] or Lign\u00e0n) is an Italian town and comune in the north-westernmost part of the Metropolitan City of Milan, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from central Milan. With 60,259, it is the thirteenth-most populous township in Lombardy. Legnano is located in the Alto Milanese and is crossed by the Olona river.The history of Legnano and its municipal area has been traced back to the 1st millennium BC via archaeological evidence. Already in remote times, in fact, the hills that line the Olona proved to be habitable places. The town was established in 1261.Because of the historic victory of the Lombard League over Frederick Barbarossa at Legnano, it is the only town other than Rome named in the Italian national anthem (\"[...] Dall'Alpi a Sicilia dovunque \u00e8 Legnano [...]\", en. \"From the Alps to Sicily, Legnano is everywhere\"). Every year the people of Legnano commemorate the battle with Palio di Legnano. In the institutional sphere, on 29 May, the date of the battle of Legnano, it was chosen as the regional holiday of Lombardy.", "Q798993": "Badfinger were a Welsh/British rock band formed in Swansea that were active from the 1960s to the 1980s. Their best-known lineup consisted of Pete Ham, Mike Gibbins, Tom Evans, and Joey Molland. They are recognised for their influence on the 1970s power pop genre.\nThe band evolved from an earlier group called the Iveys, formed in 1961, which became the first group signed by the Beatles' Apple label in 1968. The band renamed themselves Badfinger, after the working title for the Beatles' 1967 song \"With a Little Help from My Friends\" (\"Bad Finger Boogie\"). From 1968 to 1973, Badfinger recorded five albums for Apple and toured extensively, before they became embroiled in the chaos of Apple Records' dissolution.\nBadfinger had four consecutive worldwide hits from 1970 to 1972: \"Come and Get It\" (written and produced by Paul McCartney, 1970), \"No Matter What\" (produced by Mal Evans, 1970), \"Day After Day\" (produced by George Harrison, 1971), and \"Baby Blue\" (produced by Todd Rundgren, 1972). Their song \"Without You\" (1970) has been recorded many times, and became a US number-one hit for Harry Nilsson and, decades later, a UK number-one for Mariah Carey.\nAfter Apple Records folded in 1973, Badfinger struggled with a host of legal, managerial and financial issues, leading to Ham's taking his own life in 1975. Over the next three years, the surviving members struggled to rebuild their personal and professional lives against a backdrop of lawsuits, which tied up the songwriters' royalty payments for years. Their subsequent albums floundered, as Molland and Evans alternated between cooperation and conflict in their attempts to revive and capitalise on the Badfinger legacy. In 1983, Evans also died by suicide.", "Q310086": "Benjamin Thomas Barnes (born 20 August 1981) is an English actor and singer. He is best known for his roles as Prince Caspian in The Chronicles of Narnia film series, Logan Delos in Westworld, and Billy Russo in The Punisher. He is set to star in the upcoming Netflix series Shadow and Bone.\nHe has also played Tom Ward in the fantasy film Seventh Son, the titular role in Dorian Gray, supporting roles in The Words and The Big Wedding, Samuel Adams in the 2015 miniseries Sons of Liberty, and Benjamin Greene in 2019 miniseries Gold Digger.", "Q105341": "Michael Peter Karsten B\u00fcrsch (3 June 1942 \u2013 9 December 2012) was a German politician and member of the SPD. He was born in Stettin (Szczecin), Province of Pomerania, which is now in Poland.", "Q69507": "Boudry is the capital of the district of Boudry in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland.", "Q312849": "Mongkut, also known as King Rama IV, reigning title Phra Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua (18 October 1804 \u2013 1 October 1868), was the fourth monarch of Siam (Thailand) under the House of Chakri, ruling from 1851 to 1868.\nOutside Thailand, he is best known as the king in the 1951 musical and 1956 film The King and I, based on the 1946 film Anna and the King of Siam \u2013 in turn based on a 1944 novel by an American missionary about Anna Leonowens' years at his court, from 1862 to 1867.During his reign, the pressure of Western expansionism was felt for the first time in Siam. Mongkut embraced Western innovations and initiated the modernization of his country, both in technology and culture\u2014earning him the nickname \"The Father of Science and Technology\" in Siam.\nMongkut was also known for his appointing his brother, Prince Chutamani, as Second King, crowned in 1851 as King Pinklao. Mongkut himself assured the country that Pinklao should be respected with equal honor to himself (as King Naresuan had done with his brother Ekathotsarot in 1583). Mongkut's reign was also the time when the power of the House of Bunnag reached its zenith and became the most powerful noble family of Siam.", "Q230424": "Bethany Joy Lenz (born April 2, 1981) is an American actress, singer-songwriter and filmmaker. She is known for her portrayal of Haley James Scott on The WB / The CW television drama One Tree Hill. She also starred as Michelle Bauer Santos on the CBS Daytime soap opera Guiding Light, and is recognized for her music as a solo artist and as a member of the band Everly.", "Q66634": "Andreas Hermes (16 July 1878 \u2013 4 January 1964) was a German agricultural scientist and politician. In the Weimar Republic he was a member of several governments, serving as minister of food/nutrition and minister of finance for the Catholic Zentrum. During the rule of the Nazi Party, he was part of the right-wing resistance, for which he was imprisoned and sentenced to death. \nAfter World War II, Hermes co-founded the Christian Democratic Union.\n\n", "Q539897": "Stephen Paul David Morris (born 28 October 1957) is an English multi-instrumentalist, composer and record producer who is best known for his work with the rock band New Order and, previously, Joy Division. He also wrote and performed in The Other Two, a band consisting of Morris and his wife, Gillian Gilbert. Morris also participated in the New Order spin-off band Bad Lieutenant. He is known for his precise drumming that seamlessly weaves with New Order's and Joy Division's drum machine sounds.", "Q434419": "Minh M\u1ea1ng (Hanoi: [m\u00ef\u014b\u02e7 ma\u02d0\u014b\u02e7\u02e8\u0294], H\u00e1n t\u1ef1: \u660e\u547d, lit. \"the bright favour of Heaven\"; 25 May 1791 \u2013 20 January 1841; born Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u0110\u1ea3m, also known as Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Ki\u1ec3u) was the second emperor of the Nguy\u1ec5n dynasty of Vietnam, reigning from 14 February 1820 until his death, on 20 January 1841. He was the fourth son of Emperor Gia Long, whose eldest son, Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac C\u1ea3nh, had died in 1801. He was well known for his opposition to French involvement in Vietnam and his rigid Confucian orthodoxy.", "Q16977527": "Salvatore Garau (born 1953) is an Italian artist from the Mediterranean island of Sardinia.\n\n", "Q70056": "Waldemar Kraft (19 February 1898 in Brzustow, Jarotschin district, in the Province of Posen (today Brzost\u00f3w, Poland) \u2013 12 July 1977 in Bonn) was a German politician. A member of the SS in Nazi Germany, he served as Managing Director of the Reich Association for Land Management in the Annexed Territories from 1940 to 1945, administering parts of occupied Poland. After the war, he became a West German politician, sitting in the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein from 1950 to 1953 and serving as Minister of Finance. He entered the Bundestag in 1953 and served as Federal Minister for Special Affairs in the Cabinet of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer from 1953 to 1956. He retired from the Bundestag in 1961.\nKraft initially represented the All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights and served as its chairman from 1951 to 1954. In 1956, he became a member of the Christian Democratic Union.\n\n", "Q528742": "Nurit Zarchi (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05d9) (born Jerusalem, October 19, 1941; 28 Tishri 5702 AM) is an Israeli poet and author for adults and children.\nHer father was the author Israel Zarchi. He died when she was six, leaving her an orphan. She was raised at Kibbutz Geva as a guest. Later she went to Ein Harod, where she completed her secondary schooling. After her military service, she completed studies in psychology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She earned bachelor's degrees in literature and philosophy at Tel Aviv University.\nZarchi has published many poems in children's newspapers. She has been a journalist for Yedioth Ahronoth. She has published more than one hundred books of children's literature, poetry, prose, and research.", "Q4182": "The Weizmann Institute of Science (Hebrew: \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05d9\u05e6\u05de\u05df \u05dc\u05de\u05d3\u05e2\u200e Machon Vaitzman LeMada) is a public research university in Rehovot, Israel, established in 1934, 14 years before the State of Israel. It differs from other Israeli universities in that it offers only graduate and postgraduate degrees in the natural and exact sciences.\nIt is a multidisciplinary research center, with around 3,800 scientists, postdoctoral fellows, Ph.D. and M.Sc. students, and scientific, technical, and administrative staff working at the Institute.As of 2019, 6 Nobel laureates and 3 Turing Award winners have been associated with the Weizmann Institute of Science.", "Q986622": "Brian Todd O'Leary (January 27, 1940 \u2013 July 28, 2011) was an American scientist, author, and former NASA astronaut. He was part of NASA Astronaut Group 6, a group of scientist-astronauts chosen with the intention of training for the Apollo Applications Program.", "Q731254": "James Henry Cotton (July 1, 1935 \u2013 March 16, 2017) was an American blues harmonica player, singer and songwriter, who performed and recorded with many of the great blues artists of his time and with his own band. He played drums early in his career but is famous for his harmonica playing.\nCotton began his professional career playing the blues harp in Howlin' Wolf's band in the early 1950s. He made his first recordings in Memphis for Sun Records, under the direction of Sam Phillips. In 1955, he was recruited by Muddy Waters to come to Chicago and join his band. Cotton became Waters's bandleader and stayed with the group until 1965. In 1965 he formed the Jimmy Cotton Blues Quartet, with Otis Spann on piano, to record between gigs with the Muddy Waters band. He eventually left to form his own full-time touring group. His first full album, on Verve Records, was produced by the guitarist Mike Bloomfield and the singer and songwriter Nick Gravenites, who later were members of the band Electric Flag.In the 1970s, Cotton played harmonica on Muddy Waters' Grammy Award\u2013winning 1977 album Hard Again, produced by Johnny Winter.", "Q501": "Charles Pierre Baudelaire (UK: , US: ; French: [\u0283a\u0281l bodl\u025b\u0281] (listen); 9 April 1821 \u2013 31 August 1867) was a French poet who also produced notable work as an essayist, art critic, and pioneering translator of Edgar Allan Poe.\nHis most famous work, a book of lyric poetry titled Les Fleurs du mal (The Flowers of Evil), expresses the changing nature of beauty in the rapidly industrializing Paris during the mid-19th century. Baudelaire's highly original style of prose-poetry influenced a whole generation of poets including Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud and St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9, among many others. He is credited with coining the term \"modernity\" (modernit\u00e9) to designate the fleeting, ephemeral experience of life in an urban metropolis, and the responsibility of artistic expression to capture that experience.", "Q302469": "Gheorghi Arnaoudov (Bulgarian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438 \u0410\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432 [\u0261\u025b\u02c8\u0254r\u0261i \u0250rn\u0250\u02c8udof]; born 18 March 1957) is a Bulgarian composer of stage, orchestral, chamber, film, vocal, and piano music. His work has roots in minimal music.", "Q124364": "Matth\u00e4us Schiner (or Schinner, c. 1465 \u2013 1 October 1522) was a bishop of Sion, Cardinal and diplomat. He was a military commander in several battles in northern Italy.", "Q162331": "The 400 Blows (French: Les Quatre Cents Coups) is a 1959 French New Wave drama film, and the directorial debut of Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut. The film, shot in DyaliScope, stars Jean-Pierre L\u00e9aud, Albert R\u00e9my, and Claire Maurier. One of the defining films of the French New Wave, it displays many of the characteristic traits of the movement. Written by Truffaut and Marcel Moussy, the film is about Antoine Doinel, a misunderstood adolescent in Paris who struggles with his parents and teachers due to his rebellious behavior. Filmed on location in Paris and Honfleur, it is the first in a series of five films in which L\u00e9aud plays the semi-autobiographical character.\nThe 400 Blows received numerous awards and nominations, including the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director, the OCIC Award, and a Palme d'Or nomination in 1959, and was also nominated for an Oscar for Best Writing in 1960. The film had 4.1 million admissions in France, making it Truffaut's most successful film in his home country.The 400 Blows is widely considered one of the best French films in the history of cinema; in the 2012 Sight & Sound critics' poll of the greatest films ever made, it was ranked 39th.", "Q380318": "Thomas B\u00f6rje Forsberg (17 February 1966 \u2013 7 June 2004), better known by the stage name Quorthon, was a Swedish singer, songwriter, musician and record producer. He was one of the founders, as well as the sole songwriter, of the band Bathory, which pioneered the black metal genre and is credited with creating the Viking metal style. A multi-instrumentalist, Quorthon wrote the music and lyrics on all of Bathory's albums and performed vocals and guitars.", "Q267597": "Delia Juanita Warrick (September 25, 1942 \u2013 October 18, 2008), known as Dee Dee Warwick, was an American soul singer. Born in Newark, New Jersey, she was the sister of Dionne Warwick, the niece of Cissy Houston, and the first cousin of Whitney Houston. She died in Essex County, New Jersey, at 66 years of age.", "Q1703791": "Ransom Knowling (24 June 1912 \u2013 22 October 1967) was an American rhythm and blues musician, best known for playing bass on many blues recordings made in Chicago between the 1930s and 1950s, including those of Arthur Crudup and Little Brother Montgomery.He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, and began playing professionally around 1930 in the New Orleans bands led by Sidney Desvigne and Joe Robichaux. As well as bass, he played violin and tuba. By the late 1930s, he had moved to Chicago, and played on many of the blues records made in the city, including those by the Harlem Hamfats, Big Bill Broonzy, Roosevelt Sykes, Washboard Sam, Sonny Boy Williamson, T-Bone Walker, Tommy McClennan, and Muddy Waters. He played on Arthur Crudup's \"That's All Right\", recorded in 1946.He died in Chicago in 1967, aged 55.", "Q57402": "Jos\u00e9 Daniel Ortega Saavedra (Spanish pronunciation: [da\u02c8njel o\u027e\u02c8te\u0263a]; born November 11, 1945) is a Nicaraguan politician serving as President of Nicaragua since 2007; previously he was leader of Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, first as Coordinator of the Junta of National Reconstruction (1979\u20131985) and then as President (1985\u20131990). A leader in the Sandinista National Liberation Front (Spanish: Frente Sandinista de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional; FSLN), his policies in government have seen the implementation of leftist reforms across Nicaragua.\nBorn into a working-class family, from an early age Ortega opposed ruling President Anastasio Somoza Debayle, widely recognized as a dictator, and became involved in the underground movement against his government. Joining the Sandinistas as a student in 1963, Ortega's urban resistance activities led to his arrest in 1967. After his release in 1974, he also travelled to Cuba to receive training in guerrilla warfare from Fidel Castro's Marxist\u2013Leninist government. He played a crucial role in forming the Insurrectionist faction, which united the FSLN and sparked the mass uprisings of 1978\u20131979. After the Nicaraguan Revolution resulted in the overthrow and exile of Somoza's government, Ortega became leader of the ruling multipartisan Junta of National Reconstruction. In 1984, Ortega, the FSLN candidate, won Nicaragua's free presidential election with over 60 percent of the vote. A Marxist\u2013Leninist, his first period in office was characterized by a controversial program of nationalization, land reform, wealth redistribution and literacy programs.\nOrtega's relationship with the United States was never very cordial, due to U.S. support for Somoza prior to the revolution. Although the U.S. supplied post-revolution Nicaragua with tens of millions of dollars in economic aid, relations broke down when the Sandinistas supplied weapons to leftist Salvadoran rebels (something which Ortega later admitted occurred). His government was opposed by the Contras in a civil war; the Contras were funded by the Reagan administration of the United States. A joint peace proposal by the Democratic Speaker of the House Jim Wright and Ronald Reagan helped precipitate a peace agreement at a meeting of five Central American chiefs of state in July 1987, which won Costa Rican President \u00d3scar Arias the Nobel Peace Prize. This led to free elections in which Ortega was defeated by Violeta Chamorro in 1990, but he remained an important figure in Nicaraguan opposition politics, gradually moderating in his political position from Marxism\u2013Leninism to democratic socialism. He also restored relations with the Catholic Church, with the adoption of anti-abortion policies by his government.\nOrtega was an unsuccessful candidate for president in 1996 and 2001, before winning the 2006 presidential election. In office, he made alliances with fellow Latin American socialists, such as Venezuelan President Hugo Ch\u00e1vez, and under his leadership Nicaragua joined the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas.\nAs of June 2018, Amnesty International and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights of the Organization of American States have reported that Ortega has engaged in a violent oppression campaign against protesters in response to anti-Ortega protests since April 2018, while government officials and government-owned media have denied such actions.\n\n", "Q84882": "Alexander Freiherr von Krobatin (12 September 1849 \u2013 28 September 1933) was an Austrian Field Marshal and Imperial Minister for War between 1912 and 1917.\n\n", "Q95757": "Tanja Wenzel (born 27 July 1978) is a German film and TV actress. She is best known for her performance as Isabell Mohr / Brandner in the soap opera Verbotene Liebe.", "Q3177432": "Jerome Bailey York (June 22, 1938 \u2013 March 18, 2010), commonly known as Jerry York, was an American businessman, and the chairman, president and CEO of Harwinton Capital. He was the former CFO of IBM and Chrysler, and was CEO of Micro Warehouse. He was a chief aide to Kirk Kerkorian and his Tracinda investment company. In February 2006, Kerkorian helped elect York to the board of directors of General Motors, from which he had previously resigned.", "Q355531": "Stanley Lawrence Crouch (born December 14, 1945) is an American poet, music and cultural critic, syndicated columnist, novelist and biographer, perhaps best known for his jazz criticism and his 2000 novel Don't the Moon Look Lonesome?\n\n", "Q132506": "Patrick Simmons (born October 19, 1948) is an American musician best known as a founding member of the rock band The Doobie Brothers. Born in Aberdeen, Washington, he has been the only consistent member of the band throughout their tenure. Simmons wrote and sang many songs for the Doobie Brothers, including \"South City Midnight Lady\", \"Dependin' On You\", \"Echoes of Love\", and \"Black Water,\" the group's first #1 record.The Doobie Brothers initially disbanded in 1982, largely on account of Simmons' decision to leave the group, as he was its sole remaining original member. In 1983, Simmons released his first solo album, Arcade, on Elektra Records. It yielded his only top 40 hit, \"So Wrong\", which peaked at #30 on the Billboard Hot 100. \"So Wrong\" was also a surprise hit on the US Dance/Disco Top 80 chart, peaking at #8. The album was reissued on compact disc in Japan in the early 1990s and again in 2007, by the label Wounded Bird Records. Simmons also formed the band \"Skin Suit\" during this period. In 1998, Simmons released a second solo album titled Take Me to the Highway.", "Q2637616": "Albert Maurice Bender (June 18, 1866 \u2013 March, 4 1941) was a leading patron of the arts in San Francisco in the 1920s and 1930s, who played a key role in the early career of Ansel Adams and was one of Diego Rivera's first American patrons. By providing financial assistance to artists, writers and institutions he had a significant impact on the cultural development of the San Francisco Bay Area and beyond.", "Q2518": "Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (German: [\u02c8h\u025blmu\u02d0t \u02c8ko\u02d0l]; 3 April 1930 \u2013 16 June 2017) was a German statesman who served as Chancellor of Germany from 1982 to 1998 (of West Germany 1982\u20131990 and of the reunited Germany 1990\u20131998) and as the chairman of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 1973 to 1998. From 1969 to 1976, Kohl was minister president of the state Rhineland-Palatinate. Kohl chaired the Group of Seven in 1985 and 1992. In 1998 he became honorary chairman of the CDU, resigning from the position in 2000.\nBorn in 1930 in Ludwigshafen to a Roman Catholic family, Kohl joined the Christian Democratic Union in 1946 at the age of 16. He earned a PhD in history at Heidelberg University in 1958 and worked as a business executive before becoming a full-time politician. He was elected as the youngest member of the Parliament of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1959 and became Minister-President of his home state in 1969. Viewed during the 1960s and the early 1970s as a progressive within the CDU, he was elected national chairman of the party in 1973. In the 1976 federal election his party performed well, but the social-liberal government of social democrat Helmut Schmidt was able to remain in power, as well as in 1980, when Kohl's rival from the Bavarian sister party CSU, Franz Josef Strau\u00df, candidated. After Schmidt had lost the support of the liberal FDP in 1982, Kohl was elected Chancellor through a switch of the FDP, forming a Christian-liberal government. After he had become party leader, Kohl was increasingly seen as a more conservative figure.\nAs Chancellor Kohl was strongly committed to European integration and French\u2013German cooperation in particular; he was also a steadfast ally of the United States and supported Reagan's more aggressive policies in order to weaken the Soviet Union. Kohl's 16-year tenure was the longest of any German Chancellor since Otto von Bismarck. He oversaw the end of the Cold War and the German reunification, for which he is generally known as Chancellor of Unity. Together with French President Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand, Kohl was the architect of the Maastricht Treaty, which established the European Union (EU) and the euro currency. Kohl was also a central figure in the eastern enlargement of the European Union, and his government led the effort to push for international recognition of Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina when the states declared independence. He played an instrumental role in solving the Bosnian War. Domestically, Kohl's policies focused on economic reforms and later also on the process of integrating the former East Germany into the reunited Germany, and he moved the federal capital from the \"provisional capital\" Bonn back to Berlin, although he himself never resided there because the government offices were only relocated in 1999. Kohl also greatly increased federal spending on arts and culture. After his chancellorship, Kohl's reputation suffered domestically because of his role in the CDU donations scandal and he had to resign from his honorary chairmanship of the CDU after little more than a year in January 2000, but he was partly rehabilitated in later years. The later Chancellor Angela Merkel started her political career as Kohl's proteg\u00e9e.\nKohl was described as \"the greatest European leader of the second half of the 20th century\" by U.S. Presidents George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton. Kohl received the Charlemagne Prize in 1988 with Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand; in 1998 Kohl became the second person to be named Honorary Citizen of Europe by the European heads of state or government. Following his death, Kohl was honored with the first ever European Act of State in Strasbourg. Kohl was married to Hannelore Kohl during his entire political career, and they had two sons, Walter Kohl and Peter Kohl.", "Q18315": "F\u00e1tima Gomes Bernardes (born September 17, 1962) is a Brazilian journalist and TV presenter. She joined Rede Globo in 1987 as the host of RJTV, the regional news from Rio de Janeiro and became widely known in 1989 when she presented Jornal da Globo, the late night news program. She also presented Fant\u00e1stico, Jornal Hoje and Jornal Nacional, where she was the news anchor from 1998 to 2011.Since 2012, Bernardes currently hosts a morning talk show, Encontro com F\u00e1tima Bernardes.", "Q1011": "Cape Verde ( (listen)) or Cabo Verde ( (listen), ) (Portuguese: Cabo Verde, pronounced [\u02c8kabu \u02c8ve\u027ed\u0268]), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean. It forms part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles. Located 570 kilometres (350 mi) west of the Cape Verde Peninsula off the coast of Northwest Africa, the islands cover a combined area of 4,033 square kilometres (1,557 sq mi).\nThe Cape Verde archipelago was uninhabited until the 15th century, when Portuguese explorers discovered and colonized the islands, establishing the first European settlement in the tropics. Ideally located for the Atlantic slave trade, the islands grew prosperous throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, attracting merchants, privateers, and pirates. The end of transatlantic slavery in the 19th century led to economic decline and emigration. Cape Verde gradually recovered as an important commercial center and stopover for shipping routes. Incorporated as an overseas department of Portugal in 1951, the islands continued to campaign for independence, which was achieved in 1975.\nSince the early 1990s, Cape Verde has been a stable representative democracy, and remains one of the most developed and democratic countries in Africa. Lacking natural resources, its developing economy is mostly service-oriented, with a growing focus on tourism and foreign investment. Its population of around 550,000 (as at mid 2019) is mostly of mixed African, Moorish, Arab and European heritage, and predominantly Roman Catholic, reflecting the legacy of Portuguese rule. A sizeable diaspora community exists across the world, slightly outnumbering inhabitants on the islands.\nHistorically, the name \"Cape Verde\" has been used in English for the archipelago and, since independence in 1975, for the country. In 2013, the Cape Verdean government determined that the Portuguese designation Cabo Verde would henceforth be used for official purposes, such as at the United Nations, even in English contexts. Cape Verde is a member of the African Union.", "Q151923": "The Little Princess is a 1939 American drama film directed by Walter Lang. The screenplay by Ethel Hill and Walter Ferris is loosely based on the novel A Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett. The film was the first Shirley Temple movie to be filmed completely in Technicolor. It was also her last major success as a child star.Although it maintained the novel's Victorian London setting, the film introduced several new characters and storylines and used the Second Boer War and the Siege of Mafeking as a backdrop to the action. Temple and Arthur Treacher had a musical number together, performing the song \"Knocked 'Em in the Old Kent Road\". Temple also appeared in an extended ballet sequence. The film's ending was drastically different from the book.\nIn 1968, the film entered the public domain in the United States because the claimants did not renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication.\n\n", "Q81722": "Kamenz (Upper Sorbian: Kamjenc) is a town (Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt) in the district of Bautzen in Saxony, Germany. Until 2008 it was the administrative seat of Kamenz District. The town is known as the birthplace of the philosopher and poet Gotthold Ephraim Lessing also Bruno Richard Hauptmann. It lies north-east of the major city of Dresden.", "Q357326": "Carlos Antonio de Padua Ch\u00e1vez y Ram\u00edrez (13 June 1899 \u2013 2 August 1978) was a Mexican composer, conductor, music theorist, educator, journalist, and founder and director of the Mexican Symphonic Orchestra. He was influenced by native Mexican cultures. Of his six symphonies, the second, or Sinfon\u00eda india, which uses native Yaqui percussion instruments, is probably the most popular.", "Q98273": "Wolfram Siebeck (19 September 1928 \u2013 7 July 2016) was a German journalist, author and food critic. With his satirical style of writing he used to criticise fast food, TV dinners, subsidised agriculture and intensive animal farming.", "Q290679": "The Seven Year Itch is a 1955 American romantic comedy film based on a three-act play with the same name by George Axelrod. The film was co-written and directed by Billy Wilder, and stars Marilyn Monroe and Tom Ewell, reprising his Broadway role from the play. It contains one of the most notable images of the 20th century \u2013 Monroe standing on a subway grate as her white dress is blown upwards by a passing train. The titular phrase, which refers to declining interest in a monogamous relationship after seven years of marriage, has been used by psychologists.", "Q327819": "Grant William McLennan (12 February 1958 \u2013 6 May 2006) was an Australian alternative rock singer-songwriter-guitarist. He co-founded the Go-Betweens with Robert Forster in Brisbane in 1977. In addition to his work with the Go-Betweens (1977\u201389, 2000\u201306) he issued four solo albums, Watershed (1991), Fireboy (1992), Horsebreaker Star (1994) and In Your Bright Ray (1997). He also undertook side-projects and collaborations with other artists. McLennan received a number of accolades recognising his achievements and contributions as songwriter and lyricist. In May 2001 the Australasian Performing Right Association listed \"Cattle and Cane\" (1983), written by McLennan, as one of their top 30 Australian songs of all time. McLennan died of a heart attack at the age of 48 and was survived by his fianc\u00e9e, Emma Pursey.", "Q87353": "Gudrun Veronika Kugler, n\u00e9e Lang, also known as Kugler-Lang (born 12 November 1976, Gmunden, Upper Austria) is a Roman Catholic theologian and jurist. Kugler teaches theology and is active in the pro-life movement and works against social discrimination and Persecution of Christians in Europe and worldwide. In 2015 she was elected to the Viennese municipal council for the \u00d6VP due to the high amount of preference votes received. In October 2017 she was unexpectedly elected as leading \u00d6VP candidate in her electoral district to the National Council with an increase in votes of over 9 %.", "Q356986": "Mark Lavon \"Levon\" Helm (May 26, 1940 \u2013 April 19, 2012) was an American musician and actor who achieved fame as the drummer and one of the vocalists for The Band. Helm was known for his deeply soulful, country-accented voice, multi-instrumental ability, and creative drumming style, highlighted on many of The Band's recordings, such as \"The Weight\", \"Up on Cripple Creek\", and \"The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down\".\nHelm also had a successful career as a film actor, appearing as Loretta Lynn's father in Coal Miner's Daughter (1980), as Chuck Yeager's friend and colleague Captain Jack Ridley in The Right Stuff (1983), and as a Tennessee firearms expert in Shooter (2007).\nIn 1998, Helm was diagnosed with throat cancer, which caused him to lose his singing voice. After treatment, his cancer eventually went into remission, and he gradually regained the use of his voice. His 2007 comeback album Dirt Farmer earned the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album in February 2008, and in November of that year, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him No. 91 in its list of 100 Greatest Singers of All Time. In 2010, Electric Dirt, his 2009 follow-up to Dirt Farmer, won the first Grammy Award for Best Americana Album, a category inaugurated in 2010. In 2011, his live album Ramble at the Ryman won the Grammy in the same category. On April 17, 2012, his wife and daughter announced on Helm's website that he was \"in the final stages of his battle with cancer\" and thanked fans while requesting prayers. Two days later, Helm died at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City.", "Q120664": "Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u042f\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 28 November 1822 \u2013 7 November 1885) was a Russian Empire naturalist, economist, ethnologist, philosopher, historian and ideologue of Pan-Slavism and the Slavophile movement. He expounded a circular view of world history.\nHe is remembered also for his opposition to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and for his theory of historical-cultural types.", "Q705697": "Henry John Heinz III (October 23, 1938 \u2013 April 4, 1991) was an American businessman and politician from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. A Republican, Heinz served in the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977, and in the United States Senate from 1977 until he was killed in a plane crash in Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania, in 1991.", "Q169502": "\u00c9mile Fran\u00e7ois Loubet (French: [emil lub\u025b]; 30 December 1838 \u2013 20 December 1929) was the 45th Prime Minister of France and later President of France.\nTrained in law, he became mayor of Mont\u00e9limar, where he was noted as a forceful orator. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1876 and the Senate in 1885. He was appointed as a Republican minister under Carnot and Ribot. He was briefly Prime Minister of France in 1892. As President (1899\u20131906), he saw the successful Paris Exhibition of 1900, and the forging of the Entente Cordiale with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, resolving their sharp differences over the Boer War and the Dreyfus Affair.", "Q573975": "The Bauhaus-Universit\u00e4t Weimar is a university located in Weimar, Germany, and specializes in the artistic and technical fields. Established in 1860 as the Great Ducal Saxon Art School, it gained collegiate status on 3 June 1910. In 1919 the school was renamed Bauhaus by its new director Walter Gropius and it received its present name in 1996. Approximately 4,000 students are enrolled at the university today.\nIn 2010 the Bauhaus-Universit\u00e4t Weimar commemorated its 150th anniversary as an art school and college in Weimar.\nIn 2019 the university celebrated the centenary of the founding of the Bauhaus, together with partners all over the world.", "Q3760473": "Gheorghe (George) Copos (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0361\u0292e\u032ford\u0361\u0292e \u02c8kopos]; born 27 March 1953, in T\u0103\u015fnad, Satu Mare County) is a Romanian businessman and politician.\nA graduate of the communist cadres' training school \u0218tefan Gheorghiu Academy, he was in his youth a leader of the Union of Communist Youth.He is the owner of a chain of confectionery shops, a chain of electronics shops, several hotels. He owned the football club Rapid Bucure\u015fti between 1992 and 2013.\nCopos was a member of the Conservative Party and between December 2004 and January 2006, he was a vice-prime-minister and State Minister in charge with coordination of the activities in the field of business environment and small and medium-sized enterprises in the T\u0103riceanu government.\nOn January 21, 2006, he resigned from the Conservative Party amid a corruption scandal. He maintained, however, his function as vice prime-minister and State Minister in the government. He also resigned from the government in June 2006, maintaining his function as a senator.", "Q3123705": "Paresh Rawal (born 30 May 1955) is an Indian film actor, comedian and politician known for his works notably in Bollywood. He was a member of parliament in the Lok Sabha of the Indian Parliament representing the Ahmedabad East constituency from 2014 to 2019. He is politically affiliated with the Bharatiya Janata Party. Rawal speaks Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, Telugu and English fluently. In 1994, he won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performances in the films Woh Chokri and Sir. For the latter, he received his first Filmfare Award for Best Comedian. This was followed by Ketan Mehta's Sardar, which saw him playing the lead role of freedom fighter Vallabhbhai Patel, a role that got him national and international acclaim.He has received wide recognition for his villainous roles in Telugu box office hits such as Kshana Kshanam (1991), Money (1993), Money Money (1995), Govinda Govinda (1994), Rikshavodu (1995), Bavagaru Bagunnara (1998), Shankar Dada M.B.B.S. (2004), and Teen Maar (2011). His other notable works in Hindi cinema are Naam (1986), Shiva (1990), Mohra (1994), Tamanna (1996), Aitraaz (2004), Table No. 21 (2013) and Zilla Ghaziabad (2013).He then ventured into comedy, with hits such as Andaz Apna Apna (1994), Chachi 420 (1997), Hera Pheri (2000), Nayak (2001), Aankhen (2002), Awara Paagal Deewana (2002), Hungama (2003), Hulchul (2004), Deewane Huye Paagal (2005), Garam Masala (2005), Phir Hera Pheri (2006), Golmaal: Fun Unlimited (2006), Bhagam Bhag (2006), Malamaal Weekly (2006), Bhool Bhulaiyaa (2007), Welcome (2007), One Two Three (2008), Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye! (2008), Atithi Tum Kab Jaoge? (2010), OMG \u2013 Oh My God! (2012), Welcome Back (2015), Dharam Sankat Mein (2015), Tiger Zinda Hai (2017), Sanju (2018), Patel Ki Punjabi Shaadi (2018) and Made in China (2019).", "Q87435": "Johann Sahulka (born 25 February 1857, Deutsch-Wagram - 8 October 1927, Vienna) was an Austrian scientist and professor of electrical engineering at Vienna University of Technology. He discovered that mercury arcs act as a rectifier.", "Q15711728": "Maccagno con Pino e Veddasca is a comune in the province of Varese, in Lombardy, Italy, that was formed on 25 May 2014 from fusion of the communes of Maccagno, Pino sulla Sponda del Lago Maggiore and Veddasca.\nA referendum to create this comune was held on 1 December 2013. The referendum was passed with 77% yes and 33% no votes.\nMaccagno con Pino e Veddasca borders the following municipalities: Brissago (Switzerland), Cannobio (VB), Curiglia con Monteviasco, Dumenza, Gambarogno (Switzerland), Luino, Ronco sopra Ascona (Switzerland), Tronzano Lago Maggiore.", "Q383177": "Sorj Chalandon (born 16 May 1952 in Tunis) is a French writer and journalist. From 1973 until 2007 he worked as a journalist on Lib\u00e9ration where, among other things, he covered events in Lebanon, Iran, Iraq, Somalia and Afghanistan. In 1988 he received the Albert Londres Prize for his articles on Northern Ireland and the Klaus Barbie trial. Since then he has worked for the satirical-investigative newspaper Le Canard encha\u00een\u00e9. His second novel, Une promesse (2006), won the Prix M\u00e9dicis. His 2011 novel Return to Killybegs won the Grand Prix du roman de l'Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise and was shortlisted for the Prix Goncourt.", "Q366845": "Victor Adler (24 June 1852 \u2013 11 November 1918) was an Austrian politician, a leader of the labour movement and founder of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP).\n\n", "Q13526": "Thomas Robert Malthus (; 13/14 February 1766 \u2013 23 December 1834) was an English cleric, scholar and influential economist in the fields of political economy and demography.In his 1798 book An Essay on the Principle of Population, Malthus observed that an increase in a nation's food production improved the well-being of the populace, but the improvement was temporary because it led to population growth, which in turn restored the original per capita production level. In other words, humans had a propensity to utilize abundance for population growth rather than for maintaining a high standard of living, a view that has become known as the \"Malthusian trap\" or the \"Malthusian spectre\". Populations had a tendency to grow until the lower class suffered hardship, want and greater susceptibility to famine and disease, a view that is sometimes referred to as a Malthusian catastrophe. Malthus wrote in opposition to the popular view in 18th-century Europe that saw society as improving and in principle as perfectible.Malthus saw population growth as being inevitable whenever conditions improved, thereby precluding real progress towards a utopian society: \"The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man\". As an Anglican cleric, he saw this situation as divinely imposed to teach virtuous behaviour. Malthus wrote that \"the increase of population is necessarily limited by the means of subsistence\"; \"population does invariably increase when the means of subsistence increase\"; and \"the superior power of population is repressed by moral restraint, vice and misery\".Malthus criticized the Poor Laws for leading to inflation rather than improving the well-being of the poor. He supported taxes on grain imports (the Corn Laws). His views became influential and controversial across economic, political, social and scientific thought. Pioneers of evolutionary biology read him, notably Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. He remains a much-debated writer.", "Q81044": "Step Up Revolution (also known as Step Up 4: Miami Heat, and previously titled Step Up 4Ever) is a 2012 American 3D dance film and the fourth installment in the Step Up film series. It was released on July 27, 2012. The film was directed by Scott Speer and stars Ryan Guzman and Kathryn McCormick, the latter from the sixth season of So You Think You Can Dance. The film features choreography by Jamal Sims, Christopher Scott, Chuck Maldonado and Travis Wall. The production design was created by Carlos A. Menendez. Unlike the first three films, produced by Touchstone Pictures and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, this film was produced by Summit Entertainment and Offspring Entertainment without Disney's involvement and distributed by Lionsgate. This is also the first Summit Entertainment film after being acquired by Lionsgate in January 2012.", "Q64976": "Nikolaus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Oldenburg (German: Nikolaus Friedrich Wilhelm von Holstein-Gottorp, Erbgro\u00dfherzog von Oldenburg; 10 August 1897 \u2013 3 April 1970) was the eldest son of Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg, who was the last ruling Grand Duke of Oldenburg.\nIn 1931, Nikolaus succeeded to his father's titles and assumed the role of pretender to the Grand Duchy, until his death in 1970.", "Q1777": "Maximinus Thrax (Latin: Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus Augustus; c.\u2009173 \u2013 May 238), also known as Maximinus I, was Roman Emperor from 235 to 238.\nHis father was an accountant in the governor's office and sprang from ancestors who were Carpi (a Dacian tribe), a people whom Diocletian would eventually drive from their ancient abode (in Dacia) and transfer to Pannonia (Roman Antiquities, book XXVIII, Ammianus Marcellinus). Maximinus was the commander of the Legio IV Italica when Severus Alexander was assassinated by his own troops in 235. The Praetorian Guard then elected Maximinus emperor.\nIn the year 238 (which came to be known as the Year of the Six Emperors), a senatorial revolt broke out, leading to the successive proclamation of Gordian I, Gordian II, Pupienus, Balbinus and Gordian III as emperors in opposition to Maximinus. Maximinus advanced on Rome to put down the revolt, but was halted at Aquileia, where he was assassinated by disaffected elements of the Legio II Parthica.\nMaximinus is described by several ancient sources, though none are contemporary except Herodian's Roman History. He was a so-called barracks emperor of the 3rd century; his rule is often considered to mark the beginning of the Crisis of the Third Century. Maximinus was the first emperor who hailed neither from the senatorial class nor from the equestrian class.", "Q262389": "Faith Susan Alberta Watson (March 6, 1955 \u2013 March 21, 2015), better known as Alberta Watson, was a Canadian film and television actress.", "Q728063": "Joseph Edmund Johnson (born 23 December 1971) is a British politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Orpington from 2010 to 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as Minister of State for Universities, Science, Research and Innovation from July to September 2019, as well as previously from 2015 to 2018. His older brother, Boris Johnson, has been Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 2019.\nSince retiring from politics, Johnson has become Non-Executive Chairman at Tes. He is also a Senior Fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School, and President's Professorial Fellow at King's College London. He has since returned to his work as a journalist at outlets including the Financial Times.Johnson was appointed Director of the Number 10 Policy Unit in 2013 by Prime Minister David Cameron. He became Minister of State for the Cabinet Office in 2014 and Universities Minister in 2015. Following the January 2018 cabinet reshuffle, Johnson served as Minister of State for Transport and Minister for London; he resigned in November the same year, citing the failure of the Brexit negotiations to achieve what had been promised by the Vote Leave campaign and his wish to campaign for a referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement. In July 2019, he become part of his brother's Cabinet, again as Minister of State for Universities. In September 2019, he resigned from the Cabinet and announced that he would stand down as an MP at the next United Kingdom general election.", "Q51715": "Rachel Shalon (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05d7\u05dc \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05df\u200e, born Rachel Znanmirowska) was the first woman engineer in Israel (and formerly in the British Mandate of Palestine) and a professor for structural engineering.\nShalon was born in Kalush, Poland to a Hassidic family and graduated from a high school in Warsaw, following which she studied at the city's polytechnic institute. In 1925, Shalon made Aliyah to Palestine and studied structural engineering in the Technion.\nFrom 1931 and until her retirement in 1973 Shalon was a member of the academic staff at the Technion, in the faculty for civil engineering. Over the years she was appointed as Vice President for Research, Vice President for Academic Affairs, and dean of the school for graduate studies. In 1956 Shalon was made a professor. Shalon's niece Marjem Chatterton (n\u00e9e Znamirowska/Znamerovschi) also studied engineering at the Technicon in 1934-9 and became a leading structural engineer in both Israel and Zimbabwe.Alongside her academic work she was a member of the Hagana organization and, upon the establishment of the State of Israel, served as an officer in the Israel Defense Forces with the rank of a Major. \nShortly after the establishment of the State of Israel, Shalon was appointed as chairperson of the professional committee for building within the Scientific Council at the Prime Minister's Office. She remained in this position until 1956, quitting in protest of insufficient funds aimed at research of construction. At this time Shalon established the Building Research Station, which she headed for 20 years.\nShalon was a member of the Council for Higher Education in Israel. In 1954 she established the local chapter of Soroptimist organization, later becoming president of its European federation. In 1959 Shalon was elected as president of the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures (RILEM) and in 1962 as member of the executive in the International Council for Construction Research.\nTogether with her husband, engineer Uriel Shalon, she established a fund for construction of student dorms in the city.", "Q821304": "Alanson Bigelow Houghton (October 10, 1863 \u2013 September 15, 1941) was an American businessman, politician, and diplomat who served as a Congressman and Ambassador. He was a member of the Republican Party.", "Q2702861": "Luarsab I (Persian: \u0644\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9\u0645\u200e, Georgian: \u10da\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1 I) (born between 1502-1509 \u2013 died 1556 or 1558), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king of the Georgian Kingdom of Kartli from 1527 to 1556 or from 1534 to 1558. Persistent in his resistance against Safavid Persian aggression, he was killed in the Battle of Garisi.", "Q18473": "Zuchwil is a municipality in the district of Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q163749": "West Palm Beach is a city in and the county seat of Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. It is located immediately to the west of the adjacent Palm Beach, which is situated on a barrier island across the Lake Worth Lagoon. The population was 99,919 at the 2010 census. West Palm Beach is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,158,824 people in 2017.It is the oldest incorporated municipality in the south Florida area, having been incorporated as a city two years before Miami in November 1894. West Palm Beach is located approximately 68 miles (109 km) north of Downtown Miami.", "Q292708": "Randi Jayne Zuckerberg (born February 28, 1982) is an American businesswoman. She is the former director of market development and spokesperson for Facebook, and a sister of the company's co-founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg. Prior to working at Facebook, she was a panelist on Forbes on Fox. As of May 2014, she is founder and CEO of Zuckerberg Media, editor-in-chief (EIC) of Dot Complicated, a digital lifestyle website, and creator of Dot., an animated television show about a young girl (the eponymous Dot) who uses technology to enhance both her educational experiences and recreational activities.", "Q41506": "Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. Stanford is known for its academic achievements, wealth, location within Silicon Valley, and selectivity; it ranks as one of the world's top universities.The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Leland Stanford Jr., who had died of typhoid fever at age 15 the previous year. Stanford was a U.S. Senator and former Governor of California who made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students on October 1, 1891, as a coeducational and non-denominational institution.\nStanford University struggled financially after the death of Leland Stanford in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley. The university is also one of the top fundraising institutions in the country, becoming the first school to raise more than a billion dollars in a year.The university is organized around seven schools; three schools consisting of 40 academic departments at the undergraduate level as well as four professional schools that focus on graduate programs in law, medicine, education, and business. All schools are on the same campus. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two private institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference. It has gained 126 NCAA team championships, and Stanford has won the NACDA Directors' Cup for 24 consecutive years, beginning in 1994\u20131995. In addition, Stanford students and alumni have won 270 Olympic medals including 139 gold medals.As of March 2020, 83 Nobel laureates, 28 Turing Award laureates, and 8 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, faculty or staff. In addition, Stanford University is particularly noted for its entrepreneurship and is one of the most successful universities in attracting funding for start-ups. Stanford alumni have founded numerous companies, which combined produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue and have created 5.4 million jobs as of 2011, roughly equivalent to the 7th largest economy in the world (as of 2020). Stanford is the alma mater of one president of the United States (Herbert Hoover), 30 living billionaires, and 17 astronauts. It is also one of the leading producers of members of the United States Congress.", "Q5511": "Lake Tanganyika is an African Great Lake. It is the second-oldest freshwater lake in the world, the second-largest by volume, and the second-deepest, in all cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. It is the world's longest freshwater lake. The lake is shared between four countries \u2013 Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Burundi, and Zambia, with Tanzania (46%) and DRC (40%) possessing the majority of the lake. It drains into the Congo River system and ultimately into the Atlantic Ocean.", "Q981818": "Viscount Keiz\u014d Shibusawa (\u6e0b\u6ca2 \u656c\u4e09, Shibusawa Keiz\u014d, August 25, 1896 \u2013 October 25, 1963) was a Japanese businessman, central banker, philanthropist and folklorist. He was the 16th Governor of the Bank of Japan (BOJ).", "Q240896": "Marina Vlady (born Marina Catherine de Poliakoff-Baydaroff; 10 May 1938) is a French actress.", "Q3647966": "Dr. Alfredo Jahn Hartman (8 October 1867 \u2013 12 July 1940) was a Venezuelan civil engineer, botanist and geographer. Jahn was a member of the Academy of History, the Academy of Physical Sciences, Mathematics and Naturalist of Venezuela and the Venezuelan Society of Natural Sciences and achieved the Order of the Liberator. He was also an explorer and mountain climber. There is a large cave named after Jahn, \"Cueva Alfredo Jahn\" (The Alfredo Jahn cave). In 1911 he became the first person to ascend Pico Humboldt in the Sierra Nevada de M\u00e9rida in Venezuela.\n\n", "Q143499": "Ram\u00f3n Jos\u00e9 Vel\u00e1squez Mujica (28 November 1916 \u2013 24 June 2014) was a Venezuelan political figure. He served as President of Venezuela between 1993 and 1994. He was an important historian, journalist, lawyer and politician.", "Q973456": "Gabriel Mann (born Gabriel Wilhoit Amis Mick; May 14, 1972) is an American actor and model, known for his role as Nolan Ross on the ABC drama series Revenge. He has co-starred in several films, including The Life of David Gale, The Bourne Identity, and The Bourne Supremacy. Gabriel Mann also studied acting at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City.", "Q2906950": "Paul (Moshe Yosef) Reichmann (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05db\u05de\u05df\u200e\u200e; 27 September 1930 \u2013 25 October 2013) was a Canadian businessman and member of the Reichmann family. He is best known for his leadership of the Olympia & York real estate development company.\n\n", "Q58057": "Johannes Robert Becher (22 May 1891 \u2013 11 October 1958) was a German politician, novelist, and poet. He was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) before World War II. At one time, he was part of the literary avant-garde, writing in an expressionist style.\nWith the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany, modernist artistic movements were suppressed. Becher escaped from a military raid in 1933 and settled in Paris for a couple of years. He migrated to the Soviet Union in 1935 with the central committee of the KPD. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, Becher and other German communists were evacuated to internal exile in Tashkent.\nHe returned to favor in 1942 and was recalled to Moscow. After the end of World War II, Becher left the Soviet Union and returned to Germany, settling in the Soviet-occupied zone that later became East Berlin. As a member of the KPD, he was appointed to various cultural and political positions and became part of the leadership of the Socialist Unity Party. In 1949, he helped found the DDR Academy of Arts, Berlin, and served as its president from 1953 to 1956. In 1953 he was awarded the Stalin Peace Prize (later the Lenin Peace Prize). He was the culture minister of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1954 to 1958.", "Q1064545": "Charles Paulson Ginsburg (July 27, 1920 \u2013 April 9, 1992) was an American engineer and the leader of a research team at Ampex which developed one of the first practical videotape recorders.\n\n", "Q57364": "Karl Ernst Thomas de Maizi\u00e8re (German pronunciation: [d\u0259 m\u025b\u02c8zi\u032f\u025b\u02d0\u0250\u032f]; born 21 January 1954) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as Federal Minister of the Interior from 2009 to 2011 and 2013 to 2018, as well as Federal Minister of Defence from 2011 to 2013. He previously served as Head of the Chancellery and Federal Minister for Special Affairs in the First Merkel cabinet from 2005 to 2009. Since 2009, he has been a member of the Bundestag for Mei\u00dfen.\nAlong with Ursula von der Leyen and Wolfgang Sch\u00e4uble, De Maizi\u00e8re was one of only three ministers to have continuously served in Chancellor Angela Merkel's cabinets from 2005 until 2018. Together with Von der Leyen, he was widely looked on as a possible future successor to Merkel. Before his appointment to the federal cabinet, he served as a minister in the state government of Saxony, including as chief of staff to the Minister-President, State Minister of Finance and State Minister of Justice.", "Q83653": "Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim (Persian: \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645), known by his imperial name Jahangir (Persian: \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0631) (31 August 1569 \u2013 28 October 1627), was the fourth Mughal Emperor, who ruled from 1605 until his death in 1627. His imperial name (in Persian), means 'conqueror of the world', 'world-conqueror' or 'world-seizer' (Jahan: world; gir: the root of the Persian verb gereftan: to seize, to grab). The tale of his relationship with the Mughal courtesan, Anarkali, has been widely adapted into the literature, art and cinema of India.", "Q933072": "Satan are an English heavy metal band originating from Newcastle upon Tyne, England, in 1979, known as part of the new wave of British heavy metal movement. The band is considered influential for playing a form of proto-thrash/speed metal that was fairly advanced by the standards of the early 1980s.Their line-up has undergone a number of personnel changes and even name changes; for a time the band was called Blind Fury, putting out one album, 1985's Out of Reach, under that moniker before reverting to Satan. In 1988, the group changed its name to Pariah, releasing two albums under that name before folding in the early 1990s. In 1998, Pariah released another album. The band's shifting line-up has included members of many other heavy metal bands such as Blitzkrieg, Atomkraft, Avenger, Persian Risk, Cronos and Battleaxe. In 1990, Steve Ramsey (guitar) and Graeme English (bass) together with singer Martin Walkyier of UK thrash metal band Sabbat founded folk metal band Skyclad.\nSatan performed a one-off gig at Germany's Wacken Open Air in 2004 and finally reunited in 2011. Since their reunion, the band has performed at several European festivals and released a new album, Life Sentence, in April, 2013 via Listenable Records. In 2014 the band increased their global reach by touring in North and South America.\nOn 2 October 2015, the band released their fourth studio album, Atom by Atom, while two days earlier the entire album was made available for streaming via Invisible Oranges.In 2018, the band signed a new multi-album recording contract with Metal Blade Records. Their fifth studio album and first under Metal Blade Records, Cruel Magic was released on 7 September 2018. The first single from Cruel Magic, \"The Doomsday Clock\", was released on 6 July.", "Q452011": "Merzbow (\u30e1\u30eb\u30c4\u30d0\u30a6, Merutsubau) is a Japanese noise project started in 1979 by Masami Akita (\u79cb\u7530 \u660c\u7f8e, Akita Masami). Merzbow is best known for a style of harsh, confrontational noise. Since 1980, Akita has released over 400 recordings and has collaborated with various artists.\nThe name Merzbow comes from the German dada artist Kurt Schwitters' artwork Merzbau, in which Schwitters transformed the interior of his house using found objects. The name was chosen to reflect Akita's dada influence and junk art aesthetic. In addition to this, Akita has cited a wide range of musical influences from progressive rock, heavy metal, free jazz, and early electronic music to non-musical influences like dadaism, surrealism, and fetish culture. Since the early 2000s, he has been inspired by animal rights and environmentalism, and began to follow a vegan, straight edge lifestyle.As well as being a prolific musician, he has been a writer and editor for several books and magazines in Japan, and has written several books of his own. He has written about a variety of subjects, mostly about music, modern art, and underground culture. His more renowned works were on the topics of BDSM and Japanese bondage. Other art forms Akita has been interested in include painting, photography, filmmaking, and Butoh dance.In 2000, Extreme Records released the 50 CD box set known as the Merzbox. Akita's work has been the subject of several remix albums and at least one tribute album. This, among other achievements, has helped Merzbow to be regarded by some as the \"most important artist in noise\".\n\n", "Q48244": "Mein Kampf (German: [ma\u026an \u02c8kampf]; My Struggle or My Fight) is a 1925 autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany. Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in 1925 and Volume 2 in 1926. The book was edited firstly by Emil Maurice, then by Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess.Hitler began Mein Kampf while imprisoned for what he considered to be \"political crimes\" following his failed Putsch in Munich in November 1923. Although he received many visitors initially, he soon devoted himself entirely to the book. As he continued, he realized that it would have to be a two-volume work, with the first volume scheduled for release in early 1925. The governor of Landsberg noted at the time that \"he [Hitler] hopes the book will run into many editions, thus enabling him to fulfill his financial obligations and to defray the expenses incurred at the time of his trial.\" After slow initial sales, the book became a bestseller in Germany following Hitler's rise to power in 1933.After Hitler's death, copyright of Mein Kampf passed to the state government of Bavaria, which refused to allow any copying or printing of the book in Germany. In 2016, following the expiration of the copyright held by the Bavarian state government, Mein Kampf was republished in Germany for the first time since 1945, which prompted public debate and divided reactions from Jewish groups.", "Q2580170": "William Otis Crosby (January 14, 1850, Decatur , Byrd Township, Brown County, Ohio - 31 December 1925, Boston) - American geologist and engineer, Professor of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1906), a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1881).\n\n", "Q181900": "Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber ; December 28, 1922 \u2013 November 12, 2018) was an American comic book writer, editor, publisher, and producer. He rose through the ranks of a family-run business to become Marvel Comics' primary creative leader for two decades, leading its expansion from a small division of a publishing house to a multimedia corporation that dominated the comics industry.\nIn collaboration with others at Marvel\u2014particularly co-writer/artists Jack Kirby and Steve Ditko\u2014he co-created numerous popular fictional characters, including superheroes Spider-Man, the X-Men, Iron Man, Thor, the Hulk, Black Widow, the Fantastic Four, Black Panther, Daredevil, Doctor Strange, Scarlet Witch and Ant-Man. The superheroes he created seemed more meaningful and realistic. In doing so, he pioneered a more naturalistic approach to writing superhero comics in the 1960s, and in the 1970s he challenged the restrictions of the Comics Code Authority, indirectly leading to changes in its policies. In the 1980s he pursued the development of Marvel properties in other media, with mixed results. Following his retirement from Marvel in the 1990s, he remained a public figurehead for the company, and frequently made cameo appearances in films and television shows based on Marvel characters, on which he received an executive producer credit. Meanwhile, he continued independent creative ventures into his 90s, until his death in 2018.\nLee was inducted into the comic book industry's Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame in 1994 and the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1995. He received the NEA's National Medal of Arts in 2008.", "Q594644": "F\u00e9lix Leclerc, (August 2, 1914 \u2013 August 8, 1988) was a French-Canadian singer-songwriter, poet, writer, actor and Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois political activist. He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada on December 20, 1968. Leclerc was posthumously inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame for his songs \"Moi, mes souliers\", \"Le P'tit Bonheur\" and \"Le Tour de l'\u00eele\" in 2006.\n\n", "Q70917": "Carl Gr\u00fcnberg (February 10, 1861 \u2013 February 2, 1940) was a German Marxist philosopher of law and history.", "Q247135": "Fine Gael ( F\u026a-n\u0259 GAYL, FIN-\u0259 -\u2060, Irish: [\u02ccf\u02b2\u026an\u02b2\u0259 \u02c8\u0261e\u02d0l\u032a\u02e0]; English: \"Family (or Tribe) of the Irish\") is a conservative Unionist political party in Ireland. Fine Gael is currently the third-largest party in Ireland in terms of members of the Oireachtas and largest in terms of Irish members of the European Parliament. The party has a membership of 21,000. From 2016 to 2020 Fine Gael was the senior partner governing in a minority coalition with several independent politicians, with party leader Leo Varadkar serving as Taoiseach. Varadkar succeeded Enda Kenny as party leader on 2 June 2017 and as Taoiseach on 14 June; Kenny had been leader since 2002, and Taoiseach since 2011.Fine Gael was founded on 8 September 1933 following the merger of its parent party Cumann na nGaedheal, the National Centre Party and the National Guard. Its origins lie in the struggle for Irish independence and the pro-Treaty side in the Irish Civil War and Michael Collins, in particular, is often identified as the founder of the movement.Fine Gael is generally considered to be more of a proponent of market liberalism than its traditional rival, Fianna F\u00e1il. Apart from brief minority governments (as in 1987), Fine Gael has rarely governed Ireland without a coalition that also included the Labour Party, a social-democratic, centre-left party. Fine Gael describes itself as a \"party of the progressive centre\" which it defines as acting \"in a way that is right for Ireland, regardless of dogma or ideology\". It lists its core values as \"equality of opportunity, free enterprise and reward, security, integrity and hope.\" It is strongly in favour of the European Union and opposed to physical force Irish republicanism. The party's youth wing, Young Fine Gael, was formed in 1977, and has approximately four thousand members. Fine Gael is a founding member of the European People's Party.", "Q270799": "Cathy Podewell (born January 27, 1964) is an American actress best known for playing the role of Cally Harper Ewing on Dallas from 1988 to 1991.", "Q92992": "Joshua J. Bloch (born August 28, 1961) is an American software engineer and a technology author, formerly employed at Sun Microsystems and Google. He led the design and implementation of numerous Java platform features, including the Java Collections Framework, the java.math package, and the assert mechanism. He is the author of the programming guide Effective Java (2001), which won the 2001 Jolt Award, and is a co-author of two other Java books, Java Puzzlers (2005) and Java Concurrency In Practice (2006).\nBloch holds a B.S. in computer science from Columbia University and a Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University. His 1990 thesis was titled A Practical Approach to Replication of Abstract Data Objects and was nominated for the ACM Distinguished Doctoral Dissertation Award.Bloch has worked as a Senior Systems Designer at Transarc, and later as a Distinguished Engineer at Sun Microsystems. In June 2004, he left Sun and became Chief Java Architect at Google. On August 3, 2012, Bloch announced that he would be leaving Google.In December 2004, Java Developer's Journal included Bloch in its list of the \"Top 40 Software People in the World\".Bloch has proposed the extension of the Java programming language with two features: Concise Instance Creation Expressions (CICE) (coproposed with Bob Lee and Doug Lea) and Automatic Resource Management (ARM) blocks. The combination of CICE and ARM formed one of the three early proposals for adding support for closures to Java. ARM blocks were added to the language in JDK7.Bloch is currently a faculty member of the Institute for Software Research at Carnegie Mellon University, where he holds the title \"Professor of the Practice\".\n\n", "Q424193": "Levofloxacin, sold under the trade names Levaquin among others, is an antibiotic. It is used to treat a number of bacterial infections including acute bacterial sinusitis, pneumonia, H. pylori (in combination with other medications), urinary tract infections, chronic prostatitis, and some types of gastroenteritis. Along with other antibiotics it may be used to treat tuberculosis, meningitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease. Use is generally recommended only when other options are not available. It is available by mouth, intravenously, and in eye drop form.Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and trouble sleeping. Serious side effects may include tendon rupture, tendon inflammation, seizures, psychosis, and potentially permanent peripheral nerve damage. Tendon damage may appear months after treatment is completed. People may also sunburn more easily. In people with myasthenia gravis, muscle weakness and breathing problems may worsen. While use during pregnancy is not recommended, risk appears to be low. The use of other medications in this class appear to be safe while breastfeeding; however, the safety of levofloxacin is unclear. Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. It usually results in death of the bacteria. It is the left-handed isomer of the medication ofloxacin.Levofloxacin was patented in 1985 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1996. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.44\u20130.95 per week of treatment. In the United States a week of treatment costs about $50\u2013100. In 2017, it was the 165th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than three million prescriptions.", "Q432929": "Andrew Stephen Grove (born Andr\u00e1s Istv\u00e1n Gr\u00f3f; 2 September 1936 \u2013 21 March 2016) was a Hungarian-born American businessman, engineer, author and a pioneer in the semiconductor industry. He escaped from Communist-controlled Hungary at the age of 20 and moved to the United States where he finished his education. He was the third employee and eventual CEO of Intel, helping transform the company into the world's largest manufacturer of semiconductors.As a result of his work at Intel, along with his books and professional articles, Grove had a considerable influence on electronics manufacturing industries worldwide. He has been called the \"guy who drove the growth phase\" of Silicon Valley. In 1997, Time magazine chose him as \"Man of the Year\", for being \"the person most responsible for the amazing growth in the power and the innovative potential of microchips.\" One source notes that by his accomplishments at Intel alone, he \"merits a place alongside the great business leaders of the 20th century.\"In 2000, he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease; he became a contributor to several foundations that sponsor research towards a cure. He died at his home on March 21, 2016; the cause of death was not publicly disclosed.", "Q211373": "Driving Miss Daisy is a 1989 American comedy-drama film directed by Bruce Beresford and written by Alfred Uhry, based on Uhry's play of the same name. The film stars Jessica Tandy, Morgan Freeman, and Dan Aykroyd. Freeman reprised his role from the original Off-Broadway production.\nThe story defines Daisy and her point of view through a network of relationships and emotions by focusing on her home life, synagogue, friends, family, fears, and concerns over a twenty five year period.\nDriving Miss Daisy was a critical and commercial success upon its release and at the 62nd Academy Awards received nine nominations, and won four; Best Picture, Best Actress (for Tandy), Best Makeup, and Best Adapted Screenplay.", "Q3956282": "Sergio Sartorelli (Alessandria, 7 May 1928 \u2013 Torino, 28 November 2009) was a noted Italian automotive designer and engineer.\nDuring his career at Carrozzeria Ghia, OSI, and finally Fiat, Sartorelli became widely known for his work on the Fiat 2300 S Coup\u00e9, Karmann Ghia Type 34, and the Fiat 126.\nHe was the honorary president of the Italian Volkswagen Karmann Ghia Club.", "Q47163": "Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (; c. 80\u201370 BC \u2013 after c. 15 BC), commonly known as Vitruvius, was a Roman author, architect, civil engineer, and military engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work entitled De architectura. His discussion of perfect proportion in architecture and the human body led to the famous Renaissance drawing by Leonardo da Vinci of Vitruvian Man. He was also the one who, in 40 BCE, invented the idea that all buildings should have three attributes: firmitas, utilitas, and venustas, meaning: strength, utility, and beauty. These principles were later adopted by the Romans.\nLittle is known about his life, but by his own description Vitruvius served as an artilleryman, the third class of arms in the military offices. He probably served as a senior officer of artillery in charge of doctores ballistarum (artillery experts) and libratores who actually operated the machines. As an army engineer he specialized in the construction of ballista and scorpio artillery war machines for sieges. It is possible that Vitruvius served with Caesar's chief engineer Lucius Cornelius Balbus.\nVitruvius' works were largely forgotten until 1414, when De architectura was \"rediscovered\" by the Florentine humanist Poggio Bracciolini in the library of Saint Gall Abbey. Leon Battista Alberti published it in his seminal treatise on architecture, De re aedificatoria (c. 1450). The first known Latin printed edition was by Fra Giovanni Sulpitius in Rome, 1486. Translations followed in Italian, French, English, German, Spanish and several other languages. The original illustrations had been lost and the first illustrated edition was published in Venice in 1511 with woodcut illustrations, based on descriptions in the text by Fra Giovanni Giocondo.", "Q1685286": "Jean-Rodolphe Perronet (27 October 1708 \u2013 27 February 1794) was a French architect and structural engineer, known for his many stone arch bridges. His best known work is the Pont de la Concorde (1787).", "Q469093": "Brian O'Nolan (Irish: Brian \u00d3 Nuall\u00e1in; 5 October 1911 \u2013 1 April 1966) was an Irish novelist, playwright and satirist, considered a major figure in twentieth century Irish literature. Born in Strabane, County Tyrone, he is regarded as a key figure in modernist and postmodern literature. His English language novels, such as At Swim-Two-Birds and The Third Policeman, were written under the pen name Flann O'Brien. His many satirical columns in The Irish Times and an Irish language novel An B\u00e9al Bocht were written under the name Myles na gCopaleen.\nO'Nolan's novels have attracted a wide following for their bizarre humour and modernist metafiction. As a novelist, O'Nolan was influenced by James Joyce. He was nonetheless sceptical of the cult of Joyce, which overshadows much of Irish writing, saying \"I declare to God if I hear that name Joyce one more time I will surely froth at the gob.\"", "Q280318": "Rasie Michael Bailey (born February 14, 1939) is an American country music artist, known professionally as Razzy Bailey.\n\n", "Q169516": "The Kelly Family are a Dutch music group consisting of a multi-generational family, usually consisting of nineteen siblings joined occasionally on stage in their earlier years by their father and mother. They play a repertoire of rock, pop, and folk music. They have had chart and concert success around the world, especially in Germany, the Benelux countries, Scandinavia, Poland, Spain and Portugal. They have officially sold over 20 million albums, though they sold their albums on concerts from Tours Europe to Over the Hump, except the Polydor years. The Kelly Family was ranked as the 6th most popular music act in Germany in the 1990s. Despite its Irish-American origins, the group is virtually unknown in Ireland and the United States.\nThey have sung in English, Spanish, German, Italian, Basque, French, Dutch, Irish, Luxembourgish, Latin, Japanese and Maltese.\nThe group was formed as The Kelly Kids in 1974. For many years, the group presented a ragamuffin image and a vagabonding lifestyle, travelling around Europe in a double-decker bus and houseboat. Their image was enhanced by their eclectic and often homemade clothing, and the very long hair worn by both male and female members of the band. The Kelly Family began to break up in 2000 and afterwards they performed mostly as individuals or sub-sets of the full group and took on a more mainstream look.", "Q215115": "August Wilhelm Iffland (19 April 1759 \u2013 22 September 1814) was a German actor and dramatic author.", "Q253140": "Viticulture (from the Latin word for vine) or winegrowing (wine growing) is the cultivation and harvesting of grapes. It is a branch of the science of horticulture. While the native territory of Vitis vinifera, the common grape vine, ranges from Western Europe to the Persian shores of the Caspian Sea, the vine has demonstrated high levels of adaptability to new environments, hence viticulture can be found on every continent except Antarctica.Duties of the viticulturist include monitoring and controlling pests and diseases, fertilizing, irrigation, canopy management, monitoring fruit development and characteristics, deciding when to harvest, and vine pruning during the winter months. Viticulturists are often intimately involved with winemakers, because vineyard management and the resulting grape characteristics provide the basis from which winemaking can begin.\nA great number of varieties are now approved in the European Union as true grapes for winegrowing and viticulture.", "Q25080": "Ilya Lvovich Oleynikov (born Ilya Lvovich Klyaver; 10 July 1947 \u2013 11 November 2012) was a Russian comic actor and television personality, TEFI winner (1996, 2001), People's Artist of Russia (2001).", "Q311401": "R\u00f3mulo \u00c1ngel del Monte Carmelo Gallegos Freire (2 August 1884 \u2013 5 April 1969) was a Venezuelan novelist and politician. For a period of some nine months during 1948, he was the first cleanly elected president in his country's history.", "Q101866": "Gregory VIII (Latin: Gregorius VIII; c. 1100/1105 \u2013 17 December 1187), born Alberto di Morra, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States for two months in 1187.", "Q140184": "Alberto Pollio (21 April 1852 \u2013 1 July 1914) was an Italian general, who was Chief of Staff of the Italian army from 1908 to his death.", "Q13532": "Merikukka Forsius (born August 12, 1972, in Helsinki) is a Finnish politician and former member of the Finnish Parliament, representing the centre-right National Coalition Party (Kokoomus). She was first elected to parliament in 1999 from the Finnish Green League, but defected to National Coalition Party in 2008. She has also been a member of the city council of Vihti from 1997 to 2003.\nForsius has a master's degree in education from the University of Turku. She has been married twice, and has two sons: Dan (born 2004) nad Jim (born 2008). Her second husband was Harry Harkimo, and he is the father of her first son, Dan. Forsius and Harkimo divorced after Dan's birth. Forsius was involved with prime minister Matti Vanhanen during spring and summer 2007. In September 2007 she got engaged to Vihti municipal manager Petri H\u00e4rk\u00f6nen, but they split up in November. Their son, Jim, was born in spring 2008. Forsius currently lives in Vihti with her sons. In 2014 it was announced that Forsius got engaged to a female teacher.", "Q222961": "Rose Antonia Maria Valland (1 November 1898 \u2013 18 September 1980) was a French art historian, member of the French Resistance, captain in the French military, and one of the most decorated women in French history. She secretly recorded details of the Nazi plundering of National French and private Jewish-owned art from France; and, working with the French Resistance, she saved thousands of works of art.", "Q1699877": "John Edward \"Jack\" Cunningham III (born March 27, 1931) is a former Republican U.S. Representative from Washington's seventh district. Prior to that, Cunningham served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1973 to 1975, and in the Washington Senate from 1975 to 1977. He served in the United States Air Force Reserve in 1953 and 1954. Cunningham lived in Des Moines, Washington.\nCunningham was elected as a Republican to the seventh district vacancy in a special election when U.S. Representative Brock Adams resigned to become Secretary of Transportation. However his victory in this liberal district was more the result of confusion with Adams's resignation. Cunningham lost reelection in 1978, and served from May 17, 1977 \u2013 January 3, 1979.", "Q168608": "Thomas Maduit Nelson (September 27, 1782 \u2013 November 10, 1853) was a 19th-century politician from Virginia, United States.", "Q1556700": "Louis Ren\u00e9 Fernand Gallois (born 26 January 1944) is a French businessman. He was the CEO of EADS, the European aeronautic defense and space company, from 2007 to 2012.", "Q7896545": "The University of Virginia School of Law (Virginia Law or UVA Law) was founded in Charlottesville in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson as part of his \"academical village,\" the University of Virginia, where law was one of the original disciplines taught. UVA Law is the fourth-oldest active law school in the United States and the second-oldest continuously operating law school. The law school offers the J.D., LL.M., and S.J.D. degrees in law and hosts visiting scholars, visiting researchers and a number of legal research centers.\nUVA Law is perennially regarded as one of the 10 most prestigious law schools in the United States. As of 2020, U.S. News & World Report ranks UVA Law as eighth in the nation. In the 2019 Above the Law rankings, which focuses on employment outcomes, UVA Law ranked first in the nation. A study published in the Journal of Legal Education ranked UVA Law fourth in the number of partners in the National Law Journal's top 100 firms. Also, UVA Law has recently ranked high in federal clerkship placement, behind only Harvard Law School and Yale Law School for the 2005-2010 period.Notable alumni include U.S. Supreme Court Justices James Clark McReynolds and Stanley Forman Reed, as well as numerous members of U.S. Congress and judges on federal courts throughout the United States. UVA Law has 19,984 alumni in all 50 states, more than 60 foreign countries and several U.S. protectorates.", "Q317070": "The University of Mannheim (in German: Universit\u00e4t Mannheim), abbreviated UMA, is a public research university in Mannheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. Founded in 1967, the university has its origins in the Palatine Academy of Sciences, which was established by Elector Carl Theodor at Mannheim Palace in 1763, as well as the Handelshochschule (Commercial College Mannheim), which was founded in 1907.The university offers undergraduate and graduate programs in business administration, economics, law, social sciences, humanities, mathematics, computer science and information systems. The university's campus is located in the city center of Mannheim and its main campus is in the Mannheim Palace. In the academic year 2016/2017 the university had 12,000 full-time students, 907 academic staff, with 194 professors, and a total income of around \u20ac123 million. It is organized into five schools and two graduate colleges.", "Q121208": "Giovanni Orelli (30 October 1928, Bedretto, Switzerland - 3 December 2016, Lugano) was a Swiss poet and writer who worked in Italian and the Ticinese dialect. His cousin Giorgio Orelli was a poet and literary critic.", "Q1005": "The Gambia ( (listen); Mandinka: Kambiya; Wolof: G\u00e1mbi), officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in Western Africa. It is the smallest country within mainland Africa, and is surrounded by Senegal, except for its western coast on the Atlantic Ocean. The Gambia is situated on both sides of the lower reaches of the Gambia River, the nation's namesake, which flows through the centre of The Gambia and empties into the Atlantic Ocean. It has an area of 10,689 square kilometres (4,127 sq mi) with a population of 1,857,181 as of the April 2013 census. Banjul is the Gambian capital and the largest cities are Serekunda and Brikama.The Gambia shares historical roots with many other West African nations in the slave trade, which was the key factor in the placing and keeping of a colony on the Gambia River, first by the Portuguese, during which era it was known as A G\u00e2mbia. Later, on 25 May 1765, The Gambia was made a part of the British Empire when the government formally assumed control, establishing the Province of Senegambia. In 1965, The Gambia gained independence under the leadership of Dawda Jawara, who ruled until Yahya Jammeh seized power in a bloodless 1994 coup. Adama Barrow became The Gambia's third president in January 2017, after defeating Jammeh in the December 2016 elections. Jammeh initially accepted the results, then refused to accept them, which triggered a constitutional crisis and military intervention by the Economic Community of West African States, resulting in his exile.The Gambia's economy is dominated by farming, fishing and, especially, tourism. In 2015, 48.6% of the population lived in poverty. In rural areas, poverty is even more widespread, at almost 70%.", "Q275187": "Letters from Iwo Jima (\u786b\u9ec4\u5cf6\u304b\u3089\u306e\u624b\u7d19, I\u014djima Kara no Tegami) is a 2006 Japanese-language American war film directed and co-produced by Clint Eastwood, starring Ken Watanabe and Kazunari Ninomiya. The film portrays the Battle of Iwo Jima from the perspective of the Japanese soldiers and is a companion piece to Eastwood's Flags of Our Fathers, which depicts the same battle from the American viewpoint; the two films were shot back to back. Letters from Iwo Jima is almost entirely in Japanese, although it was produced by American companies DreamWorks, Malpaso Productions, and Amblin Entertainment. After Flags of Our Fathers underperformed at the box office, Paramount Pictures swapped the United States distribution rights to Warner Bros., who had the international rights.\nThe film was released in Japan on December 9, 2006 and received a limited release in the United States on December 20, 2006 in order to be eligible for consideration for the 79th Academy Awards. It was subsequently released in more areas of the U.S. on January 12, 2007, and was released in most states on January 19. An English-dubbed version of the film premiered on April 7, 2008. Upon release, the film received critical acclaim and did slightly better at the box office than its companion.", "Q909488": "Bras\u00edlia\u2013Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek International Airport (IATA: BSB, ICAO: SBBR) is the only international airport serving Bras\u00edlia. The airport was named after Juscelino Kubitschek (1902\u20131976), the 21st President of Brazil. It is located in the administrative region of Lago Sul, in the Federal District. Some of its facilities are shared with the Brazilian Air Force. It is operated by Inframerica.", "Q119797": "Johann Diederich Gries (7 February 1775 - 9 February 1842) was a German poet and socialite during the Romantic period. His extensive list of friends and acquaintances included Goethe and Schiller. Viewed through the prism of intervening years, his most enduring contribution is as a translator.", "Q329820": "\u00d8ystein L\u00f8nn (born 12 April 1936, in Kristiansand) is a Norwegian writer. He made his literary debut in 1966 with the short stories Prosesjonen, and followed up with the novel Kontinentene in 1967.\nHe remained a relatively unknown writer until the 1990s, when he received several literary awards.", "Q117962": "Arild Asp\u00f8y is a Norwegian journalist, writer, director and editor.\nAsp\u00f8y has primarily been active as an investigative journalist and author.\nAsp\u00f8y's articles on the black market in heavy water led Norway to stop the export of this material, which has contributed to the development of nuclear weapons in several countries. In a series of articles in VG, he showed that heavy water produced by Norsk Hydro had ended up in Indian nuclear reactors used for the production of nuclear weapons. In 1983, heavy water was smuggled from Oslo to India using a German courier. The revelation led to an international investigation by the Norwegian Police Security Service. Together with the disclosure by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) that the same German black market operator had smuggled heavy water from Norway to the Ceausescu regime in Romania, Asp\u00f8y's expos\u00e9 was a main reason that the export of heavy water from Norway was stopped.Asp\u00f8y developed this case further in his book Familiejuveler: Tungtvann, v\u00e5pen og CIA (Family Jewels: Heavy water, weapons and the CIA; Cappelen, 1990). Here he shows how the smuggling of heavy water from Norway was carried out by an illegal global network that performed extensive smuggling of nuclear materials and weapons, sometimes in cooperation with intelligence agencies and authorities.\nFrom 1993 to 2007, Asp\u00f8y was a director and journalist in the documentary division of NRK television. \nIn 2011 he published the novel Fredsfyrster (Princes of Peace; Aschehoug), a thriller about an attempt to secure the Nobel Peace Prize. The reviewer for the daily Verdens Gang (VG) referred to it as \"One of this somewhat special fall's most interesting and successful Norwegian thrillers\" and rated it 5 out of 6.He holds a degree of Cand.polit. (Master's) in comparative politics from the University of Bergen.", "Q151937": "My Date with Drew is a 2004 independent documentary film starring and directed by Brian Herzlinger. The film heavily utilizes guerrilla filmmaking and received numerous awards for this.", "Q225968": "Arnold Shultz (1886\u20131931) was an African-American fiddler and guitarist who is noted as a major influence in the development of the \"thumb-style,\" or \"Travis picking\" method of playing guitar.", "Q215673": "Errico Malatesta (4 December 1853 \u2013 22 July 1932) was an Italian anarchist. He spent much of his life exiled from Italy and in total spent more than ten years in prison. Malatesta wrote and edited a number of radical newspapers and was also a friend of Mikhail Bakunin.", "Q383605": "Delitto sull'autostrada (Crime on the Highway) is a 1982 Italian \"poliziottesco\"-comedy film directed by Bruno Corbucci. It is the ninth chapter in the Nico Giraldi film series starring Tomas Milian.", "Q8747": "Euclid (; Ancient Greek: \u0395\u1f50\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u2013 Eukle\u00edd\u0113s, pronounced [eu\u032f.kle\u02d0.d\u025b\u02d0s]; fl. 300 BC), sometimes called Euclid of Alexandria to distinguish him from Euclid of Megara, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the \"founder of geometry\" or the \"father of geometry\". He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I (323\u2013283 BC). His Elements is one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics, serving as the main textbook for teaching mathematics (especially geometry) from the time of its publication until the late 19th or early 20th century. In the Elements, Euclid deduced the theorems of what is now called Euclidean geometry from a small set of axioms. Euclid also wrote works on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number theory, and mathematical rigour.\nThe English name Euclid is the anglicized version of the Greek name \u0395\u1f50\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2, which means \"renowned, glorious\".", "Q253626": "Jun Ji-hyun (born Wang Ji-hyun on 30 October 1981), also known by her English name Gianna Jun, is a South Korean actress and model. She rose to fame for her role as The Girl in the romantic comedy My Sassy Girl (2001), one of the highest-grossing Korean comedies of all time. Other notable films include Il Mare (2000), Windstruck (2004), The Thieves (2012), The Berlin File (2013) and Assassination (2015).\nJun has also starred in television series My Love from the Star (2013\u20132014) and Legend of the Blue Sea (2016\u20132017). The success of her films and television dramas internationally established her as a top Hallyu star.", "Q156080": "Opava (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8opava] (listen); German: Troppau, Lower Silesian: Tropp, Polish: Opawa, Latin: Oppavia) is a city in the eastern Czech Republic on the river Opava, located to the north-west of Ostrava. Opava is one of the historical centres of Silesia. It was a historical capital of Czech Silesia. Opava is now in the Moravian-Silesian Region and has a population of more than 55,000.", "Q1738713": "Kendra Todd (born April 6, 1978) is a real estate broker in Seattle, Washington. In 2005, she was the winner of season 3 of NBC's The Apprentice. She was the first female candidate, and the youngest, to be hired on the U.S. Apprentice.", "Q43463": "Fortaleza ([fo\u0281ta\u02c8lez\u0250], locally [f\u0254\u0266ta\u02c8lez\u0250], Portuguese for Fortress) is the state capital of Cear\u00e1, located in Northeastern Brazil. It belongs to the Metropolitan mesoregion of Fortaleza and microregion of Fortaleza. It is Brazil's 5th largest city and the twelfth richest city in the country in GDP. It also has the third richest metropolitan area in the North and Northeast regions. It is an important industrial and commercial center of Brazil, the nation's eighth largest municipality in purchasing power. According to the Ministry of Tourism, the city reached the mark of second most desired destination of Brazil and fourth among Brazilian cities in tourists received. The BR-116, the most important highway of the country, starts in Fortaleza. The municipality is part of the Common Market of Mercosur Cities, and also the Brazilian state capital which is closest to Europe, 5608 km (3484 miles) from Lisbon, Portugal.To the north of the city lies the Atlantic Ocean; to the south are the municipalities of Pacatuba, Eus\u00e9bio, Maracana\u00fa and Itaitinga; to the east is the municipality of Aquiraz and the Atlantic Ocean; and to the west is the municipality of Caucaia. Residents of the city are known as Fortalezenses. Fortaleza is one of the three leading cities in the Northeast region together with Recife and Salvador.", "Q492221": "The Travellers Club is a private gentlemen's club situated at 106 Pall Mall in London, United Kingdom. It is the oldest of the surviving Pall Mall clubs and one of the most exclusive, having been established in 1819. It was described as \"the quintessential English gentleman's club\" by the Los Angeles Times in 2004.\n\n", "Q449425": "Jin Hee-kyung (born September 7, 1968) is a South Korean actress.", "Q87347": "Johann Kaspar Freiherr von Seiller was the first freely elected mayor of Vienna.", "Q234865": "Sue Taylor Grafton (April 24, 1940 \u2013 December 28, 2017) was an American author of detective novels. She is best known as the author of the \"alphabet series\" (\"A\" Is for Alibi, etc.) featuring private investigator Kinsey Millhone in the fictional city of Santa Teresa, California. The daughter of detective novelist C. W. Grafton, she said the strongest influence on her crime novels was author Ross Macdonald. Before her success with this series, she wrote screenplays for television movies.", "Q3027563": "Lowell Tom Perry (August 5, 1922 \u2013 May 30, 2015) was an American businessman and religious leader who was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1974 until his death.\n\n", "Q452763": "Earl Boen (; born August 8, 1941) is an American actor and voice actor, best known as criminal psychologist Dr. Peter Silberman in The Terminator (1984), Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003) and Terminator: Dark Fate (2019, archive footage only). He is the only actor besides Arnold Schwarzenegger to appear in each of the first three Terminator films and Dark Fate.\nBoen is also very active in the voice-over field. He is known for voicing characters such as Mr. Bleakman in Clifford the Big Red Dog, Police Chief Kanifky in Bonkers, the Narrator in World of Warcraft and Captain LeChuck in the Monkey Island series.", "Q211415": "Edward James Olmos (born February 24, 1947) is an American actor, director, producer, and activist. He is best known for his roles as Lieutenant Martin \"Marty\" Castillo in Miami Vice (1984\u20131989), Actor and Director in American Me (1992), William Adama in the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica (2004\u20132009), teacher Jaime Escalante in Stand and Deliver (1988), and Detective Gaff in Blade Runner (1982), and its sequel Blade Runner 2049 (2017). In 2018, he played the father of two biker gang members in the FX series Mayans MC.\nFor his work in Miami Vice, Olmos won the 1985 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, as well as the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Series, Miniseries or Television Film. For his performance in Stand and Deliver, Olmos was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role.\nHe is also known for his roles as patriarch Abraham Quintanilla in the film Selena, narrator El Pachuco in both the stage and film versions of Zoot Suit, and the voice of Chicharr\u00f3n in Coco.\nOver the course of his career, Olmos has been a pioneer for more diversified roles and images of Hispanics in the U.S. media. His notable direction, production, and starring roles for films, made-for-TV movies, and TV shows include Wolfen, Triumph of the Spirit, Talent for the Game, American Me, The Burning Season, My Family/Mi Familia, Caught, 12 Angry Men, The Disappearance of Garcia Lorca, Walkout, The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit, American Family, and Dexter.", "Q3612": "Antofagasta (Spanish pronunciation: [antofa\u02c8\u0263asta] (listen)) is a port city in northern Chile, about 1,100 kilometres (700 mi) north of Santiago. It is the capital of Antofagasta Province and Antofagasta Region. According to the 2015 census, the city has a population of 402,669.Previously part of Bolivia, Antofagasta was captured by Chile in the War of the Pacific (1879\u201383), and sovereignty was transferred under the terms of the 1904 Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the two countries.\nThe city of Antofagasta is closely linked to mining activity, being a major mining area of the country. The last decade has seen a steady growth in the areas of construction, retail, hotel accommodations, population growth, and remarkable skyline development.\nAntofagasta has the highest GDP per capita of Chile, US$47,000 and the 3rd place for Human Development Index just after Metropolitana de Santiago Region and Magallanes and Ant\u00e1rtica Chilena Region.", "Q31793": "Franz Xaver Schwarz (27 November 1875 \u2013 2 December 1947) was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) functionary and politician in Nazi Germany. He served as Reichsschatzmeister (National Treasurer) of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) during most of the party's existence.\n\n", "Q57416": "Joseph Kabila Kabange ( kab-EE-l\u0259, French: [\u0292\u0254z\u025bf kabila]; born 4 June 1971) is a Congolese politician who served as President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between January 2001 and January 2019. He took office ten days after the assassination of his father, President Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila. He was elected as President in 2006 and re-elected in 2011 for a second term. Since stepping down after the 2018 election, Kabila, as a former president, will be a senator for life, according to the Constitution of the DRC.Kabila's term was due to expire on 20 December 2016, according to the terms of the constitution adopted in 2006. Officials suggested that elections would be held in November 2016, but on 29 September 2016, the nation's electoral authority announced that the election would not be held until early 2018. Talk focused on the need for a census before holding elections. In August 2018, Kabila announced that he would step down and not seek reelection in the December 2018 general election.While in power, Joseph Kabila faced continuous wars in eastern Congo and internal rebel forces supported by the neighboring governments of Uganda and Rwanda.", "Q912916": "Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (IATA: PHX, ICAO: KPHX, FAA LID: PHX) is a civil-military public airport 3 miles (2.6 nmi; 4.8 km) east of downtown Phoenix, in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. It is Arizona's largest and busiest airport, and among the largest commercial airports in the United States. In 2019, PHX served 46,288,337 passengers, the most in the airport's history. In 2018, PHX was ranked the 44th-busiest airport in the world.The airport serves as the sixth-largest hub for American Airlines with over 250 daily departures to 102 destinations in 5 countries. American carries nearly 46% of all PHX passengers as of December 2017 (more than 20 million passengers) and employs nearly 9,500 people, making it the airport's largest carrier. The airport also serves as one of the largest operating bases for Southwest Airlines with 188 daily departures to 53 cities across the United States.\nThe airport is also home to the 161st Air Refueling Wing (161 ARW), an Air Mobility Command (AMC)-gained unit of the Arizona Air National Guard. The military enclave is known as the Goldwater Air National Guard Base. One of two flying units in the Arizona ANG, the 161 ARW currently flies the KC-135R Stratotanker aircraft. In addition to its domestic role as a National Guard unit, answering to the Governor of Arizona, the 161 ARW also performs both a stateside and overseas role as a USAF organization, supporting air refueling and air mobility missions worldwide.", "Q3161244": "James Mason Hutchings (February 10, 1820 \u2013 October 31, 1902) was an American businessman and one of the principal promoters of what is now Yosemite National Park.\nBorn in England, Hutchings immigrated to the U.S. in 1848, then went to California in 1849 during the Gold Rush. He became wealthy as a miner, lost it all in a bank failure, then became wealthy again from publishing.\nIn 1853, he published The Miner's Ten Commandments.On July 5, 1855 James Hutchings set out on what would be one of the most historic trips to the region, leading the second tourist party into Yosemite. (The first tourist party, in 1854, was led by Robert Bruce Lamon, but no account of the trip is known to be written.) He then became one of the first settlers in Yosemite Valley. Hutchings published an illustrated magazine, Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine that told the world about Yosemite and the Sierra. It was said \"...upon the return of Hutchings' party, the descriptions staggered the skeptics and silenced the croakers. From this time forward can be considered the commencement of the visits of tourists.\" He was a tireless promoter, of himself and Yosemite. After Yosemite Valley was granted to California as protected land in 1864, Hutchings, through his interpretation of existing preemption laws, believed he was entitled to 160 acres (647,000 m\u00b2) of land in the Valley. He sued, unsuccessfully, to have those acres deeded to himself; the U.S. Supreme Court ruled Congress could establish the Yosemite Grant. He did, however, get a generous payment from the state to help compensate for loss of land use. In 1875, he was banished from Yosemite Valley because of his constant challenging of the law prohibiting the construction of buildings on public lands.\nHutchings remarried twice and was an innkeeper for the Calaveras Big Tree Grove Hotel, north of Yosemite. Hutchings' prominence in Yosemite Valley allowed him to connect with figures of great importance to the history of Yosemite, including John Muir, Galen Clark and James McCauley.\nWhile visiting Yosemite, Hutchings was killed on October 31, 1902 when his horse reared and threw him from his buggy.", "Q964658": "Outlaw country is a subgenre of American country music, most popular during the 1970s and early 1980s, sometimes referred to as the outlaw movement or simply outlaw music. The music has its roots in earlier subgenres like honky tonk and rockabilly and is characterized by a blend of rock and folk rhythms, country instrumentation and introspective lyrics. The movement began as a reaction to the slick production and popular structures of the Nashville sound developed by record producers like Chet Atkins.Early \"outlaws\" include Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, Kris Kristofferson, Shel Silverstein, Chris Gantry, Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, Guy Clark, Jessi Colter, Tompall Glaser, David Allan Coe, Sammi Smith, and Tanya Tucker. Other associated artists include Hank Williams Jr., Charlie Daniels, B. W. Stevenson, the Eli Radish Band, Leon Russell, Townes Van Zandt, Billy Joe Shaver, Steve Earle, Joe Ely, Johnny Paycheck, Ed Bruce and Gary Stewart.", "Q103917": "Steven Andrew Soderbergh (; born January 14, 1963) is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, producer, and actor. An early pioneer of modern independent cinema, Soderbergh is an acclaimed and prolific filmmaker. \nSoderbergh's directorial breakthrough\u2014indie drama Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989)\u2014lifted him into the public spotlight as a notable presence in the film industry. At 26, Soderbergh became the youngest solo director to win the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival which garnered the film worldwide commercial success, among numerous accolades. His breakthrough saw him to Hollywood where he directed crime comedy Out of Sight (1998); biopic Erin Brockovich (2000) and crime drama film Traffic (2000), the latter winning him the Academy Award for Best Director. He found further popular and critical success with the Ocean's trilogy and film franchise (2001\u201318); Contagion (2011); Magic Mike (2012); Side Effects (2013); Logan Lucky (2017); and Unsane (2018). Despite his film career spanning a multitude of genres, his cinematic niche centers on psychological, crime, and heist thrillers. His films have grossed over US$2.2 billion worldwide and garnered nine Oscar nominations, winning seven.\nSoderbergh's films often revolve around familiar concepts often used for big budget Hollywood movies but with an avant garde arthouse approach to them. They center on the themes of shifting personal identities, vengeance, sexuality, morality, and the human condition. His feature films retain distinctive cinematography as a result of his liberal use of avant-garde cinema coupled with unconventional film and camera formats. Many of Soderbergh's films are anchored by multi-dimensional storylines with plot twists, nonlinear storytelling, experimental sequencing, suspenseful soundscapes, and third person vantage points.", "Q728711": "A Playmate is a female model featured in the centerfold/gatefold of Playboy magazine as Playmate of the Month (PMOM). The PMOM's pictorial includes nude photographs and a centerfold poster, along with a pictorial biography and the \"Playmate Data Sheet\", which lists her birthdate, measurements, turn-ons, and turn-offs. At the end of the year, one of the 12 Playmates of the Month is named Playmate of the Year (PMOY). Every Playmate of the Month is awarded a prize of US$25,000 and each Playmate of the Year receives an additional prize of US$100,000 plus a car (specifically, a short-term lease of a car) and other discretionary gifts. In addition, Anniversary Playmates are usually chosen to celebrate a milestone year of the magazine.\nPlayboy encourages potential Playmates to send photos with \"girl next door\" appeal for consideration; others may submit photos of Playmate candidates, and may be eligible for a finder's fee if their model is selected. In addition, \"casting calls\" are held regularly in major US cities to offer opportunities for women to test for Playboy. Until just prior to the death of Hugh Hefner, he personally selected each Playmate of the Month and every Playmate of the Year, taking into account an annual readers' poll.\nAccording to Playboy, there is no such thing as a former Playmate because \"Once a Playmate, always a Playmate\".", "Q175881": "The Roman Republic (Italian: Repubblica Romana) was proclaimed on 15 February 1798 after Louis-Alexandre Berthier, a general of Napoleon, had invaded the city of Rome on 10 February. The Roman Republic was one of the Italian \"sister republics\" of Revolutionary France. It was placed under the French Directory and was composed of territory conquered from the Papal States. Pope Pius VI was exiled to France and died there in 1799. It immediately took control of the other two former-papal revolutionary administrations, the Tiberina Republic and the Anconine Republic. The Roman Republic was short-lived, as the Papal States were restored in October 1799.", "Q18301": "Li Peng (Chinese: \u674e\u9e4f; pinyin: L\u01d0 P\u00e9ng; 20 October 1928 \u2013 22 July 2019) was a Chinese politician. Li served as the fourth Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1987 to 1998, and as the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body, from 1998 to 2003. For much of the 1990s Li was ranked second in the Communist Party of China (CPC) hierarchy behind then Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin. He retained his seat on the CPC Politburo Standing Committee until his retirement in 2002.\nLi was the son of an early Communist revolutionary, Li Shuoxun, who was executed by the Kuomintang. After meeting Zhou Enlai in Sichuan, Li was raised by Zhou and his wife, Deng Yingchao. Li trained to be an engineer in the USSR and worked at an important national power company after returning to China. He escaped the political turmoil of the 1950s, '60s and '70s due to his political connections and his employment in the company. After Deng Xiaoping became China's leader in the late 1970s, Li took a number of increasingly important and powerful political positions, eventually becoming premier in 1987.\nAs Premier, Li was the most visible representative of China's government who backed the use of force to quell the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. During the protests Li used his authority as premier to declare martial law and, in cooperation with Deng Xiaoping, who was the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, ordered the June 1989 military crackdown against student pro-democracy demonstrators in Tiananmen Square. Li advocated a largely conservative approach to Chinese economic reform, which placed him at odds with General Secretary Zhao Ziyang, who fell out of favour in 1989. After Zhao was removed from office Li promoted a conservative socialist economic agenda, but lost influence to incoming vice-premier Zhu Rongji and was unable to prevent the increasing free-market liberalization of the Chinese economy. During his time in office he helmed the controversial Three Gorges Dam project. He and his family managed a large Chinese power monopoly, which the Chinese government broke up after his term as premier expired. Li died at the age of 90 in Beijing.", "Q122701": "Sir William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 1824 \u2013 17 December 1907) was an Irish-Scottish (of Ulster Scots heritage) mathematical physicist and engineer who was born in Belfast in 1824. At the University of Glasgow he did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and did much to unify the emerging discipline of physics in its modern form. He worked closely with mathematics professor Hugh Blackburn in his work. He also had a career as an electric telegraph engineer and inventor, which propelled him into the public eye and ensured his wealth, fame and honour. For his work on the transatlantic telegraph project he was knighted in 1866 by Queen Victoria, becoming Sir William Thomson. He had extensive maritime interests and was most noted for his work on the mariner's compass, which previously had limited reliability.\nAbsolute temperatures are stated in units of kelvin in his honour. While the existence of a lower limit to temperature (absolute zero) was known prior to his work, Kelvin is known for determining its correct value as approximately \u2212273.15 degree Celsius or \u2212459.67 degree Fahrenheit.\nHe was ennobled in 1892 in recognition of his achievements in thermodynamics, and of his opposition to Irish Home Rule, becoming Baron Kelvin, of Largs in the County of Ayr. He was the first British scientist to be elevated to the House of Lords. The title refers to the River Kelvin, which flows near his laboratory at the University of Glasgow. His home was the red sandstone mansion Netherhall, in Largs. Despite offers of elevated posts from several world-renowned universities, Kelvin refused to leave Glasgow, remaining professor of Natural Philosophy for over 50 years, until his eventual retirement from that post. The Hunterian Museum at the University of Glasgow has a permanent exhibition on the work of Kelvin including many of his original papers, instruments, and other artifacts, such as his smoking pipe.\nActive in industrial research and development, he was recruited around 1899 by George Eastman to serve as vice-chairman of the board of the British company Kodak Limited, affiliated with Eastman Kodak.", "Q392720": "Joanna Stingray (Russian: \u0414\u0436\u043e\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439 Dzhoanna Stingrey, [d\u0290\u0250\u02c8an\u0259 s\u02b2t\u02b2\u026an\u02c8\u0261r\u025bj], born Joanna Fields, 1960, USA) is an American singer, actress, music producer and socialite. She was a key figure in popularising Soviet and Russian rock music and culture in the West in the 1980s.", "Q234695": "Marie Dionne Warwick ( DEE-on; n\u00e9e Warrick; born December 12, 1940) is a six-time Grammy Award-winning singer, actress, television host, and former United Nations Global Ambassador for the Food and Agriculture Organization and United States Ambassador of Health.\nWarwick ranks among the 40 biggest hit makers of the entire rock era (1955\u20131999), based on the Billboard Hot 100 Pop Singles Charts. She is one of the most-charted female vocalists of all time, with 56 of her singles making the Billboard Hot 100 between 1962 and 1998, and 80 singles making all Billboard charts combined.", "Q99151": "Ourense ( oh-REN-say, Galician: [ow\u02c8\u027e\u025bns\u026a]; Spanish: Orense [o\u02c8\u027eense]) is a city and capital of the province of the same name located in the autonomous community of Galicia, northwestern Spain. It is on the Portuguese Way path of the Road of St James (Camino de Santiago).", "Q9471": "Epistemology ( (listen); from Greek \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7, epist\u0113m\u0113, meaning 'knowledge', and -logy) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.\nEpistemology is the study of the nature of knowledge, justification, and the rationality of belief. Much debate in epistemology centers on four areas: (1) the philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and how it relates to such concepts as truth, belief, and justification, (2) various problems of skepticism, (3) the sources and scope of knowledge and justified belief, and (4) the criteria for knowledge and justification. Epistemology addresses such questions as: \"What makes justified beliefs justified?\", \"What does it mean to say that we know something?\", and fundamentally \"How do we know that we know?\"", "Q158085": "The Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (German: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaften e. V.; abbreviated MPG) is a formally independent non-governmental and non-profit association of German research institutes founded in 1911 as the Kaiser Wilhelm Society and renamed the Max Planck Society in 1948 in honor of its former president, theoretical physicist Max Planck. The society is funded by the federal and state governments of Germany.", "Q966067": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Mahen (12 December 1882 \u2013 22 May 1939) was a Czech novelist, playwright and essayist.", "Q107581": "Georg Ga\u00dfmann (28 May 1910 in Marburg \u2013 5 August 1987 in Marburg) was a German politician.\nAs a member of the SPD, Ga\u00dfmann was the mayor of Marburg for nearly 20 years and a member of the Hessian Landtag in Wiesbaden.After serving as a politician, Ga\u00dfmann was awarded the Gro\u00dfes Verdienstkreuz, one of the German Federal Crosses of Merit. The Georg-Ga\u00dfmann-Stadion in Marburg was also named in his honour.", "Q532915": "Noel John Christopher Harrison (29 January 1934 \u2013 19 October 2013) was an English actor who had a hit singing \"The Windmills of Your Mind\" in 1968, and was a member of the British Olympic skiing team in the 1950s. He was the son of the actor Rex Harrison.\n\n", "Q713977": "Michael David \"Mike\" Lindup (born 17 March 1959) is a musician best known as the keyboard player and falsetto voiced singer, who joined with Mark King and brothers Phil and Boon Gould to form the 1980s\u20131990s British jazz-funk/pop rock band, Level 42.", "Q169258": "Prince Zdzis\u0142aw Lubomirski (pronounced [\u02c8\u0291d\u0361\u0291iswaf lub\u0254\u02c8mirsk\u02b2i ]; 1865\u20131943) was a Polish aristocrat, landowner, lawyer, a conservative politician and social activist. The Prince was chairman of the \"Central Civil Committee\" (Centralny Komitet Obywatelski) in 1915. From 1916 to 1917 mayor of Warsaw. He was an activist of the \"Real Politics Party\" (Stronnictwo Polityki Realnej) and from 1917 to 1918 member of the Regency Council. From 1928 until 1935 member of the Senate and chairman of the \"Council of Landowner Organisations\" from 1931 to 1935.In 1893, Lubomirski married Maria n\u00e9e Branicki, with whom he had three children: daughters Julia Maria (born 1894) and Dorota (born 1904), and son Jerzy Aleksander (born 1896). Together with his wife, he lived in a house in Warsaw district of Frascati, and in a family real estate located in the village of Mala Wies, near Gr\u00f3jec.", "Q327825": "Jacques Lanzmann (4 May 1927 \u2013 21 June 2006) was a French journalist, writer and lyricist. He is best known as a novelist and for his songwriting partnership with Jacques Dutronc.", "Q982493": "Stephen Henry Schneider (February 11, 1945 \u2013 July 19, 2010) was Professor of Environmental Biology and Global Change at Stanford University, a Co-Director at the Center for Environment Science and Policy of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and a Senior Fellow in the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment. Schneider served as a consultant to federal agencies and White House staff in the Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations.\nSchneider's research included modeling of the atmosphere, climate change, and the effect of global climate change on biological systems. Schneider was the founder and editor of the journal Climatic Change and authored or co-authored over 450 scientific papers and other publications. He was a Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group II Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Assessment Report and was engaged as a co-anchor of the Key Vulnerabilities Cross-Cutting Theme for the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) at the time of his death. During the 1980s, Schneider emerged as a leading public advocate of sharp reductions of greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming. In 2006 Professor Schneider was an Adelaide Thinker in Residence advising the South Australian Government of Premier Mike Rann on climate change and renewable energy policies. In ten years South Australia went from zero to 31% of its electricity generation coming from renewables.\nAn annual award for outstanding climate science communication was created in Schneider's honor after his death, by the Commonwealth Club of California. The Stephen Schneider Memorial Lecture of the American Geophysical Union honors Schneider's life and work. \n\n", "Q70081": "Helene Wessel (6 July 1898 - 13 October 1969) was a German politician. From October 1949 to January 1952 she was chairwoman of the Centre Party and a founding member of the All-German People's Party, which eventually joined the SPD. She was elected to the Parlamentarischer Rat, the West German constitutional convention.", "Q1936441": "John Voorhis Bogert III (born August 27, 1944 New York City) professionally Tim Bogert is an American musician. He graduated from Ridgefield Memorial High School in his hometown in 1963. As a bass guitarist and vocalist he is best known for his for his powerful vocal ability and his fast runs, fluid agility and ground-breaking sound on his Fender Precision bass. He was one of the pioneers of using distortion with his bass to help it cut through the mix with the low-powered amps of his time which also imparted a very sharp-edged sound to it. He is a frequent collaborator with drummer Carmine Appice; the duo appeared in such bands as Vanilla Fudge, Cactus and the power trio Beck, Bogert & Appice.", "Q104088": "Elli Schmidt (9 August 1908 - 30 July 1980) was a German political activist with links to Moscow, where as a young woman she spent most of the war years. She returned in 1945 to what later (in 1949) became the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) where she pursued a successful political career till her fall from grace: that came as part of a wider clear out of comrades critical of the national leadership in the aftermath of the 1953 uprising. She was formally rehabilitated on 29 July 1956, but never returned to mainstream politics.In 1948 Schmidt became the first head of the Democratic Women's League (\"Demokratischer Frauenbund Deutschlands\" / DFD), one of several government backed mass organisations included in the highly centralised power structure then being developed for the country. Between 1950 and 1954 she was a member of the Central Committee of the ruling Socialist Unity Party (\"Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands\" / SED), but within the Central Committee she never progressed beyond the candidates' list for Politburo membership.", "Q124358": "Put on Ice (German: Kaltgestellt) is a 1980 German thriller film directed by Bernhard Sinkel. It was entered into the 1980 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q82217": "Ellen Douglas was the pen name of Josephine Ayres Haxton (July 12, 1921 \u2013 November 7, 2012), an American author. Her 1973 novel Apostles of Light was a National Book Award nominee.", "Q68816": "Moleno is a former municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.", "Q92004": "Charlotte Kerr (May 29, 1927 \u2013 December 28, 2011) was a German director, film producer, actress, writer and journalist.She first performed on stage in Fritz Kortner\u2019s version of Schiller\u2019s Don Carlos in 1951. She became well known for her television role as commander of the spaceship Hydra in the Raumpatrouille series and for her appearances in the films of Rainer Erler, including Fleisch (1979).\nIn 1971, she was a member of the jury at the 21st Berlin International Film Festival.In 1983, during the filming of a film about the Greek minister Melina Mercouri, Kerr met the Swiss poet Friedrich D\u00fcrrenmatt. They became close after discussing his latest play Achterloo and were married in 1984. The two collaborated on the film Portrait eines Planeten and the play Rollenspiele. D\u00fcrrenmatt died in 1990. Her autobiography, Die Frau im roten Mantel, discussed her life with the writer. In 2000, her Centre D\u00fcrrenmatt was opened in Neuch\u00e2tel.\nShe took legal action against the writer Hugo Loetscher for an alleged affront of her dignity and personal rights in his book about D\u00fcrrenmatt's death and funeral, which was released 13 years after D\u00fcrrenmatt's death and published by Lesen statt Klettern.She died on December 28, 2011 in a hospital in Bern.", "Q46533": "Les Favoris de la lune (internationally released as Favorites of the Moon) is a 1984 French drama film written and directed by Otar Iosseliani.", "Q389466": "Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard (French: Arthur et la vengeance de Maltazard) is a 2009 English-language French animated/live-action feature film co-written, co-produced and directed by Luc Besson, based on his novel of the same title and starring Freddie Highmore and Mia Farrow. EuropaCorp produced the film, which is the second in Besson's Arthur series, following Arthur and the Invisibles. The film received generally negative reviews by critics. It was a success in France but, due to its predecessor's failure at the American box office, was released direct-to-video in the United States. It performed disappointingly in the rest of the world. As a result, the film and its sequel, Arthur 3: The War of the Two Worlds, generated huge money losses for EuropaCorp.", "Q77936": "Andreas Stihl (10 November 1896 in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland \u2013 14 January 1973 in Rohrbronn, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany) was a Swiss-born German engineer and important inventor in the area of chainsaws, and the founder of Andreas Stihl AG & Company KG. He is often hailed as the \"Father of the chainsaw\".Stihl went to the Volksschule in Z\u00fcrich, before moving to relatives in Germany. He attended the Realschule in Singen (Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) and the Gymnasium in D\u00fcsseldorf-Oberkassel. From 1915 until his dismissal by injuries in 1917, Stihl fought in the First World War in the German Army. From 1917 until 1920, he studied mechanical engineering in Eisenach. In 1923, together with his friend Carl Hohl, he founded an engineering firm in Stuttgart, which was dissolved in 1926.Stihl founded a new company, for steam boiler prefiring systems in the same year in Stuttgart. He also patented the \"Cutoff Chainsaw for Electric Power\" in 1926, which weighed a hefty 64 kilograms and had a one-inch gauge chain with handles at either end. Due to its bulk, it required two people to operate. It was, however, the first electric chainsaw worldwide. In 1929, Stihl built a petrol powered chainsaw, named the \"tree-felling machine\", two years after fellow German Emil Lerp had built the first one worldwide. The following year, Stihl created the first ever chainsaw that could be operated by only one person. The company continued to grow and in 1931 it became the first European company to export chainsaws to the United States and the Soviet Union. During the Nazi regime, Stihl was member of the Nazi Party.Since 1971, Stihl is the biggest chainsaw manufacturing company in the world. Andreas Stihl had four children with his first wife, among them Hans Peter Stihl (born 1932) and Eva Mayr-Stihl (born 1935), who succeeded her father in managing the company and remaining Vorstand until 2002.", "Q282241": "Carlos Javier Sobera Pardo (born 11 August 1960 in Barakaldo, Spain) is a Spanish actor, television presenter and former law lecturer.", "Q199801": "Cynthia Ann Crawford (born February 20, 1966) is an American model and actress. Her years of success at modeling made her an international celebrity that have led to roles in television and film, and work as a spokesperson. During the 1980s and 1990s, Crawford was among the most popular supermodels and a ubiquitous presence on magazine covers, runways, and in fashion campaigns.", "Q268840": "Charlotte Sally Potter (born 19 September 1949) is an English film director and screenwriter. She is known for directing Orlando (1992), which won the audience prize for Best Film at the Venice Film Festival.", "Q557141": "The term public art refers to a specific art genre with its own professional and critical discourse. It represents art in any media whose form, function and meaning are created for the general public through a public process. Public art is visually and physically accessible to the public - it is installed or staged in public space or the public realm, usually outside. Public art embodies public or universal concepts rather than commercial, partisan or personal concepts or interests, and it has clear aesthetic qualities in form or theme. Notably, public art is also the direct or indirect product of a public process of creation, procurement, and/or maintenance.Independent art created or staged in or near the public realm (for example, graffiti, street art, yard art/lawn ornaments) lacks official or tangible public sanction and is not within the public art genre. Such unofficial artwork may exist on private property immediately adjacent to the public realm, on public property or in natural settings but, however ubiquitous, it falls outside the definition of public art by its absence of public process or public sanction as bona fide public art.", "Q256776": "Anna Maria Cecilia Bonnevie (born 26 September 1973) is a Swedish-Norwegian actress. She was born in V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden, but grew up in Oslo, Norway. Her parents are Norwegian actress Jannik Bonnevie and Swedish actor Per Waldvik. Bonnevie was educated at Swedish National Academy of Mime and Acting (1997) and had her first film role in Hrafn Gunnlaugsson's Hv\u00edti v\u00edkingurinn (The White Viking), at the age of eighteen.\nIn 1997, she had her debut at the Swedish theatre Dramaten, in the play Yvonne by Ingmar Bergman. Her screen debut was in 1991 in the movie Kvitebj\u00f8rn Kong Valemon (The Polar Bear King), directed by Ola Solum. Her big breakthrough came with the movie Jerusalem (directed by Bille August, 1997), and among her later movies are Insomnia (1997), Dragonfly (2001) and Syndere i sommersol (2001). For the movie Jeg er Dina (I Am Dina, 2002) she received a prize for best foreign actress at the Montreal International Film Festival. In 2002 she was named one of European film's Shooting Stars by European Film Promotion.\nIn 1999, she played Olga in The 13th Warrior. In 2004, she appeared in the Swedish film Dag och natt directed by Simon Staho.\nIn 2007, she played the female lead in the Russian film The Banishment directed by Andrey Zvyagintsev.\nThe Karlovy Vary International Film Festival (KVIFF) invited Bonnevie to join the Grand Jury of the Festival's 44th edition in 2009.In 2012, she played Countess Isolde in Belle du Seigneur alongside Jonathan Rhys-Meyers, Natalia Vodianova and Ed Stoppard.", "Q46255": "Geophysics () is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. The term geophysics sometimes refers only to geological applications: Earth's shape; its gravitational and magnetic fields; its internal structure and composition; its dynamics and their surface expression in plate tectonics, the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation. However, modern geophysics organizations and pure scientists use a broader definition that includes the water cycle including snow and ice; fluid dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere; electricity and magnetism in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and solar-terrestrial relations; and analogous problems associated with the Moon and other planets.Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origins date back to ancient times. The first magnetic compasses were made from lodestones, while more modern magnetic compasses played an important role in the history of navigation. The first seismic instrument was built in 132 AD. Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and geophysics played an essential role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics.\nGeophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental protection. In Exploration geophysics, geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and soils, and assess sites for environmental remediation.", "Q230395": "Meaghan Jette Martin (; born February 17, 1992) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Tess Tyler in the Disney Channel television films Camp Rock and its sequel Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam. Martin starred in the ABC Family television series, 10 Things I Hate About You as Bianca Stratford. Martin is also known for lending her voice for Namin\u00e9 in the video game series Kingdom Hearts as well as voicing and motion capturing Jessica from the video game Until Dawn.\n\n", "Q1393149": "Roy Estrada (also known as \"Roy Ralph Moleman Guacamole Guadalupe Hidalgo Estrada\" and \"Orej\u00f3n\"; born April 17, 1943 in Santa Ana, California) is an American former musician and vocalist, best known for his bass guitar work with Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention and for having been a founding member of Little Feat, playing on their first two albums.\nEstrada is currently incarcerated in the Texas State Prison System. He was convicted for sex offenses, first having been convicted of child sex abuse in 1994 and serving six years' imprisonment, then pleading guilty to abuse of a young relative in 2012. He will not be eligible for release until 2036, at which time he will be 93 years old.", "Q2926464": "Bruce Arthur Norris (February 19, 1924 \u2013 January 1, 1986) was owner of the Detroit Red Wings professional ice hockey team from 1952 to 1982. He was the son of James E. Norris and half-brother of James D. Norris. Members of the Norris family owned the Red Wings for almost fifty years before selling the franchise to Mike Ilitch in 1982.", "Q49166": "Williams College is a private liberal arts college in Williamstown, Massachusetts. It was established in 1793 with funds from the estate of Ephraim Williams, a colonist from the Province of Massachusetts Bay who was killed in the French and Indian War in 1755.\nWilliams is on a 450-acre (1.8 km2) campus in Williamstown, in the Berkshires in rural northwestern Massachusetts. The campus contains more than 100 academic, athletic, and residential buildings. There are 357 voting faculty members, with a student-to-faculty ratio of 7:1. As of 2019, the school has an enrollment of 2,078 undergraduate students and 56 graduate students. The college competes in the NCAA Division III New England Small College Athletic Conference, and competes in the conference as the Ephs. The athletic program has been highly successful, as Williams College has won 22 of the last 24 College Directors' Cups for NCAA Division III.Following a liberal arts curriculum, Williams College provides undergraduate instruction in 25 academic departments and interdisciplinary programs including 36 majors in the humanities, arts, social sciences, and natural sciences. Williams offers an almost entirely undergraduate instruction, as there are two graduate programs in development economics and art history. The college maintains affiliations with the nearby Clark Art Institute and Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art, and has a close relationship with Exeter College, Oxford University. Undergraduate admission is highly selective, with an acceptance rate of 12% for the Class of 2023.The college has produced many prominent alumni, including 9 Pulitzer Prize winners, a Nobel Prize Laureate, a Fields medalist, 3 chairmen of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 10 billionaire alumni, 71 members of the United States Congress, 22 U.S. Governors, 4 U.S. Cabinet secretaries, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, a President of the United States, 3 prime ministers, CEOs and founders of Fortune 500 companies, high-ranking U.S. diplomats, foreign central bankers, scholars in academia, literary and media figures, numerous Emmy, Oscar, and Grammy award winners, and professional athletes. Other notable alumni include 40 Rhodes Scholars, 17 Marshall Scholarship winners, and numerous Watson Fellows and Fulbright scholarship recipients.", "Q1921883": "Merle Lindsay Salathiel (1916 \u2013 October 12, 1965), better known as Merl Lindsay, was one of the premier American Western swing musicians from the 1930s to the mid-1960s and founder of Merl Lindsay and His Oklahoma Night Riders.", "Q1359898": "Cryptosporidiosis, also known as crypto, is a parasitic disease caused by Cryptosporidium, a genus of protozoan parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. It affects the distal small intestine and can affect the respiratory tract in both immunocompetent (i.e., individuals with a normal functioning immune system) and immunocompromised (e.g., persons with HIV/AIDS or autoimmune disorders) individuals, resulting in watery diarrhea with or without an unexplained cough. In immunosuppressed individuals, the symptoms are particularly severe and can be fatal. It is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated water; recent evidence suggests that it can also be transmitted via fomites in respiratory secretions.Cryptosporidium is commonly isolated in HIV-positive patients presenting with diarrhea. Despite not being identified until 1976, it is one of the most common waterborne diseases and is found worldwide. The infection begins when a human consumes food or water containing cysts of the Cryptosporidium organism.", "Q174209": "Glen Brand (3 November 1923 \u2013 15 November 2008) was an American wrestler and Olympic champion in Freestyle wrestling. He was a graduate of Clarion, Iowa and Iowa State University. He was a three-time All-American for the Cyclones with an overall record of 54-3, earning a reputation as a fierce competitor and pinner. He was the first ISU athlete named to The Des Moines Register Sports Hall of Fame.\nBrand competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London where he received a gold medal in Freestyle wrestling, in the middleweight class.A high school wrestling tournament is held each year in his hometown of Clarion, Iowa. He died in Omaha, Nebraska, aged 85.", "Q163775": "Medieval music consists of songs, instrumental pieces, and liturgical music from about 500 A.D. to 1400. Medieval music was an era of Western music, including liturgical music (also known as sacred) used for the church, and secular music, non-religious music. Medieval music includes solely vocal music, such as Gregorian chant and choral music (music for a group of singers), solely instrumental music, and music that uses both voices and instruments (typically with the instruments accompanying the voices). Gregorian chant was sung by monks during Catholic Mass. The Mass is a reenactment of Christ's Last Supper, intended to provide a spiritual connection between man and God. Part of this connection was established through music.\nThis era begins with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century and ends sometime in the early fifteenth century. Establishing the end of the medieval era and the beginning of the Renaissance music era is difficult, since the trends started at different times in different regions. The date range in this article is the one usually adopted by musicologists.\nDuring the Medieval period the foundation was laid for the music notation and music theory practices that would shape Western music into the norms that developed during the common-practice era, a period of shared music writing practices which encompassed the Baroque music composers from 1600\u20131750, such as J.S. Bach and Classical music period composers from the 1700s such as W.A. Mozart and Romantic music era composers from the 1800s such as Wagner. The most obvious of these is the development of a comprehensive music notational system which enabled composers to write out their song melodies and instrumental pieces on parchment or paper. Prior to the development of musical notation, songs and pieces had to be learned \"by ear\", from one person who knew a song to another person. This greatly limited how many people could be taught new music and how wide music could spread to other regions or countries. The development of music notation made it easier to disseminate (spread) songs and musical pieces to a larger number of people and to a wider geographic area. However the theoretical advances, particularly in regard to rhythm\u2014the timing of notes\u2014and polyphony\u2014using multiple, interweaving melodies at the same time\u2014are equally important to the development of Western music.", "Q2535085": "Barclay is a French record company and label founded by Eddie Barclay in 1953.\nEddie Barclay was a bandleader, pianist, producer, and nightclub owner. With his wife, Nicole, who was the vocalist in his band, he started Barclay. The catalogue included the work of St\u00e9phane Grappelli, Lionel Hampton, and Rhoda Scott. In 1978 the label was sold to Polygram. Jazz issues ceased in 1983.Barclay's catalogue includes Hugues Aufray, Charles Aznavour, Alain Bashung, Jacques Brel, Les Chaussettes Noires, Dalida, Jean Ferrat, L\u00e9o Ferr\u00e9, Nino Ferrer, Jimi Hendrix, Patrick Juvet, Fela Kuti, Femi Kuti, Danielle Licari, Mireille Mathieu, Mika, Eddy Mitchell, Modjo, Noir D\u00e9sir, Paradis, Henri Salvador, Emilie Simon, Rachid Taha, and the Wild Magnolias.\nBarclay Records is owned and distributed by Universal Music Group.", "Q443120": "James Lance Bass (; born May 4, 1979) is an American singer, dancer, actor, film and television producer, and author. He grew up in Mississippi and rose to fame as the bass singer for the American pop boy band NSYNC. NSYNC's success led Bass to work in film and television. He starred in the 2001 film On the Line, which his company, Bacon & Eggs, also produced. Bass later formed a second production company, Lance Bass Productions, as well as a now-defunct music management company, Free Lance Entertainment, a joint venture with Mercury Records.After completion of NSYNC's PopOdyssey Tour, Bass moved to Star City, Russia, in a much publicized pursuit of a seat on a Soyuz space capsule. Bass was certified by both NASA and the Russian Space Program after several months of cosmonaut training, and planned to join the TMA-1 mission to the International Space Station. However, after his financial sponsors backed out, Bass was denied a seat on the mission.In July 2006, Bass came out as gay in a cover story for People magazine. He was awarded the Human Rights Campaign Visibility Award in October 2006, and released an autobiography, Out of Sync, in October 2007, which debuted on the New York Times Best Seller list.", "Q501461": "Le Journal du Dimanche (English: Sunday's newspaper) is a French weekly newspaper published on Sundays in France.", "Q57358": "Hans Erich Pfitzner (5 May 1869 \u2013 22 May 1949) was a German composer and self-described anti-modernist. His best known work is the post-Romantic opera Palestrina, loosely based on the life of the sixteenth-century composer Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.", "Q284156": "Joseph Mary Plunkett (Irish: Seosamh M\u00e1ire Pluinc\u00e9id, 21 November 1887 \u2013 4 May 1916) was an Irish nationalist, republican, poet, journalist, revolutionary and a leader of the 1916 Easter Rising.", "Q990929": "Ray Smith (October 30, 1934 \u2013 November 29, 1979) was an American rockabilly musician.", "Q61832": "Anton \"Toni\" Ulmen (25 January 1906 \u2013 4 November 1976) was a German motorcycle and racing driver from D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. His racing career started in 1925 on a 250 cc Velocette. In 1927 he won the opening race of the N\u00fcrburgring on a 350 cc Velocette. In 1929 he won the 350 cc class on the Eilenriede, a non-permanent race course near Hannover. From 1949 to 1952, he was four times German sports car and Formula 2 champion.", "Q1159834": "Danie Gerhardus Krige Afrikaans pronunciation: [d\u0251ni\u02d0 \u02c8kri\u03c7\u0259] (26 August 1919 \u2013 3 March 2013) was a South African statistician and mining engineer who pioneered the field of geostatistics and was professor at the University of the Witwatersrand, Republic of South Africa. The technique of kriging is named after him. Krige's empirical work to evaluate mineral resources was formalised in the 1960s by French engineer Georges Matheron.", "Q123351": "Sir Michael Caine, (born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr., 14 March 1933) is an English actor, film producer and author. He has appeared in more than 130 films in a career spanning over 60 years and is considered a British film icon. Known for his cockney accent, Caine was born in south-east London.He made his breakthrough in the 1960s with starring roles in British films, including Zulu (1964), The Ipcress File (1965), Alfie (1966), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award, The Italian Job (1969) and Battle of Britain (1969). His roles in the 1970s included Get Carter (1971), The Last Valley (1971), Sleuth (1972), for which he earned his second Academy Award nomination, The Man Who Would Be King (1975) and A Bridge Too Far (1977). He achieved some of his greatest critical success in the 1980s, with Educating Rita (1983), earning him the BAFTA and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. In 1986, he received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Woody Allen's Hannah and Her Sisters.\nCaine played Ebenezer Scrooge in The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992). This was his first starring role in several years, which led to a career resurgence in the late 1990s, receiving his second Golden Globe Award for his performance in Little Voice in 1998 and his second Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for The Cider House Rules, the following year. Caine played Nigel Powers (Austin Powers father) in the 2002 parody Austin Powers in Goldmember, and Alfred Pennyworth in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy. He appeared in several other of Nolan's films, including The Prestige (2006), Inception (2010) and Interstellar (2014). He also appeared in Alfonso Cuar\u00f3n's Children of Men and Matthew Vaughn's action comedy film Kingsman: The Secret Service. As of February 2017, films which he has starred in have grossed over $3.5 billion domestically and over $7.8 billion worldwide. Caine is ranked as the twentieth-highest-grossing box office star.Caine is one of only two actors nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to the 2000s, the other one being Jack Nicholson; Laurence Olivier was also nominated for an acting Academy Award in five different decades, beginning in 1939 and ending in 1978. Caine appeared in seven films that featured in the British Film Institute's 100 greatest British films of the 20th century. In 2000, Caine received a BAFTA Fellowship and was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in recognition of his contribution to cinema.", "Q283639": "The World Council of Churches (WCC) is a worldwide Christian inter-church organization founded in 1948. Its members today include the Assyrian Church of the East, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, most jurisdictions of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar, the Old Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, most mainline Protestant churches (such as the Lutheran, Mennonite, Methodist, Moravian and Reformed) and some evangelical Protestant churches (such as the Baptist and Pentecostal). Notably, the Catholic Church is not a member, although it sends accredited observers to meetings. The WCC arose out of the ecumenical movement and has as its basis the following statement:\n\nThe World Council of Churches is a fellowship of churches which confess the Lord Jesus Christ as God and Savior according to the scriptures, and therefore seek to fulfill together their common calling to the glory of the one God: Father, Son and Holy Spirit.\n\nIt is a community of churches on the way to visible unity in one faith and one eucharistic fellowship, expressed in worship and in common life in Christ. It seeks to advance towards this unity, as Jesus prayed for his followers, \"so that the world may believe\". (John 17:21)\nThe WCC describes itself as \"a worldwide fellowship of 349 global, regional and sub-regional, national and local churches seeking unity, a common witness and Christian service\". It has no head office as such, but its administrative centre is at the Ecumenical Centre in Geneva, Switzerland. The organization's members include denominations which claim to collectively represent over 500 million people across the world in more than 110 countries.", "Q172678": "Samuel Leroy Jackson (born December 21, 1948) is an American actor and film producer. Jackson has won critical acclaim and numerous accolades and awards, and is the highest-grossing actor of all time (when cameo appearances are excluded).He came to prominence in the early 1990s with films such as Goodfellas (1990), Jungle Fever (1991), Patriot Games (1992), Amos & Andrew (1993), True Romance (1993), Jurassic Park (1993) and his collaborations with director Quentin Tarantino including Pulp Fiction (1994), Jackie Brown (1997), Django Unchained (2012), and The Hateful Eight (2015). For his role in Pulp Fiction, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. \nJackson is a highly prolific actor, having appeared in over 150 films, including Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995), A Time to Kill (1996), The Long Kiss Goodnight (1996), The Negotiator (1998), Deep Blue Sea (1999), Unbreakable (2000), Shaft (2000) and its sequel, XXX (2002), Snakes on a Plane (2006), Kong: Skull Island (2017) and the Star Wars prequel trilogy (1999\u20132005). With Jackson's permission, his likeness was used for the Ultimate version of the Marvel Comics character Nick Fury. He has subsequently played Fury in eleven Marvel Cinematic Universe films beginning with a cameo appearance in Iron Man (2008), as well as guest starring in the television series Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\nJackson has provided his voice to several animated films, television series and video games, including the roles of Lucius Best / Frozone in Pixar Animation Studios' films The Incredibles (2004) and Incredibles 2 (2018), Mace Windu in Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008), Whiplash in Turbo (2013), Afro Samurai in the anime television series Afro Samurai (2007), and Frank Tenpenny in the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004).\nJackson is ranked as the highest all-time box office star with over $7.1 billion total US box office gross, an average of $89.9 million per film. The worldwide box office total of his films (excluding cameo appearances) is over $16.7 billion. He became the top-grossing actor in October 2011, surpassing veteran voice actor Frank Welker.", "Q556539": "Jean-Bernard L\u00e9vy (born 18 March 1955) is a French businessman, and the CEO and chairman of EDF.", "Q48278": "Medell\u00edn (Spanish pronunciation: [me\u00f0e\u02c8\u029din] or [me\u00f0e\u02c8\u028ein]), officially the Municipality of Medell\u00edn (Spanish: Municipio de Medell\u00edn), is the second-largest city in Colombia, after Bogot\u00e1, and the capital of the department of Antioquia. It is located in the Aburr\u00e1 Valley, a central region of the Andes Mountains in South America. According to the National Administrative Department of Statistics, the city had an estimated population of 2,427,129 according to the 2018 census. With its surrounding area that includes nine other cities, the metropolitan area of Medell\u00edn is the second-largest urban agglomeration in Colombia in terms of population and economy, with more than 3.7 million people.\nIn 1616 the Spaniard Francisco Herrera Campuzano erected a small indigenous village (\"poblado\") known as \"Saint Lawrence of Aburr\u00e1\" (San Lorenzo de Aburr\u00e1), located in the present-day El Poblado commune. On 2 November 1675, the queen consort Mariana of Austria founded the \"Town of Our Lady of Candelaria of Medell\u00edn\" (Villa de Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de la Candelaria de Medell\u00edn) in the An\u00e1 region, which today corresponds to the center of the city (east-central zone) and first describes the region as \"Medell\u00edn\". In 1826, the city was named the capital of the Department of Antioquia by the National Congress of the nascent Republic of Gran Colombia, comprised by present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. After Colombia won its independence from Spain, Medell\u00edn became the capital of the Federal State of Antioquia until 1888, with the proclamation of the Colombian Constitution of 1886. During the 19th century, Medell\u00edn was a dynamic commercial center, first exporting gold, then producing and exporting coffee.\nAt the beginning of the 21st century, the city regained industrial dynamism, with the construction of the Medell\u00edn Metro commuter rail, liberalized development policies, improved security and improved education. Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute have lauded the city as a pioneer of a post-Washington consensus \"local development state\" model of economic development. The city is promoted internationally as a tourist destination and is considered a global city type \"Gamma -\" by GaWC. The Medell\u00edn Metropolitan Area produces 67% of the Department of Antioquia's GDP and 11% of the economy of Colombia. Medell\u00edn is important to the region for its universities, academies, commerce, industry, science, health services, flower-growing and festivals.\nIn February 2013, the Urban Land Institute chose Medell\u00edn as the most innovative city in the world due to its recent advances in politics, education and social development. In the same year, Medell\u00edn won the Ver\u00f3nica Rudge Urbanism Award conferred by Harvard University to the Urban Development Enterprise, mainly due to the North-Western Integral Development Project in the city. In September 2013, the United Nations ratified Colombia's petition to host UN-Habitat's 7th World Urban Forum in Medell\u00edn, from April 5\u201311, 2014. In 2016, Medell\u00edn won the Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize. The award seeks to recognize and celebrate efforts in furthering innovation in urban solutions and sustainable urban development.", "Q64792": "Buttwil is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.\nThe village is 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) west of Muri.", "Q451524": "Alexandra Stewart (born June 10, 1939) is a Canadian actress.", "Q44442": "Daniel Louis Castellaneta (; born October 29, 1957) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and screenwriter. Castellaneta is known for voicing Homer Simpson on the Fox Broadcasting Company animated series The Simpsons. His other roles on the show include Abraham \"Grampa\" Simpson, Barney Gumble, Krusty the Clown, Sideshow Mel, Groundskeeper Willie, Mayor Quimby and Hans Moleman. Castellaneta also had roles in several other programs, including Futurama for Fox Broadcasting Company, Sibs and Darkwing Duck for ABC, The Adventures of Dynamo Duck for Fox Kids, Back to the Future: The Animated Series for CBS, Aladdin for Toon Disney, Taz-Mania for Warner Bros. Animation and in Hey Arnold! as Grandpa Phil for Nickelodeon.\nIn 1999, he appeared in the Christmas special Olive, the Other Reindeer, and won an Annie Award for his portrayal of the Postman. Castellaneta released a comedy album I Am Not Homer, and wrote and starred in a one-person show titled Where Did Vincent van Gogh?.", "Q671880": "Daniel Estulin (Vilnius, Lithuania, August 29, 1966) is a Lithuanian-born conspiracy theorist whose main interest is the Bilderberg Group, an annual invitation-only conference of the elites in the fields of business, finance, media, military and politics. He is known for his extensive works on this group, having written a book called \"The True Story of the Bilderberg Group\", as well as for his live seminars throughout the world, and has been quoted as saying that the Bilderberg Group's \"main objective is creating a world government ruled by an elite group of people whose main objective is to control the natural resources of the planet\".Estulin wrote The True Story of the Bilderberg Group (original title: La Verdadera Historia del Club Bilderberg), purportedly a report on the nature and meetings of the world\u2019s most powerful people. According to Estulin's book, the secretive Bilderbergers have been making major political, economical and social decisions since their first gathering in 1954.\nCommenting on an episode in this book, Bruce Ramsey wrote \"The method here is to initiate the reader into a special group of in-the-know; of mixing facts with assertions so that the casual reader won\u2019t tell them apart, and to draw lines between A and B, when A is the person you want to impeach and B is a known wickedness.\"Estulin published a second book, Los secretos del club Bilderberg, released in September 2006, described by Fidel Castro as a \"fantastic story\".On August 19, 2010, the Cuban state news agency Prensa Latina published the full text of a \"reflection\" by former President Fidel Castro which was devoted to quoting Estulin from Los secretos del club Bilderberg, on the topic of \"The World Government.\" The selected quotes from Estulin's book focused on material credited to Lyndon LaRouche and members of his movement.", "Q545223": "Mitsuyo Kakuta (\u89d2\u7530 \u5149\u4ee3, Kakuta Mitsuyo, born 8 March 1967) is a Japanese author born in Yokohama. She is currently engaged in translating the 11th-century work The Tale of Genji into modern Japanese.", "Q439854": "Nathalie P\u00e2que (born 11 May 1977, Li\u00e8ge) is a Belgian singer, best known for her participation on behalf of France in the 1989 Eurovision Song Contest.\nP\u00e2que was internally selected by channel Antenne 2 to represent France with the song \"J'ai vol\u00e9 la vie\" (\"I've Stolen Life\") in the 1989 Eurovision Song Contest, held in Lausanne, Switzerland on 6 May. At five days short of her 12th birthday, P\u00e2que was the youngest performer ever to take a lead vocal at Eurovision. \"J'ai vol\u00e9 la vie\" finished in eighth place of the 22 entrants. In response to reservations expressed by a number of participating countries regarding P\u00e2que's youth (and that of 1989 Israeli singer Gili, who was only slightly older), the European Broadcasting Union amended the Eurovision rules on age with effect from 1990.P\u00e2que released several singles and two albums in Belgium during the 1990s, and in recent years has appeared in stage musicals such as Titanic and Singin' in the Rain in Belgium and France.", "Q222791": "Ennio Flaiano (5 March 1910 \u2013 20 November 1972) was an Italian screenwriter, playwright, novelist, journalist, and drama critic. Best known for his work with Federico Fellini, Flaiano co-wrote ten screenplays with the Italian director, including La Strada (1954), La Dolce Vita (1960), and 8\u00bd.", "Q1422903": "The University of Porto (Universidade do Porto) is a Portuguese public university located in Porto, and founded on 22 March 1911. It is the second largest Portuguese university by number of enrolled students, after the University of Lisbon, and has one of the most noted research outputs in Portugal.", "Q359451": "Jos\u00e9 Carlos do Patroc\u00ednio (October 9, 1854 \u2013 January 29, 1905) was a Brazilian writer, journalist, activist, orator and pharmacist. He was among the most well-known proponents of the abolition of slavery in Brazil, and known as \"O Tigre da Aboli\u00e7\u00e3o\" (The Tiger of Abolition). He founded and occupied the 21st chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1897 until his death in 1905.", "Q214223": "Jason Michael Isaacs (born 6 June 1963) is an English actor and producer. He is best known for his roles as Lucius Malfoy in the Harry Potter film series, Colonel William Tavington in The Patriot, criminal Michael Caffee in the Showtime series Brotherhood, and Marshal Georgy Zhukov in The Death of Stalin.\nIsaacs' other roles have included Dr. Hunter Aloysius \"Hap\" Percy in the Netflix supernatural series The OA, Captain Gabriel Lorca in the first season of Star Trek: Discovery, the voice of the Grand Inquisitor in Star Wars Rebels, the voice of Admiral Zhao in Avatar: The Last Airbender, and Russian high-roller Vasili in Hotel Mumbai.Isaacs' stage roles include Louis Ironson in Declan Donnellan's 1992 and 1993 Royal National Theatre premieres of Parts One (Millennium Approaches) and Two (Perestroika) of Tony Kushner's Pulitzer Prize-winning play Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes, and as hitman Ben in a 50th-anniversary revival of Harold Pinter's 1957 play The Dumb Waiter at Trafalgar Studios in the West End.\n\n", "Q1747689": "In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom (753 BC\u2013509 BC), Roman Republic (509 BC\u201327 BC) and Roman Empire (27 BC\u2013476 AD) until the fall of the western empire.\nThe civilisation began as an Italic settlement in the Italian Peninsula, traditionally dated to 753 BC, that grew into the city of Rome and which subsequently gave its name to the empire over which it ruled and to the widespread civilisation the empire developed. The Roman Empire expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world, still ruled from the city, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time) covering 5.0 million square kilometres at its height in AD 117.In its many centuries of existence, the Roman state evolved from an elective monarchy to a democratic classical republic and then to an increasingly autocratic semi-elective military dictatorship during the Empire. Through conquest, cultural, and linguistic assimilation, at its height it controlled the North African coast, Egypt, Southern Europe, and most of Western Europe, the Balkans, Crimea and much of the Middle East, including Anatolia, Levant and parts of Mesopotamia and Arabia. It is often grouped into classical antiquity together with ancient Greece, and their similar cultures and societies are known as the Greco-Roman world.\nAncient Roman civilisation has contributed to modern language, religion, society, technology, law, politics, government, warfare, art, literature, architecture and engineering. Rome professionalised and expanded its military and created a system of government called res publica, the inspiration for modern republics such as the United States and France. It achieved impressive technological and architectural feats, such as the construction of an extensive system of aqueducts and roads, as well as the construction of large monuments, palaces, and public facilities.\nThe Punic Wars with Carthage were decisive in establishing Rome as a world power. In this series of wars, Rome gained control of the strategic islands of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily; took Hispania (modern Spain and Portugal); and destroyed the city of Carthage in 146 BC, giving Rome supremacy in the Mediterranean. By the end of the Republic (27 BC), Rome had conquered the lands around the Mediterranean and beyond: its domain extended from the Atlantic to Arabia and from the mouth of the Rhine to North Africa. The Roman Empire emerged with the end of the Republic and the dictatorship of Augustus. Seven-hundred and twenty-one years of Roman\u2013Persian Wars started in 92 BC with the first struggle against Parthia. It would become the longest conflict in human history, and have major lasting effects and consequences for both empires.\nUnder Trajan, the Empire reached its territorial peak. It stretched from the entire Mediterranean Basin to the beaches of the North Sea in the north, to the shores of the Red and Caspian Seas in the East. Republican mores and traditions started to decline during the imperial period, with civil wars becoming a prelude common to the rise of a new emperor. Splinter states, such as the Palmyrene Empire, would temporarily divide the Empire during the crisis of the 3rd century before some stability was restored in the Tetrarchy phase of imperial rule.\nPlagued by internal instability and attacked by various migrating peoples, the western part of the empire broke up into independent \"barbarian\" kingdoms in the 5th century. This splintering is a landmark historians use to divide the ancient period of universal history from the pre-medieval \"Dark Ages\" of Europe. The eastern part of the empire endured through the 5th century and remained a power through the Middle Ages until its fall in 1453 AD. Although the citizens of the empire made no distinction, the empire is most commonly referred to as the \"Byzantine Empire\" by modern historians to differentiate between the state in antiquity and the state during the Middle Ages.", "Q356762": "Luis Miguel Gonz\u00e1lez Bos\u00e9 (born April 3, 1956), usually known as Miguel Bos\u00e9, is a Spanish pop new wave musician and actor.", "Q131755": "Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and abnormally elevated moods. If the elevated mood is severe or associated with psychosis, it is called mania; if it is less severe, it is called hypomania. During mania, an individual behaves or feels abnormally energetic, happy, or irritable. Individuals often make impulsive decisions with little regard for the consequences. There is usually a reduced need for sleep during manic phases. During periods of depression, individuals may experience crying, a negative outlook on life, and poor eye contact with others. The risk of suicide is high; over a period of 20 years 6% of people died by suicide, while 30-40% engaged in self-harm. Other mental health issues, such as anxiety disorders and substance use disorders, are commonly associated with bipolar disorder.While the causes of bipolar disorder are not clearly understood, both environmental and genetic factors are thought to play a role. Many genes, each with small effects, may contribute to the development of disorder. Genetic factors account for about 70-90% of the risk of developing bipolar disorder. Environmental risk factors include a history of childhood abuse and long-term stress. The condition is classified as bipolar I disorder if there has been at least one manic episode, with or without depressive episodes, and as bipolar II disorder if there has been at least one hypomanic episode (but no full manic episodes) and one major depressive episode. If the symptoms are due to drugs or medical problems, they are not diagnosed as bipolar disorder. Other conditions having overlapping symptoms with bipolar disorder include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder as well as many other medical conditions. Medical testing is not required for a diagnosis, though blood tests or medical imaging can rule out other problems.Mood stabilizers\u2014lithium and certain anticonvulsants such as valproate and carbamazepine\u2014are the mainstay of long-term relapse prevention. Antipsychotics are given during acute manic episodes, as well as in cases where mood stabilizers are poorly tolerated or ineffective, or where compliance is poor. There is some evidence that psychotherapy improves the course of this disorder. The use of antidepressants in depressive episodes is controversial\u2014they can be effective but have been implicated in triggering manic episodes. However, the treatment of depressive episodes is often difficult. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in acute manic and depressed episodes, especially with psychosis or catatonia. Admission to a psychiatric hospital may be required if a person is a risk to themselves or others; involuntary treatment is sometimes necessary if the affected person refuses treatment.Bipolar disorder occurs in approximately 1% of the global population. In the United States, about 3% are estimated to be affected at some point in their life; rates appear to be similar in females and males. The most common age at which symptoms begin is 25. Around a quarter to a third of people with bipolar disorder have financial, social, or work-related problems due to the illness. Bipolar disorder is among the top 20 causes of disability worldwide and leads to substantial costs for society. Due to lifestyle choices and the side effects of medications, the risk of death from natural causes such as coronary heart disease in people with bipolar is twice that of the general population.", "Q99637": "Antje Blumenthal (born 25 December 1947 in Itzehoe) is a German politician and member of the CDU. From 2001 to 2009, she was a member of the Bundestag.", "Q149836": "Camden Town ( (listen)), often shortened to Camden (also the name for the borough it is in), is a district of northwest London, England, 2.5 miles (4.1 km) north of Charing Cross. Historically in Middlesex, it is the administrative centre of the London Borough of Camden, and identified in the London Plan as one of 34 major centres in Greater London.\nLaid out as a residential district from 1791 and originally part of the manor of Kentish Town and the parish of St Pancras, Camden Town became an important location during the early development of the railways, which reinforced its position on the London canal network. The area's industrial economic base has been replaced by service industries such as retail, tourism and entertainment. The area now hosts street markets and music venues that are strongly associated with alternative culture.", "Q9317": "John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes ( KAYNZ; 5 June 1883 \u2013 21 April 1946), was a British economist, whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments. Originally trained in mathematics, he built on and greatly refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles, and was one of the most influential economists of the 20th century. Widely considered the founder of modern macroeconomics, his ideas are the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics, and its various offshoots.During the Great Depression of the 1930s, Keynes spearheaded a revolution in economic thinking, challenging the ideas of neoclassical economics that held that free markets would, in the short to medium term, automatically provide full employment, as long as workers were flexible in their wage demands. He argued that aggregate demand (total spending in the economy) determined the overall level of economic activity, and that inadequate aggregate demand could lead to prolonged periods of high unemployment. Keynes advocated the use of fiscal and monetary policies to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions and depressions. He detailed these ideas in his magnum opus, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936. In the mid to late-1930s, leading Western economies adopted Keynes's policy recommendations. Almost all capitalist governments had done so by the end of the two decades following Keynes's death in 1946. As a leader of the British delegation, Keynes participated in the design of the international economic institutions established after the end of World War II but was overruled by the American delegation on several aspects.\nKeynes's influence started to wane in the 1970s, partly as a result of the stagflation that plagued the Anglo-American economies during that decade, and partly because of criticism of Keynesian policies by Milton Friedman and other monetarists, who disputed the ability of government to favorably regulate the business cycle with fiscal policy. However, the advent of the global financial crisis of 2007\u20132008 sparked a resurgence in Keynesian thought. Keynesian economics provided the theoretical underpinning for economic policies undertaken in response to the crisis by President Barack Obama of the United States, Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the United Kingdom, and other heads of governments.When Time magazine included Keynes among its Most Important People of the Century in 1999, it stated that \"his radical idea that governments should spend money they don't have may have saved capitalism.\" The Economist has described Keynes as \"Britain's most famous 20th-century economist.\" In addition to being an economist, Keynes was also a civil servant, a director of the Bank of England, and a part of the Bloomsbury Group of intellectuals.", "Q177700": "Dino Maiuri (sometimes credited as Arduino Maiuri) (December 8, 1916 - September 13, 1984) was an Italian screenwriter and film director and producer known for such films as Danger: Diabolik, Kiss the Girls and Make Them Die and Don't Turn the Other Cheek.\n\n", "Q86717": "Jan Appel (pseudonyms: Max Hempel, Jan Arndt, Jan Vo\u00df; 1890, Mecklenburg \u2013 4 May 1985, Maastricht) was a German revolutionary who participated in the German Revolution. He became a prominent Left Communist activist and theorist.", "Q7045639": "The Nobel Women's Initiative is an international advocacy organisation based in Ottawa, Canada. It was created in 2006 by six female winners of the Nobel Peace Prize to support women's groups around the world in campaigning for justice, peace and equality. The six founders are Shirin Ebadi, Wangari Maathai, Rigoberta Mench\u00fa, Jody Williams, Mairead Maguire, and Betty Williams. The only other living female Nobel Peace Prize winner, Aung San Suu Kyi, was under house arrest at the time of the initiative's formation. She became an honorary member on her release in 2010. The initiative's first conference, in 2007, focused on women, conflict and security in the Middle East.The initiative defines \"peace\" as \"the commitment to quality and justice; a democratic world free of physical, economic, cultural, political, religious, sexual and environmental violence and the constant threat of these forms of violence against women\u2014indeed against all of humanity.\"", "Q156916": "Jean Louis Xavier Fran\u00e7ois Darlan (7 August 1881 \u2013 24 December 1942) was a French admiral and political figure. He was admiral of the fleet and Chief of Staff of the French Navy in 1939 at the beginning of World War II. After France signed an armistice with Nazi Germany in 1940, Darlan served in the pro-German Vichy regime, becoming its deputy leader for a time. When the Allies invaded French North Africa in 1942, Darlan was the highest-ranking officer there, and a deal was made, giving him control of North African French forces in exchange for joining their side. Less than two months later he was assassinated.", "Q960370": "Julian Stryjkowski (born Pesach Stark; April 27, 1905 \u2013 August 8, 1996) was a Polish journalist and writer, notable for his social prose of radical leftist leanings. He was considered one of the best Polish-Jewish writers of the communist era.Stryjkowski was born April 27, 1905 in Stryj (Austrian partition, modern Ukraine), to a family of Hasidic Jews. He graduated from the Faculty of Polish Studies and literature of Jan Kazimierz University in Lw\u00f3w and in 1932 started working as a teacher of the Polish language in a gymnasium in P\u0142ock in central Poland. Initially a Zionist, in 1934 he joined the delegalized Communist Party of Western Ukraine and began teaching his own pupils Communist ideology, for which he was arrested and imprisoned in 1935. Upon his release the following year he moved to Warsaw, where he started working as a journalist for various newspapers, and as a library clerk. About that time he also started his work on the Polish translation of C\u00e9line's Death on the Installment Plan.", "Q337388": "Josh James Dubovie (; born 27 November 1990) is a British singer. Dubovie is most notable for having represented the UK at the 2010 Eurovision Song Contest, held in Oslo, Norway, in May 2010, after winning the UK national selection competition with \"That Sounds Good to Me\", a song by Mike Stock, Pete Waterman and Steve Crosby. He finished in last.", "Q171365": "The Nativity Story is a 2006 American biblical drama film based on the nativity of Jesus, directed by Catherine Hardwicke and starring Keisha Castle-Hughes and Oscar Isaac. The film was released on December 1, 2006 after it premiered in Vatican City November 26, 2006. The Nativity Story was the first film to hold its world premiere in Vatican City.", "Q75853": "Jorge Rafael Videla Redondo (; Spanish: [\u02c8xo\u027exe rafa\u02c8el bi\u02c8\u00f0ela]; 2 August 1925 \u2013 17 May 2013) was a senior commander in the Argentine Army and dictator of Argentina from 1976 to 1981.\nHe came to power in a coup d'\u00e9tat that deposed Isabel Mart\u00ednez de Per\u00f3n. In 1985, two years after the return of a representative democratic government, he was prosecuted in the Trial of the Juntas for large-scale human rights abuses and crimes against humanity that took place under his rule, including kidnappings or forced disappearance, widespread torture and extrajudicial murder of activists and political opponents as well as their families at secret concentration camps. An estimated 13,000to 30,000 political dissidents vanished during this period. Videla was also convicted of the theft of many babies born during the captivity of their mothers at the illegal detention centres and passing them on for illegal adoption by associates of the regime. In his defence, Videla maintained the female guerrilla detainees allowed themselves to fall pregnant in the belief they wouldn't be tortured or executed. On 5 July 2010, Videla took full responsibility for his army's actions during his rule. \"I accept the responsibility as the highest military authority during the internal war. My subordinates followed my orders,\" he told an Argentine court. Videla also sheltered many Nazi fugitives as did Juan Per\u00f3n before him, Alfredo Stroessner from Paraguay and Hugo Banzer from Bolivia. He was under house arrest until 10 October 2008, when he was sent to a military prison.Following a new trial, on 22 December 2010, Videla was sentenced to life in a civilian prison for the deaths of 31 prisoners following his coup. On 5 July 2012, Videla was sentenced to 50 years in prison for the systematic kidnapping of children during his tenure. The following year, Videla died in the Marcos Paz civilian prison five days after suffering a fall in a shower.", "Q44456": "Eloy Guti\u00e9rrez Menoyo (December 8, 1934; Madrid, Spain\u2014October 26, 2012; Havana, Cuba) led the guerilla force Second National Front of the Escambray Mountains during the Cuban Revolution against Fulgencio Batista and later opposed the government of Fidel Castro over its pro-Soviet leanings. His brother Carlos Gut\u00ederrez Menoyo died in the Presidential Palace Attack of March 13, 1957.", "Q1756790": "Majida El Roumi Baradhy (Arabic: \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u064a\u200e; born 13 December 1956) is a Lebanese soprano singer. She is also a UN Goodwill Ambassador. In 1974, she participated in the talent show \"Studio El Fan\" on T\u00e9l\u00e9 Liban and performed songs for Layla Murad at the age of 16.", "Q319061": "Good Night, and Good Luck (stylized as good night, and good luck.) is a 2005 historical drama film directed by George Clooney, and starring David Strathairn, Patricia Clarkson, Clooney, Jeff Daniels, Robert Downey, Jr., and Frank Langella. The movie was written by Clooney and Grant Heslov (both of whom also have acting roles in the film), and portrays the conflict between veteran radio and television journalist Edward R. Murrow (Strathairn) and U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin, especially relating to the anti-Communist Senator's actions with the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations.\nAlthough released in black and white, it was filmed on color film stock, but on a grayscale set, and was color-corrected to black and white during post-production. It focuses on the theme of media responsibility, and also addresses what occurs when the media offers a voice of dissent from government policy. The movie takes its title (which ends with a period or full stop) from the line with which Murrow routinely signed off his broadcasts.\nThe film received critical acclaim for Clooney's direction, the writing, cinematography, production design, and performances (particularly Strathairn's). It was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director for Clooney and Best Actor for Strathairn.", "Q185582": "Knoxville is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee, and the county seat of Knox County. As of the 2010 census, the city has a population of 178,874, and is Tennessee's third largest city after Nashville and Memphis. Knoxville is the principal city of the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area, which was 868,546 in 2015.First settled in 1786, Knoxville was the first capital of Tennessee. The city struggled with geographic isolation throughout the early 19th century. The arrival of the railroad in 1855 led to an economic boom. During the Civil War, the city was bitterly divided over the secession issue, and was occupied alternately by both Confederate and Union armies. Following the war, Knoxville grew rapidly as a major wholesaling and manufacturing center. The city's economy stagnated after the 1920s as the manufacturing sector collapsed, the downtown area declined and city leaders became entrenched in highly partisan political fights. Hosting the 1982 World's Fair helped reinvigorate the city, and revitalization initiatives by city leaders and private developers have had major successes in spurring growth in the city, especially the downtown area.Knoxville is the home of the flagship campus of the University of Tennessee, whose sports teams, the Tennessee Volunteers, are popular in the surrounding area. Knoxville is also home to the headquarters of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for East Tennessee, and the corporate headquarters of several national and regional companies. As one of the largest cities in the Appalachian region, Knoxville has positioned itself in recent years as a repository of Appalachian culture and is one of the gateways to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.", "Q394423": "Agner Krarup Erlang (1 January 1878 \u2013 3 February 1929) was a Danish mathematician, statistician and engineer, who invented the fields of traffic engineering and queueing theory.By the time of his relatively early death at the age of 51, Erlang had created the field of telephone networks analysis. His early work in scrutinizing the use of local, exchange and trunk telephone line usage in a small community to understand the theoretical requirements of an efficient network led to the creation of the Erlang formula, which became a foundational element of modern telecommunication network studies.", "Q966715": "Jos\u00e9 Peirats Valls (15 March 1908 La Vall d'Uix\u00f3 - 20 August 1989) was a Spanish anarchist, activist, journalist and historian.\nPeirats was born in the Province of Castell\u00f3n. He had a limited schooling in one of the working class rationalist schools which offered an alternative to mainstream education controlled by the clergy and state. Thus he developed a thirst for learning which never left him. For many years he worked as a tile-maker, and devoted himself to the anarchist movement.\nPeirats came to anarchism after moving in his early years to Barcelona. He was a long-standing member of the Confederaci\u00f3n Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) and at one point edited its newspaper, Solidaridad Obrera ('Workers Solidarity'). He was also a member of the federation of anarchist affinity groups, the Federaci\u00f3n Anarquista Ib\u00e9rica (FAI).\nAs a historian of the Spanish anarchist movement, Peirats produced an important three volume study of the libertarian movement in the Spanish Civil War, La CNT en la revoluci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola. A one volume abridgement, Anarchists in the Spanish Revolution was printed by Black and Red. An English translation of the full three-volume work was published by Stuart Christie, edited by Chris Ealham. The first two volumes were published in 2001 and 2005 respectively; the third volume was published in 2006.\nPeirats papers are held by the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam.", "Q1200053": "Derek Reginald Lamb (1936 \u2013 5 November 2005) was a British animation filmmaker and producer. While serving as executive producer of the National Film Board of Canada's English Animation Studio from 1976 to 1982, he produced the Oscar-winner Special Delivery, directed by John Weldon and Eunice Macaulay, and produced and scripted Eugene Fedorenko's Every Child. He also created numerous animated sketches for Sesame Street, sometimes in collaboration with John Canemaker.\nIn 1983, Derek and a former wife, animator Janet Perlman, formed an independent production company. Among their productions was the Sports Cartoons series, which aired on Nickelodeon in the United States. Lamb and Fedorenko collaborated on the first animation sequences for an IMAX film, Skyward, first presented at Expo '85 in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.\nWith Fedorenko and Perlman, Lamb created the animated title sequence of the PBS series Mystery! based on the art of Edward Gorey, and a series of network ID's for YTV in 1991.\nLamb was also a musician. In 1962, he released an album of songs on Folkways Records titled She Was Poor But She Was Honest, which included songs drawn from London Music Halls and Pubs.Two years before his death, Derek Lamb appeared, as himself, in the 2004 Oscar-winning animated documentary short film, Ryan (watch film on the NFB's channel on YouTube), directed by Canadian-based animation filmmaker, Chris Landreth.\nFrom his first marriage, he had two sons: Richard Steven Lamb (born in London on 27 September 1963) and Thomas Derek Lamb (born in Cambridge on 3 March 1966). He died at the age of 69 from cancer, at a friend's home in Poulsbo, Washington on 5 November 2005.", "Q2701398": "Boyd Leon Coddington (August 28, 1944 \u2013 February 27, 2008)\nwas an American hot rod designer, the owner of the Boyd Coddington Hot Rod Shop and star of American Hot Rod on TLC.", "Q357468": "Guy Lalibert\u00e9, (born 2 September 1959) is a Canadian billionaire businessman, and poker player. Along with Gilles Ste-Croix, he is the co-founder of Cirque du Soleil. In January 2018, Lalibert\u00e9 was ranked by Forbes as the 11th wealthiest Canadian.Following an announcement from Cirque du Soleil in April 2015 concerning a change in ownership, Lalibert\u00e9 will maintain a stake in the business and will continue to provide strategic and creative input to the company.In 1984, Lalibert\u00e9 founded Cirque du Soleil. The Canadian circus company's shows have since been seen by more than 90 million people worldwide. Prior, he busked, performing as an accordion player, stiltwalker and fire-eater. In 2006, Lalibert\u00e9 was named the Ernst & Young Canadian Entrepreneur of the Year. In 2007, he was named Ernst & Young World Entrepreneur Of The Year.", "Q233850": "Claire Trevor (born Claire Wemlinger; March 8, 1910 \u2013 April 8, 2000) was an American actress.\nShe appeared in 68 feature films from 1933 to 1982 (per IMDB), winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Key Largo (1948), and received nominations for her roles in The High and the Mighty (1954) and Dead End (1937). She was billed first for Stagecoach (1939); her profile was higher than John Wayne at the time.", "Q96510": "Mircea Cri\u0219an (8 August 1924 \u2013 22 November 2013) was considered to be one of the greatest Romanian comedians and comedic actors.", "Q845866": "Ramat HaSharon (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05b8\u05de\u05b7\u05ea \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05b8\u05bc\u05c1\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05df, lit. Sharon Heights or Heights of the (Great) Plain) is a city located on Israel's central coastal strip in the south of the Sharon region, bordering Tel Aviv to the south, Hod HaSharon to the east and Herzliya and Kibbutz Glil Yam to the north. It is part of the Tel Aviv District, within Gush Dan metropolitan area. In 2018 it had a population of 46,720.\n\n", "Q286755": "The Best Man (known in the US as Best Man, Worst Friend (on television) and Unhitched, may the best man win (on home video) is a comedy film starring Stuart Townsend, Amy Smart, Seth Green and Kate Ashfield. It was directed by Stefan Schwartz from a script by Schwartz and Ed Roe.\n\n", "Q9303": "The Bosnian language ( (listen); bosanski / \u0431\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 [b\u0254\u030csanski\u02d0]) is the standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian mainly used by Bosniaks. Bosnian is one of three such varieties considered official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, along with Croatian and Serbian. It is also an officially recognized minority language in Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Kosovo.Bosnian uses both the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, with Latin in everyday use. It is notable among the varieties of Serbo-Croatian for a number of Arabic, Ottoman Turkish and Persian loanwords, largely due to the language's interaction with those cultures through Islamic ties.Bosnian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Serbian, and Montenegrin varieties. Therefore, the Declaration on the Common Language of, Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks and Montenegrins was issued in 2017 in Sarajevo. Until the 1990s, the common language was called Serbo-Croatian and that term is still used in English, along with \"Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian\" (BCMS), especially in diplomatic circles.", "Q936122": "Waldemar Thrane (8 October 1790 \u2013 30 December 1828) was a Norwegian composer, violinist and conductor.Waldemar Thrane was born in Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was the son of Paul Thrane (1751\u20131830), a businessman and timber merchant, and was an uncle of the author and journalist Marcus Thrane.From 1814 to 1815, he studied music in Paris. In 1819, Thrane made his debut concert in Oslo as conductor, violinist and composer. He served as conductor of the Christiania Public Theatre Orchestra (Christiania offentlige Theaters orkester) and The Musical Lyceum (Det musikalske Lyceum) until he fell ill and was replaced by Ole Bull in 1828. He died at 38 years of age. Waldemar Thranes gate (Waldemar Thrane Street), located in St. Hanshaugen in Oslo, is named in his honor.", "Q4692118": "Ageo Medics (\u4e0a\u5c3e\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u30b9, Ageo Medikkusu) is a women's volleyball team based in Ageo city, Saitama, Japan. It plays in V.League 1. The club was founded in 2001.\nThe owner of the team is Ageo Medical Group.", "Q156902": "Primo\u017e Trubar or Primus Truber (pronunciation ) (1508 \u2013 28 June 1586) was a Slovene Protestant Reformer of the Lutheran tradition, mostly known as the author of the first Slovene language printed book, the founder and the first superintendent of the Protestant Church of the Duchy of Carniola, and for consolidating the Slovene language. Trubar introduced Lutheranism in Slovenia, but after the Austrian Habsburgs introduced the Counter-Reformation only a small community remained. Trubar is a key figure of Slovene history and in many aspects a major historical personality.", "Q299675": "Francesco I (25 March 1541 \u2013 19 October 1587) was the second Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 until his death in 1587, a member of the House of Medici.", "Q351019": "Edgardo Armando Franco, better known as El General, is a Panamanian former reggae artist considered by some to be one of the fathers of \"Reggae Espa\u00f1ol\". During the early 1990s, he was one of the artists who initiated the Spanish-language dancehall variety of reggae music. Early examples of this were the international and somewhat mainstream songs, \"Te Ves Buena\" and \"Tu Pun Pun\". Both songs, performed in Spanish deejaying style, were very successful in North America. After getting his foot in the door of the commercial market, many other Spanish-language dancehall reggae artists became famous in the mainstream as well. He has a unique, easy to listen to style of dance music and has produced many well-known songs all over Latin America. His musical works have become popular in Latin America over the last few years. This style is called reggae en Espa\u00f1ol, because he makes dancehall reggae music with Spanish-language lyrics and is an early precursor to reggaeton.", "Q195949": "Evan Almighty is a 2007 American fantasy disaster comedy film, and a stand-alone sequel and spin-off of Bruce Almighty (2003). The film was directed by Tom Shadyac, written by Steve Oedekerk, based on the characters created by Steve Koren and Mark O'Keefe from the original film. It stars Steve Carell and Morgan Freeman reprising their roles as Evan Baxter and God, respectively, with newcomers Lauren Graham and John Goodman.\nProduction of the film began in January 2006. Several visual effect companies were used to provide CGI for the numerous animals and the climactic flood scene. The main plot is a modern-day retelling of Noah's Ark. By the time the film had completed production, it had become the most expensive comedy film ever (this record was later overtaken by Men in Black 3). In October 2007, the film was released on DVD and HD DVD.\nThe film opened on June 22, 2007, and made less than its budget of $175 million worldwide, while receiving generally negative reviews from critics. Evan Almighty was also a financial failure and was notable for allegations that the many animals used in the film were treated poorly, but Universal Pictures insisted the animals were treated humanely.", "Q242071": "\u00c9tienne Edmond \u0152hmichen (French: [\u00f8mi\u0283\u025bn]; 15 October 1884, in Ch\u00e2lons-sur-Marne Ch\u00e2lons-en-Champagne \u2013 10 July 1955, in Paris) was a French engineer and helicopter designer.", "Q2401446": "Sir John See (14 October 1844 \u2013 31 January 1907) was a member of the New South Wales Legislature from 26 November 1880 to 15 June 1901, and was then Premier of New South Wales from 1901 to 1904.\nSee was a self-made man of strong character, an excellent business man and a sound politician. He was well regarded by both sides of politics, for Labour politicians remembered that during his administration the establishment of the State clothing factory had a great influence in abolishing sweating, and that women's suffrage was also introduced.", "Q2909493": "Zvi Alderoti (Hebrew: \u05e6\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05d8\u05d9\u200e, born 9 May 1934) is an Israeli former politician who briefly served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment in 1977.", "Q92776": "Stephen Byram Furber (born 21 March 1953) is a British computer scientist, mathematician and hardware engineer, currently the ICL Professor of Computer Engineering in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Manchester, UK. After completing his education at the University of Cambridge (BA, MMath, PhD), he spent the 1980s at Acorn Computers, where he was a principal designer of the BBC Micro and the ARM 32-bit RISC microprocessor. As of 2018, over 100 billion variants of the ARM processor have been manufactured, powering much of the world's mobile computing and embedded systems.In 1990, he moved to Manchester where he leads research into asynchronous systems, low-power electronics and neural engineering, where the Spiking Neural Network Architecture (SpiNNaker) project is delivering a computer incorporating a million ARM processors optimised for computational neuroscience.", "Q488523": "The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a federal political party in Canada. It was formed in 2003 from the multiple right-wing parties which had existed in Canada for over a century, historically grouped into two camps, \"Red Tories\" and \"Blue Tories\". The party sits at the centre-right to the right-wing of the Canadian political spectrum, with the Liberal Party of Canada positioned centre to centre-left. Like their federal Liberal rivals, the party is defined as a \"big tent\", welcoming a broad variety of members. The party's leader is Andrew Scheer, who serves as Leader of the Official Opposition until his announcement of resignation on 12 December 2019.\nFrom Confederation till 1942, the original Conservative Party of Canada participated in numerous governments. Before 1942, the predecessors to the Conservatives had multiple names, but by 1942, the main right-wing Canadian force became known as the Progressive Conservatives. In 1957, John Diefenbaker became the first Prime Minister from the Progressive Conservative Party, and remained in office until 1963.Another Progressive Conservative government was elected after the results of the 1979 federal election, with Joe Clark becoming Prime Minister. Clark served from 1979 to 1980, when he was defeated by the Liberal Party after the 1980 federal election. In 1984, the Progressive Conservatives won with Brian Mulroney becoming Prime Minister. Mulroney was Prime Minister from 1984 to 1993, and his government was marked by free trade agreements and economic liberalization. The party suffered a near complete loss after the 1993 federal election, thanks to a splintering of the right-wing; the Conservatives' other predecessor, the Reform Party, led by Preston Manning placed in third, leaving the Progressive Conservatives in fifth. A similar result occurred in 1997, and in 2000, when the Reform Party became the Canadian Alliance.In 2003, the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservatives merged, forming the Conservative Party of Canada. The unified Conservative Party claims to generally favour lower taxes, small government, more transfer of federal government powers to the provinces modeled after the Meech Lake Accord and a tougher stand on \"law and order\" issues.\nUnder its first Leader Stephen Harper, the party governed with two minority governments after the 2006 federal election and 2008. It then won a majority government in the 2011 federal election before being defeated in the 2015 federal election by a majority Liberal government.", "Q2256": "Birmingham ( (listen) BUR-ming-\u0259m) is a major city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. It is the second-largest city and metropolitan area in England and the United Kingdom, with roughly 1.1 million inhabitants within the city area and 4.3 million inhabitants within the metropolitan area. Birmingham is commonly referred to as the second city of the United Kingdom.Located in the West Midlands county and region in England, approximately 100 miles (160 km) from Central London, Birmingham, as one of the United Kingdom's major cities, is considered to be the social, cultural, financial, and commercial centre of both the East and West Midlands. Distinctively, Birmingham only has small rivers flowing through it, mainly the River Tame and its tributaries River Rea and River Cole \u2013 one of the closest main rivers is the Severn, approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of the city centre. Birmingham's urban area is the second-largest in the United Kingdom, with its most recently estimated population in 2017 being 2,897,303, and it also lies within the most populated English district.\nA market town in the medieval period, Birmingham grew in the 18th-century Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution, which saw advances in science, technology, and economic development, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791, it was being hailed as \"the first manufacturing town in the world\". Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided an economic base for prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. The Watt steam engine was invented in Birmingham.The resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of political radicalism which, under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain, was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London, and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy. From the summer of 1940 to the spring of 1943, Birmingham was bombed heavily by the German Luftwaffe in what is known as the Birmingham Blitz. The damage done to the city's infrastructure, in addition to a deliberate policy of demolition and new building by planners, led to extensive urban regeneration in subsequent decades.\nBirmingham's economy is now dominated by the service sector. The city is a major international commercial centre, ranked as a beta \u2212 world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network the joint highest ranking with Edinburgh and Manchester of all British cities outside of London; and an important transport, retail, events and conference hub. Its metropolitan economy is the second largest in the United Kingdom with a GDP of $121.1bn (2014), and its six universities make it the largest centre of higher education in the country outside London. Birmingham's major cultural institutions \u2013 the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, the Birmingham Royal Ballet, the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, the Library of Birmingham and the Barber Institute of Fine Arts \u2013 enjoy international reputations, and the city has vibrant and influential grassroots art, music, literary and culinary scenes. The city will host the 2022 Commonwealth Games. Birmingham is the fourth-most visited city in the UK by foreign visitors.People from Birmingham are called Brummies, a term derived from the city's nickname of \"Brum\", which originates from the city's old name, Brummagem, which in turn is thought to have derived from \"Bromwich-ham\". The Brummie accent and dialect are particularly distinctive.\n\n", "Q173572": "Aurelio Lampredi (16 June 1917 \u2013 1 June 1989) was an Italian automobile and aircraft engine designer.\nBorn in Livorno, he began his career at Piaggio, makers of the Vespa scooter, but quickly moved up to larger engines. He worked at Isotta Fraschini before World War II, and then joined Reggiane to design aircraft engines.\nLampredi's fame brought him to Ferrari in 1946. He temporarily quit the company to go back to Isotta Fraschini in March 1947 but returned to Ferrari at the beginning of 1948 where he designed large 3.3, 4.1 and 4.5 L displacement V12 family of engines (the \"Lampredi engine\") which first saw use in the 1950s 275 S, 275 F1, 340 F1 and 375 F1 race cars. Lampredi's engines were used as large naturally aspirated alternatives to the diminutive Gioacchino Colombo-designed V12s used in most Ferrari cars until that time. Especially after the failure of Colombo's supercharged engine in Formula One, Lampredi's design began to find favor in the company. Lampredi oversaw Ferrari's racing effort during its early success in 1952 and 1953.\n\nIn 1951, Enzo Ferrari saw a good opportunity to make a competitive car for Formula Two racing. And the rules for Formula One made it possible that the Formula Two car could also be competitive in Formula One for two years, until new engine regulations came into effect in 1954. So, he suggested to Lampredi that he design a four cylinder racing engine. This Lampredi twin-cam four cylinder proved very successful in Formula Two, Formula One and sports racing cars.Lampredi's work at Ferrari ended permanently in 1955 when Ferrari bought Lancia's racing team and famed engine designer Vittorio Jano, formerly of Alfa Romeo. Though Lampredi's engine designs lived on in Ferrari road cars, Jano's V6 and V12 engines quickly replaced Lampredi's large V12s for racing use.\nAfter Ferrari, Lampredi went to Fiat, where he oversaw that company's engine design efforts until 1977. It was at Fiat where he designed the famous Fiat Twin-Cam and SOHC engines, which provided motive-force for most Fiat and Lancia automobiles for over 32 years. He was also made manager of Fiat's Abarth factory racing group from 1973 through 1982.\nHe was responsible for designing the engine that allowed Fiat to allocate in the Brazilian market in 1976, the FIASA (acronym of Portuguese \"Fiat Autom\u00f3veis S.A). That engine equipped the Fiat 147, direct derivation of the European Fiat 127 but exclusively Brazilian. That was a big impact for the Brazilian automotive industry, because the Fiat 147 was the first national vehicle to have transverse mounted engine with belt driven overhead camshaft. It was also the first engine made on a large scale to be powered by Ethanol. Then, in 1979 the Fiat 147 is known to be the world's first car sold on a large scale to be moved by Ethanol. The Engine went so successful, that Fiat re-used it with small changes in the original project until 2001 (25 years), when the FIASA was superseded by the FIRE engine, also a straight-four engine, but bi-fuelled (Ethanol and Gasoline) and much lighter.\nLampredi died in Livorno in 1989.", "Q672345": "Pizzo Gallina is a 3,061-metre-high (10,043 ft) mountain in the Lepontine Alps of Switzerland, overlooking the Nufenen Pass.Administratively, the summit is located on the border between the municipality of Obergoms, to the north-west and in the canton of Valais, and the municipality of Bedretto, to the south-east and in the canton of Ticino.", "Q932344": "John Stone Stone (September 24, 1869 \u2013 May 20, 1943) was an American mathematician, physicist and inventor. He initially worked in telephone research, followed by influential work developing early radio technology, where he was especially known for improvements in tuning. Despite his often advanced designs, the Stone Telegraph and Telephone Company failed in 1908, and he spent the remainder of his career as an engineering consultant.", "Q4019370": "When We Were Beautiful, also known as Bon Jovi: When We Were Beautiful, is a 2009 feature documentary of the American rock band Bon Jovi, marking the band's 25th year. \nPremiered at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival as a work in progress production, the film documents Bon Jovi's Lost Highway Tour in 2007 and includes interviews with band members. The film is directed by Phil Griffin and produced by Jon Kamen, Jack Rovner and Justin Wilkes. The production company for the release is Radical Media.", "Q49172": "New Britain is a city in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. It is located approximately 9 miles (14 km) southwest of Hartford. According to 2010 Census, the population of the city is 73,206.Among the southernmost of the communities encompassed within the Hartford-Springfield Knowledge Corridor metropolitan region, New Britain is home to Central Connecticut State University and Charter Oak State College. The city was noted for its industry during the 19th and early 20th centuries, and notable sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places include Walnut Hill Park developed by the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted and Downtown New Britain.\nThe city's official nickname is the \"Hardware City\" because of its history as a manufacturing center and as the headquarters of Stanley Black & Decker. Because of its large Polish population, the city is often playfully referred to as \"New Britski.\"", "Q66191": "Muttenz (Swiss German: Muttez) is a municipality with a population of approximately 17,000 in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland. It is located in the district of Arlesheim and next to the city of Basel.", "Q229808": "The Amazing Spider-Man is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man, and sharing the title of the character's longest-running comic book series. It is the fourth theatrical Spider-Man film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment, a reboot of the series following Sam Raimi's 2002\u20132007 Spider-Man trilogy, and the first of the two The Amazing Spider-Man films. The film was directed by Marc Webb from a screenplay by James Vanderbilt, Alvin Sargent and Steve Kloves, and stars Andrew Garfield, Emma Stone, Rhys Ifans, Denis Leary, Campbell Scott, Irrfan Khan, Martin Sheen, and Sally Field. In the film, after Peter Parker is bitten by a genetically altered spider, he gains newfound, spider-like powers and ventures out to save the city from the machinations of a mysterious reptilian foe.\nDevelopment of the film began with the cancellation of Spider-Man 4 in 2010, ending director Sam Raimi's Spider-Man film series that originally featured Tobey Maguire as the titular superhero. Columbia Pictures opted to reboot the franchise with the same production team along with Vanderbilt to stay on with writing the next Spider-Man film, while Sargent and Kloves helped with the script as well. During pre-production, the main characters were cast in 2010. New designs were introduced from the comics, such as artificial web-shooters. Using Red Digital Cinema Camera Company's RED Epic camera, principal photography started in December 2010 in Los Angeles before moving to New York City. The film entered post-production in April 2011. 3ality Technica provided 3D image processing, while Sony Pictures Imageworks handled CGI effects. This was also the final American film to be scored by James Horner and released during his lifetime, three years before his death on June 22, 2015 from an aircraft accident, as well as the penultimate film for both production designer J. Michael Riva and one of the producers Laura Ziskin, who died on June 7, 2012 and June 12, 2011, respectively. J. Michael Riva's last film as production designer was Django Unchained, released 5 months later and Ziskin's last film as producer was The Butler, released 1 year later in 2013.\nSony Pictures Entertainment built a promotional website, releasing many previews and launched a viral marketing campaign, among other moves. Tie-ins included a video game by Beenox and Activision. The film premiered on June 30, 2012 in Tokyo, and was released in the United States on July 3, ten years after release of Spider-Man (2002), in 2D, 3D and IMAX 3D formats. The reboot received a mostly favorable reception, with critics praising Andrew Garfield's performance, the visual style, James Horner's musical score, and the realistic re-imagining and portrayal of the title character, but criticized the number of underdeveloped story-lines, noting the film's deleted scenes, and the introduction of the Lizard as the villain for being too surreal and unrealistic for the film. The film was a box office success, grossing over $757 million worldwide, becoming the seventh highest-grossing film of 2012. A sequel, The Amazing Spider-Man 2, was released on May 2, 2014.", "Q220192": "Zoolander is a 2001 American action comedy film directed by Ben Stiller and starring Stiller, Owen Wilson and Will Ferrell. The film contains elements from a pair of short films directed by Russell Bates and written by Drake Sather and Stiller for the VH1 Fashion Awards television specials in 1996 and 1997. \nThe short films and the film itself feature a dimwitted, narcissistic male model named Derek Zoolander, played by Stiller. The film involves Zoolander becoming the pawn of corrupt fashion executives who are plotting to assassinate the Prime Minister of Malaysia. The name \"Derek Zoolander\" was invented by Bates while he was editing the first short film, and was inspired by the names of two male models who both worked for Calvin Klein: the Dutchman Mark Vanderloo and the American Johnny Zander.A satire on the fashion industry, the film received mixed to positive reviews from critics but was a box office success. A sequel, Zoolander 2, was released in February 2016, to negative reviews. An animated series, Zoolander: Super Model, was released on Netflix UK in August 2016.", "Q59361": "Waleed F. Zuaiter (Arabic: \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0648\u064a\u0637\u0631\u200eborn January 19, 1971) is an American actor and producer who has performed in on-stage productions in Washington, DC, Berkeley, California, and New York City, as well as several film and television productions. He lives in Los Angeles, California. He is the producer and co-star of Omar (2013), which was nominated for an Oscar at the 86th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film.", "Q76382": "Sinn F\u00e9in ( shin FAYN, Irish: [\u0283\u026an\u02b2 \u02c8f\u02b2e\u02d0n\u02b2]; English: \"[We] Ourselves\") is a centre-left to left-wing Irish republican political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.\nThe original Sinn F\u00e9in organisation was founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith, but has split substantially on a number of occasions since then\u2014notably giving rise to the two traditionally dominant parties of southern Irish politics\u2014Fianna F\u00e1il and Fine Gael\u2014in the aftermath of the Irish Civil War. The party took its current form in 1970 after another split (with the other faction eventually becoming the Workers' Party of Ireland). It has historically been associated with the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). Mary Lou McDonald became party president in February 2018.\nSinn F\u00e9in is one of the two largest parties in the Northern Ireland Assembly, winning just one seat less than the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) at the 2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election. In that assembly it is the largest Irish nationalist party, and it holds four ministerial posts in the power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive as of 2020. In the UK House of Commons, Sinn F\u00e9in holds seven of Northern Ireland's 18 seats, making it the second-largest bloc after the DUP; there it follows a policy of abstentionism, refusing to sit in parliament or vote on bills. In the Oireachtas (the parliament of the Republic of Ireland), Sinn F\u00e9in won the largest share of first-preference votes at the 2020 Irish general election.", "Q738258": "The University of Miami (informally referred to as UM, UMiami, U of M or The U) is a private research university in Coral Gables, Florida. As of 2019, the university enrolls 17,811 students in 12 separate colleges/schools, including the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine in Miami's Health District, a law school on the main campus, and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science focused on the study of oceanography and atmospheric sciences on Virginia Key, with research facilities at the Richmond Facility in southern Miami-Dade County.\nThe university offers 132 undergraduate, 148 master's, and 67 doctoral degree programs, of which 63 are research/scholarship and four professional areas of study. Over the years, the university's students have represented all 50 states and close to 150 foreign countries. With more than 16,000 full- and part-time faculty and staff, UM is a top 10 employer in Miami-Dade County. UM's main campus in Coral Gables has 239 acres and over 5.7 million square feet of buildings.\nResearch is a component of each academic division, with UM attracting $358.9 million in sponsored research grants in FY 2019. UM offers a large library system with over 3.9 million volumes and exceptional holdings in Cuban heritage and music. UM also offers a wide range of student activities, including fraternities and sororities, a student newspaper and a radio station. UM's intercollegiate athletic teams, collectively known as the Miami Hurricanes, compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. UM's football team has won five national championships since 1983 and its baseball team has won four national championships since 1982.", "Q95019": "Edith Norma Shearer (August 10, 1902 \u2013 June 12, 1983) was a Canadian American actress and Hollywood star from 1925 through 1942. Shearer often played spunky, sexually liberated ingenues. She appeared in adaptations of No\u00ebl Coward, Eugene O'Neill, and William Shakespeare, and was the first person to be nominated five times for an Academy Award for acting, winning Best Actress for her performance in the 1930 film The Divorcee.Reviewing Shearer's work, Mick LaSalle called her \"the exemplar of sophisticated 1930s womanhood ... exploring love and sex with an honesty that would be considered frank by modern standards\". As a result, Shearer is celebrated as a feminist pioneer, \"the first American film actress to make it chic and acceptable to be single and not a virgin on screen\".", "Q354161": "Jean Mauduit, stage name Larive or de La Rive (6 August 1747, in La Rochelle \u2013 30 April 1827, in Montlignon) was a French actor.", "Q16476": "Mazie Keiko Hirono (; Japanese name: \u5e83\u91ce \u6176\u5b50, Hirono Keiko; born November 3, 1947) is a Japanese-born American politician serving since 2013 as the junior United States Senator from Hawaii. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Hirono served as a member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1981 to 1995 and as Hawaii's ninth lieutenant governor from 1994 to 2002, under Ben Cayetano. The Democratic nominee for governor of Hawaii in 2002, Hirono was defeated by Republican Linda Lingle. From 2007 to 2013, she served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district.\nHirono is the first elected female senator from Hawaii, the first Asian-American woman elected to the Senate, the first U.S. senator born in Japan, and the nation's first Buddhist senator. She considers herself a non-practicing Buddhist and is often cited with Hank Johnson as the first Buddhist to serve in the United States Congress. She is the third woman to be elected to Congress from Hawaii (after Patsy Mink and Pat Saiki). In 2012, Hirono was the Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by the retirement of Daniel Akaka. Hirono won the election, defeating Lingle in a landslide, 63% to 37%. She was sworn in on January 3, 2013, by Vice President Joe Biden. Hirono was the only person of Asian ancestry serving in the U.S. Senate from 2013 until 2017, when senators Tammy Duckworth and Kamala Harris were sworn in, representing Illinois and California, respectively. Although Brian Schatz joined the Senate a week before Hirono, following the death of Daniel Inouye, making him Hawaii's senior senator, her six years in the House of Representatives makes her the dean, or longest-serving member overall, of Hawaii's congressional delegation.", "Q465695": "Kathryn Lee Gifford (n\u00e9e Epstein; born August 16, 1953) is an American television presenter, singer, songwriter, occasional actress and author. She is best known for her 15-year run (1985\u20132000) on the talk show Live! with Regis and Kathie Lee, which she co-hosted with Regis Philbin. She is also known for her 11-year run with Hoda Kotb, on the fourth hour of NBC's Today show (2008\u20132019). She has received 11 Daytime Emmy nominations and won her first Daytime Emmy in 2010 as part of the Today team. Gifford's first television role had been as Tom Kennedy's singer/sidekick on the syndicated version of Name That Tune, from 1974 to 1978. She also occasionally appeared on the first three hours of Today and was a contributing NBC News correspondent.\nKathie Lee married Paul Johnson, a Christian composer/arranger/producer/publisher in 1976. After their divorce in 1982, she married sportscaster and former NFL player Frank Gifford in 1986. He died in 2015. Kathie Lee has released studio albums and written books.", "Q84114": "John Coolidge Adams (born February 15, 1947) is an American composer, clarinetist, and conductor of classical music and opera, with strong roots in minimalism.Among over 60 major compositions are his breakthrough piece for string septet Shaker Loops (1978), his first significant large-scale orchestral work Harmonielehre (1985), the popular fanfare Short Ride in a Fast Machine (1986), and On the Transmigration of Souls (2002), a choral piece commemorating the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks, which won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 2003.\nHe has written several operas, notably Nixon in China (1987), which recounts Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China; Doctor Atomic (2005), which covers Robert Oppenheimer, the Manhattan Project, and the building of the first atomic bomb; and the controversial The Death of Klinghoffer (1991), based on the hijacking of the passenger liner Achille Lauro by the Palestine Liberation Front in 1985, and the hijackers' murder of 69-year-old Jewish-American passenger Leon Klinghoffer, who used a wheelchair.\nIn addition to the Pulitzer, honors Adams has received include the Erasmus Prize, five Grammy Awards, the Harvard Arts Medal, France's Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and six honorary doctorates.", "Q70095": "Courroux (Franc-Comtois: Corrou) is a municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q403276": "Ai Xia (Chinese: \u827e\u971e; 29 November 1912 \u2013 15 February 1934) was a Chinese left-wing silent film actress and screenwriter. She committed suicide in 1934, the first Chinese actor to have done so. Her suicide inspired Cai Chusheng's classic film New Women starring Ruan Lingyu, who also killed herself soon after the release of the film.", "Q240100": "Gunnar Toln\u00e6s (1879\u20131940) was a Norwegian-born film actor who worked for most of his career in Denmark.", "Q211429": "Up in the Air is a 2009 American comedy-drama film directed by Jason Reitman and written by Reitman and Sheldon Turner, based on the 2001 novel of the same name by Walter Kirn. The story is centered on corporate \"downsizer\" Ryan Bingham (George Clooney) and his travels. Vera Farmiga, Anna Kendrick, and Danny McBride also star. Filming was primarily in St. Louis, Missouri, which substituted for a number of other cities. Several scenes were filmed in Detroit, Omaha, Las Vegas and Miami.\nReitman promoted Up in the Air with personal appearances at film festivals and other showings, starting with the Telluride Film Festival on September 5, 2009. The Los Angeles premiere was at the Mann Village Theater on November 30, 2009. Paramount scheduled a limited North American release on December 4, 2009, broadening the release on December 11, 2009, with a wide release on December 23, 2009.\nThe film was met with critical acclaim, for Reitman's screenplay and the performances by Clooney and Kendrick. National Board of Review and the Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association named Up in the Air the Best Picture of 2009. It received eight Critics' Choice Movie Awards nominations and garnered a win for Adapted Screenplay, six Golden Globe Award nominations, earning a win for Best Screenplay, and three Screen Actors Guild nominations. It received six Oscar nominations and recognition from numerous critics' associations.", "Q1299302": "Geoff Muldaur (born August 12, 1943) is an American folk musician who was a founding member of the Jim Kweskin Jug Band and a member of Paul Butterfield's Better Days.", "Q517571": "Krassimira Stoyanova (Bulgarian: \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430) (born in Veliko Tarnovo, 16 August 1962) is a Bulgarian soprano.She studied violin at the Conservatory and singing and violin at the Plovdiv Music Academy and made her professional debut in 1995 at the Sofia National Opera House, where she debuted a wide range of roles. Since 1998 has a close relationship with the Vienna State Opera where she has sung Rachel, Le nozze di Figaro, Micaela, Antonia, Li\u00f9, Nedda, Mimi, Violetta, Alice, Rusalka, Desdemona, Elisabetta, Ariadne auf Naxos, Amelia, Anna Bolena, to mention only a few. She is particularly well known for the title role in La Juive. She was awarded the Austrian title of Kammers\u00e4ngerin in 2009.She sings regularly at New York\u00b4s Metropolitan Opera House, Wiener Staatsoper, Teatro Col\u00f3n, Deutsche Oper Berlin, San Diego, Chicago, the Liceo in Barcelona, Royal Opera House Covent Garden London, Teatro alla Scala di Milano, the Bastille Paris, to the State Operas of Munich, Hamburg, Berlin, Dresden and Z\u00fcrich. In 2003 she made her debut at the Salzburg Festival where she has been a regular guest since then.", "Q380330": "Vlad II (Romanian: Vlad al II-lea), also known as Vlad Dracul (Vlad al II-lea Dracul) or Vlad the Dragon (before 1395 \u2013 November 1447), was Voivode of Wallachia from 1436 to 1442, and again from 1443 to 1447. He is internationally known as the father of Vlad the Impaler, or Dracula. Born an illegitimate son of Mircea I of Wallachia, he spent his youth at the court of Sigismund of Luxembourg, who made him a member of the Order of the Dragon in 1431 (hence his sobriquet). Sigismund also recognized him as the lawful voivode of Wallachia, allowing him to settle in the nearby Transylvania. Vlad could not assert his claim during the life of his half-brother, Alexander I Aldea, who acknowledged the suzerainty of the Ottoman Sultan, Murad II.\nAfter Alexander Aldea died in 1436, Vlad seized Wallachia with Hungarian support. Following the death of Sigismund of Luxembourg in 1437, Hungary's position weakened, causing him to pay homage to Murad II, which included participating in Murad II's invasion of Transylvania in the summer of 1438. John Hunyadi, Voivode of Transylvania, came to Wallachia to convince Vlad to join a crusade against the Ottomans in 1441. After Hunyadi routed an Ottoman army in Transylvania, the sultan ordered Vlad to come to Edirne where he was captured in 1442. Hunyadi invaded Wallachia and made Vlad's cousin, Basarab II, voivode.\nVlad was released before the end of the year but was forced to leave his two young sons as hostages in the Ottoman court. He was restored in Wallachia with Ottoman support in 1443. He remained neutral during Hunyadi's \"Long Campaign\" against the Ottoman Empire between October 1443 and January 1444, but he sent 4,000 horsemen to fight against the Ottomans during the Crusade of Varna. With the support of a Burgundian fleet, he captured the important Ottoman fortress at Giurgiu in 1445. He made peace with the Ottoman Empire in 1446 or 1447, which contributed to the deterioration of his relationship with Hunyadi. Hunyadi invaded Wallachia, forcing Vlad to flee from T\u00e2rgovi\u0219te in late November, where he was killed at a nearby village.", "Q181082": "Charles Patrick Pfarrer III (born April 13, 1957) is an American writer, film producer, and former United States Navy SEAL. As an author, he has penned published screenplays, novels, comic book, and non-fiction works. Regardless of medium, his work usually deal with themes pertaining to the military, and he has worked on blockbuster films like Navy SEALs, Darkman, and Hard Target.", "Q560921": "Joel Lehtonen (11 November 1881 \u2013 20 November 1934) was a Finnish author, translator, critic and journalist. He was born in S\u00e4\u00e4minki (now part of Savonlinna). His childhood was fatherless and poverty-stricken, his mother suffered from mental frailties and Joel himself was forced into paupery. Joel's foster mother supported his schooling and Lehtonen was able to study literature for a few years in the University of Helsinki, but dropped out without completing a degree.\nAs an author, he began as a neoromanticist, but after the Finnish Civil War his outlook transformed into deep pessimism and disenchanted scepticism.\nHaving suffered for years from various ailments, he committed suicide by hanging himself with a rope, that had been used to wrap up a parcel of books, in November 1934.", "Q61198": "Patricia Mary W. Barker, (n\u00e9e Drake; born 8 May 1943) is an English writer and novelist. She has won many awards for her fiction, which centres on themes of memory, trauma, survival and recovery. Her work is described as direct, blunt and plainspoken. In 2012, The Observer named the Regeneration Trilogy as one of \"The 10 best historical novels\".", "Q304030": "Eat Pray Love is a 2010 American biographical romantic drama film starring Julia Roberts as Elizabeth Gilbert, based on Gilbert's 2006 memoir of the same name. Ryan Murphy co-wrote and directed the film, which was released in the United States on August 13, 2010. It received mixed to negative reviews from critics, but was a financial success, grossing $204.6 million worldwide against a $60 million budget.", "Q2530": "Gerhard Fritz Kurt Schr\u00f6der (German: [\u02c8\u0261\u025b\u0250\u032fha\u0250\u032ft f\u0281\u026ats k\u028a\u0250\u032ft \u02c8\u0283\u0281\u00f8\u02d0d\u0250] (listen); born 7 April 1944) is a German politician who served as Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005, during which his most important political initiative was Agenda 2010. As a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), he led a coalition government of the SPD and the Greens.\nBefore becoming a full-time politician, he was a lawyer, and before becoming Chancellor he served as Prime Minister of Lower Saxony (1990\u20131998). Following the 2005 federal election, which his party lost, after three weeks of negotiations he stood down as Chancellor in favour of Angela Merkel of the rival Christian Democratic Union. He is currently the chairman of the board of Nord Stream AG and of Rosneft, after having been hired as a global manager by investment bank Rothschild, and also the chairman of the board of football club Hannover 96.", "Q314223": "Yann Arthus-Bertrand (born 13 March 1946) is an environmentalist, activist, journalist and photographer. He has also directed films about the impact of humans on the planet. He is especially well known for his book Earth from Above (1999) and his films Home (2009) and Human (2015). It is because of this commitment that Yann Arthus-Bertrand was designated Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Environment Programme on Earth Day (April 22, 2009).", "Q173214": "Sir Francis Owen Garbett Williams (born 16 April 1942) is a British businessman, former racing car driver and mechanic. He is the founder and team principal of the Williams Formula One team.", "Q1039": "S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe (; Portuguese: [s\u0250\u0303w\u0303 tu\u02c8m\u025b i \u02c8p\u027e\u0129s\u0268p\u0268]), (English: Saint Thomas and Prince) officially the Democratic Republic of S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe, is an island country in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two archipelagos around the two main islands of S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe, about 140 km (87 mi) apart and about 250 and 225 km (155 and 140 mi) off the northwestern coast of Gabon, respectively.\nThe islands were uninhabited until their discovery by Portuguese explorers in the 15th century. Gradually colonized and settled by the Portuguese throughout the 16th century, they collectively served as a vital commercial and trade center for the Atlantic slave trade. The rich volcanic soil and close proximity to the Equator made S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe ideal for sugar cultivation, followed later by cash crops such as coffee and cocoa; the lucrative plantation economy was heavily dependent upon imported African slaves. Cycles of social unrest and economic instability throughout the 19th and 20th centuries culminated in peaceful independence in 1975. S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe has since remained one of Africa's most stable and democratic countries.\nWith a population of 201,800 (2018 official estimate), S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe is the second-smallest African sovereign state after Seychelles, as well as the smallest Portuguese-speaking country. Its people are predominantly of African and mesti\u00e7o descent, with most practicing Roman Catholicism. The legacy of Portuguese rule is also visible in the country's culture, customs, and music, which fuse European and African influences. S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe is a founding member state of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.", "Q242717": "Jane Alexander (born October 28, 1939) is an American author, actress, and former director of the National Endowment for the Arts. She is a Tony Award winner and two-time Emmy Award winner.\nAlexander made her Broadway debut in 1968 in The Great White Hope and won the 1969 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play. Other Broadway credits include, 6 Rms Riv Vu (1972), The Night of the Iguana (1988), The Sisters Rosensweig (1993) and Honour (1998). She has received a total of seven Tony Award nominations and was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1994.She went on to star in the film version of The Great White Hope in 1970 and received the first of four Academy Award nominations for her performance. Her subsequent Oscar nominations were for All the President's Men (1976), Kramer vs. Kramer (1979), and Testament (1983). An eight-time Emmy nominee, she received her first nomination for playing Eleanor Roosevelt in Eleanor and Franklin (1976), a role that required her to age from 18 to 60. She has won two Emmys for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for Playing for Time (1980) and Warm Springs (2005).", "Q723678": "Stanislas Charles Henri Dupuy de L\u00f4me (French pronunciation: \u200b[stanisl\u0251 \u0283a\u0281l \u0251\u0303\u0281i dyp\u0265ij d(\u0259) lom]; 15 October 1816 \u2013 1 February 1885) was a French naval architect. He was the son of a naval officer and was born in Ploemeur near Lorient, Brittany, in western France. He was educated at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique and ENSTA. He was particularly active during the 1840\u20131870 period.\nAfter finishing his professional education, he went to England about 1842, and made a thorough study of iron shipbuilding and steam navigation. He wrote a report, subsequently published under the title of M\u00e9moire sur la construction des b\u00e2timents en fer in 1844.", "Q4666099": "Abdullah bin Faisal Al Saud (Arabic:\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f) (born 1951) is a member of House of Saud. Between October 2015 and April 2017 he was Saudi Arabia's ambassador to the United States.\n\n", "Q3132146": "Sakura Gakuin (Japanese: \u3055\u304f\u3089\u5b66\u9662, lit. 'Cherry Blossom Academy') is a Japanese idol girl group formed in 2010 by the Amuse talent agency. The group's membership falls within the age range of Japanese compulsory education, typically containing between 10 and 12 members at a time who fall between the ages of 10 and 15. With the theme of school life and extracurricular club activities, when the academic year ends at the end of March, the group releases an annual studio album, new members \"transfer in\" to the group, and others who finish compulsory education \"graduate\", or leave.\nMembers of the group also belong to one or more of its sub-units, which are modeled after school extracurricular clubs. Each club performs with its own theme and musical genre, and their music may be included in the main group's albums or released as a separate single.", "Q9465": "Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concerns matters of value, and thus comprises the branch of philosophy called axiology.Ethics seeks to resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime. As a field of intellectual inquiry, moral philosophy also is related to the fields of moral psychology, descriptive ethics, and value theory.\nThree major areas of study within ethics recognized today are:\nMeta-ethics, concerning the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions, and how their truth values (if any) can be determined\nNormative ethics, concerning the practical means of determining a moral course of action\nApplied ethics, concerning what a person is obligated (or permitted) to do in a specific situation or a particular domain of action.", "Q286033": "Yvonne Zima (born January 16, 1989) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Daisy Carter on The Young and the Restless.", "Q97168": "Henrike Marie B\u00e4umer (born 7 May 1969) is a German film and TV actress. She has appeared in more than forty films since 1993. She has a son with actor Nicki von Tempelhoff.", "Q2227802": "Moscow State University of Civil Engineering or MGSU (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 - \u041c\u0413\u0421\u0423) is a higher education institution located in Moscow, Russia.The university holds the status of National Research University. The National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (NRU MGSU) is the leading university of the Russian Federation in the field of construction. MGSU trains engineers, specialists and managers of all levels in the field of industrial, civil, energy, construction management, special and unique construction, information systems and technologies, designing and automation of buildings, constructions and complexes. MGSU has modern research laboratory complexes, providing studies in science and technology. The university has experience of international cooperation with scientific and educational centers from 30 countries.", "Q722566": "Zach Blair is the lead guitarist and backing vocalist for Chicago-based rock band Rise Against.\nBefore joining Rise Against in early 2007, Blair was a member of melodic hardcore group Only Crime along with his brother, Doni Blair, who currently plays with the Toadies. The brothers were founding members of the bands Hagfish and Armstrong. Blair was also Flattus Maximus of Gwar from 1999 to 2002. He made a return to Gwar as Splattus Maximus on the 2013 album Battle Maximus. He has also been a second touring guitarist for The Loved Ones and was second guitarist on the instrumental band The Mag Seven's album The Future Is Ours, If You Can Count.\nRise Against's fifth studio album, Appeal to Reason, released on October 7, 2008, was its first with Blair. He also appeared on the band's sixth studio album release, Endgame, which was released on March 15, 2011.\nRise Against's seventh studio album, The Black Market was released on July 15, 2014.\nAs of early 2015, Blair has taken part in playing guitar for the punk band, Drakulas, alongside members of The Riverboat Gamblers.Blair currently resides in Austin, Texas. Blair is straight edge, a vegetarian and an animal rights advocate and actively promotes PETA with the other members of Rise Against.", "Q128576": "Diana Olivia Winifred Maud Cooper, Viscountess Norwich (n\u00e9e Lady Diana Manners; 29 August 1892 \u2013 16 June 1986) was a famously glamorous social figure in London and Paris. As a young woman, she moved in a celebrated group of intellectuals known as the Coterie, most of whom were killed in the First World War. She married one of the few survivors, Duff Cooper, later British Ambassador to France. After his death, she wrote three volumes of memoirs which reveal much about early 20th-century upper-class life.", "Q15619": "El Prat de Llobregat (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0259l \u02c8p\u027ead d\u0259 \u028eu\u03b2\u027e\u0259\u02c8\u0263at]), commonly known as El Prat [\u0259l \u02c8p\u027eat], is a municipality in the comarca of Baix Llobregat in\nCatalonia, Spain. It is situated in the delta of the Llobregat river on the right bank, bordering the coast of the Mediterranean Sea between Barcelona and Viladecans. More than a quarter of the area of the municipality is occupied by Barcelona\u2013El Prat Airport. Apart from the transport links to the airport, the town of El Prat is served by a railway station on the coast line from Barcelona to Valencia. The municipality also has a beach and a small nature reserve at the Llac (Lake) de la Ricarda i del Remolar. El Prat is famous for its blue-legged chickens (known as gall potablava in Catalan). El Prat forms part of the metropolitan area of Barcelona.", "Q138765": "Conjeevaram Natarajan Annadurai (15 September 1909 \u2013 3 February 1969), popularly called Anna (\"Elder brother\") or Arignar Anna (\"Anna, the scholar\"), was an Indian politician who served as 1st Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for 20 days in 1969 and fifth and last Chief Minister of Madras State from 1967 until 1969 when the name of the state of Madras was changed to Tamil Nadu. He was the first member of a Dravidian party to hold either post.\nHe was well known for his oratorical skills and was an acclaimed writer in the Tamil language. He scripted and acted in several plays. Some of his plays were later made into movies. He was the first politician from the Dravidian parties to use Tamil cinema extensively for political propaganda. Born in a middle-class family, he first worked as a school teacher, then moved into the political scene of the Madras Presidency as a journalist. He edited several political journals and enrolled as a member of the Dravidar Kazhagam. As an ardent follower of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, he rose in stature as a prominent member of the party.\nWith differences looming with Periyar, on issues of separate independent state of Dravida Nadu and on inclusion in the Indian Union, he crossed swords with his political mentor. The friction between the two finally erupted when Periyar married Maniammai, who was much younger than him. Angered by this action of Periyar, Annadurai with his supporters parted from Dravidar Kazhagam and launched his own party, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). The DMK initially followed ideologies the same as the mother party, Dravidar Kazhagam. But with the evolution of national politics and the constitution of India after the Sino-Indian war in 1962, Annadurai dropped the claim for an independent Dravida Nadu. Various protests against the ruling Congress government took him to prison on several occasions; the last of which was during the Madras anti-Hindi agitation of 1965. The agitation itself helped Annadurai to gain popular support for his party. His party won a landslide victory in the 1967 state elections. His cabinet was the youngest at that time in India. He legalised Self-Respect marriages, enforced a two language policy (in preference to the three language formula in other southern states), implemented subsidies for rice, and renamed Madras State to Tamil Nadu.\nHowever, he died of cancer just two years into office. His funeral had the highest attendance of any to that date. Several institutions and organisations are named after him. A splinter party launched by M. G. Ramachandran in 1972 was named after him as All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. - Abivarthan", "Q90607": "Paul Kollsman (February 22, 1900 in Germany \u2013 September 26, 1982 in Beverly Hills, California) was a German-American inventor. He invented the first sensitive barometer, a key enabler of instrument flight in airplanes.The United States Patent Office cites him as the inventor on 124 patents.Kollsman studied engineering and science in Stuttgart and Munich. In 1923 he emigrated from Germany to the United States, following his younger brother Ernest Otto Kollsman, who had emigrated earlier.He worked as a truck driver or truck driver's assistant until he found a position at Pioneer Instruments Co. in Brooklyn, New York, where he learned to make various aircraft instruments.He left Pioneer in 1928 and with $500 saved while working, Paul and his brother Otto founded Kollsman Instruments Co. in Brooklyn NY. In 1929 US Army Lt. James H. Doolittle was leading the development of equipment and methods for instrument flying, under the sponsorship of the Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeronautics. He learned of a new altimeter design submitted to the Bureau of Standards by Paul Kollsman, and arranged a meeting.On August 30, 1929, Doolittle and Kollsman took the altimeter on a test flight in a Vought O2U, a two seat biplane, with Kollsman holding the altimeter in his lap. Doolittle said the altimeter \"performed perfectly\", with accuracy an order of magnitude better than other altimeters of the day. Harry Guggenheim stated the accuracy as 10 feet. [GUGG]\nDoolittle had a Kollsman altimeter installed in a Consolidated NY-2 biplane, and on September 24, 1929 flew two instrument flights of 10 to 15 minutes duration at Mitchel Field on Long Island, the first flight in fog, the second using a hood after the fog lifted.A short time later the Kollsman company received an order from the U.S. Navy for 300 altimeters, their first commercial success. Subsequent models were modified to allow the pilot to easily set a local altimeter setting, shown in the \"Kollsman window\". By the mid-1930s Kollsman altimeters dominated the aircraft market.In 1940 the Kollsman Instrument Company was sold to Square D Company of Detroit for over $4,000,000. Paul became a Square D vice president in charge of the Kollsman Instrument division. Otto, who had been the company treasurer and controller, retired after the sale, and died on August 12, 1942.After the merger Paul Kollsman and Square D president F. W. Magin gave $50,000 to the Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences in New York to establish the Paul Kollsman Library. The Institute, an ancestor of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), claimed that this was the most complete private aeronautical library in the United States. They offered to loan books by mail for the price of postage to anyone requesting them. In 1951 Square D sold the Kollsman division to Standard Coil Products Co. of Chicago, a maker of TV tuners, for over $5,000,000. Standard Coil named long time Kollsman general manager Victor Carbonara as vice president of the division, implying that Paul Kollsman left the company after this sale. In 1940 he purchased 800 acres (320 ha) of land outside Manchester, Vermont from International Paper Company, and founded Snow Valley, which formally opened in January 1942, and was one of the earliest ski areas in the United States. Snow Valley operated continuously until 1984, and in 1983 hosted the first U.S. Open Snowboarding Championships \u2014 now held annually at Stratton Vermont. Snow Valley is being redeveloped as a private sporting community.\nIn 1944 Kollsman married Baroness Julie \"Luli\" Dorothea Baronin von Bodenhausen, an actress and author, in New York City; she died in 1951. In 1952 he married his second wife, Eva F. Kollsman, who survived him. Paul Kollsman died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California in 1982.", "Q1717243": "J\u00fcrgen Hart (20 September 1942 - 9 April 2002) was an East German music teacher who became a popular cabaret performer after his song, \"Sing, mei Sachse, sing\", became an overnight hit.", "Q253395": "Izabella Akhatovna Akhmadulina (Russian: \u0411\u0435\u0301\u043b\u043b\u0430 (\u0418\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0301\u043b\u043b\u0430) \u0410\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0301\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430, Tatar: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u04d8\u0445\u04d9\u0442 \u043a\u044b\u0437\u044b \u04d8\u0445\u043c\u04d9\u0434\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430; 10 April 1937 \u2013 29 November 2010) was a Soviet and Russian poet, short story writer, and translator, known for her apolitical writing stance. She was part of the Russian New Wave literary movement. She was cited by Joseph Brodsky as the best living poet in the Russian language. She is known in Russia as \"the voice of the epoch\".\nDespite the aforementioned apolitical stance of her writing, Akhmadulina was often critical of authorities in the Soviet Union, and spoke out in favour of others, including Nobel laureates Boris Pasternak, Andrei Sakharov, and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. She was known to international audiences via her travels abroad during the Khrushchev Thaw, during which she made appearances in sold-out stadiums. Upon her death in 2010 at the age of 73, President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev hailed her poetry as a \"classic of Russian literature.\"The New York Times said Akhmadulina was \"always recognized as one of the Soviet Union's literary treasures and a classic poet in the long line extending from Lermontov and Pushkin.\" Sonia I. Ketchian, writing in The Poetic Craft of Bella Akhmadulina, called her \"one of the great poets of the 20th century. There's Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Mandelstam, and Pasternak \u2013 and she's the fifth\".", "Q25255": "Yonten Gyatso or Yon-tan-rgya-mtsho (1589\u20131617), was a jinong and the 4th Dalai Lama, born in Mongolia on the 30th day of the 12th month of the Earth-Ox year of the Tibetan calendar. (Other sources, however, say he was born in the 1st month of the Earth Ox Year).\nAs the son of the Khan of the Chokur tribe, Tsultrim Choeje, and great-grandson of Altan Khan of the T\u00fcmed Mongols and his second wife PhaKhen Nula, Yonten Gyatso was a Mongolian, making him the only non-Tibetan to be recognized as Dalai Lama other than the 6th Dalai Lama, who was a Monpa\u2014but Monpas can be seen either as a Tibetan subgroup or a closely related people.\nThe Nechung, state oracle of Tibet, and Lamo Tsangpa, another oracle, had both predicted the next reincarnation would be born in Mongolia. About this time, the chief attendant of the Third Dalai Lama, Tsultrim Gyatso, sent a letter informing the authorities in Tibet that the reincarnation had been born and details of some of the wonders accompanying his birth.\n\"He was recognized by a delegation from his Dr\u00eapung monastery and the princes of \u00dc, which had gone to Kweisui (K\u00f6ke Qoto, Inner Mongolia) to meet him 1601.\"Yonten Gyatso left for Tibet in 1599 when he was already ten years old, with his father, Tibetan monks and officials, and a thousand Mongol cavalry. They arrived in 1603 after stopping at all the major monasteries on the route.When he reached Lhasa he was enthroned as the Fourth Dalai Lama and initiated by Sangen Rinchen, the principal holder of Tsonkapa's lineage and ex-abbot of Gaden monastery.He began studies at Drepung Monastery, where he was a student of the Fourth Panchen Lama Lobsang Ch\u00f6kyi Gyaltsen, and in 1614 he received the full ordination of a monk from him.Yonten Gyatso became the abbot of Drepung and, later, Sera monasteries.Many Tibetans did not recognize him and there were several attempts to retake power from him, supported by the Kagyupa order. In 1605 one of the princes supporting the Kagyu invaded Lhasa and drove the Mongol cavalrymen out. When he was twenty-one warriors attacked Drepung monastery and Yonten Gyatso had to flee.\nIn 1616 he made a retreat in the caves above Sangyib Hot Springs, famous for the footprint Padmasambhava left there on the cliff face when he empowered the site in the 8th century CE.He died under suspicious circumstances (some say he was poisoned \u2013 but evidence is lacking) in the 12th month of the Fire Dragon Year (January 1617) at the age of 27. \nHis chief attendant was Sonam Rapten (Sonam Choephel), who later discovered \"the Chong-Gya boy\" to be the Fifth Dalai Lama and who was the regent of the fifth Dalai Lama, the Desi.", "Q89801": "Eugenie Kain (April 1, 1960 \u2013 January 8, 2010) was an Austrian writer.The daughter of Franz and Margit Kain, she was born in Linz. She studied art history and philosophy at the Catholic Private University Linz and German and Theater Studies in Vienna. From 1984 to 1990, she worked for the newspaper Volksstimme. She helped launch the Linz street paper Kupfermuckn in 1996. From 1999 to 2008, she was a contributor to Radio FRO,In 1982, she was awarded the Max-von-der-Gr\u00fcn-Preis f\u00fcr Literatur for her work and then the Buch.Preis in 2003 for her 2001 novel Atemnot. She was awarded the Outstanding Artist Award f\u00fcr Literatur in 2006. In 2007, she received the Kulturpreis des Landes Ober\u00f6sterreich for literature.Kain was married to the musician August Maly, who died in 2002.She was a member of the Communist Party of Austria (KPO) and ran as a KPO candidate for the European Parliament. She also contributed to the leftist newspaper Caf\u00e9 KP\u00d6.Kain died in Linz at the age of 49 from cancer.", "Q146720": "The Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration, or Mandatory Iraq (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u200e al-Intid\u0101b al-Br\u012b\u1e6d\u0101n\u012b \u2018Al\u00e1 al-\u2018Ir\u0101q), was created in 1921, following the 1920 Iraqi Revolt against the proposed British Mandate of Mesopotamia, and enacted via the 1922 Anglo-Iraqi Treaty and a 1924 undertaking by the United Kingdom to the League of Nations to fulfil the role as Mandatory Power.Faisal ibn Husayn, who had been proclaimed King of Syria by a Syrian National Congress in Damascus in March 1920, was ejected by the French in July of the same year. Faisal was then granted by the British the territory of Iraq, to rule it as a kingdom, with the British Royal Air Force (RAF) retaining certain military control, though de facto; the territory remained under British administration until 1932.The civil government of postwar Iraq was headed originally by the High Commissioner, Sir Percy Cox, and his deputy, Colonel Arnold Wilson. British reprisals after the murder of a British officer in Najaf failed to restore order. The most striking problem facing the British was the growing anger of the nationalists, who continued to fight against the imposition of British authority. British administration had yet to be established in Iraqi Kurdistan.\n\n", "Q192217": "Robert Michael Schneider (; born October 31, 1963) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and director. A stand-up comic and veteran of the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live, he went on to a career in feature films, including starring roles in the comedy films Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo, The Hot Chick, The Benchwarmers, and Grown Ups. Schneider is the father of singer Elle King.", "Q263256": "Kirby Grant (November 24, 1911 \u2013 October 30, 1985), born Kirby Grant Hoon Jr., was a long-time B movie and television actor, mostly remembered for having played the title role in the Western-themed adventure television series Sky King. Between 1949 and 1954, Grant starred in 10 mounted-police adventures, usually in the role of Corporal Rod Webb.", "Q73013": "Peter Cr\u00fcger or Peter Kr\u00fcger (20 October 1580 \u2013 6 June 1639) was a mathematician, astronomer, polymath, and teacher of Johannes Hevelius.", "Q982108": "George Petrie (1 January 1790 \u2013 17 January 1866), was an Irish painter, musician, antiquary and archaeologist of the Victorian era.", "Q725786": "Charles Knight (15 March 1791 \u2013 9 March 1873) was an English publisher, editor and author. He published and contributed to works such as The Penny Magazine, The Penny Cyclopaedia, and The English Cyclopaedia, and established the Local Government Chronicle.\n\n", "Q5832139": "En terapia (In Therapy) is an Argentine dramatic TV miniseries and a remake of BeTipul and In Treatment. It was broadcast between 2012 and 2014 on Argentine Public Television. Diego Peretti stars in all seasons as the protagonist, the psychiatrist Guillermo Montes. The tagline for the series was \"El est\u00e1 escuchando\" (He is listening).\nThe main actors in the first season Julieta Cardinali, Germ\u00e1n Palacios, Ail\u00edn Salas, Dolores Fonzi, Leonardo Sbaraglia and Norma Aleandro.\nThe second season, in 2013, added Carla Peterson, Gonzalo Slipak, Roberto Carnaghi and Luisana Lopilato. Aleandro's final appearance in the series was in the last episode of season 2.\nThe third and final season of the show was released in 2014 and again featured Peretti alongside Cecilia Roth, Julieta D\u00edaz, Santiago Magari\u00f1os and Dar\u00edo Grandinetti.", "Q1335573": "Emerson College is a private college in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1880 by Charles Wesley Emerson as a \"school of oratory,\" the college offers more than three dozen degree and professional training programs specializing in the fields of arts and communication with a foundation in liberal arts studies. The college is one of the founding members of the ProArts Consortium, an association of six neighboring institutions in Boston dedicated to arts education at the collegiate level. Located in Boston's Washington Street Theatre District along the southern end of Boston Common, the school also maintains satellite buildings in Los Angeles and the town of Well, The Netherlands.", "Q815260": "Beland Hugh Honderich, (November 25, 1918 \u2013 November 8, 2005) was a Canadian newspaper executive who was the Chairman and Publisher of the Toronto Star and Chairman and President of the Torstar Corporation.\nBorn in Kitchener, Ontario, the son of John Honderich Sr. and Rae Honderich, he was a high school drop-out who worked as a cub reporter for the Kitchener-Waterloo Record before heading to Toronto. He was hired at the Star to replace reporters who went to serve in World War II, as Honderich was rejected by the RCAF due to poor eyesight.\nIn 1955, he was appointed editor-in-chief of the Toronto Star and a director in 1956. In 1966, he was elected president and publisher of Toronto Star Limited. In 1976, he was appointed Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Torstar Corporation. In 1988, he retired as publisher and moved to Vancouver after his third marriage in 2000.\nHe died at St. Paul's Hospital in Vancouver after having a stroke. His final request was for cremation.", "Q233461": "Theuderic I (c. 485 \u2013 533/4) was the Merovingian king of Metz, Rheims, or Austrasia\u2014as it is variously called\u2014from 511 to 533 or 534.\nHe was the son of Clovis I and one of his earlier wives or concubines (possibly a Franco-Rhenish Princess, Evochildis of Cologne). In accordance with Salian tradition, the kingdom was divided between Clovis's four surviving sons: Childebert I in Paris, Chlodomer in Orl\u00e9ans, and Clothar I in Soissons. Theuderic inherited Metz in 511 at his father's death. Early in his reign, he sent his son Theudebert to kill the Scandinavian King Chlochilaich (Hygelac of Beowulf fame) who had invaded his realm.\n\nTheuderic got involved in the war between the Thuringian King Hermanfrid and his brother Baderic. Theuderic was promised half of Thuringia for his help; Baderic was defeated, but the land promised was not given up. In 531, Theuderic invaded Thuringia with the support of Clothar. Hermanfrid was killed in the invasion and his kingdom was annexed.The four sons of Clovis then all fought the Burgundian kings Sigismund and Godomar; Godomar fled and Sigismund was taken prisoner by Chlodomer. Theuderic married Sigismund's daughter Suavegotha. Godomar rallied the Burgundian army and won back his kingdom. Chlodomer, aided by Theuderic, defeated Godomar, but died in the fighting at V\u00e9zeronce.\nTheuderic then, with his brother Clotaire and his son, attacked Thuringia to revenge himself on Hermanfrid. With the assistance of the Saxons under Duke Hadugato, Thuringia was conquered, and Clotaire received Radegund, daughter of King Berthar (Hermanfrid's late brother). After making a treaty with his brother Childebert, Theuderic died in 534. Upon his death the throne of Metz, passed (without hindrance, unexpectedly) to his son Theudebert. Theuderic also left a daughter Theodechild (by his wife Suavegotha, daughter of the defeated Sigismund of Burgundy). Theodechild founded the Abbey of St-Pierre le Vif at Sens.", "Q275434": "Charlotte Salt (born 1985) is an English actress best known for her many characters in British and US television series like Casualty, Bedlam and The Musketeers, also in many movies, including Beneath Still Waters in 2005, Beowulf in 2007, and Blood and Glory in 2016.\n\n", "Q502395": "The Spitzhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies east of Gsteig (Bern) and north of the Sanetsch lake (Valais). It belongs to the massif of the Wildhorn.", "Q348979": "Edward Zane Carroll Judson Sr. (March 20, 1821 \u2013 July 16, 1886), known by his pseudonym Ned Buntline, was an American publisher, journalist, and writer.\n\n", "Q271652": "Ana Rosa Quintana Hortal (Madrid, 12 January 1956) is a Spanish journalist and television presenter.\nShe studied journalism in the Complutense University of Madrid, and started in radio programs (Radio Nacional de Espa\u00f1a, Radio Continental, Radio 80, Antena 3 Radio) before starting in television.\nShe authored a novel in 2000 titled Sabor a hiel (\"A Taste of Bile\"); she was accused of plagiarism and, as a result, the publishing house retired the book from the market.She had a son with her first husband in 1986, and twins with her current husband in 2004.", "Q71604": "Robert Heinrich Wagner, born as Robert Heinrich Backfisch (13 October 1895 \u2013 14 August 1946) was Gauleiter of Baden, and Gauleiter of Alsace and Head of the Civil Government of Alsace during the German occupation of France in World War II.Robert Wagner was born in Lindach in the German Empire. He was the second of five children of Peter Backfisch and Catherine Wagner, a farming family. After attending elementary school, he enrolled in 1910 in a preparatory school in Heidelberg and later in a Teacher Normal School.\nAt the outbreak of the First World War, Wagner abandoned his studies (which he never finished) and volunteered for the Army. He fought from 1914 to 1918 in some of the most notorious battles on the Western Front: Flanders, the Battle of Verdun, the Battle of the Somme, the Battle of Loretto, and the Battle of Champagne. \nAfter the war, Wagner joined in February 1919 the Second Volunteer Baden Battalion, with whom he participated in the suppression of revolutionary unrest in Mannheim and Karlsruhe. In August 1919, he was sworn in as lieutenant of the army in the Infantry Regiment n. 14 in Konstanz. There he took, in 1921, the maiden name of his mother (Wagner). The reasons for the name change from his father's (Backfisch, which means \"teenage girl\" (literally \"fried fish\")) were probably to avoid teasing by his fellow officers.\nIn September 1923, he was at the Central School of Infantry in Munich, then the principal officer training facility in Germany. While in Munich, Wagner met Hitler and Ludendorff and was immediately captivated by them. The meeting came through his friendship with Ludendorff's stepson, Heinz Pernet. Wagner took part in the Beer Hall Putsch on 9 November 1923. On 26 February 1924 he stood trial with Hitler and seven other men for their part in the putsch. Wagner was convicted and sentenced to 18 months in prison, of which he served 11 weeks.\n\nDuring the Nazi regime, Wagner first served as Gauleiter of Baden. On 22 October 1940 he reported to Berlin, \n\nBaden ist als erster Gau judenfrei. \u2014 Baden is the first district to be free of Jews. \nWagner became Gauleiter of Alsace as well, where he earned the moniker the Butcher of Alsace (Schl\u00e4chter vom Elsa\u00df). Wagner was given a free hand to govern like no other Gauleiter. He took part in many trials dictating death sentences. Of the 4,464 Jews sent to the Gurs concentration camp in France, only some 800 survived.At the end of the war, Wagner was arrested by the French, tried, convicted and sentenced to death by the Permanent Military Tribunal in Strasbourg in 1946. The sentence was carried out by firing squad on 14 August 1946.", "Q66378": "Reichenbach im Kandertal is a village and municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Until 1957 it was known as Reichenbach bei Frutigen. Besides the village of Reichenbach, the municipality includes several other settlements, including Aris, Faltsche, Griesalp, Kien, Kiental, Ramslauenen, Reudlen, Scharnachtal, Schwandi and Wengi. Additionally, the village of M\u00fclenen is shared between Reichenbach and Aeschi bei Spiez municipalities.The area played a notable role in world history when the Kienthal Conference was held at Kiental (then known as Kienthal) in 1916.\nThe blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent a Bear Paw issuant from a Mount of 3 Coupeaux Vert.", "Q17581": "Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport (colloquially Mascot Airport, Kingsford Smith Airport, or Sydney Airport; IATA: SYD, ICAO: YSSY; ASX: SYD) is an international airport in Sydney, Australia located 8 km (5 mi) south of the Sydney city centre, in the suburb of Mascot. The airport is owned by the ASX-listed Sydney Airport Group. It is the primary airport serving Sydney, and is a primary hub for Qantas, as well as a secondary hub for Virgin Australia and Jetstar Airways, as well as a focus city for Air New Zealand. Situated next to Botany Bay, the airport has three runways, colloquially known as the east\u2013west, north\u2013south and third runways.\nSydney Airport is one of the world's longest continuously operated commercial airports and the busiest airport in Australia, handling 42.6 million passengers and 348,904 aircraft movements in 2016\u201317. It was the 38th busiest airport in the world in 2016. Currently 46 domestic and 43 international destinations are served to Sydney directly.\nIn 2018, the airport was rated in the top 5 worldwide for airports handling 40\u201350 million passengers annually and was overall voted the 20th best airport in the world at the Skytrax World Airport Awards.The airport's Air Traffic Control Tower is listed on the Commonwealth Heritage List.", "Q365155": "David L\u00e9on Cahun (23 June 1841, Haguenau, Alsace \u2013 30 March 1900, Paris) was a French traveler, Orientalist and writer.", "Q464762": "Joel Thomas Broyhill (November 4, 1919 \u2013 September 24, 2006) was an American politician and a Congressman from Virginia for 11 terms, from 1953 to 1974. He represented Virginia's 10th congressional district, consisting of suburbs of Arlington, Falls Church and sections of Fairfax County and Alexandria, and was known for his opposition to integration in the 1950s and 1960s.", "Q227414": "Zs\u00f3fia B\u00e1n (born September 23, 1957 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a writer, literary historian, essayist and art and literature critic.", "Q231276": "Ang\u00e9lique Kpasseloko Hinto Hounsinou Kandjo Manta Zogbin Kidjo, known as Ang\u00e9lique Kidjo (born July 14, 1960), is a Beninese singer-songwriter, actress, and activist of Nigerian descent who is noted for her diverse musical influences and creative music videos. In 2007, Time magazine called her \"Africa's premier diva\".Her musical influences include the Afropop, Caribbean zouk, Congolese rumba, jazz, gospel, and Latin styles; as well as her childhood idols Bella Bellow, James Brown, Nina Simone, Aretha Franklin, Celia Cruz, Jimi Hendrix, Miriam Makeba and Carlos Santana. She has recorded George Gershwin's \"Summertime\", Ravel's Bol\u00e9ro, Jimi Hendrix's \"Voodoo Child\" and the Rolling Stones' \"Gimme Shelter\", and has collaborated with Dave Matthews and the Dave Matthews Band, Kelly Price, Alicia Keys, Branford Marsalis, Ziggy Marley, Philip Glass, Peter Gabriel, Bono, Carlos Santana, John Legend, Herbie Hancock, Josh Groban, Dr John, the Kronos Quartet, Yemi Alade, Cassandra Wilson and Indonesia's pop star Anggun. Kidjo's hit songs include \"Agolo\", \"We We\", \"Adouma\", \"Wombo Lombo\", \"Afirika\", \"Batonga\", and her version of \"Malaika\". Her album Logozo is ranked number 37 in the Greatest Dance Albums of All Time list compiled by Vice magazine's Thump website.Kidjo is fluent in five languages: Fon, French, Yor\u00f9b\u00e1, Gen (Mina), and English. She sings in all of them, and she also has her own personal language, which includes words that serve as song titles such as \"Batonga\". \"Malaika\" is a song sung in the Swahili language. Kidjo often uses Benin's traditional Zilin vocal technique and vocalese.", "Q68355": "Martin Winterkorn (born 24 May 1947) is a German former business executive who was chairman of the board of management (CEO, Vorstandsvorsitzender in German) of Volkswagen AG, the parent company of the Volkswagen Group, chairman of the supervisory board of Audi, and chairman of the board of management of Porsche Automobil Holding SE.He succeeded Bernd Pischetsrieder as CEO of Volkswagen AG in 2007. Prior to that, he had been the chairman of the board of management of the Volkswagen Group subsidiary Audi AG.Winterkorn resigned from Volkswagen on 23 September 2015, several days after an emissions cheating scandal was revealed that concerned the company's diesel cars. He resigned as chairman of Audi on 11 November 2015, after further information associated with the scandal was revealed in regard to VW's gasoline-powered engines.\nWinterkorn was on the board of supervisors for German football club Bayern M\u00fcnchen from 22 February 2003 until 18 December 2018. Winterkorn was credited for the successful partnership between Audi and Bayern.Winterkorn was criminally indicted over the emissions cheating scandal in the United States on 3 May 2018 on charges of fraud and conspiracy.\nIn April 2019 he was criminally indicted on charges of fraud in Germany.", "Q67066": "Hasle bei Burgdorf is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q142546": "Nathalie Kay \"Tippi\" Hedren (born January 19, 1930) is an American actress, animal rights activist, and former fashion model.\nA successful fashion model who appeared on the front covers of Life and Glamour magazines, among others, Hedren became an actress after she was discovered by director Alfred Hitchcock while appearing on a television commercial in 1961. She received world recognition for her work in two of his films: the suspense-thriller The Birds (1963), for which she won a Golden Globe, and the psychological drama Marnie (1964). She has appeared in over 80 films and television shows, including Charlie Chaplin's final film A Countess from Hong Kong (1967), the political satire Citizen Ruth (1996), and the existential comedy I Heart Huckabees (2004). Among other honors, her contributions to world cinema have been recognized with the Jules Verne Award and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.\nHedren's strong commitment to animal rescue began in 1969 while she was shooting two films in Africa and was introduced to the plight of African lions. In an attempt to raise awareness for wildlife, she spent over a decade bringing Roar (1981) to the screen. She started her own non-profit organization, the Roar Foundation, in 1983; it supports the Shambala Preserve, an 80-acre (32 ha) wildlife habitat which enables her to continue her work in the care and preservation of lions and tigers. Hedren has also set up relief programs worldwide following earthquakes, hurricanes, famine and war. She was also instrumental in the development of Vietnamese-American nail salons.", "Q83492": "Gary Leonard Oldman (born 21 March 1958) is an English actor and filmmaker. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Winston Churchill in Darkest Hour (2017), and has also received three BAFTA Awards, two Critics' Choice Awards, a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award, among other accolades. Known for his versatility and intense acting style, Oldman is regarded as one of the greatest actors of his generation.\nOldman began acting in theatre in 1979, and made his film debut in Remembrance (1982). He continued to lead a stage career, during which he performed at London's Royal Court and was a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, with credits including Cabaret, Romeo and Juliet, Entertaining Mr Sloane, Saved, The Country Wife and Hamlet. Oldman rose to prominence in British film with his portrayals of Sid Vicious in Sid and Nancy (1986), Joe Orton in Prick Up Your Ears (1987) and Rosencrantz in Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (1990), while also garnering attention as a football firm leader in controversial television movie The Firm (1989). Identified with the \"Brit Pack\", he achieved greater renown as a Hell's Kitchen gangster in State of Grace (1990), Lee Harvey Oswald in JFK (1991) and Count Dracula in Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992).\nOldman went on to star as the antagonists of films such as True Romance (1993), The Fifth Element (1997), Air Force One (1997) and The Contender (2000); corrupt DEA agent Norman Stansfield, whom Oldman portrayed in L\u00e9on: The Professional (1994), has been ranked as one of cinema's best villains. He meanwhile played Ludwig van Beethoven in Immortal Beloved (1994). In the 21st century, Oldman's roles include Sirius Black in the Harry Potter series, James Gordon in The Dark Knight Trilogy, George Smiley in Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011), and a human leader in Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014). Films in which he has appeared have grossed over $11 billion.\nOldman has served as executive producer of various screen works including films The Contender, Plunkett & Macleane (1999), and Nil by Mouth (1997), which he wrote and directed. He has also featured in television shows, such as Fallen Angels, Tracey Takes On... and Friends; appeared in music videos for David Bowie, Guns N' Roses and Annie Lennox; and provided the voice of Viktor Reznov in the Call of Duty video game series.", "Q87": "Alexandria ( or ; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u200e al-\u02beIskandariyya; Egyptian Arabic: \u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u200e Eskendereyya; Coptic: \u2ca3\u2c81\u2c95\u2c9f\u03ef Rakod\u012b; Greek: \u0391\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 Alexandria) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic center. With a population of 5,200,000, Alexandria is the largest city on the Mediterranean, the sixth-largest city in the Arab world and the ninth-largest in Africa. The city extends about 40 km (25 mi) at the northern coast of Egypt along the Mediterranean Sea. Alexandria is a popular tourist destination, and also an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez.\nAlexandria was founded in c.\u2009331 BC by Alexander the Great, king of Macedon and leader of the Greek League of Corinth, during his conquest of the Achaemenid Empire. An Egyptian village named Rhacotis existed at the location and grew into the Egyptian quarter of Alexandria. Alexandria grew rapidly to become an important center of Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1,000 years, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (later absorbed into Cairo). Hellenistic Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its Great Library (the largest in the ancient world); and the Necropolis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Alexandria was the intellectual and cultural center of the ancient Mediterranean world for much of the Hellenistic age and late antiquity. It was at one time the largest city in the ancient world before being eventually overtaken by Rome.\nThe city was a major center of early Christianity and was the center of the Patriarchate of Alexandria, which was one of the major centers of Christianity in the Eastern Roman Empire. In the modern world, the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria both lay claim to this ancient heritage.\nFollowing the Arab conquest of Egypt in AD 641, the city was plundered and lost its significance before re-emerging in the modern era. From the late 18th century, Alexandria became a major center of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centers in the world, both because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton.", "Q77275": "Johann Nikolaus G\u00f6tz (July 9, 1721 in Worms \u2013 November 4, 1781 in Winterburg near Bad Kreuznach) was a German poet from Worms.", "Q58296": "In the history of France, the First Republic (French: Premi\u00e8re R\u00e9publique), officially the French Republic (R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise), was founded on 22 September 1792 during the French Revolution. The First Republic lasted until the declaration of the First Empire in 1804 under Napoleon, although the form of the government changed several times. This period was characterized by the fall of the monarchy, the establishment of the National Convention and the Reign of Terror, the Thermidorian Reaction and the founding of the Directory, and, finally, the creation of the Consulate and Napoleon's rise to power.\n\n", "Q31220": "Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen (1621/22 \u2013 17 August 1676) was a German author. He is best known for his 1669 picaresque novel Simplicius Simplicissimus (German: Der abenteuerliche Simplicissimus) and the accompanying Simplician Scriptures series.\n\n", "Q1106673": "Ron Jarzombek is an American guitarist best known for his work with WatchTower, Spastic Ink, and Blotted Science, featuring Alex Webster of Cannibal Corpse. His most recent project is Terrestrial Exiled. He released a brand new song, \"Beyond Life And Cosmic Kinetics\" (B.L.A.C.K.), as an interactive six-track multi-tracking app in November 2012.Jarzombek has guested with a number of artists ranging from fellow guitarists Marty Friedman and Jeff Loomis to death metal outfits Obscura and Odious Mortem as well as Protest The Hero. He has also collaborated with Cynic offshoot Gordian Knot and Lamb of God drummer Chris Adler. He teaches guitar in San Antonio, TX and is a member of local Rush tribute band Exit Stage Left.", "Q2456091": "Immortal Records is an imprint record label, formerly an independent record label/imprint based in Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1994 by Amanda Scheer Demme and Happy Walters, the company had helped launched the careers of such influential acts as Korn, Thirty Seconds to Mars, and Incubus over the years. The label had also released soundtracks, including Judgment Night, Spawn, Blade II, and Masters of Horror.", "Q78620": "Herbert W. Franke (born 14 May 1927 in Vienna) is an Austrian scientist and writer. Die Zeit calls him \"the most prominent German writing Science Fiction author\".\nHe is also one of the important early computer artists (and collectors), creating computer graphics and early digital art since the late 1950s. Franke is also active in the fields of future research as well as speleology.", "Q747103": "J\u00f8rn Inge Tunsberg (born 4 December 1970 in Bergen, Norway) is a death/black metal musician. He lives in Bergen and plays guitar in the black metal band Hades Almighty and the industrial metal band Dominanz.\nTunsberg played in the bands Old Funeral, Amputation and Immortal. He \"got kicked out of the band\" Immortal after the second demo, Northern Upins Death, was recorded in summer 1991. He then formed his own band, Hades, which is now known as Hades Almighty.\nHe was convicted for \u00c5sane church arson on Christmas Eve 1992 along with Varg Vikernes and spent two years in prison. He gave interviews in Satan Rides the Media (a documentary focused on Varg Vikernes and the whole early Norwegian black metal scene) and Metal: A Headbanger's Journey. Tunsberg says in both these documentaries, and also in an interview with Bergensavisen that he regrets nothing. In the 1990s, in Satan Rides the Media, Tunsberg stated that the action was a response to Christian morals and that \"Norway should not be Christian\", the point being \"very symbolic\". When Sam Dunn interviewed Tunsberg for his 2005 documentary Metal: A Headbanger's Journey, he replied that: \"The most important thing that happened was that the church were burnt up. So that's something I stand for, and I stood for it then, I will stand for it now and I will stand for it until I die. [\u2026] It's kind of a statement, to break down Christianity.\" He also worked as metal music reviewer in Bergensavisen tabloid.", "Q114066": "Constantin G\u00f6ttfert (born 1979) is an Austrian writer.", "Q186504": "The Portrait of a Lady is a 1996 film adaptation of Henry James's novel The Portrait of a Lady directed by Jane Campion.\nThe film stars Nicole Kidman, Barbara Hershey, John Malkovich, Mary-Louise Parker, Martin Donovan, Shelley Duvall, Richard E. Grant, Shelley Winters, Viggo Mortensen, Valentina Cervi, Christian Bale, and John Gielgud.", "Q644378": "Brunnadern is a village in the municipality of Neckertal in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.\nBrunnadern was an independent municipality until January 1, 2009, when it merged with Mogelsberg and St. Peterzell to form the municipality of Neckertal.", "Q261327": "Thrombosis (from Ancient Greek \u03b8\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b2\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 thr\u00f3mb\u014dsis \"clotting\u201d) is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel (a vein or an artery) is injured, the body uses platelets (thrombocytes) and fibrin to form a blood clot to prevent blood loss. Even when a blood vessel is not injured, blood clots may form in the body under certain conditions. A clot, or a piece of the clot, that breaks free and begins to travel around the body is known as an embolus.Thrombosis may occur in veins (venous thrombosis) or in arteries (arterial thrombosis). Venous thrombosis leads to congestion of the affected part of the body, while arterial thrombosis (and rarely severe venous thrombosis) affects the blood supply and leads to damage of the tissue supplied by that artery (ischemia and necrosis). A piece of either an arterial or a venous thrombus can break off as an embolus which can travel through the circulation and lodge somewhere else as an embolism. This type of embolism is known as a thromboembolism. Complications can arise when a venous thromboembolism (commonly called a VTE) lodges in the lung as a pulmonary embolism. An arterial embolus may travel further down the affected blood vessel where it can lodge as an embolism.", "Q155984": "Saalfeld (German: Saalfeld/Saale) is a town in Germany, capital of the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district of Thuringia. It is best known internationally as the ancestral seat of the Saxe-Coburg and Gotha branch of the Saxon House of Wettin, which was renamed the House of Windsor during their British reign in 1917.", "Q3148403": "Ikeda Shigeaki (\u6c60\u7530\u6210\u5f6c, 15 August 1867 \u2013 9 October 1950), also known as Seihin Ikeda, was a politician, cabinet minister and businessman in the Empire of Japan, prominent in the early decades of the 20th century. He served as director of Mitsui Bank from 1909-1933, was appointed governor of the Bank of Japan in 1937, and served as Minister of Finance under Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe from 1937 to 1939. In 1941, he was made a member of the Imperial Privy Council; following Japan's defeat in World War II, Ikeda was banned from public political service.\n\n", "Q365633": "Carver Dana Andrews (January 1, 1909 \u2013 December 17, 1992) was an American film actor and a major Hollywood star during the 1940s. He continued acting in less prestigious roles into the 1980s. He is remembered for his roles as a police detective-lieutenant in the film noir Laura (1944) and as war veteran Fred Derry in The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), the latter being the role for which he received the most critical praise.", "Q302870": "Piotr Pazi\u0144ski (born 9 July 1973) is a Polish writer. He has written three books: two on James Joyce and his fiction, and a novel Pensjonat (Boarding House, 2009), which won the Paszport Polityki award as well as the EU Prize for Literature. He works at the Warsaw-based Jewish magazine Midrash.", "Q1025900": "Caiphus Semenya (born 19 August 1939) is a South African composer and musician. He left South Africa for Los Angeles in the 1960s, together with his wife, singer Letta Mbulu. Among the artists with whom he worked are Hugh Masekela, Jonas Gwangwa, Hotep Galeta, Miriam Makeba, Lou Rawls, Nina Simone and Cannonball Adderley. Semenya also arranged the Swahili chant in the intro to Michael Jackson's \"Liberian Girl\" from the 1987 Bad album.", "Q3641668": "Bokang Montjane (born 5 May 1986 in Transvaal) is a South African model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss South Africa 2010, becoming the official representative of her country to the Miss Universe 2011 and Miss World 2011 pageants. She also participated in Miss International 2009 and placed in the Top 16 at Miss Earth 2007, finished as one of the Top 7 finalists and named Miss World Africa at Miss World 2011.\n\n", "Q333475": "Melchor Gast\u00f3n Ferrer (August 25, 1917 \u2013 June 2, 2008) was an American actor, director, producer and the first husband of Audrey Hepburn.", "Q75304": "Alfred Wiener (16 March 1885, Potsdam \u2013 4 February 1964, London) was a German Jew who dedicated much of his life to documenting antisemitism and racism in Germany and Europe, and uncovering crimes of Germany's Nazi government. He is best remembered as the founder and long-time director of the Wiener Library.", "Q2655534": "Mohammad Reza Aref (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u200e, born 19 December 1951) is an Iranian engineer, academic and reformist politician who is currently the parliamentary leader of reformists' Hope fraction in the Iranian Parliament, representing Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr. Aref has also been heading the Reformists' Supreme Council for Policymaking since its establishment in 2015.He was First Vice President from 2001 to 2005 under Mohammad Khatami. He previously served as Minister Information and Communications Technology and head of Management and Planning Organization in Khatami's first cabinet. He is currently a member of Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution and Expediency Discernment Council. He is also an electrical engineer and a professor at University of Tehran and Sharif University of Technology. He was a candidate in the 2013 presidential election but withdrew his candidacy in order to give the reformist camp a better chance to win.\n\n", "Q65117": "Lauwil is a municipality in the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q1711154": "Judith Erola, n\u00e9e Jacobson, (born January 16, 1934) is a former Canadian politician who represented the riding of Nickel Belt in the House of Commons of Canada from 1980 to 1984. She was a member of the Liberal Party.\n\n", "Q470071": "Emmaline Henry (November 1, 1928 \u2013 October 8, 1979) was an American actress best known for playing Amanda Bellows, the wife of Dr. Alfred Bellows, on the hit 1960s situation comedy I Dream of Jeannie.", "Q65771078": "Rocket Punch (Korean: \ub85c\ucf13\ud380\uce58) is a six-member South Korean girl group under Woollim Entertainment. The group consists of members Juri, Yeonhee, Suyun, Yunkyoung, Sohee and Dahyun. The group was announced in July 2019 and debuted on August 7, 2019 with their first extended play Pink Punch.", "Q651013": "Roberto Valturio (1405\u20131475) was an Italian engineer and writer born in Rimini. He was the author of the military treatise De Re militari (1472).\nThe work consists of a preface, with a dedication to Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta; a list of the classical works mentioned and an introduction on the history of warfare. The work was widely known: the French King Louis XI of France, the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus, the Duke of Urbino Federico da Montefeltro and the ruler of Florence Lorenzo de' Medici had a copy of the printed book. In Leonardo da Vinci's list of books Roberto Valturio has been mentioned. This indicates that Leonardo had been in the possession of Roberto's work.", "Q232019": "Erin Brockovich (born Pattee; June 22, 1960) is an American legal clerk, consumer advocate, and environmental activist, who, despite her lack of education in the law, was instrumental in building a case against the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) of California in 1993. Her successful lawsuit was the subject of a 2000 film, Erin Brockovich, which starred Julia Roberts. Since then, Brockovich has become a media personality as well, hosting the TV series Challenge America with Erin Brockovich on ABC and Final Justice on Zone Reality. She is the president of Brockovich Research & Consulting. She also works as a consultant for Girardi & Keese, the New York law firm of Weitz & Luxenberg, which has a focus on personal injury claims for asbestos exposure, and Shine Lawyers in Australia.\n\n", "Q787441": "Tun Dr. Abdul Daim bin Zainuddin (Jawi: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u200e; born 29 April 1938 in Alor Setar, Kedah) is a Malaysian politician, businessman and former Finance Minister of Malaysia from 1984 to 1991.", "Q534141": "Johnette Napolitano (born September 22, 1957, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California) is an American singer, songwriter and bassist best known as the lead vocalist/songwriter and bassist for the alternative rock group Concrete Blonde.", "Q156255": "Scooter is a German happy hardcore, rave and techno music band founded in Hamburg in 1993. To date, the band has sold over 30 million records and earned over 80 Gold and Platinum awards. Scooter is considered the most commercially successful German single-record act with 23 top ten hits. The band is fronted by lead vocalist H.P. Baxxter, German DJ/musician Michael Simon and musician/producer Sebastian Schilde.\nAmong their more well-known hits are \"Hyper Hyper\", \"Move Your Ass!\", \"Fire\", \"How Much Is the Fish?\", \"Ramp! (The Logical Song)\", \"Nessaja\", \"Weekend!\", \"Maria (I Like It Loud)\", \"One (Always Hardcore)\" and \"The Question Is What Is the Question?\".", "Q159166": "Vidya Balan (pronounced [\u028b\u026ad\u032aja\u02d0 ba\u02d0l\u0259n]; born 1 January 1979) is an Indian actress. Known for pioneering a change in the portrayal of women in Hindi cinema with her roles in female-led films, she is the recipient of several awards, including a National Film Award and six Filmfare Awards. She was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2014.\nVidya aspired to a career in film from a young age and had her first acting role in the 1995 sitcom Hum Paanch. She pursued a master's degree in sociology from the University of Mumbai and simultaneously made several unsuccessful attempts to start a career in film. She subsequently featured in television commercials and music videos. In 2003 she made her feature film debut by starring in the independent Bengali drama Bhalo Theko. Vidya subsequently received praise for her first Hindi film, the drama Parineeta, and followed it with a leading role in the top-grossing comedy film Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006).\nThis breakthrough was followed by roles in the romantic comedies Heyy Babyy (2007) and Kismat Konnection (2008) which had negative reviews. Vidya went on to establish herself by playing five consecutive roles to critical acclaim in the 2009 drama Paa, the 2010 black comedy Ishqiya, the 2011 semi-biographical thriller No One Killed Jessica, the 2011 biopic The Dirty Picture, and the 2012 thriller Kahaani, winning several awards for each of them. She followed this with a series of films that performed poorly at the box office, although her performance in Kahaani 2: Durga Rani Singh (2016) was praised. This changed when she starred as a radio jockey in Tumhari Sulu (2017) and a scientist in Mission Mangal (2019). The latter ranks as her highest-grossing release.\nVidya also promotes humanitarian causes and supports the empowerment of women. She is a member of the Indian Central Board of Film Certification and hosts a radio show. She initially drew criticism for her fluctuating weight and dress sense, but was later credited in the media for her unconventionality. Vidya is married to the film producer Siddharth Roy Kapur.", "Q141729": "Daniel Hope (born 17 August 1973, Durban, South Africa) is a British-Irish classical violinist.\n\n", "Q5450453": "The Varsinais-Suomi constituency (Finnish: Varsinais-Suomen vaalipiiri, Swedish: Egentliga Finlands valkrets) is a Finnish constituency. It covers the administrative region of Southwest Finland, with a population of 450,968 (as of 2002). Varsinais-Suomi elects 17 members to the Parliament of Finland.\nThe constituency's profile is urban, centred on the cities of Turku and Salo. The largest party in elections since 1999 has been the National Coalition Party.", "Q15132619": "The Soviet occupation of Manchuria took place after the Red Army invaded the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo in August 1945 and would continue until the last of the Soviet forces left in May 1946.", "Q330168": "Suhas V. Patankar (born 22 February 1941) is an Indian mechanical engineer. He is a pioneer in the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Finite volume method. He is currently a Professor Emeritus at the University of Minnesota. He is also president of Innovative Research, Inc. Patankar was born in Pune, Maharashtra, India.", "Q272429": "Magdalena Mielcarz (born 3 March 1978) is a Polish actress, model and singer also known as Lvma Black.", "Q350844": "Christian Marie Marc Lacroix (French pronunciation: \u200b[k\u0281istj\u0251\u0303 lak\u0281wa]; born 16 May 1951) is a French fashion designer. The name may also refer to the company he founded.", "Q1325012": "Alain-Philippe Malagnac (1949\u20132000) was the adopted son of French writer Roger Peyrefitte, their relationship being a subject of several of the latter's works. Malagnac was also an art collector and the husband of singer Amanda Lear.\nScion of a French aristocratic family, 12-year-old Alain-Philippe had a minor role in the film Les Amiti\u00e9s particuli\u00e8res (English title: This Special Friendship), released in 1964, based on the award-winning autobiographical novel by Roger Peyrefitte. Malagnac met Peyrefitte, from when they started a long association professionally and personally. This formed the background to Peyrefitte's novel, Notre Amour (\u00c9d. Flammarion, 1967) and to L'Enfant de c\u0153ur, (an allusion to Malagnac's role as a choirboy (Enfant de Choeur) in the film).\nAt the age of sixteen Malagnac became Peyrefitte's personal secretary, and as a young man Malagnac was eventually adopted by Peyrefitte.As an adult Malagnac's career (often financed by Peyrefitte) included proprietorship of Le Bronx, one of the first openly gay night clubs in Paris, and briefly managing French singer Sylvie Vartan, a disastrous undertaking which almost bankrupted Peyrefitte, who was forced to sell artworks and erotic antiquities to pay the resulting debts.\nIn 1978 Malagnac met Amanda Lear in Paris, and in April 1979, while on a trip to the United States, they married. Their marriage lasted twenty one years, until his death.\nOn Saturday, December 16, 2000, Malagnac was killed by smoke in a fire at his recently-bought farm house in Saint-\u00c9tienne-du-Gr\u00e8s. He died just six weeks after Peyrefitte.", "Q24639": "Vancouver ( (listen)) is a seaport city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, up from 603,502 in 2011. The Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada, with over 5,400 people per square kilometre, which makes it the fifth-most densely populated city with over 250,000 residents in North America, behind New York City, Guadalajara, San Francisco, and Mexico City. Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada: 52% of its residents are not native English speakers, 48.9% are native speakers of neither English nor French, and 50.6% of residents belong to visible minority groups.Vancouver is consistently named as one of the top five worldwide cities for livability and quality of life, and the Economist Intelligence Unit acknowledged it as the first city ranked among the top ten of the world's most well-living cities for ten consecutive years. In 2011, the city planned to become the greenest city in the world by 2020. Vancouverism is the city's urban planning design philosophy.\nVancouver has hosted many international conferences and events, including the 1954 Commonwealth Games, UN Habitat I, Expo 86, APEC Canada 1997, the World Police and Fire Games in 1989 and 2009; several matches of 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup including the finals at BC Place in Downtown Vancouver, and the 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics which were held in Vancouver and Whistler, a resort community 125 km (78 mi) north of the city. In 1969, Greenpeace was founded in Vancouver. The city became the permanent home to TED conferences in 2014.\nVancouver was originally named Gastown and began as a settlement which grew around the site of a makeshift tavern on the western edges of Hastings Mill built on July 1, 1867, and owned by proprietor Gassy Jack. The original site is marked by the Gastown steam clock. Gastown then formally registered as a townsite dubbed Granville, Burrard Inlet. The city was renamed \"Vancouver\" in 1886, through a deal with the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR). The Canadian Pacific transcontinental railway was extended to the city by 1887. The city's large natural seaport on the Pacific Ocean became a vital link in the trade between Asia-Pacific, East Asia, Europe, and Eastern Canada.As of 2016, Port Metro Vancouver is the fourth-largest port by tonnage in the Americas, the busiest and largest in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making tourism its second-largest industry. Major film production studios in Vancouver and nearby Burnaby have turned Greater Vancouver and nearby areas into one of the largest film production centres in North America, earning it the nickname \"Hollywood North\".", "Q712880": "John William \"Long John\" Baldry (12 January 1941 \u2013 21 July 2005) was an English-Canadian blues singer and voice actor. In the 1960s, he was one of the first British vocalists to sing the blues in clubs and shared the stage with many British musicians including the Rolling Stones and the Beatles. Before achieving stardom, Rod Stewart and Elton John were members of bands led by Baldry. He enjoyed pop success in 1967 when Let the Heartaches Begin reached No. 1 in the UK, and in Australia where his duet with Kathi McDonald You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin' reached No. 2 in 1980.\nBaldry lived in Canada from the late 1970s until his death. He continued to make records there, and do voiceover work. Two of his best-known voice roles were as Dr. Robotnik in Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, and as KOMPLEX in Bucky O'Hare and the Toad Wars.", "Q23156": "Devon (, Cornish: Dewnens), also known as Devonshire, is a county of England, reaching from the Bristol Channel in the north to the English Channel in the south. It is part of South West England, bounded by Cornwall to the west, Somerset to the north east, and Dorset to the east. The city of Exeter is the county town. The county includes the districts of East Devon, Mid Devon, North Devon, South Hams, Teignbridge, Torridge, and West Devon. Plymouth and Torbay are each geographically part of Devon, but are administered as unitary authorities. Combined as a ceremonial county, Devon's area is 6,707 km2 (2,590 square miles) and its population is about 1.1 million.\nDevon derives its name from Dumnonia. During the British Iron Age, Roman Britain, and the early Middle Ages, this was the homeland of the Dumnonii Brittonic Celts. (The shift from \"M\" to \"V\" is a typical Celtic consonant shift.) The Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain resulted in the partial assimilation of Dumnonia into the Kingdom of Wessex during the eighth and ninth centuries. The western boundary with Cornwall was set at the River Tamar by King \u00c6thelstan in 936. Devon was later constituted as a shire of the Kingdom of England.\nThe north and south coasts of Devon each have both cliffs and sandy shores, and the county's bays contain seaside resorts, fishing towns, and ports. The inland terrain is rural and generally hilly, and has a lower population density than many other parts of England. Dartmoor is the largest open space in southern England, at 954 km2 (368 square miles); its moorland extends across a large expanse of granite bedrock. To the north of Dartmoor are the Culm Measures and Exmoor. In the valleys and lowlands of south and east Devon the soil is more fertile, drained by rivers including the Exe, the Culm, the Teign, the Dart, and the Otter.\nAs well as agriculture, much of the economy of Devon is based on tourism. The comparatively mild climate, coastline and landscape make Devon a destination for recreation and leisure in England, with visitors particularly attracted to the Dartmoor and Exmoor national parks; its coasts, including the resort towns along the south coast known collectively as the English Riviera; the Jurassic Coast, and North Devon's UNESCO Biosphere Reserve; and the countryside including the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape.", "Q467519": "Randy Bruce Traywick (born May 4, 1959), known professionally as Randy Travis, is an American country music and gospel music singer, songwriter, guitarist, and actor.Active since 1978, he has recorded 20 studio albums and charted more than 50 singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including sixteen that reached the No. 1 position. Considered a pivotal figure in the history of country music, Travis broke through in the mid-1980s with the release of his album Storms of Life, which sold more than four million copies. The album established him as a major force in the neotraditional country movement. Travis followed up his successful debut with a string of platinum and multi-platinum albums. He is known for his distinctive baritone vocals, delivered in a traditional style that has made him a country music star since the 1980s.\nBy the mid-1990s, Travis saw a decline in his chart success. In 1997, he left Warner Bros. Records for DreamWorks Records and then for Word Records, where he began recording more Christian material. Although the career shift produced only one more number-one country hit \"Three Wooden Crosses\", Travis went on to earn several Dove Awards, including Country Album of the Year five times. In addition to his singing career, he pursued an acting career, appearing in numerous films and television series, including The Rainmaker (1997) with Matt Damon, Black Dog (1998) with Patrick Swayze, Texas Rangers (2001) with James Van Der Beek, and seven episodes of the Touched by an Angel television series.\nTravis has sold over 25 million records and has won seven Grammy Awards, six CMA Awards, eleven ACM Awards, 10 AMA Awards, eight Dove Awards, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2016, Travis was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame.", "Q574571": "The University of Regensburg (German: Universit\u00e4t Regensburg) is a public research university located in the medieval city of Regensburg, Bavaria, a city that is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university was founded on July 18, 1962 by the Landtag of Bavaria as the fourth full-fledged university in Bavaria. Following groundbreaking in 1965, the university officially opened to students during the 1967\u20131968 winter semester, initially housing faculties in Law and Business Sciences and Philosophy. During the summer semester of 1968 the faculty of Theology was created. Currently, the University of Regensburg houses eleven faculties.\nThe university actively participates in the European Union's SOCRATES programme as well as several TEMPUS programmes. Its most famous academic, the previous Pope Benedict XVI, served as a professor there until 1977 and formally retains his chair in theology.", "Q275346": "Rachida Brakni (born 15 February 1977) is a French actress. She is married to actor and former professional footballer \u00c9ric Cantona.", "Q150630": "Camillo Golgi (Italian: [ka\u02c8millo \u02c8\u0261\u0254ld\u0292i]; 7 July 1843 \u2013 21 January 1926) was an Italian biologist and pathologist known for his works on the central nervous system. He studied medicine at the University of Pavia (where he later spent most of his professional career) between 1860 and 1868 under the tutelage of Cesare Lombroso. Inspired by pathologist Giulio Bizzozero, he pursued research in the nervous system. His discovery of a staining technique called black reaction (sometimes called Golgi's method or Golgi's staining in his honour) in 1873 was a major breakthrough in neuroscience. Several structures and phenomena in anatomy and physiology are named for him, including the Golgi apparatus, the Golgi tendon organ and the Golgi tendon reflex. Golgi and the Spanish biologist Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal were jointly given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906 \"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system\".", "Q233313": "Shawnee Rebecca Smith (born July 3, 1969) is an American actor and singer. She is known for her portrayal of Amanda Young in the Saw franchise and for starring as Linda in the CBS sitcom Becker (1998\u20132004). She co-starred as Jennifer Goodson, the ex-wife of Charlie Goodson (Charlie Sheen), on the FX sitcom Anger Management (2012\u20132014).\nIn addition to acting, Smith once fronted the rock band Fydolla Ho, with which she toured globally. Later, with actor Missi Pyle, she served as half of Smith & Pyle, a country rock band.", "Q116665": "John Abner Mead (April 20, 1841 \u2013 January 12, 1920) was a Vermont physician, businessman and politician who served as 46th Lieutenant Governor of Vermont from 1908 to 1910, and the 53rd Governor of Vermont, from 1910 to 1912.", "Q35734": "William Anderson Coffin (1855\u20131925) was an American landscape and figure painter. He also was an art critic, working for the New York Post and Harper's Weekly. In 1917 he would be awarded the French Legion of Honor.", "Q214974": "Klaus-Dietrich Flade (born August 23, 1952) is a German pilot and former German Aerospace Center astronaut who visited the Mir space station in 1992 aboard the Soyuz TM-14 mission, returning to Earth a week later aboard Soyuz TM-13.", "Q274058": "Anne Holm, born Else Anne J\u00f8rgensen (10 September 1922 \u2013 27 December 1998) was a Danish journalist and children's writer. At times she also wrote under the pseudonym Adrien de Chandelle. \nHer books are typically recommended to age groups 5\u201319 years, but they include elements even for adult readers. Her best-known book is I Am David (1963), adapted for a 2003 film; (also published as North to Freedom), which tells the story of a 12-year-old boy who escapes from a concentration camp and travels through Europe. It won the ALA Notable Book award in 1965, the 1963 Best Scandinavian Children's Book award and the Boys Club of America Junior Book Award Gold Medal.\nAnother well known book by Holm is Peter (1966), which tells the story of a teenage boy who travels in time to ancient Greece and medieval England.\nShe married Johan C Holm in 1949.", "Q4977994": "Bruce McLean (born 1944) is a Scottish sculptor, performance artist and painter.\nMcLean was born in Glasgow and studied at Glasgow School of Art from 1961 to 1963, and at Saint Martin's School of Art, London, from 1963 to 1966. At Saint Martin's, McLean studied with Anthony Caro and Phillip King.\nIn reaction to what he regarded as the academicism of his teachers he began making sculpture from rubbish.McLean has produced paintings, ceramics, prints, work with film, theatre and books. McLean was Head of Graduate Painting at The Slade School of Fine Art London \nHe has had one man exhibitions including Tate Gallery in London, The Modern Art Gallery in Vienna and Museum of Modern Art, Oxford.In 1985, he won the John Moores Painting Prize.Mclean lives and works in London. His son is the architect Will McLean.", "Q1093318": "Celeste Rizvana Buckingham (born May 3, 1995) is a Slovak singer and songwriter of Swiss-American origins. The former finalist of \u010cesko Slovensk\u00e1 SuperStar (2011), Buckingham gained early recognition on the second season of the Czech and Slovak reality television series SuperStar, co-produced for audiences of the two nations. Even though eliminated from the talent contest, having placed tenth, she promptly established herself as a self-supporting artist. Her first singles, \"Blue Guitar\" and \"Nobody Knows\", each found a top-ten response on the component airplay chart in her home country, and so did her first collaboration with Majk Spirit on \"Ja a ty\", recorded for the rapper's studio album Nov\u00fd \u010dlovek. Nevertheless, her mainstream record followed the eventual release of her full-length debut entitled Don't Look Back (2012).Issued to favorable reviews on EMI Czech Republic, the set experienced a moderate success commercially, peaking at number thirty-seven on the Top 50 Prodejn\u00ed. Unlike its lead single, \"Run Run Run\", which climbed up the national charts in both fellow territories to number two, overall being ranked as the most played song for any Slovak performer in the respective year, or rather second in the Czech neighborhood. The composition also earned a number of nominations, most notably at the 19th MTV Europe Music Awards, making Buckingham the only female nominee within her own category, with four nominations in total at the local Sl\u00e1vik Awards. Some of those however acknowledged her general achievements in the music industry, such as the category New Artist of the Year, her winning at the ceremony.Her subsequent outputs garnered attention within their format. Among them were a track recorded for AMO group, \"Swing\", and a solo single called \"Never Be You\". Her most recent release, \"I Was Wrong\", serves as her second duet with Spirit. In addition to performing arts, Buckingham is also an occasional host and model, and is a co-author of children's literature with one published work, The Lost Princess (2007), written with her sister Carmel, issued by Divis-Slovakia. On stage, one of the singer's most characteristic features is her barefoot performances, influenced by Joss Stone.\n\n", "Q363256": "Adolf L\u00e1ng (born Adolf Lang; 15 June 1848 \u2013 2 May 1913), was a Hungarian-German architect, one of the main representatives of the historicist style during the late 1900s.\n\n", "Q175498": "Nils Gaup (born 12 April 1955) is a S\u00e1mi film director from Norway.\n\n", "Q78634": "Felix Adolf Schmal (18 September 1872 \u2013 28 August 1919) was an Austrian fencer and racing cyclist. He was born in Dortmund and died in Salzburg. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens.", "Q268471": "Amanda Jeannette Detmer (born September 27, 1971) is an American actress. She has made her big screen debut playing Miss Minneapolis in 1999 comedy film Drop Dead Gorgeous, and later had a supporting role in Final Destination. \nIn early 2000s, Detmer had starring roles in comedy films Boys and Girls (2000), Saving Silverman (2001), The Majestic (2001), and Kiss the Bride (2002). Later, she has had starring roles in short-lived television series include A.U.S.A. (2003), and What About Brian (2006\u201307).", "Q625786": "Hwang Byungki (31 May 1936, in Seoul \u2013 31 January 2018) was the foremost South Korean player of the gayageum, a 12-string zither with silk strings. He was also a composer and an authority on sanjo, a form of traditional Korean instrumental music.In 1951 he began playing the gayageum at The National Center for Korean Traditional Performing Arts in Seoul, where he studied under the renowned gayageum masters Kim Yeong-yun (\uae40\uc601\uc724), Kim Yun-deok (\uae40\uc724\ub355), and Shim Sang-geon (\uc2ec\uc0c1\uac74). In 1959 he graduated from Seoul National University School of Law.In 1962 he began composing concert and film music using traditional Korean instruments. He presented the premiere performance of Alan Hovhaness's Symphony no. 16 in South Korea in 1963. In 1964 he traveled around the world to Europe, the United States, Japan, and Southeast Asian countries, giving gayageum performances in each place.\nIn 1985 he served as visiting professor of Korean Music at Harvard University.\nIn 1990 he led a group of musicians from the South Korea at the Pan-Korean Unification Concert in Pyongyang, North Korea.After producing his fifth gayageum album in 2007, Hwang continued to compose innovative Korean music. Ranging in style from the evocation of traditional genres to avant-garde experimentation, a selection of these pieces is available on a series of five albums. He was an emeritus professor of Korean music at Ewha Womans University. Hwang also taught a course entitled \u2033Introduction to Korean Traditional Music\u2033 at Yonsei University in Seoul.\nHwang served on the government's Cultural Properties Preservation Committee, and in 2000 was appointed to the National Academy of Arts.", "Q277551": "Panic! at the Disco is an American pop rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2004 by childhood friends Brendon Urie, Ryan Ross, Spencer Smith and Brent Wilson. Since 2015, singer Urie has been the only official member of the band, with drummer Dan Pawlovich, bassist Nicole Row, and guitarist Mike Naran accompanying him on tour. Panic! at the Disco recorded their first demos while they were in high school. Shortly after, the band recorded and released their debut studio album, A Fever You Can't Sweat Out (2005). Popularized by the second single, \"I Write Sins Not Tragedies\", the album was certified triple platinum in the US. In 2006, founding bassist Brent Wilson was fired from the band during an extensive world tour and subsequently replaced by Jon Walker.\nThe band's second album, Pretty. Odd. (2008), was influenced by 1960s rock bands the Beatles, the Zombies, and the Beach Boys, and was preceded by the single \"Nine in the Afternoon\". That album marked a significant departure from the sound of the band's debut. Ross and Walker, who favored the band's new direction, departed because Urie and Smith wanted to make further changes to the band's style. Ross and Walker subsequently formed a new band, the Young Veins, leaving Urie and Smith as the sole remaining members of Panic! at the Disco.\nContinuing as a duo, Urie and Smith released a new single, \"New Perspective\", for the movie Jennifer's Body, and recruited bassist Dallon Weekes and guitarist Ian Crawford as touring musicians for live performances. Weekes was later inducted into the band's lineup as a full-time member in 2010. The band's third studio album, Vices & Virtues (2011), was recorded solely by Urie and Smith in 2010, produced by John Feldmann and Butch Walker. Crawford departed once the tour cycle for Vices & Virtues ended in 2012.\nAs a three-piece, Urie, Smith, and Weekes recorded and released the band's fourth studio album, Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!, in 2013. Prior to the release of the album, Smith unofficially left the band due to health and drug-related issues, leaving Urie and Weekes as the remaining members. The duo recruited guitarist Kenneth Harris and drummer Dan Pawlovich as touring musicians for live performances.\nIn 2015, Smith officially left the band after not performing live with the band since his departure in 2013. Shortly thereafter, Weekes reverted to being a touring member once again, leaving Urie as the only member of the official lineup. In April 2015, \"Hallelujah\" was released as the first single from Panic! at the Disco's fifth studio album, Death of a Bachelor (2016).\nIn December 2017, Weekes officially announced his departure from the band. He was replaced in March 2018 by Nicole Row. Later that same month, the band released \"Say Amen (Saturday Night)\", the lead single from their sixth studio album, Pray for the Wicked (2018), which was released in June. In September 2018, Harris was dismissed following multiple allegations of sexual misconduct, and was replaced in October by Mike Naran.", "Q2336258": "\u00c5ke Henrik Gartz (9 June 1888 in Helsinki \u2013 29 March 1974 in Karis) was a Finnish politician. Gartz served as Minister of Trade and Industry in the J. K. Paasikivi II and III Cabinet from 1944 to 1946, and later at the Kekkonen I and II Cabinet as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1950 to 1951.Gartz was a Independent politician and did not represent any party, but was counted close to the Swedish People's Party.Gartz graduated as a Bachelor of Philosophy in 1909 and a Bachelor of Law in 1914. He received the honorary title in 1917.As Minister Gartz came from industry and employers' organizations; He was Deputy Director of A. Ahlstr\u00f6m since 1931 and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Finnish Association of Employers..After his ministry, Gartz served as Envoy of Finland in Bern 1951\u20131953 and in Bucharest and Moscow from 1953 to 1955 (1954\u20131955 as Ambassador).\u00c5ke Gartz received the honorary title of Vuorineuvos in 1940.", "Q434627": "Laura Howard (born as Laura Simmons in Chiswick, London, 1977) is an English actress. She is probably best known for her role as Cully Barnaby in the long-running British crime-mystery Police procedural Midsomer Murders.", "Q955644": "Francis Trevelyan Buckland (17 December 1826 \u2013 19 December 1880), better known as Frank Buckland, was an English surgeon, zoologist, popular author and natural historian. He was born in a reputed family of naturalists. After a brief career in medicine he took an interest in fishes and other matters. He was one of the key members and founders of the acclimatisation society in Britain, an organization that supported the introduction of new plants and animals as food sources which was influenced by his interest in eating and tasting a range of exotic animal meats.", "Q579055": "Alexander Baillie (born 6 January 1956) is an English cellist, recognised internationally as one of the finest of his generation. He is currently professor of cello at the Bremen Hochschule and at Birmingham Conservatoire, as well as at various summer schools in the UK and Europe. He is one of the main cello professors at the Cadenza Summer School, and also runs an annual cello summer course in Bryanston.", "Q3421124": "Raymond Rock (October 1, 1922 \u2013 January 22, 2016) was a Canadian politician and a businessman. He was elected Member of Parliament for the Liberal Party representing the riding of Jacques-Cartier\u2014Lasalle in the 1962 federal election and later represented the riding of Lachine. Rock physically crossed the floor in 1972 to join the Progressive Conservatives and was subsequently defeated in the 1972 election. Raymond Rock crossed the floor because he had received a communique from the Liberal Party that no anglophones in Quebec should be employed by the Federal Government, no matter how bilingual. He also sat on various standing committees. Rock was a member of the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve in which he served on HMCS Portage between 1942 and 1945. A businessman and owner of a hardware store, he also served as alderman in Lachine, Quebec (1951\u201355 and 1957\u201363) as well as President of the Lachine Chamber of Commerce. He died in January 2016 at the age of 93.Rock's parents, John Rock and Helena Pietzik were both of Polish descent. With his wife, Theresa Kudla, he had two children, Allan Eric Rock (1952\u20132010) and Kenneth Lester Rock (1956\u20132009).", "Q71176": "Prince Albert Joseph Maria Franz-Xaver of Saxony, Duke of Saxony, Margrave of Meissen (30 November 1934 \u2013 6 October 2012) was the head of the Royal House of Saxony and a German historian. The fourth child and youngest son of Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen and his wife Princess Elisabeth Helene of Thurn and Taxis, he was the younger brother of Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen, who was his predecessor as head of the Royal House of Saxony.", "Q85791": "Peter Schulz (25 April 1930 \u2013 17 May 2013) was a German politician, member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and First Mayor of Hamburg (1971 \u2013 1974).\nSchulz was born in Rostock. He studied law at the University of Hamburg and after his graduation in 1958 Schulz founded his own office.", "Q294812": "Matthew James Morrison (born October 30, 1978) is an American actor, dancer, and singer-songwriter. Morrison is known for starring in multiple Broadway and Off-Broadway productions, including his portrayal of Link Larkin in Hairspray on Broadway, and for his role as Will Schuester on the Fox television show Glee (2009\u20132015). Morrison is signed with Adam Levine's 222 Records and received a Tony Award nomination for his featured role as Fabrizio Nacarelli in the musical The Light in the Piazza. From March 2015 to January 2016, Morrison starred in the lead role of J.M. Barrie in the Broadway production of Finding Neverland.", "Q3379100": "Sir Philip Beverley Watts (born 25 June 1945) is a former chairman of the multinational energy company Shell and a priest in the Church of England.", "Q112365": "Live Free or Die is a 2006 American comedy film starring Aaron Stanford, Paul Schneider, Zooey Deschanel, Michael Rapaport, Judah Friedlander, Kevin Dunn, and Ebon Moss-Bachrach. It was written and directed by former Seinfeld writers Gregg Kavet and Andy Robin.\n\n", "Q848167": "Base Ball Bear is a Japanese rock band from Tokyo that made its major debut in 2006 with EMI Music Japan. Although assembled in autumn 2001, the band formally began in 2002, and started off with self-produced releases.\nTheir style influences include Japanese indie rock bands Number Girl and Supercar, and British rock bands such as Oasis. They have been noted for the \"nostalgic\" feel of band leader Y\u016bsuke Koide's lyrics, often about teenage life and memories. Base Ball Bear are also known for their contributions to the soundtrack of the movie Linda Linda Linda (in which bassist Shiori Sekine had a leading role) and performing the themes to the anime series Toshokan Sens\u014d, \u014ckiku Furikabutte and Gintama.\nThe band, initially named Planet, was formed for a one-time performance at a high school culture festival, but decided to continue due to how well-received they were and the fun they had at the festival. The name Planet had likely come from the Supercar song of the same name, and the band's current name also derives partially from a song name. Koide had thought of Japanese singer Chocolat's song \"Base Ball and Elvis Presley\" and suggested the name \"Base Ball\". Guitarist Shohei Yuasa thought it would be better if one more word was added to it, and the rest of the band agreed, eventually settling on the word \"bear\".\nIn 2016, the band announced the departure of Shohei Yuasa and that they would continue with 3 members.\n\n", "Q250850": "Antonija \u0160ola (born 5 June 1979) is a Croatian singer-songwriter and actress.", "Q2822399": "The French Academy of Technologies (Acad\u00e9mie des technologies) is a learned society, founded in 2000, with an emphasis on technology, and the newest of French academies. In 2007 it acquired the status of \u00e9tablissement public, which enforces its public role. \nIts stated missions are as follows:\n\nHelp to better exploit technologies in service of mankind\nProvide clarity on emerging technologies\nContribute to public discussion of the risks and benefits of technologies\nContribute to professional and technological education\nInterest the young and their parents in technologies and new careers\nRaise public interest and comprehension in technologiesIn 2006 the Academy had approximately 200 active members plus emeritus and foreign members. It is organized into a number of commissions, committees, and work groups on subjects including ethics, energy and the environment, transport, simulation, defense, etc.", "Q529104": "Genevi\u00e8ve Elverum (n\u00e9e Gosselin; 9 April 1981 \u2013 9 July 2016), also known as Genevi\u00e8ve Castr\u00e9e, was a Canadian cartoonist, illustrator, and musician from Quebec. She once recorded under the name Woelv and later switched to \u00d4 PAON.", "Q228733": "Lea Michele Sarfati (born August 29, 1986) is an American actress, singer and author. She began her career as a child actress on Broadway, appearing in productions of Les Mis\u00e9rables (1995\u20131996), Ragtime (1997\u20131999), Fiddler on the Roof (2004\u20132005), and Spring Awakening (2006\u20132008). Michele came to major prominence playing Rachel Berry on the Fox series Glee (2009\u20132015), for which she received an Emmy Award nomination and two Golden Globe nominations. She earned three Grammy Award nominations for music she recorded for Glee, also spawning multiple hits on the Billboard charts. She subsequently starred as Hester Ulrich on the Fox series Scream Queens (2015\u20132016) and as Valentina Barella on the ABC sitcom The Mayor (2017).\nMichele made her feature film debut in New Year's Eve (2011), and was signed to Columbia Records in 2012. She released her debut single the following year, \"Cannonball\", followed by her debut studio album, Louder (2014), which debuted at number 4 on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States. Three years later, she released her second studio album, Places (2017), which debuted at number 28 on the Billboard 200. On October 25, 2019, she released Christmas in the City, her third studio album. Michele has also published two books, Brunette Ambition (2014) and You First: Journal Your Way to Your Best Life (2015).", "Q526237": "Sara Lov is an American singer and songwriter.\nLov was born in Hawaii in 1970 and later was raised by her mother in Los Angeles after the divorce of her parents. At the age of four she was kidnapped by her father, who was in the midst of a custody battle, and she was taken to Israel. Sara Lov lived there with an international fugitive from justice until a decade later when an uncle brought about her repatriation to the United States.\nIn 1998 Lov formed the dream pop duo Devics alongside pianist Dustin O'Halloran. In 2001, the group signed with Bella Union, a U.K.-based record label run by Cocteau Twins' Simon Raymonde, and moved to Italy. Lov later decided to pursue a solo career and partnered with producer Zac Rae on a full-length album. In order to complete the work on the record, Lov relocated back to the Los Angeles area; she also toured with Sea Wolf and performed at a number of L.A. venues.\nLov's song, \"Connected by a String,\" was inspired by events in her life. \"Everywhere [her father] went, he\u2019d leave a path of destruction,\" Lov said, \"but music was my sanity. It was the thing I could turn to to escape.\" Sara came back to America when she was older, but her sister stayed behind. Thus the line, \"never mind the bombs in Tel Aviv\" (which is a city in Israel) and Sara's statement that, \"I will not go back there, and she will never leave.\"\nHer debut The Young Eyes EP was released January 20, 2009 through Nettwerk. The EP contains two cover songs: \"My Body Is A Cage\" by Arcade Fire, and \"Timebomb\" by Beck. A full-length album, Seasoned Eyes Were Beaming was released in March 2009, also through Nettwerk. Her single \"Fountain\" was featured during the climax of a scene in Fox's Bones TV series.\nLov's LP I Already Love You was released February 15, 2010 on her own label Splinter Records. Her 2015 album Some Kind of Champion was self-released after a successful PledgeMusic campaign.", "Q365141": "Philippe de Broca (French: [d\u0259 b\u0281\u0254ka]; 15 March 1933 \u2013 26 November 2004) was a French movie director.\nHe directed 30 full-length feature films, including the highly successful That Man from Rio (L'Homme de Rio), The Man from Acapulco (Le Magnifique) and On Guard (Le Bossu). His works include historical, romantic epics such as Chouans! and King of Hearts (Le Roi de c\u0153ur), as well as comedies with a charismatic, breezy hero ready to embark upon any adventure which comes his way, so long as it means escaping everyday modern life: Practice Makes Perfect (Le Cavaleur), The Devil by the Tail (Le Diable par la queue), The African (L'Africain). He had links with the actor Jean-Paul Belmondo, with whom he made six films, as well as with Jean-Pierre Cassel, Philippe Noiret and Jean Rochefort.", "Q190414": "The Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (Russian: \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0442, \u0426\u0410\u0413\u0418, romanized: Tsentralniy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut, TsAGI) was founded in Moscow by Russian aviation pioneer Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky on December 1, 1918.", "Q343838": "\u0130lyas Salman (born 14 January 1949) is a Turkish actor, film director, author, screenwriter and musician.\nHe shared the Adana Golden Boll International Film Festival's Best Actor Award in 2012 together with Engin G\u00fcnayd\u0131n for his role in Yeralt\u0131.\n\n", "Q885101": "Blood Ceremony is a Canadian rock band formed in 2006 in Toronto, Ontario. Blood Ceremony's style has been described as \"flute-tinged witch rock\" and their lyrics are filled with black magic imagery and references to classic horror films. Their music has been also characterized as hard rock, psychedelic folk, progressive rock and doom metal.The band is fronted by singer/flutist/organist Alia O'Brien, whose flute solos are reminiscent of Jethro Tull's Ian Anderson. Torontoist has called Blood Ceremony \"Toronto's most original band\".\n\n", "Q472114": "Radu Lupu (born 30 November 1945) is a Romanian pianist. He is widely recognized as one of the greatest living pianists. Born in Gala\u021bi, Romania, Lupu began studying piano at the age of six. Two of his major piano teachers were Florica Musicescu, who was also the teacher of Dinu Lipatti, and Heinrich Neuhaus, who was also the teacher of Sviatoslav Richter and Emil Gilels. From 1966 to 1969, he won first prizes of three of the world's most prestigious piano competitions: the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition (1966), the George Enescu International Piano Competition (1967), and the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition (1969). These victories launched Lupu's international career and he has appeared with all of the major orchestras and at all of the major festivals and music capitals of the world.\nFrom 1970 to 1993, Lupu made over 20 recordings for Decca Records. His solo recordings, which have received considerable acclaim, include works by Beethoven, Brahms, Grieg, Mozart, Schubert, and Schumann, including all of Beethoven's piano concertos as well as five piano sonatas and other solo works; the Grieg and Schumann piano concertos, as well as three major solo works of Schumann; nine piano sonatas and the Impromptus and Moments musicaux of Schubert; various major solo works and the first piano concerto of Brahms; and two piano concertos of Mozart. His chamber music recordings for Decca include all of Mozart's sonatas for violin and piano with Szymon Goldberg; the violin sonatas of Debussy and Franck with Kyung Wha Chung; and various works by Schubert for violin and piano with Goldberg. He additionally recorded works of Mozart and Schubert for piano four-hands and two pianos with Murray Perahia for CBS Masterworks, Schubert songs with Barbara Hendricks for EMI, and works by Schubert for piano four-hands with Daniel Barenboim for Teldec.\nIn addition to his performances of the music of Beethoven, Brahms, Mozart, Schubert, and Schumann, Lupu is also noted for his performances of Bart\u00f3k, Debussy, Enescu, and Jan\u00e1\u010dek, among other composers. Lupu was nominated for two Grammy Awards, winning one in 1996 for an album of two Schubert piano sonatas. In 1995, Lupu also won an Edison Award for a disc of three major piano works of Schumann. Other awards won by Lupu include the Franco Abbiati Prize in 1989 and 2006, and the 2006 Premio Internazionale Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli award.", "Q749884": "Kyoto City University of Arts (\u4eac\u90fd\u5e02\u7acb\u82b8\u8853\u5927\u5b66, Ky\u014dto shiritsu geijutsu daigaku) is a public, municipal university of general art and music in Kyoto, Japan. Established in 1880, it is Japan's oldest university of the arts (the predecessor of Tokyo University of the Arts was founded in 1887). Among its faculty and graduates have been 16 recipients of the Order of Culture, 24 members of the Japan Art Academy, and 10 artists who have been designated Living National Treasures.\nIt has been associated especially closely with nihonga painters from western Japan.", "Q103268": "Pope Gregory III (Latin: Gregorius III; died 28 November 741) was the bishop of Rome from 11 February 731 to his death. His pontificate, like that of his predecessor, was disturbed by Byzantine iconoclasm and the advance of the Lombards, in which he invoked the intervention of Charles Martel, although ultimately in vain. He was the last pope to seek the consent of the Byzantine exarch of Ravenna for his election.", "Q189145": "Antonio de Padua Mar\u00eda Severino L\u00f3pez de Santa Anna y P\u00e9rez de Lebr\u00f3n (Spanish pronunciation: [an\u02c8tonjo \u02c8lopes \u00f0e sant(a)\u02c8anna]; 21 February 1794 \u2013 21 June 1876), usually known as Santa Anna or L\u00f3pez de Santa Anna, was a Mexican politician and general. His influence on post-independence Mexican politics and government in the first half of the nineteenth century is such that historians often refer to it as the \"Age of Santa Anna.\" He was called \"the Man of Destiny\" who \"loomed over his time like a melodramatic colossus, the uncrowned monarch.\" Santa Anna's military and political career was a series of reversals. He first opposed Mexican independence from Spain, but then fought in support of it. He backed the monarchy of Mexican Empire, then revolted against the emperor. He \"represents the stereotypical caudillo in Mexican history\". Lucas Alam\u00e1n wrote that \"the history of Mexico since 1822 might accurately be called the history of Santa Anna's revolutions. His name plays a major role in all the political events of the country and its destiny has become intertwined with his.\"Santa Anna was an enigmatic, patriotic, and controversial figure who had great power in Mexico during a turbulent 40-year career. He led as general at crucial points and served 12 non-consecutive presidential terms over a period of 22 years. In the periods of time when he was not serving as president, he continued to pursue his military career. He was a wealthy landowner who built a political base in the port city of Veracruz. He was perceived as a hero by his troops, as he sought glory for himself and his army and independence for Mexico. He repeatedly rebuilt his reputation after major losses. Yet at the same time, historians and many Mexicans also rank him as one of \"those who failed the nation.\" His centralist rhetoric and military failures resulted in Mexico losing half its territory, beginning with the Texas Revolution of 1836 and culminating with the Mexican Cession of 1848 following its loss to the United States in the Mexican\u2013American War. But his leadership in the Mexican-American War and his willingness to fight to the bitter end prolonged the war. \"More than any other single person it was Santa Anna who denied Polk's dream of a short war.\" After the debacle of the war, he returned to the presidency and in 1853 sold Mexican territory to the U.S. That was the final straw. He was overthrown by the liberal Revolution of Ayutla in 1855 and lived most of his later years in exile.", "Q1379779": "Mihal \"Mike\" Lazaridis, OC, O.Ont, FRS (Greek: \u039c\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1\u03ae\u03bb (\u039c\u03b9\u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2) \u039b\u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2; born March 14, 1961) is a Greek-Canadian businessman, investor in quantum computing technologies, and founder of BlackBerry, which created and manufactured the BlackBerry wireless handheld device. Lazaridis served in various positions including Co-Chairman and Co-CEO of BlackBerry from 1984 to 2012 and Board Vice Chair and Chair of the Innovation Committee from 2012 to 2013. As a passionate advocate for the power of basic science to improve and transform the world, he co-founded Quantum Valley Investments in March 2013 with childhood friend and BlackBerry co-founder Douglas Fregin to provide financial and intellectual capital for the further development and commercialization of breakthroughs in quantum information science. In 1999 he founded Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, where he also serves as Board Chair. In 2002, he founded the Institute for Quantum Computing. He is also a former chancellor of the University of Waterloo, and an Officer of the Order of Canada. With an estimated net worth of US$800 million (as of June 2011), Lazaridis was ranked by Forbes as the 17th wealthiest Canadian and 651st in the world.", "Q520646": "Truly is an American rock band formed in the wake of the grunge era. It featured singer-guitarist Robert Roth, bassist Hiro Yamamoto, and drummer Mark Pickerel. Yamamoto and Pickerel were founding members respectively of Soundgarden and Screaming Trees. While not a commercially successful group like some of their Seattle contemporaries, the band lasted a decade with two studio albums to their name.", "Q325565": "Lionel Walker Birch Martin (15 March 1878 \u2013 21 October 1945) was an English businessman who co-founded the company that became Aston Martin.\n\n", "Q162682": "Johann Heinrich Rosenpl\u00e4nter (12 July/23 July 1782 in Valmiera \u2013 15 April/27 April 1846 in P\u00e4rnu) was a Baltic German linguist and Estophile. He edited one of the first scientific journals on the Estonian language, Beitr\u00e4ge zur genauern Kenntni\u00df der ehstnischen Sprache (commonly referred to as Beitr\u00e4ge...).", "Q181519": "SKE48 (S.K.E. Forty-eight) is a Japanese idol group produced by Yasushi Akimoto. SKE48 is named after the Sakae district in Nagoya of Aichi Prefecture, where the group is based. The group performs at SKE48 Theater on 2F of Sunshine Sakae, a shopping center in Sakae, Nagoya. Avex Group is its current official label. The group has sold nearly 11 million CDs in Japan.", "Q352935": "Dennis Farina (February 29, 1944 \u2013 July 22, 2013) was an American film and television actor, TV presenter, narrator and former Chicago police officer. He was a character actor, often typecast as a mobster or police officer. He is known for roles such as mobster Jimmy Serrano in the comedy Midnight Run, Ray \"Bones\" Barboni in Get Shorty and Cousin Avi in Snatch. He starred on television as Lieutenant Mike Torello on Crime Story and as NYPD Detective Joe Fontana on Law & Order. From 2008\u20132010, he hosted and narrated the television program Unsolved Mysteries on Spike TV. His last major television role was in HBO's Luck, which premiered on January 29, 2012.", "Q58282": "William Jefferson Hague, Baron Hague of Richmond, (born 26 March 1961) is a British Conservative politician and life peer. He represented Richmond, Yorkshire, as its Member of Parliament (MP) from 1989 until 2015 and was the Leader of the Opposition from 1997 to 2001. He was Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs from 2010 to 2014 and was the Leader of the House of Commons from 2014 to 2015.Hague was educated at Wath Comprehensive School, the University of Oxford and INSEAD, subsequently being returned to the House of Commons at a by-election in 1989. Hague quickly rose through the ranks of the government of John Major and was appointed to Cabinet in 1995 as Secretary of State for Wales. Following the Conservatives' defeat at the 1997 general election by the Labour Party, he was elected Leader of the Conservative Party at the age of 36.\nHe resigned as Conservative Leader after the 2001 general election following his party's second defeat, at which the Conservatives made a net gain of just one seat. He returned to the backbenches, pursuing a career as an author, writing biographies of William Pitt the Younger and William Wilberforce. He also held several directorships, and worked as a consultant and public speaker.\nAfter David Cameron was elected Leader of the Conservative Party in 2005, Hague was reappointed to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Foreign Secretary. He also assumed the role of \"Senior Member of the Shadow Cabinet\", serving as Cameron's deputy. After the formation of the Coalition Government in 2010, Hague was appointed First Secretary of State and Foreign Secretary. Cameron described him as his \"de facto political deputy\". On 14 July 2014, Hague stood down as Foreign Secretary and became Leader of the House of Commons. He did not stand for re-election at the 2015 general election.\nHague was awarded a life peerage in the 2015 Dissolution Honours List on 9 October 2015.", "Q77261": "Friedrich Lorentz (18 December 1870, G\u00fcstrow \u2013 29 March 1937) was a German historian. He is the author of publications in the field of linguistics and Kashubian culture. As he wrote, Kashubian is a language having 76 different subdialects.", "Q74768": "March District is a district in Canton of Schwyz, Switzerland. The coat of arms of the district is gules, an annulet sable \u2014 a black ring on a red background. It has a population of 43,598 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q121977": "Martin Karl Hellinger (born 17 July 1904, date of death unknown) was a German Nazi dentist who in 1943 was assigned to work at the concentration camp for women at Ravensbr\u00fcck, with the duty of removing dental gold from those killed at the camp.\nAt the first Ravensbr\u00fcck trial, beginning in 1946, he was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment. He was released in 1955 with funds to re-establish a dental practice. Details of his later life are unknown.", "Q89815": "G\u00f6tz Kauffmann (15 January 1949 \u2013 26 January 2010) was an Austrian stage, film and television actor, cabaret artist and writer.", "Q1390871": "Fabrizio Palenzona (born in Novi Ligure, September 1, 1953) is a company executive, banker and Italian politician, past president of ASECAP, president of Gemina, Italian Association of Motorway and Tunnel Concessionaire Companies (AISCAT), of Aeroporti di Roma (ADR), on the board of directors of Mediobanca and vice president of Unicredit.\n\n", "Q376883": "Pedro Sampaio Malan (born 1943 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian economist and former Minister of Finance of Brazil. He is the father of journalist and correspondent Cec\u00edlia Malan.\n\n", "Q647103": "Tarpon Springs is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. The population was 23,484 at the 2010 census. Tarpon Springs has the highest percentage of Greek Americans of any city in the US. Downtown Tarpon has long been a focal point and is currently undergoing beautification.", "Q1276338": "Keble College () is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Its main buildings are on Parks Road, opposite the University Museum and the University Parks. The college is bordered to the north by Keble Road, to the south by Museum Road, and to the west by Blackhall Road.\nKeble was established in 1870, having been built as a monument to John Keble, who had been a leading member of the Oxford Movement which sought to stress the Catholic nature of the Church of England. Consequently, the college's original teaching focus was primarily theological, although the college now offers a broad range of subjects, reflecting the diversity of degrees offered across the wider university. In the period after the Second World War the trends were towards scientific courses (proximity to the university science area east of the University Museum influenced this). As originally constituted, it was for men only and the fellows were mostly bachelors resident in the college. Like many of Oxford's men's colleges, Keble admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979.It remains distinctive for its still-controversial neo-gothic red-brick buildings designed by William Butterfield. The buildings are also notable for breaking from Oxbridge tradition by arranging rooms along corridors rather than around staircases, in order that the scouts could supervise the comings and goings of visitors. (Girton College, Cambridge, similarly breaks this tradition.)\nKeble is one of the larger colleges of the University of Oxford, with 433 undergraduates and 245 graduate students in 2011/12. Keble's sister college at the University of Cambridge is Selwyn College.", "Q874846": "Ren\u00e9 Courtin (1900\u20131964) was a French economist.", "Q73007": "Richard Anthony \"Cheech\" Mar\u00edn (born July 13, 1946) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, writer and activist, who gained recognition as part of the comedy act Cheech & Chong during the 1970s and early 1980s with Tommy Chong and as Don Johnson's partner, Insp. Joe Dominguez, on Nash Bridges. He has also voiced characters in several Disney films, including Oliver & Company, The Lion King, the Cars series, Coco and Beverly Hills Chihuahua.\nMar\u00edn's trademark is his characters' strong Chicano accents, although Marin himself is not fluent in Spanish.\n\n", "Q65665": "Casti-Wergenstein or Casti-Vargistagn is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q1231073": "Sol Kaplan (April 19, 1919 \u2013 November 14, 1990) was an American film and television music composer.", "Q1955333": "Taalib Johnson, professionally known as Musiq Soulchild or simply Musiq (; born September 16, 1977) is an American singer and songwriter whose style blends R&B, funk, blues, jazz, gospel influences fused with hip hop.", "Q116103": "Frank A. Meyer (born 6 January 1944 in Biel/Bienne) is a Swiss journalist.Media consultant of Ringier Inc., the largest Swiss publishing house (Blick, Le Temps...), he is also Blick\u2019s main strategist.\n\n", "Q371134": "Y\u016bichi Nakamura (\u4e2d\u6751 \u512a\u4e00, Nakamura Y\u016bichi, born October 8, 1987) is a Japanese actor. He is best known for the roles of Ky\u014dsuke Kiriya in the 2005 tokusatsu series Kamen Rider Hibiki, Otoya Hanazono in the 2006 midnight drama Princess Princess D, and Yuto Sakurai/Kamen Rider Zeronos in the 2007 tokusatsu series Kamen Rider Den-O.\nNakamura was affiliated with the acting group D-Boys produced by Watanabe Entertainment.\nIn 2012, he announced he would be taking a break from show business, but in 2014 he announced he had been signed to a new talent agency, G-Star.Pro.", "Q148719": "Eug\u00e8ne Ney Terre'Blanche (31 January 1941 \u2013 3 April 2010) was an Afrikaner nationalist who founded and was the leader of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB; Afrikaner Resistance Movement in English). Prior to founding the AWB, Terre'Blanche served as a South African Police officer, was a farmer, and was an unsuccessful Herstigte Nasionale Party (Reconstituted National Party) candidate for local office in the Transvaal. He was a major figure in the right-wing backlash against the collapse of apartheid. His beliefs and philosophy have continued to be influential among white supremacists in South Africa and around the world.\nUnder Terre'Blanche, the AWB swore to use violence to preserve minority rule, opposing any concessions offered to the African National Congress \u2013 an organisation AWB supporters repeatedly branded as Marxist terrorists \u2013 and gaining notoriety for storming the Kempton Park Trade Centre during bilateral negotiations in 1993. AWB loyalists also clashed with South African security forces at the Battle of Ventersdorp, a bloody 1991 skirmish in which police opened fire on a white crowd for the first time since the Rand Rebellion, leaving three Afrikaners dead. Immediately prior to South Africa's first multiracial elections, Terre'Blanche's followers were linked to a number of bombings and assassinations targeting the South African Communist Party; armed AWB commandos participated in the crisis in Bophuthatswana in 1994.\nTerre'Blanche spent three years in a Rooigrond prison for assaulting a petrol station attendant and for the attempted murder of a black security guard around 1996. He was released in June 2004. On 3 April 2010, he was hacked and beaten to death on his Ventersdorp farm, allegedly by two of his employees. Conservative Afrikaners have suggested that the killing was part of a larger pattern of farm invasions in South Africa.\n\n", "Q233475": "Heidi India Partakis (n\u00e9e Range; born 23 May 1983) is an English singer-songwriter. She is best known for being a former member of the group Sugababes. Range was an original member of girl group Atomic Kitten, although she left the group two years before releasing any material. In 2001, Range replaced Siobh\u00e1n Donaghy of the Sugababes and had accumulated six UK number one singles as well as two number one studio albums with the group before splitting in 2011. Range has since concentrated on theatre work.", "Q87838": "Ernst Wolfgang Kirchbach (born London, England, 18 September 1857; died Bad Nauheim, 8 September 1906) was a German critic and writer.", "Q406695": "AirTran Airways (stylized as \u0251irTran) was an American low-cost airline that was originally headquartered in Orlando, Florida and ceased operation following its acquisition by Southwest Airlines.\nAirTran Airways was established in 1993 as Conquest Sun Airlines by the management of two small airlines: Destination Sun Airways and Conquest Airlines, with Conquest Airlines co-founder Victor Rivas being heavily involved in the establishment of Conquest Sun. The airline was purchased by the AirTran Corporation in 1994 and was renamed to AirTran Airways, the airline was later spun off under the new Airways Corporation holding company by the AirTran Corporation.\nThe airline and the Airways Corporation holding company was purchased in 1997 by the ValuJet holding company which owned the struggling ValuJet Airlines. The ValuJet holding company became known as AirTran Holdings and merged ValuJet Airlines into AirTran Airways. ValuJet Airlines was renamed \"AirTran Airlines\" before it was merged into AirTran Airways.\nAirTran Airways and parent AirTran Holdings were acquired by Southwest Airlines on May 2, 2011, and gradually integrated with the final revenue flight operating on December 28, 2014.AirTran operated nearly 700 daily flights, primarily in the eastern and midwestern United States, with its principal hub at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport where it operated nearly 200 daily departures. AirTran's fleet consisted of Boeing 717-200 aircraft, of which it was the world's largest operator, and Boeing 737-700 aircraft.", "Q109023": "Bj\u00f6rn B\u00f6hning (born 2 June 1978, Geldern, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as State Secretary at the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs under the leadership of minister Hubertus Heil since 2018.From 2004 to 2007 B\u00f6hning was the chairperson of the Young Socialists in the SPD (\"Jusos\"), the SPD's youth organization.", "Q327372": "Nicholas Hugh Sebag-Montefiore (born 5 March 1955) is a British writer. He trained as a barrister before becoming a journalist and then a non-fiction writer. His second book Dunkirk: Fight to the Last Man was published in 2006. His previous book is Enigma: The Battle for the Code, the story of breaking the German Enigma machine code at Bletchley Park during the Second World War (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000). His family owned Bletchley Park until they sold it to the British government in 1938.\nIn 2016, Somme: Into the Breach appeared in time for the 100th anniversary of the Somme Offensive. Cecil Sebag-Montefiore, the author's great-grandfather, took his own life after serving with the Royal Engineers on the Western Front.He is married since 1989 to Aviva Burnstock, the head of the Department of Art Conservation & Technology at the Courtauld Institute in London. His brother Simon Sebag Montefiore is also a writer, besides being an historian. His cousin Denzil was a platoon commander at Dunkirk.", "Q3157279": "Jack Mower (September 5, 1890 \u2013 January 6, 1965) was an American film actor. He appeared in 526 films between 1914 and 1965. He was born in Honolulu and died in Hollywood.\n\n", "Q1523176": "Bradley Mark \"Brad\" Stewart (September 11, 1969 \u2013 October 8, 2008), known by his stage name Gidget Gein, was an American musician and artist. He was the second bassist and co-founder of the alternative metal band Marilyn Manson. His stage name references and dichotomies serial killer Ed Gein. Gidget he thought was cute to just put.", "Q578405": "Maurice Podoloff (Ukrainian: \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0441 \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0444; August 18, 1890 \u2013 November 24, 1985) was an American lawyer and basketball and ice hockey administrator. He served as the president of the Basketball Association of America (BAA) in 1946\u20131949, and the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949\u20131963.", "Q250878": "Urassaya Sperbund (Thai: \u0e2d\u0e38\u0e23\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e22\u0e32 \u0e40\u0e2a\u0e1b\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e14\u0e4c; born March 18, 1993), more commonly known as Yaya, is a half Thai half Norwegian actress and model known for her roles in Duang Jai Akkanee (2010), Game Rai Game Rak (2011), Torranee Ni Nee Krai Krong (2012), Kleun Cheewit (2017) and The Crown Princess (2018).", "Q218800": "David Oyetokunbo Oyelowo ( oh-YEL-\u0259-woh; born 1 April 1976) is an English-American actor and producer. His highest-profile role to date was as Martin Luther King Jr. in the 2014 biographical drama film Selma. He also took the lead role in A United Kingdom (2016) as well as playing the role of a chess coach in Queen of Katwe (2016). He has played supporting roles in the films Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011), Lincoln (2012), Jack Reacher (2012), and garnered praise for portraying Louis Gaines in The Butler (2013). On television, he played MI5 officer Danny Hunter on the British drama series Spooks (2002\u20132004) and Javert in the BBC Miniseries Les Mis\u00e9rables (2018).", "Q322222": "Fran\u00e7ois Rabbath (born 1931 in Aleppo, Syria) is a contemporary French double-bass player, soloist, and composer.", "Q70526": "Val-de-Travers is a municipality in the Val-de-Travers District in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2009, when the former municipalities of Boveresse, Buttes, Couvet, Fleurier, Les Bayards, M\u00f4tiers, Noiraigue, Saint-Sulpice and Travers merged to form Val-de-Travers.The region is known for its production of absinthe.", "Q433606": "Alexandra Jean Theresa DiMeco (born June 12, 1992) is an American actress, reality television personality, and multi-instrumentalist primarily known for playing the role of Nat Wolff's main love interest Rosalina in the musical comedy series The Naked Brothers Band.", "Q363518": "Julian Richard Morley Sands (born 4 January 1958) is an English actor known for his roles in films such as The Killing Fields, A Room with a View, Warlock, Arachnophobia, and Vatel. On television, he is known for playing Vladimir Bierko in 24, Jor-El in Smallville, and as Yulish Rabitov in Banshee.", "Q32715": "Robert L. Turner (born May 2, 1941) is an American businessman and politician who served as the United States Representative for New York's 9th congressional district, in the United States' 112th Congress (containing parts of Brooklyn and Queens), from 2011 to 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party. Turner was elected in September 2011 to complete the term of Democrat Anthony Weiner, who had resigned following allegations of improper behavior.\nTurner had been a media executive known for his success in the television talk show segment of the industry. Six years after retiring from his business career, he entered politics to run against Weiner in the November 2010 election\u2014losing, receiving 39 percent of the vote. Less than one year later, he defeated Democrat David Weprin 52\u201347 in the special election battle for Weiner's seat\u2014becoming the first Republican to represent the area since 1923. In 2012, after his district was eliminated in redistricting, Turner ran for the United States Senate, but was defeated in the primaries. Turner was named chairman of the Queens County chapter of the Republican Party in 2015. He was ousted as chairman in 2017.", "Q715679": "In patent law, an inventor is the person, or persons in United States patent law, who contribute to the claims of a patentable invention. In some patent law frameworks, however, such as in the European Patent Convention (EPC) and its case law, no explicit, accurate definition of who exactly is an inventor is provided. The definition may slightly vary from one European country to another. Inventorship is generally not considered to be a patentability criterion under European patent law.\nUnder U.S. case law, an inventor is the one with \"intellectual domination\" over the inventive process, and not merely one who assists in its reduction to practice. Since inventorship relates to the claims in a patent application, knowing who an inventor is under the patent law is sometimes difficult. In fact, inventorship can change during the prosecution of a patent application as claims are deleted or amended.\n\"Joint inventors\", or \"co-inventors\", exist when a patentable invention is the result of inventive work of more than one inventor. Joint inventors exist even where one inventor contributed a majority of the work.\nAbsent a contract or license, the inventors are individuals who own the rights in an issued patent. Status as an inventor dramatically alters parties' ability to capitalize on the invention.", "Q273079": "Cabell \"Cab\" Calloway III (December 25, 1907 \u2013 November 18, 1994) was an American jazz singer, dancer, bandleader and actor. He was associated with the Cotton Club in Harlem, New York City, where he was a regular performer and became a popular vocalist of the swing era. His niche for mixing jazz and vaudeville won him acclaim during a career that spanned over 65 years.Calloway was a master of energetic scat singing and led one of the United States' most popular big bands from the early 1930s to the late 1940s. His band included trumpeters Dizzy Gillespie, Jonah Jones, and Adolphus \"Doc\" Cheatham, saxophonists Ben Webster and Leon \"Chu\" Berry, guitarist Danny Barker, bassist Milt Hinton, and drummer Cozy Cole.Calloway had several hit records in the 1930s and 1940s, becoming known as the \"Hi-de-ho\" man of jazz for his most famous song, \"Minnie the Moocher\", originally recorded in 1931. He reached the Billboard charts in five consecutive decades (1930s\u20131970s). Calloway also made several stage, film, and television appearances until his death in 1994 at the age of 86. He had roles in Stormy Weather (1943), Porgy and Bess (1953), The Cincinnati Kid (1965), and Hello Dolly! (1967). His career saw renewed interest in 1980 when he appeared in The Blues Brothers. \nCalloway was the first African-American musician to sell a million records from a single song and to have a nationally syndicated radio show. In 1993, Calloway received the National Medal of Arts from the United States Congress. He posthumously received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2008. His song \"Minnie the Moocher\" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999 and added to the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry in 2019. He is also inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame and the International Jazz Hall of Fame.", "Q65895": "Kirchdorf is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018 the former municipalities of Gelterfingen, M\u00fchledorf and Noflen merged into the municipality of Kirchdorf.", "Q553858": "Disques Vogue was a jazz record company founded in France by L\u00e9on Cabat and Charles Delaunay in 1947, the year after the American Vogue label ceased.\nThey originally specialized in jazz, featuring American performers such as Sidney Bechet, Dizzy Gillespie, and Gigi Gryce (sessions reissued on CD under Clifford Brown's name), in addition to local musicians Django Reinhardt and Martial Solal. In the late 1950s Vogue expanded into pop music, recording artists such as Petula Clark. In the 1960s and early 1970s the label added Jacques Dutronc and Fran\u00e7oise Hardy. They licensed recordings by ABBA for release in Belgium and France.\nVogue Records, a British offshoot, was founded in 1951 and absorbed by English Decca (then separate from the American company) around 1956, but the rights to the name reverted to the French parent in 1962, whereupon Decca renamed its Vogue label Vocalion. A new Disques Vogue sister label was established in Britain as part of the Pye Group. The label's catalogue is now part of Sony Music.", "Q834292": "Vorkriegsjugend (German pronunciation: [\u02c8fo\u02d0\u0250\u032fk\u0281i\u02d0ksju\u02d0\u0261\u0259nt]) was a very influential cult Deutschpunk/hardcore punk band from West Berlin, Germany. The band existed for only three years (1982\u201384). However, it is considered to be one of the most notable and influential German bands of the period.\nThe name translates as \"Pre-war youth\".\nVorkriegsjugend released a double 7\" record and an LP. The band's discography is currently available on CD from Weird System Records.\nThe band, with only the drummer as a band member of the original line-up, reformed in 1998 and released an EP called Widerstand dem Teutonenland. The band split up for good in 1999.\nThe LP is nowadays a rarity and can be sold for more than 50 dollars. The front cover painting was done by Lisa Deanne Smith (aka Lisa Bat). The 7\" is even more rare. There was an official re-release as 12\" by New Face Records from Brazil in 1988. The original 7\" had no second pressing and can be sold for more than 150 dollars which makes it one of the most expensive German punk records in history.", "Q212493": "Savior is a 1998 war film starring Dennis Quaid, Stellan Skarsg\u00e5rd, Nastassja Kinski, and Nata\u0161a Ninkovi\u0107. It is about a U.S. mercenary escorting a Bosnian Serb woman and her newborn child to a United Nations safe zone during the Bosnian War.", "Q2996600": "The General Staff Academy (Russian: \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430, or Akademiya general'nogo shtaba) was a Russian military academy, established in 1832 in St.Petersburg. It was first known as the Imperial Military Academy (\u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f), then in 1855 it was renamed Nicholas General Staff Academy (in commemoration of Emperor Nicholas I) and in 1909 - Imperial Nicholas Military Academy (\u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f).\nThe academy trained Imperial Russian Army officers with higher military education and military land surveyors. It admitted officers of all arms of military service up to the rank of stabbs-captain inclusive. The academy offered two principal courses, one additional course and had a geodesic department. Those who graduated from the additional course used to join the General Staff. The alumni had the right to an accelerated promotion to the next rank and commanding posts. The academy used to employ some of the best military theoreticians and historians, such as Alexei Baiov, Mikhail Dragomirov, Heinrich Leer, Dmitry Maslovsky, Nikolai Medem, Dmitry Milyutin, Alexander Myshlayevsky, Alexander Puzyrevsky and others. From 1832 to 1918, the General Staff Academy trained 4,532 General Staff officers and contributed significantly to the development of military theory. Some of the scientific works and charters prepared by the academy were even used during the first years of the formation of the Red Army.\nAmong academy's most famous alumni were Abdolhossein Teymourtash, Nikolai Obruchev, Fyodor Radetsky, Mikhail Skobelev, and Nikolai Stoletov. Many of its alumni would become leaders of the White movement, such as Aleksandr Kolchak and Pyotr Wrangel. Some others would take the side of the Bolsheviks as military experts and become prominent Soviet military leaders and politicians, such as Mikhail Bonch-Bruevich, Jukums V\u0101cietis, Sergei Kamenev, Boris Shaposhnikov, Vladimir Egoryev, and others. Most of these commanders were executed in the 1930s. Also several Estonian military leaders, such as Johan Laidoner, Jaan Soots and Andres Larka, came from General Staff Academy. One of its graduates, Mykola Kapustiansky, would become a General in the army of the Ukrainian National Republic and later a founder of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists.\nIn March 1918, the General Staff Academy was transformed into the Red Army Military Academy. In the summer of that same year, the academy was evacuated to Kazan, where its staff would join the army of Admiral Kolchak. In 1921, the General Staff Academy was disbanded. The term was reintroduced in 1936, when the Voroshilov Military Academy of the USSR Army General Staff was established.", "Q392287": "Age of Heroes is a 2011 British war film directed by Adrian Vitoria.\nThe film is based on the real-life events of the formation of Ian Fleming's 30 Commando unit during World War II. The film was released in the United Kingdom in 2011.\n\n", "Q130852": "Junichiro Koizumi ( koy-ZOO-mee; \u5c0f\u6cc9 \u7d14\u4e00\u90ce Koizumi Jun'ichir\u014d [ko.i\ua71cz\u026fmi (d)\u0291\u026f\u0270\u0303.i\ua71ct\u0255i\u027eo\u02d0]; born 8 January 1942) is a Japanese politician who was Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) from 2001 to 2006. He retired from politics in 2009, and he remains the sixth-longest serving Prime Minister in Japanese history.Widely seen as a maverick leader of the LDP upon his election to the position in 2001, he became known as an economic reformer, focusing on reducing Japan's government debt and the privatisation of its postal service. In the 2005 election, Koizumi led the LDP to win one of the largest parliamentary majorities in modern Japanese history. Koizumi also attracted international attention through his deployment of the Japan Self-Defense Forces to Iraq, and through his visits to the Yasukuni Shrine that fueled diplomatic tensions with neighbouring China and South Korea. Koizumi resigned as Prime Minister in 2006.\nAlthough Koizumi maintained a low profile for several years after he left office, he returned to national attention in 2013 as an advocate for abandoning nuclear power in Japan, in the wake of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, which contrasted with the pro-nuclear views espoused by the LDP governments both during and after Koizumi's term in office.", "Q1007545": "Galatasaray High School (Turkish: Galatasaray Lisesi, French: Lyc\u00e9e de Galatasaray) is a high school in Turkey. Established in 1481, it is the oldest high school in Turkey and the second-oldest Turkish educational institution after Istanbul University, which was established in 1453. Being an Anatolian High School, access to the school is open to students with a high Nationwide High School Entrance score. Education consists of a blend of Turkish and French curricula and is provided in both languages.\nThe association football club Galatasaray S.K. was formed by and named after the institution. The footballers consisted entirely of students of the school during the club's formative years. Galatasaray High School is the progenitor of Galatasaray Community, which includes the football club, its parent Galatasaray Sports Club, and Galatasaray University.\nThe name Galatasaray means Galata Palace, as the school is located near Galata, the medieval Genoese citadel at the north of the Golden Horn, in the district of Beyo\u011flu which includes the Galata quarter.", "Q1465651": "St Hilda's College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. The college is named after the Anglo-Saxon Saint, Hilda of Whitby and was founded in 1893 as a hall for women; remaining an all-women's college until 2008. St Hilda's was the last single-sex college in the university as Somerville College had admitted men in 1994. The college now has almost equal numbers of men and women at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.\nThe current Principal is Sir Gordon Duff, who took up the post in 2014.\nAs of 2018, the college had an endowment of \u00a352.1 million and total assets of \u00a3113.4 million.\n\n", "Q119218": "Stefan Walz (born 1963) is a Swiss actor. His best known role is as Sigmund J\u00e4hn in the film Good Bye, Lenin!.", "Q74998": "Renate Brausewetter (1 October 1905 \u2013 20 August 2006) was a Spanish-born German silent film actress. She was the younger sister of German actor Hans Brausewetter.\nBrausewetter was born in M\u00e1laga, Spain, moving to Berlin, Germany in 1915. She made her screen debut in 1925's Die freudlose Gasse (The Joyless Street), appearing alongside Greta Garbo. Brausewetter appeared in over a dozen silent films, but retired from acting in 1928 before the advent of sound. She appeared in only one sound picture, 1950's The Staircase.\nBrausewetter was living in a retirement home in Linz am Rhein when she died of natural causes on 20 August 2006, aged 100.", "Q1334889": "Braathens ASA, until 1997 Braathens South American & Far East Airtransport A/S and trading as Braathens SAFE, was a Norwegian airline which operated from 1946 until it merged with Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) in 2004 to become SAS Braathens. For most of its history, Braathens was the largest domestic airline in Norway, but did not operate an international network for many years. Its main hubs were Oslo Airport, Fornebu and later Oslo Airport, Gardermoen, and briefly Stockholm-Arlanda Airport. The airline operated 118 aircraft of 15 models, the majority of which having been variations of the Boeing 737. Braathens served 53 airports and 50 cities with scheduled services through its history.\nThe airline was founded in 1946 by Ludvig G. Braathen and originally used a fleet of Douglas DC-4 aircraft on routes to the Far East and South Africa. From 1954 the airline was forced to operate all its scheduled flights domestically, where it used de Havilland Herons. Braathens SAFE retained an international charter service using the DC-3 and DC-6. As new domestic airports were built, Braathens SAFE and SAS were awarded each their share of monopoly route concessions. The Fokker F-27 was introduced in 1958, but was phased out with the delivery of the Fokker F-28 and Boeing 737-200 jets from 1969. The last F-27 was phased out in 1975. After a two-year use of Boeing 767 aircraft, Braathens operated an all-Boeing 737 fleet from 1986.\nIncreased domestic competition on routes started from 1987, along with Braathens SAFE again starting international routes. By 1994 the fleet had been replaced with Boeing 737-400 and -500 and domestic deregulation of the airline market was introduced. Braathens followed up by listing itself on the Oslo Stock Exchange, joining an alliance with Dutch airline KLM and expanding its operations to Sweden through purchasing Transwede and Malm\u00f6 Aviation. The 1998 opening of Gardermoen resulted in an intense price war with SAS and Color Air, from which Braathens never recovered financially. Braathens was controlled by Braganza until 2001, when it was sold to the SAS Group. Braathens merged with SAS Norway on 1 May 2004.", "Q100991": "Carl Heinrich Wilhelm Hagen (Dietersheim-Dottenheim, 10 October 1810 \u2013 Bern, 24 January 1868), also Karl Hagen, was a German historian and member of the Frankfurt Parliament.", "Q234332": "Nathalie Cardone (born 29 March 1967 in Pau, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques) is a French actress and singer.", "Q62644": "Francis Buchholz (born 19 February 1954 in Hannover, Germany) is a German bass guitarist best known as a former member of the rock/hard rock band Scorpions from 1973 to 1992.", "Q714201": "Daniel Michael Andriano (born June 27, 1977) is an American singer, songwriter and musician best known as the co-lead vocalist and bassist of the punk rock band Alkaline Trio, with whom he has recorded nine studio albums to date.\nAndriano also records solo material under the name, Dan Andriano in the Emergency Room, and has released two solo albums to date, Hurricane Season (2011) and Party Adjacent (2015). Since February 2019, Andriano has played bass with the rock supergroup The Damned Things.", "Q656740": "Muri District is a district in the Swiss Canton of Aargau with the administrative capital of Muri. It covers the central and southern part of Freiamt and has a population of 36,252 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q234454": "Bridget Christina Marquardt (n\u00e9e Sandmeier; born September 25, 1973) is an American television personality, model, paranormal investigator and actress, known for her role on the reality television series The Girls Next Door, which depicted her life as one of Playboy magazine publisher Hugh Hefner's girlfriends. Although not a Playboy Playmate, she has appeared in nude pictorials with her Girls Next Door co-stars and fellow Hefner girlfriends Holly Madison and Kendra Wilkinson.\n\n", "Q1760791": "Middlesex University London (legally Middlesex University and abbreviated MDX) is a public research university in Hendon, north-west London, England. The name of the university is taken from its location within the historic county boundaries of Middlesex. The university's history can be traced to 1878 when its founding institute, St Katharine's College, was established in Tottenham as a teacher training college for women. Having merged with several other institutes, the university was consolidated in its current form in 1992. It is one of the post-1992 universities.\nMiddlesex has a student body of over 19,000 in London and over 37,000 globally. The university has student exchange links with over 100 universities in 22 countries across Europe, the United States, and the world. More than 140 nationalities are represented at Middlesex's Hendon campus alone. Additionally, it has campuses in Malta, Dubai and Mauritius as well as a number of local offices across the globe. Courses are delivered by the Faculty of Science and Technology, Faculty of Professional and Social Sciences, and the Faculty of the Arts and Creative Industries.\nMiddlesex is ranked within the top 100, and highest ranked in the UK, universities in the world under 50 years old by the Times Higher Education Young University Rankings 2020. In 2017, it was awarded Silver by the Teaching Excellence Framework. The university has been awarded the Queen's Anniversary Prize three times and has twice received Queen's Award for Enterprise for its international work.", "Q926682": "Matt Haig (born 3 July 1975) is an English novelist and journalist. He has written both fiction and non-fiction for children and adults, often in the speculative fiction genre.\n\n", "Q15974768": "Death Comes to Pemberley is a three-part British television drama based on the best-selling P.D. James novel of the same name. Her murder mystery was based on the style and characters of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. \nThe series was commissioned by Controller of BBC Drama Commissioning Ben Stephenson and then-Controller of BBC One Danny Cohen, and was first broadcast from 26\u201328 December 2013 on BBC One.", "Q309919": "Clovis II (633 \u2013 657) succeeded his father Dagobert I in 639 as King of Neustria and Burgundy. His brother Sigebert III had been King of Austrasia since 634. He was initially under the regency of his mother Nanthild until her death in her early thirties in 642. Nanthild was probably poisoned or secretly murdered by the nobility, as her death allowed Clovis to fall under the influence of the secular magnates, who reduced the royal power in their own favour; first Aega and then Erchinoald.Clovis' wife, Balthild, whose Anglo-Saxon origins are now considered doubtful, was sold into slavery in Gaul. She had been owned by Clovis' mayor of the palace, Erchinoald, who gave her to him to garner royal favour. She bore him three sons who all became kings after his death. The eldest, Chlothar, succeeded him and his second eldest, Childeric, was placed on the Austrasian throne by Ebroin while Clovis was still alive. The youngest, Theuderic, succeeded Childeric in Neustria and eventually became the sole king of the Franks.\nClovis was a minor for almost the whole of his reign. He is sometimes regarded as king of Austrasia during the interval 656\u201357 when Childebert the Adopted had usurped the throne. He is often regarded as an early roi fain\u00e9ant. Medieval monks deemed him insane and attribute \"the stupidity of his descendants\" to that cause. Noted Belgian historian Henri Pirenne stated that Clovis \"died insane.\"Clovis II was buried in Saint Denis Basilica, Paris.", "Q366306": "Bruce Duncan \"Utah\" Phillips (May 15, 1935 \u2013 May 23, 2008) was an American labor organizer, folk singer, storyteller and poet. He described the struggles of labor unions and the power of direct action, self-identifying as an anarchist. He often promoted the Industrial Workers of the World in his music, actions, and words.", "Q235992": "Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen (6 November 1919 \u2013 2 July 2004) was a Portuguese poet. She was the first Portuguese woman to receive the Cam\u00f5es Prize, in 1999. Her body has been in the National Pantheon since 2014 and has a library with her name in Loul\u00e9.", "Q224647": "The Devil's Advocate (marketed as Devil's Advocate) is a 1997 American supernatural horror film directed by Taylor Hackford, written by Jonathan Lemkin and Tony Gilroy, and starring Keanu Reeves, Al Pacino, and Charlize Theron. Based on Andrew Neiderman's novel of the same name, it is about an unusually successful young Floridian lawyer (Reeves) invited to New York City to work for a major firm. As his wife (Theron) becomes haunted by frightening visual phenomena, the lawyer slowly begins to realize the owner of the firm (Pacino) is not what he appears to be, and is in fact the Devil.\nPacino's character, Satan, takes the guise of a human lawyer named after the author of Paradise Lost, John Milton. The story and direction contain allusions to Milton's epic, Dante Alighieri's Inferno, and the legend of Faust. An adaptation of Neiderman's novel went into a development hell during the 1990s, with Hackford gaining control of the production. Filming took place around New York City and Florida.\nThe Devil's Advocate premiered to mixed reviews, with critics crediting it for entertainment value and Pacino's performance. It made over $152 million in the box office and won the Saturn Award for Best Horror Film. It also became the subject of the copyright lawsuit Hart v. Warner Bros., Inc. for its visual art.", "Q168387": "Agatha Barbara, (11 March 1923 \u2013 4 February 2002) was a Maltese politician, having served as a Labour Member of Parliament and Minister. She was the first woman to hold the office of President of Malta, and is the longest standing woman Member of Parliament in Maltese political history.", "Q182986": "Douglas Morrow (September 13, 1913 \u2013 September 9, 1994) was a Hollywood screenwriter and film producer. He earned an Academy Award for his script for 1949's The Stratton Story, a biography of baseball player Monty Stratton, who was disabled in a hunting accident. Morrow died of an aneurysm in 1994.\nMorrow's other films included Jim Thorpe - All-American (1951) and Beyond a Reasonable Doubt. He also wrote for a number of television series.", "Q274070": "Alejandro Fernando Amen\u00e1bar Cantos (born March 31, 1972) is a Spanish-Chilean film director, screenwriter and composer. Among other honors, he has won nine Goyas and two European Film Awards and one Academy Award. He has written (or co-written) the screenplays to all six of his films and composed almost all of their soundtracks.", "Q137683": "Mary de Rachewiltz (born Mary Rudge; July 9, 1925) is an Italian-American poet and translator.", "Q22260": "Claire Conner McCaskill (; born July 24, 1953) is an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Missouri from 2007 to 2019 and the State Auditor of Missouri from 1999 to 2007.\nMcCaskill is a native of Rolla, Missouri. She graduated from the University of Missouri and the University of Missouri School of Law. A member of the Democratic Party, McCaskill served as a member of the Missouri House of Representatives from 1983 to 1989, as Jackson County Prosecutor from 1993 to 1998, and as the 34th State Auditor of Missouri from 1999 to 2007. She ran for Governor of Missouri in the 2004 election, defeating Democratic incumbent Bob Holden in the Democratic primary and losing to Republican Matt Blunt in a close general election.\nMcCaskill was first elected to the U.S. Senate in 2006. She was the second female U.S. Senator from Missouri and the first female candidate to be elected to the U.S. Senate from Missouri (Jean Carnahan was appointed upon the death of her husband). Re-elected in 2012, McCaskill was defeated in 2018 by Republican challenger Josh Hawley. As of February 2019, McCaskill is a political analyst for MSNBC and NBC and a visiting fellow at the University of Chicago Institute of Politics.", "Q291942": "Elena Yuryevna Korikova (Russian: \u0415\u043b\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u042e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430; born 12 April 1972) is a Russian theater and television actress. She is perhaps the best known for her role of Anna Platonova in television series Bednaya Nastya.\n\n", "Q2736087": "Am\u00e9d\u00e9e-Fran\u00e7ois Fr\u00e9zier (1682 \u2013 October 26, 1773) was a French military engineer, mathematician, spy, and explorer who is best remembered for bringing back five specimens of Fragaria chiloensis, the beach strawberry, from an assignment in South America, thus introducing this New World fruit to the Old.\n\n", "Q1699320": "John Benton Callis (January 3, 1828 \u2013 September 24, 1898) was an American businessman from Lancaster, Wisconsin who served as an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War and as a postbellum U.S. Representative from Alabama.", "Q181257": "Prostate cancer is the development of cancer in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. Most prostate cancers are slow growing; however, some grow relatively quickly. The cancer cells may spread from the prostate to other areas of the body, particularly the bones and lymph nodes. It may initially cause no symptoms. In later stages, it can lead to difficulty urinating, blood in the urine or pain in the pelvis, back, or when urinating. A disease known as benign prostatic hyperplasia may produce similar symptoms. Other late symptoms may include feeling tired due to low levels of red blood cells.Factors that increase the risk of prostate cancer include older age, a family history of the disease, and race. About 99% of cases occur in males over the age of 50. Having a first-degree relative with the disease increases the risk two to threefold. Other factors that may be involved include a diet high in processed meat, red meat or milk products or low in certain vegetables. An association with gonorrhea has been found, but a reason for this relationship has not been identified. An increased risk is associated with the BRCA mutations. Prostate cancer is diagnosed by biopsy. Medical imaging may then be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.Prostate cancer screening is controversial. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing increases cancer detection, but it is controversial regarding whether it improves outcomes. Informed decision making is recommended when it comes to screening among those 55 to 69 years old. Testing, if carried out, is more reasonable in those with a longer life expectancy. While 5\u03b1-reductase inhibitors appear to decrease low-grade cancer risk, they do not affect high-grade cancer risk and thus are not recommended for prevention. Supplementation with vitamins or minerals does not appear to affect the risk.Many cases are managed with active surveillance or watchful waiting. Other treatments may include a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy or chemotherapy. When it only occurs inside the prostate, it may be curable. In those in whom the disease has spread to the bones, pain medications, bisphosphonates and targeted therapy, among others, may be useful. Outcomes depend on a person's age and other health problems as well as how aggressive and extensive the cancer is. Most men with prostate cancer do not end up dying from the disease. The 5-year survival rate in the United States is 98%. Globally, it is the second most common type of cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in men. In 2018, it occurred in 1.2 million men and caused 359,000 deaths. It was the most common cancer in males in 84 countries, occurring more commonly in the developed world. Rates have been increasing in the developing world. Detection increased significantly in the 1980s and 1990s in many areas due to increased PSA testing. Studies of males who died from unrelated causes have found prostate cancer in 30% to 70% of those over age 60.", "Q85961": "Joseph (Josef) Samuel Bloch (November 20, 1850 in Dukla, Austrian Galicia (now in Poland) \u2013 1923) was an Austrian rabbi and deputy of Polish descent.", "Q199418": "David Nesta \"Ziggy\" Marley (born 17 October 1968) is a Jamaican musician and philanthropist. He is the son of reggae icon Bob Marley and Rita Marley. He led the family band Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers, with whom he released eight studio albums. He has also released seven solo albums.", "Q313941": "Brian Thomas Littrell (born February 20, 1975) is an American singer, songwriter and actor, best known as a member of the Backstreet Boys. He is also a Contemporary Christian music artist, and released the solo album, Welcome Home, in 2006. He is also the father of teen country singer Baylee Littrell.On April 10, 2015, Littrell was inducted into the Kentucky Music Hall of Fame along with his cousin and bandmate Kevin Richardson.", "Q442941": "Kokow\u00e4\u00e4h is a 2011 German film directed by Til Schweiger. It was released in German\u2013speaking countries (Germany, Austria, South Tyrol and Switzerland) on 3 February 2011. The film stars Til Schweiger, his daughter Emma Tiger Schweiger, Jasmin Gerat and Samuel Finzi. Another of Schweiger's daughters, Luna Schweiger, makes a small appearance in the film. Kokow\u00e4\u00e4h is an onomatopoetic depiction of the French pronunciation of coq au vin. A sequel, Kokow\u00e4\u00e4h 2, was released on 7 February 2013 with Schweiger having returned as director, co-writer and producer.", "Q188515": "The Los Angeles Times (sometimes abbreviated as LA Times or L.A. Times) is a daily newspaper based in El Segundo, California, which has been published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It has the fifth-largest circulation among United States newspapers, and is the largest U.S. newspaper not headquartered on the East Coast. The paper is known for its coverage of issues particularly salient to the U.S. West Coast, such as immigration trends and natural disasters. It has won more than 40 Pulitzer Prizes for its coverage of these and other issues. As of June 18, 2018, ownership of the paper is controlled by Patrick Soon-Shiong, and the executive editor is Norman Pearlstine.In the nineteenth century, the paper was known for its civic boosterism and opposition to unions, the latter of which led to the bombing of its headquarters in 1910. The paper's profile grew substantially in the 1960s under publisher Otis Chandler, who adopted a more national focus. In recent decades the paper's readership has declined, and it has been beset by a series of ownership changes, staff reductions, and other controversies. In January 2018, the paper's staff voted to unionize; they finalized their first union contract on October 16, 2019. The paper moved out of its historic downtown headquarters to a facility near Los Angeles International Airport in July 2018.", "Q102638": "Uwe Bahnsen (1930 in Hamburg \u2013 30 July 2013 in south-west France) was a German car designer. After an apprenticeship as a window dresser Bahnsen studied at the College of Fine Arts in Hamburg. From 1958 to 1986 he held various positions with Ford Europe, most recently as vice president for design. During this time his designs included the Taunus 17m and the Capri II. Bahnsen was also a motor sport enthusiast, and in the 1960s he organised a Ford Works Team. He was a team member involved with the design of the Mk1 Capri, working with chief stylist Phil Clark. \n\nBy the mid 1970s, Bahnsen had risen to become the Vice President of design for Ford of Europe, and moved the company away from the \"coke bottle\" design language of the late 1960s, towards the fashionable \"origami\" or \"folded paper\" school of design, typified in his square and angular designs for the Escort Mk II (1975), Mk IV Cortina/Taunus (1976), Granada Mk II (1978) and the Escort Mk III (1980). By the early 1980s, he had moved Ford's styling language forward again to the rounded \"aero\" look - most famously the Ford Sierra in 1982 and the Scorpio/Granada iii in 1985 - Bahnsen's final design for Ford.\nIn 1986 Bahnsen left Ford to become training director at the Art Center College of Design in La Tour-de-Peilz (Switzerland), which he ran between 1990 and 1995. In 1992 he was elected to the Executive Board of the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID) and was its president from 1995 to 1997. Uwe Bahnsen was Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, a Fellow of the Chartered Society of Designers and International Member of the Industrial Designers Society of America (IDSA).\nBahnsen directed the design of the following vehicles:\n\nFord Taunus 17m \"Bathtub\" (1960),\nFord Taunus TC TC \"Knudsen\" (1970),\nFord Capri II (1973),\nFord Taunus / Cortina IV (1976),\nFord Fiesta I (1976)\nFord Granada II (1978)\nFord Capri III, (II Facelift) (1978),\nFord Escort III (1980)\nFord Sierra (1982)\nFord Scorpio I / Granada III (1985)\nFord Transit (1986)", "Q884551": "Charles Winslow Gates (January 12, 1856 in Franklin, Vermont \u2013 July 1, 1927) was an American politician who served as the 55th Governor of the U.S. state of Vermont from 1915 to 1917.", "Q230632": "Francine Joy Drescher (born September 30, 1957) is an American actress, comedian, writer, and activist. She is best known for her role as Fran Fine in the hit TV series The Nanny (1993\u201399), and for her nasal voice and thick New York accent.\nDrescher made her screen debut with a small role in the 1977 film Saturday Night Fever, and later appeared in American Hot Wax (1978) and Wes Craven's horror tale Stranger in Our House (1978). In the 1980s, she gained recognition as a comedic actress in the films Gorp (1980), The Hollywood Knights (1980), Doctor Detroit (1983), This Is Spinal Tap (1984), and UHF (1989) while establishing a television career with guest appearances on several series. In 1993, she achieved wider fame as Fran Fine in her own sitcom vehicle The Nanny, for which she was nominated for two Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress in a Comedy Television Series during the show's run. In the 2000s, Drescher reinforced her position as a leading sitcom star with Living with Fran and Happily Divorced. Since 2012, she has starred in the animated Hotel Transylvania trilogy.\nOn February 4, 2014, Drescher made her Broadway debut in Cinderella as stepmother Madame and stars in the NBC comedy Indebted.\nA uterine cancer survivor, Drescher is an outspoken healthcare advocate and LGBT rights activist, and is noted for her work as a Public Diplomacy Envoy for Women's Health Issues for the U.S. State Department. Divorced from writer and producer Peter Marc Jacobson, she lives in Malibu, California.", "Q4932238": "Robert John Day (born 5 July 1952) is an Australian former politician and businessman who was a Senator for South Australia from 1 July 2014 to 1 November 2016. He is a former federal chairman of the Family First Party. Before entering politics, he worked in the housing industry, owning several businesses, and at one stage serving as president of the Housing Industry Association.Day was the Liberal Party of Australia candidate for the federal seat of Makin at the 2007 election and planned to be the Liberal candidate at the 2008 Mayo by-election but failed to gain preselection which resulted in his resignation from the Liberals. Day immediately joined the Family First Party and was their candidate for the by-election and their first Senate candidate on the South Australian ticket at the 2010 election and 2013 election.\nOn his fourth attempt to enter federal parliament in 2013, Day was elected to the Senate from a 3.8 per cent primary vote for the South Australian Family First Party and took office on 1 July 2014. Despite a further decline in the Family First South Australian Senate vote to 2.9 per cent he was re-elected at the 2016 double dissolution election. Elected to the 12th and final South Australian Senate spot, Day's term was due to expire on 30 June 2019.Following the liquidation of Home Australia Group, Day announced his intention to resign from the Senate. However, he stated that a potential new investor had expressed interest in the business, that there was too much important work for the Family First Senate seat to be vacant for even one day and that therefore he would not resign before the year's end. However, Day resigned on 1 November 2016 after stating that the investor had backed out.On 5 April 2017 the High Court held that Day's re-election to the Senate in July 2016 was invalid, since he'd had an \"indirect pecuniary interest\" in an agreement with the Commonwealth since at least February 2016. As a result, he had not been eligible to sit as a Senator from at least February 2016 onward by reason of section 44(v) of the Constitution.", "Q924": "Tanzania (, Swahili: [tanza\u02c8ni.a]), officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to the south; Zambia to the southwest; and Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania.\nMany important hominid fossils have been found in Tanzania, such as 6-million-year-old Pliocene hominid fossils. The genus Australopithecus ranged all over Africa 4 to 2 million years ago; and the oldest remains of the genus Homo are found near Lake Olduvai. Following the rise of Homo erectus 1.8 million years ago, humanity spread all over the Old World, and later in the New World and Australia under the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens also overtook Africa and absorbed the older archaic species and subspecies of humanity. One of the oldest known ethnic groups still existing, the Hadzabe, appears to have originated in Tanzania, and their oral history recalls ancestors who were tall and were the first to use fire, medicine, and lived in caves, much like Homo erectus or Homo heidelbergensis who lived in the same region before them.\nLater in the Stone and Bronze Age, prehistoric migrations into Tanzania included Southern Cushitic speakers who moved south from present-day Ethiopia; Eastern Cushitic people who moved into Tanzania from north of Lake Turkana about 2,000 and 4,000 years ago; and the Southern Nilotes, including the Datoog, who originated from the present-day South Sudan\u2013Ethiopia border region between 2,900 and 2,400 years ago. These movements took place at about the same time as the settlement of the Mashariki Bantu from West Africa in the Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika areas. They subsequently migrated across the rest of Tanzania between 2,300 and 1,700 years ago.German rule began in mainland Tanzania during the late 19th century when Germany formed German East Africa. This was followed by British rule after World War I. The mainland was governed as Tanganyika, with the Zanzibar Archipelago remaining a separate colonial jurisdiction. Following their respective independence in 1961 and 1963, the two entities merged in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania.The United Nations estimated Tanzania's 2018 population at 56.31 million, which is slightly smaller than South Africa, making it the second most populous country located entirely south of the Equator. The population is composed of about 120 ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups. The sovereign state of Tanzania is a presidential constitutional republic and since 1996 its official capital city has been Dodoma where the president's office, the National Assembly, and some government ministries are located. Dar es Salaam, the former capital, retains most government offices and is the country's largest city, principal port, and leading commercial centre. Tanzania is a de facto one-party state with the democratic socialist Chama Cha Mapinduzi party in power.\nTanzania is mountainous and densely forested in the north-east, where Mount Kilimanjaro is located. Three of Africa's Great Lakes are partly within Tanzania. To the north and west lie Lake Victoria, Africa's largest lake, and Lake Tanganyika, the continent's deepest lake, known for its unique species of fish. To the south lies Lake Malawi. The eastern shore is hot and humid, with the Zanzibar Archipelago just offshore. The Menai Bay Conservation Area is Zanzibar's largest marine protected area. The Kalambo Falls, located on the Kalambo River at the Zambian border, is the second highest uninterrupted waterfall in Africa.Over 100 different languages are spoken in Tanzania, making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa. The country does not have a de jure official language, although the national language is Swahili. Swahili is used in parliamentary debate, in the lower courts, and as a medium of instruction in primary school. English is used in foreign trade, in diplomacy, in higher courts, and as a medium of instruction in secondary and higher education, although the Tanzanian government is planning to discontinue English as a language of instruction altogether. Approximately 10 percent of Tanzanians speak Swahili as a first language, and up to 90 percent speak it as a second language.", "Q3272069": "Art Center College of Design (stylized as ArtCenter College of Design) is a nonprofit, private college located in Pasadena, California.", "Q324135": "Victor Bockris (born 1949) is an English-born, U.S.-based author, primarily of biographies of artists, writers, and musicians.\nHe has written about Lou Reed (and The Velvet Underground), Andy Warhol, Keith Richards, William S. Burroughs, Terry Southern, Blondie, Patti Smith, and Muhammad Ali. He also helped write the autobiographies of John Cale and Bebe Buell.Bockris was born in Sussex, England in 1949; his family moved to Pennsylvania when he was four years old. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, where both his parents worked, in 1971. While still in Philadelphia, he founded Telegraph Books.He moved to New York City in 1973 and became an associate of Warhol and Burroughs. He worked for Warhol at the Factory and published many pieces in Warhol's magazine Interview, often in collaboration with Andrew Wylie, now best known as a literary agent. As well as Interview, Bockris also published work in High Times, Gadfly and Drummer.Bockris' book Beat Punks explores the relationship between artistic bohemians of the 1950s (the Beats) and the 1970s (the Punks).", "Q181243": "Agyness Deyn (; born Laura Michelle Hollins; 16 February 1983) is an English model and actress.", "Q78608": "Carl Djerassi (October 29, 1923 \u2013 January 30, 2015) was an Austrian-born Bulgarian-American chemist, novelist, playwright and co-founder of Djerassi Resident Artists Program with Diane Wood Middlebrook. He is best known for his contribution to the development of oral contraceptive pills, nicknamed the father of the pill.", "Q499189": "Merced (Spanish for \"Mercy\") is a city in, and the county seat of, Merced County, California, United States, in the San Joaquin Valley. As of 2018, the city had a population of 83,316. Incorporated on April 1, 1889, Merced is a charter city that operates under a council-manager government. It is named after the Merced River, which flows nearby.\nMerced, known as the \"Gateway to Yosemite,\" is less than two hours by automobile from Yosemite National Park to the east and Monterey Bay, the Pacific Ocean, and multiple beaches to the west. The community is served by the passenger rail service Amtrak, a minor, heavily subsidized airline through Merced Regional Airport, and three bus lines. It is approximately 110 miles (180 km) from Sacramento, 130 miles (210 km) from San Francisco, 45 miles (72 km) from Fresno, and 270 miles (430 km) from Los Angeles.\nIn 2005, the city became home to the 10th University of California campus, University of California, Merced (UC Merced), the first research university built in the U.S. in the 21st century.\n\n", "Q529886": "Ralph Vinton Lyon Hartley (November 30, 1888 \u2013 May 1, 1970) was an American electronics researcher. He invented the Hartley oscillator and the Hartley transform, and contributed to the foundations of information theory.", "Q2003501": "", "Q260011": "Geraldine Brooks (born 14 September 1955) is an Australian-American journalist and novelist whose 2005 novel March won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.\n\n", "Q191050": "Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce (June 24, 1842 \u2013 circa 1914) was an American short story writer, journalist, poet, and Civil War veteran. His book The Devil's Dictionary was named as one of \"The 100 Greatest Masterpieces of American Literature\" by the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration. His story \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\" has been described as \"one of the most famous and frequently anthologized stories in American literature\"; and his book Tales of Soldiers and Civilians (also published as In the Midst of Life) was named by the Grolier Club as one of the 100 most influential American books printed before 1900.A prolific and versatile writer, Bierce was regarded as one of the most influential journalists in the United States, and as a pioneering writer of realist fiction. For his horror writing, Michael Dirda ranked him alongside Edgar Allan Poe and H. P. Lovecraft. His war stories influenced Stephen Crane, Ernest Hemingway, and others, and he was considered an influential and feared literary critic. In recent decades Bierce has gained wider respect as a fabulist and for his poetry.In December 1913, Bierce traveled to Chihuahua, Mexico, to gain first-hand experience of the Mexican Revolution. He disappeared, and was rumored to be traveling with rebel troops. He was never seen again.", "Q67728": "Iragna is a former municipality in the district of Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Cresciano, Lodrino and Osogna merged into the new municipality of Riviera.\n\n", "Q70254": "Romanel-sur-Lausanne is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Lausanne.", "Q285923": "Downset. (sometimes stylized in lower-case letters, originally called Social Justice) is an American rap metal band from Los Angeles, California. The band's music blends hip hop, funk, hardcore punk and heavy metal with \"socially aware lyrics.\"", "Q709522": "William Brodie (28 September 1741 \u2013 1 October 1788), often known by his title of Deacon Brodie, was a Scottish cabinet-maker, deacon of a trades guild, and Edinburgh city councillor, who maintained a secret life as a housebreaker, partly for the thrill, and partly to fund his gambling.\n\n", "Q23013972": "Surselva Region is one of the eleven administrative districts in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2017 as part of a reorganization of the canton.Surselva Region has an area of 1,373.56 square kilometers (530.33 sq mi), with a population of 21,483 as of 31 December 2018.. \nIt corresponds exactly to its predecessor, Surselva District, but the former subdistricts (Kreise) of Disentis, Ilanz, Lumnezia/Lugnez, Ruis and Safien have been abandoned.\nSurselva (\"above the forest\") is the name of the valley of the Anterior Rhine in the local (Sursilvan) dialect of Romansh. The eponymous forest is that of the Flims rockslide; the region \"below the forest\" is Sutselva, where the Sutsilvan dialect used to be spoken.", "Q230626": "Dame Wendy Margaret Hiller, (15 August 1912 \u2013 14 May 2003) was an English film and stage actress, who enjoyed a varied acting career that spanned nearly sixty years. The writer Joel Hirschorn, in his 1984 compilation Rating the Movie Stars, described her as \"a no-nonsense actress who literally took command of the screen whenever she appeared on film\". Despite many notable film performances, she chose to remain primarily a stage actress.\nShe won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Separate Tables (1958).", "Q809107": "Barry Ulanov (April 10, 1918 \u2013 April 30, 2000) was an American writer, perhaps best known as a jazz critic.", "Q76625": "Robert Havemann (11 March 1910 \u2013 9 April 1982) was a chemist, and an East German dissident.\n\n", "Q125293": "Puebla (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8pwe\u03b2la]; English: Colony, settlement; Nahuatl languages: Cuetlaxcoapan), known in Spanish as Puebla de Zaragoza, formally Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza and in colonial times as Puebla de los \u00c1ngeles, is the seat of Puebla Municipality, the capital and largest city of the state of Puebla, and the second largest in colonial Mexico and the richest Catholic diocese. A colonial era planned city, it is located in (southern) Central Mexico on the main route between the capital, Mexico City, and Mexico's main Atlantic port, Veracruz\u2014about 100 km (62 mi) east southeast of Mexico City and about 220 km (140 mi) west of Veracruz.The city was founded in 1531 in an area called Cuetlaxcoapan, which means \"where serpents change their skin\", in between of two of the main indigenous settlements at the time, Tlaxcala and Cholula. This valley was not populated in the 16th century, as in the pre-Hispanic period this area was primarily used for the \"flower wars\" between a number of populations. Due to its history and architectural styles ranging from Renaissance to Mexican Baroque, the city was named a World Heritage Site in 1987. The city is also famous for mole poblano, chiles en nogada and Talavera pottery. However, most of its economy is based on industry.Being both the fourth largest city in Mexico and the fourth largest Metropolitan area in Mexico, it has a current population of 3,250,000 people, and the city serves as one of the main hubs for eastern Central Mexico. Many students come from all over the country to study in its many renowned and prestigious universities, such as BUAP, UDLAP, Ibero, UPAEP and Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, among others. The city also excels because of its industry, with the world's largest Volkswagen factory outside Germany located in the Municipality of Cuautlancingo and Audi plant in San Jos\u00e9 Chiapa being the most technologically advanced plant in the western hemisphere. As a result, many suppliers to Volkswagen and Audi assembly plants have opened factories in the metropolitan area of Puebla.\n\n", "Q4867211": "Basil Marceaux, Sr. (born May 26, 1952) is an American perennial candidate\nwho has on multiple occasions run for state and federal public office in Tennessee.\nMost recently, he filed as a candidate for the 2010 Republican nominations for governor in the Tennessee gubernatorial election and U.S. House of Representatives in Tennessee's 3rd congressional district. Owing in part to his unconventional viewpoints, his 2010 campaign for Governor became something of a media sensation.Marceaux previously ran unsuccessfully as a candidate for United States Senate and House of Representatives and ran unsuccessfully for Tennessee governor in 2002 as an independent candidate.", "Q257865": "Robin Antin (born July 6, 1961) is an American actress, entrepreneur, dancer, choreographer and clothing designer. In 1995, she founded the modern burlesque troupe the Pussycat Dolls. By 2005, she diversified into various media including a pop recording group with international hits, a Las Vegas nightclub venue and floorshow, various merchandise, and a reality television series. Since then, she has gone on to create other girl groups, including G.R.L., Girlicious and Paradiso Girls.\nAs a choreographer, Antin worked with entertainers such as Paris Hilton, and artists such as Anastacia, Pink, the Offspring and No Doubt. Additionally, she was responsible for the dance ensembles in various films.\nShe is the sister of celebrity hair stylist Jonathan Antin, director Steve Antin and actor Neil Antin. She appeared in an episode of her brother Jonathan's show Blow Out.\nOn January 2, 2010, Antin, Tony Selznick, and Paula Abdul presented choreography agent Julie McDonald with an award for being a pioneer of dance representation and a friend, helper, and agent to many choreographers for over 25 years. The award was presented at The Carnival: Choreographer's Ball 11th Anniversary Show.She was a judge on the Lifetime reality television show Abby's Ultimate Dance Competition in Season 1.", "Q1658568": "Sir John Wolfe Barry (7 December 1836 \u2013 22 January 1918), the youngest son of famous architect Sir Charles Barry, was an English civil engineer of the late 19th and early 20th century. His most famous project is Tower Bridge over the River Thames in London which was constructed 1886\u20131894. After receiving a knighthood in 1897, he added \"Wolfe\" to his inherited name in 1898 to become Sir John Wolfe Barry.", "Q61359": "Johann Arndt (or Arnd; 27 December 1555 \u2013 11 May 1621) was a German Lutheran theologian who wrote several influential books of devotional Christianity. Although reflective of the period of Lutheran Orthodoxy, he is seen as a forerunner of pietism, a movement within Lutheranism that gained strength in the late 17th century.", "Q158250": "Peter Bogdanovich (born July 30, 1939) is an American director, writer, actor, producer, critic and film historian. He is part of the wave of \"New Hollywood\" directors, and his most critically acclaimed and well-known film is the drama The Last Picture Show (1971).\nBogdanovich also directed the thriller Targets (1968), the screwball comedy What's Up, Doc? (1972), the comedy-drama Paper Moon (1973), They All Laughed (1981), the drama Mask (1985), and The Cat's Meow (2001). His most recent film, She's Funny That Way, was released in 2014.", "Q2047343": "Flair Records was an American record label owned by the Bihari brothers, launched in the early 1950s. It was a subsidiary of Modern Records. Its most famous artist were Elmore James, who released ten singles with this label (as listed below), Richard Berry, and Ike Turner who was a session musician and also released a single on the label. Flair is believed to have issued 80 singles total between 1953 and 1955.", "Q599823": "Antonio Bartolomeo Bruni (January 28, 1757 \u2013 August 6, 1821) was an Italian violinist, composer and conductor. Bruni was born and died in Cuneo, Italy. During most of his life he resided, played and composed in Paris.\nc.1791 (at the height of the French 'terror'). He is the author of 'Un Inventaire sous la terreur' which lists musical instruments recovered from noble households. This inventory was published: J. Gallay, ed. (Paris: Georges Chamerot, 1890). According to the scholarly work 'The Hurdy-Gurdy in Eighteenth-Century France' by Robert E. Green ( Indiana University Press, 1995) where the Bruni text is footnoted, the author says of Bruni inventory \" from 111 noble households ( it ) lists six which possessed vielles (hurdy-gurdies).\" p. 17. More light is (perhaps) shed in the fictional novel The Piano Tuner by Daniel Mason where this affair is again referred to thus: \"A Temporary Commission of Arts was set up and ... Bruni ... was named Director of the Inventory. For fourteen months he collected the instruments of the condemmed [sic?]. In all, over three hundred were gathered, and each carries its own tragic tale.\" He goes on to say that 64 were pianofortes.", "Q3847166": "Lim Boon Keng OBE (18 October 1868 \u2013 1 January 1957) was a Peranakan physician who promoted social and educational reforms in Singapore in the early 20th-century. He also served as president of Xiamen University in China from 1921 to 1937.", "Q666697": "Primal Scream are a Scottish rock band originally formed in 1982 in Glasgow by Bobby Gillespie (vocals) and Jim Beattie. The band's current lineup consists of Gillespie, Andrew Innes (guitar), Martin Duffy (keyboards), Simone Butler (bass), and Darrin Mooney (drums). Barrie Cadogan has toured and recorded with the band since 2006 as a replacement after the departure of guitarist Robert \"Throb\" Young.\nPrimal Scream had been performing live from 1982 to 1984, but their career did not take off until Gillespie left his position as drummer of The Jesus and Mary Chain. The band were a key part of the mid-1980s indie pop scene, but eventually moved away from their jangly sound, taking on more psychedelic and garage rock influences, before incorporating a dance music element to their sound with their 1991 album Screamadelica, which broke them into the mainstream. Their latest album Chaosmosis was released on 18 March 2016.", "Q136589": "Serapio Calder\u00f3n Chirinos (1843, Paucartambo, Peru \u2013 3 April 1922, Cusco, Peru) served as Interim President of Peru, officially as the President of the Government Junta, from May 7, 1904 to September 24, 1904.\nCalder\u00f3n was born in Paucartambo (Cusco Region) in 1843. He was elected second vice president with Manuel Candamo in 1903. The first vice president was Lino Alarco, who had died before his investiture. Under such circumstance, Calder\u00f3n had to assume the presidency on May 7, 1904 after the death of Candamo. Calderon called for elections and Jos\u00e9 Pardo y Barreda of the Civilista Party was declared the winner. He governed until September 24, 1904, before he was succeeded by Pardo.\nHe died in Cusco on 3 April 1922.", "Q43846": "Catlow is a 1971 Western film, based on a 1963 novel of the same name by Louis L'Amour. It stars Yul Brynner as a renegade outlaw determined to pull off a Confederate gold heist. It co-stars Richard Crenna and Leonard Nimoy. Nimoy mentioned this film in both of his autobiographies because it gave him a chance to break away from his role as Spock on Star Trek. He mentioned that the time he made the film was one of the happiest of his life, even though his part was rather brief. The film contains a lot of tongue-in-cheek and sardonic humor, especially between Brynner and Crenna's characters.", "Q88289": "Otto Devrient (born 3 October 1838 in Berlin; \u2020 23 June 1894 in Stettin) was a German actor and playwright.\nDevrient was the son of Philipp Eduard Devrient. He first went on stage in 1856, training in Stuttgart, Berlin and Leipzig. In 1863, he entered the Hoftheater in Karlsruhe, and moved to the Hoftheater in Weimar in 1873 as character role actor and director.\nThere, he made an impression with his staging of Goethes Faust. In 1876, he became chief director of the Hoftheater in Mannheim, in 1877 intendant of the new municipal theatre in Frankfurt, and after a tour through Berlin, Cologne, and D\u00fcsseldorf, he settled in Jena, where he received a PhD h.c.. In 1884, he became director of the Hoftheater in Oldenburg.", "Q274064": "Viviane Senna Lalli (n\u00e9e Senna da Silva; born 14 June 1957) is a Brazilian entrepreneur and philanthropist. She is sister of the racing driver and three-times Formula 1 world champion Ayrton Senna (1960\u20131994), and mother of the driver Bruno Senna (*1983).She is president of the Ayrton Senna Foundation, established in London in June 1994 and also of the Instituto Ayrton Senna organization, headquartered in S\u00e3o Paulo since November 1994.", "Q185025": "Rainier III (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; 31 May 1923 \u2013 6 April 2005) was the Prince of Monaco from 1949 to his death in 2005. Rainier ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs in European history. Though internationally known for his marriage to American actress Grace Kelly, he was also responsible for reforms to Monaco's constitution and for expanding the principality's economy from its traditional casino gambling base to its current tax haven role. Gambling accounts for only approximately three per cent of the nation's annual revenue today; when Rainier ascended the throne in 1949, it accounted for more than 95 per cent.", "Q64221": "Zufikon is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q384397": "The African Queen is a 1951 British-American adventure film adapted from the 1935 novel of the same name by C. S. Forester. The film was directed by John Huston and produced by Sam Spiegel and John Woolf. The screenplay was adapted by James Agee, John Huston, John Collier and Peter Viertel. It was photographed in Technicolor by Jack Cardiff and has a music score by Allan Gray. The film stars Humphrey Bogart (who won the Academy Award for Best Actor \u2013 his only Oscar), and Katharine Hepburn with Robert Morley, Peter Bull, Walter Gotell, Richard Marner and Theodore Bikel.The African Queen was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry in 1994, with the Library of Congress deeming it \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\". The film holds a 98% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 41 reviews.", "Q263518": "Iverson Minter (March 23, 1932 \u2013 February 25, 2012), known as Louisiana Red, was an American blues guitarist, harmonica player, and singer, who recorded more than 50 albums. He was best known for his song Sweet Blood Call.", "Q195236": "Francisco Alejandro P\u00e9rez Mart\u00ednez (11 May 1932 \u2013 28 August 2007), better known as Francisco Umbral, was a Spanish journalist, novelist, biographer and essayist.", "Q658779": "Nina Maria Stemme (born Nina Maria Th\u00f6ldte on May 11, 1963) is a Swedish dramatic soprano opera singer.\nStemme \"is regarded by today's opera fans as our era's greatest Wagnerian soprano\". In 2010, Michael Kimmelman wrote of one of Stemme's performances in Richard Wagner's opera Die Walk\u00fcre, \"As for Br\u00fcnnhilde, Nina Stemme sang gloriously. It's hard to recall anyone's sounding more commanding or at ease in the part, and that includes Kirsten Flagstad\".\n\n", "Q290490": "Bogus is a 1996 American fantasy film directed by Norman Jewison, written by Alvin Sargent, and starring Whoopi Goldberg, G\u00e9rard Depardieu, and Haley Joel Osment. It features magic tricks with magician Whit Haydn as consultant. It did poorly at the box office and Goldberg was nominated for a Razzie Award for her performance. It was filmed in Canada and New Jersey.", "Q7888586": "In the field of engineering, a chemical engineer is a professional, who is equipped with the knowledge of chemical engineering, works principally in the chemical industry to convert basic raw materials into a variety of products, and deals with the design and operation of plants and equipment. In general, a chemical engineer is one who applies and uses principles of chemical engineering in any of its various practical applications; these often include 1) design, manufacture, and operation of plants and machinery in industrial chemical and related processes (\"chemical process engineers\"); 2) development of new or adapted substances for products ranging from foods and beverages to cosmetics to cleaners to pharmaceutical ingredients, among many other products (\"chemical product engineers\"); and 3) development of new technologies such as fuel cells, hydrogen power and nanotechnology, as well as working in fields wholly or partially derived from chemical engineering such as materials science, polymer engineering, and biomedical engineering.\n\n", "Q63228": "Nora Marie Tschirner (born 12 June 1981) is a German film actress, musician and former television and radio presenter.", "Q74754": "Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen (10 August 1710 \u2013 22 October 1767) was a member of German royalty. She was born in Meiningen, the daughter of Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha. She was the wife of Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.", "Q232757": "Gabrielle Anwar (born 4 February 1970) is an English-American actress known for her roles as Sam Black in the second series of Press Gang, Margaret Tudor on The Tudors, Fiona Glenanne on Burn Notice, Lady Tremaine in the seventh season of Once Upon a Time, and for dancing the tango with Al Pacino in Scent of a Woman.", "Q55942": "Jerzy Krzysztof Hausner (born 6 October 1949, in \u015awinouj\u015bcie) is a Polish politician and economist. He is a Member of the 4th Sejm (Parliament) of the Republic of Poland.", "Q185743": "Ann Mari Falk (December 19, 1916 \u2013 July 27, 1988) was a Swedish writer and translator.The daughter of Ingeborg Larsen and Fritz S\u00f6derbergh, she was born Ann-Marie S\u00f6derbergh in Stockholm. Her brother Bengt was also a writer. She worked for the insurance company Hansa from 1935 to 1951. Falk published her first novel Fruntimmer in 1944. She later translated children's literature from Danish and Norwegian into Swedish.Falk won a competition sponsored by publisher Wahlstr\u00f6m & Widstrand in 1950. She won the Tidningen Vi:s litteraturpris in 1953 and the Astrid Lindgren Prize in 1968.She was married twice: first to Jan Falk, a journalist, in 1935 and then to the writer Uno Eng in 1948. Falk and Eng had a son.Falk died at the age of 71.", "Q712102": "Du Shi (Chinese: \u675c\u8a69; pinyin: D\u00f9 Sh\u012b; Wade\u2013Giles: Tu Shih, d. 38) was a Chinese inventor, mechanical engineer, metallurgist, and politician of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Du Shi is credited with being the first to apply hydraulic power (i.e. a waterwheel) to operate bellows (air-blowing device) in metallurgy. His invention was used to operate piston-bellows of the blast furnace and then cupola furnace in order to forge cast iron, which had been known in China since the 6th century BC. He worked as a censorial officer and administrator of several places during the reign of Emperor Guangwu of Han. He also led a brief military campaign in which he eliminated a small bandit army under Yang Yi (d. 26).", "Q3030584": "Marc Bolland (born 28 March 1959) is a Dutch businessman, who was the CEO of Marks & Spencer, after having been CEO of UK supermarket company Morrisons.", "Q194896": "William Rees-Mogg, Baron Rees-Mogg (14 July 1928 \u2013 29 December 2012) was a British newspaper journalist who was Editor of The Times from 1967 to 1981. In the late 1970s, he served as High Sheriff of Somerset, and in the 1980s was Chairman of the Arts Council of Great Britain and Vice-Chairman of the BBC's Board of Governors. He was the father of the politicians Jacob and Annunziata Rees-Mogg.", "Q13917": "\u00cele-de-France (, French: [il d\u0259 f\u0281\u0251\u0303s] (listen); literally \"Island of France\") is the most populous of the 18 regions of France. It is located in the north-central part of the country and often called the r\u00e9gion parisienne (\"Paris Region\") because it includes the city of Paris. \u00cele-de-France is densely populated and economically important: it covers only 12,012 square kilometres (4,638 square miles), about 2% of France's territory, but has an official estimated population of 12,213,364 (18.2% of the population of France) and accounts for nearly 30% of the French Gross Domestic Product (GDP).The region is made up of eight administrative departments: Paris, Essonne, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Seine-et-Marne, Val-de-Marne, Val-d'Oise and Yvelines. It was created as the \"District of the Paris Region\" in 1961 and renamed in 1976 after the historic province of \u00cele-de-France, when its status was aligned with the other French administrative regions created in 1972. Residents are sometimes referred to as Franciliens, an administrative word created in the 1980s. The GDP of the region in 2016 was \u20ac681 billion (or US$850 billion at market exchange rates). It has the highest per-capita GDP among regions in France and the third-highest of regions in the European Union. In 2018, almost all of the twenty-eight French companies listed in the Fortune Global 500 had their headquarters in the Paris Region.Besides the landmarks of Paris, the region has many important historic sites, including the Palace of Versailles and the Palace of Fontainebleau, as well as the most-visited tourist attraction in France, Disneyland Paris. The poverty rate in \u00cele-de-France was 15.9% in 2015, compared with 12.3% in 2006. The region is also increasingly unequal. Housing prices have pushed the less affluent outside Paris.", "Q64547": "Killwangen is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q369747": "War film is a film genre concerned with warfare, typically about naval, air, or land battles, with combat scenes central to the drama. It has been strongly associated with the 20th century. The fateful nature of battle scenes means that war films often end with them. Themes explored include combat, survival and escape, camaraderie between soldiers, sacrifice, the futility and inhumanity of battle, the effects of war on society, and the moral and human issues raised by war. War films are often categorized by their milieu, such as the Korean War; the most popular subject is the Second World War. The stories told may be fiction, historical drama, or biographical. Critics have noted similarities between the Western and the war film.\nNations such as China, Indonesia, Japan, and Russia have their own traditions of war film, centred on their own revolutionary wars but taking varied forms, from action and historical drama to wartime romance.\nSubgenres, not necessarily distinct, include anti-war, comedy, animated, propaganda, and documentary. There are similarly subgenres of the war film in specific theatres such as the Western Desert of North Africa, the Pacific in the Second World War, or Vietnam; and films set in specific domains of war, such as the infantry, the air, at sea, in submarines or at prisoner of war camps.", "Q121793": "Meinrad Lienert (21 May 1865 - 26 December 1933) was a Swiss writer, poet and journalist. He was most noted for his works in the Swiss German language.", "Q98924": "Herbert Nachbar (12 February 1930 in Greifswald \u2013 25 May 1980 in East Berlin) was a German writer resident in the German Democratic Republic.", "Q34370": "Rotterdam (, UK also ; Dutch: [\u02ccr\u0254t\u0259r\u02c8d\u0251m] (listen)) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, at the mouth of the Nieuwe Maas channel leading into the Rhine\u2013Meuse\u2013Scheldt delta at the North Sea. Its history goes back to 1270, when a dam was constructed in the Rotte. In 1340, Rotterdam was granted city rights by the Count of Holland. The Rotterdam\u2013The Hague metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 2.7 million, is the 13th-largest in the European Union and the most populous in the country. \nA major logistic and economic centre, Rotterdam is Europe's largest seaport. In 2020, it had a population of 651,446 and is home to over 180 nationalities. Rotterdam is known for its university, riverside setting, lively cultural life, maritime heritage and modern architecture. The near-complete destruction of the city centre in the World War II Rotterdam Blitz has resulted in a varied architectural landscape, including sky-scrapers designed by architects such as Rem Koolhaas, Piet Blom and Ben van Berkel.The Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt give waterway access into the heart of Western Europe, including the highly industrialized Ruhr. The extensive distribution system including rail, roads, and waterways have earned Rotterdam the nicknames \"Gateway to Europe\" and \"Gateway to the World\".", "Q8073903": "Zone 4 is an American record label created as a joint venture between the producer Polow da Don and Interscope Records.", "Q213799": "Albrecht Georg Haushofer (7 January 1903 \u2013 23 April 1945) was a German geographer, diplomat, author and member of the German Resistance to Nazism.", "Q451929": "Douglas Southall Freeman (May 16, 1886 \u2013 June 13, 1953) was an American historian, biographer, newspaper editor, radio commentator, and author. He is best known for his multi-volume biographies of Robert E. Lee and George Washington, for both of which he was awarded Pulitzer Prizes.\n\n", "Q324647": "Edi M\u016be Gathegi (born March 10, 1979) is a Kenyan American actor. He appeared as recurring character Dr. Jeffrey Cole (aka \"Big Love\") in the television series House, as Cheese in the 2007 film Gone Baby Gone, as Laurent in the films Twilight and its sequel The Twilight Saga: New Moon, and as Darwin in X-Men: First Class. He also featured in the AMC series, Into the Badlands, as Baron Jacobee. He has also been a recurring character in NBC's television series, The Blacklist as Matias Solomon, an operative for a covert organization. Gathegi reprised the role in the 2016\u20132017 season crime thriller, The Blacklist: Redemption.", "Q1900440": "Mark Jerome Steedman, FBA, FRSE (born 18 September 1946) is a computational linguist and cognitive scientist.", "Q93871": "Charles van Lerberghe (21 October 1861 at Ghent, Belgium, died 26 October 1907 in Brussels) was a Flemish (Belgian) symbolist poet writing in French. He was a member of La Jeune Belgique movement.\nHis poetry was set by Gabriel Faur\u00e9 in the song cycles La chanson d'\u00c8ve and Le jardin clos. His macabre drama Les Flaireurs was translated into English by the Scottish writer and critic William Sharp and published as The Night-Comers in The Evergreen: A Northern Seasonal: Book of Autumn in 1895.", "Q46080": "Victoria Jackson (born August 2, 1959) is an American actress, comedian, and singer who was a cast member of the NBC television sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live (SNL) from 1986 to 1992.\n\n", "Q187154": "The Day the Earth Stood Still is a 2008 American science fiction thriller film and a loose adaptation of the 1951 film of the same name. The screenplay by David Scarpa is based on the 1940 classic science fiction short story \"Farewell to the Master\" by Harry Bates and the 1951 screenplay adaptation by Edmund H. North.\nDirected by Scott Derrickson and starring Keanu Reeves as Klaatu, this version replaces the Cold War theme of nuclear warfare with the contemporary issue of humankind's environmental damage to the planet. It follows Klaatu, an alien sent to try to change human behavior or eradicate humans from Earth.\nThe film was originally scheduled for release on May 9, 2008, but was released on a roll-out schedule beginning December 12, 2008, screening in both conventional and IMAX theaters. The critical reviews were mainly negative, with 186 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes showing only 21% of them were positive; typically the film was found to be \"heavy on special effects, but without a coherent story at its base\". In its opening week, the film took the top spot at the U.S. box office and went on to gross over $233 million worldwide. The Day the Earth Stood Still was released on home video on April 7, 2009.\n\n", "Q322236": "Roosevelt Sykes (January 31, 1906 \u2013 July 17, 1983) was an American blues musician, also known as \"The Honeydripper\".", "Q229411": "The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206\u20131526). Five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206\u201390), the Khalji dynasty (1290\u20131320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320\u20131414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414\u201351), and the Lodi dynasty (1451\u20131526). \nThe sultanate is noted for its integration of the Indian subcontinent into a global cosmopolitan culture (as seen concretely in the development of the Hindustani language and Indo-Islamic architecture), being one of the few powers to repel attacks by the Mongols (from the Chagatai Khanate) and for enthroning one of the few female rulers in Islamic history, Razia Sultana, who reigned from 1236 to 1240. However, it was also responsible for the large-scale desecration of Hindu and Buddhist temples (leading to the decline of Buddhism in East India and Bengal), the destruction of universities and libraries, and for presiding over a decline in India's share of world GDP.Qutb al-Din Aibak, a former Turkic Mamluk slave of Muhammad Ghori was the founder of Delhi Sultnate, and his Mamluk dynasty conquered large areas of northern India. Afterwards, the Khalji dynasty was also able to conquer most of central India, but both failed to conquer the whole of the Indian subcontinent. The sultanate reached the peak of its geographical reach during the Turco-Indian Tughlaq dynasty, occupying most of the Indian subcontinent. This was followed by decline due to Hindu reconquests, states such as the Vijayanagara Empire and Mewar asserting independence, and new Muslim sultanates such as the Bengal Sultanate breaking off. In 1526, the Sultanate was conquered and succeeded by the Mughal Empire.", "Q236531": "Teddy Natalia Noemi Sinclair (n\u00e9e Cappuccini; born 15 August 1986), is an English singer, songwriter and actress. She has recorded music under various aliases including most famously Natalia Kills and Verbalicious. She is currently the lead vocalist of the band Cruel Youth, also known as The Powder Room.\nAs Natalia Kills, Sinclair released the studio albums Perfectionist (2011) and Trouble (2013). In 2014, she married fellow singer Willy Moon. The following year, the couple served as judges on the second season of the New Zealand version of The X Factor, but after the season's first live show, they were fired after their controversial remarks towards a contestant. As of July 2015, she now goes by and performs under her legal name Teddy Sinclair. In 2016, she started a three piece girl band, Cruel Youth, with whom she has released the EP, +30mg (2016).\nHer biggest commercial singles were the BVMI gold-certified singles \"Mirrors\" (2010), \"Free\" with Will.i.am, and the UK-top 40 hit, \"Champagne Showers\" with American pop duo LMFAO. She has additionally written songs for Angel Haze, Madonna, and Rihanna.", "Q60721": "Dom Ferdinand II (Portuguese: Fernando II) (29 October 1816 \u2013 15 December 1885) was a German prince of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koh\u00e1ry, and King of Portugal jure uxoris as the husband of Queen Maria II, from the birth of their first son in 1837 to her death in 1853.\nIn keeping with Portuguese law, only after the birth of his son in 1837 did he acquire the title of king. Ferdinand's reign came to an end with the death of his wife in 1853, but he served as regent for his son and successor, King Pedro V, until 1855.", "Q267018": "Stepmom is a 1998 American comedy-drama film directed by Chris Columbus and starring Julia Roberts, Susan Sarandon, and Ed Harris. Sarandon won the San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress and Harris won the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor, sharing the win with his role in The Truman Show.", "Q211165": "Asiana Airlines Inc. (Korean: \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\ub098\ud56d\uacf5; Hanja: \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\ub098\u822a\u7a7a; RR: Asiana Hanggong KRX: 020560; formerly Seoul Airlines) is South Korea's second-largest airline, behind Korean Air. Asiana is headquartered at the Asiana Town building in Seoul. In 2018, it accounted for a 19% share of the domestic market and a 16% share of the international market. The airline has its domestic hub at Gimpo International Airport and its international hub at Incheon International Airport (70 kilometres (43 mi) from central Seoul) and Gimhae International Airport.\nAs a member of Star Alliance, it operates 14 domestic and 90 international passenger routes, and 27 cargo routes throughout Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania. As of December 2014, the company employs 10,183 people. The majority of Asiana's pilots, ground staff and flight attendants are based in Seoul. Asiana Airlines is the largest shareholder in Air Busan, a low-cost regional carrier joint venture with Busan Metropolitan City. The airline also holds 100% share of Air Seoul, a subsidiary and its own low-cost carrier.", "Q78185": "Ina M\u00fcller (born July 25, 1965) is a German singer-songwriter, comedian, television host, and author.", "Q124600": "Werner Sutermeister (1868\u20131939) is a Swiss writer well known for his spoonerisms.", "Q1406453": "Fern Kinney (born Fern Kinney-Lewis, July 11, 1949), is an American R&B and disco singer, who is best remembered for her releases, \"Groove Me\" and \"Together We Are Beautiful\".", "Q550376": "The University of Baghdad (UOB) (Arabic: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u200e J\u0101mi'at Baghd\u0101d) is the largest university in Iraq and the second largest in the Arab world, behind the University of Cairo.", "Q2587409": "Vladimir Sergeyevich Gruzdev (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0432, born 6 February 1967)) is a Russian politician. He was a deputy of the State Duma (2003-2011) and governor of the Tula Oblast (2011-2016). Also since December 2016 - Chairman of the Board of the Association of Lawyers of Russia.Member of the Presidium of the Moscow city regional branch of the party \"United Russia\" and a member of the bureau of the Supreme Council of the party.", "Q174037": "Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 \u2013 November 9, 1924) was an American Republican senator and historian from Massachusetts. A member of the prominent Lodge family, he received his PhD in history from Harvard University. As an undergraduate at Harvard, he joined Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity. He is best known for his positions on foreign policy, especially his battle with President Woodrow Wilson in 1919 over the Treaty of Versailles. The failure of that treaty ensured that the United States never joined the League of Nations.Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, Lodge won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives after graduating from Harvard. He and his close friend, Theodore Roosevelt, opposed James G. Blaine's nomination at the 1884 Republican National Convention, but supported Blaine in the general election against Grover Cleveland. Lodge was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1886 before joining the United States Senate in 1893.\nIn the Senate, he sponsored the unsuccessful Lodge Bill, which sought to protect the voting rights of African Americans. He supported the Spanish\u2013American War and called for the annexation of the Philippines after the war. He also supported immigration restrictions, becoming a member of the Immigration Restriction League and influencing the Immigration Act of 1917. Lodge served as Chairman of the 1900 and 1908 Republican National Conventions. A member of the conservative wing of the Republican Party, Lodge opposed Roosevelt's third party bid for president in 1912, but the two remained close friends.\nDuring the presidency of Woodrow Wilson, Lodge advocated entrance into World War I on the side of the Allied Powers. He became Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference and Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, emerging as the leader of the Senate Republicans. He led the opposition to Wilson's Treaty of Versailles, proposing twelve reservations to the treaty. He most strongly objected to the provision of the treaty that required all nations to repel aggression, fearing that this would erode Congressional powers and commit the U.S. to burdensome obligations. Lodge prevailed in the treaty battle and Lodge's objections would influence the United Nations, the successor to the League of Nations. After the war, Lodge participated in the creation of the Washington Naval Treaty, which sought to prevent a naval arms race. He remained in the Senate until his death in 1924.\n\n", "Q164224": "Franklyn is a 2008 British science fantasy film written and directed by Gerald McMorrow as his debut feature. Produced by Jeremy Thomas, it stars Ryan Phillippe, Eva Green and Sam Riley. Shooting took place in London in the fourth quarter of 2007. Franklyn held its world premiere at the 52nd London Film Festival on 16 October 2008. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 27 February 2009.", "Q303213": "Whip It is a 2009 American sports comedy-drama film directed by Drew Barrymore in her directorial debut and written by Shauna Cross, based on her novel Derby Girl. The film is co-produced by Barrymore and Barry Mendel. It stars Ellen Page as a teenager from the fictional town of Bodeen, Texas, who joins a roller derby team. The film also stars Barrymore, Alia Shawkat, Marcia Gay Harden, Daniel Stern, Carlo Alban, Landon Pigg, Jimmy Fallon, Kristen Wiig, Zo\u00eb Bell, Eve, Andrew Wilson, Juliette Lewis, and Ari Graynor.\nThe film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 13, 2009 and was theatrically released on October 2, 2009 in the United States by Fox Searchlight Pictures. It received generally positive reviews from critics but was a box office disappointment, grossing $16.6 million worldwide against its $15 million budget. It received two WIN Award nominations for Outstanding Actress, as well as Feature Film for Page and Barrymore, respectively. Whip It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on January 26, 2010 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.", "Q69088": "Hans-Christoph Seebohm (4 August 1903 \u2013 17 September 1967) was a German politician of the national conservative German Party (Deutsche Partei, DP) and after 1960 the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He was Federal Minister of Transport for 17 years and the fourth Vice Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1966.", "Q213772": "Moriz Rosenthal (17 December 1862 \u2013 3 September 1946) was a Polish pianist and composer. He was an outstanding pupil of Franz Liszt and a friend and colleague of some of the greatest musicians of his age, including Johannes Brahms, Johann Strauss, Anton Rubinstein, Hans von B\u00fclow, Camille Saint-Sa\u00ebns, Jules Massenet and Isaac Alb\u00e9niz.", "Q669229": "Sulz was a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. The late Roman watchtower in Rheinsulz is listed as a heritage site of national significance. On 1 January 2010 the municipality of Sulz merged into Laufenburg.", "Q318155": "Devon Murray (born 28 October 1988) is an Irish actor best known for playing Seamus Finnigan in the Harry Potter film series.", "Q121778": "Xuefei Jin (simplified Chinese: \u91d1\u96ea\u98de; traditional Chinese: \u91d1\u96ea\u98db; pinyin: J\u012bn Xu\u011bf\u0113i; born February 21, 1956) is a Chinese-American poet and novelist using the pen name Ha Jin (\u54c8\u91d1). Ha comes from his favorite city, Harbin. His poetry is associated with the Misty Poetry movement.", "Q461801": "Ruzha Lazarova (Bulgarian Cyrillic, \u0420\u0443\u0436\u0430 \u041b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430; Sofia, 1968) is a Bulgarian French language writer who currently lives in Paris. \nShe studied at the old Lyc\u00e9e Fran\u00e7ais of Sofia and she later studied French literature at the Sofia University. She started publishing short stories in Bulgarian and was awarded with Young Prose Bulgarian Prize in 1990. She has also published two short stories in French and a play, which was performed at the \u201cFestival de la Correspondance\u201d in Grignan.", "Q1258012": "Kim F. Coates (born February 21, 1958) is a Canadian-American actor who has worked in both Canadian and American films and television series. He has worked on Broadway portraying Stanley Kowalski in A Streetcar Named Desire and in the lead role of Macbeth performed at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival. He is best known for his role as Alexander \"Tig\" Trager in the FX series Sons of Anarchy and as Declan Gardiner in the Citytv series Bad Blood, as well as his recurring roles in Prison Break, Cold Case, CSI and CSI: Miami.", "Q91055": "Thorsten Sch\u00e4fer-G\u00fcmbel (n\u00e9 Sch\u00e4fer, born 1 October 1969) is a German politician of the SPD.\nHe is currently the leader of the opposition SPD party bloc in the Hessian state parliament. He lost his bid for the office of Minister-President of Hesse in the January 2009 Hessian state election, where he had challenged incumbent Roland Koch (CDU).\nSch\u00e4fer-G\u00fcmbel has been deputy leader of the SPD since December 2013. He is one of three ad interim successors of former SPD leader Andrea Nahles in the transition phase until a new leader will be voted in later in 2019.\n\n", "Q328096": "Martin Luther is a 1953 American\u2013West German film biography of Martin Luther. It was directed by Irving Pichel, (who also plays a supporting role), and stars Niall MacGinnis as Luther. It was produced by Louis de Rochemont and RD-DR Corporation in collaboration with Lutheran Church Productions and Luther-Film-G.M.B.H.\nThe National Board of Review named the film the fourth best of 1953. It was nominated for two Oscars, for Best Cinematography (Black-and-White) (Joseph C. Brun) and Art Direction/Set Decoration (Black-and-White) (Fritz Maurischat, Paul Markwitz). The music was composed by Mark Lothar and performed by the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra. It was filmed in studios in Wiesbaden, West Germany.\nA notice at the beginning of the film characterizes it as a careful and balanced presentation of Luther's story: \"This dramatization of a decisive moment in human history is the result of careful research of facts and conditions in the 16th century as reported by historians of many faiths.\" The research was done by notable Reformation scholars Theodore G. Tappert and Jaroslav Pelikan who assisted Allan Sloane and Lothar Wolff.", "Q367959": "Malabar Princess is a 2004 French film directed by Gilles Legrand. The film is about a young boy called Tom, who is sent to live with his grandfather in the French Alps after his mother disappeared during an excursion with her husband, Pierre, in the French Alps. He becomes friends with Beno\u00eet, a boy about his age. While searching for Tom's mother they come across the remains of a plane that had crashed during the 1950s.", "Q2706805": "Taran Hourie Killam (born April 1, 1982) is an American actor, comedian and writer. He is best known for his television work on shows such as The Amanda Show, Wild 'n Out, Mad TV, and Saturday Night Live. Killam is also known for his portrayal of a teen pop star in the 2004 Disney Channel Original Movie Stuck in the Suburbs.\nKillam performed the role of King George III in the Broadway production of Hamilton at the Richard Rodgers Theatre, ending his run on the evening of April 13, 2017.", "Q9129": "Greek (Greek: \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, romanized: Ellinik\u00e1) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Albania and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea. It has the longest documented history of any living Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,500 years of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history; other systems, such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary, were used previously. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Armenian, Coptic, Gothic, and many other writing systems.\nThe Greek language holds an important place in the history of the Western world and Christianity; the canon of ancient Greek literature includes works in the Western canon such as the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey. Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science, especially astronomy, mathematics and logic and Western philosophy, such as the Platonic dialogues and the works of Aristotle, are composed; the New Testament of the Christian Bible was written in Koin\u00e9 Greek. Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world, the study of the Greek texts and society of antiquity constitutes the discipline of Classics.\nDuring antiquity, Greek was a widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world, West Asia and many places beyond. It would eventually become the official parlance of the Byzantine Empire and develop into Medieval Greek. In its modern form, Greek is the official language in two countries, Greece and Cyprus, a recognized minority language in seven other countries, and is one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. The language is spoken by at least 13.4 million people today in Greece, Cyprus, Italy, Albania, and Turkey and by the Greek diaspora.\nGreek roots are often used to coin new words for other languages; Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of international scientific vocabulary.", "Q99409": "Hans-Georg St\u00fcmke (16 September 1941 in K\u00f6nigsberg \u2013 29 September 2002 in Berlin) was a German author, teacher, historian and publisher.\nSt\u00fcmke worked first as a weather expert for the German Bundeswehr. He studied after hours in Bundeswehr history at the university in Berlin. During the 1960s he had his coming out. He was a LGBT activist during the 1960s and 1970s. St\u00fcmke reported in Germany over the Stonewall riots in New York City. St\u00fcmke wrote books over LGBT topics during the next years. In 2002 he died of cancer in Berlin. His grave is in the Alten St. Matth\u00e4us-Kirchhof cemetery in Berlin.", "Q273086": "Licia Maglietta (born 16 November 1954) is an Italian actress and stage director, known for her work with Italian director Silvio Soldini. Their collaborations include romances Bread and Tulips (2000) - for which Maglietta won multiple awards - and Agata and the Storm (2004). In 2002 she won her second Italian Golden Globe, for Mafia drama Red Moon.", "Q7104": "Paul-Henri Thiry, Baron d'Holbach (French: [d\u0254lbak]) (8 December 1723 \u2013 21 January 1789), was a French-German author, philosopher, encyclopedist and prominent figure in the French Enlightenment. He was born Paul Heinrich Dietrich in Edesheim, near Landau in the Rhenish Palatinate, but lived and worked mainly in Paris, where he kept a salon. He was well known for his atheism and for his voluminous writings against religion, the most famous of them being The System of Nature (1770).", "Q369974": "Eduard Anatolyevich Streltsov (Russian: \u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0434 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u043e\u0301\u0432, IPA: [\u026ad\u028a\u02c8art \u0250n\u0250\u02c8tol\u02b2\u026av\u02b2it\u0255 str\u02b2\u026al\u02b2\u02c8tsof] (listen), 21 July 1937 \u2013 22 July 1990) was a footballer from the Soviet Union who played as a forward for Torpedo Moscow and the Soviet national team during the 1950s and 1960s. A powerful and skilful attacking player, he scored the fourth-highest number of goals for the Soviet Union and has been called \"the greatest outfield player Russia has ever produced\". He is sometimes dubbed \"the Russian Pel\u00e9\".Born and raised in east Moscow, Streltsov joined Torpedo at the age of 16 in 1953 and made his international debut two years later. He was part of the squad that won the gold medal at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics, and came seventh in the 1957 Ballon d'Or. Early the next year his promising career was interrupted by a rape scandal. The 20-year-old Streltsov was accused of raping a woman shortly before the 1958 World Cup; told he could still play if he admitted his guilt, he confessed, despite inconclusive evidence against him. He was instead convicted and sentenced to twelve years in the Gulag system of forced labour camps.\nStreltsov was released after five years in the camps and in 1965 he resumed his career with Torpedo Moscow. In the first season of his comeback, the club won the Soviet championship; in 1968 Torpedo won the Soviet Cup. Streltsov was restored to the Soviet national team in 1966, and in 1967 and 1968 named Soviet Footballer of the Year. By the time of his retirement in 1970 he had pioneered innovations such as the back-heeled pass, which became known in Russia as \"Streltsov's pass\". He died in Moscow in 1990. Six years later, Torpedo renamed their home ground \"Eduard Streltsov Stadium\" in his honour. In the 21st century, statues of Streltsov stand outside the stadium bearing his name and the Luzhniki Olympic Complex in Moscow.", "Q8237": "Richard Gordon Heath Holmes, OBE, FRSL, FBA (born 5 November 1945) is a British author and academic best known for his biographical studies of major figures of British and French Romanticism.", "Q429879": "Robert Wayne Colomby (born 20 December 1944, in Manhattan, New York City) is a jazz-rock fusion drummer, record producer and television presenter. He is best known as an original member of the group Blood, Sweat & Tears, which he co-founded in 1967. He has also played with many other musical artists.", "Q53300": "Knut Hjalmar Leonard Hammarskj\u00f6ld (4 February 1862 \u2013 12 October 1953) was a Swedish politician, scholar, cabinet minister, Member of Parliament from 1923 to 1938 (first chamber), and Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917.In 1890, he married Agnes Maria Carolina Almquist (Stockholm, 15 January 1866 \u2013 Stockholm, 21 January 1940). The couple had four sons: Bo, \u00c5ke, Sten and Dag.", "Q330801": "David Andrews (born November 2, 1952) is an American actor who is known for his role as Lieutenant General Robert Brewster in Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines.", "Q138229": "Ole\u015bnica [\u0254l\u025b\u0255\u02c8\u0272it\u0361sa] (German: Oels; Silesian: Uole\u015b\u0144ica) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the administrative seat of Ole\u015bnica County and also of the rural district of Gmina Ole\u015bnica, although it is not part of the territory of the latter, the town being an urban gmina in its own right.\nThe town is famed for its large 16th-century castle, which has previously been the seat of several dukes and lords. The castle's inner courtyard arcades, a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture, are iconic in the region.", "Q120466": "Erich Matthias R\u00f6\u00dfler (born 14 January 1955) is a German politician, member of the CDU. Since 1990, he has been a member of the Saxon Landtag. From 1994 to 2004 he served as minister of culture, later as minister of science and art in the government of Saxony. Since 2009 he has been \"Landtagspr\u00e4sident\", the speaker of the Saxon parliament.", "Q469285": "Karin Resetarits (born 15 December 1961) is an Austrian journalist and politician. She was a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2009.", "Q2688782": "V\u00edctor Gonz\u00e1lez Torres (born July 1, 1947 in Mexico City), is a Mexican businessman who ran as a write-in candidate in the 2006 Mexican presidential election. He is nicknamed \"Dr. Simi\" after the mascot of his national drugstore franchise, Farmacias Similares. Despite not being an official candidate, he made a massive marketing campaign to enter the election. Many media outlets covered his campaign and his struggle with the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) for legitimacy, while others considered him a sort of \"comic relief\".He is the founder and director of an associated charitable body, The Group for a Better Country (Grupo Por Un Pa\u00eds Mejor), which seeks to provide low-cost medical services and provide a platform against official corruption. \nHis franchise slogan was \"The same only cheaper\", and his campaign one was \"To serve God and the people of Mexico\". As a non-official candidate he frequently stressed the fact that he pays all of his own campaign expenses, thus being the \"cheapest\" candidate. He attempted to run as a candidate for the Alternativa party, whose campesino wing promoted his bid. The IFE eventually quashed his aspirations by ruling in favor of Patricia Mercado.", "Q298027": "Minna Canth (IPA [minna ka:nt], born Ulrika Wilhelmina Johnsson, 19 March 1844 \u2013 12 May 1897) was a Finnish writer and social activist. Canth began to write while managing her family draper's shop and living as a widow raising seven children. Her work addresses issues of women's rights, particularly in the context of a prevailing culture she considered antithetical to permitting expression and realization of women's aspirations. Her play The Pastor's Family is her best known. In her time, she became a controversial figure, due to the asynchrony between her ideas and those of her time, and in part due to her strong advocacy for her point of view.\nMinna Canth is the first woman to receive her own flag day in Finland, starting on 19 March 2007. It is also the day of social equality in Finland.", "Q542014": "Juan Francisco Lozano Ram\u00edrez (born 19 March 1964) is a Colombian lawyer and journalist currently serving as Senator of Colombia and since 2010 has been the General Director of the Social Party of National Unity (Party of the U), Colombia's biggest political and most influential political coalition. Under the Administration of President \u00c1lvaro Uribe V\u00e9lez he served as the 3rd Minister of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development (2006-2009), High Presidential Advisor (2004-2006), and Presidential Advisor of Social Policy (2004), and had also served as Presidential Advisor for the Youth, Women, and Family (1990-1993) in the Administration of President C\u00e9sar Gaviria Trujillo.", "Q166355": "Knockin' on Heaven's Door is a 1997 German crime comedy, by Thomas Jahn, starring Til Schweiger, Moritz Bleibtreu, Jan Josef Liefers and Rutger Hauer. Its name derives from the Bob Dylan song which is also on the film's soundtrack. It was entered into the 20th Moscow International Film Festival where Til Schweiger won the Silver St. George for Best Actor.", "Q301362": "Angelique Pettyjohn (born Dorothy Lee Perrins, March 11, 1943 \u2013 February 14, 1992) was an American actress and burlesque queen. She appeared as the drill thrall Shahna in the Star Trek episode, \"The Gamesters of Triskelion\".", "Q993978": "Maxine Margaret McKew (born 22 July 1953) is a former Australian politician and journalist; she was the Parliamentary Secretary for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government in the First Rudd Ministry and the First Gillard Ministry.\nBetween 2007 and 2010, she was the member of the House of Representatives for the Division of Bennelong, New South Wales. Until 2007, the seat was held by the then Prime Minister John Howard, who had been the member for 33 years. She was only the second person to unseat a sitting Australian prime minister since Jack Holloway defeated Stanley Bruce in 1929; and the third person to unseat the leader of a major party, after Neville Newell defeated Charles Blunt, leader of the National Party, in 1990. At the 2010 Federal election she lost her seat to the Liberal Party candidate, John Alexander.\nBefore entering politics, McKew was an award-winning broadcast journalist. She hosted a number of programmes on Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) television and radio, most recently Lateline and The 7.30 Report.", "Q97342": "Manuel Andrack (born June 23, 1965 in Cologne) is a German journalist, television show editor, television host and author. He is most well known for his role as the \"sidekick\" in the popular Harald Schmidt Show.", "Q401893": "Ahmet Kaya (28 October 1957 \u2013 16 November 2000) was a folk singer who was born in Malatya, Turkey. He was of mixed Kurdish-Turkish origin and often identified himself as a \"Kurd of Turkey\". Many of his albums broke sales records. Kaya, with over 20 albums, is by far one of the most influential and controversial artists of the 20th century in Turkey who was very vocal on social and political issues; had to flee Turkey for France and died in exile. An elegy \"Ya beni sararsa memleket hasreti / What if I am homesick\" tells the story of his agony, suffering, longing for the people and homeland he was torn away from. Many believe this led to his sudden death at a very young age. \nAhmet Kaya paid a huge price announcing his wish \"to sing in the Kurdish language\" when he was invited to stage to receive award at an award ceremony live on TV in 1999. He was declared a villain by authorities; targeted with fabricated news as a \"traitor\" by newspapers and TV stations nationwide.Turkish Media portrayed Kaya as \"Part of the Kurdistan Worker's Party and \"with Abdullah Ocalan\" as a result of his declaration of him being Kurdish.", "Q544465": "Kathleen Doyle Bates (born June 28, 1948) is an American actress and director. She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including one Academy Award, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and two Golden Globe Awards.\nBorn in Memphis, Tennessee, she studied theatre at the Southern Methodist University before moving to New York City to pursue an acting career. She landed minor stage roles before being cast in her first on screen role in Taking Off (1971). Her first Off-Broadway stage performance was in the 1976 production of Vanities. Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, she continued to perform on screen and on stage, and garnered a Tony Award nomination for Best Lead Actress in a Play in 1983 for her performance in 'night, Mother, and won an Obie Award in 1988 for her performance in Frankie and Johnny in the Clair de Lune.\nBates' performance as Annie Wilkes in the horror film Misery (1990), marked her Hollywood breakthrough, winning her the Academy Award for Best Actress. Further acclaim came for her starring role in Dolores Claiborne (1995), The Waterboy (1998), and supporting roles in Fried Green Tomatoes (1991) and Titanic (1997); the latter, in which she portrayed Molly Brown, became the highest-grossing film to that point. Bates received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her work in Primary Colors (1998), About Schmidt (2002), and Richard Jewell (2019).\nBates' television work has resulted in 14 Emmy Award nominations, including two for her leading role on the NBC series Harry's Law (2011\u201312). She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her appearance on the ninth season of Two and a Half Men (2012) and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for her portrayal of Delphine LaLaurie on the third season of American Horror Story (2014). She also received accolades for her portrayal of Miss Hannigan in the 1999 television adaptation of Annie. Her directing credits include several episodes of the HBO television series Six Feet Under (2001\u201303) and the television film Ambulance Girl (2005).", "Q1256981": "San Francisco State University (commonly referred to as San Francisco State, SF State and SFSU) is a public university in San Francisco. As part of the 23-campus California State University system, the university offers 118 different bachelor's degrees, 94 master's degrees, and 5 doctoral degrees along with 26 teaching credentials among six academic colleges.The university was founded in 1899 as a state-run normal school for training school teachers, obtaining state college status in 1921 and state university status in 1972. The 141 acre campus is located in the southwest part of the city, less than two miles from the Pacific coast. San Francisco State has 12 varsity athletic teams which compete at the NCAA Division II level, most as members of the California Collegiate Athletic Association.", "Q129442": "William Mason McCarty (ca. 1789 \u2013 December 20, 1863) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia; Acting Governor for Governor William Pope Duval.", "Q81520": "Pierce Brendan Brosnan (; born 16 May 1953) is an actor, film producer, activist, and environmentalist. Brosnan is a naturalized citizen of United States, where he has lived most of his life, after having been raised in Ireland and later United Kingdom. After leaving comprehensive school at age 16, Brosnan began training in commercial illustration, then went on to train at the Drama Centre in London for three years. Following a stage acting career he rose to popularity in the television series Remington Steele (1982\u20131987), which blended the genres of romantic comedy, drama, and detective procedural. After the conclusion of Remington Steele, Brosnan appeared in films such as the Cold War spy film The Fourth Protocol (1987) and the comedy Mrs. Doubtfire (1993).\nIn 1994, Brosnan became the fifth actor to play the secret agent James Bond in the Eon Productions film series, starring in four films from 1995 to 2002 (GoldenEye, Tomorrow Never Dies, The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day). He lent his likeness for Bond in the video games GoldenEye 007, The World Is Not Enough, James Bond 007: Nightfire and James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing, providing his voice for the latter. During this period, he also took the lead in other films including the epic disaster adventure film Dante's Peak (1997) and the remake of the heist film The Thomas Crown Affair (1999). Since leaving the role of Bond, he has starred in such films as the musical/romantic comedy Mamma Mia! (2008), the Roman Polanski-directed political thriller The Ghost Writer (2010) and the action spy thriller The November Man (2014).\nIn 1996, along with Beau St. Clair, Brosnan formed Irish DreamTime, a Los Angeles-based production company. In later years, he has become known for his charitable work and environmental activism. He became an American citizen in 2004, holding dual citizenship in the United States and Ireland. He has earned two Golden Globe Award nominations, first for the television miniseries Nancy Astor (1982) and next for the dark comedy film The Matador (2005).", "Q775614": "Neofolk, also known as post-industrial or apocalyptic folk, is a form of experimental music blending elements of folk and industrial music, which emerged in punk rock circles in the 1980s. Neofolk may either be solely acoustic or combine acoustic folk instrumentation with various other sounds.", "Q1673706": "Isamu Akasaki (\u8d64\u5d0e \u52c7, Akasaki Isamu, born January 30, 1929) is a Japanese engineer and physicist, specializing in the field of semiconductor technology and Nobel Prize laureate, best known for inventing the bright gallium nitride (GaN) p-n junction blue LED in 1989 and subsequently the high-brightness GaN blue LED as well.For this and other achievements, Akasaki was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology in 2009, and the IEEE Edison Medal in 2011. He was also awarded the 2014 Nobel prize in Physics, together with Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura, \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes, which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\".", "Q620629": "Deism ( DEE-iz-\u0259m\u200a or DAY-iz-\u0259m; derived from Latin \"deus\" meaning \"god\") is the philosophical position that rejects revelation as a source of religious knowledge and asserts that reason and observation of the natural world are sufficient to establish the existence of a Supreme Being or creator of the universe.At least as far back as Thomas Aquinas, Christian thought has recognized two sources of knowledge of God: revelation and \"natural reason\". The study of the truths revealed by reason is called natural theology. During the Age of Enlightenment, especially in Britain and France, philosophers began to reject revelation as a source of knowledge and to appeal only to truths that they felt could be established by reason alone. Such philosophers were called \"deists\" and the philosophical position that they advocated is called \"deism\". \nDeism as a distinct intellectual movement declined toward the end of the 18th century. Some of its tenets continued to live on as part of other intellectual movements (e.g. Unitarianism) and it continues to have some advocates today.", "Q935167": "Clifton Craig Collins Jr. (born June 16, 1970) is an American actor. After starting in 1990, with small roles in film and on television, Collins gained attention for his performance as Cpl. Ramon Aguilar, a prisoner \u201cserving\u201d under an imprisoned general played by Robert Redford in the 2001 film The Last Castle. His extensive work includes featured roles in films such as One Eight Seven (1997), Traffic (2000), Capote (2005), Star Trek (2009) and Pacific Rim (2013). Collins extensive work on television series includes Crisis Center (1997), Thief (2006), which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination, The Event (2010\u20132011), and Westworld (2016\u20132018).", "Q432281": "Carla Paolina Gallo (born June 24, 1975) is an American actress notable for recurring roles in the television series Undeclared, Carniv\u00e0le, Bones, Californication, and a number of film roles. Since her role on Undeclared, she has made frequent appearances in other Judd Apatow productions.\nShe graduated from Cornell University with a degree in Theater. Her best friend since childhood is Sarah Paulson", "Q690854": "Artur Pop\u0142awski (1860, in Warsaw \u2013 1918, in Warsaw) was a Polish chess master.\nHe started his studies at Imperial University of Warsaw (with a Russian language) in 1879, and moved to ETH Zurich (Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Z\u00fcrich) in 1884.\nIn 1883/84, he took second place, behind J\u00f3zef \u017babi\u0144ski, in the Warsaw City Chess Championship, scoring 19/22. In Switzerland, Poplawski twice shared first place with Max Pestalozzi in the Swiss Chess Championship, at Z\u00fcrich in 1889 and at Winterthur in 1890.He returned to Warsaw in the early 1890s and worked as an engineer.", "Q738714": "The Merseybeats (also related vocal duo The Merseys) are a band that emerged from the Liverpool Merseybeat scene in the early 1960s, performing at the Cavern Club along with the Beatles, Gerry and the Pacemakers, and other similar artists.\nThe current line-up is: Tony Crane MBE (founding member) lead vocals and lead guitar, Billy Kinsley (founding member) lead vocals and rhythm guitar, Bob Packham (joined 1974) backing vocals and bass guitar (born Robert Packham, 17 July 1944, Anfield, Liverpool) (ex The Galvinsers), and Lou Rosenthal (joined 2000) drums.", "Q740877": "Joseph Mulrey McIntyre (born December 31, 1972) is an American singer-songwriter and actor. He is best known as the youngest member of the late '80s pop group, New Kids on the Block. He has sold over one million records worldwide as a solo artist.", "Q57600": "Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng (born 17 November 1949) is a Vietnamese politician who served as the Prime Minister of Vietnam from 2006 to 2016. He was confirmed by the National Assembly on 27 June 2006, having been nominated by his predecessor, Phan V\u0103n Kh\u1ea3i, who retired from office. At a party congress held in January 2011, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng was ranked 3rd in the hierarchy of the Communist Party of Vietnam, after State President Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n Sang. Following the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng wasn't able to maintain his post in the party and stepped down from his position as Prime Minister on 7 April 2016.\n\n", "Q549141": "John Henry Hammond II (December 15, 1910 \u2013 July 10, 1987) was an American record producer, civil rights activist, and music critic from the 1930s to the early 1980s. In his service as a talent scout, Hammond became one of the most influential figures in 20th-century popular music. He is the father of famous blues musician John P. Hammond.\nHammond was instrumental in sparking or furthering numerous musical careers, including those of Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen, Benny Goodman, Harry James, Charlie Christian, Billie Holiday, Count Basie, Teddy Wilson, Big Joe Turner, Pete Seeger, Babatunde Olatunji, Aretha Franklin, George Benson, Freddie Green, Leonard Cohen, Arthur Russell, Jim Copp, Asha Puthli, Stevie Ray Vaughan and Mike Bloomfield. He is also largely responsible for the revival of delta blues artist Robert Johnson's music.", "Q3128334": "Cours Hattemer is a French private, secular school. It is independent of the state, and can follow its own teaching approach, which is structured and places great stress on repetition to drive home what has been learned. The school has many well-known alumni including the actress Brigitte Bardot and the French President Jacques Chirac.\nHattemer is located in Paris, in the 8th and 16th districts.", "Q373092": "Adrian Hasler (born 11 February 1964) is a politician from Liechtenstein and the current Prime Minister of Liechtenstein.Hasler is a trained economist and was head of the Liechtenstein National Police Force. Adrian Hasler married on 28 May 2003 to Gudrun Elkuch (born on 5 September 1973), and they have two sons, Pascal and Luis.", "Q93124": "Ronald Fagin (born 1945) is an American mathematician and computer scientist, and IBM Fellow at the IBM Almaden Research Center. He is known for his work in database theory, finite model theory, and reasoning about knowledge.", "Q510034": "Sanjay Gupta ( SUN-jay GOOP-t\u0259; born October 23, 1969) is an American neurosurgeon, medical reporter, and writer. He serves as associate chief of the neurosurgery service at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, and as assistant professor of neurosurgery at the Emory University School of Medicine and Chief Medical Correspondent for CNN. \nGupta is known for his many TV appearances on health-related issues. He is the chief medical correspondent and the host of the CNN show Sanjay Gupta MD for which he has won multiple Emmy Awards. He is a frequent contributor to other CNN programs such as American Morning, Larry King Live, and Anderson Cooper 360\u00b0. His reports from Charity Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, in the wake of Hurricane Katrina led to him winning a 2006 Emmy Award for Outstanding Feature Story in a Regularly Scheduled Newscast. He is also a special correspondent for CBS News.\nGupta publishes a column in Time magazine. He has written three books: Chasing Life, Cheating Death, and Monday Mornings: A Novel.", "Q210509": "Salon Kitty is a 1976 erotic-war-drama film directed by Tinto Brass. The film was coproduced by Italy, France and West Germany. It is based on the novel of the same name by Peter Norden, covering the real life events of the Salon Kitty operation, under which the Sicherheitsdienst took over an expensive brothel in Berlin, had the place wire tapped, and replaced all the prostitutes with trained spies, in order to gather information on various members of the Nazi party and foreign dignitaries.\nIt is considered among the progenitors of Nazisploitation genre.In the U.S., the film was edited to lighten the political overtones for an easier marketing as a sexploitation film and released under the title Madam Kitty with an X rating. Blue Underground Video, for the uncut version, has surrendered the X rating for an unrated DVD and Blu-ray release.", "Q769229": "Bal\u00e1zs Szokolay (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u0252la\u02d0\u0292 \u02c8sokol\u0252j]) (born 1961) is a Hungarian pianist.\nSzokolay was born in Budapest. His international concert career started in 1983, when he replaced Nikita Magaloff at a concert in Belgrade. Four years later he was appointed a professorship at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music. Throughout his career he has been awarded 14 competition prizes (Zwickau's Robert Schumann, Leeds', Brussels' Queen Elisabeth, Munich's ARD, Terni's Alessandro Casagrande, Monza's Rina Sala Gallo, etc.).\nIn 2001 the Hungarian Government awarded him the Liszt Prize.", "Q454110": "Mary Tyler \"Molly\" Ivins (August 30, 1944 \u2013 January 31, 2007) was an American newspaper columnist, author, political commentator, and humorist. Born in California and raised in Texas, Ivins attended Smith College and the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. She began her journalism career at the Minneapolis Tribune where she became the first female police reporter at the paper. Ivins joined The Texas Observer in the early 1970s and later moved to The New York Times. She became a columnist for the Dallas Times Herald in the 1980s, and then the Fort Worth Star-Telegram after the Times Herald was sold and shuttered. The column was subsequently syndicated by Creators Syndicate and carried by hundreds of newspapers. A biography of Ivins, Molly Ivins: A Rebel Life, was co-written in 2010 by PEN-USA winning presidential biographer Bill Minutaglio and W. Michael Smith.\nThe Forbes Media Guide Five Hundred, 1994 stated: \n\nIvins's pithy assessments of politics and life at large crackle with broad Texas humor. Combining her talent for culling information with her razor-sharp wit, she throws a powerful knockout punch. ... Whether one agrees with her or not, Ivins's pen pierces both the brain and the funny bone.", "Q41076": "Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1969 or 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, actress, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Renowned for her five-octave vocal range, melismatic singing style, and signature use of the whistle register, Carey is referred to as the \"Songbird Supreme\" by Guinness World Records. She rose to fame in 1990 after signing to Columbia Records and releasing her eponymous debut album, which topped the U.S. Billboard 200 for eleven consecutive weeks. Carey became the only artist ever to have their first five singles reach number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart, from \"Vision of Love\" to \"Emotions\".\nIn 1993, Carey married Sony Music head Tommy Mottola, the man who signed her to Columbia. She achieved worldwide success with follow-up albums Music Box (1993), Merry Christmas (1994), and Daydream (1995). These albums spawned some of Carey's most successful singles, including \"Hero\", \"Without You\", \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\", \"Fantasy\", \"Always Be My Baby\", as well as \"One Sweet Day\", which peaked at number one in the U.S. for 16 weeks and became Billboard's Song Of The Decade (1990s Decade). After separating from Mottola, Carey adopted a new image and incorporated more elements of hip hop into her music with the release of Butterfly (1997). Billboard named her the country's most successful artist of the 1990s, while the World Music Awards honored her as the world's best-selling recording artist of the 1990s, and the best-selling female artist of the millennium.\nAfter eleven consecutive years charting a U.S. number-one single, Carey parted ways with Columbia in 2000 and signed a $100 million recording contract with Virgin Records. However, following her highly publicized physical and emotional breakdown, as well as the critical and commercial failure of her film Glitter (2001) and its accompanying soundtrack, her contract was bought out for $50 million by Virgin and she signed with Island Records the next year. After a relatively unsuccessful period, she returned to the top of music charts with The Emancipation of Mimi (2005), the world's second-best-selling album of 2005. Its second single, \"We Belong Together\", topped the U.S. charts for 14 weeks and became Billboard's Song Of The Decade (2000s Decade). In 2009, she was cast in the critically acclaimed film Precious, which won her Breakthrough Actress Performance Award at the Palm Springs International Film Festival.\nThroughout her career, Carey has sold more than 200 million records worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. With a total of 19 songs topping the Billboard Hot 100, Carey holds the record for the most number-one singles by a solo artist, a female songwriter, and a female producer. According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), she is the second-highest-certified female artist in the United States, with 66.5 million certified album units. In 2012, she was ranked second on VH1's list of the 100 Greatest Women in Music. In 2019, Billboard named her the all-time top female artist in the United States, based on both album and song chart performances. Aside from her commercial accomplishments, Carey has won five Grammy Awards, nineteen World Music Awards, ten American Music Awards, and fifteen Billboard Music Awards. An inductee of the Songwriters Hall of Fame, she is noted for inspiring other artists in pop and contemporary R&B music.\n\n", "Q740863": "\u010cesk\u00e1 L\u00edpa (Czech pronunciation: [t\u0283\u025bska\u02d0 li\u02d0pa] (listen); German: B\u00f6hmisch-Leipa) is a town in the Czech Republic. It is the district seat and the largest town of the \u010cesk\u00e1 L\u00edpa District in the Liberec Region, with a population of about 37,500. It is the most populated town of the Czech Republic without city status.\nThe Plou\u010dnice River flows through the town, approximately 25 mi (40 km) from its source. \u010cesk\u00e1 L\u00edpa is divided into 14 municipal districts. Approximately 9 mi (15 km) south of \u010cesk\u00e1 L\u00edpa lies the summer resort of Lake M\u00e1cha (Czech: M\u00e1chovo jezero). \u010cesk\u00e1 L\u00edpa lies 23 mi (38 km) west of Liberec and 42 mi (67 km) north of Prague, counting distances between town borders.\nThe old town of \u010cesk\u00e1 L\u00edpa was built near a ford on the Plou\u010dnice where a Slavonic colony existed from the 10th century. The line of the Ronovci and Henry of Lip\u00e1 (Czech: Jind\u0159ich z Lip\u00e9) in particular contributed to the founding of the town between 1305 and 1319, and the line of the Berkov\u00e9 z Dub\u00e9 promoted its development. A hundred years later the town was occupied by the Hussite army of Jan Roh\u00e1\u010d z Dub\u00e9 and devastated by fires. Albert of Vald\u0161tejn, and later Kaunitzs, contributed to another boom of the town by founding a monastery and school. The modern urban development of the town was influenced by industrial production and uranium mining in the region. Residential neighbourhoods consisting of large amounts of prefab housing were built on the outskirts while the town center was preserved and declared as an urban heritage zone.", "Q10444417": "Gillian Wearing CBE, RA (born 1963) is an English conceptual artist, one of the Young British Artists, and winner of the 1997 Turner Prize. In 2007 Wearing was elected as lifetime member of the Royal Academy of Arts in London. Her statue of the suffragist Millicent Fawcett stands in London's Parliament Square.", "Q363295": "Kin Shriner (born December 6, 1953) is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Scott Baldwin on the ABC soap opera General Hospital and its spin-off Port Charles.", "Q57614": "Thomas Kretschmann (pronounced [\u02c8to\u02d0mas \u02c8k\u0281\u025bt\u0283man]; born 8 September 1962) is a German actor. His notable film roles include Lieutenant Hans von Witzland in Stalingrad (1993), Hauptmann Wilm Hosenfeld in The Pianist (2002), Hermann Fegelein in Downfall (2004), Captain Englehorn in King Kong (2005), Major Otto Remer in Valkyrie (2008), the voice of Professor Z in Cars 2 (2011), Hauptmann Peter Kahn in Stalingrad (2013). He also appeared as Baron Wolfgang von Strucker in Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) and Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015).", "Q717": "Venezuela ( (listen); American Spanish: [bene\u02c8swela] (listen)), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many small islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It has a territorial extension of 916,445 km2 (353,841 sq mi). The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana. The Venezuelan government maintains a claim against Guyana to Guayana Esequiba, an area of 159,542 km2 (61,600 sq mi). For its maritime areas, Venezuela exercises sovereignty over 71,295 km2 (27,527 sq mi) of territorial waters, 22,224 km2 (8,581 sq mi) in its contiguous zone, 471,507 km2 (182,050 sq mi) of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean under the concept of exclusive economic zone, and 99,889 km2 (38,567 sq mi) of continental shelf. This marine area borders those of 13 states. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas. The country has extremely high biodiversity and is ranked seventh in the world's list of nations with the most number of species. There are habitats ranging from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon basin rain-forest in the south via extensive llanos plains, the Caribbean coast and the Orinoco River Delta in the east.\nThe sovereign state is a federal presidential republic consisting of 23 states, the Capital District (covering Caracas), and federal dependencies (covering Venezuela's offshore islands). Venezuela also claims all Guyanese territory west of the Essequibo River, a 159,500-square-kilometre (61,583 sq mi) tract dubbed Guayana Esequiba or the Zona en Reclamaci\u00f3n (the \"zone under dispute\"). Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north, especially in the capital (Caracas) which is also the largest city in Venezuela.\nThe territory now known as Venezuela was colonized by Spain in 1522 amid resistance from indigenous peoples. In 1811, it became one of the first Spanish-American territories to declare independence, which was not securely established until 1821, when Venezuela was a department of the federal republic of Gran Colombia. It gained full independence as a country in 1830. During the 19th century, Venezuela suffered political turmoil and autocracy, remaining dominated by regional caudillos (military strongmen) until the mid-20th century. Since 1958, the country has had a series of democratic governments. Economic shocks in the 1980s and 1990s led to several political crises, including the deadly Caracazo riots of 1989, two attempted coups in 1992, and the impeachment of President Carlos Andr\u00e9s P\u00e9rez for embezzlement of public funds in 1993. A collapse in confidence in the existing parties saw the 1998 election of former coup-involved career officer Hugo Ch\u00e1vez and the launch of the Bolivarian Revolution. The revolution began with a 1999 Constituent Assembly, where a new Constitution of Venezuela was written. This new constitution officially changed the name of the country to Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica Bolivariana de Venezuela).\nOil was discovered in the early 20th century, and today, Venezuela has the world's largest known oil reserves and has been one of the world's leading exporters of oil. Previously, the country was an underdeveloped exporter of agricultural commodities such as coffee and cocoa, but oil quickly came to dominate exports and government revenues. The 1980s oil glut led to an external debt crisis and a long-running economic crisis. Inflation peaked at 100% in 1996 and poverty rates rose to 66% in 1995 as (by 1998) per capita GDP fell to the same level as 1963, down a third from its 1978 peak. The recovery of oil prices in the early 2000s gave Venezuela oil funds not seen since the 1980s. The Venezuelan government under Hugo Ch\u00e1vez then established populist social welfare policies that initially boosted the Venezuelan economy and increased social spending, temporarily reducing economic inequality and poverty in the early years of the regime. In 2013, Hugo Ch\u00e1vez died, shortly after being elected to a fourth term, and was succeeded by Nicol\u00e1s Maduro, elected by a narrow majority in a widely disputed election. Maduro continued the populist policies of Ch\u00e1vez, but with disastrous results. The nation's economy collapsed because of their excesses\u2014including a uniquely extreme fossil fuel subsidy\u2014and are widely blamed for destabilizing the nation's economy. The destabilized economy led to a crisis in Venezuela, resulting in hyperinflation, an economic depression, shortages of basic goods and drastic increases in unemployment, poverty, disease, child mortality, malnutrition and crime. These factors have precipitated the Venezuelan migrant crisis where more than three million people have fled the country. By 2017, Venezuela was declared to be in default regarding debt payments by credit rating agencies. In 2018, the country's economic policies led to extreme hyperinflation, with estimates expecting an inflation rate of 1,370,000% by the end of the year and 10,000,000% in 2019.\nVenezuela is a charter member of the UN, OAS, UNASUR, ALBA, Mercosur, LAIA and OEI.", "Q3410": "Hertfordshire ( (listen); often abbreviated Herts) is one of the home counties in southern England. It is bordered by Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire to the north, Essex to the east, Greater London to the south, and Buckinghamshire to the west. For government statistical purposes, it is placed in the East of England region.\nIn 2013, the county had a population of 1,140,700 in an area of 634 square miles (1,640 km2). The four towns that have between 50,000 and 100,000 residents are Hemel Hempstead, Stevenage, Watford and the only city in the county, St Albans. Hertford, once the main market town for the medieval agricultural county, derives its name from a hart (stag) and a ford, used as the components of the county's coat of arms and flag. Elevations are high for the region in the north and west. These reach over 800 feet (240 m) in the western projection around Tring which is in the Chilterns. The county's borders are approximately the watersheds of the Colne and Lea; both flowing to the south; each accompanied by a canal. Hertfordshire's undeveloped land is mainly agricultural and much is protected by green belt.\nThe county's landmarks span many centuries, ranging from the Six Hills in the new town of Stevenage built by local inhabitants during the Roman period, to Leavesden Film Studios. The volume of intact medieval and Tudor buildings surpasses London, in places in well-preserved conservation areas, especially in St Albans which includes some remains of Verulamium, the town where in the 3rd century an early recorded British martyrdom took place. Saint Alban, a Romano-British soldier, took the place of a Christian priest and was beheaded on Holywell Hill. His martyr's cross of a yellow saltire on a blue field is reflected in the flag and coat of arms of Hertfordshire.\nHertfordshire is well-served with motorways and railways, providing good access to London. The largest sector of the economy of the county is in services.", "Q536959": "Lana Jean Gordon is an American singer, best known for her appearances in Broadway and theatre productions.", "Q246997": "Before Night Falls is a 2000 American biographical romantic drama directed by Julian Schnabel. The film is based on both the autobiography of the same name by Reinaldo Arenas\u2014published in English in 1993\u2014as well as Jana Bokov\u00e1's 1990 documentary Havana.\nThe screenplay was co-written by Schnabel, L\u00e1zaro G\u00f3mez Carriles and Cunningham O'Keefe. The film stars Javier Bardem (who was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor), Johnny Depp, Olivier Martinez, Andrea Di Stefano, Santiago Magill and Michael Wincott. The film had its world premiere at the 2000 Venice International Film Festival.", "Q1074226": "Shigeru Joshima (\u57ce\u5cf6 \u8302, J\u014dshima Shigeru, born November 17, 1970) is a Japanese musician and actor. He is the leader and main guitarist of Tokio, a Johnny & Associates musical group.", "Q48734": "Marmaduke is a 2010 American live action film adaptation of Brad Anderson's comic strip of the same name. The film centers on a rural Kansas family and their pets; a Great Dane named Marmaduke (voiced by Owen Wilson), and his best friend, a Balinese cat named Carlos (voiced by George Lopez); as the family relocates to California. The film was released on June 4, 2010 and was met with largely negative reviews.\n\n", "Q449627": "Nina Nastasia (; born May 13, 1966) is an American folk singer-songwriter. A native of Los Angeles, she first came to prominence in New York City in 2000 after Radio 1 disc jockey John Peel began giving her debut album, Dogs, airplay. The album earned Nastasia a cult following, and was re-released in 2004. Her third album, You Follow Me (2007), was a collaboration with Australian drummer Jim White of Dirty Three.\nAs of 2018, Nastasia has released a total of six studio albums, each produced by Steve Albini. Her musical style has been described as folk and country-influenced with neo-Gothic overtones, often featuring sparse acoustic guitar accompanied by string arrangements.", "Q1029135": "Nettwerk Music Group is the umbrella company for Nettwerk Records, Nettwerk Management, and Nettwerk One Publishing.Established in 1984, the Vancouver-based company was originally created by Nettwerk principals Terry McBride, Mark Jowett, Ric Arboit and Dan Fraser, as a record label to distribute recordings by the band Moev, but the label expanded in Canada and internationally. Initially specializing in electronic music genres such as alternative dance and industrial, the label also became a powerful player in pop and rock in the late 1980s and 1990s, with label and management clients including Coldplay, Sarah McLachlan, Dido, and Barenaked Ladies.\nNettwerk has on its label, management and publishing rosters Perfume Genius, The Veils, fun., Passenger, Christina Perri, Guster, Family of the Year, Beta Radio, and \u00d3lafur Arnalds.", "Q6745575": "Mamdouh bin Abdulaziz (born 1940) is the former governor of the Tabuk Province and a member of Saudi royal family, House of Saud.\n\n", "Q7714375": "The Art Institute of Fort Lauderdale is a former for-profit art and culinary school in Fort Lauderdale, Florida which closed in 2018. The school was one of a number of Art Institutes, a franchise of for-profit art colleges with many branches in North America, owned and operated by Education Management Corporation. EDMC owned the college from 1973 until 2017, when, facing declining enrollment and accreditation issues at some of its schools, the company sold the Art Institute of Fort Lauderdale, along with other properties, to Dream Center Education, a Los Angeles-based Pentecostal organization. Dream Center Education planned to operate the school, along with others it acquired, as a non-profit. The plan proved unsustainable, with Dream Center permanently closing 18 Art Institute schools, including Art Institute of Fort Lauderdale, at the end of 2018.", "Q97356": "Ingrid Stampa (born February 23, 1950) is a German member of the Schoenstatt Movement and professor of viola da gamba who worked with Pope Benedict XVI. Hille Perl was one of her students. She had been a subject of some debate during the Vatican leaks scandal, but continued to work in the Secretariat of State. She denied some things stated of her in regard to the scandal, but also stated leaker Paolo Gabriele \"has a great love for and a high opinion of the Pope and the Church\" and had a good family.", "Q586724": "Royden Axe (September 1937 \u2013 5 October 2010) was a British car designer.", "Q311165": "Siddig El Tahir El Fadil El Siddig Abderrahman Mohammed Ahmed Abdel Karim El Mahdi (Arabic: \u0635\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a\u200e \u1e62idd\u012bq a\u1e6d-\u1e6c\u0101hir al-F\u0101\u1e0dil a\u1e63-\u1e62idd\u012bq \u02bfAbd ar-Ra\u1e25man Mu\u1e25ammad \u02beA\u1e25mad \u02bfAbd al-Kar\u012bm al-Mahd\u012b; born 21 November 1965) is a Sudanese-born English actor. He is known by the stage names Siddig El Fadil through the mid-1990s and Alexander Siddig since.\nA graduate of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, Siddig is known for playing Dr. Julian Bashir in the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Philip Burton in Primeval, Carthaginian general Hannibal in Hannibal (2006), and King Minos in Atlantis. He also has an appearance in the sixth season of 24 as Hamri Al-Assad, and in Gotham as Ra's al Ghul.\nIn film he played Prince Nasir Al-Subaai in Syriana (2005), Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani in Kingdom of Heaven (2005), Tareq Khalifa in Cairo Time.", "Q98065": "Siegfried R\u00e4del (7 March 1893 - 10 May 1943) was a German politician, a member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and a resistance fighter against the Nazi r\u00e9gime.", "Q109786": "Timo Rose (born February 22, 1977 in Rellingen, West Germany) is a German horror and science fiction filmmaker, rapper, and founder of the production company Sword of Independence Filmworks (later Germaica/Rosecalypse Films and Records).", "Q1020677": "B\u00fclent Eczac\u0131ba\u015f\u0131 (Turkish pronunciation: [by\u02c8lent ed\u0292za\u02d0d\u0292\u026fba\u02c8\u0283\u026f], born 1949) is a Turkish businessman. Currently, he serves as chairman of the board at Eczac\u0131ba\u015f\u0131 Holding, a prominent Turkish conglomerate.", "Q3070639": "Teichiku Records (\u30c6\u30a4\u30c1\u30af\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9, Teichiku Rek\u014ddo) is a Japanese record label, run by Teichiku Entertainment (\u30c6\u30a4\u30c1\u30af\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30c6\u30a4\u30f3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8, Teichiku Entateinmento), that specializes in enka, kay\u014dkyoku, and similar music. Teichiku is an abbreviation for Teikoku Chikuonki (\u5e1d\u56fd\u84c4\u97f3\u6a5f, lit. Imperial Records), the former name of the company. Teichiku Entertainment also runs the record labels Imperial Records, Takumi Note, and Union Records (\u30e6\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9, Yunion Rek\u014ddo). It is a division of commercial karaoke manufacturer XING Inc., itself a subsidiary of Brother Industries.", "Q968260": "Carlos Cardoso (1951 \u2013 22 November 2000) was a Mozambican journalist. His murder in 2000 followed his newspaper's investigation into corruption in the privatisation of Mozambique's biggest bank.", "Q1673712": "Isao Hosoe (8 March \n1942 \u2013 3 October 2015) was a Japanese engineer and designer.", "Q484641": "Pop rock (also typeset as pop/rock) is rock music with a greater emphasis on professional songwriting and recording craft, and less emphasis on attitude. Originating in the late 1950s as an alternative to normal rock and roll, early pop rock was influenced by the beat, arrangements, and original style of rock and roll (and occasionally doo-wop). It may be viewed as a distinct genre field, rather than music that overlaps with pop and rock. The detractors of pop rock often deride it as a slick, commercial product, less authentic than normal rock music.", "Q1373297": "Father Eugenio Barsanti (12 October 1821 \u2013 19 April 1864), also named Nicol\u00f2, was an Italian engineer, who together with Felice Matteucci of Florence invented the first version of the internal combustion engine in 1853. Their patent request was granted in London on June 12, 1854, and published in London's Morning Journal under the title \"Specification of Eugene Barsanti and Felix Matteucci, Obtaining Motive Power by the Explosion of Gasses\", as documented by the Fondazione Barsanti e Matteucci.", "Q1207": "North Dakota ( (listen)) is a U.S. state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States. It is the nineteenth largest in area, the fourth smallest by population, and the fourth most sparsely populated of the 50 states. North Dakota was admitted to the Union on November 2, 1889, along with its neighboring state, South Dakota. Its capital is Bismarck, and its largest city is Fargo.\nIn the 21st century, North Dakota's natural resources have played a major role in its economic performance, particularly with the oil extraction from the Bakken formation, which lies beneath the northwestern part of the state. Such development has led to population growth and reduced unemployment, resulting in North Dakota's having the second lowest unemployment rate in the nation (Hawaii's is lowest).North Dakota contains the tallest man-made structure in the Western Hemisphere, the KVLY-TV mast.", "Q2239802": "William Albert Wilson (November 3, 1914 \u2013 December 5, 2009) was an American diplomat and businessman from Los Angeles.", "Q74973": "Gerhard Mayer-Vorfelder (3 March 1933 \u2013 17 August 2015), often called \"MV\", was the Vice President of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). Prior to his UEFA career, Mayer-Vorfelder was a politician of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, and served in the state cabinet of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg from 1976 to 1998. He was later president of German soccer club VfB Stuttgart, and the German Football Association.", "Q91041": "Kevin Vennemann (born 1977) is a German author.\nVennemann was born in Dorsten, North Rhine-Westphalia, in 1977. He began writing short fiction while studying comparative literature at Cologne University. However, he made no effort to publish his stories until he had enough for a collection, which he then took to the small Cologne publisher Tropen Verlag, which immediately published the collection as Wolfskinderringe. It got little attention, and Vennemann went on to study history and American and Scandinavian Studies at colleges and universities in Vienna, Innsbruck, and Berlin before completing his first novel, Close to Jedenew. Unusual in being a consideration of the Holocaust at a time when young German writers had generally ceased such discussion, it was an immediate sensation and drew critical praise, leading to its subsequent publication across the continent by some of Europe's leading publishing houses. Vennemann currently lives in Los Angeles, California, where he teaches German at Scripps College.", "Q440603": "Alicia Banit is an Australian actress and dancer best known for her role as Kat in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) television series Dance Academy.", "Q723320": "Paul Klebnikov (Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u043b\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432; August 6, 1964 \u2013 July 9, 2004) was an American journalist and historian of Russian history. He worked for Forbes magazine for more than 10 years and at the time of his death was chief editor of the Russian edition of Forbes. His murder in Moscow in 2004 was seen as a blow against investigative journalism in Russia. Three Chechens accused of taking part in the murder were acquitted. Though the murder appeared to be the work of assassins for hire, as of 2018, the organizers of the murder had yet to be identified.", "Q55765": "Indira Sant (Marathi: \u0907\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0924; 4 January 1914 \u2013 13 July 2000) was a Marathi poet from Maharashtra, India.", "Q43107": "Diocletian (; Latin: Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus; born Diocles; 22 December 244 \u2013 3 December 311), was a Roman emperor from 284 to 305. Born to a family of low status in Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become a cavalry commander of the Emperor Carus's army. After the deaths of Carus and his son Numerian on campaign in Persia, Diocletian was proclaimed emperor. The title was also claimed by Carus's surviving son, Carinus, but Diocletian defeated him in the Battle of the Margus.\nDiocletian's reign stabilized the empire and marks the end of the Crisis of the Third Century. He appointed fellow officer Maximian as Augustus, co-emperor, in 286. Diocletian reigned in the Eastern Empire, and Maximian reigned in the Western Empire. Diocletian delegated further on 1 March 293, appointing Galerius and Constantius as Caesars, junior co-emperors, under himself and Maximian respectively. Under this 'tetrarchy', or \"rule of four\", each emperor would rule over a quarter-division of the empire. Diocletian secured the empire's borders and purged it of all threats to his power. He defeated the Sarmatians and Carpi during several campaigns between 285 and 299, the Alamanni in 288, and usurpers in Egypt between 297 and 298. Galerius, aided by Diocletian, campaigned successfully against Sassanid Persia, the empire's traditional enemy. In 299 he sacked their capital, Ctesiphon. Diocletian led the subsequent negotiations and achieved a lasting and favourable peace.\nDiocletian separated and enlarged the empire's civil and military services and reorganized the empire's provincial divisions, establishing the largest and most bureaucratic government in the history of the empire. He established new administrative centres in Nicomedia, Mediolanum, Sirmium, and Trevorum, closer to the empire's frontiers than the traditional capital at Rome. Building on third-century trends towards absolutism, he styled himself an autocrat, elevating himself above the empire's masses with imposing forms of court ceremonies and architecture. Bureaucratic and military growth, constant campaigning, and construction projects increased the state's expenditures and necessitated a comprehensive tax reform. From at least 297 on, imperial taxation was standardized, made more equitable, and levied at generally higher rates.\nNot all of Diocletian's plans were successful: the Edict on Maximum Prices (301), his attempt to curb inflation via price controls, was counterproductive and quickly ignored. Although effective while he ruled, Diocletian's tetrarchic system collapsed after his abdication under the competing dynastic claims of Maxentius and Constantine, sons of Maximian and Constantius respectively. The Diocletianic Persecution (303\u2013312), the empire's last, largest, and bloodiest official persecution of Christianity, failed to eliminate Christianity in the empire; indeed, after 324, Christianity became the empire's preferred religion under Constantine. Despite these failures and challenges, Diocletian's reforms fundamentally changed the structure of Roman imperial government and helped stabilize the empire economically and militarily, enabling the empire to remain essentially intact for another 150 years despite being near the brink of collapse in Diocletian's youth. Weakened by illness, Diocletian left the imperial office on 1 May 305, and became the first Roman emperor to abdicate the position voluntarily. He lived out his retirement in his palace on the Dalmatian coast, tending to his vegetable gardens. His palace eventually became the core of the modern-day city of Split in Croatia.", "Q357656": "Silas Weir Mitchell (born Silas Weir Mitchell Neilson; September 30, 1969) is an American character actor. He is known for starring as Charles \"Haywire\" Patoshik in the Fox television series Prison Break (2005\u20132007) and as Monroe in the NBC television series Grimm (2011\u20132017).", "Q434182": "Yigal Hurvitz (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05b4\u05d2\u05b8\u05bc\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc \u05d4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05e5; 15 October 1918 \u2013 10 January 1994) was an Israeli politician who served as a government minister in the late 1970s and 1980s.", "Q152782": "Maria Annunziata Carolina Murat (French: Marie Annonciade Caroline Murat; n\u00e9e Bonaparte; 25 March 1782 \u2013 18 May 1839), better known as Caroline Bonaparte, was the seventh surviving child and third surviving daughter of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino, and a younger sister of Napoleon I of France. She was queen of Naples during the reign of her spouse there, and regent of Naples during his absence four times: in 1812-13, 1813, 1814 and 1815.", "Q3376": "Trento (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8trento] (listen); also anglicized as Trent; Ladin: Tr\u00e8nt; German: Trient; Cimbrian: Tria) is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th century, the city was the location of the Council of Trent. Formerly part of Austria and Austria-Hungary, it was annexed by Italy in 1919. With almost 120,000 inhabitants, Trento is the third largest city in the Alps and second largest in the Tyrol.\nTrento is an educational, scientific, financial and political centre in Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol, in Tyrol and Northern Italy in general. The University of Trento ranks 2nd among 'medium-sized' Universities in the Census ranking and 5th in the Il Sole 24 Ore ranking of Italian universities. The city contains a picturesque Medieval and Renaissance historic centre, with ancient buildings such as Trento Cathedral and the Castello del Buonconsiglio.\nTogether with other Alpine towns Trento engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc.\nTrento was awarded the title of Alpine Town of the Year 2004.\nThe city often ranks highly among Italian cities for quality of life, standard of living, and business and job opportunities, being ranked 5th in 2017. Trento is also one of the nation's wealthiest and most prosperous cities, with its province being one of the richest in Italy, with a GDP per capita of \u20ac31,200 and a GDP (nominal) of \u20ac16.563 billion.", "Q189186": "Sir Zelman Cowen, (7 October 1919 \u2013 8 December 2011) was an Australian legal scholar and university administrator who served as the 19th Governor-General of Australia, in office from 1977 to 1982.\nCowen was born in Melbourne, and attended Scotch College before going on to the University of Melbourne. His studies were interrupted by World War II, during which he served in the Royal Australian Navy. After the war's end, Cowen attended New College, Oxford, on a Rhodes Scholarship. He subsequently won the prestigious Vinerian Scholarship as the best student in the Bachelor of Civil Law degree. He remained at Oxford after graduating, serving as a fellow of Oriel College from 1947 to 1950.\nIn 1951, Cowen returned to Australia to become dean of the law faculty at the University of Melbourne. In 1953, still while at The University of Melbourne, he was awarded a Fulbright Senior Scholarship in Law to Harvard University. He became known as an expert on constitutional law, and was a visiting professor at a number of overseas institutions. He later served as vice-chancellor of the University of New England (1966\u20131970) and the University of Queensland (1970\u20131977). In 1977, Malcolm Fraser appointed Cowen to succeed John Kerr as governor-general. He was an uncontroversial choice, and became the second Jewish holder of the position, after Sir Isaac Isaacs. After leaving office, Cowen returned to academia, serving as provost of Oriel College, Oxford, from 1982 to 1990.", "Q16648": "Monte San Giorgio is a wooded mountain (1,097 m above sea level) of the Lugano Prealps, overlooking Lake Lugano in Switzerland. It lies in the southern part of the canton of Ticino, between the municipalities of Brusino Arsizio, Riva San Vitale and Meride. Monte San Giorgio became a UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2003, because it \"is the single best known record of marine life in the Middle Triassic period, and records important remains of life on land as well.\" The Italian region west of Poncione d'Arzo (Porto Ceresio) was added as an extension to the World Heritage Site in 2010.\nIn Meride is the Museum of fossils from Monte San Giorgio, designed by the Ticinese architect Mario Botta.", "Q1338080": "Thomas Joseph Pendergast (July 22, 1872 \u2013 January 26, 1945), also known as T.J. Pendergast, was an American political boss who controlled Kansas City and Jackson County, Missouri from 1925 to 1939. Although he only briefly held elected office as an alderman, Pendergast, in his capacity as Chairman of the Jackson County Democratic Party, was able to use his large network of family and friends to help elect politicians (through voter fraud in some cases) and hand out government contracts and patronage jobs. He became wealthy in the process, although his addiction to gambling, especially horse racing, later led to a large accumulation of personal debts. In 1939, he was convicted of income tax evasion and served 15 months in a Federal prison. The Pendergast organization helped launch the political career of Harry S. Truman, a fact that caused Truman's enemies to dub him \"The Senator from Pendergast.\"Two of his biographers have summed up Pendergast's uniqueness:\n\nPendergast may bear comparison to various big-city bosses, but his open alliance with hardened criminals, his cynical subversion of the democratic process, his monarchistic style of living, his increasingly insatiable gambling habit, his grasping for a business empire, and his promotion of Kansas City as a wide-open town with every kind of vice imaginable, combined with his professed compassion for the poor and very real role as city builder, made him bigger than life, difficult to characterize.", "Q2215456": "Piyasvasti Amranand (Thai: \u0e1b\u0e34\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e34\u0e4c \u0e2d\u0e31\u0e21\u0e23\u0e30\u0e19\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e19\u0e4c; RTGS: Piyasavasti Ammaranan, born 11 July 1953) was Thailand's Energy Minister between 9 October 2006 and 6 February 2008. He is former Secretary-General of the Thai National Energy Policy Office, Chairman of Kasikorn Asset Management, and Chairman of Panel of Advisors for the CEO of Kasikornbank. He was President of Thai Airways International between October 2009 and June 2012. He is Chairman of PTT Public Company Limited, board member of Kasikorn Bank, and board member of Pruksa Holding public company limited. Piyasvasti also plays active roles in three non-profit organizations as founding and core member of the Energy Reform for Sustainability Group (ERS); Chairman of the Energy for Environment Foundation, a non-profit organization undertaking renewable energy and energy efficiency projects; and as president of the Ski and Snowboard Association of Thailand.", "Q228928": "Eva Marie Saint (born July 4, 1924) is an American actress. In a career spanning 70 years, she is known for starring in Elia Kazan's On the Waterfront (1954), for which she won an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, and Alfred Hitchcock's North by Northwest (1959). \nShe received Golden Globe and BAFTA Award nominations for A Hatful of Rain (1957) and won a Primetime Emmy Award for the television miniseries People Like Us (1990). Her film career also includes roles in Raintree County (1957), Exodus (1960), The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1965), Grand Prix (1966), Nothing in Common (1986), Because of Winn-Dixie (2005), Superman Returns (2006), and Winter's Tale (2014).\n\n", "Q496523": "The heist film or caper film is a subgenre of crime film. One of the early defining heist films was The Asphalt Jungle (1950), which Film Genre 2000 wrote \"almost single-handedly popularized the genre for mainstream cinema\". It featured robbers whose personal failings ultimately led to the failure of their robbery. Similar films using this formula were Armored Car Robbery (1950), The Killing (1956), and The Getaway (1972). By the 1990s, heist films \"experiment and play with these conventions\" and focused more on character relationships than the crime itself.", "Q285062": "Michael Stanley Whittingham (22 December 1941) is a British-American chemist. He is currently a professor of chemistry and director of both the Institute for Materials Research and the Materials Science and Engineering program at Binghamton University. He also serves as director of the Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES), a U.S. Department of Energy Energy Frontier Research (EFRC) Center at Binghamton. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019 alongside Akira Yoshino and John B. Goodenough.Whittingham is a key figure in the history of the development of lithium-ion batteries, which now are used in everything from mobile phones to electric vehicles. He discovered the intercalation electrodes in 1970s for the first time and thoroughly described the concept of intercalation reaction for rechargeable batteries in the late of 1970s. He holds the original patents on the concept of the use of intercalation chemistry in high-power density, highly reversible lithium batteries. And he invented the first rechargeable lithium ion battery, patented in 1977 and assigned to Exxon. His work on lithium battery laid the foundations for other followers' later developments. Therefore, he is the called Founding Father of rechargeable lithium batteries.\n\n", "Q579928": "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie is a 2004 American live-action/animated adventure comedy film based on the Nickelodeon animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. The film was co-written, directed, and produced by series creator Stephen Hillenburg, with live-action sequences directed by Mark Osborne. It features the series' cast of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Clancy Brown, Rodger Bumpass and Mr. Lawrence, and also has new actors which include Alec Baldwin, David Hasselhoff (as himself), Scarlett Johansson and Jeffrey Tambor. It is the first film in the SpongeBob SquarePants film series. In this film, Plankton devises a plan to discredit his business nemesis Mr. Krabs, steal the Krabby Patty secret formula and take over the world by stealing King Neptune's crown and framing Mr. Krabs for the crime. SpongeBob and Patrick team up to retrieve the crown from Shell City to save Mr. Krabs from Neptune's wrath and the oceanic world from Plankton's rule.\nPrevious offers by Paramount Pictures for a film adaptation of SpongeBob SquarePants had been rejected by Stephen Hillenburg, but he eventually accepted one offer in 2002. A writing team consisting of Hillenburg, Paul Tibbitt, Derek Drymon, Aaron Springer, Kent Osborne and Tim Hill was assembled, conceiving the idea of a mythical hero's quest and the search for a stolen crown, which would bring SpongeBob and Patrick to the surface. The film was originally intended as the series finale, but Nickelodeon ordered more episodes of the series as it had become increasingly profitable, so Hillenburg resigned as showrunner with Tibbitt taking his place.\nThe film was widely promoted by Paramount and Nickelodeon, with tie-in promotions made by 7-Eleven, the Cayman Islands and Burger King, which decorated various of its franchises with 9-foot (2.7 m) SpongeBob inflatable figures. The film was released on November 19, 2004, grossing $140 million worldwide, and received generally positive reviews from critics. A second film titled The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water was released on February 6, 2015, and another titled The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run is scheduled for release on August 7, 2020.\n\n", "Q218633": "Vasily Alexeyevich Pashkevich also Paskevich (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 or \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447) (c. 1742 \u2013 March 20, 1797 in St. Petersburg) was a Russian composer, singer, violinist and teacher who lived during the time of Catherine the Great.", "Q303207": "Eric Hilliard Nelson (May 8, 1940 \u2013 December 31, 1985), known professionally as Ricky Nelson until his 21st birthday when he officially dropped the \"y\" and simply became Rick Nelson, was an American pop star, musician, and singer-songwriter. From age eight he starred alongside his family in the radio and television series The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet. In 1957 he began a long and successful career as a popular recording artist. As one of the top \"teen idols\" of the 1950s his fame led to a motion picture role co-starring alongside John Wayne and Dean Martin in Howard Hawks's western feature film Rio Bravo (1959). He placed 53 songs on the Billboard Hot 100, and its predecessors, between 1957 and 1973, including \"Poor Little Fool\" in 1958, which was the first #1 song on Billboard magazine's then-newly created Hot 100 chart. He recorded 19 additional Top 10 hits and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on January 21, 1987. In 1996 Nelson was ranked No. 49 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time.Nelson began his entertainment career in 1949 playing himself in the radio sitcom series The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet. In 1952, he appeared in his first feature film, Here Come the Nelsons. In 1957, he recorded his first single, debuted as a singer on the television version of the sitcom, and released the No. 1 album titled Ricky. In 1958, Nelson released his first #1 single, \"Poor Little Fool\", and in 1959 received a Golden Globe nomination for \"Most Promising Male Newcomer\" after starring in Rio Bravo. A few films followed, and when the television series was cancelled in 1966, Nelson made occasional appearances as a guest star on various television programs.\nNelson and Sharon Kristin Harmon were married on April 20, 1963, and divorced in December 1982. They had four children: Tracy Kristine, twin sons Gunnar Eric and Matthew Gray, and Sam Hilliard.", "Q85034": "Peter Waterhouse (March 24, 1956) is an Austrian writer and translator.\nBorn to of a British father and an Austrian mother, he studied German and English literature at the University of Vienna, and later in Los Angeles, where he completed a PhD on Paul Celan. He has won a number of important literary prizes, including the manuskripte prize (1990), the Heimito von Doderer Prize (1997), the Austrian State Prize for Translation (2002), the H.C. Artmann Prize (2004), and the Erich Fried Prize (2007).\nHe translates poetry into German from both English and Italian.", "Q318169": "Abe Lincoln in Illinois is a 1940 biographical film that depicts the life of Abraham Lincoln from his departure from Kentucky until his election as President of the United States. In the UK, the film is known by the alternate title Spirit of the People. The film was adapted by Grover Jones and Robert E. Sherwood from Sherwood's Pulitzer Prize-winning play of the same name. It was directed by John Cromwell.\nThe film stars Raymond Massey and Howard Da Silva, who reprised their roles from the original Broadway production of Abe Lincoln in Illinois, playing Abe Lincoln and Jack Armstrong respectively. Herbert Rudley, who had portrayed Seth Gale in the play, also repeated his role in the film version. The film also marks the screen debut of Ruth Gordon in the role of Mary Todd Lincoln.The film received Academy Award nominations for Best Actor in a Leading Role (Raymond Massey) and Best Cinematography, Black-and-White (James Wong Howe).", "Q14077": "Juana Manuela Gorriti (June 15, 1818 \u2013 November 6, 1892) was an Argentine writer with extensive political and literary links to Bolivia and Peru.", "Q101494": "Dolf Sternberger (originally Adolf Sternberger; July 28, 1907 in Wiesbaden \u2013 July 27, 1989 in Frankfurt/Main) was a German philosopher and political scientist at the University of Heidelberg. Dolf Sternberger is known for his concept of citizenship in contemporary German political thought, and for coining the term \"constitutional patriotism\" (Verfassungspatriotismus) on the occasion of the 30th birthday (in 1979) of the Federal Republic.He is next to Hannah Arendt, Leo Strauss, and Eric Voegelin among the political scientists of his generation that represented the normative approach to political science (Vogel, 2008).", "Q111687": "Fritz Wilhelm Maxin (17 July 1885 \u2013 5 March 1960) was a German politician and lay preacher.", "Q348986": "Davis Richard Cleveland (born February 5, 2002) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Flynn Jones on the Disney Channel original series Shake It Up. Cleveland starred as Manny in the 2016 Nickelodeon Original Movie Rufus and its 2017 sequel Rufus 2.", "Q1261877": "James Ehnes, (born January 27, 1976) is a Canadian concert violinist and violist.", "Q4755651": "Andreas Tofte (28 March 1795 \u2013 27 September 1852) was a Norwegian businessperson, elected official and philanthropist. He served as the first Mayor of Oslo, Norway.", "Q6226": "St Albans () is a city in Hertfordshire, England and the major urban area in the City and District of St Albans. It lies east of Hemel Hempstead and west of Hatfield, about 20 miles (32 km) north-northwest of central London, 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Welwyn Garden City and 11 miles (18 km) south-southeast of Luton. St Albans was the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street for travellers heading north, and it became the Roman city of Verulamium. It is a historic market town and is now a dormitory town within the London commuter belt and the Greater London Built-up Area.", "Q1687863": "Gerald \"Jerry\" Segal (February 16, 1931 - August 1974) was an American jazz drummer.\nSegal was born and raised in Philadelphia, where he worked with Bennie Green and Pete Rugolo in local clubs. In the late 1950s he played with Johnny Smith, Terry Gibbs, Teddy Charles, Stan Getz, Charles Mingus, Herbie Mann, Lennie Tristano, Bob Dorough, Teo Macero, Curtis Fuller, Hampton Hawes, Dick Cary, Mal Waldron, Addison Farmer, the Australian Jazz Quintet, and Mose Allison. He also played with Bernard Peiffer from 1958 to 1960 and with the composer Edgar Varese in the 1950s. He worked in 1960 with Dave McKenna. Raising his children, Jerry and Josylyn Segal, he was primarily the big act \"show drummer\" for the honeymoon resort, Mount Airy Lodge, in the Poconos through the 60's. .", "Q591516": "Zachary Baird (born February 16, 1971) is a keyboardist, known for collaborating with the band Korn. He is also noted for using the Moog synthesizer, as well as the Ondes Martenot.", "Q90377": "Ernst Schnabel (September 26, 1913 \u2013 January 25, 1986) was a German writer and pioneer of the radio documentary (feature). From 1951 to 1955 he was director of the Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk (NWDR).\nIn 1947 and 1950 Schnabel \"called on listeners to the North-West German radio station (NWDR) to cooperate in his features. His success points to a potential for further work in this sphere that has scarcely been tapped since then: 35,000 and 80,000 listeners respectively took part, with experiences, notes and references, in Schnabel's broadcasts, which in this way became their own.\"His first feature was Der 29. Januar 1947 (1947), issued as audiobook in 1988. The oratorio Das Flo\u00df der Medusa (The Raft of the Medusa) by the German composer Hans Werner Henze is based on Schnabel's libretto.", "Q44640": "Steve Borden (born March 20, 1959), better known by the ring name Sting, is an American retired professional wrestler, actor, author and former bodybuilder. He is currently signed to WWE under a Legends contract. He is regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time, having cultivated a legacy over a career spanning more than three decades.\nSting is widely known for his time spent as the public face of two major American professional wrestling promotions: the now-defunct World Championship Wrestling (WCW), which displaced the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) as the leading professional wrestling organization in the United States from 1995 to 1998, and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).Sting's 14-year association with WCW and its predecessor, Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP), began in 1987. He quickly rose to main event status and has been described as the WCW counterpart to the WWF's Hulk Hogan. Dubbed \"The Franchise of WCW\", he held a total of 15 championships in the promotion \u2013 including the WCW World Heavyweight Championship on six occasions, the WCW International World Heavyweight Championship on two occasions and the NWA World Heavyweight Championship on one occasion \u2013 and made more pay-per-view (PPV) appearances for the company than any other wrestler. Against 'Hollywood' Hulk Hogan, Sting headlined the highest-grossing PPV event in WCW history, Starrcade, in December 1997. Upon the acquisition of WCW by the WWF in March 2001, Sting and his long-term rival Ric Flair were chosen to perform in the main event of the final episode of Nitro.Following the expiration of his contract with WCW's parent company, AOL Time Warner, in March 2002, Borden held talks with the WWF, but ultimately did not join the promotion and instead toured internationally with World Wrestling All-Stars (WWA) \u2013 winning the WWA World Heavyweight Championship \u2013 before joining the then-upstart TNA in 2003. Over the following 11 years, he won the NWA World Heavyweight Championship on one further occasion and the TNA World Heavyweight Championship four times. As a result, he became the only wrestler to have won the NWA, WCW and TNA world championships in a career. He was also the inaugural inductee into the TNA Hall of Fame in 2012.\nPreviously described by WWE as the greatest wrestler never to have performed for that promotion, Sting finally joined the company in 2014, making his first appearance at Survivor Series and having his debut match at WrestleMania 31 the following year. His last ever professional wrestling match came at Night of Champions in September 2015, which also marked his sole WWE pay-per-view main event and WWE World Heavyweight Championship contest for the organization. Sting headlined the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2016 on April 2, where he announced his retirement. His induction renders him the first performer to be inducted into both the WWE and TNA Hall of Fame, as well as the second man to be inducted while an active WWE wrestler, after Ric Flair.\nSting held 25 total championships throughout his career, including 21 between WCW and TNA. Readers of Pro Wrestling Illustrated named him \"Most Popular Wrestler of the Year\" on four occasions, a record he shares with John Cena. In 2016, Sting was inducted into the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame. Slam! Sports wrote that he holds \"a lofty level of prestige that few will ever touch\".", "Q1389313": "Marcel Bozzuffi (28 October 1928 \u2013 1 February 1988) was a French film actor, perhaps best remembered for his role as a brutal hitman in the Oscar-winning American film The French Connection. In 1963, he married French actress Fran\u00e7oise Fabian. \n\n", "Q319277": "Mark William Lanegan (born November 25, 1964) is an American alternative rock musician and singer-songwriter. Born and raised in Ellensburg, Washington, Lanegan began his musical career in 1984, forming the psychedelic grunge band Screaming Trees with Gary Lee Conner, Van Conner and Mark Pickerel. During his time in the band, Lanegan also started a low-key solo career and released his first solo studio album, The Winding Sheet, in 1990. Since 1990, he has released a further ten (solo) studio albums, as well as several collaborative efforts, and has received critical recognition and moderate commercial success.\nLanegan has also collaborated with various artists and bands throughout his career, including with Kurt Cobain of Nirvana prior to the group's breakout success with their album, Nevermind, recording an unreleased album of songs by the folk singer Lead Belly. Lanegan also performed with Layne Staley and Mike McCready in the side band, Mad Season. It was intended that Lanegan was to take over vocals in Mad Season full-time after Staley declined to make a second album. Following the dissolution of Trees in 2000, he became a member of Queens of the Stone Age and is featured on five of the band's albums\u2014Rated R (2000), Songs for the Deaf (2002), Lullabies to Paralyze (2005), Era Vulgaris (2007) and ...Like Clockwork (2013). Lanegan also formed The Gutter Twins with Greg Dulli in 2003, released three collaboration albums with former Belle and Sebastian singer Isobel Campbell, and contributed to releases by Melissa Auf der Maur, Martina Topley-Bird, Creature with the Atom Brain, Moby, Bomb the Bass, Soulsavers, The Twilight Singers, Unkle, and Mad Season among others.\nLanegan has a distinctive baritone voice that has been described \"as scratchy as a three-day beard yet as supple and pliable as moccasin leather\" which has been compared to Leonard Cohen and Tom Waits.", "Q948826": "Frank Bra\u00f1a (born Francisco Bra\u00f1a P\u00e9rez; 24 February 1934 \u2013 13 February 2012) was a Spanish film actor.", "Q237820": "Genevi\u00e8ve Alison Jane Moyet ( MOY-ay; born 18 June 1961) is an English singer, songwriter and performer noted for her powerful bluesy contralto voice. She came to prominence as half of the duo Yazoo (also known as Yaz), but has since mainly worked as a solo artist.\nHer worldwide album sales have reached a certified 23 million, with over 2 million singles sold. All nine of her studio albums and three compilation albums have charted in the Top 30 UK Album Chart, with two of the albums reaching number one. She has also achieved nine Top 30 singles and five Top 10 hits in the UK Singles Chart. Her most recent album, her ninth, Other, was released 16 June 2017.", "Q962765": "Tarak Ben Ammar (Arabic: \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0631\u200e) (born on June 12, 1949 in Tunis, Tunisia) is an international film producer and distributor, (the owner of French production and distribution company Quinta Communications.) He is famous for his interest in artistic movies, especially when they are related to Mediterranean culture or require North African locations. His producing credits include the Franco Zeffirelli film adaptation of La Traviata and Claude Chabrol's Death Rite. On 19 May 2010, he announced a \"strategic relationship\" with the Weinstein Company.Ben Ammar became well known in France at the beginning of 2004 when he decided to distribute The Passion of The Christ after everybody else declined. He appeared on television talk shows, defending the movie. He is also known as the advisor of international investor Prince Al Waleed Bin Talal Bin Abdul Aziz, and French businessman Vincent Bollor\u00e9. He was raised in the Muslim religion.Ben Ammar currently lives in France, with two of his three sons, Neil and Tarak Jr., and his daughter Sonia.He was formerly a manager of Michael Jackson's HIStory World Tour.", "Q78": "Basel ( BAH-z\u0259l, German: [\u02c8ba\u02d0zl\u0329] (listen)) or Basle ( BAHL; French: B\u00e2le [b\u0251l]; Italian: Basilea [bazi\u02c8l\u025b\u02d0a]; Romansh: Basilea [bazi\u02c8le\u02d0a] (listen)) is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine. Basel is Switzerland's third-most-populous city (after Z\u00fcrich and Geneva) with about 180,000 inhabitants.Located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet, Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany. As of 2016, the Swiss Basel agglomeration was the third-largest in Switzerland, with a population of 541,000 in 74 municipalities in Switzerland (municipal count as of 2018). The initiative Trinational Eurodistrict Basel (TEB) of 62 suburban communes including municipalities in neighboring countries, counted 829,000 inhabitants in 2007. Basel is the most densely populated city in Switzerland.\nThe official language of Basel is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local Basel German dialect.\nThe city is known for its many internationally renowned museums, ranging from the Kunstmuseum, the first collection of art accessible to the public in Europe (1661) and the largest museum of art in the whole of Switzerland, to the Fondation Beyeler (located in Riehen). The University of Basel, Switzerland's oldest university (founded in 1460), and the city's centuries-long commitment to humanism, have made Basel a safe haven at times of political unrest in other parts of Europe for such notable people as Erasmus of Rotterdam, the Holbein family, Friedrich Nietzsche, and in the 20th century also Hermann Hesse and Karl Jaspers.\nThe city of Basel is Switzerland's second-largest economic centre after the city of Z\u00fcrich and has the highest GDP per capita in the country, ahead of the cantons of Zug and Geneva. In terms of value, over 94% of Basel City's goods exports are in the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors. With production facilities located in the neighboring Schweizerhalle, Basel accounts for 20% of Swiss exports and generates one third of the national product.Basel has been the seat of a Prince-Bishopric since the 11th century, and joined the Swiss Confederacy in 1501. The city has been a commercial hub and an important cultural centre since the Renaissance, and has emerged as a centre for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries in the 20th century. In 1897, Basel was chosen by Theodor Herzl as the location for the first World Zionist Congress, and altogether the congress has been held there ten times over a time span of 50 years, more than in any other location. The city is also home to the world headquarters of the Bank for International Settlements. The name of the city is internationally well known through institutions like the Basel Accords, Art Basel and FC Basel.\nIn 2019 Basel, was ranked among the ten most liveable cities in the world by Mercer together with Z\u00fcrich and Geneva.", "Q37876": "Natalie Portman (born Neta-Lee Hershlag; June 9, 1981) is an actress and filmmaker with dual Israeli and American citizenship. Prolific in film since a teenager, she has starred in blockbusters and also played psychologically troubled women in independent films, for which she has received various accolades, including an Academy Award and two Golden Globe Awards.\nPortman began her acting career at age 12 by starring as the young prot\u00e9g\u00e9e of a hitman in the action drama film L\u00e9on: The Professional (1994). While in high school, she made her Broadway theatre debut in a 1998 production of The Diary of a Young Girl and gained international recognition for starring as Padm\u00e9 Amidala in Star Wars: Episode I \u2013 The Phantom Menace (1999). From 1999 to 2003, Portman attended Harvard University for a bachelor's degree in psychology, while continuing to act in the Star Wars prequel trilogy (2002, 2005) and in The Public Theater's 2001 revival of Anton Chekhov's play The Seagull. In 2004, Portman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won a Golden Globe Award for playing a mysterious stripper in the romantic drama Closer.\nPortman's career progressed with her starring roles as Evey Hammond in V for Vendetta (2006), Anne Boleyn in The Other Boleyn Girl (2008), and a troubled ballerina in the psychological horror film Black Swan (2010), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She went on to star in the romantic comedy No Strings Attached (2011) and featured as Jane Foster in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films Thor (2011), and Thor: The Dark World (2013), which established her among the best-paid actresses in the world. She has since portrayed Jacqueline Kennedy in the biopic Jackie (2016), gaining her third Academy Award nomination, and a biologist in the science fiction film Annihilation (2018).\nPortman's directorial ventures include the short film Eve (2008) and the biographical drama A Tale of Love and Darkness (2015). She is vocal about the politics of America and Israel, and is an advocate for animal rights and environmental causes. She is married to dancer and choreographer Benjamin Millepied, with whom she has two children.", "Q736063": "Niels Fredrik Dahl (born 11 May 1957) is a Norwegian novelist, poet and dramatist. He was awarded the Brage Prize in 2002 for the novel P\u00e5 vei til en venn. He has also written scripts for TV series. Dahl is married to author and journalist Linn Ullmann.\n\n", "Q1641788": "The University of Rhode Island (URI) is a public research university with its main campus in Kingston, Rhode Island. It is the flagship public research as well as the land grant and sea grant university for the state of Rhode Island. Its main campus is located in the village of Kingston in southern Rhode Island. Additionally, smaller campuses include the Feinstein Campus in Providence, the Rhode Island Nursing Education Center in Providence, the Narragansett Bay Campus in Narragansett, and the W. Alton Jones Campus in West Greenwich.\nThe university offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees in 80 undergraduate and 49 graduate areas of study through eight academic colleges. These colleges include Arts and Sciences, Business, Education and Professional Studies, Engineering, Health Sciences, Environment and Life Sciences, Nursing, and Pharmacy. Another college, University College for Academic Success, serves primarily as an advising college for all incoming undergraduates and follows them through their first two years of enrollment at URI.\nAs of 2019, the University of Rhode Island enrolls 14,653 undergraduate students, 1,982 graduate students, and 1,339 non-degree students. The in-state tuition for undergrad URI students in 2018-2019 is $14,138, while Regional students paid $22,324 for tuition, and out of state students paid $30,862. 75% of students received some type of financial aid.", "Q216636": "Achim Mentzel (15 July 1946 \u2013 4 January 2016) was a German musician, television presenter and actor. He was best known for hosting his show Achims Hitparade from 1989 to 2006 and for his work with Oliver Kalkofe (Kalkofes Mattscheibe). He released 23 singles and seven albums between 1978 and 2010. He was a member of the cover band, Fritzens Dampferband (German: Fritzen's Steamboat Band), together with Nina Hagen. He appeared in the films The Legend of Paul and Paula (1973) and Der Wixxer (2004), and the television shows Das Amt and Leipzig Homicide.\nMentzel was born in Berlin. He was married four times and had eight children.\nMentzel died on 4 January 2016 in Cottbus, Brandenburg, aged 69. It is believed the cause was a heart attack or stroke.", "Q355069": "Noah Andrew Ringer (born November 18, 1997) is an American actor and a martial arts practitioner. He starred as Aang in the 2010 film The Last Airbender and played Emmett in Cowboys & Aliens.\n\n", "Q498526": "San Jos\u00e9 State University (San Jose State or SJSU) is a public university in San Jose, California. SJSU is the oldest public university on the West Coast and the founding campus of the California State University (CSU) system.Located in downtown San Jose, the SJSU main campus is situated on 154 acres (62 ha), or roughly 19 square blocks. SJSU offers 145 bachelor's and master's degrees with 108 concentrations and five credential programs with 19 concentrations. The university also offers four doctoral degrees as of fall 2019. SJSU is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC).SJSU's total enrollment was 33,282 in fall 2019, including over 5,400 graduate and credential students. SJSU's student population is one of the most ethnically diverse in the nation. As of fall 2019, graduate student enrollment, Asian and international student enrollments at SJSU were the highest of any campus in the CSU system.SJSU is consistently listed as one of the leading suppliers of undergraduate and graduate alumni to Silicon Valley technology firms, and philanthropic support of SJSU is among the highest in the CSU system.SJSU sports teams are known as the Spartans, and compete in the NCAA Division I FBS Mountain West Conference.", "Q208408": "Timothy Alan Dick (born June 13, 1953), known professionally as Tim Allen, is an American actor and comedian. He is known for playing Tim \"The Toolman\" Taylor on the ABC sitcom Home Improvement (1991\u20131999) and Mike Baxter on the ABC/Fox sitcom Last Man Standing (2011\u2013). He voices Buzz Lightyear for the Toy Story franchise and played Scott Calvin and Santa Claus in the Santa Clause film trilogy (1994\u20132006). Allen's other films include For Richer or Poorer (1997), Jungle 2 Jungle (1997), Galaxy Quest (1999), Big Trouble (2002), Christmas with the Kranks (2004), The Shaggy Dog (2006), Wild Hogs (2007), Redbelt (2008), and Crazy on the Outside (2010).", "Q66387": "R\u00fceggisberg is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q314035": "Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0432; 9 June [O.S. 28 May] 1892 \u2013 30 July 1944) was a Soviet aeronautical engineer and aircraft designer, known as the \"King of Fighters\". He designed the I-15 series of fighters, and the I-16 Ishak (Russian: \u0438\u0448\u0430\u043a, lit. 'donkey' phonetically close to its Russian: \u0418-16 or Russian: \u0418-\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c, romanized: I-shestnadtsat', lit. 'I-sixteen' designation) \"Little Donkey\" fighter.", "Q78807": "Theodor Franz, Count of Baillet von Latour (15 June 1780 \u2013 6 October 1848) was an Austrian soldier and statesman. As the Imperial Minister of War, he was killed by a mob at the beginning of the Vienna Uprising.\n\n", "Q561829": "Oakes Ames (January 10, 1804 \u2013 May 8, 1873) was an American businessman, investor, and politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts. As a congressman, he is credited by many historians as being the single most important influence in the building of the Union Pacific portion of the transcontinental railroad. He is also noted for the subsequent scandal that alleged the improper sale of stock of the railroad's construction company.", "Q922427": "Louise Drevet, n\u00e9e Marie-Louise Chaffanel (19 December 1835, Grenoble \u2013 23 July 1898, Grenoble) was a French novelist. She was co-founder, editor and contributor to newspaper Le Dauphin\u00e9.", "Q163211": "Lita Rossana Ford (born 19 September 1958) is an English-born, American heavy metal guitarist, actress, vocalist and songwriter who was the lead guitarist for the Runaways in the late 1970s before embarking on a successful solo career in the 1980s. The 1989 single \"Close My Eyes Forever\", a duet with Ozzy Osbourne, remains Ford's most successful song, reaching No. 8 on the US Billboard Hot 100.\n\n", "Q40340": "Racine ( r\u0259-SEEN) is a city in and the county seat of Racine County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Root River. Racine is located 22 miles south of Milwaukee and is part of the Greater Milwaukee Area. As of the 2010 U.S. census, the city had a population of 78,860, making it the fifth-largest city in Wisconsin. Its median home price of $103,625 makes it one of the most affordable cities in Wisconsin to buy a home. In January 2017, it was rated \"the most affordable place to live in the world\" by the Demographia International Housing Affordability survey.Racine is the headquarters of a number of industries, including J. I. Case heavy equipment, S. C. Johnson & Son cleaning and chemical products, Dremel Corporation, Reliance Controls Corporation time controls and transfer switches, Twin Disc, and Arthur B. Modine heat exchangers. The Mitchell & Lewis Company, a wagonmaker in the 19th century, began making motorcycles and automobiles as Mitchell-Lewis Motor Company at the start of the 20th century. Racine is also home to InSinkErator, manufacturers of the first garbage disposal. Racine was also historically home to the Horlicks malt factory, where malted milk balls were first developed, and the Western Publishing factory where Little Golden Books were printed. Prominent architects in Racine's history include A. Arthur Guilbert and Edmund Bailey Funston, and the city is home to several works by Frank Lloyd Wright. It has several immigrant communities, and is among both the most diverse cities in Wisconsin.", "Q102823": "Kurt Heuser (23 November 1903 \u2013 20 June 1975) was a German screenwriter.Early in his career he wrote Schlu\u00dfakkord (Final Accord or better Final Chord), a German film melodrama of the Nazi period.\n\n", "Q11669": "Marshall Clement \"Mark\" Sanford Jr. (born May 28, 1960) is an American politician and author. A Republican, Sanford is a former governor of South Carolina and a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives.\nSanford served as the U.S. representative for South Carolina's 1st congressional district from 1995 to 2001. He won the 2002 South Carolina gubernatorial election, defeating Democratic incumbent Jim Hodges. Sanford served as Governor of South Carolina from 2003 until 2011. As Governor, he attempted to reject $700 million in stimulus funds for South Carolina from the federal Recovery Act passed in 2009; however, the South Carolina Supreme Court ruled that only the state legislature\u2014and not the governor\u2014had the authority to accept or decline the stimulus funds.\nIn June 2009, after having disappeared from the state for nearly a week, Sanford publicly revealed that he had engaged in an extramarital affair. Sanford had led his staff to believe that he was going hiking on the Appalachian Trail, but actually went to visit his mistress in Argentina. While the scandal made national headlines, led to his censure by the South Carolina General Assembly, and led to his resignation as chair of the Republican Governors Association, Sanford did complete his second term as governor.\nSanford ran for Congress again in a 2013 special election for his old seat. He subsequently won the election and served in Congress from 2013 to 2019. He lost his 2018 re-election bid in a Republican primary. In September 2019, Sanford announced that he would be a candidate for the Republican Party's nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election. He dropped out of the race on November 12, 2019.\n\n", "Q904386": "Count Emil Dessewffy de Csernek et Tarke\u0151 (24 February 1814, Eperjes \u2013 28 January 1866, Pozsony) was a Hungarian conservative politician, leader of the Conservative Party, who served as President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences from 1855 until his death.", "Q869624": "Mogelsberg is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.\nMogelsberg was an independent municipality until January 1, 2009, when it merged with Brunnadern and St. Peterzell to form the municipality of Neckertal.", "Q84464": "Maria Constanze C\u00e4cilia Josepha Johanna Aloysia Mozart (n\u00e9e Weber) (5 January 1762 \u2013 6 March 1842) was an Austrian woman who trained as a singer. She married twice, her first husband being Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and was later, jointly with her second husband Georg Nikolaus von Nissen, Mozart's biographer. She and Mozart had six children: Karl Thomas Mozart, Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, and other four who died in infancy.", "Q123635": "Charles Ferdinand Ramuz (24 September 1878 \u2013 23 May 1947) was a French-speaking Swiss writer.", "Q166369": "Jacques-Alexis Thuriot, known as Thuriot de la Rosi\u00e8re, and later as chevalier Thuriot de la Rosi\u00e8re, chevalier de l'Empire (1 May 1753 - 20 June 1829) was an important French statesman of the French Revolution, and a minor figure under the French Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte.", "Q316622": "Stephen Moyer (born Stephen John Emery; 11 October 1969) is an English film and television actor and director who is best known as vampire Bill Compton in the HBO series True Blood. He was born in Brentwood, Essex and attended St Martin's, a comprehensive school in Hutton, Essex. His first television role was in 1993 as Philip Masefield in the TV adaptation of the play Conjugal Rites, written by actor/playwright Roger Hall.This was followed by the television film Lord of Misrule, filmed in Fowey, Cornwall, which also featured Richard Wilson, Emily Mortimer and Prunella Scales. In 1997, Moyer made his big-screen debut landing the lead role in the film adaptation of the long-running comic strip Prince Valiant by Hal Foster, working alongside Ron Perlman and Katherine Heigl. From 2 October 2017, he starred as Reed Strucker, the lead role in Fox series The Gifted.", "Q591270": "Terry Southern (May 1, 1924 \u2013 October 29, 1995) was an American novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and university lecturer, noted for his distinctive satirical style. Part of the Paris postwar literary movement in the 1950s and a companion to Beat writers in Greenwich Village, Southern was also at the center of Swinging London in the 1960s and helped to change the style and substance of American films in the 1970s. He briefly wrote for Saturday Night Live in the 1980s.\nSouthern's dark and often absurdist style of satire helped to define the sensibilities of several generations of writers, readers, directors and film goers. He is credited by journalist Tom Wolfe as having invented New Journalism with the publication of \"Twirling at Ole Miss\" in Esquire in February 1963. Southern's reputation was established with the publication of his comic novels Candy and The Magic Christian and through his gift for writing memorable film dialogue as evident in Dr. Strangelove, The Loved One, The Cincinnati Kid, and The Magic Christian. His work on Easy Rider helped create the independent film movement of the 1970s.", "Q3039577": "George X (Georgian: \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 X, Giorgi X) (c. 1561 \u2013 September 7, 1606), of the Bagrationi royal dynasty, was a king of the eastern Georgian kingdom of Kartli from 1599 until his death.", "Q330183": "Dan Vadis (born Constantine Daniel Vafiadis, 3 January 1938 \u2013 11 June 1987) was an American actor famous for his lead roles in many Italian films made in the 1960s.", "Q89140": "Hans Wilhelm K\u00f6nig (b. 13 May 1912, Stuttgart) was a German Schutzstaffel Obersturmf\u00fchrer and a Lagerarzt (camp doctor) at the Auschwitz and Neuengamme concentration camps.", "Q346015": "Jesse Wilford Reno (August 4, 1861 \u2013 June 2, 1947) invented the first working escalator in 1891 (patented March 15, 1892) used at the Old Iron Pier, Coney Island, New York City. His invention was referred to as the \"inclined elevator.\" An earlier escalator machine, termed \"revolving stairs\" by its inventor Nathan Ames, was patented March 9, 1859, but was never built.\nReno was born in 1861 in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He was the son of American Civil War notable Jesse L. Reno. He graduated from Lehigh University in 1883 with an engineering degree in mining, later a metallurgical degree, where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. It has been said that Reno's inspiration for the escalator stemmed from his time as an undergraduate. Not only does Lehigh's campus feature the highest residence hall east of the Mississippi, but also there are approximately three hundred stairs that must be climbed to ascend 100+ meters from the lowest point on campus to the Chi Phi fraternity house on South Mountain.\n\n", "Q273904": "Natalie Press (born 15 August 1980) is an English actress. She is known for her award-winning performance in the 2004 film My Summer of Love and a number of short and feature-length independent films, including Wasp (2003), which won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. In 2008, her performance in Fifty Dead Men Walking earned her a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female. In 2010, she was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for her work in the three-hour BBC miniseries Five Daughters.", "Q669573": "\u00c1ngel Faretta (born 21 April 1953) is an Argentine author of his own theory of cinema, film critic, writer, poet and teacher. Since 1980, he has been published in various media, testing, analysis articles and reviews on art, literature and cinema. For many followers of his theory he is \"the person who most reflected on the cinema in Argentina, and its theoretical more lucid, original and influential, true to his thinking and away from any fashion.\" About Faretta, the film critic Fernando Regueira wrote:\n\n\"Faretta is the only thinker with a Theory of Cinema (Aesthetics and general) in our own homeland, and we fear much in our Spanish language throughout.\"\nRegueira Fernando", "Q484669": "John Thomas Walton (October 8, 1946 \u2013 June 27, 2005) was an American war veteran and a son of Walmart founder Sam Walton. He was also the chairman of True North Partners, a venture capital firm. Walton cofounded the Children's Scholarship Fund, providing tuition scholarships for disadvantaged youth.", "Q14711": "Mats Leven is a singer, songwriter and producer. Some of his most notable collaborations have been with guitar legend Yngwie Malmsteen, symphonic metallers Therion and doom metallers Candlemass. \nMats also started touring with Trans-Siberian Orchestra in 2016. \nIn 2019 Mats releases his first solo album under the name Skyblood.", "Q349326": "Pierre Ang\u00e9nieux (French pronunciation: \u200b[pj\u025b\u02d0\u0281 \u0251\u0303.\u0292e.nj\u00f8]) (14 July 1907 in Saint-H\u00e9and \u2013 26 June 1998) was a French engineer and optician, one of the inventors of the modern zoom lenses, and famous for introducing the Ang\u00e9nieux retrofocus.", "Q993950": "Bruno Winawer (17 March 1883, Warsaw, Poland \u2013 11 April 1944, Opole Lubelskie, Poland) was a Jewish-descended Polish physicist, columnist, and author of comedies, science fiction novels, short stories, and poetry.", "Q44132": "Stefanos Dragoumis (Greek: \u03a3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2; 1842 \u2013 September 17, 1923) was a judge, writer and the Prime Minister of Greece from January to October 1910. He was the father of Ion Dragoumis.", "Q930037": "Jos\u00e9 Antonio Gurriar\u00e1n (7 July 1938 \u2013 31 March 2019) was a Spanish journalist and assistant director of the Pueblo newspaper. He was the founder of the second chain of Canal Sur.", "Q254377": "Klaudia Kovacs is a film & theater director known for her documentary Torn from the Flag.", "Q107797": "Mathias D\u00f6pfner (born 15 January 1963) is a German business executive and journalist who is the current CEO of media group Axel Springer SE and President of the Federation of German Newspaper Publishers (BDZV).", "Q503706": "Christopher Michael Pratt (born June 21, 1979) is an American actor, known for a combination of primarily comedic roles on television, and action roles \u2013 often with comedic overtones \u2013 in big-budget feature films.\nHe rose to prominence for his television roles, particularly as Andy Dwyer in the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation (2009\u20132015), for which he received critical acclaim and was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 2013. He also starred earlier in his career as Bright Abbott in The WB drama series Everwood (2002\u20132006) and had roles in Wanted (2008), Jennifer's Body (2009), Moneyball (2011), The Five-Year Engagement (2012), Zero Dark Thirty (2013), Delivery Man (2013), and Her (2013).\nPratt achieved leading man status in 2014, starring in two critically and commercially successful films: Warner Animation Group's The Lego Movie as Emmet Brickowski, and Marvel Studios' Guardians of the Galaxy as Star-Lord. In 2015, Time named Pratt one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list. He starred in Jurassic World (2015) and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018), and he reprised his Marvel role in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and the planned Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3. Meanwhile, in 2016 he was part of an ensemble cast in The Magnificent Seven and the male lead in Passengers. He is performing a lead role in the military sci-fi war film The Tomorrow War, in which he is making his debut as a film producer.", "Q441247": "Martina Haag, (born Helen Martina Uusma on 9 June 1964) is a Swedish actress and author. She has acted in the film Underbar och \u00e4lskad av alla in 2005. The film was made from her novel book with the same name. She participated in Let's Dance 2018 broadcast on TV4.\nMartina has been married to television presenter Erik Haag.\n\n", "Q99347": "Hellmut G. Haasis (born 7 January 1942) is a German historian, author, and broadcaster. He is particularly known for his biographies of Georg Elser who attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler in 1939; Reinhard Heydrich who was one of the main architects of the Holocaust; and Joseph S\u00fc\u00df Oppenheimer who was executed in 1738 and in 1940 was the subject of a notorious Nazi anti-semitic propaganda film, Jud S\u00fc\u00df. Haasis was born in M\u00fchlacker, a town in the Swabia region of Germany, and has written two novels in Swabian dialect as well as a collection of poetry. He is the recipient of the Thadd\u00e4us Troll Literature Prize, the Schubart Literature Prize, and the Civis Media Prize.", "Q126759": "Gottlob Benedikt von Schirach (born 13 June 1743 in Parowa, died 7 December 1804 in Altona) (n\u00e9 Gottlob Benedikt Schirach; also spelled Gottlob Benedict Schirach; Sorbian Bohuchwa\u0142 Benedikt ze \u0160\u011brach) was a Sorbian historian, philosopher and writer, and later a diplomat in Danish service.\nHe was a son of the Sorbian theologian Christian Gottlob Schirach (K\u0159es\u0107an Bohuchwa\u0142 \u0160\u011brach). After studying history and philology at the University of Leipzig, he became a lecturer at the University of Halle in 1764. In 1769 he became Professor of Philosophy at the University of Helmstedt. He published several books and was regarded as a well-known author in his lifetime.\nIn recognition of his biography of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, he was raised to the hereditary Austrian nobility by Empress Maria Theresa on 17 May 1776. He is the progenitor of the noble Schirach family. In 1780 he became a diplomat in Danish service, and moved to Altona near Hamburg. In Altona he founded the journal Politisches Journal nebst Anzeige von gelehrten und anderen Sachen, one of the most influential journals on political affairs of its time.", "Q121036": "Ralf Tyra (born 1958, in Osnabr\u00fcck) is a German Lutheran theologian and pastor. Since September 2008 he is the Director of the House of church Offices of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover.", "Q320384": "Beetlejuice is a 1988 American comedy horror-fantasy film directed by Tim Burton, produced by the Geffen Company, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. The plot revolves around a recently deceased couple (Alec Baldwin and Geena Davis) who become ghosts haunting their former home, and an obnoxious, devious poltergeist named Betelgeuse (pronounced and occasionally spelled Beetlejuice in the movie and portrayed by Michael Keaton) from the Netherworld who tries to scare away the new inhabitants (Catherine O'Hara, Jeffrey Jones, and Winona Ryder).\nAfter the success of Pee-wee's Big Adventure, Burton was sent several scripts and became disheartened by their lack of imagination and originality. When he was sent Michael McDowell's original script for Beetlejuice, Burton agreed to direct, although Larry Wilson and later Warren Skaaren were hired to rewrite it. \nBeetlejuice was a critical and commercial success, grossing US$73.7 million from a budget of US$15 million. It won the Academy Award for Best Makeup and three Saturn Awards: Best Horror Film, Best Makeup, and Best Supporting Actress for Sylvia Sidney. The film's success spawned an animated television series, video games, and a stage musical.", "Q273910": "Dorothy Snowden \"Dar\" Williams (born April 19, 1967) is an American singer-songwriter specializing in pop folk. Hendrik Hertzberg of The New Yorker has described Williams as \"one of America\u2019s very best singer-songwriters.\"She is a frequent performer at folk festivals and has toured with such artists as Mary Chapin Carpenter, Patty Griffin, Ani DiFranco, the Nields, Shawn Colvin, Girlyman, Joan Baez, and Catie Curtis.", "Q1075104": "The University of Essex is a public research university in Essex, England. It was established in 1963, welcomed its first students in 1964 and received its royal charter in 1965. Essex's motto, \u2019Thought the harder, heart the keener\u2019, is adapted from the Anglo-Saxon poem The Battle of Maldon.\nEssex's largest campus is the Colchester Campus within Wivenhoe Park, less than a mile (1.6 km) from Wivenhoe and two miles (3 km) from Colchester. There is also a campus in Southend-on-Sea and East 15 Acting School is based at the Loughton Campus. Essex has 19 academic partnerships in the UK and around the world. UK partnerships include University of Essex Online with Kaplan Open Learning; Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust and University of Essex International College. International partnerships include a franchise arrangement with Kaplan Singapore and double and dual degrees with several universities in Europe and Asia. This includes a double degree with Northwest University in Xi'an approved by the Chinese Ministry of Education.\nEssex is ranked 251\u2013300 in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2020 and 37th in the UK in The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2020. Essex was named University of the Year at the Times Higher Education Awards in 2018. The Research Excellence Framework (REF) in 2014 ranked Essex in the top 20 universities in the UK for the quality of its research and the top 5 for social science. Essex is in the top 50 for the social sciences and 51st for law in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2019 by subject.Essex is one of eight young universities which are part of the Young Universities for the Future of Europe alliance, which was selected by the European Commission to create one of the first European Universities, cross-border alliances of higher education institutions created to promote staff and student mobility. Essex is also a founding partner of the Young European Research Universities network.\nEssex has produced many notable alumni in several fields, including two Nobel laureates, a head of state, foreign ministers, MPs, scientists, artists, and politicians.", "Q71189": "Friedrich Dickel (9 December 1913 \u2013 23 October 1993) was a German politician, who served as the interior minister of East Germany for nearly twenty-six years.", "Q78813": "Ignaz Franz Castelli (6 March 1780 \u2013 5 February 1862) was an Austrian dramatist born in Vienna. He studied law at the university, and then entered the government service.\nDuring the Napoleonic invasions his patriotism inspired him to write stirring war songs, one of which, Kriegslied f\u00fcr die \u00f6sterreichische Armee, was printed by order of the Archduke Charles of Austria and distributed in thousands. For this Castelli was proclaimed by Napoleon in Le Moniteur, and had to seek refuge in Hungary.\nIn 1815 he accompanied the allies into France as secretary to Count Cavriani, and, after his return to Vienna, resumed his official post in connection with the estates of Lower Austria. In 1842 he retired to his property at Lilienfeld, where, surrounded by his notable collections of pictures and other art treasures, he for the rest of his life devoted himself to literature.\nCastelli's dramatic talent was characteristically Austrian; his plays were well constructed and effective and satirized unsparingly the foibles of the Viennese. But his wit was too local and ephemeral to appeal to any but his own generation, and if he is remembered at all today it is by his excellent Gedichte in nieder\u00f6sterreichischer Mundart (1828). He died at Lilienfeld.\nCastelli's Gesammelte Gedichte (\"Collected poems\") appeared in 1835 in 6 vols.; a selection of his Werke in 1843 in 15 vols. (2nd ed., 1848), followed by supplementary volumes in 1858. His autobiography, Memoiren meines Lebens, appeared in 1861-1862 in 4 vols.", "Q92212": "Opole (Polish: [\u0254\u02c8p\u0254l\u025b] (listen); German: Oppeln [\u02c8\u0294\u0254pl\u0329n]; Silesian: \u00d4pole; see below) is a city located in southern Poland on the Oder River and the historical capital of Upper Silesia. With a population of approximately 128,137 (December 2018), it is the capital of Opole Voivodeship (Opolskie province) and the seat of Opole County. With its long history dating back to the 8th century, Opole is one of the oldest cities in Poland. It is also the smallest city in Poland to be the largest city in the province.\nThe origins of the first settlement are connected with the town being granted Magdeburg Rights in 1217 by Casimir I of Opole, the great-grandson of Polish Duke Boles\u0142aw III Wrymouth. During the Medieval Period and the Renaissance the city was known as a centre of commerce due to its position on the intersection of several main trade routes, which helped to generate steady profits from transit trade. The rapid development of the town was also caused by the establishment of a seat of regency in Opole in 1816. The first railway connection between Oppeln, Brieg and Breslau was opened in 1843 and the first manufacturing plants were constructed in 1859, which greatly contributed to the city's regional significance.The city's extensive heritage entails almost all cultures of Central Europe including years of Polish, Bohemian, Prussian and German rule. Opole formally became part of Poland again in 1945 under the Potsdam Agreement. Many German Upper Silesians and Poles of German ancestry still reside in the Opole region; in the city itself, however, ethnic Germans today make up less than 3% of the population following the 1945\u20136 expulsions.\nToday there are four higher education establishments in the city: The Opole University, Opole University of Technology, a Medical College and the private Higher College of Management and Administration. The National Festival of Polish Song has been held here annually since 1963 and each year new regular events, fairs, shows and competitions take place.Opole is sometimes referred to as \"Polish Venice\", because of its picturesque Old Town and several canals and bridges connecting parts of the city.", "Q779006": "Maliq Bey Bushati (Shkod\u00ebr, 8 July 1880 \u2013 15 February 1946), was an Albanian public official and politician. After the Italian invasion of Albania he became an Interior minister of V\u00ebrlaci government and afterwards Prime Minister of Albania during the Italian occupation from 13 February to 12 May 1943, thus an Axis collaborator.Along with two other Axis Collaborators Lef Nosi and father Anton Harapi, he was sentenced to death by communist Albania.\n\n", "Q105180": "Sojourner Truth (; born Isabella [Belle] Baumfree; c.\u20091797 \u2013 November 26, 1883) was an American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Truth was born into slavery in Swartekill, New York, but escaped with her infant daughter to freedom in 1826. After going to court to recover her son in 1828, she became the first black woman to win such a case against a white man. \nShe gave herself the name Sojourner Truth in 1843 after she became convinced that God had called her to leave the city and go into the countryside \"testifying the hope that was in her\". Her best-known speech was delivered extemporaneously, in 1851, at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio. The speech became widely known during the Civil War by the title \"Ain't I a Woman?,\" a variation of the original speech re-written by someone else using a stereotypical Southern dialect, whereas Sojourner Truth was from New York and grew up speaking Dutch as her first language. During the Civil War, Truth helped recruit black troops for the Union Army; after the war, she tried unsuccessfully to secure land grants from the federal government for former slaves (summarised as the promise of \"forty acres and a mule\").\nIn 2014, Truth was included in Smithsonian magazine's list of the \"100 Most Significant Americans of All Time\". A memorial bust of Truth was unveiled in 2009 in Emancipation Hall in the U.S. Capitol Visitor's Center. She is the first African American to have a statue in the Capitol building.\n\n", "Q181280": "Ronald Vannucci Jr. (born February 15, 1976) is an American drummer. He is best known for being the drummer for the American rock band The Killers. Vannucci is also involved in a side project called Big Talk, and became the drummer of The Rentals in 2018.", "Q60084": "Marshal of Armoured Troops Mikhail Yefimovich Katukov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0415\u0444\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432; 17 September [O.S. 4 September] 1900 \u2013 8 June 1976) served as a commander of armored troops in the Red Army during and following World War II. He is viewed as one of the most talented Soviet armor commanders. His most notable command during the German-Soviet War was that of 1st Guards Tank Army which he commanded during the Battle of Kursk, Proskurov-Chernovtsy Operation, Lvov-Sandomierz Operation, the Vistula Oder Operation, and the Battle of Berlin. He also commanded 1st Guards Tank Brigade during the Battle of Moscow, and 3rd Mechanised Corps during Operation Mars.", "Q708827": "Tatsuo Fujioka (\u85e4\u5ca1 \u7adc\u96c4, Fujioka Tatsuo, born August 19, 1980), better known as Dean Fujioka (\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30f3\u30fb\u30d5\u30b8\u30aa\u30ab, D\u012bn Fujioka, stylized as DEAN FUJIOKA), is a Japanese actor, musician, model, film director, influencer and DJ. He is a talent of Amuse, Inc.", "Q312450": "Duncan James (born 7 April 1978) is an English singer, actor and television presenter. He is best known as a member of the boy band Blue from 2000 to 2005 and again from 2009 following their reformation. He is also known for playing Ryan Knight in Hollyoaks.\n\n", "Q172308": "Andrea Navagero (Venice, 1483 \u2013 Blois, 8 May 1529) was an Italian poet, orator, botanist, and official historian of the Republic of Venice.", "Q165674": "Franz Joseph II (Franz Josef Maria Aloys Alfred Karl Johannes Heinrich Michael Georg Ignaz Benediktus Gerhardus Majella; 16 August 1906 \u2013 13 November 1989) was the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein from 1938 until his death.\nFranz Joseph was the son of Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein and Archduchess Elisabeth Amalie of Austria. He succeeded his childless grand-uncle, Prince Franz I, after his father renounced his right of succession in his favour in 1923.\nDuring his reign women received voting rights for the first time, following a referendum on the topic (among men only) in 1984.\nFranz Joseph was an extremely popular sovereign in Liechtenstein. He was the first ruling prince to live full-time in the principality. He also oversaw the economic development of Liechtenstein from a poor agricultural backwater into one of the richest countries (per capita) in the world.", "Q390321": "Frederick Colin Petersen (born 24 March 1946) is an Australian drummer, record producer and former child actor. He played as a member of the bands Steve and the Board, Bee Gees and Humpy Bong. In August 1969, he left Bee Gees and he was replaced by Pentangle drummer Terry Cox to record the songs for their 1970 album Cucumber Castle.", "Q344616": "Charles Warren Stoddard (1843\u20131909) was an American author and editor best known for his travel books about Polynesian life.\n\n", "Q271861": "Akiko Wakabayashi (\u82e5\u6797 \u6620\u5b50, Wakabayashi Akiko, born 26 August 1941) is a retired Japanese actress.", "Q294153": "Sir Richard Arkwright (23 December 1732 \u2013 3 August 1792) was an English inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution. He is credited as the driving force behind the development of the spinning frame, known as the water frame after it was adapted to use water power; and he patented a rotary carding engine to convert raw cotton to \"cotton lap\" prior to spinning. He was the first to develop factories housing both mechanised carding and spinning operations.Arkwright's achievement was to combine power, machinery, semi-skilled labour and the new raw material of cotton to create mass-produced yarn. His organizational skills earned him the accolade \"father of the modern industrial factory system,\" notably through the methods developed in his mill at Cromford, Derbyshire (now preserved as part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site).", "Q123147": "Ammonius Hermiae (; Greek: \u1f08\u03bc\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u1f19\u03c1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 Amm\u014dnios ho Hermeiou; c.\u2009440 \u2013 c.\u2009520) was a Greek philosopher, and the son of the Neoplatonist philosophers Hermias and Aedesia. He was a pupil of Proclus in Athens, and taught at Alexandria for most of his life, writing commentaries on Plato, Aristotle, and other philosophers.", "Q645933": "G\u00e9rard Jarlot (1923\u20131966) was a French journalist, screenwriter and novelist, winner of the Prix M\u00e9dicis in 1963.Jarlot met Marguerite Duras in 1957. She dedicated the novel Moderato cantabile to him. With her, he adapted the book and wrote the dialogues for Seven Days... Seven Nights directed by Peter Brook in 1959.In 1960, he signed the Manifesto of the 121 entitled \"Declaration on the Right to draft evasion in the Algerian War\".", "Q312336": "David Lombardo (born February 16, 1965) is a Cuban-American drummer, best known as a co-founding member of American thrash metal band Slayer. Lombardo played drums on nine Slayer albums, including, Reign in Blood (1986) and Christ Illusion (2006). He received critical praise for both of these albums. Lombardo's music career has spanned forty years, during which he has been involved in the production of thirty-five commercial recordings covering a number of genres. He has performed with numerous bands, including Grip Inc., Fant\u00f4mas, Testament, and Suicidal Tendencies, in addition to Slayer. Lombardo is currently playing drums with Fant\u00f4mas, Suicidal Tendencies, Dead Cross, Mr. Bungle and the Misfits.Lombardo is widely known as an aggressive heavy metal drummer. His drumming has been praised as \"astonishingly innovative\". Drummerworld named him \"the Godfather of Double Bass\". He has had a significant influence on the metal scene and inspired modern metal drummers, particularly extreme metal drummers.", "Q5989988": "Iefan ab Owain Gwynedd was a son of Owain Gwynedd (the king of Gwynedd between 1137\u20131170) and his second wife Cristina ferch Gronw. He had a daughter named Gwenllian.", "Q737369": "Thomas Clifford \"Tomas\" Arana (born April 3, 1955) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the films The Hunt for Red October (1990), The Bodyguard (1992), L.A. Confidential (1997), Gladiator (2000), The Bourne Supremacy (2004), Limitless (2011) and The Dark Knight Rises (2014).", "Q1872001": "Louis Thiry (15 February 1935 \u2013 27 June 2019) was a French concert organist, composer and pedagogue. He was professor of organ at the Regional Conservatoire in Rouen and played in concerts internationally. His many recordings include the complete organ works of Olivier Messiaen in 1972, which received several awards and led the composer to describe him as \"an extraordinary organist\". Thiry was blind.", "Q689493": "Ferenc Lajos \u00c1kos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva (16 November 1841 \u2013 25 May 1914) was a Hungarian civil engineer and politician.", "Q85008": "Axel Corti (born Axel Fuhrmanns; 7 May 1933 \u2013 29 December 1993) was an Austrian screenwriter, film director and radio host.", "Q20715407": "Vivian E. Browne (April 26, 1929\u2013July 23, 1993) was an American artist. Born in Laurel, Florida, Browne was mostly known for her African-American protest paintings, and linking abstraction to nature. She has received multiple awards for her work, been an activist, professor and a founder of many galleries. According to her mother, Browne died at 64 from bladder cancer.\n\n", "Q2054": "Seneca the Younger (c. 4 BC \u2013 AD 65), fully Lucius Annaeus Seneca and also known simply as Seneca (), was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, dramatist, and\u2014in one work\u2014satirist from the Silver Age of Latin literature.\nSeneca was born in Corduba in Hispania, and raised in Rome, where he was trained in rhetoric and philosophy. His father was Seneca the Elder, his elder brother was Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus, and his nephew was the poet Lucan. In AD 41, Seneca was exiled to the island of Corsica by the emperor Claudius, but was allowed to return in 49 to become a tutor to Nero. When Nero became emperor in 54, Seneca became his advisor and, together with the praetorian prefect Sextus Afranius Burrus, provided competent government for the first five years of Nero's reign. Seneca's influence over Nero declined with time, and in 65 Seneca was forced to take his own life for alleged complicity in the Pisonian conspiracy to assassinate Nero, in which he was likely to have been innocent. His stoic and calm suicide has become the subject of numerous paintings. \nAs a writer Seneca is known for his philosophical works, and for his plays, which are all tragedies. His prose works include a dozen essays and one hundred twenty-four letters dealing with moral issues. These writings constitute one of the most important bodies of primary material for ancient Stoicism. As a tragedian, he is best known for plays such as his Medea, Thyestes, and Phaedra. Seneca's influence on later generations is immense\u2014during the Renaissance he was \"a sage admired and venerated as an oracle of moral, even of Christian edification; a master of literary style and a model [for] dramatic art.\"", "Q1871508": "Louis Bailly was a French-Canadian violist and music educator. He was born on 18 June 1882 in Valenciennes, France and died on 21 November 1974 in Cowansville, Quebec.", "Q14063": "Herman Frans Martha Brusselmans (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0266\u025brm\u0251n \u02c8br\u028fs\u0259lm\u0251ns]; born 9 October 1957) is a Belgian novelist, poet, playwright and columnist. He lives in Ghent. He is one of the best-selling authors in Flanders, but controversial at the same time for his profane language and offensive comedy.", "Q128012": "Zappa Plays Zappa (previously momentarily renamed as Dweezil Zappa Plays Frank Zappa) is an American tribute act led by Dweezil Zappa, the eldest son of late American composer and musician Frank Zappa, devoted to performing the music of Frank Zappa.", "Q470924": "Eduardo Santos Montejo (Bogot\u00e1, August 28, 1888 \u2013 Bogot\u00e1, March 27, 1974) was a leading Colombian publisher and politician, active in the Colombian Liberal Party. He owned the prominent Bogot\u00e1 newspaper El Tiempo, and served as the President of Colombia from August 1938 to August 1942, having been elected without opposition. He was the great-uncle of the 32nd president of Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos (2010\u20132018) and former Colombian Vice President Francisco Santos Calderon (2002\u20132010).\ne", "Q195593": "Masculin F\u00e9minin (French: Masculin f\u00e9minin: 15 faits pr\u00e9cis, pronounced [maskyl\u025b\u0303 femin\u025b\u0303 k\u025b\u0303z fe p\u0281esi], \"Masculine Feminine: 15 Specific Events\") is a 1966 French New Wave romantic drama film directed by Jean-Luc Godard. The film, an international co-production between France and Sweden, stars Jean-Pierre L\u00e9aud, Chantal Goya, Marl\u00e8ne Jobert, Catherine-Isabelle Duport, and Michel Debord.Masculin F\u00e9minin is a notable film within Godard's 1960s period of filmmaking, and is considered by some critics to be representative of 1960s France and Paris. The film contains references to various pop culture icons and political figures of the time, such as Charles de Gaulle, Andr\u00e9 Malraux, James Bond, and Bob Dylan, and follows Godard's non-linear filmmaking techniques and narratives. At times the main story is interrupted by various sequences and sub-plots, including a scene paraphrased from LeRoi Jones\u2019 Dutchman. Arguably the most famous quotation from the film is \"This film could be called The Children of Marx and Coca-Cola\", which is actually an intertitle between chapters.", "Q127321": "Laila Sinikka Halme, n\u00e9e Soppi (4 March 1934, J\u00e4\u00e4ski), is a Finnish singer who performed on Eurovision in 1963 with the song \"Muistojeni laulu\" (\"The Song of My Memories\"). She landed a tied 13th place with 0 Points.", "Q319263": "Doctor in the House is a 1954 British comedy film directed by Ralph Thomas and produced by Betty Box. The screenplay, by Nicholas Phipps, Richard Gordon and Ronald Wilkinson, is based on the novel by Gordon, and follows a group of students through medical school.\nIt was the most popular box office film of 1954 in Great Britain. Its success spawned six sequels, and also a television and radio series entitled Doctor in the House.\nIt made Dirk Bogarde one of the biggest British stars of the 1950s. Other well-known British actors featured in the film were Kenneth More, Donald Sinden and Donald Houston. James Robertson Justice appeared as the irascible chief surgeon Sir Lancelot Spratt, a role he would repeat in many of the sequels.", "Q64584": "Reinhold Seeberg (24 March 1859 \u2013 23 October 1935) was a German Lutheran theologian. He was a professor or theology at Erlangen, where he had studied, and then in 1893 a Professor of dogmatic theology at Friedrich Wilhelm University (founded as the University of Berlin in 1810).\nA staunch German nationalist, Seeberg affirmed the divinely appointed role of Germany in the salvation of the world, and did not support the Weimar Republic in Germany. Seeberg was part of the movement for the modern revival of Luther and Reformation studies, including the repositioning of Martin Bucer as a mediating theologian between Lutheran and Reformed thought. His son, Erich Seeberg, became a significant theologian in his own right at the University of Berlin. His brother, Alfred Seeberg, was also a theologian.\n\n", "Q555226": "Isaac Sidney Caesar (September 8, 1922 \u2013 February 12, 2014) was an American comic actor and writer, best known for two pioneering 1950s live television series: Your Show of Shows, which was a 90-minute weekly show watched by 60 million people, and its successor, Caesar's Hour, both of which influenced later generations of comedians. Your Show of Shows and its cast received seven Emmy nominations between the years 1953 and 1954 and tallied two wins. He also acted in movies; he played Coach Calhoun in Grease (1978) and its sequel Grease 2 (1982) and appeared in the films It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963), Silent Movie (1976), History of the World, Part I (1981), Cannonball Run II (1984), and Vegas Vacation (1997).\nCaesar was considered a \"sketch comic\" and actor, as opposed to a stand-up comedian. He also relied more on body language, accents, and facial contortions than simply dialogue. Unlike the slapstick comedy which was standard on TV, his style was considered \"avant garde\" in the 1950s. He conjured up ideas and scene and used writers to flesh out the concept and create the dialogue. Among the writers who wrote for Caesar early in their careers were Mel Brooks, Neil Simon, Larry Gelbart, Carl Reiner, Michael Stewart, Mel Tolkin, Selma Diamond, and Woody Allen. \"Sid's was the show to which all comedy writers aspired. It was the place to be,\" said Steve Allen.\nHis TV shows' subjects included satires of real life events and people\u2014and parodies of popular film genres, theater, television shows, and opera. But unlike other comedy shows at the time, the dialogue was considered sharper, funnier, and more adult-oriented. He was \"...best known as one of the most intelligent and provocative innovators of television comedy,\" who some critics called television's Charlie Chaplin and The New York Times refers to as the \"...comedian of comedians from TV's early days.\"Honored in numerous ways over 60 years, he was nominated for 11 Emmy Awards, winning twice. He was also a saxophonist and author of several books, including two autobiographies in which he described his career and later struggle to overcome years of alcoholism and addiction to barbiturates.", "Q948775": "Robert Lee Curbeam, Jr. (born March 5, 1962) is a former NASA astronaut and captain in the United States Navy.Curbeam graduated from Woodlawn High School, Baltimore County, Maryland in 1980. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the United States Naval Academy in 1984, a Master of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1990, and a master's degree in Astronautical Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1991.\nHe is a member of the U.S. Naval Academy Alumni Association and the Association of Old Crows.\nCurbeam was named Fighter Wing One Radar Intercept Officer of the Year in 1989 and received the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School Best Developmental Thesis (DT-II) Award.\nHe currently holds the record for the most spacewalks during a single spaceflight. During the STS-116 mission, Curbeam completed four spacewalks.", "Q3432038": "David Vogt (2 May 1793 \u2013 6 June 1861) was a Norwegian politician.\nHe was the son of Niels Nielsen Vogt, Sr (1755\u20131809), and a brother of priest and politician Niels Nielsen Vogt and politician J\u00f8rgen Herman Vogt. He was an uncle of Volrath Vogt, Nils Vogt and Jens Theodor Paludan Vogt.He was the father of Colonel Carl Jacob Vogt and physician Olaus Fredrik Sand Vogt, and a grandfather of professor of medicine J\u00f8rgen Herman Vogt, metallurgist Johan Herman Lie Vogt and professor of medicine Ragnar Vogt.He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1836, representing the constituency of Moss. He was the stipendiary magistrate (byfoged) in that city. He was re-elected in 1839, 1842, 1845 and 1848.", "Q327212": "Robert Charles Heaton (6 July 1961 \u2013 4 November 2004) was an English musician best known as the drummer in the English rock band New Model Army (NMA). Besides being the drummer for the band, Heaton was also responsible for much of the band's songwriting both lyrically and musically, the musical content of NMA album Thunder and Consolation is essentially exclusively his creation. He was probably the first person to play a synchronous drum and harmonica solo, doing so in the song 'Shot 18' on the No Rest for The Wicked tour. He was the second drummer in NMA but the band's first touring and recording drummer.", "Q65705": "Albert Betz (25 December 1885 \u2013 16 April 1968) was a German physicist and a pioneer of wind turbine technology.", "Q224069": "The Island is a 2005 American science fiction action thriller film directed and co-produced by Michael Bay. It stars Ewan McGregor, Scarlett Johansson, Djimon Hounsou, Sean Bean, Michael Clarke Duncan and Steve Buscemi. The film is about Lincoln Six Echo (McGregor), who struggles to fit into the highly structured world in which he lives, isolated in a compound, and the series of events that unfold when he questions how truthful that world is. After Lincoln learns the compound inhabitants are clones used for organ harvesting as well as surrogates for wealthy people in the outside world, he attempts to escape with Jordan Two Delta (Johansson) and expose the illegal cloning movement.\nThe Island cost $126 million to produce. The original score was composed by Steve Jablonsky, who would go on to score Bay's further works. It opened on July 22, 2005, to mixed reviews, earning $36 million at the United States box office and $127 million overseas for a $162 million worldwide total.", "Q470663": "Matthew Hansen Mead (born March 11, 1962) is an American federal prosecutor, businessman, and politician who served as the 32nd Governor of Wyoming from 2011 to 2019 as a Republican.", "Q705522": "Hiroyuki Sanada, MBE (\u771f\u7530 \u5e83\u4e4b, Sanada Hiroyuki, born Hiroyuki Shimosawa (\u4e0b\u6fa4 \u5ee3\u4e4b, Shimosawa Hiroyuki); 12 October 1960), is a Japanese actor. In Asia, he is most famous for his role in Kirito No S\u00e9ngyo as the 'Immortal', and Tasogare Seibei (The Twilight Samurai) and his role as 'The Fool' in the Shakespeare play King Lear gave him notable theatrical notice in the UK. Sanada is also known as a recording artist in Japan. He also is a stage actor, working in Japanese and British plays and theatre.\nHe made his first major Hollywood appearance portraying Ujio in 2003's The Last Samurai, later also appearing in 2013's The Wolverine and 47 Ronin. Additionally, he is currently set to portray the Mortal Kombat character Scorpion in the 2021 reboot film of the same name.", "Q855730": "Chulalongkorn University (Thai: \u0e08\u0e38\u0e2c\u0e32\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e27\u0e34\u0e17\u0e22\u0e32\u0e25\u0e31\u0e22, RTGS: Chulalongkon Mahawitthayalai, pronounced [t\u0361\u0255\u00f9.l\u0101\u02d0.l\u014d\u014b.k\u0254\u0304\u02d0n m\u0101.h\u01ce\u02d0.w\u00edt.t\u02b0\u0101.j\u0101\u02d0.l\u0101j]) (CU), nicknamed Chula (Thai: \u0e08\u0e38\u0e2c\u0e32\u0e2f), is a public and autonomous research university in Bangkok, Thailand. The university was originally founded during King Chulalongkorn's reign as a school for training royal pages and civil servants in 1899 (B.E. 2442) at the Grand Palace of Thailand. It was later established as a national university in 1917, making it the oldest institute of higher education in Thailand.During the reign of Chulalongkorn's son, King Vajiravudh, the Royal Pages School became the Civil Service College of King Chulalongkorn. The Rockefeller Foundation was instrumental in helping the college form its academic foundation. On 26 March 1917, King Vajiravudh renamed the college \"Chulalongkorn University\".Chulalongkorn University is a comprehensive and research-intensive university. It is ranked as the best university in Thailand in many surveys, quality of students, quality of research, quality in particular subjects, university reputation, environmental management systems. According to QS world university ranking 2017, CU is placed 245th in the world, 45th in Asia, 1st in Thailand, and 201\u2013250 in the world graduate employability ranking. It is also ranked as Thailand's No. 1 university from various organizers such as Center for World University Rankings, Round university ranking, Academic Ranking of World Universities.Chulalongkorn University is one of the National Research Universities and supported by the Office of Nation Education Standards and Quality Assessment of Thailand. Moreover, CU is the only Thai university which is a member of Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU).Admission to CU is highly selective, and applicants are required to have high test scores. Applicants ranking in the top 10 national scores are chosen for study at CU.\n\nCU is composed of nineteen faculties, a School of Agriculture, three colleges, ten institutes and two other schools. Its campus occupies a vast area in downtown Bangkok. Graduates customarily receive their diplomas from the King of Thailand, a tradition begun by King Prajadhipok (Rama VII).", "Q3847984": "Andrzej Gwiazda (born 14 April 1935 in Pi\u0144cz\u00f3w) is an engineer and prominent opposition leader, who participated in Polish March 1968 Events and December 1970 Events; one of the founders of Free Trade Unions, Member of the Presiding Committee of the Strike at Lenin Shipyard in Gda\u0144sk in August 1980, Vice President of the Founding Committee of Solidarity, then Vice President of Solidarity in 1980 and 1981; in December 1981 interned and next imprisoned with six other Solidarno\u015b\u0107 leaders (see Martial Law in Poland). His wife, Joanna Duda-Gwiazda (they married in 1961) also was a prominent member of the anticommunist opposition in the 1970s and 1980s.\nGwiazda's father was a sailor of the Riverine Flotilla of the Polish Navy, stationed in Pi\u0144sk (now Belarus), where the family moved in 1939, a few months before the outbreak of World War II. His father Stanis\u0142aw fought in the Polish September Campaign, as a soldier of Independent Operational Group Polesie. After capitulation of Poland he was caught by the Germans, and spent the war in Oflag II-C in Woldenberg. Young Andrzej, together with mother Zofia (n\u00e9e Zamojska) and grandmother, was in 1940 deported by the Soviets (see Soviet invasion of Poland, Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939\u20131946)) to Kazakhstan, where they stayed until 1946. After the return and reuniting with Stanis\u0142aw Gwiazda, the family first settled in Upper Silesia, then they moved to Gda\u0144sk, where Andrzej studied electronics at Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, graduating in 1966. After graduation, he worked at Cybernetics Institute of the University, and in 1973 took a job at Power Supplies Factory Elmor in Gda\u0144sk.\nIn 1976, together with his wife, he wrote a letter to the Polish Parliament, in which he expressed support of Workers' Defence Committee. Soon afterwards, the Gwiazdas were officially banned from leaving the People's Republic of Poland, they were also under the surveillance of S\u0142u\u017cba Bezpiecze\u0144stwa. In 1978, Gwiazda was one of the founders of Free Trade Unions of the Coast (WZZ), publishing and delivering \"Worker of the Coast\", a bulletin of the WZZ. On 16 August 1980, he initiated an industrial action at Elmor. He then became a member of the Inter-Enterprise Strike Committee, and co-authored the famous 21 demands of MKS. However, he did not sign the Gda\u0144sk Agreement, claiming that the workers, upon advice of their legal experts, agreed for too many concessions to the government. Arrested on 13 December 1981 (see Martial law in Poland, he was transported to a prison camp in Strzebielinek. Later on, Gwiazda was transferred to a jail in Warsaw\u2019s district of Bia\u0142o\u0142\u0119ka. Finally, Gwiazda was released on 22 July 1984, after an amnesty. On 16 December 1984, he was arrested again, after a scuffle with ZOMO officers, and sentenced to five months. After spending time in prisons in Gda\u0144sk and Zabrze, he was released on 15 May 1985.\nIn 1986 - 1989, Gwiazda was one of leaders of Working Group of National Commission of Solidarity. The group was opposed to any forms of negotiations with Communist authorities. Unlike Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa, Gwiazda did not participate in creation of the Solidarity Citizens' Committee, nor in the negotiations of Polish Round Table Talks. He remains a firm skeptic about Wa\u0142\u0119sa, saying that \"from the beginning of the strike at the Gda\u0144sk Shipyard, he was acting to the detriment of Solidarity\". Also, he says that Wa\u0142\u0119sa should never have been made \"a symbol of Poland\".", "Q606759": "Wei Wei (Chinese: \u9b4f\u5dcd; pinyin: W\u00e8i W\u00e9i; January 16, 1920 \u2013 August 24, 2008), originally known as Hong Jie (simplified Chinese: \u9e3f\u6770; traditional Chinese: \u9d3b\u5091; pinyin: H\u00f3ng Ji\u00e9), was a poet, a prose writer, a literary report writer, a journalist, a vice-editor-in-chief and the editor of various newspapers in China and a propagandist. His works are noted for their themes of patriotism, communism, and nationalism. Apart from using the name Wei Wei, he once used the pen name Hong Yangshu (\u7d05\u967d\u6a39) in some of his publications. He changed his name from Hong Jie to Wei Wei in 1937 when he had started a new page of his life, a political one.", "Q104467": "Pope Agatho (died January 681) served as the bishop of Rome from 27 June 678 until his death. He heard the appeal of Wilfrid of York, who had been displaced from his See by the division of the Archdiocese ordered by Theodore of Canterbury. During Agatho's tenure, the Sixth Ecumenical Council was convened which dealt with the monothelitism controversy. He is venerated as a saint by both the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.\n\n", "Q1947657": "Morgan Wolf Page (born May 31, 1981) is an American DJ and music producer. His tracks include \"The Longest Road\", \"Fight for You\" and \"In the Air\". Page has received two Grammy Award nominations; a personal nomination for best remix with Nadia Ali and in 2009 his song was nominated for best remix; \"The Longest Road\" (deadmau5 Remix). Page is signed to Nettwerk Records worldwide.", "Q4027103": "Stephen Sanford (May 26, 1826 \u2013 February 13, 1913) was an American businessman and a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York's 18th congressional district.", "Q716238": "Donald Ward Preston (born September 21, 1932) is an American jazz and rock keyboardist. He is known for working with Frank Zappa from the mid 1960s to the mid 1970s.", "Q1713151": "Allen Stephen Covert (born October 13, 1964) is an American comedian, actor, writer, and producer. Best known for his starring role in the 2006 comedy film Grandma's Boy, he is a frequent collaborator with actor and friend Adam Sandler with prominent roles in such films as Happy Gilmore (1996), The Wedding Singer (1998), Big Daddy (1999), Little Nicky (2000), Mr. Deeds (2002), Anger Management (2003), 50 First Dates (2004), and Strange Wilderness (2008).", "Q231302": "Sh\u014dnen, shonen, or shounen manga (\u5c11\u5e74\u6f2b\u753b, sh\u014dnen manga) is manga aimed at a young teen male target-demographic. The age group varies with individual readers and different magazines, but it is primarily intended for boys between the ages of 12 and 18.\nThe kanji characters (\u5c11\u5e74) literally mean \"boy\" (or \"youth\"), and the characters (\u6f2b\u753b) means \"comic\". Thus, the complete phrase means \"young person's comic\", or simply \"boys' comic\"; its female equivalent is sh\u014djo manga. Sh\u014dnen manga is the most popular and best-selling form of manga.", "Q67112": "Laupen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district and its district capital, situated in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q103308": "Pope Paschal I (Latin: Paschalis I; died 824) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 25 January 817 to his death in 824.\nPaschal was a member of an aristocratic Roman family. Before his election to the papacy, he was abbot of St. Stephen's monastery, which served pilgrims. His pontificate notably established the practice of crowning the emperor in Rome when, in 823, Paschal crowned Lothair I. He rebuilt a number of churches in Rome, including three basilicas.", "Q102016": "Aaron T\u00e4nzer (German: Aron T\u00e4nzer, Hungarian: T\u00e4nzer \u00c1ron; also German: Arnold T\u00e4nzer; January 30, 1871 \u2013 February 26, 1937, G\u00f6ppingen) was an Austrian rabbi, chaplain and author.\n\n", "Q85197": "Rainer Zepperitz (August 25, 1930 in Bandung (Java) - December 23, 2009 in Berlin) was a German double bassist.", "Q261535": "Gloria Elizabeth Reuben (born June 9, 1964) is a Canadian actress, producer, and singer. She is known for her role as Jeanie Boulet on the medical drama ER (1995\u20131999, 2008), for which she was twice-nominated for an Emmy Award, and for portraying Elizabeth Keckley in the 2012 Academy Award-winning film Lincoln.\nAdditionally, she has been featured in films such as Timecop (1994), Nick of Time (1995), Admission (2013), and Reasonable Doubt (2014). She played Krista Gordon on Mr. Robot (2015\u20132019), as well as a recurring character on City on a Hill (since 2019). She played Adina Johnson on Cloak & Dagger from 2018 to 2019.", "Q323074": "Bernard Rose (born 4 August 1960) is an English filmmaker and screenwriter, considered a pioneer of digital filmmaking. He is best known for his direction of the acclaimed horror films Paperhouse (1988) and Candyman (1992), the historical romances Immortal Beloved (1994) and Anna Karenina (1997), and the independent drama Ivans xtc (2000), for which he was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Director and the John Cassavetes Award. He has also been nominated for the Grand Prix des Am\u00e9riques and the Venice Horizons Prize.", "Q27536": "The Hills Have Eyes Part II is a 1984 American horror film written and directed by Wes Craven. The film stars Tamara Stafford, Kevin Spirtas, John Bloom, Michael Berryman, Penny Johnson, Janus Blythe, John Laughlin, Willard E. Pugh, Peter Frechette, and Robert Houston. The Hills Have Eyes Part II is the sequel to the 1977 film. The film was produced by Barry Cahn, Jonathan Debin, and Peter Locke.", "Q664862": "Signe Toly Anderson ( SIG-nee; September 15, 1941 \u2013 January 28, 2016) was an American singer who was one of the founding members of the American rock band Jefferson Airplane.", "Q1790258": "Agust\u00edn Iv\u00e1n Edmundo Edwards Eastman (24 November 1927 \u2013 24 April 2017) was a Chilean newspaper publisher, and one of the richest people in Chile. He inherited his family's newspaper company El Mercurio SAP, which publishes Chile's leading national dailies El Mercurio and La Segunda among others, when his father died in 1956. He has been described as a media baron, and is known for his right-wing views. Throughout his time as publisher, he has used El Mercurio SAP's newspapers to influence public opinion in Chile, and he supported the 1973 coup d'\u00e9tat to oust socialist President Salvador Allende. According to the U.S. Senate's Church Committee, he was one of the main Chilean participants in the Central Intelligence Agency's Operation Mockingbird campaign to influence the media in Latin American countries.", "Q271040": "Paula Marshall (born June 12, 1964) is an American actress.", "Q987662": "Edith Louise Rosenbaum Russell (June 12, 1879 \u2013 April 4, 1975) was an American fashion buyer, stylist and correspondent for Women's Wear Daily, best remembered for surviving the 1912 sinking of the RMS Titanic with a music box in the shape of a pig. The paper mache toy, covered in pigskin and playing a tune known as \"The Maxixe\" when its tail was twisted, was used by Edith Russell to calm frightened children in the lifeboat in which she escaped. Her story became widely known in the press at the time and was later included in the best-selling account of the disaster A Night to Remember by Walter Lord. Russell was also portrayed in the award-winning British docudrama produced by William MacQuitty that was based on Lord's book.", "Q37043": "Tallahassee () is the capital city of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat and only incorporated municipality in Leon County. Tallahassee became the capital of Florida, then the Florida Territory, in 1824. In 2018, the population was 193,551, making it the 7th-largest city in the U.S state of Florida, and the 126th-largest city in the United States. The population of the Tallahassee metropolitan area was 385,145 as of 2018. Tallahassee is the largest city in the Florida Big Bend and Florida Panhandle region, and the main center for trade and agriculture in the Florida Big Bend and Southwest Georgia regions.\nTallahassee is home to Florida State University, ranked the nation's eighteenth best public university by U.S. News & World Report. It is also home to Florida A&M University, the fifth-largest historically black university by total enrollment. Tallahassee Community College is a large state college that serves mainly as a feeder school to Florida State and Florida A&M. Tallahassee qualifies as a significant college town, with a student population exceeding 70,000.As the capital, Tallahassee is the site of the Florida State Capitol, Supreme Court of Florida, Florida Governor's Mansion, and nearly 30 state agency headquarters. The city is also known for its large number of law firms, lobbying organizations, trade associations and professional associations, including the Florida Bar and the Florida Chamber of Commerce. It is a recognized regional center for scientific research, and home to the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. In 2015, Tallahassee was awarded the All-American City Award by the National Civic League for the second time.", "Q69659": "Elisabeth Schroedter (born 11 March 1959, Dresden) is a German politician and was a Member of the European Parliament in the Alliance '90/The Greens from 1994 to 2014. She is married and has three sons.", "Q102770": "Peter Leonhard Braun (born 11 February 1929) is a German writer and radio producer.", "Q94924": "Carlos Quijano (Montevideo, 21 March 1900 - Mexico, 10 June 1984) was a Uruguayan lawyer, politician, essayist and journalist.\nHe is especially remembered as the founder of Marcha.", "Q38370": "Henry VIII (28 June 1491 \u2013 28 January 1547) was King of England from 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and, in particular, his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disagreement with Pope Clement VII on the question of such an annulment led Henry to initiate the English Reformation, separating the Church of England from papal authority. He appointed himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England and dissolved convents and monasteries, for which he was excommunicated. Henry is also known as \"the father of the Royal Navy,\" as he invested heavily in the navy, increasing its size from a few to more than 50 ships, and established the Navy Board.\nDomestically, Henry is known for his radical changes to the English Constitution, ushering in the theory of the divine right of kings. He also greatly expanded royal power during his reign. He frequently used charges of treason and heresy to quell dissent, and those accused were often executed without a formal trial by means of bills of attainder. He achieved many of his political aims through the work of his chief ministers, some of whom were banished or executed when they fell out of his favour. Thomas Wolsey, Thomas More, Thomas Cromwell, Richard Rich, and Thomas Cranmer all figured prominently in his administration.\nHenry was an extravagant spender, using the proceeds from the dissolution of the monasteries and acts of the Reformation Parliament. He also converted the money that was formerly paid to Rome into royal revenue. Despite the money from these sources, he was continually on the verge of financial ruin due to his personal extravagance, as well as his numerous costly and largely unsuccessful wars, particularly with King Francis I of France, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, James V of Scotland and the Scottish regency under the Earl of Arran and Mary of Guise. At home, he oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542, and he was the first English monarch to rule as King of Ireland following the Crown of Ireland Act 1542.\nHenry's contemporaries considered him an attractive, educated, and accomplished king. He has been described as \"one of the most charismatic rulers to sit on the English throne\". He was an author and composer. As he aged, however, he became severely obese and his health suffered, contributing to his death in 1547. He is frequently characterised in his later life as a lustful, egotistical, harsh, and insecure king. He was succeeded by his son Edward VI.", "Q442809": "Police Python 357 (also known as The Case Against Ferro) is a 1976 French crime-thriller film written and directed by Alain Corneau. It is an adaptation of the storyline of Kenneth Fearing's novel, The Big Clock.", "Q70308": "Cortaillod is a municipality in the district of Boudry in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland.\nThe neolithic Cortaillod culture was named after Cortaillod, where four neolithic villages have been discovered.", "Q955724": "Joshua Radin (born June 14, 1974) is an American singer-songwriter. He has recorded seven studio albums, and his songs have been used in a number of films and TV series. His most successful album, Simple Times, was released in 2008.", "Q93093": "Jacek Karpi\u0144ski (9 April 1927 \u2013 21 February 2010) was a Polish pioneer in computer engineering and computer science.\nDuring World War II, he was a soldier in the Batalion Zo\u015bka of the Polish Home Army, and was awarded multiple times with a Cross of Valour. He took part in Operation Kutschera (intelligence) and the Warsaw Uprising, where he was heavily wounded.\nLater, he became a developer of one of the first machine learning algorithms, techniques for character and image recognition.\nAfter receiving a UNESCO award in 1960, he travelled for several years around the academic centres in the United States, including MIT, Harvard, Caltech, and many others.\nIn 1971, he designed one of the first minicomputers, the K-202. Because of the policy on computer development in the People's Republic of Poland, belonging to the Comecon that time, the K-202 was never mass-produced.\nKarpi\u0144ski later became a pig farmer, and in 1981, after receiving a passport, emigrated to Switzerland.\nHe also founded the Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence of the Polish Academy of Sciences in the early 1960s.", "Q67674": "Waldemar Magunia (December 8, 1902 \u2013 February 16, 1974) was the leader of the Sturmabteilung (SA) in East Prussia and Commissioner General in Kiev.", "Q172297": "Roger Dennistoun \"Dennis\" Poore (19 August 1916, Paddington, London \u2013 12 February 1987, Kensington ) was a British entrepreneur, financier and sometime racing driver. He became chairman of NVT during the dying days of the old British motorcycle industry.", "Q104301": "Karl Gotthelf Jakob Weinhold (26 October 1823, in Reichenbach \u2013 15 August 1901, in Bad Nauheim) was a German folklorist and linguist who specialized in German studies.\nFrom 1842 he studied at the universities of Breslau and Berlin, obtaining his habilitation at Halle in 1847. In 1850 he became a professor of German language and literature at the University of Krakow. Afterwards, he taught as a professor at the universities of Graz (1851\u201361), Kiel (1861\u201375), Breslau (1876\u201389) and Berlin (from 1889). On three separate occasions he served as university rector; 1870\u201372 at Kiel, 1879/80 at Breslau and 1893/94 at Berlin.In 1891 he was a founder of the Zeitschrift des Vereins f\u00fcr Volkskunde (\"Journal of the Association of Folklore\").", "Q69881": "Werner Peters (7 July 1918 \u2013 30 March 1971) was a German film actor. He appeared in 102 films between 1947 and 1971.Peters was born in Werlitzsch, Kreis Delitzsch, Prussian Saxony, and died of a heart attack on a promotion tour for his latest film in Wiesbaden, Germany.\nHis film career started with the lead in Wolfgang Staudte's Der Untertan, produced in the young German Democratic Republic. Peters then worked in West Germany, appearing mostly in supporting roles in popular movies. He also established himself in the European and international film industry by frequently playing sinister German or Nazi characters.\nPeters appeared in two episodes of the 1966 American television espionage drama Blue Light. These were edited together with two other episodes to create the theatrical film I Deal in Danger, released in December 1966, which included his role.", "Q2875": "Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American epic historical romance film adapted from the 1936 novel by Margaret Mitchell. The film was produced by David O. Selznick of Selznick International Pictures and directed by Victor Fleming. Set in the American South against the backdrop of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era, the film tells the story of Scarlett O'Hara, the strong-willed daughter of a Georgia plantation owner. It follows her romantic pursuit of Ashley Wilkes, who is married to his cousin, Melanie Hamilton, and her subsequent marriage to Rhett Butler. The leading roles are played by Vivien Leigh (Scarlett), Clark Gable (Rhett), Leslie Howard (Ashley), and Olivia de Havilland (Melanie).\nProduction was difficult from the start. Filming was delayed for two years because of Selznick's determination to secure Gable for the role of Rhett Butler, and the \"search for Scarlett\" led to 1,400 women being interviewed for the part. The original screenplay was written by Sidney Howard and underwent many revisions by several writers in an attempt to get it down to a suitable length. The original director, George Cukor, was fired shortly after filming began and was replaced by Fleming, who in turn was briefly replaced by Sam Wood while Fleming took some time off due to exhaustion.\nThe film received positive reviews upon its release in December 1939, although some reviewers found it overlong. The casting was widely praised, and many reviewers found Leigh especially suited to her role as Scarlett. At the 12th Academy Awards, it received ten Academy Awards (eight competitive, two honorary) from thirteen nominations, including wins for Best Picture, Best Director (Fleming), Best Adapted Screenplay (posthumously awarded to Sidney Howard), Best Actress (Leigh), and Best Supporting Actress (Hattie McDaniel, becoming the first African American to win an Academy Award). It set records for the total number of wins and nominations at the time.\nGone with the Wind was immensely popular when first released. It became the highest-earning film made up to that point, and held the record for over a quarter of a century. When adjusted for monetary inflation, it is still the highest-grossing film in history. It was re-released periodically throughout the 20th century and became ingrained in popular culture. The film is regarded as one of the greatest films of all time; it has placed in the top ten of the American Film Institute's list of the top 100 American films since the list's inception in 1998. In 1989, the United States Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.", "Q267622": "Taylor Josephine Stephanie Luciow, known by her stage name Taylor Mitchell (August 27, 1990 \u2013 October 28, 2009) was a Canadian country folk singer and songwriter from Toronto. Her debut and only album, For Your Consideration, received encouraging reviews and airplay. Following a busy summer performance schedule, which included an appearance as a young performer at the Winnipeg Folk Festival, Taylor embarked on a tour of Eastern Canada with a newly acquired license and car.\nMitchell died at the age of 19 of injuries and blood loss after coyotes mauled her while she was walking in Cape Breton Highlands National Park's Skyline Trail. Her death is the only known fatal coyote attack on an adult as well as the only known fatal coyote attack on a human ever confirmed in Canada. It shocked experts and led to a reassessment of the risk to humans from the predator behaviour of coyotes.", "Q162084": "Torez (Ukrainian: \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0437) or Chystiakove (\u0427\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435) is a city of regional significance in Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine. Much of the city's economy relies on mining industries, despite a recent drop in the number of employed miners. In 2012, the city's population was 81,761, down from a 1970 peak of about 120,000.\nPro-Russian separatists took control of Torez in June 2014. On July 17, 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 crashed near the city.\nTorez was renamed from Chystyakove (Ukrainian: \u0427\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435) in 1964 in honor of French Communist Party leader Maurice Thorez, who died that year. The Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament), although Ukrainian authorities have no control over the city, renamed it back to Chystiakove in May 2016 due to Ukrainian decommunization laws.", "Q430521": "Shoot 'Em Up is a 2007 American action film written and directed by Michael Davis. It stars Clive Owen, Paul Giamatti, Monica Bellucci, and Stephen McHattie. The film follows Smith (Owen), a drifter who rescues a newborn from being killed by assassin Hertz (Giamatti) and his henchmen. Smith flees from the gang, enlisting the help of prostitute Donna Quintano (Bellucci) to keep the baby safe as he unravels the conspiracy.\nAccording to Davis, the idea for the film came about after he saw a gun-battle scene from John Woo's critically acclaimed Hard Boiled in which Chow Yun-fat rescues newborn babies from gangsters. Desiring to make an action film centering on guns, he expanded the idea into a screenplay in 2000, accompanied by an animated footage with 17,000 drawings for the action scenes. After a deal with New Line Cinema, filming began in Toronto. The film was photographed by Hong Kong cinematographer Peter Pau.\nBefore its September 2007 release, the film was previewed at that year's San Diego Comic-Con and received a positive response. Despite a mediocre commercial performance (recouping less than its budget), critical reception to the film was largely favorable.", "Q156321": "Jan Nepomuk Neruda (Czech: [\u02c8jan \u02c8n\u025bpomuk \u02c8n\u025bruda]; 9 July 1834 \u2013 22 August 1891) was a Czech journalist, writer, poet and art critic; one of the most prominent representatives of Czech Realism and a member of the \"May School\".\n\n", "Q110374": "William Paxton (May 17, 1955 \u2013 February 25, 2017) was an American actor and director. He appeared in films such as The Terminator (1984), Commando (1985), Weird Science (1985), Aliens (1986), Near Dark (1987), Predator 2 (1990), Tombstone (1993), True Lies (1994), Apollo 13 (1995), Twister (1996), Titanic (1997), Mighty Joe Young (1998), U-571 (2000), Vertical Limit (2000), Frailty (2001), Edge of Tomorrow (2014), and Nightcrawler (2014). He also starred in the HBO drama series Big Love (2006\u20132011), earning three Golden Globe Award nominations during the show's run. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for portraying Randall McCoy in the History channel miniseries Hatfields & McCoys (2012). His final film appearance was in The Circle (2017), released two months after his death.\n\n", "Q941751": "Lapo Edovard Elkann (born 7 October 1977) is an Italian businessman and grandson of Gianni Agnelli, the former controlling CEO and controlling shareholder of Fiat Automobiles.", "Q225411": "Louise of Lorraine (French: Louise de Lorraine) (30 April 1553 \u2013 29 January 1601), was Queen consort of France and briefly Queen consort of Poland and Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania by marriage to Henry III of France. As a Dowager Queen, she also held the title of Duchess of Berry from 1589 until her death.", "Q2387083": "Avram Joel Spolsky (born 1965) is a software engineer and writer. He is the author of Joel on Software, a blog on software development, and the creator of the project management software Trello. He was a Program Manager on the Microsoft Excel team between 1991 and 1994. He later founded Fog Creek Software in 2000 and launched the Joel on Software blog. In 2008, he launched the Stack Overflow programmer Q&A site in collaboration with Jeff Atwood. Using the Stack Exchange software product which powers Stack Overflow, the Stack Exchange Network now hosts over 170 Q&A sites.", "Q648436": "Bruno Andrade (born February 6, 1991 in S\u00e3o Paulo is a Brazilian racing driver.", "Q9920": "Haarlem (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0266a\u02d0rl\u025bm] (listen); predecessor of Harlem in the English language) is a city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of North Holland and is situated at the northern edge of the Randstad, one of the most populated metropolitan areas in Europe. Haarlem had a population of 161,265 in 2019.\nHaarlem was granted city status or stadsrechten in 1245, although the first city walls were not built until 1270. The modern city encompasses the former municipality of Schoten as well as parts that previously belonged to Bloemendaal and Heemstede. Apart from the city, the municipality of Haarlem also includes the western part of the village of Spaarndam. Newer sections of Spaarndam lie within the neighbouring municipality of Haarlemmermeer.", "Q65063": "Domenico Gerhard Gorgoglione (born December 18, 1963), known professionally as Nino de Angelo, is a German singer of Italian descent known for his 1983 chart-topper \"Jenseits von Eden\", and who participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 1989 with the song, \"Flieger\", written by Dieter Bohlen and Joachim Horn-Bernges.\nHe had a minor hit in 1984 in the UK Singles Chart with \"Guardian Angel\". Originally the song was recorded in German and written by Drafi Deutscher. Titled \"Jenseits von Eden\", it remained number one for ten weeks on the German chart in 1983, while an Italian version was number one in France for five weeks. He collaborated with German band Mr. President, performing a song called \"Olympic Games\" from their \"We See the Same Sun\" album. He participated in Eurovision Song Contest in 1989 with the song \"Flieger\", performed 21st in the night and finished 14h with 46 points. German punk band Die \u00c4rzte covered the song \"Jenseits Von Eden\" on their self-titled album, released in 1986.", "Q184267": "Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0301\u043a\u043e; Belarusian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u044d\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u044d\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0301\u043a\u0430; 18 July [O.S. 5 July] 1909 \u2013 2 July 1989) was a Soviet Belarusian communist politician during the Cold War. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1957\u20131985) and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985\u20131988). Gromyko was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy until he retired in 1988. In the 1940s Western pundits called him Mr. Nyet (\"Mr. No\") or \"Grim Grom\", because of his frequent use of the Soviet veto in the United Nations Security Council.\nGromyko's political career started in 1939 with his employment at the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (renamed Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1946). He became the Soviet ambassador to the United States in 1943, leaving that position in 1946 to become the Soviet Permanent Representative to the United Nations. Upon his return to the Soviet Union he became a Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and later the First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. He went on to become the Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1952.\nDuring his tenure as Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union, Gromyko was directly involved in the Cuban Missile Crisis and helped broker a peace treaty ending the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War. Under Leonid Brezhnev's leadership, he played a central role in the establishment of detente with the United States through his negotiation of the ABM Treaty, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, and SALT I & II, among others. After Brezhnev suffered a stroke in 1975 impairing his ability to govern, Gromyko formed a troika with KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov and Defense Minister Dmitriy Ustinov that dominated Soviet policymaking during the final years of Brezhnev's regime. Henceforth, Gromyko's conservatism and pessimistic view of the West dictated Soviet diplomacy until the rise of Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985.\nFollowing Gorbachev's election as General Secretary, Gromyko lost his office as foreign minister and was appointed to the largely ceremonial office of head of state. Subsequently, he retired from political life in 1988, and died the following year in Moscow.\n\n", "Q150750": "KAT-TUN (\u30ab\u30c8\u30a5\u30fc\u30f3, Kat\u016bn) is a Japanese boy band formed under Johnny & Associates (Johnny's) in 2001. The group's name was originally an acronym based on the first letter of each member's family name: Kazuya Kamenashi, Jin Akanishi, Junnosuke Taguchi, Koki Tanaka, Tatsuya Ueda, and Yuichi Nakamaru. Their debut on March 22, 2006 was marked by a tripartite release of a CD single, album and music DVD on their exclusive record label J-One Records. Since then, all of their single, album and music DVD releases have debuted at number one on the Oricon music and DVD charts.\nIn 2010, Akanishi left the group to start a solo career, making the group's acronym then come from KAmenashi, Taguchi, Tanaka, Ueda, and Nakamaru, and the group toured with five members. In 2013, Tanaka's contract was terminated for several violations, leaving KAT-TUN as a four-man ensemble, and Tatsuya Ueda took the T to keep the acronym. By the end of March 2016, Taguchi left both the group and the agency, leaving KAT-TUN with only three remaining members. The band sold 13,7 million copies in Japan.", "Q1000404": "Pryluky (Ukrainian: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0301\u043a\u0438 [pr\u026a\u02c8luk\u026a]) is a city located on the Udai River in Chernihiv Oblast, north-central Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of Pryluky Raion (district), the city itself is incorporated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. Located nearby is the Pryluky air base, a major strategic bomber base during the Cold War, which is Ukraine's largest airfield. Population: 57,735\u2009(2015 est.)\n\n", "Q327574": "Bruce Martyn Payne (born 1957 or 1958) is an English actor, producer, screenwriter, film director and theatre director. Payne trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London and was identified, in the late 1980s, with the \"Brit Pack\" of rising young British actors. Payne is best known for portraying villains, such as Charles Rane in Passenger 57, Jacob Kell in Highlander: Endgame, and Damodar in Dungeons & Dragons and Dungeons & Dragons 2: Wrath of the Dragon God.", "Q430535": "Michael Collins is a 1996 biographical period drama film written and directed by Neil Jordan and starring Liam Neeson as Michael Collins, the Irish patriot and revolutionary who died in the Irish Civil War. It won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival.", "Q1364884": "Michael Ellis Fisher (born 3 September 1931) is an English physicist, as well as chemist and mathematician, known for his many seminal contributions\nto statistical physics, including but not restricted to the theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena.\n\n", "Q141649": "Sarah Weeks (born March 18, 1955) is an American writer of children's books, perhaps best known for the novel So B. It which has won several juvenile literature awards. In 2007 it won the Rebecca Caudill Young Reader's Book Award and William Allen White Children's Book Award.", "Q961495": "Jack Taylor (born George Brown Randall, October 21, 1936), is a Spanish-based American actor best known for starring in many European low-budget exploitation films of the 1970s, and in particular several directed by Spanish cult director Jes\u00fas Franco.", "Q214800": "Calvin Richard Klein (born November 19, 1942) is an American fashion designer who launched the company that would later become Calvin Klein Inc., in 1968. In addition to clothing, he also has given his name to a range of perfumes, watches, and jewellery.", "Q9934": "Hilversum (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0266\u026alv\u0259rs\u028fm] (listen)) is a city and municipality in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. Located in the heart of the Gooi, it is the largest urban centre in that area. It is surrounded by heathland, woods, meadows, lakes, and smaller towns. Hilversum is part of the Randstad, one of the largest conurbations in Europe.", "Q956239": "Stefano Casiraghi (8 September 1960 \u2013 3 October 1990) was an Italian speedboat racer, socialite, and businessman. He was the son of Giancarlo Casiraghi and Fernanda Biffi, and became the second husband of Princess Caroline of Monaco. He was famous for having set a speed record in speedboat racing and was, at the time of his death in a racing accident, the world champion of offshore powerboat racing.", "Q24995": "Lu\u00edsa Vilar Braamcamp Sobral ComM (Portuguese pronunciation: [lu\u02c8iz\u0250 vi\u02c8la\u027e b\u027e\u0250\u0303\u02c8k\u0250\u0303p su\u02c8\u03b2\u027ea\u026b]; born 18 September 1987) is a Portuguese singer and songwriter.\nShe came to prominence in 2003 after finishing third in the first season of \u00cddolos, the Portuguese version of Idols television series. After going on hiatus to attend the Berklee College of Music, she released her debut album, The Cherry on My Cake, in 2011. She later composed \"Amar pelos dois\", which won the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 for Portugal and was performed by her brother Salvador Sobral.", "Q119422": "Luca Carboni (born 12 October 1962) is an Italian singer-songwriter. He debuted in 1981 as guitarist in the band Teobaldi Rock, publishing his first solo album in 1983. He is also a painter and carpenter.", "Q2386389": "Tabar\u00e9 Aguerre Lombardo (born 1957 in Montevideo) is an agronomist, entrepreneur and politician from Uruguay.\nAguerre is the Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries for Uruguay since 2010. He is Agronomist by the University of the Republic (Uruguay) and his first professional activity was to lead the technical team of a sugar mill at cooperative CALNU in Bella Union, Uruguay. During the 1980s he became and currently is a farmer as rice cultivator and cattle breeder in North of Uruguay. He was elected Member of the Executive Board and Vice-president of the Rice Farmers Association ACA (1988\u20132006) and President of that organization (2006\u20132009).\nIn 2010 he was appointed as Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture, and Fisheries by President Jos\u00e9 Mujica and in 2015 was re-appointed as Minister by President Tabar\u00e9 Vazquez.\nDuring his tenure at the cabinet, Aguerre has led the design and implementation of policies that reinforce a sustainable intensification pathway for Uruguay Agriculture. He has been invited to present at several international events key policies undertaken such as the soil conservation, adaptation to climate change and resilience, environmental value added, and climate smart agriculture.\n\n", "Q33231": "A photographer (the Greek \u03c6\u1ff6\u03c2 (phos), meaning \"light\", and \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae (graph\u00ea), meaning \"drawing, writing\", together meaning \"drawing with light\") is a person who makes photographs.", "Q1066795": "Charles William Aldrich (June 3, 1921 \u2013 January 25, 2015), better known by his stage name of Walkin' Charlie Aldrich, was an American country musician.", "Q265021": "Anne Shirley (born Dawn Evelyn Paris; April 17, 1918 \u2013 July 4, 1993) was an American actress.\nBeginning her career as a child actress under the stage name Dawn O'Day, she adopted the stage name of Anne Shirley, after playing the title character in the film adaptation of Anne of Green Gables in 1934,after which she achieved a successful career in supporting roles. Among her films is Stella Dallas (1937), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.\nAlthough Shirley left the acting profession in 1944, at the age of 26, she remained in Los Angeles, where she died at the age of 75.", "Q62718": "Karl Hubert Lanz (22 May 1896 \u2013 15 August 1982) was a German general during the Second World War, in which he led units in the Eastern Front and in the Balkans. After the war, he was tried for war crimes and convicted in the Southeast Case, specifically for several atrocities committed by units under his command in the Balkans. Released in 1951, he joined the liberal Free Democratic Party and served as its adviser on military and security issues.", "Q897317": "A winemaker or vintner is a person engaged in winemaking. They are generally employed by wineries or wine companies, where their work includes:\n\nCooperating with viticulturists\nMonitoring the maturity of grapes to ensure their quality and to determine the correct time for harvest\nCrushing and pressing grapes\nMonitoring the settling of juice and the fermentation of grape material\nFiltering the wine to remove remaining solids\nTesting the quality of wine by tasting\nPlacing filtered wine in casks or tanks for storage and maturation\nPreparing plans for bottling wine once it has matured\nMaking sure that quality is maintained when the wine is bottledToday, these duties require an increasing amount of scientific knowledge, since laboratory tests are gradually supplementing or replacing traditional methods. Winemakers can also be referred to as oenologists as they study oenology \u2013 the science of wine.", "Q1747272": "The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (MSU), formerly Baroda College is a public university in the city of Vadodara, in Gujarat state, India. Originally established as a college in 1881, it became a university in 1949 after the independence of the country. It was later renamed after its benefactor Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III, the former ruler of Baroda State.\nThe university offers undergraduate, post-graduate, and doctoral programs. It houses 89 departments spread over 6 campuses (2 rural and 4 urban) covering 275 acres of land.", "Q878": "The United Arab Emirates (UAE; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u200e al-\u02beIm\u0101r\u0101t al-\u02bfArab\u012byyah al-Mutta\u1e25idah), sometimes simply called the Emirates (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u200e al-\u02beIm\u0101r\u0101t), is a country in Western Asia at the northeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south and west, as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north. The sovereign constitutional monarchy is a federation of seven emirates consisting of Abu Dhabi (which serves as the capital), Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras Al Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm Al Quwain. Their boundaries are complex, with numerous enclaves within the various emirates. Each emirate is governed by a ruler; together, they jointly form the Federal Supreme Council. One of the rulers serves as the President of the United Arab Emirates. In 2013, the UAE's population was 9.2 million, of which 1.4 million are Emirati citizens and 7.8 million are expatriates.Human occupation of the present UAE has been traced back to the emergence of anatomically modern humans from Africa some 125,000 BCE through finds at the Faya-1 site in Mleiha, Sharjah. Burial sites dating back to the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age include the oldest known such inland site at Jebel Buhais. Known as Magan to the Sumerians, the area was home to a prosperous Bronze Age trading culture during the Umm Al Nar period, which traded between the Indus Valley, Bahrain and Mesopotamia as well as Iran, Bactria and the Levant. The ensuing Wadi Suq period and three Iron Ages saw the emergence of nomadism as well as the development of water management and irrigation systems supporting human settlement in both the coast and interior. The Islamic age of the UAE dates back to the expulsion of the Sasanians and the subsequent Battle of Dibba. The UAE's long history of trade led to the emergence of Julfar, in the present-day emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, as a major regional trading and maritime hub in the area. The maritime dominance of the Persian Gulf by Emirati traders led to conflicts with European powers, including the Portuguese Empire and the British Empire.\nFollowing decades of maritime conflict, the coastal emirates became known as the Trucial States with the signing of a Perpetual Treaty of Maritime Peace with the British in 1819 (ratified in 1853 and again in 1892), which established the Trucial States as a British Protectorate. This arrangement ended with independence and the establishment of the United Arab Emirates on 2 December 1971, immediately following the British withdrawal from its treaty obligations. Six emirates joined the UAE in 1971, the seventh, Ras Al Khaimah, joined the federation on 10 February 1972.Islam is the official religion and Arabic is the official language of the UAE. The UAE's oil reserves are the sixth-largest in the world while its natural gas reserves are the world's seventh-largest. Sheikh Zayed, ruler of Abu Dhabi and the first President of the UAE, oversaw the development of the Emirates and steered oil revenues into healthcare, education and infrastructure. The UAE's economy is the most diversified in the Gulf Cooperation Council, while its most populous city of Dubai is an important global city and international aviation and maritime trade hub. Consequently, the country is much less reliant on oil and gas than in previous years and is economically focusing on tourism and business. The UAE government does not levy income tax although there is a system of corporate tax in place and value added tax was established in 2018 at 5%.The UAE's rising international profile has led to it being recognised as a regional and a middle power. It is a member of the United Nations, the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, OPEC, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Gulf Cooperation Council.", "Q271054": "Alice Jane Evans is an English\u2013American actress.", "Q92399": "Albrecht F\u00f6lsing (1940 in Bad Salzungen \u2013 8 April 2018 in Hamburg) was a trained physicist turned into a scientific journalist. Having studied physics in Berlin, Philadelphia, and Hamburg, he worked as an academic research assistant for the German electron synchrotron named DESY. In the years 1973-2001, F\u00f6lsing was head of the Nature and Science Department of the North German Radio and Television. He has written several biographies of well-known physicists and studies of the \"cheating factor\" in science. His most widely known book is perhaps Albert Einstein: A Biography, which also gathers many quotations by Einstein.", "Q847446": "C.G mix (\u7560\u5c71\u614e\u53f8, Hatakeyama Shinji) is one of the main composers of the Japanese music production I've Sound.\nThe meaning of his name is \"Communication Groove mix\". C.G mix has already composed many songs for visual novel games and recently, anime theme songs for the I've Sound singers. Also a singer, he also performs songs for visual games but mostly for BL (Boy's Love) games. In 2001, he joined I've Sound and immediately became a composer and arranger of the group. He also features the use of rock music when creating his music but most of his songs are rather categorized as electronica.", "Q279408": "Seeed is a German hip hop, reggae and dancehall band based in Berlin. Founded in 1998, they have become well known in Germany and its neighboring countries.", "Q365753": "J\u00e9r\u00f4me-Adolphe Blanqui (November 21, 1798 \u2013 January 28, 1854) was a French economist. His most important contributions were made in labour economics, economic history and especially the history of economic thought, in which field his 1837 treatise has been the first major work. He was a disciple of Jean-Baptiste Say to whom he succeeded in 1833 to the chair of political economy at the Conservatoire des Arts et M\u00e9tiers, and a free trader.", "Q172283": "George Ross Eaton (born 12 November 1945) is a Canadian former racing driver who is a member of the prominent Eaton family.\n\n", "Q2861": "Rostock ( ROST-ok, German: [\u02c8\u0281\u0254st\u0254k] (listen)), officially the Hanseatic City of Rostock (German: Hansestadt Rostock), is the largest city in the German federal state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and lies in the Mecklenburgian part of the state, close to the border with Pomerania. With around 208,000 inhabitants, it is the third largest city on the German Baltic coast after Kiel and L\u00fcbeck, the eighth largest city in the area of former East Germany, as well as the 39th largest city of Germany. Rostock was the largest coastal and most important port city in East Germany.\nRostock stands on the estuary of the River Warnow into the Bay of Mecklenburg of the Baltic Sea. The city stretches for about 16 km (10 mi) along the river, that flows into the sea in the very north of the city, between the boroughs of Warnem\u00fcnde and Hohe D\u00fcne. The city center lies further upstream, in the very south of the city. While most of Rostock's inhabitants live on the western side of the Warnow, the area east of the river is dominated by the port, industrial estates and the forested Rostock Heath. The city's coastline east and west of the river mouth is relatively undeveloped, with long sandy beaches prevailing. The name of the city and of the river are of Slavic origin.\nRostock is the economic center of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and the state's only regiopolis. The port of Rostock is the fourth largest port in Germany after the North Sea ports of Hamburg, Bremen/Bremerhaven and Wilhelmshaven, and the largest port on the German Baltic coast. The ferry routes between Rostock and Gedser in Denmark as well as Trelleborg in Southern Sweden are among the busiest between Germany and Scandinavia. Rostock\u2013Laage Airport lies in a rural region southeast of the city.\nThe city is home to the oldest university in the Baltic region and one of the oldest universities in the world, the University of Rostock, founded in 1419. The university's hospital, Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Rostock, is one of two university hospitals in the state, along with Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Greifswald of the University of Greifswald in Western Pomerania.", "Q719679": "Haroldson Lafayette Hunt Jr. (February 17, 1889 \u2013 November 29, 1974), known throughout his life as H. L. Hunt, was a Texas oil tycoon and Republican political activist. By trading poker winnings for oil rights, he ultimately secured title to much of the East Texas Oil Field, one of the world's largest oil deposits. From it and his other acquisitions, he accrued a fortune that was among the world's largest; at the time of his death, he was reputed to have the highest net worth of any individual in the world.", "Q77473": "Doris Gercke (born 7 February 1937 in Greifswald) is an award-winning German writer of crime thrillers. She also works under the nom de plume Mary-Jo Morell.", "Q4664507": "Sir Ratanji Jamsetji Tata (20 January 1871 Mumbai \u2013 5 September 1918 St Ives, Cornwall) was an Indian financier and philanthropist.", "Q113669": "Oliver P\u00f6tzsch (born 1970) is a German author of popular fiction noted for being among the first writers to achieve bestselling status by publishing e-books.P\u00f6tzsch was born on December 20, 1970 in Munich. His mother was an elementary school teacher.\nHis works include The Hangman's Daughter (Die Henkerstochter), the first book in the series of the same name.\n\n", "Q60669": "Wolfgang Becker (born 22 June 1954) is a German film director and writer. He is best known to the international audience for his work Good Bye Lenin! (2003).\n\n", "Q77315": "Srebrenka \"Sena\" Jurinac (Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [sr\u00eabre\u02d0\u014bka s\u011b\u02d0na jur\u01d0\u02d0nat\u035cs]) (24 October 1921 \u2013 22 November 2011) was a Bosnia-born Croatian-Austrian operatic soprano.", "Q236479": "Alice Maud Krige (; born 28 June 1954) is a South African actress and producer. Her first feature film role was in Chariots of Fire (1981) as the Gilbert and Sullivan singer Sybil Gordon. She is well known for playing the dual role of Eva Galli/Alma Mobley in Ghost Story, and the Borg Queen in the Star Trek franchise, beginning with the film Star Trek: First Contact.", "Q68235": "Christopher Gustavus Memminger (born Christoph Gustav Memminger; January 9, 1803 \u2013 March 7, 1888) was a German-born American politician and one of the founding fathers of the Confederate States. He was the principal author of the Provisional Constitution (1861), as well as the founder of the nation's financial system. As the first Confederate States Secretary of the Treasury, Memminger was the main author of the economic policies of the Jefferson Davis administration.", "Q1080210": "Tinogasta is a western department of Catamarca Province in Argentina.\nThe provincial subdivision has a population of about 22,500 inhabitants in an area of 23,582 km2 (9,105 sq mi), and its capital city is Tinogasta, which is located around 1,415 km (879 mi) from Buenos Aires.", "Q67106": "Uznach is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q766913": "Edward Rudolph \"Ed\" Bradley, Jr. (June 22, 1941 \u2013 November 9, 2006) was an American journalist, best known for 26 years of award-winning work on the CBS News television program 60 Minutes. During his earlier career he also covered the fall of Saigon, was the first black television correspondent to cover the White House, and anchored his own news broadcast, CBS Sunday Night News with Ed Bradley. He received several awards for his work including the Peabody, the National Association of Black Journalists Lifetime Achievement Award, Radio Television Digital News Association Paul White (journalist) Award and 19 Emmy Awards.", "Q708012": "The Socialist Reich Party (German: Sozialistische Reichspartei Deutschlands) was a West German political party founded in the aftermath of World War II in 1949 as an openly neo-Nazi oriented split-off from the national conservative German Right Party (DKP-DRP). The party achieved some electoral success in northwestern Germany (Lower Saxony and Bremen).\nThe SRP was the first party to be banned by the Federal Constitutional Court in 1952.", "Q37731": "Uthman ibn Affan (Arabic: \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646\u200e, romanized: \u02bfUthm\u0101n ibn \u02bfAff\u0101n; 579/583 \u2013 17 June 656), also spelled by the Turkish and Persian rendering Osman, was a son-in-law and notable companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as the third of the Rashidun, or \"Rightly Guided Caliphs\". Born into a prominent Meccan clan, Banu Umayya of the Quraysh tribe, he played a major role in early Islamic history, and is known for having ordered the compilation of the standard version of the Quran. When Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab died in office aged 59/60 years, Uthman, aged 64/65 years, succeeded him and was the second-oldest to rule as Caliph.\nUnder Uthman's leadership, the Islamic empire expanded into Fars (present-day Iran) in 650, and some areas of Khorasan (present-day Afghanistan) in 651. The conquest of Armenia had begun by the 640s. His reign also saw widespread protests and unrest that eventually led to armed revolt and his assassination.\nAccording to Sunni and Shia belief, Uthman was married to Ruqayyah, and upon her death, married Umm Kulthum. Both his wives having been elder daughters of Muhammad and Khadija earned him the honorific title Dh\u016b al-Nurayn (\"The Possessor of Two Lights\"). Thus, he was also brother-in-law of the fourth Rashidun Caliph Ali whose own wife, Fatimah, was Muhammad's youngest daughter.", "Q323060": "John Robert Whiting (15 November 1917 \u2013 16 June 1963) was an English actor, dramatist and critic.", "Q66218": "Kandersteg is a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located along the valley of the River Kander, west of the Jungfrau massif. It is noted for its spectacular mountain scenery and sylvan alpine landscapes. Tourism is a very significant part of its economic life today. It offers outdoor activities year-round, with hiking trails and mountain climbing as well as downhill and cross-country skiing.", "Q227574": "Zubin Varla (born 1970) is a British actor and singer. He played the role of Judas in the 1996 West End revival of Jesus Christ Superstar, alongside Steve Balsamo (Jesus), Joanna Ampil (Mary Magdalene), and David Burt (Pilate). This production was staged at Lyceum Theatre, and was recorded in a full-length CD. \nVarla was trained at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama and has also performed in West End productions of Cyrano de Bergerac and Julius Caesar. He initiated the role of Saleem in the first written-for-stage production of Midnight's Children at London's Barbican Theatre in 2001-2. He starred as Frederick Trumper in the 2001 Danish Tour of the musical Chess and, along with fellow cast members, made the only complete recording of the score, the CD of which is now unavailable. He played Daniel Doyce in the BBC TV adaptation of Charles Dickens' Little Dorrit in October 2008.\nIn 2009, he starred in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night as Feste alongside Derek Jacobi. In 2010, he appeared in I, Claudius as Herod Agrippa.\nIn 2013 Varla featured as Leo Kamali in the 4th season of Strike Back.\nIn 2013 Varla portrayed Gustav Mahler in a performance with London Arts Orchestra\nIn 2014 he featured in 5 episodes of The BBC's production Our Girl as Qaseem.\nIn 2018 he played Bruce in the off West End production of Fun Home at the Young Vic and was nominated for a Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical.\nIn 2019 he played a pianist who obsessed with Theolonious Monk, the Astronomer, the Subway Driver and the Usher in the Off-West End Production of Dave Malloy\u2019s Ghost Quartet in its UK Premiere. (Due to the complexity of his role he stated in an interview with the Boulevard Theatre, Soho, (where the show ran) that \u2018I suppose I\u2019m also simply one of four storytellers.\u2019", "Q61577": "Andrea Ypsilanti (n\u00e9e Andrea Dill, 8 April 1957 in R\u00fcsselsheim, Hesse) is a German politician.", "Q4836116": "BNA Records, formerly known as BNA Entertainment, was a label group that shared ties with Arista Nashville and RCA Nashville from parent company Sony Music Nashville, which itself is a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment. Based in Nashville, Tennessee, BNA featured country music acts on its roster. The company derived its name from the IATA and ICAO airport codes for Nashville International Airport.\nThe label was founded by Boomer Castleman, who sold it to BMG Music in 1993. The first act signed was The Remingtons.\nIn August 2011, Sony Nashville announced a major corporate restructuring which included the merger of Columbia Nashville into BNA. The BNA name was retired in June 2012, with the last remaining artists moving to a newly re-established Columbia Nashville.", "Q271732": "Heidi Lynne Fleiss (born December 30, 1965) is an American former madam. She ran an upscale prostitution ring based in Los Angeles, California, and is often referred to as the \"Hollywood Madam\". Fleiss is also a columnist and television personality regularly featured in the 1990s in American media.", "Q883404": "Bleddyn Llewellyn Williams MBE (22 February 1923 \u2013 6 July 2009), was a Welsh rugby union centre. He played in 22 internationals for Wales, captaining them five times, winning each time, and captained the British Lions in 1950 for some of their tour of Australia and New Zealand. Considered to be the nonpareil of Welsh centres; he was robust in the tackle and known for his strong leadership and surging runs; he was often referred to as 'The Prince Of Centres'.", "Q328135": "John Milliken Parker, Sr. (March 16, 1863 \u2013 May 20, 1939), was an American Democratic politician from Louisiana, who served as the state's 37th Governor from 1920 to 1924. He was a friend and admirer of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt.", "Q65711": "Soazza is a municipality in the Moesa Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q100615": "Yvonne Ploetz (born 28 September 1984 in Saarbr\u00fccken) is a German politician and member of The Left (die Linke). On 1 February 2010, she became a member of the German Parliament when she succeeded Oskar Lafontaine.", "Q483927": "Bruce Cumings (born September 5, 1943) is an American historian of East Asia, professor, lecturer and author. He is the Gustavus F. and Ann M. Swift Distinguished Service Professor in History, and the former chair of the history department at the University of Chicago. He specializes in modern Korean history and contemporary international relations.\nIn May 2007, Cumings was the first recipient of the Kim Dae Jung Academic Award for Outstanding Achievements and Scholarly Contributions to Democracy, Human Rights and Peace granted by South Korea. The award is named in honor of 2000 Nobel Peace Prize winner and former President of South Korea Kim Dae Jung. The award recognizes Cumings for his \"outstanding scholarship, and engaged public activity regarding human rights and democratization during the decades of dictatorship in Korea, and after the dictatorship ended in 1987.\"\nCumings' Origins of the Korean War, Vol. 1 (1980) won the John K. Fairbank Prize of the American Historical Association, and his Origins of the Korean War, Vol. 2 (1991) won the Quincy Wright Book Award of the International Studies Association.", "Q73173": "Josef B\u00fchler (16 February 1904 \u2013 22 August 1948) was a state secretary and deputy governor to the Nazi Germany-controlled General Government in Krak\u00f3w during World War II.", "Q2576235": "The Wilhelmsgymnasium is a gymnasium (selective school) in Munich, Germany. Founded in 1559 to educate local boys, it is now coeducational. \nWilhelmsgymnasium is one of the few remaining gymnasium in Bavaria to be a \"pure Humanistisches Gymnasium\" (humanities gymnasium), meaning that it traditionally focuses on the Classics: all students are required to study Latin, English, and Ancient Greek, in addition to mainstream school subjects.\n\n", "Q166590": "C\u00e9sar Aira (Argentine Spanish: [\u02c8se.sa\u027e \u02c8ai.\u027ea]; born 23 February 1949 in Coronel Pringles, Buenos Aires Province) is an Argentinian writer and translator, and an exponent of contemporary Argentinian literature. Aira has published over a hundred short books of stories, novels and essays. In fact, at least since 1993 a hallmark of his work is a truly frenetic level of writing and publication\u2014two to five novella-length books each year. He has lectured at the University of Buenos Aires, on Copi and Arthur Rimbaud, and at the University of Rosario on Constructivism and St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9, and has translated and edited books from France, England, Italy, Brazil, Spain, Mexico, and Venezuela.", "Q97587": "Franz Jacob (August 9, 1906 \u2013 September 18, 1944) was a German Resistance fighter against the National Socialists and a Communist politician.", "Q110406": "Karlheinz Kaske (April 19, 1928, in Essen \u2013 September 27, 1998) was a German manager and CEO of the Siemens AG from 1981 to 1992.\nKaske studied Physics at RWTH Aachen and joined Siemens in 1950, when he became an engineer in the Siemens factory at Karlsruhe. Later he was a lecturer for electrical engineering at RWTH Aachen and he continued academic teaching during his following years in Siemens\u2019 development department. In 1975, Kaske became a member of the board of directors and since 1977 he was director of the power engineering department. He succeeded Bernhard Plettner as CEO in 1981. He passed the office to Heinrich von Pierer in October 1992.", "Q213809": "Hermann Rauschning (7 August 1887 \u2013 February 8, 1982) was a German conservative reactionary who briefly joined the Nazi movement before breaking with it. He was the President of the Free City of Danzig from 1933-1934, during which he led the Senate of the Free City of Danzig. In 1934, he renounced Nazi Party membership and in 1936 emigrated from Germany. He eventually settled in the United States and began openly denouncing Nazism. Rauschning is chiefly known for his book Gespr\u00e4che mit Hitler (Conversations with Hitler, American title: Voice of Destruction, British title: Hitler Speaks) in which he claimed to have had many meetings and conversations with Adolf Hitler.\n\n", "Q167856": "James Fenimore Cooper (September 15, 1789 \u2013 September 14, 1851) was an American writer of the first half of the 19th century. His historical romances depicting frontier and Native American life from the 17th to the 19th centuries created a unique form of American literature. He lived much of his boyhood and the last fifteen years of life in Cooperstown, New York, which was founded by his father William on property that he owned. Cooper became a member of the Episcopal Church shortly before his death and contributed generously to it. He attended Yale University for three years, where he was a member of the Linonian Society.After a stint on a commercial voyage, Cooper served in the U.S. Navy as a midshipman, where he learned the technology of managing sailing vessels which greatly influenced many of his novels and other writings. The novel that launched his career was The Spy, a tale about espionage set during the American Revolutionary War and published in 1821. He also created American sea stories. His best-known works are five historical novels of the frontier period, written between 1823 and 1841, known as the Leatherstocking Tales, which introduced the iconic American frontier scout, Natty Bumppo. Cooper's works on the U.S. Navy have been well received among naval historians, but they were sometimes criticized by his contemporaries. Among his most famous works is the Romantic novel The Last of the Mohicans, often regarded as his masterpiece. Throughout his career, he published numerous social, political, and historical works of fiction and non-fiction with the objective of countering European prejudices and nurturing an original American art and culture.", "Q702259": "For the town in Indiana, United States, see Elberfeld, Indiana. For the baseball player with this name, see Kid Elberfeld.\n\nElberfeld is a municipal subdivision of the German city of Wuppertal; it was an independent town until 1929.", "Q89961": "Joseph Kupelwieser (14 January 1791 \u2013 2 February 1866) was an Austrian playwright, librettist, dramaturge and theatre director. Working at Vienna theatres for decades, he wrote the libretto for Schubert's opera Fierrabras.\n\n", "Q378702": "Pepin II, called the Younger (823 \u2013 after 864 in Senlis), was King of Aquitaine from 838 as the successor upon the death of his father, Pepin I. Pepin II was eldest son of Pepin I and Ingeltrude, daughter of Theodobert, count of Madrie. He was a grandson of the Emperor Louis the Pious.\nPepin was elected king upon his father's death by the nobles of Aquitaine who were keen to establish their independence from the Empire. However, his grandfather Louis the Pious had appointed his son Charles the Bald, Pepin's uncle who was about the same age, as King of Aquitaine in 832 when he (nominally) dispossessed Pepin\u2019s father Pepin I, and eventually contested the kingship on Pepin I\u2019s death in 838. Pepin had thereafter been at war with his half-uncle Charles. Louis the Pious fully disinherited him at Cr\u00e9mieu and then at Worms in two subsequent divisions of the empire.\nLouis demanded the Aquitainians send Pepin to Aachen to learn the ways of good governance, which they refused. Pepin was in total control of Aquitaine until 841 when he went to his uncle Lothair I's aid at the Battle of Fontenoy (a year after his aging grandfather died at age 62). Pepin defeated Charles the Bald, but Lothair was routed by Louis the German, another son of Emperor Louis. Pepin returned to Aquitaine and continued war with Charles the Bald.\nIn 844 Pepin made the fatal error of asking for help from Jarl Oscar, a Viking adventurer. He guided Oscar's forces up the Garonne to Toulouse, giving them an opportunity to scout the land for plundering. In 845 Pepin welcomed Seguin of Bordeaux who had defected from the Emperor's side. Pepin made him dux Wasconum, to help his fight against Sans II Sancion of Gascony, who had been at war with his father Pepin I.\nBordeaux, the largest city in Aquitaine and then controlled by Charles, was seized by Oscar in 847, with the aid of disaffected citizens. These were either Jews or partisans of Pepin. The loss of this city to a heathen pirate, coupled with Pepin's heavy drinking and loose living, eroded his support in the nobility until 848 he was left with no support. His younger brother, Charles then tried to claim the Aquitainian Kingdom for himself.\nPepin II's rule finally ended in 851 or 852 when he was captured by Sans II Sancion, and handed over to Charles. He was detained in the monastery of Saint M\u00e9dard in Soissons. As reward Sans was awarded the status of Duke.\nLouis the German, who was at war with Charles the Bald, sent his son Louis the Younger, to claim Aquitaine. He marched as far as Limoges in 855 before returning east.\nPepin escaped and recovered some of his old authority and lands in 854. The Vikings now established in the Loire Valley ravaged Poitiers, Angoul\u00eame, P\u00e9rigueux, Limoges, Clermont, and Bourges while Charles the Bald was busy trying to subdue Pepin. In 864 Pepin joined the Vikings and is rumored to have turned from Christianity to worship Woden and \"lived like one of them [the Vikings]\". He joined the Vikings in an attack on Toulouse. He was captured again later in 864, deposed by the Edict of Pistres, and imprisoned in Senlis, where he would die.", "Q236451": "Lily May Loveless (born 16 April 1990) is an English actress, best known for her role as Naomi in the BAFTA award-winning drama Skins.", "Q29527": "Nancy Jan Davis (n\u00e9e Smotherman; born November 1, 1953) is a former American astronaut. A veteran of three space flights, Davis logged over 673 hours in space. She is now retired from NASA.", "Q60641": "Madhukar (Sanskrit, literally: \"Beloved, sweet like honey\"; born 4 November 1957, in Stuttgart) is a German author, teaches Advaita. He established the Yoga of Silence.", "Q4322799": "Vadym Novynskyi (born 3 June 1963) is a Ukrainian (since May 2012) businessman, owner of Smart Holding Group, and politician. According to Forbes Novinsky's Net Worth in March 2013 was $1.9 billion.", "Q69103": "King Hassan II (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u0633\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0652\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u062f\u064f \u0628\u0652\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0652\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u0633\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0628\u0652\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0641\u0650 \u0628\u0652\u0646 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0650\u0651\u200e, MSA: (a)l-\u1e25asan a\u1e6f-\u1e6f\u0101n\u012b, Maghrebi Arabic: el-\u1e25asan ett(s)\u00e2ni; 9 July 1929 \u2013 23 July 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999. He is descended from the Alaouite dynasty. He was the eldest son of Mohammed V, Sultan, then King of Morocco (1909\u20131961), and his second wife, Lalla Abla bint Tahar (1909\u20131992). Hassan was known to be one of the most severe rulers of Morocco, widely accused of authoritarian practices and of being an autocrat and a dictator, particularly during the Years of Lead.", "Q259096": "Anchee Min or Min Anqi (Chinese: \u9594\u5b89\u742a; pinyin: M\u01d0n \u0100nq\u00ed; born January 14, 1957, in Shanghai, China) is a Chinese-American author who lives in San Francisco and Shanghai. Min has published two memoirs, Red Azalea and The Cooked Seed: A Memoir, and six historical novels. Her fiction emphasizes strong female characters, such as Jiang Qing, the wife of chairman Mao Zedong, and Empress Dowager Cixi, the last ruling empress of China.", "Q153503": "Juan F\u00e9lix S\u00e1nchez (16 May 1900 \u2013 18 April 1997) was Andean folk artist born in San Rafael de Mucuch\u00edes, M\u00e9rida, Venezuela. S\u00e1nchez' talents included weaving and sculpture, and he was also the architect and builder of the Chapel of San Rafael de Mucuch\u00edes dedicated to the Our Lady of Coromoto at El Tisure, as well as several other small chapels.While President of the Communal Meeting of San Rafael in 1929 - 1933, he organised the installation of a turbine to provide electricity to the town.\nIn the 1980s, he was the subject of a short film designed to \"acknowledge and uncover the land, the beauty and the people of Venezuela\" which received several awards.", "Q837837": "Power pop (also typeset as powerpop) is a form of pop rock based on the early music of bands such as the Who, the Beatles, the Beach Boys, and the Byrds. It originated in the mid 1960s as young music fans began to rebel against the emerging pretensions of rock music, and developed mainly among American musicians who came of age during the British Invasion. The genre typically incorporates melodic hooks, vocal harmonies, an energetic performance, and \"happy\"-sounding music underpinned by a sense of yearning, longing, or despair.\nThe term \"power pop\" was coined by the Who's Pete Townshend in 1967 to describe their style of music. However, the term became more widely identified with subsequent artists from the 1970s who sought to revive Beatles-style pop. The sound of the genre became more established thanks to early 1970s hits by Badfinger, the Raspberries, and Todd Rundgren. Subsequent artists occasionally drew from developments such as new wave, punk, glam rock, pub rock, college rock, and neo-psychedelia.\nPower pop reached its commercial peak during the rise of punk and new wave in the late 1970s, with Cheap Trick, the Knack, the Romantics, Nick Lowe, Dave Edmunds, and Dwight Twilley. During this time, music critics who wrote about the phenomenon popularized the term's usage. After a popular and critical backlash to the genre's biggest-ever hit, \"My Sharona\" (The Knack, 1979), record companies generally stopped signing power pop groups, and most of the 1970s bands broke up in the early 1980s.\nOver the proceeding decades, power pop continued with modest commercial success while largely remaining an object of critical derision. The 1990s saw a new wave of alternative bands that were drawn to 1960s artists because of the 1980s music they influenced. Although not as successful as their predecessors, Jellyfish, the Posies, Redd Kross, Teenage Fanclub, and Material Issue were critical and cult favorites. In the mid-1990s, an offshoot genre that combined power pop harmonies with uptempo punk, dubbed \"punk-pop\", reached mainstream popularity.", "Q486877": "South Bend is a city in, and the county seat of, St. Joseph County, Indiana, on the St. Joseph River near its southernmost bend, from which it derives its name. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total of 101,168 residents; its metropolitan statistical area had a population of 318,586 and its combined statistical area, 721,296. It is the fourth-largest city in Indiana, serving as the economic and cultural hub of northern Indiana. The University of Notre Dame is located just to the north in unincorporated Notre Dame.\nThe area was originally settled in the early 19th century by fur traders and was established as a city in 1865. The St. Joseph River shaped South Bend's economy through the mid-20th century. River access assisted heavy industrial development such as that of the Studebaker Corporation, the Oliver Chilled Plow Company, and other large corporations.\nThe population of South Bend declined after 1960, when it had a peak population of 132,445. This was chiefly due to migration to suburban areas as well as the demise of Studebaker and other heavy industry. Today, the largest industries in South Bend are health care, education, small business, and tourism. Remaining large corporations include Crowe, Honeywell, and AM General.\nRecently, the city population has begun to grow for the first time in nearly fifty years. The old Studebaker plant and surrounding area, now called Ignition Park, is being redeveloped as a technology center to attract new industry.The city has also been featured in national news coverage of former Mayor Pete Buttigieg, former candidate in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries.", "Q443295": "Michael Roof (November 24, 1976 \u2013 June 9, 2009) was an American actor and comedian.", "Q1377608": "Sean Carl Roland Pertwee (born 4 June 1964) is an English actor and producer with an extensive career since the 1980s in television and cinema productions. \nHe played 'Sgt. Wells' in the cinema film Dog Soldiers, 'Pilot Smith' in Event Horizon, Inspector Lestrade in CBS's Elementary and Alfred Pennyworth in Fox's Gotham. He is also the narrator of MasterChef: The Professionals and Wild Canada.", "Q76023": "Adolf Stern (real name: Adolf Ernst; June 14, 1835 \u2013 April 15, 1907) was a German literary historian and poet.\nHe was born in Leipzig. He studied at the universities of Leipzig and Jena, and in 1868 was appointed professor of the history of literature in the K\u00f6niglich-S\u00e4chsischen Polytechnikum of Dresden. His publications include the compilation F\u00fcnfzig Jahre deutscher Dichtung (1871); two collections of essays, Aus dem achtzehnten Jahrhundert (1874), Geschichte der neuern Litteratur (seven volumes, 1882\u201385); Grundriss der allgemeinen Literaturgeschichte (fourth edition, 1906); and editing of Hauff, Herder, and K\u00f6rner, Sr. His literary works include: Gedichte (1860); fourth edition, 1900); Die Wiedert\u00e4ufer (1866), stories; the novels Die letzten Humanisten (1880); Camo\u00ebns (1887); and Die Ausgestossenen (1911), a fragment. His selected works appeared in eight volumes (Leipzig, 1908). He died in Dresden.", "Q642127": "Fran\u00e7ois Le Lionnais (3 October 1901 \u2013 13 March 1984) was a French chemical engineer and writer. He was a co-founder of the literary movement Oulipo.", "Q272213": "Constance Alice Talmadge (April 19, 1898 \u2013 November 23, 1973) was an American silent film star. She was the sister of actresses Norma and Natalie Talmadge.", "Q451849": "Alison Louise Balsom, Lady Mendes, (born 7 October 1978) is an English trumpet soloist, arranger, producer, and music educator. Balsom was awarded Artist of the Year at the 2013 Gramophone Awards and has won three Classic BRIT Awards and three German Echo Awards, and was soloist at the BBC Last Night of the Proms in 2009. She was the artistic director of the 2019 Cheltenham Music Festival.", "Q3036095": "Donald K. Tarlton, CM (born 12 May 1943) is a Canadian record producer and promoter. He promoted numerous concerts and Canadian musicians under the name Donald K. Donald.", "Q1008702": "Ghazala Javed (Pashto: \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062f\u200e) (January 1, 1988 \u2013 June 18, 2012) was a Pakistani Pashtun playback singer from Swat Valley, Pakistan. She began singing since 2004 and was \"popular with young, progressive ethnic Pashtuns in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Her music was famous not only in Pakistan but also in neighbouring Afghanistan and among Pashtuns around the world.", "Q72245": "Thomas Bach, (born 29 December 1953) is a German lawyer and former Olympic fencer. Bach is the ninth and current President of the International Olympic Committee, and a former member of the German Olympic Sports Confederation Executive Board.", "Q822584": "Bernard M. Oliver (May 27, 1916 \u2013 November 23, 1995), also known as Barney Oliver, was a scientist who made contributions in many fields, including radar, television, and computers. He was the founder and director of Hewlett Packard (HP) laboratories until his retirement in 1981. He is also a recognized pioneer in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). Oliver was president of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in 1965. In 1986, Oliver was a National Medal of Science recipient for Engineering Science and on February 11, 2004 it was announced that Oliver had been inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.", "Q233529": "Dee Dee Bridgewater (n\u00e9e Denise Garrett, May 27, 1950) is an American jazz singer. She is a three-time Grammy Award-winning singer-songwriter, as well as a Tony Award-winning stage actress. For 23 years, she was the host of National Public Radio's syndicated radio show JazzSet with Dee Dee Bridgewater. She is a United Nations Goodwill Ambassador for the Food and Agriculture Organization.", "Q101523": "Paul Nieder-Westermann (3 October 1892, Langendreer \u2013 10 October 1957, Bochum) was a German politician of the NSDAP.", "Q467323": "Christine Therese O'Donnell (born August 27, 1969) is a former Republican Party candidate and conservative activist in the Tea Party movement best known for her 2010 campaign for the United States Senate seat from Delaware vacated by former Vice President Joe Biden.\nO'Donnell was born in Philadelphia and began her career as a public relations and marketing consultant in the early 1990s. After attending Fairleigh Dickinson University, O'Donnell was active in Republican organizations and campaigns. She also worked for such organizations as Enough is Enough and Concerned Women for America. Later, O'Donnell established her own consulting firm.\nWith strong financial support from the Tea Party movement, she defeated nine-term U.S. Representative and former governor Michael Castle in Delaware's September 2010 Republican primary for the U.S. Senate, despite Castle being the favorite to take the seat back from the Democrats. In doing so, O'Donnell caused an uproar among the political establishment. She lost in the general election to Democrat Chris Coons by a margin of 57% to 40%.O'Donnell's 2010 Senate run was her third try for the office in five years. In 2008, she was the Republican nominee, losing to the incumbent (also running as the Democratic VP nominee), Joe Biden, by 65% to 35%. In 2006, she ran in the Republican primary for Senate, finishing third, then ran as a write-in\nin the general election, drawing four percent of the vote. After 2010, O'Donnell provided commentary on the Fox News Channel and CNN.", "Q1334725": "Kevin Fitzgerald Corrigan (born March 27, 1969) is an American actor. He has appeared mostly in independent films and television since the 1990s, including the role of Uncle Eddie on the sitcom Grounded for Life (2001\u20132005). His film appearances have included supporting roles in Goodfellas (1990), Henry Fool (1997), The Departed (2006), Superbad (2007), Pineapple Express (2008), Seven Psychopaths (2012) and co-starring roles in Big Fan (2009) and Results (2015).", "Q684014": "William Henry Gates II (born November 30, 1925), better known as Bill Gates Sr., is an American retired attorney and philanthropist, and author of the book Showing Up for Life: Thoughts on the Gifts of a Lifetime. He is the father of Bill Gates, the co-founder of Microsoft.\nOne of a line of businessmen named William H. Gates, and sometimes called William Gates Jr. during his career, he is now generally known as William Henry Gates Sr. due to the greater prominence of his son Bill Gates (whose full name is William Henry Gates III). He has adopted the suffix \"Sr.\" to distinguish himself from his more famous son.\n\n", "Q274662": "\u00c9lie Robert de Rothschild (29 May 1917 \u2013 6 August 2007) was the guardian of the French branch of the Rothschild family banking dynasty. He followed his father as a partner in the family bank, de Rothschild Fr\u00e8res, and ran the Ch\u00e2teau Lafite-Rothschild premier cru claret vineyard from 1946 to 1974.", "Q1372770": "William Sanderson (born January 10, 1944) is an American character actor known for his work in feature films such as Blade Runner (1982), and in television series such as Newhart (1982\u20131990), Deadwood (2004\u20132006, 2019) and True Blood (2008\u20132010, 2012).\n\n", "Q5052689": "Catherine Galbraith (n\u00e9e Catherine Merriam Atwater; January 19, 1913 \u2013 October 1, 2008) was an American author who was the wife of economist and author John Kenneth Galbraith, and the mother of four sons: diplomat and political analyst, Peter W. Galbraith, economist James K. Galbraith, attorney J. Alan Galbraith, and Douglas Galbraith who died in childhood of leukemia.", "Q3783461": "William Harper \"Bill\" Carter (born August 15, 1939) is an American businessman and former child actor. Using the stage name Harper Carter, he acted in several films as a child, notably the 1953 film Titanic, and appeared in adult roles in the late 1960s and early 1970s in film and television. In 1974, he moved to Westlake Village, California, and began working in real estate. In 1992 he became Executive Vice President of Sotheby's International Realty. Teamed with a fellow real estate agent, he has listed and sold more than one billion dollars in property.", "Q89949": "Josef Pfitzner (24 March 1901 \u2013 6 September 1945) was a politician of Nazi Germany and a writer. He held the rank of Standartenf\u00fchrer in the SA. Pfitzner was publicly executed in Prague after World War II for speaking in favour of the Nazis, taking part in Nazi organisations, and defrauding Prague city in financial deals with the Germans.", "Q32661": "Jane Loretta Anne Goldman (born 11 June 1970) is an English screenwriter, author and producer. With Matthew Vaughn, she co-wrote the screenplays of Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014) and its sequel Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017), as well as X-Men: First Class (2011), Kick-Ass (2010) and Stardust (2007). Goldman also worked on the story of X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), the sequel to First Class, in partnership with Vaughn. Both met high critical praise for their partnership works.\nGoldman's first solo screenplay was The Woman in Black (2012). She also wrote the script for Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children, a 2016 film adaption of the novel, for Tim Burton.\nShe has also written the books Dreamworld (2000) and The X-Files Book of the Unexplained (1997), and presented her own paranormal TV series, Jane Goldman Investigates, on the channel Living, between 2003 and 2004.", "Q91860": "Mathes Roriczer, also Matth\u00e4us Roritzer (approximate dates 1435-1495), was a 15th-century German architect and author of several surviving booklets on medieval architectural design.\nBorn into a family of master builders, Roritzer progressed to the position of master builder of cathedrals, or Baudommeister and in this role contributed to the [[Regensburg Cathedral>Regensburg]] and Eichst\u00e4tt Cathedrals, and St. Lorenz Church of Nuremberg. While in Regensburg he printed broadsheets and also published several of his own works. It is one of his texts, B\u00fcchlein von der Fialen Gerechtigkeit or Booklet Concerning Pinnacle Correctitude, that is sometimes credited with revealing the craft secrets of the German medieval master masons. It is more likely that no such secrecy existed, and that the scarcity of contemporary writing combined with the rules that prevented masons from working for a non-trained builder have given this erroneous impression.There exists a portrait of Mathes Roriczer by Hans Holbein the Elder.", "Q1066965": "Charles Douglas Musselwhite (born January 31, 1944) is an American electric blues harmonica player and bandleader, one of the white bluesmen who came to prominence in the early 1960s, along with Mike Bloomfield and Paul Butterfield. He has often been identified as a \"white bluesman\". Musselwhite was reportedly the inspiration for Elwood Blues; the character played by Dan Aykroyd in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers.", "Q1689047": "James Brewer (October 3, 1920 \u2013 June 3, 1988), also known as Blind Jim Brewer (although Brewer did not like this additive: \"My mother didn't name me \"Blind\", she named me \"Jim\"), was an American blues singer and guitarist.\nBorn in Brookhaven, Mississippi, he moved to Chicago, Illinois in the 1940s spending the latter part of his life busking and performing both blues and religious songs at blues and folk festivals, on Chicago\u2019s Maxwell Street and other venues.", "Q907738": "David Turnbull (February 18, 1915 \u2013 April 28, 2007) was an American physical chemist who worked in the interdisciplinary fields of materials science and applied physics. Turnbull made seminal contribution to solidification theory and glass formation. Turnbull was born in Elmira, Elmira Township, Stark County, Illinois. He graduated from high school in 1932 and then received a bachelor's degree in 1936 from Monmouth College (Illinois), specializing in physical chemistry. He received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry under T. E. Phipps from the University of Illinois in 1939. He was on the faculty of Case Institute of Technology from 1939 to 1946.In 1946, he joined the General Electric research laboratory, performing research into nucleation of structural transformations occurring during the solidification of liquid metals, demonstrating that such complex processes could be quantitatively understood. Using a low-melting-point metal, mercury, Turnbull determined that the small supercoolings usually seen were the result of heterogeneous catalysts in the melt. When liquid mercury is dispersed as small droplets, large supercoolings could be achieved. The previously empirical study of metal solidification was provided a consistent scientific foundation.Turnbull and his General Electric colleagues developed metal alloy processing. Turner and I. S. Servi developed homogeneous nucleation theory for a solid-solid transformation, providing the technologically important basis for strengthening metallic alloys through precipitation hardening. With Morrel Cohen, he developed the free volume theory for fluid flow. In 1950, Turnbull formulated a criterion for the ease of glass formation from supeercooled melts with a high viscosity by rapid solidification. Independently and simultaneously to Cohen, he predicted the formation of metallic glass phases from sufficiently fast cooling of an alloy melt with a deep eutectic. This was demonstrated by Pol Duwez at Caltech in 1959, who produced thin micron-sized sheets of an Au-Si alloy using a very high cooling rate (approximately 106 K/s). H. S. Chen showed in 1971 that mm-sized glassy rods (so-called \"bulk metallic glass,\" or BMG) of Pd-Cu-Si could be produced by suction casting with a cooling rate of 1000 K/s. In 1982, Turnbull then demonstrated that a bulk metallic glass could be produced in the Pd-Ni-P system with a cooling rate as low as 100 K/s.\nIn 1962, Turnbull joined Harvard University as the Gordon McKay Professor of applied physics, where he taught for 23 years. One of his graduate students at Harvard described him as follows: \"As a physicist, manager, psychologist and philosopher, he combines the erudition of a Renaissance scholar with the expert knowledge of a 20th century man of Science.\" He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1968, was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was awarded the Japan Prize in 1986 \"for pioneering contributions to material science\". He received the Franklin Medal in 1990.\nDavid Turnbull died on April 28, 2007, at the age of 92, in his house in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was survived by two sons and a daughter.", "Q1398": "Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [\u02c8pu\u02d0bl\u026a.\u028as w\u025br\u02c8\u0261\u026al\u026a.\u028as \u02c8maro\u02d0]; traditional dates 15 October 70 BC \u2013 21 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil ( VUR-jil) in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He wrote three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid. A number of minor poems, collected in the Appendix Vergiliana, are sometimes attributed to him.Virgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome since the time of its composition. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Trojan refugee Aeneas as he struggles to fulfill his destiny and reach Italy, where his descendants Romulus and Remus were to found the city of Rome. Virgil's work has had wide and deep influence on Western literature, most notably Dante's Divine Comedy, in which Virgil appears as Dante's guide through Hell and Purgatory.\n\n", "Q193727": "The Johns Hopkins University is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, the university was named for its first benefactor, the American entrepreneur, abolitionist, and philanthropist Johns Hopkins. His $7 million bequest (approximately $147.5 million in today's dollars)\u2014of which half financed the establishment of Johns Hopkins Hospital\u2014was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States up to that time. Daniel Coit Gilman, who was inaugurated as the institution's first president on February 22, 1876, led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U.S. by integrating teaching and research. Adopting the concept of a graduate school from Germany's historic Heidelberg University, Johns Hopkins University is considered the first research university in the United States. Over the course of several decades, the university has led all U.S. universities in annual research and development expenditures. In fiscal year 2016, Johns Hopkins spent nearly $2.5 billion on research. The university has additional graduate campuses in Italy, China, and Washington, D.C., in addition to its main campus in Baltimore, Maryland. The university has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top universities in the world.Johns Hopkins is organized into 10 divisions on campuses in Maryland and Washington, D.C., with international centers in Italy and China. The two undergraduate divisions, the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the Whiting School of Engineering, are located on the Homewood campus in Baltimore's Charles Village neighborhood. The medical school, the nursing school, and the Bloomberg School of Public Health are located on the Medical Institutions campus in East Baltimore. The university also consists of the Peabody Institute, the Applied Physics Laboratory, the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, the School of Education, the Carey Business School, and various other facilities.Johns Hopkins was a founding member of the American Association of Universities. As of October 2019, 39 Nobel laureates and 1 Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Johns Hopkins. Founded in 1883, the Blue Jays men's lacrosse team has captured 44 national titles and plays in the Big Ten Conference as an affiliate member as of 2014.\n\n", "Q598485": "Stan Nicholls (born 1949) is a British author and journalist, working full-time since 1981. He is the author of many novels and short stories but is best known for the internationally acclaimed Orcs: First Blood series.", "Q1527502": "Samuel John Farrar (born June 29, 1978) is an Australian\u2013American musician, singer and record producer. He is best known as a member of the pop rock band Maroon 5, in which he plays several instruments. A frequent collaborator with the band since the 1990s, he joined as a touring member in 2012 and was promoted to an official member in 2016. He is also the bassist for the rock band Phantom Planet.", "Q1037294": "Nicholas J. Hoff, (January 3, 1906, Magyar\u00f3v\u00e1r, Hungary \u2013 August 4, 1997) was a Hungarian-born American engineer specializing in aeronautics and astronautics, which he taught at Stanford University.", "Q62730": "Das Boot (German pronunciation: [das \u02c8bo\u02d0t], English: \"The Boat\") is a 1981 West German war film written and directed by Wolfgang Petersen, produced by G\u00fcnter Rohrbach, and starring J\u00fcrgen Prochnow, Herbert Gr\u00f6nemeyer, and Klaus Wennemann. It has been exhibited both as a theatrical release and as a TV miniseries (1985), in several different home video versions of various running times, and in a director's cut version supervised by Petersen in 1997.\nAn adaptation of Lothar-G\u00fcnther Buchheim's 1973 German novel of the same name, the film is set during World War II and follows German U-boat U-96 and its crew, as they set out on a hazardous patrol in the Battle of the Atlantic. It depicts both the excitement of battle and the tedium of the fruitless hunt, and shows the men serving aboard U-boats as ordinary individuals with a desire to do their best for their comrades and their country.\nDevelopment began in 1979. Several American directors were considered three years earlier before the film was shelved. During production, Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock, the captain of the real U-96 and one of Germany's top U-boat \"tonnage aces\" during the war, and Hans-Joachim Krug, former first officer on U-219, served as consultants. One of Petersen's goals was to guide the audience through \"a journey to the edge of the mind\" (the film's German tagline Eine Reise ans Ende des Verstandes), showing \"what war is all about\".\nProduced with a budget of 32 million DM (about $18.5 million, equivalent to 29 million 2009 \u20ac), the film's high production cost ranks it among the most expensive films in German cinema, but the film was a commercial success and grossed $84.9 million worldwide (equivalent to 225 million 2019 $). Columbia Pictures released both a German version and an English-dubbed version in the United States theatrically, but the film's German version gross was much higher than the English-dubbed version at the United States box-office. The film received highly positive reviews and was nominated for six Academy Awards, two of these nominations (for Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay) went to Petersen himself; he was also nominated for a BAFTA Award and DGA Award.", "Q3843260": "Magna Carta Records is an independent record label located in Rochester, New York. Magna Carta was formed in 1989 and is owned by Peter Morticelli and his partner Mike Varney. The label, named for the 1215 English document advancing democracy, Magna Carta, has a diverse line-up consisting of musicians from many different genres, but is best known for many of its progressive rock/metal acts. Among the artists featured on the label are OHMphrey, Alex Skolnick Trio, Dave Martone, Kris Norris, and Doug Pinnick (of King's X).", "Q188461": "Dannii Minogue (born 1971) is an Australian singer, songwriter, actress, model and media personality. She rose to prominence in the early 1980s for her roles in the Australian television talent show Young Talent Time and the soap opera Home and Away, before beginning her career as a pop singer in the early 1990s. Minogue achieved early success with hits such as \"Love and Kisses\", \"This Is It\", \"Jump to the Beat\" and \"Baby Love\", though by the release of her second album, her popularity as a singer had declined, leading her to make a name for herself with award-winning performances in musicals Grease, Notre Dame De Paris and other acting credits The Vagina Monologues and Lady Macbeth. The late 1990s saw a brief return to music after Minogue reinvented herself as a dance artist with \"All I Wanna Do\", her first number one UK Club hit.In 2001, Minogue released her biggest worldwide hit, \"Who Do You Love Now?\", while her subsequent album, Neon Nights, became the most successful of her career. In the UK, she has achieved 13 consecutive number one dance singles, becoming the best-performing artist on the UK Dance Chart. Minogue has had a total of nine UK Top 10 singles, twelve Top 30 singles in Australia, thirteen UK club Number 1 singles, 7 million records sold worldwide and six Gold certified singles in Australia.\nSince 2007, Minogue has established herself as a talent show judge and television personality. She judged on Australia's Got Talent from 2007 until her departure in 2012, and from 2007 until 2010, she also judged The X Factor UK, where she was the winning mentor in 2007 and 2010 with Leon Jackson and Matt Cardle, respectively. In 2013, Minogue became a judge for the ninth series of Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model, and on The X Factor Australia from 2013 until 2015, where she was the winning mentor in 2013 with Dami Im. In 2017, she took on the role as judge on the new BBC show, Let It Shine. In 2019, Minogue joined the judging panel on the Australian version of The Masked Singer.\n\n", "Q560458": "Anna Freeman (born 1954) is a trumpet player and Professor of Trumpet and Brass Chamber Music at Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Tanz K\u00f6ln in Germany. She was a soloist with Australian symphony orchestras and performed with the Australian Chamber Orchestra.", "Q69665": "Fl\u00fcelen is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.", "Q153265": "The University of Cincinnati (UC or Cincinnati) is a public research university in Cincinnati, Ohio. Founded in 1819 as Cincinnati College, it is the oldest institution of higher education in Cincinnati and has an annual enrollment of over 44,000 students, making it the second largest university in Ohio. It is part of the University System of Ohio.", "Q191130": "Kanazawa (\u91d1\u6ca2\u5e02, Kanazawa-shi) is the capital city of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2018, the city had an estimated population of 466,029 in 203,271 households, and a population density of 990 persons per km\u00b2. The total area of the city was 468.64 square kilometres (180.94 sq mi).", "Q67648": "Wiggiswil is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q70334": "Origlio is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q102994": "Wolf Muser (born October 23, 1950) is a German actor who played the role of Marcello Armonti on the NBC soap opera Santa Barbara in 1985. \nPrior to joining Santa Barbara, he also appeared as Kurt Voightlander on the CBS drama Capitol in 1983. In 2015 he played an elderly Adolf Hitler in The Man in the High Castle.", "Q29241": "Azita Ghahreman (born 1962 Mashhad, Iran) is an Iranian poet. She has written six books in Persian and three books in Swedish. \nShe has also translated American poetry.\nShe has published four collections of poetry: Eve's Songs (1983), Sculptures of Autumn (1986), Forgetfulness is a Simple Ritual (1992) and The Suburb of Crows (2008), a collection reflecting on her exile in Sweden (she lives in an area called oxie on the outskirts of Malm\u00f6) that was published in both Swedish and Persian.\nA collection of Azita's work was published in Swedish in 2009, alongside the work of Sohrab Rahimi and Kristian Carlsson . She has also translated a collection of poems by the American poet and cartoonist, Shel Silverstein, into Persian, The Place Where the Sidewalk Ends (2000). She has edited three volumes of poems by poets from Khorasan, the eastern province of Iran, which has a rich and distinctive history.\nAzita's poems have been translated into various languages including English by Poetry Translation Centre. A new book of poetry, Under Hypnosis in Dr Caligari's Cabinet was published in Sweden in April 2012.\n\n", "Q60127": "Girolamo Riario (1443 \u2013 14 April 1488) was Lord of Imola (from 1473) and Forl\u00ec (from 1480). He served as Captain General of the Church under his uncle Pope Sixtus IV. He took part in the 1478 Pazzi Conspiracy against the Medici, and was assassinated 10 years later by members of the Forlivese Orsi family.", "Q76751": "Adolf \"Adi\" Dassler (3 November 1900 \u2013 6 December 1978) was a German cobbler, inventor and entrepreneur who founded the German sportswear company Adidas. He was also the younger brother of Rudolf Dassler, founder of Puma. Dassler was an innovator in athletic shoe design and one of the early promoters who obtained endorsements from athletes to drive sale of his products. As a result of his concepts, Adi Dassler built the largest manufacturer of sportswear and equipment. At the time of his death Adidas had 17 factories and annual sales of one billion marks.\n\n", "Q105037": "Callao (; [ka\u02c8\u028ea.o, -\u02c8\u029da-]) is a seaside city on the Pacific Ocean in the Lima metropolitan area. Callao is Peru's chief seaport and home to its main airport, Jorge Ch\u00e1vez International Airport. Callao municipality consists of the whole Callao Region, which is also coterminous with the Province of Callao. Founded in 1537 by the Spanish, the city has a long naval history as one of the main ports in Latin America and the Pacific, as it was one of vital Spanish towns during the colonial era. Central Callao is about 15 km (9.3 mi) west of the Historic Centre of Lima.", "Q18695985": "Live at Budokan: Red Night & Black Night Apocalypse (stylized as LIVE AT BUDOKAN \uff5eRED NIGHT & BLACK NIGHT APOCALYPSE\uff5e) is the third live video release by the Japanese heavy metal band Babymetal. It contains two concerts performed at Nippon Budokan shortly after the release of the band's eponymous debut album, and was released on January 7, 2015 in a standard edition and a limited-edition box set exclusively for \"The One\" fanclub members.\nLive at Budokan: Red Night & Black Night Apocalypse peaked at number one on the Oricon Blu-ray chart, making the band the youngest female act to top the chart.", "Q567323": "Llazar (Zai) Fundo (born March 20, 1899 in G\u00f6rice, Manastir Vilayet, Ottoman Empire died September 20, 1944 in Kuk\u00ebs, Albania) was an Albanian Communist, later social-democratic journalist and writer. He was a former member of the Comintern and the Balkan Communist Federation. He was associated with the Fan S. Noli government in 1924 and became the leader of the Bashkimi organization after the death of Avni Rustemi in 1924. In 1928 he helped establish the Kor\u00e7\u00eb Communist Group. In the fierce rivalry for power control within the Communist Party, he was branded a Trotskyist and purged from the party.", "Q1316590": "Leonardo \"Flaco\" Jim\u00e9nez (born March 11, 1939) is a Norte\u00f1o, Tex Mex and Tejano music accordionist and singer from San Antonio, Texas.", "Q66542": "Gempen (Swiss German: G\u00e4mpe) is a municipality in the district of Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q279434": "Nelson Ricardo \u00c1lamo Flores (born 10 December 1970 in Caracas) is Venezuelan actor. Along with Daniela Alvarado, he had a major role in the Coral telenovela Juana la virgen.\nHe married Marjorie De Sousa in May 2004, but the couple later broke up.\n\n", "Q2685": "Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (; German: [\u02c8a\u0281n\u0254lt \u02c8\u0283va\u0281tsn\u0329\u02cc\u0294\u025b\u0261\u0250]; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, filmmaker, businessman, author, and former politician and professional bodybuilder. He served as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011. As of 2020, he is the most recent Republican governor of California.\nSchwarzenegger began lifting weights at the age of 15, and went on to win the Mr. Universe title at age 20 before winning the Mr. Olympia contest seven times; he remains a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport. The Arnold Sports Festival, considered the second most important bodybuilding event after Mr. Olympia, is named after him. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest bodybuilders of all time, as well as the sport's most charismatic and famous ambassador.Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action film icon. His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian (1982), a box-office hit that resulted in a sequel in 1984. He appeared as the title character in James Cameron's critically and commercially successful sci-fi action film The Terminator (1984), and subsequently played a similar character in the films Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), Terminator Genisys (2015), and Terminator: Dark Fate (2019). He also starred in other successful action films such as Commando (1985), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), Total Recall (1990), and True Lies (1994), in addition to comedy films such as Twins (1988), Kindergarten Cop (1990), Junior (1994), and Jingle All The Way (1996).\nA Republican, Schwarzenegger was first elected on October 7, 2003, in a special recall election to replace then-Governor Gray Davis. He was sworn in on November 17, to serve the remainder of Davis' term. He was then re-elected in the 2006 California gubernatorial election, to serve a full term as governor. In 2011, he completed his second term as governor and returned to acting. \nSchwarzenegger was nicknamed the \"Austrian Oak\" in his bodybuilding days, \"Arnie\" or \"Schwarzy\" during his acting career, and \"The Governator\" (a portmanteau of \"Governor\" and \"Terminator\") during his political career. He is also commonly known in Japanese as \"Shuwa-chan\" (\u30b7\u30e5\u30ef\u3061\u3083\u3093). He married Maria Shriver, the niece of 35th U.S. President John F. Kennedy, in 1986. They separated in 2011 after he admitted to having fathered a child with their housemaid in 1997, and their divorce was finalized in 2017.", "Q69671": "Gordola (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261ordola]) is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q221887": "Reconstruction is a psychological romantic drama film and the debut of Christoffer Boe, who also wrote the screenplay together with Mogens Rukov. It was filmed in Copenhagen and won the Camera D\u2019Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 2003 Golden Plaque for Manuel Alberto Claro's luminous wide-screen cinematography.", "Q76989": "Anton Drexler (13 June 1884 \u2013 24 February 1942) was a German far-right political leader of the 1920s who founded the pan-German and anti-Semitic German Workers' Party (DAP), the antecedent of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Drexler mentored his successor in the NSDAP, Adolf Hitler, during his early years in politics.", "Q2336310": "Andrey Vasilievich Filatov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432; born 18 December 1971) is a Russian entrepreneur. Filatov is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Tuloma investment company, and a co-owner of the Globaltrans company. Andrey Filatov is also President of the Chess Federation of Russia (from 1992 to 2018 - Russian Chess Federation). He is Honorary Academician of the Russian Academy of Arts.", "Q433000": "When Father Was Away on Business (Serbo-Croatian: Otac na slu\u017ebenom putu, \u041e\u0442\u0430\u0446 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0443) is a 1985 Yugoslav film by director Emir Kusturica. The screenplay was written by the Bosnian dramatist Abdulah Sidran. Its subtitle is A Historical Love Film and it was produced by Centar Film and Forum, production companies based in Sarajevo.\nSet in post-World War II Yugoslavia during the Informbiro period, the film tells the story from the perspective of a boy, Malik, whose father Me\u0161a (Miki Manojlovi\u0107) was sent to a labour camp. When Father Was Away on Business won the Palme d'Or at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.", "Q102980": "Conrad Roland (born Konrad Roland Lehmann in 1934) is a German architect and pioneer of the construction of spacenets (tensile structures), which primarily are to be found as rope climbing frames on playgrounds. In 1978 he designed and constructed the biggest spacenet of the world until today, the Super Four Mast Spacenet, for the Federal Horticultural Show (BUGA).", "Q60133": "Wilhelm Wolff Beer (4 January 1797 \u2013 27 March 1850) was a banker and astronomer from Berlin, Prussia, and the brother of Giacomo Meyerbeer.", "Q107620": "Kurd Kisshauer (* December 29, 1886 in Berlin; \u2020 November 14, 1958 in Frankfurt/Main) was a member of the German society for astronomy. During the Third Reich he was employed at Amt Rosenberg.", "Q156309": "The Fugitive is a 1993 American action thriller film based on the 1960s television series of the same name created by Roy Huggins. The film was directed by Andrew Davis and stars Harrison Ford and Tommy Lee Jones, with supporting roles by Sela Ward, Joe Pantoliano, Andreas Katsulas, and Jeroen Krabb\u00e9. The screenplay was written by David Twohy and Jeb Stuart, from a story by Twohy.\nThe Fugitive premiered in the United States on August 6, 1993, and was a major critical and commercial success. It was the third-highest-grossing film of 1993 domestically, with an estimated 44 million tickets sold in the U.S.A. It was nominated for seven Academy Awards including Best Picture; Jones won the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor. It was followed by a 1998 spin-off, U.S. Marshals, in which Jones reprised his role as Deputy Marshal Gerard along with some others of his earlier Marshals team.", "Q683009": "Carsten Nicolai (September 18, 1965), known as Alva Noto, is a German musician. He is a member of the music groups Diamond Version with Olaf Bender (Byetone), Signal with Frank Bretschneider and Olaf Bender, Cyclo with Ryoji Ikeda, ANBB with Blixa Bargeld, ALPHABET with Anne-James Chaton, Opto with Thomas Knak, and Alva Noto + Ryuichi Sakamoto with whom he composed the score for the 2015 film The Revenant.\n\n", "Q1708559": "Joshua Epstein (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05e9\u05e2 \u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05d8\u05d9\u05df; born November 14, 1940) is an Israeli musician, classical violinist and professor of music. The recipient of many international prizes from violin competitions and recording labels, Epstein's work as a soloist and chamber musician is extensive. Equally extensive is his influence as a professor of violin, which extends over more than half a century. Epstein continues his work at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Saar in Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany, where he has lived and taught since 1978.", "Q44085": "Private School (also titled Private School ... for Girls) is a 1983 American teen sex comedy film, directed by Noel Black. Starring Phoebe Cates, Betsy Russell, and Matthew Modine, it follows a teenaged couple attempting to have sex for the first time.", "Q2871689": "Augusto Fantozzi (24 June 1940 \u2013 13 July 2019) was an Italian lawyer, tax expert, academic, businessman and politician who served as economy and finance minister and then, foreign trade minister.", "Q366266": "Clive Eric Cussler (July 15, 1931 \u2013 February 24, 2020) was an American adventure novelist and underwater explorer. His thriller novels, many featuring the character Dirk Pitt, have reached The New York Times fiction best-seller list more than 20 times. Cussler was the founder and chairman of the National Underwater and Marine Agency (NUMA), which has discovered more than 60 shipwreck sites and numerous other notable underwater wrecks. He was the sole author or lead author of more than 80 books.\nHis novels have inspired various other works of fiction in the form of films, TV, other novels and even video games.", "Q1191335": "Colgate University is a private liberal arts college in Hamilton, New York. Founded in 1819, Colgate enrolls nearly 3,000 students in 56 undergraduate majors that culminate in a Bachelor of Arts degree; it also enrolls a dozen students in a Master of Arts in Teaching program.", "Q262772": "Eliot Paulina Sumner (born 30 July 1990) is an English musician, actress, and electronic music producer. Sumner's debut album, The Constant (2010), was released under the band name I Blame Coco, while solo work has been released under the name Eliot Sumner. Sumner is the youngest daughter of musician Sting (born Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner) and actress Trudie Styler.", "Q62724": "Joachim Witt (born 22 February 1949 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German musician and actor.", "Q1345876": "William Henry Ashley (c. 1778 \u2013 March 26, 1838) was an American miner, land speculator, manufacturer, territorial militia officer, politician, frontiersman, trapper, fur trader, entrepreneur, and hunter. Ashley was best known for being the co-owner with Andrew Henry of the highly successful Rocky Mountain Fur Incorporated, otherwise known as \"Ashley's Hundred\" for the famous mountain men working for the firm from 1822\u20131834.\n\n", "Q272561": "Justine Waddell (born 4 November 1976) is a South African born British film and television actress. She played roles in the 2006 film The Fall and 2005 film Chaos as well as Tess in the 1998 LWT adaptation of Tess of the d'Urbervilles and Estella in the 1999 BBC adaptation of Great Expectations.", "Q1268728": "Francesco Lana de Terzi (Brescia, Lombardy 1631 \u2013 22 February 1687 Brescia, Lombardy) was an Italian Jesuit priest, mathematician, naturalist and aeronautics pioneer. Having been professor of physics and mathematics at Brescia, he first sketched the concept for a vacuum airship and has been referred to as the Father of Aeronautics for his pioneering efforts, turning the aeronautics field into a science by establishing \"a theory of aerial navigation verified by mathematical accuracy\". He also developed the idea that developed into Braille.", "Q99596": "Wilhelm Ihno Adolf von Freeden (12 May 1822 Norden, Lower Saxony \u2013 11 January 1894 Bonn) was a German mathematician and expert on navigation. He was the founder of the North German Naval Observatory. Freeden Bank bears his name.", "Q492816": "Dong-Suk Kang (born April 28, 1954) is a South Korean violinist.", "Q1239567": "Donald Ray Walser (September 14, 1934 \u2013 September 20, 2006) was an American country music singer. He was known as a unique, award-winning yodeling \"Texas country music legend.\"", "Q126188": "James II and VII (14 October 1633O.S. \u2013 16 September 1701) was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685 until he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland; his reign is now remembered primarily for struggles over religious tolerance. However, it also involved the principles of absolutism and divine right of kings, and his deposition ended a century of political and civil strife by confirming the primacy of Parliament over the Crown.James inherited the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland from his elder brother Charles II with widespread support in all three countries, largely based on the principle of divine right or birth. Tolerance for his personal Catholicism did not apply to it in general and when the English and Scottish Parliaments refused to pass his measures, James attempted to impose them by decree; it was a political principle, rather than a religious one, that ultimately led to his removal.In June 1688, two events turned dissent into a crisis; the first on 10 June was the birth of James's son and heir James Francis Edward, threatening to create a Roman Catholic dynasty and excluding his Anglican daughter Mary and her Protestant husband William of Orange. The second was the prosecution of the Seven Bishops for seditious libel; this was viewed as an assault on the Church of England and their acquittal on 30 June destroyed his political authority in England. Anti-Catholic riots in England and Scotland now made it seem only his removal as monarch could prevent a civil war.Leading members of the English political class invited William of Orange to assume the English throne; after he landed in Brixham on 5 November 1688, James's army deserted, and he went into exile in France on 23 December. In February 1689, a special Convention Parliament held that the king had \"vacated\" the English throne and installed William and Mary as joint monarchs, establishing the principle that sovereignty derived from Parliament, not birth. James landed in Ireland on 14 March 1689 in an attempt to recover his kingdoms, but despite a simultaneous rising in Scotland, in April a Scottish Convention followed that of England by finding that James had \"forfeited\" the throne and offered it to William and Mary. After his defeat at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690, James returned to France, where he spent the rest of his life in exile at Saint-Germain, protected by Louis XIV.", "Q853369": "Arthur B\u00e1rdos (1892\u20131974) was a leading Hungarian writer and theatre director. He left Hungary in 1949, moving to Britain where he staged Shakespeare's Hamlet.\n\n", "Q101537": "Bernhard \"Bernd\" Richter (born 3 April 1943 in Prague) is a German politician and retired Oberstudienrat.\nFrom 1993 until 1995 Richter was the leader of the \u00f6dp, or Ecological Democratic Party.\nBorn in Prague, he currently lives in the Black Forest town Schramberg.\n\n", "Q616562": "Tulare ( tuu-LAIR-ee) is a city in Tulare County, California. The population was 59,278 at the 2010 census.\nTulare is located in the heart of the San Joaquin Valley, eight miles south of Visalia and sixty miles north of Bakersfield. The city is named for the currently dry Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes. The Stockton seaport is 170 miles (270 km) away, and the Sacramento port is 207 miles (333 km) away. The Los Angeles and San Francisco ports are each approximately 200 miles (320 km) away, making Tulare a hub or central location for product movement.", "Q55836": "Gabriel Narutowicz (Polish: [\u02c8\u0261abrj\u025bl naru\u02c8t\u0254vit\u0361\u0282]; 17 March 1865 \u2013 16 December 1922) was a Polish professor of hydroelectric engineering and politician who served as the 1st President of Poland from 11 December 1922 until his assassination on 16 December, five days after assuming office. He previously served as the Minister of Public Works from 1920 to 1921 and briefly as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1922. A renowned engineer and politically independent, Narutowicz was the first elected head of state following Poland's regained sovereignty from partitioning powers.\nBorn into a noble family with strong patriotic sentiment, Narutowicz studied at the University of St. Petersburg before relocating to Zurich Polytechnic and completing his studies in Switzerland. An engineer by profession, he was a pioneer of electrification and his works were presented at exhibitions across Western Europe. Narutowicz also directed the construction of the first European hydroelectric power plants in Monthey, M\u00fchleberg and Andelsbuch. In 1907 he was nominated a professor of hydroelectric and water engineering in Zurich, and was subsequently assigned in maintaining the Rhine. In September 1919 Narutowicz was invited by the Polish authorities in rebuilding the nation's infrastructure after devastation caused by World War I. On 23 June 1920 Narutowicz became the Minister of Public Works in W\u0142adys\u0142aw Grabski\u2019s government. Following his successful conduct of the Polish delegation at the Genoa Conference, on 28 June 1922 he became the Minister of Foreign Affairs in Artur \u015aliwi\u0144ski\u2019s cabinet.\nDuring the elections in 1922, Narutowicz was supported by the center-left, most notably the Polish People's Party \"Wyzwolenie\", and by national minorities, but gained harsh criticism from the right wing National Democrats. Far-right zealots, ultra-Catholic unions and nationalists targeted him for sympathy towards Polish Jews. Upon defeating the other candidate, Maurycy Zamoyski, Gabriel Narutowicz was elected the first president of the Second Polish Republic. After only five days in office he was assassinated by oppositionist Eligiusz Niewiadomski while viewing paintings at the Zach\u0119ta Art Gallery. His funeral, attended by almost 500,000 people, was simultaneously a manifestation of peace which diminished the power of the far-right movement in the upcoming years. Narutowicz was buried with honors on 22 December 1922 in the vault of St. John's Cathedral in Warsaw.\nNarutowicz was a non-practicing Catholic and an active Freemason; he participated in rituals throughout the whole country.", "Q118066": "Thomas Wydler (born 9 October 1959), is a Swiss musician best known for being a core member of Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, of which he has been a drummer since 1985. Prior to joining them, he was a member of the experimental German band Die Haut. Wydler has been present on almost every Bad Seeds album, making his debut appearance on the group's third album Kicking Against The Pricks (1986). After the departure of founding member Mick Harvey in January 2009, Wydler became the longest-serving member of the Bad Seeds apart from singer Nick Cave.\nWydler was the band's sole drummer until Jim Sclavunos joined in 1994. Wydler generally plays a standard drum kit while Sclavunos handles a variety of auxiliary percussion (e.g., vibraphone, maracas, cowbell, tubular bells), but occasionally this is reversed and sometimes both men play conventional drums alongside each other (see double drumming). Due to unspecified health problems Wydler did not tour with the band from about 2013, but he remains a member of the group and has contributed to all studio albums since joining. Founding Bad Seed Barry Adamson temporarily rejoined the group during this era as a drummer, given that many of the band's newer songs were arranged for two percussionists. Wydler rejoined the Bad Seeds on tour in 2017.Wydler has performed vocals on the album Murder Ballads singing a verse from \"Death is not the End\", and also pursues his solo career which can be heard on his Myspace page.\n\n", "Q64433": "Rottenschwil is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q466029": "Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium - Musikakademie was founded in Frankfurt am Main on 22 September 1878. Through the generosity of Frankfurter Joseph Hoch, who bequeathed the Conservatory one million German gold marks in his testament, a school for music and the arts was established for all age groups. Instrumental to the foundation, prosperity and success of the conservatory was its director Joachim Raff who did most of the work including setting the entire curriculum and hiring all its faculty. It has played an important role in the history of music in Frankfurt. Many distinguished have taught there: in the late 19th century, with such teachers as Clara Schumann on the faculty, the conservatory achieved international renown. In the 1890s about 25% of the students were from other countries: 46 were from England and 23 from the United States.\nIn the 1920s, under director Bernhard Sekles, the conservatory was far ahead of its time: Sekles initiated the world's first Jazz Studies (directed by M\u00e1ty\u00e1s Seiber) and in 1931 the Elementary Music Department.\nToday Dr. Hoch's conservatory offers instruction in the Music Education for Youth and Adults (ANE) program, the Elementary Music Department (Basisabteilung), and the Pre-College-Frankfurt (PCF) program, which provides preparation for future studies at a Hochschule or conservatory. There are also Ballet, Early Music and New Music departments. The following qualifications are available: Bachelor of Music in Performance and Pedagogy in all instruments, voice, music theory, composition, performance and Elementary Music Pedagogy.", "Q107146": "Alameda County ( AL-\u0259-MEE-d\u0259) is a county in the state of California in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,510,271, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state. and 20th most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland. Alameda County is included in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.\nThe Spanish word alameda means either, \"...a grove of poplars,...or a tree lined street\" a name originally used to describe the Arroyo de la Alameda. The willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early Spanish explorers of a road lined with trees. Although a strict translation to English might be \"Poplar Grove Creek\", the name of the principal stream that flows through the county is now simply \"Alameda Creek.\"\nAlameda County is included in the San Francisco\u2013Oakland\u2013Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area.", "Q74620": "Amelie Fried (Ulm, September 6, 1958) is a German writer and television presenter. Her father, Kurt Fried, is the creator-publisher of Schw\u00e4bische Donauzeitung, nowadays a part of S\u00fcdwest Presse. She studied journalism and film at university. She has worked extensively in television and has published numerous books.\nHer 2008 book Schuhhaus Pallas. Wie meine Familie sich gegen die Nazis wehrte (Pallas Shoe Store. How My Family Fought Against the Nazis) deals with her family's persecution in Nazi Germany. The book received significant media attention and has been the subject of much debate.", "Q270410": "Saw II is a 2005 horror film directed by Darren Lynn Bousman and written by Leigh Whannell and Bousman. It is the second installment in the Saw film series. The film stars Donnie Wahlberg, Franky G, Glenn Plummer, Beverley Mitchell, Dina Meyer, Emmanuelle Vaugier, Erik Knudsen, Shawnee Smith, and Tobin Bell.\nThe film features Jigsaw being apprehended by the police, but trapping the arresting officer in one of his own games while showing another game of eight people \u2014 including the officer's son \u2014 in progress on TV monitors at another location. It also explores some of John Kramer's backstory, providing a partial explanation of his reason for becoming Jigsaw.\nAfter the financial success of 2004's Saw, a sequel was immediately green-lit. Leigh Whannell and James Wan were busy preparing for their next film and were unable to write or direct. Bousman wrote a script called The Desperate before Saw was released and was looking for a producer but many studios rejected it. Gregg Hoffman received the script and showed it to his partners Mark Burg and Oren Koules. It was decided that, with some changes, it could be made into Saw II. Whannell became available to provide rewrites of the script. The film was given a larger budget and was shot from May to June 2005 in Toronto.\nSaw II was released in the United States on October 28, 2005, by Lions Gate Films. Despite mixed reviews from critics, the film was a financial success. It opened with $31.9 million and grossed $88 million in the United States and Canada. It has remained the highest grossing Saw film in those countries. Bell was nominated for \"Best Villain\" at the 2006 MTV Movie Awards for his role as Jigsaw in the film. Saw II was released to DVD on February 14, 2006, and topped charts its first week, selling more than 3 million units. At the time, it was the fastest-selling theatrical DVD in Lions Gate's history. A sequel, titled Saw III, was released in 2006.\n\n", "Q181451": "Mohammad Ali Foroughi (early July 1877 \u2013 26 or 27 November 1942, Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a\u06cc\u200e) also known as Zoka-ol-Molk (Persian: \u0630\u064f\u06a9\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0644\u06a9) was a writer, diplomat and politician who was Prime Minister of Iran for three times.\nThe first book was written by him was Western philosophy (the course of wisdom in Europe). Foroughi also edited Saadi's book Koliyat and founded the Academy of Iran. He also attended the Ferdowsi Millennium Congress. In addition, Foroughi has authored numerous works on history (especially ancient Iranian history).", "Q475733": "Harold Eugene \"Doc\" Edgerton, also known as Papa Flash (April 6, 1903 \u2013 January 4, 1990) was a professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is largely credited with transforming the stroboscope from an obscure laboratory instrument into a common device. He also was deeply involved with the development of sonar and deep-sea photography, and his equipment was used by Jacques Cousteau in searches for shipwrecks and even the Loch Ness Monster.", "Q40585": "Thirty Seconds to Mars (commonly stylized as 30 Seconds to Mars) is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1998. The band consists of brothers Jared Leto (lead vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards) and Shannon Leto (drums, percussion). During the course of its existence, it has undergone various line-up changes.\nThe band's debut album, 30 Seconds to Mars (2002), was produced by Bob Ezrin and released to positive reviews but only to limited commercial success. The band achieved worldwide fame with the release of its second album A Beautiful Lie (2005), which received multiple certifications all over the world. Its next release, This Is War (2009), showed a dramatic evolution in the band's musical style, as it incorporated experimental music as well as eclectic influences. The recording process of the album was marked by a legal dispute with record label EMI that eventually became the subject of the documentary film Artifact (2012). Thirty Seconds to Mars then moved to Universal Music and released the fourth album, Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams (2013), to critical and commercial success. It was followed by America (2018), which polarized critics upon release.\nAs of September 2014, the band had sold over 15 million albums worldwide. Thirty Seconds to Mars has consistently enjoyed sold out tours and numerous headlining festival slots. The band is noted for its energetic live performances and for fusing elements from a wide variety of genres, through its use of philosophical and spiritual lyrics, concept albums, and experimental music. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received several awards and accolades throughout its career, including a Guinness World Record, and has been included in the Kerrang! list of best artists of the 2000s.", "Q26600": "Fukuoka (\u798f\u5ca1\u5e02, Fukuoka-shi, pronounced [\u0278\u026f\u0325k\u026f\ua71coka \u0255i]) is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture, situated on the northern shore of the Japanese island of Kyushu. It is the most populous city on the island, followed by Kitakyushu. It is the largest city and metropolitan area west of Keihanshin. The city was designated on April 1, 1972, by government ordinance. Greater Fukuoka, with a population of 2.5 million people (2005 census), is part of the heavily industrialized Fukuoka\u2013Kitakyushu zone.\nAs of 2015, Fukuoka is Japan's sixth largest city, having passed the population of Kobe. In July 2011, Fukuoka surpassed the population of Kyoto. Since the founding of Kyoto in 794, this marks the first time that a city west of the Kinki region has a larger population than Kyoto. In ancient times, however, the area near Fukuoka, the Chikushi region, was thought by some historians to have possibly been even more influential than the Yamato region.", "Q218960": "Laurence Sterne (24 November 1713 \u2013 18 March 1768) was an Anglo-Irish novelist and an Anglican clergyman. He wrote the novels The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman and A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy, and also published many sermons, wrote memoirs, and was involved in local politics. Sterne died in London after years of fighting tuberculosis.\nSterne grew up in a military family and spent his youth traveling from place to place, never remaining in any location for over a year. Sterne's wealthy uncle provided the funds for Sterne to attend Hipperholme Grammar School as Sterne's father was ordered to Jamaica where he would die of malaria a few years later. Sterne attended Jesus College on a sizarship where he earned a bachelor's degree and a master's degree. While he serving a vicarship at Sutton-on-the-Forest in Yorkshire, he married Elizabeth Lumley in 1741. \nSterne's A Political Romance, an ecclesiastical satire, received harsh criticism by the church and was burnt. Having discovered a talent for writing, Sterne published the first few volumes of his best-known novel, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentlemen. Sterne struggled with tuberculosis and traveled to France to find relief from his illness. His travels in France were documented in A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy, which was published a few weeks before his death. Published posthumously was Journal to Eliza, a collection of his letters to Eliza Draper, a woman for whom Sterne had romantic feelings. Sterne died in 1768 and was buried in the churchyard of St George's, Hanover Square. It has been alleged that Sterne's body was stolen after burial and sold to anatomists at Cambridge University. After being recognized, he was reinterred. His alleged skull was found after the churchyard was redeveloped and was transferred to Coxwold churchyard in 1969 by the Laurence Sterne Trust.", "Q41843": "Beersheba (; Hebrew: \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05d0\u05b5\u05e8 \u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05d1\u05b7\u05e2 Be'er Sheva [be.e\u0281\u02c8\u0283eva], Arabic: \u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u200e, lit. Well of the Oath) is the largest city in the Negev desert of southern Israel. Often referred to as the \"Capital of the Negev\", it is the center of the fourth most populous metropolitan area in Israel, the eighth most populous Israeli city with a population of 209,002, and the second largest city (after Jerusalem) with a total area of 117,500 dunams.\nThe Biblical period references to Beersheba refer to a site, Tel Be'er Sheva, lying some 2 and a half miles distant from the modern city, which was established at the start of the 20th century when a permanent settlement was established by the Ottoman Turks. The city was captured by the British led Australian Light Horse during World War I. In 1947, Bir Seb'a (Arabic: \u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u200e), as it was known, was envisioned as part of the Arab state in the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine. Following the declaration of Israel's independence, the Egyptian army amassed its forces in Beersheba as a strategic and logistical base. In the Battle of Beersheba waged in October 1948, it was conquered by the Israel Defense Forces.Beersheba has grown considerably since Israel's independence. A large portion of the population is made up of the descendants of Sephardi Jews and Mizrahi Jews who immigrated from Arab countries after 1948, as well as smaller communities of Bene Israel and Cochin Jews from India. Second and third waves of immigration have taken place since 1990, bringing Russian-speaking Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union, as well as Beta Israel immigrants from Ethiopia. The Soviet immigrants have made the game of chess a major sport in Beersheba and the city is now a developing technology center. The city is now Israel's national chess center, with more chess grandmasters per capita than any other city in the world, making it the chess capital of the world in some regards. Beersheba is home to Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. This city also serves as a center for Israel's high-tech industry.", "Q3297185": "Masataka Taketsuru (\u7af9\u9db4 \u653f\u5b5d, Taketsuru Masataka, 1894\u20131979) was a Japanese chemist and businessman who founded Japan's first whisky industry. He was born in 1894 in Takehara, Hiroshima, to a family that had owned a sake brewery since 1733.", "Q68209": "Johann Georg Jacobi (September 2, 1740 \u2013 January 4, 1814) was a German poet.", "Q51488": "John Nicholas Cassavetes (; December 9, 1929 \u2013 February 3, 1989) was an American actor, film director, and screenwriter. Cassavetes was a pioneer of American independent film, writing and directing over a dozen movies, which he partially self-financed. He also acted in many Hollywood films, notably Rosemary's Baby (1968) and The Dirty Dozen (1967). He studied acting with Don Richardson, utilizing an alternative technique to method acting which privileged character over traditional narrative. His income from acting made it possible for him to direct his own films independently.Cassavetes was nominated for three separate Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actor for The Dirty Dozen (1967), Best Original Screenplay for Faces (1968) \nand Best Director for A Woman Under the Influence (1974) alongside Gena's Best Actress nomination. He collaborated frequently with various actors, including his wife Gena Rowlands, Peter Falk, Ben Gazzara, and Seymour Cassel.\nHis children Nick Cassavetes, Zoe Cassavetes, and Xan Cassavetes are also filmmakers.", "Q188313": "Blackburn (listen) is a minster and industrial town located in Lancashire, England, north of the West Pennine Moors on the southern edge of the Ribble Valley, 8 miles (13 km) east of Preston and 20.9 miles (34 km) NNW of Manchester. Blackburn is bounded to the south by Darwen, with which it forms the unitary authority of Blackburn with Darwen; Blackburn is its administrative centre.\nAt the 2001 census, Blackburn had a population of 105,085, whilst the wider borough of Blackburn with Darwen had a population of 148,850. Blackburn had a population of 117,963 in 2011.A former mill town, textiles have been produced in Blackburn since the middle of the 13th century, when wool was woven in people's houses in the domestic system. Flemish weavers who settled in the area in the 14th century helped to develop the woollen cottage industry. The most rapid period of growth and development in Blackburn's history coincided with the industrialisation and expansion of textile manufacturing. Blackburn was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution and amongst the first industrialised towns in the world.Blackburn's textile sector fell into decline from the mid-20th century and subsequently faced similar challenges to other post-industrial northern towns, including deindustrialisation, economic deprivation and housing issues. The town has experienced very high levels of immigration, with people of ethnic backgrounds other than white British making up 30.8% of the population. Blackburn has had significant investment and redevelopment since 1958 through government funding and the European Regional Development Fund.", "Q227548": "36 Quai des Orf\u00e8vres (also known as The 36) is a 2004 French film directed by Olivier Marchal and starring Daniel Auteuil and G\u00e9rard Depardieu. The film takes place in Paris, where two cops (Auteuil and Depardieu) are competing for the vacant seat of chief of the Paris Criminal police while involved in a search for a gang of violent thieves. The film is directed by Olivier Marchal, a former police officer who spent 12 years in the French police. The story is loosely inspired from real events which occurred during the 1980s in France (see the gang des postiches arrest). The film was nominated for eight C\u00e9sar Awards.", "Q549960": "Samuel Gene Maghett (February 14, 1937 \u2013 December 1, 1969), known as Magic Sam, was an American Chicago blues musician. He was born in Grenada County, Mississippi, and learned to play the blues from listening to records by Muddy Waters and Little Walter. After moving to Chicago at the age of 19, he was signed by Cobra Records and became well known as a bluesman after the release of his first record, \"All Your Love\", in 1957. He was known for his distinctive tremolo guitar playing.The stage name Magic Sam was devised by Sam's bass player and childhood friend Mack Thompson at Sam's first recording session for Cobra, as an approximation of \"Maghett Sam\". The name Sam was using at the time, Good Rocking Sam, was already being used by another artist.", "Q207698": "Kingdom of Heaven is a 2005 epic historical drama film directed and produced by Ridley Scott and written by William Monahan. It stars Orlando Bloom, Eva Green, Ghassan Massoud, Jeremy Irons, David Thewlis, Brendan Gleeson, Iain Glen, Marton Csokas, Liam Neeson, Edward Norton, Michael Sheen, Velibor Topi\u0107 and Alexander Siddig.\nThe story is set during the Crusades of the 12th century. A French village blacksmith goes to the aid of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in its defence against the Ayyubid Muslim Sultan, Saladin, who is fighting to claim the city from the Christians; this leads to the Battle of Hattin. The screenplay is a heavily fictionalised portrayal of the life of Balian of Ibelin (ca. 1143\u201393).\nFilming took place in Ouarzazate, Morocco, where Scott had previously filmed Gladiator and Black Hawk Down, and in Spain, at the Loarre Castle (Huesca), Segovia, \u00c1vila, Palma del R\u00edo, and Seville's Casa de Pilatos and Alc\u00e1zar. The film received mixed reviews upon theatrical release. On 23 December 2005, Scott released a director's cut, which received critical acclaim, with many reviewers calling it the definitive version of the film.", "Q197233": "Murder, She Said is a 1961 comedy/murder mystery film directed by George Pollock, based on the novel 4.50 from Paddington by Agatha Christie. The production stars Margaret Rutherford as Miss Marple along with Arthur Kennedy, Muriel Pavlow, James Robertson Justice, and Stringer Davis (Rutherford's real-life husband).\nMGM made three sequels, Murder at the Gallop, Murder Most Foul and Murder Ahoy!, all with Rutherford starring as Miss Marple.", "Q92428": "Baroness Daisy von Freyberg zu Eisenberg, known professionally as Daisy D'ora, (26 February 1913 \u2013 12 June 2010) was a German beauty queen, socialite and actress.\nBorn in Potsdam, Germany to an impoverished aristocratic family, she began her career in silent films, performing in the 1929 film Pandora's Box, starring Louise Brooks, which became a worldwide success. She earned acclaim for her star turn in The Missing Testament (1929), and appeared in a number of German features before leaving the screen around 1930. Her stage name was coined as a result of the taboo among German aristocratic families against using family names in mainstream industries. In May 1931, she was encouraged to enter the Miss Germany pageant, which would in turn take her to the Miss Universe contest.", "Q85154": "John Banner (born Johann Banner, 28 January 1910 \u2013 28 January 1973) was an Austrian-born American film and television actor. He is best known for his role as Sergeant Schultz in the situation comedy Hogan's Heroes (1965\u20131971). Schultz, constantly encountering evidence that the inmates of his stalag were planning mayhem, frequently feigned ignorance with the catchphrase, \"I see nothing! I hear nothing! I know nothing!\" (or, more commonly as the series went on, \"I know nothing, nothing!\").", "Q132116": "Folklore studies, also known as folkloristics, and occasionally tradition studies or folk life studies in the United Kingdom, is the formal academic discipline devoted to the study of folklore. This term, along with its synonyms, gained currency in the 1950s to distinguish the academic study of traditional culture from the folklore artifacts themselves. It became established as a field across both Europe and North America, coordinating with Volkskunde (German), folkeminner (Norwegian), and folkminnen (Swedish), among others.", "Q39913": "Seoul National University (SNU; Korean: \uc11c\uc6b8\ub300\ud559\uad50; Hanja: \uc11c\uc6b8\u5927\u5b78\u6821; RR: Seoul Daehakgyo, colloquially Seouldae) is a national research university located in Seoul, South Korea.\nFounded in 1946, Seoul National University is considered to be the most prestigious university in the country. The university has three campuses: the main campus in Gwanak-gu and two additional campuses in Daehangno and Pyeongchang. The university comprises sixteen colleges, one graduate school and nine professional schools. The student body consists of nearly 17,000 undergraduate and 11,000 graduate students. According to data compiled by KEDI, the university spends more on its students per capita than any other universities in the country that enroll at least 10,000 students.Seoul National University holds a memorandum of understanding with over 700 academic institutions in 40 countries, the World Bank and a general academic exchange program with the University of Pennsylvania. Moreover, the university is part of Washington University in St. Louis's McDonnell International Scholars Academy. The Graduate School of Business offers dual master's degrees with Duke University, ESSEC Business School, Hitotsubashi University and Yale School of Management and MBA-, MS- and PhD-candidate exchange programs with universities in ten countries on four continents. Following a government mandate to globalize Korean universities, the university's international faculty head count peaked at 242 or 4% of the total in 2010, but subsequently declined.Seoul National University, or its undergraduate liberal arts college in particular, finds its roots in the remaining properties from the abolished Keij\u014d Imperial University, one of the Imperial Universities founded by the Japanese Empire. In the 1940s, with US Military Ordinance No.102 of United States Army Military Government in Korea, Keijo Imperial University was abolished. Later the Government of Republic of Korea merged the remaining properties with nine colleges and professional schools, and the consolidated institution was renamed as Seoul National University in accordance with the Act of the National University Seoul enacted in the National Assembly.", "Q1650915": "Research is \"creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.\" It involves the collection, organization, and analysis of information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue. At a general level, research has three steps: 1. Pose a question. 2. Collect data to answer the question. 3. Present an answer to the question. This should be a familiar process. You engage in solving problems every day and you start with a question, collect some information, and then form an answer.\nResearch is important for three reasons.1. Research adds to our knowledge: Adding to knowledge means that educators undertake research to contribute to existing information about issues 2.Research improves practice: Research is also important because it suggests improvements for practice. Armed with research results, teachers and other educators become more effective professionals. 3. Research informs policy debates: research also provides information to policy makers when they research and debate educational topics.A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. Research projects can be used to develop further knowledge on a topic, or in the example of a school research project, they can be used to further a student's research prowess to prepare them for future jobs or reports. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological, etc. The scientific study of research practices is known as meta-research.", "Q1853193": "The Twentieth Century Approaches (Russian: \u0414\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f) is a 1986 Soviet film adaptation of Arthur Conan Doyle's stories about Sherlock Holmes. It is the fifth film in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson film series directed by Igor Maslennikov.\nThe film is based on four stories by Conan Doyle \u2013 \"The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb\", \"The Adventure of the Second Stain\", \"The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans\", \"His Last Bow\".", "Q111": "Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury. In English, Mars carries the name of the Roman god of war and is often referred to as the 'Red Planet'. The latter refers to the effect of the iron oxide prevalent on Mars' surface, which gives it a reddish appearance distinctive among the astronomical bodies visible to the naked eye. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.\nThe days and seasons are likewise comparable to those of Earth, because the rotational period as well as the tilt of the rotational axis relative to the ecliptic plane are very similar. Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and highest known mountain on any planet in the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System. The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact feature. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped. These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.\nMars has been explored by numerous unmanned spacecraft. Mariner 4, launched by NASA on November 28, 1964, was the first spacecraft to visit Mars, making its closest approach to the planet on July 15, 1965. Mariner 4 detected the weak Martian radiation belt, measured at about 0.1% that of Earth\u2019s, and captured the first images of another planet from deep space. On July 20, 1976, Viking 1 performed the first successful landing on the Martian surface. Although the Soviet Mars 3 spacecraft achieved a soft landing in December 1971, contact was lost with its lander seconds after touchdown. On July 4, 1997, the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft landed on Mars, and on July 5 released its rover, Sojourner, the first robotic rover to operate on Mars. Pathfinder was followed by the Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, which landed on Mars in January 2004 and operated until March 22, 2010 and June 10, 2018, respectively. The Mars Express orbiter, the first European Space Agency spacecraft to visit Mars, arrived in orbit on December 25, 2003. On September 24, 2014, the Indian Space Research Organization became the fourth space agency to visit Mars, when its maiden interplanetary mission, the Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft, successfully arrived in orbit.There are ongoing investigations assessing the past habitability potential of Mars, as well as the possibility of extant life. Future astrobiology missions are planned, including the Perseverance and Rosalind Franklin rovers. Liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars due to low atmospheric pressure, which is less than 1% of the Earth's, except at the lowest elevations for short periods. The two polar ice caps appear to be made largely of water. The volume of water ice in the south polar ice cap, if melted, would be sufficient to cover the entire planetary surface to a depth of 11 meters (36 ft). In November 2016, NASA reported finding a large amount of underground ice in the Utopia Planitia region of Mars. The volume of water detected has been estimated to be equivalent to the volume of water in Lake Superior.Mars can easily be seen from Earth with the naked eye, as can its reddish coloring. Its apparent magnitude reaches \u22122.94, which is surpassed only by Venus, the Moon, and the Sun. Optical ground-based telescopes are typically limited to resolving features about 300 kilometers (190 mi) across when Earth and Mars are closest because of Earth's atmosphere.", "Q105962": "Maurice F\u00e9lix Charles Allais (31 May 1911 \u2013 9 October 2010) was a French physicist and economist, the 1988 winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences \"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources\", for Maurice Allais contribution, along with John Hicks (Value and Capital, 1939) and Paul Samuelson (The Foundations of Economic Analysis, 1947), to neoclassical synthesis. They formalize the self-regulation of markets, that Keynes refuted, while reiterating some of his ideas.\nBorn in Paris, France, Allais attended the Lyc\u00e9e Lakanal, graduated from the \u00c9cole Polytechnique in Paris and studied at the \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des mines de Paris. His academic and other posts have included being Professor of Economics at the \u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des Mines de Paris (since 1944) and Director of its Economic Analysis Centre (since 1946). In 1949, he received the title of doctor-engineer from the University of Paris, Faculty of Science. He also held teaching positions at various institutions, including at the University of Paris X-Nanterre. His first works oriented him towards the sciences of the concrete and the experiments of fundamental physics, on which he will also publish numerous works, notably on pendular oscillations and the laws of gravitation. It's after a trip in 1933 to the United States during the Great Depression, that he decides to make the economy. Allais died at his home in Saint-Cloud, near Paris, at the age of 99.Allais considered Leon Walras, Wilfredo Pareto, and Irving Fisher to be his primary influences. He was reluctant to write in or translate his work into English, and many of his major contributions became known to the dominant community only when they were independently rediscovered or popularized by English-speaking economists. At the same time, he claimed Keynes's liberalism and declared himself in favor of an important public sector. Allais attended the inaugural meeting of the Mont Pelerin Society, but he was alone among the attendees to refuse to sign the statement of aims because of a disagreement over the extent of property rights. He exerted an important influence, at the end of the war, on French economists such as G\u00e9rard Debreu, Jacques Lesourne, Edmond Malinvaud and Marcel Boiteux.\nPaul Samuelson said \"Had Allais earliest writings been in English, a generation of economic theory would have taken a different course\", and felt the Nobel Prize should have been awarded to him much earlier. Assar Lindbeck, the chairman of the selection committee considered Allais as \"a giant within the world of economic analysis\".", "Q212518": "Patrick Galen Dempsey (born January 13, 1966) is an American actor and racecar driver, best known for his role as neurosurgeon Derek \"McDreamy\" Shepherd in Grey's Anatomy, starring alongside Ellen Pompeo (Dr. Meredith Grey). Dempsey then retired the character after 11 seasons. He saw early success as an actor, starring in a number of films in the 1980s, including Can't Buy Me Love (1987) and Loverboy (1989). In the 1990s, he mostly appeared in smaller roles in film, such as Outbreak (1995) and television. Patrick was also in Scream 3 (2000) where he portrayed the role of Detective Mark Kincaid. He was successful in landing a lead role in Sweet Home Alabama (2002), a surprise box office hit. He has since starred in other films, including Brother Bear 2 (2006), Enchanted (2007), Made of Honor (2008), Valentine's Day (2010), Flypaper (2011), Freedom Writers (2007), Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011), and Bridget Jones's Baby (2016).\nDempsey, who maintains a sports car and vintage car collection, also enjoys auto racing in his spare time. He has competed in pro-am events such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Rolex 24 at Daytona sports car race and Ensenada SCORE Baja 1000 off-road race. Prior to the 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans, Dempsey declared that he would \"walk away\" from acting if he could and dedicate himself full-time to motorsports.", "Q693597": "Herman's Hermits are an English beat rock band formed in Manchester in 1964, originally called Herman & the Hermits. Harvey Lisberg discovered them and signed on as their manager. He sent a plane ticket to Mickie Most so that he could come from London to see the band play in Bolton. Most became the group's record producer, controlling the band's output. He emphasised a simple and non-threatening clean-cut image. They had number 1 hit singles on both sides of the Atlantic and starred in two films among other successes.\nTheir first hit was a cover of Earl-Jean's \"I'm into Something Good\", which reached number one in the UK Singles Chart and number 13 in the US in late 1964. They never topped the British charts again, but they had two number one songs on the US Billboard Hot 100 with \"Mrs. Brown, You've Got a Lovely Daughter\" and \"I'm Henry the Eighth, I Am\". These songs were aimed at a US fan base, with Peter Noone (singer) exaggerating his Mancunian accent.\nTheir US records were released on the MGM label, which often featured their musical performers in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films. The Hermits appeared in several MGM movies, including When the Boys Meet the Girls (1965) and Hold On! (1966). They also starred in the film Mrs. Brown You've Got a Lovely Daughter (1968) and appeared in the 1965 anthology film Pop Gear.\nThe group appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show, The Dean Martin Show and The Jackie Gleason Show. Continued success in the US proved elusive beyond 1967, although they had as many Top Ten hits in Britain from 1967 to 1970. They recorded their final album of the 1960's, Rock 'n' Roll Party. Peter Noone left the band in 1971. Herman's Hermits reunited in 1973 to headline a British invasion tour of the US, culminating with a performance at Madison Square Garden and an appearance on The Midnight Special. A later lineup with lead guitarist Derek Leckenby and drummer Barry Whitwam opened for the Monkees on their '80s reunion tours of the US. The band continues to tour today, with Whitwam as the only remaining member from the original lineup.", "Q13888": "Luchino Visconti di Modrone, Count of Lonate Pozzolo (Italian: [lu\u02c8ki\u02d0no vis\u02c8konti di mo\u02c8dro\u02d0ne]; 2 November 1906 \u2013 17 March 1976), was an Italian theatre, opera and cinema director, as well as a screenwriter. He is best known for his films Ossessione (1943), Senso (1954), Rocco and His Brothers (1960), The Leopard (1963), The Damned (1969), Death in Venice (1971) and The Innocent (1976).", "Q2817281": "The Zosimaia School (Greek: \u0396\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03a3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae, Zosima\u00eda Schol\u00ed) of Ioannina (in Epirus) has been one of the most significant Greek middle-level educational institutions (high schools) during the last period of Ottoman rule in the region (1828\u20131913). The Zosimaia was founded at 1828 through the personal expense of the Zosimas brothers, and is still functioning as a high school under the regulations of the Greek Ministry of Education.", "Q97550": "Jean Marie Rodolphe Eickemeyer, also called Heinrich Maria Johann Rudolf Eickemeyer, was an engineer, mathematician, and general of the French Revolutionary Wars. Eickemeyer was born on 11 March 1753 in Mainz, and died 9 September 1825 in Gau-Algesheim, a town in the Mainz-Bingen district of present-day Rhineland-Palatinate. \nOriginally in the service of the Elector of Mainz, after the fall of Mainz in 1792, he served in the French Republican Army, attaining the rank of general of brigade, and commanded a division at the Siege of Kehl (1796\u201397). He left French service in 1799 and retired to Mainz, but found no employment there. He moved to his hometown, where he served two terms as mayor, and was elected as a deputy to the Chamber of the Grand Duchy of Hesse.", "Q43067": "Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (German: [\u02c8ha\u026an\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8lu\u02d0\u026at\u02ccp\u0254lt \u02c8h\u026aml\u0250] (listen); 7 October 1900 \u2013 23 May 1945) was Reichsf\u00fchrer of the Schutzstaffel (Protection Squadron; SS), and a leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of Germany. Himmler was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and a main architect of the Holocaust.\nAs a member of a reserve battalion during World War I, Himmler did not see active service. He studied agronomy in university, and joined the Nazi Party in 1923 and the SS in 1925. In 1929, he was appointed Reichsf\u00fchrer-SS by Adolf Hitler. Over the next 16 years, he developed the SS from a mere 290-man battalion into a million-strong paramilitary group, and, following Hitler's orders, set up and controlled the Nazi concentration camps. He was known for good organisational skills and for selecting highly competent subordinates, such as Reinhard Heydrich in 1931. From 1943 onwards, he was both Chief of German Police and Minister of the Interior, overseeing all internal and external police and security forces, including the Gestapo (Secret State Police). Himmler had a lifelong interest in occultism, interpreting Germanic neopagan and V\u00f6lkisch beliefs to promote the racial policy of Nazi Germany, and incorporating esoteric symbolism and rituals into the SS.\nOn Hitler's behalf, Himmler formed the Einsatzgruppen and built extermination camps. As facilitator and overseer of the concentration camps, Himmler directed the killing of some six million Jews, between 200,000 and 500,000 Romani people, and other victims; the total number of civilians killed by the regime is estimated at eleven to fourteen million people. Most of them were Polish and Soviet citizens.\nLate in World War II, Hitler briefly appointed him a military commander and later Commander of the Replacement (Home) Army and General Plenipotentiary for the administration of the entire Third Reich (Generalbevollm\u00e4chtigter f\u00fcr die Verwaltung). Specifically, he was given command of the Army Group Upper Rhine and the Army Group Vistula; he failed to achieve his assigned objectives and Hitler replaced him in these posts. Realising the war was lost, Himmler attempted to open peace talks with the western Allies without Hitler's knowledge, shortly before the end of the war. Hearing of this, Hitler dismissed him from all his posts in April 1945 and ordered his arrest. Himmler attempted to go into hiding, but was detained and then arrested by British forces once his identity became known. While in British custody, he committed suicide on 23 May 1945.", "Q7070": "Eisenach (German pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u026a\u032fz\u0259nax]) is a town in Thuringia, Germany with 42,000 inhabitants, located 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of Erfurt, 70 km (43 miles) southeast of Kassel and 150 km (93 miles) northeast of Frankfurt. It is the main urban centre of western Thuringia and bordering northeastern Hessian regions, situated near the former Inner German border. A major attraction is Wartburg castle, which has been a UNESCO world heritage site since 1999.\nEisenach was an early capital of Thuringia in the 12th and 13th centuries. St. Elizabeth lived at the court of the Ludowingians here between 1211 and 1228. Later, Martin Luther came to Eisenach and translated the Bible into German. In 1685, Johann Sebastian Bach was born here. During the early modern period, Eisenach was a residence of the Ernestine Wettins and was visited by numerous representatives of Weimar classicism like Johann Wolfgang Goethe. In 1869, the SDAP, one of the two precursors of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) was founded in Eisenach.\nCar production is an important industry in Eisenach. The Automobilwerk Eisenach was founded in 1896. In the German Democratic Republic, the Wartburg was produced here.\nEisenach is situated on the H\u00f6rsel river, a tributary of the Werra between the Thuringian Forest in the south, the Hainich mountains in the north-east and the East Hesse Highlands in the north-west.", "Q8343": "The clarinet is a family of woodwind instruments. It has a single-reed mouthpiece, a straight, cylindrical tube with an almost cylindrical bore, and a flared bell. A person who plays a clarinet is called a clarinetist (sometimes spelled clarinettist).\nWhile the similarity in sound between the earliest clarinets and the trumpet may hold a clue to its name, other factors may have been involved. During the Late Baroque era, composers such as Bach and Handel were making new demands on the skills of their trumpeters, who were often required to play difficult melodic passages in the high, or as it came to be called, clarion register. Since the trumpets of this time had no valves or pistons, melodic passages would often require the use of the highest part of the trumpet's range, where the harmonics were close enough together to produce scales of adjacent notes as opposed to the gapped scales or arpeggios of the lower register. The trumpet parts that required this specialty were known by the term clarino and this in turn came to apply to the musicians themselves. It is probable that the term clarinet may stem from the diminutive version of the 'clarion' or 'clarino' and it has been suggested that clarino players may have helped themselves out by playing particularly difficult passages on these newly developed \"mock trumpets\".Johann Christoph Denner is generally believed to have invented the clarinet in Germany around the year 1700 by adding a register key to the earlier chalumeau, usually in the key of C. Over time, additional keywork and airtight pads were added to improve the tone and playability.In modern times, the most popular clarinet is the B\u266d clarinet. However, the clarinet in A, just a semitone lower, is regularly used in orchestral music. An orchestral clarinetist must own both a clarinet in A and B\u266d since the repertoire is divided fairly evenly between the two. Since the middle of the 19th century the bass clarinet (nowadays invariably in B\u266d but with extra keys to extend the register down a few notes) has become an essential addition to the orchestra. The clarinet family ranges from the (extremely rare) BBB\u266d octo-contrabass to the A\u266d piccolo clarinet. The clarinet has proved to be an exceptionally flexible instrument, used in the classical repertoire as in concert bands, military bands, marching bands, klezmer, jazz, and other styles.", "Q1973531": "V\u00edctor Esp\u00ednola is a Paraguayan multi-instrumentalist and singer, best known for playing the Paraguayan harp. His style of music is influenced by a combination of flamenco, gypsy, Brazilian, Middle Eastern, African, pop and dance. He has toured throughout the world including Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Switzerland, Italy, Austria and Germany. Esp\u00ednola is a featured concert instrumentalist with the Greek musician Yanni, touring during the 2003 and 2004 Ethnicity world tours, the 2005 Yanni Live! The Concert Event tour and the 2009 Yanni Voices tour. His brother Fito Espinola is also a talented guitarist and singer. \n\n", "Q98663": "Johann Friedrich Heinrich Schlosser (30 December 1780 in Frankfort-on-the-Main \u2013 22 January 1851 in Frankfort-on-the-Main) was a German jurist, writer and translator.", "Q321878": "Karl-Markus Gau\u00df (born 14 May 1954, in Salzburg) is an Austrian contemporary writer, essayist and editor. He lives in Salzburg.", "Q109180": "Wolfgang Herrndorf (12 June 1965 \u2013 26 August 2013) was a German author, painter, and illustrator.", "Q723240": "For the Russian ice hockey player born in 1979, see Alexander Medvedev (ice hockey).Alexander Ivanovich Medvedev (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432, Aleksandr Ivanovich Medvedev) (born 14 August 1955 in Shakhtyorsk, Sakhalin Oblast) is the current Deputy Chairman of the Management Committee of Russian energy company Gazprom and since February 2019 he is the director general and president of the football club Zenit, Saint Petersburg.\nMedvedev also served as Director-General of Gazprom's export arm Gazprom Export from 2006 until 2014. He is a member of the Coordination Committee of RosUkrEnergo and a member of the shareholders' committee of Nord Stream AG, and was the first president of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), serving from 2008 until his resignation in 2014.", "Q2633060": "Gourgen Mkrtich Yanikian or in Western Armenian Kourken Mgrditch Yanigian (Armenian: \u0533\u0578\u0582\u0580\u0563\u0565\u0576 \u0544\u056f\u0580\u057f\u056b\u0579 \u0545\u0561\u0576\u056b\u056f\u0575\u0561\u0576, December 24, 1895 \u2013 February 27, 1984) was an Armenian American engineer, Armenian Genocide survivor, best known for the assassination of two Turkish consular officials, Los Angeles Consul General Mehmet Baydar and Consul Bahad\u0131r Demir, in California in 1973. Sentenced to life imprisonment, Yanikian was released on parole in January 1984. It is widely believed that Yanikian's act was the inspiration for the founding of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia, the Armenian militant organization of the 1970s and 1980s which staged attacks on Turkish diplomats in retaliation for the Armenian Genocide.", "Q232810": "Mary Temple Grandin (born August 29, 1947) is an American professor of animal science at Colorado State University, consultant to the livestock industry on animal behavior, and autism spokesperson. She is one of the first individuals on the autism spectrum to document the insights she gained from her personal experience of autism. \nGrandin has authored more than 60 peer-reviewed scientific papers on animal behavior and is a prominent proponent for the humane treatment of livestock for slaughter. She also invented the \"Hug Box\" device to calm those on the autism spectrum. In the 2010 Time 100, an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world, she was named among those in the \"Heroes\" category. She was the subject of the Emmy- and Golden Globe-winning semi-biographical film Temple Grandin.", "Q2584074": "Dhia' ul-D\u012bn 'Abd al-Malik ibn Y\u016bsuf al-Juwayn\u012b al-Shafi'\u012b (Persian: \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0636\u06cc\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u06cc\u200e, 17 February 1028\u2014 19 August 1085; 419\u2014478 AH) was a Persian Sunni Shafi'i jurist and mutakallim theologian. His name is commonly abbreviated as Al-Juwayni; he is also commonly referred to as Imam al Haramayn, meaning \"leading master of the two holy cities\", that is, Mecca and Medina.", "Q6052326": "Orestes Acquarone Salaberry (27 April 1875 - 9 November 1952) was a Uruguayan lithographist, painter, cartoonist, watercolourist, sculptor and poet.\nBetween 1909 and 1914 he was in charge of La Semana magazine.\n\n", "Q1401": "Francesco Petrarca (Italian: [fran\u02c8t\u0283esko pe\u02c8trarka]; July 20, 1304 \u2013 July 18/19, 1374), commonly anglicized as Petrarch (), was an Italian scholar and poet during the early Italian Renaissance who was one of the earliest humanists. \nPetrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited with initiating the 14th-century Italian Renaissance and the founding of Renaissance humanism. In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante Alighieri. Petrarch would later be endorsed as a model for Italian style by the Accademia della Crusca.\nPetrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. He is also known for being the first to develop the concept of the \"Dark Ages.\"", "Q45370": "Gerhard H\u00f6llerich (25 January 1943 \u2013 9 October 1991), known professionally as Roy Black, was a German schlager singer and actor, who appeared in several musical comedies and starred in the 1989 TV series, Ein Schlo\u00df am W\u00f6rthersee.", "Q80992": "Caterina Sforza (1463 \u2013 28 May 1509) was an Italian noblewoman along with the Countess of Forl\u00ec and Lady of Imola, firstly with her husband Girolamo Riario, and after his death as a regent of her son Ottaviano.\nCaterina was the illegitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan and Lucrezia, the wife of the courtier Gian Piero Landriani, a close friend of the Duke. She was raised in the refined Milanese court. The descendant of a dynasty of noted condottieri, from an early age, Caterina distinguished herself through her bold and impetuous actions taken to safeguard her possessions from possible usurpers and to defend her dominions from attack, when they were involved in political intrigues.\nIn her private life Caterina was devoted to various activities, including experiments in alchemy and a love of hunting and dancing. She had many children, but only the youngest, Captain Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, inherited his mother's forceful, militant personality. Caterina's resistance to Cesare Borgia meant she had to face his fury and imprisonment. Once she gained her freedom in Rome, she led a quiet life in Florence. In the final years of her life, she confided to a monk: \"Se io potessi scrivere tutto, farei stupire il mondo\" (If I could write everything that happened, I would shock the world).", "Q139725": "Mor\u0105g ([\u02c8m\u0254r\u0254\u014bk]; German: Mohrungen, [\u02c8mo\u02d0\u0281\u028a\u014b\u0259n] (listen)) is a town in northern Poland in Ostr\u00f3da County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.", "Q150793": "The Sturmabteilung (SA; German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283t\u028a\u0250\u032fm\u0294ap\u02ccta\u026al\u028a\u014b] (listen)), literally Storm Detachment, was the Nazi Party's original paramilitary wing. It played a significant role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s. Its primary purposes were providing protection for Nazi rallies and assemblies, disrupting the meetings of opposing parties, fighting against the paramilitary units of the opposing parties, especially the Red Front Fighters League (Rotfrontk\u00e4mpferbund) of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), and intimidating Romani, trade unionists, and, especially, Jews \u2013 for instance, during the 1933 Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses.\nThe SA were also called the \"Brownshirts\" (Braunhemden), from the color of their uniform shirts, similar to Benito Mussolini's blackshirts. The SA developed pseudo-military titles for its members, with ranks that were later adopted by several other Nazi Party groups, chief amongst them the Schutzstaffel (SS). This had originated as a branch of the SA before being separated. Brown-colored shirts were chosen as the SA uniform because a large number of them were cheaply available after World War I, having originally been ordered during the war for colonial troops posted to Germany's former African colonies.After Adolf Hitler ordered the \"blood purge\" of 1934, he withdrew support from the SA. This event became known as the Night of the Long Knives (die Nacht der langen Messer). The SA continued to exist, but was effectively superseded by the SS, although the paramilitary forces were not formally dissolved until after Nazi Germany's final capitulation to the Allies in 1945.", "Q1020717": "How Do They Do It? is a television series produced by Wag TV for Discovery Channel. Each programme explores how 2 or 3 ordinary objects are made and used. The show's slogan is \"Behind the ordinary is the extraordinary.\" The series is broadcast throughout the world on various Discovery-owned networks including:\n\nDiscovery Channel, Science Channel, DMAX and Quest in the United Kingdom;\nScience Channel in the United States;\nDiscovery Channel in Asia, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Spain, Switzerland, and the Netherlands;\nDiscovery Channel and Discovery Science in Italy.Series 1 and 2, which were co-produced with Rocket Surgery Productions, were narrated by Rupert Degas; series 3 and 4 were narrated by Iain Lee; and series 5 and 6 were narrated by Dominic Frisby. In 2008, the UK's Channel 5 began airing the series, presented by Robert Llewellyn. This version was released on DVD in the UK in May 2010.In the United States, the series airs on the Science Channel and is narrated by Chris Broyles.\nThis programme is similar to the popular Canadian-produced documentary programme, How It's Made, also broadcast on Discovery Channel networks.", "Q96128": "Ingo Niermann (born 1969, Bielefeld, Germany) is a German novelist, writer, and artist.", "Q140580": "Zahir Pajaziti (1 November 1962 \u2013 31 January 1997) was a commander of the Kosovo Liberation Army. He was the first Commander of the KLA, known as \"First Gun of Freedom\".\n\n", "Q982901": "Fehmi Koru\u00a7 (born 24 July 1950 in Izmir) is a Turkish journalist and columnist.", "Q55163": "Robert Bernard Altman (; February 20, 1925 \u2013 November 20, 2006) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. Altman is known as five-time nominee of the Academy Award for Best Director and an enduring figure from the New Hollywood era with such directors as Martin Scorsese, Woody Allen, Sidney Lumet, and David Lynch. Altman was considered a \"maverick\" in making films with a highly naturalistic but stylized and satirical aesthetic, unlike most Hollywood films. He is consistently ranked as one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers in American cinema.\nHis style of filmmaking covered many genres, but usually with a \"subversive\" twist which typically relied on satire and humor to express his personal views. Altman developed a reputation for being \"anti-Hollywood\" and non-conformist in both his themes and directing style. However, actors especially enjoyed working under his direction because he encouraged them to improvise, thereby inspiring their own creativity.\nHe preferred large ensemble casts for his films, and developed a multitrack recording technique which produced overlapping dialogue from multiple actors. This produced a more natural, more dynamic, and more complex experience for the viewer. He also used highly mobile camera work and zoom lenses to enhance the activity taking place on the screen. Critic Pauline Kael, writing about his directing style, said that Altman could \"make film fireworks out of next to nothing.\" Altman's most famous directorial achievements include, M*A*S*H* (1970), McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971), The Long Goodbye (1973), Nashville (1975), 3 Women (1977), Secret Honor (1984), The Player (1992), Short Cuts (1993), and Gosford Park (2001). \nIn 2006, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences recognized Altman's body of work with an Academy Honorary Award. He never won a competitive Oscar despite seven nominations. His films MASH (1970), McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971), and Nashville (1975) have been selected for the United States National Film Registry. Altman is one of three filmmakers whose films have won the Golden Bear at Berlin, the Golden Lion at Venice, and the Golden Palm at Cannes (the other two being Henri-Georges Clouzot, and Michelangelo Antonioni).", "Q951581": "Rudy Trouv\u00e9 (born 28 January 1967 in Wilrijk) is a Belgian musician from Antwerp.\nIn the early nineties he founded the Heavenhotel record label and released dozens of records since. Between 1993 and 1995 he was part of Deus, quitting the band in favour of focusing on his own solo career, exploring obscure music groups and temporary collaborations.\nSince 1995, he scored most success with Kiss My Jazz and Dead Man Ray, and recorded a split album with Lou Barlow on the Sub Rosa label.\nRudy Trouv\u00e9 is regarded highly as an improvisor; in jam sessions and experimental concerts he has shared the stage with Mauro Pawlowski, Zeitkratzer Ensemble (Germany), Marc Ribot (US), Pierre Bastien, Pierre Berthet, members of DAAU, Zita Swoon,...\nAs a former student at St-Lucas in Ghent, Rudy Trouv\u00e9 is also famous for his artwork: figurative paintings and blow-ups which can be found on the record sleeves of most of his self-produced records and the bands he performed with. One of them was Worst Case Scenario by dEUS.", "Q1771717": "Portland State University (PSU) is a public research university in Portland, Oregon. It was founded in 1946 as a post-secondary educational institution for World War II veterans. It evolved into a four-year college over the following two decades and was granted university status in 1969. It is the only public urban university in the state of Oregon that is located in a large city. It is governed by a board of trustees. The university is categorized as an R2: Doctoral University \u2013 Higher Research Activity in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.Portland State is composed of seven constituent colleges, offering undergraduate degrees in one hundred twenty-three fields, and postgraduate degrees in one hundred seventeen fields. Schools at Portland State include the School of Business Administration, College of Education, School of Social Work, College of Urban and Public Affairs, College of the Arts, Maseeh College of Engineering and Computer Science, and the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. The athletic teams are known as the Portland State Vikings with school colors of green and white. Teams compete at the NCAA Division I Level, primarily in the Big Sky Conference.", "Q348170": "Samuel Putnam (October 10, 1892 \u2013 January 15, 1950) was an American translator and scholar of Romance languages. He is also noteworthy as the author of Paris Was Our Mistress, a memoir on writers and artists associated with the American ex-patriate community in Paris in the 1920s and early 1930s.", "Q601793": "Antonio di Gennaro (Italian pronunciation: [an\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0njo di d\u0292en\u02c8na\u02d0ro]; born 5 October 1958) is an Italian former footballer who played as a midfielder.\n\n", "Q68584": "Hubert von Luschka, born Hubert Luschka (July 27, 1820 in Konstanz \u2013 March 1, 1875 in T\u00fcbingen), was a German anatomist. He lent his name to several structures, including the foramina of Luschka, Luschka's crypts, Luschka's joints, and Ducts of Luschka. His name is also associated with Luschka's law, an anatomical rule concerning location of the ureters.Luschka began studying medicine, initially pharmacology, in 1841 at the University of Freiburg and the University of Heidelberg. In 1845 he became an assistant to Louis Stromeyer in Freiburg, then moved in 1849 to the University of T\u00fcbingen, where he was a lecturer and associate professor until being appointed a full professor of anatomy in 1855. A manuscript copy of lectures on surgical anatomy that he gave in T\u00fcbingen forms part of the Manchester Medical Manuscripts Collection held by special collections at the University of Manchester with the reference MMM/23/211. He gained a noble title and began using von in his name in 1865.\nHis work particularly concerned the need for anatomy to be connected in a practical manner to medicine and surgery. His Anatomie des Menschen in R\u00fccksicht auf das Bed\u00fcrfnis der praktischen Heilkunde (1862\u201369; \"Human Anatomy in Consideration of the Needs of Practical Medicine\") aimed to provide such a link. He promoted the use of anatomical information in surgery, for example to manipulate internal organs using long needles before cutting the body open, and was one of the first to conduct detailed research on normal corpses (rather than only diseased or anomalous ones), publishing a series of detailed books covering specific aspects of anatomy, such as the nerves of the hands and the blood vessels of the brain.", "Q93050": "Arthur Whitney (born October 20, 1957) is a Canadian computer scientist most notable for developing three programming languages inspired by APL: A+, k, and q, and for co-founding the U.S. company Kx Systems and Shakti Software.\n\n", "Q283215": "Bullets Over Summer is a 1999 Hong Kong action film directed by Wilson Yip and starring Francis Ng and Louis Koo. For their performances in the film, Ng and Law Lan were awarded Best Actor and Best Actress respectively at the 6th Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards while Law was also awarded Best Actress at the 19th Hong Kong Film Awards and Best Supporting Actress at the 5th Golden Bauhinia Awards.", "Q30937": "Fantasia 2000 is a 1999 American animated film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Produced by Roy E. Disney and Donald W. Ernst, it is the 38th Disney animated feature film and sequel to Fantasia (1940). Like its predecessor, Fantasia 2000 consists of animated segments set to pieces of classical music. Celebrities including Steve Martin, Itzhak Perlman, Quincy Jones, Bette Midler, James Earl Jones, Penn & Teller, and Angela Lansbury introduce each segment in live-action scenes directed by Don Hahn.\nAfter numerous unsuccessful attempts to develop a Fantasia sequel, The Walt Disney Company revived the idea shortly after Michael Eisner became chief executive officer in 1984. The commercial success of the 1991 home video release of Fantasia convinced Eisner that there was enough public interest and funds for a sequel, to which he assigned Disney as executive producer. The music for six of the film's eight segments is performed by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra conducted by James Levine. The film includes The Sorcerer's Apprentice from the 1940 original. Each new segment was produced by combining traditional animation with computer-generated imagery.\nFantasia 2000 premiered on December 17, 1999 at Carnegie Hall in New York City as part of a concert tour that also visited London, Paris, Tokyo, and Pasadena, California. The film was then released in 75 IMAX theaters worldwide from January 1 to April 30, 2000, marking the first animated feature-length film to be released in the format. Its general release in regular theaters followed on June 16, 2000. The film received mostly positive reviews from critics, who praised the film overall while also criticizing its uneven quality. Budgeted at about $80\u2013$85 million, the film grossed $90.8 million worldwide.", "Q777177": "Johnny Dowd (born March 29, 1948 in Fort Worth, Texas) is an American alternative country musician from Ithaca, New York. Typical of his style are experimental, noisy breaks in his songs and strong gothic (in the sense of dark and gloomy) elements in the lyrics as well as in the music. There is also a strong undercurrent of black humor and the absurd in his work.\nAlthough his early albums were most celebrated in the alternative country community, he has never quite fit into any particular genre. As a singer-songwriter, his music is most often compared to that of Tom Waits, Nick Cave and Captain Beefheart.", "Q59981": "Shukri al-Quwatli (Arabic: \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u062a\u0644\u064a\u200e, romanized: \u0160ukr\u012b al-Quwwatl\u012b; 6 May 1891 \u2013 30 June 1967) was the first president of post-independence Syria. He began his career as a dissident working towards the independence and unity of the Ottoman Empire's Arab territories and was consequently imprisoned and tortured for his activism. When the Kingdom of Syria was established, Quwatli became a government official, though he was disillusioned with monarchism and co-founded the republican Independence Party. Quwatli was immediately sentenced to death by the French who took control over Syria in 1920. Afterward, he based himself in Cairo where he served as the chief ambassador of the Syrian-Palestinian Congress, cultivating particularly strong ties with Saudi Arabia. He used these connections to help finance the Great Syrian Revolt (1925\u20131927). In 1930, the French authorities pardoned Quwatli and thereafter, he returned to Syria, where he gradually became a principal leader of the National Bloc. He was elected president of Syria in 1943 and oversaw the country's independence three years later.\nQuwatli was reelected in 1948, but was toppled in a military coup in 1949. He subsequently went into exile in Egypt, returning to Syria in 1955 to participate in the presidential election, which he won. A conservative presiding over an increasingly leftist-dominated government, Quwatli officially adopted neutralism amid the Cold War. After his request for aid from the United States was denied, he drew closer to the Eastern bloc. He also entered Syria into a defense arrangement with Egypt and Saudi Arabia to confront the influence of the Baghdad Pact. In 1957, Quwatli, who the US and the Pact countries attempted but failed to oust, sought to stem the leftist tide in Syria, but to no avail. By then, his political authority had receded as the military bypassed Quwatli's jurisdiction by independently coordinating with Quwatli's erstwhile ally, Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser.\nFollowing months of unity talks, in 1958, Quwatli merged Syria with Egypt to form the United Arab Republic and stepped down for Nasser to serve as president. In gratitude, Nasser awarded Quwatli the honorary title of \"First Arab Citizen\". However, Quwatli grew disenchanted with the union, believing it had reduced Syria to a police state subordinate to Egypt. He backed Syria's secession in 1961, but plans for him to complete his presidential term afterward did not materialize. Quwatli left Syria following the 1963 Ba'athist coup, and he died of a heart attack in Lebanon weeks after Syria's defeat in the 1967 Six-Day War. He was buried in Damascus on 1 July.", "Q79489": "El Dorado is a city in, and the county seat of, Union County, on the southern border of Arkansas, United States. According to the 2010 census, the population of the city is 18,884.El Dorado is headquarters of the Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission as well as Murphy Oil, Murphy USA, Deltic Timber Corporation and a DelekUS oil refinery. The city has a nationally-recognized downtown arts district, the Murphy Arts District (MAD); a community college, South Arkansas Community College (SouthArk); and a multi-cultural arts center, South Arkansas Arts Center (SAAC). El Dorado is the population, cultural and business center of south central Arkansas.\nThe city was the heart of the 1920s oil boom in the area. During World War II, it became a center of the chemical industry, which still plays a part in the economy, as do oil and timber. El Dorado is located approximately 120 miles (190 km) from the state capital of Little Rock.", "Q717683": "Sir Ove Nyquist Arup, CBE, MICE, MIStructE, FCIOB (16 April 1895 \u2013 5 February 1988) was a Danish-English engineer who founded Arup Group Limited, a multinational corporation that offers engineering, design, planning, project management, and consulting services for building systems. Ove Arup is considered to be among the foremost architectural structural engineers of his time.", "Q3310773": "Michel Roussin (born May 3, 1939 in Rabat, Morocco) was the chief of staff of Alexandre de Marenches, who directed the SDECE French secret service until the May 1981 election of Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand as President of France. Michel Roussin has also been chief of staff of Jacques Chirac when he was mayor of Paris and also when he was prime minister.\nRoussin then became minister of cooperation under Edouard Balladur's government. However, he had to resign, in accordance with the so-called Balladur jurisprudence because of suspected involvement in various affairs concerning the illegal funding of Chirac's Rally for the Republic (RPR) party. Jailed for a time, Roussin was afterwards acquitted. However, on October 26, 2005, he was condemned to four years of prison on probation and a 50,000 EUR fine for his role in the corruption affair concerning high schools in the Paris region.Named to the direction of SAE International, a construction firm linked to Paribas bank, Roussin in 1997 followed this function with his presidency of the Africa committee of the MEDEF, the French employers organization; the francophonie delegation at Paris's municipal hall. He also presented himself as candidate to the presidency of the Elf Aquitaine oil company. Roussin is also allegedly a member of the masonic lodge Grande Loge Nationale Fran\u00e7aise (GLNF).", "Q122463": "Armin Schweizer (28 April 1892 \u2013 8 October 1968) was a Swiss actor.\nSchweizer was born in Zurich, Switzerland and died there at age 76", "Q374851": "Iurie Ro\u015fca (born 31 October 1961, in Telene\u015fti) is a Moldovan politician who has served as president of the Christian-Democratic People's Party (PPCD) since 1994.\n\n", "Q113866": "Reinhold Hilbers (born 25 July 1964 in Lingen) is a German businessman and politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union. He has been a member of the Landtag of Lower Saxony since March 2003. Since November 2017, he has been serving as State Minister of Finance in the government of Minister-President Stephan Weil.", "Q434790": "Tsai Chin (Chinese: \u5468\u91c7\u82b9; pinyin: Zh\u014du C\u01ceiq\u00edn) (born 30 November 1933) is a Chinese\u2013English actress, singer, director, teacher and author best known in America for her role as Auntie Lindo in the film The Joy Luck Club.\nHer career spans more than six decades and three continents. She starred onstage in London's West End in The World of Suzie Wong, and on Broadway in Golden Child. Tsai Chin appeared in two James Bond films: as a Bond girl in You Only Live Twice; and Casino Royale. Her single, \"The Ding Dong Song,\" recorded for Decca, hit the top of the music charts in Asia. She was the first acting instructor to be invited to teach acting in China after the Cultural Revolution, when China's universities re-opened. In China she is best known for her portrayal of Grandmother Jia in the 2010 TV drama series The Dream of Red Mansions.", "Q123769": "Mauro-Giuseppe Lepori, O.Cist., born 1959 is since 2010 the current General Abbot of the Cistercian order.He entered in 1984 Hauterive Abbey, became priest in 1990. He was between 1990 and 1994 novice master in this abbey. He was elected and ordained in 1994 as Abbot of Hauterive and in 2010 as 82nd abbot-general in succession of Maurus Esteva Alsina OCist. He was succeeded in the abbey by Marc de Pothuau.", "Q283201": "Ali Akbar Salehi (Persian: \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u06cc\u200e, English pronunciation ; born 24 March 1949) is an Iranian academic, diplomat and the head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. He served as head of the AEOI from 2009 to 2010 and was appointed to the post for a second time on 16 August 2013. Before the appointment of his current position, he was foreign affairs minister from 2010 to 2013. He was also the Iranian representative in the International Atomic Energy Agency from 1998 to 2003.", "Q78783": "Count Ign\u00e1c Gyulay de Marosn\u00e9meti et N\u00e1daska, Ign\u00e1cz Gyulay, Ignaz Gyulai, or Ignjat \u0110ulaj (11 September 1763 \u2013 11 November 1831) was a Hungarian military officer, joined the army of Habsburg Monarchy, fought against Ottoman Turkey, and became a general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars. From 1806 he held the title of Ban of Croatia. In the struggle against the First French Empire during Napoleonic Wars, he commanded army corps. At the time of his death, he presided over the Hofkriegsrat, the Austrian Council of War.\nWhile fighting against the Turks, Gyulay rose in rank to become a field officer. From 1793 to 1796, he served on the upper Rhine in combat with the armies of the First French Republic. In 1799 he led a brigade in Germany and the following year he commanded a division. From 1801 until 1831, he was Proprietor (Inhaber) of a Hungarian infantry regiment.\nDuring the Napoleonic Wars, Gyulay fought in the 1805 campaign against the First French Empire and later served his emperor as a negotiator in the peace talks. He commanded an Austrian army corps in the 1809 campaign in Italy. Again leading a corps, he fought at the decisive Battle of the Nations in 1813. During the subsequent French campaign in 1814, he led one of the corps in the victorious Allied armies.", "Q57760": "Wilhelm Leopold Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz (12 August 1843 \u2013 19 April 1916), also known as Goltz Pasha, was a Prussian Field Marshal and military writer.", "Q11735": "Michael Spindelegger (born 21 December 1959) is an Austrian politician. He served in the cabinet of Chancellor Werner Faymann as foreign minister of Austria from 2008 to 2013 and as finance minister from 2013 to 2014; additionally, he held the office of vice-chancellor from 2011 to 2014. Spindelegger was also the leader of the Austrian People's Party (\u00d6VP) from 2011 to 2014. In August 2014 he unexpectedly resigned from all political positions. Since 2016, he has been serving as Director General of the Vienna-based International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD).", "Q861324": "Christian Dietrich Meier Zender (born June 23, 1970), best known as Christian Meier, is a Peruvian actor and singer in Latin America, the US Hispanic market, and around the Spanish speaking world.", "Q162053": "Tiffany Lane (born August 16, 1974), better known as Charli Baltimore, is an American rapper and songwriter. Her stage name is taken from Geena Davis's character in the film The Long Kiss Goodnight.", "Q270389": "A news presenter \u2013 also known as a newsreader, newscaster (short for \"news broadcaster\"), anchorman or anchorwoman, news anchor or simply an anchor \u2013 is a person who presents news during a news program on the television, on the radio or on the Internet. They may also be a working journalist, assisting in the collection of news material and may, in addition, provide commentary during the program. News presenters most often work from a television studio or radio studio, but may also present the news from remote locations in the field related to a particular major news event.\n\n", "Q4851628": "Ballet as a music form progressed from simply a complement to dance, to a concrete compositional form that often had as much value as the dance that went along with it. The dance form, originating in France during the 17th century, began as a theatrical dance. It was not until the 19th century that ballet gained status as a \u201cclassical\u201d form. In ballet, the terms \u2018classical\u2019 and \u2018romantic\u2019 are chronologically reversed from musical usage. Thus, the 19th century Classical period in ballet coincided with the 19th century Romantic era in music. Ballet music composers from the 17th\u201320th centuries, including the likes of Jean-Baptiste Lully, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Igor Stravinsky, and Dmitri Shostakovich, were predominantly in France and Russia. Yet with the increased international notoriety seen in Tchaikovsky's and Stravinsky's lifetime, ballet music composition and ballet in general spread across the western world.", "Q95435": "Johann Christian von Boyneburg (April 12, 1622 - December 8, 1672) was a German politician.", "Q295463": "Gregor \"Gore\" Verbinski (born March 16, 1964) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer and musician. He is best known for directing the first three films of the Pirates of the Caribbean film saga, The Ring, and Rango. Verbinski is a graduate of UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. His most recent film, A Cure for Wellness, was released in 2017.\nVerbinski won the Oscar for Best Animated Feature, the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film in 2012 for his animated action-comedy western Rango.", "Q208232": "TAP Air Portugal is the flag carrier airline of Portugal, headquartered at Lisbon Airport which also serves as its hub. TAP \u2013 Transportes A\u00e9reos Portugueses \u2013 has been a member of the Star Alliance since 2005 and operates on average 2,500 flights a week to 90 destinations in 34 countries worldwide. The company has a fleet of 100 airplanes, all of which manufactured by Airbus with the exception of 22 made by Embraer and ATR, operating on behalf of the regional airline TAP Express.In June 2015 the company was semi-privatised and became majority-owned by the Atlantic Gateway Consortium, led by David Neeleman, who founded JetBlue and Azul Brazilian Airlines and co-founded WestJet, together with Portuguese entrepreneur Humberto Pedrosa. The Atlantic Gateway Consortium purchased 61% of the carrier from the government of Portugal on 24 June 2015, with an option to buy the Portuguese government's remaining 34 percent stake in 2018. This deal has been surrounded in controversy because it was completed at the end of the center-right government's mandate with wide opposition from TAP employees. On October 2015, a new left-wing government has sought to return majority control of the airline to the state, having signed in February 2016 a deal with the private consortium, which indicates that the company is 50% owned by the Portuguese state, 45% by the Atlantic Gateway Consortium and 5% available shareholder to collaborators and employees of TAP Air Portugal.", "Q484735": "Jee Man-won (born November 20, 1942 in Hoengseong, Gangwon-do) is a conservative South Korean political scientist, journalist and entrepreneur.", "Q170457": "Ayd\u0131n ( EYE-din; Turkish: [\u02c8ajd\u026fn]; formerly named G\u00fczelhisar), ancient Greek Tralles, is a city in and the seat of Ayd\u0131n Province in Turkey's Aegean Region. The city is located at the heart of the lower valley of B\u00fcy\u00fck Menderes River (ancient Meander River) at a commanding position for the region extending from the uplands of the valley down to the seacoast. Its population was 207,554 in 2014. \nAyd\u0131n city is located along a region which was famous for its fertility and productivity since ancient times. Figs remain the province's best-known crop, although other agricultural products are also grown intensively and the city has some light industry.\nAt the crossroads of a busy transport network of several types, a six-lane motorway connects Ayd\u0131n to \u0130zmir, Turkey's second port, in less than an hour, and in still less time to the international Adnan Menderes Airport, located along the road between the two cities. A smaller airport, namely Ayd\u0131n Airport, is located a few kilometers in the South-East of Ayd\u0131n. The region of Ayd\u0131n also pioneered the introduction of railways into Turkey in the 19th century and still has the densest railroad network.\nThe province of Ayd\u0131n is also where a number of internationally known historic sites and centers of tourism are concentrated.\nThe weather is hot in summer, and warm all year round.", "Q436187": "George Raft (born George Ranft; September 26, 1901 \u2013 November 24, 1980) was an American film actor and dancer identified with portrayals of gangsters in crime melodramas of the 1930s and 1940s. A stylish leading man in dozens of movies, Raft is remembered for his gangster roles in Scarface (1932), Each Dawn I Die (1939), and Billy Wilder's comedy Some Like It Hot (1959), as a dancer in Bolero (1934), and a truck driver in They Drive by Night (1940).Raft said he never regarded himself as an actor. \"I wanted to be me\", he said.", "Q522680": "Michael Woodrow Jackson (born November 6, 1978), known professionally as Oh No, is an American rapper and record producer who has released several albums on Stones Throw Records. He is also half of the hip hop duo Gangrene along with The Alchemist.", "Q55177": "Sunita Lyn Williams (born September 19, 1965) is an American astronaut and United States Navy officer who formerly held the records for total spacewalks by a woman (seven) and most spacewalk time for a woman (50 hours, 40 minutes). Williams was assigned to the International Space Station as a member of Expedition 14 and Expedition 15. In 2012, she served as a flight engineer on Expedition 32 and then commander of Expedition 33.\n\n", "Q383573": "Wolf Larson (born Wolfgang von Wyszecki on December 22, 1959) is a German-Canadian former actor, screenwriter, and producer.\n\n", "Q1516734": "Richard Jay Potash (June 26, 1946 \u2013 November 24, 2018), known professionally as Ricky Jay, was an American stage magician and actor. In a profile for The New Yorker, Mark Singer called Jay \"perhaps the most gifted sleight of hand artist alive\". In addition to sleight of hand, Jay was known for his card tricks, card throwing, memory feats, and stage patter. He also wrote extensively on magic and its history. His acting credits included the films The Prestige, The Spanish Prisoner, Mystery Men, Heist, Boogie Nights, Tomorrow Never Dies, House of Games, and Magnolia, and the HBO series Deadwood. In 2015 he was the subject of an episode of PBS's American Masters, making him the only magician ever to have been profiled in that series.", "Q176026": "Sidney Darlington (July 18, 1906 \u2013 October 31, 1997) was an American electrical engineer and inventor of a transistor configuration in 1953, the Darlington pair. He advanced the state of network theory, developing the insertion-loss synthesis approach, and invented chirp radar, bombsights, and gun and rocket guidance.\nDarlington was awarded a B.S. in Physics, Magna Cum Laude, from Harvard in 1928 where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He also received a B.S. in E.E. from MIT in 1929, and a Ph.D. in Physics from Columbia in 1940.In 1945, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian honor, for his contributions during World War II. He was an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering, which cited his contributions to electrical network theory, radar, and guidance systems. In 1975, he received IEEE's Edison Medal \"For basic contributions to network theory and for important inventions in radar systems and electronic circuits\" and the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1981 \"For fundamental contributions to filtering and signal processing leading to chirp radar\".\nHe died at his home in Exeter, New Hampshire, USA, at the age of 91.", "Q87031": "Hans-Christof von Sponeck (born 1939) is a German diplomat. He was born in Bremen, Germany, the son of Hans Graf von Sponeck. He served as a UN Assistant Secretary-General and UN Humanitarian Coordinator for Iraq. In 1957 he was one of the first conscientious objectors in the Federal Republic of Germany.", "Q88302": "Karin Kiwus (born 9 November 1942) is a German poet from Berlin. After studying journalism, German studies and politology she worked as an editor as well as a university teacher in Austin, Texas. She was the domestic partner of the German film director Frank Beyer until his death in 2006. She has been active in the field of collaborative poetry, writing renshi under the guidance of Makoto Ooka.", "Q120260": "Martin Joseph O'Malley (born January 18, 1963) is an American politician and attorney who served as the 61st Governor of Maryland from 2007 to 2015. He previously served as Mayor of Baltimore from 1999 to 2007, and was a councilman from the Third Council District in the northeast section of the city on the Baltimore City Council from 1991 to 1999.\nO'Malley served as the chair of the Democratic Governors Association from 2011 to 2013, while being governor of Maryland. Following his departure from public office in early 2015, he was appointed to The Johns Hopkins University's Carey Business School as a visiting professor focusing on government, business and urban issues.\nAs governor, in 2011, he signed a law that would make illegal immigrants brought to the United States as children eligible for in-state college tuition. In 2012, he signed a law to legalize same-sex marriage in Maryland. Each law was put to a voter referendum in the 2012 general election, and was upheld by the majority of the state electorate.\nLong rumored to have presidential ambitions, O'Malley publicly announced his candidacy in the 2016 presidential election on May 30, 2015, in Baltimore, after filing his candidacy forms seeking the Democratic Party presidential nomination with the Federal Election Commission the day before. He struggled to attract significant support as one of three major Democratic candidates, however, and eight months later on February 1, 2016, he suspended his campaign after finishing third in the Iowa caucuses.", "Q316018": "Nowhere in Africa (German: Nirgendwo in Afrika) is a 2001 German film that was written and directed by Caroline Link. The screenplay is based on the 1995 autobiographical novel of the same name by Stefanie Zweig. It tells the story of the life in Kenya of a German-Jewish family that emigrated there in 1938 to escape persecution in Nazi Germany. The film won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film as well as five German Film Prizes (Deutscher Filmpreis), including best feature film of 2001.", "Q930619": "Charles Platt (born 26 April 1945) is an author, journalist and computer programmer. He relocated from England to the United States during 1970 and is a naturalized U.S. citizen. He has one child, Rose Fox, who edits science-fiction, fantasy, and horror book reviews. Platt is the nephew of Robert Platt, Baron Platt of Grindleford.", "Q88464": "Dr. Ernst Freiherr von Bibra (9 June 1806 in Schwebheim \u2013 5 June 1878 in Nuremberg) was a German Naturalist (Natural history scientist) and author. Ernst was a botanist, zoologist, metallurgist, chemist, geographer, travel writer, novelist, duellist, art collector and trailblazer in ethnopsychopharmacology.", "Q459226": "Anita Gradin (born 12 August 1933) is a Swedish politician and former Ambassador. \nShe was the Minister with responsibility for immigrant and equality affairs at the Ministry of Labour in Sweden from 1982 to 1986. \nShe was Minister with responsibility for foreign trade at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1986 to 1991. \nFrom 1995 to 1999 she was a member of the European Commission responsible for Immigration, home affairs and justice; relations with the Ombudsman; Financial Control and Fraud prevention.Anita Gradin was President of Socialists International Women and worked against the Trafficking of Women.", "Q215263": "Daniel Clement Dennett III (born March 28, 1942) is an American philosopher, writer, and cognitive scientist whose research centers on the philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, and philosophy of biology, particularly as those fields relate to evolutionary biology and cognitive science.As of 2017, he is the co-director of the Center for Cognitive Studies and the Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy at Tufts University. Dennett is an atheist and secularist, a member of the Secular Coalition for America advisory board, and a member of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, as well as an outspoken supporter of the Brights movement. Dennett is referred to as one of the \"Four Horsemen of New Atheism\", along with Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and the late Christopher Hitchens.Dennett is a member of the editorial board for The Rutherford Journal.", "Q130715": "Isham Green Harris (February 10, 1818 \u2013 July 8, 1897) was an American politician who served as Governor of Tennessee from 1857 to 1862, and as a U.S. Senator from 1877 until his death. He was the state's first governor from West Tennessee. A pivotal figure in the state's history, Harris was considered by his contemporaries the person most responsible for leading Tennessee out of the Union and aligning it with the Confederacy during the Civil War.Harris rose to prominence in state politics in the late 1840s when he campaigned against the anti-slavery initiatives of northern Whigs. He was elected governor amidst rising sectional strife in the late 1850s, and following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, persistently sought to sever the state's ties with the Union. His war-time efforts eventually raised over 100,000 soldiers for the Confederate cause. After the Union Army gained control of Middle and West Tennessee in 1862, Harris spent the remainder of the war on the staffs of various Confederate generals. Following the war, he spent several years in exile in Mexico and England.After returning to Tennessee, Harris became a leader of the state's Bourbon Democrats. During his tenure in the U. S. Senate, he championed states' rights and currency expansion. As the Senate's president pro tempore in the 1890s, Harris led the charge against President Grover Cleveland's attempts to repeal the Sherman Silver Purchase Act.", "Q918195": "Ocala ( oh-KAL-\u0259) is a city in Marion County, Florida, United States, which is part of the northern region of the state. As of the 2018 census, its population, estimated by the United States Census Bureau, was 60,429, making it the 49th most populated city in Florida.It is the seat of Marion County and the principal city of the Ocala, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated 2017 population of 354,353.", "Q1201007": "Christopher Jerrod Dooley Jr., known professionally as Hurricane Chris, is an American rapper from Shreveport, Louisiana. He is a member of the Hoover 19 Park Family Bloods. His commercial debut single was \"A Bay Bay\", and his debut studio album was 51/50 Ratchet (2006).", "Q9049": "Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, cognitive scientist, philosopher, historian, social critic, and political commentator. Sometimes called \"the father of modern linguistics\", Chomsky is also a major figure in analytic philosophy and one of the founders of the field of cognitive science. He holds a joint appointment as Institute Professor Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Laureate Professor at the University of Arizona, and is the author of more than 100 books on topics such as linguistics, war, politics, and mass media. Ideologically, he aligns with anarcho-syndicalism and libertarian socialism.\nBorn to Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants in Philadelphia, Chomsky developed an early interest in anarchism from alternative bookstores in New York City. He studied at the University of Pennsylvania. During his postgraduate work in the Harvard Society of Fellows, Chomsky developed the theory of transformational grammar for which he earned his doctorate in 1955. That year he began teaching at MIT, and in 1957 emerged as a significant figure in linguistics with his landmark work Syntactic Structures, which played a major role in remodeling the study of language. From 1958 to 1959 Chomsky was a National Science Foundation fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study. He created or co-created the universal grammar theory, the generative grammar theory, the Chomsky hierarchy, and the minimalist program. Chomsky also played a pivotal role in the decline of linguistic behaviorism, and was particularly critical of the work of B. F. Skinner.\nAn outspoken opponent of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, which he saw as an act of American imperialism, in 1967 Chomsky rose to national attention for his antiwar essay \"The Responsibility of Intellectuals\". Associated with the New Left, he was arrested multiple times for his activism and placed on President Richard Nixon's Enemies List. While expanding his work in linguistics over subsequent decades, he also became involved in the linguistics wars. In collaboration with Edward S. Herman, Chomsky later articulated the propaganda model of media criticism in Manufacturing Consent and worked to expose the Indonesian occupation of East Timor. His defense of freedom of speech, including Holocaust denial, generated significant controversy in the Faurisson affair of the 1980s. Since retiring from MIT, he has continued his vocal political activism, including opposing the 2003 invasion of Iraq and supporting the Occupy movement. Chomsky began teaching at the University of Arizona in 2017.\nOne of the most cited scholars alive, Chomsky has influenced a broad array of academic fields. He is widely recognized as having helped to spark the cognitive revolution in the human sciences, contributing to the development of a new cognitivistic framework for the study of language and the mind. In addition to his continued scholarship, he remains a leading critic of U.S. foreign policy, neoliberalism and contemporary state capitalism, the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict, and mainstream news media. His ideas have proven highly influential in the anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist movements, but have also drawn criticism, with some accusing Chomsky of anti-Americanism.", "Q74807": "Wolf Wilhelm Friedrich Graf von Baudissin (26 September 1847 \u2013 6 February 1926) was a German Protestant theologian who was a native of Sophienhof, near Kiel.\nBaudissin studied theology and Oriental studies at Berlin, Erlangen, Leipzig and Kiel, earning his doctorate in 1870 at Leipzig, where he worked as privatdocent from 1874 to 1876. In 1876 he was appointed associate professor of theology at the University of Strassburg, where four years later he gained a full professorship.\nIn 1881 he became a professor of Old Testament exegesis at the University of Marburg, where he remained until 1900. From 1900 to 1921 he was a professor at the University of Berlin. He was rector of the university in 1912\u20131913.\nTheologian Franz Delitzsch (1813\u20131890) and Orientalist Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer (1801\u20131888) were major influences in his career.\nBaudissin was a prominent figure in the Religionsgeschichtliche Schule (School of Religious History). He is largely remembered for his work involving analysis of various ancient Semitic faiths in order to clarify the religious meaning of the Biblical Old Testament.\nBaudissin is referenced in Harold Frederic's novel The Damnation of Theron Ware.", "Q1415": "Indiana (listen) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America. Indiana is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11, 1816. Indiana borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north, Ohio to the east, Kentucky to the south and southeast, and Illinois to the west.\nBefore becoming a territory, various indigenous peoples and Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years. Since its founding as a territory, settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected regional cultural segmentation present in the Eastern United States; the state's northernmost tier was settled primarily by people from New England and New York, Central Indiana by migrants from the Mid-Atlantic states and from adjacent Ohio, and Southern Indiana by settlers from the Southern states, particularly Kentucky and Tennessee.Indiana has a diverse economy with a gross state product of $359.12 billion in 2017. Indiana has several metropolitan areas with populations greater than 100,000 and a number of smaller industrial cities and towns. Indiana is home to professional sports teams, including the NFL's Indianapolis Colts and the NBA's Indiana Pacers, and hosts several notable athletic events, including the Indianapolis 500.", "Q2303432": "The University of Oviedo (Spanish: Universidad de Oviedo, Asturian: Universid\u00e1 d'Uvi\u00e9u) is a public university in Asturias (Spain). It is the only university in the region. It has three campus and research centres, located in Oviedo, Gij\u00f3n and Mieres.", "Q18711": "Aston Villa Football Club (nicknamed Villa) is an English professional football club based in Aston, Birmingham. The club competes in the Premier League, the top tier of the English football league system. Founded in 1874, they have played at their home ground, Villa Park, since 1897. Aston Villa were one of the founder members of the Football League in 1888 and of the Premier League in 1992. Villa are one of only five English clubs to have won the European Cup, in 1981\u201382. They have also won the Football League First Division seven times, the FA Cup seven times, the League Cup five times, and the UEFA Super Cup once.\nVilla have a fierce local rivalry with Birmingham City and the Second City derby between the teams has been played since 1879. The club's traditional kit colours are claret shirts with sky blue sleeves, white shorts and sky blue socks. Their traditional club badge is of a rampant lion. The club is currently owned by the NSWE group, a company owned by the Egyptian billionaire Nassef Sawiris and the American billionaire Wes Edens.", "Q60872": "Brigitte Zypries (born 16 November 1953) is a German lawyer and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Between 2017 and 2018, she served as Minister for Economics and Energy in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel; she was the first woman to hold that office in German history.\nZypries had previously been Parliamentary State Secretary since December 2013, charged with the coordination of Germany's aviation and space policies. She was Federal Minister of Justice of Germany from 2002 to 2009 and State Secretary at the Federal Ministry of the Interior from 1998 to 2002.", "Q239951": "Meretz (Hebrew: \u05de\u05b6\u05e8\u05b6\u05e6, lit. \"Vigour\") is a left-wing, social-democratic and green political party in Israel. The party was originally formed in 1992 by the merger of Ratz, Mapam and Shinui, and was at its peak between 1992 and 1996 when it had 12 seats. It is currently has three seats in the Knesset.\nMeretz is a secular party emphasising a two-state solution to the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict, social justice, human rights (especially for religious, ethnic and sexual minorities), religious freedom and environmentalism. The party is a member of the Progressive Alliance and Socialist International, and is an observer member of the Party of European Socialists.", "Q207667": "Charles Goodyear (December 29, 1800 \u2013 July 1, 1860) was an American self-taught chemist and manufacturing engineer who developed vulcanized rubber, for which he received patent number 3633 from the United States Patent Office on June 15, 1844.Goodyear is credited with inventing the chemical process to create and manufacture pliable, waterproof, moldable rubber.Goodyear's discovery of the vulcanization process followed five years of searching for a more stable rubber and stumbling upon the effectiveness of heating after Thomas Hancock. His discovery initiated decades of successful rubber manufacturing in the Lower Naugatuck Valley in Connecticut, as rubber was adopted to multiple applications, including footwear and tires. The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company is named after him.", "Q49238": "Greensboro ( (listen); formerly Greensborough) is a city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is the 3rd-most populous city in North Carolina, the 68th-most populous city in the United States, and the county seat and largest city in Guilford County and the surrounding Piedmont Triad metropolitan region. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 269,666, and in 2018 the estimated population was 294,722. Three major interstate highways (Interstate 40, Interstate 85, and Interstate 73) in the Piedmont region of central North Carolina were built to intersect at this city.\nIn 1808, \"Greensborough\" (the spelling before 1895) was planned around a central courthouse square to succeed Guilford Court House as the county seat. The county courts were thus placed closer to the geographical center of the county, a location more easily reached at the time by the majority of the county's citizens, who depended on horse and foot for travel.\nIn 2003, the previous Greensboro \u2013 Winston-Salem \u2013 High Point metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was re-defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. This region was separated into the Greensboro\u2013High Point MSA and the Winston-Salem MSA. The 2010 population for the Greensboro\u2013High Point MSA was 723,801. The combined statistical area (CSA) of Greensboro\u2013Winston-Salem\u2013High Point, popularly referred to as the Piedmont Triad, had a population of 1,599,477.\nAmong Greensboro's many notable attractions, some of the most popular include the Wet 'n Wild Emerald Pointe water park, the Greensboro Science Center, the International Civil Rights Museum, the Weatherspoon Art Museum, the Greensboro Symphony, the Greensboro Ballet, Triad Stage, the Wyndham Golf Championship, the headquarters of the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Greensboro Coliseum Complex which hosts various sporting events, concerts, and other events, the Greensboro Grasshoppers of the South Atlantic Baseball League, the Carolina Dynamo of the Premier Development Soccer League, the Greensboro Swarm of the NBA G League, the Greensboro Roller Derby, and the National Folk Festival.", "Q4201801": "The Institute of Philosophy was founded as the Institute of Scientific Philosophy in 1921 by Gustav Shpet, who was its first director until 1923. The philosophy department of the University of Moscow had been disbanded in the summer of 1921, however philosophers such as Semyon Frank and Ivan Ilyin attempted to set up temporary courses at the new institute. However, the Bolsheviks soon put a stop to this and Frank and Ilyin where amongst the deportees sent into exile on the philosophers' ships. Shpet's name was put forward for deportation but Anatoli Lunacharsky, the People's Commissar for Education, intervened and he was allowed to remain in Russia.", "Q285116": "Bruce Earl Fairbairn (December 30, 1949 \u2013 May 17, 1999) was a Canadian musician and international record producer from Vancouver, British Columbia. He was active as a producer from 1976 to 1999, and is considered one of the best of his era. His most successful productions are Slippery When Wet and New Jersey by Bon Jovi, Permanent Vacation, Pump, and Get a Grip by Aerosmith, The Razors Edge by AC/DC, and Balance by Van Halen, each of which sold at least five million copies. He was originally a trumpet player, then started a career as a record producer for Canadian rock band Prism. Fairbairn won the Canadian music industry Producer of the Year Juno Award three times. He produced albums for many well-known international artists such as Loverboy, Blue \u00d6yster Cult, Bon Jovi, Poison, Aerosmith, AC/DC, Scorpions, Van Halen, Chicago, The Cranberries, INXS, Kiss and Yes. His style was notable for introducing dynamic horn arrangements into rock music productions. Fairbairn died suddenly on May 17, 1999 due to unknown causes.", "Q5673": "Hans Christian Andersen (, Danish: [\u02c8h\u00e6n\u02c0s \u02c8k\u02b0\u0281estj\u00e6n \u02c8\u0251n\u0250sn\u0329] (listen); 2 April 1805 \u2013 4 August 1875), in Denmark usually called H.C. Andersen, was a Danish author. Although a prolific writer of plays, travelogues, novels, and poems, he is best remembered for his fairy tales. Andersen's popularity is not limited to children; his stories express themes that transcend age and nationality.Andersen's fairy tales, consisting of 3,381 works and translated into more than 125 languages, have become culturally embedded in the West's collective consciousness, readily accessible to children, but presenting lessons of virtue and resilience in the face of adversity for mature readers as well. His most famous fairy tales include \"The Emperor's New Clothes,\" \"The Little Mermaid,\" \"The Nightingale,\" \"The Steadfast Tin Soldier\", \"The Red Shoes\", \"The Princess and the Pea,\" \"The Snow Queen,\" \"The Ugly Duckling,\" \"The Little Match Girl,\" and \"Thumbelina.\" His stories have inspired ballets, plays, and animated and live-action films. One of Copenhagen's widest and busiest boulevards, skirting Copenhagen City Hall Square at the corner of which Andersen's larger-than-life bronze statue sits, is named \"H.C. Andersens Boulevard.\"", "Q154287": "William II (Willem Frederik George Lodewijk, anglicized as William Frederick George Louis; 6 December 1792 \u2013 17 March 1849) was King of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Duke of Limburg.\nWilliam II was the son of William I and Wilhelmine of Prussia. When his father, who up to that time ruled as sovereign prince, proclaimed himself king in 1815, he became Prince of Orange as heir apparent of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. With the abdication of his father on 7 October 1840, William II became king. During his reign, the Netherlands became a parliamentary democracy with the new constitution of 1848.\nWilliam II was married to Anna Pavlovna of Russia. They had four sons and one daughter. William II died on 17 March 1849 and was succeeded by his son William III.", "Q218747": "Honor\u00e9 Gabriel Riqueti, Count of Mirabeau (9 March 1749 \u2013 2 April 1791) was a leader of the early stages of the French Revolution. A noble, he had been involved in numerous scandals before the start of the Revolution in 1789 that had left his reputation in ruins. Nonetheless, he rose to the top of the French political hierarchy in the years 1789\u20131791 and acquired the reputation of a voice of the people. A successful orator, he was the leader of the moderate position among revolutionaries by favoring a constitutional monarchy built on the model of Great Britain. When he died (of natural causes) he was a great national hero, even though support for his moderate position was slipping away. The later discovery that he was in the pay of King Louis XVI and the Austrian enemies of France beginning in 1790 brought him into posthumous disgrace. Historians are deeply split on whether he was a great leader who almost saved the nation from the Terror, a venal demagogue lacking political or moral values, or a traitor in the pay of the enemy.\n\n", "Q155199": "Susan Jane Blackmore (born 29 July 1951) is a British writer, lecturer, sceptic, broadcaster, and a Visiting Professor at the University of Plymouth. Her fields of research include memetics, parapsychology, consciousness, and she is best known for her book The Meme Machine. She has written or contributed to over 40 books and 60 scholarly articles and is a contributor to The Guardian newspaper.", "Q433799": "Gertrud Fridh (26 November 1921 \u2013 11 October 1984) was a Swedish stage and film actress.", "Q352882": "Peyami Safa (April 2, 1899 \u2013 June 15, 1961) was a Turkish journalist, columnist and novelist. He came to the fore in the Turkish literature of the Republican era with his psychological works such as Dokuzuncu Hariciye Ko\u011fu\u015fu (Ninth External Ward). He reflected his life and his changes to his works. He wrote many novels under the pseudonym Server Bedi. He created the type Cing\u00f6z Recai inspired by Ars\u00e8ne Lupin of the French writer Maurice Leblanc. He also worked as a journalist at various institutions and published several magazines such as K\u00fclt\u00fcr Haftas\u0131 with his brother \u0130lhami Safa.\nThe poet Tevfik Fikret named him when he was born. After he lost his father at a young age, he lived under difficult conditions with his mother and brother. Bone tuberculosis appeared on the right arm. He processed his psychology in those years in his autobiographical novel, Ninth External Ward. He gave his first literary products during his education in Vefa High School. He worked as a teacher for a short time. The stories he published under the title Stories of the Century drew attention and received encouraging reactions. He entered pen quarrels with prominent literary writers of the period. He experienced various changes by exhibiting positivist, materialist, mystical, nationalist, conservative, anti-communist and corporatist attitudes. With his knowledge of French, he closely followed Western culture and innovations. In his early days, he made translations from names such as Maupassant and Rousseau. He always chose Istanbul as the venue for his later works and never gave up the synthesis and analysis of the East and the West. He published articles with critical style in newspapers such as Milliyet. His good relationships with N\u00e2z\u0131m Hikmet and Necip Faz\u0131l K\u0131sak\u00fcrek turned into pen fights over time. At first, he became closer to the Republican People's Party, then to the Democratic Party.\nHe continued his literary life, which he started at a young age, until his death. He was mainly nationalist and conservative. Ministry of National Education recommended his two books for secondary school students. His works were also adapted to the cinema and series in various periods.\n\n", "Q1796198": "The Kingdom of C\u00f3rdoba (Spanish: Reino de C\u00f3rdoba; English often: Kingdom of Cordova) was a territorial jurisdiction of the Crown of Castile since 1236 until Javier de Burgos' provincial division of Spain in 1833. This was a \"kingdom\" (\"reino\") in the second sense given by the Diccionario de la lengua espa\u00f1ola de la Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola: the Crown of Castile consisted of several such kingdoms. C\u00f3rdoba was one of the Four Kingdoms of Andalusia. Its extent is detailed in Respuestas Generales del Catastro de Ensenada (1750-54), which was part of the documentation of a census.\nLike the other kingdoms within Spain, the Kingdom of C\u00f3rdoba was abolished by the 1833 territorial division of Spain.", "Q582350": "Septicflesh (formerly known as Septic Flesh) are a Greek death metal band from Athens, founded in 1990.", "Q205058": "Masaru Emoto (\u6c5f\u672c \u52dd, Emoto Masaru, July 22, 1943 \u2013 October 17, 2014) was a Japanese author and pseudo-scientist who said that human consciousness has an effect on the molecular structure of water. Emoto's book The Hidden Messages in Water published in 2004 was a New York Times best seller. Emoto's conjecture evolved over the years, and his early work revolved around pseudo-scientific hypotheses that water could react to positive thoughts and words and that polluted water could be cleaned through prayer and positive visualization.From 1999, Emoto published several volumes of a work entitled Messages from Water, which contain photographs of ice crystals and accompanying experiments.", "Q358439": "Rufus Brown Bullock (March 28, 1834 \u2013 April 27, 1907) was a Republican Party politician and businessman in Georgia. During the Reconstruction Era he served as the state's governor and called for equal economic opportunity and political rights for blacks and whites in Georgia. He also promoted public education for both, and encouraged railroads, banks, and industrial development. During his governorship he requested federal military help to ensure the rights of freedmen; this made him \"the most hated man in the state\", and he had to flee the state without completing his term. After returning to Georgia and being found \"not guilty\" of corruption charges, for three decades afterwards he was an esteemed private citizen.", "Q722162": "Tadeusz So\u0142tyk (born 30 August 1909 in Radom, died 14 July 2004 in Warsaw) was a Polish aircraft designer and aerospace engineer, most famous as the creator of the PZL TS-11 Iskra\nAfter graduating from the Mechanical Department of the Warsaw University of Technology in 1934, he became a designer at the State Aviation Works (PZL). During his tenure at the company, he participated in the development of the PZL 23 Kara\u015b light bomber and its potential successor, the PZL.46 Sum. In 1939 he became a deputy to PZL's Chief Designer, Stanis\u0142aw Prauss. \nDuring the 1939 September Campaign, he fought in the battle of Kock. He was captured there, then escaped and eluded the German occupants by hiding in the countryside.\nAfter the Germans were pushed back from eastern Poland, So\u0142tyk organized, in 1944, the Experimental Aircraft Workshops (LWD) in Lublin. He also became the chief designer in the facility. In 1949 So\u0142tyk took up work at the Institute of Aviation in Warsaw. Since 1952 he managed the newly created design office at the Institute. \n1955 saw the first test flights of the prototype for So\u0142tyk's training aircraft, the PZL TS-8 Bies. The production line for these machines was launched in 1957. The aeroplane won 3 world records in its class. That success allowed So\u0142tyk to work on the first Polish jet aircraft, the PZL TS-11 Iskra, test-flown in 1960. Iskra became the basic jet training plane in Polish military aviation, and was also exported to India. It remains in service with the Polish Air Force. \nFrom 1967 Tadeusz So\u0142tyk started working at the Industrial Institute of Automation and Measurements, specializing in ship automation systems. He never returned to aircraft design. In 1992 he retired.\nTadeusz So\u0142tyk lectured at the \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Gda\u0144sk and Warsaw technical universities and at the Military Technical Academy.", "Q1720564": "Mark Reeder (born 5 January 1958) is a musician and record producer. He grew up in Manchester, England. At a young age, Reeder became interested in progressive rock and especially early electronic music. In his teens, he worked in a small Virgin Records store in Manchester city centre.Reeder has been living and working in Berlin since 1978. He is the founder and owner of the German electronic dance music labels MFS and Flesh. In 1991, Reeder discovered the teenage Paul van Dyk, guiding and paving his way to build up his now international DJ superstardom. Dave Haslam's book Adventures on the Wheels of Steel: The Rise of the Superstar DJs describes how Reeder initiated and successfully outlined van Dyk's early career from 1991 until 1999, and through Reeder's respected status and extensive music industry contacts, van Dyk was able to climb the ladder to success and reach his current superstar status.Reeder's career has spanned more than four decades. He has been a participant and behind the scenes influence for many now-famous artists, spread over a wide cross-section of contemporary musical genres. Due to his extensive knowledge of the music industry, he has participated and chaired panels at various international music conferences since the late 1980s.", "Q1405012": "Heinz Kruse (29 August 1940 \u2013 29 July 2008) was a German opera singer (tenor).", "Q99541": "Nova Meierhenrich (born 25 December 1973 in Ahlen, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German television presenter and actress.\nNova Meierhenrich started her career as a TV-Host on German TV in 1996 and since then has been presenting numerous TV shows and magazines for channels such as MDR, Sat.1, Viva, MTV, RTL2, Pro7, WDR and Premiere. She has also provided coverage of notable events such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes and Grammys Awards. As the presenter on the German version of Fame Academy, in 2003, Meierhenrich was nominated for the Bambi, one of Germanys most precious Awards. \nBesides her work as a TV presenter, she successfully works as an actress for both TV and cinema. She starred in movies such as Der Club der gr\u00fcnen Witwen (ZDF), Nachtspuren, Nick Knatterton, Pro7 M\u00e4rchenstunde (Pro7) and the telenovela Verbotene Liebe (ARD). In 2009 she starred in the drama Unter Bauern \u2013 Retter in der Nacht besides Armin Rohde and Veronica Ferres and shot the Sat.1 movie Sind denn alle M\u00e4nner Schweine? Right after she played the leading role in the TV series Zeit der Entscheidung. In 2010 she starred in the movie Vater Unser and played the leading role in the drama Sterben und sterben lassen, followed by the ZDF series Da kommt Kalle and the ZDF movie Schief gewickelt. On April 4, 2011 the new ZDF series Herzflimmern \u2013 Die Klinik am See airs for the first time, where she took over the leading part of young MD Marie Egger.\nNova Meierhenrich is also very involved with charity work and is a longtime partner of SOS Children's Villages and the rolemodel for several animal rights campaigns like the Anti-Fur campaign with PETA and the whale and dolphin campaign with the WDCS.", "Q1665992": "Muriel Faye \"Mickie\" Siebert (September 12, 1928 \u2013 August 24, 2013) was known as The First Woman of Finance (despite being preceded in owning a brokerage by Victoria Woodhull) because she was the first woman to own a seat on the New York Stock Exchange and was the first woman to head one of the NYSE's member firms. She joined the 1,365 male members of the exchange on December 28, 1967.", "Q9061": "Karl Heinrich Marx (5 May 1818 \u2013 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary.\nBorn in Trier, Germany, Marx studied law and philosophy at university. He married Jenny von Westphalen in 1843. Due to his political publications, Marx became stateless and lived in exile with his wife and children in London for decades, where he continued to develop his thought in collaboration with German thinker Friedrich Engels and publish his writings, researching in the reading room of the British Museum. His best-known titles are the 1848 pamphlet, The Communist Manifesto, and the three-volume Das Kapital. His political and philosophical thought had enormous influence on subsequent intellectual, economic and political history, and his name has been used as an adjective, a noun and a school of social theory.\nMarx's critical theories about society, economics and politics \u2013 collectively understood as Marxism \u2013 hold that human societies develop through class conflict. In capitalism, this manifests itself in the conflict between the ruling classes (known as the bourgeoisie) that control the means of production and the working classes (known as the proletariat) that enable these means by selling their labour power in return for wages. Employing a critical approach known as historical materialism, Marx predicted that, like previous socio-economic systems, capitalism produced internal tensions which would lead to its self-destruction and replacement by a new system known as socialism. \nFor Marx, class antagonisms under capitalism, owing in part to its instability and crisis-prone nature, would eventuate the working class' development of class consciousness, leading to their conquest of political power and eventually the establishment of a classless, communist society constituted by a free association of producers. Marx actively pressed for its implementation, arguing that the working class should carry out organised revolutionary action to topple capitalism and bring about socio-economic emancipation.Marx has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history, and his work has been both lauded and criticised. His work in economics laid the basis for much of the current understanding of labour and its relation to capital, and subsequent economic thought. Many intellectuals, labour unions, artists and political parties worldwide have been influenced by Marx's work, with many modifying or adapting his ideas. Marx is typically cited as one of the principal architects of modern social science.\n\n", "Q4685706": "Adrienne Maloof (born September 4, 1961) is an American businesswoman who owns 2% of the Palms, television personality, shoe designer and co-owner of the various business holdings of Maloof Companies, which include a 2% stake in the Palms Casino Resort in Las Vegas, Nevada; Maloof Productions, Maloof Music and the retired Maloof Money Cup skateboarding event.", "Q1518057": "The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta (often referred to colloquially as Progressive Conservative Party of Alberta) was a provincial centre-right party in the Canadian province of Alberta. The party formed the provincial government, without interruption, from 1971 until the party's defeat in the 2015 provincial election under Premiers Peter Lougheed, Don Getty, Ralph Klein, Ed Stelmach, Alison Redford, Dave Hancock and Jim Prentice. At 44 years, this was the longest unbroken run in government at the provincial or federal level in Canadian history.\nIn July 2017, the party membership of the PC and the Wildrose Party voted to approve a merger to become the United Conservative Party (UCP). Due to previous legal restrictions that did not formally permit parties to merge or transfer their assets, the PC Party and Wildrose Party maintained a nominal existence and ran one candidate each in the 2019 election in order to prevent forfeture of the assets. The UCP government later passed legislation removing the legal restriction for party mergers, and the party officially dissolved on February 7, 2020.", "Q311987": "Robert Fredrick \"Rob\" Paulsen III (born March 11, 1956) is an American voice actor and singer, who has done many voice roles in various films, television shows, and video games, including Raphael and Donatello from the 1987 and 2012 animated series respectively of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles; Yakko Warner, Dr. Otto Scratchansniff, and Pinky from Animaniacs and Pinky and the Brain; Carl Wheezer from Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius and its spin-off television show series The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius; Peck the Rooster from Barnyard and its spin-off television show series Back at the Barnyard; and the title character in The Mask: Animated Series. In total, Paulsen has been the voice of over 250 different animated characters and performed in over 1000 commercials. He received a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program for his role as Pinky, and three Annie Awards.", "Q346607": "Douglas Glenn Colvin (September 18, 1951 \u2013 June 5, 2002), known professionally as Dee Dee Ramone, was an American musician, singer, rapper, and songwriter best known for being a founding member of the punk rock band the Ramones, in which he played bass. Throughout the band's existence, Dee Dee was the band's most prolific lyricist and composer, writing many of their best-known songs, such as \"53rd & 3rd\", \"Commando\", \"Wart Hog\", \"Rockaway Beach\", \"Poison Heart\" and \"Bonzo Goes To Bitburg\" (also known as \"My Brain Is Hanging Upside Down\"). The latter won the New York Music Award for best independent single of the year in 1986, while Animal Boy, which the song is from, won for best album.\nDee Dee was initially the band's lead vocalist, though his (then) inability to sing and play bass at the same time resulted in original drummer Joey Ramone taking over the lead vocalist duties (however, he still sang lead vocals in the band on occasion). Dee Dee was the band's bassist and songwriter from 1974 until 1989, when he left to pursue a short-lived career in hip hop music under the name Dee Dee King. He soon returned to his punk roots and released three solo albums featuring brand-new songs, many of which were later recorded by the Ramones. He toured the world playing his new songs, Ramones songs and some old favorites in small clubs, and continued to write songs for the Ramones until 1996, when the band retired.\nDee Dee was addicted to drugs for much of his life, particularly heroin. He began using drugs as a teenager and continued to use for the majority of his adult life. He appeared clean in the early 1990s but began using heroin again sometime later. He died on June 5, 2002 after overdosing on the drug.", "Q204346": "The Zindlenspitz (2,097 m) is a mountain of the Schwyzer Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Schwyz and Glarus. It lies on the range between the W\u00e4gitalersee and the Obersee, south of the Br\u00fcnnelistock.", "Q1294222": "Edward van de Vendel (born 1 August 1964) is a Dutch writer of children's literature.", "Q49210": "New York University (NYU) is a private research university based in New York City. Founded in 1831 by Albert Gallatin as an institution to \"admit based upon merit rather than birthright or social class\", NYU's historical campus is in Greenwich Village. NYU is tied for 29th among undergraduate colleges in the United States by U.S. News & World Report, and 27th in the world by Times Higher Education. NYU is highly selective, admitting only 15% of more than 85,000 applicants to the class of 2024.NYU is the largest independent research university in the United States, but also has degree-granting campuses in Abu Dhabi and Shanghai, and academic centers in Accra, Berlin, Buenos Aires, Florence, London, Los Angeles, Madrid, Paris, Prague, Sydney, Tel Aviv, and Washington, D.C. NYU is organized into 25 schools, including 10 undergraduate school and numerous graduate schools. The university has numerous research efforts, including research partnerships with the Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence and with major technology firms like Twitter and IBM. The university has also since launched various internal research centers in the fields of artificial intelligence, history, culture, medicine, mathematics, philosophy, and economics. NYU is one of the top feeder schools for careers in finance and investment banking on Wall Street, accounting for 3.9% of hires in major financial institutions.NYU is labeled as one of the \"New Ivies\", and was ranked as America's \"#1 dream school\" by the Princeton Review from 2004 to 2007. The university's medical school, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, became tuition-free to all students in 2018, regardless of need or merit, becoming the only national top 10 medical school (NYU is ranked #4 for research in the nation) in the nation to offer it. The university's other graduate schools are also highly ranked, including NYU School of Law as the 6th best law school in the nation, the Stern School of Business as the 10th best business school in the nation, the Tisch School of Arts as the 2nd best film school in the nation, and the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences as the 9th best mathematics school (1st for applied mathematics) in the nation. NYU's College of Arts and Science also holds the 11th best economics department in the nation, 12th best political science department in the nation, and the #1 ranked philosophy department in the world.Alumni include heads of state, royalty, a US Supreme Court justice, 5 State Governors, 17 billionaires, founders and CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, astronauts, actors/actresses, singers, songwriters, filmmakers, and Time 100 notables. The university also has the 5th highest number of alumni worth $30 million or more. As of October 2019, 37 Nobel Laureates, 8 Turing Award winners, 5 Fields Medalists, over 30 Academy Award winners, over 30 Pulitzer Prize winners, 7 Lasker Award winners, multiple Abel Prize and Crafoord Prizes winners and MacArthur fellows, and hundreds of Guggenheim Fellows and members of the National Academies of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, United States Congress, and U.S. diplomats have been affiliated as faculty or alumni. The university is also affiliated with multiple Rhode Scholars, Marshal Scholars, Schwarzman Scholars, and a Mitchell Scholar, with NYU Abu Dhabi producing more Rhodes Scholars per student than any university with over 14 Rhodes Scholars in 7 years.\n\n", "Q135645": "Walther Rathenau (29 September 1867 \u2013 24 June 1922) was a German industrialist, writer and liberal politician.\nDuring the First World War, he was involved in the organization of the German war economy. After the war, Rathenau served as German Foreign Minister during the Weimar Republic.\nRathenau initiated the Treaty of Rapallo, which removed major obstacles to trading with Soviet Russia. Although Russia was already aiding Germany's secret rearmament programme, right-wing nationalist groups branded Rathenau a revolutionary, when he was in fact a moderate liberal who openly condemned Soviet methods. They also resented his background as a successful Jewish businessman.Two months after signing the treaty, he was assassinated in Berlin by the right-wing terrorist group Organisation Consul. Some members of the public viewed Rathenau as a democratic martyr until the Nazis banned all commemorations of him.", "Q85168": "Michael Schnitzler (August 7, 1944, Berkeley) is an Austrian American ecologist and musician.", "Q259055": "Kristinia Jamie DeBarge (; born March 8, 1990) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actress. DeBarge first appeared on national television in 2003 as a contestant on the American Idol spin-off, American Juniors. In 2009, DeBarge signed a contract with the Island Records department Sodapop, releasing her debut album, Exposed, in July of the same year.", "Q18739": "Sunderland Association Football Club ( (listen), locally ) is an English professional football club based in the city of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear. Sunderland play in League One, the third tier of English football. Since its formation in 1879, the club has won six top-flight (First Division, now the Premier League) titles (1892, 1893, 1895, 1902, 1913 and 1936), a total only bettered by five other clubs, and has finished runners-up five times. The club has also won the FA Cup twice (1937 and 1973) and been runners-up twice (1913 and 1992), as well as winning the FA Charity Shield in 1936 and being finalists the following year. Sunderland have also been Football League Cup finalists in 1985 and 2014.\nSunderland play their home games at the 49,000-capacity all-seater Stadium of Light having moved from Roker Park in 1997. The original ground capacity was 42,000 which was increased to 49,000 following expansion in 2000. Sunderland have a long-standing rivalry with their neighbouring club Newcastle United, with whom they have contested the Tyne\u2013Wear derby since 1898.", "Q720775": "Samuel Untermyer (March 6, 1858 \u2013 March 16, 1940, although some sources cite March 2, 1858, and even others, June 6, 1858) was a prominent American lawyer and civic leader. He is also remembered for bequeathing his Yonkers, New York estate, now known as Untermyer Park, to the people of New York State.", "Q333298": "William Martin Murphy (6 January 1845 \u2013 26 June 1919) was an Irish businessman, newspaper publisher and politician. A member of parliament (MP) representing Dublin from 1885 to 1892, he was dubbed \"William Murder Murphy\" among Dublin workers and the press due to the Dublin Lockout of 1913. He was arguably both Ireland's first \"press baron\" and the leading promoter of tram development.\n\n", "Q548471": "Viktor Mikhailovich Chernov (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432; December 7, 1873 \u2013 April 15, 1952) was a Russian revolutionary and one of the founders of the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party. He was the primary party theoretician or the 'brain' of the party, and was more analyst than political leader. Following the February Revolution of 1917, Chernov was Minister for Agriculture in the Russian Provisional Government. Later on, he was Chairman of the Russian Constituent Assembly.\n\n", "Q332186": "Luke Jordan (January 28, 1892 \u2013 June 25, 1952) was an American blues guitarist and vocalist of some renown, particularly in the area of his home, in Lynchburg, Virginia.", "Q216742": "Jens Fink-Jensen (born 19 December 1956) is a Danish poet, author, photographer, composer and architect.", "Q800080": "A&M Octone Records was an American record label owned as a joint venture between Universal Music Group and Octone Records. A full-service artist development label, it was founded in 2007 as a merger between Octone and Interscope Geffen A&M's defunct A&M Records label. For its six years of existence, A&M Octone operated music publishing, merchandising, and touring entities, in addition to specializing in recorded music.\nIn September 2013, Octone initiated its buy/sell rights in the joint venture, resulting in Interscope Geffen A&M purchasing Octone's 50% interest in A&M Octone, with Interscope absorbing and restructuring its artist roster in 2014.", "Q240504": "Mak\u00f3 ([\u02c8m\u0252ko\u02d0], German: Makowa, Yiddish: \u05de\u05d0\u05b7\u05e7\u05d0\u05b8\u05d5\u05d5\u05e2\u200e Makowe, Romanian: Mac\u01ceu, Slovak: Makov) is a town in Csongr\u00e1d County, in southeastern Hungary, 10 km (6 mi) from the Romanian border. It lies on the Mure\u0219 River. Mak\u00f3 is home to 23,272 people and it has an area of 229.23 square kilometres (88.51 square miles), of which 196.8 km2 (76.0 sq mi) is arable land. Mak\u00f3 is the fourth-largest town in Csongr\u00e1d County after Szeged, H\u00f3dmez\u0151v\u00e1s\u00e1rhely and Szentes. The town is 28.6 km (17.8 mi) from H\u00f3dmez\u0151v\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, 36.2 km (22.5 mi) from Szeged, 75.4 km (46.9 mi) from Arad, 85 km (52.8 mi) from Gyula, 93.5 km (58.1 mi) from Timi\u0219oara (Temesv\u00e1r), and 200 km (124 mi) from Budapest.\nThe climate is warmer than anywhere else in Hungary, with hot, dry summers. The town is noted for its onion which is a hungarikum, the spa and the thermal bath. The Mak\u00f3 International Onion Festival, the largest of its kind, is held annually. Mak\u00f3 is a popular tourist destination in Hungary.\nThe Mak\u00f3 gas field, located near the town, is the largest natural gas field in Central Europe. The gas volume is more than 600 billion cubic metres (21 trillion cubic feet), according to a report by the Scotia Group.\nThe town's floodplain forests are protected as part of K\u00f6r\u00f6s-Maros National Park.", "Q1638459": "Alec Nigel Broers, Baron Broers, (born 17 September 1938) is a British electrical engineer.", "Q508733": "The Italian Liberal Party (Italian: Partito Liberale Italiano, PLI) was a liberal and conservative political party in Italy.\nThe PLI, which is the heir of the liberal currents of both the Historical Right and the Historical Left, was a minor party after World War II, but also a frequent junior party in government, especially since 1979.", "Q172268": "Timothy Andrew Mayer (February 22, 1938 \u2013 February 28, 1964) was a racecar driver from Dalton, Pennsylvania in the United States. He participated in one World Championship Formula One Grand Prix, on October 7, 1962. He retired with ignition failure and scored no championship points.", "Q84510": "Willi Domgraf-Fassbaender (19 February 1897, Aachen - 13 February 1978, Nuremberg) was a German operatic baritone, particularly associated with Mozart and Verdi roles. He is considered to have been one of the best lyric baritones of the inter-war period.\n\n", "Q778278": "Murderdolls were an American horror punk and heavy metal band, founded during 2002 in Hollywood, California. The band line-up consisted of core members Wednesday 13 and Joey Jordison, while former members included Ben Graves, Acey Slade, Eric Griffin and Tripp Eisen.\nThe band has released two albums, the first in the form of Beyond the Valley of the Murderdolls which was released in 2002. The band had limited initial success in the United States, though their album and singles charted well in the United Kingdom and around the same time they picked up a strong following in Japan. Their second album, Women and Children Last, was released August 31, 2010. Wednesday 13 confirmed the band's split in an interview in July 2013.", "Q4223": "Julian Dana William McMahon (born 27 July 1968) is an Australian\u2013American actor and model, and the son of a former Prime Minister of Australia, Sir William McMahon.\nMcMahon won recognition for his roles in television dramas, in portrayals of Ben Lucini in the Australian soap opera Home and Away (1989\u201391), Detective John Grant in the American crime drama Profiler (1996-2000), Cole Turner in the American supernatural drama Charmed (2000\u201303), and Christian Troy in the American medical drama Nip/Tuck (2003\u201310). He also appeared in films with leading and supporting roles, such as Chasing Sleep (2000) alongside Jeff Daniels, Doctor Doom in the Fantastic Four franchise (2005 and 2007), Premonition (2007) starring alongside Sandra Bullock, Red (2010) alongside Bruce Willis, and Bait (2012) alongside Dan Wyllie and Xavier Samuel.\nMcMahon's work in television, particularly with Nip/Tuck and Charmed garnered him more success. The former series won an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award. McMahon played the lead role in Nip/Tuck, alongside Dylan Walsh throughout the entire series' run. He also played Jonah on Marvel's Runaways. He currently stars as Jess LaCroix on the CBS crime drama FBI: Most Wanted.", "Q219317": "The University of Pavia (Italian: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia, UNIPV or Universit\u00e0 di Pavia; Latin: Alma Ticinensis Universitas) is a university located in Pavia, Lombardy, Italy. There was evidence of teaching as early as 1361, making it one of the oldest universities in the world. It was the sole university in Milan and the greater Lombardy region until the end of the 19th century.Currently, it has 18 departments and 9 faculties. It doesn't have a main campus, its buildings and facilities are scattered around the city, earning the city of Pavia its title \"a city campus\". The university caters to more than 20,000 students who come from Italy and all over the world.\nThe university offers more than 80 undergraduate programs, over than 40 master programs and about 20 doctoral programs, including 8 English programs. About 1,500 students who enter the university every year are international students.The university operates multiple cultural and scientific museums, including the University History Museum, a botanical garden, research centers, university libraries and a university press. The university is also affiliated with Policlinico San Matteo, where every year, hundreds of medical students from the university perform clinical rotations during their clinical years.\nThe University of Pavia is a member of the COIMBRA Group and European University Association. It also participates in the Erasmus Programme, which allows student exchanges between the University of Pavia and various universities in Europe.", "Q1648800": "Daniel John Erlandsson (born 22 May 1976) is a Swedish musician, best known as the drummer in the melodic death metal band Arch Enemy and Brujeria.\nHis early work includes drumming on the In Flames album Subterranean. He has also played for other bands, most notably Eucharist, Liers in Wait, Diabolique, Armageddon (featuring Christopher Amott of Arch Enemy), Revengia and The End.\nErlandsson was born in Malm\u00f6. His older brother is Adrian Erlandsson, the drummer of At the Gates, The Haunted, Brujeria, Paradise Lost and Vallenfyre and the former drummer of Cradle of Filth. They both grew up together in Sweden and started playing drums at a very young age. Daniel writes on the Arch Enemy website: \"We grew up together and used to jam on a little kit in our parents basement, he started first and after some years I started too... He\u2019s been a great influence over the years, and if it wasn't for him I probably wouldn\u2019t be playing today.\"\nHe formerly played reunion shows with legendary grindcore band Carcass from 2007-2010 as their original drummer Ken Owen could not play due to complications from a brain hemorrhage he had in 1999. Both he and fellow Arch Enemy member Michael Amott left the band in 2012, with Erlandsson being replaced by former Aborted and current Trigger the Bloodshed drummer Daniel Wilding.\nIn 2012, he was hired by the band Brujeria, under the name \"El Clavador\".", "Q354565": "Boyd Byron Bennett (December 7, 1924 \u2013 June 2, 2002) was an American rockabilly songwriter and singer.\nHis two biggest hit singles, both written with John F Young and performed by him (Boyd) were \"Seventeen\" with his band, the Rockets (U.S. No. 5), (U.S. R&B No. 7), as well as No. 16 on the UK Singles Chart.; and \"My Boy, Flat Top\" (U.S. No. 39). He later became a disc jockey in Kentucky. He also worked with Francis Craig and Moon Mullican.Bennett was inducted into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame for his contribution to the genre.", "Q529925": "Magn\u00fas \u00d6rn Eyj\u00f3lfsson Scheving (Icelandic: [\u02c8maknu\u02d0s \u02c8sc\u025b\u02d0vi\u014bk]; born 10 November 1964) is an Icelandic writer, entrepreneur, producer, actor and athlete. He is the creator, director, and star of the children's television show LazyTown, in which he portrayed the character Sportacus.", "Q405565": "Aim\u00e9e Rachel Osbourne (born 2 September 1983) is an English-American actress and musician. She is the eldest daughter of Ozzy and Sharon Osbourne. While her siblings Jack and Kelly achieved pop culture fame for appearing in the family's MTV reality series The Osbournes, the more private Aim\u00e9e declined to appear on the show, feeling that doing so would typecast her and affect her musical career. She has expressed discomfort with some of her parents' behavior on television.", "Q55078625": "Gabrielle Bloch (February 17, 1870 \u2013 July 14, 1961), known professionally as Gab Sor\u00e8re, was a French art promoter, set designer, mechanical innovator, filmmaker and choreographer of the Belle \u00c9poque. Collaborating with her partner, Lo\u00efe Fuller, to explore illusion through luminescence, she produced films and choreographies which moved performance from dancers being lighted to the abstract vision of lights dancing. When Fuller died, Sor\u00e8re inherited the dance troupe and laboratory of her partner and strove to keep her legacy as a visual effects artist alive. She continued to produce innovative productions utilizing fluorescence and light into the 1950s.", "Q66595": "Therwil (Swiss German: D\u00e4rwyl) is a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q345468": "Thomas Edwin Mix (born Thomas Hezikiah Mix; January 6, 1880 \u2013 October 12, 1940) was an American film actor and the star of many early Western movies between 1909 and 1935. Mix appeared in 291 films, all but nine of which were silent movies. He was Hollywood's first Western star and helped define the genre as it emerged in the early days of the cinema.", "Q558104": "Alan Lomax (; January 31, 1915 \u2013 July 19, 2002) was an American ethnomusicologist, best known for his numerous field recordings of folk music of the 20th century. He was also a musician himself, as well as a folklorist, archivist, writer, scholar, political activist, oral historian, and film-maker. Lomax produced recordings, concerts, and radio shows in the US and in England, which played an important role in preserving folk music traditions in both countries, and helped start both the American and British folk revivals of the 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s. He collected material first with his father, folklorist and collector John A. Lomax, and later alone and with others, Lomax recorded thousands of songs and interviews for the Archive of American Folk Song, of which he was the director, at the Library of Congress on aluminum and acetate discs.\nAfter 1942, when Congress cut off the Library of Congress's funding for folk song collecting, Lomax continued to collect independently in Britain, Ireland, the Caribbean, Italy, and Spain, as well as the United States, using the latest recording technology, assembling an enormous collection of American and international culture. In March 2004 the material captured and produced without Library of Congress funding was acquired by the Library, which \"brings the entire seventy years of Alan Lomax's work together under one roof at the Library of Congress, where it has found a permanent home.\" With the start of the Cold War, Lomax continued to speak out for a public role for folklore, even as academic folklorists turned inward. He devoted much of the latter part of his life to advocating what he called Cultural Equity, which he sought to put on a solid theoretical foundation through to his Cantometrics research (which included a prototype Cantometrics-based educational program, the Global Jukebox). In the 1970s and 1980s Lomax advised the Smithsonian Institution's Folklife Festival and produced a series of films about folk music, American Patchwork, which aired on PBS in 1991. In his late seventies, Lomax completed a long-deferred memoir, The Land Where the Blues Began (1995), linking the birth of the blues to debt peonage, segregation, and forced labor in the American South.\nLomax's greatest legacy is in preserving and publishing recordings of musicians in many folk and blues traditions around the US and Europe. Among the artists Lomax is credited with discovering and bringing to a wider audience include blues guitarist Robert Johnson, protest singer Woody Guthrie, folk artist Pete Seeger, country musician Burl Ives, and country blues singer Lead Belly, among many others. \"Alan scraped by the whole time, and left with no money,\" said Don Fleming, director of Lomax's Association for Culture Equity. \"He did it out of the passion he had for it, and found ways to fund projects that were closest to his heart.\"", "Q78973": "Erwin Kr\u00e4utler C.Pp.S. (born 12 July 1939 in Koblach, Austria) is a Roman Catholic bishop who headed the Territorial Prelature of Xingu from 1981 until 2015.", "Q92372": "Paul Nikolaus Cossmann (April 6, 1869\u2013October 19, 1942) was a German journalist.", "Q493261": "Walnut Creek is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States, located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, about 16 miles (26 km) east of the city of Oakland. With a total estimated population of 69,122, Walnut Creek serves as a hub for its neighboring cities because of its location at the junction of the highways from Sacramento and San Jose (I-680) and San Francisco/Oakland (SR-24) and its accessibility by BART. Its active downtown neighborhood features hundred-year-old buildings and extensive high-end retail establishments, restaurants and entertainment venues.", "Q299271": "Bahram V (Middle Persian: \ud802\udf65\ud802\udf6b\ud802\udf67\ud802\udf6b\ud802\udf60\ud802\udf6d\u200e Wahr\u0101m), also known as Bahram Gor (Persian: \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0648\u0631\u200e, \"Bahram the onager\") was the fifteenth king (shah) of the Sasanian Empire, ruling from 420 to 438.\nThe son of Yazdegerd I, Bahram was exiled at an early age to the Lahkmid court in al-Hira, where he was raised under the tutelage of the Lakhmid kings. After the assassination of Yazdegerd I, Bahram hurried to the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon with a Lakhmid army, and won the favour of the nobles and priests, according to a long-existing popular legend, after withstanding a trial against two lions.\nBahram V's reign was generally peaceful, with two brief wars\u2014first against his western neighbours, the Eastern Roman Empire, and then against his eastern neighbours, the Hephthalites, who were disturbing the Sasanian eastern provinces. It was also during his reign that the Arsacid line of Armenia was replaced by a marzban (governor of a frontier province, \"margrave\"), which marked the start of a new era in Armenia, known in Armenian historiography as the \"Marzpanate period\".\nBahram V is a central figure in several of the most famous works in Persian literature. He is mentioned in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh (\"Book of Kings\") written between 977 and 1010, and he is the protagonist of Nizami Ganjavi's romantic epic Haft Peykar (also known as the \"Bahramnameh\"), written in 1197. The Seven Beauties were princesses, which\u2014in Nizami's imagination\u2014became Bahram's wives and received each their own residence in his palace. He visited them on a rotating basis, and they entertained him with exciting stories. He is also the focal point in the Hasht-Bihisht (\"Eight Paradises\"), written by Amir Khusrow in ca. 1302.\nBahram V is remembered as one of the most famous kings in Iranian history, due to his cancellation of taxes and public debt at celebratory events, his encouragement of musicians, and his enjoyment of hunting. However, albeit he is revered in many historical tales as a bold, vivid, and suited ruler, his reign may be considered the start of the decline of the Sasanian Empire, which lasted until the reign of Kavad I (r. 488\u2013496 & 498\u2013531), when the empire experienced a resurgence.", "Q764889": "Hala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine.\nMuntaha, a novel published in 1995, is set in the fictional village of Muntaha in the Nile Delta. Imra'atun ma (A Certain Woman), Hala El Badry's fourth book, was named best novel of 2001 at the Cairo International Book Fair.", "Q824888": "Bernhard Diebold (born Bernhard Dreifus: 6 January 1886 - 9 August 1945) was a Swiss theatre critic and writer.\n\n", "Q1807298": "Lauda Air Luftfahrt GmbH, branded as Lauda Air, was an Austrian airline headquartered at Vienna International Airport in Schwechat. It was owned by Niki Lauda during much of its existence, later becoming a charter airline subsidiary for leisure operations of Austrian Airlines. On 6 April 2013, Lauda Air ceased to exist and was replaced by Austrian myHoliday, a new brand name that is used for flights and leisure offers provided by Austrian Airlines.", "Q939615": "George Leonardos (Greek: \u0393\u03b9\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u039b\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2; born 1937) is a Greek author of historical novels.", "Q126639": "Heinz Oskar Vetter (21 October 1917 \u2013 18 October 1990) was a German trade union leader and politician.\nBorn in Bochum, Vetter completed an apprenticeship as a locksmith, before becoming a machinist at a coal mine. He served in the Luftwaffe during World War II, before returning to mining. He joined the Union of Mining and Energy (IG BE), and became a union representative, working full-time for the union from 1952. In 1953, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany.In 1960, Vetter was elected to the executive of IG BE, and in 1964 he became its vice-president. In 1969, he left, to become president of the German Trade Union Confederation, serving until 1982. From 1974 until 1979, he additionally served as president of the European Trade Union Confederation, and from 1979 to 1989 he served in the European Parliament.", "Q601977": "Pedro Henrique \"Kiko\" Loureiro (born 16 June 1972) is a Brazilian heavy metal guitarist, best known as a member of the heavy metal bands Angra and Megadeth.", "Q253578": "Rosalind Chao (born September 23, 1957) is an American actress. Chao's best-known roles have been in the mid-1980s CBS show AfterMASH portraying Klinger's South Korean wife Soon-Lee, Rose Hsu Jordan in the 1993 movie The Joy Luck Club, the recurring character Keiko O'Brien on Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine in the 1990s, and Dr. Kim on The O.C. in 2003.", "Q4670599": "Abul Khair Litu (born 7 October 1950) is a Bangladeshi industrialist and entrepreneur. He is known for his involvement in the promotion of the country's culture, art, music, theatre and literature.", "Q128614": "John George Diefenbaker (; September 18, 1895 \u2013 August 16, 1979) was the 13th prime minister of Canada from 1957 to 1963. Between 1930 and 1979, he was the only federal Progressive Conservative (PC or Tory) leader to lead the party to an election victory, doing so three times, although only once with a majority of seats in the House of Commons of Canada.\nDiefenbaker was born in southwestern Ontario in the small town of Neustadt in 1895. In 1903, his family migrated west to the portion of the North-West Territories which would soon become the province of Saskatchewan. He grew up in the province and was interested in politics from a young age. After brief service in World War I, Diefenbaker became a noted criminal defence lawyer. He contested elections through the 1920s and 1930s with little success until he was finally elected to the House of Commons in 1940.\nDiefenbaker was repeatedly a candidate for the PC leadership. He gained that party position in 1956, on his third attempt. In 1957, he led the Tories to their first electoral victory in 27 years; a year later he called a snap election and spearheaded them to one of their greatest triumphs. Diefenbaker appointed the first female minister in Canadian history to his Cabinet, as well as the first aboriginal member of the Senate. During his six years as Prime Minister, his government obtained passage of the Canadian Bill of Rights and granted the vote to the First Nations and Inuit peoples. In foreign policy, his stance against apartheid helped secure the departure of South Africa from the Commonwealth of Nations, but his indecision on whether to accept Bomarc nuclear missiles from the United States led to his government's downfall. Diefenbaker is also remembered for his role in the 1959 cancellation of the Avro Arrow project.\nFactionalism returned in full force as the Progressive Conservatives fell from power in 1963, and while Diefenbaker's performance as Opposition Leader was heralded, his second loss at the polls prompted opponents within the party force him to a leadership convention in 1967. Diefenbaker stood for re-election as party leader at the last moment, but only attracted minimal support and withdrew. He remained an MP until his death in 1979, two months after Joe Clark became the first Tory Prime Minister since Diefenbaker.\n\n", "Q12214": "Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980. The risk of death following contracting the disease was about 30%, with higher rates among babies. Often those who survived had extensive scarring of their skin, and some were left blind.The initial symptoms of the disease included fever and vomiting. This was followed by formation of sores in the mouth and a skin rash. Over a number of days the skin rash turned into characteristic fluid-filled bumps with a dent in the center. The bumps then scabbed over and fell off, leaving scars. The disease was spread between people or via contaminated objects. Prevention was by the smallpox vaccine. Once the disease had developed, certain antiviral medication may have helped.The origin of smallpox is unknown. The earliest evidence of the disease dates to the 3rd century BCE in Egyptian mummies. The disease historically occurred in outbreaks. In 18th-century Europe, it is estimated 400,000 people per year died from the disease, and one-third of the cases resulted in blindness. These deaths included six monarchs. Smallpox is estimated to have killed up to 300 million people in the 20th century and around 500 million people in the last 100 years of its existence. As recently as 1967, 15 million cases occurred a year.Inoculation for smallpox appears to have started in China around the 1500s. Europe adopted this practice from Asia in the first half of the 18th century. In 1796 Edward Jenner introduced the modern smallpox vaccine. In 1967, the WHO intensified efforts to eliminate the disease. Smallpox is one of two infectious diseases to have been eradicated, the other being rinderpest in 2011. The term \"smallpox\" was first used in Britain in the early 16th century to distinguish the disease from syphilis, which was then known as the \"great pox\". Other historical names for the disease include pox, speckled monster, and red plague.", "Q337940": "Fun in Acapulco is a 1963 American musical comedy film starring Elvis Presley and Ursula Andress.\nThe film featured the Top 10 Billboard hit \"Bossa Nova Baby\" and reached No. 1 on the national weekly box office charts a week after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas. The film would be Presley's last release before the arrival of Beatlemania. It was the top-grossing movie musical of 1963.", "Q74191": "Evelyne Gebhardt (born 19 January 1954) is a German politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Party of European Socialists.\nHer main interests are bio-ethics, consumer protection and citizens' rights.", "Q441327": "Manohla June Dargis (; born April 7, 1961) is an American film critic. She is one of the chief film critics for The New York Times, along with A. O. Scott. She is a five-time finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism.", "Q1103858": "Cl\u00e1udio Franco de S\u00e1 Santoro (23 November 1919 \u2013 27 March 1989) was an internationally renowned Brazilian composer, conductor and violinist.", "Q336486": "Ian Hart (born Ian Davies; 1964) is an English actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles as Rabbit in the Channel Four drama miniseries One Summer (1983), Joe O'Reilly in the biopic Michael Collins (1996), Quirinus Quirrell in the fantasy film Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001), and Kester Gill in the E4 series My Mad Fat Diary (2013\u20132015).", "Q636103": "Don Carlos a.k.a. Don McCarlos (born Euvin Spencer, 29 June 1952) is a Jamaican reggae singer and composer.", "Q316756": "Jonathan Adam Saunders Baruchel (; born April 9, 1982) is a Canadian actor, director, stand-up comedian and screenwriter. He is known for his voice role as Hiccup in the How to Train Your Dragon franchise, and for his roles in comedy movies such as Knocked Up, Tropic Thunder, Fanboys, She's Out of My League, Goon, This Is the End and the action-fantasy film The Sorcerer's Apprentice. He played lead character Josh Greenberg in the FXX comedy television series Man Seeking Woman and played the lead character Steven Karp in Judd Apatow's comedy series Undeclared.", "Q99233": "Arthur Lieutenant (9 September 1884 \u2013 10 October 1968) was a German Liberal politician.\nHis political career peaked and crashed in the late 1940s when he found himself on the losing side as the newly established German Democratic Republic reverted to one-party government.", "Q215539": "The Moscow Conservatory, also officially Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c. \u041f. \u0418. \u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e) is an educational music institution located in Moscow, Russia. It grants undergraduate and graduate diplomas in musical performance and musical research. The conservatory offers various degrees including Bachelor of Music Performance, Master of Music and PhD in research.", "Q2069109": "Harry M\u00e4nnil (May 17, 1920 \u2013 January 11, 2010), also known as Harry Mannil Laul, was an Estonian businessman, art collector, and cultural benefactor in several countries.\nM\u00e4nnil was born in Tallinn, Estonia. As a result of World War II he moved to Venezuela in 1946, where he lived for the rest of his life. He was a successful businessman and part owner of ACO Group, a large Venezuelan conglomerate. He formed his own company Grupo Oriand in 1994. At the time of the restoration of Estonian independence, M\u00e4nnil got involved in Estonian matters, actively interacting with politicians Vaino V\u00e4ljas and Edgar Savisaar, and acting as an advisor during latter's prime minister term.\nHarry M\u00e4nnil was an active art collector and philanthropist, especially noted for his collection of pre-Columbian art. His art related activities included serving as director of Caracas Athenaeum in Venezuela, and as advisor for the Museum of Modern Art in New York. He also founded Eduard Wiiralt Gallery in Estonian National Library.", "Q4524602": "Eduard Volodymyrovych Shifrin (Ukrainian: \u0415\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0456\u043d; Russian: \u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0434 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d; born 12 July 1960) is a Ukrainian-Russian entrepreneur who is a co-owner of the Midland Group. He is a resident in London.", "Q503672": "Magnus Gustaf Adolf Lindberg (born 27 June 1958) is a Finnish composer and pianist. He was the New York Philharmonic's composer-in-residence from 2009 to 2012 and has been the London Philharmonic Orchestra's composer-in-residence since the beginning of the 2014\u201315 season.", "Q722610": "Carlo Ripa di Meana (15 August 1929 \u2013 2 March 2018) was an Italian politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament, a European Commissioner with portfolio for the environment and was environment minister of Italy. He was the leader of the Italian Greens and president of the organization Italia Nostra.", "Q280734": "John Ro Myung (; born January 24, 1967) is a Korean American bassist and a founding member of the progressive metal group Dream Theater.", "Q1173373": "David Wakeling (born 19 February 1956 in Birmingham, England) is an English ska musician, known for his work with the band the Beat (known in North America as the English Beat), and General Public.", "Q137720": "Isa Pola (19 December 1909 \u2013 17 December 1984) was an Italian stage and film actress. She appeared in more than 30 films during her career. One of her early screen roles was the female lead in Steel (1933), a realist film set in the steelworking industry.", "Q350717": "Michael David Apted, (born 10 February 1941) is an English director, producer, writer and actor. One of the most prolific English film directors of his generation, he is known for directing: the Up series (1964\u2013), the James Bond film The World Is Not Enough (1999) as well as Coal Miner's Daughter (1980), which received seven Academy Award nominations including for the Best Picture, and Nell (1994), which received three Golden Globe Award and one Academy Award nomination.\nOn 29 June 2003, he was elected president of the Directors' Guild of America. He returned to television, directing the first three episodes of the TV series Rome (2005). Apted directed Amazing Grace which premiered at the closing of the Toronto International Film Festival in 2006. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 2008 Birthday Honours.", "Q93078": "Daniel Alan Spielman (born March 1970 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) has been a professor of applied mathematics and computer science at Yale University since 2006. As of 2018, he is the Sterling Professor of Computer Science at Yale. He is also the Co-Director of the Yale Institute for Network Science, since its founding, and chair of the newly established Department of Statistics and Data Science.", "Q19355": "Life Is Beautiful (Italian: La vita \u00e8 bella, Italian pronunciation: [la \u02c8vi\u02d0ta \u02c8\u025b \u02c8b\u025blla]) is a 1997 Italian comedy-drama film directed by and starring Roberto Benigni, who co-wrote the film with Vincenzo Cerami. Benigni plays Guido Orefice, a Jewish Italian bookshop owner, who employs his fertile imagination to shield his son from the horrors of internment in a Nazi concentration camp. The film was partially inspired by the book In the End, I Beat Hitler by Rubino Romeo Salmon\u00ec and by Benigni's father, who spent two years in a German labour camp during World War II.\nThe film was a critical and financial success. It grossed over $230 million worldwide, becoming one of the highest-grossing non-English language movies of all time, and received widespread acclaim (despite some criticisms of using the subject matter for comedic purposes). It won the Grand Prix at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival, nine David di Donatello Awards (including Best Film), five Nastro d'Argento Awards in Italy, two European Film Awards, and three Academy Awards (including Best Foreign Language Film and Best Actor for Benigni).", "Q739556": "William Waldorf Astor III, 4th Viscount Astor (born 27 December 1951) is an English businessman and politician who sits as a Conservative hereditary Lord Temporal in the House of Lords. He is a member of the Astor family known for its prominence in business, society, and politics in both the United States and the United Kingdom.", "Q312524": "Asa Maxwell Thornton Farr Butterfield (; born 1 April 1997) is an English actor. He became known for playing the main character Bruno in the Holocaust film The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (2008), for which he received nominations for the British Independent Film Award and the London Film Critics Circle Award for Young British Performer of the Year at the age of 11.\nFor his leading performance as Hugo Cabret in Martin Scorsese's drama Hugo (2011), Butterfield received considerable praise and was awarded the Young Hollywood Award for Breakthrough Performance\u2014Male and was nominated for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer and the Empire Award for Best Male Newcomer, among other accolades. He was nominated for a British Independent Film Award for Best Actor for playing Nathan Ellis in Morgan Matthews's X+Y (2014). In 2019, Butterfield began playing Otis Milburn in the Netflix comedy-drama series Sex Education.", "Q211987": "Jon Stewart (born Jonathan Stuart Leibowitz; November 28, 1962) is an American comedian, writer, producer, activist, and television host. He hosted The Daily Show, a satirical news program on Comedy Central, from 1999 to 2015.\nStewart started as a stand-up comedian, but branched into television as host of Short Attention Span Theater for Comedy Central. He went on to host The Jon Stewart Show and then You Wrote It, You Watch It, both on MTV. Stewart also has appeared in several films, such as Big Daddy (1999) and Death to Smoochy (2002), but did few cinematic projects after becoming host of The Daily Show in 1999. He also was a writer and co-executive producer of the show. After Stewart joined, The Daily Show steadily gained popularity and critical acclaim, and during his tenure, it won 22 Primetime Emmy Awards, 2 Grammy Awards and also was nominated for news and journalism awards. Stewart hosted the 78th and 80th Academy Awards. He is the co-author of America (The Book): A Citizen's Guide to Democracy Inaction, which was one of the best-selling books in the U.S. in 2004, and Earth (The Book): A Visitor's Guide to the Human Race, released in 2010.\nSince leaving The Daily Show, Stewart has for the most part maintained a low profile, with his sustained advocacy for 9/11 first responders being a notable exception.", "Q112588": "Franz Karl Ginzkey (September 8, 1871, Pola, Austrian Littoral, Austria-Hungary (now Pula, Croatia) - April 11, 1963, Vienna) was an Austro-Hungarian (then Austrian) officer, poet and writer. His arguably most famous book Hatschi Bratschis Luftballon (Hatschi Bratschi's Balloon) captivated generations of children.", "Q642696": "J\u00e4ms\u00e4 is a town and municipality of Finland.\nIt is located in the Central Finland region. The municipality has a population of 20,589 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 1,823.90 square kilometres (704.21 sq mi) of which 252.57 km2 (97.52 sq mi) is water.The population density is 13.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (34/sq mi).\nThe municipality is Finnish.\nThe municipality of Kuorevesi was consolidated with J\u00e4ms\u00e4 in 2001. The municipality of L\u00e4ngelm\u00e4ki was partly consolidated with J\u00e4ms\u00e4 in 2007. The municipality of J\u00e4ms\u00e4nkoski was consolidated with J\u00e4ms\u00e4 in the beginning of 2009.\nIt is the center of Finnish aeronautics industry \u2013 the aircraft factory and aeronautical engineering offices of Patria is located at Halli Airport in J\u00e4ms\u00e4.\nSince 1994, the ski slope at Himos has been used as a super special stage at the Rally Finland.", "Q887": "Yekaterinburg ( yih-KAT-\u0259r-in-burg; Russian: \u0415\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0431\u0443\u0301\u0440\u0433, IPA: [j\u026ak\u0259t\u02b2\u026ar\u02b2\u026an\u02c8burk]), alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg, is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast, located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains, in the middle of the Eurasian continent, on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe. It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast. In 2018, it had an estimated population of 1,501,652. Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the \"third capital of Russia\", as it is ranked third by the size of economy, culture, transportation and tourism. It is located about 1,420 kilometres (880 mi) to the east of Moscow.\nThe region was settled and developed by Novgorodians by the 11th century.\nYekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great's wife, who after his death became Catherine I, Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name. The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time. In 1781, Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province, and built the main road of the Empire, the Siberian Route, through the city. Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia, which had rich resources, and was known as the \"window to Asia\", a reference to Saint Petersburg as a \"window to Europe\". In the late 19th century, Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals. In 1924, after Russia became a socialist state, the city was named Sverdlovsk (Russian: \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov. During the Soviet era, Sverdlovsk was turned into an industrial and administrative powerhouse. In 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union, the city returned to its historical name.\nYekaterinburg is one of the most important economic centres in Russia, and the city had experienced economic and population growth recently. Some of the tallest buildings in Russia are located in the city.", "Q230791": "The Kingdom of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: R\u00ecoghachd na h-Alba; Scots: Kinrick o Scotland) was a sovereign state in northwest Europe traditionally said to have been founded in 843. Its territories expanded and shrank, but it came to occupy the northern third of the island of Great Britain, sharing a land border to the south with the Kingdom of England. It suffered many invasions by the English, but under Robert I it fought a successful War of Independence and remained an independent state throughout the late Middle Ages. Following the annexation of the Northern Isles from the Kingdom of Norway in 1472 and the final capture of the Royal Burgh of Berwick by the Kingdom of England in 1482, the territory of the Kingdom of Scotland corresponded to that of modern-day Scotland, bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In 1603, James VI of Scotland became King of England, joining Scotland with England in a personal union. In 1707, the two kingdoms were united to form the Kingdom of Great Britain under the terms of the Acts of Union.\nThe Crown was the most important element of government. The Scottish monarchy in the Middle Ages was a largely itinerant institution, before Edinburgh developed as a capital city in the second half of the 15th century. The Crown remained at the centre of political life and in the 16th century emerged as a major centre of display and artistic patronage, until it was effectively dissolved with the Union of Crowns in 1603. The Scottish Crown adopted the conventional offices of western European monarchical states of the time and developed a Privy Council and great offices of state. Parliament also emerged as a major legal institution, gaining an oversight of taxation and policy, but was never as central to the national life. In the early period, the kings of the Scots depended on the great lords\u2014the mormaers and to\u00edsechs\u2014but from the reign of David I, sheriffdoms were introduced, which allowed more direct control and gradually limited the power of the major lordships. In the 17th century, the creation of Justices of Peace and Commissioners of Supply helped to increase the effectiveness of local government. The continued existence of courts baron and the introduction of kirk sessions helped consolidate the power of local lairds.\nScots law developed in the Middle Ages and was reformed and codified in the 16th and 17th centuries. Under James IV the legal functions of the council were rationalised, with Court of Session meeting daily in Edinburgh. In 1532, the College of Justice was founded, leading to the training and professionalisation of lawyers. David I is the first Scottish king known to have produced his own coinage. At the union of the Crowns in 1603 the Pound Scots was fixed at only one-twelfth the value of the English pound. The Bank of Scotland issued pound notes from 1704. Scottish currency was abolished by the Act of Union, however to the present day, Scotland retains unique banknotes.\nGeographically, Scotland is divided between the Highlands and Islands and the Lowlands. The Highlands had a relatively short growing season, which was further shortened during the Little Ice Age. From Scotland's foundation to the inception of the Black Death, the population had grown to a million; following the plague, it then fell to half a million. It expanded in the first half of the 16th century, reaching roughly 1.2 million by the 1690s. Significant languages in the medieval kingdom included Gaelic, Old English, Norse and French; but by the early modern era Middle Scots had begun to dominate. Christianity was introduced into Scotland from the 6th century. In the Norman period the Scottish church underwent a series of changes that led to new monastic orders and organisation. During the 16th century, Scotland underwent a Protestant Reformation that created a predominately Calvinist national kirk. There were a series of religious controversies that resulted in divisions and persecutions. The Scottish Crown developed naval forces at various points in its history, but often relied on privateers and fought a guerre de course. Land forces centred around the large common army, but adopted European innovations from the 16th century; and many Scots took service as mercenaries and as soldiers for the English Crown.", "Q1138602": "Jodi Benson (born Jodi Marie Marzorati; October 10, 1961) is an American actress, voice actress and singer. She is best known for providing both the speaking and the singing voice of Disney's Princess Ariel in The Little Mermaid and its sequel, prequel, and television series spinoff. Benson voiced the character Barbie in the 1999 Golden Globe-winning movie Toy Story 2 and its 2010 Academy Award-winning sequel Toy Story 3. She also voiced Barbie in the Toy Story cartoon Hawaiian Vacation. For her contributions to the Disney company, Benson was named a Disney Legend in 2011.She also gave voice to the spirited \"Weebo\" in Disney's live action Flubber, starring Robin Williams. For Warner Bros., she created the voice of Thumbelina in 1994, a Don Bluth animated feature film with songs by Barry Manilow. Her other projects include Tinkerbell: Secret of the Wings, The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning, The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea, Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure, 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure, Balto II: Wolf Quest, and Balto III: Wings of Change. She appeared as Patrick Dempsey\u2019s assistant Sam, in Disney\u2019s live-action feature film Enchanted. While being a Disney Legend, she also voiced Jane Doe and Patsy Smiles in Cartoon Network's Camp Lazlo. She also voiced the character Tula in Fox's animated series The Pirates of Dark Water.", "Q2646": "Friedrich Ebert (German pronunciation: [\u02c8e\u02d0b\u0250t]; 4 February 1871 \u2013 28 February 1925) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the first President of Germany from 1919 until his death in office in 1925.\nEbert was elected leader of the SPD on the death in 1913 of August Bebel. In 1914, shortly after he assumed leadership, the party became deeply divided over Ebert's support of war loans to finance the German war effort in World War I. A moderate social democrat, Ebert was in favour of the Burgfrieden, a political policy that sought to suppress squabbles over domestic issues among political parties during wartime in order to concentrate all forces in society on the successful conclusion of the war effort. He tried to isolate those in the party opposed to the war, but could not prevent a split.\nEbert was a pivotal figure in the German Revolution of 1918\u201319. When Germany became a republic at the end of World War I, he became its first chancellor. His policies at that time were primarily aimed at restoring peace and order in Germany and containing the more extreme elements of the revolutionary left. In order to accomplish these goals, he allied himself with conservative and nationalistic political forces, in particular the leadership of the military under General Wilhelm Groener and the right wing Freikorps. With their help, Ebert's government crushed a number of socialist and communist uprisings as well as those from the right, including the Kapp Putsch. This has made him a controversial historical figure.", "Q314633": "Rodney Agatupu Anoa\u02bbi (October 2, 1966 \u2013 October 23, 2000) was an American professional wrestler best known for his time with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), where he wrestled under the ring name Yokozuna. The name was a reference to the highest rank in professional sumo wrestling in Japan.\nAlthough the Yokozuna character was portrayed as a champion sumo wrestler, Anoa\u02bbi never competed as an actual sumotori. Though Yokozuna wrestled as a representative of Japan, in real life Anoa\u02bbi was Samoan American and was accordingly billed as hailing from Polynesia. However, he was managed by the Japanese character Mr. Fuji (in reality a Japanese American), who would follow Anoa\u02bbi to the ring with a wooden bucket of salt and waving a Japanese flag.In the WWF, Anoa\u02bbi was a two-time WWF World Heavyweight Champion and two-time WWF Tag Team Champion (with Owen Hart), as well as the winner of the 1993 Royal Rumble. Anoa\u02bbi was the first wrestler of Samoan descent to hold the WWF World Heavyweight Championship as well as the first Royal Rumble winner who as a result of a direct stipulation received a WWF's world championship title shot at WrestleMania. He defeated WWE Hall of Famers Bret Hart and Hulk Hogan, in consecutive pay-per-view victories in the main event of WrestleMania IX and the 1993 King of the Ring, to win his two WWF World Heavyweight Championships, and also headlined WrestleMania X against Hart. He was the third-fastest newcomer after Brock Lesnar and Sheamus to win the WWF or WWE Championship after his debut. Anoa\u02bbi was posthumously inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2012.", "Q3804842": "Ivano Marescotti (born 4 February 1946) is an Italian actor.", "Q49204": "Smith College is a private women's liberal arts college in Northampton, Massachusetts. Although its undergraduate programs are open to women only, its graduate and certificate programs are also open to men. It is the largest member of the Seven Sisters. Smith is also a member of the Five Colleges Consortium, which allows its students to attend classes at four other Pioneer Valley institutions: Mount Holyoke College, Amherst College, Hampshire College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. U.S. News & World Report ranks it 11th best among National Liberal Arts Colleges. Smith is one of the few women's colleges that offers an engineering degree in four years.", "Q210327": "Amaury Nolasco Garrido (born December 24, 1970) is a Puerto Rican actor and producer, best known for the role of Fernando Sucre on the Fox television series Prison Break, and for his role in Transformers.", "Q115581": "Pierre Aubert (3 March 1927 \u2013 8 June 2016) was a Swiss politician, lawyer and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1978\u20131987).", "Q1418731": "Poirot Investigates is a short story collection written by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by The Bodley Head in March 1924. In the eleven stories, famed eccentric detective Hercule Poirot solves a variety of mysteries involving greed, jealousy, and revenge. The American version of this book, published by Dodd, Mead and Company in 1925, featured a further three stories. The UK first edition featured an illustration of Poirot on the dust jacket by W. Smithson Broadhead, reprinted from the 21 March 1923 issue of The Sketch magazine.\nThe UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) while the 1925 US edition was $2.00.", "Q2063424": "Robert Abercrombie Lovett (September 14, 1895 \u2013 May 7, 1986) was the fourth United States Secretary of Defense, having been promoted to this position from Deputy Secretary of Defense. He served in the cabinet of President Harry S. Truman from 1951 to 1953 and in this capacity, directed the Korean War.Lovett was a core member of the group of foreign policy elders known as \"The Wise Men\", and was deemed an \"architect of the cold war\" by social scientist G. William Domhoff, in his 1970 book, The Higher Circles: The Governing Class in America.", "Q1927148": "Michael Chapdelaine (born September 15, 1956 in San Diego, California) is an American guitarist.\nChapedelaine is the only guitarist ever to win First Prize in the world's top competitions in both the Classical and Fingerstyle genres. He won the Guitar Foundation of America International Classical Guitar Competition and the National Fingerstyle Championships at the Walnut Valley Bluegrass Festival in Winfield, Kansas. His performances, played on both steel string and classical guitars, include musical styles ranging from blues to Bach to country to rhythm 'n' blues.\nIn the '80s and '90s Chapdelaine twice won the coveted National Endowment for the Arts Solo Recitalist Grant and took First Prize in both the Guitar Foundation of America's and the Music Teachers National Association's Guitar Competitions. He also won the Silver Medal in Venezuela's VIII Concurso International de Guitarra \"Alirio Diaz\". He has toured four continents while giving hundreds of performances for Affiliate Artists Inc., and various arts promotion organizations. In 1992 he recorded the Sonata Romantica CD, (now re-released as \"Mexico\"), about which Acoustic Guitar magazine (January 1993) wrote \"... if I were marooned on a desert island with a limited selection of recordings, this one would be among my choices...I have seldom heard a more beautiful album. Other young guitarists have excellent technique, but few have such style and musicality, and Chapdelaine's beautiful tone is the nearest to Segovia's that I can recall.\"\nIn 1994 Chapdelaine turned his attention to pop music, in arranging, producing, and recording Time-Life Music's Guitar by Moonlight collection (also released as \"with love\"), which sold 250,000 copies in its first two years in the stores. In 1998, he won the National Fingerpicking Championships at Winfield.Chapdelaine is Professor of Music and head of guitar studies at the University of New Mexico, and has previously been on the faculties of the University of Colorado at Denver and Metropolitan State University. He has given master classes throughout the world including, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Peru, Venezuela, Taiwan, Indonesia, and at institutions such as University of Miami, Mannes School of Music, University of Texas, and California State University.", "Q750286": "The 69 Eyes are a multi-platinum-selling Finnish gothic rock band. They are currently signed to EMI Finland. The band's albums are now distributed worldwide. The End Records acts as the band's official North American distributor, as Nuclear Blast Records provides distribution in Europe. Australia will be handled by AmpHead Music. All Asian and Latin American releases are handled by EMI affiliates.", "Q228860": "Colbie Marie Caillat ( (listen); born May 28, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter. Caillat rose to fame through social networking website Myspace. At that time, she was the number one unsigned artist of her genre. After signing with Universal Republic Records, she released her debut album, Coco, in July 2007. The album included the hit singles \"Bubbly\" and \"Realize\", and has sold 2,060,000 copies in the US, and is certified 2x Platinum. In 2008 she recorded a duet with Jason Mraz, \"Lucky\", which won a Grammy Award. In August 2009 she released Breakthrough, her second album, which became her first album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200. It has been certified gold by the RIAA. Breakthrough was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album at the 2010 Grammy Awards. She was also part of the group that won Album of the Year at the 2010 Grammy Awards for her background vocals and writing on Taylor Swift's Fearless album. In July 2011 she released her third studio album, All of You. In October 2012 she released her first Christmas album, Christmas in the Sand. Since 2018, she has been a member of the country music group Gone West.\nCaillat has sold over six million albums worldwide and over 10 million singles. In 2009 she was named Billboard magazine's 94th-best-selling music artist of the 2000s.", "Q517161": "Giovanni Claudio Fava (born 15 April 1957) is an Italian politician. He is the Coordinator of the National Secretariat of Sinistra Ecologia Libert\u00e0 (Left Ecology Freedom). He was until 2009 Member of the European Parliament for the Italian Islands with the Democratic Left (SD), part of the Socialist Group and is vice-chair of the European Parliament's Committee on Regional Development.\nHe was a substitute for the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and the Committee on Fisheries and the Committee on Foreign Affairs.", "Q211039": "Jeppe Aakj\u00e6r (10 September 1866 \u2013 22 (23) April 1930) was a Danish poet and novelist, a member of the 'Jutland Movement' in Danish literature\". A regionalist, much of his writings were about his native Jutland. He was known for writings that reflected his concern for the impoverished and for describing rural existence.\n\n", "Q322381": "Paul Henry Lang (August 28, 1901 in Budapest \u2013 September 21, 1991 in Lakeville, Connecticut) was a Hungarian-American musicologist and music critic.\nLang was born in Budapest, Hungary, and was educated in Catholic schools. In 1918, as World War I was coming to an end, he was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian army though he had not completed school, and sent to the Italian front. When the war ended, he had to make his own way home, and then studied at the University of Budapest and the Budapest Music Academy, under Zolt\u00e1n Kod\u00e1ly and Erno Dohnanyi, among others. Kod\u00e1ly, learning that he only played piano, assigned him to learn to play the bassoon. After graduating in 1922, he was an assistant conductor at the Budapest Opera, but was encouraged to study musicology by Kod\u00e1ly and B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k. At that time serious study in musicology was only available in France and Germany. He began at the University of Heidelberg where he attended classes in philosophy and literature as well. He was not happy in Germany and moved on to the Sorbonne in Paris, where he studied with Andre Pirro. In the 1924 Summer Olympics Lang participated as part of the French National rowing team. He supported himself by playing bassoon in various orchestras and also conducted an emigrant Hungarian chorus. While a student in Paris he began his career as a music critic, writing for the Revue Musicale. He completed his dissertation on French lute music, but was not awarded his doctoral degree because he could not afford the large sum needed to engrave the unpublished scores he was discussing and print the dissertation, as required by the university.In 1928, knowing no English, Lang moved to the United States as a junior scholar of the Rockefeller Foundation. He took a few English classes and then picked up more from motion pictures. He taught music, including harmony and counterpoint, for a year at Vassar College (1930\u201331), filling in for a professor on sabbatical. Then at Wells College (1932\u201334), he taught music history and analysis and led the chapel choir. At the same time he worked on a dissertation on the literary history of French opera,earning a doctorate degree from Cornell University in 1934. Having by now published a few articles in English, he was invited to teach at both Wellesley College and Columbia. For one year he taught at both colleges. Mr. Lang joined the music faculty of Columbia University in 1934 with the first professorship of musicology in America, and quickly began changing the way music was taught there by adding courses, such as the esthetics of music, and by expanding the musicology department. In 1940, after Bart\u00f3k fled Hungary during World War II, Lang arranged for Columbia to hire him as an ethnomusicologist. As musicology was a nascent field at the time, Lang had a strong influence on its development, especially in the United States, and advised a number of students who would go on to become prominent musicologists, including James McKinnon, Dika Newlin, Joel Sachs, Rose Rosengard Subotnik, Richard Taruskin, Piero Weiss, and Neal Zaslaw.\nLang became best known for his often provocative articles and books on both contemporary trends in music and music history. He was from 1954 to 1964 the music critic for the New York Herald Tribune, succeeding Virgil Thomson, and was editor of The Musical Quarterly from 1945 to 1973. He published a number of books, the most famous of which is Music in Western Civilization (1941), called \"[a] model of scholarship and style\" by Will Durant. He was an adviser to his publisher, W.W. Norton, and edited several books for them. He was a founding member of the American Musicological Society and in 1955 was elected for a term as president of the International Musicological Society.\nIn addition to his most famous work, Music in Western Civilization, Lang wrote George Frideric Handel, collaborated with Otto Bettmann on A Pictorial History of Music, and edited several compilations, including The Creative World of Mozart and One Hundred Years of Music in America.\nIn 1936 he married Anne Pecheux, a Barnard graduate who had taken his undergraduate music history course. They had four children.\nAmong Lang's pupils was Mary Ann Feldman.\n\n", "Q726310": "Fran\u00e7ois Chabot (23 October 1756 \u2013 5 April 1794) was a French politician.", "Q982097": "Ivan Ivanovich Rerberg (October 4, 1869 \u2013 1932, Moscow) was a Russian civil engineer, architect and educator active in Moscow in 1897\u20131932. Rerberg's input to present-day Moscow include Kiyevsky Rail Terminal, Central Telegraph building and the Administration building of Moscow Kremlin. Rerberg, a fourth member in a dynasty of engineers, was credited with innovative approach to structural frames and despised the title of an architect, always signing his drafts Engineer Rerberg.", "Q2811800": "Tuna Akt\u00fcrk (born 22 September 1977 in Bal\u0131kesir) is Bal\u0131kesir Vice-Mayor and Bal\u0131kesirspor President. He has a degree in civil engineering from Bal\u0131kesir University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture.He is the largest shareholder and board member of Veta Yapi Construction Company .", "Q178989": "Liberty Heights is a 1999 American comedy-drama film by writer-director Barry Levinson. The film is a semi-autobiographical account of his childhood growing up in Baltimore in the 1950s. It is the fourth of Levinson's tetralogy \"Baltimore Films\", set in his hometown during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s: Diner (1982), Tin Men (1987), Avalon (1990), and Liberty Heights (1999).", "Q65936": "Gelterkinden is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q385880": "Svetlana Velmar-Jankovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0440-\u0408\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, Serbian pronunciation: [s\u028b\u025b\u030ctlana \u028b\u025b\u0302lma\u02d0r ja\u02d0nk\u0254\u028bit\u0255], 1 February 1933 \u2013 9 April 2014) was a Serbian novelist, essayist, chronicler of Belgrade, and first female laureate of the Isidora Sekuli\u0107 Award. She was considered to be one of the most important Serbian female authors of her time. In 2001, the French President Jacques Chirac honored her with the Chevalier medal of Legion of Honor because she always took care to preserve the humanist values which unite her and her country with the rest of Europe.", "Q676255": "Manuel C\u00e1ceres Artesero (born 15 January 1949 in Ciudad Real, Spain), better known as Manolo, el del bombo (English: Manolo the Bass Drummer) is one of the most famous football fans in the world.\n\n", "Q1175064": "David L. Gunn (born 21 June 1937) is a transportation system administrator who has headed several significant railroads and transit systems in North America. He was Director of Operations of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) from 1975-1979, General Manager and Chief Operations Officer of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) from 1979-1984, President of the New York City Transit Authority from 1984 to 1990, the General Manager at WMATA (the Washington Metro) from 1991 to 1994, and Chief General Manager of the Toronto Transit Commission in Canada from 1995 to 1999. Gunn assumed the presidency of Amtrak on May 15, 2002, and held the position until political upheaval at the company in 2005. A dual citizen of the U.S. and Canada, Gunn retired to his family home on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, Canada. He is currently associated with the Free Congress Foundation and the board of the Strait Area Transit Cooperative transit service in rural Richmond County, among other roles.\n\n", "Q62081": "Alfred Eisenstaedt (December 6, 1898 \u2013 August 23, 1995) was a German-born American photographer and photojournalist. He began his career in Germany prior to World War II but achieved prominence as a staff photographer for Life magazine after moving to the U.S. Life featured more than 90 of his pictures on its covers, and more than 2,500 of his photo stories were published.Among his most famous cover photographs was V-J Day in Times Square, taken during the V-J Day celebration in New York City, showing American sailor George Mendonsa kissing dental assistant Greta Zimmer Friedman in a \"dancelike dip\" which \"summed up the euphoria many Americans felt as the war came to a close\", in the words of his obituary. He was \"renowned for his ability to capture memorable images of important people in the news\" and for his candid photographs taken with a small 35mm Leica camera, typically with natural lighting.", "Q96666": "Harro Heuser (December 26, 1927 in Nast\u00e4tten \u2013 February 21, 2011) was a German mathematician. In German-speaking countries he is best known for his popular two-volume introduction into real analysis, Lehrbuch der Analysis.Heuser studied mathematics, physics and philosophy from 1948 to 1954 at the University of T\u00fcbingen to receive a teaching degree (Staatsexamen) and went on to study for his PhD, which he received in 1957. The advisor of his thesis, entitled \u00dcber Operatoren mit endlichen Defekten, was Helmut Wielandt. After receiving his PhD he moved to the University of Karlsruhe, where he received his habilitation in 1962. In 1963 he became a professor at the University of Kiel and in 1964 at the University of Mainz. Finally in 1968 he became a tenured professor at the University of Karlsruhe, where he remained until his retirement in 1996. He was also temporarily working as a visiting professor in the United States, Canada, Colombia and Italy.", "Q656185": "South Orange, officially the Township of South Orange Village, is a suburban township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the village's population was 16,198, reflecting a decline of 766 (-4.5%) from the 16,964 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 574 (+3.5%) from the 16,390 counted in the 1990 Census. Seton Hall University is located in the township.\n\"The time and circumstances under which the name South Orange originated will probably never be known,\" wrote historian William H. Shaw in 1884, \"and we are obliged to fall back on a tradition, that Mr. Nathan Squier first used the name in an advertisement offering wood for sale\" in 1795. Other sources attribute the derivation for all of The Oranges to King William III, Prince of Orange.Of the 565 municipalities in New Jersey, South Orange Village is one of only four with a village type of government; the others are Loch Arbour, Ridgefield Park and Ridgewood.South Orange Village dates back to May 4, 1869, when it was formed within South Orange Township (now Maplewood). On March 4, 1904, the Village of South Orange was created by an act of the New Jersey Legislature and separated from South Orange Township. In 1978, the village's name was changed by referendum to \"The Township of South Orange Village\", becoming the first of more than a dozen Essex County municipalities to reclassify themselves as townships in order take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis.", "Q6346": "Indianapolis (), often shortened to Indy, is the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. According to 2018 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau, the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Marion County was 876,862. The \"balance\" population, which excludes semi-autonomous municipalities in Marion County, was 867,125. It is the 17th most populous city in the U.S. The Indianapolis metropolitan area is the 34th most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S., with 2,048,703 residents. Its combined statistical area ranks 28th, with a population of 2,431,361. Indianapolis covers 368 square miles (950 km2), making it the 16th largest city by land area in the U.S.\nIndigenous peoples inhabited the area dating to approximately 2000 BC. In 1818, the Delaware relinquished their tribal lands in the Treaty of St. Mary's. In 1821, Indianapolis was founded as a planned city for the new seat of Indiana's state government. The city was platted by Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham on a 1-square-mile (2.6 km2) grid next to the White River. Completion of the National and Michigan roads and arrival of rail later solidified the city's position as a manufacturing and transportation hub. Two of the city's nicknames reflect its historical ties to transportation\u2014the \"Crossroads of America\" and \"Railroad City\". Since the 1970 city-county consolidation, known as Unigov, local government administration operates under the direction of an elected 25-member city-county council headed by the mayor.\nIndianapolis anchors the 27th largest economic region in the U.S., based primarily on the sectors of finance and insurance, manufacturing, professional and business services, education and health care, government, and wholesale trade. The city has notable niche markets in amateur sports and auto racing. The Fortune 500 companies of Anthem, Eli Lilly and Company, and Simon Property Group are headquartered in Indianapolis. The city has hosted many international multi-sport events, such as the 1987 Pan American Games and 2001 World Police and Fire Games, but is perhaps best known for annually hosting the world's largest single-day sporting event, the Indianapolis 500.Indianapolis is home to two major league sports clubs, the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). It is home to a number of educational institutions, such as the University of Indianapolis, Butler University, Marian University, and Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). The city's robust philanthropic community has supported several cultural assets, including the world's largest children's museum, one of the nation's largest privately funded zoos, historic buildings and sites, and public art. The city is home to the largest collection of monuments dedicated to veterans and war casualties in the U.S. outside of Washington, D.C.", "Q72292": "Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (Norwegian: [\u02c8f\u027e\u026a\u0302t\u02d0j\u0254f \u02c8n\u0251\u0300nsn\u0329]; 10 October 1861 \u2013 13 May 1930) was a Norwegian explorer, scientist, diplomat, humanitarian and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In his youth he was a champion skier and ice skater. He led the team that made the first crossing of the Greenland interior in 1888, traversing the island on cross-country skis. He won international fame after reaching a record northern latitude of 86\u00b014\u2032 during his Fram expedition of 1893\u20131896. Although he retired from exploration after his return to Norway, his techniques of polar travel and his innovations in equipment and clothing influenced a generation of subsequent Arctic and Antarctic expeditions.\nNansen studied zoology at the Royal Frederick University in Christiania and later worked as a curator at the University Museum of Bergen where his research on the central nervous system of lower marine creatures earned him a doctorate and helped establish neuron doctrine. Later, neuroscientist Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his research on the same subject. After 1896 his main scientific interest switched to oceanography; in the course of his research he made many scientific cruises, mainly in the North Atlantic, and contributed to the development of modern oceanographic equipment. \nAs one of his country's leading citizens, in 1905 Nansen spoke out for the ending of Norway's union with Sweden, and was instrumental in persuading Prince Carl of Denmark to accept the throne of the newly independent Norway. Between 1906 and 1908 he served as the Norwegian representative in London, where he helped negotiate the Integrity Treaty that guaranteed Norway's independent status.\nIn the final decade of his life, Nansen devoted himself primarily to the League of Nations, following his appointment in 1921 as the League's High Commissioner for Refugees. In 1922 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on behalf of the displaced victims of the First World War and related conflicts. Among the initiatives he introduced was the \"Nansen passport\" for stateless persons, a certificate that used to be recognised by more than 50 countries. He worked on behalf of refugees until his sudden death in 1930, after which the League established the Nansen International Office for Refugees to ensure that his work continued. This office received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1938. His name is commemorated in numerous geographical features, particularly in the polar regions.", "Q378925": "John Kiffmeyer (born July 11, 1969), known professionally in music as Al Sobrante, is an American record producer and retired musician and songwriter, best known as the second drummer for the punk rock band Green Day. His stage name is a reference to his hometown, El Sobrante.", "Q1429": "Antoninus Pius (; Latin: Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius; 19 September 86 \u2013 7 March 161), also known as Antoninus, was Roman emperor from 138 to 161. He was one of the Five Good Emperors in the Nerva\u2013Antonine dynasty and the Aurelii.Born into a senatorial family, Antoninus held various offices during the reign of emperor Hadrian, who adopted him as his son and successor shortly before his death. Antoninus acquired the cognomen Pius after his accession to the throne, either because he compelled the Senate to deify his adoptive father, or because he had saved senators sentenced to death by Hadrian in his later years. His reign is notable for the peaceful state of the Empire, with no major revolts or military incursions during this time, and for his governing without ever leaving Italy. A successful military campaign in southern Scotland early in his reign resulted in the construction of the Antonine Wall. Antoninus was an effective administrator, leaving his successors a large surplus in the treasury, expanding free access to drinking water throughout the Empire, encouraging legal conformity, and facilitating the enfranchisement of freed slaves. He died of illness in 161 and was succeeded by his adopted sons Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus as co-emperors.", "Q311993": "Joel Edward McHale (born November 20, 1971) is an American comedian, actor, writer, producer, and television host. He is known for hosting The Soup and portraying Jeff Winger on the NBC/Yahoo! sitcom Community. He has appeared in the films Spy Kids: All the Time in the World (2011) and Ted (2012). He also starred in the short-lived CBS sitcom The Great Indoors and in 2019 started hosting a reboot of Card Sharks.", "Q296630": "Jason Nelson Robards Jr. (July 26, 1922 \u2013 December 26, 2000) was an American stage, film and television actor. He was a winner of a Tony Award, two Academy Awards and an Emmy Award, making him one of 24 Triple Crown of Acting winners. He was also a United States Navy decorated combat veteran of World War II.\nHe became famous playing works of American playwright Eugene O'Neill and regularly performed in O'Neill's works throughout his career. Robards was cast both in common-man roles and as well-known historical figures.", "Q116088": "Jakob Klaesi (May 29, 1883 \u2013 August 17, 1980) was a Swiss psychiatrist most notable for his contributions to the sleep therapy and his phenomenological analysis of expression.\n\n", "Q91109": "Henning Eichberg (1 December 1942 in Schweidnitz, Silesia \u2013 22 April 2017 in Odense, Danemark) was a German sociologist and historian, teaching at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. He became notable by his contributions to the philosophy of body culture and by his political radical writings on folk and nation.\nHenning Eichberg is the father of the composer S\u00f8ren Nils Eichberg.", "Q168542": "Adalbert Stifter (German: [\u02c8\u0283t\u026aft\u0250]; 23 October 1805 \u2013 28 January 1868) was an Austrian writer, poet, painter, and pedagogue. He was especially notable for the vivid natural landscapes depicted in his writing and has long been popular in the German-speaking world, while remaining almost entirely unknown to English readers.", "Q2061964": "Paul Robert Ignatius (born November 11, 1920) is an American government official who served as Secretary of the Navy between 1967 and 1969 and was the Assistant Secretary of Defense during the Lyndon Johnson Administration.", "Q460114": "Kaori Muraji (\u6751\u6cbb\u4f73\u7e54, Muraji Kaori, born 14 April 1978) is a Japanese classical guitarist. She is the first Japanese artist to have signed an exclusive international contract with Decca Music Group.", "Q659739": "The Green Party of Switzerland (German: Gr\u00fcne Partei der Schweiz; French: Les verts \u2013 Parti \u00e9cologiste suisse; Italian: I Verdi \u2013 Partito ecologista svizzero; Romansh: La Verda \u2013 Partida ecologica svizra; \"The Greens \u2013 Swiss ecologist party\") is the fourth-largest party in the National Council of Switzerland and the largest party that is not represented on the Federal Council.", "Q786429": "Berl Katznelson (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05e8\u05dc \u05db\u05e6\u05e0\u05dc\u05e1\u05d5\u05df\u200e, 25 January 1887 \u2013 12 August 1944) was one of the intellectual founders of Labor Zionism, instrumental to the establishment of the modern state of Israel, and the editor of Davar, the first daily newspaper of the workers' movement.", "Q150552": "Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen, Erbs\u00e4lzer zu Werl und Neuwerk (German: [f\u0254n \u02c8pa\u02d0pn\u0329] (listen); 29 October 1879 \u2013 2 May 1969), was a German conservative politician, diplomat, nobleman and General Staff officer. He served as Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and as Vice-Chancellor under Adolf Hitler from 1933 to 1934.\nBorn into a wealthy family of Westphalian Roman Catholic aristocrats, Papen served in the Imperial German Army from 1898 onward and was trained as a German General Staff officer. He served as military attach\u00e9 in Mexico and the United States from 1913 to 1915, organising acts of sabotage in the United States and financing Mexican forces in the Mexican Revolution. After being expelled from the United States in 1915, he served as a battalion commander on the Western Front of World War I and finished his war service in the Middle Eastern theatre as a lieutenant colonel.\nAppointed Chancellor in 1932 by President Paul von Hindenburg, Papen ruled by presidential decree. He negotiated the end of reparations at the Lausanne Conference of 1932. He launched the Preu\u00dfenschlag coup against the Social Democratic government of the Free State of Prussia. His failure to secure a base of support in the Reichstag led to his dismissal by Hindenburg and replacement by General Kurt von Schleicher. Determined to return to power, Papen, believing that Hitler could be controlled once he was in the government, persuaded Hindenburg into appointing Hitler as Chancellor and Papen as Vice-Chancellor in 1933 in a cabinet ostensibly not under Nazi Party domination. With military dictatorship the only alternative to Nazi rule, Hindenburg consented. Papen and his allies were quickly marginalized by Hitler and he left the government after the Night of the Long Knives in 1934, during which the Nazis killed some of his confidants. Subsequently, Papen served as an ambassador of Germany in Vienna from 1934 to 1938 and in Ankara from 1939 to 1944.\nAfter the Second World War, Papen was indicted in the Nuremberg trials of war criminals before the International Military Tribunal but was acquitted of all charges. In 1947 a West German denazification court found Papen to have acted as a main culprit to crimes. Papen was given an eight-year hard labour prison sentence but he was released on appeal in 1949. Papen's memoirs were published in 1952 and 1953, and he died in 1969.", "Q4310515": "Dead Souls (Russian: \u041c\u0451\u0440\u0442\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0438, romanized: Myortvye dushi) is a 1984 Soviet television miniseries directed by Mikhail Schweitzer, based on Nikolai Gogol's epic poem of the same name. This story has been shared in many different interpretations. In 1930, author Mikhail Bulgakov was commissioned to write the first adaptation of this novel for the Soviet stage at the Moscow Art Theater. The 1984 miniseries was based on the 1960 film adaptation directed by Leonid Trauberg, which was inspired the Moscow Art Theater script. This story was also adapted as an opera in the 1980s as an American-Soviet production that first opened in Boston. The first cinematic interpretation of this work was directed by Petyr Chardin in 1909.", "Q1688167": "Jesse Woods Johnson (born June 1, 1960) is an American musician best known as the guitarist in the original lineup of the Time (more recently known as the Original 7ven).\n\n", "Q119634": "Hans Stetter (August 16, 1927 in Cologne, Germany \u2013 29 January 2019) was a German television actor.", "Q90798": "Christian Weise (30 April 1642 \u2013 21 October 1708), also known under the pseudonyms Siegmund Gleichviel, Orontes, Catharinus Civilis and Tarquinius Eatullus, was a German writer, dramatist, poet, pedagogue and librarian of the Baroque era. He produced a large number of dramatic works, noted for their social criticism and idiomatic style. In the 1670s he started a fashion for German \"political novels\". He has also been credited with the invention of the mathematical Euler diagram, though this is uncertain.", "Q117619": "Osric Chau (Chinese: \u5468\u9038\u4e4b; Jyutping: zau1 yat6 zi1; born July 20, 1986) is a Canadian actor and martial artist, best known for his role as Kevin Tran in the CW series Supernatural and Vogel in the BBC America series Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency.", "Q524024": "Victor Civita (February 9, 1907 - August 24, 1990) was an Italian-Brazilian journalist and publisher. His family emigrated from Italy to New York in 1938 following passage of the Race Law.\nIn 1949 Civita relocated his family to Brazil, where he established the publishing house Editora Abril in S\u00e3o Paulo, which developed into Grupo Abril, one of the largest publishing houses in the country.", "Q34990": "Torah (; Hebrew: \u05ea\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4, \"Instruction\", \"Teaching\" or \"Law\") has a range of meanings. It can most specifically mean the first five books (Pentateuch or five books of Moses) of the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible. This is commonly known as the Written Torah. It can also mean the continued narrative from all the 24 books, from the Book of Genesis to the end of the Tanakh (Chronicles), and it can even mean the totality of Jewish teaching, culture, and practice, whether derived from biblical texts or later rabbinic writings. This is often known as the Oral Torah. Common to all these meanings, Torah consists of the origin of Jewish peoplehood: their call into being by God, their trials and tribulations, and their covenant with their God, which involves following a way of life embodied in a set of moral and religious obligations and civil laws (halakha).\nIf in bound book form, it is usually printed with the rabbinic commentaries (perushim). If meant for liturgic purposes, it takes the form of a Torah scroll (sefer Torah), which contains strictly the five books of Moses.\nIn rabbinic literature the word Torah denotes both the five books (Hebrew: \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d1\u05db\u05ea\u05d1\u200e \"Torah that is written\") and the Oral Torah (\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d4, \"Torah that is spoken\"). The Oral Torah consists of interpretations and amplifications which according to rabbinic tradition have been handed down from generation to generation and are now embodied in the Talmud and Midrash. Rabbinic tradition's understanding is that all of the teachings found in the Torah (both written and oral) were given by God through the prophet Moses, some at Mount Sinai and others at the Tabernacle, and all the teachings were written down by Moses, which resulted in the Torah that exists today. According to the Midrash, the Torah was created prior to the creation of the world, and was used as the blueprint for Creation. The majority of Biblical scholars believe that the written books were a product of the Babylonian captivity (c. 6th century BCE), based on earlier written sources and oral traditions, and that it was completed with final revisions during the post-Exilic period (c. 5th century BCE).Traditionally, the words of the Torah are written on a scroll by a scribe (sofer) in Hebrew. A Torah portion is read publicly at least once every three days in the presence of a congregation. Reading the Torah publicly is one of the bases of Jewish communal life.", "Q1189988": "Denver Dell Pyle (May 11, 1920 \u2013 December 25, 1997) was an American film and television actor. He was well known for a number of TV roles from the 1960s through the 1980s, including his portrayal of Briscoe Darling Jr. in several episodes of The Andy Griffith Show, as Jesse Duke in The Dukes of Hazzard during 1979\u20131985, as Mad Jack in the NBC television series The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams, as well as the titular character's father, Buck Webb, in CBS's The Doris Day Show. In many of his roles, he portrayed either authority figures, or gruff, demanding father figures, often as comic relief.", "Q351838": "John Arthur Kennedy (February 17, 1914 \u2013 January 5, 1990) was an American stage and film actor known for his versatility in supporting film roles and his ability to create \"an exceptional honesty and naturalness on stage\", especially in the original casts of Arthur Miller plays on Broadway. He won the 1949 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for Miller's Death of a Salesman. He also won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor for the 1955 film Trial, and was a five-time Academy Award nominee.", "Q49953": "Koji Futada (\u4e8c\u7530 \u5b5d\u6cbb, Futada K\u014dji, born May 4, 1938) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Minamiakita District, Akita and graduate of Chuo University, he was elected to the assembly of Akita Prefecture for the first time in 1975 and to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1986.", "Q1109636": "Collin Walcott (April 24, 1945 \u2013 November 8, 1984) was a North American musician known for working in jazz and world music.\nHe studied violin and tympani in his youth, and was a percussion student at Indiana University. Walcott became interested in traditional Indian music, studying sitar under Ravi Shankar and tabla under Alla Rakha. According to critic Scott Yanow of Allmusic, Walcott was \"one of the first sitar players to play jazz.\" He came to prominence in the early 1970s due to work with Tony Scott, Miles Davis and the Paul Winter Consort. Several members of the Paul Winter ensemble, including Walcott, split off to form the group Oregon.\nWalcott was killed in an automobile accident in East Germany during a 1984 Oregon concert tour. He was replaced by Trilok Gurtu.\nAuthor David James Duncan wrote retrospectively in 1996 about an Oregon concert he attended in Cascade Head in his piece \"My One Conversation with Collin Walcott\". Duncan described Walcott as sitting \"buddha-style\" on stage, surrounded by instruments. Along with an electronic drum kit \"to his north\", Walcott \"had five different tablas to his south, a sitar to his east and a bewildering semicircle of rattles, chimes, clackers, bells, whistles, finger-drums, triangles and unnameable noisemakers to his west. He was the first Western 'jazz' percussionist I'd ever seen sit flat on the floor like an East Indian.\"", "Q325161": "Filippo Zappata (6 July 1894 \u2013 30 August 1994) was an Italian engineer and aircraft designer.", "Q67476": "Sementina is a former municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo and Sant'Antonio merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.", "Q68745": "Villars-Epeney is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q152345": "Ernest \"Ernie\" Arthur Coombs, CM (November 26, 1927 \u2013 September 18, 2001) was an American-born Canadian children's entertainer who starred in the Canadian television series Mr. Dressup.", "Q229029": "Thandie Newton (born Melanie Thandiwe Newton; 6 November 1972) () is an English actress who has appeared in English and American films.\nNewton is known for her starring roles, such as the title character in Beloved (1998), Nyah Nordoff-Hall in Mission: Impossible 2 (2000), Christine in Crash (2004), for which she received a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role, Linda in The Pursuit of Happyness (2006), Stella in RockNRolla (2008), Condoleezza Rice in W. (2008), Laura Wilson in 2012 (2009), and as Val in Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018).\nSince 2016, Newton has played the sentient android, the madam Maeve Millay, in the HBO science fiction-western series Westworld, for which she earned a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series and two Critics Choice Awards, as well as Golden Globe Award, Saturn Award, and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. In 2017, she portrayed DCI Roz Huntley in the BBC drama series Line of Duty, which earned her a nomination for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress.\nNewton was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2019 New Year Honours for services to film and to charity.", "Q490595": "Daytona Beach is a city in Volusia County, Florida, United States. It lies approximately 51 miles (82.1 km) northeast of Orlando, 86 miles (138.4 km) southeast of Jacksonville, and 265 miles (426.5 km) northwest of Miami. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, it had a population of 61,005. It is a principal city of the Deltona\u2013Daytona Beach\u2013Ormond Beach metropolitan area, which was home to 600,756 people as of 2013. Daytona Beach is also a principal city of the Fun Coast region of Florida.\nThe city is historically known for its beach, where the hard-packed sand allows motorized vehicles to drive on the beach in restricted areas. This hard-packed sand made Daytona Beach a mecca for motorsports, and the old Daytona Beach Road Course hosted races for over 50 years. This was replaced in 1959 by Daytona International Speedway. The city is also the headquarters for NASCAR.\nDaytona Beach hosts large groups of out-of-towners during the year, who visit the city for various events, notably Speedweeks in early February when over 200,000 NASCAR fans come to attend the season-opening Daytona 500. Other events include the NASCAR Coke Zero Sugar 400 race in July, Bike Week in early March, Biketoberfest in late October, and the 24 Hours of Daytona endurance race in January.", "Q230578": "Fernando Henrique Cardoso GCB GCTE GCoIISE GColIH GColL GCM RE DMN CYC OMRI (Portuguese: [fe\u0281\u02c8n\u0250\u0303d\u028a \u1ebd\u02c8\u0281iki ka\u0281\u02c8doz\u028a]; born 18 June 1931), also known by his initials FHC ([\u025bfja\u0261a\u02c8se]), is a Brazilian sociologist, professor and politician who served as the 34th President of Brazil from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2002. He was the first Brazilian president to be reelected for a subsequent term. An accomplished scholar noted for research on slavery and political theory, Cardoso has earned many honors including the Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation (2000) and the Kluge Prize from the US Library of Congress (2012).He was the 10th president of International Sociological Association (1982\u20131986).\n\n", "Q584292": "Louis Viardot (pronounced [lwi vja\u0281.do]; July 31, 1800 in Dijon, France \u2013 May 5, 1883 in Paris, France) was a French writer, art historian, art critic, theatrical figure, and translator. As a translator, he mostly contributed to the development of Russian and Spanish literature in France.\n\n", "Q4415144": "Family Album, also known as Danielle Steel's Family Album, is a 1994 NBC television miniseries based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Danielle Steel. Directed by Jack Bender, it was broadcast in two parts on October 23 and 24, 1994. The drama centers on the life chronology of a Hollywood actress who becomes a successful film director in an era when directing was dominated by men.", "Q251192": "Downtempo (sometimes used synonymously with \"trip hop\") is a genre of electronic music similar to ambient music, but with a greater emphasis on beats and a less \"earthy\" sound than trip hop.", "Q238124": "Lois Lowry (born Lois Ann Hammersberg on March 20, 1937) is a U.S. writer. She is the author of several books for children and young adults, including The Giver Quartet and Number the Stars. She is known for writing about difficult subject matters and complex themes in works for young audiences. \nLowry has won two Newbery Medals: for Number the Stars in 1990 and The Giver in 1994. Her book Gooney Bird Greene won the 2002 Rhode Island Children's Book Award.", "Q61761": "Ernst Pascual Jordan (German: [\u02c8j\u0254\u0250\u032fda\u02d0n]; 18 October 1902 \u2013 31 July 1980) was a German theoretical and mathematical physicist who made significant contributions to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. He contributed much to the mathematical form of matrix mechanics, and developed canonical anticommutation relations for fermions. Jordan algebra is employed for and is still used in studying the mathematical and conceptual foundations of quantum theory, and has found other mathematical applications.", "Q4960": "Jason Michael Lee (born April 25, 1970) is an American actor, producer, writer, photographer, comedian, and former professional skateboarder. He is best known for his role as Earl Hickey in the television comedy series My Name Is Earl, for which he was nominated for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy TV series in 2005 and 2006 by The Golden Globes. His other credits include David Seville in the live action/CGI film series, Alvin and the Chipmunks, and the voice of Syndrome in The Incredibles. He is also known for his roles in Kevin Smith films such as Mallrats, Chasing Amy, Dogma, Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back, Jersey Girl, Clerks II, and Cop Out, and has starred in Kissing a Fool, Almost Famous, Heartbreakers, Stealing Harvard, A Guy Thing, Monster House and Underdog. A former professional skateboarder, Lee is the co-founder and co-owner of Stereo Skateboards, a company that manufactures and distributes skateboard decks, equipment and apparel.", "Q85395": "Karin Scheele (born July 22, 1968 in Baden bei Wien) is an Austrian social democratic politician and was a member of the European Parliament from 1999 till 2008. In December 2008, she entered the regional government of her native Land of Lower Austria to become secretary in charge of Health and Social Affairs.\nAfter graduating from the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration she held various functions in the Austrian Socialist Youth Movement, in the International Union of Socialist Youth and in the Austrian Social Democratic Party.\nShe has been a member of the Austrian Western Sahara society since 1994 and was a member of the Western Sahara working group of the European Parliament.", "Q4037112": "Deathwish, Inc. is an independent record label conceived by Jacob Bannon of Converge and Tre McCarthy in 2000. Their first release was Deeper the Wound, a split album between Converge and Japanese band Hellchild on April 23, 2001. Deathwish established itself quickly, working with a diverse group of bands and eventually becoming one of the most respected and innovative labels in contemporary hardcore punk and aggressive music in general.After having previously worked with RED Distribution, in March 2016 Deathwish signed a global deal with Alternative Distribution Alliance (ADA), an independent distribution label under Warner Music Group that has also partnered with other punk labels including Epitaph Records, Rise Records and Run for Cover Records.", "Q163826": "Marosa di Giorgio (n\u00e9e Mar\u00eda Rosa di Giorgio M\u00e9dici, Salto, 1932 \u2013 Montevideo, 2004) was a Uruguayan poet and novelist.\nMarosa di Giorgio is considered one of the most singular voices in Latin America. Critics tend to agree that her writing is greatly influenced by European surrealism, although her vocabulary, style, and imagery are uniquely her own. Her work deals predominately with the imaginary world of childhood and nature.\nIn the past few years, Latin American critics such as Hugo Achugar, Luis Bravo, Leonardo Garet, Sylvia Guerra, Mar\u00eda Alejandra Minelli, and Mar\u00eda Rosa Olivera-Williams have explored Marosa Di Giorgio's writing. Uruguayan poet Roberto Echavarren published in 1991 \"Transplatinos\", which offers an excellent introduction to Di Giorgio's writing. \nSelected poems from The March Hare have been translated into English by K.A. Kopple and published in the 1995 by Exact Change Yearbook. An article discussing gender politics, parody, and desire (as elaborated by Gilles Deleuze) also written by K.A. Kopple appeared in March 2000 in the Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies. In'Identity, Nation, Discourse: Latin American Women Writers and Artists, edited by Claire Taylor (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009), Soledad Monta\u00f1ez opens up a new discussion of Di Giorgio's erotic writing. Monta\u00f1ez shows how \"Di Giorgio's erotic prose illustrates the representation and performance of patriarchal hierarchy as a perverse comedy, creating a genre that constructs gender narratives in order to undermine the patriarchal system from within.\" Monta\u00f1ez also affirms that \"The effect achieved in Marosa's radicalised narrative is ultimately a mocking performance, a burlesque discourse that reveals and denounces domination and power. Through a perverse representation Marosa exposes the complicated matter of culturally constructed sexual norms and develops a writing that is at the same time disturbing and astonishing\" (2009: 158).\nIn 1982 she received the Fraternity Award for literature.Translator Adam Giannelli is currently working on the English translation of her poems.", "Q2438358": "Jennifer Lopez Presents: Como Ama una Mujer, simply referred to as Como Ama una Mujer, is an American five-part miniseries based on the lyrics from the Jennifer Lopez album of the same name. It aired on the Univision Television Network in the fall of 2007. At the end of each episode, Lopez performs the theme song that inspired that episode. The five episodes were released as a two disc DVD set on December 18, 2007 in the United States.", "Q231100": "Emma Caulfield Ford (born Emma M. Chukker; April 8, 1973) is an American actress best known for her role as Anya Jenkins on the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1998\u20132003), as well as Susan Keats, a love interest of Brandon Walsh's on the television series Beverly Hills, 90210. Her film roles include Darkness Falls (2003) and TiMER (2009).", "Q68023": "Jean de Charpentier or Johann von Charpentier (8 December 1786 \u2013 12 December 1855) was a German-Swiss geologist who studied Swiss glaciers. He was born in Freiberg, Saxony, Germany and died in Bex, Switzerland.", "Q730943": "Charles John Hallahan (July 29, 1943 \u2013 November 25, 1997) was an American film, television and stage actor known for his performances in Going in Style, The Thing, Cast a Deadly Spell, and Dante's Peak.\nhe was also best known as Capt. Charlie Devane on Hunter from 1986-91.", "Q4717933": "Alex Serge Vieux is the chairman and publisher of Red Herring and CEO of Herring International. Through Red Herring Top 100 and other events, Vieux analyzes the potential of approximately 2,000 startups each year. His contributions to the IT industry span more than 20 years and include co-founding of DASAR, a European incubator and conference company. Currently, Vieux serves on the boards of several international public and private companies, including BVRP, CommerceOne, CheckPoint Software, Daum Communications and Kyriba.\nIn 1997, Vieux was named president of the Infotech Commission for the French Republic, under the auspice of the Minister of Economics and Finance. Vieux served on the board of directors for Tandem Computers for two years, until the company's merger with Compaq in 1997. Active in public service, he served as special adviser to the Minister of Industry in France from 1991 to 1993, covering all issues relating to the high-tech industry.\nIn 1988, he was named visiting professor at the University of Paris Dauphine. Vieux also held a position at the University of Paris La Sorbonne.\nVieux started his career at Andersen Consulting (1981\u20131985) implementing information systems. In 1985, he took a position as the US business correspondent for the French daily Le Monde and has authored more than 300 articles profiling the high-tech industry in the Silicon Valley. As an entrepreneur, Vieux co-founded CATS Software and Renaissance Software, firms focusing on the banking industry.\nA graduate of the Institute d\u2019Etudes Politiques and the French business school HEC, Vieux holds a law degree from the Universite de Paris and an MBA from Stanford University, where he was a Fulbright Scholar.", "Q104665": "Nina Eichinger (born 16 September 1981) is a German TV presenter and actress.\nEichinger was born in Munich, the daughter of film producer and director Bernd Eichinger. She was an MTV VJ and has been a jury member for Deutschland sucht den Superstar seasons 6 and 7. However, she missed the final of season 7 after being stuck in Los Angeles following flight restrictions as a result of the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull. She also played roles in The Three Musketeers (2011 film), The Baader Meinhof Complex and other movies.", "Q78230": "Christine Wilhelmine \"Minna\" Planer (5 September 1809 \u2013 25 January 1866) was a German actress and the first wife of composer Richard Wagner, to whom she was married for 30 years, although for the last 10 years they often lived apart. At an early age, she had an illegitimate daughter with a Royal Saxon Army officer, whom she raised as her own sister. After a stormy courtship, which involved infidelities on both sides, she married Richard Wagner in 1836.\nIn the early years Minna was the main wage earner in the household, having a successful career as a dramatic heroine who drew both applause for her abilities on stage and admirers for her beauty. She shared in many of the escapades of Wagner's life, including a perilous sea voyage to London, poverty in Paris, and following him around Europe after his involvement in the Dresden uprising of 1849, which led to his banishment from Germany.\nAfter Wagner's affair with Mathilde Wesendonck in 1857, Minna mostly lived apart from him. In later years she developed a heart condition which ultimately claimed her life.", "Q92831": "Peter Pin-Shan Chen (Chinese: \u9673\u54c1\u5c71, born in 1947) is a Taiwanese American computer scientist. He is a Distinguished Career Scientist and faculty member at Carnegie Mellon University, who is known for the development of the entity-relationship model in 1976.", "Q1070487": "Herut (Hebrew: \u05d7\u05b5\u05e8\u05d5\u05bc\u05ea, Freedom) was the major right-wing nationalist political party in Israel from 1948 until its formal merger into Likud in 1988. It was an adherent of Revisionist Zionism.", "Q63176": "Adam Heinrich M\u00fcller (30 June 1779 \u2013 17 January 1829; after 1827 Ritter von Nitterdorf) was a German publicist, literary critic, political economist, theorist of the state and forerunner of economic romanticism.\n\n", "Q1570102": "Hal Derwin or Hal Derwyn (July 14, 1914 \u2013 February 9, 1998) was an American dance bandleader, principally active in the 1940s.\nEarly in his career, Derwin was a member of a vocal trio with Lee Gillette (later a talent scout for Capitol Records). In the 1930s he worked with musicians such as Boyd Raeburn, Louis Panico, Shep Fields, and Les Brown, and formed his own band in Chicago in 1940 that included Freddy Large (of Jan Garber's band) as a sideman. He toured the Midwest for much of the 1940s, and had several 10-inch singles released on Capitol Records after World War II, including the hit song \"The Old Lamp-Lighter\", which reached number six on the Billboard chart. In the early 1950s his band took up a residency at the Biltmore Bowl in Los Angeles for six years and was broadcast on NBC Radio. Derwin continued to record and perform on the side, including with Artie Shaw and in a duet with Martha Tilton. Later in his career he worked in artist and repertory for Capitol.", "Q182372": "Estelle Louise Fletcher (born July 22, 1934), known professionally as Louise Fletcher, is an American actress.\nFletcher had her acting debut in the television series Yancy Derringer in 1958. She guest starred in the television series Wagon Train in 1959 before making her film debut in A Gathering of Eagles in 1963. In 1974, after a decade-long hiatus from acting in which she raised a family, Fletcher appeared in Robert Altman's Thieves Like Us. The following year, Fletcher gained international recognition for her performance as Nurse Ratched in the drama film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress, BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. She became only the third actress to ever win an Academy Award, BAFTA Award and Golden Globe Award for a single performance, after Audrey Hepburn and Liza Minnelli. Other notable film roles include Exorcist II: The Heretic (1977), Brainstorm (1983), Firestarter (1984), Flowers in the Attic (1987), 2 Days in the Valley (1996), and Cruel Intentions (1999).\nLater in her career, Fletcher returned to television, appearing as Winn Adami in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1993\u20131999), as well as receiving Primetime Emmy Award nominations for her guest-starring roles in the television series Picket Fences (1996) and Joan of Arcadia (2004). In 2011\u20132012, she appeared in a recurring role on the Showtime television series Shameless as Frank Gallagher's foul-mouthed and hard-living mother who is serving a prison sentence for manslaughter. More recently, she portrayed the recurring role of Rosie on the Netflix series Girlboss (2017).", "Q1811161": "The Shining (stylized as Stephen King's The Shining) is a three-episode horror television miniseries based on the Stephen King novel of the same name. Directed by Mick Garris from King's teleplay, it is the second adaptation of King's book after a 1980 film by Stanley Kubrick and was written and produced by King based on his dissatisfaction with Kubrick's version. ABC was quick to offer King the ability to write his script for the adaptation of his book thanks to previous successes with King miniseries such as It (1990), The Tommyknockers (1993), and The Stand (1994), which was also directed by Garris. The miniseries was shot at The Stanley Hotel in Estes Park, Colorado, King's inspiration for the novel, in March 1997.\nThe 1997 adaptation stars Steven Weber as Jack Torrance; Rebecca De Mornay as Jack's wife Wendy; Courtland Mead and Wil Horneff as different-aged versions of Danny Torrance; and Melvin Van Peebles as Dick Hallorann. Actors such as Pat Hingle, Elliott Gould, John Durbin, Stanley Anderson, Lisa Thornhill, and Garris' wife Cynthia appear in supporting roles; and several notable writers and filmmakers who work in the horror genre also cameo in the miniseries' ballroom scene, King himself appearing as an orchestra conductor.\nOriginally airing from April 27 to May 1, 1997 on ABC, The Shining enjoyed a favorable reception when it first aired. It was a ratings hit, being in the top 20 of daily viewership numbers for all three episodes; acclaimed by critics for its careful pacing, depth, and creepy atmosphere; and won two Primetime Emmy and two Saturn Awards. However, retrospective critics have viewed the miniseries less fondly, comparing it unfavorably to Kubrick's film version.", "Q177853": "Veikko Emil Aleksander Vennamo (originally Fennander) (11 June 1913 \u2013 12 June 1997) was a Finnish politician. In 1959, he founded the Finnish Rural Party (Suomen Maaseudun Puolue), which was succeeded by the True Finns in 1995. He had originally been the leader of a faction of the Agrarian League. When his opponent, Urho Kekkonen, was elected president of Finland, Vennamo broke off his Agrarian League affiliation. Vennamo was a member of Parliament in 1945\u20131962 and 1966\u20131987. He was also the director of the Agricultural ministry's Resettlement office in 1944\u20131959 and was responsible for the resettlement of the farmers evacuated from the ceded Karelia. Later he was a department director at the Board of Customs.\nVennamo was born in Jaakkima, Ladoga Karelia, now in Russia. He was one of the loudest and most prominent critics of President Kekkonen. He also criticized the centre-left governments of the 1960s and 1970s for worsening the living conditions of small farmers and poor workers, for example by favouring the big cities at the expense of the rural towns in abolishing small schools and grocery stores. Vennamo became famous for using simple slogans (kyll\u00e4 kansa tiet\u00e4\u00e4!, \"the people do know!\") and catchphrases, some of which became popular terms such as \"the forgotten people\" and r\u00f6t\u00f6sherra (a pejorative for corrupted politicians).\nHe was a presidential candidate in 1968, 1978 and 1982. In the 1968 presidential election, he negatively surprised President Kekkonen and his centre-left allies by getting 11% of the votes. The populist Rural Party got 9% of the deputies in the 1970 and 1972 parliamentary elections, and 8.5% of the deputies in the 1983 parliamentary elections. Vennamo's autocratic manner of leading his party caused the majority of the newly elected Rural Party MPs to defect and form a new party called Finnish People's Unity Party in 1972. Vennamo also encouraged his parliamentary group to make hundreds of bills for the legislature. He became more notorious when he had to be carried out from a parliamentary session by the janitors after defying the speaker's orders in 1974. After the 1983 elections, the Rural Party was allowed to join the government, but Vennamo preferred not to become a cabinet minister.\nIn the 1988 presidential election, he supported the reelection of President Mauno Koivisto.", "Q33999": "An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance (also actress; see below). The actor performs \"in the flesh\" in the traditional medium of the theatre or in modern media such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 (hupokrit\u1e17s), literally \"one who answers\". The actor's interpretation of their role\u2014the art of acting\u2014pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. This can also be considered an \"actor's role,\" which was called this due to scrolls being used in the theaters. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is \"playing themselves\", as in some forms of experimental performance art.\nFormerly, in ancient Greece and Rome, the medieval world, and the time of William Shakespeare, only men could become actors, and women's roles were generally played by men or boys. While Ancient Rome did allow female stage performers, only a small minority of them were given speaking parts. The commedia dell\u2019arte of Italy, however, allowed professional women to perform early on: Lucrezia Di Siena, whose name is on a contract of actors from 10 October 1564, has been referred to as the first Italian actress known by name, with Vincenza Armani and Barbara Flaminia as the first primadonna's and the first well documented actresses in Italy (and Europe). After the English Restoration of 1660, women began to appear on stage in England. In modern times, particularly in pantomime and some operas, women occasionally play the roles of boys or young men.", "Q225175": "Snake in the Eagle's Shadow (Chinese: \u86c7\u5f62\u5201\u624b) is a 1978 Hong Kong martial arts action comedy film directed by Yuen Woo-ping in his directorial debut, and starring Jackie Chan, Hwang Jang Lee and Yuen Woo-ping's real life father, Yuen Siu Tien.\nRight after this film, Yuen Woo-ping directed Drunken Master, released in the same year, which also starred Jackie Chan, Hwang Jang Lee and Yuen Siu Tien, and followed a similar plot.", "Q167498": "Meg Ryan (born Margaret Mary Emily Hyra; November 19, 1961) is an American actress and producer. Ryan began her acting career in 1981 in minor roles before joining the cast of the CBS soap opera As the World Turns in 1982. Subsequently, she began to appear in supporting roles in films during the mid 1980s like box office hit Top Gun, achieving recognition in independent films such as Promised Land (1987) before her performance in the Rob Reiner-directed romantic comedy When Harry Met Sally... (1989) brought her widespread attention and her first Golden Globe nomination.\nRyan subsequently established herself, both nationally and internationally, as one of the most successful actresses in the 1990s and early 2000s, particularly in romantic comedy films such as Sleepless in Seattle (1993), French Kiss (1995), You've Got Mail (1998), and Kate & Leopold (2001). Her other films include The Doors (1991), When a Man Loves a Woman (1994), Courage Under Fire (1996), Addicted to Love (1997), City of Angels (1998), Proof of Life (2000), and The Women (2008). In 2015, she made her directorial debut with Ithaca, a film in which she also acted.", "Q12957": "Raymond Octave Joseph Barre (French: [\u0281\u025bm\u0254\u0303 ba\u0281]; 12 April 1924 \u2013 25 August 2007) was a French centre-right politician and economist. He was a Vice President of the European Commission and Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs under three Presidents (Rey, Malfatti and Mansholt) and later served as Prime Minister under Val\u00e9ry Giscard d'Estaing from 1976 until 1981. As a candidate for the presidency in 1988, he came in third and was eliminated in the first round. He was born in Saint-Denis, in the French island of R\u00e9union, then still a colony (it became an overseas department in 1946).", "Q106072": "Wolf Mittler (1 January 1918 \u2013 11 November 2002) was a German radio host and journalist, known as one of the persons associated with the nickname Lord Haw-Haw.\nHe became internationally known as Lord Haw-Haw on the English language propaganda radio programme Germany Calling, broadcast by Nazi German radio to audiences in Great Britain and the United States, during World War II. Mittler spoke nearly flawless English, as he had learnt it from his mother (who was born in Ireland to German parents) in childhood.During his career broadcasting for Germany Calling, Mittler was reported to find political matters distasteful, and was eventually replaced by Norman Baillie-Stewart (a former British spy for Nazi Germany). In 1943, Mittler fell under suspicion and fled to Italy, where he was captured by the Gestapo, but managed to escape to Switzerland.After the end of World War II and his subsequent return to Germany, he became a radio host for Bavarian Radio. There he became best known for his simultaneous translation of Kennedy's speech addressing the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, and the first manned moonlanding live in 1969, among others.\nLater in his career he spoke the traffic information for German radio Bayern 3.", "Q109341": "Herbert Fischer (1914\u20132006) was a German diplomat, indologist and the ambassador of the erstwhile German Democratic Republic to India from 1972 to 1976. Born on 10 April 1914 in Herrnhut, in East Germany to a craftsman, he migrated to western Europe in 1933 where he did his schooling and moved to India in 1936 which gave him the opportunity to get acquainted with Gandhiji. After the Indian independence in 1947, he went back to the German Democratic Republic and joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1956. He served as the Chief of East German Trade Mission in the late 1960s before becoming the East German ambassador to India in 1972. He was the author of many Indological books which included Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, a biography of the Indian leader. He was a recipient of the Patriotic Order of Merit III Class. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 2003, for his contributions to public affairs.", "Q328323": "Jos\u00e9 Francisco Barrundia y Cepeda (May 12, 1787, Guatemala City \u2013 August 4, 1854, New York City) was a liberal Central American politician. From June 26, 1829 to September 16, 1830 he was interim president of the United Provinces of Central America.", "Q254954": "Aimee Richelle Teegarden (born October 10, 1989) is an American actress, model, and producer. She starred as Julie Taylor in the NBC drama Friday Night Lights (2006\u20132011). In 2014, she starred as Emery Whitehill in The CW's short-lived science fiction romantic drama Star-Crossed.", "Q543915": "Margaret Craven (March 13, 1901 \u2013 July 19, 1980) was an American author.\n\n", "Q1811175": "Prestige Records is a jazz record company and label founded in 1949 by Bob Weinstock in New York City. The company recorded hundreds of albums by many of the leading jazz musicians of the day, sometimes issuing them under subsidiaries. In 1971, the company was sold to Fantasy, which was later absorbed by Concord.", "Q177847": "Lucian of Samosata (c. 125 \u2013 after 180 AD) was an Assyrian satirist and rhetorician who is best known for his characteristic tongue-in-cheek style, with which he frequently ridiculed superstition, religious practices, and belief in the paranormal. Although his native language was probably Syriac, all of his extant works are written entirely in Ancient Greek (mostly in the Atticized dialect popular during the Second Sophistic period).\nEverything that is known about Lucian's life comes from his own writings, which are often difficult to interpret because of his extensive use of sarcasm. According to his oration The Dream, he was the son of a lower middle class family from the village of Samosata along the banks of the Euphrates in the remote Roman province of Syria. As a young man, he was apprenticed to his uncle to become a sculptor, but, after a failed attempt at sculpting, he ran away to pursue an education in Ionia. He may have become a travelling lecturer and visited universities throughout the Roman Empire. After acquiring fame and wealth through his teaching, Lucian finally settled down in Athens for a decade, during which he wrote most of his extant works. In his old age, he may have been appointed as a highly-paid government official in Egypt, after which point he disappears from the historical record.\nLucian's works were wildly popular in antiquity, and more than eighty writings attributed to him have survived to the present day, a considerably higher quantity than for most other classical writers. His most famous work is A True Story, a tongue-in-cheek satire against authors who tell incredible tales, which is regarded by some as the earliest known work of science fiction. Lucian invented the genre of the comic dialogue, a parody of the traditional Platonic dialogue. His dialogue The Lover of Lies makes fun of people who believe in the supernatural and contains the oldest known version of \"The Sorcerer's Apprentice\". Lucian wrote numerous satires making fun of traditional stories about the gods including The Dialogues of the Gods, Icaromenippus, Zeus Rants, Zeus Catechized, and The Parliament of the Gods. His Dialogues of the Dead focuses on the Cynic philosophers Diogenes and Menippus. Philosophies for Sale and The Banquet or Lapiths make fun of various philosophical schools, and The Fisherman or the Dead Come to Life is a defense of this mockery.\nLucian often ridiculed public figures, such as the Cynic philosopher Peregrinus Proteus in his letter The Passing of Peregrinus and the fraudulent oracle Alexander of Abonoteichus in his treatise Alexander the False Prophet. Lucian's treatise On the Syrian Goddess satirizes cultural distinctions between Greeks and Syrians and is the main source of information about the cult of Atargatis. Lucian had an enormous, wide-ranging impact on Western literature. Works inspired by his writings include Sir Thomas More's Utopia, the works of Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais, William Shakespeare's Timon of Athens and Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels.", "Q166792": "Joseph Edward Willard (May 1, 1865 \u2013 April 4, 1924) was a Virginia politician, prominent philanthropist, and U.S. diplomat.", "Q4127467": "Mr Selfridge is a British period drama television series about Harry Gordon Selfridge and his department store, Selfridge & Co, in London, set from 1908 to 1928. It was co-produced by ITV Studios and Masterpiece/WGBH for broadcast on ITV. The series began broadcasting on ITV on 6 January 2013 and 30 March 2016 on PBS in the United States.", "Q12943": "Yves Blein is a French politician representing La R\u00e9publique En Marche! He was elected to the French National Assembly on 18 June 2017, representing the department of Rh\u00f4ne.", "Q275756": "Jocelyn Seagrave (born September 9, 1968) is an American film and television actress, best known for playing Julie Camaletti on Guiding Light and Jessica Mitchell on Fox's Pacific Palisades.", "Q669188": "Pagig is a village in the district of Plessur in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden, Switzerland. An independent municipality before, it merged on January 1, 2008 with neighboring St. Peter to form the municipality of St. Peter-Pagig.", "Q65513": "Karl August Fritz Schiller (24 April 1911 \u2013 26 December 1994) was a German economist and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). From 1966 to 1972, he was Federal Minister of Economic Affairs and from 1971 to 1972 Federal Minister of Finance. He was the inventor of the magic square, depicting Economic equilibrium, and of the Concerted activity (Konzertierte Aktion) to reflate the German market. He is thus seen as one of the most influential German economists beside Ludwig Erhard.", "Q484292": "Chingiz Torekulovich Aitmatov (as transliterated from Russian; Kyrgyz: \u0427\u044b\u04a3\u0433\u044b\u0437 \u0422\u04e9\u0440\u04e9\u043a\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0439\u0442\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, properly transliterated: C\u0131\u014bg\u0131z T\u00f6r\u00f6kulovic Aytmatov; 12 December 1928 \u2013 10 June 2008) was a Soviet and Kyrgyz author who wrote in both Kyrgyz and Russian. He is one of the best known figures in Kyrgyzstan's literature.", "Q86688": "Albert Rohan (Prince Albert de Rohan) (9 May 1936 \u2013 4 June 2019) was an Austrian diplomat. He served as Permanent Secretary of the Austrian Foreign Ministry 1996\u20132001.", "Q9288": "Hebrew (; \u05e2\u05b4\u05d1\u05b0\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05ea\u200e, Ivrit Hebrew pronunciation: [iv\u02c8\u0281it] or [\u0295iv\u02c8\u027eit] (listen)) is a Northwest Semitic language native to Israel. In 2013, Modern Hebrew was spoken by over nine million people worldwide. Historically, it is regarded as the language of the Israelites and their ancestors, although the language was not referred to by the name \"Hebrew\" in the Tanakh itself. The earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date from the 10th century BCE. Hebrew belongs to the West Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family. Hebrew is the only Canaanite language still spoken, and the only truly successful example of a revived dead language.Hebrew had ceased to be an everyday spoken language somewhere between 200 and 400 CE, declining since the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt. Aramaic and, to a lesser extent, Greek were already in use as international languages, especially among elites and immigrants. Hebrew survived into the medieval period as the language of Jewish liturgy, rabbinic literature, intra-Jewish commerce and poetry. With the rise of Zionism in the 19th century, it was revived as a spoken and literary language, becoming the main language of the Yishuv, and subsequently of the State of Israel. According to Ethnologue, in 1998, Hebrew was the language of five million people worldwide. After Israel, the United States has the second-largest Hebrew-speaking population, with about 220,000 fluent speakers, mostly from Israel.\nModern Hebrew is the official language of the State of Israel, while premodern Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jewish communities around the world today. The Samaritan dialect is also the liturgical tongue of the Samaritans, while modern Hebrew or Arabic is their vernacular. As a foreign language, it is studied mostly by Jews and students of Judaism and Israel, and by archaeologists and linguists specializing in the Middle East and its civilizations, as well as by theologians in Christian seminaries.\nThe first five books of the Torah, and most of the rest of the Hebrew Bible, is written in Biblical Hebrew, with much of its present form in the dialect that scholars believe flourished around the 6th century BCE, around the time of the Babylonian captivity. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as Lashon Hakodesh (\u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05e9), \"the Holy Language\", since ancient times.", "Q1363457": "Erwin Schrott (born 21 December 1972 in Montevideo, Uruguay) is an operatic bass-baritone, particularly known for his interpretation of the title role in Mozart's Don Giovanni.", "Q328337": "Harry George Hawker MBE, AFC (22 January 1889 \u2013 12 July 1921) was an Australian aviation pioneer. He was the chief test pilot for Sopwith and was also involved in the design of many of their aircraft. After the First World War, he co-founded Hawker Aircraft, the firm that would later be responsible for a long series of successful military aircraft. He died on 12 July 1921 when the aircraft he was to fly in the Aerial Derby crashed in a park at Burnt Oak, Edgware, not far from Hendon Aerodrome.", "Q1476215": "A human rights defender or human rights activist is a person who, individually or with others, acts to promote or protect human rights. They can be journalists, environmentalists, whistle-blowers, trade unionists, lawyers, teachers, housing campaigners, or just individuals acting alone. They can defend rights as part of their jobs or in a voluntary capacity. As a result of their activities, they can sometimes be the subject of reprisals and attacks of all kinds, including smears, surveillance, harassment, false charges, arbitrary detention, restrictions on the right to freedom of association, and physical attacks.", "Q76209": "Walter Zimmermann (born Schwabach, Germany, April 15, 1949) is a German composer associated with the Cologne School.\nZimmermann studied composition in Germany with Werner Heider and Mauricio Kagel, the theory of musical intelligence at the Institute of Sonology in Utrecht (now located in The Hague), and computer music at Colgate University in New York.\nZimmermann's works are infused by a personal adaptation of minimal technique. Whereas many early American minimalist composers were influenced in their works by rock, jazz, and world musics, Zimmermann has drawn a great deal of inspiration from his Franconian heritage. A number of his works, particularly his groups of pieces known as Lokale Musik, use the traditional music of this area as source material. These works frequently begin with melodic material derived from Franconian folk songs, which are rearranged and transformed in novel ways.\nIn 1976, Zimmermann published a collection of interviews with American musicians and composers entitled Desert Plants: Conversations With 23 American Musicians.", "Q95192": "Arthur Leist (8 July 1852 \u2013 22 March 1927) was a German writer, journalist and translator of Georgian and Armenian literature.\nHe was born and educated at Breslau. During the Russo-Turkish War (1877\u20131878), he got interested in the Caucasus. After his three visits to Georgia between 1884 and 1892, Leist decided to permanently settle in Tiflis. He regularly wrote on the history, ethnography and culture of Georgia, and translated many pieces of classic Georgian and Armenian literature. He compiled the first anthology of Georgian poetry in German in 1887 and, with the help of the Georgian writer Ilia Chavchavadze, published the complete German translation of the medieval Georgian epic poem The Knight in the Panther's Skin by Shota Rustaveli in 1889. From 1906 to 1922, he edited Kaukasische Post, the only newspaper of the Caucasian German community. He died in Tiflis and was buried at the Didube Pantheon.", "Q375024": "Istv\u00e1n Thom\u00e1n (Hungarian: [\u02c8i\u0283tva\u02d0n \u02c8toma\u02d0n]; 4 November 1862 \u2013 22 September 1940) was a Hungarian piano virtuoso and music educator. He was a notable piano teacher, with students including B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k, Ern\u0151 Dohn\u00e1nyi and Georges Cziffra. His six-volume Technique of Piano Playing is still in use today.", "Q229983": "Elizabeth Alice MacGraw (born April 1, 1939) is an American actress. She first gained attention with her role in the film Goodbye, Columbus (1969), for which she won the Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer. She gained an international profile for her role in the film Love Story (1970), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture \u2013 Drama. In 1972, MacGraw was voted the top female box office star in the world and was honored with a hands and footprints ceremony at Grauman's Chinese Theatre after having been in just three films. She went on to star in the popular action films The Getaway (1972) and Convoy (1978) as well as the romantic sports drama Players (1979), the comedy Just Tell Me What You Want (1980), and the historical novel-based television miniseries The Winds of War (1983). In 1991, she published an autobiography, Moving Pictures.", "Q102200": "\u00c1rp\u00e1d G\u00f6ncz (Hungarian: [\u02c8a\u02d0rpa\u02d0d \u02c8\u0261\u00f8nt\u0361s]; 10 February 1922 \u2013 6 October 2015) was a Hungarian writer, translator, agronomist and liberal politician, who served as President of Hungary from 2 May 1990 to 4 August 2000. G\u00f6ncz played a role in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, for which he was imprisoned for six years. After his release, he worked as a translator of English-language literary works. He was also a founding member of the Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ) and Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary (de facto Acting President) before becoming President. He was Hungary's first freely elected head of state, as well as the first in 42 years who was not a Communist or a fellow traveler.\nHe was a member of the international advisory council of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.", "Q2983635": "Coll\u00e8ge Notre-Dame de Jamhour is a private, French-language, Jesuit, Catholic educational institution set in Jamhour (eastern suburb of Beirut, Lebanon). It is one of the most prominent educational institutions in the middle east and the region. Its campus is set in a pine forest and includes Petit Coll\u00e8ge, Grand coll\u00e8ge, a church, and a sports complex. Before the late 1950s, the campus was located on Rue Huvelin in Beirut.Notre-Dame offers French and Lebanese baccalaureate programs with specializations in mathematics (Sciences g\u00e9n\u00e9rales), biology (Sciences de la vie), economics, social sciences (ES), and humanities (H). Students are taught in the Jesuit tradition of excellence. Language classes include French, Arabic, English, and Spanish/Italian (optional). The school scores high in official exams and enjoys a high standing among Lebanese schools.\nSports and arts are very encouraged in this institution . Jamhour's students and alumni are well ranked in sports such as track and field, gymnastics, swimming, ping pong, squash, badminton and most recently handball and rugby. A lot of athletes are also engaged in the Lebanese National teams in their respective sports.\nJamhour was founded in Ghazir and is still run by Jesuit priests. It welcomes students from \"douzi\u00e8me\" (equivalent of kindergarten) to \"Terminale\" (12th grade). It is affiliated with Coll\u00e8ge Saint-Gr\u00e9goire in Achrafieh, Beirut, and has close ties and a common history with the Universit\u00e9 Saint-Joseph (USJ), Beirut.", "Q152437": "Alva Myrdal ( MUR-dahl, MEER-, Swedish: [\u02c8\u01cel\u02d0va \u02c8my\u030c\u02d0\u0256\u0251\u02d0l]; n\u00e9e Reimer; 31 January 1902 \u2013 1 February 1986) was a Swedish sociologist, diplomat and politician. She was a prominent leader of the disarmament movement. She, along with Alfonso Garcia Robles, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982. She married Gunnar Myrdal in 1924.", "Q981763": "Hisham Talat Moustafa (Arabic: \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u200e) is an Egyptian businessman who had been elected in 2004 to the Shura Council in the Parliament of Egypt. As the former chairman and head of the Real Estate Branch of the Talaat Moustafa Group, his net worth was estimated at $800 million in 2007. He was arrested on September 2, 2008 and found guilty on May 21, 2009 for his involvement in the murder of Lebanese singer Suzanne Tamim, but his sentence to death by hanging was overturned on a legal technicality. Following a retrial in 2010, he was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment. Moustafa was released after 9 years on June 23, 2017 after receiving a presidential pardon.", "Q77117": "Bertha Benz (pronunciation , n\u00e9e Ringer; 3 May 1849 \u2013 5 May 1944) was a German automotive pioneer. She was the business partner and wife of automobile inventor Karl Benz. On 5 August 1888, she was the first person to drive an automobile over a long distance, rigorously field testing the patent Motorwagen, inventing brake pads and solving several practical issues during the 65 miles (105 km) trip. In doing so, she brought the Benz Patent-Motorwagen worldwide attention and got the company its first sales.", "Q104117": "Clemens Kuby (born 17 November 1947, in Herrsching am Ammersee) is a German documentary writer and film maker. He is a proponent of self healing techniques. He is the nephew of Nobel prize recipient Werner Heisenberg.", "Q345859": "Dennis G. Fentie (November 8, 1950 \u2013 August 30, 2019) was a Canadian politician. He was the seventh Premier of Yukon and leader of the Yukon Party, serving from 2002 to 2011, as well as the MLA for Watson Lake.\nBefore entering politics, Fentie was involved in logging, tourism, mining, trucking, and fuel distribution in and around Watson Lake. Fentie had served as director of both the Association of Yukon Forests and the Watson Lake Chamber of Commerce.\nFentie was elected twice (in 1996 and 2000) as a NDP MLA after which he joined the Yukon party, later getting elected as its leader. In the 2002 election, Fentie led the Yukon Party to a majority government. The party won 12 of 18 seats available in the Yukon Legislative Assembly. Fentie was re-elected for a fourth time in the riding of Watson Lake and the Yukon Party was voted to a second straight majority government. The Yukon Party won 12 of 18 seats in the legislative assembly. On April 27, 2011, Fentie announced he was stepping down as premier and would not seek re-election as MLA in the 2011 election.\nIn 2003, Fentie along with two other territorial premiers opposed the Health Accord proposed by Ottawa. He maintained that the deal did not take into consideration the ground realities and cost of delivering services in the northern regions. Eventually a new funding deal was brought up as a result of which the three territories received greater funding from Ottawa. The negotiations had also led to a new approach for the North. Among Fentie's major accomplishments were the establishment of the hospitals at Watson Lake and Dawson City, the improvements to the Robert Campbell Highway and increase in the industry in Watson Lake. Fentie along with the officials and MLAs conducted the annual community tours, to visit every community and conducted public meetings with the residents to let their problems be known to the bureaucrats.", "Q267434": "Carol Elizabeth Heiss Jenkins (born January 20, 1940) is an American former figure skater and actress. Competing in ladies' singles, she became the 1960 Olympic champion, the 1956 Olympic silver medalist, and a five-time World champion (1956\u20131960).", "Q67462": "Friedrich Wilhelm Sievers (3 December 1860 \u2013 11 June 1921) was a German geologist and geographer. He served as professor of geography at the University of Giessen. His field work focussed on South America, and his Allgemeine L\u00e4nderkunde was for several decades a standard work on world geography.\n\n", "Q186666": "Santiago Casares y Quiroga (A Coru\u00f1a, Galicia, 8 May 1884 \u2013 Paris, 17 February 1950) was Prime Minister of Spain from 13 May to 19 July 1936.Leader and founder of the Autonomous Galician Republican Organization (ORGA), a Galician regionalist party, Casares participated in the Pact of San Sebasti\u00e1n in 1930, a platform composed of the principal parties of the republican opposition which aimed to bring down the monarchy of Alfonso XIII. He served as representative of the Galician Republican Federation, a republican group formed by his ORGA along with other Galician republican forces such as the Radical Party, the federalists and the radical-socialists.\nIn December 1930, he was sent clandestinely to Jaca as a delegate of the National Revolutionary Committee (CRN), to prevent Captain Ferm\u00edn Gal\u00e1n Rodr\u00edguez from rising the Jaca garrison in advance of the date agreed by the CRN. Casares Quiroga did not arrive in time to stop Gal\u00e1n, and the Jaca uprising took place on 12 December 1930 without success. As a result, Casares Quiroga was imprisoned.\nWith the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in April 1931, he was named Minister of the Navy in the provisional government, becoming later the Minister of Governance (Interior). He was elected a deputy for ORGA in the Constituent Cortes, and remained Minister of Governance during the socialist-republican biennium (1931\u20131933) in the government of Manuel Aza\u00f1a, Casares\u2019 personal friend.\nHe was reelected to the Cortes in 1933, and in 1934 joined his party (now the Galician Republican Party) with Aza\u00f1a\u2019s and others to create the Republican Left, a party which would then become a part of the Popular Front. Casares Quiroga was again reelected in February 1936 and was named Minister of Public Works. After Aza\u00f1a became President of the Republic in May, Casares Quiroga on 10 May became the 132nd Prime Minister and Minister of War. As the prime minister, he organized the referendum on the Galician Statute of Autonomy (the third statute of autonomy under the Republic, after Catalonia and the Basque Country), which was approved on 28 June 1936.\nHe was serving as prime minister when the military uprising of 17 July 1936 took place, which then developed into the Spanish Civil War. Incapable of confronting the uprising, Casares resigned on 19 July and was replaced by Diego Mart\u00ednez Barrio, whose government was never confirmed, and then definitely by Jos\u00e9 Giral. Historians have generally agreed that Casares refused to deliver arms to the revolutionary workers\u2019 organizations as the right-wing uprising unfolded. The memoirs of his daughter Mar\u00eda Casares denied this.\nHe did not hold any other office during the Civil War, and left for France along with Aza\u00f1a and Mart\u00ednez Barrio after the fall of Catalonia. He died in exile in 1950. He was the father of actress Mar\u00eda Casares.\nHe was an atheist.", "Q1371735": "Julian David Cope (born 21 October 1957) is an English musician, author, antiquarian, musicologist, poet and cultural commentator. Originally coming to prominence in 1978 as the singer and songwriter in Liverpool post-punk band the Teardrop Explodes, he has followed a solo career since 1983 and worked on musical side projects such as Queen Elizabeth, Brain Donor and Black Sheep.\nCope is also an author on Neolithic culture, publishing The Modern Antiquarian in 1998, and an outspoken political and cultural activist with a noted and public interest in occultism and paganism. He has written two volumes of autobiography; Head-On (1994) and Repossessed (1999); two volumes of archaeology; The Modern Antiquarian (1998) and The Megalithic European (2004); and three volumes of musicology; Krautrocksampler (1995), Japrocksampler (2007); and Copendium: A Guide to the Musical Underground (2012).", "Q68751": "Omar Amin (born Johann Jakob von Leers; 25 January 1902 \u2013 5 March 1965) was an Alter K\u00e4mpfer and an honorary Sturmbannf\u00fchrer in the Waffen SS in Nazi Germany, where he was also a professor known for his anti-Jewish polemics. He was one of the most important ideologues of the Third Reich, serving as a high-ranking propaganda ministry official. He later served in the Egyptian Information Department, as well as an advisor to Gamal Abdel Nasser. He published for Goebbels, in Peron's Argentina and for Nasser's Egypt. He converted to Islam, and changed his name to Omar Amin.\n\n", "Q472504": "Jason Iain Flemyng (born 25 September 1966) is an English actor.\nFlemyng is known for his film work, which has included roles in British films such as Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998) and Snatch (2000), both for Guy Ritchie, as well as Hollywood productions such as Rob Roy (1995), the Alan Moore comic book adaptations From Hell (2001) and The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003), and The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008). He has also appeared in prominent roles in both theatre and television in the UK. Flemyng speaks French fluently, and has made three films in that language. He won the Best Actor Award at the Geneva Film Festival for his role in 1996's Alive and Kicking.", "Q739973": "Gabriel Chevallier (3 May 1895 \u2013 6 April 1969) was a French novelist widely known as the author of the satire Clochemerle.", "Q312901": "Josep Borrell Fontelles (Catalan: [\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bb bu\u02c8re\u028e fun\u02c8te\u028e\u0259s]; born 24 April 1947) is a Spanish politician, current High Representative of the European Union since 1 December 2019. A member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation of the Government of Spain from 2018 to 2019, having previously served under Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez as Minister of Public Works from 1991 to 1996.\nBorn and raised in the Catalan village of La Pobla de Segur, Borrell, aeronautical engineer and economist by training as well as professor of mathematics, entered politics in the 1970s as PSOE member during Spain's transition to democracy, and went on to serve in several prominent positions during the governments of Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez, first within the Ministry of Economy and Finance as General Secretary for the Budget and Public Spending (1982\u20131984) and Secretary of State for Finance (1984\u20131991), then joining the Council of Ministers as Minister of Public Works and Transport (1991\u20131996). In the opposition after the 1996 election, Borrell unexpectedly won the PSOE primary in 1998 and was the designated prime ministerial candidate of the party until resigning in 1999, then relocated to European politics, becoming MEP during the 2004\u20132009 legislative period and serving as President of the European Parliament for the first half of the term.\nHe returned to the Spanish Council of Ministers in June 2018, when he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, the European Union and Cooperation in the S\u00e1nchez government.\nIn July 2019, Borrell was revealed as the European Council's nominee to be appointed as High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.", "Q175936": "Kiyohara no Motosuke (\u6e05\u539f \u5143\u8f14, 908 \u2013 June 990) was a Heian period waka poet and Japanese nobleman. His daughter was the Heian poet and author Sei Sh\u014dnagon, famous today for writing The Pillow Book. He is designated a member of the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals, and one of his poems is included in the famous Ogura Hyakunin Isshu. His court career included terms as governor of Kawachi Province and Higo Province.\nAs one of the Five Men of the Pear Chamber (\u68a8\u58fa\u306e\u4e94\u4eba), Kiyohara no Motosuke assisted in the compilation of the Gosen Wakash\u016b. This group also compiled kundoku (\u8a13\u8aad) readings for texts from the Man'y\u014dsh\u016b.\nHis poems are included in several official poetry anthologies, including the Sh\u016bi Wakash\u016b. A personal collection known as the Motosukesh\u016b (\u5143\u8f14\u96c6) also remains.", "Q271256": "Ronee Sue Blakley (born August 24, 1945) is an American actress, singer-songwriter, composer, producer and director, she is perhaps best known for her work as an actress. Her most well-known role was the fictional country superstar Barbara Jean in Robert Altman's 1975 film Nashville, for which she won a National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress and was nominated for an Academy Award. She also had a role in A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984).", "Q61013": "Egon Alfred Klepsch (January 30, 1930 \u2013 September 18, 2010.) was a German politician (CDU).\nIn the years 1963\u20131969 Klepsch was Federal leader of the Junge Union. In 1965 he worked briefly as an election campaign manager for Ludwig Erhard. In the same year he was elected to the German Bundestag, to which he belonged until 1980.\nSince 1964, Klepsch had been active at the European level. From 1973 he was a Member of the European Parliament in parallel to the Bundestag. After the first direct election of the parliament in 1979 Klepsch became chairman of the European People's Party (EPP) parliamentary group. After he had stood in vain in 1982 for the office of President of the European Parliament, he was elected in 1992 with the support of the EPP and Party of European Socialists parliamentary groups. In 1994 he retired from the European Parliament and became an advisor to Deutschen Verm\u00f6gensberatungs AG.", "Q1926915": "Michael \"Michi\" Beck (born 11 December 1967) also known by his pseudonym as the disc jockey Dee Jot Hausmarke, is a member of the German hip hop group Die Fantastischen Vier where he acts as DJ and MC. He forms the duo Turntablerocker, with Thomas Burchia.", "Q82388": "Billy Two Hats is a 1974 Western film directed by Ted Kotcheff. It stars Gregory Peck, Jack Warden and Desi Arnaz, Jr.\nFilmed on-location in Israel, Billy Two Hats is from a script by Scottish writer Alan Sharp, the screenwriter of Rob Roy and Ulzana's Raid.", "Q1701025": "John McEnery (1 November 1943 \u2013 12 April 2019) was an English actor and writer.\nBorn in Birmingham, he trained (1962\u201364) at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, playing, among others, Mosca in Ben Jonson's Volpone and Gaveston in Marlowe's Edward II. At the age of 20 he found his first stage work, spending three seasons with the Everyman Theatre in Liverpool. He joined the National Theatre company in 1966. While working at the Everyman, he met actress Stephanie Beacham, whom he later married. The couple had two daughters but subsequently divorced. He has another daughter from a previous relationship with artist Sofi Bollack.\nHis first notable screen role was in 1968 as Mercutio in Franco Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet; he was nominated for a BAFTA Award for his performance. He took the title role in the 1970 film Bartleby, in which he starred opposite Paul Scofield. In 1971 he starred in a major role alongside Claude Jade and Jean-Pierre Cassel in G\u00e9rard Brach's bittersweet The Boat on the Grass about a girl between two friends. In this film are references to his stage roles when he declaims Hamlet or when he sings in duet with Claude Jade God Save the Queen. He later played Russian politician Alexander Kerensky in Nicholas and Alexandra (1971). His other film credits include The Duellists, Black Beauty, The Land That Time Forgot (1975) and The Krays (1990, as gangster Eddie Pellam), When Saturday Comes, as well as Mel Gibson\u2019s Hamlet.\nIn the 1980s, at Sheffield's Crucible Theatre, he took the title role in Gogol's The Government Inspector, directed by the Russian actor and director Oleg Tabakov, also performing on stage in Little Malcolm and His Struggle against the Eunuchs (Wick Blagdon), Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead (Hamlet), Nicholas Nickleby (Mr Mantalini/Mr Snevellicci), Waiting for Godot, Curse of the Starving Classes for the RSC, Taking Sides, Precious Bane with Vanessa Redgrave, Coriolanus with Steven Berkoff, and Bingo with Patrick Stewart. In 2011 he appeared as Rowley in The School for Scandal (directed by Deborah Warner) at the Barbican Centre. For television, his credits include Our Mutual Friend, The Scarlet Pimpernel, Little Dorrit, The Buddha of Suburbia, Tusitala (as Robert Louis Stevenson), Jamaica Inn, Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (Thomas De Quincey), and the title role in Caligula A.D. In 2008 he appeared in a guest role in Sidetracked, the first episode of Wallander \nJoining The Globe Theatre in 1997 for its inaugural productions Henry V (Pistol), and As You Like It (Jaques), over the next ten years he performed in King Lear (The Fool), Richard II (John of Gaunt and The Gardener), Edward II (Archbishop Of Canterbury), Pericles (Pericles), The Merchant of Venice (Shylock), Antony and Cleopatra (Enobarbus), A Mad World my Masters (Master Shortrod Harebrain), A Chaste Maid In Cheapside, and Romeo and Juliet (Friar Laurence). \nIn 1998, his play Merry Christmas, Mr. Burbage, written in honour of the 400th anniversary of the creation of the Globe Theatre, was performed at the site of the original Theatre in Shoreditch, a venue from which four centuries earlier the Burbage players had been forced to move, bearing the beams and posts and other remnants which when reassembled south of the Thames would become The Globe. With the support of then Artistic Director of The Globe, Sir Mark Rylance, the play ended with an ox and cart bearing a pair of oak beams leading a procession through Shoreditch down to the Thames and on to The Globe, where the oaks remain with a dedication to the Burbages. \nMore recently he worked and performed with the Malachites, including performing as Lear at the site of The Rose theatre in 2015, helping preserve the many ties between Shakespeare and Shoreditch, and 'the Actors\u2019 Church' St Leonard's, at which his play 'Raising Burbage' was performed, and where his ashes are scattered. Co-founder of the Shakespeare in Shoreditch Society, along with friend and fellow Shoreditch resident Paul Geake, the society's legacy of reviving Shakespeare's spirit in the borough continues with Bard-inspired and infused events, such as the Globe Sonnet Walks, for which John performed Sonnet 129 outside St Leonard's Church. \nHe had two brothers, the actor Peter McEnery, and the photographer David McEnery.", "Q8828": "Mallorca (Catalan: [m\u0259\u02c8\u028e\u0254\u027ek\u0259], Spanish: [ma\u02c8\u028eo\u027eka]) or Majorca (English: m\u0259-YOR-k\u0259, -\u2060JOR-) is the largest island in the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain and located in the Mediterranean. The native language, as on the rest of the Balearic Islands, is Catalan, which is co-official with Spanish.\nThe capital of the island, Palma, is also the capital of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. The Balearic Islands have been an autonomous region of Spain since 1983. There are two small islands off the coast of Mallorca: Cabrera (southeast of Palma) and Dragonera (west of Palma). The anthem of Mallorca is \"La Balanguera\".\nLike the other Balearic Islands of Menorca, Ibiza and Formentera, the island is an extremely popular holiday destination, particularly for tourists from Germany and the United Kingdom. The international airport, Palma de Mallorca Airport, is one of the busiest in Spain; it was used by 28.0 million passengers in 2017, increasing every year since 2012.The name derives from Classical Latin insula maior, \"larger island\". Later, in Medieval Latin, this became Maiorica, \"the larger one\", in comparison to Menorca, \"the smaller one\".", "Q470313": "Sidilla Editha \"Cedella\" Booker (n\u00e9e Malcolm and previously Marley) (July 23, 1926 \u2013 April 8, 2008) was a Jamaican singer and writer. She was the mother of reggae musician Bob Marley.", "Q1278705": "John Franklyn Mars, KBE (born October 15, 1935) is an American businessman. As of January 2018, Mars had a net worth of $28.1 billion, making him the 32nd-richest person in the world (tied with his sister Jacqueline).", "Q725382": "Charles Mackay (27 March 1814 \u2013 24 December 1889) was a Scottish poet, journalist, author, anthologist, novelist, and songwriter, remembered mainly for his book Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds.", "Q8890160": "\"Kingdom of Poland\" (Polish: Kr\u00f3lestwo Polskie, Latin: Regnum Poloniae) was the name of Poland under a series of former monarchial governments, from c. 1000/1025 to 1795:\n\nKingdom of Poland (1025\u20131385) \u2014 from the early Piast dynasty\nKingdom of Poland (1385\u20131569) \u2014 under the Jagiellon dynasty\nKingdom of Poland or \"Crown of the Kingdom of Poland\" (1569\u22121791, 1795) \u2014 part of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian CommonwealthOther usesThe name \"Kingdom of Poland\" was later used for several externally controlled governments that were directed by foreign monarchies:\n\nGeneral Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland (1812\u20131813) \u2014 established by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte on the eve of his campaign into Imperial Russia.\nKingdom of Poland, or the Congress Poland \u2014 autonomous Polish state in personal union with the Russian Empire, 1815\u22121867 or to 1915.\nKingdom of Poland (1917\u20131918) \u2014 a World War I puppet state of the German Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire.", "Q437058": "Ruth Laredo (November 20, 1937 \u2013 May 25, 2005) was an American classical pianist.\nShe became known in the 1970s in particular for her premiere recordings of the 10 sonatas of Scriabin and the complete solo piano works of Rachmaninoff, for her Ravel recordings and, in the last sixteen and a half years before her death, for her series in the Metropolitan Museum of Art \u201cConcerts with Commentary\u201d. She was often referred to as \u201cAmerica's First Lady of the Piano\u201d.", "Q122846": "Hartmut Reck (November 17, 1932 \u2013 January 30, 2001) was a German television and film actor. He also appeared in the American-produced epic film, The Longest Day. He also acted in the German film dubbing industry, dubbing into German the voices of Anthony Hopkins, John Hurt, Robert Duvall, Michael Caine, Donald Sutherland, Peter Graves, Patrick Stewart, Franco Nero, Terence Hill and others.\n\n", "Q164813": "Perfume: The Story of a Murderer is a 2006 English-language German period psychological thriller film directed by Tom Tykwer and starring Ben Whishaw, Alan Rickman, Rachel Hurd-Wood, and Dustin Hoffman. Tykwer, with Johnny Klimek and Reinhold Heil, also composed the music. The screenplay by Tykwer, Andrew Birkin, and Bernd Eichinger is based on Patrick S\u00fcskind's 1985 novel Perfume. Set in 18th century France, the film tells the story of Jean-Baptiste Grenouille (Whishaw), an olfactory genius, and his homicidal quest for the perfect scent.\nProducer Eichinger bought the film rights to S\u00fcskind's novel in 2000 and began writing the screenplay together with Birkin. Tykwer was selected as the director and joined the two in developing the screenplay in 2003. Principal photography began on July 12, 2005 and concluded on October 16, 2005; filming took place in Spain, Germany, and France. The film was made on a budget of \u20ac50 million (est. $60 million), making it one of the most expensive German films.\nPerfume was released on September 14, 2006 in Germany, December 26, 2006 in the United Kingdom, and December 27, 2006 in the United States. It grossed over $135 million worldwide, of which over $53 million was made in Germany. Critics' reviews of the film were mixed; the consensus was that the film had strong cinematography and acting but suffered from an uneven screenplay.", "Q26370": "Raja Ramanna (28 January 1925 \u2013 24 September 2004) was an Indian physicist who is best known for his role in India's nuclear program during its early stages.\nHaving joined the nuclear program in 1964, Ramanna worked under Homi Jehangir Bhabha, and later became the director of this program in 1967. Ramanna expanded and supervised scientific research on nuclear weapons and was the first directing officer of the small team of scientists that supervised and carried out the test of the nuclear device, under the codename Smiling Buddha, in 1974.Ramanna was associated with and directed India's nuclear program for more than four decades, and also initiated industrial defence programmes for the Indian Armed Forces. He was a recipient of Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian decoration, in honour of his services to build India's nuclear programme. Ramanna died in Mumbai in 2004 at the age of 79.", "Q181121": "Daniel Larned Davis Granger (May 30, 1852 \u2013 February 14, 1909) was a U.S. Representative from Rhode Island and mayor of Providence, Rhode Island.", "Q709640": "Paul Michael Slayton (born March 11, 1981), better known by his stage name Paul Wall, is an American rapper, actor, and DJ. He has spent much of his career affiliated with Swishahouse Records, and has released several albums under the label and collaborated with numerous other rappers signed to the label. He began his career performing alongside Chamillionaire with whom he released couple albums, including 2002's independently released Get Ya Mind Correct, which went on to sell over 350,000 copies despite no major label distribution. In 2005, he was signed to Atlantic Records and became successful with his major label debut The Peoples Champ. Get Money, Stay True followed in 2007.", "Q849641": "Brian Tochi or Brian Keith Tochi (born Brian Keith Tochihara, born May 2, 1959) is an American actor. During the late 1960s through much of the 1970s, he was one of the most widely seen East Asian child actors working in U.S. television, appearing in various TV series and nearly a hundred advertisements. He is best known for his characters Toshiro Takashi from the Revenge of the Nerds film franchise, Cadet (later Lieutenant) Tomoko Nogata from the third and fourth films in the Police Academy film series, and as the voice of Leonardo in the first three live-action Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movies.", "Q729590": "Fontana Records is a record label which was started in the 1950s as a subsidiary of the Dutch Philips Records. The independent label distributor Fontana Distribution takes its name from the label.", "Q230544": "Mar\u00eda de los \u00c1ngeles Felisa Santamar\u00eda Espinosa (born August 2, 1947), professionally known as Massiel, is a Spanish pop singer. She won the Eurovision Song Contest 1968 with the song \"La, la, la\", beating the British pop singer Cliff Richard's \"Congratulations\".\nShe decided to abandon her music career in 1996, but released another album a year later and a further one in 2007, along with two new editions of 1970s albums.", "Q1930187": "A journalist is a person who collects, writes, or distributes news or other current information to the public. A journalist's work is called journalism. From scribes and sailors to printing presses and streamed broadcasts, what it means to be a journalist has evolved over the course of centuries. Traditionally, journalists attend professional schools to learn the specialized skills, law, ethics and theory needed to conduct effective journalism. However, in a changing technological landscape, citizen and blogger journalism has also taken rise.", "Q77881": "Christian Jakob Kraus (German pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u0281\u026asti\u032fan \u02c8ja\u02d0k\u0254p \u02c8k\u0281a\u028a\u032fs]; 27 July 1753 \u2013 25 August 1807) was a German comparative and historical linguist.\n\n", "Q105221": "Daniel Edward Aykroyd, ( AK-royd; born July 1, 1952) is a Canadian actor, producer, comedian, musician, and filmmaker who was an original member of the \"Not Ready for Prime Time Players\" on Saturday Night Live (1975\u20131979). A musical sketch he performed with John Belushi on SNL, the Blues Brothers, turned into an actual performing band and then the 1980 film The Blues Brothers.\nHe conceived and starred in Ghostbusters (1984), which spawned a sequel and eventually an entire media franchise. In 1990, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his work in the 1989 film Driving Miss Daisy. He starred in his own sitcom, Soul Man (1997\u20131998). Aykroyd is also a businessman, having co-founded the House of Blues chain of music venues and the Crystal Head Vodka brand.", "Q3955": "Weimar (German pronunciation: [\u02c8va\u026ama\u0250\u032f]; Latin: Vimaria or Vinaria) is a city in the federal state of Thuringia, Germany. It is located in Central Germany between Erfurt in the west and Jena in the east, approximately 80 kilometres (50 miles) southwest of Leipzig, 170 kilometres (106 miles) north of Nuremberg and 170 kilometres (106 miles) west of Dresden. Together with the neighbour-cities Erfurt and Jena it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, whereas the city itself counts a population of 65,000. Weimar is well known because of its large cultural heritage and its importance in German history.\nThe city was a focal point of the German Enlightenment and home of the leading personalities of the literary genre of Weimar Classicism, the writers Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller. In the 19th century, famous composers like Franz Liszt made Weimar a music centre and later, artists and architects like Henry van de Velde, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Lyonel Feininger and Walter Gropius came to the city and founded the Bauhaus movement, the most important German design school of the interwar period. However, the political history of 20th-century Weimar was inconsistent: it was the place where Germany's first democratic constitution was signed after the First World War, giving its name to the Weimar Republic period in German politics (1918\u201333), as well as one of the cities mythologized by the National Socialist propaganda.\nUntil 1948, Weimar was the capital of Thuringia. Today, many places in the city centre have been designated as UNESCO World Heritage sites (either as part of the Weimar Classicism complex or as part of the Bauhaus complex) and tourism is one of the leading economic sectors of Weimar. Relevant institutions in Weimar are the Bauhaus University, the Liszt School of Music, the Duchess Anna Amalia Library and two leading courts of Thuringia (the Supreme Administrative Court and Constitutional Court). In 1999, Weimar was the European Capital of Culture.", "Q431401": "Norman Jeffrey Healey (March 25, 1966 \u2013 March 2, 2008) was a Canadian jazz and blues-rock vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter who attained musical and personal popularity, particularly in the 1980s and 1990s. He hit Number 5 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart with \"Angel Eyes\" and reached the Top 10 in Canada with the songs \"I Think I Love You Too Much\" and \"How Long Can a Man Be Strong\".", "Q157201": "Bathory was an extreme metal group formed in V\u00e4llingby, Sweden, in 1983 named after Hungarian countess Elizabeth B\u00e1thory. The band's frontman and main songwriter was Quorthon (Tomas Forsberg). Considered to be one of the most influential acts in heavy metal, Bathory's first four albums are considered to be \"the blueprint for Scandinavian black metal\". The band departed from this style on their fifth album, Hammerheart (1990), which is often cited as the first Viking metal album. Bathory continued in the Viking metal style throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, although the band experimented with thrash metal on the albums Requiem (1994) and Octagon (1995). Bathory ended when Quorthon died from heart failure in 2004.", "Q382484": "The Harderkulm (also referred to as Harder Kulm, since the top station of the funicular is called that way) is a viewpoint at 1,321 metres (4,334 ft) in the Berner Oberland region of Switzerland, overlooking the towns of Interlaken and Unterseen. It is located at the western end of the Harder, which in itself is the most western, forested ridge of the about 30 kilometres (19 mi) long, prominent mountain range dominating the north shore of the Lake of Brienz.\nThe viewpoint belongs to the municipality of Unterseen in the canton of Bern with the slopes shared between the municipalities of Unterseen and Interlaken. The viewpoint offers extensive views across Interlaken, the alluvial land called B\u00f6deli, and southwards up the valley of the river L\u00fctschine to the high peaks of the Bernese Alps, whilst itself forming part of the Emmental Alps.Harderkulm is occupied by the castle-like Bergrestaurant Harder Kulm and adjoining observation platform.", "Q366070": "George William Russell (10 April 1867 \u2013 17 July 1935) who wrote with the pseudonym \u00c6 (sometimes written AE or A.E.), was an Irish writer, editor, critic, poet, painter and Irish nationalist. He was also a writer on mysticism, and a central figure in the group of devotees of theosophy which met in Dublin for many years.", "Q320025": "Brian Thomas Grazer (born July 12, 1951) is an American film / television producer and, occasionally, a screenwriter. He co-founded Imagine Entertainment in 1986, with Ron Howard. The films they produced have grossed over $13 billion. The movies include four for which Grazer was personally nominated for an Academy Award: Splash (1984), Apollo 13 (1995), A Beautiful Mind (2001), and Frost/Nixon (2008). His films and TV series have been nominated for 43 Academy Awards and 187 Emmys.\nIn 2002, Grazer won an Oscar for Best Picture for A Beautiful Mind (shared with Ron Howard). In 2007, he was named one of Time's \"100 Most Influential People in the World\".", "Q72721": "Carl Ludwig von Bar (born Hanover, 1836; died 21 August 1913) was a German jurist.", "Q392697": "The Man Who Knew Too Little is a 1997 spy comedy film starring Bill Murray, directed by Jon Amiel, and written by Robert Farrar and Howard Franklin. The film is based on Farrar's novel Watch That Man, and the title is a parody of Alfred Hitchcock's 1934 film The Man Who Knew Too Much and his 1956 remake of the same title.", "Q5149901": "The School of General Studies, Columbia University (GS) is a liberal arts college and one of the undergraduate colleges of Columbia University, situated on the university's main campus in Morningside Heights, New York City. GS is known primarily for its traditional B.A. degree program for non-traditional students (those who have had an academic break of one year or more, or are pursuing dual-degrees). GS students make up approximately 30% of the Columbia undergraduate population (the three Columbia undergraduate colleges, CC, GS and SEAS). \nGS offers dual-degree programs with multiple leading universities around the world. It offers dual degree programs with Sciences Po in France, the City University of Hong Kong, Trinity College Dublin (University of Dublin) in Ireland, Tel Aviv University in Israel, and List College of the Jewish Theological Seminary. It also offers dual degree programs with the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, the School of International and Public Affairs, and Columbia Business School. GS is the historical home to dual-degree programs at Columbia University, and the Post-baccalaureate Premedical Program, the oldest program of its kind.\nNotable alumni include Nobel Prize winners Simon Kuznets and Baruj Benacerraf, as well as Isaac Asimov, J.D. Salinger, Amelia Earhart, and Princess Firyal of Jordan.", "Q274306": "Angelica Anatolievna Yalinskaya (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u042f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, Romanized: Anzhelika Anatol'yevna Yalin'skaya; Belarusian: \u0410\u043d\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u045e\u043d\u0430 \u042f\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, Romanized: Anzhalika Anato\u013aje\u016dna Jalinskaja; born 17 May 1970 in Minsk), better known as Angelica Agurbash (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0448; Belarusian: \u0410\u043d\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0448), is a Belarusian singer and former model best known internationally for representing Belarus at the Eurovision Song Contest 2005.Agurbash was born in Minsk, Belarussian SSR, Soviet Union. In 1988, she won the first Miss Belarus title when she was a student of the Belarusian Academy of Arts. Between 1990 and 1995, she was in the band Verasy. In 1991, Angelica earned her second title \"Miss Photo USSR\" becoming the most photoed model in Belarus.After Angelica left Verasy, she has had numerous hit singles as well as releasing three albums \u2013 \"Paper Moon\", \"Night Without a Dream\" and \"For You\". In 2002, she presented her brand-new album \"The Farewell Kiss of Lika Yalinskaya\" the same year. Agurbash was the Belarusian Eurovision Song Contest entrant in 2005. Her original song, Boys and Girls, a rock ballad themed after the Beslan school hostage crisis, was chosen by a jury after a pre-selection vote by Belarusian viewers. However, due to the song's poor reception across Europe, the Belarusian state broadcaster decided in a highly unusual move to allow Angelica to sing a different song in Kiev.\nShe ordered songs from two composers with successful Eurovision records: the Israeli author of 1998 winner Diva Svika Pick, and the author of Antique's hit Die For You Nikos Terzis. After long hesitation, Agurbash picked the Greek disco anthem Love Me Tonight. The song change succeeded in producing hype around the Belarusian entry, to which added also a transformer dress, inspired by Marie N's victory in 2002. She entered the show amongst the pre show favourites. However, in the contest she did not fare as well as expected, failing to make it past the semi-finals. \"Love Me Tonight\" ended 13th out of 25.", "Q329767": "Abraham Rubin Hercules Benrubi (born October 4, 1969) is an American character actor known for his appearances as Jerry Markovic on the long-running U.S. TV drama ER, for his first role as Larry Kubiac on the series Parker Lewis Can't Lose, Dennis in Without a Paddle, and for his voice acting on the Adult Swim claymation series Robot Chicken as well as numerous video games including many in the World of Warcraft series.", "Q360401": "William Morris Stewart (August 9, 1827 \u2013 April 23, 1909) was an American lawyer and politician. In 1964, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.", "Q25679": "Richard Bona (born 28 October 1967 in Minta, Cameroon) is a virtuoso Cameroonian Grammy Award-winning jazz bassist.", "Q195154": "Rachel Aliene Corrie (April 10, 1979 \u2013 March 16, 2003) was an American activist and diarist. She was a member of a pro-Palestinian group called the International Solidarity Movement (ISM). She was killed by an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) armored bulldozer in a combat zone in Rafah, in the southern part of the Gaza Strip, under contested circumstances during the height of the second Palestinian intifada.She had gone to Gaza as part of her senior-year college assignment to connect her home town with Rafah in a sister cities project. While there, she had engaged with other International Solidarity Movement (ISM) activists in efforts to prevent the Israeli army's demolition of Palestinian houses. According to the Israeli authorities the demolitions were carried out to eliminate weapons-smuggling tunnels. According to human rights groups the demolitions were used as collective punishment.Less than two months after her arrival, on March 16, 2003, Corrie was killed during an Israeli military operation after a three-hour confrontation between Israeli soldiers operating two bulldozers and eight ISM activists.The exact nature of her death and the culpability of the bulldozer operator are disputed, with fellow ISM protestors saying that the Israeli soldier operating the bulldozer deliberately ran over Corrie, and Israeli eyewitnesses saying that it was an accident since the bulldozer operator could not see her.The Israeli army conducted an investigation, which concluded that the death was an accident, and that the driver of the bulldozer could not see Corrie due to limited visibility from his cab. Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch as well as B'Tselem and Yesh Din criticized the military investigation.In 2005, Corrie's parents filed a civil lawsuit against the state of Israel. The lawsuit charged Israel with not conducting a full and credible investigation into the case and with responsibility for her death, contending that she had either been intentionally killed or that the soldiers had acted with reckless neglect. They sued for a symbolic one US dollar in damages.\nIn August 2012, an Israeli court rejected their suit and upheld the results of the 2003 military investigation, ruling that the Israeli government was not responsible for Corrie's death. The ruling was met with criticism by some human rights organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, and by activists.An appeal against the August 2012 ruling was heard on May 21, 2014. On February 14, 2015, the Supreme Court of Israel rejected the appeal.", "Q545394": "Avi Arad (; Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e8\u05d3\u200e; April 18, 1948) is an Israeli-American businessman and film producer who became the CEO of the company Toy Biz in the 1990s and soon afterward became the chief creative officer of Marvel Entertainment, a Marvel director and the chairman, CEO and founder of Marvel Studios. Since then, Arad has produced a wide array of live-action, animated, and television comic book adaptations including Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, the 2019 Academy Award winner for Best Animated Feature.\n\n", "Q290094": "Kaitlin Willow Olson (born August 18, 1975) is an American actress, producer and comedian. She began her career in the Groundlings, an improvisational group in Los Angeles, California, and had minor roles in several television series before being cast as Deandra \"Sweet Dee\" Reynolds on the FX comedy series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia in 2005.\nShe has also appeared in film, with roles in Leap Year (2010), The Heat (2013), and also provided the voice for Destiny in Finding Dory (2016). She also portrayed the lead role of Mackenzie \"Mickey\" Molng for two seasons on the Fox comedy series The Mick.", "Q329001": "Lawrence Elliott Willis (December 20, 1942 \u2013 September 29, 2019) was an American jazz pianist and composer. He performed in a wide range of styles, including jazz fusion, Afro-Cuban jazz, bebop, and avant-garde.\nWillis was born in New York City. After his first year studying music theory at the Manhattan School of Music he began performing regularly with Jackie McLean. After he graduated he made his first jazz recording, McLean's Right Now! in January 1965, which featured two of Willis' compositions. His first recording of any type, however, was as a singer with the Music and Arts Chorale Ensemble, performing an opera by Aaron Copland under the direction of Leonard Bernstein. He decided to concentrate on jazz because of the difficulties African-American musicians had in finding work in concert music.\nThroughout his career he performed with a wide range of musicians, including several years as keyboardist for Blood, Sweat & Tears (beginning in 1972). He spent several years as pianist for trumpeters Nat Adderley and Woody Shaw as well as long and productive tenures with Roy Hargrove and with Jerry Gonzalez and his Fort Apache Band. His late recording with Paul Murphy, Expos\u00e9, demonstrated the fusion principles of bebop and avant-garde jazz. His composition \"Sanctuary\" began exploring works employing strings. After a successful performance in Frank Lloyd Wright's Annie Pfieffer Chapel at Florida Southern College's Child of the Sun Jazz Festival he was commissioned to write a full-scale orchestral work for jazz trio and orchestra. He worked with Hugh Masekela on a South African Suite of music and interpreted Miles Davis' work. He was in the Round About Midnight tour of Miles Davis' music. He received the Don Redman award in 2011, and the Benny Golson Jazz Master Award at Howard University in 2012.", "Q107350": "Yaak Karsunke (born 4 June 1934, Berlin) is a German author and actor.\nThe son of an engineer and the procurer of a publishing house, he grew up in the borough of Pankow. In 1949 his family moved to Friedenau. Here Karsunke attended Gymnasium (high school). In 1953 he passed the Abitur and studied jurisprudence for three semesters. From 1955 to 1957 he studied drama at the Max-Reinhardt-Schule, today known as the Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts. From 1957 to 1964 he made a living doing odd jobs.\nIn 1964, Karsunke moved to Munich, where he became involved with the Au\u00dferparlamentarische Opposition, becoming a spokesman for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in 1968. Along with other leftist authors, he founded the literary review K\u00fcrbiskern, for which he served as editor in chief from 1965 until August 1968, when he resigned as a protest against the Soviet repression of the Prague Spring.\nIn the early 1970s, Karsunke befriended Rainer Werner Fassbinder, appearing in his films Love Is Colder Than Death (1969), Gods of the Plague (1970), and Berlin Alexanderplatz (1980). From 1976 to 1979 he served as Fassbinder's technical adviser at the German Film and Television Academy Berlin. From 1981 to 1999 he taught creative writing at the Berlin University of the Arts.\nKarsunke has also worked extensively as a lyricist. Since the late-1960s he has written many plays and radio dramas. In 1989 he published a crime novel, Toter Mann, for which he won the Deutscher Krimi Preis in 1990.\n\n", "Q1135695": "Fran\u00e7ois Kevorkian (born January 10, 1954) is a French-born, U.S.-based DJ, producer, remixer and label owner. Having started his career in renowned clubs such as the Paradise Garage and Studio 54, the New York City resident is widely considered one of the forefathers of house music.Kevorkian has produced and remixed work by a diverse set of musicians including The Smiths, Adam Ant, Kraftwerk, Pet Shop Boys, Depeche Mode, Diana Ross, Gloria Estefan and U2 amongst others.", "Q22670": "Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (German: [\u02c8jo\u02d0han \u02c8k\u0281\u026ast\u0254f \u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0d\u0281\u026a\u00e7 f\u0254n \u02c8\u0283\u026al\u0250]; 10 November 1759 \u2013 9 May 1805) was a German poet, philosopher, physician, historian and playwright. During the last seventeen years of his life (1788\u20131805), Schiller developed a productive, if complicated, friendship with the already famous and influential Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. They frequently discussed issues concerning aesthetics, and Schiller encouraged Goethe to finish works he left as sketches. This relationship and these discussions led to a period now referred to as Weimar Classicism. They also worked together on Xenien, a collection of short satirical poems in which both Schiller and Goethe challenge opponents of their philosophical vision.", "Q185421": "Takashi Miike (\u4e09\u6c60 \u5d07\u53f2, Miike Takashi, born August 24, 1960) is a Japanese filmmaker. He has directed over one hundred theatrical, video and television productions since his debut in 1991. His films run through a variety of different genres, and range from violent and bizarre to dramatic and family-friendly.", "Q73359": "Amandus Gottfried Adolf M\u00fcllner (October 18, 1774 \u2013 June 11, 1829) was a German critic and dramatic poet.\nM\u00fcllner was a nephew of Gottfried August Burger, and was born at Langendorf near Weissenfels. After studying law at Leipzig he established himself as advocate at Weissenfels and made his debut as an author with the novel Incest, oder der Schutzgeist von Avignon. He next wrote a few comedies for an amateur theatre in Weissenfels; these were followed by more pretentious pieces: Der angolische Kaler (1809) and Der Blilz (1814, publ. 1818), after French models. With his tragedies, however, Der neun- und-zwanzigste Februar (1812), and especially Die Schuld (1813; publ. 1816), M\u00fcllner became the representative of the so-called Schicksalsdramatiker, and for several years fate-tragedies on the model of Die Schuld dominated the German stage.His later plays, K\u00f6nig Yngurd (1817) and Die Albaneserin (1820), were less important. Notwithstanding his literary success, M\u00fcllner did not neglect his profession, and was given the title of Hofrat; he also edited various journals, and had a reputation as a vigorous if somewhat acrimonious critic. He died at Weissenfels on June 11, 1829.M\u00fcllner's Vermischte Schriften appeared in 2 vols. (1824\u20131826); his Dramatische Werke in 8 vols. (1828; 2nd ed., 1832). In 1830 four supplementary volumes were published containing mainly Criticism.", "Q331896": "Sami bey Frash\u00ebri known in Turkish: \u015eemseddin Sami Bey (June 1, 1850 \u2013 June 18, 1904) was an Ottoman Albanian writer, philosopher, playwright and a prominent figure of the Rilindja Komb\u00ebtare, the National Renaissance movement of Albania, together with his two brothers Abdyl and Naim. He also supported Turkish nationalism against its Ottoman counterpart as well as laicism against theocracy.Frash\u00ebri was one of the sons of an impoverished Bey from Frash\u00ebr (Fra\u015fer during the Ottoman rule) in the District of P\u00ebrmet. He gained a place in Ottoman literature as a talented author under the name of \u015eemseddin Sami Efendi and contributed to the Ottoman Turkish language reforms.\nFrash\u00ebri's message, however as declared in his book \"Albania - What it was, what it is, and what will become of it\" published in 1899, became the manifesto of the Rilindja Komb\u00ebtare. He discussed the prospects for a united, free and independent republic of Albania. In this way, beginning with a demand for autonomy and struggle for their own alphabet and education, Frash\u00ebri helped the Albanian National Movement develop its claim for independence. His lifetime goal, as that of many other members of the Albanian renaissance was the development and improvement of Albania's culture and eventual establishment of an independent country.", "Q2201966": "Marko Milo\u0161evi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0438\u045b; born 3 July 1974) is the son of former Serbian President Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107. He was allegedly involved in organized crime in Serbia during the Yugoslav Wars until he fled the country following his father's removal from power on 5 October 2000. Milo\u0161evi\u0107 was later granted refugee status by Russia, and is likely living in Moscow with his wife Milica Gaji\u0107 and son Marko.", "Q34012": "Marlon Brando Jr. (April 3, 1924 \u2013 July 1, 2004) was an American actor and film director with a career spanning 60 years, during which he won the Oscar for Best Actor twice. He is well-regarded for his cultural influence on 20th-century film. Brando was also an activist for many causes, notably the civil rights movement and various Native American movements. Having studied with Stella Adler in the 1940s, he is credited with being one of the first actors to bring the Stanislavski system of acting and method acting, derived from the Stanislavski system, to mainstream audiences.\nHe initially gained acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams' play A Streetcar Named Desire, a role that he originated successfully on Broadway. He received further praise, and an Academy Award, for his performance as Terry Malloy in On the Waterfront, and his portrayal of the rebellious motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in The Wild One proved to be a lasting image in popular culture. Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in Viva Zapata! (1952); Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare's Julius Caesar; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in Sayonara (1957), an adaptation of James Michener's 1954 novel.\nThe 1960s saw Brando's career take a commercial and critical downturn. He directed and starred in the cult western One-Eyed Jacks, a critical and commercial flop, after which he delivered a series of notable box-office failures, beginning with Mutiny on the Bounty (1962). After ten years of underachieving, he agreed to do a screen test as Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather (1972). He got the part, and subsequently won his second Academy Award in a performance critics consider among his greatest. The Godfather was one of the most commercially successful films of all time, and alongside his Oscar-nominated performance in Last Tango in Paris, Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars.\nAfter a hiatus in the early 1970s, Brando was generally content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles, such as in Superman (1978), as Colonel Kurtz in Apocalypse Now (1979), and in The Formula (1980), before taking a nine-year break from film. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Brando was paid a record $3.7 million ($16 million in inflation-adjusted dollars) and 11.75% of the gross profits for 13 days' work on Superman.\nBrando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950. He was one of only six actors named in 1999 by Time magazine in its list of the 100 Most Important People of the Century. In this list, Time also designated Brando as the \"Actor of the Century\".", "Q514865": "Lynn Laverty Elsenhans is the former Chairperson, Chief Executive Officer and President of Sunoco.", "Q183050": "Captain Apache is a 1971 Spanish-British acid western film directed by Alexander Singer and starring Lee Van Cleef, Carroll Baker and Stuart Whitman. It was written and produced by Milton Sperling and Philip Yordan. The vocals of the opening and credits song were performed by Van Cleef.", "Q62254": "Walter Brandm\u00fcller (born 5 January 1929) is a German prelate of the Catholic Church, a cardinal since 2009. He was president of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences from 1998 to 2009.\n\n", "Q120937": "Daniel Jositsch (born 25 March 1965 in Z\u00fcrich) is a Swiss politician, member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP), representing the canton of Z\u00fcrich in the Swiss Council of States since 2015.\n\n", "Q79112": "Benedikt Roezl (13 August 1824, Horomeritz (Bohemia, Austrian Empire) \u2013 14 October 1885, Prague) was a traveller, gardener and botanist (sometimes Benedict or Benito Roezl as called by the Indians). Probably the most famous collector of orchids of his time.\nDespite the loss of a hand (in an accident in Cuba), Roezl travelled the world and discovered more than 800 species of orchid, with more than forty named in his honour.Roezl was also the founder of the Czech botanical magazine, Flora, in 1880. There is a statue (depicting him holding an orchid with a Native American kneeling beside him) of Roezl in Prague, located on the southern end of Charles Square.", "Q935588": "Denis Novato (born 1976) is a Slovene musician from Italy, and world champion player of the diatonic accordion. He has been a musician since the late 1980s.Novato was born in Dolina near Trieste, Italy. From the age of ten he studied for Susanne Zerial. At the international accordion festival in Urbino in 1988 his solo performance won the first prize, and he has later won more than 20 international competitions. Since 1991 he has also teaching, both in Austria and Slovenia. His first recording on cassette was released in 1995 and on CD in 1997. In 1999 he was awarded the title of world champion of the diatonic accordion. He has composed more than 50 original songs. He has toured Russia in 1995, Australia in 1997 and again in 1999, and later also the United States and Canada. In November 2005 he visited the Florida Accordion Association Annual Smash and in March 2006 he visited the Texas Accordion Association Festival.", "Q153701": "Justin Cronin (born 1962) is an American author. He has written five novels: Mary and O'Neil and The Summer Guest, as well as a vampire trilogy consisting of The Passage, The Twelve and City of Mirrors. He has won the Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award, the Stephen Crane Prize, and a Whiting Award.Born and raised in New England, Cronin is a graduate of Harvard University and the Iowa Writers\u2019 Workshop. He taught creative writing and was the \"Author in-residence\" at La Salle University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from 1992 to 2003. He is a former professor of English at Rice University, and he lives with his wife and children in Houston, Texas.In July 2007, Variety reported that Fox 2000 had bought the screen rights to Cronin's vampire trilogy. The first book of the series, The Passage, was released in June 2010. It garnered mainly favorable reviews. The book has been adapted by Fox into a television series, with Cronin credited as a co-producer.\n\n", "Q115754": "Jos\u00e9 Giovanni (22 June 1923, Paris, France \u2013 24 April 2004, Lausanne, Switzerland) was the pseudonym of Joseph Damiani, a French writer and film-maker of Corsican origin who became a naturalized Swiss citizen in 1986.\nA former collaborationist and criminal who at one time was sentenced to death, Giovanni often drew his inspiration from personal experience or from real gangsters, such as Abel Danos in his 1960 film Classe tous risques, overlooking that they had been members of the French Gestapo. In his films as well as his novels, while praising masculine friendships and advocating the confrontation of the individual against the world, he often championed the underworld but was always careful to hide his own links with the Nazi occupiers of France during World War II.", "Q230222": "Mara Santangelo (born 28 June 1981) is a retired tennis player from Italy.\n\n", "Q104881": "Kerstin Westphal (born 11 September 1962) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 until 2019. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.\n\n", "Q69301": "Erwin Sellering (born 18 October 1949 in Sprockh\u00f6vel) is a German politician. From 2008 to 2017 he was the 4th Minister President of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.", "Q453284": "Radek Babor\u00e1k (born 11 March 1976 in Pardubice, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech player of the French horn.", "Q15116397": "Winner (Korean: \uc704\ub108), stylized as WINNER, is a South Korean boy band consisting of four members: Jinwoo, Seunghoon, Mino and Seungyoon. The band was formed in 2013 by YG Entertainment through Mnet survival program WIN: Who Is Next leading to their official debut on August 17, 2014 with studio album 2014 S/S. Originally a five-piece band, Taehyun, departed from the group in November 2016 due to his mental health and well-being. Upon debut, The Korea Herald cited their immediate success as \"unprecedented\" for a new group, thus dubbed as \"Monster rookies\". The Korea Corporate Reputation Research Institute revealed the band was acquired to have one of the highest brand reputations in South Korea, listing among the top five while peaking at number three. The band also earned the title \"Trust and Listen\" given by the general public through releases. \nAs of March 2019, Winner were recorded as the fastest Korean act to top Billboard World Album Chart with debut album 2014 S/S alongside topping domestic charts on Gaon for both their album and lead single \"Empty\". Winner is also currently the fastest act to win on a televised music show. Their success throughout Asia earned them numerous awards for music, fashion and popularity including the Melon Music Awards, MTV Asia Music Gala and Style Icon Awards. Following the bands reformation, Winner's lead single, \"Really Really\" from first single album Fate Number For (2017) instantly spawned to number one in South Korea. \"Really Really\" went on to selling over 2.5 million digital copies on Gaon and creating a record of surpassing 100 million streams on Gaon, making Winner the first-ever K-pop boy group in history to achieve this while keeping their \"Chart-In\" status.\nThroughout their career, the band cumulatively held over 100 concerts, where their first world tour, Winner Everywhere Tour in 2018 marks the band's largest tour to date. Winner is also known through endorsement deals with brands Adidas, Oreo, Kiehl's and more. Winner's philanthropic acts were also brought to attention through constant donations to humanitarian organizations and collaborations with charities and animal campaigns.\n\n", "Q282490": "The Yacoubian Building (Arabic: \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u200e, transliterated: \u02bfIm\u0101rat Ya\u02bfq\u016bb\u012b\u0101n or Omaret Yakobean) is an Egyptian film based on the novel of the same title by author Alaa Al Aswany. It has been reported to be the highest-budgeted film in the history of Egyptian cinema.", "Q70650": "Albert Eberhard Friedrich Sch\u00e4ffle (24 February 1831 \u2013 25 December 1903) was a German sociologist, political economist, and newspaper editor.", "Q61985": "Taicang is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Suzhou, Jiangsu province. The city located in the south of the Yangtze River estuary opposite Nantong, being bordered by Shanghai proper to the south, while the river also delineates much of its northeastern boundary along Chongming Island.", "Q381833": "Ryan Allen Sheckler (born December 30, 1989) is an American professional skateboarder and entrepreneur, and was the star of the MTV-produced reality television series Life of Ryan. Sheckler was listed in Fox Weekly's \"15 Most Influential Skateboarders of All-Time\" article. Sheckler starred in 4 seasons of the short-format video series Sheckler Sessions on Red Bull TV.", "Q4895483": "Bertha Gonz\u00e1lez Nieves (born May 6, 1970, Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican businesswoman, whose career is rooted in the consumer luxury goods market.\nForbes has identified her as one of the 50 most powerful women in Mexico. She has also been named one of Mexico\u2019s top young businesswomen by Revista Expansi\u00f3n, Mexico\u2019s leading business magazine. Her career has had an emphasis on the tequila industry. She is the first woman to be certified as \u2018Maestra Tequilera\u2019 by the Academia Mexicana de Catadores de Tequila, the organization recognized by The Tequila Regulatory Council (CRT).", "Q104659": "J\u00f6rg Georg Adam Mager (6 November 1880 - 5 April 1939) was a German musician and inventor, who was a pioneer of early electronic music.\nMager was born in Eichst\u00e4tt in Bavaria, in 1880. An idealist by nature, he worked as a schoolteacher and organist to fund his research into electronic instruments. In 1911, after hearing an organ that had become slightly detuned due to temperature variations, Mager began researching quarter tones, and built a harmonium based on quarter-tonal divisions. This became the basis for many of his later instruments.In the 1920s, Mager developed the Electrophon (later renamed to the Spharophon), a keyboard instrument that produced sound using heterodyning. Its premiere at the 1926 Donaueschingen Festival was well received by the attendees, including Paul Hindemith and Alois H\u00e1ba. In the late 1920s Mager received a government grant, and used this money to found a laboratory near Darmstadt; he also began an Electronic Music Society at around the same time. At his laboratory Mager designed and constructed an organ which he used alongside a huge array of amplifiers, aluminium pots, glass plates, oven pipes and the wooden frame of a cello which used a frying pan as an additional amplifier. All of these were linked to the organ by wires to produce the 'tonal colours' Mager experimented with.Mager was among the first musicians to begin serious discussion of electronic music, with his 1924 essay Eine neue Epoche der Musik durch Radio (\"A New Epoch in Music through Radio\").Although he created a number of unique electronic instruments, including the Kurbelspharophon and the Kaleidophon, all of his examples were destroyed by Allied bombing raids during World War II.\n\n", "Q1930839": "Michel Michelet (July 14, 1894 \u2013 December 28, 1995) was a composer of film scores. Born as Mikhail Isaakovich Levin to a Jewish family in Kiev (then in the Russian Empire), he moved to Western Europe before settling in France where he became a celebrated composer. He worked on many films during the 1930s following the introduction of sound film. Following the Nazi invasion of France in 1940, he emigrated to the United States where he continued to work on Hollywood productions including several films noir. Later he provided scores for some European films in the post-war era.\nHe was nominated twice at the 17th Academy Awards for Best Original Score but did not win.", "Q557948": "Micah Sierra \"Katt\" Williams (born September 2, 1971) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, rapper, singer, and voice actor. He had a role as Money Mike in Friday After Next, had a stint on Wild 'n Out, portrayed Bobby Shaw in My Wife and Kids, provided the voice of A Pimp Named Slickback in The Boondocks, Seamus in Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore, and portrayed Lord Have Mercy in Norbit. In 2008, he voiced himself in the video game Grand Theft Auto IV.", "Q952513": "Conrad J. Gozzo (1922\u20131964) was an American trumpet player born in New Britain, Connecticut on February 6, 1922. Gozzo was a member of the NBC Hollywood staff orchestra at the time of his death on October 8, 1964. He died at the age of 42 of a heart attack.\nHe played with Isham Jones (1938) and Red Norvo (1940), then performed and recorded with Bob Chester (1941) and Claude Thornhill (1941-2).\nAfter working with Benny Goodman (1942) he joined the navy and played in a band led by Artie Shaw (1942-4). He rejoined Goodman in 1945, then toured and recorded with Woody Herman (he was featured as a soloist on \"Stars fell on Alabama\", 1946 Col.37197and performed with Boyd Raeburn and Tex Beneke (1947).\nIn Los Angeles he played on Bob Crosby's radio broadcasts (1947\u201351). Gozzo was highly acclaimed as a lead trumpeter and was much in demand as a studio musician; he also took part in sessions with Les Brown (1949), Jerry Gray (1949\u201353), Ray Anthony (1951-8), Billy May (1951\u201364).\nGozzo, lead trumpeter on the Glen Gray, Stan Kenton, and Harry James \"remakes\", and in Dan Terry's 1954 Columbia sessions, recorded extensively with arrangers Van Alexander, Nelson Riddle, Billy May, Ray Conniff, Jerry Fielding and Shorty Rogers, and also with performers Dean Martin and Frank Sinatra. Gozzo played first trumpet on all of the recordings of composer Henry Mancini. He routinely performed on many major live television shows which were broadcast on the NBC network, including the Dinah Shore Show (1955 through 1964). Gozzo also performed on motion picture soundtracks including The Glenn Miller Story, The Benny Goodman Story, Bye Bye Birdie, Call Me Madam, Ben-Hur and Cleopatra. He also performed on the Ella Fitzgerald two-record set on Verve (Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Harold Arlen Songbook).\nGozzo's nicknames were \"Goz\" and \"Gopher\", due to his resemblance to a gopher when viewed from the front while he was playing. He was considered by his colleagues as being an exceptionally strong trumpeter with a well-developed range and tonal quality. For most of his recording career, he played a Besson Meha trumpet with a custom Bert Herrick mouthpiece. Occasionally, he played a Chicago Benge or a LeBlanc Gozzo model trumpet.\n\"Trumpeter's Prayer,\" was composed by Tutti Camarata for Gozzo, and \"Portrait of Trumpet\" by Sammy Nestico was written as a posthumous tribute.", "Q521612": "The Folkwang University of the Arts is a university for music, theater, dance, design, and academic studies, located in 4 German cities of North Rhine-Westphalia. Since 1927, its traditional main location has been in the former Werden Abbey in Essen in the Ruhr Area, with additional facilities in Duisburg, Bochum, and Dortmund, and, since 2010, at the Zeche Zollverein, a World Heritage Site also in Essen. The Folkwang University is home to the international dance company Folkwang Tanz Studio (FTS). Founded as Folkwangschule, its name was Folkwang Hochschule (Folkwang Academy) from 1963 until 2009.", "Q1428433": "Peter Bruns (born 1963) is a German cellist and university professor.", "Q69315": "Givrins is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q1232630": "Dmitry Nikolaevich Chechulin (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0443\u0301\u043b\u0438\u043d; 22 August [O.S. 9 August] 1901 in Shostka \u2013 29 October 1981 in Moscow) was a Russian Soviet architect, city planner, author, and leading figure of Stalinist architecture.", "Q188111": "Ayumi Hamasaki (\u6d5c\u5d0e\u3042\u3086\u307f, Hamasaki Ayumi, born October 2, 1978) is a Japanese singer, songwriter, record producer, actress, model, spokesperson and entrepreneur. Through her entire career, she has written all her lyrical content, and has sometimes composed her music.\nBorn and raised in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, Hamasaki moved to Tokyo at fourteen in 1993 to pursue a career in singing and acting. In 1998, under the tutelage of Avex CEO Max Matsuura, Hamasaki released her debut single \"Poker Face\" and debut major-label album A Song for XX. The album debuted at the top of the Oricon charts and remained there for five weeks, selling over a million copies. Her next ten albums shipped over a million copies in Japan, with her third, Duty, selling nearly three million. A Best, her first compilation album, is her best-selling album, with more than four million copies sold in Japan. Since 2006, after her album Secret was released, album and single sales have declined.Hamasaki has sold over 80 million records, making her the best-selling Japanese solo artist of all time. Hamasaki has several domestic record achievements for her singles, such as the most number-one hits by a female artist (38); the most consecutive number-one hits by a solo artist (25), and the most million-sellers. From 1999 to 2010, Hamasaki had at least two singles each year topping the charts. Hamasaki is the first female recording artist to have ten studio albums since her debut to top the Oricon and the first artist to have a number-one album for 13 consecutive years since her debut. Hamasaki's remix albums, Super Eurobeat Presents Ayu-ro Mix and Ayu-mi-x II Version Non-Stop Mega Mix, is recognized as one of the best selling remix albums of all time and remain as her only albums to be recognized in a worldwide accreditation.During the height of her career, Hamasaki was dubbed the \"Empress of J-pop\" because of her popularity in Japan and Asia. Following an ear infection in 2000, she has suffered worsening hearing loss and gradually became completely deaf in one ear.", "Q4285724": "Vladimir N. Makhlai (born June 9, 1937) is a Russian engineer, economist and entrepreneur. He is the core shareholder in the world\u2019s largest ammonia producer Togliattiazot, and managed the company in its various incarnations since 1985, as President and CEO for the final 15 years before retiring in May 2011 and stepping down to be replaced by his son, Sergei Makhlai.", "Q4948": "The Republic of Venice (Italian: Repubblica di Venezia; Venetian: Rep\u00f9blica de Ven\u00e8sia) or Venetian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Veneta; Venetian: Rep\u00f9blica V\u00e8neta), traditionally known as La Serenissima (English: Most Serene Republic of Venice; Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia; Venetian: Seren\u00ecsima Rep\u00f9blica V\u00e8neta), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in what is now northeastern Italy. It lasted from 697 AD until 1797 AD. Centered on the lagoon communities of the prosperous city of Venice, the republic grew into a trading power during the Middle Ages and strengthened this position in the Renaissance. Citizens spoke the still-surviving Venetian language, although publishing in (Florentine) Italian became the norm during the Renaissance.\nThe Venetian city state was founded as a safe haven for the people escaping persecution in mainland Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire. In its early years, it prospered on the salt trade. In subsequent centuries, the city state established a thalassocracy. It dominated trade on the Mediterranean Sea, including commerce between Europe and North Africa, as well as Asia. The Venetian navy was used in the Crusades, most notably in the Fourth Crusade. However, Venice perceived Rome as an enemy and maintained high levels of religious and ideological independence personified by the Patriarch of Venice and a highly-developed independent publishing industry that served as a haven from Roman Catholic censorship for many centuries. Venice achieved territorial conquests along the Adriatic Sea. Venice became home to an extremely wealthy merchant class, who patronized renowned art and architecture along the city's lagoons. Venetian merchants were influential financiers in Europe. The city was also the birthplace of great European explorers, such as Marco Polo, as well as Baroque composers such as Vivaldi and Benedetto Marcello.\nThe republic was ruled by the Doge, who was elected by members of the Great Council of Venice, the city-state's parliament. The ruling class was an oligarchy of merchants and aristocrats. Venice and other Italian maritime republics played a key role in fostering capitalism. Venetian citizens generally supported the system of governance. The city-state enforced strict laws and employed ruthless tactics in its prisons.\nThe opening of new trade routes to the Americas and the East Indies via the Atlantic Ocean marked the beginning of Venice's decline as a powerful maritime republic. The city state suffered defeats from the navy of the Ottoman Empire. In 1797, the republic was plundered by retreating Austrian and then French forces, following an invasion by Napoleon Bonaparte, and the Republic of Venice was split into the Austrian Venetian Province, the Cisalpine Republic, a French client state, and the Ionian French departments of Greece. Venice became part of a unified Italy in the 19th century.", "Q66026": "Cumbel ([\u02c8k\u028amb\u0259l] ) is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia.", "Q381827": "Paul Andreu (10 July 1938 \u2013 11 October 2018) was a French architect, known for his designs of multiple airports such as Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris, and multiple prestigious projects in China, including the National Centre for the Performing Arts in Beijing.\n\n", "Q61991": "Gerhard Fieseler (April 15, 1896 \u2013 September 1, 1987) was a German World War I flying ace, aerobatics champion, and aircraft designer and manufacturer.", "Q924491": "Keiichi Suzuki (\u9234\u6728 \u6176\u4e00, Suzuki Keiichi, born August 28, 1951) is a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer who co-founded the Moonriders, a group that became one of Japan's most innovative rock bands. He is known to audiences outside Japan for his musical contributions to the video games Mother (1989) and EarthBound (1994), both of which have been released on several soundtracks. More recently, he has composed film scores including The Blind Swordsman: Zat\u014dichi (2003), Tokyo Godfathers (2003), Uzumaki (2000), Chicken Heart (2009), as well as Takeshi Kitano's Outrage trilogy.", "Q231128": "Amber Rose Tamblyn (born May 14, 1983) is an American actress, writer, and director. She first came to national attention in her role on the soap opera General Hospital as Emily Quartermaine, followed by a starring role on the prime-time series Joan of Arcadia, portraying the title character, Joan Girardi, for which she received Primetime Emmy and Golden Globe nominations. Her feature film work includes roles such as Tibby Rollins from the first two The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants films (2005\u20132008), as well as Katie Embry in The Ring (2002), Aubrey Davis in The Grudge 2 (2006) and Megan McBride in 127 Hours (2010); she had an extended arc as Martha M. Masters in the medical drama series House. She also had a starring role as Jenny on seasons eleven and twelve of the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men.", "Q3679917": "Claudio Andrea Gemme (Genoa, May 27, 1948) is an Italian manager, Chief Executive Officer and Legal Representative of Fincantieri SI\nCareer at present:\n\nChief Executive Officer and Legal Representative of Fincantieri SI\nPresident of Consorzio Arsenal (Electric solutions for the production of electric plants for the Taranto Navy HQ);\nPresident of ANIE Federation; the Confindustria member representing the electrotechnical and electronic companies operating in Italy, 1.300 associated companies, an aggregate turnover of 73 billion Euro among which about 40% export, aggregate total nr of employees about 450.000 people.\nVice President of FEDERPROGETTI- Federazione dell\u2019Impiantistica Italiana (Italian Federation Plant), Confindustria Federation that aims to enhance the supply chain engineering and plant engineering, civil infrastructure in Italy and worldwide.\nBoard Member of ANIMP, National Association of Industrial Plant;\nBoard Member of Market Strategy Board of IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission;\nBoard Member of IMQ, Istituto Italiano Marchio di Qualit\u00e0 (Italian Institute for Quality Brand);\nConfindustria (the Italian employers\u2019 Federation, founded in 1910. It groups together more than 113,000 voluntary member companies, accounting for nearly 4,200,000 individuals): member of Technical Committee for Fiscal Affairs and for Industrial Relations;\nConfindustria Genova Steering Committee - Genoa Smart City Association Project\nMember of Italian-Serbian Business Council;\nBoard Member of Fondazione Ansaldo (Historical Ansaldo Foundation);\nBoard of Directors Member of the University of Milano\u2013Bicocca;\nPresident and founder of the non-profit organization Angeli per i Bambini Onlus", "Q67338": "Herznach is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q92819": "Edmund Melson Clarke, Jr. (born July 27, 1945) is an American retired computer scientist and academic noted for developing\nmodel checking, a method for formally verifying hardware and software designs.\nHe is the FORE Systems Professor of Computer Science Emeritus at Carnegie Mellon University. Clarke, along with E. Allen Emerson and Joseph Sifakis, is a recipient of the 2007 Association for Computing Machinery A.M. Turing Award.\n\n", "Q925957": "William Morse \"Bill\" Davidson, J. D. (December 5, 1922 \u2013 March 13, 2009) was an American businessman. He was President, Chairman and CEO of Guardian Industries, one of the world's largest manufacturers of architectural and automotive glass. He was also owner of several North American professional sports teams and a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.\nHe was also the chairman of Palace Sports and Entertainment, and principal owner of the Detroit Pistons of the NBA, the Detroit Shock of the WNBA, the co-owner of the Detroit Fury of the Arena Football League, and the former owner of the Tampa Bay Lightning of the NHL and Detroit Vipers of the IHL. His Pistons won the 1989, 1990, and 2004 NBA Finals; his Shock won the 2003, 2006 and 2008 WNBA Finals; his Vipers won the 1997 Turner Cup; Tampa Bay Lightning won the 2004 Stanley Cup, making him the only owner in professional sports history whose teams have won an NBA Championship and a Stanley Cup in the same year.", "Q78218": "Klaus-Heiner Lehne (born 28 October 1957 in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany) is a German lawyer and politician who has been serving as member of the European Court of Auditors (ECA) since 2014. On 1 October 2016 he became its 11th President and was subsequently re-elected for a second three-year term starting in October 2019. \nBeforehand, he was a member of the European Parliament for the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) which is part of the European People's Party political group. In his previous national and European parliamentary career, spanning more than twenty years, he served among other things from 2009-2014 as political group coordinator and then Chair of the European Parliament\u2019s Committee on Legal Affairs and concurrently as Chair of the Conference of Committee Chairs.\n\n", "Q934682": "Jean Daniel Bensaid (21 July 1920 \u2013 19 February 2020) was a French journalist and author. He was the founder and executive editor of Le Nouvel Observateur weekly now known as L'Obs.", "Q4777037": "Antonio Francesco Weiss (born September 28, 1966) is a policymaker, financier, and former publisher. He is currently a senior fellow at the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government at Harvard\u2019s Kennedy School.Weiss served as the Counselor to the Secretary of the US Treasury from January 2015 to January 2017 where he advised on domestic and international issues, including financial markets, regulatory reform, job creation, and fostering broad-based economic growth. In 2016, Weiss led the Obama Administration\u2019s response to the financial crisis in Puerto Rico and helped broker the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act. He was previously head of investment banking for Lazard, a global financial advisory and asset management firm. He is a former publisher and senior editor of the Paris Review, where he apprenticed to founder and editor George Plimpton.", "Q40787": "Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov (18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 \u2013 17 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer, was the last Emperor of All Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917. During his reign the Russian Empire fell from one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. He was reviled by Soviet historians as a weak and incompetent leader whose decisions led to military defeats and the deaths of millions of his subjects. By contrast Anglo-Russian historian Nikolai Tolstoy, leader of the International Monarchist League, said in 2012, \"There were many bad things about the Czar's regime, but he inherited an autocracy and his acts are now being seen in perspective and in comparison to the terrible crimes committed by the Soviets.\"As Emperor, Nicholas gave limited support to the economic and political reforms promoted by top aides Sergei Witte and Pyotr Stolypin, but strong aristocratic opposition prevented these from becoming fully effective. He supported modernization based on foreign loans and close ties with France, but resisted giving the new parliament (the Duma) major roles. He was criticised for the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-semitic pogroms, Bloody Sunday, the violent suppression of the 1905 Russian Revolution, the repression of political opponents, and his perceived responsibility for defeat in the Russo-Japanese War (1904\u20131905), in which the Russian Baltic Fleet was annihilated at the Battle of Tsushima; the loss of Russian influence over Manchuria and Korea, and the Japanese annexation of the south of Sakhalin Island.\nNicholas signed the Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907, which was designed to counter Germany's attempts to gain influence in the Middle East; it ended the Great Game of confrontation between Russia and the British Empire. He supported Serbia and approved the mobilization of the Russian Army on 30 July 1914. In response, Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August 1914 and its ally France on 3 August 1914, starting the Great War, later known as the First World War. The aristocracy was alarmed at the powerful influence of the despised peasant priest Grigori Rasputin over the czar. The severe military losses led to a collapse of morale at the front and at home, leading to the fall of the House of Romanov in the February Revolution of 1917. Nicholas abdicated on behalf of himself and his son. With his family, he was imprisoned by the Bolsheviks at that time, exiled to Siberia, and executed the following year in July 1918.\nIn 1981, Nicholas, his wife, and their children were recognized as martyrs by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, based in New York City. Their gravesite was discovered in 1979, but this was not acknowledged until 1989. After the fall of Communism, the remains of the imperial family were exhumed, identified by DNA analysis, and re-interred with an elaborate state and church ceremony in St. Petersburg on 17 July 1998. They were canonized in 2000 by the Russian Orthodox Church as passion bearers. The remains of two more Romanov children, believed to be Marie and Alexei, were found in 2007 at a second, nearby gravesite, that was also unmarked. They were also identified by DNA analysis.\n\n", "Q155364": "Marieh Delfino (born September 24, 1977) is an American actress.", "Q433564": "Eva Kant\u016frkov\u00e1 (born 1930) is a Czech author and screenwriter. A communist in her early years, she joined the Czech dissident movement after the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and was one of the signatories of Charter 77. In her novels, short stories, historical essays, and diaries, she has chronicled the repression of Czech dissidents and explored themes of political and personal disillusionment.", "Q1547786": "Harry DePona \"Ponty\" Bone (October 9, 1939 \u2013 July 13, 2018) was an American accordionist who led his 1980s band, the Squeezetones, to international popularity over a twenty-year period.", "Q1830": "Decius (; Latin: Caesar Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius Augustus; c. 201 \u2013 June 251), also known as Trajan Decius, was Roman Emperor from 249 to 251.\nA distinguished politician during the reign of Philip the Arab, Decius was proclaimed emperor by his troops after successfully putting down a rebellion in Moesia. In 249, he defeated and killed Philip near Verona and was recognized as emperor by the Senate afterwards. During his reign, he attempted to strengthen the Roman state and its religion, leading to the Decian persecution, where a number of prominent Christians (including Pope Fabian) were put to death.\nIn the last year of his reign, Decius co-ruled with his son Herennius Etruscus, until they were both killed by the Goths in the Battle of Abritus.", "Q45827": "St\u00e9phanie Szostak (born August 5, 1975) is a French actress who started her career in the early 2000s. Szostak is best known for having appeared in the films The Devil Wears Prada, Dinner for Schmucks, Iron Man 3, and R.I.P.D. Szostak starred in the USA Network original drama series Satisfaction and the ABC series A Million Little Things.", "Q263108": "Chris Kilmore (born January 21, 1973) is an American musician and DJ. He is the turntablist and keyboardist of the rock band Incubus.", "Q118264": "Robert Comtesse (14 August 1847, Valangin \u2013 17 November 1922) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1899-1912).\nHe was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 14 December 1899 and resigned on 4 March 1912. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party. \nWhile in office he held the following departments:\n\nDepartment of Finance (1900)\nDepartment of Justice and Police (1901)\nDepartment of Posts and Railways (1902, 1912)\nDepartment of Finance (1903, 1905\u201309, 1911)\nPolitical Department as President of the Confederation (1904, 1911)\"Quai Robert-Comtesse\" in Neuch\u00e2tel and \"Rue Robert-Comtesse\" in Cernier are named after Comtesse.", "Q232421": "Barbara Bel Geddes (October 31, 1922 \u2013 August 8, 2005) was an American stage and screen actress, artist, and children's author whose career spanned almost five decades. She was best known for her starring role as Miss Ellie Ewing in the television series Dallas. Bel Geddes also starred as Maggie in the original Broadway production of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof in 1955. Her notable films included I Remember Mama (1948) and Vertigo (1958). Throughout her career, she was the recipient of several acting awards and nominations.", "Q88699": "Ludwig Ferdinand Huber (14 September 1764 \u2013 24 December 1804), German author, was born in Paris, the son of Michael Huber (1727\u20131804), who did much to promote the study of German literature in France.\nIn his infancy young Huber removed with his parents to Leipzig, where he was carefully instructed in modern languages and literature, and showed a particular inclination for those of France and England. In Leipzig he became intimate with Christian Gottfried K\u00f6rner, father of the poet Karl Theodor K\u00f6rner; in Dresden Huber became engaged to Dora Stock, sister of K\u00f6rner's betrothed, and associated with Schiller, who was one of K\u00f6rner's stanchest friends.\nIn 1787 he was appointed secretary to the Saxon legation in Mainz, where he remained until the French occupation of 1792. While here he interested himself for the welfare of the family of his friend Georg Forster, who, favouring republican views, had gone to Paris, leaving his wife Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Forster (1764\u20131829) and family in destitute circumstances.\nHuber, enamoured of the talented young wife, gave up his diplomatic post, broke off his engagement to Dora Stock, removed with the Forster family to Switzerland, and on the death of her husband in 1794 married Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Forster in B\u00f4le. Isabelle de Charriere helped them by paying the translations they made in German of her literary writings (1794-1804), mostly published later in French. In 1798 Huber took over the editorship of the Allgemeine Zeitung in Stuttgart. The newspaper having been prohibited in W\u00fcrttemberg, Huber continued its editorship in Ulm in 1803. He was created \"counsellor of education\" for the new Bavarian province of Swabia in the following year, but had hardly entered upon the functions of his new office when he died.\nHuber was well versed in English literature, and in 1785 he published the drama Ethelwolf, with notes on Beaumont and Fletcher and the old English stage. He also wrote many dramas, comedies and tragedies, most of which are now forgotten, and among them only Das heimliche Gericht (1790, new ed. 1795) enjoyed any degree of popularity. As a critic he is seen to advantage in the Vermischte Schriften von dem Verfasser des heimlichen Gerichts (2 vols, 1793). As a publicist he made his name in the historical-political periodicals Friedenspr\u00e4liminarien (1794\u20131796, 10 vols) and Klio (1795\u20131798, 1819).", "Q168783": "Jan Kubice (born 3 October 1953) is a Czech politician, who served as Minister of the Interior of the Czech Republic from April 2011 to July 2013. He was previously in charge of the Unit for Combating Organised Crime (Czech: \u00datvar pro odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed organizovan\u00e9ho zlo\u010dinu, \u00daOOZ).", "Q193257": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Lyotard (UK: ; US: ; French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa lj\u0254ta\u0281]; 10 August 1924 \u2013 21 April 1998) was a French philosopher, sociologist, and literary theorist. His interdisciplinary discourse spans such topics as epistemology and communication, the human body, modern art and postmodern art, literature and critical theory, music, film, time and memory, space, the city and landscape, the sublime, and the relation between aesthetics and politics. He is best known for his articulation of postmodernism after the late 1970s and the analysis of the impact of postmodernity on the human condition. Lyotard was a key personality in contemporary Continental philosophy and author of 26 books and many articles. He was a director of the International College of Philosophy which was founded by Jacques Derrida, Fran\u00e7ois Ch\u00e2telet, Jean-Pierre Faye and Dominique Lecourt.", "Q600102": "Miguel de Fuenllana (c.1500\u20131579) was a Spanish vihuelist and composer of the Renaissance.", "Q358834": "The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), commonly called the Foreign Office (which was the formal name of its predecessor until 1968), or British Foreign Office, is a department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for protecting and promoting British interests worldwide and was created in 1968 by merging the Foreign Office and the Commonwealth Office.\nThe head of the FCO is the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, commonly abbreviated to \"Foreign Secretary\". This is regarded as one of the four most prestigious positions in the Cabinet \u2013 the Great Offices of State \u2013 alongside those of Prime Minister, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary.\nThe FCO is managed from day to day by a civil servant, the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, who also acts as the Head of Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service. This position is held by Sir Simon McDonald, who took office on 1 September 2015.", "Q34006": "Hollywood is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California, notable as the home of the U.S. film industry, including several of its historic studios. Its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry and the people associated with it.\nHollywood was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910 and soon thereafter, a prominent film industry emerged, eventually becoming the most recognizable in the world.\n\n", "Q682673": "David John Harman, known professionally as Dave Dee (17 December 1941 \u2013 9 January 2009), was an English singer-songwriter, musician, A&R manager, fundraiser and businessman. He was the frontman for the 1960s pop band Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich.", "Q149995": "The Phantom Tollbooth, also known as The Adventures of Milo in the Phantom Tollbooth, is a 1970 American live-action/animated film based on Norton Juster's 1961 children's book The Phantom Tollbooth. This film was produced by Chuck Jones at MGM Animation/Visual Arts and stars Butch Patrick as Milo with the voice talents of Mel Blanc, Daws Butler, Candy Candido, Hans Conried, June Foray, Patti Gilbert, Shepard Menken, Cliff Norton, Larry Thor, and Les Tremayne. Jones also directed the film, save for the live action bookends directed by fellow Warner Bros. Cartoons alum Dave Monahan. \nThe film was released to theaters by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on November 7, 1970, and was the last MGM feature film release to include both live-action and animated segments until Pink Floyd \u2013 The Wall. Completed by 1968, the film was held up for release by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer until late 1970 due to internal problems. The animation studio closed soon after the film's release, with MGM leaving the animation business for good. Juster had no input into the adaptation, and has expressed his hatred for the film in an interview: \"It was a film I never liked. I don't think they did a good job on it. It's been around for a long time. It was well reviewed, which also made me angry.\"", "Q676094": "Drew Blythe Barrymore (born February 22, 1975) is an American actress, producer, director, author, model, and entrepreneur. She is a member of the Barrymore family of actors, and the granddaughter of John Barrymore. She achieved fame as a child actress with her role in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982). She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including a Golden Globe, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a BAFTA nomination.\nFollowing a highly publicized childhood marked by drug and alcohol abuse, Barrymore released an autobiography, Little Girl Lost, when she was 16 in 1991. She went on to appear in a string of successful films throughout the decade, including Poison Ivy (1992), Boys on the Side (1995), Mad Love (1995), Scream (1996), Ever After (1998) and The Wedding Singer (1998). The latter was her first collaboration with Adam Sandler; they have since starred together in 50 First Dates (2004) and Blended (2014).\nBarrymore's other films include Never Been Kissed (1999), Charlie's Angels (2000), Donnie Darko (2001), Riding in Cars with Boys (2001), Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002), Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003), Fever Pitch (2005), Music and Lyrics (2007), Going the Distance (2010), Big Miracle (2012) and Miss You Already (2015). Barrymore made her directorial debut with Whip It (2009), in which she also starred, and received a SAG Award and a Golden Globe for her performance in Grey Gardens (2009). She starred on the Netflix series Santa Clarita Diet until its cancellation in 2019.\nIn 1995, Barrymore and Nancy Juvonen formed the production company Flower Films. The pair have produced several projects in which Barrymore has starred. In 2013, Barrymore launched a range of cosmetics under the Flower banner, which has grown to include lines in makeup, perfume and eyewear. Her other business ventures include a range of wines and a clothing line. In 2015, she released her second memoir, Wildflower. Barrymore received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2004.", "Q5366782": "Anstis Elmina Shepard Taylor (September 12, 1830 \u2013 December 6, 1904) was the first general president of what is today the Young Women organization of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and was a founding member of the National Council of Women.", "Q15976": "Altenburg (listen ) is a city in Thuringia, Germany, located 40 kilometres (25 miles) south of Leipzig, 90 kilometres (56 miles) west of Dresden and 100 kilometres (62 miles) east of Erfurt. It is the capital of the Altenburger Land district and part of a polycentric old-industrial textile and metal production region between Gera, Zwickau and Chemnitz with more than 1 million inhabitants, while the city itself has a population of 33,000. Today, the city and its rural county is part of the Central German Metropolitan Region.\nAltenburg was first mentioned in 976 and later became one of the first German cities within former Slavic area, east of the Saale river (as part of the medieval Ostsiedlung movement). The emperor Frederick Barbarossa visited Altenburg several times between 1165 and 1188, hence the town is named a Barbarossa town today. Since the 17th century, Altenburg was the residence of different Ernestine duchies, of whom the Saxe-Altenburg persisted until the end of monarchy in Germany in 1918. Industrialization reached Altenburg and the region quite early in the first half of the 19th century and flourished until the Great Depression around 1930. Economic malaise set in while Altenburg was in East Germany and continued after German reunification in 1990, evidenced by a decline in population, high unemployment and house vacancy rates.\nThe main sights of Altenburg are the castle, the Lindenau-Museum, the historic city center (most buildings are from early-modern origin) and the Gr\u00fcnderzeit architecture around the center. The popular German card game Skat was developed in Altenburg during the 1810s and the founder of the famous Brockhaus Enzyklop\u00e4die, Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus, lived and worked in Altenburg between 1810 and 1817.\nAltenburg lies in the flat and fertile landscape of Osterland on the Plei\u00dfe river in the very east of Thuringia, next to the neighboring federal state of Saxony.", "Q286184": "Stephanie Jacobsen (born Stephanie Chaves-Jacobsen; 1980) and sometimes stylised, or credited as \"Stephany\", is a Hong Kong-born Australian actress.", "Q62526": "Anton Hellinger (16 December 1925 \u2013 19 September 2019), known as Bert Hellinger, was a German psychotherapist associated with a therapeutic method best known as Family Constellations and Systemic Constellations. In recent years, his work evolved beyond these formats into what he called Movements of the Spirit-Mind. Several thousand professional practitioners worldwide, influenced by Hellinger, but not necessarily following him, continue to apply and adapt his original insights to a broad range of personal, organizational and political applications.", "Q678907": "Roswell Keyes Colcord (April 25, 1839 \u2013 October 30, 1939) was an American politician. He served as the seventh Governor of Nevada from 1891 to 1895. He was a member of the Republican Party.", "Q45199": "A sailor, seaman, mariner, or seafarer is a person who works aboard a watercraft as part of its crew, and may work in any one of a number of different fields that are related to the operation and maintenance of a ship.\nThe profession of the sailor is old, and the term sailor has its etymological roots in a time when sailing ships were the main mode of transport at sea, but it now refers to the personnel of all watercraft regardless of the mode of transport, and encompasses people who operate ships professionally, as a sport or recreationally. Be it for a military navy or civilian merchant navy. In a navy, there may be further distinctions: sailor may refer to any member of the navy even if they are based on land; while seaman may refer to a specific enlisted rank.", "Q8814": "Baron Augustin-Louis Cauchy (; French: [o\u0261yst\u025b\u0303 lwi ko\u0283i]; 21 August 1789 \u2013 23 May 1857) was a French mathematician, engineer, and physicist who made pioneering contributions to several branches of mathematics, including mathematical analysis and continuum mechanics. He was one of the first to state and rigorously prove theorems of calculus, rejecting the heuristic principle of the generality of algebra of earlier authors. He almost singlehandedly founded complex analysis and the study of permutation groups in abstract algebra.\nA profound mathematician, Cauchy had a great influence over his contemporaries and successors; Hans Freudenthal stated: \"More concepts and theorems have been named for Cauchy than for any other mathematician (in elasticity alone there are sixteen concepts and theorems named for Cauchy).\" Cauchy was a prolific writer; he wrote approximately eight hundred research articles and five complete textbooks on a variety of topics in the fields of mathematics and mathematical physics.\n\n", "Q889317": "Myron Hawley McCord (November 26, 1840 \u2013 April 27, 1908) was an American politician, businessman, and military officer. He began his career in Wisconsin where he held a number of elected offices before representing Wisconsin's 9th district in the United States House of Representatives for a single term. After undergoing a bankruptcy, McCord moved to Arizona Territory. There he was appointed territorial governor by his friend, William McKinley. After a year in office, McCord resigned as governor to serve as an officer in the United States Volunteers.\n\n", "Q316583": "Anatoliy Eduardovich Serdyukov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044e\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432; born 8 January 1962) is a Russian politician and businessman who was the Minister of Defense of Russia from 15 February 2007 to 6 November 2012. During his tenure as defense minister, he launched several major reforms of the Russian military. Since October 2015 he works as an Industrial Director for Rostec State corporation.", "Q1819273": "Bernhardt (or Ben) Klassen (1918-02-20)February 20, 1918 (O.S. February 7, 1918) \u2013 (1993-08-06)August 6, 1993) was an American politician and white supremacist religious leader. He founded the Church of the Creator with the publication of his book Nature's Eternal Religion in 1973. Klassen was openly racist and antisemitic, and first popularized the term \"Racial Holy War\" within the white nationalist movement.\nAt one point, Klassen was a Republican Florida state legislator, as well as a supporter of George Wallace's presidential campaign. In addition to his religious and political work, Klassen was an electrical engineer and he was also the inventor of a wall-mounted electric can-opener. Klassen held unorthodox views about dieting and health. He was a natural hygienist who opposed germ theory and conventional medicine and promoted a fruitarian raw food diet.\n\n", "Q212097": "Matt Bondurant, born in 1971, is an American novelist. Among his works are the books The Third Translation, The Wettest County in the World and The Night Swimmer.", "Q6839": "Figueres (pronounced [fi\u02c8\u0263e\u027e\u0259s]; Catalan for '\"fig trees\"', Spanish: Figueras) is the capital of the comarca of Alt Empord\u00e0, in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain.\nThe town is the birthplace of artist Salvador Dal\u00ed, and houses the Teatre-Museu Gala Salvador Dal\u00ed, a large museum designed by Dal\u00ed himself which attracts many visitors. It is also the birthplace of Narc\u00eds Monturiol, inventor of the first successful machine-powered submarine. Also born here was M\u00f3nica Naranjo, one of the best selling Spanish singers of the 1990s and 2000s.", "Q129907": "Homero Alsina Thevenet (1922\u20132005) was a Uruguayan journalist and film critic. He wrote the first book about Ingmar Bergman outside of Sweden. During the Argentine coup he was living in Argentina, because of the coup he exiled to Barcelona. He returned to Montevideo in 1989, founding the cultural section of leading newspaper El Pa\u00eds.He published over 20 books, many of them collections of his own film critic columns.", "Q1912454": "Max Elliott Slade (born July 4, 1980) is an American former child actor who starred in 3 Ninjas, 3 Ninjas Kick Back, and 3 Ninjas Knuckle Up as the character named Jeffrey Douglas, later nicknamed Colt by his grandfather Mori Tanaka. He was the middle child of the Douglas family in the films. He was featured as Jay Lovell in Apollo 13, young Mark Goddard in The Sweeper, and young Gil Buckman in Parenthood.\nSlade earned a brown belt in Gosoku-ry\u016b karate at age 11.\nSlade began his acting career in 1989 playing Young Gil Buckman in Parenthood. In 1990, he played Kevin Buckman in twelve episodes of Parenthood. In 1991, he played Willy in the made-for-TV film To the Moon, Alice. In 1992, he played Jeffrey Colt Douglas in 3 Ninjas. In 1994, he reprised his role as Jeffrey Colt Douglas in 3 Ninjas Kick Back. In 1995, he reprised his role as Jeffrey Colt Douglas in 3 Ninjas Knuckle Up. Although, the film was shot before Kick Back started production. In 1996, he played Jay Lovell in Apollo 13. Afterwards, he played Mark in the direct-to-TV film The Sweeper.", "Q3720876": "El Cartel Records (previously known as Los Cangris Inc. and/or El Cartel Productions) is Daddy Yankee's record company. The release of Barrio Fino, Daddy Yankee's first commercially successful album, is notable for being the label's first distributed album.", "Q753228": "Joseph Heco (born Hikoz\u014d Hamada (\u6d5c\u7530\u5f66\u8535, Hamada Hikoz\u014d) September 20, 1837 \u2013 December 12, 1897) was the first Japanese person to be naturalized as a United States citizen and the first to publish a Japanese language newspaper.", "Q1766082": "Laura Jansen (born 4 March 1977 in Breda) is a Dutch-American musician. Before gaining fame in the Netherlands, Jansen became a fixture in the constellation of artists associated with Los Angeles nightclub Hotel Caf\u00e9 \u2013 a national launching pad for artists as Sara Bareilles, Priscilla Ahn and Joshua Radin. As daughter of an American mother and Dutch father, Laura has been living in the United States for over 10 years.\nJansen's debut album Bells, a dreamy collection of piano-driven alt-pop songs, was released on Universal Music in the Netherlands in 2009, on Decca Records in the USA in March 2011 and in the rest of the world in May 2011 on Universal Music Group. \nBells has gone platinum in Jansen's native country the Netherlands, reached a No. 1 position on iTunes and a No. 6 position in the Dutch Album Top 100. Propelled by Single Girls and a cover of Kings of Leon's Use Somebody, which has spent more than 6 months lodged in the Top 25 on the Dutch singles chart.", "Q107422": "Herbert Aaron Hauptman (February 14, 1917 \u2013 October 23, 2011) was an American mathematician and Nobel laureate. He pioneered and developed a mathematical method that has changed the whole field of chemistry and opened a new era in research in determination of molecular structures of crystallized materials. Today, Hauptman's direct methods, which he continued to improve and refine, are routinely used to solve complicated structures. It was the application of this mathematical method to a wide variety of chemical structures that led the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to name Hauptman and Jerome Karle recipients of the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.\n\n", "Q133787": "Riccardo Scamarcio (Italian pronunciation: [rik\u02c8kardo ska\u02c8mart\u0283o]; born 13 November 1979) is an Italian film actor and film producer.", "Q1035695": "Hero: 108 is an American-British-Taiwanese animated television series that is aired on Cartoon Network and the Cartoon Network international cable network, and Kabillion OnDemand channel in the United States that was created by Yang-Ming Tarng. The series was produced by MoonScoop, in association with Gamania, Hong Ying Animation, Telegael Teoranta, and Turner Entertainment Networks International Ltd. It premiered on March 1, 2010. The series will plan to air reruns on Discovery Family, Qubo or Universal Kids sometime later.\nThe show was renewed for another season, which began airing on May 7, 2012, on Cartoon Network (Russia and Southeastern Europe), UK, April 30 on Cartoon Network Too, and on Cartoon Network in the United States on June 4, 2012. The series ended its run on July 9, 2012.", "Q122852": "Hans St\u00f6ckli (born April 12, 1952) is a Swiss politician. He is a member of the Council of States and serves as the president of that house for the 51st legislature in 2019/2020. Previously, he was a member of the National Council of Switzerland from 2004 to 2011, a member of the Grand Council of Bern and the mayor of Biel.\nSt\u00f6ckli entered politics in 1979 winning election to city city council of Biel. In 1990, he became mayor of the commune. In 2002, he moved to the Grand Council of Bern and, in 2004, was elected to the National Council to replace Rudolf Strahm, who had been appointed as the Swiss price regulator.He was re-elected in 2007 and then won election to the Council of States in 2011. He had written an essay in 1971 calling for the abolition of the body, which he said had grown stale at the time. In 2018, he was elected as Vice President of the chamber, which gave him the upper hand in the 2019 election. He was elected on December 2, 2019 with 49 out of 51 votes.", "Q236121": "Edyta Anna G\u00f3rniak (Polish pronunciation: [\u025b\u02c8d\u0268ta \u02c8\u0261ur\u0272ak]) (born 14 November 1972) is a Polish pop singer with a career spanning 3 decades. She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range of approximately four octaves. G\u00f3rniak started as a musical theatre actress in 1990. She performed in the most popular musical in Polish history, the Tony Award-nominated Metro. Some of its shows took place on Broadway. With the performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 G\u00f3rniak began her career as a pop singer in her native country and internationally. She is the recipient of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture \u2013 Gloria Artis.", "Q66998": "R\u00fcttenen is a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q155402": "Ahmed S\u00e9kou Tour\u00e9 (var. Ahmed Sheku Turay) (January 9, 1922 \u2013 March 26, 1984) was a Guinean political leader who was the first President of Guinea, serving from 1958 until his death in 1984. Tour\u00e9 was among the primary Guinean nationalists involved in gaining independence of the country from France.\nA devout Muslim from the Mandinka ethnic group, S\u00e9kou Tour\u00e9 was the great grandson of the powerful Mandinka Muslim cleric Samori Toure who established an independent Islamic rule in part of West Africa. In 1960, he declared his Democratic Party of Guinea (Parti d\u00e9mocratique de Guin\u00e9e, PDG) the only legal party in the state, and ruled from then on as a virtual dictator. He was re-elected unopposed to four seven-year terms in the absence of any legal opposition. Under his rule many people were killed including at the notorious Camp Boiro.", "Q70122": "Melano is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q115026": "Swedish Americans (Swedish: Svenskamerikaner) are Americans of at least partial Swedish ancestry. They primarily include the 1.2 million Swedish immigrants during 1885\u20131915 and their descendants. They formed tight-knit communities, primarily in the American Midwest, and intermarried with other Swedish-Americans. Most were Lutheran Christians with origins in the state Church of Sweden who were affiliated with predecessor bodies of what are now the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) from the mergers of 1988 or the Lutheran Church\u2013Missouri Synod (1847), or the recent North American Lutheran Church (NALC) of 2010; some were Methodists following Wesleyan doctrine.Today, Swedish Americans are found throughout the United States, with Minnesota, California and Illinois being the top three states with the highest number of Swedish Americans. Historically, newly arrived Swedish immigrants settled in the Midwest, namely Minnesota, the Dakotas and Wisconsin, just as other Scandinavian Americans. Populations also grew in the Pacific Northwest in the states of Oregon and Washington at the turn of the twentieth century.", "Q77895": "Pujie (Chinese: \u6ea5\u5091; 16 April 1907 \u2013 28 February 1994) was a Qing dynasty imperial prince of Manchu descent. He was born in the Aisin Gioro clan, the imperial clan of the Qing dynasty. Pujie was the younger brother of Puyi, the last Emperor of China. After the fall of the Qing dynasty, Pujie went to Japan, where he was educated and married to Saga Hiro, a Japanese noblewoman. In 1937, he moved to Manchukuo, where his brother ruled as Emperor under varying degrees of Japanese control during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937\u20131945). After the war ended, Pujie was captured by Soviet forces, held in Soviet prison camps for five years, and then extradited back to the People's Republic of China, where he was incarcerated for about 10 years in the Fushun War Criminals Management Centre. He was later pardoned and released from prison by the Chinese government, after which he remained in Beijing where he joined the Communist Party and served in a number of positions in the party until his death in 1994.", "Q2156892": "Robert C. Dobkin (born 1943 in Philadelphia) is an American electrical engineer, co-founder of Linear Technology Corporation, and veteran linear (analog) integrated circuit (IC) designer.", "Q258820": "Rishi Kapoor (born 4 September 1952) is an Indian actor, director and producer known for his work in Hindi cinema. He received the National Film Award for his debut role as a child artist in his father Raj Kapoor's 1970 film Mera Naam Joker (1970). Kapoor had his first lead role as an adult opposite Dimple Kapadia in 1973 with the film Bobby and received the Filmfare Best Actor Award in 1974.\nSubsequently, he played leading roles as the romantic lead in 92 films between 1973 and 2000. For his performance in Do Dooni Chaar, he won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor in 2011, and for his role in Kapoor & Sons, he won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2017. He was honoured with the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award in 2008. He appeared opposite his future wife Neetu Singh in twelve films from 1973 and 1981.", "Q463435": "The American Astronomical Society (AAS, sometimes spoken as \"double-A-S\") is an American society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals, headquartered in Washington, DC. The primary objective of the AAS is to promote the advancement of astronomy and closely related branches of science, while the secondary purpose includes enhancing astronomy education and providing a political voice for its members through lobbying and grassroots activities. Its current mission is to enhance and share humanity's scientific understanding of the universe.", "Q766293": "Auguste Choisy (7 February 1841 \u2013 18 September 1909) was a French architectural historian and author of Histoire de l'Architecture.", "Q76553": "Maximilian Wolfgang Duncker (15 October 1811 \u2013 21 July 1886) was a German historian and politician.", "Q582813": "Robert Hood (born 1965 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American electronic music producer and DJ. He is a founding member of group Underground Resistance as a 'Minister Of Information' with Mad Mike Banks and Jeff Mills. He is often considered to be one of the founders of minimal techno. In 1994, Hood founded the minimal techno label M-Plant in Detroit.", "Q1949336": "The Moscow Mathematical Society (MMS) is a society of Moscow mathematicians aimed at the development of mathematics in Russia. It was created in 1864, and Victor Vassiliev is the current president.", "Q51107": "Georges Courteline born Georges Victor Marcel Moinaux (25 June 1858 \u2013 25 June 1929) was a French dramatist and novelist, a satirist notable for his sharp wit and cynical humor.\nHis family moved from Tours in Indre-et-Loire to Paris shortly after his birth. During the time of the Paris Commune, at age 13, he was sent to school in Meaux and after graduation in 1876, he went on to serve in the French military before taking a job as a civil servant. Interested in poetry and authorship, he became involved writing poetry reviews and was part of a small newspaper. By the 1890s, he had begun writing plays under the name Courteline for the theatres of Montmartre where he lived.\nGifted with a quick wit, he became a leading dramatist, producing many plays as well as a number of novels. The overall tone of his works was satirical in nature, often making fun of everything from the wealthy elitists of Paris to the bloated government bureaucracies. In 1899, Courteline was awarded the Legion of Honour and in 1926 was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie Goncourt.\nIn 1929, Courteline died on his 71st birthday in Paris and was interred there in the P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery. Rue de Lariche, the street in the city of Tours where he was born, was renamed in his honour.", "Q69498": "Giubiasco is a former municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.", "Q271281": "Empire of the Sun is a 1987 American epic coming-of-age war film based on J. G. Ballard's semi-autobiographical novel of the same name. It was directed by Steven Spielberg and stars Christian Bale, John Malkovich, Miranda Richardson and Nigel Havers. The film tells the story of Jamie \"Jim\" Graham, a young boy who goes from living in a wealthy British family in Shanghai, to becoming a prisoner of war in a Japanese internment camp, during World War II.\nHarold Becker and David Lean were originally to direct before Spielberg came on board, initially as a producer for Lean. Spielberg was attracted to directing the film because of a personal connection to Lean's films and World War II topics. He considers it to be his most profound work on \"the loss of innocence\". The film received positive reviews but was not initially a box office success, earning only $22,238,696 at the US box office, but it eventually more than recouped its budget through revenues in other markets.", "Q1065049": "Charles Jarrott (26 March 1877 \u2013 4 January 1944) was an English racing car driver and businessman. Jarrott raced from 1900 to 1904, winning the 1902 Circuit des Ardennes race and competing in the 1903 and 1904 Gordon Bennett Cup races. He was the chair of the Motor Cycling Club's Annual Dinner at the Trocadero on Saturday 12 December 1913. He co-founded a car import firm in 1902 and was a founder member of the Automobile Association (the AA), serving as chairman in 1922.", "Q41314": "Robert James Fischer (March 9, 1943 \u2013 January 17, 2008) was an American chess grandmaster and the eleventh World Chess Champion. Many consider him to be the greatest chess player of all time.He showed great skill in chess from an early age; at 13, he won a brilliancy known as \"The Game of the Century\". At age 14, he became the US Chess Champion, and at 15, he became both the youngest grandmaster (GM) up to that time and the youngest candidate for the World Championship. At age 20, Fischer won the 1963/64 US Championship with 11 wins in 11 games, the only perfect score in the history of the tournament. His book My 60 Memorable Games, published in 1969, is regarded as essential reading. He won the 1970 Interzonal Tournament by a record 3\u00bd-point margin, and won 20 consecutive games, including two unprecedented 6\u20130 sweeps, in the Candidates Matches. In July 1971, he became the first official FIDE number-one-rated player.\nFischer won the World Chess Championship in 1972, defeating Boris Spassky of the USSR, in a match held in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland. Publicized as a Cold War confrontation between the US and USSR, it attracted more worldwide interest than any chess championship before or since. In 1975, Fischer refused to defend his title when an agreement could not be reached with FIDE, chess's international governing body, over one of the conditions for the match. Under FIDE rules, this resulted in Soviet GM Anatoly Karpov, who had won the qualifying Candidates' cycle, being named the new world champion by default.\nAfter forfeiting his title as World Champion, Fischer became reclusive and sometimes erratic, disappearing from both competitive chess and the public eye. In 1992, he reemerged to win an unofficial rematch against Spassky. It was held in Yugoslavia, which was under a United Nations embargo at the time. His participation led to a conflict with the US government, which warned Fischer that his participation in the match would violate an executive order imposing US sanctions on Yugoslavia. The US government ultimately issued a warrant for his arrest. After that, Fischer lived his life as an \u00e9migr\u00e9. In 2004, he was arrested in Japan and held for several months for using a passport that had been revoked by the US government. Eventually, he was granted an Icelandic passport and citizenship by a special act of the Icelandic Althing, allowing him to live in Iceland until his death in 2008.\nFischer made numerous lasting contributions to chess. In the 1990s, he patented a modified chess timing system that added a time increment after each move, now a standard practice in top tournament and match play. He also invented Fischer random chess, a new variant of chess also known as Chess960.", "Q247733": "Hitchcock is a 2012 American biographical drama film directed by Sacha Gervasi, based on Stephen Rebello's non-fiction book Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho. The film was released in selected cities on November 23, 2012, with a worldwide release on December 14, 2012.\nHitchcock centers on the relationship between film director Alfred Hitchcock (Anthony Hopkins) and his wife Alma Reville (Helen Mirren) during the making of Psycho, a controversial horror film that became one of the most acclaimed and influential works in the filmmaker's career.", "Q4935806": "Robert Kyagulanyi Ssentamu (born 12 February 1982), known by his stage name Bobi Wine, is a Ugandan politician, singer, actor, businessman and philanthropist. As of 11 July 2017, he serves as the member of parliament representing Kyadondo East constituency in Wakiso District, in Uganda's Central Region.\n\n", "Q20926": "Joshua Steele, better known by his stage name Flux Pavilion, is an English EDM producer, DJ, singer-songwriter and label owner who has been performing since 2008.\nFlux Pavilion has headlined three US tours, two UK tours, and several festival DJ sets, including Glastonbury, Reading, Coachella, and EDC Vegas. He has also made live performances with Example, Foreign Beggars and Chiddy Bang. Flux has listed his sound to be inspired by The Prodigy and Rusko.", "Q58645": "Robert Ley (German: [\u02c8la\u026a]; 15 February 1890 \u2013 25 October 1945) was a German politician during the Nazi era who headed the German Labour Front from 1933 to 1945. He committed suicide while awaiting trial at Nuremberg for war crimes.", "Q66973": "Riedholz is a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. In 2011 Niederwil merged into Riedholz.", "Q124210": "Emma Jung (born Emma Marie Rauschenbach, 30 March 1882 \u2013 27 November 1955) was a Swiss Jungian analyst and author. She married Carl Jung, financing and helping him to become the prominent psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology, and together they had five children. Enduring his infidelities and mood swings, she was his \"intellectual editor\" to the end of her life. After her death, Jung described her as \"a Queen\".", "Q57576": "Kurt Max Franz Daluege (15 September 1897 \u2013 24 October 1946) was the chief of the national uniformed Ordnungspolizei (Order Police) of Nazi Germany. Following Reinhard Heydrich's assassination in 1942, he served as Deputy Protector for the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Daluege directed the German measures of retribution for the assassination, including the Lidice massacre. After the end of World War II, he was extradited to Czechoslovakia, tried, convicted and executed in 1946.", "Q3772": "Quentin Jerome Tarantino (; born March 27, 1963) is an American filmmaker and actor. His films are characterized by nonlinear storylines, aestheticization of violence, extended scenes of dialogue, ensemble casts, references to popular culture and a wide variety of other films, soundtracks primarily containing songs and score pieces from the 1960s to the 1980s, alternate history, and features of neo-noir film.\nHe began his career as an independent filmmaker with the release of Reservoir Dogs in 1992, which was funded by money from the sale of his script True Romance. Empire deemed Reservoir Dogs the \"Greatest Independent Film of All Time\". His second film, Pulp Fiction (1994), a comedy crime film, was a major success both among critics and audiences. He also wrote the screenplay for and starred in the vampire film From Dusk Till Dawn (1996). Tarantino paid homage to the blaxploitation films of the 1970s with Jackie Brown (1997), an adaptation of Elmore Leonard's novel Rum Punch.\nKill Bill, a highly stylized \"revenge flick\" in the cinematic traditions of kung fu films, Japanese martial arts, and spaghetti westerns, followed six years later, and was released as two films: Volume 1 in 2003 and Volume 2 in 2004. Tarantino next directed the exploitation slasher film Death Proof in 2007, as part of a double feature with Robert Rodriguez, released in the tradition of grindhouse cinema of the 1970s under the collective title Grindhouse. His long-postponed Inglourious Basterds, which tells an alternate history of Nazi Germany, was released in 2009 to critical acclaim. After that came critically acclaimed Django Unchained (2012), a western film set in the Antebellum South. His eighth film, The Hateful Eight (2015), was released in its roadshow version in 70 mm film format, with opening \"overture\" and halfway-point intermission. His ninth film, Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, an alternate history of the Tate\u2013LaBianca murders, was released in 2019.\nTarantino's films have garnered both critical and commercial success as well as a dedicated cult-following. He has received many industry awards, including two Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards, four Golden Globe Awards and the Palme d'Or, and has been nominated for an Emmy and five Grammys. In 2005, he was included on the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. Filmmaker and historian Peter Bogdanovich has called him \"the single most influential director of his generation\". In December 2015, Tarantino received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry.In 2018, he married Israeli model-actress-singer Daniella Pick with whom he has a son, Leo, born in February 2020.", "Q475": "Eduardo Nicanor Frei Montalva (Spanish pronunciation: [e\u02c8\u00f0wa\u027e\u00f0o f\u027eei\u032f mon\u02c8tal\u03b2a]; January 16, 1911 \u2013 January 22, 1982) was a Chilean political leader. In his long political career, he was Minister of Public Works, president of his Christian Democratic Party, senator, President of the Senate, and the 28th president of Chile from 1964 to 1970. His eldest son, Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, also became president of Chile (1994\u20132000).\nFrei's Christian Democratic Party supported the Armed Forces intervention to remove his successor Salvador Allende from office in 1973, after the Chamber of Deputies, on August 22, 1973, accused Allende of violating the Constitution and called for his overthrow. He was later a vocal opponent of the Augusto Pinochet regime. On January 22, 1982, Frei died in Santiago, Chile following surgery. Some contend that he was assassinated.", "Q166023": "James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, 1st Duke of Liria and J\u00e9rica, 1st Duke of Fitz-James (21 August 1670 \u2013 12 June 1734) was an Anglo-French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England by Arabella Churchill, sister of the 1st Duke of Marlborough. Berwick was a successful general in the pay of Louis XIV of France.", "Q88114": "Margot Klestil-L\u00f6ffler (born 4 March 1954 in Dobersberg, Lower Austria) is an Austrian diplomat, former First Lady of Austria from 1998 to 2004, and the widow of Thomas Klestil, the former federal president of Austria. She served as the Austrian Ambassador to the Czech Republic from 2004 to 2009 and Ambassador to Russia 2009 to 2014. She has been serving as Russia envoy under Foreign Minister Karin Kneissl since 2018.\n\n", "Q367391": "Max Weber (2 August 1897 in Z\u00fcrich \u2013 2 December 1974 in Bern) was a Swiss politician.\nA member of the Social Democratic Party, Weber was seven times elected to the National Council, the lower house of the Swiss parliament (the Federal Assembly), serving continuously from 4 December 1939 to 31 December 1951 and then again from 5 December 1955 to 28 November 1971. \nOn 13 December 1951 he was elected to the Swiss Federal Council (the seven-member executive that constitutes Switzerland's federal government) where he headed the Federal Department of Finance from 1 January 1952 until 31 December 1953. Weber took the decision to resign from his seat on the Council with effect from 31 January 1954 after a referendum held on 6 December 1953 had rejected his federal budget proposals.", "Q316568": "Walter Lippmann (September 23, 1889 \u2013 December 14, 1974) was an American writer, reporter and political commentator famous for being among the first to introduce the concept of Cold War, coining the term \"stereotype\" in the modern psychological meaning, as well as critiquing media and democracy in his newspaper column and several books, most notably his 1922 book Public Opinion.Lippmann also played a notable role in Woodrow Wilson's post-World War I board of inquiry, as its research director. His views regarding the role of journalism in a democracy were contrasted with the contemporaneous writings of John Dewey in what has been retrospectively named the Lippmann-Dewey debate. Lippmann won two Pulitzer Prizes, one for his syndicated newspaper column \"Today and Tomorrow\" and one for his 1961 interview of Nikita Khrushchev.He has also been highly praised with titles ranging anywhere from \"most influential\" journalist of the 20th century, to \"Father of Modern Journalism\". Michael Schudson writes that James W. Carey considered Walter Lippmann's book Public Opinion as \"the founding book of modern journalism\" and also \"the founding book in American media studies\".", "Q1381363": "James Blanco Martin (born July 21, 1961, in Hayward, California, a suburb of Oakland), known professionally as Big Jim Martin, is an American guitarist best known for his membership in the rock band Faith No More from 1983 to late 1993. Martin also played guitar with the groups EZ-Street, Vicious Hatred, Agents of Misfortune, Recluse, and Pigs of Death.\nMartin was known for his long hair, bushy beard, and trademark red-rimmed glasses that he wears alone or over another darker pair of glasses.", "Q2115954": "Psychic TV (also referred to as PTV, Psychick TV, as well as several other aliases) were an English experimental video art and music group, formed by performance artist Genesis P-Orridge and Scottish musician Alex Fergusson in 1981 after the break-up of Throbbing Gristle.\nContributors to Psychic TV have included artists such as Coil, Current 93, Monte Cazazza, Larry Thrasher, Hilmar \u00d6rn Hilmarsson, Soft Cell, Fred Giannelli, Hafler Trio, The Cult, Master Musicians of Jajouka, William Breeze, Derek Jarman, John Gosling, Timothy Leary, Rose McDowall, Andrew Weatherall, and Z'EV.\nThee Temple ov Psychick Youth (a.k.a. T.O.P.Y.) formed as an organisation at the inception of the band, who conceived it as a magical order and the philosophical wing of Psychic TV. T.O.P.Y. also functions as a cult-like fan-club for the group.Psychic TV have released over one hundred full-length albums to date, and earned an entry in the Guinness Book of World Records for most records released in one year (1986). This occurred after the band attempted to release 23 live albums on the 23rd day of 23 consecutive months.Psychic TV was influential in pioneering the acid house genre, releasing several fake compilations in an effort to popularize the sound, such as Jack the Tab and Tekno Acid Beat. According to some, acid house was actually given its name by Genesis Breyer P-Orridge.After breaking up in 1999, Psychic TV reformed as PTV3 with a completely new line-up in 2003, and have continued to perform and release music.", "Q875147": "The University of Music and Performing Arts Graz (German: Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Musik und darstellende Kunst Graz or Kunstuniversit\u00e4t, abbreviated KUG) is a music and arts university in Graz, Austria. The university was given its present name in 1970, but goes back to the founding of the Singschule in 1816.", "Q329798": "Sir Thomas Daniel Courtenay (; born 25 February 1937) is an English actor who came to prominence in the early 1960s with a succession of films, including The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (1962), Billy Liar (1963), King Rat (1965), Doctor Zhivago (1965) and The Night of the Generals (1967). Since the mid-1960s, he has been known primarily for his work in the theatre, although he received Academy Award nominations for Doctor Zhivago and the film adaptation of The Dresser (1983), which he had performed in the West End and on Broadway. He was created a Knight Bachelor in February 2001 for his services to cinema and theatre.", "Q459756": "Laurence Jeanne Arnoldine Joseph Stassen (born 8 February 1971 in Sittard) is an independent Dutch politician and a former freelance television presenter of the regional broadcasting TV Limburg. There she presented the program sponsored Limburg Leeft (translated: Limburg Lives) about residency and life in Limburg.In the 2009 European Parliament elections, Stassen was ranked as fourth on the Party for Freedom (PVV) list. The PVV won four seats, but the lower-ranked party leader Geert Wilders was elected by preference votes. Wilders, however, had already declared that he would remain in the House of Representatives of the Netherlands and not take up his seat in the European Parliament, thus Stassen became a Member of the European Parliament on 14 July 2009.\nOn 10 December 2010, it was announced that Stassen would run for PVV party leader in the province of Limburg in the 2011 provincial elections. She was so elected and retained her membership of the European Parliament. On 21 March 2014, she left the PVV after allegedly discriminatory remarks by Geert Wilders about Moroccans. She stayed on until the European Parliament elections in May 2014, but immediately left the States-Provincial in Limburg, returning her seat to the Party for Freedom.Stassen then stood in the 2014 European elections for the constituency of South East England in the UK as the number one candidate for the Eurosceptic party An Independence from Europe. She was not elected.\nIn December 2014, Stassen announced that she had joined the party For the Netherlands, which had been founded by two fellow former PVV members earlier that year.Laurence Stassen is married with two children. She lives in Echt.", "Q170899": "N\u00e9stor Carlos Kirchner Jr. (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8nesto\u027e \u02c8ka\u027elos \u02c8ki\u027e\u0283ne\u027e]; 25 February 1950 \u2013 27 October 2010) was an Argentine politician who served as President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007 and as Governor of Santa Cruz from 1991 to 2003, as well as the First Gentleman during his wife, Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez de Kirchner's 2007\u20132010 tenure. Ideologically a Peronist and social democrat, he served as President of the Justicialist Party from 2008 to 2010, with his political approach being characterised as Kirchnerism.\nBorn in R\u00edo Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Kirchner studied law at the National University of La Plata. He met and married Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez at this time, returned with her to R\u00edo Gallegos at graduation, and opened a law firm. Commentators have criticized him for a lack of legal activism during the Dirty War, an issue he would involve himself in as president. Kirchner ran for mayor of R\u00edo Gallegos in 1987 and for governor of Santa Cruz in 1991. He was reelected governor in 1995 and 1999 due to an amendment of the provincial constitution. Kirchner sided with Buenos Aires provincial governor Eduardo Duhalde against President Carlos Menem. \nAlthough Duhalde lost the 1999 presidential election, he was appointed president by the Congress when previous presidents Fernando de la R\u00faa and Adolfo Rodr\u00edguez Sa\u00e1 resigned during the December 2001 riots. Duhalde suggested that Kirchner run for president in 2003 in a bid to prevent Menem's return to the presidency. Menem won a plurality in the first round of the presidential election but, fearing that he would lose in the required runoff election, he resigned; Kirchner became president as a result.\nKirchner took office on 25 May 2003. Roberto Lavagna, credited with the economic recovery during Duhalde's presidency, was retained as minister of economy and continued his economic policies. Argentina negotiated a swap of defaulted debt and repaid the International Monetary Fund. The National Institute of Statistics and Census intervened to underestimate growing inflation. Several Supreme Court judges resigned while fearing impeachment, and new justices were appointed. The amnesty for crimes committed during the Dirty War in enforcing the full-stop and due-obedience laws and the presidential pardons were repealed and declared unconstitutional. This led to new trials for the military who served during the 1970s. Argentina increased its integration with other Latin American countries, discontinuing its automatic alignment with the United States dating to the 1990s. The 2005 midterm elections were a victory for Kirchner, and signaled the end of Duhalde's supremacy in Buenos Aires Province.\nInstead of seeking reelection, Kirchner stepped aside in 2007 in support of his wife, Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez, who was elected president. He participated in the unsuccessful Operation Emmanuel to release FARC hostages, and was narrowly defeated in the 2009 midterm election for deputy of Buenos Aires Province. Kirchner was appointed Secretary General of UNASUR in 2010. He and his wife were involved (either directly or through their close aides) in the 2013 political scandal known as the Route of the K-Money, even though no judicial investigation ever found any proof of wrongdoing by N\u00e9stor or Cristina Kirchner. Kirchner died of cardiac arrest on 27 October 2010, and received a state funeral.", "Q24598": "Robert James Brown (born 27 December 1944) is a former Australian politician, medical doctor and environmentalist. He was a senator and the parliamentary leader of the Australian Greens. Brown was elected to the Australian Senate on the Tasmanian Greens ticket, joining with sitting Greens Western Australia senator Dee Margetts to form the first group of Australian Greens senators following the 1996 federal election. He was re-elected in 2001 and in 2007. He was the first openly gay member of the Parliament of Australia and the first openly gay leader of an Australian political party.\nWhile serving in the Tasmanian parliament, Brown successfully campaigned for a large increase in the protected wilderness areas. Brown led the Australian Greens from the party's foundation in 1992 until April 2012, a period in which polls grew to around 10% at state and federal levels (13.9% of the primary vote in 2010). From 2002 to 2004, when minor parties held the balance of power in the Senate, Brown became a well-recognised politician. In October 2003 Brown was the subject of international media interest when he was suspended from the parliament for interjecting during an address by United States president George W. Bush.\nOn 13 April 2012, Brown resigned as leader of the Greens and indicated his intention to resign from the Senate in June. This occurred on 15 June 2012.\n\n", "Q370835": "Cynic is an American progressive metal band founded in 1987 in Miami, Florida. Their work has incorporated elements of progressive rock, alternative rock, and extreme metal. Their first album, Focus, released on September 14, 1993, is widely regarded as a landmark release of the progressive metal genre. Cynic disbanded in 1994, but reunited in 2006, and released their second album on November 17, 2008. Traced in Air was released through French label Season of Mist, followed up by an EP titled Re-Traced on May 18, 2010 and an EP titled Carbon-Based Anatomy on November 11, 2011. Their third studio album, Kindly Bent to Free Us, was released on February 14, 2014. In December 2017, after two years of an uncertain future, Reinert confirmed his split from Cynic, leaving Masvidal as the only remaining original member left. Reinert died at the age of 48 on January 24, 2020.", "Q3568691": "William Henry Barlow FRS FRSE FICE MIMechE (10 May 1812 \u2013 12 November 1902) was an English civil engineer of the 19th century, particularly associated with railway engineering projects. Barlow was involved in many engineering enterprises. He was engineer for the Midland Railway on its London extension and designed the company's London terminus at St Pancras.\nWith John Hawkshaw, he completed Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Clifton Suspension Bridge. Following the Tay Bridge disaster he sat on the commission which investigated the causes and designed the replacement Tay Bridge. Barlow was also an inventor and experimenter, patenting a design for a rail and carrying out investigations on the use and design of steel structures.", "Q13334": "The University of Orl\u00e9ans (French: Universit\u00e9 d'Orl\u00e9ans) is a French university, in the Academy of Orl\u00e9ans and Tours. As of July 2015 it is a member of the regional university association Leonardo da Vinci consolidated University.", "Q15198545": "Bruno L\u00e9vy (born 3 August 1979) is a French filmmaker, photographer, and artist living in New York City. His artwork deals primarily with creating dynamic relationships between audio and video. He is best known for creating interactive video paintings and 3D video installations, as part of the new media collective SWEATSHOPPE, which he co-founded in 2009 with Blake Shaw. He has shot and directed music videos for bands such as The Walkmen and Modeselektor.\n\n", "Q447568": "Julie Mehretu (born in 1970) is an American contemporary visual artist, well known for her multi-layered paintings of abstracted landscapes on a large scale. Her paintings, drawings, and prints depict the cumulative effects of urban sociopolitical changes through the landscape's alteration of architecture, topography, and iconography.", "Q1165": "Bihar (; Hindi pronunciation: [b\u026a\u02c8\u0266a\u02d0r] (listen)) is a state in eastern India. It is the third-largest state by population and twelfth-largest by territory, with an area of 94,163 km2 (36,357 sq mi). It is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, and with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges, which flows from west to east. Three main cultural regions converge in the state: Magadh, Mithila, and Bhojpur.On 15 November 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state.In ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions: Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom.Since the late 1970s, Bihar has lagged far behind other Indian states in terms of social and economic development. Many economists and social scientists claim that this is a direct result of the policies of the central government, such as the freight equalization policy, its apathy towards Bihar, lack of Bihari sub-nationalism, and the Permanent Settlement of 1793 by the British East India Company. The state government has, however, made significant strides in developing the state. Improved governance has led to an economic revival in the state through increased investment in infrastructure, better health care facilities, greater emphasis on education, and a reduction in crime and corruption.", "Q484523": "Jared Joseph Leto (; born December 26, 1971) is an American actor and singer-songwriter. After starting his career with television appearances in the early 1990s, Leto achieved recognition for his role as Jordan Catalano on the television series My So-Called Life (1994). He made his film debut in How to Make an American Quilt (1995) and received critical praise for his performance in Prefontaine (1997). Leto played supporting roles in The Thin Red Line (1998), Fight Club (1999) and American Psycho (2000), as well as the lead role in Urban Legend (1998), and earned critical acclaim after portraying heroin addict Harry Goldfarb in Requiem for a Dream (2000). He later began focusing increasingly on his music career, returning to acting with Panic Room (2002), Alexander (2004), Lord of War (2005), Lonely Hearts (2006), Chapter 27 (2007), and Mr. Nobody (2009). In 2012, he directed the documentary film Artifact. He then appeared in Suicide Squad (2016) and Blade Runner 2049 (2017).\nLeto's performance as a transgender woman in Dallas Buyers Club (2013) earned him an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actor. Leto is considered to be a method actor, known for his constant devotion to and research of his roles. He often remains completely in character for the duration of the shooting schedules of his films, even to the point of adversely affecting his health. He is also known to be selective about his film roles.Leto is the lead vocalist, multi-instrumentalist and main songwriter for Thirty Seconds to Mars, a band he formed in 1998 in Los Angeles, California, with his older brother Shannon Leto. Their debut album, 30 Seconds to Mars (2002), was released to positive reviews, but only to limited commercial success. The band achieved worldwide fame with the release of their second album A Beautiful Lie (2005). Their following releases, This Is War (2009), and Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams (2013), received further critical and commercial success. As of September 2014, the band has sold over 15 million albums worldwide. Leto has also directed music videos, including the MTV Video Music Award\u2013winning \"The Kill\" (2006), \"Kings and Queens\" (2009), and \"Up in the Air\" (2013).", "Q86139": "Herbert Haupt (born 28 September 1947) is an Austrian politician and former party chairman of the Austrian Freedom Party. Born in Seeboden, Carinthia, and a veterinarian by training, he was federal Minister of Social Services from 2000 till 2005 in a coalition government headed by Wolfgang Sch\u00fcssel. Haupt was Vice Chancellor of Austria from 28 February 2003 until 20 October 2003.\nHe is still a member of the National Council of Austria, now representing the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZ\u00d6) party founded by J\u00f6rg Haider in April 2005.\nHe stepped down as Minister of Social Services in January 2005 and was succeeded by Ursula Haubner, J\u00f6rg Haider's sister.\n\n", "Q161994": "Romny (Ukrainian: \u0420\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0301; Russian: \u0420\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0301) is a city in northern Ukrainian Sumy Oblast. It is located on the Romen River. Romny serves as the administrative center of Romny Raion. It is administratively incorporated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. The villages of Lutschky (438 inhabitants), Kolisnykove (43 inhabitants) and Hrabyne belong to the Romny Municipality. Population: 40,681\u2009(2015 est.)", "Q4118898": "Armi Maria Ratia n\u00e9e Airaksinen (13 July 1912 \u2013 3 October 1979) was the founder of the Finnish textile and clothing company Marimekko Oy. She is among Finland's most famous female entrepreneurs. She was born in P\u00e4lkj\u00e4rvi in Ladogan Karelia.\nFor a detailed biographical article in the context of her Marimekko company, see The National Biography of Finland entry. \nShe is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.", "Q318223": "Karl Martin Sandberg (Swedish: [\u02c8m\u01ce\u0288\u02d0\u026an \u02c8s\u00e2n(d)b\u00e6rj, - \u02c8s\u00e2mb\u00e6rj]; born 26 February 1971), known professionally as Max Martin, is a Swedish singer, songwriter and record producer. He rose to prominence in the second half of the 1990s after making a string of tracks such as Britney Spears's \"...Baby One More Time\" (1998), The Backstreet Boys's \"I Want It That Way\" (1999), and NSYNC's \"It's Gonna Be Me\" (2000). \nMartin has written or co-written 23 Billboard Hot 100 number-one songs, most of which he has also produced or co-produced, including Katy Perry's \"I Kissed a Girl\" (2008), Maroon 5's \"One More Night\" (2012), Taylor Swift's \"Shake It Off\" and \"Blank Space\" (2014), and The Weeknd's \"Can't Feel My Face\" (2015). Martin is the songwriter with the third-most number-one singles on the chart, behind only Paul McCartney (32) and John Lennon (26). In addition, he is tied for the most Hot 100 number-one singles as a producer, 23, along with George Martin, who had achieved 23 by the time of his death.In early 2013, his single sales were tallied by The Hollywood Reporter to be at over 135 million. According to Variety, his net worth was approximately $260 million in 2017. The previous year he achieved approximately an income of $54 million and a profit of $19 million for his services.Martin has won the ASCAP Songwriter of the Year award a record eleven times.\n\n", "Q12994": "Bruges ( BROOZH, French: [b\u0281y\u0292] (listen); Flemish: Brugge [\u02c8br\u028f\u0263\u0259] (listen); German: Br\u00fcgge [\u02c8b\u0281\u028f\u0261\u0259]) is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium, in the northwest of the country, and the seventh largest city of the country by population.\nThe area of the whole city amounts to more than 13,840 hectares (138.4 km2; 53.44 sq miles), including 1,075 hectares off the coast, at Zeebrugge (from Brugge aan zee, meaning \"Bruges by the Sea\"). The historic city centre is a prominent World Heritage Site of UNESCO. It is oval in shape and about 430 hectares in size. The city's total population is 117,073 (1 January 2008), of whom around 20,000 live in the city centre. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 616 km2 (238 sq mi) and has a total of 255,844 inhabitants as of 1 January 2008.Along with a few other canal-based northern cities, such as Amsterdam and St Petersburg, it is sometimes referred to as the Venice of the North. Bruges has a significant economic importance, thanks to its port, and was once one of the world's chief commercial cities. Bruges is well known as the seat of the College of Europe, a university institute for European studies.", "Q1603": "Kentucky (UK: ken-TUK-ee, US: (listen) k\u0259n-), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the Southern United States. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States. \nThe bluegrass region in the central part of the state houses the state's capital, Frankfort, as well as its two largest cities, Louisville and Lexington, the two of which together are home to over 20% of the state's population.[3] Kentucky shares borders with Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia and Virginia to the east, Tennessee to the south, and Missouri to the west.\nKentucky is known as the \"Bluegrass State\", a nickname based on Kentucky bluegrass, a species of grass found in many of its pastures. Kentucky is home to the world's longest cave system, Mammoth Cave National Park, one of the greatest lengths of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States, and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River.\nIn 1792, Kentucky became the 15th state admitted to the Union, splitting from Virginia in the process.Kentucky is also known for horse racing, bourbon, moonshine, coal, \"My Old Kentucky Home\" historic state park, automobile manufacturing, tobacco, bluegrass music, college basketball, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and the Kentucky colonel.", "Q371295": "Pigskin Parade is a 1936 American musical comedy film which tells the story of husband-and-wife college football coaches who convince a backwoods player to play for their team so they can go to the big game. It was written by William M. Conselman, Mary Kelly, Nat Perrin, Arthur Sheekman, Harry Tugend and Jack Yellen, and was directed by David Butler.\nThe cast includes Stuart Erwin (in an Oscar-nominated performance), Jack Haley, Patsy Kelly, Arline Judge, Dixie Dunbar, Johnny Downs, Betty Grable, Tony Martin and Judy Garland in her film debut. The film was distributed by 20th Century Fox.", "Q351145": "Sterling Seagrave (April 15, 1937 \u2013 May 1, 2017) was an American historian. He was the author of The Soong Dynasty, The Marcos Dynasty, Gold Warriors and numerous other books which address unofficial and clandestine aspects of the 20th-century political history of countries in the Far East.", "Q317110": "Gian Maria Volont\u00e9 (9 April 1933 \u2013 6 December 1994) was an Italian actor, remembered for his versatility as an interpreter, his outspoken left-wing leanings and fiery temper on and off-screen. He is perhaps most famous outside Italy for his roles in four Spaghetti Western films: Ramon Rojo and El Indio in Sergio Leone's A Fistful of Dollars (1964) and For a Few Dollars More (1965), El Chuncho Munoz in Damiano Damiani's A Bullet for the General (1966) and Professor Brad Fletcher in Sergio Sollima's Face to Face (1967).\nIn Italy and much of Europe, he was notable for his roles in high-profile social dramas depicting the political and social stirrings of Italian and European society in the 1960s and 1970s, including four films directed by Elio Petri \u2013 We Still Kill the Old Way (1967), Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion (1970), The Working Class Goes to Heaven (1971) and Todo modo (1976). He is also recognized for his performances in Jean-Pierre Melville's Le Cercle Rouge (1970), Giuliano Montaldo's Sacco & Vanzetti (1971) and Francesco Rosi's Christ Stopped at Eboli (1979).", "Q265592": "Space Mutiny (also known as Mutiny in Space) is a 1988 South African space opera action film about a mutiny aboard the generation ship known as the Southern Sun. The film has since developed a cult following after being featured in a popular episode of the television show Mystery Science Theater 3000.", "Q254997": "Nicolae Rainea (19 November 1933 \u2013 1 April 2015), nicknamed The Locomotive of the Carpathians, was a Romanian football referee and player.\n\n", "Q431398": "Emad Abdul-Ghani Sabouni (Arabic: \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u200e) (born 1964 in Damascus) is the Minister of Communications and Technology of Syria.", "Q157598": "Kulmbach is the capital of the district of Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany. The town is famous for Plassenburg Castle, which houses the largest tin soldier museum in the world, and for its famous sausages, or Bratw\u00fcrste.", "Q98461": "Franz Dahlem (14 January 1892 \u2013 17 December 1981) was a German politician. Dahlem was a leading official of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and, after 1945, of East Germany's ruling Socialist Unity Party (SED).\nBy the early 1950s he had become well known and popular with many comrades in the higher reaches of the SED (party) and was seen by some as a possible rival to the country's leader, Walter Ulbricht: he was stripped of his functions in 1953. He was formally rehabilitated in 1956, however.He sat as a Communist member of the German Reichstag between 1928 and 1933. and, except for a few years following his fall from grace, as an SED member of the East German Volkskammer (People's Chamber) between 1947 and 1976. Of more significance in terms of the East German power structures, he was also a member of the ruling party's Central Committee from 1946 till 1953, and again from 1957 till his retirement in 1974.\n\n", "Q552617": "William Ernest Henley (23 August 1849 \u2013 11 July 1903) was an influential English poet, critic and editor of the late Victorian era in England. Though he wrote several books of poetry, William Ernest Henley is remembered most often for his 1875 poem \"Invictus\", a piece which recurs in popular awareness (e.g., see the 2009 Clint Eastwood film, Invictus). A fixture in literary circles, the one-legged Henley was also the inspiration for Robert Louis Stevenson's character Long John Silver (Treasure Island, 1883), while his young daughter Margaret inspired J.M. Barrie\u2019s choice of the name Wendy for the heroine of his play Peter Pan (1904).", "Q946599": "Manuel Mej\u00eda Vallejo (23 April 1923 \u2013 23 July 1998) was a Colombian writer and journalist. The specialist Lu\u00eds Carlos Molina says that Mej\u00eda represents the Andean aspect of the contemporary Colombian narrative, characterized by a world of symbols which are little by little being lost in the memory of the mountain.\nDoctor Honoris Causa of the National University of Colombia. Professor of literature at the National University of Colombia at Medell\u00edn, director of the Departmental Printing Press of Antioquia.\nBorn in Jeric\u00f3, he studied at the Bolivarian Pontifical University and studied painting and sculpture at the Fine Arts Institute of Medell\u00edn. He collaborated as a journalist in the newspaper ''El Sol. He was the creator of Grupo La Tertulia with Gonzalo Restrepo Jaramillo and Jaime San\u00edn.\nBetween 1949 and 1957 he was exiled in Venezuela, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. In 1978 he was named Director of the Writer's Workshop of the Pilot Public Library of Medell\u00edn. His 1988 novel La casa de las dos palmas was awarded the Venezuelan R\u00f3mulo Gallegos Prize.\nVallejo died in El Retiro.", "Q4910310": "William Sumio Naito (September 16, 1925 \u2013 May 8, 1996) was a noted businessman, civic leader and philanthropist in Portland, Oregon, U.S. He was an enthusiastic advocate for investment in downtown Portland, both private and public, and is widely credited for helping to reverse a decline in the area in the 1970s through acquiring and renovating derelict or aging buildings and encouraging others to invest in downtown and the central city.In the 1980s and 1990s he was one of Portland's most esteemed business and civic leaders, honored with \"dozens\" of awards and holding positions on several volunteer boards, commissions, and advisory committees. He commonly went by the name Bill, as opposed to William. An arterial street in downtown Portland, Front Avenue, was renamed Naito Parkway in his honor.", "Q179665": "Urmia or Orumiyeh (Persian: \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0647\u200e, pronounced [o\u027eumi\u02c8je] (listen); Azerbaijani: \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0647or \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u200e, romanized: Urmiya or Urmi, Kurdish: \u00dbrmiy\u00ea ,\u0648\u0631\u0645\u06ce\u200e; Syriac: \u0710\u0718\u073f\u072a\u0721\u071d\u073c\u200e, romanized: Urmi) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran and the capital of Urmia County. It is situated at an altitude of 1,330 metres (4,360 ft) above sea level, and is located along the Shahar Chay river (City River) on the Urmia Plain. Lake Urmia, one of the world's largest salt lakes, lies to the east of the city, and the mountainous Turkish border area lies to the west.\nUrmia is the 10th most populated city in Iran. At the 2012 census, its population was 667,499, with 197,749 households. The city's inhabitants are predominantly Azerbaijanis or Turks who speak the Azerbaijanian Turkish. There are also minorities of Kurds, Persians, Assyrians, and Armenians. The city is the trading center for a fertile agricultural region where fruits (especially apples and grapes) and tobacco are grown. Even though, the majoirty of the residents of Urmia are Muslims, but the Christian history of Urmia is well preserved and is especially evident in the city's many churches and cathedrals.\nAn important town by the 9th century, the city has had a diverse population which has at times included Muslims (Shias and Sunnis), Christians (Catholics, Protestants, Nestorians, and Orthodox), Jews, Bah\u00e1'\u00eds and Sufis. Around 1900, Christians made up more than 40% of the city's population; however, most of the Christians fled in 1918 because of the Armenian and Assyrian Genocides by the Ottoman Empire which invaded Qajar Iran during the Persian Campaign.", "Q43265": "The N\u00fcnalphorn is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Nidwalden and Obwalden. It is located between the valleys of Melchtal and Engelberg.", "Q101906": "Josef Mayr (June 16, 1900 in Augsburg \u2013 August 2, 1957 in La Spezia, Italy) was the mayor of Augsburg, Germany, between 1934 and 1945. He was a member of the Nazi Party.\n\n", "Q1345321": "The Loyal Orange Institution, commonly known as the Orange Order, is a Protestant fraternal order in Northern Ireland. It also has lodges in the Republic of Ireland, Scotland and throughout the Commonwealth and United States. The Orange Order was founded in County Armagh in 1795, during a period of Protestant\u2013Catholic sectarian conflict, as a Masonic-style fraternity sworn to maintain the Protestant Ascendancy. It is headed by the Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland, which was established in 1798. Its name is a tribute to the Dutch-born Protestant king William of Orange, who defeated the army of Catholic king James II in the Williamite\u2013Jacobite War (1688\u20131691). The order is best known for its yearly marches, the biggest of which is held on or around 12 July (The Twelfth).\nThe Orange Order is a conservative unionist organisation, with links to Ulster loyalism. It campaigned against Scottish independence in 2014. The Order sees itself as defending Protestant civil and religious liberties, whilst critics accuse the Order of being sectarian, triumphalist, and supremacist. As a strict Protestant society, it does not accept non-Protestants as members unless they convert and adhere to the principles of Orangeism, nor does it accept Protestants married to Catholics. Although many Orange marches are without incident, marches through mainly Catholic and Irish nationalist neighbourhoods are controversial and have often led to violence.", "Q379811": "Daniel Jacob Stern (born August 28, 1957) is an American actor, artist, comedian, director, and screenwriter. He is perhaps best known for his roles as Marvin \"Marv\" Merchants in Home Alone (1990) and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992), Phil Berquist in City Slickers (1991) and City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold (1994), the voice of adult Kevin Arnold on the television series The Wonder Years and the voice of Dilbert on the animated series of the same name. Other notable films of his include Breaking Away (1979), Stardust Memories (1980), Diner (1982), Hannah and Her Sisters (1986), The Milagro Beanfield War (1988) and Coupe de Ville (1990). He made his feature-film directorial debut with Rookie of the Year (1993).", "Q504451": "Gaggenau is a town in the district of Rastatt, in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is located some 8 km northeast of Baden-Baden.", "Q682840": "The Schijenflue is a mountain in the R\u00e4tikon range of the Alps, located on the border between Austria and Switzerland.\nA day or multiday hike that follows the whole of the R\u00e4tikon chain and passes Schijenflue on its sunny side is called \"Pr\u00e4ttigauer H\u00f6henweg\".", "Q298437": "Anna Easteden (born 29 November 1976) is a Finnish American actress whose film appearances include The House of Branching Love (2009) and Sideways (2009). She is known for her performance as \"Bee Sting\" in Who Wants to Be a Superhero? season 2 (2007) on Sci Fi Channel. She co-starred in soap operas: Passions and Days of Our Lives on NBC, the television series Bones on Fox and Two and a Half Men on CBS.", "Q15023": "Leung Chun-ying, GBM, GBS, JP (Chinese: \u6881\u632f\u82f1; born 12 August 1954), also known as CY Leung, is a Hong Kong politician. He was the third Chief Executive of Hong Kong between 2012 and 2017. In March 2017, he was appointed vice-chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.\nA surveyor by profession, Leung entered politics when he joined the Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee (HKBLCC) in 1985 and became its secretary-general in 1988. In 1999, he was appointed the convenor of the Executive Council of Hong Kong, a position he held until 2011, when he resigned to run in the 2012 Chief Executive election. Initially regarded as the underdog, Leung ran a successful campaign against front-runner Henry Tang, receiving 689 votes from the Election Committee and with the support of the Liaison Office.\nAt the beginning of his administration, Leung faced the anti-Moral and National Education protests and the Hong Kong Television Network protests. In 2014, Leung's government faced widespread civil disobedience targeting the government's constitutional reform proposals; the movement gained global attention as the \"Umbrella Revolution\". After the 2014 protests, Leung's government had to deal with the 2016 Mong Kok civil unrest. During his election campaign and governance, Leung also faced allegations related to his receipt of HK$50 million payment by UGL (see Leung Chun-ying\u2013UGL agreement), which prompted initial investigations by Parliament in Australia. Leung's tenure coincided with the rise of social instability, localism in Hong Kong, an Hong Kong independence for Hong Kong's separation from Chinese sovereignty. In December 2016, Leung announced he would not seek a second term, becoming the first Chief Executive not to do so.\n\n", "Q211213": "Melanie Ruth Blatt (born 25 March 1975) is an English singer-songwriter and actress. She rose to fame in 1997 as a member of the girl group All Saints. The group have gained five number one singles, two multi-platinum albums, two BRIT Awards and have sold over 10 million records worldwide making them one of the best-selling girl groups of all time, and the second best-selling girl group in the UK.\nBlatt began recording a solo album in 2003, working with numerous producers including Xenomania and released her debut solo single \"Do Me Wrong\" in 2003. Blatt was later dropped by her record label, and her solo album was cancelled. In 2005, she made a return to music with her single \"See Me\", and began recording another album independently which was later shelved and cancelled in favour of the All Saints reunion. In 2013 and 2015, she was a judge on the television series The X Factor NZ.", "Q315707": "Karel Berman (14 April 1919 in Jind\u0159ich\u016fv Hradec, Czechoslovakia \u2013 11 August 1995 in Prague, Czech Republic) was a Jewish Czech opera singer, composer and opera director.", "Q3014": "Wolfsburg (UK: VOLFS-burg, US: WUULFS-burg, VAWLFS-boork, German: [\u02c8v\u0254lfsb\u028a\u0250\u032fk] (listen)) is the fifth largest city in the German state of Lower Saxony. Located on the River Aller. It lies about 75 km (47 mi) east of Hanover and 230 km (143 mi) west of Berlin.\nIn 2013, Wolfsburg ranked as the richest city in Germany with a GDP per capita of $128,000 due to its thriving auto industry.Wolfsburg is famous as the location of Volkswagen AG's headquarters and the world's biggest car plant. The Autostadt is a visitor attraction next to the Volkswagen factory that features the company's model range: Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Ducati, Lamborghini, MAN, Neoplan, Porsche, Scania, SEAT, \u0160koda Auto and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. Wolfsburg is one of the few German cities built during the first half of the 20th century. From its founding on 1 July 1938 as a home for workers producing the \"KdF-Wagen\" (VW Beetle) until 25 May 1945, the city was called \"Stadt des KdF-Wagens bei Fallersleben\". In 1972, the population first exceeded 100,000.", "Q388156": "Sylvain Mizrahi (born February 14, 1951), known professionally as Sylvain Sylvain, is an American rock guitarist, most notable for being a member of the New York Dolls.", "Q546662": "Mar\u00eda Teresa Castillo (October 15, 1908 \u2013 June 22, 2012) was a Venezuelan journalist, politician, political activist, human rights activist, and cultural entrepreneur. She was the founder of the Caracas Athenaeum, a leading cultural institution which promotes the arts of Caracas. She also served as the president of Caracas Athenaeum from 1958 until her death in 2012. Castillo, a proponent of human rights, also played a major role in the formation of Amnesty International's Venezuelan chapter in 1978.", "Q721655": "Robert Lemaignen (15 March 1893 \u2013 3 April 1980) was a right-wing French European Commissioner.\nHe was appointed as one of the first French European Commissioners on the first Hallstein Commission from 1958 to 1962. He did not remain a member of the second Hallstein commission and was succeeded as commissioner by Henri Rochereau. Lemaignen had responsibility for Overseas development.\nLemaignen had previously been the vice-president of the French employers federation (with extensive African experience).", "Q124576": "J\u00fcrg Schubiger (14 October 1936 \u2013 15 September 2014) was a Swiss psychotherapist and writer of children's books. He won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis (German Youth Literature Award) in 1996 for Als die Welt noch jung war.For his \"lasting contribution\" as a children's writer Schubiger received the biennial Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 2008. The award conferred by the International Board on Books for Young People is the highest recognition available to a writer or illustrator of children's books.", "Q58123": "\u00d6ssur Skarph\u00e9\u00f0insson (pronounced [\u02c8\u0153s\u02d0\u028fr \u02c8skar\u0325p\u00e7\u025b\u00f0\u026ans\u0254n]; born 19 June 1953) is an Icelandic politician who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs from February 2009 to May 2013.\n\u00d6ssur matriculated from the Reykjav\u00edk Grammar School in 1973, and gained a BS in Biology from the University of Iceland in 1979, and a doctorate from the University of East Anglia in 1983 entitled \"The effect of photoperiod on the growth of the rainbow trout\". He was a member of the parliament (Althing) for the Reykjav\u00edk Constituency from 1991 to 2003, and for Reykjav\u00edk North Constituency from 2003 to 2016. He was Chairman of the Social Democratic Party parliamentary group from 1991 to 1993, Minister for the Environment from 1993 to 1995, and Chairman of the Social Democratic Alliance from 2000 to 2005.\u00d6ssur was appointed Minister of Industry, Energy and Tourism for the Social Democratic Alliance in May 2007. He was also Minister for Nordic Cooperation from 24 May 2007 to 10 June 2008. In February 2009 he was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs.\n\n", "Q1185817": "John Sharian (born John Shahnazarian) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for his role in the film The Machinist (2004).", "Q501529": "Hatfields & McCoys is a 2012 American three-part Western television miniseries based on the Hatfield\u2013McCoy feud produced by History channel. The two-hour episodes aired on May 28, 29, and 30, 2012.", "Q125668": "Jules Angst (born 1926) is Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry at Zurich University in Zurich,\nSwitzerland, and Honorary Doctor of Heidelberg University in Heidelberg, Germany.\nHe was born in Zurich, where he also grew up.\n\n", "Q5465": "Cape Town (Khoekhoegowab: \u01c1Hui!gaeb; Afrikaans: Kaapstad [\u02c8k\u0251\u02d0pstat]; Xhosa: iKapa;) is the second most populous city in South Africa after Johannesburg and also the legislative capital of South Africa. Colloquially named the Mother City, it is the largest city of the Western Cape province and forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality. The Parliament of South Africa sits in Cape Town. The other two capitals are located in Pretoria (the executive capital where the Presidency is based) and Bloemfontein (the judicial capital where the Supreme Court of Appeal is located). The city is known for its harbour, for its natural setting in the Cape Floristic Region, and for landmarks such as Table Mountain and Cape Point. Cape Town is home to 64% of the Western Cape's population. The city was named the World Design Capital for 2014 by the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design.In 2014, Cape Town was named the best place in the world to visit by both The New York Times and The Daily Telegraph. Cape Town was one of the host cities of the tournaments of 1995 Rugby World Cup and 2010 FIFA World Cup.\nLocated on the shore of Table Bay, Cape Town, as the oldest urban area in South Africa, was developed by the United East India Company (VOC) as a supply station for Dutch ships sailing to East Africa, India, and the Far East. Jan van Riebeeck's arrival on 6 April 1652 established VOC Cape Colony, the first permanent European settlement in South Africa. Cape Town outgrew its original purpose as the first European outpost at the Castle of Good Hope, becoming the economic and cultural hub of the Cape Colony. Until the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the development of Johannesburg, Cape Town was the largest city in South Africa.\n\n", "Q82439": "William McComas (1795 \u2013 June 3, 1865) was a Virginia lawyer and politician who also served in the Virginia Senate, United States House of Representatives and voted against secession in the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861. During the American Civil War, although some of his sons enlisted on opposing sides and West Virginia was created, he continued to serve as a federal judge in Union-held territory.", "Q85356": "Wolf Klinz (born 13 September 1941 in Vienna) is a German politician. He served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) with the Free Democratic Party of Germany (FDP), part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE), from 2004 until 2014 and from 2017 until 2019.", "Q314419": "Ettore Arco Isidoro Bugatti (15 September 1881 \u2013 21 August 1947) was an Italian-born French automobile designer and manufacturer. He is remembered as the founder and proprietor of the automobile manufacturing company Automobiles E. Bugatti, which he founded in 1909 in the then German town of Molsheim in the Alsace region of what is now France. \nBugatti died in Paris, and is buried in Dorlisheim in the Bas-Rhin (Lower Rhine) department of today's France.", "Q1928051": "Michael Jay Johnson (August 8, 1944 \u2013 July 25, 2017) was an American pop, country, and folk singer-songwriter and guitarist. He is best known for his 1978 hit song \"Bluer Than Blue\". He charted four hits on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and nine more on Hot Country Songs, including two Number One country hits in 1986's \"Give Me Wings\" and \"The Moon Is Still Over Her Shoulder\". He also co-wrote \"Cain's Blood\", the debut single of 1990s country group 4 Runner.", "Q582152": "Yuri Iosifovich Vizbor (Russian: \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0438\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440; June 20, 1934 \u2013 September 17, 1984) was a well-known Soviet bard and poet as well as a theatre and film actor.\n\n", "Q93520": "Baron Jurij Bartolomej Vega (also Veha; Latin: Georgius Bartholomaei Vecha; German: Georg Freiherr von Vega; born Vehovec, March 23, 1754 \u2013 September 26, 1802) was a Slovene mathematician, physicist and artillery officer.", "Q307": "Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaulti de Galilei ([\u0261ali\u02c8l\u025b\u02d0o \u0261ali\u02c8l\u025bi]; 15 February 1564 \u2013 8 January 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath, from Pisa. Galileo has been called the \"father of observational astronomy\", the \"father of modern physics\", the \"father of the scientific method\", and the \"father of modern science\".Galileo studied speed and velocity, gravity and free fall, the principle of relativity, inertia, projectile motion and also worked in applied science and technology, describing the properties of pendulums and \"hydrostatic balances\", inventing the thermoscope and various military compasses, and using the telescope for scientific observations of celestial objects. His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the observation of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, the observation of Saturn's rings, and the analysis of sunspots.\nGalileo's championing of heliocentrism and Copernicanism was controversial during his lifetime, when most subscribed to geocentric models such as the Tychonic system. He met with opposition from astronomers, who doubted heliocentrism because of the absence of an observed stellar parallax. The matter was investigated by the Roman Inquisition in 1615, which concluded that heliocentrism was \"foolish and absurd in philosophy, and formally heretical since it explicitly contradicts in many places the sense of Holy Scripture\".Galileo later defended his views in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632), which appeared to attack Pope Urban VIII and thus alienated him and the Jesuits, who had both supported Galileo up until this point. He was tried by the Inquisition, found \"vehemently suspect of heresy\", and forced to recant. He spent the rest of his life under house arrest. While under house arrest, he wrote Two New Sciences, in which he summarized work he had done some forty years earlier on the two sciences now called kinematics and strength of materials.", "Q548883": "Thomas Turner Sc., A.R.S.M., F.R.I.C. (Birmingham, 1861\u20131951) was the first Professor of Metallurgy in Britain, at the University of Birmingham. The University was created in 1900 and the department founded in 1902. He was instrumental in the early development of the sclerometer for testing hardness of metals. He retired in 1926. He was also a leading member of the Christadelphian church.\nTurner was born in Ladywood, Birmingham in 1861. He married Christian Smith of Edinburgh in 1887 and had two sons and two daughters. He studied metallurgy at the Royal School of Mines in London, and won the annual De la Beche medal awarded in memory of the school's founder. Turner was demonstrator at Mason Science College from 1883, then 1887 lecturer in metallurgy, a new science that \"was to develop greatly under his guidance during the next forty years.\" From 1894-1902 he was Director of Technical Instruction to Staffordshire County Council, but in 1902 was chosen as the first Professor of Metallurgy in the newly established University of Birmingham. He retired in 1926 but continued to publish and lecture.\nHis most notable work was seminal research in the influence of silicon in cast iron. He was a founder member of, and later president of the Institute of Metals, vice president of the Iron and Steel Institute, and on the Advisory Committee of the Imperial Institute.\nTurner was active in the Christadelphian movement and for many years was first assistant editor, with Joseph Hadley, then editor of the Fraternal Visitor magazine of the Suffolk Street ecclesia. In this function he was also involved in support of the Gemeinde in Germany, corresponding with Albert Maier and Ludwig von Gerdtell. As a hymn writer he contributed to his church's hymnal.", "Q499566": "Ivan Ivanovich Safronov (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432) (16 January 1956 \u2013 2 March 2007) was a Russian journalist and columnist who covered military affairs for the daily newspaper Kommersant. He died after falling from the fifth floor of his Moscow apartment building. His apartment was on the third floor. There are speculations that he may have been killed for his critical reporting: the Taganka District prosecutor's office in Moscow initiated a criminal investigation into Safronov's death, and in September 2007, officially ruled his death a suicide.", "Q1185803": "Masahiko Kond\u014d (\u8fd1\u85e4 \u771f\u5f66, Kond\u014d Masahiko, born July 19, 1964 in Yokohama, Japan) or Matchy is a Japanese singer, lyricist, actor, racing car manager and former semi-professional racing driver represented by Johnny & Associates. He was part of the Tanokin Trio.\nKond\u014d is also a semi-professional racing driver and a racing team owner. He founded the racing team Kondo Racing in 2000 which competes in Formula Nippon and the Super GT.\n\n", "Q57204": "Johannes \"Hans\" Friedrich Leopold von Seeckt (22 April 1866 \u2013 27 December 1936) was a German military officer who served as Chief of Staff to August von Mackensen and was a central figure in planning the victories Mackensen achieved for Germany in the east during the First World War.\nDuring the years of the Weimar Republic he was chief of staff for the Reichswehr from 1919 to 1920 and commander in chief of the German Army from 1920 until he resigned in October 1926. During this period he engaged in the reorganization of the army and laid the foundation for the doctrine, tactics, organization, and training of the German army. By the time Seeckt left the German Army in 1926 the Reichswehr had a clear, standardized operational doctrine, as well as a precise theory on the future methods of combat which greatly influenced the military campaigns fought by the Wehrmacht during the first half of the Second World War. While Seeckt undertook multiple programs to get around Versailles military limitations, he has been criticized for failing to expand the reserves of officers and trained men available to the army, the main obstacle to rearmament during the Republic.Seeckt served as a member of parliament from 1930 to 1932. From 1933 to 1935 he was repeatedly in China as a military consultant to Chiang Kai-shek in his war against the Chinese Communists and was directly responsible for devising the Encirclement Campaigns, that resulted in a string of victories against the Chinese Red Army and forced Mao Zedong into a 9,000 km retreat, also known as the Long March.", "Q83733": "Milo Anthony Ventimiglia (, Italian: [venti\u02c8mi\u028e\u028ea]; born July 8, 1977) is an American actor, director and producer. After several roles in television series and parts in independent films, he gained recognition for his roles as Jess Mariano on the television series Gilmore Girls from 2001 to 2006, and as Peter Petrelli on the NBC series Heroes from 2006 to 2010. He has starred as Jack Pearson on the NBC drama This Is Us since 2016.\nVentimiglia debuted on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1995), subsequently cast in the short-lived Fox series Opposite Sex in 2000. Later roles included Richard Thorne on The WB's The Bedford Diaries, a recurring role as Meg Pryor's love interest on NBC's American Dreams, and Rocky Balboa's son (Rocky Jr.) in the sixth and eighth installments of the Rocky series, Rocky Balboa (2006) and Creed II (2018). He starred as Peter Petrelli on NBC's Heroes from 2006 to 2010, receiving nominations for Teen Choice, Saturn and People's Choice Awards. He also had roles in the horror films Pathology (2008) and Kiss of the Damned (2013).\nAppearing on television as Ian Mitchell on the Crackle original series Chosen as well as Sean Bennigan on The Whispers in 2015, Ventimiglia reprised his role as Jess Mariano on Netflix's reunion miniseries, Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life (2016), and stars as Jack Pearson on NBC's This Is Us (2016\u2013present). For his role as Jack Pearson, Ventimiglia received three nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series. As member of the This Is Us cast, he won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2018 and 2019.", "Q41466": "Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score goals. The sport is known to be fast-paced and physical, with teams usually fielding six players at a time: one goaltender, and five players who skate the span of the ice trying to control the puck and score goals against the opposing team.\nIce hockey is most popular in Canada, central and eastern Europe, the Nordic countries, Russia, and the United States. Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada. In addition, ice hockey is the most popular winter sport in Belarus, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and Switzerland. North America's National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world. The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the IIHF World Ranking. Worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 76 countries.In Canada, the United States, Nordic countries, and some other European countries the sport is known simply as hockey; the name \"ice hockey\" is used in places where \"hockey\" more often refers to the more popular field hockey, such as countries in South America, Asia, Africa, Australasia, and some European countries including the United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands.Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th centuries in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. These games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, where the first indoor hockey game was played on March 3, 1875. Some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey leagues began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion and later became the championship trophy of the NHL. In the early 1900s, the Canadian rules were adopted by the Ligue Internationale de Hockey Sur Glace, the precursor of the IIHF and the sport was played for the first time at the Olympics during the 1920 Summer Olympics.\nIn international competitions, the national teams of six countries (the Big Six) predominate: Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in men's competition at the Olympics, only seven medals were not awarded to one of those countries (or two of their precursors, the Soviet Union for Russia, and Czechoslovakia for the Czech Republic). In the annual Ice Hockey World Championships, 177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. Teams outside the Big Six have won only five medals in either competition since 1953. The World Cup of Hockey is organized by the National Hockey League and the National Hockey League Players' Association (NHLPA), unlike the annual World Championships and quadrennial Olympic tournament, both run by the International Ice Hockey Federation. World Cup games are played under NHL rules and not those of the IIHF, and the tournament occurs prior to the NHL pre-season, allowing for all NHL players to be available, unlike the World Championships, which overlaps with the NHL's Stanley Cup playoffs. Furthermore, all 12 Women's Olympic and 36 IIHF World Women's Championship medals were awarded to one of these six countries. The Canadian national team or the United States national team have between them won every gold medal of either series.", "Q432685": "Sabine Haudepin (born 19 October 1955) is a French actress. She has appeared in more than 50 films since 1962. She was born in Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis, France.", "Q229940": "Karen Lucille Hale (born June 14, 1989), known professionally as Lucy Kate Hale, is an American actress, singer, and television personality. She is best known for her roles as Aria Montgomery in the Freeform series Pretty Little Liars (2010\u20132017), and Katy Keene in The CW series Katy Keene (2020\u2013present). Some other notable roles in television played by Hale include Becca Sommers in Bionic Woman (2007), Rose Baker in Privileged (2008\u20132009) and Stella Abbott in Life Sentence (2018). Hale has also appeared in films such as The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 (2008), Sorority Wars (2009), A Cinderella Story: Once Upon a Song and Scream 4 (both 2011), Truth or Dare and Dude (both 2018), and Fantasy Island (2020) \nIn addition to acting, Hale has also ventured into music. In 2003, she first came to prominence as one of the five winners of the reality show American Juniors, a children's spin-off of Fox's American Idol and began as a solo artist with signing Hollywood Records in 2012, on her debut studio album, Road Between (2014).", "Q480037": "Ante Ciliga (20 February 1898 \u2013 21 October 1992) was a Croatian politician, writer and publisher. Ciliga was one of the founders of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ).", "Q1287712": "Muhammad Shahid Nazir (Urdu, Punjabi: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u06c1\u062f \u0646\u0630\u06cc\u0631; born 1981), also known as the One Pound Fish Man (sometimes stylised as \u00a31 Fish Man), is a Pakistani trader and singer-songwriter who found Internet fame with his viral video, \"One Pound Fish\". His subsequent appearance on The X Factor led to a record deal with Warner Music.", "Q181874": "Neu! (styled as NEU! in block capitals, German: New!, pronounced [n\u0254\u028f]) was a German band formed in D\u00fcsseldorf in 1971 by Klaus Dinger and Michael Rother following their departure from Kraftwerk. The group's albums were produced by Conny Plank, who has been regarded as the group's \"hidden member\". They released three albums in their initial incarnation\u2014Neu! (1972), Neu! 2 (1973), and Neu! 75 (1975)\u2014before disbanding in 1975. They briefly reunited in the mid-1980s.Though Neu! had minimal commercial success during its existence, the band is retrospectively considered a central act of West Germany's 1970s krautrock movement. They are known for pioneering the \"motorik\" beat, a minimalist 4/4 rhythm associated with krautrock artists. Their work has exerted a widespread influence on genres such as electronica and punk.", "Q974259": "George Blatz Rathmann (1927\u20132012) was an American chemist, biologist, pioneer in biotechnology and corporate executive. In 1980 he co-founded and served as the first CEO of Amgen, and later founded Icos.", "Q85342": "Burkhard Balz (born 24 July 1969) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, part of the European People's Party. From 2009 until 2018, he served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany.", "Q1157945": "Dalip Singh Saund (September 20, 1899 \u2013 April 22, 1973) was an American politician who was a member of the United States House of Representatives. He served the 29th District of California from January 3, 1957 to January 3, 1963. He was the first Asian American, the first Indian American, the first Sikh-American and the first member of a non-Abrahamic faith to be elected to the United States Congress.", "Q122113": "Super is a 2010 American superhero black comedy film written and directed by James Gunn and starring Rainn Wilson, Ellen Page, Liv Tyler, Kevin Bacon and Nathan Fillion. It tells the story of Frank Darbo, a short-order cook who becomes a superhero without having any superhuman ability, calling himself the \"Crimson Bolt\". He sets out to rescue his wife Sarah from the hands of a drug dealer.\nThe film premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival and was released in theaters in the United States on April 1, 2011 and on video on demand on April 13, 2011. The film was released unrated in U.S. theaters, and later received an R rating for its DVD/Blu-ray release. Upon release, Super received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $590,000 against a budget of $2.5 million, making it Gunn's lowest-grossing film.", "Q444713": "Sir Frank Ezra Adcock, (15 April 1886 \u2013 22 February 1968) was a British classical historian who was Professor of Ancient History at the University of Cambridge between 1925 and 1951. In addition to his academic work, he also served as a cryptographer in both World War I and World War II.\n\n", "Q295107": "Mr. T (born Lawrence Tureaud; May 21, 1952) is an American actor, bodyguard, television personality, and retired professional wrestler, known for his roles as B. A. Baracus in the 1980s television series The A-Team and as boxer Clubber Lang in the 1982 film Rocky III.\nMr. T is known for his distinctive hairstyle inspired by Mandinka warriors in West Africa, his gold jewelry, and his tough-guy image. In 2006, he starred in I Pity the Fool, a reality show shown on TV Land; the title of the show comes from the famous catchphrase used by his character, Clubber Lang.\n\n", "Q300478": "A Man Called Magnum (in original Italian Napoli si ribella) is a 1977 poliziotteschi film. This film by Michele Massimo Tarantini stars Luc Merenda.", "Q1617": "Urdu (; Urdu: \u0627\u064f\u0631\u062f\u064f\u0648\u200e, ALA-LC: Urd\u016b, [\u02c8\u028ardu\u02d0] (listen)) \u2013 also known as Lashkari (\u0644\u0634\u06a9\u0631\u06cc, La\u0161kar\u012b, [l\u0259\u0283k\u0259ri:]) \u2013 or Modern Standard Urdu is a Persianised standard register of the Hindustani language. Urdu is the official national language, and lingua franca, of Pakistan. In India, it is one of 22 constitutionally recognised official languages, having official status in the five states of Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal, as well as the national capital territory of Delhi. \nAs both registers are composed of the same Indo-Aryan vocabulary base, colloquial Urdu is largely mutually intelligible with colloquial Hindi, with the two registers being grouped together as Hindustani or Hindi-Urdu. With respect to literary vocabulary, however, formal Urdu draws heavily from Persian vocabulary and requires knowledge of some simple Persian grammatical structures, while formal Hindi heavily draws from Sanskrit for its formal and technical vocabulary.Later, Urdu became the official language of government in northern and northwest British India, along with English, from 1837 onwards in place of Persian, which had been used by various Indo-Islamic empires as their language of government. Religious, social, and political factors arose during the colonial period that advocated for a distinction between Urdu and Hindi, leading to the Hindi\u2013Urdu controversy.According to Nationalencyklopedin's 2010 estimates, Urdu is the 21st most spoken first language in the world, with approximately 66 million who speak it as their native language. According to Ethnologue's 2018 estimates, Urdu, is the 11th most widely spoken language in the world, with 170 million total speakers, including those who speak it as a second language. If grouped along with Hindi, Hindustani would be the 3rd most spoken language in the world, with approximately 329.1 million native speakers, and 697.4 million total speakers of both Urdu and Hindi.", "Q264840": "Vera Ann Farmiga (; born August 6, 1973) is an American actress, director, and producer. She began her career on stage in the original Broadway production of Taking Sides (1996). She made her television debut in the Fox fantasy series Roar (1997), and her film debut in the drama-thriller Return to Paradise (1998).\nFarmiga's breakthrough came in 2004 with her starring role as a drug addict in the drama Down to the Bone. She received further praise for the drama film Nothing But the Truth (2008), and won critical acclaim for starring in the 2009 comedy-drama Up in the Air, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Farmiga made her directorial debut in 2011 with the acclaimed drama film Higher Ground, in which she also had a leading role. She also had starring roles in the political thriller The Manchurian Candidate (2004), the crime drama The Departed (2006), the historical drama The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (2008), the science fiction thriller Source Code (2011), the action thriller Safe House (2012), the legal drama The Judge (2014), the biographical drama The Front Runner (2018), and the monster film Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019).\nFarmiga has portrayed paranormal investigator Lorraine Warren in the Conjuring Universe films The Conjuring (2013), The Conjuring 2 (2016), and Annabelle Comes Home (2019). From 2013 to 2017, she starred as Norma Louise Bates in the A&E drama series Bates Motel, which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. These roles, along with Joshua (2007) and Orphan (2009), established her as a scream queen. For her portrayal of a lawyer in the miniseries When They See Us (2019), she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.", "Q89578": "Ralf Stegner (born 2 October 1959 in Bad D\u00fcrkheim) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He was the leader of the SPD in Schleswig-Holstein from 2007 to 2019. He is currently the Leader of the Opposition in Schleswig-Holstein since June 2017, an office he also held from July 2009 to June 2012. He is considered a member of the SPD's left wing.", "Q5544787": "Sir Reginald George Stapledon FRS (22 September 1882 - 16 September 1960) was an English grassland scientist and pioneer environmentalist.", "Q2070100": "Matthew Albert Hunter (1878-1961) was a metallurgist and inventor of the Hunter process for producing titanium metal.\nHunter was born in Auckland, New Zealand in 1878 and received his early education in local public schools. He completed his Secondary education at Auckland Grammar School. He attended Auckland University College, where he earned his Bachelor's in 1900, and his Master's degree in 1902, and later studied at University College, London, earning a Doctor of Science degree, and at various other European universities. He met his future wife Mary Pond in Europe, as a fellow student, and married after traveling to America. He became employed at the research laboratories of General Electric, where he began his research into Titanium. Following the recession of 1908, he left GE and became a professor of Electrical Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York.", "Q457009": "Kerstin Thorvall (12 August 1925 in Eskilstuna \u2013 9 April 2010) was an influential Swedish novelist.Thorvall was born in Eskilstuna on 12 August 1925. She worked in illustration first. Her first book was Boken till dig (A book for you) in 1959, which proved popular with young adult readers.Her work at times was the subject of controversy, most marked by her 1976 novel Det mest f\u00f6rbjudna (which translates to \"The Most Forbidden\", but published in English translation as \"Forbidden Fruit\") which concerned a middle-age woman with a high sex-drive. That novel was adapted into a three-episode television series on Sveriges Television in 2016, with Swedish actress Cilla Thorell playing Thorvall.Thorvall died in April 2010 after a long illness in an elderly care facility.", "Q2633276": "Aleksandr Ivanovich Konovalov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432) (17 September 1875, Moscow \u2013 28 January 1949, Paris, France; Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve-des-Bois Cemetery) was a Russian Kadet politician and entrepreneur. One of Russia's biggest textile manufacturers, he became a leader of the liberal, business-oriented Progressist Party and was a member of the Progressive Bloc in the Fourth Duma.", "Q55413": "William Dieterle (July 15, 1893 \u2013 December 9, 1972) was a German-American actor and film director, who emigrated to the United States in 1930 to leave a worsening political situation. He worked in Hollywood primarily as a director for much of his career, becoming a United States citizen in 1937. \nHis best-known films include The Devil and Daniel Webster, The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936) and The Hunchback of Notre Dame. His 1937 film The Life of Emile Zola won the Academy Award for Best Picture, the second biographical feature to do so.", "Q341342": "Acid Black Cherry (abbreviated as ABC) is the solo project of the former lead vocalist of Janne Da Arc, Yasu. The group was formed after Janne Da Arc announced their indefinite hiatus.", "Q64816": "Urmein (Romansh: Urmagn) is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q291361": "Hallie Kate Eisenberg (born August 2, 1992) is an American former actress, best known for being \"The Pepsi Girl\" in a series of Pepsi commercials, as Marie Alweather in Paulie, and her role as Erika Tansy in How to Eat Fried Worms.\n\n", "Q254983": "William Lewis Safir (December 17, 1929 \u2013 September 27, 2009), better known as William Safire (), was an American author, columnist, journalist, and presidential speechwriter.\nHe was a long-time syndicated political columnist for The New York Times and wrote the \"On Language\" column in The New York Times Magazine about popular etymology, new or unusual usages, and other language-related topics.", "Q921516": "Nikolai Konstantinovich Baibakov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432) (6 March 1911, Sabunchu, near Baku, Russian Empire \u2013 31 March 2008, Moscow) was a Soviet statesman, economist and Hero of Socialist Labor. He finished secondary school in 1928 and entered the Azerbaijan Oil and Chemistry Institute, from which he graduated in 1931 as a mining engineer. In 1935, he was drafted into the armed forces. After completing his military service, he was appointed chief of the oilfield production department in an industrial complex in the USSR. Later he was promoted to chief engineer, then general director. He was in charge of evacuating oil industry facilities to the eastern regions during the Nazi invasion. Then he was appointed as narkom of the oil Industry of the USSR in 1944 serving until 1946. Because of his success in the planning of the oil industry sector of the Soviet Union and experience in economics, he was appointed as the head of Gosplan (State Planning Committee) of the USSR twice (1955\u20131957, 1965\u20131985).\nNikolai Baibakov retired in 1985. But he continued to work as a state councilor in the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the USSR as of 1988. Then he was appointed head of the oil and gas section of the Academic Board of the Oil and Gas Institute with the Russian Academy of Sciences.", "Q505983": "Christopher Gauthier (born 27 January 1976) is an English-born Canadian actor best known for his work in Need for Speed: Carbon. He is married with two children and currently resides in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.\nChris had a recurring role on the SyFy Channel series Eureka, as Caf\u00e9 Diem owner Vincent. While filming the final 10 episodes of season three of Eureka, Chris also filmed the 2009 CBS Mystery Event Harper's Island in which he appears as Malcolm Ross, and in Freddy vs. Jason as Shack.\n\n", "Q1285105": "Milojko \"Mile\" Kiti\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0458\u043a\u043e \u201e\u041c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u201d \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0438\u045b; born 1 January 1952) is a Bosnian-born Serbian singer. He rose to prominence as a member of the popular eighties turbo-folk collective Ju\u017eni Vetar with fellow folk singers Sinan Saki\u0107, Dragana Mirkovi\u0107, Kemal Malov\u010di\u0107 and \u0160emsa Suljakovi\u0107.", "Q101912": "Willi Schur (22 August 1888 \u2013 1 November 1940) was a German actor and singer. He appeared in roughly ninety feature films in a variety of supporting roles.\n\n", "Q86893": "Anke Spoorendonk (born 21 September 1947 in Busdorf) is a German politician from the South Schleswig Voters' Association (SSW). From 12 June 2012, until 28 June 2017 she was the Minister for Justice, Culture and European Affairs in the state government of Schleswig-Holstein.", "Q426828": "Donnie Darko is a 2001 American science fiction psychological thriller film written and directed by Richard Kelly. It stars Jake Gyllenhaal, Jena Malone, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Drew Barrymore, Mary McDonnell, Katharine Ross, Patrick Swayze, Noah Wyle, Stu Stone, Daveigh Chase and James Duval. The film follows the adventures of the troubled titular character as he seeks to find the meaning behind his doomsday-related visions.\nFilmed over the course of 28 days, which matches the passage of time in the film, Donnie Darko was almost released straight-to-video. It was screened at the Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2001, before receiving a limited theatrical release on October 26, 2001, by Flower Films. Due to the film's advertising featuring a crashing plane and the September 11 attacks that transpired a month before, the film was scarcely advertised. The film grossed just over $7.5 million worldwide on a budget of $4.5 million.Despite its initial lackluster box office performance, Donnie Darko received critical acclaim. Critics lauded the story, acting, and tone. It was listed No. 2 in Empire's \"50 Greatest Independent Films of All Time\", as well as No. 53 in Empire's \"500 Greatest Movies of All Time\". It was released on VHS and DVD in March 2002. The film became a surprising success on the home video market, reportedly grossing over half a million in sales and developing a cult following. A director's cut was released in 2004, on a two-disc special edition DVD. A stage adaptation appeared in 2007, and a sequel, S. Darko, in 2009.\nThe film's soundtrack included a cover version of Tears for Fears's \"Mad World\" by Gary Jules and Michael Andrews which topped the UK Singles Chart for three consecutive weeks; the song achieved lukewarm success in the United States, reaching No. 30 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.", "Q2559017": "Wendell Cherry (September 25, 1935 \u2013 July 16, 1991) was an American lawyer, entrepreneur, art collector and patron. The company he co-founded, Humana, grew under his leadership to become the largest hospital operator in the United States. In addition, he built one of the most important art collections in the country in the 1980s.", "Q961132": "Luis Antonio Hierro L\u00f3pez (born June 6, 1947 in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan political figure.", "Q88666": "Georg Lhotzky (6 February 1937 \u2013 28 November 2016) was an Austrian actor and film director. He directed 15 films between 1960 and 1991.", "Q319129": "Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909 \u2013 May 29, 1998) was an American politician, businessman, and author who was a five-term Senator from Arizona (1953\u20131965, 1969\u20131987) and the Republican Party nominee for president of the United States in 1964. Despite his loss of the 1964 presidential election in a landslide, Goldwater is the politician most often credited with having sparked the resurgence of the American conservative political movement in the 1960s. He also had a substantial impact on the libertarian movement.Goldwater rejected the legacy of the New Deal and fought with the conservative coalition against the New Deal coalition. Although he had supported earlier civil rights legislation, he notably opposed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as he believed it to be an overreach by the federal government. In 1964, Goldwater mobilized a large conservative constituency to win the hard-fought Republican presidential primaries. Although raised as an Episcopalian, Goldwater was the first candidate of ethnically Jewish heritage to be nominated for President by a major American party (his father was Jewish). Goldwater's platform ultimately failed to gain the support of the electorate and he lost the 1964 presidential election to incumbent Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson. Goldwater returned to the Senate in 1969 and specialized in defense and foreign policy. As an elder statesman of the party, Goldwater successfully urged President Richard Nixon to resign in 1974 when evidence of a cover-up in the Watergate scandal became overwhelming and impeachment was imminent.\nGoldwater's views grew more libertarian as he reached the end of his career; he retired from the Senate in 1987. A significant accomplishment of his career was the passage of the Goldwater\u2013Nichols Act of 1986. He was succeeded by John McCain, who praised his predecessor as the man who \"transformed the Republican Party from an Eastern elitist organization to the breeding ground for the election of Ronald Reagan.\" Goldwater strongly supported the 1980 presidential campaign of Reagan, who had become the standard-bearer of the conservative movement after his \"A Time for Choosing\" speech. Reagan reflected many of the principles of Goldwater's earlier run in his campaign. The Washington Post columnist George Will took note of this, writing: \"We [...] who voted for him in 1964 believe he won, it just took 16 years to count the votes.\"\nAfter leaving the Senate, Goldwater's views cemented as libertarian. He criticized the \"moneymaking ventures by fellows like Pat Robertson and others [in the Republican Party] who are trying to...make a religious organization out of it.\" He lobbied for homosexuals to be able to serve openly in the military, opposed the Clinton administration's plan for health care reform, and supported abortion rights and the legalization of medicinal marijuana. In 1997, Goldwater was revealed to be in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. He died one year later at the age of 89.", "Q158867": "Century Media Records is a heavy metal record label with offices in the United States, Germany and London. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.", "Q725427": "Tiit V\u00e4hi (born 10 January 1947) is an Estonian politician who was Prime Minister of Estonia from 1995 to 1997. He was also acting Prime Minister for several months during 1992 under the transitional government.", "Q596127": "Nikolai Shelyagovich (poles \u041c\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0428\u044b\u043b\u044f\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0447, Myko\u0142a \u0160ylahovy\u010d (born 21 July 1956, village Ogdemer, Drahichyn District, Brest Region, BSSR) is an initiator and proponent of the idea of the establishment of Polesian autonomy in Soviet Byelorussia in the 1980s. However, he and his associated received almost no support and the campaign eventually melted away. In particular, writer Nil Hilevich and some others spoke against him, claiming threat to the national integrity of Belarus, which was labelled as \"Yotvingian separatism\".Since the mid-1990s, he has worked for the holding \u00abSHELENG GROUP\u00bb, from April 2008 - Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of Alliance \"Russian automation systems\".", "Q1040593": "Billie Keith Hughes (April 4, 1948 \u2013 July 3, 1998) was an American recording artist, songwriter, musician, and record producer. He is best known for his songs written for Philip Bailey, Phil Collins, Bette Midler, The Jacksons, The Sisters Of Mercy, Al Jarreau, his band Lazarus, Noel Paul Stookey, and his solo career as a recording artist. Hughes had a successful artist career in Japan and was awarded the No. 1 International Single of the Year in 1992 at the NHK Grand Prix Japanese Gold Disk Awards.\nThe Japanese primetime television series \"Mou Daremo Aiseai\" featuring Billie Hughes \"Welcome to the Edge\" (\"Todokanu Omoi\") began rebroadcasting October 8, 2019 on TVK, a local Japanese station located in Kanagawa, which is part of the Greater Tokyo Area. The series is 12 episodes long.", "Q469681": "Jonas Lauritz Idemil Lie (Norwegian: [li\u02d0]; 6 November 1833 \u2013 5 July 1908) was a Norwegian novelist, poet, and playwright who, together with Henrik Ibsen, Bj\u00f8rnstjerne Bj\u00f8rnson and Alexander Kielland, is considered to have been one of the Four Greats of 19th century Norwegian literature.", "Q492355": "Winchester is an independent city located in the northern portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It is the county seat of Frederick County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Winchester with surrounding Frederick County for statistical purposes. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 26,203. As of 2018, its population is an estimated 28,108.Winchester is the principal city of the Winchester, Virginia\u2013West Virginia, metropolitan statistical area, which is a part of the Baltimore\u2013Washington metropolitan area. Winchester is home to Shenandoah University and the Museum of the Shenandoah Valley.", "Q1391164": "Tamer Hosny Sherif Abbas Farghaly (Arabic: \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u063a\u0644\u064a\u200e; born 16 August 1977), known by his artistic name Tamer Hosny (Arabic: \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u200e), is an Egyptian singer, actor, composer, director and songwriter. He first came to public attention when he appeared on mix tapes with other Egyptian artists. Hosny launched his solo career with his 2004 album Hob, becoming a successful singer of romantic music and was given the nickname \"King of the Generation\" by his fans. In December 2019, Hosny broke the Guinness World Record for the most contributions to a bulletin board.", "Q725341": "Tiga () James Sontag (born 18 September 1974) is a Canadian musician, DJ and record producer of electronic dance music. He has released three albums, Sexor, Ciao!, and No Fantasy Required. Sexor won the 2007 Juno Award for Dance Recording of the Year. Tiga released a selection of compilations in the early 2000s, featuring mixes such as American Gigolo, DJ-Kicks: Tiga and, Mixed Emotions, which put him on the map as one of \"the world's best mixers\". His compilation mix, Tiga Non-Stop, was released in November 2012, and premiered Tiga's latest single \"Plush\". The mix also features tracks from artists such as Kindness, Duke Dumont and Blawan.\nTiga has remixed songs from The xx, LCD Soundsystem, The Kills, Cabaret Voltaire, Scissor Sisters, Peaches, Moby, Depeche Mode, Justice, Friendly Fires and Mylo. Along with Zombie Nation, Tiga is half of ZZT, and has released material as The Dove, Rainer Werner Bassfinder (with Jesper Dahlb\u00e4ck), and TGV (with Mateo Murphy). He has also co-produced music with Soulwax, James Murphy, Chilly Gonzales, Jesper Dahlb\u00e4ck, and Matthew Dear, who he worked with on \"Plush\".\nAs a solo artist, Tiga released \"Sunglasses at Night\" with Finnish producer Jori Hulkkonen. The single reached number 25 in the UK Dance Chart. Other successful chart singles include \"Pleasure From the Bass\", \"You Gonna Want Me\" featuring Jake Shears, and his 2009 release \"Shoes\", co-produced with Soulwax and Chilly Gonzales.\nTiga was the host of the BBC Radio 6 Music show My Name Is Tiga, and made his acting debut in the 2010 film Ivory Tower. The film won special mention at the Locarno International Film Festival. \nTiga hosts a podcast entitled Last Party On Earth, Season 1 in 2019 featured guests Annie Mac, Pete Tong, Carl Cox.", "Q272944": "Danielle Andrea Harris (born June 1, 1977) is an American actress, voice actress, and film director. She is known as a \"scream queen\" for her roles in multiple horror films, including four entries in the Halloween franchise: Halloween 4 and 5, as Jamie Lloyd (1988\u201389); and the Halloween remake and its sequel, as Annie Brackett (2007\u201309). Other such roles include Tosh in Urban Legend (1998), Belle in Stake Land (2010), and Marybeth Dunston in the Hatchet series (2010\u201317). In 2012, she was inducted into the Fangoria Hall of Fame.\nHarris began her career as a child actress, with various appearances on television and prominent roles in films such as Marked for Death (1990), Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead (1991), The Last Boy Scout (1991), Free Willy (1993), and Daylight (1996). She is also known for her voice work, which includes playing Debbie Thornberry for the entire run of the Nickelodeon series The Wild Thornberrys (1998\u20132004), and in the related films The Wild Thornberrys Movie (2002) and Rugrats Go Wild (2003).\nIn 2013, Harris made her feature directorial debut with the horror film Among Friends, after previously directing a segment from the anthology film Prank (2008) and a Stake Land companion short film (2010).", "Q263691": "Lara Pulver (born 1 September 1980) is an English actress. She has played Erin Watts in the BBC spy drama Spooks, and Irene Adler on BBC's TV adaptation Sherlock. She won the 2016 Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Musical in the West End's revival of the hit Broadway musical Gypsy.", "Q735152": "Frankie Banali (born November 14, 1951) is an American rock drummer, best known for his work with multi-platinum heavy metal band Quiet Riot and is the only member remaining from the band's classic lineup. He has been the band's manager since 1994. He played drums in the heavy metal band W.A.S.P., as well as with Billy Idol. Banali was briefly a touring drummer for Faster Pussycat and Steppenwolf.\n\n", "Q130271": "Live and Become (French: Va, vis et deviens) is a 2005 French drama film about an Ethiopian Christian boy who disguises himself as an Ethiopian Jew to escape famine and emigrates to Israel. It was directed by Romanian-born Radu Mih\u0103ileanu. It won awards at the Berlin and Vancouver film festivals among others.", "Q971447": "Yeremey Iudovich Parnov (Russian: \u0415\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432; 20 October 1935 \u2013 18 March 2009 ) was a Soviet and Jewish Russian writer and publicist. Parnov attended the Moscow Peat University and worked as a chemical engineer. He also used to work as a professional journalist. Parnov is an author of several popular scientific works such as \u0424\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u043a \u041d\u0422\u0420 or \u0417\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0423\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, apart from dozens of articles, sketches and essays.\nStrikingly foreshadowing concerns of later decades, the 1964 Soviet novel World Soul (translated into English) by Yemtsev and Parnov dramatizes a supercomputer which uploads all human identities and downloads them in a global nightmare of scrambled individuality. In 1970 the co-authorship with Yemtsev has ceased. He died in 2009.", "Q3517051": "Theodore J. Stepien (June 9, 1925 \u2013 September 10, 2007) was an American businessman who owned the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1980 to 1983. Born in Pittsburgh in 1925, he became wealthy as the founder of Nationwide Advertising Service and purchased an interest in the Cavaliers on April 12, 1980. His tenure as owner of the Cavs was highly controversial, resulting in multiple coaching changes and poor performances by the team, and his management decisions ultimately led the NBA to create what is known as the \"Ted Stepien rule\" to restrict how teams can trade draft picks. A December 6, 1982 article in The New York Times described the Cavaliers during Stepien's ownership as \"the worst club and most poorly run franchise in professional basketball.\" After selling his interest in the Cavaliers in 1983, he continued to be involved in professional basketball, owning teams in the Continental Basketball Association and the Global Basketball Association. Later in life he founded the United Pro Basketball League, along other business ventures in the Cleveland area. He died in 2007.", "Q97020": "Anne Schwanewilms (born 1967, in Gelsenkirchen) is a German lyric soprano. She studied gardening before training in Cologne as a singer with the German bass Hans Sotin. She is particularly associated with performing the works of Richard Wagner, Franz Schreker, Alban Berg, and Richard Strauss. She sang the lead role of Carlotta in Franz Schreker's Die Gezeichneten at the Salzburg Festival in 2005, recorded and subsequently published on DVD by Opus Arte.\nShe sang Gutrune in James Levine's Der Ring des Nibelungen.\nOn 26 January 2011, she performed the role of the Marschallin in the jubilee centenary performance of Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss at the Semperoper in Dresden.\nHer debut at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City in the role of the Kaiserin in Die Frau ohne Schatten took place on 7 November 2013.", "Q8515534": "The Pyatnitskoye cemetery is one of the graveyards in the Russian capital Moscow. It is among the oldest and largest resting places in the city.", "Q273482": "The \u00c9cole Normale de Musique de Paris \"Alfred Cortot\" (ENMP) is a leading conservatoire located in Paris. At the time of the school's foundation in 1919 the term ecole normale (English: normal school) meant a teacher training institution, and the school was intended to produce music teachers as well as concert performers.\nLocated in the 17th arrondissement of Paris, it was founded by Auguste Mangeot and pianist Alfred Cortot. It is officially recognised by the Ministry of Culture and Communication and is under the patronage of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The school is not recognised by the Bologna Process", "Q13320": "Savona (Italian: [sa\u02c8vo\u02d0na] (listen); local Ligurian: Sann-a [\u02c8sa\u014b\u02d1a], Genoese: Savonn-a) is a seaport and comune in the west part of the northern Italian region of Liguria, capital of the Province of Savona, in the Riviera di Ponente on the Mediterranean Sea.\nSavona used to be one of the chief seats of the Italian iron industry, having iron-works and foundries, shipbuilding, railway workshops, engineering shops, and a brass foundry.\nOne of the most celebrated former inhabitants of Savona was the navigator Christopher Columbus, who farmed land in the area while chronicling his journeys. 'Columbus's house', a cottage situated in the Savona hills, lay between vegetable crops and fruit trees. It is one of several residences in Liguria associated with Columbus.", "Q55375": "Claude Henri Jean Chabrol (French: [klod \u0283ab\u0281\u0254l]; 24 June 1930 \u2013 12 September 2010) was a French film director and a member of the French New Wave (nouvelle vague) group of filmmakers who first came to prominence at the end of the 1950s. Like his colleagues and contemporaries Jean-Luc Godard, Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut, \u00c9ric Rohmer and Jacques Rivette, Chabrol was a critic for the influential film magazine Cahiers du cin\u00e9ma before beginning his career as a film maker.\nChabrol's career began with Le Beau Serge (1958), inspired by Hitchcock's Shadow of a Doubt (1943). Thrillers became something of a trademark for Chabrol, with an approach characterized by a distanced objectivity. This is especially apparent in Les Biches (1968), La Femme infid\u00e8le (1969), and Le Boucher (1970) \u2013 all featuring St\u00e9phane Audran, who was his wife at the time.\nSometimes characterized as a \"mainstream\" New Wave director, Chabrol remained prolific and popular throughout his half-century career. In 1978, he cast Isabelle Huppert as the lead in Violette Nozi\u00e8re. On the strength of that effort, the pair went on to others including the successful Madame Bovary (1991) and La C\u00e9r\u00e9monie (1996). Film critic John Russell Taylor has stated that \"there are few directors whose films are more difficult to explain or evoke on paper, if only because so much of the overall effect turns on Chabrol's sheer hedonistic relish for the medium...Some of his films become almost private jokes, made to amuse himself.\" James Monaco has called Chabrol \"the craftsman par excellence of the New Wave, and his variations upon a theme give us an understanding of the explicitness and precision of the language of the film that we don't get from the more varied experiments in genre of Truffaut or Godard.\"", "Q15989": "Uelzen (officially the Hanseatic Town of Uelzen, German: Hansestadt Uelzen, German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0294\u028fltsn\u0329], Low German \u00dclz\u2019n) is a town in northeast Lower Saxony, Germany, and capital of the county of Uelzen. It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region, a Hanseatic town and an independent municipality.\nUelzen is characterised by timber-framed architecture and also has some striking examples of North German brick Gothic. The county town earned pan-regional fame when Friedensreich Hundertwasser was selected to redesign the station: the final work of the celebrated Viennese artist and architect was ceremonially opened in 2000 as the Hundertwasser Station, Uelzen, and has since been a popular tourist magnet.\nThe Polabian name for Uelzen is Wilcaus (spelled Wiltzaus in older German reference material), possibly derived from wilca or wilsa (< Slavic *ol\u0103\u0161a) 'alder'.", "Q203165": "Alma Lucy Reville, Lady Hitchcock (14 August 1899 \u2013 6 July 1982), was an English screenwriter and editor, writer of many of Alfred Hitchcock's scripts, including Shadow of a Doubt, Suspicion and The Lady Vanishes, as well as scripts for other directors, including Henrik Galeen, Maurice Elvey and Berthold Viertel. Reville's filmography is extensive with writing credits on many films that were among the biggest of their time.", "Q328492": "Maks Bajc (7 October 1919, in Ljubljana \u2013 25 September 1983) was a Slovenian actor who acted in Yugoslavian movies during 1955\u20131983.", "Q1171": "Goa ( (listen)) is a state on the southwestern coast of India within the region known as the Konkan, and geographically separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats. It is surrounded by the Indian states of Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the east and south, with the Arabian Sea forming its western coast. It is India's smallest state by area and the fourth-smallest by population. Goa has the highest GDP per capita among all Indian states, two and a half times that of the country. It was ranked the best-placed state by the Eleventh Finance Commission for its infrastructure and ranked on top for the best quality of life in India by the National Commission on Population based on the 12 Indicators.Panaji is the state's capital, while Vasco da Gama is its largest city. The historic city of Margao still exhibits the cultural influence of the Portuguese, who first landed in the early 16th century as merchants and conquered it soon thereafter. Goa was a former state of the Portuguese Empire. The Portuguese overseas territory of Portuguese India existed for about 450 years until it was annexed by India in 1961.Goa is visited by large numbers of international and domestic tourists each year for its white sand beaches, nightlife, places of worship and World Heritage-listed architecture. It has rich flora and fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats range, a biodiversity hotspot.", "Q255323": "Gemma Christina Arterton (born 2 February 1986) is an English actress, activist and film producer. She made her stage debut playing Rosaline in Shakespeare's Love's Labour's Lost at the Globe Theatre (2007), and first appeared on film in the comedy St Trinian's (2007). Her breakthrough role was playing Bond Girl Strawberry Fields in the James Bond film Quantum of Solace in the following year, a performance which won her an Empire Award for Best Newcomer.\nArterton has since gone on to appear in a number of blockbuster films, including Clash of the Titans (2010), Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time (2010) and Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters (2013) as well as several smaller, art house pictures such as The Disappearance of Alice Creed (2009), Tamara Drewe (2010), The Escape (2017) and Vita and Virginia (2018). She was awarded the Harper's Bazaar Woman of the Year Award for her work both acting in and producing The Escape. Arterton's theatrical highlights have included starring in The Duchess of Malfi (2014), Made in Dagenham (2014), Nell Gwynn (2016) and Saint Joan (2017). She was nominated for Olivier Awards for her work on both Nell Gwynn and Made in Dagenham, and she won the Evening Standard Theatre Award for the latter.\nSince 2016 Arterton has run her own production company, Rebel Park Productions, which focuses on creating female-led content both in front of, and behind the camera. She has executive produced four feature films and two short films. Arterton is also on record as being a prominent supporter of the Time'sUp, ERA 50:50 and MeToo movements. Arterton played an integral role in persuading actresses to wear black at the 2018 Baftas in support of Time'sUp, and has been involved with ERA 50:50, an equal pay campaign in the UK, since its inception.", "Q835577": "Jan Nowak-Jeziora\u0144ski (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8jan \u02c8n\u0254vak j\u025b\u0291\u0254\u02c8ra\u0272sk\u02b2i]; 2 October 1914 \u2013 20 January 2005) was a Polish journalist, writer, politician, social worker and patriot. He served during the Second World War as one of the most notable resistance fighters of the Home Army. He is best remembered for his work as an emissary shuttling between the commanders of the Home Army and the Polish Government in Exile in London and other Allied governments which gained him the nickname \"Courier from Warsaw\", and for his participation in the Warsaw Uprising. After the war he worked as the head of the Polish section of Radio Free Europe, and later as a security advisor to the US presidents Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter. In 1996, President Bill Clinton awarded him with America's highest civilian award the Presidential Medal of Freedom.He was born Zdzis\u0142aw Antoni Jeziora\u0144ski, (Jeziora Coat of Arms) in Berlin, but used a number of noms de guerre during the war, the best known of which was Jan Nowak which he later added to his original surname.\n\n", "Q108936": "Theodor Wonja Michael (15 January 1925 \u2013 19 October 2019) was a mixed-race German journalist and actor as well as a prominent speaker on living as a prisoner in Nazi forced labor camps during World War II.", "Q977036": "Sir Frederick Charles Frank, OBE, FRS (6 March 1911 \u2013 5 April 1998), known as Sir Charles Frank, was a British theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on crystal dislocations, including (with Thornton Read) the idea of the Frank\u2013Read source of dislocations. He also proposed the cyclol reaction in the mid-1930s, and made many other contributions to solid-state physics, geophysics, and the theory of liquid crystals.", "Q122675": "Werner Blankenburg (19 June 1905 \u2013 28 November 1957) was head of the Section IIa in Hitler's Chancellery (Kanzlei des F\u00fchrers) in Nazi Germany, and thus one of the main responsible persons for the National Socialist \"Euthanasia\"-program Action T4, the annihilation of the Polish Jews in the \"Aktion Reinhard\", and the experiments with castration by X-Rays in KZ Auschwitz-Birkenau.", "Q895919": "Torahiko Terada (\u5bfa\u7530 \u5bc5\u5f66, Terada Torahiko, November 28, 1878 \u2013 December 31, 1935) was a Japanese physicist and author who was born in Tokyo. He was a professor at Tokyo Imperial University, a researcher at RIKEN, and worked on a wide range of topics in physics. Also, he was a professor at the Earthquake Research Institute.\nAs an author, he studied under Natsume S\u014dseki, who was a teacher at his high school in Kumamoto. His pseudonym for his literature related work was Fuyuhiko Yoshimura.\nHe is best known for his numerous essays on a wide variety of topics ranging from science to cinema, from haiku to manga.", "Q354997": "Theodosius (Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2; August 4, 583/585 \u2013 after November 27, 602) was the eldest son of Byzantine Emperor Maurice (r. 582\u2013602) and was co-emperor from 590 until his deposition and execution during a military revolt in November 602. Along with his father-in-law Germanus, he was briefly proposed as successor to Maurice by the troops, but the army eventually favoured Phocas instead. Sent in an abortive mission to secure aid from Sassanid Persia by his father, Theodosius was captured and executed by Phocas's supporters a few days after Maurice. Nevertheless, rumours spread that he had survived the execution, and became popular to the extent that a man who purported to be Theodosius was entertained by the Persians as a pretext for launching a war against Byzantium.", "Q594056": "The Nationalist Party (Maltese: Partit Nazzjonalista, PN) is a Christian-democratic, conservative political party in Malta. It is one of two major contemporary political parties in Malta, along with the governing Labour Party. The Nationalist Party is currently in opposition to the Labour Party.", "Q402020": "Ahmet \u015e\u0131k (IPA: [ahmet \u0283\u026fk]; born 1970, Adana) is a Turkish investigative journalist, the author of several books, a trade unionist, and member of Parliament in Turkey. His book, The Imam's Army, investigating the controversial G\u00fclen movement of the Islamic preacher Fethullah G\u00fclen, led to his detention for a year in 2011\u20132012 and the book's being seized and banned. He remains under indictment in the OdaTV case of the Ergenekon trials; his cause has been taken up by English PEN, an association of writers fighting for freedom of expression. In 2016, the prosecutor in this case requested \u015e\u0131k's acquittal. On 29 December 2016, \u015e\u0131k was taken into custody once again on charges of \"propaganda of terrorist organisations\", with reference to 11 tweets that he had published. The following day, an Istanbul judge ordered Ahmet's arrest. According to lawyers, \u015e\u0131k was denied access to legal advice, held in solitary confinement, and not given drinking water for three days.\n\n", "Q709873": "Joseph Rudolph \"Philly Joe\" Jones (July 15, 1923 \u2013 August 30, 1985) was an American jazz drummer, known as the drummer for the first \"Great\" Miles Davis Quintet. He should not be confused with \"Papa\" Jo Jones, another drummer who had a long tenure with Count Basie. The two men died only a few days apart.", "Q726890": "Don Jaime de Marichalar y S\u00e1enz de Tejada, Lord of the Manor of Tejada (born 7 April 1963) is the former husband of the Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo, the eldest daughter of King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia of Spain.", "Q285472": "Kosheen were a British electronic music group based in Bristol, United Kingdom. The group consisted of singer-songwriter Sian Evans, songwriter-producer Markee Ledge and producer-songwriter Darren Decoder. The name Kosheen derives from the name of a North American Apache warrior, Cochise. When in Japan, it was discovered that a combination of the Japanese words for \"old\" (\u53e4, romanized transliteration \"ko\") and \"new\" (\u65b0, \"shin\") would make \"Kosheen\" in Japanese.", "Q217110": "Orson Scott Card (born August 24, 1951) is an American novelist, critic, public speaker, essayist, and columnist. He writes in several genres but is known best for his science fiction works. His novel Ender's Game (1985) and its sequel Speaker for the Dead (1986) have won both Hugo and Nebula Awards, making Card the first author to win the two top American prizes in science fiction literature in consecutive years. A feature film adaptation of Ender's Game, which Card co-produced, was released in 2013. Card also wrote the Locus Fantasy Award-winning series The Tales of Alvin Maker (1987\u20132003).\nCard, who is a great-great-grandson of Brigham Young, was born in Richland, Washington, and grew up in Utah and California. While he was a student at Brigham Young University (BYU), his plays were performed on stage. He served in Brazil as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and headed a community theater for two summers. Card had twenty-seven short stories published between 1978 and 1979, and won the John W. Campbell Award for best new writer in 1978. He earned a master's degree in English from the University of Utah in 1981 and wrote novels in science fiction, fantasy, non-fiction, and historical fiction genres in the 1980s. Card continued to write prolifically, and published over 50 novels and over 45 short stories.Card's works were influenced by classic literature, popular fantasy, and science fiction; he often uses tropes from genre fiction. His background as a screenwriter helped Card make his works accessible and character-focused, though some critics dislike his characterization. Card's early fiction is original but contains graphic violence. His fiction often features characters with exceptional gifts who make difficult choices, often with the fate of an entire people at stake. Card has also written political, religious, and social commentary in his columns and other writing. Card's opposition to homosexuality has provoked public criticism and in 2013 it prompted a boycott of the film Ender's Game.\nCard is a professor of English at Southern Virginia University; he has written two books on creative writing and serves as a judge in the Writers of the Future contest. He is a practicing member of LDS Church and has taught many successful writers at his \"literary boot camps\"; LDS fiction writers Stephenie Meyer, Brandon Sanderson, and Dave Wolverton have cited his works as a major influence.", "Q528811": "Ruth Bondy (June 19, 1923 \u2013 November 14, 2017) was a Czech-Israeli journalist and translator. Bondy was a Holocaust survivor who wrote for the Israeli newspaper Davar and translated books written in Czech to Hebrew. She was awarded the Sokolov Award in 1987 and the Tchernichovsky Prize in 2014.", "Q188850": "Mamma Mia! (promoted as Mamma Mia! The Movie) is a 2008 jukebox musical romantic comedy film directed by Phyllida Lloyd and written by Catherine Johnson based on the 1999 musical of the same name, also written by Johnson, which itself is based on the songs of pop group ABBA, including the title song, with additional music composed by ABBA member Benny Andersson. The film features an ensemble cast, including Christine Baranski, Pierce Brosnan, Dominic Cooper, Colin Firth, Amanda Seyfried, Stellan Skarsg\u00e5rd, Meryl Streep and Julie Walters. The plot follows a young bride-to-be who invites three men to her upcoming wedding, each one with the possibility of being her father. The film was an international co-production between Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and was co-produced by Relativity Media, Playtone and Littlestar Productions.\nPrincipal photography primarily took place on the island of Skopelos, Greece from August to September 2007. The film was distributed by Universal Pictures. Mamma Mia! held its world premiere on June 30, 2008 at Leicester Square in London and premiered on July 4, 2008 in Stockholm, Sweden, with Andersson, Bj\u00f6rn Ulvaeus, Anni-Frid Lyngstad and Agnetha F\u00e4ltskog in attendance. The film was released theatrically on July 10 in the United Kingdom, on July 17 in Germany and on July 18 in the United States. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the musical numbers and production values, but criticized the plot and casting of inexperienced singers, in particular Brosnan and Skarsg\u00e5rd. Nonetheless, the film was popular with audiences and grossed $615 million worldwide on a $52 million budget, becoming the fifth highest-grossing film of 2008. A sequel, titled Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again, was released on July 20, 2018 with most of the main cast returning.", "Q20932": "Incheon International Airport (IIA) (Korean: \uc778\ucc9c\uad6d\uc81c\uacf5\ud56d) (IATA: ICN, ICAO: RKSI) (sometimes referred to as Seoul\u2013Incheon International Airport) is the largest airport in South Korea, the primary airport serving the Seoul Capital Area, and one of the largest and busiest airports in the world. Since 2005, it has been rated the best airport worldwide by Airports Council International every year. It is also rated as the world's cleanest airport and the world's best international transit airport by Skytrax.The airport has a golf course, spa, private sleeping rooms, an ice skating rink, a casino, indoor gardens, video game center and a Museum of Korean Culture. Airport authorities claim that average departure and arrival takes 19 minutes and 12 minutes, respectively, as compared to worldwide average of 60 minutes and 45 minutes, respectively, ranking it among the fastest airports in the world for customs processing. Its duty-free shopping mall has been rated the world's best for three years in a row in 2013 by Business Traveller. Incheon International Airport also claims that it has only a 0.0001% baggage mishandling rate.The airport opened for business on March 29, 2001 to replace the older Gimpo International Airport, which now serves mostly domestic destinations and shuttle flights to several East Asian metropolitan areas including Tokyo, Osaka, Beijing, Shanghai, and Taipei.\nIncheon International Airport is located west of Incheon's city center, on an artificially created piece of land between Yeongjong and Yongyu Islands. The two islands were originally separated by shallow sea. That area between the two islands was reclaimed for the construction project, effectively connecting the once separate Yeongjong and Yongyu islands. The reclaimed area as well as the two islands are all part of Jung-gu, an administrative district of Incheon.\nThe airport holds a record of being ranked the Best Airport Worldwide for 11 consecutive years by the Airports Council International (ACI)'s Airport Service Quality Award from 2005 to 2016, and has also been rated the world's best among airports of its size (25\u201340 million passengers) and region (Asia-Pacific) since 2012 due to the institution's decision to discontinue the Best Airport Worldwide category.Incheon International Airport's terminal has 111 boarding gates altogether, with 44 in Terminal 1, 30 in Concourse A (connected to terminal 1), and 37 in Terminal 2.\nThe airport was constructed to share the demand for air transport in the 21st century and to serve as a hub airport in Northeast Asia.", "Q248414": "Gary Jones (born 4 January 1958) is a British-born Canadian actor, who has worked on television and on stage both in his native United Kingdom and Canada. He is known for his recurring role as CMSgt. Walter Harriman in Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis. He has also made guest appearances on such shows as Sliders, Cold Squad, The Outer Limits, Andromeda and Dead Like Me.\nGary Jones was a member of the improv group \"Mission Improvable\", which had a CBC comedy special, before his role on Stargate SG-1. He joined Toronto's Second City Improv Company in the mid-1980s.\nIn 1986 with Second City he went to Vancouver for Expo 86, where they performed for six months at the Expo's Flying Club. After the Expo was finished, Jones stayed in Vancouver, and started his acting career with guest appearances in TV shows such as Wiseguy, Airwolf and Dangerbay. He was also a player of the Vancouver TheatreSports League.\nGary Jones is known not only for acting on screen and stage but also for hosting events, including several Leo Awards galas and the BCSS Emerald Eve gala.", "Q68792": "Aranno is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in southern Switzerland. Bordering municipalities are Cademario, Iseo, Alto Malcantone, Miglieglia and Novaggio.\nIn Aranno you can find the \"Maglio\", the last power hammer of Switzerland. It stopped its activities in 1952.", "Q36188": "The University of Fribourg (French: Universit\u00e9 de Fribourg; German: Universit\u00e4t Freiburg) is a university in the city of Fribourg, Switzerland.The roots of the university can be traced back to 1580, when the notable Jesuit Peter Canisius founded the Coll\u00e8ge Saint-Michel in the City of Fribourg. In 1763, an Academy of law was founded by the state of Fribourg which formed the nucleus of the present Law Faculty. The University of Fribourg was finally created in 1889 by an Act of the parliament of the Swiss Canton of Fribourg.The University of Fribourg is Switzerland's only bilingual university and offers full curricula in both French and German, two of Switzerland's national languages. Students number about 10,000; there are about 200 tenured professors and 700 other academic teaching and research personnel. The Misericorde Campus, constructed between 1939\u201342, was designed by the architects Honegger and Dumas, students of Swiss architect Le Corbusier.There are five faculties: Catholic theology, law, natural sciences, humanities, and economics & social sciences.", "Q3766": "Damascus (; Arabic: \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u200e, romanized: Dima\u0161q [di\u02c8ma\u0283q], Syrian Arabic: [d\u026a\u02c8ma\u0283\u0294], French: Damas) is the capital of Syria; it is also the country's largest city, following the decline in population of Aleppo due to the battle for the city. It is colloquially known in Syria as a\u0161-\u0160\u0101m (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645) and titled the \"City of Jasmine\" (\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 Mad\u012bnat al-Y\u0101sm\u012bn). Damascus is a major cultural center of the Levant and the Arab world. The city has an estimated population of 1,711,000 as of 2009.Located in south-western Syria, Damascus is the center of a large metropolitan area of 2.7 million people (2004). Geographically embedded on the eastern foothills of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range 80 kilometres (50 mi) inland from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean on a plateau 680 metres (2,230 ft) above sea level, Damascus experiences a semi-arid climate because of the rain shadow effect. The Barada River flows through Damascus.\nFirst settled in the second millennium BC, it was chosen as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 750. After the victory of the Abbasid dynasty, the seat of Islamic power was moved to Baghdad. Damascus saw a political decline throughout the Abbasid era, only to regain significant importance in the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods. Today, it is the seat of the central government and all of the government ministries. As of September 2019, 8 years since the start of the Syrian Civil War, Damascus has been named the world's least livable city by the Economist Intelligence Unit.", "Q234939": "Luisana Loreley Lopilato (Spanish pronunciation: [lwi\u02c8sana lopi\u02c8lato]; born 18 May 1987) is an Argentine actress and model. She has appeared in the television series Chiquititas, Rebelde Way, Alma Pirata, Casados con Hijos and Atracci\u00f3n x4.", "Q64180": "Carl Theodor Georg Philipp Welcker (29 March 1790, in Oberofleiden \u2013 10 March 1869, in Neuenheim bei Heidelberg) was a German law professor, politician and journalist.", "Q1689286": "James Lloyd Logsdon (April 1, 1922 \u2013 October 7, 2001) was an American country and rockabilly singer, songwriter and radio DJ. He performed country music as Jimmie (or Jimmy) Logsdon, and rockabilly music, including his best-known song \"I Got a Rocket in My Pocket,\" as Jimmy Lloyd.", "Q90767": "Sabine L\u00f6sing (born 30 November 1955) is a German politician and Member of the European Parliament from Germany. She is a member of The Left, part of the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left. In February 2013, she was elected as chairwoman of the Die Linke state association in Lower Saxony.", "Q244206": "Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (; Arabic: \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e Su'\u016bd ibn 'Abd al-'Az\u012bz \u0100l Su'\u016bd; 15 January 1902 \u2013 23 February 1969) was King of Saudi Arabia from 1953 to 1964. After a period of internal tension in Saudi Arabia, he was forced from the throne and replaced by his brother Faisal.", "Q446892": "Michelle Justine Lang (31 January 1975 \u2013 30 December 2009) was a Canadian journalist. Lang was a Calgary Herald reporter and the first Canadian journalist to die in the War in Afghanistan.", "Q299073": "Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (Urdu/Punjabi: \u0646\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646), born Pervez Fateh Ali Khan (13 October 1948 \u2013 16 August 1997), was a Pakistani vocalist, musician and music director primarily a singer of Qawwali, a form of Sufi Islamic devotional music. Widely considered one of the greatest voices ever recorded, he possessed an extraordinary range of vocal abilities and could perform at a high level of intensity for several hours He belonged to the Patiala gharana extending the 600-year old Qawwali tradition of his family, Khan is widely credited with introducing Qawwali music to international audiences. He is popularly known as \"Shehnshah-e-Qawwali\", meaning \"The King of Kings of Qawwali\".Born in Faisalabad, Khan had his first public performance at the age of 15, at his father's chelum. He became the head of the family qawwali party in 1971. He was signed by Oriental Star Agencies, Birmingham, England in the early 1980s. Khan went on to release movie scores and albums in Europe, India, Japan, Pakistan and the U.S. He engaged in collaborations and experiments with Western artists, becoming a well-known world music artist. He toured extensively, performing in over 40 countries. In addition to popularising Qawwali music, he also had a big impact on contemporary South Asian popular music, including Pakistani pop, Indi-pop and Bollywood music.", "Q86105": "Howard Carpendale (born 14 January 1946 in Durban, South Africa) is a South African and German singer living and working in Germany.\n\n", "Q694978": "Arnold Charles Brackman (March 6, 1923 \u2013 November 21, 1983) was an American journalist and author.\nBrackman was born in New York City and received his journalism degree from New York University. He became a correspondent for the news agency United Press International and reported on topics of Asia. He was later employed by The Christian Science Monitor and The New York Times. Brackman lived in Brookfield Center, Connecticut, prior to his death.Brackman established his reputation as a journalist and author from his writings on Asian countries, primarily those in Southeast Asia, and on archaeology. He was a reporter at the Tokyo military tribunals in which Imperial Japanese leaders were tried for crimes committed during World War II. He was quoted calling the 1858 joint presentation of Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin to the Linnean Society of London \"one of the great watersheds in the history of Western civilization\".He was married to Agnes Brackman, and the couple had one daughter.In 1969, Brackman published The Communist Collapse in Indonesia, a description of the events leading up to and following the 1965 coup in Indonesia. Throughout the 1970s, he was an adjunct professor of journalism at Western Connecticut State University. There is a scholarship, an award, and a laboratory named in his honor.", "Q1159": "Andhra Pradesh () (pronunciation ) is one of the 28 states of India, situated in the south-eastern part of the country. It is the eight-largest state in India, covering an area of 162,975 km2 (62,925 sq mi). As per the 2011 census, it is the tenth-most populous state, with 49,386,799 inhabitants. Amaravati is the capital city of Andhra Pradesh which is located on the southern bank of Krishna river. The largest city is Visakhapatnam. Telugu, one of the classical languages of India, is the major and official language of Andhra Pradesh.The north-western portion of Andhra Pradesh was separated to form the new state of Telangana on 2 June 2014, and Hyderabad, the longtime capital of Andhra Pradesh, was transferred to Telangana as part of the division. However, in accordance with the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, Hyderabad was to remain the acting capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states for a period of time not exceeding ten years.Andhra Pradesh has a coastline of 974 km (605 mi) \u2013 the second-longest coastline among the states of India, after Gujarat \u2013 with jurisdiction over almost 15,000 km2 of territorial waters. The state is bordered by Telangana in the north-west, Chhattisgarh and Odisha in the north-east, Karnataka in the west, Tamil Nadu in the south, and to the east lies the Bay of Bengal. The small enclave of Yanam, a district of Puducherry, lies to the south of Kakinada in the Godavari delta on the eastern side of the state.The state is made up of the two major regions of Rayalaseema, in the inland southwestern part of the state, and Coastal Andhra to the east and northeast, bordering the Bay of Bengal. The state comprises thirteen districts in total, nine of which are located in Coastal Andhra and four in Rayalaseema. The largest city and commercial hub of the state are Visakhapatnam, located on the Bay of Bengal, with a GDP of US$43.5 billion; the second largest city in the state is Vijayawada, located on the banks of the Krishna River, which has a GDP of US billion (as of 2010). The economy of Andhra Pradesh is the seventh-largest state economy in India with \u20b99.33 lakh crore (US$130 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of \u20b9164,000 (US$2,300). Andhra Pradesh ranks 27th among Indian states in human development index.Andhra Pradesh hosted 121.8 million visitors in 2015, a 30% growth in tourist arrivals over the previous year, making it the third most-visited state in India. The Tirumala Venkateswara Temple in Tirupati is one of the world's most visited religious sites, with 18.25 million visitors per year. Other pilgrimage centres in the state include the Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga at Srisailam, the Srikalahasteeswara temple at Srikalahasti, the Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam at Visakhapatnam, the Ameen Peer Dargah in Kadapa, the Mahachaitya at Amaravathi, the Kanaka Durga Temple in Vijayawada, and Prasanthi Nilayam in Puttaparthi. The state's natural attractions include the beaches of Visakhapatnam, hill stations such as the Araku Valley and Horsley Hills, and the island of Konaseema in the Godavari River delta.", "Q63837": "Hans Hellmut Kirst (5 December 1914 \u2013 13 February 1989) was a German novelist and the author of 46 books, many of which were translated into English. Kirst is best remembered as the creator of the \"Gunner Asch\" series which detailed the ongoing struggle of an honest individual to maintain his identity and humanity amidst the criminality and corruption of Nazi Germany.", "Q392654": "Transsylvania Phoenix (also known as Phoenix in Romania) is a Romanian rock band formed in 1962 in Timi\u0219oara by guitarists Nicu Covaci and Kamocsa B\u00e9la. Guitarist Claudiu Rotaru, vocalist Florin \"Moni\" Bordeianu and drummer Ioan \"Pilu\" \u0218tefanovici completed the early lineup. The group became famous in Romania in the 1970s when it started fusing their 1960s rock and roll sound with traditional folk music, thus pioneering the \"ethno rock\" subgenre.\nAfter gaining popularity in Romania during the so-called British invasion in the mid-60s, Phoenix were banned from performing and recording in 1970 when, on his last concert as a group member before emigrating to the United States, vocalist Florin \"Moni\" Bordeianu made derogatory remarks about Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu's regime and its approach to western music. The group would become even more well known amongst Romanians in 1977 when they illegally fled to West Germany, exposing themselves to risks such as being arrested by Ceau\u0219escu's Securitate. They have been estimated to have sold over 2 million albums in Romania.", "Q204622": "The 19th arrondissement of Paris (XIXe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as dix-neuvi\u00e8me.\nThe arrondissement, known as Butte-Chaumont, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine. It is crossed by two canals, the Canal Saint-Denis and the Canal de l'Ourcq, which meet near the Parc de la Villette.\nThe 19th arrondissement includes two public parks: the Parc des Buttes Chaumont, located on a hill, and the Parc de la Villette, which is home to the Cit\u00e9 des Sciences et de l'Industrie, a museum and exhibition centre, the Conservatoire de Paris, one of the most renowned music schools in Europe, and the Philharmonie de Paris, both part of the Cit\u00e9 de la Musique.", "Q91479": "Bas Kast is a German science writer. He studied psychology and biology at the University of Konstanz and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Working as a freelancer first for the German weekly newspaper Die Zeit and other magazines, he later became an editor and reporter for the Berlin-based newspaper Der Tagesspiegel. His articles have earned him a number of national and international prizes. Kast has written several popular science books, some of which became best selling books that have been translated in numerous languages.\n\n", "Q2864737": "Religious art or sacred art is artistic imagery using religious inspiration and motifs and is often intended to uplift the mind to the spiritual. Sacred art involves the ritual and cultic practices and practical and operative aspects of the path of the spiritual realization within the artist's religious tradition.\n\n", "Q334093": "Neurosis is an American avant-garde metal band from Oakland, California, United States. It was formed in 1985 by guitarist Scott Kelly, bassist Dave Edwardson, and drummer Jason Roeder, initially as a hardcore punk band. Chad Salter joined as a second guitarist and appeared on the band's 1987 debut Pain of Mind before being replaced by Steve Von Till in 1989. The following year, the lineup further expanded to include a keyboardist and a visual artist. Beginning with their third album Souls at Zero (1992), Neurosis developed a unique musical style crucial to the emergence of the post-metal and sludge metal genres.\nThe band's lineup stabilized in 1995 with the addition of Noah Landis, who replaced Simon McIlroy on keyboards and electronics. That same year they formed the experimental music group Tribes of Neurot and in 1999 the record label Neurot Recordings. As of 2019, they have released 11 studio albums, garnering critical recognition. The BBC credited them with taking \"heavy music to previously unimaginable spaces ... [and shaping] metal's definitive response to the 21st century.\"", "Q256602": "Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes bone and joint infections, intra abdominal infections, certain type of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, typhoid fever, and urinary tract infections, among others. For some infections it is used in addition to other antibiotics. It can be taken by mouth, as eye drops, as ear drops, or intravenously.Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and rash. Severe side effects include an increased risk of tendon rupture, hallucinations, and nerve damage. In people with myasthenia gravis, there is worsening muscle weakness. Rates of side effects appear to be higher than some groups of antibiotics such as cephalosporins but lower than others such as clindamycin. Studies in other animals raise concerns regarding use in pregnancy. No problems were identified, however, in the children of a small number of women who took the medication. It appears to be safe during breastfeeding. It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of activity that usually results in the death of the bacteria.Ciprofloxacin was patented in 1980 and introduced in 1987. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication and is not very expensive. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between US$0.03 and US$0.13 a dose. In the United States it is sold for about US$0.40 per dose. In 2017, it was the 107th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than six million prescriptions.", "Q314343": "James Christian Shaffer (born June 6, 1970), also known by his stage name \"Munky\", is an American musician best known as co-founder and guitarist of the nu metal band Korn.\nShaffer set up the side-project band Fear and the Nervous System in 2008 and is also the founder of Emotional Syphon Recordings, who have signed acts like Monster in the Machine and Droid.\nShaffer was ranked at No. 26 of Guitar World's 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Guitarists of All Time. Shaffer's work with Korn has resulted in over 35 million albums sold.", "Q672543": "Caliban are a German metalcore band from Essen. They have released eleven studio albums to-date, and two split albums with Heaven Shall Burn.", "Q201982": "Clichy (French pronunciation: \u200b[kli.\u0283i], sometimes unofficially Clichy-la-Garenne) is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located on the Seine, 6.4 km (4.0 mi) from the centre of Paris. In 2017, it had a population of 61,070.\nLocated in Clichy are the headquarters of the L'Or\u00e9al Group, the world's largest company in cosmetics and beauty, Bic, one of the biggest pen producers in the world, as well as Sony France, a large electronics and media company.", "Q77842": "Ingo Rechenberg (born November 20, 1934) is a German researcher and professor currently in the field of bionics. Rechenberg is a pioneer of the fields of evolutionary computation and artificial evolution. In the 1960s and 1970s he invented a highly influential set of optimization methods known as evolution strategies (from German Evolutionsstrategie). His group successfully applied the new algorithms to challenging problems such as aerodynamic wing design. These were the first serious technical applications of artificial evolution, an important subset of the still growing field of bionics.\nRechenberg was born in Berlin. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin and at the University of Cambridge. Since 1972 he has been a full professor at the Technical University of Berlin, where he is heading the Department of Bionics and Evolution Techniques.\nHis awards include the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Evolutionary Programming Society (US, 1995) and the Evolutionary Computation Pioneer Award of the IEEE Neural Networks Society (US, 2002). In 1954, Rechenberg also became world champion in the field of model aeroplanes.The Moroccan flic-flac spider, Cebrennus rechenbergi, was named in his honor, as he first collected specimens in the Moroccan desert.", "Q231841": "Meggin Patricia Cabot (born February 1, 1967) is an American author of romantic and paranormal fiction for teenagers and adults. She has written and published over fifty books and is best known for Princess Diaries, which was later adapted by Walt Disney Pictures into two feature films. Cabot's books have been the recipients of numerous awards, including the New York Public Library Books for the Teen Age, the American Library Association Quick Pick for Reluctant Readers, the Tennessee Volunteer State TASL Book Award, the Book Sense Pick, the Evergreen Young Adult Book Award, the IRA/CBC Young Adult Choice, and many others. She has also had numerous number one New York Times bestsellers, and more than 25 million copies of her books are in print worldwide.", "Q59567": "Tell No One (French: Ne le dis \u00e0 personne) is a 2006 French thriller film directed by Guillaume Canet and based on the novel of the same name by Harlan Coben. Written by Canet and Philippe Lefebvre and starring Fran\u00e7ois Cluzet, the film won four categories at the 2007 C\u00e9sar Awards in France: Best Director (Guillaume Canet), Best Actor (Fran\u00e7ois Cluzet), Best Editing and Best Music Written for a Film.", "Q380250": "Innokenty Mikhaylovich Smoktunovsky (Russian: \u0418\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; born Smoktunovich, 28 March 1925 \u2013 3 August 1994) was a Soviet actor acclaimed as the \"king of Soviet actors\". He was named People's Artist of the USSR in 1974 and the Hero of Socialist Labour in 1990.", "Q133750": "Bai Yansong (Chinese: \u767d\u5ca9\u677e; pinyin: B\u00e1i Y\u00e1ns\u014dng) (born August 20, 1968) is a Chinese news commentator, anchor and journalist for China Central Television (CCTV). He has become one of the most recognizable figures in China, serving as the lead anchor on stories such as the Sydney Olympics and the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Bai worked in the newspaper industry before moving to televised news and eventually became an anchor for Focus Report and Oriental Horizon, where he had a reputation as a politically incisive journalist. During his time with CCTV, Bai has been involved in the establishment of several news commentary programs including Timeline and News 1 + 1, the first live news commentary program in China. He has also been the anchor on several more news programs and was a host on the talk show Tell It Like It Is.\nBorn in Inner Mongolia, he lived on a university campus with his parents who were both professors and graduated from the Beijing Broadcasting Institute before beginning his career in journalism. Bai has extensively covered diplomatic ties between China and Japan during his tenure at CCTV and is part of a political consultancy group that advises the two countries on Sino-Japanese relations. He works to promote political reform through his position in the media, and critical reports on his programs have been suppressed by government censors at least once. As a humanitarian, Bai has been involved in supporting disaster relief efforts following the Sichuan earthquake and promoting efforts against HIV/AIDS.", "Q2534589": "The Istituto Europeo di Design (IED) is a private design school in Italy founded in 1966 by Francesco Morelli.The school is organized into four disciplines: Design, Fashion, Visual Communication and Management.It is spread over nine cities\u2014Milan, Turin, Venice, Cagliari, Florence, Rome, Barcelona, Madrid and S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014and thirteen locations which occupy more than 50,000 square meters of space. It offers 29 different courses of three-year duration, in several languages: English, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. These courses are attended by about 10,000 students every year, totaling to more than 90,000 students, for the Institute's forty-year history.", "Q113480": "Vladimir Germanovich Bogoraz (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0413\u0435\u0301\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0437), who was born Natan Mendelevich Bogoraz (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043d \u041c\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0437) and used the literary pseudonym N. A. Tan (Russian: \u041d. \u0410. \u0422\u0430\u043d) (April 27 [O.S. April 15] 1865 \u2014 May 10, 1936), was a Russian revolutionary, writer and anthropologist, especially known for his studies of the Chukchi people in Siberia.", "Q526814": "Artesia is a city in southeast Los Angeles County, California. Artesia was incorporated on May 29, 1959 and is one of Los Angeles County's Gateway Cities. The city has a 2010 census population of 16,522. Artesia is surrounded on the west, south, and east sides by Cerritos, with Norwalk to the north. Artesia is the home of the East West Ice Palace, an ice rink which is co-owned by Michelle Kwan. It was also the childhood home of former First Lady Pat Nixon, who lived there from 1914 to 1931, though the property on which she grew up is now part of neighboring Cerritos.", "Q162279": "Kuopio (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8kuo\u032fpio]) is a Finnish city and municipality located in the region of Northern Savonia (Pohjois-Savo). It has a population of 118,667, which makes it the ninth-most populous city in Finland and the most populous city in Eastern Finland Province. Kuopio has a total area of 4,326.35 square kilometres (1,670.41 sq mi), of which 719.85 km2 (277.94 sq mi) is water and half is forest. Though the city's population is a spread-out 74/km2 (190/sq mi), the city's urban areas are populated comparably densely (urban area: 1,618 /km\u00b2), making Kuopio Finland's second-most densely populated city.\nSince 1969 Kuopio has grown extensively through municipality mergers. Kuopio's population surpassed 100,000 when the town of Nilsi\u00e4 joined the city at the beginning of 2013.", "Q560841": "Brain was a Hamburg-based record label prominent in the 1970s releasing several important Krautrock records by bands such as Neu!, Cluster and Guru Guru. Many of its more prominent records are currently being reissued on CD by Repertoire Records.\nIn the middle of 1971, Rolf-Ulrich Kaiser's management style at Ohr caused two of his A&R men, Bruno Wendel and G\u00fcnter K\u00f6rber, to leave Ohr and set up their own record company, which they called Brain. Wendel & Korber brought Guru Guru with them from Ohr, and immediately signed Cluster, who had recorded one LP for Philips; they soon recorded and released Cluster II.\nBrain was rapidly a success throughout West Germany and much of western Europe, although had little presence in the US. Signings throughout the seventies and into the eighties included Neu!, Cluster, Harmonia, Klaus Schulze, Edgar Froese, Guru Guru, Grobschnitt, Novalis, Jane, Birth Control, Embryo, Popol Vuh, Curly Curve, Scorpions, Electric Sun, Accept and many more.\nA later reissue series called Rock On Brain saw many early Brain recordings reissued, although mostly with entirely different sleeves and even album titles. Brain also reissued a number of recordings licensed to their parent company Metronome, such as Amon D\u00fc\u00fcl's first album Psychedelic Underground. Many came out on the M2001 label which is closely linked to Brain.\nBrain licensed and issued a number of British releases for the West German market, in this case mainly featuring the original sleeves. These included Greenslade, Caravan, If, Spirogyra, Atomic Rooster, Alexis Korner, Gryphon and Steamhammer. There were of course exceptions - the Brain issue of Atomic Rooster's Nice n Greasy features an entirely different sleeve to the UK issue, and If's Double Diamond didn't receive a UK release at all.\nSome Brain releases later proved highly influential. Brain 1004 was Neu!'s eponymous debut Neu!; Brain 1062 was Neu! 75, which undoubtedly contributed to the sound of punk rock.\nK\u00f6rber left in 1976 to start Sky Records, which released lots of Cluster-related music plus Michael Rother's early solo work, and bands like Streetmark. When he left the labels of Brain LPs changed from green to orange.", "Q449": "Georges Charles Brassens (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292(\u0259) \u0283a\u0281l b\u0281as\u025b\u0303s]; 22 October 1921 \u2013 29 October 1981) was a French singer-songwriter and poet.\nHe wrote and sang, with his guitar, more than a hundred of his poems, as well as texts from many others such as Victor Hugo, Paul Verlaine, or Louis Aragon. In 1967, he received the Grand Prix de Po\u00e9sie of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.\nBetween 1952 and 1976, he recorded fourteen albums that include several popular French songs such as Les copains d'abord, Chanson pour l'Auvergnat, La mauvaise r\u00e9putation, and Mourir pour des id\u00e9es. Most of his texts are tinged with black humour and are often anarchist-minded.", "Q112946": "Robert Johann Sch\u00e4lzky (13 August 1882 \u2013 27 January 1948) was the 61st Grand Master of the Teutonic Order from 1936 to 1948.\nHe was born in Ry\u017eovi\u0161t\u011b (Brunt\u00e1l District), Moravia and died in Lana, South Tyrol.", "Q123225": "Albrecht von Haller (also known as Albertus de Haller; 16 October 1708 \u2013 12 December 1777) was a Swiss anatomist, physiologist, naturalist, encyclopedist, bibliographer and poet. A pupil of Herman Boerhaave, he is often referred to as \"the father of modern physiology.\"", "Q11165895": "Geheimrat was the title of the highest advising officials at the Imperial, royal or princely courts of the Holy Roman Empire, who jointly formed the Geheimer Rat reporting to the ruler. The term remained in use during subsequent monarchic reigns in German-speaking areas of Europe until the end of the First World War. At its origin the literal meaning of the word in German was 'trusted advisor'. The English-language equivalent is Privy Councillor.\nThe office contributing to the state's politics and legislation had its roots in the age of absolutism from the 17th century onward, when a governmental administration by a dependent bureaucracy was established similar to the French Conseil du Roi. A precursor was the Reichshofrat, a judicial body established by Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg. In Austria the professional title of Hofrat (Court Councillor) has remained in use as an official title for deserved civil servants up to today.\nWith the Empire's dissolution and the rise of Constitutionalism in the aftermath of the French Revolution, the office of a Geheimrat became an honorific title conferred by the German states upon high officials, accompanied by the address Exzellenz. During that period related titles no longer affiliated with an office arose, like Geheimer Kommerzienrat, an award for outstanding contributions in the field of commerce and industry, or Geheimer Medizinalrat, an award for outstanding contributions to medicine. The term is also used in combination with the word Ecke \u2013 Geheimratsecke, colloquially describing male pattern baldness at the 'edges' of the forehead (i.e. the upper 'corners' of the face).\nIn the Republic of Austria the title was officially abolished in 1919. In Germany, the title largely disappeared after the fall of the German Empire in 1918, when the various princely states of Germany were replaced by the constituent states of the Weimar Republic, although Geheimr\u00e4te continued to be appointed by the Free State of Bavaria. However, many honorees continued to use it, and the title Geheimrat, its abbreviation Geh. Rat and related abbreviations (Geh. Med.-Rat, Geh. Ober-Med.-Rat and even Geh. Hofrat) appear in captions until the 1930s, such as used by the German Federal Archives.", "Q16516": "Thursday is a 1998 American crime/thriller/black comedy film written and directed by Skip Woods and starring Thomas Jane, Aaron Eckhart, Paula Marshall, Michael Jeter and Mickey Rourke. It won the Special Jury Prize at the Cognac Festival.", "Q432875": "Jennifer Siebel Newsom (n\u00e9e Jennifer Lynn Siebel; born June 19, 1974) is an American documentary filmmaker and actress. She is the director, writer, and producer of the film Miss Representation, which premiered in the documentary competition at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival. The film examines how the media has underrepresented women in positions of power. Her second film, which she wrote, produced, and directed, was The Mask You Live In, which premiered at the 2015 Sundance Festival. It is an examination of American society's definition of masculinity.\nSiebel is married to Governor Gavin Newsom of California, making her the First Partner of California. She was previously the state\u2019s Second Lady from 2011 to 2019 and First Lady of San Francisco from 2008 to 2011.", "Q644797": "Bob Lenox (born in Brooklyn; died 2010) was a jazz and blues musician from America who lived his last years in Europe, ultimately settling in France. In the late 1960s he was the leader of Vanguard Records band called Train with Garland Jeffreys.As a pianist, singer and composer combining jazz, blues, folk and rock, he went on to work with Jimi Hendrix, Tina Turner, Joe Cocker, and others. He also composed for European films.", "Q1385887": "Calvin William Verity Jr. (January 26, 1917 \u2013 January 3, 2007) was a U.S. administrator and steel industrialist. He served as the Secretary of Commerce between 1987 and 1989, under President Ronald Reagan.\n\n", "Q92616": "Sidney K. Meier ( MIRE; born February 24, 1954) is a Canadian-American programmer, designer, and producer of several strategy video games and simulation video games, including the Civilization series. Meier co-founded MicroProse in 1982 with Bill Stealey and is the Director of Creative Development of Firaxis Games, which he co-founded with Jeff Briggs and Brian Reynolds in 1996. For his contributions to the video game industry, Meier was inducted into the Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences Hall of Fame.", "Q363875": "Robert Clicquot (1645\u20131719) was a French organ builder from Paris. His most notable organs are in the Chapel of the Palace of Versailles, the churches of Saint-Quentin and Saint-Louis des Invalides in Paris and Rouen Cathedral.\nClicquot's descendants continued in the family business. His son Louis-Alexandre built the organ of Rozay-en-Brie and in 1734 that of the Church of Saint-Jacques de Saint-Christopher Houdan which is the oldest organ in the \u00cele-de-France still in operation. Fran\u00e7ois-Henri Clicquot (1732\u20131790), Robert's grandson, built the monumental organ of Saint-Sulpice as well as those in Souvigny (1782) and in Poitiers Cathedral. His great-grandson Claude-Fran\u00e7ois Clicquot (1762 - 1801) saved many organs during the French Revolution.", "Q241418": "Laura Diane Leighton (born July 24, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for the role of Sydney Andrews on the television series Melrose Place (1993\u20131997) and its remake (2009\u20132010) and for Ashley Marin on Freeform's series Pretty Little Liars (2010\u20132017).", "Q236848": "Susan Mary Cooper (born 23 May 1935) is an English author of children's books. She is best known for The Dark Is Rising, a contemporary fantasy series set in England and Wales, which incorporates British mythology, such as the Arthurian legends, and Welsh folk heroes. \nFor that work, in 2012 she won the lifetime Margaret A. Edwards Award from the American Library Association, recognizing her contribution to writing for teens. In the 1970s two of the five novels were named the year's best English-language book with an \"authentic Welsh background\" by the Welsh Books Council.", "Q583264": "David Holmgren (born 1955) is an Australian environmental designer, ecological educator and writer. He is best known as one of the co-originators of the permaculture concept with Bill Mollison.\n\n", "Q3184394": "Joseph-Octave Villeneuve (4 March 1836 \u2013 27 June 1901) was a Canadian businessman, provincial politician, and senator.\nEntering business in Montreal, Villeneuve founded a firm of wholesale grocers and spirits merchants. As a businessman and local politician he acquired large commercial interests in Canada.He was mayor of Saint-Jean-Baptiste from 1866 to 1886 and warden of Hochelaga county from 1866 to 1880. From 1894 to 1896, he was the Mayor of Montreal. He was the Legislative Assembly of Quebec member for Hochelaga from 1886 to 1888 and from 1890 to 1896.\nIn 1896, he was appointed to the Canadian Senate representing the senatorial division of De Salaberry, Quebec. A Conservative, he served until his death in 1901.", "Q256164": "Sir Derek George Jacobi (; born 22 October 1938) is an English actor and stage director.\nA \"forceful, commanding stage presence\", Jacobi has enjoyed a successful stage career, appearing in such stage productions as Hamlet, Uncle Vanya, and Oedipus the King. He has twice been awarded a Laurence Olivier Award, first for his performance of the eponymous hero in Cyrano de Bergerac in 1983 and the second for his Malvolio in Twelfth Night in 2009. He also received a Tony Award for his performance in Much Ado About Nothing in 1984 and a Primetime Emmy Award in 1988 for The Tenth Man. His stage work includes playing Octavius Caesar, Edward II, Richard III and Thomas Becket.\nIn addition to being a founder member of the Royal National Theatre and winning several prestigious theatre awards, Jacobi has also enjoyed a successful television career, starring in the critically praised adaptation of Robert Graves's I, Claudius (1976), for which he won a BAFTA; in the titular role in the medieval drama series Cadfael (1994\u20131998), as Stanley Baldwin in The Gathering Storm (2002), as Stuart Bixby in the ITV comedy Vicious (2013\u20132016) and as Alan Buttershaw in Last Tango in Halifax (2012\u2013present). Jacobi also portrayed a version of the Master in the long running science fiction series Doctor Who. He later reprised the role for several Doctor Who audio dramas for Big Finish Productions.\nThough principally a stage actor, Jacobi has appeared in a number of films, including The Day of the Jackal (1973), Henry V (1989), Dead Again (1991), Gladiator (2000), Gosford Park (2001), The Riddle (2007), The King's Speech (2010), My Week with Marilyn (2011), Cinderella (2015), and Murder on the Orient Express (2017).\nHe was knighted in 1994 and has also been made a member of the Danish Order of the Dannebrog.", "Q49012": "San Luis Obispo (; SLO () for short) is a city in the U.S. state of California, located approximately 190 miles (310 km) north of Los Angeles and 230 miles (370 km) south of San Francisco in Northern California's Central Coast region. The population was 45,119 at the 2010 census. The population of San Luis Obispo County was 269,637 in 2010.\nFounded in 1772 by Spanish Franciscan Jun\u00edpero Serra, San Luis Obispo is one of California's oldest European-founded communities. Serra's original mission was named after the 13th-century saint and bishop Louis of Toulouse. The city, locally referred to as San Luis, SLO, or SLO Town (as its county is also referred to as SLO) is the county seat of San Luis Obispo County and is adjacent to California Polytechnic State University.", "Q742494": "National Research Tomsk State University, TSU (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0422\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0442) is a public research university located in Siberia, Russia. On May 28, 1878, Emperor Alexander II signed a decree on the establishment of the first and only higher education institution in the vast expanses from the Russian Urals to the Pacific Ocean \u2013 the Siberian Imperial University in Tomsk, Russia. The TSU is the first Russian university in Asia.\nTSU was opened in 1888. The first classes for the first 72 students began on September 1, 1888 at the single, Medical Faculty. Classes were given by eight professors, aided by seven assistants and laboratory technicians. Professor Nikolai Gezekhus was appointed the first rector of the University.\nAt present, there are 23 Faculties and Institutes with 151 Departments and about 23,000 students (among them are about 2,000 international students).\nThe University's pride is its Scientific Library (4 million copies, the rare book museum) and the Siberian Botanical Garden.\nIn 2018, asteroid 343322 Tomskuniver was named in honor of Tomsk State University.", "Q110837": "The Left Party (Swedish: V\u00e4nsterpartiet, V) is a socialist political party in Sweden. The party originated as a split from the Swedish Social Democratic Party in 1917, as the Swedish Social Democratic Left Party (Sveriges socialdemokratiska v\u00e4nsterparti, SSV), and became the Communist Party of Sweden in 1921. In 1967, the party was renamed Left Party - the Communists; it adopted its current name in 1990. The party has never been part of a government at the national level.\nOn economic issues, the party opposes privatizations and advocates increased public expenditure. The Left Party was against accession to the European Union, and supported a Swedish exit from the EU until February 2019. It attempted to get Sweden to join the Non-Aligned Movement in 1980, but did not succeed. The party supports feminism.From 1998 to 2006, the Left Party was in a confidence-and-supply arrangement with the ruling Social Democrats and the Green Party. Since 2014, it has supported the minority government of Social Democrats and Greens in the Swedish parliament, as well as in many of Sweden's counties and municipalities.\nThe Left Party is a member of the Nordic Green Left Alliance, and its sole MEP sits in the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) group. In 2018, the party joined Maintenant le Peuple.\n\n", "Q86663": "Fritz Eckhardt (born Linz, 30 November 1907; died Klosterneuburg, 31 December 1995) was an Austrian actor, director, and writer. He is remembered for playing the lead role as chief inspector Marek in the \u00d6sterreichischer Rundfunk version of the detective series Tatort. He also played cabaret and wrote numerous theatre plays and film scripts.", "Q204144": "Carlo Felice Bianchi \"Cici\" Anderloni (7 April 1916 \u2013 7 August 2003) was an Italian automobile designer, known for several designs for the Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera company.\nAfter studying at the Politecnico di Milano he joined his father Felice Bianchi Anderloni (1882\u20131949) at his company Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera (1944) and subsequently led the design and production activities, after his father's death (1949). He was first involved in the Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 SS coupe (1949) and the\nFerrari 166 S (in barchetta body). The company was discontinued (1966) and Anderloni joined Alfa Romeo as advisor and later, as designer. Later he was involved in the Associazione Italiana per la Storia dell'Automobile, was a frequently used judge at the Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este exhibitions, and led the Touring registry (1995-).", "Q89550": "Fritz Hochw\u00e4lder (28 May 1911 \u2013 21 October 1986) also known as Fritz Hochwaelder, was an Austrian playwright. Known for his spare prose and strong moralist themes, Hochw\u00e4lder won several literary awards, including the Grand Austrian State Prize for Literature in 1966. Most of his plays were first performed at the Burgtheater in Vienna.", "Q524965": "Dirk Schl\u00e4chter (born 15 February 1965, in Bad Nauheim, Germany) is the bassist of the power metal band Gamma Ray and Avalanch from 2018.", "Q234087": "Nakano (\u4e2d\u91ce\u533a, Nakano-ku) is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. The English translation of its Japanese self-designation is Nakano City.As of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 322,731, and a population density of 20,701 persons per km2. The total area is 15.59 km2.", "Q1354210": "Philip Bayard \"Phil\" Crosby, (June 18, 1926 \u2013 August 18, 2001) was a businessman and author who contributed to management theory and quality management practices.Crosby initiated the Zero Defects program at the Martin Company. As the quality control manager of the Pershing missile program, Crosby was credited with a 25 percent reduction in the overall rejection rate and a 30 percent reduction in scrap costs.", "Q99743": "Marc Dumitru (born 5 April 1986) is a German actor and singer of Romanian descent. He has one sister and he has made his Abitur in Stockach.\n\n", "Q214357": "Gerhard Ludwig Weinberg (born 1 January 1928) is a German-born American diplomatic and military historian noted for his studies in the history of World War II. Weinberg is the William Rand Kenan, Jr. Professor Emeritus of History at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He has been a member of the history faculty at UNC-Chapel Hill since 1974. Previously he served on the faculties of the University of Michigan (1959\u20131974) and the University of Kentucky (1957\u20131959).", "Q88896": "Helene Thimig (5 June 1889 \u2013 7 November 1974) was an Austrian stage and film actress. She was the daughter of the actor Hugo Thimig and the sister of Hermann Thimig and Hans Thimig.", "Q127043": "Garmisch-Partenkirchen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261a\u0281m\u026a\u0283 pa\u0281tn\u0329\u02c8k\u026a\u0281\u00e7n\u0329]) is a ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated GAP), in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2,962 m (9,718 ft.).\nThe town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games.", "Q340074": "Samad Behrangi (Persian: \u0635\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc; June 24, 1939 \u2013 August 31, 1967) was an Iranian teacher, social critic, folklorist, translator, and short story writer. He is famous for his children's books, particularly The Little Black Fish. Influenced by predominantly leftist ideologies that were common among the intelligentsia of his era, his books typically portrayed the lives of the children of the urban poor and encouraged the individual to change his/ her circumstances by her own initiatives.", "Q949696": "Ken Curtis (born Curtis Wain Gates, July 2, 1916 \u2013 April 28, 1991) was an American singer and actor best known for his role as Festus Haggen on the CBS western television series Gunsmoke. Although he appeared on Gunsmoke earlier in other roles, he was first cast as Festus in season 8 episode 13, December 8, 1962 \"Us Haggens\". His next appearance was Season 9, episode 2, October 5, 1963 as Kyle Kelly, in \"Lover Boy\". Curtis joined the cast of Gunsmoke permanently as Festus in \"Prairie Wolfer\", season 9 episode 16, January 18, 1964.", "Q439920": "Susan Elizabeth Rotolo (November 20, 1943 \u2013 February 25, 2011), known as Suze Rotolo ( SOO-zee), was an American artist, and the girlfriend of Bob Dylan from 1961 to 1964. Dylan later acknowledged her strong influence on his music and art during that period. Rotolo is the woman walking with him on the cover of his 1963 album The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan, a photograph by the Columbia Records studio photographer Don Hunstein. In her book, A Freewheelin' Time: A Memoir of Greenwich Village in the Sixties, Rotolo described her time with Dylan and other figures in the folk music and bohemian scene in Greenwich Village, New York. She discussed her upbringing as a \"red diaper\" baby\u2014a child of Communist Party USA members during the McCarthy Era. As an artist, she specialized in artists' books and taught at the Parsons School of Design in New York City.", "Q43259": "No Doubt is an American rock band from Anaheim, California, formed in 1986. The band consists of vocalist Gwen Stefani, guitarist Tom Dumont, bassist Tony Kanal, and drummer Adrian Young. Since the mid-1990s, they have been supported by trombonist Gabrial McNair and trumpeter Stephen Bradley in live performances.\nThough their 1992 eponymous debut album failed to make an impact, its ska punk-inspired follow-up The Beacon Street Collection sold over 100,000 copies in 1995, over three times as many as its predecessor. The band's diamond-certified album Tragic Kingdom (1995) benefited from the resurgence of third-wave ska in the 1990s, and \"Don't Speak\", the third single from the album, set a record when it spent 16 weeks at the number one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart. \"Just a Girl\", co-written by Stefani, was described as \"the most popular cut on the CD\".The group's next album, Return of Saturn (2000), despite its Top 40 hit single \"Simple Kind of Life\", did not match the success of their previous album, but received critical praise and was nominated for Best Rock Album at the 43rd Grammy Awards. Fifteen months later, the band reappeared with the album Rock Steady (2001), which incorporated reggae and dancehall music into their work. The album was primarily recorded in Jamaica and featured collaborations with Jamaican artists Bounty Killer, Sly and Robbie, and Lady Saw. The album produced two Grammy-winning singles, \"Hey Baby\" and \"Underneath It All\". \"Hella Good\" was also nominated for a Grammy award. On November 22, 2002, No Doubt received the Key to the City of Anaheim, given by the Mayor of Anaheim, Tom Daly, in Disneyland during the band's appearance on 'Breakfast with Kevin and Bean' (KROQ-FM) where they performed five songs. After a 2004 tour the band embarked on solo projects, with Stefani releasing two successful solo albums Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (2004) and The Sweet Escape (2006) while Tom Dumont released his own solo music project, Invincible Overlord. In 2008, the band resumed working slowly on their sixth effort, titled Push and Shove (2012), and released their single \"Settle Down\". They have sold over 33 million records worldwide.", "Q545357": "Ty Simpkins (born August 6, 2001) is an American actor. His major film roles include Insidious (2011) and its sequel Insidious: Chapter 2 (2013), Iron Man 3 (2013), Jurassic World (2015) and Avengers: Endgame (2019).", "Q63189": "Dana Wynter (born Dagmar Winter; 8 June 1931 \u2013 5 May 2011) was a German-born English actress, who was brought up in Britain and Southern Africa. She appeared in film and television for more than 40 years, beginning in the 1950s with her best-known film being Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956). A tall, dark, elegant beauty, she played both victim and villain. Her characters sometimes faced horrific dangers, both in film and on television, which they often did not survive, but she also played scheming, manipulative women on television mysteries and crime procedural dramas.", "Q117180": "Marc Birkigt (8 March 1878, Geneva \u2013 15 March 1953, Versoix) was a Swiss engineer who moved to Barcelona, Spain when he was hired as an engineer by Emilio de la Cuadra, founder of Hispano-Suiza automobiles. He created the Dewoitine company along with \u00c9mile Dewoitine. Birkigt was nominated for the Car Engineer of the Century prize for the luxurious Hispano-Suiza H6 car in the 1920s. He also won fame for the aircraft engines and guns he designed at Hispano-Suiza as chief engineer, the former including the liquid-cooled V8 engine that powered the famous French SPAD VII and SPAD XIII World War I fighters, and the British Sopwith Dolphin and S.E. 5a, whilst in the field of ordnance he created the Hispano-Suiza HS.404 20mm autocannon, which was of great importance in WW II as the main fighter gun of the RAF from 1941 onwards.", "Q1701970": "John Trudell (February 15, 1946 \u2013 December 8, 2015) was a Native American author, poet, actor, musician, and political activist. He was the spokesperson for the United Indians of All Tribes' takeover of Alcatraz beginning in 1969, broadcasting as Radio Free Alcatraz. During most of the 1970s, he served as the chairman of the American Indian Movement, based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.\nAfter his pregnant wife, three children and mother-in-law were killed in 1979 in a suspicious fire at the home of his parents-in-law on the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes Duck Valley Indian Reservation in Nevada, Trudell turned to writing, music and film as a second career. He acted in films in the 1990s. The documentary Trudell (2005) was made about him and his life as an activist and artist.", "Q418736": "Akira Ishida (\u77f3\u7530 \u5f70, Ishida Akira, born November 2, 1967) is a Japanese actor and voice actor. He was a part of Mausu Promotion (formerly known as Ezaki Production, until its 1990 change of name) from 1988 until March 2009, when he moved to Gerbera Peerless. For his portrayal of Saki Abdusha in You're Under Arrest (manga) Athrun Zala in Gundam Seed Destiny, he was chosen as the most popular voice actor in the Animage Anime Grand Prix in 2004, and won the Best Supporting Character (male) award at the first Seiyu Awards in 2007.", "Q4361461": "Petrozavodsk State University (PetrSU) is a classical university in Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia. \nIt was founded in 1940 as the Karelian-Finnish University and was renamed in 1956. The rector of Petrozavodsk State University is Prof. Anatoly V. Voronin.", "Q646194": "Tony \"Demolition\" Dolan (also known as the \"Demolition Man\", born in 1964) is an English musician and actor, most known as the bassist and vocalist of heavy metal bands Atomkraft and Venom. He currently plays in Venom Inc., alongside fellow former Venom members Mantas and Abaddon.\nDolan and Paul Spillett formed Atomkraft in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1979. He was a vocalist from 1979 to 1986, played guitars from 1979 to 1981 and on to 1988, just before they broke up. From 1981 to 1987 he played bass guitar. When Atomkraft was reformed in 2004, Dolan took up the duty of vocalist and bassist again. In 1988, he was offered a role of bassist and vocalist for the prominent band, Venom. He recorded four albums with Venom before leaving the band in 1993. He also participated in other acts, including Mantas, Dogmatix and Raubtier. In 2010, with Jeffrey Dunn and Anthony Lant, he started playing bass guitar and singing in M-pire of Evil.", "Q89544": "Viktor Schauberger (30 June 1885 in Holzschlag, Upper Austria \u2013 25 September 1958 in Linz, Austria) was an Austrian forest caretaker, naturalist, parascientist, philosopher, inventor and biomimicry experimenter.\nSchauberger developed his own ideas based on what he observed in nature. In Implosion magazine, a magazine released by Schauberger's family, he said that aeronautical and marine engineers had incorrectly designed the propeller. He stated:\n\nAs best demonstrated by Nature in the case of the aerofoil maple-seed, today\u2019s propeller is a pressure-screw and therefore a braking screw, whose purpose is to allow the heavy maple-seed to fall parachute-like slowly towards the ground and to be carried away sideways by the wind in the process. No bird has such a whirling thing on its head, nor a fish on its tail. Only man made use of this natural brake-screw for forward propulsion. As the propeller rotates, so does the resistance rise by the square of the rotational velocity. This is also a sign that this supposed propulsive device is unnaturally constructed and therefore out of place.", "Q346411": "Michael Landon (born Eugene Maurice Orowitz; October 31, 1936 \u2013 July 1, 1991) was an American actor, writer, director, and producer. He is known for his roles as Little Joe Cartwright in Bonanza (1959\u20131973), Charles Ingalls in Little House on the Prairie (1974\u20131983), and Jonathan Smith in Highway to Heaven (1984\u20131989). Landon appeared on the cover of TV Guide 22 times, second only to Lucille Ball.", "Q72090": "Joyeux No\u00ebl (''Merry Christmas'') is a 2005 epic war drama film based on the Christmas truce of December 1914, depicted through the eyes of French, Scottish, and German soldiers. It was written and directed by Christian Carion, and screened out of competition at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.The film, which includes one of the last appearances of Ian Richardson before his death, was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 78th Academy Awards. It is a fictionalised account of an actual event that took place in December 1914, when Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, sent the lead singer of the Berlin Imperial Opera company on a solo visit to the front line. Singing by the tenor, Walter Kirchhoff, to the 120th and 124th W\u00fcrttemberg regiments led French soldiers in their trenches to stand up and applaud.", "Q204150": "Pinsk (Belarusian: \u041f\u0456\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a; Russian: \u041f\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a [p\u02b2in\u032as\u032ak]; Ukrainian: \u041f\u0456\u0301\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a, Pins'k; Polish: Pi\u0144sk; Yiddish/Hebrew: \u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05e1\u05e7\u200e, Lithuanian: Pinskas) is a city in Brest Region of Belarus, in the Polesia region, at the confluence of the Pina River and the Pripyat River. The region was known as the Marsh of Pinsk and is southwest of Minsk. The city's population is about 138,202.\nThe historic city has a restored city centre, with two-story buildings from the 19th century and the early 20th century. The centre has become an active place for youths of all ages with summer theme parks and a new association football stadium, which houses the city's football club, FC Volna Pinsk.", "Q392126": "Derek Aaron Ruell (born June 23, 1976 in Fresno, California), is an American director and photographer. He is most recognized for his performance as Kip Dynamite in the indie movie Napoleon Dynamite.", "Q183087": "Pietro Alessandro Gaspare Scarlatti (2 May 1660 \u2013 22 October 1725) was an Italian Baroque composer, known especially for his operas and chamber cantatas. He is considered the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera. He was the father of two other composers, Domenico Scarlatti and Pietro Filippo Scarlatti.", "Q705913": "Ivan Osipovich Yarkovsky (Polish: Jan Jarkowski) (24 May 1844, Asveya, Vitebsk Governorate \u2013 22 January 1902, Heidelberg) was a Polish civil engineer. Born from a Polish family in Asveya (Russian Empire, now Belarus), he worked for a Russian railway company and was obscure in his own time. Beginning in the 1970s, long after Yarkovsky's death, his work on the effects of thermal radiation on small objects in the Solar System (e.g., asteroids) was developed into the Yarkovsky effect and the YORP effect. The asteroid 35334 Yarkovsky is named in his honour \u2020. In 1888, he also created a mechanical explanation of gravitation.", "Q96464": "Georg B\u00fcchmann (German: [\u02c8b\u028f\u00e7man]; 4 January 1822 \u2013 24 February 1884) was a German philologist. He was born in Berlin, and died there in Sch\u00f6neberg.\n\nHe studied theology, philology and archaeology in University of Berlin, where his instructors included August B\u00f6ckh and Theodor Panofka. He worked as a schoolteacher in Brandenburg an der Havel, and later taught language courses at the Friedrich-Werder'schen trade school in Berlin (1854\u201377). In 1872 he attained the title of professor.He became well known as a result of his 1864 book Gefl\u00fcgelte Worte, Der Zitatenschatz des Deutschen Volkes, a collection of quotations. Specifically, the book (the title of which, loosely translated, is \"Winged Words\") included literary quotes that had become part of common speech. It went through numerous, expanded and revised editions (14th edition, Berlin, 1884) and has been translated into various foreign languages.", "Q1175266": "David Perry Lindley (born March 21, 1944) is an American musician who founded the band El Rayo-X, and who has worked with many other performers including Jackson Browne, Warren Zevon, Curtis Mayfield and Dolly Parton. He has mastered such a wide variety of instruments that Acoustic Guitar magazine referred to Lindley not as a multi-instrumentalist, but instead as a \"maxi-instrumentalist.\"The majority of the instruments that Lindley plays are string instruments, including the acoustic and electric guitar, upright and electric bass, banjo, lap steel guitar, mandolin, hardingfele, bouzouki, cittern, ba\u011flama, gumbus, charango, c\u00fcmb\u00fc\u015f, oud, and zither.\nLindley was a founding member of the 1960s band Kaleidoscope, and has worked as musical director for several touring artists. In addition, he has occasionally scored and composed music for film.", "Q2425484": "Ebenezer Cobb Morley (16 August 1831 \u2013 20 November 1924) was an English sportsman. He is regarded as one of the fathers of the Football Association (FA) and modern football.", "Q149956": "Gabrielle Bossis (French: [\u0261a.b\u0281i.\u025bl b\u0254\u02c8si]) (1874\u20131950) was a French Catholic laywoman, actress and mystic, best known for her mystical work Lui et Moi, published in English translation as He and I. The book recounts her dialogues with Jesus, which came to her as an \"inner voice\" and which she recorded in a series of journals from 1936 to shortly before her death in 1950. Some sample thoughts of the book are:\n1. Express Your hope in me. Come out of yourself. Enter into Me.\n2. Do not fail to give Me your sufferings. They help sinners.\n3. I asked you to wake up in the arms of the Father because each one of your mornings is a new creation.\n4. I asked you to fall asleep in the Holy Spirit because your last conscious breath should be in love.\n5. Try to understand My yearning for you, for all My children.\n6. You see that you can do nothing by yourself. Throw yourself into My arms every morning and ask Me for strength to pay attention to the little details. Life is made up of little things, you know. Don't count on yourself any more. Count on me.\n7. When the love of the cross sinks deep into a person, he lives in a joy that the world can never know. For the world has only pleasures, but joy belongs to Me and Mine, My friend.", "Q106099": "Jeanne Moreau (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292an m\u0254\u0281o]; 23 January 1928 \u2013 31 July 2017) was a French actress, singer, screenwriter and director. She won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress for Seven Days... Seven Nights (1960) (which she shared with Melina Mercouri for her role in Never on Sunday), the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress for Viva Maria! (1965), and the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress for The Old Lady Who Walked in the Sea (1992). She was also the recipient of several lifetime awards, including a BAFTA Fellowship in 1996, Cannes Golden Palm in 2003 and C\u00e9sar Award in 2008. \nMoreau made her theatrical debut in 1947, and established herself as one of the leading actresses of the Com\u00e9die-Fran\u00e7aise. She began playing small roles in films in 1949, with impressive performances in the Fernandel vehicle Meurtres? (Three Sinners, 1950) and alongside Jean Gabin as a showgirl/gangster's moll in the film Touchez pas au grisbi (1954). She achieved prominence as the star of Elevator to the Gallows (1958), directed by Louis Malle, and Jules et Jim (1962), directed by Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut. Most prolific during the 1960s, Moreau continued to appear in films into her 80s.", "Q3124136": "G\u00e9rard C. Louis-Dreyfus (June 21, 1932 \u2013 September 16, 2016), also known as William, was an American businessman. His net worth was estimated at $3.4 billion by Forbes in 2006. He was the chairman of Louis Dreyfus Energy Services and the great grandson of L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus, founder of Louis Dreyfus Group. He was the father of actress Julia Louis-Dreyfus.", "Q451444": "William Murdoch (sometimes spelled Murdock) (21 August 1754 \u2013 15 November 1839) was a Scottish engineer and inventor.\nMurdoch was employed by the firm of Boulton & Watt and worked for them in Cornwall, as a steam engine erector for ten years, spending most of the rest of his life in Birmingham, England.\nMurdoch was the inventor of the oscillating cylinder steam engine, and gas lighting is attributed to him in the early 1790s, also the term \"gasometer\". However, Archibald Cochrane, ninth Earl of Dundonald, had already in 1789 used gas for lighting his family estate. Murdoch also made innovations to the steam engine, including the sun and planet gear and D slide valve. He invented the steam gun and the pneumatic tube message system, and worked on one of the first British paddle steamers to cross the English Channel. Murdoch built a prototype steam locomotive in 1784 and made a number of discoveries in chemistry.\nMurdoch remained an employee and later a partner of Boulton & Watt until the 1830s, and his reputation as an inventor has been obscured by the reputations of Matthew Boulton and James Watt and the firm they founded.", "Q732167": "G\u00e9rard Paul Philippe Wertheimer (born April 17, 1951) is a French businessman based in Geneva who owns and controls the House of Chanel perfume company in partnership with his brother, Alain.\n\n", "Q17560658": "The Slap is an American family drama television miniseries, which aired on NBC from February 12 to April 2, 2015. It is an adaptation of the Australian series The Slap, which in turn was based on Christos Tsiolkas's novel The Slap. Each of the show's eight installments told the story of the aftermath of a birthday party from the perspective of a different character. Jon Robin Baitz wrote the teleplay for the series and Lisa Cholodenko directed the pilot episode.", "Q319115": "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a 1960 American drama film directed by Michael Curtiz. Based on the novel of the same name by Mark Twain, it was the third sound film version of the story and the second filmed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The film was the first adaptation of Huckleberry Finn to be filmed in CinemaScope and Technicolor. It stars Eddie Hodges as Huck and former boxer Archie Moore as the runaway slave Jim. Tony Randall also appeared in the film (and received top billing), and Buster Keaton had a bit role in what proved to be his final film for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, his former studio. Neville Brand portrayed Pap Finn, Huck's alcoholic father.\nSome scenes in the film were shot on the Sacramento River, which doubled for the Mississippi River.", "Q90015": "Baroness Therese von Dro\u00dfdik, n\u00e9e Malfatti (1 January 1792 \u2013 27 April 1851), was an Austrian musician and a close friend of Ludwig van Beethoven. She is best known as one of the possible dedicatees of Beethoven's famous bagatelle, F\u00fcr Elise, WoO 59.", "Q117194": "Xenia Tchoumitcheva, known professionally as Xenia Tchoumi (\u041a\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430, born 5 August 1987 in Magnitogorsk, Russia), is a Russian-Swiss model, actress, blogger and entrepreneur.\n\n", "Q294225": "Enrique Granados Campi\u00f1a (27 July 1867 \u2013 24 March 1916) was a Spanish pianist and composer of classical music.", "Q238871": "Diane Cilento (5 October 1933 \u2013 6 October 2011) was an Australian actress and author. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the 1963 film Tom Jones.", "Q70687": "Grandevent is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q491106": "The Khanate of Khiva (Uzbek: Xiva xonligi, \u0425\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u043d\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438, \u062e\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0644\u06cc\u06af; Persian: \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u200e) was an Uzbek state that existed in the historical region of Khwarezm in Central Asia from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Afsharid occupation by Nadir Shah between 1740 and 1746. The Khans were the patrilineal descendants of Shayban (Shiban), the fifth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. Centred in the irrigated plains of the lower Amu Darya, south of the Aral Sea, with the capital in the city of Khiva, the country was ruled by an Uzbek Turkic tribe, the Khongirads, who came from Astrakhan. It covered present western Uzbekistan, southwestern Kazakhstan and much of Turkmenistan before Russian arrival at the second half of the 19th century. The country's population consisted mainly of Uzbeks and Turkmens.\nIn 1873, the Khanate of Khiva was much reduced in size and became a Russian protectorate. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Khiva had a revolution too, and in 1920 the Khanate was replaced by the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic. In 1924, the area was formally incorporated into the Soviet Union and today is largely a part of Karakalpakstan and Xorazm Province in Uzbekistan.", "Q549579": "Sylvain Cambreling (born 2 July 1948 in Amiens, France) is a French conductor.\nTrained as a trombone player, Cambreling studied at the Paris Conservatoire. He joined l'Orchestre Symphonique de Lyon (OSL) as a trombonist in 1971. In 1974, he took second prize in the International Besan\u00e7on Competition for Young Conductors. His conducting debut was with the OSL in 1975, leading Robert Schumann's Scenes from Goethe's Faust. At the invitation of Pierre Boulez, he began to guest-conduct the Ensemble Intercontemporain regularly from 1976.\nCambreling was the music director of the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de la Monnaie, Brussels from 1981\u20131991, during Gerard Mortier's tenure. He served as artistic director and general music director of the Frankfurt Opera from 1993\u20131997. During his Frankfurt tenure, he encountered controversy over proposed budget cuts from the city of Frankfurt and the director for opera and ballet, Martin Steinhoff. From 1997\u20132004, he served as principal guest conductor of Klangforum Wien, with whom he premiered Luciano Berio's final opera, Cronaca del luogo. He also made several commercial recordings with Klangforum Wien. He was a frequent conductor at the Op\u00e9ra National de Paris during Mortier's tenure there, from 2004\u20132009, holding the title of \"principal conductor\" for the first season of that duration, a title shared with six other conductors.\nFrom 1999 to 2011, Cambreling was chief conductor of the SWR Sinfonieorchester Baden-Baden und Freiburg, and made several commercial recordings with the orchestra. In April 2010, he was named Generalmusikdirektor (GMD) of the Stuttgart State Opera, effective with the 2012\u20132013 season. He concluded his Stuttgart tenure at the close of the 2017\u20132018 season. Cambreling had been offered the post of chief conductor of the newly-formed SWR Symphonieorchester, but declined on principle, in protest at the merger of the two precursor orchestras into the new ensemble. In February 2018, the Symphoniker Hamburg announced the appointment of Cambreling as its next chief conductor, effective with the 2018\u20132019 season.Outside of Europe, Cambreling became principal conductor of the Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra in April 2010, with an initial contract of 3 years. He is scheduled to stand down as the orchestra's principal conductor on 31 March 2019.", "Q1789286": "Ant\u00f4nio Augusto de Lima (5 April 1859 \u2013 22 April 1934) was a Brazilian journalist, poet, musician, magistrate, jurist, professor and politician. He was born in Congonhas de Sabar\u00e1 (now Nova Lima).\nAugusto de Lima was governor of the state of Minas Gerais, and he idealized the transfer of the state's capital from Ouro Preto to Belo Horizonte (then \"Curral Del Rey\"). In 1903, he became a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters and was elected its president in 1928.\nIn 1906, Augusto de Lima was elected deputado federal (house representative) and moved to Rio de Janeiro, the federal district. There, he married Vera Monteiro de Barros de Suckow, granddaughter of Hans Wilhelm von Suckow, Major of the Prussian Army (who fought Napoleon's army in the Battle of Waterloo) and patron of Brazil\u2019s horse racing \u2014 the first breeder of race horses in Brazil.\nAs a politician, Augusto de Lima defended female suffrage and was also an ecologist. He was strongly devoted to Saint Francis of Assisi, and was responsible for the first forest protection law in Brazil, implemented after a fifteen-year battle in congress.", "Q181690": "Heraclius the Elder (Latin: Heraclius; Greek: \u1f29\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2; died 610) was a Byzantine general and the father of Byzantine emperor Heraclius (r. 610\u2013641). Of possible Armenian origin, Heraclius the Elder distinguished himself in the war against the Sassanid Persians in the 580s. As a subordinate general (or hypostrategos), Heraclius served under the command of Philippicus during the Battle of Solachon and possibly served under Comentiolus during the Battle of Sisarbanon. In circa 595, Heraclius the Elder is mentioned as a magister militum per Armeniam sent by Emperor Maurice (r. 582\u2013602) to quell an Armenian rebellion led by Samuel Vahewuni and Atat Khorkhoruni. In circa 600, he was appointed as the Exarch of Africa and in 608, Heraclius the Elder rebelled with his son against the usurper Phocas (r. 602\u2013610). Using North Africa as a base, the younger Heraclius managed to overthrow Phocas, beginning the Heraclian dynasty, which would rule Byzantium for a century. Heraclius the Elder died soon after receiving news of his son's accession to the Byzantine throne.", "Q236684": "Natsuo Kirino (\u6850\u91ce \u590f\u751f, Kirino Natsuo) (born October 7, 1951, in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture) is the pen name of Mariko Hashioka, a Japanese novelist and a leading figure in the recent boom of female writers of Japanese detective fiction.", "Q94273": "Gerhard Roth (born 24 June 1942, in Graz) is an Austrian writer.", "Q1959858": "Dr. P\u00e9ter Hopp\u00e1l (born 1972) is a Hungarian politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) for P\u00e9cs (Baranya County Constituency I then II) since 2010. He was also a Member of Parliament from the Fidesz Baranya County Regional List between 2009 and 2010. He served as Secretary of State for Culture from 15 June 2014 to 17 May 2018.", "Q16090475": "Donald Brook (born 8 January 1927-died 17 December 2018) was an Australian artist, art critic and theorist whose research and publications centre on the philosophy of art, non-verbal representation and cultural evolution. He initiated the Experimental Art Foundation in Adelaide and was Emeritus Professor of Visual Arts in the Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia.", "Q981944": "Dariush Eghbali (Persian: \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u200e) better known by his stage name Dariush is an Iranian singer.", "Q711966": "George Alfred Trenholm (February 25, 1807 \u2013 December 9, 1876) was a South Carolina businessman, financier, politician, and slaveholding planter who owned several plantations and strongly supported the Confederate States of America. He was appointed as its Secretary of the Treasury during the final year of the American Civil War.His merchant firm was estimated to have made $9 million by blockade running with its 60 ships during the war. Although he was imprisoned briefly after the war and suffered some economic setbacks, Trenholm continued to prosper. In the postwar years, Trenholm acted as a major philanthropist, aiding both blacks and whites in South Carolina. He also served on railroad and bank boards, and was elected to state office again in 1874 and died in office.", "Q443040": "Donald Richard Gibb (born August 4, 1954) is an American actor, best known for his roles as the hulking, dimwitted fraternity brother Ogre in several installments of the Revenge of the Nerds film series, as Ray Jackson in Bloodsport and as Leslie Dr. Death Krunchner on the HBO sitcom 1st & Ten.", "Q125640": "Olin Stephen Pace (March 9, 1891 \u2013 April 5, 1970) was an American politician and lawyer.", "Q134995": "Bibliography (from Ancient Greek: \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03bd, romanized: biblion, lit. 'book' and -\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u1fb1, -graph\u00ed\u0101, 'writing'), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from Ancient Greek: -\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, romanized: -log\u00eda). Carter and Barker (2010) describe bibliography as a twofold scholarly discipline\u2014the organized listing of books (enumerative bibliography) and the systematic description of books as objects (descriptive bibliography).", "Q59215": "Charles Robert Redford Jr. (born August 18, 1936) is a retired American actor, director, producer, and businessman. He is the founder of the Sundance Film Festival. Redford began acting on television in the late 1950s, including an appearance on The Twilight Zone in 1962. He earned an Emmy nomination as Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Voice of Charlie Pont (1962). His greatest Broadway success was as the stuffy newlywed husband of co-star Elizabeth Ashley's character in Neil Simon's Barefoot in the Park (1963).\nRedford made his film debut in War Hunt (1962). His role in Inside Daisy Clover (1965) won him a Golden Globe for the best new star. He starred alongside Paul Newman in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), which was a huge success and made him a major star. He had a critical and box office hit with Jeremiah Johnson (1972), and in 1973 he had the greatest hit of his career, the blockbuster crime caper The Sting, a re-union with Paul Newman, for which he was nominated for an Academy Award; that same year, he also starred opposite Barbra Streisand in The Way We Were. The popular and acclaimed All the President's Men (1976) was a landmark film for Redford.\nIn the 1980s, Redford began his career as a director with Ordinary People (1980), which was one of the most critically and publicly acclaimed films of the decade, winning four Oscars including Best Picture and the Academy Award for Best Director for Redford. He continued acting and starred in Brubaker (1980), as well as playing the male lead in Out of Africa (1985), which was an enormous box office success and won seven Oscars including Best Picture. He released his third film as a director, A River Runs Through It, in 1992.\nHe went on to receive Best Director and Best Picture nominations in 1995 for Quiz Show. He received a second Academy Award\u2014for Lifetime Achievement\u2014in 2002. In 2010, he was made a chevalier of the L\u00e9gion d'Honneur. He has won BAFTA, Directors Guild of America, Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild awards.\nIn April 2014, Time magazine included Redford in their annual Time 100 as one of the \"Most Influential People in the World\", declaring him the \"Godfather of Indie Film\". In 2016, he was honored with a Presidential Medal of Freedom.", "Q207459": "Grigory Yevseyevich Zinoviev (23 September [O.S. 11 September] 1883 \u2013 25 August 1936), born Hirsch Apfelbaum, known also under the name Ovsei-Gershon Aronovich Radomyslsky, was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet Communist politician.\nZinoviev was one of the seven members of the first Politburo, founded in 1917 in order to manage the Bolshevik Revolution: Lenin, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Trotsky, Stalin, Sokolnikov and Bubnov. Zinoviev is best remembered as the longtime head of the Communist International and the architect of several failed attempts to transform Germany into a communist country during the early 1920s. He was in competition against Joseph Stalin who eliminated him from the Soviet political leadership in 1925, followed by removal from the Petrograd Soviet in 1926.\nHe was a chief defendant in a 1936 show trial, the Trial of the Sixteen, that marked the start of the Great Terror in the USSR and resulted in his execution the day after his conviction in August 1936.\nZinoviev was also the alleged author of the Zinoviev letter to British communists, urging revolution, and published just before the 1924 general election. The letter is widely dismissed as a forgery.", "Q104856": "Georg Freiherr von Gayl (25 February 1850. Berlin \u2013 3 May 1927) was a Prussian officer, and General during World War I. Also, he was a recipient of Pour le M\u00e9rite.\n\n", "Q92602": "Sir Charles Antony Richard Hoare (born 11 January 1934) is a British computer scientist. He developed the sorting algorithm quicksort in 1959\u20131960. He also developed Hoare logic for verifying program correctness, and the formal language communicating sequential processes (CSP) to specify the interactions of concurrent processes (including the dining philosophers problem) and the inspiration for the programming language occam.", "Q115783": "Othmar Hermann Ammann (March 26, 1879 \u2013 September 22, 1965) was a Swiss-American civil engineer whose bridge designs include the George Washington Bridge, Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, and Bayonne Bridge. He also directed the planning and construction of the Lincoln Tunnel.\n\n", "Q546892": "Craig David Ross is an American guitarist best known for performing and recording with Lenny Kravitz.", "Q77856": "Maria Clara Isolde Kurz (21 December 1853 \u2013 5 April 1944), was a German poet and short story writer.\nShe was born at Stuttgart, the daughter of Hermann Kurz. She is highly regarded among lyric poets in Germany with her Gedichte (Stuttgart, 1888) and Neue Gedichte (1903). Her short stories, Florentiner Novellen (1890, 2nd ed. 1893), Phantasien und M\u00e4rchen (1890), Italienische Erz\u00e4hlungen (1895) and Von Dazumal (1900) are distinguished by a fine sense of form and clear-cut style.", "Q66783": "Sch\u00fcpfen is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q49760": "Peter Stephen Paul Brook, CH, CBE (born 21 March 1925) is an English theatre and film director who has been based in France since the early 1970s. He has won multiple Tony and Emmy Awards, a Laurence Olivier Award, the Praemium Imperiale, and the Prix Italia. He has been called \"our greatest living theatre director\".With the Royal Shakespeare Company, Brook directed the first English language production of Marat/Sade in 1964. It transferred to Broadway in 1965 and won the Tony Award for Best Play, and Brook was named Best Director.", "Q85418": "Peter Assmann (born 28 August 1963 in Austria) is an Austrian writer and visual artist.He studied art history and German literature. He is the current director of Austrian National Museum, president of the Austrian Museum Association and a member of the Network of European Museum Organisations.", "Q220780": "Raging Bull is a 1980 American biographical sports drama film directed by Martin Scorsese, produced by Robert Chartoff and Irwin Winkler and adapted by Paul Schrader and Mardik Martin from Jake LaMotta's memoir Raging Bull: My Story. The film, distributed by United Artists, stars Robert De Niro as Jake LaMotta, an Italian-American middleweight boxer whose self-destructive and obsessive rage, sexual jealousy, and animalistic appetite destroyed his relationship with his wife and family. Also featured in the film are Joe Pesci as Joey, LaMotta's well-intentioned brother and manager who tries to help Jake battle his inner demons, and Cathy Moriarty as his wife. Nicholas Colasanto, Theresa Saldana, and Frank Vincent all play supporting roles in the film.\nScorsese was initially reluctant to develop the project, though he eventually came to relate to LaMotta's story. Schrader re-wrote Martin's first screenplay, and Scorsese and De Niro together made uncredited contributions thereafter. Pesci was an unknown actor prior to the film, as was Moriarty, who was suggested for her role by Pesci. During principal photography, each of the boxing scenes was choreographed for a specific visual style and De Niro gained approximately 60 pounds (27 kg) to portray LaMotta in his later post-boxing years. Scorsese was exacting in the process of editing and mixing the film, expecting it to be his last major feature.\nRaging Bull premiered in New York on November 14, 1980 and was released in theaters on December 19, 1980. The film had a lukewarm box office of $23.4 million against its $18 million budget. The film received mixed reviews upon its release; while De Niro's performance and the editing were widely acclaimed, it garnered criticism due to its violent content. Despite the mixed reviews, the film was nominated for eight Academy Awards at the 53rd Academy Awards (tying with The Elephant Man as the most nominated film of the ceremony), including Best Picture and Best Director, and won two: Best Actor for De Niro (his second Oscar) and Best Editing.\nAfter its release, Raging Bull went on to garner a high critical reputation, and is now often considered Scorsese's magnum opus and one of the greatest films ever made. In 1990, it became the first film to be selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in its first year of eligibility.", "Q877778": "George Kranz is a German dance music singer and percussionist. He is best known for his song \"Trommeltanz\", otherwise known as \"Din Daa Daa\". The song hit No. 1 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart in 1984 and then returned to the chart in a new version in 1991, peaking at No. 8. \"Din Daa Daa\" (sometimes spelled \"Din Da Da\") is considered a classic dance music track and has been remixed, sampled and bootlegged many times, including in 1987's seminal \"Pump Up the Volume\" by MARRS, 1998's Praise Joint Remix by Kirk Franklin, 2005's \"Shake\" by the Ying Yang Twins, \"Turn Around\" by Flo Rida an Xbox 360 commercial and a Google Chrome commercial.", "Q82377": "Peter Outerbridge (born June 30, 1966) is a Canadian actor, best known for his role as Ari Tasarov in the CW action series Nikita, Dr. David Sandstr\u00f6m in the TMN series ReGenesis, Henrik \"Hank\" Johanssen in Orphan Black, Bob Corbett in Bomb Girls, William Easton in Saw VI and George Brown in the television film John A.: Birth of a Country. He also played the lead role of Detective William Murdoch in a three-episode mini-series, The Murdoch Mysteries, in its initial run on Canadian television, with two episodes shown in 2004 and a third in 2005.", "Q902495": "Astrojildo Pereira (8 November 1890 \u2013 21 November 1965) was a Brazilian politician, writer and journalist. He was a founding member of the Brazilian Communist Party in 1922.", "Q1552348": "Valery Afanassiev (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432, Valerij Pavlovi\u010d Afanasiev; born 8 September 1947) is a Russian pianist, writer and conductor.", "Q364868": "Gregor Piatigorsky (Russian: \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, Grigoriy Pavlovich Pyatigorskiy; April 17 [O.S. April 4] 1903 \u2013 August 6, 1976) was a Russian-born American cellist.", "Q76590": "Richard Fedor Leopold Dehmel (18 November 1863 \u2013 8 February 1920) was a German poet and writer.", "Q200450": "Lexi Randall (born January 1, 1980) is a former child actor in films and television. She appeared in the film The Long Walk Home and The War with Kevin Costner and Elijah Wood. Randall starred in the three television movies made from the novel Sarah, Plain and Tall. She also was in In the Best Interest of the Children and was a recurring character in the television series Designing Women.", "Q4380853": "Missouri S&T, or Missouri University of Science and Technology, is a public land grant and space grant university in Rolla, Missouri. It is a member institution of the University of Missouri System. Most of its 8,884 students (fall 2017) study engineering, business, sciences, and mathematics. Known primarily for its engineering school, Missouri S&T offers degree programs in business and management systems, information science and technology, sciences, social sciences, humanities, and arts.", "Q4035": "Osasco (Portuguese pronunciation: [o\u02c8zasku]) is a municipality in S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil, located in the Greater S\u00e3o Paulo and ranking 5th in population among S\u00e3o Paulo municipalities. According to the IBGE 2015, Osasco currently has the 9th highest gross domestic product in Brazil, and the 2nd largest in the State of S\u00e3o Paulo. The population is 696,850 (2018 est.) in an area of 64.95 km2. It is among the world's more dense cities, similar in density to Tokyo and New York City. It's considered the major urban centre of the Western portion of the Greater S\u00e3o Paulo. It used to be a district of S\u00e3o Paulo City until February 19, 1962, when Osasco became a municipality of its own. The city motto is \"Urbs labor\", Latin phrase that means \"City work\".", "Q550996": "William Henry \"Hank\" Green II (born May 5, 1980) is an American video blogger, internet producer, musician, author, entrepreneur, and CEO. He is known for producing the YouTube channel Vlogbrothers, where he and his older brother, John Green, regularly upload videos, as well as for creating and hosting the educational YouTube channels Crash Course and SciShow.\nGreen co-created VidCon, the world's largest conference about online videos, with his brother John, and created NerdCon: Stories, a conference focused on storytelling. He is the co-creator of The Lizzie Bennet Diaries (2012\u20132013), a web series adaptation of Pride and Prejudice in the style of video blogs. He is also the founder of the environmental technology blog EcoGeek and the Internet Creators Guild, and co-founder of merchandise company DFTBA Records, crowdfunding platform Subbable\u2014acquired by Patreon in 2015\u2014game company DFTBA Games, and online video production company Pemberley Digital, which produces video blog adaptations of classic novels in the public domain. Green's debut novel, An Absolutely Remarkable Thing, was published on September 25, 2018; its sequel A Beautifully Foolish Endeavor is scheduled for release on July 7, 2020.", "Q123557": "Emil Abderhalden (March 9, 1877 \u2013 August 5, 1950) was a Swiss biochemist and physiologist. His main findings, though disputed already in the 1920s, were not finally rejected until the late 1990s. Whether his misleading findings were based on fraud or simply the result of a lack of scientific rigor remains unclear. Abderhalden's drying pistol, used in chemistry, was first described by one of his students in a textbook Abderhalden edited.", "Q84706": "Fritz Lange (23 November 1898, Berlin \u2013 16 September 1981) was a Minister for national education in the German Democratic Republic (GDR).", "Q1031430": "Habsburg Netherlands (Dutch: Habsburgse Nederlanden; French: Pays-Bas des Habsbourg), also referred to as Belgica or Flanders, is the collective name of Holy Roman Empire fiefs in the Low Countries held by the House of Habsburg. The rule began in 1482, when the last Valois-Burgundy ruler of the Netherlands, Mary, married Maximilian I of Austria. Their grandson, Emperor Charles V, was born in the Habsburg Netherlands and made Brussels one of his capitals.Becoming the Seventeen Provinces in 1549, they were held by the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs within the Spanish Empire from 1556, and are therefore also known as the Spanish Netherlands from that time on. In 1581, the Seven United Provinces started a secession war that to form the Dutch Republic; the remaining Spanish Southern Netherlands became the Austrian Netherlands in 1714 and were annexed by the French First Republic in 1795.", "Q1583707": "St\u00e5le Storl\u00f8kken (born 22 February 1969 in Domb\u00e5s, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz musician (keyboards, organ and piano) and composer, known from co-operations with artists like Terje Rypdal, BigBang, Supersilent and Motorpsycho. He is married to the Norwegian singer Tone \u00c5se.", "Q336690": "Edward Cecil Guinness, 1st Earl of Iveagh, (10 November 1847 \u2013 7 October 1927) was an Irish businessman and philanthropist. A member of the prominent Anglo-Irish Guinness family, he was the head of the family's eponymous brewing business, making him the richest man in Ireland. A prominent philanthropist, he is best remembered for his provision of affordable housing in London and Dublin through charitable trusts.", "Q3933220": "Repton School is a mixed co-educational independent school, for pupils from ages 13 to 18, in Repton, Derbyshire, England, United Kingdom. The school was boys only until girls were admitted to the sixth form early in the 1970s, and by the 1990s it was fully co-educational.", "Q44244": "Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8santa \u02c8fe \u00f0e la \u02c8\u03b2e\u027ea \u02c8k\u027eus]; usually called just Santa Fe) is the capital city of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is situated in north-eastern Argentina, near the junction of the Paran\u00e1 and Salado rivers. It lies 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the Hernandarias Subfluvial Tunnel that connects it to the city of Paran\u00e1. The city is also connected by canal with the port of Colastin\u00e9 on the Paran\u00e1 River. Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz has about 391,164 inhabitants as per the 2010 census [INDEC]. The metropolitan area has a population of 653,073, making it the eighth largest in Argentina. The third largest city in Argentina is Rosario, also located in Santa Fe Province. Rosario has a population of 1.24 million and it is the largest city in Argentina not to be a provincial capital.\nSanta Fe de la Vera Cruz is linked to Rosario (170 km (106 mi) to the south), the largest city in the province, by the Brigadier Estanislao L\u00f3pez Highway and by National Route 11, which continues south towards Buenos Aires, and it is home to Sauce Viejo Airport with daily direct flights to Rosario and Aeroparque Jorge Newbery in Buenos Aires.", "Q106927": "Mariangela Melato (19 September 1941 \u2013 11 January 2013) was an Italian cinema and theater actress. She began her stage career in the 1960s. Her first film role was in Thomas e gli indemoniati (1969), directed by Pupi Avati. She played in many memorable films during the 1970s, a period which was considered her golden age, and she received much praise for her roles in films like The Seduction of Mimi (1972), Love and Anarchy (1973), Nada (1974), Swept Away by an Unusual Destiny in the Blue Sea of August (1974), Todo modo (1976), Caro Michele (1976) and Il gatto (1978). Melato also starred in several American productions as well. She died from pancreatic cancer at the age of 71.", "Q232384": "Carice Anouk van Houten (Dutch pronunciation: [ka\u02d0\u02c8ris a\u02d0\u02c8nuk f\u0251n \u02c8\u0266\u028cut\u0259(n)]; born 5 September 1976) is a Dutch actress and singer. Her first leading role in the television film Suzy Q (1999) won her the Golden Calf for Best Acting in a Television Drama; two years later, she won the Golden Calf for Best Actress for Undercover Kitty (2001).\nShe gained widespread recognition for her performance in Black Book (2006), the most commercially successful Dutch film to date, for which she won her second Golden Calf for Best Actress, in addition to nominations from the Chicago Film Critics Association, the European Film Academy, and the Online Film Critics Society. She was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress for Valkyrie (2008), and won her fourth and fifth Golden Calf Awards for Best Actress for The Happy Housewife (2010) and Black Butterflies (2011). Her other notable English-language performances include Repo Men (2010), Black Death (2010), and Brimstone (2016).\nVan Houten received international recognition for her recurring role as Melisandre on the HBO television series Game of Thrones (2012\u20132019), for which she received nominations for two Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series and a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series.", "Q722412": "Robert Dalban (born Gaston Barr\u00e9; 19 July 1903 in Celles-sur-Belle, Deux-S\u00e8vres \u2013 3 April 1987 in Paris) was a French actor. His work included stage acting, roles in TV shows and dubbing American stars. Moreover, he was a fixture in French cinema for many decades.\n\n", "Q660153": "Malix was a municipality in the district of Plessur in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Malix and Parpan merged into the municipality of Churwalden.", "Q1396637": "Matthias Maierhofer (born 8 December 1979 in Graz, Austria) is an Austrian organist and church musician.\n\n", "Q12002": "Alberto Lleras Camargo (3 July 1906 \u2013 4 January 1990) was the 20th President of Colombia (1958\u20131962), and the 1st Secretary General of the Organization of American States (1948\u20131954). A journalist and liberal party politician, he also served as Minister of Government, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and as Minister of National Education in the administrations of President Alfonso L\u00f3pez Pumarejo. He briefly attended the National University of Colombia in Bogot\u00e1 to study politics, but dropped out later to pursue journalism. \nLleras Camargo served as congressman of Colombia. He was also a cousin of later president Carlos Lleras Restrepo. He died in 1990 after suffering a long illness.", "Q225820": "Giulio Ricordi (19 December 1840 in Milan \u2013 6 June 1912 in Milan) was an Italian editor and musician who joined the family firm, the Casa Ricordi music publishing house, in 1863, then run by his father, Tito, the son of the company's founder Giovanni Ricordi. Upon his father's death in 1888, Giulio became the head of the company until his death.", "Q99031": "Volker Str\u00fcbing (born 22 April 1971 in Sondershausen, Thuringia) is a German book author and songwriter.", "Q300322": "A Band Called O were a band from Jersey, Channel Islands. Originally known as The Parlour Band, playing progressive rock, they renamed to A Band Called O for two albums on CBS/Epic and later to The O Band for further albums with UA. Despite issuing five albums, on three major labels, and being championed by John Peel, for whom they recorded four Peel Sessions, they had no chart success; but were a popular live act, who toured Britain and Europe.", "Q7669956": "TED Ankara College Foundation Schools is a group of private schools in Turkey. College consists of kindergarten, elementary, middle and high schools. TED Ankara College Foundation Schools Incek Campus is located in Ankara, Turkey.", "Q369394": "Richard John Colangelo (April 14, 1957 \u2013 March 10, 2007), better known by the stage name of Richard Jeni, was an American stand-up comedian and actor.", "Q620577": "Sir William Samuel Stephenson , (23 January 1897 \u2013 31 January 1989) was a Canadian soldier, airman, businessman, inventor, spymaster, and the senior representative of British Security Coordination (BSC) for the entire western hemisphere during World War II. He is best known by his wartime intelligence codename Intrepid. Many people consider him to be one of the real-life inspirations for James Bond. Ian Fleming himself once wrote, \"James Bond is a highly romanticized version of a true spy. The real thing is ... William Stephenson.\"As head of the British Security Coordination, Stephenson handed over British scientific secrets to Franklin D. Roosevelt and relayed American secrets to Winston Churchill. In addition, Stephenson has been credited with changing American public opinion from an isolationist stance to a supportive tendency regarding America's entry into World War II.\n\n", "Q549227": "Emanuel Gat is an Israeli choreographer of contemporary dance.\n\n", "Q162255": "The Terminator is a 1984 American science fiction film directed by James Cameron. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger as the Terminator, a cyborg assassin sent back in time from 2029 to 1984 to kill Sarah Connor (Linda Hamilton), whose son will one day become a savior against machines in a post-apocalyptic future. Michael Biehn plays Kyle Reese, a reverent soldier sent back in time to protect Sarah. The screenplay is credited to Cameron and producer Gale Anne Hurd, while co-writer William Wisher Jr. received a credit for additional dialogue. Executive producers John Daly and Derek Gibson of Hemdale Film Corporation were instrumental in financing and production.The Terminator topped the United States box office for two weeks and helped launch Cameron's film career and solidify Schwarzenegger's status as a leading man. Its success led to a franchise consisting of several sequels, a television series, comic books, novels and video games. In 2008, The Terminator was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Film Registry as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".\n\n", "Q124200": "Erik Martin (12 January 1936 in Neuss \u2013 25 April 2017) was a German writer, songwriter and composer of songs. He was the founder and editor of the literature and art magazine Muschelhaufen.", "Q559034": "Luis Mariano Ospina P\u00e9rez (24 November 1891 \u2013 14 April 1976), commonly known as Mariano Ospina P\u00e9rez, was a Colombian politician and a member of the Colombian Conservative Party. He served as the 17th President of Colombia between 1946 and 1950.", "Q68796": "Muzzano is a municipality in the district of Lugano, in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland.\n\n", "Q164624": "George Dzundza ( ZUUND-z\u0259; born July 19, 1945) is an American television and film actor.", "Q207307": "Robert Carlyle (born 14 April 1961) is a Scottish actor. His film work includes Trainspotting (1996), The Full Monty (1997), The World Is Not Enough (1999), and Angela's Ashes (1999). He has been in the television shows Hamish Macbeth, Stargate Universe, and Once Upon a Time. He won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for The Full Monty and a Gemini Award for Stargate Universe, and was nominated for an Emmy Award for his work in Human Trafficking (2005).", "Q49758": "The National-Democratic Party of Germany (German: National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands, NDPD) was an East German political party that served as a satellite party to the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) from 1948 to 1989, representing former members of the Nazi Party, the Wehrmacht and middle classes. It should not be confused with the National Democratic Party of Germany (Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands, NPD), which was a party in West Germany and continues as a minor non-governmental party in the modern united Germany.", "Q17142": "George I (Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u0384, Ge\u00f3rgios I; 24 December 1845 \u2013 18 March 1913) was King of Greece from 1863 until his assassination in 1913.\nOriginally a Danish prince, he was born in Copenhagen, and seemed destined for a career in the Royal Danish Navy. He was only 17 years old when he was elected king by the Greek National Assembly, which had deposed the unpopular former king Otto. His nomination was both suggested and supported by the Great Powers: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Second French Empire and the Russian Empire. He married Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia in 1867, and became the first monarch of a new Greek dynasty. Two of his sisters, Alexandra and Dagmar, married into the British and Russian royal families. King Edward VII and Tsar Alexander III were his brothers-in-law, and King George V, Tsar Nicholas II, King Christian X of Denmark and King Haakon VII of Norway were his nephews.\nGeorge's reign of almost 50 years (the longest in modern Greek history) was characterized by territorial gains as Greece established its place in pre-World War I Europe. Britain ceded the Ionian Islands peacefully in 1864, while Thessaly was annexed from the Ottoman Empire after the Russo-Turkish War (1877\u20131878). Greece was not always successful in its territorial ambitions; it was defeated in the Greco-Turkish War (1897). During the First Balkan War, after Greek troops had captured much of Greek Macedonia, George was assassinated in Thessaloniki. Compared with his own long tenure, the reigns of his successors Constantine I, Alexander, and George II proved short and insecure.", "Q868660": "Kingston is a city in and the county seat of Ulster County, New York, United States. It is 91 miles (146 km) north of New York City and 59 miles (95 km) south of Albany. The city's metropolitan area is grouped with the New York metropolitan area around Manhattan by the United States Census Bureau, \nIt became New York's first capital in 1777. During the American Revolutionary War, the city was burned by the British on October 13, 1777, after the Battles of Saratoga. \nIn the 19th century, the city became an important transport hub after the discovery of natural cement in the region. It had connections to other markets through both the railroad and canal connections. \nMany of the older buildings are considered contributing as part of three historic districts, including the Stockade District uptown, the Midtown Neighborhood Broadway Corridor, and the Rondout-West Strand Historic District downtown. Each district is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Q132462": "David Martin (born 26 August 1954) is a British Labour Party politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1984 to 2019, having first represented the Lothians constituency until 1999 and then for the Scotland constituency. He was the United Kingdom's longest serving MEP and the second longest serving MEP in the whole European Parliament. Since losing his seat, he has been appointed as co-convener of the Citizens' Assembly of Scotland.", "Q1677606": "Jacob Pieter Den Hartog (July 23, 1901 Ambarawa, Dutch East Indies \u2013 March 17, 1989) was a Dutch\u2013American mechanical engineer and Professor of Mechanical Engineering at MIT.\n\n", "Q935201": "Peretz Bernstein (Hebrew: \u05e4\u05e8\u05e5 \u05d1\u05e8\u05e0\u05e9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05df, born Shlomo Fritz Bernstein; 12 June 1890 \u2013 21 March 1971) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence.", "Q41304": "The Weimar Republic (German: Weimarer Republik [\u02c8va\u026ama\u0281\u0250 \u0281epu\u02c8bli\u02d0k] (listen)), officially the German Reich (German: Deutsches Reich) and also referred to as the German People's State (German: Deutscher Volksstaat) or simply the German Republic (German: Deutsche Republik) was the German state from 1918 to 1933. As a term, it is an unofficial historical designation that derives its name from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place. The official name of the republic remained that of the German Reich from the German Empire because of the German tradition of substates. Although commonly translated as \"German Empire\", Reich here better translates as \"realm\" in that the term does not necessarily have monarchical connotations in itself. The Reich was changed from a constitutional monarchy into a republic. In English, the country was usually known simply as Germany and the Weimar Republic name became mainstream only in the 1930s.\nGermany became a de facto republic on 9 November 1918 when Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated the German and Prussian thrones with no agreement made on a succession by his son Crown Prince Wilhelm, and became a de jure republic in February 1919 when the position of President of Germany was created. A national assembly was convened in Weimar, where a new constitution for Germany was written and adopted on 11 August 1919. In its fourteen years, the Weimar Republic faced numerous problems, including hyperinflation, political extremism (with contending paramilitaries) as well as contentious relationships with the victors of the First World War. Resentment in Germany towards the Treaty of Versailles was strong especially on the political right where there was great anger towards those who had signed and submitted to the treaty. The Weimar Republic fulfilled most of the requirements of the Treaty of Versailles although it never completely met its disarmament requirements and eventually paid only a small portion of the war reparations (by twice restructuring its debt through the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan). Under the Locarno Treaties, Germany accepted the western borders of the country by abandoning irredentist claims on France and Belgium, but continued to dispute the eastern borders and sought to persuade Austria to join Germany as one of Germany's states.\nFrom 1930 onwards, President Paul von Hindenburg used emergency powers to back Chancellors Heinrich Br\u00fcning, Franz von Papen and General Kurt von Schleicher. The Great Depression, exacerbated by Br\u00fcning's policy of deflation, led to a surge in unemployment. In 1933, Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor with the Nazi Party being part of a coalition government. The Nazis held two out of the remaining ten cabinet seats. Von Papen as Vice Chancellor was intended to be the \"\u00e9minence grise\" who would keep Hitler under control, using his close personal connection to Hindenburg. Within months, the Reichstag Fire Decree and the Enabling Act of 1933 had brought about a state of emergency as it wiped out constitutional governance and civil liberties. Hitler's seizure of power (Machtergreifung) was permissive of government by decree without legislative participation. These events brought the republic to an end\u2014as democracy collapsed, the founding of a single-party state began the dictatorship of the Nazi era.\n\n", "Q458458": "Henry Grantland Rice (November 1, 1880 \u2013 July 13, 1954) was an early 20th-century American sportswriter known for his elegant prose. His writing was published in newspapers around the country and broadcast on the radio.\n\n", "Q55371": "Jerzy Bo\u0144czak (born July 29, 1949 in Bie\u017cu\u0144) is a Polish actor. He appeared in the television series Aby do \u015bwitu... in 1992. He also played Daniel Czapli\u0144ski in the Polish movie With Fire and Sword. \n\n", "Q447578": "Karen Moustgaard Jespersen (born 17 January 1947 in Copenhagen) is a Danish journalist and former politician representing the party Venstre.", "Q121378": "Corfu (, also US: ) or Kerkyra (Greek: \u039a\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1, romanized: K\u00e9rkyra, pronounced [\u02c8cercira] (listen); Ancient Greek: \u039a\u03cc\u03c1\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1, romanized: K\u00f3rkyra, pronounced [k\u00f3rkyra]; Medieval Greek: \u039a\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ce, romanized: Koryf\u00f3; Latin: Corcyra) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the second largest of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the margin of the northwestern frontier of Greece. The island is part of the Corfu regional unit, and is administered by three municipalities with the islands of Othonoi, Ereikoussa and Mathraki. The principal city of the island (pop. 32,095) is also named Corfu. Corfu is home to the Ionian University.\nThe island is bound up with the history of Greece from the beginnings of Greek mythology. Its history is full of battles and conquests. Ancient Korkyra took part in the Battle of Sybota which was a catalyst for the Peloponnesian War, and, according to Thucydides, the largest naval battle between Greek city states until that time. Thucydides also reports that Korkyra was one of the three great naval powers of fifth century BC Greece, along with Athens and Corinth. Ruins of ancient Greek temples and other archaeological sites of the ancient city of Korkyra are found in Palaiopolis. Medieval castles punctuating strategic locations across the island are a legacy of struggles in the Middle Ages against invasions by pirates and the Ottomans. Two of these castles enclose its capital, which is the only city in Greece to be surrounded in such a way. As a result, Corfu's capital has been officially declared a Kastropolis (\"castle city\") by the Greek government. From medieval times and into the 17th century, the island, having successfully repulsed the Ottomans during several sieges, was recognised as a bulwark of the European States against the Ottoman Empire and became one of the most fortified places in Europe. The fortifications of the island were used by the Venetians to defend against Ottoman intrusion into the Adriatic. Corfu eventually fell under British rule following the Napoleonic Wars, and was eventually ceded to Greece by the British Empire along with the remaining islands of the United States of the Ionian Islands. Unification with modern Greece was concluded in 1864 under the Treaty of London. Corfu is the origin of the Ionian Academy, the first university of the modern Greek state, and the Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corf\u00f9, the first Greek theatre and opera house of modern Greece. The first governor of independent Greece after the revolution of 1821, founder of the modern Greek state, and distinguished European diplomat Ioannis Kapodistrias was born in Corfu.\nIn 2007, the city's old town was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List, following a recommendation by ICOMOS. The 1994 European Union summit was held in Corfu. The island is a very popular tourist destination.", "Q744977": "Carmela Remigio (born 1973) is an Italian operatic soprano.", "Q298341": "Raymond Kurzweil ( KURZ-wyle; born February 12, 1948) is an American inventor and futurist. He is involved in fields such as optical character recognition (OCR), text-to-speech synthesis, speech recognition technology, and electronic keyboard instruments. He has written books on health, artificial intelligence (AI), transhumanism, the technological singularity, and futurism. Kurzweil is a public advocate for the futurist and transhumanist movements, and gives public talks to share his optimistic outlook on life extension technologies and the future of nanotechnology, robotics, and biotechnology.\nKurzweil received the 1999 National Medal of Technology and Innovation, the United States' highest honor in technology, from President Clinton in a White House ceremony. He was the recipient of the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize for 2001. And in 2002 he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame, established by the U.S. Patent Office. He has received 21 honorary doctorates, and honors from three U.S. presidents. The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) included Kurzweil as one of 16 \"revolutionaries who made America\" along with other inventors of the past two centuries. Inc. magazine ranked him #8 among the \"most fascinating\" entrepreneurs in the United States and called him \"Edison's rightful heir\".Kurzweil has written seven books, five of which have been national bestsellers. The Age of Spiritual Machines has been translated into 9 languages and was the #1 best-selling book on Amazon in science. Kurzweil's 2005 book The Singularity Is Near was a New York Times bestseller, and has been the #1 book on Amazon in both science and philosophy. Kurzweil speaks widely to audiences both public and private and regularly delivers keynote speeches at industry conferences like DEMO, SXSW, and TED. He maintains the news website KurzweilAI.net, which has over three million readers annually.Kurzweil has been employed by Google since 2012, where he is a \"director of engineering\".\n\n", "Q659932": "Luchsingen is a village, and former municipality, in the municipality of Glarus S\u00fcd and canton of Glarus in Switzerland.", "Q3180860": "John A. Young (born April 24, 1932) is an American business executive. He was chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard from 1978 to 1992. He also formerly served as a director of Wells Fargo & Company.", "Q7504": "Ir\u00e8ne Joliot-Curie (French: [i\u0281\u025bn \u0292\u0254ljo ky\u0281i] (listen); 12 September 1897 \u2013 17 March 1956) was a French chemist, physicist, and a politician of Polish ancestry, the daughter of Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, and the wife of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Joliot-Curie. Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of artificial radioactivity. This made the Curies the family with the most Nobel laureates to date. She was also one of the first three women to be a member of a French government, becoming undersecretary for Scientific Research, under the Popular Front in 1936. Both children of the Joliot-Curies, H\u00e9l\u00e8ne and Pierre, are also esteemed scientists.In 1945, she was one of the six commissioners of the new French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) created by de Gaulle and the Provisional Government of the French Republic. She died in Paris on 17 March 1956 from an acute leukemia linked to her exposure to polonium and X-rays, the same disease that had killed her mother.", "Q179113": "Sebastian Spreng (born April 6, 1956) is an Argentine-American visual artist and music journalist.", "Q2578963": "William Giles (27 December 1791 \u2013 11 May 1862), occasionally referred to as William Giles, sen. to distinguish him from his eldest son, was the third colonial manager of the South Australian Company, and a South Australian politician, who was prominent in the founding of the colony of South Australia.", "Q72916": "Hermann Giesler (2 April 1898, Siegen \u2013 20 January 1987, D\u00fcsseldorf) was a German architect during the Nazi era, one of the two architects most favoured and rewarded by Adolf Hitler (the other being Albert Speer).", "Q98317": "Kurt B\u00fcrger (August 27, 1894 in Karlsruhe, Baden as Karl Ganz \u2013 July 28, 1951 in Schwerin) was a German politician. From 1912 to 1918, he was a representative of the Social Democratic Party. In 1919, he was a cofounder of the Communist Party of Germany. After World War II, he became a member of the East German Socialist Unity Party and served as minister-president of the East German state of Mecklenburg in 1951.", "Q34943": "Claudius Ptolemy (; Koin\u0113 Greek: \u039a\u03bb\u03b1\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2, Kla\u00fadios Ptolema\u00eeos [kl\u00e1wdios ptol\u025bm\u025b\u0301os]; Latin: Claudius Ptolemaeus; c.\u2009AD 100 \u2013 c.\u2009170) was a Greek mathematician, astronomer, geographer and astrologer. He lived in the city of Alexandria in the Roman province of Egypt under the rule of the Roman Empire, had a Latin name (which several historians have taken to imply he was also a Roman citizen), cited Greek philosophers, and used Babylonian observations and Babylonian lunar theory. The 14th-century astronomer Theodore Meliteniotes gave his birthplace as the prominent Greek city Ptolemais Hermiou (Greek: \u03a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u0390\u03c2 \u2018\u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5) in the Thebaid (Greek: \u0398\u03b7\u03b2\u03b1\u0390\u03b4\u03b1 [\u0398\u03b7\u03b2\u03b1\u0390\u03c2]). This attestation is quite late, however, and there is no other evidence to confirm or contradict it. He died in Alexandria around AD 168.Ptolemy wrote several scientific treatises, three of which were of importance to later Byzantine, Islamic and Western European science. The first is the astronomical treatise now known as the Almagest, although it was originally entitled the Mathematical Treatise (\u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03c2, Math\u0113matik\u0113 Syntaxis) and then known as the Great Treatise (\u1f29 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03c2, H\u0113 Meg\u00e1l\u0113 Syntaxis). The second is the Geography, which is a thorough discussion of the geographic knowledge of the Greco-Roman world. The third is the astrological treatise in which he attempted to adapt horoscopic astrology to the Aristotelian natural philosophy of his day. This is sometimes known as the Apotelesmatika (\u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac) but more commonly known as the Tetrabiblos from the Greek (\u03a4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2) meaning \"Four Books\" or by the Latin Quadripartitum.", "Q340058": "Jalla! Jalla! is a Swedish comedy film, which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 22 December 2000 directed by Josef Fares starring Fares Fares, Torkel Petersson, Tuva Novotny and Laleh Pourkarim as the main roles. It was the debut film by Josef Fares and one of his most well-known. The film received eight nominations and won four, including Best Film.\n\u201cJalla! Jalla!\u201d is Arabic for \u201cCome on!\u201d or \u201cHurry up!\u201d.", "Q97742": "K. Ludwig Pfeiffer is a German scholar in literary, media and cultural studies, born on February 23, 1944 in Neustadt an der Aisch, Middle Franconia, Germany. Besides his own publications, he is the editor and co-editor of 14 volumes in various research disciplines.", "Q98471": "Roger Lewentz (born 19 March 1963) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).\n\n", "Q1516254": "Pacific Jazz Records was a Los Angeles-based record company and label best known for cool jazz or West coast jazz. It was founded in 1952 by producer Richard Bock (1927\u20131988) and drummer Roy Harte (1924\u20132003). Harte, in 1954, also co-founded Nocturne Records with jazz bassist Harry Babasin (1921\u20131988).Some of the musicians who recorded for Pacific Jazz included Chet Baker, Paul Desmond, Gerry Mulligan, Joe Pass, Gerald Wilson, the Jazz Crusaders, Don Ellis, Clare Fischer, Jim Hall, Groove Holmes, Les McCann, Wes Montgomery, and Art Pepper.In 1957, Pacific Jazz Records changed its name to World Pacific Records to expand into a full-line label, with the Pacific Jazz label retained for jazz releases.In 1958 Richard Bock and World Pacific were instrumental in introducing Indian traditional music to the west via Ravi Shankar, who also recorded for World Pacific.Bock sold the label to Liberty Records in 1965, though he remained as an adviser until 1970. Liberty was bought by EMI in 1980. Mosaic reissued some Pacific Jazz material in the late 1980s, as did Blue Note when it gained control of the catalogue in the 1990s.", "Q87551": "Erwin Julius Busta (April 12, 1905 \u2013 1982) was an Austrian SS-Hauptscharf\u00fchrer and concentration camp functionary. During World War II Busta was also closely associated with the German V-weapons program; serving on the SS staff at the Peenem\u00fcnde Army Research Center and the V-2 rocket production facility at Mittelwerk. He was convicted of war crimes by a West German court in 1970.", "Q1026612": "Mystic Production is one of the largest Polish independent record labels. It was founded by Barbara Miku\u0142a in 1995 in Ska\u0142a near Cracow.\nThe company was initially releasing and distributing heavy metal music, including early albums by artists such as Sceptic, Asgaard and Virgin Snatch. It has since expanded and has been releasing rock, punk rock, alternative rock, progressive rock and pop artists, and its roster currently includes names such as Behemoth, Acid Drinkers, Coma, Czes\u0142aw \u015apiewa, Grzegorz Turnau, Gaba Kulka, Happysad and KSU, among others.Mystic Production operates also in Czech Republic and Slovakia with office in Horn\u00ed Such\u00e1.Since 1996 label owns and runs Mystic Art music magazine (ISSN 1427-5538).", "Q446100": "Hulchul (translated: Commotion) is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy-drama film directed by Priyadarshan. The story is adapted from the 1991 Malayalam film Godfather and Marathi film \"Ghayaal\". The film has a huge star cast including Akshaye Khanna, Kareena Kapoor, Arshad Warsi, Sunil Shetty, Amrish Puri, Paresh Rawal, Jackie Shroff, Arbaaz Khan, Shakti Kapoor, Farha Naaz, and Laxmi.", "Q609863": "Mahmud Baksi (Mahm\u00fbd Baks\u00ee), (16 September 1944 \u2013 19 December 2000), was a Kurdish writer and journalist. He was born in the village of Suph\u00ee in Batman Province in Turkey. He began to publish a newspaper titled Batman Gazetesi in 1967. He became the head of the Batman branch of the Workers Party of Turkey. From 1968 to 1970, he became involved in the labor union movement of Turkey. Around the same period, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison for promoting Kurdish nationalism. In 1970, he fled to Germany and later to Sweden where he stayed until his death. He is buried in Diyarbak\u0131r. He is the uncle of Nalin Pekgul who have been active at the Swedish socialdemocratic party and journalist Kurdo Baksi.", "Q204168": "Lorrie Moore (born Marie Lorena Moore; January 13, 1957) is an American fiction writer known mainly for her humorous and poignant short stories.", "Q45604": "Kandahar () or Qandahar (Pashto: \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u200e; Dari: \u0642\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u200e; known in older literature as Candahar) is a city located in Afghanistan, with a population of about 614,118. Kandahar is located in the south of the country on the Arghandab River, at an elevation of 1,010 m (3,310 ft). It is the capital of Kandahar Province, and also the center of the larger cultural region called Loy Kandahar. In 1709, Mirwais Hotak made the region an independent kingdom and turned Kandahar into the capital of the Hotak dynasty. In 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani, founder of the Durrani dynasty, made Kandahar the capital of the Afghan Empire.Kandahar is one of the most culturally significant cities of the Pashtuns and has been their traditional seat of power for more than 300 years. It is a major trading center for sheep, wool, cotton, silk, felt, food grains, fresh and dried fruit, and tobacco. The region produces fine fruits, especially pomegranates and grapes, and the city has plants for canning, drying, and packing fruit, and is a major source of marijuana and hashish en route to Tajikistan.\nThe region around Kandahar is one of the oldest known human settlements. A major fortified city existed at the site of Kandahar, probably as early as c. 1000\u2013750 BCE, and it became an important outpost of the Achaemenid (Persian) Empire in the 6th century BCE. Alexander the Great had laid-out the foundation of what is now Old Kandahar in the 4th century BC and gave it the Ancient Greek name \u0391\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 A\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (Alexandria of Arachosia). Many empires have long fought over the city due to its strategic location along the trade routes of southern, central and western Asia. Since the 1978 Marxist revolution, the city has been a magnet for groups such as Haqqani network, Quetta Shura, Hezbi Islami, al-Qaeda and other terrorist groups. From late-1996 to 2001, it served as the de facto capital of the Taliban government until the Taliban were overthrown by US-led NATO forces during Operation Enduring Freedom in late-2001 and replaced by the government of President Hamid Karzai.", "Q91333": "Jakob Tiedtke (23 June 1875 \u2013 30 June 1960) was a German film actor. He appeared in more than 190 films between 1914 and 1955.", "Q64812": "Lothar Bolz (3 September 1903 \u2013 28 December 1986) was an East German politician. From 1953 to 1965 he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of East Germany (GDR).", "Q1398144": "Warren Martin Anderson (November 29, 1921 \u2013 September 29, 2014) was an American businessman who was Chair and CEO of the Union Carbide Corporation at the time of the Bhopal disaster in 1984.", "Q238691": "Princess Lalla Salma (born Salma Bennani (Arabic: \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u200e, Amazigh: \u2d4d\u2d30\u2d4d\u2d4d\u2d30 \u2d59\u2d4d\u2d4e\u2d30); 10 May 1978) is the princess consort of Morocco. She is married to King Mohammed VI, and the first wife of a Moroccan ruler to have been publicly acknowledged and given a royal title. After not being spotted by the media between December 2017 and April 2018, it was speculated that she had divorced and had gone into hiding.", "Q70867": "Kurt Riezler (February 11, 1882 \u2013 September 5, 1955) was a German philosopher and diplomat. A top-level cabinet adviser in the German Empire and the Weimar Republic, he negotiated Germany's underwriting of Russia's October Revolution and authored the 1914 September Program which outlined German war aims during World War I. The posthumous publication of his secret notes and diaries played a role in the \"Fischer Controversy\" among German historians in the early 1960s.", "Q313366": "Alban Uzoma Nwapa (born 26 August 1957), better known by his stage name Dr. Alban, is a Swedish recording artist and producer with his own record label, Dr. Records. His music can best be described as a Eurodance/hip-hop reggae in a dancehall style. He sold an estimated 16 million records worldwide and is most famous for his worldwide 1992 hit \"It's My Life\" which was one of the songs from the album One Love.", "Q1383202": "Leo White (November 10, 1882 \u2013 September 20, 1948), Leo Weiss, was a German-born British-American film and stage actor who appeared as a character actor in many Charlie Chaplin films.", "Q5475": "Treviso (US: tray-VEE-zoh, Italian: [tre\u02c8vi\u02d0zo] (listen); Venetian: Trevixo) is a city and comune in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 84,669 inhabitants (as of September 2017):. Some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls (le Mura) or in the historical and monumental center; some 80,000 live in the urban center while the city hinterland has a population of approximately 170,000..\nThe city is home to the headquarters of clothing retailer Benetton, Sisley, Stefanel, Geox, Diadora and Lotto Sport Italia, appliance maker De'Longhi, and bicycle maker Pinarello.Treviso is also known for being the original production area of Prosecco wine and radicchio, and is thought to have been the origin of the popular Italian dessert Tiramis\u00f9.", "Q95155": "Rayner Stephens Unwin CBE (23 December 1925 \u2013 23 November 2000) was an English publisher, who served as the chairman of the publishing firm George Allen & Unwin, which had been founded by his father Sir Stanley Unwin.", "Q867235": "Anthony Bryan Hayward (born 21 May 1957) is a British businessman and former chief executive of oil and energy company BP. He replaced John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley, on 1 May 2007. His tenure ended on 1 October 2010 when he was replaced by Bob Dudley following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. He has been chairman of Glencore Xstrata since May 2014.", "Q85346": "Alexander Zach (born 10 September 1976) is an Austrian politician and former member of the Austrian Parliament (2006 \u2013 2008). He has been the head of the Liberal Forum from 2001 to 2008. Although his party did not run the elections of 2006, Zach was given a seat on the SP\u00d6 as a result of an alliance whose aim was forestalling another term of Wolfgang Sch\u00fcssel as chancellor. Only five days before the Austrian legislative elections in September 2008 Zach resigned his position as head of his party after being accused of lobbying for EADS.\n\n", "Q3004": "Ingolstadt (US: ING-g\u0259l-s(h)taht, German: [\u02c8\u0294\u026a\u014b\u0261\u0254l\u02cc\u0283tat] (listen), Austro-Bavarian: [\u02c8\u0294\u026a\u014bl\u0329\u0283t\u0254\u02d0d]) is a city in Bavaria, Germany, on the banks of the Danube, in the centre of Bavaria. In 2016, it had 133,638 citizens, making it the fifth largest city in Bavaria. It is part of the Munich Metropolitan Region.\nThe Illuminati, an Age of Enlightenment secret society, was founded in Ingolstadt in the late 18th century.\nIngolstadt is a setting in the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, where the scientist Victor Frankenstein creates his monster.\nIt is the site of the headquarters of the German automobile manufacturer Audi, defence aircraft manufacturer Airbus (formerly Cassidian Air Systems), and electronic stores Media Markt and Saturn.\nIngolstadt Central Station has been connected to Nuremberg by a high-speed rail link since May 2006. Ingolstadt also has a second passenger station at Ingolstadt Nord.", "Q238849": "Kelsey Asbille Chow (born September 9, 1991) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Mikayla in the Disney XD sitcom Pair of Kings. From 2005 to 2009, she had a recurring role as Gigi Silveri on the drama One Tree Hill. She portrayed Tracy Stewart in MTV's Teen Wolf from 2015\u20132016.", "Q303": "Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 \u2013 August 16, 1977), also known simply as Elvis, was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as the \"King of Rock and Roll\" or simply \"The King\".\nPresley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old. His music career began there in 1954, recording at Sun Records with producer Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of African-American music to a wider audience. Presley, on rhythm acoustic guitar, and accompanied by lead guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, was a pioneer of rockabilly, an uptempo, backbeat-driven fusion of country music and rhythm and blues. In 1955, drummer D. J. Fontana joined to complete the lineup of Presley's classic quartet and RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, who would manage him for more than two decades. Presley's first RCA single, \"Heartbreak Hotel\", was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. With a series of successful network television appearances and chart-topping records, he became the leading figure of the newly popular sound of rock and roll. His energized interpretations of songs and sexually provocative performance style, combined with a singularly potent mix of influences across color lines during a transformative era in race relations, made him enormously popular\u2014and controversial.\nIn November 1956, Presley made his film debut in Love Me Tender. Drafted into military service in 1958, Presley relaunched his recording career two years later with some of his most commercially successful work. He held few concerts however, and guided by Parker, proceeded to devote much of the 1960s to making Hollywood films and soundtrack albums, most of them critically derided. In 1968, following a seven-year break from live performances, he returned to the stage in the acclaimed television comeback special Elvis, which led to an extended Las Vegas concert residency and a string of highly profitable tours. In 1973, Presley gave the first concert by a solo artist to be broadcast around the world, Aloha from Hawaii. Years of prescription drug abuse severely compromised his health, and he died suddenly in 1977 at his Graceland estate at the age of 42.\nPresley is the best-selling solo music artist of all time. He was commercially successful in many genres, including pop, country, R&B, adult contemporary, and gospel. He won three Grammys, received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. He holds the records for the most RIAA certified Gold and Platinum albums. In 2018, Presley was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.", "Q1853381": "Tewodros Kassahun Germamo (Amharic: \u1274\u12ce\u12f5\u122e\u1235 \u12ab\u1233\u1201\u1295 \u1308\u122d\u121b\u121e; born July 14, 1976), known professionally as Teddy Afro, is an Ethiopian singer-songwriter. He is known for using his music to comment on the political climate of Africa, particularly his native Ethiopia.. His 2017 song \"Ethiopia\" has over 17 million views on YouTube.\n\n", "Q48320": "Kobe ( KOH-bee, -\u2060bay; Japanese: [ko\ua71c\u02d0be]; officially \u795e\u6238\u5e02, K\u014dbe-shi) is the seventh-largest city in Japan and the capital city of Hy\u014dgo Prefecture. It is located on the southern side of the main island of Honsh\u016b, on the north shore of Osaka Bay and about 30 km (19 mi) west of Osaka. With a population around 1.5 million, the city is part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kyoto.The earliest written records regarding the region come from the Nihon Shoki, which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jing\u016b in AD 201. For most of its history, the area was never a single political entity, even during the Tokugawa period, when the port was controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate. Kobe did not exist in its current form until its founding in 1889. Its name comes from Kanbe (\u795e\u6238, an archaic title for supporters of the city's Ikuta Shrine). Kobe became one of Japan's designated cities in 1956.\nKobe was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the 1853 end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan and nuclear-free zone port city. While the 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake diminished much of Kobe's prominence as a port city, it remains Japan's fourth-busiest container port. Companies headquartered in Kobe include ASICS, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and Kobe Steel, as well as over 100 international corporations with Asian or Japanese headquarters in the city, such as Eli Lilly and Company, Procter & Gamble, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Nestl\u00e9. The city is the point of origin and namesake of Kobe beef, as well as the site of one of Japan's most famous hot spring resorts, Arima Onsen.", "Q777403": "Washington University in St. Louis (WashU, or WUSTL) is a private research university in Greater St. Louis with its main campus (Danforth) mostly in unincorporated St. Louis County, Missouri and Clayton, Missouri. It also has a West Campus in Clayton, North Campus in the West End neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri, and Medical Campus in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri.Founded in 1853, and named after George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries. As of 2019, 24 Nobel laureates in economics, physiology and medicine, chemistry, and physics have been affiliated with Washington University, nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university. In 2019, Clarivate Analytics ranked Washington University 7th in the world for most cited researchers.Washington University is made up of seven graduate and undergraduate schools that encompass a broad range of academic fields. To prevent confusion over its location, the Board of Trustees added the phrase \"in St. Louis\" in 1976. Washington University is a member of the Association of American Universities.Washington University received the 4th highest amount of NIH medical research grants among medical schools in 2019. The university was ranked as tied for 1st in the United States for genetics and genomics alongside Stanford and MIT by U.S. News & World Report in 2018.\n\n", "Q1074632": "Jean-Cyril Spinetta (born 4 October 1943) is a French businessman and formerly chairman of the airline holding company Air France-KLM Group and chairm of the nuclear company AREVA.", "Q312078": "Speed Racer is a 2008 sports action comedy film written, co-produced and directed by the Wachowskis and based on the 1960s anime and manga series of the same name. Starring Emile Hirsch, Christina Ricci, John Goodman, Susan Sarandon, Matthew Fox, Roger Allam, Benno F\u00fcrmann, Hiroyuki Sanada, Rain and Richard Roundtree, it is an American-German venture produced by Village Roadshow Pictures, Silver Pictures, Anarchos Productions, Velocity Productions and Studio Babelsberg, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. The plot revolves around Speed Racer, an 18-year-old automobile racer who follows his apparently deceased brother's career. His choice to remain loyal to his family and their company Racer Motors causes difficulties after he refuses a contract offered by E.P. Arnold Royalton, the owner of Royalton Industries.\nThe film had been in development hell since 1992, having changed actors and filmmakers until in 2006 when producer Joel Silver and the Wachowskis collaborated to begin production on Speed Racer as a family film. Speed Racer was shot in and around Potsdam and Berlin from June to August 2007. Michael Giacchino composed the film's score.\nSpeed Racer premiered on April 26, 2008 at the Nokia Theater, followed by its general theatrical release on May 9, 2008. The film was a box office bomb, grossing only $93 million worldwide on a $120 million budget plus marketing. The film received negative reviews for its storyline, characters, dialogue and use of special effects, while also receiving praise for its score, its capacity to entertain the target audience and the performance of its cast. It was subsequently nominated in multiple categories at the Teen Choice Awards as well as the Golden Raspberry Awards. In the years since its release, Speed Racer has garnered a cult following with some commentators calling it an \"underrated\" film.\n\n", "Q250539": "Edward Heward Bunker (December 31, 1933 \u2013 July 19, 2005) was an American author of crime fiction, a screenwriter, convicted felon and an actor. He wrote numerous books, some of which have been adapted into films. He was a screenwriter on Straight Time (1978), Runaway Train (1985) and Animal Factory (2000), as well as acting in those three films.\nHe started on a criminal career at the very early age of five, and continued on this path throughout the years, returning to prison again and again. He was convicted of bank robbery, drug dealing, extortion, armed robbery, and forgery. A repeating pattern of convictions, paroles, releases and escapes, further crimes and new convictions continued until he was released yet again from prison in 1975, at which point he finally left his criminal days permanently behind. Bunker stayed out of jail thereafter, and instead focused on his career as a writer and actor. In early 1999 he bought a taxi company in Kingston Ontario named Modern Taxi with his long time friend David Whickham. He later went on to sell his half of the company to Mr. Whickham after a falling out and his then ex wife Angie Furgusson each receiving 25% of the company at the time. The taxi company would later become the leading taxi company in Kingston having a high reputation for helping the less fortunate delivering all peoples needs to their front door. Towards the end of his life and having a passion for real estate he purchased a motel in Kingston named \u201cThe Lord Nelson Motel\u201d and also purchasing an old Inn on Wolf Island that was featured on a PC only game called \u201cThe Man with the Crooked Neck: Have you checked the Innnn?\u201d His falling out with Dave came after Bunker had lost his license and needed to get around. He hired Whickham to be his personal taxi driver. Bunker and Whickham agreed that Bunker would give him cheques that Whickham could later cash for the amount of taxi rides. After trying to cash a cheque and it bouncing twice Whickham and Bunkers friendship quickly ended. Later on during and interview with the \"Kingston Wig\" Whickham stated that Bunker was a \u201cGoof,\" and would call him several times a night for a ride or delivery. They spoke periodically after that whenever Bunker was in town.", "Q546672": "Sigri\u00f0 av Skar\u00f0i Joensen, also Sigri\u00f0 av Skar\u00f0i, (May 12, 1908 \u2013 July 3, 1975) was a Faroese journalist, teacher, and feminist.", "Q1440760": "Runaway Brain is a 1995 American one-reel animated cartoon produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation. Featuring Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse, the short centers on Mickey attempting to earn money to pay for an anniversary gift for Minnie. He applies as a lab assistant for Dr. Frankenollie but finds he is looking for a donor to switch brains with the monster he created. Featuring animation by animator Andreas Deja, it was first released in 1995 attached to North American theatrical showings of A Kid in King Arthur's Court, in 1996 attached to international theatrical showings of A Goofy Movie and in 1999 attached to Australian theatrical showings of Toy Story 2. It would be the final original Mickey Mouse theatrical animated short until Get a Horse! in 2013.\nAlthough receiving a controversial reception among audiences, the short was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 68th Academy Awards, losing to the Wallace and Gromit short A Close Shave. Later references to the cartoon have been made in Disney related media such as the video game Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance.", "Q498668": "Andreas Kalvos (Greek: \u1f08\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03ac\u03bb\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2, also spelled Andreas Calvos; 1 April 1792 \u2013 November 3, 1869) was a Greek poet of the Romantic school. He published five volumes of poetry and drama - Canzone... (1811), Le Danaidi (1818), Elpis patridos (1818), Lyra (1824) and New odes (1826). He was a contemporary of the poets Ugo Foscolo and Dionysios Solomos. He was among the representatives of the Heptanese School of literature. No portrait of him is known to exist.", "Q70873": "Inge Aicher-Scholl (11 August 1917 \u2013 4 September 1998), born in present-day Crailsheim, Germany, was the daughter of Robert Scholl, mayor of Forchtenberg, and elder sister of Hans and Sophie Scholl, who studied at the University of Munich in 1942, and were core members of the White Rose student resistance movement in Nazi Germany. Inge Scholl wrote several books about the White Rose after the war.", "Q536381": "Edna Staebler, (January 15, 1906 \u2013 September 12, 2006) was a Canadian author and award-winning literary journalist, best known for her series of cookbooks, particularly Food That Really Schmecks which is currently available in e-book form. While the book contains Mennonite recipes, the content also includes stories and anecdotes about life and home cooking in the rural areas of the Waterloo Region.", "Q942923": "Roy Marcus Cohn (; February 20, 1927 \u2013 August 2, 1986) was an American lawyer best known for being Senator Joseph McCarthy's chief counsel during the Army\u2013McCarthy hearings in 1954, for assisting with McCarthy's investigations of suspected communists, and as a top political fixer.Born in New York City and educated at Columbia University, Cohn rose to prominence as a U.S. Department of Justice prosecutor at the espionage trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, which concluded with the Rosenbergs' executions in 1953. As McCarthy's chief counsel, Cohn came to be closely associated with McCarthyism and its downfall. He also represented and mentored real estate developer and later President of the United States Donald Trump during his early business career.\nIn 1986, Cohn was disbarred from the Appellate Division of the New York State Supreme Court for unethical conduct after attempting to defraud a dying client by forcing the client to sign a will amendment leaving him his fortune. Cohn died five weeks later from AIDS-related complications.", "Q465915": "Joana Zimmer (born October 27, 1982 (1982-10-27); Freiburg im Breisgau, West Germany) is a German pop music singer, often compared to Celine Dion or Barry Manilow. Zimmer is blind.", "Q4342294": "Bo Hi Pak (August 18, 1930 \u2013 January 12, 2019 in Korea. Korean: \ubc15\ubcf4\ud76c/\u6734\u666e\u7199) was a prominent member of the Unification Church. During the 1970s and 1980s, he was a major leader in the church movement, leading projects such as newspapers (notably the Washington Times), schools, performing arts projects, political projects such as the anti-communist organization CAUSA International, and was president of the Unification Church International 1977\u20131991. He was also the president of Little Angels Children's Folk Ballet of Korea.", "Q270825": "Mar\u00eda Antonia Iglesias Gonz\u00e1lez (15 January 1945 \u2013 July 29, 2014) was a Spanish writer and journalist.\nIglesias was born in Madrid. Her father was the famous pianist and musicologist Antonio Iglesias \u00c1lvarez, and she worked on publications such as Informaciones, Triunfo,Tiempo, Intervi\u00fa, or El Pa\u00eds'.\nIglesias said in many media that although she was Catholic she did not agree with many attitudes of the current Roman Catholic Church. She died in Panx\u00f3n, Nigr\u00e1n, Province of Pontevedra, aged 69.", "Q208746": "Nathaniel Parker (born 18 May 1962) is an English stage and screen actor best known for playing the lead in the BBC crime drama series The Inspector Lynley Mysteries, and Agravaine de Bois in the fourth series of Merlin.", "Q861888": "Oregon State University (OSU) is a public research university in Corvallis, Oregon. The university offers more than 200 undergraduate degree programs along with a variety of graduate and doctoral degrees. With a student enrollment approaching 32,000, it is Oregon's largest university. More than 230,000 students have graduated from OSU since its founding. The Carnegie Foundation designates Oregon State University as a \"Community Engagement\" university and classifies it as a doctoral university with a status of \"Highest research activity\".OSU is one of 73 land-grant universities in the United States. The school is also a sea-grant, space-grant, and sun-grant institution, making it one of only four U.S. institutions to obtain all four designations. (University of Hawaii at Manoa, Cornell University and Pennsylvania State University are the only others with similar designation.) OSU received $441 million in research funding for the 2017 fiscal year.", "Q85352": "Raina A. Mercedes Echerer (born 16 May 1963 in Linz) is an Austrian film and stage actress, host of TV and radio shows, and politician.\nFrom 1999 to 2004 she was Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Austrian Green Party, part of the European Greens, although she was not member of the party. During her term she was member of the Committee on Culture, Youth, Education, the Media and Sport, and substitute for the Committee on Budgets and the Committee on Legal Affairs and the Internal Market.\nIn 1994 she also hosted the Prix Ars Electronica. In 2006 she played Elmire in Moli\u00e8re's Tartuffe at the Lower Austrian state theater in St. P\u00f6lten.\n\n", "Q93530": "Elizabeth Natalie Schram (born July 17, 1968) is an American actress known for playing Sharona Fleming in the television series Monk.\n\n", "Q47007": "Naim Bey Frash\u00ebri, more commonly Naim Frash\u00ebri, (; pronounced [na\u02c8im f\u027ea\u02c8\u0283\u0259\u02c8\u027ei]; 25 May 1846 \u2013 20 October 1900) was an Ottoman Albanian civil servant, historian, journalist, poet, rilindas and translator who was proclaimed national poet of Albania. He is regarded as the pioneer of modern Albanian literature and one of the most influential Albanian cultural icons of the 19th century.Naim and his brothers Abdyl and Sami were born and raised in the village of Frash\u00ebr at the southern slopes of the Tomorr Mountains. He extraordinary became acquainted with numerous cultures and languages such as Arabic, Ancient and Modern Greek, French, Italian, Ottoman Turkish language and Persian. He was one of the few men to whom the literary culture of the Occident and Orient was equally familiar and valuable.Upon the death of his father, he and his family settled to Ioannina where he earned initial inspiration for his future poetries written in the lyric and romantic style. After he suffered a severe lung infection, due to his congenital tuberculosis, in Constantinople, he joined his brother Abdyl in the fight for national freedom and consciousness of the Albanian people during the Albanian Renaissance in which he later became the most distinguished representative of that period.Frash\u00ebri's masterpieces explored themes such as freedom, humanity, unity, tolerance and revolution. His extant works include twenty two works composed of fifteen works written in Albanian as well as four in Turkish, two in Greek and one in Persian, accessible to an audience beyond Albania. He is the most representative writer of sufi poetry in Albanian, being under the influence of his uncle Dalip Frash\u00ebri, he tried to mingle sufism with western philosophy in his poetical ideals. He had an extraordinarily profound impact on the Albanian literature and society during the 20th century most notably on Asdreni, Gjergj Fishta and Lasgush Poradeci, among many others.Ti Shqip\u00ebri, m\u00eb jep nder, m\u00eb jep emrin Shqip\u00ebtar, a memorable line in his poem O malet e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, has been designated as the national motto of Albania. It speaks to unity, freedom and it embodies in its words a sense of pride towards country and people.", "Q731442": "Matthew Santos is an American rock and folk singer-songwriter, musician and painter. His music was used in a series of two Radio ads, for American Family Insurance. He became well known for his collaboration with Chicago native Lupe Fiasco on the single \"Superstar.\" He was signed to Lupe Fiasco's 1st & 15th Entertainment record label, a subsidiary of Atlantic Records.\n\n", "Q830379": "The Modern Jazz Quartet (MJQ) was a jazz combo established in 1952 that played music influenced by classical, cool jazz, blues and bebop. For most of its history the Quartet consisted of John Lewis (piano), Milt Jackson (vibraphone), Percy Heath (double bass), and Connie Kay (drums). The group grew out of the rhythm section of Dizzy Gillespie's big band from 1946 to 1948, which consisted of Lewis and Jackson along with bassist Ray Brown and drummer Kenny Clarke. They recorded as the Milt Jackson Quartet in 1951 and Brown left the group, being replaced on bass by Heath. During the early-to-mid-1950s they became the Modern Jazz Quartet, Lewis became the group's musical director, and they made several recordings with Prestige Records, including the original versions of their two best-known compositions, Lewis's \"Django\" and Jackson's \"Bags' Groove\". Clarke left the group in 1955 and was replaced as drummer by Connie Kay, and in 1956 they moved to Atlantic Records and made their first tour to Europe.\nUnder Lewis's direction, they carved their own niche by specializing in elegant, restrained music that used sophisticated counterpoint inspired by baroque music, yet nonetheless retained a strong blues feel. Noted for their elegant presentation, they were one of the first small jazz combos to perform in concert halls rather than nightclubs. They were initially active into the 1970s until Jackson quit in 1974 due to frustration with their finances and touring schedule, but re-formed in 1981. They made their last released recordings in 1992 and 1993, by which time Kay had been having health issues and Mickey Roker had been his replacement drummer while Kay was unavailable. After Kay's death in 1994, the group operated on a semi-active basis, with Percy Heath's brother Albert Heath on drums until the group disbanded permanently in 1997.", "Q2378292": "Emmanuel Faber (born 22 January 1964) is a French businessman. He is the Chief executive officer of Danone, and the Vice-Chairman of the board of directors. He is also a member of the Executive Committee since 2000.", "Q57214": "Gertraud \"Traudl\" Junge (n\u00e9e Humps; 16 March 1920 \u2013 10 February 2002) was a German editor who worked as Adolf Hitler's last private secretary from December 1942 to April 1945. After typing out Hitler's will, she remained in the Berlin F\u00fchrerbunker until his death. Following her arrest and imprisonment in June 1945, both the Soviet and the U.S. militaries interrogated her. Later, in post-war West Germany, she worked as a secretary. In her old age she decided to publish her memoirs, claiming ignorance of the Nazi atrocities during the war, but blaming herself for missing opportunities to investigate reports about them. Her story, based partly on her book, Until the Final Hour, formed a part of several dramatizations, in particular the 2004 German film Downfall about Hitler's final ten days.\n\n", "Q27068210": "Edda Hei\u00f0r\u00fan Backman (November 27, 1957 \u2013 October 1, 2016) was an Icelandic actress, voice actress, singer, painter and director.\nShe was involved in many theatre productions in Iceland, as well as Icelandic films. In 2004 she quit acting and started directing after getting diagnosed with MND. She retired altogether from the theatre in 2006.\n\n", "Q546666": "Leonid Konstantinovich Artamonov (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0434 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; 25 February 1859 \u2013 1 January 1932) was a Russian military engineer, adviser and general, geographer and traveler, explorer of Africa, writer, veteran of the First World War and the Russo-Japanese War.", "Q721651": "Y\u016bji Aoki (Japanese: \u9752\u6728 \u96c4\u4e8c, Hepburn: Aoki Y\u016bji, June 9, 1945 \u2013 September 5, 2003) was a Japanese manga artist born in Fukuchiyama, Kyoto, Japan.\nHe is best known for his 1990 debut manga Naniwa Kin'y\u016bd\u014d (\u30ca\u30cb\u30ef\u91d1\u878d\u9053, literally The Way of Osaka Financing, colloquially translated as The Way of the Osaka Loan Shark), for which he won the 1992 Kodansha Manga Award for general manga and the 1998 Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize Award for Excellence. \nTakahiro Kochi was his assistant.", "Q288620": "Emily Jane Browning (born 1988) is an Australian actress. Browning made her film debut in the Australian television film The Echo of Thunder; subsequently, she played roles in the Australian television shows High Flyers, Blue Heelers and Something in the Air. Her breakthrough role was in the 2002 horror film Ghost Ship, which introduced her to a wider audience. In 2005, Browning won the Australian Film Institute International Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Violet Baudelaire in the film Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004).\nBrowning is also known for her roles in the horror film The Uninvited (2009), the action film Sucker Punch (2011), and the independent drama Sleeping Beauty (2011). She was named the Breakthrough Performer of The Year by Hamptons International Film Festival in 2011 for her role in Sleeping Beauty. Her other films include Summer in February (2013), Pompeii (2014) and Legend (2015). She is currently starring as Laura Moon on the Starz TV series American Gods (2017\u2013present).", "Q833670": "The Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenA (in English: Catholic University of Leuven),B abbreviated KU Leuven, is a research university in the Dutch-speaking town of Leuven in Flanders, Belgium, founded in 1834 in Mechelen as the Catholic University of Belgium and moved its seat to the town of Leuven in 1835 where it changed its name to Catholic University of Leuven. KU Leuven considers itself to be the continuation of the Studium Generale Lovaniense established in 1425 and suppressed in 1797 under French rule.It conducts teaching, research, and services in the natural sciences, engineering, humanities, medicine, law, and social sciences.KU Leuven consistently ranks among the top 100 universities in the world by five major ranking tables. As of 2020, it ranks 85th according the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, 52nd according to the CWTS Leiden Ranking, 45th globally according to Times Higher Education, 56th according U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking and 80th according QS World University Rankings. For four consecutive years starting in 2016, Thomson Reuters ranked KU Leuven as Europe's most innovative university, with its researchers having filed more patents than any other university in Europe; its patents are also the most cited by external academics. A number of its programs rank within the top 100 in the world according to QS World University Rankings by Subject.\nIn addition to its main campus in Leuven, it has satellite campuses in Kortrijk, Antwerp, Ghent, Bruges, Ostend, Geel, Diepenbeek, Aalst, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, and in Belgium's capital Brussels. KU Leuven is the largest university in Belgium and the Low Countries. In 2017-18, more than 58,000 students were enrolled. Its primary language of instruction is Dutch, although several programs are taught in English, particularly graduate degrees.The old University of Leuven was founded at the center of the historic town of Leuven in 1425, making it Belgium's first university.\nOnce formally integrated into the French Republic, a law dating to 1793 mandating that all universities in France be closed came into effect. The University of Leuven was abolished by decree of the D\u00e9partement of the Dyle on October 25, 1797.The new Catholic University of Leuven was \"founded\" in 1834, and is frequently (but controversially) identified as a continuation of the older institution.C In 1968, the Catholic University of Leuven split into the Dutch-language Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven and the French-language Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), which moved to Louvain-la-Neuve in Wallonia and Brussels. Historically, the Catholic University of Leuven has been a major contributor to the development of Catholic theology. It is considered the oldest extant Catholic university. Although Catholic in heritage, it operates independently from the Church. KU Leuven is open to students from different faiths.", "Q15027": "Tung Chee-hwa, GBM (Chinese: \u8463\u5efa\u83ef; born 7 July 1937) is a Shanghai-born Hong Kong businessman and politician. He was the first Chief Executive of Hong Kong upon the transfer of sovereignty on 1 July 1997 to 12 March 2005. He is currently a vice-chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).\nBorn as the eldest son of Chinese shipping magnate Tung Chao Yung who founded Orient Overseas Container Line (OOCL), Tung took over the family business after his father's death in 1981. Four years later, OOCL teetered on the edge of bankruptcy, and the business was saved by the People's Republic of China government through Henry Fok in 1986.\nHe was appointed an unofficial member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong by the last British Governor Chris Patten in 1992 and was tipped as Beijing's favourite as the first Chief Executive of the Hong Kong SAR. In 1996, he was elected the Chief Executive by a 400-member Selection Committee. His government was embroiled with a series of crises, including the bird flu and the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. In 2002, he was re-elected without competition. In 2003, more than 500,000 protesters demanded Tung to step down in the light of the proposed legislation of the Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23 and the SARS outbreak. Tung resigned in the middle of his second term on 10 March 2005.\nAfter his resignation, he was appointed vice chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference by the Beijing government and formed the China-United States Exchange Foundation (CUSEF) in 2008 to influence public opinion towards China in the United States. In 2014, he founded a think tank Our Hong Kong Foundation consisting of the membership of numerous leading tycoons. He remains influential in Hong Kong politics and is dubbed as \"kingmaker\".\n\n", "Q169472": "Zebrahead is an American punk rock band from Orange County, California. Formed in 1995, the band has released thirteen studio albums to date.", "Q146491": "Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It proscribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one's self. Most criminal law is established by statute, which is to say that the laws are enacted by a legislature. Criminal law includes the punishment and rehabilitation of people who violate such laws. Criminal law varies according to jurisdiction, and differs from civil law, where emphasis is more on dispute resolution and victim compensation, rather than on punishment or rehabilitation. Criminal procedure is a formalized official activity that authenticates the fact of commission of a crime and authorizes punitive or rehabilitative treatment of the offender.", "Q348410": "Juraj Kukura (born 15 March 1947, in Pre\u0161ov) is a Slovak actor.\nKukura studied acting at the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava (V\u0160MU). Since 1985, when he emigrated to Germany, his films were banned by the regime until the end of Communist rule in the 1989. Thanks to his charismatic personality he usually portrayed strong, leading characters. In 2004, he received DOSKY Award for performing Martin in The Goat, or, Who is Sylvia?. In 2003 he became managing director of Arena Theatre.", "Q1691397": "Joe Dowell (January 23, 1940 \u2013 February 4, 2016) was an American pop singer.", "Q2001931": "Prosthetic Records is an American record label specializing in heavy metal recordings, founded in Los Angeles, California in 1998 by E.J. Johantgen and Dan Fitzgerald, both former employees of Columbia Records. Prosthetic Records released the first two albums by Lamb of God and Animals As Leaders and was the North American home to Gojira and are currently home to .gif from god, Dawn Ray'd, Vile Creature, Psycroptic, Four Stroke Baron and many more artists across the globe .", "Q88676": "Klaus Josef Stimeder (aka JM Stim), (* March 17, 1975 in Schaerding, Austria) is an author and a journalist who lives in Los Angeles, California. In Germany and Austria the former war correspondent became known as the founder and publisher of political monthly Datum. In the US and Canada he is mostly known for his 2011 book Here is Berlin.", "Q166741": "John Winchester Dana (June 21, 1808 \u2013 December 22, 1867) was an American businessman and Democratic politician in the U.S. state of Maine. He served as the 19th and 21st Governor of Maine and as Charg\u00e9 d'affaires to Bolivia during the 19th century.\n\n", "Q1975346": "Konstantin Ivanovich Konstantinov (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432, 1817 or 1819 \u2013 12 January 1871) was a Russian artillery officer and scientist in the fields of artillery, rocketry and instrument making. He completed his military career at the rank of Lieutenant General.\nHe was an illegitimate son of Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia and a French actress. \nKonstantinov graduated from Mikhailovskoye Artillery School in St. Petersburg in 1836. In 1844, he invented a device for measuring the flight speed of projectiles at any point of their trajectory. In 1847 Konstantinov created a ballistic rocket pendulum, which would allow to establish a law of changing rocket motion in time. With the help of this device, he was able to determine the influence of the form and design of a rocket on its ballistic characteristics, thereby laying the foundations for calculated rocket designs. In 1849 he was appointed commander of the Petersburg Rocketry Department (\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435). In 1861, he supervised the construction of a rocket factory in Nikolayev, which he would head six years later. \nKonstantinov is known to have created structurally perfect missiles (for the 19th century) with a range of 4 to 5 km, launch pads, and rocket-making machines. He authored a number of works on rocket science, artillery, firearms, pyrotechnics, and aeronautics. A crater on the far side of the Moon is named after him.", "Q255455": "Jammu is the winter capital and the largest city in Jammu district of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Lying on the banks of the river Tawi, the city of Jammu, with an area of 26.64 km2 (10.29 sq mi), is surrounded by the Himalayas in the north and the northern-plains in the south. Jammu is the second most populous city of the union territory.\nKnown as the City of Temples for its ancient temples and Hindu shrines, Jammu is the most visited place in the union territory. Jammu city shares its borders with the neighbouring Samba district.", "Q1209649": "John Nicholas \"Dick\" Foran (June 18, 1910 \u2013 August 10, 1979) was an American actor, known for his performances in western musicals and for playing supporting roles in dramatic pictures.", "Q1315512": "Keith Forsey (born 2 January 1948) is an English pop musician and record producer.", "Q1933313": "Mike Marshall (born Michael James Marshall, July 17, 1957 in New Castle, Pennsylvania) is a bluegrass mandolinist who has collaborated with David Grisman and Darol Anger.\nHe grew up in Lakeland, Florida. When he was 18, he won Florida state contests on fiddle and mandolin. He considers his discovery of David Grisman's music a significant event in his life, admiring how Grisman combined jazz and Latin styles into his own form of bluegrass. After Marshall moved to California, he collaborated with Grisman on film music and soon after was invited by Grisman to join the quintet. He was a member of the David Grisman Quintet from 1985\u20131990, touring with Jerry Douglas, B\u00e9la Fleck, Tony Rice, Mark O'Connor, St\u00e9phane Grappelli, and Darol Anger.Marshall and Darol Anger collaborated often during their careers. They founded Montreux, with Barbara Higbie and Michael Manring, and the supergroup Psychograss, with Tony Trischka and Todd Phillips. Like Grisman, both groups played an eclectic style of music that combined classical, folk, jazz, and bluegrass. Marshall has performed Brazilian music with the band Choro Famoso and on his second solo album, Brazil: Duets. He released his debut solo album, Gator Strut, in 1989.Marshall is a virtuoso on the mandolin. He plays a 1924 Gibson F-5 mandolin that was signed by Lloyd Loar. He helped start the Modern Mandolin Quartet. His wife, Caterina Lichtenberg, is a German mandolinist. He collaborated with mandolinist Chris Thile on Into the Cauldron (2003). Both he and Caterina teach online mandolin lessons through ArtistWorks.", "Q222805": "Benigno Simeon \"Ninoy\" Aquino Jr. (November 27, 1932 \u2013 August 21, 1983) was a Filipino politician who served as a Senator of the Philippines (1967\u20131972) and governor of the province of Tarlac. He was the husband of Corazon Aquino\u2014who, after his death, eventually became President of the Philippines\u2014and father of a later President, Benigno Aquino III. Aquino, together with Gerardo Roxas and Jovito Salonga, formed the leadership of the opposition towards then President Ferdinand Marcos. Shortly after the imposition of martial law, Aquino was arrested in 1972 along with others associated with the New People's Army's armed insurgency, and incarcerated for seven years. He founded his own party, Lakas ng Bayan, and ran in the 1978 Philippine parliamentary election, but all the party's candidates lost in the election. In 1980, he was permitted by Marcos to travel to the United States for medical treatment following a heart attack. During the early 1980s he became one of the most notable critics of the Marcos regime, and enjoyed popularity across the US due to the numerous rallies he attended at the time. As the situation in the Philippines worsened, Aquino decided to return to face Marcos and restore democracy in the country, despite numerous threats against it. He was assassinated at the Manila International Airport on August 21, 1983, upon returning from his self-imposed exile. His death revitalized opposition to Marcos; it also catapulted his widow, Corazon, into the political limelight and prompted her to successfully run for a six-year term as president as a member of the United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO) party in the 1986 snap election.\nAmong other public structures, Manila International Airport has since been renamed Ninoy Aquino International Airport in his honor, and the anniversary of his death is a national holiday.", "Q139245": "La Bamba is a 1987 American biographical film written and directed by Luis Valdez that follows the life and career of Chicano rock 'n' roll star Ritchie Valens. The film stars Lou Diamond Phillips as Valens, Esai Morales, Rosanna DeSoto, Elizabeth Pe\u00f1a, Danielle von Zerneck, and Joe Pantoliano. The film depicts the impact Valens's career had on the lives of his half-brother Bob Morales, his girlfriend Donna Ludwig and the rest of his family.\nIn 2017, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q724729": "Jacques Doriot (French: [\u0292ak d\u0254\u0281jo]; 26 September 1898 \u2013 22 February 1945) was a French politician prior to and during World War II.\n\n", "Q1607": "Blankenese (German pronunciation ) is a suburban quarter in the borough of Altona in the western part of Hamburg, Germany; until 1938 it was an independent municipality in Holstein. It is located on the right bank of the Elbe river. With a population of 13,407 as of 2016, today it is widely known as one of Hamburg's most affluent neighborhoods.", "Q275785": "Marie-Laure de Noailles, Vicomtesse de Noailles (French pronunciation: \u200b[ma\u0281i l\u0254\u0281 d\u0259 no.aj vik\u0254\u0303t\u025bs d\u0259 no.aj]; 31 October 1902 \u2013 29 January 1970) was a French artist, regarded one of the 20th century's most daring and influential patrons of the arts, noted for her associations with Salvador Dal\u00ed, Balthus, Jean Cocteau, Ned Rorem, Man Ray, Luis Bu\u00f1uel, Francis Poulenc, Wolfgang Paalen, Jean Hugo, Jean-Michel Frank and others as well as her tempestuous life and eccentric personality. She and her husband financed Ray's film Les Myst\u00e8res du Ch\u00e2teau de D\u00e9 (1929), Poulenc's Aubade (1929), Bu\u00f1uel and Dal\u00ed's film L'\u00c2ge d'Or (1930), and Cocteau's The Blood of a Poet (1930).", "Q64806": "Jacob Crocheron (August 23, 1774 \u2013 December 27, 1849) was a U.S. Representative from New York, United States brother of Henry Crocheron.\nBorn on Staten Island, Richmond County, New York, Crocheron engaged in agricultural pursuits.\nSheriff of Richmond County in 1802, 1811, and again in 1821.\nCrocheron was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-first Congress (March 4, 1829 \u2013 March 3, 1831).\nHe died in Richmond County, Staten Island, on December 27, 1849.\nHe was interred in St. Andrew's Churchyard, Staten Island, New York.", "Q96448": "Eduard M\u00fcller (born 15 November 1818 in Quilitz near Glogau - 6 January 1895 in Neisse) was a German Roman Catholic priest and politician from the Prussian Province of Silesia.\nThe priest was since 1852 a missionary vicar in Berlin who promoted the foundation of catholic communities in and near Berlin, like the St.-Eduard-Gemeinde (St. Eduard) which officially opened at Kranholdplatz in Berlin-Rixdorf in 1907.\nIn Protestant Prussia, M\u00fcller was elected to the Preu\u00dfischer Landtag (Prussian Diet) in November 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War. At that time Bismarck on behalf of the North German Confederation negotiated with the mostly Catholic Southern German states in order to form a unified nation state. When the Prussian assembly first met in December, M\u00fcller lobbied for a unification of the Catholic members into a fraction He is credited as a co-founder of the Centre Party (Germany) (Deutsche Zentrumspartei) in 1871.\n\nIn the 1871 elections to the new Reichstag, he surprisingly defeated the incumbent in the constituency of the Duchy of Pless-Rybnik in of Upper Silesia, Victor Herzog von Ratibor, the Duke of Ratibor, a Free Conservative Catholic aristocratic landowner who recently had headed a delegation to the Vatican. Silesian magnates were accustomed to dictating elections.\nLiberal deputy Eduard Lasker expressed the shock of the entire chamber about the \"astonishing victory of a nobody\" and that the eminent incumbent had been 'driven out of his district in the name of the Catholic religion', by a man like Father Eduard M\u00fcller \"whose merits,\" as Lasker put it, \"may be extraordinarily great, only the world knows little of them, and still less the district in which he has been elected.\" He used to live behind Katholische Kirche 4-5 in Berlin-Mitte where his house was a centre for workers, the poor, and travellers. In 1984 the Eduard-M\u00fcller-Platz square in Neuk\u00f6lln was named after him.\nThe 19th century politician in Reichstag minutes called \"half-saintly\" is not to be confused with the priest Eduard M\u00fcller (1911\u20131943) who in 1943 was executed as one of the L\u00fcbeck martyrs by the Nazis, for which these martyrs are considered for beatification since 2003.", "Q160456": "Angela Yvonne Davis (born January 26, 1944) is an American political activist, philosopher, academic, and author. She is a professor emerita at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Ideologically a Marxist, Davis was a member of the Communist Party USA until 1991, after which she joined the breakaway Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism. She is the author of over ten books on class, feminism, and the U.S. prison system.\nBorn to an African American family in Birmingham, Alabama, Davis studied French at Brandeis University and philosophy at the University of Frankfurt in West Germany. Studying under the philosopher Herbert Marcuse, a prominent figure in the Frankfurt School of Marxism, Davis became increasingly interested in far-left politics. Returning to the U.S., she studied at the University of California, San Diego before moving to East Germany, where she gained a doctorate at the Humboldt University of Berlin. Back in the U.S., she joined the Communist Party and, as a Marxist feminist, involved herself in a range of leftist causes, including the second-wave feminist movement, the Black Panther Party, and the campaign against the Vietnam War. In 1969 she was hired as an acting assistant professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). UCLA's governing Board of Regents soon fired her due to her Communist Party membership; after a court ruled this illegal, the university fired her again, this time for her use of inflammatory language. \nIn 1970, firearms registered to Davis were used in an armed takeover of a courtroom in Marin County, California, in which four people were killed. She was prosecuted for three capital felonies, including conspiracy to murder. After over a year in jail, she was acquitted of the charges in 1972. She continued both her academic work and her domestic activism. In the 1980s she was professor of ethnic studies at San Francisco State University. Much of her work focused on the abolition of prisons and in 1997 she co-founded Critical Resistance, an organization working to abolish the prison\u2013industrial complex. During the 1970s she visited Marxist-Leninist-governed countries and during the 1980s was twice the Communist Party's candidate for Vice President. In 1991, amid the dissolution of the Soviet Union, she left the party and joined the breakaway Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism. Also in 1991, she joined the feminist studies department at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where she became department director before retiring in 2008. Since then she has continued to write and remained active in movements such as Occupy and the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign.\nPraised by many Marxists and others on the far left, Davis has received various awards, including the Lenin Peace Prize. She has also sustained criticism for her support for political violence and her refusal to advocate for prisoners in Marxist-Leninist countries.", "Q1768040": "Patrick Eugene Haggerty (March 17, 1914 \u2013 October 1, 1980) was an American engineer and businessman. He was a co-founder and former president and chairman of Texas Instruments, Incorporated. Haggerty is most responsible for turning a small Texas oil exploration company into the leader in semiconductors that Texas Instruments is today. Under his influence, the company invested in transistors when their commercial value was still much in question; his company created the first silicon transistor, the first commercial transistor radio, and the first integrated circuit.", "Q483248": "F.T. Island (Korean: \uc5d0\ud504\ud2f0 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc, or FT\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc, short for Five Treasure Island), is a South Korean rock band formed by FNC Entertainment in 2007. The band currently consists of main vocalist Lee Hong-gi, bassist Lee Jae-jin, and drummer Choi Min-hwan. Guitarist Oh Won-bin left the band in 2009 and was replaced by Song Seung-hyun. Former leader Choi Jong-hoon left the band and retired from the entertainment industry on March 14, 2019, while Seung-hyun left the group on December 31, 2019 to pursue his acting career.\nF.T. Island debuted on the music television program M! Countdown on June 7, 2007 with the single \"Love Sick\". Their debut studio album, Cheerful Sensibility, was the sixth best-selling of the year and \"Love Sick\" topped the K-pop charts for eight consecutive weeks. Later that year, the band won the Best New Male Group at the Mnet Asian Music Awards and the Popularity and Rookie of the Year awards at the Golden Disk Awards.\nF.T. Island made their debut in Japan on June 8, 2008 with the extended play Prologue of F.T. Island: Soyogi. The band started getting recognition in the country following the release of their third Japanese studio album, Five Treasure Island, in 2011, which topped the Oricon Albums Chart and spawned the single \"Flower Rock\". Additionally, F.T. Island is the first foreign male band and the first band in 42 years to top the Oricon Daily Charts.F.T. Island's most well-known songs include \"After Love\", \"Bad Woman\", \"I Hope\", \"Hello Hello\", \"Severely\", \"I Wish\", and the chart-toppers \"Love Sick\", \"Thunder\", \"Until You Come Back\", and \"Love Love Love\". Considered to be South Korea's first idol band, F.T. Island paved the way for such acts, including label mate N.Flying.", "Q55365": "Cezary Pazura (born 13 June 1962 in Tomasz\u00f3w Mazowiecki) is a popular Polish actor known for his comedy roles in movies such as Kiler, Ch\u0142opaki nie p\u0142acz\u0105, Kariera Nikosia Dyzmy and a sitcom 13 posterunek. \nIn addition to his work as a movie actor, Pazura is also a stand-up comedian and a popular voice actor. He provided voice for movies dubbed in Polish including Lady and the Tramp (as the Tramp), Ice Age (as Sid), Ast\u00e9rix & Ob\u00e9lix: Mission Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre (as Nubernaibs), Shark Tale (as Oscar) and for Pink Panther in various computer games. His brother Rados\u0142aw Pazura is also an actor.\n\n", "Q108926": "Cl\u00e9ment Marot (23 November 1496 \u2013 12 September 1544) was a French Renaissance poet.", "Q941594": "The video game industry is the economic sector involved in the development, marketing, and monetization of video games. It encompasses dozens of job disciplines and its component parts employ thousands of people worldwide.", "Q7140619": "Partisan Records is an independent record label with offices in London and Los Angeles, as well as in New York City, where the company was co-founded in 2007 by Tim Putnam and Ian Wheeler. The label, initially run out of Putnam\u2019s South Brooklyn apartment, relocated in 2009 to their flagship office in Williamsburg where they still reside. Holy Sons (\u2018Decline Of The West\u2019) was the first release on the label, and early success followed shortly thereafter with the release of Deer Tick (\u2018War Elephant\u2019). In 2008, while working as the Night Manager for The Knitting Factory venue at their Leonard St. location in Manhattan, Putnam was approached by Knitting Factory Entertainment CEO Morgan Margolis to form a strategic partnership with Partisan. Together they've reissued the Fela Kuti catalogue and revived their label, Knitting Factory Records, which also includes Grammy Award-nominated members of the Kuti family, Femi Kuti and Seun Kuti. Partisan has since cultivated an eclectic, diverse roster across all genres, prioritizing an artist-friendly philosophy, and achieving international acclaim. In 2018 they achieved a Top 5 UK chart position as well as a \u2018British Breakthrough\u2019 nomination at the BRIT Awards in 2019 for Joy as an Act of Resistance by IDLES . Partisan then earned their first-ever Grammy nomination for \u2018Deran\u2019 by Bombino; two Mercury Prize nominations for IDLES and Fontaines D.C.'s debut album 'Dogrel'; an Ivor Novello prize for IDLES; AIM UK, A2IM, and Music Business Worldwide A+R Awards for Independent Label of the Year; and Music Week\u2019s International Woman of The Year award for Partisan's Managing Director, Zena White. Putnam now serves as President of Partisan, and Wheeler manages The Talkhouse, which he founded in 2015 and shares an office with Partisan. \n\n", "Q53714": "Chord Paul Overstreet (born February 17, 1989) is an American actor and musician. He is known for his role as Sam Evans on the Fox television series Glee (2009\u20132015).\nOn August 26, 2016, he released his debut single, \"Homeland\", through Island Records and Safehouse Records.", "Q166027": "Labour and Social Justice \u2013 The Electoral Alternative (German: Arbeit und soziale Gerechtigkeit \u2013 Die Wahlalternative, WASG) was a left-wing German political party founded in 2005 by activists disenchanted with the ruling Red-Green coalition government. On 16 June 2007 WASG merged with The Left Party.PDS to form The Left (Die Linke). At the time of its merger with The Left Party.PDS, WASG party membership stood at about 11,600 members.\nThe party ran for the first time in the 2005 state election of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany's most populous state and a stronghold of the governing Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), with pastor J\u00fcrgen Klute as its front-runner. The party campaigned against what it considered \"the neoliberal consensus\" displayed by the governing centre-left political parties and the centre-right opposition alike. Some of its main issues were opposition to cuts in provision of social benefits and to the favourable taxation of the wealthy. In the first few months of existence, it received a large amount of news coverage, and had its first national convention from 6 May until 8 May 2005.\nOskar Lafontaine, a former major figure on the left wing of the SPD, joined the new party officially on 18 June 2005, and became their North Rhine-Westphalia frontrunner for the general election on 18 September 2005. As the necessary steps for a merger with the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) could not be taken fast enough, he advocated an electoral alliance with WASG members on the PDS's list, to which the WASG and PDS leaderships in principle agreed on 10 June 2005. The title of this list was The Left Party.PDS, which to this end - as a matter of formality - was adopted by the PDS as its new name, because changing a name was comparatively easy.\nThe anticipated fusion was later made official, with the WASG and The Left Party. PDS merging on 16 June 2007 to a party called simply The Left (Die Linke) or also, colloquially, \"the Left Party\" (without \".PDS\").", "Q467864": "Albania ( (listen), a(w)l-BAY-nee-\u0259; Albanian: Shqip\u00ebri/Shqip\u00ebria; Gheg Albanian: Shqipni/Shqipnia, Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the People's Socialist Republic of Albania (Albanian: Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb), was ruled by a Marxist-Leninist government from 1946 to 1992. From 1944 to 1946, it was known as the Democratic Government of Albania and from 1946 to 1976 it was known as the People's Republic of Albania.\nThroughout this period, the country was ruled by Enver Hoxha and the Party of Labour of Albania. They ruled Albania by establishing a Stalinist style of state administration and adhering to policies which stressed national unity and self-reliance. Travel and visa restrictions made Albania one of the most difficult countries to visit or travel from. In 1967, it declared itself the world's first atheist state. But after the end of its communist regime in 1991, the practice of religion slowly increased. It was the only Warsaw Pact member to formally withdraw from the alliance before 1990, an action which was occasioned by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. The government implemented reforms which were aimed at modernizing Albania and they resulted in significant gains in the areas of industry, agriculture, education, the arts, and culture, which contributed to a general increase in the Albanian population's standard of living. However, these developments coincided with political repression by the secret police, the Sigurimi, for the purposes of preventing a counter-revolution, which included dismissal from employment, imprisonment in forced labor camps and executions. The first multi-party elections in Socialist Albania took place on 31 March 1991 \u2013 the Communists gained a majority in an interim government. The Republic of Albania was proclaimed on 30 April 1991 and the country's first parliamentary elections were held on 22 March 1992. The People's Socialist Republic of Albania was officially dissolved on 28 November 1998 upon the adoption of the new Constitution of Albania.", "Q1271094": "Allegheny Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery and is one of the largest and oldest burial grounds in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.\nIt is a nonsectarian, wooded hillside park located at 4734 Butler Street in the Lawrenceville neighborhood and bounded by the Bloomfield, Garfield, and Stanton Heights areas. It is sited on the north-facing slope of hills above the Allegheny River.In 1973 the cemetery's Butler Street Gatehouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and in 1980 the entire cemetery was listed on the National Register.", "Q273492": "Pamela Sue Martin (born January 5, 1953) is an American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of teenage detective Nancy Drew on the television series The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries and for originating the role of socialite Fallon Carrington Colby on the ABC nighttime soap opera Dynasty.", "Q288146": "Helen Shaver (born February 24, 1951) is a Canadian actress and film and television director. She has received Emmy and Saturn Award nominations, among other honours.", "Q34957": "Musa Ibrahim (Bengali: \u09ae\u09c1\u09b8\u09be \u0987\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b9\u09c0\u09ae) is a Bangladeshi mountaineer and an adventurer, explorer and author. He is the first Bangladeshi to claim to reach the summit of Mount Everest. He reached the summit around 5:05 am BST on 23 May 2010 and hoisted the flag of Bangladesh on the apex of the world at around 5:16 am BST. From then, Bangladesh became the 67th Mount Everest conquering country.Musa is the General Secretary of North Alpine Club Bangladesh, a Bangladeshi mountaineering club and serves as special correspondent at Channel 24. He served as the sub-editor of The Daily Star. He founded the Everest Academy in 2011 for a wide participation of youth in mountaineering and adventure activities and founded Everest Foundation as well on 2012 for humanitarian and environmental development works.\n\n", "Q130261": "Admiral John Byng (baptised 29 October 1704 \u2013 14 March 1757) was a Royal Navy officer who was court-martialled and executed by firing squad. After joining the navy at the age of thirteen, he participated at the Battle of Cape Passaro in 1718. Over the next thirty years he built up a reputation as a solid naval officer and received promotion to vice-admiral in 1747. He also served as Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland Colony in 1742, Commander-in-Chief, Leith, 1745 to 1746 and was a member of parliament from 1751 until his death.\nByng failed to relieve a besieged British garrison during the Battle of Minorca at the beginning of the Seven Years' War. He had sailed for Minorca at the head of a hastily assembled fleet of vessels, some of which were in poor condition. He fought an inconclusive engagement with a French fleet off the Minorca coast, and then elected to return to Gibraltar to repair his ships. Upon return to Britain, Byng was court-martialled and found guilty of failing to \"do his utmost\" to prevent Minorca falling to the French. He was sentenced to death and, after pleas for clemency were denied, was shot dead by a firing squad on 14 March 1757.", "Q549233": "Samuel Hui Koon-kit (born 6 September 1948), usually known as Sam Hui, is a Hong Kong musician, singer, songwriter and actor. He is credited with popularising Cantopop both via the infusion of Western-style music and his usage of vernacular Cantonese rather than written vernacular Chinese in biting lyrics that addressed contemporary problems and concerns. Hui is considered by some to be the first major superstar of Cantopop, known as the God of Song.\n\n", "Q4019": "Sindelfingen is a small southern German city in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. Near Stuttgart, it lies at the headwaters of the Schwippe (a tributary of the river W\u00fcrm), and is home to a Mercedes-Benz assembly plant.", "Q500155": "William Scott \"Jack\" Elam (November 13, 1920 \u2013 October 20, 2003), was an American film and television actor best known for his numerous roles as villains in Western films and, later in his career, comedies (sometimes spoofing his villainous image). His most distinguishing physical quality was his misaligned eye. Before his career in acting, he took several jobs in finance and served two years in the United States Navy during World War II.\nElam played in 73 movies and made appearances in 41 television series. Some of his more memorable performances were in Once Upon a Time in the West, High Noon, Support Your Local Sheriff!, and on the anthology series The Twilight Zone, and on the series Gunsmoke.", "Q79857": "Konya (Turkish pronunciation: [\u02c8kon.ja]) is a major city in south-western edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau and is the seventh-most-populous city in Turkey with a metropolitan population of over 2.1 million. Konya is an economically and industrially developed city and the capital of Konya Province.\nThe Konya region has been inhabited since the 3rd millennium BC. Known as Iconium during classical antiquity, the city was ruled successively by the Phrygian, Persian, Hellenistic and Roman civilizations. In the 11th century the Seljuk Turks conquered the area from the Byzantines, and Konya then became the capital of the Sultanate of Rum. Under the Seljuks, the city reached the height of its wealth and influence. Following the demise of Rum, Konya came under the rule of the Karamanids, before being taken over by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century. After the Turkish War of Independence the city became part of the modern Republic of Turkey.", "Q211571": "Kim Dong-hyun (born May 20, 1984) is a former Korean football player who was expelled from K-League after being implicated in the match-fixing scandal.", "Q164630": "John E. \"Jack\" Potter (born 1956) is the President and CEO of the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority since July 18, 2011. He is the former United States Postmaster General and CEO of the United States Postal Service (USPS), having become the 72nd Postmaster General on June 1, 2001. As of 2018, Potter was the second longest serving Postmaster General, following Gideon Granger.", "Q51103": "Santiago de Cali (Spanish pronunciation: [san\u02c8tja\u0263o \u00f0e \u02c8kali]), or Cali, is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with an 2,227,642 residents according to the 2018 census. The city spans 560.3 km2 (216.3 sq mi) with 120.9 km2 (46.7 sq mi) of urban area, making Cali the second-largest city in the country by area and the third most populous. As the only major Colombian city with access to the Pacific Coast, Cali is the main urban and economic centre in the south of the country, and has one of Colombia's fastest-growing economies. The city was founded on 25 July 1536 by the Spanish explorer Sebasti\u00e1n de Belalc\u00e1zar.\nCali is also a centre for sports in Colombia, and is the only Colombian city to have hosted the Pan American Games. It hosted the 1992 World Wrestling Championships, the ninth edition of the World Games in 2013, the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2014 and the World Youth Championships in Athletics in 2015. The city is to host the first ever Junior Pan American Games in 2021.", "Q285462": "Catherine Anahid \"Cathy\" Berberian (July 4, 1925 \u2013 March 6, 1983) was an American mezzo-soprano and composer based in Italy. She interpreted contemporary avant-garde music composed, among others, by Luciano Berio, Bruno Maderna, John Cage, Henri Pousseur, Sylvano Bussotti, Darius Milhaud, Roman Haubenstock-Ramati, and Igor Stravinsky. She also interpreted works by Claudio Monteverdi, Heitor Villa-Lobos, Kurt Weill, Philipp Zu Eulenburg, arrangements of songs by The Beatles, and folk songs from several countries and cultures. As a composer, she wrote Stripsody (1966), in which she exploits her vocal technique using comic book sounds (onomatopoeia), and Morsicat(h)y (1969), a composition for the keyboard (with the right hand only) based on Morse code.", "Q519404": "Carol Douglas (born April 7, 1948) is an American singer whose hit \"Doctor's Orders\" (1974) was a pioneering track in the disco genre.\n\n", "Q738466": "Georgios Karatzaferis (Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b6\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2; born August 11, 1947) is a Greek politician, a former member of the Hellenic Parliament and the president of the Popular Orthodox Rally. Previously, Karatzaferis was a member of parliament of the liberal-conservative New Democracy party. He is a former Member of the European Parliament and former vice-president of the Independence and Democracy group. His party's views, ideas, and electoral campaigns are often broadcast and promoted by the relatively minor private Greek TV channel TeleAsty (former Telecity), which he founded and owns. The party's ideas are also disseminated in the party\u2019s weekly newspaper, A1.", "Q129718": "Michel Richard Joachim Rog (born 3 April 1973 in 's-Hertogenbosch) is a Dutch politician and trade union leader. As a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) he has been an MP since 20 September 2012. Previously he was a member of the council of former Amsterdam stadsdeel (borough) De Baarsjes for Democrats 66 (D66) from 2002 to 2006.\nRog worked as a teacher of civics. Succeedingly he worked as a team leader civil aviation for trade union De Unie from 1999 to 2006. Since 2006 he has been working as a board member and since 2008 as president of CNV Onderwijs, the teachers' union of the National Federation of Christian Trade Unions in the Netherlands (Christelijk Nationaal Vakverbond - CNV).\nMichel Rog is married, has two sons and lives in Haarlem.", "Q63827": "Babrak Karmal (Dari/Pashto: \u0628\u0628\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0644\u200e, Russian: \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043a \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c, born Sultan Hussein; 6 January 1929 \u2013 1 or 3 December 1996) was an Afghan politician who was installed as President of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union when they intervened in 1979. Karmal was born in Kamari and educated at Kabul University. When the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) was formed, Karmal became one of its leading members, having been introduced to Marxism by Mir Akbar Khyber during his imprisonment for activities deemed too radical by the government. He eventually became the leader of the Parcham faction when the PDPA split in 1967, with their ideological nemesis being the Khalq faction. Under Karmal's leadership, the Parchamite PDPA participated in Mohammad Daoud Khan's rise to power in 1973, and his subsequent regime. While relations were good at the beginning, Daoud began a major purge of leftist influence in the mid-1970s. This in turn led to the reformation of the PDPA in 1977, and Karmal played a major role in the 1978 Saur Revolution when the PDPA took power, though in later years he denounced it.\nKarmal was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Council, synonymous with vice head of state, in the communist government. The Parchamite faction found itself under significant pressure by the Khalqists soon after taking power. In June 1978, a PDPA Central Committee meeting voted in favor of giving the Khalqist faction exclusive control over PDPA policy. This decision was followed by a failed Parchamite coup, after which Hafizullah Amin, a Khalqist, initiated a purge against the Parchamites. Karmal survived this purge but was exiled to Prague. Karmal remained in exile until December 1979, when the Soviet Union intervened in Afghanistan (with the consent of Amin's government) to stabilize the country. The Soviet troops staged a coup and assassinated Amin. Karmal had always been highly critical of his Khalqist predecessors Nur Muhammad Taraki and Amin's ultra-left radicalism.\nKarmal was promoted to Chairman of the Revolutionary Council and Chairman of the Council of Ministers on 27 December 1979. He remained in office until 1981, when he was succeeded by Sultan Ali Keshtmand. Throughout his term, Karmal worked to establish a support base for the PDPA by introducing several reforms. Among these were the \"Fundamental Principles of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan\", introducing a general amnesty for those people imprisoned during Nur Mohammad Taraki's and Amin's rule. He also replaced the red Khalqist flag with a more traditional one. These policies failed to increase the PDPA's legitimacy in the eyes of the Afghan people and the mujahideen rebels.\nThese policy failures, and the stalemate that ensued after the Soviet intervention, led the Soviet leadership to become highly critical of Karmal's leadership. Under Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union deposed Karmal in 1986 and replaced him with Mohammad Najibullah. Following his loss of power, he was again exiled, this time to Moscow. It was Anahita Ratebzad who persuaded Najibullah to allow Babrak Karmal to return to Afghanistan in 1991, where Karmal became an associate of Abdul Rashid Dostum and possibly helped remove the Najibullah government from power in 1992. He eventually left Afghanistan again for Moscow. Not long after, in 1996, Karmal died from liver cancer.", "Q1149": "Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: [\u02c8\u026and\u026ara\u02d0 \u02c8\u0261a\u02d0nd\u02b1i\u02d0] (listen); n\u00e9e Nehru; 19 November 1917 \u2013 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was the first and, to date, only female Prime Minister of India. Indira Gandhi was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India. She served as prime minister from January 1966 to March 1977 and again from January 1980 until her assassination in October 1984, making her the second longest-serving Indian prime minister after her father.Gandhi served as her father's personal assistant and hostess during his tenure as prime minister between 1947 and 1964. She was elected President of the Indian National Congress in 1959. Upon her father's death in 1964, she was appointed as a member of the Rajya Sabha (upper house) and became a member of Lal Bahadur Shastri's cabinet as Minister of Information and Broadcasting. In the Congress Party's parliamentary leadership election held in early 1966 (upon the death of Shastri), she defeated her rival Morarji Desai to become leader, and thus succeeded Shastri as Prime Minister of India.\nAs prime minister, Gandhi was known for her political intransigency and unprecedented centralisation of power. She went to war with Pakistan in support of the independence movement and war of independence in East Pakistan, which resulted in an Indian victory and the creation of Bangladesh, as well as increasing India's influence to the point where it became the leading regional power of South Asia. Citing separatist tendencies, and in response to a call for revolution, Gandhi instituted a state of emergency from 1975 to 1977 where basic civil liberties were suspended and the press was censored. Widespread atrocities were carried out during the emergency. In 1980, she returned to power after free and fair elections. After Gandhi ordered military action in the Golden Temple in Operation Blue Star, her own bodyguards and Sikh nationalists assassinated her on on 31 October 1984.\n\n", "Q666526": "G\u00e1bor Bor\u00f3kai (born 14 June 1961) is a Hungarian politician who was a spokesman for the Hungarian government from 9 July 1998 to 27 May 2002.\nHe worked for Nemzeti Sport from 1985. After ten years he moved into political journalism. He was editor in chief of the Reform between 1997 and 1998. He dealt primarily with domestic political topics.\nViktor Orb\u00e1n appointed Bor\u00f3kai spokesman of the cabinet. He held this position as political state secretary of the Prime Minister's Office from 1999. When the Fidesz lost the 2002 elections he started the H\u00edrTV with exterior investors' help. Until 2004, he was CEO of the channel. After that he joined the editorial commission of the weekly news magazine Heti V\u00e1lasz of which he is currently the editor in chief.", "Q300326": "A Beginner's Guide to Endings is a 2010 film directed by Jonathan Sobol and starring Harvey Keitel, Scott Caan, and J.K. Simmons.", "Q86115": "Edith Klestil (n\u00e9e Wielander; 13 November 1932 \u2013 29 March 2011) was an Austrian political figure, former First Lady of Austria, and the first wife of Thomas Klestil, the tenth President of Austria.\nEdith Klestil was born in Vienna, the only child of a post office worker, Leopold Wielander, and his wife, Rosa. On 8 June 1967 she married Thomas Klestil, whom she met when they were both 17. She gave up her job in order to support her husband's career as a diplomat and accompanied him to Paris and Los Angeles. When her husband was elected federal president in 1992, she became Austria's first lady. Two years later, Thomas made public that he had a love affair with the much younger diplomat Margot L\u00f6ffler. Edith left her husband in February 1994, and they were divorced in September 1998; Thomas married L\u00f6ffler three months later.When Thomas died in office on 6 July 2004, Klestil and their children attended the funeral service held in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.\nIt was announced on 4 April 2011 that Klestil had died of cancer, a few days earlier, in Vienna.", "Q88138": "Philipp Hafner (September 27, 1735 (some sources say 1731) - July 30, 1764) was an Austrian farce writer, born in Vienna. He also wrote under the pseudonyms K. Fiedelbogen, J. Wustio, and Phakipinpler. His principal works are the following: Der alte Odoardo und der l\u00e4cherliche Hanswurst (1755); Die reisenden Kom\u00f6dianten (1774), a comedy full of wit and humor; Dramatische Unterhaltungen \u016fnter guten Freuden (1774). His collected comedies were published by Joseph Sonnleithner in 1812 (Vienna).", "Q1386420": "Joseph Patrick Kennedy II (born September 24, 1952) is an American businessman, Democratic politician, and a member of the Kennedy family.\nHe served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from the 8th congressional district of Massachusetts from 1987 to 1999. In 1979 he founded and until he was elected to the U.S. House, led Citizens Energy Corporation, a non-profit energy company which provides heating oil to low-income and elderly families in Massachusetts. Since 1999, Kennedy has continued to lead Citizens Energy.\nHe is the eldest son of Attorney General and U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Kennedy as well as the eldest grandson of Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and Rose Kennedy.", "Q128406": "Pharmacology is the branch of pharmaceutical sciences which is concerned with the study of drug or medication action, where a drug can be broadly or narrowly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species). More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals.\nThe field encompasses drug composition and properties, synthesis and drug design, molecular and cellular mechanisms, organ/systems mechanisms, signal transduction/cellular communication, molecular diagnostics, interactions, chemical biology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities. The two main areas of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of a drug on biological systems, and pharmacokinetics studies the effects of biological systems on a drug. In broad terms, pharmacodynamics discusses the chemicals with biological receptors, and pharmacokinetics discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals from the biological systems. Pharmacology is not synonymous with pharmacy and the two terms are frequently confused. Pharmacology, a biomedical science, deals with the research, discovery, and characterization of chemicals which show biological effects and the elucidation of cellular and organismal function in relation to these chemicals. In contrast, pharmacy, a health services profession, is concerned with the application of the principles learned from pharmacology in its clinical settings; whether it be in a dispensing or clinical care role. In either field, the primary contrast between the two is their distinctions between direct-patient care, pharmacy practice, and the science-oriented research field, driven by pharmacology.", "Q54053": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw III (31 October 1424 \u2013 10 November 1444), also known as W\u0142adys\u0142aw of Varna, was King of Poland from 1434, and King of Hungary and Croatia from 1440, until his death at the Battle of Varna.W\u0142adys\u0142aw III of Varna is known in Hungarian as I. Ul\u00e1szl\u00f3; in Polish as W\u0142adys\u0142aw Warne\u0144czyk; in Slovak as Vladislav I; in Czech as Vladislav Varnen\u010d\u00edk; in Bulgarian as \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043a (Vladislav Varnenchik); in Lithuanian as Vladislovas III; in Croatian as Vladislav I. Jagelovi\u0107.", "Q40026": "Sylvester Enzio Stallone (; born Michael Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone, July 6, 1946) is an American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer.\nAfter his beginnings as a struggling actor for a number of years upon arriving to New York City in 1969 and later Hollywood in 1974, he won his first critical acclaim as an actor for his co-starring role as Stanley Rosiello in The Lords of Flatbush.Stallone mostly only found gradual work as an extra or side character in films with a sizeable budget until he achieved his greatest critical and commercial success as an actor, starting in 1976 with his self-created role as the boxer Rocky Balboa, in the first film of the successful Rocky series (1976\u20132018). In the films, Rocky is portrayed as an underdog fighter that does battle with numerous brutal opponents, and wins the world heavyweight championship twice. The last two entries in the series are Creed and Creed II, that serve as spin-off films focusing on Adonis \"Donnie\" Creed, the son of the ill-fated boxer Apollo Creed, to whom the long retired Rocky is a mentor. Reprising the role during the 2010s brought Stallone praise, and his first Golden Globe award for the first Creed, as well as a third Oscar nomination, having been first nominated for the same role 40 years prior.Stallone had similar box-office success, portraying the PTSD plagued soldier John Rambo in the five Rambo films (1982\u20132019) and as mercenary Barney Ross in the three The Expendables films (2010\u20132014). He wrote or co-wrote most of the films in his three biggest franchises, and directed many of them.\nStallone's film Rocky was inducted into the National Film Registry, and had its props placed in the Smithsonian Museum. His use of the front entrance to the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the Rocky series led the area to be nicknamed the Rocky Steps, and Philadelphia has a statue of his Rocky character placed permanently near the museum. It was announced on December 7, 2010 that he was voted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in the non-participant category.In 1977, Stallone was nominated for two Academy Awards for Rocky, for Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor. He became the third man in history to receive these two nominations for the same film, after Charlie Chaplin and Orson Welles.", "Q162269": "Jefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808 \u2013 December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as the president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865. As a member of the Democratic Party, he represented Mississippi in the United States Senate and the House of Representatives before the American Civil War. He previously served as the United States Secretary of War from 1853 to 1857 under President Franklin Pierce.\nDavis was born in Fairview, Kentucky, to a moderately prosperous farmer, the youngest of ten children. He grew up in Wilkinson County, Mississippi, and also lived in Louisiana. His eldest brother Joseph Emory Davis secured the younger Davis's appointment to the United States Military Academy. After graduating, Jefferson Davis served six years as a lieutenant in the United States Army. He fought in the Mexican\u2013American War (1846\u20131848), as the colonel of a volunteer regiment. Before the American Civil War, he operated a large cotton plantation in Mississippi, which his brother Joseph gave him, and owned as many as 113 slaves. Although Davis argued against secession in 1858, he believed that states had an unquestionable right to leave the Union.\nDavis married Sarah Knox Taylor, daughter of general and future President Zachary Taylor, in 1835, when he was 27 years old. They were both stricken with malaria soon thereafter, and Sarah died after three months of marriage. Davis recovered slowly and suffered from recurring bouts of the disease throughout his life. At the age of 36, Davis married again, to 18-year-old Varina Howell, a native of Natchez, Mississippi, who had been educated in Philadelphia and had some family ties in the North. They had six children. Only two survived him, and only one married and had children.\nMany historians attribute some of the Confederacy's weaknesses to the poor leadership of Davis. His preoccupation with detail, reluctance to delegate responsibility, lack of popular appeal, feuds with powerful state governors and generals, favoritism toward old friends, inability to get along with people who disagreed with him, neglect of civil matters in favor of military ones, and resistance to public opinion all worked against him. Historians agree he was a much less effective war leader than his Union counterpart, President Abraham Lincoln. After Davis was captured in 1865, he was accused of treason and imprisoned at Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia. He was never tried and was released after two years. While not disgraced, Davis had been displaced in ex-Confederate affection after the war by his leading general, Robert E. Lee. Davis wrote a memoir entitled The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, which he completed in 1881. By the late 1880s, he began to encourage reconciliation, telling Southerners to be loyal to the Union. Ex-Confederates came to appreciate his role in the war, seeing him as a Southern patriot. He became a hero of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy in the post-Reconstruction South.\n\n", "Q1458675": "The Leon Schiller National Higher School of Film, Television and Theatre in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a (Pa\u0144stwowa Wy\u017csza Szko\u0142a Filmowa, Telewizyjna i Teatralna im. Leona Schillera w \u0141odzi) is the leading Polish academy for future actors, directors, photographers, camera operators and TV staff. It was founded on 8 March 1948 in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a and was initially planned to be moved to Warsaw as soon as the city was rebuilt after its destruction during World War II and the Warsaw Uprising. However, in the end the school remained in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a and is one of the most prominent institutions of higher education in the city.", "Q4031": "R\u00fcsselsheim am Main is the largest city in the Gro\u00df-Gerau district in the Rhein-Main region of Germany. It is one of seven special status cities (implementing several functions that counties normally provide) in Hesse and is located on the Main, between Frankfurt and Mainz, only a few kilometres from its mouth in Mainz. The suburbs of Bauschheim and K\u00f6nigst\u00e4dten are included in R\u00fcsselsheim. R\u00fcsselsheim has attained international recognition through the presence of the German car company Adam Opel GmbH.", "Q736463": "Jerzy Janicki (10 August 1928 in Chortkiv \u2013 15 April 2007 in Warsaw) was a Polish writer, journalist and scriptwriter. Author of many radio auditions, among them most famous is the radio drama Matysiakowie. He wrote many books about Kresy, particularly about the city of Lw\u00f3w (now Lviv, Ukraine).", "Q481477": "Anthony Schmalz \"Tony\" Conrad (March 7, 1940 \u2013 April 9, 2016) was an American avant-garde video artist, experimental filmmaker, musician, composer, sound artist, teacher, and writer. Active in a variety of media since the early 1960s, he was a pioneer of both structural film and drone music. He performed and collaborated with a wide range of artists over the course of his career, most prominently the 1960s New York experimental music group Theatre of Eternal Music.", "Q67499": "Herzogenbuchsee is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nThe population is 7055 (2011), counting the villages in the Oberaargau. The traditional name was Buchsi.", "Q123553": "Albert Cohen (August 16, 1895 \u2013 October 17, 1981) was a Greek-born Romaniote Jewish Swiss novelist who wrote in French. He worked as a civil servant for various international organizations, such as the International Labour Organization. He became a Swiss citizen in 1919.", "Q507612": "Mih\u00e1ly V\u00edg (born 1957, Budapest) is a Hungarian composer, poet, songwriter, guitarist and singer; co-founder of bands Trabant (1980\u20131986) and Balaton (1979\u2013present), also known for musical and acting collaborations with film director B\u00e9la Tarr on films including Damnation, S\u00e1t\u00e1ntang\u00f3 (where he also played the lead role), Werckmeister Harmonies, The Man from London and The Turin Horse.", "Q459": "Plovdiv (Bulgarian: \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432, pronounced [\u02c8p\u026b\u0254vdif]) is the second-largest city of Bulgaria located in the historical region of Thrace. It has a population of 346,893 as of 2018 and 675,000 in the greater metropolitan area. Plovdiv is the culture capital of Bulgaria. It is an important economic, transport, cultural, and educational center. There is evidence of habitation in Plovdiv dating back to the 6th millennium BCE, when the first Neolithic settlements were established. It has been considered to be one of the oldest cities in the world.\nDuring most of its recorded history, Plovdiv was known in the West by the name Philippopolis (Greek: \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7; Turkish: Filibe; \"Philip's Town\") after Philip II of Macedon conquered the city in the 4th century BCE. The city was originally a Thracian settlement and subsequently was invaded by Persians, Greeks, Celts, Romans, Goths, Huns, Bulgars, Slavs, Rus people, Crusaders, and Turks. On 4 January 1878, at the end of the Russo-Turkish War (1877\u20131878), Plovdiv was taken away from Ottoman rule by the Russian army. It remained within the borders of Bulgaria until July of the same year, when it became the capital of the autonomous Ottoman region of Eastern Rumelia. In 1885, Plovdiv and Eastern Rumelia joined Bulgaria.\nPlovdiv is situated in a fertile region of south-central Bulgaria on the two banks of the Maritsa River. The city has historically developed on seven syenite hills, some of which are 250 metres (820 feet) high. Because of these hills, Plovdiv is often referred to in Bulgaria as \"The City of the Seven Hills\".\nPlovdiv is host to a huge variety of cultural events such as the International Fair Plovdiv, the international theatrical festival \"A stage on a crossroad\", the TV festival \"The golden chest\", and many more novel festivals, such as Night/Plovdiv in September, Kapana Fest, and Opera Open. There are many preserved ruins such as the ancient Plovdiv Roman theatre, a Roman odeon, a Roman aqueduct, the Plovdiv Roman Stadium, the archaeological complex Eirene, and others.\nThe oldest American educational institution outside the United States, the American College of Sofia, was founded in Plovdiv in 1860 and later moved to Sofia.\nOn 5 September 2014, Plovdiv was selected as the Bulgarian host of the European Capital of Culture 2019 alongside the Italian city of Matera. This happened with the help of the Municipal Foundation \"Plovdiv 2019\u2033, a non-government organization, which was established in 2011 by Plovdiv's City Council whose main objectives were to develop and to prepare Plovdiv's bid book for European Capital of Culture in 2019.", "Q314353": "Cristian Mungiu (Romanian: [kristi\u02c8an mun\u02c8d\u0361\u0292i.u]; born 27 April 1968) is a Romanian filmmaker. He won the Palme d'Or at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival for his film 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days, which he wrote and directed. He has also won the awards for Best Screenplay and Best Director, at the 2012 and 2016 Cannes Film Festivals, for his films Beyond the Hills and Graduation.", "Q49764": "The Left (German: Die Linke, stylised as DIE LiNKE.), also commonly referred to as the Left Party (German: die Linkspartei, pronounced [di\u02d0 \u02c8l\u026a\u014bkspa\u0281\u02ccta\u026a\u032f] (listen)), is a democratic socialist political party in Germany. The party was founded in 2007 as the result of the merger of the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) and Labour and Social Justice \u2013 The Electoral Alternative (WASG). Through PDS, the party is the direct descendant of the Marxist-Leninist ruling party of the former East Germany (GDR), the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED).Since 2012, The Left's co-chairpersons have been Katja Kipping and Bernd Riexinger. The party currently holds 69 seats out of 709 in the Bundestag, the federal legislature of Germany, having won 9.2% of votes cast in the 2017 federal election. Its parliamentary group is the fifth largest of six in the Bundestag, and is headed by parliamentary co-leaders Amira Mohamed Ali and Dietmar Bartsch.\nThe party is represented in ten of Germany's sixteen state legislatures, including all five of the eastern states. The party currently participates in governments in the states of both Berlin and Bremen, where it is a junior partner in a three-party coalition with the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Greens, as well as in Thuringia, where it leads a coalition with the SPD and Greens, headed by Minister-President Bodo Ramelow.\nThe Left is a founding member of the Party of the European Left, and is the third largest party in the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) group in the European Parliament. In September 2019, The Left had 61,055 registered members, making it the sixth largest party in Germany by membership.The party is the most left-wing party of the six represented in the Bundestag. It is described as far-left by some outlets, and is considered to be left-wing populist by some researchers, but the German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (Verfassungsschutz) does not regard the party as extremist or a threat to democracy. However, it does monitor some of its internal factions, such as the Communist Platform and Socialist Left, on account of extremist tendencies, as do some states' constitutional authorities.", "Q66787": "Augustin Souchy Bauer (28 August 1892 \u2013 1 January 1984) was a German anarchist, antimilitarist, labor union official and journalist. He traveled widely and wrote extensively about the Spanish Civil War and intentional communities. He was born in Ratibor, Germany (now Racib\u00f3rz, Poland).", "Q488335": "Kevin Michael Richardson (born October 25, 1964) is an American actor and voice actor, who has played a multitude of characters in animated series and video games. He is known for his distinctively deep voice and has been playing mostly villainous characters since the 1990s. For voicing the Joker in The Batman (2004\u201308), he was nominated for two Daytime Emmy Awards.", "Q68972": "Liestal (Alemannic German: [\u02c8li\u0259\u032f\u0283d\u0325l\u0329], Standard German: [\u02c8li\u02d0stal]), formerly spelled Liesthal, is the capital of Liestal District and the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland, 17 km (11 mi) south of Basel.\nLiestal is an industrial town with a cobbled-street Old Town.\nThe official language of Liestal is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q1636666": "Sean Beavan is a musician, record producer, and audio engineer best known for his work with Nine Inch Nails, Marilyn Manson, Guns N' Roses, God Lives Underwater, and Slayer. His production style is typically heavy, with heavily saturated guitars, but his work is diverse and wide ranging as exemplified by bands like No Doubt to System of a Down, to indie bands like Thrice, Envy on the Coast, Hypernova (band) and 8mm.", "Q352460": "Todd McFarlane (; born March 16, 1961) is a Canadian comic book creator and entrepreneur, best known for his work as the artist on The Amazing Spider-Man and as the writer and artist on the horror-fantasy series Spawn.\nIn the late 1980s and early 1990s, McFarlane became a comic book superstar due to his work on Marvel Comics' Spider-Man franchise, on which he was the artist to draw the first full appearances of the supervillain Venom. In 1992, he helped form Image Comics, pulling the occult anti-hero character Spawn from his high school portfolio and updating him for the 1990s. Spawn was a popular hero in the 1990s and encouraged a trend in creator-owned comic book properties.\nSince leaving inking duties on Spawn with issue No. 70 (February 1998), McFarlane has illustrated comic books less often, focusing on entrepreneurial efforts, such as McFarlane Toys and Todd McFarlane Entertainment, a film and animation studio. In September 2006, it was announced that McFarlane would be the Art Director of the newly formed 38 Studios, formerly Green Monster Games, founded by major league baseball pitcher Curt Schilling. McFarlane used to be a co-owner of the National Hockey League's Edmonton Oilers before selling his shares to Daryl Katz. He is also a high-profile collector of record-breaking baseballs.", "Q2775569": "An engineer (United States and Canada), engine driver, loco pilot, motorman, or train driver (British and Commonwealth English), is a person who drives a train. The driver is in charge of, and responsible for operating the engine, as well as the mechanical operation of the train, train speed, and all train handling.\nFor many American railroads, the following career progression is typical: assistant conductor (brakeman), train conductor and finally the engineer. For many years the Fireman was next in line to be an Engineer but that classification has been eliminated. In the US, drivers are required to be certified and re-certified every two to three years. In American English a hostler moves engines around train yards, but does not take them out on the normal tracks; the British English equivalent is a shunter.\nIn India, a driver starts as a diesel assistant or electrical assistant (in case of electric locomotives). They then get promoted on a scale: goods, passenger, Mail/Express and Rajdhani/Shatabdi/Duronto.In the United States and Canada, train drivers are historically known as \"locomotive engineers\", or \"handlers\". \nIn the United Kingdom, South Africa, New Zealand, and Australia they are known as \"train drivers\", \"engine drivers\", \"locomotive drivers\", or \"locomotive operators\".", "Q727208": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Moncada Tapia (8 December 1870 \u2013 23 February 1945) was the President of Nicaragua from 1 January 1929 to 1 January 1933.", "Q16506": "\u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice (Czech: [\u02c8t\u0283\u025bsk\u025b\u02d0 \u02c8bu\u025f\u025bjov\u026ats\u025b] (listen); German: Budweis; Latin: Budovicium) is a statutory city in the Czech Republic. It is the largest city in the South Bohemian Region as well as its political and commercial capital, the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice, the University of South Bohemia, and the Academy of Sciences. It is located in the center of a valley of the Vltava River, at the confluence with the Mal\u0161e. It is famous for Budweiser.", "Q84064": "Bread and Tulips or Pane e tulipani is a 2000 romance comedy film directed by Italian Director Silvio Soldini. The movie stars Licia Maglietta and Bruno Ganz as Rosalba Barletta and Fernando Girasole. The film was an official selection at numerous film festivals, including the Cannes Film Festival and the Toronto International Film Festival.", "Q491102": "Taldykorgan (Kazakh: \u0422\u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b\u049b\u043e\u0440\u0493\u0430\u043d, romanized: Taldyqor\u01f5an, Tald\u0131qor\u011fan), known as Taldy-Kurgan until 1993, is the capital (called an administrative center) of Almaty Region, Kazakhstan. According to the 2010 Kazakh Census Results, the population 143,407.", "Q236680": "Toshima (\u8c4a\u5cf6\u533a, Toshima-ku) is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. It is one of the eight central wards of the Tokyo Metropolitan area. Located in the northern area of Tokyo, Toshima is bordered by the wards of Nerima, Itabashi, and Kita in the north, and Nakano, Shinjuku and Bunkyo in the south.\nThe ward was founded on March 15, 1947, and reached a peak resident population of 370,000 in 1965. The population has continued to decline and as of May 1, 2015, the ward had an estimated population of 298,250, with a population density of 22,920 persons per km\u00b2. During the day the population swells with commuters, resulting in a daytime population of around 378,475.\nThe total land area of Toshima is 13.01 km\u00b2, sitting on a moderate plateau with a difference of 28 m between the ward's highest and lowest points. Approximately 47% of Toshima's land is residential, and 20% is commercial and public areas.\nAlthough Toshima is a ward, it is referred to as a city. The ward offices are located in Ikebukuro, which is also the commercial and entertainment center of Toshima.\nWith a non-Japanese population of 19,868, or 7.42% of the total, Toshima is one of the most international wards in Tokyo. Of the foreign population, 56% is of Chinese descent, 20% is of Korean descent, with the rest being of primarily Filipino and European descent.", "Q332394": "Absolute Beginners is a 1986 British musical film adapted from Colin MacInnes' book about life in late 1950s London, directed by Julien Temple. The film stars Eddie O' Connell, Patsy Kensit, James Fox, Edward Tudor-Pole, Anita Morris, and David Bowie, with featured appearances by Sade Adu, Ray Davies, and Steven Berkoff. It was screened out of competition at the 1986 Cannes Film Festival. It received immense coverage in the British media but was panned by critics and became a box office failure. However, Bowie's theme song was very popular in the UK, spending nine weeks on the charts and peaking at number two.The commercial failure of Absolute Beginners and two other films is blamed for the collapse of British film studio Goldcrest Films.", "Q38823": "Sayyid Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (UK: khom-AY-nee, US: khohm-; Persian: \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u062d\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200e [\u027eu\u02d0hol\u02c8l\u0252\u02d0he xomej\u02c8ni\u02d0] (listen); 24 September 1902 \u2013 3 June 1989), also known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian politician, revolutionary, and cleric. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which saw the overthrow of the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and the end of the 2,500 year old Persian monarchy. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. He was succeeded by Ali Khamenei on 4 June 1989.\nKhomeini was born in 1902 in Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi Province. His father was murdered in 1903 when Khomeini was five months old. He began studying the Quran and the Persian language from a young age and was assisted in his religious studies by his relatives, including his mother's cousin and older brother.\nKhomeini was a marja (\"source of emulation\") in Twelver Shia Islam, a Mujtahid or faqih (an expert in Sharia) and author of more than 40 books, but he is primarily known for his political activities. He spent more than 15 years in exile for his opposition to the last shah. In his writings and preachings he expanded the theory of welayat-el faqih, the \"Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (clerical authority)\", to include theocratic political rule by Islamic jurists. This principle (though not known to the wider public before the revolution), was appended to the new Iranian constitution after being put to a referendum. According to The New York Times, Khomeini called democracy the equivalent of prostitution. Whether Khomeini's ideas are compatible with democracy and whether he intended the Islamic Republic to be democratic is disputed. He was Time magazine's Man of the Year in 1979 for his international influence, and Khomeini has been described as the \"virtual face of Shia Islam in Western popular culture\". In 1982, he survived one military coup attempt. Khomeini was known for his support of the hostage takers during the Iran hostage crisis, his fatwa calling for the murder of British Indian novelist Salman Rushdie, and for referring to the United States as the \"Great Satan\" and Soviet Union as the \"Lesser Satan.\" Khomeini has been criticized for these acts and for human rights violations of Iranians (including his ordering of execution of thousands of political prisoners, war criminals and prisoners of the Iran\u2013Iraq War).He has also been lauded as a \"charismatic leader of immense popularity\", a \"champion of Islamic revival\" by Shia scholars, who attempted to establish good relations between Sunnis and Shias, and a major innovator in political theory and religious-oriented populist political strategy. Khomeini held the title of Grand Ayatollah and is officially known as Imam Khomeini inside Iran and by his supporters internationally. He is generally referred to as Ayatollah Khomeini by others. In Iran, his gold-domed tomb in Tehran's Behesht-e Zahr\u0101\u02be cemetery has become a shrine for his adherents, and he is legally considered \"inviolable\", with Iranians regularly punished for insulting him.", "Q1458113": "The University of Victoria (commonly known as UVic) is a public research university located in the Greater Victoria municipalities of Oak Bay and Saanich, British Columbia, Canada. The university traces its roots to Victoria College, the first post-secondary institution established in British Columbia in 1903. It operated as an affiliated college until 1963 when it was reorganized into the present University of Victoria. UVic has ranked as the second best comprehensive university in Canada for three successive years.Its campus is situated 7 km north of Downtown Victoria and is spread over 403 acres. The university operates nine academic faculties and schools including the Peter B. Gustavson School of Business and the Faculties of Education, Engineering, Fine Arts, Human & Social Development, Humanities, Law, Science, and Social Sciences.\nIt is the nation's lead institution in the VENUS and NEPTUNE deep-water seafloor observatory projects. The university also hosts and leads the Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions (PICS) and is home to two Environment Canada labs: the Canadian Center for Climate Modelling and Analysis and the Water and Climate Impacts Research Centre. The Ocean Climate Building housed at the Queenswood location is solely dedicated to ocean and climate research. The Institute of Integrated Energy Systems is a leading center for research on sustainable energy solutions and alternative energy sources. The university is also home to Canada's first and only Indigenous Law degree program along with dedicated research centers for Indigenous and Environmental law.Based in the capital city of British Columbia, the university has educated many prominent legal and political leaders, including Jody Wilson-Raybould, Rona Ambrose, and Supreme Court Justice Russell Brown. In recent years, the university counts amongst its alumni the founders of several leading technology companies, including Flickr, Slack, and Hootsuite. The University of Victoria has also produced several Rhodes and Gates Scholars and its alumni and faculty have worked on Nobel Prize winning research teams. As of 2018, the university has been home to more than 40 Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada.", "Q133026": "Kolomna (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043b\u00f3\u043c\u043d\u0430, IPA: [k\u0250\u02c8lomn\u0259]) is an ancient city of Moscow Oblast, Russia, situated at the confluence of the Moskva and Oka Rivers, 114 kilometers (71 mi) (by rail) southeast of Moscow. Population: 144,589\u2009(2010 Census); 150,129\u2009(2002 Census); 161,881\u2009(1989 Census).\n\n", "Q1292441": "Edward Howland Robinson \"Ned\" Green (August 22, 1868 \u2013 June 8, 1936), also known as Colonel Green, was an American businessman, the only son of the miser Hetty Green (the \"Witch of Wall Street\"). In the late 19th century, he became a political ally in the Republican Party of William Madison McDonald, a prominent African-American politician.\nAfter his mother's death in 1916 and his inheritance of half her fortune, Green built a mansion in Round Hill, Massachusetts. He was noted for his stamp and coin collections.", "Q117190": "Peter Monteverdi (7 June 1934 \u2013 4 July 1998) was a Swiss carmaker and creator of the car brand Monteverdi.\nAt the beginning of his career, Monteverdi was a car salesman. His father ran a garage and truck business, which Peter used as his initial inspiration. He built his Monteverdi Special in 1952 using the remains of a wrecked 1949 Fiat. It is now on display at the Swiss Transport Museum in Lucerne. In 1957 he acquired the Swiss franchise for Ferrari, subsequently becoming Swiss importer for other international prestige brands including Rolls-Royce and Bentley. In 1952, he started producing cars under his own name.", "Q166769": "Katrina Elizabeth Leskanich (born April 10, 1960) is an American musician, author and former lead singer of British-American pop rock band Katrina and the Waves whose song \"Walking on Sunshine\" was an international hit in 1985 and who in 1997 won the Eurovision Song Contest for the United Kingdom with the song \"Love Shine a Light\".", "Q947873": "A television presenter is a person who introduces or hosts television programs (or segments thereof such as an infomercial advertiser). Nowadays, it is common for personalities in other fields to take on this role, but some people have made their name solely within the field of presenting, particularly within children's television series, to become television personalities.", "Q4014724": "Vixen 03 is an adventure novel by Clive Cussler. This is the fourth book to feature the author's primary protagonist Dirk Pitt.", "Q33976": "Sardinian or Sard (sardu/sadru [\u02c8sa\u027edu/\u02c8sadru], limba sarda [\u02c8limba \u02c8za\u027eda] or l\u00ecngua sarda [\u02c8li\u014b\u0261u.a \u02c8za\u027eda]) is a Romance language spoken by the Sardinians on the Western Mediterranean island of Sardinia. Many Romance linguists consider it the closest genealogical descendant to Latin. However, it also incorporates a Pre-Latin (mostly Paleo-Sardinian and, to a much lesser degree, Punic) substratum, as well as a Byzantine Greek, Catalan, Spanish and Italian superstratum due to the political history of the island, which became a Byzantine possession followed by a significant period of self-rule, fell into the Iberian sphere of influence in the late Middle Ages, and eventually into the Italian one in the 18th century.\nIn 1997, Sardinian was recognized by a regional law, along with other languages spoken on the island; in 1999, Sardinian was also granted recognition by the national Law no. 482/1999 with other eleven minoranze linguistiche storiche (\"historical linguistic minorities\"), among which Sardinian stands out as the numerically biggest, even if continuously decreasing.However, the vitality of the Sardinian-speaking community is threatened, and UNESCO classifies the language as \"definitely endangered\", although an estimated 68.4 percent of the islanders reported to have a good oral command of Sardinian in 2007. While the level of language competence is in fact relatively high among the older generation beyond retirement age, it has been estimated to have dropped to less than 13 percent among children, with Sardinian being kept as a heritage language.\n\n", "Q72094": "Rudolf Pannwitz (27 May 1881 in Crossen/Oder, Province of Brandenburg, Prussia \u2013 23 March 1969 in Astano, Ticino, Switzerland) was a German writer, poet and philosopher. His thought combined nature philosophy, Nietzsche, an opposition to nihilism and pan-European internationalism: Pannwitz's elusive, difficult goal may be seen as the complete re-evaluation of man, art, science and culture envisaged as the expression of an evolving cosmos obeying the laws of eternal recurrence, with Nietzsche-Zarathustra as the supreme prophet.", "Q242101": "Kat\u00f3 Lomb (P\u00e9cs, February 8, 1909 \u2013 Budapest, June 9, 2003) was a Hungarian interpreter, translator and one of the first simultaneous interpreters in the world. \nOriginally she graduated in physics and chemistry, but her interest soon led her to languages. Native in Hungarian, she was able to interpret fluently in nine or ten languages (in four of them even without preparation), and she translated technical literature and read belles-lettres in six languages.She was able to understand journalism in further eleven languages. As she put it, altogether she earned money with sixteen languages (Bulgarian, Chinese, Danish, English, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, Ukrainian). She learned these languages mostly by self-effort, as an autodidact. Her aims to acquire these languages were most of all practical, to satisfy her interest.\nAccording to her own account, her long life was highlighted not primarily by the command of languages but the actual study of them. Through her books, published in Hungarian in several editions as well as in some other languages, interviews (in print and on the air) and conversations, she tried to share this joy with generations. As an interpreter, she visited five continents, saw forty countries, and reported about her experiences and adventures in a separate book (Egy tolm\u00e1cs a vil\u00e1g k\u00f6r\u00fcl, \"An interpreter around the world\").", "Q3026057": "Wives and Daughters is a 1999 four-part BBC serial adapted from the novel Wives and Daughters: An Everyday Story by Victorian author Elizabeth Gaskell.The series was a joint production of the BBC and WGBH Boston, an American public broadcast station and 'won high audience ratings' when it first screened in the UK in 1999. Its audience rivalry with an adaptation of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist, screened on ITV at the same time, was dubbed 'the battle of the bonnets'. It appeared in the US on BBC America in August 2000 and was later shown on PBS.It focuses on Molly Gibson (Justine Waddell), the daughter of the town doctor, and the changes that occur in her life after her widowed father chooses to remarry. The union brings into her once-quiet life an ever-proper stepmother (Francesca Annis) who is 'too vain and shallow to care for anything beyond her improved social status'. Also a flirtatious stepsister, Cynthia (Keeley Hawes), while a friendship with the local squire brings about an unexpected romance. A New York Times review of the series in 2001 said 'The entire cast gets the characters right.'Written by Andrew Davies, produced by Sue Birtwistle and directed by Nicholas Renton, the programme also features Michael Gambon, Penelope Wilton, Bill Paterson and Rosamund Pike.", "Q156872": "Slade are an English rock band formed in Wolverhampton in 1966. They rose to prominence during the glam rock era in the early 1970s, achieving 17 consecutive top 20 hits and six number ones on the UK Singles Chart. The British Hit Singles & Albums names them the most successful British group of the 1970s based on sales of singles. They were the first act to have three singles enter the charts at number one; all six of the band's chart-toppers were penned by Noddy Holder and Jim Lea. As of 2006, total UK sales stand at 6,520,171, and their best-selling single, \"Merry Xmas Everybody\", has sold in excess of one million copies. According to the 1999 BBC documentary It's Slade, the band have sold over 50 million records worldwide.Following an unsuccessful move to the U.S. in 1975, Slade's popularity in the UK waned, but was unexpectedly revived in 1980 when they were last-minute replacements for Ozzy Osbourne at the Reading Rock Festival. The band later acknowledged this to have been one of the highlights of their career. The original line-up split in 1992, but reformed later in the year as Slade II. The band have continued, with a number of line-up changes, to the present day. They have also shortened the group name back to Slade.\nA number of artists from diverse genres have cited Slade as an influence, including Nirvana, Smashing Pumpkins, Ramones, Sex Pistols, The Undertones, The Runaways, The Clash, Kiss, M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce, Poison, Def Leppard, Twisted Sister, Quiet Riot, The Replacements, Cheap Trick, and Oasis. The Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Music tells of Holder's powerful vocals, guitarist Dave Hill's equally arresting dress sense, and the deliberate misspelling of their song titles (such as \"Cum On Feel the Noize\" and \"Mama Weer All Crazee Now\") for which they became well known.", "Q331845": "Hjalmar Emil Fredrik S\u00f6derberg (2 July 1869 \u2013 14 October 1941) was a Swedish novelist, playwright, poet and journalist. His works often deal with melancholy and lovelorn characters, and offer a rich portrayal of contemporary Stockholm through the eyes of the flaneur. S\u00f6derberg is greatly appreciated in his native country, and is sometimes considered to be the equal of August Strindberg.", "Q448111": "Rebecca Saunders (born 19 December 1967) is a London-born composer who lives and works freelance in Berlin. In a 2017 Classic Voice poll of the greatest works of art music since 2000, the number of total votes received by Saunders compositions was the third highest (30), surpassed only by the works of Georg Friedrich Haas (49) and Simon Steen-Andersen (35).", "Q252312": "Norra begravningsplatsen, literally \"The Northern Cemetery\" in Swedish, is a major cemetery of the Stockholm urban area, located in Solna Municipality. Inaugurated on 9 June 1827, it is the burial site for a number of Swedish notables.", "Q471948": "Johan Collett M\u00fcller Borgen (28 April 1902 \u2013 16 October 1979) was a Norwegian author, journalist and critic. His best-known work is the novel Lillelord for which he was awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature in 1955.", "Q88886": "Heinz Nittel (1931\u20131981), a leader of the Austrian Socialist party and the president of the Austrian-Israeli Friendship League, was shot to death on 1 May 1981 outside his home in Vienna by Hesham Mohammed Rajeh, 21, born in Iraq. Rajeh was also indicted for the 1981 Vienna synagogue attack.", "Q62287": "Hermann Ernst Franz Bernhard, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (31 August 1832 \u2013 9 March 1913) was the 6th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and the second son of Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and Princess Feodora of Leiningen (half-sister of Queen Victoria).\nHe succeeded to the title of Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (F\u00fcrst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg) on 21 April 1860, when his elder brother signed over his rights to the throne. He died on 9 March 1913 in Langenburg, Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg, German Empire (present-day Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany).", "Q160318": "Norodom Sihanouk (Khmer: \u1793\u179a\u17c4\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1798 \u179f\u17b8\u17a0\u1793\u17bb; 31 October 1922 \u2013 15 October 2012) was head of state of Cambodia numerous times. In Cambodia, he is known as Samdech Euv (Khmer: \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178f\u17c1\u1785\u17aa, father prince). During his lifetime Cambodia was variously called the French Protectorate of Cambodia (until 1953), the Kingdom of Cambodia (1953\u201370), the Khmer Republic (1970\u201375), Democratic Kampuchea (1975\u201379), the People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979\u201393), and again the Kingdom of Cambodia (from 1993).\nSihanouk became king of Cambodia in 1941 upon the death of his maternal grandfather, King Monivong. After the Japanese occupation of Cambodia during the Second World War, he secured Cambodian independence from France. He abdicated in 1955 and was succeeded by his father, Suramarit. Sihanouk's political organization Sangkum won the general elections that year and he became prime minister of Cambodia. He governed it under one-party rule, suppressed political dissent, and declared himself Head of State in 1960. Officially neutral in foreign relations, in practice he was closer to the communist bloc. The Cambodian coup of 1970 ousted him and he fled to China and North Korea, there forming a government-in-exile and resistance movement. He encouraged Cambodians to fight the new government and backed the Khmer Rouge during the Cambodian Civil War. He returned as figurehead head of state after the Khmer Rouge's victory in 1975. His relations with the new government declined and in 1976 he resigned. He was placed under house arrest until Vietnamese forces overthrew the Khmer Rouge in 1979.\nSihanouk went into exile again and in 1981 formed FUNCINPEC, a resistance party. The following year, he became president of the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK), a broad coalition of anti-Vietnamese resistance factions which retained Cambodia's seat at the United Nations, making him Cambodia's internationally recognized head of state. In the late 1980s, informal talks were carried out to end hostilities between the Vietnam-supported People's Republic of Kampuchea and the CGDK. In 1990, the Supreme National Council of Cambodia was formed as a transitional body to oversee Cambodia's sovereign matters, with Sihanouk as its president. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords were signed and the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) was established the following year. The UNTAC organized the 1993 Cambodian general elections, and a coalition government, jointly led by his son Norodom Ranariddh and Hun Sen, was subsequently formed. He was reinstated as Cambodia's king. He abdicated again in 2004 and the Royal Council of the Throne chose his son, Sihamoni, as his successor. Sihanouk died in Beijing in 2012.\nBetween 1941 and 2006, Sihanouk produced and directed 50 films, some of which he acted in. The films, later described as being of low quality, often featured nationalistic elements, as did a number of the songs he wrote. Some of his songs were about his wife Queen Monique, the nations neighboring Cambodia, and the communist leaders who supported him in his exile. In the 1980s Sihanouk held concerts for diplomats in New York City. He also participated in concerts at his palace during his second reign.", "Q2497232": "The Brazilian Academy of Sciences (Portuguese: Academia Brasileira de Ci\u00eancias or ABC) is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.", "Q1249251": "Missouri State University (MSU or MO State) is a public university in Springfield, Missouri. Founded in 1905 as the Fourth District Normal School, it is the state's second largest university campus by enrollment, with an official system enrollment of 26,001 in the fall semester of 2019. The Springfield campus is one of two degree-granting institutions operated by the school, the other being a two-year campus in West Plains, Missouri. An associate degree in arts and a bachelor's degree in business is offered at Liaoning Normal University in China. In addition to its main campus, MSU maintains a fruit research station in Mountain Grove, Missouri and the Department of Defense and Strategic Studies program in Fairfax, Virginia.", "Q275961": "Lindsey Shaw (born May 10, 1989) is an American actress. She is known for playing Jennifer \"Moze\" Mosely on the Nickelodeon series Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide. She also co-starred in the 2007 CW sitcom Aliens in America, and was the lead on ABC Family's 2009 comedy series 10 Things I Hate About You. From 2011\u20132017 she played the recurring role of Paige McCullers on the ABC Family teen drama series Pretty Little Liars.", "Q862365": "William McLane, better known as Bill Pemberton (March 5, 1918 in New York City \u2013 December 13, 1984 in New York City) was an American jazz double-bassist.\nPemberton played violin as a child before switching to bass. He was in Frankie Newton's orchestra from 1941 to 1945 and then worked with Herman \"Ivory\" Chittison, Mercer Ellington, Eddie Barefield, and Billy Kyle later in the 1940s. In the 1950s he worked with Art Tatum and Rex Stewart, and from 1966 to 1969 was Earl Hines's bassist, including for international tours and at the 1967 Newport Jazz Festival and Monterey Jazz Festival. He also worked with Buck Clayton in 1967. In 1969 he joined the JPJ quartet alongside Budd Johnson, Oliver Jackson, and Dill Jones, and remained with the group until 1975; concomitantly he played with Ruby Braff, Max Kaminsky, and Vic Dickenson. He rejoined Hines in 1977, playing in Europe with him and Benny Carter. Late in his career he played with Panama Francis, Bill Coleman, and Doc Cheatham.", "Q657089": "The Workers' Party (Portuguese: Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT) is a political party in Brazil. Some scholars classify its ideology as social democracy. Founded in 1980, it is one of the largest parties in Latin America. PT governed at the federal level in a coalition government with several other parties from 1 January 2003 to 31 August 2016. After the 2002 parliamentary election, PT became the largest party in the Chamber of Deputies and the largest in the Federal Senate for the first time With the highest approval rating in the history of the country, former President Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva is PT's most prominent member. His successor Dilma Rousseff, also a member of PT, took office on 1 January 2011 and was impeached in 2016.\nBoth born among the opposition to the coup d'\u00e9tat of 1964 and the subsequent military dictatorship, PT and the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) from 1994 to 2014 were the biggest adversaries in contemporary Brazilian politics, with their candidates finishing either first or second on the ballot on the last six presidential elections. Both parties generally prohibit any kind of coalition or official cooperation with each other.\nDespite its relatively large number of supporters, the party has been involved in a number of corruption scandals since Lula first came to power and saw its popular support plummet between 2010 and 2016, with presidential approval ratings falling from over 80% to 9%. The party's symbols are the red flag with a white star in the center; the five-pointed red star, inscribed with the initials PT in the center; and the Workers Party's anthem. Workers' Party's TSE (Superior Electoral Court) Identification Number is 13.", "Q1701974": "John Turtle Wood (13 February 1821 \u2013 25 March 1890) was an English architect, engineer and archaeologist.", "Q1453052": "Mapai (Hebrew: \u05de\u05b7\u05e4\u05b8\u05bc\u05d0\"\u05d9, an acronym for \u05de\u05b4\u05e4\u05b0\u05dc\u05b6\u05d2\u05b6\u05ea \u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e2\u05b2\u05dc\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d0\u05b6\u05e8\u05b6\u05e5 \u05d9\u05b4\u05e9\u05b0\u05c2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc, Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael, lit. \"Workers' Party of the Land of Israel\") was a centre-left political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger into the modern-day Israeli Labor Party in 1968. During Mapai's time in office, a wide range of progressive reforms were carried out, as characterised by the establishment of a welfare state, providing minimum income, security, and free (or almost free) access to housing subsidies and health and social services.", "Q33962": "Sanremo or San Remo (Italian: [san\u02c8r\u025b\u02d0mo]; Ligurian: Sanr\u00e9mu, locally Sanr\u0153mu) is a city and comune on the Mediterranean coast of Liguria, in northwestern Italy. Founded in Roman times, it has a population of 55,000, and is known as a tourist destination on the Italian Riviera. It hosts numerous cultural events, such as the Sanremo Music Festival and the Milan\u2013San Remo cycling classic.", "Q6419842": "Klaus Bechgaard (March 5, 1945 \u2013 March 7, 2017) was a Danish scientist and chemist, noted for being one of the first scientists in the world to synthesize a number of organic charge transfer complexes and demonstrate their superconductivity, therefore the name Bechgaard salt. These salts all exhibit superconductivity at low temperatures.\nThe first unconventional superconductor composed of organic material, was discovered by Bechgaard and Denis Jerome in 1979. This discovery garnered attention in the international scientific community, and for a period he was one of the most cited scientists in the field of natural sciences. He also received a nomination for the Nobel Prize in chemistry for this discovery.\n\n", "Q86667": "Karl-Otto Saur (February 16, 1902 in D\u00fcsseldorf \u2013 July 28, 1966 in Pullach) was State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production in Germany during the Nazi era and de jure last defence minister of the Third Reich.\nSaur was an engineer by profession. After graduation, he joined Thyssen AG, where he became the director of the August Thyssen-H\u00fctte. He was a member of the NSDAP from 1931. He joined the National Socialist Guild of German Engineers and the Todt Organization where he rose to be the right-hand man to Fritz Todt.\nFollowing Todt's death in a 1942 plane crash, Saur became official deputy to the new armaments minister Albert Speer. Saur was seen as particularly ruthless in the enforcement of military targets, was involved in all aspects of increasing production, including orders that regulated the flow of slave labour towards the end of World War II. From March 1944, he managed the day-to-day operations of the J\u00e4gerstab (Fighter Staff), a task force established by Speer to drive increase in fighter aircraft production.\nIn his political testament, Adolf Hitler named Karl-Otto Saur as the new defence minister (Minister of Munitions (R\u00fcstung)). From May 1945 Saur was in American custody. In 1948 he became a witness for the prosecution at the Nuremberg Krupp trials - the Americans offered him immunity from prosecution for war crimes if he turned in state evidence, as they wanted a trial to demonstrate the collective guilt of German industry. For this he was viewed as a traitor by industry and was socially isolated. During denazification he was classified as \"fellow traveller\" and was released shortly afterwards.\nSaur founded an engineering consultancy in 1949, and also started a small publishing house. The resulting company Saur Verlag only became economically successful from the beginning of the 1960s under his son Klaus Gerhard Saur.", "Q110833": "Alfred Roth (born 27 April 1879 in Stuttgart \u2013 died 9 October 1948 in Hamburg) was a German politician and writer noted for his anti-Semitism. He was sometimes known by his pseudonym Otto Arnim. Away from politics, he was a leading figure in the Commercial Employees Union.", "Q320784": "Petr Borkovec (April 17, 1970, Lou\u0148ovice pod Blan\u00edkem) is a Czech poet, translator and journalist.He studied Czech language and literature at the Philosophical Faculty of the Charles University but did not finish his studies.\nHis poems have been translated into almost all European languages. His books have been published in Austria and in Italy. Borkovec translates mostly 20th-century Russian poetry.", "Q179885": "The Society of the Friends of the Constitution (French: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des amis de la Constitution), after 1792 renamed Society of the Jacobins, Friends of Freedom and Equality (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Jacobins, amis de la libert\u00e9 et de l'\u00e9galit\u00e9), commonly known as the Jacobin Club (Club des Jacobins) or simply the Jacobins (; French: [\u0292ak\u0254b\u025b\u0303]), became the most influential political club during the French Revolution of 1789. The period of their political ascendancy includes the Reign of Terror, during which time well over ten thousand people were put on trial and executed in France, many for political crimes.\nInitially founded in 1789 by anti-royalist deputies from Brittany, the club grew into a nationwide republican movement, with a membership estimated at a half million or more. The Jacobin Club was heterogeneous and included both prominent parliamentary factions of the early 1790s, the Mountain and the Girondins. In 1792\u20131793 the Girondins were more prominent in leading France, the period when France declared war on Austria and on Prussia, overthrew the monarchy and set up the Republic. In May 1793 the leaders of the Mountain faction led by Maximilien Robespierre succeeded in sidelining the Girondin faction and controlled the government until July 1794. Their time in government featured high levels of political violence, and for this reason the period of the Jacobin/Mountain government is identified as the Reign of Terror. In October 1793, 21 prominent Girondins were guillotined. The Mountain-dominated government executed 17,000 opponents nationwide, purportedly to suppress the Vend\u00e9e insurrection and the Federalist revolts and to prevent any other insurrections. In July 1794 the National Convention pushed the administration of Robespierre and his allies out of power and had Robespierre and 21 associates executed. In November 1794 the Jacobin Club closed.\nToday, the terms \"Jacobin\" and \"Jacobinism\" are used in a variety of senses. In Britain, where the term \"Jacobin\" has been linked primarily to the Mountain, it is sometimes used as a pejorative for radical left-wing revolutionary politics, especially when it exhibits dogmatism and violent repression. In France, \"Jacobin\" now generally indicates a supporter of a centralized republican state and of strong central government powers and/or supporters of extensive government intervention to transform society. It is also used in other related senses, indicating proponents of a state education system which strongly promotes and inculcates civic values and proponents of a strong nation-state capable of resisting any undesirable foreign interference.", "Q9267": "Turkmen (T\u00fcrkmen\u00e7e, \u0422\u04af\u0440\u043a\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435, \u062a\u06c6\u0631\u06a9\u0645\u0646\u0686\u0647\u200e, [t\u028f\u027ekm\u025bnt\u0283\u025b] or t\u00fcrkmen dili, \u0442\u04af\u0440\u043a\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u062a\u06c6\u0631\u06a9\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u06cc\u200e, [t\u028f\u027ekm\u025bn d\u026al\u026a]) is an Oghuz Turkic language spoken by the Turkmens of Central Asia and the official language of Turkmenistan. It has an estimated five million native speakers in Turkmenistan, a further 719,000 speakers in Northeastern Iran, and 1.5 million people in Northwestern Afghanistan.However, many Iranian \"Turkmen\" are speakers of Khorasani Turkic. Moreover, Iraqi and Syrian \"Turkmen\" speak dialects that form a continuum between Turkish and Azerbaijani, in both cases heavily influenced by Arabic. These three varieties are not Turkmen in the sense of this article.", "Q1905845": "Martyn Charles Brabbins (born 13 August 1959) is a British conductor. The fourth of five children in his family, he learned to play the euphonium, and then the trombone during his youth at Towcester Studio Brass Band. He later studied composition at Goldsmiths, University of London. He subsequently studied conducting with Ilya Musin at the Leningrad Conservatory.\nBrabbins first came to international attention when he was awarded first prize at the Leeds Conductors Competition in 1988. Between 1994 and 2005, Brabbins was Associate Principal Conductor of the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra. He became principal conductor of Sinfonia 21 in 1994. He was artistic director of the Cheltenham Music Festival from 2005 to 2007. During his Cheltenham tenure, he established a new ensemble, the Festival Players. In Leeds, he created a new chamber music series called \"Music in Transition\". On 17 July 2011, Brabbins conducted the 6th live performance of Havergal Brian's Symphony No. 1 \"The Gothic\", at The Proms, which was later released on a Hyperion commercial recording. Brabbins was subsequently named president of the Havergal Brian Society. Brabbins is also conductor laureate of the Huddersfield Choral Society. In 2002, Brabbins founded a training course for aspiring conductors at the St Magnus International Festival in Orkney, which he continues to co-direct.\nOutside of the UK, Brabbins became principal guest conductor of deFilharmonie (Royal Flemish Philharmonic) in 2009. He held the position of chief conductor of the Nagoya Philharmonic Orchestra from 2012 to 2016.\nBrabbins first guest-conducted at English National Opera (ENO) in 2012, in a production of Vaughan Williams' The Pilgrim's Progress. On 21 October 2016, ENO named Brabbins its next music director, with immediate effect. His initial ENO contract is until October 2020.Brabbins has conducted commercial recordings of music for such labels as Warner, Chandos, Hyperion, NMC, Nimbus, and Deutsche Grammophon.Brabbins and his wife Karen (n\u00e9e Evans) met at Goldsmiths. The couple married in 1985, and have three children. In January 2013, the University of Bristol awarded Brabbins an honorary degree, of Doctor of Music honoris causa.", "Q359521": "Matthew Frederick Robert Good (born June 29, 1971) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. He was the lead singer and songwriter for the Matthew Good Band, one of the most successful alternative rock bands in Canada during the 1990s and early 2000s. Since the band disbanded in 2002, Good has pursued a solo career and established himself as a political commentator and mental health activist. Between 1996 and 2016, with the sales of the Matthew Good Band included, Good was the 25th best-selling Canadian artist in Canada. Good has received 21 Juno Award nominations during his career, winning four.", "Q711976": "Mark Vincent Hurd (January 1, 1957 \u2013 October 18, 2019) was an American technology executive who served as Co-CEO and as a member of the board of directors of Oracle Corporation. He had previously served as Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and president of Hewlett-Packard, before resigning in 2010. He was also on the Board of Directors of Globality and was a member of the Technology CEO Council and board of directors of News Corporation until 2010.", "Q249040": "In the Electric Mist (French title: Dans la brume \u00e9lectrique) is a 2009 Franco-American mystical drama film directed by Bertrand Tavernier, written by Jerzy Kromolowski and Mary Olson-Kromolowski based on the novel In the Electric Mist with Confederate Dead by James Lee Burke, and stars Tommy Lee Jones in the lead role of Louisiana police detective Dave Robicheaux.The film has never been released cinematically in the United States; only in Europe and Asia. It was shown twice on just one evening in author Burke's hometown of New Iberia, Louisiana. A trimmed-down version (102:00 minutes NTSC), cut by the studio, was released direct-to-DVD in the United States. A longer director's cut version (112:23 minutes) was released in the rest of the world and premiered at the 2009 Berlin International Film Festival. In 2009, the director's cut version won the Grand Prix at the first \"Festival International du Film Policier de Beaune\", which is the continuation of the \"Festival du Film Policier de Cognac.\" It opened on April 15, 2009 in France to positive reviews while reviews for the American version were mostly positive (64 percent on Rotten Tomatoes).In December 2009, Bertrand Tavernier released a book titled Pas \u00e0 Pas dans la Brume \u00c9lectrique (Step by Step into The Electric Mist), which is a day-by-day account of the shooting of this movie.In the Electric Mist is a sequel to 1996's Heaven's Prisoners, also adapted from a Burke novel. The character of Dave Robicheaux at that time was an ex-homicide detective in the swamplands of Louisiana and was portrayed by Alec Baldwin.\nThe film marked the acting debut of musician Buddy Guy as Sam \"Hogman\" Patin.", "Q2917911": "Lionel Poil\u00e2ne (June 10, 1945 \u2013 October 31, 2002) was a French baker and entrepreneur whose commitment to crafting quality bread earned him worldwide renown. \nPoil\u00e2ne is widely known for a round, two-kilogram sourdough country bread referred to as a miche or pain Poil\u00e2ne. This bread is often referred to as whole-wheat but in fact is not: the flour used is mostly so-called grey flour of 85% extraction (meaning that some but not all of the wheat bran is retained). According to Poil\u00e2ne's own website, the dough also contains 30% spelt, an ancestor of wheat.", "Q49016": "Robert Rodat is an American film and television writer and television producer. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for writing Steven Spielberg's war epic Saving Private Ryan.", "Q314421": "Jason Matthew Biggs (born May 12, 1978) is an American actor and comedian. He played Jim Levenstein in the American Pie comedy film series, and Larry Bloom in the Netflix original series Orange Is the New Black. He also starred in Boys and Girls, Loser, Saving Silverman, Anything Else, Jersey Girl, Eight Below, Over Her Dead Body, and My Best Friend's Girl. Biggs initially gained recognition from his role in the soap opera As the World Turns, for which he was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series in 1995.", "Q1471595": "\u00d3budai cemetery (Hungarian: \u00d3budai temet\u0151) is a cemetery in \u00d3buda-B\u00e9k\u00e1smegyer, the 3rd district of Budapest. It lies at the foot of Arany-hegy and Testv\u00e9r-hegy. It was opened in 1910 and in 1922 the \u00d3buda Jewish Cemetery was added. The cemetery does not have a long history, but many famous people are buried there.\nThe cemetery is bordered by B\u00e9csi \u00fat, Pom\u00e1zi \u00fat, and the river Aranyhegyi-Patak. Its area is 25.4 hectares (63 acres).", "Q71589": "Claus Theo G\u00e4rtner (born 19 April 1943) is a German television actor mainly known for his role as Josef Matula, the main character in the German detective show series Ein Fall f\u00fcr Zwei (A Case For Two).\nG\u00e4rtner spent his youth in Austria, the United States and southeastern Asia. He has studied music in Braunschweig and Hannover. He made his theatre debut in G\u00f6ttingen. In his youth, G\u00e4rtner was actively involved in the activities of the German socialistic students' association.\nSince 1981, G\u00e4rtner has starred as the private detective Josef Matula in 300 episodes. G\u00e4rtner is also known as a car enthusiast. Since 1967 he participated in numerous car races, and drove cars as a test-driver for a German manufacturer. He does his own car stunts in the series.\nOn 20 September 2008 he married his fianc\u00e9e Sarah W\u00fcrgler, 35 years his junior, in Winterthur. Claus Theo and Sarah had been having a relationship for 6 years prior to the wedding.", "Q963709": "Tokai University (\u6771\u6d77\u5927\u5b66, T\u014dkai Daigaku) is a private university founded by Dr. Shigeyoshi Matsumae with its headquarters in Tokyo, Japan. It was accredited under the Japan's old educational system in 1946 and under the new system in 1950. In 2008, Tokai University, Kyushu Tokai University, and Hokkaido Tokai University were consolidated and reorganized into Tokai University.", "Q46325": "Sfax (Arabic: \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0633\u200e \u1e62f\u0101qes; Berber languages: \u2d59\u2d49\u2d3c\u2d30\u2d3d\u2d59 Sifaks) is a city in Tunisia, located 270 km (170 mi) southeast of Tunis. The city, founded in AD 849 on the ruins of Roman Taparura, is the capital of the Sfax Governorate (about 955,421 inhabitants in 2014), and a Mediterranean port. Sfax has a population of 330,440 (census 2014). The main economic activities of Sfax are industries (phosphate processing), agriculture (olive and olive oil, nuts), fishing (largest fishing port in Tunisia) and trade (import-export). The city is often described as Tunisia's \"second city\", being the second-most populous city after the capital Tunis.", "Q1299500": "Kim Floor, born 14 March 1948 in Porvoo, is a Finnish singer, actor and television host. P\u00e4ivi Paunu and Kim Floor represented Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1972 with the song \"Muistathan\" (\"I Hope You Remember\"). In the 1990s, Floor hosted the television game show Onnenpy\u00f6r\u00e4, the Finnish version of Wheel of Fortune.", "Q1311990": "Grand Principality of Serbia (Serbian: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430 / Veliko\u017eupanska Srbija), also known as Ra\u0161ka (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0420\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430, Latin: Rascia) was a Serbian medieval state that comprised parts of what is today Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and southern Dalmatia, being centred in the region of Ra\u0161ka (hence its exonym). The state was formed in ca. 1091 out of a vassal principality of Duklja, a Serb state which had itself emerged from the early medieval Serbian Principality that was centred in Ra\u0161ka until 960, when it was left in obscurity in sources after the Byzantine\u2013Bulgarian wars. Its founder, Vukan, took the title of Grand Prince when his uncle and overlord Constantine Bodin ended up in Byzantine prison after decades of revolt. While Duklja was struck with civil wars, Ra\u0161ka continued the fight against the Byzantines. It was ruled by the Vukanovi\u0107 dynasty, who managed to put most of the former Serbian state under their rule, as well as expanding to the south and east. Through diplomatic ties with Hungary it managed to retain its independence past the mid-12th century. After a dynastic civil war in 1166, Stefan Nemanja emerged victorious. Nemanja's son Stefan was crowned king in 1217, while his younger son Rastko (monk Sava) was ordinated the first Archbishop of Serbs in 1219.", "Q61942": "Bad Mergentheim (listen ; Mergentheim until 1926; East Franconian: M\u00e4rchedol) is a town in the Main-Tauber-Kreis district in the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. It has a population of around 23,000. An officially recognized spa town since 1926, Bad Mergentheim is also known as the headquarters of the Teutonic Order from 1526 until 1809.", "Q6962879": "Annie \"Nancy\" Mary Pryde Nicholson (1899\u20131977) was an English painter and fabric designer.", "Q496679": "Chung Won-shik (5 August 1928 \u2013 12 April 2020) was a South Korean politician, educator, soldier, and author. He was the 21st Prime Minister of South Korea.", "Q133032": "Hungarians, also known as Magyars (Hungarian: magyarok), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarorsz\u00e1g) and historical Hungarian lands who share a common ancestry, culture, history and language. Hungarian belongs to the Uralic language family. There are an estimated 14.2\u201314.5 million ethnic Hungarians and their descendants worldwide, of whom 9.6 million live in today's Hungary (as of 2016). About 2.2 million Hungarians live in areas that were part of the Kingdom of Hungary before the Treaty of Trianon and are now parts of Hungary's seven neighbouring countries, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia and Austria. Significant groups of people with Hungarian ancestry live in various other parts of the world, most of them in the United States, Canada, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Australia, and Argentina.\nHungarians can be classified into several subgroups according to local linguistic and cultural characteristics; subgroups with distinct identities include the Sz\u00e9kelys, the Cs\u00e1ng\u00f3s, the Pal\u00f3c and the Maty\u00f3. The J\u00e1sz people are considered to be an originally Iranic ethnic group more closely related to the Ossetians than to other Hungarians.", "Q40032": "Theodore Raymond Knight (born March 26, 1973) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Dr. George O'Malley on the ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy. Having acted on stage since the age of five, Knight had starred on Broadway, off-Broadway, and theatre productions in his home state of Minnesota. He received a Drama Desk Award nomination for his performance in MCC Theater's Scattergood in 2003. He received a nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series at the 59th Primetime Emmy Awards.", "Q517415": "Europop (also Euro pop) is a style of pop music that originated in Europe during the late 1960s and developed to today's form throughout the late 1970s. Europop topped the charts throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Many successful Europop artists came from Belgium, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.", "Q435878": "Jean Louisa Kelly (born March 9, 1972) is an American actress. After making her film debut as Tia Russell in Uncle Buck (1989) alongside John Candy, she appeared in a wide range of other films including The Fantasticks (1995) and Mr. Holland's Opus (1995). From 2000 to 2006, she was known for portraying Kim Warner on the CBS sitcom Yes, Dear.", "Q122881": "Kim Wilson (born January 6, 1951) is an American blues singer and harmonica player. He is best known as the lead vocalist and frontman for the Fabulous Thunderbirds on two hit songs of the 1980s, \"Tuff Enuff\" and \"Wrap It Up.\" Wilson wrote \"Tuff Enuff,\" the group's only Top 40 hit.\n\n", "Q284740": "Miss A (Hangul: \ubbf8\uc4f0\uc5d0\uc774) was a South Korean girl group formed by JYP Entertainment. The group debuted in July 2010 with the single \"Bad Girl Good Girl\" as a quartet consisting of Fei, Jia, Min, and Suzy. Their debut song reached number one on the Gaon Digital Chart, which made them the first act ever to have their debut song reach the top of the chart, the song also became the best-performing single of 2010 on the chart.\nTheir debut studio album, A Class (2011) produced two more number one songs, and their follow-up extended plays, Touch and Independent Women Part III (both 2012), proved furthermore success. Their second studio album, Hush (2013), was well received by critics, and its title track has been covered on numerous occasions by girl groups and on survival reality shows. This would be followed by a year-long hiatus, until the release of their third extended play, Colors (2015), which would go on to become their last release before disbandment. In 2017, Billboard ranked Miss A at number ten on their \"Top 10 K-pop Girl Groups of the Past Decade\" list.Member Jia left the group in May 2016, while member Min left the group in November 2017. In December 2017, JYP officially announced that the group has disbanded.", "Q736477": "Samuel Robson \"Rob\" Walton (born October 28, 1944) is an heir to the fortune of Walmart, the world's largest retailer. He is the eldest son of Helen Walton and Sam Walton. He served as Chairman of Walmart from 1992 to 2015. As of March 2020, Walton had a net worth of $54.1 billion, making him the 10th richest person in the world.\n\n", "Q16969866": "The Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (MIAC) is a college athletic conference which competes in NCAA Division III. All 13 of the member schools are located in Minnesota and are private institutions, with only two being non-sectarian.", "Q622370": "A docudrama (or documentary drama) is a genre of radio and television programming, feature film, and staged theatre, which features dramatized re-enactments of actual events. On stage, it is sometimes known as documentary theatre.\nIn the core elements of its story a docudrama strives to adhere to known historical facts, while allowing a greater or lesser degree of dramatic license in peripheral details, and where there are gaps in the historical record. Dialogue may include the actual words of real-life persons, as recorded in historical documents. Docudrama producers sometimes choose to film their reconstructed events in the actual locations in which the historical events occurred.\nA docudrama, in which historical fidelity is the keynote, is generally distinguished from a film merely \"based on true events\", a term which implies a greater degree of dramatic license; and from the concept of \"historical drama\", a broader category which may also encompass largely fictionalized action taking place in historical settings or against the backdrop of historical events.\nAs a portmanteau, docudrama is sometimes confused with docufiction. However, unlike docufiction\u2014which is essentially a documentary filmed in real time, incorporating some fictional elements\u2014docudrama is filmed at a time subsequent to the events portrayed.", "Q386625": "Mein Name ist Bach is a 2003 Swiss film directed by Dominique de Rivaz. It was Switzerland's submission to the 77th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.\n\n", "Q511064": "Robert Mackay (February 24, 1840 \u2013 December 25, 1916) was a Canadian businessman and statesman.", "Q391359": "David Kenneth Harbour (born April 10, 1975) is an American actor. He began his film career in 2004, and went on to star in supporting roles in films such as Quantum of Solace, The Green Hornet, End of Watch, The Equalizer and Black Mass. Harbour portrayed the title character in the 2019 Hellboy reboot, and gained recognition for his portrayal of Jim Hopper in Stranger Things, which earned him a Critics' Choice Television Award in 2018. He has also received Primetime Emmy Award nominations and Golden Globe Award nominations for the role.", "Q877768": "The Langtauferer Spitze is a mountain in the Weisskamm group of the \u00d6tztal Alps on the border between Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy.", "Q3992": "Li\u00e8ge ( lee-EZH, lee-AYZH, French: [lj\u025b\u0292] (listen), locally [li.\u02c8e\u02d0\u0283]; Walloon: Lidje Walloon: [li\u02d0t\u0283] (listen); Dutch: Luik [l\u0153yk] (listen); German: L\u00fcttich [\u02c8l\u028ft\u026a\u00e7]) is a major Walloon city and municipality and the capital of the Belgian province of Li\u00e8ge.\nThe city is situated in the valley of the Meuse, in the east of Belgium, not far from borders with the Netherlands (Maastricht is about 33 km (20.5 mi) to the north) and with Germany (Aachen is about 53 km (32.9 mi) north-east). At Li\u00e8ge, the Meuse meets the River Ourthe. The city is part of the sillon industriel, the former industrial backbone of Wallonia. It still is the principal economic and cultural centre of the region.\nThe Li\u00e8ge municipality (i.e. the city proper) includes the former communes of Angleur, Bressoux, Ch\u00ean\u00e9e, Glain, Grivegn\u00e9e, Jupille-sur-Meuse, Rocourt, and Wandre. In November 2012, Li\u00e8ge had 198,280 inhabitants. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 1,879 km2 (725 sq mi) and had a total population of 749,110 on 1 January 2008. This includes a total of 52 municipalities, among others, Herstal and Seraing. Li\u00e8ge ranks as the third most populous urban area in Belgium, after Brussels and Antwerp, and the fourth municipality after Antwerp, Ghent and Charleroi.", "Q1284551": "James Kern Kyser (June 18, 1905 \u2013 July 23, 1985), known as Kay Kyser, was an American bandleader and radio personality of the 1930s and 1940s.", "Q223299": "The Color Purple is a 1985 American coming-of-age period drama film directed by Steven Spielberg with a screenplay by Menno Meyjes, based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning 1982 novel of the same name by Alice Walker. It was Spielberg's eighth film as a director, and was a change from the summer blockbusters for which he had become famous. The film was also the first feature-length film directed by Spielberg for which John Williams did not compose the music. The film stars Danny Glover, Whoopi Goldberg, Desreta Jackson, Margaret Avery, Oprah Winfrey, Rae Dawn Chong, Willard Pugh, and Adolph Caesar in one of his final film roles.Filmed in Anson and Union counties in North Carolina, the film tells the story of a young African American girl named Celie Harris and shows the problems African American women faced during the early 20th century, including domestic violence, incest, pedophilia, poverty, racism, and sexism. Celie is transformed as she finds her self-worth through the help of two strong female companions.The film was a box office success, raising $142 million from a budget of $15 million. The film received positive reviews from critics, receiving praise for its acting, direction, screenplay, score, and production merits; but it was also criticized by some critics for being \"over-sentimental\" and \"stereotypical.\" The film was nominated for eleven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, without winning any; it also received four Golden Globe Award nominations, with Whoopi Goldberg winning Best Actress in a Drama. Steven Spielberg didn't receive an Academy Award nomination for his directing, but did receive a Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement, and a Golden Globe nomination. The film was later included in Roger Ebert's book series The Great Movies.\n\n", "Q178225": "Josephine Edna O'Brien, (born 15 December 1930) is an Irish novelist, memoirist, playwright, poet and short story writer. Philip Roth described her as \"the most gifted woman now writing in English\", while the former President of Ireland Mary Robinson cited her as \"one of the great creative writers of her generation\".O'Brien's works often revolve around the inner feelings of women, and their problems in relating to men, and to society as a whole. Her first novel, The Country Girls (1960), is often credited with breaking silence on sexual matters and social issues during a repressive period in Ireland following World War II. The book was banned, burned and denounced from the pulpit.O'Brien received the Irish PEN Award in 2001. Saints and Sinners won the 2011 Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award, the world's richest prize for a short story collection. Faber and Faber published her memoir, Country Girl, in 2012. In 2015, she was bestowed Saoi by the Aosd\u00e1na. O'Brien lives in London. \n\n", "Q75089": "Ernst Heinrich Ehlers (11 November 1835 \u2013 31 December 1925) was a German zoologist born in L\u00fcneburg. \nHe studied medicine and natural sciences at the University of G\u00f6ttingen, earning his doctorate in 1861. Here he was influenced by Rudolf Wagner (1805\u20131864) and Wilhelm Moritz Keferstein (1833\u20131870). In 1869 he became a full professor of zoology, comparative anatomy and veterinary medicine at the University of Erlangen. From 1874 to 1919, he was a professor of zoology and comparative anatomy in G\u00f6ttingen. In 1890 he was one of the founders of the Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft (German Zoological Society).\nHe was a leading authority on polychaetes, and is credited with describing many invertebrate species new to science. The polychaete genus Ehlersia (de Quatrefages, 1866) from the family Syllidae is named after him.", "Q242673": "Park Min-young (Korean: \ubc15\ubbfc\uc601; born March 4, 1986) is a South Korean actress. She rose to fame in the historical coming-of-age drama Sungkyunkwan Scandal (2010) and has since starred in television series City Hunter (2011), Glory Jane (2011), Dr. Jin (2012), A New Leaf (2014), Healer (2014-2015), Remember (2015-2016), Queen for Seven Days (2017), What's Wrong with Secretary Kim (2018) and Her Private Life (2019).", "Q204626": "Hitotsubashi University (\u4e00\u6a4b\u5927\u5b66, Hitotsubashi daigaku) is a national university specialised in the social sciences in Tokyo, Japan. The university has campuses in Kunitachi, Kodaira, and Chiyoda.\nHitotsubashi is considered one of the most prestigious universities and the best in economics and commerce related subjects in Japan, consistently ranking amongst the top universities in Japanese university rankings. It was ranked 25th in the world in 2011 by Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities.Hitotsubashi has strong relationships with overseas universities. There are about 590 international students and 450 researchers from abroad under academic exchange agreements with 83 universities and research institutions, including University of Chicago, the University of Oxford and the University of California.\nThe university's symbol is inspired by Mercury, Roman mythology's god of commerce.", "Q63833": "Melchior, Freiherr von Diepenbrock (6 January 1798 at Bocholt in Westphalia \u2013 20 January 1853 at the castle of Johannesberg in Jauernig) was a German Catholic Prince-Bishop of Breslau and Cardinal.", "Q121350": "Walter Sch\u00fctz (25 October 1897 \u2013 between 27 and 29 March 1933) was a German communist politician.", "Q430900": "Tristan Taormino (born May 9, 1971) is an American feminist author, columnist, sex educator, activist, editor, speaker, radio host, and pornographic film director (she also appeared in three films, two of which she directed, 1999\u20132000).", "Q1673448": "Isaac Spratt (1799 \u2013 1876) was a London toy dealer who wrote pamphlets describing the games of croquet and badminton and was influential in the early development of both.\nIt is known he was born in Ibsley, Hampshire and was married with four children. From 1840 he had a toy shop in 1, Brook Street (later no 18) in London's West End. \nIn 1856 he registered the first printed set of rules for the game of croquet and in 1860 printed a pamphlet called 'Badminton Battledore' a description of the ancient game of battledores and shuttlecocks as played competitively at Badminton House, the Duke of Beaufort's estate in Gloucestershire, England.", "Q1173161": "Tears of Steel (code-named Project Mango) is a short science fiction film by producer Ton Roosendaal and director/writer Ian Hubert. The film is both live-action and CGI; it was made using new enhancements to the visual effects capabilities of Blender, a free and open-source 3D computer graphics app. Set in a dystopian future, the short film features a group of warriors and scientists who gather at the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam in a desperate attempt to save the world from destructive robots.", "Q171567": "Laura Helene Prepon (born March 7, 1980) is an American actress. She rose to fame with her role as Donna Pinciotti in the Fox sitcom That '70s Show (1998\u20132006). She is also known for her portrayal of Alex Vause in the Netflix comedy-drama series Orange Is the New Black (2013\u20132019). Prepon made her film debut in 2001 with the independent drama Southlander. Her other films include the romantic drama Come Early Morning (2006), the comedy Lay the Favorite (2012), the thriller The Girl on the Train (2016), and the drama The Hero (2017).", "Q156133": "Mumia Abu-Jamal (born Wesley Cook; April 24, 1954) is a political activist and journalist who was convicted of murder and sentenced to death in 1982 for the 1981 murder of Philadelphia police officer Daniel Faulkner. He became widely known while on death row for his writings and commentary on the criminal justice system in the United States. After numerous appeals, his death penalty sentence was overturned by a Federal court. In 2011, the prosecution agreed to a sentence of life imprisonment without parole. He entered the general prison population early the following year.\nBeginning at the age of 14 in 1968, Abu-Jamal became involved with the Black Panther Party and was a member until October 1970. After he left the party, he completed his high school education, and later became a radio reporter. He eventually served as president of the Philadelphia Association of Black Journalists. He supported the MOVE Organization in Philadelphia and covered the 1978 confrontation in which one police officer was killed. The MOVE Nine were the members who were arrested and convicted of murder in that case.\nSince 1982, the murder trial of Abu-Jamal has been seriously criticized for constitutional failings; some have claimed that he is innocent, and many opposed his death sentence. The Faulkner family, public authorities, police organizations, and conservative groups believe that Abu-Jamal's trial was fair, his guilt undeniable, and his death sentence appropriate.\nWhen his death sentence was overturned by a Federal court in 2001, he was described as \"perhaps the world's best known death-row inmate\" by The New York Times. During his imprisonment, Abu-Jamal has published books and commentaries on social and political issues; his first book was Live from Death Row (1995).", "Q331104": "Fayetteville () is a city in Cumberland County, North Carolina, United States. It is the county seat of Cumberland County, and is best known as the home of Fort Bragg, a major U.S. Army installation northwest of the city.\nFayetteville has received the All-America City Award from the National Civic League three times. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 200,564, with an estimated population of 209,468 in 2018. It is the 6th-largest city in North Carolina. Fayetteville is in the Sandhills in the western part of the Coastal Plain region, on the Cape Fear River.\nWith an estimated population in 2018 of 209,468 people, the Fayetteville metropolitan area is the largest in southeastern North Carolina, and the fifth-largest in the state. Suburban areas of metro Fayetteville include Fort Bragg, Hope Mills, Spring Lake, Raeford, Pope Field, Rockfish, Stedman, and Eastover. Fayetteville's mayor is Mitch Colvin, who is serving his first term.", "Q18175804": "M\u00e1ret \u00c1nne Sara (born 1983) is a Norwegian-Sami artist and author. She lives and works in Kautokeino, Norway.\nM\u00e1ret \u00c1nne Sara was born in Hammerfest and grew up in Finnmark county in a reindeer herding family that had its summer pasture on Kval\u00f8ya. She received her education in art from Arts University Bournemouth in the United Kingdom. She was nominated for the Nordic Council Children and Young People's Literature Prize in 2014 for her Sami-language young adult fantasy novel Ilmmiid gaskkas (Between Worlds). Her artwork was featured in the documenta 14 exhibition in 2017.", "Q971480": "Literary modernism, or modernist literature, has its origins in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly in Europe and North America, and is characterized by a self-conscious break with traditional ways of writing, in both poetry and prose fiction. Modernists experimented with literary form and expression, as exemplified by Ezra Pound's maxim to \"Make it new.\" This literary movement was driven by a conscious desire to overturn traditional modes of representation and express the new sensibilities of their time. The horrors of the First World War saw the prevailing assumptions about society reassessed, and much modernist writing engages with the technological advances and societal changes of modernity moving into the 20th century.", "Q75062": "Maria de Jesus Sim\u00f5es Barroso Soares, GCL (2 May 1925 \u2013 7 July 2015) was a Portuguese politician and actress, wife of President of Portugal Mario Soares and First Lady of Portugal between 1986 and 1996.", "Q948201": "Velimir \"Bata\" \u017divojinovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \"\u0411\u0430\u0442\u0430\" \u0416\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0458\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; 5 June 1933 \u2013 22 May 2016) was a Serbian actor and politician. He acted in more than 340 films and TV series, and is regarded as one of the best actors in former Yugoslavia.", "Q194266": "Ohio Wesleyan University (OWU) is a private liberal arts university in Delaware, Ohio. It was founded in 1842 by Methodist leaders and Central Ohio residents as a nonsectarian institution, and is a member of the Ohio Five \u2013 a consortium of Ohio liberal arts colleges. Ohio Wesleyan has always admitted students irrespective of religion or race and maintained that the university \"is forever to be conducted on the most liberal principles.\"The 200-acre (81 ha) site is 27 miles (44 km) north of Columbus, Ohio. It includes the main academic and residential campus, the Perkins Observatory, and the Kraus Wilderness Preserve.In 2010, Ohio Wesleyan had the eleventh highest percentage of international students among liberal arts colleges for the seventeenth straight year. In its 2015 edition of U.S. college rankings, Niche ranked Ohio Wesleyan the 56th (out of 880 colleges) most politically liberal college in the U.S. U.S. News & World Report ranked Ohio Wesleyan 95th among U.S. liberal arts colleges in its 2018 edition.", "Q151884": "Tideland is a 2005 British-Canadian neo-noir fantasy horror film co-written and directed by Terry Gilliam. It is an adaptation of Mitch Cullin's novel of the same name. The film was shot in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, and the surrounding area in late 2004. The world premiere was at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival where the film was met with mixed response from both viewers and critics. After little interest from U.S. distributors, THINKFilm picked the film up for a U.S. release date in October 2006.", "Q1259917": "The following lists of violinists are available:\n\nList of classical violinists, notable violinists from the baroque era onwards\nList of contemporary classical violinists, notable contemporary classical violinists\nList of violinist/composers, list of violinists who were also classical music composers\nList of jazz violinists, notable jazz violinists\nList of popular music violinists, popular music violinists\nList of Indian violinists, list of Indian violinists including Carnatic and Hindustani\nList of Persian violinists, names of famous Persian style violinists\nList of electric violinists\nList of fiddlers, fiddlers, all styles\nList of female violinists, sortable list of female classical violinists, in chronological order of birth", "Q138832": "Cesare Cant\u00f9 (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0283e\u02d0zare kan\u02c8tu, \u02c8t\u0283\u025b\u02d0-]; December 5, 1804 \u2013 March 11, 1895) was an Italian historian.", "Q106704": "Birgit Vanderbeke (born 8 August 1956 in Dahme, Brandenburg) is a German writer.\nVanderbeke grew up in Frankfurt am Main after her family moved to West Germany in 1961. She studied Law, Germanic and Romance languages. The English translation of her debut novel, Das Muschelessen, by Jamie Bulloch was published in 2013 by Peirene Press as The Mussel Feast. Since 1993 she has been living in southern France.\n\n", "Q81685": "Fran\u00e7ois Charles Mauriac (French: [mo\u0281jak]; 11 October 1885 \u2013 1 September 1970) was a French novelist, dramatist, critic, poet, and journalist, a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise (from 1933), and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1952). He was awarded the Grand Cross of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur in 1958. He was a lifelong Catholic.", "Q659729": "The R\u00e4tikon is a mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps, located at the border between Vorarlberg, Liechtenstein and Graub\u00fcnden. It is the geological border between the Eastern and Western Alps and stretches from the Montafon as far as the Rhine. In the south, the Pr\u00e4ttigau is its limit, and in the north, it is the Walgau. In the east, it borders the Silvretta groups.\nThe R\u00e4tikon mountain range derives its name from Raetia, a province of the Roman Empire, named after the Rhaetian (Raeti or Rhaeti) people.", "Q193509": "Taylor Michel Momsen (born July 26, 1993) is an American singer, songwriter, model, and former actress. She is known for portraying the character of Jenny Humphrey on The CW's teen drama series Gossip Girl (2007\u20132012) and Cindy Lou Who in the film How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000).\nAfter her retirement from acting, she became widely known for being the frontwoman of the American rock band The Pretty Reckless.", "Q65271": "Johann Friedrich August Borsig (23 June 1804 \u2013 6 July 1854) was a German businessman who founded the Borsig-Werke factory.\nBorsig was born in Breslau (Wroc\u0142aw), the son of cuirassier and carpenter foreman Johann George Borsig. After learning his father's trade, he first attended the K\u00f6nigliche Provinzial-Kunst- und Bauschule (Royal Provincial Art and Building school), then until fall of 1825 the K\u00f6nigliche Gewerbe-Institut (Royal Institute of Trade). He received his practical training in engine construction at the Neue Berliner Eisengie\u00dferei (New Iron Foundry of Berlin) of F. A. Egells, where one of his first tasks was the assembly of a steam engine in Waldenburg, Silesia. After the successful completion of this task, Borsig was made factory manager for eight years. In 1828, he married Louise Pahl; they had one son, Albert.", "Q91496": "Rudolf Lorenzen (5 February 1922 \u2013 27 November 2013) was a German novelist.\nLorenzen was born in L\u00fcbeck. His best-known work, Anything But A Hero (Alles andere als ein Held), is about an ordinary German boy who grows up in pre-war Germany, serves in the German army during WWII and finds his way in the shipping business afterwards. He also wrote the short story \"The Expedition\", which takes place in the future, when a voyage begins to the furthest known planet in the solar system, Cerberus.\nLorenzen died in Berlin, aged 91.", "Q233061": "Joanna Caroline Newsom (born January 18, 1982) is an American multi-instrumentalist, singer-songwriter, and actress. Born and raised in Northern California, Newsom was classically trained on the harp in her youth, and began her musical career as a keyboardist in the San Francisco-based indie band The Pleased.\nAfter recording and self-releasing two EPs in 2002, Newsom was signed to the independent label Drag City. Her debut album, The Milk-Eyed Mender, was released in 2004 to critical acclaim, and garnered Newsom an underground following. She would receive wider exposure with the release of Ys (2006), which charted at number 134 on the Billboard 200, and was nominated for a 2007 Shortlist Music Prize.\nShe released two further albums: Have One on Me (2010), and Divers (2015), the latter of which outsold all of her previous albums. Newsom has been noted by critics for her unique musical style, sometimes characterized as psychedelic folk, and her prominent use of harp instrumentation. She has also appeared as an actress, with roles in the television series Portlandia, and Paul Thomas Anderson's Inherent Vice (2014).", "Q3439419": "Roger Rocher (February 6, 1920, Champlost\u2013March 29, 1997, Saint-\u00c9tienne) was a French businessman. He was president of AS Saint-\u00c9tienne from 1961 to 1982.", "Q241391": "Breaking and Entering is a 2006 romantic crime drama film directed by Anthony Minghella and starring Jude Law, Juliette Binoche, and Robin Wright Penn. The film was written by Minghella, his first original screenplay since his 1990 feature debut Truly, Madly, Deeply and his final feature film before his death in 2008. Set in a blighted, inner-city neighbourhood of London, the film is about a successful landscape architect whose dealings with a young thief and his mother cause him to re-evaluate his life.\nMinghella previously directed the film's stars \u2013 Jude Law in Cold Mountain and The Talented Mr. Ripley, and Juliette Binoche in The English Patient. In his first major film role, Rafi Gavron portrays Miro, the young traceur burglar, a role requiring several difficult physical feats. The film is a presentation of Miramax and The Weinstein Company and was distributed in the United States by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Breaking and Entering premiered on 13 September 2006 at the Toronto International Film Festival.", "Q1100164": "Burl C. \"Jaybird\" Coleman (May 20, 1896 \u2013 January 28, 1950) was an American country blues harmonica player, vocalist, and guitarist. He was a popular musical attraction throughout Alabama and recorded several sides in the late 1920s and early 1930s.\n\n", "Q691637": "GOL Linhas A\u00e9reas Inteligentes S.A (\"GOL Intelligent Airlines S.A.\" also known as VRG Linhas A\u00e9reas S/A) B3: GOLL3, GOLL4 / NYSE: GOL is a Brazilian low-cost airline based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. According to the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil (ANAC), between January and December 2018 GOL had 35.7% of the domestic and 9.6% of the international market shares in terms of passengers per kilometer flown, making it the largest domestic and third largest international airline in Brazil. GOL competes in Brazil and other South American country with Chilean LATAM Airlines Group and Brazilian Azul. It also owns the brand Varig, although now that name refers to what is informally known as the \"new\" Varig, founded in 2006, not to the extinct \"old\" Varig airline, founded in 1927.\nGOL operates a growing domestic and international scheduled network. Its main hubs are S\u00e3o Paulo\u2013Guarulhos International Airport, Rio de Janeiro\u2013Gale\u00e3o International Airport and Tancredo Neves International Airport near Belo Horizonte. GOL also has focus operations at Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont Airport, S\u00e3o Paulo-Congonhas Airport, Salgado Filho International Airport in Porto Alegre\nGOL refers to itself as GOL Intelligent Airlines (GOL Linhas A\u00e9reas Inteligentes in Portuguese) as a slogan. The company is traded on the New York Stock Exchange as \"GOL Linhas A\u00e9reas Inteligentes S.A.\"The company's name is a Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish word borrowing from the English word \"goal\" from Association football.", "Q261041": "Margherita Sarfatti (8 April 1880 \u2013 30 October 1961) was an Italian journalist, art critic, patron, collector, socialite, a prominent propaganda adviser of the National Fascist Party. She was Benito Mussolini's biographer as well as one of his mistresses.\n\n", "Q560676": "Ransom Eli Olds (June 3, 1864 \u2013 August 26, 1950) was a pioneer of the American automotive industry, after whom the Oldsmobile and REO brands were named. He claimed to have built his first steam car as early as 1887 and his first gasoline-powered car in 1896. The modern assembly line and its basic concept is credited to Olds, who used it to build the first mass-produced automobile, the Oldsmobile Curved Dash, beginning in 1901.\n\n", "Q3369707": "Patrick Mimran (born 1956 in Paris, France) is a contemporary French multimedia artist, composer, and the former CEO of Lamborghini. He is most widely known for Lamborghini's turn-around in the early 1980s and his art exhibit, \"The Billboard Project\".", "Q221465": "Hydatius, also spelled Idacius (c. 400 \u2013 c. 469), bishop of Aquae Flaviae in the Roman province of Gallaecia (almost certainly the modern Chaves, Portugal, in the modern district of Vila Real) was the author of a chronicle of his own times that provides us with our best evidence for the history of Hispania (that is, the Iberian Peninsula in Roman times) in the 5th century.", "Q363124": "Samuel Zell (born Shmuel Zielonka, September 28, 1941) is an American billionaire businessman and philanthropist. A former lawyer, Zell is the founder and chairman of Equity Group Investments, a private investment firm , founded 50 years ago, in 1968. The company invests opportunistically across industries and geographies and throughout the capital structure. He has substantial interests in, and is the chairman of, several public companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange: Equity Residential (EQR), Equity LifeStyle Properties (ELS), Equity Commonwealth (EQC), Covanta Holding Corp. (CVA), and Anixter.\nIn 2018, Bloomberg ranked Zell as the world's 397th richest person, with a fortune of $4.4 billion.", "Q77675": "Vural \u00d6ger (born 1 February 1942 in Ankara, Turkey) is a German politician and businessman of Turkish descent who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2009. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Socialist Group. \nDuring his time in Parliament, \u00d6ger served on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was a substitute for the Committee on Transport and Tourism, a member of the Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with the Korean Peninsula.", "Q49943": "Y\u014dsuke Kond\u014d (\u8fd1\u85e4 \u6d0b\u4ecb, Kond\u014d Y\u014dsuke, born May 19, 1965) is a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). Kond\u014d, the son of former Minister of Labor Tetsuo Kondo, was born in Washington, D.C. but grew up in Yamagata Prefecture. A graduate Keio University, he joined the national newspaper Nihon Keizai Shimbun in 1988, which he left in 1999. He was elected for the first time in 2003 after an unsuccessful run in 2000.", "Q162296": "Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, (29 September 1725 \u2013 22 November 1774), was the first British Governor of the Bengal Presidency. He began as a British military officer and East India Company (EIC) official who established the military and political supremacy of the EIC by seizing control of Bengal and eventually the whole of the Indian subcontinent and Myanmar - and briefly Afghanistan. He is credited with seizing control of a large swathe of India (now Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) and parts of Southeast Asia and the wealth that followed, for the Company, in the process turning himself into a multi-millionaire. Together with Warren Hastings he was one of the key early figures setting in motion what would later become British India. Blocking impending French mastery of India, and eventual British expulsion from the continent, Clive improvised a military expedition that ultimately enabled the EIC to adopt the French strategy of indirect rule via puppet government. Hired by the EIC to return a second time to India, Clive conspired to secure the Company's trade interests by overthrowing the Ruler of Bengal, the richest state in India. Back in England, he used his loot from India to secure an Irish barony from the then Whig PM, Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, and a seat for himself in Parliament, via Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis, representing the Whigs in Shrewsbury, Shropshire (1761\u20131774), as he had previously in Mitchell, Cornwall (1754\u20131755).Clive was one of the most controversial figures in all British military history. His achievements included establishing control over much of India, and laying the foundation of the entire British Raj, though he worked only as an agent of the East India Company, not the British government. For his methods and his self-aggrandisement he was vilified by his contemporaries in Britain, and put on trial before Parliament. Of special concern was that he amassed a personal fortune in India. Modern historians have criticised him for atrocities, for high taxes, and for the forced cultivation of crops which exacerbated famines.", "Q373337": "Julius L. Meier (December 31, 1874 \u2013 July 14, 1937) was an American businessman, civic leader, and politician in the state of Oregon. The son of the Meier & Frank department store founder, he would become a lawyer before entering the family business in Portland. Politically an independent, Meier served a single term as the 20th Governor of Oregon from 1931\u20131935. He is the only independent to be elected Governor of Oregon.", "Q79880": "Debrecen ( DEB-r\u0259t-sen, Hungarian: [\u02c8d\u025bbr\u025bt\u0361s\u025bn] (listen) is Hungary's second largest city after Budapest. It is the regional center of the Northern Great Plain region and the seat of Hajd\u00fa-Bihar county. It was the largest Hungarian city in the 18th century and it is one of the Hungarian people's most important cultural centres. Debrecen was also the capital city of Hungary during the revolution in 1848\u20131849. During the revolution, the dethronement of the Habsburg dynasty was declared in the Reformed Great Church. The city also served as the capital of Hungary by the end of the World War II in 1944\u20131945. It is home of the University of Debrecen.\n\n", "Q1724289": "Pierre Lafitte (1770\u20131821) was a privateer in the Gulf of Mexico and smuggler in the early 19th century. He also ran a blacksmith shop in New Orleans, his legitimate business. Pierre was the historically less-well-known older brother of Jean Lafitte. While not as much of a sailor as his brother, he was the public face of the Lafitte operation, and was known for his wit and charm, in addition to his handling of the sale of smuggled goods.\nPierre Lafitte also spied for Spain and commanded artillery units. He died in 1821 near Dzilam de Bravo in the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula.", "Q3438707": "Joseph Roger Bismuth (4 November 1926 \u2013 1 October 2019) was a Tunisian businessman and senator. He was elected into the newly formed upper chamber, the Chamber of Advisors in July 2005 and was the only Jewish elected legislator in the Arab world. Senator Bismuth was also a member of the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians.", "Q434555": "Georgy Mikhaylovich Grechko (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043a\u043e; 25 May 1931 \u2013 8 April 2017) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on several space flights including Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26, and Soyuz T-14.Grechko graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Mechanics with a doctorate in mathematics. He was a member of Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He went on to work at Sergei Korolev's design bureau and from there was selected for cosmonaut training for the Soviet Moon programme. When that program was cancelled, he went on to work on the Salyut space stations.\nGrechko made the first spacewalk in an Orlan space suit on 20 December 1977 during the Salyut 6 EO-1 mission.\nHe was twice awarded the medal of Hero of the Soviet Union.\nHe resigned from the space programme in 1992 to lecture on atmospheric physics at the Russian Academy of Sciences. Grechko has written his memoirs as \"\u041a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0442 No. 34: \u041e\u0442 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432,\" (Cosmonaut No. 34 From Splinter to Aliens) Olma Media Grupp, Moscow, 2013.\nA minor planet 3148 Grechko discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh in 1979 is named after him.Grechko had a brief cameo role in Richard Viktorov's 1981 film Per Aspera Ad Astra, and as a result attained pop culture status in his home city of Leningrad. He also appeared in the 1979 film Under the Constellation Gemini.\nGrechko, along with Alexei Leonov, Vitaly Sevastyanov, and Rusty Schweickart established the Association of Space Explorers in 1984. Membership is open to all people who have flown in outer space.\nGrechko died aged 85 as a result of several chronic illnesses. He was survived by wife Lyudmila and daughter Olga.", "Q114466": "Mixed martial arts (MMA), sometimes referred to as cage fighting, is a full-contact combat sport based on striking, grappling & ground fighting, made up from various combat sports and martial arts from around the world, The first documented use of the term mixed martial arts was in a review of UFC 1 by television critic Howard Rosenberg in 1993. The term gained popularity when newfullcontact.com, then one of the largest websites covering the sport, hosted and republished the article. The question of who actually coined the term is subject to debate.During the early 20th century, various interstylistic contests took place throughout Japan and in the countries of the Four Asian Tigers. In Brazil, there was the sport of Vale Tudo, in which fighters from various styles fought with little to no rules. The Gracie family was known to promote Vale Tudo matches as a way to promote their own Brazilian jiu-jitsu style. An early high-profile mixed martial arts bout was fought in 1951, between the judoka Masahiko Kimura and Brazilian jiu-jitsu founder H\u00e9lio Gracie in Brazil. In the West, the concept of combining elements of multiple martial arts was popularized by Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do during the late 1960s to early 1970s. A precursor to modern MMA was the 1976 Muhammad Ali vs. Antonio Inoki bout, fought between boxer Muhammad Ali and wrestler Antonio Inoki in Japan, where it later inspired the foundation of Pancrase in 1993 and Pride Fighting Championships in 1997.\nIn 1980, CV Productions, Inc. created the first regulated MMA league in the United States, called Tough Guy Contest, which was later renamed Battle of the Superfighters. The company sanctioned ten tournaments in Pennsylvania. However, in 1983 the Pennsylvania State Senate passed a bill prohibiting the sport. In 1993, the Gracie family brought Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, developed in Brazil from the 1920s, to the United States by founding the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) MMA promotion company. The company held an event with almost no rules, mostly due the influence of Art Davie and Rorion Gracie attempting to replicate Vale Tudo fights that existed in Brazil, and would later implement a different set of rules (example: eliminating kicking a grounded opponent), which differed from other leagues which were more in favour of realistic fights.\nOriginally promoted as a competition to find the most effective martial arts for real unarmed combat, competitors from different fighting styles were pitted against one another in contests with relatively few rules. Later, individual fighters incorporated multiple martial arts into their style. MMA promoters were pressured to adopt additional rules to increase competitors' safety, to comply with sport regulations and to broaden mainstream acceptance of the sport. Following these changes, the sport has seen increased popularity with a pay-per-view business that rivals boxing and professional wrestling.", "Q548844": "Mastodon is an American heavy metal band from Atlanta, Georgia, formed in 2000. The group is composed of Troy Sanders (bass/vocals), Brent Hinds (lead guitar/vocals), Bill Kelliher (rhythm guitar), and Brann Dailor (drums/vocals). \nMastodon has released seven studio albums, as well as a number of other releases. The band's 2002 debut album, Remission, garnered significant critical acclaim for its unique sound. Mastodon's second full-length release, Leviathan, is a concept album based on the novel Moby-Dick by Herman Melville. Three magazines awarded the record Album of the Year in 2004: Revolver, Kerrang! and Terrorizer.\nThe song \"Colony of Birchmen\" from the band's third album (released in 2006), Blood Mountain, was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 2007. Blood Mountain was followed in 2009 by Crack the Skye, and in 2011 by The Hunter, which debuted at No. 10 on the Billboard 200 chart and achieved major commercial success in the United States. The Hunter features the song \"Curl of the Burl\", which was nominated for a Grammy for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance in 2012. Mastodon's 2014 album, Once More 'Round the Sun, peaked at No. 6 on the Billboard 200 chart and features the band's third Grammy-nominated song, \"High Road\". The band's seventh album, Emperor of Sand, was released on March 31, 2017, and features the band's most commercially successful song to date, \"Show Yourself\", which peaked at No. 4 on the US Billboard Mainstream Rock Songs chart in June 2017. The followup single, \"Steambreather\", peaked at number 18 on the same chart in October 2017. The album's opening track, \"Sultan's Curse\", earned the band their first Grammy award. Emperor of Sand was the band's first album to receive a Grammy nomination; it was nominated for Best Rock Album.", "Q1606982": "Henry Lemoine (21 October 1786 \u2013 18 May 1854) was a French music publisher, composer, and piano teacher.", "Q1394965": "Alhaji Aliko Dangote GCON (born 10 April 1957) is a Nigerian businessman and philanthropist who is the founder and chairman of Dangote Group, an industrial conglomerate in Africa.He has an estimated net worth of US$8.1 billion (March 2020), as of January 2020, making him the 88th wealthiest person in the world and the richest person in Africa.", "Q267356": "John Lynch (born 26 December 1961) is an Irish actor and novelist. He won the AFI (AACTA) Award for Best Actor for the 1995 film Angel Baby. His other film appearances include Cal (1984), The Secret Garden (1993), In the Name of the Father (1993) and Sliding Doors (1998). He has also written two novels, Torn Water (2005) and Falling Out of Heaven (2010).", "Q104675": "Malte Herwig (born 2 October 1972) is a German-born author, journalist, and literary critic. His articles have appeared widely in U.S., British and German publications, including The New York Times, The Observer, Vanity Fair, Der Spiegel, Die Zeit, S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung and Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. He studied German Literature, History and Politics at the universities of Oxford, Harvard, and Mainz, and is a former Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. In 2008, Herwig was the first to publish some of Vladimir Nabokov's original index cards from the author's last unfinished novel The Original of Laura. In the accompanying article, Herwig concluded that \"Laura\", although fragmentary, was \"vintage Nabokov\". He is the author of several books, among them a biography of Austrian poet Peter Handke and a study of the greatest Nazi cover-up in post-war Germany, \"Die Flakhelfer\", which will be published in English in 2014.\nHerwig is also known as an interviewer, whose empathetic but also sometimes confrontational style with stars like Michael Douglas, Charlotte Rampling and Rupert Everett has won acclaim. Douglas once chided Herwig for his \"cheeky questions\", when the journalist asked him if he'd ever have homosexual experiences. Herwig also conducted interviews with heads of government like former German chancellor Helmut Schmidt and nobel laureates like German writer G\u00fcnter Grass.\nHerwig was the only journalist to get an interview with former SS-Captain Erich Priebke, which he conducted in Priebke's flat in Rome shortly before the latter's death on 11 October 2013. Referring to Hannah Arendt\u2019s famous phrase about the Nazis when she covered the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Israel, the New York Times quoted Herwig as saying he wanted to use \u201cthe last chance to investigate that supposed banality of evil with a living person.\u201d. Sensationally, the 100-year-old Priebke told Herwig he had renounced national socialism and deeply regretted his involvement in war crimes.", "Q221303": "Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de l'Aulne (; French: [ty\u0281go]; 10 May 1727 \u2013 18 March 1781), commonly known as Turgot, was a French economist and statesman. Originally considered a physiocrat, he is today best remembered as an early advocate for economic liberalism. He is thought to be the first economist to have recognized the law of diminishing marginal returns in agriculture.", "Q92821": "E. Allen Emerson (born June 2, 1954) is an American computer scientist. He is Professor and\nRegents Chair Emeritus at the University of Texas, Austin, United States.\nHe won the 2007 A.M. Turing Award along with Edmund M. Clarke and Joseph Sifakis for the invention and\ndevelopment of Model checking.\nHe is also the recipient of the 1998 ACM Paris Kanellakis Award Theory and Practice Award for Symbolic Model Checking.He received his BS degree in mathematics from the University of Texas, Austin in 1976 and his PhD degree in applied mathematics at Harvard University in 1981.\n\n", "Q77113": "Theobald Theodor Friedrich Alfred von Bethmann-Hollweg (29 November 1856 \u2013 1 January 1921) was a German politician who was the Chancellor of the German Empire from 1909 to 1917.", "Q237561": "Juliano Haus Belletti (born 20 June 1976) is a Brazilian former professional footballer who mostly played as a right back. He was awarded the Silver Ball by Placar for his performances for Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro during the 1999 Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A.\n\n", "Q2853612": "Antoine Arnault (born 4 June 1977) is a French businessman; the CEO of Berluti, and chairman of Loro Piana.", "Q529276": "Louis \"Studs\" Terkel (May 16, 1912 \u2013 October 31, 2008) was an American author, historian, actor, and broadcaster. He received the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction in 1985 for The Good War and is best remembered for his oral histories of common Americans, and for hosting a long-running radio show in Chicago.", "Q531439": "Georgia White (March 9, 1903 \u2013 c.1980) was an American blues singer, most prolific in the 1930s and 1940s.\nLittle is known of her early life, but it has been suggested that she was born in Sandersville, Georgia. By the late 1920s she was singing in clubs in Chicago. She made her first recording, \"When You're Smiling, the Whole World Smiles With You,\" with Jimmie Noone's orchestra in 1930. She returned to the studio in 1935, and over the next six years recorded over 100 tracks for Decca Records, usually accompanied by the pianist Richard M. Jones and also, in the late 1930s, by the guitarist Lonnie Johnson.She also recorded under the name Georgia Lawson. Her tracks included \"I'll Keep Sitting on It,\" \"Take Me for a Buggy Ride,\" \"Mama Knows What Papa Wants When Papa's Feeling Blue,\" and \"Hot Nuts.\" Her best-known song was \"You Done Lost Your Good Thing Now\" (1935).White formed an all-female band in the 1940s. She also performed with Bumble Bee Slim. She joined Big Bill Broonzy's Laughing Trio in 1949 as pianist. \"She was very easy to get along with,\" said Broonzy, \"real friendly.\" She was a club singer in the 1950s, finally performing in 1959 in Chicago. She then resumed performing on weekends at the Blue Pub, a bar on Irving Park Road near the Kennedy Expressway, where she quickly won a loyal following. She sang many of her famous songs, including \"Maybe I'm Wrong Again,\" a ballad from an early Bing Crosby movie.One of her songs, \"Alley Boogie\" (recorded November 9, 1937), was used as the theme music for the British romantic comedy drama series, Love Soup.", "Q14512003": "12 Rounds 2: Reloaded (also known as 12 Rounds 2 and 12 Rounds: Reloaded) is a 2013 American action film directed by Roel Rein\u00e9. The film stars Randy Orton, Tom Stevens, Brian Markinson and Cindy Busby. It is a sequel to the 2009's 12 Rounds starring John Cena. Unlike the original which saw a theatrical release, the film was released on direct-to-DVD and Blu-ray in the United States on June 4, 2013.", "Q4970": "Hangzhou (Chinese: \u676d\u5dde; Hangzhounese pronunciation: [\u0266\u0251\u0303.tse], Standard Mandarin pronunciation: [x\u01ce\u014b.\u0288\u0282\u00f3u] (listen)), also romanized as Hangchow, is the capital and most populous city of Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. It sits at the head of Hangzhou Bay, which separates Shanghai and Ningbo. Hangzhou grew to prominence as the southern terminus of the Grand Canal and has been one of the most renowned and prosperous cities in China for much of the last millennium. The city's West Lake, a UNESCO World Heritage site immediately west of the city, is among its best-known attractions. A study conducted by PwC and China Development Research Foundation saw Hangzhou ranked first among \"Chinese Cities of Opportunity\". Hangzhou is also considered a World City with a \"Beta+\" classification according to GaWC.\nHangzhou is classified as a sub-provincial city and forms the core of the Hangzhou metropolitan area, the fourth-largest in China. During the 2010 Chinese census, the metropolitan area held 21.102 million people over an area of 34,585 km2 (13,353 sq mi). Hangzhou prefecture had a registered population of 9,018,000 in 2015.\nHangzhou was repeatedly rated as the best commercial city in mainland China by Forbes. As the headquarters of Internet industry enterprises such as Alibaba, Hangzhou has strongly attracted people who work in the Internet industry. Therefore, in the new growing cities that became popular in the 2010s, Hangzhou is one of the main representative cities. Since 2014, the rapid growth of population has caused the rapid growth of local housing prices.\nIn September 2015, Hangzhou was awarded the 2022 Asian Games. It will be the third city in China to host the Asian Games after Beijing 1990 and Guangzhou 2010. Hangzhou, an emerging technology hub and home to the e-commerce giant Alibaba, also hosted the eleventh G20 summit in 2016.", "Q119142": "Adam Thorpe (born 5 December 1956) is a British poet and novelist whose works also include short stories, translations, radio dramas and documentaries. He is a frequent contributor of reviews and articles to various newspapers, journals and magazines, including the Guardian, the Poetry Review and the Times Literary Supplement.", "Q233707": "Michelle Claire Ryan (born 22 April 1984) is an English actress. She played Zoe Slater on the BBC soap opera EastEnders. In 2007, she starred in the short-lived American television series Bionic Woman. She appeared as the evil sorceress Nimueh in the 2008 BBC fantasy series Merlin, and as Lady Christina de Souza in the 2009 Doctor Who episode \"Planet of the Dead\".", "Q2570442": "J\u0101zeps V\u012btols Latvian Academy of Music (Latvian: J\u0101zepa V\u012btola Latvijas M\u016bzikas akad\u0113mija), formerly the Riga Conservatory, is a higher education establishment of music at 1 Barona Street, Riga, Latvia. The junior institute is the Em\u012bls D\u0101rzi\u0146\u0161 Music School.", "Q3197461": "Baron Kishichiro Okura (\u5927\u5009 \u559c\u4e03\u90ce, \u014ckura Kishichir\u014d, June 16, 1882 \u2013 February 2, 1963) was a Japanese entrepreneur and hotelier.", "Q88879": "Horst Schnellhardt (born 12 May 1946) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2009, representing Saxony-Anhalt. He is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.\nHe is the author and the namesake of the \"Schnellhardt compromise\" aimed at the defusing of the \"vodka war\".", "Q106062": "Dominik Florian Brunner (born 18 May 1959 in Stuttgart, died 12 September 2009 in Munich) was a German businessman. He was the CFO of Erlus AG, Germany\u2019s largest roof tile manufacturer. He was killed in a fight which resulted from Brunner trying to protect a group of school children from attacks by teenagers.", "Q1549793": "The National Party (Spanish: Partido Nacional, PN), also known as the White Party (Spanish: Partido Blanco), is a major political party in Uruguay.", "Q168963": "Zden\u011bk Pavel Ba\u017eant (born December 10, 1937) is McCormick School Professor and Walter P. Murphy Professor of Civil Engineering and Materials Science in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Northwestern University's Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science.", "Q1174183": "David DeFeis (born January 4, 1961) is an American singer, keyboard player, songwriter and producer. He is the main composer and leader of the heavy metal band Virgin Steele.", "Q1399299": "The UCL Slade School of Fine Art (informally The Slade) is the art school of University College London (UCL) and is based in London, United Kingdom. It has been ranked as the UK's top art and design educational institution. The school is organised as a department of UCL's Faculty of Arts and Humanities.", "Q64609": "Zernez is a village and a municipality in the Engiadina Bassa/Val M\u00fcstair Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Lavin and Susch merged into the municipality of Zernez.Zernez is a major node in the regional road network, with roads leading into the Upper Engadine and towards Italy, the Lower Engadine and towards Austria, over the Fuorn Pass into the Val Mustair and over the Fl\u00fcela Pass. Zernez is the center for visitors of the Swiss National Park (Romansh: Parc Naziunal).", "Q192171": "Linda Evangelista (Italian: [evand\u0292e\u02c8lista]; born May 10, 1965) is a Canadian fashion model and one of the top supermodels from the 1990s. She is regarded as one of the most accomplished and influential models of all time, and has been featured on over 700 magazine covers. Evangelista is primarily known for being the longtime \"muse\" of photographer Steven Meisel, as well as for coining the phrase \"We don't wake up for less than $10,000 a day.\" She holds the record for her multiple appearances on the cover of Vogue Italia, all of which were photographed by Meisel.\nEvangelista's modelling career began in 1984 when she signed with Elite Model Management after having moved from her native Canada to New York City. Upon the suggestion of photographer Peter Lindbergh, Evangelista had her hair cut short in 1988. The haircut, nicknamed \"The Linda\", not only sparked many copies worldwide, but it also benefited Evangelista's career and helped usher in the era of the supermodel.\nDescribed as the \"chameleon\" of the fashion industry, and as a key figure among the five supermodels, Evangelista was one of the most famous women in the world during the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s. Unlike her colleagues, she chose not to diversify into other ventures outside of modelling. She retired from her career in 1998 and made a comeback three years later, this time working only sporadically. Her achievements as a model led to her being voted as \"The Greatest Supermodel of All Time\" by the viewers of the television show Fashion File in 2008.", "Q535887": "Thomas Miller McClintock II (; born July 10, 1956) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for California's 4th congressional district, serving since 2009. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as an assemblyman and state senator. McClintock unsuccessfully ran for Governor of California in the California recall election and for Lieutenant Governor of California in the 2006 election.", "Q166796": "David Jamahl Listenbee, better known by his stage name GoonRock, is an American record producer, musician, singer, songwriter and rapper. Raised in Los Angeles, California, early in his career he focused on hip hop and sold beats to artists such as Dr. Dre, Ne-Yo, Kanye West, and Juvenile. He later began incorporating club music. GoonRock co-wrote and co-produced a number of songs on LMFAO's 2011 album Sorry for Party Rocking, including hit singles \"Party Rock Anthem\" and \"Sexy and I Know It.\"In 2013 \"Goonrock\" co-wrote and produced \"A Little Party Never Killed Nobody (All We Got)\" for the international blockbuster film The Great Gatsby for Fergie featuring Q-Tip. In 2012 he co-wrote and produced two songs for Jennifer Lopez, including \"Clothes Off\" and \"Goin' In\". \"Goin' In\" peaked at #1 on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs for 2012.\nIn 2015 and 2016 he released a number of singles under his last name \"Listenbee\". These did not chart in the US or the UK, but had moderate success elsewhere in Europe.", "Q232419": "Saffron Dominique Burrows (born 22 October 1972) is a British-American actress and model. Burrows has appeared in films such as Circle of Friends, Wing Commander, Deep Blue Sea, Gangster No. 1, Enigma, Troy, Reign Over Me and The Bank Job. On TV she has starred as Lorraine Weller on Boston Legal, Dr. Norah Skinner on My Own Worst Enemy, and Detective Serena Stevens on Law & Order: Criminal Intent. She appeared as Cynthia Taylor on the Amazon Video series Mozart in the Jungle.", "Q441860": "Desiree Rollocks (born 4 September 1970), known by her stage name Daisy Dee, is a Dutch singer, actress and TV host, especially well known in the German-speaking world.", "Q467119": "Veronika Cherkasova (Belarusian: \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u045e\u043d\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0432\u0430, Vieranika Anatolje\u016dna \u010carkasava; Russian: \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430; January 12, 1959 \u2013 October 20, 2004) was a Belarusian journalist, born in Minsk, Belarus. She was stabbed to death in her Minsk apartment on October 20, 2004.The killer, who inflicted over 20 stab wounds, has never been found. The official investigation was suspended in December 2005, restarted in February 2006, and suspended again on March 14, 2006, citing lack of indictable suspects. Authorities have tried to pin the killing on her family.Veronika Cherkasova had worked for various independent opposition newspapers: \"Belorusskaya Delovaya Gazeta\" (in the 90's), \"BelGazeta\" (1995\u20132003) and, finally, in 2003\u20132004 for \"Salidarna\u015b\u0107\" (Solidarity) newspaper.\nShe specialized in investigative journalism and wrote about social issues, including articles about religious sects and Romani communities in Belarus, but also she published several articles about illegal arms trade between Alexander Lukashenko's Belarus and Saddam Hussein's Iraq. She visited Iraq in 2002 as member of group of journalists invited to the country by some Belarus businessman who had partners in Iraq. Her site www.veronikacherkasova.org reported some photos taken during this trip disappeared from her flat after the murder.", "Q525458": "Andrew Ross Breckman (born March 3, 1955) is an American television and film writer and a radio personality on WFMU. He is the creator and executive producer of the Emmy Award-winning television series Monk on the USA Network, and is co-host of WFMU radio's long-running conceptual comedy program Seven Second Delay. He has written screenplays for a number of comedy films including Sgt. Bilko (starring Steve Martin) and Rat Race (directed by Jerry Zucker), and is frequently hired as a \"script doctor\" to inject humorous content into scripts written by other screenwriters.", "Q23556": "Atlanta () is the capital, most populous, and primate city of the U.S. state of Georgia. With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044, it is also the 37th most populous city in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5.9 million people and the ninth-largest metropolitan area in the nation. Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County, the most populous county in Georgia. Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County. The city is situated among the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains and has one of the highest elevations among major cities east of the Mississippi River.Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad. With rapid expansion, however, it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads, spurring its rapid growth. The city's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad's local depot, signifying the town's growing reputation as a transportation hub. During the American Civil War, the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman's famous March to the Sea. However, the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the \"New South\". During the 1950s and 1960s, Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement, with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Ralph David Abernathy, and many other locals playing major roles in the movement's leadership. During the modern era, Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub, with Hartsfield\u2013Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998.It ranks in the top twenty among world cities and 10th in the nation with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $385 billion. Atlanta's economy is considered diverse, with dominant sectors that include aerospace, transportation, logistics, professional and business services, media operations, medical services, and information technology. Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage, earning it the nickname of \"the city in a forest.\" Revitalization of Atlanta's neighborhoods, initially spurred by the 1996 Summer Olympics, has intensified in the 21st century, altering the city's demographics, politics, aesthetics, and culture.", "Q264893": "Old Acquaintance is a 1943 American drama film made by Warner Bros. It was directed by Vincent Sherman and produced by Henry Blanke with Jack L. Warner as executive producer from a screenplay by John Van Druten, Lenore Coffee and Edmund Goulding based on Van Druten's 1941 play of the same title.\nThe film starred Bette Davis and Miriam Hopkins with Gig Young, John Loder, Dolores Moran, Roscoe Karns and Anne Revere.", "Q1783022": "Elin \u00d8rjas\u00e6ter (born 25 February 1962) is a Norwegian children's writer, columnist, non-fiction writer and lecturer, and participant in contemporary debates in writing, speaking and television debates.\n\u00d8rjas\u00e6ter was born in B\u00e6rum, and graduated as cand.philol. in human geography from the University of Oslo in 1989. From 2005 to 2007 she was a manager in the publishing house N. W. Damm & S\u00f8n. From 2007 to 2012 she was assigned as columnist for the online business newspaper E24 N\u00e6ringsliv, and since 2012 she has been appointed as lecturer for the institution Campus Kristiania. She was a member of the Norwegian Broadcasting Council 2014\u20132017. In 2004 she was a board member of the Norwegian Boxing Federation. Her publications include the children's books Larry (1992) and Ikke ta Maika (1994), Lederboka from 2008, and Det glade vanvidd from 2011.", "Q116265": "Marthe Keller (born 28 January 1945) is a Swiss actress and opera director. She is perhaps best known for her role in the film Marathon Man (1976), which earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination.", "Q3442901": "Roswell \"Bob\" Garst (June 13, 1898 \u2013 November 4, 1977) was an American farmer and seed company executive. He developed hybrid corn seed in 1930 that allowed greater crop yields than open-pollinated corn. He was perhaps most well known for hosting Nikita Khrushchev on his farm in Coon Rapids, Iowa, on September 23, 1959. He sold hybrid seed to the Soviet Union beginning in 1955 and played a role in improving US-Soviet communication.", "Q22890": "Ireland ( (listen); Irish: \u00c9ire [\u02c8e\u02d0\u027e\u02b2\u0259] (listen); Ulster-Scots: Airlann [\u02c8\u0251\u02d0rl\u0259n]) is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth.Geopolitically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially named Ireland), which covers five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. In 2011, the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million, ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain. As of 2016, 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland, and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigable rivers extending inland. Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature. Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages. Today, woodland makes up about 10% of the island, compared with a European average of over 33%, and most of it is non-native conifer plantations. There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland. The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate, and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant.\nThe earliest evidence of human presence in Ireland is dated at 10,500 BC. Gaelic Ireland had emerged by the 1st century AD. The island was Christianised from the 5th century onward. Following the 12th century Norman invasion, England claimed sovereignty. However, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th\u201317th century Tudor conquest, which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters, and was extended during the 18th century. With the Acts of Union in 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. A war of independence in the early 20th century was followed by the partition of the island, creating the Irish Free State, which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades, and Northern Ireland, which remained a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s. This subsided following a political agreement in 1998. In 1973 the Republic of Ireland joined the European Economic Community while the United Kingdom, and Northern Ireland, as part of it, did the same.\nIrish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the field of literature. Alongside mainstream Western culture, a strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed through Gaelic games, Irish music and the Irish language. The island's culture shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as association football, rugby, horse racing, and golf.", "Q1710886": "Judd Buchanan, (born July 25, 1929) is a Canadian former politician and businessman.\nAfter a career in the life insurance industry working for London Life, Buchanan, born in Edmonton, Alberta, was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1968 election as the Liberal Member of Parliament for London West.\nHe served as a Parliamentary Secretary in the early 1970s, first to the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, and then to the Finance Minister.\nHe was appointed to the Cabinet by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1974 as Minister of Indian Affairs. In 1976, he was moved to the position of Minister of Public Works, and served concurrently as Minister of State for Science and Technology. In 1978, he left these files to become President of the Treasury Board until the defeat of the Trudeau government in the 1979 election.\nWhen the Liberals returned to power in the 1980 election, Buchanan was not returned to Cabinet and he resigned his seat in the House of Commons in August 1980 to return to the private sector.Following his political career, Buchanan entered the tourism industry, leading Silver Star Mountain Resorts Ltd. In 1995, he helped create the Canadian Tourism Commission which works with government to promote Canada as a tourist destination. He served as its chairman until his retirement in 2002.\nIn 2000, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.", "Q678095": "Paris Match (French pronunciation: \u200b[pa.\u0281imat\u0283]) is a French-language weekly news magazine. It covers major national and international news along with celebrity lifestyle features.", "Q299936": "Lois Elsa Hole, CM, AOE (n\u00e9e Veregin; 30 January 1929 \u2013 6 January 2005) was a Canadian politician, businesswoman, academician, professional gardener and best-selling author. She was the 15th Lieutenant Governor of Alberta from 10 February 2000 until her death. She was known as the \"Queen of Hugs\" for breaking with protocol and hugging almost everyone she met, including journalists, diplomats and other politicians.", "Q787055": "Edwin Lawrence Godkin (October 2, 1831 \u2013 May 21, 1902) was an Irish-born American journalist and newspaper editor. He founded The Nation and was the editor-in-chief of the New York Evening Post from 1883 to 1899.", "Q377623": "Jos\u00e9 Hern\u00e1ndez (born Jos\u00e9 Rafael Hern\u00e1ndez y Pueyrred\u00f3n; November 10, 1834 \u2013 October 21, 1886) was an Argentine journalist, poet, and politician best known as the author of the epic poem Mart\u00edn Fierro.", "Q192165": "Daniel Lebern Glover (; born July 22, 1946) is an American actor, film director, and political activist. He is known for his lead role as Roger Murtaugh in the Lethal Weapon film series. He also has leading roles in the films The Color Purple (1985), To Sleep with Anger (1990), Predator 2 (1990), Angels in the Outfield (1994) and Operation Dumbo Drop (1995). Glover has prominent supporting roles in Silverado (1985), Witness (1985), Saw (2004), Shooter (2007), 2012 (2009), Death at a Funeral (2010), Beyond the Lights (2014), Dirty Grandpa (2016), and Sorry to Bother You (2018). He is an active supporter of various political causes.\n\n", "Q118248": "Josef Escher (17 September 1885, Simplon \u2013 9 December 1954) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1950-1954).\n\nHe was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 14 September 1950 resigned on 26 November 1954 and died on 9 December 1954. He was affiliated to the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. During his office time he held the Department of Posts and Railways.", "Q138198": "The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Spanish: Partido Socialista Obrero Espa\u00f1ol [pa\u027e\u02c8ti\u00f0o so\u03b8ja\u02c8lista o\u03b2\u027ee\u027eo espa\u02c8\u0272ol] (listen); PSOE [pe\u02c8soe] (listen)) is a social-democratic political party in Spain. The PSOE has been in government for a longer time than any other political party in modern democratic Spain, namely from 1982 to 1996 under Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez; from 2004 to 2011 under Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero; and currently since 2018 under Pedro S\u00e1nchez.\nThe PSOE was founded in 1879, making it the oldest party currently active in Spain. The PSOE played a key role during the Second Spanish Republic, being part of coalition government from 1931 to 1933 and from 1936 to 1939, when the Republic was defeated by Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. Historically a Marxist party, it abandoned Marxism in 1979. The PSOE has historically had strong ties with the General Union of Workers (UGT), a Spanish trade union. For a couple of decades, UGT membership was a requirement for PSOE membership. However, since the 1980s UGT has frequently criticized the economic policies of PSOE, even calling for several general strikes against PSOE governments on 14 December 1988, 28 May, 1992, 27 January 1994 and 29 September 2010, all jointly with the other major union, CCOO. The unions and the left have often criticized the economic policies of the PSOE for its liberal nature, have denounced the policies of deregulation and generalization of the precarious and temporary work, cuts in social benefits, such as unemployment and retirement, and the privatizations of big companies and public services.\nThe PSOE is a member of the Party of European Socialists, Progressive Alliance and the Socialist International. In the European Parliament, PSOE's 20 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) sit in the Socialists and Democrats (S&D) European parliamentary group.", "Q434227": "Dorothy Jordan (August 9, 1906 \u2013 December 7, 1988) was an American movie actress who had a short but successful career beginning in talking pictures in 1929.", "Q28474288": "Kerry Darrell Rossall (born June 23, 1947) is an American stuntman, actor and producer. He is best known for portraying \"Mike from San Diego\" in the 1979 war film Apocalypse Now.", "Q1394971": "Kanda Bongo Man (born Bongo Kanda; 1955) is a Congolese soukous musician.Kanda Bongo Man was born in Inongo, Democratic Republic of the Congo. He became the singer for Orchestra Belle Mambo in 1973, developing a sound influenced by Tabu Ley. His solo career only started to take off after moving to Paris in 1979, where his music started to incorporate elements of then-vibrant zouk music popularized by Kassav (originating in the French West Indies). His first solo albums, Iyole in 1981 and Djessy in 1982, were hits.He is known for the structural changes he implemented to soukous music. The previous approach was to sing several verses and have one guitar solo at the end of the song. Kanda Bongo Man revolutionized soukous by encouraging guitar solos after every verse and even sometimes at the beginning of the song. His form of soukous gave birth to the kwassa kwassa dance rhythm where the hips move back and forth while the hands move to follow the hips.\nLike many African rumba and soukous musicians before him, Kanda Bongo Man also had an entourage of musicians. Many of Kanda's musicians later moved on to start their own solo careers. Most notable of these was Diblo Dibala. Known as \"Machine Gun\", Diblo Dibala was a vital part of Kanda Bongo Man's lineup on several albums, playing guitar on both Kwasa Kwasa and Amour Fou.Kanda Bongo Man still tours in Europe and the United States. In July 2005 he performed at the LIVE 8: Africa Calling concert in Cornwall.\n\n", "Q92835": "Markus Hendrik Overmars (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8m\u0251rk\u0275s \u02c8\u0266\u025bndr\u026ak \u02c8m\u0251rk \u02c8o\u02d0v\u0259r\u02ccm\u0251rs]; born 29 September 1958 in Zeist, Netherlands) is a Dutch computer scientist and teacher of game programming known for his game development application Game Maker. Game Maker lets people create computer games using a drag-and-drop interface. He is the former head of the Center for Geometry, Imaging, and Virtual Environments at Utrecht University, in the Netherlands. This research center concentrates on computational geometry and its application in areas like computer graphics, robotics, geographic information systems, imaging, multimedia, virtual environments, and games.\nOvermars received his Ph.D. in 1983 from Utrecht University under the supervision of Jan van Leeuwen, and has since been a member of the faculty of the same university. Overmars has published over 100 journal papers, largely on computational geometry, and is the co-author of several books including a widely used computational geometry text.\nOvermars has also worked in robotics. He was the first to develop the probabilistic roadmap method in 1992, which was later independently discovered by Kavraki and Latombe in 1994. Their joint paper, Probabilistic roadmaps for path planning in high-dimensional configuration spaces, is considered one of the most influential studies in motion planning, and has been widely cited (more than 2500 times as of 2014 according to Google Scholar).In 2011, Overmars and game designer Jochem Schut developed a snake video game called Super Snake HD as a mobile app; it was published by YoYo Games.Overmars founded and is CTO of Tingly Games in 2012. Tingly focuses on HTML5 games and e-cards / casual games, the latter of which is called \"greeting games\".He is also the original author of the XForms toolkit.", "Q945057": "Henri L\u00e9on Emile Lavedan (9 April 1859 \u2013 4 September 1940), French dramatist and man of letters, was born at Orl\u00e9ans, the son of Hubert Lavedan, a well-known Catholic and liberal journalist.\nLavedan contributed to various Parisian papers a series of witty tales and dialogues of Parisian life, many of which were collected in volume form. In 1891 he produced at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Fran\u00e7ais Une Famille, followed at the Vaudeville in 1894 by Le Prince d'Aurec, a satire on the nobility, afterward renamed Les Descendants.\nHe had a great success with Le Duel (Com\u00e9die-Fran\u00e7aise 1905), a powerful psychological study of the relations of two brothers. Lavedan was admitted to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1898.", "Q239558": "Jane Elizabeth Leeves (born 18 April 1961) is an English actress. She played Daphne Moon on the television sitcom Frasier from 1993 until 2004, for which she was nominated for an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award. She is also known for her role as Joy Scroggs on TV Land's sitcom Hot in Cleveland.Leeves made her screen debut with a small role in 1983 on the British comedy television show The Benny Hill Show, and appeared as a dancer in Monty Python's The Meaning of Life. She moved to the United States, where she performed in small roles. From 1986 to 1988, she had her first leading role in the short-lived sitcom Throb, and then secured a recurring part in the television sitcom Murphy Brown. She received further recognition for roles in films such as Miracle on 34th Street (1994), James and the Giant Peach (1996), Music of the Heart (1999), and The Event (2003). In 2018, she began starring in the Fox medical drama, The Resident.", "Q77107": "Ulrich von Hutten (21 April 1488 \u2013 29 August 1523) was a German scholar, poet and satirist, who later became a follower of Martin Luther and a Protestant reformer.\nBy 1519, he was an outspoken critic of the Roman Catholic Church. Hutten was a bridge between the Renaissance humanists and the Lutheran Reformation.\nHe was a leader of the Imperial Knights of the Holy Roman Empire along with Franz von Sickingen. Both were the leaders in the Knights' Revolt.", "Q229993": "Sherilyn Fenn (born Sheryl Ann Fenn; February 1, 1965) is an American actress. She came to attention for her performance as Audrey Horne on the TV series Twin Peaks (1990\u20131991, 2017) for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award. She is also known for her roles in Wild at Heart (1990), Of Mice and Men (1992), Boxing Helena (1993) and the television sitcom Rude Awakening (1998\u20132001).", "Q539071": "Diane Solomon is an American singer, songwriter and nutritionist, who was part of the group who represented Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985, in which they sang \"Children, Kinder, Enfants\". They received 37 points and finished in thirteenth place.After gaining a BSC at the University of Oregon, majoring in communications and theatre arts, she arrived in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s, intending to enter the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. But before she was able to, she was \"discovered\" by a BBC executive (John R King) playing her guitar and singing country and folk songs at a private New Year's party in London. Following a successful screen test, she was awarded her own television programme, The Diane Solomon Show, on BBC One. The first was an hour long special filled with songs and interviews, which aired on December 24, 1974, with guests including Demis Roussos, Spike Milligan and Arthur Negus. Her 1975 album, Take Two, reached #26 in the UK Albums Chart.She is now resident in New Hampshire, United States, and still sings and writes, as well as practising in the fields of nutrition and homeopathy.", "Q375034": "The Shuttered Room [a.k.a. Blood Island] is a 1967 British horror film directed by David Greene and starring Gig Young and Carol Lynley as a couple who move into a house with dark secrets. It is based on a short story of the same name by August Derleth which Derleth published as a so-called 'posthumous collaboration with H. P. Lovecraft. The film has also been re-released under the title Blood Island.Although set in the U.S., the film was shot in Kent and Norfolk, England. The film features a large, half-brick, half-timber watermill, which is destroyed by fire in the closing scenes. The building used was Hardingham Mill on the River Yare in Norfolk.\n\n", "Q237575": "Maria Edgeworth (1 January 1768 \u2013 22 May 1849) was a prolific Anglo-Irish writer of adults' and children's literature. She was one of the first realist writers in children's literature and was a significant figure in the evolution of the novel in Europe. She held views on estate management, politics and education, and corresponded with some of the leading literary and economic writers, including Sir Walter Scott and David Ricardo.", "Q69339": "Nathaniel Hawthorne (; n\u00e9 Hathorne; July 4, 1804 \u2013 May 19, 1864) was an American novelist, dark romantic, and short story writer. His works often focus on history, morality, and religion.\nHe was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, to Nathaniel Hathorne and the former Elizabeth Clarke Manning. His ancestors include John Hathorne, the only judge involved in the Salem witch trials who never repented of his actions. He entered Bowdoin College in 1821, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1824, and graduated in 1825. He published his first work in 1828, the novel Fanshawe; he later tried to suppress it, feeling that it was not equal to the standard of his later work. He published several short stories in periodicals, which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. The next year, he became engaged to Sophia Peabody. He worked at the Boston Custom House and joined Brook Farm, a transcendentalist community, before marrying Peabody in 1842. The couple moved to The Old Manse in Concord, Massachusetts, later moving to Salem, the Berkshires, then to The Wayside in Concord. The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850, followed by a succession of other novels. A political appointment as consul took Hawthorne and family to Europe before their return to Concord in 1860. Hawthorne died on May 19, 1864, and was survived by his wife and their three children.\nMuch of Hawthorne's writing centers on New England, many works featuring moral metaphors with an anti-Puritan inspiration. His fiction works are considered part of the Romantic movement and, more specifically, dark romanticism. His themes often center on the inherent evil and sin of humanity, and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity. His published works include novels, short stories, and a biography of his college friend Franklin Pierce, the 14th President of the United States.", "Q1166593": "Darrell McCall (born April 30, 1940) is a country music performer, known for his honky tonk and traditional country musical style at the height of his career in the 1960s, and his return to popularity during the Outlaw country era in the late 1970s.", "Q884179": "Blind Willie Walker (April 1896 \u2013 March 4, 1933) was an early American blues guitarist and singer, who played the Piedmont blues style. He was described by blues musicians such as Reverend Gary Davis and Pink Anderson as an outstanding guitarist. Josh White called him the best guitarist he had ever heard, even better than Blind Blake: \"Blake was quick, but Walker was like Art Tatum.\" In his performances, he was often accompanied by guitarist Sam Brooks.", "Q153739": "Hans Peter Wilhelm Arp (16 September 1886 \u2013 7 June 1966), better known as Jean Arp in English, was a German-French sculptor, painter, and poet, and worked in other media such as torn and pasted paper. He was known as Dadaist and abstract artist.\n\n", "Q2043519": "PEN Centre Germany is part of the worldwide association of writers founded in London in 1921, now known as PEN International. One of over 140 autonomous PEN centres around the world, PEN Centre Germany is based in Darmstadt, Hesse.", "Q102210": "Roland Cantzler (born April 4, 1931) is a German jurist and politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was a member of the German Bundestag.", "Q190772": "Baron Sim\u00e9on Denis Poisson FRS FRSE (French: [si.me.\u0254\u0303 d\u0259.ni pwa.s\u0254\u0303]; 21 June 1781 \u2013 25 April 1840) was a French mathematician, engineer, and physicist who made many scientific advances.", "Q1648421": "JB Floyd (n\u00e9 James Robert Floyd; born 2 June 1929) is an American concert pianist (jazz, classical, experimental, avant-garde, and the like), composer, and music pedagogue at the collegiate level. Before retiring in 2013, Floyd had spent 64 years as a music educator in higher education, notably as Chairman of Keyboard Performance, at Northern Illinois University from 1962 to 1981 and Chairman of Keyboard Performance at the University of Miami Frost School of Music from 1982 to 2013. Floyd is a Yamaha Artist.", "Q187568": "Willy Enrique Meyer Pleite (born 19 August 1952, in Madrid) is a Spanish politician and Member of the European Parliament with the Izquierda Unida (United Left). He is a member of the bureau of the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left, and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Fisheries, Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on Petitions. He is a substitute for the Committee on Development.\nMeyer Pleite was born in Madrid. He is a member of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) since 1970.\nHis name caught the attention of the media after the resignation of his sit as Member of the European Parliament due to the discovery of a controversial SICAV under the ownership of the communist parliamentary in 2014.", "Q741600": "Shelton Hank Williams (born December 12, 1972), known as Hank Williams III and Hank 3, is an American musician, singer and multi-instrumentalist, known for his alternating musical style, between country, punk rock and heavy metal. He is the principal member of the punk metal band Assjack, the drummer for the Southern hardcore punk band Arson Anthem, and was the bassist for Pantera singer Phil Anselmo's band Superjoint Ritual. He has released eleven studio albums, including five for Curb Records. Williams is the grandson of Hank Williams, the son of Hank Williams Jr., the nephew of Jett Williams, and the half-brother of Holly Williams.", "Q144523": "Jasper Napoleon Tincher (November 2, 1878 \u2013 November 6, 1951) was a U.S. Representative from Kansas.\nBorn near Browning, Missouri, Tincher moved with his parents to Medicine Lodge, Kansas, in 1892.\nHe attended the common and high schools.\nHe taught school in Hardtner, Kansas, from 1896 until February 1899.\nHe worked and studied in a law office and was admitted to the bar in May 1899.\nHe commenced the practice of law in Medicine Lodge, Kansas.\nHe was also interested in farming and stock raising.\nTincher was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-sixth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1919 \u2013 March 3, 1927).\nHe was not a candidate for renomination in 1926.\nHe moved to Hutchinson, Kansas, in 1926 and practiced law until his death there on November 6, 1951.\nHe was interred in Memorial Park Cemetery.\n\n", "Q82398": "Haitham al-Maleh (Arabic: \u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u200e, born August 15, 1930) is a Syrian human rights activist and former judge. He is a critic of the current Syrian government under Bashar al-Assad and has been imprisoned by the Syrian government because he was calling for constitutional reforms. Maleh became an important opposition figure in the Syrian Civil War.", "Q953153": "Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and comedian.\nHe was a cast member of Saturday Night Live from 1985 to 1991, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication. From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand-up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's Weekend Update by Vulture.com.", "Q462707": "Frances Benjamin Johnston (January 15, 1864 \u2013 May 16, 1952) was an early American photographer and photojournalist whose career lasted for almost half a century. She is most known for her portraits, images of southern architecture, and various photographic series featuring African Americans and Native Americans at the turn of the 20th century.", "Q188883": "Titus Flavius Clemens, also known as Clement of Alexandria (Greek: \u039a\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u1f08\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2; c. 150 \u2013 c. 215), was a Christian theologian and philosopher who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria. A convert to Christianity, he was an educated man who was familiar with classical Greek philosophy and literature. As his three major works demonstrate, Clement was influenced by Hellenistic philosophy to a greater extent than any other Christian thinker of his time, and in particular by Plato and the Stoics. His secret works, which exist only in fragments, suggest that he was also familiar with pre-Christian Jewish esotericism and Gnosticism. In one of his works he argued that Greek philosophy had its origin among non-Greeks, claiming that both Plato and Pythagoras were taught by Egyptian scholars. Among his pupils were Origen and Alexander of Jerusalem.\nClement is usually regarded as a Church Father. He is venerated as a saint in Coptic Christianity, Eastern Catholicism, Ethiopian Christianity and Anglicanism. He was previously revered in Western Catholicism, but his name was removed from the Roman Martyrology in 1586 by Pope Sixtus V on the advice of Baronius.\n\n", "Q268717": "Lee Won-geun (born June 27, 1991) is a South Korean actor. He made his acting debut in the 2012 popular historical television drama Moon Embracing the Sun and is best known for starring in the high school drama Cheer Up! (2015) as well as the film Misbehavior (2017).", "Q332419": "Michael Mackintosh Foot (23 July 1913 \u2013 3 March 2010) was a British Labour Party politician who served as Labour Leader from 1980 to 1983. Foot began his career as a journalist on Tribune and the Evening Standard. He co-wrote the 1940 polemic against appeasement of Adolf Hitler, Guilty Men, under a pseudonym.\nFoot served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1945 to 1955 and again from 1960 until he retired in 1992. A passionate orator, and associated with the left-wing of the Labour Party for most of his career, Foot was an ardent supporter of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and of British withdrawal from the European Economic Community (EEC). He was appointed to the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Employment under Harold Wilson in 1974, and he later served as Leader of the House of Commons (1976\u20131979) under James Callaghan. He was also Deputy Leader of the Labour Party under Callaghan from 1976 to 1980.\nElected as a compromise candidate, Foot served as the Leader of the Labour Party, and Leader of the Opposition from 1980 to 1983. His strongly left-wing political positions and criticisms of vacillating leadership made him an unpopular leader. Not particularly telegenic, he was nicknamed \"Worzel Gummidge\" for his rumpled appearance. A centrist faction of the party broke away in 1981 to form the SDP. Foot led Labour into the 1983 general election, when the party obtained its lowest share of the vote since the 1918 general election and the fewest parliamentary seats it had had at any time since before 1945. He resigned the party leadership after the election, and was succeeded as leader by Neil Kinnock.\nBooks authored by Michael Foot include Guilty Men (1940); The Pen and the Sword (1957), a biography of Jonathan Swift; and a biography of Aneurin Bevan.", "Q335376": "Kevin Robert McNally (born 27 April 1956) is an English actor who has worked in theatre, radio, film and television. He is best known for portraying Joshamee Gibbs in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series.\n\n", "Q996569": "El Cerrito is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States, and forms part of the San Francisco Bay Area. It has a population of 23,549 according to the 2010 census. El Cerrito was founded by refugees from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. It was incorporated in 1917 as a village with 1,500 residents. As of the census in 2000, there were 23,171 people, 10,208 households and 5,971 families in the city. The top 20 employers in the city, according to the 2013 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, include such entities as the West Contra Costa Unified School District, the City of El Cerrito, Lucky Stores, Pastime ACE Hardware, and Honda of El Cerrito.", "Q1912478": "Max Emanuel Cen\u010di\u0107 (born 21 September 1976) is a Croatian countertenor, currently based in Austria. He was a member of the Wiener S\u00e4ngerknaben.", "Q56477048": "Fear: Trump in the White House is a non-fiction book by American journalist Bob Woodward about the presidency of Donald Trump. The book was released on September 11, 2018. Woodward based the book on hundreds of hours of interviews with members of the Trump administration. The book's publisher Simon & Schuster announced that it had sold 1.1 million copies (across all formats) in the first week of its release, making it the fastest selling opener in the company's history.", "Q73407": "Curt Ernst von Morgen (1 November 1858 in Nei\u00dfe \u2013 15 February 1928 in L\u00fcbeck) was a Prussian explorer and officer, later General of Infantry during World War I. He was a recipient of Pour le M\u00e9rite with Oak Leaves.", "Q1876840": "Luka Juhart was born in Slovenia in 1982. After the graduation from the High School of Music in Maribor, in the class of Andrej Lorber, he entered the Academy of Music in Trossingen (Staatliche Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Trossingen), where he graduated in the accordion class of Hugo Noth. He obtained two degrees: a pedagogical one (Diplom Musiklehrer, 2005) and an artistic one (K\u00fcnstlerische Ausbildung, 2006). Currently he is doing a master's degree at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik W\u00fcrzburg, in the class of Stefan Hussong. He has also taken part in master courses and workshops led by Margit Kern, Ivan Koval, Toma\u017e Lorenz, Christoph Bossert, etc.\nLuka Juhart has received several awards in national and international competitions, among which the Dr. Roman Klasinc Prize for exceptional artistic achievements (2001), the DAAD Prize for the best foreign student of the Academy of Music at Trossingen (2002) and the Iris Marquardt Prize (2003). He has given solo and chamber music concerts in Slovenia, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, France, Italy and Croatia. Occasionally, he records for various radio stations (such as RTV Ljubljana, RTV Maribor and ORF). Currently he's working with several contemporary composers, such as Uro\u0161 Rojko, Klaus Huber, Vinko Globokar and Stefan Beyer.", "Q940891": "Alexander Draper Wolff (born November 1, 1997) is an American actor, director, writer, and musician.\nHe first gained recognition for starring alongside his older brother Nat in the Nickelodeon musical comedy series The Naked Brothers Band (2007\u201309), which was created by the boys' mother Polly Draper. Wolff and his brother released two soundtrack albums for the series, The Naked Brothers Band and I Don't Want to Go to School, which were co-produced by their father Michael Wolff. Subsequent to the conclusion of the Nickelodeon series, Wolff and his older brother formed a duo called Nat & Alex Wolff, and released the albums Black Sheep (2011) and Public Places (2016). The brothers also co-starred in their mother's comedy-drama film Stella's Last Weekend (2018).\nWolff focused his career on film roles, portraying Dzhokhar Tsarnaev in Patriots Day (2016) and John \"Derf\" Backderf in My Friend Dahmer (2017). His other acting roles include My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2 (2016), Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017), and Hereditary (2018). Wolff made his directorial debut with the drama film The Cat and the Moon (2019).", "Q459791": "Anne-Marie Alonzo, (December 13, 1951 \u2013 June 11, 2005) was a Canadian playwright, poet, novelist, critic and publisher.\nBorn in Alexandria, Egypt, she immigrated to Quebec when she was twelve. In 1966 she was the victim of a car accident which left her quadriplegic and using a wheelchair.She received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1976, a Master of Arts degree in 1978, and a Ph.D. in French studies in 1986 from the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al.\nThe author of 20 books, her poetry collection, Bleus de mine, received the Prix \u00c9mile-Nelligan in 1985 and was nominated for the 1985 Governor General's Awards. She co-founded Trois magazine and in 1989 launched the Festival litt\u00e9raire de Trois.In 1996, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada.\n\n", "Q204801": "Magnus Jacob Crusenstolpe (1795\u20131865), Swedish historian; he became famous both as a political and a historical writer early in his career.\nCrusenstolpe won considerable distinction with a series of historical-romantic tales, (Little Stories); but his fame rests mainly on his works as a journalist, historian, biographer, and politician. His works of fiction become to a degree political or progressive (see for example The House of Holstein-Gottorp in Sweden).", "Q1066587": "Charles de Lint (born December 22, 1951) is a Canadian writer of Dutch origins. He is married to\u2014and plays music with\u2014MaryAnn Harris.\nPrimarily a writer of fantasy fiction, he has written widely in the subgenres of urban fantasy, contemporary magical realism, and mythic fiction. Along with writers like Terri Windling, Emma Bull, and John Crowley, de Lint in the 1980s pioneered and popularized the genre of urban fantasy. He writes novels, novellas, short stories, poetry, and lyrics. His most famous works include: the Newford series of books (Dreams Underfoot, Widdershins, The Blue Girl, The Onion Girl, Moonlight and Vines, Someplace to be Flying etc.), as well as Moonheart, The Mystery of Grace, The Painted Boy and A Circle of Cats (children's book illustrated by Charles Vess). His distinctive style of fantasy draws upon local American folklore and European folklore; De Lint was influenced by many writers in the areas of mythology, folklore, and science fiction, including J.R.R. Tolkien, Lord Dunsany, William Morris, Mervyn Peake, James Branch Cabell, E.R. Eddison etc. Some of his mythic fiction poetry can be found online on the Endicott Studio website.As an essayist/critic/folklorist he writes book reviews for The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, has judged several literary awards, and has been a writer-in-residence for two public libraries.\n\n", "Q1325374": "Yoshiyuki Tomino (\u5bcc\u91ce \u7531\u60a0\u5b63, Tomino Yoshiyuki, born \u5bcc\u91ce \u559c\u5e78 November 5, 1941) is a Japanese mecha anime creator, animator, songwriter, director, screenwriter and novelist. He was born in Odawara, Kanagawa Prefecture, and studied at Nihon University's College of Art. He is best known for creating the Gundam anime franchise.", "Q2539056": "Dane Whitman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The third character to bear the Black Knight name, he was created by writer Roy Thomas and artist John Buscema, and first appeared in The Avengers #47 (December 1967). The original Black Knight's descendant and the supervillain Black Knight's nephew, he inherited a mystical sword that carried a curse and took the Black Knight name to help restore honor, and has been a long time member of the Avengers' various incarnations as well as the Defenders, Ultraforce, Heroes for Hire, and MI: 13.\nThe character was featured in a four-issue mini-series in 1990 and two one-shots in 1996 and 2007. Starting in 2015, he was the main character in Marvel's All-New, All-Different Marvel ongoing Black Knight series, the first ongoing series to feature Dane Whitman as the titular character; however, this was short-lived as dwindling sales resulted in the series' cancellation after five issues.In 2019, it was announced that Kit Harington would be playing Dane Whitman in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, debuting in The Eternals (2021).\n\n", "Q4772605": "Anthony John Goldbloom (born 21 June 1983) is the founder and CEO of Kaggle, a Silicon Valley start-up which has used predictive modelling competitions to solve problems for NASA, Wikipedia, Ford and Deloitte. Kaggle has improved the state of the art across a range of fields, including mapping dark matter and HIV/AIDS research. Kaggle has received considerable media attention since it first launched in February 2010, particularly following news that it had received $11.25 million in Series A funding from a round led by Khosla Ventures and Index Ventures. Goldbloom has been cited by Forbes Magazine as one of the 30 Under 30 in Technology, profiled by Fast Company as part of its 'Who's Next?' series and by the Sydney Morning Herald. Goldbloom has been quoted in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Independent and has appeared on the Science Show Catalyst.\n\n", "Q512592": "Stayve Jerome Thomas (born September 8, 1980), better known by his stage name Slim Thug, is an American rapper. He gained mainstream attention for his contribution to the hit single by rapper Mike Jones, \"Still Tippin'\".", "Q119630": "Nana Gualdi (April 29, 1932, Basel, Switzerland \u2013 July 11, 2007) was a German singer and actress.\nGualdi, born as Adriana Klein, had a hit with the German version of the song, \"Everybody Loves a Lover\", which was popularized in the United States by Doris Day.\nShe appeared in several films including Schlagerrevue 1962. During the 1980s, Ms. Gualdi enjoyed success as a stage actress in Hamburg and Stuttgart, Germany.\nNana Gualdi died at age 75 in 2007 of undisclosed causes.", "Q523997": "Lu\u00eds Filipe Vieira Ferreira (born 22 June 1949) is a Portuguese real estate businessman who is the 33rd president of sports club S.L. Benfica since 2003. He is also president of the club's SAD board of directors.", "Q253959": "Ole Ernst Pedersen (16 May 1940 \u2013 1 September 2013) was a Danish actor, active on stage, TV and film. He appeared in 95 films and television shows from 1967 to 2013. He starred in the 1983 film Der er et yndigt land, which won an Honourable Mention at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival.Ernst died on 1 September 2013, aged 73, from undisclosed causes.", "Q66744": "Gommiswald is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Rieden and Ernetschwil merged into the municipality of Gommiswald.", "Q77891": "Anton Schnack (21 July 1892 \u2013 26 September 1973) was a German writer. He joined the German Army when World War I began. He is one of the leading German war poets of the First World War, and has been compared with English poet Wilfred Owen. After the war he became an editor for numerous publications. He was one of the 88 writers who pledged their allegiance to Adolf Hitler in October 1933 in a Vow of Most Faithful Allegiance (Gel\u00f6bnis treuester Gefolgschaft).", "Q435677": "Paolo Bonacelli (born 28 February 1937) is an Italian actor.\nHe is best known for his performance as the Duke de Blangis in Pier Paolo Pasolini's final film, Sal\u00f2, or the 120 Days of Sodom (1975). He was in Midnight Express (1978) as the despised prison trustee Rifki and Caligula (1979), in which he plays the role of Cassius Chaerea.\nHe co-starred with Roberto Benigni in the films Johnny Stecchino and Night on Earth, both from 1991.", "Q980323": "Namik Dokle (born March 11, 1946 in Durr\u00ebs) is an Albanian politician. He served as Chairman of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania from 4 September 2001 to 30 April 2002.Dokle is lecturer in Political Academy of the Socialist Party of Albania.", "Q954614": "Emmanuel \"Rico\" Rodriguez (17 October 1934 \u2013 4 September 2015), also known as Rico, Reco or El Reco, was a Cuban-born Jamaican ska and reggae trombonist. He recorded with producers such as Karl Pitterson, Prince Buster, and Lloyd Daley. He was known as one of the first ska musicians. Beginning in the 1960s, he worked with The Members, The Specials, Jools Holland, and Paul Young.", "Q47952": "Salford () is an area and the main component of the City of Salford, Greater Manchester, England, directly west of Manchester city centre in a meander of the River Irwell, which forms part of its boundary with Manchester.\nThe wider City of Salford local government district is administered from Swinton. The former County Borough of Salford, which included Broughton, Pendleton and Kersal, was granted city status in 1926. In 2011, Salford had a population of 103,886, and the City of Salford 233,933.Historically in Lancashire, Salford was the judicial seat of the ancient hundred of Salfordshire. It was granted a charter by Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester, in about 1230, making Salford a free borough of greater cultural and commercial importance than its neighbour Manchester, although since the Industrial Revolution of the late 18th and early 19th centuries that position has been reversed.Salford became a major cotton and silk spinning and weaving factory town and inland port on the Manchester Ship Canal in the 18th and 19th centuries. Industries declined in the 20th century, causing economic depression, and Salford became a place of contrasts, with regenerated inner-city areas like Salford Quays next to some of the most socially deprived and violent areas in England.Salford is home to the University of Salford, and has seen several firsts, including the world's first free public library, and the first street to be lit by gas. Salford's MediaCityUK became the headquarters of CBBC and BBC Sport in 2011, joined by ITV Granada in 2013.", "Q1900054": "Mark Fredrick Farner (born September 29, 1948) is an American singer, guitarist and songwriter, best known as the lead singer and lead guitarist for Grand Funk Railroad, and later as a contemporary Christian musician.", "Q521170": "Vladimir Alekseyevich Gilyarovsky (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, 26 November 1853 \u2013 1 October 1935), was a Russian writer and newspaper journalist, best known for his reminiscences of life in pre-Revolutionary Moscow (Moscow and Muscovites), which he first published in a book form in 1926.", "Q507809": "Andrew Michael Sullivan (born 10 August 1963) is a British-born American author, editor, and blogger. Sullivan is a conservative political commentator, a former editor of The New Republic, and the author or editor of six books. He started a political blog, The Daily Dish, in 2000, and eventually moved his blog to various publishing platforms, including Time, The Atlantic, The Daily Beast, and finally an independent subscription-based format. He announced his retirement from blogging in 2015. Sullivan has been a writer-at-large at New York since 2016.Sullivan says his conservatism is rooted in his Roman Catholic background and in the ideas of the British political philosopher Michael Oakeshott. In 2003, he wrote he was no longer able to support the American conservative movement, as he was disaffected with the Republican Party's continued rightward drift on social issues during the George W. Bush era.Born and raised in Britain, he has lived in the United States since 1984 and currently resides in Washington, D.C. and Provincetown, Massachusetts. He is openly gay and a practising Roman Catholic.", "Q6123726": "Jaime Davidovich (September 29, 1936 \u2013 August 27, 2016) was an Argentine-American conceptual artist and television-art pioneer. His innovative artworks and art-making activities produced several distinct professional reputations including painter, installation artist, video artist, Public-access television cable TV producer, activist, and non-profit organizer. He is the creator of legendary downtown Manhattan cable television program The Live! Show (1979\u20131984). Billed as \"the variety show of the avant-garde\", The Live! Show was an eclectic half-hour of live, interactive artistic entertainment inspired by the Dada performance club Cabaret Voltaire and the anarchic humor of American television comedian Ernie Kovacs.", "Q181131": "Gary Lee Anderson (born October 8, 1939) is a former Nebraska state legislator and an American sport shooter. He was the only shooter to win two consecutive Olympic gold medals in the 300 m rifle event before it was discontinued. He also set six individual world records, and won seven world and 11 national titles, as well as 11 gold medals at the Pan-American Games.", "Q236125": "Linda Perry (born April 15, 1965) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and record producer. She was the lead singer and primary songwriter of 4 Non Blondes, and has since founded two record labels and composed and produced hit songs for several other artists. They include: \"Beautiful\" by Christina Aguilera; \"What You Waiting For?\" by Gwen Stefani; and \"Get the Party Started\" by P!nk. Perry has also contributed to albums by Adele, Alicia Keys, and Courtney Love, as well as signing and distributing James Blunt in the United States. Perry was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2015.", "Q256809": "Alice Babs (born Hildur Alice Nilson; 26 January 1924 \u2013 11 February 2014) was a Swedish singer and actress. She worked in a wide number of genres \u2013 Swedish folklore, Elizabethan songs and opera. While she was best known internationally as a jazz singer, Babs also competed as Sweden's first annual competition entrant in the Eurovision Song Contest 1958. In 1972 she was named Sweden's Royal Court Singer, the first non-opera singer as such.\n\n", "Q60335": "James Baby (August 25, 1763 \u2013 February 19, 1833) was a judge and political figure in Upper Canada.", "Q942076": "Kevin Danell Mann (born January 10, 1969), better known by his stage name Brotha Lynch Hung, is an American rapper and record producer from Sacramento, California known for his gallows humor and horror-themed lyrics. He has been described as an innovator of horrorcore and one of the forefathers of the genre, along with being one of the most prominent rappers to emerge out of the Sacramento rap scene. Since the release of his debut EP 24 Deep in 1993, Brotha Lynch Hung has sold 3.4 million CDs through 15 different projects independently.\n\n", "Q95814": "For the Swiss cyclist (born 1969), see Armin Meier.Armin Meier (1943 \u2013 31 May 1978) was a German actor, best known for his performances in films of Rainer Werner Fassbinder.\nAccording to the documentary film Fassbinder: To Love Without Demands (2015), directed by Christian Braad Thomsen, Meier was one of Fassbinder's many lovers. Meier killed himself shortly after not being invited to Fassbinder's 33rd birthday party. Meier's body was later found in Fassbinder's apartment.", "Q4314987": "The Dnipro Polytechnic National Technical University (Ukrainian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u0414\u043d\u0456\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0430\u00bb), abbreviated in Ukrainian as NTU DP (Ukrainian: \u041d\u0422\u0423 \u0414\u041f) is located in Dnipro, the third most populous city in Ukraine. It was founded in 1899 as the Yekaterinoslav Higher Mining School. The task of the university then was to provide the mining industry with highly qualified specialists, a goal that has continued to direct the university's leadership right up to the present day, although in recent years its academic offer has developed beyond the confines of mining-related subjects. Currently, its structure consists of nine faculties (academic departments). During the Soviet era, the polytechnic was one of the country's top specialised institutions of higher education. It is ranked as one of Ukraine's best universities in many rankings and today attracts a large number of foreign students.\nThe Dnipro Polytechnic is one of the leading establishments of higher education in Ukraine. According to the ratings of UNESCO it achieved 6th position among the 200 Top universities in Ukraine in 2009.", "Q19190": "Rupert Alexander Lloyd Grint (born 24 August 1988) is an English actor and producer. He rose to prominence for his portrayal of Ron Weasley, one of the three main characters in the Harry Potter film series. Grint was cast as Ron at the age of 11, having previously acted only in school plays and at his local theatre group. From 2001 to 2011, he starred in all eight Harry Potter films.\nBeginning in 2002, Grint began to work outside of the Harry Potter franchise, playing a co-leading role in Thunderpants. He has had starring roles in Driving Lessons, a dramedy released in 2006, and Cherrybomb, a drama film of limited release in 2010. Grint co-starred with Bill Nighy and Emily Blunt in Wild Target, a comedy. His first film project following the end of the Harry Potter series was the 2012 anti-war film, Into the White, in which he has a supporting role. In 2013, Grint's new film CBGB was released and he was cast in CBS's new show Super Clyde. Grint made his stage debut in Jez Butterworth's Mojo in October 2013 at the Harold Pinter Theatre in London. In 2014 he voiced the character of Josh in Postman Pat: The Movie, and in 2017, he starred in and was executive producer of the television series Snatch, based on the film of the same name.", "Q152369": "Fouad Mebazaa (Arabic: \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0632\u0639\u200e Fu\u02be\u0101d el-Mbaza\u02bf; born 15 June 1933) is a Tunisian politician who was President of Tunisia from 15 January 2011 to 13 December 2011. He was active in Neo Destour prior to Tunisian independence, served as Minister of Youth and Sports, Minister of Public Health, and Minister of Culture and Information, and was Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of Tunisia from 1991 to 2011.", "Q885529": "Johnson Barnes III (born April 15, 1983), better known by his stage name Blu, is an American West Coast rapper from Los Angeles, California. He is best known for his group Blu & Exile and their debut album Below the Heavens. He is a forefront member of the California-based collective, Dirty Science. Blu is also co-CEO of New World Color, a label through which he has released many of his projects. He is recognized for his collaboration albums between him and various producers like Exile, Mainframe, Ta'Raach, Bombay, Madlib, Nottz, and Union Analogtronics. He has also performed at over 300 shows and has independently spread his music internationally, with strong followings in places like London, Tokyo, Paris, Berlin, Toronto, Zurich, Melbourne, Moscow, South America and South Africa.", "Q70126": "Vezia is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q274316": "Sophia of Halshany or Sonka Olshanskaya (Belarusian: \u0421\u043e\u0444'\u044f \u0413\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, romanized: Sofja Hal\u0161anskaja; Lithuanian: Sofija Al\u0161\u0117ni\u0161k\u0117; Polish: Zofia Holsza\u0144ska; c.\u20091405 \u2013 September 21, 1461 in Krak\u00f3w) was a Grand Duchy of Lithuania princess of Halshany. As the fourth and last wife of Jogaila, King of Poland and Supreme Duke of Lithuania, she was Queen consort of Poland (1422\u20131434). As the mother of W\u0142adys\u0142aw III, King of Poland and Hungary, and Casimir IV, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, she was the mother of the Jagiellon dynasty.", "Q232343": "Kathryn Bridget Moynahan (born April 28, 1971) is an American actress and model. Moynahan is known for her role in the police drama Blue Bloods. She graduated from Longmeadow High School in Massachusetts in 1989, and began pursuing a career in modeling. She appeared in department-store catalogs and magazines, and after doing television commercials, she began taking acting lessons. Moynahan made her television debut in a guest appearance in the comedy series Sex and the City in 1999, where she later had a recurring role as Natasha.\nShe made her feature film debut in Coyote Ugly (2000). She was cast in a supporting role in Serendipity (2001). Moynahan was also featured in films The Sum of All Fears (2002), The Recruit (2003), I, Robot (2004), Lord of War (2005), Grey Matters (2006), Prey (2007), Noise (2007), Ramona and Beezus (2010), John Wick (2014), The Journey Home (2014), and John Wick: Chapter 2 (2017).\nShe starred in the ABC television series Six Degrees, which premiered in September 2006, but was taken off the schedule after just eight episodes aired. Moynahan has starred as an assistant district attorney in the CBS drama Blue Bloods since September 2010, which is currently (2020) in its 10th season.", "Q326444": "Mark Ross Pellegrino (born April 9, 1965) is an American actor of film and television. He is best known for his work as Lucifer in Supernatural, Paul Bennett in Dexter, Jacob in Lost and as Bishop in Being Human. He also recurred in the role of Clayton Haas in the ABC thriller Quantico.", "Q920195": "Eamon Michael Ryan (born 28 July 1963) is an Irish Green Party politician who has served as Leader of the Green Party since May 2011. He has been a Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) for the Dublin Bay South since 2016, and previously from 2002 to 2011 for the Dublin South constituency. He previously served as Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources from 2007 to 2011.", "Q596862": "Ciro Verratti (17 August 1907 \u2013 6 July 1971) was an Italian fencer. He won a gold medal in the team foil event at the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was cast as the lead in the 1937 pirate swashbuckler The Black Corsair, his only film role.", "Q460138": "The Dawn Patrol is a 1930 American pre-Code World War I film starring Richard Barthelmess and Douglas Fairbanks Jr. It was directed by Howard Hawks, a former World War I flight instructor, who even flew in the film as a German pilot in an uncredited role. The Dawn Patrol won the Academy Award for Best Story for John Monk Saunders. It was subsequently remade in 1938, with the same title, and the original was then renamed Flight Commander and released later as part of the Warner Bros. film catalog.\n\n", "Q659715": "Kulm District is a district in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland. It is located west of Lake Hallwil and covers parts of the Wyna and Suhre valleys. The principal town is Unterkulm; the largest municipality is Reinach. The district contains 17 municipalities, is 101.35 km\u00b2 in area and has a population of 41,581 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q714167": "Bj\u00f6rn Nils Olof Skifs (listen; born 20 April 1947) is a Swedish singer, songwriter, actor, and screenwriter.\n\n", "Q1680517": "James Hamilton (1769\u20131829) was an Irish language teacher, who introduced the \"Hamiltonian system\" of teaching languages.", "Q8810": "Granada ( gr\u0259-NAH-d\u0259, Spanish: [\u0261\u027ea\u02c8na\u00f0a]) , locally [\u0261\u027ea\u02c8na] is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of four rivers, the Darro, the Genil, the Monachil and the Beiro. It sits at an average elevation of 738 m (2,421 ft) above sea level, yet is only one hour by car from the Mediterranean coast, the Costa Tropical. Nearby is the Sierra Nevada Ski Station, where the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1996 were held.\nIn the 2005 national census, the population of the city of Granada proper was 236,982, and the population of the entire urban area was estimated to be 472,638, ranking as the 13th-largest urban area of Spain. About 3.3% of the population did not hold Spanish citizenship, the largest number of these people (31%; or 1% of the total population) coming from South America. Its nearest airport is Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca Granada-Ja\u00e9n Airport.\nThe Alhambra, an Arab citadel and palace, is located in Granada. It is the most renowned building of the Islamic historical legacy with its many cultural attractions that make Granada a popular destination among the tourist cities of Spain. The Almohad influence on architecture is also preserved in the Granada neighborhood called the Albaic\u00edn with its fine examples of Moorish and Morisco construction. Granada is also well-known within Spain for the University of Granada which has an estimated 82,000 students spread over five different campuses in the city. The pomegranate (in Spanish, granada) is the heraldic device of Granada.", "Q119618": "Shmaryahu Levin (Russian: \u0428\u043c\u0430\u0440\u044c\u044f\u0445\u0443 \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d; born 1867 in Svislach, Minsk Governorate; died 9 June 1935, Haifa), was a Jewish Zionist activist. He was a member of the first elected Russian Parliament for the Constitutional Democratic Party in 1906.", "Q1412967": "Roland E. Janes (August 20, 1933 \u2013 October 18, 2013) was an American rockabilly guitarist and record producer, who was active at Sun Records between 1956 and 1963.", "Q88845": "Hermynia Zur M\u00fchlen, or Hermynia zur M\u00fchlen, born as Hermine Isabelle Maria Gr\u00e4fin Folliot de Crenneville, also Folliot de Crenneville-Poutet (December 12, 1883 \u2013 March 20, 1951) was an Austrian writer and translator. She translated over seventy books into German from English, Russian and French, including work by Upton Sinclair, John Galsworthy, Jerome K. Jerome, Harold Nicolson, Max Eastman and Edna Ferber. She has been characterised as \"one of the best known women writers of the Weimar Republic.\". A committed socialist from a Viennese aristocratic Catholic family, she was sometimes called the Red Countess.", "Q310690": "Ronnie Aaron Killings (born January 19, 1972) is an American professional wrestler, rapper, and actor. He is currently signed to WWE, performing on the Raw brand under the ring name R-Truth. Outside of WWE, he was best known under the name Ron \"The Truth\" Killings.\nKillings worked for World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) as K-Kwik from 1998 to 2002, forming a team with \"Road Dogg\" Jesse James, and winning the WWF Hardcore Championship twice. After his release in 2002, he joined Jeff Jarrett's new promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). As Ron \"The Truth\" Killings, he won the NWA World Heavyweight Championship twice, being the first African-American wrestler to win the title. He also formed 3Live Kru with Jesse James and Konnan, the trio held the NWA World Tag Team Championship twice. Killings established Team Pacman with football player Adam Jones and won the TNA World Tag Team Championship before leaving TNA in late 2007.\nHe returned to WWE in 2008 and was rebranded as R-Truth. As R-Truth, Killings won the WWE United States Championship, and the WWE Tag Team Championship (with Kofi Kingston). In 2011, he was elevated to main event status, headlining the Capitol Punishment pay-per-view against WWE Champion John Cena. R-Truth also formed a tag team with The Miz, called the Awesome Truth, facing John Cena and The Rock at Survivor Series. In the years that followed, he was used as a comedy wrestler and primarily wrestled on the undercard until 2018, when he teamed with Carmella to win the second edition of the Mixed Match Challenge. He then captured the United States Championship for a second time in January 2019. Later that year, he won the newly instated WWE 24/7 Championship, and holds the record for the most reigns at thirty-five.", "Q24211": "Aloys Thomas Raimund, Count Harrach (7 March 1669, Vienna - 7 November, 1742, Vienna) was an Austrian politician and diplomat. His father was Ferdinand Bonaventura I. He belonged to the Austrian noble family of Harrach.\nAloys von Harrach was the envoy of the Austrian Emperor in Dresden in 1694, served in the same function in Spain from 1697 to 1700 and was in Dresden again in 1711, and thereafter in Berlin and Hannover on diplomatic missions. From 1715 to 1742 he acted as 'Landmarschall' in Lower Austria, and from 1728 to 1733 as viceroy of Naples, from where he gathered numerous art pieces (Gallery in Rohrau). From 1734 to his death Count Harrach was a member of the Secret State Conference (Geheime Staatskonferenz) in Vienna.\nThe Count was first married to Marie Barbara von Sternberg on April 22, 1691, and then to Countess Anna Caecilie von Thannhausen on August 22, 1695.\nHis oldest son, Count Friedrich August von Harrach-Rohrau was interim governor of the Austrian Netherlands. Another son, Wenzel Leopold, was killed in the Battle of San Pietro in 1734.", "Q461540": "Hellboy is a 2004 American supernatural-superhero film directed by Guillermo del Toro and loosely based on the Dark Horse Comics graphic novel Hellboy: Seed of Destruction by Mike Mignola. Ron Perlman stars as Hellboy, alongside Selma Blair, Jeffrey Tambor, Karel Roden, Rupert Evans, and John Hurt in supporting roles. In the film, a demonic beast-turned superhero known as Hellboy secretly works to keep the world safe from paranormal threats with his team, the Bureau of Paranormal Research and Defense.\nHellboy was theatrically released on April 4, 2004 to positive reviews and grossed $99 million worldwide against a production budget of $66 million. The film was followed by a sequel, Hellboy II: The Golden Army, released on July 11, 2008 by Universal Pictures, and a reboot, released on April 12, 2019 by Lionsgate.", "Q378538": "Fabrizio \"Fab\" Filippo (born November 30, 1973) is a Canadian actor.", "Q2199759": "Inwa or Ava (Burmese: \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037; MLCTS: ang:wa.mrui., IPA: [\u0294\u026a\u0301\u0270\u0303wa\u0330 mjo\u0330] or [\u0294\u0259wa\u0330 mjo\u0330]; also spelled Innwa), located in Mandalay Region, Burma (Myanmar), is an ancient imperial capital of successive Burmese kingdoms from the 14th to 19th centuries. Throughout history, it was sacked and rebuilt numerous times. The capital city was finally abandoned after it was completely destroyed by a series of major earthquakes in March 1839. Though only a few traces of its former grandeur remain today, the former capital is a popular day-trip tourist destination from Mandalay.", "Q4823047": "Austin Cuvillier (August 20, 1779 \u2013 July 11, 1849) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada and Canada East.\nHe was born Augustin Cuvillier in Quebec City in 1779 and was hired by a Montreal auctioneer, eventually taking over the business when his employer retired. After he formed a partnership with two other men, the business went bankrupt. By this time, Cuvillier had adopted the anglicized first name Austin. By 1807, he was back in the auction business.\nDuring the War of 1812, he served with the militia. In 1814, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada representing Huntingdon County, as a member of the Parti canadien. He played an important role in the founding of the Bank of Montreal and was one of its first directors. He also helped found the Montreal Fire Insurance Company and became president in 1820. In 1821, he was part of a commission negotiating the sharing of customs duties between Lower and Upper Canada. He opposed the union of the two Canadas. In 1828, he helped present petitions against Governor Dalhousie's policies in London. In 1829, he began to distance himself from the Parti patriote. He opposed the Ninety-Two Resolutions that were presented in 1834. By 1836, he was one of the most important auctioneers in Montreal and served as president on the city's Committee of Trade, later the Montreal Board of Trade. He commanded a battalion in the militia during the Lower Canada Rebellion.\nIn 1841, he was elected to the 1st Parliament of the Province of Canada representing Huntingdon and was elected speaker. In 1844, he defended Governor Charles Theophilus Metcalfe against the Reformers when the governor wished to retain exclusive control over patronage. This led to the end of his political career and Cuvillier returned to his auction business.\nHe had at least one daughter called Luce (1817\u20131900) and two sons called Maurice and Austin.He died of typhus at Montreal in 1849.", "Q336131": "Robert Scott Speedman (born September 1, 1975) is a British-Canadian film and television actor. He is known for playing Ben Covington in the coming-of-age drama television series Felicity, Lycan\u2013Vampire hybrid Michael Corvin in the gothic horror\u2013action Underworld films, and Barry \"Baz\" Blackwell in the TNT crime drama series Animal Kingdom. His other film work includes Duets, Dark Blue, XXX: State of the Union, The Strangers, Barney's Version, and The Vow.", "Q684206": "John Douglas Eshelby FRS (21 December 1916 \u2013 10 December 1981) was a scientist in micromechanics. His work has shaped the fields of defect mechanics and micromechanics of inhomogeneous solids for fifty years and provided the basis for the quantitative analysis of the controlling mechanisms of plastic deformation and fracture.\nEshelby was born at Puddington, Cheshire, the son of Captain Alan John Eshelby and his wife Phoebe Mason Hutchinson. He was educated at St Cyprian's School, Eastbourne and was due to go to Charterhouse School but developed rheumatic fever and received his secondary education privately at home. At about this time the family moved to Manor House at Farrington Gurney, Somerset where his tutors were the village schoolmaster and a local clergyman. He relied extensively on self-instruction and obtained a place in the Physics Department of Bristol University and was awarded a first class honours in physics in 1937. He then worked in a research laboratory under H W B Skinner and W Sucksmith on magnetism and the soft X-ray spectra of solids.In World War II Eshelby began working for the Admiralty on the degaussing of ships, but on 4 May 1940 he joined the Technical Branch of the Royal Air Force. His work from February 1941 to June 1942 was for the Coastal Command Development Unit conducting performance trials of ASV and other operational devices in all types of aircraft. He was then involved in radar work, from August 1942 to February 1943 with 76 signals wing and from February 1943 to September 1944 at the radar establishment at Malvern. He was then transferred to disarmament work and then to the Air Historical branch in September 1945. He left the RAF as a squadron leader on 4 October 1946.After the war Eshelby returned to Bristol University to study for a PhD and taught himself the theory of elasticity for his thesis on \"Stationary and moving dislocations\". He obtained his PhD in 1950 under Neville Mott. In 1951 he moved to the University of Illinois at Urbana as a Research Associate, where he stayed until 1953 when he was appointed a lecturer at the University of Birmingham , where he taught from 1953 to 1964 at the Department of Metallurgy. During this time, he worked on point defects and dislocations, developing the method of 'transformation strains' and studying the Eshelby inclusion problems for the first time, as well as the study of forces on elastic singularities.In 1964 he moved to the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University at the behest of Neville Mott, and was a Fellow of Churchill College from 1965 to 1966. He was then appointed Reader in the Faculty of Materials (Theory of Materials) at the University of Sheffield, where he became Professor in 1971. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in March 1974. He was awarded the Timoshenko Medal in 1977. He died in 1981 and the Eshelby Memorial Bursary was founded in his memory.\nThe scientific phenomenon called \"Eshelby's inclusion\" is named after this scientist, and points at an ellipsoidal subdomain in an infinite homogeneous body, subjected to a uniform transformation strain. Eshelby was clear and amusing as a lecturer, and prepared his lectures with great care, but was not keen on doing experimental work. He was well versed in Sanskrit (among other classical languages) and was an avid second-hand book buyer.\nIn 2012, the Eshelby Mechanics Award for Young Faculty was launched to commemorate the memory of Professor John Douglas Eshelby. The award is given annually to rapidly emerging junior faculty who exemplify the creative use and development of mechanics, and awardees are formally recognised at the annual Applied Mechanics Division Banquet at the American Society of Mechanical Engineers' International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (ASME-IMECE) meeting.", "Q1526368": "The Kreuzschule (German for \"School of the Cross\") in Dresden (also known by its Latin name, schola crucis) is the oldest surviving school in Dresden and one of the oldest in Germany. As early as 1300, a schoolmaster (Cunradus puerorum rector) was mentioned. It was founded as a grammar school for the singers of the capella sanctae crucis (Latin for \"Chapel of the Holy Cross\"), now the Dresdner Kreuzchor. The school is now a Protestant Gymnasium, officially called the Evangelisches Kreuzgymnasium.", "Q118260": "Ludwig von Moos (31 January 1910, Sachseln \u2013 26 November 1990, Bern) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1959\u20131971).\nVon Moos was a member of the cantonal government of Obwalden from 1946 to 1959. He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 17 December 1959 and handed over office on 31 December 1971. He was affiliated to the Conservative-Christian-Social People's Party (Konservativ-Christlichsoziale Volkspartei) (name from 1957\u20131970, today the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC)). \nDuring his time in office he ran the Department of Justice and Police and was President of the Confederation twice in 1964 and 1969.\nVon Moos was a citizen of Sachseln, Obwalden.", "Q451483": "Vivi Bach (3 September 1939 \u2013 22 April 2013) was a Danish film actress. She appeared in 48 films between 1958 and 1974. Bach was born as Vivi Bak in Copenhagen, Denmark, and died on Ibiza, Spain, where she lived with her husband, the Austrian film actor Dietmar Sch\u00f6nherr.\n\n", "Q64635": "Gr\u00fcsch is a Swiss village in the Pr\u00e4ttigau and a municipality in the political district Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2011, the former municipalities of Fanas and Valzeina were merged with Gr\u00fcsch.", "Q145173": "Zalman King (born Zalman King Lefkowitz; May 23, 1941 \u2013 February 3, 2012) was an American film director, writer, actor and producer. His films are known for incorporating sexuality, and are often categorized as erotica.", "Q442399": "Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace (German: Sherlock Holmes und das Halsband des Todes) is a 1962 mystery film directed by Terence Fisher. It was a West German-French-Italian international co-production. The film starred Christopher Lee as Sherlock Holmes and Thorley Walters as Dr. Watson. Curt Siodmak wrote the screenplay, based on characters created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.", "Q332357": "Mark Steyn (; born December 8, 1959) is a Canadian conservative author and commentator. He has written numerous books, including the New York Times bestsellers America Alone: The End of the World As We Know It and After America: Get Ready for Armageddon. He has guest-hosted the nationally syndicated Rush Limbaugh Show, as well as the Tucker Carlson Tonight on Fox News, on which he regularly appears as a guest.", "Q29735": "Nathaniel Buzolic ( b\u0259-ZOL-ich; born 4 August 1983) is an Australian actor. He was the host of Nine Network's late-night television quiz show The Mint, and had a regular role on the BBC soap opera Out of the Blue (2008). He was also a co-host of the educational show Weather Ed on The Weather Channel. He is also known for his role as Kol Mikaelson on the CW show The Vampire Diaries and its spin-off The Originals.", "Q537074": "Gabriel Voisin (February 5, 1880 \u2013 December 25, 1973) was a French aviation pioneer and the creator of Europe's first manned, engine-powered, heavier-than-air aircraft capable of a sustained (1 km), circular, controlled flight, which was made by Henry Farman on January 13, 1908 near Paris, France. During World War I the company founded by Voisin became a major producer of military aircraft, notably the Voisin III. Subsequently, he switched to the design and production of luxury automobiles under the name Avions Voisin.\n\n", "Q770393": "John Stewart Dalrymple III (born October 16, 1948) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 32nd Governor of North Dakota, from 2010 to 2016. He was previously the 36th Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota from 2000 until December 2010, when Governor John Hoeven resigned and Dalrymple succeeded him.\nDalrymple served as a state representative for eight consecutive terms, from 1984 through 2000. He was a candidate for the U.S. Senate twice in 1988 and 1992.", "Q292693": "Sylvia Chang or Chang Ai-chia (Chinese: \u5f35\u827e\u5609; pinyin: Zh\u0101ng \u00c0iji\u0101; born 21 July 1953) is a Taiwanese actress, writer, singer, producer and director. In 1992, she was a member of the jury at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival. In 2018, she was one of the jury members, including Guillermo del Toro and Naomi Watts, at the 74th Venice International Film Festival.", "Q27718": "Walter Edward Block (born August 21, 1941) is an American Austrian School economist and anarcho-capitalist theorist. He currently holds the Harold E. Wirth Eminent Scholar Endowed Chair in Economics at the J. A. Butt School of Business at Loyola University New Orleans, and is a senior fellow of the Ludwig von Mises Institute in Auburn, Alabama. He is best known for his 1976 book Defending the Undefendable, which takes contrarian positions in defending acts which are illegal or disreputable but Block argues are actually victimless crimes or benefit the public.", "Q79102": "Fritzi Massary (31 March 1882 \u2013 30 January 1969) was an Austrian-American soprano singer and actress.", "Q70898": "Robert Scholl (13 April 1891 \u2013 25 October 1973) was a W\u00fcrttembergian politician and father of Hans and Sophie Scholl. Scholl was a critic of the Nazi Party before, during and after the Nazi regime, and was twice sent to prison for his criticism of Nazism. He was mayor of Ingersheim 1917\u20131920, mayor of Forchtenberg 1920\u20131930 and lord mayor of Ulm 1945\u20131948, and co-founded the All-German People's Party in 1952.", "Q386194": "Hong Sehwa is a South Korean journalist and former New Progressive Party delegate.", "Q464438": "Gabrielle Wittkop (n\u00e9e Menardeau) (1920 \u2013 22 December 2002) was a French writer. She was born in Nantes. She married Justus Wittkop, a Nazi deserter, in Paris and moved with him to Germany in 1946 after the end of the Second World War.Her first book, on the German writer E.T.A. Hoffmann was published in German in 1966. Her first novel Le Necrophile (The Necrophiliac, 1972) was published in 1972 by R\u00e9gine Desforges. She wrote several highly regarded novels and travelogues. She also contributed to the art pages of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.\nAfter her partner committed suicide, she wrote an account of it in Hemlock (1988). She herself committed suicide in 2002, after she was diagnosed with lung cancer. Although popular in France and Germany, Wittkop's works are not widely available in English. The Necrophiliac was translated in a Canadian edition by Don Bapst in 2011, and in a Danish edition by Christina Ytzen in 2018.", "Q219878": "Emma Lee Bunton (born 21 January 1976) is an English singer, songwriter, actress, and radio and television presenter. She is a member of the girl group the Spice Girls formed in the 1990s, and in which Bunton was nicknamed Baby Spice. In 2013, she began as a radio presenter on the Heart Breakfast Show in London with Jamie Theakston and presenting her own show on Sunday evenings. She left the breakfast show in 2018.\nBunton's debut solo album, A Girl Like Me, was released in April 2001 by Virgin Records. The album debuted and peaked at number four on the UK Albums Chart. It was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry for sales in excess of 100,000 copies, ultimately becoming the 147th best-selling album in the UK for 2001. The album spawned the UK and New Zealand number-one single \"What Took You So Long?\", as well as the top five singles \"What I Am\" and \"Take My Breath Away\" and the top 20 single \"We're Not Gonna Sleep Tonight\".\nBunton's second studio album, Free Me, was released in February 2004 through 19 Entertainment. Four singles were taken from it: \"Free Me\", \"Maybe\", \"I'll Be There\" and \"Crickets Sing for Anamaria\". The album was also released in the United States, and some of the singles impacted the US dance charts.\nAfter the release of her third studio album, Life in Mono, Bunton reunited with the Spice Girls in 2007 for an international tour and greatest hits album. From 2003 to 2012 Bunton had a recurring role on the BBC comedy series Absolutely Fabulous. She performed at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony on 12 August 2012 with The Spice Girls. This would be the last time that the band would perform as a quintet. Since 2018, Bunton has reunited as the Spice Girls with Geri Halliwell, Melanie C and Mel B.\nBunton's television appearances include being a judge on the ITV celebrity skating show Dancing on Ice (2010\u20132011) and entertainment series Your Face Sounds Familiar (2013). In addition, she voices the character Muhimu in the UK version of the episode \"The Mbali Fields Migration\" of Disney Junior's series The Lion Guard.Bunton released her first single in 12 years, \"Baby Please Don't Stop\" in February 2019, in preparation for her fourth studio album My Happy Place.", "Q20077": "Werdau is a town in Germany, part of the Landkreis Zwickau in the Free State of Saxony. It is situated on the river Plei\u00dfe, 8 km from Zwickau.\nThe town was mentioned as early as 1304, and in 1398 it was purchased by Frederick, then margrave of Meissen, who afterwards became Elector of Saxony.In 1905, the city held a contest for the design of a new town hall (see right), as the old one built in 1727 had become too small. The tower and floorplan of one design was combined with the fa\u00e7ade of another, and ground was broken for construction on August 1, 1908. It was inaugurated on April 26, 1911, with Frederick Augustus III of Saxony in attendance.Werdau station is located on the Leipzig\u2013Hof railway.", "Q912127": "Tad (often styled as TAD) was an American grunge band from Seattle, Washington, formed in 1988 by Tad Doyle. Among the first of the many bands that came out of Seattle in the grunge era, Tad was notable for the fact that its music was inspired far more by 1970s metal (much like Alice in Chains and Soundgarden) than the punk that influenced many other grunge bands.", "Q69311": "Ottilie Wildermuth (German: [\u02c8v\u026ald\u0250\u02ccmu\u02d0t]; n\u00e9e Roosch\u00fcz; 22 February 1817 in Rottenburg am Neckar \u2013 12 July 1877 in T\u00fcbingen) was a German writer, particularly notable for her children's books.", "Q10857409": "Realism, sometimes called naturalism, in the arts is generally the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, or implausible, exotic, and supernatural elements. Realism has been prevalent in the arts at many periods, and can be in large part a matter of technique and training, and the avoidance of stylization.\nIn the visual arts, illusionistic realism is the accurate depiction of lifeforms, perspective, and the details of light and colour. But realist or naturalist works of art may, as well or instead of illusionist realism, be \"realist\" in their subject-matter, and emphasize the mundane, ugly or sordid. This is typical of the 19th-century Realist movement that began in France in the 1850s, after the 1848 Revolution, and also social realism, regionalism, or kitchen sink realism. The Realist painters rejected Romanticism, which had come to dominate French literature and art, with roots in the late 18th century.\nThere have been various movements invoking realism in the other arts, such as the opera style of verismo, literary realism, theatrical realism, and Italian neorealist cinema.", "Q103132": "Agnes Bernelle (born Agnes Elizabeth Bernauer; 7 March 1923 \u2013 15 February 1999) was a Berlin-born expatriate actress and singer, who lived in England for many years, then Ireland. She appeared in over 20 films and also made stage and television appearances.\nHer family fled Berlin in 1936. She was the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) wartime \"Black Propaganda\" radio announcer codenamed \"Vicki\".", "Q3524312": "Thierry Herm\u00e8s (10 January 1801 \u2013 10 January 1878) was a French businessman who founded Herm\u00e8s International and acquired the title as a fashion house designer. He was born in 1801 in the city known today as Krefeld, Germany. Herm\u00e8s originally established his business as a saddle company in 1837. His first workshop showcased jewelry, home decor items, and silk scarves. His father Thierry Herm\u00e8s originated from France and his mother, Agnese Kuhnen originated from Germany. He lost his family due to disease and moved to Paris in 1821. After his death in 1878, his son and grandsons Charles-Emile Herm\u00e8s, Adolphe Herm\u00e8s and Emile-Maurice, continued to run the family business.", "Q528140": "Mike Inez (born May 14, 1966) is an American rock musician best known for his role as the bassist of Alice in Chains since 1993. He is also recognized for his work with Ozzy Osbourne from 1989\u20131993. Inez has also associated with Slash's Snakepit, Black Label Society, and Heart. He is of Filipino descent.", "Q302280": "Aaron Lewis (born April 13, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter and musician who is best known as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and founding member of the alternative metal band Staind, with whom he released seven studio albums. Since 2010, he also pursues a successful solo career in country music with his debut EP Town Line, which was released on March 1, 2011 on Stroudavarious Records. Lewis' first full-length solo release, The Road, was released by Blaster Records on November 13, 2012. Lewis released his second studio album Sinner on September 16, 2016. His third studio album State I'm In was released on April 12, 2019, a day before celebrating his 47th birthday.\nIn 2006, Lewis was ranked at number 49 in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader.", "Q29721": "Gunnar Olof Bj\u00f6rling, (31 May 1887 \u2013 11 July 1960) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish poet. He was one of the leading figures of Finnish-Swedish modernist literature, along with Elmer Diktonius, Edith S\u00f6dergran and Hagar Olsson.", "Q92809": "Rodney Allen Brooks (born 30 December 1954) is an Australian roboticist, Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, author, and robotics entrepreneur, most known for popularizing the actionist approach to robotics. He was a Panasonic Professor of Robotics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and former director of the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. He is a founder and former Chief Technical Officer of iRobot and co-Founder, Chairman and Chief Technical Officer of Rethink Robotics (formerly Heartland Robotics). Outside the scientific community Brooks is also known for his appearance in a film featuring him and his work, Fast, Cheap & Out of Control.", "Q26412": "Vasily Ivanovich Belov (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0432; 23 October 1932 \u2013 4 December 2012) was a Soviet Russian writer, poet and dramatist, who published more than sixty books which sold (as of 1998) seven million copies. A prominent member of the influential 1970s\u20131980s derevenschiki movement, Belov's best known novels include Business as Usual (\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e, 1966), Eves (\u041a\u0430\u043d\u0443\u043d\u044b, 1972\u20131987), Everything's Ahead (\u0412\u0441\u0451 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438, 1986) and The Year of a Major Breakdown (\u0413\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430, 1989\u20131994).\nVasily Belov was a harsh critic of the Soviet rural policies (particularly collectivisation), which he felt were dominated by the cosmopolitan doctrines aiming at repressing the Russian national identity. Even detractors, though, praised Vasily Belov's tough stance on ecological issues and his activities aimed at restoration of the old Russian historic sites and churches. A great admirer of Ivan Ilyin and his legacy, Belov financed the publication of the first Complete Ilyin collection and wrote a preface for it.Vasily Belov, the USSR State Prize (1981) and the State Prize of the Russian Federation (2003) laureate, was also a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1982), the Order of Lenin (1984), the Order of Merit for the Fatherland (IV, 2003) and the Order of Honour (2003).", "Q115988": "Birgitte Hjort S\u00f8rensen (born 16 January 1982) is a Danish actress. She has been nominated for three Robert Awards and one Bodil Award. Born in Hiller\u00f8d and raised in Birker\u00f8d, S\u00f8rensen aspired to an acting career after watching the West End production of the musical Chicago while at school. She graduated from the Danish National School of Performing Arts. Her acting debut was in a minor role in the television series The Eagle in 2005. She followed this by playing Roxie Hart in a Copenhagen production of Chicago, and later on the West End. S\u00f8rensen's breakthrough role was as journalist Katrine F\u00f8nsmark in the television political drama Borgen (2010\u20132013).", "Q78208": "J\u00fcrgen Schr\u00f6der (born 15 September 1940, Magdeburg) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2009, representing Saxony. He is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.", "Q292687": "Kim Ha-neul (Korean: \uae40\ud558\ub298; born February 21, 1978) is a South Korean actress. After starting her career as a model, she rose to fame by starring in romantic-comedy films My Tutor Friend (2003) and Too Beautiful to Lie (2004) and the action-comedy film My Girlfriend Is an Agent (2009). In 2011, Kim won Best Actress at the 48th Grand Bell Awards and the 32nd Blue Dragon Film Awards for her performance in the serial killer thriller Blind. Her television work includes romance series Romance (2002) and A Gentleman's Dignity (2012), On Air (2008) and the melodrama On the Way to the Airport (2016).", "Q1296828": "Kelly Ann Keedy (born July 26, 1965), known by the stage name Keedy, is an American freestyle singer-songwriter best known for the 1991 Billboard Hot 100 top 20 hit, \"Save Some Love\", from her only major label studio album Chase the Clouds.\n\n", "Q4776339": "Antonina Armato is an American songwriter, record producer, music producer and businesswoman. She is the co-founder and member of Rock Mafia, a record production/songwriting team. Antonina is credited for writing and producing for artists beginning in the 1990s. She has worked with Justin Bieber, Zedd, Gwen Stefani, Demi Lovato, Vanessa Hudgens, Miley Cyrus, Selena Gomez, No Doubt, Wyclef Jean, Green Day, Sheena Easton, Mariah Carey, Ariana Grande, Flo Rida, Ellie Goulding, Tokio Hotel and BTS.", "Q105543": "Yu-chien Kuan or Guan Yuqian (Chinese: \u5173\u611a\u8c26; 18 February 1931 \u2013 22 November 2018) was a Chinese-born German sinologist, writer and translator. The son of a high-ranking Chinese Communist Party official, he was denounced as a \"rightist\" and persecuted during the Anti-Rightist Campaign and the Cultural Revolution. This drove him to escape from China using a Japanese passport stolen from his workplace. He landed in Egypt and spent a year and half in prison for illegal entry, before being admitted to West Germany in 1969 as a political refugee.\nIn Germany, he earned a Ph.D. from the University of Hamburg, became a sinology professor at the university and served as an advisor to politicians including Chancellor Helmut Schmidt. He published 26 books, including ten co-authored with his wife, Petra H\u00e4ring-Kuan. He also collaborated with Wolfgang Kubin to translate the works of Lu Xun into German.", "Q66036": "Arvigo is a former municipality in the district of Moesa in the south of the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden, next to Ticino. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Arvigo, Braggio, Cauco and Selma merged to form the new municipality of Calanca.", "Q276273": "Harry Jon Benjamin (born May 23, 1966) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian. He is known for his roles in various adult animated series such as Sterling Archer in Archer; Bob Belcher in Bob's Burgers; Carl Graves in Family Guy; Ben in Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist; Satan in Lucy, the Daughter of the Devil as well as Coach McGuirk and Jason Penopolis on Home Movies.", "Q450789": "Soti Triantafyllou or Triantafillou (Greek: \u03a3\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5; born 1957) is a Greek writer, columnist, translator, and political/social commentator. She is based in Athens and Paris.", "Q179846": "Dzhokhar Musayevich Dudayev (Chechen: Dudin Musa-khant D\u01b6oxar, \u0414\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d \u041c\u0443\u0441\u0430-\u043a\u04c0\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u0445\u0430\u0440; Russian: \u0414\u0436\u043e\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0440 \u041c\u0443\u0441\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432; US pronunciation ; 15 February 1944 \u2013 21 April 1996) was a Soviet Air Force general and Chechen secularist leader, the first President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, a breakaway region in the North Caucasus, from 1991 to his death in 1996.", "Q262206": "Stuart John \"Woolly\" Wolstenholme (15 April 1947 \u2013 13 December 2010) was a vocalist and keyboard player with the British progressive rock band Barclay James Harvest.", "Q301951": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille \u2013 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture.\nFive of his eleven novels have been translated into English. Two were published by San Francisco publisher City Lights Books (3 To Kill [from the French \"Le petit bleu de la c\u00f4te ouest\"] and The Prone Gunman [from the French \"La Position du tireur couch\u00e9\"]). Three other novels, Fatale, The Mad and the Bad [from the French \"O dingos, O chateaux!\"], Ivory Pearl [from the French \"La Princesse du Sang\"] have been released by New York Review Books Classics in 2011, 2014, and 2018 respectively. In 2009, Fantagraphics Books released an English-language version of French cartoonist Jacques Tardi's adaptation of Le petit bleu de la c\u00f4te ouest, under the new English title West Coast Blues. Fantagraphics released a second Tardi adaptation, of \"La Position du tireur couch\u00e9\" (under the title \"Like a Sniper Lining Up His Shot\" ) in the summer of 2011, and a third one, of \"\u00d4 Dingos! \u00d4 Ch\u00e2teaux!\" (under the title \"Run Like Crazy Run Like Hell\") in January 2015. Manchette himself was a fan of comics, and his praised translation of Alan Moore's Watchmen into French remains in print.", "Q659067": "Eggenwil is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q88851": "Prince Henri, Count of Chambord (French: Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonn\u00e9 d'Artois, duc de Bordeaux, comte de Chambord; 29 September 1820 \u2013 24 August 1883) was disputedly King of France from 2 to 9 August 1830 as Henry V, although he was never officially proclaimed as such. Afterwards, he was the Legitimist pretender to the throne of France from 1844 until his death in 1883. \nHenri was the only son of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, born after his father's death. The Duke was the younger son of Charles X of France, by his wife, Princess Carolina of Naples and Sicily, daughter of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies. As the grandson of Charles X, Henri was a Petit-Fils de France. He was the last legitimate descendant in senior the male line of Louis XV of France.", "Q99784": "Hermann Landois (19 April 1835, M\u00fcnster \u2013 29 January 1905) was a German zoologist. He was the brother of physiologist Leonard Landois (1837-1902).\nHe studied natural sciences and theology in M\u00fcnster, where he was ordained as a priest in 1859. In 1863 he obtained his doctorate in zoology at the University of Greifswald, later becoming an associate professor of zoology at the Academy in M\u00fcnster (1873).In 1871 he founded the Westf\u00e4lischen Vereins f\u00fcr Vogelschutz, Gefl\u00fcgel- und Singv\u00f6gelzucht (Westphalian Association for bird protection, poultry and songbird breeding), and during the following year founded the Zoologischen sektion f\u00fcr Westfalen und Lippe (Zoological Division of Westphalia and Lippe).In 1875, he founded the Westphalian zoo in Munster, a preserve with emphasis on European domestic mammals. It had a building for the display, cultivation and breeding of various fowl as well as avaries for songbirds. In 1876 a \"monkey house\" was constructed. Eventually, the zoo expanded to include native fauna in general. By the end of 1882, the site had \"niche displays\" (dioramas) representing fauna from Australia, the North Sea coast, German forests, the African landscape, as well as a section that contained fossils from prehistoric Westphalia.", "Q743995": "Ernest Whitworth Marland, known as E. W. Marland (May 8, 1874 \u2013 October 3, 1941), was an American lawyer, oil businessman in Pennsylvania and Oklahoma, and politician who was a U.S. Congressman and Oklahoma governor. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives from northern Oklahoma in 1932 and as the tenth Governor of Oklahoma in 1934. As a Democrat, he initiated a \"Little Deal\" in Oklahoma during the Great Depression, working to relieve the distress of unemployed people in the state, and to build infrastructure as investment for the future.\nMarland made fortunes in oil in Pennsylvania in the 1900s and in Oklahoma in the 1920s, and lost each in the volatility of the industry and the times. At the height of his wealth in the 1920s, Marland built a mansion known as the Palace of the Prairies in Ponca City, after introducing fox hunts (and red foxes) and polo games to the local elite society. It has been designated a National Historic Landmark. The Marland-Paris Mansion, his former home on Grand Avenue, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.\nMarland and his first wife Virginia did not have any children. To share their wealth and help her sister Margaret Roberts and her family, in 1916 they adopted their two children, George and Lydie, who were then 19 and 16 years old. The Marlands sent them to private school and gave them other advantages. Two years after Virginia's death in 1926, Marland had Lydie's adoption annulled. He married Lydie Roberts that year, and she later accompanied him to Washington, D.C., and the governor's mansion.", "Q111536": "William Julius Wilson (born December 20, 1935) is an American sociologist. He is a professor at Harvard University and author of numerous works on urban sociology, race and class issues. Laureate of the National Medal of Science, he served as the 80th President of the American Sociological Association, was a member of numerous national boards and commissions. He identified the importance of neighborhood effects and demonstrated how limited employment opportunities and weakened institutional resources exacerbated poverty within American inner-city neighborhoods.", "Q1680265": "James Deering (November 12, 1859 \u2013 September 21, 1925) was an industrial executive in the family Deering Harvester Company and subsequent International Harvester, a socialite, and an antiquities collector. He is known for his landmark Vizcaya estate, where he was an early 20th-century resident on Biscayne Bay in the present day Coconut Grove district of Miami, Florida. Begun in 1910, with architecture and gardens in a Mediterranean Revival style, Vizcaya was his passionate endeavor with artist Paul Chalfin, and his winter home from 1916 to his death in 1925.", "Q109379": "Mirjam M\u00fcntefering (born January 29, 1969 in Arnsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German author and a lesbian.She writes about LGBT themes, but also wrote a book on dog training. In 2000, she founded the dog obedience school \"HUNDherum fit\" in Hattingen. M\u00fcntefering is the daughter of Franz M\u00fcntefering.\n\n", "Q6197": "Quintus Horatius Flaccus (8 December 65 BC \u2013 27 November 8 BC), known in the English-speaking world as Horace (), was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian). The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his Odes as just about the only Latin lyrics worth reading: \"He can be lofty sometimes, yet he is also full of charm and grace, versatile in his figures, and felicitously daring in his choice of words.\"Horace also crafted elegant hexameter verses (Satires and Epistles) and caustic iambic poetry (Epodes). The hexameters are amusing yet serious works, friendly in tone, leading the ancient satirist Persius to comment: \"as his friend laughs, Horace slyly puts his finger on his every fault; once let in, he plays about the heartstrings\".His career coincided with Rome's momentous change from a republic to an empire. An officer in the republican army defeated at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, he was befriended by Octavian's right-hand man in civil affairs, Maecenas, and became a spokesman for the new regime. For some commentators, his association with the regime was a delicate balance in which he maintained a strong measure of independence (he was \"a master of the graceful sidestep\") but for others he was, in John Dryden's phrase, \"a well-mannered court slave\".", "Q441684": "Catherine Mouchet (born 21 August 1959) is a French actress.\nShe studied at the Conservatoire de Paris, following the courses of Jacques Lassalle and Claude R\u00e9gy. Her performance in the film Th\u00e9r\u00e8se, directed by Alain Cavalier, won her the C\u00e9sar Award for Most Promising Actress for 1987.", "Q108067": "Sonoma County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 483,878. Its county seat and largest city is Santa Rosa. It is to the north of Marin County and the south of Mendocino County. It is west of Napa County and Lake County.\nSonoma County comprises the Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is the northwesternmost county in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area region.\nSonoma is the southwestern county and largest producer of California's Wine Country region, which also includes Napa, Mendocino, and Lake counties. It possesses thirteen approved American Viticultural Areas and over 350 wineries. In 2012, Sonoma County ranked as the 22nd county in the United States in agricultural production. As early as 1920, Sonoma County was ranked as the eighth most agriculturally productive US county and a leading producer of hops, grapes, prunes, apples, and dairy and poultry products, largely due to the extent of available, fertile agricultural land in addition to the abundance of high quality irrigation water. More than 8.4 million tourists visit each year, spending more than $1 billion in 2016. Sonoma County is the home of Sonoma State University and Santa Rosa Junior College.\nSonoma County is home to several Native American tribes. By the 1830s, European settlement had set a new direction that would prove to radically alter the course of land use and resource management of this region. Sonoma County has rich agricultural land, largely divided between two nearly monocultural uses as of 2009: grapes and pasturage. The voters have twice approved open space initiatives that have provided funding for public acquisition of natural areas, preserving forested areas, coastal habitat, and other open space.", "Q450951": "Vincenzo Lancia (24 August 1881 in Fobello, Piedmont \u2013 15 February 1937 in Turin) was an Italian pilot, engineer and founder of Lancia.\nVincenzo Lancia was born in the small village of Fobello on 24 August 1881, close to Turin; his family tree starts in Fabello around 1550.. He was the youngest of four children (one sister and two brothers), his father being a soup canner who made his money in Argentina before returning to Turin to start his business. From an early age, Vincenzo showed a gift with numbers, and it was intended for him to become a bookkeeper, but developed an interest in machinery and engineering, and was fascinated with the new motor car.\nHe eventually became an apprentice with Giovanni Battista Ceirano, a bicycle importer in Turin, and he was named bookkeeper in the company's brochure in 1898. He was also developing his skills at engineering, design and construction, and developed patience, perseverance and determination. Soon he could tackle most problems single-handedly.\nOnce Lancia was sent to help Count Carlo Biscaretti di Ruffia, who owned a Benz. When they met in February 1899 they quickly became friends. He was to become important in Lancia's later career, and was credited with the design of the now familiar Lancia logo (1911).\nLancia, however, was now chief inspector at Fiat, and was also test driver, although only 19. His driving impressed the Fiat bosses, and he was invited to drive their cars in races, and his first success was in 1900, in Fiat's second race. Lancia led the first lap of first French Grand Prix at Le Mans with a time of 53 minutes 42 seconds. He was an exceptionally fast driver, often fastest of all, but often suffered a mechanical failure. In 1906, Vincenzo Lancia won the Gold Cup in Milan driving the Fiat 28-40 HP.\nHis first car was built in 1907 - the 12 hp Alfa, which included a lot of the technology now taken for granted, and he produced groundbreaking models such as the Lambda and the Aprilia.\nIn 1930, with Gaspare Bona, Battista Farina called Pinin, Giovanni Battista Devalle, Pietro Monateri, Arrigo De Angeli founded the Pininfarina.\nHe died from a heart attack on 15 February 1937 just before the Aprilia was put into full production. He was 55 years old, and he lies buried at Fobello. His wife Adele Miglietti and their son Gianni Lancia continued the management of the car manufacturer (1937\u20131955).", "Q5137571": "Basketball coaching is the act of directing and strategizing the behavior of a basketball team or individual basketball player. Basketball coaching typically encompasses the improvement of individual and team offensive and defensive skills, as well as overall physical conditioning. Coaches also have the responsibility to improve their team by player development, strategy, and in-game management. Coaches also teach and inspire their team to be their best.\nCoaching is usually performed by a single person, often with the help of one or more assistants.", "Q110628": "Richard Allen Dysart (March 30, 1929 \u2013 April 5, 2015) was an American actor. He is best known for his role in the television series L.A. Law (1986\u20131994), for which he received four consecutive Primetime Emmy Award nominations and won for the last one in 1992.", "Q117147": "Thomas Langmann (born 24 May 1971) is a French film producer and actor, known for producing The Artist (2011), for which he received an Academy Award for Best Picture as producer in 2012.\n\n", "Q336125": "Amitav Ghosh (born 11 July 1956) is an Indian writer and the winner of the 54th Jnanpith award, best known for his work in English fiction.", "Q88689": "Walter Schmiele (12 April 1909 in Swinem\u00fcnde \u2013 21 October 1998 in Darmstadt) was a German writer and translator.", "Q6939100": "Murray Alper (January 11, 1904 \u2013 November 16, 1984) was an American actor. He appeared in numerous television series, films, and Broadway productions.", "Q451497": "The All-German People's Party (German: Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei, GVP) was a minor political party in West Germany active between 1952 and 1957. It was a Christian, pacifist, centre-left party that opposed the re-armament of West Germany because it believed that the remilitarisation and NATO integration would make German reunification impossible, deepen the division of Europe and pose a danger to peace.\nMost members were dissidents from the Christian Democratic Union or German Centre Party who disagreed with the foreign and intra-German policy of Konrad Adenauer's government. The party failed to win broader public support, only gaining 1.2% in the federal election. The party dissolved and many members joined the Social Democratic Party (SPD), with a number of former GVP activists rising to high-ranking positions, including two Presidents of Germany, Gustav Heinemann and Johannes Rau.", "Q1293950": "Edward Vivian Robertson (May 27, 1881 \u2013 April 15, 1963) was a U.S. Senator from Wyoming.\nBorn in Cardiff, Wales, he served in the Third Battalion of the Welsh Regiment during the Second Boer War from 1899 to 1902. He then engaged in mechanical and electric power engineering from 1902 to 1912. Robertson emigrated to the United States in 1912 and settled in Park County, Wyoming. He raised livestock and engaged in the mercantile business at Cody, Wyoming, from 1912 to 1942.\nRobertson was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1942 and served from January 3, 1943, to January 3, 1949. He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1948, and he retired from political and public life. Robertson was a resident of Cody until 1958 when he moved to Pendleton, Oregon, where he died in 1963. He was interred in Mount Hope Cemetery in Baker, Oregon.", "Q64147": "Visp (French Vi\u00e8ge) is the capital of the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.", "Q6829": "Speyer (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283pa\u026a\u032f\u0250], older spelling Speier, known as Spire in French and formerly as Spires in English) is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany with approximately 50,000 inhabitants. Located on the left bank of the river Rhine, Speyer lies 25 km (16 miles) south of Ludwigshafen and Mannheim, and 21 km (13 miles) south-west of Heidelberg. Founded by the Romans, it is one of Germany's oldest cities.\nSpeyer Cathedral, a number of other churches and the Altp\u00f6rtel (old gate) dominate the Speyer landscape. In the cathedral, beneath the high altar, are the tombs of eight Holy Roman Emperors and German kings.\nThe city is famous for the 1529 Protestation at Speyer.", "Q63628": "Dominique Bussereau (born 13 July 1952 in Tours, Indre-et-Loire) is a French politician, was Secretary of State for Transport within the government of Fran\u00e7ois Fillon. Appointed to the post on 18 May 2007, he was previously Minister of Agriculture (2004\u20132007), Minister-Delegate for Aviation and Maritime Affairs (2002\u20132004) and Minister-Delegate for Budgets (2004).\n\n", "Q326450": "Eduardo Ren\u00e9 Chib\u00e1s Ribas (August 15, 1907 \u2013 August 16, 1951) was a Cuban politician who used radio to broadcast his political views to the public. He primarily denounced corruption and gangsterism rampant during the governments of Ram\u00f3n Grau and Carlos Pr\u00edo which preceded the Batista era. He believed corruption was the most important problem Cuba faced.\nBorn in Santiago de Cuba to Eduardo Justo Chib\u00e1s Guerra and Gloria de Ribas Agramonte, Chib\u00e1s is considered to have had influence on Fidel Castro's views. Fidel Castro wrote an essay praising him, published in the Communist Youth newspaper Juventud Rebelde on August 26, 2007.In 1947 he formed the Orthodox party, which had the goal of exposing government corruption and bringing about revolutionary change through constitutional means. Castro also joined as he considered Chib\u00e1s as his mentor. Chib\u00e1s lost the 1948 election for president, coming in third place. He was an extremely strong critic of that election\u2019s winner, Carlos Pr\u00edo Socarr\u00e1s.", "Q242868": "Jean-Paul Gaultier (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 p\u0254l \u0261otje]; born 24 April 1952) is a French writer, haute couture and pr\u00eat-\u00e0-porter fashion designer. In 1982, founded his eponymous fashion label. From 2003 to 2010 he also served as the creative director at French luxury house Herm\u00e8s for womenswear. He co-presented the television series Eurotrash with Antoine de Caunes. On January 17, 2020 he announced that he would be retiring from the runway after his 50th-anniversary haute couture show set to take place on January 22, 2020 during Paris Fashion Week.", "Q107432": "Charles Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 \u2013 January 5, 1979) was an American jazz double bassist, pianist, composer and bandleader. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz legends such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Dannie Richmond, and Herbie Hancock.\nMingus' compositions continue to be played by contemporary musicians ranging from the repertory bands Mingus Big Band, Mingus Dynasty, and Mingus Orchestra, to the high school students who play the charts and compete in the Charles Mingus High School Competition. In 1993, the Library of Congress acquired Mingus's collected papers\u2014including scores, sound recordings, correspondence and photos\u2014in what they described as \"the most important acquisition of a manuscript collection relating to jazz in the Library's history\".", "Q317855": "The University of Music Detmold (German: Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Detmold) is one of Germany's leading university-level schools of music, situated in Detmold, Germany.", "Q1196648": "The Treasures of Agra (Russian: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0428\u0435\u0440\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0425\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430: \u0421\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0410\u0433\u0440\u044b) is a 1983 Soviet television film, the fourth of five in the series The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. It was directed by Igor Maslennikov.\nIt starred Vasily Livanov as Sherlock Holmes and Vitaly Solomin as Dr. Watson.\nIt consists of two episodes: Part One, based on The Sign of the Four (beginning), and Part Two, based on A Scandal in Bohemia and The Sign of the Four (continuation and conclusion).", "Q158136": "Kirron Anupam Kher (also Kiran or, Kiron born 14 June 1955) is an Indian theatre, film and television actress, singer, entertainment producer, TV talk show host and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. In May 2014, she was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Indian Parliament from Chandigarh.\n\n", "Q157205": "British Midland Airways Limited (trading at various times throughout its history as British Midland, bmi British Midland, bmi or British Midland International) was an airline with its head office in Donington Hall in Castle Donington, close to East Midlands Airport, in the United Kingdom. The airline flew to destinations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, North America and Central Asia from its operational base at London Heathrow Airport, where at its peak it held about 13% of all takeoff and landing slots and operated over 2,000 flights a week. BMI was a member of Star Alliance from 1 July 2000 until 20 April 2012.BMI was acquired from Lufthansa by International Airlines Group (IAG) on 20 April 2012, and was integrated into British Airways (BA) by 27 October 2012. bmi's subsidiaries Bmibaby and BMI Regional were also purchased, although IAG did not wish to retain either. BMI Regional was sold to Sector Aviation Holdings in May 2012 and operated under the \"flybmi\" brand until it went into administration on 16 February 2019, whereas Bmibaby closed down in September 2012.\nBritish Midland Airways Limited held a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) Type A Operating Licence, permitting it to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats.", "Q272773": "Frances Rose McIver (born 10 October 1988) is a New Zealand actress. She is best known for starring as Olivia \"Liv\" Moore in The CW supernatural comedy-drama series iZombie (2015\u20132019). She received further recognition for starring as Amber Moore in the romantic comedy films A Christmas Prince (2017), A Christmas Prince: The Royal Wedding (2018), and A Christmas Prince: The Royal Baby (2019).\nMcIver began her career with guest appearances in New Zealand-based series, such as Xena: Warrior Princess, Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, and Legend of the Seeker. She gained further success as Summer Landsdown in the superhero series Power Rangers RPM (2009). She also had recurring roles in the Showtime period drama series Masters of Sex (2013\u201314) and the ABC supernatural drama series Once Upon a Time (2013\u201317).\nMcIver made her film debut in the period drama The Piano (1993). She has since starred in the drama The Lovely Bones (2009), the horror comedy Predicament (2010), the sports drama Blinder (2013), the romance drama Petals on the Wind (2014), and the musical drama Daffodils (2019).", "Q5149905": "The Columbia University School of the Arts, also known simply as the School of the Arts or as SoA, is the graduate school of the university that offers programs in the fine arts. It offers the Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degrees in Film, Visual Arts, Theatre and Writing, as well as the Master of Arts (MA) degree in Film Studies. It works closely with the Arts Initiative at Columbia University (CUArts) and organizes the Columbia University Film Festival. Founded in 1948, the school is located in Morningside Heights, New York.", "Q775599": "Ketty Lester (born Revoyda Frierson; August 16, 1934) is an American singer and actress known for her 1962 hit single \"Love Letters\", which reached the top 5 of the charts in the U.S. and the UK. She is also known for her role as Hester-Sue Terhune on the American television series Little House on the Prairie.", "Q101043": "Petra Lang (born 29 November 1962) is a German opera singer. Beginning as a mezzo-soprano, from 2012 a soprano, she is known for her interpretation of music by Richard Wagner and Gustav Mahler. She made an international career in both opera and concert. She has performed at the Bayreuth Festival from 2005, singing the title role of Isolde in 2016.\n\n", "Q188667": "Burh\u0101nudd\u012bn Rabb\u0101n\u012b (Persian: \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u200c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a; 20 September 1940 \u2013 20 September 2011) was an Afghan politician who served as President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996 (de jure until 2001). After the Taliban government was toppled during Operation Enduring Freedom, Rabbani returned to Kabul and served as President from November to 20 December 2001, when Hamid Karzai was chosen at the Bonn International Conference on Afghanistan. Rabbani was also the leader of Jamiat-e Islami Afghanistan (Islamic Society of Afghanistan).\nHe was one of the earliest founders and movement leaders of the Mujahideen in the early 1970s, right before the Soviet\u2013Afghan War. He served as the political head of the Northern Alliance (or United Front), an alliance of various political groups who fought against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. His government was recognized by many countries, as well as the United Nations. He later became head of Afghanistan National Front (known in the media as United National Front), the largest political opposition to Hamid Karzai's government. On 20 September 2011, Rabbani was assassinated by a suicide bomber entering his home in Kabul. As suggested by the Afghan parliament, Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai gave him the title of \"Martyr of Peace\". His son Salahuddin Rabbani was chosen in April 2012 to lead efforts to forge peace in Afghanistan with the Taliban.", "Q58866": "Thea Gabriele von Harbou (27 December 1888 \u2013 1 July 1954) was a German screenwriter, novelist, film director, and actress. She is especially known as the screenwriter of the science fiction film classic Metropolis and the story on which it was based. Harbou collaborated as a screenwriter with film director Fritz Lang, her husband, during the period of transition from silent to sound films.", "Q1307857": "Frank Reicher (December 2, 1875 \u2013 January 19, 1965) was a German-born American actor, director and producer. He is best known for playing Captain Englehorn in the 1933 film King Kong.", "Q76543": "Ulrike Marie Meinhof (7 October 1934 \u2013 9 May 1976) was a West German far-left militant. She co-founded the Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion or RAF) in 1970, after having worked as a journalist for the monthly left-wing magazine konkret. She was arrested in 1972, charged with numerous murders and the formation of a criminal association. In 1976, before the trial concluded, Meinhof was found hanged in her prison cell. The official statement claimed that Meinhof had committed suicide; however, several facts led to public controversy about her death.", "Q3951": "Aalen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u02d0l\u0259n] (listen)) is a former Free Imperial City located in the eastern part of the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) east of Stuttgart and 48 kilometres (30 mi) north of Ulm. It is the seat of the Ostalbkreis district and is its largest town. It is also the largest town in the Ostw\u00fcrttemberg region. Since 1956, Aalen has had the status of Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt (major district town). It is noted for its many half-timbered houses constructed from the 16th century through the 18th century.With an area of 146.63 km2, Aalen is ranked 7th in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg and 2nd within the Government Region of Stuttgart, after Stuttgart. With a population of about 66,000, Aalen is the 15th most-populated settlement in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.", "Q132489": "Amartya Kumar Sen (Bengali: \u02c8\u0254mort:o \u02c8\u0283en; born 3 November 1933) is an Indian economist and philosopher, who since 1972 has taught and worked in the United Kingdom and the United States. Sen has made contributions to welfare economics, social choice theory, economic and social justice, economic theories of famines, decision theory, development economics, public health and measures of well-being of countries.\nHe is currently Thomas W. Lamont University Professor, and Professor of Economics and Philosophy at Harvard University. He was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 and India's Bharat Ratna in 1999 for his work in welfare economics.", "Q746153": "The University of the West Indies (UWI), originally University College of the West Indies, is a public university system established to serve the higher education needs of the residents of 17 English-speaking countries and territories in the Caribbean: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and Turks and Caicos Islands.\nEach country is either a member of the Commonwealth of Nations or a British Overseas Territory. The aim of the university is to help 'unlock the potential for economic and cultural growth' in the West Indies, thus allowing improved regional autonomy. The University was originally instituted as an independent external college of the University of London.The University has produced students who have excelled in a number of disciplines such as the arts and sciences, business, politics, and sports. Notable alumni and faculty include three Nobel Laureates, 72 Rhodes Scholars, 3 Gates Cambridge Scholarship winners, 1 Emmy award winner, 1 Man Booker Prize winner, 1 American Book Awards winner, 18 current or former Caribbean Heads of Government, an Olympic medallist and other award winners. The university's cricket team previously participated in West Indian domestic cricket, but now participates as part of a Combined Campuses and Colleges team.\nThe UWI campus in Mona, Jamaica serves as the headquarters of the UWI system. Aside from UWI Mona, it has four (4) major university centers: UWI Cave Hill (Barbados), UWI St. Augustine (Trinidad and Tobago), UWI Five Islands (Antigua and Barbuda), and the regional UWI Open Campus that is scattered among UWI-funding Caribbean nations.", "Q231886": "Aphra Behn (; bapt. 14 December 1640 \u2013 16 April 1689) was an English playwright, poet, translator and fiction writer from the Restoration era. As one of the first English women to earn her living by her writing, she broke cultural barriers and served as a literary role model for later generations of women authors. Rising from obscurity, she came to the notice of Charles II, who employed her as a spy in Antwerp. Upon her return to London and a probable brief stay in debtors' prison, she began writing for the stage. She belonged to a coterie of poets and famous libertines such as John Wilmot, Lord Rochester. She wrote under the pastoral pseudonym Astrea. During the turbulent political times of the Exclusion Crisis, she wrote an epilogue and prologue that brought her into legal trouble; she thereafter devoted most of her writing to prose genres and translations. A staunch supporter of the Stuart line, she declined an invitation from Bishop Burnet to write a welcoming poem to the new king William III. She died shortly after.She is remembered in Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own: \"All women together ought to let flowers fall upon the tomb of Aphra Behn which is, most scandalously but rather appropriately, in Westminster Abbey, for it was she who earned them the right to speak their minds.\" Her grave is not included in the Poets' Corner but lies in the East Cloister near the steps to the church.", "Q66988": "G\u00fcnsberg is a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q433212": "Alexandra Chando (born July 28, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Maddie Coleman in the CBS soap opera, As the World Turns and for her dual role as identical twins, Emma Becker and Sutton Mercer in the ABC Family drama series, The Lying Game.", "Q155412": "Toni Michele Braxton (born October 7, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, pianist, record producer, actress, television personality, and philanthropist. Braxton has sold over 67 million records worldwide, including 41 million albums. She is one of the highest-selling female R&B artists in history. Braxton has won seven Grammy Awards, nine Billboard Music Awards, seven American Music Awards, and numerous other accolades. In 2011, Braxton was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame.\nIn the late 1980s, Braxton began performing with her sisters in a music group known as The Braxtons; the group was signed to Arista Records. After attracting the attention of producers Antonio \"L.A.\" Reid and Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds and being signed to LaFace Records, Braxton released her self-titled debut studio album in 1993. The album reached number one on the Billboard 200 chart and sold 10 million copies worldwide. In addition, the singles \"Another Sad Love Song\" and \"Breathe Again\" became international successes. The album brought Braxton three Grammy Awards, including the Grammy for Best New Artist.\nBraxton experienced continued success with the albums Secrets (1996), which included the U.S. #1 hit singles \"You're Makin' Me High/Let It Flow\" and \"Un-Break My Heart\"; and The Heat (2000), which opened at #2 on the Billboard 200 and included the U.S. #2 hit single \"He Wasn't Man Enough\". Braxton's subsequent studio albums, More Than a Woman (2002), Libra (2005) and Pulse (2010), were released amid contractual disputes and health issues. In 2014, Braxton and longtime collaborator Babyface released a duet album entitled Love, Marriage & Divorce that earned the duo a Grammy Award for Best R&B Album in 2015. In 2018, Braxton released her ninth studio album, Sex & Cigarettes.\nBraxton is also a television executive producer and personality. She competed in the seventh season of the reality competition series Dancing with the Stars. She has executive produced and starred in Braxton Family Values, a reality television series that has aired on We TV since 2011. Braxton is also an executive producer of Tamar & Vince, a spinoff reality TV series starring her younger sister, Tamar.", "Q3182044": "John \"Spud\" McConnell (born November 13, 1958), is an American actor and television/radio personality based in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is married to actor/producer Maureen Brennan.\nMcConnell is a character actor who has appeared in more than 40 films, ranging from obscure independent films (mostly filmed locally in New Orleans, or elsewhere set in the Gulf Coast region) to major cinematic release movies such as O Brother, Where Art Thou?, Django Unchained, 12 Years a Slave, and Interview with the Vampire. McConnell has also appeared in numerous plays, including an off-Broadway run in the one-man show The Kingfish, wherein he portrays colorful Louisiana Governor Huey P. Long. He is perhaps best known for having portrayed Ignatius J. Reilly from the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel A Confederacy of Dunces, and in that role was the model for a life-sized bronze statue of the fictitious character on historic Canal Street in downtown New Orleans.\nOn television, McConnell has had recurring roles in several series, among them the recent shows: Underground and Hap & Leonard. He also made several appearances over three seasons of Roseanne, with good friend and colleague John Goodman. McConnell was also featured in a recurring role on the FX series The Riches, and on the HBO series Treme as a (fictional) Disc Jockey at (real life) radio station WWOZ.\nMcConnell is a conservative and for 11 years was the #1 afternoon radio personality in the Gulf South, hosting a daily call-in talk show, \"The Spud Show\", on WWL 870 AM and 105.3 FM.\nIn early 2019, McConnell began hosting the morning drive show on KKND (FM). Like his earlier show on WWL, it is also called \"The Spud Show\" but features music, in the station's classic hits format and less politics and talk.", "Q3476326": "Scott Tucker (born May 5, 1962 in Kansas City, Missouri) is an American convicted racketeer, loan shark, former businessman and amateur racing driver. \nIn 2001, Tucker founded an online business, AMG Services, that made payday loans even in states where these high-interest, low-principal loans were restricted or illegal. The business, which generated over $3.5 billion in revenue from just 2008 to June 2013, ultimately made loans to at least 4.5 million Americans. When state regulators tried to shut down his operations, Tucker made deals with Native American tribes to claim ownership of his business and invoke sovereign immunity from state courts. In February 2016, Tucker was arrested and indicted on federal criminal charges filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in relation to his ownership and controlling role in various payday lending operations that were found to have charged illegal interest rates in violation of RICO and TILA statutes. Tucker was convicted of making illegal payday loans and of racketeering in October 2017; he is currently serving a sentence of 16 years and 8 months in federal prison.Tucker began his racing career in 2006, most notably competing in the American Le Mans Series and United SportsCar Championship for his Level 5 Motorsports.The story of Tucker's fall from grace is chronicled in the second episode of the first series of the Netflix series Dirty Money entitled \"Payday\".\n\n", "Q122842": "Philipp M\u00fcller (born 5 November 1952, in Mogelsberg, St. Gallen) is a Swiss politician and was the leader of FDP.The Liberals from 2012 until 16 April 2016. He served in the National Council from 2003\u20132015, before being elected to the Council of States in 2016, representing Aargau.", "Q706577": "Charles-Louis Havas (5 July 1783 \u2013 21 May 1858) was a French writer, translator, and founder of the first news agency Agence Havas (whose descendants are the Agence France-Presse (AFP) and the advertising firm Havas).", "Q112981": "Yu Wenxia (Chinese: \u4e8e\u6587\u971e; pinyin: Y\u00fa W\u00e9nxi\u00e1; born 6 August 1989) is a Chinese actress, television host, singer, model and beauty queen. She won Miss World 2012 in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, the second Chinese national to do so after Zhang Zilin in 2007.", "Q229011": "Leslie Jean Mann (born March 26, 1972) is an American actress. She has appeared in numerous films including The Cable Guy (1996), George of the Jungle (1997), Big Daddy (1999), Timecode (2000), Perfume (2001), Stealing Harvard (2002), The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Knocked Up (2007), 17 Again (2009), Funny People (2009), I Love You Phillip Morris (2009), Rio (2011), The Change-Up (2011), This Is 40 (2012), The Bling Ring (2013), The Other Woman (2014), Vacation (2015), How to Be Single (2016), and Blockers (2018). She is married to Judd Apatow.", "Q1543296": "Granville Wheler (August 1701 \u2013 12 May 1770) was an English clergyman and scientist.", "Q36167": "Hu\u1ebf (Vietnamese: [hw\u011b] (listen)) is a city in central Vietnam that was the capital of \u0110\u00e0ng Trong Kingdom from 1738 to 1775 and of the Nguyen Dynasty from 1802 to 1945. A major attraction is its vast, 19th-century citadel, surrounded by a moat and thick stone walls. It encompasses the Imperial City, with palaces and shrines; the Forbidden Purple City, once the emperor's home; and a replica of the Royal Theater.\nThe city was also the battleground for the Battle of Hu\u1ebf, which was one of the longest and bloodiest battles of the Vietnam War.", "Q114328": "Eduard Borntr\u00e4ger (22 June 1888 \u2013 9 March 1958) was a German film actor.\n\n", "Q663106": "The buddy film is a film genre in which two people\u2014often both men\u2014are put together and on an adventure, a quest, or a road trip. The two often contrast in personality, which creates a different dynamic onscreen than a pairing of two people of the opposite gender. The contrast is sometimes accentuated by an ethnic difference between the two. The buddy film is commonplace in American cinema; unlike some other film genres, it endured through the 20th century with different pairings and different themes.", "Q83535": "Aerol\u00edneas Argentinas, formally Aerol\u00edneas Argentinas S.A., is Argentina's largest airline and the country's flag carrier. The airline was created in 1949 from the merger of four companies, and started operations in December 1950 (1950-12). A consortium led by Iberia took control of the airline in 1990, and Grupo Marsans acquired the company and its subsidiaries in 2001, following a period of severe financial difficulties that put the airline on the brink of closure. The company has been run by the Argentine government since late 2008, when the country regained control of the airline after it was taken over from the Spanish owners. As of December 2014, Aerol\u00edneas Argentinas was state-owned. It has its headquarters in Buenos Aires. SkyTeam membership was achieved in late August 2012 (2012-08); the airline's cargo division became a member of SkyTeam Cargo in November 2013 (2013-11).\nAerol\u00edneas Argentinas and its sister company Austral L\u00edneas A\u00e9reas operates from two hubs, both located in Buenos Aires: Aeroparque Jorge Newbery and Ministro Pistarini International Airport. Its narrow body fleet, used on domestic and regional routes, consists of Boeing 737\u2013700, 737-800 and 737 MAX 8, whereas intercontinental and transoceanic services are flown on the wide body Airbus A330-200 and A340-300.\n\n", "Q933314": "Ehsan Aman (Persian: \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200e \u2013 E\u1e25s\u0101n Am\u0101n; born 1959) is an Afghan American singer. He is one of the few veterans of Afghanistan\u2019s lost music Golden Age who've maintained their popularity over the decades. He gained fame in Afghanistan during 1970s and early 1980s with his first singles and the performances he held at Kabul University. Exiled since the early 80s in the US, he has continued writing and producing music in the state of Virginia, which has also been his residence since that time.\nAman is married to the daughter of songwriter Nainawaz.\n\n", "Q7894020": "Universal Music Latin Entertainment, a division of Universal Music Group (Vivendi), is a record company specialized in producing and distributing Latin Music in Mexico, United States and Puerto Rico. UMLE includes famous Latin music labels such as Universal Music Latino, Fonovisa Records, Universal Music Mexico, Capitol Latin, Machete Music and Disa Records.The record company was created in 2008 with the acquisition of Univision Music Group and combining it with Universal's top Latin artists, along with much of the Latin back catalog of UMG.", "Q924668": "Michael David Watt (born December 20, 1957) is an American bassist, vocalist and songwriter.\nHe is best known for co-founding and playing bass guitar for the rock bands Minutemen, Dos, and Firehose. He is also the frontman for the supergroup Big Walnuts Yonder, a member of the art rock group Banyan and involved with several other musical projects. From 2003 until 2013, he was the bass guitarist for The Stooges.\nWatt has been called \"one of the greatest bassists on the planet.\" CMJ New Music called Watt a \"seminal post-punk bass player.\" Readers of NME voted Mike Watt one of the \"40 Greatest Bassists Of All Time\" and LA Weekly awarded him the number six spot in \"The 20 Best Bassists of All Time.\"In November 2008, Watt received the Bass Player Magazine lifetime achievement award, presented by Flea.", "Q144090": "Edward Elmer Smith (May 2, 1890 \u2013 August 31, 1965), publishing as E. E. Smith, Ph.D. and later as E. E. \"Doc\" Smith, was an American food engineer (specializing in doughnut and pastry mixes) and science-fiction author, best known for the Lensman and Skylark series. He is sometimes called the father of space opera.", "Q506054": "Andrew Love (November 21, 1941 \u2013 April 12, 2012) was a saxophone player based in Memphis, Tennessee, best known for being a member of The Memphis Horns.\n\n", "Q239955": "The AVN (Adult Video News) Hall of Fame has honored people for their work in the adult entertainment industry since 1995. The individuals inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame have \"made significant contributions to the adult industry\" and have had \"a minimum of 10 years in the industry\" to be considered for induction.There are several branches of the AVN Hall of Fame; performers and directors enter the original AVN, video-based Hall of Fame. The Founders branch is \"for those who founded the industry\u2019s pioneering companies\". The Internet Founders Branch is \"for those who built the online sector\" of the industry. The Pleasure Products branch is \"for manufacturers, distributors, and retailers of sex toys\"; The Executive branch is \"for key members of the industry who work behind the scenes in the corporate offices or excelled in other capacities\u2014for example, in sales, marketing, or education\".\n\n", "Q60876": "Heinrich Wilhelm \"Heinz\" R\u00fchmann (7 March 1902 \u2013 3 October 1994) was a German film actor who appeared in over 100 films between 1926 and 1993. He is one of the most famous and popular German actors of the 20th century, and is considered a German film legend. R\u00fchmann is best known for playing the part of a comic ordinary citizen in film comedies such as Three from the Filling Station and The Punch Bowl. During his later years, he was also a respected character actor in films such as The Captain from K\u00f6penick and It Happened in Broad Daylight. His only English-speaking movie was Ship of Fools in 1964.", "Q963523": "Marvin Earl \"Monty\" Roberts (born May 14, 1935) is an American horse trainer who promotes his techniques of natural horsemanship through his Join-Up International organization, named after the core concept of his training method. Roberts believes that horses use a non-verbal language, which he terms \"Equus,\" and that humans can use this language to communicate with horses. In order to promulgate his methods, Roberts has authored a number of books including his original best-seller, The Man Who Listens to Horses, and regularly tours with a live demonstration. He runs an Equestrian Academy in Solvang, California and an \"online university\" to promote his ideas.\n\n", "Q4112619": "George Jefferson \"Jeff\" Dwire (June 6, 1923 - August 12, 1974) was an Arkansas small businessman and the third husband of Virginia Clinton Kelley, and a stepfather of former U.S. President Bill Clinton and Roger Clinton, Jr..", "Q174153": "Stripes is a 1981 American buddy military comedy film directed by Ivan Reitman and starring Bill Murray, Harold Ramis, Warren Oates, P. J. Soles, Sean Young, and John Candy. Several actors including John Larroquette, John Diehl, Conrad Dunn, and Judge Reinhold were featured in their first significant film roles. Joe Flaherty, Dave Thomas, Timothy Busfield, and Bill Paxton also appeared early in their careers.", "Q373848": "Brian Dietzen (born November 14, 1977) is an American actor who has played the supporting role of Dr. Jimmy Palmer on NCIS since 2004. In 2012, he was promoted to a series regular at the beginning of the show's tenth season.", "Q633731": "The Free-minded Union (German: Freisinnige Vereinigung) or Radical Union was a liberal party in the German Empire that existed from 1893 to 1910.", "Q217470": "Alexander Nikolayevich Radishchev (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0449\u0435\u0432; 31 August [O.S. 20 August] 1749 \u2013 24 September [O.S. 12 September] 1802) was a Russian author and social critic who was arrested and exiled under Catherine the Great. He brought the tradition of radicalism in Russian literature to prominence with his 1790 novel Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow. His depiction of socio-economic conditions in Russia resulted in his exile to Siberia until 1797.\nHe was the grandfather of painter Alexey Bogolyubov.", "Q590750": "The Italian Socialist Party (Italian: Partito Socialista Italiano, PSI) was a socialist and later social-democratic political party in Italy, whose history stretched for longer than a century, making it one of the longest-living parties of the country.\nFounded in Genoa in 1892, the PSI dominated the Italian left until after World War II, when it was eclipsed in status by the Italian Communist Party. The Socialists came to special prominence in the 1980s, when their leader Bettino Craxi, who had severed the residual ties with the Soviet Union and re-branded the party as \"liberal-socialist\", served as Prime Minister (1983\u20131987). The PSI was disbanded in 1994 as a result of the Tangentopoli scandals.The party has had a series of legal successors: the Italian Socialists (1994\u20131998), the Italian Democratic Socialists (1998\u20132007) and the Italian Socialist Party (since 2007, originally \"Socialist Party\"). These parties have never reached the popularity of the old PSI. Socialist leading members and voters have joined quite different parties, from the centre-right Forza Italia, The People of Freedom, and the 2013 Forza Italia, to the centre-left Democratic Party.Prior to World War I, future dictator Benito Mussolini was a member of the PSI.", "Q45406": "Konrad Zdarsa (7 June 1944) is a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of G\u00f6rlitz from 2007 till 2010, when he became bishop of Augsburg.\n\n", "Q1411": "Claudius ( KLAW-dee-\u0259s; Latin: Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 1 August 10 BC \u2013 13 October AD 54) was a Roman emperor from AD 41 to 54. Born to Drusus and Antonia Minor at Lugdunum in Roman Gaul, where his father was stationed as a military legate, he was the first Roman emperor to be born outside Italy. Nonetheless, Claudius was an Italic of Sabine origins and a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Because he was afflicted with a limp and slight deafness due to sickness at a young age, his family ostracized him and excluded him from public office until his consulship, shared with his nephew Caligula in 37.\nClaudius's infirmity probably saved him from the fate of many other nobles during the purges of Tiberius' and Caligula's reigns; potential enemies did not see him as a serious threat. His survival led to his being declared emperor by the Praetorian Guard after Caligula's assassination, at which point he was the last man of his family. Despite his lack of experience, Claudius proved to be an able and efficient administrator. He expanded the imperial bureaucracy to include freedmen, and helped to restore the empire's finances after the excess of Caligula's reign. He was also an ambitious builder, constructing many new roads, aqueducts, and canals across the Empire. During his reign the Empire started its successful conquest of Britain.\nHaving a personal interest in law, he presided at public trials, and issued up to twenty edicts a day. He was seen as vulnerable throughout his reign, particularly by elements of the nobility. Claudius was constantly forced to shore up his position; this resulted in the deaths of many senators. These events damaged his reputation among the ancient writers, though more recent historians have revised this opinion. Many authors contend that he was murdered by his own wife. After his death in 54 (at the age of 63), his grand-nephew, step-son, and adopted son Nero succeeded him as emperor. His 13-year reign (slightly longer than Nero's) would not be surpassed by any successors until that of Domitian, who reigned for 15 years.\nHe was a descendant of the Octavii Rufi (through Gaius Octavius), Julii Caesares (through Julia Minor and Julia Antonia), and the Claudii Nerones (through Nero Claudius Drusus). He was a step-grandson (through his father Drusus) and great-nephew (through his mother Antonia Minor) of Augustus. He was a nephew of Tiberius through his father, Tiberius's brother. Through his brother Germanicus, Claudius was an uncle of Caligula and a great uncle of Nero. Through his mother Antonia Minor he was a grandson of Mark Antony and Octavia Minor.", "Q318031": "Liane, Jungle Goddess (German Liane, das M\u00e4dchen aus dem Urwald) is a 1956 West German film directed by Eduard von Borsody. It was based on the 1956 novel Liane, das M\u00e4dchen aus dem Urwald by Anne Day-Helveg. The film attracted considerable attention due to Marion Michael appearing topless.", "Q275593": "Beverle Lorence \"Bebe\" Buell (born July 14, 1953) is an American singer and former fashion model. She was Playboy magazine's November 1974 Playmate of the Month. Buell moved to New York in 1972 after signing a modeling contract with Eileen Ford, and garnered notoriety after her publicized relationship with musician Todd Rundgren from 1972 until 1978, as well as her liaisons with several rock musicians over the following four decades. She is the mother of actress Liv Tyler (born 1977), whose father is Aerosmith frontman Steven Tyler. \nIn 2001 Buell published her autobiography with St. Martin's Press (with Victor Bockris), Rebel Heart: An American Rock and Roll Journey. The book was a New York Times bestseller. The paperback was issued in 2002.", "Q170335": "Constance I (2 November 1154 \u2013 27 November 1198) was Queen regnant of Sicily in 1194\u201398, jointly with her spouse from 1194 to 1197, and with her infant son Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1198, as the heiress of the Norman kings of Sicily. She was also Holy Roman Empress by marriage to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor.", "Q4919640": "Bjorn Rebney is an American businessman who served as chairman and chief executive officer of Bellator MMA.", "Q554074": "Aleksandr Davidovich Nadiradze (Georgian: \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4, Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0435 20 August 1914 \u2013 3 September 1987) was a Soviet inventor, designer and engineer in the fields of aircraft and missile / rocket technology. He developed various missiles, bombs, shells and is considered \"father\" of the mobile ICBMs, having created the RT-21 Temp 2S (SS-16), RSD-10 Pioneer (SS-20) and the RT-2PM Topol (SS-25). More modern weapons such as the RT-2PM2 Topol-M and RS-24 are mostly based on Nadiradze's work as well.", "Q13898": "Guy Fawkes (; 13 April 1570 \u2013 31 January 1606), also known as Guido Fawkes while fighting for the Spanish, was a member of a group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605. He was born and educated in York; his father died when Fawkes was eight years old, after which his mother married a recusant Catholic.\nFawkes converted to Catholicism and left for mainland Europe, where he fought for Catholic Spain in the Eighty Years' War against Protestant Dutch reformers in the Low Countries. He travelled to Spain to seek support for a Catholic rebellion in England without success. He later met Thomas Wintour, with whom he returned to England. Wintour introduced him to Robert Catesby, who planned to assassinate King James I and restore a Catholic monarch to the throne. The plotters leased an undercroft beneath the House of Lords; Fawkes was placed in charge of the gunpowder which they stockpiled there. The authorities were prompted by an anonymous letter to search Westminster Palace during the early hours of 5 November, and they found Fawkes guarding the explosives. He was questioned and tortured over the next few days and confessed to wanting to blow up the House of Lords.\nImmediately before his execution on 31 January, Fawkes fell from the scaffold where he was to be hanged and broke his neck, thus avoiding the agony of being hanged, drawn and quartered. He became synonymous with the Gunpowder Plot, the failure of which has been commemorated in the UK as Guy Fawkes Night since 5 November 1605, when his effigy is traditionally burned on a bonfire, commonly accompanied by fireworks.", "Q120502": "Anton Plenikowski (19 November 1899 \u2013 3 March 1971) was a German communist politician of the Free City of Danzig and East Germany.\n\n", "Q88460": "Hansi Burg (1898\u20131975) was an Austrian-born German stage and film actress.\nShe was born in Vienna as the daughter of Eugen Burg, a leading German actor. She took up professional acting in 1917, appearing mostly on the stage but also in several silent films.\nBurg became known for her long-term relationship with the film star Hans Albers who she met while they were acting together. The Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels forced them to split up because she was Jewish, although they remained in secret contact. During the Second World War she lived in exile in Britain. She returned in 1945 and settled down to live with Albers again. Her father died in Theresienstadt concentration camp.", "Q297516": "\u00d6mer \u00c7elik (born June 15, 1968) is a Turkish journalist and politician. Between January 24, 2013 and August 28, 2015, he served as Minister of Culture and Tourism. He served as the Minister of European Union Affairs and as the Chief Negotiator for Turkish Accession to the European Union between 2016\u20132018.", "Q834309": "L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Rudas (born Adolf R\u00f3th; 1885\u20131950) was a Hungarian communist newspaper editor and politician who survived the Great Purge in the Soviet Union to become director of the Central Party School of the Communist Party of Hungary.", "Q1051840": "Sarah Lawrence College is a private liberal arts college in Yonkers, New York. The college models its approach to education after the Oxford/Cambridge system of one-on-one student-faculty tutorials, which are a key component in all areas of study. Sarah Lawrence emphasizes scholarship, particularly in the humanities, performing arts, and writing, and places high value on independent study.", "Q96886": "Andreas Gottschalk (28 February 1815 in D\u00fcsseldorf \u2013 8 September 1849) was a German physician. He was a member of the Cologne community Communist League. He was an exponent of the \"Left\" sectarian tendencies of the German working class movement. He founded and became president in April 1848 of the Cologne Workers Association, which he led until he got arrested in June of that year. He was released from jail in December. After spending a short time abroad, he returned to Cologne, where he worked as a doctor for the poor until his death in the fall of 1849 having the previous year been \"cheered on by a crowd of 5,000, called for the establishment of a revolutionary committee\"as part of the 1848 revolts. after contracting cholera himself.", "Q937172": "Gargoyles is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television and distributed by Buena Vista Television, and originally aired from October 24, 1994, to February 15, 1997. The series features a species of nocturnal creatures known as gargoyles that turn to stone during the day. After spending a thousand years in an enchanted petrified state, the gargoyles (who have been transported from medieval Scotland) are reawakened in modern-day New York City, and take on roles as the city's secret night-time protectors.Gargoyles was noted for its relatively dark tone, complex story arcs, and melodrama; character arcs were heavily employed throughout the series, as were Shakespearean themes. The series also received favorable comparisons to Batman: The Animated Series. A video game adaptation and a spin-off comic series were released in 1995. The show's storyline continued from 2006 to 2009 in a comic book series of the same title, produced by Slave Labor Graphics.\n\n", "Q156494": "Anton\u00edn Josef Novotn\u00fd (10 December 1904 \u2013 28 January 1975) was First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1953 to 1968, and also held the post of President of Czechoslovakia from 1957 to 1968. An ardent hardliner, Novotn\u00fd was forced to yield the reins of power to Alexander Dub\u010dek during the short-lived reform movement of 1968.", "Q287063": "Ken Rolston is an American computer game and role-playing game designer best known for his work with West End Games and on the computer game series The Elder Scrolls. In February 2007, he elected to join the staff of computer games company Big Huge Games to create a new role-playing game.Rolston has a master's degree from NYU, and is a member of the Science Fiction Writers Association. He has been a professional games designer since 1982.\n\n", "Q98115": "Gunther Krichbaum (born 4 May 1964 in Korntal) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU). He holds the chair of the Committee on European Union Affairs of the German Bundestag since 2007.\n\n", "Q97226": "Gregor Amann (born 15 August 1962 in Ravensburg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) is a German politician and member of the SPD.\nAmann was from 2005 to 2009 a member of the 16th Bundestag, where he represented Frankfurt am Main I.", "Q14891": "Suhl is a city in Thuringia, Germany, located 50 kilometres (31 miles) SW of Erfurt, 110 kilometres (68 miles) NE of W\u00fcrzburg and 130 kilometres (81 miles) N of Nuremberg. With its 37,000 inhabitants, it is the smallest of the six urban districts within Thuringia. Together with its northern neighbour-town Zella-Mehlis, Suhl forms the largest urban area in the Thuringian Forest with a population of 46,000. The region around Suhl is marked by up to 1,000-meter high mountains, including Thuringia's highest peak, the Gro\u00dfer Beerberg (983 m), approximately 5 kilometres (3 miles) NE of the city centre.\nSuhl was first mentioned in 1318 and stayed a small mining and metalworking town, until industrialization broke through in late 19th century and Suhl became a centre of Germany's arms production, specialized on rifles and guns with companies such as Sauer & Sohn. Furthermore, the engineering industry was based in Suhl with Simson, a famous car and moped producer. In 1952, Suhl became one of East Germany's 14 district capitals, which led to a government-directed period of urban growth and conversion. Its results \u2013 a typical 1960s concrete architecture-marked city centre \u2013 are defining to the present. With the loss of its administrative and industrial functions, Suhl saw a lasting period of urban decline starting in 1990.\nSuhl is known for its sportsmen, especially in shooting, winter sports, and volleyball.", "Q7682273": "Tanamera \u2013 Lion of Singapore is a 1989 Australian drama serial which is a co-production between Central Independent television and Grundy in 1989.", "Q725147": "John Evan (born John Spencer Evans; born 28 March 1948, in Blackpool, Lancashire) is a British musician and composer. He is best known for having played keyboards for Jethro Tull from April 1970 to June 1980. He was educated at King's College London.", "Q1716944": "J\u00fcrg Zeltner (4 May 1967 \u2013 22 March 2020) was a Swiss corporate executive. He last served as Group CEO and member of the Board of Directors at KBL European Private Bankers. He was earlier the President of UBS Wealth Management from November 2014 to December 2017. He stepped down from the Group Executive Board at the end of 2017, and retired from the firm as of 2018. He had served as a member of the UBS Group Executive Board since February 2009. From February 2009 to January 2012 he was co-CEO of Wealth Management and Swiss Bank. In February 2016, Zeltner ranked first among the best global private banking CEOs, according to a 2016 Euromoney private banking survey.In 2019, he was diagnosed with a severe brain tumor. He died on 22 March 2020. He is survived by his wife and two children.", "Q91657": "Christian August Hausen (1693\u20131743) was a German mathematician who is known for his research on electricity.", "Q2761044": "Dorothy and the Witches of Oz is a 2012 film directed by Leigh Scott, based on the early 20th century novels The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Ozma of Oz, The Road to Oz and The Magic of Oz by L. Frank Baum. The film stars Paulie Redding, Billy Boyd, Eliza Swenson, Mia Sara, Lance Henriksen, and Christopher Lloyd. A longer version of the film was originally released as a TV miniseries in 2011 called The Witches of Oz, distributed by MarVista Entertainment. The miniseries was over an hour longer and had earlier versions of the special effects. The miniseries was originally released in 2011 in Europe, though its United Kingdom premiere was not until July 5, 2012 on the Sci-Fi Channel.\nDevelopment of the miniseries/film began while director Leigh Scott was making direct-to-video films for The Asylum. Production began in December 2009 and filming took place throughout Connecticut and New York City.", "Q1377": "The University of Ljubljana (Slovene: Univerza v Ljubljani [uni\u028b\u025b\u0301\u02d0\u027eza w ljublj\u00e0\u02d0ni], acronym: UL, Latin: Universitas Labacensis) is the oldest and largest university in Slovenia. It has approximately 39,000 enrolled students.", "Q262789": "Anna Sui (Chinese: \u856d\u5fd7\u7f8e; ) is an American fashion designer from Detroit. She was named one of the \"Top 5 Fashion Icons of the Decade\" and in 2009 earned the Geoffrey Beene Lifetime Achievement Award from the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA), joining the ranks of Yves Saint Laurent, Giorgio Armani, Ralph Lauren, and Diane von Furstenberg. Her brand categories include several fashion lines, footwear, cosmetics, fragrances, eyewear, jewelry, accessories, home goods and a gifts line. Anna Sui products are sold through her free-standing stores and distributors around the world in over 50 countries. In 2006, Fortune estimated the collective value of Sui's fashion empire at over $400 million.", "Q426390": "Jim Schwall (born November 12, 1942) is an American musician, singer-songwriter, and photographer. He is best known as a co-founder and member of the Siegel-Schwall Band.", "Q575904": "Enrique Banchs (1888 \u2013 1968) was an Argentine poet. He published all his work in the space of four years at the beginning of the 20th century, then lay dormant until his death. In his four works, Las barcas (1907), El libro de los elogios (1908), El cascabel del halc\u00f3n (1909) and La urna (1911). Banchs cultivated an ephemeral, classicistic style drawing inspiration from the Siglo de Oro. His final work was composed in sonnets, a form which had already been almost completely abandoned by that time. Banchs published nothing during the final fifty years of his life, but he remained a part of the Argentine literary scene, and a member of the Argentine Academy of Letters. He was friend of Carlos Alberto Leumann.", "Q55173": "Padmasree Warrior is the former Chief Executive Officer of NIO U.S. as well as a member of its board of directors. In these capacities, she was responsible for the brains of NIO's autonomous electric vehicles and the overall user experience. Prior to this she held senior executive positions in Motorola and Cisco.", "Q440015": "Huey Pierce Smith, known as Huey \"Piano\" Smith (born January 26, 1934, New Orleans, Louisiana), is an American rhythm-and-blues pianist whose sound was influential in the development of rock and roll.\nHis piano playing incorporated the boogie styles of Pete Johnson, Meade Lux Lewis, and Albert Ammons, the jazz style of Jelly Roll Morton and the rhythm-and-blues style of Fats Domino. Steve Huey of AllMusic noted that \"At the peak of his game, Smith epitomized New Orleans R&B at its most infectious and rollicking, as showcased on his classic signature tune, 'Don't You Just Know It.'\"", "Q160640": "Raymond Claude Ferdinand Aron (French: [\u0281\u025bm\u0254\u0303 a\u0281\u0254\u0303]; 14 March 1905 \u2013 17 October 1983) was a French philosopher, sociologist, political scientist, and journalist.\nHe is best known for his 1955 book The Opium of the Intellectuals, the title of which inverts Karl Marx's claim that religion was the opium of the people \u2013 Aron argues that in post-war France, Marxism was the opium of the intellectuals. In the book, Aron chastised French intellectuals for what he described as their harsh criticism of capitalism and democracy and their simultaneous defense of Marxist oppression, atrocities, and intolerance. Critic Roger Kimball suggests that Opium is \"a seminal book of the twentieth century.\" Aron is also known for his lifelong friendship, sometimes fractious, with philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.As a voice of moderation in politics, Aron had many disciples on both the political left and right, but he remarked that he personally was \"more of a left-wing Aronian than a right-wing one.\"Aron wrote extensively on a wide range of other topics. Citing the breadth and quality of Aron's writings, historian James R. Garland suggests, \"Though he may be little known in America, Raymond Aron arguably stood as the preeminent example of French intellectualism for much of the twentieth century.\"", "Q544501": "Stadthagen (German pronunciation: [\u0283tat\u02c8ha\u02d0\u0261\u0259n]) is the capital of the district of Schaumburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 20 km east of Minden and 40 km west of Hanover. The city consists of the districts Brandenburg, Enzen-Hobbensen, H\u00f6rkamp-Langenbruch, Krebshagen, Obernw\u00f6hren, Probsthagen, Reinsen and Wendthagen-Ehlen. Earlier, there were also the districts Habichhorst, Bruchhof, Blyinghausen, Enzen and Hobbensen.\nStadthagen is located on the German Timber-Frame Road.", "Q690930": "John Kemp Starley (1854\u20131901) was an English inventor and industrialist who is widely considered the inventor of the modern bicycle, and also originator of the name Rover.\nStarley was born on 14 December 1854 and lived on Church Hill, Walthamstow, London, England. He was the son of a gardener, John Starley, and Mary Ann (n\u00e9e Cippen). In 1872 he moved to Coventry to work with his uncle James Starley, an inventor. He worked with his uncle and William Hillman for several years building Ariel cycles.\nIn 1877, he started a new business Starley & Sutton Co with William Sutton, a local cycling enthusiast. They set about developing bicycles that were safer and easier to use than the prevailing penny farthing or \"ordinary\" bicycles. They started by manufacturing tricycles, and by 1883 their products were being branded as \"Rover\".\nIn 1885, Starley made history when he produced the Rover Safety Bicycle. The Rover was a rear-wheel-drive, chain-driven cycle with two similar-sized wheels, making it more stable than the previous high wheeler designs. Cycling magazine said the Rover had \"set the pattern to the world\" and the phrase was used in their advertising for many years.\n\nIn 1889, the company became J. K. Starley & Co. Ltd and in the late 1890s, it had become the Rover Cycle Company Ltd.\nStarley died suddenly on 29 October 1901, and was succeeded as managing director of the firm by Harry Smyth. Soon after Starley's death the Rover company began building motorcycles and then cars.", "Q2627763": "Azur & Asmar: The Princes' Quest (French: Azur et Asmar) is a 2006 French-Spanish-Belgian-Italian computer-animated fairytale fantasy film written and directed by Michel Ocelot and animated at the Paris animation and visual effects studio Mac Guff Ligne. It was released in theaters in North America as just Azur & Asmar.\nIt is Ocelot's fourth feature, though his first wholly original creation since Kirikou and the Sorceress, and his first use of 3D computer graphics, albeit an atypical employment of this medium with two-dimensional, painted backgrounds and non-photorealistic rendering. Like most of his films it is an original fairy tale, in this case inspired by the folklore (such as the One Thousand and One Nights) and decorative art of North Africa and the Middle East and with an increased degree of characterisation relative to his previous works which pushes it into the genre of fairytale fantasy.\nThe original-language version of the film has significant amounts of dialogue in both French and Classical Arabic; however, the Arabic was not subtitled in the original French theatrical release and is not indented to be subtitled nor replaced for any other audiences.", "Q728463": "Sir Alan Howard Cottrell, FRS (17 July 1919 \u2013 15 February 2012) was an English metallurgist and physicist. He was also former Chief Scientific Advisor to the UK Government and vice-chancellor of Cambridge University 1977\u20131979.\n\n", "Q122473": "Charles George Patrick Shaughnessy, 5th Baron Shaughnessy (born 9 February 1955) is a British actor.\nShaughnessy is known for his roles on American television, as Shane Donovan on the soap opera Days of Our Lives, as Maxwell Sheffield on the sitcom The Nanny, and as the voice of Dennis the Goldfish on Stanley. Along with his brother, David Shaughnessy, and Ophelia Soumekh, he is a partner in 3S Media Solutions Inc.", "Q267829": "Lucile Watson (May 27, 1879 \u2013 June 24, 1962) was a Canadian actress, long based in the United States. She was \"famous for her roles of formidable dowagers.\"", "Q490744": "Alameda ( AL-\u0259-MEE-d\u0259; Spanish: [ala'me\u00f0a]) is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. It is located on Alameda Island and Bay Farm Island. It is adjacent to and south of Oakland and east of San Francisco across the San Francisco Bay. Bay Farm Island, a portion of which is also known as \"Harbor Bay Isle\", is part of the mainland adjacent to Oakland International Airport. The city's estimated 2018 population was 78,338. Alameda is a charter city, rather than a general law city, which allows it to provide for any form of government. Alameda became a charter city and adopted a council\u2013manager government in 1916.", "Q871133": "Janusz Stanis\u0142aw Reiter (born 1952) is a Polish diplomat.", "Q1385317": "Warren Kendall Lewis (21 August 1882 \u2013 9 March 1975) was an MIT professor who has been called the father of modern chemical engineering. He co-authored an early major textbook on the subject which essentially introduced the concept of unit operations. He also co-developed the Houdry process under contract to The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (now ExxonMobil) into modern fluid catalytic cracking with Edwin R. Gilliland, another MIT professor.", "Q134211": "Polo is a horseback mounted team sport. It is one of the world's oldest known team sports.The first official game of Polo was played in the state of Manipur, India. Yet the concept of the game and its variants date back from the 6th century BC to the 1st century AD. The sport originated from equestrian games played by nomadic Iranians. Polo was at first a training game for cavalry units, usually the king\u2019s guard or other elite troops. It is now popular around the world, with well over 100 member countries in the Federation of International Polo. It is played professionally in 16 countries. It was an Olympic sport from 1900 to 1936.\nPolo has been called \"the sport of kings\". It has become a spectator sport for equestrians and society, often supported by sponsorship.\nThe game is played by two opposing teams with the objective of scoring goals by using a long-handled wooden mallet to hit a small hard ball through the opposing team's goal. Each team has four mounted riders, and the game usually lasts one to two hours, divided into periods called chukkas (or \"chukkers\"). \nArena polo has similar rules, and is played with three players per team. The playing area is smaller, enclosed, and usually of compacted sand or fine aggregate, often indoors. Arena polo has more maneuvering due to space limitations, and uses an air inflated ball, slightly larger than the hard field polo ball. Standard mallets are used, though slightly larger head arena mallets are an option.", "Q353226": "Karsten Solheim (September 15, 1911 \u2013 February 16, 2000) was an American golf club designer and businessman. He founded Karsten Manufacturing, a golf club maker better known by the name of PING, and the Solheim Cup, the premier international team competition in women's golf.", "Q642876": "J. Carrol Naish (born Joseph Patrick Carrol Naish; January 21, 1896 \u2013 January 24, 1973) was an American actor. He appeared in over 200 credits during the Golden Age of Hollywood.\nNaish received two Oscar nominations for his supporting roles in the films Sahara (1943) and A Medal for Benny (1945), the latter of which also earned him a Golden Globe. He was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.", "Q142387": "Hasan Ali Mansur (13 April 1923 \u2013 27 January 1965) was an Iranian politician who was Prime Minister from 1964 to 1965. He served during the White Revolution of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and was assassinated by a member of the Fadayan-e Islam.", "Q5105": "C\u00e9line Marie Claudette Dion (, also UK: , French: [selin ma\u0281i klod\u025bt dj\u0254\u0303], Quebec French: [- d\u0361zj\u0254\u0303]; born 30 March 1968) is a Canadian singer. Born into a large family from Charlemagne, Quebec, she emerged as a teen star in her homeland with a series of French-language albums during the 1980s. She first gained international recognition by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest, where she represented Switzerland. After learning to speak English, she signed on to Epic Records in the United States. In 1990, Dion released her debut English-language album, Unison, establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world.\nDuring the 1990s, she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several best-selling English albums, such as Falling into You (1996) and Let's Talk About Love (1997), which were both certified diamond in the US. She also scored a series of international number-one hits, including \"The Power of Love\", \"Think Twice\", \"Because You Loved Me\", \"It's All Coming Back to Me Now\", \"My Heart Will Go On\", and \"I'm Your Angel\". Dion continued releasing French albums between each English record; D'eux (1995) became the best-selling French-language album of all time, while S'il suffisait d'aimer (1998), Sans attendre (2012), and Encore un soir (2016), were all certified diamond in France. During the 2000s, she built her reputation as a highly successful live performer with A New Day... on the Las Vegas Strip (2003\u201307), which remains the highest-grossing concert residency of all time, as well as the Taking Chances World Tour (2008\u201309), one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time.\nDion's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R&B to gospel and classical. Her recordings are mainly in French and English, although she also sings in Spanish, Italian, German, Latin, Japanese, and Mandarin Chinese. While her releases have often received mixed critical reception, she is regarded as one of pop music's most influential voices. She has won five Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year and Record of the Year. Billboard named her the \"Queen of Adult Contemporary\" for having the most number ones on the radio format for a female artist. She is the second best-selling female artist in the US during the Nielsen SoundScan era. In 2003, she was honoured by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) for selling over 50 million albums in Europe. She remains the best-selling Canadian artist and one of the best-selling artists of all time with record sales of 200 million copies worldwide.", "Q443508": "Nedra Volz (n\u00e9e Gordonier, June 18, 1908 \u2013 January 20, 2003) was an American actress. In television, she portrayed Aunt Iola on All in the Family, Adelaide Brubaker on Diff'rent Strokes, Emma Tisdale on The Dukes of Hazzard, and Winona Beck on Filthy Rich. Her roles in films include appearing as Big Ed in Lust in the Dust (1985), Loretta Houk in Moving Violations (1985), and Lana in Earth Girls Are Easy (1988).", "Q519606": "Franz Andr\u00e9 Heller (born 22 March 1947 as Francis Charles Georges Jean Andr\u00e9 Heller-Hueart) is an Austrian artist, author, poet, singer, songwriter and actor.", "Q218031": "Terry John Bozzio (born December 27, 1950) is an American drummer best known for his work with Missing Persons and Frank Zappa.He has been featured on nine solo or collaborative albums, 26 albums with Zappa and seven albums with Missing Persons. He has been a prolific sideman, playing on numerous releases by other artists since the mid-1970s. He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1997. His son and stepdaughter are also drummers with the latter, Marina, being a member of the band Aldious.", "Q85636": "Louise Hedwig Anna Wilhelmine Pi\u00ebch (n\u00e9e Porsche; 29 August 1904, in Wiener Neustadt \u2013 10 February 1999, in Zell am See) was the daughter of automotive pioneer Ferdinand Porsche. In 1928, she married Anton Pi\u00ebch, a lawyer from Vienna who from 1941 to 1945 led the KdF-Wagen (Volkswagen) factory in KdF-Stadt (present day Wolfsburg). \nThe couple had four children: Ernst, Louise, Ferdinand and Hans-Michel.\nWhen her husband died in 1952, the Austrian businesswoman imported Porsche and Volkswagen cars to Austria. \nWhen her son Ferdinand was in charge of Porsche's sports car racing program in the late 1960s, a second works team was set up, called Porsche Salzburg. One of their cars scored the marque's first overall win at Le Mans in 1970.", "Q37084": "John VI Kantakouzenos, Cantacuzenus, or Cantacuzene (Greek: \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03a4\u02b9 \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, I\u014dann\u0113s ST\u2032 Kantakouz\u0113nos; Latin: Johannes Cantacuzenus; c.\u20091292 \u2013 15 June 1383) was a Greek nobleman, statesman, and general. He served as Grand Domestic under Andronikos III Palaiologos and regent for John V Palaiologos before reigning as Byzantine emperor in his own right from 1347 to 1354. Deposed by his former ward, he was made to retire to a monastery under the name Joasaph Christodoulos and spent the remainder of his life as a monk and historian.", "Q389728": "Nick Dennis (April 26, 1904 \u2013 November 14, 1980) was a Greek American film actor born in Thessaly, Greece.", "Q4172847": "Filipinos (Filipino: Mga Pilipino) are the people who are native to or citizens of the country of the Philippines. Filipinos come from various Austronesian ethnolinguistic groups. Currently, there are more than 185 ethnolinguistic groups, each with its own language, identity, culture and history. The number of individual languages listed for Philippines is 185. Of these, 183 are living and 2 are extinct. Of the living languages, 175 are indigenous and 8 are non-indigenous. Furthermore, as of 2019, 39 are institutional, 67 are developing, 38 are vigorous, 28 are endangered, and 11 are dying.", "Q1970982": "Tigran Yeghiayi Mansurian (Armenian: \u054f\u056b\u0563\u0580\u0561\u0576 \u0535\u0572\u056b\u0561\u0575\u056b \u0544\u0561\u0576\u057d\u0578\u0582\u0580\u0575\u0561\u0576; born 27 January 1939) is a leading Armenian composer of classical music and film scores, a National Artist of the Armenian SSR (1990) and honored art worker of the Armenian SSR (1984). He is the author of orchestral, chamber, choir and vocal works, which have been played across the world.", "Q481885": "Amy Kuney, known professionally as AMES, is an American singer, songwriter, and musician.", "Q7750453": "The Martian Chronicles is a television miniseries based on Ray Bradbury's The Martian Chronicles and dealing with the exploration of Mars and the inhabitants there. The series starred Rock Hudson, Darren McGavin, Bernadette Peters, Roddy McDowall, Fritz Weaver, Barry Morse, and Maria Schell. It was aired on NBC in January 1980 in three episodes with a total running time of just over four hours (nearly five hours on the DVD version). The series depicts Mars as having a \"thin atmosphere\" which humans can breathe with water-filled canals and desert-like vegetation. The miniseries was directed by Michael Anderson and written by Richard Matheson.", "Q269810": "The Iron Lady is a 2011 biographical drama film based on the life and career of Margaret Thatcher (1925\u20132013), a British stateswoman and politician who was the first ever female and longest-serving Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of the 20th century. The film was directed by Phyllida Lloyd. Thatcher is portrayed primarily by Meryl Streep, and, in her formative and early political years, by Alexandra Roach. Thatcher's husband, Denis Thatcher (1915\u20132003), is portrayed by Jim Broadbent, and by Harry Lloyd as the younger Denis. Thatcher's longest-serving cabinet member and eventual deputy, Geoffrey Howe, is portrayed by Anthony Head.Despite the film's mixed reception, Streep's performance was widely acclaimed, and considered to be one of the greatest of her career. She received her 17th Oscar nomination for her portrayal and ultimately won the award for the third time, 29 years after her second Oscar win. She also earned her third Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Drama award (her eighth Golden Globe Award win overall), and her second BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. The film also won the Academy Award for Best Makeup and the BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair.\nThe film was loosely based on John Campbell's biography The Iron Lady: Margaret Thatcher, from Grocer's Daughter to Prime Minister.", "Q123779": "The brothers Giovanni \"Hans\" Schlumpf (February 1904, in Omegna, Italy \u2013 1989) and Federico \"Fritz\" Schlumpf (February 1906, in Omegna, Italy \u2013 April 18, 1992) were Swiss textile industrialists and collectors of automobiles. They are best known for the Schlumpf Collection housed at the Mus\u00e9e National de l'Automobile de Mulhouse.\nThey were sons of the textile industrialist Carl Schlumpf and his wife Jeanne Becker. The Schlumpf family moved to Mulhouse, France (then in Germany) in 1908. Hans and Fritz Schlumpf lived in Mulhouse at their country house, Malmerspach, until they escaped and became Swiss exiles in 1977.\nAfter World War II Fritz and Hans Schlumpf gathered an enormous collection of classic automobiles, including several hundred Bugattis (many of them in pieces or unrestored, but many were also completed cars). To fund this hobby they encumbered their enterprise to such an extent that by 1977 it became insolvent. Until this time the automobile collection was unknown to the public, but the excesses were revealed in 1977 during a strike by the former Schlumpf textile workers.", "Q93054": "Evgeny Morozov (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432; Belarusian: \u042f\u045e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430\u045e; born in 1984) is an American writer, researcher, and intellectual from Belarus who studies political and social implications of technology. He was named one of the 28 most influential Europeans by Politico in 2018.", "Q47563": "Matteo Renzi (Italian pronunciation: [mat\u02c8t\u025b\u02d0o \u02c8r\u025bntsi]; born 11 January 1975) is an Italian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Italy from February 2014 until December 2016. He has been an Italian Senator for Florence since 2018.After serving as the President of the Province of Florence from 2004 to 2009 and the Mayor of Florence from 2009 to 2014, Renzi was elected Secretary of the Democratic Party, holding this role from 2013 to 2018, with a brief interruption in 2017. He resigned as Party Secretary following defeat in the 2018 election. In September 2019, he left the PD, founding Italia Viva, his own liberal movement.At the age of 39 years and 42 days upon assuming office, Renzi is the youngest person to have served as Italian Prime Minister (52 days younger than Benito Mussolini, who took office in 1922) and was at the time the youngest leader in the G7. He was also the first serving Mayor to become Prime Minister. Renzi was sometimes described as the de facto leader of the Party of European Socialists, in opposition to the European People's Party associated with Angela Merkel; the two leaders were together often referred to as Merkenzi. In 2014, the American magazine Fortune ranked Renzi as the third most influential person under 40 in the world, and Foreign Policy listed him as one of the Top 100 Global Thinkers. Moreover, Renzi is nicknamed il Rottamatore (the Scrapper) due to his ambition of renovating the Italian political establishment. After the rejection of his constitutional reform in the December 2016 referendum, Renzi formally resigned as Prime Minister on 12 December; his Foreign Minister, Paolo Gentiloni, was appointed his replacement.\nRenzi has been described as a centrist and as a liberal by political observers. While in power, Renzi's government implemented numerous reforms, including changes to the electoral system, a relaxation of labour and employment laws with the intention of boosting economic growth, a thorough reformation of the public administration, the simplification of civil trials, the introduction of same-sex civil unions and the abolition of many small taxes.", "Q230965": "Heather Michele O'Rourke (December 27, 1975 \u2013 February 1, 1988) was an American child actress. She made her debut after being discovered by director Steven Spielberg while visiting MGM studios. Spielberg promptly cast her in the horror film Poltergeist (1982) as Carol Anne Freeling, and O'Rourke earned recognition for her performance. She then reprised the role in the second and third installments. O'Rourke was also recognized for her work in television, and appeared in recurring roles on Happy Days from 1982 to 1983, on Webster in 1983, as well as appearing in the television-film Surviving in 1985.\nThroughout her career, O'Rourke had been nominated for six Young Artist Awards, winning one for her role in Webster, and appeared in a total of three films (all of which are from the Poltergeist franchise) and twelve television series, before her death at the age of 12 from cardiac arrest and septic shock caused by an intestinal stenosis.", "Q11725": "Chongqing (Sichuanese pronunciation: [ts\u02b0o\u014b\u02e8\u02e9t\u0255\u02b0in\u02e8\u02e9\u02e6], Standard Mandarin pronunciation: [\u0288\u0282\u02b0\u028a\u030c\u014b.t\u0255\u02b0\u00ee\u014b] (listen), UK: , US: ,), alternatively romanised as Chungking, is a megacity in southwest China. Administratively, it is one of the four municipalities under the direct administration of central government of the People's Republic of China (the other three are Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin), and the only such municipality located far away from the coast. The municipality of Chongqing, which is around the size of Austria, includes the city of Chongqing and various non-connected cities. As the Chongqing municipality government directly administers the city of Chongqing, as well as rural counties, and other cities not connected to the city of Chongqing, Chongqing municipality can technically claim to be the largest city proper in the world, even though this is due to a classification technicality and not because it is actually the world's largest urban area.\nChongqing was a municipality during the Republic of China (ROC) administration, serving as its wartime capital during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937\u20131945). During this period, Chongqing was the world's anti-fascist command center just like Moscow, London and Washington DC. The current municipality was recreated on 14 March 1997 to help develop the central and western parts of China. The Chongqing administrative municipality has a population of over 30 million. The city of Chongqing, comprising 9 urban and suburban districts, has a population of 8,518,000 as of 2016. According to the 2010 census, Chongqing is the most populous Chinese municipality, and also the largest direct-controlled municipality in China, containing 26 districts, eight counties, and four autonomous counties.\nThe official abbreviation of the city, \"Y\u00fa\" (\u6e1d), was approved by the State Council on 18 April 1997. This abbreviation is derived from the old name of a part of the Jialing River that runs through Chongqing and feeds into the Yangtze River.\nChongqing has a significant history and culture. Being one of China's National Central Cities, it serves as the economic centre of the upstream Yangtze basin. It is a major manufacturing centre and transportation hub; a July 2012 report by the Economist Intelligence Unit described it as one of China's \"13 emerging megalopolises\".", "Q8421": "Aeronautics is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight\u2013capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere. The British Royal Aeronautical Society identifies the aspects of \"aeronautical Art, Science and Engineering\" and \"the profession of Aeronautics (which expression includes Astronautics).\"While the term originally referred solely to operating the aircraft, it has since been expanded to include technology, business, and other aspects related to aircraft. \nThe term \"aviation\" is sometimes used interchangeably with aeronautics, although \"aeronautics\" includes lighter-than-air craft such as airships, and includes ballistic vehicles while \"aviation\" technically does not.A significant part of aeronautical science is a branch of dynamics called aerodynamics, which deals with the motion of air and the way that it interacts with objects in motion, such as an aircraft.", "Q176036": "The Genitorturers are an industrial metal band from the United States, with influences extending into the 1990s hardcore punk and electronic music. They proclaim themselves to be \"The World's Sexiest Rock Band\".", "Q552377": "Diamond Head are an English heavy metal band formed in 1976 in Stourbridge, England. The band is recognised as one of the leading members of the new wave of British heavy metal movement and is acknowledged by thrash metal bands such as Metallica and Megadeth as an important early influence.", "Q855091": "A guitarist (or a guitar player) is a person who plays the guitar. Guitarists may play a variety of guitar family instruments such as classical guitars, acoustic guitars, electric guitars, and bass guitars. Some guitarists accompany themselves on the guitar by singing or playing the harmonica.", "Q725153": "Robert Solli Bur\u00e5s (12 August 1975 \u2013 12 July 2007) was guitarist and songwriter in the Norwegian rock band Madrugada. He was also a founding member of the band My Midnight Creeps, where he played guitar and was lead singer.\nOn 12 July 2007, Bur\u00e5s was found dead in his apartment by a friend, with his guitar in his hand. After a ceremony in Sofienberg Church in Oslo, he was cremated. His ashes lie at Bjerkvik Cemetery in Nordland, Norway.\n\n", "Q927413": "Warhorse was a British rock band formed by the bass guitar player Nick Simper.\n\n", "Q2143914": "Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishchev (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u044f\u0441\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0432) (September 28, 1902 in Yefremov \u2013 October 14, 1978 in Moscow) was a Soviet aircraft designer, Major General of Engineering (1944), Hero of Socialist Labor (1957), Doctor of Technical Sciences (1959), Honoured Scientist of the RSFSR (1972).After his graduation from Moscow State Technical University in 1926, Myasishchev worked at the Tupolev Design Bureau and took part in constructing airplanes, such as TB-1, TB-3, and Tupolev ANT-20 Maxim Gorky. As an assistant to Boris Pavlovich Lisunov, he traveled to the United States in 1937 to help translate the Douglas DC-3 drawings in preparation for the production of the Lisunov Li-2.In 1938, Myasishchev became a victim of a repression campaign. While in confinement, he worked at NKVD's Central Design Bureau No. 29 (\u0426\u041a\u0411-29 \u041d\u041a\u0412\u0414) in Moscow under the guidance of Vladimir Petlyakov, designing the Pe-2 bomber. In 1940, after his release, Myasishchev headed a design bureau (in the same building), working on the long-range high-altitude bomber DVB-102 (\u0414\u0412\u0411-102). In 1946\u20131951, Myasishchev was the head of the faculty and later dean of the Department of Aircraft Design at Moscow Aviation Institute. In 1956, he became chief aircraft designer. In 1960\u20131967, Myasishchev was appointed Head of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI). In 1967\u20131978, Myasishchev held a post of the chief aircraft designer of the Experimental Machine Building Factory, which would bear his name starting 1981.Myasishchev designed different kinds of military aircraft, including Pe-2B, Pe-2I, Pe-2M, DIS, DB-108, M-4, 3M, M-50. He also worked on a cargo aircraft VM-T Atlant and high-altitude airplane M-17 Stratosfera. Among Myasishchev's aeroplane designs, the 3M and M-4 set nineteen world records, and the M-17 \"Stratosfera\" twenty.Myasishchev was awarded Hero of Socialist Labor gold star (in 1957), three Orders of Lenin (in 1945, 1957, 1962), the Order of Suvorov II degree (in 1944), the Order of the October Revolution (in 1971), and medals.", "Q437289": "Dalmacio V\u00e9lez Sarsfield (February 18, 1800 \u2013 June 30, 1875) was an Argentine lawyer and politician who wrote the Argentine Civil Code of 1869, which remained in force until 2015, when it was replaced by the new C\u00f3digo Civil y Comercial de la Naci\u00f3n.", "Q88312": "Irene Eber (born 1929 in Halle- April 2019, n\u00e9e Geminder) was an Israeli Orientalist. She was the Louis Frieberg Professor of East Asian Studies (emeritus) at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem at Jerusalem (Sinologist), and Senior Fellow of the Harry S. Truman Research Institute. She lives in Jerusalem. She also specializes in translations from Chinese.", "Q62913": "Mark D. Weiser (July 23, 1952 \u2013 April 27, 1999) was a computer scientist and chief technology officer (CTO) at Xerox PARC. Weiser is widely considered to be the father of ubiquitous computing, a term he coined in 1988. Within Silicon Valley, Weiser was broadly viewed as a visionary and computer pioneer, and his ideas have influenced many of the world's leading computer scientists.", "Q449743": "Always is a 1989 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Holly Hunter, John Goodman, Brad Johnson and Audrey Hepburn in her final film role.\nAlways is a remake of the 1943 romantic drama A Guy Named Joe set during World War II. The main departure from the 1943 film is the altering of the setting from WWII to that of a modern aerial firefighting operation. The film, however, follows the same basic plot line: the spirit of a recently dead expert pilot mentors a newer pilot, while watching him fall in love with the girlfriend he left behind. The names of the four principal characters of the earlier film are all the same, with the exception of the Ted Randall character, who is called Ted Baker in the remake, and Pete's last name is Sandich instead of Sandidge.", "Q5611262": "The Group on Earth Observations (or GEO) coordinates international efforts to build a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). It links existing and planned Earth observation systems and supports the development of new ones in cases of perceived gaps in the supply of environment-related information. It aims to construct a global public infrastructure for Earth observations consisting in a flexible and distributed network of systems and content providers.", "Q45374": "Jo\u00e3o Barbosa Rodrigues (June 22, 1842 \u2013 March 6, 1909) was considered one of Brazil's greatest botanists, known especially for his work on orchids and palms. For nearly two decades he was director of the Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro. Something of a polymath, he was a prolific botanical artist who also made contributions to his country's ethnography, geography, linguistics, zoology, and literature. The standard author abbreviation Barb.Rodr. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.", "Q366289": "Sayat-Nova (Armenian: \u054d\u0561\u0575\u0561\u0569-\u0546\u0578\u057e\u0561; Azeri / Persian: \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u200c\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0627; Georgian: \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0; born Harutyun Sayatyan; 14 June 1712 \u2013 22 September 1795) was a Georgia-born Armenian poet, musician and ashik, who had compositions in a number of languages. His songs and poems are in the Armenian, Azerbaijani, Georgian, and Persian languages.", "Q177328": "Walter Brandon Thomas (24 December 1848 \u2013 19 June 1914) was an English actor, playwright and songwriter, best known as the author of the farce Charley's Aunt.\nBorn in Liverpool to a family with no theatrical connections, Thomas worked in commerce, and as an occasional journalist, before achieving his ambition of becoming an actor. After a succession of minor roles, he became increasingly sought after as a character actor. He also wrote more than a dozen plays, the most celebrated of which, Charley's Aunt (1892), broke all historic records for plays of any kind, with an original London run of 1,466 performances and numerous subsequent productions all around the world, film and musical theatre adaptations.\nAlthough Thomas never repeated the prodigious success of Charley's Aunt, he maintained a career as an actor and dramatist until his death, acting mostly in comedy, but with occasional serious roles in the plays of Shakespeare and others.\n\n", "Q140584": "Sad\u012bd ud-D\u012bn Muhammad Ibn Muhammad 'Auf\u012b Bukh\u0101r\u012b (1171-1242) (Persian: \u0633\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u200e), also known under the laqab Nour ud-D\u012bn, was a Persian historian, philologist, and author.", "Q328680": "Giuseppe Dezza (28 February 1830 \u2013 15 May 1898) was an Italian general and patriot.", "Q118937": "Gediminas Kirkilas (pronunciation , born 30 August 1951) is a Lithuanian politician who was Prime Minister of Lithuania from 2006 to 2008. He was confirmed by the Seimas on 4 July 2006 after Zigmantas Bal\u010dytis, the provisional Prime Minister, failed to gather the required support from the parliament. He stepped down on 27 November 2008 after the 2008 parliamentary elections, and gave way to Andrius Kubilius to start his term as the prime minister.", "Q1372953": "James Karen (born Jacob Karnofsky; November 28, 1923 \u2013 October 23, 2018) was an American character actor of Broadway, film and television. Karen was best known for his roles in Poltergeist, The Return of the Living Dead, Invaders from Mars, and in The Pursuit of Happyness.Karen was also known for his recurring television role as Tom Bradford's boss, Eliot Randolph, in Eight Is Enough. He appeared in commercials for Pathmark which earned his nickname \"Mr. Pathmark\". He was nominated for a Saturn Award for his 1985 role in The Return of the Living Dead. He also appeared in an episode of \u2018Cheers\u2019 as Frazier's mentor and the father of Carla's sixth child.\n\n", "Q959867": "David LaFlamme (born Gary Posie on 4 May 1941 in New Britain, Connecticut) is a US singer and violinist.\nLaFlamme's mother was from a Mormon family in Salt Lake City, and when he was eight years old, the family moved there to be near her family. LaFlamme had been studying violin since moving to Los Angeles at the age of five, and in Salt Lake City he won a competition to perform as soloist with the Utah Symphony Orchestra.\nAfter briefly serving in the U.S. Army, he returned to the music scene in San Francisco in 1962. During the 1960s he performed with a wide variety of notable San Francisco acts, such as Jerry Garcia and Janis Joplin. He first formed the band Electric Chamber Orkustra, and later, an early version of Dan Hicks and His Hot Licks. Then, in summer 1967 he joined It's A Beautiful Day. Their eponymous LP was released by Columbia Records in 1969, containing their biggest hit, \"White Bird\". Gary Posie changed his name to his stage name David LaFlamme so to protect his orchestral reputation.\nHe has appeared on the television shows Frasier, Ellen, and Wings, as a strolling violinist who stands right at the table in a restaurant, playing loudly or annoyingly.", "Q505549": "Redwood City is a city on the San Francisco Peninsula in Northern California's Bay Area, approximately 27 miles (43 km) south of San Francisco, and 24 miles (39 km) northwest of San Jose. Redwood City's history spans its earliest inhabitation by the Ohlone people to being a port for lumber and other goods. The county seat of San Mateo County in the heart of Silicon Valley, Redwood City is home to several global technology companies including Oracle, Electronic Arts, Evernote, Box, and Informatica. The city had an estimated population of 86,200 in 2018. The Port of Redwood City is the only deepwater port on San Francisco Bay south of San Francisco. Redwood City is the location of the San Mateo County Jail, for both women and men. The Hetch Hetchy water pipeline runs through Redwood City and supplies a vast majority of the surrounding area with low grain (+/\u2212 3 grains) rated water.\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 34.7 square miles (90 km2), of which 19.4 square miles (50 km2) is land and 15.2 square miles (39 km2) (43.91%) is water. A major watercourse draining much of Redwood City is Redwood Creek, to which several significant river deltas connect, the largest of which is Westpoint Slough.", "Q275587": "Patricia Molly Owens (January 17, 1925 \u2013 August 31, 2000) was a Canadian-born American actress, working in Hollywood. She appeared in about 40 films and 10 TV episodes in a career lasting from 1943 to 1968.", "Q1405": "Augustus (Latin: Imperator Caesar Divi filius Augustus; 23 September 63 BC \u2013 19 August AD 14) was a Roman statesman and military leader who became the first emperor of the Roman Empire, reigning from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. His status as the founder of the Roman Principate has consolidated an enduring legacy as one of the most effective and controversial leaders in human history. The reign of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known as the Pax Romana. The Roman world was largely free from large-scale conflict for more than two centuries, despite continuous wars of imperial expansion on the Empire's frontiers and the year-long civil war known as the \"Year of the Four Emperors\" over the imperial succession.\nAugustus was born Gaius Octavius into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian gens Octavia. His maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC, and Octavius was named in Caesar's will as his adopted son and heir. Along with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus, he formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. Following their victory at the Battle of Philippi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as de facto dictators. The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart by the competing ambitions of its members. Lepidus was driven into exile and stripped of his position, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Octavian in 31 BC.\nAfter the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward fa\u00e7ade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies. In reality, however, he retained his autocratic power over the Republic. By law, Augustus held a collection of powers granted to him for life by the Senate, including supreme military command, and those of tribune and censor. It took several years for Augustus to develop the framework within which a formally republican state could be led under his sole rule. He rejected monarchical titles, and instead called himself Princeps Civitatis (\"First Citizen\"). The resulting constitutional framework became known as the Principate, the first phase of the Roman Empire.\nAugustus dramatically enlarged the Empire, annexing Egypt, Dalmatia, Pannonia, Noricum, and Raetia, expanding possessions in Africa, and completing the conquest of Hispania, but suffered a major setback in Germania. Beyond the frontiers, he secured the Empire with a buffer region of client states and made peace with the Parthian Empire through diplomacy. He reformed the Roman system of taxation, developed networks of roads with an official courier system, established a standing army, established the Praetorian Guard, created official police and fire-fighting services for Rome, and rebuilt much of the city during his reign. Augustus died in AD 14 at the age of 75, probably from natural causes. However, there were unconfirmed rumors that his wife Livia poisoned him. He was succeeded as emperor by his adopted son Tiberius (also stepson and former son-in-law).", "Q45412": "Coimbra (, also US: , UK: , Portuguese: [ku\u02c8\u0129b\u027e\u0250] (listen) or [\u02c8kw\u0129b\u027e\u0250]) is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The population at the 2011 census was 143,397, in an area of 319.40 square kilometres (123.3 sq mi).\nThe fourth-largest urban centre in Portugal (after Lisbon, Porto and Braga), it is the largest city of the district of Coimbra and the Centro Region. About 460,000 people live in the Regi\u00e3o de Coimbra, comprising 19 municipalities and extending into an area of 4,336 square kilometres (1,674 sq mi).\nAmong the many archaeological structures dating back to the Roman era, when Coimbra was the settlement of Aeminium, are its well-preserved aqueduct and cryptoporticus. Similarly, buildings from the period when Coimbra was the capital of Portugal (from 1131 to 1255) still remain. During the late Middle Ages, with its decline as the political centre of the Kingdom of Portugal, Coimbra began to evolve into a major cultural centre. This was in large part helped by the establishment of the University of Coimbra in 1290, the oldest academic institution in the Portuguese-speaking world. Apart from attracting many European and international students, the university is visited by many tourists for its monuments and history. Its historical buildings were classified as a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 2013: \"Coimbra offers an outstanding example of an integrated university city with a specific urban typology as well as its own ceremonial and cultural traditions that have been kept alive through the ages.\"", "Q1277181": "Earl Turbinton, Jr., also Naim Akban Ben-Tur and The African Cowboy (September 23, 1941, New Orleans - August 3, 2007, Baton Rouge) was an American saxophonist associated for decades with the Music of New Orleans.\nTurbinton worked as a session musician for local R&B recordings from the late 1950s. He became involved with the New Orleans jazz scene early in his career, and became involved with a New Orleans project called Jazz Workshop, which gave music lessons to children and had its own club. Though it closed after a short time, Turbinton had intended for it to serve a place in the city's musical life analogous to that of Preservation Hall, but for newer jazz styles. Turbinton worked extensively in soul and R&B idioms in the 1960s, playing studio dates in New York, Detroit, and Los Angeles. He played alongside his brother, Willie Tee, in the funk group The Gaturs, and toured with Jerry Butler, The Four Tops, BB King, The Supremes, and The Temptations. In jazz, he worked with Joe Zawinul and Buster Williams in the 1970s. Turbinton took the name \"The African Cowboy\" in the 1980s as a protest against Reagan administration attempts to cut federal arts funding.", "Q32842": "Abul Qasim Hasan Unsuri Balkhi (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u062e\u06cc\u200e) (died 1039/1040) was a 10-11th century (4 -5th solar Hejri) Persian poet.\n\u2018Un\u1e63ur\u012b is said to have been born in Balkh, today located in Afghanistan, and he eventually became a poet of the royal court of Mahmud of Ghazni, and was given the title Malik-us Shu'ara (King of Poets) under Sultan Ma\u1e25m\u016bd of Ghazna.His Divan is said to have contained 30,000 distichs, of which only 2500 remain today. It includes the romance epic V\u0101miq u \u2018Adhr\u0101. The following dialog between an eagle and a crow, translated by Iraj Bashiri, is an example. In it the King of Poets, Unsuri, compares his own status vis-a-vis that of a young poet who has joined the court recently.\nThe Eagle and The Crow: A Dialogue\n\nTranslated by Iraj Bashiri\n\nA dialogue occurred, I happen to know,Betwixt the white eagle and the crow.Birds we are, said the crow, in the main,Friends we are, and thus we shall remain.Birds we are, agreed the eagle, only in name,Our temperaments, alas, are not the same.My leftovers are a king's feast,Carrion you devour, to say the least.My perch's the king's arm, his palace my bed,You haunt the ruins, mingle with the dead.My color is heavenly, as everyone can tell,Your color inflicts pain, like news from hell.Kings tend to choose me rather than you,Good attracts good, that goes for evil too.", "Q301574": "Roxane Bridget Kernohan (n\u00e9e Furman; March 20, 1960 \u2013 February 5, 1993) was a Canadian actress. She is best known for her role in the 1988 sequel Critters 2: The Main Course.", "Q15225": "The Vanil Noir is a mountain of the Fribourg Prealps, located on the border between the cantons of Fribourg and Vaud in western Switzerland. Reaching a height of 2,389 metres above sea level, the Vanil Noir is the highest summit of the canton of Fribourg and of the Alpine foothills lying north of the Saane and Simme (or northwest of the Saanenm\u00f6ser Pass). It is also the northernmost point in the canton of Vaud above 2,300 metres and the most prominent summit of both cantons.\n\nThe Vanil Noir is the culminating point of the range separating the regions of Gruy\u00e8re and Pays-d'Enhaut, although it is followed by the almost equally high Vanil de l'Ecri and Pointe de Paray. With these two mountains, it forms a large cirque on the south and east side, overlooking the alp of Paray Dor\u00e9na. On the west side, it consists of a smaller cirque, overlooking the alp of Bounavau. On the northeast side it overlooks the valley of Les Morteys. All three valleys descending from the Vanil Noir are part of the Saane drainage basin.\nThe closest localities are Grandvillard (Fribourg) and Ch\u00e2teau d'Oex (Vaud). Several vertiginous trails lead to the summit, and cross it from north to south. The Vanil Noir is part of a nature reserve since 1983.", "Q357732": "Kurt Lockwood (born June 4, 1970) is an American pornographic actor and director, model, and musician.", "Q456105": "Daisuke Nakajima (\u4e2d\u5cf6 \u5927\u7950, Nakajima Daisuke, born January 29, 1989) is a Japanese racing driver; the son of Satoru Nakajima and the younger brother of Kazuki Nakajima, both of whom have driven in Formula One.", "Q1381603": "Michael Howard Kay Ph.D FBCS (born 11 October 1951) is the editor of the W3C XSLT 2.0 and 3.0 language specifications for performing XML transformations, and the developer of the Saxon XSLT and XQuery processing software.\n\n", "Q8347": "Bagpipes are a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The Scottish Great Highland bagpipes are the best known examples in the Anglophone world; however, people have played bagpipes for millennia, and they occur throughout large parts of Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia, including Anatolia, the Caucasus, and around the Persian Gulf. The term bagpipe is equally correct in the singular or plural, though pipers usually refer to the bagpipes as \"the pipes\", \"a set of pipes\" or \"a stand of pipes\".", "Q179463": "Sion Sono (\u5712 \u5b50\u6e29, Sono Shion, born December 18, 1961) is a Japanese filmmaker, author, and poet. Best known on the festival circuit for the film Love Exposure (2008), he has been called \"the most subversive filmmaker working in Japanese cinema today\".", "Q7074": "Pinneberg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8p\u02b0\u026an\u0259b\u025b\u0250\u032fk]; Northern Low Saxon: Pinnbarg) is a town in the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany. It is the capital of the district of Pinneberg and has a population of 42,301 inhabitants. Pinneberg is located 18 km northwest of the city centre of Hamburg.\nNear Pinneberg is the transmission site for the maritime weather radioteletype and radiofax service DDH47, working on 147.3 kHz. A T-aerial is used, strung between two guyed masts.", "Q844822": "Shueisha Inc. (Japanese: \u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u96c6\u82f1\u793e, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Sh\u016beisha) is a Japanese company headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. The company was founded in 1925 as the entertainment-related publishing division of Japanese publisher Shogakukan. The following year, Shueisha became a separate, independent company. \nManga magazines published by Shueisha include the Jump magazine line, which includes shonen magazines Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump, Jump SQ, and V Jump, and seinen magazines Weekly Young Jump, Grand Jump and Ultra Jump. They also publish other magazines, including Non-no. Shueisha, along with Shogakukan, owns Viz Media, which publishes manga from all three companies in North America.", "Q43063": "Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria (18 December 1863 \u2013 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary. His assassination in Sarajevo is considered the most immediate cause of World War I.\nFranz Ferdinand was the eldest son of Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria, the younger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I. Following the suicide of Crown Prince Rudolf in 1889 and the death of Karl Ludwig in 1896, Franz Ferdinand became the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne. His courtship of Sophie Chotek, a lady-in-waiting, caused conflict within the imperial household, and their morganatic marriage in 1900 was only allowed after he renounced his descendants' rights to the throne. Franz Ferdinand held significant influence over the military, and in 1913 he was appointed inspector general of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces.\nOn 28 June 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo by the 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip, a member of Young Bosnia. Franz Ferdinand's assassination led to the July Crisis and precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia, which in turn triggered a series of events that eventually led to Austria-Hungary's allies and Serbia's allies declaring war on each other, starting World War I.", "Q58325": "Wilfred Peter \"Sedi\" Elrington (born 20 November 1948) is a Belizean politician who has been the Foreign Minister of Belize since 2008.\n\n", "Q7210294": "A political drama can describe a play, film or TV program that has a political component, whether reflecting the author's political opinion, or describing a politician or series of political events.\nDramatists who have written political dramas include Aaron Sorkin, Robert Penn Warren, Sergei Eisenstein, Bertolt Brecht, Jean-Paul Sartre, Caryl Churchill, and Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca.", "Q180978": "David Talbot (born September 22, 1951) is an American journalist, author and media executive. He is the founder, former CEO and editor-in-chief of an early web magazine, Salon. Talbot founded Salon in 1995. The magazine gained a large following and broke several major national stories. It was described by Entertainment Weekly as one of the Net's \"few genuine must-reads\".Since leaving Salon, Talbot has researched and written on the Kennedy assassination and other areas of what he calls \"hidden history.\" Talbot has worked as a senior editor for Mother Jones magazine and a features editor for The San Francisco Examiner, and has written for Time magazine, The New Yorker, Rolling Stone, and other publications.", "Q699900": "John Fife Symington III ( (listen); born August 12, 1945) is an American businessman and politician. In 1990, he was elected to serve the first of two consecutive terms as the 19th governor of Arizona. During his second term, Symington resigned from the office of governor, following a conviction on charges of extortion and bank fraud \u2013 a conviction which was later overturned. Prior to his entry into politics, Symington served in the United States Air Force and was stationed at Luke Air Force Base in Glendale, Arizona. He is a member of the Republican Party.\nA native of Maryland, Symington attended the Gilman School in Baltimore, and subsequently graduated from Harvard University with a degree in Dutch art history. Symington comes from a political family; his father, J. Fife Symington Jr. was U.S. Ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago, and his cousin Stuart Symington was a U.S. Senator from Missouri. After joining the Air Force in 1967 and achieving the rank of Captain, Symington was awarded the Bronze Star for meritorious service, and was honorably discharged in 1971. He remained in Arizona, and became a real estate developer, founding his own company, the Symington Company, in 1976.\nSymington was elected Governor in 1990 over Mayor of Phoenix Terry Goddard, following a close campaign that resulted in a runoff election. During his first term, Symington established charter schools in Arizona by signing sweeping education reform legislation, with the first charter schools opening in the state in 1995. The following year, during his second term, Symington signed legislation to establish the Arizona Water Bank Authority as a separate agency, allowing excess water to be acquired from the Central Arizona Project and banked in Arizona for future necessity. His term in office also oversaw the first temporary closure of Grand Canyon National Park during the federal government shutdown in November 1995. In 1997, Symington was convicted on seven counts of bank fraud, and resigned from office, but the convictions were later overturned. Before the government could retry him, Symington was pardoned in January 2001 by President Bill Clinton, whom he once saved from a rip tide off of Connecticut during his youth.\nAfter his term as governor, Symington left public service and pursued a career as a chef, later co-founding the Arizona Culinary Institute with his business partners Jerry Moyes, Darren Leite and chef Robert E. Wilson. He has been speculated as a possible candidate for another term as Governor of Arizona, as well as considered running for the United States Senate, but has only endorsed candidates since leaving the Governor's office. Symington is also known as a witness to the infamous Phoenix Lights, a mass UFO sighting which occurred in Phoenix, Arizona on March 13, 1997.", "Q115": "Ethiopia (; Amharic: \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb, \u02be\u012aty\u014d\u1e57\u1e57y\u0101, listen , Afar: Itiyoophiyaa, Ge'ez: \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb. Oromo: Itoophiyaa, Somali: Itoobiya, Tigrinya: \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Kenya to the south, South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest. With over 109 million inhabitants as of 2019, Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent. The country has a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres (420,000 sq mi). Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa, which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates.Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia. It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond. According to linguists, the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era. Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE, Ethiopia's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history. Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba, under its first king, Menelik I. In the first centuries, the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region, followed by the Ethiopian Empire c. 1137.\nDuring the late\u201319th-century Scramble for Africa, Ethiopia and Liberia were the only two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power, and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours. However, the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia (part of Italian East Africa), until it was liberated during World War II. During the Italian rule, the government abolished slavery, a practice that existed in the country for centuries, and urbanization steadily increased. Ethiopia was also the first independent African member of the 20th-century League of Nations and the United Nations. In 1974, the Ethiopian monarchy under Haile Selassie was overthrown by the Derg, a communist military government backed by the Soviet Union. In 1987, the Derg established the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, but it was overthrown in 1991 by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, which has been the ruling political coalition since.\nEthiopia and Eritrea use the ancient Ge'ez script, which is one of the oldest alphabets still in use in the world. They follow the Ethiopian calendar, which is approximately seven years and three months behind the Gregorian calendar. A majority of the population adheres to Christianity (mainly the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and P'ent'ay), and the historical Kingdom of Aksum was one of the first states to officially adopt the religion, whereas around a third follows Islam (primarily Sunni). The country is the site of the Islamic Migration to Abyssinia and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa, at Negash. A substantial population of Ethiopian Jews, known as Bete Israel, also resided in Ethiopia until the 1980s. Ethiopia is a multilingual nation, with around 80 ethnolinguistic groups, the four largest of which are the Oromo, Amhara, Somali and Tigrayans. Most people in the country speak Afroasiatic languages of the Cushitic or Semitic branches. Additionally, Omotic languages are spoken by ethnic minority groups inhabiting the southern regions. Nilo-Saharan languages are also spoken by the nation's Nilotic ethnic minorities. Oromo is the most populous language by native speakers, while Amharic is the most populous by number of total speakers and serves as the working language in the federal government. Ge'ez remains important as a liturgical language for both the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church and for the Beta Israel.\nThe nation is a land of natural contrasts, with its vast fertile west, its forests and its numerous rivers, and the world's hottest settlement of Dallol in its north. The Ethiopian Highlands are the largest continuous mountain ranges in Africa, and the Sof Omar Caves contains the largest cave on the continent. Ethiopia also has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa. Additionally, the sovereign state is a founding member of the UN, the Group of 24 (G-24), the Non-Aligned Movement, the G77 and the Organisation of African Unity. Its capital city, Addis Ababa, serves as the headquarters of the African Union, the Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, the African Standby Force and many of the global NGOs focused on Africa. In the 1970s and 1980s, Ethiopia experienced civil conflicts and communist purges, which hindered its economy. The country has since recovered and as of 2010 has the largest economy (by GDP) in East Africa, having the largest population in the region. Despite these improvements, it remains one of the world's poorest countries. In addition to poverty, Ethiopia faces hunger, corruption, weak infrastructure, and poor respect for human rights and access to health and education (with an illiteracy rate of 51%), ranking in the worst quartile on the Human Development Index.", "Q4952325": "Alfred Boyd Cypert (August 8, 1889 \u2013 January 9, 1973) was a professional baseball player, lawyer, Democratic Party politician and business manager. Cypert was born in Little Rock, Arkansas and attended the University of Arkansas where he played baseball and football for the Razorbacks. He enrolled in Harvard Law School in 1912 and graduated in 1913. In 1914, he played one game with the Major League Baseball (MLB) Cleveland Naps. After his baseball career was over, Cypert served as the district attorney in Little Rock and in 1931 ran an unsuccessful bid for Arkansas Attorney General against four-term incumbent Hal Norwood. Later in his life, Cypert served as the business manager of the University of Arkansas' athletic department.\n\n", "Q173628": "Gioachino Colombo (1903\u20131988) was an Italian automobile engine designer. Colombo was born in Legnano. He began work as an apprentice to Vittorio Jano at Alfa Romeo.\n\nIn 1937, Colombo designed the 158 engine for the Alfetta and caught the attention of Enzo Ferrari. Ferrari asked Colombo to design a small V12 for use in the new Ferrari marque's racing and road cars. The first Ferrari-Colombo engine appeared on 11 May 1947. Colombo's great work for Ferrari was a tiny 1.5 litre V12, first used in the Tipo 125, 159, and then 166 sports cars. This engine, known in Ferrari circles as the \"Colombo engine\", was produced for road cars and endurance racing cars for more than 40 years in displacements up to 4.8 L. These included the 3.0 litre Ferrari 250 racing, sports, and GT cars.\nColombo's engine was not as successful in Formula One racing. After stunning early success in the 166, the engine was supercharged for use in Formula One but failed to perform well. Ferrari hedged his bets, as he often did, by bringing on competing designer Aurelio Lampredi to create a large naturally aspirated V12, which replaced Colombo's. Later, Colombo's former mentor, Vittorio Jano, came to Ferrari and displaced the work of both men.\nColombo left Ferrari in 1950 and returned to Alfa Romeo. Where, he oversaw the company's racing efforts, including the success that year of Nino Farina and, in 1951, Juan-Manuel Fangio. In 1953, Colombo turned to Maserati and created the 250F Grand Prix car. Two years later, Colombo headed to newly restarted Bugatti to work on the 251. He then worked for MV Agusta in 1957-1970.Colombo died in Milan in 1988.", "Q24207129": "Washington: Behind Closed Doors is a 1977 American television miniseries produced by Paramount Television, that was broadcast in 6 parts, airing across six consecutive nights on ABC, between September 6 to September 11, 1977.The fictional story is loosely based on John Ehrlichman's book The Company, a novel inspired by the author's tenure as a top aide in the Nixon administration.", "Q345336": "Valentin Areh (born August 22, 1971) is a Slovenian journalist, war correspondent and writer. Currently he works for several international media organisations.\nBorn in the Slovenian capital Ljubljana, he participated in 1991 as a soldier in the brief Slovenian war of independence. He subsequently attended Ljubljana University, studying history and sociology. He concluded his studies at Ljubljana by obtaining a Master's degree covering certain sociological aspects of the US electoral system.\nAreh has fifteen years of experience as a war correspondent in places such as Croatia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Chechnya, Afghanistan and Iraq. He was one of the few journalists to remain in Kosovo during the Kosovo War of 1999 and he survived a tortuous escape out of the country during NATO\u2019s war to expel Serbian forces. He has worked with AP, Reuters, Italia Uno, Media set, 24ur and he is the author of several books.", "Q391601": "Kathryn Adams (born Ethalinda Colson; May 25, 1893 \u2013 February 17, 1959), sometimes credited as Catherine Adams or Katherine Adams, was an American silent film actress.\n\n", "Q355125": "Harry Morgan (born Harry Bratsberg; April 10, 1915 \u2013 December 7, 2011) was an American actor and director whose television and film career spanned six decades. Morgan's major roles included Pete Porter in both December Bride (1954\u20131959) and Pete and Gladys (1960\u20131962); Officer Bill Gannon on Dragnet (1967\u20131970); Amos Coogan on Hec Ramsey (1972\u20131974); and his starring role as Colonel Sherman T. Potter in M*A*S*H (1975\u20131983) and AfterMASH (1983\u20131985). Morgan appeared in more than 100 films.", "Q458100": "Ella Aleksandrovna Pamfilova (\u042d\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u043c\u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430; born 12 September 1953, Almalyk, Uzbek SSR, USSR) is a Russian politician, former deputy of the State Duma, candidate for president in 2000 and former chairman (2004 - 2010) of the Civil Society Institution and Human Rights Council of the Russian Federation. On 18 March 2014 she became Russia's Commissioner for Human Rights, succeeding Vladimir Lukin. On 28 March 2016 she became the chair of the Central Election Commission of Russia.", "Q131433": "Shania Twain, OC () (born Eileen Regina Edwards on August 28, 1965), is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She has sold over 100 million records, making her the best-selling female artist in country music history and among the best-selling music artists of all time. Her success garnered her several honorific titles including the \"Queen of Country Pop\".Raised in Timmins, Ontario, Twain pursued singing and songwriting from a young age before signing with Mercury Nashville Records in the early 1990s. Her self-titled debut studio album saw little commercial success upon release in 1993. After collaborating with producer and later husband Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange, Twain rose to fame with her second studio album, The Woman in Me (1995), which brought her widespread success. It sold 20 million copies worldwide, spawned widely successful singles such as \"Any Man of Mine\", and earned her a Grammy Award. Her third studio album, Come On Over (1997), became the best-selling studio album of all time by a female act in any genre and the best-selling country album, selling nearly 40 million copies worldwide. Come On Over produced twelve singles, including \"You're Still the One\", \"From This Moment On\" and \"Man! I Feel Like a Woman!\", and earned Twain four Grammy Awards. Her fourth studio album, Up! (2002), was also certified Diamond in the United States.\nIn 2004, Twain entered a hiatus, revealing years later that diagnoses with Lyme disease and dysphonia led to a severely weakened singing voice. In 2011, she chronicled her vocal rehabilitation on the OWN miniseries Why Not? with Shania Twain, released her first single in six years, \"Today Is Your Day\", and published an autobiography, From This Moment On. Twain returned to performing the following year with an exclusive concert residency at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace, Shania: Still the One, which ran until 2014. In 2015, she launched the North American Rock This Country Tour, which was billed as her farewell tour. Twain released her first studio album in 15 years in 2017, Now, and embarked on the Shania Now Tour in 2018.\nTwain has received five Grammy Awards, 27 BMI Songwriter Awards, stars on Canada's Walk of Fame and the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and an induction into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame. According to the RIAA she is the only female artist in history to have three (consecutive) albums certified Diamond by the RIAA. and is the sixth best-selling female artist in the United States. Altogether, Twain is ranked as the 10th best-selling artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era.", "Q158485": "Siemianowice \u015al\u0105skie also known as Siemianowice (Polish pronunciation: [\u0255\u025bmjan\u0254\u02c8vit\u0361s\u025b \u02c8\u0255l\u0254\u0303sk\u02b2\u025b]; German: Siemianowitz-Laurah\u00fctte; Silesian: \u015aymjanowicy) is a city in Upper Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice, in its central district in the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - a metropolis with a population of 2 million people and is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Brynica river (tributary of the Vistula).\nIt is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999, previously in Katowice Voivodeship, and before then in the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. Siemianowice is one of the cities of the 2.7 million conurbation, the Katowice urban area, at the heart of the greater Silesian metropolitan area populated by about 5,294,000 people. The population of the city is 66,963 (2019).\nSiemianowice's present form results from the merging of the communes Siemianowice and Huta Laury (German: Laurah\u00fctte) in 1924. The new city was named Siemianowice \u015al\u0105skie and gained town privileges in 1932.\n\n", "Q1226480": "Leon Payne (June 15, 1917 \u2013 September 11, 1969), \"the Blind Balladeer\", was a country music singer and songwriter.", "Q320592": "Krautrock (also called kosmische Musik, German: cosmic music) is a broad genre of experimental rock that developed in West Germany in the late 1960s and early 1970s among artists who blended elements of psychedelic rock, electronic music, and various avant-garde influences. These artists largely distanced themselves from the blues influences and song structure of traditional Anglo-American rock music, instead utilizing hypnotic rhythms, tape-music techniques, and early synthesizers. Prominent groups associated with krautrock music included Neu!, Can, Faust, Kraftwerk, Cluster, Ash Ra Tempel, Popol Vuh, Amon D\u00fc\u00fcl II, Tangerine Dream, and Harmonia.The British press originally adopted the term \"Krautrock\" as a humorous umbrella-label for the diverse German scene, though many so-labeled artists disliked the term. The movement was partly born out of the radical student movements of 1968, as German youth rebelled against their country's legacy in World War II and sought a popular music distinct from traditional German music and American pop. The period contributed to the development of ambient music and techno, and influenced subsequent genres such as post-punk, new-age music, and post-rock.", "Q1095180": "Dame Clara Hedwig Frances Furse DBE (born 16 September 1957) was the chief executive of the London Stock Exchange between January 2001 and May 2009, and was the first woman to occupy the position. In 2005, she was ranked 19th in Fortune magazine's most powerful women in business list. In 2007, Furse was listed among Time's 100 most influential people in the World.", "Q378921": "Raincoat is a 2004 Indian drama film directed by Rituparno Ghosh, and starring Ajay Devgn and Aishwarya Rai. It tells the story of two lovers, separated by destiny, who meet again one day. This encounter allows each to realize the truth about the lives they are living. It is an adaptation of the short story The Gift of the Magi (1906) by O. Henry.\nThe film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi and was nominated for the Crystal Globe for Best Feature Film at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. Rai also won the Zee Cine Award for Critics' Choice Best Actress and was nominated for the Filmfare Best Actress Award and Star Screen Award Best Actress.", "Q137042": "Nathaniel Adams Coles (March 17, 1919 \u2013 February 15, 1965), known professionally as Nat King Cole, was an American singer and jazz pianist. He recorded over one hundred songs that became hits on the pop charts. His trio was the model for small jazz ensembles that followed. Cole also acted in films and on television and performed on Broadway. He was the first African-American man to host an American television series. He is the father of the late singer/songwriter Natalie Cole.", "Q350075": "Jan Nowicki (born 5 November 1939) is a Polish actor. He has appeared in 90 films and television episodes since 1967.", "Q1115794": "The Punta Ramiere (in Italian) or Bric Froid (in French) is a mountain in the Cottian Alps belonging to the department of Hautes-Alpes (FR) and the province of Turin (IT). It's the highest peak of the long stretch of the Po/Rhone water divide starting from the Aiguille de Scolette (north) and ending with the Monviso group (south).", "Q1884181": "Sachiko Matsubara (Japanese: \u677e\u539f \u5e78\u5b50; born 1973), better known by her stage name Sachiko M, is a Japanese musician. Her first solo album, Sine Wave Solo, was released in 1999. Working in collaboration with Ami Yoshida under the name Cosmos in 2002, Sachiko released the two disc album Astro Twin/Cosmos (2) which was awarded the Golden Nica prize in Ars Electronica, 2003. She released Good Morning Good Night, a collaborative album with Otomo Yoshihide and Toshimaru Nakamura, in 2004.", "Q117392": "Malcolm McDowell (born Malcolm John Taylor; 13 June 1943) is an English actor, known for his boisterous and often villainous roles. He trained as an actor at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.\nIn a career spanning over 50 years, McDowell has played varied film roles across different genres as a character actor. He is perhaps best known for the controversial roles of Alex DeLarge in Stanley Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange (1971), the title character in Tinto Brass's Caligula (1979), and Mick Travis in Lindsay Anderson's trilogy of if.... (1968), O Lucky Man! (1973) and Britannia Hospital (1982). He has appeared in films such as Time After Time (1979), Cat People (1982), Star Trek Generations (1994), Tank Girl (1995), I Spy (2002), Easy A (2010) and The Artist (2011). He also appeared as Dr. Samuel Loomis in the 2007 remake Halloween and its 2009 sequel, Halloween II. He portrayed businessman Rupert Murdoch in the drama Bombshell (2019).\nMcDowell has had a string of roles on numerous television series such as Entourage (2006\u20132007; 2009\u20132011), Heroes (2006\u20132007), The Mentalist (2010\u20132013), Franklin & Bash (2011\u20132014), and Mozart in the Jungle (2014\u20132018). He narrated the documentary The Compleat Beatles (1982), and in recent years has become a prolific voice actor in films, television series and video games such as Metalocalypse (2007\u20132012), Bolt (2008), Fallout 3 (2008), God of War III (2010), Call of Duty: Black Ops III (2015) and The Elder Scrolls Online (2015). He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2012.", "Q441451": "Rachele Brooke Smith (born November 7, 1987) is an American actress and dancer. Her dance talent has been featured in films such as Center Stage: Turn It Up, Bring It On: Fight to the Finish, and Burlesque.", "Q65932": "Sir Philip Anthony Hopkins (born 31 December 1937) is a Welsh actor, director and film producer. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1992 and has also received three BAFTAs, two Emmys and the Cecil B. DeMille Award. In 1993, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for services to the arts. Hopkins received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2003, and in 2008 he received the BAFTA Fellowship for lifetime achievement from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.\nAfter graduating from the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama in 1957, he trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, and was then spotted by Laurence Olivier who invited him to join the Royal National Theatre in 1965. Productions at the National included King Lear, his favourite Shakespeare play. Despite his success in theatre, Hopkins yearned to be on screen. His last stage play was a West End production of M. Butterfly in 1989.\nIn 1968, Hopkins achieved renown in film, playing Richard the Lionheart in The Lion in Winter. In the mid-1970s, Richard Attenborough, who would direct five Hopkins films, called him \"the greatest actor of his generation.\" In 1991 he portrayed Hannibal Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. He reprised the role in its sequel Hannibal and the prequel Red Dragon. Hopkins was nominated for four other Academy Awards for the films, The Remains of the Day (1993), Nixon (1995), Amistad (1997) and The Two Popes (2019). Other notable films include: 84 Charing Cross Road (1987), The Elephant Man (1980), Howards End (1992), Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992), Legends of the Fall (1994), Meet Joe Black (1998), The Mask of Zorro (1998), as well as Thor (2011) and its 2013 and 2017 sequels. In 2015, he starred in the BBC television film The Dresser, a role he called \"the highlight of my life.\" In 2016 and 2018, he starred in the HBO television series Westworld.", "Q236482": "Adrienne Louise Clarkson FRSC(hon) FRAIC(hon) FRCPSC(hon) (Chinese: \u4f0d\u51b0\u679d; pinyin: W\u01d4 B\u012bngzh\u012b; n\u00e9e Poy; born February 10, 1939) is a Hong Kong-born Canadian journalist and stateswoman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 26th since Canadian Confederation.\nClarkson arrived in Canada with her family in 1941, as a refugee from Japanese-occupied Hong Kong, and was raised in Ottawa. After receiving a number of university degrees, Clarkson worked as a producer and broadcaster for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and a journalist for various magazines. Her first diplomatic posting came in the early 1980s, when she promoted Ontarian culture in France and other European countries. She was in 1999 appointed as governor general by Queen Elizabeth II, on the recommendation of Prime Minister of Canada Jean Chr\u00e9tien, to replace Rom\u00e9o LeBlanc as viceroy and she occupied the post until succeeded by Micha\u00eblle Jean in 2005. While Clarkson's appointment as the Canadian vicereine was generally welcomed at first, she caused some controversy during her time serving as the Queen's representative, mostly due to costs incurred in the operation of her office, as well as a somewhat anti-monarchist attitude toward the position.\nOn October 3, 2005, Clarkson was sworn into the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. She subsequently published her memoirs, founded the Institute for Canadian Citizenship, and became Colonel-in-Chief of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry.", "Q268298": "Katheryn Winnick (born December 17, 1977) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her roles in Amusement (2008), Bones (2010), A Glimpse Inside the Mind of Charles Swan III (2012), Vikings (2013\u20132020), The Art of the Steal (2013), Polar (2019) and Wu Assassins (2019).", "Q4709738": "Albert Bensimon (born 1948) is an Egyptian-Australian businessman from Adelaide, South Australia. He is most well known as the owner of Shiels Jewellers. He frequently appeared in television advertisements and became famous for his catchphrase \"No Hoo-Haa\".\nBensimon was born in Cairo, Egypt. His secondary education took place at the Christian Brothers College in Rose Bay, New South Wales followed by a stint at the London School of Economics. Bensimon is of Jewish descent.\nIn 1994, he helped to establish the Helpmann Academy, named in honour of famous South Australian Sir Robert Helpmann. The academy is designed to promote the arts in South Australia. He was the first chairman and is still a member of its board.\nAt the 2002 South Australian state election, Bensimon ran as a \"No Hoo-Haa Party\" candidate in the House of Assembly seat of Adelaide, receiving a primary vote of 2.4 percent (492 votes). His \"how-to-vote\" ticket indicated a first preference for the Liberal Party of Australia. Bensimon is also a donor to the Liberal Party.In 2006, Bensimon was rejected twice for membership of the gentlemen's club, The Adelaide Club, which he claimed was due to anti-Semitism. This was denied by the Club president, who stated that it was \"offensive\" to suggest the club was racist and that it has \"a diverse membership\". In 2008, when another Egyptian-born Jewish businessman was accepted for membership, Bensimon claimed some credit for the move, saying \"I broke the back of a small but influential element within the Adelaide Club.\"", "Q123037": "Mohammad Mosaddegh (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0642\u200e; IPA: [moh\u00e6m\u02c8m\u00e6d(-e) mos\u00e6d\u02c8de\u0262] (listen); 16 June 1882 \u2013 5 March 1967) was the 35th prime minister of Iran, holding office from 1951 until 1953, when his government was overthrown in the 1953 Iranian coup d'\u00e9tat orchestrated by the United States' Central Intelligence Agency and the United Kingdom's MI6.An author, administrator, lawyer and prominent parliamentarian, his administration introduced a range of social and political measures such as social security, land reforms and higher taxes including the introduction of taxation of the rent on land. His government's most significant policy, however, was the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, which had been built by the British on Persian lands since 1913 through the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC/AIOC), later known as British Petroleum (BP).Many Iranians regard Mosaddegh as the leading champion of secular democracy and resistance to foreign domination in Iran's modern history. Following an initial, failed coup attempt by the CIA/MI6-backed General Fazlollah Zahedi, Mosaddegh resigned four days later on 19 August 1953, with Zahedi succeeding him as prime minister.While the coup is at times referred to in the West as Operation Ajax after its CIA cryptonym, in Iran it is referred to as the 28 Mordad 1332 Coup d'\u00e9tat, after its date on the Iranian calendar. Mosaddegh was imprisoned for three years, then put under house arrest until his death and was buried in his own home so as to prevent a political furor. In 2013, the U.S. government formally acknowledged the U.S. role in the coup, as a part of its foreign policy initiatives.", "Q237944": "Sonia Rykiel (n\u00e9e Flis; French pronunciation: \u200b[s\u0254n.ja \u0281i.kj\u025bl]; 25 May 1930 \u2013 25 August 2016) was a French fashion designer and writer. She created the Poor Boy Sweater, which was featured on the cover of French Elle magazine. Her knitwear designs and new fashion techniques led her to be dubbed the \"Queen of Knits\". The Sonia Rykiel label was founded in 1968 upon the opening of her first store, making clothing, accessories and fragrances. Rykiel was also a writer and her first book was published in 1979. In 2012, Rykiel revealed that she was suffering from Parkinson's. She died from complications of the disease on 25 August 2016.", "Q84266": "Karl Berngardovich Radek (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043a; 31 October 1885 \u2013 19 May 1939) was a Marxist active in the Polish and German social democratic movements before World War I and an international Communist leader in the Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution.", "Q92404": "Alexandra Kluge (2 April 1937 \u2013 11 June 2017) was a German actress and medical doctor.Alexandra Kluge was born in Halberstadt, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Her brother is film director Alexander Kluge.\n\n", "Q433979": "Philippe Garrel (French: [ga\u0281\u025bl]; born 6 April 1948) is a French director, cinematographer, screenwriter, film editor, and producer, associated with the French New Wave movement. His films have won him awards at the prestigious Cannes Film Festival and Venice Film Festival.", "Q2281409": "Dance-rock is a post-disco genre connected with pop rock and post-punk with fewer rhythm and blues influences, originated in the early 1980s, following the decline in popularity of punk and disco.Examples of early dance-rock include Gina X's \"No G.D.M.\", Russ Ballard's \"On The Rebound\", artists such as Dinosaur L, Liquid Liquid and Polyrock, and the compilation album Disco Not Disco.", "Q105796": "Heinrich Greif (11 March 1907 \u2013 16 July 1946) was a German actor and social activist.\n\n", "Q50989": "Edward Akufo-Addo (26 June 1906 \u2013 17 July 1979) was a Ghanaian politician and lawyer. He was a member of the \"Big Six\" leaders of the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC), and one of the founding fathers of Ghana who engaged in the fight for Ghana's independence. He became the Chief Justice (1966\u201370) and later President (1970\u201372) of the Republic of Ghana. He was the father of the current Ghanaian head of state, Nana Addo Akufo-Addo.", "Q826731": "Heinrich Braun (23 November 1854 Budapest \u2013 9 February 1927 Berlin) was a German Social Democrat and writer on social questions.", "Q472925": "Urgench (Uzbek: Urganch, \u0423\u0440\u0433e\u043d\u0447, \u0626\u06c7\u0631\u06af\u06d5\u0646\u062c\u200e; Persian: \u06af\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u062c\u200e, Gorg\u00e5nch/Gorg\u0101n\u010d/Gorg\u00e2nc) is a city in western Uzbekistan. The population of Urgench on April 24, 2014 was approximately 150,110, an increase from 139,100 in 1999. It is the capital of the Khorezm Region, on the Amu Darya River and the Shavat canal. The city is situated 450 km (280 mi) west of Bukhara across the Kyzylkum Desert.\nThe history of the city goes back to the second half of the 19th century. The city should not be confused with the similarly-named city of Konye-Urgench (also known as \"Old Urgench\" or \"Gurgench\") in Turkmenistan. The city of Old Urgench was left after the Amu Darya river changed its course in the 16th century, leaving the old town high and dry and without water. New Urgench was founded by Russians in the second half of the 19th century at the site of a little trade station of the Khanate of Khiva.\nModern Urgench is a Soviet-style city with cotton motifs adorning many objects, from street lights to apartment houses. Of note is a monument to the twenty Komsomol members killed by Tekke basmachi on the banks of the Syr Darya in 1922, and a large statue to Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, the 9th century local mathematician who revolutionised algebra, outside the Hotel Urgench. A flat, drab place, Urgench is the main gateway for tourists to Khiva 35 kilometres (22 mi) to the southeast, whose old city, known as Itchan Kala, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\nThe singer Anna German was born in Urgench in 1936.\n\n", "Q1900295": "Mark Anthony Morales (born February 19, 1968), better known by the stage name Prince Markie Dee, is an American \nrapper, songwriter, producer, and radio personality of Puerto Rican descent. Morales is a member of the Fat Boys, a pioneering rap group that gained fame during the 1980s, and has recently reformed. Morales is currently the vice-president of Uncle Louie Music Group.", "Q883": "Novosibirsk (, also UK: ; Russian: \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a, IPA: [n\u0259v\u0259s\u02b2\u026a\u02c8b\u02b2irsk] (listen), li.: \"New Siberia\") is the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast in Russia. Located in the southwestern part of Siberia on the banks of the Ob River, it is the third-most populous city in Russia (after Moscow and St. Petersburg) as well as the most populous city in Asian Russia, with a population of 1,612,833 as of the 2018 census.Novosibirsk was founded in 1893 on the Ob River crossing point of the future Trans-Siberian Railway. Originally named Novonikolayevsk, it grew rapidly into a major transport, commercial and industrial hub. The city was ravaged by the Russian Civil War but recovered during the early Soviet period, and gained its present name in 1926. Under Stalin, Novosibirsk became one of the largest industrial centers of Siberia. Following the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War the city hosted many factories relocated from European Russia.\nNovosibirsk is home to the headquarters of numerous Russian corporations, as well as the world-renowned Novosibirsk Zoo. It is served by Tolmachevo Airport, the busiest airport in Siberia.", "Q78963": "Julius Deutsch (February 2, 1884, Lackenbach, Austria-Hungary \u2013 January 17, 1968, Vienna, Austria) was a politician in the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria, member of Parliament between 1920-1933 and co-founder and leader of the Social Democrat militia \"Republikanischer Schutzbund\" (Republican Defense Association).", "Q230795": "Brook Maurio (born June 14, 1978), pen name Diablo Cody, is an American writer and producer. She became known for her candid blog and subsequent memoir, Candy Girl: A Year in the Life of an Unlikely Stripper (2005), Cody achieved critical acclaim for her debut feature film script, Juno (2007), winning the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay, the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay, and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay.\nCody created, wrote, and produced Showtime's television series United States of Tara (2009\u20132011) and wrote and produced the films Jennifer's Body (2009) and Young Adult (2011). For Young Adult, she received a second nomination for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay. Her directorial debut, Paradise, was released on October 18, 2013.", "Q3264974": "Luca de Meo (Milan, June 13, 1967) was the President of SEAT from November 2015 to January 2020. Born in Milan (Italy) in 1967, Luca de Meo received a degree in Business Administration from the Universit\u00e0 Commerciale Luigi Bocconi in Milan.\nIn his thesis, he examined business ethics and it was the first dissertation on this subject in Italy. In 2017, he was named Bocconi Alumnus of the Year, for representing the University values of professionalism, initiative, integrity, responsibility and opennes to pluralism.De Meo has more than twenty-five years of experience in the automotive sector. He began his career at Renault, prior to joining Toyota Europe, followed by the Fiat Group, where he was Head of Business Units Lancia, Fiat and Alfa Romeo; CEO of Abarth, and Chief Marketing Officer of the Fiat Group. During his time as Fiat, he was considered a protege of Sergio Marchionne, carrying a significant responsibility over the launch of the new Fiat 500, however, Marchionne was disappointed at his results while he was leading Alfa Romeo.De Meo joined the Volkswagen Group in 2009, as marketing director of the brand of Volkswagen and of the Volkswagen Group, prior to taking up the position of Board of Management member for sales and marketing at Audi AG. Luca de Meo was named \u201ccommendatore\u201d by the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, and Harvard University dedicated a case study to him in 2013, for his work in the Volkswagen Group as marketing director. From July 2020, he will be the CEO of Renault, leaving Renault without a CEO for another five months due to a non-compete clause with Volkswagen Group.He speaks five languages (Italian, English, French, German and Spanish), was a teaching fellow at SDA Bocconi School of Management, and is the author of the book Da 0 a 500, Storie vissute, idee e consigli da uno dei manager pi\u00f9 dinamici della nuova generazione.His personality has been described as collegial, humorous and culturally adaptive. His competences in leadership are said to be in marketing, product planning, having attention to detail and avoiding conflict, while he lacks an engineering background.", "Q314151": "Petr Illarionovich Shelokhonov, (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0418\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432, Belarusian: \u041f\u044f\u0442\u0440\u043e \u041b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u0428\u044d\u043b\u0430\u0445\u043e\u043d\u0430\u045e, Ukrainian: \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0406\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432; in English also spelled Pyotr or Peter; 15 August 1929 \u2013 15 September 1999) was a Russian actor, director, filmmaker and socialite, designated Honorable Actor of Russia (1979).", "Q50037": "Culture Club are an English pop group that formed in London in 1981. The band comprises Boy George (lead vocals), Roy Hay (guitar and keyboards), Mikey Craig (bass guitar) and Jon Moss (drums and percussion). They are considered one of the most representative and influential groups of the 1980s.Led by singer and frontman Boy George, whose androgynous style of dressing caught the attention of the public and the media in the early 1980s, the band have sold more than 50 million records worldwide, including over 6 million BPI certified records sold in the UK and over 7 million RIAA certified records sold in the US. Their hits include \"Do You Really Want to Hurt Me\", \"Time (Clock of the Heart)\", \"I'll Tumble 4 Ya\", \"Church of the Poison Mind\", \"Karma Chameleon\", \"Victims\", \"Miss Me Blind\", \"It's a Miracle\", \"The War Song\", \"Move Away\", and \"I Just Wanna Be Loved\". In the UK they amassed twelve Top 40 hit singles between 1982 and 1999, including the number ones \"Do You Really Want To Hurt Me\" and \"Karma Chameleon\", the latter being the biggest selling single of 1983 in the UK, and hit number one on the US Hot 100 in 1984. The song \"Time (Clock of the Heart)\" is included on the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of 500 songs that shaped rock and roll.\nTheir second album, Colour by Numbers, sold more than 10 million copies worldwide. It appeared on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Best Albums of the 1980s and is also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Ten of their singles reached the US Top 40, where they are associated with the Second British Invasion of British new wave groups that became popular in the US due to the cable music channel MTV. Culture Club's music combines British new wave and American soul and pop. It also includes some elements of Jamaican reggae and also other styles such as calypso, salsa, and with \"Karma Chameleon\", elements of country music.In 1984, Culture Club won Brit Awards for Best British Group, Best British Single (\"Karma Chameleon\"), and the Grammy Award for Best New Artist. They were nominated the same year for the Grammy Award for Pop Vocal by Group or Duo. The band were also nominated for a Canadian Juno Award for International Album of the Year. In January 1985, Culture Club were nominated for an American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group Video Artist, and in September 1985, they were nominated for two MTV Video Music Awards for Best Special Effects and Best Art Direction for their video \"It's a Miracle\". In 1987, they received another nomination for an American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group Video Artist.", "Q84500": "Anne Weber (born 13 November 1964) is a German-French author, translator and self-translator. Since 1983 Anne Weber has lived in Paris. She studied in Paris and worked for several editors.\nAnne Weber started writing and publishing in French, but immediately translated her first book Ida invente la poudre into German Ida erfindet das Schie\u00dfpulver. Since then she writes each of her books in French and German. Her self-translations are often published at the same time in France and Germany. In 2005 she received the 3Sat award at the Festival of German-Language Literature. For her translation of Pierre Michon she received a European translation award, the Europ\u00e4ischer \u00dcbersetzerpreis Offenburg.\n\n", "Q892294": "Wayne Hardnett Jr. (born August 23, 1971), professionally known as Bonecrusher, is an American rapper, producer, actor, and activist. In 2003, at the height of his career, his debut album AttenCHUN! reached No. 1 on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, and his debut single \"Never Scared\" reached the top 10 on the R&B and Rap charts. The success of the single led him to win a Source Award along with a Grammy Award nomination and an American Music Awards nomination. \"Never Scared\" was the theme song for the 2003 Atlanta Braves MLB, and was featured in the Madden NFL 2004 video game.Bonecrusher was featured on the cover of PlayStation Magazine in 2004, and was also a featured character on Def Jam: Fight for NY, by EA Games. He is credited as being one of the inventors of the crunk sound.Bonecrusher was featured on the third episode of the Sacha Baron Cohen satirical program Who Is America?.", "Q77488": "Heinrich Wilhelm von Gerstenberg (3 January 1737 \u2013 1 November 1823) was a German poet and critic.\nGerstenberg was born in T\u00f8nder, Denmark. After attending school in Husum and at the Christianeum Hamburg, and studying law at the University of Jena (1757-1759), he entered 1760 the Danish military service and took later part in the Russian campaign of 1762. He spent the next twelve years in Copenhagen, where he was intimate with Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock. His military period ends in the year 1771. Von Gerstenberg was a Danish deputy in a German Chamber and was an assessor in the Commercial Deputation up to 1775.\nFrom 1775 to 1783 he represented Denmark's interests as Danish Resident at L\u00fcbeck, and in 1786 received a judicial appointment at Altona, where he died in November 1823.\nIn the course of his long life, Gerstenberg passed through many phases of his nation's literature. He began as an imitator of the Anacreontic school (T\u00e4ndeleyen, 1759); then wrote, in imitation of Gleim, Kriegslieder eines d\u00e4nischen Grenadiers (1762); with his Gedicht eines Skalden (1766) he joined the group of bards led by Klopstock. He translated Beaumont and Fletcher's Maid's Tragedy (1767), and helped to usher in the Sturm und Drang period with a gruesome but powerful tragedy, Ugolino (1768). But he did perhaps even better service to the new literary movement with his Briefe \u00fcber Merkw\u00fcrdigkeiten der Litteratur (1766-1770), in which the critical principles of the Sturm und Drang, and especially its enthusiasm for Shakespeare, were first definitely formulated. In later life Gerstenberg lost touch with literature, and occupied himself mainly with Kant's philosophy.\nHis Vermischte Schriften appeared in 3 vols. (1815). The Briefe \u00fcber Merkw\u00fcrdigkeiten der Litteratur were republished with an introduction by Alexander von Weilen (1888).", "Q40224": "Karl Friedrich Benz or Carl Friedrich Benz (German: [b\u025bnts] (listen); 25 November 1844 \u2013 4 April 1929) was a German engine designer, automobile engineer. His Benz Patent Motorcar from 1885 is considered the first practical automobile. He received a patent for the motorcar in 1886.", "Q1570489": "The National University of C\u00f3rdoba (Spanish: Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, UNC), founded in 1613, is the oldest university in Argentina, the fourth oldest in South America and the sixth oldest in Latin America. It is located in C\u00f3rdoba, the capital of C\u00f3rdoba Province. Since the early 20th century it has been the second largest university in the country (after the University of Buenos Aires) in terms of the number of students, faculty, and academic programs. As the location of the first university founded in the land that is now Argentina, C\u00f3rdoba has earned the nickname La Docta (roughly translated, \"The Wise\").", "Q161562": "The California Institute of Technology (Caltech) is a private research university in Pasadena, California. It was founded as a preparatory and vocational school by Amos G. Throop in 1891 and began attracting influential scientists such as George Ellery Hale, Arthur Amos Noyes and Robert Andrews Millikan in the early 20th century. The vocational and preparatory schools were disbanded and spun off in 1910 and the college assumed its present name in 1920. In 1934, Caltech was elected to the Association of American Universities, and the antecedents of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which Caltech continues to manage and operate, were established between 1936 and 1943 under Theodore von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n. The university is one among a small group of institutes of technology in the United States which is primarily devoted to the instruction of pure and applied sciences.\nCaltech has six academic divisions with strong emphasis on science and engineering, managing $332 million in 2011 in sponsored research. Its 124-acre (50 ha) primary campus is located approximately 11 mi (18 km) northeast of downtown Los Angeles. First-year students are required to live on campus and 95% of undergraduates remain in the on-campus House System at Caltech. Although Caltech has a strong tradition of practical jokes and pranks, student life is governed by an honor code which allows faculty to assign take-home examinations. The Caltech Beavers compete in 13 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division III's Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference.\nAs of November 2019, Caltech alumni, faculty and researchers include 74 Nobel Laureates (chemist Linus Pauling being the only individual in history to win two unshared prizes), 4 Fields Medalists, and 6 Turing Award winners. In addition, there are 56 non-emeritus faculty members (as well as many emeritus faculty members) who have been elected to one of the United States National Academies, 4 Chief Scientists of the U.S. Air Force and 71 have won the United States National Medal of Science or Technology. Numerous faculty members are associated with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute as well as NASA. According to a 2015 Pomona College study, Caltech ranked number one in the U.S. for the percentage of its graduates who go on to earn a PhD.", "Q202041": "Jamiroquai ( (listen)) are an English funk and acid jazz band from London, formed in 1992. Fronted by singer-songwriter Jay Kay, the band were a prominent component of the London-based funk/jazz movement of the 1990s. Their sound draws from black music of the 1970s, and their lyrics and visual concepts occasionally deal with social and environmental idealism. They also drew from rock, electronica and Latin music, and on stage perform with several musicians in the band playing live. Over the years, Kay has consistently remained as the leader through several line-up changes.\nThe band d\u00e9buted with \"When You Gonna Learn\" under Acid Jazz records, which led to Kay signing a record deal with Sony Soho2. While under this label, the group released a string of million-selling albums containing singles that have reached various charts worldwide, including the 1998 single \"Deeper Underground\", which topped in the UK, while having moderate success in the US within the Dance charts. All eight of the band's albums have entered the UK top 10. Three of them, Emergency on Planet Earth (1993), Synkronized (1999), A Funk Odyssey (2001), along with their greatest hits compilation, charted at number 1.\nJamiroquai have sold more than 26 million albums worldwide as of 2017. Their third album Travelling Without Moving (1996), received a Guinness World Record for the best-selling funk album in history. The music video for the album's lead single, \"Virtual Insanity\", was named Video of the Year at the 1997 MTV Video Music Awards. The group has won an Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Song Collection from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors, as well as one Grammy Award, two MTV Video Music Awards, and two Billboard Music Awards. They have also received fifteen Brit Award nominations.", "Q371905": "Alphonse Allais (20 October 1854 \u2013 28 October 1905) was a French writer and humorist, who was born in Honfleur, Calvados, and who died in Paris.", "Q677629": "Bernhard Lang (born 24 February 1957 Linz, Austria) is an Austrian composer, improvisationalist and programmer of musical patches and applications. His work can be described as modern contemporary music, with roots, however, in various genres such as 20th-century avant-garde, European classical music, jazz, free jazz, rock, punk, techno, EDM, electronica, electronic music and computer-generated music. His works are performed on all relevant festivals of modern music and range from solo pieces and chamber music to large ensemble pieces and works for orchestra and musical theatre. Besides music for concert halls, Lang designs sound and music for theatre, dance, film and sound installations.\nBernhard Lang came to prominence with his work cycle Differenz/Wiederholung (Difference/Repetition), composed between 1998 and 2013, in which he illuminated and examined the themes of reproductive and DJ cultures based on the philosophic work of Gilles Deleuze. Sociocultural and societally critical questions, as in Das Theater der Wiederholungen/The Theatre of Repetitions (2003) are as closely examined as intrinsic musical and music-cultural problems (\"I hate Mozart\", 2006). Another focus is the \"recycling\" of historic music, which Lang performs using self-programmed patches, applying filter and mutation processes (as in the \"Monadologie\" cycle).\nAlongside classical European instruments, Lang also makes use of their amplified electrical counterparts (e.g. electric viola) as well as mutually microtonally de-tuned ensemble groups. Analogue and digital synthesizers, keyboards, rock music instruments (electric guitar and bass, drumset), turntables (the trailblazing instrument of the reproductive culture), rappers, Arabian singers, speech and live-electronics (mainly the self-programmed \"Loop Generator\") are similarly used.", "Q8409": "Alexander III of Macedon (Greek: \u0391\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u02b9 \u1f41 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd, Al\u00e9xandros III ho Maked\u020fn; 20/21 July 356 BC \u2013 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Greek: \u1f08\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2, Al\u00e9xandros ho M\u00e9gas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through western Asia and northeast Africa, and by the age of thirty, he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders.During his youth, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle until age 16. After Philip's assassination in 336 BC, he succeeded his father to the throne and inherited a strong kingdom and an experienced army. Alexander was awarded the generalship of Greece and used this authority to launch his father's pan-Hellenic project to lead the Greeks in the conquest of Persia. In 334 BC, he invaded the Achaemenid Empire (Persian Empire) and began a series of campaigns that lasted 10 years. Following the conquest of Anatolia, Alexander broke the power of Persia in a series of decisive battles, most notably the battles of Issus and Gaugamela. He subsequently overthrew Persian King Darius III and conquered the Achaemenid Empire in its entirety. At that point, his empire stretched from the Adriatic Sea to the Beas River.\nAlexander endeavoured to reach the \"ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea\" and invaded India in 326 BC, winning an important victory over the Pauravas at the Battle of the Hydaspes. He eventually turned back at the demand of his homesick troops, dying in Babylon in 323 BC, the city that he planned to establish as his capital, without executing a series of planned campaigns that would have begun with an invasion of Arabia. In the years following his death, a series of civil wars tore his empire apart, resulting in the establishment of several states ruled by the Diadochi, Alexander's surviving generals and heirs.\nAlexander's legacy includes the cultural diffusion and syncretism which his conquests engendered, such as Greco-Buddhism. He founded some twenty cities that bore his name, most notably Alexandria in Egypt. Alexander's settlement of Greek colonists and the resulting spread of Greek culture in the east resulted in a new Hellenistic civilization, aspects of which were still evident in the traditions of the Byzantine Empire in the mid-15th century AD and the presence of Greek speakers in central and far eastern Anatolia until the Greek genocide of the 1920s. Alexander became legendary as a classical hero in the mould of Achilles, and he features prominently in the history and mythic traditions of both Greek and non-Greek cultures. He was undefeated in battle and became the measure against which military leaders compared themselves. Military academies throughout the world still teach his tactics. He is often ranked among the most influential people in history.", "Q80766": "Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain (born Lawrence Joshua Chamberlain, September 8, 1828 \u2013 February 24, 1914) was an American college professor from the State of Maine who volunteered during the American Civil War to join the Union Army. He became a highly respected and decorated Union officer, reaching the rank of brigadier general (and brevet major general). He is best known for his gallantry at the Battle of Gettysburg, for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor. Following the war, he served as Governor of Maine, and the President of Bowdoin College.\nChamberlain was commissioned a lieutenant colonel in the 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment in 1862 and fought at the Battle of Fredericksburg. He became commander of the regiment in June 1863. On July 2, during the Battle of Gettysburg, Chamberlain's regiment occupied the extreme left of the Union lines at Little Round Top. Chamberlain's men withstood repeated assaults from the 15th Regiment Alabama Infantry and finally drove the Confederates away with a downhill bayonet charge. Chamberlain was severely wounded while commanding a brigade during the Second Battle of Petersburg in June 1864, and was given what was intended to be a deathbed promotion to brigadier general. In April 1865, he fought at the Battle of Five Forks and was given the honor of commanding the Union troops at the surrender ceremony for the infantry of Robert E. Lee's Army at Appomattox Court House, Virginia.\nAfter the war, he entered politics as a Republican and served four one-year terms of office as the 32nd Governor of Maine. He served on the faculty, and as president, of his alma mater, Bowdoin College. He died in 1914 at age 85 due to complications from the wound that he received at Petersburg.", "Q128604": "Lester Bowles \"Mike\" Pearson (23 April 1897 \u2013 27 December 1972) was a Canadian scholar, statesman, soldier, prime minister, and diplomat, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis. He was the 14th prime minister of Canada from 1963 to 1968, as the head of two back-to-back Liberal minority governments following elections in 1963 and 1965.\nDuring Pearson's time as prime minister, his Liberal minority governments introduced universal health care, student loans, the Canada Pension Plan, the Order of Canada, and the Maple Leaf flag. His Liberal government also unified Canada's armed forces. Pearson convened the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, and he kept Canada out of the Vietnam War. In 1967, his government passed Bill C-168, which de facto abolished capital punishment in Canada by restricting it to a few capital offences for which it was never used, and which themselves were abolished in 1976. With these accomplishments, together with his groundbreaking work at the United Nations and in international diplomacy, which included his role in ending the Suez Crisis, Pearson is generally considered among the most influential Canadians of the 20th century and is ranked among the greatest Canadian prime ministers.", "Q12204": "Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms, in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis. About 10% of latent infections progress to active disease which, if left untreated, kills about half of those affected. The classic symptoms of active TB are a chronic cough with blood-containing mucus, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. It was historically called \"consumption\" due to the weight loss. Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms.Tuberculosis is spread through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough, spit, speak, or sneeze. People with latent TB do not spread the disease. Active infection occurs more often in people with HIV/AIDS and in those who smoke. Diagnosis of active TB is based on chest X-rays, as well as microscopic examination and culture of body fluids. Diagnosis of latent TB relies on the tuberculin skin test (TST) or blood tests.Prevention of TB involves screening those at high risk, early detection and treatment of cases, and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccine. Those at high risk include household, workplace, and social contacts of people with active TB. Treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics over a long period of time. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem with increasing rates of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB).As of 2018 one-quarter of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. New infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2018, there were more than 10 million cases of active TB which resulted in 1.5 million deaths. This makes it the number one cause of death from an infectious disease. More than 95% of deaths occurred in developing countries, and more than 50% in India, China, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the Philippines. The number of new cases each year has decreased since 2000. About 80% of people in many Asian and African countries test positive while 5\u201310% of people in the United States population test positive by the tuberculin test. Tuberculosis has been present in humans since ancient times.", "Q451124": "The Royal W\u00fcrttemberg State Railways (K\u00f6niglich W\u00fcrttembergische Staats-Eisenbahnen or K.W.St.E.) were the state railways of the Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg (from 1918 the People's State of W\u00fcrttemberg) between 1843 and 1920. Please see also the main article History of the railway in W\u00fcrttemberg.", "Q466788": "Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont pronunciation (26 April 1711 \u2013 8 September 1780) was a French author who wrote the best known version of Beauty and the Beast. Her third husband was the French spy Thomas Pichon (1757\u20131760).", "Q100188": "Cluj-Napoca (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8klu\u0292 na\u02c8poka] (listen), German: Klausenburg; Hungarian: Kolozsv\u00e1r, Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8kolo\u0292va\u02d0r] (listen); Medieval Latin: Castrum Clus, Claudiopolis; and Yiddish: \u05e7\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9\u05d6\u05e0\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d2\u200e, Kloiznburg), commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth most populous city in Romania, and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country. Geographically, it is roughly equidistant from Bucharest (324 kilometres (201 miles)), Budapest (351 km (218 mi)) and Belgrade (322 km (200 mi)). Located in the Some\u0219ul Mic river valley, the city is considered the unofficial capital to the historical province of Transylvania. From 1790 to 1848 and from 1861 to 1867, it was the official capital of the Grand Principality of Transylvania.\nAs of 2011, 324,576 inhabitants lived within the city limits (making it the country's second most populous at the time, after the national capital Bucharest), marking a slight increase from the figure recorded at the 2002 census. The Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area has a population of 411,379 people, while the population of the peri-urban area (Romanian: zona periurban\u0103) exceeds 420,000 residents. The new metropolitan government of Cluj-Napoca became operational in December 2008. According to a 2007 estimate provided by the County Population Register Service, the city hosts a visible population of students and other non-residents\u2014an average of over 20,000 people each year during 2004\u20132007. The city spreads out from St. Michael's Church in Unirii Square, built in the 14th century and named after the Archangel Michael, the patron saint of Cluj-Napoca. The boundaries of the municipality contain an area of 179.52 square kilometres (69.31 sq mi).\nCluj-Napoca experienced a decade of decline during the 1990s, its international reputation suffering from the policies of its mayor at the time, Gheorghe Funar. Today, the city is one of the most important academic, cultural, industrial and business centres in Romania. Among other institutions, it hosts the country's largest university, Babe\u0219-Bolyai University, with its botanical garden; nationally renowned cultural institutions; as well as the largest Romanian-owned commercial bank. Cluj-Napoca held the titles of European Youth Capital in 2015 and European City of Sport in 2018.", "Q120258": "Susanne Kippenberger (born 29 August 1957 in Dortmund) is a German journalist and author. She grew up in Essen and studied German, English and American studies in T\u00fcbingen. She is a former Fulbright scholar. Having worked at various German news outlets, she joined the Berliner Tagesspiegel in 1989 where she has remained ever since.\nKippenberger has written three books till date. Her first book dealt with her elder brother, the famous German artist Martin Kippenberger. This title has since been translated into English by Damion Searls.", "Q4349855": "The First Cadet Corps was a military school in Saint Petersburg.", "Q467496": "Marianne Muellerleile (born November 26, 1948) is an American actress.", "Q4195992": "Anton Alexandrovich Ivanov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043d \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432; born 6 July 1965 in Gatchina, Leningrad Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian lawyer, businessman, and official.", "Q1707875": "Joseph Reinagle (1762\u20131825) was a music composer and popular cellist of the 18th century.", "Q131355": "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Sindhi: \u0630\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0680\u067d\u0648\u200e; Urdu: \u0630\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u0679\u0648\u200e\u200e; 5 January 1928 \u2013 4 April 1979)was a Pakistani barrister and politician who served as the 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the fourth President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. He was also the founder of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) and served as its chairman until his execution in 1979.Born in modern-day Sindh and educated at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Oxford, Bhutto trained as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn, before entering politics as one of President Iskander Mirza's cabinet members, and was assigned several ministries during President Ayub Khan's military rule from 1958. Appointed Foreign Minister in 1963, Bhutto was a proponent of Operation Gibraltar in Kashmir, leading to war with India in 1965. After the Tashkent Agreement ended hostilities, Bhutto fell out with Ayub Khan and was sacked from government.\nBhutto founded the PPP in 1967 on a socialist platform, and contested general elections held by President Yahya Khan in 1970. While the Awami League won a majority of seats overall, the PPP won a majority of seats in West Pakistan; the two parties were unable to agree on a new constitution in particular on the issue of Six Point Movement which many in West Pakistan saw as a way to break up the country. Subsequent uprisings led to the secession of Bangladesh, and Pakistan losing the war against Bangladesh-allied India in 1971. Bhutto was handed over the presidency in December 1971 and emergency rule was imposed. When Bhutto set about rebuilding Pakistan, he stated his intention was to \"rebuild confidence and rebuild hope for the future\".By July 1972, Bhutto recovered 43,600 prisoners of war and 5,000 sq mi of Indian-held territory after signing the Simla Agreement. He strengthened ties with China and Saudi Arabia, recognised Bangladesh, and hosted the second Organisation of the Islamic Conference in Lahore in 1974. Domestically, Bhutto's reign saw parliament unanimously approve a new constitution in 1973, upon which he appointed Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry President and switched to the newly empowered office of Prime Minister. He also played an integral role in initiating the country's nuclear programme. However, Bhutto's nationalisation of much of Pakistan's fledgling industries, healthcare, and educational institutions led to economic stagnation. After dissolving provincial feudal governments in Balochistan was met with unrest, Bhutto also ordered an army operation in the province in 1973, causing thousands of civilian casualties.Despite civil disorder, the PPP won parliamentary elections in 1977 by a wide margin. However, the opposition alleged widespread vote rigging, and violence escalated across the country. On 5 July that same year, Bhutto was deposed in a military coup by his appointed army chief Zia-ul-Haq, before being controversially tried and executed by the Supreme Court of Pakistan in 1979 for authorising the murder of a political opponent.Bhutto remains a contentious figure, being hailed for his nationalism and secular internationalist agenda, yet, is criticized for intimidating his political opponents and for human rights violations. He is often considered one of Pakistan's greatest leaders, and his party, the PPP, remains among Pakistan's largest, with his daughter Benazir Bhutto being twice elected Prime Minister, while his son-in-law and Benazir's husband, Asif Ali Zardari, served as President.", "Q214623": "Arthur Holitscher (22 August 1869 \u2013 14 October 1941) was a Hungarian playwright, novelist, essayist and writer on traveling. Born into an upper middle-class Jewish merchant family in Pest, Hungary, he began his career working for a bank for six years.\nHis career as a writer began in Germany in the mid-1890s.", "Q74195": "Menlo Park is a city at the eastern edge of San Mateo County, in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, in the United States. It is bordered by San Francisco Bay on the north and east; East Palo Alto, Palo Alto, and Stanford to the south; Atherton, North Fair Oaks, and Redwood City to the west. Menlo Park is one of the most educated cities in the state of California and the United States; nearly 70% of residents over the age of 25 have earned a bachelor's degree or higher. Menlo Park had 32,026 inhabitants according to the 2010 United States Census, which had grown to an estimated 34,549 inhabitants by 2018. The city is home to the corporate headquarters of Facebook and where Google and Round Table Pizza were founded.", "Q969026": "Vero Beach is a city in and the seat of Indian River County, Florida, United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2010 data, the city had a population of 15,220.", "Q280724": "Meiko () is an American singer-songwriter. She independently released a self-titled album on September 1, 2007. All of the tracks from the LP have been featured in major network TV shows. Her second full-length, titled The Bright Side, was released through Fantasy Records on May 15, 2012, and a single from the album, \"Stuck On You\", reached #1 on the combined Japanese AirPlay Chart and #1 on the International Chart in Japan.", "Q65098": "Theodor Eicke (17 October 1892 \u2013 26 February 1943) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. He was one of the key figures in the development of Nazi concentration camps during the Holocaust.\nEicke served as the second commandant of the Dachau concentration camp from June 1933 to July 1934, and together with his adjutant Michael Lippert, was one of the executioners of SA Chief Ernst R\u00f6hm during the Night of the Long Knives purge. In 1939, Eicke became commander of the SS Division Totenkopf of the Waffen-SS, leading the division during the Second World War on the Western and Eastern fronts, and continuing to expand and develop the concentration camp system.\nEicke was killed on 26 February 1943, when his plane was shot down during the Third Battle of Kharkov.", "Q467482": "Jaan Kaplinski (born 22 January 1941 in Tartu) is an Estonian poet, philosopher, and culture critic. Kaplinski is known for his independent mind, focus on global issues and support for left-wing/liberal thinking. He has been influenced by Eastern philosophical schools (taoism and especially buddhism).Kaplinski studied Romance language and linguistics at Tartu University, graduating as a French philologist in 1964, and has worked as a translator, editor, and sociologist, and ecologist at the Tallinn Botanic Garden. He has been named as a contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Q326849": "Rafet Ya\u015fdut (born 25 August 1968), better known by his stage name Rafet El Roman, is a Turkish pop star. He got his name from a fictional character named \"El Romano\".\n\n", "Q679610": "Jan-H\u00e5kan \"Ian\" Haugland (born 13 August 1964 in Nordreisa, Norway) is the drummer in the Swedish rock band Europe. When he was eight months old, he and his family moved to the Stockholm suburb of M\u00e4rsta, Sweden. He joined Europe in the summer of 1984, replacing Tony Reno. Previously Haugland had played in a number of bands, including Trilogy, where Candlemass bassist Leif Edling sang, and Yngwie J. Malmsteen's band Rising Force.\nAfter Europe went on hiatus in 1992, Haugland recorded and toured with bands like Brazen Abbot, Clockwise, Last Autumn's Dream, Europe colleague John Norum and former Black Sabbath / Deep Purple vocalist Glenn Hughes. In 1998 Haugland recorded a cover version of the Black Sabbath song \"Changes\", for the Ozzy Osbourne tribute album Ozzified. When he's not on the road or in the studio, he works as a host on the radio channel 106.7 FM Rockklassiker in Stockholm and occasionally plays drums in the studio.\nAs a drummer he endorses Ludwig drums, Paiste cymbals, Evans heads and Promark sticks.", "Q99223": "Peter Orloff (born 12 March 1944, Lemgo) is a German schlager singer, composer, producer, and songwriter. He had more than a dozen hit singles in West Germany in the 1960s and 1970s.", "Q324086": "Frederick Wallace Smith (born August 11, 1944) is the founder, chairman, president, and CEO of FedEx. The company is headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee.\n\n", "Q443534": "Spencer Garrett (born September 19, 1963), is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the films Air Force One (1997), 21 (2008), Public Enemies (2009), All the Way (2016), and The Front Runner (2018).\nHe is the son of actress Kathleen Nolan and personal manager Richard Heckenkamp.", "Q28198": "Jackson, officially the City of Jackson, is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is one of two county seats of Hinds County, along with Raymond, Mississippi. The city of Jackson also includes around 3,000 acres comprising Jackson-Medgar Evers International Airport in Rankin County and a small portion of Madison County. The city's population was estimated to be 164,422 in 2018, a decline from 173,514 in 2010. The city sits on the Pearl River and is located in the greater Jackson Prairie region of Mississippi.\nFounded in 1821 as the site for a new state capital, the city is named after General Andrew Jackson, who was honored for his role in the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812 and would later serve as U.S. president. Following the nearby Battle of Vicksburg in 1863 during the American Civil War, Union forces under the command of General William Tecumseh Sherman began the Siege of Jackson and the city was subsequently burned.During the 1920s, Jackson surpassed Meridian to become the most populous city in the state following a speculative natural gas boom in the region. The current slogan for the city is \"The City with Soul\". It has had numerous musicians prominent in blues, gospel, folk, and jazz.\nJackson is the anchor for the Jackson, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the state's 2nd largest metropolitan area, several counties in northern Mississippi are part of the Memphis metropolitan area, with a 2016 population of 579,332, about one-fifth of Mississippi's population.", "Q304356": "The Fiendish Plot of Dr. Fu Manchu is a 1980 comedy film. It was the final film featuring star Peter Sellers and David Tomlinson. Based on characters created by Sax Rohmer, the film stars Sellers in the dual role of Fu Manchu, a stereotypical Chinese evil genius, and English country gentleman detective Nayland Smith. \nPre-production began with Richard Quine as director. By the time the film entered production, Piers Haggard had replaced him. Peter Sellers handled the re-shoots himself. Released only two weeks after Sellers's death, the film was a commercial and critical failure. It was also the final screen appearance for Tomlinson, who retired from acting shortly before its release.", "Q189960": "Westminster is a government district and former capital of the Kingdom of England in Central London within the City of Westminster, part of the West End, on the north bank of the River Thames. Westminster's concentration of visitor attractions and historic landmarks, one of the highest in London, includes the Palace of Westminster, Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey and Westminster Cathedral.\nHistorically the area lay within St Margaret's parish, City and Liberty of Westminster, Middlesex.\nThe name Westminster (Old English: Westmynstre) originated from the informal description of the abbey church and royal peculiar of St Peter's (Westminster Abbey), literally West of the City of London (indeed, until the Reformation there was a reference to the 'East Minster' at Minories (Holy Trinity Priory, Aldgate) east of the City). The abbey was part of the royal palace that had been created here by Edward the Confessor. It has been the home of the permanent institutions of England's government continuously since about 1200 (High Middle Ages' Plantagenet times), and from 1707 the British Government.\nIn a government context, Westminster often refers to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, located in the UNESCO World Heritage Palace of Westminster\u2009\u2014\u2009also known as the Houses of Parliament. \nThe area is the centre of Her Majesty's Government, with Parliament in the Palace of Westminster and most of the major Government ministries known as Whitehall, itself the site of the royal palace that replaced that at Westminster.\nWithin the area is Westminster School, a major public school which grew out of the Abbey, and the University of Westminster, attended by over 20,000 students. Bounding Westminster to the north is Green Park, a Royal Park of London.\nThe area has a substantial residential population. By the 20th Century Westminster has seen rising residential condominiums with wealthy inhabitants. Hotels, large Victorian homes and barracks exist near to Buckingham Palace.", "Q95419": "Alexander Gustav Adolf Graf von Schleinitz (born 29 December 1807 in Blankenburg am Harz; died 19 February 1885 in Berlin) was the Foreign Minister of Prussia from 1858 to 1861 and minister for the royal household from late 1861 to his death.", "Q7343182": "This article is about the Scottish poet; for other people with a similar name, see Robert CrawfordRobert Crawford FRSE FBA (born 1959) is a Scottish poet, scholar and critic. He is currently Professor of English at the University of St Andrews.", "Q57994": "Hermann von Salza (or Hermann of Salza; c. 1165 \u2013 20 March 1239) was the fourth Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1210 to 1239. A skilled diplomat with ties to the Holy Roman Emperor and the Pope, Hermann oversaw the expansion of the military order into Prussia.", "Q78977": "Ferdinand Ludwig Adam von Saar (30 September 1833 in Vienna, Austria \u2013 24 July 1906 in D\u00f6bling) was an Austrian novelist, playwright and poet.Together with Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach he was one of the most important realistic writers in the German language of the ending 19th century in Austria.", "Q2656": "Palermo ( p\u0259-LAIR-moh, -\u2060LUR-, Italian: [pa\u02c8l\u025brmo] (listen); Sicilian: Palermu, locally [pa\u02c8l\u025bmm\u028a]; Latin: Panormus, from Greek: \u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2, romanized: P\u00e1normos) is a city of Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.\nThe city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz. Palermo then became a possession of Carthage. Two Greek colonies were established, known collectively as Panormos or \"All-Port\"; the Carthaginians used this name on their coins after the 5th century BC. As Panormus, the town became part of the Roman Republic and Empire for over a thousand years. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when the city first became a capital. The Arabs shifted the Greek name into Balarm (Arabic: \u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0645\u200e), the root for Palermo's present-day name. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily and the capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Emperor Frederick II and King Conrad IV.\nThe population of Palermo urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 855,285, while its metropolitan area is the fifth most populated in Italy with around 1.2 million people. In the central area, the city has a population of around 676,000 people. The inhabitants are known as Palermitani or, poetically, panormiti. The languages spoken by its inhabitants are the Italian language and the Palermitano dialect of the Sicilian language.\nPalermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and tourism capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic, Baroque and Art Nouveau churches, palaces and buildings, and its nightlife and music. Palermo is the main Sicilian industrial and commercial center: the main industrial sectors include tourism, services, commerce and agriculture. Palermo currently has an international airport, and a significant underground economy.\nIn fact, for cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo was one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe. It is the main seat of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefal\u00f9 and Monreale. The city is also going through careful redevelopment, preparing to become one of the major cities of the Euro-Mediterranean area.Roman Catholicism is highly important in Palermitan culture. The Patron Saint of Palermo is Santa Rosalia whose Feast Day is celebrated on 15 July. The area attracts significant numbers of tourists each year and is widely known for its colourful fruit, vegetable and fish markets at the heart of Palermo, known as Vucciria, Ballar\u00f2 and Capo.", "Q386427": "Roger Blin (Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, 22 March 1907 \u2013 \u00c9vecquemont, France, 21 January 1984) was a French actor and director notable for staging world premieres of Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot in 1953 and Endgame in 1957.", "Q123745": "Billy Williams OBE, BSC (born 3 June 1929, Walthamstow, London) is a British cinematographer.Williams was responsible for shooting a number of films, including Women in Love (1969), Gandhi (1982), for which he won an Oscar, and On Golden Pond (1981). Williams joined his father, also named Billy, as an apprentice cameraman, remaining with him for four years. Later he served in the RAF as a photographer. On leaving the RAF he obtained a job with British Transport Films (BTF), filming all forms of transportation.After this, it was to Iraq (where he later shot the opening scenes to The Exorcist, 1973), filming for the Iraq Petroleum Company. At this time he owned his own Arriflex camera. He spent several years in documentary work, hoping that one day he could break into features.\nBefore his feature debut, he became a cameraman on commercials, where he made contact with future directors Ken Russell and John Schlesinger (who had directed for BTF as well). In 1965 he shot his first feature as director of photography, having by-passed the focus puller and operator stages. His first feature offering was San Ferry Ann. He made several others before shooting Billion Dollar Brain with Russell in 1967.Williams can be seen in a cameo in the film The Wind and the Lion (1975), playing a British nobleman living in Tangier who is killed in a shootout with Sean Connery's Berber tribesmen. He also appeared with Cher in 1987's Suspect.\nWilliams retired on New Year's Day 1996. Since retirement he has travelled, conducting workshops on film. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours. Williams is featured in a new book on cinematographers called Conversations with Cinematographers by David A Ellis and published by Scarecrow Press, which is part of the Rowman and Littlefield publishing group.", "Q1369397": "The Tyra Banks Show, also known as and shortened to Tyra or The Tyra Show, is an American talk show hosted by Tyra Banks that aired from 2005 to 2010.\nWhile Banks's show covered a variety of topics, there was a sensationalized focus on current issues facing women, with often special episodes on America's Next Top Model, which Banks herself had also created and which she still hosts. In its later seasons, it took on a tabloid format similar to shows such as Maury and The Montel Williams Show, covering topics such as people with odd psychological problems, among other subjects.\nThe show was aired in many countries, and also remained available on XM Satellite Radio's Take Five channel in both the United States and Canada.\n\n", "Q738880": "Fabien Marsaud (born 31 July 1977 in Le Blanc-Mesnil, Seine-Saint-Denis), better known by his stage name Grand Corps Malade (also abbreviated GCM), is a French slam poet and lyricist, known for his low voice and for releasing songs and albums on which he slams over music.\nHis stage name means \"Tall Sick Body\" in French, a reference to his height (nearly 6'4\" or 1.95m) and to a spine injury that forces him to walk with a crutch, due to a 1997 accident that originally had doctors tell him he would never walk again.", "Q84514": "Count Maximilian Anton Karl Baillet de Latour (French: Maximilien-Antoine-Charles-Joseph Comte de Baillet de Latour) (14 December 1737 \u2013 22 July 1806) was an Austrian general during the French Revolutionary Wars.", "Q536801": "Tetsuya Mizuguchi (\u6c34\u53e3 \u54f2\u4e5f, Mizuguchi Tetsuya, born May 22, 1965) is a Japanese video game designer, producer, and businessman. Along with ex-Sega developers he is the one of the co-founders of the video game development firm Q Entertainment. He formerly worked for Sega as a producer in their Sega AM3 'arcade machines' team, developing games like Sega Rally Championship and Sega Touring Car Championship, before moving on to become the head of Sega's United Game Artists division, the team responsible for Rez and Space Channel 5. Mizuguchi is known for creating video games that incorporate an emphasis on interactive sound design, evidenced by Rez, Lumines, and Child of Eden.\nHe left Q Entertainment in 2013. He is currently the CEO of Enhance, Inc., a company he founded in 2014.", "Q94707": "Karl Sch\u00f6nherr (24 February 1867 - 15 March 1943) was an Austrian writer of Austrian Heimat themes.\n\n", "Q4227": "James Harrison Coburn III (August 31, 1928 \u2013 November 18, 2002) was an American actor. He featured in more than 70 films, largely action roles, and made 100 television appearances during a 45-year career, ultimately winning an Academy Award in 1999 for his supporting role as Glen Whitehouse in Affliction.\nCoburn was a capable, rough-hewn leading man, whose toothy grin and lanky physique made him a perfect tough guy in numerous leading and supporting roles in westerns and action films, such as The Magnificent Seven, Hell Is for Heroes, The Great Escape, Charade, Our Man Flint, In Like Flint, Duck, You Sucker!, Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid, and Cross of Iron. Coburn provided the voice of Mr. Waternoose in the Pixar film Monsters, Inc. In 2002, he received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries nomination for producing The Mists of Avalon.During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Coburn cultivated an image synonymous with \"cool\" and, along with such contemporaries as Lee Marvin, Steve McQueen, and Charles Bronson, became one of the prominent \"tough-guy\" actors of his day.", "Q312252": "Andy Samuel Griffith (June 1, 1926 \u2013 July 3, 2012) was an American actor, comedian, television producer, southern gospel singer, and writer whose career spanned seven decades in music and television. Known for his southern drawl, his characters with a folksy-friendly personality, and his gruff but friendly voice, Griffith was a Tony Award nominee for two roles, and gained prominence in the starring role in director Elia Kazan's film A Face in the Crowd (1957) before he became better known for his television roles, playing the lead roles of Andy Taylor in the sitcom The Andy Griffith Show (1960\u20131968) and Ben Matlock in the legal drama Matlock (1986\u20131995).\n\n", "Q455430": "Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham (23 January 1814 \u2013 28 November 1893) was a British army engineer with the Bengal Engineer Group who later took an interest in the history and archaeology of India. In 1861, he was appointed to the newly created position of archaeological surveyor to the government of India; and he founded and organised what later became the Archaeological Survey of India. \nHe wrote numerous books and monographs and made extensive collections of artefacts. Some of his collections were lost, but most of the gold and silver coins and a fine group of Buddhist sculptures and jewellery were bought by the British Museum in 1894.He is also the father of Allan Cunningham, a celebrated mathematician.", "Q216746": "Kurt Ehrenreich Floericke (also spelled Curt and/or Fl\u00f6ricke; 23 March 1869, in Zeitz \u2013 29 October 1934, in Stuttgart) was a German naturalist and author of numerous popular science books.\nFrom 1889, Floericke studied natural sciences in Breslau and Marburg and he gained a doctorate in 1893 with a thesis on the bird fauna of Silesia. He then extended his studies to east and south-east Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and South America. In 1902, he moved to Vienna, where he made a living as an author. His financial position was assured when he became the editor and owner of Kosmos Die Zeitschrift f\u00fcr alle Freunde der Natur, Kosmos Magazine for the Friends of Nature 1904- Stuttgart. Floericke inspired the formation of the S\u00fcddeutsche Vogelwarte, the South German Ornithological Institute.", "Q294037": "Christopher Brendan Ward (born September 2, 1975), better known by his stage name MC Chris (stylized as mc chris), is an American rapper, voice actor, improvisational comedian, and writer. Associated with the genre of nerdcore hip hop, he is known for the high pitch of his voice and the combination of his \"geek\" heritage with the \"gangster\" image associated with many hip hop artists. He has released ten albums, five EPs, one re-release and a tenth anniversary edition of his recordings with The Lee Majors.", "Q49214": "James Danforth Quayle (born February 4, 1947) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 44th vice president of the United States from 1989 to 1993. Quayle was also a U.S. representative from 1977 to 1981 and a U.S. senator from 1981 to 1989 from the state of Indiana.\nA native of Indianapolis, Indiana, Quayle spent most of his childhood in Paradise Valley, a suburb of Phoenix, Arizona. He married Marilyn Tucker in 1972 and obtained his J.D. degree from the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law in 1974. Quayle practiced law in Huntington, Indiana with his wife before his election to the United States House of Representatives in 1976. In 1980 Quayle was elected to the U.S. Senate.\nIn 1988, Vice President and Republican presidential nominee George H. W. Bush chose Quayle as his running mate. Quayle's vice presidential debate against Democratic candidate Lloyd Bentsen was notable for the \"Senator, you're no Jack Kennedy\" incident. The Bush/Quayle ticket won the 1988 election over the Democratic ticket of Michael Dukakis and Bentsen, and Quayle became vice president in January 1989. As vice president, he made official visits to 47 countries and was appointed chairman of the National Space Council. He secured re-nomination for vice president in 1992, but Democrat Bill Clinton and his running mate, Al Gore, defeated the Bush/Quayle ticket. \nIn 1994 Quayle published his memoir, Standing Firm. He declined to run for President in 1996 because he was suffering from phlebitis. Quayle sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2000 but later withdrew from the campaign and supported the eventual winner, George W. Bush. He joined Cerberus Capital Management, a private equity firm, in 1999.\n\n", "Q152802": "Buchenwald (German pronunciation: [\u02c8bu\u02d0x\u0259nvalt]; literally beech forest) was a Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within Germany's 1937 borders. Many actual or suspected communists were among the first internees.\nPrisoners came from all over Europe and the Soviet Union\u2014Jews, Poles and other Slavs, the mentally ill and physically disabled, political prisoners, Romani people, Freemasons, and prisoners of war. There were also ordinary criminals and sexual \"deviants\". All prisoners worked primarily as forced labor in local armaments factories. The insufficient food and poor conditions, as well as deliberate executions, led to 56,545 deaths at Buchenwald of the 280,000 prisoners who passed through the camp and its 139 subcamps. The camp gained notoriety when it was liberated by the United States Army in April 1945; Allied commander Dwight D. Eisenhower visited one of its subcamps.\nFrom August 1945 to March 1950, the camp was used by the Soviet occupation authorities as an internment camp, NKVD special camp Nr. 2, where 28,455 prisoners were held and 7,113 of whom died. Today the remains of Buchenwald serve as a memorial and permanent exhibition and museum.", "Q158491": "Feodosia (Russian: \u0424\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0438\u044f, Feodosiya; Ukrainian: \u0424\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0456\u044f, Feodosiia; Crimean Tatar and Turkish: Kefe), also called Theodosia (from Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1), is a port and resort, a town of regional significance in Crimea on the Black Sea coast. Feodosia serves as the administrative center of Feodosia Municipality, one of the regions into which Crimea is divided. During much of its history the city was known as Caffa (Ligurian: Caf\u00e0) or Kaffa. According to the most recent census, its population is 69,145 (2014 Census).", "Q99545": "Thomas Wolfgang Feist (born 8 April 1965 in Leipzig, Germany) is a German politician (CDU) as well as musicologist and cultural scientist. He served as an advisor for cultural activities, intercultural cooperation and music at the Evangelical Church in Saxony and was also chairman of the Federal Association for cultural activities in the Evangelical Youth Movement, Bundesverband Kulturarbeit in der evangelischen Jugend (BKA).\n\n", "Q505575": "Alfred A. Cohn (March 26, 1880 \u2013 February 3, 1951) was an author, journalist and newspaper editor, Police Commissioner, and screenwriter of the 1920s and 1930s. He is best remembered for his work on The Jazz Singer, which was nominated for (but did not win) an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay in the 1st Academy Awards of 1929.\nCohn was born in Freeport, Illinois but subsequently moved to Cleveland, Ohio where he began work as a newspaper editor and journalist. He then moved to Galveston, Texas where he ran a newspaper.\nFollowing his career in journalism, he moved to Arizona and participated as a secretary in the Arizona constitutional convention which led to its statehood in 1912.\nIn the 1920s, he moved to Los Angeles, California and began working as a writer, first doing title cards for silent films and, later, scripts and adaptations. He was a co-writer on the 1926 film The Cohens and Kellys, the first of the six-film Cohens and Kellys franchise. His work on adapting The Jazz Singer, one of the first motion pictures with sound, from a play and short story by Samson Raphaelson, led to his first and only nomination for an Academy Award. During this period, he was a prolific writer and wrote more than 100 scripts, roughly 40 of which were produced into films.\nIn the 1930s, he retired from screenwriting and was appointed the Police Commissioner of Los Angeles, and he continued writing as a short story writer. He died of a heart condition in 1951.", "Q1439": "Texas (, locally ; Spanish: Texas or Tejas, pronounced [\u02c8texas] (listen)) is a state in the South Central Region of the United States. It is the second largest U.S. state by area (after Alaska) and population (after California). Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, and Tamaulipas to the southwest, and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast.\nHouston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S., while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas\u2013Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country, respectively. Other major cities include Austin, the second-most populous state capital in the U.S., and El Paso. Texas is nicknamed the \"Lone Star State\" for its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the state's struggle for independence from Mexico. The \"Lone Star\" can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal. The origin of Texas's name is from the word taysha, which means \"friends\" in the Caddo language.Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and the Southwestern regions. Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts, less than ten percent of Texas's land area is desert. Most of the population centers are in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests, and the coastline. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend.\nThe term \"six flags over Texas\", refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim and control the area of Texas. France held a short-lived colony. Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845, Texas joined the union as the 28th state. The state's annexation set off a chain of events that led to the Mexican\u2013American War in 1846. A slave state before the American Civil War, Texas declared its secession from the U.S. in early 1861, and officially joined the Confederate States of America on March 2 of the same year. After the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation.\nHistorically four major industries shaped the Texas economy prior to World War II: cattle and bison, cotton, timber, and oil. Before and after the U.S. Civil War the cattle industry, which Texas came to dominate, was a major economic driver for the state, thus creating the traditional image of the Texas cowboy. In the later 19th century cotton and lumber grew to be major industries as the cattle industry became less lucrative. It was ultimately, though, the discovery of major petroleum deposits (Spindletop in particular) that initiated an economic boom which became the driving force behind the economy for much of the 20th century. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy and high tech industry in the mid-20th century. As of 2015, it is second on the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with 54. With a growing base of industry, the state leads in many industries, including tourism, agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace, and biomedical sciences. Texas has led the U.S. in state export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product. If Texas were a sovereign state, it would be the 10th largest economy in the world.", "Q724517": "Tomi Petteri Putaansuu (best known by his stage name, Mr Lordi, or Mr L, born 15 February 1974) is a Finnish musician, businessman, special effect make-up artist, songwriter, actor, painter, comics artist and graphic designer.\nMr Lordi is best known as the lead vocalist in the heavy metal/hard rock band Lordi. In the band he is responsible for songwriting and creating all the masks, costumes, graphics and stage props.\nMr Lordi has written songs and painted cover artworks for many bands and artists like Rotten Sound, Jope Ruonansuu, Domination Black, Grandevils and Agnes Pihlava. He has also had a few art exhibitions in Finland.\nAll publicity photographs of Mr Lordi have his face concealed with his mask and stage makeup. However, many tabloids have published fake photos of his unmasked face. A real published photograph of his unmasked face was taken in the early 1990s, as the chairman of Kiss Army Finland.", "Q2057791": "Sir Patrick Manson, (3 October 1844 \u2013 9 April 1922), was a Scottish physician who made important discoveries in parasitology, and was the founder of the field of tropical medicine. He graduated from University of Aberdeen with degrees in Master of Surgery, Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Law. His medical career spanned Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, and London. He discovered that filariasis in humans is transmitted by mosquitoes. This is the foundation of modern tropical medicine, and he is recognized with an epithet \"Father of Tropical Medicine\". His discovery directly invoked the mosquito-malaria theory, which became the foundation in malariology. He eventually became the first President of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. He founded the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese (subsequently absorbed into the University of Hong Kong) and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.Manson was inflicted with gout during his service in China. His recurring condition worsened with age. He died in 1922.\n\n", "Q5086379": "Charly Records is a British record label that specialises in reissued material.Among the labels whose original releases are reissued by Charly are Vee-Jay, Sun, Immediate, BYG, Tomato, and Fania.", "Q4014532": "Robert Francis \"Beto\" O'Rourke (; born September 26, 1972) is an American politician who represented Texas's 16th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 2013 to 2019. O'Rourke is noted for having run for the United States Senate in 2018, narrowly losing to Republican incumbent Ted Cruz. He sought the 2020 Democratic nomination for President of the United States.\nO'Rourke was born into a local political family in El Paso, Texas, and is a graduate of Woodberry Forest School and Columbia University. While studying at Columbia, O'Rourke began a brief music career as bass guitarist in the post-hardcore band Foss. After his college graduation, he returned to El Paso and began a business career. In 2005, he was elected to the El Paso City Council, serving until 2011. O'Rourke was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2012 after defeating eight-term incumbent Democrat Silvestre Reyes in the primary.\nAfter being re-elected to the House in 2014 and 2016, O'Rourke declined to seek re-election in 2018. Instead, he sought the U.S. Senate seat held by Cruz, running a competitive campaign that drew national attention. Despite his defeat, O'Rourke set a record for most votes ever cast for a Democrat in Texas history. On March 14, 2019, O'Rourke announced his campaign for President of the United States in the 2020 United States presidential election. He suspended his campaign on November 1, 2019, before the primaries began. On March 2, 2020, one day before Super Tuesday, O'Rourke endorsed Joe Biden at a rally in Dallas, Texas.", "Q7111668": "Out of an Old Man's Head (Swedish: I huvet p\u00e5 en gammal gubbe) is a 1968 Swedish film directed by Per \u00c5hlin and Tage Danielsson, starring Hans Alfredson as an old man remembering his past. Partly a black comedy, the film was released around the same time as the urban renewal of the Klara quarters in Stockholm, and could be seen as a comment both on the demolishing of the old buildings and on the welfare state in general.\nOut of the total running time of 77 minutes, about 50 minutes are animated. It is considered to be the first Swedish animated feature film, although the first one that was fully animated was Agaton Sax and the Bykoebing Village Festival.", "Q202733": "Anthony Frank Iommi (; born 19 February 1948) is an English guitarist, songwriter and producer. He was lead guitarist and one of the four founding members of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath. He was the band's primary composer and sole continual member for nearly five decades.\nWhile working in a factory as a teenager, Iommi lost the tips of the middle and ring fingers of his right hand in an accident, an event which crucially impacted his playing style. Iommi briefly left Black Sabbath (then known as Earth) in 1968 to join Jethro Tull, but did not record any material with the band, and he subsequently returned to Black Sabbath in 1969. In 2000, he released his first solo album Iommi, followed by 2005's Fused, which featured his former bandmate Glenn Hughes. After releasing Fused, he formed Heaven & Hell, which disbanded after Ronnie James Dio's death in 2010.\nIommi was ranked number 25 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\".\nIn 2011, he published his autobiography, entitled Iron Man: My Journey through Heaven and Hell with Black Sabbath.", "Q65926": "Hagenbuch is a municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q441445": "Sara Mingardo (born 2 March 1961) is an Italian classical contralto who has had an active international career in concerts and operas since the 1980s. Her complete recording of Anna in Hector Berlioz's Les Troyens won a Gramophone Award and both the Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording and the Grammy Award for Best Classical Album in 2002. Some of the other roles she has performed on stage or on disc include Andronico in Tamerlano, Mistress Quickly in Falstaff, Rosina in The Barber of Seville, and the title roles in Carmen, Giulio Cesare, Riccardo Primo, and Rinaldo. She has also recorded several Vivaldi cantatas, Bach cantatas, and such concert works as Mozart's Requiem, Rossini's Stabat Mater, and Vivaldi's Gloria among others.", "Q461795": "Robert Brent \"Bob\" Thirsk, (born August 17, 1953) is a Canadian engineer and physician, and a former Canadian Space Agency astronaut. He holds the Canadian records for the most time spent in space (204 days 18 hours). He became an officer of the Order of Canada (OC) in 2013 and was named to the Order of British Columbia (OBC) in 2012.", "Q87790": "Edmund Blum (9 September 1874 in Steinamanger/Szombathely Hungary \u2013 14 April 1938 in Vienna) was an Austrian author and dentist.", "Q1102217": "Star Trek is an American media franchise based on the science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry. The first television series, simply called Star Trek and now referred to as \"The Original Series\", debuted in 1966 and aired for three seasons on NBC. The Star Trek canon includes The Original Series, an animated series, six spin-off television series, and thirteen films.", "Q705532": "Gregory Broussard (born August 31, 1963 in Los Angeles, California), better known by his stage name Egyptian Lover, is an American musician, vocalist, producer and DJ, and was a part of the L.A. dance music and rap scene in the early 1980s.", "Q121807": "Karl Addicks (born 31 December 1950 in Amberg, Bavaria) is a German physician and politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP).", "Q25331": "Odense (Danish: [\u02c8o\u02c0\u00f0n\u0329s\u0259] (listen)) is the third-largest city in Denmark.\nIt has a population of 179,601 (1 January 2019), and is the main city of the island of Funen. By road, Odense is located 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Svendborg, 144 kilometres (89 mi) to the south of Aarhus and 167 kilometres (104 mi) to the southwest of Copenhagen. The city is the seat of Odense Municipality and was the seat of Odense County until 1970, and Funen County from 1970 until 1 January 2007, when Funen County became part of the Region of Southern Denmark. Odense has close associations with Hans Christian Andersen who is remembered above all for his fairy tales. He was born in the city in 1805 and spent his childhood years there.\nThere has been human settlement in the Odense area for over 4,000 years, although the name was not mentioned in writing until 988, and by 1070, it had already grown into a thriving city. Canute IV of Denmark, generally considered to be the last Viking king, was murdered by unruly peasants in Odense's St Alban's Priory on 10 July 1086. Although the city was burned in 1249 following a royal rivalry, it quickly recovered and flourished as a centre of commerce in the Middle Ages. After a period of decline, large-scale plans for development were made during the 18th century, which led to the rebuilding of Odense Palace and the building of a canal to the Port of Odense, facilitating trade. In 1865, one of the largest railway terminals in Denmark was built, further increasing the population and commerce, and by 1900, Odense had reached a population of 35,000. Odense's Odinst\u00e5rnet was one of the tallest towers in Europe when built in 1935 but was destroyed by the Nazis during World War II. The University of Southern Denmark was established in 1966.\nIn the present day, Odense remains the commercial hub of Funen, and has a notable shopping district with a diversity of stores. Several major industries are located in the city including the Albani Brewery and GASA, Denmark's major dealer in vegetables, fruits and flowers. The city is home to Odense Palace, erected by King Frederik IV who died there in 1730, the Odense Theatre, the Odense Symphony Orchestra, and the Hans Christian Andersen Museum, situated in the house that was the birthplace of Hans Christian Andersen. In sports, Odense has a number of football clubs including OB, BM, B1909, and B1913, the Odense Bulldogs professional ice hockey team, and the city also hosts the H.C. Andersen Marathon. Odense is served by Hans Christian Andersen Airport and Odense station, which lies on the line between Copenhagen and the Jutland peninsula.", "Q678283": "L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Fogarasi Jr. (born September 14, 1980), known by his stage name Yonderboi, is a Hungarian composer, music producer and visual artist. He released three studio albums so far, which he considers to be a trilogy: Shallow and Profound, Splendid Isolation and Passive Control. Yonderboi's music is difficult to pigeonhole because it is quite conceptual and combines a wide range of sources, plays around with various musical styles. Despite of these a certain intense atmosphere and the distinctive melodies remain recognizable in all of his works. Each record was followed by a tour, the first and the second with a live band and the current one as a one-man act. He performed on diverse stages over the years, including festivals such as S\u00f3nar, Pukkelpop, Lowlands, Big Chill, Sziget, ADE and venues like Razzmatazz, Melkweg, Paradiso (Amsterdam). Yonderboi's music is often licensed to films, TV and fashion shows or video games. He also enjoys making field trips to different art-forms, he scores movies and theater pieces once in a while and he also composes music for art exhibitions like the Swiss Pavilion of the Venice Biennale 2001. His most notable collaboration was performing an audio-visual show with British film director legend Peter Greenaway during the Berlin Film Festival 2009. Besides his extraordinary musical talent Yonderboi utilizes his visual creativity as well. By now he shoots his own photos and videos, designs the album cover and the stage set for his shows.\n\n", "Q110402": "Karin Hardt Meta Therese (28 April 1910 in Altona, Hamburg \u2013 5 March 1992 in Berlin) was a German actress.", "Q106260": "Ralf Schmitz (born 3 November 1974) is a German comedian and actor, born in Leverkusen.\n\n", "Q361257": "Sheldon Allan \"Shel\" Silverstein (September 25, 1930 \u2013 May 10, 1999) was an American writer known for his cartoons, songs, and children's books. He styled himself as Uncle Shelby in some works. His books have been translated into more than 30 languages and have sold more than 20 million copies. He was the recipient of two Grammy Awards, as well as Golden Globe Award and Academy Award nominations.", "Q129283": "King Ralph is a 1991 American comedy film directed by David S. Ward and starring John Goodman, Peter O'Toole, and John Hurt. The film is about an American who becomes the unlikely King of the United Kingdom after an electrical accident wipes out the British royal family.\nThe story is loosely based on the novel Headlong by Emlyn Williams. Very little of the story survived the transition to the screen; characters were changed and the story made into a comedy. The film was a minor box office hit.", "Q573408": "Czes\u0142aw Jacek Centkiewicz (October 18, 1904 \u2013 July 10, 1996) was a Polish engineer, explorer, writer and journalist. He is best known for a number of books he authored (or co-authored with his wife Alina Centkiewicz) on history of exploration of polar areas and the daily life of Inuit peoples.", "Q2561995": "Antanas Gustaitis (March 26, 1898 \u2013 October 16, 1941) was an officer in the Lithuanian Armed Forces who modernized the Lithuanian Air Force, which at that time was part of the Lithuanian Army. He was the architect or aeronautical engineer who undertook the task to design and construct several military trainers and reconnaissance aircraft.\nGustaitis was born in the village of Obelin\u0117, in Javaravas county, in the Marijampol\u0117 district. He attended high school in Yaroslavl, and from there studied at the Institute of Engineering and School of Artillery in Petrograd. After joining the Lithuanian Army in 1919, he graduated from the School of Military Aviation as a Junior Lieutenant in 1920. Later that year, he saw action in the Polish-Lithuanian War. By 1922 he began to train pilots, and later became the head of the training squadron. He also oversaw the construction of aircraft for Lithuania in Italy and Czechoslovakia. Gustaitis was one of the founding members of the Aero Club of Lithuania, and later its Vice-President. He did much to promote aviation among the young people in Lithuania, especially concerning the sport of gliding. He also won the Lithuanian Chess Championship in 1922.\nBetween 1925 and 1928, Gustaitis studied aeronautical engineering in Paris. After his graduation he returned to Lithuania, and was promoted to deputy Commander-in-Chief of Military Aviation and made chief of the Aviation Workshop (Karo Aviacijos Tiekimo Skyrius) in Kaunas. During this time, he reorganized the workshop and expanded its capability to repair aircraft as well. The aircraft he designed were named ANBO, an acronym for \"Antanas Nori B\u016bti Ore\", his and his wife's first names. A common misconception is \"Antanas Nori B\u016bti Ore\" means Antanas wants to be in the air.\n\nIn 1934, he became Commander-in-Chief of the air branch, and in 1937, attained the rank of Brigadier General. He reorganized Lithuanian military aviation, forming fighter, bomber, and reconnaissance groups, and developed a system of training for pilots and their crews, and ground crews as well.\nAfter Lithuania's occupation by the Soviet Union and the dissolution of the Lithuanian Army, he was a lecturer at Vytautas Magnus University, but fearing arrest he attempted to flee to Germany in 1941. He was caught attempting to cross the border on 4 March, arrested, and taken to Moscow where he was shot on the 16 October.\nFollowing the restoration of Lithuanian independence he was commemorated by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University when the Antanas Gustaitis Aviation Institute was named after him.", "Q3365459": "Eric James Joseph Massa (born September 16, 1959) is a former American politician who served as a U.S. Representative for the 29th Congressional District of New York. A Democrat, he served in Congress from January 2009 until his resignation in March 2010. Massa resigned during a pending House Ethics Committee investigation into allegations of sexual misconduct. Massa identified his declining health and the ongoing ethics investigation as the reasons for his resignation; however, he later said that there was a conspiracy \"to oust him because he had voted against overhauling health care.\"It was reported in 2017 that Congress had paid nearly $100,000 to settle the harassment claims made by two male staffers against Massa.\n\n", "Q72269": "Johann of Schwarzenberg (December 25, 1463 \u2013 October 21, 1528) (also Johann, Freiherr von Schwarzenberg and Hohenlandsberg) was a German moralist and reformer who, as judge of the episcopal court at Bamberg, introduced a new code of evidence which amended the procedure then prevalent in Europe by securing for the accused a more impartial hearing.", "Q119340": "Carl Ahasver von Sinner (February 2, 1754 \u2013 April 25, 1821) was a Bernese architect of the Louis XVI period.", "Q6759951": "Margaret Taylor-Burroughs (November 1, 1915 \u2013 November 21, 2010), also known as Margaret Taylor Goss, Margaret Taylor Goss Burroughs or Margaret T G Burroughs; was an American visual artist, writer, poet, educator, and arts organizer. She co-founded the Ebony Museum of Chicago, now the DuSable Museum of African American History. An active member of the African-American community, she also helped to establish the South Side Community Art Center, whose opening on May 1, 1941 was dedicated by the First Lady of the United States Eleanor Roosevelt. There at the age of 23 Burroughs served as the youngest member of its board of directors. A long-time educator, she spent most of her career at DuSable High School. Taylor-Burroughs was a prolific writer, with her efforts directed toward the exploration of the Black experience and to children, especially to their appreciation of their cultural identity and to their introduction and growing awareness of art. She is also credited with the founding of Chicago's Lake Meadows Art Fair in the early 1950s.", "Q187018": "Vittorio Marzotto (13 June 1922, Valdagno \u2013 4 February 1999) was an Italian racing driver. He drove 16 sports car races between 1948 and 1955, mainly in Ferrari's, his best results being two victories and three second places. He also entered a Formula 1-race in 1952, the French Grand Prix, as reserve driver for Scuderia Ferrari. However, all Ferrari works drivers started the race, so Marzotto was unable to and he never entered Formula 1 again.\nMarzotto was the son of Count Gaetano Marzotto and he was the oldest of four brothers (Paolo, Giannino, Umberto and Vittorio), who were all racing drivers too.", "Q154240": "Yemelyan Ivanovich Pugachev (Russian: \u0415\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044f\u0301\u043d \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0451\u0432; c. 1742 \u2013 21 January [O.S. 10 January] 1775) was an ataman of the Yaik Cossacks who led a great popular insurrection during the reign of Catherine the Great. Pugachev claimed to be Catherine's late husband, Emperor Peter III. \nAlexander Pushkin wrote a notable history of the rebellion, The History of Pugachev, and recounted the events of the uprising in his novel The Captain's Daughter (1836).", "Q59313306": "FC Cincinnati was a soccer club based in Cincinnati, Ohio that began play in 2016 in the competition then known as the United Soccer League and now as the USL Championship. The team was announced on August 12, 2015. The club's ownership group was led by Carl H. Lindner III. Alan Koch was the coach.\nOn May 29, 2018, Major League Soccer awarded an expansion team to the FC Cincinnati ownership group. The MLS team began play under the FC Cincinnati name in 2019 and will move into a new stadium in 2021.\n\n", "Q221101": "MxPx is an American punk rock band from Bremerton, Washington, founded in 1992 as Magnified Plaid. The band has skate punk leanings, with connections to the pop punk and formerly the Christian punk scene. As of 2016, current members include Mike Herrera on lead vocals and bass guitar, Yuri Ruley on drums and percussion, Tom Wisniewski on lead guitar and backing vocals and Chris Adkins on rhythm guitar and backing vocals. The band's discography includes twelve studio albums, four EPs, four compilation albums, a live album, a VHS tape, a DVD and 20 singles. A number of the group's releases have charted on Billboard, including the Billboard 200 and No. 1 on Billboard Christian Albums.", "Q2091649": "Major General Bertram Meryl Hoffmeister, (15 May 1907 \u2013 4 December 1999) was a Canadian Army officer, businessman, and conservationist.\n\n", "Q39718": "Joseph Robert Kerrey (born August 27, 1943) is an American politician who served as the 35th Governor of Nebraska from 1983 to 1987 and as a United States Senator from Nebraska from 1989 to 2001. Before entering politics, he served in the Vietnam War as a United States Navy SEAL officer and was awarded the Medal of Honor for heroism in combat. During the action for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor, he was severely wounded, precluding further naval service.\nKerrey was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1992. He retired from the Senate in 2000 and was replaced by former Governor and fellow Democrat Ben Nelson. From 2001 to 2010, he served as president of The New School, a university in New York City. In May 2010, he was selected to become the head of the Motion Picture Association of America.. The MPAA, however, could not reach an agreement with him and chose former Connecticut Senator Chris Dodd instead.In 2012, Kerrey sought election to his old Senate seat to succeed retiring Democratic incumbent Ben Nelson. He lost to Republican nominee Deb Fischer.\nIn 2013, Kerrey joined the Carmen Group lobbying firm.Kerrey is a co-chair for the Advisory Board of Issue One, an organization that describes its mission as \"fighting for real solutions to the problem of money in politics\". In 1987, Kerrey was elected to the Common Cause National Governing Board.", "Q82830": "Matthias Blazek (born 1966) is a German local historian and journalist.", "Q3055522": "Finno-Ugrian Society (French: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Finno-Ougrienne, Finnish: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura) is a Finnish learned society, dedicated to the study of Uralic and Altaic languages. It was founded in Helsinki in 1883 by the proposal of professor Otto Donner.\nThe society publishes several academic journals, including:\n\nM\u00e9moires de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Finno-Ougrienne (267 volumes as of September 2013)\nFinnisch-ugrische Forschungen (61 volumes as of September 2013)\nJournal de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Finno-Ougrienne (93 volumes as of September 2013).", "Q67664": "Onsernone is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Ticino, near the city of Locarno. The river Isorno runs through this valley.\nThe municipality was created in 1995 by a merger of Comologno, Crana and Russo.On 10 April 2016 the former municipalities of Vergeletto, Gresso, Mosogno and Isorno merged into Onsernone.", "Q189753": "Modern Paganism, also known as Contemporary Paganism and Neopaganism, is a collective term for new religious movements influenced by or derived from the various historical pagan beliefs of pre-modern peoples. Although they share similarities, contemporary Pagan religious movements are diverse, and do not share a single set of beliefs, practices, or texts. Most academics who study the phenomenon treat it as a movement that is divided into different religions; others characterize it as a single religion of which different Pagan faiths are denominations.\nAdherents rely on pre-Christian, folkloric, and ethnographic sources to a variety of degrees; many follow a spirituality that they accept as entirely modern, while others claim prehistoric beliefs, or else attempt to revive indigenous, ethnic religions as accurately as possible. Academic research has placed the Pagan movement along a spectrum, with eclecticism on one end and polytheistic reconstructionism on the other. Polytheism, animism, and pantheism are common features of Pagan theology.\nContemporary Paganism has sometimes been associated with the New Age movement, with scholars highlighting both their similarities and differences. The academic field of Pagan studies began to coalesce in the 1990s, emerging from disparate scholarship in the preceding two decades.", "Q1340936": "Nicholas F. Oppenheimer (born 8 June 1945) is a South African billionaire businessman and philanthropist. He was formerly the chairman of De Beers diamond mining company and of its subsidiary, the Diamond Trading Company, and former deputy chairman of Anglo American. He is the third richest African.\n\n", "Q70318": "Johann Heinrich Merck (11 April 1741 \u2013 27 June 1791), German author and critic, was born at Darmstadt, a few days after the death of his father, a chemist.\nHe studied law at Gie\u00dfen, and in 1767 was given an appointment in the paymaster's department at Darmstadt, and a year later himself became paymaster. For a number of years he exercised considerable influence upon the literary movement in Germany; he helped to found the Frankfurter gelehrte Anzeigen in 1772, and was one of the chief contributors to Nicolai's Allgemeine Bibliothek.\nIn 1773 he accompanied the Landgravine Karoline of Hesse-Darmstadt to Saint Petersburg, and on his return was a guest of the duke Charles Augustus of Weimar in the Wartburg. Unfortunate speculations brought him into pecuniary embarrassment in 1788, and although friends, notably Goethe, were ready to come to his assistance, his losses \u2014 combined with the death of five of his children \u2014 so preyed upon his mind that he committed suicide on 27 June 1791.\nMerck distinguished himself mainly as a critic; his keen perception, critical perspicacity and refined taste made him a valuable guide to the young writers of the Sturm und Drang. He also wrote a number of small treatises, dealing mostly with literature and art, especially painting, and a few poems, stories, narratives and the like; but they have not much intrinsic importance. Merck's letters are particularly interesting and instructive, and throw much light upon the literary conditions of his time.\nMerck's Ausgew\u00e4hlte Schriften zur sch\u00f6nen Literatur und Kunst were published by A Stahr in 1840, with a biography.", "Q335160": "Snatch (stylized as snatch.) is a 2000 British crime comedy film written and directed by Guy Ritchie, featuring an ensemble cast. Set in the London criminal underworld, the film contains two intertwined plots: one dealing with the search for a stolen diamond, the other with a small-time boxing promoter (Jason Statham) who finds himself under the thumb of a ruthless gangster (Alan Ford) who is ready and willing to have his subordinates carry out severe and sadistic acts of violence.\nThe film features an assortment of characters, including Irish Traveller \"One Punch\" Mickey O'Neil (Brad Pitt), referred to as a \"pikey\", arms-dealer Boris \"the Blade\" Yurinov (Rade \u0160erbed\u017eija), professional thief and gambling addict Franky \"Four-Fingers\" (Benicio del Toro), American gangster-jeweller Abraham Denovitz known as \"Cousin Avi\" (Dennis Farina), small-time crooks Sol (Lennie James) and Vinny (Robbie Gee), getaway driver Tyrone (Ade) and bounty hunter Bullet-Tooth Tony (Vinnie Jones). It is also distinguished by a kinetic direction and editing style, an intricate double plot featuring numerous ironic twists of chance and causality, and a fast pace.\nThe film shares themes, ideas and motifs with Ritchie's first film, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels. It is also filmed in the same visual style and features many of the same actors, including Vinnie Jones, Jason Statham and Alan Ford.", "Q313819": "Anonymous is a 2011 period drama film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by John Orloff. The film is a fictionalized version of the life of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, an Elizabethan courtier, playwright, poet and patron of the arts, and suggests he was the actual author of William Shakespeare's plays. It stars Rhys Ifans as de Vere and Vanessa Redgrave as Queen Elizabeth I of England.\nThe film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2011. Produced by Centropolis Entertainment and Studio Babelsberg and distributed by Columbia Pictures, Anonymous was released on October 28, 2011 in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom, expanding to theaters around the world in the following weeks. The film was a box office flop and received mixed reviews, with critics praising its performances and visual achievements, but criticizing the film's time-jumping format, factual errors, and promotion of the Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship.", "Q932977": "Crossover thrash (often abbreviated to crossover) is a fusion genre of thrash metal and hardcore punk. The genre lies on a continuum between heavy metal and hardcore punk. Other genres on the same continuum, such as metalcore and grindcore, may overlap with crossover thrash.", "Q571579": "Please Save My Earth (Japanese: \u307c\u304f\u306e\u5730\u7403\u3092\u5b88\u3063\u3066, Hepburn: Boku no Chiky\u016b o Mamotte), sometimes abbreviated Bokutama, is a sh\u014djo manga by Saki Hiwatari. It was published by Hakusensha from 1986 to 1994 in the magazine Hana to Yume and collected in 21 volumes (tank\u014dbon). The series was adapted as a six-part original video animation (OVA) in 1993. It is about six teenagers and a seven-year-old boy who share common dreams about their past lives as alien scientists who observed the Earth from the Moon. Both the anime OVA and manga are licensed for distribution in North America by Viz Media.\nA sequel manga, Embraced by the Moonlight, was serialized in the bimonthly Hana to Yume as well as the special edition magazine, Hana to Yume Plus. It has since been followed by I Sing with the Earth.", "Q77477": "Hans Paasche (3 April 1881, Rostock \u2013 21 May 1920, Waldfrieden, Neumark) was a German politician and pacifist. He was the son of the Reichstag vice president Hermann Paasche and Lisi Paasche, and was married to Gabriele (Ellen) Witting.\nHans (Johannes) Albert Ferdinand Paasche studied at the Joachimsthalsches Gymnasium in Berlin. He became a sea cadet in 1899. An Imperial Navy officer and combative pacifist, Hans Paasche was also a big game hunter and nature conservationist, explorer of Africa and life reformer, alcohol abstainer and vegetarian, author and revolutionary. His brief but active life was marked by attempts to change the Prussian Deutschland-\u00fcber-alles military mindset.\nHis first experience with war was at the German African military campaign in the German East Africa colonies, where he learned first hand the horror and futility of war. In 1905, Paasche became commander in chief in the Rufiji-region, now southern Tanzania. His command was decisive, but he also took pains to reach a swift pacification. Refugees and defeated Africans found medical help and shelter at his headquarters at Mtanza. He was decorated with the Order of the Crown with Swords, but was removed from command because of his independent peace negotiations. His experiences during the uprising and his guilty feelings over his actions changed his life forever.\nAfter his return to Germany, in 1908 he married Ellen Witting, daughter of Richard Witting, director of the Nationalbank f\u00fcr Deutschland and former Lord Mayor of Posen (Pozna\u0144). His honeymoon trip brought him back to Africa, where he undertook a major expedition with his wife Ellen, who became the first European woman to reach the source of the Nile and the first to ascend Kilimanjaro, as well as the recently erupted volcano Nyiragongo.\nPaasche published his first book: Im Morgenlicht (\"In the Morning Light\"), which contained impressions of war and of hunting in Africa, but also valuable ethnographical materials. Paasche's fictional series of letters Lukanga Mukara offer a look at Germany through the eyes of an educated African and mock the decadence of the early pre-World War I Germany. His satirical parody of German lifestyles and attitudes gained immediate popularity. Hans Paasche became one of the most charismatic public figures of the German Empire, well known for openly advocating his provocative ideas.\nStill in uniform but not on active duty, he undertook an assault on the many wrongs that he saw in the German society and its military obsessions. This brought him many avid listeners and readers, especially among the young. It also brought him vilification, including that of his own father, and the dangerous attention of military prosecutors.\nA high treason prosecution was conducted against him by Abteilung IIIb, the intelligence service of the General Staff led by colonel Walter Nicolai. The trial ended in 1918 with a negotiated admission into a mental health institution. He was released at the end of 1918, and continued his work as a radical journalist. He served a brief term in the Berlin Workers' and Soldiers' Council and tried in vain to organize a national court. Eventually he was forced out by right-wing social democrats.\nAfter the sudden death of his wife Ellen at twenty nine, he retreated to his estate at Waldfrieden to take care of his four young children, Jochen, Nils, Helga and Ivan. Nevertheless, he still took part in national and international campaigns for peace, understanding among nations, and a League of Nations. His estate Waldfrieden became a shelter for hunted leftist insurgents.\nHis assassination was ultimately decreed by the ultra-nationalist death squad Organisation Consul. In 1920, at the age of 39, he was shot by a commando of sixty soldiers from District Command III while supposedly trying to escape. The soldiers had mounted the operation under an anonymous call with the pretense of finding a hidden weapons cache, which was never found. Few were prosecuted and none were convicted.\nIn 1985, Helga Paasche removed the tombstone of her father from Waldfrieden to the archives of the German Youth Movement on Ludwigstein Castle, where it is part of a permanent Hans-Paasche-exhibition.\nHis life has been extensively documented by his daughter, Helga Paasche, the author Werner Lange and his grandson Dr. Gottfried Paasche (for many years a professor of sociology at Canada's York University), among others. Hans Paasche's great-granddaughter, Sarah Paasche-Orlow, is a Conservative Rabbi.", "Q78744": "Ernst Wilhelm Engelhardt Ritter Seidler von Feuchtenegg (5 June 1862, Schwechat, Lower Austria \u2013 23 January 1931, Vienna) was an Austrian statesman. He served as Minister-President of Austria from 1917 until 1918. His daughter was the actress Alma Seidler.", "Q2865": "Kassel (German pronunciation: [\u02c8kasl\u0329] (listen); in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1928) is a city located on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel and the district of the same name and had 200,507 inhabitants in December 2015. The former capital of the state of Hesse-Kassel has many palaces and parks, including the Bergpark Wilhelmsh\u00f6he, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kassel is also known for the documenta exhibitions of contemporary art. Kassel has a public university with 25,000 students (2018) and a multicultural population (39% of the citizens in 2017 had a migration background).", "Q271050": "Anna Gunn (born August 11, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Skyler White on the AMC drama series Breaking Bad, for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2013 and 2014.", "Q180011": "Brenda Song (born March 27, 1988) is an American actress. She started in show business as a child fashion model, and her early television work included roles in the television shows Fudge (1995) and 100 Deeds for Eddie McDowd (1999). After many commercials and television roles in the late 1990s, Song appeared in The Ultimate Christmas Present (2000), and won a Young Artist Award for her performance. In 2002, Song signed a contract with Disney Channel and starred in the 2002 Disney Channel Original Movie Get a Clue and then made significant contributions to the channel, including starring in films such as Stuck in the Suburbs (2004), Wendy Wu: Homecoming Warrior (2006), and many other productions. In 2005, Song began playing the lead female role of London Tipton in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, and later reprised the role on The Suite Life on Deck.Song made her transition into mainstream movies in 2010 when she appeared in the critically acclaimed film The Social Network. She also starred in the short indie film First Kiss. In 2012 and 2013, she had recurring roles in Scandal and New Girl. In 2013\u20132014, she starred in the Fox TV series Dads. In October 2014, Song signed a talent holding deal with Fox and 20th Century Fox Television to star in a television project. Since then, Song has been cast in several television pilots for NBC and CBS. She also starred in the CBS drama Pure Genius. In 2017, Song was cast in two new movies: Changeland and Angry Angel. Song was cast in 2018 in the TV series Station 19 for a multi-episode arc. Song starred in the Netflix psychological thriller film Secret Obsession (2019), and has lent her voice to Anne Boonchuy in Disney's animated series Amphibia.", "Q154526": "Einhard (also Eginhard or Einhart; Latin: E(g)inhardus; c. 775 \u2013 March 14, 840) was a Frankish scholar and courtier. Einhard was a dedicated servant of Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious; his main work is a biography of Charlemagne, the Vita Karoli Magni, \"one of the most precious literary bequests of the early Middle Ages.\"", "Q1631492": "Houston Stackhouse (September 28, 1910 \u2013 September 23, 1980) was an American Delta blues guitarist and singer. He is best known for his association with Robert Nighthawk. He was not especially noted as a guitarist or singer, but Nighthawk showed gratitude to Stackhouse, his guitar teacher, by backing him on a number of recordings in the late 1960s. Apart from a brief tour in Europe, Stackhouse confined his performing to the area around the Mississippi Delta.", "Q365757": "Adolphe K\u00e9gresse (1879, H\u00e9ricourt, Haute-Sa\u00f4ne - 1943) was a French military engineer who invented the half-track and dual clutch transmission.\nBorn at H\u00e9ricourt, and educated in Montb\u00e9liard, he moved in 1905 to Saint Petersburg, Russia to work for the Russian Tsar Nicholas II. To improve the mobility of the imperial car park, he invented the K\u00e9gresse track to modify normal motor vehicles into half-tracks. He was also a personal chauffeur of Tsar Nicholas II and the Head of the Mechanical Department of the Russian Imperial Garage at Tsarskoye Selo. The Aide-de-camp to Tsar Nicholas II, Prince Orlov wrote in a letter to the Tsar on May 15.1914:\n\"... I consider K\u00e9gresse an irreplaceable worker and I am afraid his leaving will be a great loss for the garage. Your Highness knows, of course, how much His Majesty appreciates K\u00e9gresse.\"In 1908, the architect Lipsky VA designed a second two-storeyed Art Nouveau building for the Russian Imperial garage at Tsaskoye Selo / Pushkin, Saint Petersburg it had a total area of 367.6 sq. M. It housed the garage-residence Adolphe K\u00e9gresse. The building is noteworthy and identifiable for inclusion of a grand staircase with an external bas-relief image of one of the first car races held regularly in Tsarskoe Selo before the First World War.After World War I K\u00e9gresse was forced to return to his home country, where he was from 1919 employed by the Citro\u00ebn company during the 1920s and 1930s to design half-track vehicles, together with engineer Jacques Hinstin.\nAfter leaving the Citro\u00ebn company he developed in 1935 the AutoServe gearbox-transmission system. In 1939 he pioneered the development of modern small guided tracked bombs. K\u00e9gresse died in 1943 at Croissy-sur-Seine.\n\n", "Q102760": "Ursula \"Ulla\" Burchardt (born 22 April 1954 in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German politician and member of the SPD.\n\n", "Q69649": "Merishausen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.", "Q4860432": "Barenaked in America is a 1999 documentary film about the Canadian band Barenaked Ladies filmed during the 1998-1999 Stunt tour. Directed by actor Jason Priestley, the film was first shown at the Toronto International Film Festival. The band and director introduced the film at the Winter Garden theatre. \nBarenaked in America was originally released in the United States through a distribution deal with Blockbuster Video, and was available only for rental in VHS format. Blockbuster put many of its remaining copies on the sale rack, in an effort to eliminate its inventory, after their exclusive deal had expired. \nBarenaked in America has since been released on DVD in territories outside of North America, and has run on premium movie channels in the US. However, due to a rights issue, the film was not released for sale in the U.S. until on June 1, 2018, the band announced that a 20th Anniversary Edition of Stunt would be released in September that would include a CD/DVD package featuring the Barenaked in America.", "Q71006": "Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse (20 November 1787 \u2013 9 December 1867) was a German firearms inventor and manufacturer. He is most famous for submitting the Dreyse needle gun in 1836 to the Prussian army, which was adopted for service in December 1840 as the Leichte Perscussions-Gewehr M 1841 \u2013 a name deliberately chosen to mislead about the rifle's mechanism \u2013 later renamed Z\u00fcndnadelgewehr M 1841 in 1855.", "Q1737949": "Ronald Alfred Goodwin (17 February 1925 \u2013 8 January 2003) was an English composer and conductor known for his film music. He scored over 70 films in a career lasting over fifty years. His most famous works included Where Eagles Dare, Battle of Britain, 633 Squadron the Margaret Rutherford's Miss Marple films, and Frenzy.\nBorn in Plymouth, Devon, England, Goodwin learned to play the piano and trumpet from the age of five which allowed him to join the school band. When he was nine, the family moved to Harrow, London, where he attended Willesden County School and Pinner County Grammar School, in Middlesex. From there he went on to study the trumpet in London at the Guildhall School of Music.Whilst working as a copyist, he formed his own orchestra in his spare time and began arranging and conducting recordings for over fifty artists, which resulted in more than 100 chart successes. He wrote his first feature film score for Whirlpool, with screenplay by Lawrence P. Bachmann. After Bachmann became executive producer at MGM-British Studios in 1959, Goodwin composed and conducted the music for most of its productions, as well as working for other film studios.\nIn the 1980s Goodwin began concentrating on live orchestral performances and appeared as guest conductor with many symphony orchestras at home and abroad including the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony Orchestra and the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra.", "Q275236": "Muriel Lilian Pavlow (27 June 1921 \u2013 19 January 2019) was an English actress. Her mother was French and her father was Russian.", "Q128823": "Sir John Ambrose Fleming FRS (29 November 1849 \u2013 18 April 1945) was an English electrical engineer and physicist who invented the first thermionic valve or vacuum tube, designed the radio transmitter with which the first transatlantic radio transmission was made, and also established the right-hand rule used in physics.He was the eldest of seven children of James Fleming DD (died 1879), a Congregational minister, and his wife Mary Ann, at Lancaster, Lancashire, and baptised on 11 February 1850. A devout Christian, he once preached at St Martin-in-the-Fields in London on evidence for the resurrection. \nIn 1932, he and Douglas Dewar and Bernard Acworth helped establish the Evolution Protest Movement. Fleming bequeathed much of his estate to Christian charities, especially those for the poor. He was a noted photographer, painted watercolours, and enjoyed climbing the Alps.\n\n", "Q65073": "Brienz/Brinzauls (Romansh: Brinzauls) is a former municipality in the district of Albula in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Alvaschein, Mon, Stierva, Tiefencastel, Alvaneu, Brienz/Brinzauls and Surava merged to form the new municipality of Albula/Alvra.The majority of the population is German-speaking, with a large Romansh-speaking minority.", "Q2365016": "Gatifloxacin (brand names Gatiflo, Tequin, and Zymar) is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.\nIt was patented in 1986 and approved for medical use in 1999.", "Q862832": "Billericay ( (listen) BIL-\u0259-RIK-ee) is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Basildon, Essex, England. It lies within the London Basin and constitutes a commuter town 25 miles (40 km) east of Central London. The town has three secondary schools and a variety of open spaces. It is thought to have been occupied since the Bronze Age.", "Q607331": "The Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC, University of San Carlos of Guatemala) is the largest and oldest university of Guatemala; it is also the fourth founded in the Americas. Established in the Kingdom of Guatemala during the Spanish colony, it was the only university in Guatemala until 1954.The University has had five major transformations:\n\nRoyal and Pontifical University of San Carlos Borromeo (1676\u20131829): Established during the colony by the Spanish Crown in the 17th century, approved by the Vatican and directed by regular orders of the Catholic Church. After the Independence in 1821, it was called only Pontifical University.\nAcademia de Ciencias (Academy of Science) (1834\u20131840): a secular institution created during the Central American Federation by the liberal governor Mariano Galvez.\nPontifical University of San Carlos Borromeo (1840\u20131875): an ecclesiastical institution run by the regular orders during the governments of Rafael Carrera and Vicente Cerna y Cerna, ratified by the Concordat of 1854.\nNational University of Guatemala (1875\u20131944): a secular and positivist institution divided into colleges of Notary and Law, Medicine and Pharmacy.\nUniversity of San Carlos of Guatemala (1944-): a socially oriented secular institution established after the Revolution of 1944.The University grew out of the Colegio de Santo Tom\u00e1s de Aquino (Saint Thomas Aquinas High School), founded in 1562 by Bishop Francisco Marroqu\u00edn. After a series of major earthquakes in 1773, which destroyed many parts of the city of Santiago de los Caballeros, the crown authorities ordered the evacuation of the city and the relocation of its government, religious and university functions to the new capital La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunci\u00f3n, the university's present location. In the early years, from the 16th to 19th centuries, it offered studies in civil and liturgical law, theology, philosophy, medicine and indigenous languages.\nHowever, their activities were interrupted after the Independence of Central America in 1821. At that time, each province of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala promoted the creation of a local university. The university remained as an institution in Guatemala, but it closed in 1829, after the conservative criollos were expelled from Central America, and in 1834 converted into the \"Academy of Sciences\". In 1840, with the comeback of the conservatives, it was turned into the \"Pontifical University of San Carlos Borromeo\" once again and even for a short period between 1918 and 1920, it was called \"Estrada Cabrera University\" in honor of the then president, lawyer Manuel Estrada Cabrera. After the Revolution of October 1944, the USAC managed to obtain total autonomy, but from 1954, with the resurgence of Catholic education and the establishment of private universities, an attrition process of the university began, which included constant nonpayment of the budget percentage that corresponds to the University by the Constitution and the persecution and assassination of student leaders and faculty members throughout the duration of the Guatemala Civil War (1960\u20131996).\n\n", "Q106506": "The Fifth Element (French: Le Cinqui\u00e8me \u00c9l\u00e9ment) is a 1997 English-language French science fiction action film directed and co-written by Luc Besson. It stars Bruce Willis, Gary Oldman and Milla Jovovich. Primarily set in the 23rd century, the film's central plot involves the survival of planet Earth, which becomes the responsibility of Korben Dallas (Willis), a taxicab driver and former special forces major, after a young woman (Jovovich) falls into his cab. To accomplish this, Dallas joins forces with her to recover four mystical stones essential for the defence of Earth against the impending attack of a malevolent cosmic entity.\nBesson started writing the story that became The Fifth Element when he was 16 years old; he was 38 when the film opened in cinemas. Besson wanted to shoot the film in France, but suitable facilities could not be found; filming took place instead in London and Mauritania. Comics artists Jean \"Moebius\" Giraud and Jean-Claude M\u00e9zi\u00e8res, whose books provided inspiration for parts of the film, were hired for production design. Costume design was by Jean-Paul Gaultier.\nThe Fifth Element received mainly positive reviews, although it tended to polarize critics. The film won in categories at the British Academy Film Awards, the C\u00e9sar Awards, the Cannes Film Festival, and the Lumi\u00e8res Awards, but also received nominations at the Golden Raspberry and Stinkers Bad Movie Awards. The Fifith Element was a financial success, earning more than $263 million at the box office on a $90 million budget. At the time of its release it was the most expensive European film ever made, and remained the highest-grossing French film at the international box office until the release of The Intouchables in 2011.", "Q81487": "Step Up 2: The Streets is a 2008 American dance film. It is the sequel to the 2006 film Step Up from Touchstone Pictures. The film was directed by Jon M. Chu and choreographed by Jamal Sims, Nadine \"Hi Hat\" Ruffin and Dave Scott. Patrick Wachsberger and Erik Feig of Summit Entertainment produced with Adam Shankman and Jennifer Gibgot of Offspring Entertainment.\nSet at the Maryland School of the Arts, the story revolves around rebellious street dancer Andie West (Briana Evigan) who lands at the elite school and finds herself fighting to fit in while also trying to hold onto her old life. She eventually joins forces with the school's hottest dancer Chase Collins (Robert Hoffman) to form a crew of classmate outcasts to compete in Baltimore's underground dance battle The Streets, finding a way to live her dream while building a bridge between her two separate worlds. The film was followed by Step Up 3D, released in 2010.", "Q328657": "Bruce Channel (, sh\u0259-NEL; born November 28, 1940) is an American singer-songwriter best known for his 1962 million-selling number-one hit record, \"Hey! Baby\".", "Q329549": "Eug\u00e8ne Green (born 28 June 1947) is a U.S.-born French film-maker and dramatist. He is notable as an educator, training a generation of young actors in the revival of French baroque theatre technique and declamation.", "Q621490": "Robert Elmer Balaban (born August 16, 1945) is an American actor, author, producer, and director. He was one of the producers nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture for Gosford Park (2001), in which he also appeared. Balaban's other film roles include the drama Midnight Cowboy (1969); the science fiction films Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), Altered States (1980), and 2010 (1984); the Christopher Guest comedies Waiting for Guffman (1996), Best in Show (2000), A Mighty Wind (2003), and For Your Consideration (2006); the dark fantasy film Lady in the Water (2006); and the Wes Anderson films Moonrise Kingdom (2012), The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014), and Isle of Dogs (2018).\nBalaban has directed three feature films, in addition to numerous television episodes and films. He is also an author of children's novels.", "Q524236": "John Lawrence Smith (December 17, 1818 \u2013 October 12, 1883) was an American chemist and mineralogist.He published extensively on analytical chemistry and mineralogy, including Mineralogy and Chemistry, Original Researches (1873; enlarged with biographical sketches, 1884). His collection of meteorites was the finest in the United States, and upon his death, he passed it to Harvard. \nThe J. Lawrence Smith Medal is named in his honor.", "Q22338": "Mary Loretta Landrieu ( LAN-drew; born November 23, 1955) is an American politician, entrepreneur, and former Senator for the state of Louisiana. She is a member of the Democratic Party.\nBorn in Arlington, Virginia, Landrieu was raised in New Orleans, Louisiana. She is the daughter of Moon Landrieu, former New Orleans mayor and Secretary of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the sister of Mitch Landrieu, a former Mayor of New Orleans and Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana. She received her baccalaureate degree from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. After working as a real estate agent for several years, she was elected as a state representative (1980\u20131988) and state treasurer (1988\u20131996). She won a close race for the U.S. Senate in 1996; she was re-elected by increasing margins in competitive races in 2002 and 2008, but lost in 2014.\nLandrieu came to national attention in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 after she publicly criticized the federal response to the natural disaster. Her opposition to the public option played a major role in the crafting of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as she did not agree to support it until additional concessions were granted to support Louisiana's Medicaid system. In 2011, she became a cardinal (chair) of the Senate's Homeland Security Appropriations Subcommittee. She chaired the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship from 2009 to 2014, and chaired the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources from 2014 to 2015.", "Q91680": "Robert R\u00f6\u00dfler (1 March 1838 \u2013 20 May 1883) was a German poet.\nR\u00f6\u00dfler was born in Gro\u00dfburg, Lower Silesia, Prussia and died in Ratibor, where he had worked as a teacher.)", "Q470101": "Hector Bianciotti (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u025bkt\u0254\u0281 bj\u0251\u0303\u0283oti]; 18 March 1930 \u2013 12 June 2012) was an Argentine-born French author and member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.\n\n", "Q80955": "Santos Futebol Clube (Brazilian Portuguese: [\u02c8s\u0250\u0303tus fut\u0283i\u02c8b\u0254w \u02c8klubi]), commonly known simply as Santos, is a Brazilian sports club based in Vila Belmiro, a bairro in the city of Santos. It plays in the Paulist\u00e3o, the State of S\u00e3o Paulo's premier state league, as well as the Brasileir\u00e3o, the top tier of the Brazilian football league system.\nThe club was founded in 1912 by the initiative of three sports enthusiasts from Santos by Raimundo Marques, M\u00e1rio Ferraz de Campos, and Argemiro de Souza J\u00fanior as a response to the lack of representation the city had in football. Since then, Santos became one of Brazil's most successful clubs, becoming a symbol of Jogo Bonito (English: the Beautiful Game) in football culture, hence the motto \"T\u00e9cnica e Disciplina\" (Technique and discipline). The most recognized Santista anthem is the \"Le\u00e3o do Mar\" written by Mangeri Neto. This was largely thanks to the Peixe's golden generation of the 1960s which contained players such as Gilmar, Mauro Ramos, Meng\u00e1lvio, Coutinho, Pepe and Pel\u00e9, named the \"Athlete of the Century\" by the International Olympic Committee, and widely regarded as the best and most accomplished footballer in the game's history. Os Sant\u00e1sticos, considered by some the best club team of all times, won a total of 24 titles during that decade including five consecutive Brasileir\u00f5es, a feat that remains unequaled today. Os Sant\u00e1sticos won four competitions in 1962, thus completing a quadruple, comprising the Paulist\u00e3o, the Brasileir\u00e3o, the Copa Libertadores and the European/South American Cup.Santos is one of the most successful clubs in the Brasileir\u00e3o, becoming national champions on eight occasions. It has also won 21 Paulist\u00e3os, three Copa Libertadores, two Intercontinental Cups, one Supercopa de Campeones Intercontinentales, one Copa CONMEBOL (the precursor of current Copa Sudamericana), one Copa do Brasil and one Recopa Sudamericana. On January 20, 1998, Santos became the first team, in any category in the world, to reach the milestone of 10,000 goals in the entire history of football and was voted by FIFA as one of the most successful clubs of the 20th century.\nThe Peixe play their home games at the Vila Belmiro, which currently holds up to 20,120 spectators. Santos' regular kit is white shirts, with white shorts, accompanied by white socks. In 2013, the club is the 2nd most valuable club in Brazil and South America, and 38th most valuable club in the world according to Brand Finance, worth over $65 million. In terms of revenue, Santos is Brazil's 4th richest sports club and one of the biggest football clubs in the world, generating an annual turnover of over $114 million in 2012. Santos holds many long-standing rivalries, most notably against Corinthians, Palmeiras and S\u00e3o Paulo.", "Q983400": "Johannes de Muris (c.1290 - c.1355), or John of Murs, was a French philosopher, astronomer, mathematician, and music theorist best known for treatises on the ars nova, titled Ars nove musice.", "Q887114": "Alaungsithu or Sithu I (Burmese: \u1021\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u100a\u103a\u101e\u1030 [\u0294\u0259l\u00e1\u028a\u0270\u0303 s\u00ec\u00f0\u00f9]; also Cansu I; 1090\u20131167) was king of Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1112/13 to 1167. Sithu's reign was a prosperous one in which Pagan was an integral part of in-land and maritime trading networks. Sithu engaged in a massive building campaign throughout the kingdom, which included colonies, forts and outposts at strategic locations to strengthen the frontiers, ordination halls and pagodas for the support of religion, as well as reservoirs, dams and other land improvements to assist the farmers. He also introduced standardized weights and measures throughout the country to assist administration as well as trade. He presided over the beginning of a transition away from the Mon culture toward the expression of a distinctive Burman style.\nSithu is remembered a peripatetic king who traveled extensively throughout his realm, built monuments and nurtured Theravada Buddhism with acts of piety.", "Q439267": "Jack Scott (born Giovanni Domenico Scafone Jr.; January 24, 1936 \u2013 December 12, 2019) was a Canadian-American singer and songwriter. He was inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2011 and was called \"undeniably the greatest Canadian rock and roll singer of all time.\"", "Q265031": "Ren\u00e9e Ador\u00e9e Taylor (n\u00e9e Wexler; born March 19, 1933) is an American actress, screenwriter, playwright, producer and director. Taylor was nominated for an Academy Award for co-writing the screenplay for the film Lovers and Other Strangers (1970). She also played Sylvia Fine on the television sitcom The Nanny (1993\u20131999).", "Q607325": "Gay Talese (; born February 7, 1932) is an American writer. As a journalist for The New York Times and Esquire magazine during the 1960s, Talese helped to define contemporary literary journalism. Talese's most famous articles are about Joe DiMaggio and Frank Sinatra.", "Q60732823": "Itzy (Korean: \uc788\uc9c0) is a South Korean girl group formed by JYP Entertainment, consisting of members Yeji, Lia, Ryujin, Chaeryeong, and Yuna. The group debuted on February 11, 2019, with the release of their single album, It'z Different.", "Q253583": "Thomas Addis Jr. (July 27, 1881 \u2013 June 4, 1949) was a Scottish physician-scientist from Edinburgh who made important contributions to the understanding of how blood clots work. He was a pioneer in the field of nephrology, the branch of internal medicine that deals with diseases of the kidney. Addis described the pathogenesis of haemophilia in 1911 and was the first to demonstrate that normal plasma could correct the defect in haemophilia.\n\n", "Q91858": "Wilhelm Walloth (1854\u20131932) was a German writer.", "Q63416": "Maria G\u0142adkowska (born 16 September 1957 in Zielona G\u00f3ra) is a Polish film, stage, and television actress. She gained critical acclaim in the 1980s that culminated in her Zbigniew Cybulski Award (1988). She portrayed Daisy, Princess of Pless, her breakthrough performance, in Magnat (1987) - which was included in the list of 100 Best Polish Films of all time.", "Q3486599": "Peter Christian Frederik Faber (7 October 1810 in Copenhagen \u2013 25 April 1877) was a Danish telegraphy pioneer and song writer. In Denmark, he is remembered first and foremost for his songwriting. Faber was also an amateur photographer and is credited with the oldest photograph on record in Denmark.", "Q2547946": "Lonesome Dove is an American epic Western adventure television miniseries directed by Simon Wincer. It is a four-part adaptation of the 1985 novel of the same name by Larry McMurtry and is the first installment in the Lonesome Dove series. The novel was based upon a screenplay by Peter Bogdanovich and McMurtry, intended to star John Wayne, James Stewart and Henry Fonda, but the film was never made after John Ford advised Wayne against it. The eventual television miniseries stars Robert Duvall and Tommy Lee Jones. The series was originally broadcast by CBS from February 5 to 8, 1989, drawing a huge viewing audience, earning numerous awards, and reviving both the television western and the miniseries.\nAn estimated 26 million homes tuned in to watch Lonesome Dove, unusually high numbers for a Western at that time. The western genre was considered dead by most people, as was the miniseries. By the show's end, it had earned huge ratings and virtually revamped the entire 1989\u20131990 television season. A favorite with audiences, as well as critics, Lonesome Dove garnered many honors and awards. At the 1989 Emmy Awards, the miniseries had 18 nominations and seven wins, including one for director Simon Wincer. Lonesome Dove also won two Golden Globes, for Best Miniseries and Best Actor in a Miniseries (Robert Duvall).", "Q4398229": "The Russian state (\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, Rossiyskoye gosudarstvo) \u2014 is a state proclaimed by the Act of the Ufa State Conference of September 23, 1918 (the Constitution of the Provisional All-Russian Government) \u201con the formation of the all-Russian supreme power\u201d in the name of \u201crestoring state unity and independence of Russia\u201d affected by the revolutionary events of 1917, the establishment of Soviet power and the signing of the Soviet government of the treaty of Brest-Litovsk.", "Q67670": "Lumino is a municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q93097": "Charles Weill Rackoff is an American cryptologist. Born and raised in New York City, he attended MIT as both an undergraduate and graduate student, and earned a Ph.D. degree in Computer Science in 1974. He spent a year as a postdoctoral scholar at INRIA in France.\nRackoff currently works at the University of Toronto. His research interests are in computational complexity theory. For some time now he has been specializing in cryptography and security protocols. In 1988, he collaborated with Michael Luby in a widely cited analysis of the Feistel cipher construction (one important result shown there is the construction of a strongly pseudo random permutation generator from a pseudo random function generator). Rackoff was awarded the 1993 G\u00f6del Prize for his work on interactive proof systems and for being one of the co-inventors of zero-knowledge proofs. In 2011 he won the RSA Award for Excellence in Mathematics for his various contributions to cryptography.\nRackoff's controversial comments on the 2000 memorial for the victims of the Montreal Massacre were reported in the Canadian media.", "Q231460": "Molly Kathleen Ringwald (born February 18, 1968) is an American actress, singer, and author. She was cast in her first major role as Molly in the NBC sitcom The Facts of Life (1979\u201380) after a casting director saw her playing an orphan in a stage production of the musical Annie. She and several other members of the original Facts of Life cast were let go when the show was reworked by the network. She subsequently made her motion picture debut in the independent film Tempest (1982), which earned her a Golden Globe nomination for New Star of the Year. Ringwald is known for her collaborations with filmmaker John Hughes, having appeared in three of his films.\nAfter appearing in the successful Hughes films Sixteen Candles (1984), The Breakfast Club (1985), and Pretty in Pink (1986), Ringwald became a teen icon. She later starred in The Pick-up Artist (1987), Fresh Horses (1988) and For Keeps (1988). She starred in many films in the 1990s, most notably Something to Live for: The Alison Gertz Story (1992), The Stand (1994), and Some Folks Call It a Sling Blade (1994 short film - precursor to Sling Blade). \nRingwald is part of the \"Brat Pack\" and she was ranked number 1 on VH1's 100 Greatest Teen Stars. Since 2017, Ringwald has portrayed Mary Andrews on The CW television series Riverdale.", "Q68543": "Clarence Anicholas Clemons Jr. (January 11, 1942 \u2013 June 18, 2011), also known as The Big Man, was an American musician and actor. From 1972 until his death in 2011, he was the saxophonist for Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band.\nClemons released several solo albums. In 1985, he had a hit single with \"You're a Friend of Mine\", a duet with Jackson Browne. As a guest musician, he featured on Aretha Franklin's song \"Freeway of Love\". As an actor, Clemons appeared in several films, including New York, New York and Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure. He also made cameo appearances in several TV series, including Diff'rent Strokes, Nash Bridges, The Simpsons, My Wife and Kids, and The Wire. Together with his friend Don Reo, Clemons published Big Man: Real Life & Tall Tales (2009), a semi-fictional autobiography told in the third person. A documentary about his life directed by Nick Mead, entitled Clarence Clemons: Who Do I Think I Am?, was released in August 2019.Clemons suffered a stroke on June 12, 2011, and died of complications from it six days later at the age of 69. In 2014, he was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band.", "Q986578": "Harjavalta is a town and municipality of Finland.\nIt is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Satakunta region. The town has a population of 7,006 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 127.74 square kilometres (49.32 sq mi) of which 4.28 km2 (1.65 sq mi) is water. The population density is 56.75 inhabitants per square kilometre (147.0/sq mi).\nToday people in the town are employed in the copper and nickel smelting industries. Today's most used metal recovery method, the flash smelting method, was developed at Harjavalta and implemented in 1949. Originally part of Outokumpu, a Finnish company, the copper business is now owned by Boliden and the nickel business by Norilsk Nickel.\nHiittenharju is a valuable area for its archaeology and cultural history. You can visit the banks of the ancient Litorina Sea on the fringes of the ridge Hiittenharju and the graves of the Bronze Age, called barrows. In Hiittenharju there is also a historical route called Huovintie running through Harjavalta.\nThe river Kokem\u00e4enjoki river runs through the town.\nThe municipality is unilingually Finnish.", "Q162080": "Pope Felix IV (died 22 September 530) was the bishop of Rome from 12 July 526 to his death. He was the chosen candidate of Ostrogoth King Theodoric, who had imprisoned Felix's predecessor, John I.", "Q2871": "Hagen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ha\u02d0\u0261n\u0329] (listen)) is the 41st-largest city in Germany. The municipality is located in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is located on the south eastern edge of the Ruhr area, 15 km south of Dortmund, where the rivers Lenne and Volme (met by the river Ennepe) meet the river Ruhr. As of 31 December 2010, the population was 188,529.\nThe city is home to the FernUniversit\u00e4t Hagen, which is the only state funded distance education university in Germany. Counting more than 67,000 students (March 2010), it is the largest university in Germany.", "Q78750": "Eugen S\u00e4nger (22 September 1905 \u2013 10 February 1964) was an Austrian aerospace engineer best known for his contributions to lifting body and ramjet technology.", "Q333505": "Samuel Burl Kinison (; December 8, 1953 \u2013 April 10, 1992) was an American stand-up comedian and actor. A former Pentecostal preacher, he performed stand-up routines that were characterized by an intense style, similar to charismatic preachers, and punctuated by his distinct scream.", "Q432332": "Dorothy Fay (April 4, 1915 \u2013 November 5, 2003) was an American actress mainly known for her appearances in Western movies, including several with her husband-to-be Tex Ritter. She was the mother of John Ritter and paternal grandmother of Jason Ritter and Tyler Ritter.\n\n", "Q868": "Aristotle (; Greek: \u1f08\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 Aristot\u00e9l\u0113s, pronounced [aristot\u00e9l\u025b\u02d0s]; 384\u2013322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Lyceum, the Peripatetic school of philosophy, and the Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects. including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, esthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics, and government. Aristotle provided a complex synthesis of the various philosophies existing prior to him. It was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West and it continues to be a subject of contemporary philosophical discussion.\nLittle is known about his life. Aristotle was born in the city of Stagira in Northern Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip II of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC. He established a library in the Lyceum which helped him to produce many of his hundreds of books on papyrus scrolls. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues for publication, only around a third of his original output has survived, none of it intended for publication.Aristotle's views on physical science profoundly shaped medieval scholarship. Their influence extended from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages into the Renaissance, and were not replaced systematically until the Enlightenment and theories such as classical mechanics. Some of Aristotle's zoological observations found in his biology, such as on the hectocotyl (reproductive) arm of the octopus, were disbelieved until the 19th century. His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, studied by medieval scholars such as Peter Abelard and John Buridan. Aristotle's influence on logic also continued well into the 19th century.\nHe influenced Islamic thought during the Middle Ages, as well as Christian theology, especially the Neoplatonism of the Early Church and the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church. Aristotle was revered among medieval Muslim scholars as \"The First Teacher\" and among medieval Christians like Thomas Aquinas as simply \"The Philosopher\". His ethics, though always influential, gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics, such as in the thinking of Alasdair MacIntyre and Philippa Foot.", "Q251394": "Ricardo Arroyo Garc\u00eda (born November 28, 1950) is a Spanish actor, best known for his performance as Vicente Maroto on the Spanish television series La que se avecina, and as Higinio Heredia in Aqu\u00ed no hay quien viva.\n\n", "Q188459": "Goldie Jeanne Hawn (born November 21, 1945) is an American actress, producer, dancer and singer. She rose to fame on the NBC sketch comedy program Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In (1968\u201370), before going on to receive the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Cactus Flower (1969).\nHawn maintained bankable star status for more than three decades, while appearing in such films as There's a Girl in My Soup (1970), Butterflies Are Free (1972), The Sugarland Express (1974), Shampoo (1975), Foul Play (1978), Seems Like Old Times (1980), and Private Benjamin (1980), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for playing the title role.\nHawn's later work includes starring roles in the films Overboard (1987), Bird on a Wire (1990), Death Becomes Her (1992), Housesitter (1992), The First Wives Club (1996), The Out-of-Towners (1999) and The Banger Sisters (2002). After a fifteen-year hiatus from film acting, Hawn made a brief comeback in Snatched (2017). She is the mother of actors Oliver Hudson, Kate Hudson, and Wyatt Russell, and has been in a relationship with actor Kurt Russell since 1983. In 2003, she founded The Hawn Foundation, which helps underprivileged children.", "Q1347095": "Rickie Lee Skaggs (born July 18, 1954), known professionally as Ricky Skaggs, is an American country and bluegrass singer, musician, producer, and composer. He primarily plays mandolin; however, he also plays fiddle, guitar, mandocaster and banjo.\nSkaggs was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2016 and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2018.", "Q261531": "Kerry Lauren Fox (born 30 July 1966) is a New Zealand actress. She came to prominence playing author Janet Frame in the movie An Angel at My Table directed by Jane Campion, which gained her a Best Actress Award from the New Zealand Film and Television Awards.", "Q66208": "Frutigen is a municipality in the Bernese Oberland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district.", "Q102012": "Wolfgang Schreyer (20 November 1927 \u2013 14 November 2017) was a German writer of fiction, historic adventures mixed with documentary, science fiction for TV shows and movies and is best known as the author of over 20 adventure stories.", "Q464612": "Bai Ling (Chinese: \u767d\u7075, born October 10, 1966) is a Chinese-American actress known for her work in films such as The Crow, Red Corner, Crank: High Voltage, Three... Extremes, Wild Wild West, Anna and the King and Southland Tales, as well as TV shows including Entourage and Lost.", "Q305909": "Abbas Maroufi (Persian: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u200e, born May 17, 1957, in Tehran) is an Iranian novelist and journalist. His most famous novel is Symphony of the Dead.Raised and educated in Tehran, Abbas Maroufi studied dramatic arts at Tehran University while teaching at schools and writing for the newspapers. He served as the editor in chief of the literary Gardun magazine from 1990 to 1995. His first published work was a collection of short stories entitled Into the Sun. He also wrote a few plays which were performed on stage. In his The Last Superior Generation, he touched on social themes. His last collection of short stories, The Scent of the Jasmine was published in the United States.\nMaroufi came to prominence with the publication of Symphony of the Dead (1989) which is narrated in the form of a symphony. In this novel, Maroufi uses the stream of consciousness technique very effectively. The Year of Turmoil and The Body of Farhad are among his other works.\nMaroufi is currently living in Germany with his family. Some of his works have been translated into German. Abbas maroufi's other novels include : \"Fereydoon had three sons\", \"Completely Special\", \"Melted\". Maroufi's Books and style was heavily influenced by Iran's modernist writer ; \"Houshang Golshiri\" who was also his teacher. Maroufi currently resides in Germany where he has opened a book-store, He also holds writing classes and teaches students who show interest in writing and story-telling.", "Q216961": "Eurodance (sometimes known as Euro-NRG, Euro-electronica or Euro) is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in the late 1980s in Europe. It combines many elements of hip hop, techno, Hi-NRG, house music and Euro disco.This genre of music is heavily influenced by the use of rich melodic vocals, either exclusively by itself or inclusively with rapped verses. This, combined with cutting-edge synthesizers, strong bass rhythm and melodic hooks, establishes the core foundation of Eurodance music.", "Q372559": "Mario Lopez Jr. (born October 10, 1973) is an American actor and entertainment journalist. He has appeared on several television series, in films, and on Broadway. He is known for his portrayal of A.C. Slater on Saved by the Bell and Saved by the Bell: The College Years. He has appeared in numerous projects since, including the third season of Dancing with the Stars and as host for the syndicated entertainment news magazine show Extra. He has also hosted America's Best Dance Crew for MTV. In 2012, he co-hosted the second season of American version of The X Factor with Khlo\u00e9 Kardashian, and was the sole host for the third and final season.\n\n", "Q180763": "Michael Bell (1 October 1936 \u2013 20 May 2011) was an Irish Labour Party politician. Bell was first elected to D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann as a Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) for the Louth constituency at the November 1982 general election and retained his seat until losing it at the 2002 general election. He was a trade union official before entering politics. He served on Drogheda Corporation and Louth County Council and was mayor of Drogheda between 1983 and 1984. He died in May 2011.Bell served with the Local Defence Force (FC\u00c1) for 29 years, in which he completed a full-time stint on the Irish border between 1969 and 1970 during The Troubles as a senior NCO and had overseen the care of 1,100 Northern Irish refugees at Gormanston Camp in County Meath.", "Q236469": "Hilda Doolittle (September 10, 1886 \u2013 September 27, 1961) was an American poet, novelist, and memoirist, associated with the early 20th century avant-garde Imagist group of poets, including Ezra Pound and Richard Aldington. She published under the pen name H.D.\nHilda was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in 1886, and grew up just outside Philadelphia in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, and attended Bryn Mawr College. She moved to London in 1911, where she played a central role within the then emerging Imagist movement. Young and charismatic, she was championed by the modernist poet Ezra Pound, who was instrumental in building her career. From 1916\u201317, she acted as the literary editor of the Egoist journal, while her poetry appeared in the English Review and the Transatlantic Review. During World War I, H.D. suffered the death of her brother and the breakup of her marriage to the poet Richard Aldington, and these events weighed heavily on her later poetry. Imagist authority Glenn Hughes wrote that 'her loneliness cries out from her poems'. She had a deep interest in Ancient Greek literature, and her poetry often borrowed from Greek mythology and classical poets. Her work is noted for its incorporation of natural scenes and objects, which are often used to evoke a particular feeling or mood.\nShe befriended Sigmund Freud during the 1930s, and became his patient in order to understand and express her bisexuality, her residual war trauma, her writing, and her spiritual experiences. H.D. married once, and undertook a number of relationships with both men and women. She was unapologetic about her sexuality, and thus became an icon for both the LGBT rights and feminist movements when her poems, plays, letters and essays were rediscovered during the 1970s and 1980s.", "Q67116": "Losone is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q5878": "Gabriel Jos\u00e9 de la Concordia Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez (American Spanish: [\u0261a\u02c8\u03b2\u027ejel \u0263a\u027e\u02c8si.a \u02c8ma\u027ekes] (listen); 6 March 1927 \u2013 17 April 2014) was a Colombian novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter, and journalist, known affectionately as Gabo [\u02c8\u0261a\u03b2o] or Gabito [\u0261a\u02c8\u03b2ito] throughout Latin America. Considered one of the most significant authors of the 20th century, particularly in the Spanish language, he was awarded the 1972 Neustadt International Prize for Literature and the 1982 Nobel Prize in Literature. He pursued a self-directed education that resulted in leaving law school for a career in journalism. From early on he showed no inhibitions in his criticism of Colombian and foreign politics. In 1958 he married Mercedes Barcha; they had two sons, Rodrigo and Gonzalo.Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez started as a journalist and wrote many acclaimed non-fiction works and short stories, but is best known for his novels, such as One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967), The Autumn of the Patriarch (1975), and Love in the Time of Cholera (1985). His works have achieved significant critical acclaim and widespread commercial success, most notably for popularizing a literary style known as magic realism, which uses magical elements and events in otherwise ordinary and realistic situations. Some of his works are set in the fictional village of Macondo (mainly inspired by his birthplace, Aracataca), and most of them explore the theme of solitude.\nUpon Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez\u2019s death in April 2014, Juan Manuel Santos, the president of Colombia, called him \"the greatest Colombian who ever lived.\"", "Q4354637": "Warner Music Canada is the Canadian division of Warner Music Group. The label previously operated as WEA Canada, the Canadian subsidiary of WEA International, which later changed its name to Warner Music International in 1990. It was founded in 1967 as Warner Reprise Canada Ltd.", "Q68225": "Gustav Anton Zeuner (30 November 1828 \u2013 17 October 1907) was a German physicist, engineer and epistemologist, considered the founder of technical thermodynamics and of the Dresden School of Thermodynamics.\n\n", "Q434025": "Terri Kathleen Nunn (born June 26, 1961) is an American singer and actress. She is best known as the lead vocalist of the new wave/synthpop band Berlin.", "Q780538": "Ervin L\u00e1z\u00e1r (May 5, 1936 \u2013 December 22, 2006) was a Hungarian author. Although he wrote a novel (A feh\u00e9r tigris (The White Tiger), 1971) and a number of short stories, he is best known for his tales and stories for children.", "Q117379": "Jon Savage (born Jonathan Malcolm Sage; 2 September 1953 in Paddington, London) is an English writer, broadcaster and music journalist, best known for his history of the Sex Pistols and punk music, England's Dreaming, published in 1991.", "Q178966": "The Invention of Lying is a 2009 American speculative romantic comedy film written and directed by Ricky Gervais and Matthew Robinson (in their directorial debuts). The film stars Gervais as the first human with the ability to lie in a world where people can only tell the truth. The cast includes Jennifer Garner, Jonah Hill, Louis C.K., Rob Lowe, and Tina Fey. The film was released in the United States on October 2, 2009.", "Q640708": "Diana \u00c7uli, (born 13 April 1951, Tirana) is an Albanian writer, journalist and politician. She graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Tirana in 1973. After graduation she joined the editorial boards of Drita and French-speaking magazine Les lettres albanaises. In 1990, she became involved with the democratic opposition and became the head of the Independent Women's Forum, and then joined the Albanian Social Democratic Party.\nSince 2006, she has been a representative of Albania in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. In Albania, she works for women's rights, particularly those forced into prostitution. As of 2004 she was the chair of the Albania Women's Federation.At the end of the 1970s, she published her first short story Nd\u00ebrgjegja (Conscience). She has published eight novels, and is the author of screenplays for films such as Hije q\u00eb mbeten pas (1985), Rrethi i kujtes\u00ebs (1987),\nand Bregu i ashp\u00ebr (1988).", "Q1432645": "Phillips Academy Andover (also known as Andover or PA) is a co-educational university-preparatory school for boarding and day students in grades 9\u201312, along with a post-graduate (PG) year. The school is in Andover, Massachusetts, United States, 25 miles north of Boston. Phillips Academy has 1,150 students, and is a highly selective school, accepting 13% of applicants with a yield as high as 86% (in 2017). It is part of the Eight Schools Association and the Ten Schools Admissions Organization, as well as the G20 Schools Group.\nFounded in 1778, Andover is one of the oldest incorporated secondary schools in the United States. It has educated a long list of notable alumni through its history, including two American presidents, foreign heads of state, numerous members of Congress, five Nobel Prize laureates and six Medal of Honor recipients. It has been referred to by many contemporary sources as one of the most elite boarding schools in America.It turned coeducational in 1973, the year in which it merged with its neighbor girls school Abbot Academy.", "Q110416": "Ernst-Marcus Thomas (born March 23, 1973) is a German actor, TV host, radio DJ and writer. He is currently hosting the \"Afternoon show\" on WDR 4 in Germany.\nThomas has been standing in front of a camera mainly in live shows in Germany and Switzerland for the last 20 years; amongst others in the national entertainment show \"ZDF Fernsehgarten\". Prior to that, Thomas used to be the host of the daily TV cooking show \"ARD Buffet\" that airs Monday through Friday in Germany on the national TV channel ARD.\nHe studied drama and psychology at the University of Munich and finished his studies with a Master of Arts. Additionally he followed an education as a newspaper editor at \"Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung\".\nErnst-Marcus Thomas also works as a communication trainer. With his company Charismedia, Thomas trains CEOs and managers all over Europe and is - besides that - lecturer at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences and the ARD.ZDF.Media-Academy.\nIn 2015 Mr. Thomas published the best-selling nonfiction book \"Der perfekte Auftritt\" (The Perfect Performance) which covers the art of public speaking.\n2018/19, Thomas played a part in the action comedy The Spy Who Dumped Me starring Mila Kunis. The movie was partly filmed in Thomas' hometown Amsterdam.\n\"Relationship Tango. How we subconsciously sabotage love\" is the title of his latest book, a psychological essay, published in 2020. \n\n", "Q460474": "Anna Lee, MBE (born Joan Boniface Winnifrith; 2 January 1913 \u2013 14 May 2004) was a British-born American actress, labelled by studios \"The British Bombshell\".", "Q106274": "Legnica [l\u025b\u0261\u02c8\u0272it\u0361sa] (listen) (German: Liegnitz, Czech: Lehnice, Latin: Lignitium) is a city in southwestern Poland, in the central part of Lower Silesia, on the Kaczawa River (left tributary of the Oder) and the Czarna Woda. Between 1 June 1975 and 31 December 1998 Legnica was the capital of the Legnica Voivodeship. It is currently the seat of the county and since 1992 the city has been the seat of a Diocese. As of 2018, Legnica had a population of 99,752 inhabitants.The city was first referenced in chronicles dating from the year 1004, although previous settlements could be traced back to the 7th century. The name \"Legnica\" was mentioned in 1149 under High Duke of Poland Boles\u0142aw IV the Curly. Legnica was most likely the seat of Boles\u0142aw and it became the residence of the High Dukes that ruled the Duchy of Legnica from 1248 until 1675. Legnica is a city over which the Piast dynasty reigned the longest, for about 700 years, from the time of ruler Mieszko I of Poland after the creation of the Polish state in the 10th century, until 1675 and the death of the last Piast duke George William. Legnica is one of the historical burial sites of Polish monarchs and consorts.\nLegnica became renowned for the fierce battle that took place at Legnickie Pole near the city on 9 April 1241 during the first Mongol invasion of Poland. The Christian coalition under the command of the Polish Duke Henry II the Pious, supported by nobles, knights, and mercenaries, was decisively defeated by the Mongols. This, however, was a turning point in the war as the Mongols, having killed Henry II, halted their advance into Europe and retreated to Hungary through Moravia.During the High Middle Ages, Legnica was one of the most important cities of Central Europe, having a population of nearly 16,000 inhabitants. The city began to rapidly develop after the sudden discovery of gold in the Kaczawa River between Legnica and the town of Z\u0142otoryja. In 1675 it was incorporated into Habsburg ruled Kingdom of Bohemia. In 1742 the city was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after King Frederick the Great's victory over Austria in the War of the Austrian Succession. Subsequently, it was part of German Empire from 1871, and later Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany until the end of World War II, when majority of Lower Silesia east of the Neisse (Nysa), was transferred to Poland under border changes promulgated at the Potsdam Conference in 1945, when Poland was granted the Recovered Territories.\nLegnica is an economic, cultural and academic centre in Lower Silesia, together with Wroc\u0142aw. The city is renowned for its varied architecture, spanning from early medieval to modern period, and its preserved Old Town with the Piast Castle, one of the largest in Poland. According to the Foreign direct investment ranking (FDI) from 2016, Legnica is one of the most progressive high-income cities in the Silesian region.", "Q109147": "Sir Patrick Linton Allen (born 7 February 1951) is a Jamaican pastor who is the sixth and current governor-general of Jamaica.\nThe fourth of five children in a family of subsistence farmers, Allen spent over a decade as a teacher and principal, before leaving education to be trained as an Adventist minister at Andrews University in the United States. After becoming a pastor, Allen went on to serve in a number of leadership roles within the Seventh-day Adventist Church, eventually becoming the leader of the West Indies Union of Seventh-day Adventists, which had jurisdiction over Jamaica, The Bahamas, the Cayman Islands, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.\nAllen became Jamaica's sixth appointed governor-general (eighth overall, including two acting governors-general). He replaced Sir Kenneth O. Hall, who resigned for health reasons. Allen's appointment was controversial due to his strong ties to the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and because of concerns that he would be unable to attend functions on Saturdays due to his faith's strict observation of the sabbath. Allen resigned from his leadership of the West Indies Union prior to becoming governor-general, however.", "Q590787": "Alessandro Piperno (born March 25, 1972 in Rome) is an Italian writer and literary critic of Jewish descent, having a Jewish father and a Catholic mother.\nHe graduated in French Literature at the University of Rome, where he currently teaches and researches. In 2000, he published the controversial critical essay on Marcel Proust, inflammatorily entitled \"Proust antiebreo (Proust, Anti-Jew)\".\nIn 2005, he achieved notoriety with his first novel Con le peggiori intenzioni (translated as The Worst Intentions). Following general critical acclaim, and positive reviews on the Corriere della Sera (defining him the \"new Proust\"), his book became a bestseller in Italy (with 200,000 copies sold in a few months). For this book he won the Premio Campiello for best first novel. The book narrates the story of the Sonnino family spanning half a century, and especially the life of its youngest member, Daniel. Piperno's book attracted noticeable interest with the media, involving Piperno in a number of TV interviews and literary debates. His writing is described both as ironic and ironically self-referential, with a disenchanted view of society and life in general. His critics have emphasised Piperno's difficult storyline and its allegedly confused narration. He states his inspiration as coming from the great literature of the 19th century, as well as that of contemporary America. Besides Proust (naturally), he's been associated to Philip Roth.\nIn 2012, Piperno won the Premio Strega, Italy's leading literary award, for his novel Inseparabili (2012). It traces the lives of two brothers, Philip and Samuel Pontecorvo, after the painful death of their father Leo Pontecorvo. It is a sequel of Persecuzione published in 2010.\nPiperno studied guitar and has a strong interest in music. Until 2005, when he reached success as a writer, he was part of the Roman rock-blues Random as the solo guitarist and singer. He's also a fan of soccer team Lazio.", "Q357929": "Howard Eric Jacobson (born 25 August 1942) is a British novelist and journalist. He is known for writing comic novels that often revolve around the dilemmas of British Jewish characters. He is a Man Booker Prize winner.", "Q651605": "Walter, Knight Boeykens (January 6, 1938 \u2013 April 23, 2013) was a Belgian conductor and a world-renowned clarinetist. Boeykens' impressive discography, including several critically acclaimed performances, are testimony to his status as one of the most notable clarinetists of the 20th century. Boeykens remained active and was in concert frequently all around the world until his death in 2013.\n\n", "Q436632": "Erno Crisa (10 March 1924 \u2013 5 April 1968) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in 52 films between 1944 and 1968. His last film was the spaghetti western Sugar Colt.", "Q1342853": "Pizhou (Chinese: \u90b3\u5dde; pinyin: P\u012bzh\u014du) is a county-level city under the administration of Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China. As of 2006 it had a population of 163,000; it borders the Shandong prefecture-level cities of Linyi to the northeast and Zaozhuang to the northwest.", "Q115546": "Willi Ritschard (sometimes Willy Ritschard, 28 September 1918 \u2013 16 October 1983) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1974\u20131983).\nHe was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 5 December 1973 and died in office on 16 October 1983. He was affiliated with the Social Democratic Party. \nDuring his time in office he held the following departments:\n\nDepartment of Transport, Communications and Energy (1974\u20131979)\nFederal Department of Finance (1980\u20131983)He was President of the Confederation in 1978.", "Q124943": "The Kingdom of Egypt (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u200e, romanized: Al-Mamlaka Al-Mi\u1e63reyya) was the Egyptian state established under the Muhammad Ali dynasty in 1922 following the Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence by the United Kingdom. Until the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936, the Kingdom was only nominally independent, since the British retained control of foreign relations, communications, the military and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Between 1936 and 1952, the British continued to maintain military presence and political advisers, at a reduced level.\nThe legal status of Egypt had been highly convoluted, due to its de facto breakaway from the Ottoman Empire in 1805, its occupation by Britain in 1882, and its transformation into a sultanate and British protectorate in 1914. In line with the change in status from sultanate to kingdom, the Sultan of Egypt, Fuad I, saw his title changed to King of Egypt.\nThe kingdom's sovereignty was subject to severe limitations imposed by the British, who retained enormous control over Egyptian affairs, and whose military continued to occupy the country. Throughout the kingdom's existence, the Sudan was formally united with Egypt. However, actual Egyptian authority in the Sudan was largely nominal due to Britain's role as the dominant power in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.\nDuring the reign of King Fuad, the monarchy struggled with the Wafd Party, a broadly based nationalist political organization strongly opposed to British domination, and with the British themselves, who were determined to maintain control over the Suez Canal. Other political forces emerging in this period included the Communist Party (1925), and the Muslim Brotherhood (1928), which eventually became a potent political and religious force.\nKing Fuad died in 1936 and Farouk inherited the throne at the age of sixteen. Alarmed by the Kingdom of Italy's recent invasion of Abyssinia, he signed the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, requiring Britain to withdraw all troops from Egypt, except in the Suez Canal Zone (agreed to be evacuated by 1949).\nThe kingdom was plagued by corruption, and its citizens saw it as a puppet of the British. This, coupled with the defeat in the 1948\u20131949 Palestine War, led to the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 by the Free Officers Movement. Farouk abdicated in favour of his infant son Fuad II. In 1953 the monarchy was formally abolished and the Republic of Egypt was established. The legal status of Sudan was only resolved in 1954, when Egypt and Britain agreed that it should be granted independence in 1956.", "Q125485": "Giorgia W\u00fcrth (born 5 June 1981) is a Swiss-Italian television presenter and actress.", "Q749710": "Steven Arnold King (born May 28, 1949) is an American politician and former businessman, serving as a U.S. Representative from Iowa since 2003. A member of the Republican Party, he represented Iowa's 5th congressional district until 2013, when redistricting renumbered it the 4th. This district is in northwestern Iowa and includes Sioux City.\nBorn in 1949 in Storm Lake, Iowa, King attended Northwest Missouri State University from 1967 to 1970 and majored in biology and mathematics, leaving the school without graduating. He founded a construction company in 1975 and worked in business and environmental study before seeking the Republican nomination for a seat in the Iowa Senate in 1996. He won the primary and the general election, and was reelected in 2000. In 2002 King was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Iowa's 5th congressional district after the incumbent, Tom Latham, was reassigned to the 4th district after redistricting. He was reelected four times before the 2010 United States Census removed the 5th district and placed King in the 4th, which he has represented since 2013.\nKing is an opponent of immigration and multiculturalism, and has a long history of racist and anti-immigrant rhetoric and white-nationalist affiliations. The Washington Post described King as the \"Congressman most openly affiliated with white nationalism.\" King has spoken favorably of white supremacist ideas and made controversial statements against Jews, African Americans, Latinos and immigrants, and has supported European right-wing populist and far-right politicians accused of racism and Islamophobia.For much of King's congressional tenure, Republican Party politicians and officials were silent about his rhetoric, and frequently sought his endorsement and campaigned with him because of King's popularity with northwest Iowa's conservative voters. Shortly before the 2018 election, the National Republican Congressional Committee withdrew funding for King's reelection campaign and its chairman, Steve Stivers, condemned King's conduct, although Iowa's Republican senators and governor continued to endorse him. King was reelected, but after a January 2019 interview in which he questioned the negative connotations of the terms \"white nationalist\" and \"white supremacy\", he was widely condemned by both parties, the media and public figures, and the Republican Steering Committee removed him from all House committee assignments.", "Q241811": "Django (, JANG-goh) is a 1966 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed and co-written by Sergio Corbucci, starring Franco Nero (in his breakthrough role) as the title character alongside Loredana Nusciak, Jos\u00e9 B\u00f3dalo, \u00c1ngel \u00c1lvarez and Eduardo Fajardo. The film follows a Union soldier-turned-drifter and his companion, a mixed-race prostitute, who become embroiled in a bitter, destructive feud between a gang of Confederate Red Shirts and a band of Mexican revolutionaries. Intended to capitalize on and rival the success of Sergio Leone's A Fistful of Dollars, Corbucci's film is, like Leone's, considered to be a loose, unofficial adaptation of Akira Kurosawa's Yojimbo.The film earned a reputation as one of the most violent films ever made at the time, and was subsequently refused a certificate in the United Kingdom until 1993, when it was issued an 18 certificate (the film was downgraded to a 15 certificate in 2004). A commercial success upon release, Django has garnered a large cult following outside of Italy and is widely regarded as one of the best films of the Spaghetti Western genre, with the direction, Nero's performance, and Luis Bacalov's soundtrack most frequently being praised.\nAlthough the name is referenced in over 30 \"sequels\" from the time of the film's release until the early 1970s in an effort to capitalize on the success of the original, most of these films were unofficial, featuring neither Corbucci nor Nero. Nero reprised his role as Django in 1987's Django Strikes Again, the only official sequel produced with Corbucci's involvement. Nero also made a cameo appearance in Quentin Tarantino's 2012 film Django Unchained, as homage to Corbucci's original. John Sayles is working on a third official instalment in the film series, with Nero reprising his role.", "Q322346": "Der Postmeister (English: The Postmaster or The Stationmaster) is a 1940 Austrian-German film directed by Gustav Ucicky. Released during the Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact, it depicts Russians in a sympathetic light, unlike their depiction in such films as Frisians in Peril before or GPU after. It was based on The Station Master, a short story from The Belkin Tales series by Alexander Pushkin. It was remade in 1955 as Dunja. An earlier version was the French film Nostalgie (1938) with Harry Baur, directed by Victor Tourjansky.\nThe film's sets were designed by the art directors Kurt Herlth and Werner Schlichting. It was made in German-occupied Austria by the Wien Film company, and distributed by the UFA concern.\nAt the Venice Film Festival, Der Postmeister won the Mussolini Cup for best foreign film.", "Q452388": "Franz Joseph Strauss (26 February 1822 \u2013 31 May 1905) was a German musician. He was a composer, a virtuoso horn player and accomplished performer on the guitar, clarinet and viola. He was principal horn player of the Bavarian Court Opera for more than 40 years, a teacher at the Royal School of Music, Munich, and a conductor.\nStrauss is perhaps best known as the father of the composer Richard Strauss, on whose early musical development he was a great influence, steering his son to the classical and away from modern styles. As a composer, Strauss senior is remembered for his works for the horn. They include two concertos and numerous smaller works.", "Q706007": "Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee (August 26, 1921 \u2013 October 21, 2014) was an American newspaperman. He was the executive editor of The Washington Post from 1968 to 1991. He became a national figure during the presidency of Richard Nixon, when he challenged the federal government over the right to publish the Pentagon Papers and oversaw the publication of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein's stories documenting the Watergate scandal. At his death he held the title of vice president at-large of The Washington Post.\nHe was also an advocate for education and the study of history, including working for years as an active trustee on the boards of several major educational, historical, and archaeological research institutions.", "Q1453287": "Fredrik Ljungstr\u00f6m (16 June 1875 in Stockholm \u2013 18 February 1964 in Stockholm) was a Swedish engineer, technical designer, and industrialist.\nConsidered one of the foremost inventors of Sweden, Fredrik Ljungstr\u00f6m accounted for hundreds of technical patents alone and in collaboration with his brother Birger Ljungstr\u00f6m (1872\u20131948): from early bicycling free wheeling hubs techniques and mechanical automatic transmissions for vehicles, to steam turbines, air preheaters, and circular arc hulls for sailing boats. He co-founded companies such as The New Cycle Company, Ljungstr\u00f6m Steam Turbine Co. and Ljungstr\u00f6m Swedish Turbine Manufacturing Co. (STAL), and associated with other industrialists such as Alfred Nobel, Helge Palmcrantz, Gustaf de Laval, Curt Nicolin, and Gustaf Dal\u00e9n. As innovative as his ideas were in function, they also often turned out in terms of unconventional external design, such as his steam turbine locomotives and sailboats.\nDuring the resource scarcity of World War II, Fredrik Ljungstr\u00f6m's innovative technology for oil shale underground gasification by electrical energy, called the Ljungstr\u00f6m method, provided a strategical impact for the Swedish Armed Forces. In addition, Ljungstr\u00f6m's technology contributed to the first Swedish jet engine, torpedoes, and more.\nWith Fredrik Ljungstr\u00f6m's air preheater implemented in a large number of modern power stations around the world until this day with total attributed worldwide fuel savings estimated to 4,960,000,000 tons of oil, \"few inventions have been as successful in saving fuel as the Ljungstr\u00f6m Air Preheater\". In 1995, the Ljungstr\u00f6m air preheater was distinguished as the 44th International Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. His works are represented by the Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology, the Nordic Museum, and the Swedish Railway Museum, as well as internationally such as by the Science Museum in London, England and by Museo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci in Milan, Italy.", "Q118062": "Henri Alexandre de Catt (25 June 1725\u201323 November 1795), a Swiss scholar, was from 1758 the private secretary and close confidant of Frederick the Great of Prussia. He is often described as the king's \"reader\" (Vorleser), but in fact did not read anything out loud as such, but was engaged principally in correcting Frederick's pronunciation and written expression in French, his preferred language for general purposes. During this time de Catt kept a diary, which since its publication in 1885 has been the source of many episodes of Frederick's life and of things he said.", "Q55832": "Boles\u0142aw Bierut ([b\u0254\u02c8l\u025bswaf \u02c8b\u02b2\u025brut] (listen); 18 April 1892 \u2013 12 March 1956) was a Polish politician, communist activist and de facto dictator of Poland between 1947 and 1956. He was President of the State National Council from 1944 to 1947, President of Poland from 1947 to 1952, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party from 1948 to 1956 and temporarily Prime Minister of Poland from 1952 to 1954. Bierut, a self-taught man, with full knowledge and iron resolve aimed to implement the oppressive Stalinist system in Poland. However, together with W\u0142adys\u0142aw Gomu\u0142ka, his main rival, Bierut is chiefly responsible for the historic changes that Poland underwent in the aftermath of World War II. Unlike any of his communist successors, Bierut ruled Poland until his death.\nBorn in Congress Poland on the outskirts of Lublin, Bierut entered politics in 1912 by joining the Polish Socialist Party. Later he became a member of the Communist Party of Poland and spent some years in the Soviet Union, where he functioned as an agent of the Comintern, educated at the Soviet International Lenin School and similar institutions elsewhere in Europe. He was sentenced to a prison term in 1935 for conducting illegal labor activity in Poland by the anti-communist Sanation government, which likely saved him from Stalin's purges soon to be conducted in the Soviet Union. Having only attended an elementary school for several years before being expelled, he later developed an interest in economics and took some cooperative courses at the Warsaw School of Economics. He joined the cooperative movement in his youth. After his release from prison in 1938, he was employed as an accountant for Spo\u0142em until the outbreak of the war.\nDuring the war, Bierut was an activist of the newly-founded Polish Workers' Party (PPR) and subsequently the chairman of the State National Council (KRN), established by the PPR. As the Red Army pushed the Nazi Wehrmacht from eastern Poland, liberated Lublin was made the temporary headquarters of the Polish Committee of National Liberation at his initiative. Trusted by Joseph Stalin, Bierut participated in the Potsdam Conference, where he successfully lobbied for the establishment of Poland's western border at the Oder\u2013Neisse line. The conference thus granted Poland the post-German \"Recovered Territories\" at their maximum possible extent. \nAfter the 1947 Polish legislative election, marked by electoral fraud, Bierut was made the first post-war President of Poland. In 1952, the new Constitution of the Polish People's Republic (until then known as the Republic of Poland) abolished the position of president and a Marxist-Leninist government was officially imposed. Bierut supported the radical Stalinist policies as well as the systematic introduction of socialist realism in Poland. His regime was marked by a silent terror \u2013 he presided over the hunting down of armed opposition members and their eventual murder at the hands of the Ministry of Public Security (UB), including some former members of the Home Army. Under Bierut's supervision, the UB evolved into a notorious secret police which was, according to some sources, responsible for the execution of tens of thousands of political opponents or suspects, six thousand according to the Hoover Institution. As Poland's de facto leader, he resided in the Belweder Palace and headed the Polish United Workers' Party from the party headquarters at New World Street in central Warsaw, known as Dom Partii. He was also the chief proponent for the reconstruction of Warsaw (rebuilding of the historic district) and the erection of the Palace of Culture and Science.\nBoles\u0142aw Bierut died of a heart attack on 12 March 1956 in Moscow, after attending the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. His death was sudden and many theories arose questioning the circumstances in which he died. His body was brought back to Poland and buried with honours in a monumental tomb at the Pow\u0105zki Military Cemetery. \n\n", "Q946774": "Henryk Arctowski (15 July 1871 \u2013 21 February 1958; Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8x\u025bnr\u0268k art\u0361s\u02c8t\u0254fsk\u02b2i]), born Henryk Artzt, was a Polish scientist and explorer. Living in exile for a large part of his life, he was one of the first persons to winter in Antarctica and became an internationally renowned meteorologist. He was instrumental in restoring Polish independence after the First World War. Several geographical features, the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station and a medal of the National Academy of Sciences are named in his honor.", "Q87974": "Erich M\u00fcckenberger (1910 in Chemnitz \u2013 1998 in Berlin) was a German socialist politician. He began his political career in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He became a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) when the East German branches of SPD and the Communist Party of Germany merged after the Second World War. M\u00fcckenberger was one of the most high-ranking former Social Democrats in the German Democratic Republic and held several positions in the SED.", "Q1332344": "Elliott Randall (born 1947) is an American guitarist, best known for being a session musician with popular artists. Randall played the well-known guitar solos from Steely Dan's song \"Reelin' in the Years\" and Irene Cara's song \"Fame\". It was reported that Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page said Randall's solo on \"Reelin' in the Years\" is his favorite guitar solo of all-time. The solo was ranked as the 40th best guitar solo of all-time by the readers of Guitar World magazine and the eighth best guitar solo by Q4 Music.", "Q272203": "Sir George Ivan \"Van\" Morrison OBE (born 31 August 1945) is a Northern Irish singer-songwriter, instrumentalist and record producer. His professional career began as a teenager in the late 1950s, playing a variety of instruments including guitar, harmonica, keyboards and saxophone for various Irish showbands, covering the popular hits of that time. Van Morrison rose to prominence in the mid-1960s as the lead singer of the Northern Irish R&B band, Them, with whom he recorded the garage band classic \"Gloria\". His solo career began in 1967, under the pop-hit oriented guidance of Bert Berns with the release of the hit single \"Brown Eyed Girl\". After Berns's death, Warner Bros. Records bought out his contract and allowed him three sessions to record Astral Weeks (1968). Though this album gradually garnered high praise, it was initially a poor seller.\nMorrison has a reputation for being at once stubborn, idiosyncratic, and sublime. His live performances at their best are seen as transcendental and inspired; while some of his recordings, such as the studio albums Astral Weeks and Moondance, and the live album It's Too Late to Stop Now, are highly acclaimed.\nMoondance (1970) established Morrison as a major artist, and he built on his reputation throughout the 1970s with a series of acclaimed albums and live performances. He continues to record and tour, producing albums and live performances that sell well and are generally warmly received, sometimes collaborating with other artists, such as Georgie Fame and The Chieftains.\nMuch of Morrison's music is structured around the conventions of soul music and R&B, such as the popular singles \"Brown Eyed Girl\", \"Jackie Wilson Said (I'm in Heaven When You Smile)\", \"Domino\" and \"Wild Night\". An equal part of his catalogue consists of lengthy, loosely connected, spiritually inspired musical journeys that show the influence of Celtic tradition, jazz and stream-of-consciousness narrative, such as the album Astral Weeks and the lesser known Veedon Fleece and Common One. The two strains together are sometimes referred to as \"Celtic soul\". He has received two Grammy Awards, the 1994 Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music, the 2017 Americana Music Lifetime Achievement Award for Songwriting and has been inducted into both the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2016, he was knighted for services to the music industry and to tourism in Northern Ireland. He is known by the nickname Van the Man to his fans.", "Q62046": "Franz von Paula Schrank (21 August 1747, in Vornbach \u2013 22 December 1835) was a German priest, botanist and entomologist.\nHe was ordained as a priest in Vienna in 1784, gaining his doctorate in theology two years later. In 1786 he was named chair of mathematics and physics at the lyceum in Amberg, and in 1784 became a professor of botany and zoology at the University of Ingolstadt (later removed to Landshut). Schrank was the first director of the botanical gardens in Munich from 1809 to 1832.\nSchrank was the first author to use the genus name Triops, which he used in his work on the fauna of Bavaria in 1803.", "Q99592": "Adam Brand (born before 1692 - died 1746) was a German merchant and explorer. He was born in L\u00fcbeck and undertook several trading journeys to Moscow.In 1692 the czar Peter the Great entrusted Eberhard Isbrand Ides with a mission to the Kangxi Emperor of China.\nBrand accompanied him as secretary of the embassy. Ides and his mission, which consisted of more than 250 noblemen, advisors, merchants and soldiers, reached Beijing, the capital city of the Empire, in 1693 after 18 months of travel. The main achievement of the embassy was that the Russians were allowed to carry business in Beijing with a caravan of maximum 200 members every three years.In 1697 Brand was made court councillor and commercial councillor (Hofrath and Commerzienrath respectively (honorary titles bestowed by the Prussian state)). Although he had been chosen to act as Prussian envoy to Persia, the death of King Frederic I of Prussia in 1713 led to this project never being materialised.He then went to reside at K\u00f6nigsberg where he ended his days in 1746.", "Q467333": "Elaine Showalter (born January 21, 1941) is an American literary critic, feminist, and writer on cultural and social issues. She is one of the founders of feminist literary criticism in United States academia, developing the concept and practice of gynocritics, a term describing the study of \"women as writers\".\nBest known in academic and popular cultural fields, she has written and edited numerous books and articles focused on a variety of subjects, from feminist literary criticism to fashion, sometimes sparking widespread controversy, especially with her work on illnesses. Showalter has been a television critic for People magazine and a commentator on BBC radio and television. She is a recipient of the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism.", "Q371078": "Elisabeth Pinajeff (born Elizabeta Sergeyevna Pinayeva; Russian: \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430, 17 April 1900 \u2013 31 December 1995) was a Russian-German actress.", "Q311954": "Alexandre \"Sandro\" Rosell Feliu (Catalan pronunciation: [\u02c8sand\u027eu ru\u02c8ze\u028e]; born 6 March 1964) is a Spanish businessman. He was the president of FC Barcelona from 2010 to 2014. With an MBA degree from ESADE, Rosell is known for being the running mate and senior adviser of Joan Laporta during the presidential elections at FC Barcelona in 2003. In 2017, Rosell was jailed without bail as part of a money laundering investigation related to buying television rights for past matches of the Brazilian national team. On 24 April 2019, after a total of 643 days of pre-trial detention and with the provisional release of Rosell having been rejected on as much as 13 occasions, Spanish courts fully acquitted Rosell.", "Q7401897": "Menefrida is the 5th-century Cornish saint associated with the parish of St Minver, near the Camel estuary in Cornwall, England. Alternative spellings of her name include Menefreda, Menwreda, Menfre, Mynfreda and Minefreda. At the time of King Henry VIII the parish was known as St. Menifryde.Menefrida was one of the many children of the Welsh king Brychan, and has been referred to as a saint since at least 1256. William of Worcester records, Sancta Menefrida, virgo non martir, die 24 Novembris (\"Saint Menefrida, virgin, not a martyr, 24 November\"), which he copied from a calendar at Bodmin into the notes made during his travels around Britain during the late 15th century. Her feast day is July 24.The church dedicated to St. Menefrida in St Minver is a stone building in the Transitional Norman and Early English styles.", "Q43936": "William of Ockham (; also Occam, from Latin: Gulielmus Occamus; c. 1287 \u2013 1347) was an English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, and theologian, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. He is considered to be one of the major figures of medieval thought and was at the centre of the major intellectual and political controversies of the 14th century. He is commonly known for Occam's razor, the methodological principle that bears his name, and also produced significant works on logic, physics, and theology. In the Church of England, his day of commemoration is 10 April.", "Q111046": "Carl Berg (4 February 1851, L\u00fcdenscheid \u2013 26 May 1906, Bonn) was a German entrepreneur and airship builder.\nBerg came from a commercial iron-works family. His great grandfather founded a button-making factory on 1786 in L\u00fcdenscheid. In the following generations the factory developed into an important metal-working company. Among others it incorporated a brass works and an iron works in Eveking (today Werdohl). \nAfter his father's death Carl Berg, at the age of 20, took over the firm and expanded it further. Early on he recognised the opportunities in the electrical industries and delivered special wire for the Post to use for telegraph and telephone. Other non-ferrous metals were developed.\nBerg founded as subsidiaries the copperworks \"Deutschland\" in Berlin and \"\u00d6sterreich\" in Au\u00dfig (part of Cavertitz, in Bohemia). Above all he realised the advantages of aluminium as a light building material and his L\u00fcdenscheid firm became a pioneer of the aluminium industry. \nIn 1892 Berg delivered material to the airship constructor David Schwarz for his first aluminium rigid dirigible in Russia, 1892 to 1894, and also for Schwarz's second aluminium airship in Berlin, 1895 to 1897. Berg's firm constructed the framework and separate parts. After Schwarz's death, Carl Berg worked with the Schwarz's widow to complete construction of the second airship up to its partially successful test flight.By the end of 1897 Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin had discussed possible airship design with Berg, and together with Philipp Holzman in May 1898 they formed the joint stock company Gesellschaft zur F\u00f6rderung der Luftschiffart. Zeppelin contributed 800,000 Marks, almost half the capital. After building the first Zeppelin in a floating hangar on Lake Constance and executing three test flights, the shareholders were reluctant to invest more and the company was liquidated in 1900.\nBerg continued to provide materials for Zeppelin's airships.", "Q234530": "Baroness Emma Magdolna Roz\u00e1lia M\u00e1ria Jozefa Borb\u00e1la \"Emmuska\" Orczy de Orci (; 23 September 1865 \u2013 12 November 1947) was a Hungarian-born British novelist and playwright. She is best known for her series of novels featuring the Scarlet Pimpernel, the alter ego of Sir Percy Blakeney, a wealthy English fop who turns into a quick-thinking escape artist in order to save ill-fated French royalty from \"Madame Guillotine\" during the French revolution, establishing the \"hero with a secret identity\" into popular culture.Opening in London's West End on 5 January 1905, The Scarlet Pimpernel became a favourite of British audiences. Some of Orczy's paintings were exhibited at the Royal Academy in London. During World War I, she formed the Women of England's Active Service League, an unofficial organisation aimed at encouraging women to persuade men to volunteer for active service in the armed forces.", "Q1236136": "The University of Bari Aldo Moro (Italian: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro) is a higher education institution in Bari, Apulia, in Southern Italy.\nThe University of Bari was founded in 1925. It is a state-supported university which is divided into 12 faculties. Each faculty has its own set of departments that focus on the arts sciences, mathematics, social sciences, literature, medicine, law, and education.\nThe university offers various courses for undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate students. Aside from teaching, the university is also focused on scientific research at the doctorate level. The University of Bari research centres are highly-interactive, having connections among different departments, universities, and other research centres.\nThe University of Bari is one of the most prestigious universities in Southern Italy and it is one of the largest universities in Italy, with a student population of around 60,000.\nA recent name change refers to the statesman Aldo Moro (1916-1978), a student of law there until 1939 who then served as ordinary professor of philosophy of Law and Colonial Policy (1941) and of Criminal Law (1942).\nThe University has been awarded the following ranking positions:\nranked 359 by the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) (2016)\nranked 437 by the CWTS Leiden Ranking (2016)\nranked 401\u2013500, Times Higher Education (THE) World University Ranking (2016)\nranked over 500th position by Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) (2016)\nranked over 700th position by QS World University Rankings (2016)The University is one of the 48 Italian higher education institutions in the CWUR list of the top 1000 universities in the world for 2016. Moreover, it has been ranked between 151st and 200th in the world for Physics by Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) - Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2015).", "Q1895729": "Nur Ali Elahi (or Ostad Elahi var. N\u016br \u2018Al\u012b Il\u0101h\u012b, Nour Ali Elahi, Persian: \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc - \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc\u200e) (September 11, 1895 \u2013 October 19, 1974) was an Iranian philosopher, jurist and musician of Kurdish descent whose work investigated the metaphysical dimension of human beings.", "Q62720": "Felix von Hartmann (15 December 1851 \u2013 11 November 1919) was a German prelate, who was Archbishop of Cologne from 1912 to 1919.", "Q382696": "Thomas Kearns (April 11, 1862 \u2013 October 18, 1918) was an American mining, banking, railroad and newspaper magnate. He was a United States Senator from Utah from 1901 to 1905.", "Q534019": "D\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c (H\u00e1n t\u1ef1: \u80b2\u5fb7, IPA: [z\u00f9kp \u0257\u0268\u0301k]; born Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u01afng \u00c1i (1852 \u2013 6 October 1883), was Emperor of Vietnam for three days, from 20\u201323 July 1883. He was the fifth emperor of the Nguy\u1ec5n dynasty and father of Emperor Th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1i, who ruled from 1889 to 1907.", "Q264307": "Barney's Version is a 2010 Canadian comedy-drama film directed by Richard J. Lewis, based on the novel of the same name by Mordecai Richler. The film was nominated for the Golden Lion at the 67th Venice International Film Festival.", "Q130088": "Eugene Shalit (born March 25, 1926) is an American film and book critic. He filled those roles on NBC's The Today Show from January 15, 1973, after starting part-time in 1970, until his retirement on November 11, 2010. He is known for his frequent use of puns, his oversized handlebar moustache and fuzzy hair, and for wearing colorful bowties.", "Q1144518": "Great Barrington is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,104 at the 2010 census. Both a summer resort and home to Ski Butternut, Great Barrington includes the villages of Van Deusenville and Housatonic. It is the birthplace of W. E. B. Du Bois. In 2012, Smithsonian magazine ranked Great Barrington #1 in its list of \"The 20 Best Small Towns in America\".", "Q2039921": "Juan Antonio Samaranch Salisachs (born November 1, 1959) is the son of Juan Antonio i Samaranch (former president of the International Olympic Committee) and his late wife, Bibi Salisachs. He is married and has four children. He has a MBA degree from New York University and a degree in industrial engineering from Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Spain.\nIn 1986 he joined as an associate of The First Boston Corporation, in New York, until 1989. He was appointed that year to the vice-presidency, in the Corporate Finance area, at the English firm S.G. Warburg & Co. At the present, he is the CEO of GBS Finanzas, S.A. Before obtaining his MBA, he worked at International Flavors and Fragrances, as an accounting executive. He is fluent in English, Spanish, French, Italian and Catalan.\nHe is a member of the International Olympic Committee since 2001, representing Spain. He's also a member of the Spanish Olympic Committee and first vice-president of the International Modern Pentathlon Union since 1996.", "Q64351": "Wolfenschiessen is a village and municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland. Besides the village of Wolfenschiessen itself, the municipality includes the settlements of Altzellen, B\u00fcren ob dem Bach, D\u00f6rfli, and Oberrickenbach, together with a large area of high alpine land, mountains, lakes, and glaciers.", "Q35678": "Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 \u2013 March 13, 1901) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 23rd president of the United States from 1889 to 1893. He was a grandson of the ninth president, William Henry Harrison, creating the only grandfather\u2013grandson duo to have held the office. He was also a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a founding father who signed the United States Declaration of Independence.\nHarrison was born on a farm by the Ohio River and graduated from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. After moving to Indianapolis, Harrison established himself as a prominent local attorney, Presbyterian church leader, and politician in Indiana. During the American Civil War, he served in the Union Army as a colonel, and was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as a brevet brigadier general of volunteers in 1865. Harrison unsuccessfully ran for governor of Indiana in 1876. The Indiana General Assembly elected Harrison to a six-year term in the U.S. Senate, where he served from 1881 to 1887.\nA Republican, Harrison was elected to the presidency in 1888, defeating the Democratic incumbent, Grover Cleveland. Hallmarks of Harrison's administration included unprecedented economic legislation, including the McKinley Tariff, which imposed historic protective trade rates, and the Sherman Antitrust Act. Harrison also facilitated the creation of the national forest reserves through an amendment to the Land Revision Act of 1891. During his administration six western states were admitted to the Union. In addition, Harrison substantially strengthened and modernized the U.S. Navy and conducted an active foreign policy, but his proposals to secure federal education funding as well as voting rights enforcement for African Americans were unsuccessful.\nDue in large part to surplus revenues from the tariffs, federal spending reached one billion dollars for the first time during his term. The spending issue in part led to the defeat of the Republicans in the 1890 mid-term elections. Cleveland defeated Harrison for re-election in 1892, due to the growing unpopularity of the high tariff and high federal spending. Harrison returned to private life and his law practice in Indianapolis. In 1899 Harrison represented the Republic of Venezuela in their British Guiana boundary dispute against the United Kingdom. Harrison traveled to the court of Paris as part of the case and after a brief stay returned to Indianapolis. He died at his home in Indianapolis in 1901 of complications from influenza. Although many have praised Harrison's commitment to African Americans' voting rights, scholars and historians generally regard his administration as below-average, and rank him in the bottom half among U.S. presidents. Historians, however, have not questioned Harrison's commitment to personal and official integrity.", "Q232141": "The University of Chile (Spanish: Universidad de Chile) is a public university in Santiago, Chile. It was founded on November 19, 1842 and inaugurated on September 17, 1843. It is the oldest and the most prestigious in the country. It was established as the continuation of the former colonial Royal University of San Felipe (1738) (Spanish: Real Universidad de San Felipe), and has a rich history in academic, scientific and social outreach. The university seeks to solve national and regional issues and to contribute to the development of Chile. \nIt is recognized as one of the best universities Latin America for its leadership and innovation in science, technology, social sciences, and arts through the functions of creation, extension, teaching, and research.\nIts five campuses comprise more than 3.1 square kilometres (1.2 sq mi) of research buildings, health care centers, museums, theaters, observatories, and sports infrastructure. The institution has more than 40,000 undergraduate and graduate students, offering more than 60 different bachelor and professional degrees, 38 doctoral programs and 116 master programs.Notable alumni include Nobel laureates Pablo Neruda and Gabriela Mistral, and twenty Chilean presidents.", "Q469478": "Franco Maria Malfatti (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8fra\u014bko ma\u02c8ri\u02d0a mal\u02c8fatti] (listen); 13 June 1927 \u2013 10 December 1991) was an Italian politician who served as the 3rd President of the European Commission from 1970 to 1972. He served at Italian level as Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1979 to 1980 and Italian Minister of Education from 1973 to 1978.", "Q229207": "Amanda Tapping (born 28 August 1965) is a British-Canadian actress and director. She is best known for portraying Samantha Carter in the Canadian\u2013American military science fiction television series Stargate SG-1, Stargate Atlantis, and Stargate Universe. She also starred as Helen Magnus in the science fiction-fantasy television series Sanctuary.", "Q70324": "Alois (Aloys) Ritter von Brinz (25 February 1820, Weiler im Allg\u00e4u \u2013 13 September 1887, Munich) was a German jurist and politician.\nHe taught as a professor at the University of Erlangen, Charles University of Prague, University of T\u00fcbingen (1866-), University of Munich (1871-).\nHe was a researcher of Roman law.", "Q1392694": "John Cornelius Houbolt (April 10, 1919 \u2013 April 15, 2014) was an aerospace engineer credited with leading the team behind the lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR) mission mode, a concept that was used to successfully land humans on the Moon and return them to Earth. This flight path was first endorsed by Wernher von Braun in June 1961 and was chosen for Apollo program in early 1962. The critical decision to use LOR was viewed as vital to ensuring that Man reached the Moon by the end of the decade as proposed by President John F. Kennedy. In the process, LOR saved time and billions of dollars by efficiently using existing rocket technology.", "Q465242": "Elizabeth Hardwick (July 27, 1916 \u2013 December 2, 2007) was an American literary critic, novelist, and short story writer.", "Q506915": "Andrew Roachford (born 22 January 1965) is a British singer-songwriter and the main force behind the band Roachford, who scored their first success in 1989 with the hits \"Cuddly Toy\" and \"Family Man\". He has also had a successful solo career.\nHe was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to music.", "Q60137": "Eckhart Tolle ( EK-art TOL-\u0259; German: [\u02c8\u025bkha\u0281t \u02c8t\u0254l\u0259]; born Ulrich Leonard T\u00f6lle, February 16, 1948) is a spiritual teacher and best-selling author. He is a German-born resident of Canada best known as the author of The Power of Now and A New Earth: Awakening to Your Life's Purpose. In 2008, The New York Times called Tolle \"the most popular spiritual author in the United States\". In 2011, he was listed by Watkins Review as the most spiritually influential person in the world. Tolle is not identified with any particular religion, but he has been influenced by a wide range of spiritual works.Tolle said he was depressed for much of his life until age 29 when he underwent an \"inner transformation\". He then spent several years wandering \"in a state of deep bliss\" before becoming a spiritual teacher. He moved to Vancouver, British Columbia in 1995 and currently divides his time between Canada and California. He began writing his first book, The Power of Now, in 1997 and it reached The New York Times Best Seller list in 2000.The Power of Now and A New Earth sold an estimated three million and five million copies respectively in North America by 2009. In 2008, Tolle joined television talk show host Oprah Winfrey for 10 live webinars, and by October 2009 they had been accessed 35 million times. In 2016, Tolle was named in Oprah's SuperSoul 100 list of visionaries and influential leaders.", "Q85805": "Erwin Lanc (born May 17, 1930) is a former Austrian bank employee and politician (SP\u00d6, Austrian Social Democratic Party). \n\n", "Q463633": "American Buffalo is a 1996 drama film directed by Michael Corrente and starring Dustin Hoffman, Dennis Franz, and Sean Nelson, the only members of the cast. The film is based on David Mamet's 1975 play American Buffalo.\nThe film was produced by Gregory Mosher, who also directed the theatrical version of American Buffalo.", "Q76755": "Karl Ferdinand Gutzkow ((1811-03-17)17 March 1811 in Berlin \u2013 (1878-12-16)16 December 1878 in Sachsenhausen) was a German writer notable in the Young Germany movement of the mid-19th century.", "Q809077": "Barry McGuire (born October 15, 1935) is an American singer-songwriter. He is known for the hit song \"Eve of Destruction\", and later as a pioneering singer and songwriter of contemporary Christian music.", "Q237039": "Joseba Sarrionandia Uribelarrea (Iurreta, Biscay, April 13, 1958) is a Basque writer who has published a large number of books of poetry and short stories, as well as novels. He has been awarded on numerous occasions for his work, and is nowadays a respected literary personality in the Basque Country.\nIn the early 80s, he was member of the Basque separatist group ETA. In 1985 he escaped from prison and since then he lived underground for decades while continuing to create and publish. In November 2016, it was revealed that he lives in Cuba, where he holds a position as lecturer at the University of Havana.", "Q375578": "Libeled Lady is a 1936 screwball comedy film starring Jean Harlow, William Powell, Myrna Loy, and Spencer Tracy, written by George Oppenheimer, Howard Emmett Rogers, Wallace Sullivan, and Maurine Dallas Watkins, and directed by Jack Conway. This was the fifth of fourteen films in which Powell and Loy were teamed.\nLibeled Lady was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. The film was remade in 1946 as Easy to Wed with Esther Williams, Van Johnson, and Lucille Ball.", "Q57943": "Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria (German: Maria Anna Leopoldine Elisabeth Wilhelmine von Bayern; 27 January 1805 \u2013 13 September 1877) was Queen Consort of Saxony from 1836 to 1854.", "Q372217": "Lesley Blanch, MBE, FRSL (6 June 1904, London \u2013 7 May 2007, Garavan near Menton, France) was a British author, historian and traveller. She is best known for The Wilder Shores of Love, about Isabel Burton (who married the Arabist and explorer Richard), Jane Digby el-Mezrab (Lady Ellenborough, the society beauty who ended up living in the Syrian desert with a Bedouin chieftain), Aim\u00e9e du Buc de Riv\u00e9ry (a French convent girl captured by pirates and sent to the Sultan's harem in Istanbul), and Isabelle Eberhardt (a Swiss linguist who felt most comfortable in boy's clothes and lived among the Arabs in the Sahara).", "Q46696": "Theodosius I (Latin: Flavius Theodosius Augustus; Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u02b9; 11 January 347 \u2013 17 January 395), also known as Theodosius the Great, was a Roman Emperor from 379 to 395, and the last emperor to rule over both the Eastern and the Western halves of the Roman Empire. On accepting his elevation, he campaigned against Goths and other barbarians who had invaded the Empire. His resources were not sufficient to destroy them or drive them out, which had been Roman policy for centuries in dealing with invaders. By treaty, which followed his indecisive victory at the end of the Gothic War, they were established as foederati, autonomous allies of the Empire, south of the Danube, in Illyricum, within the Empire's borders. They were given lands and allowed to remain under their own leaders, a grave departure from Roman hegemonic ways. This turn away from traditional policies was accommodationist and had enormous consequences for the Western Empire from the beginning of the fifth century, as the Romans found themselves with the impossible task of defending the borders and dealing with unruly federates within. Theodosius I was obliged to fight two destructive civil wars, successively defeating the usurpers Magnus Maximus in 387\u2013388 and Eugenius in 394, though not without material cost to the power of the Empire.\nHe issued decrees that effectively made Nicene Christianity the official state church of the Roman Empire. He neither prevented nor punished the destruction of prominent Hellenistic temples of classical antiquity, including the Temple of Apollo in Delphi and the Serapeum in Alexandria. He dissolved the Order of the Vestal Virgins in Rome. In 393, he banned the pagan rituals of the Olympics in Ancient Greece. After his death, Theodosius's young sons Arcadius and Honorius inherited the east and west halves of the empire respectively, and the Roman Empire was never again re-united, though Eastern Roman emperors after Zeno would claim the united title after Julius Nepos's death in 480.\nTheodosius is considered a saint by the Armenian Apostolic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church, and his feast day is on January 17..", "Q69675": "Zollikofen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nIt is a suburb of the capital of Bern.\nIt is home to the Swiss College of Agriculture (SHL).", "Q435475": "Ethan Phillips (born February 8, 1955) is an American actor and playwright. He is best known for his television roles as Neelix on Star Trek: Voyager and PR man Pete Downey on Benson.", "Q66546": "Gottfried, 8th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (German: Gottfried Hermann Alfred Paul Maximilian Viktor F\u00fcrst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg; 24 March 1897 \u2013 11 May 1960) was the only surviving son of Ernst II, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.", "Q836287": "Jan Dost (born 1965) is a Syrian Kurdish poet, writer and translator. He has written several novels in Kurdish and Arabic and is one of the prolific Kurdish writers. He was born on 12th March 1965 in Koban\u00ee, Syria. Jan Dost is a recipient of the Galawej Award (a prize in Kurdish literature). Jan Dost has also translated several Kurdish and Persian works into the Arabic language, including Mem and Zin, one of the most famous Kurdish works, written by Ahmad Khani.", "Q1909500": "Matthew Gilbert \"Marty\" Mart\u00ednez (February 14, 1929 \u2013 October 15, 2011) was a Congressional representative who was both a member of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party from California's 30th congressional district from 1982 to 1993 and California's 31st congressional district from 1993 to 2001. Mart\u00ednez switched parties to become a Republican after being defeated in a 2000 primary.", "Q380095": "Christopher Peter Meloni (born April 2, 1961) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles as NYPD Detective Elliot Stabler on the NBC legal drama Law & Order: Special Victims Unit for its first twelve seasons and as inmate Chris Keller on the HBO prison drama Oz. In June 2012, he returned to HBO, as the vampire Roman on the main cast of True Blood for the series' fifth season. Meloni also starred in and executive produced the Syfy series Happy! from 2017 to 2019.\nHis films include Man of Steel, Wet Hot American Summer, Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle, 12 Monkeys, Runaway Bride, 42, and Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas.", "Q821937": "Berlins Most Wanted (shortly BMW) is a Berlin rap group founded by rappers Bushido, Bass Sultan Hengzt and King Orgasmus One. The date of the foundation is not clearly known, but the artists were represented together under the group's name on some albums, including King of KingZ (2001) by Bushido, and on King Orgasmus' albums Sexk\u00f6nig (1998) and Berlin bleibt hart (2002) (with Bass Sultan Hengzt).\nIn 2010, Bushido re-founded the group with Kay One and Fler. Bushido copyright the group's name by the German Patent and Trademark Office.\n\n", "Q133595": "Carmelo G\u00f3mez Celada (born 2 January 1962 in Sahag\u00fan, Le\u00f3n) is a Spanish actor. He was born and worked in the village of Sahag\u00fan until he moved for his acting studies to Salamanca. He is the recipient of two Goya Awards, for best supporting actor in El m\u00e9todo and best leading actor in D\u00edas contados.\nIn 2013, at the Gij\u00f3n International Film Festival, he received the Nacho Martinez award.", "Q29245": "Hastings is a seaside town and borough in East Sussex on the south coast of England,\n24 mi (39 km) east to the county town of Lewes and 53 mi (85 km) south east of London. The town gives its name to the Battle of Hastings, which took place 8 mi (13 km) to the north-west at Senlac Hill in 1066. It later became one of the medieval Cinque Ports. In the 19th century, it was a popular seaside resort, as the railway allowed tourists and visitors to reach the town. Today, Hastings is a fishing port with a beach-based fishing fleet. It had an estimated population of 92,855 in 2018.", "Q102990": "Holger Handtke (born 1968) is a German television actor.", "Q537504": "Charles Blacker Vignoles (31 May 1793 \u2013 17 November 1875) was an influential British railway engineer, and eponym of the Vignoles rail.", "Q784004": "Ambrose Evans-Pritchard (born 7 December 1957) is the international business editor of the Daily Telegraph.", "Q854": "Sri Lanka (UK: , US: (listen); Sinhala: \u0dc1\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd3 \u0dbd\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dcf \u015ar\u012b La\u1e43k\u0101; Tamil: \u0b87\u0bb2\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8 Ila\u1e45kai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean southwest of the Bay of Bengal and southeast of the Arabian Sea. It is geographically separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait. Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is its legislative capital, and Colombo its largest city and center of commerce.\nSri Lanka's documented history spans 3,000 years, with evidence of prehistoric human settlements dating back at least 125,000 years. It has a rich cultural heritage, and the first known Buddhist writings of Sri Lanka, the P\u0101li Canon, date back to the Fourth Buddhist council in 29 BC. Its geographic location and deep harbours made it of great strategic importance from the time of the ancient Silk Road through to the modern Maritime Silk Road. Its location as a major trading hub made it known to both the far East as well as the European continent from as far back as the Anuradhapura period. \nThe country's trade in luxury goods and spices attracted traders of many nations, creating Sri Lanka's diverse population. During a period of great political crisis the Portuguese, whose arrival in Sri Lanka was largely accidental, sought to control the island's maritime regions and its lucrative external trade. The Portuguese possessions were later taken over by the Dutch. The Dutch possessions were then taken by the British, who later extended their control over the whole island, colonising it from 1815 to 1948. Resistance to the British was immediate. A national movement for political independence arose in the early 20th century; and in 1948, Ceylon became a republic, and it adopted its current name in 1972. \nSri Lanka's recent history has been marred by a 26-year civil war, which ended decisively when the Sri Lanka Armed Forces defeated the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in 2009.Sri Lanka's current constitution stipulates it as a republic and unitary state governed by a semi-presidential system. It has had a long history of international engagement, as a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), and a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the G77, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Along with the Maldives, Sri Lanka is one of only two South Asian countries rated \"high\" on the Human Development Index (HDI), with its HDI rating and per capita income the highest among South Asian nations. The Sri Lankan constitution accords Buddhism the \"foremost place\", although it does not identify it as a state religion. Buddhism is given special privileges in the Sri Lankan constitution.Sri Lanka is home to many cultures, languages and ethnicities. The majority of the population are from the Sinhalese ethnicity, while a large minority of Tamils have also played an influential role in the island's history. Moors, Burghers, Malays, Chinese, and the indigenous Vedda are also established groups.", "Q257901": "Vija Artmane (August 21, 1929 in Kaive, S\u0113me parish \u2013 October 11, 2008 in Stren\u010di) was a Latvian theatre and cinema actress.", "Q211954": "Love Me No More (French: Deux jours \u00e0 tuer) is a 2008 French drama film directed by Jean Becker.", "Q1370605": "Edward Ray Sharpe (born February 8, 1938) is an American R&B and rockabilly singer, guitarist, and songwriter. Many of his recordings, including his best-known, \"Linda Lu\", are sometimes classed as rockabilly \u2013 he was described by one record producer as \"the greatest white-sounding black dude ever\".Born in Fort Worth, Texas, Sharpe grew up influenced by country as well as blues music. He learned guitar, influenced by Chuck Berry records, and in 1956 formed his own trio, Ray Sharpe and the Blues Whalers, with Raydell Reese (piano) and Cornelius Bell (drums), and they became popular playing rock and roll in Fort Worth clubs. His recording career started in Phoenix, Arizona in April 1958, when Lee Hazlewood produced his single, \"That's the Way I Feel\" / \"Oh, My Baby's Gone\".\nHis second record, \"Linda Lu\" / \"Monkey's Uncle\" \u2013 both sides written by Sharpe, produced by Hazlewood, and featuring Duane Eddy and Sharpe on guitar, Al Casey on rhythm guitar \u2013 was much more successful. Recorded in May 1959, it reached No. 46 on the Billboard Hot 100 that year. Following its success, Sharpe appeared on American Bandstand and toured with a Dick Clark rock and roll package that also included LaVern Baker, Duane Eddy and The Coasters. \"Linda Lu\" has subsequently been covered by many artists, including the Rolling Stones, The Kingsmen, Johnny Kidd and the Pirates, Flying Burrito Brothers, and Tom Jones.\nSubsequent single releases on a variety of record labels, including Hazlewood's own Trey label, were less successful. These included recordings made in 1966 with King Curtis, which featured Jimi Hendrix on guitar. However, Sharpe's songs have been recorded by acts ranging from Roy Head and the Traits to Neil Young and J. B. Hutto, and he has continued to release records, as well as performing regularly in the Fort Worth area.\n\n", "Q187756": "Fred Ewing Lewis (February 8, 1865 \u2013 June 27, 1949) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.\nFred Ewing Lewis was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania. He attended the Collegiate and Commercial Institute in New Haven, Connecticut, and Muhlenberg College in Allentown. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1888 and commenced practice of his profession in Allentown. He served as Mayor of Allentown in 1896 and 1902. He organized and was president of the Merchants\u2019 National Bank and was president of the Dime Savings & Trust Co. in Allentown.\nLewis was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-third Congress. After his time in Congress, he resumed the practice of his profession and also engaged in banking. He again served as Mayor of Allentown from 1932 to 1936. He died in Allentown. His interment is in Union-West End Cemetery.", "Q1676929": "Jacek Koman (born 15 August 1956) is a Polish Australian actor and singer.", "Q69661": "Rolf Hoppe (6 December 1930 \u2013 14 November 2018) was a prolific German stage, cinema, and television actor, who played in more than 400 films in a career which spanned over six decades. Known for Sardsch (1997), Orpheus in der Unterwelt (1974) and Goya - oder Der arge Weg der Erkenntnis (1971).To English-speaking audiences, as well as in several European countries where it has become an annual Holiday Classic, Hoppe is perhaps best known for his r\u00f4le as the King in the 1973 East-German \u2013 Czechoslovakian co-production: Three Gifts for Cinderella (the title used for its UK d\u00e9but), or Three Nuts for Cinderella (the title used for its US d\u00e9but); also known as Three Wishes for Cinderella in various subsequent releases in the English-speaking world. (The original German title is: Drei Haseln\u00fcsse f\u00fcr Aschenbr\u00f6del, and the original Czech title is: T\u0159i o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ky pro Popelku).\n\n", "Q66552": "Oberiberg is a village and municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. The municipality comprises the village of Oberiberg and the hamlet and ski area of Hoch-Ybrig.", "Q203388": "One Eight Seven (also known and abbreviated as 187) is a 1997 American crime drama film directed by Kevin Reynolds. It was the first top-billed starring role for Samuel L. Jackson, who plays a Los Angeles teacher caught with gang trouble in an urban high school. The film's name comes from the California Penal Code Section 187, which defines murder.\nThe original screenplay was written in 1995 by Scott Yagemann, a Los Angeles area high school substitute teacher with seven years of tenure. He wrote the screenplay after an incident when a violent transfer student had threatened to kill him and his family. Yagemann reported the threat to the authorities and the student was arrested. About a week later, he was called by the district attorney to testify against the student in a court of law, where the student was being prosecuted for stabbing a teacher's aide a year before. This annoyed Yagemann, who had not been told about it beforehand, and led to him writing the screenplay. He claimed that 90% of the film's material is based on incidents that had happened to him and other teachers in real life.", "Q984353": "Donald Thomas Scholz (born March 10, 1947) is an American rock musician, songwriter, inventor, engineer, and philanthropist, best known as the founder and only continuous original member of the band Boston. \nHe came into the recording industry in an unusual way; as an MIT-trained engineer interested in music, he had designed his own recording studio in an apartment building basement to record his own music. The first Boston album was mostly recorded in this basement studio, often using devices he designed and invented himself. After the initial success of the band, he founded Scholz Research & Development, Inc. to develop and market his own inventions, many under the Rockman brand. He has been described by AllMusic as \"a notoriously 'un-rock n' roll' figure who never enjoyed the limelight of being a performer,\" preferring to concentrate almost exclusively on music, production, and inventing new electronic equipment. In more recent years, he has spent much of his money and time working on charitable work.", "Q62734": "Fritz Adam Hermann von Opel (4 May 1899 \u2013 8 April 1971), known as Fritz Adam Hermann Opel until his father was ennobled in 1917, was the only son of Wilhelm von Opel and a grandson of Adam Opel, founder of the Opel company. He is remembered mostly for his spectacular demonstrations of rocket propulsion that earned him the nickname \"Rocket Fritz\".", "Q55198": "Alexander Petrovich Dovzhenko or Oleksander Petrovych Dovzhenko (Ukrainian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, Oleksandr Petrovych Dovzhenko; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e, Aleksandr Petrovich Dovzhenko; September 10 [O.S. August 29] 1894 \u2013 November 25, 1956), \nwas a Soviet screenwriter, film producer and director. \nHe is often cited as one of the most important early Soviet filmmakers, alongside Sergei Eisenstein, Dziga Vertov, and Vsevolod Pudovkin, as well as being a pioneer of Soviet montage theory.", "Q660382": "Hinwil District is one of the twelve districts of the German-speaking canton of Zurich, Switzerland. It lies to the southeast of the canton, bordering the adjacent St. Gallen. Hinwil has a population of 95,711 (as of 31 December 2018); its capital is the town of Hinwil, located at the centre of the district.\nIt was formed in 1831, when the administrative seat was moved to Hinwil from Gr\u00fcningen. The district was known as Oberamt Gr\u00fcningen from 1815\u20131831, which continued the historical bailiwick of Gr\u00fcningen (1408\u20131798).", "Q107630": "Christiane Schmidtmer (24 December 1939 \u2013 13 March 2003) was a German actress, fashion model, nude model and memoirist.", "Q139906": "Zack Ward (born August 31, 1970) is a Canadian character actor.", "Q834484": "Dai Xianglong (simplified Chinese: \u6234\u76f8\u9f99; traditional Chinese: \u6234\u76f8\u9f8d; pinyin: D\u00e0i Xi\u00e0ngl\u00f3ng; born 1 October 1944) is a Chinese politician. He is the former governor of the People's Bank of China, and the former mayor of Tianjin. He currently serves as the president and Communist Party of China (CPC) party chief of the National Council for Social Security Fund.", "Q982722": "Kenneth Kendall (7 August 1924 \u2013 14 December 2012) was a British broadcaster. He worked for many years as a newsreader for the BBC, where he was a contemporary of fellow newsreaders Richard Baker and Robert Dougall. He is also remembered as the host of the Channel 4 game show Treasure Hunt, which ran between 1982 and 1989, as well as the host of \"The World Tonight\" in the 1968 science fiction film 2001: A Space Odyssey.", "Q1153070": "DFA Records is an American independent record label founded in 2001 by Mo' Wax co-founder Tim Goldsworthy, musician James Murphy, and manager Jonathan Galkin. They previously had a production team called The DFA, consisting of Goldsworthy and Murphy.", "Q1686370": "Jeffrey Scot Tweedy (born August 25, 1967) is an American songwriter, musician, and record producer best known as the singer and guitarist of the band Wilco. Tweedy, originally from Belleville, Illinois, started his music career in high school in his band The Plebes with Jay Farrar, which subsequently transitioned into the alternative country band Uncle Tupelo. After Uncle Tupelo broke up Tweedy formed Wilco which found critical and commercial success, most notably with Yankee Hotel Foxtrot and A Ghost Is Born, the latter of which received a Grammy for Best Alternative Album in 2005. \nAcross Tweedy's career he has released 18 studio albums, including four with Uncle Tupelo, ten with Wilco, one with his son Spencer, a solo acoustic album, two solo studio albums, along with numerous collaborations with other musicians, most notably Mermaid Avenue with Billy Bragg. On November 30, 2018 Jeff Tweedy released Warm, his first solo album of new material. Warmer, a companion album to Warm, was released on April 13, 2019.In November 2018, Tweedy released his first memoir, Let's Go (So We Can Get Back).", "Q1282487": "Ignacio \"Nacio\" Herb Brown (February 22, 1896 \u2013 September 28, 1964) was an American writer of popular songs, movie scores, and Broadway theatre music in the 1920s through the early 1950s.", "Q797078": "The New York University Tisch School of the Arts (commonly referred to as Tisch) is the performing, cinematic and media arts school of New York University, and is among the most competitive film schools in the world to enroll in. With many famous alumni having gone to work in the American film industry, Broadway theatre, and in entertainment industries around the world, Tisch is typically ranked among the top American film schools, as such with yearly consistency in notable industry publications such as THR and Variety, and is often considered as one of the top film and theater schools in the United States and the world.Founded on August 17, 1965, Tisch is a training ground for artists, scholars of the arts, and filmmakers; the school merges the technical training of a professional school with the academic resources of a major research university to immerse students in their intended artistic disciplines. The school is divided into three Institutes: Performing Arts, Emerging Media, and the Kanbar Institute of Film & Television. Many undergraduate and graduate disciplines are available for students, including: acting, dance, drama, performance studies, design for stage and film, musical theatre writing, photography record producing, game design and development, and film and television studies.The school also offers an inter-disciplinary \"collaborative arts\" program, high school programs, continuing education in the arts for the general public, as well as the Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music, which teaches entrepreneurial strategies in the music recording industry. A dual MFA/MBA graduate program is also offered, allowing students to take coursework at both Tisch and NYU's Stern School of Business. It is located at 721 Broadway (the intersection of Broadway St. and Waverly Place), adjacent to the University's Department of Philosophy building and the Gallatin School of Individualized Study, in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan, New York City. In 2013, NYU opened a new technology hub on its Brooklyn campus called the Media and Games Network (MAGNET). Located at 2 MetroTech Center and, beginning in 2019, 370 Jay Street, MAGNET houses three Tisch programs: the Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music, the Interactive Telecommunications/Interactive Media Arts programs (ITP & IMA), and the Game Center; these programs work in collaboration with departments in media technology from NYU's Tandon School of Engineering and Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development.As of 2017, the school had more than 25,000 alumni working in the arts and related professions, and has more alumni in Broadway theatre than any other school for theater in the United States. Also in 2017 alone, six members of the Tisch alumni community were nominated for an Oscar. Over the past 10 Student Academy Award ceremonies, it is one of only two US schools to have double-digit wins.", "Q100639": "Charles Conrad Schneider (German: 'Carl Conrad Schneider'; April 24, 1843 \u2013 January 8, 1916), often referred to as C. C. Schneider, was an American civil engineer and bridge designer.", "Q2465271": "Najeeb \"Jeeb\" Elias Halaby, Jr. (Arabic: \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a\u200e; November 19, 1915 \u2013 July 2, 2003) was an American businessman, government official, celebrated aviator, and the father of Queen Noor of Jordan. He is known for making the first transcontinental jet flight in U.S. history and served as CEO and chairman of Pan American World Airways from 1969 to 1972.", "Q117345": "Barbara Euphan Todd (9 January 1890 \u2013 2 February 1976) was an English writer widely remembered for her ten books for children about a scarecrow called Worzel Gummidge. These were adapted for radio and television. The title story was chosen as the first in the new publisher's series Puffin Books.\n\n", "Q12117228": "Vadim Evgenievich Lashkaryov (October 7, 1903 \u2013 December 1, 1974), a prominent Soviet experimental physicist, was born in Kiev, currently the capital of Ukraine, to a family of a lawyer. He was an Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and is known for his fundamental contributions to physics of semiconductors.", "Q1353962": "Mario Mendell Winans (born Mario Mendell Brown) is an American singer, record producer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist best known for his 2004 song \"I Don't Wanna Know\", which reached number 2 in the United States and number 1 in the United Kingdom. Winans also won a Grammy Award for Best Gospel Performance for co-writing CeCe Winans's song \"Pray\".", "Q25319": "Aarhus (, also US: , Danish: [\u02c8\u0252\u02d0\u02cchu\u02c0s] (listen); officially spelled \u00c5rhus from 1948 until 1 January 2011) is the second-largest city in Denmark and the seat of Aarhus municipality. It is located on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula, in the geographical centre of Denmark, 187 kilometres (116 mi) northwest of Copenhagen and 289 kilometres (180 mi) north of Hamburg, Germany. The inner urban area contains 273,077 inhabitants (as of 1 January 2018) and the municipal population is 340,421 (as of 2018). Aarhus is the central city in Business Region Aarhus and in the East Jutland metropolitan area, which had a total population of 1.378 million in 2016.The history of Aarhus began as a fortified Viking settlement founded in the 8th century and with the first written records stemming from the bishopric seated here from at least 948. The city was founded on the northern shores of a fjord at a natural harbour and the primary driver of growth was for centuries seaborne trade in agricultural products. Market town privileges were granted in 1441, but growth stagnated in the 17th century as the city suffered blockades and bombardments during the Swedish Wars. In the 19th century it was occupied twice by German troops during the Schleswig Wars but avoided destruction. As the industrial revolution took hold, the city grew to become the second-largest in the country by the 20th century.\nToday, Aarhus is at the cultural and economic core of the region and the largest centre for trade, services, industry, and tourism in Jutland. The city ranks as the 92nd largest city in the European Union, and as number 234 among world cities. It is also a top 100 conference city in the world. Aarhus is the principal industrial port of the country in terms of container handling and an important trade hub in Kattegat. Major Danish companies have based their headquarters here and people commute for work and leisure from a wide area in Region Midtjylland. It is a centre for research and education in the Nordic countries and home to Aarhus University, Scandinavia's largest university, including Aarhus University Hospital and INCUBA Science Park. Being the Danish city with the youngest demographics, with 48,482 inhabitants aged under 18, Aarhus is also the second fastest growing Danish city, with an average growth of 4,500 people per annum since 2008.Aarhus is known for its musical history. In the 1950s, many jazz clubs sprang up around the city, fuelled by the young population. By the 1960s, the music scene diversified into rock and other genres. In the 1970s and 1980s, Aarhus became the centre for Denmark's rock music, fostering many iconic bands such as Klich\u00e9, TV-2 and Gnags. Aarhus is home to the annual eight-day Aarhus Jazz Festival, the SPoT Festival, and the NorthSide Festival.\nIn 2017, Aarhus was European Capital of Culture along with Paphos in Cyprus.", "Q330756": "The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (TDFR; \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 (\u0417\u041a\u0414\u0424\u0420); Zakavkazskaya Demokraticheskaya Federativnaya Respublika (ZKDFR); April 22 \u2013 May 28, 1918), also known as the Transcaucasian Federation, was a short-lived South Caucasian state extending across what are now the modern-day countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, plus parts of Eastern Turkey as well as Russian border areas. The state only lasted for a month before Georgia declared independence, followed shortly by Azerbaijan and Armenia.", "Q62052": "J\u00fcrgen Peter Vogel (German pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u028f\u0281\u0261n\u0329 \u02c8pe\u02d0t\u0250 \u02c8fo\u02d0\u0261l\u0329]; born 29 April 1968, in Hamburg) is a German actor, screenwriter, film producer and singer. One of the most successful character actors in German cinema, he first broke out in 1992 with his role in Little Sharks.", "Q522109": "Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology (Polish: Politechnika Wroc\u0142awska, founded as German: Technische Hochschule Breslau) is a technological university in Wroc\u0142aw Poland. With buildings and infrastructures dispersed throughout the city, its main facilities are gathered at a central location near Plac Grunwaldzki, alongside the Oder river. It operates three regional branches in Jelenia G\u00f3ra, Legnica, and Wa\u0142brzych. Huffington Post UK named Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology in the top 15 Of The World\u2019s Most Beautiful Universities Rankings.", "Q23768": "Las Vegas (Spanish for \"The Meadows\"), officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas, is the 28th-most populated city in the United States, the most populated city in the state of Nevada, and the county seat of Clark County. The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert. Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city, known primarily for its gambling, shopping, fine dining, entertainment, and nightlife. The Las Vegas Valley as a whole serves as the leading financial, commercial, and cultural center for Nevada.\nThe city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World, and is famous for its mega casino-hotels and associated activities. It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry, claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any other city in the world. Today, Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world's most visited tourist destinations. The city's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of \"Sin City\", and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature, films, television programs, and music videos.\nLas Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911. At the close of the 20th century, it was the most populated American city founded within that century (a similar distinction was earned by Chicago in the 19th century). Population growth has accelerated since the 1960s, and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled, increasing by 85.2%. Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century, and according to estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau, the city had 648,224 residents in 2018, with a metropolitan population of 2,227,053.As with most major metropolitan areas, the name of the primary city (\"Las Vegas\" in this case) is often used to describe areas beyond official city limits. In the case of Las Vegas, this especially applies to the areas on and near the Las Vegas Strip, which is actually located within the unincorporated communities of Paradise and Winchester.\n\n", "Q101527": "Markus Lotter (born 28 September 1970) is a German football coach and a former player. He spent one season in the Bundesliga with FC St. Pauli.At the moment, he lives in Berlin and works as a journalist.", "Q1942717": "Mohammed al Fassi (1952 \u2013 Dec. 24, 2002), at times referred to as Prince al Fassi, was a Moroccan/Saudi businessman related by marriage to the Saudi royal family. His sister was married to PrinceTurki bin Abdul Aziz, one of the brothers of Saudi King Fahd al Saud.Al Fassi's notoriety stems largely from his 1978 purchase (for $2.4 million in cash) of the 38-room white-stucco Whittier Mansion on Sunset Blvd., Beverly Hills, which, soon after its acquisition, he had painted an unpopular shade of green. He further decorated the grounds of his new home by having the publicly visible statuary around the property painted in flesh tones, with pubic hair also colorfully painted, raising the ire of many of his neighbors. In 1979 the mansion was used as a filming location for The Jerk starring Steve Martin. Within two years of its purchase, just after midnight on 1/2/81, the house was completely destroyed by a fire which was set by individuals burglarizing the house. The crowd that gathered to watch the spectacular fire, was characterized by amazement at how the inside wood, under the copper roof installed by the so-called Sheik, did not allow the Beverly Hills Firefighters to enter from above. Afterward, when the fire was put down, the mansion was gutted. No one there cheered but may have been relieved that the awful edifice, which had exerted such a poor, kitch influence on the other owners of the nearby homes along Sunset Boulevard, was gone. Eventually in 2010, the home was replaced by two new homes, reflecting the other attractive homes in the area.Al Fassi soon relocated to Miami, joining other members of the Saudi royal family already there, and already provoking notoriety with helicopter commuting and large and unusual charitable contributions. Among his exploits there were disputes over fencing he erected on city property, the hiring of city police officers to serve as security guards, a lawsuit from a contractor for unpaid bills, and a dust-up over a proposed Big Ben-style clock to be built on Star Island in Biscayne Bay.Al Fassi had mixed success as an animal lover; he was known to have adopted scores of stray cats, and to have purchased live birds, fish, and even lobsters in order to set them free, but he was also charged with animal cruelty when investigators from the Greater Miami Humane Society found evidence of neglect.In 1991 Al Fassi was arrested in Jordan and hastily extradited to Saudi Arabia, where he was held without charges until his release to house arrest. His arrest stemmed from his having taken the side of Iraq in the Persian Gulf War. He made broadcasts from Baghdad denouncing Saudi Arabia for its participation in the war, for its human rights policies, and calling for democracy.Al Fassi died Dec. 24, 2002 in Cairo. According to Marvin Mitchelson, the divorce lawyer for his first wife, Sheika Dena al Fassi, he died of an infected hernia, and was survived by four grown children.", "Q69107": "D\u00f6rflingen is a village and a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. It borders a short strip of the north shore of the Rhine.", "Q531613": "Angel Dust (originally Angeldust) are a German heavy metal band. Initially active from 1984 to 1990 as speed and thrash metal band, they dropped their thrash roots in favor of a power/progressive metal sound upon reforming in 1998.\n\n", "Q66234": "Innerthal is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.", "Q51498": "Robert Siodmak (; 8 August 1900 \u2013 10 March 1973) was a German film director who also worked in the United States. He is best remembered as a thriller specialist and for a series of stylish, unpretentious Hollywood films noirs he made in the 1940s, such as The Killers (1946).\n\n", "Q1108074": "The Colegio de San Juan de Letran (CSJL) is a private Roman Catholic Dominican institution of higher learning located in Intramuros, Manila, in the Philippines. The college was founded in 1620. Colegio de San Juan de Letran has the distinction of being the oldest college in the Philippines and the oldest secondary institution in Asia. It is owned and administered by the friars of the Order of Preachers (Dominicans) of the Philippine Dominican Province. The school has produced Philippine presidents, revolutionary heroes, poets, legislators, members of the clergy, jurists, and it is also one of the only Philippine schools that has produced several Catholic saints who lived and studied on its campus. The school's patron saint is St. John the Baptist. The campus contains two statues, representing the two foremost alumni in the fields of secular and religious service: former Philippine President Manuel L. Quezon and Vietnamese Saint Vicente Liem de la Paz.\nLetran has programs in Business, Management, Marketing, Entrepreneurship, Information Technology, Digital Arts, Communication Arts, Accountancy, Engineering. The colleges are divided into six departments: College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (CLAS), College of Business Administration and Accountancy (CBAA), College of Education (CoEd), Institute of Communication (iCOMM), Institute of Information Technology (iIT), College of Engineering (CoE). The Colegio has successful athletic programs, particularly in basketball, football (soccer), volleyball, taekwondo, and tennis. Through the years Letran has produced numerous athletes that have donned the national colors (especially in basketball) in international events like the Olympics, Asian Games, Southeast Asian Games, Jones Cup, and FIBA World Championship. Letran is a long-time member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association.\nThe Colegio was given Level 3 accreditation by the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities in the Elementary department, the highest possible level for basic education; Level 2 for the High School department, the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (CLAS), and the College of Business Administration and Accountancy (CBAA).Letran remains in its original campus in Intramuros, Manila and is a member of the Intramuros Consortium.\n\n", "Q681168": "Drakkar Entertainment GmbH, also called Drakkar Records or Drakkar Publishing, is a German record label with its headquarters in Witten. It is a joint venture with Bertelsmann Music Group.", "Q1416917": "Paul James Grady, MBE (born 14 June 1955), better known as Paul O'Grady, is an English comedian, television presenter, actor, writer, radio host, producer, and former drag queen. He achieved notability in the London gay scene during the 1980s with his drag queen character Lily Savage, with which he went mainstream in the 1990s. He subsequently dropped the character and in the 2000s became the presenter of a range of television and radio shows, most notably The Paul O'Grady Show.\nBorn to a working-class Irish family in Tranmere, Cheshire, O'Grady moved to London in the late 1970s, initially working as a peripatetic care officer for Camden Council. It was here in 1978 that he developed his drag act, basing the character of Lily Savage upon traits found amongst female relatives. Touring northern England as part of drag mime duo, the Playgirls, he eventually went solo as a stand-up comedian. Performing as Savage for eight years at a South London gay pub, the Royal Vauxhall Tavern (RVT), he gained a popular following among the city's gay community and used his character to speak out for LGBT rights. After being nominated for a 1992 Perrier Award, he attracted mainstream attention and made various television, radio, and theatrical appearances. As Savage, he presented morning chat show The Big Breakfast (1995\u201396), game show Blankety Blank (1997\u20132002), and comedy series Lily Live! (2000\u201301), earning various awards and becoming a well known public figure.\nSeeking to diversify his career away from Savage, O'Grady starred in BBC sitcom Eyes Down (2003\u201304) and presented two travel documentaries for ITV. In 2004, he began presenting ITV's daytime chat show The Paul O'Grady Show, which proved a hit with audiences. After the network refused to transfer creative control of the series to O'Grady's production company, Olga TV, in 2006 he defected to rival Channel 4, where the show was rebranded as The New Paul O'Grady Show and ran until 2009. O'Grady subsequently presented a late night ITV show, Paul O'Grady Live (2010\u201311) as well as Paul O'Grady: For the Love of Dogs (2012\u2013present) and Paul O'Grady's Animal Orphans (2014\u20132016), while presenting BBC Radio 2's Paul O'Grady on the Wireless and publishing a four-volume autobiography.\nO'Grady has received a variety of awards, among them honorary degrees and an MBE in the 2008 Birthday Honours for services to entertainment.", "Q1573631": "The Royal Military Academy (RMA) at Woolwich, in south-east London, was a British Army military academy for the training of commissioned officers of the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers. It later also trained officers of the Royal Corps of Signals and other technical corps. RMA Woolwich was commonly known as \"The Shop\" because its first building was a converted workshop of the Woolwich Arsenal.", "Q68219": "Louis de Wohl (earlier Ludwig von Wohl, born Lajos Theodor Gaspar Adolf Wohl) was a German-born Catholic author, and had served as an astrologer notable for his work with MI5 during World War II. Sixteen of his popular pre-war novels were the basis of movies. His later novels are literary hagiographies of notable Roman Catholic saints and of different periods of the Bible.", "Q70456": "Le Cerneux-P\u00e9quignot is a municipality in the district of Le Locle in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland.", "Q103330": "Hans Mezger (born 18 November 1929 in Besigheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) is a German automotive engineer well known for his work at Porsche.\n\n", "Q3446781": "Alfons Flinik (November 16, 1926 in Gniezno \u2013 February 11, 2003 in Gniezno) was a Polish field hockey player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1960 Summer Olympics.\nHe was part of the Polish field hockey team, which competed in the 1952 Olympic tournament. He played as forward in the only match for Poland in the main tournament as well as in one match in the consolation tournament.\nEight years later in the 1960 Olympic tournament he played all four matches for Poland.", "Q706013": "Odeon Records was a record label founded in 1903 by Max Straus and Heinrich Zuntz of the International Talking Machine Company in Berlin, Germany. The label's name and logo come from the Od\u00e9on-Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de l'Europe in Paris.", "Q200078": "Okayama (\u5ca1\u5c71\u5e02, Okayama-shi, Japanese: [oka\ua71cjama]) is the capital city of Okayama Prefecture in the Ch\u016bgoku region of Japan. The city was founded on June 1, 1889.As of February 2017, the city has an estimated population of 720,841 and a population density of 910 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 789.88 square kilometres (304.97 square miles).\nThe city is the site of K\u014draku-en, known as one of the top three traditional gardens in Japan, and Okayama Castle, which is ranked among the best 100 Japanese castles. The city is famous as the setting of the Japanese fable \"Momotar\u014d\".", "Q282709": "Scanners: The Showdown (also known as Scanner Cop II) is a 1995 American science fiction film directed by Steve Barnett. It is the sequel to Scanner Cop and the fifth film in the Scanners series. Daniel Quinn returns as a psychic police officer who searches for a serial killer who targets other psychics.", "Q1668336": "Irving Pichel (June 24, 1891 \u2013 July 13, 1954) was an American actor and film director, who won acclaim both as an actor and director in his Hollywood career.", "Q208424": "Nineteen Eighty-Four, also known as 1984, is a 1984 British dystopian science fiction film written and directed by Michael Radford, based upon George Orwell's novel of the same name. Starring John Hurt, Richard Burton, Suzanna Hamilton, and Cyril Cusack, the film follows the life of Winston Smith, a low-ranking civil servant in a war-torn London ruled by Oceania, a totalitarian superstate. Smith (Hurt) struggles to maintain his sanity and his grip on reality as the regime's overwhelming power and influence persecutes individualism and individual thinking on both a political and personal level.\nThe film, which features Burton's last screen appearance, is dedicated to him. The film was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Art Direction, and won two Evening Standard British Film Awards for Best Film and Best Actor.", "Q295275": "Joseph Medill (April 6, 1823 \u2013 March 16, 1899) was a Canadian-American newspaper editor, publisher, and Republican Party politician. He was co-owner and managing editor of the Chicago Tribune, and he was Mayor of Chicago from after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 until 1873.", "Q164234": "Kawasaki (\u5ddd\u5d0e\u5e02, Kawasaki-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is the 8th most populated city in Japan (including the Tokyo Metropolitan Area) and one of the main cities forming the Greater Tokyo Area and Keihin Industrial Area.As of October 1, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 1,503,690, with 716,470 households, and a population density of 10,000 persons per km2. Kawasaki is the only city in Japan with more than one million inhabitants that is not a prefectural capital. The total area is 142.70 km2 (55.10 sq mi).", "Q19626731": "CLC (Korean: \uc528\uc5d8\uc528, an acronym for \"Crystal Clear\") is a South Korean girl group formed by Cube Entertainment in 2015. The group consists of seven members: Seunghee, Yujin, Seungyeon, Sorn, Yeeun, Elkie, and Eunbin. Their debut EP First Love was released on March 19, 2015 with five group members: Seunghee, Yujin, Seungyeon, Sorn and Yeeun. In February 2016, Elkie and Eunbin were added to the group.", "Q37682": "Sejong the Great (Korean pronunciation: [se(\u02d0)d\u0291o\u014b]; 15 May 1397 \u2013 8 April 1450) was the fourth king of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the third son of King Taejong and Queen consort Min. He was designated as heir-apparent, Crown Prince, after his older brother Prince Yangnyeong was stripped of his title. He ascended to the throne in 1418. During the first four years of his reign, Taejong governed as regent, after which his father-in-law, Sim On, and his close associates were executed.\nSejong reinforced Confucian policies and enacted major \"legal amendments\" (\uacf5\ubc95; \u8ca2\u6cd5). He also personally created and promulgated the Korean alphabet Hangul, encouraged advancements of scientific technology, and instituted many other efforts to stabilize and improve prosperity. He dispatched military campaigns to the north and instituted the Samin policy (\uc0ac\ubbfc\uc815\ucc45; \u5f99\u6c11\u653f\u7b56) to attract new settlers to the region. To the south, he subjugated Japanese pirates and captured Tsushima Island (also known as Daema Island in the Korean language).\nDuring his reign from 1418 to 1450, he governed along with his father, the King Emeritus Taejong from 1418 to 1422, then governing as the sole monarch from 1422 to 1450. Since 1442, the king was increasingly ill so his son Crown Prince Munjong acted as regent for him.\nAlthough the appellation \"the Great\" / \"(\ub300\uc655;\u5927\u738b)\" was given posthumously to almost every ruler of Goryeo and Joseon, this title is usually associated with Gwanggaeto and Sejong.", "Q69098": "Paul L\u00fccke (13 November 1914 in Sch\u00f6nborn, Rhine Province \u2013 10 August 1976) was a German politician and civil servant. He served as Germany's Federal Minister of the Interior from 1965\u20131968.\nL\u00fccke was a member of the Christian Democratic Union since the party's foundation in 1945. In the 1949 election he gained a seat in the inaugural Bundestag, which he held until 1972. Following the 1965 election, L\u00fccke was appointed Minister of the Interior by Ludwig Erhard.", "Q3032368": "George Preston Marshall (October 11, 1896 \u2013 August 9, 1969) was an American businessman, and the owner and president of the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL), from their inception in 1932 in Boston until his death in 1969.", "Q271859": "Y\u016bko Mizutani (\u6c34\u8c37 \u512a\u5b50, Mizutani Y\u016bko, November 4, 1964 \u2013 May 17, 2016) was a Japanese actress, voice actress, narrator and singer from Ama District, Aichi.", "Q47365": "Marie Antoinette (, French: [ma\u0281i \u0251\u0303twan\u025bt] (listen); born Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna; 2 November 1755 \u2013 16 October 1793) was the last Queen of France before the French Revolution. She was born an Archduchess of Austria and was the penultimate child and youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. She became Dauphine of France in May 1770 at age 14 upon her marriage to Louis-Auguste, heir apparent to the French throne. On 10 May 1774, her husband ascended the throne as Louis XVI and she assumed the title Queen of France and Navarre, which she held until September 1791, when she became Queen of the French, as the French Revolution proceeded, a title that she held until 21 September 1792.\nAfter eight years of marriage, Marie Antoinette gave birth to Marie Th\u00e9r\u00e8se, the first of her four children. A growing percentage of the population came to dislike her, with the French libelles accusing her of being profligate, promiscuous, harboring sympathies for France's perceived enemies\u2014particularly her native Austria\u2014and her children of being illegitimate. The false accusations of the Affair of the Diamond Necklace damaged her reputation further. During the Revolution, she became known as Madame D\u00e9ficit because the country's financial crisis was blamed on her lavish spending and her opposition to the social and financial reforms of Turgot and Necker.\nSeveral events were linked to Marie Antoinette during the Revolution after the government had placed the royal family under house arrest in the Tuileries Palace in October 1789. The June 1791 attempted flight to Varennes and her role in the War of the First Coalition had disastrous effects on French popular opinion. On 10 August 1792, the attack on the Tuileries forced the royal family to take refuge at the Assembly, and they were imprisoned in the Temple Prison on 13 August. On 21 September 1792, the monarchy was abolished. Louis XVI was executed on 21 January 1793. Marie Antoinette's trial began on 14 October 1793, and two days later she was convicted by the Revolutionary Tribunal of high treason and executed by guillotine on the Place de la R\u00e9volution.", "Q93652": "Christine N\u00f6stlinger (13 October 1936 \u2013 28 June 2018) was an Austrian writer best known for children's books. She received one of two inaugural Astrid Lindgren Memorial Awards from the Swedish Arts Council in 2003, the biggest prize in children's literature, for her career contribution to \"children's and young adult literature in the broadest sense.\" She received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal for \"lasting contribution to children's literature\" in 1984 and was one of three people through 2012 to win both of these major international awards.", "Q124610": "Andreas Heusler (10 August 1865 in Basel \u2013 28 February 1940 in Basel) was a Swiss medievalist, specialising in Germanic and Norse studies.", "Q309048": "King Kong is a 1933 American pre-Code monster adventure film directed and produced by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack. The screenplay by James Ashmore Creelman and Ruth Rose was developed from an idea conceived by Cooper and Edgar Wallace. It stars Fay Wray, Bruce Cabot and Robert Armstrong, and opened in New York City on March 2, 1933, to rave reviews. It has been ranked by Rotten Tomatoes as the fourth greatest horror film of all time and the thirty-third greatest film of all time.The film portrays the story of a huge, gorilla-like creature dubbed Kong who perishes in an attempt to possess a beautiful young woman (Wray). King Kong contains stop-motion animation by Willis O'Brien and a music score by Max Steiner. In 1991, it was deemed \"culturally, historically and aesthetically significant\" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. A sequel quickly followed with Son of Kong (also released in 1933), with several more films made in the following decades.\n\n", "Q25286": "Uppsala (, also US: or all ending in , Swedish: [\u02c8\u0275\u0302p\u02d0\u02ccs\u0251\u02d0la] (listen); archaically spelled Upsala) is the capital of Uppsala County and the fourth-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malm\u00f6. It had 168,096 inhabitants in 2017.Located 71 km (44 mi) north of the capital Stockholm it is also the seat of Uppsala Municipality. Since 1164, Uppsala has been the ecclesiastical centre of Sweden, being the seat of the Archbishop of the Church of Sweden. Uppsala is home to Scandinavia's largest cathedral \u2013 Uppsala Cathedral. Founded in 1477, Uppsala University is the oldest centre of higher education in Scandinavia. Among many achievements, the Celsius scale for temperature was invented there.", "Q311607": "Jacob \"Kirby\" Kurtzberg (; August 28, 1917 \u2013 February 6, 1994) was an American comic book artist, writer and editor, widely regarded as one of the medium's major innovators and one of its most prolific and influential creators. He grew up in New York City and learned to draw cartoon figures by tracing characters from comic strips and editorial cartoons. He entered the nascent comics industry in the 1930s, drawing various comics features under different pen names, including Jack Curtiss, before ultimately settling on Jack Kirby. In 1940, he and writer-editor Joe Simon created the highly successful superhero character Captain America for Timely Comics, predecessor of Marvel Comics. During the 1940s, Kirby regularly teamed with Simon, creating numerous characters for that company and for National Comics Publications, later to become DC Comics.\nAfter serving in the European Theater in World War II, Kirby produced work for DC Comics, Harvey Comics, Hillman Periodicals and other publishers. At Crestwood Publications, he and Simon created the genre of romance comics and later founded their own short-lived comic company, Mainline Publications. Kirby was involved in Timely's 1950s iteration, Atlas Comics, which in the next decade became Marvel. There, in the 1960s under writer-editor Stan Lee, Kirby created many of the company's major characters, including the Fantastic Four, the X-Men, Thor, the Hulk and Iron Man. The Lee\u2013Kirby titles garnered high sales and critical acclaim, but in 1970, feeling he had been treated unfairly, largely in the realm of authorship credit and creators' rights, Kirby left the company for rival DC.\nAt DC, Kirby created his Fourth World saga which spanned several comics titles. While these series proved commercially unsuccessful and were canceled, the Fourth World's New Gods have continued as a significant part of the DC Universe. Kirby returned to Marvel briefly in the mid-to-late 1970s, then ventured into television animation and independent comics. In his later years, Kirby, who has been called \"the William Blake of comics\", began receiving great recognition in the mainstream press for his career accomplishments, and in 1987 he was one of the three inaugural inductees of the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame. In 2017, Kirby was posthumously named a Disney Legend with Lee for their co-creations not only in the field of publishing, but also because those creations formed the basis for The Walt Disney Company's financially and critically successful media franchise, the Marvel Cinematic Universe.\nKirby was married to Rosalind Goldstein in 1942. They had four children and remained married until his death from heart failure in 1994, at the age of 76. The Jack Kirby Awards and Jack Kirby Hall of Fame were named in his honor, and he is known as \"The King\" among comics fans for his many influential contributions to the medium.\n\n", "Q7114": "Hitzkirch is a municipality in the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, Gelfingen, H\u00e4mikon, Mosen, M\u00fcswangen, Retschwil and Sulz joined Hitzkirch.", "Q611382": "Benzenschwil is a former municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. The municipality of Benzenschwil merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Merenschwand.", "Q525921": "Philip James DeFranco (born Philip James Franchini Jr.; born December 1, 1985), sometimes known online as PhillyD or sXePhil, is a news commentator and an American YouTube personality. He is best known for The Philip DeFranco Show, a news commentary show centered on current events in politics and pop culture.\nDeFranco has also been involved in the creation of other successful channels on YouTube, including personal vlog channel Philly D, the YouTube Original news channel SourceFed and its nerd culture spinoff SourceFed Nerd, gaming channel Super Panic Frenzy, and family vlogging channel TheDeFrancoFam. His primary channel having accumulated over 6.4 million subscribers and 2.7 billion views, as of January 2020. Over his decade-long YouTube career, he has been cited as a pioneer of YouTube and news coverage online, and has won various awards for his online content.\nSince regaining control over his properties from the Discovery Network in May 2017, DeFranco has been working towards broadening his content and reach. On April 22, 2019, the Rogue Rocket website was launched.", "Q88514": "Laura Isabella Lolita Osswald (born 8 March 1982) is a German stage, and television actress. She is known to have played in the television series Verliebt in Berlin and Schulm\u00e4dchen.\n\n", "Q53310": "Nils Ed\u00e9n (25 August 1871 \u2013 16 June 1945) was a Swedish historian and liberal politician, Prime Minister of Sweden 1917\u20131920, and along with Hjalmar Branting acknowledged as co-architect of Sweden's transition from quasi-absolute monarchy to a parliamentary democracy with equal male and female suffrage.", "Q1415359": "G\u00e9rard Paul Louis Marie-Joseph Mulliez (born 13 May 1931) is a French businessman. He is the founder of the Auchan chain of department stores.", "Q51083038": "Reyna I. Aburto (born October 24, 1963) is a Nicaraguan born American religious leader, language translation specialist, and public speaker. She has been the second counselor in the Relief Society General Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) with Jean B. Bingham since April 2017.Aburto was born in Managua, Nicaragua to Noel Blanco and his wife, Delbi Cardoza. She moved to California in 1984 as civil violence increased in Nicaragua. She joined the LDS Church in California in 1989 and moved to Utah shortly afterward. In 1993, she married Carlos Aburto, a native of Mexico, in the Jordan River Temple, and they are the parents of three children. She has a degree in computer science from Utah Valley University. She worked in the language industry for more than 25 years and owns a translation company with her husband.Aburto's family attended Spanish-speaking congregations until 2013, when they began attending their neighborhood English-speaking ward. From 2012 to 2016, Aburto was a member of the LDS Church's Primary General Board. She has traveled widely as a counselor in the Relief Society General Presidency. In August 2018, she visited residents of a shelter in Guatemala built by LDS Humanitarian Services.At the church's October 2019 general conference, Aburto spoke about issues of mental illness, including her father's death from suicide. In March 2020, Aburto was the keynote speaker at the International Women-in-Diplomacy Day Luncheon.", "Q378869": "Sagno is a former municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland; it is now part of the new municipality of Breggia.\nOn 25 October 2009 the municipalities of Bruzella, Cabbio, Caneggio, Morbio Superiore, Muggio, Sagno merged into Breggia.", "Q1079060": "Christian Braunmann Tullin (6 September 1728 \u2013 21 January 1765) was a Norwegian businessman and poet. He was regarded as one of Denmark-Norway's most important poetic talents by his contemporaries.", "Q86539": "Walter Kolm-Velt\u00e9e (27 December 1910 \u2013 8 March 1999) was an Austrian film director. He directed nine films between 1933 and 1959. He was the son of Austrian film director Luise Fleck from her first marriage.\nHe became a respected film director, producer and screenwriter. After his earlier career in which he often worked with his mother and stepfather, he founded in 1952 the first film academy in Austria, at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und darstellende Kunst in Vienna. His film on the life of Beethoven, Eroica, released in 1949, with Ewald Balser, Oskar Werner and Judith Holzmeister in the leads, is counted as one of the most successful Austrian films ever. In the same way that his parents were pioneers of film, so Walter Kolm-Velt\u00e9e was a pioneer of the development of the new medium of television.\nHis 1959 film Panoptikum 59 was entered into the 9th Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q426582": "Anthony Michael Bourdain (; June 25, 1956 \u2013 June 8, 2018) was an American celebrity chef, author, and travel documentarian who starred in programs focusing on the exploration of international culture, cuisine, and the human condition. Bourdain was a 1978 graduate of The Culinary Institute of America and a veteran of a number of professional kitchens in his long career, which included many years spent as executive chef at Brasserie Les Halles in Manhattan. He first became known for his bestselling book Kitchen Confidential: Adventures in the Culinary Underbelly (2000). \nHis first food and world-travel television show A Cook's Tour ran for 35 episodes on the Food Network in 2002 and 2003. In 2005, he began hosting the Travel Channel's culinary and cultural adventure programs Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations (2005\u20132012) and The Layover (2011\u20132013). In 2013, he began a three-season run as a judge on The Taste, and concurrently switched his travelogue programming to CNN to host Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown. Though best known for his culinary writings and television presentations, along with several books on food and cooking and travel adventures, Bourdain also wrote both fiction and historical nonfiction. On June 8, 2018, Bourdain died by suicide while on location in France for Parts Unknown.", "Q723324": "Aleksander \u015awi\u0119tochowski (pseudonyms Pose\u0142 Prawdy [Apostle of Truth] and others; 18 January 1849 \u2013 25 April 1938) was a Polish writer, educator, and philosopher of the Positivist period that followed the January 1863 Uprising.\nHe was widely regarded as the prophet of Polish Positivism, spreading in the Warsaw press the gospel of scientific inquiry, education, economic development, and equality of rights for all, without regard to sex, class, ethnic origin or beliefs. His was a nuanced vision, however, that took account of the shortcomings of human nature; like H.G. Wells, he advocated that power in society be wielded by the most enlightened among its members.", "Q126007": "Jessica Lu is an American actress, model, and spokesperson. She is best known for her portrayal of Ming Huang on the MTV television series Awkward.\n\n", "Q466818": "Bernard Mullu Narokobi (1943 \u2013 March 2010) was a Papua New Guinean politician, jurist, and philosopher. He was serving as the Papua New Guinean High Commissioner to New Zealand prior to his death. Between 1987 and 1997 he represented his Wewak Open Electorate as a Member in the Papua New Guinea's National Parliament. During his time as a Member of Parliament (MP), he served as the Minister for Justice (1988\u20131992) in the government led by the then Prime Minister Rabbie Namaliu; Agriculture Minister (1992\u20131994) under the leadership of Prime Minister Sir Julius Chan led government; and Opposition Leader between 1998 and 2002, and Speaker of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea, until he lost his seat to the then Wewak MP Kimson Kare during the 2002 elections. He was displaced as a minister in the Chan government for failing to vote in favour of constitutional reforms in the provincial system of government.\nIn April 2009, The Guardian described him as one of Papua New Guinea's \"living national icons\", along with Michael Somare and Mal Michael.", "Q359119": "Admiral Nakhimov (Russian: \u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b \u041d\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432) is a 1947 Soviet biopic film directed by Vsevolod Pudovkin, based on the life of Russian Admiral Pavel Nakhimov (1802-1855). In 1946 Pudovkin, Golovnya, Lukovsky, Kryukov, Dikiy, Simonov, and Knyazev received the Stalin Prize.", "Q1569090": "Herbert Wilson Beattie (August 23, 1926; Chicago, Illinois - August 25, 2019; Colorado Springs, Colorado) was an American operatic bass and voice teacher.", "Q1203": "John Winston Ono Lennon (born John Winston Lennon, 9 October 1940 \u2013 8 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter and peace activist who gained worldwide fame as the founder, co-lead vocalist, and rhythm guitarist of the Beatles. His songwriting partnership with Paul McCartney remains the most successful in musical history. In 1969, he started the Plastic Ono Band with his second wife, Yoko Ono. After the Beatles disbanded in 1970, Lennon continued as a solo artist and as Ono's collaborator.\nBorn in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager. In 1956, he formed his first band, the Quarrymen, which evolved into the Beatles in 1960. He was initially the group's de facto leader, a role gradually ceded to McCartney. Lennon was characterised for the rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. In the mid-1960s, he had two books published: In His Own Write and A Spaniard in the Works, both collections of nonsensical writings and line drawings. Starting with 1967's \"All You Need Is Love\", his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement and the larger counterculture.\nFrom 1968 to 1972, Lennon produced more than a dozen records with Ono, including a trilogy of avant-garde albums, his first solo LP John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band, and the international top 10 singles \"Give Peace a Chance\", \"Instant Karma!\", \"Imagine\" and \"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)\". Controversial through his political and peace activism, after moving to New York City in 1971, his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a three-year attempt by the Nixon administration to deport him. In 1975, Lennon disengaged from the music business to raise his infant son Sean, and in 1980, returned with the Ono collaboration Double Fantasy. He was shot and killed in the archway of his Manhattan apartment building by a Beatles fan, Mark David Chapman, three weeks after the album's release.\nBy 2018, Lennon's solo equivalent album sales had exceeded 72 million units worldwide. In 2002, he was voted eighth in a BBC poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, and in 2008, Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time. In 1987, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Lennon was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, as a member of the Beatles in 1988 and as a solo artist in 1994.", "Q1258764": "Drew Sarich (born August 24, 1975) is a stage actor and singer from St. Louis, Missouri.", "Q45214": "Moritz (Zvi) von Hirsch, also known as Maurice de Hirsch (German: Moritz Freiherr von Hirsch auf Gereuth; French: Maurice, baron de Hirsch de Gereuth; 9 December 1831 \u2013 21 April 1896), was a German Jewish financier and philanthropist who set up charitable foundations to promote Jewish education and improve the lot of oppressed European Jewry. He was the founder of the Jewish Colonization Association, which sponsored large-scale Jewish immigration to Argentina.", "Q317510": "Go Trabi Go is a 1991 German comedy and road movie directed by Peter Timm. It was the first major box office hit about events concerning the newly reunified Germany. Unlike other films in this period that focused on the problems following reunification, Go Trabi Go sees the main characters, former citizens of East Germany, explore places in Europe outside the Eastern Bloc that they were not allowed to visit during the Communist era.", "Q24826": "Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. As of 2018, the population is approximately 494,814. Liverpool is the ninth-largest English district by population, and the largest in Merseyside and the Liverpool City Region. It lies within the United Kingdom's sixth-most populous urban area. Liverpool's metropolitan area is the fifth-largest in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2.24 million.Liverpool is on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary, and historically lay within the ancient hundred of West Derby in the southwest of the county of Lancashire in North West England. It became a borough in 1207 and a city in 1880. In 1889, it became a county borough independent of Lancashire. Its growth as a major port was paralleled by the expansion of the city throughout the Industrial Revolution. Along with handling general cargo, freight, and raw materials such as coal and cotton, the city merchants were involved in the Atlantic slave trade. In the 19th century, it was a major port of departure for English and Irish emigrants to North America. Liverpool was home to both the Cunard and White Star Line, and was the port of registry of the ocean liners RMS Titanic, RMS Lusitania, RMS Queen Mary, and RMS Olympic.\nLiverpool is the seventh most visited city in the UK. It is noted for its culture, architecture, and transport links. The city is closely associated with the arts, particularly music; the popularity of the Beatles, who are regarded as the most influential band in history, contributed to the city's status as a tourist destination. Since then, the city has continued to produce hundreds of notable musical acts\u2014musicians from Liverpool have produced 56 No. 1 hit singles, more than any other city in the world. Liverpool also has a long-standing reputation as the origin of countless actors and actresses, artists, comedians, journalists, novelists, poets, and sportspeople. The city has the second highest number of art galleries, national museums, and listed buildings in the UK; only the capital, London, has more. The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City includes the Pier Head, Albert Dock, and William Brown Street. In sports, the city is best known for being the home of Premier League football clubs Liverpool and Everton, with matches between the two being known as the Merseyside derby. The annual Grand National horse race takes place at Aintree Racecourse.\nSeveral areas of the city centre were granted World Heritage Site status by UNESCO in 2004. The city celebrated its 800th anniversary in 2007 and was named the 2008 European Capital of Culture, which it shared with the Norwegian city of Stavanger. Liverpool's status as a port city has attracted a diverse population drawn from a wide range of cultures and religions, particularly from Ireland, Scandinavia, and Wales. The city is home to the oldest black community in the UK and the oldest Chinese community in Europe. Natives and residents of the city of Liverpool are referred to formally as Liverpudlians, but most often as Scousers, a reference to \"scouse\", a form of stew. The word \"Scouse\" has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect.", "Q301372": "Gary Jennings (September 20, 1928 \u2013 February 13, 1999) was an American author who wrote children's and adult novels. In 1980, after the successful novel Aztec, he specialized in writing adult historical fiction novels.", "Q786954": "Eyvind Aln\u00e6s (29 April 1872 \u2013 24 December 1932) was a Norwegian composer, pianist, organist and choir director.", "Q2211152": "Bertha Lamme Feicht (December 16, 1869 \u2013 November 20, 1943) was an American engineer. In 1893, she became the first woman to receive a degree in engineering from the Ohio State University. She is considered to be the first American woman to graduate in a main discipline of engineering other than civil engineering.", "Q169076": "Prof. Zden\u011bk Veselovsk\u00fd (August 26, 1928 \u2013 November 24, 2006) was one of the most important Czech zoologists of the 20th century, founder of Czech ethology, very successful director of the Prague Zoo (1959-1988) and the president of the International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens (1971-1975) (renamed in 2000 to World Association of Zoos and Aquariums)", "Q971735": "Marcel Allain (15 September 1885 \u2013 25 August 1969) was a French writer mostly remembered today for his co-creation with Pierre Souvestre of the fictional arch-villain and master criminal Fant\u00f4mas.\nThe son of a Parisian bourgeois family, Allain studied law before becoming a journalist. He then became the assistant of Souvestre, who was already a well-known figure in literary circles. In 1909, the two men published their first novel, Le Rour. Investigating Magistrate Germain Fuselier, later to become a recurring character in the Fant\u00f4mas series, appears in the novel.\nThen, in February 1911, Allain and Souvestre embarked upon the Fant\u00f4mas book series at the request of publisher Arth\u00e8me Fayard, who wanted to create a new monthly pulp magazine. The success was immediate and lasting.\nAfter Souvestre\u2019s death in February 1914, Allain continued the Fant\u00f4mas saga alone, then launched several other series, such as Tigris, Fatala, Miss T\u00e9ria and F\u00e9rocias, but none garnered the same popularity as Fant\u00f4mas. [1]\nIn 1926, Allain married Souvestre\u2019s girl-friend, Henriette Kistler. In total, Allain wrote more than 400 novels in his prolific career.", "Q8541": "Landkreis Ludwigsburg is a Landkreis (district) in the middle of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Heilbronn, Rems-Murr-Kreis, the district-free city Stuttgart, and the districts B\u00f6blingen and Enz-Kreis.", "Q253420": "Vivian Hsu (Atayal: Bidai Syulan; Chinese: \u5f90\u82e5\u7444; born March 19, 1975) is a Taiwanese singer and actress.\nHsu rose to prominence in Japan, where she made her first appearance in 1995 and has become a highly recognized celebrity with her countless appearances in media during the late 1990s.She was also the main vocalist for Black Biscuits, a Japanese dance band which released four singles, \"Stamina\", \"Timing\", \"Relax\", \"Bye-Bye\", and one album, Life. All of these four singles reached the top 5 spots of the Oricon singles chart, and Life reached No. 6 in the album chart.", "Q179265": "Julia Carabias Lillo (born August 11, 1954, Mexico City) is a Mexican ecologist and Environmental Conservationist. She is a Professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and served as the Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources under President Ernesto Zedillo from 1994 to 2000.", "Q1042948": "Michel Benoist (Chinese: \u8523\u53cb\u4ec1; pinyin: Ji\u01ceng Y\u01d2ur\u00e9n, October 8, 1715 in Dijon, France \u2013 October 23, 1774 in Beijing, China of a stroke) was a Jesuit scientist, who stood in the service of the Chinese Qianlong Emperor for thirty years and is most noted for the waterworks he constructed for the emperor.", "Q124176": "Justin von Linde (7 August 1797, Brilon \u2013 9 June 1870) was a German jurist and statesman from the Grand Duchy of Hesse.", "Q69926": "Walperswil is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q11645": "Catherine M. \"Cathy\" Hudgins (born 1944) is a Democratic member of the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors; representing the Hunter Mill district, which includes the town of Reston and town of Vienna. In 1984 she was Virginia's National Committeewoman on the Democratic National Committee; as well as the leader of Virginia's delegation to the 1988 Democratic National Convention.She worked twelve years in the private sector for AT&T as a programmer, consultant, and analyst.Hudgins was elected to the Board of Supervisors in November 1999, defeating incumbent Republican supervisor Robert B. Dix, Jr.In April 2013, Hudgins was diagnosed with noninvasive breast cancer.", "Q1648958": "Terre Thaemlitz is a musician, public speaker, and owner of the record label Comatonse Recordings. Thaemlitz's work critically combines themes of identity politics \u2013 including gender, sexuality, class, linguistics, ethnicity and race \u2013 with an ongoing critique of the socio-economics of commercial media production. This diversity of themes is matched by Thaemlitz's wide range of production styles, which include electroacoustic computer music, club-oriented deep house, digital jazz, ambient, and computer-composed neo-expressionist piano solos. Graphic design, photography, illustration, text and video also play a part in Thaemlitz's projects.", "Q604957": "Russ Abbot (born Russell Allan Roberts; 16 September 1947) is an English musician, comedian and actor. Born in Chester, he first came to public notice during the 1970s as the singer and drummer with the British comedy showband Black Abbots, along with Leonard 'Lenny' Reynolds, later forging a prominent solo career as a television comedian with his own weekly show on British television.\nContinuing his musical career as a solo artist, Abbot released several charting singles and albums. Latterly his career has continued with a shift into more mainstream serious acting in television shows, series and stage productions.", "Q113902": "Bettina Bal\u00e0ka (born 1966) is an award-winning Austrian novelist, poet, essayist, playwright and short story writer. Recent novels include Eisfl\u00fcstern (The Whisper of Ice, 2006), Kassiopeia (2010) and Unter Menschen (Among People, 2014).", "Q164552": "Hines Holt (April 27, 1805 \u2013 November 4, 1865) was a lawyer, state legislator, and United States Representative from Georgia.\n\n", "Q125268": "Eduard Eugen Bl\u00f6sch (1 February 1807, in Biel/Bienne \u2013 7 February 1866) was a Swiss politician, President of the Federal Supreme Court (1855 and 1863) and President of the Swiss National Council (1855/1856).\n\n", "Q878705": "Pedro Francisco Carmona Estanga (born 6 July 1941), is a former Venezuelan business leader who was briefly installed as President of Venezuela in place of Hugo Ch\u00e1vez, following the attempted military coup in April 2002.\n\n", "Q1360589": "Georges Lakhovsky (born Georgei Lakhovsky; Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u041b\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 17 September 1869 \u2013 31 August 1942) was a Belarusian-French engineer, scientist, author and inventor. His controversial medical treatment invention, the Multiple Wave Oscillator, is described as having been used by him in the treatment of cancer.", "Q1395064": "M\u00fcsl\u00fcm G\u00fcrses (pronounced [mys\u02c8lym \u025fy\u027e\u02c8ses], born M\u00fcsl\u00fcm Akba\u015f; 5 July 1953 \u2013 3 March 2013), also called M\u00fcsl\u00fcm Baba (literally: M\u00fcsl\u00fcm Father), was a popular Turkish arabesque singer and actor.", "Q187805": "Spokane ( (listen) spoh-KAN) is a city in Spokane County in the state of Washington in the northwestern United States. It is located in eastern Washington along the Spokane River adjacent to the Selkirk Mountains and west of the Rocky Mountain foothills\u201492 miles (148 km) south of the Canada\u2013US border, 18 miles (30 km) west of the Washington\u2013Idaho border, and 279 miles (449 km) east of Seattle along Interstate 90.\nKnown as the birthplace of Father's Day, Spokane's official nickname is the \"Lilac City\". A pink, double flower cultivar of the common lilac, known as Syringa vulgaris 'Spokane', is named for the city. It is the seat of Spokane County and the economic and cultural center of the Spokane metropolitan area, the Spokane\u2013Coeur d'Alene combined statistical area, and the Inland Northwest. The city, along with the whole Inland Northwest, is served by Spokane International Airport, 5 miles (8 km) west of downtown Spokane. According to the 2010 Census, Spokane had a population of 208,916, making it the second-largest city in Washington, and the 100th-largest city in the United States. In 2018, the United States Census Bureau estimated the city's population at 219,190 and the population of the Spokane Metropolitan Area at 573,493.The first people to live in the area, the Spokane tribe (their name meaning \"children of the sun\" in Salishan), lived off plentiful game. David Thompson explored the area with the westward expansion and establishment of the North West Company's Spokane House in 1810. This trading post was the first long-term European settlement in Washington. Completion of the Northern Pacific Railway in 1881 brought settlers to the Spokane area. The same year it was officially incorporated as a city with the name of Spokane Falls (it was reincorporated under its current name ten years later). In the late 19th century, gold and silver were discovered in the Inland Northwest. The local economy depended on mining, timber, and agriculture until the 1980s. Spokane hosted the first environmentally themed World's Fair at Expo '74.\nMany of the downtown area's older Romanesque Revival-style buildings were designed by architect Kirtland Kelsey Cutter after the Great Fire of 1889. The city also features Riverfront and Manito parks, the Smithsonian-affiliated Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, the Davenport Hotel, and the Fox and Bing Crosby theaters.\nThe Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane, and the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist that of the Episcopal Diocese of Spokane. The Spokane Washington Temple in the east of the county serves The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Gonzaga University was established in 1887 by the Jesuits, and the private Presbyterian Whitworth University was founded three years later and moved to north Spokane in 1914.In sports, the region's professional and semi-professional sports teams include the Spokane Indians in Minor League Baseball and Spokane Chiefs in junior ice hockey. The Gonzaga Bulldogs collegiate basketball team competes at the Division I level. As of 2010, Spokane's only major daily newspaper, The Spokesman-Review, had a daily circulation of over 76,000.", "Q28017889": "Hai-Tang is a 1930 British-German drama film directed by Richard Eichberg and Jean Kemm and starring Anna May Wong, Marcel Vibert and Robert Ancelin. It was made at Elstree Studios as the French-language version of The Flame of Love, which also starred Anna May Wong. A separate German version (The Road to Dishonour) was also released. Such multiple-language versions were common during the early years of sound before dubbing became more widespread.", "Q83333": "James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist. In 1953, he co-authored with Francis Crick the academic paper proposing the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. Watson, Crick and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine \"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material\".\nWatson earned degrees at the University of Chicago (BS, 1947) and Indiana University (PhD, 1950). Following a post-doctoral year at the University of Copenhagen with Herman Kalckar and Ole Maal\u00f8e, Watson worked at the University of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory in England, where he first met his future collaborator Francis Crick. From 1956 to 1976, Watson was on the faculty of the Harvard University Biology Department, promoting research in molecular biology. \nFrom 1968 Watson served as director of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), greatly expanding its level of funding and research. At CSHL, he shifted his research emphasis to the study of cancer, along with making it a world-leading research center in molecular biology. In 1994, he started as president and served for 10 years. He was then appointed chancellor, serving until he resigned in 2007 after making comments claiming a genetic link between intelligence and race. In 2019, following the broadcast of a documentary in which Watson reiterated his views on race and genetics, CSHL revoked his honorary titles and severed all ties with him.\nWatson has written many science books, including the textbook Molecular Biology of the Gene (1965) and his bestselling book The Double Helix (1968). Between 1988 and 1992, Watson was associated with the National Institutes of Health, helping to establish the Human Genome Project, which completed the task of mapping the human genome in 2003.", "Q57604": "Hildegard Frieda Albertine Knef (28 December 1925 \u2013 1 February 2002) was a German actress, voice actress, singer, and writer. She was billed in some English-language films as Hildegard Neff or Hildegarde Neff.", "Q387671": "Branko Hofman (29 November 1929 \u2013 12 June 1991) was a Slovene poet, writer and playwright. As well as his poetry he is best known for his 1981 novel No\u010d do jutra (Night Till Morning) that deals with the subject of the Goli Otok prison.Hofman was born in Rogatec in 1929. He studied Comparative literature at the University of Ljubljana and worked as a journalist at Radio Koper and editor at Ve\u010der and the DZS Publishing House.\nHe won the Levstik Award in 1981 for his book Ringo Star.", "Q975547": "Jules Ralph Feiffer (born January 26, 1929) is an American cartoonist and author, who was considered the most widely read satirist in the country. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1986 as America's leading editorial cartoonist, and in 2004 he was inducted into the Comic Book Hall of Fame. He wrote the animated short Munro, which won an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 1961. The Library of Congress has recognized his \"remarkable legacy\", from 1946 to the present, as a cartoonist, playwright, screenwriter, adult and children's book author, illustrator, and art instructor.When Feiffer was 17 (in the mid-1940s) he became assistant to cartoonist Will Eisner. There he helped Eisner write and illustrate his comic strips, including The Spirit. He then became a staff cartoonist at The Village Voice beginning in 1956, where he produced the weekly comic strip titled Feiffer until 1997. His cartoons became nationally syndicated in 1959 and then appeared regularly in publications including the Los Angeles Times, the London Observer, The New Yorker, Playboy, Esquire, and The Nation. In 1997 he created the first op-ed page comic strip for the New York Times, which ran monthly until 2000.\nHe has written more than 35 books, plays and screenplays. His first of many collections of satirical cartoons, Sick, Sick, Sick, was published in 1958, and his first novel, Harry, the Rat With Women, in 1963. He wrote The Great Comic Book Heroes in 1965: the first history of the comic-book superheroes of the late 1930s and early 1940s and a tribute to their creators. In 1979 Feiffer created his first graphic novel, Tantrum. By 1993 he began writing and illustrating books aimed at young readers, with several of them winning awards.\nFeiffer began writing for the theater and film in 1961, with plays including Little Murders (1967), Feiffer's People (1969), and Knock Knock (1976). He wrote the screenplay for Carnal Knowledge (1971), directed by Mike Nichols, and Popeye (1980), directed by Robert Altman. Besides writing, he is currently an instructor with the MFA program at Stony Brook Southampton.", "Q634658": "Arkhip Mikhailovich Lyul'ka (Russian: \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0301\u043f \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u044e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430, Ukrainian: \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u043f \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u044e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430) (1908\u20131984), was a Soviet scientist and designer of jet engines, head of the OKB Lyulka, member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.", "Q85742": "Harald Braem alias Wolfram vom Stein (born July 23, 1944 in Berlin) is a German writer, designer and professor who specializes in color psychology.\nMr. Braem spent his childhood in Allendorf, Westerwald. He attended primary and secondary school in Hildesheim and later studied graphic design in Hildesheim and Hannover.\nHe has worked as a teacher, carried out comparative cultural investigations about matters related to archaeology and ancient history in the Canary Islands and the Egyptian pyramids, as well as conducted research pertaining to shamanism and cave painting.", "Q506652": "Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. Symptoms most often include fever and flank tenderness. Other symptoms may include nausea, burning with urination, and frequent urination. Complications may include pus around the kidney, sepsis, or kidney failure.It is typically due to a bacterial infection, most commonly Escherichia coli. Risk factors include sexual intercourse, prior urinary tract infections, diabetes, structural problems of the urinary tract, and spermicide use. The mechanism of infection is usually spread up the urinary tract. Less often infection occurs through the bloodstream. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and supported by urinalysis. If there is no improvement with treatment, medical imaging may be recommended.Pyelonephritis may be preventable by urination after sex and drinking sufficient fluids. Once present it is generally treated with antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone. Those with severe disease may require treatment in hospital. In those with certain structural problems of the urinary tract or kidney stones, surgery may be required.Pyelonephritis is common. About 1 to 2 per 1,000 women are affected a year and just under 0.5 per 1,000 males. Young adult females are most often affected, followed by the very young and old. With treatment, outcomes are generally good in young adults. Among people over the age of 65 the risk of death is about 40%.\n\n", "Q18113": "Wang Qishan (; Chinese: \u738b\u5c90\u5c71; born 19 July 1948) is a Chinese politician, and the current Vice President of the People's Republic of China. Wang is one of the leading figures behind China's foreign affairs, along with Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang. Between 2012 and 2017, Wang had served as the Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Communist Party's anti-corruption body, and a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, China's highest decision making body. He was instrumental in carrying out General Secretary Xi Jinping's anti-corruption campaign since 2013.Wang gained prominence in China's financial sector in the late 1980s. In 1994, Wang became the Governor of the China Construction Bank. Wang then successively served in three regional roles: Vice-Governor of Guangdong, Party Secretary of Hainan, and Mayor of Beijing. Wang then served as Vice-Premier in charge of finance and commercial affairs under premier Wen Jiabao from March 2008 to March 2013, during which he also gained a seat on the party's Politburo.", "Q706826": "Gabriel Gruber, S.J. (May 6, 1740 \u2013 April 7, 1805) was the second Superior General of the Society of Jesus in Russia.", "Q1176353": "David Eric Robertson (born July 19, 1958) is an American conductor. He was chief conductor of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra, and was formerly music director of the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra from 2005 until 2018.", "Q238295": "Minette Walters (born 26 September 1949) is an English crime writer.", "Q457409": "The Jetsons is an American animated sitcom produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. It originally aired in prime time from September 23, 1962, to March 17, 1963, then later in syndication. New episodes were produced in 1985 to 1987 as part of The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera block. It was Hanna-Barbera's Space Age counterpart to The Flintstones.While the Flintstones lived in a world which was a comical version of the \"stone age\", with machines powered by birds and dinosaurs, the Jetsons live in a comical version of a century in the future, with elaborate robotic contraptions, aliens, holograms, and whimsical inventions. The original series comprised 24 episodes and aired on Sunday nights on ABC beginning September 23, 1962, with prime time reruns continuing through September 22, 1963. It debuted as the first program broadcast in color on ABC-TV. (Only a handful of ABC-TV stations were capable of broadcasting in color in the early 1960s.) In contrast, The Flintstones, while always produced in color, was broadcast in black-and-white for its first two seasons.Following its primetime run, the show aired on Saturday mornings for decades, starting on ABC for the 1963\u201364 season and then on CBS and NBC. New episodes were produced for syndication from 1985 to 1987. No further specials or episodes of the show were produced after 1989 due to the deaths of stars George O'Hanlon and Mel Blanc. The 1990 film Jetsons: The Movie served as the series finale to the television show. Twenty-seven years later, a new direct-to-video animated movie, The Jetsons & WWE: Robo-WrestleMania!, was released in 2017.", "Q515148": "Regina de Jes\u00fas Betancourt Ram\u00edrez (born 16 December 1936) is a Colombian self-described mentalist, psychic, mystic, and faith healer who is better known to her followers as Regina 11. A now retired politician, she founded and led the Metapolitical Unitarian Movement, a political party that carried her to be Councilwoman for the City Councils of Bogot\u00e1, Medell\u00edn, San Rafael, Une, Vetas, and California, as well as Deputy to the Departamental Assembly of Cundinamarca, and finally Senator of Colombia. In addition she ran as a candidate for President of Colombia in the Colombian presidential elections of 1986, 1990, and 1994.\n\n", "Q109796": "Veronika Fitz (28 March 1936 \u2013 2 January 2020) was a German television actress.She also had some solo-shows on the stage and produced a few singles.", "Q139655": "James E. Davis (April 3, 1962 \u2013 July 23, 2003) was a New York City police officer, corrections officer and council member. He was murdered by a fellow politician in New York City Hall, in a bizarre instance of political rivalry turned violent.", "Q1711193": "Ali R\u0131za Binbo\u011fa (born 26 February 1950) is a Turkish singer.", "Q62867": "Judith Rakers (born 6 January 1976 in Paderborn, West Germany) is a German journalist and television presenter.", "Q446504": "Eleonora Anna Maria Felice de Fonseca Pimentel (born Leonor da Fonseca Pimentel Chaves; 13 January 1752 \u2013 20 August 1799) was an Italian poet and revolutionary connected with the Neapolitan revolution and subsequent short-lived Neapolitan Republic (also known as the Parthenopean Republic) of 1799, a sister republic of the French Republic and one of many set up in the 1790s in Europe.", "Q166351": "James Oliver Rigney Jr. (October 17, 1948 \u2013 September 16, 2007), better known by his pen name Robert Jordan, was an American author of epic fantasy. He is best known for the Wheel of Time series (finished by Brandon Sanderson upon Jordan's death) which comprises 14 books and a prequel novel. He is one of several writers to have written original Conan the Barbarian novels; his are highly acclaimed to this day. Rigney also wrote historical fiction under his pseudonym Reagan O'Neal, a western as Jackson O'Reilly, and dance criticism as Chang Lung. Additionally, he ghostwrote an \"international thriller\" that is still believed to have been written by someone else.", "Q128758": "In fiction and less frequently in non-fiction, satire is a genre of literature and performing arts, in which vices, follies, abuses and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement. Although satire is usually meant to be humorous, its greater purpose is often constructive social criticism, using wit to draw attention to both particular and wider issues in society.\nA feature of satire is strong irony or sarcasm \u2014\"in satire, irony is militant\", according to literary critic Northrup Frye\u2014 but parody, burlesque, exaggeration, juxtaposition, comparison, analogy, and double entendre are all frequently used in satirical speech and writing. This \"militant\" irony or sarcasm often professes to approve of (or at least accept as natural) the very things the satirist wishes to question.\nSatire is nowadays found in many artistic forms of expression, including internet memes, literature, plays, commentary, television shows, and media such as lyrics.", "Q6369278": "Karel Dobr\u00fd (born 2 May 1969) is a Czech film, television and stage actor. He is known for playing Liet-Kynes in the Dune 2000 miniseries, and Korba in the 2003 sequel Children of Dune, and as Matthias in Mission: Impossible. He also appeared in the award-winning film The Girl of Your Dreams by Fernando Trueba.", "Q98075": "Adolf Freiherr von Pfretzschner (August 15, 1820 \u2013 April 27, 1901) was a Bavarian politician.\nPfretzschner studied law in Munich and was subsequently employed at the administrations of Upper Bavaria and Middle Franconia. In 1849, he joined the Bavarian ministry of Finance. In 1865, he was appointed Bavarian Minister of State for Commerce and Public Works, in 1866 in addition also for Finance. In 1872 followed his appointment for Minister of State of the Royal House and Foreign Affairs and President of the Council of Ministers by King Ludwig II. In 1873, he was created a lifelong member of the Upper House of the Bavarian parliament. In 1880, Bismarck enforced Pfretzschner's resignation as Pfretzschner was seen as a modest liberal. The day following his resignation, he was elevated to barons' rank.", "Q787486": "The Automobile Club of France (French: Automobile Club de France) (ACF) is a men's club founded on November 12, 1895 by Albert de Dion, Paul Meyan, and its first president, the Dutch-born Baron Etienne van Zuylen van Nijevelt.\nThe Automobile Club of France, also known in French as \"ACF\" or \"l'Auto\", was initially located near the Paris Opera and benefited from a villa in the Bois de Boulogne. In 1898, the club moved to the exceptional site of the former \"Place Louis XV\" (currently Place de la Concorde) in order to offer its members more comfort in a prestigious setting. The club still occupies more than 10,000 square meters in the Hotels du Plessis-Belli\u00e8re and Moreau, both located between the H\u00f4tel de Crillon and the H\u00f4tel de Coislin, where France signed a treaty by which it became the first nation ever to recognize the independence of the United States.\nThe members of the Automobile Club of France enjoy several lounges, a swimming pool, a gym, a library containing more than 50,000 references, a movie theatre, bars, and dining rooms. Numerous activities are offered, including yoga, squash, shooting, billiards, and fencing. The facilities also include a hair salon and a travel agency.\nOn January 16, 1906, the French Automobile Club licensed the d\u00e9partement of Sarthe to organize an auto race. Their historical action marked the beginning of the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the French Grand Prix. Organized Grand Prix motor racing evolved to become the Paris-based Formula One organization. The 100th anniversary of the event was marked by the government of France issuing a commemorative coin.\nFrom 1906 to 1914 the Club regulated major races in France and established the rules for the annual national race dubbed a Grand Prix that was open to competitors from any country. World War I disrupted racing in France until 1921 at which time the national event returned under the official name \"ACF Grand Prix\" (French: Grand Prix de l'A.C.F.). This name was used until 1967 when it was changed to French Grand Prix.\nToday, the club maintains its head office and facilities on the Place de la Concorde in Paris.", "Q311613": "Michael Owen Rosenbaum (born July 11, 1972) is an American actor, producer, singer and comedian. He is known for his performance in Sorority Boys and for portraying Lex Luthor on the Superman television series Smallville, a role that TV Guide included in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time.Rosenbaum is also known for portraying Dutch Nilbog on FOX's Breaking In, and voiceover work in animation, such as his role of Wally West / The Flash in the DC animated universe. Between 2015 and 2016, he played the lead role in the TV Land comedy series Impastor.\nHe is also the lead singer of the band called Left on Laurel (formerly known as The Sandwich), with band members Rob Danson, Tom Lally, Kent Irwin and Carl Mcdowell. The band's first album, Saved By The Ground was released on October 4th 2019 and produced by Jason Manns.", "Q287665": "Isabella Mary Beeton (n\u00e9e Mayson; 14 March 1836 \u2013 6 February 1865), known as Mrs Beeton, was an English journalist, editor and writer. Her name is particularly associated with her first book, the 1861 work Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management. She was born in London and, after schooling in Islington, north London, and Heidelberg, Germany, she married Samuel Orchart Beeton, an ambitious publisher and magazine editor.\nIn 1857, less than a year after the wedding, Beeton began writing for one of her husband's publications, The Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine. She translated French fiction and wrote the cookery column, though all the recipes were plagiarised from other works or sent in by the magazine's readers. In 1859 the Beetons launched a series of 48-page monthly supplements to The Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine; the 24 instalments were published in one volume as Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management in October 1861, which sold 60,000 copies in the first year. Beeton was working on an abridged version of her book, which was to be titled The Dictionary of Every-Day Cookery, when she died of puerperal fever in February 1865 at the age of 28. She gave birth to four children, two of whom died in infancy, and had several miscarriages. Two of her biographers, Nancy Spain and Kathryn Hughes, posit the theory that Samuel had unknowingly contracted syphilis in a premarital liaison with a prostitute, and had unwittingly passed the disease on to his wife.\nThe Book of Household Management has been edited, revised and enlarged several times since Beeton's death and is still in print as at 2016. Food writers have stated that the subsequent editions of the work were far removed from and inferior to the original version. Several cookery writers, including Elizabeth David and Clarissa Dickson Wright, have criticised Beeton's work, particularly her use of other people's recipes. Others, such as the food writer Bee Wilson, consider the censure overstated, and that Beeton and her work should be thought extraordinary and admirable. Her name has become associated with knowledge and authority on Victorian cooking and home management, and the Oxford English Dictionary states that by 1891 the term Mrs Beeton had become used as a generic name for a domestic authority. She is also considered a strong influence in the building or shaping of a middle-class identity of the Victorian era.", "Q1036763": "The University of Chicago Law School is a professional graduate school of the University of Chicago. It is consistently ranked among the top law schools in the world, and has produced many distinguished alumni in the judiciary, academia, government, politics and business. It employs more than 200 full-time and part-time faculty and hosts more than 600 students in its Juris Doctor program, while also offering the Master of Laws, Master of Studies in Law and Doctor of Juridical Science degrees in law.\nThe law school was conceived in 1902 by the President of the University of Chicago, William Rainey Harper, who requested assistance from faculty at Harvard Law School in setting up the new school. Harper and the law school's first Dean, Joseph Henry Beale, designed the school's curriculum with inspiration from Ernst Freund's interdisciplinary approach to legal education. The construction of the school was financed by John D. Rockefeller and the cornerstone was laid by President Theodore Roosevelt. The law school opened for classes in 1903.\nIn the 1930s, the law school's curriculum was transformed by the emergence of the law and economics movement. Economists Aaron Director and Henry Calvert Simons taught courses integrated with the antitrust curriculum taught by statesman Edward H. Levi, leading to the development of the Chicago school of economics and the Chicago School approach to antitrust law. The law school expanded rapidly in the 1950s under Levi's leadership and, in the 1970s and 1980s, many scholars with connections to the social sciences were attracted to the school's influence in law and economics, including Nobel laureates Ronald Coase and Gary Becker and the most cited legal scholar of the 20th century, Richard A. Posner. Cass Sunstein and Richard Epstein, two of the three most-cited legal scholars of the early 21st century, were both members of the Chicago faculty for many years, as well.\nThe law school's flagship publication is the University of Chicago Law Review. Students edit two other independent law journals, with another three journals overseen by faculty. The law school was originally housed in Stuart Hall, a Gothic-style limestone building on the campus's main quadrangles. Since 1959, it has been housed in an Eero Saarinen-designed building across the Midway Plaisance from the main campus of the University of Chicago. The building was expanded in 1987 and again in 1998. It was renovated in 2008, preserving most of Saarinen's original structure.", "Q7100": "Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies approaches and methods traditionally used in physics to study biological phenomena. Biophysics covers all scales of biological organization, from molecular to organismic and populations. Biophysical research shares significant overlap with biochemistry, molecular biology, physical chemistry, physiology, nanotechnology, bioengineering, computational biology, biomechanics, developmental biology and systems biology.\nThe term biophysics was originally introduced by Karl Pearson in 1892. Ambiguously, the term biophysics is also regularly used in academia to indicate the study of the physical quantities (e.g. electric current, temperature, stress, entropy) in biological systems, which is, by definition, performed by physiology. Nevertheless, other biological sciences also perform research on the biophysical properties of living organisms including molecular biology, cell biology, biophysics, and biochemistry.", "Q504723": "The University of Siegen (German: Universit\u00e4t Siegen) is a public research university located in Siegen, North Rhine-Westphalia and is part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, a society of Germany's leading research universities. The University was founded in 1972. 18,618 students were enrolled at the university as of the year 2017.", "Q1391564": "Lev Leviev (born July 30, 1956) is an Israeli businessman, philanthropist and investor, of Uzbek Bukhari Jewish background, Known as the \"King of Diamonds\". Lev Leviev has a net worth of $1.0 billion as of March 2018, and has been a philanthropist for Hasidic Jewish causes in Eastern Europe and Israel. Beginning in the 1990s, Leviev avoided being directly involved with the Yeltsin family, and nurtured ties with Vladimir Putin. His diamond mining investments in Angola and his investments in Israeli settlements have been the target of protests. A prominent member of the Bukhari Jewish community, he is president of the World Congress of Bukharian Jews.\n\n", "Q87633": "Werner Klumpp (born 12 November 1928 in Baiersbronn, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) is a German politician. He was a German politician of the FDP. After the death of Franz-Josef R\u00f6der he was the interim Minister President of the Saarland (26 June 1979 to 5 July 1979).", "Q139133": "Just the Ticket is a 1998 film directed by Richard Wenk. It stars Andy Garc\u00eda and Andie MacDowell. Garcia was also the producer. The film was originally titled The Scalper.", "Q1571": "Marathi (English: ; \u092e\u0930\u093e\u0920\u0940 Mar\u0101\u1e6dh\u012b; Marathi: [m\u0259\u02c8\u027ea\u0288\u02b0i] (listen)) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly by around 83.1 million Marathi people of Maharashtra, India. It is the official language and co-official language in the Maharashtra and Goa states of Western India, respectively, and is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. With 83.1 million speakers in 2019, Marathi ranks 10th in the list of most spoken languages in the world. Marathi has the third largest number of native speakers in India, after Hindi and Bengali. The language has some of the oldest literature of all modern Indian languages, dating from around 600 AD. The major dialects of Marathi are Standard Marathi and the Varhadi dialect. Koli and Malvani Konkani have been heavily influenced by Marathi varieties.\nMarathi distinguishes inclusive and exclusive forms of 'we' and possesses a three-way gender system that features the neuter in addition to the masculine and the feminine. In its phonology, it contrasts apico-alveolar with alveopalatal affricates and alveolar with retroflex laterals ([l] and [\u026d] (Marathi letters \u0932 and \u0933 respectively).", "Q637437": "The Mighty B! is a 2008-2011 American animated television series created by Amy Poehler, Cynthia True and Erik Wiese for Nickelodeon. The series centers on Bessie Higgenbottom, an ambitious Honeybee girl scout who believes she will become The Mighty B (a superhero) if she collects every Honeybee badge. Bessie lives in San Francisco with her single mother Hilary, brother Ben and dog Happy. Poehler provides the voice of Bessie, who is loosely based on the character Cassie McMadison who Poehler played on the improvisational comedy troupes Upright Citizens Brigade and Second City.\nThe series ran on Nickelodeon from April 26, 2008 to January 16, 2010 when it was moved to Nicktoons on November 6, 2010. The series ended on June 12, 2011. Since its debut, the show has attracted an average 3.1 million viewers. In the second quarter of 2008, the show ranked among the top five animated programs on television.In September 2008, the show was renewed for a second and final season with 20 episodes that premiered on September 21, 2009.The Mighty B! was nominated for six Annie Awards and four Daytime Emmy Awards, winning one Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation. It has garnered one Artios Award nomination and one Golden Reel Award nomination.", "Q55775": "Alina Margolis-Edelman (18 April 1922 \u2013 23 March 2008) was a Polish physician, Holocaust survivor and resistance fighter during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, who was forced to flee Poland during a revival of anti-Semitism in Poland in 1968. Joining Doctors Without Borders, she later helped found Doctors of the World, participating in medical missions in Africa and the Middle East, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. Simultaneously, she worked as a physician, practicing at Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital and the Maternal-Infant Protection Service in Seine-Saint-Denis. In 1990, she returned to Poland and began an association \"Nobody's Children\" to fight against child abuse in Poland. She was the recipient of numerous awards and honors.", "Q289648": "The Silent World (French: Le Monde du silence) is a 1956 French documentary film co-directed by the famed French oceanographer Jacques Cousteau and a young Louis Malle. The Silent World was one of the first films to use underwater cinematography to show the ocean depths in color. Its title derives from Cousteau's 1953 book The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure.", "Q95237": "Michel Friedman (German pronunciation: [mi\u02c8\u0283\u025bl \u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0tman]; born 25 February 1956 in Paris) is a German lawyer, former CDU politician and talk show host. From 2000 to 2003 Friedman was vice president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, and president of the European Jewish Congress from 2001 to 2003. From 1998 to 2003 he had his own show on German television. Since 2004 he has been hosting a weekly talk show on N24 called Studio Friedman.\nFriedman is a lawyer by profession and studied law and philosophy.", "Q2723471": "Interscope Geffen A&M Records (IGA), also known as A&M Records Group, is an American umbrella label owned by Universal Music Group, consisting of record labels Interscope Records, Geffen Records, and A&M Records.", "Q174033": "Manolis A. Triantafyllidis (Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391. \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2; Athens, 15 November 1883 \u2013 Athens, 20 April 1959) was a major representative of the demotic movement in education in Greece. He was mostly active in Thessaloniki, at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. He is well known for his comprehensive grammar of Modern Greek. There is an institute named after him at the University of Thessaloniki (the Manolis Triantafyllidis Foundation, also known as the Institute of Modern Greek Studies), under whose auspices the Triantafyllidis Dictionary (formally, Dictionary of Common Modern Greek [\u039b\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2], 1998) was published.", "Q988384": "Oberlin is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States, southwest of Cleveland. Oberlin is the home of Oberlin College, a liberal arts college and music conservatory with approximately 3,000 students.\nThe town is the birthplace of the Anti-Saloon League and the Hall-H\u00e9roult process, the process of reducing aluminum from its fluoride salts by electrolysis, which made industrial production of aluminum possible.The population was 8,286 at the 2010 census.", "Q51513": "Hugo Laurenz August Hofmann von Hofmannsthal (German: [\u02c8hu\u02d0\u0261o f\u0254n \u02c8ho\u02d0fmansta\u02d0l]; 1 February 1874 \u2013 15 July 1929) was an Austrian prodigy, a novelist, librettist, poet, dramatist, narrator, and essayist.\n\n", "Q188288": "Douglas R. Oberhelman (born February 25, 1953) is an American businessman. He is the former CEO and Executive Chairman of Caterpillar Inc. in Peoria, Illinois.", "Q85024": "Robert Adolf Stemmle (10 June 1903 \u2013 24 February 1974) was a German screenwriter and film director. He wrote for 86 films between 1932 and 1967. He also directed 46 films between 1934 and 1970. His 1959 film Die unvollkommene Ehe was entered into the 1st Moscow International Film Festival. He was born in Magdeburg, Germany and died in Baden-Baden, Germany.", "Q60916": "The Spitzmeilen is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, lying on the border between the Swiss cantons of Glarus and St. Gallen. It lies between the valleys of Schilstal and Sernftal.", "Q122275": "Hans-Rudolf Merz (born 10 November 1942) is a Swiss politician of FDP.The Liberals and former member of the Swiss Federal Council. He was the head of the Federal Department of Finance (the Swiss finance minister) from 2004 to 2010 and President of the Swiss Confederation for 2009. On 6 August 2010 Merz announced his resignation for October 2010.Born in Herisau, Switzerland, he studied at Hochschule St. Gallen and graduated in 1971 with a DEA's degree and as Dr. rer. publ.", "Q768899": "Karl David Sebastian Dencik (born 31 October 1974) is a Swedish-Danish actor. He has acted in both Swedish and Danish films, and has also had major roles in English-language films including Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy, McMafia, Top of the Lake, Chernobyl, and the upcoming James Bond film No Time to Die .", "Q353420": "Reginald Fils-Aim\u00e9 ( FEE-s\u0259-may; born March 25, 1961) is an American businessman, most recognized as the former president and chief operating officer of Nintendo of America, the North American division of the Japanese video game company Nintendo, from 2006 to 2019, succeeding Tatsumi Kimishima. Prior to his promotion to President and COO, Fils-Aim\u00e9 was Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing. \nFils-Aim\u00e9 gained celebrity status among gamers following his appearance at Nintendo's E3 2004 press conference in May 2004, and helped to revitalize Nintendo's image as a major contender among the other video game console makers, Sony Interactive Entertainment and Microsoft. Fils-Aim\u00e9 had held previous sales and marketing executive roles at Procter & Gamble, Pizza Hut, Guinness, Derby Cycle, Panda Express, and VH1.\nFils-Aim\u00e9 retired as president of Nintendo of America on April 15, 2019 after an announcement on February 21 and was succeeded by Doug Bowser. He subsequently became a Leader in Residence at Cornell University and later named to the Board of Directors for GameStop.", "Q48042": "Sergey Fyodorovich Akhromeyev (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432; May 5, 1923 \u2013 August 24, 1991) was a Soviet military figure, Hero of the Soviet Union (1982) and Marshal of the Soviet Union (1983).\n\n", "Q343633": "Oliver Burgess Meredith (November 16, 1907 \u2013 September 9, 1997) was an American actor, director, producer, and writer. Active for more than six decades, Meredith has been called \"a virtuosic actor\" and \"one of the most accomplished actors of the century\". A lifetime member of the Actors Studio by invitation, he won several Emmys, was the first male actor to win the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor twice, and was nominated for two Academy Awards.He established himself as a leading man in Hollywood with critically acclaimed performances as George Milton in Of Mice and Men (1939), Ernie Pyle in The Story of G.I. Joe (1945), and the narrator of A Walk in the Sun (1945).\nMeredith was known later in his career for his appearances on The Twilight Zone and for portraying arch-villain The Penguin on the 1960s TV series Batman and boxing trainer Mickey Goldmill in the Rocky film series. For his performances in The Day of the Locust (1975) and Rocky (1976), he received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He later starred in the comedy Foul Play (1978) and the fantasy film Clash of the Titans (1981). He narrated numerous films and documentaries during his long career, including Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983).\"Although those performances renewed his popularity,\" observed Mel Gussow in The New York Times, \"they represented only a small part of a richly varied career in which he played many of the more demanding roles in classical and contemporary theater\u2014in plays by Shakespeare, O'Neill, Beckett and others.\"", "Q442004": "Horia Sima (3 July 1907 \u2013 25 May 1993) was a Romanian fascist politician, best known as the second and last leader of the fascist paramilitary movement known as the Iron Guard, also known as the Legion of the Archangel Michael. Sima was also the vice president of the council of ministers in Ion Antonescu's National Legionary State, and a short-lived minister in the government of Ion Gigurtu. In January 1941, Sima initiated and led the Legionnaires' Rebellion against Conduc\u0103tor Ion Antonescu and the Romanian Army, for which he was sentenced to death, as well as the Bucharest pogrom, the largest and most violent pogrom against Jews in the history of Muntenia. Following the rebellion, Sima escaped to Germany, and later to Spain, where he lived until his death.", "Q94129": "Siegfried Nagl (born 18 April 1963, in Graz) is, since 2003, the current mayor of Graz. He is a member of \u00d6VP, the Austrian People's Party. He was one of the many witnesses to the 2015 Graz van attack that killed three and injured more than 30.", "Q380678": "Harold Egbert Camping (July 19, 1921 \u2013 December 15, 2013) was an American Christian radio broadcaster, author and evangelist. Beginning in 1958, he served as president of Family Radio, a California-based radio station group that, at its peak, broadcast to more than 150 markets in the United States. In October 2011, he retired from active broadcasting following a stroke, but still maintained a role at Family Radio until his death. Camping is notorious for issuing a succession of failed predictions of dates for the End Times, which temporarily gained him a global following and millions of dollars of donations.Camping first predicted that the Judgment Day would occur on or about September 6, 1994. When it failed to occur, he revised the date to September 29 and then to October 2. In 2005, Camping predicted the Second Coming of Christ to May 21, 2011, whereupon the saved would be taken up to heaven in the rapture, and that \"there would follow five months of fire, brimstone and plagues on Earth, with millions of people dying each day, culminating on October 21, 2011, with the final destruction of the world.\"His prediction for May 21, 2011 was widely reported, in part because of a large-scale publicity campaign by Family Radio, and it prompted ridicule from atheist organizations and rebuttals from Christian organizations. After May 21 passed without the predicted events, Camping said he believed that a \"spiritual\" judgment had occurred on that date, and that the physical Rapture would occur on October 21, 2011, simultaneously with the final destruction of the universe by God. Except for one press appearance on May 23, 2011, Camping largely avoided press interviews after May 21, particularly after he suffered a stroke in June 2011. After October 21, 2011 passed without the predicted apocalypse, the mainstream media labeled Camping a false prophet and commented that his ministry would collapse after the \"failed 'Doomsday' prediction\".Camping was reported to have retired from his position at Family Radio on October 16, 2011, only days before his final prediction for the end of the world. However, his daughter later clarified that he had not retired outright, but was maintaining a role at Family Radio while working from home. Camping admitted in a private interview that he no longer believed that anybody could know the time of the Rapture or the end of the world, in stark contrast to his previously staunch position on the subject. In March 2012, he stated that his attempt to predict a date was \"sinful\", and that his critics had been right in emphasizing the words of Matthew 24:36: \"of that day and hour knoweth no man\". He added that he was now searching the Bible \"even more fervently...not to find dates, but to be more faithful in [his] understanding.\" After the failure of Camping's prophecies, Family Radio suffered a significant loss of assets, staff and revenue.Camping died on December 15, 2013 after complications sustained from a fall in his home two weeks earlier.", "Q57162": "Karl Wilhelm Otto Lilienthal (23 May 1848 \u2013 10 August 1896) was a German pioneer of aviation who became known as the \"flying man\". He was the first person to make well-documented, repeated, successful flights with gliders. Newspapers and magazines published photographs of Lilienthal gliding, favourably influencing public and scientific opinion about the possibility of flying machines becoming practical. On 9 August 1896, his glider stalled and he was unable to regain control. Falling from about 15 m (50 ft), he broke his neck and died the next day, 10 August 1896.", "Q40": "Austria ( (listen), ; German: \u00d6sterreich [\u02c8\u00f8\u02d0st\u0250\u0281a\u026a\u032f\u00e7] (listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik \u00d6sterreich, listen ), is a landlocked East Alpine country in the southern part of Central Europe. It is composed of nine federated states (Bundesl\u00e4nder), one of which is Vienna, Austria's capital and its largest city. It is bordered by Germany to the northwest, Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. Austria occupies an area of 83,879 km2 (32,386 sq mi) and has a population of nearly 9 million people. While German is the country's official language, many Austrians communicate informally in a variety of Bavarian dialects.Austria initially emerged as a margraviate around 976 and developed into a duchy and archduchy. In the 16th century, Austria started serving as the heart of the Habsburg Monarchy and the junior branch of the House of Habsburg \u2013 one of the most influential royal dynasties in history. As an archduchy, it was a major component and administrative centre of the Holy Roman Empire. Early in the 19th century, Austria established its own empire, which became a great power and the leading force of the German Confederation but pursued its own course independently of the other German states. Following the Austro-Prussian War and the compromise with Hungary, the Dual Monarchy was established.\nAustria was involved in World War I under Emperor Franz Joseph following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, the presumptive successor to the Austro-Hungarian throne. After the defeat and the dissolution of the Monarchy, the Republic of German-Austria was proclaimed with the intent of the union with Germany, which eventually failed because of the Allied Powers and the state remained unrecognized. In 1919 the First Austrian Republic became the legal successor of Austria. In 1938, the Austrian-born Adolf Hitler, who became the Chancellor of the German Reich, achieved the annexation of Austria by the Anschluss. Following the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945 and an extended period of Allied occupation, Austria was re-established as a sovereign and self-governing democratic nation known as the Second Republic.\nAustria is a parliamentary representative democracy with a directly elected Federal President as head of state and a Chancellor as head of the federal government. Major urban areas of Austria include Graz, Linz, Salzburg and Innsbruck. Austria is consistently ranked in the top 20 richest countries in the world by GDP per capita terms. The country has achieved a high standard of living and in 2018 was ranked 20th in the world for its Human Development Index. Vienna consistently ranks in the top internationally on quality-of-life indicators.The Second Republic declared its perpetual neutrality in foreign political affairs in 1955. Austria has been a member of the United Nations since 1955 and joined the European Union in 1995. It plays host to the OSCE and OPEC and is a founding member of the OECD and Interpol. Austria also signed the Schengen Agreement in 1995, and adopted the euro currency in 1999.", "Q65846": "Oensingen is a municipality in the district of G\u00e4u in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q7128": "Neuenkirch is a municipality in the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q110589": "Emmy Damerius-Koenen (March 15, 1903 \u2013 May 21, 1987) was an East German politician. She was married to Helmut Damerius from 1922 to 1927 and later, was married to Wilhelm Koenen. She was a member of the Communist Party of Germany and spent most of the Nazi era outside Germany, in the Soviet Union and other countries. She returned to Germany in December 1945, where she was active in East German women's organizations.", "Q97408": "Johann Heinrich Christian Schubart (28 February 1800, Marburg \u2013 1 May 1885, Kassel) was a German classical philologist and librarian.\nFrom 1816 to 1820 he studied ancient history at the University of Marburg, then continued his education at Heidelberg as a student of Friedrich Creuzer and Friedrich Christoph Schlosser. He obtained his doctorate in Marburg with the dissertation thesis De Hyperboreis, and for several years worked as a private tutor for various families of nobility in W\u00fcrttemberg and Austria. During this time period, he was also associated with the Heidelberger Jahrb\u00fccher (from 1825) and the Wiener Jahrb\u00fccher (from 1829).In 1834 he was named secretary at the Landesbibliothek Kassel, where he later obtained the positions of second librarian (1850) and first librarian (1874). In 1834 he was co-founder of the Verein f\u00fcr hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde (Association for Hessian history and geography), of which he was also an editor of its journal.", "Q138205": "Micah Solusod (born August 21, 1990) is an American voice actor at Funimation. His best-known role in anime has been the title character Soul Evans in Soul Eater, which was broadcast on Adult Swim's programming block Toonami. He debuted as Malek Yildrim Werner in Blassreiter, and later went on to play Toma Kamijo in A Certain Magical Index, Yuichiro Hyakuya in Seraph of the End, and Yuri Plisetsky in Yuri on Ice.", "Q265810": "Judith Miller (born January 2, 1948) is an American journalist and commentator known for her coverage of Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) program both before and after the 2003 invasion, which was later discovered to have been based on inaccurate information from the intelligence community. She worked in The New York Times' Washington bureau before joining Fox News in 2008.\nMiller co-wrote a book Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War, which became a top New York Times best seller shortly after she became a victim of a hoax anthrax letter at the time of the 2001 anthrax attacks.The New York Times determined that several stories she wrote about Iraq were inaccurate, and she was forced to resign from the paper in 2005. According to commentator Ken Silverstein, Miller's Iraq reporting \"effectively ended her career as a respectable journalist\". Miller defended her reporting, stating \"My job isn't to assess the government's information and be an independent intelligence analyst myself. My job is to tell readers of The New York Times what the government thought about Iraq's arsenal.\" She published a memoir, The Story: A Reporter's Journey, in April 2015.Miller was involved in the Plame Affair, where Valerie Plame was outed as a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) spy by Richard Armitage after her husband published a New York Times op-ed casting doubts on claims that Saddam Hussein sought to purchase uranium from Africa. Miller spent 85 days in jail for refusing to reveal that her source in the Plame Affair was Scooter Libby. Later, she contributed to the conservative Fox News Channel and Newsmax, and was a fellow at the conservative Manhattan Institute.", "Q385728": "The arrondissement of Nanterre is an arrondissement of France in the Hauts-de-Seine department in the \u00cele-de-France region. It has 17 communes. Its population is 888,181 (2016), and its area is 91.8 km2 (35.4 sq mi).", "Q448267": "Alvan Clark (March 8, 1804 \u2013 August 19, 1887), born in Ashfield, Massachusetts, the descendant of a Cape Cod whaling family of English ancestry, was an American astronomer and telescope maker. He started as a portrait painter and engraver (c.1830s-1850s), and at the age of 40 became involved in telescope making. Using glass blanks made by Chance Brothers of Birmingham and Feil-Mantois of Paris, his firm Alvan Clark & Sons ground lenses for refracting telescopes, including the largest in the world at the time: the 18.5-inch (47 cm) at Dearborn Observatory at the Old University of Chicago (the lens was originally intended for Ole Miss), the two 26-inch (66 cm) telescopes at the United States Naval Observatory and McCormick Observatory, the 30-inch (76 cm) at Pulkovo Observatory (destroyed in the Siege of Leningrad; only the lens survives), the 36-inch (91 cm) telescope at Lick Observatory (still third-largest) and later the 40-inch (100 cm) at Yerkes Observatory, which remains the largest successful refracting telescope in the world. One of Clark's sons, Alvan Graham Clark, discovered the dim companion of Sirius. His other son was George Bassett Clark; both sons were partners in the firm.\nTwo craters bear his name. The crater Clark on the Moon is jointly named for him and his son, Alvan Graham Clark, and one on Mars is named in his honor.Clark was also competitive in target shooting and received a patent for his device to allow bullets to be seated into a muzzle loading rifle without damage to either the bullet or the rifle's muzzle. Exclusive license to this patent (1,565 of April 24, 1840) was made to Edwin Wesson, brother of Daniel B. Wesson.", "Q762422": "August Eduard Komendant (October 2, 1906 \u2013 September 14, 1992) was an Estonian and American structural engineer and a pioneer in the field of prestressed concrete, which can be used to build stronger and more graceful structures than normal concrete. He was born in Estonia and educated in engineering in Germany. After World War II he immigrated to the United States, where he wrote several books on structural engineering and served as a professor of architecture at the University of Pennsylvania.\nKomendant worked with architect Louis Kahn in a productive but contentious collaboration that lasted from 1956 until Kahn's death in 1974. His innovative work as Kahn's structural engineer helped Kahn create several architecturally significant buildings, including two that won the prestigious Twenty-five Year Award given by the American Institute of Architects. He also served as structural engineer for architect Moshe Safdie on the Habitat 67 project in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.", "Q447154": "Suck is a 2009 rock-and-roll vampire black comedy horror film starring, written and directed by Rob Stefaniuk. Stefaniuk stars alongside Canadian actress Jessica Par\u00e9, Nicole de Boer (his castmate from the TV series Catwalk), Malcolm McDowell and rock artists Alice Cooper, Iggy Pop, Henry Rollins and Alex Lifeson of Rush. Production took place in and around Toronto in late 2008.", "Q1507013": "George Brough ( BRUF) (21 April 1890 \u2013 12 January 1970), was a motorcycle racer, world record holding motorcycle and automobile manufacturer, and showman. He was known for his powerful and expensive Brough Superior motorcycles which were the first superbikes. George died in 1970 but his legacy lives on in the many Brough Superior motorcycles maintained by enthusiasts to this day.\n\n", "Q100942": "Erwin Konrad Eduard Bumke (7 July 1874 \u2013 20 April 1945) was the last president of the Reichsgericht, the supreme civil and criminal court of the German Reich, serving from 1929 to 1945. As such, he should according to the Weimar Constitution have succeeded Paul von Hindenburg as the President of Germany upon the latter's death in August 1934 and thus the Head of State of Nazi Germany. The Law on the Head of State of the German Reich, passed by the Nazi-controlled Reichstag, prevented this (unconstitutionally) by combining the presidency with the chancellorship, making Adolf Hitler the undisputed F\u00fchrer of Germany.", "Q129308": "John (24 December 1166 \u2013 19 October 1216) was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. He lost the Duchy of Normandy and most of his other French lands to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the French Capetian dynasty during the 13th century. The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of Magna Carta, a document sometimes considered an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.\nJohn was the youngest of the four surviving sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was nicknamed John Lackland because he was not expected to inherit significant lands. He became Henry's favourite child following the failed revolt of 1173\u201374 by his brothers Henry the Young King, Richard, and Geoffrey against the King. John was appointed the Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given lands in England and on the continent. The war between Henry II and his eldest sons ended with the deaths of Henry the Young King and Geoffrey. John unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against the royal administrators of his brother, King Richard, whilst Richard was participating in the Third Crusade, but he was proclaimed king after Richard died in 1199. He came to an agreement with Philip II of France to recognise John's possession of the continental Angevin lands at the peace treaty of Le Goulet in 1200.\nWhen war with France broke out again in 1202, John achieved early victories, but shortages of military resources and his treatment of Norman, Breton, and Anjou nobles resulted in the collapse of his empire in northern France in 1204. He spent much of the next decade attempting to regain these lands, raising huge revenues, reforming his armed forces and rebuilding continental alliances. His judicial reforms had a lasting effect on the English common law system, as well as providing an additional source of revenue. An argument with Pope Innocent III led to John's excommunication in 1209, a dispute he finally settled in 1213. John's attempt to defeat Philip in 1214 failed due to the French victory over John's allies at the battle of Bouvines. When he returned to England, John faced a rebellion by many of his barons, who were unhappy with his fiscal policies and his treatment of many of England's most powerful nobles. Although both John and the barons agreed to the Magna Carta peace treaty in 1215, neither side complied with its conditions. Civil war broke out shortly afterwards, with the barons aided by Louis VIII of France. It soon descended into a stalemate. John died of dysentery contracted whilst on campaign in eastern England during late 1216; supporters of his son Henry III went on to achieve victory over Louis and the rebel barons the following year.\nContemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John's performance as king, and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the current historical opinion of John's positive qualities, observing that John is today usually considered a \"hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general\". Nonetheless, modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king, including what historian Ralph Turner describes as \"distasteful, even dangerous personality traits\", such as pettiness, spitefulness, and cruelty. These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era, and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture, primarily as a villain in films and stories depicting the Robin Hood legends.", "Q515606": "Efraim Sevela (Russian: \u042d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430, Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e1\u05d1\u05dc\u05d4\u200e, pen-name of Efim Evelevich Drabkin \u2013 Russian: \u0415\u0444\u0438\u043c \u0415\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043a\u0438\u043d; March 8, 1928, Babruysk, Mahilyow Voblast, Belarus \u2013 August 18, 2010) was a Soviet writer, screenwriter, director, producer, who after his emigration from the Soviet Union lived in Israel, USA and Russia.\nEfraim Sevela was born to Jewish parents. His father was an officer. During World War 2, him and his family were evacuated from the fronline in 1941. After finishing school Sevela was admitted into the Belarusian State University and became a screenwriter for many Soviet patriotic films. At the end of the 1960s, Sevela joined the Jewish Soviet dissidents and took part in the capture of the main office of the head of the Soviet government in 1971. Sevela was expatriated to Israel. A\u0441\u0441ording to his own words, the 45-year-old Sevela participated in the Yom Kippur War where he was wounded. In 1977 he left Israel for the United States. Efraim Sevela worked and lived in many cities such as London, Paris, and West Berlin.\nIn 1990 Efraim Sevela came back to the USSR and started filming very successful movies based on his works.", "Q19543": "Hans Sachs (5 November 1494 \u2013 19 January 1576) was a German Meistersinger (\"mastersinger\"), poet, playwright, and shoemaker.", "Q240460": "Jennifer O'Neill (born February 20, 1948) is a Brazilian-American actress, model, author and speaker, known for her role in the 1971 film Summer of '42 and modelling for CoverGirl cosmetics starting in the 1963.", "Q271865": "Helen Luella Koford (born January 7, 1929), better known as Terry Moore, is an American film and television actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Come Back, Little Sheba (1952).\nShe is one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood.", "Q68": "A computer is a machine that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming. Modern computers have the ability to follow generalized sets of operations, called programs. These programs enable computers to perform an extremely wide range of tasks. A \"complete\" computer including the hardware, the operating system (main software), and peripheral equipment required and used for \"full\" operation can be referred to as a computer system. This term may as well be used for a group of computers that are connected and work together, in particular a computer network or computer cluster.\nComputers are used as control systems for a wide variety of industrial and consumer devices. This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, factory devices such as industrial robots and computer-aided design, and also general purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices such as smartphones. The Internet is run on computers and it connects hundreds of millions of other computers and their users.\nEarly computers were only conceived as calculating devices. Since ancient times, simple manual devices like the abacus aided people in doing calculations. Early in the Industrial Revolution, some mechanical devices were built to automate long tedious tasks, such as guiding patterns for looms. More sophisticated electrical machines did specialized analog calculations in the early 20th century. The first digital electronic calculating machines were developed during World War II. The first semiconductor transistors in the late 1940s were followed by the silicon-based MOSFET (MOS transistor) and monolithic integrated circuit (IC) chip technologies in the late 1950s, leading to the microprocessor and the microcomputer revolution in the 1970s. The speed, power and versatility of computers have been increasing dramatically ever since then, with MOS transistor counts increasing at a rapid pace (as predicted by Moore's law), leading to the Digital Revolution during the late 20th to early 21st centuries.\nConventionally, a modern computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU) in the form of a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) microprocessor, along with some type of computer memory, typically MOS semiconductor memory chips. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logical operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices include input devices (keyboards, mice, joystick, etc.), output devices (monitor screens, printers, etc.), and input/output devices that perform both functions (e.g., the 2000s-era touchscreen). Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source and they enable the result of operations to be saved and retrieved.", "Q175305": "Simon Rex Cutright (born July 20, 1974), also known as Dirt Nasty, is an American actor, rapper, comedian, and model. Rising to fame as an MTV VJ, Rex later became an actor known for What I Like About You, starring in three films of the Scary Movie franchise, and National Lampoon's Pledge This!. He later developed a rap persona, Dirt Nasty, and had several solo albums and co-founded the supergroup Three Loco.", "Q518322": "The AVN (Adult Video News) Hall of Fame has honored people for their work in the adult entertainment industry since 1995. The individuals inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame have \"made significant contributions to the adult industry\" and have had \"a minimum of 10 years in the industry\" to be considered for induction.There are several branches of the AVN Hall of Fame; performers and directors enter the original AVN, video-based Hall of Fame. The Founders branch is \"for those who founded the industry\u2019s pioneering companies\". The Internet Founders Branch is \"for those who built the online sector\" of the industry. The Pleasure Products branch is \"for manufacturers, distributors, and retailers of sex toys\"; The Executive branch is \"for key members of the industry who work behind the scenes in the corporate offices or excelled in other capacities\u2014for example, in sales, marketing, or education\".\n\n", "Q464955": "Windsor is a historic market town and unparished area in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. It is widely known as the site of Windsor Castle, one of the official residences of the British Royal Family.\nThe town is situated 21.7 miles (34.9 km) west of Charing Cross, central London, 5.8 miles (9.3 km) southeast of Maidenhead, and 15.8 miles (25.4 km) east of the county town of Reading. It is immediately south of the River Thames, which forms its boundary with its smaller, ancient twin town of Eton. The village of Old Windsor, just over 2 miles (3 km) to the south, predates what is now called Windsor by around 300 years; in the past Windsor was formally referred to as New Windsor to distinguish the two.", "Q175463": "Anthony James Clarke, Baron Clarke of Hampstead, CBE (called Tony; born 17 April 1932) is an English trade unionist and Labour Party politician.", "Q312454": "Paulo Roberto Falc\u00e3o, or simply Falc\u00e3o (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8pawlu \u0281o\u02c8b\u025b\u0281tu faw\u02c8k\u0250\u0303w\u0303]; born 16 October 1953), is a Brazilian former footballer and football manager. He is widely considered one of the best players in Internacional and Roma history playing also for S\u00e3o Paulo, and he is universally considered one of the greatest Brazilian players of all time, especially at his peak in the 1980s. At one stage, he was the world's highest paid footballer. Due to his success and performances with Roma, he earned the nickname \"the eighth King of Rome\" from the fans, and was inducted into the A.S. Roma Hall of Fame in 2013.For the Brazil national team, Falc\u00e3o was capped 34 times between February 1976 and June 1986. He appeared at the 1982 FIFA World Cup, playing in midfield alongside Zico, S\u00f3crates and \u00c9der, considered one of the greatest Brazilian national teams ever. He was named by Pel\u00e9 one of the 125 Greatest Living Footballers at a FIFA Awards ceremony in 2004. Radamel Falcao's father was a footballer and football fan and named him after Falc\u00e3o.", "Q455236": "Alexis Andrew Nicholas Koerner (19 April 1928 \u2013 1 January 1984), known professionally as Alexis Korner, was a British blues musician and radio broadcaster, who has sometimes been referred to as \"a founding father of British blues\". A major influence on the sound of the British music scene in the 1960s, Korner was instrumental in the formation of several notable British bands including The Rolling Stones and Free.\n\n", "Q123625": "Jakob Amsler-Laffon (11 November 1823 \u2013 3 January 1912) was a mathematician, physicist, engineer and the founder of his own factory. Amsler was born on the Stalden near the village of Schinznach in the district of Brugg, canton Aargau, and died in Schaffhausen, Switzerland. His father was Jakob Amsler-Amsler (1779\u20131869).\nOn graduating from school in 1843, he went to the University of Jena and then to the University of K\u00f6nigsberg to study theology. At K\u00f6nigsberg he changed courses, deciding to focus on mathematics and physics after meeting the inspiring Franz Neumann. Among Amsler's fellow students at K\u00f6nigsberg were Gustav Robert Kirchhoff and Siegfried Heinrich Aronhold. Amsler gained his doctorate from K\u00f6nigsberg in 1848 and returned to Switzerland in the same year. In 1851 he became a Privatdozent at the University of Z\u00fcrich and later in that year accepted a position as a mathematics teacher at the Gymnasium in Schaffhausen. In 1854 Amsler married Elise Laffon (1830\u20131899). The couple had two daughters and three sons. Their oldest son Alfred Amsler (1857\u20131940) was a mathematician and engineer in his own right and succeeded to his father as the owner and director of the factory. From about 1885 until about 1905, father and son closely cooperated on many projects in their business; many of their ideas, inventions and constructions of the time are difficult to attribute to either one of them.\nJakob Amsler-Laffon invented the polar planimeter in 1854.", "Q70293": "Merzligen is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q165670": "The Kisfaludy Society (Hungarian: Kisfaludy T\u00e1rsas\u00e1g) was a literary society in Pest, founded in 1836 and named after K\u00e1roly Kisfaludy, who had died in 1830. It held monthly meetings and was a major force in Hungarian literary life, giving prizes, funding the collection of folk songs, and sponsoring the publication of works like Imre Mad\u00e1ch's The Tragedy of Man. It dissolved in 1952.", "Q19225": "John Tsang Chun-wah, GBM, JP (Chinese: \u66fe\u4fca\u83ef; born 21 April 1951) is a Hong Kong former senior civil servant and government official who was the longest-serving Financial Secretary in the Special Administrative Region period to date.\nBorn in Hong Kong and raised and educated in the United States, Tsang worked in the Hong Kong government for more than thirty years. He was the private secretary to the last colonial governor Chris Patten and was promoted to Secretary for Commerce, Industry and Technology in 2003. He worked as director of the Office of the Chief Executive under Donald Tsang administration from 2006 to 2007.\nIn July 2007, he was appointed Financial Secretary by Donald Tsang. He proposed the Scheme $6,000 tax rebate to all Hong Kong residents in his 2011 Budget. He continued to serve in the Leung Chun-ying administration until January 2017, when he resigned to run in the 2017 Chief Executive election. Despite his lead in the opinion poll by large margin throughout the campaign, he lost the bid to Carrie Lam.\nTsang is currently engaged in a number of diverse activities. He is the Founder of Esperanza, a non-profit organisation, the Vice Chairman of Ion Pacific, a financial institution that specialises in technology investments, the Senior Advisor of Bowtie, a virtual insurance company, the host of a weekly music programme on Commercial Radio and the fencing coach of La Salle College.", "Q322597": "Carl Wayne (born Colin David Tooley; 18 August 1943 \u2013 31 August 2004) was an English singer and actor. He is best remembered as the lead singer of The Move in the 1960s.\n\n", "Q2350126": "A vocal coach, also known as a voice coach (though this term often applies to those working with speech and communication rather than singing), is a music teacher, usually a piano accompanist, who helps singers prepare for a performance, often also helping them to improve their singing technique and take care of and develop their voice, but is not the same as a singing teacher (also called a \"voice teacher\"). Vocal coaches may give private music lessons or group workshops or masterclasses to singers. They may also coach singers who are rehearsing on stage, or who are singing during a recording session. Vocal coaches are used in both Classical music and in popular music styles such as rock and gospel. While some vocal coaches provide a range of instruction on singing techniques, others specialize in areas such as breathing techniques or diction and pronunciation.", "Q16116": "Forchheim is a town in Upper Franconia (German: Oberfranken) in northern Bavaria, and also the seat of the administrative district of Forchheim. Forchheim is a former royal city, and is sometimes called the Gateway to the Franconian Switzerland, referring to the region of outstanding natural beauty to the north east of the town. Nowadays Forchheim is most famous for its ten day long beer and music festival (Annafest) which takes place in late July in an idyllic wooded hillside, home to 24 beer gardens, on the outskirts of the town. Forchheim's population, as of December 2013, was 30,705, and its land area is 44.95 square kilometres (17.36 square miles). Its position is 49\u00b0 44' N, 11\u00b0 04' E and its elevation is 265 metres (869 feet) above sea level.", "Q278699": "Sir William Petty FRS (26 May 1623 \u2013 16 December 1687) was an English economist, physician, scientist and philosopher. He first became prominent serving Oliver Cromwell and the Commonwealth in Ireland. He developed efficient methods to survey the land that was to be confiscated and given to Cromwell's soldiers. He also remained a significant figure under King Charles II and King James II, as did many others who had served Cromwell.\nPetty was briefly a Member of the Parliament of England and was also a scientist, inventor, and merchant, and was a charter member of the Royal Society. It is for his theories on economics and his methods of political arithmetic that he is best remembered, however, and to him is attributed the philosophy of \"laissez-faire\" in relation to government activity. He was knighted in 1661. He was the great-grandfather of Prime Minister William Petty Fitzmaurice, 2nd Earl of Shelburne and 1st Marquess of Lansdowne.", "Q2736": "Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played with a spherical ball between two teams of 11 players. It is played by approximately 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport. The game is played on a rectangular field called a pitch with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by moving the ball beyond the goal line into the opposing goal.\nFootball is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game. The ball is 68\u201370 cm (27\u201328 in) in circumference and known as the football. The two teams each compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is a draw. Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by the Laws of the Game: to represent their team in the coin toss prior to kick-off or penalty kicks.Players are not allowed to touch the ball with hands or arms while it is in play, except for the goalkeepers within the penalty area. Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use any other part of their body except the hands and the arms. The team that scores most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition.\nFootball is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years. The FIFA World Cup has taken place every four years since 1930 with the exception of 1942 and 1946 tournaments, which were cancelled due to World War II. Approximately 190\u2013200 national teams compete in qualifying tournaments within the scope of continental confederations for a place in the finals. The finals tournament, which is held every four years, involves 32 national teams competing over a four-week period. It is the most prestigious football tournament in the world as well as the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world, exceeding the Olympic Games.\nThe most prestigious competition in club football is the UEFA Champions League which attracts an extensive television audience throughout the world. The final of the tournament has been, in recent years, the most-watched annual sporting event in the world. The top five European leagues are the Premier League (England), La Liga (Spain), Bundesliga (Germany), Serie A (Italy), and Ligue 1 (France). Attracting most of the world's best players, each of the leagues has a total wage cost in excess of \u00a3600 million/\u20ac763 million/US$1.185 billion.Football is one of a family of football codes, which emerged from various ball games played worldwide since antiquity. The modern game traces its origins to 1863 when the Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association.", "Q374909": "Adriana Budevska (13 December 1878 \u2013 9 December 1955), was a Bulgarian actress, one of the founders of the professional theater in Bulgaria. She is considered one of the biggest Bulgarian interpretators of tragic roles.\nShe was born in Dobrich. She graduated from school in Varna. In 1895, after a contest, she won a scholarship to study at the Mali theater in Moscow. After completing four years training she returned to Bulgaria in 1899, where she debuted in the role of Vassilis Melentieva in the eponymous play \"Tear and Laughter\" by A.N. Ostrovsky in the capital's theatre company. From 1906 to 1926, she was active in the National Theatre. She married Hristo Ganev - one of the founders of Bagarskiya professional theater. In 1926, she was dismissed after more than 10 years as one of the prime creative forces, standing outside the scene, and in 1937, she went to South America with her son, not returning until 1948. On 20 February 1949, the community celebrated her 70th anniversary. Adriana Budevska contributed to the Bulgarian theater with the realistic traditions of Russian theater, and with the focus of classical repertoire. She was the author of numerous articles, portraits of artists, memories. Some of her more noted roles where: Nina Zarechnaya, Mila, Price, Sonja, ConCon, Ophelia, Lady Macbeth, Nora, Mona Bath, Marguerite Gautier, Emilia gallons. She died in Sofia.", "Q173012": "British Racing Motors (BRM) was a British Formula One motor racing team. Founded in 1945 and based in the market town of Bourne in Lincolnshire, it participated from 1951 to 1977, competing in 197 grands prix and winning seventeen. BRM won the constructors' title in 1962 when its driver Graham Hill became world champion. In 1963, 1964, 1965 and 1971, BRM came second in the constructors' competition.", "Q3233780": "The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (also known as NASEM or the National Academies) is the collective scientific national academy of the United States. The name is used interchangeably in two senses: (1) as an umbrella term for its three quasi-independent honorific member organizations the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM); and (2) as the brand for studies and reports issued by the operating arm of the three academies, the National Research Council (NRC). The NRC was first formed in 1916 as an activity of the NAS. Now jointly governed by all three academies, it produces some 200 publications annually which are published by the National Academies Press.\n\n", "Q210531": "The London Borough of Enfield (pronunciation ) is a London borough in North London. It borders the London Borough of Barnet to the west, the London Borough of Haringey to the south and the London Borough of Waltham Forest to the southeast, as well as the districts of Hertsmere to the northwest, both Welwyn Hatfield and Broxbourne to the north (in Hertfordshire) and Epping Forest to the east (in Essex). The local authority is Enfield London Borough Council. The main towns in the borough are Edmonton, Enfield Town, Southgate and Palmers Green.", "Q4893431": "Bernard McGlinchey (18 October 1932 \u2013 11 April 2013) was an Irish businessman and Fianna F\u00e1il politician. He was a member of Seanad \u00c9ireann from 1961 to 1981, and from 1982 to 1983.", "Q653833": "The Alliance for the Future of Austria (German: B\u00fcndnis Zukunft \u00d6sterreich; BZ\u00d6) is a right-wing populist, national conservative political party in Austria.\nThe BZ\u00d6 was founded on 3 April 2005 by J\u00f6rg Haider as a moderate splinter from the Freedom Party of Austria (FP\u00d6) and immediately took the FP\u00d6's place in coalition with the Austrian People's Party (\u00d6VP). The party won seven seats at the 2006 election, ending its involvement in government. The September 2008 election saw the BZ\u00d6 breakthrough with 21 seats, while the FP\u00d6's vote also increased. Thirteen days after the election, Haider died in a car crash; in April 2009, Josef Bucher became leader. Under Bucher's leadership, the party moved towards economic liberalism, leading to the secession of the party's Carinthia branch to form the Freedom Party in Carinthia in December 2009.\nUnder Bucher, the party became economically liberal and socially conservative. The party aims to take ground from the \u00d6VP by defending the middle class and free markets: supporting a flat tax (currently a model with 44% which exists as calculator tool on the party's website), privatisation of utilities, and large reductions in both bureaucracy and the government debt. The party takes a more moderate position than the FP\u00d6 on immigration \u2013 proposing the introduction of a 'green card' \u2013 and is in some ways 'eurosceptic'. Unlike the FP\u00d6, the BZ\u00d6 is notably for the reintroduction of tuition fees, abandoning conscription and the adoption of a system of Common Security and Defence Policy in the European Union.", "Q443454": "Lara Wendel (born Daniela Barnes; 29 March 1965) is a German former actress who was active in Italian cinema and television.", "Q234487": "Beverley Ann Mitchell (born January 22, 1981) is an American actress and country music singer. She is best known for her role as Lucy Camden on the television series 7th Heaven.", "Q289106": "Cat Chaser is a 1989 film directed by Abel Ferrara and starring Peter Weller and Kelly McGillis, based on the novel of the same name by Elmore Leonard. It was adapted from the novel by Leonard and James Borelli.\nA three-hour raw cut of \"Cat Chaser\" was screened at Anthology Film Archives in New York City in the summer of 2014. Ferrara, Weller and others involved are very unhappy with the released version, particularly with the added omniscient narration (Weller refused to provide this narration, so producers Peter Davis and William Panzer hired actor Reni Santoni instead). \n\n", "Q948188": "Hemet is a city in the San Jacinto Valley in Riverside County, California, United States. It covers a total area of 27.8 square miles (72 km2), about half of the valley, which it shares with the neighboring city of San Jacinto. The population was 78,657 at the 2010 census.\nThe founding of Hemet antedates the formation of Riverside County. The formation of Lake Hemet helped the city to grow and stimulated agriculture in the area. The city is known for being the home of The Ramona Pageant, California's official outdoor play. Started in 1923, the play is one of the longest running outdoor plays in the United States. Hemet has been named a Tree City USA for 20 years by the Arbor Day Foundation for its dedication to the local forest. The city is home to the Hemet Valley Medical Center, a 320-bed general hospital.", "Q62697": "Oswald Karch (born 6 March 1917 in Ludwigshafen \u2013 died 28 January 2009 in Mannheim) was a racing driver from Germany. He participated in one World Championship Formula One Grand Prix, the 1953 German Grand Prix. He retired from the race, scoring no championship points.", "Q131221": "Futurism (Italian: Futurismo) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It emphasised speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane, and the industrial city. Its key figures were the Italians Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carr\u00e0, Gino Severini, Giacomo Balla, and Luigi Russolo. It glorified modernity and aimed to liberate Italy from the weight of its past. Cubism contributed to the formation of Italian Futurism's artistic style. Important Futurist works included Marinetti's Manifesto of Futurism, Boccioni's sculpture Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, Balla's painting Abstract Speed + Sound, and Russolo's The Art of Noises.\nAlthough it was largely an Italian phenomenon, there were parallel movements in Portugal and especially in Russia, where some Russian Futurists would later go on to found groups of their own; other countries, such as England, had either a few Futurists, or movements inspired by Futurism. The Futurists practiced in every medium of art, including painting, sculpture, ceramics, graphic design, industrial design, interior design, urban design, theatre, film, fashion, textiles, literature, music, architecture, and even cooking. \nTo some extent Futurism influenced the art movements Art Deco, Constructivism, Surrealism, and Dada, and to a greater degree Precisionism, Rayonism, and Vorticism.", "Q320380": "Abgeschminkt! (English: Making Up!) is a German film directed by Katja von Garnier. It was released in 1993.", "Q193680": "\u00c9mile Adolphe Gustave Verhaeren (Dutch: [v\u0259r\u02c8\u0266a\u02d0r\u0259n]; 21 May 1855 \u2013 27 November 1916) was a Belgian poet and art critic who wrote in the French language. He was one of the founders of the school of Symbolism and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature on six occasions.", "Q5763964": "The Hillside Memorial Park and Mortuary is a Jewish cemetery located at 6001 West Centinela Avenue, in Culver City, California, United States. Many Jews from the entertainment industry are buried here. The cemetery is known for Al Jolson's elaborate tomb (designed by Los Angeles architect Paul Williams), a 75-foot-high pergola and monument atop a hill above a water cascade, all visible from the adjacent San Diego Freeway.", "Q328904": "Harley Francis Flanagan (born March 8, 1967) is a musician, writer and Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner. He is one of the founders of New York Hardcore band Cro-Mags.\nAt age 12, Flanagan was the drummer for the New York Punk band the Stimulators. When he was nine years old, Flanagan published a book of poetry and drawings written when he was seven years old, with a foreword written by family friend Allen Ginsberg.", "Q107793": "Stefan Kaufmann (* 21. August 1969 in Stuttgart) is a German politician and member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).\n\n", "Q6544": "Libourne (French pronunciation: \u200b[libu\u0281n]; Gascon: Liborna [li\u02c8bu\u027en\u0254]) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department.\nIt is the wine-making capital of northern Gironde and lies near Saint-\u00c9milion and Pomerol.", "Q3008976": "Cyril Hubert Marie Bourlon de Rouvre is a French businessman and politician, born 19 December 1945 at Boulogne-Billancourt.", "Q96064": "Carl Hueter (27 November 1838 \u2013 12 May 1882) was a German surgeon born in Marburg. He was the son of obstetrician Karl Christoph Hueter (1803\u20131857).\nIn 1854 began his medical studies in Marburg at the age of 16. Following the state examination in Kassel (1858), he continued his education in Berlin, Vienna, England and Paris. In Paris (1861\u201363) he performed research of human joint anatomy. In 1865 he became an assistant to Bernhard von Langenbeck (1810-1887) in Berlin, and in 1868 succeeded surgeon Gustav Simon (1824-1876) at the University of Rostock. In 1870 he was appointed professor of surgery at the University of Greifswald, where in 1877 he was named university rector.\nHueter was the author of a highly regarded work on joint diseases, Klinik der Gelenkkrankheiten mit Einschluss der Orthop\u00e4die (1870), and with Strasbourg surgeon Georg Albert L\u00fccke (1829\u20131894), he was co-founder of the journal Deutsche Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Chirurgie. With Richard von Volkmann (1830-1889), the \"Hueter-Volkmann Law\" is named, which is an orthopedic rule regarding bone growth which states \"that compression forces inhibit growth and tensile forces stimulate growth\". Hueter is credited with coining the term \"hallux valgus\" in 1871 to define lateral deviation of the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal articulation.", "Q3249038": "Zoo Entertainment was an American record label formed in 1990 by Lou Maglia. Zoo released three platinum Tool records, as well as gold records by Green Jell\u00ff and Matthew Sweet. During its early, successful years, music industry executive George Daly was the label's original Vice President of A&R.", "Q73956": "Ambrosius Lobwasser (1515\u20131585) was a German humanist and translator, born in Saxony. He served as professor of jurisprudence at the University of K\u00f6nigsberg from 1563 until his retirement in 1580, but is best known for his Psalter des K\u00f6niglichen Propheten David, published in 1573 (Leipzig). This metrical psalter, a translation of the Genevan Psalter, became one of the standard psalm-books used by the evangelical churches of the German-speaking lands, including Switzerland (the Genevan Psalter had been written in French). The Lobwasser psalter was widely reprinted into the 1800s.Psalmbooks and hymnbooks descended from the Lobwasser psalter continue in use today in the worldwide communities of faith descended from Anabaptism, including many branches of the Amish and Mennonite faiths of the US and Canada. Lobwasser also published contemporary hymns, including a sacred song composed by the evangelical Princess Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenb\u00fcttel.", "Q81518": "Fran\u00e7ois Achille Bazaine (13 February 1811 \u2013 23 September 1888) was an officer of the French army. Rising from the ranks, during four decades of distinguished service (including 35 years on campaign) under Louis-Philippe and then Napoleon III, he held every rank in the army from Fusilier to Marshal of France. He became renowned for his determination to lead from the front, for his impassive bearing under fire and for personal bravery verging on the foolhardy, which resulted in him being wounded on numerous occasions and having his horse shot from under him twice. From 1863 he was a Marshal of France, and it was in this role that he surrendered the last organized French army to Prussia during the Franco-Prussian war, during the siege of Metz.\nSentenced to death by the government of the Third Republic following the war, his sentence was commuted to 20 years imprisonment in exile, from which he subsequently escaped. He eventually settled in Spain where aged 77, he died alone and impoverished in 1888. To the Foreign Legion he remains a hero and to this day is honoured as one of their bravest soldiers.", "Q587416": "The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit third-generation home video game console produced, released, and marketed by Nintendo. It is a remodelled export version of the company's Family Computer (FC) platform in Japan, commonly known as the Famicom, which was launched on July 15, 1983. The NES was launched in a test market of New York City on October 18, 1985, followed by Los Angeles as a second test market in February 1986, followed by Chicago and San Francisco, then other top 12 American markets, followed by a full launch across North America and some countries in Europe in September 1986, followed by Australia and other countries in Europe in 1987. Brazil saw only unlicensed clones until the official local release in 1993. The console's South Korean release was packaged as the Hyundai Comboy and distributed by Hyundai Electronics (now SK Hynix).\nAs one of the best-selling gaming consoles of its time, the NES helped revitalize the US video game industry following the video game crash of 1983. With the NES, Nintendo introduced a now-standard business model of licensing third-party developers, authorizing them to produce and distribute games for Nintendo's platform. It had been preceded by Nintendo's first home video game console, the Color TV-Game, and was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES).", "Q235955": "Clarice Lispector (December 10, 1920 \u2013 December 9, 1977) was a Brazilian novelist and short story writer acclaimed internationally for her innovative novels and short stories. Born to a Jewish family in Podolia in Western Ukraine, as an infant she moved to Brazil with her family, amidst the disasters engulfing her native land following the First World War.\nShe grew up in Recife, the capital of the northeastern state of Pernambuco, where her mother died when she was nine. The family moved to Rio de Janeiro when she was in her teens. While in law school in Rio, she began publishing her first journalistic work and short stories, catapulting to fame at the age of 23 with the publication of her first novel, Near to the Wild Heart (Perto do Cora\u00e7\u00e3o Selvagem), written as an interior monologue in a style and language that was considered revolutionary in Brazil.\nShe left Brazil in 1944, following her marriage to a Brazilian diplomat, and spent the next decade and a half in Europe and the United States. After returning to Rio de Janeiro in 1959, she began producing her most famous works, including the stories of Family Ties (La\u00e7os de Fam\u00edlia), the great mystic novel The Passion According to G.H. (A Paix\u00e3o Segundo G.H.), and what is arguably her masterpiece, \u00c1gua Viva. Injured in an accident in 1966, she spent the last decade of her life in frequent pain, steadily writing and publishing novels and stories until her premature death in 1977.\nShe has been the subject of numerous books, and references to her and her work are common in Brazilian literature and music. Several of her works have been turned into films. In 2009, the American writer Benjamin Moser published Why This World: A Biography of Clarice Lispector. Since that publication, her works have been the object of an extensive project of retranslation, published by New Directions Publishing and Penguin Modern Classics, the first Brazilian to enter that prestigious series. Moser, who is also the editor of her anthology The Complete Stories (2015), describes Lispector as the most important Jewish writer in the world since Kafka.", "Q43895": "Henry Frederick Thynne, 3rd Marquess of Bath (24 May 1797 \u2013 24 June 1837), styled Lord Henry Thynne until January 1837 and Viscount Weymouth between January and March 1837, was a British naval commander and politician.", "Q14715": "Davor Slamnig (born 13 March 1956 in Zagreb) is a Croatian writer and musician.", "Q1508452": "George Wilhelm Herman Emanuel Merck (March 29, 1894 \u2013 November 9, 1957) was the president of Merck & Co. from 1925 to 1950 and member of Merck family.", "Q1622217": "Figurative art, sometimes written as figurativism, describes artwork (particularly paintings and sculptures) that is clearly derived from real object sources and so is, by definition, representational. The term is often in contrast to abstract art:\n\nSince the arrival of abstract art the term figurative has been used to refer to any form of modern art that retains strong references to the real world.\nPainting and sculpture can therefore be divided into the categories of figurative, representational and abstract, although, strictly speaking, abstract art is derived (or abstracted) from a figurative or other natural source. However, \"abstract\" is sometimes used as a synonym for non-representational art and non-objective art, i.e. art which has no derivation from figures or objects.\nFigurative art is not synonymous with figure painting (art that represents the human figure), although human and animal figures are frequent subjects.\n\n", "Q1507761": "George P. Livanos (9 August 1926 \u2013 1 June 1997) was a Greek shipping magnate born in New Orleans, the son of Peter Livanos from Chios. He is often confused with his distant cousin, George S. Livanos, the sole son of Stavros G. Livanos, a legend in Greek shipping.\nAfter the end of World War II, Livanos served in the Transportation Corps of the United States Army, first in Japan and then in Korea, where he was a sea captain in Army ships carrying cargo.After earning a degree in Economics from the University of Athens, he founded his own company, Ceres Hellenic Shipping Enterprises, in 1949. Shortly after, he inherited his father's 30-ship fleet, which included the world's five largest supertankers.Livanos managed his business from Lausanne. With over 100 ships, his fleet was the largest merchant navy in Greece. He also created a shipping company, which pioneered fast ferry services between the Greek Islands, introducing coastal passenger hydrofoils on an extensive network of routes linking the mainland with nearby islands. For two decades, the services operated under the Ceres Flying Dolphins' brand name, became a household expression in Greece. Loyalty to his Greek roots prompted Livanos to shun flags of convenience for his vessels, despite the enormous tax advantages that this would have meant. Instead his ships invariably flew the Greek flag.Diversifying in latter years, he invested in real estate, and in banking with Basil Goulandris, another Lausanne-based Greek shipowner. In 1994, Livanos' fortune was an estimated US$3 billion. He was ahead of his time, as he had begun to heed warnings that abuse of the environment could destroy the planet and was involved in the protection of ocean and coastal waters. He founded the Hellenic Marine Environment Protection Association (HELMEPA) in 1982.\nLivanos was an influential member of the Greek lobby in Washington. In 1988, he threw his backing behind the Presidential bid of the Democratic candidate and fellow Greek American, Michael Dukakis. He was also a close personal friend of long-serving Greek Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou.\nLivanos married Fotini Carras, the daughter of the Greek shipowner Yiannis Carras, and had a son, Peter, and a daughter, Marina. He died in 1997, leaving his business to his son.", "Q446538": "Distant Lights is a 2003 Germany film directed by Hans-Christian Schmid. The film takes place on the Polish-German border at S\u0142ubice and Frankfurt (Oder). It features an ensemble cast, and the various threads illustrate the daily life between the two countries. Its original German title is Lichter, which means \"Lights\".", "Q117594": "Emil Strub (13 July 1858 in Trimbach, Switzerland \u2013 15 December 1909) was a Swiss builder, railway builder and inventor who invented the Strub rack system.", "Q471394": "Amin Sameh Samir Fahmi (born 14 August 1949) is an Egyptian engineer and politician who served as oil minister of Egypt for 12 years from 1999 to 2011.", "Q127457": "Jon Gade N\u00f8rgaard (born 9 June 1985 in Gren\u00e5, Denmark) is a Danish singer who took part in Danish TV 2's musical competition Popstars in 2002 and winning the title. He is also known as Jon and took the alias John Rock while collaborating with house music duo Musikk.\n\n", "Q966261": "Joe Linus Barton (born September 15, 1949) is a Republican politician who represented Texas's 6th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1985 to 2019. The district included Arlington, part of Fort Worth, and several small towns and rural areas south of the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth Metroplex. He was also a member of the Tea Party Caucus. In 2014, Barton became the longest-serving member of the Texas congressional delegation.Barton describes himself as \"a constant defender of conservative ideals and values\". He advocates for deregulation of the electricity and natural gas industries, and serves as vice-chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committees. He denies that manmade carbon emissions have contributed to global warming, is a proponent of the use of fossil fuels, voted in favor of the May 2017 GOP plan to replace Obamacare, supports President Donald Trump's ban on immigration from certain predominantly Muslim nations, and supports the death penalty for persons caught spying. Barton led a successful effort to repeal the oil export ban in the House in 2017. His environmental record of defending industries against tighter pollution controls earned him the nickname \"Smokey Joe.\"Barton came to national prominence after telling a citizen at a town hall meeting to \"shut up.\" He came to national attention again when sexually explicit photos that he had shared with women surfaced online in 2017. In November 2017, Barton announced that he would not seek re-election in 2018.\n\n", "Q116852": "Batman is a 1989 American superhero film directed by Tim Burton and produced by Jon Peters and Peter Guber, based on the DC Comics character of the same name. It is the first installment of Warner Bros.' initial Batman film series. The film stars Jack Nicholson as the Joker and Michael Keaton as Bruce Wayne / Batman, alongside Kim Basinger, Robert Wuhl, Pat Hingle, Billy Dee Williams, Michael Gough, and Jack Palance. The film takes place early in the title character's war on crime, and depicts a battle with the Joker.\nAfter Burton was hired as director in 1986, Steve Englehart and Julie Hickson wrote film treatments before Sam Hamm wrote the first screenplay. Batman was not greenlit until after the success of Burton's Beetlejuice (1988). Numerous A-list actors were considered for the role of Batman before Keaton was cast. Keaton's casting caused a controversy since, by 1988, he had become typecast as a comedic actor and many observers doubted he could portray a serious role. Nicholson accepted the role of the Joker under strict conditions that dictated top billing, a portion of the film's earnings (including associated merchandise), and his own shooting schedule.\nThe tone and themes of the film were influenced in part by Alan Moore and Brian Bolland's The Killing Joke and Frank Miller's The Dark Knight Returns. The film primarily adapts the \"Red Hood\" origin story for the Joker, in which Batman inadvertently creates the Joker by causing him to fall into Axis Chemical acid, resulting in his transformation into a psychopath, but it adds a unique twist in presenting him specifically as a gangster named Jack Napier. Filming took place at Pinewood Studios from October 1988 to January 1989. The budget escalated from $30 million to $48 million, while the 1988 Writers Guild of America strike forced Hamm to drop out. Warren Skaaren did rewrites. Additional uncredited drafts were done by Charles McKeown and Jonathan Gems.\nBatman was a critical and financial success, earning over $400 million in box office totals. It was the fifth-highest-grossing film in history at the time of its release. The film received several Saturn Award nominations and a Golden Globe nomination, and won an Academy Award. It also inspired the equally successful Batman: The Animated Series, paving the way for the DC animated universe, and has influenced Hollywood's modern marketing and development techniques of the superhero film genre. Three sequels, Batman Returns (1992), Batman Forever (1995) and Batman & Robin (1997), were released.", "Q107787": "Hedwig Pauly-Winterstein (1866\u20131965) was a German stage and film actress.", "Q128764": "Aimable-Jean-Jacques P\u00e9lissier, 1st Duc de Malakoff (6 November 1794 \u2013 22 May 1864), was a Marshal of France.", "Q455222": "Ivan Medek (July 13, 1925 \u2013 January 6, 2010) was a Czech classical music critic, radio broadcaster and journalist. Medek was an important voice of the Czech anti-communist opposition movement, particularly after being forced into exile from Czechoslovakia in 1978. Medek collaborated closely with such Czechoslovak politicians as V\u00e1clav Havel and Pavel Tigrid in opposition to communist rule.He was a brother of the Czech painter Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Medek and the son of the general Rudolf Medek. Medek was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, on July 13, 1925. He began his career as both a classical music critic and journalist. He worked as a musician for the Czech Philharmonic until he was fired by the government for his support of the opposition.Medek was an original signatory of the Charter 77 manifesto in 1977. Persecution by the communist government for his participation in Charter 77 forced Medek into exile in neighboring Austria beginning in 1978. Medek began working at the Voice of America in Austria, where he broadcast news and information into Czechoslovakia. His VoA radio broadcasts became an important link for anti-communist dissidents in his native Czechoslovakia.Medek returned to Czechoslovakia from exile in 1989 during the Velvet Revolution. In 1993, Medek was appointed to the office of the presidency under V\u00e1clav Havel, the first president of the Czech Republic. He later became the head of the presidency, or chancellor, under Havel.Medek died in Prague on January 6, 2010, at the age of 84. He was survived by his wife, Helena.", "Q60094": "Henry IV (German: Heinrich IV; 11 November 1050 \u2013 7 August 1106) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 to 1105, King of Germany from 1054 to 1105, King of Italy and Burgundy from 1056 to 1105, and Duke of Bavaria from 1052 to 1054. He was the son of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Agnes of Poitou. After his father's death on 5 October 1056, Henry was placed under his mother's guardianship. She made grants to German aristocrats to secure their support. Unlike her late husband, she could not control the election of the popes, thus the idea of the libertas ecclesiae (freedom of the Church) strengthened during her rule. Taking advantage of her weakness, Archbishop Anno II of Cologne kidnapped Henry in April 1062. He administered Germany until Henry came of age in 1065.\nHenry decided to recover the royal estates that had been lost during his minority. He employed low-ranking officials to carry out his new policies, causing discontent in Saxony and Thuringia. Henry crushed a riot in Saxony in 1069 and overcame the rebellion of the Saxon aristocrat, Otto of Nordheim in 1071. The appointment of commoners to high offices offended German aristocrats, and many of them withdrew from Henry's court. He insisted on his royal prerogatives relating to the appointment of bishops and abbots, although the reformist clerics condemned this practice as simony (a forbidden sale of church offices). Pope Alexander II blamed Henry's advisors for his acts and excommunicated them in early 1073. Henry's conflicts with the Holy See and the German dukes weakened his position and the Saxons rose up in open rebellion in the summer of 1074. He took advantage of a disconnect between the Saxon aristocrats and peasantry and forced the rebels into submission in October 1075.\nHenry adopted an active policy in Italy, alarming Pope Alexander II's successor, Gregory VII who threatened him with excommunication for simony. Henry persuaded most of the German bishops to declare the Pope's election invalid on 24 January 1076. In response, the Pope excommunicated Henry and released his subjects from their allegiance. German aristocrats who were hostile to Henry called for the Pope to hold an assembly in Germany to hear Henry's case. To prevent the Pope from sitting in judgement on him, Henry went to Italy as far as Canossa to meet with the Pope. His penitential \"Walk to Canossa\" was a success and Gregory VII had no choice but to absolve him in January 1077. Henry's German opponents ignored his absolution and elected an antiking, Rudolf of Rheinfelden, on 14 March 1077. The Pope was initially neutral in the two kings' conflict, enabling Henry to consolidate his position. Henry continued to appoint high-ranking clerics, for which the Pope again excommunicated him on 7 March 1080. Most German and Lombardian bishops remained loyal to Henry and they elected the antipope Clement III. Rudolf of Rheinfelden was killed in battle and his successor, Hermann of Salm, could only exert royal authority in Saxony. From 1081, Henry launched a series of military campaigns to Italy, and Clement III crowned him emperor in Rome on 1 April 1084.\nHermann of Salm died and Henry pacified Saxony with the local aristocrats' assistance in 1088. He launched an invasion against the pope's principal Italian ally, Matilda of Tuscany, in 1089. She convinced Henry's elder son, Conrad II, to take up arms against his father in 1093. Her alliance with Welf I, Duke of Bavaria prevented Henry's return to Germany until 1096 when he was reconciled with Welf. After Clement III's death, Henry did not support new antipopes, but he did not make peace with Pope Paschal II. Henry proclaimed the first Landfrieden (or, imperial peace) which covered the whole territory of Germany in 1103. His younger son, Henry V, forced him to abdicate on 31 December 1105. He tried to regain his throne with the assistance of Lotharingian aristocrats, but became ill and died without receiving absolution from his excommunication. Henry's conflicts with the Popes and with his sons and wife, and his \"Walk to Canossa\" established his controversial reputation, with some regarding him as the stereotype of a tyrant, others describing him as an exemplary monarch.", "Q57638": "Jyrki Tapani Katainen (born 14 October 1971) is a Finnish politician who served as the European Commission's Vice-President for Jobs, Growth, Investment and Competitiveness from 2014 until 2019. Katainen was previously Prime Minister of Finland from 2011 to 2014 and chairman of the National Coalition Party from 2004 to 2014. He was succeeded by Alexander Stubb as chairman of Finland's National Coalition Party. After stepping down as Prime Minister, Katainen was elected as European Commission Vice-President in July 2014.", "Q313986": "Andr\u00e9 Claveau (17 December 1911 \u2013 4 July 2003) was a popular singer in France from the 1940s to the 1960s. He won the Eurovision Song Contest in 1958 singing \"Dors, mon amour\" (Sleep, My Love) with music composed by Pierre Delano\u00eb and lyrics by Hubert Giraud. Winning at the age of 46 years and 76 days, Claveau was the oldest winner of the contest until 1990, being the first and only winner prior to 1990 to triumph in their forties.\n\n", "Q294625": "Clifford Donald Simak (; August 3, 1904 \u2013 April 25, 1988) was an American science fiction writer. He won three Hugo Awards and one Nebula Award. The Science Fiction Writers of America made him its third SFWA Grand Master, and the Horror Writers Association made him one of three inaugural winners of the Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement.", "Q536975": "Angelos Fetsis (Greek: \u0386\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a6\u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, born 1878, date of death unknown) was a Greek athlete. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens.\nHe was born in Lefkada.\nFetsis competed in the 800 metres event. He placed either fourth or fifth in his preliminary heat, though records do not indicate whether he was ahead or behind countryman Dimitrios Tomprof. Neither advanced to the finals, however, as a second-place finish was required for advancement.\nHe also competed in the 1500 metres event. He placed in the bottom half of the eight runners who took part in the single race of the event, though his exact placing is unclear.", "Q172318": "Gus Hutchison (born April 26, 1937 in Atlanta, Georgia) is a former racecar driver from the United States.\nHe was the winner of the 1967 SCCA Grand Prix Championship driving a Lotus 41.\nIn 1970, he purchased a Formula One Brabham BT26, entering it in the 1970 United States Grand Prix. He retired after 21 laps with a loose fuel tank.\nWhen Formula A became Formula 5000, Hutchison continued driving in the SCCA series, driving cars from Lola and March.\nAfter retiring from racing, Hutchison focused on running his business, Solar Kinetics, based in Dallas.\n\n", "Q16102": "Kornwestheim is a town in the district of Ludwigsburg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is situated about 10 kilometres (6 miles) north of Stuttgart, and 5 kilometres (3 miles) south of Ludwigsburg.", "Q71199": "Hermann Kriebel (20 January 1876 in Germersheim \u2013 16 February 1941 in Munich) was a retired lieutenant colonel and former Bavarian staff officer.\n\nHe fought with the Freikorps during the German Revolution of 1918\u201319; according to Time, as a member of the German 1919 Armistice delegation, his parting words were \"See you again in 20 years.\" and in 1923 became the military leader of the Kampfbund, the league of nationalist and fighting societies that included Adolf Hitler's Nazi party and SA; the Oberland League; and Ernst R\u00f6hm's Reichskriegflagge. Kriebel was, with Hitler and Erich Ludendorff, the key figure in the 8\u20139 November 1923 Beer Hall Putsch and was convicted with Hitler in 1924, serving his sentence in the Landsberg prison.\nAfter his release from prison, he maintained his ties with the Nazi party and the Oberland League but did not benefit from Hitler's rise to power. He became the German consul general in Shanghai.", "Q78803": "Josef Leopold Auenbrugger or Avenbrugger (19 November 1722 \u2013 17 May 1809), also known as Leopold von Auenbrugger, was the Austrian physician who invented percussion as a diagnostic technique. On the strength of this discovery, he is considered one of the founders of modern medicine.", "Q488057": "Lee Jong-hyun (May 15, 1990) is a South Korean musician, singer-songwriter and actor. He was the lead guitarist and vocalist of South Korean rock band CNBLUE. He made his acting debut in an omnibus movie Acoustic in 2010, followed by his television debut in the Korean drama A Gentleman's Dignity in 2012. He appeared in television dramas Orange Marmalade (2015), Lingerie Girls\u2019 Generation (2017) and Evergreen (2018).\nIn August 2019, Lee departed CNBLUE after the backlash over a private direct message towards a YouTuber, and amidst allegations of him viewing illicit videos and having inappropriate sexual conversations degrading women in the Jung Joon-young KakaoTalk chatrooms, a part of Burning Sun scandal.\n\n", "Q174769": "United Airlines, Inc. (commonly referred to as United) is a major American airline headquartered at Willis Tower in Chicago, Illinois. United operates a large domestic and international route network spanning cities large and small across the United States and all six continents.\nMeasured by fleet size and number of routes, it is the third largest airline in the world. It is a founding member of the Star Alliance, the world's largest airline alliance with a total of 28 member airlines. Regional service is operated by independent carriers under the brand name United Express. United was established by the amalgamation of several airlines in the late 1920s, the oldest of these being Varney Air Lines, which was founded in 1926.United has eight hubs, with Chicago\u2013O'Hare being its largest in terms of passengers carried and the number of departures.\n\n", "Q1003082": "Rahway is a city in southern Union County, New Jersey, United States. It is part of the New York metropolitan area, 21.6 miles (34.8 km) southwest of Manhattan and 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Staten Island. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 27,346, reflecting an increase of 846 (+3.2%) from the 26,500 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,175 (+4.6%) from the 25,325 counted in the 1990 Census.", "Q624477": "Christian Science is a set of beliefs associated with members of The First Church of Christ, Scientist. Adherents are commonly known as Christian Scientists or students of Christian Science, and the church is sometimes informally known as the Christian Science church. It originated in 19th-century New England with Mary Baker Eddy, who argued in her 1875 book Science and Health that sickness can be healed by prayer. The book became Christian Science's central text, along with the Bible, and by 2001 had sold over nine million copies.Eddy and 26 followers were granted a charter in 1879 to found the Church of Christ, Scientist, and in 1894 the Mother Church, The First Church of Christ, Scientist, was built in Boston, Massachusetts. Christian Science became the fastest growing religion in the United States, with nearly 270,000 members there by 1936, a figure that had declined by 1990 to just over 100,000, and by 2009 reportedly to under 50,000. The church is known for its newspaper, The Christian Science Monitor, which won seven Pulitzer Prizes between 1950 and 2002, and for its public Reading Rooms around the world.Eddy described Christian Science as a return to \"primitive Christianity and its lost element of healing\". There are key differences between Christian Science theology and that of traditional Christianity. In particular, adherents subscribe to a radical form of philosophical idealism, believing that reality is purely spiritual and the material world an illusion. This includes the view that disease is a mental error rather than physical disorder, and that the sick should be treated not by medicine but by a form of prayer that seeks to correct the beliefs responsible for the illusion of ill health.The church does not require that Christian Scientists avoid all medical care\u2014adherents use dentists, optometrists, obstetricians, physicians for broken bones, and are open to vaccination especially when required by law\u2014but maintains that Christian Science prayer is most effective when not combined with medicine. Critics of Christian Science blame the religion's avoidance of medical treatment for the deaths of several adherents and their children between the 1880s and 1990s.", "Q324694": "Anthropophagous 2000 is a 1999 German horror film directed by Andreas Schnaas, and written by Karl-Heinz Geisendorf. It is a remake of the 1980 film Antropophagus.", "Q579904": "Tsai Min-you (born 12 November 1986), better known as Evan Yo, is a Taiwanese Mandopop singer-songwriter. He was signed by his management company at 14 and has been signed by Sony Music Taiwan since 2006. He has released four albums and was nominated for Best New Artist in 2007 at the 18th Golden Melody Awards, Taiwan.Tsai graduated from the Music Department of National Taiwan Normal University. He majored in the violin.", "Q443326": "Sonny and Jed (Italian: La banda J. & S. - Cronaca criminale del Far-West, lit. \"The Band of J. & S. - Criminal Chronicle of the Far West\") is a 1972 Italian Spaghetti Western film about a sheriff's (Sheriff Franciscus, played by Telly Savalas) relentless effort to stop a robber (Jed, played by Tomas Milian) and his girlfriend (Sonny, played by Susan George). The film was directed by Sergio Corbucci and is noted for its music, scored by Ennio Morricone.", "Q187187": "Matilde Hidalgo de Procel (Loja, Ecuador, September 29, 1889 \u2013 Guayaquil, Ecuador, February 20, 1974) was an Ecuadorian physician, poet, and activist. Matilde Hidalgo was the first woman to exercise the right to vote in Ecuador (and Latin America), and also the first to receive a Doctorate in Medicine. Hidalgo fought for the recognition of women's rights and is now known as one of the most important women in Ecuadorian history. At her young age, She mastered reading and writing skills as well as the piano. In 1973 she was paralyzed by a stroke, and she died in Guayaquil on February 20, 1974.", "Q2044": "Florence ( FLORR-\u0259nss; Italian: Firenze [fi\u02c8r\u025bntse] (listen)) is a city in central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,084 inhabitants in 2013, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Florence was a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era. It is considered by many academics the birthplace of the Renaissance, and has been called \"the Athens of the Middle Ages\". Its turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family and numerous religious and republican revolutions. From 1865 to 1871 the city served as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy (established in 1861). The Florentine dialect forms the base of Standard Italian and it became the language of culture throughout Italy due to the prestige of the masterpieces by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccol\u00f2 Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini.\nThe city attracts millions of tourists each year, and UNESCO declared the Historic Centre of Florence a World Heritage Site in 1982. The city is noted for its culture, Renaissance art and architecture and monuments. The city also contains numerous museums and art galleries, such as the Uffizi Gallery and the Palazzo Pitti, and still exerts an influence in the fields of art, culture and politics. Due to Florence's artistic and architectural heritage, Forbes has ranked it as one of the most beautiful cities in the world.Florence plays an important role in Italian fashion, and is ranked in the top 15 fashion capitals of the world by Global Language Monitor; furthermore, it is a major national economic centre, as well as a tourist and industrial hub. In 2008 the city had the 17th-highest average income in Italy.", "Q46053": "Clive Robert Benjamin Dunn (9 January 1920 \u2013 6 November 2012) was an English actor, comedian, artist, author, and singer. He played the elderly Lance Corporal Jones in the BBC sitcom Dad's Army.", "Q974103": "Mike Dopud (Serbian: Majk Dopu\u0111, \u041c\u0430\u0458\u043a \u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0452; born June 10, 1968) is a Canadian actor, stuntman, and athlete. He is known for playing Detective Smits in White Noise the 2005 action-horror film, Agent Turner in Alone in the Dark a 2005 action-horror film, playing Vic Hadfield in the Canadian miniseries Canada Russia '72, and for playing Michael 'The Assassin' in the Rollerball 2002 film remake. He also took on several minor roles on Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis, as well as performing many stunts on both shows, before taking on a bigger role as Varro on Stargate Universe. He was nominated for a Taurus World Stunt Award in 2005 for his work in Walking Tall.", "Q4726863": "Alireza Afzalipour (26 March 1909 \u2013 7 April 1993) (Persian: \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0648\u0631\u200e) was an Iranian engineer, businessman and philanthropist who is known as the founder of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman because of his financial support and outstanding donation to Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman as well as Kerman Medical University.\nHe died aged 84 in 1993.", "Q362819": "Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Serebrov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432, 15 February 1944 \u2013 12 November 2013) was a Soviet cosmonaut. He graduated from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1967), and was selected as a cosmonaut on 1 December 1978. He retired on 10 May 1995. He was married and had one child.\nSerebrov flew on Soyuz T-7, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-8 and Soyuz TM-17. He was one of very few cosmonauts to fly for both the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation that followed it. He held the record for most spacewalks, 10, until Anatoly Solovyev surpassed it. In all, he spent 371.95 days in space. Serebrov contributed to the design of Salyut 6, Salyut 7, and the Mir space stations. He helped design, and, according to a New York Times obituary, \"was the first to test a one-person vehicle - popularly called a space motorcycle - to rescue space crews in distress and repair satellites.\" This vehicle, known as Icarus, was tested in February 1990, and remained onboard Mir for several years but was never used after that.Serebrov died suddenly in Moscow on 12 November 2013, aged 69, and was buried on November 15 at Ostankinsky cemetery.\nHe is also known for playing Tetris on a Game Boy in the spacecraft, making it the first time a video game has ever been played in space.", "Q228904": "Hattie McDaniel (June 10, 1895 \u2013 October 26, 1952) was an American actress of stage and screen, professional singer-songwriter, and comedian. She is best known for her role as \"Mammy\" in Gone with the Wind (1939), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, becoming the first person of color to win an Oscar.\nIn addition to acting in many films, McDaniel recorded 16 blues sides between 1926\u20131929 (10 were issued), was a radio performer and television star; she was the first black woman to sing on radio in the United States. She appeared in over 300 films, although she received screen credits for only 83.McDaniel has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in Hollywood: one at 6933 Hollywood Boulevard for her contributions to radio and one at 1719 Vine Street for acting in motion pictures. In 1975, she was inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame and in 2006 became the first black Oscar winner honored with a US postage stamp. In 2010, she was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame.", "Q464941": "Hadia Tajik (born 18 July 1983) is a Pakistani-Norwegian jurist, journalist and politician. On 21 September 2012, she was appointed Minister of Culture and, at 29 years of age, became the youngest minister ever to serve in the Norwegian government, as well as the first Muslim and Asian. She is a Member of Parliament for the Labour Party representing Oslo.Unlike some of her older predecessors and colleagues, Tajik is an enthusiastic user of social media, and an avid supporter of E-books, and as a result she is often called Norway's \"first digital Minister of Culture\".", "Q40422": "Charles Kente Williams (Bowens) (born October 21, 1977), commonly known by his stage name Keak da Sneak, is a rapper from Oakland, California; He is known for his scratchy, gruff voice and for coining the term hyphy in 1994.", "Q660553": "Fran\u00e7ois Auguste Marie Mignet (8 May 1796 \u2013 24 March 1884) was a French journalist and historian of the French Revolution.", "Q384422": "Patrizio Prata (born 2 February 1972 in Milan) is an Italian voice actor and dubbing director who contributes to voicing characters in movies, cartoons, anime, video games and more content.Prata is well known for voicing characters in animated content such as Android #17 in Dragon Ball Z, Roronoa Zoro in One Piece, Kabuto Yakushi in Naruto and Naruto: Shippuden, Jaden Yuki in Yu-Gi-Oh! GX and other famous animated titles to date. He also provides the voice of Geronimo Stilton in the Geronimo Stilton animated series.\nPrata currently works at Studio P.V., Deneb Film, Merak Film and other dubbing studios in Italy. Since February 2007, he is also the current voice-over host for Disney Channel Italy.", "Q64594": "Walzenhausen is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q168426": "The University of M\u00fcnster (German: Westf\u00e4lische Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster, WWU) is a public university located in the city of M\u00fcnster, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.\nWith more than 43,000 students and over 120 fields of study in 15 departments, it is Germany's fifth largest university and one of the foremost centers of German intellectual life. The university offers a wide range of subjects across the sciences, social sciences and the humanities. Several courses are also taught in English, including PhD programmes as well as postgraduate courses in geoinformatics, geospational technologies or information systems.\nProfessors and former students have won ten Leibniz Prizes, the most prestigious as well as the best-funded prize in Europe, and one Fields Medal. The WWU has also been successful in the German government's Excellence Initiative.", "Q14073": "Alexia Massalin (formerly Henry Massalin) is an American computer scientist and programmer. She pioneered the concept of superoptimization, and designed the Synthesis kernel, a small kernel with a Unix compatibility layer that makes heavy use of self-modifying code for efficiency.", "Q167715": "Thiruvananthapuram (IPA: [t\u032airu\u028b\u0259n\u0259n\u032at\u032a\u0259pur\u0259m] (listen)), commonly known by its former name Trivandrum, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala. It is the most populous city in Kerala with a population of 957,730 as of 2011. The encompassing urban agglomeration population is around 1.68 million. Located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland, Thiruvananthapuram is a major Information Technology hub in Kerala and contributes 55% of the state's software exports as of 2016. Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the \"Evergreen city of India\", the city is characterised by its undulating terrain of low coastal hills.The Ays ruled the present region of Thiruvananthapuram until the 10th century. With their fall in the 10th century, the city was taken over by the Chera dynasty. The city was later taken over by the Kingdom of Venad in the 12th century. In the 17th century the king Marthanda Varma expanded the territory and founded the princely state of Travancore and Thiruvananthapuram was made capital of Travancore. Following India's independence in 1947, Thiruvananthapuram became the capital of Travancore-Cochin state and remained capital when the new Indian state of Kerala was formed in 1956.Thiruvananthapuram is a notable academic and research hub and is home to the University of Kerala, Kerala Technological University the regional headquarters of Indira Gandhi National Open University, and many other schools and colleges. Thiruvananthapuram is also home to research centres such as the National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Indian Space Research Organisation's Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, and a campus of the Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research. The city is home to media institutions like Toonz India Ltd and Tata Elxsi Ltd, and is also home to Chitranjali Film Studio, one of the first film studios in Malayalam Cinema, and Kinfra Film and Video Park at Kazhakoottom, which is India's first Infotainment industrial park.Being India's largest city in the deep south, it is strategically prominent and hosts the Southern Air Command headquarters of the Indian Air Force, the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station and the upcoming Vizhinjam International Seaport. Thiruvananthapuram is a major tourist centre, known for the Padmanabhaswamy Temple, the beaches of Kovalam and Varkala, the backwaters of Poovar and Anchuthengu and its Western Ghats tracts of Ponmudi and the Agastyamala. In 2012, Thiruvananthapuram was named the best Kerala city to live in, by a field survey conducted by The Times of India. In 2013, the city was ranked the fifteenth best city to live in India, in a survey conducted by India Today. The city was also selected as the best-governed city in India in the survey conducted by Janaagraha Centre for citizenship and democracy in 2017.\n\n", "Q1622571": "Hociel Thomas (July 10, 1904 \u2013 August 22, 1952) was an American blues singer in the classic female blues style.\nShe was born in Houston, Texas. Her father, George W. Thomas, was a musician, songwriter, and music publisher. About 1916 she relocated to New Orleans, Louisiana to live with her aunt, the blues singer Sippie Wallace. She began performing, often with Sippie Wallace, at local parties and in the Storyville red-light district. She moved to Chicago ca. 1924, where she worked in local clubs and theatres until the early 1930s. In 1925 she recorded for Gennett Records, and in 1925\u201326 she recorded several sides for the Okeh label. Her accompanists on the Okeh recordings included Louis Armstrong and her teenaged uncle Hersal Thomas, whose piano is heard on \"Fish Tail Dance\" and four other sides.\nDuring the years of the Great Depression her career diminished, and she worked outside the field of music. In the early 1940s she moved to Oakland, California. In 1946 she recorded seven songs with Mutt Carey for the Circle label, which were her last recordings. She worked with Kid Ory's Orchestra in San Francisco In 1948.In 1948 or 1949, she engaged in a brawl with one of her sisters in which she lost her eyesight and her sister was killed. Charged with manslaughter, she was tried and acquitted. She died of heart disease on August 22, 1952.", "Q724463": "Ian F. Mosley (born 16 June 1953, Paddington, London, England) is an English drummer. He is best known for his long-time membership of the neo-progressive rock band Marillion, which he joined for their second album, Fugazi, released in 1984. He had previously been an in-demand session drummer. Mosley's abilities have been widely praised, including by former Genesis guitarist Steve Hackett, Meshuggah drummer Tomas Haake and critic John Franck of AllMusic. Modern Drummer has characterised him as a \"drumming great\".", "Q89622": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Niegolewski (1819, in W\u0142o\u015bciejewki \u2013 1885) was a Polish liberal politician and member of Prussian House of Representatives, insurgent in Greater Poland Uprising 1846, Greater Poland Uprising 1848 and January Uprising 1863, cofounder of Central Economic Society (CTG) in 1861 and People's Libraries Society (TCL) in 1880.", "Q121740": "Eric Weber (born 1963) is a populist publisher and far-right politician of Basel, Switzerland.Weber was a member of the far-right Nationale Aktion (the predecessor of today's Swiss Democrats) and member of the Basel city council from 1984 to 1992 and again from 2012 to 2016. When he was first elected in 1984, he was the youngest person elected to the City Council.After attempting to participate in elections as a candidate of either the Swiss Democrats or the Swiss People's Party in 2002, Weber formed his own group, called Volksaktion gegen zuviele Ausl\u00e4nder und Asylanten in unserer Heimat (\"popular action against too many foreigners and asylum seekers in our homeland\"), participating in the 2003 federal elections.\nIn 2006, he ran for a seat in the cantonal executive, reaching 7% of the vote.\nIn the 2011 federal elections, Weber's Volksaktion received 810 votes, or 1.5% of the popular vote in Basel-Stadt. In the 2012 Basel elections, the party received two seats in the Grand Council.Weber was arrested and convicted multiple times in his life, on issues related to his political activities.", "Q346777": "Leonid Konstantinovich Ramzin (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0434 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0437\u0438\u0301\u043d) (1887\u20131948) was a Soviet thermal engineer, and the inventor of a type of flow-through boiler known as the straight-flow boiler, or Ramzin boiler. He was a laureate of the Stalin Prize First-Class, which he received in 1943.\n\n", "Q75499": "Dr. Alfred Carl Toepfer (13 July 1894 in Hamburg \u2013 8 October 1993 in Hamburg) was a German entrepreneur, owner of the company Toepfer International and founder of the Alfred Toepfer Foundation. He helped shaped the original internal markets of the European Coal and Steel Community, and was a philanthropist known for his celebration of the arts, sciences, and nature.\n\n", "Q2662405": "Jakub Jasi\u0144ski of Rawicz Clan (24 July 1761, in W\u0119gl\u00f3w near Pyzdry in Greater Poland \u2013 4 November 1794, in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish general, and poet of Enlightenment. He participated in the War in Defence of the Constitution in 1792, was an enemy of the Targowica Confederation and organized an action against its supporters in Wilno. He participated also in the Ko\u015bciuszko Uprising, during the course of which he was killed in the Battle of Praga in 1794.\nA graduate of the Warsaw-based Szko\u0142a Rycerska, with time he became the tutor of engineering at his alma mater. He fought with distinction in the War in Defense of the Constitution of 1792. After the king joined the Targowica Confederation he remained loyal to the new authorities. In 1789 he became the commanding officer of the Engineering Corps for Lithuania.", "Q457353": "Bente Kahan (born 23 September 1958) is a Norwegian solo vocalist, actress, musician, director and playwright, best known for her renditions and productions of Yiddish folk music and plays. Since 2002 she has lived and worked in Poland.\n\n", "Q55749": "Sri Shreedhara Swami Maharaj (Devanagari: \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0927\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u0940 Maharaj, Kannada:\u0cb6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cc0 \u0cb6\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cc0\u0ca7\u0cb0 \u0cb8\u0ccd\u0cb5\u0cbe\u0cae\u0cbf Maharaj) (7 December 1908 \u2013 19 April 1973) was a prominent Marathi-Kannada saint and religious poet in the Hindu tradition. Shreedhar Swami was a devotee of Lord Ram and a disciple of Samarth Ramdas.", "Q755271": "Hamden is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The town's nickname is \"The Land of the Sleeping Giant.\" The population was 60,960 at the 2010 census. Hamden is a suburb of the city of New Haven.\nThe town of Hamden ranked #53 in the CNN Money list of \"America's best small cities\" in 2012. In 2008, Fortune Magazine and CNN Money picked Hamden as #33 on their \"Best Place to Live and Launch\" list, citing Hamden's great blend of urban and suburban lifestyles. The article also pointed out Hamden's exceptional education system as well as its \"New England Charm\".", "Q116107": "Jean Bourgknecht (16 September 1902 \u2013 23 December 1964) was a Swiss politician, mayor of Fribourg (1950\u20131959) and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1959\u20131962).\nJean Bourgknecht was born to Louis and Eug\u00e9nie-Louise Bourgknecht in Fribourg. After getting his doctorate in law in 1926, he worked in his father's office and later headed it until he was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland. From 1936 to 1947 he was presiding the Law Society of Fribourg and from 1937 to 1941 the Law Society of Switzerland.\nHe was president of the city of Fribourg from 1950 to 1959. He worked to recover the city's finances. In 1951 he was elected to the National Council of Switzerland for the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland and represented the Canton of Fribourg there until 1955. He was then elected into the Council of States where he represented his canton from 1956 to 1959. Also in 1956 he became president of his party.\nHe was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 17 December 1959 and handed over office on 30 September 1962 because of an illness. During his time in office he held the Department of Finance.", "Q318186": "The Franz\u00f6sisches Gymnasium (French: Lyc\u00e9e fran\u00e7ais de Berlin) is a long-existing francophone gymnasium in Berlin, Germany. Traditionally, it is widely regarded as an elite high school.", "Q1240856": "Charles Edmond Henri de Coussemaker (19 April 1805 \u2013 10 January 1876) was a French musicologist and ethnologist focusing mainly on the cultural heritage of French Flanders. With Michiel de Swaen and Maria Petyt, he was one of the most eminent defenders of Dutch culture in France.", "Q378672": "Jeremiah O'Connell (born February 17, 1974) is an American actor, director and talk show host, known for his roles as Quinn Mallory in the television series Sliders, Andrew Clements in My Secret Identity, Vern Tessio in the film Stand by Me (1986), Joe in Joe's Apartment (1996), Frank Cushman in Jerry Maguire (1996), Derek in Scream 2 (1997), Charlie Carbone in Kangaroo Jack (2003), and Detective Woody Hoyt on the drama Crossing Jordan. He starred as Pete Kaczmarek in the single 2010\u201311 season of The Defenders. He also had a starring role in the comedy horror film Piranha 3D (2010).", "Q110576": "Veronika Maria Bellmann (n\u00e9e W\u00e4chter; born 20 November 1960 in Chemnitz, then Karl-Marx-Stadt in East Germany) is a German politician and member of the CDU.", "Q273055": "Robert Sylvester Kelly (born January 8, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, actor and former semi-professional basketball player from Illinois. He has been credited with helping to redefine R&B and hip hop, earning nicknames such as \"the King of R&B\", \"the King of Pop-Soul\", and the \"Pied Piper of R&B\". In 2019, his musical career ended amid criminal indictments.\nKelly is known for songs including \"I Believe I Can Fly\", \"Bump N' Grind\", \"Your Body's Callin'\", \"Gotham City\", \"Ignition (Remix)\", \"If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time\", \"The World's Greatest\", \"I'm a Flirt (Remix)\", and the hip-hopera \"Trapped in the Closet\". In 1998, Kelly won three Grammy Awards for \"I Believe I Can Fly.\" Although Kelly is primarily a singer and songwriter, he has written, produced, and remixed songs, singles, and albums for many artists. In 1996, he was nominated for a Grammy Award for writing Michael Jackson's song \"You Are Not Alone\".Kelly has sold over 75 million records worldwide, making him the most successful R&B male artist of the 1990s and one of the world's best-selling music artists. He is the 55th best-selling music artist in the United States, with over 32 million album sales. Kelly was named by Billboard as the Top R&B/Hip Hop Artist between 1985-2010 and the most successful R&B artist in history.Since the 1990s, Kelly has been the subject of numerous allegations of sexual abuse and misconduct, often with underage girls, all charges he denies. In 2002, he was indicted on 13 counts of child pornography, but was acquitted of all charges in 2008. In January 2019, a widely viewed Lifetime docuseries titled Surviving R. Kelly detailed allegations of sexual abuse by multiple women, allegations Kelly denies. Facing pressure from the public using the Mute R. Kelly hashtag, RCA Records dropped Kelly. On February 22, 2019, Kelly was indicted on 10 counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse. On July 11, 2019, Kelly was arrested on federal charges alleging sex crimes and obstruction of justice. Kelly faces a total of 18 federal counts, including child pornography, kidnapping and forced labor, as of July 12, 2019. As a result, he is currently incarcerated at Metropolitan Correctional Center, Chicago.", "Q156523": "Sodom is a German thrash metal band from Gelsenkirchen, formed in 1981. They have gone through many line-up changes, leaving bassist/vocalist Tom Angelripper as the only constant member. The band is currently composed of Angelripper, guitarists Frank \"Blackfire\" Gosdzik and Yorck Segatz, and drummer Toni Merkel. Along with Kreator, Destruction and Tankard, Sodom has been referred to as one of the \"Big Four\" of Teutonic thrash metal. While three of those bands (except Tankard) created a sound that would influence death metal and black metal, Sodom's early music style would greatly influence many late 1980s and early 1990s black metal bands more than others.\nTo date, Sodom has released fifteen studio albums, three live albums, two compilation albums and seven EPs. They achieved their first commercial success with their third studio album Agent Orange (1989), which was one of the first thrash metal albums to enter the German album charts, where it reached number 36. Their most recent studio album, Decision Day, was released in 2016. Sodom is one of the best-selling thrash metal acts of all time, having sold over eight million records. The band is currently working on a new album, which is tentatively due for release in 2020.", "Q108339": "Heinrich Smidt (1798\u20131867) was a German writer. He wrote novels and adventure stories about the sea, as well as the article \"Die Klabautermann\", about the German water sprite of the same name, in the German publication Seegem\u00e4lde in 1828.\n\n", "Q288581": "Ernest Gillet (13 September 1856 \u2013 6 May 1940) was a French composer and cellist, the brother of oboist and composer Georges Gillet.", "Q192207": "Sri Aurobindo (born Aurobindo Ghose; 15 August 1872 \u2013 5 December 1950) was an Indian philosopher, yogi, guru, poet, and nationalist. He joined the Indian movement for independence from British rule, for a while was one of its influential leaders and then became a spiritual reformer, introducing his visions on human progress and spiritual evolution.\nAurobindo studied for the Indian Civil Service at King's College, Cambridge, England. After returning to India he took up various civil service works under the maharaja of the princely state of Baroda and became increasingly involved in nationalist politics in the Indian National Congress and the nascent revolutionary movement in Bengal with the Anushilan Samiti. He was arrested in the aftermath of a number of bomb outrages linked to his organisation, but in a highly public trial where he faced charges of treason, Aurobindo could only be convicted and imprisoned for writing articles against British rule in India. He was released when no evidence could be provided, following the murder of a prosecution witness, Narendranath Goswami during the trial. During his stay in the jail, he had mystical and spiritual experiences, after which he moved to Pondicherry, leaving politics for spiritual work.\nAt Pondicherry, Sri Aurobindo developed a spiritual practice he called Integral Yoga. The central theme of his vision was the evolution of human life into a life divine. He believed in a spiritual realisation that not only liberated but transformed human nature, enabling a divine life on earth. In 1926, with the help of his spiritual collaborator, Mirra Alfassa (referred to as \"The Mother\"), he founded the Sri Aurobindo Ashram.\nHis main literary works are The Life Divine, which deals with theoretical aspects of Integral Yoga; Synthesis of Yoga, which deals with practical guidance to Integral Yoga; and Savitri: A Legend and a Symbol, an epic poem.", "Q289847": "\u00c9tienne Louli\u00e9, pronounced [e.tj\u025bn lu.lje], (1654 \u2013 16 July 1702) was a musician, pedagogue and musical theorist.", "Q100765": "Eberhard H. Gothein (29 October 1853 in Neumarkt \u2013 13 November 1923 in Berlin) was a German Economist and Historian. Gothein was a professor at University of Karlsruhe (1885), University of Bonn (1890), and Heidelberg University (1904). He was a representative of the liberal-positivist opposition against the Prussian historical school of Treitschke and Sybel, which was prevalent in Germany. Gothein was the author of valuable works on cultural and economic history, primarily of the 15th to 17th centuries. Furthermore, he was one of the founding fathers of the University of Mannheim's predecessor, the Handelshochschule Mannheim.\n\n", "Q67076": "Ludwig Geiger (born Lazarus Abraham Geiger, also called Ludwig Moritz Philipp Geiger; 5 June 1848 \u2013 9 February 1919) was a German author and historian.\n\n", "Q77265": "Christina Klein (born December 9, 1990), better known by her stage name LaFee, is a German singer-songwriter who has sold more than one million records worldwide. She is most famous in mainland Europe, particularly in German-speaking countries.\nSince 2006, LaFee released four studio albums, three of them with her band. They all made it into the German charts. Both the debut album and the successor Jetzt erst recht (2007) reached the top of the album charts in Germany and Austria.", "Q58286": "Jean Ping (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0251\u0303 pi\u014b]; born 24 November 1942 in Ombou\u00e9, Gabon) is a Gabonese diplomat and politician.\nHe served as the Minister of State and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and Francophonie of the Gabonese Republic from 1999 to 2008, and was President of the United Nations General Assembly from 2004 to 2005 and Chairperson of the Commission of the African Union from 2008 to 2012. He stood for the 2016 Gabonese presidential election against the outgoing president Ali Bongo.", "Q97": "The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans, with an area of about 106,460,000 square kilometers (41,100,000 square miles). It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the \"Old World\" from the \"New World\".\nThe Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected World Ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean, to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica). The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North(ern) Atlantic Ocean and the South(ern) Atlantic Ocean at about 8\u00b0N.Scientific explorations of the Atlantic include the Challenger expedition, the German Meteor expedition, Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the United States Navy Hydrographic Office.", "Q221075": "28 Days Later is a 2002 British post-apocalyptic horror film directed by Danny Boyle, written by Alex Garland, and starring Cillian Murphy, Naomie Harris, Christopher Eccleston, Megan Burns, and Brendan Gleeson. The plot depicts the breakdown of society following the accidental release of a highly contagious virus and focuses upon the struggle of four survivors (Murphy, Harris, Burns, and Gleeson) to cope with the destruction of the life they once knew while evading those infected by the virus.\nThe film received critical acclaim. Many praised the performances, screenplay, atmosphere, and soundtrack. The film is credited with reinvigorating the zombie genre of horror film, as well as increasing the popularity of fast-moving zombies (while Dan O'Bannon's 1985 film The Return of the Living Dead featured the first example of \"fast zombies\" in cinema, the concept was largely neglected in media until after the release of 28 Days Later). It was also a financial success, grossing more than $82.7 million worldwide on its modest budget of $8 million and becoming one of the most profitable horror films of 2002.\nIt was followed by a 2007 sequel, 28 Weeks Later, a graphic novel titled 28 Days Later: The Aftermath, which expands on the timeline of the outbreak, and a 2009 comic book series titled 28 Days Later. In 2017 a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for Time Out magazine ranked it the 97th best British film ever.", "Q209921": "Julius Winfield Erving II, commonly known by the nickname \"Dr. J\", is an American retired basketball player who helped popularize a modern style of play that emphasizes leaping and playing above the rim in his career at the ABA and the NBA. Regarded as one the greatest and most influential basketball players of all time, Erving helped legitimize the American Basketball Association (ABA) and was the best-known player in that league when it merged into the National Basketball Association (NBA) after the 1975\u201376 season.\nErving won three championships, four Most Valuable Player Awards, and three scoring titles with the ABA's Virginia Squires and New York Nets (now the NBA's Brooklyn Nets) and the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers. He is the eighth-highest scorer in ABA/NBA history with 30,026 points (NBA and ABA combined). He was well known for slam dunking from the free throw line in slam dunk contests and was the only player voted Most Valuable Player in both the ABA and the NBA. The basketball slang of being posterized was first coined to describe his moves.\nErving was inducted in 1993 into the Basketball Hall of Fame and was also named to the NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time team. In 1994, Erving was named by Sports Illustrated as one of the 40 most important athletes of all time. In 2004, he was inducted into the Nassau County Sports Hall of Fame.\nMany consider him one of the most talented players in the history of the NBA; he is widely acknowledged as one of the game's best dunkers. While Connie Hawkins, \"Jumping\" Johnny Green, Elgin Baylor, Jim Pollard, and Gus Johnson performed spectacular dunks before Erving's time, Erving brought the practice into the mainstream. His signature dunk was the \"slam\" dunk, since incorporated into the vernacular and basic skill set of the game in the same manner as the \"crossover\" dribble and the \"no look\" pass. Before Erving, dunking was a practice most commonly used by the big men (usually standing close to the hoop) to show their brutal strength which was seen as style over substance, even unsportsmanlike, by many purists of the game. However, the way Erving utilized the dunk more as a high-percentage shot made at the end of maneuvers generally starting well away from the basket and not necessarily a \"show of force\" helped to make the shot an acceptable tactic, especially in trying to avoid a blocked shot. Although the slam dunk is still widely used as a show of power, a method of intimidation, and a way to fire up a team (and spectators), Erving demonstrated that there can be great artistry and almost balletic style to slamming the ball into the hoop, particularly after a launch several feet from that target.", "Q375356": "Richard Alva Cavett (; born November 19, 1936) is an American television personality, comedian and former talk show host notable for his conversational style and in-depth discussions. He appeared regularly on nationally broadcast television in the United States in five consecutive decades, the 1960s through the 2000s.\nIn later years, Cavett wrote a column for the online New York Times, promoted DVDs of his former shows as well as a book of his Times columns, and hosted replays of his TV interviews with Salvador Dal\u00ed, Groucho Marx, Katharine Hepburn, Judy Garland, Marlon Brando, Ingmar Bergman, Jean-Luc Godard, John Lennon, Richard Burton and others on Turner Classic Movies.", "Q28761": "Alfred of Sarashel, also known as Alfred the Philosopher, Alfred the Englishman or Alfredus Anglicus, was born in England some time in the 12th century and died in the 13th century.\nNot much more is known about his life apart from that he moved to Spain and worked in the Toledo School of Translators, where he translated several texts from Arabic and Greek into Latin.", "Q61407": "Ernst Curtius (; 2 September 1814 \u2013 11 July 1896) was a German archaeologist and historian.", "Q66368": "R\u00f6schenz is a municipality in Laufen District in the Canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.", "Q1321516": "Eivind Kristofer Reiten (born 2 April 1953) is a Norwegian economist, corporate officer and politician for the Centre Party. He served as Minister of Fisheries from 1985-1986 and Minister of Petroleum and Energy from 1989-1990, before entering a career in business. Reiten served as the Director General (CEO) of Norsk Hydro between 2001 and 2009, after which he took up the chairmanship of Norske Skog. Eivind Reiten was also Chairman of StatoilHydro for four days until he resigned from his position after Norsk Hydro had been accused of corruption.\n\n", "Q3116209": "Menart Records is a Slovenian full-service record label with partner companies also in Croatia and Serbia.", "Q188539": "Glam metal is a subgenre of heavy metal, which features pop-influenced hooks and guitar riffs, and borrows heavily from the fashion and image of 1970s glam rock.\nEarly glam metal evolved directly from the glam rock movement of the 1970s, as visual elements taken from acts such as The New York Dolls and David Bowie (and to a lesser extent, the punk and new wave movements taking place concurrently in New York City) were fused with the decidedly more heavy metal leaning and theatrical acts such as Alice Cooper and Kiss. The first examples of this fusion began appearing in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the United States, particularly on the Los Angeles Sunset Strip music scene, pioneered by bands such as M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce, Ratt, Quiet Riot, Twisted Sister, Stryper, Def Leppard, Bon Jovi, and Dokken. It achieved huge commercial success from approximately 1983 until the early 1990s, bringing to prominence bands such as Poison, Skid Row, Cinderella and Warrant. From a strictly visual perspective, glam metal is defined by flashy and tight-fitting clothing, makeup, and an overall androgynous aesthetic in which the traditional \"denim & leather\" aspect of heavy metal culture is replaced by spandex, lace, and heavy use of the color pink.\nGlam metal suffered a big loss in popularity beginning by the early 1990s as the grunge and alternative phenomenon revolutionized hard rock, and fans' tastes moved toward a more natural and stripped-down aesthetic and a complete rejection of the glam metal visual style. During this period, many of the most successful acts of the genre's 1980s pinnacle suddenly found themselves facing disbandment as their audiences moved in another direction. Glam metal has experienced a resurgence since the early 2000s, with successful reunion tours of many popular acts from the genre's 1980s heyday, as well as the emergence of new, predominantly European bands, including the Darkness, Crazy Lixx, Santa Cruz, Reckless Love, The Struts, and Steel Panther.", "Q3318288": "Mohamed Abbou (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0648\u200e \u2013 born 1 January 1959, Bni-Oulid near Taounate) is a Moroccan politician of the National Rally of Independents. Between 2007 and 2010, he held the position of Minister-Delegate for Public Service and the Modernization of the Administration in the cabinet of Abbas El Fassi. He was dismissed from this position because of a feud with the \"Wali\" (governor) of Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate.", "Q736932": "Roger Thomas Staubach (born February 5, 1942), nicknamed \"Roger the Dodger\", \"Captain America\" and \"Captain Comeback\", is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback for the Dallas Cowboys in the National Football League (NFL).\nHe attended the U.S. Naval Academy where he won the 1963 Heisman Trophy, and after graduation he served in the U.S. Navy, including a tour of duty in Vietnam. Staubach joined Dallas in 1969 and played with the club during all 11 seasons of his career. He led the team to the Super Bowl five times, four as the starting quarterback. He led the Cowboys to victories in Super Bowl VI and Super Bowl XII. Staubach was named Most Valuable Player of Super Bowl VI, becoming the first of four players to win both the Heisman Trophy, and Super Bowl MVP, along with Jim Plunkett, Marcus Allen, and Desmond Howard. He was named to the Pro Bowl six times during his 11-year NFL career. He is currently executive chairman of Jones Lang LaSalle.", "Q908": "Rostov-on-Don (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0432-\u043d\u0430-\u0414\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0301, tr. Rostov-na-Donu, IPA: [r\u0250\u02c8stof n\u0259 d\u0250\u02c8nu]) is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the Sea of Azov. The southwestern suburbs of the city abut the Don River delta. The population is over one million people (1,125,000).", "Q302860": "Aaron Dupree Tippin (born July 3, 1958) is an American country music artist and record producer. Initially a songwriter for Acuff-Rose Music, he gained a recording contract with RCA Nashville in 1990. His debut single, \"You've Got to Stand for Something\" became a popular anthem for American soldiers fighting in the Gulf War and helped to establish him as a neotraditionalist country act with songs that catered primarily to the American working class. Under RCA's tenure, he recorded five studio albums and a Greatest Hits package. Tippin switched to Lyric Street Records in 1998, where he recorded four more studio albums, counting a compilation of Christmas music. After leaving Lyric Street in 2006, he founded a personal label known as Nippit Records, on which he issued the compilation album Now & Then. A concept album, In Overdrive, was released in 2009.\nTippin has released a total of nine studio albums and two compilations, with six gold certifications and one platinum certification among them. In addition, he has charted more than thirty singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including three Number Ones: \"There Ain't Nothin' Wrong with the Radio\" (1992), \"That's as Close as I'll Get to Loving You\" (1995), and \"Kiss This\" (2000), as well as the Top Ten hits \"You've Got to Stand for Something\", \"I Wouldn't Have It Any Other Way\", \"My Blue Angel\", \"Working Man's Ph.D\", \"For You I Will\", and \"Where the Stars and Stripes and the Eagle Fly\".", "Q61361": "Gustave Albin Whitehead (born Gustav Albin Weisskopf; 1 January 1874 \u2013 10 October 1927) was an aviation pioneer who emigrated from Germany to the United States where he designed and built gliders, flying machines, and engines between 1897 and 1915. Controversy surrounds published accounts and Whitehead's own claims that he flew a powered machine successfully several times in 1901 and 1902, predating the first flights by the Wright Brothers in 1903.\nMuch of Whitehead's reputation rests on a newspaper article which was written as an eyewitness report and describes his powered and sustained flight in Connecticut on 14 August 1901. The article also includes a drawing of the aircraft in flight. Over a hundred newspapers in the U.S. and around the world soon repeated information from the article. Several local newspapers also reported on other flight experiments that Whitehead made in 1901 and subsequent years. Whitehead's aircraft designs and experiments were described or mentioned in Scientific American articles and a 1904 book about industrial progress. His public profile faded after about 1915, however, and he died in relative obscurity in 1927.\nIn the 1930s, a magazine article and book asserted that Whitehead had made powered flights in 1901\u201302, and the book includes statements from people who said that they had seen various Whitehead flights decades earlier. These published accounts triggered debate among scholars, researchers, and aviation enthusiasts, and even Orville Wright questioned whether Whitehead was first in powered flight. Mainstream historians dismissed the Whitehead flight claims, but some later research supported them, including books printed in 1966, 1978, and 2015.\nResearchers have studied and attempted to copy Whitehead aircraft. Since the 1980s, enthusiasts in the U.S. and Germany have built and flown versions of Whitehead's \"Number 21\" machine using modern engines and propellers.", "Q266458": "Noah Leslie Hathaway (born November 13, 1971) is an American actor and a former teen idol. He is best known for his roles as Atreyu in the 1984 film The NeverEnding Story and for portraying Boxey on the original television series Battlestar Galactica. His work in The Neverending Story made him particularly popular as a teenage celebrity in Europe.", "Q123802": "Leon \"Leo\" Jogiches (German: Leo Jogiches; Russian: \u041b\u0435\u0432 \"\u041b\u0435\u043e\" \u0419\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445\u0435\u0441; 17 July 1867 \u2013 10 March 1919), also commonly known by the party name Jan Tyszka, was a Marxist revolutionary active in Poland, Lithuania and Germany.\nJogiches was a founder of the political party known as The Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland (main forerunner of the Communist Party of Poland) in 1893 and a key figure in the underground Spartacus League in Germany (main forerunner of the Communist Party of Germany) during the years of World War I.\nFor many years the personal companion and a close political ally of internationally famous revolutionary Rosa Luxemburg, Jogiches was assassinated in Berlin by right-wing paramilitary forces in March 1919 while investigating Luxemburg's murder some weeks before.", "Q583843": "Olympic Air S.A. (Greek: \u039f\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae) is a regional airline, a subsidiary of the Greek carrier Aegean Airlines. It was formed as part of the privatization of the former Greek national carrier Olympic Airlines, a company that carried the name Olympic Airways from 1957 to the beginning of the 21st century. Olympic Air commenced limited operations on 29 September 2009, after Olympic Airlines ceased all operations The full-scale opening of the company taking place two days later on 1 October 2009. Its main hubs are Thessaloniki International Airport and Athens International Airport. Rhodes International Airport serves as a small secondary hub. The airline's headquarters are in Building 57 at Athens International Airport in Spata, and its registered seat is in Koropi, Kropia, East Attica.The airline uses the IATA code OA that it inherited from Olympic Airlines, and the ICAO code OAL. The airline was launched using the ICAO code NOA, but has been reported to have bought the OAL code used by Olympic Airlines.On 22 February 2010, Olympic Air and its main competitor Aegean Airlines announced they had reached an agreement to merge their operations, phasing out the Aegean brand. After an inquiry by the European competitions commission, it was announced on 26 January 2011 that the merger was blocked citing anti-competitive concerns. However, the sale to Aegean Airlines was approved by the EU Competition Commission on 10 October 2013, and the airline is now a subsidiary of Aegean Airlines. It operates 10 Bombardier Dash 8 aircraft and 2 ATR 42, its former fleet of A320 and A319 aircraft having been sold during the various processes covered above.", "Q31556": "Phocas (Latin: Flavius Focas Augustus; Greek: \u03a6\u03c9\u03ba\u1fb6\u03c2, Phokas; c. 547 \u2013 5 October 610) was Byzantine emperor from 602 to 610. The early life of Phocas is largely unknown, but he rose to prominence in 602, as a leader in the revolt against Emperor Maurice. Phocas captured Constantinople and overthrew Maurice on 23 November 602, and declared himself emperor on the same day. Phocas deeply distrusted the elite of Constantinople, and therefore installed his relatives in high military positions, and brutally purged his opponents. Phocas was an incompetent leader, both of the administration and army, and under him the Byzantine Empire was threatened by multiple enemies, with frequent raids in the Balkans from the Avars and Slavs, and a Sassanid invasion of the eastern provinces. Because of Phocas' incompetence and brutality, the Exarch of Africa, Heraclius the Elder, rebelled against him. Heraclius the Elder's son, Heraclius, succeeded in taking Constantinople on 5 October 610, and executed Phocas on the same day, before declaring himself the emperor.", "Q1641001": "The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts (Danish: Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi) has provided education in the arts for more than 250 years, playing its part in the development of the art of Denmark.", "Q67710": "Paul Haenlein (17 October 1835 in Cologne \u2013 27 January 1905 in Mainz) was a German engineer and flight pioneer. He flew in a semi-rigid-frame dirigible. His family belonged to the Citoyens notables, those notabilities who led the economy, administration and culture of Mainz.\nHaenlein received an education as a mechanical engineer and pattern maker. He studied at the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe. Subsequently he worked as graduated civil engineer for different factories. He was the first to create a dirigible airship which was powered by an internal combustion engine. This Lenoir-type motor obtained its fuel from the gas in the balloon. It had four horizontal cylinders, which delivered about 6 horsepower (4.5 kW) with a consumption of approximately 250 cubic feet (7.1 m3) of gas per hour. With a mass of 233 kg and an engine displacement of 19.2 l it delivered a continuous power of 2.7 kW. The gas was sucked from the envelope of the balloon, which was kept fully inflated by pumping in compensating air to the air bags inside the main envelope. Due to the consumption of gas, the lifting force decreased, so the range of the airship had been limited. \nIn 1872 Haenlein obtained a U.S. patent (No. 130 915) to use the otherwise wasted gas in the dirigible's engines. On 13 December, Paul Haenlein tested the first airship with a gas engine in Br\u00fcnn, achieving 19 km/h. This airship was a direct forerunner of the Lebaudy type, 164 feet (50 m) in length, 30 feet (9.1 m) greatest diameter, and with a cubic capacity of 85,000 feet (26,000 m). The airship achieved 19 km/h. The tests were stopped later, because of a shortage of money. \nA propeller of 15 feet (4.6 m) in diameter was driven by the Lenoir engine with 40 revolutions per minute. This was the first instance of the use of an internal combustion engine in connection with aeronautical experiments. \nThe envelope of the dirigible was rendered airtight by means of an internal rubber coating, with a thinner film on the outside. Syngas, used for inflation, formed a suitable fuel for the engine, but limited the height to which the dirigible could ascend. Such trials as were made were carried out with the dirigible held captive. A full experiment was prevented because funds ran low, but Haenlein's work constituted a distinct advance on all that had been done previously.\nThis engine type had the disadvantage of requiring either a gas-producer or a large storage capacity for the gas, either of which makes the total weight of the power plant much greater than that of a petrol engine.", "Q114076": "A Knight's Tale is a 2001 American medieval adventure-comedy film written, produced, and directed by Brian Helgeland. The film stars Heath Ledger, Shannyn Sossamon, Mark Addy, Alan Tudyk, Rufus Sewell, Laura Fraser, Paul Bettany as Geoffrey Chaucer, and James Purefoy as Sir Thomas Colville/Edward the Black Prince.\nThe story is told in an anachronistic style with many modern references. It follows a peasant named William who poses as a knight and competes in tournaments, winning accolades and acquiring friendships with such historical figures as Edward the Black Prince and Geoffrey Chaucer.\nThe film takes its title from Chaucer's \"The Knight's Tale\" in his The Canterbury Tales, though the plot is not similar. It received mixed reviews, and grossed $117.5 million against a budget of $65 million.", "Q5549674": "Gerald Westheimer AM FRS (born 13 May 1924) is an Australian scientist at University of California, Berkeley researching the eye, its optics, and how we see details in space and in three dimensions.\n\n", "Q335014": "Hygin-Edmond-Ludovic-Auguste Cav\u00e9\n(8 October 1796 \u2013 30 March 1852) was a French attorney, journalist, and government official, as well as an occasional playwright and librettist, who often collaborated with Adolphe Dittmer under the pseudonym Jacques Fran\u00e7ois de Fongeray.\nHe is also sometimes referred to as Edmond Cav\u00e9. He is perhaps best known as the subject of a portrait by the French artist Ingres, which is on display at New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art.", "Q232009": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2 is a 2011 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the second of two cinematic parts based on J. K. Rowling's 2007 novel of the same name. The film, which is the eighth and final instalment in the Harry Potter series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman, David Barron, and Rowling. The story continues to follow Harry Potter's quest to find and destroy Lord Voldemort's Horcruxes in order to stop him once and for all.\nThe film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. Principal photography began on 19 February 2009, and was completed on 12 June 2010, with reshoots taking place in December 2010, more than ten years after filming started on the first instalment of the series. Part 2 was released in 2D, 3-D and IMAX cinemas worldwide from 13\u201315 July 2011, and is the only Harry Potter film to be released in 3-D.The film became a commercial success and one of the best reviewed films of 2011, with praise for the acting, Yates's direction, musical score, visual effects, cinematography, action sequences, and the satisfying conclusion of the saga. At the box office, Part 2 claimed the worldwide opening weekend record, earning $483.2 million, as well as setting opening day and opening weekend records in various countries. Part 2 grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide and became the third-highest-grossing film of all time, as well as the highest-grossing film of 2011. As of 2020, it is the 13th-highest-grossing film of all time, the highest-grossing film in the Harry Potter series, as well as in the Wizarding World franchise, and the ninth film to gross over $1 billion. It is also the highest-grossing film of Warner Bros. and its parent company WarnerMedia.\nThe Blu-ray and DVD sets were released on 11 November 2011 in the United States and on 2 December 2011 in the United Kingdom. The film was also released in the Harry Potter: Complete 8-Film Collection box set on DVD and Blu-ray, which included all eight films and new special features. Part 1 and Part 2 were released as a combo pack on DVD and Blu-ray on 11 November 2011 in Canada.\nThe film won several awards and was nominated for many more, including three nominations at the Academy Awards for Best Art Direction, Best Makeup and Best Visual Effects.", "Q64219": "W\u00fcrenlingen is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q1700049": "John Fellows Akers (December 28, 1934 \u2013 August 22, 2014) was a U.S. businessman. At International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), he was president between 1983 and 1989, the CEO from 1985 until 1993, and chairman between 1986 and 1993.", "Q318838": "Tenue de soir\u00e9e (also titled M\u00e9nage) is a 1986 French comedy-drama film directed by Bertrand Blier. It was entered into the 1986 Cannes Film Festival where Michel Blanc won the award for Best Actor.", "Q62668": "Burchard of Worms (c. 950/65 \u2013 August 20, 1025) was the bishop of the Imperial City of Worms, in the Holy Roman Empire. He was the author of a canon law collection of twenty books known as the Decretum, Decretum Burchardi, or Decretorum libri viginti.", "Q2285082": "Alfred Renard (21 April 1895 \u2013 20 June 1988) was a Belgian aviation pioneer.\n\n", "Q234478": "Linda Evans (born Linda Evenstad; November 18, 1942) is an American actress known primarily for her roles on television. In the 1960s she played Audra Barkley, the daughter of Victoria Barkley (played by Barbara Stanwyck) in the Western television series, The Big Valley (1965\u20131969). She is best known for portraying Krystle Carrington in the 1980s ABC prime time soap opera Dynasty, a role she played from 1981 to 1989.", "Q4300460": "Erel Margalit (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05de\u05e8\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea\u200e; born 1 January 1961) is an Israeli high-tech and social entrepreneur. He is the founder and Executive Chairman of the Jerusalem-based venture capital firm Jerusalem Venture Partners (JVP) and the founder of two non-profit organizations \u201cBakehila\u201d and \u201cIsrael Initiative 2020\u201d establishing seven regions of excellence that combine technology and education. He served as a member of the Knesset on behalf of the Labor Party, from election in January 2013 until resigning in October 2017. Under Margalit's leadership, JVP has raised over $1.4 billion across nine funds, spanning all stages of venture capital, and has orchestrated some of the largest exits out of Israel. Forbes international business magazine selected Margalit as the top-ranking non-American venture capitalist on its prestigious \"Midas (The Golden Touch) List.\u201d The Marker Magazine named him the best venture capitalist in Israel.", "Q328723": "Andrew Stanton (born December 3, 1965) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer and voice actor based at Pixar, which he joined in 1990. His film work includes co-writing Pixar's A Bug's Life (1998) (as co-director), Finding Nemo (2003) and its sequel Finding Dory (2016), WALL-E (2008), and the live-action film, Disney's John Carter (2012). He also co-wrote all four Toy Story films (1995-2019) and Monsters, Inc. (2001).\nFinding Nemo and WALL-E earned him two Academy Awards for Best Animated Feature. He was also nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay, for Finding Nemo, WALL-E, and Toy Story (1995), and for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for Toy Story 3 (2010). On television, Stanton directed two episodes of Stranger Things in 2017, an episode of Better Call Saul in 2018, and the final season premiere of Legion in 2019.", "Q4679340": "Adam Kidan (born July 30, 1964) is an American businessman and the former president of Atlantic & Pacific Mattress Co. Due to his association with Jack Abramoff, he became a national figure when Abramoff's illegal lobbying ventures came to light.", "Q65107": "Stierva is a former municipality in the district of Albula in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Alvaschein, Mon, Stierva, Tiefencastel, Alvaneu, Brienz/Brinzauls and Surava merged to form the new municipality of Albula/Alvra.In the 2000 census, some two-thirds of the population declared Romansh as a first language, with most of the rest speaking German.", "Q1686238": "Jef Neve (born 8 March 1977) is a Belgian jazz and classical music pianist and composer.", "Q214964": "Gilles de Binche (called Binchois; also known as Gilles de Bins; c. 1400 \u2013 20 September 1460) was a composer from the Low Countries, one of the earliest members of the Burgundian school and one of the three most famous composers of the early 15th century. While often ranked behind his contemporaries Guillaume Dufay and John Dunstable by contemporary scholars, his works were still cited, borrowed and used as source material after his death.", "Q118658": "Walburga Fricke (born 14 September 1936) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. She is a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.\n\n", "Q107778": "Clara Eleonore Stinnes (known as Cl\u00e4renore; 21 January 1901 \u2013 7 September 1990) was a German car racer; accompanied by the Swedish cinematographer Carl-Axel S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m she was the first person to circumnavigate the world by automobile.Stinnes was born in M\u00fclheim to the German industrialist and politician Hugo Stinnes. At the age of 24 she participated in her first motor race; by 1927 she had won 17 races and was one of the most successful race car drivers in Europe. On 25 May 1927 Stinnes started to journey around the world, together with Carl-Axel S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m, whom she had met only two days before her departure, in a mass production Adler Standard 6 automobile and escorted by two mechanics and a freight vehicle with spare parts and equipment. The journey was sponsored by the German automotive industry (Adler, Bosch and Aral) with 100,000 Reichsmark.They passed through the Balkans via Beirut, Damascus, Baghdad and Tehran to Moscow, where the two mechanics left, then they travelled to Siberia, crossed the frozen Lake Baikal and the Gobi desert and came to Peking. They travelled by ferry to Japan, later to Hawaii and South America. Arriving in Lima they traveled across the Andes Mountains to Buenos Aires, then back again and north through Central America. The pair continued on to Vancouver and New York. In Washington, D.C. Stinnes and S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m were welcomed by President Herbert Hoover. They travelled by ferry to Le Havre and arrived with their car in Berlin on 24 June 1929, after a journey of 47,000 km (29,000 mi) by car.After their happy return Carl-Axel S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m was divorced; S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m and Stinnes married and lived on an estate in Sweden, where they raised three children of their own and several foster children. In later years they spent some time of the year in Irmenach. S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m died in 1976, aged 82, while Stinnes survived her husband by 14 years.", "Q273727": "Katharine Houghton (born Katharine Houghton Grant; March 10, 1945) is an American actress and playwright. She portrayed Joanna \"Joey\" Drayton, a white American woman who brings home her black American fianc\u00e9 to meet her parents, in the 1967 film Guess Who's Coming to Dinner. Katharine Hepburn, who played the mother of Houghton's character in the film, was Houghton's aunt.", "Q9688": "Berlin Tegel \"Otto Lilienthal\" Airport (German: Flughafen Berlin-Tegel \u201eOtto Lilienthal\u201c) (IATA: TXL, ICAO: EDDT) is the main international airport of Berlin, the federal capital of Germany. It formerly served West Berlin. The airport is named after Otto Lilienthal and is the fourth busiest airport in Germany, with 20.5 million passengers in 2017 and about 22 million in 2018. The airport is a hub for Eurowings as well as a base for EasyJet. It features flights to several European metropolitan and leisure destinations as well as some intercontinental routes. It is situated in Tegel, a section of the northern borough of Reinickendorf, 8 km (5.0 mi) northwest of the city centre of Berlin. Tegel Airport is notable for its hexagonal main terminal building around an open square, which makes walking distances as short as 30 m (98 ft) from the aircraft to the terminal exit.", "Q223110": "John Christopher Reilly (born May 24, 1965) is an American actor, comedian, singer, voice actor, screenwriter, and producer who made his film debut in Brian De Palma's war film Casualties of War (1989). Reilly gained exposure through his supporting roles in Days of Thunder (1990), What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993), and The River Wild (1994). He also starred in Paul Thomas Anderson's films Hard Eight (1996), Boogie Nights (1997), and Magnolia (1999). For his performance in Chicago (2002), Reilly was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the corresponding Golden Globe Award. He worked with director Martin Scorsese on both Gangs of New York (2002) and The Aviator (2004).\nIn 2007, he starred in the comedy Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story, garnering him a Grammy Award nomination and a second Golden Globe Award nomination for the song performed in the film, \"Walk Hard\". Reilly starred with Will Ferrell and Sacha Baron Cohen in the Adam McKay-directed comedies Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006) and Step Brothers (2008). He voiced the title character in the commercially successful Wreck It Ralph film series (2012-2018), and appeared in the superhero film Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), as well as Kong: Skull Island (2017). Since 2010, Reilly has been starring in the television series Check It Out! with Dr. Steve Brule, playing the titular character that originated on Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!. In 2018 he starred as the comedian Oliver Hardy in the biopic Stan and Ollie. The role won him the Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor. His performance as Dr. John Watson in the 2018 Columbia comedy/mystery film Holmes & Watson garnered very negative reviews, earning him his first Razzie for Worst Supporting Actor.\nReilly performs with his band John Reilly and Friends and worked as a stage actor in True West (2000), for which he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play.", "Q852891": "Girugamesh (\u30ae\u30eb\u30ac\u30e1\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5, Girugamesshu) was a Japanese visual kei rock band, formed in 2003. The name is sometimes stylized with a metal umlaut as girug\u00e4mesh and is derived from the Final Fantasy character. They disbanded on July 10, 2016.", "Q183478": "Jens William \u00c6gidius Elling (also Aegidus or Aegidius) (26 July 1861 \u2013 27 May 1949) was a Norwegian researcher, inventor and pioneer of gas turbine who is considered to be the father of the gas turbine. He built the first gas turbine that was able to produce more power than needed to run its own components.Elling was born in and grew up in Oslo, Norway. He studied mechanical engineering at Kristiania Technical College, (now part of Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences) graduating in 1881. Between 1885-1902, he worked as an engineer and designer at a number of workshops in Sweden and Norway.\nHis first gas turbine patent was granted in 1884. In 1903 he completed the first turbine that produced excess power; his original machine used both rotary compressors and turbines to produce 11 bhp (8 kW; 11 PS) net. He further developed the concept, and by 1912 he had developed a gas turbine system with separate turbine unit and compressor in series, a combination that is now common. One major challenge was to find materials that could withstand the high temperatures developed in the turbine to achieve high output powers. His 1903 turbine could withstand inlet temperatures up to 400\u00b0 Celsius (752\u00b0 F). Elling understood that if better materials could be found, the gas turbine would be an ideal power source for airplanes. Many years later, Sir Frank Whittle, building on the early work of Elling, managed to build a practical gas turbine engine for an airplane, the jet engine. Ellings gas turbine prototypes from 1903 and 1912 are exhibited at Norsk Teknisk Museum in Oslo.\nElling also did significant development work in other areas, such as steam engine controls, pumps, compressors, vacuum drying et cetera.\nIn 1914 Elling produced a book called Billig opvarmning: veiledning i at behandle magasinovner \u00f8konomisk og letvint. (English: Cheap Heating: Guidance for the simple and economical treatment of base burners), which was published by Aschehoug. Books written by Elling are now rare, and are mostly found in museums and libraries.", "Q75300": "Paul Gr\u00fcmmer (26 February 1879 \u2013 30 October 1965) was a German-born cellist and teacher.\nGr\u00fcmmer was born in Gera in Thuringia. He studied at the Leipzig Conservatory with Julius Klengel.\nHe was well known as a member of the Busch Quartet, founded by Adolf Busch. His students include German-born conductor and cellist Nikolaus Harnoncourt.\nAmong his pedagogical works:\n\"Die Grundlage der Klassischen und Virtuosen Technik auf dem Violoncello\" oder \"Les Bases de la technique et de la virtuosit\u00e9 de violoncelle\" (\"The basis of the classical and virtuoso technique of cello playing\"), Universal Edition, Vienna, 1942.\nHarmonische neue t\u00e4gliche \u00dcbungen : f\u00fcr Violoncello (\"New harmonious daily exercises: for cello\"), Bote & Bock, Berlin, 1954.", "Q139696": "Fanny Efimovna Kaplan (Russian: \u0424\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0415\u0444\u0438\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0301\u043d; real name Feiga Haimovna Roytblat, \u0424\u0435\u0439\u0433\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0442; February 10, 1890 \u2013 September 3, 1918) was a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party who shot Vladimir Lenin.\nAs a member of the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs), Kaplan viewed Lenin as a \"traitor to the revolution\" when the Bolsheviks banned her party. On 30 August 1918, she approached Lenin as he was leaving a Moscow factory, and fired three shots, badly injuring him. Interrogated by the Cheka, she refused to name any accomplices, and was shot on 3 September. The Kaplan attempt and the Moisei Uritsky assassination provoked the Soviet government to reinstitute the death penalty after its abolition on October 28th, 1917.\n\n", "Q65113": "Beate Auguste Klarsfeld (n\u00e9e K\u00fcnzel; born 13 February 1939 in Berlin) is a Franco-German journalist who, along with her French husband, Serge, became famous for their investigation and documentation of numerous Nazi war criminals, including Kurt Lischka, Alois Brunner, Klaus Barbie, Ernst Ehlers, Kurt Asche, amongst others. \nIn March 2012, she was a candidate for The Left in the 2012 German presidential election against Joachim Gauck, which she lost 126 to 991.", "Q119546": "Howard Zinn (August 24, 1922 \u2013 January 27, 2010) was an American historian, playwright, and socialist thinker. He was chair of the history and social sciences department at Spelman College, and a political science professor at Boston University. Zinn wrote over 20 books, including his best-selling and influential A People's History of the United States. In 2007, he published a version of it for younger readers, A Young People's History of the United States.Zinn described himself as \"something of an anarchist, something of a socialist. Maybe a democratic socialist.\" He wrote extensively about the Civil Rights Movement, the anti-war movement and labor history of the United States. His memoir, You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train (Beacon Press, 2002), was also the title of a 2004 documentary about Zinn's life and work. Zinn died of a heart attack in 2010, at age 87.", "Q69729": "Rapperswil-Jona is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.\nBesides Rapperswil and Jona, which were separate municipalities until 2006, the municipality includes Bollingen, Busskirch, Curtiberg, Kempraten-Lenggis, Wagen, and Wurmsbach.\nThe official language of Rapperswil is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.\n\n", "Q613224": "Ryan Phinny (born October 31, 1989) is an American racing driver from Los Angeles, California.\nAfter karting, Phinny made his Formula BMW USA debut in 2005 for Gelles Racing for two races and competed full-time in 2006 for Hearn Motorsports. He finished 9th in points with one podium finish. He also drove in the Formula BMW World Final for Gelles and finished 23rd. He was away from racing in 2007. In 2008 he made six starts in the Rolex Sports Car Series' GT class for Matt Connolly Motorsports in their Pontiac GTO.R and finished 22nd in points. In 2009 he made two starts for the same team. He also drove in the American Le Mans Series' 2009 Sports Car Challenge of St. Petersburg with Panoz Team PTG. In 2010 he only participated in karting races. In 2011 he has made a surprise appearance in Indy Lights driving for Brooks Associates Racing at the Long Beach Grand Prix.His father Pat Phinny was also a racing driver who competed in Formula Super Vee and made one Indy Lights start in 1987.", "Q539461": "Roque Antonio Dalton Garc\u00eda (San Salvador, El Salvador, 14 May 1935 \u2013 Quezaltepeque, El Salvador, 10 May 1975), born Roque Antonio Garc\u00eda, better known as Roque Dalton, was a Salvadoran poet, essayist, journalist, communist activist, and intellectual. He is considered one of Latin America's most compelling poets. He wrote emotionally strong, sometimes sarcastic, and image-loaded works dealing with life, death, love, and politics.\nEven though he never received an academic degree, he took part in higher education at the University of Chile and the University of El Salvador, where he studied law. He also visited the National Autonomous University of Mexico. While in Chile, he began to study Marxism and on returning to El Salvador, he became a significant player in local politics. He began working with poetry after helping found the University Literary Circle. He joined the Communist Party of El Salvador. He was imprisoned in 1959 and 1960 for inciting revolt during the presidency of Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Lemus.\nIn 1961, he was exiled from El Salvador, spending 1961 in Mexico, then moving to Cuba \u2013 where most of his poetry was published and where he completed his development as an author, but also in Mexico and Czechoslovakia. In Cuba, he became involved in the culture and received military training after the Bay of Pigs Invasion. After returning to El Salvador in 1965, he was arrested and interrogated by an agent of the Central Intelligence Agency. In 1969, he returned to Cuba and then Prague to work as correspondent for The International Review: Problems of Peace and Socialism. In the same year, he won the Poetry Prize Casa de las Am\u00e9ricas for his book Taberna y otros lugares.\nAfter leaving Cuba, Dalton became involved in El Salvador's civil war, joining the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP) in 1973. In the ERP, he found himself in a serious internal dispute with leader Alejandro Rivas Mira, who was becoming an influential leader of the armed group. As a consequence, the leadership of the ERP decided to execute him.He is remembered for his bohemian lifestyle and the jovial, irreverent personality reflected in his literary work, as well as his commitment to social causes in El Salvador. His work is diverse, going beyond the influences of his Marxist beliefs. He is considered one of the most influential Salvadoran writers. Posthumously, he has received recognition as \"Hijo Merit\u00edsimo\" and \"Poeta Merit\u00edsimo\" by the Salvadoran government and an honorary doctorate degree from the Universidad de El Salvador.", "Q944759": "Aurelio Voltaire Hern\u00e1ndez (born January 25, 1967), professionally known as Aurelio Voltaire or by the mononym Voltaire, is a Cuban-born American singer, songwriter, and musician. His professional name is his given middle name.\nVoltaire is also an experienced animator and comic artist, and is a professor at the School of Visual Arts in New York City.", "Q67704": "Hilde Schramm (born Hilde Speer; 17 April 1936) is a German politician for Alliance '90/The Greens (B\u00fcndnis 90/Die Gr\u00fcnen). Internationally she is best known as the daughter of the German architect and high-ranked Nazi Party official Albert Speer (1905\u20131981), and the younger sister of Albert Speer Jr. (1934\u20132017).\n\n", "Q1470264": "Frontiers Records is an Italian record label, predominantly producing hard rock. It was founded in 1996 by Serafino Perugino and is based in Naples, Italy.", "Q186500": "Chang Myon (hangul: \uc7a5\uba74; hanja: \u5f35\u52c9; August 28, 1899 \u2013 June 4, 1966) was a South Korean statesman, educator, diplomat, journalist and social activist as well as a Roman Catholic youth activist. He was the last Vice President of South Korea and the Prime Minister of the Second Republic. His styled name (ho) was Unseok (\uc6b4\uc11d, \u96f2\u77f3). His English name was John Chang Myon (baptismal name, surname, given name).\nUnder the Japanese rule, Chang worked as a teacher. From 1919\u201321, he taught at Yongsan Youth Catholic Theology School and from 1931\u201336 at Dongsung Commerce High School. From 1937\u201344, he was principal of Hyehwa Kindergarten of the Hyehwa-dong Catholic Church. From 1936\u201345, he was principal of Dongsung Commerce High School.\nIn 1948, he led the delegation of the Republic of Korea to the UN General Assembly. In 1949, he became the first ambassador of the Republic of Korea to the United States. In 1950, he successfully appealed to the United States and the UN to send troops to assist in the Korean War. On November 23, 1950, he was appointed the second prime minister of the First Republic of Korea. From 1956 to 1960, he served as the fourth vice president of the First Republic of Korea.\nWhen Syngman Rhee's government was ousted by the student-led pro-democracy uprising of April 19 Movement, he was elected the Prime Minister of the Second Republic in 1960. After the country adopted a parliamentary system in response to Rhee's abuse of presidential power, Chang became the head of government. Chang Myon's government ended when Park Chung-hee led a successful military coup on May 16, 1961, which marked the end of the Second Republic and the nation's brief experimentation with the cabinet form of government.\n\n", "Q687337": "William Edward Willoughby \"Teddy\" Petter (8 August 1908, Highgate in Middlesex \u2013 1 May 1968, B\u00e9ruges) was a British aircraft designer. He is noted for Westland's wartime aeroplanes, the Canberra, the early design of the Lightning, and his last plane, the Folland Gnat.", "Q172481": "Johnny Boyd (August 19, 1926 \u2013 October 27, 2003) was an American racecar driver.", "Q58292": "Somanahalli Mallaiah Krishna (born 1 May 1932) is an Indian politician who served as Minister of External Affairs of India from 2009 to October 2012. He was the 16th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1999 to 2004 and the 19th Governor of Maharashtra from 2004 to 2008. SM Krishna had served as the Speaker of the Karnataka Vidhan Sabha from December 1989 to January 1993. He was also a member of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha at various times from 1971 to 2014.", "Q77271": "Dorothea von Schlegel (n\u00e9e Brendel Mendelssohn; October 24, 1764 \u2013 August 3, 1839) was a German novelist and translator.", "Q3804701": "Ivan Gazidis (born 13 September 1964) is the Executive of Italian Serie A club AC Milan.\nGazidis is of Greek origin, but was born in Johannesbourg, South Africa. At the age of 4 moved to Manchester in the United Kingdom and attended independent Manchester Grammar School. Being an adopted Mancunian from a young age, he supported Manchester City. Later he attended St Edmund Hall at the University of Oxford, where he was twice awarded a blue playing football against Cambridge in 1984 and 1985. He graduated with a degree in law in 1986 and in 1992 he moved to the United States to work for Latham & Watkins.In 1994, he joined the founding management team of Major League Soccer, becoming in 2001 its deputy commissioner. He oversaw MLS's key strategic and business decisions and its marketing arm, Soccer United Marketing, of which he was president. He also helped promote the Mexican Football Federation and the CONCACAF Gold Cup.In November 2008 Gazidis accepted the post of chief executive of Arsenal, a post he formally took up from 1 January 2009. He succeeded former managing director Keith Edelman and was expected to take over many of the roles formerly undertaken by ex-vice-chairman David Dein.In 2017\u201318, he oversaw significant personnel changes at the top of the club in preparation for then manager Arsene Wenger's departure, which was announced in April 2018. Gazidis spearheaded the search for a new Manager, eventually hiring Unai Emery in May.\nUpon announcing his departure, it was revealed his successors would be Vinai Venkatesham as Managing Director, and Raul Sanllehi as head of football.On 18 September 2018, Gazidis announced that he would be leaving Arsenal to join A.C. Milan. He took up the role on 1 December 2018. During January 2019 transfer window, Gazidis vetoed the arrivals of Zlatan Ibrahimovic and Cesc Fabregas in Milan despite their free agent status, citing their age as the main reason. He also opted to terminate Gonzalo Higuain's loan deal six months in advance. On the other hand, he approved the transfers of Krzysztof Pi\u0105tek and Lucas Paquet\u00e1, both carried out by Leonardo. In his first season as the club's CEO, the team finished fifth in Serie A, which became its best result in six years, yet failed to qualify for Champions League.", "Q488916": "The Verve were an English rock band that formed in Wigan in 1990 by lead vocalist Richard Ashcroft, guitarist Nick McCabe, bass guitarist Simon Jones and drummer Peter Salisbury. Guitarist and keyboard player Simon Tong later became a member.\nBeginning with a psychedelic sound with their debut LP A Storm in Heaven, by the mid-1990s the band had released several EPs and three albums. It also endured name and line-up changes, break-ups, health problems, drug abuse and various lawsuits. The band's commercial breakthrough was the 1997 album Urban Hymns, one of the best-selling albums in UK Chart history. The album features the hit singles \"Bitter Sweet Symphony\", \"The Drugs Don't Work\" and \"Lucky Man\". In 1998, the band won two Brit Awards\u2014winning Best British Group, appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine in March, and in February 1999, \"Bitter Sweet Symphony\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song.Soon after their commercial peak, the Verve disbanded in April 1999, citing internal conflicts. According to Billboard magazine, \"the group's rise was the culmination of a long, arduous journey that began at the dawn of the decade and went on to encompass a major breakup, multiple lawsuits, and an extensive diet of narcotics\". During an eight-year split, Ashcroft dismissed talk of a reunion, saying: \"You're more likely to get all four Beatles on stage.\" The band's original line-up reunited in June 2007, embarking on a tour later that year and releasing the album Forth in August 2008, which spawned the hit single \"Love Is Noise\". Amid revived tensions, the band broke up for the third time in 2008 following their final performance together at the V Festival.", "Q325575": "Sweet November is a 2001 American romantic drama film based in San Francisco directed by Pat O'Connor and starring Keanu Reeves and Charlize Theron. The film is based on the 1968 film Sweet November written by Herman Raucher, which starred Anthony Newley and Sandy Dennis.", "Q50816": "Mississauga (listen) is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario and a suburb of Toronto. It is situated on the shores of Lake Ontario in the Regional Municipality of Peel, bordering Toronto to the east. With a population of 721,599 as of the 2016 census, Mississauga is the sixth-most populous municipality in Canada, third-most in Ontario, and second-most in the Greater Toronto Area.The growth of Mississauga is attributed to its proximity to Toronto. During the latter half of the 20th century, the city attracted a multicultural population and built up a thriving central business district. It is home to Toronto Pearson International Airport, Canada's busiest airport, as well as the headquarters of many Canadian and multinational corporations.", "Q622947": "Jane's Addiction is an American rock band from Los Angeles, formed in 1985. The band consists of vocalist Perry Farrell, guitarist Dave Navarro, drummer Stephen Perkins and bassist Chris Chaney.\nFounded by Farrell and original bass guitarist Eric Avery following the disintegration of Farrell's previous band Psi Com, Jane's Addiction was one of the first bands from the early 1990s alternative rock movement to gain both mainstream media attention and commercial success in the United States. Jane's Addiction's first release was a self-titled live album in 1987 and quickly caught the attention of Warner Bros. Records. The band's first two studio albums, Nothing's Shocking (1988) and Ritual de lo habitual (1990), were released to widespread critical acclaim, and an increasing cult fanbase. As a result, Jane's Addiction became icons of what Farrell dubbed the \"Alternative Nation\". The band's initial farewell tour, in 1991, launched the first Lollapalooza, which has since become a perennial alternative rock festival.\nThe band briefly reunited in 1997, with Flea of the Red Hot Chili Peppers replacing Avery on bass guitar. In 2001, a second reunion took place, with Martyn LeNoble\u2014and later Chris Chaney\u2014occupying the role of bass guitarist. In 2003, the band released its third studio album, Strays, before dissolving again the following year.\nIn 2008, the band's original line-up reunited and embarked on a world tour. Eric Avery, however, subsequently left the band in early 2010 as the group began working on new material. The band released its fourth studio album The Great Escape Artist in 2011, with Chaney returning to the band for its recording and subsequent tour. In 2016, Jane's Addiction were nominated for induction into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q82788": "Im Si-wan (Korean: \uc784\uc2dc\uc644; Hanja: \u4efb\u6642\u5b8c; born on December 1, 1988), known mononymously as Siwan, is a South Korean singer and actor. He is a member of the South Korean boyband ZE:A and its sub-group ZE:A Five. As an actor, he is best known for starring in the film The Attorney (2013), and the cable series Misaeng: Incomplete Life (2014), which were both successful in the box office and ratings.", "Q463009": "Richard Samuel \"Dick\" Morris (born November 28, 1946) is an American political author and commentator who previously worked as a pollster, political campaign consultant, and general political consultant.A friend and advisor to Bill Clinton during his time as Governor of Arkansas, since his 1978 run, Morris became a political adviser to the White House after Clinton was elected president in 1992. Morris encouraged Clinton to pursue third way policies of triangulation that combined traditional Republican and Democratic proposals, rhetoric, and issues so as to achieve maximum political gain and popularity. He worked as a Republican strategist before joining the Clinton administration, where he helped Clinton recover from the 1994 midterm elections by advising the President to adopt more moderate policies. The president consulted Morris in secret beginning in 1994. Clinton's communications director George Stephanopoulos has said, \"Over the course of the first nine months of 1995, no single person had more power over the president.\" Morris went on to become campaign manager of Bill Clinton's successful 1996 bid for re-election as President, but his tenure on that campaign was cut short two months before the election, when it was revealed that he had allowed a prostitute to listen in on conversations with the President.\nMorris now writes a weekly column for the New York Post which is carried nationwide, contributes columns and blogs to both the print and online versions of The Hill. He is also president of Vote.com. More recently, Morris has emerged as a harsh critic of the Clintons and has written several books that criticize them, including Rewriting History, a rebuttal to then-Senator Hillary Clinton's Living History. Morris said that he would leave the United States if Hillary Clinton were elected president in 2008.Morris was the strategist for Republican Christy Mihos's campaign in the 2010 Massachusetts gubernatorial race and supported Mitt Romney in 2012, predicting that he would achieve a landslide victory. Blogger Andrew Sullivan has named an annual award after Morris, given for \"stunningly wrong political, social and cultural predictions\". He has appeared in the past on the Fox News for political commentary, especially appearing on The O'Reilly Factor and Hannity. After the 2012 election, Morris did not appear on Fox News for three months, and the network ultimately opted not to renew his contract.", "Q105609": "Wolfgang Gust (born 9 April 1935 in Hanover) is a German journalist, historian, author and chief of heading for magazine Der Spiegel.He studied Romanistik in Freiburg, Bonn and Toulouse (France) and marketing and management in Hamburg. He worked at Der Spiegel starting in 1965, first as editor of economics and then as a foreign editor. At the beginning of 1970 he went to Paris as chief correspondent, and became deputy foreign editor in 1977. In 1981 he directed the department of books. He was the author of the series on Mountainous Karabagh and the Armenian genocide. After 1993 he became a freelance journalist and author. \nGust examined the publication by Protestant minister Johannes Lepsius of documents of the German foreign office related to Armenian Genocide and disclosed various omissions and falsifications that covered for German responsibility. He published the wording of the original documents, including English translation, as well as the individual manipulations in armenocide.net in co-operation with its wife in March 2000. Three years later, he published hundreds of further German Ausw\u00e4rtiges Amt documents in the same portal. In 2005 he published a selection of the most important documents.\nWolfgang Gust has received the Garbis Papazian prize, given to support non-Armenians who contribute to the propagation of Armenian causes.", "Q276139": "Charlotte Ann Martin (born October 31, 1976) is an American singer-songwriter, who performs predominantly on the piano. She has written several studio albums, two of which have received mainstream commercial releases, 2004's On Your Shore and 2006's Stromata. In 2009, she released an instrumental piano album titled Piano Trees before releasing her new studio album Dancing on Needles on February 1, 2011. On February 25, 2014, she released a new studio album, Water Breaks Stone.", "Q318192": "Robert Recorde (c. 1512\u20131558) was a Welsh physician and mathematician. He invented the equals sign (=) and also introduced the pre-existing plus sign (+) to English speakers in 1557.", "Q311808": "Amalric (Latin: Amalricus; French: Amaury; 1136 \u2013 11 July 1174) was King of Jerusalem from 1163, and Count of Jaffa and Ascalon before his accession. He was the second son of Melisende and Fulk of Jerusalem, and succeeded his older brother Baldwin III. During his reign, Jerusalem became more closely allied with the Byzantine Empire, and the two states launched an unsuccessful invasion of Egypt. Meanwhile, the Muslim territories surrounding Jerusalem began to be united under Nur ad-Din and later Saladin. He was the father of three future rulers of Jerusalem, Sibylla, Baldwin IV, and Isabella I.\nOlder scholarship mistook the two names Amalric and Aimery as variant spellings of the same name, so these historians erroneously added numbers, making Amalric to be Amalric I (1163\u201374) and King Aimery (1197\u20131205) to be \"Amalric II\". Now scholars recognize that the two names were not the same and no longer add the number for either king. Confusion between the two names was common even among contemporaries.", "Q394816": "Agnes of God is a 1985 American neo noir drama mystery film directed by Norman Jewison and starring Jane Fonda, Anne Bancroft and Meg Tilly. It was written by John Pielmeier, based on his play of the same name. The plot is about a novice nun who gives birth and insists that the dead child was the result of a virginal conception. A psychiatrist (Fonda) and the mother superior (Bancroft) of the convent clash during the resulting investigation.\nDespite generally mixed reviews from critics, the film was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actress in a Leading Role (Bancroft), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Tilly), and Best Original Score. Tilly also won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress.", "Q361337": "Adolf Edgar Licho (1876\u20131944) was a Russian-German actor, screenwriter, and film director. He was born of Jewish parentage in Kremenchug which was then part of the Russian Empire, but emigrated to Germany to work in the theatre and then later in silent films. Following the Nazi Party's takeover in 1933 he went into exile, first in Austria and France and later in the United States. In Hollywood he played minor roles until his death in 1944.", "Q109033": "Anna Ritter (Feb. 23, 1865 \u2013 Oct. 31, 1921) was a German poet and writer.", "Q3164853": "Jean-Claude Bouillaud (7 June 1927 \u2013 20 June 2008) was a French film and television actor.\n\n", "Q182000": "The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body.\nUNCTAD is the part of the United Nations Secretariat dealing with trade, investment, and development issues. The organization's goals are to: \"maximize the trade, investment and development opportunities of developing countries and assist them in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis\". UNCTAD was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1964 and it reports to the UN General Assembly and United Nations Economic and Social Council.The primary objective of UNCTAD is to formulate policies relating to all aspects of development including trade, aid, transport, finance and technology. The conference ordinarily meets once in four years; the permanent secretariat is in Geneva.\nOne of the principal achievements of UNCTAD (1964) has been to conceive and implement the Generalised System of Preferences (GSP). It was argued in UNCTAD that to promote exports of manufactured goods from developing countries, it would be necessary to offer special tariff concessions to such exports. Accepting this argument, the developed countries formulated the GSP scheme under which manufacturers' exports and import of some agricultural goods from the developing countries enter duty-free or at reduced rates in the developed countries. Since imports of such items from other developed countries are subject to the normal rates of duties, imports of the same items from developing countries would enjoy a competitive advantage.\nThe creation of UNCTAD in 1964 was based on concerns of developing countries over the international market, multi-national corporations, and great disparity between developed nations and developing nations. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was established to provide a forum where the developing countries could discuss the problems relating to their economic development. The organisation grew from the view that existing institutions like GATT (now replaced by the World Trade Organization, WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Bank were not properly organized to handle the particular problems of developing countries. Later, in the 1970s and 1980s, UNCTAD was closely associated with the idea of a New International Economic Order (NIEO).\nThe first UNCTAD conference took place in Geneva in 1964, the second in New Delhi in 1968, the third in Santiago in 1972, fourth in Nairobi in 1976, the fifth in Manila in 1979, the sixth in Belgrade in 1983, the seventh in Geneva in 1987, the eighth in Cartagena in 1992, the ninth at Johannesburg (South Africa) in 1996, the tenth in Bangkok (Thailand) in 2000, the eleventh in S\u00e3o Paulo (Brazil) in 2004, the twelfth in Accra in 2008, the thirteenth in Doha (Qatar) in 2012 and the fourteenth in Nairobi (Kenya) in 2016.\nCurrently, UNCTAD has 195 member states and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. UNCTAD has 400 staff members and a bi-annual (2010\u20132011) regular budget of $138 million in core expenditures and $72 million in extra-budgetary technical assistance funds. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group. There are non-governmental organizations participating in the activities of UNCTAD.\n\n", "Q235014": "Madeleine Sophie Townley (born 12 December 1969), known by her pen name Sophie Kinsella, is an English author. The first two novels in her best-selling Shopaholic series, The Secret Dreamworld of a Shopaholic and Shopaholic Abroad, were adapted into the film Confessions of a Shopaholic (2009). Her books have sold over 40 million copies in more than 60 countries, and been translated into over 40 languages.", "Q1934911": "The Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Russian: \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0421\u0438\u043b \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438) is the senior staff college of the Russian Armed Forces. \nThe academy is located in Moscow, on 14 Kholzunova Lane, not far from the Combined Arms Academy. It was founded in 1936 as a Soviet institution, based on higher command courses that had been established at the M. V. Frunze Military Academy, itself founded in 1918. An earlier General Staff Academy had existed during the Imperial period, since 1832.\nThe \"best and the brightest\" officers of all the Soviet Armed Forces were selected to attend this senior and most prestigious of all the Soviet academies. Students were, and probably still are, admitted to the Academy in the ranks of lieutenant colonel, colonel, and General-Major (one star). Most were colonels or newly promoted generals. Officers enter in their late 30s, as a general rule. Officers selected for this academy would have first attended the appropriate service or branch academy (see Military academies in Russia). Graduates who were not already generals or admirals usually were promoted to this rank a short time after completing the course. Length of the academy was only two years, in contrast to the three years for the branch and service academies.\nFaculty and students of the General Staff Academy were involved in debates over Soviet military restructuring in the last years of the USSR. They became associated with the military reform efforts of Major Vladimir Lopatin and made specific suggestions for deep force reductions.The Commandant, as of 2020, is Army General Vladimir Zarudnitsky.", "Q192213": "Holon (Hebrew: \u05d7\u05d5\u05b9\u05dc\u05d5\u05b9\u05df (audio) ) is a city on the central coastal strip of Israel, south of Tel Aviv. Holon is part of the metropolitan Gush Dan area. In 2018 it had a population of 194,273. Holon has the second-largest industrial zone in Israel, after Haifa.", "Q959708": "Jules Fran\u00e7ois Camille Ferry (French: [\u0292yl f\u025b\u0281i]; 5 April 1832 \u2013 17 March 1893) was a French statesman and republican. He was a promoter of laicism and colonial expansion.", "Q146724": "Tanuja Samarth, popularly known as Tanuja, is an Indian film actress, who predominantly works in the Hindi film industry. Part of the Mukherjee-Samarth family, she is the daughter of actress Shobhna Samarth and producer Kumarsen Samarth, and was married to filmmaker Shomu Mukherjee, with whom she has two daughters, actresses Kajol and Tanisha. A recipient of two Filmfare Awards, Tanuja is best known for her roles in the Hindi films like Memdidi (1961), Chand Aur Suraj (1965), Baharen Phir Bhi Aayengi (1966), Jewel Thief (1967), Nai Roshni (1967), Jeene Ki Raah (1969), Haathi Mere Saathi (1971), Anubhav (1971), Mere Jeevan Saathi (1972) and Do Chor (1972). Her pairing with actors Sanjeev Kumar, Rajesh Khanna and Dharmendra used to be popular in late 60s and early 70s.", "Q907112": "Transnistria or Transdniestria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR; Russian: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430), is a breakaway state in the narrow strip of land between the river Dniester and the Ukrainian border that is internationally recognized as part of Moldova. Its capital is Tiraspol. Transnistria has been recognised only by three other mostly non-recognised states: Abkhazia, Artsakh, and South Ossetia.Transnistria is designated by the Republic of Moldova as the Transnistria autonomous territorial unit with special legal status (Romanian: Unitatea teritorial\u0103 autonom\u0103 cu statut juridic special Transnistria), or St\u00eenga Nistrului (\"Left Bank of the Dniester\").After the dissolution of the USSR, tensions between Moldova and the breakaway Transnistrian territory escalated into a military conflict that started in March 1992 and was concluded by a ceasefire in July of the same year. As part of that agreement, a three-party (Russia, Moldova, Transnistria) Joint Control Commission supervises the security arrangements in the demilitarised zone, comprising twenty localities on both sides of the river. Although the ceasefire has held, the territory's political status remains unresolved: Transnistria is an unrecognised but de facto independent semi-presidential republic with its own government, parliament, military, police, postal system, currency and vehicle registration. Its authorities have adopted a constitution, flag, national anthem and coat of arms. It is the only country still using the hammer and sickle on its flag, despite not being a communist state.\nAfter a 2005 agreement between Moldova and Ukraine, all Transnistrian companies that seek to export goods through the Ukrainian border must be registered with the Moldovan authorities. This agreement was implemented after the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) took force in 2005. Most Transnistrians also have Moldovan citizenship, but many Transnistrians also have Russian and Ukrainian citizenship. The main ethnic groups in 2015 were Russians (34%), Moldovans (33%), and Ukrainians (26.7%).\nTransnistria, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Artsakh are post-Soviet \"frozen conflict\" zones. These four partially recognised states maintain friendly relations with each other and form the Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations.", "Q123180": "The Silvretta Alps are a mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps shared by Tirol, Vorarlberg (both in Austria) and Graub\u00fcnden (Switzerland). The Austrian states of Tirol and Vorarlberg are connected by a pass road (Silvretta Hochalpenstra\u00dfe at 2032 m). The majority of the peaks are elevated above three thousand metres and are surrounded by glaciers. Thus, the area is also known as the \"Blue Silvretta\".\n\n", "Q152779": "Mary Louise Brooks (November 14, 1906 \u2013 August 8, 1985), known professionally as Louise Brooks, was an American film actress and dancer during the 1920s and 1930s. She is regarded today as a Jazz Age icon and as a flapper sex symbol due to her bob hairstyle that she helped popularize during the prime of her career.At the age of fifteen, Brooks began her career as a dancer and toured with the Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts where she performed opposite Ted Shawn. After being fired, she found employment as a chorus girl in George White's Scandals and as a semi-nude dancer in the Ziegfeld Follies in New York City. While dancing in the Follies, Brooks came to the attention of Walter Wanger, a producer at Paramount Pictures, and was signed to a five-year contract with the studio. She appeared in supporting roles in various Paramount films before progressing to the role of heroine in Beggars of Life (1928). During this time, she became an intimate friend of actress Marion Davies and joined the elite social circle of press baron William Randolph Hearst at Hearst Castle in San Simeon.Dissatisfied with her mediocre roles in Hollywood films, Brooks flew to Europe in 1929 and starred in three feature films which launched her to international stardom: Pandora's Box (1929), Diary of a Lost Girl (1929), and Miss Europe (1930); the first two were made by G. W. Pabst. By 1938, she had starred in seventeen silent films and eight sound films. After her retirement from acting, she fell upon financial hardship and became a paid escort. For the next two decades, she struggled with alcoholism and suicidal tendencies. Following the rediscovery of her films by cinephiles in the 1950s, a reclusive Brooks began writing articles about her film career, and her insightful essays drew considerable acclaim. She published her memoir, Lulu in Hollywood, in 1982. Three years later, she died of a heart attack at age 78.", "Q433616": "Susan Lynn Bernard (February 11, 1948 \u2013 June 21, 2019) was an American author, actress, model and businesswoman from Los Angeles, California. She was the daughter of photographer Bruno Bernard.", "Q77259": "Otto of Bamberg (German: Otto von Bamberg, Polish: Otton z Bambergu; 1060 or 1061 \u2013 30 June 1139) was Bishop of Bamberg and a missionary who, as papal legate, converted much of medieval Pomerania to Christianity.", "Q1610272": "Herman Haupt (Philadelphia, March 26, 1817 \u2013 Jersey City, December 14, 1905) was an American civil engineer and railroad construction engineer and executive. A Union Army General, he played a key role in the American Civil War, during which he revolutionized U.S. military transportation, particularly the use of railroads.\n\n", "Q270560": "Irwin Lawrence \"Paul\" Mazursky (April 25, 1930 \u2013 June 30, 2014) was an American film director, screenwriter, and actor. Known for his dramatic comedies that often dealt with modern social issues, he was nominated for five Academy Awards: three times for Best Original Screenplay, once for Best Adapted Screenplay, and once for Best Picture for An Unmarried Woman (1978). His other films include Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1969), Blume in Love (1973), Harry and Tonto (1974), Moscow on the Hudson (1984), and Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1986).", "Q521560": "Marnie Stern (born March 18, 1976) is an American musician, singer-songwriter, and guitarist. She has garnered acclaim for her technical skill and tapping style of guitar play. Stern is also a current member of The 8G Band from the show Late Night with Seth Meyers.", "Q362616": "Jonathan Edward Bernthal (; born September 20, 1976) is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Shane Walsh on the AMC horror series The Walking Dead (2010\u20132012; 2018) and Frank Castle / The Punisher on the Netflix action series Daredevil (2015\u20132018) and The Punisher (2017\u20132019). He began his career in theater before guest starring on various television shows. He has also starred in supporting and leading roles in films such as The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), Fury (2014), Sicario (2015), The Accountant (2016), Baby Driver (2017), Wind River (2017), Widows (2018), and Ford v Ferrari (2019).", "Q2984214": "Eli Lilly (July 8, 1838 \u2013 June 6, 1898) was an American soldier, pharmacist, chemist, and businessman who founded the Eli Lilly and Company pharmaceutical corporation. Lilly enlisted in the Union Army during the American Civil War and recruited a company of men to serve with him in the 18th Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery. He was later promoted to major and then colonel, and was given command of the 9th Regiment Indiana Cavalry. Lilly was captured in September 1864 and held as a prisoner of war until January 1865. After the war, he attempted to run a plantation in Mississippi, but it failed and he returned to his pharmacy profession after the death of his first wife. Lilly remarried and worked with business partners in several pharmacies in Indiana and Illinois before opening his own business in 1876 in Indianapolis. Lilly's company manufactured drugs and marketed them on a wholesale basis to pharmacies. Lilly's pharmaceutical firm proved to be successful and he soon became wealthy after making numerous advances in medicinal drug manufacturing. Two of the early advances he pioneered were creating gelatin capsules to contain medicines and developing fruit flavorings. Eli Lilly and Company became one of the first pharmaceutical firms of its kind to staff a dedicated research department and put into place numerous quality-assurance measures.\nUsing his wealth, Lilly engaged in numerous philanthropic pursuits. He turned over the management of the company to his son, Josiah K. Lilly, Sr., around 1890 to allow himself more time to continue his involvement in charitable organizations and civic advancement. Colonel Lilly helped found the Commercial Club, the forerunner to the Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce, and became the primary patron of Indiana's branch of the Charity Organization Society. He personally funded a children's hospital in Indianapolis, known as Eleanor Hospital (closed in 1909). Lilly continued his active involvement with many other organizations until his death from cancer in 1898.\nColonel Lilly was an advocate of federal regulation of the pharmaceutical industry, and many of his suggested reforms were enacted into law in 1906, resulting in the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. He was also among the pioneers of the concept of prescriptions, and helped form what became the common practice of giving addictive or dangerous medicines only to people who had first seen a physician. The company he founded has since grown into one of the largest and most influential pharmaceutical corporations in the world, and the largest corporation in Indiana. Using the wealth generated by the company, his son, J. K., and grandsons, Eli Jr. and Josiah Jr. (Joe), established the Lilly Endowment in 1937; it remains as one of the largest charitable benefactors in the world and continues the Lilly legacy of philanthropy.", "Q1273278": "Igor Fyodorovich Maslennikov (Russian: \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432; born 26 October 1931) is a Soviet and Russian film director.\n\n", "Q154308": "Dom Manuel II (15 November 1889 \u2013 2 July 1932), \"the Patriot\" (Portuguese: \"o Patriota\") or \"the Unfortunate\" (Portuguese: \"o Desventurado\"), was the last King of Portugal, ascending the throne after the assassination of his father, King Carlos I, and his elder brother, Lu\u00eds Filipe, the Prince Royal. Before ascending the throne he held the title of Duke of Beja. His reign ended with the dissolution of the monarchy in the 5 October 1910 revolution, and Manuel lived the rest of his life in exile in Twickenham, Middlesex, England.", "Q747891": "Francis Patrick Roach (19 May 1937 \u2013 17 July 2004) was an English actor, and professional wrestler. During an acting career in the 1970s - 1990s he appeared in multiple cinema films, usually cast as a support player strongman villain. He appeared in the Indiana Jones cinema films; as the West Country bricklayer Brian \"Bomber\" Busbridge in the 1980s British television series Auf Wiedersehen, Pet, and in the role of Petty Officer Edgar Evans in the television production The Last Place on Earth.", "Q3436306": "Robert Simpson (September 17, 1834 \u2013 December 14, 1897) was the Scottish founder of Simpson's department store chain in Canada.", "Q603779": "Alexey Ivanovich Sudayev (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432; 23 August 1912 \u2013 17 August 1946) was a Soviet firearm designer. He created the PPS submachine gun and the AS-44 assault rifle.\nHe lived in Leningrad, and participated in the defense of the city. The PPS was developed to be mass-produced for the defense of Leningrad.\nSudayev designed one of the first Soviet assault rifles for the new intermediate cartridge 7.62\u00d739mm, the AS-44. The first prototype was tested in 1944, and found to function adequately by the Soviet army, though it was considered too heavy at 5.6 kg. Sudayev then worked on a second, lighter prototype that weighed only 5.35 kg. However, the second prototype had accuracy and reliability problems, which needed to be resolved. Unfortunately, Sudayev became seriously ill and died in 1946 (a week before his 34th birthday) before his design could be finalized.\n\n", "Q188263": "Henry Taylor Blow (July 15, 1817 \u2013 September 11, 1875) was a two-term U.S. Representative from Missouri and an ambassador to both Venezuela and Brazil.", "Q646225": "Woking ( WOH-king) is a town in northwest Surrey, England. It is at the southwestern edge of the Greater London Urban Area and is a part of the London commuter belt, with frequent trains and a journey time of approximately 24 minutes to Waterloo station. Woking is 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Charing Cross in central London. Woking town itself, excluding its narrowly contiguous built-up area which extends from West End to West Byfleet, has a population of 62,796, and the UK Government has recorded its Built Up Area as 5% more populous than its Borough with 105,367 residents in 2011, the highest in the county.", "Q130842": "The State of Greater Lebanon (Arabic: \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u200e Dawlat Lubn\u0101n al-Kab\u012br; French: \u00c9tat du Grand Liban) was a state declared on 1 September 1920, which became the Lebanese Republic (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u200e al-Jumh\u016br\u012byah al-Lubn\u0101n\u012byah; French: R\u00e9publique libanaise) in May 1926, and is the predecessor of modern Lebanon.\nThe state was declared on 1 September 1920, following Decree 318 of 31 August 1920, as a League of Nations Mandate under the proposed terms of the French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon which was to be ratified in 1923. When the Ottoman Empire was formally split up by the Treaty of S\u00e8vres in 1920, it was decided that four of its territories in the Middle East should be League of Nations mandates temporarily governed by the United Kingdom and France on behalf of the League. The British were given Palestine and Iraq, while the French were given a mandate over Syria and Lebanon.\nGeneral Gouraud proclaimed the establishment of the state with its present boundaries after splitting a few Syrian villages on the southern and western borders with Lebanon and adding them to Lebanon and with Beirut as its capital. The new territory was granted a flag, merging the French flag with the Lebanese cedar.", "Q72321": "Merci pour le Chocolat, also known as Nightcap, is a 2000 French psychological thriller film directed by Claude Chabrol and starring Isabelle Huppert and Jacques Dutronc. The film is based on the novel The Chocolate Cobweb by Charlotte Armstrong.", "Q376663": "Mean Machine is a 2001 British sports comedy film directed by Barry Skolnick and starring former footballer Vinnie Jones. The film is an adaptation of the 1974 American film The Longest Yard, featuring association football rather than American football. It also reunites most of the cast from executive producer Guy Ritchie's prior blockbusters Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels and Snatch.", "Q87800": "Renate Anna Blank (n\u00e9e Reichenberger; born 8 August 1941, in Nuremberg) is a German politician and member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.", "Q553690": "Sir Edward Battersby Bailey FRS FRSE MC CB LLD (1 July 1881 \u2013 19 March 1965) was an English geologist.", "Q213945": "Hans-Heinrich Herwarth von Bittenfeld (14 July 1904 \u2013 21 August 1999), also known as Johnnie or Johann von Herwarth, was a German diplomat who provided the Allies with information prior to and during the Second World War.", "Q25279": "Cura\u00e7ao ( KEWR-\u0259ss-oh, -\u2060ow, -\u2060OH, -\u2060OW, Dutch: [kyra\u02d0\u02c8s\u028cu, kur-] (listen); Papiamento: K\u00f2rsou [\u02c8k\u0254rs\u0254u\u032f]) is a Lesser Antilles island country in the southern Caribbean Sea and the Dutch Caribbean region, about 65 km (40 mi) north of the Venezuelan coast. It is a constituent country (Dutch: land) of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Together with Aruba and Bonaire it forms the ABC islands. Collectively, Cura\u00e7ao and the other Dutch islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean.\nThe country was formerly part of the Cura\u00e7ao and Dependencies colony in 1815\u20131954 and later the Netherlands Antilles in 1954\u20132010, as \"Island Territory of Cura\u00e7ao\" (Dutch: Eilandgebied Cura\u00e7ao, Papiamento: Teritorio Insular di K\u00f2rsou) and is now formally called the Country of Cura\u00e7ao (Dutch: Land Cura\u00e7ao, Papiamento: Pais K\u00f2rsou). It includes the main island of Cura\u00e7ao and the much smaller, uninhabited island of Klein Cura\u00e7ao (\"Little Cura\u00e7ao\"). Cura\u00e7ao has a population of 158,665 (January 2019 est.) and an area of 444 km2 (171 sq mi); its capital is Willemstad.", "Q64543": "Wang Huning (Chinese: \u738b\u6caa\u5b81; born October 6, 1955) is a Chinese political theorist and one of the top leaders of the Communist Party of China, a current member of the party's Politburo Standing Committee (China's top decision-making body) and first-ranked secretary of the party's Secretariat. He served as secretary of the Secretariat between 2007 and 2012, and as the head of the Central Policy Research Office since 2002. He was named chairman of Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization in November 2017.\nWang is believed to have been one of the principal architects behind the official political ideologies of three paramount leaders: \"Three Represents\" by Jiang Zemin, the Scientific Development Concept by Hu Jintao, and the Chinese Dream and Xi Jinping Thought of Xi Jinping.", "Q956413": "Philip Julian Klass (November 8, 1919 \u2013 August 9, 2005) was an American journalist, and UFO researcher, known for his skepticism regarding UFOs. In the ufological and skeptical communities, Klass inspires polarized appraisals. He has been called the \"Sherlock Holmes of UFOlogy\". Klass demonstrated \"the crusader's zeal for what seems 'right,' regardless of whether it brings popular acclaim,\" a trait he claimed his father instilled in him. \"I've found,\" said Klass, \"that roughly 97, 98 percent of the people who report seeing UFOs are fundamentally intelligent, honest people who have seen something \u2014 usually at night, in darkness \u2014 that is unfamiliar, that they cannot explain.\" The rest, he said, were frauds.Longtime ufologist James W. Moseley illustrated the ambivalence many UFO researchers feel about Klass. On the one hand, Moseley argued that Klass was sincere in his motives and that his work ultimately benefited the field of Ufology. In his memoirs, Moseley contended that, when pressed, most leading ufologists would admit that Klass knew the subject and the people involved and was welcomed, or at least pleasantly tolerated, at UFO meetings. However, Moseley also wrote that he and Klass \"have had and continue to have intense doctrinal and factual disagreements, and there are things about Phil's 'style', like his attack on James E. McDonald, that I do not admire or agree with.\" In a 1999 interview, fellow debunker Gary Posner wrote that despite some recent health problems, the 80-year-old \"Klass's mind \u2014 and pen \u2014 remain razor sharp, to the delight of his grateful followers and to the constant vexation (or worse) of his legions of detractors.\"", "Q169089": "10 Items or Less is a 2006 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Brad Silberling and starring Morgan Freeman and Paz Vega. Shot in fifteen days, 10 Items or Less made its release as a digital download \u2013 the first such release via the Internet \u2013 while it was still in theaters.ClickStar, founded by Morgan Freeman and Lori McCreary, made the film available digitally on December 15, 2006, fourteen days after it made its theatrical debut. This event was highlighted by the American Film Institute in their AFI Awards 2006 \"Moments of Significance\".", "Q73759": "Erwin Planck (12 March 1893 \u2013 23 January 1945) was a German politician, and a resistance fighter against the Nazi regime.", "Q232035": "Francesca Caccini ([fran\u02c8t\u0283eska kat\u02c8t\u0283i\u02d0ni]; 18 September 1587 \u2013 after 1641) was an Italian composer, singer, lutenist, poet, and music teacher of the early Baroque era. She was also known by the nickname \"La Cecchina\" [la t\u0283ek\u02c8ki\u02d0na], given to her by the Florentines and probably a diminutive of \"Francesca\". She was the daughter of Giulio Caccini. Her only surviving stage work, La liberazione di Ruggiero, is widely considered the oldest opera by a woman composer.", "Q329401": "Paul Louis Marius Ricard (French pronunciation: \u200b[p\u0254l lwi ma\u0281jys \u0281ika\u0281]; July 9, 1909 \u2013 November 7, 1997) was a French industrialist and creator of an eponymous pastis brand which merged in 1975 with its competitor Pernod to create Pernod Ricard. Ricard was also an environmentalist and the developer of two Mediterranean islands, as well as the builder of the Circuit Paul Ricard in Le Castellet.", "Q91904": "Lida Gustava Heymann (15 March 1868 \u2013 31 July 1943) was a German feminist, pacifist and women's rights activist.\nTogether with her partner Anita Augspurg she was one of the most prominent figures in the bourgeois women's movement. She was, among other things, in the forefront of the Verband Fortschrittlicher Frauenvereine ((in German) \"Association of Women's Groups\").\nShe co-founded the abolitionist movement in Germany. In this role she came into conflict with the law as she protested about the treatment of prostitutes and called for the abolition of state regulation for them. Heymann wanted to \"help women free themselves from male domination.\" With her vast inheritance she established a women's centre, offering meals, a cr\u00e8che and counselling. She also founded a co-educational high school and professional associations for female clerks and theatre workers.\nIn 1902 she jointly founded (with Anita Augspurg) the first German Verein f\u00fcr Frauenstimmrecht ((in German) \"Society for Women's Suffrage\"). Together with Augspurg, she published the newspaper Frau im Staat ((in German) \"Women in the State\") from 1919 to 1933. This newspaper presented the pacifist, feminist and democratic positions on various subjects.\nIn 1923 Heymann and Augspurg called for the Austrian Adolf Hitler to be expelled from Germany. When Hitler seized power in 1933, both were out of the country; they did not return. Their property was confiscated and they settled in Switzerland. Heymann died in 1943 and was buried in Fluntern cemetery.\n\n", "Q272411": "Mozi (; Chinese: \u58a8\u5b50; pinyin: M\u00f2z\u01d0; Wade\u2013Giles: Mo Tzu ; Latinized as Micius ; c. 470 \u2013 c. 391 BC), original name Mo Di (\u58a8\u7fdf), was a Chinese philosopher who founded the school of Mohism during the Hundred Schools of Thought period (early portion of the Warring States period of c.475\u2013221 BC). Mozi contains material ascribed to him and his followers.\nMozi taught that everyone is equal in the eyes of heaven. He believed that those in power should be based on meritocracy, or those who are worthy of power should receive power. Mozi invokes heaven and calls on the Sage Kings to support his precedents.\nBorn in what is now Tengzhou, Shandong Province, he founded the school of Mohism that argued strongly against Confucianism and Taoism. His philosophy emphasized universal love, social order, the will of heaven, sharing, and honoring the worthy. During the Warring States period, Mohism was actively developed and practiced in many states but fell out of favour when the legalist Qin dynasty came to power in 221 BC. During that period, many Mohist classics are by many believed to have been ruined when the emperor Qin Shi Huang supposedly carried out the burning of books and burying of scholars. The importance of Mohism further declined when Confucianism became the dominant school of thought during the Han Dynasty, until mostly disappearing by the middle of the Western Han dynasty.Mozi is referenced in the Thousand Character Classic, which records that he was saddened when he saw dyeing of pure white silk, which embodied his conception of austerity (simplicity, chastity).\nThe concept of Ai (\u611b) was developed by the Chinese philosopher Mozi in the 4th century BC in reaction to Confucianism's benevolent love. Mozi tried to replace what he considered to be the long-entrenched Chinese over-attachment to family and clan structures with the concept of \"universal love\" (ji\u0101n'\u00e0i, \u517c\u611b). In this, he argued directly against Confucians who believed that it was natural and correct for people to care about different people in different degrees. Mozi, by contrast, believed people in principle should care for all people equally. Mohism stressed that rather than adopting different attitudes towards different people, love should be unconditional and offered to everyone without regard to reciprocation, not just to friends, family and other Confucian relations. Later in Chinese Buddhism, the term Ai (\u611b) was adopted to refer to a passionate caring love and was considered a fundamental desire. In Buddhism, Ai was seen as capable of being either selfish or selfless, the latter being a key element towards enlightenment.", "Q6593": "Vannes (French pronunciation: \u200b[van]; Breton: Gwened) is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany in north-western France. It was founded over 2,000 years ago.\n\n", "Q99380": "Adolf Hofer (17 August 1868 in Pleinlauken, East Prussia \u2013 3 September 1935 in Berlin) was a Prussian Junker and a Social democratic politician.", "Q478401": "Bruno Nicolai (20 May 1926 in Rome \u2013 16 August 1991 in Rome) was an Italian film music composer, orchestra director and musical editor most active in the 1960s through the 1980s.While studying piano and composition at the Santa Cecilia Conservatory in Rome, he befriended Ennio Morricone and formed a long working relationship, with Nicolai eventually conducting for and co-scoring films with Morricone. Nicolai also scored a number of giallo exploitation films and wrote many scores for director Jess Franco.\nHis work was featured in the Quentin Tarantino films Kill Bill: Volume 2 and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood.", "Q659463": "Tommy Clufetos (born December 30, 1979) is an American session drummer most noted for his work with Black Sabbath during their Black Sabbath Reunion Tour, which highlighted their new album 13. He also toured with them on their final tour. He is also the drummer for Black Sabbath vocalist Ozzy Osbourne.", "Q919462": "Benjamin Darvill (born January 4, 1967), known by his stage name Son of Dave, is a Canadian musician and singer\u2013songwriter, based in the United Kingdom. He was a member of Grammy award-nominated folk rock band Crash Test Dummies in which he played harmonica, mandolin, guitar and percussion before returning to his blues, Beat-Box and harmonica driven solo work in 2000.SOD was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He was inspired to learn the harmonica after hearing James Cotton and Sonny Terry play at the Winnipeg Folk Festival.He moved to London, England, in 1998 and has remained there since. Son of Dave has recorded six albums to date and performed over eight hundred shows across Europe, as well as performing in Canada, the United States, Australia, South Africa, Uganda, Japan, Russia, and Cuba.\nSon of Dave appeared on BBC television's Later...with Jools Holland in 2005, performing the song \"Hellhound\" before recording the song a few years later on the album \"03\".\nHis 2003 album 02 has been described as a mix of \"cotton-pickin\u2019 blues, vocalising beat-box, hard-breathing folk, steamy funk and even modern R&B\".A song from 02, \"Devil Take My Soul\", which features chorus vocal by Martina Topley-Bird, was featured in the Warner Bros film License to Wed, starring Robin Williams.\nIn 2010 the track \"Shake A Bone\" from the album of the same title, recorded by Steve Albini was featured on season 3 episode 11 of Breaking Bad.\nIn 2010, Son of Dave and his song \"Revolution Town\" were featured in a commercial for the search engine Bing. The commercial, using a first-person perspective, shows Son of Dave using Bing and his Windows-enabled phone to travel to his own concert at the Someday Lounge in Portland, OR.\nIn 2016 the track \"Voodoo Doll\" from the album Shake A Bone was featured as the last song in the first episode of Preacher, an AMC series based on the comic book of the same title.", "Q235982": "Fran\u00e7oise Paulette Louise Dorl\u00e9ac (21 March 1942 \u2013 26 June 1967) was a French actress and model. She was the elder sister of Catherine Deneuve, with whom she starred in the 1967 musical, The Young Girls of Rochefort. Her other films include Philippe de Broca's movie L'homme de Rio, Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut's La peau douce, Roman Polanski's Cul-de-sac and Val Guest's Where the Spies Are.", "Q2839781": "Alphonse Desjardins, PC (6 May 1841 \u2013 4 June 1912) was born in Terrebonne, Quebec and was mayor of Montreal from 1893 to 1894 and later a Canadian cabinet minister. He married Virginie Par\u00e9 in 1864 and remarried Hortense Barsalou in 1880.\nHe was a lawyer, journalist, businessman and politician. He owned a tile factory and participated in the founding of the Banque Jacques-Cartier, which later became part of the National Bank of Canada. He represented the riding of Hochelaga in the House of Commons for 18 years, serving as a cabinet minister and Minister of Militia and Defence for a few months at the end of the Mackenzie Bowell government and then the short-lived Tupper government in 1896. He was named a senator in 1892. He became mayor of Montreal from 1893\u20131894. For a time he held all three posts (member of the House of Commons, Senator, mayor) simultaneously.\nIn 1872, he was created a Knight of the Order of Pius IX in acknowledgment of his services to the Catholic Church.", "Q369025": "Jacques Besson (1540? - 1573) was a French Protestant inventor, mathematician, and philosopher, chiefly remembered for his popular treatise on machines Theatrum Instrumentorum (1571\u201372), which saw many reprints in different languages.\n\n", "Q309909": "Childeric II (c. 653 \u2013 675) was the king of Austrasia from 662 and of Neustria and Burgundy from 673 until his death, making him sole King of the Franks for the final two years of his life.\nChilderic was the second eldest son of King Clovis II and grandson of King Dagobert I and Queen Nanthild. His mother was Saint Balthild and his elder brother was Chlothar III, who was briefly sole king from 661, but gave Austrasia to Childeric the next year. He was still a mere child when he was raised on the shields of his warriors and proclaimed king in Austrasia.After the death of Chlothar in 673, Theuderic III, his youngest brother, inherited his kingdoms, but a faction of prominent Burgundian nobles led by Saint Leodegar and Adalrich invited Childeric to become king in Neustria and Burgundy. He soon invaded his brother's kingdom and displaced him, becoming sole king. He made his Austrasian Mayor of the Palace, Wulfoald, mayor also in Neustria and Burgundy, displacing Ebroin of Neustria and upsetting his supporters in Burgundy who did not wish to see functionaries active in a kingdom other than their native one. In March 675, Childeric had granted honores in Alsace to Adalrich with the title of dux. This grant was most probably the result of Adalrich's continued support for Childeric in Burgundy, which had often disputed possession of Alsace with Austrasia.\nThe final straw for the magnates of Neustria, however, was Childeric's illegal corporal punishment of the nobleman named Bodilo. Bodilo and his friends Amalbert and Ingobert conspired to assassinate the king, who was killed, along with his wife, Bilichild, and his five-year-old son, Dagobert, while hunting in the forest of Livry (present-day Lognes). He was buried in Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s, near Paris, where the tombs of him, Bilichild, and his young son Dagobert were discovered in 1645; the contents of which were pilfered.\nChilderic married his cousin Bilichild. Besides the aforementioned Dagobert, she bore him the future king Chilperic II.", "Q230622": "Estelle Fanta Swaray (born 18 January 1980) is a British singer, songwriter, rapper, record producer, and actress from Hammersmith, West London, England. Estelle is known for her eclectic mix of various musical genres including R&B, soul, reggae, grime, hip hop and dance. She has experienced mainstream success with the single \"American Boy\" featuring Kanye West, reaching number 1 in the United Kingdom, and her collaboration with David Guetta in \"One Love\".\nEstelle has released several critically acclaimed records and received a Grammy Award. She has collaborated with artists including John Legend, Robin Thicke, Rick Ross, Chris Brown, will.i.am, Kanye West and De La Soul. From 2013-2020, she voiced the fictional character Garnet in the animated TV series Steven Universe and Steven Universe Future, providing both the character's speaking voice and singing vocals.\n\n", "Q442951": "Patricia Castle Richardson (born February 23, 1951) is an American actress best known for her portrayal of Jill Taylor on the sitcom Home Improvement, for which she was nominated four times for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and two times for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Television Series \u2013 Comedy or Musical.Richardson also received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for her performance in Ulee's Gold (1997).", "Q1367219": "Martin Glover (born 27 December 1960), known by his stage name Youth, is an English record producer and a founding member and bassist of Killing Joke. He is a member of the Fireman, along with Paul McCartney.", "Q463747": "Lise N\u00f8rgaard (n\u00e9e Elise Jensen; born 14 June 1917) is a Danish journalist and writer known for her precise and often humorous portrayals of Danish cultural life. N\u00f8rgaard has written novels, compilations of essays and short stories. The memoir of her childhood, Kun en pige (Only a girl), became a bestseller in 1992 and is considered her masterpiece. The work was made into a feature film in 1995.", "Q313789": "Robert \"Bob\" Picardo (born October 27, 1953) is an American actor. He is known for his portrayals of Dr. Dick Richards on ABC's China Beach; the Emergency Medical Hologram (EMH), also known as The Doctor on Star Trek: Voyager; the Cowboy in Innerspace, Coach Cutlip on The Wonder Years (where he received an Emmy nomination); Ben Wheeler in Wagons East; and as Richard Woolsey in the Stargate television franchise. Picardo is also a member of the Board of Directors of The Planetary Society.", "Q700264": "The Province of Brandenburg (German: Provinz Brandenburg) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1945. Brandenburg was established in 1815 from the Kingdom of Prussia's core territory, comprised the bulk of the historic Margraviate of Brandenburg (excluding Altmark) and the Lower Lusatia region, and became part of the German Empire in 1871. From 1918, Brandenburg was a province of the Free State of Prussia until it was dissolved in 1945 after World War II, and replaced with reduced territory as the State of Brandenburg in East Germany, which was later dissolved in 1952. Following the reunification of Germany in 1990, Brandenburg was re-established as a federal state of Germany, becoming one of the new states. \nBrandenburg's provincial capital alternated between Potsdam, Berlin, and Charlottenburg during its existence.", "Q547183": "Richard Tandy (born 26 March 1948) is an English musician, best known as the keyboardist in the rock band Electric Light Orchestra (\"ELO\"). His palette of keyboards (including Minimoog, Clavinet, Mellotron, and piano) was an important ingredient in the group's sound, notably on the albums A New World Record, Out of the Blue, Discovery, and Time. Tandy was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 7 April 2017 as a member of Electric Light Orchestra.", "Q915258": "Not to be confused with the Anglo-Irish playwright and social thinker George Bernard Shaw.George Bullen Shaw (March 12, 1854 \u2013 August 27, 1894) was a lumberman and U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.", "Q3993327": "Tony Wheeler (born 20 December 1946) , is an English publishing entrepreneur, businessman and travel writer, co-founder of the Lonely Planet guidebook company with his wife Maureen Wheeler.\nBorn in England, his father worked for the British Overseas Airways Corporation as an airport manager, so he grew up in Pakistan, the Bahamas, Canada, the United States and England, never spending as much as two years in the same school.Wheeler holds an engineering degree from Warwick University and an MBA from London Business School. He was a former engineer at the Chrysler corporation. \nAfter travelling across Europe with Maureen Wheeler, they arrived in Melbourne in 1972 and put out their first book, Across Asia on the Cheap in 1973. This would grow into the Lonely Planet empire, a name derived from a misheard Joe Cocker song (the lyric was, in fact, \"Lovely Planet\"). They married and had two children, Tashi and Kieran.In 1980, the publication of a guidebook to India effectively doubled the size of the company.BBC Worldwide bought 75 percent of their share of the company in 2007 and their remaining 25 percent in February 2011, bringing the couple's net worth to $190 million.His books since Lonely Planet include Bad Lands and Unlikely Destinations.In the 2014 Queen's Birthday Honours List, Wheeler and Maureen were both appointed as Officers of the Order of Australia (AO), each for \"distinguished service to business and commerce as a publisher of travel guides, and as a benefactor to a range of Australian arts and aid organisations\". When interviewed on ABC TV \"One Plus One\" on 22 Jun 19 Wheeler said he has a home in England and Melbourne.", "Q216183": "Axel C\u00e4sar Springer (2 May 1912 \u2013 22 September 1985) was a German journalist and the founder and owner of the Axel Springer SE publishing company.\n\n", "Q124189": "Katalin Annam\u00e1ria Bogyay (born 20 August 1956) is a Hungarian diplomat, currently serving as the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and Permanent Representative of Hungary to the United Nations in New York since 1 January 2015-. She is the former Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and Permanent Delegate of Hungary to UNESCO (2009\u20132014) and the President of the 36th session of UNESCO General Conference (2011\u20132013).\n\n", "Q654147": "All That Remains is an American heavy metal band from Springfield, Massachusetts, formed in 1998. They have released nine studio albums, a live CD and DVD, and have sold over a million records worldwide. The group currently consists of vocalist Philip Labonte, rhythm guitarist Mike Martin, former Diecast drummer Jason Costa, bassist Aaron Patrick, and lead guitarist Jason Richardson, with Labonte being the last remaining original member. In spite of this, the band's line-up had remained consistent from the release of 2008's Overcome until 2015's The Order of Things, spanning four albums. This line-up changed, however, in September 2015, when long-time bassist Jeanne Sagan left the band, with Patrick taking her place and then again on February 5, 2019, when the band confirmed that Jason Richardson would be joining the band to replace the deceased lead guitarist and original member, Oli Herbert.", "Q236253": "Lucy Kate Jackson (born October 29, 1948) is an American actress, director, and producer, known for her television roles as Sabrina Duncan in the series Charlie's Angels (1976\u201379) and Amanda King in the series Scarecrow and Mrs. King (1983\u201387). Her film roles include Making Love (1982) and Loverboy (1989). She is a three-time Emmy Award nominee and four-time Golden Globe Award nominee.\nJackson began her career in the late 1960s in summer stock, before landing her first major television roles in Dark Shadows (1970\u201371) and The Rookies (1972\u201376). She also appeared in the film Night of Dark Shadows (1971). The huge success of her role as Sabrina Duncan on Charlie's Angels saw her appear on the front cover of Time magazine, alongside co-stars Farrah Fawcett and Jaclyn Smith, while her role as Mrs. King won her Germany's Bravo Golden Otto Award for Best Female TV Star three times (1986\u201388). She then continued to star in numerous TV movies, including Quiet Killer (1992), Empty Cradle (1993) and Satan's School for Girls (2000), a remake of the 1973 TV movie of the same name in which she also starred.", "Q374712": "John Ross Browne (February 11, 1821 in Beggars Bush, Dublin, Ireland \u2013 December 9, 1875 in Oakland, California), often called J. Ross Browne, date of birth sometimes given as 1817, was an Irish-born American traveler, artist, writer and government agent.", "Q4293552": "Roger Milliken (October 24, 1915 \u2013 December 30, 2010) was an American textile heir, industrialist, businessman, and political activist. He served as President and then CEO of his family's company, Milliken & Company, from 1947 until 2005. He continued to serve as Chairman of the Board until his death in 2010. Milliken is known as a political godfather to the American conservative movement.", "Q1150419": "The National University of Colombia (Spanish: Universidad Nacional de Colombia) is a public and national research university in Colombia, with general campuses in Bogot\u00e1, Medell\u00edn, Manizales and Palmira, and satellite campuses in Leticia, San Andr\u00e9s (island), Arauca, Tumaco and La Paz, Cesar. It was established in 1867 by an act of the Congress of Colombia, and, as of 2017, was one of the largest universities in the country with more than 53,000 students. It grants many academic degrees and offers 450 academic programmes, including 95 undergraduate degrees, 83 academic specializations, 40 medical specialties, 167 master's degrees, and 65 doctorates. Approximately 44,000 students are enrolled for an undergraduate degree and 10,000 for a postgraduate degree. It is also one of the few universities that employs post-doctorate fellows in the country.\nThe university is a member of the Association of Colombian Universities (ASCUN), the Iberoamerican Association of Postgraduate Universities (AUIP), and the Iberoamerican University Network Universia. Along with Antioquia and Valle universities, it is part of what is known as the Golden Triangle of higher education in Colombia, being among the most selective and competitive universities in the country. The SCImago Institutions Rankings Iber by SCImago Research Group found that the National University of Colombia produced the largest number of scientific papers published in peer-refereed publications in the country, and was the 17th (14th in 2018) most prolific in Latin America. Furthermore, according to the Latin-American Web Ranking of Universities, the National University of Colombia ranks first place in internet presence in the country. It is also among the first universities in the region. Among the universities of CIVETS countries, the National University occupied second place.The institution offers a wide selection of programmes in both undergraduate and graduate levels, such as medicine, nursing, dentistry, engineering, chemistry, pharmacy, mathematics, physics, geology, biology, psychology, social sciences, arts (music, fine arts), languages, philosophy, and law. It was the first university in Colombia to open a computer science program.", "Q1796771": "K\u00f6then (Anhalt) ([\u02c8k\u00f8\u02d0tn\u0329] (listen)) is a city in Germany. It is the capital of the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld in Saxony-Anhalt, about 30 km (19 mi) north of Halle.\nK\u00f6then is the location of the main campus and the administrative centre of the regional university, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences/Hochschule Anhalt which is especially strong in information technology. The city is conveniently located at the hub of the Magdeburg\u2013Leipzig, Dessau\u2013K\u00f6then and K\u00f6then\u2013Aschersleben railways.\nK\u00f6then is situated in a fertile area with rich black soil suitable to the cultivation of sugar-beets. Industry includes high-tech engineering, manufacture of cranes, as well as chemicals, printing, and foodstuffs.\nIn English, German place-name is often spelt anachronistically as C\u00f6then, a practice that has become standard in the literature relating to the life and work of Johann Sebastian Bach, who resided and worked there from 1717 to 1723.", "Q191054": "The 15th arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille.", "Q230636": "Geraldine Leigh Chaplin (born July 31, 1944) is an English-American actress. She is the daughter of Charlie Chaplin, the first of eight children with fourth wife Oona O'Neill. After beginnings in dance and modeling, she turned her attention to acting, and made her English-language acting debut (and came to prominence in what would be a Golden Globe-nominated role) in her portrayal of Tonya in David Lean's Doctor Zhivago (1965). She made her Broadway acting debut in Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes in 1967, and received her second Golden Globe nomination for Robert Altman's Nashville (1975). She received a BAFTA nomination for her role in Welcome to L.A. (1976). She played her grandmother Hannah Chaplin in the biopic, Chaplin (1992) for which she received her third Golden Globe nomination.\nChaplin has appeared in a wide variety of critically recognised Spanish and French films. She starred in Les Uns et les Autres (1981), Life Is a Bed of Roses (1983) and the Jacques Rivette experimental films Noro\u00eet (1976) and Love on the Ground (1984). She enjoyed her greatest critical success collaborating with her long time life partner, director Carlos Saura, starring in his films Ana and the Wolves (1973), Cr\u00eda Cuervos (1976), Elisa, vida m\u00eda (1977), and Mam\u00e1 cumple cien a\u00f1os (1979). She was awarded a Goya Award for her role in En la ciudad sin l\u00edmites (2002), and was nominated again for The Orphanage (2007). Her contribution to Spanish cinema culminated in her being awarded the Gold medal by the Spanish Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences in 2006. In 2018, she starred in Red Land (Rosso Istria), Italian movie by Maximiliano Hernando Bruno based on Norma Cossetto and the foibe massacres.", "Q1979193": "Aleksandr Nikolayevich Tkachov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0451\u0432) (born 23 December 1960) is a Russian politician who has served as Minister of Agriculture of Russia in Dmitry Medvedev's Cabinet from April 2015 to May 2018. Previously he was Governor of Krasnodar Krai in the southern European part of Russia from 2001 to 2015.", "Q144669": "Ruth Alston Brown (n\u00e9e Weston, January 12, 1928 \u2013 November 17, 2006) was an American singer-songwriter and actress, sometimes known as the \"Queen of R&B\". She was noted for bringing a pop music style to R&B music in a series of hit songs for Atlantic Records in the 1950s, such as \"So Long\", \"Teardrops from My Eyes\" and \"(Mama) He Treats Your Daughter Mean\". For these contributions, Atlantic became known as \"the house that Ruth built\" (alluding to the popular nickname for the old Yankee Stadium).Following a resurgence that began in the mid-1970s and peaked in the 1980s, Brown used her influence to press for musicians' rights regarding royalties and contracts; these efforts led to the founding of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. Her performances in the Broadway musical Black and Blue earned Brown a Tony Award, and the original cast recording won a Grammy Award. Brown was a recipient of the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2016. In 2017, Brown was inducted into National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame.", "Q66426": "Wolfgang Hilbig (31 August 1941, Meuselwitz, Lk.ABG, Th.\u20132 June 2007, Berlin) was a German author and poet. \nHe was a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (GDR, German: DDR).", "Q885893": "Major General Harold Robert Parfitt (August 6, 1921 \u2013 May 21, 2006), was Governor of the Panama Canal Zone from 1975 to 1979.\n\n", "Q61349": "Johann Balthasar Neumann (listen ; 27 January 1687 (?)\u2013 19 August 1753), usually known as Balthasar Neumann, was a German architect and military artillery engineer who developed a refined brand of Baroque architecture, fusing Austrian, Bohemian, Italian, and French elements to design some of the most impressive buildings of the period, including the W\u00fcrzburg Residence and the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers (called Vierzehnheiligen in German).\nThe W\u00fcrzburg Residence is considered one of the most beautiful and well proportioned palaces in Europe and the Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers is considered by some as the crowning work of the period.", "Q920": "Hendrik Jan Marsman (14 January 1937 \u2013 29 October 2012), better known by his pen name, J. Bernlef, was a Dutch writer, poet, novelist and translator, much of whose work centres on mental perception of reality and its expression. He won numerous literary awards, including the Constantijn Huygens Prize in 1984 and the P. C. Hooft Award in 1994, both of which were for his work as a whole. His book Hersenschimmen features on the list of NRC's Best Dutch novels.", "Q1317932": "Negima!? (\u30cd\u30ae\u307e!?) is an anime television series created by Shaft. It is an alternate retelling of the Negima! Magister Negi Magi series. Directed by Akiyuki Shinbo, it aired from October 4, 2006 to March 28, 2007 in Japan. The anime was accompanied by a monthly manga series by Takuya Fujima called Negima!? neo. Both series feature the same characters and locations. This new season aired on TV Tokyo's late afternoon time slot rather than on late nights, like the original anime series did.", "Q1351967": "Erich Binder (born december 1947 in Vienna) is an Austrian violinist, pianist and conductor.", "Q312483": "Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Tikhonov (Russian: \u0412\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0438\u0301\u0445\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432; 8 February 1928, in Pavlovsky Posad \u2013 4 December 2009, in Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian actor whose best known role was as Soviet spy, Stierlitz in the television series Seventeen Moments of Spring. He was a recipient of numerous state awards, including the titles of People's Artist of the USSR (1974) and Hero of Socialist Labour (1982).", "Q40387": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda de Oriol y Urquijo, 3rd Marquis of Casa Oriol (1905\u20131985) was a Spanish entrepreneur and a Carlist and Francoist politician. During early Francoism a mayor of Bilbao, he is known mostly for his business activity, especially for his role in the Spanish energy industry, TALGO train development and the banking sector. He is counted among the most influential Spanish business managers of the 20th century.", "Q206384": "Joseph Addison (1 May 1672 \u2013 17 June 1719) was an English essayist, poet, playwright and politician. He was the eldest son of The Reverend Lancelot Addison. His name is usually remembered alongside that of his long-standing friend Richard Steele, with whom he founded The Spectator magazine. His simple prose style marked the end of the mannerisms and conventional classical images of the 17th century.", "Q757328": "Atle Jonas Hammer (11 March 1932 \u2013 22 October 2017) was a Norwegian engineer and jazz musician (trumpet, Flugelhorn), central on the jazz scene in Oslo and known from several international cooperation.", "Q191040": "Mr. & Mrs. Smith is a 2005 American action comedy film directed by Doug Liman and written by Simon Kinberg. The film stars Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie as a bored upper middle class married couple surprised to learn that they are assassins belonging to competing agencies, and that they have been assigned to kill each other.\nBesides being a box office hit, Mr. & Mrs. Smith also established Pitt and Jolie's relationship.", "Q67738": "Coldrerio is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q160907": "Pope Boniface I (Latin: Bonifatius I) was the bishop of Rome from 28 December 418 to his death on 4 September 422. His election was disputed by the supporters of Eulalius, until the dispute was settled by the Emperor. Boniface was active maintaining church discipline and he restored certain privileges to the metropolitical sees of Narbonne and Vienne, exempting them from any subjection to the primacy of Arles. He was a contemporary of Augustine of Hippo, who dedicated to him some of his works.", "Q118664": "Christoph Sauer (1695 \u2013 September 25, 1758) was the first German-language printer and publisher in North America.\nJohann Christoph Sauer was born in 1695 in Ladenburg (near Heidelberg), the son of a Reformed pastor. He came to the County (Graftschaft) of Wittgenstein in central Germany as a child with his widowed mother some time between 1700\u20131710. He was a graduate of a German university, and studied medicine at the University of Halle. At the time, its rulers were tolerant of a variety of Pietists and other religious dissenters, most notably Alexander Mack, who would later found the Church of the Brethren in the United States. He married the widowed Maria Christina (born Gruber) in 1720. The family lived in the village of Schwarzenau, which now belongs to the town of Berleburg though had ties to Laasphe as well.", "Q384387": "Ott\u00f3 Titusz Bl\u00e1thy (11 August 1860 \u2013 26 September 1939) was a Hungarian electrical engineer. In his career, he became the co-inventor of the modern electric transformer, the tension regulator, the AC watt-hour meter.motor capacitor for the single-phase (AC) electric motor, the turbo generator, and the high-efficiency turbo generator.Bl\u00e1thy's career as an inventor began during his time at the Ganz Works in 1883. There, he conducted experiments for creating a transformer. The name \"transformer\" was created by Bl\u00e1thy. In 1885 the ZBD model alternating-current transformer was invented by three Hungarian engineers: Ott\u00f3 Bl\u00e1thy, Miksa D\u00e9ri and K\u00e1roly Zipernowsky. (ZBD comes from the initials of their names). In the autumn of 1889 he patented the AC watt-meter.", "Q370560": "David Van Cortlandt Crosby (born August 14, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. In addition to his solo career, he was a founding member of both the Byrds and Crosby, Stills & Nash.\nCrosby joined the Byrds in 1964. The band gave Bob Dylan his first number one hit in April 1965 with \"Mr. Tambourine Man.\" Crosby appeared on the Byrds' first five albums, and produced the original lineup's 1973 reunion album. In 1967 he joined Buffalo Springfield on stage at the Monterey Pop Festival, which contributed to his dismissal from the Byrds. He subsequently formed Crosby, Stills & Nash in 1968 with Stephen Stills (of Buffalo Springfield) and Graham Nash of the Hollies. After the release of their debut album CSN won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist of 1969. Neil Young joined the group for live appearances, their second concert being Woodstock, before recording their second album D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu. Meant to be a group that could collaborate freely, Crosby and Nash recorded three gold albums in the 1970s, while the core trio of CSN remained active from 1976 until 2016. CSNY reunions took place in each decade from the 1970s through the 2000s.\nSongs Crosby wrote or co-wrote include \"Lady Friend\", \"Why\", and \"Eight Miles High\" with the Byrds and \"Guinnevere\", \"Wooden Ships\", \"Shadow Captain\", and \"In My Dreams\" with Crosby, Stills & Nash. He wrote \"Almost Cut My Hair\" and the title track \"D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\" for Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young's 1970 album. He is known for his use of alternate guitar tunings and jazz influences. He has released six solo albums, five of which have charted. Additionally he formed a jazz influenced trio with his son James Raymond and guitarist Jeff Pevar in CPR. Crosby's work with the Byrds and CSN(Y) has sold over 35 million albums.Crosby has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice: once for his work in the Byrds and again for his work with CSN. Five albums he contributed to are included in Rolling Stone's The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, three with the Byrds and two with CSN(Y). He is outspoken politically and has been depicted as emblematic of the 1960s' counterculture.Crosby is the subject of the 2019 documentary David Crosby: Remember My Name which was produced by Cameron Crowe.", "Q5436922": "Fast Folk Musical Magazine (originally known as The CooP), was a combination magazine and record album published from February 1982 to 1997. The magazine acted as a songwriter/performer cooperative, and was an outlet for singer-songwriters to release their first recordings.", "Q62898": "Alfred Vaino Aho (born August 9, 1941) is a Canadian computer scientist best known for his work on programming languages, compilers, and related algorithms, and his textbooks on the art and science of computer programming.\n\n", "Q484876": "A chief executive officer (CEO), or just chief executive (CE), is the most senior corporate, executive, or administrative officer in charge of managing an organization \u2013 especially an independent legal entity such as a company or nonprofit institution. CEOs lead a range of organizations, including public and private corporations, non-profit organizations and even some government organizations (notably Crown corporations). The CEO of a corporation or company typically reports to the board of directors and is charged with maximizing the value of the entity, which may include maximizing the share price, market share, revenues or another element. In the non-profit and government sector, CEOs typically aim at achieving outcomes related to the organization's mission, such as reducing poverty, increasing literacy, etc.\nIn the early 21st century, top executives typically had technical degrees in science, management, engineering or law.\n\n", "Q116891": "Lukas Reimann (born 18 September 1982) is a conservative Swiss politician. Reimann is a member of the Swiss People's Party (SVP) and a National Council. He resides in Wil in the Canton St. Gallen. In 2004, at the age of 21 years, he was elected to the Council of States (Kantonsrat) for the Canton of St. Gallen. At the 2007 federal elections, he was elected to the National Council, and at the age of 25, he was at the time the youngest MP in the federal parliament. A fluent speaker of English, Reimann stood out early for fighting for a citizen's initiative with the aim to prohibit minarets in Switzerland. Reimann himself rates his own positions as radical-libertarian.\nRaimann became the president of the Campaign for an Independent and Neutral Switzerland in April 2014, after the last president, Pirmin Schwander stepped down for health reasons.In 2016, Reimann submitted a motion that would have withdrawn Switzerland's application for EU membership that was suspended in 1992. In March 2016, the National Council accepted Reimann's motion and voted to withdraw the application. The motion was passed by the Council of States and then by the Federal Council in June.", "Q606173": "Gregory Ignatius Zhatkovich (Rusyn: \u0490\u0440\u0456\u0491\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0416\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0447,Hungarian: Zsatkovics Gergely) (December 2, 1886 \u2013 March 26, 1967) was an American lawyer and political activist for Rusyns in the United States and Europe.\nHe was the first governor of Carpathian Ruthenia, the Rusyn autonomous province of Czechoslovakia and the only American who was a governor of any territory that was or became part of the Soviet Union.", "Q109769": "Eberhard Friedrich Michael Rees (April 28, 1908 \u2013 April 2, 1998) was a German-American (by becoming a naturalized citizen of the United States) rocketry pioneer and the second director of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.", "Q350868": "Georges Jean Marie Darrieus (24 September 1888 \u2013 15 July 1979) was a French aeronautical engineer in the 20th century. He is perhaps most famous for his invention of the Darrieus rotor, a wind turbine capable of operating from any direction and under adverse weather conditions, and the vertical-axis giromill.\nThe invention is described in the 1931 US patent 1,835,018", "Q714205": "Gregorio Jes\u00fas Gil y Gil (12 March 1933 \u2013 14 May 2004) was a Spanish businessman and politician. He served as Mayor of Marbella between 1991 and 2002, and presided for a 16-year tenure as president of the Spanish football club Atl\u00e9tico Madrid.\n\n", "Q265179": "Rita Lee (born Rita Lee Jones, December 31, 1947) is a Brazilian rock singer, composer and writer. She is a former member of the Brazilian band Os Mutantes and is a popular figure in Brazilian entertainment, where she is also known for being an animal rights activist and a vegan. She has sold more than 60 million albums worldwide. Her autobiography Rita Lee: Uma Autobiografia was the best-selling non-fiction book of 2017 in Brazil.", "Q7841": "Alfred Jarry (French: [al.f\u0281\u025bd \u0292a.\u0281i]; 8 September 1873 \u2013 1 November 1907) was a French symbolist writer who is best known for his play Ubu Roi (1896), a pataphysical work which depicts the bourgeoisie as the super-mediocre. He coined the term and philosophical concept of pataphysics, which uses absurd irony to portray symbolic truths (and playfully vice versa).Jarry was born in Laval, Mayenne, France, and his mother was from Brittany. He was associated with the Symbolist movement. His play Ubu Roi is often cited as a forerunner of Dada and the Surrealist and Futurist movements of the 1920s and 1930s. He wrote in a variety of hybrid genres and styles, prefiguring the postmodern, including novels, poems, short plays and op\u00e9ras bouffes, absurdist essays and speculative journalism. His texts are considered examples of absurdist literature and postmodern philosophy.\n\n", "Q7971641": "Washington & Jefferson College (W&J College or W&J) is a private liberal arts college in Washington, Pennsylvania. The college traces its origin to three log cabin colleges in Washington County established by three Presbyterian missionaries to the American frontier in the 1780s: John McMillan, Thaddeus Dod, and Joseph Smith. These early schools eventually grew into two competing academies, with Jefferson College located in Canonsburg and Washington College located in Washington. The two colleges merged in 1865 to form Washington & Jefferson College. The 60 acre (0.2 km2) campus has more than 40 buildings, with the oldest dating to 1793.\nThe college's academic emphasis is on the liberal arts and the sciences, with a focus on preparing students for graduate and professional schools. Campus activities include various religious, political, and general interest clubs, as well as academic and professional-themed organizations. The college has a strong history of competing literary societies, dating back before the union of Jefferson and Washington Colleges. Students operate a college radio station, a campus newspaper, and a literary journal. The athletic program competes in NCAA Division III. The football team has been particularly successful over its history, even competing in the 1922 Rose Bowl. A large majority of students participate in intramural athletics. Nearly all students live on campus and roughly one third are members of fraternities or sororities. A number of noteworthy alumni have attended the college or its predecessor institutions, including James G. Blaine, William Holmes McGuffey, Joseph Ruggles Wilson, who was the father of President Woodrow Wilson, and Pete Henry.", "Q1322751": "The Brazilian Democratic Movement (Portuguese: Movimento Democr\u00e1tico Brasileiro, MDB) is a Brazilian centrist political party.", "Q89187": "Harry Halm (1901\u20131980) was a German film actor.\nHe was the son of director Alfred Halm and took acting lessons with Eduard von Winterstein and Hermann Vallentin. He began his stage career in 1919 at the Schauspielhaus in Potsdam.", "Q421206": "Zou Taofen (Chinese: \u90b9\u97ec\u594b; Wade\u2013Giles: Tsou T'ao-fen; November 5, 1895 \u2013 July 24, 1944) was a Chinese journalist, media entrepreneur, and political activist. Zou was known for developing Shenghuo Zhoukan (Life Magazine) into a pioneering journal of political reporting and social commentary, and for his participation in the National Salvation Movement that mobilized opposition to the Nationalist Government and demanded stronger resistance to Japan's expansion. He was one of the so-called \"Seven Gentlemen\" who were arrested in 1936 and then freed in July 1937 on the eve of the Second Sino-Japanese War. During the war Zou worked in Communist held areas. He died in Shanghai, July 1944, and was granted posthumous Chinese Communist Party membership in September of that year.", "Q320431": "Scorched is a 2003 independent criminal comedy film directed by Gavin Grazer, starring Alicia Silverstone, Rachael Leigh Cook, Woody Harrelson and John Cleese. Scorched follows the story of several disgruntled bank employees who all try to rob the same bank on the same night without knowing that others are doing exactly the same thing.\nThe film had a very poor financial performance at the box office. From the initial budget of US $7 million, Scorched earned back only $8,000 at the end of its theatrical run. It was pulled from its theatrical run after just one weekend in the theaters where it managed to earn a meager $666 per theater.", "Q262170": "Amy Louise Sedaris (; born March 29, 1961) is an American actress, comedian, and writer. She is the creator and star of her show At Home with Amy Sedaris on truTV, in which she plays various characters and focuses on her love of crafts.She voices the character Princess Carolyn in the Netflix animated series BoJack Horseman. Her breakout role was Jerri Blank in the Comedy Central television series Strangers with Candy.", "Q65649": "Courtelary is a municipality of the French-speaking Bernese Jura, in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. The town is the capital of the Jura bernois administrative district.\n\n", "Q1191537": "V2 Records (or V2 Music; V2 being an abbreviation for Virgin 2) is a record label that was purchased by Universal Music Group in 2007 and sold to [PIAS] in 2013.Moby's American catalogue is now controlled by his own record label, Little Idiot (with distribution held by Fontana Distribution and Because Music), meanwhile, the international rights belong to BMG Rights Management.", "Q366464": "Louis Jacques Napol\u00e9on Bertrand, better known by his pen name Aloysius Bertrand (20 April 1807 \u2014 29 April 1841), was a French Romantic poet, playwright and journalist. He is famous for having introduced prose poetry in French literature, and is considered a forerunner of the Symbolist movement. His masterpiece is the collection of prose poems Gaspard de la Nuit published posthumously in 1842; three of its poems were adapted to a homonymous piano suite by Maurice Ravel in 1908.", "Q121783": "The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles. The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference in the Pacific Division. The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center, an arena shared with the NBA's Los Angeles Clippers, the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association, and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League. The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA, and have won 16 NBA championships, the second-most behind the Boston Celtics.\nThe franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team, the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League (NBL). The new team began playing in Minneapolis, calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers. Initially a member of the NBL, the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America, where they would win five of the next six championships, led by star George Mikan. After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan's retirement, they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960\u201361 season.\nLed by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West, Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s, but lost each series to the Celtics, beginning their long and storied rivalry. In 1968, the Lakers acquired four-time NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) Wilt Chamberlain, and won their sixth NBA title\u2014and first in Los Angeles\u2014in 1972, led by new head coach Bill Sharman. After the retirement of West and Chamberlain, the team acquired Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, who also won multiple MVP awards, but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s.\nThe 1980s Lakers were nicknamed \"Showtime\" due to their fast break-offense led by Magic Johnson. The team won five championships in a nine-year span, and contained Hall of Famers Johnson, Abdul-Jabbar, and James Worthy, and was led by Hall of Fame coach Pat Riley. After Abdul-Jabbar and Johnson retired, the team struggled in the early 1990s, before acquiring Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant in 1996. With the duo, who were led by another Hall of Fame coach Phil Jackson, the team won three consecutive titles between 2000 to 2002, securing the franchise its second \"three-peat\". The Lakers won two more championships in 2009 and 2010, but failed to regain their former glory in the following decade.\nThe Lakers hold the record for NBA's longest winning streak, 33 straight games, set during the 1971\u201372 season. Twenty-six Hall of Famers have played for Los Angeles, while four have coached the team. Four Lakers\u2014Abdul-Jabbar, Johnson, O'Neal, and Bryant\u2014have won the NBA MVP Award for a total of eight awards.", "Q378882": "Etgar Keret (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05ea\u05d2\u05e8 \u05e7\u05e8\u05ea\u200e, born August 20, 1967) is an Israeli writer known for his short stories, graphic novels, and scriptwriting for film and television.", "Q130856": "Takahiro Yokomichi (\u6a2a\u8def \u5b5d\u5f18, Yokomichi Takahiro, born January 3, 1941) is a Japanese politician who belongs to the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) and was a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Sapporo, Hokkaid\u014d and graduate of the University of Tokyo, he was elected to the first of his five terms in the House of Representatives in 1969 as a member of the Japan Socialist Party in the electoral district of his late father Setsuo. \nHe left the House of Representatives and was elected to be the governor of Hokkaid\u014d. He served for three terms from 1983 to 1995. After finishing his term as governor, he left the Socialist Party, joining the DPJ. In 1996 he was re-elected to the House of Representatives. He is the leader of the most left-leaning faction in the DPJ. After the victory of 2009 elections, then-DPJ President Yukio Hatoyama named him as the next house speaker of the House of Representatives.\nIn the 2012 general election Yokomichi lost his single-seat electorate but retained a seat in the Diet through the proportional representation system. He managed to regain his seat in the 2014 election and held it until he retired in 2017.", "Q2389684": "This is about the American manufacturer. For others, see Donald Duncan (disambiguation).Donald F. Duncan Sr. (June 6, 1892 \u2013 May 15, 1971) was an American entrepreneur and inventor, and founder of the Duncan Toys Company.\nDuncan is most commonly associated with the Yo-Yo, the commercial success and iconic status they enjoyed during the 20th century in the United States and the world being largely the result of his marketing efforts. Duncan is often miscredited with invention of the Yo-Yo. The name Yo-Yo was a trademark of his company from 1930 until 1965, when the case Donald F. Duncan, Inc. v. Royal Tops Mfg. Co., 343 F.2d 655 (7th Cir. 1965) resulted in a federal court of appeals ruling in favor of the Royal Tops Company, asserting that the trademark had become a part of common speech.Duncan, who was born in Kansas City, Missouri, founded other companies, including the Good Humor mobile frozen treats franchise and a parking meter manufacturing company. Most notable among the innovations credited to Duncan is the concept of the premium incentive, a marketing tactic wherein the consumer is encouraged to collect proofs of purchase and redeem them for rewards, such as small toys or discount coupons.\nHe died in a car accident in Palm Springs, California.\nDuncan's Birthday has been immortalized as National Yo-Yo Day, June 6.", "Q62126": "Richard Wilhelm (10 May 1873 \u2013 2 March 1930) was a German sinologist, theologian, and missionary. He lived in China for 25 years, became fluent in spoken and written Chinese, and grew to love and admire the Chinese people. He is best remembered for his translations of philosophical works from Chinese into German that in turn have been translated into other major languages of the world, including English. His translation of the I Ching is still regarded as one of the finest, as is his translation of The Secret of the Golden Flower; both were provided with introductions by the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, who was a personal friend.His son Hellmut Wilhelm was also a sinologist, and was professor of Chinese at the University of Washington. Wilhelm was a close friend of the renowned Chinese educator and diplomat Dr. Li Linsi.", "Q108311": "Sophie Wepper (born Sophie-Margarita Wepper on 18 October 1981 in Munich, Germany) is a German actress.", "Q65891": "Marly is a municipality in the district of Sarine in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. Its German name is Mertenlach, but this is no longer common, although still in regional use. It was formed through the 1970 merger of Marly-le-Grand and Marly-le-Petit and the 1976 addition of the former municipality of Ch\u00e9salles.", "Q2144896": "Ren\u00e9 de Borst (born February 22, 1958) is a Dutch civil engineer who is known for his work on computational mechanics and fracture mechanics. Since January 2016 he is the Centenary Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Sheffield.\n\n", "Q1718148": "The Katholischer Studentenverein Arminia (Catholic Students Society Arminia) is one of Germany's oldest Catholic male student societies.", "Q427677": "Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Kazakh: \u00c1l-Farab\u0131 atynda\u01f5y Qazaq Ulttyq \u00ddn\u0131vers\u0131teti), also called KazGU or KazNU, is a university in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Named after the Eastern philosopher and scholar al-Farabi, it is one of the country's largest universities.\nKazNU is the oldest classical university of the Republic established by a Decree of the Kazakh Regional Committee (KRC) office dated November 13, 1933. One year after Kazakhstan's 1990 declaration of independence, the name was changed to Al-Farabi Kazakh State University. According to the QS World University Rankings KazNU takes 207th place in the rating of the best universities of the world.\nIn 2001, the government classified it as a \"national\" university. More than 20,000 students, post-graduates and PhD students study at KazNU, and there are more than 2500 faculty members working at KazNU, including 400 doctors of science, professors and more than 800 candidates of science and associate professors. Like other universities founded under the Soviet system, it is highly centralized.", "Q63238": "Wilhelmine Schr\u00f6der-Devrient, born Wilhelmine Schr\u00f6der (6 December 1804 \u2013 26 January 1860), was a German operatic soprano. As a singer, she combined a rare quality of tone with dramatic intensity of expression, which was as remarkable on the concert platform as in opera.", "Q159638": "Blade II is a 2002 American superhero film based on the fictional character Blade from Marvel Comics. It is the sequel to the first film and the second part of the Blade film series, followed by Blade: Trinity. It was written by David S. Goyer, who also wrote the previous film, directed by Guillermo del Toro, and had Wesley Snipes returning as the lead character and producer.\nThe film follows the human-vampire hybrid Blade in his continuing effort to protect humans from vampires, finding himself in a fierce battle against a group of mutant vampires who seek to commit global genocide of both vampire and human races. Blade and his human allies are coerced into joining forces with a special elite group of vampires.\nBlade II was released on March 22, 2002 and was a box office success, grossing over $155 million. It received mixed reviews from critics, earning praise for its performances, atmosphere, direction, and action sequences, although its script and lack of character development have been criticized.", "Q360015": "Mohammed Saeed al-Sahhaf (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u200e Mu\u1e25ammad Sa\u02bf\u012bd Al-\u1e62a\u1e25\u1e25\u0101f; born 30 July 1940), also known as Baghdad Bob or Comical Ali, is a former Iraqi diplomat and politician. He came to worldwide prominence around the 2003 invasion of Iraq, during which he was the Information Minister under Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, acting as spokesman for the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and Saddam's government.", "Q96919": "Heinrich Spoerl (1887\u20131955) was a German author.", "Q64557": "Mykolas Bir\u017ei\u0161ka (listen ; 24 August 1882 in Viek\u0161niai \u2013 24 August 1962 in Los Angeles), a Lithuanian editor, historian, professor of literature, diplomat, and politician, was one of the twenty signatories of the Act of Independence of Lithuania.", "Q44687": "The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylized as \u16cb\u16cb with Armanen runes; German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283\u028ats\u02cc\u0283tafl\u0329] (listen); literally 'Protection Squadron') was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II. It began with a small guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz (\"Hall Security\") made up of NSDAP volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. In 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and given its final name. Under his direction (1929\u20131945) it grew from a small paramilitary formation during the Weimar Republic to one of the most powerful organizations in Nazi Germany. From 1929 until the regime's collapse in 1945, the SS was the foremost agency of security, surveillance, and terror within Germany and German-occupied Europe.\nThe two main constituent groups were the Allgemeine SS (General SS) and Waffen-SS (Armed SS). The Allgemeine SS was responsible for enforcing the racial policy of Nazi Germany and general policing, whereas the Waffen-SS consisted of combat units within Nazi Germany's military. A third component of the SS, the SS-Totenkopfverb\u00e4nde (SS-TV), ran the concentration camps and extermination camps. Additional subdivisions of the SS included the Gestapo and the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) organizations. They were tasked with the detection of actual or potential enemies of the Nazi state, the neutralization of any opposition, policing the German people for their commitment to Nazi ideology, and providing domestic and foreign intelligence.\nThe SS was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of an estimated 5.5 to 6 million Jews and millions of other victims during the Holocaust. Members of all of its branches committed war crimes and crimes against humanity during World War II (1939\u201345). The SS was also involved in commercial enterprises and exploited concentration camp inmates as slave labor. After Nazi Germany's defeat, the SS and the NSDAP were judged by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg to be criminal organizations. Ernst Kaltenbrunner, the highest-ranking surviving SS main department chief, was found guilty of crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials and hanged in 1946.", "Q437464": "Ashlyn Gere (born September 14, 1959) is an American former pornographic actress who performed in both heterosexual and lesbian films and also an actress in mainstream film and television. For her adult film work, Gere is an inductee into the AVN and XRCO Halls of Fame. For her mainstream work, she is best known for her appearances on the science fiction television series The X-Files and Space: Above and Beyond.", "Q336253": "Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera, GCMG (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8lwis al\u02c8\u03b2e\u027eto la\u02c8ka\u028ee \u00f0e e\u02c8re\u027ea]) (born July 13, 1941), is a Uruguayan lawyer and politician who served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995.", "Q1756541": "Vytautas Magnus University (VMU) (Lithuanian: Vytauto Did\u017eiojo Universitetas (VDU)) is a public university in Kaunas, Lithuania. The university was founded in 1922 during the interwar period as an alternate national university.Initially it was known as the University of Lithuania, but in 1930 the university was renamed to Vytautas Magnus University, commemorating 500 years of death of Vytautas the Great, the Lithuanian ruler, well known for the nation's greatest historical expansion in the 15th century. \nIt is one of the leading universities of Lithuania which has about 8,800 students, including Master's students and Ph.D. candidates. There are a little more than 1000 employees, including approximately 90 professors.", "Q368449": "P\u0113teris Vasks (born 16 April 1946) is a Latvian composer.", "Q5930": "Family Guy is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series centers on the Griffins, a family consisting of parents Peter and Lois; their children, Meg, Chris, and Stewie; and their anthropomorphic pet dog, Brian. The show is set in the fictional city of Quahog, Rhode Island, and exhibits much of its surreal and dark humor in the form of metafictional cutaway gags that often lampoon American culture.\nThe family was conceived by MacFarlane after developing two animated films, The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve. MacFarlane redesigned the films' protagonist, Larry, and his dog, Steve, and renamed them Peter and Brian, respectively. MacFarlane pitched a seven-minute pilot to Fox in 1998, and the show was greenlit and began production. Shortly after the third season of Family Guy had aired in 2002, Fox canceled the series with one episode left unaired. Adult Swim aired that episode in 2003, finishing the series' original run. However, favorable DVD sales and high ratings for syndicated reruns on Adult Swim convinced the network to renew the show in 2004 for a fourth season, which began airing on May 1, 2005.\nSince its debut on January 31, 1999, 344 episodes of Family Guy have been broadcast. Its eighteenth season began on September 29, 2019. The show has been widely acclaimed, prompting Family Guy to be nominated for 12 Primetime Emmy Awards and 11 Annie Awards, and has won three of each. In 2009, it was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series, the first time an animated series was nominated for the award since The Flintstones in 1961. Family Guy has also received criticism, including unfavorable comparisons to The Simpsons.\nMany tie-in media have been released, including Stewie Griffin: The Untold Story, a straight-to-DVD special released in 2005; Family Guy: Live in Vegas, a soundtrack-DVD combo released in 2005, featuring music from the show as well as original music created by MacFarlane and Walter Murphy; a video game and pinball machine, released in 2006 and 2007, respectively; since 2005, six books published by Harper Adult based on the Family Guy universe; and Laugh It Up, Fuzzball: The Family Guy Trilogy (2010), a series of parodies of the original Star Wars trilogy. In 2008, MacFarlane confirmed that the cast was interested in producing a feature film and that he was working on a story for a film adaptation.\nA spin-off series, The Cleveland Show, featuring Cleveland Brown, aired from September 27, 2009, to May 19, 2013. \"The Simpsons Guy\", a crossover episode with The Simpsons, aired on September 28, 2014. Family Guy is a joint production by Fuzzy Door Productions and 20th Century Fox Television and syndicated by 20th Television. In 2013, TV Guide ranked Family Guy the ninth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time.On February 12, 2019, Fox renewed the series for an eighteenth season, which premiered on September 29, 2019 on Animation Domination.", "Q800133": "I Set My Friends on Fire (often abbreviated as ISMFOF) is an experimental rock group from Miami, Florida. The band was formed in 2007 by Matt Mehana and former member Nabil Moo. The group signed with Epitaph Records before releasing their debut album, You Can't Spell Slaughter Without Laughter, in 2008. Their second album, Astral Rejection, was originally supposed to be released on June 22, 2010, but the original recording was shelved by Epitaph, causing Nabil to leave and Matt and Chris having to re-write and re-record the record. It was then released on June 21, 2011. Shortly after, Chris Lent also left the band. Their third album, Caterpillar Sex, was announced in 2013 with a still TBA release date, though a number of demos and singles have been released. The band has also announced an untitled fourth album in 2016 with no release date confirmed. The group is known for their experimental style which fuses many electronic and aggressive rock genres together.", "Q18852": "Lostprophets were a Welsh rock band from Pontypridd, formed in 1997 by singer and lyricist Ian Watkins, bassist and later guitarist Mike Lewis, guitarist Lee Gaze, and drummer Mike Chiplin. The band was founded as a side project of the band Public Disturbance, and was part of the Cardiff music scene.Lostprophets released five studio albums: The Fake Sound of Progress (2000), Start Something (2004), Liberation Transmission (2006), The Betrayed (2010), and Weapons (2012). They sold 3.5 million albums worldwide, achieving two top-ten singles on the UK Singles Chart (\"Last Train Home\" and \"Rooftops\"), a No. 1 single on the US Alternative Songs chart (\"Last Train Home\"), and several Kerrang! Awards and nominations.\nIn December 2012, Watkins was charged with multiple sexual offences against children and infants. Lostprophets cancelled all tour dates and announced they were disbanding in October 2013, before the end of Watkins' trial. Watkins pleaded guilty to several charges. In December 2013, he was sentenced to 29 years of imprisonment plus six years of parole. In June 2014, the remaining members teamed up with American singer Geoff Rickly to form a new band called No Devotion.", "Q113057": "Ferdinand Ritter von Mannlicher (January 30, 1848 \u2013 January 20, 1904) was an Austrian engineer and small arms designer. Along with James Paris Lee, Mannlicher was particularly noted for inventing the en-bloc clip charger-loading magazine system. Later, while making improvements to other inventors prototype designs for rotary-feed magazines, Mannlicher, together with his prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Otto Sch\u00f6nauer, patented a perfected rotary magazine design, the Mannlicher\u2013Sch\u00f6nauer, which was a commercial and military success.", "Q155002": "Frederick VI (Danish and Norwegian: Frederik; 28 January 1768 \u2013 3 December 1839) was King of Denmark from 13 March 1808 to 3 December 1839 and King of Norway from 13 March 1808 to 7 February 1814, making him the last king of Denmark\u2013Norway. From 1784 until his accession, he served as regent during his father's mental illness and was referred to as the \"Crown Prince Regent\" (kronprinsregent). For his motto he chose God and the just cause (Danish: Gud og den retf\u00e6rdige sag) and since the time of his reign, succeeding Danish monarchs have also chosen mottos in the Danish language rather than the formerly customary Latin.", "Q510971": "Muzi Mei (Chinese: \u6728\u5b50\u7f8e; pinyin: M\u00f9z\u01d0 M\u011bi; born 1978) is a journalist and blogger from Guangzhou, China, who became an Internet celebrity in late 2003. Her blog contained frank descriptions of her sexual encounters with various men, which is believed to be a first for China.\nHer real name is Li Li (\u674e\u9e97 L\u01d0 L\u00ec) -- \"Muzi\" (\u6728\u5b50) becomes \"Li\" (\u674e) when the characters are arranged vertically, and \"Mei\" (\u7f8e) and \"Li\" (\u9e97) are synonyms (both mean \"beautiful\"). She studied in the Department of Philosophy in Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, and graduated in 2001.\nIn 2003 she was the topic of heated discussion and controversy in print media, bulletin boards and Internet chatrooms across China, and was even mentioned in stories in the New York Times, TIME (December 12, 2005, European edition. Vol. 166, No. 24, page 31) and Washington Post and other international media. Her name was often mentioned together with Tang Jiali, a dancer who was the first to publish a book of nude artistic photographs of herself. This reflected a partial liberalization of restrictions on sexual material and nudity in Chinese publications beginning in 2003.\nPortions of her blog have now been translated into French and published as a book with the title Journal sexuel d'une jeune Chinoise sur le net (\u00c9ditions Albin Michel, 2005, ISBN 2-226-15980-0). A German translation is published as Mein intimes Tagebuch (Aufbau-Verlag, Jan. 2007, ISBN 3-7466-2306-5).Muzi Mei was featured in an article in the December 12, 2005 issue of Time Magazine entitled \"Sex, Please\u2014We're Young and Chinese\".Bokee.com has hired her to promote the concept of blogging. She has shifted to podcasting. \"One recent podcast was an hour-long sound track of an amorous encounter, starting with 'Please come in' and finishing in climactic groans, panting and shrieking. It gets about 10,000 visits a day.\"", "Q710705": "Yi Xing (Chinese: \u4e00\u884c; pinyin: Y\u012b X\u00edng; Wade\u2013Giles: I-Hsing, 683\u2013727), born Zhang Sui (Chinese: \u5f35\u9042), was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, inventor, mechanical engineer, philosopher, and Buddhist monk of the Tang dynasty (618\u2013907). His astronomical celestial globe featured a clockwork escapement mechanism, the first in a long tradition of Chinese astronomical clockworks.", "Q188277": "Cruzeiro Esporte Clube (Brazilian Portuguese: [k\u027eu\u02c8zej\u027eu es\u02c8po\u027et\u0283i \u02c8klubi]), commonly known as Cruzeiro and nicknamed Raposa (English: Fox), is one of the biggest Brazilian (and South American) multisport clubs; based in Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte. Although they compete in a number of different sports, Cruzeiro is mostly known for its association football team. It plays in the Campeonato Mineiro, the state of Minas Gerais's premier state league, as well as in the Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie B, the second tier of the Brazilian football league system.\nThe club was founded on January 2, 1921 by sportsmen from the Italian colony of Belo Horizonte, some members of Yale Atl\u00e9tico Clube and many Italian immigrant workers decided to create a new club called Societ\u00e1 Sportiva Ypiranga, changing the name months later to Palestra Mineiro and after one game to Palestra It\u00e1lia. As a result of the Second World War, the Brazilian federal government banned the use of any symbols referring to the Axis powers in 1942. The club board members rebaptized the club with the name of a leading national symbol: the Cruzeiro do Sul's constellation. Cruzeiro play their home games at the Mineir\u00e3o stadium, which currently holds up to 62,547 spectators. Cruzeiro's regular kit colours are blue shirts and white shorts with blue socks (although the team has worn white socks with their home kit for certain periods of time). Umbro are the side's current kit manufacturers.\nCruzeiro is one of Brazil's most successful clubs despite its relatively young age (compared with other major Brazilian clubs). It won the Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A for the first time in 1966, after defeating Santos' Os Sant\u00e1sticos in the final series. Cruzeiro has won the Brasileir\u00e3o again in 2003, 2013 and 2014, obtaining the best campaign in the present format of the competition. Cruzeiro has also won record six Copa do Brasil titles and the Campeonato Mineiro 37 times. Cruzeiro won the defunct state competitions Ta\u00e7a Minas Gerais five times, the Copa dos Campe\u00f5es Mineiros twice, Copa Sul Minas twice, the Torneio In\u00edcio 10 times and the Supercampeonato Mineiro once. A Raposa also obtained many international laurels such as two Copa Libertadores, two Supercopa Libertadores, one Recopa Sudamericana, one Copa de Oro and one Copa Master de Supercopa. Cruzeiro is the only Brazilian club to complete the Domestic Treble, a feat accomplished in 2003 after winning the Campeonato Mineiro, the 2003 Copa do Brasil and the 2003 Brasileir\u00e3o.\nCruzeiro hold a long-standing rivalry against Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro. It has contributed many key and famous players towards Brazil's FIFA World Cup squads such as Piazza, Tost\u00e3o, Nelinho, Ronaldo, Luis\u00e3o, Alex de Souza, Maicon, Cris, Jairzinho, Rivaldo, Ed\u00edlson among so many others.\nCruzeiro was relegated to Brazilian serie B for the first time in history on 8 December 2019, after losing to Palmeiras with the score of 2\u20130 at home.", "Q847278": "This is a complete list of the 164 shorts in the Tom and Jerry series produced, directed, and released between 1940 and 2014. Of these, 162 are theatrical shorts, one is a made-for-TV short, and one is a 2-minute sketch shown as part of a telethon.", "Q550602": "Poison is an American rock band which achieved commercial success in the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s and has sold over 45 million records. The band has charted ten singles in the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100, including six Top 10 singles and the Hot 100 number-one, \"Every Rose Has Its Thorn\". The band's breakthrough debut album, the multi-platinum Look What the Cat Dragged In, was released in 1986, followed by Open Up and Say... Ahh!, which was certified 5\u00d7 platinum in the US. Their third consecutive multi-platinum selling album was Flesh & Blood.\nIn the 1990s following the release of the band's first live album, Swallow This Live, the band experienced some line up changes and the fall of pop metal with the grunge movement. But the band's fourth studio album, Native Tongue, still achieved Gold status and the band's first compilation album, Poison's Greatest Hits: 1986\u20131996, went double platinum.\nIn the 2000s with the original line up reformed for a greatest hits reunion tour in 1999. The band began the new decade with the release of Crack a Smile... and More!, followed by the Power to the People album. They released the album, Hollyweird, in 2002 and in 2006 the band celebrated their 20-year anniversary with The Best of Poison: 20 Years of Rock tour and album, which was certified Gold and marked Poison's return to the Billboard top 20 charts for the first time since 1993. Band members have released several solo albums and starred in reality TV shows. After 30 years, the band is still recording music and performing.\nSince their debut in 1986, they have released seven studio albums, four live albums, five compilation albums, and have issued 28 singles to radio. \nIn 2012 VH1 ranked them at #1 on their list of the \"Top 5 Hair Bands of the '80s\".", "Q92028": "Alexander, Count of Sch\u00f6nburg-Glauchau (born August 15, 1969), known professionally as Alexander von Sch\u00f6nburg, is a German journalist and writer. He is the current head of the comital branch of the princely House of Sch\u00f6nburg.", "Q85554": "Hans G\u00fcnther Adler (July 2, 1910, in Prague \u2013 August 21, 1988, in London), was a German language poet, novelist, scholar, and Holocaust survivor.", "Q258777": "Sofia Boutella (Arabic: \u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0629\u200e; born April 3, 1982) is an Algerian-French dancer, model and actress. She is best known for her supporting roles in Hollywood action films, most notably as Gazelle in Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014), Jaylah in Star Trek Beyond (2016), and Delphine Lasalle in Atomic Blonde (2017).Since 2017, Boutella has been recognized as \"the best new action star\" of the year and a \"breakout action star.\" She has subsequently appeared in more leading roles, including Princess Ahmanet in The Mummy (2017), an international assassin in Hotel Artemis (2018) and as the leader of a dance troupe in Climax (2018).", "Q3087909": "Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer (12 January 1636 \u2013 20 February 1699) was a Franco-Flemish painter who specialised in flower pieces. He was attached to the Gobelins tapestry workshops and the Beauvais tapestry workshops, too, where he produced cartoons of fruit and flowers for the tapestry-weavers, and at Beauvais was one of three painters who collaborated to produce cartoons for the suite The Emperor of China.", "Q3616": "Tehran or Teheran (; Persian: \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200e \u0164ehr\u00e2n [teh\u02c8\u027e\u0252\u02d0n] (listen)) is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With a population of around 8.7 million in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, and has the third-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East (surpassed by Cairo and Istanbul). It is ranked 24th in the world by the population of its metropolitan area.In the Classical era, part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages, a prominent Median city. It was subject to destruction through the medieval Arab, Turkic, and Mongol invasions. Its modern-day inheritor remains as an urban area absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran.\nTehran was first chosen as the capital of Iran by Agha Mohammad Khan of the Qajar dynasty in 1786, in order to remain within close reach of Iran's territories in the Caucasus, before being separated from Iran as a result of the Russo-Iranian Wars, and to avoid the vying factions of the previously ruling Iranian dynasties. The capital has been moved several times throughout history, and Tehran is the 32nd national capital of Persia. Large-scale demolition and rebuilding began in the 1920s, and Tehran has been a destination for mass migrations from all over Iran since the 20th century.Tehran is home to many historical collections, including the royal complexes of Golestan, Sa'dabad, and Niavaran, where the two last dynasties of the former Imperial State of Iran were seated. Tehran's most famous landmarks include the Azadi Tower, a memorial built under the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1971 to mark the 2,500th year of the foundation of the Imperial State of Iran, and the Milad Tower, the world's sixth-tallest self-supporting tower which was completed in 2007. The Tabiat Bridge, a newly built landmark, was completed in 2014.The majority of the population of Tehran are Persian-speaking people, and roughly 99% of the population understand and speak Persian, but there are large populations of other ethno-linguistic groups who live in Tehran and speak Persian as a second language.Tehran has an international airport (Imam Khomeini Airport), a domestic airport (Mehrabad Airport), a central railway station, the rapid transit system of Tehran Metro, a bus rapid transit system, trolleybuses, and a large network of highways.\nThere have been plans to relocate Iran's capital from Tehran to another area, due mainly to air pollution and the city's exposure to earthquakes. To date, no definitive plans have been approved. A 2016 survey of 230 cities by consultant Mercer ranked Tehran 203rd for quality of life. According to the Global Destinations Cities Index in 2016, Tehran is among the top ten fastest growing destinations.October 6 is marked as Tehran Day based on a 2016 decision by members of the City Council, celebrating the day when the city was officially chosen as the capital of Iran by the Qajar dynasty back in 1907.", "Q211411": "Chrysippus of Soli (; Greek: \u03a7\u03c1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03a3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2, Chrysippos ho Soleus; c. 279 \u2013 c. 206 BC) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Soli, Cilicia, but moved to Athens as a young man, where he became a pupil of Cleanthes in the Stoic school. When Cleanthes died, around 230 BC, Chrysippus became the third head of the school. A prolific writer, Chrysippus expanded the fundamental doctrines of Zeno of Citium, the founder of the school, which earned him the title of Second Founder of Stoicism.Chrysippus excelled in logic, the theory of knowledge, ethics, and physics. He created an original system of propositional logic in order to better understand the workings of the universe and role of humanity within it. He adhered to a deterministic view of fate, but nevertheless sought a role for personal freedom in thought and action. Ethics, he thought, depended on understanding the nature of the universe, and he taught a therapy of extirpating the unruly passions which depress and crush the soul. He initiated the success of Stoicism as one of the most influential philosophical movements for centuries in the Greek and Roman world.\nOf his written works, none have survived except as fragments. Recently, segments of some of his works were discovered among the Herculaneum papyri.", "Q57412": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re (German pronunciation: [d\u0259 m\u025b\u02c8zi\u032f\u025b\u02d0\u0250\u032f]; born 2 March 1940) is a German Christian Democratic politician. In 1990, he served as the only democratically elected prime minister of the German Democratic Republic, and as such was the last leader of an independent East Germany.", "Q58721": "Irreligion (adjective form: non-religious or irreligious) is the absence, indifference to, or rejection of religion. According to the Pew Research Center's 2012 global study of 230 countries and territories, 16% of the world's population is not affiliated with a religion, while 84% are affiliated.Irreligion may include some forms of theism, depending on the religious context it is defined against; for example, in 18th-century Europe, the epitome of irreligion was deism, while in contemporary East Asia the shared term meaning \"irreligion\" or \"no religion\" (\u7121\u5b97\u6559, Chinese pron. w\u00fa z\u014dngji\u00e0o, Japanese pron. mu sh\u016bky\u014d Korean pron. mujonggyo), with which the majority of East Asian populations identify themselves, implies non-membership in one of the institutional religions (such as Buddhism and Christianity) and not necessarily non-belief in traditional folk religions collectively represented by Chinese Shendao and Japanese Shinto (both meaning \"ways of gods\").According to cross-cultural studies, since religion and fertility are positively related while secularism and fertility are negatively related, secularism is expected to decline throughout the 21st century. By 2060, according to their projections, the number of unaffiliated will increase by over 35 million, but the percentage will decrease to 13% because the total population will grow faster.", "Q188920": "Delta Air Lines, Inc., typically referred to as Delta, is one of the major airlines of the United States and a legacy carrier. It is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. The airline, along with its subsidiaries and regional affiliates, including Delta Connection, operates over 5,400 flights daily and serves 325 destinations in 52 countries on six continents. Delta is a founding member of the SkyTeam airline alliance.Delta has nine hubs, with Atlanta being its largest in terms of total passengers and number of departures. It is ranked second among the world's largest airlines by number of scheduled passengers carried, revenue passenger-kilometers flown, and fleet size. It is ranked 69th on the Fortune 500.", "Q589611": "Philippe Chatrier (French pronunciation: \u200b[filip \u0283at\u0281ije]; 2 February 1926 \u2013 22 June 2000) was a French tennis player. After his playing career ended, he became a journalist, and was then involved in sports administration. He was president of the French Tennis Federation for 20 years, from 1973 to 1993, and president of the International Tennis Federation for 14 years, from 1977 to 1991.\n\n", "Q8743": "Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 \u2013 October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These inventions, which include the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb, have had a widespread impact on the modern industrialized world. He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of organized science and teamwork to the process of invention, working with many researchers and employees. He established the first industrial research laboratory.Edison was raised in the American Midwest; early in his career he worked as a telegraph operator, which inspired some of his earliest inventions. In 1876, he established his first laboratory facility in Menlo Park, New Jersey, where many of his early inventions were developed. He later established a botanic laboratory in Fort Myers, Florida in collaboration with businessmen Henry Ford and Harvey Firestone, and a laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey that featured the world's first film studio, the Black Maria. He was a prolific inventor, holding 1,093 US patents in his name, as well as patents in other countries. Edison married twice and fathered six children. He died in 1931 of complications of diabetes.", "Q357336": "Adina Mandlov\u00e1 (28 January 1910 \u2013 16 June 1991) was a Czech film and stage actress. She was one of the leading stars of 1930s and 1940s Czech cinema. She was involved in a number of scandals and love affairs.", "Q327809": "Men in the City (German: M\u00e4nnerherzen; literally \"Men's Hearts\") is a 2009 German comedy film directed by Simon Verhoeven with Christian Ulmen, Nadja Uhl and Wotan Wilke M\u00f6hring. The film was followed by M\u00e4nnerherzen\u2026 und die ganz ganz gro\u00dfe Liebe in 2011.", "Q927771": "Ross James Kemp (born 21 July 1964) is an English actor, author and investigative journalist. He rose to prominence in the role of Grant Mitchell in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. Since 2004, Kemp has received international recognition as a journalist for the BAFTA Award-winning documentary series Ross Kemp on Gangs.", "Q919847": "Pierre-Antoine Antonelle (17 July 1747 \u2013 26 November 1817) was a French journalist, politician, president of the Jacobin Club and revolutionary. He was the first democratically elected mayor of Arles. Although he came from an aristocratic family, he was a strong supporter of the French Revolution, initially in the south of France, particularly Arles and Provence, and ultimately in Paris. Called the single most influential figure of the French Revolution in Arles, Antonelle was heavily involved in the reunion of the Comtat Venaissin with France and was one of the leading figures in Gracchus Babeuf's Conspiracy of the Equals.", "Q888186": "Pablo Arosemena Alba (24 September 1836, in Panama City \u2013 19 August 1920) was the first presidential designate of Panama at the time of resignation of Carlos Antonio Mendoza, and in that capacity became the President of Panama from 5 October 1910 to 1 October 1912\nHe was elected as the first presidential designate by the National Assembly for the term 1904-1906 and again for the term 1910\u20131912.", "Q1277585": "The Kunstkamera (or Kunstkammer; Russian: \u041a\u0443\u043d\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430) is the first museum in Russia. Established by Peter the Great and completed in 1727, the Kunstkammer Building hosts the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Russian: \u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a), with a collection of almost 2,000,000 items. It is located on the Universitetskaya Embankment in Saint Petersburg, facing the Winter Palace.", "Q91521": "August von Kageneck (1922\u20132004) was a German tank commander in the armored forces, writer and a journalist.\nHe served in the German Wehrmacht in World War II as a tank commander, before being wounded in 1942 and evacuated back to Germany.\n\nAugust von Kageneck was born in the Rhineland, Germany. His life included time as a tank commander during WWII in the Eastern Front. After the war he became a journalist and author of several books. He was instrumental in the postwar reconciliation between France and Germany. \nAugust von Kageneck was the fifth son born into an aristocratic family living midway between Treves and Koblenz on the banks of the Moselle. His father had commanded a brigade of cuirassiers during the First World War, had previously been a military attach\u00e9 to Vienna and aide-de-camp to Emperor Wilhelm II.\nAugust spent his childhood in Wittlich, the site of a French garrison, until 1930. \nAugust joined the Hitler Youth, as if he were joining the scouts. His secondary education took place at the Jesuit school in Bad Godensberg. In April 1939 he enlisted in the 17th Cavalry Regiment in Bamberg. On 1 January 1941 he joined the armoured forces academy in Krampnitz near Potsdam as an officer cadet. He left on 1 May 1941 as a second lieutenant and joined the reconnaissance battalion of the 9th Armoured Division composed of Austrians. On 23 June 1941, at age 18, he entered Russia at the head of a group of tanks. \nIn December 1944, he was finally assigned to the Western Front and finished serving in the war, fighting against the Americans, in the heart of Harz, in the ranks of the reconnaissance battalion of the famous Panzerlehr-Division. He managed to escape captivity and joined his parents, in Rhineland, once again under French occupation. \nAugust started a career in journalism after WWII. In 1948, he worked on a local newspaper, published in Bad Kreuznach. In 1950, he was a reporter for Hamburg's daily paper. From then until 1955, the year he moved to Paris, he carried out regular reporting in Africa for German television. For 16 years, he went on to be the correspondent in France for the national German daily Die Welt as well as for Germany's official television stations.\nHe died on 13 December 2004, in Bad Oldesloe in the region of L\u00fcbeck following a long illness.", "Q1001": "Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; 2 October 1869 \u2013 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer,anti-colonial nationalist, \nand political ethicist,\nwho employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British Rule, \nand in turn inspire movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mah\u0101tm\u0101 (Sanskrit: \"great-souled\", \"venerable\"), first applied to him in 1914 in South Africa, is now used throughout the world.Born and raised in a Hindu family in coastal Gujarat, western India, Gandhi was trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, and called to the bar at age 22 in June 1891. After two uncertain years in India, where he was unable to start a successful law practice, he moved to South Africa in 1893 to represent an Indian merchant in a lawsuit. He went on to stay for 21 years. It was in South Africa that Gandhi raised a family, and first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights. In 1915, aged 45, he returned to India. He set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, and above all for achieving Swaraj or self-rule.The same year Gandhi adopted the Indian loincloth, or short dhoti and, in the winter, a shawl, both woven with yarn hand-spun on a traditional Indian spinning wheel, or charkha, as a mark of identification with India's rural poor. Thereafter, he lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community, ate simple vegetarian food, and undertook long fasts as a means of self-purification and political protest. Bringing anti-colonial nationalism to the common Indians, Gandhi led them in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India. \nGandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism was challenged in the early 1940s by a new Muslim nationalism which was demanding a separate Muslim homeland carved out of India. In August 1947, Britain granted independence, but the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two dominions, a Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan. As many displaced Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs made their way to their new lands, religious violence broke out, especially in the Punjab and Bengal. Eschewing the official celebration of independence in Delhi, Gandhi visited the affected areas, attempting to provide solace. In the months following, he undertook several fasts unto death to stop religious violence. The last of these, undertaken on 12 January 1948 when he was 78, also had the indirect goal of pressuring India to pay out some cash assets owed to Pakistan. Some Indians thought Gandhi was too accommodating. Among them was Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, who assassinated Gandhi on 30 January 1948 by firing three bullets into his chest.Gandhi's birthday, 2 October, is commemorated in India as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the International Day of Nonviolence. Gandhi is commonly, though not formally, considered the Father of the Nation in India, and was commonly called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for father, papa).", "Q109580": "Gustav H\u00f6cker (28 September 1832 - 11 October 1911) was a German author and translator of popular historical novels.", "Q178379": "Mahammad bin Suleyman (Classical Azerbaijani: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u063a\u0644\u06cc\u200e M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d S\u00fcleyman o\u011flu), better known by his pen name Fuzuli (Azerbaijani: \u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u200e F\u00fczuli; c.\u20091494 \u2013 1556), was an Azerbaijani, of the Bayat tribes of Oghuz, poet, writer and thinker. Often considered one of the greatest contributors to the divan tradition of Azerbaijani literature, Fuzuli in fact wrote his collected poems (divan) in three different languages: in his native Azerbaijani, Arabic and Persian. He was well-versed in both the Ottoman and Chagatai Turkic literary traditions as well as mathematics and astronomy.", "Q214569": "Stefan Szende (born Istv\u00e1n Szende: 10 April 1901 \u2013 5 May 1985) was a Hungaro-Swedish political scientist, politician, journalist and writer who during the Nazi years became an anti-fascist resistance fighter and a victim of the concentration camp system.\n\n", "Q361684": "Adolphus Frederick II (19 October 1658 \u2013 12 May 1708), Duke of Mecklenburg, was the first Duke of the Mecklenburg-Strelitz, reigning from 1701 until his death. Mecklenburg-Strelitz was a part of the Holy Roman Empire.", "Q370951": "Office Killer is a comedy-horror film directed by Cindy Sherman. It was released in 1997 and stars Carol Kane, Molly Ringwald and David Thornton.\n\n", "Q55205": "Andrea Wong serves on the boards of Liberty Media Corporation, Liberty Interactive Corporation, Hudson's Bay Company, Hudson Pacific Properties and Social Capital Hedosophia Holdings. She is also a Governor of the British Film Institute, and a Trustee of the Royal Academy of Arts.\nWong was most recently President, International Production for Sony Pictures Television and President, International for Sony Pictures Entertainment based in London. She oversaw Sony Pictures Television's 18 overseas production companies, creating nearly 1,300 hours of entertainment around the world each year. Among her many achievements in this role, Wong brought The Crown to Sony, winner of Golden Globes for Best Drama Television Series and Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series along with numerous other accolades. As President, International for Sony Pictures Entertainment, Wong guided the company on matters impacting international production and championed the studio's interests abroad.\nPreviously, Wong served as president and CEO of Lifetime Networks, where she oversaw the day-to-day operations of Lifetime Television, Lifetime Movie Network, Lifetime Real Women, and Lifetime Digital, including programming, marketing, advertising sales, affiliate sales, public affairs, business and legal affairs, strategic planning, operations and research. During her time there she saw Army Wives become Lifetime's top-rated original series ever and spearheaded Lifetime's acquisition of Project Runway.\nPrior to that, Wong was executive vice president, alternative programming, specials and late night at ABC where she developed shows such as The Bachelor, the U.S. version of Dancing With the Stars and the Emmy-award winning Extreme Makeover: Home Edition.Wong graduated MIT with a degree in electrical engineering and received an MBA from Stanford University.\nShe is a Henry Crown Fellow of the Aspen Institute, and serves on the Stanford Graduate School of Business Advisory Council.", "Q440405": "R\u00e9gine Zylberberg, (born Regina Zylberberg; 26 December 1929), better known as R\u00e9gine, is a Belgian-born French singer and night-club impresaria. She dubbed herself the \"Queen of the Night\".", "Q308154": "Abdi \u0130pek\u00e7i (9 August 1929 \u2013 1 February 1979) was a Turkish journalist, intellectual and an activist for human rights. He was murdered while editor-in-chief of one of the main Turkish daily newspapers Milliyet which then had a centre-left political stance.", "Q2905291": "Black & Blue Records was a record company and label founded in France in 1968 that specialized in blues and jazz.\nBlack & Blue reissued music from small American labels before producing original releases. Some of these releases were by black musicians who were visiting France. The label's catalogue included music by Ray Bryant, Milt Buckner, Panama Francis, Earl Hines, Illinois Jacquet, Jo Jones, Sammy Price, and Buddy Tate.", "Q222965": "Inside Daisy Clover is a 1965 American drama film based on Gavin Lambert's 1963 novel of the same name, directed by Robert Mulligan and starring Natalie Wood. It follows the eponymous tomboy who becomes a Hollywood actress and singer.", "Q300508": "A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 2010 American slasher film directed by Samuel Bayer, and written by Wesley Strick and Eric Heisserer. The film stars Jackie Earle Haley, Kyle Gallner, Rooney Mara, Katie Cassidy, Thomas Dekker, and Kellan Lutz. It is a remake of Wes Craven's 1984 film of the same name. Produced by Michael Bay and Platinum Dunes, the film was designed to reboot the Nightmare on Elm Street franchise and is the ninth installment in the series. The film is set in a fictitious town of Ohio and centers around a group of teenagers living on one street who are stalked and murdered in their dreams by a disfigured man named Freddy Krueger. The teenagers discover that they all share a common link from their childhood that makes them targets for Krueger.\nA Nightmare on Elm Street was originally to follow the same design as Platinum Dunes' other remake, Friday the 13th, where the writers took the best elements from each of the films in the original series and created a single storyline with them. Eventually, they decided to use Craven's original storyline but tried to create a scarier film. To that end, they decided to remove the one-line quipping Freddy, who had become less scary and more comical over the years, and bring back his darker nature. The writers developed the character to be a child molester, something that Craven wanted to do originally in 1984 but changed to a child killer instead. Freddy's physical appearance was changed with the use of computer-generated imagery to be closer to that of a burn victim. Because of the positive experiences Platinum Dunes' producers had in the area, A Nightmare on Elm Street was filmed primarily in Illinois. Craven expressed his displeasure when he was not consulted on the project. Robert Englund, who portrayed Freddy in the previous eight films, voiced his support of the remake and the casting of Haley in the role of Freddy.\nA Nightmare on Elm Street had its world premiere at Hollywood on April 27, 2010, and was theatrically released in North America on April 30, 2010, by Warner Bros. Pictures and New Line Cinema. The film received generally negative reviews from critics, who criticized the teenage characters and story while offering some praise for Bayer's direction and Haley's performance. Despite this, it was box-office success, earned over $63 million at the domestic box office and over $115 million worldwide, making it the highest-grossing film in the franchise and the highest-grossing slasher film in unadjusted dollars.", "Q139325": "Zachary Knight Galifianakis (; born October 1, 1969) is an American actor, comedian, and writer who came to prominence with his Comedy Central Presents special in 2001 and presented his own show called Late World with Zach on VH1 the following year. He has also starred in films, such as The Hangover trilogy (2009\u20132013), Due Date (2010), The Campaign (2012), Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014), Masterminds (2016), and The Lego Batman Movie (2017).\nGalifianakis is the host of the Emmy Award-winning talk show Between Two Ferns with Zach Galifianakis on the Funny or Die website. He starred in the FX series Baskets for which he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series in 2017.", "Q34189": "Ricardo Eli\u00e9cer Neftal\u00ed Reyes Basoalto (12 July 1904 \u2013 23 September 1973), better known by his pen name and, later, legal name Pablo Neruda (; Spanish: [\u02c8pa\u03b2lo ne\u02c8\u027eu\u00f0a]), was a Nobel Prize winning Chilean poet-diplomat and politician. Neruda became known as a poet when he was 13 years old, and wrote in a variety of styles, including surrealist poems, historical epics, overtly political manifestos, a prose autobiography, and passionate love poems such as the ones in his collection Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair (1924). He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971.\nNeruda occupied many diplomatic positions in various countries during his lifetime and served a term as a Senator for the Chilean Communist Party. When President Gabriel Gonz\u00e1lez Videla outlawed communism in Chile in 1948, a warrant was issued for Neruda's arrest. Friends hid him for months in the basement of a house in the port city of Valpara\u00edso; Neruda escaped through a mountain pass near Maihue Lake into Argentina. Years later, Neruda was a close advisor to Chile's socialist President Salvador Allende. When Neruda returned to Chile after his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, Allende invited him to read at the Estadio Nacional before 70,000 people.Neruda was hospitalised with cancer in September 1973, at the time of the coup d'\u00e9tat led by Augusto Pinochet that overthrew Allende's government, but returned home after a few days when he suspected a doctor of injecting him with an unknown substance for the purpose of murdering him on Pinochet's orders. Neruda died in his house in Isla Negra on 23 September 1973, just hours after leaving the hospital. Although it was long reported that he died of heart failure, the Interior Ministry of the Chilean government issued a statement in 2015 acknowledging a Ministry document indicating the government's official position that \"it was clearly possible and highly likely\" that Neruda was killed as a result of \"the intervention of third parties\". However, an international forensic test conducted in 2013 rejected allegations that he was poisoned and concluded that he was suffering from prostate cancer. Pinochet, backed by elements of the armed forces, denied permission for Neruda's funeral to be made a public event, but thousands of grieving Chileans disobeyed the curfew and crowded the streets.\nNeruda is often considered the national poet of Chile, and his works have been popular and influential worldwide. The Colombian novelist Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez once called him \"the greatest poet of the 20th century in any language\", and Harold Bloom included Neruda as one of the 26 writers central to the Western tradition in his book The Western Canon.", "Q468389": "Iryna Khalip (or Irina Khalip; Belarusian: I\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u043bi\u043f, Russian: \u0418\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043f) (born November 12, 1967) is a Belarusian journalist, reporter and editor in the Minsk bureau of Novaya Gazeta, known for her criticism of Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko.\nFor her journalistic activities she has been regularly harassed, detained, and beaten by the Belarusian KGB and authorities. In May 2011, she was given a two-year suspended prison sentence for her role in protests following the 2010 Belarus election.TIME selected her for the 2005 special issue \"European Heroes\", category \"Brave Hearts\". In 2009 she was awarded the Courage in Journalism Award from the International Women's Media Foundation.\nShe is married to former Belarus presidential candidate Andrei Sannikov, an opposition activist and recipient of the 2005 Bruno Kreisky Award.\n\n", "Q15147": "Jorge Luis Batlle Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8xo\u027exe \u02c8\u03b2a\u028ee i\u02c8\u03b2a\u0272e\u03b8]; Batlle locally [\u02c8ba\u0292e] or [\u02c8ba\u0283e]; 25 October 1927 \u2013 24 October 2016) was a Uruguayan politician and lawyer, and a member of the Colorado Party. He served as the President of Uruguay from 2000 to 2005.\nDr. Jorge Batlle became Uruguayan president on 1 March 2000, after having been elected the previous year by popular vote. He was the fourth Uruguayan President belonging to the Batlle family, one of whom was his own father, Luis Batlle Berres. A name that is closely related to the political history of the country, Batlle began his political career in the 1950s and had served as member of the Uruguayan Congress for the Colorado Party, to which many members of his own family \u2013 which came to the River Plate from the Catalan coast at Sitges, Spain, 200 years ago \u2013 had belonged before him.", "Q812906": "Beaconsfield ( (listen) BEK-\u0259nz-feeld) is a market town and civil parish within the Unitary Authority of Buckinghamshire, England, 23.4 miles (38 km) WNW of central London and 16.0 miles (26 km) SSE of Aylesbury. Three towns are within five miles: Gerrards Cross, Amersham and High Wycombe.\nThe town is adjacent to the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and has a wide area of Georgian, neo-Georgian and Tudor revival high street architecture, known as the Old Town. It is known for the first model village in the world and the National Film and Television School.", "Q984970": "Charles Jasper Glidden (August 29, 1857 \u2013 September 11, 1927) was an American telephone pioneer, financier and supporter of the automobile in the United States. Charles Glidden, with his wife Lucy, were the first (in 1902) to circle the world in an automobile, and repeated the feat in 1908.\n\n", "Q1009785": "\u00c1gnes Gergely (born 1933) is a Hungarian writer, educator, journalist and translator.", "Q621043": "Emory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The university was founded as Emory College in 1836 in Oxford, Georgia, by the Methodist Episcopal Church and was named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory.In 1915, Emory College moved to its present location in Druid Hills and was rechartered as Emory University. Its relocation was funded by Asa Griggs Candler, a businessman and philanthropist who wanted a major university in the city. Emory maintained a presence in Oxford; its institution developed as Oxford College, a residential liberal arts college for the first two years of the Emory baccalaureate degree. The university is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia and among the fifty oldest private universities in the United States.Emory University has nine academic divisions: Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Oxford College, Goizueta Business School, Laney Graduate School, School of Law, School of Medicine, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Rollins School of Public Health, and the Candler School of Theology. Emory University, the Georgia Institute of Technology, and Peking University in Beijing, China jointly administer the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering. The university operates the Confucius Institute in Atlanta in partnership with Nanjing University. Emory has a growing faculty research partnership with the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). Emory University students come from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, five territories of the United States, and over 100 foreign countries.Emory Healthcare is the largest healthcare system in the state of Georgia and comprises seven major hospitals, including the Emory University Hospital and Emory University Hospital Midtown. The university operates the Winship Cancer Institute, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and many disease and vaccine research centers. Emory University is the leading coordinator of the U.S. Health Department's National Ebola Training and Education Center. The university is one of four institutions involved in the NIAID's Tuberculosis Research Units Program. The International Association of National Public Health Institutes is headquartered at the university and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Cancer Society are national affiliate institutions located adjacent to the campus. The university is partnered with the Nobel Peace Prize-winning Carter Center.Emory University has the 17th-largest endowment among U.S. colleges and universities. It is ranked 21st nationally and 73rd globally according to U.S. News & World Report's 2020 rankings. The university is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity\" and is cited for high scientific performance and citation impact in the CWTS Leiden Ranking. The National Science Foundation ranked the university 36th among academic institutions in the United States for research and development (R&D) expenditures. Emory University research is funded primarily by federal government agencies, namely the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In 1995 Emory University was elected to the Association of American Universities, an association of the 62 leading research universities in the United States & Canada.Emory alumni include 2 Prime Ministers, 9 university presidents, 11 members of the United States Congress, 2 Nobel Peace Prize laureates, a Vice President of the United States, a United States Speaker of the House, and a United States Supreme Court Justice. Other notable alumni include Rhodes Scholars, 6 Pulitzer Prize winners, Emmy Award winners, MacArthur Fellows, CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, heads of state and other leaders in foreign government, academics, musicians, and an Olympic medalist. Emory has more than 149,000 alumni, with 75 alumni clubs established worldwide in 20 countries.", "Q469097": "Gloria Lavern Collins (June 12, 1948 \u2013 March 13, 2005), better known as Lyn Collins, was an American soul singer best known for working with James Brown in the 1970s and for the influential 1972 funk single, \"Think (About It)\".", "Q611180": "Ant\u00f3nio Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo GCTE KGF (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8f\u00f5t\u0268\u0283 p\u0268\u02c8\u027e\u0250j\u027e\u0250 d\u0268 \u02c8m\u025blu]; Lisbon, 8 September 1819 \u2013 22 January 1887) was a Portuguese statesman and engineer. He was a leading parliamentarian and political figure of his time. Among other posts held, he was six times Minister of Finance and Minister of Public Works. From 1871 to 1886, he served three times as Prime Minister of Portugal, for a total of 11 years.\nFontes Pereira de Melo is mostly remembered for conducting dynamic industrial and public infrastructure policy which become known as Fontismo (after his name). He also implemented educational reforms in accordance with the industrialization process he initiated (see Instituto Industrial de Lisboa and Escola Industrial do Porto).", "Q244438": "Prosopagnosia (from Greek pr\u00f3s\u014dpon, meaning \"face\", and agn\u014ds\u00eda, meaning \"non-knowledge\"), also called face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one's own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. The term originally referred to a condition following acute brain damage (acquired prosopagnosia), but a congenital or developmental form of the disorder also exists, with a prevalence rate of 2.5%. The specific brain area usually associated with prosopagnosia is the fusiform gyrus, which activates specifically in response to faces. The functionality of the fusiform gyrus allows most people to recognize faces in more detail than they do similarly complex inanimate objects. For those with prosopagnosia, the new method for recognizing faces depends on the less sensitive object-recognition system. The right hemisphere fusiform gyrus is more often involved in familiar face recognition than the left. It remains unclear whether the fusiform gyrus is only specific for the recognition of human faces or if it is also involved in highly trained visual stimuli.\nAcquired prosopagnosia results from occipito-temporal lobe damage and is most often found in adults. This is further subdivided into apperceptive and associative prosopagnosia. In congenital prosopagnosia, the individual never adequately develops the ability to recognize faces.Though there have been several attempts at remediation, no therapies have demonstrated lasting real-world improvements across a group of prosopagnosics. Prosopagnosics often learn to use \"piecemeal\" or \"feature-by-feature\" recognition strategies. This may involve secondary clues such as clothing, gait, hair color, skin color, body shape, and voice. Because the face seems to function as an important identifying feature in memory, it can also be difficult for people with this condition to keep track of information about people, and socialize normally with others. Prosopagnosia has also been associated with other disorders that are associated with nearby brain areas: left hemianopsia (loss of vision from left side of space, associated with damage to the right occipital lobe), achromatopsia (a deficit in color perception often associated with unilateral or bilateral lesions in the temporo-occipital junction) and topographical disorientation (a loss of environmental familiarity and difficulties in using landmarks, associated with lesions in the posterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus and anterior part of the lingual gyrus of the right hemisphere). It is from the Greek: prosopon = \"face\" and agnosia = \"not knowing\".\nThe opposite of prosopagnosia is the skill of superior face recognition ability. People with this ability are called \"super recognizers\".", "Q43301": "Fresno ( FREZ-noh; Spanish: [\u02c8f\u027eezno] for \"ash tree\") is a city in and the county seat of Fresno County, California, United States. It covers about 112 square miles (290 km2) in the center of the San Joaquin Valley, the southern portion of California's Central Valley.\nNamed for the abundant ash trees lining the San Joaquin River, Fresno was founded in 1872 as a railway station of the Central Pacific Railroad before it was incorporated in 1885. The city has since become an economic hub of Fresno County and the San Joaquin Valley, with much of the surrounding areas in the Metropolitan Fresno region predominantly tied to large-scale agricultural production.\nThe population of Fresno grew from 134,000 in 1960 to 428,000 in 2000. With a census-estimated 2018 population of 530,093, Fresno is the fifth-most populous city in California, the most populous inland city in California, and the 34th-most populous city in the nation.\nFresno is near the geographical center of California. It lies approximately 220 miles (350 km) north of Los Angeles, 170 miles (270 km) south of the state capital, Sacramento, and 185 miles (300 km) southeast of San Francisco. Yosemite National Park is about 60 miles (100 km) to the north, Kings Canyon National Park is 60 miles (100 km) to the east, and Sequoia National Park is 75 miles (120 km) to the southeast.", "Q233868": "Elizabeth Lee McGovern (born July 18, 1961) is an American film, television, and theater actor, and musician. She received an Academy Award nomination for her role as Evelyn Nesbit in the 1981 film Ragtime. She is also known for her performance as Cora Crawley, Countess of Grantham, in the British drama series Downton Abbey, for which she has been nominated for an Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award. Her other films include Ordinary People (1980), Once Upon a Time in America (1984), The Handmaid's Tale (1990), The Wings of the Dove (1997) and The Chaperone (2018).", "Q357450": "Soichi Noguchi (\u91ce\u53e3 \u8061\u4e00, Noguchi S\u014dichi, born 15 April 1965 in Yokohama, Japan) is a Japanese aeronautical engineer and JAXA astronaut. His first spaceflight was as a Mission Specialist aboard STS-114 on 26 July 2005 for NASA's first \"return to flight\" Space Shuttle mission after the Columbia disaster. He was most recently in space as part of the Soyuz TMA-17 crew and Expedition 22 to the International Space Station (ISS), returning to Earth on 2 June 2010. He is the fifth Japanese astronaut to fly in space and the fourth to fly on the space shuttle.", "Q57374": "Lale Andersen (23 March 1905 \u2013 29 August 1972) was a German chanson singer-songwriter and actress born in Lehe (now part of Bremerhaven). She is best known for her interpretation of the song Lili Marleen in 1939, which by 1941 transcended the conflict to become World War II's biggest international hit. Popular with both the Axis and the Allies, Andersen's original recording spawned versions, by the end of the War, in most of the major languages of Europe, and by some of the most popular artists in their respective countries.", "Q83643": "Andrey Viktorovich Gubin (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d), real surname Andrey Valerevich Klementyev (\u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432) (born 30 April 1974, Ufa) is a Russian former pop-singer, poet, composer, and record producer.", "Q923271": "Harald Ingemann Nielsen (26 October 1941 \u2013 11 August 2015) was a Danish association footballer who played as a striker. He played professionally for Italian club Bologna F.C. where he was the league top scorer (capocannoniere) in Bologna's 1964 Serie A championship winning season. Harald Nielsen played 14 games for the Denmark national football team in 1959 and 1960, scoring 15 goals, and he was known as Guld-Harald (Gold-Harald). He was a football entrepreneur having continuously worked for the professionalization of both the Danish national team and the national league.", "Q93450": "Leopold Perutz (2 November 1882, Prague \u2013 25 August 1957, Bad Ischl) was an Austrian novelist and mathematician. He was born in Prague (now capital of the Czech Republic) and was thus a citizen of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He lived in Vienna until the Nazi Anschluss in 1938, when he emigrated to Palestine.\nAccording to the biographical note on the Arcade Publishing editions of the English translations of his novels, Leo was a mathematician who formulated an algebraic equation which is named after him; he worked as a statistician for an insurance company. He was related to the biologist Max Perutz.During the 1950s he returned occasionally to Austria, spending the summer and autumn months in the market town of St. Wolfgang in the Salzkammergut resort region and in Vienna. He died in the Austrian spa town of Bad Ischl in 1957. He wrote his first novel, The Third Bullet, in 1915 while recovering from a wound sustained in the First World War. In all Perutz wrote eleven novels, which gained the admiration of Jorge Luis Borges, Italo Calvino, Ian Fleming, Karl Edward Wagner and Graham Greene. Wagner cited Perutz' novel The Master of the Day of Judgement as one of the thirteen best non-supernatural horror novels.", "Q1512146": "Gerhard Merkl (28 February 1961 \u2013 23 January 2016) was the Domkapellmeister at the St. Stephen's Cathedral in Passau from 2000 until 2016.\nMerkl was born in Wallerstein, Bavaria. After he finished school, he studied Roman Catholic church music from 1980 till 1984 at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater M\u00fcnchen. His teacher was Fritz Schieri. After his study he worked as a choirmaster in Munich also for choirs like the \"Laimer Kammerchor M\u00fcnchen\" and leader and docent for several musical events.\nIn 2000, Merkl moved to Passau to work as Domkapellmeister there. In this time he made himself a name as a conductor, teacher and composer. His greatest work is the \u201ePassauer Pastoralmesse\u201c, with several influences of well-known German Christmas carols.\nAt the beginning of 2016, he died in a hospital in Munich due to a long-term disease.", "Q209538": "Iron Man 3 is a 2013 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to Iron Man (2008) and Iron Man 2 (2010), and the seventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Shane Black from a screenplay he co-wrote with Drew Pearce, and stars Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man alongside Gwyneth Paltrow, Don Cheadle, Guy Pearce, Rebecca Hall, St\u00e9phanie Szostak, James Badge Dale, Jon Favreau, and Ben Kingsley. In Iron Man 3, Tony Stark wrestles with the ramifications of the events of The Avengers during a national terrorism campaign on the United States led by the mysterious Mandarin.\nAfter the release of Iron Man 2 in May 2010, director Favreau chose not to return for a third film. Black was hired to write and direct the sequel in February 2011, working with Pearce to make the script more character-centric, focus on thriller elements, and use concepts from Warren Ellis's \"Extremis\" comic book story arc. The film's supporting cast, including Kingsley, Pearce, and Hall, were brought on throughout April and May 2012. Filming took place from May 23 to December 17, 2012, primarily at EUE/Screen Gems Studios in Wilmington, North Carolina. Additional filming took place around North Carolina as well as in Florida, Los Angeles, and China; an extended version of the film specifically for Chinese audiences was created. Seventeen companies provided the film's visual effects.\nIron Man 3 premiered at the Grand Rex in Paris on April 14, 2013, and released in the United States on May 3, as the first film in Phase Two of the MCU. It received praise from critics for its performances, visual effects, action sequences, humor, and Brian Tyler's musical score, while critics and audiences gave a mixed reception to its Mandarin plot twist. The film was a box office success, grossing over $1.2 billion worldwide making it the second highest-grossing film of 2013 and the sixteenth film to gross over $1 billion. At the time it also became the fifth highest-grossing film of all time while its opening weekend became the sixth-highest of all time. The film received Best Visual Effects nominations at the Academy Awards and the BAFTA Awards.", "Q452001": "George Megas Komnenos (Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, Ge\u014drgios Megas Komn\u0113nos), (c. 1255 \u2013 after 1284), Emperor of Trebizond from 1266 to 1280. He was the elder son of Emperor Manuel I and his third wife, Irene Syrikaina, a Trapezuntine noblewoman. He succeeded his half-brother Andronikos in 1266 and ruled for 14 years.", "Q207515": "Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse (, WOOD-howss; 15 October 1881 \u2013 14 February 1975) was an English author and one of the most widely read humorists of the 20th century. Born in Guildford, the third son of a British magistrate based in Hong Kong, Wodehouse spent happy teenage years at Dulwich College, to which he remained devoted all his life. After leaving school, he was employed by a bank but disliked the work and turned to writing in his spare time. His early novels were mostly school stories, but he later switched to comic fiction, creating several regular characters who became familiar to the public over the years. They include the jolly gentleman of leisure Bertie Wooster and his sagacious valet Jeeves; the immaculate and loquacious Psmith; Lord Emsworth and the Blandings Castle set; the Oldest Member, with stories about golf; and Mr. Mulliner, with tall tales on subjects ranging from bibulous bishops to megalomaniac movie moguls.\nMost of Wodehouse's fiction is set in England, although he spent much of his life in the US and used New York and Hollywood as settings for some of his novels and short stories. He wrote a series of Broadway musical comedies during and after the First World War, together with Guy Bolton and Jerome Kern, that played an important part in the development of the American musical. He began the 1930s writing for MGM in Hollywood. In a 1931 interview, his na\u00efve revelations of incompetence and extravagance in the studios caused a furore. In the same decade, his literary career reached a new peak.\nIn 1934 Wodehouse moved to France for tax reasons; in 1940 he was taken prisoner at Le Touquet by the invading Germans and interned for nearly a year. After his release he made six broadcasts from German radio in Berlin to the US, which had not yet entered the war. The talks were comic and apolitical, but his broadcasting over enemy radio prompted anger and strident controversy in Britain, and a threat of prosecution. Wodehouse never returned to England. From 1947 until his death he lived in the US, taking dual British-American citizenship in 1955. He was a prolific writer throughout his life, publishing more than ninety books, forty plays, two hundred short stories and other writings between 1902 and 1974. He died in 1975, at the age of 93, in Southampton, New York.\nWodehouse worked extensively on his books, sometimes having two or more in preparation simultaneously. He would take up to two years to build a plot and write a scenario of about thirty thousand words. After the scenario was complete he would write the story. Early in his career he would produce a novel in about three months, but he slowed in old age to around six months. He used a mixture of Edwardian slang, quotations from and allusions to numerous poets, and several literary techniques to produce a prose style that has been compared to comic poetry and musical comedy. Some critics of Wodehouse have considered his work flippant, but among his fans are former British prime ministers and many of his fellow writers.", "Q444663": "Joseph-Philippe Simon, called Lockroy (February 17, 1803 \u2013 January 19, 1891) was a French actor and playwright.", "Q122063": "Elisabeth Kopp (born 16 December 1936, in Z\u00fcrich) is a Swiss politician and the first woman elected to the Swiss Federal Council (1984\u20131989).", "Q85232": "Celia Lovsky (born C\u00e4cilia Josefina Lvovsky, February 21, 1897 \u2013 October 12, 1979) was an Austrian-American actress. She was born in Vienna, daughter of B\u0159etislav Lvovsky (1857\u20131910), a minor Czech opera composer. She studied theater, dance, and languages at the Austrian Royal Academy of Arts and Music. She is best known to fans of Star Trek as the original T'Pau, and to fans of The Twilight Zone as the aged mother of an eternally youthful Hollywood actress.", "Q1773500": "Jerry Donahue (born September 24, 1946, Manhattan, New York City) is an American guitarist and producer primarily known for his work in the British folk rock scene as a member of Fotheringay and Fairport Convention as well as being a member of the rock guitar trio The Hellecasters.", "Q240886": "Raymond Wallace Bolger (January 10, 1904 \u2013 January 15, 1987) was an American film and television actor, vaudevillian, singer, dancer (particularly of tap) and stage performer (particularly musical theatre) who started in the silent film era. He was a major Broadway performer in the 1930s and beyond (see below). He is best known for his role as the Scarecrow and his Kansas counterpart farm worker \"Hunk\" in MGM's classic The Wizard of Oz (1939) and the villainous Barnaby in Walt Disney's holiday musical fantasy Babes in Toyland. He was also the host of his eponymous television show, The Ray Bolger Show.", "Q79089": "Norbert Gstrein (born 1961) is an Austrian writer. He was born in Mils in Tyrol, and studied mathematics in Innsbruck, Stanford and Erlangen. He completed his PhD in 1988 at the University of Innsbruck, under the supervision of Roman Liedl and Gerhard Frey. He is the author of more than a dozen books, including Winters in the South, translated into English by Anthea Bell and Julian Evans, and A Sense of the Beginning, translated by Julian Evans. Among his numerous awards are the Alfred D\u00f6blin Prize and the Uwe Johnson Prize.", "Q1677014": "John (Jack) Davis, (July 31, 1916 \u2013 March 27, 1991) was a Canadian politician from British Columbia who was elected both federally and provincially.", "Q163759": "The French horn (since the 1930s known simply as the \"horn\" in professional music circles) is a brass instrument made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. The double horn in F/B\u266d (technically a variety of German horn) is the horn most often used by players in professional orchestras and bands. A musician who plays a horn is known as a horn player or hornist.\nPitch is controlled through the combination of the following factors: speed of air through the instrument (controlled by the player's lungs and thoracic diaphragm); diameter and tension of lip aperture (by the player's lip muscles\u2014the embouchure) in the mouthpiece; plus, in a modern horn, the operation of valves by the left hand, which route the air into extra sections of tubing. Most horns have lever-operated rotary valves, but some, especially older horns, use piston valves (similar to a trumpet's) and the Vienna horn uses double-piston valves, or pumpenvalves. The backward-facing orientation of the bell relates to the perceived desirability to create a subdued sound in concert situations, in contrast to the more piercing quality of the trumpet. A horn without valves is known as a natural horn, changing pitch along the natural harmonics of the instrument (similar to a bugle). Pitch may also be controlled by the position of the hand in the bell, in effect reducing the bell's diameter. The pitch of any note can easily be raised or lowered by adjusting the hand position in the bell. The key of a natural horn can be changed by adding different crooks of different lengths.\nThree valves control the flow of air in the single horn, which is tuned to F or less commonly B\u266d. The more common double horn has a fourth, trigger valve, usually operated by the thumb, which routes the air to one set of tubing tuned to F or another tuned to B\u266d which expands the horn range to over four octaves and blends with flutes or clarinets in a woodwind ensemble. Triple horns with five valves are also made, usually tuned in F, B\u266d, and a descant E\u266d or F. There are also double horns with five valves tuned in B\u266d, descant E\u266d or F, and a stopping valve, which greatly simplifies the complicated and difficult hand-stopping technique, though these are rarer. Also common are descant doubles, which typically provide B\u266d and alto F branches.\nA crucial element in playing the horn deals with the mouthpiece. Most of the time, the mouthpiece is placed in the exact center of the lips, but, because of differences in the formation of the lips and teeth of different players, some tend to play with the mouthpiece slightly off center. Although the exact side-to-side placement of the mouthpiece varies for most horn players, the up-and-down placement of the mouthpiece is generally two-thirds on the upper lip and one-third on the lower lip. When playing higher notes, the majority of players exert a small degree of additional pressure on the lips using the mouthpiece. However, this is undesirable from the perspective of both endurance and tone: excessive mouthpiece pressure makes the horn sound forced and harsh, and decreases player's stamina due to the resulting constricted flow of blood to the lips and lip muscles.", "Q115803": "Marcel Pilet-Golaz (31 December 1889 \u2013 11 April 1958) was a Swiss politician. He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 13 December 1928 and handed over office on 31 December 1944. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party.\nDuring his time in office he held the following departments:\n\nDepartment of Home Affairs (1929)\nDepartment of Posts and Railways (1930\u20131939)\nPolitical Department (1940)\nDepartment of Posts and Railways (1940)\nPolitical Department (1941\u20131944)He was President of the Confederation twice in 1934 and 1940.\nPilet-Golaz was said to be a pragmatic politician who tried to negotiate with the German and Italian fascism. He, therefore, had to face the reproach that he sympathized with fascism.\nAs the head of the foreign affairs, he had to find a balance between the German requirements, the objections of the Allies and the will of Switzerland to stay independent. The way he chose, namely to build a relatively good rapport with the Third Reich, was very disputed, during as well as after the war. On 25 June 1940, Pilet-Golaz gave a speech containing numerous references to the coming of an authoritarian regime in Switzerland and to a \"new order\" in Europe. In September, he met with three representatives of the National Movement of Switzerland (Nationale Bewegung der Schweiz/Mouvement national suisse), the Swiss pro-Nazi party (the MNS was disbanded by the Federal government two months later).In 1944, when Pilet-Golaz tried to take up relations with the Soviet Union, the latter refused roughly. So he lost all support and had to resign.\n\n", "Q153856": "Stanis\u0142aw Tadeusz Huskowski (born 24 April 1953 in Wroc\u0142aw) is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 12,334 votes in 3 Wroc\u0142aw district as a candidate from the Civic Platform list.\nHe was also a member of Senate 2001-2005.\n\n", "Q258005": "Arvind Swami (born 18 June 1970) is an Indian film actor, model, entrepreneur and television presenter known for his work in Tamil cinema. He was introduced as an actor by Mani Ratnam with the film Thalapathi (1991) and subsequently starred in successful films such as Roja (1992), Bombay (1995), Minsaara Kanavu (1997) Thani Oruvan (2015), Bogan (2017) and Chekka Chivantha Vaanam (2018).\nSwami also starred in other regional film industries, including Telugu and Malayalam films where he has done films such as Mounam (1995), Daddy (1992) and Devaraagam (1996). He has also appeared in Bollywood, making his appearance in Saat Rang Ke Sapne (1998). Swamy spent a decade in businesses ranging from software engineering, construction, international trade to global outsourcing, before returning to act with works such as Kadal (2013), Thani Oruvan (2015), Dear Dad (2016), Dhruva (2016), Bogan (2017) and Chekka Chivantha Vaanam (2018). He briefly worked as a television presenter as the host of the third season of Neengalum Vellalam Oru Kodi (2012\u20132016) on Star Vijay.", "Q93444": "Hedwig \"Vicki\" Baum (; Hebrew: \u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05dd\u200e; January 24, 1888 \u2013 August 29, 1960) was an Austrian writer. She is known for the novel Menschen im Hotel (\"People at a Hotel\", 1929 \u2014 published in English as Grand Hotel), one of her first international successes. It was made into a 1932 film and a 1989 broadway musical.", "Q172640": "North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) (Vietnamese: Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a), was a state in Southeast Asia from 1954 to 1976.\nDuring the August Revolution following World War II, Vietnamese communist revolutionary H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, leader of the Vi\u1ec7t Minh, declared independence from French Indochina on 2 September 1945, announcing the creation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The Vi\u1ec7t Minh (\"League for the Independence of Vietnam\") was a coalition of multiple Vietnamese nationalist groups, mostly led by communists who increasingly marginalized non-communists in the organisation after the reestablishment of the previously banned Communist Party of Vietnam in February 1951.France moved in to reassert its colonial dominance over Vietnam which led to the First Indochina War in December 1946, a bloody guerrilla war between France and the Vi\u1ec7t Minh. The Vi\u1ec7t Minh captured and controlled most of the rural areas in Vietnam which led to French defeat in 1954. The negotiations in the Geneva Conference that year ended the war and recognized Vietnamese independence. The Geneva Accords provisionally divided the country into a northern and a southern zone along the 17th parallel, stipulating general elections in July 1956 to \"bring about the unification of Viet-Nam\". The northern zone was controlled by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and became commonly called North Vietnam, while the southern zone, under control of the French-established State of Vietnam was commonly called South Vietnam.\nSupervision of the implementation of the Geneva Accords was the responsibility of an international commission consisting of India, Canada, and Poland. The United States did not sign the Geneva Accords and stated that it \"shall continue to seek to achieve unity through free elections supervised by the United Nations to insure that they are conducted fairly\". In July 1955, the prime minister of the State of Vietnam, Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m, announced that South Vietnam would not participate in elections to unify the country. He said that the State of Vietnam had not signed the Geneva Accords and was therefore not bound by it.After the failure to reunify Vietnam by elections, North Vietnam attempted to unify the country by force, leading to the Vietnam War in 1955. The North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam and the South Vietnam-based Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng guerrilla fought against the military of South Vietnam (now the Republic of Vietnam) and were backed by their communist allies, mainly China and the Soviet Union. To prevent a spread of communism in Southeast Asia, the United States intervened in the conflict along with other anti-communist forces such as South Korea, Australia and Thailand, who heavily supported South Vietnam militarily. The conflict spread to neighboring countries and North Vietnam supported the Pathet Lao in Laos and the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia against their respective US-backed governments. By 1973 the United States and its allies had been forced to withdraw from the war, this left South Vietnam alone and it was swiftly overrun by the superior Northern forces.\nThe Vietnam War ended on 30 April 1975 and saw South Vietnam come under the control of a Provisional Revolutionary Government, which led to the reunification of Vietnam on 2 July 1976, creating the Socialist Republic of Vietnam of today. The expanded Socialist Republic retained North Vietnam's political culture under Soviet influence and continued its existing memberships in international organisations such as COMECON.\n\n", "Q314569": "Benjamin McKenzie Schenkkan (born September 12, 1978), is an American actor, writer, and director. His first high profile role was in 2003, starring as Ryan Atwood in the television series The O.C. and subsequently starred as Ben Sherman in Southland. From 2014 to 2019, he starred as James Gordon in the television series Gotham, for which he also wrote and directed episodes.\nMcKenzie's first starring role in a feature film was in the 2008 film adaptation of Dalton Trumbo's Johnny Got His Gun. He also appeared in the films Junebug and 88 Minutes, and voiced Batman in Batman: Year One. In January 2020, McKenzie made his Broadway debut in the Bess Wohl play Grand Horizons.", "Q208632": "It Happened One Night is a 1934 pre-Code American romantic comedy film with elements of screwball comedy directed and co-produced by Frank Capra, in collaboration with Harry Cohn, in which a pampered socialite (Claudette Colbert) tries to get out from under her father's thumb and falls in love with a roguish reporter (Clark Gable). The plot is based on the August 1933 short story \"Night Bus\" by Samuel Hopkins Adams, which provided the shooting title. Classified as a \"pre-Code\" production, the film is among the last romantic comedies created before the MPPDA began rigidly enforcing the 1930 Motion Picture Production Code in July 1934. It Happened One Night was released just four months prior to that enforcement.It Happened One Night is the first of only three films (along with One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and The Silence of the Lambs) to win all five major Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Adapted Screenplay. In 1993, It Happened One Night was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress, being deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" In 2013, the film underwent an extensive restoration by Sony Pictures.", "Q256028": "Rex Reason (November 30, 1928 \u2013 November 19, 2015) was an American actor best known for his role in This Island Earth (1955).", "Q29872": "Die Welt (English: \"The World\") is a German national daily newspaper, published as a broadsheet by Axel Springer SE.", "Q270951": "Alsou Ralifovna Abramova (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0441\u0443\u0301 \u0420\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0444\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430; Tatar: \u0410\u043b\u0441\u0443 \u0420\u04d9\u043b\u0438\u0444 \u043a\u044b\u0437\u044b \u0410\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430; n\u00e9e Safina), better known as just Alsou (\u0410\u043b\u0441\u0443\u0301; born 27 June 1983), is a Russian singer and actress. She represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000 in which she received the 2nd place with the song Solo right after Denmark, giving her recognition across Europe. Alsou hosted the final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 held in Moscow.", "Q707084": "Paul Dennis Miller (born September 6, 1970), known professionally as DJ Spooky, That Subliminal Kid, is an electronic and experimental hip hop musician whose work is often called by critics illbient or trip hop\". He is a turntablist, record producer, philosopher, and author. He borrowed his stage name from the character The Subliminal Kid in the novel Nova Express by William S. Burroughs. Having studied philosophy and French literature at Bowdoin College, he has become a professor of Music Mediated Art at the European Graduate School and is the executive editor of Origin magazine.\n\n", "Q3359001": "Owen Cosby Philipps, 1st Baron Kylsant (25 March 1863 \u2013 5 June 1937) was a British businessman and politician, jailed in 1931 for producing a document with intent to deceive.\n\n", "Q935407": "Aleko Konstantinov (Bulgarian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432) (1 January 1863 \u2013 11 May 1897) (NS: 13 January 1863 \u2013 23 May 1897) was a Bulgarian writer, best known for his character Bay Ganyo, one of the most popular characters in Bulgarian fiction.", "Q41502": "Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz (US: shen-KYAY-vitch, -\u2060KYEV-itch, Polish: [\u02c8x\u025bnr\u0268k \u02c8adam al\u025bk\u02c8sand\u025br \u02c8pjus \u0255\u025bn\u02c8k\u02b2\u025bvit\u0282]; 5 May 1846 \u2013 15 November 1916), also known by the pseudonym Litwos [\u02c8litf\u0254s], was a Polish journalist, novelist and Nobel Prize laureate. He is best remembered for his historical novels, especially for his internationally known best-seller Quo Vadis (1896).\nBorn into an impoverished Polish noble family in Russian-ruled Congress Poland, in the late 1860s he began publishing journalistic and literary pieces. In the late 1870s he traveled to the United States, sending back travel essays that won him popularity with Polish readers. In the 1880s he began serializing novels that further increased his popularity. He soon became one of the most popular Polish writers of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and numerous translations gained him international renown, culminating in his receipt of the 1905 Nobel Prize in Literature for his \"outstanding merits as an epic writer.\"\nMany of his novels remain in print. In Poland he is best known for his \"Trilogy\" of historical novels \u2013 With Fire and Sword, The Deluge, and Sir Michael \u2013 set in the 17th-century Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth; internationally he is best known for Quo Vadis, set in Nero's Rome. The Trilogy and Quo Vadis have been filmed, the latter several times, with Hollywood's 1951 version receiving the most international recognition.", "Q1179504": "DeFord Bailey (December 14, 1899 \u2013 July 2, 1982) was an American country music and blues star from the 1920s until 1941. He was the first performer to be introduced on the Grand Ole Opry and the first African-American performer on the show. He played several instruments but is best known for his harmonica tunes.", "Q953782": "Christopher Caudwell was the pseudonym of Christopher St John Sprigg (20 October 1907 \u2013 13 February 1937), a British Marxist writer.", "Q291205": "Anne Fontaine (born Anne-Fontaine Sibertin-Blanc; 15 July 1959) is a Luxembourger film director, screenwriter, and former actress. She lives and works in France.\n\n", "Q64972": "Maladers is a former municipality in the Plessur Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the former municipality of Maladers merged into Chur.", "Q213574": "Rutger Oelsen Hauer (Dutch: [\u02c8r\u028ftx\u0259r \u02c8uls\u0259(n) \u02c8\u0266\u028cu\u0259r]; 23 January 1944 \u2013 19 July 2019) was a Dutch actor. In 1999, he was named by the Dutch public as the Best Dutch Actor of the Century.Hauer's career began in 1969 with the title role in the Dutch television series Floris and surged with his leading role in Turkish Delight (1973), which in 1999 was named the Best Dutch Film of the Century. After gaining international recognition with Soldier of Orange (1977) and Spetters (1980), he moved into American films such as Nighthawks (1981) and Blade Runner (1982), starring in the latter as self-aware android Roy Batty. His performance in Blade Runner led to roles in films such as The Osterman Weekend (1983), Ladyhawke (1985), The Hitcher (1986), Escape from Sobibor (1987), The Legend of the Holy Drinker (1988), and Blind Fury (1989).\nFrom the 1990s on, Hauer moved into low-budget films, and supporting roles in major films such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992), Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002), Batman Begins and Sin City (both 2005), The Rite (2011), and The Sisters Brothers (2018). Hauer also became well known for his work in commercials. Towards the end of his career, he made a return to Dutch cinema, and won the 2012 Rembrandt Award for Best Actor for his lead role in The Heineken Kidnapping. Outside of acting, he supported environmentalist causes and founded the Rutger Hauer Starfish Association, an AIDS awareness organization. He was made a knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion in 2013.", "Q170057": "Jose Nicol\u00e1s Baltasar Fern\u00e1ndez de Pi\u00e9rola y Villena (known as \"El Califa\" (\"The Caliph\"); January 5, 1839 \u2013 June 23, 1913) was a Peruvian politician and finance minister who served as the 33rd and 39th President of the Republic of Peru, from 1879 to 1881 and 1895 to 1899.\n\n", "Q338083": "Mete Avni S\u00f6zen (22 May 1930 \u2013 5 April 2018) was Kettelhut Distinguished Professor of Structural Engineering at Purdue University, Indiana, United States from 1992 to 2018.\n\n", "Q1773": "Riga (; Latvian: R\u012bga [\u02c8ri\u02d0\u0261a] (listen); Livonian: R\u012bg\u00f5) is the capital of Latvia and is home to 632,614 inhabitants (2019), which is a third of Latvia's population. Being significantly larger than other cities of Latvia, Riga is the country's primate city. It is also the largest city in the three Baltic states and is home to one tenth of the three Baltic states' combined population. The city lies on the Gulf of Riga at the mouth of the Daugava river where it meets the Baltic Sea. Riga's territory covers 307.17 km2 (118.60 sq mi) and lies 1\u201310 m (3 ft 3 in\u201332 ft 10 in) above sea level, on a flat and sandy plain.Riga was founded in 1201 and is a former Hanseatic League member. Riga's historical centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, noted for its Art Nouveau/Jugendstil architecture and 19th century wooden architecture. Riga was the European Capital of Culture in 2014, along with Ume\u00e5 in Sweden. Riga hosted the 2006 NATO Summit, the Eurovision Song Contest 2003, the 2006 IIHF Men's World Ice Hockey Championships and the 2013 World Women's Curling Championship. It is home to the European Union's office of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC).\nIn 2016, Riga received over 1.4 million visitors. The city is served by Riga International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in the Baltic states. Riga is a member of Eurocities, the Union of the Baltic Cities (UBC) and Union of Capitals of the European Union (UCEU).", "Q1507239": "Sir George Herbert Dowty (27 March 1901 \u2013 2 December 1975) was an English inventor and businessman.", "Q535924": "Boris Viktorovich Rauschenbach (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441 \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0430\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0301\u0445, romanized: Bor\u00eds V\u00edktorovi\u010d Rau\u0161enb\u00e1ch; born Boris-Ivar Rauschenbach; 18 January [O.S. 5] 1915, Petrograd \u2013 27 March 2001, Moscow) was a preeminent Soviet physicist and rocket engineer, who developed the theory and instruments for interplanetary flight control and navigation in 1955-1960s. He is also notable for his studies in Christian theology and theory of Art.", "Q171349": "Abbas the Great or Abbas I of Persia (Persian: \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200e; 27 January 1571 \u2013 19 January 1629) was the 5th Safavid Shah (king) of Iran, and is generally considered the strongest ruler of the Safavid dynasty. He was the third son of Shah Mohammad Khodabanda.Although Abbas would preside over the apex of Iran's military, political and economic power, he came to the throne during a troubled time for the Safavid Empire. Under his weak-willed father, the country was riven with discord between the different factions of the Qizilbash army, who killed Abbas' mother and elder brother. Meanwhile, Iran's enemies, the Ottoman Empire (its archrival) and the Uzbeks, exploited this political chaos to seize territory for themselves. In 1588, one of the Qizilbash leaders, Murshid Qoli Khan, overthrew Shah Mohammed in a coup and placed the 16-year-old Abbas on the throne. But Abbas was no puppet and soon seized power for himself.\nUnder his leadership, Iran developed the ghilman system where thousands of Circassian, Georgian, and Armenian slave-soldiers joined the civil administration and the military. With the help of these newly created layers in Iranian society (initiated by his predecessors but significantly expanded during his rule), Abbas managed to eclipse the power of the Qizilbash in the civil administration, the royal house and the military. These actions, as well as his reforms of the Iranian army, enabled him to fight the Ottomans and Uzbeks and reconquer Iran's lost provinces, including Kakheti whose people he subjected to widescale massacres and deportations. By the end of the 1603-1618 Ottoman War, Abbas had regained possession over Transcaucasia and Dagestan, as well as swaths of Eastern Anatolia and Mesopotamia; the latter two were territories which had been lost as a result of the 1555 Peace of Amasya. He also took back land from the Portuguese and the Mughals and expanded Iranian rule and influence in the North Caucasus, beyond the traditional territories of Dagestan.\nAbbas was a great builder and moved his kingdom's capital from Qazvin to Isfahan, making the city the pinnacle of Safavid architecture. In his later years, following a court intrigue involving several leading Circassians, Abbas became suspicious of his own sons and had them killed or blinded.\n\n", "Q298547": "Mukesh Dhirubhai Ambani (born 19 April 1957) is an Indian billionaire business magnate, and the chairman, managing director, and largest shareholder of Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL), a Fortune Global 500 company and India's most valuable company by market value. As of March 2020, Mukesh Ambani is the second richest Asian after Chineese business magnate Jack Ma.", "Q15153": "Carl William Ackerman (January 16, 1890 in Richmond, Indiana \u2013 October 9, 1970 in New York City) was an American journalist, author and educational administrator, the first dean of the Columbia School of Journalism. In 1919, as a correspondent of the Public Ledger of Philadelphia, he published the first excerpts of an English translation of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, but changed the text so that it appeared to be a Bolshevist tract. \nIn 1931, he was appointed as the director of the journalism department, succeeding John William Cunliffe, and became the first dean of the newly established graduate School of Journalism program at Columbia University. He was instrumental in developing the school through its first two decades, as he served in that position until 1954.", "Q166635": "Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, (3 August 1867 \u2013 14 December 1947) was a British Conservative statesman who dominated the government of the United Kingdom between the world wars, serving as prime minister on three occasions.\nBorn to a prosperous family in Bewdley, Worcestershire, Baldwin was educated at Hawtreys, Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He joined the family iron and steel making business and entered the House of Commons in 1908 as the Member of Parliament for Bewdley, succeeding his father Alfred. He served as Financial Secretary to the Treasury (1917\u20131921) and President of the Board of Trade (1921\u20131922) in the coalition ministry of David Lloyd George and then rose rapidly: in 1922, Baldwin was one of the prime movers in the withdrawal of Conservative support from Lloyd George; he subsequently became Chancellor of the Exchequer in Bonar Law's Conservative ministry. Upon Bonar Law's resignation due to health reasons in May 1923, Baldwin became Prime Minister and Leader of the Conservative Party. He called an election in December 1923 on the issue of tariffs and lost the Conservatives' parliamentary majority, after which Ramsay MacDonald formed a minority Labour government.\nAfter winning the 1924 general election, Baldwin formed his second government, which saw important tenures of office by Sir Austen Chamberlain (Foreign Secretary), Winston Churchill (at the Exchequer) and Neville Chamberlain (Health). The latter two ministers strengthened Conservative appeal by reforms in areas formerly associated with the Liberal Party. They included industrial conciliation, unemployment insurance, a more extensive old-age pension system, slum clearance, more private housing and expansion of maternal and childcare. However, continuing sluggish economic growth and declines in mining and heavy industry weakened Baldwin's base of support and his government also saw the General Strike in 1926 and the Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act 1927 to curb the powers of trade unions.Baldwin narrowly lost the 1929 general election and his continued leadership of the party was subject to extensive criticism by the press barons Lord Rothermere and Lord Beaverbrook. In 1931, with the onset of the Great Depression Labour Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald formed a National Government, most of whose ministers were Conservatives, and which won an enormous majority at the 1931 general election. As Lord President of the Council, and one of four Conservatives among the small ten-member Cabinet, Baldwin took over many of the prime minister's duties due to MacDonald's failing health. This government saw an Act delivering increased self-government for India, a measure opposed by Churchill and by many rank-and-file Conservatives. The Statute of Westminster 1931 gave Dominion status to Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, while establishing the first step towards the Commonwealth of Nations. As party leader, Baldwin made many striking innovations, such as clever use of radio and film, that made him highly visible to the public and strengthened Conservative appeal.\nIn 1935, Baldwin officially replaced MacDonald as prime minister, and won the 1935 general election with another large majority. During this time, he oversaw the beginning of the rearmament process of the British military, as well as the abdication crisis of King Edward VIII. Baldwin's third government saw a number of crises in foreign affairs, including the public uproar over the Hoare\u2013Laval Pact, the remilitarisation of the Rhineland and the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. Baldwin retired in 1937 and was succeeded by Neville Chamberlain. At that time, Baldwin was regarded as a popular and successful prime minister, but for the final decade of his life and for many years afterwards he was vilified for having presided over high unemployment in the 1930s and as one of the \"Guilty Men\" who had tried to appease Adolf Hitler and who had supposedly not rearmed sufficiently to prepare for the Second World War. Today, modern scholars generally rank him in the upper half of British prime ministers.", "Q158903": "Shusha (Azerbaijani: \u015eu\u015fa; Russian: \u0428\u0443\u0448\u0430), or Shushi (Armenian: \u0547\u0578\u0582\u0577\u056b), is a city in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh in the South Caucasus. It has been under the control of the self-proclaimed Artsakh Republic since its capture in 1992 during the Nagorno-Karabakh War. However, it is a de jure part of the Republic of Azerbaijan, with the status of an administrative division of the surrounding Shusha Rayon. According to the Resolution No.884 of the United Nations Security Council and the United Nations General Assembly by the Resolution No.62/243, the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan was partially recognized and they include a demand of withdrawal of the Armenian forces. Situated at an altitude of 1,400\u20131,800 metres (4,600\u20135,900 ft) in the Karabakh mountains, Shusha was a mountain recreation resort in the Soviet era.\nAccording to some sources the town of Shusha was founded in 1752 by Panah Ali Khan. From the mid-18th century to 1822 Shusha was the capital of the Karabakh Khanate. The town became one of the cultural centers of the South Caucasus after the Russian conquest of the Caucasus region in the first half of the 19th century over Qajar Iran. Over time, it became a city and a home to many Azerbaijani intellectuals, poets, writers and especially, musicians (e.g., the ashiks, mugham singers, kobuz players).Other sources suggest that Shusha served as a town and an ancient fortress in the Armenian principality of Varanda during the Middle Ages and through the 18th century. It was one of the two main Armenian cities of the Transcaucasus and the center of a self-governing Armenian principality from medieval times through the 1750s. It also had religious and strategic importance to the Armenians, housing the Ghazanchetsots Cathedral, the church of Kanach Zham, two other churches, a monastic convent, and serving (along with Lachin district to the west) as a land link to Armenia.\nThroughout modern history the city mainly fostered a mixed Armenian\u2013Azerbaijani population. Following the Shusha massacre in 1920 by Azerbaijani forces and their Turkish supporters, the Armenian half of the population of the city was mostly killed or expelled, and the city reduced to a town with a dominant Azerbaijani population. After the capture of Shusha in 1992 by Armenian forces, its population diminished dramatically again and is now almost exclusively Armenian.", "Q205316": "Walther Stampfli (3 December 1884 in B\u00fcren, Solothurn \u2013 11 October 1965) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1940\u20131947).\n\nHe was elected to the Federal Council on 18 July 1940 and handed over office on 31 December 1947. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party (FDP/PRD). \nDuring his time in office he was in charge of the Federal Department of Economic Affairs and was President of the Confederation in 1944.\nBetween 1921 and 1940, he worked in the management of Ludwig von Rollschen Eisenwerke. In 1922, he presided the parliament of the Canton of Solothurn. Between 1930 and 1940, Stampfli was a member of the Swiss National Council.\nStampfli was a citizen of Aeschi.", "Q202479": "The Akademio de Esperanto (AdE; English: Academy of Esperanto) is an independent body of enthusiastic Esperanto speakers who steward the evolution of said language by keeping it consistent with the Fundamento de Esperanto in accordance with the Declaration of Boulogne. Modeled somewhat after the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise and the Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola, the Akademio was proposed by L. L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, at the first World Esperanto Congress, and was founded soon thereafter under the name Lingva Komitato (Language Committee). This Committee had a \"superior commission\" called the Akademio. In 1948, within the framework of a general reorganization, the Language Committee and the Academy combined to form the Akademio de Esperanto.The Akademio consists of 45 members and has a president, vice presidents, and a secretary. The corresponding address including e-mail is at the secretary. It is funded by a subsidy from the Universal Esperanto Association and by donations.", "Q340138": "Ace Ventura: Pet Detective is a 1994 American comedy film starring Jim Carrey as Ace Ventura, an animal detective who is tasked with finding the abducted dolphin mascot of the Miami Dolphins football team. The film was directed by Tom Shadyac, who wrote the screenplay with Jack Bernstein and Jim Carrey. The film co-stars Courteney Cox, Tone Loc, Sean Young and former Miami Dolphins quarterback Dan Marino and features a cameo appearance from death metal band Cannibal Corpse.\nMorgan Creek Productions produced the film on a budget of $15 million, and Warner Bros. released the film in February 1994. It grossed $72.2 million in the United States and Canada and $35 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $107.2 million. It received generally unfavorable reviews from critics. Carrey's performance led to the film having a cult following among male adolescents. In addition to launching Carrey's film career, it also spawned the sequel film Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls (1995), the animated TV series Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (three seasons, 1995\u20132000), and later, stand-alone direct-to-video sequel Ace Ventura Jr.: Pet Detective (2009).", "Q7302": "George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (; born Georg Friederich H\u00e4ndel [\u02c8\u0261e\u02d0\u0254\u0281k \u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0d\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8h\u025bndl\u0329] (listen); 23 February 1685 (O.S.) [(N.S.) 5 March] \u2013 14 April 1759) was a German, later British, Baroque composer who spent the bulk of his career in London, becoming well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, concerti grossi and organ concertos. Handel received important training in Halle and worked as a composer in Hamburg and Italy before settling in London in 1712; he became a naturalised British subject in 1727. He was strongly influenced both by the great composers of the Italian Baroque and by the middle-German polyphonic choral tradition.\nWithin fifteen years, Handel had started three commercial opera companies to supply the English nobility with Italian opera. Musicologist Winton Dean writes that his operas show that \"Handel was not only a great composer; he was a dramatic genius of the first order.\" As Alexander's Feast (1736) was well received, Handel made a transition to English choral works. After his success with Messiah (1742) he never composed an Italian opera again. Almost blind, and having lived in England for nearly fifty years, he died in 1759, a respected and rich man. His funeral was given full state honours, and he was buried in Westminster Abbey in London.\nBorn the same year as Johann Sebastian Bach and Domenico Scarlatti, Handel is regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Baroque era, with works such as Messiah, Water Music, and Music for the Royal Fireworks remaining steadfastly popular. One of his four coronation anthems, Zadok the Priest (1727), composed for the coronation of George II, has been performed at every subsequent British coronation, traditionally during the sovereign's anointing. Another of his English oratorios, Solomon (1748), has also remained popular, with the Sinfonia that opens act 3 (known more commonly as \"The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba\") featuring at the 2012 London Olympics opening ceremony. Handel composed more than forty opera serias in over thirty years, and since the late 1960s, with the revival of baroque music and historically informed musical performance, interest in Handel's operas has grown.\n\n", "Q101876": "Hans Reimann (1889\u20131969) was a German satirist, novelist, and playwright. He wrote under the pseudonyms Max Bunge, Hans Heinrich, Artur S\u00fcnder, Hanns Heinz Vampir, and Andreas Zeltner.", "Q383173": "Cach\u00e9 (French: [ka\u0283e]), also known as Hidden, is a 2005 psychological thriller film written and directed by Michael Haneke and starring Daniel Auteuil and Juliette Binoche. The plot follows an upper-middle-class French couple, Georges (Auteuil) and Anne (Binoche), who are terrorised by anonymous tapes that appear on their front porch and seem to show the family is under surveillance. Clues in the videos point to Georges's childhood memories, and his resistance to his parents' adopting an Algerian orphan named Majid, who was sent away. The tapes lead him to the now-grown Majid (Maurice B\u00e9nichou).\nShot in Paris and Vienna in 2004, the film is an international co-production of France, Austria, Germany and Italy. Haneke wrote the screenplay with Auteuil and Binoche in mind, and with a concept of exploring guilt and childhood. When he learned of the French government's decades-long denial of the 1961 Seine River massacre, he incorporated memories of the event into his story.\nCach\u00e9 opened at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival to critical acclaim for the performances and Haneke's direction. Its plot ambiguities raised considerable discussion. The film has been interpreted as an allegory about collective guilt and collective memory, and as a statement on France's Algerian War and colonialism in general. While presented as a mystery, the film does not explicitly reveal which character sends the tapes. Haneke regarded that as of secondary importance to the exploration of guilt and left the question up to viewer interpretation.\nThe film won three awards at Cannes, including Best Director; five European Film Awards, including Best Film; and other honours. It was controversially disqualified for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Cach\u00e9 has been regarded in the years since its release as one of the greatest films of the 2000s, included in BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century.\n\n", "Q184868": "Feodor III Alexeyevich (in Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 III \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447) (9 June 1661 \u2013 7 May 1682) was the Tsar of Russia between 1676 and 1682.", "Q493891": "Yun Chi-chang(\uc724\uce58\ucc3d;\u5c39\u81f4\u660c, 1899\u20131973) was a South Korean diplomat, politician and businessman. Nicknamed Namgye (\ub0a8\uacc4;\u5357\u6842), he was the brother of Yun Chi-wang and half-brother of Yun Chi-ho. \nHe was the Republic of Korea's Ambassador to the United Kingdom (1948\u20131951) and Ambassador extraordinary to the Middle East (1960\u20131961) and Ambassador to Turkey (1961\u20131962).", "Q98511": "Norman Paech (born 12 April 1938, Bremerhaven) is a retired German professor and member of the political party The Left.\n\n", "Q586250": "A prison film is a film genre concerned with prison life and often prison escape. These films range from acclaimed dramas examining the nature of prisons, such as Cool Hand Luke, Midnight Express, Brubaker, Escape from Alcatraz, The Shawshank Redemption, and Kiss of the Spider Woman to actioners like Lock Up and Undisputed, and even comedies satirizing the genre like Stir Crazy, Life, and Let's Go to Prison. Prison films have been asserted to be \"guilty of oversimplifying complex issues, the end result of which is the proliferation of stereotypes\". For example, they are said to perpetuate \"a common misperception that most correctional officers are abusive\", and that prisoners are \"violent and beyond redemption\".", "Q3241882": "Lionel Gu\u00e9rin is a French Chief executive officer and Politician.", "Q97144": "Werner Kurt Armin Meinhof (20 October 1901 \u2013 7 February 1940) was a German art historian of the 20th century.\nMeinhof was born in Halle an der Saale, the son of pastor Johannes Meinhof and brother of Africanist Carl Meinhof. He studied history of art in his hometown under Paul Frankl, where he got to know the painter Walter Timmling and the future art historian Hellmuth Allwill Fritzsche. After obtaining his doctorate, Werner Meinhof served from 1928 as a research assistant at the Oldenburg state museum, and in 1936 became director of the G\u00f6hre city museum in Jena.\nWerner Meinhof married art historian Ingeborg Guthardt (died 1949) with whom he had two daughters, Wienke (born 1931) and Ulrike Meinhof (born 1934), future founding member of the Red Army Faction (RAF). Upon the early death of their parents, both were raised by the historian and \"peace activist\" Renate Riemeck.\nIn 1919 Meinhof joined the national-conservative German National People's Party (DNVP). He came into conflict with Joseph Goebbels in 1933 due to the publication of the essay Film, Kunst, Kitsch, Propaganda (Cinema, Art, Kitsch, Propaganda) by Walter Timmling and Hermann Ulrich in the Der Damm series issued by Werner Meinhof. Their description of propaganda was a \"devil's work\". However Ulrike Meinhof's biographer Jutta Ditfurth stated that Werner Meinhof had joined the Nazi Party by May 1933.", "Q215663": "Christian, Count of Stolberg-Stolberg (15 October 1748 \u2013 18 January 1821) poet, brother of Frederick Leopold, also a poet.\nBorn at Hamburg, he became a magistrate at Tremsb\u00fcttel in Holstein in 1777. Of the two brothers Frederick was undoubtedly the more talented. Christian though not a poet of high originality, excelled in the utterance of gentle sentiment.\nThey published together a volume of poems, Gedichte (edited by H. C. Boie, 1779); Schauspiele mit Ch\u00f6ren (1787), their object in the latter work being to revive a love for the Greek drama; and a collection of patriotic poems Vaterl\u00e4ndische Gedichte (1815).\nChristian of Stolberg was the sole author of Gedichte aus dem Griechischen (1782), a translation of the works of Sophocles (1787) Die weisse Frau (1814) and of a poem in seven ballads, which last attained considerable popularity.\nStolberg was married to Louise Stolberg. He died in Windeby.", "Q8757": "A Coru\u00f1a (Galician: [\u0250 ko\u02c8\u027eu\u0272\u0250]; Spanish: La Coru\u00f1a [la ko\u02c8\u027eu\u0272a]; historical English: Corunna) is a city and municipality of Galicia, Spain. It is the most populated city and the second most populated municipality in the autonomous community and seventeenth overall in the country. The city is the provincial capital of the province of the same name, having also served as political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and as a regional administrative centre between 1833 and 1982, before being replaced by Santiago de Compostela.\nA Coru\u00f1a is a busy port located on a promontory in the Golfo \u00c1rtabro, a large gulf on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the main industrial and financial centre of northern Galicia, and holds the headquarters of the Universidade da Coru\u00f1a.", "Q735036": "Mohamed Hassanein Heikal (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u200e\u200e; 23 September 1923 \u2013 17 February 2016) was an Egyptian journalist. For 17 years (1957\u20131974), he was editor-in-chief of the Cairo newspaper Al-Ahram and has been a commentator on Arab affairs for more than 50 years.Heikal articulated the thoughts of President Gamal Abdel Nasser earlier in his career. He worked as a ghostwriter for the Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser and represented the ideology of pan-Arabism. Heikal has been a member of the Central Committee of the Arab Socialist Union. He was appointed minister of information in 1970 but resigned from government in 1974 over differences with Anwar Sadat.In September 2003, upon reaching the age of 80, Heikal wrote an article in the monthly magazine Weghat Nazar (where he had been writing for some time) that the time has come for an \"old warrior\" to put down his pen and take to the sidelines. Heikal stressed that his decision to stop writing did not mean that he would disappear, but rather take to the sidelines to observe more thoroughly. In the article he also recounted a lot of the events that occurred in his life and formed his experience including his first mission as a reporter in the Second Battle of El Alamein in 1942, his friendship with Nasser and his relationship with Sadat. In addition he opened his financial records stating the salaries he has received in all the jobs and posts he has been assigned to.\nIn a 2007 audience with British journalist Robert Fisk, Heikal spoke about the situation in Egypt and criticized Egyptian president Mubarak, saying that Mubarak lives in a \"world of fantasy\" in Sharm al Sheikh. These comments stirred an uproar within Egyptian society, both for and against Heikal. Heikal did not comment on this criticism except later on Al Jazeera, where he said that he stands by what he has said earlier, adding that Mubarak had not entered political life until very late, which means he lacks necessary experience.\n\n", "Q552001": "Qu Qiubai (Chinese: \u77bf\u79cb\u767d; 29 January 1899 \u2013 18 June 1935) was a leader of the Communist Party of China in the late 1920s. He was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.", "Q53660": "Per Albin Hansson (28 October 1885 \u2013 6 October 1946) was a Swedish politician, chairman of the Social Democrats from 1925 and two-time Prime Minister in four governments between 1932 and 1946, governing all that period save for a short-lived crisis in the summer of 1936, which he ended by forming a coalition government with his main adversary, Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp. During World War II, in which Sweden maintained a policy of neutrality, he presided over a government of national unity that included all major parties in the Riksdag with the exception of the Communist Party. Forging the Social Democratic grip on Swedish politics that would last throughout the century, Hansson left an astounding legacy on his party as well as creating the idea of Sweden to become \"Folkhemmet\", \"The People's Home\". This remained intact until the early 1990s, including a strict policy of neutrality, a wide-stretching welfare state through parliamentary legislation, and reformist social corporatism rather than Marxist socialization of the means of production. Following the war, Hansson formed a Social Democratic cabinet enjoying absolute majority in the Riksdag before succumbing to a heart attack on his way home from work late at night on 6 October 1946.\nDuring Hansson's fourteen years as Prime Minister of Sweden, a wide range of reforms were realised, such as subsidised dental care, income-tested child allowances for invalidity pensioners and widows, maternity allowances through voluntary sickness insurance, and a 1935 law that introduced state subsidies for the construction of apartment houses for families with three or more children, combined with housing allowances for families with more than two children living in these houses.\n\n", "Q234875": "Sandra Dee (born Alexandra Zuck; April 23, 1942 \u2013 February 20, 2005) was an American actress. Dee began her career as a child model, working first in commercials, and then film in her teenage years. Best known for her portrayal of ing\u00e9nues, Dee earned a Golden Globe Award as one of the year's most promising newcomers for her performance in Robert Wise's Until They Sail (1958). She became a teenage star for her subsequent performances in Imitation of Life and Gidget (both 1959), which made her a household name.By the late 1960s, her career had started to decline, and a highly publicized marriage to Bobby Darin (m. 1960\u20131967) ended in divorce. The year of her divorce, Dee's contract with Universal Pictures was dropped. She attempted a comeback with the 1970 independent horror film The Dunwich Horror, but rarely acted after this time, appearing only occasionally in television productions throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Dee's final years were marred by illness, and she died in 2005 of complications from kidney disease, brought on by a lifelong struggle with anorexia nervosa.", "Q928456": "Marc Lawrence (born Max Goldsmith, February 17, 1910 \u2013 November 28, 2005) was an American character actor who specialized in underworld types. He has also been credited as F. A. Foss, Marc Laurence and Marc C. Lawrence.", "Q599416": "Sinop, historically known as Sinope (), is a city with a population of 36,734 on the isthmus of \u0130nce Burun (\u0130nceburun, Cape Ince), near Cape Sinope (Sinop Burnu, Boztepe Cape, Boztepe Burnu) which is situated on the most northern edge of the Turkish side of the Black Sea coast, in the ancient region of Paphlagonia, in modern-day northern Turkey. The city serves as the capital of Sinop Province.", "Q166153": "German studies is the field of humanities that researches, documents, and disseminates German language and literature in both its historic and present forms. Academic departments of German studies often include classes on German culture, German history, and German politics in addition to the language and literature component. Common German names for the field are Germanistik, Deutsche Philologie, and Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft und Literaturwissenschaft. In English the terms Germanistics or Germanics are sometimes used (mostly by Germans), but the subject is more often referred to as German studies, German language and literature, or German philology.\nModern German studies is usually seen as a combination of two sub-disciplines: German linguistics and Germanophone literature studies.", "Q712489": "Henk Badings (h\u0115ngk b\u00e4'd\u012dngz) (17 January 1907 \u2013 26 June 1987) was a Dutch composer.", "Q274289": "Barbara Krafft\u00f3wna (real name Barbara Krafft-Seidner, born 5 December 1928) is a Polish film actress. She has appeared in more than 40 films and television shows since 1953.\n\n", "Q1488078": "Philip Kunia Pahinui (Hawaiian pronunciation: [p\u0250hinui]; April 22, 1921 \u2013 October 13, 1980) was a slack-key guitarist and singer of Hawaiian music.\nBorn into a struggling family, Gabby was born Charles Kapono Kahahawai Jr. and later h\u0101naied with his brother and one of his sisters to Philip and Emily Pahinui and raised in the impoverished district of Kaka'ako in Honolulu in the 1920s (\"all tin roofs and kinda falling apart\"). He spent his childhood supporting his family by selling newspapers and shining shoes. He dropped out of school after 5th grade at Pohukaina School.", "Q317706": "Klaus Bresser (born July 22, 1936) is a German journalist and television presenter.", "Q109594": "Cornelius Nepos (; c. 110 BC \u2013 c. 25 BC) was a Roman biographer. He was born at Hostilia, a village in Cisalpine Gaul not far from Verona.", "Q55211": "Mohsen Makhmalbaf (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0645\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0641\u200e, Mohsen Makhmalbaaf; born May 29, 1957) is an Iranian film director, writer, film editor, and producer. He has made more than 20 feature films, won some 50 awards and been a juror in more than 15 major film festivals. His award-winning films include Kandahar; his latest documentary is The Gardener and latest feature The President.\nMakhmalbaf's films have been widely presented at international film festivals in the past ten years. The director belongs to the new wave movement of Iranian cinema. Time selected Makhmalbaf's 2001 film Kandahar as one of the top 100 films of all time. In 2006, he was a member of the Jury at the Venice Film Festival.\nMakhmalbaf left Iran in 2005 shortly after the election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, sixth President of Iran, and has lived in Paris since the events of the 2009 Iranian presidential election.\n\n", "Q145952": "Luis Rafael de la Trinidad Otilio Ulate Blanco (August 25, 1891 \u2013 October 10, 1973) served as President of Costa Rica from 1949 to 1953. His French heritage comes from his mother, Ermida Blanco. He never married but had two daughters, Olga Marta Ulate Rojas (1937\u20132007) and Maria Ermida Ulate Rojas (1938) with Haydee Rojas Smith (British origins) His disputed election in 1948, whereby he was denied victory by the legislature in favor of Rafael \u00c1ngel Calder\u00f3n Guardia, was the direct cause of Jos\u00e9 Figueres Ferrer's armed uprising of that year and the ensuing 44-day Costa Rican Civil War.\nBlanco started his career in politics as a journalist, director of local newspaper La Tribuna and owner of Diario de Costa Rica, principal newspaper at the time, where he directed his major political campaigns.\nUlate led the opposition party during the February 8th 1948 elections, where he defeated ex President Rafael \u00c1ngel Calder\u00f3n Guardia.His government proved a good handling of economical development, Ulate raised the Consejo Nacional de Produccion (CNP)-National Production Committee-, the Central Bank of de Costa Rica (main financial institution in Costa Rica), the Contraloria General de la Republica (regulates government and public institutions' budgets and expenses), the \"Ley del Aguinaldo\" (law that enforces a 13th month paid salary for all Costa Rican workers during Christmas time), the right for women to vote in National Elections and the foundations for the actual International Juan Santamaria Airport (called \"El Coco\"), despite the fact that many of his achievements were self-recognized by following presidents. During a visit to the penitentiary in San Lucas Island he also ordered the release of Beltr\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s from the unusually public and confined cell President Le\u00f3n Cort\u00e9s Castro had ordered for him and placed him with the other prisoners.\n\n", "Q95753": "Johanna Elisabeth von Staegemann (n\u00e9e Fischer; 11 April 1761 in K\u00f6nigsberg \u2013 11 July 1835 in Berlin), was a German writer, painter, salonist and noble. She held one of the most famous salons of contemporary Germany in K\u00f6nigsberg and Berlin.", "Q506450": "Eppingen is a town in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in southern Germany. The town has the second-largest population in the district.\nEppingen lies in the Kraichgau, a hilly region in southwestern Germany, close to the confluence of the Elsenz and Hilsbach Rivers.", "Q444111": "Yamna Carolina Lobos Astorga (born February 26, 1983) is a popular Chilean dancer, television host, and actress.", "Q85540": "Hans-Peter Mayer (born 5 May 1944, in Riedlingen) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for Lower Saxony from 1999 until 2014. He is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.\nDuring his time in parliament, Mayer sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Legal Affairs and was a member of the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly. He was also a substitute for the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development and the Delegation to the EU-Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Joint Parliamentary Committee.", "Q173238": "Carlos Alberto Reutemann (born April 12, 1942), nicknamed \"Lole\", is an Argentine former racing driver who raced in Formula One from 1972 through 1982, and later became a politician in his native province of Santa Fe, for the Justicialist Party, and governor of Santa Fe in Argentina.\nAs a racing driver, Reutemann was among Formula One's leading protagonists between 1972 and 1982. He scored 12 Grand Prix wins and six pole positions. In 1981 while driving for Williams he finished second in the World Drivers' Championship by one point, having been overtaken in the last race of the season. Reutemann also finished in third overall three times for three separate teams, 1975 for Brabham, 1978 for Ferrari and 1980 for Williams. To date he is the latest Argentine driver to win a Grand Prix.\nIn terms of race wins, his final Ferrari season in 1978 was his most successful with four wins, but he fell short to the consistency of the Lotus team with Mario Andretti and the late Ronnie Peterson and was not in championship contention to the final race. He finished third, just behind Peterson, who had died in an accident at Monza earlier that autumn. In 1981, Reutemann instead relied on consistency, but narrowly lost out to Nelson Piquet for the title.\nHe became the second Formula One driver after Leo Kinnunen to be at the podium of a World Rally Championship event, when he finished third in the 1980 and 1985 editions of Rally Argentina. He was also for three decades the only Formula One driver to score drivers' championship points in both F1 and WRC, until Kimi R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen's eighth place at the 2010 Jordan Rally.As a popular governor and a senator, he has been considered by some, on several occasions, to be a worthy candidate for President, but while he considered running for president in the 2011 Argentine general election he declined to do so.", "Q539878": "Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander (19 April 1909 \u2013 15 February 1974), known as Hugh Alexander and C. H. O'D. Alexander as a pen name, was an Irish-born British cryptanalyst, chess player, and chess writer. He worked on the German Enigma machine at Bletchley Park during the Second World War, and was later the head of the cryptanalysis division at GCHQ for 25 years. In chess, he was twice British chess champion and earned the title of International Master.", "Q6463718": "Luluwah bint Abdulaziz Al Saud (1928 \u2013 17 September 2008) was a member of the House of Saud.", "Q933710": "The Original Dixieland Jass Band (ODJB) was a Dixieland jazz band that made the first jazz recordings in early 1917. Their \"Livery Stable Blues\" became the first jazz record ever issued. The group composed and recorded many jazz standards, the most famous being \"Tiger Rag\". In late 1917 the spelling of the band's name was changed to Original Dixieland Jazz Band.\nThe band consisted of five musicians who had played in the Papa Jack Laine bands. They were a racially integrated group of musicians who played for parades, dances, and advertising in New Orleans.\nODJB billed itself as the Creators of Jazz. It was the first band to record jazz commercially and to have hit recordings in the genre. Band leader and cornetist Nick LaRocca argued that ODJB deserved recognition as the first band to record jazz commercially and the first band to establish jazz as a musical idiom or genre.", "Q257450": "The Mostly Unfabulous Social Life of Ethan Green is a syndicated comic strip drawn by Eric Orner. Appearing in lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender publications, the strip's title character is Ethan Green, a young gay man trying to balance his professional career as a personal assistant with his search for love. It was started in 1989 and ran for 15 years.In 2015, several years after retiring the strip, Orner published the compilation book The Completely Unfabulous Social Life of Ethan Green.", "Q499364": "Andreas Lundstedt (born Bj\u00f6rn Helge Andreas Lundstedt, 20 May 1972) is a Swedish musician, best known as a member of the pop-dance group Alcazar.\n\n", "Q551508": "Sergey Kalyakin (Belarusian: \u041a\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0301\u043a\u0456\u043d \u0421\u044f\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439; born 16 June 1952 in Minsk) is a politician, leader of the Belarusian Left Party \"A Just World\" (until 2009 - the Party of Communists of Belarus).\n\nThe nephew of Mikalay Dzyemyantsyey, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR.\nIn 1977 he graduated from the Minsk Radio Engineering Institute, radio engineer qualification. In 1992 he received a diploma of political scientist at the Belarusian State University. He was a member of the CPSU since 1977. In 1991, he joined the newly formed Communist Party of Belarus.Kalyakin was a candidate for presidency in Belarus in 2001 and one of the potential candidates for the presidency in 2006 (after the defeat in the primaries became the head of the electoral headquarters of Milinkevich). In 2009, he was elected chairman of the Belarusian Left Party \"A Just World\".\nKalyakin runs as a candidate in the Belarusian presidential election of 2015.", "Q1252739": "Jeune Afrique is a French-language pan-African weekly news magazine, founded in 1960 in Tunis and subsequently published in Paris. It is the most widely read pan-African magazine. It is also a book publisher, under the imprint \"Les \u00c9ditions du Jaguar\".Starting in 2000, Jeune Afrique has also maintained a news website.", "Q721043": "Tyrone Davis (born Tyrone D. Fettson or Tyrone D. Branch, May 4, 1938 \u2013 February 9, 2005) was an American blues and soul singer with a long list of hit records over more than 20 years. Davis had three number 1 hits on the Billboard R&B chart: \"Can I Change My Mind\" (1968), \"Turn Back The Hands Of Time\" (1970), and \"Turning Point\" (1975).", "Q526958": "John Milton Miller (22 June 1882 \u2013 17 May 1962) was a noted American electrical engineer, best known for discovering the Miller effect and inventing fundamental circuits for quartz crystal oscillators (Miller oscillators).\nMiller was born in Hanover, Pennsylvania. In 1904 he graduated from Yale University, in 1907 he received an M.A. from Yale, and in 1915 he received his Ph.D. in Physics from Yale. From 1907\u201319 he was a physicist with the National Bureau of Standards, then a radio engineer at the United States Navy's Radio Laboratory (1919\u201323) in Anacostia, District of Columbia, and subsequently at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). From 1925\u201336 he led radio receiver research at the Atwater Kent Manufacturing Company, Philadelphia, and from 1936\u201340 was assistant head of the research laboratory for the RCA Radiotron Company. In 1940 he returned to NRL where he became superintendent of Radio I Division (1945), associate director of research (1951), and scientific research administrator (1952). He married Frances Riley; the couple had seven children \u2014 two girls and five boys.Miller was awarded the Distinguished Civilian Service Award in 1945 for \"initiation of the development of a new flexible radio-frequency cable urgently needed in radio and radar equipment which solved a desperate material shortage in the United States during World War II,\" and the IRE Medal of Honor in 1953 for \"his pioneering contributions to our basic knowledge of electron tube theory, of radio instruments and measurements, and of crystal controlled oscillators.\"", "Q293374": "Kenix Kwok Ho-ying (born 27 November 1969) is a Hong Kong actress with family roots in Zhongshan, Guangdong, China. Along with Maggie Cheung Ho-yee, Ada Choi, Flora Chan and Jessica Hsuan, Kenix is known as one of the Top 5 \"Fa Dans\" (term used for actresses with high popularity) of TVB from the mid-1990s to mid-2000s.", "Q58735": "Lily Rose Beatrice Cooper (n\u00e9e Allen; born 2 May 1985) is an English singer, songwriter, and author. She is the daughter of actor Keith Allen and film producer Alison Owen. Allen left school when she was 15 and concentrated on improving her performing and compositional skills. In 2005, she made some of her recordings public on Myspace and the publicity resulted in airplay on BBC Radio 1 and a contract with Regal Recordings.\nHer first mainstream single, \"Smile\", reached number one on the UK Singles Chart in July 2006. Her debut record, Alright, Still, was well received, selling over 2.6 million copies worldwide and brought Allen a nomination at the Grammy Awards, the Brit Awards, and the MTV Video Music Awards. In 2008, she hosted her own television talk show, Lily Allen and Friends, on BBC Three.\nHer second studio album, It's Not Me, It's You, saw a genre shift, having more of an electropop feel, rather than the ska and reggae influences of the first one. The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and the Australian ARIA Charts and was well received by critics, noting the singer's musical evolution and maturity. It spawned the hit singles \"The Fear\", \u201cNot Fair\u201d and \"Fuck You\". This success saw her receive the Brit Award for British Female Solo Artist at the 2010 Brit Awards. Allen and Amy Winehouse were credited with starting a process that led to the \"year of the women\" media label in 2009 that saw five female artists making music of \"experimentalism and fearlessness\" nominated for the Mercury Prize.After announcing a hiatus from her music career in 2009, Allen launched her own record label, In the Name Of, in 2011. She has released two further albums: Sheezus (2014), which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, and No Shame (2018). In September 2018, Allen released her debut book, My Thoughts Exactly.", "Q66803": "Anwil is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q461391": "Gavin Christopher Newsom (born October 10, 1967) is an American politician and businessman who is the 40th governor of California, serving since January 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 49th lieutenant governor of California from 2011 to 2019 and as the 42nd mayor of San Francisco from 2004 to 2011. He was sworn in as Governor of California on January 7, 2019.Newsom attended Redwood High School, and graduated from Santa Clara University. After graduation, he founded the PlumpJack wine store with family friend Gordon Getty as an investor. The PlumpJack Group grew to manage 23 businesses, including wineries, restaurants, and hotels. Newsom began his political career in 1996 when San Francisco Mayor Willie Brown appointed him to serve on the city's Parking and Traffic Commission. Brown appointed Newsom to fill a vacancy on the Board of Supervisors the following year, and Newsom was later elected to the Board in 1998, 2000, and 2002.\nIn 2003, Newsom was elected the 42nd Mayor of San Francisco, becoming the city's youngest mayor in a century. Newsom was re-elected in 2007 with 72 percent of the vote. He was elected Lieutenant Governor of California in 2010 as the running mate of Jerry Brown, and was re-elected in 2014. In February 2015, Newsom announced his candidacy for Governor of California in the 2018 election. On June 5, 2018, he finished in the top two of the non-partisan blanket primary. Newsom defeated Republican John H. Cox in the general election on November 6.\nNewsom hosted The Gavin Newsom Show on Current TV and wrote the 2013 book Citizenville.", "Q287329": "Lene Grawford Nystr\u00f8m (born 2 October 1973) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter who is the lead vocalist of the Danish eurodance group Aqua.", "Q609095": "Asaf \"Assi\" Dayan (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e1\u05e3 \"\u05d0\u05e1\u05d9\" \u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05df\u200e; 23 November 1945 \u2013 1 May 2014) was an Israeli film director, actor, screenwriter, and producer.\n\n", "Q676899": "The Italy national football team (Italian: Nazionale di calcio dell'Italia) has officially represented Italy in international football since their first match in 1910. The squad is under the global jurisdiction of FIFA and is governed in Europe by UEFA\u2014the latter of which was co-founded by the Italian team's supervising body, the Italian Football Federation (FIGC). Italy's home matches are played at various stadiums throughout Italy, and their primary training ground, Centro Tecnico Federale di Coverciano, is located at the FIGC technical headquarters in Coverciano, Florence.\nItaly is one of the most successful national teams in the history of the World Cup, having won four titles (1934, 1938, 1982, 2006) and appearing in two other finals (1970, 1994), reaching a third place (1990) and a fourth place (1978). In 1938, they became the first team to defend their World Cup title, and due to the outbreak of World War II, retained the title for a further 12 years. Italy had also previously won two Central European International Cups (1927\u201330, 1933\u201335). Between its first two World Cup victories, Italy won the Olympic football tournament (1936). After the majority of the team was killed in a plane crash in 1949, the team did not advance past the group stage of the following two World Cup tournaments, and also failed to qualify for the 1958 edition\u2014failure to qualify for the World Cup would not happen again until the 2018 edition. Italy returned to form by 1968, winning a European Championship (1968), and after a period of alternating unsuccessful qualification rounds in Europe, later appeared in two other finals (2000, 2012). Italy's highest finish at the FIFA Confederations Cup was in 2013, where the squad achieved a third-place finish.\nThe team is known as gli Azzurri (the Blues). Savoy blue is the common colour of the national teams representing Italy, as it is the traditional paint of the royal House of Savoy, which reigned over the Kingdom of Italy from 1860 to 1946. The national team is also known for its long-standing rivalries with other top footballing nations, such as those with Brazil, Croatia, France, Germany and Spain. In the FIFA World Rankings, in force since August 1993, Italy has occupied the first place several times, in November 1993 and during 2007 (February, April\u2013June, September), with its worst placement in August 2018 in 21st place.", "Q982483": "Inabata Katsutaro (\u7a32\u7551\u52dd\u592a\u90ce, Inabata Katsutar\u014d, 30 October 1862 \u2013 29 March 1949) was a Japanese industrialist and film pioneer.\n\n", "Q298209": "Willow Camille Reign Smith (born October 31, 2000), also known mononymously as Willow, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. She is the daughter of Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith, and the younger sister of Jaden Smith. Smith made her acting debut in 2007 in the film I Am Legend and later appeared in Kit Kittredge: An American Girl alongside Abigail Breslin. She received a Young Artist Award for her performance.\nSmith launched her music career in the autumn of 2010 with the release of the singles \"Whip My Hair\" in 2010 and \"21st Century Girl\" in 2011, and signed to her current mentor Jay-Z's record label Roc Nation in 2010, becoming the youngest artist signed to the label. \"Whip My Hair\" peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100. The video was nominated for Video of the Year at the BET Awards of 2011. She released her debut album, Ardipithecus, on December 11, 2015.\n\n", "Q169248": "Rina Kawaei (\u5ddd\u6804 \u674e\u5948, Kawaei Rina, born February 12, 1995, in Kanagawa Prefecture) is a Japanese actress and former singer. She is a former member of team A of the Japanese idol girl group AKB48. She was also in a group called Anrire with AKB48 members Anna Iriyama and Rena Kat\u014d; they were featured in Rino Sashihara's single \"Ikujinashi Masquerade\", which charted at number one in the Japanese Oricon weekly singles chart.", "Q167265": "Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam is a 1987 American documentary film inspired by the anthology of the same title, directed by Bill Couturi\u00e9 in 1987. Using real letters written by American soldiers (which can be read in the book along with many more) and archive footage, the film creates a highly personal experience of the Vietnam War. The film won the Special Jury Prize: Documentary at the Sundance Film Festival in 1988. It was also screened out of competition at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival.Roger Ebert commented, \"There have been many great movies about Vietnam. This is the one that completes the story.\"", "Q597413": "Wildhaus (High Alemannic: Wildhuus) is a village and former municipality in the Toggenburg region of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland, since 2010 by merger with Alt St. Johann part of the municipality of Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann.\nThe reformer Huldrych Zwingli was born in Wildhaus in 1484. His birth house can still be visited.", "Q121230": "R\u00fcdiger Kruse (born 10 June 1961 in Hamburg, West Germany), is a German politician who represents the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) in the Bundestag, the German federal parliament.", "Q89352": "Johann, Hans or Johannes Virdung of Hassfurt was a celebrated astrologer of the early sixteenth century from the Electoral Palatinate. He had an official position at Heidelberg, at the court of the Elector Palatine. He wrote various works under generic names (Prognosticon, Practica), including a millennarian work, Practica von dem Entchrist around 1510.He was a correspondent of Johannes Trithemius. One of the early sources for the Faust legend occurs in a letter of Trithemius to Virdung.Virdung studied at the University of Leipzig beginning in 1481, then in Cracow from 1484 to 1486 or 1487. He returned to Leipzig in 1487, where he graduated as a \"Magister\" in 1491. It has been suggested that Virdung was of the school of the astronomer Albertus de Brudzewo, and had studied with him and Johannes de Glogovia in Cracow.", "Q3623566": "Arne Legernes (born 18 May 1931 in Molde) is a retired Norwegian footballer.\nHe played for Molde, making his senior debut in 1948. His brothers Odd, Bj\u00f8rn and Tore Legernes also played for the club. Because of electrical engineering studies in Trondheim, he transferred to first-tier team Freidig in 1954, but came back to Molde in 1956 and contributed to Molde's promotion to 1957-58 Norwegian Main League. He played one match for Molde in Norwegian Main League against Sandefjord on 28 July 1957, before he moved to Larvik. In Larvik he had gotten a new job and started to play for Larvik Turn, where he played the rest of his active career.Legernes also played for the Norwegian national team 41 times and scored one goal.In 1969, Legernes moved to Asker and became a coach of Stab\u00e6k (from 1970 to 1972 and 1982), Asker and Jevnaker (1984\u20131985)", "Q1869627": "Lonnie Brooks (born Lee Baker Jr., December 18, 1933 \u2013 April 1, 2017) was an American blues singer and guitarist. The musicologist Robert Palmer, writing in Rolling Stone, stated, \"His music is witty, soulful and ferociously energetic, brimming with novel harmonic turnarounds, committed vocals and simply astonishing guitar work.\" Jon Pareles, a music critic for the New York Times, wrote, \"He sings in a rowdy baritone, sliding and rasping in songs that celebrate lust, fulfilled and unfulfilled; his guitar solos are pointed and unhurried, with a tone that slices cleanly across the beat. Wearing a cowboy hat, he looks like the embodiment of a good-time bluesman.\" Howard Reich, a music critic for the Chicago Tribune, wrote, \"...the music that thundered from Brooks' instrument and voice...shook the room. His sound was so huge and delivery so ferocious as to make everything alongside him seem a little smaller.\"", "Q193482": "Neve Adrianne Campbell (; born October 3, 1973) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her starring roles as Julia Salinger on the Fox television drama series Party of Five (1994\u20132000), and as Sidney Prescott in the slasher film franchise Scream (1996\u20132011). \nCampbell had prominent film roles in The Craft (1996), Wild Things, 54 (both 1998), and Three to Tango (1999). Her subsequent film credits include Drowning Mona, Panic (both 2000), The Company, Blind Horizon (both 2003), When Will I Be Loved, Churchill: The Hollywood Years (both 2004), Relative Strangers (2006), Partition, I Really Hate My Job, Closing the Ring (all 2007), Walter (2015), and Skyscraper (2018).\nCampbell is also known for starring as Daisy McKenzie in the Canadian television drama series Catwalk (1992), Olivia Maidstone on the short-lived NBC action drama series The Philanthropist (2009), and LeAnn Harvey on Netflix political thriller series House of Cards (2016\u201317).", "Q99141": "Willi S\u00e4nger (21 May 1894 in Berlin, Germany - 27 November 1944 in Brandenburg, Germany) was a German Communist and resistance fighter against the Nazis.", "Q382523": "Omar Doom (born June 29, 1976) is an American actor, musician and artist. Doom is best known to film audiences for his role as PFC Omar Ulmer in the 2009 film, Inglourious Basterds, directed by Quentin Tarantino.", "Q42745": "Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918 \u2013 May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer. She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in 61 films over 37 years. The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s. She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir Gilda, opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the femme fatale in her first major dramatic role. She is also known for her performances in, Only Angels Have Wings (1939), The Lady from Shanghai (1947), Pal Joey (1957), and Separate Tables (1958). Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, You'll Never Get Rich (1941), and You Were Never Lovelier (1942), once called her his favorite dance partner. She also starred in the Technicolor musical Cover Girl (1944), with Gene Kelly. She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.\nIn 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death at age 68. The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, which was largely unknown by most people at the time, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimer's research.\n\n", "Q234685": "Michelle Jacquet DeSevren Branch (born July 2, 1983) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. During the early 2000s, she released two top-selling albums: The Spirit Room and Hotel Paper. She won a Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals with Santana for \"The Game of Love\".\nIn 2005, she formed the country music duo The Wreckers with friend and fellow musician Jessica Harp, and produced the Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal-nominated single \"Leave the Pieces\". The Wreckers disbanded in 2007 to pursue their respective solo careers. Since then, she released extended plays in 2010 and 2011, and released her third solo album, Hopeless Romantic, on April 7, 2017.", "Q922635": "The Day of the Triffids is a BBC miniseries made in 2009. it is a loose adaptation of John Wyndham's novel of the same title. The novel had previously been adapted in 1962 as a theatrical film and by the BBC in a 1981 series.", "Q501317": "Andreas Zapatinas (1957\u2014 ) is a Greek automobile designer and industrial designer.", "Q125056": "Niklas Frank (born 9 March 1939) is a German author and journalist best known for an intimate and strongly accusatory book about his father, Hans Frank, the lawyer who became Governor-General of German-occupied Poland during World War II.\n\n", "Q624661": "Electronic were an English alternative dance supergroup formed by New Order singer and guitarist Bernard Sumner and ex-Smiths guitarist Johnny Marr. They co-wrote the majority of their output between 1989 and 1998, collaborating with Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe, of Pet Shop Boys, on three tracks in their early years, and former Kraftwerk member Karl Bartos on nine songs in 1995.", "Q3619836": "Antonio Maria Lorgna (1735-1796) or Antonio Mario Lorgna (as he signed his works) was a mathematician from Italy in the 18th century, founder of the Accademia nazionale delle scienze.\n\n", "Q68806": "Cademario is a municipality located in the district of Lugano in the Swiss canton of Ticino. Bordering municipalities are Aranno, Bioggio and Iseo, in the Alto Malcantone area.", "Q186931": "Frank Ignace Georgette Vandenbroucke (Dutch: [\u02c8fr\u0251\u014bk f\u0251nd\u025bn\u02c8bruk\u0259]; born 21 October 1955 in Leuven) is a Belgian, Flemish academic and former politician of the Different Socialist Party (SP.A). His father, Jozue Vandenbroucke (1914\u20131987), was vice-rector of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (medicine).\n\n", "Q77926": "Dorothea Viehmann (November 8, 1755 \u2013 November 17, 1816) was a German storyteller. Her stories were an important source for the fairy tales collected by the Brothers Grimm. Most of Dorothea Viehmann's tales were published in the second volume of Grimms' Fairy Tales.", "Q122739": "Bitch is a female-fronted American heavy metal band, formed in Los Angeles in December 1980. They gained notoriety as a result of their theatrical live performances inspired by Alice Cooper, which featured sadomasochistic themes. Bitch was the first artist ever signed to Metal Blade Records.", "Q3351313": "Olivier Rabourdin (born 3 March 1959) is a French film actor. He has appeared in more than seventy films since 1985. In 2010 he was nominated for a French C\u00e9sar Award in the category of Best Supporting Actor (Meilleur acteur dans un second r\u00f4le) for the role of Christophe in the film Of Gods and Men.\n\n", "Q945876": "The Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes (UGA, French: meaning \"Grenoble Alps University\") is a public research university in Grenoble, France. Founded in 1339, it is the third largest university in France with about 60,000 students and over 3,000 researchers.\nEstablished as the University of Grenoble by Humbert II of Viennois, it split in 1971 following the May 1968 events. Three of the University of Grenoble's inheritors\u2014Joseph Fourier University, Pierre Mend\u00e8s-France University, and Stendhal University\u2014reunited in 2016 to restore the original institution under the name Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes. The university is organized around two closely located urban campuses: Domaine Universitaire of 175 ha which straddles Saint-Martin-d'H\u00e8res and Gi\u00e8res, and Campus GIANT of 250 ha in Grenoble. UGA also owns and operates facilities in Valence, Chamb\u00e9ry, Les Houches, Villar-d'Ar\u00eane, Mirabel, \u00c9chirolles, and La Tronche.The city of Grenoble is one of the largest scientific centers in Europe, hosting facilities of every existing public research institution in France. This allows UGA to have hundreds of research and teaching partnerships, including close collaboration with the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). Overall, Grenoble as a city is the largest research center in France after Paris with 22,800 researchers. In April 2019, UGA is selected to host one of the four French institutes in artificial intelligence.UGA is traditionally known for its research and education in the natural sciences and engineering, but also law, institutional economics, linguistics, and psychology. It has been cited among the best and most innovative universities in Europe. It is also renowned for its academic research in humanities and political sciences, hosting some of the largest research centers in France in fields such as political science, urban planning or the sociology of organizations.\n\n", "Q84676": "Karl Hans Strobl (18 January 1877 (Jihlava) \u2013 10 March 1946 (Perchtoldsdorf)) was an Austrian author and editor. Strobl is best known for his horror and fantasy writings. Strobl was a member of the Nazi Party.", "Q4145": "Patrice Malcolm O'Neal (December 7, 1969 \u2013 November 29, 2011) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, and radio host. He grew up in Boston and developed an interest in stand-up comedy at a young age, first performing in 1992 when his act mainly focused on conversations with his audience.O'Neal became known for his conversational style, deconstructive analysis, and often confrontational point of view in his stand-up routines. His profile rose through appearances on Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn and, from 2002, XM Radio's Opie and Anthony. He hosted The Black Phillip Show on radio from 2006 to 2008. In 2010 O'Neal released his first and only hour-length special, Elephant in the Room for Comedy Central, an uncut version of which was released on CD and DVD. O'Neal died of a stroke resulting from his type 2 diabetes on November 29, 2011, at the age of 41.", "Q181086": "A Clockwork Orange is a 1971 dystopian crime film adapted, produced, and directed by Stanley Kubrick, based on Anthony Burgess's novel A Clockwork Orange. It employs disturbing, violent images to comment on psychiatry, juvenile delinquency, youth gangs, and other social, political, and economic subjects in a dystopian near-future Britain.\nAlex (Malcolm McDowell), the central character, is a charismatic, antisocial delinquent whose interests include classical music (especially Beethoven), committing rape, theft and what is termed \"ultra-violence\". He leads a small gang of thugs, Pete (Michael Tarn), Georgie (James Marcus), and Dim (Warren Clarke), whom he calls his droogs (from the Russian word \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433, \"friend\", \"buddy\"). The film chronicles the horrific crime spree of his gang, his capture, and attempted rehabilitation via an experimental psychological conditioning technique (the \"Ludovico Technique\") promoted by the Minister of the Interior (Anthony Sharp). Alex narrates most of the film in Nadsat, a fractured adolescent slang composed of Slavic (especially Russian), English, and Cockney rhyming slang.\nThe soundtrack to A Clockwork Orange features mostly classical music selections and Moog synthesizer compositions by Wendy Carlos. The artwork for the poster of A Clockwork Orange was created by Philip Castle with the layout by designer Bill Gold.", "Q526970": "Andrew John Partridge (born 11 November 1953) is an English singer, songwriter, and record producer who founded the rock band XTC. He and Colin Moulding each acted as a songwriter and frontman for XTC, with Partridge writing and singing about two-thirds of the group's material. While the band were a formative punk group, Partridge's music drew heavily from British Invasion songwriters, and his style gradually shifted to more traditional pop, often with pastoral themes. The band's only British top-10 hit, \"Senses Working Overtime\" (1982), was written by Partridge.\n\nPartridge is sometimes regarded as the \"godfather\" of Britpop. Since the 1980s, he has worked, written with, or produced for many other recording artists\u2014efforts which include collaborative albums with Peter Blegvad, Harold Budd and Robyn Hitchcock. From 2002 to 2006, Partridge's APE House record label released several volumes of his demos and songs as part of the Fuzzy Warbles album series. Beyond music, he is a graphic illustrator, toy soldier hobbyist, and designer of board games. His son is the web animator Harry Partridge.", "Q354603": "Charles Avery (May 28, 1873 \u2013 July 23, 1926) was an American silent-film actor, film director, and screenwriter.One of the original seven Keystone Kops, Avery directed Roscoe \"Fatty\" Arbuckle in thirty-one comedies while at Keystone Studios.\n\n", "Q312656": "Leonidas Frank \"Lon\" Chaney (April 1, 1883 \u2013 August 26, 1930) was an American stage and film actor, make-up artist, director and screenwriter. He is regarded as one of the most versatile and powerful actors of cinema, renowned for his characterizations of tortured, often grotesque and afflicted characters, and his groundbreaking artistry with makeup. Chaney was known for his starring roles in such silent horror films as The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) and The Phantom of the Opera (1925). His ability to transform himself using makeup techniques he developed earned him the nickname \"The Man of a Thousand Faces\".", "Q77098": "Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (11 August 1778 \u2013 15 October 1852) was a German gymnastics educator and nationalist whose writing is credited with the founding of the German gymnastics (Turner) movement as well as influencing the German Campaign of 1813, during which a coalition of German states effectively ended the occupation of Napoleon's First French Empire. His admirers know him as Turnvater Jahn, roughly meaning \"father of gymnastics\" Jahn.", "Q40634": "Philology is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics. Philology is more commonly defined as the study of literary texts as well as oral and written records, the establishment of their authenticity and their original form, and the determination of their meaning. A person who pursues this kind of study is known as a philologist.\nIn older usage, especially British, philology is more general, covering comparative and historical linguistics.Classical philology studies classical languages. Classical philology principally originated from the Library of Pergamum and the Library of Alexandria around the fourth century BCE, continued by Greeks and Romans throughout the Roman/Byzantine Empire. It was preserved and promoted during the Islamic Golden Age, and eventually resumed by European scholars of the Renaissance, where it was soon joined by philologies of other non-Asian (European) (Germanic, Celtic), Eurasian (Slavistics, etc.), Asian (Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, Chinese, etc.), and African (Egyptian, Nubian, etc.) languages. Indo-European studies involves the comparative philology of all Indo-European languages.\nPhilology, with its focus on historical development (diachronic analysis), is contrasted with linguistics due to Ferdinand de Saussure's insistence on the importance of synchronic analysis. The contrast continued with the emergence of structuralism and Chomskyan linguistics alongside its emphasis on syntax, although research in the field of historical linguistics is often characterized by reliance on philological materials and findings.\n\n", "Q219717": "Christopher Tucker (born August 31, 1971) is an American actor and stand-up comedian. He is known for playing the role of Smokey in F. Gary Gray's Friday and as Detective James Carter in Brett Ratner's Rush Hour film series. He became a frequent stand up performer on Def Comedy Jam in the 1990s. He appeared in Luc Besson's The Fifth Element, Quentin Tarantino's Jackie Brown, David O. Russell's Silver Linings Playbook, and Brett Ratner's Money Talks.", "Q517213": "Andr\u00e9 Borschberg FRSGS (born December 13, 1952) is a Swiss entrepreneur, explorer, pilot and speaker. He is the co-founder of the Solar Impulse project, the first ever round-the-world solar flight, successfully completed in July 2016. During the Japan-to-Hawaii leg, Andr\u00e9 broke the world record for longest solo flight in an airplane of any kind: 117 hours and 52 minutes, breaking Steve Fossett's 2006 record. Before that, on 7 July 2010, Andr\u00e9 completed the first 24-hour solar powered flight. The flight set records for the longest manned solar-powered flight and the greatest height reached by a manned solar aircraft.He currently holds 14 FAI world records in: free distance, free distance along a course, straight distance, straight distance predeclared waypoints, distance along a course, duration, absolute altitude, gain of height.\nHis groundbreaking record: the longest solo flight in an airplane of any kind: 117 hours and 52 minutes.\nBorschberg flew as a jet pilot in the Swiss Air Force prior to his work with Solar Impulse. An engineer by education and a graduate of the MIT Sloan School of Management, Andr\u00e9 Borschberg has solid experience in creating and managing companies. His passion for aviation and his interest in innovative solutions have led him to team up with Bertrand Piccard as CEO, co-founder and pilot of Solar Impulse.\nFor his role in delivering and piloting Solar Impulse, Andr\u00e9 was awarded the prestigious Mungo Park Medal by the Royal Scottish Geographical Society in 2018. This was awarded jointly with Bertrand Piccard.", "Q3331381": "Mykola Prysyazhnyuk (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0436\u043d\u044e\u043a (born 3 January 1960 in Ksaveriv (Zhytomyr Oblast), in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union) is the former Minister of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine.\n\n", "Q16472": "Robert Charles Durman Mitchum (August 6, 1917 \u2013 July 1, 1997) was an American actor, director, author, poet, composer, and singer. Mitchum rose to prominence for starring roles in several classic films noirs, and his acting is generally considered a forerunner of the antiheroes prevalent in film during the 1950s and 1960s. His best-known films include Out of the Past (1947), The Night of the Hunter (1955), Cape Fear (1962), and El Dorado (1966). Mitchum was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for The Story of G.I. Joe (1945).\nHe is also known for his television role as U.S. Navy Captain Victor \u201cPug\u201d Henry in the epic two-part miniseries The Winds of War (1983) and sequel War and Remembrance (1988).\nMitchum is rated number 23 on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest male stars of Classic American Cinema.", "Q1762431": "Michael Stanton Jeffries (born July 15, 1944) is an American businessman. He was chiefly responsible for reestablishing the clothing company Abercrombie & Fitch and developing its modern brand image, and was CEO until 2014.", "Q240662": "Frederik Willem Zeylmans van Emmichoven, (Helmond, November 23, 1893 - Cape Town, November 18, 1961) was a Dutch psychiatrist and anthroposophist. From 1923 until his death in 1961 he was chairman of the Dutch Anthroposophical Society. He was a familiar figure in public life and had a considerable influence on the anthroposophic movement, particularly through his numerous lectures and his work as an author, which included the first biography of Rudolf Steiner.\n\n", "Q445541": "Edmundo Alves de Souza Neto (born 2 April 1971), better known simply as Edmundo, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a forward.\nNicknamed as Animal, Edmundo played for Brazil national team in the victorious 1997 South America Cup, and at the 1998 World Cup, where they finished in second place. With Brazilian side Palmeiras, he won the Brasileir\u00e3o S\u00e9rie A twice in a row, in 1993 and 1994, while with Vasco da Gama he won the 1997 edition, scoring 29 goals; he also had spells in Italy and Japan.\nA talented yet controversial footballing figure, he drew attention both for his skill, as well as for his volatile behaviour, both on and off the pitch.", "Q66195": "Horn is a municipality in the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. Horn is an exclave of Thurgau, enclaved in the canton of St. Gallen.", "Q2252": "Buzz Aldrin (; born Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr.; January 20, 1930) is an American engineer, former astronaut and fighter pilot. Aldrin made three spacewalks as pilot of the 1966 Gemini 12 mission, and as the lunar module pilot on the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, he and mission commander Neil Armstrong were the first two humans to land on the Moon.\nBorn in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, Aldrin graduated third in the class of 1951 from the United States Military Academy at West Point, with a degree in mechanical engineering. He was commissioned into the United States Air Force, and served as a jet fighter pilot during the Korean War. He flew 66 combat missions and shot down two MiG-15 aircraft.\nAfter earning a Sc.D. degree in astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Aldrin was selected as a member of NASA's Astronaut Group 3, making him the first astronaut with a doctoral degree. His doctoral thesis was Line-of-Sight Guidance Techniques for Manned Orbital Rendezvous, earning him the nickname \"Dr. Rendezvous\" from fellow astronauts. His first space flight was in 1966 on Gemini 12 during which he spent over five hours on extravehicular activity. Three years later, Aldrin set foot on the Moon at 03:15:16 on July 21, 1969 (UTC), nineteen minutes after Armstrong first touched the surface, while command module pilot Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit. A Presbyterian elder, Aldrin became the first person to hold a religious ceremony on the Moon when he privately took communion.\nUpon leaving NASA in 1971, Aldrin became Commandant of the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School. He retired from the Air Force in 1972, after 21 years of service. His autobiographies Return to Earth (1973), and Magnificent Desolation (2009), recount his struggles with clinical depression and alcoholism in the years after leaving NASA. He continued to advocate for space exploration, particularly a human mission to Mars, and developed the Aldrin cycler, a special spacecraft trajectory that makes travel to Mars more efficient in regard to time and propellant. He has been accorded numerous honors, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969, and is listed in several Halls of Fame.", "Q56305068": "Kill Six Billion Demons, also referred to as Kill 6 Billion Demons, K6BD, and KSBD, is a fantasy/new weird webcomic, written and illustrated by Tom Parkinson-Morgan under the name \"Abbadon\", about a young woman named Allison Ruth who obtains an extremely powerful magic item when her boyfriend is kidnapped, discovers a world of supernatural beings ruled by seven powerful entities, and must learn to survive in this strange new setting while attempting to rescue her boyfriend, defeat the entities, and figure out her own destiny.\nThe comic began as a \"Choose Your Own Adventure\" thread on the MS Paint Adventures discussion forum in 2012. Parkinson-Morgan converted it into a stand-alone webcomic in 2013, and Image Comics began publishing print compilations in 2016.", "Q19999": "Louis Charles Bernacchi (8 November 1876 \u2013 24 April 1942), a physicist and astronomer, is best known for his role in several expeditions to the Antarctic.", "Q99627": "Oscar Heinrich Daniel Hinsberg (21 October 1857 \u2013 13 February 1939) was a German chemist. \nHinsberg was born in Berlin. In 1882 he obtained his doctorate in sciences at the University of T\u00fcbingen, later serving as a professor at the Universities of Freiburg and Geneva.He is known for research involving synthesis of oxindole, sulfone and thiophene. In 1890 he introduced the \"Hinsberg reaction\", a test used for differentiation of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.", "Q9307": "Galician (, ; galego) is an Indo-European language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch. It is spoken by some 2.4 million people, mainly in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain, where it is official along with Spanish. The language is also spoken in some border zones of the neighboring Spanish regions of Asturias and Castile and Le\u00f3n, as well as by Galician migrant communities in the rest of Spain, in Latin America including Puerto Rico, the United States, Switzerland and elsewhere in Europe.\nModern Galician is part of the West Iberian languages group, a family of Romance languages that includes the Portuguese language, which developed locally from Vulgar Latin and evolved into what modern scholars have called Galician-Portuguese. Dialectal divergences are observable between the northern and southern forms of Galician-Portuguese in 13th-century texts but the two dialects were similar enough to maintain a high level of cultural unity until the middle of the 14th century, producing the medieval Galician-Portuguese lyric. The divergence has continued to this day, producing the modern languages of Galician and Portuguese.The lexicon of Galician is predominantly of Latin extraction, although it also contains a moderate number of words of Germanic and Celtic origin, among other substrates and adstrates, having also received, mainly via Spanish, a number of nouns from Andalusian Arabic.\nThe language is officially regulated in Galicia by the Royal Galician Academy. Other organizations without institutional support, such as the Galician Association of Language and the Galician Academy of the Portuguese Language, include Galician as part of the Portuguese language.", "Q6034": "Dada () or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, with early centers in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland, at the Cabaret Voltaire (circa 1916); New York Dada began circa 1915, and after 1920 Dada flourished in Paris. Developed in reaction to World War I, the Dada movement consisted of artists who rejected the logic, reason, and aestheticism of modern capitalist society, instead expressing nonsense, irrationality, and anti-bourgeois protest in their works. The art of the movement spanned visual, literary, and sound media, including collage, sound poetry, cut-up writing, and sculpture. Dadaist artists expressed their discontent toward violence, war, and nationalism, and maintained political affinities with the radical far-left.\n\nThere is no consensus on the origin of the movement's name; a common story is that the German artist Richard Huelsenbeck slid a paper knife (letter-opener) at random into a dictionary, where it landed on \"dada\", a colloquial French term for a hobby horse. Others note that it suggests the first words of a child, evoking a childishness and absurdity that appealed to the group. Still others speculate that the word might have been chosen to evoke a similar meaning (or no meaning at all) in any language, reflecting the movement's internationalism.The roots of Dada lie in pre-war avant-garde. The term anti-art, a precursor to Dada, was coined by Marcel Duchamp around 1913 to characterize works that challenge accepted definitions of art. Cubism and the development of collage and abstract art would inform the movement's detachment from the constraints of reality and convention. The work of French poets, Italian Futurists and the German Expressionists would influence Dada's rejection of the tight correlation between words and meaning. Works such as Ubu Roi (1896) by Alfred Jarry, and the ballet Parade (1916\u201317) by Erik Satie would also be characterized as proto-Dadaist works. The Dada movement's principles were first collected in Hugo Ball's Dada Manifesto in 1916.\nThe Dadaist movement included public gatherings, demonstrations, and publication of art/literary journals; passionate coverage of art, politics, and culture were topics often discussed in a variety of media. Key figures in the movement included Hugo Ball, Marcel Duchamp, Emmy Hennings, Hans Arp, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Raoul Hausmann, Hannah H\u00f6ch, Johannes Baader, Tristan Tzara, Francis Picabia, Huelsenbeck, George Grosz, John Heartfield, Man Ray, Beatrice Wood, Kurt Schwitters, Hans Richter, Max Ernst, and Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven among others. The movement influenced later styles like the avant-garde and downtown music movements, and groups including Surrealism, nouveau r\u00e9alisme, pop art and Fluxus.", "Q139319": "The Russian Republic (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, tr. Rossiyskaya respublika, IPA: [r\u0250\u02c8s\u02b2ijsk\u0259j\u0259 r\u02b2\u026as\u02c8publ\u02b2\u026ak\u0259]) was a short-lived state which controlled, de jure, the territory of the former Russian Empire after its proclamation by the Russian Provisional Government on 1 September (14 September, N.S.) 1917 in a decree signed by Alexander Kerensky as Minister-President and Alexander Zarudny as Minister of Justice.Less than six weeks later, the Republic was overtaken by the October Revolution beginning on 25 October (7 November, N.S.) and was then superseded by the Russian Soviet Republic.\nThe term \"Russian Republic\" is sometimes used erroneously for the period between the abdication of the Emperor Nicholas II on 3 March 1917 (16 March, N.S) and the declaration of the Republic in September. However, during that period the future status of the monarchy remained unresolved.", "Q28043994": "Ghost Ship is the twelfth book in the NUMA Files series, created by American author Clive Cussler. It was published in May 2014. The novel sees the NUMA team struggling to piece together the causation of a yacht disaster, which leads them into a shadowy conspiracy of state-backed cybercrime.", "Q89434": "Gunther Philipp (8 June 1918 \u2013 2 October 2003) was an Austrian film actor, physician and swimmer.From 1949 to 2002 he appeared as an actor in 147 movies for cinema and television, mainly in comic roles. As an author, Philipp wrote 21 film scripts.", "Q121556": "Nhoah (*1961 in Berlin, unique spelling NHOAH ) is a music producer, composer, DJ and artist who lives and works in Berlin and Vienna.\n\n", "Q379949": "Tristan Bernard (7 September 1866 \u2013 7 December 1947) was a French playwright, novelist, journalist and lawyer.", "Q232592": "Jill Scott (born April 4, 1972) is an American singer-songwriter, model, poet and actress. Her 2000 debut, Who Is Jill Scott? Words and Sounds Vol. 1, went platinum, and the follow-ups Beautifully Human: Words and Sounds Vol. 2 (2004) and The Real Thing: Words and Sounds Vol. 3 (2007) both achieved gold status. She made her cinematic debut in the films Hounddog and Tyler Perry's Why Did I Get Married? in 2007.\nAfter a four-year hiatus from music, Scott released her fourth album, The Light of the Sun, in 2011. In 2014, she starred in the film Get On Up as the second wife of James Brown. She also appeared as the lead role in the BBC/HBO series The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency based on the novels of the same name by Alexander McCall Smith. In 2015, she released her fifth album, Woman.", "Q138007": "Leah Goldberg or Lea Goldberg (Hebrew: \u05dc\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8\u05d2\u200e; May 29, 1911, K\u00f6nigsberg \u2013 January 15, 1970, Jerusalem) was a prolific Hebrew-language poet, author, playwright, literary translator, and comparative literary researcher. \nHer writings are considered classics of Israeli literature.", "Q64782": "John Clopton (February 7, 1756 \u2013 September 11, 1816) was a United States Representative from Virginia.\n\n", "Q311439": "ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is \"the Most Beautiful Sound Next to Silence\", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide.\nIts album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars M\u00fcller.", "Q233854": "Catherine Rosalind Russell (June 4, 1907 \u2013 November 28, 1976) was an American actress, comedian, screenwriter and singer, known for her role as fast-talking newspaper reporter Hildy Johnson in the Howard Hawks screwball comedy His Girl Friday (1940), as well as for her portrayals of Mame Dennis in Auntie Mame (1958) and Rose in Gypsy (1962). A noted comedian, she won all five Golden Globes for which she was nominated. Russell won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1953 for her portrayal of Ruth in the Broadway show Wonderful Town (a musical based on the film My Sister Eileen, in which she also starred). She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress four times throughout her career.\nIn addition to her success as a comedic lead, Russell was known for playing dramatic characters as well, especially wealthy, dignified, ladylike women, being one of the few actresses of her time who regularly played professional women, such as judges, reporters, and psychiatrists. She had a wide career span from the 1930s to the 1970s, and attributed her long career to the fact that, although usually playing classy and glamorous roles, she never became a sex symbol.\n\n", "Q326295": "Plymouth (; historically known as Plimouth and Plimoth) is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts. The town holds a place of great prominence in American history, folklore, and culture, and is known as \"America's Hometown.\" Plymouth was the site of the colony founded in 1620 by the Mayflower Pilgrims, where New England was first established. It is the oldest municipality in New England and one of the oldest in the United States. The town has served as the location of several prominent events, one of the more notable being the First Thanksgiving feast. Plymouth served as the capital of Plymouth Colony from its founding in 1620 until the colony's merger with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691. It is named after Plymouth, England where the Mayflower set sail for America.\nPlymouth is located approximately 40 miles (64 km) south of Boston, Massachusetts in a region known as the South Shore. Throughout the 19th century, the town thrived as a center of rope making, fishing, and shipping, and was home to the Plymouth Cordage Company, formerly the world's largest rope making company. It continues to be an active port, but today its major industry is tourism. The town is served by Plymouth Municipal Airport and contains Pilgrim Hall Museum, the oldest continually operating museum in the United States. It is the largest municipality in Massachusetts by area. The population was 58,271 as of the 2014 U.S. Census. It is one of two county seats of Plymouth County, the other being Brockton.", "Q98539": "Hansj\u00f6rg G\u00f6ritz (English: Hansjoerg Goeritz; born 5 June 1959) is a German-American architect, professor, author and designer associated with pure and minimalist architecture that emphasizes place, space, light and material. For his early works he was awarded one of the most prestigious architecture awards in Germany in 1996, the Development Award Baukunst to the Kunstpreis Berlin by the Academy of Arts, Berlin. In 2013 he was recognized as an Affiliated Fellow to the American Academy in Rome.", "Q1396021": "Susan M. Cameron (born October 31, 1958) is an American businessperson who is the former chairman, president, and CEO of Reynolds American, Inc.", "Q366869": "Robert Lee Hatfield (August 10, 1940 \u2013 November 5, 2003) was an American singer, best known as one half of the Righteous Brothers. He sang the tenor part for the duo, but his most recognizable work is his 1965 recording of \"Unchained Melody\" which he performed as a solo.", "Q441727": "Javiera Contador (born June 17, 1974 in Santiago) is a Chilean actress, comedian and television hostess. She played Quena G\u00f3mez de Larra\u00edn on the television show Casado con Hijos.She studied theatre at Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile. Her first major role was in the telenovela \"Loca Piel\". She was the hostess of \"Si se la Puede Gana\", and along with Ricardo Astorga of \"La Ruta del Nilo\" (2005) and \"La Ruta de Ocean\u00eda\" (2006). Currently, Contador co-hosts Mucho Gusto with Jos\u00e9 Miguel Vi\u00f1uela.\nContador was an active member of the Communist Youth of Chile and the High School Students Federation (FESES) during the 90's.", "Q1662343": "J\u00fcrgen M. Geissinger (born July 24, 1959) is a German technology business executive and Chief Executive Officer of Senvion S.A., a Hamburg based wind turbine manufacturer. Geissinger is best known for his role as the Chief Executive of Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG, a technology conglomerate known for its bearing solutions and precision components for engine and transmission systems for automotive, as well as industrial and aerospace applications. During Geissinger\u2019s tenure as CEO, annual sales have risen more than fivefold. Schaeffler AG, employing over 76,000 people across 180 locations in 50 countries, with annual sales of $14 billion, is also the controlling shareholder of Continental AG with 49.9% of its shares.Labor unions have labeled Geissinger a tough negotiator for saving costs. The German business magazine Capital portrayed him as a \"comeback kid\" after he overcame the challenge posed by the difficult takeover maneuver in 2008 of Continental AG that found itself in peril once Lehman Brothers collapsed and global financial markets were sent into turmoil. He holds a doctorate in engineering from the Fraunhofer Institute.", "Q936132": "Monty Hall (born Monte Halparin; August 25, 1921 \u2013 September 30, 2017) was a Canadian-American game show host, producer, and philanthropist.Hall was widely known as the long-running host of Let's Make a Deal and for the puzzle named after him, the Monty Hall problem.", "Q286745": "Dustin Wallace Milligan (born July 28, 1985) is a Canadian actor, known for his role as Ethan Ward on the teen drama television series 90210 and as Ted Mullens on Schitt's Creek.", "Q379785": "Pompeu Fabra i Poch (Catalan pronunciation: [pum\u02c8p\u025bw \u02c8fa\u03b2\u027e\u0259]; Gr\u00e0cia, Barcelona, 20 February 1868 \u2013 Prada de Conflent, 25 December 1948) was a Spanish engineer and grammarian. He was the main author of the normative reform of contemporary Catalan language.", "Q214227": "Clifford Joseph Harris Jr. (born September 25, 1980), known professionally as T.I. and Tip (often stylized as TIP or T.I.P.), is an American rapper, singer, actor, songwriter, producer, entrepreneur, record executive, and author. Harris signed his first major-label record deal in 1999 with Arista subsidiary LaFace. In 2001, Harris formed the Southern hip hop group P$C, alongside his longtime friends and fellow Atlanta-based rappers Big Kuntry King, Mac Boney, and C-Rod. Upon being released from Arista, Harris signed to Atlantic and subsequently became the co-chief executive officer (CEO) of his own label imprint, Grand Hustle Records, which he launched in 2003. Harris is also known as one of the artists who popularized the hip hop subgenre trap music, along with Jeezy and Gucci Mane.Harris has released ten studio albums, with seven of them reaching the top five of the US Billboard 200 chart. Throughout his career, Harris has also released several highly successful singles, including Billboard Hot 100 number one hits \"Whatever You Like\" and \"Live Your Life\", the later replaced the former atop the chart and helped Harris join a select group of artists to replace themselves at number one and simultaneously occupy the top two positions . Harris began to gain major recognition in 2003 following his first high-profile feature on fellow Atlanta-based rapper Bone Crusher's single \"Never Scared\". Harris earned more prominence with the release of Trap Muzik (2003), which includes the Top 40 songs \"Rubber Band Man\" and \"Let's Get Away\". The next year, Harris appeared on Destiny's Child's international hit \"Soldier\" alongside Lil Wayne, and released his third album Urban Legend (2004). His subsequent albums, King and T.I. vs. T.I.P., generated high record sales and were supported by popular singles, such as \"What You Know\" and \"Big Shit Poppin' (Do It)\", respectively.\nHarris' sixth album, Paper Trail (2008), became his most successful project, with the album being certified gold for first-week sales of over 500,000 copies in the United States, additionally making it his third consecutive number one album. In 2013, Harris was featured on Robin Thicke's single \"Blurred Lines\" alongside Pharrell Williams, which peaked at number one on several major music charts. In November 2013, Harris announced that he had signed with Columbia Records after his 10-year contract with Atlantic came to an end. He released his Columbia debut Paperwork in October 2014. In February 2016, Harris signed a distribution deal with Roc Nation and later another deal with Epic Records in September 2018. The former served as a means to release his political Us or Else EP series, while the latter released his long-delayed tenth album Dime Trap in October of that year. Harris has won three Grammy Awards.\nHarris has served two terms in county jail, twice for probation violations and a federal prison bid for a U.S. federal weapons charge. While serving 11 months in prison, he released his seventh studio album No Mercy (2010). Harris has also had a successful acting career, starring in the films ATL, Takers, Get Hard, Identity Thief, and in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Ant-Man and its sequel. He is also a published author of two novels, Power & Beauty (2011) and Trouble & Triumph (2012), both of which were released to moderate success. Harris has also starred in the American reality television series T.I.'s Road to Redemption, T.I. & Tiny: The Family Hustle, and The Grand Hustle. In 2009, Billboard ranked him as the 27th best artist of the 2000s decade.", "Q291239": "Marguerite Durand (January 24, 1864 \u2013 March 16, 1936) was a French stage actress, journalist, and a leading suffragette. She founded her own newspaper, stood for election, had a pet lion and now has the Biblioth\u00e8que Marguerite Durand named for her.", "Q42037": "Jean-Marie Gustave Le Cl\u00e9zio (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 ma\u0281i \u0261ystav l\u0259 klezjo]; 13 April 1940), usually identified as J. M. G. Le Cl\u00e9zio, is a French writer and professor. The author of over forty works, he was awarded the 1963 Prix Renaudot for his novel Le Proc\u00e8s-Verbal and the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature for his life's work, as an \"author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\".", "Q86713": "Ursula Wolf (born 4 November 1951 in Karlsruhe) is a German philosophy teacher and writer.She has been philosophy teacher at the Free University of Berlin, at the University of Frankfurt, and, now, at the University of Mannheim, where she holds a full professorship in that specialty.Some of her published books are:\n\nDas Tier in der Moral. Vittorio Klosterman, 1990\nPlatons Fr\u00fchdialoge. Rowohlt, 1996\nDie Philosophie und die Frage nach dem guten Leben. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-499-55572-7", "Q30612260": "Brockhampton (stylized in all caps) is an American alternative hip hop band founded as AliveSinceForever in San Marcos, Texas in 2010. In 2014, the band rebranded as Brockhampton. Led by Kevin Abstract and formed partially through the online forum \"KanyeToThe\", Brockhampton is a self-described boy band, so-called in an effort to redefine the term. Complex magazine describes the group as \"gay, black, white, DIY, ambitious, all-inclusive, and would-be pop stars,\" and this diversity is what largely distinguishes their lyrics and sound. The group consists of vocalists Kevin Abstract, Matt Champion, Merlyn Wood, and Dom McLennon, vocalists/producers Joba and Bearface, and producers Romil Hemnani, Jabari Manwa, and Kiko Merley, as well as graphic designer Henock \"HK\" Sileshi, photographer Ashlan Grey, web designer Roberto Ontenient (who also features prominently in voice skits), and manager Jon Nunes.\nThe group released their first mixtape All-American Trash in 2016. Their debut studio album, Saturation, was released on June 9, 2017, followed by Saturation II on August 25 and Saturation III on December 15. On March 30, 2018, Brockhampton announced that they had signed a record deal under the label \nRCA Records. Their fourth album, Iridescence, was released on September 21, 2018 and debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 album chart. The album is also the first in their second trilogy, known as \"The Best Years of Our Lives\".\nOn July 18, 2019, Brockhampton officially announced their fifth album, Ginger, giving it a release date of August. On July 31, they released the first single for the album, titled \"I Been Born Again\", along with a music video. Three more singles with accompanying music videos were released throughout August, leading up to Ginger's release on August 23, 2019.", "Q33816": "Suren Khachatryan (Armenian: \u054d\u0578\u0582\u0580\u0565\u0576 \u053d\u0561\u0579\u0561\u057f\u0580\u0575\u0561\u0576; born August 1, 1956 in Goris), known as Liska, is an Armenian politician and was the governor of the Syunik region of Armenia, a position from which he resigned in 2013, presumably because of a shooting incident near his mansion in Goris. Prior to that, from 1996 to 1999, he was the mayor of Goris. A member of Armenia's Republican Party, Khachatryan was also the deputy to the Armenian National Assembly from 1999 to 2004. He has a wife and four children.On June 2, 2013, Suren Khachatryan's son shot dead Avetiik Budaghyan, the brother of Artak Budaghyan, a Nagorno-Karabakh Republic military unit commander in front of Suren Khachatryan's house in Goris. Khachatryan was forced to resign on June 6, 2013 due to public pressure. He was reappointed as the governor of Syunik Province in September 2014 by the Armenian Prime minister Hovik Abrahamyan.\nPresident of Syunik province council of Yerkrapah.\n\n", "Q254603": "Alice Jeanne Faye (; n\u00e9e Leppert; May 5, 1915 \u2013 May 9, 1998) was an American actress and singer. She sang \"You'll Never Know\", which won its composers the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 1944 Oscars ceremony. Faye introduced the song in the musical film Hello, Frisco, Hello (1943).\nFaye was married twice and had two daughters. She married actor and singer Tony Martin in 1937, and they divorced in 1940. She married actor Phil Harris in 1941, a union which lasted until his death in 1995.", "Q64796": "Versam is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. The municipalities of Valendas, Versam, Safien and Tenna merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Safiental.", "Q215139": "Emily Greene Balch (January 8, 1867 \u2013 January 9, 1961) was an American economist, sociologist and pacifist. Balch combined an academic career at Wellesley College with a long-standing interest in social issues such as poverty, child labor, and immigration, as well as settlement work to uplift poor immigrants and reduce juvenile delinquency.\nShe moved into the peace movement at the start of World War I in 1914, and began collaborating with Jane Addams of Chicago. She became a central leader of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) based in Switzerland, for which she won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946.", "Q833738": "The Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (German: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften), established in 1909 in Heidelberg, Germany, is an assembly of scholars and scientists in the German state of Baden-Wuerttemberg.The Academy is a member of the Union of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities.", "Q184854": "Edward of Woodstock, known to history as the Black Prince (15 June 1330 \u2013 8 June 1376), was the eldest son of King Edward III of England, and thus the heir to the English throne. He died before his father and so his son, Richard II, succeeded to the throne instead. Edward nevertheless earned distinction as one of the most successful English commanders during the Hundred Years' War, being regarded by his English contemporaries as a model of chivalry and one of the greatest knights of his age. He is on the other hand remembered in France for his well documented brutality and the massacres he ordered.Edward was created Duke of Cornwall, the first English dukedom, in 1337. He was guardian of the kingdom in his father's absence in 1338, 1340, and 1342. He was created Prince of Wales in 1343 and knighted by his father at La Hogne in 1346.\nIn 1346 Prince Edward commanded the vanguard at the Battle of Cr\u00e9cy, his father intentionally leaving him to win the battle. He took part in Edward III's 1349 Calais expedition. In 1355 he was appointed the king's lieutenant in Gascony, and ordered to lead an army into Aquitaine on a chevauch\u00e9e, during which he pillaged Avignonet and Castelnaudary, sacked Carcassonne, and plundered Narbonne. The next year (1356) on another chevauch\u00e9e he ravaged Auvergne, Limousin, and Berry but failed to take Bourges. He offered terms of peace to King John II of France, who had outflanked him near Poitiers, but refused to surrender himself as the price of their acceptance. This led to the Battle of Poitiers where his army routed the French and took King John prisoner.\nThe year after Poitiers, Edward returned to England. In 1360 he negotiated the treaty of Bretigny. He was created Prince of Aquitaine and Gascony in 1362, but his suzerainty was not recognised by the lord of Albret or other Gascon nobles. He was directed by his father to forbid the marauding raids of the English and Gascon free companies in 1364. He entered into an agreement with Don Pedro of Castile and Charles II of Navarre, by which Pedro covenanted to mortgage Castro de Urdiales and the province of Biscay to him as security for a loan; in 1366 a passage was thus secured through Navarre. In 1367 he received a letter of defiance from Henry of Trast\u00e1mara, Don Pedro's half-brother and rival. The same year, after an obstinate conflict, he defeated Henry at the Battle of N\u00e1jera. However, after a wait of several months, during which he failed to obtain either the province of Biscay or liquidation of the debt from Don Pedro, he returned to Aquitaine. Prince Edward persuaded the estates of Aquitaine to allow him a hearth tax of ten sous for five years in 1368, thereby alienating the lord of Albret and other nobles. Drawn into open war with Charles V of France in 1369, he took Limoges, where in 1370 he gave orders for an indiscriminate massacre in revenge for the voluntary surrender of that town to the French by its bishop, who had been his private friend.\nPrince Edward returned to England in 1371 and the next year resigned the principality of Aquitaine and Gascony. He led the commons in their attack upon the Lancastrian administration in 1376. He died in 1376 of dysentery and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, where his surcoat, helmet, shield, and gauntlets are still preserved.", "Q233840": "Nicole Avery Cox (born June 2, 1978) is an American actress and comedy writer known mostly for her roles on the television series Unhappily Ever After, Las Vegas, and Nikki.\n\n", "Q2739617": "The Carrier Dome is a 49,250-seat domed sports stadium located on the campus of Syracuse University in the University Hill neighborhood of Syracuse, New York. It is home to the Syracuse Orange football, basketball, and lacrosse teams. The Syracuse Orange men's basketball team drew the highest average home attendance in college basketball in 2015-16, with an average of 26,253. In 2006\u201307, the women's basketball team began playing home games in the Carrier Dome. New York high school football state championships as well as the annual New York State Field Band Conference championships are held in the stadium, as are occasional concerts.\nThe Carrier Dome is the largest domed stadium of any college campus, and the largest domed stadium in the Northeastern United States. It is also the largest on-campus basketball arena in the nation, with a listed capacity of 33,000. However, that number has been exceeded on many occasions with a record attendance of 35,642.", "Q74585": "Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Seidel (25 June 1842, Perlin, Mecklenburg-Schwerin \u2013 7 November 1906, Berlin) was a German engineer, poet and writer.", "Q689859": "The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD; French: Fonds international de d\u00e9veloppement agricole (FIDA)) is an international financial institution and a specialised agency of the United Nations that works to address poverty and hunger in rural areas of developing countries.", "Q312124": "Thomas Anthony Hollander (; born 25 August 1967) is an English actor. He began his career in theatre, winning the Ian Charleson Award in 1992 for his performance as Witwoud in The Way of the World at the Lyric Hammersmith Theatre. He is known for his role in About Time, and in films such as Pirates of the Caribbean and In the Loop and drama films such as Enigma, Pride & Prejudice, Gosford Park, and Hanna, additionally portraying George V in The Lost Prince and The King's Man. He co-wrote and played the lead role in the sitcom Rev., which won the British Academy Television Award for best sitcom in 2011. He also played the lead in the ITV's Doctor Thorne and won the BAFTA Television Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Major Lance \"Corky\" Corkoran in the BBC series The Night Manager.\nHe appeared as Henry Carr in a revival of Tom Stoppard's play Travesties at the Menier Chocolate Factory directed by Patrick Marber, later transferring to the Apollo Theatre in London on the West End and to the American Airlines Theatre on Broadway. Hollander was nominated for an Olivier Award for Best Actor and Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his role in Travesties. Hollander appears as Dr. Sorgh in the film Tulip Fever which was released in September 2017. The screenplay, also by Stoppard, is an adaptation of Deborah Moggach's historical novel. He also appears as Garin in Terry George's historical drama The Promise, his third collaboration with George, who also directed him in Some Mother's Son and Whole Lotta Sole.\nIn January 2016, he became an Honorary Fellow of Selwyn College, Cambridge (his former college).", "Q444893": "Ram\u00f3n G\u00f3mez de la Serna y Puig (3 July 1888 in Madrid \u2013 13 January 1963 in Buenos Aires) was a Spanish writer, dramatist and avant-garde agitator. He strongly influenced surrealist film maker Luis Bu\u00f1uel.\nRam\u00f3n G\u00f3mez de la Serna was especially known for \"Greguer\u00edas\" \u2013 a short form of poetry that roughly corresponds to the one-liner in comedy. The Gregueria is especially able to grant a new and often humorous perspective. Serna published over 90 works in all literary genres. In 1933, he was invited to Buenos Aires. He stayed there during the Spanish Civil War and the following Spanish State and died there.\nSome sample Greguerias:\n\nEl par de huevos que nos tomamos parece que son gemelos, y no son ni primos terceros.\n[The couple of eggs we eat look like identical twins, and they're not even third cousins.]\nEl pavo real es un mito jubilado.\n[The peacock is a retired myth.]\nLas puertas se enfadan con el viento.\n[Doors get angry with the wind.]", "Q962563": "Timothy \"Tim\" Gaines (born Timothy Hagelganz; December 15, 1962) is an American bass guitarist best-known as the long-time bassist for the Christian metal band Stryper until his departure in 2017.", "Q19863310": "Marina N\u00fa\u00f1ez (born 1966) is a Spanish artist, and a professor at the University of Vigo.Her work is included in the collections of Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sof\u00eda in Madrid, Artium in Vitoria, MUSAC in Leon, Patio Herreriano in Valladolid, TEA in Tenerife, Fundaci\u00f3n La Caixa, Fundaci\u00f3n Bot\u00edn, Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington DC, Mint Museum of Art in Charlotte, North Carolina, Katzen Arts Center, American University Museum, in Washington DC, Fonds r\u00e9gional d'art contemporain in Corsica, France.\n\n", "Q726076": "Selena Gomez & the Scene was an American pop rock band from Hollywood, California. Formed in 2008, its last lineup consisted of lead vocalist Selena Gomez, bassist Joey Clement, drummer Greg Garman, keyboardist Dane Forrest, and guitarist Drew Taubenfeld. The band released three studio albums, seven singles and nine music videos. Their debut album, Kiss & Tell, was released on September 29, 2009, debuting at No. 9 on the US Billboard 200 and earning the band a Gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in March 2010. The second single from the album, \"Naturally\", reached the top thirty in the U.S., as well as the top twenty in New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, and Germany. The song has been certified Platinum in the U.S. and Canada. As of 2012, Kiss & Tell has sold over 900,000 copies in the U.S.\nThe band's second album, A Year Without Rain, was released on September 17, 2010, debuting at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and earning the band a second RIAA Gold certification in January 2011. Two singles were released from the album, \"Round & Round\" and \"A Year Without Rain\". As of 2012, the album has sold over 800,000 copies in the U.S.\nThe band's third album, When the Sun Goes Down, was released on June 28, 2011, debuting at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard 200. Its lead single \"Who Says\" received its radio premiere on On Air with Ryan Seacrest on March 8, 2011, followed by a music video premiere on Disney Channel on March 11. The song has been certified Platinum in the U.S. The second single from the album, \"Love You like a Love Song\", was released on June 17, 2011 and was certified 4x Platinum in the U.S. The third and final single from the album was \"Hit the Lights\". The band disbanded when Gomez began focusing on her acting career and solo music career.\nThe band has won numerous awards and accolades since their debut. They have won a total of four Poptastic Awards, including the Best Duo or Group Award. The band has also been nominated for five awards at the MuchMusic Video Awards, and two MTV Europe Music Awards. In 2011, the band won its first People's Choice Award for Breakout Group. In 2012, \"Love You Like a Love Song\" was nominated for an MTV Video Music Award, giving the band their first VMA nomination. The band has also won a total of six Teen Choice Awards since 2010, including Choice Music: Group and Choice Music: Love Song for \"Love You like a Love Song\".", "Q173562": "Arthur Owen (23 March 1915 in Lambeth, London \u2013 27 April 2002 in Vilamoura, Portugal ) was a British racing driver from England. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1960 Italian Grand Prix, driving a privately entered 2.2-litre Cooper. He crashed on the first lap of the race at the South Corner, due to brake failure. He retired with suspension damage and scored no championship points.\nOn 17 October 1955 Arthur Owen, Jim Russell and William Knight drove a 'bobtail' Cooper sports car at the Autodrome de Montlh\u00e9ry to set thirteen international speed and distance records in Class G on this banked track. Owen went on to set further records at Monza in Italy.On 5 September 1959, driving a Cooper-Climax, Owen made fastest time of the day at the Brighton Speed Trials. In 1962, Owen won the British Hill Climb Championship at the wheel of a Cooper-Climax T53, prepared by fellow-competitor Patsy Burt's PMB Garages team. Arthur Owen competed in the 1962 Macau Grand Prix in a Cooper single-seater, qualifying on pole position but crashing early in the race. He finished third in the first Japanese Grand Prix, held at Suzuka on 3 and 4 May 1963, driving a Lotus 23 sports car.", "Q557623": "Nedim \u015eener (IPA: [nedim \u0283ene\u027e]; born 1966 in Germany) is a Turkish writer and journalist who has written for the Milliyet (since 1994) and Posta newspapers. He has received a number of journalism awards, including the Turkish Journalists' Association Press Freedom Award, the International Press Institute's World Press Freedom Heroes award, and PEN Freedom of Expression Award. He is particularly known for his 2009 book on the assassination of Hrant Dink, which showed the role of Turkish security. He is under indictment in the Odatv case of the Ergenekon trials because, he believes, his 2009 book alleged that police officers responsible for the Ergenekon investigation were responsible for the Dink murder.", "Q49162": "Lowell is a city in the U.S. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Located in Middlesex County, Lowell (along with Cambridge) was a county seat until Massachusetts disbanded county government in 1999. With an estimated population of 111,640 in 2018, it was the fourth-largest city in Massachusetts as of the last census and is estimated to be the fifth-largest as of 2018, and the second-largest in the Boston metropolitan statistical area. The city is also part of a smaller Massachusetts statistical area called Greater Lowell, as well as New England's Merrimack Valley region.\nIncorporated in 1826 to serve as a mill town, Lowell was named after Francis Cabot Lowell, a local figure in the Industrial Revolution. The city became known as the cradle of the American Industrial Revolution, due to a large series of textile mills and factories. Many of the Lowell's historic manufacturing sites were later preserved by the National Park Service to create Lowell National Historical Park. During the Cambodian genocide, the city took in an influx of refugees, leading to a Cambodia Town and America's second-largest Cambodian-American population.Lowell is home to two institutions of higher education.", "Q66181": "Grono is a municipality in the Moesa Region in the Italian speaking part of the Swiss canton of Grisons. On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Leggia and Verdabbio merged into the municipality of Grono.", "Q92766": "Robert (Bob) Melancton Metcalfe (born April 7, 1946) is an engineer and entrepreneur from the United States who helped pioneer the Internet starting in 1970. He co-invented Ethernet, co-founded 3Com and formulated Metcalfe's law, which describes the effect of a telecommunications network. Since January 2011, he has been Professor of Innovation and Entrepreneurship at The University of Texas at Austin. He is also the Murchison Fellow of Free Enterprise.Metcalfe has received various awards, including the IEEE Medal of Honor and National Medal of Technology and Innovation for his work developing Ethernet technology.\nIn addition to his accomplishments, Metcalfe has made several predictions which failed to come to pass, separately forecasting the demise of the Internet, wireless networks, and open-source software during the 1990s.\n\n", "Q558510": "John Zachary DeLorean (January 6, 1925 \u2013 March 19, 2005) was an American engineer, inventor, and executive in the U.S. automobile industry, most widely known for his work at General Motors and as founder of the DeLorean Motor Company.DeLorean managed development of a number of vehicles throughout his career, including the Pontiac GTO muscle car, the Pontiac Firebird, Pontiac Grand Prix, Chevrolet Cosworth Vega, and the DMC DeLorean sports car, which was featured in the 1985 film Back to the Future. He was the youngest division head in General Motors history, then broke away to start the DeLorean Motor Company (DMC) in 1973. However, production delays meant that DMC's first car did not reach the consumer market until 1981, where a depressed buying market was compounded by lukewarm reviews from critics and the public. After a year, the DeLorean had failed to recoup its $175 million in investment costs, unsold cars were accumulating, and the company was in dire financial straits.In October 1982, DeLorean was charged with cocaine trafficking after FBI informant James Hoffman solicited him as financier in a scheme to sell 220 lb (100 kg) of cocaine worth approximately $24 million. DMC was insolvent at the time and in debt for $17 million. Hoffman had approached DeLorean, a man whom he barely knew with no prior criminal record, and DeLorean was able to successfully defend himself at trial under the procedural defense of police entrapment. The trial ended in a not guilty verdict in August 1984, by which time DMC had already shut down after declaring bankruptcy.", "Q112188": "Johann Baptist Albin Rauter (4 February 1895 \u2013 24 March 1949) was a high-ranking Austrian-born SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. He was the highest SS and Police Leader in the occupied Netherlands and therefore the leading security and police officer there during the period of 1940\u20131945. Rauter reported directly to the Nazi SS chief, Heinrich Himmler, and also to the Nazi governor of the Netherlands, Arthur Seyss-Inquart. After World War II, he was convicted in the Netherlands of crimes against humanity and executed by firing squad.", "Q125042": "Jan Mili\u010d Lochman (born April 3, 1922 in Nov\u00e9 M\u011bsto nad Metuj\u00ed, Czechoslovakia, \u2020 January 21, 2004 in Basel, Switzerland) was a Czechoslovakian-Swiss Protestant theologian.", "Q200534": "Katherine Matilda Swinton (born 5 November 1960) is a British actress, known for her roles in both independent arthouse films and blockbusters. She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the 2007 film Michael Clayton. She also won the BAFTA Scotland Award for Best Actress for the 2003 film Young Adam, and has received three Golden Globe Award nominations.Swinton began her career in experimental films, directed by Derek Jarman, starting with Caravaggio (1986), followed by The Last of England (1988), War Requiem (1989), and The Garden (1990). Swinton won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival for her portrayal of Isabella of France in Edward II (1991). She next starred in Sally Potter's Orlando (1992), and was nominated for the European Film Award for Best Actress.\nSwinton was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her performance in The Deep End (2001). She followed this with appearances in Vanilla Sky (2001), Adaptation (2002), Constantine (2005), Michael Clayton (2007), Julia (2008), and I Am Love (2009). She won the European Film Award for Best Actress and received a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for the psychological thriller We Need to Talk About Kevin (2011). She is also known for her performance as the White Witch in The Chronicles of Narnia series (2005\u20132010) and the Ancient One in the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise.\nSwinton was given the Richard Harris Award by the British Independent Film Awards in recognition of her contributions to the British film industry. In 2013, she was given a special tribute by the Museum of Modern Art. In 2020, Swinton was named as a recipient of the British Film Institute Fellowship, the highest honour presented by the Institute which honours individuals in \"recognition of their outstanding contribution to film or television culture\".", "Q1976061": "Augustus D. Juilliard (April 19, 1836 \u2013 April 25, 1919) was an American businessman and philanthropist, born at sea as his parents were immigrating to the United States from France. Making a successful career in New York City, he bequeathed much of his estate to the advancement of music in the United States.\nTrustees of his estate set up the Juilliard Foundation in 1920 to accomplish his goals, and in 1924 established The Juilliard School in New York City as a graduate music conservatory. Gradually programs were added in dance and theater.", "Q986829": "Rize (stylized as RIZE) is a Japanese alternative metal band formed in 1997, debuting in 2000 and currently signed with Warner Music Japan. The band currently consists of Jesse McFaddin (lead vocals/guitar), Nobuaki Kaneko (drums), and KenKen (bass). Their music style is a mix of nu metal, alternative rock, punk rock, hard rock and even some reggae flavor. Their song \"ZERO\" from Experience album has been featured on Coca-Cola commercial in Japan and Asian countries.", "Q4894148": "Bernhard Baron (5 December 1850 \u2013 1 August 1929) was a tobacco manufacturer and philanthropist. He was born at Brest-Litovsk (modern Belarus), in poor circumstances, to Jewish parents, and brought up among the Don Cossacks at Rostov. His father took him to the United States when young; and there, after working at a tobacco factory, he began making the newly popularised cigarettes by hand. He invented a cigarette-making machine which he brought back to England and sold for \u00a3160,000. With this money he bought the tobacco business of Mme. Carrera in 1903.\nIn the later years of his life, he engaged in charity on a grand scale, contributing over \u00a3750,000 to hospitals, as well as endowing a trust for the benefit of hospital and asylum patients. He died at Brighton in 1920, and his estate was valued at \u00a35 million. His son Louis Baron was created a Baronet in 1930.\nAmongst the projects supported by the Trust was a cradle-to-grave school in the East End of London, originally established as the St George's Jewish Settlement and run by Basil Henriques and Rose Henriques. With a capacity of over 1,000 pupils it provided everything from kindergarten to adult-literacy. The school, at 71 Henriques Street, still stands and has been converted to flats.\n\n", "Q295739": "John Mark Galecki (born April 30, 1975) is an American actor. He played Leonard Hofstadter in the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory (2007\u20132019) and David Healy in the ABC sitcom Roseanne (1992\u20131997; 2018). Galecki also appeared in the films National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989), Prancer (1989), Suicide Kings (1997), I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997), Bookies (2003), In Time (2011), and Rings (2017).\nGalecki was one of the highest paid television actors in the world, with his role in The Big Bang Theory earning him approximately US$900,000 per episode between 2017 and 2019. In 2018, he was estimated to be the world's second highest-paid TV actor by Forbes, earning $25 million.", "Q70085": "Oeschgen is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q559168": "Jos\u00e9 Ortiz-Echag\u00fce (August 2, 1886 in Guadalajara \u2013 September 7, 1980 in Madrid) was a Spanish entrepreneur, industrial and military engineer, pilot and photographer, founder of Construcciones Aeron\u00e1uticas SA (CASA) and Honorary lifetime President of SEAT (Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Autom\u00f3viles de Turismo). He was also nominated Gentilhombre de c\u00e1mara con ejercicio (Gentleman of the Bedchamber) during the reign of the King of Spain Alfonso XIII.", "Q1392535": "Mohammed Karim Lamrani (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u200e; 1 May 1919 \u2013 20 September 2018) was a Moroccan politician who was the Prime Minister of Morocco for three separate terms.", "Q165466": "\u014cmi Komaki (\u5c0f\u7267 \u8fd1\u6c5f, Komaki \u014cmi, 11 May 1894 \u2013 29 October 1978) was the pen-name of a scholar and translator of French literature in Taish\u014d and Sh\u014dwa period Japan. His real name was Komaki \u014cmiya.", "Q539": "Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi ( GARR-ib-AWL-dee, Italian: [d\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bppe \u0261ari\u02c8baldi] (listen); 4 July 1807 \u2013 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, patriot, and republican. He contributed to the Italian unification and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy. He is considered to be one of the great generals of modern times and one of Italy's \"fathers of the fatherland\", along with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini. Garibaldi is also known as the \"Hero of the Two Worlds\" because of his military enterprises in South America and Europe.Garibaldi was a follower of the Italian nationalist Mazzini, and embraced the republican nationalism of the Young Italy movement. He became a supporter of Italian unification under a democratic Republican government. After participating in an uprising in Piedmont, he was sentenced to death, but escaped by sailing to South America; he spent 14 years in exile, taking part in several wars and learning the art of guerrilla warfare.\nIn 1835, in Brazil, he took up the cause of the Riograndense Republic in its attempt to proclaim another republic within Santa Catarina, joining the rebels known as the Ragamuffins. Garibaldi also became involved in the Uruguayan Civil War, raising an Italian force known as Redshirts, and is still celebrated as an important contributor to Uruguayan independence.\nIn 1848, Garibaldi returned to Italy and commanded and fought in military campaigns that eventually led to Italian unification. The provisional government of Milan made him a general, and in 1849, the Minister of War promoted him to General of the Roman Republic. When the war of independence broke out in April 1859, he led his Hunters of the Alps in the capture of Varese and Como and reached the frontier of South Tyrol; the war ended with the acquisition of Lombardy. The following year, he led the Expedition of the Thousand on behalf of and with the consent of Victor Emmanuel II. The expedition was a success and concluded with the annexation of Sicily, Southern Italy, Marche and Umbria to the Kingdom of Sardinia, before the creation of a unified Kingdom of Italy on 17 March 1861. His last military campaign took place during the Franco-Prussian War, as commander of the Army of the Vosges.\nGaribaldi became an international figurehead for national independence and republican ideals. He was showered with admiration and praises by many intellectuals and political figures, such as Abraham Lincoln, William Brown, Francesco de Sanctis, Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas, George Sand, Charles Dickens, Friedrich Engels, and Che Guevara. Historian A. J. P. Taylor called him \"the only wholly admirable figure in modern history\". In the popular telling of his story, he is associated with the red shirts that his volunteers, the Garibaldini, wore in lieu of a uniform.", "Q236086": "Justin Jitae Chon (born May 29, 1981) is an American actor, director, and YouTube personality. He has directed two films Gook (2017) and Ms. Purple (2019). He is also known for portraying Eric Yorkie in The Twilight Saga film series. He is a member of the K-pop parody group Boys Generally Asian.\n\n", "Q60296": "The Weather Man is a 2005 American comedy-drama film directed by Gore Verbinski, written by Steve Conrad, and starring Nicolas Cage, Michael Caine and Hope Davis. It tells the story of a weatherman in the midst of a mid-life crisis. The film was released on October 28, 2005, and grossed $19 million worldwide.", "Q243419": "Sir Julian Sorell Huxley (22 June 1887 \u2013 14 February 1975) was a British evolutionary biologist, eugenicist, and internationalist. He was a proponent of natural selection, and a leading figure in the mid-twentieth century modern synthesis. He was secretary of the Zoological Society of London (1935\u20131942), the first Director of UNESCO, a founding member of the World Wildlife Fund and the first President of the British Humanist Association.\nHuxley was well known for his presentation of science in books and articles, and on radio and television. He directed an Oscar-winning wildlife film. He was awarded UNESCO's Kalinga Prize for the popularisation of science in 1953, the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society in 1956, and the Darwin\u2013Wallace Medal of the Linnaean Society in 1958. He was also knighted in that same year, 1958, a hundred years after Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace announced the theory of evolution by natural selection. In 1959 he received a Special Award of the Lasker Foundation in the category Planned Parenthood \u2013 World Population. Huxley was a prominent member of the British Eugenics Society and was its president from 1959 to 1962.", "Q117796": "Peter Maurer (born 1956) is the President of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), appointed 1 July 2012. Maurer was born in Thun, Switzerland.", "Q88058": "Evelyn Schlag (born 1952) is an Austrian poet and novelist. She was born and raised in Waidhofen an der Ybbs and studied at the University of Vienna. She lived in Vienna for a few years before moving back to her native Waidhofen, where she continues to live today. Schlag has published more than a dozen books ranging from prose fiction to acclaimed poetry. She has also translated the work of the British poet Douglas Dunn into German.\nSchlag\u2019s novel Die Kr\u00e4nkung was published in English translation under the title Quotations of a Body. Karen Leeder's translation of Schlag's selected poetry won the Schlegel-Tieck Prize.", "Q171413": "Elisha Graves Otis (August 3, 1811 \u2013 April 8, 1861) was an American industrialist, founder of the Otis Elevator Company, and inventor of a safety device that prevents elevators from falling if the hoisting cable fails.", "Q4479105": "Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (Russian: \u0423\u0444\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u041d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 (\u0423\u0413\u041d\u0422\u0423); is a technological university in the city of Ufa.\nIn October 1941, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas was evacuated from Moscow to Ufa. \nHowever, in November 1943 the Gubkin University was returned to Moscow.\nOn 4 October 1948, the Ufa Petroleum Institute emerged on the basis of Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas.\nOn 22 November 1993, Ufa Petroleum Institute was renamed to Ufa State Petroleum Technological University.", "Q1029": "Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique (Portuguese: Mo\u00e7ambique or Rep\u00fablica de Mo\u00e7ambique, Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0281\u025b\u02c8pu\u03b2lik\u0250 \u00f0\u0268 mus\u0250\u0303\u02c8bik\u0268]; Chichewa: Mozambiki; Swahili: Msumbiji; Tsonga: Muzambhiki), is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini (Swaziland) and South Africa to the southwest. The sovereign state is separated from the Comoros, Mayotte and Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east. The capital and largest city of Mozambique is Maputo (formerly known as \"Louren\u00e7o Marques\" from 1876 to 1976).\nBetween the first and fifth centuries AD, Bantu-speaking peoples migrated to present-day Mozambique from farther north and west. Northern Mozambique lies within the monsoon trade winds of the Indian Ocean. Between the 7th and 11th centuries, a series of Swahili port towns developed here, which contributed to the development of a distinct Swahili culture and language. In the late medieval period, these towns were frequented by traders from Somalia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Arabia, Persia, and India.The voyage of Vasco da Gama in 1498 marked the arrival of the Portuguese, who began a gradual process of colonisation and settlement in 1505. After over four centuries of Portuguese rule, Mozambique gained independence in 1975, becoming the People's Republic of Mozambique shortly thereafter. After only two years of independence, the country descended into an intense and protracted civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992. In 1994, Mozambique held its first multiparty elections, and has since remained a relatively stable presidential republic, although it still faces a low-intensity insurgency.Mozambique is endowed with rich and extensive natural resources. The country's economy is based largely on agriculture, but industry is growing, mainly food and beverages, chemical manufacturing and aluminium and petroleum production. The tourism sector is also expanding. South Africa is Mozambique's main trading partner and source of foreign direct investment, while Belgium, Brazil, Portugal and Spain are also among the country's most important economic partners. Since 2001, Mozambique's annual average GDP growth has been among the world's highest. However, the country is still one of the poorest and most underdeveloped countries in the world, ranking low in GDP per capita, human development, measures of inequality and average life expectancy.The only official language of Mozambique is Portuguese, which is spoken mostly as a second language by about half the population. Common native languages include Makhuwa, Sena, and Swahili. The country's population of around 29 million is composed of overwhelmingly Bantu people. The largest religion in Mozambique is Christianity, with significant minorities following Islam and African traditional religions. Mozambique is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organisation of the Islamic Cooperation, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Southern African Development Community, and is an observer at La Francophonie.", "Q505165": "Andrew 'Andy' John Holmes (15 October 1959 \u2013 24 October 2010) was a male British rower.", "Q242707": "Paul Bettany (born 27 May 1971) is a British-American actor. He is known for his role as J.A.R.V.I.S. and Vision in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), and Avengers: Infinity War (2018). He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 (2000), and director Brian Helgeland's film A Knight's Tale (2001). He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films, including A Beautiful Mind (2001), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003), Dogville (2003), Wimbledon (2004), The Da Vinci Code (2006), Margin Call (2011), and Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018).\nHe has been nominated for various awards, including BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. Bettany is married to American actress Jennifer Connelly, with whom he has two children.", "Q864106": "Lake Charles (French: Lac Charles) is the fifth-largest incorporated city in the U.S. state of Louisiana, located on Lake Charles, Prien Lake, and the Calcasieu River. Founded in 1861 in Calcasieu Parish, it is a major industrial, cultural, and educational center in the southwest region of the state.\nAs of the 2010 census, the population was 71,993. Lake Charles is the principal city of the Lake Charles Metropolitan Statistical Area, having a population of 202,040. It is the larger principal city of the Lake Charles-Jennings Combined Statistical Area, with a population of 225,235. The 2010 population of the five-parish area of Southwest Louisiana was 292,619.It is considered a regionally significant center of petrochemical refining, gaming, tourism, and education, being home to McNeese State University and Sowela Technical Community College. Because of the lakes and waterways throughout the city, metropolitan Lake Charles is often referred to as the Lake Area.", "Q385258": "The Swiss People's Party (German: Schweizerische Volkspartei, SVP; Romansh: Partida populara Svizra, PPS), also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre (French: Union d\u00e9mocratique du centre, UDC; Italian: Unione Democratica di Centro, UDC), is a national-conservative, right-wing populist political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Albert R\u00f6sti, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 53 members of the National Council and 6 of the Council of States.\nThe SVP originated in 1971 as a merger of the Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents (BGB) and the Democratic Party, while the BGB in turn had been founded in the context of the emerging local farmers' parties in the late 1910s. The SVP initially didn't witness any increased support beyond that of the BGB, retaining around 11% of the vote through the 1970s and 1980s. This changed however during the 1990s, when the party underwent deep structural and ideological changes under the influence of Christoph Blocher; the SVP then became the strongest party in Switzerland by the 2000s.In line with the changes fostered by Blocher, the party started to focus increasingly on issues such as euroscepticism and opposition to mass immigration. As of 2015 the SVP has 54 seats in the Federal Assembly, and its vote share of 28.9% in the 2007 Federal Council election was the highest vote ever recorded for a single party in Switzerland until 2015, when it surpassed its own record with 29.4%. When Blocher failed to win re-election as a Federal Councillor in 2007, moderates within the party split off, forming the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP).", "Q286023": "Josette Patricia Simon (born 15 November 1960) is a British actress from Leicester of Antiguan descent. She trained for the stage at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London.", "Q1768108": "Climate Alliance of European Cities with Indigenous Rainforest Peoples is a network of local authorities founded in 1990 and committed to the protection of the world's climate. The European Secretariat of Climate Alliance is based in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.\nClimate Alliance has members in Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine.", "Q245068": "A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience by making them laugh. This might be through jokes or amusing situations, or acting foolish (as in slapstick) or employing prop comedy. A comedian who addresses an audience directly is called a stand-up comedian.\nA popular saying, variously quoted but generally attributed to Ed Wynn, is, \"A comic says funny things; a comedian says things funny\", which draws a distinction between how much of the comedy can be attributed to verbal content and how much to acting and persona.\nSince the 1980s, a new wave of comedy, called alternative comedy, has grown in popularity with its more offbeat and experimental style. This normally involves more experiential, or observational reporting, e.g. Alexei Sayle, Daniel Tosh and Malcolm Hardee. As far as content is concerned, comedians such as Tommy Tiernan, Des Bishop, Kevin Hart and Joan Rivers draw on their background to poke fun at themselves, while others such as Jon Stewart, and Ben Elton have very strong political and cultural undertones.\nMany comics achieve a cult following while touring famous comedy hubs such as the Just for Laughs festival in Montreal, the Edinburgh Fringe, and Melbourne Comedy Festival in Australia. Often a comic's career advances significantly when they win a notable comedy award, such as the Edinburgh Comedy Award (formerly the Perrier comedy award). Comics sometimes foray into other areas of entertainment, such as film and television, where they become more widely known; e.g., Eddie Izzard or Ricky Gervais. However, a comic's stand-up success does not guarantee a film's critical or box office success.", "Q96266": "Wulf Kirsten (born 21 June 1934) is a German poet, novelist, and publisher. He is known for his nature poetry and his essays on the history and culture of Saxony.\nThe son of a stonemason, Kirsten was born in Klipphausen, Meissen. He worked as salesman, bookkeeper and labourer before graduating from the Workers' and Farmers' College (Arbeiter- und Bauern-Fakult\u00e4t) of Leipzig in 1960, and then completed a teaching degree in German and Russian in 1964. At the same time he worked on a freelance basis for the compilers of the Dictionary of the Upper Saxon Dialects, providing them with more than a thousand words from his own household.\nAfter obtaining his degree, he worked briefly as a teacher, and then in 1965 moved to Weimar to work for the Aufbau Verlag publishing house, where he would stay until 1987. To further his career as a poet, in the years 1969 and 1970 Kirsten spent nine months studying at the Johannes R. Becher Institute of Literature, under the tutelage of Heinz Czechowski and Georg Maurer.\nBetween 1968 and 1977, he wrote several volumes of poetry, followed in 1984 by a volume of two prose works. Much of the poetry is collected in die erde bei Mei\u00dfen (1986), which received the Peter Huchel Prize in 1987, and helped introduce him to West German audiences.\nDuring the upheavals of 1989 and 1990, Kirsten became involved in the New Forum at Weimar, but he was quickly disillusioned and retired from political activism. Between 1992 and 2010 he published his work through Ammann Verlag in Z\u00fcrich, which issued his collected works in 2004 under the title Erdlebenbilder. He lives in Weimar.", "Q2749496": "Carlos Solchaga Catal\u00e1n (born 28 March 1944) is a Spanish economist, businessman and politician, who served in different capacities at various Spanish cabinets.", "Q1365803": "Isaac Edward Slade (born May 26, 1981) is an American musician and the lead vocalist, main songwriter, pianist and co-founder of Colorado-based rock band The Fray.\n\n", "Q127866": "Piknik (Picnic, Russian: \u041f\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0301\u043a) is a Russian rock band known for its unique style which is a mixture of art rock, progressive rock and original Russian rock. The band was formed in 1978 in Leningrad by Sergey Omelnichenko, Evgeny Voloschuk, Aleksey Dobychin and Edmund Shklyarskiy. Piknik is considered to be one of the \"classic\" Russian rock bands. Originated from the classic rock with huge influence of Jethro Tull and Led Zeppelin, its music progressed into its own style with using symphonic and exotic folk instruments. Also Piknik is considered sometimes to be the first Russian gothic rock band due to its specific sound, stage performances and dark lyrics.\nDuring more than 30 years of its existence the group's lineup changed many times, and the one and only permanent member and leader of the group is the frontman and lyricist Edmund Shklyarskiy.\nThe name of the group was created as an allusion to the well-known novel Roadside Picnic written in 1971 by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky.\nSome of their early songs are written in Polish language.\nIn 2016 the band made it to the list of artists barred from performing in Ukraine, due to them performing in Crimea as part of Russia, which is seen as occupied territory by Ukraine.\n\n", "Q8958": "Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (; c.\u20091400 \u2013 February 3, 1468) was a German goldsmith, inventor, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe with the printing press. His introduction of mechanical movable type printing to Europe started the Printing Revolution and is regarded as a milestone of the second millennium, ushering in the modern period of human history. It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, and the scientific revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.Gutenberg in 1439 was the first European to use movable type. Among his many contributions to printing are: the invention of a process for mass-producing movable type; the use of oil-based ink for printing books; adjustable molds; mechanical movable type; and the use of a wooden printing press similar to the agricultural screw presses of the period. His truly epochal invention was the combination of these elements into a practical system that allowed the mass production of printed books and was economically viable for printers and readers alike. Gutenberg's method for making type is traditionally considered to have included a type metal alloy and a hand mould for casting type. The alloy was a mixture of lead, tin, and antimony that melted at a relatively low temperature for faster and more economical casting, cast well, and created a durable type.\nIn Renaissance Europe, the arrival of mechanical movable type printing introduced the era of mass communication which permanently altered the structure of society. The relatively unrestricted circulation of information\u2014including revolutionary ideas\u2014transcended borders, captured the masses in the Reformation and threatened the power of political and religious authorities; the sharp increase in literacy broke the monopoly of the literate elite on education and learning and bolstered the emerging middle class. Across Europe, the increasing cultural self-awareness of its people led to the rise of proto-nationalism, accelerated by the flowering of the European vernacular languages to the detriment of Latin's status as lingua franca. In the 19th century, the replacement of the hand-operated Gutenberg-style press by steam-powered rotary presses allowed printing on an industrial scale, while Western-style printing was adopted all over the world, becoming practically the sole medium for modern bulk printing.\nThe use of movable type was a marked improvement on the handwritten manuscript, which was the existing method of book production in Europe, and upon woodblock printing, and revolutionized European book-making. Gutenberg's printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe and later the world.\nHis major work, the Gutenberg Bible (also known as the 42-line Bible), was the first printed version of the Bible and has been acclaimed for its high aesthetic and technical quality.\n\n", "Q157359": "Johann Kuhnau (German: [\u02c8ku\u02d0na\u028a]; 6 April 1660 \u2013 5 June 1722) was a German polymath: known primarily as composer today, he was also active as novelist, translator, lawyer, and music theorist, being able late in life to combine these activities with the duties of his official post of Thomaskantor in Leipzig, which he occupied for 21 years. Much of his music, including operas, masses, and other large-scale vocal works, is lost. His reputation today rests on a set of programmatic keyboard sonatas published in 1700, in which each sonata depicted in detail a particular story from the Bible. After his death, Kuhnau was succeeded as Thomaskantor by Johann Sebastian Bach.", "Q1569251": "Henry Bernard Glover (May 21, 1921 \u2013 April 7, 1991) was an American songwriter, arranger, record producer and trumpet player. In the music industry of the time, Glover was one of the most successful and influential black executives. He gained eminence in the late 1940s, primarily working for the independent (and white-owned) King label. His duties included operating as a producer, arranger, songwriter (occasionally utilising the alias of Henry Bernard), engineer, trumpet player, talent scout, A&R man, studio constructor, while later in his career he became an owner of his own label. Glover worked with country, blues, R&B, pop, rock, and jazz musicians, and he helped King Records to become one of the largest independent labels of its time.In 2018, Glover was recognized with a Lifetime Achievement Award by the King Records 75th Anniversary. In 2013, he was posthumously inducted to the Blues Hall of Fame.", "Q75116": "Reinhold Pauli (25 May 1823 in Berlin \u2013 3 June 1882 in Bremen) was a German historian of England.", "Q129693": "Henry Bleecker Metcalfe (January 20, 1805 \u2013 February 7, 1881) was a U.S. Representative from New York.\nBorn in Albany, New York, Metcalfe moved to New York City in 1811 and to Richmond County in 1816. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in New York City in 1826. He served as prosecuting attorney of Richmond County from 1826 to 1832. Metcalfe was elected county judge in 1840 and served until 1841 when he resigned. He resumed his position of county judge in 1847 and remained until 1875.\nMetcalfe was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1875 \u2013 March 3, 1877). He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings (Forty-fourth Congress). He died in Richmond, Staten Island, New York on February 7, 1881. He was interred in the Moravian Cemetery, New Dorp, Staten Island, New York.\n\n", "Q2718154": "The Hietzing Cemetery is a cemetery in Hietzing, the 13th district of Vienna.", "Q90824": "Werner Hinz (18 January 1903 \u2013 10 February 1985) was a German film actor. He appeared in 70 films between 1935 and 1984.\n\n", "Q1398795": "Fausto Romitelli (1 February 1963 \u2013 27 June 2004) was an Italian composer.", "Q426025": "From 1416 to 1860, the Duchy of Savoy (Italian: Ducato di Savoia, French: Duch\u00e9 de Savoie) was a state in Western Europe. It was created when Sigismund, King of the Romans, raised the County of Savoy into a duchy for Amadeus VIII. The duchy was an Imperial fief, subject of the Holy Roman Empire with a vote in the Imperial Diet. From the 16th century, Savoy belonged to the Upper Rhenish Circle. Throughout its history, it was ruled by the House of Savoy and formed a part of the larger Savoyard state.\n\n", "Q843552": "Victor Joseph Mignogna (; born 1962 or 1963) is an American voice actor and musician known for his voice-over work in the English dubs of Japanese anime shows, the most notable being Edward Elric from the Fullmetal Alchemist series, for which he earned the American Anime Award for Best Actor in 2007. Other notable animation roles include Broly from the Dragon Ball films, Tamaki Suoh in Ouran High School Host Club, Fai D. Flowright in Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle, Dark in D.N.Angel, Kurz Weber in the Full Metal Panic! series, Zero and Ichiru Kiryu in the Vampire Knight series, Christopher Aonuma in Digimon Fusion, Nagato and Obito Uchiha in Naruto Shippuden, Ikkaku Madarame in Bleach, Qrow Branwen in RWBY, and Matt Ishida in Digimon Adventure tri. In video games, he is the voice of E-123 Omega in the Sonic the Hedgehog series and Junpei Iori from Persona 3. In live-action work, he has participated in several Star Trek fan productions, including Star Trek Continues, where he plays Captain James T. Kirk. Mignogna has an official fanclub called Risembool Rangers.In February 2019, studios Funimation and Rooster Teeth cut ties with Mignogna after a number of sexual harassment allegations surfaced. Mignogna has denied the allegations and filed a lawsuit against Funimation and several individuals in April 2019 alleging defamation and tortious interference.\n\n", "Q917671": "Brisbane (pron. BRIZ-bayn, unlike Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, pron. BRIZ-ben) is a small city located in California in the northern part of San Mateo County on the lower slopes of San Bruno Mountain. It is located on the southern border of San Francisco, on the northeastern edge of South San Francisco, next to San Francisco Bay and near San Francisco International Airport. The population was 4,282 as of the 2010 census.\nBrisbane is called \"The City of Stars\" because of a holiday tradition established over 69 years ago. At the start of the Christmas/Hanukkah season, many residents and business owners place large, illuminated stars, some as big as 10 feet (3.0 m) or more in diameter, on the downhill sides of homes and offices throughout Brisbane. Many of the stars are kept up all year.", "Q222018": "Total Recall is a 1990 American science fiction action film directed by Paul Verhoeven and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Rachel Ticotin, Sharon Stone, Ronny Cox, and Michael Ironside. The film is loosely based on the Philip K. Dick short story \"We Can Remember It for You Wholesale\".\nThe film tells the story of a construction worker who suddenly finds himself embroiled in espionage on Mars and unable to determine if the experiences are real or the result of memory implants. It was written by Ronald Shusett, Dan O'Bannon, Jon Povill, and Gary Goldman, and won a Special Achievement Academy Award for its visual effects. The original score, composed by Jerry Goldsmith, won the BMI Film Music Award.\nWith a budget of $50\u201360 million, Total Recall was one of the most expensive films made at the time of its release, although estimates of its production budget vary and whether it ever actually held the record is not certain.", "Q360559": "An Lushan (c. 703 \u2013 29 January 757) was a general in the Tang dynasty and is primarily known for instigating the An Lushan Rebellion.\nAn Lushan was of Sogdian and G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk origin, at least by adoption. He rose to military prominence by defending the northeastern Tang frontier from the Khitans and other threats. He was summoned to Chang'an, the Tang capital, several times and managed to gain favor with Chancellor Li Linfu and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China. After the death of Li Linfu, his rivalry with General Geshu Han and Chancellor Yang Guozhong created military tensions within the empire. \nIn 755, An Lushan, following 8 or 9 years of preparation, instigated the An Lushan Rebellion, proclaiming himself the ruler of a new dynasty, Yan.", "Q1730388": "Western swing music is a subgenre of American country music that originated in the late 1920s in the West and South among the region's Western string bands. It is dance music, often with an up-tempo beat, which attracted huge crowds to dance halls and clubs in Texas, Oklahoma and California during the 1930s and 1940s until a federal war-time nightclub tax in 1944 contributed to the genre's decline.The movement was an outgrowth of jazz. The music is an amalgamation of rural, cowboy, polka, folk, Dixieland jazz and blues blended with swing; and played by a hot string band often augmented with drums, saxophones, pianos and, notably, the steel guitar. The electrically amplified stringed instruments, especially the steel guitar, give the music a distinctive sound. Later incarnations have also included overtones of bebop.\nWestern swing differs in several ways from the music played by the nationally popular horn-driven big swing bands of the same era. In Western bands, even fully orchestrated bands, vocals, and other instruments followed the fiddle's lead. Additionally, although popular horn bands tended to arrange and score their music, most Western bands improvised freely, either by soloists or collectively.Prominent groups during the peak of Western swing's popularity included The Light Crust Doughboys, Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys, Milton Brown and His Musical Brownies, Spade Cooley and His Orchestra and Hank Thompson And His Brazos Valley Boys. Contemporary groups include Asleep at the Wheel and the Hot Club of Cowtown.\nAccording to Merle Travis, \"Western swing is nothing more than a group of talented country boys, unschooled in music, but playing the music they feel, beating a solid two-four rhythm to the harmonies that buzz around their brains. When it escapes in all its musical glory, my friend, you have Western swing.\"", "Q4899487": "Beverly Buchanan (October 8, 1940 \u2013 July 4, 2015) was an African-American artist whose works include painting, sculpture, video, and land art. Buchanan is noted for her exploration of Southern vernacular architecture through her art.", "Q2335557": "Josep Anselm Clav\u00e9 (Barcelona, April 21, 1824 - February 24, 1874) was a politician, composer and writer, founder of the choral movement in Catalonia and a promoter of the associative movement. \nHe was the initiator of choral singing in Catalonia. His first experiences in the musical field were marked by the plight of his family. Clav\u00e9 was forced to earn a living by singing for coffee in taverns accompanied by a guitar, when he was 17 years old. The contact with the workers, gathering in those places, led him to take them out from the taverns and meet them in choral societies. He acquired notions of violin, flute and music theory, which allowed him to compose lyrics and music for songs. In 1845 he organized Aurora, a choral society that would later become La Fraternitat (The Fraternity), a society of mutual help and the first Iberian chorale. In 1857, Clav\u00e9 renamed it Euterpe. The Euterpenses societies, spread throughout Catalonia and the Valencian Country were the origin of the Cors de Clav\u00e9.As a politician, he was an early supporter of Abd\u00f3 Terrades and Narc\u00eds Monturiol. In 1843 he took part in a revolt against General Espartero and in 1845 was detained in the Citadel of Barcelona. During the Progressive biennium (1854-1856) he was involved in politics, but the repression of 1856 confined him to prison in Ma\u00f3 and Palma. He was elected President of the Provincial Council of Barcelona during the reign of Amadeu I in 1873. In the same year he became a Member of the Cortes Constituentes and civil governor of Castell\u00f3 de la Plana and Tarragona. He retired from public life after the coup of General Pavia.", "Q1848616": "The Volkovo Cemetery (also Volkovskoe) (Russian: \u0412\u043e\u0301\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435 or \u0412\u043e\u0301\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435) is one of the largest and oldest non-Orthodox cemeteries in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Until the early 20th century it was one of the main burial grounds for Lutheran Germans in Russia. It is estimated that over 100,000 people have been buried at this cemetery since 1773.", "Q152221": "Philotheos Kokkinos (Thessaloniki, c. 1300 \u2013 Constantinople, 1379) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople for three periods from November 1353 to 1354, 1354, and 1364 to 1376. He was appointed patriarch in 1353 by the emperor John VI Kantakouzenos, deposed by John V Palaiologos in 1354 and then restored by Patriarch Callistus I of Constantinople. He was an anti-unionist who opposed Emperor John V in his intent to negotiate re-union of the churches with Popes \nUrban V and Gregory XI. He is commemorated on October 8.", "Q10942": "Donna Auguste (born 1958) is an African-American businesswoman, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. She was the founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of Freshwater Software from 1996 to 2001. Prior to Freshwater Software, she was a senior engineering manager at Apple Computer who helped to coordinate the development of the Newton personal digital assistant (PDA).In 2001, she sold Freshwater Software to Mercury Interactive Corp. for $147 million. In the same year, she was recognized as one of the \"25 Women Who Are Making It Big in Small Business\" by Fortune Magazine. She also won the 2001 Golden Torch Award for Outstanding Woman in Technology.", "Q68621": "B\u00e9la Bar\u00e9nyi (1 March 1907, Hirtenberg, Austro-Hungarian Monarchy \u2013 30 May 1997, B\u00f6blingen, Germany) was an Austro-Hungarian engineer, who was a prolific inventor, sometimes even compared to Thomas Edison. Bar\u00e9nyi made numerous crash protection inventions, and is therefore regarded as the father of passive safety in automotive design.Bar\u00e9nyi is also credited with first conceiving the original design for the German people's car (the Volkswagen Beetle) in 1925, \u2013 notably by Mercedes-Benz, on their website, including his original technical drawing, \u2013 five years before Ferdinand Porsche claimed to have made his initial version.Bar\u00e9nyi was inducted into the Detroit Automotive Hall of Fame in 1994, and nominated for the award of Car Engineer of the Century in 1999.\nBar\u00e9nyi died in B\u00f6blingen, Germany in 1997. A Mercedes advertisement featuring Bar\u00e9nyi\u2019s image stated: \u201cNo one in the world has given more thought to car safety than this man.\u201d B\u00e9la Bar\u00e9nyi left a broad record of his inventions to the Technisches Museum Wien in Vienna in his native country.", "Q67512": "Karl Jarres (21 September 1874 \u2013 20 October 1951) was a politician of the German People's Party (Deutsche Volkspartei, or DVP) during the Weimar Republic. From 1923 to 1924/1925, he was Minister of the Interior and Vice-Chancellor of Germany. Jarres was also the long-serving mayor of Duisburg from 1914 to 1933. After the Nazis deposed him, he started a career in industry.", "Q104067": "Eli Herschel Wallach (; December 7, 1915 \u2013 June 24, 2014) was an American film, television and stage actor whose career spanned more than six decades, beginning in the late 1940s. Trained in stage acting, which he enjoyed doing most, he became \"one of the greatest 'character actors' ever to appear on stage and screen\", with over 90 film credits. He and his wife Anne Jackson often appeared together on stage, and were one of the best-known acting couples in American theater. As a stage and screen character actor, Wallach had one of the longest-ever careers in show business, spanning 62 years from his Broadway debut to his last two major Hollywood studio movies (which were released in the same year).\nWallach initially studied method acting under Sanford Meisner, and later became a founding member of the Actors Studio, where he studied under Lee Strasberg. He played a wide variety of roles throughout his career, primarily as a supporting actor.\nFor his debut screen performance in Baby Doll (1956), he won a BAFTA Award for Best Newcomer and a Golden Globe Award nomination. Among his other most famous roles are Calvera in The Magnificent Seven (1960), Guido in The Misfits (1961), and Tuco (\"The Ugly\") in The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966). Other notable portrayals include outlaw Charlie Gant in How the West Was Won (1962), Hitman Leon B. Little in Tough Guys (1986), Don Altobello in The Godfather Part III, Cotton Weinberger in The Two Jakes (both 1990), and Arthur Abbott in The Holiday (2006). One of America's most prolific screen actors, Wallach remained active well into his nineties, with roles as recently as 2010 in Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps and The Ghost Writer.\nIn 1988, Wallach was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. He received BAFTA Awards, Tony Awards and Emmy Awards, and an Academy Honorary Award at the second annual Governors Awards on November 13, 2010.\nIn March 2017, the Harry Ransom Center announced the acquisition of Wallach's papers, along with those of his wife. They will be made public when cataloging is complete.", "Q61163": "Josef Pieper (German: [\u02c8pi\u02d0p\u0250]; 4 May 1904 \u2013 6 November 1997) was a German Catholic philosopher and an important figure in the resurgence of interest in the thought of Thomas Aquinas in early-to-mid 20th-century philosophy. Among his most notable works are The Four Cardinal Virtues: Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, Temperance; Leisure, the Basis of Culture; and Guide to Thomas Aquinas (published in England as Introduction to Thomas Aquinas).\n\n", "Q463579": "This article concerns the 1982 fictional movie. For information about the actual Commando unit, see Z Special Unit.Attack Force Z (alternatively titled The Z Men) is a 1982 Australian-Taiwanese World War II film directed by Tim Burstall. It is loosely based on actual events and was filmed in Taiwan in 1979. It was screened at the Cannes Film Festival on 18 May 1981.\nThe film is noted for starring Mel Gibson and Sam Neill, who were relatively unknown in the US at the time but who went on to become international stars. The plot concerns Captain P.G. Kelly (Gibson), who leads a team from the elite Z Special Unit against the Empire of Japan during the Second World War. The film fictionalises the exploits of the Z Special Unit, which was also known as Z Force. It was a joint Australian, British and New Zealand commando unit. Its main brief was to conduct reconnaissance and sabotage missions throughout Japanese-occupied Southeast Asia.", "Q570511": "Efim Jourist (January 13, 1947 \u2013 January 13, 2007) was a Ukrainian composer, accordionist and bajan player.", "Q269569": "Pierre Charles Bouvier (born 9 May 1979) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, musician, composer and actor who is best known as the lead vocalist of the rock band Simple Plan.", "Q84851": "Adolf Berthold Ludwig Grimme (31 December 1889 \u2013 27 August 1963) was a German politician, a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He was Cultural Minister during the later years of the Weimar Republic and after World War II, during the early years of the Federal Republic of Germany. During the Third Reich, he was arrested as a member of the German Resistance and sentenced to prison. After the war, he filed a legal complaint against the judge who had condemned him and others. After years of delays, the case was dropped by the prosecutor.", "Q37325": "Jimmie Lee Sloas is an American session musician, producer, and songwriter, who plays bass guitar.", "Q201819": "District 9 is a 2009 South African science fiction action film directed by Neill Blomkamp, written by Blomkamp and Terri Tatchell, and produced by Peter Jackson and Carolynne Cunningham. It is a co-production of New Zealand, the United States and South Africa. The film stars Sharlto Copley, Jason Cope, and David James, and was adapted from Blomkamp's 2006 short film Alive in Joburg.\nThe film is partially presented in a found footage format by featuring fictional interviews, news footage, and video from surveillance cameras. The story, which explores themes of humanity, xenophobia and social segregation, begins in an alternate 1982, when an alien spaceship appears over Johannesburg, South Africa. When a population of sick and malnourished insectoid aliens are discovered on the ship, the South African government confines them to an internment camp called District 9. Years later, during the government's relocation of the aliens to another camp, one of the confined aliens named Christopher Johnson, who is about to try to escape from Earth with his son and return home, crosses paths with a bureaucrat leading the relocation named Wikus van der Merwe. The title and premise of District 9 were inspired by events in Cape Town's District Six, during the apartheid era.\nA viral marketing campaign for the film began in 2008 at San Diego Comic-Con, while the theatrical trailer debuted in July 2009. District 9 was released by TriStar Pictures on 14 August 2009, in North America and became a financial success, earning over $210 million at the box office. It also received acclaim from critics, who praised the film's direction, performances, themes, and story, with some calling it one of the best science fiction films of the 2000s, and garnered numerous awards and nominations, including four Academy Award nominations for Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Visual Effects, and Best Film Editing.", "Q241583": "Bret Easton Ellis (born March 7, 1964) is an American author, screenwriter, short-story writer, and director. Ellis was first regarded as one of the so-called literary Brat Pack, which also included Tama Janowitz and Jay McInerney. He is a self-proclaimed satirist whose trademark technique, as a writer, is the expression of extreme acts and opinions in an affectless style. His novels commonly share recurring characters.When Ellis was 21, his first novel, the controversial bestseller Less Than Zero (1985), was published by Simon & Schuster. His third novel, American Psycho (1991), was his most successful; upon its release, the literary establishment widely condemned it as overly violent and misogynistic. Though many petitions to ban the book saw Ellis dropped by Simon & Schuster, the resounding controversy convinced Alfred A. Knopf to release it as a paperback later that year. Ellis's novels have become increasingly metafictional. Lunar Park (2005), a pseudo-memoir and ghost story, received positive reviews. Imperial Bedrooms (2010), marketed as a sequel to Less Than Zero, continues in this vein.\nFour of Ellis's works have been made into films. Less Than Zero was adapted in 1987 as a film of the same name, but the film bore little resemblance to the novel. Mary Harron's adaptation of American Psycho was released to generally positive reviews in 2000. Roger Avary's 2002 adaptation of The Rules of Attraction made modest box office returns. 2008's The Informers, based on Ellis's collection of short stories, was critically panned. Ellis also wrote the screenplay for the critically derided 2013 film The Canyons.", "Q69259": "Pontresina (Romansh: Puntraschigna) is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland.", "Q1336268": "P\u00e5l Moddi Knutsen (born 18 February 1987 in Senja), known by the artist name Moddi, is a Norwegian musician, author and activist, whose contemporary folk music often includes songs of protest or social justice.\n\n", "Q71416": "Gertrud B\u00e4umer (12 September 1873, Hagen-Hohenlimburg, Westphalia \u2013 25 March 1954, Bethel) was a German politician who actively participated in the German civil rights feminist movement. She was also a writer, and contributed to Friedrich Naumann's paper Die Hilfe. From 1898, B\u00e4umer lived and worked together with the German feminist and politician Helene Lange.", "Q435059": "Joey DeMaio (born 6 March, 1954) is an American bass player and main songwriter for the heavy metal band Manowar which he founded in 1980. He is also the founder and CEO of Magic Circle Music.", "Q3087074": "Maj. Frederic McLaughlin (27 June 1877 \u2013 17 December 1944) was an American businessman and soldier. He was the first owner of the Chicago Black Hawks National Hockey League (NHL) ice hockey team.\nBorn in Chicago, Illinois, McLaughlin inherited the successful \"McLaughlin's Manor House\" coffee business from his father, who died in 1905. McLaughlin was a graduate of Harvard University and served in the United States Army during World War I. McLaughlin achieved the rank of Major and was often referred to as Major McLaughlin for the rest of his life.", "Q480184": "Angus Struan Carolus Robertson (born 28 September 1969) is a former Scottish politician who was the\nDepute Leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP) and was the party's spokesperson on the Constitution in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. He was first elected to the House of Commons in 2001. In 2017, he sought re-election as the MP for Moray and lost to Scottish Conservative candidate Douglas Ross.A graduate of the University of Aberdeen, Robertson previously worked as a journalist. He resigned his position as SNP depute leader in February 2018, before launching the pro-independence think tank Progress Scotland in 2019, alongside Mark Diffney.", "Q92955": "Nathaniel Dourif Friedman (born August 6, 1977) is an American technology executive. He is currently the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of GitHub.", "Q78354": "Christian Mathias Schr\u00f6der (27 January 1778 \u2013 25 January 1860) was a German senator from the city of Hamburg, Germany.\nSchr\u00f6der made history as the main member and stock holder of the \"Society for the Protection of the Immigrant in Southern Brazil\" (in Portuguese: \"Sociedade de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o ao Imigrantes no sul do Brasil\") which was established in 1842. Because of such activities, his name has become permanently linked to the history of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.\nAmong other financial colonization activities, Schr\u00f6der sent his son Eduard Schr\u00f6der to become the first manager of the Dona Francisca colony (today city of Joinville). After a period of time as the administrator of the colony his son returned to his native land permanently. \nSchr\u00f6der was a Lutheran and a speaker of Low German, a minority language which also became part of southern Brazil's regional linguistic tradition. Low German, like many other Brazilian minority languages (such as Riograndenser Hunsr\u00fcckisch, Talian (Italian) and Japanese), is still spoken by some in the old colonial zones. However, like most minority languages throughout the country, it too is facing a fast decline and imminent extinction.\nThe municipality of Schroeder, a town located near Joinville, got its name from Schr\u00f6der.", "Q83680": "Sher Shah Suri (1486 \u2013 22 May 1545), born Far\u012bd Kh\u0101n, was the founder of the Suri Empire in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, with its capital in Sasaram in modern-day Bihar. He introduced the currency of rupee. An ethnic Pashtun, Sher Shah took control of the Mughal Empire in 1538. After his accidental death in 1545, his son Islam Shah became his successor. He first served as a private before rising to become a commander in the Mughal army under Babur and then the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur's son Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, Sher Shah overran the state of Bengal and established the Suri dynasty. A brilliant strategist, Sher Shah proved himself as a gifted administrator as well as a capable general. His reorganization of the empire laid the foundations for the later Mughal emperors, notably Akbar, son of Humayun.During his seven-year rule from 1538 to 1545, he set up a new economic and military administration, issued the first Rupiya from \"Taka\" and organized the postal system of the Indian Subcontinent. Some of his strategies and contributions were later ideolized by the Mughal emperors, most notably Akbar. Suri further developed Humayun's Dina-panah city and named it Shergarh and revived the historical city of Pataliputra, which had been in decline since the 7th century CE, as Patna. He extended the Grand Trunk Road from Chittagong in the frontiers of the province of Bengal in northeast India to Kabul in Afghanistan in the far northwest of the country. The influence of his innovations and reforms extended far beyond his brief reign; his arch foe, Humayun, referred to him as \u201cUstad-I-Badshahan\u201d, teacher of kings.\n\n", "Q104701": "Siegfried Fricke (born 19 November 1954) is a German rower who competed for West Germany in the 1976 Summer Olympics and later became a politician.\nHe was born in Bralorne, British Columbia, Canada.\nIn 1976 he was a crew member of the West German boat which won the bronze medal in the coxed fours event.", "Q268111": "Evgeny Lvovitch Schwartz (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0446; October 21 [O.S. October 9] 1896, Kazan, Russian Empire \u2013 January 15, 1958, Leningrad, USSR) was a Soviet writer and playwright, whose works include twenty-five plays, and screenplays for three films (in collaboration with Nikolai Erdman).", "Q77067": "Otto (Greek: \u038c\u03b8\u03c9\u03bd, \u00d3thon; 1 June 1815 \u2013 26 July 1867) was a Bavarian prince who became the first King of Greece in 1832 under the Convention of London. He reigned until he was deposed in 1862.\nThe second son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, Otto ascended the newly created throne of Greece while still a minor. His government was initially run by a three-man regency council made up of Bavarian court officials. Upon reaching his majority, Otto removed the regents when they proved unpopular with the people, and he ruled as an absolute monarch. Eventually his subjects' demands for a constitution proved overwhelming, and in the face of an armed (but bloodless) insurrection, Otto granted a constitution in 1843.\nThroughout his reign Otto was unable to resolve Greece's poverty and prevent economic meddling from outside. Greek politics in this era were based on affiliations with the three Great Powers that had guaranteed Greece's independence, Britain, France and Russia, and Otto's ability to maintain the support of the powers was key to his remaining in power. To remain strong, Otto had to play the interests of each of the Great Powers' Greek adherents against the others, while not irritating the Great Powers. When Greece was blockaded by the British Royal Navy in 1850 and again in 1854, to stop Greece from attacking the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War, Otto's standing amongst Greeks suffered. As a result, there was an assassination attempt on Queen Amalia, and finally in 1862 Otto was deposed while in the countryside. He died in exile in Bavaria in 1867.", "Q2273516": "Amaru Entertainment was a record label founded by Afeni Shakur in early 1997 to handle the release of the unreleased material her son had created before his death on September 13, 1996. After the death of 2Pac, the label inherited the rights to 2Pacalypse Now, Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z, Thug Life Vol. 1, and Me Against the World. Initially the company distributed their releases through Jive Records beginning with R U Still Down? (Remember Me), and as of 2011, the releases are being distributed by Universal Music Group's Interscope Records. Amaru has also released 11 posthumous albums by 2Pac and a documentary, Tupac: Resurrection. On May 2, 2016, Afeni Shakur died of a heart attack.", "Q70708": "Schwarzenburg is a municipality in the district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2011 through the merger of the municipalities of Wahlern and Albligen.", "Q67274": "Karl von Eckartshausen (German: [\u02c8\u025bka\u0250\u032fts\u02ccha\u028azn\u0329]; (1752-06-28)28 June 1752 \u2013 (1803-05-12)12 May 1803) was a German Catholic mystic, author, and philosopher.\nBorn in Haimhausen, Bavaria, Eckartshausen studied philosophy and Bavarian civil law in Munich and Ingolstadt. He was the author of The Cloud upon the Sanctuary (de:Die Wolke \u00fcber dem Heiligtum), a work of Christian mysticism which was later taken up by occultists. Translated into English by Isabelle de Steiger, the book was given a high status in the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, particularly by Arthur Edward Waite. It is known to have attracted English author and the founder of Thelema, Aleister Crowley, to the Order. Eckartshausen later joined the order of the Illuminati founded by Adam Weishaupt, but \"withdrew his membership soon after discovering that this order only recognized enlightenment through human reason.\"Von Eckartshausen was acquainted with Johann Georg Schr\u00f6pfer, an early pioneer of phantasmagoria, and himself experimented with the use of magic lanterns to create \"ghost projections\" in front of an audience of four or five people. He died in Munich at the age of 50.", "Q705644": "Athar ul-Haque Malik (born 13 November 1952), known professionally as Art Malik, is a Pakistani-born British actor who achieved international fame in the 1980s through his starring and subsidiary roles in assorted British and Merchant Ivory television serials and films. He is especially remembered for his portrayal of the out-of-place Hari Kumar in The Jewel in the Crown at the outset of his career. He also portrayed Islamic extremist Salim Abu Aziz in True Lies.", "Q310900": "Robert Fisk (born 12 July 1946) is an English writer and journalist. He has been Middle East correspondent intermittently since 1976 for various media; since 1989 he has been correspondent for The Independent, based in Beirut. Fisk has many British and international journalism awards, including the Press Awards Foreign Reporter of the Year seven times. He is an author and has reported on wars and armed conflicts.\nAn Arabic speaker, he was among the few Western journalists to interview Osama bin Laden, which he did three times between 1993 and 1997.\n\n", "Q73201": "Harry Tisch (March 28, 1927, Heinrichswalde \u2013 June 18, 1995) was an East German politician and trade unionist who served as Chairman of the Free German Trade Union Federation between 1975 and 1989. He was also a member of the State Council from 1976 until he was forced to resign in November 1989.\nHe was a recipient of the Patriotic Order of Merit in Gold in 1969 and the Order of Karl Marx in 1977.\nAfter German reunification Tisch was not tried in court due to his declining health. He died of heart failure in 1995.", "Q1375345": "Marvin Pierce Bush (born October 22, 1956) is an American businessman. Bush is the youngest son of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush and First Lady Barbara Bush and the brother of former U.S. President George W. Bush; former Florida Governor Jeb Bush; Pauline Robinson \"Robin\" Bush, who died of leukemia at the age of three; Neil Bush; and Dorothy Bush Koch.", "Q309289": "The Man with the Golden Gun is a 1974 spy film and the ninth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and the second to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. A loose adaptation of Ian Fleming's novel of the same name, the film has Bond sent after the Solex Agitator, a device that can harness the power of the sun, while facing the assassin Francisco Scaramanga, the \"Man with the Golden Gun\". The action culminates in a duel between them that settles the fate of the Solex.\nThe Man with the Golden Gun was the fourth and final film in the series directed by Guy Hamilton. The script was written by Richard Maibaum and Tom Mankiewicz. The film was set in the face of the 1973 energy crisis, a dominant theme in the script. Britain had still not yet fully overcome the crisis when the film was released in December 1974. The film also reflects the then-popular martial arts film craze, with several kung fu scenes and a predominantly Asian location, being set and shot in Thailand, Hong Kong, and Macau. Part of the film is also set in Beirut, Lebanon, but it was not shot there.\nThe film was met with mixed reviews, and some critics described it as the lowest point in the canon up to that time. Christopher Lee's portrayal of Scaramanga as a villain of similar skill and ability to Bond was generally praised, but reviewers criticised the film as a whole, particularly its comedic approach and the performances of Moore and Britt Ekland. Whilst profitable, the film is the 4th lowest-grossing in the series and it's relatively modest returns by comparison with those of Live and Let Die (1973) reportedly placed the continuation of the franchise in jeopardy. It was the last Bond film to be co-produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman, with Saltzman selling his 50% stake in Danjaq, LLC, the parent company of Eon Productions, after the release of the film.", "Q107208": "Peter Lund (born 30 December 1965 in Flensburg) is a German theatre director and author.\n\n", "Q1680339": "James Elmes (15 October 1782, London \u2013 2 April 1862, Greenwich) was an English architect, civil engineer, and writer on the arts.", "Q328247": "Ali Acun Il\u0131cal\u0131 (born 29 May 1969) is a Turkish television icon, entrepreneur, international TV producer and businessman. He is the owner of TV channels TV8 and TV8.5, as well as production companies in countries such as the United States, Mexico, Romania, Hungary, Brazil, Colombia and Greece. He is the founder and chairman of Acun Medya production company that produces shows to broadcasting channels around the world.\nAcun Il\u0131cal\u0131's career, which started as a sports reporter and became a Media owner, and his story has been the subject of many books, documentaries and TV shows.He has received over a thousand awards in numerous categories. In 2018, Variety magazine included him in the world's top 500 entertainment leaders and icons in media and entertainment business around the globe.", "Q525538": "Andrew Edward Coulson (born 21 January 1968) is an English journalist and political strategist.\nCoulson was the editor of the News of the World from 2003 until his resignation in 2007, following the conviction of one of the newspaper's reporters in relation to illegal phone-hacking. He subsequently joined David Cameron's personnel as communications director, until announcing his departure on 21 January 2011 because of continued media coverage of the phone-hacking affair. The overall impact from his tenure came to be known as the \"Coulson effect\".Coulson was arrested by the Metropolitan Police Service on 8 July 2011 in connection with allegations of corruption and phone hacking. He was detained and charged with perjury by Strathclyde Police on 30 May 2012 in relation to evidence he had given in the trial of Scottish politician Tommy Sheridan in 2010, and cleared on 3 June 2015.In June 2014 at the Old Bailey, Coulson was found guilty of a charge of conspiracy to intercept voicemails (phone-hacking). He was sentenced on 4 July 2014 to 18 months in prison. On 30 June 2014, it was announced that he would face a retrial over two counts of conspiring to cause misconduct in public office \u2013 in relation to the alleged purchase of confidential royal phone directories in 2005 from a palace police officer \u2013 after the jury in the original trial was unable to reach a verdict on them.Coulson was also tried over charges that he committed perjury in the evidence he gave in HM Advocate v Sheridan and Sheridan in 2010. This trial started on 11 May 2015 because of the general election. On 3 June 2015, he was cleared of those perjury charges, since, if he had lied, it would not have been relevant to the outcome.", "Q23436": "Edinburgh ( (listen); Scots: Edinburgh; Scottish Gaelic: D\u00f9n \u00c8ideann [\u02c8t\u032au\u02d0n \u02c8e\u02d0t\u02b2\u0259n\u032a\u02e0]) is the capital of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore.\nRecognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government, the Scottish Parliament and the supreme courts of Scotland. The city's Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the monarch in Scotland. The city has long been a centre of education, particularly in the fields of medicine, Scots law, literature, philosophy, the sciences and engineering. It is the second largest financial centre in the United Kingdom (after London) and the city's historical and cultural attractions have made it the United Kingdom's second most visited tourist destination attracting 1.75 million visits from overseas in 2016.Edinburgh is Scotland's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The official population estimates are 488,050 (2016) for the Locality of Edinburgh (Edinburgh pre 1975 regionalisation plus Currie and Balerno), 518,500 (2018) for the City of Edinburgh, and 1,339,380 (2014) for the city region. Edinburgh lies at the heart of the Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region comprising East Lothian, Edinburgh, Fife, Midlothian, Scottish Borders and West Lothian.The city is the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. It is home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery. The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1582 and now one of four in the city, is placed 20th in the QS World University Rankings for 2020. The city is also known for the Edinburgh International Festival and the Fringe, the latter being the world's largest annual international arts festival. Historic sites in Edinburgh include Edinburgh Castle, the Palace of Holyroodhouse, the churches of St. Giles, Greyfriars and the Canongate, and the extensive Georgian New Town built in the 18th/19th centuries. Edinburgh's Old Town and New Town together are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, which has been managed by Edinburgh World Heritage since 1999.\n\n", "Q12833": "Boris Grigorevich Kolker (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0435\u0440) (born July 15, 1939 in Tiraspol, Moldavian ASSR, Soviet Union) is a language teacher, translator and advocate of the international language Esperanto. He was until 1993 a Soviet and Russian citizen and since then has been a resident and citizen of the United States residing in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1985 he was awarded a Ph.D. in linguistics from the Institute of Linguistics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Moscow.", "Q3578243": "AST National Academy of Theatre Arts in Krak\u00f3w (Polish: Akademia Sztuk Teatralnych im. Stanis\u0142awa Wyspia\u0144skiego w Krakowie, often shortened to AST, formerly: Pa\u0144stwowa Wy\u017csza Szko\u0142a Teatralna im. Ludwika Solskiego, shortened to PWST), located in Krak\u00f3w, Poland, was founded in 1946 by a well-known Polish actor, Juliusz Osterwa, who took the initial steps leading to the establishment of the Academy through the amalgamation of three local studios, the Theatre Actors' Studio at Stary Teatr, the S\u0142owacki Theatre Actors' Studio, and Iwo Gall's Dramatic Studio connected with Juliusz Osterwa's Reduta Theatre.", "Q54866": "Daniel Fathers (born 23 March 1966) is an English actor. In 2018, Fathers joined the cast of Snatch (Sony Pictures Television) as a series regular (Season 2), starring opposite Rupert Grint, as the American Gangster Clarence Perry. Shot in M\u00e1laga, Spain, it was to be released in September 2018.", "Q3740764": "Risto Erkki Juhani Penttil\u00e4 (born 17 March 1959, Pori, Finland) is a policy expert, former member of the Finnish parliament, Secretary General of European Business Leaders\u2019 Convention, former Director of the Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) and current CEO of the first pan-Nordic think tank Nordic West Office.\nIn the 2009 European Parliament election, Penttil\u00e4, representing the National Coalition Party, got 50,858 votes and earned a deputy candidacy.", "Q235216": "Maaya Sakamoto (\u5742\u672c \u771f\u7dbe, Sakamoto Maaya, born March 31, 1980) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer. She made her debut as a voice actress in 1992 as the voice of Chifuru in Little Twins, but is better known as voice of Hitomi Kanzaki in The Vision of Escaflowne. Other major roles in anime include Riho Yamazaki in Nightwalker: The Midnight Detective, Moe Katsuragi in Risky Safety, Princess Tomoyo in Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle, Haruhi Fujioka in Ouran High School Host Club, Sayaka Nakasugi in Birdy the Mighty, Ciel Phantomhive in Black Butler, Shinobu Oshino in Monogatari, Merlin in The Seven Deadly Sins, Shiki Ry\u014dgi in The Garden of Sinners film series, Motoko Kusanagi in Ghost in the Shell: Arise, and Ruler in Fate/Apocrypha. In video games she voices Aura and Natsume in .hack, Lisa Hamilton / La Mariposa in Dead or Alive, Maki Harukawa in Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony, Aerith Gainsborough in Kingdom Hearts and Final Fantasy VII Remake, Aigis in Persona 3, Lightning in the Final Fantasy XIII games, Ling Xiaoyu in Tekken, and Alisa Ilinichina Amiella in God Eater.\nShe has also branched into singing, performing songs in both English and Japanese. She released her debut single \"Yakusoku wa Iranai\" in collaboration with Yoko Kanno under Victor Entertainment on April 24, 1996. Her singles \"Tune the Rainbow\", \"Loop\", \"Ame ga Furu\", and \"Triangler\" have all reached the top 10 Oricon singles chart: \"Triangler\" in particular charted at number 3 and remained charting for 26 weeks. Her albums have had similar success, with Sh\u014dnen Alice and Y\u016bnagi Loop both reaching the top 10 Oricon albums chart; and her album You Can't Catch Me, released on January 12, 2011, became her first release to ever reach number 1. She held a concert at the Nippon Budokan on March 31, 2010, her thirtieth birthday. In the Japanese localization of overseas dubs, she has voiced Padme Amidala as presented in the Star Wars films and series, as well as performing the dub voice for Natalie Portman in numerous films.", "Q161199": "Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (25 October 1832 \u2013 18 December 1909) was the fourth son and seventh child of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Charlotte of Prussia. He was the first owner of the New Michael Palace on the Palace Quay in Saint Petersburg.", "Q377757": "Rhodes University is a public research university located in Makhanda in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It is one of four universities in the province. Established in 1904, Rhodes University is the province's oldest university, and it is the fifth or sixth oldest South African university in continuous operation, being preceded by the University of the Free State (1904), University of Witwatersrand (1896), Stellenbosch University (1866) and the University of Cape Town (1829). Rhodes was founded in 1904 as Rhodes University College, named after Cecil Rhodes, through a grant from the Rhodes Trust. It became a constituent college of the University of South Africa in 1918 before becoming an independent university in 1951.\nThe university had an enrolment of over 8,000 students in the 2015 academic year, of whom just over 3,600 lived in 51 residences on campus, with the rest (known as Oppidans) taking residence in digs (off-campus residences) or in their own homes in the town.\n\n", "Q299842": "Antonia Kidman (born 14 July 1970) is an Australian journalist and TV presenter, and the younger sister of the actress Nicole Kidman.", "Q1500595": "Thomas Rosales Jr. (born February 3, 1948) is an American actor and stunt man who has appeared in more than 100 films.His first known appearance as a stuntman was in Battle for the Planet of the Apes in 1973.\nRosales' filmography includes; Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, RoboCop 2, Need for Speed, Tremors 2: Aftershocks, Universal Soldier, Predator 2, L.A. Confidential, U.S. Marshals, Deep Impact, The Running Man, The Hunter, The Lost World: Jurassic Park, Speed, NCIS, The A-Team and Walker Texas Ranger.", "Q2473759": "Louis Thomas McFadden (July 25, 1876 \u2013 October 1, 1936) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, serving from 1915 to 1935. A banker by trade, he was an opponent of the Federal Reserve System and was the chief sponsor of the 1927 McFadden Act, which rechartered the Federal Reserve System in perpetuity, liberalized branch banking for national banks and increased competition between member and non-member banks.\n\n", "Q318390": "Abel Ac\u00e1cio de Almeida Botelho (23 September 1855 \u2013 1917), born in Tabua\u00e7o and deceased in Argentina, was a Portuguese military officer and diplomat who distinguished himself as a writer. In 1911, he took part in the commission that selected and approved the draft of what would become the current flag of Portugal.", "Q12827": "Mary Beth Patterson (born February 19, 1981), known by her stage name Beth Ditto, is an American singer-songwriter and actress most notable for her work with the indie rock band Gossip. Her voice has been compared to Etta James, Janis Joplin and Tina Turner. She disbanded Gossip to pursue a career in fashion, and has since started a solo career.\n\n", "Q71402": "Asl\u0131 Bayram (born 1 April 1981) is a German actress and writer of Turkish descent. Since 2010, she is an Ambassador for Crime Prevention by the Justice Ministry Hessen, Germany.", "Q92799": "David Day (born 14 October 1947 in Victoria, British Columbia) is a Canadian author of more than forty books: poetry, natural history, ecology, mythology, fantasy, and children's literature. Internationally, he is best known for his literary criticism on J. R. R. Tolkien and his works.\n\n", "Q115618": "Hans Schaffner (16 December 1908 in Interlaken \u2013 26 November 2004) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1961\u20131970).\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 15 June 1961 and handed over office on 31 January 1970. He is affiliated to the Free Democratic Party. After receiving a degree in law, he entered the federal civil service as the head of the Division in charge of wartime economy (1941). In 1954, he became Director of the Trade Division of the Economic Affairs Department. With the president of the Board of Trade Reginald Maudling, he was during a meeting of non EEC countries in the Alabama Room in Geneva, one of the initiators of the European Free-Trade Association (EFTA) in December 1958.\nDuring his time in office he headed up the Department of Economic Affairs and was President of the Confederation in 1966. During that year, Switzerland became a member of GATT. He prepared measures in favour of agriculture, a new law about labour relations and measures against inflation. After retirement, he held positions in several Boards of directors (Sandoz, Rieter, C\u00e2bleries de Cossonay). He fought for liberal and free-trade values.", "Q323306": "Kameradschaft (English: Comradeship, known in France as La Trag\u00e9die de la mine) is a 1931 dramatic film directed by Austrian director G. W. Pabst. The French-German co-production drama is noted for combining expressionism and realism.The picture concerns a mine disaster where German miners rescue French miners from an underground fire and explosion. The story takes place in the Lorraine\u2013Saar regions, along the border between France and Germany. It is based on one of the worst industrial accidents in history, the Courri\u00e8res mine disaster in 1906 in Courri\u00e8res, France, where rescue efforts after a coal dust explosion were hampered by the lack of trained mine rescuers. Expert teams from Paris and miners from the Westphalia region of Germany came to the assistance of the French miners. There were 1,099 fatalities, including children.Kameradschaft in German means a bond between soldiers or those who have similar opinions and are in friendship. The word is similar to comradeship, camaraderie or fellowship.", "Q691031": "The concertmaster (from the German Konzertmeister) is the leader of the first violin section in an orchestra (or clarinet, oboe, flute in a concert band) and the instrument-playing leader of the orchestra. After the conductor, the concertmaster is the second-most significant leader in an orchestra, symphonic band or other musical ensemble. Another common term in the U.S. is \"first chair.\" In the U.K., the term commonly used is \"leader.\"\n\n", "Q240851": "Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (born 24 February 1942) is an Indian scholar, literary theorist, and feminist critic. She is a University Professor at Columbia University and a founding member of the establishment's Institute for Comparative Literature and Society.Considered one of the most influential postcolonial intellectuals, Spivak is best known for her essay \"Can the Subaltern Speak?\" and for her translation of and introduction to Jacques Derrida's De la grammatologie. She also translated such works of Mahasweta Devi as Imaginary Maps and Breast Stories into English and with separate critical appreciation on the texts and Devi's life and writing style in general.\nSpivak was awarded the 2012 Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy for being \"a critical theorist and educator speaking for the humanities against intellectual colonialism in relation to the globalized world.\" In 2013, she received the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award given by the Republic of India.", "Q915714": "Bright Eyes is an American indie rock band founded by singer-songwriter and guitarist Conor Oberst. It consists of Oberst, multi-instrumentalist and producer Mike Mogis, trumpet and piano player Nate Walcott, and a rotating lineup of collaborators drawn primarily from Omaha's indie music scene.Bright Eyes is signed to Saddle Creek Records, a Nebraska-based label founded by Conor Oberst's brother Justin Oberst and Bright Eyes member Mike Mogis. On January 21st 2020, the band announced their reunion, having signed with Dead Oceans.", "Q142740": "The MIT Sloan School of Management (also known as MIT Sloan or Sloan) is the business school of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.\nMIT Sloan offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree programs, as well as executive education. Its degree programs are among the most selective in the world.\nMIT Sloan emphasizes innovation in practice and research. Many influential ideas in management and finance originated at the school, including the Black\u2013Scholes model, the Solow\u2013Swan model, the random walk hypothesis, the binomial options pricing model, and the field of system dynamics. The faculty has included numerous Nobel laureates in economics and John Bates Clark Medal winners.", "Q363722": "Sir John Desmond Patrick Keegan (15 May 1934 \u2013 2 August 2012) was an English military historian, lecturer, writer and journalist. He wrote many published works on the nature of combat between prehistory and the 21st century, covering land, air, maritime, intelligence warfare and the psychology of battle.", "Q83694": "Carmen Antimo Argenziano (October 27, 1943 \u2013 February 10, 2019) was an American actor who has appeared in over 50 movies and around 100 television movies or episodes. He is best known for playing Jacob Carter on Stargate SG-1. He had recurring roles on Booker, L.A. Law, Melrose Place, and The Young and the Restless. He had a small role in The Godfather Part II, Angels & Demons and The Accused.", "Q520454": "Media Factory (\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30d5\u30a1\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc, Mediafakutor\u012b), formerly Media Factory, Inc. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30d5\u30a1\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc, Kabushiki gaisha Mediafakutor\u012b) is a Japanese publisher and brand company of Kadokawa Future Publishing. It was founded on December 1, 1986, and its headquarters are situated in Shibuya, Tokyo. It is a subsidiary of Recruit Co., Ltd. Media Factory was possibly the first anime distributor to ask for sites to not link to fansub of any anime licensed by the company. On October 12, 2011, Media Factory was purchased by Kadokawa Corporation for \u00a58,000,000,000. Media Factory also has a monthly manga magazine, Monthly Comic Alive, and its own light novel imprint, MF Bunko J. Media Factory also holds the license for the distribution of The 39 Clues in Japan. Media Factory ceased being a kabushiki gaisha, as well as retired the Pok\u00e9mon anime series on October 1, 2013 when it was merged with eight other companies to become a brand company of Kadokawa Corporation. It had a record label, Pikachu Records, that produced Pok\u00e9mon CDs and Pok\u00e9mon soundtracks in Japan from 1997 to 2012. Most Pok\u00e9mon albums in Japan came from Pikachu Records during this period. It was retired when Media Factory was purchased by Kadokawa Corporation.", "Q92941": "Seth Lloyd (born August 2, 1960) is a professor of mechanical engineering and physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He refers to himself as a \"quantum mechanic\".\nHis research area is the interplay of information with complex systems, especially quantum systems. He has performed seminal work in the fields of quantum computation, quantum communication and quantum biology, including proposing the first technologically feasible design for a quantum computer, demonstrating the viability of quantum analog computation, proving quantum analogs of Shannon's noisy channel theorem, and designing novel methods for quantum error correction and noise reduction.", "Q48283": "Yulia Volodymyrivna Tymoshenko (Ukrainian: \u042e\u0301\u043b\u0456\u044f \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e, IPA: [\u02c8jul\u207d\u02b2\u207eij\u0250 wolo\u02c8d\u026am\u026ar\u207d\u02b2\u207eiu\u032fn\u0250 t\u026amo\u02c8\u0283\u025bnko]; n\u00e9e Hrihyan (\u0413\u0440\u0456\u0433\u044f\u043d); born 27 November 1960) is an Ukrainian politician.\nTymoshenko is the leader of the All-Ukrainian Union \"Fatherland\" political party. She supports Ukraine's integration into the European Union and strongly opposes the membership of Ukraine in the Russia-led Eurasian Customs Union. She supports NATO membership for Ukraine.\nTymoshenko co-led the Orange Revolution and was the first woman appointed Prime Minister of Ukraine, serving from 24 January to 8 September 2005, and again from 18 December 2007 to 4 March 2010. She placed third in Forbes magazine's list of the world's most powerful women in 2005.\nTymoshenko finished second in the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election runoff, losing by 3.5 percentage points to the winner, Viktor Yanukovych. In the concluding days of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, she was released after three years in jail. She again finished second in the 2014 Ukrainian presidential election, this time to Petro Poroshenko. After being a heavy favorite in the polls for several years, she came third in the first round of the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election.", "Q186702": "Chattanooga is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County, Tennessee, along the Tennessee River bordering Georgia. With an estimated population of 180,557 in 2018, it is the fourth-largest city in Tennessee and one of the two principal cities of East Tennessee, along with Knoxville. Served by multiple railroads and Interstate highways, Chattanooga is a transit hub. Chattanooga lies 118 miles (190 km) northwest of Atlanta, Georgia, 112 miles (180 km) southwest of Knoxville, Tennessee, 134 miles (216 km) southeast of Nashville, Tennessee, 102 miles (164 km) east-northeast of Huntsville, Alabama, and 147 miles (237 km) northeast of Birmingham, Alabama.\nThe Chattanooga metropolitan statistical area is the fourth largest in Tennessee and the city of Chattanooga anchors a three-state area that includes Southeast Tennessee, Northwest Georgia, and Northeast Alabama. Major industry driving the economy includes automotive, advanced manufacturing, food and beverage production, healthcare, insurance, tourism, and back office and corporate headquarters.The city, with a downtown elevation of about 680 feet (210 m), is at the transition between the ridge-and-valley portion of the Appalachian Mountains and the Cumberland Plateau. Its official nickname is \"Scenic City\", alluding to the surrounding by mountains and ridges. Unofficial nicknames include \"River City\", \"Chatt\", \"Nooga\", \"Chattown\", and \"Gig City\", the latter a reference to Chattanooga's claims that it has the fastest internet service in the Western Hemisphere.Chattanooga is internationally known for the 1941 song \"Chattanooga Choo Choo\" by Glenn Miller and his orchestra. Chattanooga is home to the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) and Chattanooga State Community College.", "Q11490": "Lynn Ann Conway (born January 2, 1938) is an American computer scientist, electrical engineer, inventor, and transgender activist.Conway is notable for a number of pioneering achievements, including the Mead & Conway revolution in VLSI design, which incubated an emerging electronic design automation industry. She worked at IBM in the 1960s and is credited with the invention of generalized dynamic instruction handling, a key advance used in out-of-order execution, used by most modern computer processors to improve performance.", "Q267550": "Izabella Miko (born Izabella Anna Miko\u0142ajczak; 21 January 1981) is a Polish actress, dancer, producer, and environmental activist. She is best known for starring in the musical comedy-drama film Coyote Ugly and the music videos \"Mr. Brightside\" and \"Miss Atomic Bomb\" by The Killers. While a dance student in Poland, Miko was recruited to study at the New York City Ballet at age fifteen and later studied acting at the Lee Strasberg Institute. She made her American film debut in Coyote Ugly (2000), followed by a starring part in the vampire thriller The Forsaken (2001).\nMiko has also had recurring roles on the television series Deadwood, The Cape, and Chicago Fire, in addition to roles in dance films such as Save the Last Dance 2 (2006), Make Your Move (2013), and Step Up: All In (2014). She made her debut as a film producer on the British biographical drama Desert Dancer in 2014. She is also known as an environmental activist. She has a sustainable candle line called EkoMiko Candles, as well as an eco foundation called EkoMiko.\n\n", "Q496094": "Taoufik Ben Brik (born 1960 in Jerissa) is a Tunisian journalist.", "Q77715": "Albrecht von Eyb (August 24, 1420 \u2013 July 24, 1475) was one of the earliest German humanists.", "Q49823": "Dana Stewart Scott (born October 11, 1932) is the emeritus Hillman University Professor of Computer Science, Philosophy, and Mathematical Logic at Carnegie Mellon University; he is now retired and lives in Berkeley, California. His research career involved computer science, mathematics, and philosophy. His work on automata theory earned him the ACM Turing Award in 1976, while his collaborative work with Christopher Strachey in the 1970s laid the foundations of modern approaches to the semantics of programming languages. He has worked also on modal logic, topology, and category theory.\n\n", "Q343394": "\u0130brahim Tatl\u0131ses (born \u0130brahim Tatl\u0131, January 1, 1952) is a Kurdish-Turkish folk singer and former actor. Since the 1970s he has been one of the most well-known and successful singers of the pop Arabesk style. Tatl\u0131ses has recorded 42 albums, including notable albums such as Aya\u011f\u0131nda Kundura and Selam Olsun and was the host of the highly popular television programme \u0130bo Show. He was also a leading actor that appeared in several dozen films, and also worked in the restaurant and tourism businesses. He survived an assassination attempt in 2011 after being shot in the head.", "Q1159171": "Daniel Alan Spitz (born January 28, 1963) is an American musician and watchmaker best known for his work as the lead guitarist of the American heavy metal band Anthrax from 1983 to 1995 and from 2005 to 2008. With Anthrax, Spitz was nominated for three Grammy awards and earned several platinum albums. Spitz also founded the Christian music group Red Lamb, which was known for lyrics on autism awareness. Spitz has earned Swiss and American degrees in luxury mechanical watchmaking and micro-mechanical engineering, certified as watchmaker instructor for the North American operations of Swiss watch company Chopard.", "Q432044": "Karlee Perez (born April 19, 1986) is an American actress, model, professional wrestler and valet, best known for her work in Lucha Underground under the ring name Catrina. She is also known for her appearances with WWE under the ring name Maxine between 2009 and 2012.", "Q180373": "Jacqueline A. Carey (born October 9, 1964) is an American writer, primarily of fantasy fiction.", "Q71364": "Eduard Oswald (born Augsburg 1947) is a German politician who served as one of the vice presidents of the German Bundestag from 2011 until 2013. A member of the Christian Social Union, he was nominated by the CDU/CSU parliamentary faction to succeed Gerda Hasselfeldt.", "Q1368300": "Peter John Farrelly (born December 17, 1956) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer and novelist. Along with his brother Bobby, the Farrelly brothers are mostly famous for directing and producing quirky comedy and romantic comedy films such as Dumb and Dumber; Shallow Hal; Me, Myself and Irene; There's Something About Mary; and the 2007 remake of The Heartbreak Kid. On his own in 2018 Farrelly co-wrote and directed the comedy-drama Green Book, which won the Audience Award at the Toronto Film Festival in 2018. For his work on the film, he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay and earned the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay.", "Q338726": "Michael Patrick Higgins Jr. (January 20, 1920 \u2013 November 5, 2008) was an American actor who appeared in film and on stage, and was best known for his role in the original Broadway production of Equus.", "Q1067935": "Universit\u00e9 Laval is a French-language, public research university in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The University was founded by royal charter issued by Queen Victoria in 1852, with roots in the founding of the S\u00e9minaire de Qu\u00e9bec in 1663 by Fran\u00e7ois de Montmorency-Laval, making it the oldest centre of higher education in Canada and the first North American institution to offer higher education in French. The university, whose campus was erected from the 1950s onward in the suburban borough of Sainte-Foy\u2013Sillery\u2013Cap-Rouge, is ranked among the top 10 Canadian universities in terms of research funding and holds 4 Canada Excellence Research Chairs. Like most institutions in Quebec, the name (Universit\u00e9 Laval) is not translated in English.", "Q781236": "White Town is the solo project of Indian-born British musician Jyoti Mishra.", "Q233101": "Monique Alexander (born May 26, 1982) is an American pornographic actress, nude model, and 2017 AVN Hall of Fame inductee. Alexander has also been an advocate for free speech and sex education, and has appeared on Fox News and in a debate at Yale University addressing these topics. In addition to her pornographic work, she has had several cameo appearances in mainstream films and television shows.", "Q2474750": "Roy Herbert Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet, GBE (5 June 1894 \u2013 4 August 1976) was a Canadian newspaper proprietor who became one of the moguls of Fleet Street.He first came to prominence when he was selling radios in Ontario, and to give his customers more programmes to listen to, decided to launch his own radio station. He then moved into newspapers, becoming as wealthy and important in Canada as the press barons in the United Kingdom. He aspired to such a peerage but was denied it unless he moved residence to the UK. He invited British newspaper owners to sell to him, the first doing so being The Scotsman and he soon formed a commercial television company which gained the first ITV franchise in Scotland. From the substantial profits of commercial television he bought many titles such as The Times and Kemsley`s Newspapers which published The Sunday Times.", "Q106664": "Thomas Jeier (born 24 April 1947 in Minden) was raised in Frankfurt and started writing prose as a student. He proved himself an expert of North America's present and past by publishing travel guides, books on history, biographies and novels (in particular of the western genre). He was translated and published in the United States too.", "Q110006": "Anny Schlemm (born February 22, 1929 in Neu-Isenburg) is a German operatic soprano, and later mezzo-soprano.\nHer father, Friedrich Schlemm, was a chorister at the Oper Frankfurt, and she studied in Berlin with Erna Westenberger. She made her debut at the Halle Opera House in Halle an der Saale, as Nanette in Lortzing's Der Wildsch\u00fctz, in 1946. In 1949 she joined the Komische Oper Berlin, where she remained until 1961, during that period her roles included Susanna, Marenka, Donna Elvira, Desdemona, Manon Lescaut, Octavian, Arabella, etc. She also sang at the opera houses of Cologne, Hamburg, Dresden, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Munich, and at the Bayreuth Festival, etc. \nShe made guest appearances at the Vienna State Opera, the Royal Opera House in London, the Glyndebourne Festival, the Paris Op\u00e9ra, the Holland Festival, etc. \nLater, as her voice darkened, she became a famous exponent of roles such as Clytemnestra in Elektra, Herodias in Salome, Kabanicha in K\u00e1\u0165a Kabanov\u00e1, and Kostelnicka in Jen\u016ffa, etc. \nA superb singing-actress and highly versatile artist, she was equally at home in comic and dramatic roles. She was married for a time to conductor Wolfgang Rennert.", "Q862588": "Uverworld (stylized as UVERworld) is a Japanese rock band consisting of six members and originating from Kusatsu, Shiga. \"Uverworld\" is a term coined by the band members, combining the German word \"\u00fcber\" (meaning \"over\") with the English word \"world\" to form a phrase that means \"crossing above the world\". They have released nine studio albums and over twenty singles, all of them being quite successful. They have sold over three million records worldwide. Influenced by 1960s rock bands like The Beatles, The Zombies, and The Beach Boys. Its style became so popular it was later influenced by The Cookies, The Kinks, and The Cramps. Vocalist Takuya cited Frank Sinatra, Queen, David Bowie, Weezer, Green Day, and later My Chemical Romance as one of the influences for the band.", "Q448930": "Ricardo Emmanuel Brown (born November 23, 1972), of the stage name Kurupt, is an American rapper who entered the public eye with Death Row Records in the early 1990s, especially once teaming with labelmate Daz to form a rap duo, Tha Dogg Pound. Kurupt left the label in 1996, and his debut solo album arrived in 1998. Since then Kurupt has been a member of other rap supergroups, such as the DPGC, which includes Snoop Dogg, and the Diirty OGz. Kurupt's rap talent has influenced standout rappers Eminem and Kendrick Lamar.", "Q128599": "Eileen Essell (8 October 1922 \u2013 15 February 2015) was an English actress, noted in part for not beginning her screen acting career until the age of 79.She retired from stage acting in 1958 following her marriage to playwright and actor Gerard McLarnon. She later earned a living as a teacher at the Central School of Music and Drama and the City University. After the death of her husband in 1997, a family friend lured her back on stage for a play he was producing. Although she had acted onstage in the 1940s/1950s, her first screen performance was in an episode of Doctors. She later appeared in The Bill, Doc Martin, Holby City, Hustle, Casualty, Ideal and Sensitive Skin, among other episodes. She guest starred as Christine in the episode \"From Out of the Rain\" in season 2 of the BBC spin-off show Torchwood. On film, she is best remembered for the role of Mrs. Connelly in Duplex.\nA widow, Essell died on 15 February 2015, aged 92. She is survived by her son, Fergus McLarnon.", "Q12199": "Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Following initial infection a person may not notice any symptoms, or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness. Typically, this is followed by a prolonged period with no symptoms. If the infection progresses, it interferes more with the immune system, increasing the risk of developing common infections such as tuberculosis, as well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors which are otherwise rare in people who have normal immune function. These late symptoms of infection are referred to as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This stage is often also associated with unintended weight loss.HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex (including anal and oral sex), contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. Some bodily fluids, such as saliva, sweat and tears, do not transmit the virus. HIV is a member of the group of viruses known as retroviruses.Methods of prevention include safe sex, needle exchange programs, treating those who are infected, pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis, and male circumcision. Disease in a baby can often be prevented by giving both the mother and child antiretroviral medication. There is no cure or vaccine; however, antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy. Treatment is recommended as soon as the diagnosis is made. Without treatment, the average survival time after infection is 11 years.In 2018 about 37.9 million people were living with HIV and it resulted in 770,000 deaths. An estimated 20.6 million of these live in eastern and southern Africa. Between the time that AIDS was identified (in the early 1980s) and 2018, the disease caused an estimated 32 million deaths worldwide. HIV/AIDS is considered a pandemic\u2014a disease outbreak which is present over a large area and is actively spreading. HIV made the jump from other primates to humans in west-central Africa in the early-to-mid 20th century. AIDS was first recognized by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1981 and its cause\u2014HIV infection\u2014was identified in the early part of the decade.\nHIV/AIDS has had a large impact on society, both as an illness and as a source of discrimination. The disease also has large economic impacts. There are many misconceptions about HIV/AIDS, such as the belief that it can be transmitted by casual non-sexual contact. The disease has become subject to many controversies involving religion, including the Catholic Church's position not to support condom use as prevention. It has attracted international medical and political attention as well as large-scale funding since it was identified in the 1980s.", "Q87394": "Hermann Wlach (11 August 1884 \u2013 28 January 1962) was an Austrian stage and film actor.\nBorn Armin Wlach in Vienna, he died in 1962 at age 77 in Zollikon, Switzerland.", "Q260217": "Kenneth Todd \"Hock\" Ham (born December 12, 1964) is a retired American astronaut and a captain in the United States Navy. Ham was selected for NASA's astronaut program in August 1998, while serving as the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet lead carrier suitability test pilot. Ham's aviator call sign is \"Hock\". As of July 2013, Captain Ham served as the Chair of the Aerospace Engineering Department at the United States Naval Academy, in Annapolis, Maryland. Captain Ham has worked for Bigelow Aerospace in North Las Vegas as of August 2014.\n\n", "Q561420": "Walter Owen Bentley, MBE (16 September 1888 \u2013 13 August 1971) was an English engineer who designed engines for cars, and aircraft, raced cars and motorcycles, and founded Bentley Motors Limited in Cricklewood near London.\nHe was known as \"W. O.\" without any need to add the word Bentley.", "Q706417": "James Cecil Dickens (December 19, 1920 \u2013 January 2, 2015), better known by his stage name, Little Jimmy Dickens, was an American country music singer and songwriter famous for his humorous novelty songs, his small size (4'11\" [150 cm]), and his rhinestone-studded outfits (which he is given credit for introducing into country music live performances). He started as a member of the Grand Ole Opry in 1948 and was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1983. Before his death he was the oldest living member of the Grand Ole Opry.", "Q452798": "Yelena Tregubova (Russian: \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430) (born May 24, 1973) is a Russian journalist. Her book The Tales of a Kremlin Digger detailed her work in the Kremlin pool.", "Q95960": "Ernst Theodor Echtermeyer (12 August 1805, Bad Liebenwerda \u2013 6 May 1844) was a German writer and philosopher. Together with Arnold Ruge, in 1838, he founded the Hallische Jahrb\u00fccher f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Kunst, an organ of the Young Hegelians.", "Q189419": "Zemun (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0417\u0435\u043c\u0443\u043d, pronounced [z\u011bmu\u02d0n]) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. Zemun was a separate town that was absorbed into Belgrade in 1934. The development of New Belgrade in the late 20th century affected the expansion of the continuous urban area of Belgrade.\nAccording to the 2011 census results, the municipality of Zemun has a population of 168,170 inhabitants.", "Q465134": "Kane Warren Hodder (born April 8, 1955) is an American actor, stuntman, and author.\nHodder is best known for his portrayal of Jason Voorhees (five times) in the Friday the 13th franchise, with four films from the film series: Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood, Friday the 13th Part VIII: Jason Takes Manhattan, Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday, Jason X and the video game Friday the 13th: The Game. He is also known for his role as Victor Crowley in the Hatchet series. He also played Leatherface during the stunts of Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III and Freddy Krueger's clawed glove hand in Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday.\n\n", "Q70052": "Stettlen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q516870": "Ivan Lukyanovich Solonevich (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u041b\u0443\u043a\u044c\u044f\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447, 13 November 1891, Ciechanowiec, then Grodno Governorate, Imperial Russia \u2014 24 April 1953, Montevideo, Uruguay) was a Russian philosopher, historian, writer, editor, publisher, publicist and conservative political activist.\nA member of the White movement during the Russian Civil War and later of the anti-Soviet underground in Ukraine, Solonevich was persecuted and jailed. He spent 1920s and early 1930s as a sports official, photographer and journalist, all the while looking for the opportunity to leave the country. After several failed attempts he finally succeeded in 1934 and spent the rest of his life in emigration, first in Finland, then Bulgaria, Germany, Argentine (where he founded the newspaper Nasha Strana, Our Country) and Uruguay.Solonevich authored several acclaimed books on Russian monarchy (The Assassins of the Tzar, 1938; The Myth about Nicholas the Second, 1949) and political repressions in the USSR (Russia in Concentration Camp, 1935). His best-known work is People's Monarchy (1951) in which he fully developed his doctrine of monarchy being the only viable and historically justified political system for Russia.", "Q530109": "Wayne Michael Coyne (born January 13, 1961) is an American musician. He is the lead singer, occasional backing vocalist, guitarist, keyboardist, theremin player and songwriter for the band the Flaming Lips.", "Q113527": "Heide Schmidt (born 27 November 1948 in Kempten im Allg\u00e4u, Germany) is an Austrian politician.\nA lawyer and formerly a prominent member of J\u00f6rg Haider's Austrian Freedom Party (FP\u00d6), in 1993 Schmidt was one of a group of politicians who, because of Haider's increasingly right-wing verbal politics, seceded from the FP\u00d6 and founded the Liberal Forum.\nFrom 1990 until 1994 Schmidt was Third President of the National Council of Austria. Also, she twice ran for Austrian Presidency both in 1992 when she was nominated by the FP\u00d6 and in 1998 by the Liberal Forum.\nSchmidt ran the non-profit organization, Institut f\u00fcr eine offene Gesellschaft (Institute for an Open Society) from 2000\u20132009.In 2008, Schmidt staged a brief comeback as leading candidate for the Liberal Forum. Following the party's disastrous showing and failure to re-enter parliament, Schmidt announced her final retirement from politics.\n\n", "Q31768": "Sadao Abe (\u963f\u90e8 \u30b5\u30c0\u30f2, Abe Sadao, born Abe Takashi (\u963f\u90e8 \u9686\u53f2); April 23, 1970) is a Japanese actor, stage actor and musician from Matsudo, Chiba Prefecture. He started his acting career after joining a theater company/talent agency, Otona Keikaku, in around 1992 and gained his popularity after the drama series Team Medical Dragon and as being the lead singer of the Japanese comedy rock band Group Tamashii. \nAbe was nominated for best actor in the 31st Japanese Academy Award for Maiko Haaaan!!!.", "Q538555": "Franciszek Rychnowski (1850 - 1929) was a Polish engineer and an inventor, who also lectured at the Lw\u00f3w Politechnic. In addition to mundane projects (he was involved with electrification, central heating and the tram system in Lw\u00f3w, which is now Lviv, Ukraine), he also gained fame for his pseudoscientific theories on eteroid, similar to the concepts of \u00e9lan vital or orgone; involvement with such pseudoscientific theories eventually ruined his career.Rychnowski is a minor character in a series of books by the modern Polish author, Andrzej Pilipiuk. He is also one of the central characters in the 2012 fictional conspiracy thriller The Man With the Devil's Hand by Jarek Garli\u0144ski.", "Q125095": "Hermann Danuser (born 3 October 1946) is a Swiss-German musicologist.", "Q5496982": "Frederic Bancroft (October 30, 1860 in Galesburg, Illinois \u2013 February 22, 1945) was a historian, author, and librarian.", "Q292081": "Annette Joanne Funicello (October 22, 1942 \u2013 April 8, 2013) was an American actress and singer. Funicello began her professional career as a child performer at the age of twelve. She rose to prominence as one of the most popular Mouseketeers on the original Mickey Mouse Club. As a teenager, she transitioned to a successful career as a singer with the pop singles \"O Dio Mio\", \"Tall Paul\" and \"Pineapple Princess\", as well as establishing herself as a film actress, popularizing the successful \"Beach Party\" genre alongside co-star Frankie Avalon during the mid-1960s.\nIn 1992, Funicello announced that she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis back in 1987. She died of complications from the disease on April 8, 2013.", "Q105345": "Kevin Clarke (born 14 February 1967) is an Irish-German music historian specializing in 1920s jazz operettas.\nBorn in Berlin, Germany, Clarke is the author of various books dealing with topics such as the jazz and revue operettas of the Weimar Republic, operetta in Nazi Germany, and homosexuality and operetta. Since 2006 he has been director of the Operetta Research Center Amsterdam (ORCA).", "Q282292": "Baron Maejima Hisoka (\u524d\u5cf6 \u5bc6, January 24, 1835 \u2013 April 27, 1919), born Ueno Fusagor\u014d (\u4e0a\u91ce \u623f\u4e94\u90ce), was a Japanese statesman, politician, and businessman in Meiji-period Japan. Maejima founded the Japanese postal service, and is known as Y\u016bbin Seido no Chichi (\u90f5\u4fbf\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u7236), or \"Father of the Postal System\".\n\n", "Q323448": "Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4\u05dd \u05d1\u05df \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05d0\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc\u05e2\u05e4\u05d9\u05d4) was the founder of the school of \"Prophetic Kabbalah\". He was born in Zaragoza, Spain in 1240 and is assumed to have died sometime after 1291, following a stay on the small and windswept island of Comino, the smallest of the three inhabited islands that make up the Maltese archipelago.", "Q190148": "Renzo Piano ( pee-AH-noh, Italian: [\u02c8r\u025bntso \u02c8pja\u02d0no]; born 14 September 1937) is an Italian architect. His notable buildings include the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris (with Richard Rogers, 1977), The Shard in London (2012), and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City (2015) and Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center in Athens (2016). He won the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1998.\n\n", "Q230420": "Amber Patrice Riley (born February 15, 1986) is an American actress, singer and author. She is best known for her portrayal of Mercedes Jones on the Fox comedy-drama series Glee (2009\u20132015). For her performance on the series, she won a Screen Actors Guild Award, and has been nominated for three Teen Choice Awards, three NAACP Image Awards, and a Grammy Award.\nIn November 2016, Riley led the West End debut of Dreamgirls, playing the lead role of Effie White. She won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 2017 for her role in Dreamgirls.Riley won season 17 of Dancing with the Stars in 2013. In 2017, Riley appeared as a judge on BBC One musical theatre talent show Let It Shine and formed a musical theatre supergroup with Beverley Knight and Cassidy Janson, known collectively as Leading Ladies and signed to East West Records/Warner. Their debut album, Songs from the Stage, was released on November 17, 2017.\n\n", "Q69503": "Poschiavo (Italian: Poschiavo, Lombard: Pusciaaf, German: Puschlav, Romansh: Puschlav) is a municipality in the Bernina Region in the canton of Grisons in Switzerland.", "Q756220": "The Saturdays are an English girl group based in London, England. The group formed during the summer of 2007 and have been on hiatus since 2014. The lineup consists of Frankie Bridge, Una Healy, Rochelle Humes, Mollie King, and Vanessa White. They were formed through Fascination Records, a sub-division of Polydor Records, who gave them an instant record deal with the label. As soon as the contract was finalised, the Saturdays went on tour with Girls Aloud during their Tangled Up Tour. The group's music style is pop, however throughout their career their management have experimented with dance-pop and electropop. Throughout their career, songwriters and producers Ina Wroldsen, Steve Mac, Camille Purcell, and Quiz & Larossi have been heavily involved to help create their music.\nIn July 2008, the Saturdays released their debut single, \"If This Is Love\", which resulted in the group achieving their first top ten hit. They released their debut album, Chasing Lights, in 2008 and charted at number nine on the UK Albums Chart. It was accredited platinum certification by the BPI and also produced three more top ten singles\u2014\"Up\", \"Issues\", and \"Just Can't Get Enough\". \"Work\" was also released from the album. The group's first concert tour, The Work Tour, took place in 2009. Wordshaker was released as the group's second album and produced top 10 hits\u2014\"Forever Is Over\" and \"Ego\". After the release of \"Ego\", The Saturdays decided to release their first mini album in 2010, Headlines!, which also produced top 10 hits\u2014\"Missing You\" and \"Higher\", which featured guest vocals from Flo Rida. The Headlines Tour was the group's second concert tour. Their third album, On Your Radar, was released in 2011 and saw the release of two top 10 singles\u2014\"Notorious\" and \"All Fired Up\".\nIn December 2011, the group took to their first arena tour, All Fired Up! Live. \"30 Days\" was released as the first single from their fourth album and charted at number seven on the UK Singles Chart. \"What About Us\" was released as the follow-up single from the album and became The Saturdays' first number-one single on the UK singles chart, selling 114,000 copies in the first week of release. \"Gentleman\" followed as the next single. \"Disco Love\", which went straight in at number five on the official UK charts, became their thirteenth top ten hit. Their fourth studio album, Living for the Weekend, debuted at number ten on 20 October 2013, becoming their fourth top 10 album. The Saturdays released their first greatest hits album, Finest Selection: The Greatest Hits, on 11 August 2014. It was preceded by a single, \"What Are You Waiting For?\", which was available to download on 9 August 2014. The Saturdays embarked on their Greatest Hits Live! tour in September 2014.\nThe Saturdays have sold over 8 million records in the UK and Ireland. It was estimated the group had earned \u00a318.4 million during their existence.", "Q710275": "Dorian Shainin (September 26, 1914 \u2013 January 7, 2000) was an American quality consultant, aeronautics engineer, author, and college professor most notable for his contributions in the fields of industrial problem solving, product reliability, and quality engineering, particularly the creation and development of the \"Red X\" concept.Shainin (pronounced SHAY-nin), founder of the technical-problem-solving company Shainin LLC, is responsible for the development of over 20 statistical engineering techniques that have become the core of the \"Shainin System\" for quality and reliability improvement.Throughout his life, Dorian Shainin worked to improve the quality and reliability of an array of products, including paper, printing, textiles, rubber, nuclear energy, airplanes, automobiles, cassette decks, space ships, light bulbs and disposable diapers, with clients representing over 200 different industries, ranging from the U.S. Department of Defense, Rolls Royce Ltd. and Exxon to Polaroid, Hewlett-Packard, AT&T and Ford Motor. In total, Shainin advised over 800 companies, 43 of which were among the Fortune 100.", "Q72645": "Rudolf Schottlaender (August 5, 1900 in Berlin, German Empire \u2013 January 4, 1988 in East Berlin, East Germany) was a German philosopher, classical philologist, translator and political publicist of Jewish descent.", "Q233129": "Peoria ( pee-OR-ee-\u0259) is the county seat of Peoria County, Illinois, and the largest city on the Illinois River. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 115,007, making it the eighth-most populated in Illinois, the second-largest city in Central Illinois after the state capital, Springfield, and the third largest outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is the principal city of the Peoria Metropolitan Area in Central Illinois, consisting of the counties of Marshall, Peoria, Stark, Tazewell, and Woodford, which had a population of 373,590 in 2011. The Peoria Metro Area is the third largest MSA in Illinois after Chicago and Metro East (St. Louis MSA Illinois portion).\nEstablished in 1691 by the French explorer Henri de Tonti, Peoria is the oldest European settlement in Illinois. Originally known as Fort Clark, it received its current name when the County of Peoria organized in 1825. The city was named after the Peoria tribe, a member of the Illinois Confederation. On October 16, 1854, Abraham Lincoln made his Peoria speech against the Kansas-Nebraska Act.A major port on the Illinois River, Peoria is a trading and shipping center for a large agricultural area that produces maize, soybeans, and livestock. Although the economy is well diversified, the city's traditional manufacturing industries remain important and produce earthmoving equipment, metal products, lawn-care equipment, labels, steel towers, farm equipment, building materials, steel, wire, and chemicals. Until 2018, Peoria was the global and national headquarters for heavy equipment and engine manufacturer Caterpillar Inc., one of the 30 companies composing the Dow Jones Industrial Average, and listed on the Fortune 100; in the latter year, the company relocated its headquarters to Deerfield, Illinois. During January 2018, OSF Healthcare and Caterpillar Inc. excited the community with the announcement of the regional healthcare giant's planned rehab and headquarters relocation into a historic downtown landmark building originally designed for a large downtown department store (Shipper & Block, Block & Kuhl's and lastly Carson Pirie, Scoott & Co. Such consolidation of hundreds of scattered administrative employees is planned as a major catalyst for further central business district revitalization.The city is associated with the phrase \"Will it play in Peoria?\", which originated from the vaudeville era and was popularized by Groucho Marx. Museums in the city include the Pettengill-Morron House, the John C Flanagan House, and the Peoria Riverfront Museum. Also, the Caterpillar Museum on the riverfront. The Peoria Symphony Orchestra is the 14th oldest in the United States, and Peoria has hosted the Heart of Illinois Fair annually from 1949. The Spirit of Peoria is a riverboat that runs within Peoria on the Illinois River watershed.\n\n", "Q3380947": "Philippe de Gasp\u00e9 Beaubien, OC (born 1928), is a Canadian media proprietor, who was chairman and CEO of Telemedia. He founded the company in 1968, and went on to acquire a number of radio stations in Quebec and Ontario, and launched magazines such as Canadian Living, Harrowsmith and the Canadian editions of ELLE and TV Guide. In 1990, together with his wife Nan-b de Gasp\u00e9 Beaubien, he launched The Business Families Foundation (BFF), a non-profit charitable organization established in Canada to help business families in Canada and abroad.\nHe was educated at the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, obtaining a Bachelor of Arts in 1952, and at Harvard University, receiving his MBA in 1954. He was also a key organizer behind Expo 67. \nBeaubien was chairman of the Canadian Association of Broadcasters in 1973 and 1974, and was the founder, president and honorary chairman of participACTION.\nHe was also presented with an honorary degree in law from York University in 1979, and was inducted into the Canadian Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame in 1994. \nIn 1967, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada \"for his contribution to Centennial Year as director of operations for the 1967 World Exhibition\".", "Q968099": "Mikhail Efimovich Koltsov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0415\u0444\u0438\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u043e\u0301\u0432) (June 12 [O.S. May 31] 1898 \u2013 February 2, 1940), born Moisey Haimovich Fridlyand (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0425\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0434), was a Soviet Journalist, Bolshevik Revolutionary and a NKVD Agent", "Q117999": "Augustin Keller (10 November 1805, Sarmenstorf, Aargau \u2013 8 January 1883) was a Swiss politician and a co-founder of the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, the Old Catholic Church in Switzerland. He is considered to have started the Monastery dispute of Aargau (German: Aargauer Klosterstreit) and was therefore responsible for the abolishment of all monasteries in Aargau in 1841.\nAfter studying philology, history, pedagogy, philosophy and literature in Munich and Breslau, Keller first worked as a teacher in Lucerne and was the director of the teacher seminar of Aargau from 1834 to 1856. In this position earned a lot building up the education system in the canton of Aargau.\nHe was, however, better known as a radical liberal politician and harsh critic of the Roman Catholic Church, although he was himself a Catholic. In 1835 he was elected into the parliament of the canton of Aargau, which he was a part of until 1856. After conflicts resembling a civil war between government troops and Catholic insurgents in January 1841, Keller called the monasteries antagonistic to progress and made them accountable for the insurrection during a speech in parliament. Hereupon the government abolished all monasteries in Aargau. The Monastery dispute of Aargau caused an international crisis and ended in the Sonderbund war of 1847, which was followed by the founding of the Swiss federal republic in 1848.\nFrom 1848 to 1881, Keller was politically active on a national level and was almost consistently a member of either the National Council or the Council of States. In 1871 and 1872 he was president of the latter. From 1856 to 1881, he was governmental council member of the canton Aargau. He spoke out for the complete equality for Jews.\nAs president of the Aargau church council, Keller denounced the dogma of infallibility of Pope Pius IX in 1870 and called for the establishment of an independent Swiss national church during the Kulturkampf. He was one of the founders of the Christkatholische Kirche, which is the Old Catholic Church in Switzerland and was elected president of the synod council in 1875.", "Q42786": "Audrey Hepburn (born Audrey Kathleen Ruston; 4 May 1929 \u2013 20 January 1993) was a British actress and humanitarian. Recognised as a film and fashion icon, she was ranked by the American Film Institute as the third-greatest female screen legend in Golden Age Hollywood, and was inducted into the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame.\nBorn in Ixelles, Brussels, Hepburn spent parts of her childhood in Belgium, England, and the Netherlands. She studied ballet with Sonia Gaskell in Amsterdam beginning in 1945 and with Marie Rambert in London starting in 1948. She began performing as a chorus girl in West End musical theatre productions and then had minor appearances in several films. Hepburn starred in the 1951 Broadway play Gigi after being spotted by French novelist Colette, on whose work the play was based.She rose to stardom in the romantic comedy Roman Holiday (1953), alongside Gregory Peck, for which she was the first actress to win an Oscar, a Golden Globe Award, and a BAFTA Award for a single performance. That same year, Hepburn won a Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play for her performance in Ondine. She went on to star in a number of successful films, such as: Sabrina (1954), in which Humphrey Bogart and William Holden compete for her affection; Funny Face (1957) a musical in which she sang her own song parts; the drama The Nun's Story (1959); the romantic comedy Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961); the thriller-romance Charade (1963), opposite Cary Grant; and the musical My Fair Lady (1964), which won the Academy Award and BAFTA for Best Picture. In 1967 she starred in the thriller Wait Until Dark receiving Academy Award, Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations.\nAfter that she only occasionally appeared in films, one being Robin and Marian (1976) with Sean Connery, and her last recorded performances were the 1990 documentary television series Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn. She won three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role. In recognition of her film career, she received BAFTA's Lifetime Achievement Award, the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award, the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award, and the Special Tony Award. She remains one of only 15 people who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards.\nLater in life she devoted much of her time to UNICEF which she had contributed to since 1954. Then she worked in some of the poorest communities of Africa, South America, and Asia between 1988 and 1992. In December 1992, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of her work as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. A month later, she died of appendiceal cancer at her home in Switzerland at the age of 63.", "Q15806": "Dragotin Kette (19 January 1876 \u2013 26 April 1899) was a Slovene Impressionist and Neo-Romantic poet. Together with Josip Murn, Ivan Cankar, and Oton \u017dupan\u010di\u010d, he is considered the founder of modernism in Slovene literature.\n\n", "Q431565": "Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber, often referred to as JJSS (13 February 1924, in Paris \u2013 7 November 2006, in F\u00e9camp), was a French journalist and politician. He co-founded L'Express in 1953 with Fran\u00e7oise Giroud, and then went on to become president of the Radical Party in 1971. He oversaw its transition to the center-right, the party being thereafter known as Parti radical valoisien. He tried to found in 1972 the Reforming Movement with Christian Democrat Jean Lecanuet, with whom he supported Val\u00e9ry Giscard d'Estaing's conservative candidature to the 1974 presidential election.", "Q242908": "Delara Darabi (Persian: \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0649\u200e) (29 September 1986 \u2013 1 May 2009) was an Iranian Gilaki woman who was sentenced to death after having been convicted of murdering her father's female cousin in 2003. Although Delara initially claimed that she had committed the crime, she subsequently recanted and explained that her older boyfriend, Amir Hossein, had persuaded her to lie about the incident to protect him. According to Delara and other sources familiar with the case, Amir Hossein was the person who had committed the murder in an attempt to steal from a wealthy member of the Darabi family.Darabi served five years of a prison sentence for theft on death row after her conviction (In Iran, prisoners often have to serve time in prison before execution). She initially confessed, but later recanted, claiming her boyfriend, Amir Hossein, persuaded her to confess by convincing her that he would be executed (as she would not have been in most places, being a minor; but this was not the case in Iran).\nWhile on death row, Darabi, having developed a love of painting at an early age, completed several works that depicted her incarceration. In confinement, she also wrote poetry. Among her work is the poem entitled \"Prison\", a psychological and philosophical work on life in prison. A collection of her art was displayed at an exhibition in Tehran by supporters campaigning her release. Darabi's lawyer, Abdolsamad Khoramshahi, had appealed against the sentence, arguing that her conviction had been based solely on her confession and that her trial had failed to consider vital evidence.", "Q107552": "Georg Eisenreich (born December 6, 1970) is a German politician of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU). He is a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.", "Q117741": "Andy Razaf (December 16, 1895 \u2013 February 3, 1973) was an American poet, composer and lyricist of such well-known songs as \"Ain't Misbehavin'\" and \"Honeysuckle Rose\".\n\n", "Q106894": "Peter Klusen (born 1951) is a German writer, translator and cartoonist.", "Q185223": "Lucius Cassius Dio (; c. 155 \u2013 c. 235) or Dio Cassius (Greek: \u0394\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u039a\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2) was a Roman statesman and historian of Greek and Roman origin. He published 80 volumes of history on ancient Rome, beginning with the arrival of Aeneas in Italy. The volumes documented the subsequent founding of Rome (753 BC), the formation of the Republic (509 BC), and the creation of the Empire (31 BC), up until 229 AD. Written in ancient Greek over 22 years, Dio's work covers approximately 1,000 years of history. Many of his 80 books have survived intact, or as fragments, providing modern scholars with a detailed perspective on Roman history.", "Q274262": "Lynn Bari (born Margaret Schuyler Fisher, December 18, 1913 \u2013 November 20, 1989) was a film actress who specialized in playing sultry, statuesque man-killers in roughly 150 20th Century Fox films from the early 1930s through the 1940s.", "Q22072": "John Peter Farnham AO (born 1 July 1949) is a British-born Australian singer. Farnham was a teen pop idol from 1967 until 1979, billed then as Johnny Farnham, but has since forged a career as an adult contemporary singer. His career has mostly been as a solo artist, although he replaced Glenn Shorrock as lead singer of Little River Band from 1982 to 1985.In September 1986, his solo single \"You're the Voice\" peaked at No. 1 on the Australian singles charts. The associated album, Whispering Jack, held the No. 1 position for a total of 25 weeks and is the 2nd-highest-selling album in Australian history. Both the single and the album had top-ten success internationally, including No. 1 in Sweden.Farnham has become one of his country's best-known and most popular performers, and he is the only Australian artist to have a number-one record in five consecutive decades (echoing that of Sir Cliff Richard in the UK), with singles: \"Sadie (The Cleaning Lady)\" in 1967, \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\" in 1970, and \"Age of Reason\" in 1988; and albums: Whispering Jack in 1986, Age of Reason in 1988 Chain Reaction in 1990, Then Again... in 1993, 33\u2153 in 2000, and The Last Time in 2002. Along with touring with numerous artists, including Jimmy Barnes, The Seekers and international acts like Stevie Nicks and Lionel Richie, he released collaborative albums including with Tom Jones on Together in Concert (2005) and Olivia Newton John, including Highlights from The Main Event (1998; also with Anthony Warlow), Two Strong Hearts Live (2015), and Friends for Christmas (2016).Farnham has been recognised by many honours and awards, including 1987 Australian of the Year, 1996 Officer of the Order of Australia, and 19 ARIA Awards, including his 2003 induction into the Hall of Fame.From 1969 he was voted by TV Week readers as the 'King of Pop' for five consecutive years.Aside from his recording career, Farnham performed on stage with lead roles in Australian productions of Charlie Girl, Pippin and 1992's Jesus Christ Superstar. He starred in his own TV series and specials, including It's Magic (With Colleen Hewett), Bobby Dazzler, and Farnham and Byrne (with Debra Byrne), and as a guest on numerous other popular shows such as The Don Lane Show, Countdown and Hey Hey It's Saturday.Australian rock historian Ian McFarlane described him as \"the most successful solo artist in the history of Australian rock and pop ... Farnham has retained an affable sense of humour and a simple, unpretentious 'everyman' charm which also makes him one of the most respected celebrities in Australian entertainment history.\"As of 2019, John Farnham Band members are Angus Burchall on drums, Bob Coassin on trumpet, Lachlan Davidson on saxophone, Lisa Edwards, Lindsay Field and Dannielle Gaha on backing vocals, Brett Garsed on guitar, Chong Lim on keyboards/musical director, Jordan Murray on trombone, Craig Newman on bass guitar and Steve Williams on harmonica and saxophone. Guitarist Stuart Fraser also joined the John Farnham Band in 1992 and regularly performed and toured with the band until 2018 when his health deteriorated due to lung cancer. He died on 1 December 2019.", "Q64027": "Nyon [nj\u0254\u0303] is a municipality in Nyon District in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is located some 25 kilometers north east of Geneva's city centre, and since the 1970s it has become part of the Geneva metropolitan area. It lies on the shores of Lake Geneva and is the seat of Nyon District. The town has (as of December 2018) a population of 21,198 and is famous in the sporting world for being the headquarters of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and the European Club Association (ECA). It is connected to the rest of Switzerland by way of the Route Suisse, the A1 Motorway and the railways of the Arc L\u00e9manique.", "Q6949": "Stade (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283ta\u02d0d\u0259]), officially the Hanseatic City of Stade (German: Hansestadt Stade, Low German: Hansestadt Stood) is a city in Lower Saxony in northern Germany. First mentioned in records in 934, it is the seat of the district (Landkreis) which bears its name. It is located roughly 45 km (28 mi) to the west of Hamburg and belongs to that city's wider metropolitan region. Within the area of the city are the urban districts of B\u00fctzfleth, Hagen, Haddorf and Wiepenkathen, each of which have a council (Ortsrat) of their own with some autonomous decision-making rights.\nStade is located in the lower regions of the river Elbe. It is also on the German Timber-Frame Road.", "Q956611": "Clay LaVerne Shaw (March 17, 1913 \u2013 August 15, 1974) was a businessman in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was the only person prosecuted in connection with the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and was acquitted.", "Q321539": "Shmuel Ashkenasi (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05d0\u05e9\u05db\u05e0\u05d6\u05d9\u200e; born January 11, 1941) is an Israeli violinist and teacher.", "Q842116": "George Ernest \"Chinese\" Morrison (4 February 1862 \u2013 30 May 1920) was an Australian journalist, political adviser to and representative of the government of the Republic of China during the First World War and owner of the then largest Asiatic library ever assembled.", "Q110748": "Rolf Sch\u00fcbel (born 11 November 1942 in Stuttgart, Germany) is a German film director and screenwriter.\nSch\u00fcbel studied literature and sociology during the 1960s, first in T\u00fcbingen, and later in Hamburg. There he met filmmaker Theo Gallehr and assisted at his documentary Landfriedensbruch (1967). However, the film was not shown in television but went directly to the film archives; the NDR (North German Broadcasting Studios) as employer refused to broadcast the film because its statement was viewed as to radical.Nevertheless, Gallehr and Sch\u00fcbel produced a number of films for the NDR and WDR afterwards. For their documentary Der deutsche Kleinst\u00e4dter (1968) they received the Adolf Grimme Award, as well as for Rote Fahnen sieht man besser (1971) concerning the closure of a chemical plant in Krefeld.\nIn 1972 Sch\u00fcbel founded his own production company. In the following years he created the film portraits Nachruf auf eine Bestie (1983) concerning the child murderer J\u00fcrgen Bartsch and Der Indianer (1987) about a man with laryngeal cancer. The film was based on the autobiographical tale of Leonhard Lenz. Both films received various awards.\nHis first feature film directed Sch\u00fcbel in 1990 with Das Heimweh des Walerjan Wr\u00f3bel. The film tells the story of a Polish teenager under the regime of forced labor in Germany during World War II in northern Germany and who was later was sentenced to death by the Nazi regime for a minor misdemeanor.\nIn 1992/93 Sch\u00fcbel made a two-part TV documentary about the battle of Stalingrad Todfeinde. Vom Sterben und \u00dcberleben in Stalingrad in which his Russian co-director Grigori Chukhrai as well as other Russian and German survivors told about their experiences during the battle. The film was a German-Russian co-production.\nSch\u00fcbel's international breakthrough came with the 1999 film Ein Lied von Liebe und Tod (Gloomy Sunday \u2014 A Song of Love and Death; it is set in Budapest of the 1930s and tells the story of a woman (Erika Marozs\u00e1n) between three men (Joachim Kr\u00f3l, Ben Becker and Stefano Dionisi). Background is the popular title melody, which was kind of an anthem for suicides during its time. The film won various awards among others the Deutscher Filmpreis, the Bayerischer Filmpreis (Best Feature Film), an honorable mention from the international 2000 Jerusalem Film Festival, the 2000 Audience Award at the S\u00e3o Paulo International Film Festival, and the Audience Choice Award at the St. Louis International Film Festival.\nIn 2001 he wrote and directed the psychodrama Collapse with Sebastian Koch as a journalist who questioned his job critically. In 2002 he directed the drama Blueprint with Franka Potente. In 2004 he made the drama Zeit der W\u00fcnsche. In 2006 and 2007 he made episodes for Tatort.\n\n", "Q1026941": "California State University, Sacramento (CSUS, Sacramento State, or informally Sac State) is a public university in Sacramento, California. Founded in 1947 as Sacramento State College, it is the eleventh oldest school in the 23-campus California State University system. The university enrolls approximately 31,500 students annually, has an alumni base of more than 240,000 and awards 7,838 degrees annually. The university offers 151 different Bachelor's degrees, 69 Master's degrees, 28 types of teaching credentials, and 2 Doctoral degrees. The university also has extensions in Singapore, offering a unique IMBA (International Master's in Business Administration). It is consistently one of the top three destinations among all universities in the state for California Community College students, welcoming over 4,000 new transfers each academic year.The campus sits on 300 acres, covered with over 3,500 trees and over 1,200 resting in the University Arboretum (formerly the Goethe Arboretum). The university is the site of two National Register of Historic Places, the Julia Morgan House and the terminus of the Pony Express. The Arbor Day Foundation officially declared the university \"Tree Campus USA\" in 2012.", "Q327148": "Peter Norman Nissen, (6 August 1871 \u2013 2 March 1930) was a Canadian-American-British mining engineer, inventor and army officer. He held a number of patents for his inventions and developed the Nissen hut prefabricated shelter during the First World War.", "Q234120": "Jane Therese Curtin (born September 6, 1947) is an American actress and comedian. She is sometimes referred to as \"Queen of the Deadpan\"; The Philadelphia Inquirer once called her a \"refreshing drop of acid.\" She was included on a 1986 list of the \"Top Prime Time Actors and Actresses of All Time.\"First coming to prominence as an original cast member on the hit TV comedy series Saturday Night Live in 1975, she went on to win back-to-back Emmy Awards for Best Lead Actress in a Comedy Series on the 1980s sitcom Kate & Allie portraying the role of Allison \"Allie\" Lowell. Curtin later starred in the hit series 3rd Rock from the Sun (1996\u20132001), playing the role of Dr. Mary Albright.\nCurtin has also appeared in many movie roles, including Charlene in The Librarian series of movies (2004\u20132008). She also reprised one of her Saturday Night Live characters, Prymaat (Clorhone) Conehead, in the 1993 film Coneheads.", "Q4091855": "Big School-Break (or Big Break translit. Bolshaya Peremena, Russian: \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430) is a Soviet 1972 TV miniseries in 4 episodes. Its USA screen name is The Long Recess, and it is loosely based on Georgi Sadovnikov's novel \"Walk towards people\" (\u0418\u0434\u0443 \u043a \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c).", "Q183134": "Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its tissues and organs. Common signs and symptoms include fever, increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, and confusion. There may also be symptoms related to a specific infection, such as a cough with pneumonia, or painful urination with a kidney infection. The very young, old, and people with a weakened immune system may have no symptoms of a specific infection, and the body temperature may be low or normal instead of having a fever. Severe sepsis is sepsis causing poor organ function or blood flow. The presence of low blood pressure, high blood lactate, or low urine output may suggest poor blood flow. Septic shock is low blood pressure due to sepsis that does not improve after fluid replacement.Sepsis is an inflammatory immune response triggered by an infection. Bacterial infections are the most common cause, but fungal, viral, and protozoan infections can also lead to sepsis. Common locations for the primary infection include the lungs, brain, urinary tract, skin, and abdominal organs. Risk factors include being very young, older age, a weakened immune system from conditions such as cancer or diabetes, major trauma, or burns. Previously, a sepsis diagnosis required the presence of at least two systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria in the setting of presumed infection. In 2016, a shortened sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA score), known as the quick SOFA score (qSOFA), replaced the SIRS system of diagnosis. qSOFA criteria for sepsis include at least two of the following three: increased breathing rate, change in the level of consciousness, and low blood pressure. Sepsis guidelines recommend obtaining blood cultures before starting antibiotics; however, the diagnosis does not require the blood to be infected. Medical imaging is helpful when looking for the possible location of the infection. Other potential causes of similar signs and symptoms include anaphylaxis, adrenal insufficiency, low blood volume, heart failure, and pulmonary embolism.Sepsis requires immediate treatment with intravenous fluids and antimicrobials. Ongoing care often continues in an intensive care unit. If an adequate trial of fluid replacement is not enough to maintain blood pressure, then the use of medications that raise blood pressure becomes necessary. Mechanical ventilation and dialysis may be needed to support the function of the lungs and kidneys, respectively. A central venous catheter and an arterial catheter may be placed for access to the bloodstream and to guide treatment. Other helpful measurements include cardiac output and superior vena cava oxygen saturation. People with sepsis need preventive measures for deep vein thrombosis, stress ulcers, and pressure ulcers unless other conditions prevent such interventions. Some might benefit from tight control of blood sugar levels with insulin. The use of corticosteroids is controversial, with some reviews finding benefit, and others not.Disease severity partly determines the outcome. The risk of death from sepsis is as high as 30%, as high as 50% from severe sepsis, and up to 80% from septic shock. Sepsis affected about 49 million people in 2017, with 11 million deaths (1 in 5 deaths worldwide). In the developed world, approximately 0.2 to 3 people per 1000 are affected by sepsis yearly, resulting in about a million cases per year in the United States. Rates of disease have been increasing. Sepsis is more common among males than females. Descriptions of sepsis date back to the time of Hippocrates. The terms \"septicemia\" and \"blood poisoning\" have been used in various ways and are no longer recommended.", "Q1541287": "Grady Harwell Sutton (April 5, 1906 \u2013 September 17, 1995) was an American film and television actor from the 1920s to the 1970s. He appeared in more than 180 films.", "Q69265": "Airolo (Air\u00f6\u00f6 in Lombard, in Romansh: Iriel ) is a municipality in the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q115630": "Peter Bieri (born 23 June 1944), better known by his pseudonym, Pascal Mercier, is a Swiss writer and philosopher.\n\n", "Q2034815": "The San Francisco Conservatory of Music (SFCM) is a private music school in San Francisco, California. About 400 undergraduate and graduate students are enrolled at the school which also includes a Pre-College Division for young musicians.", "Q473030": "Douglas Kennedy (born January 1, 1955) is an American novelist.", "Q2291": "Antonio Griffo Focas Flavio Angelo Ducas Comneno Porfirogenito Gagliardi de Curtis di Bisanzio (15 February 1898 \u2013 15 April 1967), best known by his stage name Tot\u00f2 (Italian pronunciation: [to\u02c8t\u0254]) or simply as Antonio de Curtis, and nicknamed il Principe della risata (\"the Prince of laughter\"), was an Italian actor, comedian, writer, poet, singer and lyricist. He was commonly referred to as the most popular Italian performers of all time. He is best known for his funny and sometimes cynical character as a comedian in theatre and then in many successful films shot from the 1940s to the 1960s, all regularly still on TV, but he also worked with many iconic Italian film directors in dramatic/poetic roles.While he first gained his popularity as a comic actor, his dramatic roles, poetry, and songs are all deemed to be outstanding; Writer and philosopher Umberto Eco has thus commented on the importance of Tot\u00f2 in Italian culture:\n\n\"[...] in this globalized world where it seems that everyone sees the same movies and eats the same food, there are still unbridgeable divisions between cultures. How can two peoples ever come to understand each other when one of them is ignorant of Tot\u00f2?\"\nMario Monicelli, who directed some of the most appreciated of Tot\u00f2's movies, thus described his artistic value:\n\nWith Tot\u00f2, we got it all wrong. He was a genius, not just a grandiose actor. And we constrained him, reduced him, forced him into a common human being, and thus clipped his wings.", "Q912053": "Brian Douglas Kerns (born May 22, 1957) served as a Republican Representative from Indiana's 7th Congressional District from January 3, 2001 to January 3, 2003.\nKerns was born in Terre Haute, Indiana. He has both a B.A. and an M.P.A. from Indiana State University. He is the son-in-law of Representative John T. Myers. He is married and has five children.\nPrior to serving in Congress, Kerns was an administrator at St. Joseph's College, and a television journalist. Kerns also was an aide to Representative Edward A. Pease and served as his chief of staff.", "Q334652": "Stereolab are an English-French avant-pop band formed in London in 1990. Led by the songwriting team of Tim Gane and L\u00e6titia Sadier, the group's music combines influences from krautrock, lounge and 1960s pop music, often incorporating a repetitive motorik beat with heavy use of vintage electronic keyboards and female vocals sung in English and French. On stage, they play in a more feedback-driven and guitar-oriented style. The band also draw from funk, jazz and Brazilian music, and were one of the first artists to be dubbed \"post-rock\". They are regarded among the most innovative and influential groups of the 1990s.\nStereolab were formed by Gane (guitar and keyboards) and Sadier (vocals, keyboards and guitar) after the break-up of McCarthy. The two were romantically involved for fourteen years and are the group's only consistent members. Drawing from Surrealist and Situationist movements, their songs have political and philosophical themes. Other longtime members include 1992 addition Mary Hansen (backing vocals, keyboards and guitar), who died in 2002, and 1993 addition Andy Ramsay (drums). The High Llamas' leader Sean O'Hagan (guitar and keyboards) was a member from 1993 to 1994 and continued appearing on later records for occasional guest appearances.\nAlthough Stereolab found success in the underground music scene and were influential enough to spark a renewed interest in older analogue instruments, they have never had a significant commercial impact. The band were released from their recording contract with Elektra Records due to poor record sales, and their self-owned label Duophonic signed a distribution deal with Too Pure and later Warp Records. After a ten-year hiatus, the band reunited for live performances in 2019.", "Q220155": "John Berkenhout (8 July 1726 \u2013 3 April 1791) was an English physician, naturalist and miscellaneous writer. He was educated as a physician at Edinburgh and Leyden. While at Edinburgh he published a botanical lexicon Clavis Anglicae Linguae Botanicae. He published several works on natural history, including Outlines of the Natural History of Great Britain and Ireland (1769) and Synopsis of the Natural History of Great Britain and Ireland (1789). He served as a British agent in the colonies during the American Revolution.", "Q79076": "Otto Wilhelm Fischer (1 April 1915 \u2013 29 January 2004) was an Austrian film and theatre actor, a leading man of West German cinema during the Wirtschaftswunder era of the 1950s and 1960s.", "Q142768": "Karol Wac\u0142aw \u015awierczewski (pronounced [\u02c8kar\u0254l \u0255fj\u025br\u02c8t\u0361\u0282\u025bfsk\u02b2i]; callsign Walter; 10 February 1897 \u2013 28 March 1947) was Pole serving as the Red Army general. He was a Bolshevik party member and Soviet officer in the wars fought abroad by the Soviet Union including the one against Polish as well as Ukrainian Republics and in Republican Spain. In 1939 he participated in the Soviet invasion of Poland again. At the end of World War II in Europe he was installed as one of leaders of the Soviet-sponsored Polish Provisional Government of National Unity. Soon later, \u015awierczewski died in a country-road ambush shot by the militants from OUN-UPA. He was an icon of communist propaganda for the following several decades.", "Q1742722": "Theodor Hassek (born 11 April 1929 in Linz; died 28 October 2009 in Vienna) was an Austrian composer and musician.", "Q1097422": "Mike Smith (born on October 11, 1973) is a musician, best known as the former guitarist of Snot, TheStart, and Limp Bizkit. Currently he is the singer and guitarist for the band Shedding Light (previously known as Evolver). Mike Smith also appeared in Staind's music video \"Outside\".", "Q67248": "Joachim Wilhelm von Brawe (4 February 1738 \u2013 7 April 1758) was a German poet from Wei\u00dfenfels.", "Q191530": "Abdullah \u00d6calan ( OH-j\u0259-lahn; Turkish: [\u0153d\u0292a\u026ban]; born c. 1947), also known as Apo (short for both Abdullah and \"uncle\" in Kurdish), is a Kurdish leftist political theoretician, political prisoner and one of the founding members of the militant Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).\u00d6calan was arrested in 1999 by the Turkish National Intelligence Agency (MIT) with the support of the CIA in Nairobi and taken to Turkey, where he was sentenced to death under Article 125 of the Turkish Penal Code, which concerns the formation of armed organisations.The sentence was commuted to aggravated life imprisonment when Turkey abolished the death penalty in support of its bid to be admitted to membership in the European Union. From 1999 until 2009, he was the sole prisoner on \u0130mral\u0131 island, in the Sea of Marmara. \u00d6calan now argues that the period of armed warfare is past and a political solution to the Kurdish question should be developed. The conflict between Turkey and the PKK has resulted in over 40,000 deaths, including PKK members, the Turkish military, and civilians, both Kurdish and Turkish.From prison, \u00d6calan has published several books. Jineology, also known as the science of women, is a form of feminism advocated by \u00d6calan and subsequently a fundamental tenet of the Kurdistan Communities Union.", "Q5716684": "Dance is a performing art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement. This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by its historical period or place of origin.\nAn important distinction is to be drawn between the contexts of theatrical and participatory dance, although these two categories are not always completely separate; both may have special functions, whether social, ceremonial, competitive, erotic, martial, or sacred/liturgical. Other forms of human movement are sometimes said to have a dance-like quality, including martial arts, gymnastics, cheerleading, figure skating, synchronised swimming, marching bands, and many other forms of athletics.", "Q288": "Tours ( TOOR, French: [tu\u0281] (listen)) is a city in the west of France. It is the administrative centre of the Indre-et-Loire department and the largest city in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France (although it is not the capital, which is the region's second-largest city, Orl\u00e9ans). In 2012, the city of Tours had 134,978 inhabitants, and the population of the whole metropolitan area was 483,744.\nTours stands on the lower reaches of the Loire river, between Orl\u00e9ans and the Atlantic coast. The surrounding district, the traditional province of Touraine, is known for its wines, for the alleged perfection (as perceived by some speakers and for historical reasons) of its local spoken French, and for the Battle of Tours (732). The city is also the end-point of the annual Paris\u2013Tours cycle race.\n\n", "Q231058": "Shailene Diann Woodley (born November 15, 1991) is an American actress, film producer, and activist. Brought up in Simi Valley, California, Woodley began modeling at the age of four and began acting professionally in minor television roles. She first gained prominence for her starring role as Amy Juergens in the ABC Family drama series The Secret Life of the American Teenager (2008\u20132013).\nWoodley made her film debut in Alexander Payne's comedy-drama The Descendants (2011) and went on to star in the coming of age film The Spectacular Now (2013). For the former, she received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Motion Picture and the latter won her a special jury prize at the Sundance Film Festival. She achieved wider recognition for her starring role as a teenage cancer patient in the romantic drama The Fault in Our Stars (2014) and as Beatrice Prior in the science fiction film The Divergent Series (2014\u20132016). From 2017 to 2019, she played a sexual assault survivor in the HBO drama series Big Little Lies, for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award.\nWoodley is an environmental activist and has served as a board member of the super PAC Our Revolution.", "Q2421745": "Aftershock: Earthquake in New York is a 1999 miniseries that was broadcast in the United States on CBS in two parts, with the first part aired on November 14 and the second on November 16. It was released to VHS in 2000, and on DVD in 2001. It is based on a book written by Chuck Scarborough. Starring Charles S. Dutton, Sharon Lawrence, Tom Skerritt, Lisa Nicole Carson, Jennifer Garner, Rachel Ticotin and Frederick Weller. under the direction of Mikael Salomon, the miniseries follows five groups of people in the aftermath of a large earthquake hitting New York City.\nIt was nominated for an Emmy Award for its special effects. While critics praised the special effects and cast, they panned the film for its implausible scenario, predictability, and lack of realism.", "Q66142": "Deitingen is a municipality in the district of Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q102358": "Hans Wilhelm Sch\u00fc\u00dfler (February 28, 1928 \u2013 December 9, 2007) was a German telecommunications engineer, professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, an IEEE Fellow and a pioneer in communications systems and digital signal processing.", "Q334646": "William Michael Hardy Spicer, Baron Spicer, (22 January 1943 \u2013 29 May 2019) was a British politician and life peer who was a Conservative member of the House of Lords from 2010. He served as Member of Parliament for West Worcestershire from 1974 to 2010 and was a minister from 1984 to 1990. He later served as chairman of the 1922 Committee from 2001 to 2010.", "Q153671": "Naked News is a Canadian news and entertainment program owned by Naked Broadcasting Network. It features nude female news presenters reading news bulletins derived from news wires. The show's production studio is located in Toronto, Canada. There are six daily news programs a week and they are approximately 22 minutes long. The female cast members either read the news fully nude, or disrobe as they present their various segments, including entertainment, sports, movies, food, sex and relationships. Naked News TV! is an offshoot of the web program and is broadcast on pay TV in various countries around the world.The show recruits women from around the world to appear on a regular basis or as guest reporters. Their auditions, where women try out for the program, is one of the most popular segments and generates the most viewer feedback. Another popular segment is Naked in the Streets, where a reporter will go topless in the street and ask the public about topics.", "Q187346": "Constantine (Arabic: \u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629\u200e Qusan\u1e6d\u012bnah), also spelled Qacentina or Kasantina, is the capital of Constantine Province in northeastern Algeria. During Roman times it was called Cirta and was renamed \"Constantina\" in honor of emperor Constantine the Great. It was the capital of the French department of Constantine until 1962. Located somewhat inland, Constantine is about 80 kilometres (50 miles) from the Mediterranean coast, on the banks of the tiny Rhumel River (more of a brook).\nConstantine is regarded as the capital of eastern Algeria and the commercial center of its region, and it has a population of about 450,000 (938,475 with the agglomeration), making it the third largest city in the country after Algiers and Oran. There are several museums and historical sites located around the city. Constantine is often referred to as the \"City of Bridges\" due to the numerous picturesque bridges connecting the various hills, valleys, and ravines that the city is built on and around.\nConstantine was named the Arab Capital of Culture in 2015.\n\n", "Q1370215": "Founded in 1938, the Estonian Academy of Sciences (Estonian: Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia) is Estonia's national academy of science in Tallinn. As with other national academies, it is an independent group of well-known scientists whose stated aim is to promote research and development, encourage international scientific cooperation, and disseminate knowledge to the public. As of March 2017, it had 77 full members and 20 foreign members. Since 15 October 2014, the president of the Academy is the mathematician Tarmo Soomere.", "Q372613": "Phill Lewis (born February 14, 1968) is an American actor, comedian and director, known for his role as Mr. Moseby on the Disney Channel series The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and its spin-off, The Suite Life on Deck. Lewis has also appeared in series such as Lizzie McGuire, Friends, The Wayans Bros, Scrubs and How I Met Your Mother.\n\n", "Q1640653": "Herman \"Hymie\" Shertzer or Schertzer (April 22, 1909 \u2013 March 22, 1977) was an American jazz saxophonist, best known for his long-term association with Benny Goodman.\nShertzer was born in New York City, began playing violin when he was nine years old and picked up saxophone when he was a teenager. He worked as a sideman for Gene Kardos at the club Birdland, then joined Benny Goodman's band, where he was the lead saxophonist until 1938, though he recorded with Goodman intermittently until the mid-1940s. He was in Tommy Dorsey's band from 1938-1940, and also recorded in the late 1930s with Bunny Berigan and Lionel Hampton. He worked with Billie Holiday in 1941 and again in 1944, then became a house musician for NBC radio and television. He worked as a session player for studio recordings of Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, Sarah Vaughan, Sy Oliver, Louis Armstrong, and Artie Shaw in the period 1947-1953, and continued working with Goodman live, on television, and on record from 1951 until 1969. He was a member of the Tonight Show Band during its Johnny Carson era and was active in recording sessions until the mid-1970s. He died in New York City aged 67.", "Q521776": "Thomas Rundle Reilly MBE (August 21, 1919 \u2013 September 25, 2000) was a Canadian-born harmonica player, predominantly based in England. He began studying violin at eight and began playing harmonica at aged eleven as a member of his father's band. In the 1940s, he began parallel careers as a concert soloist and recitalist, a popular radio and TV performer, and a studio musician-composer.", "Q197155": "Eileen Chang (September 30, 1920 \u2013 September 8, 1995), also known as Zhang Ailing or Chang Ai-ling, was a Chinese-born American essayist, novelist, and screenwriter.\nChang was born with an aristocratic lineage and educated bilingually in Shanghai. She gained literary prominence in Japanese-occupied Shanghai between 1943 and 1945. However, her meteoric rise was short-lived due to her wartime marriage to Hu Lancheng, who was deemed as a Japanese collaborator, and the Communist takeover of China, after which she fled the country. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, she was rediscovered by scholars such as C. T. Hsia and Shui Jing. Together with the re-examination of literary histories in the post-Mao era during the late 1970s and early 1980s, her work became popular once again among Taiwan, Hong Kong, Mainland China, and the Chinese diaspora communities.Chang\u2019s most important contribution was her construction of an alternative wartime narrative, one that deviated from the grand accounts of national salvation and revolution. In her most important works, her impressionistic view of modern history displays colors, lines, shapes, textures, and moods, which are often crystallized in the changing styles of women\u2019s clothes.", "Q16575965": "Horror is a genre of speculative fiction which is intended to frighten, scare, disgust, or startle its readers by inducing feelings of horror and terror. Literary historian J. A. Cuddon defined the horror story as \"a piece of fiction in prose of variable length... which shocks, or even frightens the reader, or perhaps induces a feeling of repulsion or loathing\". It creates an eerie and frightening atmosphere. Horror is frequently supernatural, though it might also be non-supernatural. Often the central menace of a work of horror fiction can be interpreted as a metaphor for the larger fears of a society.", "Q1286597": "Jovan \u0110or\u0111evi\u0107 (Senta, Serbia, 13 November 1826 \u2013 Belgrade, Serbia, 9 April 1900) was a Serbian writer, dramatist, Minister of Education and the co-founder of the Novi Sad Serbian National Theatre in 1861, the National Theatre in Belgrade in 1868 and the Academy of Dramatic Art (Serbian: Gluma\u010dka akademija) in 1870. He is most famous for writing the lyrics to the Serbian National anthem Bo\u017ee pravde in 1872.", "Q520468": "Kateryna Ihorivna Taranenko n\u00e9e Humenyuk (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0406\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; born 4 July 1994), known professionally as Assol (Ukrainian: \u0410\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c), is a Ukrainian singer. In 2016, she participated in the Ukrainian edition of The Voice.", "Q26566": "Stanford Robert Ovshinsky (November 24, 1922 \u2013 October 17, 2012) was an American engineer, scientist and inventor who over a span of fifty years was granted well over 400 patents, mostly in the areas of energy and information. Many of his inventions have had wide ranging applications. Among the most prominent are: an environmentally friendly nickel-metal hydride battery, which has been widely used in laptop computers, digital cameras, cell phones, and electric and hybrid cars; flexible thin-film solar energy laminates and panels; flat screen liquid crystal displays; rewritable CD and DVD discs; hydrogen fuel cells; and nonvolatile phase-change memory.Ovshinsky opened the scientific field of amorphous and disordered materials in the course of his research in the 1940s and 50s in neurophysiology, neural disease, the nature of intelligence in mammals and machines, and cybernetics. Amorphous silicon semiconductors have become the basis of many technologies and industries. Ovshinsky is also distinguished in being self-taught, without formal college or graduate training. Throughout his life, his love for science and his social convictions were the primary engines for his inventive work.In 1960, Ovshinsky and his soon-to-be second wife, Iris Dibner, founded Energy Conversion Laboratory in a storefront in Detroit, dedicating the laboratory to the solution of important societal problems using science and technology. Focusing on the critical areas of energy and information, their new company, reconstituted in 1964 as Energy Conversion Devices (ECD), went on to become a forefront invention and development laboratory whose products have built new industries, many of them aimed at making fossil fuel obsolete. ECD continues (through joint ventures and license partners) to be a leading solar energy and battery production firm.Roughly a year after Iris Ovshinsky's death in August 2006, Ovshinsky left ECD and established a new company, Ovshinsky Innovation LLC, devoted to developing the scientific basis for new energy and information technologies. In October 2007 he married Rosa Young, a physicist who had worked at ECD on numerous energy technologies including a hydrogen-powered hybrid car and on Ovshinsky's vision of a hydrogen-based economy.", "Q19796": "Cai Yuanpei was a Chinese philosopher and politician. He was the president of Peking University, and helped to transform the university into the country's largest institution of higher learning, with 14 departments and an enrollment of more than 2,000 students. Cai Yuanpei was also founder of the Academia Sinica and Shanghai Conservatory of Music. He was known for his critical evaluation of Chinese culture and synthesis of Chinese and Western thinking, including anarchism. At Peking University he assembled influential figures in the New Culture and May Fourth Movements.\n\n", "Q70720": "Nesslau is a municipality in the Toggenburg district of the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland.\nThe current municipality was formed in 2013 and includes the villages of Nesslau, Krummenau and Stein.", "Q229603": "Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle is a 2003 American action comedy film directed by McG and written by John August, and Cormac and Marianne Wibberley. It is the sequel to 2000's Charlie's Angels and the second installment in the Charlie's Angels film series, which is a continuation of the story that began with the television series of the same name by Ivan Goff and Ben Roberts.\nIn an ensemble cast, Cameron Diaz, Drew Barrymore and Lucy Liu reprise their roles as the three women working for the Townsend Agency. Crispin Glover, Matt LeBlanc and Luke Wilson also reprise their roles from the first film. It also features Justin Theroux, Demi Moore and Bernie Mac as John Bosley's half-brother while Robert Patrick, Shia LaBeouf, John Cleese and Ja'net DuBois appear in supporting roles. Jaclyn Smith reprised her role as Kelly Garrett from the original series for a cameo appearance. John Forsythe also reprised his role as Charlie's voice from the series and previous film for the last time. It was his final film role before his retirement and his death in 2010.\nIt was released in the United States on June 27, 2003 by Sony Pictures Releasing under its Columbia Pictures label and was number one at the box office for that weekend, also making a worldwide total of $259.2 million. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for the performances of Diaz, Barrymore and Liu, but criticism aimed at the \"bland plot and lack of sense\".\nA third installment, Charlie's Angels, with a new generation of Angels, was released on November 15, 2019.", "Q185551": "Ram\u00f3n Mar\u00eda Narv\u00e1ez y Campos, 1st Duke of Valencia (5 August 1800 \u2013 23 April 1868) was a Spanish general and statesman who was Prime Minister of Spain on several occasions.\n\n", "Q64755": "Merenschwand is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. The municipality of Benzenschwil merged on 1 January 2012 into Merenschwand. The current mayor is the esteemed Selina Sch\u00e4r who took office after emigrating from Zurich to Merenschwand.", "Q316381": "Carl Jonas Love Ludvig Almqvist (28 November 1793 \u2013 26 September 1866 ) was Swedish author, romantic poet, realist, composer and social critic.", "Q326242": "Jaime Vendera is known for filming MythBusters, where he shattered a wine glass using his voice.\nVendera is an author and vocal coach.", "Q86908": "Ferdinand Joseph Meinolph Anton Maria Freiherr von L\u00fcninck (3 August 1888 \u2013 14 November 1944) was a German landowner and officer.\nBorn in Ostwig, Province of Westphalia, Ferdinand Freiherr von L\u00fcninck was married to Auguste Freiin von Gaugreben-Sch\u00f6nau, with whom he had two daughters and three sons.\nFerdinand Freiherr von L\u00fcninck studied law and eventually adopted a career in government. After the First World War, he was until 1922 District Administrator (Landrat) in Neuss. Later, after his father's death, he moved back to his family home to administer the estate, and became active in the Westphalia Landwirtschaftskammer, a body representing and regulating matters relating to rural interests and forests. Within the German National People's Party (Deutschnationale Volkspartei; DNVP) he first supported the course that the Nazis were taking. From 1933 to 1938, he was the premier (Oberpr\u00e4sident) of the Province of Westphalia, and until 1943, he was in the military as a battalion commander in Potsdam. He was then involved in the plans to overthrow Hitler on 20 July 1944, after having met Carl Friedrich Goerdeler and Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg in Berlin in 1943. He was foreseen as Political Commissioner for Defence District XX (Danzig, nowadays Gda\u0144sk, Poland). He was arrested on 25 July 1944, after the plot failed. He was sentenced at the Volksgerichtshof on 13 November 1944 to death and hanged at Pl\u00f6tzensee Prison in Berlin the next day.", "Q899706": "The Peru\u2013Bolivian Confederation was a short-lived state that existed in South America between 1836 and 1839. The country was a loose confederation between the states of Peru, divided into the Republic of North Peru and the Republic of South Peru, and Bolivia, with the capital located in Tacna. The Peru\u2013Bolivian Confederation's formation was personally influenced by Marshal Andr\u00e9s de Santa Cruz, the President of Bolivia, who served as the first and only head of state under the title \"Supreme Protector\".\nThe Peru\u2013Bolivian Confederation was opposed by neighboring countries from its inception, particularly Chile and Argentina, as a potential military and economic threat, and for its support for dissidents in exile. The War of the Confederation was triggered shortly after its formation when Chile and Argentina independently invaded the country. Argentina was defeated in 1837, but a combined force of Chile and North Peruvian dissidents known as the United Restoration Army were victorious at the Battle of Yungay in January 1839, which de facto ended the confederation as Peru and Bolivia were restored as independent states, and Santa Cruz fled into exile. The Peru\u2013Bolivian Confederation was officially declared dissolved on August 25, 1839, by General Agust\u00edn Gamarra after his appointment as President of Peru.", "Q650889": "Derek Roddy (born August 28, 1972) is an American drummer and snake breeder, originally from Deerfield Beach, Florida. His ability to record entire drum tracks in one or two takes earned him the nickname \"One Take\".Derek has gained a reputation worldwide as an extreme metal drummer. Though he may be known as the second drummer of Hate Eternal, he has also played and recorded with Nile, Malevolent Creation, Divine Empire, Council of the Fallen (where he also played guitar), Today Is the Day, Traumedy and Aurora Borealis. On March 28, 2006, Derek Roddy announced his departure from Hate Eternal. In February 2006, Roddy was briefly named as the drummer for Blotted Science, but was unable to record due to conflicting schedules. Lamb of God drummer Chris Adler had also been considered for the project. Around 2007, Roddy started an instrumental band called Serpents Rise, which almost immediately grabbed the attention of drummers around the world. Serpents Rise is often referred to by fans as having an obscure sound for their bizarre guitar parts and incorporation of various percussion instruments.\nIn 2010 Roddy was one out of seven drummers who auditioned to replace Mike Portnoy as the drummer for Dream Theater.\nSince his departure from Hate Eternal in 2006, he has become a featured drum clinician for several companies, including Meinl Cymbals, Vater Percussion, and Sonor Drums (later DW). He's performed at the Singapore Drum Festival, NAMM Show, Meinl Drum Festival, DrummerLive, PASIC, and at the 2008 Modern Drummer Festival\u2013a performance which has since been released in the DVD format by Hudson Music.", "Q234134": "Nancy Grace Augusta Wake, (30 August 1912 \u2013 7 August 2011) (also known as Nancy Fiocca)\nwas a New Zealand-born nurse and journalist who joined the French Resistance and later the Special Operations Executive (SOE) during World War II, and briefly pursued a post-war career as an intelligence officer in the Air Ministry. The official historian of the SOE, M.R.D. Foot, said that \u201cher irrepressible, infectious, high spirits were a joy to everyone who worked with her.\u201dWake was living in Marseille with her French industrialist husband, Henri Fiocca, when the war broke out. After the fall of France to Nazi Germany in 1940, Wake became a courier for the Pat O'Leary escape network led by Ian Garrow and, later, Albert Gu\u00e9risse. As a member of the escape network, she helped Allied airmen evade capture by the Germans and escape to neutral Spain. In 1943, when the Germans became aware of her, she escaped to Spain and continued on to the United Kingdom. Her husband was captured and executed.After reaching Britain, Wake joined the Special Operations Executive (SOE) under the code name \u201cH\u00e9l\u00e8ne\u201d. On April 29\u201330, 1944 as a member of a three-person SOE team code-named \u201cFreelance\u201d, Wake parachuted into the Allier department of occupied France to liaise between the SOE and several Maquis groups in the Auvergne region, which were loosely overseen by Emile Coulaudon (code name \u201cGaspard\u201d). She participated in a battle between the Maquis and a large German force in June 1944. In the aftermath of the battle, she claimed to have bicycled 500 kilometers to send a situation report to SOE in London.Wake was a recipient of the George Medal from the United Kingdom, the Medal of Freedom from the United States, the Legion of Honor from France, and medals from Australia and New Zealand. In 1985, she published her autobiography, The White Mouse, the title derived from what the Germans called her.\n\n", "Q72137": "August Rohling (15 February 1839 at Neuenkirchen, Province of Westphalia, Prussia \u2013 23 January 1931 in Salzburg) was a German Catholic theologian, student of anti-Semitic texts, and polemical author.\nHe studied at M\u00fcnster and Paris, and became professor successively at the University of M\u00fcnster, Milwaukee, and Charles University in Prague, retiring in 1901.\nHe wrote polemics against Protestantism and Judaism. Of his anti-Jewish works Der Talmudjude (M\u00fcnster, 1871) became a standard work for anti-Semitic authors and journalists. It is a faulty abstract of the Entdecktes Judenthum of Johann Andreas Eisenmenger.\nThe book first appeared when Bismarck inaugurated his anti-Catholic legislation, as a retort to the attacks made by liberal journals on the dogma of papal infallibility and on Jesuitic textbooks. The book was extensively quoted by the Catholic press, but it did not become a political force until the appearance of anti-Semitism, and the Tiszaeszl\u00e1r Affair in 1883. Franz Delitzsch defended Judaism against the attacks of Rohling. At the same time Josef Samuel Bloch wrote articles in which he accused Rohling of ignorance and of forgery of the texts. Rohling sued Bloch for libel, but withdrew the suit at the last moment. Later on he greeted the appearance of Zionism as the solution of the Jewish question and wrote a pamphlet against G\u00fcdemann's \"Das Judenthum in Seinen Grundz\u00fcgen,\" etc.\nThose of Rohling's works which concern the Jews are, in addition to \"Der Talmudjude\": \n\n\"Katechismus des 19. Jahrhunderts f\u00fcr Juden und Protestanten,\" Mayence, 1878\n\"Franz Delitzsch und die Judenfrage,\" Prague, 1881\n\"F\u00fcnf Briefe \u00fcber den Talmudismus und das Blutritual der Juden,\" ib. 1881\n\"Die Polemik und das Menschenopfer des Rabbinismus,\" Paderborn, 1883;\n\"Die Ehre Israels: Neue Briefe an die Juden,\" Prague, 1889\n\"Auf nach Zion,\" ib. 1901\n\"Das Judenthum nach Neurabbinischer Darstellung der Hochfinanz Israels,\" Munich, 1903.Of the polemical literature against Rohling the oldest work is Kroner's \"Entstelltes, Unwahres und Erfundenes in dem Talmudjuden Professor Dr. August Rohling's,\" M\u00fcnster, 1871. Distinguished by scholarship are the two pamphlets of Delitzsch, \"Rohling's Talmudjude Beleuchtet\" (Leipzig, 1881) and \"Schachmatt den Blutl\u00fcgnern Rohling und Justus\" (2d ed., Erlangen, 1883).", "Q97805": "Karl Eduard Arnd (23 February 1802 \u2013 3 September 1874) was a German historian and author who was a native of W\u0105growiec.\nArnd studied at the Universities of Breslau and Berlin. During his career he lived and worked in Paris and Berlin. He is remembered for his numerous works on French history. In Karl Friedrich Becker's Weltgeschichte f\u00fcr Kinder und Kinderlehrer (World History for Children and Teachers of Children), his contributions involved \"Continuation of the French Revolution to the Present\", 1871). A few of his other publications in regards to French history are as follows:\n\nGeschichte des Ursprungs und der Entwickelung des franz\u00f6sischen Volks (History on the origin and evolution of the French people), Leipzig, 1844-46 (3 volumes).\nGeschichte der franz\u00f6sischen Revolution von 1789 bis 1799 (History of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799), Braunschweig, 1851 (six volumes).\nGeschichte der franz\u00f6sischen Nationalliteratur von der Renaissance bis zur Revolution (History of French national literature from the Renaissance to the Revolution), Berlin 1856.Earlier in his career he was the author of several works that did not involve French history, including adaptations and modifications of existing classics such as Shakespeare's Two Gentlemen of Verona, of which he published with the title Die beiden Edelleute in Venedig (Two Noblemen in Venice). Other miscellaneous writings by Arnd are:\n\nDie Geschwister von Rimini (The Siblings of Rimini), Breslau 1829.\nIsraelitische Gedichte. (Israelite Poems), Stuttgart 1829.\nC\u00e4sar und Pompejus (Caesar and Pompey), Hamburg 1833.", "Q646033": "Mari\u00e1n Varga (January 29, 1947 \u2013 August 9, 2017) was a Slovak musician, composer and organist.", "Q89385": "Karl-Siegmund Litzmann (born August 1, 1893 in Minden, \u2020 August 1945 in Kappeln) was General Commissioner for Estonia in the Reichskommissariat Ostland during the German occupation.. \nHe was SA-Obergruppenf\u00fchrer and served from December 5, 1941 to September 17, 1944 in Reval. Karl-Siegmund Litzmann was the son of the general of the infantry Karl Litzmann and uncle of Walter Lehwe\u00df-LitzmannIn late 1944 he became an officer of the Waffen SS, and went missing after the fighting in Hungary and the Czech Republic in spring 1945.\nLitzmann reappeared in May 1945 under a false name in Kappeln (Schleswig-Holstein) where his sister was living, but died there under unexplained circumstances as early as August 1945.", "Q72651": "Heiner Gei\u00dfler (3 March 1930 \u2013 12 September 2017) was a German politician with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party and a federal minister from 1982 to 1985.", "Q467737": "Irina Aleksandrovna Allegrova (Russian: \u0418\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430; born 20 January 1952) is a Russian singer. She is a People's Artist of Russia (2010).", "Q101137": "Yasuo Fukuda (\u798f\u7530 \u5eb7\u592b, Fukuda Yasuo, born 16 July 1936) is a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 2007 to 2008. He was previously the longest-serving Chief Cabinet Secretary in Japanese history, serving in that role from 2000 to 2004 under Prime Ministers Yoshir\u014d Mori and Junichiro Koizumi.Following the resignation of Prime Minister Shinz\u014d Abe, Fukuda was elected as President of the Liberal Democratic Party and became Prime Minister in September 2007. Fukuda was the first son of a former Japanese Prime Minister (Takeo Fukuda) to also take up the post.On 1 September 2008, Fukuda announced his resignation, triggering another LDP leadership election.Although Japan hosted the G8 summit meeting without mishap during Fukuda's time in office, he himself earned little or no credit from ordinary Japanese, and when he resigned, he became the first of the G8 leaders to leave office.", "Q214582": "G\u00f6ran Bror Benny Andersson (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u025b\u030cn\u02d0\u028f \u02c8\u00e2n\u02d0d\u025b\u02cc\u0282\u0254n] (listen); born 16 December 1946) is a Swedish musician, composer, producer, member of the Swedish music group ABBA, and co-composer of the musicals Chess, Kristina fr\u00e5n Duvem\u00e5la, and Mamma Mia!. For the 2008 film version of Mamma Mia! and its 2018 sequel, Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again, he worked also as an executive producer. Since 2001, he has been active with his own band Benny Anderssons orkester.", "Q272607": "Tullia Zevi (n\u00e9e Calabi) (2 February 1919 \u2013 22 January 2011) was an Italian journalist and writer. Zevi's family fled Italy to France and then to the US after the rise of fascism in the 1930s. While in New York City, she married Bruno Zevi. She returned to Europe in 1946, and was one of the few women journalists to report the Nuremberg Trials. On her return to Italy, she played a major role in Interfaith dialog, and was active in Italian Centre-left politics. Zevi was president of the Union of Italian Jewish Communities from 1983 to 1998.", "Q440388": "Kurt Magnus Atterberg (12 December 1887 \u2013 15 February 1974) was a Swedish composer and engineer. He is best known for his symphonies, operas, and ballets.", "Q317921": "Goldene Zeiten is a German film released in 2006. It is the last film in director Peter Thorwarth's trilogy of films set in his hometown Unna, and was preceded by Bang Boom Bang (1999) and If It Don't Fit, Use a Bigger Hammer (2002). It did not meet the box office expectations with less than 100,000 viewers in German cinemas (Bang Boom Bang attracted 460,000, If It Don't Fit, Use a Bigger Hammer 670,000). The film was released on DVD on 26 October 2006, both as a Single DVD and Double DVD Special Edition.\nDirk Benedict appears in a double role as former TV celebrity Douglas Burnett, whose vanishing fame is based on his role as the lead character in fictitious 1980s TV series John Striker, and as his German Doppelg\u00e4nger Horst M\u00fcller who makes a living on impersonating Burnett at shop openings. Burnett is supposed to appear at a charity event at a local golf club, but event manager Ingo Schmitz hires the more affordable M\u00fcller instead, planning to split the pay between them. This replacement goes unnoticed by club president J\u00fcrgen Matthies whose true intentions regarding the golf club are anything but charitable. When his wife hires two Uzbek contract killers to take revenge on her adulterous husband, the situation gets out of hand eventually.", "Q127696": "Abby Brammell (born March 19, 1979) is an American television and stage actress.", "Q117755": "Karl Albrecht Gottlieb Ringier (8 December 1837 \u2013 7 January 1929) was a Swiss politician, President of the Swiss Council of States (1875) and Federal Chancellor (1882\u20131909).\n\n", "Q1689335": "James Ronald Chi (1948 \u2013 26 June 2017) was an Australian composer, musician and playwright. His best known work is the 1990 musical Bran Nue Dae which was adapted for film in 2009.", "Q4552431": "Den Fujita (\u85e4\u7530 \u7530, Fujita Den, March 3, 1926 \u2013 April 21, 2004) was a Japanese founder of McDonald's Japan.", "Q466429": "Carlton Cole \"Carl\" Magee (January 1872 \u2013 February 1946) was an American lawyer and publisher. He also patented the first parking meter which was installed for use. He was born in Iowa. Magee graduated from Upper Iowa University in 1896.\n\nMagee founded the Magee's Independent in 1922, which would change its name to the New Mexico State Tribune in 1923 and to the Albuquerque Tribune in 1933. The Tribune closed in 2008. Magee was important in bringing the Teapot Dome Scandal to the fore. When a judge Magee had once accused of corruption knocked him down in a hotel lobby, Magee drew his pistol and fired, accidentally killing a bystander. Magee was acquitted of manslaughter, but moved to Oklahoma City to run the Oklahoma News. He was the paper's editor until he was transferred to the Oklahoma City News.\nCarl Magee was an attorney and newspaper editor who joined the Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce traffic committee in 1933 and, shortly thereafter, was charged with lessening the escalating traffic congestion in the city's downtown. Local merchants complained that their sales were hurt by low traffic turnover, since parking spaces adjacent to downtown businesses were occupied by the same cars all day. Magee conceived the idea of a coin-operated timer that could be used to increase traffic turnover in busy commercial thoroughfares, and he sponsored a contest at the University of Oklahoma to develop such a device. After the contest, Magee designed and patented his own model and sought Professors H. G. Thuesen and Gerald Hale from Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Oklahoma State University) to help him develop his model into an operating meter. The first model eventually created was powered by a clock-type mainspring, which required subsequent winding by parking patrons after they had fed coins into the meter. Magee later partnered with Gerald Hale to form the Magee-Hale Park-O-Meter Company, predecessor to the modern POM, Inc.\nThe first parking meters were installed in downtown Oklahoma City on July 16, 1935, and charged five cents per hour. Businesses benefited greatly from the decreased parking congestion, but some outraged citizens complained and even initiated legal action in response to installation of the meters. Legal action failed to halt implementation of the meters, however, and the added benefits of revenue generation quickly led other cities to install parking meters of their own.\nThe earliest Magee-Hale meters were manufactured in Oklahoma City and Tulsa, Oklahoma, by Rockwell International, which moved its meter production to Russellville, Arkansas in 1963. POM, Inc., as constituted today was organized in 1976 to purchase the parking meter production operations from Rockwell, as well as its Russellville plant.\nNew ownership and production facility expansion occurred at POM in the 1980s, and POM unveiled its patented \u201cAdvanced Parking Meter\u201d (APM) in 1992, featuring a choice of battery or solar power, among other improvements. According to its website, the company today \u201chas the largest plant in the world devoted to the manufacturing of digital parking meters.\u201d\nMagee switched from Republican to Democrat and ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate.\nHe is best known in journalism today for the E.W. Scripps Company motto, adopted from Dante for the Albuquerque Tribune and which is now carried by all Scripps chain newspapers: \u201cGive Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.\u201d\nMagee died in Tulsa, Oklahoma in February 1946.", "Q280491": "Bad T\u00f6lz is a town in Bavaria, Germany and the administrative center of the Bad T\u00f6lz-Wolfratshausen district.", "Q7151847": "Paul Koslo (June 27, 1944 \u2013 January 9, 2019) was a German-born Canadian actor.", "Q103720": "Ernst Peter Fischer (born 18 January 1947, in Wuppertal) is a German historian of science, and a science publicist.", "Q561434": "Tayeb Salih (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u200e; 12 July 1929 \u2013 18 February 2009) was one of Sudan's greatest authors of the twentieth century.", "Q528752": "Tracy Reiner (born Tracy Henry; July 7, 1964) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in When Harry Met Sally..., Masque of the Red Death, A League of Their Own, and Apollo 13.\n\n", "Q70046": "Ursins is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q77729": "Ursula Martius Franklin (16 September 1921 \u2013 22 July 2016) was a German-Canadian metallurgist, research physicist, author, and educator who taught at the University of Toronto for more than 40 years. She was the author of The Real World of Technology, which is based on her 1989 Massey Lectures; The Ursula Franklin Reader: Pacifism as a Map, a collection of her papers, interviews, and talks; and Ursula Franklin Speaks: Thoughts and Afterthoughts, containing 22 of her speeches and five interviews between 1986 and 2012. Franklin was a practising Quaker and actively worked on behalf of pacifist and feminist causes. She wrote and spoke extensively about the futility of war and the connection between peace and social justice. Franklin received numerous honours and awards, including the Governor General's Award in Commemoration of the Persons Case for promoting the equality of girls and women in Canada and the Pearson Medal of Peace for her work in advancing human rights. In 2012, she was inducted into the Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame. A Toronto high school, Ursula Franklin Academy, has been named in her honour.Franklin is best known for her writings on the political and social effects of technology. For her, technology was much more than machines, gadgets or electronic transmitters. It was a comprehensive system that includes methods, procedures, organization, \"and most of all, a mindset\". She distinguished between holistic technologies used by craft workers or artisans and prescriptive ones associated with a division of labour in large-scale production. Holistic technologies allow artisans to control their own work from start to finish. Prescriptive technologies organize work as a sequence of steps requiring supervision by bosses or managers. Franklin argued that the dominance of prescriptive technologies in modern society discourages critical thinking and promotes \"a culture of compliance\".For some, Franklin belongs in the intellectual tradition of Harold Innis and Jacques Ellul who warn about technology's tendency to suppress freedom and endanger civilization. Franklin herself acknowledged her debt to Ellul as well as to several other thinkers including Lewis Mumford, C. B. Macpherson, E. F. Schumacher, and Vandana Shiva. This debt was not without recognizing that this list was largely absent of women. In addition to the Philosophy of technology, she believed that science was \"severely impoverished because women are discouraged from taking part in the exploration of knowledge\".\n\n", "Q155566": "Princess Alice of the United Kingdom (Alice Maud Mary; 25 April 1843 \u2013 14 December 1878) was the Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine from 1877 to 1878. She was the third child and second daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Alice was the first of Queen Victoria's nine children to die, and one of three to be outlived by their mother, who died in 1901.\nAlice spent her early childhood in the company of her parents and siblings, travelling between the British royal residences. Her education was devised by Albert's close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar, and included practical activities like needlework and woodwork and languages like French and German. When her father, Prince Albert, became fatally ill in December 1861, Alice nursed him until his death. Following his death, Queen Victoria entered a period of intense mourning and Alice spent the next six months acting as her mother's unofficial secretary. On 1 July 1862, while the court was still at the height of mourning, Alice married the minor German Prince Louis of Hesse, heir to the Grand Duchy of Hesse. The ceremony\u2014conducted privately and with unrelieved gloom at Osborne House\u2014was described by the Queen as \"more of a funeral than a wedding\". The Princess's life in Darmstadt was unhappy as a result of impoverishment, family tragedy and worsening relations with her husband and mother.\nAlice showed an interest in nursing, especially the work of Florence Nightingale. When Hesse became involved in the Austro-Prussian War, Darmstadt filled with the injured; the heavily pregnant Alice devoted a lot of her time to the management of field hospitals. One of her organisations, the Princess Alice Women's Guild, took over much of the day-to-day running of the state's military hospitals. As a result of this activity, Queen Victoria became concerned about Alice's directness about medical and, in particular, gynaecological, matters. In 1871, she wrote to Alice's younger sister, Princess Louise, who had recently married: \"Don't let Alice pump you. Be very silent and cautious about your 'interior'\". In 1877, Alice became Grand Duchess upon the accession of her husband, her increased duties putting further strains on her health. In late 1878, diphtheria infected the Hessian court. Alice nursed her family for over a month before falling ill herself, dying later that year.\nPrincess Alice was the mother of Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia (wife of Tsar Nicholas II), maternal grandmother of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (the last Viceroy of India), and maternal great-grandmother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (consort of Queen Elizabeth II). Another daughter, Elisabeth, who married Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia, was, like the tsaritsa and her family, killed by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "Q1928860": "Sir Michael Pepper, FRS, FREng (born 10 August 1942) is a British physicist notable for his work in semiconductor nanostructures.\n\n", "Q374504": "Barnett Newman (January 29, 1905 \u2013 July 4, 1970) was an American artist. He is seen as one of the major figures in abstract expressionism and one of the foremost of the color field painters. His paintings are existential in tone and content, explicitly composed with the intention of communicating a sense of locality, presence, and contingency.", "Q239376": "Marayat Rollet-Andriane, formerly Marayat Krasaesin (Thai: \u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e18\u0e38\u0e4c) or her birthname Marayat Bibidh (Thai: \u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e18; RTGS: Marayat Phiphit; born 19 January 1932 \u2013 12 June 2005), known by the pen name Emmanuelle Arsan, was a French novelist of Thai origin, best known for the novel featuring the fictional character Emmanuelle, a woman who sets out on a voyage of sexual self-discovery under varying circumstances. It was later claimed that the real author of the book was her husband, Louis-Jacques Rollet-Andriane.", "Q164963": "The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers is a 2002 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson, based on the second volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. The film is the second instalment in The Lord of the Rings trilogy and was produced by Barrie M. Osborne, Fran Walsh and Jackson, and written by Walsh, Philippa Boyens, Stephen Sinclair and Jackson. The film features an ensemble cast including Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Liv Tyler, Viggo Mortensen, Sean Astin, Cate Blanchett, John Rhys-Davies, Bernard Hill, Christopher Lee, Billy Boyd, Dominic Monaghan, Orlando Bloom, Hugo Weaving, Miranda Otto, David Wenham, Brad Dourif, Karl Urban and Andy Serkis. It was preceded by The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) and followed by The Return of the King (2003).\nContinuing the plot of The Fellowship of the Ring, the film intercuts three storylines. Frodo and Sam continue their journey towards Mordor to destroy the One Ring, meeting and joined by Gollum, the ring's former owner. Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli come to the war-torn nation of Rohan and are reunited with the resurrected Gandalf, before fighting at the Battle of Helm's Deep. Merry and Pippin escape capture, meet Treebeard the Ent, and help to plan an attack on Isengard.\nThe Two Towers was financed and distributed by American studio New Line Cinema, but filmed and edited entirely in Jackson's native New Zealand, concurrently with the other two parts of the trilogy. It premiered on 5 December 2002 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City and was theatrically released on 18 December 2002 in the United States, and on 19 December 2002 in New Zealand. The film was highly acclaimed by critics and fans alike, who considered it to be a landmark in filmmaking and an achievement in the fantasy film genre. It grossed $951.2 million worldwide, making it the highest-grossing film of 2002 and the fourth highest-grossing film of all time at the time of its release.The Two Towers is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential fantasy films ever made. The film received numerous accolades; at the 75th Academy Awards, it was nominated for six awards, including Best Picture, Best Art Direction, Best Film Editing and Best Sound Mixing, winning two: Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects.", "Q605678": "Isidro Fabela Alfaro (28 June 1882 \u2013 12 August 1964) was a Mexican judge, politician, professor, writer, publisher, governor of the State of Mexico, diplomat, and delegate to the now defunct League of Nations. Fabela was born in Atlacomulco, Mexico State. He was a member of the group of intellectuals opposed to the Porfirio D\u00edaz regime, the Ateneo de Juventud, a group that also included Jos\u00e9 Vasconcelos and Diego Rivera. He served prominently revolutionary leader Venustiano Carranza and went on to hold many important posts in the Mexican government.", "Q1441287": "Francesco von Mendelssohn (born Franz von Mendelssohn; 6 September 1901 \u2013 22 September 1972) was a German cellist and art collector. He also became known during the 1920s as a stage actor and theater director. He acquired additional notability with a lifestyle that some found eccentric.", "Q76437": "Karl D\u00f6nitz (sometimes spelled Doenitz; German: [\u02c8d\u00f8\u02d0n\u026ats] (listen); 16 September 1891 \u2013 24 December 1980) was a German admiral during the Nazi era who briefly succeeded Adolf Hitler as the German head of state in 1945. As Supreme Commander of the Navy since 1943, he played a major role in the naval history of World War II. The Nuremberg Trials court convicted him of war crimes in 1946.He began his career in the Imperial German Navy before World War I. In 1918, he was commanding UB-68 when she was sunk by British forces. D\u00f6nitz was taken prisoner. While in a prisoner of war camp, he formulated what he later called Rudeltaktik (\"pack tactic\", commonly called \"wolfpack\").\nAt the start of World War II, he was the senior submarine officer in the Kriegsmarine, known as Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote (BdU). In January 1943, D\u00f6nitz achieved the rank of Gro\u00dfadmiral (grand admiral) and replaced Grand Admiral Erich Raeder as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. D\u00f6nitz was the main enemy of Allied naval forces in the Battle of the Atlantic. From 1939\u20131943 the U-boats fought effectively but lost the initiative from May 1943. D\u00f6nitz ordered his submarines into battle until 1945 to relieve the pressure on other branches of the Wehrmacht (Nazi German Armed Force). 648 U-boats were lost\u2014429 with no survivors. A further 215 were lost on their first patrol. Around 30,000 of the 40,000 men to serve on U-boats perished.On 30 April 1945, after the death of Adolf Hitler and in accordance with Hitler's last will and testament, D\u00f6nitz was named Hitler's successor as head of state, with the title of President of Germany and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. On 7 May 1945, he ordered Alfred Jodl, Chief of Operations Staff of the OKW, to sign the German instruments of surrender in Reims, France. D\u00f6nitz remained as head of the Flensburg Government, as it became known, until it was dissolved by the Allied powers on 23 May.\nBy his own admission, D\u00f6nitz was a dedicated Nazi and supporter of Hitler; he held anti-Semitic beliefs. Following the war, D\u00f6nitz was indicted as a major war criminal at the Nuremberg Trials on three counts: conspiracy to commit crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity; planning, initiating, and waging wars of aggression; and crimes against the laws of war. He was found not guilty of committing crimes against humanity, but guilty of committing crimes against peace and war crimes against the laws of war. He was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment; after his release, he lived in a village near Hamburg until his death in 1980.", "Q1195235": "Nikolai Philippe Fraiture (born November 13, 1978) is an American musician and bassist for rock band The Strokes. Among other creative projects, Fraiture released a solo record under the name Nickel Eye in 2009 and has been the frontman of the band Summer Moon since 2016.\n\n", "Q47832": "Umberto Bossi (born 19 September 1941) is an Italian politician, former leader of the Northern League, a party seeking autonomy or independence for Northern Italy or Padania. He is married to the Sicilian Manuela Marrone and has four sons (of whom one was from his first wife).", "Q66624": "Benedict Friedlaender (8 July 1866 \u2013 21 June 1908; first name occasionally spelled Benedikt) was a German Jewish sexologist, sociologist, economist, volcanologist, and physicist.\nFriedlaender was born in Berlin as the son of Carl Friedlaender (1817\u20131876), a professor of economics. His grandfather was Nathan Friedlaender (died 1830), a Berlin physician and university lecturer. Among his siblings was Immanuel Friedlaender (1871\u20131948), a distinguished volcanologist. He studied mathematics, physics, botany, and physiology in Berlin, earning a Ph.D. in zoology in 1888.\nAs a well-to-do donor, he supported the anarchist journal Kampf and published in the journal Der Sozialist. He gave substantial financial support to Magnus Hirschfeld's Scientific-Humanitarian Committee (Wissenschaftlich-humanit\u00e4res Komitee, or WhK) in Berlin. The primary goal of the WhK was to work against Paragraph 175 of the Imperial Penal Code, which criminalized \"unnatural vice\" between males. The WhK assisted defendants in criminal trials, conducted public lectures, and gathered signatures on a petition for the repeal of the law. It found some parliamentary support for its law reform efforts in the Social Democratic Party.\nWith Adolf Brand and ten others, Friedlaender founded the homosexual organization called Gemeinschaft der Eigenen (GdE), usually translated as Community of the Special, in 1903. The word Eigenen can mean both \"peculiar, distinctive, odd\" (as in Oddfellows) and \"owned, possessed\", and the GdE's name was inspired in part by Max Stirner's libertarian philosophy of \"self-ownership\" or autonomy. The GdE repudiated Hirschfeld's understanding of homosexuality in a transgender spectrum and instead emphasized the masculinity of male-male sexuality, as did Andr\u00e9 Gide in 1924 in his Corydon. Some members of the GdE advocated the classical Greek practice of having a relationship with a younger man while being married. The GdE also spurned Hirschfeld's efforts at law reform and coalition-building with the Social Democrats and the feminist movement, adopting instead a diffusely anarchist outlook inspired by Stirner's individualism and the sweeping cultural criticism of Friedrich Nietzsche. Friedlaender nonetheless maintained his membership in the WhK until 1906, when he broke with Hirschfeld and founded a third gay organization named \"Secession from the WhK\". Later renamed \"League for Manly Culture\", this organization folded shortly after Friedlaender's death by suicide on 21 June 1908 in Berlin.Friedlaender wrote several books on different themes. His work Die Renaissance des Eros Uranios, which called for the revival of \"Greek love\", had an important influence on Hans Bl\u00fcher. Absolute or Relative Motion?, written with his brother Immanuel in 1896, contributed to the development of Mach's Principle.\n\n", "Q58912": "Courteney Bass Cox (born June 15, 1964) is an American actress, producer, and director. She is known for playing Monica Geller on the NBC sitcom Friends, Gale Weathers in the horror series Scream, and Jules Cobb in the ABC/TBS sitcom Cougar Town, for which she earned her first Golden Globe nomination. Cox also starred in the FX series Dirt. She owns a production company, called Coquette Productions, which was created by Cox and her then-husband David Arquette. Cox also worked as a director on her sitcom Cougar Town and the television film TalhotBlond.", "Q188713": "The Kinks are an English rock band formed in Muswell Hill, north London, in 1964 by brothers Ray and Dave Davies. They are regarded as one of the most influential rock bands of the 1960s. The band emerged during the height of British rhythm and blues and Merseybeat, and were briefly part of the British Invasion of the United States until their touring ban in 1965 (as a result of constant fighting between the brothers). Their third single, the Ray Davies-penned \"You Really Got Me\", became an international hit, topping the charts in the United Kingdom and reaching the Top 10 in the United States. Their music was influenced by a wide range of genres, including American R&B and rock and roll initially, and later adopting British music hall, folk, and country. They gained a reputation for reflecting English culture and lifestyle, fuelled by Ray Davies' wittily observational writing style, and are considered one of the most influential groups of the period.Early works included albums such as Face to Face (1966), Something Else (1967), The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society (1968), Arthur (1969), Lola Versus Powerman (1970), and Muswell Hillbillies (1971), along with their accompanying singles. After a fallow period in the mid-1970s, the band experienced a revival during the late 1970s and early 1980s with their albums Sleepwalker (1977), Misfits (1978), Low Budget (1979), Give the People What They Want (1981) and State of Confusion (1983). In addition, groups such as Van Halen, the Jam, the Knack, the Pretenders and the Fall covered their songs, helping to boost the Kinks' record sales. In the 1990s, Britpop acts such as Blur and Oasis cited the band as a major influence.Ray Davies (rhythm guitar, lead vocals, keyboards) and Dave Davies (lead guitar, vocals) remained members throughout the band's 32-year run. Longest-serving member Mick Avory (drums and percussion) was replaced by Bob Henrit, formerly of Argent, in 1984. Original bass guitarist Pete Quaife was replaced by John Dalton in 1969. After Dalton's 1976 departure, Andy Pyle briefly served as the band's bassist before being replaced by Argent bassist Jim Rodford in 1978. Session keyboardist Nicky Hopkins accompanied the band in the studio for many of their recordings in the mid-to-late 1960s. The band became an official five-piece in 1970, when keyboardist John Gosling joined them. Gosling quit in 1978; he was first replaced by ex-Pretty Things member Gordon Edwards, then more permanently by Ian Gibbons in 1979. The band broke up in 1997, after Dave Davies 50's birthday when they jammed at the party, the result of the commercial failures of their previous few albums as well as creative tension between the Davies brothers and Dave Davies particularly with longtime drummer Mick Avory.The Kinks have had five Top 10 singles on the US Billboard chart. Nine of their albums charted in the Top 40. In the UK, they have had seventeen Top 20 singles and five Top 10 albums. Four Kinks albums have been certified gold by the RIAA and the band have sold over 50 million records worldwide. Among numerous honours, they received the Ivor Novello Award for \"Outstanding Service to British Music\". In 1990, the original four members of The Kinks were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as well as the UK Music Hall of Fame in November 2005. In 2018, after years of ruling out a reunion, Ray Davies and Dave Davies announced they were working to reform the Kinks.", "Q71358": "Helmut Gollwitzer (29 December 1908 \u2013 17 October 1993) was a Protestant (Lutheran) theologian and author.\n\nBorn in Pappenheim, Bavaria, Gollwitzer studied Protestant theology in Munich, Erlangen, Jena and Bonn (1928\u20131932); he later completed a doctorate under Karl Barth in Basel (1937), writing on the understanding of the eucharist in Martin Luther and John Calvin.\nDuring the period of the Nazi regime in Germany, Gollwitzer was a well-known member of the Confessing Church movement, which resisted the regime's attempt to control the churches. He took over as the pastor of the congregation at Berlin-Dahlem after the arrest of Martin Niem\u00f6ller.During World War II, Gollwitzer served as a medic at the Eastern Front, and was a Prisoner of War in the Soviet Union from 1945-1949. He wrote a book about his experience of being a POW which became a bestseller in Germany in 1950 (Unwilling Journey: A Diary from Russia); the then President of West Germany, Theodor Heuss, called it \"a great historical document\".\nGollwitzer was appointed professor of systematic theology at the University of Bonn (1950\u20131957), and then as professor of Protestant theology at the Free University of Berlin; he retired in 1975. He had been Karl Barth's first choice as his successor in Basel, but the University authorities turned him down due to what they called 'his unclear attitude to the Soviet Union'. Dr. W. Travis McMaken illustrates Gollwitzer's role in the theology and politics of the twentieth century in his latest book, Our God Loves Justice: An Introduction to Helmut Gollwitzer. He explains Gollwitzer's close relationship with Barth, and the socialist political ideas Gollwitzer held throughout his life.\nKnown as a close friend of Rudi Dutschke, whose wife studied with Gollwitzer, and a pastor to Ulrike Meinhof, he was prominently involved in the political debates ensuing in the late 1960s and 1970s. Gollwitzer was a pacifist and well-known opponent of nuclear weapons, the US engagement in Vietnam and the arms race, as well as a staunch critic of capitalism.\nGollwitzer died in Berlin on 17 October 1993.", "Q525511": "Arvo Jaakko Henrikki Salo (2 May 1932 \u2013 9 July 2011) was a Finnish writer, journalist and politician. He served as an MP from 1966 to 1970 and from 1979 to 1983 (Social Democratic Party) and was Minister of Education and Culture from 1982 to 1983 in Kalevi Sorsa's third cabinet.In addition, he has held various positions of trust, including the Helsinki City Council, V\u00e4in\u00f6 Tanner Foundation and Workers' Educational Association. He received the honorary title of professor in 2003 and was a recipient of the Eino Leino Prize in 1964.\nIn Finnish politics Arvo Salo is known about his quote \"kill one peasant per day\" when he was talking about Finnish agriculture policy.Salo was born and died in Merikarvia, Satakunta. In his career as a journalist, he was editor-in-chief of Ylioppilaslehti. He received the Journalist Award of Suomen Kuvalehti in 1977. He authored several notable plays, including Lapualaisooppera (1966), Mustalaisoperetti (1969), Yks perkele, yks enkeli (1985), Vallan miehet (1986), and Ouraooppera (2002).", "Q179933": "The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (Arabic: \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u200e \u1e24izb Al-Ba\u2018ath Al-\u2018Arab\u012b Al-Ishtir\u0101k\u012b [\u02c8\u0127\u026azb al\u02c8ba\u0295a\u03b8 al\u02c8\u0295arabi\u02d0 al\u02c8\u0294\u026a\u0283t\u026ara\u02d0ki\u02d0]) was a political party founded in Syria by Michel Aflaq, Salah al-Din al-Bitar, and associates of Zaki al-Arsuzi. The party espoused Ba'athism (from Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u200e Al-Ba'ath or Ba'ath meaning \"renaissance\" or \"resurrection\"), which is an ideology mixing Arab nationalist, pan-Arabism, Arab socialist, and anti-imperialist interests. Ba'athism calls for unification of the Arab world into a single state. Its motto, \"Unity, Liberty, Socialism\", refers to Arab unity, and freedom from non-Arab control and interference.\nThe party was founded by the merger of the Arab Ba'ath Movement, led by Aflaq and al-Bitar, and the Arab Ba'ath, led by al-Arsuzi, on 7 April 1947 as the Arab Ba'ath Party. The party quickly established branches in other Arab countries, although it would only hold power in Iraq and Syria. The Arab Ba'ath Party merged with the Arab Socialist Movement, led by Akram al-Hawrani, in 1952 to form the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. The newly formed party was a relative success, and became the second-largest party in the Syrian parliament in the 1954 election. This, coupled with the increasing strength of the Syrian Communist Party, led to the establishment of the United Arab Republic (UAR), a union of Egypt and Syria. The union would prove unsuccessful, and a Syrian coup in 1961 dissolved it.\nFollowing the break-up of the UAR, the Ba'ath Party was reconstituted. However, during the UAR, military activists had established the Military Committee to take control of the Ba'ath Party from civilian hands. In the meantime, in Iraq, the local Ba'ath Party branch had taken power by orchestrating and leading the Ramadan Revolution, only to lose power a couple of months later. The Military Committee, with Aflaq's consent, took power in Syria in the 8th of March Revolution of 1963.\nA power struggle quickly developed between the civilian faction led by Aflaq, al-Bitar, and Munif al-Razzaz and the Military Committee led by Salah Jadid and Hafez al-Assad. As relations between the two factions deteriorated, the Military Committee initiated the 1966 Syrian coup d'\u00e9tat, which ousted the National Command led by al-Razzaz, Aflaq, and their supporters. The 1966 coup split the Ba'ath Party between the Iraqi-dominated Ba'ath movement and the Syrian-dominated Ba'ath movement.", "Q262373": "Raymond Walburn (September 9, 1887 \u2013 July 26, 1969) was an American character actor of stage and screen who appeared in dozens of Hollywood movie comedies and an occasional dramatic role during the 1930s and 1940s.", "Q1186248": "The Democrat Party (Thai: \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e15\u0e22\u0e4c; RTGS: prachathipat) is a Thai political party. The oldest party in Thailand, it was founded as a conservative and royalist party, and now upholds a conservative-liberal and classically liberal pro-market position.The Democrat Party made its best showings in parliament in 1948, 1976, and 1996. It has never won an outright parliamentary majority. The party's electoral support bases are southern Thailand and Bangkok, although election results in Bangkok have fluctuated widely. Since 2004, Democrat candidates won three elections for the governorship of Bangkok. From 2005 to 2019, the Democrat Party was led by Abhisit Vejjajiva, former prime minister.", "Q111443": "Angelika Volquartz (born 2 September 1946 in Uelzen, Lower Saxony) was the mayor of Kiel, Germany from 2003 to 2009. She was Kiel's first female mayor.", "Q233882": "Frances Hardman Conroy (born November 13, 1953) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Ruth Fisher on the television series Six Feet Under. Her work on the show won her acclaim and several awards, including a Golden Globe and three Screen Actors Guild Awards. She is also known for playing the older version of Moira O'Hara in season one of the television anthology series American Horror Story, which garnered Conroy her first Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television nomination, and as well an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie. Conroy subsequently portrayed The Angel of Death, Myrtle Snow, Gloria Mott, Mama Polk, and Bebe Babbitt on six further seasons of the show - Asylum, Coven, Freak Show, Roanoke, Cult, and Apocalypse, respectively. After Lily Rabe, Evan Peters and Sarah Paulson, Conroy is the fourth actor who has appeared in the most seasons of the show. For her performance in Coven, she was nominated again for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie.\nShe starred as Dawn in the first season of the Hulu original series Casual, which was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for its first season. In 2017, she starred as Nathalie Raven in The Mist.", "Q1047366": "Cash Money (or styled as Ca$h Money) is an American record label founded by two brothers, Bryan \"Birdman\" Williams and Ronald \"Slim\" Williams. The label is distributed by Republic, which used to be Universal Republic. The label itself has been home to a roster of high-earning hip hop artists, including Lil Wayne, Drake and Nicki Minaj. This led to Cash Money becoming one of the most successful record labels in hip-hop history.Artists signed to Cash Money Records have achieved a combined 12 number one albums on the Billboard 200 chart and 7 number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (Juvenile's \"Slow Motion\", Lil Wayne's \"Lollipop\", Jay Sean's \"Down\" and Drake's \"One Dance\", \"God's Plan\", \"Nice for What\", and \"In My Feelings\").", "Q1955": "Gustav Th\u00f6ni (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261ustav \u02c8t\u00f8\u02d0ni; \u02c8te\u02d0ni]; sometimes listed as Gustavo Thoeni; born 28 February 1951) is a retired alpine ski racer from Italy.", "Q264702": "Barbara Alyn Woods (born c.\u20091965) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in television series One Tree Hill and Honey, I Shrunk the Kids. She is the mother of actresses Natalie Alyn Lind, Emily Alyn Lind, and Alyvia Alyn Lind.", "Q2624848": "The Las Vegas Valley is a major metropolitan area in the southern part of the U.S. state of Nevada. The state's largest urban agglomeration, the Las Vegas Metropolitan Statistical Area is coextensive since 2003 with Clark County, Nevada. The Valley is largely defined by the Las Vegas Valley landform, a 600 sq mi (1,600 km2) basin area surrounded by mountains to the north, south, east and west of the metropolitan area. The Valley is home to the three largest incorporated cities in Nevada: Las Vegas, Henderson and North Las Vegas. Eleven unincorporated towns governed by the Clark County government are part of the Las Vegas Township and constitute the largest community in the state of Nevada.The names Las Vegas and Vegas are interchangeably used to indicate the Valley, the Strip, and the city, and as a brand by the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority to denominate the region. The Valley is affectionately known as the \"ninth island\" by Hawaii natives and Las Vegans alike, in part due to the large number of people originally from Hawaii who live in and regularly travel to Las Vegas.Since the 1990s the Las Vegas Valley has seen rapid growth, tripling its population of 741,459 in 1990 to 2,227,053 estimated in 2018. The Las Vegas Valley remains one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the United States, and in its relatively short history has established a diverse presence in international business, commerce, urban development and entertainment, as well as one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world. In 2014, a record breaking 41 million visited the Las Vegas area, producing a gross metropolitan product of more than $100 billion.", "Q99829": "Zhao Ziyang (pronounced [\u0288\u0282\u00e2u ts\u0279\u0329\u0300.j\u01ce\u014b] or Chao Tzu-yang; born Zhao Xiuye, 17 October 1919 \u2013 17 January 2005) was a high-ranking statesman in the People's Republic of China (PRC). He was the third Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1980 to 1987, Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1981 to 1982, and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1987 to 1989. He lost power in connection with the reformative neoauthoritarianism current and his support of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.\nAs a senior government official, Zhao was critical of Maoist policies and instrumental in implementing free-market reforms, first in Sichuan and subsequently nationwide. He emerged on the national scene due to support from Deng Xiaoping after the Cultural Revolution. An advocate of the privatization of state-owned enterprises, the separation of the party and the state, and general market economic reforms, he sought measures to streamline China's bureaucracy and fight corruption, issues that challenged the party's legitimacy in the 1980s. Many of these views were shared by the then General Secretary Hu Yaobang.His economic reform policies and sympathies with student demonstrators during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 placed him at odds with some members of the party leadership, including Chairman of the Central Advisory Commission Chen Yun, Chairman of the CPPCC Li Xiannian and Premier Li Peng. Zhao also began to lose favor with Chairman of the Central Military Commission Deng Xiaoping. In the aftermath of the events, Zhao was purged politically and effectively placed under house arrest for the rest of his life.\nHe died from a stroke in Beijing in January 2005. Because of his political fall from grace, he was not given the funeral rites generally accorded to senior Chinese officials. His secret autobiography was smuggled out and published in English and in Chinese in 2009, but the details of his life remain censored in China.", "Q533373": "Kathy Tyers (born July 21, 1952) is an American author and musician currently living in Bozeman, Montana.", "Q364070": "Asko K\u00fcnnap (born 6 September 1971) is an Estonian designer, writer, and artist.", "Q21208": "Hebei (\u6cb3\u5317; alternately Hopeh) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the North China region. The modern province was established in 1911 as Chihli Province (Zhili Province). Its capital and largest city is Shijiazhuang. Its one-character abbreviation is \"\u5180\" (J\u00ec), named after Ji Province, a Han dynasty province (zhou) that included what is now southern Hebei. The name Hebei literally means \"north of the river\", referring to its location entirely to the north of the Yellow River.The modern province \"Chili Province\" was formed in 1911, when the central government dissolved the central governed area of \"Chihli\", which means \"Directly Ruled (by the Imperial Court)\" until it was renamed as \"Hebei\" in 1928. An alternate name for Hebei is Y\u0101nzh\u00e0o (\u71d5\u8d99), after the state of Yan and state of Zhao that existed here during the Warring States period of early Chinese history.\nBeijing and Tianjin Municipalities, which border each other, were carved out of Hebei. The province borders Liaoning to the northeast, Inner Mongolia to the north, Shanxi to the west, Henan to the south, and Shandong to the southeast. Bohai Bay of the Bohai Sea is to the east. A small part of Hebei, Sanhe Exclave, consisting of Sanhe, Dachang Hui Autonomous County, and Xianghe County, an exclave disjointed from the rest of the province, is wedged between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.\nWith a population of over 74 million people, Hebei is China's sixth most populous province. The Han majority comprise 96% of the population, followed by a minority of Manchu, Hui and Mongol peoples.\n\n", "Q3185138": "Joseph Joanovici (also Ioinovici or Joinovici, 1905 \u20131965) was a French Jewish merchant of scrap metal who supplied both Nazi Germany and the French Resistance during the German occupation of France in World War II.\n\n", "Q706364": "Art director is the title for a variety of similar job functions in theater, advertising, marketing, publishing, fashion, film and television, the Internet, and video games.It is the charge of a sole art director to supervise and unify the vision. In particular, the art director is in charge of the overall visual appearance and how it communicates visually, stimulates moods, contrasts features, and psychologically appeals to a target audience. The art director makes decisions about visual elements used, what artistic style to use, and when to use motion.\nOne of the most difficult problems that art directors face is to translate desired moods, messages, concepts, and underdeveloped ideas into imagery. During the brainstorming process, art directors, co-workers, and clients are engaged in imagining what the finished piece or scene might look like. At times, an art director is ultimately responsible for solidifying the vision of the collective imagination while resolving conflicting agenda and inconsistencies between the various individual inputs.", "Q380484": "David Packard ( PAK-\u0259rd; September 7, 1912 \u2013 March 26, 1996) was an American electrical engineer and co-founder, with William Hewlett, of Hewlett-Packard (1939), serving as president (1947\u201364), CEO (1964\u201368), and Chairman of the Board (1964\u201368, 1972\u201393) of HP. He served as U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1969 to 1971 during the Nixon administration. Packard served as President of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) from 1976 to 1981 and chairman of its Board of Regents from 1973 to 1982.\nHe was a member of the Trilateral Commission. Packard was the recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1988 and is noted for many technological innovations and philanthropic endeavors.", "Q239411": "Ivana Marie \"Ivanka\" Trump () (born October 30, 1981 in New York City) is an American businesswoman and author serving as senior advisor to her father, President Donald J. Trump since 2017. The daughter and second child of President Trump and his first wife, Ivana, she is the first Jewish member of a first family, having converted before marrying her husband, Jared Kushner.She is a fourth-generation businessperson who followed in the footsteps of her great-grandmother Elizabeth, grandfather Fred, and father, serving for a time as an executive vice president of the family-owned Trump Organization. She was also a boardroom judge on her father's television show The Apprentice.Starting in March 2017, she left the Trump Organization and began serving in her father's presidential administration as a senior adviser alongside her husband. She assumed this official, unpaid position after ethics concerns were raised about her having access to classified material while not being held to the same restrictions as a federal employee. She was considered part of the president's inner circle even before becoming an official employee in his administration. She is also one of the wealthiest of her family, with an estimated net worth of $300 million.", "Q3127599": "Harold Dennis Taylor (10 July 1862 in Huddersfield \u2013 26 February 1943) was a British optical designer and inventor, chiefly famous for the invention of the Cooke Triplet, although he was granted about 50 other patents.He was born in 1862 in Huddersfield, attended St Peter's School, York, and began the study of architecture. Circa 1880, he abandoned this to \nwork at Thomas Cooke and Sons of York, a company which produced the finest quality optical instruments, telescopes in particular.\nAs optical manager and chief designer for Thomas Cooke, he won fame for the design and patent in 1893 of the Cooke Triplet and was awarded the Duddell Medal and Prize in 1933.He had married Charlotte Fernandes Barff on 24 July 1888. They had one daughter, Doris, and two sons, Leslie and Edward. Their son Edward was also a published optical designer. He died in retirement in Coxwold, North Yorkshire.\n\n\t\t\n\n", "Q38981": "Vorarlberg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8fo\u02d0\u0250\u032f\u0294a\u0281lb\u025b\u0281k]) is the westernmost federal state (Bundesland) of Austria. It has the second-smallest area after Vienna, and although it has the second-smallest population, it also has the second-highest population density (also after Vienna). It borders three countries: Germany (Bavaria and Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg via Lake Constance), Switzerland (Grisons and St. Gallen), and Liechtenstein. The only Austrian state that shares a border with Vorarlberg is Tyrol to the east.\nThe capital of Vorarlberg is Bregenz (29,806 inhabitants), although Dornbirn (49,278 inhabitants) and Feldkirch (33,420 inhabitants) have larger populations. Vorarlberg is also the only state in Austria where the local dialect is not Austro-Bavarian, but rather an Alemannic dialect; it therefore has much more in common culturally with (historically) Alemannic-speaking German-speaking Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Swabia, and Alsace than with the rest of Austria, southeastern Bavaria, and South Tyrol.\nVorarlberg is almost completely mountainous and has been nicknamed the \u2018L\u00e4ndle\u2019 meaning \u2018small land\u2019.", "Q374263": "Daniel Kevin Fogler (born October 20, 1976) is an American actor, comedian and writer. He has appeared in films Balls of Fury, Good Luck Chuck, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald and done voice acting for Kung Fu Panda, Horton Hears a Who!, and Mars Needs Moms. He currently stars on The Walking Dead as Luke.\nIn 2005, Fogler made his Broadway debut as William Barf\u00e9e in The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee, for which he won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical.", "Q79063": "Ernst Strasser (* 29 April 1956 in Grieskirchen, Upper Austria) is a former Austrian People's Party (\u00d6VP) politician and former Federal Minister of the Interior in Austria (2000\u20132004), Member of the European Parliament (2009\u20132011) and bearer of the \"Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash\". Since 2014, he works as an Entrepreneur in the Mergers and acquisitions sector and is also a hotel owner.", "Q220140": "Travis Landon Barker (born November 14, 1975) is an American musician, songwriter, and record producer, best known as the current drummer for the rock band Blink-182. Barker has also performed as a frequent collaborator with hip hop artists, is a member of the rap rock group Transplants, founded the rock bands +44 and Box Car Racer, and most recently joined Antemasque and Goldfinger. He was a frequent collaborator with the now-late DJ AM, and together they formed TRV$DJAM. Due to his fame, Rolling Stone referred to him as \"punk's first superstar drummer\" as well as one of the 100 Greatest Drummers of All Time.Born in Fontana, California, Barker began drumming at an early age. He began playing for the Aquabats in 1996, but left to join Blink-182 in 1998, which encountered mainstream success with Enema of the State (1999). Barker established himself as a versatile drummer, producing and making guest appearances in music projects of numerous music genres including hip hop, alternative rock, pop and country. He also starred in an MTV reality series named Meet the Barkers. He was involved in a plane crash in 2008, but he recovered and released his debut solo album, Give the Drummer Some, in 2011. He has continued to work with rappers, releasing extended plays with Yelawolf and Asher Roth and Nottz, as well as with Blink-182 and the Transplants.\nAside from drumming, he founded clothing company Famous Stars and Straps in 1999 and LaSalle Records in 2004. Companies such as DC Shoes and Zildjian cymbals have co-designed products in his name. He released a memoir, Can I Say: Living Large, Cheating Death, and Drums, Drums, Drums, in 2015.", "Q1329361": "Prof Henry Charles Fleeming Jenkin FRS FRSE LLD (; 25 March 1833 \u2013 12 June 1885) was Regius Professor of Engineering at the University of Edinburgh, remarkable for his versatility. Known to the world as the inventor of the cable car or telpherage, he was an electrician and cable engineer, economist, lecturer, linguist, critic, actor, dramatist and artist. His descendants include the engineer Charles Frewen Jenkin and through him the Conservative MPs Patrick, Lord Jenkin of Roding and Bernard Jenkin.", "Q76350": "Kai Hermann is a German journalist born in January 29, 1938, who contributed to the magazines Die Zeit, Der Spiegel, Twen, and Stern, and published multiple works including \"La r\u00e9volte des \u00e9tudiants\" and \"Intervention d\u00e9cisive \u00e0 Mogadiscio\". He is also co-author of Christiane F.: Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo, with Horst Rieck.\nHe is a Theodor Wolff Prize laureate, and recipient of the Carl-v-Ossietzky Medal.", "Q153670": "Primo Michele Levi (Italian: [\u02c8pri\u02d0mo \u02c8l\u025b\u02d0vi]; 31 July 1919 \u2013 11 April 1987) was an Italian Jewish chemist, partisan, Holocaust survivor and writer. He was the author of several books, novels, collections of short stories, essays, and poems. His best-known works include If This Is a Man (1947, published as Survival in Auschwitz in the United States), his account of the year he spent as a prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp in Nazi-occupied Poland; and The Periodic Table (1975), linked to qualities of the elements, which the Royal Institution named the best science book ever written.Levi died in 1987 from injuries sustained in a fall from a third-story apartment landing. His death was officially ruled a suicide, but some have suggested that the fall was accidental.", "Q210083": "Enzo Francescoli Uriarte (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8enso f\u027eanses\u02c8koli u\u02c8\u027eja\u027ete]; born 12 November 1961) is a former Uruguayan football player. Due to his elegant style of play, Francescoli was nicknamed \"El Pr\u00edncipe\" (\"The Prince\" in Spanish, or \"Le Prince\" in French), and \"El Flaco\" due to his slender frame. A former attacking midfielder, he was considered an elite playmaker in a decadent period for the Uruguay national team. He played 73 times for the Celeste between 1982 and his retirement in 1997, making him the most capped outfield player in Uruguayan international football at the time. He represented his nation at two FIFA World Cups, in 1986 and 1990, also winning the Copa Am\u00e9rica in 1983, 1987 and 1995.\nAt club level, Francescoli began his career with Uruguayan club Wanderers. In neighbouring Argentina, he played for River Plate. He was the leading scorer and a key player for the club's second Copa Libertadores title. Francescoli won a total of five Argentine titles in the six years in which he played for the club. He also enjoyed success in France with Racing Paris and Marseille, where his performances proved decisive as the team won the 1989\u201390 French Division 1. He later also had spells in Italy with Cagliari and Torino, before returning to River Plate, where he ended his career.\nRegarded as one of the best number 10s of his generation, and as one of Uruguay's and South America's greatest ever players, Francescoli was the only Uruguayan included by Pel\u00e9 in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living footballers in 2004, and he was also elected by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics as the sixth-greatest Uruguayan player and the 24th greatest South American player of the 20th century.\n\n", "Q279035": "Jubilee Records was an American independent record label, specializing in rhythm and blues and novelty records. It was founded in New York City in 1946 by Herb Abramson. His partner was Jerry Blaine. Blaine bought Abramson's half of the company in 1947, when Abramson went on to co-found Atlantic Records with Ahmet Ertegun. The company name was Jay-Gee Recording Company, a subsidiary of the Cosnat Corporation. Cosnat was a wholesale record distributor.", "Q314597": "DeShaun Dupree Holton (October 2, 1973 \u2013 April 11, 2006), known professionally as Proof, was an American rapper and actor from Detroit, Michigan. During his career, he was a member of the groups 5 Elementz, Funky Cowboys, Promatic, Goon Sqwad, and D12. He was a close childhood friend of rapper Eminem, who lived in the same neighborhood. Proof was often a hype man at Eminem's concerts.\n\n", "Q71359": "Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0294an\u0259\u0261\u0281e\u02d0t \u02c8k\u0281amp \u02c8ka\u0281\u0259n\u02ccba\u028a\u032f\u0250]; born 9 August 1962), sometimes referred to by her initials of AKK, is a German politician serving as Minister of Defence since July 2019 and Chairwoman of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since the 2018 leadership election, succeeding Angela Merkel.\nOn 10 February 2020, Kramp-Karrenbauer announced that she would resign her position as CDU leader later in the year and would not put herself forward as a candidate for chancellor for the 2021 federal election.She previously served as secretary general of the party and as Minister-President of Saarland from 2011 to 2018, the first woman to lead the Government of Saarland and fourth woman to head a German state government. Kramp-Karrenbauer is regarded as socially conservative, but on the CDU's left wing in economic policy and has been described as a centrist. She is an active Catholic and has served on the Central Committee of German Catholics. She is the second woman to hold the office of German defence minister.", "Q372174": "Torn Curtain is a 1966 American political thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and starring Paul Newman and Julie Andrews. Written by Brian Moore, the film is set in the Cold War. It is about an American scientist who appears to defect behind the Iron Curtain to East Germany.", "Q188712": "The Empire of Japan (\u5927\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd, Dai Nippon Teikoku, literally \"Empire of Great Japan\") was the historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan.Japan's rapid industrialization and militarization under the slogan Fukoku Ky\u014dhei (\u5bcc\u56fd\u5f37\u5175, \"Enrich the Country, Strengthen her Armed Forces\") and Shokusan K\u014dgy\u014d (\u6b96\u7523\u8208\u696d, \"Promote Industry\") led to its emergence as a world power and the establishment of a colonial empire following the First Sino-Japanese War, the Boxer Rebellion, the Russo-Japanese War, and World War I. Economic and political turmoil in the 1920s led to the rise of militarism, nationalism and totalitarianism, eventually culminating in Japan's membership in the Axis alliance and the conquest of a large part of the Asia-Pacific in World War II.Japan's armed forces initially achieved large-scale military successes during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937\u20131945) and the Pacific War. However, after many Allied victories and following the Soviet Union's declaration of war against Japan on August 9, 1945, and subsequent invasion of Manchuria and other territories, and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Empire surrendered to the Allies on August 15, 1945. A period of occupation by the Allies followed. In 1947, with American involvement, a new constitution was enacted, officially bringing the Empire of Japan to an end. Occupation and reconstruction continued until 1952, eventually forming the current constitutional monarchy known as Japan.\nThe Emperors during this time, which spanned the entire Meiji, Taish\u014d, and the lesser part of the Sh\u014dwa era, are now known in Japan by their posthumous names, which coincide with those era names: Emperor Meiji (Mutsuhito), Emperor Taish\u014d (Yoshihito), and Emperor Sh\u014dwa (Hirohito).", "Q125080": "Vaasa (Finnish: [\u02c8\u028b\u0251\u02d0s\u0251]; Swedish: Vasa [\u02c8v\u0251\u0302\u02d0sa] (listen), Finland Swedish: [\u02c8v\u0251\u02d0s\u0251] (listen)) is a city on the west coast of Finland. It received its charter in 1606, during the reign of Charles IX of Sweden and is named after the Royal House of Vasa. Vaasa has a population of 67,588 (31 January 2019) (approximately 120,000 in the Vaasa sub-region), and is the regional capital of Ostrobothnia (Swedish: \u00d6sterbotten; Finnish: Pohjanmaa).\nThe city is bilingual with 69.8% of the population speaking Finnish as their first language and 24.8% speaking Swedish. The surrounding Ostrobothnian municipalities have a clear Swedish-speaking majority, which is why the Swedish language maintains a strong position in the city.\n\n", "Q312680": "L\u00e1szl\u00f3 J\u00f3zsef B\u00edr\u00f3 (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8la\u02d0slo\u02d0 \u02c8jo\u02d0\u0292\u025bf \u02c8bi\u02d0ro\u02d0]) or Ladislao Jos\u00e9 Biro (born as L\u00e1szl\u00f3 J\u00f3zsef Schweiger, 29 September 1899 \u2013 24 October 1985) was a Hungarian-Argentine inventor who patented the first commercially successful modern ballpoint pen. The first ballpoint pen had been invented roughly 50 years earlier by John J. Loud, but it did not attain commercial success.", "Q363079": "Richard Green Lugar (April 4, 1932 \u2013 April 28, 2019) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Indiana from 1977 to 2013. He was a member of the Republican Party.\nBorn in Indianapolis, Lugar graduated from Denison University and the University of Oxford. He served on the Indianapolis Board of School Commissioners from 1964 to 1967 before he was elected to two terms as mayor of Indianapolis, serving from 1968 to 1976. During his tenure as mayor, Lugar served as the president of the National League of Cities in 1971 and gave the keynote address at the 1972 Republican National Convention.\nIn 1974, Lugar ran his first campaign for the U.S. Senate. In the year's senate elections he lost to incumbent Democratic senator Birch Bayh. He ran again in 1976, defeating Democratic incumbent Vance Hartke. Lugar was reelected in 1982, 1988, 1994, 2000, and 2006. In 2012, Lugar was defeated by Indiana State Treasurer Richard Mourdock in the Republican primary, ending his 36-year tenure in the U.S. Senate. Lugar ran for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 1996 primaries but lack of success led to his withdrawal early in the campaign.\nDuring Lugar's tenure, he served as Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations from 1985 to 1987 and from 2003 to 2007, serving as the ranking member of the committee from 2007 until his departure in 2013. Lugar also twice served as Chairman of the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry, from 1995 to 2001 and briefly again in part of 2001. Much of Lugar's work in the Senate was toward the dismantling of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons around the world, co-sponsoring his most notable piece of legislation with Georgia Democrat Sam Nunn: the Nunn\u2013Lugar Act.\nFollowing his service in the Senate, Lugar created a nonprofit organization which specializes in the policy areas he pursued while in office.", "Q295923": "Stanley Kirk Burrell (born March 30, 1962), better known by his stage name MC Hammer (or simply Hammer), is an American rapper, dancer, record producer and entrepreneur. He had his greatest commercial success and popularity from the late 1980s until the early 1990s. Remembered for his rapid rise to fame, Hammer is known for hit records (such as \"U Can't Touch This\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\"), flashy dance movements, choreography and eponymous Hammer pants.A multi-award winner, M.C. Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop-rap (incorporating elements of freestyle music), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album. BET ranked Hammer as the No. 7 \"Best Dancer Of All Time\". Vibe's \"The Best Rapper Ever Tournament\" declared him the 17th favorite of all-time during the first round.Burrell became a preacher during the late 1990s with a Christian ministry program on TBN called M.C. Hammer and Friends. Additionally, he starred in a Saturday-morning cartoon called Hammerman in 1991, and was executive producer of his own reality show called Hammertime, which aired on the A&E Network during the summer of 2009. Hammer was also a television show host and dance judge on Dance Fever in 2003, was co-creator of a dance website called DanceJam.com, and is a record label CEO while still performing concerts at music venues and assisting with other social media, ministry and outreach functions. Prior to becoming ordained, Hammer signed with Suge Knight's Death Row Records by 1995.\nThroughout his career, Hammer has managed his own recording business. As a result, he has created and produced his own acts including Ho Frat Hoo!, Oaktown's 3.5.7, Special Generation, Analise, DRS, B Angie B, and Gentry Kozia. A part of additional record labels, he has associated, collaborated and recorded with Psy, VMF, Tupac Shakur, Teddy Riley, Felton Pilate, Tha Dogg Pound, The Whole 9, The Hines Brother, Deion Sanders, Big Daddy Kane, BeBe & CeCe Winans and Jon Gibson.", "Q77728": "Hermann Karl Lenz (26 February 1913 in Stuttgart \u2013 12 May 1998 in Munich) was a German writer of poetry, fiction stories, and novels. A major part of his work includes 10 volumes in a semi-autobiographical novel cycle about the alter-ego figure \"Eugen Rapp\". In the 1970s he published the 7-volume Schw\u00e4bische Chronik (\"Swabian Chronicle\").\nLenz had been a German POW in U.S. custody during World War II. He received over 15 literary awards. Archives of his writings include some letters exchanged with his fellow writers Paul Celan and Peter Handke and others (see below: \"Correspondence\").", "Q256968": "Florence Lawrence (born Florence Annie Bridgwood; January 2, 1886 \u2013 December 28, 1938) was a Canadian-American stage performer and film actress. She is often referred to as the \"first movie star,\" and was thought to be the first film actor to be named publicly until evidence published in 2019 indicated that the first named film star was French actor Max Linder. At the height of her fame in the 1910s, she was known as the \"Biograph Girl\" for work as one of the leading ladies in silent films from the Biograph Company. She appeared in almost 300 films for various motion picture companies throughout her career.", "Q1431761": "George Joseph \"Mike\" Kelly Jr. (born May 10, 1948) is an American politician in the Republican Party who has been a U.S. Representative since 2011 and is currently serving as representative for Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district. The district, numbered as the 3rd district from 2011 to 2019, is based in Erie and stretches from the northwest corner of the state to the outer northern suburbs of Pittsburgh, including Kelly's home in Butler.", "Q70047": "Karl Rudolf Heinze (22 July 1865 \u2013 26 May 1928) was a German jurist and politician. During the Weimar Republic, as a member of the right-of-centre German People's Party (DVP) he was Vice-Chancellor of Germany and Minister of Justice in 1920/21 in the cabinet of Konstantin Fehrenbach and from 1922 to 1923 again Minister of Justice under Wilhelm Cuno.", "Q885448": "Thomas Hart Seymour (September 29, 1807 \u2013 September 3, 1868) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the Democratic 36th Governor of Connecticut from 1850 to 1853 and as Minister to Russia from 1853 to 1858. He was the leader of the peace settlement in the Democratic Party, and narrowly lost the April 1863 gubernatorial election.", "Q152208": "Gisele Caroline B\u00fcndchen (Brazilian Portuguese: [\u0292i\u02c8z\u025bli \u02c8b\u0129t\u0283\u1ebd], German: [\u02c8b\u028fnt\u00e7n\u0329], born 20 July 1980) is a Brazilian model, environmental activist, author, actress, and businesswoman.\nSince 2001, B\u00fcndchen has been one of the highest-paid models in the world. In 2007, she was the 16th richest woman in the entertainment industry, and earned the top spot on Forbes top-earning models list in 2012. In 2014, B\u00fcndchen was listed as the 89th Most Powerful Woman in the World by Forbes.Vogue has credited B\u00fcndchen with ending the heroin chic era of modeling in 1999; instead ushering in a sexy, healthy look with curves and a golden tan. B\u00fcndchen was a Victoria's Secret Angel from 2000 until mid-2007 and had signed Victoria's Secret's biggest contract to date. She is credited with pioneering and popularizing the \"horse walk,\" a stomping movement created by a model lifting her knees high and kicking her feet to step. In 2007, Claudia Schiffer called B\u00fcndchen the only remaining supermodel. B\u00fcndchen has appeared on more than 1,200 magazine covers.B\u00fcndchen was nominated for Choice Movie Female Breakout Star and for Choice Movie Villain at the 2005 Teen Choice Awards for her supporting role in Taxi (2004). She had a supporting role in The Devil Wears Prada (2006) and was the executive producer of an educational environmental cartoon, Gisele & the Green Team, in 2010 to 2011.\nIn 2016, she appeared in the Emmy award-winning documentary series Years of Living Dangerously, in the episode Fueling the Fire, sharing the episode with Arnold Schwarzenegger.\nB\u00fcndchen's charitable endeavors include Save the Children, Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders. She has been a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Environment Program since 2009.\n\n", "Q103721": "Walter Althammer (born 12 March 1928 in Augsburg, Bavarian Swabia) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\n\n", "Q561435": "Richard Dafydd Vivian Llewellyn Lloyd (8 December 1906 \u2013 30 November 1983), known by his pen name Richard Llewellyn (Welsh: [\u026c\u0259\u02c8w\u025bl\u026an]), was a British novelist.", "Q690474": "Hamza El Din (July 10, 1929 \u2013 May 22, 2006) was an Egyptian composer, oud player, tar player, and vocalist. El Din was born in southern Egypt and studied the music of his native region Nubia, near the Sudanese border. He subsequently lived and studied in Italy, Japan and the United States. El Din collaborated with a wide variety of musical performers, including Sandy Bull, the Kronos Quartet and the Grateful Dead.\n\n", "Q64032": "Uster is a town and the capital of the Uster District in the Swiss canton of Z\u00fcrich.\nIt is the third largest town in the canton of Z\u00fcrich, with almost 35,000 inhabitants, and is one of the twenty largest towns in Switzerland. Uster is located next to a lake, called Greifensee.\nThe official language of Uster is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.\nThe town of Uster received the Wakker Prize in 2001.", "Q274277": "Ma\u0142gorzata Braunek (January 30, 1947 \u2013 June 23, 2014) was a Polish film and stage actress.", "Q232222": "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral is a 1957 American Technicolor Western film starring Burt Lancaster as Wyatt Earp and Kirk Douglas as Doc Holliday, loosely based on the actual event which took place on October 26, 1881. The picture was directed by John Sturges from a screenplay written by novelist Leon Uris.", "Q317920": "Simon Vouet (French: [vw\u025b]; 9 January 1590 \u2013 30 June 1649) was a French painter who studied and rose to prominence in Italy before being summoned by Louis XIII to serve as Premier peintre du Roi in France. He and his studio of artists created religious and mythological paintings, portraits, frescoes, tapestries, and massive decorative schemes for the king and for wealthy patrons, including Richelieu. During this time, \"Vouet was indisputably the leading artist in Paris,\" and was immensely influential in introducing the Italian Baroque style of painting to France. He was also \"without doubt one of the outstanding seventeenth-century draughtsmen, equal to Annibale Carracci and Lanfranco.\"", "Q273518": "The School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (French: \u00c9cole des hautes \u00e9tudes en sciences sociales; also known as EHESS) is one of the most selective and prestigious graduate schools of social sciences in Paris, France. It is one of the French grands \u00e9tablissements.Originally a department of the \u00c9cole pratique des hautes \u00e9tudes, an institution created in 1868 with the purpose of training academic researchers, the EHESS became an independent institution in 1975. Today its research covers the fields of Economics and Finance (through the Paris School of Economics), Cognitive Sciences, Humanities, Political Sciences, Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Development studies, Sociology, Anthropology, History, Musicology, and Philosophy of social science.\nThe institution is concentrated on scholarly research and some of its faculty (known as \"directeurs d'\u00e9tudes\") have achieved international recognition in different areas: in economics, Thomas Piketty and Nobel laureate Jean Tirole; historians such as Fernand Braudel and Lucien Febvre; anthropologists such as Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss, Eduardo Viveiros de Castro and Marcel Mauss, sociologists such as Pierre Bourdieu, Edgar Morin and Alain Touraine; philosophers such as Jacques Derrida, and interdisciplinary scholars such as Marcel Mauss and Raymond Aron. As a higher education institution under the jurisdiction of the French Ministry of Education, the EHESS trains academic researchers and professors specialised in the social sciences. It awards graduate degrees, such as the master of research and the doctorate, as well as a school diploma. Some of them are awarded conjointly with institutions such as the \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, the \u00c9cole Polytechnique, the \u00c9cole pratique des hautes \u00e9tudes, and some of the universities of Paris.\nThe EHESS is a grande \u00e9cole and, as such, is not part of the mainstream university system. It evaluates students through a selection process based on the research project of the applicants. The scholars in training are free to choose their own curriculum among the large quantity of seminars offered by the school. The \u00e9cole has a small student-faculty ratio (830 researchers for 3000 students). Most faculty belong to other institutions, mostly within the CNRS but also other schools of Universit\u00e9 PSL such as the ENS, the EPHE and the ENC, schools of Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay such as T\u00e9l\u00e9com ParisTech and the ENSAE, and some of the universities of Paris.", "Q74221": "Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (20 March 1891, Schieder, Germany \u2013 7 June 1971 Florence, Italy) was a German politician from the Conservative People's Party and a Reichsminister in both of Chancellor Heinrich Br\u00fcning's cabinets. In the first he was Minister for the Occupied Territories (March \u2013 October 1930) and then Minister without Portfolio (October 1930 \u2013 October 1931); in the second (October 1931 \u2013 May 1932), he served as Minister of Transport.", "Q234653": "Sheryl Kara Sandberg (born August 28, 1969) is an American technology executive, author, and billionaire. She is the chief operating officer (COO) of Facebook and the founder of LeanIn.Org. In June 2012, she was elected to Facebook's board of directors by existing board members, becoming the first woman to serve on its board. Before she joined Facebook as its COO, Sandberg was vice president of global online sales and operations at Google and was involved in Google's philanthropic arm Google.org. Before Google, Sandberg served as chief of staff for United States Secretary of the Treasury Lawrence Summers.\nIn 2012, she was named in the Time 100, an annual list of the most influential people in the world. As of December 2019, Sandberg is reported to be worth over US$1.8 billion, due to her stock holdings in Facebook and other companies.", "Q2061829": "Isaac Larian (Persian: \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200e, born March 28, 1954) is an Iranian-born American billionaire businessman, and the chief executive officer (CEO) of MGA Entertainment, the world's largest privately-owned toy company.", "Q62443": "Marion Hedda Ilse Gr\u00e4fin von D\u00f6nhoff (2 December 1909 \u2013 11 March 2002) was a German journalist who participated in the resistance against Nazism, along with Helmuth James Graf von Moltke, Peter Yorck von Wartenburg, and Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg. After the war, she became one of Germany's leading journalists and intellectuals, working for over 55 years as an editor and later publisher of the Hamburg-based weekly newspaper Die Zeit.", "Q23379": "Joseph Benedict Chifley (; 22 September 1885 \u2013 13 June 1951) was an Australian politician who served as the 16th Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1945 to 1949. He was leader of the Labor Party from 1945 until his death.\nChifley was born in Bathurst, New South Wales. He joined the state railways after leaving school, eventually qualifying as an engine driver. He was prominent in the trade union movement before entering politics, and was also a director of The National Advocate. After several previous unsuccessful candidacies, Chifley was elected to parliament in 1928. In 1931, he was appointed Minister for Defence in the government of James Scullin. He served in cabinet for less than a year before losing his seat at the 1931 election, which saw the government suffer a landslide defeat.\nAfter his electoral defeat, Chifley remained involved in politics as a party official, siding with the federal Labor leadership against the Lang Labor faction. He served on a royal commission into the banking system in 1935, and in 1940 became a senior public servant in the Department of Munitions. Chifley was re-elected to parliament later that year, on his third attempt since 1931. He was appointed Treasurer in the new Curtin Government in 1941, as one of the few Labor MPs with previous ministerial experience. The following year Chifley was additionally made Minister for Postwar Reconstruction, making him one of the most powerful members of the government. He became prime minister following Curtin's death in office in 1945, defeating caretaker prime minister Frank Forde in a leadership ballot.\nAt the 1946 election, Chifley was re-elected with a slightly reduced majority \u2013 the first time that an incumbent Labor government had won re-election. The war had ended a month after he took office, and over the following four years his government embarked on an ambitious program of social reforms and nation-building schemes. These included the expansion of the welfare state, a large-scale immigration program, and the establishment of the Australian National University, ASIO, and the Snowy Mountains Scheme. Some of the new legislation was successfully challenged in the High Court, and as a result the constitution was amended to give the federal government extended powers over social services.\nSome of Chifley's more interventionist economic policies were poorly received by Australian business, particularly an attempt to nationalise banks. His government was defeated at the 1949 election, which brought Robert Menzies' Liberal Party to power for the first time. He stayed on as Leader of the Opposition until his death, which came a few months after the 1951 election; Labor did not return to government until 1972. For his contributions to post-war prosperity, Chifley is often regarded as one of Australia's greatest prime ministers. He is held in particularly high regard by the Labor Party, with in his \"light on the hill\" speech seen as seminal in both the history of the party and the broader Australian labour movement.", "Q1758009": "The University of Gda\u0144sk (Polish: Uniwersytet Gda\u0144ski) is a public research university located in Gda\u0144sk, Poland. It is an important centre for the studies of the Kashubian language.", "Q600701": "Fran\u00e7ois Blondel (c.\u200910 June 1618 \u2013 21 January 1686) was a soldier, engineer of fortifications, mathematician, diplomat, military and civil engineer and architect, called \"the Great Blondel\", to distinguish him in a dynasty of French architects. He is remembered for his Cours d'architecture which remained a central text for over a century. His precepts placed him in opposition with Claude Perrault in the larger culture war known under the heading Querelle des anciens et des modernes. If Fran\u00e7ois Blondel was not the most highly reputed among the acad\u00e9miciens of his day, his were the writings that most generally circulated among the general public, the Cours de Math\u00e9matiques, the Art de jetter les Bombes, the Nouvelle mani\u00e8re de fortifier les places and, above all his Cours d'Architecture.", "Q337428": "Jean Alexander Heinrich Clapier de Colongue (Russian: Ivan Petrovich de Collong; \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0434\u0435-\u041a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0433; Latvian: Johans Aleksandrs Heinrihs Klapje de Kolongs) (6 March [O.S. 22 February] 1838\u201326 May [O.S. 13 May] 1901) was a Baltic German marine engineer and founder of a theory of magnetic deviation for magnetic compasses, living and working in Imperial Russia.\nIvan Petrovich de Collong was born in 1839 in D\u00fcnaburg (now Daugavpils) into a Baltic German noble family originally of Franco-Portuguese origin. He studied at the Naval Academy in Saint Petersburg and from 1870 he worked there as a lecturer. Starting in 1878 he was head of the Navy's Main Hydrographical Administration. In 1875, he constructed deflector (a new type of compass baffle) and later improved upon its design.\nDe Collong was a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (from 1896) and a Major-General of the Imperial Russian Navy. He was awarded the Lomonosov Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences.", "Q63985": "Friedrich von Hagedorn (23 April 1708 \u2013 28 October 1754), German poet, was born at Hamburg, where his father, a man of scientific and literary taste, was Danish ambassador.", "Q129876": "Edmond Ardisson (23 October 1904, in Marseille \u2013 30 November 1983, in Jouarre) was a French actor. He appeared in more than ninety films between 1938 and 1983.", "Q684415": "The Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften) is an independent public institution, located in Alfons-Goppel-Str. 11, Munich, Germany. It appoints scholars whose research has contributed considerably to the increase of knowledge within their subject. The general goal of the academy is the promotion of interdisciplinary encounters and contacts and the cooperation of representatives of different subjects.", "Q2344393": "Harri Lorenzi (born 1949) is a Brazilian agronomic engineer, author on trees of the Atlantic Mata and a collaborating agronomist of the garden of Fazenda Cresciumal, Ruy De Souza Queiroz. Between his workmanships, he published four books in the end of the 1990s, they are: Brazilian palms, Brazilian Trees (1 and 2, also in English), Tropical Plants of Burle Marx and Brazilian Ornamental Plants.", "Q336722": "Field Marshal William Gustavus Nicholson, 1st Baron Nicholson, (2 March 1845 \u2013 13 September 1918) was a British Army officer who served in the Second Anglo-Afghan War, the Mahdist War, the Third Anglo-Burmese War, the Second Boer War and the First World War. He became Chief of the Imperial General Staff and was closely involved in the reorganisation of the British Army in the early years of the 20th century.", "Q151715": "Nothing But the Night is a 1973 British horror film directed by Peter Sasdy and starring Christopher Lee and Peter Cushing.", "Q74235": "Giorgio Manganelli (15 November 1922 \u2013 28 May 1990) was an Italian journalist, avant-garde writer, translator and literary critic. A native of Milan, he was one of the leaders of the avant-garde literary movement in Italy in the 1960s, Gruppo 63. He was a baroque and expressionist writer. Manganelli translated Edgar Allan Poe's complete stories and authors like T. S. Eliot, Henry James, Eric Ambler, O. Henry, Ezra Pound, Robert Louis Stevenson, Byron's Manfred and others into Italian. He published an experimental work of fiction, Hilarotragoedia, in 1964, at the time he was a member of the avant-garde Gruppo 63 (Group 63). Centuria, which won the Viareggio Prize is probably his most approachable; it was translated into English in 2005 by Henry Martin. Agli dei ulteriori comprises a linked collection of short pieces including an exchange of letters between Hamlet and the Princess of Cleves and concludes with a fake learned article on the language of the dead. He died in Rome in 1990. He was an atheist. Italo Calvino called him ' a writer unlike any other, an inexhaustible and irresistible inventor in the game of language and ideas'.", "Q1809111": "Lawrence A. \"Pat\" Hyland (August 26, 1897 \u2013 November 24, 1989) was an American electrical engineer. He is one of three individuals, with whom are credited in major contributions to the invention of radar, but is probably best known as the man who transformed Hughes Aircraft from Howard Hughes' aviation \"hobby shop\" into one of the world's leading technology companies.\nHyland was born in Nova Scotia, Canada, but his family moved to the U.S. in 1899, where he was raised in Massachusetts. He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and then in the U.S. Navy until 1926. Hyland then joined the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory as a radio engineer. While at NRL he first demonstrated the reflection of radio waves from aircraft, and also made other contributions to the development of doppler radar.\nIn 1932 Hyland founded the Radio Research Company, which would later be merged into the Bendix Corporation; he eventually became Vice President for Research and Engineering at Bendix.\nIn 1954 Hyland was hired as Vice President and General Manager of Hughes Aircraft; he would ultimately become company President and CEO after Howard Hughes' death in 1976. Under Hyland's guidance, Hughes Aircraft continued to diversify and become immensely profitable. Among other accomplishments, the company developed numerous radar systems, electro-optical systems, the first working laser, aircraft computer systems, missile systems, spacecraft, and many other advanced technologies. Hyland retired from active service in 1980, but he retained close contact with the company until his death.\nDuring his lifetime Hyland frequently advised the U.S. government on science and technology. At various times he served as a senior consultant to the President's Science Advisory Committee, the Atomic Energy Commission, and the Central Intelligence Agency; and he was a member of the Defense Industry Advisory Council.\nSome of Hyland's honors and awards include:\n\n1950 - Navy Distinguished Public Services Award for pioneering contributions to radar\n1954 - Honorary Doctorate of Engineering, Lawrence Institute of Technology\n1955 - Named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)\n1957 - IEEE Pioneer Award for Aeronautical and Navigation Electronics\n1967 - Collier Trophy for the Surveyor 1 moon landing\n1967 - Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association Gold Medal for Meritorious Service\n1974 - IEEE Founders Medal for leadership and management in the field of electronicsHyland's autobiography, Call Me Pat: The Autobiography of the Man Howard Hughes Chose to Lead Hughes Aircraft, was published posthumously in 1994.", "Q43499": "Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (; 28 October 1466 \u2013 12 July 1536), known as Erasmus or Erasmus of Rotterdam, was a Dutch philosopher and Christian scholar who is widely considered to have been one of the greatest scholars of the northern Renaissance. Originally trained as a Catholic priest, Erasmus was an important figure in classical scholarship who wrote in a pure Latin style. Among humanists he enjoyed the sobriquet \"Prince of the Humanists\", and has been called \"the crowning glory of the Christian humanists\". Using humanist techniques for working on texts, he prepared important new Latin and Greek editions of the New Testament, which raised questions that would be influential in the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation. He also wrote On Free Will, In Praise of Folly, Handbook of a Christian Knight, On Civility in Children, Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style, Julius Exclusus, and many other works.\nErasmus lived against the backdrop of the growing European religious Reformation. While he was critical of the abuses within the Catholic Church and called for reform, he nonetheless kept his distance from Luther, Henry VIII, and John Calvin and continued to recognise the authority of the pope, emphasizing a middle way with a deep respect for traditional faith, piety and grace, and rejecting Luther's emphasis on faith alone. Erasmus remained a member of the Catholic Church all his life, remaining committed to reforming the Church and its clerics' abuses from within. He also held to the doctrine of synergism, which some Reformers (Calvinists) rejected in favor of the doctrine of monergism. His middle road (\"via media\") approach disappointed, and even angered, scholars in both camps.\nErasmus died suddenly in Basel in 1536 while preparing to return to Brabant and was buried in Basel Minster, the former cathedral of the city. A bronze statue of Erasmus was erected in 1622 in his city of birth, replacing an earlier work in stone.", "Q234647": "Susanna Clara Elisabeth \"Mini\" And\u00e9n (born 7 June 1978) is a Swedish model, actress, occasional host and producer.", "Q192986": "John Alieu Carew (Norwegian pronunciation: [j\u0254n \u02c8k\u0251\u0300\u02d0r\u025bv]; born 5 September 1979) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a forward. He was capped 91 times, scoring 24 goals for the Norwegian national team.", "Q90819": "Karl Otto Adolf Arndt (12 March 1904 \u2013 13 February 1974) was a German politician and a member of the SPD. He was born in K\u00f6nigsberg and died in Kassel.", "Q628099": "In association football, a manager is an occupation of head coach in the United Kingdom responsible for running a football club or a national team. Outside the British Isles and across most of Europe, a title of head coach or coach is predominant.", "Q62457": "Walter (Walther) Rauff (19 June 1906 \u2013 14 May 1984) was a mid-ranking SS commander in Nazi Germany. From January 1938, he was an aide of Reinhard Heydrich firstly in the Security Service (Sicherheitsdienst or SD,), later in the Reich Security Main Office. He worked for the Federal Intelligence Service of West Germany (Bundesnachrichtendienst) between 1958 and 1962, and was subsequently employed by the Mossad, the Israeli secret service. His funeral in Santiago, Chile, was attended by a crowd of old Nazis.Rauff is thought to have been responsible for nearly 100,000 deaths during World War II. He was instrumental in the implementation of the Nazis' genocide by mobile gas chamber. His victims included Communists, Jews, Roma and people with disabilities. He was arrested in 1945, but subsequently escaped and was never brought to trial. In the late 1970s and the 1980s, he was arguably the most wanted Nazi fugitive still alive.", "Q4214158": "Samvel Karapetyan (born July 31, 1965) is a Russian billionaire businessman, the owner of the real estate company Tashir Group.\n\n", "Q63991": "Trouble Every Day is a 2001 French erotic horror film directed by Claire Denis and written by Denis and Jean-Pol Fargeau. It stars Vincent Gallo, Tricia Vessey, B\u00e9atrice Dalle, Alex Descas and Marilu Marini. The film's soundtrack is provided by Tindersticks.\nAlice Houri, who starred in Denis' previous film N\u00e9nette et Boni, has a small cameo as a girl on a metro who watches Shane.", "Q204784": "Nicolas Koline (1878\u20131966) was a Russian stage and film actor. He emigrated from Russia following the October Revolution in 1917. He appeared in numerous French and German films during his career, initially often as a leading player during the silent era and later in supporting roles.", "Q233128": "Jessica Drake is an American pornographic actress and sex educator.", "Q509789": "Alicia DeShasier McConnell (born April 15, 1984) is an American track and field athlete who competes in the javelin throw. She won the gold medal in the event at the 2011 Pan American Games.", "Q66631": "Conrad of Megenberg (German: Konrad von Megenberg, Latin: Conradus Megenbergensis; 1309\u20131374) was a German Catholic scholar, and a writer.\n\n", "Q58907": "Philip I (c.1052 \u2013 29 July 1108), called the Amorous, was King of the Franks from 1060 to 1108. His reign, like that of most of the early Capetians, was extraordinarily long for the time. The monarchy began a modest recovery from the low it reached in the reign of his father and he added to the royal demesne the Vexin and Bourges.", "Q541929": "Louisa Lawson (n\u00e9e Albury) (17 February 1848 \u2013 12 August 1920) was an Australian poet, writer, publisher, suffragist, and feminist. She was the mother of the poet and author Henry Lawson.", "Q76422": "Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach (German: [\u02c8lu\u02d0tv\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8f\u0254\u028f\u032f\u0250bax]; 28 July 1804 \u2013 13 September 1872) was a German philosopher and anthropologist best known for his book The Essence of Christianity, which provided a critique of Christianity that strongly influenced generations of later thinkers, including Charles Darwin, Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, Friedrich Engels, Richard Wagner, and Friedrich Nietzsche.An associate of Left Hegelian circles, Feuerbach advocated atheism and anthropological materialism. Many of his philosophical writings offered a critical analysis of religion. His thought was influential in the development of historical materialism, where he is often recognized as a bridge between Hegel and Marx.", "Q536579": "Dahn Ben-Amotz (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05df \u05d1\u05df \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e5, born on April 13, 1924, died October 20, 1989) was an Israeli radio broadcaster, journalist, playwright, and author, as well as a former Palmah member. Despite having immigrated from Poland in 1938, he was often considered the epitome of the \"Sabra\", a native born Israeli Jew.", "Q1659471": "Lumumba Carson (August 4, 1956 \u2013 March 17, 2006), known by his stage names Baba Professor X the Overseer, Professor X, or PXO was born the son of Brooklyn-based activist Sonny Carson.\nCarson was a founding member of the hip hop group X Clan and was featured in nearly all songs on the albums To the East, Blackwards (1990) and Xodus (1992), right before the group went on hiatus. He released two solo albums:Years of the 9, on the Blackhand Side (1990) and Puss 'N Boots (The Struggle Continues...) (1993).\nCarson died from complications associated with spinal meningitis in 2006.He has left behind two daughters, Amanimelele Carson and Hebhyanza Wilkins.\n\n", "Q325038": "Vasili Vasilyevich Kuznetsov (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043e\u0432; 13 February [O.S. 31 January] 1901 \u2013 5 June 1990) was a Russian Soviet politician who acted as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union from 1982 to 1983, for a second time in 1984, and for a third time in 1985.\nKuznetsov was born in Sofilovka, Kostroma Governorate. He joined the Communist Party in May 1927. He took a break from his engineering education when he went to the United States to study metal processing at Carnegie Mellon University from 1931 to 1933.\nKuznetsov held a variety of government and Communist Party positions beginning in 1940. He was Chairman of the Soviet of Nationalities from 12 March 1946 to 12 March 1950 and simultaneously Chairman of the Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions from 15 March 1944 to 12 March 1953. In 1955 he became First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. On 7 October 1977 he was elected as First Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, a position he held until 18 June 1986. Upon the deaths of Leonid Brezhnev (1982), Yuri Andropov (1984) and Konstantin Chernenko (1985), Kuznetsov became acting chairman of the Presidium until the election of a successor.He retired in 1986 and died in Moscow on 5 June 1990.", "Q270005": "Jeanne Balibar (born 13 April 1968) is a French actress and singer.", "Q70053": "Konrad Mutian (Latin: Conradus Mutianus) (15 October 1470 \u2013 30 March 1526) was a German humanist. He was born in Homburg of well-to-do parents named Muth, and was subsequently known as Konrad Mutianus Rufus from his red hair.\nAt Deventer under Alexander Hegius he had Erasmus as school-fellow; proceeding (1486) to the university of Erfurt, he took the master's degree in 1492. From 1495 he travelled in Italy, taking the doctor's degree in Canon law at Bologna. Returning in 1502, the landgraf of Hesse promoted him to high office. The post was not congenial; he resigned it (1503) for a small salary as canonicus in Gotha.\nMutian was a man of great influence in a select circle especially connected with the university of Erfurt, and known as the Mutianischer Bund, which included Helius Eobanus Hessus, Crotus Rubeanus, Justus Jonas and other leaders of independent thought. He had no public ambition; except in correspondence, and as an epigrammatist, he was no writer, but he furnished ideas to those who wrote. He took from Petrarch his emphasis on leading a good life and believed religion should stress ethics over theology.\nHe may deserve the title which has been given him as \"precursor of the Reformation,\" insofar as he desired the reform of the Church based on the writings of St. Paul, but not the establishment of a rival. Like Erasmus, he was with Luther in his early stage, but deserted him in his later development. Though he had personally no hand in it, the Epistolae obscurorum virorum (due especially to Crotus Rubeanus) was the outcome of the Reuchlinists in his Bund. He died at Gotha on 30 March (Good Friday) 1526.", "Q1421566": "Arthur Hoyt (March 19, 1874 \u2013 January 4, 1953) was an American film character actor who appeared in more than 275 films in his 34-year film career, about a third of them silent films. He was a brother of Harry O. Hoyt.", "Q508497": "Fernando Ezequiel 'Pino' Solanas (born 16 February 1936) is an Argentine film director, screenwriter and politician. His films include La hora de los hornos (The Hour of the Furnaces) (1968), Tangos: el exilio de Gardel (1985), Sur (1988), El viaje (1992), La nube (1998) and Memoria del saqueo (2004), among many others. Since 2013, he has been a National Senator representing the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.\nSolanas studied theatre, music and law. In 1962, he directed his first short feature Seguir andando and in 1968 he covertly produced and directed his first long feature film La Hora de los Hornos, a documentary on neo-colonialism and violence in Latin America. The film won several international awards and was screened around the world. Solanas has won the Grand Jury Prize and the Critics Award at the Venice Film Festival and the Prix de la mise en sc\u00e8ne at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1999 he was the President of the Jury at the 21st Moscow International Film Festival. He was awarded a special Honorary Golden Bear at the 2004 Berlin Film Festival. He collaborated with tango composer and musician \u00c1stor Piazzolla on the soundtracks for various movies.", "Q289": "Television (TV), sometimes shortened to tele or telly, is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black and white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a television set, a television program (\"TV show\"), or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, entertainment and news.\nTelevision became available in crude experimental forms in the late 1920s, but it would still be several years before the new technology would be marketed to consumers. After World War II, an improved form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses, and institutions. During the 1950s, television was the primary medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US and most other developed countries. The availability of multiple types of archival storage media such as Betamax and VHS tapes, high-capacity hard disk drives, DVDs, flash drives, high-definition Blu-ray Discs, and cloud digital video recorders has enabled viewers to watch pre-recorded material\u2014such as movies\u2014at home on their own time schedule. For many reasons, especially the convenience of remote retrieval, the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud. At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity. Another development was the move from standard-definition television (SDTV) (576i, with 576 interlaced lines of resolution and 480i) to high-definition television (HDTV), which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various formats: 1080p, 1080i and 720p. Since 2010, with the invention of smart television, Internet television has increased the availability of television programs and movies via the Internet through streaming video services such as Netflix, Amazon Video, iPlayer and Hulu.\nIn 2013, 79% of the world's households owned a television set. The replacement of early bulky, high-voltage cathode ray tube (CRT) screen displays with compact, energy-efficient, flat-panel alternative technologies such as LCDs (both fluorescent-backlit and LED), OLED displays, and plasma displays was a hardware revolution that began with computer monitors in the late 1990s. Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs. Major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. In the near future, LEDs are expected to be gradually replaced by OLEDs. Also, major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s.Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers. Alternatively television signals are distributed by coaxial cable or optical fiber, satellite systems and, since the 2000s via the Internet. Until the early 2000s, these were transmitted as analog signals, but a transition to digital television is expected to be completed worldwide by the late 2010s. A standard television set is composed of multiple internal electronic circuits, including a tuner for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is correctly called a video monitor rather than a television.", "Q36760": "David IV, also known as David the Builder (Georgian: \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, Davit Aghmashenebeli) (1073\u2013 24 January 1125), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king of Georgia from 1089 until his death in 1125.Popularly considered to be the greatest and most successful Georgian ruler in history and an original architect of the Georgian Golden Age, he succeeded in driving the Seljuk Turks out of the country, winning the major Battle of Didgori in 1121. His reforms of the army and administration enabled him to reunite the country and bring most of the lands of the Caucasus under Georgia\u2019s control. A friend of the church and a notable promoter of Christian culture, he was canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church.", "Q706370": "Liu Zhenyun (born May 1958) is a Chinese novelist and screenwriter. He is best known for his novel Someone to Talk To (awarded the 2011 Mao Dun Literature Prize) as well as his involvement with the many film adaptions of his books. Among these is I Am Not Madame Bovary, produced in collaboration with director Feng Xiaogang, a frequent collaborator of Liu. He is married to noted human rights activist Guo Jianmei.", "Q67249": "Reconvilier is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).", "Q322031": "John Patrick 'Pugwash' Weathers (born 7 February 1947) is a drummer, best known for playing with the progressive rock band Gentle Giant.", "Q688549": "The Saint-Gotthard Massif (German: Gotthardmassiv or Sankt-Gotthard-Massiv) is a mountain range in the Alps in Switzerland, located at the border of four cantons: Valais, Ticino, Uri and Graub\u00fcnden. It is delimited by the Nufenen Pass on the west, by the Furka Pass and the Oberalp Pass on the north and by the Lukmanier Pass on the east. The homonymous Gotthard Pass, lying at the heart of the massif, is the main route from north to south (excluding tunnels).", "Q1906236": "Mary Cleere Haran (May 13, 1952 - February 5, 2011) was an American singer known for her work as a cabaret artist. Her skills in performing popular music and jazz enabled her to entertain audiences with either genre or a combination of the two. A review in the trade publication Variety described her as having \"an easygoing earthiness that glows in the velvet textures of her voice ...\"", "Q226525": "Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler (24 April 1845 \u2013 29 December 1924) was a Swiss poet who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1919 \"in special appreciation of his epic, Olympian Spring\". His work includes both pessimistic and heroic poems.", "Q284184": "Ra.One is a 2011 Indian Hindi-language superhero film directed by Anubhav Sinha and starring Shah Rukh Khan, Armaan Verma, Kareena Kapoor, Arjun Rampal, Shahana Goswami and Tom Wu in pivotal roles. The script, written by Anubhav Sinha and Kanika Dhillon, originated as an idea that Anubhav Sinha got when he saw a television commercial and which he subsequently expanded. The film follows Shekhar Subramanium (Shah Rukh Khan), a game designer who creates a motion sensor-based game in which the antagonist (Ra.One) is more powerful than the protagonist (G.One). The former escapes from the game's virtual world and enters the real world; his aim is to kill Lucifer, the game ID of Shekhar's son and the only player to have challenged Ra.One's power. Relentlessly pursued, the family is forced to bring out G.One from the virtual world to defeat Ra.One and protect them.\nPrincipal photography began in March 2010 and took place in India and the United Kingdom and was overseen by an international crew. The post-production involved 3-D conversion and the application of visual effects, the latter being recognised as a technological breakthrough among Indian films. With a budget of \u20b9150 crore (equivalent to \u20b9249 crore or US$35 million in 2019), inclusive of publicity costs, Ra.One was the most expensive Indian film at the time of release surpassing the \u20b9132 crore (equivalent to \u20b9238 crore or US$33 million in 2019) budget of Enthiran. The producers spent \u20b9130 crore (equivalent to \u20b9216 crore or US$30 million in 2019) out of a \u20b952 crore (equivalent to \u20b986 crore or US$12 million in 2019) marketing budget, which involved a nine-month publicity campaign, brand tie-ups, merchandise, video games and viral marketing.\nThe film faced controversies involving plagiarism, content leaks and copyright challenges. Consequently, Ra.One was theatrically released on 26 October 2011, the beginning of the five-day Diwali weekend, in 2D, 3D and dubbed versions in Tamil and Telugu languages, with three international premieres being held between 24 & 26 October 2011. The film witnessed the largest international theatrical release for an Indian film as of 2011, and was preceded by high audience and commercial expectations.\nUpon release, Ra.One received mixed to positive reviews, with critics praising the visual effects, action sequences, music, and the performances of Khan and Rampal, but criticising the script, direction, and screenplay. Commercially, the film became the third highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2011 domestically, the second highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2011 worldwide, and broke a number of opening box office records. As the film earned more than \u20b9207 crores, it was considered a \"Hit\". The film subsequently won a number of awards for its technical aspects, notably one National Film Award, one Filmfare Award and four International Indian Film Academy Awards.\n\n", "Q7634249": "Sue Records was also the name of a Louisiana-based record company which owned Jewel Records (Shreveport record label).\nSue Records (\"The Sound of Soul\") was an American record label founded by Henry 'Juggy' Murray and Bobby Robinson in 1957. Subsidiaries on the label were Symbol Records, Crackerjack Records, Broadway Records and Eastern Records. Sue also financed and distributed A.F.O. Records owned by Harold Battiste in New Orleans.", "Q719250": "Yasutaka Tsutsui (\u7b52\u4e95 \u5eb7\u9686, Tsutsui Yasutaka, born September 24, 1934 in Osaka) is a Japanese novelist, science fiction author, and actor. His Yumenokizaka bunkiten won the Tanizaki Prize in 1987. He has also won the 1981 Izumi Kyoka award, the 1989 Kawabata Yasunari award, and the 1992 Nihon SF Taisho Award.", "Q1286582": "Sebasti\u00e1n Zurita Bach (born 22 November 1986) is a Mexican actor.", "Q433415": "Jennifer Nicole Freeman is an American actress, often credited as Jennifer N. Freeman. She is best known for playing the role of Claire Kyle in the sitcom My Wife and Kids.", "Q56094": "Francis Ford Coppola (, Italian: [\u02c8k\u0254ppola]; born April 7, 1939) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, film composer, and vintner. He was a central figure in the New Hollywood filmmaking movement of the 1960s and 1970s. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest filmmakers of all time.After directing The Rain People in 1969, Coppola co-wrote Patton (1970), earning the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay along with Edmund H. North. Coppola's reputation as a filmmaker was cemented with the release of The Godfather (1972). The film revolutionized movie-making in the gangster genre, and was adored by the public and critics alike. The Godfather won three Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actor, and Best Adapted Screenplay (shared with Mario Puzo).\nThe Godfather Part II, which followed in 1974, became the first sequel to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. Highly regarded by critics, the film brought Coppola three more Academy Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Director, and Best Picture, and made him the second director (after Billy Wilder) to be so honored three times for the same film. The Conversation, which Coppola directed, produced and wrote, was released that same year, winning the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. His next film, Apocalypse Now (1979), which notoriously had a lengthy and strenuous production, was widely acclaimed for its vivid depiction of the Vietnam War. The film won the Palme d'Or, making Coppola one of only eight filmmakers to have won that award twice.\nHis best-known films released since the start of the 1980s are the dramas The Outsiders and Rumble Fish (both 1983), the crime dramas The Cotton Club (1984) and The Godfather Part III (1990), and the horror film Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992). A number of Coppola's relatives and children have become famous actors and filmmakers in their own right: his sister is the actress Talia Shire; his daughter Sofia Coppola and granddaughter Gia Coppola are directors, and the actors Jason Schwartzman and Nicolas Cage are his nephews. Coppola resides in Napa, California.", "Q220154": "27 Dresses is a 2008 romantic comedy film directed by Anne Fletcher and written by Aline Brosh McKenna. The film stars Katherine Heigl and James Marsden. The film was released January 10, 2008 in Australia and opened in the United States on January 18.", "Q521763": "Andr\u00e9 Maugars (c. 1580 \u2013 c. 1645) was a French viola da gamba player. Marin Mersenne described him, along with Nicolas Hotman as the most excellent French viola da gamba virtuoso, in particular, improviser of diminutions.\nHe is first identified as a musician attached to Henriette Marie de France, and follows her to London after her marriage to Charles I of England in 1625. He stayed there until about 1627 and was probably in the service of James I of England in his court orchestra. After his return, he published a French translation of the Francis Bacon's letter Advancement of learning. First he worked as a translator at the French court, later for the Cardinal Richelieu. This made him in 1630 the Prior of the Monastery St. Pierre-Eynac in Le Puy-en-Velay. In 1634, he published a translation of another Bacon's letter Considerations Touching on a War with Spain. In 1637 or in the next years, he travelled to Rome. Following this journey, he wrote the account in the form of a letter Response faite \u00e0 un curieux sur le sentiment de la musique en Italie, escrite \u00e0 Rome, le 1er octobre 1639 (Response to an Inquisitive Person on the Italian Feeling about Music, wrote in Rome on 1th October 1639). about his experiences from his Italian journey, which was published posthumous in 1672. This account is a valuable historical musical testimony about the contemporary Italian church music, oratorio and instrumental music in comparison with the French music of his time.", "Q922191": "Thomas Bailey Aldrich (; November 11, 1836 \u2013 March 19, 1907) was an American writer, poet, critic, and editor. He is notable for his long editorship of The Atlantic Monthly, during which he published writers including Charles W. Chesnutt. He was also known for his semi-autobiographical book The Story of a Bad Boy, which established the \"bad boy's book\" subgenre in nineteenth-century American literature, and for his poetry, which included \"The Unguarded Gates\".", "Q953768": "John Foxx (born Dennis Leigh; 26 September 1948) is an English singer, artist, photographer and teacher. He was the original lead singer of the band Ultravox, before leaving to embark on a solo career (with Midge Ure eventually taking his place in Ultravox). Primarily associated with electronic synthesizer music, he has also pursued a parallel career in graphic design and education.\nAndy Kellman of AllMusic noted that Foxx \"was one of those cult figures known more through the recordings of others rather than those of his own making. His detached, jolting vocal style inspired mainstream and underground artists across the decades, from synth pop superstar Gary Numan to electro-techno duo Adult\".", "Q2290": "Porsgrunn is a city and municipality in Telemark in the county of Vestfold og Telemark in Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Grenland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Porsgrunn.\nThe municipality of Porsgrunn was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The town of Brevik and the rural district of Eidanger were merged into the municipality of Porsgrunn on 1 January 1964.\nThe conurbation of Porsgrunn and Skien is considered by Statistics Norway to be the seventh-largest city in Norway.", "Q193326": "The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., () is an American multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in New York City. It offers services in investment management, securities, asset management, prime brokerage, and securities underwriting.\nThe bank is one of the largest investment banking enterprises in the world, and is a primary dealer in the United States Treasury security market and more generally, a prominent market maker. The group also owns Goldman Sachs Bank USA, a direct bank. Goldman Sachs was founded in 1869 and is headquartered at 200 West Street in Lower Manhattan with additional offices in other international financial centers.As a result of its involvement in securitization during the subprime mortgage crisis, Goldman Sachs suffered during the financial crisis of 2007\u20132008, and received a $10 billion investment from the United States Department of the Treasury as part of the Troubled Asset Relief Program, a financial bailout created by the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008. The investment was made in November 2008 and was repaid in June 2009.Former employees of Goldman Sachs have moved on to government positions. Notable examples includes former U.S. Secretaries of the Treasury Robert Rubin and Henry Paulson; current United States Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin; former Under Secretary of State John C. Whitehead; former chief economic advisor Gary Cohn; United States Senator and former Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine; former Prime Minister of Italy Mario Monti; European Central Bank President Mario Draghi; former Bank of Canada Governor and current Governor of the Bank of England Mark Carney; and the former Prime Minister of Australia Malcolm Turnbull. In addition, former Goldman employees have headed the New York Stock Exchange, the World Bank, and competing banks such as Citigroup and Merrill Lynch.\nThe company is ranked 62nd on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.", "Q262367": "George Westinghouse Jr. (October 6, 1846 \u2013 March 12, 1914) was an American entrepreneur and engineer based in Pennsylvania who invented the railway air brake and was a pioneer of the electrical industry, gaining his first patent at the age of 19. Westinghouse saw the potential in alternating current as an electricity distribution system in the early 1880s and put all his resources into developing and marketing it, a move that put his business in direct competition with the Edison direct current system. In 1911 Westinghouse received the AIEE's Edison Medal \"For meritorious achievement in connection with the development of the alternating current system.\"", "Q349690": "Melvin Jerome Blanc (; May 30, 1908 \u2013 July 10, 1989) was an American voice actor and radio personality. After beginning his over-60-year career performing in radio, he became known for his work in animation as the voices of Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, and most of the other characters from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons during the golden age of American animation.He later voiced characters for Hanna-Barbera's television cartoons, including Barney Rubble on The Flintstones and Mr. Spacely on The Jetsons. During the golden age of radio, Blanc also frequently performed on the programs of comedians from the era, including Jack Benny, Abbott and Costello, Burns and Allen, The Great Gildersleeve, and Judy Canova.Blanc was nicknamed \"The Man of a Thousand Voices\", and is regarded as one of the most influential people in the voice acting industry.", "Q101644": "Rudolf Kanzler (born 26 February 1873 in Wasserburg am Inn - died 26 February 1956 in Munich) was a German surveyor and politician who was involved in the organisation of Freikorps units after World War I.\nA Roman Catholic, Kanzler was thus a member of the Centre Party and served this party in the Landtag of Bavaria as representative for Lichtenfels from 1905 to 1918. Noted for his anti-communism he organised a B\u00fcrgerwehr or militia against the communists in Rosenheim in 1919. This group grew into the Freikorps Chiemgau, for a time the largest single Freikorps in Germany, under the command of Kanzler who became known as the 'White General'. Kanzler became an ally of the rightist militant Georg Escherich and soon led his own Organisation Kanzler or 'Orka' in imitation of Escherich's Orgesch. Like his ally he became close to Richard Steidle in Austria and helped him in the organisation of the Heimwehr.Kanzler stood down from his Freikorps roles in 1921 and later became a member of Carl Spruner von Mertz's Bayerischer Heimat- und K\u00f6nigsbund, a monarchist group that was outlawed in 1933 after the formation of the Nazi Party regime. Indeed, Kanzler had been an early leader of this group, which - beyond a nostalgically sentimental attachment to the House of Wittelsbach - had little function, before giving way to General von Krafft. Kanzler had little in common with the Nazis and was jailed for treason during the Third Reich for attempting to promote monarchism and for co-operating with the Black Front of Otto Strasser. Following his death, on his 83rd birthday, he was buried in his home town of Wasserburg am Inn.\n\n", "Q3188408": "Jules Antoine Marie Philippe Aubrun (23 October 1881 \u2013 8 February 1959) was a French engineer.\nHe served as an executive in various mining and steel making companies, and helped coordinate the iron and steel industry in France before, during and after World War II (1939\u201345).\n\n", "Q1799": "Wroc\u0142aw (UK: VROTS-wahf, US: VRAWTS-wahf, -\u2060lahf, -\u2060lahv, Polish: [\u02c8vr\u0254t\u0361swaf] (listen); German: Breslau [\u02c8b\u0281\u025bsla\u028a] (listen); Czech: Vratislav; Latin: Vratislavia) is a city in western Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, roughly 350 kilometres (220 mi) from the Baltic Sea to the north and 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the Sudeten Mountains to the south. The population of Wroc\u0142aw in 2019 was 641,607, making it the fourth-largest city in Poland and the main city of the Wroc\u0142aw agglomeration.Wroc\u0142aw is the historical capital of Silesia and Lower Silesia. Today, it is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. The history of the city dates back over a thousand years, and its long heritage combines almost all the religions and cultures of Europe. At various times, it has been part of the Kingdom of Poland, the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Habsburg Monarchy, Prussia and Germany. Wroc\u0142aw became part of Poland again in 1945 as part of the so-called Recovered Territories as a result of the border changes after the Second World War. This included the flight and expulsion of the mostly German population of the city.\nWroc\u0142aw is a university city with a student population of over 130,000, making it arguably one of the most youth-oriented cities in the country. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the University of Wroc\u0142aw, previously Breslau University, has produced 9 Nobel Prize laureates and is renowned for its high quality of teaching.Wroc\u0142aw is classified as a Gamma- global city by GaWC. It was placed among the top 100 cities in the world for the Mercer Quality of Living Survey and in the top 100 of the smartest cities in the world in the IESE Cities in Motion Index 2017 and 2019 report. Wroc\u0142aw also possesses numerous historical landmarks, including the Main Market Square, Cathedral Island and the Centennial Hall, which is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. \nIn 1989, 1995 and 2019 Wroc\u0142aw hosted the European Youth Meetings of the Taiz\u00e9 Community and hosted the Eucharistic Congress in 1997 and the 2012 European Football Championship. In 2016, the city was a European Capital of Culture and the World Book Capital. Also in that year, Wroc\u0142aw hosted the Theatre Olympics, World Bridge Games and the European Film Awards. In 2017, the city was host to the IFLA Annual Conference and the World Games. In 2019, it was named a UNESCO City of Literature.", "Q121594": "Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a \"person who professes\". Professors are usually experts in their field and teachers of the highest rank.In many systems of academic ranks, \"professor\" refers only to the most senior academic position, sometimes informally known as \"full professor.\" In some countries and institutions, the word \"professor\" is also used in titles of lower ranks such as associate professor and assistant professor; this is particularly the case in the United States. This colloquial usage would be considered incorrect among other academic communities. However, the unqualified title \"Professor\" designated with a capital letter nearly always refers to a full professor.\nProfessors often conduct original research and commonly teach undergraduate, professional, or postgraduate courses in their fields of expertise. In universities with graduate schools, professors may mentor and supervise graduate students conducting research for a thesis or dissertation. In many universities, full professors take on senior managerial roles such as leading departments, research teams and institutes, and filling roles such as president, principal or vice-chancellor. The role of professor may be more public-facing than that of more junior staff, and professors are expected to be national or international leaders in their field of expertise.", "Q64998": "Gustav-Adolf \"T\u00e4ve\" Schur (born 23 February 1931 in Heyrothsberge, Province of Saxony) is a former German cyclist and one of the most popular sportspeople in East Germany. His sporting career began with SC DHfK Leipzig. He was the first German to win the amateur competition of the World Cycling Championships and the Peace Race. Between 1959 and 1990 Schur was a member of the Volkskammer, the East German parliament.", "Q439886": "Ophelia Lucy Lovibond (born 19 February 1986) is an English actress. She is known for her roles as Carina in the film Guardians of the Galaxy, Izzy Gould in the BBC's W1A, and Kitty Winter in CBS's Elementary.", "Q110749": "Will Tremper (19 September 1928 \u2013 14 December 1998) was a German journalist and filmmaker (writer, director, producer). He wrote twelve screenplays between 1956 and 1988. The young and then unknown actor Horst Buchholz starred in his first three films. With only a handful of films to his credit, he established himself quickly as the German answer to the directors of the Nouvelle Vague in France.\n\n", "Q523174": "Arthur R. Butz (born 1933) is an associate professor of electrical engineering at Northwestern University, United States and a Holocaust denier best known as the author of The Hoax of the Twentieth Century. He achieved tenure in 1974 and currently teaches classes in control system theory and digital signal processing.", "Q45956": "Kathleen Courtney Hochul ( HOH-kull; born August 27, 1958) is an American politician serving as Lieutenant Governor of New York since 2015. She previously served as the U.S. Representative for New York's 26th congressional district from June 1, 2011 to January 3, 2013. She prevailed in the four-candidate special election of May 24, 2011, to fill the seat left vacant by the resignation of Republican Chris Lee, and was the first Democrat to represent the district in 40 years.\nHochul served as the County Clerk of Erie County, New York from 2007 until 2011, when she assumed her seat in Congress. Previously, she was a deputy county clerk, a member of the Hamburg Town Board, a practicing attorney, and a legislative aide. Hochul was defeated for reelection to Congress by former Erie County Executive Chris Collins, after her district was renumbered as 27th district. She also worked as a government relations specialist with Buffalo-based M&T Bank.", "Q233896": "Gail Kim (born February 20, 1977) is a retired Canadian-American professional wrestler, currently signed to Impact Wrestling, where she serves as a producer. In Impact Wrestling, she is also a record setting seven-time Knockouts Champion. She is also known for her two stints in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), where she won the WWE Women's Championship in her first match.\nKim began her career wrestling on the Canadian-American independent circuit, before joining WWE in 2002. She became the first WWE Diva in history to win a championship in her debut match. After being released by WWE in 2004, Kim joined TNA in September 2005. There, she joined the tag team America's Most Wanted as their valet. After the dissolution of the group, Kim performed as a singles wrestler, eventually becoming the inaugural TNA Knockouts Champion in October 2007. During her time in TNA, she had an acclaimed feud with Awesome Kong, which is generally considered one of the greatest women's wrestling feuds of the 2000s. She later left TNA in August 2008, to return to WWE three months later, where she remained until 2011. The following October she returned to TNA. In 2012, Pro Wrestling Illustrated named Kim the number one female wrestler in the world and in 2016 she was announced as the first female inductee into the TNA Wrestling Hall of Fame.", "Q1058252": "Richard Stephen Sinclair (born 6 June 1948) is an English progressive rock bassist, guitarist, and vocalist who has been a member of several bands of the Canterbury scene.", "Q438540": "Josie Loren Lopez (born March 19, 1987) known professionally as Josie Loren, is an American actress. She is best known for the role of Kaylie Cruz in the ABC Family series Make It or Break It, and as FBI Agent Michelle Vega in the TV series The Mentalist.\n\n", "Q339377": "Masashi Goda (\u5408\u7530 \u96c5\u540f, G\u014dda Masashi) is a Japanese actor from Kanagawa Prefecture. He is best known for his portrayal of Yuuji Mita/OHBlue in Ch\u014driki Sentai Ohranger. In 2009, he joined the cast of Samurai Sentai Shinkenger in the recurring role of Shiba Retsud\u014d, the first Shinken Red.", "Q64740": "Tamins (Romansh: Tumein) is a village and a municipality in the Imboden Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q35269": "Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group reports a worldwide membership of approximately 8.68 million adherents involved in evangelism and an annual Memorial attendance of over 20 million. Jehovah's Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Warwick, New York, United States, which establishes all doctrines based on its interpretations of the Bible. They believe that the destruction of the present world system at Armageddon is imminent, and that the establishment of God's kingdom over the earth is the only solution for all problems faced by humanity.The group emerged from the Bible Student movement founded in the late 1870s by Charles Taze Russell, who also co-founded Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society in 1881 to organize and print the movement's publications. A leadership dispute after Russell's death resulted in several groups breaking away, with Joseph Franklin Rutherford retaining control of the Watch Tower Society and its properties. Rutherford made significant organizational and doctrinal changes, including adoption of the name Jehovah's witnesses in 1931 to distinguish them from other Bible Student groups and symbolize a break with the legacy of Russell's traditions.Jehovah's Witnesses are best known for their door-to-door preaching, distributing literature such as The Watchtower and Awake!, and for refusing military service and blood transfusions. They consider the use of God's name vital for proper worship. They reject Trinitarianism, inherent immortality of the soul, and hellfire, which they consider to be unscriptural doctrines. They do not observe Christmas, Easter, birthdays or other holidays and customs they consider to have pagan origins incompatible with Christianity. They prefer to use their own Bible translation, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, although their literature occasionally quotes and cites other Bible translations. Adherents commonly refer to their body of beliefs as \"The Truth\" and consider themselves to be \"in the Truth\". They consider secular society to be morally corrupt and under the influence of Satan, and most limit their social interaction with non-Witnesses. Congregational disciplinary actions include disfellowshipping, their term for formal expulsion and shunning, a last resort for what they consider serious offences. Baptized individuals who formally leave are considered disassociated and are also shunned. Disfellowshipped and disassociated individuals may eventually be reinstated if deemed repentant.The group's position regarding conscientious objection to military service and refusal to salute state symbols (like national anthems and flags) has brought it into conflict with some governments. Consequently, some Jehovah's Witnesses have been persecuted and their activities are banned or restricted in some countries. Persistent legal challenges by Jehovah's Witnesses have influenced legislation related to civil rights in several countries.The organization has received criticism regarding biblical translation, doctrines, and alleged coercion of its members. The Watch Tower Society has made various unfulfilled predictions about major biblical events such as Christ's Second Coming, the advent of God's Kingdom, and Armageddon. Their policies for handling cases of child sexual abuse have been the subject of various formal inquiries.", "Q2797472": "Leslie Lynch King Sr. (July 25, 1884 \u2013 February 18, 1941) was the biological father of U.S. President Gerald Ford. Because of his alcoholism and abusive behavior, his wife, Dorothy Gardner, left him sixteen days after Ford's birth. King is believed to have seen him only once, while Ford was in high school.\n\n", "Q163957": "Pierre Samuel \"Pete\" du Pont IV (born January 22, 1935) is an American lawyer and politician from Rockland, in New Castle County, Delaware, near Wilmington. He was the United States Representative for Delaware from 1971 to 1977 and the 68th governor of Delaware from 1977 to 1985. He is a member of the Republican Party.", "Q48282": "A student is primarily a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution who attends classes in a course to attain the appropriate level of mastery of a subject under the guidance of an instructor and who devotes time outside class to do whatever activities the instructor assigns that are necessary either for class preparation or to submit evidence of progress towards that mastery. In the broader sense, a student is anyone who applies themselves to the intensive intellectual engagement with some matter necessary to master it as part of some practical affair in which such mastery is basic or decisive.\nIn the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, the term \"student\" denotes those enrolled in secondary schools and higher (e.g., college or university); those enrolled in primary/elementary schools are called \"pupils\".", "Q114507": "Jan Hofer (born 31 January 1950 or 1952 in B\u00fcderich), is a German journalist, broadcast news analyst and television presenter. He is the anchor and managing editor of the news programme Tagesschau on Das Erste.", "Q530646": "Raymond Herbert Wise (born August 20, 1947) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Leland Palmer in Twin Peaks (1990\u20131991, 2017) and its prequel film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992), Vice President Hal Gardner in 24 (2006), The Devil in Reaper (2007\u20132009), and Marvin in Fresh Off the Boat (2015\u20132020).", "Q231071": "Anna Marie Wooldridge (August 6, 1930 \u2013 August 14, 2010), known professionally as Abbey Lincoln, was an American jazz vocalist, songwriter, and actress. She was a civil rights activist beginning in the 1960s. Lincoln made a career not only out of delivering deeply felt presentations of standards but writing and singing her own material.", "Q58091": "Stavros Dimas (Greek: \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c2, Greek pronunciation: [\u02c8stavros \u02c8\u00f0imas]; born 30 April 1941) is a Greek politician who was European Commissioner for the Environment from 2004 to 2009. From November 2011 to May 2012, he served in the government of Greece as Minister for Foreign Affairs. The New Democracy\u2013PASOK coalition government nominated him for the post of President of Greece in December 2014, but he failed to achieve the necessary votes, forcing the dissolution of parliament.", "Q537129": "Shannon Maureen McNally (born March 17, 1973) is an American singer and songwriter.", "Q196276": "Gert Jan Maarten \"Gert-Jan\" Segers (born 9 July 1969 in Lisse) is a Dutch political scientist and politician. As a member of the ChristianUnion (ChristenUnie), he has been an MP since 20 September 2012. He has also been parliamentary leader since 10 November 2015, succeeding Arie Slob.Segers studied political science at Leiden University and obtained a master's degree in Western-Islamic relations and the Middle East at Johns Hopkins University. From 2000 to 2007 he was a Christian missionary in Egypt. From 2008 to 2012, he was the chairman of the ChristianUnion think tank Mr. G. Groen van Prinsterer Stichting.He is also a columnist for the Dutch newspaper Nederlands Dagblad, and he wrote two books about Islam-related topics, as well as two novels.\nGert-Jan Segers is married and has three children. Mayor of Staphorst Theo Segers is his cousin.", "Q92940": "Tim Paterson (born 1 June 1956) is an American computer programmer, best known for creating 86-DOS, an operating system for the Intel 8086. This system emulated the application programming interface (API) of CP/M, which was created by Gary Kildall. 86-DOS later formed the basis of MS-DOS, the most widely used personal computer operating system in the 1980s.", "Q78341": "Bernd Otto Neumann (born 6 January 1942) is a former German politician and since 2014 president of the German Federal Film Board (FFA).", "Q112176": "Ernst von Glasersfeld (March 8, 1917, Munich \u2013 November 12, 2010, Leverett, Franklin County, Massachusetts) was a philosopher, and emeritus professor of psychology at the University of Georgia, research associate at the Scientific Reasoning Research Institute, and adjunct professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He was a member of the board of trustees of the American Society of Cybernetics, from which he received the McCulloch Memorial Award in 1991. He was a member of the scientific board of the Instituto Piaget, Lisbon.", "Q1459393": "The S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy (\u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0421. \u041c. \u041a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430) is the oldest school of military medicine in Saint Petersburg and the Russian Federation. Senior medical staff are trained for the Armed Forces and conduct research in military medical services.", "Q27645": "Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (; 30 May [O.S. 18 May] 1814 \u2013 1 July 1876) was a Russian revolutionary anarchist and founder of collectivist anarchism. He is considered among the most influential figures of anarchism and a major founder of the social anarchist tradition. Bakunin's prestige as an activist also made him one of the most famous ideologues in Europe, gaining substantial influence among radicals throughout Russia and Europe.\nBakunin grew up in Pryamukhino, a family estate in Tver Governorate. From 1840, he studied in Moscow, then in Berlin hoping to enter academia. Later in Paris, he met Karl Marx and the father of anarchism, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who deeply influenced him.\nBakunin's increasing radicalism ended hopes of a professorial career. He was expelled from France for opposing Russia's occupation of Poland. In 1849, he was arrested in Dresden for his participation in the Czech rebellion of 1848 and deported to Russia. There he was imprisoned in Saint Petersburg, then in the Shlisselburg fortress from 1854, then exiled to Siberia in 1857. He escaped via Japan to the United States, then to London where he worked with Alexander Herzen on the journal Kolokol (The Bell). In 1863, he left to join the insurrection in Poland, but failed to reach it and instead spent time in Switzerland and Italy.\nIn 1868, Bakunin joined the International Working Men's Association, leading an anarchist faction to rapidly grow in influence. The 1872 Hague Congress was dominated by a struggle between Bakunin and Marx. Marx was a key figure in the General Council of the International and argued for the use of the state to bring about socialism; Bakunin and the anarchist faction argued instead for the replacement of the state by federations of self-governing workplaces and communes. Bakunin could not reach the Netherlands and in his absence, the anarchist faction lost and he was expelled for maintaining, in Marx's view, a secret organisation within the International.\nFrom 1870 until his death in 1876, Bakunin wrote his longer works, Statism and Anarchy and God and the State, but continued to directly participate in European worker and peasant movements. In 1870, he was involved in an insurrection in Lyon, France. He sought to take part in an anarchist insurrection in Bologna, Italy, but his declining health forced him to return to Switzerland in disguise.\nBakunin is remembered as a major figure in the history of anarchism, an opponent of Marxism, especially of the dictatorship of the proletariat, and for his predictions that Marxist regimes would be one-party dictatorships over the proletariat, not of the proletariat itself. His book, God and the State, has been widely translated and remains in print. Bakunin continues to influence anarchists such as Noam Chomsky. His biographer Mark Leier wrote that, \"Bakunin had a significant influence on later thinkers, ranging from Peter Kropotkin and Errico Malatesta to the Wobblies and Spanish anarchists in the Civil War to Herbert Marcuse, E.P. Thompson, Neil Postman, and A.S. Neill, down to the anarchists gathered these days under the banner of 'anti-globalization.'\"", "Q102365": "P\u00e4rnu (Estonian pronunciation: [\u02c8p\u00e6r\u02d1nu]; German: Pernau) is the fourth largest city in Estonia. Located in southwestern Estonia on the coast of P\u00e4rnu Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Riga in the Baltic Sea. It is a popular summer holiday resort with many hotels, restaurants, and large beaches. The P\u00e4rnu River flows through the city and drains into the Gulf of Riga. The city was served by P\u00e4rnu Airport.", "Q142999": "Eusebius of Caesarea (; Greek: \u0395\u1f50\u03c3\u03ad\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, Eus\u00e9bios t\u00e9s Kaisare\u00edas; AD 260/265 \u2013 339/340), also known as Eusebius Pamphili (from the Greek: \u0395\u1f50\u03c3\u03ad\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bc\u03d5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5), was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist. He became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima about 314 AD. Together with Pamphilus, he was a scholar of the Biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians of his time. He wrote Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel, and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the Biblical text. As \"Father of Church History\" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on the first Christian Emperor, Constantine the Great, who ruled between 306 and 337 AD.\n\nAlthough Eusebius' works are regarded as giving insight into the history of the early church, he was not without prejudice, especially in regard to the Jews, for while \"Eusebius indeed blames the Jews for the crucifixion of Jesus, but he nevertheless also states that forgiveness can be granted even for this sin and that the Jews can receive salvation.\" Nor can his works be trusted to be from subjectivism, for some scholars believe that \"Eusebius is a notoriously unreliable historian, and so anything he reports should be critically scrutinized.\" This is especially true of his 'Life of Constantine', which he wrote as an eulogy shortly after the emperor's death in 337 A.D, and which is \"Often maligned for perceived factual errors, deemed by some so hopelessly flawed that it cannot be the work of Eusebius at all.\" Yet others see him as a \"Constantinian flunky,\" for as a trusted adviser to Constantine, it was politically expedient for him to present Constantine in the best light as possible. He was never recognized as a saint except in the Egyptian and Ethiopian Coptic Churches.\n\n", "Q92798": "David Edward Goldberg (born September 26, 1953) is an American computer scientist, civil engineer, and former professor. Until 2010, he was a professor in the department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering (IESE) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and was noted for his work in the field of genetic algorithms. He was the director of the Illinois Genetic Algorithms Laboratory (IlliGAL) and the co-founder & chief scientist of Nextumi, which later changed its name to ShareThis. He is the author of Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning, one of the most cited books in computer science.\n\n", "Q170095": "Robert Desnos (French: [d\u025bsno:s]; 4 July 1900 \u2013 8 June 1945) was a French surrealist poet who played a key role in the Surrealist movement of his day.", "Q2422271": "Instituto Nacional General Jos\u00e9 Miguel Carrera, often shortened to Instituto Nacional (National Institute), is an all-male public school in downtown Santiago, Chile which teaches students between 7th and 12th grade.\nThe school was founded on August 10, 1813 by Jos\u00e9 Miguel Carrera. Its official name is Liceo Ex A-0 - Instituto Nacional General Jos\u00e9 Miguel Carrera.", "Q441915": "Diane Fleri (born 13 July 1983), is a French-born Italian actress.\n\n", "Q88918": "Raoul Heinrich Franc\u00e9 (born May 20, 1874 in Vienna, Austria; died October 3, 1943 in Budapest, Hungary) was an Austro-Hungarian botanist, microbiologist, natural and cultural philosopher. His botanical author abbreviation is \"Franc\u00e9\".", "Q301818": "Aaron Charles Carter (born December 7, 1987) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, actor, dancer and record producer. He first came to fame as a pop and hip hop singer in the late 1990s, establishing himself as a star among pre-teen and teenage audiences during the first years of the 21st century with his four studio albums.\nBorn in Tampa, Florida, Carter began performing at age seven and released his self-titled debut album in 1997 at age 9, selling a million copies worldwide. His second album Aaron's Party (Come Get It) (2000) sold three million copies in the United States, and Carter began making guest appearances on Nickelodeon and touring with the Backstreet Boys shortly after the record's release. Carter's next album, Oh Aaron, also went platinum, and the musician released what would be his last studio album for 16 years, Another Earthquake!, in 2002, followed by his 2003 Most Requested Hits collection.\nHe has since appeared on Dancing with the Stars, the Broadway musical Seussical, the off-Broadway musical The Fantasticks, and made several one-off performances. In 2014, he announced that he would begin releasing new music and began by releasing a single featuring rapper Pat SoLo, \"Ooh Wee\", which first became available as a free download with purchase on his web store. Carter released the single, \"Fool's Gold\", on April 1, 2016, and an EP titled L\u00f8V\u00eb in February 2017. His fifth studio album of the same name was released on February 16, 2018.", "Q81082": "Jules Henri Poincar\u00e9 (UK: , US: ; French: [\u0251\u0303\u0281i pw\u025b\u0303ka\u0281e] (listen); 29 April 1854 \u2013 17 July 1912) was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science. He is often described as a polymath, and in mathematics as \"The Last Universalist,\" since he excelled in all fields of the discipline as it existed during his lifetime.\nAs a mathematician and physicist, he made many original fundamental contributions to pure and applied mathematics, mathematical physics, and celestial mechanics. In his research on the three-body problem, Poincar\u00e9 became the first person to discover a chaotic deterministic system which laid the foundations of modern chaos theory. He is also considered to be one of the founders of the field of topology.\nPoincar\u00e9 made clear the importance of paying attention to the invariance of laws of physics under different transformations, and was the first to present the Lorentz transformations in their modern symmetrical form. Poincar\u00e9 discovered the remaining relativistic velocity transformations and recorded them in a letter to Hendrik Lorentz in 1905. Thus he obtained perfect invariance of all of Maxwell's equations, an important step in the formulation of the theory of special relativity. In 1905, Poincar\u00e9 first proposed gravitational waves (ondes gravifiques) emanating from a body and propagating at the speed of light as being required by the Lorentz transformations.\nThe Poincar\u00e9 group used in physics and mathematics was named after him.\nEarly in the 20th century he formulated the Poincar\u00e9 conjecture that became over time one of the famous unsolved problems in mathematics until it was solved in 2002\u20132003 by Grigori Perelman.\n\n", "Q109230": "Luise K\u00e4hler (1869 \u2013 September 1955) was a German socialist, trade union leader and politician. She was one of a small number of women union officials that held a prominent position within Germany's Trade Unions in the first half of the Twentieth Century. She was a member of the Prussian Landtag from 1923 to 1933. She opposed National Socialism and was largely inactive after Hitler came to power in 1933. After the War she became a founding member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the ruling party in the German Democratic Republic.", "Q347695": "Peter Mikael Englund (born 4 April 1957) is a Swedish author and historian. Englund writes non-fiction books and essays, mainly about history, and especially about the Swedish Empire, but also about other historical events. He writes in a very accessible style, providing narrative details usually omitted in typical books about history. His books have gained popularity and are translated into several languages, such as German and Czech. He was the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy from 1 June 2009 to 31 May 2015, when he was succeeded by Sara Danius. In January 2019 Englund announced that he, and fellow academy member Espmark, would return as active members of the Swedish academy, where they had been inactive since April 2018.", "Q4127502": "The All-Russian Institute Of Aviation Materials (VIAM) (Russian: \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432) is a state research centre of the Russian Federation based in Moscow, Russia, established in 1932.\nVIAM has broad responsibility for research, development, testing, and certification of all metallic and nonmetallic materials used in the Russian aerospace industry. Over 90 percent of the materials used in Soviet aircraft and space vehicles were developed at VIAM.", "Q177922": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1962 American drama film directed by Robert Mulligan. The screenplay by Horton Foote is based on Harper Lee's 1960 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name. It stars Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch and Mary Badham as Scout. To Kill a Mockingbird marked the film debuts of Robert Duvall, William Windom, and Alice Ghostley.\nThe film received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics and was a box-office success, earning more than six times its budget. The film won three Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Peck, and was nominated for eight, including Best Picture.\nIn 1995, the film was listed in the National Film Registry. In 2003, the American Film Institute named Atticus Finch the greatest movie hero of the 20th century. In 2007, the film ranked twenty-fifth on the AFI's 10th anniversary list of the greatest American movies of all time. In 2005, the British Film Institute included it in their list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14.\nThe film was restored and released on Blu-ray and DVD in 2012, as part of the 100th anniversary of Universal Pictures.", "Q64768": "B\u00fcttikon is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q263737": "Allison Scagliotti () is an American actress, musician and director, best known for her roles in Drake & Josh, Warehouse 13, and Stitchers.", "Q87395": "Tobias Schenke (27 March 1981) is a German actor most famous for playing the character of Florian Thomas in Ants in the Pants and More Ants in the Pants and the older J\u00fcrgen Bartsch in The Child I Never Was.\nIn 2002, he was a lead actor in Alexander Pfeuffer's short film Breakfast?.In 2003, he produced together with the singer Adel El Tavil (or Kane), the song Niemand hat gesagt. The single even reached the German Charts.\nHe was born in R\u00fcdersdorf, Germany.", "Q743162": "Tucker Swanson McNear Carlson (born May 16, 1969) is an American conservative journalist, author, and political commentator who has hosted the nightly political talk show Tucker Carlson Tonight on Fox News since 2016.\nCarlson became a print journalist in the 1990s, writing for the magazine The Weekly Standard. He was a commentator on CNN from 2000 to 2005 and co-hosted the primetime news debate program Crossfire. Carlson then hosted the nightly program Tucker on MSNBC from 2005 to 2008. He has been a political analyst for Fox News since 2009, appearing as guest or guest host on various programs before the launch of his current show. In 2010, Carlson co-founded and served as the initial editor-in-chief of the conservative news and opinion website The Daily Caller.\nCarlson has written two books, the memoir Politicians, Partisans and Parasites: My Adventures in Cable News (2003) and Ship of Fools: How a Selfish Ruling Class is Bringing America to the Brink of Revolution (2018).\n\n", "Q1046722": "The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), members of which are commonly termed \"Wobblies\", is an international labor union that was founded in 1905 in Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. The union combines general unionism with industrial unionism, as it is a general union, subdivided between the various industries which employ its members. The philosophy and tactics of the IWW are described as \"revolutionary industrial unionism\", with ties to both socialist and anarchist labor movements.\nIn the 1910s and early 1920s, the IWW achieved many of their short-term goals, particularly in the American West, and cut across traditional guild and union lines to organize workers in a variety of trades and industries. At their peak in August 1917, IWW membership was more than 150,000, with active wings in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The extremely high rate of IWW membership turnover during this era (estimated at 133% per decade) makes it difficult for historians to state membership totals with any certainty, as workers tended to join the IWW in large numbers for relatively short periods (e.g., during labor strikes and periods of generalized economic distress).Due to several factors, membership declined dramatically in the late 1910s and 1920s. There were conflicts with other labor groups, particularly the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which regarded the IWW as too radical, while the IWW regarded the AFL as too conservative and dividing workers by craft. Membership also declined due to government crackdowns on radical, anarchist and socialist groups during the First Red Scare after World War I. In Canada the IWW was outlawed by the federal government.\nProbably the most decisive factor in the decline in IWW membership and influence, however, was a 1924 schism in the organization, from which the IWW never fully recovered.The IWW promotes the concept of \"One Big Union\", and contends that all workers should be united as a social class to supplant capitalism and wage labor with industrial democracy. They are known for the Wobbly Shop model of workplace democracy, in which workers elect their managers and other forms of grassroots democracy (self-management) are implemented. IWW membership does not require that one work in a represented workplace, nor does it exclude membership in another labor union.In 2012, the IWW moved its General Headquarters offices to 2036 West Montrose in Chicago. The origin of the nickname \"Wobblies\" is uncertain.", "Q13286": "Lower Sorbian (dolnoserb\u0161\u0107ina) is a West Slavic minority language spoken in eastern Germany in the historical province of Lower Lusatia, today part of Brandenburg.\nStandard Lower Sorbian is one of the two literary Sorbian languages, the other being the more lively standard Upper Sorbian. The Lower Sorbian literary standard was developed in the 18th century, based on a southern form of the Cottbus dialect. The standardized dialect has been influenced structurally by Upper Sorbian.Lower Sorbian is spoken in and around the city of Cottbus in Brandenburg. Signs in this region are typically bilingual, and Cottbus has a Gymnasium where one language of instruction is Lower Sorbian. It is a heavily endangered language. Most native speakers today belong to the older generations.", "Q90831": "Anton Storch (1 April 1892 \u2013 26 November 1975) was a German politician, a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the minister of labor from 1949 to 1957.", "Q18924398": "The Flame of Love is a 1930 British drama film, that is a love story between Russian military officer and a Chinese actress. Directed by Richard Eichberg and Walter Summers it stars Anna May Wong and John Longden and has a running time of 74 minutes. This film has also been released under the title Road to Dishonour.\nIt was made at Elstree Studios by British International Pictures. Separate French (Hai-Tang) and German-language versions (The Road to Dishonour) of the film were also made and released. The film's sets were designed by Clarence Elder, Willi Herrmann and Werner Schlichting.", "Q109556": "Inge Landgut (23 November 1922 \u2013 29 May 1986) was a German actress. She is probably best-remembered for playing Pony H\u00fctchen in Emil and the Detectives and as the child murder victim Elsie Beckmann in Fritz Lang's classic M, both films were released in 1931. Landgut continued her acting career into adulthood, making both film and television appearances.\nDuring her later years, Inge Landgut also worked frequently in the German voice-dubbing business. She provided the German voice for actresses like Lois Maxwell as Miss Moneypenny in the James Bond films and Barbara Bel Geddes as Miss Ellie Ewing from Dallas. She was also the German voice of Wilma in The Flintstones and voiced figures in Disney classics like Dumbo, Lady and the Tramp and One Hundred and One Dalmatians.\nInge Landgut was married to director and actor Werner Oehlschl\u00e4ger (1904\u20131980) from 1952 until his death.", "Q96298": "Hans Behrendt (28 September 1889 \u2013 1942) was a German-Jewish actor, screenwriter and film director.\n\n", "Q255285": "For other universities with similar names, see P\u00e1zm\u00e1neum (disambiguation)P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny P\u00e9ter Catholic University is a private university of the Catholic Church in Hungary, recognized by the state. Founded in 1635, the PPCU is one of Hungary's oldest and most prestigious institutions of higher education.\nThe Faculty of Theology was established by archbishop P\u00e9ter P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny in Nagyszombat, the Kingdom of Hungary (today Trnava, Slovakia) in 1635. The university is located in three cities: the Rectors' Office, the Faculty of Theology, the Faculty of Law, the Faculty of Information Technology, and the Postgraduate Institute of Canon-Law are located in Budapest. The campus of the Vit\u00e9z J\u00e1nos Faculty of Teaching is in Esztergom, around the Esztergom Basilica. The campus of the Faculty of Humanities is in Piliscsaba, in the vicinity of Budapest.\nThe university has several research groups and institutes. One of the most important international research programmes of the university is the Syro-Hungarian Archeological Mission, which does the restoration of Margat's crusader fortress.\nNearly 8.000 students attend the university, enrolled in several Bachelor, Master, and PhD programmes.\nInternational cooperations include the Erasmus programme and bilateral agreements. It was named in 2009 as one of the most active members of the Erasmus programme. It is a co-establisher of the International Research Universities Network and has strong connections with Radboud University Nijmegen, Catholic University of Leuven, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogota, Saint Louis University and University of Notre Dame.", "Q66619": "Andreas von B\u00fclow (born July 17, 1937 in Dresden) is a German SPD politician and writer. A former government minister, he has authored books about intelligence agencies, including In the Name of the State. CIA, BND and the criminal machinations of secret services. (German: Im Namen des Staates. CIA, BND und die kriminellen Machenschaften der Geheimdienste.) and The CIA and September 11 (Die CIA und der 11. September). He holds a doctorate degree in Jurisprudence.", "Q102403": "Heiner Koch (born 13 June 1954) is a German prelate of the Catholic Church. He has been the Archbishop of Berlin since September 2015. He was an auxiliary bishop in Cologne from 2006 to 2013 and Bishop of Dresden-Meissen from 2013 to 2015.", "Q71365": "Fritz Erler (14 July 1913 \u2013 22 February 1967) was a German politician representing the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). From 1953 to 1957, he was Deputy Chairman of the Defense Committee of the Bundestag, the West German parliament. In this role, Erler played an important role in drafting the legislation that ensured democratic control of the Bundeswehr, West Germany's new armed forces.Erler became a member of the Socialist Worker Youth in 1928, and in 1931 he joined the SPD. Erler served as a municipal official until the Nazis arrested him in 1938, and imprisoned him on treason charges. After the end of the Second World War, Erler became involved in politics on the state level before being elected to the Bundstag at 1949, when he was 36 years old. Erler thereafter became an expert on defense policy within the SPD. He was deputy chair of the defense committee in the Bundstag from 1953 to 1957.Erler was elected, without opposition, as one of two deputy chairman of the SPD in 1964 at the special party congress in Bad Godesberg. At the same Congress, Herbert Wehner was elected deputy chairman, and Willy Brandt was elected party chairman. Erler served as deputy chairman until his death.Erler died at his home in Pforzheim in southern Germany on 22 February 1967, at age 53.", "Q558288": "Francis Al\u00ffs (born 1959, Antwerp) is a Belgian-born, Mexico-based artist. His work emerges in the interdisciplinary space of art, architecture, and social practice. After leaving behind his formal training as an architect and relocating to Mexico City, he has created a diverse body of artwork and performance art that explores urbanity, spatial justice, and land-based poetics. Employing a broad range of media from painting to performance, his works examine the tension between politics and poetics, individual action and impotence. Al\u00ffs commonly enacts paseos\u2014walks that resist the subjection of common space. Alys reconfigures time to the speed of a stroll, making reference to the figure of the fl\u00e2neur, originating from the work of Charles Baudelaire and developed by Walter Benjamin. Cyclical repetition and return also inform the character of Al\u00ffs\u2019 movements and mythology\u2014Al\u00ffs contrasts geological and technological time through land-based and social practice that examine individual memory and collective mythology. Al\u00ffs frequently engages rumor as a central theme in his practice, disseminating ephemeral, practice-based works through word-of-mouth and storytelling.\n\n", "Q785051": "Naughty by Nature is an American hip hop trio from East Orange, New Jersey consisting of Treach (Anthony Criss, born December 2, 1970), Vin Rock (Vincent Brown, born September 17, 1970), and DJ Kay Gee (born Keir Lamont Gist, September 15, 1969).", "Q112610": "Erich Kern, (born Erich Knud Kernmayr on 27 February 1906 in Graz \u2013 died 13 September 1991 in Kammer am Attersee) was an Austrian journalist. He became a writer of revisionist books that sought to glorify the activities of the German soldiers during the Second World War.", "Q2948421": "Robert Henry Thurston (October 25, 1839 \u2013 October 25, 1903) was an American engineer, and the first Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology.\nHe was Assistant Professor at the US Naval Academy in Annapolis and a published specialist on iron and steel as well as steam engines, when he was invited in 1871 by Stevens' president Henry Morton to head mechanical engineering at Stevens. The same year Thurston was appointed the first professor of mechanical engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology.", "Q258979": "Jane Eyre is a 2011 romantic drama film directed by Cary Fukunaga and starring Mia Wasikowska and Michael Fassbender. The screenplay is written by Moira Buffini based on Charlotte Bront\u00eb's 1847 novel of the same name, a classic of the Gothic, bildungsroman, and romance genres. The film was released on 11 March 2011 in the United States and 9 September in Great Britain and Ireland. The film's costume design, led by Michael O'Connor, was nominated for an Academy Award.", "Q20894": "Robert Albert Charles Esnault-Pelterie (November 8, 1881 \u2013 December 6, 1957) was a French aircraft designer and spaceflight theorist. He is referred to as being one of the founders of modern rocketry and astronautics, along with the Russian Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the German Hermann Oberth, and the American Robert H. Goddard.", "Q31741": "Michael Barrett Watson (born April 23, 1974) is an American actor, known for his roles of Matthew \"Matt\" Camden on 7th Heaven, Brian Davis in What About Brian, Todd Deepler in Samantha Who? and Lachlan Murdoch in The Loudest Voice.", "Q325010": "Yang Sze (simplified Chinese: \u6768\u65af; traditional Chinese: \u694a\u65af; pinyin: Y\u00e1ng S\u012b; Jyutping: Yeung4 Si1; born 3 July 1946), better known as Bolo Yeung (Pronounced \"Yeeng\"), is a Chinese former competitive bodybuilder, martial artist and a martial arts film actor. Primarily cast as the villain in the movies in which he stars, he is best known for his performances as Bolo in Enter the Dragon (starring Bruce Lee), as Chong Li in Bloodsport (starring Jean-Claude Van Damme), Chang Lee in Bloodfight (starring Yasuaki Kurata and Simon Yam) and for his numerous appearances and long career in Hong Kong's martial arts films.", "Q95949": "Brunolf Baade (15 March 1904 \u2013 5 November 1969) was a German aeronautical engineer. He led the team that developed the Baade 152.", "Q443864": "Jodi Mary Albert (born 22 July 1983) is an English actress and singer, best known for playing Debbie Dean in the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks, and as a member of short-lived British girl group Girl Thing and Irish girl group Wonderland. In December 2013, it was announced that Girl Thing would be reuniting for the second series of The Big Reunion.", "Q231717": "Emily Mallory Procter (born October 8, 1968) is an American actress. She played Ainsley Hayes in the NBC political drama The West Wing (2000\u20132002; 2006) and Det. Calleigh Duquesne in the CBS police procedural drama CSI: Miami (2002\u20132012). In 2013, she did two episodes as FBI Special Agent in Charge Amanda Callaway in the fourth season of the USA Network crime drama White Collar.", "Q152234": "Edema, also known as fluid retention or swelling, is the buildup of fluid in the body's tissue. Most commonly, the legs or arms are affected. Symptoms may include skin which feels tight, the area may feel heavy, and affected joints may be hard to move. Other symptoms depend on the underlying cause.Causes may include venous insufficiency, heart failure, kidney problems, low protein levels, liver problems, deep vein thrombosis, infections, angioedema, certain medications, and lymphedema. It may also occur due to prolonged sitting or standing and during menstruation or pregnancy. The condition is more concerning if it starts suddenly, or pain or shortness of breath is present.Treatment depends on the underlying cause. If the underlying mechanism involves sodium retention, decreased salt intake and a diuretic may be used. Elevating the legs and support stockings may be useful for edema of the legs. Older people are more commonly affected. The word is from the Greek \u03bf\u1f34\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 o\u00edd\u0113ma meaning \"swelling\".", "Q312870": "Jerome John \"Jerry\" Garcia (August 1, 1942 \u2013 August 9, 1995) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist, best known for his work as the lead guitarist and as a vocalist with the band the Grateful Dead, which came to prominence during the counterculture of the 1960s. Although he disavowed the role, Garcia was viewed by many as the leader or \"spokesman\" of the group.As one of its founders, Garcia performed with the Grateful Dead for their entire 30-year career (1965\u20131995). Garcia also founded and participated in a variety of side projects, including the Saunders\u2013Garcia Band (with longtime friend Merl Saunders), the Jerry Garcia Band, Old & In the Way, the Garcia/Grisman acoustic duo, Legion of Mary, and the New Riders of the Purple Sage (which Garcia co-founded with John Dawson and David Nelson). He also released several solo albums, and contributed to a number of albums by other artists over the years as a session musician. He was well known for his distinctive guitar playing, and was ranked 13th in Rolling Stone's \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" cover story in 2003. In the 2015 version of the list he was ranked at #46.Garcia was also renowned for his musical and technical ability, particularly his ability to play a variety of instruments, and his ability to sustain long improvisations with the Grateful Dead. Garcia believed that improvisation took stress away from his playing and allowed him to make spur of the moment decisions that he would not have made intentionally. In an interview with Rolling Stone, Garcia noted that \"my own preferences are for improvisation, for making it up as I go along. The idea of picking, of eliminating possibilities by deciding, that's difficult for me\".Later in life, Garcia struggled with diabetes, and in 1986 went into a diabetic coma that nearly cost him his life. Although his overall health improved somewhat after that, he continued to struggle with obesity, smoking, and longstanding heroin and cocaine addictions. He was staying in a California drug rehabilitation facility when he died of a heart attack on August 9, 1995 at the age of 53.", "Q1035900": "Caren Miosga (born April 11, 1969 in Peine) is a German journalist and television presenter.", "Q71371": "Henning Voscherau (13 August 1941 \u2013 24 August 2016) was a German politician who was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. He was the First Mayor of his home city of Hamburg from 1988 to 1997, serving as President of the Bundesrat from 1990 to 1991.", "Q271327": "Janet Blair (born Martha Janet Lafferty; April 23, 1921 \u2013 February 19, 2007) was a big-band singer who became a popular American film and television actress.", "Q84850": "Franz L\u00f6schnak (born March 4, 1940 in Vienna) is an Austrian jurist and politician for the SP\u00d6. From 1987 to 1989 he was Secretary of Health in the federal government and from 1989 to 1995 he was head of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (Austria).", "Q218391": "Banning is a 1967 American Technicolor drama film directed by Ron Winston and starring Robert Wagner, Jill St. John, Gene Hackman, Guy Stockwell and James Farentino.", "Q507940": "Vladimir Cosma (born 13 April 1940) is a Romanian-born French composer, conductor and violinist.\nHe was born into a family of musicians. His father, Teodor Cosma, was a pianist and conductor, his mother a writer-composer, his uncle, Edgar Cosma, composer and conductor, and one of his grandmothers, pianist, a student of the renowned Ferruccio Busoni.\n\n", "Q105378": "Henry the Lion (German: Heinrich der L\u00f6we; 1129/1131 \u2013 6 August 1195) was a member of the Welf dynasty and Duke of Saxony, as Henry III, from 1142, and Duke of Bavaria, as Henry XII, from 1156, the duchies of which he held until 1180.\nHe was one of the most powerful German princes of his time, until the rival Hohenstaufen dynasty succeeded in isolating him and eventually deprived him of his duchies of Bavaria and Saxony during the reign of his cousin Frederick I Barbarossa and of Frederick's son and successor Henry VI.\nAt the height of his reign, Henry ruled over a vast territory stretching from the coast of the North and Baltic Seas to the Alps, and from Westphalia to Pomerania. Henry achieved this great power in part by his political and military acumen and in part through the legacies of his four grandparents.", "Q4568948": "Odd Georg Sag\u00f8r (born 2 July 1918 in Meldal, died 24 June 1993) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.\nHe was Minister of Consumer Affairs and Administration from 1973 to 1976, during the second cabinet Bratteli.\nOn the local level he was a member of Trondheim city council from 1945 to 1970, serving as deputy mayor from 1959 to 1963 and mayor from 1963 to 1970. \nOutside politics he spent most of his career (1936\u20131970) in Norges Brannkasse. From 1976 to 1986 he was chief administrative officer (r\u00e5dmann) in Trondheim. He was a member of the board of Arbeideravisa from 1946 to 1959, and of the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities from 1972 to 1976.", "Q11485": "Jean-Claude Killy (born 30 August 1943) is a former French World Cup alpine ski racer. Born in Saint-Cloud, Hauts-de-Seine, he dominated the sport in the late 1960s. He was a triple Olympic champion, winning the three alpine events at the 1968 Winter Olympics, becoming the most successful athlete there. He also won the first two World Cup titles, in 1967 and 1968.\n\n", "Q325004": "Alexander Nikolayevich Afanasyev (Afanasief, Afanasiev or Afanas'ev, Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432) (23 July [O.S. 11 July] 1826 \u2014 5 October [O.S. 23 September] 1871) was a Russian Slavist and ethnographer who published nearly 600 Russian fairy and folk tales, one of the largest collections of folklore in the world. The first edition of his collection was published in eight volumes from 1855 to 1867, earning him the reputation as being the Russian counterpart to the Brothers Grimm.", "Q67513": "Ottenbach is a municipality in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q257486": "Waterloo Bridge is a 1931 American pre-Code drama film directed by James Whale and starring Mae Clarke, Kent Douglass, Doris Lloyd, and Bette Davis. The screenplay by Benn Levy and Tom Reed is based on the 1930 Waterloo Bridge by Robert E. Sherwood.\nThe film was remade in 1940 as Waterloo Bridge and as Gaby in 1956. Both remakes were made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, which bought the 1931 version from Universal. Today, the rights to all three films are held by Warner Bros. and their subsidiary Turner Entertainment.", "Q711156": "Giulio Cabianca (19 February 1923 \u2013 15 June 1961) was a Formula One driver from Italy.\nCabianca was born in Verona, northern Italy. He participated in 4 World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 18 May 1958. He scored a total of 3 championship points. He also participated in one non-Championship Formula One race. He also won the Dolomites Gold Cup Race in 1955.\n\nCabianca's death resulted from a bizarre incident at the Modena Autodrome test track in Italy. The Modena Autodrome was situated near Via Emilia, which crosses the city of Modena. Cabianca was testing a Cooper-Ferrari F1 car, owned by Scuderia Castellotti, when he suffered a suspected stuck throttle. Unable to stop, his Cooper went off track, struck a spectator and then went through the gate of the Autodrome which was open because of men at work near the track. The car crossed the Via Emilia and crashed against the wall of a workshop. Crossing the road, Cabianca's Cooper struck a bicycle, a motorcycle, and a small mini-van (not a taxi as often reported) and three parked cars. The driver of the mini-van (also called \"giardinetta\" following a famous van of Fiat) and the motorcycle driver were killed at the scene. The biker was crushed and killed instantly by a heavy block of iron carried on the mini-van. Cabianca was conscious, but died a few hours later at the hospital. The spectator hit just after the car left the track suffered severe leg injuries, but survived.", "Q1713550": "David \"Junior\" Kimbrough (July 28, 1930 \u2013 January 17, 1998) was an American blues musician. His best-known works are \"Keep Your Hands off Her\" and \"All Night Long\".", "Q504291": "Alberto Ponce (born Alberto Gonz\u00e1lez Mu\u00f1oz) ( 13 March 1935-26 July 2019) was a Spanish classical guitarist and teacher who from 1962 lived and taught in France.", "Q151729": "Sami S\u00fcleyman G\u00fcndo\u011fdu Demirel (Turkish pronunciation: [sylej\u02c8man demi\u02c8\u027eel]; 1 November 1924 \u2013 17 June 2015) was a Turkish statesman and political leader who served as the 9th President of Turkey from 1993 to 2000. He previously served as the Prime Minister of Turkey seven times between the years 1965 and 1993. He was the leader of the Justice Party (AP) from 1964 to 1980 and the leader of the True Path Party (DYP) from 1987 to 1993.\nHaving been identified as a potential future Prime Minister by Adnan Menderes, Demirel was elected leader of the Justice Party in 1964 and managed to bring down the government of \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc in 1965 despite not being a Member of Parliament. He supported the government of Suat Hayri \u00dcrg\u00fcpl\u00fc until his party won a parliamentary majority in the 1965 general election. Claiming that his grouping was the successor of the banned Democrat Party, he was re-elected as Prime Minister in 1969 by winning a parliamentary majority for a second time. Despite his economic reforms which stabilised inflation, he resigned as Prime Minister after his budget was blocked by parliament, but formed his third government shortly after. His premiership came to an end following the 1971 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat.\nDemirel was the leader of the opposition from 1971 to 1975 before forming a four-party government known as the First Nationalist Front, which collapsed in 1977. With two other parties, he formed the Second Nationalist Front cabinet in 1977, which collapsed in 1978. Demirel's minority government in 1979 was unable to elect a president in 1980, leading to the 1980 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat which banned Demirel from politics. In the 1987 constitutional referendum, Demirel regained the right to actively participate in politics and assumed the leadership of the True Path Party. He won the 1991 general election and formed a coalition with the Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP), assuming his fifth and final term as Prime Minister. Following the sudden death of serving President Turgut \u00d6zal, Demirel contested the 1993 presidential election and subsequently became the ninth President of Turkey until 2000. With 10 years and 5 months, Demirel's tenure in the prime ministership is the third longest in Turkish history, after \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc and Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan.", "Q437129": "Ellen Lucille \"Evelyn\" Thomas (born 22 August 1953) is an American singer from Chicago, Illinois, best known for the Hi-NRG dance hits \"High Energy\", \"Masquerade\", \"Standing at the Crossroads\", \"Reflections\", and \"Weak Spot\".\nThomas has an entertainment incorporated company, called Eljopan Entertainment Incorporated.", "Q87381": "Wilhelm Eduard Schmid (April 12, 1893 \u2013 June 30, 1934), better known as Willi Schmid, was a German music critic, and an accidental victim of the Night of the Long Knives in a case of mistaken identity.", "Q192762": "Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969) is an American filmmaker and screenwriter. His films are noted for their surreal, melodramatic, and often disturbing elements, usually based in psychological horror and drama.\nAronofsky attended Harvard University, where he studied film and social anthropology, and the American Film Institute where he studied directing. He won several film awards after completing his senior thesis film, Supermarket Sweep, which went on to become a National Student Academy Award finalist. Aronofsky's feature debut, the surrealist psychological thriller Pi, was shot in November 1997. The low-budget, $60,000 production, starring Sean Gullette, was sold to Artisan Entertainment for $1 million, and grossed over $3 million; Aronofsky won the Directing Award at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival and an Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay.\nAronofsky's followup, the psychological drama Requiem for a Dream, was based on the novel of the same name by Hubert Selby, Jr. The film garnered strong reviews and received an Academy Award nomination for Ellen Burstyn's performance. The film also generated considerable controversy due to the graphic nature of several scenes, and was eventually released unrated. After writing the World War II horror film Below, Aronofsky began production on his third film, the romantic fantasy sci-fi drama The Fountain. The film received mixed reviews and performed poorly at the box-office, but has since garnered a cult following.His fourth film, the sports drama The Wrestler, was released to critical acclaim and both of the film's stars, Mickey Rourke and Marisa Tomei, received Academy Award nominations. In 2010, Aronofsky was an executive producer on The Fighter and his fifth feature film, the psychological horror film Black Swan, received further critical acclaim and many accolades, being nominated for five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director; Natalie Portman won Best Actress for her performance in the film. Aronofsky also received nominations for Best Director at the Golden Globes, and a Directors Guild of America Award nomination for his work on Black Swan. Aronofsky's sixth film, the biblically inspired epic Noah, was released in 2014 becoming Aronofsky's first film to open at No.1 at box office. His seventh film, the psychological horror mother! (2017), sparked controversy upon release due to its biblical allegories and depiction of violence, and polarized audiences.", "Q8781": "Henrique Capriles Radonski (Spanish pronunciation: [en\u02c8rike ka\u02c8p\u027eiles ra\u02c8\u00f0onski]; born 11 July 1972) is a Venezuelan politician and lawyer, serving as 36th Governor of Miranda from 2008\u20132017.\nBorn in Caracas on 11 July 1972, he received a degree in law from the Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Andr\u00e9s Bello, and later in tax law from the Central University of Venezuela. He first ventured into politics at age 26, when he became the youngest member ever elected to the Venezuelan parliament. He secured a seat in the Chamber of Deputies in the 1998 parliamentary elections, under the Christian Democratic Party (Copei). He served as vice president of the Congress and president of the Chamber of Deputies until their dissolution by the Constituent Assembly in August 1999.\nIn 2000, he co-founded the political party Primero Justicia, alongside politicians Julio Borges and Leopoldo Lopez, and ran successfully for the mayorship of the Baruta municipality in the regional elections held in July 2000, and later for the governorship of the Miranda state in 2008. Capriles became the opposition candidate at the 2012 and 2013 presidential elections, and faced then-President Hugo Ch\u00e1vez and Vice President Nicol\u00e1s Maduro respectively.\nHis defeat in 2012 marked the first loss of his political career. Maduro narrowly defeated Capriles in the 2013 elections, a result that sparked controversy and debate amid the opposition's claims of electoral fraud. Between both presidential campaigns, Capriles successfully secured his re-election as Governor of Miranda during the 2012 regional elections. He has repeatedly been the target of smear campaigns by political opponents who seek to capitalize on homophobic and antisemitic currents in Venezuelan society.Capriles Radonski is of Sephardi Jewish and Ashkenazi Jewish descent; his grandparents immigrated from Russia and Poland during World War II. However, he self-describes as Catholic, revealing that his greatest hero in history was Jesus Christ. He dated Venezuelan actress Erika de la Vega between his first and second tenure as Mayor. Prior to his political career, he worked in the public and private sectors at several tax and law firms of Venezuela. Capriles is a member of the International Fiscal Association.\nOn 5 April 2017, Capriles was formally banned for 15 years from political activity accused by the Venezuelan government of alleged \"administrative irregularities\" which had occurred under his governorship. He ceased to be the Governor of Miranda in October after the 2017 regional elections, and subsequently declared his intent to leave the Democratic Unity Roundtable in protest against what he considered its legitimizing the Maduro government.", "Q119989": "Dimitar Peshev (Bulgarian: \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u041f\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0432) (25 June 1894 \u2013 20 February 1973) was the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Bulgaria and Minister of Justice (1935-1936), before World War II. He rebelled against the pro-Nazi cabinet and prevented the deportation of Bulgaria's 48,000 Jews. He was bestowed the title of \"Righteous Among the Nations\".", "Q460071": "Hayk \"Hayko\" Hakobyan (Armenian: \u0540\u0561\u0575\u056f \u0540\u0561\u056f\u0578\u0562\u0575\u0561\u0576) (born 1973) is an Armenian singer who won Armenia's national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 in Helsinki. He represented Armenia in the Eurovision Song Contest in the final with the song \"Anytime You Need\". The song placed eighth place in the contest.", "Q327613": "The Uninvited is a 2009 American psychological horror film directed by the Guard Brothers and starring Emily Browning, Elizabeth Banks, Arielle Kebbel, and David Strathairn. It is a remake of the 2003 South Korean horror film A Tale of Two Sisters, which is in turn one of several film adaptations of the Korean folk tale Janghwa Hongryeon jeon. The film received mixed reviews.\n\n", "Q3746466": "Flavio Cattaneo (born 27 June 1963, in Rho, Italy) is an Italian manager, Executive Deputy Chairman of Italo - NTV (Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori), the first private company of High Speed Trains in Europe.\nHe is married with the Italian actress Sabrina Ferilli.", "Q109542": "Helga Schubert (pseudonym for Helga Helm, born 7 January 1940 in Berlin) is a German psychologist and author.", "Q887277": "J\u00fcri Uluots (13 January 1890 \u2013 9 January 1945) was an Estonian prime minister, journalist, prominent attorney and distinguished Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Tartu.", "Q72678": "Carl Georg Christoph Beseler (2 November 1809 in R\u00f6demis, now part of Husum \u2013 28 August 1888 in Bad Harzburg) was a Prussian jurist and politician.\nBeseler studied law at Kiel and Munich. He was forbidden to teach law in Kiel in 1833 due to his political activity, but he lectured at G\u00f6ttingen, and Heidelberg. In 1835, he became a professor in Basel, 1837 in Rostock, 1842 in Greifswald and 1859 in Berlin. He was rector of the University of Berlin in 1862\u20131863, 1867\u20131868 and 1879\u20131880.A liberal nationalist, Beseler was a member of the Frankfurt Parliament where he participated in writing the failed 1849 German constitution. From 1849 to 1852 and from 1857 to 1887 he was a member of the Prussian House of Lords, 1850 of the Erfurt Union Parliament and 1874 to 1877 of the Reichstag.\nAs a notable \"Germanist\" opponent of the \"Romanists\", led by Friedrich Carl von Savigny, Beseler advocated a \"people's law\" based on Germanic principles as opposed to the Romanists' \"jurists' law\". The notions of cooperative law and social law later enunciated by Otto von Gierke originate with Beseler. He was also involved in liberalising the codes of civil and criminal procedure, and in crafting the 1851 Prussian criminal code.\nBeseler was the father of Hans Hartwig von Beseler and Max von Beseler.", "Q116462": "Helen Gahagan Douglas (November 25, 1900 \u2013 June 28, 1980) was an American actress and politician. Her career included success on Broadway, as a touring opera singer, and the starring role in the 1935 movie She, in which her portrayal of the villain inspired Disney's Evil Queen in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937).\nShe married actor Melvyn Douglas, to whom she remained married for life.\nIn politics, she was the third woman and first Democratic woman elected to Congress from California; her election made California one of the first two states (along with Illinois) to elect female members to the House from both parties. Her defeat as a candidate for the United States Senate in 1950 by Republican Richard Nixon, against whom she campaigned in his later presidential bids, became symbolic of modern political vitriol, with Nixon referring to her as \"pink\" down to her undergarments.", "Q4898798": "Betty Diamond, a physician and researcher, was born in Hartford, CT on 11 May 1948. She is Head of the Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases at Northwell Health's Feinstein Institute for Medical Research in Manhasset, NY.", "Q54867": "Trace Dempsey Cyrus (born Neil Timothy Helson; February 24, 1989) is an American musician. The son of country singer Billy Ray Cyrus and brother of recording artists Miley Cyrus and Noah Cyrus, he was the backing vocalist and guitarist of the band Metro Station, with time out between 2010 and 2014. In 2010, he began providing vocals and guitar in the pop rock band Ashland HIGH. He also owns the clothing company From Backseats to Bedrooms.", "Q23437": "William Hirstein is an American philosopher primarily interested in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, metaphysics, cognitive science, and analytic philosophy. He is a professor of philosophy at Elmhurst College.", "Q81096": "Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who invent, design, analyze, build and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety and cost. The word engineer (Latin ingeniator) is derived from the Latin words ingeniare (\"to create, generate, contrive, devise\") and ingenium (\"cleverness\"). The foundational qualifications of an engineer typically include a four-year bachelor's degree in an engineering discipline, or in some jurisdictions, a master's degree in an engineering discipline plus four to six years of peer-reviewed professional practice (culminating in a project report or thesis) and passage of engineering board examinations. \nThe work of engineers forms the link between scientific discoveries and their subsequent applications to human and business needs and quality of life.", "Q1000005": "Karel Mat\u011bj \u010capek-Chod (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8kar\u025bl \u02c8mac\u025bj \u02c8t\u0283ap\u025bk \u02c8xot]; February 21, 1860 in Doma\u017elice \u2013 November 3, 1927 in Prague) was a Czech naturalistic writer and a journalist.\n\n", "Q328246": "Robert Pete Williams (March 14, 1914 \u2013 December 31, 1980) was an American Louisiana blues musician. His music characteristically employed unconventional structures and guitar tunings, and his songs are often about the time he served in prison. His song \"I've Grown So Ugly\" has been covered by Captain Beefheart, on his album Safe as Milk (1967), and by The Black Keys, on Rubber Factory (2004).", "Q3567362": "Wes Gallagher (died October 11, 1997) was an American journalist for the Associated Press. He worked as a reporter during World War II. He died in Santa Barbara, California.", "Q212864": "20 Years After is a 2008 American post-apocalyptic film directed by Jim Torres and Ron Harris and starring Azura Skye, Joshua Leonard, and Nathan Baesel. Filmed principally in north Alabama and southern Tennessee, the low-budget film was initially released under the title Like Moles, Like Rats, a reference to the Thornton Wilder play The Skin of Our Teeth.", "Q331717": "James Patrick Stuart (born June 16, 1968) is an American actor and voice actor, currently portraying Valentin Cassadine on the daytime soap opera General Hospital.", "Q110775": "Andreas Meyer (6 December 1837 in Hamburg - 17 March 1901 in Bad Wildungen; full name: Franz Ferdinand Carl Andreas Meyer) was a German civil engineer. From 1872 to 1901 he and Carl Johann Christian Zimmermann helped significantly shape the city of Hamburg - Meyer himself is most notable as the creator of the Speicherstadt. He was a cousin to Eduard Meyer and Kuno Meyer.", "Q38072107": "Fiction writing is the composition of non-factual prose texts. Fictional writing often is produced as a story meant to entertain or convey an author's point of view. The result of this may be a short story, novel, novella, screenplay, or drama, which are all types (though not the only types) of fictional writing styles. Different types of authors practice fictional writing, including novelists, playwrights, short story writers, radio dramatists and screenwriters.", "Q6967647": "Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629) (born 8 May 1987) is a member of the Bahraini royal family, commander of Bahrain's Royal Guard president of the Bahrain Olympic Committee and the head of the government\u2019s Supreme Council for Youth and Sports.", "Q67275": "R\u00fcnenberg is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q70709": "Wunibald Kamm (April 26, 1893 \u2013 October 11, 1966) was an automobile designer, engineer, and aerodynamicist. He is best known for his breakthrough in reducing car turbulence at high speeds; the style of car bodywork based on his research has come to be known as a Kammback or a Kamm-tail.", "Q277030": "The Imperial-Royal State Railways (German: k.k. Staatsbahnen, abbr. kkStB, also: k.k. \u00f6sterreichische Staatsbahnen) was the state railway organisation in the Cisleithanian (Austrian) part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.", "Q268110": "Katherine Edwina \"Kay\" Francis (n\u00e9e Gibbs, January 13, 1905 \u2013 August 26, 1968) was an American stage and film actress. After a brief period on Broadway in the late 1920s, she moved to film and achieved her greatest success between 1930 and 1936, when she was the number one female star at the Warner Brothers studio and the highest-paid American film actress.", "Q433429": "Caroline Henderson (born 28 February 1962) is a Danish\u2013Swedish pop and jazz singer. She moved to Copenhagen from Sweden in 1983 and spent her youth singing in various jazz bands. Her breakthrough was in 1989 as part of pop group Ray Dee Ohh. After the group disbanded, Henderson launched a solo career with multi award-winning album Cinemataztic (1995) featuring smash hits \"Kiss Me Kiss Me\" and \"Made in Europe\".\nFollow-up Metamorphing (1998), disco cover album Dolores J - The Butterfly (2000) and the more experimental Naos (2002) didn't have the same commercial impact. A new turn saw Henderson develop into a full-fledged jazz singer on albums Don't Explain (2003), Made in Europe (2004), Love Or Nothin\u2019 (2006) and No. 8 (2008).\nHenderson has also appeared as an actress in plays and films.", "Q58085": "Rados\u0142aw Tomasz \"Radek\" Sikorski ([ra\u02c8d\u0254swaf \u0255i\u02c8k\u0254rsk\u02b2i] (listen); born 23 February 1963) is a Polish politician and journalist who is a Member of European Parliament. He was Marshal of the Sejm from 2014 to 2015 and Minister of Foreign Affairs in Donald Tusk's cabinet between 2007 and 2014. He previously served as Deputy Minister of National Defense (1992) in Jan Olszewski's cabinet, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs (1998\u20132001) in Jerzy Buzek's cabinet and Minister of National Defense (2005\u20132007) in Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz and Jaros\u0142aw Kaczy\u0144ski's cabinets. \nA graduate of Pembroke College, Oxford, between 1986\u20131989 he worked as a journalist for The Observer and The Spectator and in 1986 was a war correspondent in Afghanistan. In 1989, he reported on the conflict in Angola. Between 2003\u20132005 he was a member of the conservative think tank American Enterprise Institute. In 2012, he was included on the list of Top 100 Global Thinkers 2012 published by Foreign Policy magazine. In 2015, he became a Senior Fellow at the Center for European Studies of Harvard University.", "Q78355": "Therese von L\u00fctzow (born 4 July 1804 in Stuttgart; died 16 September 1852 in Tjilatjap, Java) was a German author.", "Q92954": "Dries Buytaert (born 19 November 1978 in Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium) is an open-source software programmer notable as founder and lead developer of the Drupal content management system.", "Q1086512": "Christopher Paul Bailey CBE (born 11 May 1971) is the president, and former chief creative officer of Burberry. In May 2014, he took up the role of chief creative and president, following the departure of former CEO Angela Ahrendts. In February 2018, he was succeeded as chief creative officer by Riccardo Tisci.", "Q61604": "Jens B\u00f6hrnsen (born 12 June 1949) is a German politician of the SPD. From 2005 to 2015, he has served as the President of the Senate and Mayor of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, that is, the head of government of the city-state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen. From 1 November 2009 until 31 October 2010 he was President of the Bundesrat and ex officio deputy to the President of Germany. Because of that he was acting head of state of Germany after the resignation of President Horst K\u00f6hler on 31 May 2010 and before the election of Christian Wulff as K\u00f6hler's successor on 30 June 2010. After voting for the SPD losses of more than five percentage points in the state election on May 10, 2015 B\u00f6hrnsen declared the next day that he would retire as head of government. His successor in the office of the Bremen government was Carsten Sieling, who was officially nominated on 18 May 2015 by the Bremen SPD.\nHe is a lawyer by profession and served as a judge in Bremen from 1978 to 1995, when he became a full-time politician.", "Q206811": "PEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere. The association has autonomous International PEN centers in over 100 countries.\nOther goals included: to emphasise the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture; to fight for freedom of expression; and to act as a powerful voice on behalf of writers harassed, imprisoned and sometimes killed for their views.", "Q737191": "Sebhat-Leab Gebre-Egziabher (Tigrinya: \u1235\u1265\u1210\u1275 \u1208\u12a0\u1265 \u1308\u1265\u1228 \u12a5\u130d\u12da\u12a0\u1265\u1214\u122d; 1936 \u2013 20 February 2012) was an Ethiopian writer from Tigray. He is famous for pioneering the naturalist writing style in Amharic. His writing style was not constrained by the traditional Ethiopian writing style nor orthodox syntax. Despite using simple words and seemingly light prose, Sebhat's concepts are highly sophisticated and philosophical.", "Q173588": "Don Edmunds (September 23, 1930 Santa Ana, California) is a former American racecar driver and car builder.", "Q741007": "Robert George \"Joe\" Meek (5 April 1929 \u2013 3 February 1967) was an English record producer, musician, sound engineer and songwriter who pioneered space age and experimental pop music. He also assisted the development of recording practices like overdubbing, sampling and reverb. Meek is considered one of the most influential sound engineers of all time, being one of the first to develop ideas such as the recording studio as an instrument, and becoming one of the first producers to be recognized for his individual identity as an artist.Meek's charting singles he produced for other artists include \"Johnny Remember Me\" (John Leyton, 1961), \"Just Like Eddie\" (Heinz, 1963), \"Angela Jones\" (Michael Cox, 1963), \"Have I the Right?\" (the Honeycombs, 1964), and \"Tribute to Buddy Holly\" (Mike Berry, 1961). The Tornados' instrumental \"Telstar\" (1962), written and produced by Meek, became the first record by a British rock group to reach number one in the US Hot 100. It also spent five weeks at number one in the UK singles chart, with Meek receiving an Ivor Novello Award for this production as the \"Best-Selling A-Side\" of 1962. He also produced music for films such as Live It Up! (US title Sing and Swing, 1963), a pop music film. Meek's concept album I Hear a New World (1960), which contains innovative use of electronic sounds, was not fully released in his lifetime.\nHis reputation for experiments in recording music was acknowledged by the Music Producers Guild who in 2009 created \"The Joe Meek Award for Innovation in Production\" as a \"homage to [the] remarkable producer's pioneering spirit\". In 2014, Meek was ranked the greatest producer of all time by NME, elaborating: \"Meek was a complete trailblazer, attempting endless new ideas in his search for the perfect sound. ... The legacy of his endless experimentation is writ large over most of your favourite music today.\"At the time of his death, Meek possessed thousands of unreleased recordings later dubbed \"The Tea Chest Tapes\". His commercial success as a producer was short-lived, and he gradually sank into debt and depression. On 3 February 1967, using a shotgun owned by musician Heinz Burt, Meek killed his landlady Violet Shenton and then shot himself.", "Q49188": "Lynn is the 9th largest municipality in Massachusetts and the largest city in Essex County. Situated on the Atlantic Ocean, 3.7 miles (6.0 km) north of the Boston city line at Suffolk Downs, Lynn is part of Greater Boston's urban inner core. Settled by Europeans in 1629, Lynn is the 5th oldest colonial settlement in the Commonwealth. An early industrial center, Lynn was long colloquially referred to as the \"City of Sin\", owing to its historical reputation for crime and vice. Today, however, the city is known for its contemporary public art, international population, historic architecture, downtown cultural district, loft-style apartments, and public parks and open spaces, which include the oceanfront Lynn Shore Reservation; the 2,200-acre, Frederick Law Olmsted-designed Lynn Woods Reservation; and the High Rock Tower Reservation. Lynn also is home to Lynn Heritage State Park, the southernmost portion of the Essex Coastal Scenic Byway, and the seaside, National Register-listed Diamond Historic District.", "Q153658": "Hannah Chaplin (6 August 1865 \u2013 28 August 1928), birth name Hannah Harriet Pedlingham Hill, stage name Lily Harley, was an English actress, singer and dancer who performed in British music halls from the age of 16. Chaplin was the mother of Charlie Chaplin and his two half-brothers, the actor Sydney Chaplin and the film director Wheeler Dryden and grandmother of musician Spencer Dryden. As a result of mental illness, now thought to have been caused by syphilis, she was unable to continue performing from the mid-1890s. In 1921, she was relocated by her son Charlie to California, where she was cared for in a house in the San Fernando Valley until her death in August 1928.", "Q3742166": "Felice Ippolito (16 November 1915 \u2013 24 April 1997) was an Italian geologist, politician and engineer. He was a fiery promoter of the development of nuclear energy in Italy.", "Q981821": "Burn Hugh Winchester Gorman (born 1 September 1974) is an English-American actor and musician. He is known for his roles as Owen Harper in the BBC series Torchwood (2006\u20132008), Karl Tanner in the HBO series Game of Thrones (2013\u20132014), Hermann Gottlieb in Pacific Rim (2013) and its sequel Pacific Rim: Uprising (2018), and Major Edmund Hewlett in the AMC series Turn: Washington's Spies (2014). Gorman portrayed 'The Marshal' in the first season of the Amazon drama The Man in the High Castle.", "Q4517811": "Konstantin Anatolyevich Chuychenko (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0443\u0439\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; born 12 July 1965) is a Russian politician, businessman, and lawyer who served as the Minister of Justice since 21 January 2020. Previously he was Deputy Prime Minister of Russia and Chief of Staff of the Government from 2018 to 2020.", "Q95008": "John Howard Carpenter (born January 16, 1948) is an American filmmaker, screenwriter and composer. Although Carpenter has worked with various movie genres, he is associated most commonly with horror, action, and science fiction films of the 1970s and 1980s.Most films of Carpenter's career were initially commercial and critical failures, with the notable exceptions of Halloween (1978), The Fog (1980), Escape from New York (1981), and Starman (1984). However, many of Carpenter's films from the 1970s and the 1980s have come to be considered as cult classics, and he has been acknowledged as an influential filmmaker. The cult classics that Carpenter has directed include Dark Star (1974), Assault on Precinct 13 (1976), The Thing (1982), Christine (1983), Big Trouble in Little China (1986), Prince of Darkness (1987), They Live (1988), and In the Mouth of Madness (1995). He returned to the Halloween franchise as both composer and executive producer for the horror sequel Halloween (2018).\nCarpenter composed or co-composed most of his films' music. He won a Saturn Award for Best Music for the film Vampires (1998). Carpenter has released three studio albums, titled Lost Themes (2015), Lost Themes II (2016), and Anthology: Movie Themes 1974\u20131998 (2017).", "Q3385157": "Pierre Gattaz (born 11 September 1959 in Boulogne-Billancourt, France) is a French business executive. He serves as the Chairman of Radiall, an electronics manufacturer. In parallel with his activity as a company director, he holds various positions within professional organisations, first of all sectoral and then generalist, including that of President of the Federation of the Electrical, Electronic and Communication Industries (FIEEC) from 2007 to 2013. He was then President of the main French employers' organisation, the Mouvement des Entreprises de France (MEDEF), from 3 July 2013 to 3 July 2018, and then President of the BusinessEurope lobby, a position he still holds.", "Q230390": "Erika Eleniak (born September 29, 1969) is an American actress, Playboy Playmate, and former model best known for her role in Baywatch as Shauni McClain. Her film debut was a small part in E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial (1982). She later starred in the films The Blob, Under Siege, and The Beverly Hillbillies.", "Q92767": "Lotfi Aliasker Zadeh (; Azerbaijani: L\u00fctfi R\u0259him o\u011flu \u018fl\u0259sg\u0259rzad\u0259; Persian: \u0644\u0637\u0641\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0639\u0633\u06af\u0631\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200e; February 4, 1921 \u2013 September 6, 2017) was a mathematician, computer scientist, electrical engineer, artificial intelligence researcher and professor emeritus of computer science at the University of California, Berkeley. \nZadeh was best known for proposing fuzzy mathematics consisting of these fuzzy-related concepts: fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, fuzzy algorithms, fuzzy semantics, fuzzy languages, fuzzy control, fuzzy systems, fuzzy probabilities, fuzzy events, and fuzzy information.Zadeh was a founding member of the Eurasian Academy.", "Q236939": "Christiane Maria Heideh Amanpour ( (listen); Persian: \u0643\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u067e\u0648\u0631\u200e, romanized: Kristiane Am\u0101npur; born 12 January 1958) is a British-Iranian journalist and television host. Amanpour is the Chief International Anchor for CNN and host of CNN International's nightly interview program Amanpour. She is also the host of Amanpour & Company on PBS.", "Q672354": "Blood Red Shoes are an English alternative rock duo from Brighton consisting of Laura-Mary Carter and Steven Ansell. They have released five full-length albums, Box of Secrets (2008), Fire Like This (2010), In Time to Voices (2012), Blood Red Shoes (2014) and Get Tragic (2019) as well as several EPs and a number of singles. In 2014, they founded their own label, Jazz Life.", "Q173563": "Jomo Kenyatta (c.\u20091897 \u2013 22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. He was the country's first indigenous head of government and played a significant role in the transformation of Kenya from a colony of the British Empire into an independent republic. Ideologically an African nationalist and conservative, he led the Kenya African National Union (KANU) party from 1961 until his death.\nKenyatta was born to Kikuyu farmers in Kiambu, British East Africa. Educated at a mission school, he worked in various jobs before becoming politically engaged through the Kikuyu Central Association. In 1929, he travelled to London to lobby for Kikuyu land affairs. During the 1930s, he studied at Moscow's Communist University of the Toilers of the East, University College London, and the London School of Economics. In 1938, he published an anthropological study of Kikuyu life before working as a farm labourer in Sussex during the Second World War. Influenced by his friend George Padmore, he embraced anti-colonialist and Pan-African ideas, co-organising the 1945 Pan-African Congress in Manchester. He returned to Kenya in 1946 and became a school principal. In 1947, he was elected President of the Kenya African Union, through which he lobbied for independence from British colonial rule, attracting widespread indigenous support but animosity from white settlers. In 1952, he was among the Kapenguria Six arrested and charged with masterminding the anti-colonial Mau Mau Uprising. Although protesting his innocence\u2014a view shared by later historians\u2014he was convicted. He remained imprisoned at Lokitaung until 1959 and then exiled in Lodwar until 1961.\nOn his release, Kenyatta became President of KANU and led the party to victory in the 1963 general election. As Prime Minister, he oversaw the transition of the Kenya Colony into an independent republic, of which he became President in 1964. Desiring a one-party state, he transferred regional powers to his central government, suppressed political dissent, and prohibited KANU's only rival\u2014Oginga Odinga's leftist Kenya People's Union\u2014from competing in elections. He promoted reconciliation between the country's indigenous ethnic groups and its European minority, although his relations with the Kenyan Indians were strained and Kenya's army clashed with Somali separatists in the North Eastern Province during the Shifta War. His government pursued capitalist economic policies and the \"Africanisation\" of the economy, prohibiting non-citizens from controlling key industries. Education and healthcare were expanded, while UK-funded land redistribution favoured KANU loyalists and exacerbated ethnic tensions. Under Kenyatta, Kenya joined the Organisation of African Unity and the Commonwealth of Nations, espousing a pro-Western and anti-communist foreign policy amid the Cold War. Kenyatta died in office and was succeeded by Daniel arap Moi.\nKenyatta was a controversial figure. Prior to Kenyan independence, many of its white settlers regarded him as an agitator and malcontent, although across Africa he gained widespread respect as an anti-colonialist. During his presidency, he was given the honorary title of Mzee and lauded as the Father of the Nation, securing support from both the black majority and the white minority with his message of reconciliation. Conversely, his rule was criticised as dictatorial, authoritarian, and neo-colonial, of favouring Kikuyu over other ethnic groups, and of facilitating the growth of widespread corruption.", "Q50825829": "Margaret Rose Vendryes (born 1955, Kingston, Jamaica) is a visual artist, curator, and art historian based in New York.", "Q49163": "Lawrence is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, on the Merrimack River. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 76,377, which had risen to an estimated as 80,376 of 2018. Surrounding communities include Methuen to the north, Andover to the southwest, and North Andover and Lowell, Massachusetts to the southeast. Lawrence and Salem were the county seats of Essex County, until the Commonwealth abolished county government in 1999. Lawrence is part of the Merrimack Valley.\nManufacturing products of the city include electronic equipment, textiles, footwear, paper products, computers, and foodstuffs. Lawrence was the residence of poet Robert Frost for his early school years; his essays and poems were first published in the Lawrence High School newspaper.", "Q3159": "Kursk (Russian: \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043a, IPA: [\u02c8kursk]) is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym rivers. The area around Kursk was the site of a turning point in the Soviet\u2013German struggle during World War II and the site of the largest tank battle in history. Population: 415,159\u2009(2010 Census); 412,442\u2009(2002 Census); 424,239\u2009(1989 Census).", "Q123354": "Sami Awad Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh (in Arabic: \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 / S\u0101my \u02bfw\u1e0d \u02be\u0100d-dyb \u02be\u0100bw-S\u0101\u1e25lyh) (born September 5, 1949 in Zababdeh, near Jenin in the West Bank) is a Palestinian lawyer with Swiss citizenship.Aldeeb was the head of the Arab and Islamic Law department at the Swiss Institute of Comparative Law from 1980 to 2009. He now directs the Center of Arab and Islamic law and teaches at various universities in Switzerland, France and Italy.\nHe is the author of many books and articles on Arab and Islamic law. In 2008 he published a bilingual edition of the Quran (Arabic - French) classifying the chapters (suras) in chronological order according to Al-Azhar, with reference to variations, abrogations and Jewish and Christian writings. He is currently preparing a similar edition in Italian and English. He also translated the Swiss constitution into Arabic for the Swiss Confederation.", "Q1401107": "Mayo Thompson (born February 26, 1944 in Houston, Texas) is an American musician and visual artist best known as the leader of the avant-garde rock band Red Krayola.\n\n", "Q664536": "The Besnard Lakes are a Canadian indie rock band from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Formed in 2003 by the husband and wife team of Jace Lasek and Olga Goreas, the band also includes Kevin Laing (drums), Richard White (guitar), Sheenah Ko (keyboards) and Robbie MacArthur (guitar).\nTwo of the band's five albums have been nominated for the Polaris Music Prize.", "Q240677": "Nicholas Ray (born Raymond Nicholas Kienzle Jr., August 7, 1911 \u2013 June 16, 1979) was an American film director best known for the movie Rebel Without a Cause.\nRay is also appreciated for many narrative features produced between 1947 and 1963 including Bigger Than Life, Johnny Guitar, They Live by Night, and In a Lonely Place, as well as an experimental work produced throughout the 1970s titled We Can't Go Home Again, which was unfinished at the time of Ray's death from lung cancer. Ray's compositions within the CinemaScope frame and use of color are particularly well-regarded. Ray was an important influence on the French New Wave, with Jean-Luc Godard famously writing in a review of Bitter Victory, \"cinema is Nicholas Ray.\"", "Q517206": "Josefin Brink (born 1969) is a Swedish Left Party politician. She has been a member of the Riksdag since 2006. She married \u00c5sa Brunius on 10 July 2011", "Q216431": "Vincent Klink (born 29 January 1949 in Gie\u00dfen) is a German chef, restaurateur, author and publisher of culinary literature, jazz musician and media personality known for his food-focused television shows. In 2014, Klink received the Order of Merit of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. Klink was founder member of the Deutsche Akademie f\u00fcr Kulinaristik, which takes care of the scientific exploration of the culinary art and customs. Supporting quality food, Klink participated in the Internet-initiative against Genetically modified food.", "Q1252062": "Sciences Po Bordeaux, or Institut d'\u00e9tudes politiques (IEP) de Bordeaux, is a French political science grande \u00e9cole located on the university campus of Pessac, 8 km from the centre of Bordeaux. It is attached to the University of Bordeaux. Established in 1948, Sciences Po Bordeaux is one of the ten Institutes of Political Studies of France and a Grandes \u00e9cole.\nAll students in Sciences Po Bordeaux study a curriculum that is highly practical and broad based, focusing on the full range of the social sciences: law, economics, finance, management, etc. The school is considered as one of the most selective in France, mainly because it is one of the schools where main political and business leaders are born.According to article 2 of an 18 December 1989 decree, the mission of Institutes of Political Studies is : 1\u00b0 to contribute to the training of higher civil servants as well as executives in the public, para-public and private sectors, notably in the State and decentralized communities 2\u00b0 to develop the research in political and administrative sciences\nAlumni include many notable public figures, including one French Prime Minister, politicians and influential businessmen.\nThe Institute has approximately 1,300 students, admitted after a rigorous selection. Each year, Sciences Po Bordeaux receives about 3000 applications and only around 150 students will be accepted after the selection process, around 5% in average. This process makes it one of the most difficult French Political Institute to be accepted in.The academic course lasts five years, at the end of which a student graduates with the Diploma of Sciences Po Bordeaux (which is equivalent to a bachelor's degree) and with one of three Masters offered by the Institute.\nSciences Po Bordeaux is a well integrated university, with more than 200 exchange-agreements with foreign universities around the world. It also proposes double degree programs with the universities of Stuttgart (Germany), Turin (Italy), Coimbra (Portugal), Madrid (Spain), Cardiff (UK), Moscow (Russia), Kingston (Jamaica) and Quebec (Canada).", "Q3043962": "Mathew Knowles (born January 9, 1952) is an American record executive, talent manager, and businessman. He is best known for being the manager of Destiny's Child. He also managed the solo careers of his daughters Beyonc\u00e9 and Solange Knowles.", "Q29697": "The Broken Hearts Club: A Romantic Comedy is a 2000 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Greg Berlanti. It follows the lives of a group of gay friends in West Hollywood, centered on a restaurant owned by the fatherly Jack (John Mahoney) and the softball team he sponsors. The friends rely on each other for friendship and support as they search for love, deal with loss, and discover themselves.\nThe Broken Hearts Club was Berlanti's first feature film, based around his circle of friends at the time. The movie was met with generally favorable reviews from critics, receiving praise for portraying homosexuality as normal and its characters as average gay men. The film focuses on \"the universal themes of romance, acceptance and family\", as opposed to AIDS, coming out, and sex, which are more controversial and stereotypical topics commonly covered in LGBT films.", "Q3080929": "K Records is an independent record label in Olympia, Washington founded in 1982. Artists on the label included early releases by Beck, Modest Mouse and Built to Spill. The record label has been called \"key to the development of independent music\" since the 1980s.The label was founded by Beat Happening frontman Calvin Johnson and managed for many years by Candice Pedersen. Many early releases were on the cassette tape format, making the label one of the longest lasting reflections of the cassette culture of the 1970s and early 1980s. Although itself releasing primarily offbeat pop music and indie rock, the DIY label is regarded as one of the pioneers of riot grrrl movement and the second wave of American punk in the 1990s.", "Q4885722": "Benjamin James Goldsmith (born 28 October 1980) is an English financier and environmentalist. The son of financier James Goldsmith and Lady Annabel Goldsmith he is founder and CEO of London-listed investment firm Menhaden, which focuses on the theme of energy and resource efficiency. Previously he co-founded the sustainability-focused investment firm WHEB, whose private equity business split away in 2014 and now trades under the name Alaina Partners. He has used his personal wealth to support both philanthropic and political projects in the area of the environment and sustainability.\nHe had a high-profile marriage to Rothschild heiress Kate Emma Rothschild which ended in 2012. The split gained tabloid headlines in the UK after being dubbed the first \"Twitter divorce\" for playing out on social media via posts on Twitter.", "Q4636": "Barbara Joan \"Barbra\" Streisand (; born April 24, 1942) is an American singer, actress, and filmmaker. In a career spanning six decades, she has achieved success in multiple fields of entertainment and has been recognized with two Academy Awards, ten Grammy Awards including the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and the Grammy Legend Award, five Emmy Awards including one Daytime Emmy, a Special Tony Award, an American Film Institute award, a Kennedy Center Honors prize, four Peabody Awards, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and nine Golden Globes. She is among a small group of entertainers who have been honored with an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award \u2013 though only three were competitive awards \u2013 and is one of only two artists in that group who have also won a Peabody.After beginning a successful recording career in the 1960s, Streisand ventured into film by the end of that decade. She starred in the critically acclaimed Funny Girl, for which she won the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. Her other films include The Owl and the Pussycat, The Way We Were, and A Star Is Born, for which she received her second Academy Award, composing music for the love theme \"Evergreen\", the first woman to be honored as a composer. With the release of Yentl in 1983, Streisand became the first woman to write, produce, direct, and star in a major studio film. The film won an Oscar for Best Score and a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Musical. Streisand also received the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, becoming the first (and to date only) woman to win that award.\nStreisand is one of the best-selling recording artists of all time, with more than 68.5 million albums in the U.S. and with a total of 150 million records sold worldwide making her the best-selling female artist among top-selling artists recognized by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The RIAA and Billboard recognize Streisand as holding the record for the most top 10 albums of any female recording artist: a total of 34 since 1963. According to Billboard, she holds the record for the female with the most number one albums (11). Billboard also recognizes her as the greatest female of all time on its 200 chart and one of the greatest artists of all time on its Hot 100 chart. Streisand is the only recording artist to have a number-one album in each of the last six decades, having released 53 gold albums, 31 platinum albums, and 14 multi-platinum albums in the United States.", "Q320829": "Neil Mallon Bush (born January 22, 1955) is an American businessman and investor. He is the fourth of six children of former President George H. W. Bush and Barbara Bush (n\u00e9e Pierce). His five siblings are George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States; Jeb Bush, a former governor of Florida; Pauline Robinson \"Robin\" Bush, who died of leukemia at the age of three; Marvin Bush; Dorothy Bush Koch. Neil Bush is currently a businessman based in Texas.\n\n", "Q3529958": "Rajagopala Chidambaram (born 12 November 1936) is an Indian Physicist who is known for his integral role in India's nuclear weapons program; he coordinated test preparation for the Pokhran-I (1975) and Pokhran-II (1998).\nPreviously served as the principal scientific adviser to the federal Government of India, Chidambaram previously served as the director of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)\u2014 and later as chairman, Atomic Energy Commission of the Government of India and he contributed in providing national defence and energy security to India. Chidambaram was chairman of the board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) during 1994\u201395. He was also a member of the Commission of Eminent Persons appointed by the Director-General, IAEA, in 2008 to prepare a report on \"The Role of the IAEA to 2020 and Beyond\".\nThroughout his career, Chidambaram played a key role in developing India's nuclear weapons, being a part of the team conducting the first Indian nuclear test (Smiling Buddha) at Pokhran Test Range in 1974. He gained international fame when he led and represented the team of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) while observing and leading efforts to conduct the second nuclear tests in May 1998.", "Q45981": "Rhythm and blues, commonly abbreviated as R&B, is a genre of popular music that originated in African American communities in the 1940s. The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans, at a time when \"urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a heavy, insistent beat\" was becoming more popular.\nIn the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, the bands usually consisted of piano, one or two guitars, bass, drums, one or more saxophones, and sometimes background vocalists. R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy, as well as triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, economics, and aspirations.\nThe term \"rhythm and blues\" has undergone a number of shifts in meaning. In the early 1950s, it was frequently applied to blues records. Starting in the mid-1950s, after this style of music contributed to the development of rock and roll, the term \"R&B\" became used to refer to music styles that developed from and incorporated electric blues, as well as gospel and soul music. In the 1960s, several British rock bands such as the Rolling Stones, the Who and the Animals were referred to and promoted as being R&B bands; posters for the Who's residency at the Marquee Club in 1964 contained the slogan, \"Maximum R&B\". Their mix of rock and roll and R&B is now known as \"British rhythm and blues\". By the 1970s, the term \"rhythm and blues\" changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk. In the 1980s, a newer style of R&B developed, becoming known as \"contemporary R&B\". It combines rhythm and blues with elements of pop, soul, funk, hip hop, and electronic music. Popular R&B vocalists at the end of the 20th century included Prince, R. Kelly, Stevie Wonder, Chaka Khan, Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, and Mariah Carey. In the 21st century, R&B has remained a popular genre becoming more pop-oriented and alternatively influenced with successful artists including Bruno Mars, Chris Brown, SZA, Robin Thicke, The Weeknd.", "Q1334495": "Koltsovo International Airport (Russian: \u0410\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u043e\u0432\u043e) (IATA: SVX, ICAO: USSS) is the international airport serving Yekaterinburg, Russia, located 16 km (10 mi) southeast of the city. Being the largest airport in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Koltsovo also serves nearby towns such as Aramil, Sysert, and Polevskoy. In general, the airport is responsible for serving approximately 4,290,000 people. The airport is a hub for Ural Airlines, RusLine and Aviacon Zitotrans. Due to its location in the center of Russia, Yekaterinburg's airport is included in the \"Priority Airports\" list of Russia's Federal Air Transport Agency (Rosaviatsia).\n\n", "Q44447": "Michael Jackson's This Is It is a 2009 American documentary\u2013concert film directed by Kenny Ortega that documents Michael Jackson's rehearsals and preparation for the concert series of the same name scheduled to start on July 13, 2009, but cancelled due to his death eighteen days prior on June 25. It is the last film Jackson starred in. The film is now the highest grossing concert movie and documentary in the history of cinema. The film consists of Jackson rehearsing musical numbers and directing his team. It also includes additional behind the scenes footage, including dancer auditions and costume design. The film's director, Kenny Ortega, confirmed that none of this footage was originally intended for release, but after Jackson's death, it was agreed that the film would be made. The footage was filmed in California at the Staples Center and The Forum.\nThe film was given a worldwide release and a limited two-week theatrical run from October 28 to November 12, 2009, but the theatrical release was later extended. Tickets went on sale a month early on September 27 to satisfy a high anticipated demand; to date, the film has broken numerous pre-sale and box office records.\nSince the film's confirmation, AEG Live has faced criticism, mostly consisting of claims that they had only made the film to make a profit. Multiple members of Jackson's family had confirmed that they did not support the film, and some family members went as far as to try to stop the film agreement in August. The film has also been surrounded by allegations regarding the appearance of body doubles in place of Jackson, which Sony denied, and it faced an outrage from some of Jackson's fans, with some going as far as to start a protest against the film. In August 2009, a judge approved a deal between Jackson's estate, concert promoter AEG Live, and Sony Pictures. The agreement allowed Sony to edit the hundreds of hours of rehearsal footage needed to create the film. Sony subsequently paid $50 million for the film rights.The film received generally positive reviews from both critics and Jackson fans; the film's portrayal of Jackson and his performances were generally praised, while criticism mainly consisted of both critics and fans having felt that the film was made just to profit from Jackson's death and that Jackson would not have wanted the film released because he was a \"perfectionist\". Despite some fans boycotting the film and his family not endorsing the movie, the ticket sales for This Is It broke international records a month before its release, specifically the advance ticket sales records for a film. Among the cities with the strongest sales were Los Angeles, San Francisco, Houston and New York. Records were also set in Japan, where more than $1 million in tickets were sold on the first day they were available. In London, fans bought more than 30,000 tickets on the first day. Record sales were also reported in Holland, Sweden, Belgium, Brazil and New Zealand. In the first opening weekend it grossed $101 million worldwide. The movie sold $32.5 million over its first five days in the U.S. and Canada and $68.5 million in 97 other countries\u2014making it the number one film at the box office and the fifth highest-grossing Halloween debut. On its theatrical run, the film's worldwide revenue gross was in total $261 million, making it the highest grossing documentary/concert movie of all time.", "Q138012": "Fran\u00e7ois Christophe Edmond de Kellermann, 3rd Duke of Valmy (1802-1868) was a distinguished statesman, political historian, and diplomat under the July Monarchy.He was the son of Fran\u00e7ois \u00c9tienne de Kellermann and the grandson of marshal Fran\u00e7ois Christophe de Kellermann. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1842, he retired from politics in 1848. With his death the title became extinct.", "Q213549": "Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger (17 February 1752 \u2013 25 February 1831) was a German dramatist and novelist. His play Sturm und Drang (1776) gave its name to the Sturm und Drang artistic epoch. He was a childhood friend of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and is often closely associated with Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz. Klinger worked as a playwright for the Seylersche Schauspiel-Gesellschaft for two years, but eventually left the Kingdom of Prussia to become a General in the Imperial Russian Army.", "Q484308": "Donald \"Don\" Oberdorfer Jr. (May 28, 1931 \u2013 July 23, 2015) was an American professor at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University with a specialty in Korea, and was a journalist for 38 years, 25 of them with The Washington Post. He is the author of five books and several academic papers. His book, Senator Mansfield: The Extraordinary Life of a Great American Statesman and Diplomat, won the D.B. Hardeman Prize in 2003.", "Q65489": "Eduard Ernst Friedrich Hannibal Vogel von Fal(c)kenstein (5 January 1797 \u2013 6 April 1885) was a Prussian General der Infanterie.", "Q86712": "Leonard Proxauf (born November 27, 1995) is an Austrian actor, best known for his role as Martin in the film The White Ribbon.\n\n", "Q9312": "Immanuel Kant (UK: , US: ; German: [\u026a\u02c8ma\u02d0nu\u032fe\u02d0l \u02c8kant, -nu\u032f\u025bl -]; 22 April 1724 \u2013 12 February 1804) was an influential German philosopher in the Age of Enlightenment. In his doctrine of transcendental idealism, he argued that space, time, and causation are mere sensibilities; \"things-in-themselves\" exist, but their nature is unknowable. In his view, the mind shapes and structures experience, with all human experience sharing certain structural features. In one of his major works, the Critique of Pure Reason (1781; second edition 1787), he drew a parallel to the Copernican revolution in his proposition that worldly objects can be intuited a priori ('beforehand'), and that intuition is therefore independent from objective reality:\n\nUp to now it has been assumed that all our cognition must conform to the objects; but all attempts to find out something about them a priori through concepts that would extend our cognition have, on this presupposition, come to nothing. Hence let us once try whether we do not get farther with the problems of metaphysics by assuming that the objects must conform to our cognition, which would agree better with the requested possibility of an a priori cognition of them, which is to establish something about objects before they are given to us. This would be just like the first thoughts of Copernicus, who, when he did not make good progress in the explanation of the celestial motions if he assumed that the entire celestial host revolves around the observer, tried to see if he might not have greater success if he made the observer revolve and left the stars at rest. Now in metaphysics we can try in a similar way regarding the intuition of objects. If intuition has to conform to the constitution of the objects, then I do not see how we can know anything of them a priori; but if the object (as an object of the senses) conforms to the constitution of our faculty of intuition, then I can very well represent this possibility to myself.\nKant believed that reason is also the source of morality, and that aesthetics arise from a faculty of disinterested judgment. Kant's views continue to have a major influence on contemporary philosophy, especially the fields of epistemology, ethics, political theory, and post-modern aesthetics. He attempted to explain the relationship between reason and human experience and to move beyond the failures of traditional philosophy and metaphysics. He wanted to put an end to what he saw as an era of futile and speculative theories of human experience, while resisting the skepticism of thinkers such as David Hume. He regarded himself as showing the way past the impasse between rationalists and empiricists, and is widely held to have synthesized both traditions in his thought.Kant was an exponent of the idea that perpetual peace could be secured through universal democracy and international cooperation. He believed that this would be the eventual outcome of universal history, although it is not rationally planned. The nature of Kant's religious ideas continues to be the subject of philosophical dispute, with viewpoints ranging from the impression that he was an initial advocate of atheism who at some point developed an ontological argument for God, to more critical treatments epitomized by Schopenhauer, who criticized the imperative form of Kantian ethics as \"theological morals\" and the \"Mosaic Decalogue in disguise\", and Nietzsche, who claimed that Kant had \"theologian blood\" and was merely a sophisticated apologist for traditional Christian faith.Kant published other important works on ethics, religion, law, aesthetics, astronomy, and history. These include the Universal Natural History (1755), the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), the Metaphysics of Morals (1797), the Critique of Judgment (1790), which looks at aesthetics and teleology, and Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason (1793).", "Q214226": "Lauryn Noelle Hill (born May 26, 1975) is an American singer, songwriter and rapper, known for being a member of Fugees, and for her solo album The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill, which won many awards and broke several sales records. Raised mostly in South Orange, New Jersey, Hill began singing with her music-oriented family during her childhood. In high school, Hill was approached by Pras Michel for a band he started, which his friend, Wyclef Jean, soon joined. They renamed themselves the Fugees and released the albums Blunted on Reality (1994), and the Grammy Award\u2013winning The Score (1996), which sold six million copies in the U.S. Hill rose to prominence with her African-American and Caribbean music influences, her rapping and singing, and her rendition of the hit \"Killing Me Softly\". Her tumultuous romantic relationship with Wyclef Jean led to the split of the band in 1997, after which she began to focus on solo projects.\nThe Miseducation of Lauryn Hill (1998) remains Hill's only solo studio album. It received critical acclaim showcasing a representation of life and relationships and locating a contemporary voice within the neo soul genre. The album debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 and has sold approximately eight million copies there. This included the singles \"Doo Wop (That Thing)\" (also a number one), \"Ex-Factor\" (became her biggest solo hit in the UK), and \"Everything Is Everything\". At the 41st Grammy Awards, the record earned her five awards, including Album of the Year and Best New Artist. During this time, she won several other awards and became a common sight on the cover of magazines.Soon afterward, Hill dropped out of the public eye, dissatisfied with the music industry and suffering from the pressures of fame. Her last full-length recording, the new-material live album MTV Unplugged No. 2.0 (2002), sharply divided critics and sold poorly compared to her first album and work with the Fugees. Hill's subsequent activity, which includes the release of a few songs and occasional festival appearances, has been sporadic. Her behavior has sometimes caused audience dissatisfaction; a reunion with her former group did not last long. Her music and public statements have become critical of pop culture and societal institutions. Hill has six children, five of them with Rohan Marley. In 2012 she pleaded guilty to tax evasion and served a three-month prison sentence the following year.", "Q382250": "Leor Dimant (Latvian: Leors Dimants, Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u0440 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442; born December 18, 1972) better known as DJ Lethal, is a Latvian-American turntablist and producer and is best known as a member of the groups House of Pain and Limp Bizkit. As of November 2014, Lethal is still producing and touring. As of 2018 he\u2019s been back with the band Limp Bizkit touring the world and working on a new album", "Q99632": "Albert Bessler (15 February 1905 \u2013 4 December 1975) was a German film actor. He appeared in 40 films between 1942 and 1975. He was born in Hamburg, Germany and died in Berlin, Germany.", "Q177063": "Philippe N\u00e9ricault Destouches (9 April 1680 \u2013 4 July 1754) was a French playwright who wrote 22 plays.", "Q286022": "Lonnie Corant Jaman Shuka Rashid Lynn (born March 13, 1972), better known by his stage name Common (formerly Common Sense), is an American rapper, actor, writer, philanthropist, and activist. Common debuted in 1992 with the album Can I Borrow a Dollar? and maintained an underground following into the late 1990s, after which he gained mainstream success through his work with the Soulquarians.Common's first major-label album Like Water for Chocolate (2000) received commercial success. In 2003, he won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Song for the Erykah Badu single \"Love of My Life\". His 2005 album Be was also a commercial success and was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 2006 Grammy Awards. Common received his second Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for \"Southside\" (featuring Kanye West), from his 2007 album Finding Forever. His best-of album, Thisisme Then: The Best of Common, was released in late 2007. In 2011, Common launched Think Common Entertainment, his own record label imprint. He had previously released music under various other labels including Relativity, Geffen, and GOOD Music.\nCommon won the 2015 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and the Academy Award for Best Original Song, for his song \"Glory\" from the 2014 film Selma, in which he co-starred as Civil Rights Movement leader James Bevel. Common's acting career also includes roles in the films Smokin' Aces, Street Kings, American Gangster, Wanted, Terminator Salvation, Date Night, Just Wright, Happy Feet Two, New Year's Eve, Run All Night, Being Charlie, Rex, John Wick: Chapter 2 and Smallfoot. He also narrated the documentary Bouncing Cats, about one man's efforts to improve the lives of children in Uganda through hip-hop/b-boy culture. He starred as Elam Ferguson on the AMC western television series Hell on Wheels.", "Q5482921": "Francis de Wolff (7 January 1913 \u2013 18 April 1984) was an English character actor. Large, bearded, and beetle-browed, he was often cast as villains in both film and television.\n\n", "Q129679": "Colin Berkeley Moynihan, 4th Baron Moynihan (born 13 September 1955) is a British Olympic coxswain, businessman, Conservative politician, and sports administrator. Lord Moynihan served as chairman of the British Olympic Association (BOA) from 2005 to 2012.", "Q131036": "Scientology is a body of religious beliefs and practices first described in 1950 and organized as a movement in May 1952 by American author L. Ron Hubbard (1911\u201386). Hubbard initially developed a program of ideas called Dianetics, which was distributed through the Dianetics Foundation. The foundation soon entered bankruptcy, and Hubbard lost the rights to his seminal publication Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health in 1952. He then recharacterized the subject as a religion and renamed it Scientology, retaining the terminology, doctrines, the E-meter, and the practice of auditing. Within a year, he regained the rights to Dianetics and retained both subjects under the umbrella of the Church of Scientology.The Church of Scientology says that a human is an immortal, spiritual being (thetan) that is resident in a physical body. The thetan has had innumerable past lives and it is observed in advanced Scientology texts that lives preceding the thetan's arrival on Earth were lived in extraterrestrial cultures. Based on case studies at advanced levels, it is predicted that any Scientologist undergoing auditing will eventually come across and recount a common series of events.\nHubbard describes the etymology of the word \"Scientology\" as coming from the Latin word scio, meaning know or distinguish, and the Greek word logos, meaning \"the word or outward form by which the inward thought is expressed and made known\". Hubbard writes, \"thus, Scientology means knowing about knowing, or the science of knowledge\".Hubbard's groups have encountered considerable opposition and controversy. In January 1951, the New Jersey Board of Medical Examiners brought proceedings against Dianetics Foundation on the charge of teaching medicine without a license. During the 1970s Hubbard's followers engaged in a program of criminal infiltration of the U.S. government. Hubbard-inspired organizations and their classification are often a point of contention. Germany classifies Scientology groups as an \"anti-constitutional sect\", while in France they have been classified as a dangerous cult by parliamentary reports.", "Q62480": "Ernst Christian Carl, 4th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (7 May 1794 \u2013 12 April 1860). He was the son of Prince Charles Louis of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and Countess Amalie Henriette of Solms-Baruth.\n\n", "Q168143": "Zbigniew Pacelt (born 26 August 1951 in Ostrowiec \u015awi\u0119tokrzyski) is a Polish sportsman (swimmer, modern pentathlete), Olympian, coach, sport official and politician. He competed as a swimmer at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics, and as a modern pentathlete at the 1976 Summer Olympics.He was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005, with 3,982 votes in 33 Kielce district as a candidate from the Civic Platform list.\nFor his sporting efforts he was awarded the Golden Cross of Merit and Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. He was awarded the title of \"Honorary Citizen of Ostrowiec\" in 2009.", "Q1028": "Morocco ( (listen); Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u200e, romanized: al-ma\u0121hrib, lit. 'place the sun sets; the west'; Standard Moroccan Tamazight: \u2d4d\u2d4e\u2d56\u2d54\u2d49\u2d31, romanized: lme\u0263rib; French: Maroc), officially the Kingdom of Morocco (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u200e, romanized: al-mamlakah al-maghribiyah, lit. 'The Western Kingdom'; Standard Moroccan Tamazight: \u2d5c\u2d30\u2d33\u2d4d\u2d37\u2d49\u2d5c \u2d4f \u2d4d\u2d4e\u2d56\u2d54\u2d49\u2d31, romanized: tageldit n lma\u0263rib; French: Royaume du Maroc), is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, with land border with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south (status disputed). Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta, Melilla and Pe\u00f1\u00f3n de V\u00e9lez de la Gomera, all of them under Spanish jurisdiction, as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands off its coast. The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca. Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 (274,460 sq mi) and has a population of over 36 million.\nSince the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule, when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Portuguese Empire began in Morocco in the 15th century, following Portuguese conquests along the Moroccan coast, founding settlements which lasted into the 17th and 18th centuries. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century, allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, which rules to this day, seized power in 1631. The country's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe, and in 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier. It regained its independence in 1956, and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards, with the fifth largest economy in Africa.Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, as its Southern Provinces. After Spain agreed to decolonise the territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, a guerrilla war arose with local forces. Mauritania relinquished its claim in 1979, and the war lasted until a ceasefire in 1991. Morocco currently occupies two thirds of the territory, and peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock.\nThe sovereign state is a unitary constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The country wields significant influence in both Africa and the Arab world, and is considered a regional power and a middle power. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court.\nMorocco's predominant religion is Islam, and its official languages are Arabic and Berber, the latter achieving official recognition in 2011, having been the native language of Morocco before the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, Sephardi Jews, West African and European influences.\nMorocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union.", "Q1027337": "Yukio Iketani (\u6c60\u8c37 \u5e78\u96c4, Iketani Yukio, born September 26, 1970) is a Japanese gymnast and Olympic medalist.", "Q63946": "Yverdon-les-Bains (French pronunciation: \u200b[iv\u025b\u0281d\u0254\u0303leb\u025b\u0303]) (called Eburodunum and Ebredunum during the Roman era) is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district. The population of Yverdon-les-Bains, as of December 2018, was 30,157.Yverdon is located in the heart of a natural setting formed by the Jura mountains, the plains of the Orbe, the hills of the Broye and Lake Neuch\u00e2tel. It is the second most important town in the Canton of Vaud. It is famous for its thermal springs and is an important regional centre for commerce and tourism.\nIt was awarded the Wakker Prize in 2009 for the way the city handled and developed the public areas and connected the old city with Lake Neuch\u00e2tel.", "Q215886": "Felix Galimir (May 12, 1910, Vienna \u2013 November 10, 1999, New York) was an Austrian-born American-Jewish violinist and music teacher.\nBorn in a Sephardic Jewish family Vienna; his first language was Ladino. He studied with Adolf Bak and Simon Pullman at the Vienna Conservatory from the age of twelve and graduated in 1928. With his three sisters he founded the Galimir Quartet in 1927 to commemorate the centenary of the death of Ludwig van Beethoven. During the early 1930s Galimir studied with Carl Flesch in Berlin In 1936, the Galimir Quartet recorded the Lyric Suite of Alban Berg and the String Quartet of Maurice Ravel under the supervision of the composers, who were present during the rehearsals and recording sessions. In 1936, he joined the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. He was harassed because of his Jewish ethnicity \u2013 at one performance, writes Allan Kozinn, \"just as the lights went down, the principal clarinetist called out, in a voice audible throughout the theater, 'Galimir \u2013 have you eaten your matzos today?'\" The next season, the orchestra expelled him because he was Jewish. He then emigrated to Palestine to join the newly founded Palestine Symphony Orchestra.\"My mother was Austrian, but as my father was Romanian, we were considered enemy aliens and lived in fear of internment\", he said of his family's plight in World War I.In 1938, Galimir moved to New York, where he founded another quartet and served as member of the NBC Symphony Orchestra from 1939 to 1956.(later, when the NBC ensemble was disbanded, Galimir was concertmaster of the Symphony of the Air.) In the 1950s he began acquiring a reputation as a music teacher and began teaching at The Juilliard School in New York in 1962 and from 1972 at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. In 1976 he began teaching at Mannes College of Music in New York.In 1952, after the death of Adolf Busch, pianist Rudolf Serkin asked Galimir to join the faculty of the Marlboro Music Festival, where he was in residence every year from 1954 until his death in 1999.Galimir died on November 10, 1999 of natural causes and has since been honoured with memorial concerts and competitions in his name.", "Q2302311": "The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) is a public land-grant research university in Paradise, Nevada. The 332-acre (134 ha) campus is about 1.6 mi (2.6 km) east of the Las Vegas Strip. It was formerly part of the University of Nevada from 1957 to 1969. The university includes the Shadow Lane Campus, just east of the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, which houses both School of Medicine and School of Dental Medicine. UNLV's law school, the William S. Boyd School of Law, is also the only law school in the state.\nUNLV is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity\". The William F. Harrah College of Hotel Administration is annually ranked among the top hospitality programs in the United States due in part to the university's proximity to the Las Vegas Strip. Its Thomas & Mack Center hosted the 2007 NBA All-Star Game, concerts and lectures by Bill Clinton and Mikhail Gorbachev as part of various UNLV-affiliated lecture series.", "Q290640": "Yes, Giorgio is a 1982 American musical\u2013comedy film starring Luciano Pavarotti. The film is based on the novel by Anne Piper. Yes, Giorgio also stars Kathryn Harrold, Eddie Albert, Paola Borboni, James Hong, Joseph Mascolo, Leona Mitchell, Kurt Adler, Emerson Buckley, and Alexander Courage. The film was directed by Franklin J. Schaffner, written by Anne Piper & Norman Steinberg, and produced by Peter Fetterman. The film was a box office bomb, losing an estimated $45 million.", "Q1567296": "The Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9ologique de France (SGF) is a French learned society founded on 17 March 1830. As of 2006, it counts 1,200 members.", "Q80405": "Julianne Moore (born Julie Anne Smith; December 3, 1960) is an American actress and author. Prolific in film since the early 1990s, she is particularly known for her portrayals of emotionally troubled women in both independent and blockbuster films, and has received many accolades, including an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award and two Golden Globes. Time magazine named Moore one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2015.\nAfter studying theatre at Boston University, Moore began her career with a series of television roles. From 1985 to 1988, she was a regular in the soap opera As the World Turns, earning a Daytime Emmy Award for her performance. Her film debut was in Tales from the Darkside: The Movie (1990), and she continued to play small roles for the next four years, including in the thriller The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (1992). Moore first received critical attention with Robert Altman's Short Cuts (1993), and successive performances in Vanya on 42nd Street (1994) and Safe (1995) continued this acclaim. Starring roles in the blockbusters Nine Months (1995) and The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) established her as a leading lady in Hollywood.\nMoore received considerable recognition in the late 1990s and early 2000s, earning Oscar nominations for Boogie Nights (1997), The End of the Affair (1999), Far from Heaven (2002) and The Hours (2002). In the first of these, she played a 1970s pornographic actress, while the other three starred her as an unhappy, mid-20th century housewife. She also had success with the films The Big Lebowski (1998), Magnolia (1999), Hannibal (2001), Children of Men (2006), A Single Man (2009), The Kids Are All Right (2010), and Crazy, Stupid, Love (2011), and won an Emmy Award for her portrayal of Sarah Palin in the television film Game Change (2012). Moore won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her playing an Alzheimer's patient in Still Alice (2014) and was named Best Actress at the Cannes Film Festival for Maps to the Stars (2014). Her highest-grossing releases include the final two films of The Hunger Games series and the spy film Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017).\nIn addition to acting, Moore has written a series of children's books about a character named \"Freckleface Strawberry\". She is married to director Bart Freundlich, with whom she has two children.", "Q312643": "Robert Joseph Cousy (, born August 9, 1928) is an American retired professional basketball player. Cousy played point guard with the Boston Celtics from 1950 to 1963, and briefly with the Cincinnati Royals in the 1969\u201370 season. Making his high school varsity squad as a junior, he went on to earn a scholarship to the College of the Holy Cross, where he led the Crusaders to berths in the 1948 NCAA Tournament and 1950 NCAA Tournament, and won NCAA All-American honors for three seasons. \nCousy was initially drafted by the Tri-Cities Blackhawks as the third overall pick in the first round of the 1950 NBA draft, but after he refused to report, he was picked up by Boston. He had an exceptionally successful career with the Celtics, leading the league an unprecedented 8 straight years in assists, playing on six NBA championship teams, and being voted into 13 NBA All-Star Games in his 13 full NBA seasons. He was also named to 12 All-NBA First and Second Teams and won the 1957 NBA Most Valuable Player Award.En route to his assist streak that was unmatched either in number of crowns or consecutive years, Cousy introduced a new blend of ball-handling and passing skills to the NBA that earned him the nickname \"The Houdini of the Hardwood\". Also known as \"Cooz\", he was regularly introduced at Boston Garden as \"Mr. Basketball\". After his playing career, he coached the Royals for several years, capped by a seven-game cameo comeback for them at age 41. \nCousy then became a broadcaster for Celtics games. Upon his election to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1971 the Celtics retired his No. 14 jersey and hung it in the rafters of the Garden. Cousy was named to the NBA 25th Anniversary Team in 1971, the NBA 35th Anniversary Team in 1981, and the NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team in 1996, making him one of only four players that were selected to each of those teams. He was also the first president of National Basketball Players Association. On August 22, 2019, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Donald Trump. \n\n", "Q538": "Oceania (UK: , US: (listen), ) is a geographic region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Spanning the eastern and western hemispheres, Oceania has a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres (3,291,903 sq mi) and a population of over 47 million. Situated in the southeast of the Asia-Pacific region, Oceania, when compared to continental regions, is the smallest in land area and the second smallest in population after Antarctica.\nOceania has a diverse mix of economies from the highly developed and globally competitive financial markets of Australia and New Zealand, which rank high in quality of life and human development index, to the much less developed economies that belong to countries such as Kiribati and Tuvalu, while also including medium-sized economies of Pacific islands such as Palau, Fiji and Tonga. The largest and most populous country in Oceania is Australia, with Sydney being the largest city of both Oceania and Australia.The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the large islands just to the east arrived more than 60,000 years ago. Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onward. Portuguese navigators, between 1512 and 1526, reached the Tanimbar Islands, some of the Caroline Islands and west Papua New Guinea. On his first voyage in the 18th century, James Cook, who later arrived at the highly developed Hawaiian Islands, went to Tahiti and followed the east coast of Australia for the first time. The Pacific front saw major action during the Second World War, mainly between Allied powers the United States and Australia, and Axis power Japan.\nThe arrival of European settlers in subsequent centuries resulted in a significant alteration in the social and political landscape of Oceania. In more contemporary times there has been increasing discussion on national flags and a desire by some Oceanians to display their distinguishable and\nindividualistic identity. The rock art of Australian Aborigines is the longest continuously practiced artistic tradition in the world. Puncak Jaya in Papua is the highest peak in Oceania at 4,884 metres. Most Oceanian countries have a parliamentary representative democratic multi-party system, with tourism being a large source of income for the Pacific Islands nations.\n\n", "Q333855": "Herbert Austin, 1st Baron Austin (8 November 1866 \u2013 23 May 1941) was an English automobile designer and builder who founded the Austin Motor Company. For the majority of his career he was known as Sir Herbert Austin, and the Northfield bypass is called \"Sir Herbert Austin Way\" after him.", "Q115180": "Steven G\u00e4tjen (born 25 September 1972 in Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.) is a German-American event and TV host based in Germany.\nSteven G\u00e4tjen speaks fluent German and English. He hosts TV programs and live events and also work as an actor and producer. Since 2004 he owns a restaurant in New York called Via Monterone. From 1999-2015 he was employed by ProSieben. On 19 December 2015 he left ProSieben after the last Schlag den Raab episode. In February 2016 he started in his new role at ZDF.", "Q402179": "Ahn Sung-ki (born January 1, 1952) is a South Korean actor. One of the country's most respected actors, he has appeared in more than 130 films during his career of over 60 years.", "Q2338099": "Panda Kopanda (\u30d1\u30f3\u30c0\u30fb\u30b3\u30d1\u30f3\u30c0, translated \"Panda, Baby Panda\") is a children's Japanese animated film, first released in 1972. It was created by the team of Isao Takahata (director), Hayao Miyazaki (writer, layout, scene design), Yoichi Kotabe (animation director) and Yasuo Otsuka (animation director, character design). This short movie was released in Japan at the height of the panda craze, initiated in September 1972, when the government announced the loan of a pair of giant pandas from China to the Ueno Zoo as part of panda diplomacy.A success in Japanese theaters, its creators followed up with Panda Kopanda and the Rainy-Day Circus in 1973, which was also a success. In 1974, Takahata, Miyazaki and Kotabe would create the landmark anime series Heidi, Girl of the Alps. In 1985, Takahata and Miyazaki would found Studio Ghibli.\nPanda Kopanda is known in North America by the title, \"Panda! Go Panda!\" The two short films are available on DVD and Blu-ray in Japan, and on DVD in North America.", "Q208169": "The Republic of Ragusa (Croatian: Dubrova\u010dka Republika) was an aristocratic maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik (Ragusa in Italian, German and Latin) in Dalmatia (today in southernmost Croatia) that carried that name from 1358 until 1808. It reached its commercial peak in the 15th and the 16th centuries, before being conquered by Napoleon's French Empire and formally annexed by the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1808. It had a population of about 30,000 people, of whom 5,000 lived within the city walls. Its Latin motto was \"Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro\", which means \"Liberty is not well sold for all the gold\".", "Q77933": "Caroline Philippine von Briest (better known as Caroline de la Motte Fouqu\u00e9; 7 October 1773 \u2013 20 July 1831) was one of the most prolific women writers of the Romantic period. \nShe wrote novels, short stories, fairy tales, as well as essays, on Greek mythology, on the history of fashion, and travelogues. Considered to be one of the most accomplished women of Germany of her time, her numerous works gained her a high degree of celebrity.", "Q277965": "M\u00f6dling is the capital of the Austrian district of the same name located approximately 14 km south of Vienna.\nM\u00f6dling lies in Lower Austria's industrial zone. The M\u00f6dlingbach, a brook which rises in the Vienna Woods, flows through the town. Near Achau it joins with the Schwechat. Woodland occupies a large part of the municipality, part of the F\u00f6hrenberge ('Pine Mountains').\nLocated immediately south of Vienna, and within the boundaries of the district of M\u00f6dling, is one of the largest shopping centres in Europe: Shopping City S\u00fcd (SCS).\n\n", "Q186924": "Hillel Slovak (Hebrew: \u05d4\u05dc\u05dc \u05e1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d1\u05e7; April 13, 1962 \u2013 June 25, 1988) was an Israeli-American musician best known as the founding guitarist of the Los Angeles rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers. Slovak recorded two albums with the band, Freaky Styley (1985) and The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (1987). His guitar work was primarily rooted in funk and hard rock, although he often experimented with other genres including reggae and speed metal. He is considered to have been a major influence on the Red Hot Chili Peppers' early sound.\nBorn in Haifa, Israel, Slovak immigrated with his family to the United States in 1967 when he was five years old. Slovak met future bandmates Anthony Kiedis, Flea, and Jack Irons while attending high school in Los Angeles. He joined the group Anthym along with Irons while attending Fairfax High School; Flea would later join the group, which later changed its name to What Is This?. Slovak, Flea, Kiedis, and Irons started Red Hot Chili Peppers in 1982, which became popular in the Los Angeles area, playing various shows around the city. However, Slovak quit the band to focus on What is This?, which had been signed to a record deal, leaving the Red Hot Chili Peppers to record their debut album without him. He rejoined the Chili Peppers in 1985, and recorded the albums Freaky Styley and The Uplift Mofo Party Plan with the band.\nDuring his career, Slovak developed a serious heroin addiction. He attempted to quit the drug many times, but ultimately succumbed to his addiction, dying of an overdose on June 25, 1988 at age 26. Several Red Hot Chili Peppers songs have been written as tributes to Slovak, including \"Otherside\", \"Knock Me Down\", \"My Lovely Man\", \"This Is the Place\", \"Dosed\" and \"Feasting on the Flowers\". In 1999, his brother James Slovak published a book entitled Behind the Sun: The Diary and Art of Hillel Slovak, which features Slovak's diaries and paintings. Slovak was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers on April 14, 2012, with his brother accepting on his behalf.", "Q3160177": "Jacques Villiers (26 August 1924 \u2013 13 March 2012) was a French aerospace engineer and public servant. He was the founder of the Centre d'\u00e9tudes de la navigation a\u00e9rienne (French air navigation center) and co-founder of the CAUTRA system (Syst\u00e8me de contr\u00f4le automatis\u00e9 du trafic a\u00e9rien \u2013 automated air traffic control system), the computer system of the French air traffic management.", "Q68813": "Orselina is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q237399": "Eleanor Jean Parker (June 26, 1922 \u2013 December 9, 2013) was an American actress who appeared in some 80 movies and television series. An actress of notable versatility, she was called Woman of a Thousand Faces by Doug McClelland, author of a biography of Parker by the same title.At age 18, Parker was signed by Warner Brothers in 1941. She was nominated three times for the Oscar for Best Actress in the 1950s: for Caged (1950), Detective Story (1951), and Interrupted Melody (1955). Her role in Caged also won her the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival. One of her most memorable roles was that of Baroness Elsa von Schraeder in The Sound of Music (1965).\n\n", "Q303982": "Roger Mears (born April 24, 1947 in Wichita, Kansas), is a former off-road driver who also drove in the USAC and CART Championship Car series. He raced in the 1978\u20131984 seasons, with 31 combined career starts, and started in the 1982 and 1983 Indianapolis 500s. He finished in the top ten 17 times, with his best finish in 4th position achieved 3 times.\nFollowing his IndyCar career, Mears returned to desert racing. Late in his career, he raced in four events during the 1995 NASCAR SuperTruck Series season, racing for Hendrick Motorsports, including the inaugural series race at Phoenix. His best career finish, however, was a 16th at Mesa Marin.\nRoger is the father of NASCAR driver Casey Mears, and is 5 years older than his brother, Rick Mears, a 4-time Indianapolis 500 winner. He also is an atheist.Since his own racing career ended, Mears has been heavily involved in Casey's career. He ran an Indy Lights team, with Casey as the driver, before working as a consultant with both Ganassi and Hendrick Motorsports.", "Q551521": "Licio Gelli (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8lit\u0283o \u02c8d\u0292\u025blli]; April 21, 1919 \u2013 December 15, 2015) was an Italian financier, Fascist, and liaison officer between the Italian government and Nazi Germany, chiefly known for his role in the Banco Ambrosiano scandal. He was revealed in 1981 as being the Venerable Master of the clandestine lodge Propaganda Due (P2).", "Q312657": "Charles Martin Jones (September 21, 1912 \u2013 February 22, 2002) was an American animated filmmaker and cartoonist, best known for his work with Warner Bros. Cartoons on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts. He wrote, produced, and/or directed many classic animated cartoon shorts starring Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner, Pep\u00e9 Le Pew, Porky Pig, Michigan J. Frog, the Three Bears, and a slew of other Warner characters.\nAfter his career at Warner Bros. ended in 1962, Jones started Sib Tower 12 Productions, and began producing cartoons for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, including a new series of Tom and Jerry shorts and the television adaptation of Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas!. He later started his own studio, Chuck Jones Enterprises, which created several one-shot specials, and periodically worked on Looney Tunes related works.\nJones was nominated for eight Academy Awards, winning three times. He won for the cartoons For Scent-imental Reasons, So Much for So Little, and The Dot and the Line. Robin Williams presented Jones with an Honorary Academy Award in 1996 for his iconic work in the animation industry. Film historian Leonard Maltin has praised Jones' work at Warner Bros., MGM and Chuck Jones Enterprises. He also said that the \"feud\" that there may have been between Jones and colleague Bob Clampett was mainly because they were so different from each other. In Jerry Beck's The 50 Greatest Cartoons, ten of the entries were directed by Jones, with four out of the five top cartoons (including first place) being Jones shorts.\n\n", "Q442549": "Betsy Drake (September 11, 1923 \u2013 October 27, 2015) was a French-born American actress and writer. She was the third wife of actor Cary Grant.", "Q388769": "Nicolas Godin (born 25 December 1969) is a French musician best known for being half of the music duo Air.\n\n", "Q70090": "Sainte-Croix is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q6766197": "Marjean Holden (born November 3, 1964) is an American actress, stuntwoman and martial artist.", "Q322794": "William Smellie (1740\u20131795) was a Scottish printer who edited the first edition of the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. He was also a naturalist and antiquary, who was joint founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, co-founder of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, and a friend of Robert Burns.", "Q444138": "Mark of the Devil (German: Hexen bis aufs Blut gequ\u00e4lt, lit. Witches Tortured till They Bleed) is a 1970 West German horror film. It is most remembered for US marketing slogans devised by Hallmark Releasing Corp. that included \"Positively the most horrifying film ever made\" and \"Rated V for Violence\", while sick bags were given free to the audience upon admission.While not prosecuted for obscenity, the film was seized and confiscated in the UK under Section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 during the video nasty panic.", "Q511105": "Laura Slade Wiggins (born August 8, 1988) is an American actress, singer and musician. She is most known for her roles in Stand, Shameless, The Tomorrow People, Starving in Suburbia and Rings.", "Q728728": "Eric Michael Griffin is an American rock guitarist. He is most famous for playing bass in the horror punk band Murderdolls (2002\u20132004) and guitar in Wednesday 13 (2006\u20132007). He is now living in Los Angeles.", "Q85569": "Ruth Hieronymi (born 8 November 1947, Bonn) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for North Rhine-Westphalia from 1999 until 2009. She is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.", "Q105387": "Independence Day is a 1996 American epic science fiction action film directed and co-written by Roland Emmerich. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Will Smith, Bill Pullman, Jeff Goldblum, Mary McDonnell, Judd Hirsch, Margaret Colin, Randy Quaid, Robert Loggia, James Rebhorn, Harvey Fierstein, Vivica A. Fox and Harry Connick Jr. The film focuses on disparate groups of people who converge in the Nevada desert in the aftermath of a worldwide attack by an extraterrestrial race of unknown origin. With the other people of the world, they launch an all-out counterattack on July 4\u2014Independence Day in the United States.\nWhile promoting Stargate in Europe, Emmerich came up with the idea for the film while answering a question about his own belief in the existence of alien life. He and Dean Devlin decided to incorporate a large-scale attack having noticed that aliens in most invasion films travel long distances in outer space only to remain hidden when reaching Earth. Shooting began in July 1995 in New York City, and the film was officially completed on June 20, 1996.\nNow considered a significant turning point in the history of the Hollywood blockbuster, Independence Day was at the forefront of the large-scale disaster film and sci-fi resurgence of the mid-late 1990s. The film was released worldwide on July 3, 1996, but began showing on July 2 (the same day the film's story begins) in limited release as a result of a high level of anticipation among moviegoers. The film received positive reviews and grossed over $817.4 million worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1996 and the second-highest-grossing film ever at the time, behind Jurassic Park (1993). The film won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing. A sequel, Independence Day: Resurgence, was released 20 years later on June 24, 2016, making up the first part of a planned series of films.\n\n", "Q249647": "Arkady Iosifovich Vaksberg (Russian:\u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433) (11 November 1927 \u2013 8 May 2011) was a Soviet and Russian investigative journalist, writer on historical subjects, film maker and playwright.", "Q3438855": "Roger Cukierman (born 1936) is a French banker, businessman and Jewish philanthropist. He serves as the President of the Conseil Repr\u00e9sentatif des Institutions juives de France (CRIF) and Vice President of the World Jewish Congress.", "Q292043": "Elly de Groen-Kouwenhoven (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025bli d\u0259 \u02c8\u0263ru\u014b\u02c8k\u028cu\u032f\u0259(n)\u02cc\u0266o\u02d0v\u0259(n)]; born 23 December 1949 in The Hague as Elly Kouwenhoven, and now generally known as Els de Groen) is a Dutch author and politician, who served as a Member of the European Parliament 2004\u20132009. She was a member of Europe Transparent, which sat with the Greens/EFA party group. As a MEP, she was a member of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and the Committee on Petitions, as well as a member of the delegation to the EU\u2013Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee and a substitute for the delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Europe.", "Q1441251": "Fred Lipsius (born 19 November 1943 in the Bronx) is the original saxophonist and arranger for the jazz-rock band Blood, Sweat & Tears, for which he played alto saxophone and piano. He was with the band from 1967 to 1971.\nBefore Blood, Sweat & Tears, Lipsius played with the Ronn Metcalfe Orchestra.\nLipsius has performed with Simon & Garfunkel, Janis Joplin, and jazz greats Cannonball Adderley, Thelonious Monk, Zoot Sims, Eddie G\u00f3mez, Al Foster, George Mraz, Larry Willis, Randy Brecker, and Rodney Jones. He has written music for and performed on over 30 CDs as both a leader and sideman. He has authored six books on jazz improvisation and jazz reading.\nLipsius now teaches at Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts, USA.", "Q125057": "Sir Richard Francis Burton (; 19 March 1821 \u2013 20 October 1890) was a British explorer, geographer, translator, writer, soldier, orientalist, cartographer, ethnologist, spy, linguist, poet, fencer, and diplomat. He was famed for his travels and explorations in Asia, Africa and the Americas, as well as his extraordinary knowledge of languages and cultures. According to one count, he spoke 29 European, Asian and African languages.Burton's best-known achievements include: a well-documented journey to Mecca in disguise, at a time when Europeans were forbidden access on pain of death; an unexpurgated translation of One Thousand and One Nights (commonly called The Arabian Nights in English after early translations of Antoine Galland's French version); the publication of the Kama Sutra in English; a translation of The Perfumed Garden, the Arab Kama Sutra; and a journey with John Hanning Speke as the first Europeans to visit the Great Lakes of Africa in search of the source of the Nile.\nHis works and letters extensively criticised colonial policies of the British Empire, even to the detriment of his career. Although he aborted his university studies, he became a prolific and erudite author and wrote numerous books and scholarly articles about subjects including human behaviour, travel, falconry, fencing, sexual practices and ethnography. A characteristic feature of his books is the copious footnotes and appendices containing remarkable observations and information. William Henry Wilkins wrote: \"So far as I can gather from all I have learned, the chief value of Burton\u2019s version of The Scented Garden lay not so much in his translation of the text, though that of course was admirably done, as in the copious notes and explanations which he had gathered together for the purpose of annotating the book. He had made this subject a study of years. For the notes of the book alone he had been collecting material for thirty years, though his actual translation of it only took him eighteen months.\"Burton was a captain in the army of the East India Company, serving in India, and later briefly in the Crimean War. Following this, he was engaged by the Royal Geographical Society to explore the east coast of Africa, where he led an expedition guided by locals and was the first European known to have seen Lake Tanganyika. In later life, he served as British consul in Fernando P\u00f3 (now Bioko, Equatorial Guinea), Santos in Brazil, Damascus (Ottoman Syria) and finally in Trieste. He was a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and was awarded a knighthood in 1886.", "Q501316": "Giovanni Battista Caproni, 1st Count of Taliedo (July 3, 1886 \u2013 October 27, 1957), known as \"Gianni\" Caproni, was an Italian aeronautical engineer, civil engineer, electrical engineer, and aircraft designer who founded the Caproni aircraft-manufacturing company.", "Q1066419": "Charles Terres Weymann (2 August 1889 \u2013 1976) was a Haitian-born early aeroplane racing pilot and businessman. During World War I he flew for Nieuport as a test pilot and was awarded the rank of Chevalier of the Legion of Honour.\n\n", "Q96273": "Heinz Czechowski (7 February 1935 \u2013 21 October 2009) was a German poet and dramatist.\nAt the age of ten, Czechowski survived the highly destructive bombing of his birthplace of Dresden. After training in surveying and graphic design, he studied at the Johannes R. Becher Institute of Literature in Leipzig, where he was strongly influenced by Georg Maurer and the Saxon school. His first published poems appeared in 1957 in an issue of Neue Deutsche Literatur. From 1961 to 1965, he worked at the Mitteldeutscher Verlag publishing house in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt. Between 1971 and 1973, he wrote plays for the city of Magdeburg, after which he became a freelance writer.\nCzechowski produced free translations of the work of foreign poets (e.g. Anna Akhmatova, Mikhail Lermontov, Marina Tsvetaeva, and Yiannis Ritsos). He was a founding member of the Leipzig Free Academy of the Arts.", "Q457622": "Deborah Cox (born July 13, 1974) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer. Born and raised in Toronto, Cox began performing on television commercials at age 12, and entered various talent shows in her teenage years before becoming a professional backing vocalist for Celine Dion. In 1994, she relocated to the United States and was signed to Arista Records by Clive Davis, releasing her self-titled debut album the following year. Her second studio album One Wish (1998) was certified platinum in the United States and was marked by the commercial success of the pop crossover single \"Nobody's Supposed to Be Here\", which would become Cox's most successful entry on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at number two and remaining there for eight consecutive weeks. Cox signed with J Records for her third studio album The Morning After (2002), which saw moderate commercial success.\nCox ventured into acting in the 2000s, making her film debut in the Canadian drama film Love Come Down (2000) and her stage debut in 2004, in the title role in the Broadway musical Aida. She has since appeared in smaller films and several musical productions, including the horror-drama Jekyll & Hyde, the biographical musical Josephine and the musical adaptation of The Bodyguard. Cox's most recent studio albums, Destination Moon (2007) and The Promise (2008), have been released through her own independent record label, Deco Recording Group. In 2017, her single \"Let the World Be Ours Tonight\" became her 13th number-one hit on Billboard's Dance Club Songs over the span of three consecutive decades. In 2016, Billboard listed Cox at 23rd on its list of the Greatest of All Time Top Dance Club Artists. An eight-time Juno Award nominee, she has won four awards and is often cited as Canada's top R&B artist.", "Q177077": "The Principal is a 1987 crime thriller action film starring Jim Belushi, Louis Gossett, Jr. and Rae Dawn Chong. It was written by Frank Deese and directed by Christopher Cain. It was filmed in Oakland, California and at Northgate High School in nearby Walnut Creek and distributed by TriStar Pictures on Panavision. Belushi reprised his role as Rick Latimer in the 1990 film Abraxas, Guardian of the Universe.", "Q89353": "Thomas Steiner [\u02c8sta\u026an\u0259r](born 1956), is an Austrian experimental film director of short films, and painter.\nHe was born in 1956 in Wels, Austria. He studied at the College of Design in Linz and at the Academy of Applied Arts in Vienna. 1979 he was one of the founders of the Stadtwerkstatt, Linz. In 1986 he established a Studio for Experimental Animation Film. He has won various awards for his works.\nThomas Steiner is member of the Upper Austrian Artists Club, ASIFA Austria and the Wiener K\u00fcnstlerhaus.\nSince 1984 participation in filmfestivals all over the world.\nSince 1990 many solo shows and participations in Austria, Germany, Italy and USA.\nAwards:\n\n1994 3. Preis beim Kunstwettbewerb des Kulturrings der O\u00d6 Wirtschaft\n1995 Preis des Landes Salzburg beim 24. \u00d6sterreichischen Grafikwettbwerb\n1996 1. Preis beim Kunstwettbewerb der Bau - Holding, Klagenfurt, O\u00d6. Landeskulturpreis f\u00fcr Experimentalfilm\n1998 Honorable Mention, Expo of Short Film & Video, New York,\n1999 Honorable Mention, Film Festival of Ann Arbor, USA,\n2005 Nominierung f\u00fcr den Medienkunstpreis des SWR.\n2011 Irseer Pegasus\n\n", "Q63952": "Max Simon (6 January 1899 \u2013 1 February 1961) was a German SS commander and war criminal during World War II. Simon was one of the first members of the SS in the early 1930s. He rose through the ranks of the SS, and became a corps commander during World War II. After the war, Simon was convicted for his role in the Marzabotto massacre.", "Q822146": "A lyricist or lyrist is a person who writes lyrics\u2014words for songs\u2014as opposed to a composer, who writes the song's music which may include but not limited to the melody, harmony, arrangement and accompaniment.", "Q513712": "Pony Canyon Inc. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30dd\u30cb\u30fc\u30ad\u30e3\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3, Kabushiki gaisha Pon\u012b Kyanion), also known by the shorthand form Ponican (\u307d\u306b\u304d\u3083\u3093, Ponikyan), is a Japanese company, established on October 1, 1966, which publishes music, DVD and VHS videos, movies, and video games. It is affiliated with the Japanese media group Fujisankei Communications Group. Pony Canyon is a major leader in the music industry in Japan, with its artists regularly at the top of the Japanese charts. Pony Canyon is also responsible for releasing taped concerts from its artists as well as many anime productions and several film productions.\nPony Canyon is headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Malaysia and South Korea. It employs approximately 360 people. Pony Canyon also owns the recording label Flight Master.", "Q183848": "Alija Izetbegovi\u0107 (Bosnian pronunciation: [\u01celija \u01d0zedbe\u0261o\u028bit\u0255]; 8 August 1925 \u2013 19 October 2003) was a Bosnian politician, lawyer and author, who in 1992 became the first President of the Presidency of the newly-independent Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He served in this role until 1996, when he became a member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, serving until 2000.\nIzetbegovi\u0107 was also the author of several books, most notably Islam Between East and West and the Islamic Declaration.", "Q347118": "Hristo Botev (Bulgarian: \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0432, pronounced [\u02c8xristo \u02c8b\u0254t\u025bf]), born Hristo Botyov Petkov (\u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0432 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432; 6 January 1848 [O.S. 25 December 1847] \u2013 1 June [O.S. 20 May] 1876), was a Bulgarian revolutionary and poet. Botev is widely considered by Bulgarians to be a symbolic historical figure and national hero.", "Q117783": "Hugo Maurice Julien Claus (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0266y\u0263o\u02d0 \u02c8kl\u028cu\u032fs]; 5 April 1929 \u2013 19 March 2008) was a leading Belgian author who published under his own name as well as various pseudonyms. Claus' literary contributions spanned the genres of drama, the novel, and poetry; he also left a legacy as a painter and film director. He wrote primarily in Dutch, although he also wrote some poetry in English.\nHis death by euthanasia, which is legal in Belgium, led to considerable controversy.", "Q467939": "Anne Akiko Meyers (born May 15, 1970) is an American concert violinist. Meyers was the top-selling classical instrumentalist of 2014 on Billboard's traditional classical charts.", "Q128573": "Ichir\u014d Matsui (\u677e\u4e95\u4e00\u90ce, Matsui Ichir\u014d, born 31 January 1964) is a Japanese politician who is the current mayor of Osaka and the leader of the Osaka Restoration Association (ORA) and co-leader of Nippon Ishin no Kai alongside Toranosuke Katayama.", "Q931890": "John Godfrey Morris (December 7, 1916 \u2013 July 28, 2017) was an American picture editor, author and journalist, and an important figure in the history of photojournalism.", "Q441726": "Esther Freud (born 2 May 1963) is a British novelist.", "Q8018": "Augustine of Hippo (; 13 November 354 \u2013 28 August 430 AD) was a Catholic bishop and theologian, a Roman African having Chaouis Berber origins, doctor of the Church, and Neoplatonic philosopher from Numidia whose writings influenced the development of the Western Church and Western philosophy, and indirectly all of Western Christianity. He was the bishop of Hippo Regius in North Africa and is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers of the Latin Church for his writings in the Patristic Period. Among his most important works are The City of God, De doctrina Christiana, and Confessions.\nAccording to his contemporary, Jerome, Augustine \"established anew the ancient Faith\". In his youth he was drawn to Manichaeism and later to neoplatonism. After his baptism and conversion to Christianity in 386, Augustine developed his own approach to philosophy and theology, accommodating a variety of methods and perspectives. Believing that the grace of Christ was indispensable to human freedom, he helped formulate the doctrine of original sin and made seminal contributions to the development of just war theory. When the Western Roman Empire began to disintegrate, Augustine imagined the Church as a spiritual City of God, distinct from the material Earthly City. His thoughts profoundly influenced the medieval worldview. The segment of the Church that adhered to the concept of the Trinity as defined by the Council of Nicaea and the Council of Constantinople closely identified with Augustine's On the Trinity.\nAugustine is recognized as a saint in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches, and the Anglican Communion and as a preeminent Doctor of the Church. He is also the patron of the Augustinians. His memorial is celebrated on 28 August, the day of his death. Augustine is the patron saint of brewers, printers, theologians, and a number of cities and dioceses. Many Protestants, especially Calvinists and Lutherans, consider him to be one of the theological fathers of the Protestant Reformation due to his teachings on salvation and divine grace. Protestant Reformers generally, and Martin Luther in particular, held Augustine in preeminence among early Church Fathers. Luther himself was, from 1505 to 1521, a member of the Order of the Augustinian Eremites.\nIn the East, his teachings are more disputed, and were notably attacked by John Romanides. But other theologians and figures of the Eastern Orthodox Church have shown significant approbation of his writings, chiefly Georges Florovsky. The most controversial doctrine associated with him, the filioque, was rejected by the Eastern Orthodox Churches as heretic teaching. Other disputed teachings include his views on original sin, the doctrine of grace, and predestination. Nevertheless, though considered to be mistaken on some points, he is still considered a saint, and has even had influence on some Eastern Church Fathers, most notably Gregory Palamas. In the Eastern Orthodox Churches his feast day is celebrated on 15 June. Historian Diarmaid MacCulloch has written: \"Augustine's impact on Western Christian thought can hardly be overstated; only his beloved example Paul of Tarsus, has been more influential, and Westerners have generally seen Paul through Augustine's eyes.\"", "Q75856": "Felix Hausdorff (November 8, 1868 \u2013 January 26, 1942) was a German mathematician who is considered to be one of the founders of modern topology and who contributed significantly to set theory, descriptive set theory, measure theory, function theory, and functional analysis.\nLife became difficult for Hausdorff and his family after Kristallnacht in 1938. The next year he initiated efforts to emigrate to the United States, but was unable to make arrangements to receive a research fellowship. On 26 January 1942, Felix Hausdorff, along with his wife and his sister-in-law, committed suicide by taking an overdose of veronal, rather than comply with German orders to move to the Endenich camp, and there suffer the likely implications, about which he held no illusions.\n\n", "Q1282727": "Edwin Leon Chamblee (24 February 1920 \u2013 1 May 1999), known as Eddie \"Long Gone\" Chamblee, was an American tenor and alto saxophonist, and occasional vocalist, who played jazz and R&B.\n\n", "Q87418": "Johann Olearius (17 September 1611 \u2013 24 April 1684) was a German hymnwriter, preacher, and academic.\nOlearius taught philosophy at his alma mater, the University of Wittenberg. He also served as a court preacher and chaplain. He compiled \"one of the largest and most important German hymnals\" of the 1600s. His hymn \"Gelobet sei der Herr, mein Gott\" is the base for the chorale cantata Gelobet sei der Herr, mein Gott, BWV 129, by Johann Sebastian Bach, who also included a stanza of \"Tr\u00f6stet, tr\u00f6stet meine Lieben\" (Comfort, comfort ye my people) in his cantatas Freue dich, erl\u00f6ste Schar, BWV 30.", "Q63852480": "AB6IX (Korean: \uc5d0\uc774\ube44\uc2dd\uc2a4; pronounced as \"A B Six\") is a five-member South Korean boy group formed by Brand New Music in 2019, consisting of Lim Young-min, Jeon Woong, Kim Dong-hyun, Park Woo-jin and Lee Dae-hwi.\nThe group debuted on May 22, 2019, with their first EP titled B Complete.", "Q732016": "Joseph Woodman \"Joe\" Lutcher (23 December 1919 \u2013 29 October 2006) was an American R&B saxophonist and bandleader, the younger brother of singer Nellie Lutcher. He performed and recorded successfully in the 1940s, but later abandoned a commercial musical career and became an outspoken member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.", "Q504508": "Rodney McKinnie Alexander (born December 5, 1946) is an American politician and member of the Republican Party who served as the Secretary of the Louisiana Department of Veterans Affairs from September 30, 2013 until June 3, 2014. Previously he was the U.S. Representative for Louisiana's 5th congressional district from 2003 to 2013. First elected as a Democrat, he changed parties a half hour before the filing deadline on August 6, 2004. He was re-elected as a Republican five times. His district covered twenty-four parishes in roughly the northeast quadrant of the state but stretched much further south as a result of the 2010 census.\nOn August 6, 2013, Alexander announced that he would not seek a seventh term in the House in the 2014 congressional elections. He cited his weariness with partisanship in Washington, D.C. as the primary reason for his decision to retire. On August 7, Alexander moved up his timetable for departure from Congress. He resigned his seat effective September 27; a special election was held to replace him, and an upset victory went to a political newcomer without support from the Republican leadership, Vance McAllister, a businessman from Monroe, who was defeated for a full term in the 2014 midterm elections.\nAlexander joined the administration of Governor Bobby Jindal as the new secretary of the Louisiana Department of Veterans Affairs but remained in that post for only eight months. Upon resigning as veterans affairs secretary, Alexander did not indicate his future plans, but an aide told media representatives that Alexander is looking at opportunities in the private sector and would not be running for political office in the future.", "Q99626": "Christian Brentano (24 January 1784, Frankfurt \u2013 27 October 1851, Frankfurt) was a German writer and Catholic publicist. He was the brother of Clemens Brentano and Bettina von Arnim, famous German writers of the Romantic school, and the father of the philosopher Franz Brentano.\nBrentano is noted for editing and releasing nine volumes of his brother's work in 1851\u201355. He survived Clemens, who actually died in 1842 while visiting Christian in Aschaffenburg.", "Q382244": "John Everett Otto is an American musician best known as the drummer and founding member of American rap rock band Limp Bizkit.\n\n", "Q9306": "Eberswalde (German pronunciation: [\u02cc\u0294e\u02d0b\u0250s\u02c8vald\u0259]) is a major town and the administrative seat of the district Barnim in the German State (Bundesland / federated state) of Brandenburg, about 50 km northeast of Berlin. Population 42,144 (census in June 2005), geographical location 52\u00b050\u2032N 13\u00b050\u2032E. The town is often called Waldstadt (forest town), because of the large forests around it, including the Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve. Despite this fact, Eberswalde was an important industrial center until the German Reunification.", "Q285259": "Aleksander Majkowski (Kashubian: Aleksander Majk\u00f2wsczi; 17 July 1876 \u2013 10 February 1938) was a Kashubian writer, poet, journalist, editor, activist, and physician. He was the most important figure in the Kashubian movement before World War II. He was the editor of \"Gryf\" (The Griffin) and author of the greatest Kashubian novel \u017b\u00ebc\u00e9 i przigod\u00eb Remusa (\"The Life and Adventures of Remus\"), and The History of the Kashubs.", "Q981835": "Yossi Melman (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9 \u05de\u05dc\u05de\u05df, born December 27, 1950) is an Israeli writer and journalist. He was an intelligence and strategic affairs correspondent for the Haaretz newspaper, and in 2013 he joined The Jerusalem Post and its Hebrew sister paper Maariv in a similar, more analytical role covering also military issues. In 2019 he returned to Haaretz.", "Q249121": "Qal\u0101w\u016bn a\u1e63-\u1e62\u0101li\u1e25\u012b (Arabic: \u0642\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u200e, c. 1222 \u2013 November 10, 1290) was the seventh Bahri Mamluk sultan; he ruled Egypt from 1279 to 1290.\n\n", "Q766447": "The Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Portuguese: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS; known as Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul, URGS, between 1947 and 1950) is a Brazilian federal university based in Porto Alegre. UFRGS is among the largest and highest-rated universities in Brazil, having one of the largest number of scientific publications. UFRGS has over 31,000 undergraduate students, over 12,000 graduate students, and more than 2,600 faculty members. As a Brazilian public federal institution, students do not pay tuition fees to enroll in courses offered by the university. To be admitted to one of the programs offered by UFRGS, a candidate must be approved in a yearly competitive exam, called vestibular.", "Q443131": "Charles Martin Hall (December 6, 1863 \u2013 December 27, 1914) was an American inventor, businessman, and chemist. He is best known for his invention in 1886 of an inexpensive method for producing aluminum, which became the first metal to attain widespread use since the prehistoric discovery of iron. He was one of the founders of Alcoa. Alfred E. Hunt, together with Charles Hall and a group of five other individuals \u2013 his partner at the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, George Hubbard Clapp; his chief chemist, W. S. Sample; Howard Lash, head of the Carbon Steel Company; Millard Hunsiker, sales manager for the Carbon Steel Company; and Robert Scott, a mill superintendent for the Carnegie Steel Company \u2013 raised $20,000 to launch the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, which was later renamed Aluminum Company of America and shortened to Alcoa.\n\n", "Q125731": "Ehud Barak (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05b5\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3 \u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05e8\u05b8\u05e7 , born Ehud Brog; 12 February 1942) is an Israeli general and politician who served as the tenth Prime Minister from 1999 to 2001. He was leader of the Labor Party until January 2011. He previously held the posts of Minister of Defense and Deputy Prime Minister under Ehud Olmert and then in Benjamin Netanyahu's second government from 2007 to 2013, as he retired from politics at the end of the tenure, though he returned in June 2019 with the formation of a new party.A Rav Aluf (Lieutenant general) in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Barak shares with two others the honor of being the most highly decorated soldier in Israel's history, having taken part in many battles and combat missions. He was appointed Chief of General Staff in 1991, serving until 1995. He is a graduate in physics, mathematics, and economics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Stanford University.", "Q2253": "Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (; 236\u2013183 BC), also known as Scipio Africanus the Elder and Scipio the Great, was a Roman general and later consul who is often regarded as one of the greatest military commanders and strategists of all time. His main achievements were during the Second Punic War. He is best known for defeating Hannibal at the final Battle of Zama (near modern Zama, Tunisia) in 202 BC. The victory was one of the feats that earned him the agnomen Africanus.\nScipio's conquest of Carthaginian Iberia culminated in the Battle of Ilipa (near Alcal\u00e1 del R\u00edo, Spain) in 206 BC against Hannibal's brother Mago Barca. Although considered a hero by the Roman people, primarily for his victories against Carthage, Africanus had many opponents, especially Cato the Censor, who hated him deeply. In 187 BC, he was even tried alongside his brother for bribes they supposedly received from King Antiochos III during the Roman\u2013Seleucid War. Disillusioned by the ingratitude of his peers, Scipio left Rome and retired from public life at his villa in Liternum.", "Q259332": "Once Upon a Time in China III is a 1993 Hong Kong\u2013Chinese martial arts film written, produced and directed by Tsui Hark, starring Jet Li as Chinese martial arts master and folk hero of Cantonese ethnicity, Wong Fei-hung. It is the third instalment in the Once Upon a Time in China film series.", "Q256001": "Heidi Anneli Hautala (born 14 November 1955) is a Finnish politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Finland. She is a member of the Green League, part of the European Green Party.\nShe is currently a Member of the European Parliament for the third time. Previously she held the post from 1995 to 2003 and 2009 to 2011 when she chaired the Subcommittee on Human Rights 2009\u20132011. She served as minister for international development and ownership steering issues in Jyrki Katainen's cabinet.", "Q541054": "J\u00f3zsef Bajza (31 January 1804 \u2013 3 March 1858) was a Hungarian poet and critic.\nHe was born at Sz\u00fccsi and was first published in K\u00e1roly Kisfaludy's Aurora, a literary paper he edited from 1830 to 1837. He also contributed substantially to the Kritikai Lapok, the Athenaeum, and the Figyelmez\u0151 (Observer). His reviews of dramatic art were considered the best of these miscellaneous writings. In 1830 he published translations of some foreign dramas, Ausl\u00e4ndische B\u00fchne, and in 1835 a collection of his own poems. In 1837 he was made director of the newly established national theatre at Pest. He then, for some years, devoted himself to historical writing, and published in succession the Historical Library (T\u00f6rt\u00e9neti K\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r), 6 vols., 1843\u20131845; the Modern Plutarch (Uj Plutarch), 1845\u20131847; and the Universal History (Vil\u00e1gt\u00f6rt\u00e9net), 1847. These works are partly translations from German authors. In 1847 Bajza edited the journal of the opposition, Ellenor, at Leipzig, and in March 1848 Lajos Kossuth made him editor of his paper, Kossuth Hirlapja. In 1850 he fell ill with a brain disease, and he died in Pest in 1858.", "Q820037": "A miner is a person who extracts ore, coal, or other mineral from the earth through mining. There are two senses in which the term is used. In its narrowest sense, a miner is someone who works at the rock face; cutting, blasting, or otherwise working and removing the rock. In a broader sense, a \"miner\" is anyone working within a mine, not just a worker at the rock face.Mining is one of the most dangerous trades in the world. In some countries, miners lack social guarantees and in case of injury may be left to cope without assistance.\nIn regions with a long mining tradition, many communities have developed cultural traditions and aspects specific to the various regions, in the forms of particular equipment, symbolism, music, and the like.", "Q1401113": "Rafi Haladjian (Armenian: \u0550\u0561\u0586\u0586\u056b \u0540\u0561\u056c\u0561\u057b\u0575\u0561\u0576) born in Beirut, Lebanon in 1961) is a French serial entrepreneur of Armenian origin. He is the co-creator of the wireless-connected rabbit Nabaztag, a smart object of the Internet of Things. He is currently CEO of Sen.se.", "Q123340": "Jean-Luc Benoziglio (19 November 1941 \u2013 5 December 2013) was a Swiss writer and publishing editor.Born in Monthey, Valais, Benoziglio studied at the University of Lausanne before dropping out. Among the features of Benoziglios works include: black humor and influences of the Nouveau roman and Oulipo.Jean-Luc Benoziglio died on 5 December 2013, aged 72, in Paris, France, where he had lived since 1967.", "Q209505": "The Ward is a 2010 American supernatural psychological horror film directed by John Carpenter and starring Amber Heard, Mamie Gummer, Danielle Panabaker, Laura-Leigh, Lyndsy Fonseca and Jared Harris. Set in 1966, the film chronicles a young woman who is institutionalized after setting fire to a house, and who finds herself haunted by the ghost of a former inmate at the psychiatric ward.The film was shot on location at the Eastern State Hospital in Medical Lake, Washington.", "Q465690": "Shara Nelson (born 1965) is a British singer and songwriter. She worked with Massive Attack in the early 1990s, and as a solo artist garnered five UK Top 40 hit singles. Her 1993 debut album, What Silence Knows, was shortlisted for the Mercury Music Prize.", "Q16473": "Stephen Glenn Martin (born August 14, 1945) is an American actor, comedian, writer, and musician. Martin came to public notice in the 1960s as a writer for The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, and later as a frequent guest on The Tonight Show. In the 1970s, Martin performed his offbeat, absurdist comedy routines before packed houses on national tours. Since the 1980s, having branched away from comedy, Martin has become a successful actor, as well as an author, playwright, pianist, and banjo player, eventually earning him Emmy, Grammy, and American Comedy awards, among other honors.\nIn 2004, Comedy Central ranked Martin at sixth place in a list of the 100 greatest stand-up comics. He was awarded an Honorary Academy Award at the Academy's 5th Annual Governors Awards in 2013.While he has played banjo since an early age, and included music in his comedy routines from the beginning of his professional career, he has increasingly dedicated his career to music since the 2000s, acting less and spending much of his professional life playing banjo, recording, and touring with various bluegrass acts, including Earl Scruggs, with whom he won a Grammy for Best Country Instrumental Performance in 2002. He released his first solo music album, The Crow: New Songs for the 5-String Banjo, in 2009, for which he won the Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Album.", "Q455753": "Mikhail Leontyevich Mil (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u041b\u0435\u043e\u0301\u043d\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u043b\u044c; 22 November 1909 \u2013 31 January 1970) was a Russian aerospace engineer and scientist. He was the founder and general designer of the Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant.", "Q46134670": "Stray Kids (Korean: \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc774 \ud0a4\uc988; RR: Seuteurei kijeu; often abbreviated as SKZ) is a South Korean boy band formed by JYP Entertainment through the 2017 reality show of the same name. The group is composed of eight members: Bang Chan, Lee Know, Changbin, Hyunjin, Han, Felix, Seungmin, and I.N. Originally a nine-piece group, member Woojin left Stray Kids due to undisclosed personal reasons in October 2019. The group released their extended play Mixtape in January 2018 and officially debuted on March 25 with I Am Not.", "Q221289": "Engelbert Humperdinck (born Arnold George Dorsey, 2 May 1936) is an English pop singer. Humperdinck has been described as \"one of the finest middle-of-the-road balladeers around.\" His singles \"Release Me\" and \"The Last Waltz\" both topped the UK music charts in 1967, and sold more than a million copies each. In North America, he also had chart successes with \"After the Lovin'\" (1976) and \"This Moment in Time\" (1979). He has sold more than 140 million records worldwide.", "Q4622": "Francesco Filelfo (Latin: Franciscus Philelphus; July 25, 1398 \u2013 July 31, 1481) was an Italian Renaissance humanist.", "Q320815": "Abigail Anne \"Abi\" Tucker (born 22 January 1973) is an Australian singer-songwriter and actress. She has had roles in television series-telemovies in Heartbreak High (1994-1995), Water Rats (1999), Wildside (1999), The Secret Life of Us (2001-2003), My Husband, my Killer (2001), McLeod's Daughters (2006-2009), Giggle and Hoot (2010) ABC's Playschool (2006-2010); and in films The New Girlfriend (original title: Envy) (1996), Angst (2000) and The Wog Boy (2000). Her theatre credits include The Vagina Monologues (2000), Everything's F***ed workshop (2003), The Music and Lyrics of Sean Peter (2003), Breakfast with Jonny Wilkinson (2005), Poor Boy \u2013 Music of Tim Finn (2010) and Bell Shakespeare's As You Like It (2015).", "Q379960": "Driss Chra\u00efbi (July 15, 1926, El Jadida \u2013 April 1, 2007, Dr\u00f4me, France) was a Moroccan author whose novels deal with colonialism, culture clashes, generational conflict and the treatment of women and are often semi-autobiographical.Born in El Jadida and educated in Casablanca, Chra\u00efbi went to Paris in 1946 to study chemistry before turning to literature and journalism.", "Q151098": "Lucien Bonaparte, Prince Fran\u00e7ais, 1st Prince of Canino and Musignano (born Luciano Buonaparte; 21 May 1775 \u2013 29 June 1840), the third surviving son of Carlo Bonaparte and his wife Letizia Ramolino, was a French statesman, who served as the final President of the Council of Five Hundred at the end of the French Revolution.\nLucien was a younger brother of Joseph and Napoleon Bonaparte, and an older brother of Elisa, Louis, Pauline, Caroline and J\u00e9r\u00f4me Bonaparte. Lucien held genuinely revolutionary views, which led to an often abrasive relationship with his brother Napoleon, who seized control of the French government in 1799, when Lucien was 24.", "Q171348": "The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Korona Kr\u00f3lestwa Polskiego; Latin: Corona Regni Poloniae), known as the Polish Crown, or the Crown, is the common name for the historic Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, including the Kingdom of Poland proper. The Polish Crown was at the helm of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1795.", "Q169507": "Riad Seif (Arabic: \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u200e; born 25 November 1946) is a Syrian political dissident and prominent businessman who founded and led the Forum for National Dialogue. Seif was elected to the Parliament of Syria in 1994 as an independent and again in 1998. For several years he owned an Adidas franchise in Damascus.", "Q318352": "Felice Beato (1832 \u2013 29 January 1909), also known as Felix Beato, was an Italian\u2013British photographer. He was one of the first people to take photographs in East Asia and one of the first war photographers. He is noted for his genre works, portraits, and views and panoramas of the architecture and landscapes of Asia and the Mediterranean region. Beato's travels gave him the opportunity to create images of countries, people, and events that were unfamiliar and remote to most people in Europe and North America. His work provides images of such events as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the Second Opium War, and represents the first substantial body of photojournalism. He influenced other photographers, and his influence in Japan, where he taught and worked with numerous other photographers and artists, was particularly deep and lasting.", "Q436586": "Sakari Kukko, (full Name: Jyrki Sakari Kukko, born July 8, 1953, Kajaani, Finland) is a Finnish musician.", "Q139330": "Zachary Israel Braff (born April 6, 1975) is an American actor, director, screenwriter and producer. He is best known for his role as J. D. on the television series Scrubs (2001\u20132010), for which he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series in 2005 and for three Golden Globe Awards from 2005 to 2007. He starred in The Broken Hearts Club: A Romantic Comedy (2000), The Last Kiss (2006), The Ex (2006) and In Dubious Battle (2016), and has done voice-work for Chicken Little (2005), Oz the Great and Powerful (2013), and the Netflix series Bojack Horseman. \nIn 2004, Braff made his directorial debut with Garden State, which he also wrote, starred in, and compiled the soundtrack album for. He shot the film in his home state of New Jersey for a budget of $2.5 million. The film made over $35 million at the box office and was praised by critics, leading it to gain a cult following. He won numerous awards for his directing work and also won the Grammy Award for Best Soundtrack Album in 2005. Braff directed his second film, Wish I Was Here (2014), which he partially funded with a Kickstarter campaign.Braff appeared on stage in All New People, which he wrote and starred in. It premiered in New York City in 2011 before playing in London's West End. He also played the lead role in a musical adaptation of Woody Allen's Bullets Over Broadway in 2014.", "Q45765": "John Griffith London (born John Griffith Chaney; January 12, 1876 \u2013 November 22, 1916) was an American novelist, journalist, and social activist. A pioneer in the world of commercial magazine fiction, he was one of the first writers to become a worldwide celebrity and earn a large fortune from writing. He was also an innovator in the genre that would later become known as science fiction.His most famous works include The Call of the Wild and White Fang, both set in the Klondike Gold Rush, as well as the short stories \"To Build a Fire\", \"An Odyssey of the North\", and \"Love of Life\". He also wrote about the South Pacific in stories such as \"The Pearls of Parlay\", and \"The Heathen\".\nLondon was part of the radical literary group \"The Crowd\" in San Francisco and a passionate advocate of unionization, workers' rights, socialism, and eugenics. He wrote several works dealing with these topics, such as his dystopian novel The Iron Heel, his non-fiction expos\u00e9 The People of the Abyss, The War of the Classes, and Before Adam.\n\n", "Q22811612": "Norwegian Air International is an Irish low-cost airline and a fully integrated subsidiary of Norwegian Air Shuttle, using its corporate identity. It operates flights to destinations in Europe and the Middle East from several bases in Denmark, Finland, Spain, and the United Kingdom, and is headquartered at Dublin Airport. Between 2017 and 2019, it also offered services from Europe to the United States and Canada.", "Q1452205": "Fred Barthold Norman (March 21, 1882 \u2013 April 18, 1947) was a U.S. Representative from Washington.\nBorn on a farm near Martinsville, Illinois, Norman attended the public schools and was graduated from Martinsville High School.\nHe moved to Lebam, Washington, in 1901.\nHe worked on farms, in logging camps, sawmills, shingle mills, and shipyards 1901-1922.\nHe engaged in the wholesale and retail tobacco and candy business since 1922.\nHe served as member of the city council of Raymond, Washington from 1916 to 1918.\nHe served in the State house of representatives in 1919 and 1920.\nHe served as member of the State senate 1925-1935.\nNorman was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-eighth Congress (January 3, 1943 \u2013 January 3, 1945).\nHe was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1944 to the Seventy-ninth Congress.\nNorman was elected in 1946 to the Eightieth Congress and served from January 3, 1947, until his death in Washington, D.C., on April 18, 1947.\nHe was interred in Fern Hill Cemetery, Menlo, Washington.", "Q6138298": "James Luna (February 9, 1950 \u2013 March 4, 2018) was a Pay\u00f3mkawichum, Ipi, and Mexican-American performance artist, photographer and multimedia installation artist. His work is best known for challenging the ways in which conventional museum exhibitions depict Native Americans. With recurring themes of multiculturalism, alcoholism, and colonialism, his work was often comedic and theatrical in nature. In 2017 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.", "Q95034": "John Barrymore (born John Sidney Blyth; February 14 or 15, 1882 \u2013 May 29, 1942) was an American actor on stage, screen and radio. A member of the Drew and Barrymore theatrical families, he initially tried to avoid the stage, and briefly attempted a career as an artist, but appeared on stage together with his father Maurice in 1900, and then his sister Ethel the following year. He began his career in 1903 and first gained attention as a stage actor in light comedy, then high drama, culminating in productions of Justice (1916), Richard III (1920) and Hamlet (1922); his portrayal of Hamlet led to him being called the \"greatest living American tragedian\".After a success as Hamlet in London in 1925, Barrymore left the stage for 14 years and instead focused entirely on films. In the silent film era, he was well received in such pictures as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1920), Sherlock Holmes (1922) and The Sea Beast (1926). During this period, he gained his nickname, the Great Profile. His stage-trained voice proved an asset when sound films were introduced, and three of his works, Grand Hotel (1932), Twentieth Century (1934) and Midnight (1939) have been inducted into the National Film Registry.\nBarrymore's personal life has been the subject of much attention before and since his death. He struggled with alcohol abuse from the age of 14, was married and divorced four times, and declared bankruptcy later in life. Much of his later work involved self-parody and the portrayal of drunken has-beens. His obituary in The Washington Post observed that \"with the passing of the years \u2013 and as his private life became more public \u2013 he became, despite his genius in the theater, a tabloid character.\" Although film historians have opined that Barrymore's \"contribution to the art of cinematic acting began to fade\" after the mid-1930s, Barrymore's biographer, Martin Norden, considers him to be \"perhaps the most influential and idolized actor of his day\".", "Q4756163": "Andrew A. Lanyi (May 27, 1925 \u2013 August 4, 2009) was a well renowned stock broker, analyst, World War II forced labourer, investor and author who became one of the most successful and well known stock brokers of the 20th century.", "Q132265": "Therav\u0101da (; P\u0101li, lit. \"School of the Elders\") is the most commonly accepted name of Buddhism's oldest extant school. The school's adherents, termed Therav\u0101dins, have preserved their version of Gautama Buddha's teaching in the P\u0101li Canon. The P\u0101li Canon is the only complete Buddhist canon surviving in a classical Indian language, P\u0101li, which serves as the school's sacred language and lingua franca. For over a millennium, therav\u0101dins have endeavored to preserve the dhamma as recorded in their school's texts. In contrast to Mah\u0101y\u0101na and Vajray\u0101na, Therav\u0101da tends to be conservative in matters of doctrine and monastic discipline.Modern Therav\u0101da derives from the Mah\u0101vih\u0101ra sect, a Sri Lankan branch of the Vibhajjav\u0101dins, a sub-sect of the Indian Sthavira Nikaya, which began to establish itself on the island from the 3rd century BCE onwards. It was in Sri Lanka that the P\u0101li Canon was written down and the school's commentary literature developed.\nFrom Sri Lanka, the Therav\u0101da Mah\u0101vih\u0101ra tradition subsequently spread to the rest of Southeast Asia. It is the dominant religion in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand and is practiced by minorities in India, Bangladesh, China, Nepal, and Vietnam. The diaspora of all of these groups, as well as converts around the world, also practice Therav\u0101da.\nDuring the modern era, new developments have included Buddhist modernism, the Vipassana movement which reinvigorated Therav\u0101da meditation practice and the Thai Forest Tradition which reemphasized forest monasticism.", "Q516124": "Fritz Tschannen (13 May 1920 \u2013 23 March 2011) was a Swiss accordion player and former ski jumper who competed at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz. Born in Saint-Imier, he received his first accordion at the age of five and gave his first solo concert three years later. By the age of 18 he was working as an accordion teacher, in addition to ski jumping out of Skiclub Adelboden.", "Q2835435": "Alfred Rouleau, (August 19, 1915 \u2013 October 19, 1985) was a Canadian businessman and President of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration du Qu\u00e9bec des Caisses Populaires Desjardins, Quebec's largest credit union.\nBorn in Sherbrooke, Quebec, he was elected President of Desjardins in 1972 and served until 1981.", "Q727355": "Kittie is a Canadian heavy metal band formed in London, Ontario in 1996. All of their material has been released through independent record labels, which to date includes six studio albums, one video album, four extended plays, thirteen singles, and thirteen music videos. \"Kittie\" was chosen as the band name because the name \"seemed contradictory.\"Kittie formed in 1996 when Fallon Bowman and Mercedes Lander met in gym class. Morgan Lander became the lead vocalist and one of Kittie's guitarists and Tanya Candler completed the band's lineup on bass. After signing to NG Records, Kittie released their debut album Spit, which was certified gold by the RIAA and sold at least 600,000 copies in the United States. The band released Oracle in 2001 and Until the End in 2004. In 2005, Kittie parted ways with Artemis Records and created their own label. The band released Funeral for Yesterday in 2007 and signed to E1 Music in 2009. The band released In the Black in 2009 and I've Failed You in 2011. In 2014, Kittie made a documentary as a 20th anniversary of the band.\nKittie has been categorized under multiple heavy metal subgenres, including death metal, nu metal, and alternative metal.", "Q5362318": "Elizabeth Ann Smith Whitney (December 26, 1800 \u2013 February 15, 1882) was an early Latter Day Saint leader, and wife to Newel K. Whitney, another early Latter Day Saint leader. She went by her middle name, Ann.", "Q4585397": "The Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze (\"academy of fine arts of Florence\") is an instructional art academy in Florence, in Tuscany, in central Italy. \nIt was founded by Cosimo I de' Medici in 1563, under the influence of Giorgio Vasari. Michelangelo Buonarroti, Benvenuto Cellini and other significant artists have been associated with it. \nLike other state art academies in Italy, it became an autonomous degree-awarding institution under law no. 508 dated 21 December 1999, and falls under the Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca, the Italian ministry of education and research.The adjacent (but unaffiliated) Galleria dell'Accademia houses the original David by Michelangelo.", "Q414041": "The Academy of Fine Arts Nuremberg (German: Akademie der Bildenden K\u00fcnste N\u00fcrnberg) was founded in 1662 by Jacob von Sandrart and is the oldest art academy in German-speaking Central Europe.\nThe art academy is situated in Nuremberg.\nClasses include studies in fine arts, sculpture, visual arts, painting, artistic concepts, art education, gold- and silversmithing, as well as graphic design. There are master courses in Architecture and Urban Studies, and Art and Public Space.\nTeaching takes place today in an ensemble of transparent pavilions that were designed by German architect Sep Ruf and have been classified as an historical monument. Located at the edge of the city, the campus offers an intensive work atmosphere. In the exhibition hall of the Academy and in the Gallery of the Academy, young artists publicly present their work. In addition to the main location in Nuremberg's Zerzabelshof district, the college has been using space in the historical imperial castle in Lauf since 1985 as a branch location in which to accommodate the art education and art pedagogy classes.\nPartnerships with art-universities in Western and Eastern Europe\u2014Hungarian University of Fine Arts, Academy of Fine Arts, Helsinki, Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts-Cracow, Palermo, Riga, Sassari, Urbino, University of Applied Arts Vienna, Academy of Fine Arts Vienna\u2014make it possible for students to complete part of their course of study abroad.", "Q172641": "William Aston (29 March 1900 \u2013 4 March 1974) was a British racing driver who participated in three World Championship Grands Prix, in 1952 when the championship was run to Formula Two rules, for his own team Aston Butterworth.\n\n", "Q123368": "Annemarie Minna Ren\u00e9e Schwarzenbach (23 May 1908 \u2013 15 November 1942) was a Swiss writer, journalist, photographer and traveler.", "Q262": "Algeria ( (listen) al-JEER-ee-\u0259), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. The capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean coast. With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest by area in the African Union and the Arab world. With an estimated population of over 43 million, it is the eighth-most populous country in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and the Western Saharan territory, to the west by Morocco, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. It is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes (counties).\nPre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including ancient Numidians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Umayyads, Abbasids, Idrisid, Aghlabid, Rustamid, Fatimids, Zirid, Hammadids, Almoravids, Almohads, Zayyanids, Spaniards, Ottomans and, finally, the French colonial empire.\nAlgeria is a regional and middle power. It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the largest economies on the continent, based largely on energy exports. Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second largest in Africa, while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas. Sonatrach, the national oil company, is the largest company in Africa, supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe. Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget. It is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, OPEC, the United Nations, and the Arab Maghreb Union, of which it is a founding member.", "Q68191": "Bardonnex is a municipality in the canton of Geneva in Switzerland.", "Q124407": "Type 1 diabetes (T1D), previously known as juvenile diabetes, is a form of diabetes in which very little or no insulin is produced by the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone required for the body to use blood sugar. Before treatment this results in high blood sugar levels in the body. The classic symptoms are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, and weight loss. Additional symptoms may include blurry vision, tiredness, and poor wound healing. Symptoms typically develop over a short period of time.The cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include having a family member with the condition. The underlying mechanism involves an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Diabetes is diagnosed by testing the level of sugar or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in the blood. Type 1 diabetes can be distinguished from type 2 by testing for the presence of autoantibodies.There is no known way to prevent type 1 diabetes. Treatment with insulin is required for survival. Insulin therapy is usually given by injection just under the skin but can also be delivered by an insulin pump. A diabetic diet and exercise are important parts of management. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Complications of relatively rapid onset include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and damage to the eyes. Furthermore, complications may arise from low blood sugar caused by excessive dosing of insulin.Type 1 diabetes makes up an estimated 5\u201310% of all diabetes cases. The number of people affected globally is unknown, although it is estimated that about 80,000 children develop the disease each year. Within the United States the number of people affected is estimated at one to three million. Rates of disease vary widely with approximately 1 new case per 100,000 per year in East Asia and Latin America and around 30 new cases per 100,000 per year in Scandinavia and Kuwait. It typically begins in children and young adults.", "Q92983": "Robert Sedgewick (born December 20, 1946) is an American computer science professor at Princeton University and a former member of the board of directors of Adobe Systems. Sedgewick completed his Ph.D. in 1975 under the supervision of Donald Knuth at Stanford. His thesis was about the quicksort algorithm. In 1975\u201385, he served on the faculty of Brown University.\nSedgewick was the founding chairman (1985) of the Department of Computer Science at Princeton University and is still a Professor of Computer Science at Princeton. He was a visiting researcher at Xerox PARC, Institute for Defense Analyses and INRIA.In 1978, along with Leo J Guibas, Sedgewick devised the Red\u2013black tree data structure, by adapting the work of Rudolf Bayer. In 1997, Sedgewick was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery for his seminal work in the mathematical analysis of algorithms and pioneering research in algorithm animation.Sedgewick is the author of a book series entitled Algorithms, published by Addison-Wesley. The first edition of the book was published in 1983 and contained code in Pascal. Subsequent editions used C, C++, Modula-3, and Java. Together with Philippe Flajolet, he wrote several books and preprints which promoted analytic combinatorics, a discipline which relies on the use of generating functions and complex analysis in order to enumerate combinatorial structures, and to study their asymptotic properties. In The Art of Computer Programming, Knuth describes this as the key to performing average case analysis of algorithms.", "Q83656": "Kinsey is a 2004 American biographical drama film written and directed by Bill Condon. It describes the life of Alfred Charles Kinsey (played by Liam Neeson), a pioneer in the area of sexology. His 1948 publication, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (the first of the Kinsey Reports) was one of the first recorded works that tried to scientifically address and investigate sexual behavior in humans. The film also stars Laura Linney (in a performance nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress), Chris O'Donnell, Peter Sarsgaard, Timothy Hutton, John Lithgow, Tim Curry, and Oliver Platt.", "Q496056": "Varel ([\u02c8fa\u02d0\u0281\u0259l]) is a town in the district of Friesland, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated near the Jade River and the Jade Bight, approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of Wilhelmshaven and 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Oldenburg.", "Q57407": "Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n Sang (born January 21, 1949) is a Vietnamese politician, who served as the seventh President of Vietnam from 2011 to 2016. He was one of Vietnam's top leaders, alongside prime minister Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng and Party general secretary Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fa Tr\u1ecdng. In July 2011, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n Sang was elected state president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam by the National Assembly of Vietnam and nominated by his predecessor Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Tri\u1ebft who retired from office.\nTr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n Sang was also ranked second after General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fa Tr\u1ecdng on the party's Central Secretariat, a body which directs policy making. Sang has been a member of the Central Politburo, the executive committee of the Communist Party, since 1996. He was Communist Party secretary for Ho Chi Minh City from 1996 to 2000. He was promoted to the national party's number two slot in October 2009. There were reports of rivalry between Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n Sang and Prime Minister Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng, and each was backed by a faction within the party.At the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam in January 2011, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5n Sang was nominated President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and confirmed on 25 July 2011 by the National Assembly. On that day, he succeeded Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Tri\u1ebft. On the same day he proposed Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n D\u0169ng as the new head of government.", "Q549346": "Daniel Lioneye is a Finnish alternative metal band, formed by members of the band HIM. Originally consisting of guitarist and vocalist Mikko \"Linde\" Lindstr\u00f6m, bassist Mikko \"Mige\" Paananen, and drummer Ville Valo, the group released their debut album The King of Rock 'n Roll in 2001, the title-track of which was later used as the theme to Bam Margera's Viva La Bam TV series.\nIn 2010, the newly reformed Daniel Lioneye, now with Black Vomit Bolton on drums and HIM's Janne \"Burton\" Puurtinen on keyboards, recorded and released the album Vol. II. In 2011, the band toured the United States, with Mige once again on bass, Seppo Tarvainen on drums and Manu Patel on backing vocals. On December 30, 2014, the original line-up of Daniel Lioneye reunited at HIM's annual Helldone Festival. On August 19, 2016, Daniel Lioneye, with Lindstr\u00f6m, Mige, Burton, and Tarvainen, released their third album Vol. III.", "Q4719112": "Alexander Henderson, 1st Baron Faringdon (28 September 1850 \u2013 17 March 1934), known as Sir Alexander Henderson, 1st Baronet, from 1902 to 1916, was a British financier and Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament.\n\n", "Q504": "\u00c9mile \u00c9douard Charles Antoine Zola (, also US: , French: [emil z\u0254la]; 2 April 1840 \u2013 29 September 1902) was a French novelist, playwright, journalist, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism. He was a major figure in the political liberalization of France and in the exoneration of the falsely accused and convicted army officer Alfred Dreyfus, which is encapsulated in the renowned newspaper headline J'Accuse\u2026! Zola was nominated for the first and second Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901 and 1902.", "Q868701": "Per Malte Lennart \"Plura\" Jonsson, born on 10 August 1951 in Norrk\u00f6ping, Sweden is a Swedish singer, songwriter, guitar player and WordWriter. He has been a long-time member of the Swedish rock band Eldkvarn in addition to his solo materials. In 2014, he also released an album jointly with Mauro Scocco as Mauro & Plura. He is a flourishing author publishing a number of books.", "Q164745": "Mohammed Amin al-Husseini (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u200e; c. 1897 \u2013 4 July 1974) was a Palestinian Arab nationalist and Muslim leader in Mandatory Palestine.Al-Husseini was the scion of a family of Jerusalemite notables, who trace their origins to the eponymous grandson of Muhammad. After receiving an education in Islamic, Ottoman, and Catholic schools, he went on to serve in the Ottoman army in World War I. At war's end he stationed himself in Damascus as a supporter of the Arab Kingdom of Syria. Following the Franco-Syrian War and the collapse of Arab Hashemite rule in Damascus, his early position on pan-Arabism shifted to a form of local nationalism for Palestinian Arabs and he moved back to Jerusalem. From as early as 1920 he actively opposed Zionism, and was implicated as a leader of the 1920 Nebi Musa riots. Al-Husseini was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment for incitement but was pardoned by the British. In 1921 the British High Commissioner appointed him Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, a position he used to promote Islam while rallying a non-confessional Arab nationalism against Zionism. During the period 1921\u20131936 he was considered an important ally by the British Mandatory authorities.His opposition to the British peaked during the 1936\u20131939 Arab revolt in Palestine. In 1937, evading an arrest warrant, he fled Palestine and took refuge successively in the French Mandate of Lebanon and the Kingdom of Iraq, until he established himself in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. During World War II he collaborated with both Italy and Germany by making propagandistic radio broadcasts and by helping the Nazis recruit Bosnian Muslims for the Waffen-SS (on the ground that they shared four principles: family, order, the leader and faith). Also, as he told the recruits, Germany had not colonized any Arab country while Russia and England had. On meeting Adolf Hitler he requested backing for Arab independence and support in opposing the establishment in Palestine of a Jewish national home. At the end of the war he came under French protection, and then sought refuge in Cairo to avoid prosecution for war crimes.\nIn the lead-up to the 1948 Palestine war, Husseini opposed both the 1947 UN Partition Plan and King Abdullah's designs to annex the Arab part of British Mandatory Palestine to Jordan, and, failing to gain command of the 'Arab rescue army' (jaysh al-inqadh al-'arabi) formed under the aegis of the Arab League, formed his own militia, al-jihad al-muqaddas. In September 1948 he participated in the establishment of an All-Palestine Government. Seated in Egyptian-ruled Gaza, this government won limited recognition by Arab states but was eventually dissolved by Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1959. After the war and subsequent Palestinian exodus, his claims to leadership were wholly discredited and he was eventually sidelined by the Palestine Liberation Organization, losing most of his residual political influence. He died in Beirut, Lebanon in July 1974.\nHusseini was and remains a highly controversial figure. Historians dispute whether his fierce opposition to Zionism was grounded in nationalism or antisemitism or a combination of both. Opponents of Palestinian nationalism have pointed to Husseini's wartime residence and propaganda activities in Nazi Germany to associate the Palestinian national movement with European-style anti-Semitism.", "Q122710": "Tobias Sch\u00f6nenberg (born 17 August 1986 in Hagen, West Germany) is a German actor and photomodel.\nIn 2003, Tobias began earning money as a photomodel. He had always planned to study medicine, but a year and a half later, his career took off when he was offered a part in the German television soap Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden love), which has been running on the national television network Das Erste (The first) since 1995.\nTobias made his debut on 15 April 2005 as Paul Brandner, the handsome teenager with green eyes and blond hair, who is every woman's dream man. Paul, the adopted son of Susanne Brandner, finds himself in the midst of several troubled love triangles.\nIn 2010, Tobias starred alongside his twin brother Stefan in Florian Gottschick's Twins, a short film that explores how the eponymous twins' incestuous sexual relationship influences and is influenced by one of the twins' impending nuptials.\nHis surname, Sch\u00f6nenberg, aptly means \u2018beautiful mountain\u2019.\n\n", "Q4777813": "Anup Singh Choudry (born 13 August 1949), is a Ugandan-born Sikh of Punjabi ancestry and a Sikh writer formerly based in the United Kingdom who served as a justice of the High Court of Uganda from 2 May 2008 until 11 August 2014.He was sworn in at a ceremony at the State House in Entebbe before President Yoweri Museveni and Chief Justice Benjamin Odoki. He is the first Sikh and Ugandan-born Asian to be appointed to the bench in that country.\n\n", "Q506451": "Fort Myers or Ft. Myers, is the county seat and commercial center of Lee County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 62,298 and in 2018 was estimated at 82,254.Fort Myers is a gateway to the southwest Florida region and a major tourist destination within Florida. The winter estates of Thomas Edison (\"Seminole Lodge\") and Henry Ford (\"The Mangoes\") are major attractions. The city is named after Colonel Abraham Myers, the quartermaster general of the Confederate States Army.", "Q200509": "Sigmund Zois Freiherr von Edelstein, usually referred as Sigmund Zois (Slovene: \u017diga Zois, archaic Cojs or Cojz; pronunciation ) (23 November 1747 \u2013 10 November 1819) was a Carniolan nobleman, natural scientist and patron of the arts. He is considered one of the most influential figures of the Enlightenment Era in the Slovene Lands of Habsburg Austria.", "Q322964": "Moscow State Institute of International Relations (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442) \u041c\u0418\u0414 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, often abbreviated as MGIMO University, MGIMO (\u041c\u0413\u0418\u041c\u041e)) is an academic institution run by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, which is widely considered the most elite university in Russia.It was dubbed the \"Harvard of Russia\" by Henry Kissinger, because it educates so many of Russia's political, economic, and intellectual elite. Currently, it has the lowest acceptance rate and the highest test scores of any university in the country. It is the alma mater of the largest number of Forbes list members and representatives of the political elite according to Forbes Russia.[1]\nMGIMO offers numerous educational programs in 18 key fields of study, including: international relations, international economic relations, regional studies, international law, political science, public and business administration, journalism, public relations, commerce and transnational business. According to the Guinness Book of Records, MGIMO teaches 53 full time languages during every academic term, the most in any academic institution.The university encompasses two campuses - MGIMO-Vernadsky and MGIMO-Odintsovo, as well as MGIMO educational platform in Geneva. A new campus was launched in Tashkent in autumn 2019. Each year about 8,000 students from Russia and abroad study at MGIMO University.\nMGIMO is a centre for the Russian-French Trianon Dialogue, the Russian-Czech Discussion Forum, the Russian-Austrian forum Sochi Dialogue, ASEAN Centre.", "Q41265": "Illapu are a Chilean folk and andean musical ensemble that was formed in 1971 in Antofagasta, in northern Chile, by the brothers Jos\u00e9 Miguel, Jaime, Andr\u00e9s and Roberto M\u00e1rquez Bugue\u00f1o. A later addition to the group was Osvaldo Torres.\n\n", "Q734329": "Elbert Green Hubbard (June 19, 1856 \u2013 May 7, 1915) was an American writer, publisher, artist, and philosopher. Raised in Hudson, Illinois, he had early success as a traveling salesman for the Larkin Soap Company. Presently Hubbard is known best as the founder of the Roycroft artisan community in East Aurora, New York, an influential exponent of the Arts and Crafts Movement. Some of the Roycroft Campus buildings remain; they have been restored and are open to visitors. The complex is a National Historic Site.Among Hubbard's many publications were the fourteen-volume work Little Journeys to the Homes of the Great and the short publication A Message to Garcia. He and his second wife, Alice Moore Hubbard, died aboard the RMS Lusitania when it was sunk by a German submarine off the coast of Ireland on May 7, 1915.", "Q252529": "Black Narcissus is a 1947 British psychological drama film written, produced, and directed by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger, and starring Deborah Kerr, Kathleen Byron, Sabu, David Farrar, Flora Robson, Esmond Knight, and Jean Simmons. The title refers to the Caron perfume Narcisse noir. Based on the 1939 novel by Rumer Godden, the film revolves around the growing tensions within a small convent of Anglican nuns who are trying to establish a school and hospital in an old palace on an isolated mountain above a fertile valley in the Himalayas.\nBlack Narcissus achieved acclaim for its pioneering technical mastery with the cinematographer, Jack Cardiff, shooting in vibrant colour, winning an Academy Award for Best Cinematography and a Golden Globe Award for Best Cinematography, and Alfred Junge winning an Academy Award for Best Art Direction.According to film critic David Thomson, \"Black Narcissus is that rare thing, an erotic English film about the fantasies of nuns, startling whenever Kathleen Byron is involved\".", "Q55210": "Abbas Kiarostami (Persian: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc\u200e [\u0294\u00e6b\u02ccb\u0252\u02d0s kij\u0252\u02d0\u027eost\u00e6\u02c8mi] (listen); 22 June 1940 \u2013 4 July 2016) was an Iranian film director, screenwriter, poet, photographer, and film producer. An active film-maker from 1970, Kiarostami had been involved in the production of over forty films, including shorts and documentaries. Kiarostami attained critical acclaim for directing the Koker trilogy (1987\u20131994), Close-Up (1990), The Wind Will Carry Us (1999), and Taste of Cherry (1997), which was awarded the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival that year. In later works, Certified Copy (2010) and Like Someone in Love (2012), he filmed for the first time outside Iran: in Italy and Japan, respectively. His films Where Is the Friend\u2019s Home?, Close-Up, and The Wind Will Carry Us were ranked among the 100 best foreign films in a 2018 critics' poll by BBC Culture. Close-Up was also ranked one of the 50 greatest movies of all time in the famous decennial Sight & Sound poll conducted in 2012.Kiarostami had worked extensively as a screenwriter, film editor, art director and producer and had designed credit titles and publicity material. He was also a poet, photographer, painter, illustrator, and graphic designer. He was part of a generation of filmmakers in the Iranian New Wave, a Persian cinema movement that started in the late 1960s and includes pioneering directors such as Bahram Beyzai, Nasser Taghvai, Ali Hatami, Masoud Kimiai, Dariush Mehrjui, Sohrab Shahid-Saless and Parviz Kimiavi. These filmmakers share many common techniques including the use of poetic dialogue and allegorical storytelling dealing with political and philosophical issues.Kiarostami had a reputation for using child protagonists, for documentary-style narrative films, for stories that take place in rural villages, and for conversations that unfold inside cars, using stationary mounted cameras. He is also known for his use of Persian poetry in the dialogue, titles, and themes of his films. Kiarostami's films contain a notable degree of ambiguity, an unusual mixture of simplicity and complexity, and often a mix of fictional and documentary elements. The concepts of change and continuity, in addition to the themes of life and death, play a major role in Kiarostami's works.", "Q732980": "Hubert Aquin (24 October 1929 \u2013 15 March 1977) was a Quebec novelist, political activist, essayist, filmmaker and editor.\nAquin was born in Montreal and graduated from the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al in 1951. From 1951 to 1954, he studied at the Institut d'\u00e9tudes politiques in Paris. On his return to Montreal worked for Radio-Canada from 1955 until 1959. From 1959 until 1964, he also worked as a screenwriter, director and film producer with the National Film Board of Canada.From 1960 to 1968, Aquin was active in the movement for Quebec independence. He was an executive member of the first independentist political party, the Rassemblement pour l'ind\u00e9pendance nationale (1960\u20131969). In 1964, he announced that he was going \"underground\" to work for independence through terrorism; he was arrested shortly thereafter and detained for four months in a psychiatric hospital. It was there that he wrote his first novel, Prochain \u00e9pisode (1965), the story of an imprisoned revolutionary. In December 1964, he was acquitted of illegal possession of a firearm.\nRegarded as a classic of Canadian literature, Aquin's novel Next Episode (the English translation of Prochain \u00e9pisode by Sheila Fischman), was chosen for the 2003 edition of CBC Radio's Canada Reads competition, where it was championed by journalist Denise Bombardier. It was the winning title. An earlier English translation by Penny Williams, keeping the French title, was published in 1967.\nThe self-destructive thoughts of the novel's narrator foreshadow Aquin's own death: On 15 March 1977, Aquin shot himself in the head. He left a suicide note claiming his death was a free and positive choice, stating, \"I have lived intensely, and now it is over.\" A fuller understanding of Aquin's intense life can be gained from Jacques Godbout's biographical documentary, Deux \u00e9pisodes dans la vie d'Hubert Aquin (1979) and from HA!: A Self-Murder Mystery (2003), an experiment in biography by Aquin's friend Gordon Sheppard.", "Q203000": "Perth ( (listen); Scottish Gaelic: Peairt [\u02c8p\u02b0\u025bu\u027et\u032a]) is a city in central Scotland, on the banks of the River Tay. It is the administrative centre of Perth and Kinross council area and the historic county town of Perthshire. It had a population of about 47,180 in 2012. Perth has been known as The Fair City since the publication of the story Fair Maid of Perth by Scottish writer Sir Walter Scott in 1828. During the later medieval period the city was also called St John's Toun or Saint Johnstoun by its inhabitants in reference to the main church dedicated to St John the Baptist. This name is preserved by the city's football club, St Johnstone F.C.\nThere has been a settlement at Perth since prehistoric times, on a natural mound raised slightly above the flood plain of the Tay, where the river could be crossed at low tide. The area surrounding the modern city is known to have been occupied since Mesolithic hunter-gatherers arrived more than 8,000 years ago. Nearby Neolithic standing stones and circles also exist, dating from about 4000 BC, following the introduction of farming in the area.\nThe presence of Scone Abbey, home of the Stone of Scone (also known as the Stone of Destiny) where the King of Scots was crowned, enhanced the early importance of the city. Perth became known as a 'capital' of Scotland, due to the frequent residence of the royal court. Royal Burgh status was soon given to the city by King William the Lion in the early 12th century. The city became one of the richest burghs in the country, doing trade with France, the Low Countries and Baltic Countries for goods such as Spanish silk and French wine. The Scottish Reformation also played a big role in the city with the sacking of the Houses of the Greyfriars and Blackfriars, after a sermon given by John Knox in St John's Kirk in 1559. The Act of Settlement later brought about Jacobite uprisings. The city was occupied by Jacobite supporters on three occasions (1689, 1715 and 1745). The founding of Perth Academy in 1760 helped to bring major industries, such as linen, leather, bleach and whisky, to the city. Given its location, Perth was perfectly placed to become a key transport centre with the coming of the railways, and its first station was built in 1848.\nToday, Perth serves as a retail centre for the surrounding area. The city has a thriving culinary scene and is known for its great selection of restaurants and eateries, having been awarded the title of 'Scotland's Food Town of 2018' by the Scottish Food Awards. Following the decline of the whisky industry locally and building upon its long established presence in the insurance sector, the city's economy has now diversified to include banking. \nDue to its location, the city is often referred to as the \"Gateway to the Highlands\".Perth in Australia and Perth in Canada are both named after Perth in Scotland. Perth is twinned with Aschaffenburg in the German state of Bavaria.", "Q1014": "Liberia ( (listen)), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean to its south-southwest. It covers an area of 111,369 square kilometres (43,000 sq mi) and has a population of around 4,900,000. English is the official language, but over 20 indigenous languages are spoken, representing the numerous ethnic groups who make up more than 95% of the population. The country's capital and largest city is Monrovia.\nLiberia began as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS), who believed black people would face better chances for freedom and prosperity in Africa than in the United States. The country declared its independence on July 26, 1847. The U.S. did not recognize Liberia's independence until February 5, 1862, during the American Civil War. Between January 7, 1822, and the American Civil War, more than 15,000 freed and free-born black people who faced legislated limits in the U.S., and 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans, relocated to the settlement. The settlers carried their culture and tradition with them. The Liberian constitution and flag were modeled after those of the U.S. On January 3, 1848, Joseph Jenkins Roberts, a wealthy, free-born African American from Virginia who settled in Liberia, was elected Liberia's first president after the people proclaimed independence.Liberia was the first African republic to proclaim its independence, and is Africa's first and oldest modern republic. It retained its independence during the Scramble for Africa. During World War II, Liberia supported the United States war efforts against Germany and in turn, the U.S. invested in considerable infrastructure in Liberia to help its war effort, which also aided the country in modernizing and improving its major air transportation facilities. In addition, President William Tubman encouraged economic changes. Internationally, Liberia was a founding member of the League of Nations, United Nations, and the Organisation of African Unity.\nThe Americo-Liberian settlers did not relate well to the indigenous peoples they encountered, especially those in communities of the more isolated \"bush\". The colonial settlements were raided by the Kru and Grebo from their inland chiefdoms. Americo-Liberians developed as a small elite that held on to political power, and indigenous tribesmen were excluded from birthright citizenship in their own land until 1904, in an echo of the United States' treatment of Native Americans. Americo-Liberians promoted religious organizations to set up missions and schools to educate the indigenous peoples.\nIn 1980 political tensions from the rule of William R. Tolbert resulted in a military coup during which Tolbert was killed, marking the beginning of years-long political instability. Five years of military rule by the People's Redemption Council and five years of civilian rule by the National Democratic Party of Liberia were followed by the First and Second Liberian Civil Wars. These resulted in the deaths of 250,000 people (about 8% of the population) and the displacement of many more, and shrank Liberia's economy by 90%. A peace agreement in 2003 led to democratic elections in 2005, in which Ellen Johnson Sirleaf was elected President, making history as the first female president in the continent. National infrastructure and basic social services were severely affected by the conflicts, with 83% of the population now living below the international poverty line.", "Q430849": "Joie Susannah Lee (; born June 22, 1962) is an American screenwriter, film producer and actress. She has appeared in many of the films directed by her brother, Spike Lee, including She's Gotta Have It (1986), School Daze (1988), Do the Right Thing (1989), and Mo' Better Blues (1990). She also co-wrote and produced the film Crooklyn (1994).", "Q108853": "Nadja Becker (born October 25, 1978) is a German actress.", "Q119786": "Karl Laux (26 August 1896 in Ludwigshafen \u2013 27 June 1978 in Dresden) was a German musicologist, music critic and rector.", "Q23386": "Sir John McEwen, (29 March 1900 \u2013 20 November 1980) was an Australian politician who served as the 18th Prime Minister of Australia, holding office from 19 December 1967 to 10 January 1968 in a caretaker capacity after the disappearance of Harold Holt. He was the leader of the Country Party from 1958 to 1971.\nMcEwen was born in Chiltern, Victoria. He was orphaned at the age of seven and raised by his grandmother, initially in Wangaratta and then in Dandenong. McEwen left school at the age of 13 and joined the Australian Army at the age of 18, but the war ended before his unit was shipped out. He was nonetheless eligible for a soldier settlement scheme, and selected a property at Stanhope. He established a dairy farm, but later bought a larger property and farmed beef cattle.\nAfter several previous unsuccessful candidacies, McEwen was elected to the House of Representatives at the 1934 federal election. He was first elevated to cabinet by Joseph Lyons in 1937. McEwen became deputy leader of the Country Party in 1940, under Arthur Fadden. He replaced Fadden as leader in 1958, and remained in the position until his retirement from politics in 1971. He served in parliament for 36 years in total, spending a record 25 years as a government minister.\nThe Coalition returned to power in 1949, initially under Robert Menzies and then under Harold Holt. McEwen came to have a major influence on economic policy, particularly in the areas of agriculture, manufacturing, and trade. When Holt died in office in December 1967, he was commissioned as caretaker prime minister while the Liberal Party elected a new leader. He was 67 at the time, the oldest person to become prime minister and only the third from the Country Party. McEwen ceded power to John Gorton after 23 days in office, and in recognition of his service was appointed deputy prime minister, the first time that position had been formally created.", "Q888193": "Bob Porter (born June 20, 1940) is an American record producer, discographer, writer, and radio presenter. He has been responsible for reissuing many classic blues and jazz recordings, and in 2009 was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame.\nPorter was born in Wellesley, Massachusetts. Since the 1960s he has produced over 200 albums of jazz and blues music, first for Prestige Records where he also wrote liner notes, in the 1960s, then as reissue producer for Savoy Records, 1975\u201380, and then Atlantic Records, 1986\u201391. He has subsequently worked for many other record labels. It has been said that \"The result of his painstaking efforts is the restoration of much of the 20th century's most indelible music, now preserved for future generations and sounding better than ever before.\"In 1981, he started broadcasting Portraits In Blue, a syndicated radio program covering blues, R&B and soul music which he launched at WBGO in Newark, New Jersey. He received the 1986 W. C. Handy Award. He has five Grammy nominations, winning in 1980 for his liner notes for The Complete Charlie Parker on Savoy and in 1986 as reissue producer for Atlantic Rhythm & Blues. He is a past member of the nominating committee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. He has been a master of ceremonies for the Chicago Blues Festival since 1990.\nHe has written for a variety of magazines including Down Beat and Cash Box, and has written liner notes for more than three hundred albums of jazz and blues. He has also contributed expertise to organizations including the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.", "Q166152": "Edla Sofia Hjulgr\u00e9n (n\u00e9e Lundstr\u00f6m; 28 June 1875, Kullaa - 21 May 1918, Viipuri) was a Finnish politician. She was married to a sawmill worker. She was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1913 to 1916, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). During the Finnish Civil War, she sided with the Reds and was made prisoner by White troops on 29 April 1918. She was sentenced to death and shot in Viipuri on 21 May 1918.", "Q393407": "\u017darko Petan (27 March 1929 \u2013 2 May 2014) was a Slovenian writer, essayist, screenwriter, and theatre and film director. He is best known as a writer of aphorisms.\nPetan was born into a relatively wealthy urban middle-class family in Ljubljana, Slovenia, then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He spent his childhood in Zagreb, Croatia, where his father owned a hotel in the city centre. In 1940, the family moved to Maribor in Slovenia, where they owned a caf\u00e9. After the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941, they moved to Trieste to escape Nazi German persecution. After the end of World War II, they returned to Maribor.\nPetan soon entered into conflict with the new Communist regime. In 1949, while serving in the Yugoslav People's Army, he was accused of enemy propaganda and sentenced to 9 years in jail. He was released in 1951, and enrolled in the University of Ljubljana, where he studied economics. After graduation, he enrolled in the Academy for Theatre, Radio, Film and Television in Ljubljana, where he studied theatre directing.\nIn the late 1950s, he worked with Jo\u017ee Javor\u0161ek and Bojan \u0160tih at the Drama theatre in Ljubljana, which was one of the first theatres to introduce the theatre of the absurd on Yugoslav stages. Together with Dominik Smole, Taras Kermauner and Dane Zajc, he was one of the co-founders of the alternative theatre Stage 57, which challenged the rigid cultural policies of the Titoist regime. After the abolition of the theatre by the authorities in 1964, Petan returned to the established theatres.\nBetween 1992 and 1994, he served as Director General of the Slovenian National Radio and Television Broadcast.\n\u017darko Petan was an extremely prolific writer. He has published more than 60 books in Slovene, and many others in other languages, especially in Croatian. His work has been translated into more than a dozen foreign languages. He died on 2 May 2014.", "Q467911": "Letizia Battaglia (Italian pronunciation: [le\u02c8tittsja bat\u02c8ta\u028e\u028ea]; born 5 March 1935) is an Italian photographer and photojournalist.\nAlthough her photos document a wide spectrum of Sicilian life, she is best known for her work on the Mafia.", "Q336905": "David George Philip Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley, ( CHUM-lee); born 27 June 1960), styled Viscount Malpas from birth until 1968, and subsequently Earl of Rocksavage until 1990, is a British peer and filmmaker. He also acts as Lord Great Chamberlain of the United Kingdom, a role he is entitled to hold for the duration of the present Queen's reign.", "Q265391": "Frances Marion Dee (November 26, 1909 \u2013 March 6, 2004) was an American actress. She starred opposite Maurice Chevalier in the early talkie musical, Playboy of Paris (1930). She starred in the film An American Tragedy (1931) in a role later recreated by Elizabeth Taylor in the 1951 retitled remake, A Place in the Sun. She also had a prominent role in the classic 1943 Val Lewton psychological horror film I Walked With a Zombie.", "Q138984": "Zabihollah Safa (Persian: \u0630\u0628\u06cc\u062d\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u200e) (May 7, 1911 in Shahmirzad, Iran \u2013 April 29, 1999 in L\u00fcbeck, Germany) was a scholar and professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at the University of Tehran.\nHis main contribution to the field of Iranian studies is seen in his seminal and comprehensive works on the history of Persian literature. He was also a regular contributor to the Encyclopaedia Iranica.", "Q494655": "Andrea Parkins is an American composer, sound artist, performer and improvisational musician based in New York. She is known for her inventive explorations on the electric accordion, generative sound processing, and arrangements of objects and sound. Parkins received a BFA from Tufts University and MFA from Mason Gross School of the Arts, Rutgers University.Parkins\u2019s work is influenced by the compositional strategies of John Cage and Fluxus and pays homage to musique concr\u00e8te and 1970s analog synth. Parkins often incorporates electronically processed accordion, customized sound processing, live tape manipulation, analog effects boxes, laptop electronics, acoustic piano, sampling, and amplified objects. Her method and sound were characterized by LA Weekly as: \u201cThe big, varied, confidently conceived abstractions Parkins yanks from her squeezebox, laptop, effects devices and maybe piano \u2014 cloudy and cranky one minute, surgically sharp the next.\u201d With an unconventional approach to instruments, Parkins \u201cfragments the instrument's traditional vocabulary and expands its capabilities with electronics and extended techniques.\u201dRecently Andrea Parkins has been developing a series of interactive sound and image works inspired by the structures of Rube Goldberg's circuitous machines. Describing this organizational approach Stephen Bezan remarked: \u201cthe individual sounds manipulated by Parkins seem to interact and influence the outcome of the other, crafting a goal-oriented structure based on timbre, not harmony or rhythm. This approach transcends the inherent cacophony of the material and reveals a genuinely organic, even playful quality to her work.\u201d Parkins has described her Rube Goldberg approach as a means for examining slippages between object and meaning. She observed: \u201cAn important conceptual thread running through these pieces is the discovery and expression of metaphors for the slippage and tension between object and meaning that occurs through the passage of time.\u201d Describing her intentions, Parkins noted: \u201cAs both a sonic and visual artist, I try to build and layer idiosyncratic systems and structures that point to these shifts in meaning.\u201dAndrea Parkins has toured and exhibited internationally and has been presented at the Whitney Museum of American Art, The Kitchen, Experimental Intermedia, and Diapason Gallery for Sound and Intermedia. She has collaborated with musicians such as Nels Cline, Jim Black, Ellery Eskelin, David Watson, David Fenech, Fred Frith, Thomas Lehn, G\u00fcnter M\u00fcller, and Otomo Yoshihide and choreographers Olive Bieringa and Otto Ramstad from the BodyCartography Project. Parkins has been the recipient of various grants, awards, and residencies including Meet the Composer, New York State Council for the Arts, Harvestworks Media Art Center, in New York City, Frei und Hanseastadt Hamburg Kulturbehoerde, in Germany, and CESTA in the Czech Republic.\n\n", "Q192979": "Clash of the Titans is a 2010 fantasy action-adventure film and remake of the 1981 film of the same name produced by MGM (the rights to which had been acquired by Warner Bros. in 1996). The story is very loosely based on the Greek myth of Perseus. Directed by Louis Leterrier and starring Sam Worthington, Liam Neeson, and Ralph Fiennes, the film was originally set for standard release on March 26, 2010. However, it was later announced that the film would be converted to 3D and was released on April 2, 2010.Clash of the Titans grossed $493 million worldwide, though it received generally negative reviews from critics and received two Golden Raspberry Awards nominations. The film's success led to a sequel, Wrath of the Titans, released in March 2012.\n\n", "Q523835": "Robert Louis \"Bob\" Behnken (born July 28, 1970 in Creve Coeur, Missouri) is a United States Air Force officer, NASA astronaut and former Chief of the Astronaut Office. Behnken holds a Ph.D in Mechanical Engineering and holds the rank of Colonel in the U.S. Air Force. Col. Behnken has logged over 1,000 flight hours in 25 different aircraft. He flew aboard Space Shuttle missions STS-123 (2008) and STS-130 (2010) as a Mission Specialist, accumulating over 708 hours in space, including 37 hours of spacewalk time. Behnken was also assigned as Mission Specialist 1 to the STS-400 rescue mission. He is married to fellow astronaut K. Megan McArthur.", "Q1000": "Gabon (; French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0261ab\u0254\u0303]), officially the Gabonese Republic (French: R\u00e9publique gabonaise), is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. Located on the equator, Gabon is bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, the Republic of the Congo on the east and south, and the Gulf of Guinea to the west. It has an area of nearly 270,000 square kilometres (100,000 sq mi) and its population is estimated at 2.1 million people. Its capital and largest city is Libreville.\nSince its independence from France in 1960, the sovereign state of Gabon has had three presidents. In the early 1990s, Gabon introduced a multi-party system and a new democratic constitution that allowed for a more transparent electoral process and reformed many governmental institutions.\nAbundant petroleum and foreign private investment have helped make Gabon one of the most prosperous countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, with the 7th highest HDI and the fourth highest GDP per capita (PPP) (after Mauritius, Equatorial Guinea and Seychelles) in the region. GDP grew by more than 6% per year from 2010 to 2012. However, because of inequality in income distribution, a significant proportion of the population remains poor.", "Q275182": "Leeanna Walsman (born 1979) is an Australian actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as Zam Wesell in Star Wars: Episode II \u2013 Attack of the Clones (2002), for playing Carly Bishop in the Australian film Looking for Alibrandi (2000), for her role as Erica Davidson in the Australian television series Wentworth, and for her starring role in the mini-series Jessica. Walsman also starred in Home and Away: An Eye for an Eye (2015), which aired on subscription channel Presto.", "Q1353340": "Sidney Gilchrist Thomas (16 April 1850 \u2013 1 February 1885) was an English inventor.", "Q119792": "Andreas Walser (13 April 1908 \u2013 19 March 1930) was a Swiss painter. He was born in Chur and moved to Paris at the age of 20 to become more involved in the art world and \"to become completely and utterly french\". Many of his works were produced under the influence of drugs. He died in Paris aged 22.", "Q108847": "Max Kretzer (7 June 1854 \u2013 15 July 1941) was a German writer. He left school at the age of thirteen and worked in a factory for twelve years. He became a prolific and successful novelist in the social realist style, depicting common working people.", "Q88071": "Rudolf John Gorsleben (16 March 1883 \u2013 23 August 1930) was a German Ariosophist, Armanist (practitioner of the Armanen runes), journal editor and playwright.", "Q169275": "Dr. D\u00e1vid Dorosz (born October 6, 1985) is a Hungarian jurist, author, political strategist, campaign manager and politician, who has been the Deputy Mayor of Budapest for Climate and Development since November 2019. Dorosz was a member of the National Assembly (MP) from 2010 to 2014. He is member and former COO of the Dialogue for Hungary party. He is the author of the book \"Time pressure - How we can avoid a global collapse?\" which analyzes global challenges from a progressive angle.", "Q34836": "Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 \u2013 July 23, 1885) was an American soldier and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. Before his presidency, Grant led the Union Army as Commanding General of the United States Army in winning the American Civil War. As president, Grant worked with the Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction of the Union while having to deal with corruption in his administration.\nRaised in Ohio, young Grant possessed an exceptional ability with horses, which served him well through his military career. He was admitted to West Point and graduated from the U.S. military academy in 1843. Grant served with distinction in the Mexican\u2013American War. In 1848, he married Julia Dent, and together they had four children. Grant abruptly resigned his army commission in 1854 and returned to his family, but lived in poverty for seven years. During the Civil War, he joined the Union Army in 1861, and led the Vicksburg campaign, which gained control of the Mississippi River in 1863. After Grant's victory at Chattanooga, President Abraham Lincoln promoted Grant to Lieutenant General. For thirteen months, Grant fought Robert E. Lee during the high casualty Overland Campaign and at Petersburg. On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox. A week later, Lincoln was assassinated, and was succeeded by President Andrew Johnson, who promoted Grant to General of the Army in 1866. Later Grant openly broke with Johnson over Reconstruction policies; Grant used the reconstruction acts, which had been passed over Johnson's veto, to enforce civil rights for African freedmen.\nA war hero but a reluctant politician, Grant was unanimously nominated by the Republican Party and was elected president in 1868. As president, Grant stabilized the post-war national economy, created the Department of Justice, and prosecuted the Ku Klux Klan. He appointed African-Americans and Jewish-Americans to prominent federal offices. In 1871, he created the first Civil Service Commission. The Liberal Republicans and Democrats united behind Grant's opponent in the presidential election of 1872, but Grant was handily re-elected. Grant's Native American policy had both successes and failures. In foreign affairs, the Grant administration peacefully resolved the Alabama claims against Great Britain, but the Senate rejected Grant's prized Caribbean Dominican Republic annexation. Corruption in the executive branch became notorious: several of Grant's cabinet members and other appointees were fired or had to resign. The Panic of 1873 plunged the nation into a severe economic depression, that allowed the Democrats to win the House majority. In the intensely disputed Presidential election of 1876, Grant facilitated the approval by Congress of a peaceful compromise.\nIn his retirement, Grant was the first president to circumnavigate the world on his tour meeting with many foreign leaders. In 1880, Grant was unsuccessful in obtaining the Republican presidential nomination for a third term. In the final year of his life, facing severe financial reversals and dying of throat cancer, he wrote his memoirs, which proved to be a major critical and financial success. At the time of his death, he was memorialized as a symbol of national unity.\nHistorians have recognized Grant's military genius, and his modern strategies of warfare are featured in military history textbooks. Historical assessments of Grant's presidency have improved over time. Grant was ranked 38th in 1994 and 1996, but ranked 21st in 2018. Historians have emphasized Grant's presidential accomplishments including the Alabama Claims settlement, protection of Blacks and Indians, and the first Civil Service Commission.\n\n", "Q735023": "Blackmore's Night is a British/American traditional folk rock band formed in 1997, consisting mainly of Ritchie Blackmore (acoustic guitar, hurdy gurdy, mandola, mandolin, nyckelharpe and electric guitar) and Candice Night (lead vocals, lyricist and woodwinds). Their lineup has seen many changes over the years. To date, they have released ten studio albums.", "Q98262": "R\u00fcdiger Wittig (born October 17, 1946 in Herne, West Germany) is a professor of geobotany and ecology at the Goethe University Frankfurt in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.", "Q929985": "George Alexander Trebek (; born July 22, 1940) is a Canadian-American television personality, game show host and actor. He has been the host of the syndicated game show Jeopardy! since its revival in 1984, and has also hosted a number of other game shows, including The Wizard of Odds, Double Dare, High Rollers, Battlestars, Classic Concentration, and To Tell the Truth. Trebek is contracted to host Jeopardy! until 2022. Trebek has also made appearances in numerous television series, in which he usually played himself. A native of Canada, he became a naturalized American citizen in 1998.", "Q58720": "Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (; Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b (\u041c\u0438\u0445\u00e1\u0439\u043b\u043e) \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432, IPA: [m\u02b2\u026ax\u0250\u02c8il v\u0250\u02c8s\u02b2il\u02b2j\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 l\u0259m\u0250\u02c8nos\u0259f] (listen); November 19 [O.S. November 8] 1711 \u2013 April 15 [O.S. April 4] 1765) was a Russian polymath, scientist and writer, who made important contributions to literature, education, and science. Among his discoveries were the atmosphere of Venus and the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions. His spheres of science were natural science, chemistry, physics, mineralogy, history, art, philology, optical devices and others. Lomonosov was also a poet and influenced the formation of the modern Russian literary language.", "Q201603": "Simon Fraser University (SFU) is a public research university in British Columbia, Canada, with three campuses: Burnaby (main campus), Surrey, and Vancouver. The 170-hectare (420-acre) main Burnaby campus on Burnaby Mountain, located 20 kilometres (12 mi) from downtown Vancouver, was established in 1965 and comprises more than 30,000 students and approximately 950 faculty members.\nUndergraduate and graduate programs at SFU operate on a year-round, three-semester schedule, and it is the only Canadian university which competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). In 2015, SFU became the second Canadian university to receive accreditation from the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. SFU faculty and alumni have won 43 fellowships to the Royal Society of Canada, three Rhodes Scholarships and one Pulitzer Prize.", "Q4178": "Wetzlar is a city in the state of Hesse, Germany. A former free imperial city, it gained much of its fame as the seat of the Imperial Supreme Court (Reichskammergericht) of the Holy Roman Empire. Located 51 kilometers north of Frankfurt, at 8\u00b0 30\u2032 E, 50\u00b0 34\u2032 N, Wetzlar straddles the river Lahn and is on the German Timber-Frame Road, which passes mile upon mile of half-timbered houses. Historically, the city has acted as the hub of the Lahn-Dill-Kreis on the north edge of the Taunus. Tourists know the city for its ancient town and its medieval Catholic/Protestant shared cathedral of St. Mary.\nNotable architectural features include the Eisenmarkt and the steep gradients and tightly-packed street layout of a medieval town. The building of the sandstone cathedral commenced in the 12th century in Romanesque style. In the later Middle Ages the construction continued under a master plan in Gothic style. The church was never finished\u2014one steeple still remains uncompleted. The cathedral suffered heavy damage in the Second World War from aerial bombing, but restoration took place in the 1950s. On the outskirts of town along the river stand the ruins of several stone towers.\nIn 1975 the town hosted the 15th Hessentag state festival, and in 2012 the 52nd.", "Q124375": "H\u00f3dmez\u0151v\u00e1s\u00e1rhely (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8ho\u02d0dm\u025bz\u00f8\u02d0va\u02d0\u0283a\u02d0rh\u025bj] (listen); Serbian: \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u0459/Va\u0161arhelj) is a city in south-east Hungary, on the Great Hungarian Plain, at the meeting point of the B\u00e9k\u00e9s-Csan\u00e1di Ridge and the clay grassland surrounding the river Tisza.", "Q435925": "Julie Gayet (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292yli \u0261aj\u025b]; born 3 June 1972) is a French actress and film producer. She is also known for being the partner of the former President of the French Republic, Fran\u00e7ois Hollande.\n\n", "Q57413": "Alassane Dramane Ouattara (French pronunciation: [alasan wata\u0281a] (listen); born 1 January 1942) is an Ivorian politician who has been President of Ivory Coast (C\u00f4te d'Ivoire) since 2010. An economist by profession, Ouattara worked for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Central Bank of West African States (French: Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, BCEAO), and he was the Prime Minister of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire from November 1990 to December 1993, appointed to that post by President F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny. Ouattara became the President of the Rally of the Republicans (RDR), an Ivorian political party, in 1999.", "Q315104": "Nathaniel Cornelius Robinson (born May 31, 1984) is an American professional basketball player. Born in Seattle, Robinson played college basketball for the University of Washington in Seattle and was the 21st pick in the 2005 NBA draft. The 5-foot-9-inch (1.75 m) point guard has also played for the New York Knicks, Boston Celtics, Oklahoma City Thunder, Golden State Warriors, Chicago Bulls, and Denver Nuggets. Robinson is the NBA's first three-time slam dunk champion.", "Q837211": "Scheveningen [\u02c8sxe\u02d0v\u0259n\u026a\u014b\u0259(n)] (listen) is one of the eight districts of The Hague, Netherlands, as well as a subdistrict (wijk) of that city. Scheveningen is a modern seaside resort with a long, sandy beach, an esplanade, a pier, and a lighthouse. The beach is popular for water sports such as windsurfing and kiteboarding.The harbour is used for both fishing and tourism.", "Q10980": "A triathlon is a multisport race with three continuous and sequential endurance races. The word is of Greek origin, from \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 or treis (three) and \u1f06\u03b8\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 or athlos (competition).While variations of the sport exist, the most common form includes swimming, cycling, and running over various distances. Triathletes compete for fastest overall course completion, including timed transitions between the three races.A transition area is set up where the athletes change gear for different segments of the race. This is where the switches from swimming to cycling and cycling to running occur. These areas are used to store bicycles, performance apparel, and any other accessories needed for the next stage of the race. The transition from swim to bike is referred to as T1 and that between the bike and run is referred to as T2. The athlete's overall time for the race includes time spent in T1 and T2. Transition areas vary in size depending on the number of participants expected. In addition, these areas provide a social headquarters before the race.The nature of the sport focuses on persistent and often periodized training in each of the three disciplines, as well as combination workouts and general strength conditioning.\n\n", "Q207272": "The Second Polish Republic, commonly known as interwar Poland, refers to the country of Poland in the period between the First and Second World Wars (1918\u20131939). Officially known as the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska), the state was re-established in 1918, in the aftermath of World War I. The Second Republic ceased to exist in 1939, when Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union and the Slovak Republic, marking the beginning of the European theatre of World War II.\nIn 1938, the Second Republic was the sixth largest country in Europe. According to the 1921 census, the number of inhabitants was 27.2 million. By 1939, just before the outbreak of World War II, this had grown to an estimated 35.1 million. Almost a third of population came from minority groups: 13.9% Ruthenians; 10% Ashkenazi Jews; 3.1% Belarusians; 2.3% Germans and 3.4% Czechs and Lithuanians. At the same time, a significant number of ethnic Poles lived outside the country's borders.\nWhen, after several regional conflicts, the borders of the state were finalized in 1922, Poland's neighbors were Czechoslovakia, Germany, the Free City of Danzig, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania and the Soviet Union. It had access to the Baltic Sea via a short strip of coastline either side of the city of Gdynia, known as the Polish Corridor. Between March and August 1939, Poland also shared a border with the then-Hungarian governorate of Subcarpathia. The political conditions of the Second Republic were heavily influenced by the aftermath of World War I and conflicts with neighbouring states as well as the emergence of Nazism in Germany.\nThe Second Republic maintained moderate economic development. The cultural hubs of interwar Poland \u2013 Warsaw, Krak\u00f3w, Pozna\u0144, Wilno and Lw\u00f3w \u2013 became major European cities and the sites of internationally acclaimed universities and other institutions of higher education.\nThe political borders of the Second Republic were distinctly different from the modern Third Republic, as it contained less territory in the west and more territory in the east.", "Q4579886": "H\u00e5kon Haugli (born 21 May 1969) is the CEO of Innovation Norway, the government's most important instrument for innovation and development of Norwegian enterprises and industry. Prior to joining Innovation Norway in May 2019 he was the Managing Director of Abelia, the business association for Norwegian knowledge and technology based enterprises. The association is part of the Norwegian Confederation of Enterprise (NHO). From 2009 to 2013 he was a Member of Parliament, representing the Labour Party and the Oslo District. His prior work experience includes Gjensidige (insurance) and McKinsey & Co. He has held a number of Board positions and holds a law degree from the University of Oslo.", "Q322970": "Walter Eli Clark (January 7, 1869 \u2013 February 4, 1950) was an American journalist and newspaper publisher. In addition to his journalistic activities, he served as the last Governor of the District of Alaska from 1909 to 1912, and the first Governor of Alaska Territory from 1912 to 1913.", "Q3734755": "Bernard Budiansky (8 March 1925 \u2013 23 January 1999) was a renowned scholar in the field of applied mechanics, and made seminal contributions to the mechanics of structures and mechanics of materials. He was a recipient of the Timoshenko Medal.", "Q412342": "Namkoong Min (Hangul: \ub0a8\uad81\ubbfc, born March 12, 1978) is a South Korean actor, director and screenwriter. He first gained recognition with neo-noir film A Dirty Carnival (2006), and has since received praise for his performances in Remember: War of the Son (2015\u20132016), Beautiful Gong Shim (2016), Good Manager (2017), Falsify (2017), Doctor Prisoner (2019).", "Q1586732": "Harrison Franklin Reser (January 17, 1896 \u2013 September 27, 1965) was an American banjo player and bandleader. Born in Piqua, Ohio, Reser was best known as the leader of The Clicquot Club Eskimos. He was regarded by some as the best banjoist of the 1920s.", "Q953797": "Jumpin' Gene Simmons (July 10, 1933 \u2013 August 29, 2006) was an American rockabilly singer and songwriter, best known for his 1964 novelty single \"Haunted House\".", "Q271482": "Elyse Marie Levesque (; born September 10, 1985) is a Canadian film and television actress. She is known for playing Chloe Armstrong in the Syfy original series Stargate Universe and the witch Genevieve in The Originals.", "Q79088": "Robert Hamerling (March 24, 1830 \u2013 July 13, 1889) was an Austrian poet.", "Q174224": "Wilmington (Lenape: Paxahakink / Pakehakink) is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Delaware. The city was built on the site of Fort Christina, the first Swedish settlement in North America. It is at the confluence of the Christina River and Brandywine River, near where the Christina flows into the Delaware River. It is the county seat of New Castle County and one of the major cities in the Delaware Valley metropolitan area. Wilmington was named by Proprietor Thomas Penn after his friend Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington, who was prime minister during the reign of George II of Great Britain.\nAs of the 2018 United States Census estimate, the city's population is 70,635. It is the fifth least populous city in the U.S. to be the most populous in its state. The Wilmington Metropolitan Division, comprising New Castle County, DE, Cecil County, MD and Salem County, NJ, had an estimated 2016 population of 719,887. The Delaware Valley metropolitan area, which includes the cities of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Camden, New Jersey, had a 2016 population of 6,070,500, and a combined statistical area of 7,179,357.", "Q36947": "Salvador (English: Savior), also known as S\u00e3o Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos (English: Holy Savior of the Bay of All Saints), is the capital of the Brazilian state of Bahia. With 2.9 million people (2017), it is the largest city proper in the Northeast Region and the 4th largest city proper in the country, after S\u00e3o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Bras\u00edlia.\nFounded by the Portuguese in 1549 as the first capital of Brazil, Salvador is one of the oldest colonial cities in the Americas. A sharp escarpment divides its Lower Town (Cidade Baixa) from its Upper Town (Cidade Alta) by some 85 meters (279 ft). The Elevador Lacerda, Brazil's first urban elevator, has connected the two since 1873. The Pelourinho district of the upper town, still home to many examples of Portuguese colonial architecture and historical monuments, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985. The city's cathedral is the see of the primate of Brazil and its Carnival celebration has been reckoned as the largest party in the world. Salvador was one of the first slave ports in the Americas and the African influence of the slaves' descendants makes it a center of Afro-Brazilian (negro) culture. The city is noted for its cuisine, music, dance and architecture. Porto da Barra Beach in Barra has been named one of the best beaches in the world. Itaipava Arena Fonte Nova was the site of the city's games during the 2014 Brazilian World Cup and 2013 Confederations Cup.\nSalvador forms the heart of the Rec\u00f4ncavo, Bahia's rich agricultural and industrial maritime district, and continues to be a major Brazilian port. Its metropolitan area, housing 3 899 533 people (2018) forms the wealthiest one in Brazil's Northeast Region (2015).", "Q70912": "Oliver Pocher (born 18 February 1978, in Hanover) is a German actor, stand-up comedian, television host and former football manager who managed Zanzibar national team from 2005 to 2006.", "Q51704": "Indira Vasanti Samarasekera , (n\u00e9e Arulpragasam; April 11, 1952), was the 12th president and vice-chancellor of the University of Alberta. She has been a member of the Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments, which advises on appointments to the Senate of Canada, since 2016.", "Q391562": "Frank Zacharias Robin Goldsmith, Baron Goldsmith of Richmond Park, PC (born 20 January 1975) is a British politician and journalist who serves as Minister of State for the Pacific, International Environment, Climate and Forests, and Animal Welfare. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Richmond Park from 2017 to 2019, previously holding the seat between 2010 and 2016. A member of the Conservative Party, he was its candidate at the 2016 London mayoral election, which he lost to Sadiq Khan of the Labour Party. Ideologically characterised as having liberal and libertarian views, Goldsmith is known for his environmentalist and localist beliefs.\nBorn in London, the son of billionaire businessman and financier Sir James Goldsmith of the Goldsmith family, he was educated at Eton College and the Cambridge Centre for Sixth-form Studies. In 1998, his uncle Edward Goldsmith made him editor of The Ecologist, a position he retained until 2007. Goldsmith was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Quality of Life Policy Group in 2005, co-authoring its report published in 2007.\nGoldsmith was placed on the Conservative \"A-List\" of potential candidates in 2006, and then in March 2007, he was selected through an open primary to contest the constituency of Richmond Park against the incumbent Liberal Democrat MP, Susan Kramer. At the 2010 general election, he was elected to Parliament winning the seat with a majority of 4,091 votes.At the 2015 general election, Goldsmith was returned to the Commons with a majority of 23,015, an increase of almost 19,000 votes since 2010, against his nearest opponent. He was chosen as the London Conservatives candidate for the 2016 election for mayor of London, which he subsequently lost to London Labour candidate Sadiq Khan in the second round by 315,529 votes. His campaign was criticised for being \"divisive\" by focusing on attempts to link Khan to Islamist extremists. He announced his resignation as an MP following the government's decision in October 2016 to approve the construction of a third runway at Heathrow Airport. His resignation triggered a by-election in the Richmond Park constituency in which Goldsmith stood as an independent candidate. He was defeated by Sarah Olney of the Liberal Democrats. After Theresa May called the 2017 general election, Goldsmith was reselected as the Conservative Party candidate for Richmond Park and won with a narrow majority of 45 votes.Goldsmith was made Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Environment and International Development on 27 July 2019 and has attended Cabinet as Minister of State since 10 September 2019. He was defeated again at the 2019 general election by Olney. After the election, Boris Johnson awarded Goldsmith with a life peerage, making him a member of the House of Lords and allowing him to retain his ministerial position. On 13 February 2020, he acquired the additional role of Minister of State for Foreign Affairs with responsibility for the Pacific.", "Q164037": "David Breakenridge Read (13 June 1823 \u2013 11 May 1904) was a Canadian lawyer, educator, author, and Mayor of Toronto in 1858. Read was Mayor of Toronto from November 11, 1858 to December 31, 1858. He served a mere 50 fifty days, thus making him the shortest serving Mayor of that city.\nBorn in Merrickville, Ontario, the sixth child of John Landon Read [1789-??] and Janet Breakenridge [1795-1832]. Read was educated in Brockville, and, at the age of thirteen, was accepted into Toronto's Upper Canada College. Four years later, 1840, he was admitted to the Law Society of Upper Canada. Read began his law articles while working for George Sherwood in Brockville. His studies were finished with John Ross in Belleville and then John Willoughby Crawford in Toronto. Read was admitted into the bar in 1845. He then began a law practice which became successful. In 1845 he served as Barrister at Law.\nHe married Emily Ballard, born 1827, daughter of Norman Ballard. The couple had seven children.\nIn November 1855, he was elected a Bencher of the Law Society of Upper Canada. The next year, Read was appointed by Attorney General John A.MacDonald to a commission to revise the statutes of Upper Canada. Read served as a junior commissioner and was the commission's secretary. In 1858, he was elected to Toronto City Council as alderman for St Patrick\u2019s Ward. Council appointed him Mayor of Toronto on November 11, 1858 after his predecessor, William Henry Boulton, announced his resignation. He served in that post until December 31 of that year, when Adam Wilson was elected to take that post. He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada.\nRead continued to serve in the Law Society until his retirement in April 1881 at the age of 55. In November 1902, at the age of 79, Read suffered a stroke that would leave him bedridden for the final year and half until his death. He died on May 11, 1904, and was buried among many of his colleagues in a private funeral at St. James Cemetery in Toronto.", "Q172655": "Paul Russo (April 10, 1914 in Kenosha, Wisconsin \u2013 February 13, 1976 in Clearwater, Florida) was an American racecar driver.", "Q388033": "\u015eahika Tekand (born 1959) is a Turkish actress. She appeared in more than fifteen films since 1987.", "Q68185": "Bremgarten bei Bern is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q541068": "Stephen F. Kroft (born August 22, 1945) is an American journalist (now retired), best known as a long-time correspondent for 60 Minutes. His investigative reporting has garnered him acclaim that includes three Peabody Awards and nine Emmy awards, one of which was an Emmy for Lifetime Achievement.", "Q258010": "Elizabeth Margaret McClarnon (born 10 April 1981) is an English pop singer, songwriter, dancer and television presenter. She is a member of the girl group Atomic Kitten, with whom she has scored three number-one singles and also two number-one albums. In 2006 she went solo and the group reformed in 2012 as part of The Big Reunion, scoring a hit with a cover of Wizzard's \"I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday\". McClarnon co-wrote several Atomic Kitten songs, including the UK Top 10 hits \"See Ya\", \"I Want Your Love\" and \"Someone like Me\".", "Q434385": "Johan Ludwig William Valdemar Jensen, mostly known as Johan Jensen (8 May 1859 \u2013 5 March 1925), was a Danish mathematician and engineer. He was the president of the Danish Mathematical Society from 1892 to 1903.", "Q58046": "Julius Schreck (13 July 1898 \u2013 16 May 1936) was an early senior Nazi official and close confidant of Adolf Hitler.\nBorn in Munich, Schreck served in World War I and shortly afterwards joined right-wing paramilitary units. He joined the Nazi Party in 1920 and developed a close friendship with Adolf Hitler. Schreck was a founding member of the Sturmabteilung (\"Storm Detachment\"; SA) and was active in its development. Later in 1925, he became the first leader of the Schutzstaffel (\"Protection Squadron\"; SS). He then served for a time as a chauffeur for Hitler. Schreck developed meningitis in 1936 and died on 16 May of that year. Hitler gave him a state funeral which was attended by several members of the Nazi elite with Hitler delivering the eulogy.", "Q247130": "3:10 to Yuma is a 1957 American Western film directed by Delmer Daves and starring Glenn Ford and Van Heflin. Based on a 1953 short story by Elmore Leonard, the film is about a drought-impoverished rancher who takes on the risky job of escorting a notorious outlaw to justice. In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".The title song, \"3:10 to Yuma\", was by George Duning (music), with lyrics by Ned Washington and was sung at the beginning and end of the film by Frankie Laine. He recorded it for Columbia Records in 1957 (with the Jimmy Carroll Orchestra) and in 1960 (with the Johnny Williams Orchestra). It was also recorded by Sandy Denny in 1967. The film was remade in 2007, directed by James Mangold and starring Russell Crowe and Christian Bale.", "Q354158": "Henry Threadgill (born February 15, 1944) is an American composer, saxophonist and flautist. He came to prominence in the 1970s leading ensembles rooted in jazz but with unusual instrumentation and often incorporating other genres of music. He has performed and recorded with several ensembles: Air, Aggregation Orb, Make a Move, the seven-piece Henry Threadgill Sextett, the twenty-piece Society Situation Dance Band, Very Very Circus, X-75, and Zooid.\nHe was awarded the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Music for his album In for a Penny, In for a Pound, which premiered at Roulette Intermedium on December 4, 2014", "Q3591351": "\u00c9ric Savin (born Dijon, 14 November 1964) is a French film and TV actor.\n\n", "Q334874": "Sighetu Marma\u021biei (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02ccsi\u0261etu mar\u02c8mat\u0361si.ej], also spelled Sighetul Marma\u021biei; German: Marmaroschsiget or Siget; Hungarian: M\u00e1ramarossziget, Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8ma\u02d0r\u0252m\u0252ro\u0283si\u0261\u025bt] (listen); Slovak: Siho\u0165; Ukrainian: \u0421\u0438\u0433\u0456\u0442 Syhit; Yiddish: \u05e1\u05d9\u05d2\u05e2\u05d8\u200e Siget), until 1964 Sighet, is a city (municipality) in Maramure\u0219 County near the Iza River, in northwestern Romania.", "Q176433": "The Mortal Storm is a 1940 drama film from MGM directed by Frank Borzage and starring Margaret Sullavan and James Stewart. It shows the impact upon Germany\u2019s people in general and upon one family, the Roths, in particular, after Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany (on January 30, 1933) and he and his fascist followers gain unlimited power. The supporting cast features Robert Young, Robert Stack, Frank Morgan, Dan Dailey, Ward Bond and Maria Ouspenskaya.", "Q98504": "Gabi Bauer (born 21 July 1962 in Celle) is a German journalist and television presenter.\n\n", "Q7317": "Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (Italian: [d\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bppe \u02c8verdi]; 9 or 10 October 1813 \u2013 27 January 1901) was an Italian opera composer. He was born near Busseto to a provincial family of moderate means, and developed a musical education with the help of a local patron. Verdi came to dominate the Italian opera scene after the era of Vincenzo Bellini, Gaetano Donizetti, and Gioachino Rossini, whose works significantly influenced him.\nIn his early operas, Verdi demonstrated a sympathy with the Risorgimento movement which sought the unification of Italy. He also participated briefly as an elected politician. The chorus \"Va, pensiero\" from his early opera Nabucco (1842), and similar choruses in later operas, were much in the spirit of the unification movement, and the composer himself became esteemed as a representative of these ideals. An intensely private person, Verdi, however, did not seek to ingratiate himself with popular movements and as he became professionally successful was able to reduce his operatic workload and sought to establish himself as a landowner in his native region. He surprised the musical world by returning, after his success with the opera Aida (1871), with three late masterpieces: his Requiem (1874), and the operas Otello (1887) and Falstaff (1893).\nHis operas remain extremely popular, especially the three peaks of his 'middle period': Rigoletto, Il trovatore and La traviata, and the 2013 bicentenary of his birth was widely celebrated in broadcasts and performances.\n\n", "Q205303": "Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa (1532\u20131592) was a Spanish explorer, author, historian, mathematician, astronomer, and scientist. His birthplace is not certain and may have been Pontevedra, in Galicia, where his paternal family originated, or Alcal\u00e1 de Henares in Castile, where he later is known to have studied . His father Bartolom\u00e9 Sarmiento was born in Pontevedra and his mother Mar\u00eda Gamboa was born in Bilbao, Basque Country.", "Q339388": "Sunchaser (titled on-screen as The Sunchaser) is a 1996 film directed by Michael Cimino and starring Woody Harrelson, Jon Seda and Anne Bancroft. It was director Cimino's last feature-length film.", "Q348571": "Ronald Wayne Van Zant (January 15, 1948 \u2013 October 20, 1977) was an American musician known as the lead vocalist, primary lyricist, and founding member of the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. He was the older brother of two other rock vocalists: current Lynyrd Skynyrd lead vocalist Johnny Van Zant and Donnie Van Zant, the founder and vocalist of 38 Special. He was the father of Tammy Van Zant and Melody Van Zant.", "Q170042": "William Smith Monroe (; September 13, 1911 \u2013 September 9, 1996) was an American mandolinist, singer, and songwriter, who created the style of music known as bluegrass. Because of this, he is often called the \"Father of Bluegrass\".The genre takes its name from his band, the Blue Grass Boys, who named their group for the Kentucky bluegrass of Monroe's home state of Kentucky. Monroe's performing career spanned 69 years as a singer, instrumentalist, composer and bandleader.", "Q2856804": "Antoine Vincent Walsh (1703 \u2013 1763), was an Irish-born shipowner and slave trader, operating in Nantes, France; whose family were exiled Jacobites.", "Q140181": "Rachel Emily Nichols (born January 8, 1980) is an American actress and model. Nichols began modeling while attending Columbia University in New York City in the late 1990s, and transitioned into acting by the early 2000s; she had a part in the romantic drama Autumn in New York (2000) and a one-episode role in the fourth season of Sex and the City (2002). Her first major role was in the comedy Dumb and Dumberer: When Harry Met Lloyd (2003), and she went on to achieve wider recognition playing Rachel Gibson in the final season of the action television series Alias (2005\u20132006) and for her role in the horror film The Amityville Horror (2005).\nNichols obtained her first starring film role in the thriller P2 (2007), and found mainstream success with the science-fiction action films Star Trek (2009) and G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009). Her other notable films include The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 (2008), Conan the Barbarian (2011), Alex Cross (2012), Raze (2013), and Inside (2016). Nichols starred in the television series Continuum (2012\u20132015), and played notable roles in the sixth season of Criminal Minds (2010\u20132011), the fourth seasons of both Chicago Fire (2015\u20132016) and The Librarians (2017\u20132018), and five episodes as a Gestapo officer named Martha on The Man in the High Castle.", "Q382278": "Rolf \u00c5ke Mikael Nyqvist (Swedish: [\u02c8n\u0177\u02d0kv\u026ast]; 8 November 1960 \u2013 27 June 2017), better known as Michael Nyqvist, was a Swedish actor. Educated at the School of Drama in Malm\u00f6, he became well known for playing police officer Banck in the 1997\u20131998 Martin Beck TV series and for his leading role in the 2001 film Grabben i graven bredvid. He was internationally recognized for his role as Mikael Blomkvist in the acclaimed Millennium series and as the lead villains in Mission: Impossible \u2013 Ghost Protocol (as Kurt Hendricks) and John Wick (as Viggo Tarasov). In 2004, he played the leading role in As It Is in Heaven which was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 77th Academy Awards.", "Q6009": "Kauhava is a town and municipality of Finland.\nIt is part of the Southern Ostrobothnia region, 400 kilometres (250 mi) northwest of Helsinki and by the main railway from Helsinki to Oulu. The town has a population of 15,991 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 1,328.09 square kilometres (512.78 sq mi) of which 14.63 km2 (5.65 sq mi) is water. The population density is 12.17 inhabitants per square kilometre (31.5/sq mi).", "Q64967": "Hettlingen is a municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q116648": "Liliane Maury Pasquier (born 16 December 1956) is a Swiss politician, member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland, elected to the Swiss Council of States for the canton of Geneva in 2007, and is currently a member of a delegation that cooperates with the French parliament to foster cooperation between the countries. In June 2018 she was elected as the President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.\nOn 20 March 2008, Maury Pasquier was reported in the media for remarks critical of Swiss Foreign Minister, Micheline Calmy-Rey for having worn a headscarf to a meeting with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to sign a gas contract, alleging that it had offended Iranian feminists.\nIn 2011, Maury Pasquier called on Swiss banks to ban investments in companies associated with anti-personnel mines and cluster munitions, following findings according to which 16 Swiss companies are among 166 leading financial institutions worldwide that are funding cluster bomb and parts manufacturing.A member of the Swiss delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since 2012, Maury Pasquier has served on a number of committees, including the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy and the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee). In addition, she was chairwoman of the Committee on Rules of Procedure, Immunities and Institutional Affairs as well as the co-rapporteur for the monitoring of Russia (alongside former Greek foreign minister Dora Bakoyannis). She was also part of a PACE pre-electoral delegation to Armenia ahead of the 2017 national elections. She led the Socialist Group within the Assembly before being elected its President in June 2018. She is the 32nd President of the Assembly since its creation in 1949, and only the fourth woman to hold the post.", "Q310295": "Richard Wayne Van Dyke (born December 13, 1925) is an American actor, comedian, writer, singer, and dancer, whose award-winning career has spanned seven decades.\nVan Dyke first gained recognition on radio and Broadway, then he became known for his role as Rob Petrie on the CBS television sitcom The Dick Van Dyke Show, which ran from 1961 to 1966. He also gained significant popularity for roles in the musical films Bye Bye Birdie (1963), Mary Poppins (1964), and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968). His other prominent film appearances include roles in The Comic (1969), Dick Tracy (1990), Curious George (2006), Night at the Museum (2006), Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb (2014), and Mary Poppins Returns (2018). Other prominent TV roles include the leads in The New Dick Van Dyke Show (1971\u201374), Diagnosis: Murder (1993\u20132001), and Murder 101 (2006\u201308) which both co-starred his son Barry.\nVan Dyke is the recipient of five Primetime Emmys, a Tony, and a Grammy Award, and was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1995. He received the Screen Actors Guild's highest honor, the SAG Life Achievement Award, in 2013. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7021 Hollywood Boulevard and has also been recognized as a Disney Legend.", "Q703778": "Neo-psychedelia is a diverse genre of psychedelic music that originated in the 1970s as an outgrowth of the British post-punk scene, also called acid punk. Its practitioners drew from the unusual sounds of 1960s psychedelia, either updating or copying the approaches from that era. After post-punk, neo-psychedelia flourished into a more widespread and international movement of artists who applied the spirit of psychedelic rock to new sounds and techniques. Neo-psychedelia may also include forays into psychedelic pop, jangly guitar rock, heavily distorted free-form jams, or recording experiments. A wave of British alternative rock in the early 1990s spawned the subgenres dream pop and shoegazing.", "Q111127": "Margarete \"Grete\" Wittkowski (18 August 1910 - 20 October 1974) was a German economist and politician (KPD / SED). Between 1961 and 1967 she served as deputy chair of the East German Council of Ministers, the only woman ever to hold this post. Between 1974 and 1990 she served as President of the East German National Bank.", "Q109768": "Yoshimichi Hara (\u539f\u5609\u9053) (February 18, 1867 \u2013 August 7, 1944) was a Japanese statesman and the president of the Japanese privy council during World War II, from June 1940 until his death. \nHara was always reluctant to use military force. In particular, he protested against the outbreak of the Pacific war at Gozen Kaigi. \nHistorian Charles Kupfer contradicts this statement in Indomitable Will: Turning Defeat into Victory from Pearl Harbor to Midway, Hara recognized the growing threat of American influence in the pacific region prior to American involvement in World War II, and was a key advocate for the attack on Pearl Harbor. Hara was of the opinion that the longer Japan waited to engage the United States, the weaker its position would become thus subjugating the island nation to the will of American dominance in the region. Indeed Hara as president of the privy council, had very little political control, since almost all political power was concentrated in war cabinets. Hara did, however, act as the voice for Emperor Hirohito in the privy counsel and delivered the Emperor's decision to go to war on December 1, 1941 stating that to yield to American demands would threaten the existence of the Empire of Japan.\nAfter his death, Hara was decorated with the posthumous title of Imperial Baron (\u7537\u7235, danshaku). He was the last commoner to become part of the Japanese aristocracy.", "Q1020699": "Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) is a private art school with locations in Savannah, Georgia; Atlanta; Hong Kong; and Lacoste, France.\nFounded in 1978 to provide degrees in programs not yet offered in the southeast of the United States, the university now operates two locations in Georgia, a degree-granting location in Hong Kong, a degree-granting online education program, and a study abroad location in Lacoste, France. The university enrolls more than 13,000 students from across the United States and around the world with international students comprising up to 14 percent of the student population. SCAD is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges and other professional accrediting bodies.", "Q431772": "Passion Fish is a 1992 American film written and directed by John Sayles. The film stars Mary McDonnell, Alfre Woodard, Vondie Curtis-Hall, David Strathairn, Leo Burmester, and Angela Bassett.\nIt tells the story of a soap opera star, paralyzed after being struck by a taxi, who is forced to return to her family home and rely upon a series of nurses, forcing each of them to leave her employment until one shows up guaranteed to stay.\n\n", "Q1700060": "John Fields (born September 11, 1968) is an American record producer and musician. Fields has produced for a number of musical artists, including the Jonas Brothers, Switchfoot, Pink, Har Mar Superstar, Miley Cyrus, Drake Bell, Andrew W.K., Busted and Demi Lovato. He also has played a number of musical instruments on various albums, and even occasionally performed live with bands such as Nick Jonas & the Administration, Soul Asylum, and The Rembrandts. He is a founding member of the Minneapolis Funk Collective, Greazy Meal.", "Q139873": "Noureddine Yazid Zerhouni (Arabic: \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u064a\u200e) (born 1937, Tunis) is the former interior minister of Algeria. In 2000, he was hospitalized in Baltimore, Maryland with an undisclosed condition.", "Q108476": "David Chotjewitz (born May 14, 1964, in Berlin) is a German writer and theatre director who lives in Hamburg.\n\n", "Q74023": "Lyudmyla Leontiivna Denisova (Ukrainian: \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0457\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430; Russian: \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430) (born July 6, 1960 in Arkhangelsk, Russian SFSR) is a Ukrainian politician and former Minister of Labor and Social Policy who on 15 March 2018 was elected Commissioner for Human Rights in Ukraine.", "Q428223": "Robert Anthony Plant (born 20 August 1948) is an English singer, songwriter, and musician, best known as the lead singer and lyricist of the rock band Led Zeppelin.\nPlant enjoyed great success with Led Zeppelin from the late 1960s to the end of the 1970s. He developed a compelling image as the charismatic rock-and-roll front man, similar to contemporaries such as Roger Daltrey of the Who, Freddie Mercury of Queen, Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones and Jim Morrison of the Doors. With his mane of long blond hair and powerful, bare-chested appearance, Plant helped to create the \"god of rock and roll\" or \"rock god\" archetype. Although Led Zeppelin dissolved in 1980, Plant occasionally collaborated with Jimmy Page on various projects through this period, including forming a short-lived all-star group with Page and Jeff Beck in 1984, called the Honeydrippers. They released an album called The Honeydrippers: Volume One, and the band had a No. 3 hit with a remake of Phil Phillips' tune \"Sea of Love\", plus a follow-up hit with a cover of Roy Brown's \"Rockin' at Midnight\".\nA powerful and wide vocal range (particularly evident in his high-registered vocals) has given Plant a successful singing career spanning over 50 years. In 2008, Rolling Stone editors ranked him number 15 on their list of the 100 best singers of all time. In 2011, Rolling Stone readers ranked Plant the greatest of all lead singers. In 2006, Hit Parader magazine named Plant the \"Greatest Metal Vocalist of All Time\". In 2009, Plant was voted \"the greatest voice in rock\" in a poll conducted by Planet Rock.", "Q232020": "Les Biches (English: The Does) is a 1968 French-Italian drama film starring St\u00e9phane Audran, Jean-Louis Trintignant, and Jacqueline Sassard. It was directed by Claude Chabrol, and depicts a tortured lesbian relationship between the Audran and Sassard characters. Audran won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 18th Berlin International Film Festival. The film had a total of 627,164 admissions in France.While the film does not acknowledge any literary sources, it is loosely based on Patricia Highsmith's novel, The Talented Mr. Ripley. Chabrol's screenwriter, Paul G\u00e9gauff, had adapted the Highsmith novel into Purple Noon in 1960. Les biches switches the gender of the main characters.\n\n", "Q62899": "William Stephen George Mann (born 1962) is a Canadian engineer, professor, and inventor known for his work in augmented reality, computational photography, particularly wearable computing, and high dynamic range imaging. He also founded InteraXon, makers of the Muse and Muse2 brain-sensing headband, and is also a founding member of the IEEE Council on Extended Intelligence (CXI).\nMann was born in Canada, and currently lives in Stanford/Palo Alto, California, with his wife and two children.", "Q214959": "Harry Belafonte (born Harold George Bellanfanti Jr.; March 1, 1927) is a Jamaican-American singer, songwriter, activist, and actor. One of the most successful Jamaican-American pop stars in history, he was dubbed the \"King of Calypso\" for popularizing the Caribbean musical style with an international audience in the 1950s. His breakthrough album Calypso (1956) is the first million-selling LP by a single artist. Belafonte is known for his recording of \"The Banana Boat Song\", with its signature lyric \"Day-O\". He has recorded and performed in many genres, including blues, folk, gospel, show tunes, and American standards. He has also starred in several films, including Otto Preminger's hit musical Carmen Jones (1954), Island in the Sun (1957), and Robert Wise's Odds Against Tomorrow (1959).\nBelafonte was an early supporter of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s and was a confidant of Martin Luther King Jr.. Throughout his career, he has been an advocate for political and humanitarian causes, such as the Anti-Apartheid Movement and USA for Africa. Since 1987, he has been a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. He was a vocal critic of the policies of the George W. Bush presidential administrations. Belafonte acts as the American Civil Liberties Union celebrity ambassador for juvenile justice issues.Belafonte has won three Grammy Awards (including a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award), an Emmy Award, and a Tony Award. In 1989, he received the Kennedy Center Honors. He was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1994. In 2014, he received the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award at the Academy's 6th Annual Governors Awards.", "Q103523": "Michael Meister (born 9 June 1961) is a German politician. Born in Lorsch, Hesse, he represents the CDU. Michael Meister has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Hesse since 1994.", "Q810447": "A bass ( BAYSS) musical instrument produces tones in the low-pitched range C4- C2. Basses belong to different families of instruments and can cover a wide range of musical roles. Since producing low pitches usually requires a long air column or string, the string and wind bass instruments are usually the largest instruments in their families or instrument classes.\nAs seen in the musical instrument classification article, categorizing instruments can be difficult. For example, some instruments fall into more than one category. The cello is considered a tenor instrument in some orchestral settings, but in a string quartet it is the bass instrument.Examples grouped by general form and playing technique include:\n\nDouble bass from the viol or violin family (usually the instrument referred to as a \"bass\" in European classical music and jazz. Sometimes called a \"string bass\" to differentiate it from a \"brass bass\" or \"bass horn\", or an \"upright bass\" to differentiate it from a \"bass guitar\"). It was first developed in 16th century Europe.\nBass guitar and acoustic bass guitar, instruments shaped, constructed and held (or worn) like guitars, that play in the bass range. The electric bass guitar is usually the instrument referred to as a \"bass\" in pop and rock music. The electric bass guitar was first developed by Leo Fender in 1951 and quickly replaced the more unwieldy double bass among non-classical musicians.\nA bass horn, such as a tuba, serpent, and sousaphone from the wind family and low-tuned versions of specific types of brass and woodwind instruments, such as bassoon, bass clarinet, bass trombone and bass saxophone, etc. (less common usage). The serpent was invented around the end of the 15th century, with lower instruments, such as the bass-tuba appearing over subsequent centuries.\nKeyboard bass, a keyboard alternative to the bass guitar or double bass (e.g. the Fender Rhodes piano bass in the 1960s or 13-note MIDI keyboard controllers in the 2000s). This instrument peaked in popularity during the late 1970s and early 1980s, being particularly associated with the synth pop genre.\nWashtub bass, a simple folk instrument. Also known as a \"gutbucket\", it is generally believed to have derived from the African ground bow.A musician playing one of these instruments is often known as a bassist. Other more specific terms such as 'bass guitarist', 'double bassist', 'bass player', etc. may also be used.", "Q784171": "The National University of La Plata (Spanish: Universidad Nacional de La Plata, UNLP) is one of the most important Argentine national universities and the biggest one situated in the city of La Plata, capital of Buenos Aires Province. It has over 90,000 regular students, 10,000 teaching staff, 17 departments and 106 available degrees.\nUNLP comprises the Rafael Hern\u00e1ndez National College, the Victor Mercante Lyceum, the Bachelor of Fine Arts program, the School of Agronomy, the La Plata University Radio, the La Plata University Press and numerous academic centers for research and outreach including La Plata Museum of Natural Sciences, the University Public Library, the Samay Huasi Retreat for Artists and Writers, the Institute of Physical Education, the Astronomical Observatory and the Santa Catalina Rural Association.\nThe institution began operations on April 18, 1897, as the Universidad Provincial de La Plata with Dr. Dardo Rocha as its rector. In 1905, Joaqu\u00edn V. Gonz\u00e1lez, the Minister of Justice and Public Education of the government of Manuel Quintana, decided to nationalize it. Gonz\u00e1lez also integrated many municipal scientific institutions into the university, and a year later he became the first President of the National University of La Plata. Today the university holds one of the most important paleontological and anthropological collections in South America.", "Q433165": "Alexander Contee Hanson (February 27, 1786 \u2013 April 23, 1819) was an American lawyer, publisher, and statesman. He represented the third district of Maryland in the U.S. House, and the state of Maryland in the U.S. Senate.", "Q2938": "Leverkusen (, German: [\u02c8le\u02d0v\u0250\u02ccku\u02d0zn\u0329] (listen), also [le\u02d0\u0250\u02c8ku\u02d0zn\u0329]) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany on the eastern bank of the Rhine. To the south, Leverkusen borders the city of Cologne and to the north is the state capital D\u00fcsseldorf.\nWith about 161,000 inhabitants, Leverkusen is one of the state's smaller cities. The city is known for the pharmaceutical company Bayer and its associated sports club Bayer 04 Leverkusen.", "Q375419": "Corey Scott Feldman (born July 16, 1971) is an American actor, voice actor, singer, and activist. He became well known during the 1980s, with roles as a youth in films such as Gremlins (1984), The Goonies (1985), and Stand by Me (1986). In 1987, Feldman starred in the horror film The Lost Boys with Corey Haim; they became known as \"The Two Coreys\" and went on to appear in other films together, including License to Drive (1988) and Dream a Little Dream (1989).", "Q269742": "Bae Doona (Korean: \ubc30\ub450\ub098; Korean pronunciation: [p\u025bduna]; born October 11, 1979) is a South Korean actress and photographer. She became known outside Korea for her roles as a political activist in Park Chan-wook's Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance (2002), archer Park Nam-joo in Bong Joon-ho's The Host (2006), and as an inflatable sex doll-come-to-life in Hirokazu Kore-eda's Air Doll (2009). She has had English-speaking roles in the Wachowski films Cloud Atlas (2012) and Jupiter Ascending (2015), and their TV series Sense8 (2015\u20132018). Her latest work is on a Netflix period zombie thriller Kingdom (2019\u2013present).", "Q921": "Brunei ( (listen) broo-NY; Malay: [bruna\u026a] (listen)), officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Malay: Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: \u0646\u06ac\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u200e), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, the country is completely surrounded by the insular Malaysian state of Sarawak. It is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo; the remainder of the island's territory is divided between the nations of Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei's population was 428,963 in 2018. The government is an absolute monarchy under the Sultan which implements sharia law and directs Islamic practices.At the peak of the Bruneian Empire, Sultan Bolkiah (reigned 1485\u20131528) is alleged to have had control over most regions of Borneo, including modern-day Sarawak and Sabah, as well as the Sulu Archipelago off the northeast tip of Borneo, Seludong (modern-day Manila), and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo. The maritime state was visited by Spain's Magellan Expedition in 1521 and fought against Spain in the 1578 Castilian War.\nDuring the 19th century, the Bruneian Empire began to decline. The Sultanate ceded Sarawak (Kuching) to James Brooke and installed him as the White Rajah, and it ceded Sabah to the British North Borneo Chartered Company. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate and was assigned a British resident as colonial manager in 1906. After the Japanese occupation during World War II, in 1959 a new constitution was written. In 1962, a small armed rebellion against the monarchy was ended with the help of the British.Brunei gained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984. Economic growth during the 1990s and 2000s, with the GDP increasing 56% from 1999 to 2008, transformed Brunei into an industrialised country. It has developed wealth from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields. Brunei has the second-highest Human Development Index among the Southeast Asian nations, after Singapore, and is classified as a \"developed country\". According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Brunei is ranked fifth in the world by gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity. The IMF estimated in 2011 that Brunei was one of two countries (the other being Libya) with a public debt at 0% of the national GDP. Forbes also ranks Brunei as the fifth-richest nation out of 182, based on its petroleum and natural gas fields.", "Q604765": "Antonio Ruberti (24 January 1927 \u2013 4 September 2000) was an Italian politician and engineer. He was a member of the Italian Government and a European Commissioner as well as a Professor of engineering at La Sapienza University.", "Q990253": "Henley-on-Thames ( (listen) HEN-lee) is a town and civil parish on the River Thames in Oxfordshire, England, 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Reading, 7 miles (11 km) west of Maidenhead and 23 miles (37 km) southeast of Oxford, near the tripoint of Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Buckinghamshire. The population at the 2011 Census was 11,619.", "Q453691": "Quentin Dupieux (French pronunciation: \u200b[k\u0251\u0303t\u025b\u0303 dypj\u00f8], born 15 April 1974), also known by his stage name Mr. Oizo (French pronunciation: \u200b[m\u0259sj\u00f8 wazo]), is a French electronic musician, DJ and film director, best known for his 1999 single \"Flat Beat\". His pseudonym is a corruption of the French oiseau, meaning \"bird\". He is signed to Ed Banger Records and Brainfeeder. Dupieux uses his full name for his cinematic work, Mr. Oizo being only used for his musical work.", "Q69714": "Le Grand-Saconnex is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.\nSeveral international organizations and permanent missions to the United Nations are located in Grand Saconnex. Consequently, the population of Grand Saconnex is quite cosmopolitan one of the most diverse in Switzerland, with nearly 40% of the population being born outside of Switzerland.Geneva International Airport is partially within the borders of Le Grand-Saconnex.", "Q782500": "Luc Charles Henri Beyer de Ryke (9 September 1933 \u2013 18 January 2018) was a Belgian journalist and politician. He succeeded Jean Rey as a member of the European Parliament in 1980 and served until 1989. He died in Paris of a ruptured aorta on 18 January 2018, aged 84.", "Q276662": "Jos\u00e9 Antonio Nieto S\u00e1nchez, known professionally as Pep\u00f3n Nieto (born 20 January, 1967) is a Spanish actor.\nHe started his acting career in a 1993 episode of the Antena 3 TV series Farmacia de Guardia. He has appeared in other TV series: Periodistas, La vida de Rita and Los hombres de Paco.He has also acted in theatre and films. He has performed in several Spanish theatre plays such as Las Mocedades del Cid, 'El caballero del milagro by Lope de Vega, Don Juan Tenorio and Le D\u00eener de cons.\nHe has received several awards: Best Actor in the Festival de Toulouse for Asuntos Internos; Premio Anto\u00f1ita Colome of the Asociaci\u00f3n de Escritores Cinematogr\u00e1ficos de Andaluc\u00eda; Best Actor for El tiempo de la Felicidad; prize of the Uni\u00f3n de Actores al Mejor Actor de Televisi\u00f3n for Periodistas; and premio Ercilla for Le D\u00eener de cons.", "Q11877": "Ivory Joe Hunter (October 10, 1914 \u2013 November 8, 1974) was an American rhythm-and-blues singer, songwriter, and pianist. After a series of hits on the US R&B chart starting in the mid-1940s, he became more widely known for his hit recording \"Since I Met You Baby\" (1956). He was billed as The Baron of the Boogie, and also known as The Happiest Man Alive. His musical output ranged from R&B to blues, boogie-woogie, and country music, and Hunter made a name in all of those genres. Uniquely, he was honored at both the Monterey Jazz Festival and the Grand Ole Opry.", "Q372410": "Yumi Kobayashi (\u5c0f\u6797 \u512a\u7f8e, Kobayashi Yumi, born November 26, 1988) is a female fashion model from Tokyo, Japan. She belongs to the show-business production Burning Production, K.K. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30d0\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u30d7\u30ed\u30c0\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3) and used to belong to Platica Inc.\nHer show-business name from July 2007 to March 2008 was Yumi Uno (\u5b87\u91ce \u512a\u7f8e).", "Q710704": "Matsutar\u014d Sh\u014driki (\u6b63\u529b \u677e\u592a\u90ce, Sh\u014driki Matsutar\u014d, April 11, 1885 \u2013 October 9, 1969) was a Japanese journalist and media mogul, also known as the father of Japanese professional baseball.\nSh\u014driki owned the Yomiuri Shimbun, one of Japan's major daily newspapers, and founded Japan's first commercial television station, Nippon Television Network Corporation. He was also elected to the House of Representatives, appointed to the House of Peers, and was one of the most successful judo masters ever, reaching the extremely rare rank of 10th Dan.", "Q200092": "A horror film is a film that seeks to elicit fear for entertainment purposes. Initially inspired by literature from authors such as Edgar Allan Poe, Bram Stoker, and Mary Shelley, horror has existed as a film genre for more than a century. The macabre and the supernatural are frequent themes. Horror may also overlap with the fantasy, supernatural fiction, and thriller genres.\nHorror films often aim to evoke viewers' nightmares, fears, revulsions and terror of the unknown. Plots within the horror genre often involve the intrusion of an evil force, event, or personage into the everyday world. Prevalent elements include ghosts, extraterrestrials, vampires, werewolves, demons, Satanism, evil clowns, gore, torture, vicious animals, evil witches, monsters, giant monsters, zombies, cannibalism, psychopaths, natural, ecological or man-made disasters, and serial killers.Some sub-genres of horror film include low-budget horror, action horror, comedy horror, body horror, disaster horror, found footage, holiday horror, horror drama, psychological horror, science fiction horror, slasher, supernatural horror, gothic horror, natural horror, zombie horror, and teen horror.\n\n", "Q76152": "Dieter Herbert Nuhr (born October 29, 1960 in Wesel, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German comedian, carbaret artist, author and television presenter.\nNuhr's stage program nuhr in Berlin (the title is a pun; for explanation, see below) is the first German stand-up comedy which was created exclusively for Netflix.", "Q304586": "Gy\u00f6rgy B\u00e1rdy (26 May 1921 \u2013 27 May 2013) was a Hungarian film and television actor.", "Q792075": "Axel D\u00f6rner (born 26 April 1964 in Cologne, Germany) is a German trumpeter, pianist, and composer.\n\n", "Q1702111": "John Watts is a British musician and multimedia artist. He was born into a family of singers on 27 December 1954 in Frimley, Surrey. Watts began his career as a mental health worker having studied clinical psychology before finding success as a musician with his band Fischer-Z. He currently lives and works in Brighton, UK.", "Q719046": "Norman Lebrecht (born 11 July 1948 in London) is a British commentator on music and cultural affairs, a novelist, and the author of the classical music gossip blog Slipped Disc.He was a columnist for The Daily Telegraph from 1994 to 2002, and assistant editor of the London Evening Standard from 2002 to 2009. On BBC Radio 3, Lebrecht presented lebrecht.live beginning in 2000, and The Lebrecht Interview from 2006 to 2016. He won the 2002 Whitbread Award for First Novel for The Song of Names, at the age of 54. He also writes a column for the magazine Standpoint. Gilbert Kaplan described him as \"surely the most controversial and arguably the most influential journalist covering classical music.\"\n\n", "Q133386": "Jan Pieter \"Jan Peter\" Balkenende Jr. (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u0251n \u02c8pe\u02d0t\u0259r \u02c8b\u0251lk\u0259n\u02cc\u025bnd\u0259] (listen); born 7 May 1956) is a Dutch jurist and retired politician who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 22 July 2002 to 14 October 2010. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).\nBalkenende started his career as a legal counsel at the Academic Council of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam from 1982 until 1984, and as a researcher at the Christian Democratic Appeal think tank from 1984 until 1998. He worked as a professor of Christian theology at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam from 1993 until 2002. Balkenende was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1998, and served in the House of Representatives from 19 May 1998 until 22 July 2002. After the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal and Parliamentary leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal in the House of Representatives Jaap de Hoop Scheffer stepped down following an internal power struggle between him and Chairman of the Christian Democratic Appeal Marnix van Rij for the leadership, De Hoop Scheffer endorsed Balkenende as his successor. After De Hoop Scheffer stood down on 1 October 2001, Balkenende was chosen to succeed him and became the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal and Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives and the lijsttrekker (top candidate) of the party for the election of 2002. The Christian Democratic Appeal became the surprising winner of the election, gaining 14 seats and becoming the largest party, now having 43 seats in House of Representatives. This success was in part owed to Balkenende's neutral attitude in the debates with Pim Fortuyn, the eponymous leader of the Pim Fortuyn List party who was assassinated days before the election on 6 May 2002. The following cabinet formation resulted in a coalition agreement between the Christian Democratic Appeal, the Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), which formed the first Balkenende cabinet with Balkenende becoming Prime Minister of the Netherlands and Minister of General Affairs on 22 July 2002.\nHowever, the first Balkenende cabinet fell after only 87 days in office on 16 October 2002 following internal conflicts within the Pim Fortuyn List leadership that destabilised the coalition agreement on 16 October 2002. For the election of 2003, Balkenende served again as lijsttrekker. The Christian Democratic Appeal remained the largest party, gaining one seat and now totalling 44 seats in the House of Representatives. The following cabinet formation resulted in a coalition agreement between the Christian Democratic Appeal, the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy and the Democrats 66 (D66), which formed the second Balkenende cabinet, with Balkenende continuing as Prime Minister and Minister of General Affairs, taking office on 27 May 2003. This second cabinet fell on 30 June 2006 after the Democrats 66 retracted their support following there dissatisfaction with the way Minister for Integration and Asylum Affairs Rita Verdonk had handled the crisis around the naturalisation of Member of the House of Representatives Ayaan Hirsi Ali, the Democrats 66 cabinet members resigned on 3 July 2006. A caretaker government was made by the Christian Democratic Appeal and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy that formed the third Balkenende cabinet on 7 July 2006. For the election of 2006 Balkenende served again as lijsttrekker. The election resulted in a small loss of three seats for the Christian Democratic Appeal, but it remained the largest party and now had 41 seats in the House of Representatives. The following cabinet formation resulted in a coalition agreement between the Christian Democratic Appeal, the Labour Party (PvdA) and the Christian Union (CU), which formed the centre-left fourth Balkenende cabinet, with Balkenende continuing as Prime Minister and Minister of General Affairs, taking office on 22 February 2007. The fourth Balkenende cabinet fell on 20 February 2010 after the Labour Party retracted their support following a disagreement over the extension of the ISAF mission in Afghanistan, the Labour Party cabinet members resigned on 23 February 2010. The cabinet remained in office in a demissionary capacity. For the election of 2010 Balkenende served as lijsttrekker for a fourth and final time. The Christian Democratic Appeal suffered a large defeat in the election, losing 20 seats and falling back as the fourth party, now having 21 seats in the House of Representatives. Balkenende accepted responsibility for the defeat and sequentially announced his resignation as party leader and his retirement from national politics. He was succeeded as Leader by his long serving Deputy Maxime Verhagen that same day on 9 June 2010. He remained Prime Minister until the first Rutte cabinet was installed on 14 October 2010.\nAfter his premiership, Balkenende retired from active politics and became a professor of Governance, Institutions and Internationalization at the Erasmus University Rotterdam on 1 December 2010, and worked as a Partner of Corporate Responsibility at Ernst & Young from 1 April 2011 until 1 July 2017. Following his retirement Balkenende occupies numerous seats as a corporate director and nonprofit director for supervisory boards in the business and industry world and several international non-governmental organisations (ING Group, Goldschmeding Foundation and the Dutch Sustainable Growth Coalition).", "Q454840": "William Cullen Bryant (November 3, 1794 \u2013 June 12, 1878) was an American romantic poet, journalist, and long-time editor of the New York Evening Post.", "Q70523": "Karl Hermann Knoblauch (German pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u025b\u0281man \u02c8kno\u02d0pla\u028ax, - \u02c8kn\u0254p-]; 11 April 1820 \u2013 30 June 1895) was a German physicist. He is most notable for his studies of radiant heat. He was one of the six founding members of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft at Berlin on 14 January 1845.\nKnoblauch's father was a well-to-do silk fabrics manufacturer in Berlin. Despite pressure from his father to enter the family business, Knoblauch in his early 20s opted to study mathematics and science at the University of Berlin. There he became one of the star students in the laboratory of Gustav Magnus. Knoblauch's doctorate, completed in Berlin in 1847, described valuable experiments that established some of the optical properties of radiant heat (a.k.a. infrared radiation). In an article describing these experiments Knoblauch wrote that experimental facts are \"the only permanent things in science\", while abstract models are \"transitory\" and should be treated with caution and kept separate from the facts, a view that Magnus maintained also.\nAs a researcher and teacher at the University of Marburg, 1849\u201353, he produced valuable experimental demonstrations about the nature of diamagnetism. Knoblauch's student and collaborator on the diamagnetism work was John Tyndall. Tyndall and Knoblauch maintained a correspondence on and off over the next 25 years.Knoblauch moved to the University of Halle in 1853, and remained there for the rest of his career. During his first few years at Halle he did not publish anything. Later his publications were still not as frequent as they had been before moving to Halle. In his Halle years, apart from science teaching and research, he also gave his time to various administrative functions in German science including being president for 17 years of the German Academy of Sciences. He was also the rector (chief administrative officer) of the University of Halle for a while.", "Q445795": "And Then There Were None (also known as Ten Little Indians) is a 1974 film adaptation of Agatha Christie's best-selling 1939 mystery novel of the same name. The film was directed by Peter Collinson and produced by Harry Alan Towers. This was the second of three versions of Christie's novel to be adapted to the screen by producer Harry Alan Towers. Two film adaptations were previously released (a 1945 version by Ren\u00e9 Clair and the 1965 adaptation Ten Little Indians). An American made-for-television version was broadcast in 1959. Towers produced a third version in 1989.", "Q3452681": "Northport is a historic maritime village on the north shore of Long Island, New York. Initially designated Great Cow Harbour by 17th-century English colonists, the area was officially renamed Northport in 1837. In 1894, in an effort to localize governance, the community incorporated as a village.\nNorthport is known for its Victorian era village center, still bearing trolley rails from a long since discontinued streetcar line which would transport village residents to the Long Island Rail Road station in East Northport. The village Main Street runs from the Village Green along the harbor-front to the former hamlet of Vernon Valley, which has since been subsumed by the neighboring community of East Northport. As of 2010, the village has a population of around 7,401 and is served by the Northport-East Northport School District.", "Q44686": "City Hall is a 1996 American suspense drama film directed by Harold Becker and starring Al Pacino, John Cusack, Bridget Fonda and Danny Aiello. The film was Becker's second collaboration with Pacino, having directed him in Sea of Love (1989).\n\n", "Q111899": "Thomas Mirow (born 6 January 1953) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party who served as president of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development from 2008 to 2012.\n\n", "Q74745": "Walther Adrian Sch\u00fccking (6 January 1875, M\u00fcnster, Westphalia \u2013 25 August 1935) was a German liberal politician, professor of public international law and the first German judge at the Permanent Court of International Justice in The Hague.\nHe was one of the six German delegates to the Paris Peace Conference and a negotiator of the Treaty of Versailles and International union of Hague conference.\nIn 1995, the Institute of International Law at the University of Kiel was renamed the Walther Sch\u00fccking Institute of International Law in his honor.", "Q348940": "Melissa Suzanne McBride (born May 23, 1965) is an American actress and former casting director. McBride's breakout role was Carol Peletier on the AMC series The Walking Dead. She has garnered critical acclaim and received multiple awards and nominations for her role on the show. Originally cast in a minor role and only credited in the post-credits, McBride's role expanded over time to a main cast member and as of 2020, she is the second billed cast member in the opening credits of the show, and one of only two cast members to appear in every season (the other being Norman Reedus).", "Q130857": "A disc jockey, more commonly abbreviated as DJ, is a person who hosts recorded music for an audience. Most common types of DJs include radio DJs, club DJs, who perform at a nightclub or music festival and turntablists who use record players, usually turntables, to manipulate sounds on phonograph records. Originally, the \"disc\" in \"disc jockey\" referred to vinyl records, but nowadays DJ is used as an all-encompassing term to also describe persons who mix music from other recording media such as cassettes, CDs or digital audio files on a CDJ or a laptop. The title \"DJ\" is often used by DJs in front of their real names, adopted pseudonyms, or stage names.\nDJs use audio equipment that can play at least two sources of recorded music simultaneously and mix them together to create seamless transitions between recordings and develop unique mixes of songs. Often, this involves aligning the beats of the music sources so their rhythms and tempos do not clash when played together and to enable a smooth transition from one song to another. DJs often use specialized DJ mixers, small audio mixers with crossfader and cue functions to blend or transition from one song to another. Mixers are also used to pre-listen to sources of recorded music in headphones and adjust upcoming tracks to mix with currently playing music. DJ software can be used with a DJ controller device to mix audio files on a computer instead of a console mixer. DJs may also use a microphone to speak to the audience; effects units such as reverb to create sound effects and electronic musical instruments such as drum machines and synthesizers.", "Q72334": "Chloe Anthony Wofford Morrison (born Chloe Ardelia Wofford; February 18, 1931 \u2013 August 5, 2019), known as Toni Morrison, was an American novelist, essayist, book editor, and college professor. Her first novel, The Bluest Eye, was published in 1970. The critically acclaimed Song of Solomon (1977) brought her national attention and won the National Book Critics Circle Award. In 1988, Morrison won the Pulitzer Prize for Beloved (1987); she gained worldwide recognition when she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993.Born and raised in Lorain, Ohio, Morrison graduated from Howard University in 1953 with a B.A. in English. In 1955, she earned a master's in American Literature from Cornell University.[1] In 1957 she returned to Howard University, was married, and had two children before divorcing in 1964. In the late 1960s, she became the first black female editor in fiction at Random House in New York City. In the 1970s and 1980s, she developed her own reputation as an author, and her perhaps most celebrated work, Beloved, was made into a 1998 film.\nIn 1996, the National Endowment for the Humanities selected her for the Jefferson Lecture, the U.S. federal government's highest honor for achievement in the humanities. Also that year, she was honored with the National Book Foundation's Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. On May 29, 2012, President Barack Obama presented Morrison with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In 2016, she received the PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction.", "Q371119": "Bruce Lambourne Fowler (born July 10, 1947) is an American trombonist and composer. He played trombone on many Frank Zappa records, as well as with Captain Beefheart and in the Fowler Brothers Band. He composes and arranges music for movies, and has been the composer, orchestrator, or conductor for many popular films.\nHe is the son of jazz educator William L. Fowler and the brother of multi-instrumentalist Walt Fowler and bassist Tom Fowler. Bruce Fowler is participating in the Band from Utopia, the Mar Vista Philharmonic, and Jon Larsen's Strange News from Mars, featuring Zappa alumni Tommy Mars and Arthur Barrow. He also recorded albums with Air Pocket, a band including his siblings.\nFowler is the recipient of the 2007 Film & TV Music Awards for Best Score Conductor and Best Orchestrator.", "Q296796": "Agostino \"Dino\" De Laurentiis (Italian: [\u02c8di\u02d0no de lau\u02c8r\u025bnti.is]; 8 August 1919 \u2013 10 November 2010) was an Italian-American film producer. Along with Carlo Ponti, he was one of the producers who brought Italian cinema to the international scene at the end of World War II. He produced or co-produced more than 500 films, of which 38 were nominated for Academy Awards. He also had a brief acting career in the late 1930s and early 1940s.", "Q957718": "Wheatus is an American rock band from Northport, New York, formed in 1995. They are known principally for their 2000 single \"Teenage Dirtbag\", which appeared in the films Loser and Bully, as well as the HBO miniseries Generation Kill, the Netflix original series Girlboss, and The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina.", "Q2847538": "Andr\u00e9 Clav\u00e9 (1916\u20131981) was a French actor, director, theater director and Resistance fighter, deported during the Second World war, in the concentration camps of Buchenwald and of Dora.\n\n\u00ab Le t\u00e9moignage du talent est bien sommaire, seul le message humain est important. \u00bb\n\n\u00ab The expression of the talent is too basic, alone the human message is important \u00bb", "Q44692": "John Charles Layfield (born November 29, 1966), better known by the ring name John \"Bradshaw\" Layfield (abbreviated JBL), is an American businessman, retired professional wrestler and television personality currently signed with the WWE on a part-time basis. Layfield is currently a financial commentator featured regularly on Fox News Channel and Fox Business Network. He is also employed by Northeast Securities as its Senior Vice President.Layfield rose to prominence in WWE (then the World Wrestling Federation, WWF) during its Attitude Era under the ring name Bradshaw, during which time he became a three-time WWF Tag Team Champion with Ron \"Farooq\" Simmons as part of the Acolyte Protection Agency (APA). In 2004, the APA separated and Layfield was rebranded as JBL \u2013 a wealthy, big mouthed businessman \u2013 based on Layfield's real-life accomplishments as a stock market investor. Later that year, he captured his only world heavyweight championship, the WWE Championship, and held it for 280 days, making him the longest reigning champion of the SmackDown brand at that point. A month before his in-ring retirement at 2009's WrestleMania XXV, he became Intercontinental Champion, which made him the twentieth Triple Crown Champion and the tenth Grand Slam Champion in WWE history. During his career Layfield was accused of perpetrating various pranks or hazing upon other WWE employees. After his retirement, Layfield became an on-air commentator for WWE programming. Layfield will be inducted into the 2020 WWE Hall of Fame.", "Q223887": "Off or OFF may refer to:", "Q107037": "Leymah Roberta Gbowee (born 1 February 1972) is a Liberian peace activist responsible for leading a women's nonviolent peace movement, Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace that helped bring an end to the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003. Her efforts to end the war, along with her collaborator Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, helped usher in a period of peace and enabled a free election in 2005 that Sirleaf won. She, along with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Tawakkul Karman, were awarded the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize \"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work.\"\n\n", "Q25278": "Dwight David Howard II (born December 8, 1985) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is an eight-time All-Star, eight-time All-NBA Team honoree, five-time All-Defensive Team member, and three-time Defensive Player of the Year.\nHoward, who plays center, spent his high school career at Southwest Atlanta Christian Academy. He chose to forgo college, entered the 2004 NBA draft, and was selected first overall by the Orlando Magic. Howard set numerous franchise and league records during his time with the Magic. In 2009, he led the team to the NBA Finals.\nIn 2012, after eight seasons with Orlando, Howard was traded to the Lakers. Following a one-year stint with the Lakers, he played for the Houston Rockets, the Atlanta Hawks, the Charlotte Hornets, and the Washington Wizards.", "Q6167575": "Jayanta Bandyopadhyay (Bengali: \u099c\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u200d\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09a7\u200d\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc; born 31 December 1947, in Kolkata, India), is a researcher, analyst and author. He is now a Distinguished Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, Kolkata. He is a Former Professor of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta. An internationally renowned professional on public interest research, mountain environment and water governance in south Asia, Bandyopadhyay has authored sixteen critically acclaimed books and monographs, in addition to 150 papers and articles. He has delivered invited lectures in many parts of the world.", "Q702314": "Deutschlandradio (DLR) is a national German public radio broadcaster. It operates four national networks:\n\nDeutschlandfunk: mainly news and information\nDeutschlandfunk Kultur: culture in a broader sense\nDeutschlandfunk Nova: aimed at young adults, mainly spoken-word\nDokumente und Debatten: opt-out channel, often for special eventsDeutschlandfunk was originally a West German news radio targeting listeners within West Germany as well as in neighbouring countries, Deutschlandfunk Kultur is the result of a merger of West Berlin's RIAS station and East Berlin's DS Kultur after German reunification. Both networks that used to broadcast mainly on the AM bands have since spread throughout Germany, having been allocated many additional FM transmitters. However, because of lack of analogue frequencies, Deutschlandradio changed his distribution strategy already in 2003 to digital terrestrial transmission. \nDokumente und Debatten is a digital-only special-event channel. It broadcasts coverage of the federal parliament, sports events, talk shows and shipping forecasts. Many of the talk shows are rebroadcasts of the audio portions of TV shows made by ARD, ZDF or Phoenix. It uses digital frequencies of both Deutschlandfunk and Deutschlandfunk Kultur.\nDeutschlandfunk Nova is knowledge orientated station, started in 2010, targeting a younger audience, and broadcast only digitally - via satellite, cable, DAB, and online.\nDeutschlandradio is based in Cologne, with some departments\u2014including Deutschlandfunk Kultur\u2014based in Berlin.", "Q428551": "The Family Man is a 2000 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Brett Ratner, written by David Diamond and David Weissman, and starring Nicolas Cage and T\u00e9a Leoni. Cage's production company, Saturn Films, helped produce the film. The film centers on a man who experiences what his life might have been if he had made a different decision earlier in his life.", "Q382085": "John Howard Dellinger (July 3, 1886 \u2013 December 28, 1962) was a noted American telecommunication engineer who discovered how solar flares caused fadeouts of short-wave radios (the Dellinger effect).\nDellinger was born in Cleveland, Ohio, first attended the Western Reserve University, in 1908 received his A.B. degree from George Washington University, and in 1913 received his Ph.D. degree from Princeton University. From 1907-1948 Dellinger worked at the National Bureau of Standards as physicist; chief, radio section; and chief, Central Radio Propagation Laboratory. From 1928-1929 he served as chief engineer of the Federal Radio Commission, and also served as a representative of the United States Department of Commerce on the Radio Advisory Committee (1922\u20131948).\nHe was appointed vice-president of the International Scientific Radio Union in 1934, chairman of the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics in 1941, chairman of the Radio Technical Commission for Marine Services in 1947, and chairman of Study Group 6 on Radio Propagation of the International Radio Consultative Committee in 1950.\nIn 1932 Dellinger was awarded the Sc.D. degree from George Washington University, and in 1938 the IRE Medal of Honor \"for his contributions to the development of radio measurements and standards, his researches and discoveries of the relation between radio wave propagation and other natural phenomena, and his leadership in international conferences contributing to the worldwide cooperation in telecommunications. The crater Dellinger on the Moon is named in his honor.", "Q183337": "Sir David Frederick Attenborough (; born 8 May 1926) is an English broadcaster and natural historian. He is best known for writing and presenting, in conjunction with the BBC Natural History Unit, the nine natural history documentary series forming the Life collection that together constitute a comprehensive survey of animal and plant life on Earth. He is a former senior manager at the BBC, having served as controller of BBC Two and director of programming for BBC Television in the 1960s and 1970s. He is the only person to have won BAFTAs for programmes in each of black and white, colour, HD, 3D and 4K. In 2018 and 2019, he received Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Narrator.Attenborough is widely considered a national treasure in the UK, although he himself does not like the term. In 2002, he was named among the 100 Greatest Britons following a UK-wide poll for the BBC. He is the younger brother of the director, producer and actor Richard Attenborough, Baron Attenborough, and older brother of the motor executive John Attenborough.", "Q610062": "Antoun Saadeh (Arabic: \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u200e, romanized: An\u1e6d\u016bn Sa\u2018\u0101deh; 1 March 1904 \u2013 8 July 1949) was a Lebanese philosopher, writer and politician who founded the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.", "Q349492": "Adam Gierek (pronounced [\u02c8adam \u02c8\u0261\u02b2\u025br\u025bk]; born on 17 April 1938 in Zwartberg, Limburg, Belgium) is a Polish politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Silesian Voivodship with the Democratic Left Alliance-Labor Union, part of the Socialist Group and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy. He is a son of Edward Gierek.\nGierek is a substitute for the Committee on Culture and Education, a member of the Delegation to the EU-Kazakhstan, EU-Kyrgyzstan and EU-Uzbekistan Parliamentary Cooperation Committees, and for relations with Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia and a substitute for the Delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly.", "Q4090790": "Boles\u0142aw V of Warsaw (pl: Boles\u0142aw V warszawski; ca. 1453 - 27 April 1488), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast in the Masovian branch. He was a Duke of Czersk, Liw, Warsaw, Nur, \u0141om\u017ca, Ciechan\u00f3w, R\u00f3\u017can, Zakroczym and Wyszogr\u00f3d during 1454-1471 jointly with his brothers (under regency until 1462), Duke of P\u0142ock, Wizna, P\u0142o\u0144sk and Zawkrze during 1462-1471, and after the division of the paternal domains in 1471, sole ruler over Warsaw, Nur and Liw. In 1484 he abdicated his rule over B\u0142onie, Tarczyn, Kamieniec and Zakroczym.\nHe was the seventh son of Boles\u0142aw IV of Warsaw and Barbara Aleksandr\u00f3wna, a Lithuanian princess, (granddaughter of Vladimir Olgerdovich). The premature death from four of his older brothers during 1452-1454 left him as the third surviving son of his family.", "Q224130": "Fantastic Four (sometimes stylized as Fantastic 4) is a 2005 superhero film based on the Marvel Comics team of the same name. It was directed by Tim Story, and released by 20th Century Fox. The film stars Ioan Gruffudd, Jessica Alba, Chris Evans, Michael Chiklis, Julian McMahon and Kerry Washington.\nThis was the second live-action Fantastic Four film to be filmed. A previous attempt, titled The Fantastic Four, was a B-movie produced by Roger Corman that ultimately went unreleased. Fantastic Four was released in the United States on July 8, 2005. It received mixed reviews but was a commercial success. A sequel, Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, was released in 2007. A reboot was released in 2015.", "Q1226536": "Lawrence Hayes (born October 28, 1947), better known by his stage name Larry Livermore, is an American singer, musician, record producer, and author, best known as the co-founder of Lookout Records.", "Q365178": "The Wounded Man (French: l'Homme bless\u00e9) is a 1983 French film directed by Patrice Ch\u00e9reau, and written by him and Herv\u00e9 Guibert. It stars Jean-Hugues Anglade and Vittorio Mezzogiorno. The film won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Writing. It was also entered into the 1983 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q1814342": "Stian Johannsen (born 12 October 1971) is a Norwegian musician known under the stage names Occultus and Cultoculus, among others. He was briefly a vocalist and a bassist for the black metal band Mayhem. Occultus was in the band for a very short time in 1991 after the suicide of Dead (Per Yngve Ohlin).\nHe has also been in many other bands: Con Anima, Shadow Dancers, Thyabhorrent, Einar Grimm Group, Pussycunts, Perdition Hearse, and Soul Transition.\n\n", "Q1418683": "Kay\u014dkyoku (\u6b4c\u8b21\u66f2, literally \"Pop Tune\") is a Japanese pop music genre, which became a base of modern J-pop. The Japan Times described kay\u014dkyoku as \"standard Japanese pop\" or \"Sh\u014dwa-era pop\".Kay\u014dkyoku represents a blend of Western and Japanese musical scales. Music in this genre is extremely varied as a result. Kay\u014dkyoku in the narrower and more practical sense, however, excludes J-pop and enka.Unlike \"J-pop\" singers such as Southern All Stars' Keisuke Kuwata, the singers of the kay\u014dkyoku genre do not use stylized pronunciations based on the English language, but prefer traditional Japanese. There are exceptions, such as in singer Momoe Yamaguchi's song \"Rock 'n' Roll Widow\".Unlike enka, kay\u014dkyoku is also not based on emotional displays of effort while singing.Famous kay\u014dkyoku artists include Kyu Sakamoto, The Peanuts, The Tigers, Candies, Pink Lady, Seiko Matsuda, Junko Sakurada, The Checkers and Onyanko Club.", "Q69066": "Heidemarie Jiline \"Jil\" Sander (German pronunciation: [d\u0292\u026al \u02c8zand\u0259r]; born 27 November 1943 in Wesselburen) is a minimalist German fashion designer and the founder of the Jil Sander fashion house.", "Q304592": "Dava Sobel (born June 15, 1947) is an American writer of popular expositions of scientific topics. Her books include Longitude, about English clockmaker John Harrison, and Galileo's Daughter, about Galileo's daughter Maria Celeste, and The Glass Universe: How the Ladies of the Harvard Observatory Took the Measure of the Stars.\n\n", "Q105620": "Steffen Reiche (born June 27, 1960) is a German politician, a representative of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).", "Q537303": "The Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP; Polish: Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, PZPR) was the Communist party which governed the Polish People's Republic as a one-party state from 1948 to 1989. Ideologically it was based on the theories of Marxism-Leninism. It also controlled the armed forces, the Polish People's Army (Polish: Ludowe Wojsko Polskie).", "Q859053": "Kenneth Doniell Moore (August 20, 1974 \u2013 October 14, 2007), better known by his stage name Big Moe, was an American rapper from Houston, Texas. \n\n", "Q284386": "Joseph Deems Taylor (December 22, 1885 \u2013 July 3, 1966) was an American composer, music critic, and promoter of classical music. Nat Benchley, co-editor of The Lost Algonquin Roundtable, referred to him as \"the dean of American music.\"", "Q28984": "Chlothar I (c. 497 \u2013 29 November 561) was a king of the Franks of the Merovingian dynasty and one of the four sons of Clovis I.\nChlothar's father, Clovis I, divided the kingdom between his four sons. In 511, Clothar I inherited two large territories on the Western coast of Francia, separated by the lands of his brother Childebert I's Kingdom of Paris. Chlothar spent most of his life in a campaign to expand his territories at the expense of his relatives and neighbouring realms in all directions.\nHis brothers avoided outright war by cooperating with his attacks on neighbouring lands in concert or by invading lands when their rulers died. The spoils were shared between the participating brothers. By the end of his life, Chlothar had managed to reunite Francia by surviving his brothers and seizing their territories after they died. But upon his own death, the Kingdom of the Franks was once again divided between his own four surviving sons. A fifth son had rebelled and was killed, along with his family.\nChlothar's father, Clovis I, had converted to Nicene Christianity, but Chlothar, like other Merovingians, did not consider that the Christian doctrine of monogamy should be expected of royalty: he had five wives, more from political expediency, for the purpose of forming alliances, than for personal motives. Although at the instigation of his queens he gave money for several new ecclesiastical edifices, he was a less than enthusiastic Christian and succeeded in introducing taxes on ecclesiastical property.", "Q846173": "The New York University School of Law is the law school of New York University. Established in 1835, it is the oldest law school in New York City. The school offers J.D., LL.M., and J.S.D. degrees in law, and is located in Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan.\nNYU Law is currently ranked the 4th best law school in the world by Shanghai's Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) by subject Law. NYU Law is also consistently ranked in the top 10 by the QS World University Rankings. U.S. News & World Report currently ranks NYU Law 6th in the nation. It is ranked 1st in the country in both international law and tax law by U.S. News & World Report. NYU Law boasts the best overall faculty in the U.S. according to a recent study, with leading renowned experts in all fields of law.NYU Law is well known for its orientation toward public interest law. Its Root-Tilden-Kern program is a public interest law fellowship. According to the school's ABA-required disclosures, NYU Law's bar passage rate was 97.5% in 2017. An analysis by Law.com in 2019 ranked NYU Law 6th for employment outcomes, with 89.74% of graduates obtaining employment within ten months.", "Q5925": "Orange County is a county located in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 3,010,232, making it the third-most populous county in California, the sixth most populous in the U.S., and more populous than 21 U.S. states. Although mostly suburban, it is the second most densely populated county in the state, behind San Francisco County. The county's four most populous cities, Anaheim, Santa Ana (the county seat), Irvine, and Huntington Beach, each have a population exceeding 200,000. Six cities are on the Pacific coast, including Seal Beach, Huntington Beach, Newport Beach, Laguna Beach, Dana Point, and San Clemente.\nOrange County is included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county has 34 incorporated cities. Older cities like Santa Ana, Anaheim, and Fullerton have traditional downtowns dating back to the 19th century, while newer commercial development or \"edge cities\" stretch along I-5 between Disneyland and Santa Ana and between South Coast Plaza and the Irvine Business Complex, and cluster at Irvine Spectrum. Northern and Central Orange County, while single-family homes are still prevalent, is relatively more urbanized and dense, while beyond Irvine, the county is relatively less dense, though still contiguous, suburban and not exurban.\nThe county is a tourist center, with attractions like Disneyland, Knott's Berry Farm, and several popular beaches along its more than 40 miles (64 km) of coastline.", "Q2081513": "Parade's End is a five-part BBC/HBO/VRT television serial adapted from the tetralogy of eponymous novels (1924\u201328) by Ford Madox Ford. It premiered on BBC Two on 24 August 2012 and on HBO on 26 February 2013. The series was also screened at the 39th Ghent Film Festival on 11 October 2012. The miniseries was directed by Susanna White and written by Tom Stoppard. The cast was led by Benedict Cumberbatch and Rebecca Hall as Christopher and Sylvia Tietjens, along with Adelaide Clemens, Rupert Everett, Miranda Richardson, Anne-Marie Duff, Roger Allam, Janet McTeer, Freddie Fox, Jack Huston, and Steven Robertson.The series received widespread critical acclaim and has sometimes been cited as \"the highbrow Downton Abbey\". In its BBC Two premiere, the series attracted 3.5 million viewers, making it BBC Two's most watched drama since Rome aired in 2005. The miniseries received six BAFTA TV nominations, including Best Actress for Rebecca Hall, and five Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including Best Adapted Screenplay for Tom Stoppard and Best Actor for Benedict Cumberbatch. It won Best Costume Design at the 2013 BAFTAs.", "Q19581": "Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado (Spanish pronunciation: [rafa\u02c8el \u03b2i\u02c8sente ko\u02c8re.a \u00f0el\u02c8\u0263a\u00f0o]; born 6 April 1963) is an Ecuadorian politician and economist who served as President of Ecuador from 2007 to 2017. The leader of the PAIS Alliance political movement from its foundation until 2017, Correa is a democratic socialist and his administration focused on the implementation of left-wing policies. Internationally, he served as president pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations.\nBorn to a lower middle-class mestizo family in Guayaquil, Correa studied economics at the Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Santiago de Guayaquil, the University of Louvain (UCLouvain), and the University of Illinois, where he received his PhD. Returning to Ecuador, in 2005 he became the Minister for the Economy under President Alfredo Palacio, successfully lobbying Congress for increased spending on health and education projects.\nCorrea won the presidency in the 2006 general election on a platform criticizing the established political elites. Taking office in January 2007, he sought to move away from Ecuador's neoliberal economic model by reducing the influence of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. He declared Ecuador's national debt illegitimate and announced that the country would default on over $3 billion worth of bonds; he pledged to fight creditors in international courts and succeeded in reducing the price of outstanding bonds by more than 60%. He oversaw the introduction of a new constitution, being re-elected in 2009 and again 2013 general election.\nCorrea's presidency was part of the Latin American pink tide, a turn toward leftist governments in the region, allying himself with Hugo Ch\u00e1vez's Venezuela and brought Ecuador into the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas in June 2009. Using its own form of 21st century socialism, Correa's administration increased government spending, reducing poverty, raising the minimum wage and increasing the standard of living in Ecuador. By the end of Correa's tenure, reliance on oil, public expenditures, 2016 earthquakes (more than 650 deaths and damage estimated at the equivalent of about 3% of GDP), and international pressure caused Ecuador's economy to enter a recession, resulting in government spending being slashed.Between 2006 and 2016, poverty decreased from 36.7% to 22.5% and annual per capita GDP growth was 1.5 percent (as compared to 0.6 percent over the prior two decades). At the same time, inequalities, as measured by the Gini coefficient, decreased from 0.55 to 0.47.On 3 July 2018, a judge in Ecuador ordered the arrest of Correa after he failed to appear in court during a trial surrounding the kidnapping of his political opponent Fernando Balda. Correa, who lived in Belgium at the time, denied the allegations regarding the kidnapping. In July 2018 Interpol rejected an Ecuador-issued arrest warrant and called it \"obviously a political matter.\"On 7 April 2020, The Criminal Court of the National Court of Justice found the former president guilty of aggravated passive bribery in the Casos Sobornos 2012-2016. He was sentenced to 8 years in prison in absentia for leading the corruption network that between 2012 and 2016 received \"undue contributions\" at the Carondelet Palace to finance his political movement in exchange for awarding state contracts to businessmen along with Alexis Mera, former Judiciary Secretary of the Presidency, former Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Mar\u00eda de los Angeles Duarte, former congresswoman Viviana Bonilla and former Constitutional Judge and his secretary Pamela Mart\u00ednez.", "Q740641": "Witold Ma\u0142cu\u017cy\u0144ski (August 10, 1914 \u2013 July 17, 1977) was a distinguished Polish pianist who specialized in the works of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin. His playing was marked by great passion and poetry.", "Q2743409": "All Around the World (also known as AATW) is a British record label originating in Blackburn, United Kingdom. It is a subsidiary of Universal and has had success with artists such as N-Trance, Armin van Buuren, Cascada, Dannii Minogue, Lost Frequencies, Scooter, N-Dubz, Skepta, Starley, Yolanda Be Cool and many more. The label also runs four music TV channels; Clubland TV, and three Now Music branded channels - Now 70s, Now 80s and Now 90s.", "Q519940": "William Maurice Denham, OBE (23 December 1909 \u2013 24 July 2002) was an English character actor, who appeared in over 100 television programmes and films in his long career.", "Q70251": "Walter Giller (23 August 1927 \u2013 15 December 2011) was a German actor. He was very successful in the 1950s and 1960s, when he was often seen as a comedic leading men. One of his most successful and more serious roles was in Roses for the Prosecutor.\nGiller was born in Recklinghausen. In 1956, he married actress Nadja Tiller; they had two children and appeared together in a number of films. The couple resided in Lugano, Switzerland for many years. In 2009, he was diagnosed with lung cancer. He underwent a major (but unsuccessful) operation. He died in Hamburg in 2011, aged 84.", "Q206391": "\u00c9douard Estauni\u00e9 (4 February 1862 in Dijon \u2013 2 April 1942 in Paris) was a French novelist. Estauni\u00e9 trained as a scientist and engineer before turning to the novel in 1891. In 1904, he devised the word \"telecommunication\". He was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1923. He was also a reviewer, critic, and homme de lettres as well as a novelist.", "Q442788": "Amir Taheri (Persian: \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u06cc\u200e; born 9 June 1942 in Ahvaz) is an Iranian-born conservative author based in Europe. His writings focus on the Middle East affairs and topics related to Islamic terrorism. He has been the subject of many controversies involving fabrications in his writings, most notable of which was the 2006 Iranian sumptuary law controversy. He is the current Chairman of Gatestone Institute in Europe.", "Q270207": "Carrie Chapman Catt (January 9, 1859 \u2013 March 9, 1947) was an American women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920. Catt served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and was the founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women. She \"led an army of voteless women in 1919 to pressure Congress to pass the constitutional amendment giving them the right to vote and convinced state legislatures to ratify it in 1920\" and \"was one of the best-known women in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century and was on all lists of famous American women\".", "Q85970": "Edith Hahn Beer (January 24, 1914 \u2013 March 17, 2009) was an Austrian Jewish woman who survived the Holocaust by hiding her Jewish identity and marrying a Nazi officer.", "Q986425": "NASA Astronaut Group 7 was a group of seven astronauts accepted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on August 14, 1969. It was the last group to be selected during the Project Apollo era, and the first since the Mercury Seven in which all members were active-duty military personnel, and all made flights into space.\nThe Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) was a semi-secret United States Air Force (USAF) space project, with a public face but a covert reconnaissance mission. Seventeen astronauts were selected for the program in three intakes in 1965, 1966 and 1967. They were drawn from the USAF, US Navy and US Marine Corps, but all were graduates of the USAF Aerospace Research Pilot School. The MOL program intended to use a modified NASA Project Gemini spacecraft known as Gemini B.\nWhen the MOL program was canceled in June 1969, fourteen astronauts remained in the program. NASA accepted the seven youngest as NASA astronauts. By the time they joined NASA, all Apollo flight assignments had been lined up, but they were given non-flying support assignments for Apollo, Skylab and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. The former MOL astronauts went on to form the core of early Space Shuttle pilots, upgrading to commander after their first flight, and flying 17 missions between them.", "Q538756": "Sergey Yuryevich Zlobin (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u042e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0431\u0438\u043d, IPA: [s\u026ar\u02c8\u0261\u02b2ej \u02c8j\u0289r\u02b2\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8zlob\u02b2\u026an], born 29 May 1970) is a Russian racing driver. In 2002, he was a test driver for the Minardi Formula One. Although he never competed at a Grand Prix, he is one of the few Russians to pilot a Formula One car. He later entered briefly in the FIA GT Championship in 2006, driving for BMS Scuderia Italia.On 24 September 2007, Zlobin survived a car bomb which had been planted in his Mercedes-Benz G500. The explosion caused minor injuries to Zlobin's legs, but he was able to get out of the vehicle himself to call police.His son, Nikita, is also a racing driver.", "Q271119": "Esther Renay \"Ester\" Dean (born April 15, 1986) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Dean has also written songs for many artists, with numerous Top 10 hits, including No. 1 hits for Rihanna and Katy Perry, earning the name \"The Song Factory\". At the 54th Annual Grammy Awards, Dean was nominated for Album of the Year as a producer on Rihanna's album Loud. Outside of music, she voiced two of the characters in the fourth film in the Ice Age franchise, Ice Age: Continental Drift, and also wrote a song for the movie, entitled \"We Are (Family)\". Dean made her acting debut in the film Pitch Perfect (2012) as Cynthia-Rose Adams, a role she reprised for the sequels, Pitch Perfect 2 (2015) and Pitch Perfect 3 (2017).", "Q313788": "Dean George Cain (n\u00e9 Tanaka; born July 31, 1966) is an American actor, producer, television show host, and former football player, best known for playing the role of Clark Kent/Superman in the TV series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman. He was also host of Ripley's Believe It or Not! and appeared in the soap opera series Hit the Floor.", "Q935": "Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 \u2013 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author (described in his own day as a \"natural philosopher\") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book Philosophi\u00e6 Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, laid the foundations of classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing the infinitesimal calculus.\nIn Principia, Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation that formed the dominant scientific viewpoint until it was superseded by the theory of relativity. Newton used his mathematical description of gravity to prove Kepler's laws of planetary motion, account for tides, the trajectories of comets, the precession of the equinoxes and other phenomena, eradicating doubt about the Solar System's heliocentricity. He demonstrated that the motion of objects on Earth and celestial bodies could be accounted for by the same principles. Newton's inference that the Earth is an oblate spheroid was later confirmed by the geodetic measurements of Maupertuis, La Condamine, and others, convincing most European scientists of the superiority of Newtonian mechanics over earlier systems.\nNewton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a sophisticated theory of colour based on the observation that a prism separates white light into the colours of the visible spectrum. His work on light was collected in his highly influential book Opticks, published in 1704. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling, made the first theoretical calculation of the speed of sound, and introduced the notion of a Newtonian fluid. In addition to his work on calculus, as a mathematician Newton contributed to the study of power series, generalised the binomial theorem to non-integer exponents, developed a method for approximating the roots of a function, and classified most of the cubic plane curves.\nNewton was a fellow of Trinity College and the second Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge. He was a devout but unorthodox Christian who privately rejected the doctrine of the Trinity. Unusually for a member of the Cambridge faculty of the day, he refused to take holy orders in the Church of England. Beyond his work on the mathematical sciences, Newton dedicated much of his time to the study of alchemy and biblical chronology, but most of his work in those areas remained unpublished until long after his death. Politically and personally tied to the Whig party, Newton served two brief terms as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge, in 1689\u201390 and 1701\u201302. He was knighted by Queen Anne in 1705 and spent the last three decades of his life in London, serving as Warden (1696\u20131700) and Master (1700\u20131727) of the Royal Mint, as well as president of the Royal Society (1703\u20131727).", "Q792707": "Ayaan Ali Bangash (Hindi: \u0905\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0902\u0917\u0936; IAST: Ay\u0101n Al\u012b Kh\u0101n) (born 5 September 1979) is an Indian classical musician who plays the sarod. Khan is the son of Amjad Ali Khan and often performs with his older brother Amaan Ali Khan, with whom he hosted the music talent show Sa Re Ga Ma. He has also released solo albums and collaborations with brother and father.", "Q66433": "Eiken is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q188504": "Alternative medicine describes any practice that aims to achieve the healing effects of medicine, but which lacks biological plausibility and is untested, untestable or proven ineffective. Complementary medicine (CM), complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), integrated medicine or integrative medicine (IM), and holistic medicine are among many rebrandings of the same phenomenon. Alternative therapies share in common that they reside outside medical science, and rely on pseudoscience. Traditional practices become \"alternative\" when used outside their original settings without proper scientific explanation and evidence. Frequently used derogatory terms for the alternative are new-age or pseudo, with little distinction from quackery.\nSome alternative practices are based on theories that contradict the science of how the human body works; others resort to the supernatural or superstitious to explain their effect. In others, the practice is plausibly effective but has too many side effects. Alternative medicine is distinct from experimental medicine, which employs the scientific method to test plausible therapies by way of responsible and ethical clinical trials, producing evidence of either effect or of no effect. Research into alternative therapies often fails to follow proper research protocols (such as placebo-controlled trials, blind experiments and calculation of prior probability), providing invalid results.\nMuch of the perceived effect of an alternative practice arises from a belief that it will be effective (the placebo effect), or from the treated condition resolving on its own (the natural course of disease). This is further exacerbated by the tendency to turn to alternative therapies upon the failure of medicine, at which point the condition will be at its worst and most likely to spontaneously improve. In the absence of this bias, especially for diseases that are not expected to get better by themselves such as cancer or HIV infection, multiple studies have shown significantly worse outcomes if patients turn to alternative therapies. While this may be because these patients avoid effective treatment, some alternative therapies are actively harmful (e.g. cyanide poisoning from amygdalin, or the intentional ingestion of hydrogen peroxide) or actively interfere with effective treatments.\nThe alternative sector is a highly profitable industry with a strong lobby, and faces far less regulation over the use and marketing of unproven treatments. Its marketing often advertises the treatments as being \"natural\" or \"holistic\", in comparison to those offered by \"big pharma\". Billions of dollars have been spent studying alternative medicine, with little to no positive results. Some of the successful practices are only considered alternative under very specific definitions, such as those which include all physical activity under the umbrella of \"alternative medicine\".", "Q3439752": "Blue Thumb Records was an American record label founded in 1968 by Bob Krasnow and former A&M Records executives Tommy LiPuma and Don Graham. Blue Thumb's last record was released in 1978. In 1995, the label was revived and remained active until 2005.", "Q57836": "Dr. Navinchandra Ramgoolam, GCSK, FRCP (born 14 July 1947) is a Mauritian politician who was Prime Minister of Mauritius from 2005 to 2014 and leader of the Labour Party (Mauritius). He was Leader of the Opposition from 1991 to 1995. He served as Prime Minister for the first time from December 1995 until September 2000, and became Leader of the Opposition again from October 2000 to 4 July 2005. On 5 July 2005, he became prime minister for a second term after his Alliance Sociale won the general elections. He served again as Prime Minister from 2005 to 2014, when he was defeated afterwards.", "Q954563": "Charles Dufresny, Sieur de la Rivi\u00e8re (1648 \u2013 6 October 1724) was a French playwright.", "Q107989": "Roderich Kiesewetter (born 11 September 1963) is a politician (CDU), member of the German Bundestag and former Bundeswehr general staff officer.\n\n", "Q34413": "Benazir Bhutto (Sindhi: \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0680\u064f\u067d\u0648\u200e; Urdu: \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u0679\u0648\u200e; Urdu pronunciation: [be\u02d0n\u0259\u02c8zi\u02d0r \u02c8b\u02b1\u028a\u0288.\u0288o\u02d0]; 21 June 1953 \u2013 27 December 2007) was a Pakistani politician who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996. She was the first woman to head a democratic government in a Muslim majority nation. Ideologically a liberal and a secularist, she chaired or co-chaired the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) from the early 1980s until her assassination in 2007.\nOf mixed Sindhi and Kurdish parentage, Bhutto was born in Karachi to a politically important, wealthy aristocratic family. Her father, the PPP's founder and leader Zulfikar, was elected Prime Minister on a socialist platform in 1973. Bhutto studied at Harvard University and the University of Oxford, where she was President of the Oxford Union. She returned to Pakistan in 1977, shortly before her father was ousted in a military coup and executed. Bhutto and her mother Nusrat took control of the PPP and led the country's Movement for the Restoration of Democracy; Bhutto was repeatedly imprisoned by Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's military government and then exiled to Britain in 1984. She returned in 1986 and\u2014influenced by Thatcherite economics\u2014transformed the PPP's platform from a socialist to a liberal one, before leading it to victory in the 1988 election. As Prime Minister, her attempts at reform were stifled by conservative and Islamist forces, including President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and the powerful military. Her administration was accused of corruption and nepotism, and dismissed by Khan in 1990. Intelligence services rigged that year's election to ensure a victory for the conservative Islamic Democratic Alliance (IJI), after which Bhutto served as the Leader of the Opposition.\nAfter the IJI government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was also dismissed on corruption charges, Bhutto led the PPP to victory in the 1993 elections. Her second term oversaw economic privatisation and attempts to advance women's rights. Her government was damaged by several controversies, including the assassination of her brother Murtaza, a failed 1995 coup d'\u00e9tat, and a further bribery scandal involving her and her husband Asif Ali Zardari; in response to the latter, the President again dismissed her government. The PPP lost the 1997 election and in 1998 she went into self-exile in Dubai, leading her party mainly through proxies. A widening corruption inquiry culminated in a 2003 conviction in a Swiss court. Following United States-brokered negotiations with President Pervez Musharraf, she returned to Pakistan in 2007 to compete in the 2008 elections; her platform emphasised civilian oversight of the military and opposition to growing Islamist violence. After a political rally in Rawalpindi, she was assassinated. The Salafi jihadi group al-Qaeda claimed responsibility, although the involvement of the Pakistani Taliban and rogue elements of the intelligence services were widely suspected. She was buried at her family mausoleum.\nBhutto was a controversial figure. She was often criticised as being politically inexperienced and corrupt, and faced much opposition from Pakistan's Islamist lobby for her secularist and modernising agenda. In the early years of her career she was nevertheless domestically popular and also attracted support from Western nations, for whom she was a champion of democracy. Posthumously, she came to be regarded as an icon for women's rights due to her political success in a male-dominated society.", "Q204586": "Parker Christian Posey (born November 8, 1968) is an American actress and musician. She frequently works with Christopher Guest and has appeared in several of his mockumentaries, such as Waiting for Guffman (1996), Best in Show (2000), A Mighty Wind (2003), For Your Consideration (2006), and Mascots (2016). Posey is the recipient of a Golden Globe Award nomination, a Satellite Award nomination and two Independent Spirit Award nominations.\nPosey made her film debut in Joey Breaker (1993). Following small roles in Coneheads and the cult classic Dazed and Confused (also 1993), she was labeled \"Queen of the Indies\" for starring in a succession of independent films throughout the 1990s, such as Sleep with Me (1994), Party Girl, The Doom Generation, Kicking and Screaming (all 1995), The Daytrippers (1996), The House of Yes and Clockwatchers (both 1997). Her other notable film appearances include You've Got Mail (1998), Scream 3 (2000), Josie and the Pussycats (2001), Personal Velocity, The Sweetest Thing (both 2002), Blade: Trinity (2004), Superman Returns, Fay Grim (both 2006), Broken English (2007), The Eye (2008), Spring Breakdown (2009), Irrational Man (2015), Caf\u00e9 Society (2016) and Columbus (2017).\nOutside of film, Posey starred in the television movie Hell on Heels: The Battle of Mary Kay (2002) and has guest-starred on numerous series, such as Futurama (2000), The Simpsons (2000), Will & Grace (2001), Boston Legal (2006), Parks and Recreation (2011), The Good Wife (2011\u201312), Louie (2012), Inside Amy Schumer (2014), and Search Party (2016). Since 2018 she has starred as Dr Smith on the Netflix series Lost in Space.", "Q366317": "Don Luis Alberto Ferr\u00e9 Aguayo (February 17, 1904 \u2013 October 20, 2003) was a Puerto Rican engineer, industrialist, politician, philanthropist, and a patron of the arts. He was Governor of Puerto Rico, serving from 1969 to 1973. He was the founding father of the New Progressive Party, which advocates for Puerto Rico to become a state of the United States of America. He is a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.", "Q940516": "Christopher MacFarlane, better known as Macka B, (born 1966) is a British-born Jamaican reggae artist, performer and activist with a career spanning thirty years in the United Kingdom and Jamaica. According to AllMusic.com \"Macka B was one of Britain's most influential dancehall toasters.\"As a practicing Rastaman, Macka B's music is based around the political and spiritual message of the religion, with an often light and humorous touch. Working with the Mad Professor, he combined dancehall and dub styles of reggae, although has avoided a more commercial crossover approach. He takes his name from the Judean rebels against the Greeks, the Maccabees.", "Q101320": "Ellen Marx (born February 22, 1939) is a French-German visual artist and author of reference books about color.", "Q2902064": "Dov Ben-Meir (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05d1 \u05d1\u05df-\u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u200e, 11 August 1927 \u2013 21 March 2020) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment between 1981 and 1988.", "Q607278": "Pietro Gori (1865\u20131911) was an Italian lawyer, journalist, intellectual and anarchist poet. He is known for his political activities, and as author of some of the most famous anarchist songs of the late 19th century, including Addio a Lugano (\"Farewell to Lugano\"), Stornelli d'esilio (\"Exile Songs\"), Ballata per Sante Caserio (\"Ballad for Sante Geronimo Caserio\"), Inno del Primo Maggio (\"May, 1 Anthem\").\n\n", "Q1884989": "Mahmoud Mohammed Taha, (1909 \u2013 18 January 1985; Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0647) also known as Ustaz Mahmoud Mohammed Taha, was a Sudanese religious thinker, leader, and trained engineer. He developed what he called the \"Second Message of Islam\", which postulated that the verses of the Qur'an revealed in Medina were appropriate in their time as the basis of Islamic law, (Sharia), but that the verses revealed in Mecca represented the ideal religion, would be revived when humanity had reached a stage of development capable of accepting them, ushering in a renewed Islam based on freedom and equality.\nHe was executed for apostasy for his religious preaching at the age of 76 by the regime of Gaafar Nimeiry.", "Q1770593": "Christian Thams (9 September 1867 \u2013 22 May 1948) was a Norwegian architect, industrialist, businessman and diplomat.", "Q223139": "North by Northwest is a 1959 American thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Cary Grant, Eva Marie Saint, and James Mason. The screenplay was by Ernest Lehman, who wanted to write \"the Hitchcock picture to end all Hitchcock pictures\".North by Northwest is a tale of mistaken identity, with an innocent man pursued across the United States by agents of a mysterious organization trying to prevent him from blocking their plan to smuggle out microfilm which contains government secrets. This is one of several Hitchcock films which feature a music score by Bernard Herrmann and an opening title sequence by graphic designer Saul Bass, and it is generally cited as the first to feature extended use of kinetic typography in its opening credits.North by Northwest is listed among the canonical Hitchcock films of the 1950s and is often listed among the greatest films of all time. It was selected in 1995 for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".\n\n", "Q330151": "Takahiro Tamura (31 August 1928 \u2013 16 May 2006) was a Japanese film actor. He appeared in 100 films between 1954 and 2005. He and his younger brothers Masakazu and Ry\u014d were known as the three Tamura brothers. They were sons of actor Tsumasaburo Bando.Tamura graduated from Doshisha University. In 1953, he joined Shochiku and made his film debut in \"Onna no Sono\". In 1965, he won the Best Supporting Actor award at the 16th Blue Ribbon Awards for his role in The Hoodlum Soldier.\u3000Tamura won Mainichi Film Award for Best Actor award for his role in Muddy River in 1981. He died of Cerebral infarction on 19 May 2006. His final appearance in the film was \"The Yakiniku mubi: Purukogi\" released in 2007.", "Q75329": "Anna P\u00e4ivikki J\u00e4rvinen (born 16 April 1970) is a Swedish\u2013Finnish composer, singer and musician who was a member of the group Granada before they split in 2003. J\u00e4rvinen afterwards started a solo career and has so far released four albums and worked with artists like Olle Ljungstr\u00f6m, Melody Club, Dungen, Bj\u00f6rn Olsson and Olavi Uusivirta.", "Q1680660": "James Keach (born December 7, 1947) is an American actor and filmmaker. He is the younger brother of actor Stacy Keach Jr. and son of actor Stacy Keach Sr.", "Q42585": "The Kingdom of Bohemia, sometimes later in English literature referred to as the Czech Kingdom (Czech: \u010cesk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed; German: K\u00f6nigreich B\u00f6hmen; Latin: Regnum Bohemiae, sometimes Regnum Czechorum), was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, the predecessor of the modern Czech Republic. It was an Imperial State in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Bohemian king was a prince-elector of the empire. The kings of Bohemia, besides Bohemia itself, also ruled other lands belonging to the Bohemian Crown, which at various times included Moravia, Silesia, Lusatia, and parts of Saxony, Brandenburg, and Bavaria.\nThe kingdom was established by the P\u0159emyslid dynasty in the 12th century from the Duchy of Bohemia, later ruled by the House of Luxembourg, the Jagiellonian dynasty, and since 1526 by the House of Habsburg and its successor house Habsburg-Lorraine. Numerous kings of Bohemia were also elected Holy Roman Emperors and the capital Prague was the imperial seat in the late 14th century, and at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries.\nAfter the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the territory became part of the Habsburg Austrian Empire, and subsequently the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867. Bohemia retained its name and formal status as a separate Kingdom of Bohemia until 1918, known as a crown land within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and its capital Prague was one of the empire's leading cities. The Czech language (called the Bohemian language in English usage until the 19th century) was the main language of the Diet and the nobility until 1627 (after the Bohemian Revolt was suppressed). German was then formally made equal with Czech and eventually prevailed as the language of the Diet until the Czech National Revival in the 19th century. German was also widely used as the language of administration in many towns after the return of Germans immigrated and populated some areas of the country in the 13th century after the Migration Period. The royal court used the Czech, Latin, and German languages, depending on the ruler and period.\nFollowing the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I, both the Kingdom and Empire were dissolved. Bohemia became the core part of the newly formed Czechoslovak Republic.", "Q873876": "Ittoku Kishibe (\u5cb8\u90e8 \u4e00\u5fb3, Kishibe Ittoku, born 9 January 1947), born Sh\u016bz\u014d Kishibe (\u5cb8\u90e8 \u4fee\u4e09, Kishibe Sh\u016bz\u014d), is a Japanese actor and musician.", "Q127481": "Tony Gatlif (born as Michel Dahmani on 10 September 1948 in Algiers) is a French film director of Romani ethnicity who also works as a screenwriter, composer, actor, and producer.", "Q336520": "Alan Michael Sugar, Baron Sugar (born 24 March 1947) is a British business magnate, media personality, politician, and political adviser. In 1968, he started what would later become his largest business venture, consumer electronics company Amstrad. In 2007, he sold his remaining interest in the company in a deal to BSkyB for \u00a3125m.Sugar was the chairman and part-owner of Tottenham Hotspur from 1991 to 2001, selling his remaining stake in the club in 2007 as well, for \u00a325m. He appears in the BBC TV series The Apprentice, which has been broadcast annually since 2005.\nAccording to the Sunday Times Rich List, Sugar became a billionaire in 2015. In 2016, his fortune was estimated at \u00a31.15bn, ranking him as the 95th richest-person in the UK.\n\n", "Q4179654": "Vladimir Ippolitovich Zhernakov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0418\u043f\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0416\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432; November 2, 1878 \u2013 1943) was a Russian merchant, public figure and politician. The first city head of Novonikolyevsk from 1909 to 1914.", "Q149358": "Obsessed is a 2009 American psychological thriller film directed by Steve Shill. Starring Idris Elba, Beyonc\u00e9 Knowles, and Ali Larter, Obsessed tells the story of Lisa (Larter), an office temp, who develops unrequited feelings for her boss, Derek Charles (Elba), and repeatedly attempts to seduce him. Derek's wife, Sharon (Beyonc\u00e9), learns of Lisa's obsessive behavior, and suspects an affair. Written by David Loughery, with an allocated a production budget of $20 million, and filmed in the summer of 2008. Obsessed was inspired by the work of directors Roman Polanski and Alfred Hitchcock, and more specifically Fatal Attraction (1987), and its score was written by James Dooley. Lisa and Sharon were dressed in contrasting styles to reinforce their conflicting characters. Obsessed opened in US theaters on April 24, 2009, and UK theaters on May 29, 2009, and was distributed by Screen Gems.\nObsessed received generally negative reviews from critics, many of whom were disappointed in the absence of an explanation for Lisa's obsession with Derek. Others noted that the potential theme of interracial conflict between the Charles family, who are black, and Lisa, who is white, was unexplored. The storyline of Obsessed has been compared with that of Fatal Attraction (1987) - a recollection in which Elba and Beyonc\u00e9 have the Michael Douglas and Anne Archer roles, respectively, while Larter is in Glenn Close's - although film critics disliked the fact that Derek did not yield to Lisa's seduction. The fight scene finale between Sharon and Lisa, however, was commended by reviewers, and won the MTV Movie Award for Best Fight. Obsessed spent its first week atop the US box office, and grossed $73.8 million from theaters, internationally. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the film for home viewing on August 4, 2009, in the US and has sold 1.3 million DVDs, worth $21 million of consumer spending.", "Q1689122": "Jim Jackson (June 1876 \u2013 December 18, 1933) was an American blues and hokum singer, songster, and guitarist, whose recordings in the late 1920s were popular and influential on later musicians.", "Q64224": "Opfikon (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0254pfiko\u02d0n]; in the local Swiss German dialect: [\u02c8opfikx\u0259]) is the name of a municipality in the Swiss canton of Z\u00fcrich, located in the district of B\u00fclach.", "Q1066800": "Charlie Allan (born 27 February 1963) is a Scottish actor and musician. He is the Chief Executive of The Clanranald Trust for Scotland, a recognized non-profit organization in Scotland, which would spread and revive primarily Scottish culture and Scottish heritage through entertainment and education. For this purpose, a replica of a medieval Scottish village named Duncarron has been constructed.He is also the bandleader of the Scottish band Saor Patrol.He is the Chief of Combat International and the Scottish Federation of Medieval Martial Arts (SFMMA). Saor Patrol, Combat International and the SFMMA are parts of The Clanranald Trust for Scotland. He played small roles in films like Gladiator and Robin Hood. Since making Gladiator he is friends with Russell Crowe, who supports him in his Duncarron project.", "Q434636": "Kimberley Bret Greist (born May 12, 1958) is a retired American actress and model, best known for her roles in films throughout the 1980s.\n\n", "Q472663": "\"F. R.\" David (born Elli Robert Fitoussi 1 January 1947, Menzel Bourguiba, Tunisia) is a Tunisian-born French singer. He is best known for his 1982 hit single \"Words\".", "Q2904": "Herne (German pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u025b\u0281n\u0259] (listen)) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Ruhr area, directly between the cities of Bochum and Gelsenkirchen.", "Q85958": "Salomon Sulzer (Hebrew: \u05e1\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05d5\u05df \u05d6\u05d5\u05dc\u05e6\u05e8\u200e, March 30, 1804, Hohenems, Vorarlberg - January 17, 1890, Vienna) was an Austrian hazzan (cantor) and composer.\n\n", "Q61374": "Wolfhart Pannenberg (2 October 1928 \u2013 4 September 2014) was a German Lutheran theologian. He has made a number of significant contributions to modern theology, including his concept of history as a form of revelation centered on the resurrection of Christ, which has been widely debated in both Protestant and Catholic theology, as well as by non-Christian thinkers.", "Q717731": "Baron Pavel L'vovitch Schilling, also known as Paul Schilling (5 April 1786, in Reval (now, Tallinn), Russian empire \u2013 25 July 1837, in St. Petersburg, Russia), was a diplomat of Baltic German origin employed in the service of Russia in Germany, and who built a pioneering electrical telegraph. It consisted of a single needle system which used a telegraph code to indicate the characters in a message. \nSchilling's first electromagnetic telegraph cable line was set up in his apartment in St Petersburg. In 1832, Schilling demonstrated the long-distance transmission of signals by positioning two telegraphs of his invention\u2014his device was said to be the first electromagnetic telegraph in the world\u2014in two different rooms of his apartment. Schilling was the first to put into practice the idea of a binary system of signal transmissions. Schilling's contributions to electrical telegraphy were named an IEEE Milestone in 2009.The most important exhibit in the telegraph collection of the A.S. Popov Central Museum of Communications is reputed to be Schilling's telegraph of 1832. A demonstration device was set up in 1835 on an underground line around the Admiralty building. An operational line between Kronstadt and the Peterhof Palace was planned but cancelled after Schilling's death.", "Q876926": "Kita-ku (\u5317\u533a) is one of the five wards of Kumamoto City, Japan. Meaning literally \"north ward,\" it is bordered by the Nishi-ku, Ch\u016b\u014d-ku, Higashi-ku and also by the cities of Yamaga, Kikuchi, K\u014dshi and the towns of Gyokut\u014d and Kikuy\u014d. As of 2012, it has a population of 140,684 people and an area of 115.65 km2.", "Q1274258": "Joaqu\u00edn Jos\u00e9 Lav\u00edn Infante (born 23 October 1953) is a Chilean politician and economist. He is a member of the Independent Democratic Union (UDI) party and former mayor of Santiago and Las Condes municipalities of capital Santiago. He ran for president twice in 1999 and 2005, losing both times.", "Q517945": "Barbara Gluck (born 1938) is an American photojournalist, art photographer, speaker, writer, and healing facilitator.\nAfter an early career in advertising she spent almost four years in Vietnam, during the war, and produced award-winning photojournalism during the Vietnam War. During the late 1970s she developed her career as an art photographer, with her \"Light Painting\" series becoming major museum shows.\nIn the early 1980s she co-founded the Light Institute of Galisteo, in New Mexico, which became famous for its \"Past Life\" work. In the late 1980s Gluck went on to found the Global Light Network and the Soul Matrix Clearing, Healing and Empowerment System, which focused on releasing \"The Primordial Imprints of Separation from God\". She has taken this around the world.", "Q1321265": "Stephen McHattie Smith (born February 3, 1946), known professionally as Stephen McHattie, is a Canadian actor. Since beginning his professional career in 1970, he has amassed over 200 film and television credits. He won the Genie Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Rocket, and a Gemini Award for Life With Billy.", "Q155981": "Zerbst is a town in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Until an administrative reform in 2007, Zerbst was the capital of the former Anhalt-Zerbst district.", "Q65112": "Marmorera (German: Marmels) is a village and former municipality in the Surs\u00e9s in the district of Albula in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged to form the new municipality of Surses.Until the end of the 19th century, its population was almost exclusively Romansh-speaking. This figure has however since been in decline, with its 2000 census reporting that 57% of the population now declared German as a first language.\nThe old village was destroyed and flooded when the Marmorera dam was constructed. The current village was built above Lai da Marmorera.\n\n", "Q101308": "Max Obal (4 September 1881 \u2013 18 May 1949) was a German actor, screenwriter and film director. He co-directed the 1927 swashbuckler Rinaldo Rinaldini fearuting Hans Albers.", "Q86289": "Alice R\u00fchle-Gerstel (Prague, 24 March 1894 \u2013 Mexico, 24 June 1943) was a German-Jewish writer, feminist, and psychologist.", "Q272438": "Diane von F\u00fcrstenberg, formerly Princess Diane of F\u00fcrstenberg (German: Diane Prinzessin zu F\u00fcrstenberg; born Diane Simone Michelle Halfin; 31 December 1946), is a Belgian fashion designer best known for her wrap dress. She initially rose to prominence when she married into the German princely House of F\u00fcrstenberg, as the wife of Prince Egon von F\u00fcrstenberg. Following their separation in 1972 and divorce in 1983, she has continued to use his family name.\nHer fashion company, Diane von Furstenberg (DVF) is available in over 70 countries and 45 free-standing shops worldwide, with the company's headquarters and flagship boutique located in Manhattan's Meatpacking District.She is president of the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA), a position she has held since 2006; in 2014 was listed as the 68th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes; and in 2015 was included in the Time 100, as an Icon, by Time Magazine. In 2016, she was awarded an honorary doctorate from The New School.", "Q205868": "Vernon Dobtcheff (born 14 August 1934) is a British actor, although best known for his roles on television and film, has acted numerously in stage productions.", "Q110205": "Leonhard W\u00e4chter (25 November 1762 \u2014 11 February 1837) was German writer and historian who often published under the pseudonym Veit Weber. His most well-known work of fiction was Sagen der Vorzeit (Legends of the Past), a seven volume idealized account of Germany in the middle ages. The work influenced several 18th- and early 19th-century Gothic novelists in both Britain and France. According to the Germanist James Taft Hatfield, it also had an influence on Goethe's Poem \"Im Ernsten Beinhaus\".", "Q2282920": "Poe Boy Music Group (formerly Poe Boy Entertainment) is an American record label founded in 1999 by Elric \"E-Class\" Prince, the label's founder and CEO. President of Poe Boy Music Group Elvin \"Big Chuck\" Prince, CEO of Hiram Music Group & CEO of 24hourhiphop.com. That same year the label signed local Miami rappers, Cognito, Uk DJ / Producer Gav Savar, The P.O.D, Brisco and singer Rodney Kohn who set the label in motion. Poe Boy Music Group signed acts such as Flo Rida, J Rand, Kulture Shock, Yung Max, Dieusen, Jacki-O, Young GQ, Brisco, Rick Ross, and Brianna Perry.\nThe label has a close affiliation with fellow Miami based label Slip-n-Slide Records.\n\n", "Q8597": "Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631; October 1542\u2013 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar the Great, (Akbar-i-azam \u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645), and also as Akbar I (IPA: [\u0259kb\u0259r]), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India.\nA strong personality and a successful general, Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include much of the Indian subcontinent. His power and influence, however, extended over the entire subcontinent because of Mughal military, political, cultural, and economic dominance. To unify the vast Mughal state, Akbar established a centralised system of administration throughout his empire and adopted a policy of conciliating conquered rulers through marriage and diplomacy. To preserve peace and order in a religiously and culturally diverse empire, he adopted policies that won him the support of his non-Muslim subjects. Eschewing tribal bonds and Islamic state identity, Akbar strove to unite far-flung lands of his realm through loyalty, expressed through an Indo-Persian culture, to himself as an emperor.\nMughal India developed a strong and stable economy, leading to commercial expansion and greater patronage of culture. Akbar himself was a patron of art and culture. He was fond of literature, and created a library of over 24,000 volumes written in Sanskrit, Urdu, Persian, Greek, Latin, Arabic and Kashmiri, staffed by many scholars, translators, artists, calligraphers, scribes, bookbinders and readers. He did much of the cataloging himself through three main groupings. Akbar also established the library of Fatehpur Sikri exclusively for women, and he decreed that schools for the education of both Muslims and Hindus should be established throughout the realm. He also encouraged bookbinding to become a high art. Holy men of many faiths, poets, architects, and artisans adorned his court from all over the world for study and discussion. Akbar's courts at Delhi, Agra, and Fatehpur Sikri became centres of the arts, letters, and learning. Perso-Islamic culture began to merge and blend with indigenous Indian elements, and a distinct Indo-Persian culture emerged characterized by Mughal style arts, painting, and architecture. Disillusioned with orthodox Islam and perhaps hoping to bring about religious unity within his empire, Akbar promulgated Din-i-Ilahi, a syncretic creed derived mainly from Islam and Hinduism as well as some parts of Zoroastrianism and Christianity.\nAkbar's reign significantly influenced the course of Indian history. During his rule, the Mughal Empire tripled in size and wealth. He created a powerful military system and instituted effective political and social reforms. By abolishing the sectarian tax on non-Muslims and appointing them to high civil and military posts, he was the first Mughal ruler to win the trust and loyalty of the native subjects. He had Sanskrit literature translated, participated in native festivals, realising that a stable empire depended on the co-operation and good-will of his subjects. Thus, the foundations for a multicultural empire under Mughal rule were laid during his reign. Akbar was succeeded as emperor by his son, Prince Salim, later known as Jahangir.", "Q87197": "Johann Friedrich von Cronegk (September 2, 1731 \u2013 January 1, 1758), German poet, was born at Ansbach.", "Q192574": "Hy\u00e8res (French pronunciation: \u200b[j\u025b\u02d0\u0281]), Proven\u00e7al Occitan: Ieras in classical norm, or Iero in Mistralian norm) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur region in southeastern France.\nThe old town lies 4 km (2.5 mi) from the sea clustered around the Castle of Saint Bernard, which is set on a hill. Between the old town and the sea lies the pine-covered hill of Costebelle, which overlooks the peninsula of Giens. Hy\u00e8res is the oldest resort on the French Riviera.", "Q588903": "Futari Ecchi (Japanese: \u3075\u305f\u308a\u30a8\u30c3\u30c1, Hepburn: Futari Ecchi) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Katsu Aki. It has been serialized in Young Animal since 1997, with the chapters later combined into tank\u014dbon volumes by Hakusensha, of which to date there are seventy-nine. The series follows a newlywed couple in their mid-twenties, both virgins when they married, and chronicles their sexual explorations. The manga combines erotic elements with factual and informative statistics. Its title Futari Ecchi (\"two person ecchi\") is a play on a slang term for masturbation, hitori ecchi (\"single person ecchi\"). The series has 29.5 million copies in print and is most famous for being a how-to guide combined into a story.Two spin-off manga have been released, Futari Ecchi for Ladies focusing on the sexuality of women and Futari Ecchi Gaiden: Akira, The Evangelist of Sex focusing on Akira. There are also two sex manuals and an art book. The series was adapted into a three episode live-action television drama that aired on WOWOW in 2000. A four-volume original video animation (OVA) series was produced from 2002 and 2004. In 2011, a twelve-episode live-action web series was streamed on Ustream. Also in 2011, a live-action theatrical film series began. Four films have been released. A second three episode OVA series was released in 2014 by Production Reed.\nIn 2007, the manga series was licensed in North America by Tokyopop as Manga Sutra, only four volumes were released. Also in 2007, Media Blasters licensed and released the OVAs on DVD as Step Up Love Story.", "Q35725": "The Trial is a 1993 film made by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) based on Harold Pinter's screenplay adaptation of Franz Kafka's 1925 novel The Trial.\nDirected by David Jones and produced by Jan Balzer and Louis Marks, the film stars Kyle MacLachlan and has cameo appearances by several prominent British actors including Anthony Hopkins, Juliet Stevenson, Alfred Molina, David Thewlis, and Michael Kitchen.\nThe film was shot in Prague and Kutn\u00e1 Hora.", "Q553861": "Tom Jenkinson (born 17 January 1975), known professionally as Squarepusher, is an English electronic musician. His music spans several genres, including drum and bass, IDM, jazz, and electroacoustic music. His recordings are typified by a combination of electronic sound sources, live instrumental playing, and digital signal processing. He is the brother of Ceephax Acid Crew (Andrew Jenkinson).", "Q273040": "Nell Rankin (January 3, 1924 \u2013 January 13, 2005) was an American operatic mezzo-soprano. Though a successful opera singer internationally, she spent most of her career at the Metropolitan Opera, where she worked from 1951 to 1976. She was particularly admired for her portrayals of Amneris in Verdi's Aida and the title role in Bizet's Carmen. Opera News said, \"Her full, generous tone and bold phrasing, especially in the Italian repertory, were unique among American mezzos of her generation.", "Q182001": "M\u00fcnchwilen District is one of the five districts of the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland. It has a population of 47,325 (as of 31 December 2018). Its capital is the town of M\u00fcnchwilen.\nThe district contains the following municipalities:", "Q704995": "Shibusawa Eiichi, 1st Viscount Shibusawa (\u6e0b\u6ca2 \u6804\u4e00, March 16, 1840 \u2013 November 11, 1931) was a Japanese industrialist widely known today as the \"father of Japanese capitalism\". He spearheaded the introduction of Western capitalism to Japan after the Meiji Restoration. He introduced many economic reforms including use of double-entry accounting, joint-stock corporations and modern note-issuing banks.He founded the first modern bank based on joint stock ownership in Japan. The bank was aptly named The First National Bank (Dai Ichi Kokuritsu Gink\u014d, now merged into Mizuho Bank) and had the power to issue its own notes. Through this bank, he founded hundreds of other joint stock corporations in Japan. Many of these companies still survive to this day as quoted companies in the Tokyo Stock Exchange, which Shibusawa also founded. The Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry was founded by him as well. He was also involved in the foundation of many hospitals, schools, universities (including the first women's university), the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo and charitable organizations including the Japan Red Cross.Another notable aspect of Shibusawa's career is that, despite being the founder of hundreds of corporations, he refused to maintain a controlling stake in these corporations, effectively preventing himself from forming a zaibatsu. What is known as the Shibusawa zaibatsu was a holding company to look after his estate for his family. The Shibusawa Zaibatsu did not hold any controlling stake in any companies. Despite his lowly origin as a farmer, he was granted the title of Viscount, while all other zaibatsu founders were awarded the title of Baron. He was also awarded Sh\u014dnii, Second Honour under the ritsury\u014d rank system, which is usually given to high-ranking nobility and prime ministers.\nOn April 9, 2019, it was announced that Eiichi would be the historical figure featured on Japanese \u00a510000 banknotes expected to enter circulation around 2024.", "Q121966": "Karl Meier (16 March 1897, St. Gallen \u2013 29 March 1974, Zurich) was a Swiss actor influential in the European LGBT social movement. He was a member of the socially active Cabaret Cornichon company, and editor for the gay magazine Der Kreis (The Circle), which he edited under the pen name \"Rolf\".", "Q1251796": "Doug MacLeod (born April 21, 1946 in New York City, United States) is an American storytelling blues musician. Although now associated with his home in Memphis, he has lived and worked in North Carolina, St. Louis, New York, Los Angeles, and Norfolk, Virginia, where he was stationed in the United States Navy. He became acquainted with the blues in St Louis in his teens and started his career playing country blues on acoustic guitar, finding that singing eased a chronic stutter and helped him to eventually overcome it. Although predominantly associated with acoustic guitar, his skills were developed as a blues bass player, and honed by his subsequent journeys into jazz and electric blues.", "Q2605460": "Ted Arison (Hebrew: \u05ea\u05d3 \u05d0\u05e8\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05df\u200e; 24 February 1924 \u2013 1 October 1999) was an Israeli businessman who co-founded Norwegian Cruise Lines in 1966 with Knut Kloster and soon left to form Carnival Cruise Lines in 1972.", "Q4864053": "Barry Brucker is an American businessman and politician. He served twice as the Mayor of Beverly Hills, California.", "Q87829": "Helene Jarmer (born August 8, 1971), as a member of the National Council of Austria, is the third culturally Deaf person in world history to be elected to a national parliament (after Wilma Newhoudt-Druchen of South Africa who was elected to the South African Parliament in 1999, and Dimitra Arapoglou who was elected to the Greek Parliament in 2007).", "Q44862": "Johann Nepomuk Eduard Ambrosius Nestroy (7 December 1801 \u2013 25 May 1862) was a singer, actor and playwright in the popular Austrian tradition of the Biedermeier period and its immediate aftermath. He participated in the 1848 revolutions and his work reflects the new liberal spirit then spreading throughout Europe.", "Q361336": "William Condon (born October 22, 1955) is an American screenwriter and director. He is best known for writing and directing the films Gods and Monsters, Kinsey, and Dreamgirls. He won an Academy Award for writing Gods and Monsters.", "Q1807470": "Voronezh State University is one of the main universities in Central Russia, located in the city of Voronezh. The university was established in 1918 by professors evacuated from the University of Tartu in Estonia. The university has 18 faculties and an enrollment of 22,000 students from Russia, Europe, Africa, the Americas and Asia. Besides, the university has 6 research institutes and 16 research laboratories administered by the Russian Academy of Science. The university is composed of 10 buildings and 7 resident halls situated throughout the city. For over 90 years the University has trained more than 100,000 professionals. Among university graduates there are Nobel laureates, State Prize winners of the USSR and Russia, academicians, ministers, representatives of science and culture. University graduates are working in more than 90 countries worldwide.", "Q65674": "Castiel ([k\u0250\u02c8\u0283ti\u0259\u032fl] ) is a former municipality in the district of Plessur in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Castiel, Calfreisen, Langwies, L\u00fcen, Molinis, Peist and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.", "Q1163944": "Daniil Borisovich Shafran (Russian: \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u043b \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d, 13 January 1923 \u2013 7 February 1997) was a Soviet Russian cellist.\n\n", "Q224118": "30 Days of Night: Dark Days is a 2010 direct-to-video American horror film based on the comic book miniseries of the same name. It was directed by and written by Ben Ketai, alongside co-writer Steve Niles. It is a sequel to the 2007 film 30 Days of Night. A prequel to the first film titled 30 Days of Night: Blood Trails was released on FEARnet.com and FEARnet On Demand in 2007 and was followed by a second series, 30 Days of Night: Dust to Dust.", "Q233464": "Annie Hall is a 1977 American romantic comedy film directed by Woody Allen from a screenplay he co-wrote with Marshall Brickman. Produced by Allen's manager, Charles H. Joffe, the film stars the director as Alvy Singer, who tries to figure out the reasons for the failure of his relationship with the film's eponymous female lead, played by Diane Keaton in a role written specifically for her.\nPrincipal photography for the film began on May 19, 1976, on the South Fork of Long Island, and continued periodically for the next ten months. Allen has described the result, which marked his first collaboration with cinematographer Gordon Willis, as \"a major turning point\", in that unlike the farces and comedies that were his work to that point, it introduced a new level of seriousness. Academics have noted the contrast in the settings of New York City and Los Angeles, the stereotype of gender differences in sexuality, the presentation of Jewish identity, and the elements of psychoanalysis and modernism.\nAnnie Hall was screened at the Los Angeles Film Festival in March 1977, before its official release on April 20, 1977. The film was highly praised, and along with winning the Academy Award for Best Picture, received Oscars in three other categories: two for Allen (Best Director and, with Brickman, Best Original Screenplay), and Best Actress for Keaton. The film additionally won four BAFTA awards and a Golden Globe, the latter being awarded to Keaton. The film's North American box office receipts of $38,251,425 are fourth-best of Allen's works when not adjusted for inflation.\nIt ranks 31st on AFI's List of the greatest films in American cinema, 4th on their list of greatest comedy films and 28th on Bravo's \"100 Funniest Movies\". Film critic Roger Ebert called it \"just about everyone's favorite Woody Allen movie\". The film's screenplay was also named the funniest ever written by the Writers Guild of America in its list of the \"101 Funniest Screenplays\". In 1992, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"", "Q91093": "Ernst Zitelmann [tsi:tlman] (7 August 1852, Stettin \u2013 28 November 1923, Bonn) was a German jurist, who specialized in the dogmatics of civil law.He studied law at the universities of Leipzig, Heidelberg and Bonn. In 1873 he got his dissertation at the university of Leipzig with the topic \"Begriff und Wesen der juristischen Person\" (\"concept and constitution of a legal person\").\n\nLater on, he received great public attention by publishing an article on \"Die juristische Willenserkl\u00e4rung\" (\"the juridical declaration of intent\", 1878) and a monograph named \"Irrtum und Rechtsgesch\u00e4ft\" (\"error and act of legal significance\", 1879). Because of that he was nominated as an associate professor at the University of G\u00f6ttingen in 1879. Some months later he went to the University of Rostock as a full professor.\nHe taught as a professor at the University of Rostock (1879-1881), University of Halle (1881-1884), University of Bonn (1884-1921). At Bonn he taught classes in German civil law and Roman law\".Zitelman died after an unsuccessful operation in 1923 in Bonn.", "Q216814": "Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau FRS FRSE MIF (23 September 1819 \u2013 18 September 1896) was a French physicist, best known for measuring the speed of light in the namesake Fizeau experiment.", "Q61412": "Jenny Julia Eleanor Marx (16 January 1855 \u2013 31 March 1898), sometimes called Eleanor Aveling and known to her family as Tussy, was the English-born youngest daughter of Karl Marx. She was herself a socialist activist who sometimes worked as a literary translator. In March 1898, after discovering that Edward Aveling, her partner and a prominent British Marxist, had secretly married a young actress in June of the previous year, she poisoned herself at the age of 43.", "Q622946": "Aqua Teen Hunger Force (also known by various alternative titles) is an American adult animated television series created by Dave Willis and Matt Maiellaro for Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It is about the surreal adventures and antics of three anthropomorphic fast food items: Master Shake, Frylock, and Meatwad, who live together as relatives and frequently interact with their human next-door neighbor, Carl Brutananadilewski.\nIt was created as a spin-off series of Space Ghost Coast to Coast. The unannounced pilot episode, \"Rabbot\", aired on Cartoon Network on December 30, 2000; the series later made its official debut on Adult Swim on September 9, 2001. Every episode was written and directed by Willis and Maiellaro, who also provided several voices. Seasons 8\u201311 were each given a different alternative title, accompanied by a different theme music, as a running joke. The series ended on August 30, 2015, with a total of 139 episodes over the course of 11 seasons.\nAqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters, a film adaptation of the series, was released in theaters on April 13, 2007, the first adaptation of an Adult Swim series into a feature-length film. The series airs in broadcast syndication outside the United States and has been released on various DVD sets and other forms of home media, including video on demand streaming. It was the longest-running Adult Swim series until it was surpassed by The Venture Bros. (in terms of years), Squidbillies (in terms of seasons), and Robot Chicken (in terms of episodes).", "Q105608": "Stefan Doernberg (21 June 1924 \u2013 3 May 2010) was a writer, secondary school teacher and Researcher of Contemporary History as well as the final director of International Relations Institute for the Academy of the State and Jurisprudence (ASR in German) for the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). He was the East German ambassador to Finland from 1981 to 1987.", "Q237602": "Katrina Amy Alexandra Alexis Infield (born 22 May 1978), known professionally as Katie Price and previously by the pseudonym Jordan, is an English media personality, model, businesswoman, author, and singer. \nPrice rose to prominence in 1996 for her glamour modeling work with appearances on Page 3 in British tabloids The Sun and The Daily Star. She appeared on the third series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! in 2004 and the following year she was the runner-up in the search for the UK's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest. In 2006, Price released her debut studio album, A Whole New World, in collaboration with Peter Andre. She has starred in her own reality television series, including Jordan (2002-2004), Katie & Peter (2004-2009), Signed by Katie Price (2011), Katie (2009-2012) and Katie Price: My Crazy Life (2019). Price appeared on the ninth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! in 2009, and was the winner of the fifteenth series of Celebrity Big Brother in 2015. Since 2015, she has been a regular panellist on Loose Women.\nIn addition to her media and modeling career, Price has also established herself in the publishing industry, releasing six autobiographies, eleven novels, one fashion book, and two series of children's books. She was in the top 100 best selling authors of the decade for book sales between 2000 and 2010, with over three million sales.", "Q736099": "Renato Carosone ([re\u02c8na\u02d0to karo\u02c8zo\u02d0ne]; January 3, 1920 \u2013 May 20, 2001), born Renato Carusone, was an Italian musician.\nHe was a prominent figure of the Italian music scene in the second half of the 20th century. He was also a modern performer of the so-called canzone napoletana, Naples' song tradition. His biggest successes in Italy were: O' Sarracino, Caravan Petrol, Tu Vu\u00f2 F\u00e0 L'Americano, Maruzzella and Pigliate na pastiglia. \nHe was even one of the two artists (the second one is Domenico Modugno) that sold copies in the United States without writing them in English.\n\n", "Q325574": "Deadlock is a 1970 West German spaghetti western directed by Roland Klick. It is perhaps best known today for the soundtrack supplied by the German rock band Can. The songs Can wrote for this film are found on the 1970 Can album Soundtracks. Today Deadlock is considered a cult classic.", "Q77270": "Alexander Kaufmann (14 May 1817 \u2013 1 May 1893) was a German poet and folklorist from Bonn.", "Q58293": "Alfredo Moreno Charme (born August 4, 1956) is a Chilean diplomat and politician.\nCharme was born in Santiago, Chile. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile under President Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era.", "Q152750": "The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (German: Protektorat B\u00f6hmen und M\u00e4hren; Czech: Protektor\u00e1t \u010cechy a Morava) was a protectorate of Nazi Germany established on 16 March 1939 following the German occupation of the Czech lands on 15 March 1939. Earlier, following the Munich Agreement of September 1938, Nazi Germany had incorporated the Czech Sudetenland territory as a Reichsgau (October 1938).\nThe protectorate's population was majority ethnic Czech, while the Sudetenland was majority ethnic German. Following the establishment of the independent Slovak Republic on 14 March 1939, and the German occupation of the Czech rump state the next day, Adolf Hitler established the protectorate on 16 March 1939 by a proclamation from Prague Castle.\nThe German government justified its intervention by claiming that Czechoslovakia was descending into chaos as the country was breaking apart on ethnic lines, and that the German military was seeking to restore order in the region.Czechoslovakia at the time under President Emil H\u00e1cha had pursued a pro-German foreign policy; however, upon meeting with the German F\u00fchrer Adolf Hitler (15 March 1939), H\u00e1cha submitted to Germany's demands and issued a declaration stating that in light of events he accepted that Germany would decide the fate of the Czech people; Hitler accepted H\u00e1cha's declaration and declared that Germany would provide the Czech people with an autonomous protectorate governed by ethnic Czechs. H\u00e1cha was appointed president of the protectorate the same day.\nThe Protectorate was a nominally autonomous Nazi-administered territory which the German government considered part of the Greater German Reich. The state's existence came to an end with the surrender of Germany to the Allies in 1945.", "Q501841": "The University of Turku (in Finnish Turun yliopisto, in Swedish \u00c5bo universitet, shortened in UTU), located in Turku in southwestern Finland, is the third largest university in the country as measured by student enrollment, after the University of Helsinki and Tampere University. It was established in 1920 and also has facilities at Rauma, Pori, Kevo and Salo. The university is a member of the Coimbra Group.", "Q228736": "The interdisciplinary field of materials science, also commonly termed materials science and engineering, is the design and discovery of new materials, particularly solids. The intellectual origins of materials science stem from the Enlightenment, when researchers began to use analytical thinking from chemistry, physics, and engineering to understand ancient, phenomenological observations in metallurgy and mineralogy. Materials science still incorporates elements of physics, chemistry, and engineering. As such, the field was long considered by academic institutions as a sub-field of these related fields. Beginning in the 1940s, materials science began to be more widely recognized as a specific and distinct field of science and engineering, and major technical universities around the world created dedicated schools for its study. \n\nMaterials science is a syncretic discipline hybridizing metallurgy, ceramics, solid-state physics, and chemistry. It is the first example of a new academic discipline emerging by fusion rather than fission.Many of the most pressing scientific problems humans currently face are due to the limits of available materials and how they are used. Thus, breakthroughs in materials science are likely to affect the future of technology significantly.Materials scientists emphasize understanding how the history of a material (its processing) influences its structure, and thus the material's properties and performance. The understanding of processing-structure-properties relationships is called the \u00a7 materials paradigm. This paradigm is used to advance understanding in a variety of research areas, including nanotechnology, biomaterials, and metallurgy. Materials science is also an important part of forensic engineering and failure analysis \u2013 investigating materials, products, structures or components which fail or do not function as intended, causing personal injury or damage to property. Such investigations are key to understanding, for example, the causes of various aviation accidents and incidents.", "Q71615": "Joachim Albrecht Leo Eggeling (30 November 1884 \u2013 15 April 1945) was the German Nazi Gauleiter of Halle-Merseburg and the High President (Oberpr\u00e4sident) of the Province of Halle-Merseburg.", "Q372438": "Ralf H\u00fctter (born 20 August 1946) is a German musician and composer best known as the lead singer, keyboardist, founding member and leader of Kraftwerk. Since the departure of Florian Schneider in 2008, he has been the band's sole remaining founding member.", "Q707250": "Eugene Peyton Jarvis (born January 27, 1955) is an American game designer and programmer, known for producing pinball machines for Atari and video games for Williams Electronics. Most notable amongst his works are the seminal arcade video games Defender and Robotron: 2084 in the early 1980s, and the Cruis'n series of driving games for Midway Games in the 1990s. He co-founded Vid Kidz in the early 1980s and currently leads his own development studio, Raw Thrills Inc. In 2008 Eugene Jarvis was named the first Game Designer in Residence by DePaul University's Game Development program. His family owns the Jarvis Wines company in Napa, CA.", "Q38573": "Walter Jens (8 March 1923 \u2013 9 June 2013) was a German philologist, literature historian, critic, university professor and writer.He was born in Hamburg, and attended the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums from 1933 to 1941, when he gained his abitur, before studying at the University of Hamburg. In the early 1940s, Jens joined the NSDAP. He denied having applied for membership actively and claims that he had become a member automatically because he was a member of the Hitler Youth and that he never received a membership card. During World War II, he earned a doctorate in Freiburg with a work about Sophocles' tragedy and habilitated at age 26 with the work Tacitus und die Freiheit (Tacitus and Freedom) at the University of T\u00fcbingen. Jens was a member of the Turnerschaft Akademischer Turnbund.\nFrom 1950 on, Jens was a member of the Group 47. That year, he had his breakthrough with the novel Nein. Die Welt der Angeklagten. One distinguishing characteristic of his literary work is that he interprets current events by looking back at the past.\nFrom 1965 to 1988, Jens held the chair for General Rhetoric at the University of T\u00fcbingen, which was created in order to keep him at the university. Under the pseudonym Momos, he wrote television reviews for Die Zeit. From 1976 to 1982, he was president of the International PEN center in Germany. From 1989 to 1997, he was president of the Academy of Arts, Berlin, and afterwards he was the honorary president. From 1990 to 1995, he was chairman of the Martin-Niem\u00f6ller-Foundation.\nJens suffered from dementia, which began to manifest in 2004. He died in 2013 in T\u00fcbingen.\n\n", "Q3167397": "Jean-Marc Jancovici (born 1962) is a French engineering consultant, energy and climate expert. He is a consultant, professor, conference speaker, writer, and independent columnist. He is co-founder and associate at the Carbone 4 consultancy firm, and the founding president of the think-tank The Shift Project.", "Q365144": "Caitlyn Marie Jenner (born William Bruce Jenner; October 28, 1949) is an American television personality and retired Olympic gold medal\u2013winning decathlete.\nJenner played college football for the Graceland Yellowjackets before incurring a knee injury that required surgery. Convinced by Olympic decathlete Jack Parker's coach, L. D. Weldon, to try the decathlon, Jenner culminated a 6 year decathlon career by winning the men's decathlon event at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, setting a third successive world record and gaining fame as \"an all-American hero\". Given the unofficial title of \"world's greatest athlete\", Jenner established a career in television, film, writing, auto racing, business, and as a Playgirl cover model.Jenner has six children with three successive wives\u2014Chrystie Crownover, Linda Thompson, and Kris Jenner\u2014and has since 2007 appeared on the reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians with Kris, their daughters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kris's other children Kourtney, Kim, Khlo\u00e9, and Rob Kardashian. Assigned male at birth, Caitlyn Jenner publicly came out as a trans woman in April 2015. Her new name was publicly announced in July of that year, with her name and gender being legally changed the following September. From 2015 to 2016, Jenner starred in the reality television series I Am Cait, which focused on her gender transition. In January 2017, she underwent sex reassignment surgery. Jenner has been called the most famous transgender woman in the world.\n\n", "Q3608279": "Baron Alberto Fassini (1875-1942) was an Italian business tycoon and film producer. Fassini owned a large synthetic textile company, and was close to the regime of the dictator Benito Mussolini. He owned the Palazzo Tittoni where Mussolini lived from 1923 to 1929.\n\n", "Q3610436": "A personal stylist advises individuals on new fashion trends, clothing styles, colours and make-up. A personal stylist is not to be confused with a wardrobe stylist, who selects the clothing for published editorial features, print or television advertising campaigns, music videos, concert performances, and public appearances made by celebrities and models. Personal stylists typically work one-on-one with the client, while Wardrobe Stylists are often part of a larger creative team collaborating with a fashion designer, photographer, art director, hair stylist, and makeup artist to put together a particular look or theme for the specific project.", "Q112360": "Ulrich Holbein (born January 24, 1953 in Erfurt) is a German writer. Holbein was the winner of the 2003 Hugo Ball Prize and winner of the 2012 Kassel Literary Prize.Holbein employs a number of pseudonyms, including Uriel Bohnlich, Heino Brichnull, Heinrich Bullo, and Lili Chonhuber.\n\n", "Q180602": "Machiko Ky\u014d (Japanese: \u4eac \u30de\u30c1\u5b50, Hepburn: Ky\u014d Machiko, March 25, 1924 \u2013 May 12, 2019) was a Japanese actress who was active primarily in the 1950s.", "Q221074": "Carlo Pedersoli (31 October 1929 \u2013 27 June 2016), known professionally as Bud Spencer, was an Italian actor, professional swimmer and water polo player. He was known for action-comedy and Spaghetti Western roles with his long-time film partner Terence Hill. The duo \"garnered world acclaim and attracted millions to theater seats\". Spencer and Hill appeared in, produced and directed over 20 films together.\nIn his youth, Bud Spencer was a successful athlete and swimmer for the Gruppo Sportivo Fiamme Oro. He obtained a law degree and registered several patents. Spencer also became a certified commercial airline and helicopter pilot, and supported and funded many children's charities, including the Spencer Scholarship Fund.\n\n", "Q96": "Mexico (Spanish: M\u00e9xico [\u02c8mexiko] (listen); Nahuatl languages: M\u0113xihco), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos, EUM [es\u02c8ta\u00f0os u\u02c8ni\u00f0oz mexi\u02c8kanos] (listen)), is a country in the southern portion of North America. Covering 1,972,550 square kilometers (761,610 sq mi), it is the 13th-largest country in the world. With approximately 128,649,565 inhabitants, Mexico is the 10th-most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking nation worldwide. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states, including Mexico City (CDMX), which is the capital city and its largest metropolis. Other major urban areas include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana, Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, and Le\u00f3n.Mexico is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico.The Pre-Columbian Mexico traces its origins to 8,000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization; it was home to many advanced Mesoamerican tribes, most notably the Mayans and the Aztecs. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in Mexico City, which then became known as New Spain. The Catholic Church played an important role as millions of indigenous inhabitants converted. These populations were heavily exploited to mine rich deposits of precious material, which became a major source of wealth for the Spanish. Mexico became an independent nation state after the successful Mexican War of Independence against Spain in 1821.The ineffective War of Texas Independence in 1836 and the Mexican\u2013American War led to huge territorial losses in Mexico's sparsely populated north, contiguous to the United States. The newly instituted reforms that granted protection to indigenous communities, and curtailed the power the military and the church, were enshrined in the Constitution of 1857. This triggered the War of the Reform and French intervention. Maximilian Habsburg was installed as emperor by France and Benito Ju\u00e1rez kept an opposing republican government in exile. The following decades were marked by instability and dictatorship of Porfirio D\u00edaz, who sought to modernize Mexico and restore order. The Porfiriato ended with the Mexican Revolution in 1910 and the winning Constitutionalist faction drafted a new 1917 Constitution. The revolutionary generals of the winning northern faction dominated the 1920s and served as presidents, but the 1928 assassination of Alvaro Obreg\u00f3n led to the formation of the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 1929, under which Mexico was a one-party state until 2000.Mexico is a developing country, ranking 76th on the Human Development Index, but is considered a newly industrialized state by several analysts. It has the world's 15th-largest economy by nominal GDP and the 11th-largest by PPP, with the United States being its largest economic partner. The large economy, area, population and politics make Mexico a regional power and a middle power, and is often identified as an emerging power. However, Mexico continues to struggle with social inequalities, poverty and extensive crime; the country ranks poorly on the Global Peace Index. Since 2006, the conflict between the government and drug trafficking syndicates lead to over 120,000 deaths.Due to its rich culture and history, Mexico ranks first in the Americas and 7th in the world for the number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Mexico is an ecologically megadiverse, ranking 5th in the world for its natural biodiversity. Mexico receives a significant number of tourists every year; in 2018, it was the 6th most-visited country in the world, with 39 million international arrivals. Mexico is a member of the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the G8+5, the G20, the Uniting for Consensus group of the UN, and the Pacific Alliance trade bloc.", "Q58287": "Hor Namhong (Khmer: \u17a0\u17c4 \u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u17a0\u17bb\u1784; born 15 November 1935) is a Cambodian diplomat who served in the government of Cambodia as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1990 to 1993 and again from 1998 to 2016. He is a member of the Cambodian People's Party and has been a Deputy Prime Minister since 2004. He served as Cambodia's foreign minister for a combined tenure of 20 years.", "Q31231": "Joseph Lee Green (born 1931) is an American science fiction author and a charter member of the Science Fiction Writers of America. He is a prolific short story author best known for his novel Gold the Man. His work has been translated into German, Italian, Spanish, French, Polish and Dutch.", "Q186273": "K\u014db\u014d Abe (\u5b89\u90e8 \u516c\u623f, Abe K\u014db\u014d), pen name of Kimifusa Abe (\u5b89\u90e8 \u516c\u623f, Abe Kimifusa, March 7, 1924 \u2013 January 22, 1993), was a Japanese writer, playwright, musician, photographer and inventor. Abe has been often compared to Franz Kafka and Alberto Moravia for his modernist sensibilities and his surreal, often nightmarish explorations of individuals in contemporary society.", "Q225212": "Harald III (Harald the Whetstone, Danish: Harald Hen; c.\u20091040 \u2013 April 17, 1080) was King of Denmark from 1076 to 1080. Harald III was an illegitimate son of Danish king Sweyn II Estridsson, and contested the crown with some of his brothers. He was a peaceful ruler who initiated a number of reforms. Harald was married to his cousin Margareta Hasbj\u00f6rnsdatter, but did not leave any heirs, and was succeeded by his brother Canute IV the Saint. Four of his half-brothers were in turn crowned Danish kings, with his youngest brother becoming the Danish king known as Harald IV (Harald the Young), Danish: Harald Olpe.", "Q96930": "Georg Joachim Zollikofer (5 August 1730 \u2013 22 January 1788) was a Swiss-German theologian who popularized Enlightenment theology, and published several books of sermons and hymns.\n\n", "Q483856": "The Turkey national football team (Turkish: T\u00fcrkiye Mill\u00ee Futbol Tak\u0131m\u0131) represents Turkey in men's international football and is controlled by the Turkish Football Federation, the governing body for football in Turkey. The team represents both FIFA and UEFA.\nTurkey has qualified three times for the FIFA World Cup, in 1950, 1954, and 2002, although they withdrew from the 1950 event. Turkey has also qualified five times for the UEFA European Championship, in 1996, 2000, 2008, 2016, and 2020. They have reached the semi-finals of three major tournaments: the 2002 World Cup, the 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup, and Euro 2008. After their third-place finish at the 2002 World Cup, which marked a high point in Turkish football history, Turkey occupied a spot in the top ten of the FIFA World Rankings for the first time since the rankings were introduced in December 1992.", "Q1934904": "Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy (\u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041d. \u0415. \u0416\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e) - is a higher military educational institution for training and retraining of engineers for the Russian Air Force. It is the world\u2019s largest and oldest scientific school of aeronautics. Formed on 23 November 1920.\nThe academy trains specialists - engineers, research engineers in the following specialties:\n\nTechnical maintenance of aircraft and engines\nRobotic aircraft armament system\nElectronics and automation of physical systems\nTechnical maintenance of aircraft electrical systems and flight control and navigation systems\nSoftware of computers and automated systems\nMetrology and metrological support\nTechnical operation of the transport of radio equipment\nElectronic warfare\nThe study of natural resources by means of aerospace", "Q90399": "Eduard Schlagintweit (23 March 1831 \u2013 1866) was the third of the five Schlagintweit brothers of Munich.", "Q430322": "Michel Creton (17 August 1942 in Wassy, Haute-Marne, France) is a French actor.\nHe came to international attention with the release of Un homme de trop (Shock Troops) by Costa Gavras in 1967. Since then, he played in many films, appeared on TV and on stage (for example in 1989 in Un fil \u00e0 la patte de Georges Feydeau in Th\u00e9\u00e2tre du Palais-Royal in Paris). While he was in cinema a supporting actor, as one of Bernard Fresson's friends in Max an the junkmen, and mostly rare in major roles like his thief in Nicholas Gessner's Le tuer triste, he was a leading man on TV: as Claude Jade's husband Fran\u00e7ois in Fou comme Fran\u00e7ois. For his second TV movie alongside to Claude Jade, Treize, who was the writer, too.", "Q273054": "Danielle Spera (born 10 August 1957, in Vienna) is an Austrian journalist, writer, and the current director of the Jewish Museum Vienna.", "Q572663": "Anthony Astley Cooper Rogers (February 14, 1821 \u2013 July 27, 1899) was an American politician. He served in the House of Representative from Arkansas.\nBorn in Clarksville, Tennessee, Rogers received a limited schooling. He engaged in mercantile pursuits.\nHe moved to Arkansas in 1854. An opponent of Secession, he was a candidate of supporters of the Union as a delegate to the State convention in 1861. He was arrested for his loyalty, imprisoned, and forced to give bond to answer the charge of \"treason against the Confederate Government.\"\nRogers was elected to the 38th United States Congress, but was not allowed to take his seat, his State not having been readmitted. In 1864, he moved to Chicago, Illinois, and engaged in the real estate business. He returned to Arkansas in 1868.\nRogers was elected as a Democrat to the 41st Congress, March 4, 1869, to March 3, 1871. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1870 to the 42nd Congress. He was postmaster at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, from January 7, 1881, to July 24, 1885, and again engaged in mercantile pursuits.\nIn 1888, he moved to Los Angeles, where he died the following year at the age of 78. He is interred in Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery.", "Q182015": "Thriller is a genre of fiction, having numerous, often overlapping subgenres. Thrillers are characterized and defined by the moods they elicit, giving viewers heightened feelings of suspense, excitement, surprise, anticipation and anxiety. Successful examples of thrillers are the films of Alfred Hitchcock.Thrillers generally keep the audience on the \"edge of their seats\" as the plot builds towards a climax. The cover-up of important information is a common element. Literary devices such as red herrings, plot twists, and cliffhangers are used extensively. A thriller is usually a villain-driven plot, whereby they present obstacles that the protagonist must overcome.", "Q3856734": "Michele Norsa (born August 12, 1948) is an Italian manager who has had various roles of high responsibility in the publishing and fashion industries. Since October 2, 2006, he has been the Managing and General Director of Salvatore Ferragamo Italia S.p.A.\n\n", "Q253384": "Loretta Young (born Gretchen Young; January 6, 1913 \u2013 August 12, 2000) was an American actress. Starting as a child actress, she had a long and varied career in film from 1917 to 1953. She won the 1948 Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the 1947 film The Farmer's Daughter, and received an Oscar nomination for her role in Come to the Stable in 1949. Young moved to the relatively new medium of television, where she had a dramatic anthology series, The Loretta Young Show, from 1953 to 1961. The series earned three Emmy Awards, and was re-run successfully on daytime TV and later in syndication. In the 1980s, Young returned to the small screen and won a Golden Globe for her role in Christmas Eve in 1986.", "Q63211": "Guido Knopp (born 29 January 1948 in Treysa, Hesse) is a German journalist and author. He is well known in Germany, mainly because he has produced a great number of TV documentaries, predominantly about the \"Third Reich\" and National Socialism, but also about other topics, such as Stalinism.", "Q984568": "Louis Charles Jean Robert de Mazade (19 March 1820, to Castelsarrasin, Tarn-et-Garonne \u2013 27 April 1893, Paris) was a French historian, journalist, and political editor of Revue des deux mondes. He was the third member elected to occupy seat 4 of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1882.", "Q542978": "Maru\u0161a Krese (13 April 1947 \u2013 7 January 2013) was a Slovene poet, writer and journalist. She lived and worked in Berlin. In 1997 she was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for her humanitarian efforts in the Bosnian War.\nKrese was born in Ljubljana in 1947. She studied literature and art history at the University of Ljubljana and psychodrama and Gestalt therapy in the United States in the early 1970s. She worked as a group therapist in Ljubljana and T\u00fcbingen and was a Slovene radio correspondent in Berlin in the early 1990s. Since 1992 she has been working as a freelance journalist and writer in Berlin. In 2008 she won the Fabula Award for best collection of short prose in Slovene published within the previous two years for her work Vsi moji bo\u017ei\u010di (All my Christmases).\n\n", "Q23635": "Bermuda () (in full, the Islands of Bermuda) is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is approximately 1,035.26 km (643 mi) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (with Cape Point on Hatteras Island being the nearest landfall); 1,236 km (768 mi) south of Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia; 1,759 km (1,093 mi) northeast of Cuba, and 1,538 km (956 mi) due north of the British Virgin Islands. Though it is typically referred to in the singular, Bermuda consists of 181 islands; the largest of these islands is known as Main Island. The capital city of Bermuda is Hamilton. Bermuda is internally self-governing, with its own constitution and cabinet of ministers selected from the elected Members of the lower house of a Parliament that enacts local laws. As the national government, the Government of the United Kingdom is ultimately responsible for ensuring good governance within British Overseas Territories, and retains responsibility for defence and foreign relations. As of July 2018, it has a population of 71,176, making it the most populous of the British overseas territories.Bermuda's largest economic sectors are offshore insurance, reinsurance, and tourism. Bermuda had one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century. Bermuda's climate is usually described as subtropical, primarily due to the chilly, but generally mild winter temperatures (unlike other areas designates as sub-tropical, summers are also quite mild, with temperatures not rising in most years above 86\u00b0 F (30\u00b0 C) during the hottest months of July and August although there are distinct seasons). It's climate is also oceanic, typical of oceanic islands and also of the western coasts of continents in the Northern Hemisphere (as mean wind direction in the Northern Hemisphere is from the west, hence from the ocean, ensuring relatively high humidity, which stabilises temperature, and acts as a source of heat), which also explains the moderate winters and summers of the British Isles and Wesetern Eurasia generally) and lies in the hurricane belt and thus is prone to related severe weather; however, it is somewhat protected by a coral reef and by its position at the north of the belt, which limits the direction and severity of approaching storms.", "Q1292911": "Edward C. Lumley, (born October 27, 1939) is a Canadian corporate executive and former politician.\nBorn in Windsor, Ontario, he received a Bachelor of Commerce degree in 1961 from Assumption University (predecessor of the University of Windsor). Lumley established himself in business in Cornwall in the other end of the province before entering politics. He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada as the Liberal Member of Parliament for Stormont\u2014Dundas in the 1974 federal election.\nIn 1976, he became parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Regional Economic Expansion. From 1977 to 1978, he served as parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Finance.\nLumley survived the 1979 election that defeated the Liberal government. The Liberals returned to power in the 1980 federal election and Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau appointed Lumley to the cabinet as Minister of State for Trade. After serving in a few other minor portfolios, he was promoted to Minister of Industry and Minister of Regional Economic Expansion in 1982.\nTrudeau's successor, John Turner, made Lumley his Minister of Communications and Minister of Regional Industrial Expansion in 1984. Lumley was defeated in the 1984 federal election that fall.\nFollowing his electoral defeat, Lumley returned to the private sector and became an influential corporate figure. He has served as vice-chairman of BMO Nesbitt Burns since 1991, lead director of Magna International, and a board member of Bell Canada Enterprises, Canadian National Railway and Air Canada.\nIn 2000, he was appointed to lead a commission examining salaries and compensation for Members of Parliament.\nA friend of the former prime minister, Paul Martin, he had been consulted by Martin's government on various issues.\nIn 2006, he was appointed Chancellor of the University of Windsor.\nOn July 1, 2014, he was appointed as a member of the Order of Canada.", "Q14099": "Evi Nemeth (born June 7, 1940 \u2013 missing-at-sea June or July, 2013) was an engineer, author, and teacher known for her expertise in computer system administration and networks. She was the lead author of the \"bibles\" of system administration: UNIX System Administration Handbook (1989, 1995, 2000), Linux Administration Handbook (2002, 2006), and UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook (2010). Evi Nemeth was known in technology circles as the matriarch of system administration.Nemeth was best known in mathematical circles for originally identifying inadequacies in the \"Diffie\u2013Hellman problem\", the basis for a large portion of modern network cryptography.", "Q65660": "Niederwil is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q116106": "Irma Rapuzzi (12 April 1910 \u2013 3 April 2018) was a French politician.\n\n", "Q65106": "Alexandra Maria Lara (n\u00e9e Pl\u0103t\u0103reanu; 12 November 1978) is a Romanian-German actress who has appeared in Downfall (2004), Control (2007), Youth Without Youth (2007), The Reader (2008), Rush (2013), and Geostorm (2017).", "Q764913": "Mikl\u00f3s V\u00e1mos originally Tibor V\u00e1mos, (born 29 January 1950 in Budapest) is a Hungarian writer, novelist, screenwriter, translator and talkshow host, who has published 33 books.", "Q128956": "James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx (11 March 1916 \u2013 24 May 1995) was a British Labour politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1976.\nEntering Parliament in 1945, Wilson was appointed a parliamentary secretary in the Attlee ministry and rose quickly through the ministerial ranks; he became Secretary for Overseas Trade in 1947 and was elevated to Cabinet shortly thereafter as President of the Board of Trade. In opposition to the next Conservative government, he served as Shadow Chancellor (1955\u20131961) and Shadow Foreign Secretary (1961\u20131963). After Labour Party leader Hugh Gaitskell died suddenly in 1963, Wilson won the subsequent leadership election. After narrowly winning the 1964 general election, Wilson saw an increased majority in a snap election in 1966.\nWilson's first period as Prime Minister coincided with a period of low unemployment and relative economic prosperity, though hindered by significant problems with Britain's external balance of payments. In 1969 he sent British troops to Northern Ireland. After losing the 1970 election to Edward Heath, he spent four years as Leader of the Opposition before the February 1974 election resulted in a hung parliament. After Heath's talks with the Liberals broke down, Wilson returned to power as leader of a minority government until another general election in October, resulting in a narrow Labour victory. A period of economic crisis had begun to hit most Western countries, and in 1976 Wilson suddenly announced his resignation as Prime Minister. Wilson's approach to socialism was moderate compared with others in his party at the time, emphasising programmes aimed at increasing opportunity in society through relatively indirect means rather than the more direct socialist goal of promoting wider public ownership of industry and workers' control of production. He took little action to pursue the Labour Party constitution's stated dedication to public ownership as a stepping stone towards this goal, though he did not formally disavow it. Himself a member of the party's soft left, Wilson joked about leading a cabinet made up mostly of social democrats, comparing himself to a Bolshevik revolutionary presiding over a Tsarist cabinet, but there was little to divide him ideologically from the social democratic cabinet majority.Overall, historians evaluate Wilson as having led his party through difficult political issues with considerable skill. Important issues of the time included the role of public ownership, membership of the European Economic Community, and involvement in the Vietnam War, in which he refused to allow the use of British combat troops, although he maintained an expensive military presence east of Suez. His stated ambition of substantially improving Britain's long-term economic performance, applying technology more democratically, and reducing inequality was largely unfulfilled. He seemed to some observers to lose his energy and drive in his second premiership and found it difficult to mediate disputes concerning European integration and trade union rights.\n\n", "Q275343": "Tara Lyn Subkoff (born December 10, 1972) is an American actress, conceptual artist, director, and fashion designer. Touted as an \"it girl\" of the late 1990s, Subkoff made her film debut in the thriller When the Bough Breaks (1994) opposite Martin Sheen, and has had supporting roles in As Good as It Gets (1997), The Last Days of Disco (1998), The Cell (2000), and The Notorious Bettie Page (2005). \nIn 2001, she co-founded an art collective-turned-fashion line, Imitation of Christ, which featured pieces hand-sewn solely from recycled vintage and thrift store clothing, and has since worked primarily as a conceptual artist. In 2015, she made her debut as a director with the horror film #Horror (2015), which was picked up for distribution by IFC Midnight.", "Q52972": "Johan Olof Ramstedt (7 November 1852 \u2013 15 March 1935) was Prime Minister of Sweden from April to August 1905.", "Q109998": "Miriam Staudte (born 4 November 1975 in Kiel) is a German politician for the Alliance '90/The Greens.\nShe was elected to the Landtag of Lower Saxony in 2008.\n\n", "Q263521": "Racquel Darrian (born July 21, 1968) is an American former pornographic actress.", "Q20749396": "Eric Joris (born 1955 in Antwerp, Belgium) is a Belgian multidisciplinary artist and stage director. In 1991 he founded CREW Eric Joris.\nHe is a multimedia artist with an initial education in filmmaking, covering many areas such as industrial design, graphic design, comics, visual arts, installation art and last but not least performance art. Under his direction CREW Eric Joris adamantly tries to make performances at the melting point between live art and digital media. Eric Joris has studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp) (BE) and the Brussels RITS Institute for Media and Film, languages, art history and economy at Sorbonne, (Paris), Cambridge University (United Kingdom), Heidelberg (Collegium Palatinum) and Tokyo (ETP fundings by European Government).Eric Joris develops intriguing methods for connecting state-of-the-art technology with artistic forms, often exploring and questioning the human senses, particularly our perception of sound, movement and space particularly. His company CREW Eric Joris generates live-art projects that can be described as immersive theatre, yet those projects move and shapeshift continuously, always operating on the borders between art and science, or beyond the limit of either.The works of Eric Joris are frequently co-produced and/or sponsored by pioneering institutes for technology, such as Fraunhofer Society and Max Planck Society. He has received eminent prizes and fellowships from the French and Flemish government, as well as from various foundations. CREW Eric Joris is participating in the prestigious program 2020 3D Media, which has secured the backing of the European Commission. CREW is also artistic partner in the EU-funded multidisciplinary research consortium Dreamspace, which develops tools that enable creative professionals to combine live performances, video and computer generated imagery in real time.He is a mentor of the Forecast Platform 2015-2016, an international platform that promotes emerging talents.\nEric Joris currently lives in Antwerp and works in Brussels.", "Q73764": "Christian Scriver (2 January 1629 \u2013 5 April 1693) was a German Lutheran minister and devotional writer.", "Q67711": "David Friedl\u00e4nder (sometimes spelled Friedlander; 16 December 1750, K\u00f6nigsberg \u2013 25 December 1834, Berlin) was a German banker, writer and communal leader.\n\n", "Q895471": "Bowls or lawn bowls is a sport in which the objective is to roll biased balls so that they stop close to a smaller ball called a \"jack\" or \"kitty\". It is played on a bowling green which may be flat (for \"flat-green bowls\") or convex or uneven (for \"crown green bowls\"). It is normally played outdoors (although there are many indoor venues) and the outdoor surface is either natural grass, artificial turf, or cotula (in New Zealand).", "Q2910": "Ludwigshafen am Rhein (German pronunciation: [\u02c8lu\u02d0tv\u026a\u00e7s\u02ccha\u02d0fn\u0329 \u0294am \u02c8\u0281a\u026a\u032fn] (listen)) is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the river Rhine, opposite Mannheim. With Mannheim, Heidelberg, and the surrounding region, it forms the Rhine Neckar Area.\nKnown primarily as an industrial city, Ludwigshafen is the home of chemical giant BASF and other companies. Among its cultural facilities are the Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz. It is the birthplace of the former German chancellor Helmut Kohl and the philosopher Ernst Bloch.\nThe city is a global city with 'sufficiency' status.", "Q697131": "Arnon Milchan (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e8\u05e0\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05e6'\u05df\u200e; December 6, 1944) is an Israeli billionaire businessman and film producer. He has been involved in over 130 full-length motion pictures and is the founder of production company Regency Enterprises. Regency's film credits include Oscar winners and nominees, as well as popular financial hits, including 12 Years a Slave, JFK, Heat, Fight Club, Mr. & Mrs. Smith, and many more. Milchan personally has earned two nominations for the Academy Award for Best Picture, for L.A. Confidential and The Revenant. He is an Israeli and American citizen and a resident of California.\nMilchan was an Israeli intelligence operative from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s.", "Q389852": "Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VGTU) is the leader in technological sciences in Lithuania. There are 10 faculties including Antanas Gustaitis Aviation Institute, Architecture, Business Management, Civil Engineering, Creative Industries, Electronics, Environmental Engineering, Fundamental Sciences, Mechanics, Transport Engineering. Scientific research and experimental development is performed by 13 institutes, 3 research centres and 23 research laboratories. The Creativity and Innovation Centre \u201cLinkMen\u0173 fabrikas\u201d is known as a modern experimentation and innovation hub, providing students with all the tools for practical learning, developing and implementing their ideas. \nVGTU is among the top 2,1% of the best universities in the world and is the best Baltic university in the subject area of Civil Engineering and Building Construction (QS Top 101-150). VGTU is the best university in Lithuania in the subject areas of Architecture / Built Environment (QS Top 101-150), Business & Management (QS Top 201-250) and Economics & Econometrics (QS Top 301\u2013350) according to \u201eQS World University Rankings bu Subject\u201c.", "Q747112": "Dag Nasty is an American punk rock band from Washington D.C., formed in 1985 by guitarist Brian Baker of Minor Threat, drummer Colin Sears and bassist Roger Marbury, both of Bloody Mannequin Orchestra, and vocalist Shawn Brown (later of Swiz and Jesuseater). Their style of less aggressive, melodic hardcore was influential to post-hardcore; their sound was partly influenced by The Faith and their 1983 EP Subject to Change. Brian Baker said in \u201cFilmage\u201d, the Descendents documentary, that he started Dag Nasty as a direct inspiration from the Descendents.", "Q3360332": "The King's School is a 13\u201318 mixed, independent, day and boarding school in Canterbury, Kent, England. It is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the Eton Group. It is Britain's oldest public school; and is arguably the oldest continuously operating school in the world, having been founded in 597 AD.", "Q909": "Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (; Spanish: [\u02c8bo\u027exes] (listen); 24 August 1899 \u2013 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator, and a key figure in Spanish-language and universal literature. His best-known books, Ficciones (Fictions) and El Aleph (The Aleph), published in the 1940s, are compilations of short stories interconnected by common themes, including dreams, labyrinths, philosophy, libraries, mirrors, fictional writers, and mythology. Borges' works have contributed to philosophical literature and the fantasy genre, and have been considered by some critics to mark the beginning of the magic realist movement in 20th century Latin American literature. His late poems converse with such cultural figures as Spinoza, Cam\u00f5es, and Virgil.\nBorn in Buenos Aires, Borges later moved with his family to Switzerland in 1914, where he studied at the Coll\u00e8ge de Gen\u00e8ve. The family travelled widely in Europe, including Spain. On his return to Argentina in 1921, Borges began publishing his poems and essays in surrealist literary journals. He also worked as a librarian and public lecturer. In 1955, he was appointed director of the National Public Library and professor of English Literature at the University of Buenos Aires. He became completely blind by the age of 55. Scholars have suggested that his progressive blindness helped him to create innovative literary symbols through imagination. By the 1960s, his work was translated and published widely in the United States and Europe. Borges himself was fluent in several languages.\nIn 1961, he came to international attention when he received the first Formentor prize (Prix International), which he shared with Samuel Beckett. In 1971, he won the Jerusalem Prize. His international reputation was consolidated in the 1960s, aided by his works being available in English, by the Latin American Boom and by the success of Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude. He dedicated his final work, The Conspirators, to the city of Geneva, Switzerland. Writer and essayist J. M. Coetzee said of him: \"He, more than anyone, renovated the language of fiction and thus opened the way to a remarkable generation of Spanish American novelists.\"", "Q4779433": "Apex Records was a Canadian record label owned by the Compo Company which lasted as late as 1980.\nCompo established the Apex label in July 1921 in Toronto. It released American recordings from Okeh Records and Gennett Records, among others. It also released recordings by Canadian artists for both the Anglophone and Francophone communities.\nAfter Compo began a distribution arrangement with Decca Records (USA) in 1935, the Apex name was dropped. Apex was revived in 1942 to market Canadian recordings. American Decca bought Compo in 1951. In 1952, Apex resumed issuing American recordings from the various independent American record companies which were established after World War II. Compo was renamed MCA Records (Canada) in 1970, retaining the Apex label for Francophone recordings for a few years before phasing out the label. MCA Canada formally abandoned the trademark in 1984.", "Q271125": "Liana Daine Liberato (born August 20, 1995) is an American actress. She played the younger version of the female lead in the 2014 film The Best of Me and starred in the 2010 films, Trust and The Last Sin Eater and in 2012, The Expatriate. In 2018, she began portraying the role of McKenna Brady in the Hulu thriller series Light as a Feather.", "Q3514830": "Anthony Francis Lucas (born Antun Lu\u010di\u0107; September 9, 1855 \u2013 September 2, 1921) was an American Croatian-born oil explorer. With Pattillo Higgins he organized the drilling of an oil well near Beaumont, Texas that became known as Spindletop. This led to the widespread exploitation of oil and the start of the petroleum age.", "Q860163": "Charles Garrett \"Garry\" Betty (March 4, 1957 \u2013 January 2, 2007) was President and CEO of EarthLink, a large American Internet service provider, from 1996 until his death. During his leadership of EarthLink, Betty grew the customer base from just under 100,000 members to over 5,000,000.", "Q1626070": "Homesick James (April 30, 1910 \u2013 December 13, 2006) was an American blues musician known for his mastery of the slide guitar. He recorded covers of \"Stones in My Passway\" and \"Homesick\". He worked with his cousin, Elmore James, and with Sonny Boy Williamson II. His birth name is variously reported as John William Henderson, James Williams, or James Williamson.", "Q615873": "Seattle University (SU) is a private Jesuit university in Seattle, Washington. SU is the largest independent university in the Northwest US, with over 7,500 students enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs within eight schools.", "Q173007": "Anthony Colin Bruce Chapman, (19 May 1928 \u2013 16 December 1982) was an influential English design engineer, inventor, and builder in the automotive industry, and founder of Lotus Cars.In 1952 he founded the sports car company Lotus Cars. Chapman initially ran Lotus in his spare time, assisted by a group of enthusiasts. His knowledge of the latest aeronautical engineering techniques would prove vital towards achieving the major automotive technical advances for which he is remembered. His design philosophy focused on cars with light weight and fine handling instead of bulking up on horsepower and spring rates, which he famously summarised as \"Adding power makes you faster on the straights. Subtracting weight makes you faster everywhere.\"Under his direction, Team Lotus won seven Formula One Constructors' titles, six Drivers' Championships, and the Indianapolis 500 in the United States, between 1962 and 1978. The production side of Lotus Cars has built tens of thousands of relatively affordable, cutting edge sports cars. Lotus is one of but a handful of English performance car builders still in business after the industrial decline of the 1970s.\nChapman suffered a fatal heart attack in 1982, aged 54.", "Q46734": "Constantine II (Latin: Flavius Claudius Constantinus Augustus; January/February 316 \u2013 340) was Roman Emperor from 337 to 340. Son of Constantine the Great and co-emperor alongside his brothers, his attempt to exert his perceived rights of primogeniture led to his death in a failed invasion of Italy in 340.", "Q78802": "Johann Amadeus Franz de Paula Freiherr von Thugut (24 May 1736 \u2013 28 May 1818) was an Austrian diplomat.", "Q740696": "Caesars is a Swedish indie rock band from Stockholm, formed in 1995. In their native country, the band was originally known as Caesars Palace, a name which was changed to avoid conflicting with the name of the Las Vegas hotel. In the rest of Scandinavia they are known as Twelve Caesars.", "Q924053": "Jerzy Urban (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u025b\u0290\u0268 \u02c8urban]) (born 3 August 1933 as Jerzy Urbach) is a Polish journalist, publicist, writer, politician and video blogger. From 1981 to 1989, he was a spokesman for the Council of Ministers. From April to September 1989, he was a minister without portfolio and chairman of the Polish Radio and Television. From 1990 is the editor-in-chief of the weekly NIE and the owner of the Urma publishing company.", "Q1392736": "Patrick Morgan (Pat) Mahoney, (January 20, 1929 \u2013 June 8, 2012) was a judge, politician, lawyer and businessman.\nMahoney was first elected to parliament in the 1968 election as the Liberal Member of Parliament for Calgary South. A Liberal in a province and city not known for electing Liberal politicians, Mahoney rode the wave of Trudeaumania to defeat Progressive Conservative incumbent Harold Raymond Ballard by 756 votes.In 1970, he became parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Finance. He held that position until January 1972 when he was promoted to the Cabinet of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau as a Minister of State.Mahoney's promotion was not enough for him to save his seat in the subsequent 1972 election, and he went down to defeat at the hands of Tory rival Peter Bawden, losing by more than 16,000 votes. In 2011, Mahoney joked that the Liberals \"will elect an MP in Calgary again before the Maple Leafs win the Stanley Cup.\"Subsequent to his defeat, Mahoney, a lawyer by training, was appointed to the Federal Court of Appeal.Mahoney joined the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League as an executive in 1955 and, in 1959, moved the Labour Day Classic match against the rival Edmonton Eskimos from Edmonton to Calgary where it has been played ever since. He briefly served as the team's general manager in 1965 and also served as president of the league's Western Football Conference.He retired to North Vancouver, British Columbia where he died at the age of 83.Mahoney was the last Liberal to be elected to the House of Commons of Canada from a Calgary-based riding until 2015.", "Q1346201": "Giangiacomo Feltrinelli (Italian: [d\u0292an\u02c8d\u0292a\u02d0komo feltri\u02c8n\u025blli]; 19 June 1926 \u2013 14 March 1972) was an influential Italian publisher and businessman active following the Second World War. He founded a vast library of documents mainly in the history of international labor and socialist movements. He became a terrorist and clandestine left-wing activist preceding Italy's Years of Lead. \nFeltrinelli is perhaps most famous for his decision to translate and publish Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago in the West after the manuscript was smuggled out of the Soviet Union in the late 1950s. He died violently under mysterious circumstances in 1972.", "Q491507": "The Eyalet of Egypt operated as an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire from 1517 to 1867. It originated as a result of the conquest of Mamluk Egypt by the Ottomans in 1517, following the Ottoman\u2013Mamluk War (1516\u20131517) and the absorption of Syria into the Empire in 1516. The Ottomans administered Egypt as an eyalet of the their Empire (Ottoman Turkish: \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u200e\u200e Ey\u0101let-i M\u0131\u1e63r) from 1517 until 1867, with an interruption during the French occupation of 1798 to 1801.\nEgypt always proved a difficult province for the Ottoman Sultans to control, due in part to the continuing power and influence of the Mamluks, the Egyptian military caste who had ruled the country for centuries. As such, Egypt remained semi-autonomous under the Mamluks until Napoleon Bonaparte's French forces invaded in 1798. After Anglo-Turkish forces expelled the French in 1801, Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian military commander of the Ottoman army in Egypt, seized power in 1805.\nEgypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty remained nominally an Ottoman province. Constantinople granted Egypt the status of an autonomous vassal state or Khedivate in 1867. Isma'il Pasha (Khedive from 1863 to 1879) and Tewfik Pasha (Khedive from 1879 to 1892) governed Egypt as a quasi-independent state under Ottoman suzerainty until the British occupation of 1882. Nevertheless, the Khedivate of Egypt (1867\u20131914) remained a de jure Ottoman province until 5 November 1914, when it was declared a British protectorate in reaction to the Young Turks of the Ottoman Empire joining the First World War on the side of the Central Powers (October-November 1914).", "Q40345": "Joliet () is a city in Will and Kendall counties in the U.S. state of Illinois, 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Chicago. It is the county seat of Will County and a major part of the southwest Chicago metropolitan area. At the 2010 census, the city was the fourth largest in Illinois, with a population of 147,433. A population estimate in 2018 put Joliet's population at 150,495, which would make it the 3rd largest city in Illinois if accurate.", "Q94672": "Julius Anton Glaser (born Joshua Glaser 19 March 1831 \u2013 26 December 1885) was an Austrian jurist and classical-liberal politician. Along with Joseph Unger he is considered to be one of the founders of modern Austrian jurisprudence.\nHe joined the Auersperg cabinet as Minister of Justice in 1871. Upon resigning this office in 1879, he was appointed attorney-general at the Vienna Court of Cassation, a position he held until his death. Glaser was a prominent representative of Austrian High Liberalism, with a particular emphasis on the cultural and political preeminence of the German part of the Empire. He was responsible for several liberal penal law reforms, most notably the 1873 Austrian Code of Criminal Procedure, and he advocated the abolition of the death penalty.", "Q60095": "Otto von Guericke ( GAIR-ik-\u0259, also US: GWAIR-, -\u2060kee, German: [\u02c8\u0294\u0254to f\u0254n \u02c8\u0261e\u02d0\u0281\u026ak\u0259]; spelled Gericke until 1666; November 20, 1602 \u2013 May 11, 1686 [Julian calendar]; November 30, 1602 \u2013 May 21, 1686 [Gregorian calendar]) was a German scientist, inventor, and politician. His major scientific achievements were the establishment of the physics of vacuums, the discovery of an experimental method for clearly demonstrating electrostatic repulsion, and his advocacy for the reality of \"action at a distance\" and of \"absolute space\".\nHe was also a very spiritual man in the Dionysiac tradition, as were many scientists of the Enlightenment, and connected the vacuum of space to an infinite divinity. Von Guericke described this duality \"as something that \u2018contains all things\u2019 and is \u2018more precious than gold...more joyous that the perception of bountiful light\u2019 and \u2018comparable to the heavens\u2019.\"", "Q380123": "Kim Hee-chul (born July 10, 1983), better known by the mononym Heechul, is a South Korean singer, songwriter, actor and presenter. He is a member of South Korean boy group Super Junior and has further participated in its subgroup, Super Junior-T as well as project group Universe Cowards with Min Kyung-hoon.\nHe is also a former member of Kim Heechul & Kim Jungmo.Prior to his debut in Super Junior, Heechul began his acting career in 2005, starring in the second season of teen drama Sharp 2. Subsequently, this led him to host his first music show Show! Music Tank, appear on advertisements, and host radio shows. However, in 2006, just a year after his Super Junior debut, Heechul was involved in a car accident which fractured his left leg. The accident left him unable to perform Super Junior's strenuous dances and instead focus on contributing as a singer-only to the group. In 2009, Heechul ventured into the soundtrack singing career by releasing his first single \"First Star\", as part of the soundtrack for his drama Loving You a Thousand Times. He also participated in writing the lyrics for not only his band but also for his project groups and other artists. In 2019, Heechul debuted as solo singer by releasing his digital single, \"Old Movie\".In 2010, Heechul became a regular cast member in Radio Star, where his popularity skyrocketed and he won Best Newcomer Award at the 11th MBC Entertainment Awards. Following that, he made a breakthrough in his television host career after appearing on Knowing Bros and Weekly Idol. In 2019, He recognized for his role in the reality shows and received the \"Excellence Award\" at the 13th SBS Entertainment Awards, his first major award as an entertainer.", "Q896193": "Isra\u00ebl Chaim \"Ischa\" Meijer (14 February 1943 \u2013 14 February 1995) was a Dutch journalist, television presenter, radio presenter, critic and author. He survived the Nazi concentration camp Bergen Belsen along with his parents.", "Q1056914": "Cesare Romiti (born 24 June 1923) is an Italian economist, businessman and former executive of both state-owned firms and private companies, including Fiat and Alitalia. His nickname was Il Duro or the tough guy when he was serving as the head of Fiat.", "Q52999": "Newmarket (2016 population 84,224) is a town and regional seat of the Regional Municipality of York in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is part of Greater Toronto in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario.\nThe town was formed as one of many farming communities in the area, but also developed an industrial centre on the Northern Railway of Canada's mainline, which was built in 1853 through what would become the downtown area.It also became a thriving market town with the arrival of the Metropolitan Street Railway in 1899. Over time, the town developed into a primarily residential area, and the expansion of Ontario Highway 400 to the west and the construction of Ontario Highway 404 to the east increasingly turned it into a bedroom town since the 1980s. The province's Official Plan, however, includes growth in the business services and knowledge industries, as well as in the administrative, manufacturing and retail sectors.\nSome of Newmarket's most noticeable landmarks are the Upper Canada Mall, Southlake Regional Health Centre, the Main Street Heritage Conservation District, the Fairy Lake Conservation Area, as well as many other parks and recreation areas.", "Q331298": "John Horgan (born 1953) is an American science journalist best known for his 1996 book The End of Science. He has written for many publications, including National Geographic, Scientific American, The New York Times, Time, Newsweek, and IEEE Spectrum. His awards include two Science Journalism Awards from the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the National Association of Science Writers Science-in-Society Award. His articles have been included in the 2005, 2006 and 2007 editions of The Best American Science and Nature Writing. Since 2010 he has written the \"Cross-check\" blog for ScientificAmerican.com.Horgan graduated from the Columbia University School of Journalism in 1983. Between 1986 and 1997 he was a senior writer at Scientific American.\n\n", "Q504078": "Christopher Young (born April 28, 1958) is an American composer and orchestrator of film and television scores.Many of his compositions are for horror and thriller films, including Rapid Fire, Hellraiser, Species, Urban Legend, The Grudge, The Exorcism of Emily Rose, Drag Me to Hell, Sinister, Deliver Us from Evil and Pet Sematary. Other works include Copycat, Set It Off, Entrapment, The Hurricane, Swordfish, Ghost Rider, Spider-Man 3 and The Shipping News, for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score.\nYoung was honored with the prestigious Richard Kirk award at the 2008 BMI Film and TV Awards. The award is given annually to a composer who has made significant contributions to film and television music.", "Q1259453": "The University of Santiago, Chile (Usach) (Spanish: Universidad de Santiago de Chile) is one of the oldest public universities in Chile. The institution was born as Escuela de Artes y Oficios (Spanish: School of Arts and Crafts) in 1849, under the government of Manuel Bulnes. It became Universidad T\u00e9cnica del Estado (Spanish: Technical University of the State) in 1947, with various campuses throughout the country. In 1981, as a consequence of a reform on higher education under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, it became what is now known as Universidad de Santiago de Chile, with all activities centered in a single 340,000 m\u00b2 campus in the capital Santiago.", "Q1518898": "Pierre-Andr\u00e9 de Chalendar (born 12 April 1958) is a French businessman. He is Chairman and CEO of Saint-Gobain Group since 3 June 2010 and CEO since June 2007.", "Q212333": "Night Falls on Manhattan is a 1996 American crime drama film directed by Sidney Lumet, set and filmed on location in New York City. Its screenplay is by Lumet, based on a novel by Robert Daley entitled Tainted Evidence.\nThe film centers on a newly elected district attorney played by Andy Garc\u00eda, who is eager to stamp out corruption within the New York City Police Department. Ian Holm, James Gandolfini, Lena Olin, Ron Leibman and Richard Dreyfuss star in principal supporting roles.\nA joint collective effort to commit to the film's production was made by the studios of Paramount Pictures and Spelling Films. It was commercially distributed by Paramount Pictures theatrically, and by Paramount Home Entertainment for home media. Night Falls on Manhattan explores criminal law, political corruption, and the repercussions of violence. Following its cinematic release, it failed to garner any awards from mainstream organizations for its lead acting or production merits.\nNight Falls on Manhattan premiered in U.S. theaters on May 16, 1997 grossing $9,889,670 in domestic ticket receipts. The film saw its widest release in 758 theaters nationwide. Preceding its theatrical run, the film was generally met with mixed to positive critical reviews before its initial screening in cinemas. The Region 1 Code widescreen edition with special features was released on DVD in the United States on November 17, 1998.", "Q126990": "Corny Collins (born 1933) is a former German stage, film and television actress. She was married to the actor Christian Wolff.\n\n", "Q316627": "Jason Edward Mewes (born June 12, 1974) is an American television and film actor, film producer and internet radio show host. He is best known for playing Jay, the vocal half of the duo Jay and Silent Bob, in longtime friend Kevin Smith's films.", "Q242504": "Lindsay Vere Duncan, (born 7 November 1950) is a British actress. On stage, she has won two Olivier Awards, a Tony Award for her performance in Private Lives and a Tony Award nomination for her role in Les Liaisons Dangereuses. Duncan has starred in several plays by Harold Pinter. Her best known roles on television include: Barbara Douglas in Alan Bleasdale's G.B.H. (1991), Servilia of the Junii in the HBO/BBC/RAI series Rome (2005\u20132007), Adelaide Brooke in the Doctor Who special \"The Waters of Mars\" (2009) and Lady Smallwood in the BBC series Sherlock. On film, she portrayed Anthea Lahr in Prick Up Your Ears (1987), voiced the android TC-14 in Star Wars: Episode I \u2013 The Phantom Menace (1999) and Alice's mother in Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland (2010), and played the acerbic theatre critic Tabitha Dickinson in Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014).\nShe was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2009 Birthday Honours for services to drama.", "Q3314458": "Miloud Chaabi (Arabic:\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a; September 15, 1930 \u2013 April 16, 2016) was a Moroccan businessman and politician who had an estimated net worth of $800 million in 2015. He was the founder of Ynna Holding and the owner of the Riad Mogador hotel chain and group of supermarkets Aswak Assalam in Morocco. He was known for his strong stance against alcohol which is banned from both his hotel chain and supermarkets. His daughter, Asma Cha\u00e2bi has been mayor of the city of Essaouira from 2003 to 2009, and was the first woman to hold such a position in Morocco. His son, Mohcine, is a current member of the House of Representatives, while his late son Mohamed and his other son Faouzi, held the same positions in the past. He was also the parliamentary representative of Essaouira after winning the elections in 2011, until he resigned on December 8, 2014 due to his declining health. His seat in the parliament was taken by his daughter Asma, who was second on the electoral list.In 2011, his fortune was estimated by Forbes Magazine at some $3 billion which made him the sixth richest man in Africa at the time, and the wealthiest person in Morocco.Cha\u00e2bi was also known for his philanthropic and charity work and donated 10% of his fortune to build the first American university in Morocco in conjunction with the University of Maryland, College Park. He was the operator of one of the largest charity organisations in Morocco, the Miloud Cha\u00e2bi Foundation.", "Q121027": "Hans Adolf Pestalozzi (February 7, 1929 \u2013 July 14, 2004) was a Swiss social critic of late 20th century capitalism, which eventually led to his becoming a bestselling author (Nach uns die Zukunft, Auf die B\u00e4ume ihr Affen).", "Q86276": "Hans Folz (c. 1437 \u2013 January 1513) was a German author of the late medieval or early Renaissance period.\nFolz was born in Worms. He was made a citizen of the city of Nuremberg, Germany in 1459 and master barber of the city in 1486. Folz was a reformer of the meistersangs, adding 27 new tones to those that had been allowed by the twelve \"Alten Meister\" (old masters) up to that point. His Meisterlieder (a type of song), of which he wrote about a thousand, were mostly devoted to religious questions. He also wrote twelve Fastnachtsspiele (short plays that made light of people in medieval society, for instance farmers, priests, and the bourgeoisie) in the same style as Hans Rosenpl\u00fct, but with more subtle language.\nFolz has been labelled as an anti-semite by Andrew Gow, who called him \"a thorough-going Jew-hater\" for his work Ein Spil von dem Herzogen von Burgund (A Story of the Dukes of Burgund).[1]According to Albert Wimmer's Anthology of Medieval German Literature, \"Folz's plays were trendsetters in the development of moderately dramatic plays (so-called \u00abHandlungsspiele\u00bb)\".[2].\nHis name was adapted by Richard Wagner for the coppersmith \"Hans Foltz,\" one of the Mastersingers portrayed in the opera Die Meistersinger von N\u00fcrnberg.", "Q317539": "Jonathan Gregory Brandis (April 13, 1976 \u2013 November 12, 2003) was an American actor. Beginning his career as a child model, Brandis moved on to acting in commercials and subsequently won television and film roles. Brandis made his acting debut in 1982 as Kevin Buchanan on the ABC soap opera One Life to Live. In 1990, he portrayed Bill Denbrough in Stephen King's supernatural horror miniseries It. Also in 1990, he starred as Bastian Bux in The NeverEnding Story II: The Next Chapter. In 1993, at the age of 17, he was cast in the role of Lucas Wolenczak, a teen prodigy on the NBC series seaQuest DSV. The character was popular among teenage viewers, and Brandis regularly appeared in teen magazines.", "Q193695": "The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time, it is the most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's fantasy novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Directed primarily by Victor Fleming (who left the production to take over the troubled Gone with the Wind), the film stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale alongside Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, and Bert Lahr.\nCharacterized by its use of Technicolor, fantasy storytelling, musical score, and memorable characters, the film has become an American pop culture icon. It was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, but lost to Gone with the Wind, also directed by Fleming. It did win in two other categories: Best Original Song for \"Over the Rainbow\" and Best Original Score by Herbert Stothart. While the film was considered a critical success upon release in August 1939, it failed to make a profit for MGM until the 1949 re-release, earning only $3,017,000 on a $2,777,000 budget, not including promotional costs, which made it MGM's most expensive production at that time.The 1956 television broadcast premiere of the film on the CBS network reintroduced the film to the public; according to the Library of Congress, it is the most seen film in movie history. It was among the first 25 films that inaugurated the National Film Registry list in 1989. It is also one of the few films on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The film is among the top ten in the BFI (British Film Institute) list of 50 films to be seen by the age of 14.\nThe Wizard of Oz is the source of many quotes referenced in contemporary popular culture. Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson, and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay, but others made uncredited contributions. The songs were written by Edgar \"Yip\" Harburg (lyrics) and Harold Arlen (music). The musical score and the incidental music were composed by Stothart.\n\n", "Q734117": "Nicol\u00e1s Su\u00e1rez Calla\u00fa (1851 in Portachuelo \u2013 1940 in Cachuela Esperanza) set up a multinational rubber empire in South America at the beginning of the 20th century.\nAttracted by the rubber boom, Nicolas Su\u00e1rez with his six brothers crossed the Andes at the end of the 19th century and founded Cachuela Esperanza at the rapids of R\u00edo Beni as a headquarters for the rubber export.During the heyday of the rubber boom, his empire had branches at Acre, Manaus, Bel\u00e9m, and London, and Nicol\u00e1s Su\u00e1rez Calla\u00fa owned 80,000 square kilometres of land in the Bolivian Beni and Pando departments, 50,000 heads of cattle and 6 steamboats.", "Q9676": "The Isle of Man (Manx: Mannin [\u02c8man\u026an\u02b2], also Manx: Ellan Vannin [\u02c8\u025bl\u02b2an \u02c8van\u026an\u02b2]), also known as Mann , is a self-governing British Crown dependency situated in the Irish Sea between Great Britain and Ireland. The head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, holds the title of Lord of Mann and is represented by a lieutenant governor. The United Kingdom has responsibility for the island's defence.\nHumans have lived on the island since before 6500 BC. Gaelic cultural influence began in the 5th century AD, and the Manx language, a branch of the Gaelic languages, emerged. In 627 King Edwin of Northumbria conquered the Isle of Man along with most of Mercia. In the 9th century Norsemen established the thalassocratic Kingdom of the Isles, which included the Isle of Man. Magnus III, King of Norway from 1093 to 1103, reigned also as King of Mann and the Isles between 1099 and 1103.In 1266 the island became part of Scotland under the Treaty of Perth, after being ruled by Norway. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the island came under the feudal lordship of the English Crown in 1399. The lordship revested into the British Crown in 1765, but the island never became part of the 18th-century kingdom of Great Britain, nor of its successors, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the present-day United Kingdom. It has always retained its internal self-government.\nIn 1881 the Isle of Man parliament, Tynwald, became the first national legislative body in the world to give women the right to vote in a general election, although this excluded married women. In 2016 UNESCO awarded the Isle of Man biosphere reserve status.Insurance and online gambling each generate 17% of the GNP, followed by information and communications technology and banking with 9% each. Internationally, the Isle of Man is known for the Isle of Man TT (Tourist Trophy) motorcycle races and for the Manx cat, a breed of cat with short or no tails.\nThe inhabitants (Manx) are considered a Celtic nation.", "Q106498": "Hakk\u0131 Keskin (born 12 February 1943 in Ma\u00e7ka, Trabzon, Turkey) is a Turkish-German politician with the Left Party (die Linkspartei), formerly of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and a professor of Political Science. He was the first person of Turkish descent to become a member of a German parliament (the B\u00fcrgerschaft in Hamburg) and is seen as one of the prominent leaders of the country's Turkish community.", "Q42552": "Maria Wis\u0142awa Anna Szymborska (Polish: [vi\u02c8swava \u0282\u0268m\u02c8b\u0254rska]; 2 July 1923 \u2013 1 February 2012) was a Polish poet, essayist, translator and recipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Prowent, which has since become part of K\u00f3rnik, she later resided in Krak\u00f3w until the end of her life. In Poland, Szymborska's books have reached sales rivaling prominent prose authors: although she once remarked in a poem, \"Some Like Poetry\" (\"Niekt\u00f3rzy lubi\u0105 poezj\u0119\"), that no more than two out of a thousand people care for the art.Szymborska was awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature \"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality\". She became better known internationally as a result of this. Her work has been translated into English and many European languages, as well as into Arabic, Hebrew, Japanese, Persian and Chinese.\n\n", "Q287880": "\u00c9ric Bellocq (born 8 September 1962) is a French lutenist.", "Q130894": "Jo In-sung (Korean: \uc870\uc778\uc131; born July 28, 1981) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his leading roles in the television series What Happened in Bali (2004), That Winter, the Wind Blows (2013), and It's Okay, That's Love (2014), as well as the films The Classic (2003), A Dirty Carnival (2006), A Frozen Flower (2008), The King (2017) and The Great Battle (2018).", "Q281229": "Mark Reeves Bacon (February 29, 1852 \u2013 August 20, 1941) was a lawyer and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.\nBacon was born in Phillipstown, Illinois and attended the public schools there. He taught school at the Academy in Bolivar, Missouri in 1871. He studied law, was admitted to the bar on July 4, 1876, and commenced practice in Fairfield, Illinois. He was the city attorney of Fairfield and a delegate to several State conventions.He moved to Orlando, Florida, in 1882 and to Jacksonville, Florida, in 1886 and engaged in the abstract business. He moved to Wyandotte, Michigan, in 1895 and became associated with the Michigan Alkali Company through his marriage to Mary Ford, the granddaughter of founder Jean-Baptiste Ford (and the daughter of Edward Ford, founder of Edward Ford Plate Glass Company, subsequently part of Libbey-Owens Ford Glass and the Pilkington).\nBacon presented credentials as a Republican Member-elect from Michigan's 2nd congressional district to the United States House of Representatives for the Sixty-fifth Congress. He served from March 4 until December 13, 1917, when he was succeeded by Democrat Samuel W. Beakes, who successfully contested the election. On Apr 5, 1917, he was one of the 50 representatives who voted against declaring war on Germany. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1918, retiring to Wyandotte, Michigan.\nHe died at his winter home in Pasadena, California, aged 89, and is interred at San Gabriel Cemetery, San Gabriel, California.", "Q170268": "Hanna is a 2011 American action thriller film directed by Joe Wright. The film stars Saoirse Ronan as the title character, a girl raised in the wilderness of northern Finland by her father, an ex-CIA operative (Eric Bana), who trains her as an assassin. Cate Blanchett portrays a senior CIA agent who tries to track down and eliminate the girl and her father. The soundtrack was written by The Chemical Brothers.\nHanna was released in North America in April 2011 and in Europe in May 2011. The film received a positive response from most critics, with reviewers praising the performances of Ronan and Blanchett as well as the action sequences and themes.\n\n", "Q55990": "Carlo Minnaja worked on a vocabulary of Esperanto, and is a member of the Akademio de Esperanto.", "Q44645": "Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, FRS (German: Reichsgraf von Rumford; March 26, 1753 \u2013 August 21, 1814) was an American-born British physicist and inventor whose challenges to established physical theory were part of the 19th-century revolution in thermodynamics. He served as lieutenant-colonel of the King's American Dragoons, part of the British Loyalist forces, during the American Revolutionary War. After the end of the war he moved to London, where his administrative talents were recognized when he was appointed a full colonel, and in 1784 he received a knighthood from King George III. A prolific designer, Thompson also drew designs for warships. He later moved to Bavaria and entered government service there, being appointed Bavarian Army Minister and re-organizing the army, and, in 1791, was made a Count of the Holy Roman Empire.", "Q5407283": "Pekka Puska (born 18 December 1945 in Vaasa) is a Finnish physician, docent and politician. Puska held the position of Director General of the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland in 2009\u20132013. THL was formed following the merger of National Public Health Institute of Finland (KTL), and the National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health (STAKES). Dr. Puska headed KTL from 2003 to 2009. Puska is a Member of Parliament (Eduskunta) since 2017 and was previously a Member of Parliament in 1987\u20131991. Puska is a Docent for University of Helsinki and University of Eastern Finland.\nDr. Puska is considered to have had a significant influence on Finnish public health research and practice for several decades. He spearheaded the North Karelia Project (as Director and Principal Investigator) for preventing cardiovascular disease 1972\u20131977, during which time, cardiovascular disease mortality fell by 80 per cent. Puska worked as a director for NCD prevention and health promotion at the World Health Organization (WHO) Headquarters in 2001\u20132003. In 2006 he was the Finnish candidate for the Director-General post of WHO. From 2010 to 2013 he was Chancellor of the University of Turku. He also currently holds the position of President of World Heart Federation (WHF) and that of Vice-President of the International Association of Public Health Institutes (IANPHI).", "Q1249126": "Joel McFee Pritchard (May 5, 1925 \u2013 October 9, 1997) was an American Republican politician from Washington. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives and as the 14th Lieutenant Governor of Washington.\nPritchard was born in Seattle, Washington to Frank, Sr. and Jean Pritchard on May 5, 1925. He attended public schools as a child and attended Marietta College from 1946 to 1947. At the rank of Sergeant, he served in the United States Army from 1944 to 1946 and was president of the Griffin Envelope Company in Seattle from 1948 to 1971. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1956 that renominated Dwight D. Eisenhower for the presidency. \nHe was elected to the Washington House of Representatives representing Washington's thirty-sixth district in 1958, where he served from 1959 to 1967, being reelected in 1960, 1962 and 1964. In the state house, he worked closely with future U.S. Senators Daniel J. Evans and Slade Gorton. \nIn 1966, he was elected to the Washington State Senate, where he served a single term from 1967 to 1971. In 1970 Pritchard, a member of Washington Citizens for Abortion Reform (WCAR), introduced a bill allowing abortions in the first four months of pregnancy; it was approved and went to the voters as Referendum 20. The measure was approved statewide by voters in November 1970, making Washington the first state to in which abortion was legalized by a popular vote.In 1970, Pritchard ran for the U.S. House of Representatives to represent Washington's first district, challenging nine-term incumbent Thomas Pelly in the Republican primary. Pelly was renominated, but by a smaller margin than anyone expected.In 1972, Pelly retired and Pritchard ran for the U.S. House of Representatives again, this time successfully, defeating opponents John Hempleman and Craig Honts in a closely contested election. He was easily reelected in 1974, 1976, 1978, 1980 and 1982, serving from 1973 to 1985. He chose not to run for reelection in 1984. \nIn 1988, he made a successful run for Lieutenant Governor of Washington, becoming president of the Washington Senate. He was reelected in 1992 and served from 1989 to 1997.\nAfter the end of his second term as Lieutenant Governor, Pritchard went into retirement and became a board member of TVW, Washington's public affairs network. He died on October 9, 1997 in Olympia, Washington, of lymphoma.Along with a few of his friends, Pritchard invented the game of pickleball at his summer home on Bainbridge Island in 1965.", "Q436960": "Inga Nielsen (2 June 1946 \u2013 10 February 2008) was a Danish soprano who had an active international opera career from 1971 to 2006. A child prodigy, Nielsen performed on American radio during the 1950s, beginning at the age of six, and also released some commercial recordings of Danish folk songs and Christmas carols as a child. She began her opera career performing parts in the lyric soprano repertory and then became an admired singer of dramatic soprano roles, beginning in the late 1980s. She was a particularly renowned interpreter of the roles of Konstanze in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Die Entf\u00fchrung aus dem Serail and the title role in Richard Strauss's Salome. She excelled in portraying some of the more rarely heard and demanding dramatic soprano roles such as the woman in Arnold Schoenberg's Erwartung, Ursula in Mathis der Maler and Jenny in Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny.", "Q127330": "Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 \u2013 December 4, 1993) was an American multi-instrumentalist musician, composer, and bandleader. His work is characterized by nonconformity, free-form improvisation, sound experiments, musical virtuosity, and satire of American culture. In a career spanning more than 30 years, Zappa composed rock, pop, jazz, jazz fusion, orchestral and musique concr\u00e8te works, and produced almost all of the 60-plus albums that he released with his band the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. Zappa also directed feature-length films and music videos, and designed album covers. He is considered one of the most innovative and stylistically diverse rock musicians of his era.As a self-taught composer and performer, Zappa's diverse musical influences led him to create music that was sometimes difficult to categorize. While in his teens, he acquired a taste for 20th-century classical modernism, African-American rhythm and blues, and doo-wop music. He began writing classical music in high school, while at the same time playing drums in rhythm and blues bands, later switching to electric guitar. His 1966 debut album with the Mothers of Invention, Freak Out!, combined songs in conventional rock and roll format with collective improvisations and studio-generated sound collages. He continued this eclectic and experimental approach, irrespective of whether the fundamental format was rock, jazz or classical.\nZappa's output is unified by a conceptual continuity he termed \"Project/Object\", with numerous musical phrases, ideas, and characters reappearing across his albums. His lyrics reflected his iconoclastic views of established social and political processes, structures and movements, often humorously so, and he has been described as the \"godfather\" of comedy rock. He was a strident critic of mainstream education and organized religion, and a forthright and passionate advocate for freedom of speech, self-education, political participation and the abolition of censorship. Unlike many other rock musicians of his generation, he personally disapproved of drugs, but supported their decriminalization and regulation.\nDuring Zappa's lifetime, he was a highly productive and prolific artist with a controversial critical standing; supporters of his music admired its compositional complexity, while critics found it lacking emotional depth. He had some commercial success, particularly in Europe, and worked as an independent artist for most of his career. He remains a major influence on musicians and composers. His honors include his 1995 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the 1997 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2000, he was ranked number 36 on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him at number 71 on its list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\", and in 2011 at number 22 on its list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\".", "Q213993": "Friedrich von Matthisson (23 January 1761 \u2013 12 March 1831) was a German poet, an early member of the German Romantic movement. His best known poem is probably Adelaide, which was set to music by Beethoven.", "Q422915": "Sedef Avci (born 22 January 1982) is a Turkish model and actress. Her maternal family emigrated from Sarajevo. Her paternal family is from Erzincan. She won Elite Model Look Turkey in 1997. She represented Turkey at Miss Universe contestant in 2001.\nShe is married to model and actor K\u0131van\u00e7 Kasabal\u0131.", "Q13595531": "Joel Coen (born November 29, 1954) and Ethan Coen (born September 21, 1957), collectively referred to as the Coen brothers (), are American filmmakers. Their films span many genres and styles, which they frequently subvert or parody. Their most acclaimed works include Miller's Crossing (1990), Barton Fink (1991), Fargo (1996), The Big Lebowski (1998), O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), No Country for Old Men (2007), Burn After Reading (2008), True Grit (2010), Inside Llewyn Davis (2013), and The Ballad of Buster Scruggs (2018).\nThe brothers write, direct and produce their films jointly, although until The Ladykillers (2004) Joel received sole credit for directing and Ethan for producing. They often alternate top billing for their screenplays while sharing editing credits under the alias Roderick Jaynes. They have been nominated for 13 Academy Awards together, and individually for one award each, winning Best Original Screenplay for Fargo and Best Picture, Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay for No Country for Old Men. The duo also won the Palme d'Or for Barton Fink (1991).\nThe Coens have written a number of films they did not direct, including the biographical war drama Unbroken (2014), the historical legal thriller Bridge of Spies (2015), and lesser-known, commercially unsuccessful comedies such as Crimewave (1985), The Naked Man (1998) and Gambit (2012). Ethan is also a writer of short stories, theater and poetry.\nKnown for many distinctive stylistic trademarks including genre hybridity, the brothers' films No Country for Old Men, A Serious Man and Inside Llewyn Davis have been ranked in the BBC's 2016 poll of the greatest motion pictures since 2000.", "Q248029": "Jiro Horikoshi (\u5800\u8d8a \u4e8c\u90ce, Horikoshi Jir\u014d, 22 June 1903 \u2013 11 January 1982) was the chief engineer of many Japanese fighter designs of World War II, including the Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter.\n\n", "Q240475": "Kashan (Persian: \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200e; also romanized as K\u0101sh\u0101n) is a city in the northern part of Isfahan province, Iran. At the 2017 census, its population was 396,987 in 90,828 families.Some etymologists argue that the city name comes from the Kasian, the original inhabitants of the city, whose remains are found at Tapeh Sialk dating back 9,000 years; later this was changed to \"Kashian\", hence the town name. Between the 12th and the 14th centuries Kashan was an important centre for the production of high quality pottery and tiles. In modern Persian, the word for a tile (kashi) comes from the name of the town.\nKashan is divided into two parts, mountainous and desert. In the west side, Kashan is cited in the neighbourhood of two of highest peaks of Karkas chain, Mount Gargash to the southwest of Kashan (the home of Iran national observatory, the largest astronomical telescope of Iran) and Mount Ardehaal in the west of Kashan, also known as \"Damavand of Kashan\" and the highest peak of Ardehaal mountains (end part of Karkas chain in central Iran).\nIn the east side of the city Kashan opens up to the central desert of Iran which the city is famous for. Kashan is also known for Maranjab Desert and Caravanserai located near the namak lake (or salt lake). Today Maranjab and the surrounding Shifting Sands is a popular destination at the weekends for safaris.\nOn August 9, 2007 Iran placed the Historical Axis of Fin, Sialk, Kashan on its Tentative List for possible future nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The exact definition of what locations within Kashan proper might be nominated was not made clear. In 2012 Iran successfully nominated the Fin Garden separately for inscription by UNESCO as a part of its Persian Gardens World Heritage Site. Despite this the \"Historical-Cultural Axis of Fin, Sialk, Kashan\" remains in full on Iran's Tentative List", "Q123156": "J\u00f6rg Blech (born 1966) is a German science journalist and nonfiction author.\nHe is known primarily as a critic of the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. His books cover such subjects as the healthcare industry's alleged invention of diseases to generate sales and medical treatments that turned out to harm people.\nHe studied biology and biochemistry in Germany and Britain. In addition to his books, which have been translated into English, French, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Finnish, Hungarian, Polish, Chinese and Korean, he writes for the German publication Der Spiegel. His book, Inventing Disease and Pushing Pills : Pharmaceutical Companies and the Medicalisation of Normal Life, was reviewed by several journals.", "Q173761": "The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (Lithuanian SSR; Lithuanian: Lietuvos Taryb\u0173 Socialistin\u0117 Respublika; Russian: \u041b\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, Litovskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also known as Soviet Lithuania or Lithuania, was one of the constituent republics of the USSR between 1940\u20131941 and 1944\u20131990. After 1946, its territory and borders mirrored those of today's Republic of Lithuania, with the exception of minor adjustments of the border with Belarus.\nDuring World War II, the previously independent Republic of Lithuania was occupied by the Soviet army on 16 June 1940, in conformity with the terms of the 23 August 1939 Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact, and established as a puppet state on 21 July. Between 1941 and 1944, the German invasion of the Soviet Union caused its de facto dissolution. However, with the retreat of the Germans in 1944\u20131945, Soviet hegemony was re-established and continued for forty-five years. As a result, many western countries continued to recognize Lithuania as an independent, sovereign de jure state subject to international law, represented by the legations appointed by the pre-1940 Baltic states, which functioned in various places through the Lithuanian Diplomatic Service.\nOn 18 May 1989, the Lithuanian SSR declared itself to be a sovereign state, though still part of the USSR. On 11 March 1990, the Republic of Lithuania was re-established as an independent state. Considered illegal by the Soviet authorities, the country was recognized by western powers immediately prior to the breakup of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union itself recognized Lithuanian independence on 6 September 1991.", "Q46052": "Anders Fogh Rasmussen (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0251n\u0250s \u02c8f\u0254w \u02c8\u0281\u0251smusn\u0329] (listen); born 26 January 1953) is a Danish politician who was the 24th Prime Minister of Denmark from November 2001 to April 2009 and the 12th Secretary General of NATO from August 2009 to October 2014. He is now CEO of political consultancy Rasmussen Global and a senior advisor at The Boston Consulting Group's Copenhagen office.Rasmussen was first elected to the Folketing in 1978 and served in various ministerial positions, including Minister of Tax (1987\u20131992) and Minister of Economic Affairs (1990\u20131992). In his early career, Rasmussen was a strident critic of the welfare state, writing the classical liberal book From Social State to Minimal State in 1993. However, his views moved towards the political centre through the 1990s. He was elected the leader of the conservative-liberal party Venstre in 1998 and headed a centre-right coalition with the Conservative People's Party which took office in November 2001 and won its second and third terms in February 2005 and in November 2007. Rasmussen's government relied on the Danish People's Party for support, keeping with the Danish tradition of minority government.\nHis government introduced tougher limits on non-EEA immigration and a freeze on tax rates (skattestoppet in Danish). Certain taxes were lowered, but his coalition partners in the Conservative People's Party repeatedly argued for more tax cuts and a flat tax rate at no higher than 50%. Rasmussen's government implemented an administrative reform reducing the number of municipalities (kommuner) and replacing the thirteen counties (amter) with five regions which he referred to as \"the biggest reform in thirty years\". He authored several books about taxation and government structure. He resigned as Prime Minister in April 2009 to become Secretary General of NATO. His term as Secretary General was to end in the summer of 2014, but the North Atlantic Council extended his term on 11 December 2013 until 30 September 2014 in order to ensure the organisation of the 2014 NATO summit in Newport, United Kingdom.", "Q837985": "Middle High German (abbreviated MHG, German: Mittelhochdeutsch, abbr. Mhd.) is the term for the form of German spoken in the High Middle Ages. It is conventionally dated between 1050 and 1350, developing from Old High German and into Early New High German. High German is defined as those varieties of German which were affected by the Second Sound Shift; the Middle Low German and Middle Dutch languages spoken to the North and North West, which did not participate in this sound change, are not part of MHG.\nWhile there is no standard MHG, the prestige of the Hohenstaufen court gave rise in the late 12th century to a supra-regional literary language (mittelhochdeutsche Dichtersprache) based on Swabian, an Alemannic dialect. This historical interpretation is complicated by the tendency of modern editions of MHG texts to use normalised spellings based on this variety (usually called \"Classical MHG\"), which make the written language appear more consistent than is actually the case in the manuscripts. Scholars are uncertain as to whether the literary language reflected a supra-regional spoken language of the courts.\nAn important development in this period was the Ostsiedlung, the eastward expansion of German settlement beyond the Elbe-Saale line which marked the limit of Old High German. This process started in the 11th century, and all the East Central German dialects are a result of this expansion.\n\"Judeo-German\", the precursor of the Yiddish language, sees attestation in the 12th\u201313th centuries, as a variety of Middle High German written in Hebrew characters.", "Q443327": "John Ronald Simm (born 10 July 1970) is an English actor, director and musician. He has been nominated twice for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor, and is a Laurence Olivier Award nominee for best actor. He is best known for playing Sam Tyler in Life on Mars, and The Master in Doctor Who. His other television credits include: State of Play, The Lakes, Crime and Punishment, Exile, Prey and Cracker.\nHis films include Wonderland, Everyday, Boston Kickout, Human Traffic and 24 Hour Party People.", "Q737378": "George Becali (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0361\u0292e\u032ford\u0361\u0292e be\u02c8kali]; born 25 June 1958) is a Romanian politician and businessman, mostly known for his ownership of the FCSB football club.\nHe was a Member of the European Parliament between June 2009 and December 2012 and a Member of the Romanian Parliament since December 2012 up until his conviction in May 2013.", "Q313039": "John Burke Krasinski (; born October 20, 1979) is an American actor and filmmaker. He is the recipient of a number of accolades, including four Primetime Emmy Award nominations and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. He was named by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2018.Krasinski first became known for his role as Jim Halpert on the NBC sitcom The Office (2005\u20132013), on which he also served as a producer and occasional director. He later directed and starred in the drama film Brief Interviews with Hideous Men (2009) and the comedy-drama film The Hollars (2016). He co-wrote, directed, and starred in the critically and commercially successful horror film A Quiet Place (2018), and portrays the title character in the Amazon thriller series Jack Ryan (2018\u2013present), on which he is also a producer. For his role in the latter, he was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series.\nKrasinski has also appeared in films such as License to Wed (2007), Leatherheads (2008), Away We Go (2009), It's Complicated (2009), Something Borrowed (2011), Big Miracle (2012), Promised Land (2012), Aloha (2015), and 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi (2016). He has performed voice-over work for documentaries and animated films such as Shrek the Third (2007) and Monsters University (2013). He established a production company, Sunday Night Productions, in 2013. He is married to English actress Emily Blunt, with whom he has two daughters.", "Q1091287": "Chuo University (\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b66, Ch\u016b\u014d Daigaku), commonly referred to as Chuo (\u4e2d\u592e) or Chu-Dai (\u4e2d\u5927), is a private flagship research university in Tokyo, Japan. Founded in 1885 as Igirisu H\u014dritsu Gakk\u014d (the English Law School), Chuo is one of the oldest and most prestigious institutions in the country. The university operates four campuses in Tokyo: the largest in Hachi\u014dji (Tama campus), one in Bunky\u014d (Korakuen campus), and two others in Shinjuku (Ichigaya and Ichigaya-Tamachi campuses). Chuo is organized into six faculties, ten graduate schools, and nine research institutes. There are also four affiliated high schools and two affiliated junior high schools.", "Q21262026": "Jina Valentine (born November 9, 1979 in Berwyn, Pennsylvania) is a contemporary American visual artist whose work is informed by the techniques and strategies of American folk artists. She uses a variety of media to weave histories\u2014including drawing, papermaking, found-object collage, and radical archiving.", "Q19597369": "A gram-negative bacterial infection is a disease caused by gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli.This class is defined morphologically (by the presence of a bacterial outer membrane), and not histologically (by a pink appearance when stained, though the two usually coincide.\nOne reason for this division is that the outer membrane is of major clinical significance: it can play a role in the reduced effectiveness of certain antibiotics, and it is the source of endotoxin.The gram status of some organisms is complex or disputed:\n\nMycoplasma are sometimes considered gram-negative, but because of its lack of a cell wall and unusual membrane composition, it is sometimes considered separately from other gram-negative bacteria.\nGardnerella is often considered gram-negative, but it is classified in MeSH as both gram-positive and gram-negative. It has some traits of gram-positive bacteria, but has a gram-negative appearance. It has been described as a \"gram-variable rod\".", "Q69": "Courrendlin (Franc-Comtois: Co\u00e9rrendl\u00efn) is a municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Rebeuvelier and Vellerat merged into the municipality of Courrendlin.", "Q46046": "Baroque pop (sometimes called baroque rock) is a fusion genre that combines rock music with particular elements of classical music. It emerged in the mid 1960s as artists pursued a majestic, orchestral sound and is identifiable for its appropriation of Baroque compositional styles (contrapuntal melodies and functional harmony patterns) and dramatic or melancholic gestures. Harpsichords figure prominently, while oboes, French horns, and string quartets are also common.Although harpsichords had been deployed for a number of pop hits since the 1940s, starting in the 1960s, some record producers increasingly placed the instrument in the foreground of their arrangements. Inspired partly by the Beatles' song \"In My Life\" (1965), various groups were incorporating baroque and classical instrumentation by early 1966. The term \"baroque rock\" was coined in promotional material for the Left Banke, who used harpsichords and violins in their arrangements and whose 1966 song \"Walk Away Ren\u00e9e\" exemplified the style.Baroque pop's mainstream popularity faded by the 1970s, partially because punk rock, disco and hard rock took over; nonetheless, music was still produced within the genre's tradition. Philadelphia soul in the 1970s and chamber pop in the 1990s both incorporated the spirit of baroque pop while the latter contested much of the time's low fidelity musical aesthetic.", "Q187192": "\u00c9ric Alfred Leslie Satie (UK: , US: , French: [e\u0281ik sati]; 17 May 1866 \u2013 1 July 1925), who signed his name Erik Satie after 1884, was a French composer and pianist. Satie was an influential artist in the late 19th- and early 20th-century Parisian avant-garde. His work was a precursor to later artistic movements such as minimalism, repetitive music, and the Theatre of the Absurd.An eccentric, Satie was introduced as a \"gymnopedist\" in 1887, shortly before writing his most famous compositions, the Gymnop\u00e9dies. Later, he also referred to himself as a \"phonometrician\" (meaning \"someone who measures sounds\"), preferring this designation to that of \"musician\", after having been called \"a clumsy but subtle technician\" in a book on contemporary French composers published in 1911.In addition to his body of music, Satie left a set of writings, having contributed work for a range of publications from the dadaist 391 to the American culture chronicle Vanity Fair. Although in later life he prided himself on publishing his work under his own name, in the late 19th century he appears to have used pseudonyms such as Virginie Lebeau and Fran\u00e7ois de Paule in some of his published writings.", "Q1791962": "Sushanta Kumar Bhattacharyya, Baron Bhattacharyya, (6 June 1940 \u2013 1 March 2019) was a British-Indian engineer, educator and government advisor. In 1980, he became Professor of Manufacturing Systems at the University of Warwick and founded the Warwick Manufacturing Group. In 2004 he was made a Life Peer and became a member of the House of Lords.", "Q260969": "Julius \"Jules\" Dassin (December 18, 1911 \u2013 March 31, 2008) was an American film director, producer, writer and actor. He was a subject of the Hollywood blacklist in the McCarthy era, and subsequently moved to France, where he revived his career.", "Q4795302": "Arnold Weinstock, Baron Weinstock, OMRI, (29 July 1924 \u2013 23 July 2002) was an English industrialist and businessman known for making General Electric Company one of Britain's most profitable companies. The City criticized Weinstock for his financial caution but after he retired as managing director in 1996, under his successor a series of ill-judged acquisitions led to catastrophic losses.", "Q310524": "Robert Benedict Browder (born December 11, 1962) is an American actor, writer and film director, known for his roles as John Crichton in Farscape and Cameron Mitchell in Stargate SG-1.", "Q13709": "Le Canard encha\u00een\u00e9 (French pronunciation: \u200b[l\u0259 kana\u0281\u203f\u0251\u0303\u0283\u025bne]; English: The Chained Duck or The Chained Paper, as \"canard\" is French slang meaning \"newspaper\"), is a satirical weekly newspaper in France. Its headquarters is in Paris.Founded in 1915 during World War I, it features investigative journalism and leaks from sources inside the French government, the French political world and the French business world, as well as many jokes and humorous cartoons. Le Canard encha\u00een\u00e9 does not accept any advertisements and is privately owned, mostly by its own employees.", "Q327388": "George Michael Decker Hahn (November 24, 1830 \u2013 March 15, 1886), was an attorney, politician, publisher and planter in New Orleans, Louisiana. He served twice in Congress during two widely separated periods, elected first as a Unionist Democratic Congressman in 1862, as a Republican US Senator in 1865, and later as a Republican Congressman in 1884. He was elected as the 19th Governor of Louisiana, serving from 1864 to 1865 during the American Civil War, when the state was occupied by Union troops. He was the first German-born governor in the United States, and is also claimed as the first ethnic Jewish governor. By that time he was a practicing Episcopalian.In 1865 Hahn was elected as a US Senator, but Radical Republicans refused to allow him and other Southerners to be seated. Later he was elected for several terms as a Republican to the state House during the Reconstruction era, where he was also elected as Speaker. Hahn was active as a publisher and editor, owning and operating three newspapers in succession that supported the Republican Party, its program, and its candidates in the state. He spent much of his wealth in supporting these papers. Hahn continued to be politically active, being elected to Congress from Louisiana's 2nd congressional district in 1884 with a strong majority. He served about a year before his death in office.", "Q6237": "Lecco (US: , Italian: [\u02c8lekko], locally [\u02c8l\u025bkko] (listen); Lecchese: L\u00e8cch [\u02c8l\u025bk]) is a city of 48,131 inhabitants in Lombardy, northern Italy, 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Milan, the capital of the province of Lecco. It lies at the end of the south-eastern branch of Lake Como (the branch named Lake of Lecco / Lago di Lecco). The Bergamo Alps rise to the north and east, cut through by the Valsassina of which Lecco marks the southern end.\nThe lake narrows to form the river Adda, so bridges were built to improve road communications with Como and Milan. There are four bridges crossing the river Adda in Lecco: the Azzone Visconti Bridge (1336\u20131338), the Kennedy Bridge (1956) and the Alessandro Manzoni Bridge (1985) and a railroad bridge.\nIts economy used to be based on industry (iron manufacturers), but now it is mainly tertiary.\nLecco was also Alpine Town of the Year 2013.", "Q1558": "Kansas (listen) is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita, with its most populated county and largest employment center being Johnson County. Kansas is bordered by Nebraska on the north; Missouri on the east; Oklahoma on the south; and Colorado on the west. Kansas is named after the Kansas River, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native Americans who lived along its banks. The tribe's name (natively kk\u0105:ze) is often said to mean \"people of the (south) wind\" although this was probably not the term's original meaning. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes. Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison.\nKansas was first settled by Americans in 1827 with the establishment of Fort Leavenworth. The pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the slavery debate. When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854 with the Kansas\u2013Nebraska Act, abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine whether Kansas would become a free state or a slave state. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided, and was known as Bleeding Kansas. The abolitionists prevailed, and on January 29, 1861, Kansas entered the Union as a free state, hence the unofficial nickname \"The Free State\".\nBy 2015, Kansas was one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, corn, sorghum, and soybeans. Kansas, which has an area of 82,278 square miles (213,100 square kilometers) is the 15th-largest state by area and is the 34th most-populous of the 50 states with a population of 2,913,314. Residents of Kansas are called Kansans. Mount Sunflower is Kansas's highest point at 4,039 feet (1,231 meters).", "Q1390653": "Kjetil Saunes (born 22 October 1962 in Ulsteinvik, Norway) is a Norwegian musician (bass), composer and songwriter raised in, and still residing in, Oslo. He is known from a series of album releases and collaborations with musicians like Bj\u00f8rn Eidsv\u00e5g, Ketil Bj\u00f8rnstad, Kjetil Bjerkestrand, Eivind Aarset, Morten Harket and Unni Wilhelmsen.", "Q979432": "Raja Ram (born Ronald Rothfield, 18 December 1940) is an Australian-born musician and the owner of the United Kingdom record label Tip World. He was a founding member of the psychedelic rock band Quintessence in the late 1960s and early 1970s, playing at the first two Glastonbury Fayres in 1970 and 1971. He later found success in the psychedelic trance scene and continues to headline at large events worldwide.", "Q1779574": "Harry Fett (8 September 1875 \u2013 13 September 1962) was a Norwegian art historian and factory owner. He headed the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage from 1913 to 1946.", "Q1386031": "Prof Alexander Wilson (1714 \u2013 16 October 1786) was a Scottish surgeon, type-founder, astronomer, mathematician and meteorologist. He was the first scientist to use of kites in meteorological investigations.His son Patrick Wilson succeeded him as Regius Professor of Practical Astronomy at Glasgow University, in 1784.\n\n", "Q7244940": "Princeton Cemetery is located in Princeton, New Jersey. It is owned by the Nassau Presbyterian Church. John F. Hageman in his 1878 history of Princeton, New Jersey refers to the cemetery as: \"The Westminster Abbey of the United States.\"\n\n", "Q127324": "Andr\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois le Breton (2 September 1708 \u2013 5 October 1779) was a French publisher. He was one of the four publishers of the Encyclop\u00e9die of Diderot and d'Alembert, along with Michel-Antoine David, Laurent Durand, and Antoine-Claude Briasson. Le Breton contributed some articles to the Encyclop\u00e9die (see External links, below), but acted primarily as publisher and editor, often against Diderot's will.\nIn 1745, le Breton set out to publish a translation of Ephraim Chambers' Cyclopaedia of 1728. He initially chose Jean Paul de Gua de Malves as his editor, but he tired of the job after two years, and in 1747, the editorship went to Diderot. For a more detailed account, see Encyclop\u00e9die.\nWith the assistance of his foreman Louis-Claude Brull\u00e9, Le Breton would occasionally censor articles in order to make them less radical, frequently drawing the ire of Diderot. For example, le Breton did not included a portion of Diderot's article \"Menance\" that indirectly attacked Joly de Fleury, the French police commissioner. Le Breton also censored Diderot by changing certain words to distort the meaning of the article. Diderot wrote le Breton a furious letter, in 1764, accusing him of having \"massacred\" the work and reduced it to a \"hodge-podge of insipid clippings\". According to Friedrich Melchior Grimm, writing in 1777, \"The entire extent of the injury done by this unexampled, murderous, and infamous depredation will never be known, since the perpetrators of the crime burned the manuscript as soon as it was printed and left the evil without remedy.\" This claim has proved not to be true for, unknown to Grimm, le Breton had kept copies of the page proofs. This collection of final proofs totaled 318 pages. The collection of proofs is known as the \"18th volume\" of the Enclyop\u00e9die.In the 20th century, these proofs were used to reveal the extent of le Breton's censorship, which was most prominent in the articles \"Sarrasins ou Arabes\" and \"Pyrrhoniene philosophie.\" In addition, le Breton excluded three of Diderot's articles titled, \"Sectes du Christianisme\" and \"Tol\u00e9rance\" as well as the subarticle \"Th\u00e9ologie Scholastique\". In the latter case, le Breton edited Diderot's original article to be less favorable towards Pierre Bayle, a 17th-century philosopher whose views were deemed unacceptable. Bayle's views were deemed unacceptable because he was critical of the Church and its use of violence.\n\n", "Q660546": "Frauenfeld District is one of the five districts of the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland. It has a population of 68,334 (as of 31 December 2018). Its capital, and the capital of Thurgau, is the city of Frauenfeld.\nThe district shares borders with canton Zurich and canton Schaffhausen as well a river border with the German enclave of B\u00fcsingen am Hochrhein.\nThe district contains the following municipalities:", "Q116847": "Francis Matthey (born 17 July 1942 in Le Locle, Canton of Neuch\u00e2tel) is Swiss politician of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SPS/PSS), best known for declining the election to the Swiss Federal Council on 3 March 1993. Matthey was elected instead of the official candidate of his party, Christiane Brunner. To follow the resolution of the party to enable the election of woman to the Federal Council, he declined the office. Ruth Dreifuss was finally elected to succeed Ren\u00e9 Felber.\nMatthey was mayor of the city of La Chaux-de-Fonds (1980-1988), member of the Swiss National Council (1987-1995) and member of the Conseil d'Etat of the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel (1988-2001).", "Q128771": "Steve Coll (born October 8, 1958) is an American journalist, academic and executive. He is currently the dean of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, where he is also the Henry R. Luce Professor of Journalism. A staff writer for The New Yorker, he served as the president and CEO of the New America think tank from 2007 to 2012.\nHe is the recipient of two Pulitzer Prize awards, two Overseas Press Club Awards, a PEN American Center John Kenneth Galbraith Award, an Arthur Ross Book Award, a Livingston Award, a Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award, a Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award, and the Lionel Gelber Prize. From 2012 to 2013, he was a voting member of the Pulitzer Prize Board before continuing to serve in an ex officio capacity as the dean of the Columbia Journalism School.", "Q1381038": "The V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian: \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0412. \u0412. \u0412\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0420\u0410\u041d) is the language regulator of the Russian language. It is based in Moscow and it is part of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was founded in 1944 and is named after Viktor Vinogradov . Its activities include assessment of speech innovations in comparison to speech norms and codification of the language in Russian literature. Their output from these endeavors has included dictionaries, monographs, computer collections and databases, as well as a large historical Russian music library. They also provide a reference service of the Russian language. The Institute publishes thirteen academic journals. In addition, the Institute published 22 scholarly books in 2013 and 27 in 2012, with many more in previous years.", "Q441242": "Michael Alan Gothard (24 June 1939 \u2013 2 December 1992) was an English actor, who portrayed Kai in the television series Arthur of the Britons and the mysterious villain Emile Leopold Locque in the 1981 James Bond film For Your Eyes Only.", "Q127442": "Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko ( cher-NENK-oh; Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, IPA: [k\u0259nst\u0250n\u02b2\u02c8t\u02b2in \u028as\u02b2\u02c8t\u02b2in\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 t\u0255\u026ar\u02c8n\u02b2\u025bnk\u0259], 24 September 1911 \u2013 10 March 1985) was a Soviet politician and the fifth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He led the Soviet Union from 13 February 1984 until his death on 10 March 1985.\nBorn to a poor family from Siberia, Chernenko joined Komsomol (the Communist Party's youth league) in 1929 and became a full member of the party in 1931. After holding a series of propaganda posts, in 1948 he became the head of the propaganda department in Moldavia, serving under Leonid Brezhnev. After Brezhnev took over as First Secretary of the CPSU in 1964, Chernenko rose to head the General Department of the Central Committee, responsible for setting the agenda for the Politburo and drafting Central Committee decrees. In 1971 Chernenko became a full member of the Central Committee, and in 1978 he was made a full member of the Politburo.\nAfter the death of Brezhnev and his successor Yuri Andropov, Chernenko was elected General Secretary in February 1984 and made Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in April 1984. Due to his rapidly failing health, he was often unable to fulfill his official duties. He died in March 1985 after leading the country for only 13 months, and was succeeded as General Secretary by Mikhail Gorbachev.", "Q3972669": "Stefano Quintarelli (born 14 June 1965) is an Italian IT specialist.\n\nand a descendant of the Italian writer Emilio Salgari. He was a member of the Italian Parliament in the XVII legislature, as part of the Civics and Innovators group.\nHe was a member of telecommunications and transport commission in Italian Parliament during the XVII Legislature and is President of AGID (Government agency for digital Italy)An Italian Internet pioneer and serial entrepreneur, he is a founder of I.Net, the first Italian business ISP that was listed on the Italian Stock Exchange and sold to British Telecom in 2000.\nQuintarelli was recognized by Corriere della Sera as one of the thirty most innovative Italian entrepreneurs.After leaving BT group in 2007, until July 2012 he was a managing director of the digital area of Il Sole 24 Ore group, the leading Italian financial newspaperHe is a founder and he was director of CLUSIT (Italian association of internet and IT security) and he was president of AIIP, the Italian internet provider association.\nA former professor of computer security, author of several articles and books on Internet and its impacts on society and the economy, and curator of scientific seminars on technology for the italian financial community.\nIn 2015 he formally defined the concept of Device Neutrality and proposed a bill to enforce it in Italy. The bill was stopped at the final vote at the Senate in 2017, after many successful votes at the Chamber of Deputies and through all Senate committees, thanks to lobbying efforts by some multinational device manufacturers and telecom operators\n. The law has since gained formal support at the European Commission by BEUC, the European Consumer Organisation, the Electronic Frontier Foundation and the Hermes Center for Transparency and digital human rights. A law with identic principles has been passed in South Korea and the French telecoms regulator ARCEP has called for the introduction of Device Neutrality in Europe..\nHe theorized the Internet as a dimension of existence, in which social and economic relations are created and developed and the emergence of a new class conflict between intermediaries and intermediated that surrounds and dominates the traditional conflict between capitalists and proletarians, thus introducing in addition to the traditional categories of capital and labor, the information category which is controlled by a small number of info-plutocrats.\nSince 2014 he is the chairman of AgID, Italy's digital agency\n. He has been recognized as ont of the 30 most innovative entrepreneurs in Italy and is considered one of the world's 100 most influential people in digital government.\nHe sits in the Board of trustees of Nexa Center for Internet and Society, is a member of the Leadership Council of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network for the United Nations and is a member of the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence of the European Commission.", "Q90400": "Sybille Binder (5 January 1895 \u2013 30 June 1962) was an Austrian actress of Jewish descent whose career of over 40 years was based variously in her home country, Germany and Britain, where she found success in films during the 1940s.", "Q44137": "Jeffrey Nero Hardy (born August 31, 1977) is an American professional wrestler and musician. He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the SmackDown brand.\nHardy is best known for his work in his multiple runs with WWE. He also worked for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), Ring of Honor (ROH), and several companies on the independent circuit. Before gaining prominence in the WWE, Hardy, along with his real life brother Matt Hardy, ran and performed for the Organization of Modern Extreme Grappling Arts (OMEGA). The Hardy Boyz worked as enhancement talents for the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from 1994, and were signed to full-time contracts in 1998. They gained notoriety in the tag team division, partly due to their participation in Tables, Ladders and Chairs matches. With the addition of Lita, the team became known as Team Xtreme and continued to rise in popularity. Alongside Matt, he has held twelve world tag team championships between WWE, TNA and ROH.\nHardy has had success as a singles wrestler, capturing his first of six world championships, the WWE Championship in 2008 and going on to hold WWE's World Heavyweight Championship twice and the TNA World Heavyweight Championship three times. He has also won the WWE Intercontinental Championship four times, the WWE Hardcore Championship three times and the WWE European, Light Heavyweight, and United States Championships once each. He is the 18th Triple Crown Champion and 9th Grand Slam Champion in WWE history (one of five men to complete both WWE Grand Slam formats, and one of two to win all original Grand Slam titles).\nHardy is involved in motocross, music, painting and other artistic endeavors. He is currently a member of the band PeroxWhy?Gen, with whom he has released three studio albums and three extended plays. In 2003, Hardy, along with his brother Matt, co-wrote an autobiographical book of memoirs titled The Hardy Boyz. Their book was a New York Times best seller.", "Q350666": "James Dalton Trumbo (December 9, 1905 \u2013 September 10, 1976) was an American screenwriter and novelist who scripted many award-winning films including Roman Holiday (1953), Exodus, Spartacus (both 1960), and Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944). One of the Hollywood Ten, he refused to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1947 during the committee's investigation of Communist influences in the motion picture industry.Trumbo, the other members of the Hollywood Ten, and hundreds of other professionals in the industry were blacklisted by Hollywood. He was, however, able to continue working clandestinely on major films, writing under other authors' names or pseudonyms. His uncredited work won two Academy Awards for Best Story: for Roman Holiday (1953), which was presented to a front writer, and for The Brave One (1956) which was awarded to a pseudonym used by Trumbo. When he was given public screen credit for both Exodus and Spartacus in 1960, it marked the beginning of the end of the Hollywood Blacklist for Trumbo and other affected screenwriters. He finally was given full credit by the Writers' Guild for all his achievements, the work of which encompassed six decades of screenwriting.", "Q918966": "Nahum Sokolow (Nahum ben Joseph Samuel Sokolow, Hebrew: \u05e0\u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d8' \u05e1\u05d5\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d1 Nachum ben Yosef Shmuel Soqolov, Yiddish: \u05e1\u05d0\u05b8\u05e7\u05d0\u05b8\u05dc\u05d0\u05b8\u05d5\u05d5\u200e, 10 January 1859 \u2013 17 May 1936) was a Zionist leader, author, translator, and a pioneer of Hebrew journalism.", "Q45229": "Zachary David Alexander Efron (; born October 18, 1987) is an American actor and singer. He began acting professionally in the early 2000s and rose to prominence in the late 2000s for his leading role as Troy Bolton in the High School Musical trilogy (2006\u20132008). During this time, he also starred in the musical film Hairspray (2007) and the comedy film 17 Again (2009). Efron has since starred in the films New Year's Eve (2011), The Lucky One (2012), The Paperboy (2012), Neighbors (2014), Dirty Grandpa (2016), Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising (2016), Baywatch (2017), The Greatest Showman (2017), and Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile (2019).", "Q484678": "Berkeley ( BURK-lee) is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California. It is named after the 18th-century Irish bishop and philosopher George Berkeley. It borders the cities of Oakland and Emeryville to the south and the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington to the north. Its eastern border with Contra Costa County generally follows the ridge of the Berkeley Hills. The 2010 census recorded a population of 112,580.\nBerkeley is home to the oldest campus in the University of California system, the University of California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is managed and operated by the University. It also has the Graduate Theological Union, one of the largest religious studies institutions in the world. Berkeley is considered one of the most socially liberal cities in the United States.", "Q299314": "Daniel Louis Aiello Jr. (; June 20, 1933 \u2013 December 12, 2019) was an American actor who was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Salvatore \"Sal\" Frangione in the Spike Lee film Do the Right Thing (1989). Aiello appeared in numerous motion pictures, including The Godfather Part II (1974), The Front (1976), Once Upon a Time in America (1984), The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985), Moonstruck (1987), Harlem Nights (1989), Hudson Hawk (1991), Ruby (1992), L\u00e9on: The Professional (1994), 2 Days in the Valley (1996), Dinner Rush (2000), and Lucky Number Slevin (2006). He played Don Domenico Clericuzio in the miniseries The Last Don (1997).", "Q168355": "Donald T. Beddoe (July 1, 1903 \u2013 January 19, 1991) was an American character actor.", "Q235940": "Ivete Maria Dias de Sangalo Cady (Brazilian Portuguese: [i\u02c8v\u025bt\u0283i s\u0250\u0303\u02c8\u0261a\u026bu], born May 27, 1972) is a Brazilian singer, songwriter, and occasional actress and television show host. She is one of the most popular and best-selling Brazilian female singers, with six albums released with Banda Eva, and seven more albums in a solo career. Sangalo is noted for her powerful voice, charisma and live performances. Her music is also very popular in Portugal. She has sold 20 million copies of her albums.As a child, Sangalo started to sing and play guitar at events, festivals and presentations of the school where she studied. Her debut show happened in Ondina, Salvador in August 1992. With that show she won the Dorival Caymmi trophy, considered the Grammy of Bahia music.", "Q177275": "Bobsleigh or bobsled is a team winter sport that involves making timed runs down narrow, twisting, banked, iced tracks in a gravity-powered sleigh. International bobsleigh competitions are governed by the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation, also known as FIBT from the French F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing. National competitions are often governed by bodies such as the United States Bobsled and Skeleton Federation and Bobsleigh Canada Skeleton.\nThe first bobsleds were built in St. Moritz, Switzerland, in the late 19th century by wealthy tourists from Victorian Britain who were staying at the Palace Hotel owned by Caspar Badrutt. The early sleds were adapted from boys' delivery sleds and toboggans. These eventually evolved into bobsleighs, luges and skeletons. Initially the tourists would race their hand-built contraptions down the narrow streets of St. Moritz, however, as collisions increased growing opposition from St Moritz residents led to bobsledding being eventually banned from public highways. In the winter of 1884, Badrutt had a purpose-built run constructed near the hamlet of Cresta. The Cresta Run remains the oldest in the world and is the home of the St. Moritz Tobogganing Club. It has hosted two Olympic Winter Games and is still in use.\nModern Bobsleigh teams compete to complete a downhill route in the fastest times. An aggregate time from several runs is used to determine the winners. The four-man event has been featured since the first Winter Games in 1924 in Chamonix, France. The only exception was the 1960 games in Squaw Valley when the organizing committee decided not to build a track to reduce costs. The two-man event was introduced at the 1932 games and a two-woman event was first contested at the 2002 Winter Olympics.", "Q356217": "Richard David Cook (7 February 1957 \u2013 25 August 2007) was a British jazz writer, magazine editor and former record company executive. Sometimes credited as R. D. Cook, Cook was born in Kew, Surrey, and lived in west London as an adult. He was co-author, with Brian Morton, of The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings (formerly ...on CD), which lasted for ten editions until 2010. Richard Cook's Jazz Companion and It's About That Time: Miles Davis On and Off the Record were published in 2005.\nA writer on music from the late 1970s until he died, he was a contributor to the NME (often writing confused reviews of punk and new wave artists when venturing away from jazz), the jazz critic for The Sunday Times and later a music writer for the New Statesman. Cook was formerly editor of The Wire, when it was a jazz-centred periodical (it broadened its coverage towards the end of his editorship), and edited Jazz Review magazine from its foundation in 1998. Jazz Review continued for a time after his death, using Cook's approach to the music as continuing inspiration; it did not name a specific successor (Morton) for six months. Cook also presented a programme on jazz for BBC local radio GLR.\nCook was the UK jazz catalogue manager for PolyGram (1992\u201397) and also produced albums by the trumpeter Guy Barker. During his spell at PolyGram, Cook launched the short-lived 'Redial' re-issue line of classic British jazz albums. In 2002, he was responsible for issuing a 10 CD limited-edition set by the American avant-garde pianist Cecil Taylor of 1990 recordings, 2Ts for a Lovely T, which was on the Codanza label.\nCook died of cancer on 25 August 2007, aged 50, in London.", "Q457420": "Wangechi Mutu (born 1972) is a Kenyan-American visual artist known primarily for her painting, sculpture, film and performance work. Born in Kenya, she has lived and established her career in New York for over twenty years. Mutu's work has directed the female body as subject through collage painting, immersive installation, and live and video performance all the while exploring questions of self-image, gender constructs, cultural trauma and environmental destruction.", "Q73943": "Ingo Naujoks is a German actor. He was born on March 1, 1962 in Bochum, Germany.\nHe won the German Comedy Award for his performance in the TV series Bewegte M\u00e4nner. He is also known for his performance in Rick And Olli.\nHe is also the actor who once portrayed Rufus, the human Grouch on Sesamstrasse, the German version of Sesame Street.", "Q62696": "Friedrich \"Fritz\" Thyssen (9 November 1873 \u2013 8 February 1951) was a German businessman, born into one of Germany's leading industrial families.", "Q96071": "Werner Georg Kollath (11 June 1892 in Gollnow, now Goleni\u00f3w \u2013 19 November 1970 in Porza) was a German bacteriologist, hygienist and food scientist. He is considered a pioneer of whole foods.\n\n", "Q183492": "Margaret Eleanor Atwood (born November 18, 1939) is a Canadian poet, novelist, literary critic, essayist, inventor, teacher, and environmental activist. Since 1961, she has published 18 books of poetry, 18 novels, 11 books of non-fiction, nine collections of short fiction, eight children's books, and two graphic novels, as well as a number of small press editions of both poetry and fiction. Atwood has won numerous awards and honors for her writing, including the Booker Prize (twice), Arthur C. Clarke Award, Governor General's Award, Franz Kafka Prize, and the National Book Critics and PEN Center USA Lifetime Achievement Awards. A number of her works have been adapted for film and television, increasing her exposure.\nAtwood's works encompass a variety of themes including gender and identity, religion and myth, the power of language, climate change, and \"power politics\". Many of her poems are inspired by myths and fairy tales which interested her from a very early age. Atwood is a founder of the Griffin Poetry Prize and Writers' Trust of Canada. She is also a Senior Fellow of Massey College, Toronto. Atwood is also the inventor and developer of the LongPen and associated technologies that facilitate remote robotic writing of documents.", "Q67936": "Gert Prokop (born June 11, 1932 in Richtenberg; died March, 1994 in Berlin from suicide) was a German writer of science fiction and crime fiction. He spent much of his life in the former East Germany. In crime fiction one of his best known works is \"Detective Pinky\" about an American boy who dreams of being like Allan Pinkerton and at least one of his crime novels was filmed. His science fiction made use of social criticism and dystopian forms. In 1990 he has won the Deutscher Science Fiction Preis (best short story).", "Q10566": "Saskatoon () is the largest city in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It straddles a bend in the South Saskatchewan River in the central region of the province. It is located along the Trans-Canada Yellowhead Highway, and has served as the cultural and economic hub of central Saskatchewan since its founding in 1882 as a Temperance colony.With a 2016 census population of 246,376, Saskatoon is the largest city in the province, and the 17th largest Census Metropolitan Area in Canada, with a 2016 census population of 295,095. The City of Saskatoon has estimated its population to be 278,500 as of July 2018, while Statistics Canada has estimated the CMA's population to be 330,674 as of 2019.Saskatoon is home to the University of Saskatchewan, the Meewasin Valley Authority which protects the South Saskatchewan River and provides for the city's popular riverbank park spaces, and Wanuskewin Heritage Park, a National Historic Site of Canada and UNESCO World Heritage applicant representing 6,000 years of First Nations history. The Rural Municipality of Corman Park No. 344, the most populous rural municipality in Saskatchewan, surrounds the city and contains many of the developments associated with it, including Wanuskewin.\nSaskatoon is named after the saskatoon berry which is native to the region, and is itself derived from the Cree mis\u00e2skwat\u00f4mina. The city has a significant Indigenous population and several urban Reserves. The city has nine river crossings and is nicknamed \"Paris of the Prairies\" and \"Bridge City.\"\nHistoric neighbourhoods of Saskatoon include Nutana and Riversdale, which were separate towns before amalgamating with the town of Saskatoon and incorporating as a city in 1906. Nutana, Riversdale, their historic main streets of Broadway Avenue and 20th Street, as well as the downtown core and other central neighbourhoods are seeing significant reinvestment and redevelopment. Sutherland, the rail town annexed by the city in 1956 that lies beyond the University lands, is now another historic old city.", "Q434805": "Augusto Boal (16 March 1931 \u2013 2 May 2009) was a Brazilian theatre practitioner, drama theorist, and political activist. He was the founder of Theatre of the Oppressed, a theatrical form originally used in radical left popular education movements. Boal served one term as a Vereador (the Brazilian equivalent of a city councillor) in Rio de Janeiro from 1993 to 1997, where he developed legislative theatre.", "Q615867": "Telex was a Belgian synthpop group formed in 1978 by Marc Moulin, Dan Lacksman and Michel Moers, with the intention of \"making something really European, different from rock, without guitar \u2014 and the idea was electronic music\".", "Q870364": "Ilanz is a Kreis, or sub-district of Surselva, in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden (French: Grisons), Switzerland.", "Q974670": "Joseph Christopher \"Joe\" Liggins, Jr. (born Theodro Elliott; July 9, 1916 \u2013 July 26, 1987) was an American R&B, jazz and blues pianist and vocalist who led Joe Liggins and his Honeydrippers in the 1940s and 1950s. His band appeared often on the Billboard magazine charts. The band's biggest hit was \"The Honeydripper\", released in 1945. Joe Liggins was the older brother of R&B performer Jimmy Liggins.", "Q190388": "John of the Cross (Spanish: Juan de la Cruz; 1542 \u2013 14 December 1591), Carmelite friar and priest of converso origin, is a major figure of the Spanish Counter-Reformation, a mystic and Roman Catholic saint. He is one of thirty-six Doctors of the Church.\nJohn of the Cross is known especially for his writings. He was mentored by and corresponded with the older Carmelite, Teresa of \u00c1vila. Both his poetry and his studies on the development of the soul are considered the summit of mystical Spanish literature and among the greatest works of all Spanish literature. He was canonized by Pope Benedict XIII in 1726.", "Q1544881": "The University of Tampere (UTA) (Finnish: Tampereen yliopisto (Tay), Latin: Universitas Tamperensis) was a public university in Tampere, Finland that was merged with Tampere University of Technology to create the new Tampere University on 1 January 2019.\nThe University offered undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programmes with 20,178 degree students and 1,981 employees as of 2016. Founded in 1925 in Helsinki as the Civic College (Finnish: Kansalaiskorkeakoulu) and from 1930 onwards known as the School of Social Sciences (Finnish: Yhteiskunnallinen korkeakoulu), the institution relocated to Tampere in 1960 and was renamed as the University of Tampere in 1966. In 2016, its budget was \u20ac184.6 million of which 59% was government funding.", "Q46720": "Valentinian I (Latin: Flavius Valentinianus Augustus; Greek: \u039f\u1f50\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2; 3 July 321 \u2013 17 November 375), also known as Valentinian the Great, was Roman emperor from 364 to 375. Upon becoming emperor he made his brother Valens his co-emperor, giving him rule of the eastern provinces while Valentinian retained the west.\nDuring his reign, Valentinian fought successfully against the Alamanni, Quadi, and Sarmatians. Most notable was his victory over the Alamanni in 367 at the Battle of Solicinium. His brilliant general Count Theodosius defeated a revolt in Africa and the Great Conspiracy, a coordinated assault on Roman Britain by Picts, Scots, and Saxons. Valentinian was also the last emperor to conduct campaigns across both the Rhine and Danube rivers. Valentinian rebuilt and improved the fortifications along the frontiers, even building fortresses in enemy territory.\nDue to the successful nature of his reign and the rapid decline of the empire after his death, he is often considered to be the \"last great western emperor\". He founded the Valentinian Dynasty, with his sons Gratian and Valentinian II succeeding him in the western half of the empire.", "Q2737": "Louis Germain David de Fun\u00e8s de Galarza (French pronunciation: \u200b[lwi \u0292\u025b\u0281m\u025b\u0303 david d\u0259 fyn\u025bs d\u0259 \u0261ala\u0281za]; 31 July 1914 \u2013 27 January 1983) was a French actor and comedian. According to several polls conducted since 1968, he is France's favourite actor \u2013 having played over 130 roles in film and over 100 on stage. His acting style is remembered for its high-energy performance and his wide range of facial expressions and tics. A considerable part of his best-known acting was directed by Jean Girault.\nHe often still is a household name in many countries such as Israel, Greece, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Belgium, Serbia, Poland, Bulgaria, Germany, Spain, Turkey, Albania, Romania, Croatia, former countries of the Soviet Union, as well as Iran. Yet he remains almost unknown in the English-speaking world. He was exposed to a wider audience only once in the United States, in 1974, with the release of The Mad Adventures of Rabbi Jacob, which was nominated for a Golden Globe Award.\n\n", "Q84475": "Michael Arthur Josef Jakob Hainisch (German: [\u02c8ha\u026an\u026a\u0283] (listen); 15 August 1858 \u2013 26 February 1940) was an Austrian politician who served as the first President of Austria from 1920 to 1929, after the fall of the monarchy at the end of World War I.", "Q894948": "Boualem Sansal (born 15 October 1949) is an Algerian author. In 2012, he was named winner of the Prix du roman arabe, but the prize money was withdrawn due to Sansal's visit to Israel to speak at the Jerusalem Writers Festival.", "Q1296236": "Effingham Lawrence (March 2, 1820 \u2013 December 9, 1878) was an American politician known for serving for the shortest term in congressional history, serving for just one day in the U.S. House of Representatives.\n\n", "Q181285": "Cambrai (US: , French: [k\u0251\u0303b\u0281\u025b] (listen); Picard: Kimbr\u00e9; Dutch: Kamerijk), formerly Cambray and historically in English Camerick or Camericke, is a commune in the Nord department and in the Hauts-de-France region of France on the Scheldt river, which is known locally as the Escaut river.\nA sub-prefecture of the department, Cambrai is a town which had 32,518 inhabitants in the Census of 2009. It is in the heart of the urban unit of Cambrai which, with 47,138 inhabitants, ranks as 7th largest of the department. Its urban area, a more extensive range, included 65,986 inhabitants in 2009. With Lille and the towns of the former Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin, it is also part of the Metropolitan area of Lille which has more than 3.8 million inhabitants.\nTowards the end of the Roman Empire, Cambrai replaced Bavay as the \"capital\" of the land of the Nervii. At the beginning of the Merovingian era, Cambrai became the seat of an immense archdiocese covering all the right bank of the Scheldt and the centre of a small ecclesiastical principality, roughly coinciding with the shire of Brabant, including the central part of the Low Countries. The bishopric had some limited secular power and depended on the Holy Roman Empire until annexation to France in 1678. F\u00e9nelon, nicknamed the \"Swan of Cambrai\", was the most renowned of the archbishops.\nThe fertile lands which surround it and the textile industry gave it prosperity in the Middle Ages, but in modern times it is less industrialised than its neighbours of Nord-Pas-de-Calais.\nCambrai was the Duke of Wellington's headquarters, for the British Army of Occupation, from 1815 to 1818. Occupied and partly destroyed by the German army during World War I, Cambrai saw unfold in its vicinity the Battle of Cambrai (20 November 1917 \u2013 3 December 1917) where tanks were massively and successfully used for the first time. A second Battle of Cambrai took place between 8 and 10 October 1918 as part of the Hundred Days Offensive. World War II was followed by reconstructions and a rapidly developing economy and population, abruptly reversed by the 1973 oil crisis.\nCambrai today is a lively city and, despite the past destruction, maintains a rich monumental heritage. Cambrai is affirmed as the urban centre of Cambr\u00e9sis. Its economic life is strengthened by its position on the main local highway and river.\n\n", "Q224865": "Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau (June 13, 1912 \u2013 October 24, 1943) was a French Canadian poet and painter, who \"was posthumously hailed as a herald of the Quebec literary renaissance of the 1950s\". He has been called Quebec's \"first truly modern poet\".", "Q193871": "Herbert Marshall McLuhan (1911\u20131980) was a Canadian philosopher. His work is one of the cornerstones of the study of media theory. Born in Edmonton, Alberta, McLuhan studied at the University of Manitoba and the University of Cambridge. He began his teaching career as a professor of English at several universities in the US and Canada before moving to the University of Toronto in 1946, where he remained for the rest of his life.\nMcLuhan coined the expression \"the medium is the message\" and the term global village, and predicted the World Wide Web almost 30 years before it was invented. He was a fixture in media discourse in the late 1960s, though his influence began to wane in the early 1970s. In the years after his death, he continued to be a controversial figure in academic circles. With the arrival of the Internet and the World Wide Web, interest was renewed in his work and perspective.", "Q128759": "Stanislao Cannizzaro ( KAN-iz-AR-oh, also US: -\u2060it-SAR-, Italian: [stani\u02c8zla\u02d0o kannit\u02c8tsa\u02d0ro]; 13 July 1826 \u2013 10 May 1910) was an Italian chemist. He is famous for the Cannizzaro reaction and for his influential role in the atomic-weight deliberations of the Karlsruhe Congress in 1860.", "Q586735": "San Francisco Art Institute (SFAI) is a private college of contemporary art in San Francisco, California. Founded in 1871, SFAI is one of the oldest art schools in the United States and the oldest west of the Mississippi River. Approximately 400 undergraduates and 200 graduate students are enrolled. The institution is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) and the National Association of Schools of Art and Design (NASAD), and is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD).", "Q8554": "The Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis is a district (Kreis) in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.\nNeighboring districts are (from north clockwise) the district-free city Worms, the district Bergstra\u00dfe, district-free Mannheim, Frankenthal and Ludwigshafen, Rhein-Neckar, district-free Speyer, the districts Karlsruhe, Germersheim, S\u00fcdliche Weinstra\u00dfe and Bad D\u00fcrkheim.", "Q702499": "Osnabr\u00fcck University (German: Universit\u00e4t Osnabr\u00fcck) is a public research university located in the city of Osnabr\u00fcck in Lower Saxony, Germany.\nIn 2011 it was attended by 11,034 students; the staff of 1,858 consisted of 209 professors, 936 additional academic personnel (lecturers without professorships, post-doctoral researchers and post-graduate assistants) and 713 non-academic personnel. The university is known for its many interdisciplinary degree programmes, some of them rare or even unique among German universities, including European Studies, Migration Research, Applied Systems Science and Cognitive Science. Notably, the university is well known for its research in cognitive science, peace and conflict studies, democratic governance, European Studies, Migration studies among many others.\nIn addition, the university, through its Master of Arts in Democratic Governance and Civil Society graduate program, is also part of the highly prestigious DAAD Public Policy and Good Governance Scholarships for Developing Countries, along with other reputable institutions in political science and public policy such as the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin and the Willy Brandt School of Public Policy in Erfurt. The program attracts people from Asia, Latin America, and Africa to study in selected German universities for a policy-oriented Master's program.\nFormer President of Germany, Christian Wulff, is an alumnus of the university.", "Q693380": "The Old University of Leuven (or of Louvain) is the name historians give to the university, or studium generale, founded in Leuven, Brabant (then part of the Burgundian Netherlands, now part of Belgium), in 1425. The university was closed in 1797, a week after the cession to the French Republic of the Austrian Netherlands and the principality of Li\u00e8ge (jointly the future Belgium) by the Treaty of Campo Formio.\n\nThe name was in medieval Latin Studium generale Lovaniense or Universitas Studii Lovaniensis, in humanistical Latin Academia Lovaniensis, and most usually, Universitas Lovaniensis, in Dutch Universiteyt Loven and also Hooge School van Loven.It is commonly referred to as the University of Leuven or University of Louvain, sometimes with the qualification \"old\" to distinguish it from the Catholic University of Leuven (established 1835 in Leuven). This might also refer to a short-lived but historically important State University of Leuven, 1817\u20131835. The immediate official and legal successor and inheritor of the old University, under the laws in force in 1797, was the \u00c9cole centrale de Bruxelles, which itself closed down in 1802.\nDuring the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the University of Leuven was until its closure a great centre of Jansenism in Europe, with professors such as Cornelius Jansen, Petrus Stockmans, Johannes van Neercassel, Josse Le Plat and especially Zeger Bernhard van Espen and his famous disciple Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim under the pseudonym Febronius. To shake off this reputation, the faculty of theology thrice declared its adherence to the papal condemnation of Jansenist beliefs in the papal bull Unigenitus (1713).", "Q137679": "Gertrude Franklin Horn Atherton (October 30, 1857 \u2013 June 14, 1948) was an American author. Many of her novels are set in her home state of California. Her bestseller Black Oxen (1923) was made into a silent movie of the same name. In addition to novels, she wrote short stories, essays, and articles for magazines and newspapers on such issues as feminism, politics, and war. She was strong-willed, independent-minded, and sometimes controversial, especially for her anti-communism and her white supremacist views.", "Q451079": "The Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Leipzig (German: S\u00e4chsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig) is an institute which was founded in 1846 under the name Royal Saxon Society for the Sciences (German: K\u00f6niglich S\u00e4chsische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften).\n\n", "Q348001": "Rainis was the pseudonym of J\u0101nis Pliek\u0161\u0101ns (September 11, 1865 \u2013 September 12, 1929), a Latvian poet, playwright, translator, and politician. Rainis' works include the classic plays Uguns un nakts (Fire and Night, 1905) and Indulis un \u0100rija (Indulis and \u0100rija, 1911), and a highly regarded translation of Goethe's Faust. His works had a profound influence on the literary Latvian language, and the ethnic symbolism he employed in his major works has been central to Latvian nationalism.", "Q88267": "J\u00fcrgen Todenh\u00f6fer (born 12 November 1940) is a German author, journalist, politician, and executive.", "Q62866": "Ivan Edward Sutherland (born May 16, 1938) is an American computer scientist and Internet pioneer, widely regarded as the \"father of computer graphics\". His early work in computer graphics as well as his teaching with David C. Evans in that subject at the University of Utah in the 1970s was pioneering in the field. Sutherland, Evans, and their students from that era invented several foundations of modern computer graphics. He received the Turing Award from the Association for Computing Machinery in 1988 for the invention of Sketchpad, an early predecessor to the sort of graphical user interface that has become ubiquitous in personal computers. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, as well as the National Academy of Sciences among many other major awards. In 2012 he was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology for \"pioneering achievements in the development of computer graphics and interactive interfaces\".\n\n", "Q90428": "Johann Karl Eugen Trausch von Trauschenfels was a Transylvanian publicist of The House of Trausch von Trauschenfels.\nHe was born in 1833, in Kronstadt (current-day Bra\u0219ov, Romania) and died in 1903, in the same city.", "Q235968": "L\u00edda Baarov\u00e1 (born Ludmila Babkov\u00e1; 7 September 1914 \u2013 27 October 2000) was a Czech-Austrian actress who for two years was the mistress of the Nazi propaganda minister of Germany, Joseph Goebbels.", "Q864339": "Hard Rock Stadium is a football stadium located in Miami Gardens, Florida, a city north of Miami. It is the home stadium of the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). Hard Rock Stadium also plays host to the Miami Hurricanes football team during their regular season. In addition, the facility hosts the Orange Bowl, an annual college football bowl game. It was the home to the Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1993 to 2011. From 2019, the stadium is home to the Miami Open tennis tournament, played in March.\nThe stadium has hosted six Super Bowls (XXIII, XXIX, XXXIII, XLI, XLIV, and LIV), the 2010 Pro Bowl, two World Series (1997 and 2003), four BCS National Championship Games (2001, 2005, 2009, 2013), the second round of the 2009 World Baseball Classic, and WrestleMania XXVIII. The stadium will host the College Football Playoff National Championship in 2021, as well as has \"agreed in principle\" to host the Formula 1 Miami Grand Prix in 2021.The facility opened in 1987 as \"Joe Robbie Stadium\" and has been known by a number of names since: \"Pro Player Park\", \"Pro Player Stadium\", \"Dolphins Stadium\", \"Dolphin Stadium\", \"Land Shark Stadium\", and \"Sun Life Stadium\". In August 2016 the team sold the naming rights to Hard Rock Cafe Inc. for $250 million over 18 years.", "Q1216": "Piedmont ( PEED-mont; Italian: Piemonte, pronounced [pje\u02c8monte]; Piedmontese, Occitan and Arpitan: Piemont, Piedmontese pronunciation: [pje\u02c8m\u028a\u014bt]) is a region in northwest Italy, one of the 20 regions of the country. It borders the Liguria region to the south, the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions to the east and the Aosta Valley region to the northwest; it also borders Switzerland to the northeast and France to the west. It has an area of 25,402 square kilometres (9,808 sq mi) and a population of 4,377,941 as of 30 November 2017. The capital of Piedmont is Turin.", "Q275394": "Gigi Edgley (born 16 November 1977) is an Australian actress, singer and songwriter. She is best known for her roles as Chiana on the series Farscape and Lara Knight in Rescue: Special Ops.", "Q2506112": "Natalya Ivanovna Kasperskaya (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f; born 5 February 1966 in Moscow, Soviet Union)\u2014who, in the West, uses as her surname the masculine form Kaspersky\u2014is a Russian IT entrepreneur, President of the InfoWatch Group of companies and co-founder and former CEO of antivirus security software company Kaspersky Lab. In addition, she is one of the wealthiest women in Russia and one of the most influential figures in the Russian IT industry.\n\n", "Q395274": "Michael Andrew Fox (born June 9, 1961), known professionally as Michael J. Fox, is a Canadian-American actor, comedian, author, film producer and activist with a film and television career spanning from the 1970s. He starred in the Back to the Future trilogy in which he portrayed Marty McFly. Other notable roles have included his portrayal of Alex P. Keaton on the American sitcom Family Ties (1982\u20131989) and Mike Flaherty on the ABC sitcom Spin City (1996\u20132000). He has won five Primetime Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a Grammy Award, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards.\nFox was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1991 at age 29, and disclosed his condition to the public in 1998. He semi-retired from acting in 2000 as the symptoms of the disease worsened. He has since become an advocate for research toward finding a cure, and founded the Michael J. Fox Foundation. Sweden's Karolinska Institute gave him an honoris causa doctorate on March 5, 2010 for his work advocating a cure for Parkinson's disease.Since 1999, Fox has mainly worked as a voice-over actor in films such as Stuart Little and Disney's Atlantis: The Lost Empire. On the CBS TV show The Good Wife, he earned Emmy nominations for three consecutive years for his recurring role as crafty attorney Louis Canning. He has also taken recurring guest roles and cameo appearances in Boston Legal, Scrubs, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Rescue Me, and Designated Survivor. He has written three books: Lucky Man: A Memoir (2002), Always Looking Up: The Adventures of an Incurable Optimist (2009), and A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Future: Twists and Turns and Lessons Learned (2010). He was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2010, and was also inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in 2000.\n\n", "Q679759": "Musicians Institute (MI) is a for-profit college of contemporary music in Los Angeles, California. MI students can earn Certificates and \u2014 with transfer of coursework taken at Los Angeles City College \u2014 Associate of Arts Degrees, as well as Bachelor of Music Degrees in either Performance or Composition. The college was founded in 1977.", "Q939758": "Kalajoki is a coastal town and municipality of Finland.\nIt is located in the province of Oulu and is part of the Northern Ostrobothnia region. The town has a population of 12,393 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 2,391.30 square kilometres (923.29 sq mi) of which 1,469.15 km2 (567.24 sq mi) is water. The population density is 13.44 inhabitants per square kilometre (34.8/sq mi).\nThe municipality is unilingually Finnish.", "Q245257": "William Clark Styron Jr. (June 11, 1925 \u2013 November 1, 2006) was an American novelist and essayist who won major literary awards for his work.Styron was best known for his novels, including:\n\nLie Down in Darkness (1951), his acclaimed first work, published when he was 26;\nThe Confessions of Nat Turner (1967), narrated by Nat Turner, the leader of an 1831 Virginia slave revolt;\nSophie's Choice (1979), a story \"told through the eyes of a young aspiring writer from the South, about a Polish Catholic survivor of Auschwitz and her brilliant but psychotic Jewish lover in postwar Brooklyn\".In 1985, he suffered from his first serious bout with depression. Once he recovered from his illness, Styron was able to write the memoir Darkness Visible (1990), the work he became best known for during the last two decades of his life.", "Q132701": "Sir Derek Alton Walcott, KCSL, OBE, OCC (23 January 1930 \u2013 17 March 2017) was a Saint Lucian poet and playwright. He received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Literature. He was the University of Alberta's first distinguished scholar in residence, where he taught undergraduate and graduate writing courses. He also served as Professor of Poetry at the University of Essex from 2010 to 2013. His works include the Homeric epic poem Omeros (1990), which many critics view \"as Walcott's major achievement.\" In addition to winning the Nobel Prize, Walcott received many literary awards over the course of his career, including an Obie Award in 1971 for his play Dream on Monkey Mountain, a MacArthur Foundation \"genius\" award, a Royal Society of Literature Award, the Queen's Medal for Poetry, the inaugural OCM Bocas Prize for Caribbean Literature, the 2011 T. S. Eliot Prize for his book of poetry White Egrets and the Griffin Trust For Excellence in Poetry Lifetime Recognition Award in 2015.", "Q444312": "William Bruce Davis (born January 13, 1938) is a Canadian actor and director, best known for his role as the Cigarette Smoking Man on The X-Files. Besides appearing in many TV programs and movies, Davis founded his own acting school, the William Davis Centre for Actors Study. In his personal life, Davis is an avid water-skier, lectures on skepticism at events such as the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry's CSICon, and advocates for action on climate change. In 2011 Davis published his memoir, Where There's Smoke ... The Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man.", "Q517986": "Tommy Olivencia (May 15, 1938 \u2013 September 22, 2006) was a renowned Puerto Rican bandleader of salsa music.", "Q3484238": "Simon Chandler (born 1953) is a British film, television and theatre actor. He often plays senior establishment figures such as Members of Parliament and senior civil servants.", "Q241031": "James Bond (January 4, 1900 \u2013 February 14, 1989) was an American ornithologist and expert on the birds of the Caribbean. His name was appropriated by writer Ian Fleming for his fictional British spy of the same name.", "Q17221": "A spokesperson, spokesman or spokeswoman, is someone engaged or elected to speak on behalf of others.", "Q1015805": "Changshu (Chinese: \u5e38\u719f; pinyin: Ch\u00e1ngsh\u00fa; Wade\u2013Giles: Ch'ang-shu'; literally: 'evergrow'; Suzhounese: /d\u0361\u0290an\u00b9\u00b3 \u0290o\u0294\u00b2\u00b3/) is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, and is part of the Yangtze River Delta. It borders the prefecture-level city of Nantong to the northeast across the Yangtze River. Due to the mild climate and terrain there, it has enjoyed a high level of agriculture civilization since ancient times, and is named after this, for the first character of its name (\u5e38) means \"always, often\", while the second (\u719f) means \"ripe\". The name of the adjacent county-level city of Taicang means \"great granary\".", "Q93121": "Tadao Kasami (\u5d69 \u5fe0\u96c4, Kasami Tadao, April 12, 1930 \u2013 March 18, 2007) was a noted Japanese information theorist who made significant contributions to error correcting codes. He was the earliest to publish the key ideas for the CYK algorithm, separately discovered by Daniel Younger (1967) and John Cocke (1970).\nKasami was born in Kobe, Japan, and studied electrical engineering at Osaka University, where he received his B.E. degree in 1958, M.E. in 1960, and Ph.D. in 1963. He then joined the faculty, teaching until 1994, and was dean 1990\u20131992. He was subsequently professor in the Graduate School of Information Science at the Nara Institute of Science and Technology 1992\u20131998, and professor of information science at Hiroshima City University 1998\u20132004.Kasami was an IEEE Fellow, and received the 1987 Achievement Award from the Institute of Electronics, Information, and Communications Engineers of Japan and the 1999 IEEE Claude E. Shannon Award.", "Q463975": "Cornelius Ryan (5 June 1920 \u2013 23 November 1974) was an Irish journalist and author mainly known for his writings on popular military history, especially his World War II books: The Longest Day: 6 June 1944 D-Day (1959), The Last Battle (1966), and A Bridge Too Far (1974).\n\n", "Q11650": "Electronics comprises the physics, engineering, technology and applications that deal with the emission, flow and control of electrons in vacuum and matter. This distinguishes it from classical electrical engineering as it uses active devices to control electron flow by amplification and rectification rather than just using passive effects such as resistance, capacitance and inductance. The identification of the electron in 1897, along with the subsequent invention of the vacuum tube which could amplify and rectify small electrical signals, inaugurated the field of electronics and the electron age. This distinction started around 1906 with the invention by Lee De Forest of the triode, which made electrical amplification of weak radio signals and audio signals possible with a non-mechanical device. Until 1950, this field was called \"radio technology\" because its principal application was the design and theory of radio transmitters, receivers, and vacuum tubes.\nThe term \"solid-state electronics\" emerged after the first working transistor was invented by William Shockley, Walter Houser Brattain and John Bardeen at Bell Labs in 1947. The MOSFET (MOS transistor) was later invented by Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in 1959. The MOSFET was the first truly compact transistor that could be miniaturised and mass-produced for a wide range of uses, revolutionizing the electronics industry, and playing a central role in the microelectronics revolution and Digital Revolution. The MOSFET has since become the basic element in most modern electronic equipment, and is the most widely used electronic device in the world.\nElectronics is widely used in information processing, telecommunication, and signal processing. The ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information-processing possible. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed electronic components into a regular working system, called an electronic system; examples are computers or control systems. An electronic system may be a component of another engineered system or a standalone device. As of 2019 most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control. Commonly, electronic devices contain circuitry consisting of active semiconductors supplemented with passive elements; such a circuit is described as an electronic circuit. Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, integrated circuits, optoelectronics, and sensors, associated passive electrical components, and interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes amplification of weak signals possible.\nThe study of semiconductor devices and related technology is considered a branch of solid-state physics, whereas the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems come under electronics engineering. This article focuses on engineering aspects of electronics.", "Q216169": "Execution by firing squad, in the past sometimes called fusillading (from the French fusil, rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war. Execution by shooting is a fairly old practice. Some reasons for its use are that firearms are usually readily available and a gunshot to a vital organ, such as brain or heart, most often, will kill relatively quickly.\nA firing squad is normally composed of several military personnel. Usually, all members of the group are instructed to fire simultaneously, thus preventing both disruption of the process by a single member and identification of the member who fired the lethal shot. To avoid disfigurement due to multiple shots to the head, the shooters are typically instructed to aim at the heart, sometimes aided by a paper target. The prisoner is typically blindfolded or hooded, as well as restrained, although in some cases prisoners have asked to be allowed to face the firing squad without their eyes covered. Media portrayals have frequently shown condemned being offered a final cigarette as well. Executions can be carried out with the condemned either standing or sitting. There is a tradition in some jurisdictions that such executions are carried out at first light or at sunrise. This gave rise to the phrase \"shot at dawn\".\nExecution by firing squad is distinct from other forms of execution by firearms, such as an execution by shooting to the back of the head or neck. However, the single shot by the squad's officer with a pistol (coup de gr\u00e2ce) is sometimes incorporated in a firing squad execution, particularly if the initial volley turns out not to be immediately fatal. Before the introduction of firearms, bows or crossbows were often used\u2014Saint Sebastian is usually depicted as executed by a squad of Roman auxiliary archers in around 288 AD; King Edmund the Martyr of East Anglia, by some accounts, was tied to a tree and executed by Viking archers on 20 November 869 or 870 AD.", "Q861241": "Fukuchi Gen'ichir\u014d (\u798f\u5730 \u6e90\u4e00\u90ce, May 13, 1841 \u2013 January 4, 1906) was a Japanese critic and author, also known under the pseudonym Fukuchi \u014cchi (\u798f\u5730 \u685c\u75f4).", "Q162136": "Jakob Ejersbo (6 April 1968 in R\u00f8dovre \u2013 10 July 2008 in Aalborg) was a Danish journalist and writer. His work is considered modern and neorealistic. Authoring the immensely popular novel, Nordkraft, which sold more than 100,000 copies, an unusually high sales figure on the book market in Denmark, Ejersbo became an established writer. A tale about three young people and drug problems in Aalborg, the work was turned into a film in 2005, directed by Ole Christian Madsen. Ejersbo is also well known for writing what is known as the Africa Trilogy (the three novels, Liberty, Revolution, and Eksil), inspired by the author's own childhood experiences in Tanzania.\nThe trilogy was published posthumously, however. Jakob Ejersbo died from a malign case of esophageal cancer after an illness period of only 10 months.Johannes Riis, publishing editor at the major Danish publishing house, Gyldendal, spoke at the funeral, saying: \"Og nu st\u00e5r jeg s\u00e5 her, i en frysende klar og ubarmhjertig bevidsthed om, at jeg i l\u00f8bet af det sidste \u00e5rs tid har v\u00e6ret vidne til noget af det mest urimelige og meningsl\u00f8se, jeg har oplevet i mit liv. At se s\u00e5 meget originalitet, s\u00e5 meget talent g\u00e5 til spilde og aldrig f\u00e5 mulighed for at komme til udfoldelse. Det er ikke til at have med at g\u00f8re\" (\"And now here I stand, with a freezingly clear and merciless awareness that, in the course of the past year, I have witnessed something of the most unfair and meaningless I have experienced in my life. To see so much originality, so much talent go to waste and never get the chance to unfold. It is unbearable.\").Ejersbo was not married, lived alone and had no children.", "Q455579": "Stephen Gregory Bier Jr. (born March 6, 1964, Fort Lauderdale, Florida), formerly known by his stage name Madonna Wayne Gacy and by the nickname Pogo (John Wayne Gacy's clown name), is an American musician who was the keyboard player for Marilyn Manson from 1989 to 2007. His stage name came from the names of the singer Madonna and the serial killer John Wayne Gacy.", "Q142580": "Count Vladimir Nikolayevich Lamsdorf (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0441\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0444; German: Wladimir Nikolajewitsch Freiherr von der Wenge Graf Lambsdorff; January 6 [O.S. December 25] 1845 \u2013 March 19 [O.S. March 6] 1907) was an Imperial Russian statesman of Baltic German descent who served as Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire in 1900\u20131906, a crucial period which included the Russo-Japanese War and the Russian Revolution of 1905.\n\n", "Q41": "Greece (Greek: \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1), historically also known as Hellas, is a country located in Southeast Europe. Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018; Athens, the nation's capital, is its largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.\nSituated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring many islands, of which 227 are inhabited. Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous, with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres (9,573 ft). The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions: Macedonia, Central Greece, the Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epirus, the Aegean Islands (including the Dodecanese and Cyclades), Thrace, Crete, and the Ionian Islands.\nGreece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation, being the birthplace of democracy, Western philosophy, Western literature, historiography, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles, Western drama and the Olympic Games. From the eighth century B.C., the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states, known as poleis (singular polis), which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea. Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC, with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world, from the eastern Mediterranean to India. Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C., becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire, which adopted the Greek language and culture. The Greek Orthodox Church, which emerged in the first century A.D., helped shape modern Greek identity and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider Orthodox World. After falling under Ottoman dominion in the mid-15th century, Greece emerged as a modern nation state in 1830 following a war of independence. The country's rich historical legacy is reflected in part by its 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites.\nGreece is a unitary parliamentary republic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a high quality of life, and a very high standard of living. Its economy is the largest in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor. A founding member of the United Nations, Greece was the tenth member to join the European Communities (precursor to the European Union) and has been part of the Eurozone since 2001. It is also a member of numerous other international institutions, including the Council of Europe, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF). Greece's unique cultural heritage, large tourism industry, prominent shipping sector and geostrategic importance classify it as a middle power.", "Q57163": "Horst Ludwig Georg Erich Wessel (9 October 1907 \u2013 23 February 1930), commonly known as Horst Wessel, was a Berlin leader of the Nazi Party's stormtroopers, the Sturmabteilung (SA). After his murder in 1930, he was made into a martyr for the Nazi cause by Joseph Goebbels.\nWessel first joined a number of youth groups and extreme right-wing paramilitary groups, but later resigned from them and joined the SA, the brownshirted street-fighting stormtroopers of the Nazi Party. He rose to command several SA squads and districts. On 14 January 1930, he was shot in the head by two members of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). Albrecht \"Ali\" H\u00f6hler was arrested and charged with his murder. H\u00f6hler was initially sentenced to six years in prison, but was forcibly taken out of jail and killed by the SA after the Nazis came to power.\nWessel's funeral was given wide attention in Berlin, with many of the Nazi elite in attendance. After his death, he became a major propaganda symbol in Nazi Germany. A march he had written the lyrics to was renamed the \"Horst-Wessel-Lied\" (\"Horst Wessel Song\"), and became the official anthem of the Nazi Party. After Adolf Hitler came to national power in 1933, the song became the co-national anthem of Germany, along with the first verse of the \"Deutschlandlied\", also known as \"Deutschland \u00fcber alles\".", "Q828641": "Bertrand de Jouvenel des Ursins (31 October 1903 \u2013 1 March 1987) was a French philosopher, political economist, and futurist.", "Q4408": "Douglas Lawrence Osowski, credited as Mr. Lawrence and sometimes Doug Lawrence, is an American animator, writer, and voice actor. He is noted for his work as a writer and occasional voice actor for the Nicktoons Rocko's Modern Life and mostly known for his role as Plankton on various occasions on SpongeBob SquarePants since 1999.", "Q1494134": "Gardiner Greene Hubbard (August 25, 1822 \u2013 December 11, 1897) was an American lawyer, financier, and community leader.He was a founder and first president of the National Geographic Society; a founder and the first president of the Bell Telephone Company which later evolved into AT&T, at times the world's largest telephone company; a founder of the journal Science, and an advocate of oral speech education for the deaf.One of his daughters, Mabel Gardiner Hubbard, also became the wife of Alexander Graham Bell.", "Q162650": "Far North is an independently produced film by director Asif Kapadia, based on a short story by Sara Maitland. It was screened at various film festivals in 2007 and 2008 before an American DVD release on 23 September 2008.\n\n", "Q362824": "Todd Phillips (n\u00e9 Bunzl, born c. 1970/1971) is an American filmmaker and actor. He is known for writing and directing the films Road Trip (2000), Old School (2003), Starsky & Hutch (2004), The Hangover Trilogy (2009, 2011, and 2013), and Due Date (2010). For his work on the satirical comedy film Borat (2006), Phillips was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.\nPhillips also expanded into other genres, directing the biographical crime film War Dogs (2016) and the psychological thriller film Joker (2019), the latter of which received the Golden Lion at the 76th Venice International Film Festival and earned him Academy Award nominations for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay, alongside Scott Silver.", "Q105813": "Gerhard Schindler (born 4 October 1952 in Kollig, West Germany) is a German civil servant and former President of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), the German Federal Intelligence Service.", "Q82992": "\u00c9lie Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Forey (10 January 1804 \u2013 20 June 1872) was a Marshal of France.\n\n", "Q189197": "Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14, 1908 \u2013 May 2, 1957) was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957. Beginning in 1950, McCarthy became the most visible public face of a period in the United States in which Cold War tensions fueled fears of widespread communist subversion. He is known for alleging that numerous communists and Soviet spies and sympathizers had infiltrated the United States federal government, universities, film industry, and elsewhere. Ultimately, the smear tactics that he used led him to be censured by the U.S. Senate. The term \"McCarthyism\", coined in 1950 in reference to McCarthy's practices, was soon applied to similar anti-communist activities. Today, the term is used more broadly to mean demagogic, reckless, and unsubstantiated accusations, as well as public attacks on the character or patriotism of political opponents.Born in Grand Chute, Wisconsin, McCarthy commissioned in to the Marine Corps in 1942, where he served as an intelligence briefing officer for a dive bomber squadron. Following the end of World War II, he attained the rank of major. He volunteered to fly twelve combat missions as a gunner-observer, acquiring the nickname \"Tail-Gunner Joe\". Some of his claims of heroism were later shown to be exaggerated or falsified, leading many of his critics to use \"Tail-Gunner Joe\" as a term of mockery.McCarthy successfully ran for the U.S. Senate in 1946, defeating Robert M. La Follette Jr. After three largely undistinguished years in the Senate, McCarthy rose suddenly to national fame in February 1950 when he asserted in a speech that he had a list of \"members of the Communist Party and members of a spy ring\" who were employed in the State Department. In succeeding years after his 1950 speech, McCarthy made additional accusations of Communist infiltration into the State Department, the administration of President Harry S. Truman, the Voice of America, and the U.S. Army. He also used various charges of communism, communist sympathies, disloyalty, or sex crimes to attack a number of politicians and other individuals inside and outside of government. This included a concurrent \"Lavender Scare\" against suspected homosexuals (as homosexuality was prohibited by law at the time, it was also perceived to increase a person's risk for blackmail). Former U.S. Senator Alan K. Simpson has written: \"The so-called 'Red Scare' has been the main focus of most historians of that period of time. A lesser-known element ... and one that harmed far more people was the witch-hunt McCarthy and others conducted against homosexuals\".With the highly publicized Army\u2013McCarthy hearings of 1954, and following the suicide of Wyoming Senator Lester C. Hunt that same year, McCarthy's support and popularity faded. On December 2, 1954, the Senate voted to censure Senator McCarthy by a vote of 67\u201322, making him one of the few senators ever to be disciplined in this fashion. He continued to speak against communism and socialism until his death at the age of 48 at Bethesda Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland, on May 2, 1957. His death certificate listed the cause of death as \"Hepatitis, acute, cause unknown\". Doctors had not previously reported him to be in critical condition. Some biographers say this was caused or exacerbated by alcoholism.\n\n", "Q172443": "Bruce Halford (18 May 1931 \u2013 2 December 2001) was a British racing driver from England. He was born in Hampton-in-Arden (then in Warwickshire) and educated at Blundell's School\nHalford drove in Formula One from 1956 to 1960, participating in nine World Championship Grands Prix and numerous non-Championship races.He died in Churston Ferrers, Devon. Halford's obituary in The Daily Telegraph described him as \"one of the last of the 1950s' select band of private-entrant owner-drivers from the heyday of the classical front-engined Grand Prix car.\"", "Q2079": "Leipzig (, also , , German: [\u02c8la\u026apts\u026a\u00e7] (listen);; Upper Saxon: Leibzsch\nSorbian:\nLipsk) is the most populous city in the German federal state of Saxony. With a population of 600,000 inhabitants as of 2019 (1.1 million residents in the larger urban zone), it is Germany's eighth most populous city as well as the second most populous city in the area of former East Germany after (East) Berlin. Together with Halle (Saale), the largest city of the neighbouring state of Saxony-Anhalt, the city forms the polycentric conurbation of Leipzig-Halle. Between the two cities (in Schkeuditz) lies Leipzig/Halle International Airport.\nLeipzig is located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) southwest of Berlin in the Leipzig Bay, which constitutes the southernmost part of the North German Plain, at the confluence of the White Elster River (progression: Saale\u2192 Elbe\u2192 North Sea) and two of its tributaries: the Plei\u00dfe and the Parthe. The name of the city as well as the names of many of its boroughs are of Slavic origin.\nLeipzig has been a trade city since at least the time of the Holy Roman Empire. The city sits at the intersection of the Via Regia and the Via Imperii, two important medieval trade routes. Leipzig was once one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing. After the Second World War and during the period of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) Leipzig remained a major urban centre in East German terms, but its cultural and economic importance declined. Events in Leipzig in 1989 played a significant role in precipitating the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe, mainly through demonstrations starting from St. Nicholas Church. The immediate effects of the reunification of Germany included the collapse of the local economy, which had come to depend on highly polluting heavy industry, severe unemployment, and urban blight. Starting around 2000, however, decline was first arrested and then reversed. Leipzig has undergone significant change with the restoration of major historical buildings, the demolition of derelict properties of little historical value, and the development of new industries and a modern transport infrastructure.Leipzig today is an economic centre, the most livable city in Germany, according to the GfK marketing research institution and has the second-best future prospects of all cities in Germany, according to HWWI and Berenberg Bank. The city is one of two seats of the German National Library (together with Frankfurt), as well as the seat of the German Federal Administrative Court. Leipzig Zoo is one of the most modern zoos in Europe and ranks first in Germany and second in Europe according to Anthony Sheridan. Since the opening of the Leipzig City Tunnel in 2013, Leipzig forms the centrepiece of the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland public transit system. Leipzig is currently listed as a Gamma World City, Germany's \"Boomtown\" and as the European City of the Year 2019.Leipzig has long been a major centre for music, both classical as well as modern \"dark alternative music\" or darkwave genres. The Oper Leipzig is one of the most prominent opera houses in Germany. Leipzig is also home to the University of Music and Theatre \"Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy\". It was during a stay in this city that Friedrich Schiller wrote his poem \"Ode to Joy\". The Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, established in 1743, is one of the oldest symphony orchestras in the world. Johann Sebastian Bach is one among many major composers who lived and worked in Leipzig.", "Q6747415": "The Manchester Grammar School (MGS) in Manchester, England, is the largest independent day school for boys in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1515 as a free grammar school next to Manchester Parish Church, it moved in 1931 to its present site at Fallowfield. In accordance with its founder's wishes, MGS has remained a predominantly academic school and belongs to the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.\nIn the post-war period, MGS was a direct-grant grammar school. It chose to become an independent school in 1976 after the Labour government abolished the Direct Grant System. Fees for 2016\u20132017 were \u00a311,970 per annum.", "Q665416": "Alfred Mossman Landon (September 9, 1887 \u2013 October 12, 1987) was an American politician from the Republican Party. He served as the twenty-sixth Governor of Kansas from 1933 to 1937. He was the Republican Party's nominee in the 1936 presidential election, but was defeated in a landslide by incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt who won the electoral college vote 523 to 8.\nBorn in West Middlesex, Pennsylvania, Landon spent most of his childhood in Marietta, Ohio before moving to Kansas. After graduating from the University of Kansas, he became an independent oil producer in Lawrence, Kansas. His business made him a millionaire, and he became a leader of the liberal Republicans in Kansas. Landon won election as Governor of Kansas in 1932 and sought to reduce taxes and balance the budget in the midst of the Great Depression. He supported many components of the New Deal but criticized some aspects that he found inefficient.\nThe 1936 Republican National Convention selected Landon as the Republican Party's presidential nominee. He proved to be an ineffective campaigner and carried just two states in the election. After the election, he left office as governor and never sought public office again. Later in life, he supported the Marshall Plan and President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society programs. He gave the first in a series of lectures, now known as the Landon Lecture Series, at Kansas State University. Landon lived to the age of 100 and died in Topeka, Kansas, in 1987. His daughter, Nancy Kassebaum, represented Kansas in the United States Senate from 1978 to 1997.", "Q85025": "Lisbeth Zwerger (born 1954) is an Austrian illustrator of children's books. For her \"lasting contribution to children's literature\" she received the international Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1990.Zwerger was born in Vienna in 1954. She studied 1971 to 1974 at the Applied Arts Academy of Vienna, but left before completing the course of studies. She married English artist John Rowe. Since the publication of her first illustrated book in 1977 she has worked as a freelance picture book illustrator in Vienna, specializing in fairy tales.\nMichael Neugebauer Verlag published Zwerger's first book, Das Fremde Kind in 1977. Zwerger continued to work with Neugebauer, who also occasionally contributed to the lettering and book design.Her style is similar to that of English illustrators of the 19th century and she acknowledges being influenced by the work of Arthur Rackham.\n\n", "Q1072120": "The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is a multilateral export control regime. It is an informal political understanding among 35 member states that seek to limit the proliferation of missiles and missile technology. The regime was formed in 1987 by the G-7 industrialized countries. The MTCR seeks to limit the risks of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) by controlling exports of goods and technologies that could make a contribution to delivery systems (other than manned aircraft) for such weapons. In this context, the MTCR places particular focus on rockets and unmanned aerial vehicles capable of delivering a payload of at least 500 kg (1,100 lb) to a range of at least 300 km (190 miles) and on equipment, software, and technology for such systems. \nThe MTCR is not a treaty and does not impose any legally binding obligations on Partners (members). Rather, it is an informal political understanding among states that seek to limit the proliferation of missiles and missile technology.", "Q1629419": "Russell Gilbrook (born 17 May 1964) is the latest drummer for the British rock band, Uriah Heep.Over the last few years Gilbrook has been establishing himself on the UK clinic tour scene. He has supported artists such as Greg Bissonette and completed a tour with Liberty DeVitto. He has worked/toured with Chris Barber and his band and also Alan Price, on whose album, Liberty, Gilbrook featured. He also replaced Cozy Powell in Bedlam (where he played with the brothers Dave and Denny Ball, plus singer Frank Aiello). Gilbrook has also played with Pete Bardens and featured on one of his albums.\nGilbrook has also worked with Tony Iommi, Lonnie Donegan, John Farnham, Van Morrison and Tobias Sammet.\nGilbrook teaches on the musician's channel on Sky Television and holds a position at the Brighton Institute of Modern Music and has published several teaching guides. He has demonstrated specialist drum clinics across Europe. He claims, though, that a rimshot cannot be used on a tom drum, just snares only. For the last few years he has also drummed with the Essex based covers band, Expos\u00e9, with Dave Moore (vocals), Pete Finch (keyboards), Alan Montague (Bass) and Ben Newton (guitar).\nGilbrook has co-designed, with Marrell Drums, the bass drum beaters that he plays. He uses British Drum Company drums, Code drumheads, Baskey Drum Mats and Rug Lugs, Paiste cymbals and Pellwood drumsticks.\nIn 2012, it was announced that Gilbrook would be the drummer in the 2013 album of the metal opera project Avantasia, called The Mystery of Time.", "Q4707648": "Pankow (German pronunciation: [\u02c8pa\u014bko]) is a locality (Ortsteil) of Berlin in the district (Bezirk) of Pankow. Until 2001 it was an autonomous district with the localities of Karow, Niedersch\u00f6nhausen, Wilhelmsruh, Rosenthal, Blankenfelde, Buch and Franz\u00f6sisch Buchholz.", "Q95236": "Klausbernd Vollmar (born 22 November 1946) is a German scientific psychologist (Diplompsychologe) specializing in the language of symbols in dreams, art and advertisements.\nVollmar was born in Remscheid, Germany. He studied German literature, linguistics, philosophy and geography at the Ruhr-University in Germany and McGill University in Montreal. After his degrees he was awarded a research scholarship by the Canada Council at McGill University. He worked as editor in chief of different papers and magazines, as director (theatre and films) and for the Goethe-Institut (the international German culture institution) in Finland.\nIn the 1970s he returned to university to study psychology. He was a student of the countess Olga von Ungern-Sternberg (a direct student of C. G. Jung). He undertook anthropological studies in Asia and the Arctic, about which he wrote in his novel \u201cWasserberg and his Arctic Diary.\nLater he ran bookshops in Cologne, worked in the publication department of the Findhorn community, Scotland and was a member of an English Gurdjieff group.\nSince the end of the 1980s he has lived on the Norfolk coast, writing mostly non-fiction books for international publishing houses and working for radio and television. His main subject is the language of symbols, dreams and the impact of colour on our lives. Besides that he is known as a specialist for the Arctic. He published several articles about the concept of the north and the picture of the Inuit in literature and film.\nHis books are translated in 15 languages. Apart from the books about creativity and personal development he wrote the German standard encyclopedia of symbols in dreams and the first German encyclopedia of colour in history, art and printing.", "Q274934": "Judy Norton-Taylor (born January 29, 1958) is an American actress and theater director who is best known for her role as Mary Ellen Walton on The Waltons television series and subsequent Waltons TV movies.\n\n", "Q733122": "James Ronald Gordon Copeland (born 27 October 1947), known professionally as James Cosmo, is a Scottish actor known for his appearances in films including Highlander, Braveheart, Trainspotting, Troy, The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Ben-Hur and Wonder Woman, as well as television series such as Game of Thrones, Sons of Anarchy, and His Dark Materials. On 3 January 2017 Cosmo entered the nineteenth series of Celebrity Big Brother; on Day 19 of the series he won a pass to the final on 3 February 2017 and finished in fourth place.", "Q32937": "Damian Siguenza, known by his stage name, Domino (born November 9, 1970), is an American record producer, manager, DJ, and one of the members of the Oakland, California-based underground hip hop collective, Hieroglyphics.", "Q946832": "Tilman Hoppstock (born 1961) is a classical guitarist, cellist and musicologist from Germany.", "Q91050": "S\u00f6nke M\u00f6hring (born 12 October 1972) is a German actor.", "Q436784": "Joel Albert McCrea (November 5, 1905 \u2013 October 20, 1990) was an American actor whose career spanned almost five decades, appearing in over one hundred films. These films include Alfred Hitchcock's espionage thriller Foreign Correspondent (1940), Preston Sturges' comedy classics Sullivan's Travels (1941), and The Palm Beach Story (1942), the romance film Bird of Paradise (1932), the adventure classic The Most Dangerous Game (1932), Gregory La Cava's bawdy comedy Bed of Roses (1933), George Stevens' romantic comedy The More the Merrier (1943), William Wyler's These Three, Come and Get It (both 1936) and Dead End (1937), Howard Hawks' Barbary Coast (1935), and a number of western films, including Wichita (1955) as Wyatt Earp and Sam Peckinpah's Ride the High Country (1962), opposite Randolph Scott.\nWith the exception of the British thriller film Rough Shoot (1953), McCrea appeared in Western films exclusively from 1946 until his retirement in 1976.", "Q4357288": "Cecil Howard Green KBE (August 6, 1900 \u2013 April 11, 2003) was a British-born American geophysicist who trained at the University of British Columbia and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.\nHe was a founder of Texas Instruments. With his wife Ida Green, he was a philanthropist who helped found the University of Texas at Dallas, Green College at the University of British Columbia, St. Mark's School of Texas, and Green College at the University of Oxford. They were also major contributors to the Cecil H. Green Library at Stanford University, the Cecil H. & Ida Green Graduate and Professional Center at the Colorado School of Mines, the Cecil H. & Ida Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at the University of California San Diego, and the Cecil & Ida Green Building for earth sciences at MIT (designed by I.M. Pei).", "Q367784": "Sumner Sewall (June 17, 1897 \u2013 January 25, 1965) was a U.S. Republican politician and airline executive who served as the 58th Governor of Maine from 1941 to 1945. He began his aviation career during World War I as a fighter ace.", "Q53305": "Carl Johan Gustaf Swartz (5 June 1858 \u2013 6 November 1926) was a Swedish right-wing politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 30 March 1917 to 19 October 1917. He also served as Minister for Finance from 1906 to 1911. He married Dagmar Lundstr\u00f6m in 1886, with whom he had three children, Erik, Brita and Olof.", "Q44679": "Australian English (AuE; en-AU) is the set of varieties of the English language native to Australia. Although English has no official status in the Constitution, Australian English is the country's national and de facto official language as it is the first language of the majority of the population.\nAustralian English began to diverge from British English after the First Settlers, who set up the Colony of New South Wales, arrived in 1788. By 1820, their speech was recognised as being different from British English. Australian English arose from the intermingling of early settlers, who were from a great variety of mutually intelligible dialectal regions of Great Britain and Ireland, and quickly developed into a distinct variety of English which differs considerably from most other varieties of English in vocabulary, accent, pronunciation, register, grammar and spelling.", "Q458049": "Lilli Promet (16 February 1922 \u2013 16 February 2007) was an Estonian author.", "Q126006": "Johann Knief (20 April 1880 \u2013 6 April 1919) was a German communist editor and politician from Bremen.", "Q55760": "Govind Sakharam Sardesai (17 May 1865 \u2013 29 November 1959), popularly known as Riyasatkar Sardesai, was a historian from Maharashtra, India.\nThrough his Riyasats written in Marathi, Sardesai presented an account of over 1,000 years of the Indian history until 1848. He also wrote the three-volume New History of Marathas in English.\nSardesai's work was recognised with a Padma Bhushan award from the Government of India in 1957.", "Q32923": "Rituparno Ghosh (31 August 1963 \u2013 30 May 2013) was an Indian film director, actor, writer and lyricist. After pursuing a degree in economics, he started his career as a creative artist at an advertising agency. He received recognition for his second feature film Unishe April which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film. Having won 19 National Awards, along with his contemporaries Aparna Sen and Goutam Ghose, Rituparno heralded contemporary Bengali cinema to greater heights. Ghosh died on 30 May 2013 in Kolkata after a heart attack. Ghosh was also one of the openly queer personalities in Indian culture.\nGhosh was influenced by the works of Satyajit Ray and was an avid reader of Rabindranath Tagore. Tagore's work is frequently referenced to in his films. He also made a documentary titled Jeevan Smriti on the life of Tagore. In his career spanning almost two decades, he won 12 National and numerous International awards. His unreleased Bengali movie Sunglass (also known as Taak Jhaank) was honoured and released at the 19th Kolkata International Film Festival.", "Q86538": "Ota Filip (9 March 1930 \u2013 2 March 2018) was a Czech novelist and journalist. He wrote in both German and Czech.", "Q436790": "Horace Greeley (February 3, 1811 \u2013 November 29, 1872) was an American newspaper editor and publisher who was the founder and editor of the New-York Tribune, among the great newspapers of its time. Long active in politics, he served briefly as a congressman from New York, and was the unsuccessful candidate of the new Liberal Republican party in the 1872 presidential election against incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant, who won by a landslide.\nGreeley was born to a poor family in Amherst, New Hampshire. He was apprenticed to a printer in Vermont and went to New York City in 1831 to seek his fortune. He wrote for or edited several publications and involved himself in Whig Party politics, taking a significant part in William Henry Harrison's successful 1840 presidential campaign. The following year, he founded the Tribune, which became the highest-circulating newspaper in the country through weekly editions sent by mail. Among many other issues, he urged the settlement of the American West, which he saw as a land of opportunity for the young and the unemployed. He popularized the slogan \"Go West, young man, and grow up with the country.\" He endlessly promoted utopian reforms such as socialism, vegetarianism, agrarianism, feminism, and temperance while hiring the best talent he could find.\nGreeley's alliance with William H. Seward and Thurlow Weed led to him serving three months in the House of Representatives, where he angered many by investigating Congress in his newspaper. In 1854, he helped found and may have named the Republican Party. Republican newspapers across the nation regularly reprinted his editorials. During the Civil War, he mostly supported Lincoln, though he urged the president to commit to the end of slavery before he was willing to do so. After Lincoln's assassination, he supported the Radical Republicans in opposition to President Andrew Johnson. He broke with Republican President Ulysses Grant because of corruption and Greeley's sense that Reconstruction policies were no longer needed.\nGreeley was the new Liberal Republican Party's presidential nominee in 1872. He lost in a landslide despite having the additional support of the Democratic Party. He was devastated by the death of his wife five days before the election and died himself one month later, before the Electoral College had met.", "Q254428": "Clifton is a city in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 84,136, retaining its position as the state's 11th-largest municipality, as the population increased by 5,464 (+6.9%) from the 78,672 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 6,930 (+9.7%) from the 71,742 counted in the 1990 Census.Clifton was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 26, 1917, replacing Acquackanonk Township, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier. Clifton is listed under five different ZIP Codes (07011 Main Avenue, 07012 Allwood, 07013, 07014 Delawanna and 07015).", "Q166422": "Richard Keith Johnson (30 July 1927 \u2013 5 June 2015) was an English actor, writer and producer, who starred in several British films of the 1960s and also had television roles and a distinguished stage career.\n\n", "Q1665613": "Charles Mitchell (born December 29, 1973), known professionally as Mitchy Slick, is an American rapper from San Diego, California. He is a member of the group Strong Arm Steady, along with rappers Phil Da Agony and Krondon. He performs solo with three albums released in addition to many collaborations. Mitchell is the CEO of Wrongkind Records, and is currently signed to FredB\u00f8Rec\u00f8rds.", "Q441518": "Henry Gassaway Davis (November 16, 1823 \u2013 March 11, 1916) was a millionaire and Senator from West Virginia. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1904. \nBorn on a farm in Howard County, Maryland, he became a railroad executive before branching out into coal mining and banking as founder of the Potomac and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company. Davis won election to both houses of the West Virginia Legislature before serving as U.S. Senator from 1871 to 1883. His younger brother, Thomas Beall Davis, also served in Congress. After his tenure in the Senate ended, Davis continued to grow his business interests. In partnership with son-in-law, Stephen Benton Elkins, Davis created the Davis Coal and Coke Company and led it to become one of the largest coal companies in the world.\nThe 1904 Democratic National Convention nominated a ticket of Alton B. Parker for president and Davis for vice president. Davis was chosen primarily for his ability to provide funding to the campaign. At 80 years old, he remains the oldest person to ever serve on a major party's national ticket. The Republican ticket of Theodore Roosevelt and Charles W. Fairbanks prevailed by a wide margin. After the election, Davis helped establish Davis & Elkins College, and he died in 1916.\n\n", "Q179502": "Jacek Maria Majchrowski (born 13 January 1947 in Sosnowiec) is a Polish politician and the current Mayor of the Royal Capital City of Krak\u00f3w since 2002 (reelected in 2006, 2010, 2014 and in 2018), a lawyer and historian, and a professor at Jagiellonian University.", "Q97435": "Jan-Hendrik Rootering (born 18 March 1950 in Wedingfeld near Flensburg) is a German-born operatic bass, son of the Dutch tenor Hendrikus Rootering from whom he had his first lessons. After further study at Hamburg's Musikhochschule he began singing minor roles with the Staatsoper Hamburg and made a debut at the Bayerischen Staatsoper M\u00fcnchen in 1982 as the Spirit Messenger in Die Frau ohne Schatten. In 1987 he received the title of Bayerischer Kammers\u00e4nger. Mr. Rootering was the bass soloist in the Beethoven Ninth Symphony conducted by Leonard Bernstein in celebration of the fall of the Berlin wall -- in the no-longer-divided city of Berlin -- at Christmastime 1989.\nHe can be seen as Fasolt on James Levine's The Ring of the Nibelung, and as the Speaker of the Temple on Wolfgang Sawallisch's The Magic Flute, and heard on two recital discs of Lieder by Richard Strauss and Hugo Wolf with pianist Herman Lechler.", "Q951382": "Mar\u00eda Luz Morales Godoy (La Coru\u00f1a, 1889 - Barcelona, 1980) was a pioneering Spanish cultural journalist and writer of the 20th century.\nShe was the first woman in Spain to direct a national newspaper, La Vanguardia, which she managed during the period of 1936 and 1937 at the beginning of the Guerra Civil Espa\u00f1ola.In 1939, she was detained for 40 days and was professionally unable to work because of Francoism. With the retorno de la democracia, she continued her work, collaborating with Diario de Barcelona until her death, at the age of 91. \nShe was instrumental in the incorporation of women for journalistic and literary activity in Espa\u00f1a del siglo XX.", "Q311606": "Daniel H. Wilson (born March 6, 1978) is a New York Times best-selling author, television host and robotics engineer. He currently resides in Portland, Oregon. His books include the award-winning humor titles How to Survive a Robot Uprising, Where's My Jetpack? and How to Build a Robot Army and the bestseller Robopocalypse.", "Q25287": "Gothenburg ( (listen); abbreviated Gbg; Swedish: G\u00f6teborg [j\u0153t\u025b\u02c8b\u0254rj] (listen)) is the second-largest city in Sweden, fifth-largest in the Nordic countries, and capital of the V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland County. It is situated by Kattegat, on the west coast of Sweden, and has a population of approximately 570,000 in the city proper and about 1 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area.Gothenburg was founded as a heavily fortified, primarily Dutch, trading colony, by royal charter in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus. In addition to the generous privileges (e.g. tax relaxation) given to his Dutch allies from the then-ongoing Thirty Years' War, the king also attracted significant numbers of his German and Scottish allies to populate his only town on the western coast. At a key strategic location at the mouth of the G\u00f6ta \u00e4lv, where Scandinavia's largest drainage basin enters the sea, the Port of Gothenburg is now the largest port in the Nordic countries.Gothenburg is home to many students, as the city includes the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology. Volvo was founded in Gothenburg in 1927. The original parent Volvo Group and the now separate Volvo Car Corporation are still headquartered on the island of Hisingen in the city. Other key companies are SKF and Astra Zeneca.\nGothenburg is served by G\u00f6teborg Landvetter Airport 30 km (19 mi) southeast of the city center. The smaller G\u00f6teborg City Airport, 15 km (9.3 mi) from the city center, was closed to regular airline traffic in 2015.\nThe city hosts the Gothia Cup, the world's largest youth football tournament, and the G\u00f6teborg Basketball Festival, Europe's largest youth basketball tournament, alongside some of the largest annual events in Scandinavia. The Gothenburg Film Festival, held in January since 1979, is the leading Scandinavian film festival with over 155,000 visitors each year. In summer, a wide variety of music festivals are held in the city, including the popular Way Out West Festival.", "Q78194": "Andreas Schwab (born 9 April 1973) is a German politician and member of the European Parliament for Germany. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party. Since 2009, he has been Of Counsel with CMS Hasche Sigle.", "Q83440": "Country music, also known as country and western (or simply country), and hillbilly music, is a genre of popular music that takes its roots from genres such as blues and old-time music, and various types of American folk music including Appalachian, Cajun, and the cowboy Western music styles of Red Dirt, New Mexico, Texas country, and Tejano. Its popularized roots originate in the Southern United States of the early 1920s.\nCountry music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyrics, and harmonies mostly accompanied by string instruments such as the African instrument banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas. Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.According to Lindsey Starnes, the term country music gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term hillbilly music; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century. In 2009 in the United States, country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.The term country music is used today to describe many styles and subgenres. The origins of country music are found in the folk music of working class Americans and/or blue-collar American life, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, cowboy songs, and the musical traditions of various groups of European immigrants and Southern African.\n\n", "Q55": "The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland [\u02c8ne\u02d0d\u0259rl\u0251nt] (listen)), informally Holland, is a country in Western Europe, along the North Sea coast. In Europe, it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom. Together with the Caribbean Netherlands, consisting of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba, it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The country's official language is Dutch, with English and Papiamentu as secondary official languages in the Caribbean Netherlands, and West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch Low Saxon and Limburgish are recognised regional languages (spoken in the east and southeast respectively), while Sinte Romani and Yiddish are recognised non-territorial languages.The four largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht. Amsterdam is the country's most populous city and nominal capital, while The Hague holds the seat of the States General, Cabinet and Supreme Court. The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe, and the busiest in any country outside Asia. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands, and the third busiest in Europe. The country is a founding member of the EU, Eurozone, G10, NATO, OECD and WTO, as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union. It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts, many of which are centered in The Hague, which is consequently dubbed 'the world's legal capital'.Netherlands literally means 'lower countries' in reference to its low elevation and flat topography, with only about 50% of its land exceeding 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) above sea level, and nearly 17% falling below sea level. Most of the areas below sea level, known as polders, are the result of land reclamation that began in the 16th century. Colloquially or informally the Netherlands are occasionally referred to by the pars pro toto Holland. With a population of 17.4 million people, all living within a total area of roughly 41,800 square kilometres (16,100 sq mi)\u2014of which the land area is 33,500 square kilometres (12,900 sq mi)\u2014the Netherlands is the 12th most densely populated country in the world and the 5th most densely populated country in Europe, with a density of 521 per square kilometre (1,350/sq mi). Nevertheless, it is the world's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products (after the United States), owing to its fertile soil, mild climate, intensive agriculture and inventiveness.The Netherlands has been a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a unitary structure since 1848. The country has a tradition of pillarisation and a long record of social tolerance, having legalised abortion, prostitution and human euthanasia, along with maintaining a liberal drug policy. The Netherlands abolished the death penalty in Civil Law in 1870. It stayed in the Law of war and Military Law. In the Second World War it was reintroduced for the Bijzonder Gerechtshof that dealt with war criminals. It was removed althogether from the Constitution in 1983. The Netherlands allowed women's suffrage in 1919, before becoming the world's first country to legalise same-sex marriage in 2001. Its mixed-market advanced economy had the thirteenth-highest per capita income globally. The Netherlands ranks among the highest in international indexes of press freedom, economic freedom, human development and quality of life, as well as happiness. In 2019, the Netherlands had the eleventh highest economy as measured by GDP per capita. In 2019, it ranked tenth on the human development index.", "Q6526047": "Leonardo Nam (born 5 November 1979) is an Argentine-Australian actor of Korean descent actor known for playing Felix Lutz in Westworld.", "Q748584": "Charles William Mumy Jr. (; born February 1, 1954) is an American actor and musician and a figure in the science-fiction community/comic book fandom. He came to prominence in the 1960s as a child actor, when he was credited as Billy Mumy\u2014an era which included his appearing on television in The Twilight Zone and Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and on film in Dear Brigitte, followed by an iconic three-season role as Will Robinson in the 1960s CBS sci-fi series Lost in Space.\nHe later appeared as lonely teenager Sterling North in the Disney film Rascal (1969) and Teft in the film Bless the Beasts and Children (1971).\nIn the 1990s, he performed the role of Lennier in all five seasons of the syndicated sci-fi TV series Babylon 5 and narrated A&E Network's Emmy Award-winning series Biography. \nMumy is also known for his musical career as a guitarist, singer, songwriter and composer: he is an Emmy nominee for original music in Adventures in Wonderland (1991). As a musician Mumy performs as a solo artist, an occasional guest performer, and as half of the duo Barnes & Barnes. From 1988 through the 90s he performed at the San Diego Comic-Con and other comics-related events as part of the band Seduction of the Innocent (named after the titular book by Fredric Wertham) along with Miguel Ferrer, Steve Leialoha, Max Allan Collins and John \"Chris\" Christensen. The band released one CD, The Golden Age.", "Q58244": "Haja Zainab Hawa Bangura (born 18 December 1959) is a Sierra Leonean politician and social activist. She currently serves as the Director-General of the United Nations Office at Nairobi(UNON). She was appointed as the Director-General by the United Nations Secretary-General Ant\u00f3nio Guterres in December 2018. She served as the second United Nations Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict with the rank of Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations from 2012 to 2017, in succession to the first holder of the post, Margot Wallstr\u00f6m. In 2017 she was succeeded by Pramila Patten.In 2007, Bangura became Sierra Leone's foreign minister in the government of President Ernest Bai Koroma of the All People's Congress (APC) Party. She was the second woman to serve in that post, following Shirley Gbujama who held that position from 1996 to 1997. She served as Minister of Health and Sanitation from 2010 to 2012.", "Q68387": "L'Isle is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Morges.", "Q180819": "Lev Vygotsky (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [v\u0268\u02c8\u0261otsk\u02b2\u026aj]; November 17 [O.S. November 5] 1896 \u2013 June 11, 1934) was a Soviet psychologist, the founder of an unfinished Marxist theory of human cultural and bio-social development, the \"cultural-historical psychology\" (although the phrase never actually occurred in Vygotsky's writings; sometimes also referred to as \"sociocultural theory\") and a \"science of Superman\", a new psychological theory of consciousness and its relationship to the development of higher psychological functions, as well as the leader of the Vygotsky Circle (also referred to as \"Vygotsky-Luria Circle\").\nDuring the early twenty-first century, several scholarly reevaluations of the popular version (sometimes disparagingly termed \"Vygotsky cult\", \"the cult of Vygotsky\", or even \"the cult of personality around Vygotsky\") of Vygotsky's legacy have been undertaken and are referred to as the \"revisionist revolution in Vygotsky Studies\". Vygotsky studies conducted within the framework of the \"revisionist turn\" during the 2010s revealed not only systematic and massive falsifications and distortions of Vygotsky's legacy, but also demonstrated a rapid decrease of this author's popularity in international scholarship that began in 2016\u20132017 and strikingly accelerated in 2018. This situation has been described as the \"Vygotsky bubble\" (\"\u043f\u0443\u0437\u044b\u0440\u044c \u0412\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\"; also, informally, the \"vygo_bubble\") and is a foundational crisis in global \"Vygotskiana\". The reasons of this crisis are not entirely clear yet and are being discussed in scholarly circles.", "Q731721": "The Plastic Ono Band was a rock band formed by John Lennon and Yoko Ono in 1969 for their collaborative and solo projects.\nLennon and Ono began a personal and artistic relationship in 1968, collaborating on several experimental releases. Following their marriage in 1969, they decided their future endeavours would be credited to a conceptual and collaborative vehicle, Plastic Ono Band. The band featured a rotating lineup of musicians including Eric Clapton, Klaus Voormann, Alan White, Billy Preston, Jim Keltner, Keith Moon, Delaney & Bonnie and Friends, and Lennon's former Beatles bandmates George Harrison and Ringo Starr. After the Lennons' move to New York, they collaborated with Elephant's Memory under the moniker of the \"Plastic Ono Elephant's Memory Band\". Lennon's collaborations continued under similar names, until the winding down of the concept in 1974.\nFrom 2009\u20132015 (29 years following the death of Lennon in 1980), Ono and her son Sean Lennon led a new incarnation of the group, the Yoko Ono Plastic Ono Band.", "Q69099": "Trimmis is a municipality in the Landquart Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.\n\n", "Q506121": "Jimmie Strimell (born 3 December 1980) is a Swedish singer and composer. He was the founding member, vocalist and main composer of Dead by April until March 2013.\nAfter leaving Dead by April, Strimell rejoined Nightrage for their tour of Japan. Strimell rejoined Dead by April in April 2017, shortly after Christoffer Andersson's departure from the band. In March 2020, he was released from the band for a second time due to his ongoing drug and alcohol addiction.", "Q60903": "George Yury Right (born Yuri Leonidovich Nesterenko, Russian: \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, Russian pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u0289r\u02b2\u026a\u026a\u032f l\u02b2\u026a\u0250\u02c8n\u02b2id\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0361\u0255 n\u02b2\u026as\u02b2t\u02b2\u026a\u02c8r\u02b2enk\u0259]; born October 9, 1972) is a Russian American writer and antisexual activist.", "Q239820": "Riccoldo da Monte di Croce (Florence; c.\u20091243\u20131320) or Ricold of Monte Croce (Latin: Ricoldus de Monte Crucis) was an Italian Dominican friar, travel writer, missionary, and Christian apologist. He is most famous for his polemical works on Medieval Islam and the account of his missionary travels to Baghdad.", "Q51506": "Richard Samuel Attenborough, Baron Attenborough, (; 29 August 1923 \u2013 24 August 2014) was an English actor, filmmaker, entrepreneur, and politician. He was the President of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) and the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). Attenborough joined the Royal Air Force during the Second World War and served in the film unit. He went on several bombing raids over Europe and filmed action from the rear gunner's position. He was the older brother of Sir David Attenborough, a naturalist, documenter, and broadcaster, and John Attenborough, an executive at Alfa Romeo. He was married to actress Sheila Sim from 1945 until his death.\nAs a film director and producer, Attenborough won two Academy Awards for Gandhi in 1983, receiving awards for Best Picture and Best Director. The BFI ranked Gandhi the 34th greatest British film of the 20th century. He also won four BAFTA Awards and four Golden Globe Awards. As an actor, he is best known for his roles in Brighton Rock, The Great Escape, 10 Rillington Place, The Sand Pebbles, Doctor Dolittle (1967), Miracle on 34th Street (1994) and Jurassic Park.", "Q707293": "Paul Francis Kossoff (14 September 1950 \u2013 19 March 1976) was an English blues rock guitarist. He was most notably a member of the band Free.\nHe was ranked 51st in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time.", "Q174026": "Sierra Madre is a city in Los Angeles County, California whose population was 10,917 at the 2010 U.S. Census, up from 10,580 at the time of the 2000 U.S. Census. The city is in the foothills of the San Gabriel Valley below the southern edge of the Angeles National Forest. Pasadena and Altadena are to its west, with Arcadia to its south and east. Sierra Madre is known as \"Wisteria City\", and its city seal is decorated with a drawing of the now widely known 500-foot (150 m) vine. It is also called the \"Village of the Foothills\" and was an All-America City in 2007.", "Q41715": "Revalina Sayuthi Temat (born 26 November 1985) is an Indonesian actress. She was born in Jakarta, Indonesia. The daughter of Sayuti Temat, who is of Malay-Palembang descent, and Rachmaniar, who is of Minangkabau descent. She became popular after starring the soap opera Bawang Merah Bawang Putih in 2004.", "Q434839": "Edward Louis Bernays (; German: [b\u025b\u0250\u032f\u02c8na\u026as]; November 22, 1891 \u2212 March 9, 1995) was an Austrian-American pioneer in the field of public relations and propaganda, referred to in his obituary as \"the father of public relations\". Bernays was named one of the 100 most influential Americans of the 20th century by Life. He was the subject of a full length biography by Larry Tye called The Father of Spin (1999) and later an award-winning 2002 documentary for the BBC by Adam Curtis called The Century of the Self.\nHis best-known campaigns include a 1929 effort to promote female smoking by branding cigarettes as feminist \"Torches of Freedom\" and his work for the United Fruit Company connected with the CIA-orchestrated overthrow of the democratically elected Guatemalan government in 1954. He worked for dozens of major American corporations including Procter & Gamble and General Electric, and for government agencies, politicians, and non-profit organizations.\nOf his many books, Crystallizing Public Opinion (1923) and Propaganda (1928) gained special attention as early efforts to define and theorize the field of public relations. Citing works of writers such as Gustave Le Bon, Wilfred Trotter, Walter Lippmann, and his own double uncle Sigmund Freud, he described the masses as irrational and subject to herd instinct\u2014and outlined how skilled practitioners could use crowd psychology and psychoanalysis to control them in desirable ways.", "Q154490": "Jean-Jacques Annaud (born 1 October 1943) is a French film director, screenwriter and producer, best known for directing Quest for Fire (1981), The Name of the Rose (1986), The Bear (1988), The Lover (1992), Seven Years in Tibet (1997), Enemy at the Gates (2001), Black Gold (2011), and Wolf Totem (2015).\nAnnaud has received numerous awards for his work, including five C\u00e9sar Awards, one David di Donatello Award, and one National Academy of Cinema Award. Annaud's first film, Black and White in Color (1976), received an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.", "Q241025": "Johanna Selhorst \"Josie\" Maran (born May 8, 1978) is an American model, actress, and entrepreneur.", "Q345531": "William Averell Harriman (November 15, 1891 \u2013 July 26, 1986), better known as Averell Harriman, was an American Democratic politician, businessman, and diplomat. The son of railroad baron E. H. Harriman, he served as Secretary of Commerce under President Harry S. Truman and later as the 48th Governor of New York. He was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1952 and 1956, as well as a core member of the group of foreign policy elders known as \"The Wise Men\".\nWhile attending Groton School and Yale University, he made contacts that led to creation of a banking firm that eventually merged into Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.. He owned parts of various other companies, including Union Pacific Railroad, Merchant Shipping Corporation, and Polaroid Corporation. During the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harriman served in the National Recovery Administration and on the Business Advisory Council before moving into foreign policy roles. After helping to coordinate the Lend-Lease program, Harriman served as the ambassador to the Soviet Union and attended the major World War II conferences. After the war, he became a prominent advocate of George F. Kennan's policy of containment. He also served as Secretary of Commerce, and coordinated the implementation of the Marshall Plan.\nIn 1954, Harriman defeated Republican Senator Irving Ives to become the Governor of New York. He served a single term before his defeat by Nelson Rockefeller in the 1958 election. Harriman unsuccessfully sought the presidential nomination at the 1952 Democratic National Convention and the 1956 Democratic National Convention. Though Harriman had Truman's backing at the 1956 convention, the Democrats nominated Adlai Stevenson II in both elections.\nAfter his gubernatorial defeat, Harriman became a widely respected foreign policy elder within the Democratic Party. He helped negotiate the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty during President John F. Kennedy's administration and was deeply involved in the Vietnam War during the Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson administrations. After Johnson left office in 1969, Harriman affiliated with various organizations, including the Club of Rome and the Council on Foreign Relations.", "Q444306": "Katherine Lucy Bridget Burke (born 13 June 1964) is an English actress, comedian, writer, producer, and director. She achieved fame with her appearances on sketch shows such as French and Saunders (1988\u20131999) and her recurring role as Magda on the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous (1992\u20131996), as well as her frequent collaborations with fellow comedian Harry Enfield. For her portrayal of Valerie in the 1997 film Nil by Mouth, she won Best Actress at the Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for a BAFTA for Best Actress in a Leading Role.\nBurke made her film debut in the 1982 drama Scrubbers, and played Queen Mary I in the award-winning biographical film Elizabeth (1998). Her other film appearances include Sid and Nancy (1986), Dancing at Lughnasa (1998), This Year's Love (1999), Kevin & Perry Go Large (2000), The Martins (2001), Anita and Me (2002), and Once Upon a Time in the Midlands (2002). From 1999 to 2001, she starred as Linda La Hughes on the BBC sitcom Gimme Gimme Gimme, for which she received a British Comedy Award and two BAFTA nominations. Having spent most of the 2000s concentrating on her work as a theatre director, she returned to film roles in the 2010s with Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011), Pan (2015), and Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie (2016).", "Q2822439": "Accademia Nazionale d'Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico (translation: Silvio d'Amico National Academy of Dramatic Arts) is a national drama school in Rome, Italy. Founded in 1936 by the theatrical theorist, critic, and writer Silvio D'Amico, the academy is the only state school for the training of actors and directors. Funded jointly by the Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) and the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities, the Academy grants academic degrees equivalent to Bachelor of Arts as well as master's degrees. Its value comes from being the only school in Italy to be recognized by the Prime Minister / Department of Performing Arts and the Ministry of University and Scientific and Technological Research.", "Q94882": "Emir Kusturica (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0415\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430; born 24 November 1954) is a Serbian filmmaker, actor and musician. He also has French citizenship. He has been recognized for several internationally acclaimed feature films, as well as his projects in town-building. He has competed at the Cannes Film Festival on five occasions and won the Palme d'Or twice (for When Father Was Away on Business and Underground), as well as the Best Director prize for Time of the Gypsies. \nKusturica has also won a Silver Bear at the Berlin Film Festival for Arizona Dream and a Silver Lion at the Venice Film Festival for Black Cat, White Cat. In addition he was also named Commander of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.Since the mid-2000s, Kusturica's primary residence has been in Drvengrad, a town built for his film Life Is a Miracle, in the Mokra Gora region of Serbia. He had portions of the historic village reconstructed for the film. He has been a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska since 9 November 2011.", "Q711397": "Philippa York (born Robert Millar on 13 September 1958) is a Scottish journalist and former professional road racing cyclist.\nYork, who competed as Robert Millar, is one of Britain's most successful cyclists of all time. York won the \"King of the Mountains\" competition in the 1984 Tour de France and finished fourth overall. This success was the first time a British rider won a major Tour classification, and was unsurpassed as the highest Tour finish for a Briton for over 20 years until Bradley Wiggins was retrospectively placed third in the 2009 Tour de France. York rode the Tour de France eleven times, completing the race eight times.\nYork finished second in the 1987 Giro d'Italia and also won the King of the Mountains classification. This was the highest finish by a Briton in the Giro d'Italia until Chris Froome won the 2018 race. As well as the Giro second-place finish, York finished second in two other Grand Tours: the 1985 and 1986 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a. The second place at the 1985 Vuelta came after losing the leader's jersey on the penultimate stage, in what is widely thought to have been collusion by the Spanish-speaking teams. Further victories came at the 1985 Volta a Catalunya, the 1989 Tour of Britain and the 1990 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9.\nAfter retiring in 1995, York moved into journalism, as well as spending a year as a coach for British Cycling. She reduced her public commitments in 2000 following hostile stories regarding rumours of her gender transition, and after an appearance as Millar at the 2002 Commonwealth Games left public life altogether. In the 2010s, having transitioned to living as York, she returned to journalism, publishing under the name of Robert Millar until a decision to appear on television commentary and reveal her transition publicly in 2017.", "Q559343": "Alberto D'Ascola (Italian pronunciation: [al\u02c8b\u025brto \u02c8daskola]; born 4 July 1977), better known by his stage name Alborosie is an Italian-Jamaican reggae artist. He is sometimes called the \"Italian Reggae Ambassador.\"", "Q1804810": "Philip Stone (14 April 1924 \u2013 15 June 2003) was an English actor, well known for portraying film characters such as \"Pa\", the father of Alex DeLarge, in A Clockwork Orange; General Alfred Jodl in Hitler: The Last Ten Days; Delbert Grady in The Shining; and Captain Philip Blumburtt in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom. Stone's final film role was as the Bishop in The Baby of M\u00e2con.\nIn television, Stone is known for his roles as Detective-Sergeant Sowman in Coronation Street, Brigadier Davidson in The Rat Catchers and Sir John Gallagher in Justice.", "Q445018": "Mary Tomlinson (February 24, 1890 \u2013 April 10, 1975), known as Marjorie Main, was an American character actress and singer of the Classical Hollywood period, best known as a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player in the 1940s and 1950s, and for her role as Ma Kettle in ten Ma and Pa Kettle movies. Main started her career in vaudeville and theatre and appeared in films classics, such as Dead End (1937), The Women (1939), Dark Command (1940), The Shepherd of the Hills (1941), Meet Me in St. Louis (1944), and Friendly Persuasion (1956).\n\n", "Q3415": "Ancona (, also US: , Italian: [a\u014b\u02c8ko\u02d0na] (listen); Ancient Greek: \u1f08\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, romanized: Ank\u1e53n) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region in central Italy, with a population of around 101,997 as of 2015. Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona and of the region. The city is located 280 km (170 mi) northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic Sea, between the slopes of the two extremities of the promontory of Monte Conero, Monte Astagno and Monte Guasco.\nAncona is one of the main ports on the Adriatic Sea, especially for passenger traffic, and is the main economic and demographic centre of the region.", "Q388557": "Dexter Fletcher (born 31 January 1966) is an English actor and director. He has appeared in Guy Ritchie's Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels and the crime comedy Smoking Guns, as well as in television shows such as the comedy-drama Hotel Babylon, the HBO series Band of Brothers and, earlier in his career, the children's show Press Gang. He was also in the film Bugsy Malone. He had a short stint as a presenter on the third series of Channel 4's GamesMaster in 1993 and 1994.\nFletcher made his directorial debut with Wild Bill (2011), and also directed Sunshine on Leith (2013) and Eddie the Eagle (2015). He replaced Bryan Singer as director of Bohemian Rhapsody, a biopic about the band Queen, released in October 2018; due to DGA rules, he received executive producer credit. In 2019 he directed Rocketman, a film based on the life of Elton John.", "Q712": "Fiji ( (listen) FEE-jee; Fijian: Viti [\u02c8\u03b2it\u0283i]; Fiji Hindi: \u092b\u093c\u093f\u091c\u0940, Fij\u012b), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean about 1,100 nautical miles (2,000 km; 1,300 mi) northeast of New Zealand's North Island. Its closest neighbours are Vanuatu to the west, New Caledonia to the southwest, New Zealand's Kermadec Islands to the southeast, Tonga to the east, the Samoas and France's Wallis and Futuna to the northeast, and Tuvalu to the north. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands\u2014of which about 110 are permanently inhabited\u2014and more than 500 islets, amounting to a total land area of about 18,300 square kilometres (7,100 sq mi). The most outlying island is Ono-i-Lau. The two major islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, account for 87% of the total population of 883,483. The capital, Suva, on Viti Levu, serves as the country's principal cruise-ship port. About three-quarters of Fijians live on Viti Levu's coasts, either in Suva or in smaller urban centres such as Nadi\u2014where tourism is the major local industry\u2014or Lautoka, where the sugar-cane industry is paramount. Due to its terrain, the interior of Viti Levu is sparsely inhabited.The majority of Fiji's islands formed through volcanic activity starting around 150 million years ago. Some geothermal activity still occurs today, on the islands of Vanua Levu and Taveuni. The geothermal systems on Viti Levu are non-volcanic in origin, with low-temperature (c. 35\u201360 degrees Celsius) surface discharges. Sabeto Hot Springs near Nadi is a good example. Humans have lived in Fiji since the second millennium BC\u2014first Austronesians and later Melanesians, with some Polynesian influences. Europeans visited Fiji from the 17th century onwards, and, after a brief period as an independent kingdom, the British established the Colony of Fiji in 1874. Fiji operated as a Crown colony until 1970, when it gained independence as the Dominion of Fiji. A military government declared a Republic in 1987 following a series of coups d'\u00e9tat. In a coup in 2006, Commodore Frank Bainimarama seized power. When the High Court ruled the military leadership unlawful in 2009, President Ratu Josefa Iloilo, whom the military had retained as the nominal Head of State, formally abrogated the 1997 Constitution and re-appointed Bainimarama as interim Prime Minister. Later in 2009, Ratu Epeli Nailatikau succeeded Iloilo as President. After years of delays, a democratic election took place on 17 September 2014. Bainimarama's FijiFirst party won 59.2% of the vote, and international observers deemed the election credible.Fiji has one of the most developed economies in the Pacific due to abundant forest, mineral, and fish resources. The currency is the Fijian dollar with the main sources of foreign exchange being the tourist industry, remittances from Fijians working abroad, and bottled water exports. The Ministry of Local Government and Urban Development supervises Fiji's local government, which takes the form of city and town councils.", "Q93135": "Shi-Kuo Chang (Chinese: \u5f35\u7cfb\u570b; pinyin: Zh\u0101ng X\u00ecg\u016bo; Wade\u2013Giles: Chang1 Hsi4-kuo1) is a computer scientist and writer famous for his science fiction writing. Chang was born in Chongqing in 1944 and grew up in Taiwan. After graduating from National Taiwan University, he first came to the United States in 1966 as a student at University of California, Berkeley, in Computer Science. He teaches computer science at the University of Pittsburgh.", "Q83326": "B\u00e9la Viktor J\u00e1nos Bart\u00f3k (; Hungarian: Bart\u00f3k B\u00e9la, pronounced [\u02c8b\u0252rto\u02d0k \u02c8be\u02d0l\u0252]; 25 March 1881 \u2013 26 September 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist. He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century; he and Franz Liszt are regarded as Hungary's greatest composers (Gillies 2001). Through his collection and analytical study of folk music, he was one of the founders of comparative musicology, which later became ethnomusicology.", "Q57611": "Jadranka Kosor (pronounced [j\u01cedra\u02d0nka k\u0254\u0302s\u0254r]; born 1 July 1953) is a Croatian politician and former journalist who served as Prime Minister of Croatia from 2009 to 2011, having taken office following the sudden resignation of her predecessor Ivo Sanader. Kosor was the first and so far only woman to become prime minister of Croatia since independence.Kosor started working as a journalist, following her graduation from Zagreb Faculty of Law. During the Croatian War of Independence, she hosted a radio show dealing with refugee problems and disabled war veterans. She joined the centre-right Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) in 1989 and quickly climbed up the party hierarchy. In 1995 she was elected party vice-president and was elected to serve in Parliament for the first time. After the death of President and longtime HDZ leader Franjo Tu\u0111man, Kosor supported Ivo Sanader's successful party leadership bid in 2000. Three years later, her party won the parliamentary election and Kosor became the Minister of Family, Veterans' Affairs and Inter-generational Solidarity in the Sanader I and, later, Sanader II cabinet, during which time she served as Deputy Prime Minister as well. In the 2005 presidential election she ran as a representative of HDZ, but lost to incumbent President Stipe Mesi\u0107 in the second round. After the abrupt resignation of Sanader, Kosor managed to form a functioning parliamentary majority and was approved to her new post as Prime Minister in July 2009, also becoming leader of her party. Kosor was the party's candidate for Prime Minister in the 2011 general election, but HDZ lost in a landslide over the centre-left Kukuriku coalition, led by the Social Democratic Party. Kosor handed power to the new Prime Minister, Zoran Milanovi\u0107, in December 2011.\nAs Prime Minister, Kosor failed to commit to structural reforms although she managed to prevent country's budgetary meltdown with two budget revisions and the introduction of new taxes as a response to the ongoing economic crisis. During her tenure, she strongly advocated a zero-tolerance policy to political corruption and organized crime. This uncompromising stance, along with the new criminal code passed before her term began, opened the door to unprecedented efforts to combat corruption. This resulted in numerous arrests of influential business-people and politicians from across the political spectrum, although most of them members of HDZ, which severely damaged the party's reputation. The discoveries made by prosecutors were far-reaching and criminal charges were even raised against former Prime Minister Ivo Sanader and Deputy Prime Minister Damir Polan\u010dec, who would later be charged with lengthy prison sentences for criminal activity and abuse of power. In foreign policy, Kosor and her Slovenian counterpart Borut Pahor were successful in solving the long-standing border dispute and she is credited with successfully finishing the negotiating process of the Croatian accession to the European Union. On 9 December 2011, she and President Ivo Josipovi\u0107 signed the EU Treaty of Accession in Brussels. A moderate conservative, Kosor ran for another term as party leader after losing the election, however, was defeated by the more conservative Tomislav Karamarko. After months of criticizing his leadership and the new party platform, she was expelled from HDZ by the party's High Court for damaging the party's reputation.", "Q248767": "Sir John Marks Templeton (29 November 1912 \u2013 8 July 2008) was an American-born British investor, banker, fund manager, and philanthropist. In 1954, he entered the mutual fund market and created the Templeton Growth Fund. In 1999, Money magazine named him \"arguably the greatest global stock picker of the century.\"", "Q735221": "Luigi Pistilli (19 July 1929 \u2013 21 April 1996) was an Italian actor of stage, screen, and television.At one time Luigi Pistilli was one of Italy's most respected actors of stage, screen, and television. In theater, was considered one of the country's finest interpreters of Bertolt Brecht's plays in The Threepenny Opera and St Joan of the Stockyards.He is known to Italian horror movie buffs mainly for his three 1972 thrillers Twitch of the Death Nerve, Iguana with the Tongue of Fire and Your Vice is a Locked Room and Only I Have the Key. Pistilli committed suicide in 1996 at age 66.", "Q87140": "Nataly von Eschstruth (17 May 1860, Hofgeismar, Electorate of Hesse \u2013 1 December 1939, Schwerin) was the pen name of the German novelist Nataly von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff.", "Q1040186": "Carl Dean Radle (June 18, 1942 \u2013 May 30, 1980) was an American bassist who toured and recorded with many of the most influential recording artists of the late 1960s and 1970s. He was posthumously inducted to the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame in 2006.Radle was best known for his long association with Eric Clapton, starting in 1969 with Delaney and Bonnie and Friends and continuing in 1970 with Derek and the Dominos, recording with drummer Jim Gordon, guitarist Duane Allman, and keyboardist Bobby Whitlock. In 1970 Radle joined Joe Cocker's Mad Dogs and Englishmen tour. He worked on all of Clapton's solo projects from 1970 until 1979 and was a member of Clapton's touring band, Eric Clapton & His Band, from 1974 to 1979. Radle was instrumental in facilitating Clapton's return to recording and touring in 1974. During Clapton's three-year hiatus, Radle furnished him with a supply of tapes of musicians with whom he had been working. Dick Sims and Jamie Oldaker were the core of Clapton's band during the 1970s. Radle served as more than a sideman, acting also as arranger on several songs, notably \"Motherless Children\". Radle earned credit as an associate producer of Clapton's album No Reason to Cry.\nRadle was a session musician for many of the most famous blues rock and rock and roll artists in the 1970s, including Rita Coolidge and Kris Kristofferson. He appeared in the film The Concert for Bangladesh; recordings from that concert were released as an album in 1972. Over the two-year period before the release of the album The Concert for Bangladesh, Radle recorded albums with Dave Mason, J.J. Cale, George Harrison, Joe Cocker, Leon Russell, and Buddy Guy, among others. He was the bass player in Gary Lewis & the Playboys when they appeared on the Mike Douglas Show. He can be seen in Martin Scorsese's 1978 film The Last Waltz, which documented the final concert of The Band, held in 1976.\nOver the course of his career, Radle played on a number of gold and platinum singles and albums and garnered the respect of many musicians. His bass lines were often simple and repetitive, but always with the purpose of supporting the song.Radle was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and died at his home in Claremore in May 1980 from a kidney infection, exacerbated by the effects of alcohol and narcotics; he was 37.", "Q693394": "Petko Iurdanov Todorov (Elena, September 26, 1879 \u2013 February 14, 1916, Ch\u00e2teau-d'\u0152x) \u2013 a Bulgarian writer, journalist, dramatist, poet and critic.\nHe is cited as the originator of the Romantic short story in Bulgaria although it is true only for his earlier texts because he soon progressed to deeper and newer psychological observations and experimental techniques as interior monologue.As part of the intellectual circle \u2018Misal\u2019 (Thought) he worked along some of the greatest Bulgarian writers of the late 19th and early 20th century as Pencho Slaveykov and Peyo Yavorov who were his close friends. Together they put a considerable effort to modernize Bulgarian literature through contemporary philosophic, ethic and aesthetic ideas and are cited as the originators of modernism in the country; they are also associated with philosophical individualism.Petko Todorov was born in a prominent Bulgarian National Revival family (a relative of Stoyan Mihaylovski, the nephew of religious leader Stoyan Mihaylovski, better known as Ilarion Makariopolski). Initially influenced by the ideas of socialism, lately he revised his understandings. He studied law in Bern and literature in Leipzig, travelled through France, Germany, Switzerland, Russia, Italy, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Ukraine, and focused on his literary career after the first years of the 20th century. Among his preferred authors were Alexander Pushkin, Leo Tolstoy, Mikhail Lermontov and Gustave Flaubert among others. An important influence was Henrik Ibsen and through Todorov he exercised a strong impact on contemporary Bulgarian drama.While Slaveykov and Yavorov were most famous as poets, Todorov turned into the par excellence representative of modernist prose and drama in the country. Todorov interweaved the fantastic with the realistic, placing an emphasis on folklore poetic, and is best known for his stylistically brilliance in the short stories \u2018Idilii\u2019 (Idylls, 1908) and his dramas \u2018Zidari\u2019 (The Builders also known as Masons, 1902) and \u2018Zmeyova svatba\u2019 (Zmei\u2019s Wedding, 1910). Among his best known stories are: \u2018Ovchari\u2019 (Shepherds); \u2018Mechkar\u2019 (Bear-Ward); \u2018Slunchova zhenitba\u2019 (Sun\u2019s Wedding); \u2018Nesretnik\u2019 (Unfortunute); \u2018A Memory\u2019 (Spomen); \u2018Orisnitzi\u2019 (Fates); \u2018Senokos\u2019 (Haymaking).", "Q1202": "Saxony (German: Sachsen [\u02cczaksn\u0329] (listen); Upper Sorbian: Sakska; Czech: Sasko; Polish: Saksonia), officially the Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen [\u02c8f\u0281a\u026a\u032f\u0283ta\u02d0t \u02c8zaksn\u0329], Upper Sorbian: Swobodny stat Sakska), is a landlocked federal state of Germany, bordering the federal states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland (Lower Silesian and Lubusz Voivodeships) and the Czech Republic (Karlovy Vary, Liberec, and \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem Regions). Its capital is Dresden, and its largest city is Leipzig.\nSaxony is the tenth largest of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of 18,413 square kilometres (7,109 sq mi), and the sixth most populous, with 4 million people.\nThe history of the state of Saxony spans more than a millennium. It has been a medieval duchy, an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, a kingdom, and twice a republic.\nThe area of the modern state of Saxony should not be confused with Old Saxony, the area inhabited by Saxons. Old Saxony corresponds roughly to the modern German states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and the Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia.", "Q128995": "Robert Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon, (12 June 1897 \u2013 14 January 1977) was a British Conservative politician who served three periods as Foreign Secretary and then a relatively brief term as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1955 to 1957.\nAchieving rapid promotion as a young Member of Parliament, he became Foreign Secretary aged 38, before resigning in protest at Neville Chamberlain's appeasement policy towards Mussolini's Italy. He again held that position for most of the Second World War, and a third time in the early 1950s. Having been deputy to Winston Churchill for almost 15 years, he succeeded him as the leader of the Conservative Party and prime minister in April 1955, and a month later won a general election.\nEden's worldwide reputation as an opponent of appeasement, a \"man of peace\", and a skilled diplomat was overshadowed in 1956 when the United States refused to support the Anglo-French military response to the Suez Crisis, which critics across party lines regarded as an historic setback for British foreign policy, signalling the end of British predominance in the Middle East. Most historians argue that he made a series of blunders, especially not realising the depth of American opposition to military action. Two months after ordering an end to the Suez operation, he resigned as prime minister on grounds of ill health and because he was widely suspected of having misled the House of Commons over the degree of collusion with France and Israel.Eden is generally ranked among the least successful British prime ministers of the 20th century, although two broadly sympathetic biographies (in 1986 and 2003) have gone some way to shifting the balance of opinion. Biographer D. R. Thorpe described the Suez Crisis as \"a truly tragic end to his premiership, and one that came to assume a disproportionate importance in any assessment of his career.\"\n\n", "Q5897543": "Hood film is a film genre originating in the United States, which features aspects of urban African-American or Hispanic-American culture such as hip hop music, street gangs, honor killings, racial discrimination, organized crime, gangster, gang affiliation scenes, gangsta rap, broken families, drug use and trafficking, illegal immigration into the United States and the problems of young people coming of age or struggling amid the relative poverty and violent gang activity within such neighborhoods.", "Q440160": "Fran\u00e7ois Laurent le Vieux d'Arlandes (French pronunciation: \u200b[f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa lo\u0281\u0251\u0303 l\u0259 vj\u00f8 da\u0281l\u0251\u0303d]; 1742 \u2013 1 May 1809) was a French marquis, soldier and a pioneer of hot air ballooning. He and Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Pil\u00e2tre de Rozier made the first manned free balloon flight on 21 November 1783, in a Montgolfier balloon.\nD'Arlandes was born in Anneyron in the Dauphin\u00e9. He met Joseph Montgolfier at the Jesuit college of Tournon. He became an infantry officer in the French royal guard.\nThe first public demonstration of a balloon by the Montgolfier brothers took place in June 1783, and was followed by an untethered flight of a sheep, a cockerel and a duck from the front courtyard of the Palace of Versailles on 19 September. The French King Louis XVI decided that the first manned flight would contain two condemned criminals, but de Rozier enlisted the help of the Duchess de Polignac to support his view that the honour of becoming first balloonists should belong to someone of higher status, and d'Arlandes agreed to accompany him. The King was persuaded to permit d'Arlandes and de Rozier to become the first pilots.\nAfter several tethered tests to gain some experience of controlling the balloon, de Rozier and d'Arlandes made their first untethered flight in a Montgolfier hot air balloon on 21 November 1783, taking off at 1:54 p.m. from the garden of the Ch\u00e2teau de la Muette in the Bois de Boulogne, in the presence of the King. Also watching was U.S. envoy, Benjamin Franklin. Their 25-minute flight travelled slowly about 5\u00bd miles (some 9 km) to the southeast, attaining an altitude of 3,000 feet, before returning to the ground at the Butte-aux-Cailles, then on the outskirts of Paris. After the flight, the pilots drank champagne to celebrate the flight, a tradition carried on by balloonists to this day.\nD'Arlandes proposed a flight to cross the English Channel in 1784, but the plan came to nothing.\nHe was dismissed from the army for cowardice after the French Revolution, and died in his castle of Saleton near Anneyron. Some sources suggest that he committed suicide.", "Q1250339": "Dorothy Schiff (March 11, 1903 \u2013 August 30, 1989) was an American businesswoman who was the owner and then publisher of the New York Post for nearly 40 years. She was a granddaughter of financier Jacob Schiff. Schiff was interested in social services and reform, and was involved in several welfare groups.\n\n", "Q2480363": "Jes\u00fas Federico Reyes-Heroles Gonz\u00e1lez Garza is a Mexican economist and politician. He is a member of PRI and co-founder and executive president of \"Grupo de Economistas y Asociados\" (GEA), a consulting firm that has become the first independent organization dedicated to political and economic analysis. He holds a B.A. in Economics from ITAM and a Ph.D. in Economics from MIT.", "Q185140": "Joaquin Rafael Phoenix (; n\u00e9 Bottom; born October 28, 1974) is an American actor and producer. He has received numerous awards and nominations, including an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, and two Golden Globe Awards.\nAs a child, Phoenix started acting in television with his brother River and sister Summer. His first major film role was in SpaceCamp (1986). During this period, he was credited as Leaf Phoenix, a name he gave himself. He later went back to his original name and received positive reviews for his supporting work in the comedy-drama film To Die For (1995) and the period film Quills (2000). He received wider attention for his portrayal of Commodus in the historical drama film Gladiator (2000), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He subsequently earned Best Actor nominations for portraying musician Johnny Cash in Walk the Line (2005), an alcoholic war veteran in The Master (2012), and the title character in Joker (2019), winning for the latter. His other films include the horror films Signs (2002) and The Village (2004), the historical drama Hotel Rwanda (2004), the romantic drama Her (2013), the crime satire Inherent Vice (2014), and the psychological thriller You Were Never Really Here (2017), winning the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor for the latter.\nPhoenix has also ventured into directing music videos, as well as producing films and television shows. For recording the soundtrack to Walk the Line, he won the Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media. He is a social activist and has lent his support to several charities and humanitarian organizations. He is on the board of directors for The Lunchbox Fund, a non-profit organization which provides daily meals to school students in the South African town of Soweto. He is also known for his animal rights advocacy; he has been a vegan since the age of three and often campaigns with PETA and In Defense of Animals. For his lifelong dedication to animal rights, he was named PETA's Person of the Year in 2019.", "Q212284": "Canute IV (c.\u20091042 \u2013 10 July 1086), later known as Canute the Holy (Danish: Knud IV den Hellige) or Saint Canute (Sankt Knud), was King of Denmark from 1080 until 1086. Canute was an ambitious king who sought to strengthen the Danish monarchy, devotedly supported the Roman Catholic Church, and had designs on the English throne. Slain by rebels in 1086, he was the first Danish king to be canonized. He was recognized by the Roman Catholic Church as patron saint of Denmark in 1101.", "Q91865": "Julian Nida-R\u00fcmelin (born November 28, 1954) is a German philosopher and public intellectual. He served as State Minister for Culture of the Federal Republic of Germany under Chancellor Schr\u00f6der. Currently, he is Professor of Philosophy and Political Theory at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.", "Q107631": "Jeanette Wohl (October 16, 1783, Frankfurt am Main \u2013 November 27, 1861, Paris) was a longtime friend and correspondent of Ludwig B\u00f6rne. She inherited the rights to his literary works after his death and edited his works. She is buried at P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.", "Q326653": "An accountant is a practitioner of accounting or accountancy, which is the measurement, disclosure or provision of assurance about financial information that helps managers, investors, tax authorities and others make decisions about allocating resource(s).\nAccountants who have demonstrated competency through their professional associations' certification exams are certified to use titles such as Chartered Accountant, Chartered Certified Accountant or Certified Public Accountant. Such professionals are granted certain responsibilities by statute, such as the ability to certify an organization's financial statements, and may be held liable for professional misconduct. Non-qualified accountants may be employed by a qualified accountant, or may work independently without statutory privileges and obligations.\nCahan & Sun (2015) used archival study to find out that accountants\u2019 personal characteristics may exert a very significant impact during the audit process and further influence audit fees and audit quality.\nThe Big Four auditors are the largest employers of accountants worldwide. However, most accountants are employed in commerce, industry, and the public sector.", "Q873916": "Donald Satterlee Day (May 15, 1895 \u2013 October 1, 1966) was an American reporter in northern Europe for the Chicago Tribune in the 1920s and 1930s. As a broadcaster on German radio for several months during World War II, he argued that the United States should support Nazi Germany in its war against the Soviet Union. Following the Allied victory over Germany, he was twice arrested by U.S. authorities and investigated for treason, but no charges were brought. Due to his position in eastern Europe as a reporter for many years, Day was able to provide the U.S. government with tips about Soviet espionage agents, which played a part in his charges being dropped.", "Q835943": "The Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg (in Swedish Kungl. Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samh\u00e4llet i G\u00f6teborg, abbreviated KVVS and often known simply as Samh\u00e4llet) is a Swedish Royal Academy. Its predecessor was founded in Gothenburg in 1773 and the academy took its present name in 1778. The same year, Gustav III of Sweden gave it Royal Charter.", "Q24760": "Luna Sea (stylized as LUNA SEA) is a Japanese rock band formed in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1989. Due to the use of make-up and costumes early in their career and their widespread popularity, they are considered one of the most successful and influential bands in the visual kei movement. Throughout the mid-1990s they used significantly less make-up, and after a one-year break in 1998, came back with a more mainstream alternative rock style and toned down their on-stage attire. When they disbanded in 2000, they left a big mark on the Japanese rock scene. In 2003, HMV Japan ranked Luna Sea at number 90 on their list of the 100 most important Japanese pop acts.Initially founded in 1986, by bassist J and rhythm guitarist Inoran while in high school, the band was originally called Lunacy. In 1989 they recruited lead guitarist Sugizo, drummer Shinya and vocalist Ryuichi, a lineup that has remained the same. They released a few demo tapes prior to renaming themselves Luna Sea and releasing their self-titled debut album in 1991. The band achieved their breakthrough success with a sold-out tour in 1991, which helped them get a contract with MCA Victor, and with the release of their second album Image (1992), which reached number nine on the Oricon music chart. Following the critically acclaimed albums Eden (1993), Mother (1994) and Style (1996), the band switched to Universal in 1998 and released their best-selling studio album, Shine. In late 2000, after their seventh studio album Lunacy, Luna Sea disbanded.\nLuna Sea reunited for a one-off reunion concert in 2007 at the Tokyo Dome, and again in 2008 for the hide memorial summit. In 2010 the group officially reunited and held a world tour, and three years later they released their first new album in thirteen years, A Will. Their ninth album, Luv, followed four years later in 2017. At the end of 2019, Cross peaked at number 3 on the Oricon, but became their first to top Billboard Japan.", "Q55199": "Lev Vladimirovich Kuleshov (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043e\u0432; 13 January [O.S. 1 January] 1899 \u2013 29 March 1970) was a Russian and Soviet filmmaker and film theorist, one of the founders of the world's first film school, the Moscow Film School. He was given the title People's Artist of the RSFSR in 1969. He was intimately involved in development of the style of film making known as Soviet montage, especially its psychological underpinning, including the use of editing and the cut to emotionally influence the audience, a principle known as the Kuleshov effect. He also developed the theory of creative geography, which is the use of the action around a cut to connect otherwise disparate settings into a cohesive narrative.\n\n", "Q610664": "Maurice Pujo (French: [m\u0254\u0281is py\u0292o, mo\u0281-]; 26 January 1872 \u2013 6 September 1955) was a French journalist and co-founder of the nationalist and monarchist Action Fran\u00e7aise movement. He became the leader of the Camelots du Roi, the youth organization of the Action Fran\u00e7aise which took part in many right-wing demonstrations in the years before World War II (1939\u201345). After World War II he was imprisoned for collaborationist activity.\n\n", "Q72526": "Theodor Bergmann (May 21, 1850 in Sailauf \u2013 March 23, 1931 in Gaggenau) was a German businessman and industrialist best remembered for the various revolutionary firearms his companies released. Like many entrepreneurs of the era, his activities centered on bicycles, and the nascent automobile. Armament was not Bergmann's primary focus, but the one he was most attracted to, which was the reason most of his pistols were manufactured under license once they were created. He is famous for creating automatic pistols, and their ammunition.\nTheodor Bergmann sold his automobile activity to Carl Benz in 1910.\nA new Bergmann model pistol was patented every year:\n\nBergmann 1893\nBergmann 1894\nBergmann 1895\nBergmann 1896\nBergmann 1897 a.k.a. Bergmann Pieper\nBergmann 1898\nBergmann 1899\nBergmann 1901 a.k.a. Bergmann Simplex\nBergmann Mars\nBergmann 1905\nBergmann 1908 a.k.a. Bergmann\u2013Bayard 1908\nBergmann 1910 a.k.a. Bergmann\u2013Bayard 1910\nBergmann 1910/21 a.k.a. Bergmann\u2013Bayard 1910/21Bergmann designed the Bergmann MG15 nA Gun a LMG using a locking system he patented in 1901. It was used until World War II as the MG 15 machine gun\nIn 1915, the German Rifle Testing Commission at Spandau decided to develop a new weapon for trench warfare. The original intention had been to modify existing semi-automatic pistols, specifically the Luger and C96 Mauser. However, the mechanisms of these pistols were not suited to the stresses of full automatic fire, let alone the dirt and debris of the typical battlefield. In addition these light weight weapons were difficult to control in full automatic fire. Based upon this, the Commission determined that a completely new kind of weapon was needed.\nHugo Schmeisser, working for the Bergmann Waffenfabrik, was part of a team that designed a new type of weapon to fulfill the requirements, which was designated the MP18 or Maschinenpistole 18/I.\nTheodor Bergmann's company still exists today as a plastics manufacturer.\n\n", "Q193722": "Sergiyev Posad (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0301\u0434, IPA: [\u02c8s\u02b2\u025brg\u02b2\u026a(j)\u026af p\u0250\u02c8sat]) is a city and the administrative center of Sergiyevo-Posadsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population: 111,179\u2009(2010 Census); 113,581\u2009(2002 Census); 114,696\u2009(1989 Census).It was previously known as Sergiyev Posad (until 1919), Sergiyev (until 1930), Zagorsk (until 1991).", "Q7934": "Franklin Patrick Herbert Jr. (October 8, 1920 \u2013 February 11, 1986) was an American science-fiction author best known for the 1965 novel Dune and its five sequels. Though he became famous for his novels, he also wrote short stories and worked as a newspaper journalist, photographer, book reviewer, ecological consultant, and lecturer.\nThe Dune saga, set in the distant future, and taking place over millennia, explores complex themes, such as the long-term survival of the human species, human evolution, planetary science and ecology, and the intersection of religion, politics, economics and power in a future where humanity has long since developed interstellar travel and settled many thousands of worlds. Dune is the best-selling science fiction novel of all time, and the whole series is widely considered to be among the classics of the genre.", "Q442830": "Ivan Andreevich Urgant (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0442; (born 16 April 1978) is a Russian television host, presenter, actor, musician and producer. His best known roles in film are Boris in the Yolki series and as Danila in Lucky Trouble. Since 2012 he has hosted Evening Urgant, a late-night talk show. According to the 2008 and 2011 surveys, Urgant is Russia's most popular TV presenter.", "Q210493": "Yantai, formerly known as Zhifu or Chefoo, is a coastal prefecture-level city on the Shandong Peninsula in northeastern Shandong province of People's Republic of China. Lying on the southern coast of the Bohai Strait, Yantai borders Qingdao on the southwest and Weihai on the east, with sea access to both the Bohai Sea (via the Laizhou Bay and the Bohai Strait) and the Yellow Sea (from both north and south sides of the Shandong Peninsula). It is the largest fishing seaport in Shandong. Its population was 6,968,202 during the 2010 census, of whom 2,227,733 lived in the built-up area made up of the 4 urban districts of Zhifu, Muping, Fushan and Laishan.", "Q188464": "The Pixies are an American alternative rock band formed in 1986 in Boston, Massachusetts. The original lineup comprised Black Francis (vocals, rhythm guitar), Joey Santiago (lead guitar), Kim Deal (bass, backing vocals) and David Lovering (drums). The band disbanded acrimoniously in 1993, but reunited in 2004. After Deal left in 2013, the Pixies hired Kim Shattuck as a touring bassist; she was replaced the same year by Paz Lenchantin, who became a permanent member in 2016.\nThe Pixies are associated with the 1990s alternative rock boom, and draw on elements including punk rock and surf rock. Their music is known for its dynamic \"loud-quiet\" shifts and song structures. Francis is the Pixies' primary songwriter; his often surreal lyrics cover offbeat subjects such as extraterrestrials, incest, and biblical violence. They achieved modest popularity in the US, but were more successful in Europe. Their jarring pop sound influenced acts such as Nirvana, Radiohead, the Smashing Pumpkins and Weezer. Their popularity grew in the years after their break-up, leading to sold-out world tours following their reunion in 2004.", "Q153260": "Bad Godesberg (K\u00f6lsch: Bad Jodesbersch) is a municipal district of Bonn, southern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. From 1949 to 1999, while Bonn was the capital of West Germany and later Germany, most foreign embassies were in Bad Godesberg. Some buildings are still used as branch offices or consulates.", "Q11903": "Hypatia (born c. 350\u2013370; died 415) was a Hellenistic Neoplatonist philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician, who lived in Alexandria, Egypt, then part of the Eastern Roman Empire. She was a prominent thinker of the Neoplatonic school in Alexandria where she taught philosophy and astronomy. She is the first female mathematician whose life is reasonably well recorded. Hypatia was renowned in her own lifetime as a great teacher and a wise counselor. She is known to have written a commentary on Diophantus's thirteen-volume Arithmetica, which may survive in part, having been interpolated into Diophantus's original text, and another commentary on Apollonius of Perga's treatise on conic sections, which has not survived. Many modern scholars also believe that Hypatia may have edited the surviving text of Ptolemy's Almagest, based on the title of her father Theon's commentary on Book III of the Almagest.\nHypatia is known to have constructed astrolabes and hydrometers, but did not invent either of these, which were both in use long before she was born. Although she herself was a pagan, she was tolerant towards Christians and taught many Christian students, including Synesius, the future bishop of Ptolemais. Ancient sources record that Hypatia was widely beloved by pagans and Christians alike and that she established great influence with the political elite in Alexandria. Shortly before she was murdered, Hypatia advised Orestes, the Roman prefect of Alexandria, who was in the midst of a political feud with Cyril, the bishop of Alexandria. Rumors spread accusing her of preventing Orestes from reconciling with Cyril and, in March 415 AD, she was murdered by a mob of Christians led by a lector named Peter.Hypatia's murder shocked the empire and transformed her into a \"martyr for philosophy\", leading future Neoplatonists such as Damascius to become increasingly fervent in their opposition to Christianity. During the Middle Ages, Hypatia was co-opted as a symbol of Christian virtue and scholars believe she was part of the basis for the legend of Saint Catherine of Alexandria. During the Age of Enlightenment, she became a symbol of opposition to Catholicism. In the nineteenth century, European literature, especially Charles Kingsley's 1853 novel Hypatia, romanticized her as \"the last of the Hellenes\". In the twentieth century, Hypatia became seen as an icon for women's rights and a precursor to the feminist movement. Since the late twentieth century, some portrayals have associated Hypatia's death with the destruction of the Library of Alexandria, despite the historical fact that the library no longer existed during Hypatia's lifetime.", "Q57956": "G\u00fcnther Hermann Oettinger (born 15 October 1953) is a German politician and a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as the European Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources from 2017 to 2019, as European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society from 2014 to 2016 and as European Commissioner for Energy from 2010 to 2014.\nHe is affiliated with the European People's Party (EPP). He served as Minister-President of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg between 2005 and 2010 and as chairman of the CDU Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg from 2005 until 2010.\n\n", "Q614402": "Denzel Dominique Whitaker (born June 15, 1990) is an American actor.\nHis notable film appearances include The Great Debaters and Training Day, as well as TV shows ER, Brothers & Sisters and The War At Home. He was a cast member during the tenth and final season of the Nickelodeon sketch-comedy series All That. He was in the Disney Channel Original Movie, Dadnapped. He also appeared on The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, as a player on Zack and Cody's wheelchair basketball team, and in Werner Herzog's Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans. He also appeared in the 2010 Wes Craven horror film My Soul To Take as a blind 16 year old named Jerome that was born early along with 6 other children because of the killing of a murderer that had multiple souls, and the souls escaped and were hiding in the children. He appeared in the 2011 film Abduction, in season 3 of The Boondocks as character Sgt. Gutte, and on Black Dynamite: The Animated Series as Donald The Accountant. Whitaker appeared as a young Zuri in the 2018 film Black Panther.\nHe has also worked (allegedly) as an assistant voice director for the 2010 film Freaknik: The Musical.", "Q46683": "N. Santhanam is an Indian film actor and producer whose main works are in Tamil cinema. Beginning his career as a comedian on television, he rose to fame through his performances in STAR Vijay's Lollu Sabha enacting the lead role in spoofs of Tamil films. He was subsequently given a chance by actor Silambarasan to feature in a supporting role in Manmadhan (2004) and then was signed on to appear in a host of films, notably winning good reviews for his work in Sachien (2005) and Polladhavan (2007). He appeared in a one-off leading role in Shankar's production Arai En 305-il Kadavul (2008) and Dagaalty(2020)subsequently became a staple feature as a comedian in successful Tamil films during the period, with his market popularity helping stuck films find distributors.Santhanam has also had embarked on collaborations with directors including gaining positive reviews for his work in M Rajesh's comic trilogy of Siva Manasula Sakthi (2009), Boss Engira Bhaskaran (2010) and Oru Kal Oru Kannadi (2012), winning the Vijay Award for Best Comedian for each one. He has also repeatedly collaborated in the films of A L Vijay, Siva and Sundar C as well as in films featuring Silambarasan, Arya and Udhayanidhi Stalin.\nHis consistently well-received performances and box office appeal in the early 2010s prompted the film industry to dub him as the \"Comedy Superstar\". In 2012, he began a film production company named Handmade Films and produced his first film, Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya (2013), which went on to become a commercially successful venture. Meanwhile, in 2014, he starred in the leading role again in the action comedy Vallavanukku Pullum Aayudham, winning critical and commercial acclaim.", "Q69660": "Siblingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.", "Q304394": "Show Me Love (Swedish: Fucking \u00c5m\u00e5l, pronounced [\u02c8f\u01cek\u02d0\u026a\u014b \u02c8\u01d2\u02d0m\u0254l]) is a 1998 Swedish romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Lukas Moodysson in his feature-length directorial debut. It stars Rebecka Liljeberg and Alexandra Dahlstr\u00f6m as two seemingly disparate teenage girls who begin a tentative romantic relationship. The film was released theatrically in Sweden on 23 October 1998, and first premiered internationally at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival.\nThe film received an overwhelmingly positive reception and won four Guldbagge Awards (Sweden's official film awards) at the 1999 ceremony. Its international awards include the Teddy Award at the 1999 Berlin International Film Festival, and the Special Jury Prize at the 34th Karlovy Vary International Film Festival.\nThe Swedish title refers to the small town of \u00c5m\u00e5l in V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland County, western Sweden. However, only a few scenes were filmed in \u00c5m\u00e5l, and they were not included in the final version. The main shooting took place in the nearby town of Trollh\u00e4ttan, the location of producing company Film i V\u00e4st's studios.\n\n", "Q180038": "Fran\u00e7ois Bon, born on 22 May 1953 in Lu\u00e7on, is a French writer and translator.", "Q220550": "J\u00e1n Koll\u00e1r (29 July 1793 in Mo\u0161ovce (Mos\u00f3c), Kingdom of Hungary (now in Slovakia) \u2013 24 January 1852 in Vienna, Austrian Empire) was a Slovak writer (mainly poet), archaeologist, scientist, politician, and main ideologist of Pan-Slavism.", "Q105026": "Fritz Rudolf Fries (19 May 1935 \u2013 17 December 2014) was a German writer and translator.", "Q855": "Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dz\u0435 Djugashvili; 18 December [O.S. 6 December] 1878 \u2013 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until 1953 as the general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922\u20131952) and premier of the Soviet Union (1941\u20131953). Despite initially governing the Soviet Union as part of a collective leadership, he eventually consolidated power to become the country's de facto dictator by the 1930s. A communist ideologically committed to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, Stalin formalised these ideas as Marxism\u2013Leninism, while his own policies are known as Stalinism.\nBorn to a poor family in Gori in the Russian Empire (now Georgia), Stalin joined the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party as a youth. He edited the party's newspaper, Pravda, and raised funds for Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction via robberies, kidnappings, and protection rackets. Repeatedly arrested, he underwent several internal exiles. After the Bolsheviks seized power during the 1917 October Revolution and created a one-party state under Lenin's newly renamed Communist Party, Stalin joined its governing Politburo. Serving in the Russian Civil War before overseeing the Soviet Union's establishment in 1922, Stalin assumed leadership over the country following Lenin's 1924 death. Under Stalin, \"Socialism in One Country\" became a central tenet of the party's dogma. Through the Five-Year Plans, the country underwent agricultural collectivisation and rapid industrialisation, creating a centralised command economy. This led to significant disruptions in food production that contributed to the famine of 1932\u201333. To eradicate accused \"enemies of the working class\", Stalin instituted the \"Great Purge\", in which over a million were imprisoned and at least 700,000 executed between 1934 and 1939. By 1937, he had complete personal control over the party and state.\nStalin's government promoted Marxism\u2013Leninism abroad through the Communist International and supported European anti-fascist movements during the 1930s, particularly in the Spanish Civil War. In 1939, it signed a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany, resulting in the Soviet invasion of Poland. Germany ended the pact by invading the Soviet Union in 1941. Despite initial setbacks, the Soviet Red Army repelled the German incursion and captured Berlin in 1945, ending World War II in Europe. The Soviets annexed the Baltic states and helped establish Soviet-aligned governments throughout Central and Eastern Europe, China, and North Korea. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged from the war as global superpowers. Tensions arose between the Soviet-backed Eastern Bloc and U.S.-backed Western Bloc which became known as the Cold War. Stalin led his country through the post-war reconstruction, during which it developed a nuclear weapon in 1949. In these years, the country experienced another major famine and an anti-semitic campaign peaking in the doctors' plot. After Stalin's death in 1953, he was eventually succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev, who denounced him and initiated the de-Stalinisation of Soviet society.\nWidely considered one of the 20th century's most significant figures, Stalin was the subject of a pervasive personality cult within the international Marxist\u2013Leninist movement, which revered him as a champion of the working class and socialism. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Stalin has retained popularity in Russia and Georgia as a victorious wartime leader who established the Soviet Union as a major world power. Conversely, his totalitarian government has been widely condemned for overseeing mass repressions, ethnic cleansing, deportations, hundreds of thousands of executions, and famines that killed millions.\n\n", "Q506900": "Joseph Saddler (born January 1, 1958), better known by his stage name Grandmaster Flash, is an American hip hop recording artist and DJ. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of hip hop DJing, cutting, scratching and mixing. Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2007, becoming the first hip hop act to be honored. In 2019 he won the Polar Music Prize.", "Q26177": "Khusrau Mirza (Urdu:\u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0650\u0631\u0632\u0627) (16 August 1587 \u2013 26 January 1622) or Prince Khusrau was the eldest son of the Mughal emperor Jahangir.\n\n", "Q465257": "Michael Anthony Farren (3 September 1943 \u2013 27 July 2013) was an English journalist, author and singer associated with counterculture and the UK underground.\n\n", "Q315299": "The Three from the Filling Station (German: Die Drei von der Tankstelle) is a 1930 German musical film directed by Wilhelm Thiele and starring Lilian Harvey, Willy Fritsch, Heinz R\u00fchmann, and Oskar Karlweis. Produced by Erich Pommer, the film was a major success for the UFA studio, outgrossing even The Blue Angel. Several songs composed by Werner R. Heymann and performed by the Comedian Harmonists have remained popular up to today. The film also had a heavy influence on Hollywood musicals during the 1930s.", "Q76998": "Leopold Zunz (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1 \u05e6\u05d5\u05e0\u05e5\u2014Yom Tov Tzuntz, Yiddish: \u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05de\u05df \u05e6\u05d5\u05e0\u05e5\u200e\u2014Lipmann Zunz; 10 August 1794 \u2013 17 March 1886) was the founder of academic Judaic Studies (Wissenschaft des Judentums), the critical investigation of Jewish literature, hymnology and ritual. Zunz's historical investigations and contemporary writings had an important influence on contemporary Judaism.", "Q390287": "E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University (Hungarian: E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, ELTE) is a Hungarian public research university based in Budapest. Founded in 1635, ELTE is one of the largest and most prestigious public higher education institutions in Hungary. The 28,000 students at ELTE are organized into eight faculties, and into research institutes located throughout Budapest and on the scenic banks of the Danube. ELTE is affiliated with 5 Nobel laureates, as well as winners of the Wolf Prize, Fulkerson Prize and Abel Prize, the latest of which was Abel Prize winner Endre Szemer\u00e9di in 2012.\nThe predecessor of E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University was founded in 1635 by Cardinal P\u00e9ter P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny in Nagyszombat, Kingdom of Hungary, (today Trnava, Slovakia) as a Catholic university for teaching theology and philosophy. In 1770, the University was transferred to Buda. It was named Royal University of Pest until 1873, then University of Budapest until 1921, when it was renamed Royal Hungarian P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny P\u00e9ter University after its founder P\u00e9ter P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny. The Faculty of Science started its autonomous life in 1949 when The Faculty of Theology was separated from the university. The university received its current name in 1950, after one of its most well-known physicists, Baron Lor\u00e1nd E\u00f6tv\u00f6s.", "Q123787": "Karl-Heinz K\u00f6pcke (29 September 1922, in Hamburg \u2013 27 September 1991, in Hamburg) was a German television presenter and newsreader.", "Q82819": "Hans Magnus Ryan, alias \"Snah\", (born 31 December 1969 in Trondheim, Norway) is a Norwegian rock musician (guitar & vocals), known as front figure of the band Motorpsycho.\n\n", "Q77338": "Matthias Claudius (15 August 1740 \u2013 21 January 1815) was a German poet and journalist, otherwise known by the pen name of \u201cAsmus\u201d.", "Q60644": "Friedrich R\u00fcckert (16 May 1788 \u2013 31 January 1866) was a German poet, translator, and professor of Oriental languages.", "Q432469": "James Browne (1793 \u2013 8 April 1841), Scottish man of letters, was born at Whitefield, Perthshire. He was educated at the universities of Edinburgh and St. Andrews, where he studied for the church. He wrote a Sketch of the History of Edinburgh, for Ewbank's Picturesque Views of that city (1823\u20131825).\nIn 1826 he became a member of the Faculty of Advocates, and obtained the degree of LL.D. from King's College, University of Aberdeen. His works include a Critical Examination of Macculloch's Work on the Highlands and Islands of Scotland (1826), Aper\u00e7u sur les Hieroglyphes d'Egypte (Paris, 1827), a Vindication of the Scottish Bar from the Attacks of Mr. Broughton, and A History of the Highlands and of the Highland Clans (1834\u20131836). He was appointed editor of the Caledonian Mercury in 1827; and two years later he became sub-editor of the seventh edition of the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, to which he contributed a large number of articles. \nIn the 1830s he lived at 11 Comely Bank in Edinburgh, and was frequently visited by his friend Daniel O'Connell. \nBrowne died at Woodbine Cottage on York Road in the Trinity area on 8 April 1841.", "Q154269": "Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov (30 May 1934 \u2013 11 October 2019) was a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut, Air Force major general, writer, and artist. On 18 March 1965, he became the first human to conduct a spacewalk, exiting the capsule during the Voskhod 2 mission for 12 minutes and 9 seconds.\nIn July 1975, Leonov commanded the Soyuz capsule in the Soyuz\u2013Apollo mission, which docked in space for two days with an American Apollo capsule.", "Q2495829": "Saint Petersburg Mining University (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442), is Russia's oldest technical university, and one of the oldest technical colleges in Europe. It was founded on October 21, 1773, by Empress Catherine the Great, who realised an idea proposed by Peter the Great and Mikhail Lomonosov for training engineers for the mining and metals industries. Having a strong engineering profession was seen by many Russian rulers as a vital means of maintaining Russia's status as a great power. As historian Alfred J. Rieber wrote, \"The marriage of technology and central state power had a natural attraction for Peter the Great and his successors, particularly Paul I, Alexander I and Nicholas I\". All three had had a military education and seen the achievements of the engineers of revolutionary and imperial France, who had reconstructed the great highways, unified the waterways and erected buildings throughout Europe in a more lasting tribute to the French than all of Napoleon's victories.Though located in St. Petersburg, the university is on a federal rather than local level, and has partnerships with global oil, gas and mining companies and governments. Its museum is home to one of the world's finest collections of gem and mineral samples and the university building is a Neoclassical masterpiece by Andrey Voronikhin.", "Q557597": "The University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) is a public university in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It was established in 1961 as an affiliate college of the University of London. The university became an affiliate of the University of East Africa (UEA) in 1963, shortly after Tanzania gained its independence from the United Kingdom. In 1970, UEA split into three independent universities: Makerere University in Uganda, the University of Nairobi in Kenya, and the University of Dar es Salaam.", "Q3127837": "Henry Anthony Hood (3 October 1944 \u2013 26 May 2019) was a Scottish football player and manager.\nA forward noted for his skill, he played for Clyde (two spells), Celtic, Motherwell\nand Queen of the South in Scotland, Sunderland in England and San Antonio Thunder\nin the United States. He won eleven domestic honours with Celtic. He later managed Albion Rovers and Queen of the South, and was a businessman involved in the hospitality sector.", "Q159995": "Walter Hallstein (17 November 1901 \u2013 29 March 1982) was a German academic, diplomat, and statesman. He was the first president of the Commission of the European Economic Community and one of the founding fathers of the European Union.\nHallstein began his academic career in the 1920s Weimar Republic and became Germany's youngest law professor in 1930, at the age of 29. During World War II he served as a first lieutenant in the German army in France. Captured by American troops in 1944, he spent the rest of the war in a prisoner-of-war camp in the United States, where he organised a \"camp university\" for his fellow soldiers. After the war he returned to Germany and continued his academic career; he became rector of the University of Frankfurt in 1946 and spent a year as a visiting professor at Georgetown University from 1948. In 1950 he was recruited to a diplomatic career, becoming the leading civil servant at the German Foreign Office, where he gave his name to the Hallstein Doctrine, West Germany's policy of isolating East Germany diplomatically.\nA keen advocate of a federal Europe, Hallstein played a key role in West German foreign policy and then in European integration. He was one of the architects of the European Coal and Steel Community and the first President of the Commission of the European Economic Community, which would later become the European Union. He held the office from 1958 to 1967 and was the only German to be selected as president of the European Commission or its predecessors until the selection of Ursula von der Leyen in 2019. Hallstein famously described his role as \"a kind of European prime minister\" and regarded national sovereignty as a \"doctrine of yesteryear.\"Hallstein left office following a clash with the French President, Charles de Gaulle, and turned to German politics as a member of parliament, also serving as President of the European Movement from 1968 to 1974. He is also the author of books and numerous articles and speeches on European integration and on the European Communities.", "Q62053": "Karoline Friederike Louise Maximiliane von G\u00fcnderrode (11 February 1780 \u2013 26 July 1806) was a German Romantic poet, born in Karlsruhe. She used the nom-de-plume of Tian.", "Q440799": "Silvia \u0160uvadov\u00e1 (pronounced shuw-vah-daw-vah) (born 4 April 1973) is a Slovak actress.\nShe was born in Ru\u017eomberok and studied at Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava. After finishing her studies she appeared in several theater plays. She worked as a presenter and played in TV ads and TV movies. In 2002 she moved to Los Angeles.", "Q3132584": "Henry Archer Ekers (18 September 1855 \u2013 31 January 1937) was a Canadian industrialist and politician, the Mayor of Montreal, Quebec between 1906 and 1908. He ran unsuccessfully for the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative in 1900 and 1908.", "Q461757": "Jacques C\u0153ur (, French: [k\u0153\u0281]; c.\u20091395 in Bourges \u2013 25 November 1456 in Chios), was a French merchant, one of the founders of the trade between France and the Levant.", "Q25318": "Charles-Ange Laisant (1 November 1841 \u2013 5 May 1920), French politician and mathematician, was born at Indre, near Nantes on 1 November 1841, and was educated at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique as a military engineer.", "Q108264": "Toby E. Rodes (25 October 1919; Frankfurt am Main, Germany\u201320 April 2013; Basel, Switzerland) was a business consultant, design-critic, journalist and, on occasion, lecturer, who has concerned himself for more than 60 years with public relations and interior design. He was the founder of an international public relations and marketing agency located in Basel.", "Q213824": "Jessica Boehrs (born 5 March 1980) is a German singer and actress. Boehrs started her singing career in 1996 in the band, JessVaness, and produced vocals for a Hands Up project Novaspace, which performed a few Top-10 hit-singles including \"Time After Time\", \"Guardian Angel\", and \"Beds Are Burning\". She also appeared in EuroTrip (2004) as Mieke, the object of Scott Thomas's European vacation quest. While Boehrs was with Novaspace, she sang on the albums Supernova and Cubes.\nBoehrs was a background singer for some songs by Caught in the Act and Tic Tac Toe. Among other things she sang the chorus in the song \"Laura\". Between December 2006\u20132007, Boehrs played Nina Waldgruber in the German television program Schloss Einstein.", "Q2846752": "Andrew James Tiernan (born 30 November 1965) is an English actor & director.", "Q384594": "Matilde Serao (Italian pronunciation: [ma\u02c8tilde se\u02c8ra\u02d0o]; 7 March 1856 \u2013 25 July 1927) was a Greek-born Italian journalist and novelist. She was the co-founder and editor of the newspaper Il Mattino, and she also wrote several novels.\nShe was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in four different years.", "Q2396809": "Francisco de Paula Enrique de Borb\u00f3n y Escasany, 5th Duke of Seville, Grandee of Spain (born 16 November 1943), is the current Duke of Seville and a distant relative of the Spanish royal family. He is a businessman and has been involved in banking, real estate and other commercial activities.", "Q524579": "Hannu Rajaniemi (born 9 March 1978) is a Finnish author of science fiction and fantasy, who writes in both English and Finnish. He lives in Oakland, California, and was a founding director of a commercial research organisation ThinkTank Maths.", "Q204394": "Zinedine Soualem (born 17 April 1957) is a French actor. He has appeared in at least five films directed by C\u00e9dric Klapisch.", "Q1114448": "A cartoonist (also comic strip creator, comic book artist, graphic novel artist, or comic book illustrator) is a visual artist who specializes in drawing cartoons (individual images) or comics (sequential images). Cartoonists include the artists who handle all aspects of the work and those who contribute only part of the production. Cartoonists may work in many formats, such as booklets, comic strips, comic books, editorial cartoons, graphic novels, manuals, gag cartoons, illustrations, storyboards, posters, shirts, books, advertisements, greeting cards, magazines, newspapers, and video game packaging.", "Q287923": "Ashley Leggat (born September 26, 1986) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her roles as Casey McDonald in the Canadian family comedy series Life with Derek and as Ashley Dunnfield in the television movie The Perfect Roommate.", "Q65728": "Wilhelm Karl Keppler (14 December 1882 \u2013 13 June 1960) was a German businessman and one of Adolf Hitler's early financial backers. Introduced to Hitler by Heinrich Himmler, Keppler helped to finance the Nazi Party and later served as one of Hitler's economic advisors.\nKeppler attended Karlsruhe Technical School from 1901 to 1905. He then served in the army between 1903 and 1904 before attending K\u00f6nigliche Technische Hochschule zu Danzig from 1905 to 1910, where he earned his degree in engineering. He was commissioned by the army as a reserve second lieutenant in 1910. Keppler became an engineer in the chemical industry starting in 1911. He fought in the First World War.\nKeppler was an engineer and chemical manufacturer at the time that he joined the NSDAP in February 1927 as member #62,424. He co-owned Odin Works, a small photographic gelatin factory, and was chairman of the I. G. Farben subsidiary Braunkohle-Benzin AG. Hitler appointed him as the Nazi Party's economics adviser in December 1931. He was elected to the Reichstag on 5 March 1933, representing Baden, a position which he held to 1945. In July 1933 he was appointed Reich Commissioner for Economic Affairs (German: Kommissar f\u00fcr Wirtschaftsfragen). This position granted Keppler charge of all party organizations involved with economic policy. After 1934, Keppler faced the problem of securing and utilizing raw materials.To strengthen the Nazi Party's ties with business and industry, Keppler founded the Circle of Friends of the Economy (Freundeskreis der Wirtschaft, which is sometimes referred to as the \"Keppler Circle\").\nKeppler joined the SS (#50,816) in August 1932 and founded the Circle of Friends of Heinrich Himmler, which was a continuation of the Keppler Circle.\nConsidered weak and slow, Keppler's role was supplanted in 1936 by the Four Year Plan. He served as a personal adviser to Hermann G\u00f6ring on the Four Year Plan. He was given a new title of \"general expert of German raw and industrial materials\".He went to Austria in 1938 to prepare the ground for Anschluss. He served as Secretary at the German Embassy in Vienna in 1938, Reich Commissioner in Austria from March to June 1938, then Reich Commissioner in Slovakia in 1939, and finally Reich Commissioner in Danzig in August 1939. Keppler became Secretary of State with special duties in the Foreign Office during World War II, during which he administered SS confiscated industries in Poland and Russia. On 30 January 1942 he became an honorary Obergruppenf\u00fchrer (Lieutenant General) of the SS.\nKeppler was sentenced to ten years in prison during the Ministries Trial on 14 April 1949. He was released from prison on 1 February 1951 and died on 13 June 1960.", "Q244968": "Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (born Mahesh Prasad Varma, 12 January 1918 \u2013 5 February 2008) was an Indian guru, known for developing the Transcendental Meditation technique and for being the leader and guru of a worldwide organization that has been characterized in multiple ways including as a new religious movement and as non-religious. He became known as Maharishi (meaning \"great seer\") and Yogi as an adult.Maharishi Mahesh Yogi became a disciple and assistant of Swami Brahmananda Saraswati, the Shankaracharya (spiritual leader) of Jyotirmath in the Indian Himalayas. The Maharishi credits Brahmananda Saraswati with inspiring his teachings. In 1955, the Maharishi began to introduce his Transcendental Deep Meditation (later renamed Transcendental Meditation) to India and the world. His first global tour began in 1958. His devotees referred to him as His Holiness, and because he often laughed in TV interviews he was sometimes referred to as the \"giggling guru\".The Maharishi is reported to have trained more than 40,000 TM teachers, taught the Transcendental Meditation technique to \"more than five million people\" and founded thousands of teaching centres and hundreds of colleges, universities and schools, while TM websites report tens of thousands learned the TM-Sidhi programme. His initiatives include schools and universities with campuses in several countries including India, Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Switzerland. The Maharishi, his family and close associates created charitable organisations and for-profit businesses including health clinics, mail-order health supplements and organic farms. The reported value of the Maharishi's organization has ranged from the millions to billions of U.S. dollars and in 2008, the organization placed the value of their United States assets at about $300 million.In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Maharishi achieved fame as the guru to the Beatles, the Beach Boys and other celebrities. In the late 1970s, he started the TM-Sidhi programme that claimed to offer practitioners the ability to levitate and to create world peace. The Maharishi's Natural Law Party was founded in 1992, and ran campaigns in dozens of countries. He moved to near Vlodrop, the Netherlands, in the same year. In 2000, he created the Global Country of World Peace, a non-profit organization, and appointed its leaders. In 2008, the Maharishi announced his retirement from all administrative activities and went into silence until his death three weeks later.", "Q310493": "Robert John Wagner Jr. (born February 10, 1930) is an American actor of stage, screen, and television, best known for starring in the television shows It Takes a Thief (1968\u20131970), Switch (1975\u20131978), and Hart to Hart (1979\u20131984). He also had a recurring role as Teddy Leopold on the TV sitcom Two and a Half Men and has a recurring role as Anthony DiNozzo Sr. on the police procedural NCIS.\nIn movies, Wagner is known for his role as Number 2 in the Austin Powers trilogy of films (1997, 1999, 2002), as well as for A Kiss Before Dying, The Pink Panther, Harper, The Towering Inferno and many more.\nIn 2018, Wagner was named a person of interest in an ongoing investigation into the mysterious drowning death of his wife, Natalie Wood, in 1981.", "Q87975": "Christine Lavant (born Christine Thonhauser, mar. Christine Habernig; 4 July 1915 \u2013 7 June 1973) was an Austrian poet and novelist.", "Q108270": "Warwick Ashley Davis (born 3 February 1970) is an English actor, television presenter, writer, director, comedian and producer. He played the title characters in Willow and the Leprechaun film series, several characters in the Star Wars franchise (most notably the Ewok Wicket), and Professor Filius Flitwick and Griphook in the Harry Potter films. Davis also starred as a fictionalised version of himself in the sitcom Life's Too Short, written and directed by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant.\nHe has presented ITV game shows Celebrity Squares (2014\u20132015) and Tenable (2016\u2013present).", "Q1353977": "Jeff Campitelli (born 29 December 1960) is a drummer who has worked with Joe Satriani on many of his albums as well as live performances. Before Satriani's breakthrough in instrumental music he played with Joe Satriani in a band called The Squares. Campitelli has been selected by Rolling Stone magazine as the 50th greatest drummer of all time. Jeff taught drums at Danville Music Studio in Danville, CA in the 1990s.", "Q611208": "Leandro Roque de Oliveira (born August 17, 1985), better known by his stage name Emicida, is a Brazilian rapper, singer, songwriter and MC.The rapper is known for his impromptu rhymes, that made him one of the most respected MCs in Brazil. Regarded as one of the biggest revelations of underground hip hop in his country, Emicida accumulates thousands of hits on every battle in his YouTube page and about 900 thousand views on his MySpace page.", "Q290287": "Caterina Irene Elena Maria Boyle, Lady Saunders (n\u00e9e Imperiali dei Principi di Francavilla; 29 May 1926 \u2013 20 March 2018), usually known as Katie Boyle, was a British actress, writer, radio announcer, television personality, game-show panellist and animal rights activist. She became best known for presenting the Eurovision Song Contest on four occasions, in 1960, 1963, 1968 and 1974; the first three in London and the last in Brighton, England. She was once an agony aunt, answering problems that had been posted by readers of the TVTimes.", "Q151305": "Christian IX (8 April 1818 \u2013 29 January 1906) was King of Denmark from 1863 until his death in 1906. From 1863 to 1864, he was concurrently Duke of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg.\nGrowing up as a prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl\u00fccksburg, a junior branch of the House of Oldenburg which had ruled Denmark since 1448, Christian was originally not in the immediate line of succession to the Danish throne. However, in 1852, Christian was chosen as heir to the Danish monarchy in light of the expected extinction of the senior line of the House of Oldenburg. Upon the death of King Frederick VII of Denmark in 1863, Christian (who was both Frederick's uncle and cousin) acceded to the throne as the first Danish monarch of the House of Gl\u00fccksburg.The beginning of his reign was marked by the Danish defeat in the Second Schleswig War and the subsequent loss of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg which made the king immensely unpopular. The following years of his reign were dominated by political disputes as Denmark had only become a constitutional monarchy in 1849 and the balance of power between the sovereign and parliament was still in dispute. In spite of his initial unpopularity and the many years of political strife, where the king was in conflict with large parts of the population, his popularity recovered towards the end of his reign, and he became a national icon due to the length of his reign and the high standards of personal morality with which he was identified.\nChristian married his second cousin, Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel, in 1842. Their six children married into other royal families across Europe, earning him the sobriquet \"the father-in-law of Europe\". Among his descendants are Margrethe II of Denmark, Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Philippe of Belgium, Harald V of Norway, Felipe VI of Spain, Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, Constantine II of Greece, Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, Queen Sofia of Spain and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.", "Q280094": "Deranged (also known as Deranged: Confessions of a Necrophile) is a 1974 Canadian-American horror film directed by Alan Ormsby and Jeff Gillen, and starring Roberts Blossom. Its plot, loosely based on the crimes of Ed Gein, follows Ezra Cobb, a middle-aged man in a rural Midwestern community who begins a string of serial murders and grave robberies after the death of his mother, a religious fanatic who raised him to be a misogynist. Though based on Gein, the film's title is misleading since Gein never experimented with necrophilia; although a necrophile is also defined as \"an obsessive fascination with death and corpses.\"\nFunded by an American concert promoter on a small budget, the production took place in Oshawa, Ontario in the winter of 1973, with a largely Canadian cast and crew. The film premiered in Los Angeles on March 20, 1974.", "Q1058124": "Stefano Belisari (born 30 July 1961 in Milan), nicknamed Elio, is an Italian singer and musician. He is the founding members of the Italian rock band Elio e le Storie Tese.", "Q451680": "Emma Eames ( AYMZ; August 13, 1865 \u2013 June 13, 1952) was an American soprano renowned for the beauty of her voice. She sang major lyric and lyric-dramatic roles in opera and had an important career in New York, London and Paris during the last decade of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century.", "Q959655": "Kieran Hebden (born 1977), best known by the stage name Four Tet, is an English musician. Hebden first came to prominence as a member of the band Fridge before establishing himself as a solo artist.\nAs Four Tet, Hebden has produced ten studio albums. He has remixed tracks by artists including Aphex Twin, Bicep, Explosions in the Sky, Super Furry Animals, Radiohead, Ellie Goulding, J Dilla, Lana Del Rey, Manic Street Preachers, Sia, Black Sabbath and Madvillain. As a producer, he has produced two albums by psychedelic improvisational group Sunburned Hand of the Man, and two albums by Syrian dabke singer Omar Souleyman. Hebden's recent output includes a number of improvisational works with jazz drummer Steve Reid and collaborations under the name 00110100 01010100 (the UTF-8 encoding of \u201c4T\u201d expressed in binary) with Burial and Thom Yorke.", "Q145370": "Francis Ambri\u00e8re (27 September 1907, Paris \u2013 1 July 1998) was a French author who was selected for the Prix Goncourt in 1940, for his book Les Grandes Vacances; the prize was awarded in 1946 because of World War II.", "Q229560": "Lauren Michael Holly (born October 28, 1963) is an American-Canadian actress. She has played the roles of Deputy Sheriff Maxine Stewart in the television series Picket Fences, Director Jenny Shepard in the series NCIS, Dr. Betty Rogers on Canadian series Motive, Mary Swanson in Dumb and Dumber, Linda Lee in Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story, Darian Smalls in Beautiful Girls, Cindy Rooney in Any Given Sunday, and Gigi in What Women Want.", "Q70443": "Moritz August von Th\u00fcmmel (1738\u20131817) was a German humorist and satirical author.", "Q981558": "Pieter Jansz. Pourbus (c. 1523, in Gouda \u2013 30 January 1584, in Bruges) was a Flemish Renaissance painter, draftsman, engineer and cartographer who was active in Bruges during the 16th century. He is known primarily for his religious and portrait painting.", "Q40580": "Lisa Gerrard (; born 12 April 1961) is an Australian musician, singer and composer who rose to prominence as part of the music group Dead Can Dance with music partner Brendan Perry. In addition to singing, she is an instrumentalist for much of her work, most prolifically using the yangqin (a Chinese hammered dulcimer).\nSince her career began in 1980, Gerrard has been involved in a wide range of projects. She received a Golden Globe Award for the music score to the film Gladiator, on which she collaborated with Hans Zimmer.", "Q155163": "Alien vs. Predator (also known as AVP: Alien vs. Predator) is a 2004 science fiction action film written and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson, and starring Sanaa Lathan, Raoul Bova, Lance Henriksen and Ewen Bremner. It is the first installment of the Alien vs. Predator franchise, adapting a crossover bringing together the eponymous creatures of the Alien and Predator series, a concept which originated in a 1989 comic book written by Randy Stradley and Chris Warner. Anderson wrote the story together with the creators of the Alien franchise, Dan O'Bannon and Ronald Shusett, and Anderson and Shane Salerno adapted the story into a screenplay. Their writing was influenced by Aztec mythology, the comic book series, and the writings of Erich von D\u00e4niken. In the film, scientists are caught in the crossfires of an ancient battle between Aliens and Predators as they attempt to escape a bygone pyramid.\nAlien vs. Predator was theatrically released on 12 August 2004 to negative reviews, and grossed $177.4 million worldwide against a production budget of $60 million. A sequel, Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem, was released in 2007.", "Q18933": "Rhoda Griffis is an American actress who has played supporting roles both in independent and mainstream films and television.\n\n", "Q325428": "Miroslav Krle\u017ea (pronounced [m\u01d0r\u0254\u031dslav\u031e k\u0159\u0329le\u031e\u0292a]; 7 July 1893 \u2013 29 December 1981) was a Croatian writer and a prominent figure in cultural life of both Yugoslav states, the Kingdom (1918\u20131941) and the Socialist Republic (1945 until his death in 1981). A one time Vice President and General Secretary of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts (JAZU), he has often been proclaimed the greatest Croatian writer of the 20th century and beyond.", "Q216790": "Hanko (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u0251\u014bko]; Swedish: Hang\u00f6) is a bilingual port town and municipality on the south coast of Finland, 130 kilometres (80 mi) west of Helsinki. Its current population is 8,386 (31 January 2019), with a majority being Finnish speakers and a strong minority being Swedish speakers (44%).", "Q60650": "Ernst Heinrich Freiherr von Weizs\u00e4cker (25 May 1882 \u2013 4 August 1951) was a German naval officer, diplomat and politician. He served as State Secretary at the Foreign Office of Nazi Germany from 1938 to 1943, and as its Ambassador to the Holy See from 1943 to 1945. He was a member of the prominent Weizs\u00e4cker family, and the father of German President Richard von Weizs\u00e4cker and physicist and philosopher Carl Friedrich von Weizs\u00e4cker.", "Q125484": "Sibylle Lewitscharoff (born 16 April 1954) is a German author. Among her novels are Pong (1998), Apostoloff (2009) and Blumenberg (2011). She has received several German literary awards, including the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize in 2013.\n\n", "Q403878": "Aidan Devine is an English Canadian film actor. He was born in the United Kingdom and immigrated with his family to Canada at the age of 15. He studied at Dawson College's Dome Theatre in Montreal, Quebec and began his acting career in Montreal. He would later relocate to Toronto, Ontario. His 1993 breakout role came in Denys Arcand's, Love and Human Remains. Since then he has worked steadily in Canadian and American television and cinema capturing two Gemini Awards; a best actor award in 1997 for his performance as Ted Lindsay in Net Worth and in 1998, a best supporting actor Gemini for his performance as airframe engineer, Jim Chamberlin in The Arrow. He has been nominated three other times.", "Q79301": "Maria Rosa Quario (born 24 May 1961) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from Italy. Nicknamed \"Ninna,\" she had four World Cup victories and 15 podiums, all in slalom. Quario is the mother of alpine racer Federica Brignone (born 1990).\n\n", "Q162917": "S\u00e9bastien Japrisot (4 July 1931 \u2013 4 March 2003) was a French author, screenwriter and film director. His pseudonym was an anagram of Jean-Baptiste Rossi, his real name. Renowned for subverting the rules of the crime genre, Japrisot broke down the established formulas \"into their component pieces to re-combine them in original and paradoxical ways.\" Some critics argue that though Japrisot's work may lack the explicit experimental element present in the novels of some of his contemporaries, it shows influences of structuralist theories and the unorthodox techniques of the New Novelists.\nHe remains little known in the English-speaking world, though all his novels have been translated into English and all but one of them have been made into films.", "Q115547": "William Scott Goldberg (born December 27, 1966) is an American professional wrestler, actor, and former football player. He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the SmackDown brand under the ring name Goldberg. He is also best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW). He has acted in various films and television shows, including Universal Soldier: The Return (1999) and NCIS: Los Angeles.\nOne of the most popular figures of the late 1990s/early 2000s professional wrestling boom, Goldberg rose to fame in WCW with a lengthy undefeated streak in singles competition from 1997 to 1998. During his time with the promotion, Goldberg became a one-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion, two-time WCW United States Heavyweight Champion, and one-time WCW World Tag Team Champion with Bret Hart. Along with Hart, he is the fifth WCW Triple Crown winner.\nFollowing WCW's closure in 2001, Goldberg wrestled for All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) between 2002 and 2003, and for WWE between 2003 and 2004, becoming a one-time World Heavyweight Champion in the latter. After twelve years away from the company, he returned to WWE in 2016 and won the WWE Universal Championship for the first time in February 2017 and won it a second time in February 2020. Goldberg has headlined multiple pay-per-view events for WCW and WWE, including WCW's premier annual event, Starrcade (1998 and 1999) and WWE's premier annual event WrestleMania (the first night of WrestleMania 36). He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2018 the weekend of WrestleMania 34.\nBefore he was a professional wrestler, Goldberg was a professional football player. After first retiring from professional wrestling in 2004, he began working as a commentator for the mixed martial arts promotion EliteXC until its closure. He hosted 26 episodes of Garage Mahal on the DIY Network from 2009 to 2011.", "Q69112": "Rupert Scholz (born 23 May 1937) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union.", "Q1533200": "Austin Percy Brice, Jr., nicknamed \"Big P\" (born March 25, 1923 in New York City) is an American jazz drummer.\nBrice's professional career began around the end of World War II, when he played with Benny Carter, Mercer Ellington, Luis Russell, and Eddie Cleanhead Vinson. He played frequently in Harlem in the early 1950s with Tiny Grimes, Oscar Pettiford, Tab Smith, Lucky Thompson, and Cootie Williams, in addition to leading sessions at Minton's Playhouse. He then played with Billy Taylor (1954-1956), George Shearing (1956-1958), and Kenny Burrell (1958\u201359); from 1959 to 1961 he played behind Sarah Vaughan on tour.\nBrice was Harry Belafonte's drummer for most of the 1960s; he also worked with Ahmad Jamal and Carmen McRae in that decade. He led a group called the New Sounds in the early 1970s, and worked with Sy Oliver and Illinois Jacquet, as well as in Broadway orchestras, later in his career.", "Q435312": "Molly Parker (born 30 June 1972) is a Canadian actress, writer, and director. She is best known for her roles in independent films, as well as television. Her accolades include two Genie Awards, one Independent Spirit Awards nomination, one Primetime Emmy Award nomination, and three nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award.\nA native of the Vancouver, British Columbia suburb of Maple Ridge, Parker began her career in Canadian film and television projects, and garnered critical attention for her portrayal of a necrophiliac medical student in the controversial drama Kissed (1996). She subsequently starred in the television thriller Intensity (1997) before landing her first major American film, the drama Waking the Dead (2000). Parker gained further critical attention for her role as a Las Vegas escort in Wayne Wang's low-budget drama The Center of the World (2001), for which she was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Actress.\nIn the early 2000s, Parker had lead roles in several films, including Max (2002), Pure (also 2002), and Nine Lives (2005). Beginning in 2004, Parker starred as Alma Garret on the HBO Western series Deadwood, appearing in all three seasons. She subsequently appeared in the post-apocalyptic thriller The Road (2009), and the independent drama Trigger (2010). In 2011, she appeared as a recurring guest star in the sixth season of Dexter, before being cast as House Majority Whip Jacqueline Sharp on the Netflix series House of Cards in 2014; Parker appeared in the role for three seasons, earning a Primetime Emmy Nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her performance in the fourth season.\nParker's subsequent film roles include the drama American Pastoral (2016), as well as two Netflix-produced features: the crime drama Small Crimes, and the Stephen King adaptation 1922 (both 2017). Parker also starred in Errol Morris's docudrama miniseries Wormwood. Beginning 2018, Parker starred as Maureen Robinson in Lost in Space, a Netflix-produced remake of the 1965 TV series.", "Q66547": "Seltisberg is a municipality in the district of Liestal in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.", "Q69674": "Michael Cramer (born 16 June 1949) is a German politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2004 until 2019. He is a member of the Alliance '90/The Greens, part of the European Green Party.\nOriginally, Cramer came to Berlin to be a teacher. From 1989 to 2004 Cramer was a Member of the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin, mainly working on Berlin's transport policy, and served as spokesman for transportation issues for Alliance '90/The Greens in Berlin. In 2004 Cramer was first elected to the European Parliament, and was re-elected in 2009 for the Green Party. Cramer was a member of the European Parliament's Committee on Transport and Tourism and between 2014 and 2017 chairperson of that committee. He was part of the Parliament's delegation to the 2008 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Pozna\u0144, Poland.Cramer gives regular tours along the former route of the Berlin Wall; he was one of the members of the Abgeordnetenhaus to push for the Berlin Wall Trail, a memorial trail with steles and explanations along the former Wall. He is also the founder of the Iron Curtain Trail, a project to complete a long-distance cycling route following the old border of the Iron Curtain in Europe.In 2018, Cramer announced that he would not stand in the 2019 European elections but instead resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term.", "Q2680": "Walter Bruce Willis (born March 19, 1955) is an American actor, producer, and singer. Born to a German mother and American father in Idar-Oberstein, Germany, he moved to the United States with his family in 1957. His career began on the Off-Broadway stage in the 1970s. He later achieved fame with his leading role on the hit television series Moonlighting (1985\u20131989). He has since appeared in over 70 films and is widely regarded as an \"action hero\", due to his portrayal of John McClane in the Die Hard franchise (1988\u20132013), and other such roles.\nHis credits also include Death Becomes Her (1992), Pulp Fiction (1994), 12 Monkeys (1995), The Fifth Element and The Jackal (both 1997), Armageddon and Mercury Rising (both 1998), The Sixth Sense (1999), Sin City (2005), Red (2010), Moonrise Kingdom (2012), The Expendables 2 (2012), Looper (2012), and as David Dunn in the Unbreakable film series: Unbreakable (2000), Split (2016) and Glass (2019). He made his Broadway debut in the stage adaptation of Misery in 2015. As a musician, Willis released his debut album, The Return of Bruno, in 1987. He has released two more solo albums since then, in 1989 and 2001.\nWillis is the recipient of several accolades, including a Golden Globe, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and two People's Choice Awards. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006.", "Q11917": "The Republic and canton of Geneva (French: R\u00e9publique et canton de Gen\u00e8ve; Arpitan: R\u00e8publica et canton de Geneva; German: Republik und Kanton Genf; Italian: Repubblica e Cantone di Ginevra; Romansh: Republica e chantun Genevra) is the French-speaking westernmost canton or state of Switzerland, surrounded on almost all sides by France (Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes). As is the case in several other Swiss cantons (canton of Ticino, canton of Neuch\u00e2tel, and canton of Jura), this canton is referred to as a republic within the Swiss Confederation.\nThe canton of Geneva is located in the southwestern corner of Switzerland and is considered one of the most cosmopolitan areas of the country. As a center of the Calvinist Reformation, the city of Geneva has had a great influence on the canton, which essentially consists of the city and its hinterlands.", "Q67881": "Hanns Zischler (born 18 June 1947) is a German actor most famous in America for his portrayal of Hans in Steven Spielberg's film Munich. According to the Internet Movie Database, Zischler has appeared in 171 movies since 1968.\nHe is known in Sweden for his role as Josef Hillman in the second season of the Martin Beck movies, though his voice is dubbed.\nHe is sometimes credited as Hans Zischler, Johann Zischler, or Zischler.", "Q3901730": "Phyllis Ann George (born June 25, 1949), Miss America 1971 and Miss Texas 1970, is an American businesswoman, actress, and former sportscaster. She was also the First Lady of Kentucky from 1979 to 1983.", "Q61228": "Gresham's School is an independent coeducational boarding school in Holt in Norfolk, England. Gresham's School is one of the top 30 International Baccalaureate schools in England.The school was founded in 1555 by Sir John Gresham as a free grammar school for forty boys, following King Henry VIII's dissolution of the Augustinian priory at Beeston Regis. The founder left the school's endowments in the hands of the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers of the City of London, who are still the school's trustees.\nIn the 1890s, an increase in the rental income of property in the City of London led to a major expansion of the school, which built many new buildings on land it owned on the eastern edge of Holt, including several new boarding houses as well as new teaching buildings, library and chapel.\nGresham's began to admit girls in the early 1970s and is now fully co-educational. As well as its senior school, it operates a preparatory and a Nursery and Pre-Prep school, the latter now in the Old School House, the original senior school. Altogether, the three schools teach about eight hundred children.\nIn May 2016, an 18 year old sixth former committed suicide in one of the dorms.", "Q612067": "Brian May (28 July 1934 \u2013 25 April 1997) was an Australian film composer and conductor who was a prominent figure during the Australian New Wave. He is perhaps best known for his scores to Mad Max and Mad Max 2.", "Q808368": "The Barmer Spitze is a peak of the Rieserferner group on the border between Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy.", "Q29250": "William James Murray (born September 21, 1950), professionally known as Bill Murray, is an American actor, comedian, filmmaker, and writer. Known for his deadpan delivery he first rose to fame on Saturday Night Live, a series of performances that earned him his first Emmy Award, and later starred in comedy films\u2014including Meatballs (1979), Caddyshack (1980), Stripes (1981), Tootsie (1982), Ghostbusters (1984), Scrooged (1988), Ghostbusters II (1989), What About Bob? (1991), and Groundhog Day (1993). He also co-directed Quick Change (1990).\nMurray later starred in Sofia Coppola's Lost in Translation (2003), which earned him a Golden Globe and a British Academy Film Award, as well as an Oscar nomination for Best Actor. He also frequently collaborated with directors Wes Anderson and Jim Jarmusch. He received Golden Globe nominations for his roles in Ghostbusters, Rushmore (1998), Hyde Park on Hudson (2012), St. Vincent (2014), and the HBO miniseries Olive Kitteridge (2014), for which he later won his second Primetime Emmy Award. Murray received the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor in 2016.", "Q332632": "Eduardo De Filippo (Italian: [edu\u02c8ardo de fi\u02c8lippo]; 24 May 1900 \u2013 31 October 1984), also known simply as Eduardo was an Italian actor, playwright, screenwriter, author and poet, best known for his Neapolitan works Filumena Marturano and Napoli Milionaria. Considered one of the most important italian artists of 20th century, Eduardo was the author of many theatrical dramas staged and directed by himself first and later awarded and played outside Italy. For his artistic merits and contribution to the culture was named senatore a vita by Italian Presidente della Repubblica Sandro Pertini.", "Q145416": "Baron Tanaka Giichi (\u7530\u4e2d \u7fa9\u4e00, 22 June 1864 \u2013 29 September 1929) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, politician, cabinet minister, and the Prime Minister of Japan from 1927 to 1929.\n\n", "Q67659": "Oppligen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q47589": "Renato Maria Giuseppe Schifani (Italian pronunciation: [re\u02c8nato ski\u02c8fani]; born 11 May 1950) is an Italian politician. A prominent member of the now-defunct centre-right People of Freedom, he joined the New Centre-Right party in 2013, but he left it in 2016 for Forza Italia, the People of Freedom's successor. From 29 April 2008 to 15 March 2013 he was President of the Italian Senate. Schifani was born in Palermo.", "Q19393": "Whale Rider is a 2002 New Zealand-German family drama film written and directed by Niki Caro. Based on the novel of the same name by Witi Ihimaera, the film stars Keisha Castle-Hughes as Kahu Paikea Apirana, a twelve-year-old M\u0101ori girl whose ambition is to become the chief of the tribe. Her grandfather Koro Apirana believes that this is a role reserved for males only. \nThe film was a coproduction between New Zealand and Germany. It was shot on location in Whangara, the setting of the novel. The world premiere was on 9 September 2002, at the Toronto International Film Festival. The film received critical acclaim upon its release. At age 13, Keisha Castle-Hughes became the youngest nominee for the Academy Award for Best Actress before she was surpassed by Quvenzhan\u00e9 Wallis, at age 9, for Beasts of the Southern Wild less than a decade later. The film earned $41.4 million on a NZ$9,235,000 budget. In 2005, the film was named on the BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14.", "Q699": "A fairy tale, fairytale, wonder tale, magic tale, or M\u00e4rchen is an instance of a folklore genre that takes the form of a short story. Such stories typically feature entities such as dwarfs, dragons, elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, griffins, mermaids, talking animals, trolls, unicorns, or witches, and usually magic or enchantments. In most cultures, there is no clear line separating myth from folk or fairy tale; all these together form the literature of preliterate societies. Fairy tales may be distinguished from other folk narratives such as legends (which generally involve belief in the veracity of the events described) and explicit moral tales, including beast fables. The term is mainly used for stories with origins in European tradition and, at least in recent centuries, mostly relates to children's literature.\nIn less technical contexts, the term is also used to describe something blessed with unusual happiness, as in \"fairy-tale ending\" (a happy ending) or \"fairy-tale romance\". Colloquially, the term \"fairy tale\" or \"fairy story\" can also mean any far-fetched story or tall tale; it is used especially of any story that not only is not true, but could not possibly be true. Legends are perceived as real; fairy tales may merge into legends, where the narrative is perceived both by teller and hearers as being grounded in historical truth. However, unlike legends and epics, fairy tales usually do not contain more than superficial references to religion and to actual places, people, and events; they take place \"once upon a time\" rather than in actual times.Fairy tales occur both in oral and in literary form; the name \"fairy tale\" (\"conte de f\u00e9es\" in French) was first ascribed to them by Madame d'Aulnoy in the late 17th century. Many of today's fairy tales have evolved from centuries-old stories that have appeared, with variations, in multiple cultures around the world. The history of the fairy tale is particularly difficult to trace because only the literary forms can survive. Still, according to researchers at universities in Durham and Lisbon, such stories may date back thousands of years, some to the Bronze Age more than 6,500 years ago. Fairy tales, and works derived from fairy tales, are still written today.\nFolklorists have classified fairy tales in various ways. The Aarne-Thompson classification system and the morphological analysis of Vladimir Propp are among the most notable. Other folklorists have interpreted the tales' significance, but no school has been definitively established for the meaning of the tales.", "Q263469": "Spencer Karen Grammer (born October 9, 1983) is an American actress best known for her roles as the voice of Summer Smith in the Adult Swim animated science fiction series Rick and Morty and as Casey Cartwright in the ABC Family college comedy-drama series Greek.\n\n", "Q141670": "Bobby Ray \"Bob\" Etheridge (born August 7, 1941) is an American politician who was the U.S. Representative for North Carolina's 2nd congressional district from 1997 to 2011. He is currently the executive director of the North Carolina office of the U.S. Farm Service Agency.He previously served as a county commissioner, state representative and state superintendent of public instruction. He is a member of the Democratic Party and was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for Governor of North Carolina in 2012.", "Q337992": "Peter Landreth Atkinson (born 19 January 1943) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Hexham from 1992 until 2010.\n\n", "Q264306": "Elizabeth Ann Behrs (born December 26, 1985) is an American actress and writer best known for her starring role as Caroline Channing in the CBS comedy series 2 Broke Girls. The show ran for six seasons and earned Behrs praise and nominations for the Teen and the People's Choice Awards. Having made her screen debut in the 2009 comedy film American Pie Presents: The Book of Love, she later ventured into television roles. After 2 Broke Girls, Behrs returned to feature films with the 2015 productions Chasing Eagle Rock and Hello, My Name Is Doris. She voiced Carrie Williams in the animated film Monsters University (2013) and Moochie in the television series Home: Adventures with Tip & Oh. In 2018, she was cast as Gemma Johnson in the CBS sitcom The Neighborhood.In addition to her acting career, Behrs has authored a self-help book and continues to write the young-adult webcomic Dents. She is also a philanthropist and the founder of the SheHerdPower Foundation, which helps victims of sexual assaults.", "Q74143": "Herbert Knaup (born 23 March 1956) is a German film and television actor. He is perhaps best-known to international audiences for his supporting roles in Run Lola Run (1998) and The Lives of Others (2006).\n\n", "Q376070": "Typhoon is a 1940 American Technicolor south seas adventure film directed by Louis King and starring Dorothy Lamour and Robert Preston. It was nominated for an Oscar for Best Visual Effects (Farciot Edouart, Gordon Jennings, Loren L. Ryder).\n\n", "Q921088": "Doshisha University (\u540c\u5fd7\u793e\u5927\u5b66, D\u014dshisha daigaku), also referred to as Dodai (\u540c\u5927, D\u014ddai), is a private university in Kyoto City, Japan. Established in 1875, it is one of Japan's oldest private institutions of higher learning, and has approximately 30,000 students enrolled on four different campuses in Kyoto. It is one of the Japanese \"Global 30\" universities and one of the \"Kankandoritsu\", a group of the four leading private universities in western Japan's Kansai region.\nDoshisha was founded by Joseph Hardy Neesima as \"Doshisha English School\", and in 1920 it was granted university status. The university now encompasses 14 faculties and 16 graduate schools with numerous affiliated institutions including Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts.", "Q573353": "Brigadier General Sir Robert Murray McCheyne Anderson, (6 August 1865 \u2013 30 December 1940) was a successful Sydney businessman and Australian Army officer. He served as head of the London-based Administrative Headquarters for the Australian Imperial Force during much of the First World War, finishing the conflict as a brigadier general.", "Q109608": "Sophia Thomalla (born 6 October 1989) is a German actress, model, and presenter.", "Q72532": "Friedrich Rudolf Ludwig Freiherr von Canitz (27 November 1654 \u2013 11 August 1699) was a German poet and diplomat. He was one of the few German poets of his era that Frederick the Great enjoyed.Canitz was born in Berlin, Brandenburg. He attended the universities of Leiden and Leipzig, travelled in England, France, Italy and the Netherlands, and on his return was appointed groom of the bedchamber (Kammerjunker) to Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, whom he accompanied on his campaigns in Pomerania and Sweden.\nIn 1680 Canitz became councillor of legation, and he was employed on various embassies. In 1697 Elector Frederick III made him a privy councillor, and Emperor Leopold I created him a baron of the Empire. Having fallen ill on an embassy to the Hague, he obtained his discharge and died at Berlin in 1699.\nCanitz's poems (Nebenstunden unterschiedener Gedichte), which did not appear until after his death (1700), are for the most part dry and stilted imitations of French and Latin models, but they formed a healthy contrast to the coarseness and bombast of the later Silesian poets.\nA complete edition of Canitz's poems was published by U. K\u00f6nig in 1727; see also L. Fulda, Die Gegner der zweiten schlesischen Schule, ii. (1883).", "Q909704": "Brent Briscoe (May 21, 1961 \u2013 October 18, 2017) was an American actor and screenwriter.", "Q116728": "Victoria, Princess Royal (Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa; 21 November 1840 \u2013 5 August 1901) was Empress of Germany and Queen of Prussia by marriage to German Emperor Frederick III. She was the eldest child of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and was created Princess Royal in 1841. She was the mother of Wilhelm II, German Emperor.\nEducated by her father in a politically liberal environment, Victoria was betrothed at the age of fifteen to Prince Frederick of Prussia, with whom she had eight children. Victoria shared with Frederick her liberal views and hopes that Prussia and the later German Empire should become a constitutional monarchy, based on the British model. Criticised for this attitude and for her English origins, Victoria suffered ostracism by the Hohenzollerns and the Berlin court. This isolation increased after the rise to power of Otto von Bismarck (one of her most staunch political opponents) in 1862.\nVictoria was empress for only a few months, during which she had opportunity to influence the policy of the German Empire. Frederick III died in 1888 \u2013 just 99 days after his accession \u2013 from laryngeal cancer and was succeeded by their son William II, who had much more conservative views than his parents. After her husband's death, she became widely known as Empress Frederick (German: Kaiserin Friedrich). The empress dowager then settled in Kronberg im Taunus, where she built Friedrichshof, a castle, named in honour of her late husband. Increasingly isolated after the weddings of her younger daughters, Victoria died of breast cancer on 5 August 1901, not long after her mother's death on 22 January 1901.\nThe correspondence between Victoria and her parents has been preserved almost completely: 3,777 letters from Queen Victoria to her eldest daughter, and about 4,000 letters from the empress to her mother are preserved and catalogued. These give a detailed insight into life at the Prussian court between 1858 and 1900.\n\n", "Q906437": "The Cranbrook Educational Community is an education, research, and public museum complex in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. This National Historic Landmark was founded in the early 20th century by newspaper mogul George Gough Booth. It consists of Cranbrook Schools, Cranbrook Academy of Art, Cranbrook Art Museum, Cranbrook Institute of Science, and Cranbrook House and Gardens. The founders also built Christ Church Cranbrook as a focal point in order to serve the educational complex. However, the church is a separate entity under the Episcopal Diocese of Michigan. The sprawling 319-acre (1,290,000 m2) campus began as a 174-acre (700,000 m2) farm, purchased in 1904. The organization takes its name from Cranbrook, England, the birthplace of the founder's father.\nCranbrook is renowned for its architecture in the Arts and Crafts and Art Deco styles. The chief architect was Eliel Saarinen while Albert Kahn was responsible for the Booth mansion. Sculptors Carl Milles and Marshall Fredericks also spent many years in residence at Cranbrook.", "Q320236": "Be Kind Rewind is a 2008 comedy film written and directed by Michel Gondry, and starring Jack Black, Mos Def, Melonie Diaz, Danny Glover, Mia Farrow and Sigourney Weaver. The film first appeared on January 20, 2008 at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival. It was later shown at the Berlin International Film Festival. The film opened on February 22, 2008 in the United Kingdom and in North America.\nThe title is inspired by a phrase that was commonly displayed on video rental cassettes in America during the medium's heyday.", "Q3531508": "Tonbridge School is an independent boarding and day school for boys in Tonbridge, Kent, England, founded in 1553 by Sir Andrew Judde (sometimes spelled Judd). It is a member of the Eton Group and has close links with the Worshipful Company of Skinners, one of the oldest London livery companies. It is a public school in the British sense of the term.\nThere are currently around 800 boys in the school, aged between 13 and 18. The school occupies a site of 150 acres (607,000 m\u00b2) on the edge of Tonbridge, and is largely self-contained, though most of the boarding and day houses are in nearby streets. Since its foundation the school has been rebuilt twice on the original site. For the academic year 2019/20, Tonbridge charges full boarders up to \u00a314,035 per term and \u00a310,529 per term for day pupils, making it the 4th and 6th most expensive HMC boarding and day school respectively.The headmaster is James Priory who began his tenure at the school in 2018.\nThe school is one of only a very few of the ancient public schools not to have turned co-educational, and there are no plans for this to happen.", "Q262777": "Kara Monaco (born February 26, 1983 in Lakeland, Florida) is an American model. She was chosen as Playmate of the Month by Playboy magazine in June 2005. She appeared on the cover of the June 2006 issue of Playboy as the 2006 Playmate of the Year.", "Q101254": "Newport (Welsh: Casnewydd; [kas\u02c8n\u025bw\u0268\u00f0]) is a city and unitary authority area in south east Wales, on the River Usk close to its confluence with the Severn Estuary, 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Cardiff. At the 2011 census, it was the third largest city in Wales, with a population of 145,700. The city forms part of the Cardiff-Newport metropolitan area, with a population of 1,097,000.\nNewport has been a port since medieval times, when the first Newport Castle was built by the Normans. The town outgrew the earlier Roman town of Caerleon, immediately upstream, and gained its first charter in 1314. It grew significantly in the 19th century, when its port became the focus of coal exports from the eastern South Wales Valleys. Until the rise of Cardiff from the 1850s, Newport was Wales' largest coal-exporting port. Newport was the site of the last large-scale armed insurrection in Britain, the Newport Rising of 1839 led by the Chartists. This was led by the Chartist John Frost which led to the re-branding of the Duffryn High School into John Frost School.\nIn the 20th century, the docks declined in importance, but Newport remained an important manufacturing and engineering centre. It was granted city status in 2002. Newport hosted the Ryder Cup in 2010 and was the venue for the 2014 NATO summit.", "Q2583093": "Kenneth Robert \"Ken\" Lum, OC (Chinese: \u6797\u836b\u5ead; pinyin: L\u00edn Yi\u012bt\u00edng; born 1956) is a Chinese-Canadian artist and educator. Working in a number of media including painting, sculpture and photography, his art ranges from conceptual in orientation to representational in character and is generally concerned with issues of identity in relation to the categories of language, portraiture and spatial politics.", "Q525115": "Henri Georges Stephane Adolphe Opper de Blowitz (28 December 1825 \u2013 18 January 1903), previously Heinrich Opper and also known as Heinrich Opper von Blowitz, was a Bohemian journalist.", "Q78989": "Franz Xaver Nagl S.T.D. (26 November 1855 \u2013 4 February 1913) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Vienna as well as Titular Latin Archbishop of Tyre.", "Q727786": "Raffaele Vallone (17 February 1916 \u2013 31 October 2002) was an Italian footballer and international film star.", "Q102775": "Jakob Immanuel Pyra (1715-1744) was a German poet.", "Q869": "Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces. At 513,120 km2 (198,120 sq mi) and over 68 million people, Thailand is the world's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country. The capital and largest city is Bangkok, a special administrative area. Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. It is a unitary state. Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, the most recent coup, in 2014, established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta.\nTai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century. Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms, Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang, Sukhothai, Lan Na and Ayutthaya, which rivalled each other. Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya, now one of the great powers in the region. Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai's reign (1656\u20131688), gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese\u2013Siamese War. Taksin (r. 1767\u20131782) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom. He was succeeded in 1782 by Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (r. 1782\u20131809), the first monarch of the Chakri dynasty and founder of the Rattanakosin Kingdom, which lasted into the early 20th century.\nThrough the 18th and 19th centuries, Siam faced pressure from France and the United Kingdom, including forced concessions of territory; nevertheless, it remained the only Southeast Asian country to avoid direct Western rule. Following a bloodless revolution in 1932, Siam became a constitutional monarchy and changed its official name to \"Thailand\". While it joined the Allies in World War I, Thailand was an Axis satellite in World War II. In the late 1950s, a military coup under Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat revived the monarchy's historically influential role in politics. Thailand became a major ally of the United States, and played a key anti-communist role in the region as a member of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). Apart from a brief period of parliamentary democracy in the mid-1970s, Thailand has periodically alternated between democracy and military rule. In 2013, Thailand endured a political crisis that culminated in two coups and the establishment of its current and 20th constitution by a military junta.\nThailand is a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and remains a major ally of the US. Despite comparatively sporadic changes in leadership, it is considered a regional power in Southeast Asia and a middle power in global affairs. With a high level of human development, the second-largest economy in Southeast Asia, and the 20th-largest by PPP, Thailand is classified as a newly industrialized economy; manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism are leading sectors of the economy.", "Q266539": "Nadine Labaki (Arabic: \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0643\u064a\u200e N\u0101d\u012bn Labik\u012b; born February 18, 1974) is a Lebanese actress, director and activist. Labaki first came into the spotlight as an actress in the early 2000s. Her film-making career began in 2007 after the release of her debut film, Caramel, which premiered at the Cannes 2007 Film Festival. She is known for demonstrating everyday aspects of Lebanese life and covering a range of political issues such as war, poverty, and feminism. She is the first female Arab director to be nominated for an Oscar in the category for Best Foreign Language Film.", "Q180004": "Fergie Duhamel (; born Stacy Ann Ferguson; March 27, 1975) is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, and actress. She originally achieved chart success as part of the hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas. Her debut solo album, The Dutchess (2006), saw commercial success and spawned three Billboard Hot 100 number one singles: \"London Bridge\", \"Glamorous\", and \"Big Girls Don't Cry\".Fergie was originally a member of the children's television series Kids Incorporated and the girl group Wild Orchid. In 2001, she left the group and in the subsequent year joined The Black Eyed Peas. She worked with The Black Eyed Peas on two albums before releasing her debut solo album, The Dutchess, in 2006. She continued her collaboration with The Black Eyed Peas and released a further two albums with them, The E.N.D. (2009) and The Beginning (2010). Fergie began touring with her own group in 2009. Her second solo album, Double Dutchess, was released in 2017.\nFergie launched her first fragrance, Outspoken, under Avon in May 2010 and has since released four more fragrances.", "Q1600882": "Lawrence Michael Andrew Goodliffe (1 October 1914 \u2013 20 March 1976) was an English actor known for playing suave roles such as doctors, lawyers and army officers. He was also sometimes cast in working class parts.", "Q259911": "Gunnel M\u00e4rtha Ingeg\u00e4rd Lindblom (born 18 December 1931) is a Swedish film actress and director. As an actress she has been particularly associated with the work of Ingmar Bergman, though in 1965 she performed the lead role in Miss Julie for BBC Television. She also played the key-role of The Mummy in Bergman's staging of Strindberg's The Ghost Sonata in 1998-2000, a performance that earned her much critical acclaim.\nShe appeared on stage as Tintomara's mother in Carl Almqvist's play Drottningens juvelsmycke (English: The Queen's Tiara), staged at Dramaten for the theatre's 100-year jubilee in 2008. In 2009, she directed the Jon Fosse play Flicka i gul regnjacka (Girl in Yellow Raincoat) at the Royal Dramatic Theatre, starring Stina Ekblad and Irene Lindh, which premiered on 9 October.Lindblom is married to senior lecturer Sture Helander.", "Q69884": "Erich Mu\u00dffeldt, (18 February 1913 \u2013 24 January 1948) was a German war criminal, an SS NCO who served in two extermination camps during World War II in occupied Poland: Auschwitz and Majdanek. He was arrested and charged by the Allies originally in 1946, then transferred to Poland where the full extent of his war crimes was revealed thanks to new evidence. He was retried by the Supreme National Tribunal at the Auschwitz Trial in Krak\u00f3w, and found guilty of crimes against humanity. Muhsfeldt was sentenced to death by hanging in December 1947, and executed on 24 January 1948.Muhsfeldt was a baker in civilian life. At the time of his service in the SS-Totenkopfverb\u00e4nde he was reportedly married with one son. The fate of his wife is unclear. According to Mikl\u00f3s Nyiszli, his wife was killed in an air raid, and his son sent to the Russian front.", "Q83285": "Durr\u00ebs (Albanian pronunciation: [\u02c8du:r\u0259s]) is the second most populous city in the Republic of Albania. The city is the capital of the surrounding Durr\u00ebs County, one of 12 constituent counties of the country. By air, it is 165 kilometres (103 miles) northwest of Sarand\u00eb, 31 kilometres (19 miles) west of Tirana, 83 kilometres (52 miles) south of Shkod\u00ebr and 579 kilometres (360 miles) east of Rome. Located on the Adriatic Sea, it is the country's most ancient and economic and historic center.\nThe city was founded by ancient Greek colonists from Corinth and Corfu under the name of Epidamnos around the 7th century BC on the coast of the Illyrian Taulantii. Later known as Dyrrachium, it essentially developed to become significant as it became an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor the Byzantine Empire. The Via Egnatia, the continuation of the Via Appia, started in the city and led across the interior of the Balkan Peninsula to Constantinople in the east. \nIn the Middle Ages, it was contested between Bulgarian, Venetian and Ottoman dominions.\nFollowing the Albanian Declaration of Independence, the city served as the capital of the Principality of Albania for a short period of time. Subsequently, it was annexed by the Kingdom of Italy and Nazi Germany in the interwar period. The city experienced a strong expansion in its demography and economic activity during Communism in Albania.\nDurr\u00ebs is served by the Port of Durr\u00ebs, one of the largest on the Adriatic Sea, which connects the city to Italy and other neighbouring countries. Its most considerable attraction is the Amphitheatre of Durr\u00ebs that is included on the tentative list of Albania for designation as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Once having a capacity for 20,000 people, it is the largest amphitheatre in the Balkan Peninsula.", "Q77462": "Dirk Felsenheimer (born 14 December 1962 in the Spandau borough of Berlin), better known under his stage name Bela B, is a German musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known for being the drummer and one of the singers in the German band Die \u00c4rzte. In 2006, he released his first solo album entitled Bingo. Bela B is also an actor and has done several voice-overs for television and film.", "Q698362": "Falkenbach (German: [\u02c8falk\u0259nbax]) is a pagan black metal group from Germany that is signed to Prophecy Productions. The name means \"Falconbrook\" in German.\nThey are one of the very first Viking metal bands, starting in 1989, with their first release that same year. The one permanent member is Vratyas Vakyas (real name Markus T\u00fcmmers) who was born in Germany, but lived in Iceland in the late 1980s.", "Q583922": "Washington Beltr\u00e1n Mullin (6 April 1914, Montevideo \u2013 19 February 2003) was a Uruguayan political figure.", "Q1383968": "Glen Velez (born 1949) is an American percussionist, vocalist, and composer, specializing in frame drums from around the world. He is largely responsible for the increasing popularity of frame drums in the United States and around the world. Velez is married to Loire.", "Q706748": "Powerwolf, often stylized as POWERWOLF, is a German power metal band founded in 2003 in Saarbr\u00fccken by members of Red Aim. The band consists of vocalist Karsten Brill as \"Attila Dorn\", lead guitarist Benjamin Buss as \"Matthew Greywolf\", bassist/rhythm guitarist David Vogt as \"Charles Greywolf\", keyboardist Christian Jost as \"Falk Maria Schlegel\" and drummer Roel van Helden. The group uses dark themes and images, musically and lyrically, contrary to traditional power metal music, as well as corpse paint, gothic-tinged compositions and songs about Transylvanian werewolf and vampire legends.\nThey released their debut album Return in Bloodred in 2005. Their second album, Lupus Dei, was released in 2007. The band entered the official German charts for the first time in 2009 with their third album Bible of the Beast. Shortly after its release, their first drummer Stefan Gemballa (stage name St\u00e9fane Fun\u00e8bre) left the band. He was replaced by Tom Diener, who was replaced in 2011 by Roel van Helden. In the same year, the band released their fourth album Blood of the Saints. In 2012, Powerwolf signed with Napalm Records and released Preachers of the Night in 2013. It has debuted at No. 1 in Germany. Their sixth album Blessed & Possessed, released in 2015, was certified gold in the Czech Republic. Their seventh album The Sacrament of Sin was released on 20 July 2018, charting well internationally.\nPowerwolf has embarked on several tours, with a majority of their tour dates taking place inside of Europe. They also change their costumes for every album.\nMost of Powerwolf's albums were well received by fans and critics alike. The music is composed by the entire band, and the lyrics, written mostly by Matthew Greywolf, are inspired by Christianity and ancient Romanian legends. Over the years a theme has developed which personifies the band members as werewolves, leading fans to refer to the band affectionately as \"The Wolves\".", "Q7734103": "The First Churchills is a BBC serial from 1969 about the life of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and his wife, Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough. It stars John Neville as the duke and Susan Hampshire as the duchess, was written and produced by Donald Wilson, and was directed by David Giles. It is notable as being the first programme shown on PBS's long-running Masterpiece series in the United States. Wilson and Giles were fresh from their success in writing and directing The Forsyte Saga, which also starred Susan Hampshire and Margaret Tyzack.", "Q367155": "Robert Wallace Forster Jr. (July 13, 1941 \u2013 October 11, 2019) was an American actor, known for his roles as John Cassellis in Medium Cool (1969), Captain Dan Holland in The Black Hole (1979), Abdul Rafai in The Delta Force (1986), and Max Cherry in Jackie Brown (1997), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Forster's varied filmography includes: Reflections in a Golden Eye (1967), Alligator (1980), Me, Myself & Irene (2000), Mulholland Drive (2001), The Descendants (2011), Olympus Has Fallen (2013), London Has Fallen (2016), and What They Had (2018).\nHe also had prominent roles in television series such as Banyon (1971\u20131973), Heroes (2007\u20132008), and Twin Peaks (2017). He won the Saturn Award for Best Guest Starring Role on Television for his performance as Ed Galbraith in the Breaking Bad episode \"Granite State\" (2013), a role he reprised in the film El Camino: A Breaking Bad Movie, which premiered the day of his death and posthumously reprised in the fifth season of Better Call Saul (2020).\n\n", "Q73604": "Hedda Eulenberg (6 March 1876 \u2013 13 September 1960) was a German translator and writer", "Q725191": "Carl Robert Jakobson (26 July [O.S. 14 July] 1841 \u2013 19 March [O.S. 7 March] 1882) was an Estonian writer, politician and teacher active in the Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire. He was one of the most important persons of the Estonian national awakening in the second half of the 19th century.", "Q235607": "Kelly Rowan (born October 26, 1965) is a Canadian film and television actress and former fashion model. A native of Ottawa, Rowan studied acting in London and New York City before working as a model. She was subsequently featured in the horror film The Gate (1987) before earning critical acclaim for her performance in the Canadian television film Adrift, for which she won a Gemini Award for Best Actress. After a lead role in Candyman: Farewell to the Flesh (1995), Rowan starred as Mattie Shaw on the series Lonesome Dove: The Outlaw Years (1996\u20131997). \nRowan went on to garner international fame for her portrayal of Californian real estate developer Kirsten Cohen on the American television series The O.C., which ran from 2003 to 2007. She subsequently had a leading role on the crime series Perception from 2012 to 2015.\n\n", "Q273652": "Kitar\u014d (\u559c\u591a\u90ce), born Masanori Takahashi (\u9ad8\u6a4b \u6b63\u5247) (February 4, 1953), is a Japanese recording artist, composer, record producer, and arranger noted for his electronic-instrumental music, and is often associated with and regarded as one of the most prominent musical acts of new-age music. He is the winner of a Grammy Award for Best New Age Album (Thinking of You (1999); with a record 16 nominations in the same category) and a Golden Globe Award for the Heaven & Earth (1993) original score.", "Q25442": "The Sorbian languages (Upper Sorbian: serbska r\u011b\u010d, Lower Sorbian: serbska r\u011bc) are two closely related, but only partially mutually intelligible, West Slavic languages spoken by the Sorbs, a West Slavic minority in the Lusatia region of eastern Germany. They are classified under the West Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages and are therefore closely related to the other two West Slavic subgroups: Lechitic and Czech\u2013Slovak. Historically, the languages have also been known as Wendish (named after the Wends, the earliest Slavic people in modern Poland and Germany) or Lusatian. Their collective ISO 639-2 code is wen.\nThe two Sorbian languages and literary standards are Upper Sorbian (hornjoserbsce), spoken by about 40,000 people in Saxony, and Lower Sorbian (dolnoserbski) spoken by about 10,000 people in Brandenburg. The area where the two languages are spoken is known as Lusatia (\u0141u\u017eica in Upper Sorbian, \u0141u\u017eyca in Lower Sorbian, or Lausitz in German).", "Q608017": "Sir Antony George Anson Fisher (28 June 1915 \u2013 8 July 1988), nicknamed AGAF, was a British businessman and think tank founder. He participated in the formation of various libertarian organisations during the second half of the twentieth century, including the Institute of Economic Affairs and the Atlas Network. Through Atlas, he helped establish up to 150 other institutions worldwide.", "Q75275": "Karl von Bodelschwingh-Velmede (10 December 1800 \u2013 12 May 1873) was a Prussian politician.\nVon Bodelschwingh-Velmede was born in Velmede, near Hamm in the County of Mark. After serving as a one-year volunteer in the Guards Rifles Battalion he studied law, and then entered public life, serving in a string of posts from 1837\u201345: as Landtag in Hamm, Oberregierungsrat in Minden, vice-president of the Regierungsbezirk of M\u00fcnster, and president of the Regierungsbezirk of Arnsberg.\nIn 1849 he entered politics at the Prussian level, entering the Abgeordnetenhaus (the Prussian lower house) as a conservative delegate. He served as Finance Minister from 1851\u201358 under Otto Theodor von Manteuffel and again from 1862\u201366 under Otto von Bismarck. He resigned in 1866 from an unwillingness to take on the responsibility of procuring funds for the Austro-Prussian War.\nHis brother, Ernst von Bodelschwingh-Velmede, was also active in Prussian politics.", "Q449959": "Richard Bruce Kind (born November 22, 1956) is an American actor and voice actor, known for his roles in the sitcoms Mad About You (as Dr. Mark Devanow), Spin City (as Paul Lassiter), and Curb Your Enthusiasm (as Larry's cousin, Andy) He also does voice performances in various Pixar films such as A Bug's Life, the Cars series, Toy Story 3, and Inside Out.", "Q234519": "Angela Olive Carter (later Pearce) (n\u00e9e Stalker; 7 May 1940 \u2013 16 February 1992), who published under the name Angela Carter, was an English novelist, short story writer, poet, and journalist, known for her feminist, magical realism, and picaresque works. She is best known for her book The Bloody Chamber, which was published in 1979. In 2008, The Times ranked Carter tenth in their list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\". In 2012, Nights at the Circus was selected as the best ever winner of the James Tait Black Memorial Prize.", "Q106513": "Richard Wolfgang Sonnenfeldt (23 July 1923 Berlin, Germany \u2013 9 October 2009, Port Washington, New York) was a Jewish American engineer and corporate executive most notable for being the U.S. prosecution team's chief interpreter in 1945 prior to the Nuremberg Trial after World War II.", "Q5073118": "Chapel of the Pines Crematory is a crematory and columbarium located at 1605 South Catalina Street, Los Angeles, in the U.S. state of California, in the historic West Adams District a short distance southwest of Downtown. It is beside Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery, one street east, at the southwest corner of Catalina and Venice Boulevard.\nEstablished in 1903, this domed structure, which looks like an observatory, provides crematory services and columbarium inurnment. It is the final resting place for the cremains of a number of noted persons.", "Q704639": "Rodolfo Neri Vela (born 19 February 1952) is a Mexican scientist and astronaut who flew aboard a NASA Space Shuttle mission in the year 1985. He is the first Mexican, and the second Latin American to have traveled to space.", "Q1711743": "Lloyd Colquitt Glenn (November 21, 1909 \u2014 May 23, 1985) was an American R&B pianist, bandleader and arranger, who was a pioneer of the \"West Coast\" blues style.", "Q233510": "Alexandra Morgan Carrasco (born Alexandra Patricia Morgan; July 2, 1989) is an American soccer player for the Orlando Pride of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), the highest division of women's professional soccer in the United States, and the United States women's national soccer team. Since 2018, she has co-captained the national team with Carli Lloyd and Megan Rapinoe.Shortly after graduating early from the University of California, Berkeley, where she played for the California Golden Bears, Morgan was drafted number one overall in the 2011 WPS Draft by the Western New York Flash. There, she made her professional debut and helped the team win the league championship. Morgan, who was 22 at the time, was the youngest player on the national team at the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup, where the team won silver. At the 2012 London Olympics, she scored the match-winning goal in the 123rd minute of the semi-final match against Canada. She finished 2012 with 28 goals and 21 assists, joining Mia Hamm as the only American woman to score 20 goals and collect 20 assists in the same calendar year and making her the sixth and youngest U.S. player to score 20 goals in a single season. She was subsequently named U.S. Soccer Female Athlete of the Year and was a FIFA World Player of the Year finalist. Morgan also helped the United States win their titles at the 2015 and 2019 FIFA Women's World Cups, where she was named to the Dream Team for both tournaments, while she won the Silver Boot in 2019.\nIn 2013, the inaugural season of the National Women's Soccer League, Morgan joined Portland Thorns FC and helped the team win the league title that year. Morgan played for the Thorns through the 2015 season, after which she was traded to first-year franchise Orlando Pride. In 2017, Morgan went on loan to French team Lyon, where she won the continental European treble, which included the UEFA Women's Champions League.\nOff the field, Morgan teamed with Simon & Schuster to write a middle-grade book series about four soccer players: The Kicks. The first book in the series, Saving the Team, debuted at number seven on The New York Times Best Seller list in May 2013. Additionally, a film starring Morgan in her acting debut, Alex & Me, was released in June 2018 where she plays a fictionalized version of herself.\nIn 2015, Morgan was ranked by Time as the top-paid American women's soccer player, largely due to her numerous endorsement deals. Morgan, along with Canada's Christine Sinclair and Australia's Steph Catley, became the first women's soccer players to appear on the cover of FIFA video games in 2015. Morgan also appeared alongside Lionel Messi on covers of FIFA 16 sold in the United States.", "Q1530721": "The National Film Board of Canada (or simply National Film Board or NFB) (French: Office national du film du Canada, or ONF) is Canada's public film and digital media producer and distributor. An agency of the Government of Canada, the NFB produces and distributes documentary films, animation, web documentaries, and alternative dramas. In total, the NFB has produced over 3,000 productions since its inception, which have won over 5,000 awards. The NFB reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Canadian Heritage. It has English-language and French-language production branches.", "Q275545": "Dorothy Celene Thompson (July 9, 1893 \u2013 January 30, 1961) was an American journalist and radio broadcaster, who in 1939 was recognized by Time magazine as being equal in influence to Eleanor Roosevelt. She is notable as the first American journalist to be expelled from Nazi Germany in 1934 and as one of the few women news commentators on radio during the 1930s. She is regarded by some as the \"First Lady of American Journalism\".", "Q348808": "Vasile Pu\u015fca\u015f (Romanian pronunciation: [va\u02c8sile \u02c8pu\u0283ka\u0283]; b. Surduc, July 8, 1952) is a Romanian politician, diplomat and International Relations professor.", "Q96688": "Franz Xaver Kappus (17 May 1883 \u2013 9 October 1966) was an Austrian military officer, journalist, editor and writer who wrote poetry, short-stories, novels and screenplays. Kappus is known chiefly as the military academy cadet who wrote to Austrian poet Rainer Maria Rilke (1875\u20131926) for advice in a series of letters from 1902 to 1908 that were assembled and published in the best-selling book Letters to a Young Poet (1929).", "Q274883": "Cecily April Adams (February 6, 1958 \u2013 March 3, 2004) was an American actress, casting director, and lyricist.", "Q327217": "Holmes Osborne (born November 7, 1947) is an American actor, best known for starring in Richard Kelly's films Donnie Darko (2001), Southland Tales (2007), and The Box (2009). He has also starred in That Thing You Do! (1996), Affliction (1997), Bring It On (2000), Cheaper by the Dozen (2003), and Larry Crowne (2011).", "Q106275": "Juliette Binoche (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292ylj\u025bt bin\u0254\u0283]; born 9 March 1964) is a French actress, artist, and dancer. She has appeared in more than 60 feature films, been the recipient of numerous international awards, and performed frequently on stage \u2013 both as an actress and dancer \u2013 internationally. She began taking acting lessons during adolescence and, after performing in several stage productions, was cast in the films of such notable auteur directors as Jean-Luc Godard (Hail Mary, 1985), Jacques Doillon (Family Life, 1985), and Andr\u00e9 T\u00e9chin\u00e9; the latter would make her a star in France with the leading role in his 1985 drama Rendez-vous. Her sensual performance in her English-language debut The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1988), directed by Philip Kaufman, launched her international career.\nShe joined Krzysztof Kie\u015blowski's Three Colors: Blue (1993), a performance for which she won the Venice Film Festival Award for Best Actress and a C\u00e9sar. Three years later, Binoche gained further acclaim in Anthony Minghella's The English Patient (1996), for which she was awarded an Academy Award and a BAFTA for Best Supporting Actress, in addition to the Best Actress Award at the 1997 Berlin International Film Festival. For her performance in Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m's romantic comedy Chocolat (2000), Binoche was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress in 2001.\nDuring the 2000s, she maintained a successful career, alternating between French and English language roles in both mainstream and art-house productions. In 2010, she won the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival for her role in Abbas Kiarostami's Certified Copy making her the first actress to win the European \"Best Actress Triple Crown\" (for winning best actress awards at the Berlin, Cannes and Venice film festivals).\nThroughout her career, Binoche has intermittently appeared on stage, most notably in a 1998 London production of Luigi Pirandello's Naked and in a 2000 production of Harold Pinter's Betrayal on Broadway for which she was nominated for a Tony Award. In 2008, she began a world tour with a modern dance production in-i devised in collaboration with Akram Khan. Often referred to as \"La Binoche\" by the press, her other notable performances include: Mauvais Sang (1986), Les Amants du Pont-Neuf (1991), Damage (1992), The Horseman on the Roof (1995), Code Unknown (2000), Cach\u00e9 (2005), Breaking and Entering (2006), Flight of the Red Balloon (2007), Camille Claudel 1915 (2013), and Clouds of Sils Maria (2014).", "Q938297": "Roger-Pol Droit (born 1949) is a French academic and philosopher. Alumnus of the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure de Saint-Cloud, he has written numerous books, most notably 101 Experiments in the Philosophy of Everyday Life, which has been translated into twenty-two languages. For 25 years, he has studied the way the East is seen in Western philosophy.", "Q8385": "Ostrava (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8ostrava], locally: [o\u02c8strava] (listen); Polish: Ostrawa, German: Ostrau) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic, and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region. It is 15 km (9 mi) from the border with Poland, at the meeting point of four rivers: the Odra, Opava, Ostravice and Lu\u010dina. In terms of both population and area Ostrava is the third largest city in the Czech Republic, the second largest city in Moravia, and the largest city in Czech Silesia. It straddles the border of the two historic provinces of Moravia and Silesia. The population is almost 300,000 people. The wider conurbation \u2013 which also includes the towns of Bohum\u00edn, Doubrava, Hav\u00ed\u0159ov, Karvin\u00e1, Orlov\u00e1, Pet\u0159vald and Rychvald \u2013 is home to about 500,000 people, making it the largest urban area in the Czech Republic apart from the capital, Prague.\nOstrava grew in importance due to its position at the heart of a major coalfield, becoming an important industrial centre. It was previously known as the country's \"steel heart\" thanks to its status as a coal-mining and metallurgical centre, but since the Velvet Revolution (the fall of communism in 1989) it has undergone radical and far-reaching changes to its economic base. Industries have been thoroughly restructured, and the last coal was mined in the city in 1994. However, remnants of the city's industrial past are visible in the Lower V\u00edtkovice area, a former coal-mining, coke production and ironworks complex in the city centre which retains its historic industrial architecture. Lower V\u00edtkovice has applied for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List.\nOstrava is home to various cultural facilities including theatres and galleries. Various cultural and sporting events take place in Ostrava throughout the year, including the Colours of Ostrava music festival, the Jan\u00e1\u010dek May classical music festival, the Summer Shakespeare Festival and NATO Days. Ostrava is home to two public universities: the V\u0160B-Technical University and the University of Ostrava. In 2014 Ostrava was a European City of Sport. The city co-hosted (with Prague) the IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship in 2004 and 2015.\n\n", "Q63371": "Heinrich Schwarz (14 June 1906 \u2013 20 March 1947) was an SS-Hauptsturmf\u00fchrer (captain) and concentration camp officer who served as commandant of Auschwitz III-Monowitz in Nazi-occupied Poland and Natzweiler-Struthof in Alsace-Lorraine.\nSchwarz was born in Munich on 14 June 1906 and originally worked as a book printer. He joined both the Nazi Party and the SS in November 1931. Following the outbreak of World War II, Schwarz served with the Waffen-SS on the Western Front until October 1940, when he was transferred to the SS-Concentration Camps Inspectorate. He was stationed at both the Mauthausen and Sachsenhausen concentration camps during 1940-1941.", "Q289926": "Danuta Stenka (born 10 October 1961 in Sierakowice, Poland) is a Polish actress. She is one of the leading Polish film and theatre actresses. \nFrom 1991, she spent a decade working at Teatr Dramatyczny in Warsaw, then at TR Warszawa. She earned critical acclaim for her distinguished roles in Krzysztof Warlikowski's performances (Electra, The Taming of the Shrew, Krum, Angels in America and (A)pollonia). In 2003, she joined the ensemble of the National Theatre in Warsaw, taking on roles with many renowned directors, including Robert Wilson (Lady from the Sea), Grzegorz Jarzyna (Giovanni), and Maja Kleczewska (Phaedra, Marat/Sade, Oresteia). She played in many films and TV series and won over 30 awards for her theatre and film work. She received the Silver Medal for Merit to Culture\u201a Gloria Artis\u2019, awarded by the Polish Ministry of Culture.", "Q339029": "Murder at the Gallop (1963) is the second of four Miss Marple films made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was based on the novel After the Funeral by Agatha Christie, and starred Dame Margaret Rutherford as Miss Jane Marple, Charles \"Bud\" Tingwell as Inspector Craddock and Stringer Davis (Rutherford's real-life husband) as Jane Marple's friend Mr. Stringer.The film changes both the action and the characters. The original novel featured Hercule Poirot rather than Miss Marple, and Christie's trademark suspense was replaced by light comedy.\nThe film also stars Sir Robert Morley and Dame Flora Robson and was directed by George Pollock, with James P. Cavanagh credited with the adaptation. The music was by Ron Goodwin. The film's location shots included Amersham, Little Marlow and Hilfield Castle.This is a sequel to Murder, She Said and was followed by Murder Most Foul and Murder Ahoy!, all with Rutherford starring as Christie's famed amateur sleuth.", "Q73162": "Christian de la Mazi\u00e8re (August 22, 1922 in Tunis \u2013 February 15, 2006) was a journalist and member of the Charlemagne Division of the Waffen-SS. He is known for discussing his role in the documentary The Sorrow and the Pity and also wrote a book titled The Captive Dreamer. At the start of the war, he served in the French Army and remained in the military of Vichy France until 1942. After being discharged, he worked for the fascist newspaper Le Pays Libre, joining the Charlemagne Division just before the Liberation of Paris in 1944. He was taken prisoner in Pomerania by Polish forces in the Red Army.\nDespite pretending to have served as a forced labourer, he was revealed as a member of the Waffen-SS and after the war was sentenced to prison in 1946. He received a pardon in 1948. He became a talent manager and later worked for the magazine version of Le Figaro and served as an advisor to Togolese military ruler Gnassingb\u00e9 Eyad\u00e9ma.He is believed to be the basis for the character of the same name in Rachel Kushner's novel Telex from Cuba.", "Q117378": "Wilbur Wants to Kill Himself is a 2002 Danish-Scottish drama film directed by Lone Scherfig and starring Jamie Sives, Adrian Rawlins, Shirley Henderson, Lisa McKinlay, Mads Mikkelsen, and Julia Davis. A man named Harbour and his suicidal brother Wilbur inherit their father's secondhand bookshop in their native Glasgow. Their lives become entangled with a woman called Alice and her daughter Mary after the two visit the shop. Idealistic young Mary captures Wilbur's heart, and may be able to help save his life or help him find peace.", "Q472071": "Sir Henry Maximilian \"Max\" Beerbohm (24 August 1872 \u2013 20 May 1956) was an English essayist, parodist and caricaturist under the signature Max. He first became known in the 1890s as a dandy and a humorist. He was the drama critic for the Saturday Review from 1898 until 1910, when he relocated to Rapallo, Italy. In his later years he was popular for his occasional radio broadcasts. Among his best-known works is his only novel, Zuleika Dobson, published in 1911. His caricatures, drawn usually in pen or pencil with muted watercolour tinting, are in many public collections.", "Q68224": "Morcote is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Ticino situated about 10 kilometres from Lugano in the district of Lugano on the shore of Lake Lugano.", "Q5879": "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (, also US: GURT-\u0259, GAYT-\u0259, -\u2060ee; German: [\u02c8jo\u02d0han \u02c8v\u0254lf\u0261a\u014b f\u0254n \u02c8\u0261\u00f8\u02d0t\u0259] (listen); 28 August 1749 \u2013 22 March 1832) was a German writer and statesman. His works include: four novels; epic and lyric poetry; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; and treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour. In addition, numerous literary and scientific fragments, more than 10,000 letters, and nearly 3,000 drawings by him have survived.\nA literary celebrity by the age of 25, Goethe was ennobled by the Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Karl August, in 1782 after taking up residence in Weimar in November 1775 following the success of his first novel, The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774). He was an early participant in the Sturm und Drang literary movement. During his first ten years in Weimar, Goethe became a member of the Duke's privy council, sat on the war and highway commissions, oversaw the reopening of silver mines in nearby Ilmenau, and implemented a series of administrative reforms at the University of Jena. He also contributed to the planning of Weimar's botanical park and the rebuilding of its Ducal Palace.Goethe's first major scientific work, the Metamorphosis of Plants, was published after he returned from a 1788 tour of Italy. In 1791 he was made managing director of the theatre at Weimar, and in 1794 he began a friendship with the dramatist, historian, and philosopher Friedrich Schiller, whose plays he premiered until Schiller's death in 1805. During this period Goethe published his second novel, Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship; the verse epic Hermann and Dorothea, and, in 1808, the first part of his most celebrated drama, Faust. His conversations and various shared undertakings throughout the 1790s with Schiller, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Johann Gottfried Herder, Alexander von Humboldt, Wilhelm von Humboldt, and August and Friedrich Schlegel have come to be collectively termed Weimar Classicism.\nThe German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer named Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship one of the four greatest novels ever written, while the American philosopher and essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson selected Goethe as one of six \"representative men\" in his work of the same name (along with Plato, Emanuel Swedenborg, Montaigne, Napoleon, and Shakespeare). Goethe's comments and observations form the basis of several biographical works, notably Johann Peter Eckermann's Conversations with Goethe (1836).", "Q11081": "Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and gradually worsens over time. It is the cause of 60\u201370% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation (including easily getting lost), mood swings, loss of motivation, not managing self-care, and behavioural issues. As a person's condition declines, they often withdraw from family and society. Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death. Although the speed of progression can vary, the typical life expectancy following diagnosis is three to nine years.The cause of Alzheimer's disease is poorly understood. About 70% of the risk is believed to be inherited from a person's parents, with many genes usually involved. Other risk factors include a history of head injuries, depression, and hypertension. The disease process is associated with plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. A probable diagnosis is based on the history of the illness and cognitive testing with medical imaging and blood tests to rule out other possible causes. Initial symptoms are often mistaken for normal ageing. Examination of brain tissue is needed for a definite diagnosis. Mental and physical exercise, and avoiding obesity may decrease the risk of AD; however, evidence to support these recommendations is weak. There are no medications or supplements that have been shown to decrease risk.No treatments stop or reverse its progression, though some may temporarily improve symptoms. Affected people increasingly rely on others for assistance, often placing a burden on the caregiver. The pressures can include social, psychological, physical, and economic elements. Exercise programs may be beneficial with respect to activities of daily living and can potentially improve outcomes. Behavioural problems or psychosis due to dementia are often treated with antipsychotics, but this is not usually recommended, as there is little benefit and an increased risk of early death.In 2015, there were approximately 29.8 million people worldwide with AD. It most often begins in people over 65 years of age, although 4\u20135% of cases are early-onset Alzheimer's. It affects about 6% of people 65 years and older. In 2015, dementia resulted in about 1.9 million deaths. It was first described by, and later named after, German psychiatrist and pathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906. In developed countries, AD is one of the most financially costly diseases.", "Q135867": "The Las Vegas Story is a 1952 suspense film noir starring Jane Russell and Victor Mature, directed by Robert Stevenson and produced by Robert Sparks and Howard Hughes with Samuel Bischoff as the executive producer.\n\n", "Q173832": "Moyshe Kulbak (Yiddish: \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d1\u05d0\u05b7\u05e7\u200e, Belarusian: \u041c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0435\u0439 (\u041c\u043e\u0439\u0448\u0430) \u041a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0430\u043a; 1896, Smarho\u0144 \u2013 1937, near Minsk) was a Yiddish-language writer.", "Q721491": "Vincent Bollor\u00e9 (born 1 April 1952) is a French billionaire businessman. He is the chairman and CEO of the investment group Bollor\u00e9.", "Q314805": "Elliott Gould (n\u00e9 Goldstein; born August 29, 1938) is an American actor. He began acting in Hollywood films during the 1960s. In addition to his performance in the comedy Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1969), for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, Gould is perhaps best known for his significant leading roles in Robert Altman films, starring in M*A*S*H (1970), The Long Goodbye (1973) and California Split (1974). Other notable film roles include Little Murders (1971), Capricorn One (1978), The Silent Partner (1978), Bugsy (1991), and American History X (1998).\nHe also had recurring roles as Jack Geller on the television sitcom Friends (1994\u20132004), as Reuben Tishkoff in the Ocean's film series (2001\u20132007, 2018) and as Ezra Goldman on the television series Ray Donovan (2013\u20132016).", "Q4858806": "Barbara Ann Cassani, CBE, (born July 22, 1960) is an American businesswoman. She was the founder under British Airways of budget airline Go Fly and was the first leader of London's bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics.", "Q238445": "The Emirate of Granada (Arabic: \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0631\ufee7\ufe8e\ufec3\ufe94\u200e, trans. Im\u0101rat \u0120arn\u0101\u1e6dah), also known as the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada (Spanish: Reino Nazar\u00ed de Granada), was an emirate established in southern Iberia in 1230 by Muhammad ibn al-Ahmar. After Prince Idris left Iberia to take the Almohad Caliphate leadership, the ambitious Ibn al-Ahmar established the last Muslim dynasty on the Iberian peninsula, the Nasrids. The Nasrid emirs were responsible for building part of the Alhambra palace complex. By 1250, the Emirate was the last part of the Iberian peninsula held by the Muslims. It roughly corresponded to the modern Spanish provinces of Granada, Almer\u00eda, and M\u00e1laga. Andalusian Arabic was the mother tongue of the majority of the population. For two more centuries, the region enjoyed considerable cultural and economic prosperity.\nIt was gradually conquered by the Crown of Castile and dissolved with the 1491 Treaty of Granada, ending the Granada War. In January 1492 Muhammad XII of Granada, the last Nasrid ruler of Granada, formally relinquished his sovereignty and surrendered his territories to Castile, eventually moving to the north of Africa in exile.", "Q71775": "Ruth Fischer (11 December 1895 \u2013 13 March 1961) was an Austrian and German Communist and a co-founder of the Austrian Communist Party in 1918. She later became a staunch anti-Stalinist activist and, according to secret information declassified in 2010, was a key agent of the American intelligence service known as \"The Pond\".", "Q708003": "Hans Peter Moravec (born November 30, 1948, Kautzen, Austria) is an adjunct faculty member at the Robotics Institute of Carnegie Mellon University. He is known for his work on robotics, artificial intelligence, and writings on the impact of technology. Moravec also is a futurist with many of his publications and predictions focusing on transhumanism. Moravec developed techniques in computer vision for determining the region of interest (ROI) in a scene.", "Q164396": "Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0410\u043c\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0443\u043c\u044f\u043d; Armenian: \u054e\u056b\u056f\u057f\u0578\u0580 \u0540\u0561\u0574\u0561\u0566\u0561\u057d\u057a\u056b \u0540\u0561\u0574\u0562\u0561\u0580\u0571\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0575\u0561\u0576, Viktor Hamazaspi Hambardzumyan; 18 September [O.S. 5 September] 1908 \u2013 12 August 1996) was a Soviet Armenian astrophysicist and science administrator. One of the 20th century's top astronomers, he is widely regarded as the founder of theoretical astrophysics in the Soviet Union.\nEducated at Leningrad State University (LSU) and the Pulkovo Observatory, Ambartsumian taught at LSU and founded the Soviet Union's first department of astrophysics there in 1934. He subsequently moved to Soviet Armenia, where he founded the Byurakan Observatory in 1946. It became his institutional base for the decades to come and a major center of astronomical research. He also co-founded the Armenian Academy of Sciences and led it for almost half a century\u2014the entire post-war period. One commentator noted that \"science in Armenia was synonymous with the name Ambartsumian.\" In 1965 Ambartsumian founded the journal Astrofizika and served as its editor for over 20 years.\nAmbartsumian began retiring from the various positions he held only from the age of 80. He died at his house in Byurakan and was buried on the grounds of the observatory. He was declared a National Hero of Armenia in 1994.", "Q114665": "Strange Lady in Town is a 1955 film directed by Mervyn LeRoy and starring Greer Garson. She plays a doctor who plans to introduce modern techniques of medicine to old Santa Fe in 1880, but is opposed by an established doctor played by Dana Andrews.", "Q373652": "Who is Cletis Tout? is a 2001 action comedy film written and directed by Chris Ver Wiel and starring Christian Slater, Richard Dreyfuss, Portia de Rossi, RuPaul, and Tim Allen. The film is about mistaken identity getting in the way of recovering a stash of diamonds that was stolen and subsequently hidden more than 20 years earlier.", "Q353582": "Larry Kaplan is an American video game designer and programmer best known for the 1981 Atari 2600 game, Kaboom!. and for helping to found Activision.\nKaplan studied at the University of California, Berkeley from 1968 through 1974 and graduated with a degree in Computer Science. He started at Atari, Inc. in August 1976 and wrote games for the Atari Video Computer System. Due to the lack of recognition for his work he joined Activision in late 1979. Since leaving Activision in 1982, Kaplan has worked at Amiga, Atari Games, Silicon Graphics, Worlds of Wonder, and MicroUnity.\nHe was hired as Lead Technical Director on the 1998 movie Antz, but stayed with the project for only a few months.", "Q747700": "Teresa Ma\u00f1\u00e9 Miravet (November 29, 1865 in Cubelles, Catalonia, Spain - February 5, 1939 in Perpignan) was a teacher, editor and writer under the pseudonym Soledad Gustavo. She was married to Juan Montseny Carret (aka Federico Urales); their daughter was Spanish minister Federica Montseny.", "Q78023": "J\u00falia da Silva Bruhns (August 14, 1851 \u2013 March 11, 1923) was a German-Brazilian writer. She was the wife of the L\u00fcbeck senator and grain merchant Johann Heinrich Mann, and also mother of writers Thomas Mann and Heinrich Mann.\n\n", "Q1384975": "Pierre Beauchamp (also Beauchamps, called \"Charles\" or Charles-Louis Beauchamp) (30 October 1631 \u2013 February 1705) was a French choreographer, dancer and composer, and the probable inventor of Beauchamp-Feuillet notation.", "Q516285": "Andr\u00e9-Eug\u00e8ne Blondel (28 August 1863 \u2013 15 November 1938) was a French engineer and physicist. He is the inventor of the electromechanical oscillograph and a system of photometric units of measurement.", "Q95395": "Christel Wegner (born November 16, 1947 in Hamburg) is a German Communist politician. In 2008, she was elected to the assembly of Lower Saxony for Die Linke, although she is a member of the German Communist Party (DKP), which until now has cooperated closely with that party. Shortly after her election, she gained widespread attention when it was claimed by a TV program that she had called for the return of the Stasi and justified the construction of the Berlin Wall, also voicing her support for Margot Honecker. The Left party distanced itself from her and on February 18, 2008 she was expelled from The Left Party parliamentary group.\n\n", "Q112214": "Alexander Lernet-Holenia (Vienna, October 21, 1897 \u2014 July 3, 1976) was an Austrian poet, novelist, dramaturgist and writer of screenplays and historical studies who produced a heterogeneous literary opus that included poetry, psychological novels describing the intrusion of otherworldly or unreal experiences into reality, and recreational films.", "Q164382": "Tavis Smiley (; born September 13, 1964) is an American talk show host and author. Smiley was born in Gulfport, Mississippi, and grew up in Bunker Hill, Indiana. After attending Indiana University, he worked during the late 1980s as an aide to Tom Bradley, the mayor of Los Angeles.\nSmiley became a radio commentator in 1991 and, starting in 1996, he hosted the talk show BET Talk (later renamed BET Tonight) on Black Entertainment Television (BET). After Smiley sold an exclusive interview of Sara Jane Olson to ABC News in 2001, BET declined to renew his contract that year. Smiley then began hosting The Tavis Smiley Show on National Public Radio (NPR) (2002\u201304) and hosted Tavis Smiley on the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) on weekdays and The Tavis Smiley Show on Public Radio International (PRI) from 2004 until 2017, when he was dismissed for having sexual relationships with subordinates.\nFrom 2010 to 2013, Smiley and Cornel West worked together to host their own radio talk show, Smiley & West. They were featured together interviewing musician Bill Withers in the 2009 documentary film Still Bill. He was the new host of Tavis Talks on BlogTalkRadio's Tavis Smiley Network.", "Q276058": "Hege Sch\u00f8yen (born 22 May 1957, in Oslo) is a Norwegian singer, actor and comedian. She has played at the Oslo revue theatre Chat Noir and at Nationaltheatret. She was television presenter for the youth program series Midt i sm\u00f8r\u00f8yet at the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, and has participated in several Swedish and Norwegian films. She was awarded the Leonard Statuette for 1998.\nSch\u00f8yen is the niece of Norwegian actor Jon Skolmen. They were both in the 1991 Swedish comedy Den ofrivillige golfaren, where they were supposed to play lovers. The characters' on-screen relationship was toned down to a near friendship to make the two actors less uncomfortable.", "Q187019": "Philip Milton Roth (March 19, 1933 \u2013 May 22, 2018) was an American novelist and short-story writer.\nRoth's fiction, regularly set in his birthplace of Newark, New Jersey, is known for its intensely autobiographical character, for philosophically and formally blurring the distinction between reality and fiction, for its \"sensual, ingenious style\" and for its provocative explorations of American identity.Roth first gained attention with the 1959 novella Goodbye, Columbus; the collection so titled received the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. He became one of the most awarded American writers of his generation. His books twice received the National Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle award, and three times the PEN/Faulkner Award. He received a Pulitzer Prize for his 1997 novel American Pastoral, which featured one of his best-known characters, Nathan Zuckerman, a character in many of Roth's novels. The Human Stain (2000), another Zuckerman novel, was awarded the United Kingdom's WH Smith Literary Award for the best book of the year. In 2001, in Prague, Roth received the inaugural Franz Kafka Prize.", "Q3369262": "Patrick Bornhauser (born 29 June 1957 in Orl\u00e9ans) is a French racing driver and businessman. In 2011 and 2012 he won the GTE-Am class at the 24 Hours of Le Mans.", "Q365030": "George Eads III (born March 1, 1967), is an American actor, known for his role as Nick Stokes on the CBS police drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. On November 25, 2014, it was announced that Eads would be leaving the show, which in any event was not renewed for the following season\u2014meaning he only missed the series finale television movie, Immortality. He later starred as Jack Dalton on the CBS action-adventure series MacGyver for three seasons.\n\n", "Q208592": "Sleepy Hollow is a 1999 American gothic supernatural horror film directed by Tim Burton. It is a film adaptation loosely based on Washington Irving's 1820 short story \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\", and stars Johnny Depp and Christina Ricci, with Miranda Richardson, Michael Gambon, Casper Van Dien, and Jeffrey Jones in supporting roles. The plot follows police constable Ichabod Crane (Depp) sent from New York City to investigate a series of murders in the village of Sleepy Hollow by a mysterious Headless Horseman.\nDevelopment began in 1993 at Paramount Pictures, with Kevin Yagher originally set to direct Andrew Kevin Walker's script as a low-budget slasher film. Disagreements with Paramount resulted in Yagher's being demoted to prosthetic makeup designer, and Burton was hired to direct in June 1998. Filming took place from November 1998 to May 1999.\nThe film had its world premiere at Mann's Chinese Theatre on November 17, 1999 and was released in the United States on November 19, 1999, by Paramount Pictures. It received generally positive reviews from critics, with many praising the performances, direction, screenplay and musical score, as well as its dark humor, visual effects and atmosphere. It grossed approximately $207 million worldwide. Sleepy Hollow won the Academy Award for Best Art Direction.\n\n", "Q119341": "Dragonfly is a 2002 supernatural fantasy film directed by Tom Shadyac and starring Kevin Costner. The story is about a grieving doctor being contacted by his late wife through his patients' near-death experience. The film was panned by critics and was a box office failure, grossing $52.3 million against its $60 million production budget.", "Q888554": "Robert Lee Helms (August 15, 1933 \u2013 June 19, 1997) was an American country music singer best known for his 1957 Christmas hit \"Jingle Bell Rock\". His other hits include \"Fraulein\" and \"My Special Angel\".\n\n", "Q713351": "Robert Thomas \"Bobby\" Freeman (June 13, 1940 \u2013 January 23, 2017) was an American rock, soul and R&B singer, songwriter and record producer from San Francisco, best known for his two Top Ten hits, the first in 1958 on Josie Records called \"Do You Want to Dance\" and the second in 1964 for Autumn Records, \"C'mon and Swim\".", "Q3856898": "Domenic \"Mick\" Gatto (born 6 August 1955) is an Australian businessman who is widely suspected of being involved in the Melbourne underworld. Gatto is a professional mediator within the Victorian building industry; and a debt collector. Gatto was named as a standover man during the Royal Commission into the Building and Construction Industry.", "Q590792": "Lewis Michael Soloff (February 20, 1944 \u2013 March 8, 2015) was an American jazz trumpeter, composer and actor. From New York City, he studied trumpet at the Eastman School of Music and the Juilliard School. He worked with Blood, Sweat & Tears from 1968 until 1973. Prior to this, he worked with Machito, Tony Scott, Maynard Ferguson and Tito Puente.In the 1980s he was a member of Members Only, a jazz ensemble who recorded for Muse Records.Soloff was a regular member and sub-leader of Gil Evans' Monday Night Orchestra, started from 1983, and trained his ability as band leader. His debut album recording was supported by Gil. His 2010 recording Sketches of Spain is a tribute to the classic 1959-60 Miles Davis-Gil Evans collaboration, and he has performed the equally legendary and prodigiously difficult (reconstructed) Evans arrangements of George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess. Soloff was also a longtime member of the Manhattan Jazz Quintet and Mingus Big Band. \nSoloff made frequent guest appearances with jazz orchestras all over the world such as the Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra (directed by Wynton Marsalis) and the Magic City Jazz Orchestra (directed by Ray Reach).\nHe was among a handful of trumpeters capable of playing demanding lead trumpet parts while also contributing improvisational solos, and of playing (as musicians refer to it) \"legitimate\" music (baroque, classical, and later orchestral and chamber music styles) making him an in-demand session player for commercials and soundtracks.\nSoloff died in 2015 after apparently suffering a heart attack in New York City.", "Q361256": "Peter Denis Hill-Wood (25 February 1936 \u2013 28 December 2018) was a British businessman and a chairman of Arsenal Football Club.", "Q901402": "A geographer is a scientist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society. The Greek prefix \"geo\" means \"earth\" and the Greek suffix, \"graphy,\" meaning \"description,\" so a geographer is someone who studies the earth. The word \"geography\" is a Middle French word that is believed to have been first used in 1540.Although geographers are historically known as people who make maps, map making is actually the field of study of cartography, a subset of geography. Geographers do not study only the details of the natural environment or human society, but they also study the reciprocal relationship between these two. For example, they study how the natural environment contributes to human society and how human society affects the natural environment.\nIn particular, physical geographers study the natural environment while human geographers study human society. Modern geographers are the primary practitioners of the GIS (geographic information system), who are often employed by local, state, and federal government agencies as well as in the private sector by environmental and engineering firms.\nThe paintings by Johannes Vermeer titled The Geographer and The Astronomer are both thought to represent the growing influence and rise in prominence of scientific enquiry in Europe at the time of their painting in 1668\u201369.", "Q1112005": "Dana Elaine Owens (born March 18, 1970), known professionally as Queen Latifah, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, actress, and producer. Born in Newark, New Jersey, she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album All Hail the Queen on November 28, 1989, featuring the hit single \"Ladies First\". Nature of a Sista' (1991) was her second and final album with Tommy Boy Records.\nLatifah starred as Khadijah James on the FOX sitcom Living Single from 1993 to 1998. Her third album, Black Reign (1993), spawned the single \"U.N.I.T.Y.\", which, being a large influence on women, won a Grammy Award and peaked at #23 on the Billboard Hot 100. She then starred in the lead role of Set It Off (1996) and released her fourth album, Order in the Court, on June 16, 1998, with Motown Records. Latifah gained mainstream success and acclaim with her performance in the film Chicago (2002), receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.\nLatifah released her fifth album The Dana Owens Album in 2004. In 2007 and 2009, she released two more studio albums \u2013 Trav'lin' Light and Persona. She created the daytime talk show The Queen Latifah Show, which ran from late 2013 to early 2015 on CBS. She has appeared in a number of films, such as Bringing Down the House (2003), Taxi (2004), Barbershop 2: Back in Business (2005), Beauty Shop (2005), Last Holiday (2006), Hairspray (2007), Joyful Noise (2012), 22 Jump Street (2014) and Girls Trip (2017). Latifah received critical acclaim for her portrayal of blues singer Bessie Smith in the HBO film Bessie (2015), which she co-produced, winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie. Since 2016, she has starred as Carlotta Brown in the musical drama series Star.\nShe has been described as a \"feminist\" rapper. Latifah received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006. Latifah's work in music, film and television has earned her a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, three Screen Actors Guild Awards, two NAACP Image Awards, an Academy Award nomination and sales of over two million records.", "Q331461": "Humberto \"Tito\" Larriva (born 1953) is a Mexican/American songwriter, singer, musician, and actor.", "Q89964": "Manuela Kay (born 2 April 1964 in Berlin, Neuk\u00f6lln) is a German journalist, author and publisher.", "Q25330": "Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat of Mercer County. It briefly served as the capital of the United States in 1784. The city's metropolitan area, consisting of Mercer County, is grouped with the New York Combined Statistical Area by the United States Census Bureau, but it directly borders the Philadelphia metropolitan area and was from 1990 until 2000 part of the Philadelphia Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2010 United States Census, Trenton had a population of 84,913, making it the state's 10th-largest municipality after having been the state's ninth-largest municipality in 2000. The population declined by 490 (-0.6%) from the 85,403 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 3,272 (-3.7%) from the 88,675 counted in the 1990 Census. The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program estimated that the city's population was 83,974 in 2018.Trenton dates back at least to June 3, 1719, when mention was made of a constable being appointed for Trenton while the area was still part of Hunterdon County. Boundaries were recorded for Trenton Township as of March 2, 1720. a courthouse and jail were constructed in Trenton around 1720, and the Freeholders of Hunterdon County met annually in Trenton. Trenton became New Jersey's capital as of November 25, 1790, and the City of Trenton was formed within Trenton Township on November 13, 1792. Trenton Township was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial group of 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. On February 22, 1834, portions of Trenton Township were taken to form Ewing Township. The remaining portion of Trenton Township was absorbed by the City of Trenton on April 10, 1837. A series of annexations took place over a 50-year period, with the city absorbing South Trenton borough (April 14, 1851), portions of Nottingham Township (April 14, 1856), both the Borough of Chambersburg Township, and Millham Township (both on March 30, 1888), as well as Wilbur Borough (February 28, 1898). Portions of Ewing Township and Hamilton Township were annexed to Trenton on March 23, 1900.", "Q1261735": "Randall \"Randy\" Atcher (December 7, 1918 \u2013 October 9, 2002) was an American country musician.\nAtcher was born in Tiptop, Kentucky, the fifth in a family of eight. Soon after his birth his family moved to North Dakota, and then back to Kentucky when he was twelve. As a high schooler, Atcher played guitar and mandolin on WHAS radio in Louisville. He intended to continue his education at Western Kentucky State College, but a flood at the family home quashed the plan.\nIn 1938, he left Louisville for Chicago and put a band together there. He won slots performing on WJJD and WBBM and became a local star; he also recorded occasionally with his older brother, Bob Atcher. During World War II he spent nearly four years in the Army Air Forces, and married his wife Daphne, an Australian. Upon his discharge he returned to WHAS, performing on their Old Kentucky Barn Dance, and signed a contract with MGM Records. WHAS expanded into a television division in 1950, and the next year Atcher formed a new band, the Red River Ramblers, who performed on the WHAS children's show T-Bar-V Ranch every weekday at 4PM. Randy, the star of the show, and his sidekick, Cactus (played by Tom Brooks, brother of actor and comedian Foster Brooks), sang songs, performed skits, and gave parenting tips. In 1953, White Castle began advertising its hamburgers through the show, the first of several companies who contracted product placement.\nThe show ran until 1970, when it was abruptly cancelled. The Red River Ramblers, who included George Workman on bass, Shorty Chesser on guitar, Bernie Smith on guitar and banjo, Sleepy Marlin on fiddle, and Tiny Thomale on piano, also performed on the Hayloft Hoedown TV show (which ran to 1971) and live at local state fairs and events.\nAtcher\u2019s fame diminished after the show was cancelled but he remained a popular entertainer in Louisville. Atcher died on October 9, 2002, at Hospice & Palliative Care of Louisville's inpatient unit at Norton Audubon Hospital. Archival footage of him was featured during the 2018 WHAS Crusade for Children telethon. Days later, on his podcast, Jim Cornette's Drive-Thru, wrestling personality Jim Cornette, who as a child was a fan of Atcher, thought he was still alive only to be told later by his podcast co-host Brian Last he died years ago.", "Q289932": "Samantha Raye Droke (born November 8, 1987) is an American actress and designer.", "Q73176": "Anne Teresa Enright (born 11 October 1962) is an Irish writer. She has published half a dozen novels, many short stories and a non-fiction work called Making Babies: Stumbling into Motherhood, about the birth of her two children. Her writing explores themes such as family, love, identity and motherhood. She is married to Martin Murphy, who is an arts adviser with the Arts Council of Ireland. They have two children together, a son and daughter.\nEnright won the 2007 Booker Prize for her novel The Gathering.", "Q263455": "The Brown Bunny is a 2003 experimental road drama film written, directed, produced, photographed and edited by Vincent Gallo. Starring Gallo and Chlo\u00eb Sevigny, it tells the story of a motorcycle racer on a cross-country drive who is haunted by memories of his former lover. It was photographed with handheld 16 mm cameras in various locations throughout the United States, including New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Ohio, Missouri, Utah, Nevada, and California.\nFollowing its world premiere at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival, the film garnered a great deal of media attention because of the explicit final scene between Gallo and Sevigny, as well as a feud between Gallo and the film critic Roger Ebert, who stated that The Brown Bunny was the worst film in the history of Cannes, although he later gave a re-edited version his signature \"thumbs up\".", "Q14853": "N\u00fcrtingen (listen ) is a town on the river Neckar in the district of Esslingen in the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in southern Germany.\n\n", "Q182607": "Graham Maby (born 1 September 1952), is an English bass guitar player. He has recorded and toured with Joe Jackson since his first album, appearing on most of Jackson's albums and tours. He has continued to record and tour with Jackson even while working with other artists.\nMaby was born in Gosport. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, he toured with Graham Parker, Garland Jeffreys, the Silos, and Darden Smith, among others. In 1996, Maby joined They Might Be Giants, recording and touring with them. From 1998 until 2002, he recorded and toured with Natalie Merchant's band. Maby has also recorded with Marshall Crenshaw, Joan Baez, Freedy Johnston, Henry Lee Summer, Ian Hunter, Regina Spektor and Dar Williams.Along with playing bass, Maby also produced several tracks on Johnston's 1992 album, Can You Fly. He can be seen in the 1986 movie Peggy Sue Got Married as a member of Marshall Crenshaw's band.\nGraham's wife, Mary Beth (n\u00e9e Bernard) Maby, died on 12 January 2012 after a two-year battle with bladder cancer. He has two children, Claire and Pierce.His first-born son Christopher, also an aspiring musician and actor, died in 1998.", "Q1084715": "Viscount Inoue Masaru (\u4e95\u4e0a \u52dd, August 25, 1843 \u2013 August 2, 1910) was the first Director of Railways in Japan and is known as the \"father of the Japanese railways\".\n\n", "Q110365": "Dancer in the Dark (Danish: Danser i m\u00f8rket) is a 2000 English-language Danish musical melodrama film written and directed by Lars von Trier. It stars Icelandic musician Bj\u00f6rk as a daydreaming immigrant factory worker who suffers from a degenerative eye condition and is saving up to pay for an operation to prevent her young son from suffering the same fate. Catherine Deneuve, David Morse, Peter Stormare, Cara Seymour and Joel Grey also star.\nThe soundtrack for the film, released as the album Selmasongs, was written mainly by Bj\u00f6rk, but a number of songs featured contributions from Mark Bell and the lyrics were by von Trier and Sj\u00f3n. Three songs from Rodgers and Hammerstein's The Sound of Music were also used in the film.\nThis is the third film in von Trier's \"Golden Heart Trilogy\"; the other two films are Breaking the Waves (1996) and The Idiots (1998). The film was an international co-production among companies based in thirteen countries and regions: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. It was shot with a handheld camera, and was somewhat inspired by a Dogme 95 look.\nDancer in the Dark premiered at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival to standing ovations and controversy, but was nonetheless awarded the Palme d'Or, along with the Best Actress award for Bj\u00f6rk. The song \"I've Seen It All\", with Thom Yorke, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song but lost to \"Things Have Changed\" by Bob Dylan from Wonder Boys. The film polarized critics, with some deriding it as melodramatic and others lauding it as highly moving and innovative. The film later appeared on multiple lists of the best films of the 2000s.", "Q3040890": "Dudd (Dud) Dudley (1600\u20131684) was an English metallurgist, who fought on the Royalist side in the English Civil War as a soldier, military engineer, and supplier of munitions. He was one of the first Englishmen to smelt iron ore using coke.", "Q447960": "Bruce Travis McGill (born July 11, 1950) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for his work with director Michael Mann in the movies The Insider (1999), Ali (2001), and Collateral (2004). McGill's other notable film roles include Daniel Simpson \"D-Day\" Day in John Landis' Animal House, Com. Matuzak in Timecop, Reverend Larson in Shallow Hal, Gene Revell in The Sum of All Fears, and Lt. Brooks in Ride Along and its sequel Ride Along 2.\nBruce McGill's television roles include Jack Dalton on MacGyver (1985\u20131992) and Det. Vince Korsak on Rizzoli & Isles (2010\u20132016). He also portrayed Captain Braxton in one episode of Star Trek Voyager (1999) and voiced Lloyd Waterman, the owner of Waterman cable, on The Cleveland Show (2012\u20132014). He played Ralph Houk in Billy Crystal's made-for-television film 61* (2001).\nDuring the 2016 presidential election, McGill narrated a number of commercials promoting Donald Trump and the Republican Party.", "Q75261": "Werner Abrolat (15 August 1924 \u2013 24 August 1997) was a German actor best known for his role as various characters in the West German crime-drama television series Tatort.\nAfter a long career at provincial theatres in West-Germany Abrolat appeared in a number of Spaghetti Westerns in the mid-1960s, such as a member of Indio's gang in the 1965 Sergio Leone film For a Few Dollars More.\nIn the early 1970s he made a number of films as a voice actor providing the voice for the character of Tjure in Vicky the Viking. He played Polizeipr\u00e4sident in 00 Schneider \u2013 Jagd auf Nihil Baxter (1994). From the mid-1970s he mostly appeared in German films and German television until his death in 1997.", "Q183519": "Leona Louise Lewis (born 3 April 1985) is a British singer, songwriter, actress, model and activist. She was born and raised in the London Borough of Islington, where she attended the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology. Lewis achieved national recognition when she won the third series of The X Factor in 2006, winning a \u00a31 million recording contract with Simon Cowell's record label, Syco Music. Her winner's single, a cover of Kelly Clarkson's \"A Moment Like This\", peaked at number one for four weeks on the UK Singles Chart and broke a world record for reaching 50,000 digital downloads within 30 minutes. In February 2007, Lewis signed a five-album contract in the United States with Clive Davis's record label, J Records.\nLewis's success continued with the release of her debut album, Spirit, in 2007; it was certified 10\u00d7 platinum in the United Kingdom and became the fourth best-selling album of the 2000s. It is one of the best-selling albums in UK chart history. In the US, Lewis became the first UK solo artist to debut at number one with a debut album, with Spirit. The lead single, \"Bleeding Love\", spent seven weeks at number one in the UK where it became the best-selling single of 2007. She achieved international recognition with the album in 2008 when it topped charts around the world. Spirit has sold more than eight million copies worldwide, and \"Bleeding Love\" peaked at number one in over 30 countries, including the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming the best-selling single of 2008. As a result, she was proclaimed Top New Artist by Billboard in 2008. Under the guidance of Cowell and Davis, Lewis released her second UK number-one album Echo and recorded the theme song for the film Avatar in 2009. She embarked on her first UK arena tour, The Labyrinth, in 2010.\nIn 2011, Lewis released the non-album single \"Collide\", a collaboration with Swedish DJ Avicii, and her first extended play, Hurt: The EP. Her third album, Glassheart, was released in 2012. It marked a new creative direction for Lewis, drawing inspiration from dubstep and electronic music. However, it failed to match the commercial performance of her two previous albums, peaking at number three in the UK and becoming her first to not be certified platinum. Lewis began to record material for her first Christmas album during her Glassheart Tour, which took place in mid 2013. Christmas, with Love was released later that year. Its lead single, \"One More Sleep\", peaked at number three in the UK. With this chart entry, Lewis became the first British female solo artist to reach the top five with eight singles, surpassing Olivia Newton-John's record of seven. In 2014, Lewis made her film debut in the supporting role of Elena in the romantic comedy musical, Walking on Sunshine. Her fourth studio album, I Am, was released the following year. In 2016, Lewis made her Broadway debut as Grizabella in the revival of Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Cats. A year later, she signed a modelling contract with Wilhelmina Models. She then collaborated with Calum Scott on the single \"You Are The Reason\" (2018) which achieved worldwide chart success, and had a recurring role in the American television series The Oath (2019).\nAs of 2015, Lewis is the second best-selling act from The X Factor franchise in the UK, behind One Direction, having sold over 30 million records worldwide. The OCC recognises Lewis as the most successful winner from the UK's The X Factor. Lewis has won two MOBO Awards, an MTV Europe Music Award, and two World Music Awards. She is also a six-time Brit Award and three-time Grammy Award nominee. Lewis is known for her expansive four-octave vocal range, power, technical control and, in particular, her frequent use of the falsetto register. Aside from her musical career, Lewis is a philanthropist and an animal welfare campaigner for World Animal Protection and is a supporter of other animal rights charities and organisations; she is also vegan.", "Q1424754": "Henry Bonilla (born January 2, 1954) is a former congressman who represented Texas's 23rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives. He was defeated in his bid for re-election by Ciro Rodriguez, a former Democratic member of Congress, in a special election runoff held on December 12, 2006. His term expired January 3, 2007 when the 110th Congress officially began.", "Q119427": "Paul Schmidhalter (1 December 1931 - 23 August 2005) was a Swiss politician. He was a member of the National Council of Switzerland from 1983 to 1995 and served as the President of the National Council from 1992 to 1993. He was a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland.", "Q574400": "Sir Victor Gollancz (; 9 April 1893 \u2013 8 February 1967) was a British publisher and humanitarian.\nGollancz was known as a supporter of left-wing causes. His loyalties shifted between liberalism and communism, but he defined himself as a Christian socialist and internationalist. He used his publishing house chiefly to promote pacifist and socialist non-fiction, and also launched the Left Book Club.\nIn the postwar era, he focused his attention on Germany and became known for his promotion of friendship and reconciliation based on his internationalism and his ethic of brotherly love. He founded the organisation Save Europe Now (SEN) in 1945 to campaign for humane treatment of German civilians, and drew attention to their suffering, especially children, and atrocities committed against German civilians. He received an honorary doctorate at the University of Frankfurt in 1949, the Gro\u00dfes Bundesverdienstkreuz of Germany in 1953 and the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade in 1960, and several streets in Germany, including the Gollanczstra\u00dfe in West Berlin, and two schools, the Victor Gollancz Elementary School and the Victor-Gollancz-Volkshochschule Steglitz-Zehlendorf, were named in his honour. He also campaigned for friendship with Soviet Russia. Gollancz once said: \"I hate everything that is pro and anti (different peoples). I am only one thing: I am pro-humanity.\" Since 2000, the Society for Threatened Peoples has awarded the Victor Gollancz Prize.", "Q184276": "Zedekiah Kidwell (January 4, 1814 \u2013 April 27, 1872) was a nineteenth-century politician, physician, lawyer, teacher and clerk from Virginia and West Virginia.", "Q957122": "Knut Andreas \"Knatten\" Lindberg (2 February 1882 \u2013 6 April 1961) was a Swedish athlete who competed at the 1906 Intercalated Games and the 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics. He had his best results in 1906, when he won a silver medal in javelin throw and finished fifth in ancient pentathlon and sixth in the 100 m race. He won another silver medal in 1912, with the Swedish 4 \u00d7 100 m relay team, but failed to reach the finals in all his other events in 1908 and 1912, which included sprint and javelin throw.Lindberg won 15 national athletics titles: nine over 100 m (1902, 1904\u20131909, 1911 and 1912); three over 200 m (1908\u20131909 and 1912) and three over 110 m hurdles (1907\u20131909). He was also part of the \u00d6rgryte IS football team that won the Swedish championships in 1902 and 1904\u20131907. In 1910 he beat to death a taxi driver, but his defense lawyer managed to lower his sentence to seven months.", "Q1434547": "Loughborough University (abbreviated as Lough or Lboro for post-nominals) is a public research university in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, in the East Midlands of England. It has been a university since 1966, but the institution dates back to 1909, when the then Loughborough Technical Institute began with a focus on skills and knowledge which would be directly applicable in the wider world. In March 2013, the university announced it had acquired the former broadcast centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park which opened as a second campus in 2015.\nIt was a member of the 1994 Group of smaller research intensive universities until the group was dissolved in November 2013. The annual income of the institution for 2017\u201318 was \u00a3300.8 million of which \u00a341.9 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3295.5 million.Loughborough is currently ranked within the top 10 of all three national league tables and is internationally renowned for its sports-related courses and achievements. In 2013, the university won its seventh Queen's Anniversary Prize, awarded in recognition of its impact through research and skills development in High Value Manufacturing to create economic growth. The university is also rated five star for excellence by Quacquarelli Symonds in the QS Star Scheme.", "Q848770": "Martin Yan (Chinese: \u7504\u6587\u9054, Zhen Wenda; born 22 December 1948) is a Chinese-American chef and food writer. He has hosted his award-winning PBS-TV cooking show Yan Can Cook since 1982.", "Q736847": "Lajos Kass\u00e1k (March 21, 1887 \u2013 July 22, 1967) was a Hungarian poet, novelist, painter, essayist, editor, theoretician of the avant-garde, and occasional translator. He was among the first genuine working-class writers in Hungarian literature. Self-taught, he became a writer within the socialist movement and published journals important to the radical intellectual culture of Budapest in the early 1900s.\nAlthough he cannot be fully identified with any single avant-garde movement, he adopted elements of expressionism, futurism and dadaism.", "Q71007": "Claude (Claudius) Honor\u00e9 D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Dornier (born in Kempten im Allg\u00e4u on 14 May 1884 \u2013 5 December 1969) was a German airplane designer and founder of Dornier GmbH. His notable designs include the 12-engine Dornier Do X flying boat, for decades the world's largest and most powerful airplane.", "Q153248": "Marguerite Donnadieu (4 April 1914 \u2013 3 March 1996), known as Marguerite Duras (French: [ma\u0281\u0261(\u0259)\u0281it dy\u0281as]), was a French novelist, playwright, screenwriter, essayist, and experimental filmmaker. Her script for the film Hiroshima mon amour (1959) earned her a nomination for Best Original Screenplay at the Academy Awards.", "Q144734": "Katarzyna Hall (n\u00e9e Ko\u0144cza) (Polish pronunciation: [kata\u02c8\u0290\u0268na \u02c8xal]), (born 15 March 1957 in Gda\u0144sk) is a Polish teacher, educational and social activist, and local government clerk. She was the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Poland from 2007 to 2011.", "Q569337": "International DeeJay Gigolo Records is a German electronic music record label run by techno artist DJ Hell (real name Helmut Geier). The label was founded in Munich in 1996 as an affiliate of label Disko B. It is Germany's most successful electronic music record label, specialising in electro, house and techno with 80's pop and disco influences. \"Gigolo\" has released records by Dave Clarke, Jeff Mills, DJ Hell, David Carretta, Miss Kittin & The Hacker, Kiko & Gino S., DJ Naughty, The Penelopes, The Advent, Dopplereffekt, Terrence Fixmer, Japanese Telecom, Fischerspooner, Tiga, Belgian Dj Valium, Princess Superstar and Vitalic. In particular, the label is widely credited as being the germ cell of the electroclash music genre in the late 1990s.Gigolo's most successful release came in 2001, with Vitalic's Poney EP (which included techno favourite \"La Rock 01\" on the B-side). This EP was remastered and re-issued in 2006. The label also releases showcase compilations, sometimes called \"We Are Gigolo\", of which there are now twelve volumes. After several successful years in Munich, the label moved its office to Berlin in the mid-2000s.", "Q77476": "Friedrich von Gentz (2 May 1764 \u2013 9 June 1832) was a German diplomat and writer.", "Q433039": "Natalia Gordienko (Ukrainian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044f \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0456\u0454\u043d\u043a\u043e, also spelled Gordienco; born 11 December 1987) is a Moldovan singer and dancer. Alongside Arsenium and Connect-R, she represented Moldova in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 with the song \"Loca\" and placed 20th. She was selected to represent Moldova in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 with the song \"Prison\"; however, the 2020 contest was cancelled.", "Q70319": "La Folliaz is a former municipality in the district of Gl\u00e2ne in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It was formed on January 1, 2005 from the union of the former municipalities of Lussy and Villarimboud. On 1 January 2020 the former municipalities La Folliaz and Villaz-Saint-Pierre merged to form the new municipality of Villaz.", "Q93082": "Charles Leonard Hamblin (1922 \u2013 14 May 1985) was an Australian philosopher, logician, and computer pioneer, as well as a professor of philosophy at the New South Wales University of Technology (now the University of New South Wales) in Sydney.\nAmong his most well-known achievements in the area of computer science was the introduction of Reverse Polish Notation and the use in 1957 of a push-down pop-up stack. This preceded the work of Friedrich Ludwig Bauer and Klaus Samelson on use of a push-pop stack. The stack had been invented by Alan Turing in 1946 when he introduced such a stack in his design of the ACE computer. Hamblin's most well-known contribution to philosophy is his book Fallacies, a standard work in the area of the false conclusions in logic.", "Q313818": "Kim Bendix Petersen (born 14 June 1956), better known by his stage name King Diamond, is a Danish rock musician and songwriter. As a vocalist, he is known for his powerful and wide ranging singing voice, in particular his far reaching falsetto screams. He is the lead vocalist and lyricist for both Mercyful Fate and the eponymous King Diamond. As well as being a vocalist, Diamond also plays keyboards and guitars on studio recordings but uses live shows to focus solely on his vocal performance. Diamond is renowned for his dark lyrical content on many of Mercyful Fate's albums as well as his story concepts for some of King Diamond's albums. Diamond is also well known for his distinctive shock stage persona (in particular his black and white facepaint). Diamond remains a huge influence on many rock and metal artists including Metallica, Slayer and Cradle of Filth", "Q172286": "Cecil Green (n\u00e9 Judge Cecil Holt; September 30, 1919 \u2013 July 29, 1951) was an American racecar driver from Dallas, Texas.\n\n", "Q226109": "Louis-Edmond Hamelin, (21 March 1923 \u2013 February 11, 2020) was a Canadian geographer, professor, and author born in Saint-Didace, Quebec, Canada, best known for his studies of Northern Canada.\nHamelin created the Centre for Northern Studies at the Universit\u00e9 Laval in Qu\u00e9bec and was rector of the Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res from 1978 to 1983. He was also a member of the Northwest Territories Legislative Council.\nHamelin specialized in Northern and Aboriginal peoples studies. He coined several words concerning the North, some of which (such as Nordicity) came to enter the English vocabulary. His seminal work was the 1958 Nordicit\u00e9 Canadienne (translated 1979 as Canadian Nordicity: It's Your North, Too).", "Q3575376": "Zhang Renjie (Chang Jen-chieh 19 September 1877 \u2212 3 September 1950), born Zhang Jingjiang, was a political figure and financial entrepreneur in the Republic of China. He studied and worked in France in the early 1900s, where he became an early Chinese Anarchist under the influence of Li Shizeng and Wu Zhihui, his lifelong friends. He became wealthy trading Chinese artworks in the West and investing on the Shanghai stock exchange. Zhang gave generous financial support to Sun Yat-sen and was an early patron of Chiang Kai-shek. In the 1920s, he, Li, Wu and the educator Cai Yuanpei were known as the fiercely anti-Communist Four Elders of the Chinese Nationalist Party. \n\n", "Q230958": "Merle Oberon (born Estelle Merle O'Brien Thompson; 19 February 1911 \u2013 23 November 1979) was a Eurasian actress who began her film career in British films as Anne Boleyn in The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933). After her success in The Scarlet Pimpernel (1934), she travelled to the United States to make films for Samuel Goldwyn. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Dark Angel (1935). A traffic collision in 1937 caused facial injuries that could have ended her career, but she recovered and remained active in film and television until 1973.", "Q312535": "Matthew MacKendree Lanter (born April 1, 1983) is an American actor and model. He gained fame by playing Liam Court in The CW's teen drama series 90210, a spin-off of the 1990s Fox series Beverly Hills, 90210. He also appeared in some major released films, such as Disaster Movie, WarGames: The Dead Code, Sorority Row, Vampires Suck, The Roommate, and Pitch Perfect 3. He is the voice of Anakin Skywalker in Star Wars: The Clone Wars and Star Wars Rebels. From 2016 to 2018, he starred as Wyatt Logan, a time traveler, in the NBC series Timeless.", "Q736674": "The University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder), colloquially referred to as CU or Colorado, is a public research university in Boulder, Colorado. It is the flagship university of the University of Colorado system and was founded five months before Colorado was admitted to the Union in 1876.\nIn 2015, the university comprised nine colleges and schools and offered over 150 academic programs and enrolled almost 17,000 students. Twelve Nobel Laureates, nine MacArthur Fellows, and 20 astronauts have been affiliated with CU Boulder as students, researchers, or faculty members in its history. The university received nearly $454 million in sponsored research in 2010 to fund programs like the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, and JILA.\nThe Colorado Buffaloes compete in 17 varsity sports and are members of the NCAA Division I Pac-12 Conference. The Buffaloes have won 28 national championships: 20 in skiing, seven total in men's and women's cross country, and one in football. Approximately 900 students participate in 34 intercollegiate club sports annually as well.", "Q4142761": "Alexander Davidovich Goldfarb (a.k.a. Alex Goldfarb, Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0444\u0430\u0440\u0431; born 1947 in Moscow) is a Russian-American microbiologist, activist, and author. He emigrated from the USSR in 1975 and studied in Israel and Germany before settling permanently in New York in 1982. Goldfarb is a naturalized American citizen. He has combined a scientific career as a microbiologist with political and public activities focused on civil liberties and human rights in Russia, in the course of which he has been associated with Andrei Sakharov, George Soros, Boris Berezovsky, and Alexander Litvinenko. He has not visited Russia since 2000.\n\n", "Q206232": "Jorge C\u00e2ndido Alves Rodrigues Telles Grilo Raposo de Abreu de Sena (2 November 1919 \u2013 4 June 1978) was a Portuguese-born poet, critic, essayist, novelist, dramatist, translator and university professor who spent the latter portion of his life in the United States.\n\n", "Q3549": "\u0160ibenik (Croatian pronunciation: [\u0283\u00eebeni\u02d0k] (listen); Italian: Sebenico) is a historic city in Croatia, located in central Dalmatia where the river Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea. \u0160ibenik is a political, educational, transport, industrial and tourist center of \u0160ibenik-Knin County and also the third-largest city in the historic region of Dalmatia. It is the oldest native Croatian town on the shores of the sea.", "Q1346375": "Robert Torrens (1780 \u2013 27 May 1864) was a Royal Marines officer, political economist, part-owner of the influential Globe newspaper, and a prolific writer. He also chaired the board of the London-based South Australian Colonisation Commission created by the South Australia Act 1834 to oversee the new colony of South Australia, before the colony went bankrupt and he was sacked in 1841. He was chiefly known for championing the cause for emigration to the new colony, and his name lives on in Adelaide's main river, the Torrens, the suburb of Torrensville and a few other places.\nHe is sometimes referred to as Colonel Robert Torrens, but his final army rank is disputed in various sources. His son, Sir Robert Richard Torrens, spent many years in South Australia, even serving for a short time as the state Premier, and became known for his land reform.", "Q165711": "Sire Records is an American record label that is owned by Warner Music Group and distributed by Warner Records (formerly called Warner Bros. Records).", "Q4381786": "Confrontation or (Russian: \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, romanized: Protivostoyanie) is a 1985 Soviet six-part television film directed by Semyon Aranovich based on the novel by Yulian Semyonov.", "Q66590": "Dittingen is a municipality in the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q1361912": "Vyacheslav Frantsevich Kebich (Belarusian: \u0412\u044f\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430\u045e \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u041a\u0435\u0431\u0456\u0447 [v\u02b2at\u0282a\u02c8slaw k\u02c8\u02b2\u025bb\u02b2it\u0282], Russian: \u0412\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0435\u0301\u0431\u0438\u0447; born 10 June 1936 in a village near Wo\u0142o\u017cyn, Poland) is a political figure from Belarus.", "Q342302": "Acquanetta (born Mildred Davenport; July 17, 1921 \u2013 August 16, 2004), nicknamed \"The Venezuelan Volcano,\" was an American B-movie actress during the 1940s and 1950s. Acquanetta was most known for her exotic beauty.", "Q95418": "Paul Schmidt (March 26, 1898 \u2013 October 18, 1976) was a German aerospace engineer and inventor based in Munich, mainly known for his contribution to the development of the pulsejet.", "Q676522": "The Style Council were an English band formed in 1983 by Paul Weller, the former singer, songwriter, and guitarist with the punk rock/new wave/mod revival band The Jam, and keyboardist Mick Talbot, previously a member of Dexys Midnight Runners, The Bureau and The Merton Parkas. The band enabled Weller to take a more soulful direction with his music.. \nThe permanent line-up grew to include drummer Steve White and Weller's then girlfriend, vocalist Dee C. Lee. Other artists such as Tracie Young, Tracey Thorn (Everything but the Girl), and drummer/percussionist Steve Sidelnyk (Madonna, Seal, Richard Ashcroft ) also performed and collaborated with the group. As with Weller's previous band, most of the London-based group's hits were in their homeland, where they scored seven Top 10 hits. The band also had hit singles and albums in Australia and New Zealand during the 1980s.", "Q291628": "Erika Rose Alexander (born November 19, 1969) is an American actress, writer, producer, entrepreneur and activist best known for her roles as Pam Tucker on the NBC sitcom The Cosby Show (1990\u20131992), and Maxine Shaw on the FOX sitcom Living Single (1993\u20131998). She has won numerous awards for her work on Living Single, including two NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series. Her film credits include The Long Walk Home (1990), 30 Years to Life (2001), D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu (2006) and Get Out (2017).", "Q233289": "Atal Bihari Vajpayee (Hindustani pronunciation: [\u0259\u0288\u0259l b\u026aha\u02d0\u027ei\u02d0 \u028ba\u02d0d\u0292pai]; 25 December 1924 \u2013 16 August 2018) was an Indian politician, statesman and poet. He served three terms as the Prime Minister of India, first for a term of 13 days in 1996, then for a period of 13 months from 1998 to 1999, followed by a full term from 1999 to 2004. A member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), he was the first Indian prime minister not of the Indian National Congress party to have served a full five-year term in office.\nHe was a member of the Indian Parliament for over five decades, having been elected ten times to the Lok Sabha, the lower house, and twice to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house. He served as the Member of Parliament for Lucknow, retiring from active politics in 2009 due to health concerns. He was among the founding members of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS), of which he was president from 1968 to 1972. The BJS merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party, which won the 1977 general election. In March 1977, Vajpayee became the Minister of External Affairs in the cabinet of Prime Minister Morarji Desai. He resigned in 1979, and the Janata alliance collapsed soon after. Former members of the BJS formed the BJP in 1980, with Vajpayee its first president.\nDuring his tenure as prime minister, India carried out the Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998. Vajpayee sought to improve diplomatic relations with Pakistan, travelling to Lahore by bus to meet with Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. After the 1999 Kargil War with Pakistan, he sought to restore relations through engagement with President Pervez Musharraf, inviting him to India for a summit at Agra.\nThe administration of Narendra Modi declared in 2014 that Vajpayee's birthday, 25 December, would be marked as Good Governance Day. In 2015, he was conferred India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, by the President of India, Pranab Mukherjee. He died on 16 August 2018 of age-related illness.", "Q65099": "Ernst von Salomon (25 September 1902 \u2013 9 August 1972) was a Weimar-era national-revolutionary German writer and right-wing Freikorps member.", "Q168235": "William Armand Thomas Tristan Garel-Jones, Baron Garel-Jones, PC (28 February 1941 \u2013 23 March 2020) was a British politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Watford from 1979\u201397, before being made a life peer in 1997.\nFollowing his election to Parliament, Garel-Jones served in various whip positions and also as a junior minister at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.", "Q235820": "Ann-Kristin \"Kikki\" Danielsson (born 10 May 1952) is a Swedish country, dansband and pop singer. Sometimes, she also plays the accordion and she has also written some lyrics. She is also famous for yodeling in some songs. Kikki Danielsson gained her largest popularity in the Nordic region from the late 1970s until the late 1990s. She also gained popularity at the US country stage during the 1980s. In 1986, she had the \"Kikki i Nashville\" TV show.", "Q232197": "Devin Star Tailes (born July 2, 1989), better known as Dev (sometimes stylized as DEV or dEV), is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, model and radio host. She was discovered by the record label, Indie-Pop, and The Cataracs via Myspace after her friend Shane Crislip, posted her singing. Dev's song \"Booty Bounce\" was sampled in Far East Movement's hit single \"Like a G6\" which reached number one in the US, and sold over four million downloads in the country.\nDev was signed to Universal Republic in October 2010, and released her debut single \"Bass Down Low\" on November 16, 2010 which reached the top 10 in the United Kingdom. Her debut album The Night the Sun Came Up was released on March 27, 2012. The second single, \"In the Dark\", peaked at number 11 in the US chart, making it her most successful solo single to date. Dev in 2014 released two EPs, Bittersweet July and the second part as a follow-up to part one. She's a radio host of the popular radio Beats 1 by Apple, founded in 2015.\nIn mid-2016, Dev started promoting her album with an opening single called \"#1\" featuring Nef the Pharaoh which reached the top 15 on the Billboard Rhythmic Songs chart. Dev's sophomore studio album I Only See You When I'm Dreamin' was made available for pre-order in July 2017, it includes the singles \"All I Wanna Do\" and \"Come at Me\" and is her first full-length project since 2011's The Night the Sun Came Up.", "Q542159": "Ronny Bruckner also known as Yaron Bruckner (31 March 1957 \u2013 4 August 2013), was a Belgian businessman.\n\n", "Q316753": "Daniel Rapha\u00ebl Mayer (29 April 1909 \u2013 29 December 1996) was a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), a socialist party in France, president of the Ligue des droits de l'homme (LDH, Human Rights League) from 1958 to 1975. He founded the Comit\u00e9 d'Action Socialiste in 1941 and was a member of the Brutus Network, a Resistant Socialist group. Mayer also supported the Lib\u00e9ration-sud resistance movement headed by Emmanuel d'Astier de la Vigerie.", "Q774447": "Harry William Hays, (December 25, 1909 \u2013 May 4, 1982) was a Canadian politician and Cabinet minister in the government of Lester Pearson.\nBorn in Carstairs, Alberta, Hays had several careers related to agriculture. He was an auctioneer, rancher and breeder as well as a radio broadcaster. He was a founding member and president of the Alberta Poultry Breeders' Association and also served as president of the Alberta Holstein Breeders' Association. He led the Canadian Swine Breeders during World War II when it initiated the \"Bacon for Britain\" campaign of increased production as part of the war effort. In the 1950s, he pioneered exporting cattle by airplane allowing the Canadian industry to develop new markets in Mexico and the United Kingdom.\nHays sold his dairy herd in 1959 in order to devote time to politics, becoming the 27th Mayor of Calgary. He was recruited by Lester Pearson to run for the Liberals in the 1963 federal election and was the only Liberal MP elected in Alberta or Saskatchewan. He became the Member of Parliament for Calgary South and was immediately appointed Minister of Agriculture. Hays was often absent from the House and initially continued to serve as Calgary's mayor after his election to parliament. He also continued his work as an auctioneer as well as his volunteer duties for the Rotary Club.\nHays had little formal education and was popular for his down to earth manner of living and talking and often swore and used poor grammar and colourful expressions. He described his agricultural policy by saying \"We want a flush-toilet, not an outhouse, farm economy for Canada\". However, some of his views were unpopular with farmers, such as his opposition to farm subsidies. He advocated a minimum guaranteed income for farmers and a system of marketing boards. During his tenure as minister the Dairy Commission Act was introduced establishing an agency to purchase, store and market dairy products. He was also responsible for the Farm Machinery Syndicate Credit Act which extended loans to farmers to buy machinery co-operatively. Journalist Walter Stewart once wrote of Hays that \"No minister seems more inept inside Parliament and few get so much done outside it.\"\nHays also established the Veterinary College at Saskatoon and was responsible for expanding crop insurance and introducing a national farm accounting system.\nHe and Tory Alvin Hamilton were bitter rivals with Hamilton denigrating Hays' efforts regularly. Hays once challenged Hamilton to prove he could beat Hays in a cow milking contest but the competition never came to pass.\nHe was defeated in his attempt to retain his seat in the 1965 federal election due to the unpopularity of the Liberal government in Alberta but was appointed to the Senate of Canada in 1966 on the advice of Pearson and served on the Senate's agriculture committee for a number of years.\nIn 1980 he co-chaired the special joined committee of the Senate and House of Commons on the Canadian Constitution and was an advocate of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and of reducing the Senate's power to veto legislation approved by the House of Commons.\nHe died in office in 1982 following heart surgery.\nHis son Daniel Hays, was a former member of the Senate of Canada where he has been Speaker and was also Leader of the Opposition. A federal building in downtown Calgary, the Harry Hays Building, is named in his honour.", "Q195390": "Alexander Berkman (November 21, 1870 \u2013 June 28, 1936) was a leading member of the anarchist movement in the early 20th century, famous for both his political activism and his writing.\nBerkman was born in Vilna in the Russian Empire (present-day Vilnius, Lithuania) and immigrated to the United States in 1888. He lived in New York City, where he became involved in the anarchist movement. He was the one-time lover and lifelong friend of anarchist Emma Goldman. In 1892, undertaking an act of propaganda of the deed, Berkman made an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate businessman Henry Clay Frick, for which he served 14 years in prison. His experience in prison was the basis of his first book, Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist.\nAfter his release from prison, Berkman served as editor of Goldman's anarchist journal, Mother Earth, and later established his own journal, The Blast. In 1917, Berkman and Goldman were sentenced to two years in jail for conspiracy against the newly instated draft. After their release from prison, they were arrested\u2014along with hundreds of others\u2014and deported to Russia. Initially supportive of that country's Bolshevik revolution, Berkman and Goldman soon became disillusioned, voicing their opposition to the Soviets' use of terror after seizing power and their repression of fellow revolutionaries. They left the Soviet Union in late 1921, and in 1925 Berkman published a book about his experiences, The Bolshevik Myth.\nWhile living in France, Berkman continued his work in support of the anarchist movement, producing the classic exposition of anarchist principles, Now and After: The ABC of Communist Anarchism. Suffering from ill health, Berkman committed suicide in 1936.", "Q326690": "Fremde Haut is a 2005 German film. It was directed by Angelina Maccarone and stars Jasmin Tabatabai, Anneke Kim Sarnau, and Nav\u00edd Akhavan. Its English title is Unveiled.", "Q1186843": "The Budapest University of Technology and Economics (Hungarian: Budapesti M\u0171szaki \u00e9s Gazdas\u00e1gtudom\u00e1nyi Egyetem or in short M\u0171egyetem), official abbreviation BME, is the most significant University of Technology in Hungary and is considered the world's oldest Institute of Technology which has university rank and structure. It was the first institute in Europe to train engineers at university level. It was founded in 1782.\nMore than 110 departments and institutes operate within the structure of eight faculties. About 1100 lecturers, 400 researchers and other degree holders and numerous invited lecturers and practising expert specialists participate in education and research at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Approximately 1381 of the university's 21.171 students are from 50 countries abroad. The Budapest University of Technology and Economics issues about 70% of Hungary's engineering degrees. 34 professors/researchers of the university are members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.\nTraining courses are provided in five languages: Hungarian, English, German, French and Russian.\nThe ECTS credit system was introduced in 1995. This helps students to enroll in the student exchange program of the European Union, the Socrates (also known as Erasmus), and earn a double degree through the Top Industrial Managers for Europe network.", "Q74194": "Holger Krahmer (born 16 October 1970 in Leipzig) is a German politician and former Member of the European Parliament with the Free Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.", "Q369839": "The University of Szeged (Hungarian: Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, listen ) is a large research university in Hungary. It is located in Hungary's third-largest city, Szeged, in Csongr\u00e1d County in the Southern Great Plain. The University is one of Hungary's most important universities and is among the most prominent higher education institutions in Central Europe. According to the Academic Ranking of World Universities by Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2003, 2004, 2005), it was ranked 203rd\u2013300th in the complete list (in a tie), 80th\u2013123rd in the scientific ranking of European universities, and first in the Hungarian national ranking. In 2013 it was ranked 401-500 in the world, 124th\u2013168th in the scientific ranking of European universities, and second in the national ranking. In 2014, the QS World University Rankings put the University of Szeged as 501-550 among universities globally. Its highest ranked subject area was Modern Languages with 101\u2013150 globally. The University's operating budget for 2014 was US$220 million.", "Q107194": "George Grosz (German: [\u0261\u0281o\u02d0s]; born Georg Ehrenfried Gro\u00df; July 26, 1893 \u2013 July 6, 1959) was a German artist known especially for his caricatural drawings and paintings of Berlin life in the 1920s. He was a prominent member of the Berlin Dada and New Objectivity group during the Weimar Republic. He immigrated to the United States in 1933, and became a naturalized citizen in 1938. Abandoning the style and subject matter of his earlier work, he exhibited regularly and taught for many years at the Art Students League of New York. In 1959 he returned to Berlin where he died.", "Q470841": "Han Han (born September 23, 1982) is a Chinese professional rally driver, best-selling author, singer, creator of Party, One (App magazine) and China's most popular blogger. He has published five novels to date, and is represented by the Hong Kong-based Peony Literary Agency. He is also involved in music production. In May 2010, Han Han was named one of the most influential people in the world by Time magazine. In September 2010, British magazine New Statesman listed Han Han at 48th place in the list of \"The World's 50 Most Influential Figures 2010\". In June 2010, Han Han was interviewed by CNN as China's rebel writer who has become the unofficial voice for his generation.", "Q992295": "The Gap Band was an American R&B and funk band that rose to fame during the 1970s and 1980s. The band consisted of three brothers Charlie, Ronnie, and Robert Wilson; and it was named after streets (Greenwood, Archer, and Pine) in the historic Greenwood neighborhood in the brothers' hometown of Tulsa, Oklahoma. After 43 years together, they retired in 2010.", "Q441444": "Everything Will Be Fine (Danish: Alting bliver godt igen) is a 2010 Danish film directed by Christoffer Boe, who also wrote the screenplay.", "Q1292656": "Susannah Melvoin (born January 26, 1964) is an American vocalist and songwriter, best known for her association with Prince in the mid-1980s. Coming from a musical family, Melvoin is the twin sister of musician Wendy Melvoin, sister of Jonathan Melvoin (former touring keyboardist with The Smashing Pumpkins), and daughter of jazz pianist (and former NARAS president) Michael Melvoin.", "Q244767": "Passport to Paris is a 1999 direct-to-video film starring Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, who also serve as the film's executive producers. It is the first of seven direct-to-video films produced by Tapestry Films to star the Olsens.", "Q429934": "Pitch Black (titled The Chronicles of Riddick: Pitch Black on its DVD re-release) is a 2000 American science fiction action horror film co-written and directed by David Twohy. The film stars Vin Diesel, Radha Mitchell, Cole Hauser, and Keith David. Dangerous criminal Richard B. Riddick (Diesel) is being transported to prison in a spacecraft. When the spaceship is damaged by comet debris and makes an emergency crash landing on an empty desert planet, Riddick escapes. However, when predatory alien creatures begin attacking the survivors, Riddick joins forces with the surviving crew and other passengers to develop a plan to escape the planet.\nPitch Black was the final film credit of PolyGram Filmed Entertainment, which merged with Universal Pictures during production. It was shot on a modest budget of US$23 million. Despite mixed reviews from critics, it was a sleeper hit, grossing over $53 million worldwide and developing its own cult following, particularly around the antihero Riddick. A sequel, The Chronicles of Riddick, was released in 2004 by Universal, with Diesel back as the title character and Twohy returning as writer and director. A third film, simply titled Riddick, was released in 2013, with Diesel and Twohy reuniting again.\n\n", "Q1438": "Campania (, also UK: , US: , Italian: [kam\u02c8pa\u02d0nja], Neapolitan: [kam\u02c8b\u0251\u02d0nj\u0259]) is a region in Southern Italy. As of 2018, the region has a population of around 5,820,000 people, making it the third-most-populous region of Italy; its total area of 13,590 km2 (5,247 sq mi) makes it the most densely populated region in the country. Located on the south-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, with the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west, it includes the small Phlegraean Islands and Capri for administration as part of the region.\nCoastal areas in the region were colonised by the Ancient Greeks between the 8th and 7th centuries BC, becoming part of the so-called Magna Gr\u00e6cia. The leading city of Campania at this time was Capua, with Naples being a Greek-speaking anomaly. Campania is rich in culture, especially in regard to gastronomy, music, architecture, archeological and ancient sites such as Pompeii, Herculaneum, Oplontis, Paestum, Aeclanum, Stabiae and Velia. The name of Campania is derived from Latin, as the Romans knew the region as Campania felix, which translates into English as \"fertile countryside\" or \"happy countryside\". The rich natural beauty of Campania makes it highly important in the tourism industry, with the Amalfi Coast, Mount Vesuvius and the island of Capri continuing to be major attractions.", "Q392335": "Nafa Indria Urbach (born in Magelang, 15 June 1980), better known as Nafa Urbach, an Indonesian soap opera actress and singer. She began her career in the entertainment world through with her song \"Bagai Lilin Kecil\" composed by Deddy Dores. She is often referred to as the successor to the singer Nike Ardilla.", "Q72283": "Ludwig Anton Salomon Fulda (July 7, 1862 \u2013 March 7, 1939) was a German playwright and poet, with a strong social commitment. He lived with Moritz Moszkowski's first wife Henriette, n\u00e9e Chaminade, younger sister of pianist and composer C\u00e9cile Chaminade.\n\n", "Q86464": "G\u00fcnter Neuhold (born November 2, 1947 in Graz) is an Austrian conductor. He attended the Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr Musik und darstellende Kunst Graz and graduated in 1968 with a master's degree. He later studied conducting with Franco Ferrara in Rome and with Hans Swarowsky in Vienna.\nAt the Dortmund, Neuhold served as first conductor. His prizes at various music competitions have included:\n\nFlorence, 1st prize, 1976\nSan Remo (\"Marinuzzi\"), 1st prize, 1976\nVienna (\"Swarowsky\"), 2nd prize, 1977\nSalzburg (\"B\u00f6hm\"), 1st prize, 1977\nMilan (\"Cantelli\") 3rd prize, 1977From 1981 to 1986, Neuhold was music director of the Teatro Regio di Parma. He has also served as chief conductor of the Orchestra Sinfonica \"Arturo Toscanini\" From 1986 to 1990, Neuhold was chief conductor and music director of the Royal Flemish Philharmonic. He was general music director of the Badische Staatskapelle from 1989 to 1995. From 1995 to 2002, he was chief conductor of the Bremer Philharmoniker (Bremen Philharmonic) and music director at the Bremen Opera. Since 2008 he has been chief conductor and artistic director of the Bilbao Orkestra Sinfonikoa (BOS; Bilbao Symphony Orchestra). In April 2010, the orchestra announced the extension of Neuhold's contract with the BOS for another 3 years.Neuhold has led commercial recordings for such labels as Naxos Records, Brilliant Classics and Bella Musica. These recorded works include: the second of only two recordings of the original 1904 version of Puccini's Madama Butterfly, Bruckner: Symphony No. 4, Bach's St Matthew Passion and a live recording of Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen.", "Q62090": "Werner Naumann (16 June 1909 \u2013 25 October 1982) was State Secretary in Joseph Goebbels' Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda during the Nazi Germany era. He was appointed head of the Propaganda Ministry by F\u00fchrer Adolf Hitler in his last will and testament after Goebbels was promoted to Reichskanzler. Naumann was present in the F\u00fchrerbunker in Berlin in late April 1945.", "Q100823": "Heinrich Schmidt (December 13, 1902 \u2013 December 20, 1960) was a Nazi German politician and mayor of Hildesheim, Germany. He was also a member of the Prussian State Parliament and the National Socialist Reichstag.", "Q183294": "Harold \"Hal\" Glen Borland (May 14, 1900 \u2013 February 22, 1978) was an American author, journalist and naturalist. In addition to writing many non-fiction and fiction books about the outdoors, he was a staff writer and editorialist for The New York Times.", "Q4821484": "Augustus Lowell (January 15, 1830 \u2013 1900) was a businessman and philanthropist from Massachusetts. A member of the Brahmin Lowell family, he was born in Boston to John Amory Lowell and his second wife Elizabeth Cabot Putnam. His great-grandfather, John Lowell, was among the first Judges for the newly created federal courts, appointed by Presidents George Washington and John Adams. Augustus' elder brother, Judge John Lowell, would be appointed to hold the same seats held by their great-grandfather, by Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Rutherford Hayes.", "Q5352191": "A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skill and technique, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles.", "Q135640": "Valery Larbaud (29 August 1881 \u2013 2 February 1957) was a French writer and poet.", "Q729032": "Luigi Carlo Farini (22 October 1812 \u2013 1 August 1866) was an Italian physician, statesman and historian.", "Q237951": "Douglas Ross Hyde (Irish: Dubhghlas de h\u00cdde; 17 January 1860 \u2013 12 July 1949), known as An Craoibh\u00edn Aoibhinn (lit. \"the pleasant little branch\"), was an Irish academic, linguist, scholar of the Irish language, politician and diplomat who served as the first President of Ireland from June 1938 to June 1945. He was a leading figure in the Gaelic revival, and the first President of the Gaelic League, one of the most influential cultural organisations in Ireland at the time.", "Q209667": "Volver (Spanish pronunciation: [\u03b2ol\u02c8\u03b2e\u027e], meaning \"to go back\") is a 2006 Spanish drama film written and directed by Pedro Almod\u00f3var. Headed by actress Pen\u00e9lope Cruz, the film features an ensemble cast also starring Carmen Maura, Lola Due\u00f1as, Blanca Portillo, Yohana Cobo, and Chus Lampreave. Revolving around an eccentric family of women from a wind-swept region south of Madrid, Cruz plays Raimunda, a working-class woman forced to go to great lengths to protect her 14-year-old daughter Paula. To top off the family crisis, her mother Irene comes back from the dead to tie up loose ends.\nThe plot originates in Almod\u00f3var's earlier film The Flower of My Secret (1995), where it features as a novel which is rejected for publication but is stolen to form the screenplay of a film named The Freezer. Drawing inspiration from the Italian neorealism of the late 1940s to early 1950s and the work of pioneering directors such as Federico Fellini, Luchino Visconti, and Pier Paolo Pasolini, Volver addresses themes like sexual abuse, loneliness and death, mixing the genres of farce, tragedy, melodrama, and magic realism. Set in the La Mancha region, Almod\u00f3var's place of birth, the filmmaker cited his upbringing as a major influence on many aspects of the plot and the characters.\nVolver premiered at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or. It received critical acclaim and ultimately won two awards at the festival, for Best Actress (shared by the six main actresses) and Best Screenplay. The film's Spanish premiere was held on 10 March 2006 in Puertollano, Spain, where the filming had taken place. Cruz was nominated for the 2006 Academy Award for Best Actress, making her the first Spanish woman ever to be nominated in that category.", "Q228871": "Carla Gugino (; born August 29, 1971) is an American actress. After appearing in Troop Beverly Hills (1989) and This Boy's Life (1993), she received recognition for her starring roles as Ingrid Cortez in the Spy Kids trilogy (2001\u20132003), Rebecca Hutman in Night At The Museum (2006), Laurie Roberts in American Gangster (2007), Sally Jupiter / Silk Spectre in Watchmen (2009), Dr. Vera Gorski in Sucker Punch (2011), Emma Gaines in San Andreas (2015), and Jessie Burlingame in Gerald's Game (2017).\nGugino also starred as the lead character in the crime drama series Karen Sisco (2003), the science fiction series Threshold (2005\u20132006), the supernatural horror series The Haunting of Hill House (2018), and the crime drama series Jett (2019\u2013present).", "Q292453": "Delta Ramona Leah Burke (born July 30, 1956) is an American actress, producer, and author. From 1986 to 1991, she starred as Suzanne Sugarbaker in the CBS sitcom Designing Women, for which she was nominated for two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series.\nBurke's other television credits include Filthy Rich (1982\u201383), Delta (1992\u201393), Women of the House (1995) and DAG (2000\u201301). She has produced and starred in made-for-TV movies, appeared in the film What Women Want (2000), and had a recurring guest role in the drama series Boston Legal (2006\u201307). She has also starred in the Broadway productions of Thoroughly Modern Millie (2003) and Steel Magnolias (2005).", "Q1503300": "Marcin Urba\u015b (born September 17, 1976 in Krak\u00f3w) is a former Polish track and field athlete. He is the Polish record holder for the 200 metres dash with 19.98 seconds. He is now a sprinting coach.\n\n", "Q1358639": "Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park & Mortuary is a cemetery and mortuary located in the Westwood Village area of Los Angeles. It is located at 1218 Glendon Avenue in Westwood, with an entrance from Glendon Avenue.The cemetery was established as Sunset Cemetery in 1905, but had been used for burials since the 1880s. In 1926 the name was officially changed to Westwood Memorial Park and was later changed again to Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park & Mortuary.Although it is the resting place of some of the entertainment industry's greatest names, it also contains the graves of many uncelebrated people. For example, when Marilyn Monroe died in 1962, Joe DiMaggio, responsible for Monroe's arrangements, chose Westwood not because of its celebrities but because it was the resting place of her mother's friend, Grace Goddard, and Goddard's aunt, Ana Lower, both of whom had cared for Monroe as a child.", "Q1101938": "Clive Jay Davis (born April 4, 1932) is an American record producer, A&R executive, and music industry executive. He has won five Grammy Awards and is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a non-performer.From 1967 to 1973, Davis was the president of Columbia Records. He was the founder and president of Arista Records from 1975 through 2000 until founding J Records. From 2002 until April 2008, Davis was the chair and CEO of the RCA Music Group (which included RCA Records, J Records and Arista Records), chair and CEO of J Records, and chair and CEO of BMG North America.\nDavis is credited with hiring a young recording artist, Tony Orlando, for Columbia in 1967. He has signed many artists that achieved significant success, including Janis Joplin, Laura Nyro, Santana, Bruce Springsteen, Chicago, Billy Joel, Blood, Sweat & Tears, Loggins & Messina, Ace Of Base, Aerosmith, Pink Floyd, and Westlife. Davis is also credited with bringing Whitney Houston and Barry Manilow to prominence.As of 2018, Davis is the chief creative officer of Sony Music Entertainment.", "Q125447": "Kimberly Jean Brown (born November 16, 1984) is an American actress, best known to audiences for her portrayal of the teen witch Marnie Piper in the Halloweentown films, in which she starred alongside Debbie Reynolds. Before being cast as Marnie, Brown found notoriety for her role as Marah Lewis on Guiding Light, the third actress to take on the role, and as Annie Wheaton in the Rose Red miniseries, an original miniseries written by Stephen King.", "Q152817": "Girard Desargues (French: [deza\u0281\u0261]; 21 February 1591 \u2013 September 1661) was a French mathematician and engineer, who is considered one of the founders of projective geometry. Desargues' theorem, the Desargues graph, and the crater Desargues on the Moon are named in his honour.\n\nBorn in Lyon, Desargues came from a family devoted to service to the French crown. His father was a royal notary, an investigating commissioner of the Seneschal's court in Lyon (1574), the collector of the tithes on ecclesiastical revenues for the city of Lyon (1583) and for the diocese of Lyon.\nGirard Desargues worked as an architect from 1645. Prior to that, he had worked as a tutor and may have served as an engineer and technical consultant in the entourage of Richelieu.\nAs an architect, Desargues planned several private and public buildings in Paris and Lyon. As an engineer, he designed a system for raising water that he installed near Paris. It was based on the use of the at the time unrecognized principle of the epicycloidal wheel.\nHis research on perspective and geometrical projections can be seen as a culmination of centuries of scientific inquiry across the classical epoch in optics that stretched from al-Hasan Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) to Johannes Kepler, and going beyond a mere synthesis of these traditions with Renaissance perspective theories and practices.His work was rediscovered and republished in 1864. A collection of his works was published in 1951, and the 1864 compilation remains in print. One notable work, often cited by others in mathematics, is \"Rough draft for an essay on the results of taking plane sections of a cone\" (1639).\nLate in his life, Desargues published a paper with the cryptic title of DALG. The most common theory about what this stands for is Des Argues, Lyonnais, G\u00e9ometre (proposed by Henri Brocard).\nHe died in Lyon.", "Q49201": "Portland is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maine and the seat of Cumberland County. Portland's population was 66,417 as of 2018. The Greater Portland metropolitan area is home to over half a million people, more than one-third of Maine's total population, making it the most populous metropolitan area in northern New England (an area comprising the states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont) and the 106th-largest in the United States. Portland's economy relies mostly on the service sector and tourism. The Old Port district is known for its 19th-century architecture and nightlife. Marine industry still plays an important role in the city's economy, with an active waterfront that supports fishing and commercial shipping. The Port of Portland is the largest tonnage seaport in New England.The city seal depicts a phoenix rising from ashes, which is a reference to the recoveries from four devastating fires. Portland was named after the English Isle of Portland, Dorset. In turn, the city of Portland, Oregon was named after Portland, Maine. Portland itself comes from the Old English word Portlanda, which means \"land surrounding a harbor\".", "Q884391": "John Charles Vivian (June 30, 1887 \u2013 February 10, 1964) was a United States attorney, journalist, and Republican politician who served as the 30th governor of the State of Colorado from 1943 to 1947. He was the first lieutenant governor of Colorado to be elected governor.\nJohn Charles Vivian was born in Golden, Colorado, on June 30, 1887. The Vivian family was very prominent in Republican politics, of Cornish origin. Vivian received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Colorado in 1909 and a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Denver School of Law in 1913. Vivian married Maude Charlotte Kleyn, a professor from the University of Michigan School of Music. Vivian served in the United States Marines during World War I and became the Jefferson County Attorney in 1922.\nJohn Vivian was elected Lieutenant Governor of Colorado in 1938. In 1942, Republican Party officials decided to nominate Vivian for governor instead of incumbent Colorado Governor Ralph Lawrence Carr, who had angered many with his opposition to the internment of Japanese-American citizens. Vivian was elected governor in 1942 and was reelected in 1944. Governor Vivian was a staunch fiscal conservative in both public policy and his personal life. He was labeled \"our spend nothing governor\" by both opponents and supporters.\nVivian died in Golden, Colorado, on February 10, 1964, at the age of seventy-six.", "Q92405": "Klaus-J\u00fcrgen Bathe is a civil engineer, professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and founder of ADINA R&D, who specializes in computational mechanics. Bathe is considered to be one of the pioneers in the field of finite element analysis and its applications.", "Q115584": "Albert Meyer (March 13, 1870 \u2013 October 22,1953) was a Swiss politician, editor of Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung (1915-1930) and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1929-1938).\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 12 December 1929 and handed over office on 31 December 1938. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party. \nDuring his time in office he held the Department of Home Affairs from 1930 to 1934 and the Department of Finance from 1934 to 1938, and was President of the Confederation in 1936.", "Q389067": "After School (Hangul: \uc560\ud504\ud130\uc2a4\ucfe8), stylized as AFTERSCHOOL in Japan, is a South Korean girl group with an admissions and graduation concept formed by Pledis Entertainment. As of December 2019, After School only has one member under the label. According to the group's website however, Lizzy, Raina, E-Young and Kaeun are still members of the group.After School officially debuted in January 2009 with \"AH!\" from the single album New Schoolgirl. Following the addition of Uee in April of that year, they released \"Diva\", which won the \"Rookie of the Month\" award at the Cyworld Digital Music Awards. Pledis Entertainment then announced the graduation of Soyoung, before adding Raina and Nana for the release of \"Because of You\" in November 2009, which was an instant hit and became a commercial and critical success for the group, with the song winning a \"triple crown\" on Inkigayo and was the best selling song of December 2009, eventually becoming one of the best selling K-Pop singles of all time. Follow-up singles \"Bang!\", \"Shampoo\", \"Flashback\" and \"First Love\" further consolidated their domestic and international popularity and saw the additions of Lizzy, E-Young and Kaeun, as well as the graduations of original members Bekah and Kahi. In 2010, the three newest members at that time formed the group's first subunit, Orange Caramel, and in 2011 a second subunit was formed when the group was split into two teams, A.S. Red and A.S. Blue, for the release of their fourth single album.\nIn the beginning of 2011, the group signed with Avex Trax to begin their promotions in Japan. The group made their first official appearance in Japan by collaborating with singer Namie Amuro for a song from her collaboration album Checkmate!, titled \"Make it Happen\". The song went onto win Best Collaboration at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards Japan. The group's debut single, a remake of their Korean hit \"Bang!\", was released in August that year and charted at number seven on Oricon's Weekly Singles Chart. Follow-up singles \"Diva\" and \"Rambling Girls\" / \"Because of You\" had similar success and helped to establish a fanbase in Japan before the release of the group's debut Japanese album, Playgirlz (2012). Their second Japanese album, Dress to Kill, fronted by the Shinichi Osawa produced singles \"Heaven\" and \"Shh\", was released in 2014.\nAfter School received attention for their unique live performances, often incorporating different performance styles into their songs, including drums, tap dancing and pole dancing, which garnered praise from Billboard who referred to the group as the \"top performers in K-pop\". The group also ranked number five in Billboard's list of the \"Top 10 K-Pop Girl Groups of the Past Decade\". They have also won numerous awards throughout their career, including the Korean Popular Culture and Arts Award and the Idol Music Best of the Best Award in the 19th South Korea Culture & Entertainment Awards, and have sold over 12 million copies of their singles domestically.From 2015 onward After School halted group promotions and the members have embarked on individual music, acting and modeling careers. In 2019, Lizzy revealed that all members had gradually gone their separate ways, however the group has not officially disbanded.\n\n", "Q46132": "Alvin Lee (born Graham Anthony Barnes; 19 December 1944 \u2013 6 March 2013) was an English singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is best known as the lead vocalist and lead guitarist of the blues rock band Ten Years After.\n\n", "Q240515": "Kathryn Stockett is an American novelist. She is known for her 2009 debut novel, The Help, which is about African-American maids working in white households in Jackson, Mississippi, during the 1960s.\n\n", "Q332197": "Fred Van Hove (born 1937) is a Belgian jazz musician and a pioneer of European free jazz. He is a pianist, accordionist, church organist, and carillonist, an improviser and a composer. He is known for his work in the 1960s and 1970s with saxophonist Peter Br\u00f6tzmann and drummer Han Bennink and for his subsequent work in various duos and as a solo artist.", "Q94074": "Ludwig von Tetmajer (July 14, 1850, Krompachy, Slovakia - February 1, 1905, Vienna, Austria) was a professor at the Eidgen\u00f6ssischen Polytechnikum, the fore-runner of modern ETH in Zurich. Tetmajer was a pioneer in the development of the research laboratories for determining the physical and mechanical properties of the construction materials and a co-founder of the Festigkeitspr\u00fcfungsanstalt, the modern Eidgenossische Materialpr\u00fcfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) of Switzerland.", "Q1939373": "Rohan Anthony Marley (born 19 May 1972) is a Jamaican entrepreneur and former gridiron football player. He is the son of reggae artist Bob Marley and Janet Hunt. He was born during his father's marriage to Rita, and went to live with her from the age of four until moving to live with Marley's mother after his father died of cancer in Miami in 1981.A 1991 graduate of Miami Palmetto Senior High School, Marley played linebacker for the University of Miami, where he played alongside Dwayne Johnson, Warren Sapp and Ray Lewis. In 1993, he led the Hurricanes with 95 tackles. He later played professional football in the Canadian Football League with the Ottawa Rough Riders.", "Q228865": "Mia Wasikowska ( VUSH-i-KOF-sk\u0259; born 25 October 1989) is an Australian actress. She made her screen debut on the Australian television drama All Saints in 2004, followed by her feature film debut in Suburban Mayhem (2006). She first became known to a wider audience following her critically acclaimed work on the HBO television series In Treatment. She was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female for That Evening Sun (2009).\nWasikowska gained worldwide recognition in 2010 after starring as Alice in Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland and appearing in the comedy-drama film The Kids Are All Right, a role for which she received the Hollywood Awards Breakthrough Actress Award. She starred in the film Crimson Peak (2015), directed by Guillermo del Toro. The following year, she reprised her role as Alice in the fantasy film Alice Through the Looking Glass, and has since appeared in a number of independent films.", "Q674447": "Piz Scerscen (3,971 m) is a mountain in the Bernina Range in Switzerland and Italy, joining the neighbouring Piz Bernina by its north-east ridge via a 3,895 m pass. Its name means 'the circular mountain' ('Scerscen' is pronounced cherchen).\nThe mountain has a prominent secondary summit called the Schneehaube (3,875 m).\nThe first ascent of Piz Scerscen was by Paul G\u00fcssfeldt, Hans Grass and Caspar Capat on 13 September 1877 via the north-west spur, descending the same way. This is the well-known Eisnase route, involving a 100-metre ice pitch of between 60\u201370\u00b0, although its precise length and steepness are debated.[1] \n. This was the route followed by Walter Risch on the first solo ascent of the mountain in 1924. The first ascent of the north-west face was by Christian Klucker and L. Norman-Neruda on 9 July 1890.", "Q107180": "Rudolf Friedrichs (9 March 1892 - 13 June 1947) was a German politician who served as the Minister-President of Saxony in the German Democratic Republic from 1945 to his death.", "Q862172": "Bill Gwatney (August 26, 1959 \u2013 August 13, 2008) was an American politician who served as the State Chair of the Democratic Party of Arkansas. He had previously served as a State Senator for ten years and as the financial chair of Mike Beebe's campaign for Governor of Arkansas in 2006. Gwatney was selected as a superdelegate at the 2008 Democratic National Convention, but was assassinated before the convention.", "Q441450": "The Naked Brothers Band is an 2007 American children's musical comedy film written and directed by Polly Draper, which stars her sons, Nat Wolff and Alex Wolff, who portray members of a fictional rock group. It tells of the boys' struggles with their fame and an internal dispute that causes the band to split before reuniting in the end. The film is emboldened by Nat's band, The Silver Boulders, which he created in preschool with his friends Joshua Kaye, Thomas Batuello, and David Levi, who all portray themselves. It also includes Allie DiMeco as Nat's fictional female interest, the siblings' real-life cousin Jesse Draper as the group's babysitter, Draper's husband Michael Wolff playing his sons' widowed accordion-playing dad, and real life friends Cooper Pillot and Cole Hawkins portraying the other members of the band.\nDraper shot the film in the style of a mockumentary\u2014a parody in documentary format\u2014that depicts the daily activities of the characters. Nat composed and performed the music, yet one song had been written by Alex. Principal photography took place in mid-2004 on location in New York City, and the interior scenes were vastly filmed in the family's Manhattan apartment. Draper's brother, Tim, a venture capitalist, provided financial incentives for the shoot.\nIn late 2005, Polly Draper, known for her role in Thirtysomething, and her jazz musician husband Michael Wolff entered the film at the Hamptons International Film Festival, where it won the audience award. Former Nickelodeon president Albie Hecht attended the screening and purchased the movie, in association with his Worldwide Biggies label. It became the pilot for the subsequent Nickelodeon show of the same name, airing in the United States on January 27, 2007. The series was created and produced by Draper and premiered in February 2007, to the channel's highest ratings in seven years for viewers in the 6\u201311 age group.", "Q265965": "Eden Is West (French: Eden \u00e0 l'ouest) is a 2009 film by Greek-French director Costa-Gavras about an illegal immigrant called Elias who tries to get to Paris. The original title in Greek is \"Paradissos sti Dysi\" (\"Paradise in West\") and since it is a Greek-French production, the also original French title is \"Eden \u00e0 l'ouest'. The nationality of the central hero is not disclosed because Gavras wants to make a point about the odysseys of the illegal immigrants of any nationality, since he himself was an immigrant 50 years ago in France, before he became a well known director. His hero seems to tolerate the sea, the cold of snowy mountains and the hunger, the rapists and robbers he meets, the cops that are after him all the time, the racists who push him aside, the fellow immigrants who steal his clothes and in the best case the women who see him as a lover they could also take advantage of. His only comfort is his dream of Paris and, in the complexity of human condition, the good within the evil and vice versa.", "Q205049": "World music (also called global music or international music) is a Western musical category encompassing many different styles of music from other parts of the globe. It includes many forms of music that Westerners consider ethnic, indigenous music, folk music, neotraditional music, and music where more than one cultural tradition, such as non-Western music and Western popular music, intermingle.\nWorld music's inclusive nature and elasticity as a musical category may pose some obstacles to a universal definition, but its ethic of interest in the culturally exotic is encapsulated in fRoots magazine's description of the genre as \"local music from out there\".The term was popularized in the 1980s as a marketing category for non-Western traditional music. It has grown to include subgenres such as ethnic fusion (Clannad, Ry Cooder, Enya, etc.) and worldbeat.", "Q823648": "The Socialist Party of Chile (Spanish: Partido Socialista de Chile, or PS) is a political party within the centre-left Nueva Mayor\u00eda. Its historic leader was President of Chile Salvador Allende, who was deposed in a coup d'\u00e9tat by General Pinochet in 1973. Twenty-seven years later, Ricardo Lagos Escobar represented the Socialist Party in the 1999 presidential elections. He won 48.0% in the first round of voting and was elected with 51.3% in the second round. In the legislative elections on 16 December 2001, as part of the Coalition of Parties for Democracy, the party won 10 out of 117 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 5 out of 38 elected seats in the Senate. After the 2005 elections, the Party increased its seats to 15 and 8, respectively. In the 2009 elections, it retained 11 Congressional and 5 Senate seats.\nSocialist Michelle Bachelet won the 2005 presidential election. She was the first female president of Chile and was succeeded by Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era in 2010. In the 2013 presidential election, she was elected again and took office in 2014.", "Q73189": "Heinrich von Friedberg (27 January 1813 \u2013 2 June 1895) was a German jurist and statesman.\nFriedberg was born in M\u00e4rkisch Friedland in West Prussia. He studied law at the University of Berlin, earning his degree in 1836. He was attached to the Kammergericht at Berlin, where he became district attorney in 1848. Transferred to Greifswald, he was appointed (1850) attorney, and became privatdozent at the university. In 1854 he was called to the Prussian Department of Justice in Berlin. He became a member of the Prussian House of Lords (1872); assistant secretary of the Prussian Department of Justice (1873); \"Kronsyndikus\" (treasurer of the crown of Prussia (1875); German secretary of justice (Reichsjustizminister) (1876); and received the same portfolio for Prussia (1879). In 1888 he was knighted and decorated with the Prussian Order of the Black Eagle. He resigned from his official positions in 1889.\nFriedberg became a Protestant early in his career. He died in Berlin. Among his works may be mentioned \"Entwurf einer Deutschen Strafprozessordnung\", Berlin, 1873", "Q440996": "Marietta Sergeevna Shaginian (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044d\u0301\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0428\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0301\u043d; Armenian: \u0544\u0561\u0580\u056b\u0565\u057f\u0561 \u054d\u0565\u0580\u0563\u0565\u0575\u056b \u0547\u0561\u0570\u056b\u0576\u0575\u0561\u0576, April 2, 1888 \u2013 March 20, 1982) was a Soviet writer and activist of Armenian descent. She was one of the \"fellow travelers\" of the 1920s led by the Serapion Brotherhood and became one of the most prolific communist writers experimenting in satirico-fantastic fiction. She was born and died in Moscow.\nIn February 1912 Shaginian wrote to the composer Sergei Rachmaninoff, signing herself \"Re\". This was the first of many letters written between them over the next 5 years, many quoted in Bertensson & Leyda. Later in 1912, Rachmaninoff asked her to suggest poems he could set as songs. Many of her suggestions appeared in his Op. 34 set of that year (list of titles in Bertensson & Leyda). The first group, from Pushkin's poem \"The Muse\" of 1828, he dedicated to her. In 1913 she dedicated her first set of published poems, \"Orientalia\", to him. Rachmaninoff left Russia in 1917, never to return, and their correspondence ceased at that point.Shaginian wrote the novels Miss Mend: Yankees in Petrograd (1923), Three Looms (1929), Hydrocentral (1930\u201331), for which she was criticized by Soviet literary critics who found her innovative fiction to be \"decadent\" and \"bourgeois.\" She was forced to stop writing in this genre and turned to essay writing. For her novels about Lenin's life and activities she was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1972. Shaginian spent much of her time in Koktebel, Crimea, where she had bought a summer house for her family. The Russian bohemian elite gathered in Koktebel every summer and stayed there until September, spending time at the Voloshin house.\nMarietta's daughter Mirelle Shaginian was a painter, who was married to Victor Tsigal, a Russian painter and sculptor. Their son Serega Tsigal is an artist in Moscow. His wife Lubov Polishuk was one of Russia's most famous actresses. Serega's daughter Marietta Tsigal followed her mother's steps into acting. She was named after her great grandmother. Marietta Shaginian has two great great grandchildren Anastasia Shaginian and her brother Andrei.\nA minor planet 2144 Marietta discovered in 1975 by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh is named in her honor.", "Q212535": "Henning Moritzen (3 August 1928 \u2013 11 August 2012) was a Danish film actor. He appeared in more than 70 films between 1950 and 2010. He was born in Taarb\u00e6k, Denmark.", "Q864503": "A biologist is a professional who has specialized knowledge in the field of biology, understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern the functioning of biological systems within fields such as health, technology and the environment. Biologists involved in fundamental research attempt to explore and further explain the underlying mechanisms that govern the functioning of living matter. Biologists involved in applied research attempt to develop or improve more specific processes and understanding, in fields such as medicine and industry.\nBiologists are interested in understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern the functioning of living matter as well as the complex properties that emerge from the biophysical, biochemical, cellular and systemic interactions of living systems. Biologists conduct research using the scientific method to test the validity of a theory in a rational, unbiased and reproducible manner. This consists of hypothesis formation, experimentation and data analysis to establish the validity or invalidity of a scientific theory.\nThere are different types of biologists. Theoretical biologists use mathematical methods and develop models to understand phenomena and ideally predict future experimental results, while experimental biologists conceive experiments to test those predictions. Some biologists work on microorganisms, while others study multicellular organisms (including humans). Some investigate the nano or micro-scale, others emergent properties such as ecological interactions or cognition. There is much overlap between different fields of biology (e.g. zoology, microbiology, genetics and evolutionary biology) and due to the interdisciplinary nature of the field it is often difficult to classify a life scientist as only one of them. Many biological scientists work in research and development. Some conduct fundamental research to advance human knowledge of life. Furthermore, applied biological research often aids the development of solutions to problems in areas such as human health and the natural environment. Biological scientists mostly work in government, university, and private industry laboratories.", "Q242302": "Ewa Farna (born 12 August 1993) is a Polish-Czech pop-rock singer. She released five Polish-language and four Czech-language studio albums, and received platinum and gold certifications for them, both in Poland and the Czech Republic. Farna is the youngest commercially successful singer in the Czech Republic. She was a judge on the Czech&Slovak SuperStar in 2013, the X Factor (Poland) in 2014, and is currently a judge on Idol (Poland).", "Q1528185": "Sherman Mills Fairchild (April 7, 1896 \u2013 March 28, 1971) was an American businessman and investor. He founded over 70 companies, including Fairchild Aircraft (Fairchild Aviation Corporation), Fairchild Industries, and Fairchild Camera and Instrument. Fairchild made significant contributions to the aviation industry and was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1979. His Fairchild Camera & Instrument Corporation, Semiconductor Division company played a defining role in the development of Silicon Valley. He held over 30 patents for products ranging from the silicon semiconductor to the 8-mm home sound motion-picture camera. Fairchild is also responsible for inventing the first synchronized camera shutter and flash as well as developing new technologies for aerial cameras that were later used on the Apollo Missions.\n\n", "Q1019805": "Oneonta ( OH-nee-ON-t\u0259) is a city in southern Otsego County, New York, United States. It is one of the northernmost cities of the Appalachian Region. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, Oneonta had a population of 13,901. Its nickname is \"City of the Hills.\" While the word \"oneonta\" is of undetermined origin, it is popularly believed to mean \"place of open rocks\" in the Mohawk language. This refers to a prominent geological formation known as \"Table Rock\" at the western end of the city.\nThe city is surrounded by the town of Oneonta, a separate municipal and political jurisdiction. Oneonta Municipal Airport (N66) is north of the city.\n\n", "Q1508255": "Luis Induni (5 March 1920, Romano di Lombardia, Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy - 31 December 1979, Barcelona, Spain) was an Italian film actor of the 1950s 1960s and 1970s.\nHe made his debut in the western film Billy the Kid (1962) along George Martin and Jack Taylor, and then he appeared in mostly Spaghetti Western Italian films starring as a sheriff, including Black Beauty in 1971, although his roles later in the 1970s extended to many other genres such as the 1972 horror film Dr. Jekyll y el Hombre Lobo. He also appeared in Cowards Don't Pray (1968), Dallas (1972), Damned Pistols of Dallas (1964), Woman for Ringo (1966), Mister Dynamit - Morgen k\u00fc\u00dft euch der Tod (1967), Il magnifico Texano (1967), and El hombre que mat\u00f3 a Billy el Ni\u00f1o (1967).He appeared in the police drama film Duda (1951).He died in 1979.", "Q185829": "Jean-Claude Forest (11 September 1930 \u2013 29 December 1998) was a French writer and illustrator of comics and the creator of character Barbarella.", "Q62084": "Louis Rudolph Franz Schlegelberger (23 October 1876 \u2013 14 December 1970) was State Secretary in the German Reich Ministry of Justice (RMJ) who served as Justice Minister during the Third Reich. He was the highest-ranking defendant at the Judges' Trial in Nuremberg.\n\n", "Q832745": "Brotherhood of Man are a British pop group who achieved success in the 1970s. They won the 1976 Eurovision Song Contest with \"Save Your Kisses for Me\".\nCreated in 1969 by songwriter and record producer Tony Hiller, Brotherhood of Man was initially an umbrella title for a frequently-changing line-up of session singers. Early on, they scored a worldwide hit with the song \"United We Stand\". By 1973 the concept had run its course and Hiller formed a definite four-member line-up consisting of Martin Lee, Lee Sheriden, Nicky Stevens and Sandra Stevens. This version of the group went on to score many hits around the world in the mid to late 1970s including \"Kiss Me Kiss Your Baby\", \"Angelo\", \"Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In)\" and \"Figaro\". They achieved perhaps their biggest success in their native UK with three number one singles and four top twenty albums. The group under this line-up still continues, performing shows throughout Europe. Altogether, they have released 16 studio albums, with worldwide sales topping 15 million records.", "Q6343": "Carthage was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia. Carthage was widely considered the most important trading hub of the Ancient Mediterranean and was arguably one of the most affluent cities of the Ancient World.\nThe city developed from a Phoenician colony into the capital of a Punic empire which dominated large parts of the Southwest Mediterranean during the first millennium BC. The legendary Queen Alyssa or Dido is regarded as the founder of the city, though her historicity has been questioned. According to accounts by Timaeus of Tauromenium, she purchased from a local tribe the amount of land that could be covered by an oxhide. Cutting the skin into strips, she laid out her claim and founded an empire that would become, through the Punic Wars, the only existential threat to Rome until the coming of the Vandals several centuries later.The ancient city was destroyed by the Roman Republic in the Third Punic War in 146 BC and then re-developed as Roman Carthage, which became the major city of the Roman Empire in the province of Africa. The city was sacked and destroyed by Umayyad forces after the Battle of Carthage in 698 to prevent it from being reconquered by the Byzantine Empire. It remained occupied during the Muslim period and was used as a fort by the Muslims until the Hafsid period when it was taken by the Crusaders with its inhabitants massacred during the Eighth Crusade. The Hafsids decided to destroy its defenses so it could not be used as a base by a hostile power again. It also continued to function as an episcopal see.\nThe regional power had shifted to Kairouan and the Medina of Tunis in the medieval period, until the early 20th century, when it began to develop into a coastal suburb of Tunis, incorporated as Carthage municipality in 1919. The archaeological site was first surveyed in 1830, by Danish consul Christian Tuxen Falbe. Excavations were performed in the second half of the 19th century by\nCharles Ernest Beul\u00e9 and by Alfred Louis Delattre. The Carthage National Museum was founded in 1875 by Cardinal Charles Lavigerie.\nExcavations performed by French archaeologists in the 1920s first attracted an extraordinary amount of attention because of the evidence they produced for child sacrifice. There has been considerable disagreement among scholars concerning whether child sacrifice was practiced by ancient Carthage. The open-air Carthage Paleo-Christian Museum has exhibits excavated under the auspices of UNESCO from 1975 to 1984.", "Q1092188": "Steven \"Dobby\" Dawson (born 24 February 1952) is an English bass guitarist and a founder of Saxon. Dawson was the inspiration for Harry Shearer's Spinal Tap character Derek Smalls.\n\n", "Q214622": "Nikos Kazantzakis (Greek: \u039d\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 [\u02c8nikos kazan\u02c8d\u0361zacis]; 18 February 1883 \u2013 26 October 1957) was a Greek writer. Widely considered a giant of modern Greek literature, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in nine different years.Kazantzakis' novels included Zorba the Greek (published 1946 as Life and Times of Alexis Zorbas), Christ Recrucified (1948), Captain Michalis (1950, translated Freedom and Death), and The Last Temptation of Christ (1955). He also wrote plays, travel books, memoirs and philosophical essays such as The Saviors of God: Spiritual Exercises. His fame spread in the English-speaking world due to cinematic adaptations of Zorba the Greek (1964) and The Last Temptation of Christ (1988).\nHe translated also a number of notable works into Modern Greek, such as the Divine Comedy, Thus Spoke Zarathustra and the Iliad.", "Q96105": "Hermann F\u00f6ttinger (9 February 1877 in Nuremberg \u2013 28 April 1945 in Berlin) was a German engineer and inventor. In the course of his life he submitted over 100 patent applications, but he is most notable for inventing fluid coupling.", "Q3017937": "David George Pendleton Taylor CBE (5 July 1933 \u2013 8 November 2007) was an English businessman and administrator who served as chief executive of the Falklands Islands and Governor of Montserrat.Taylor was schooled at Clifton College in Bristol where he served as head boy before winning a scholarship to study English at Clare College, Cambridge. He did his National Service in the Royal Navy after which he was posted to RAF China Bay at Trincomalee, in modern-day Sri Lanka, as a sub-lieutenant (special) in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserves.He joined the Colonial Service in 1958 and was stationed as a District Officer in Tanganyika, which was then part of the British Empire. When Tanganyika gained independence in 1964, Taylor went to British Guiana in South America where he worked for Booker as the head of one of the company's six divisions. In 1976, he went back to Africa where he became chief executive of Booker in Malawi and later Zambia.In 1983, Taylor went on secondment from Booker to become the first chief executive of the Falkland Islands, a post which had been created on the recommendation of the second report by Lord Shackleton. During his four years in office, Taylor was credited with helping the Falklands become self-sufficient following the Argentine occupation, as well as years of stagnation before then. Taylor left the islands in 1987, but returned the next year to act as interim chief executive for eight months.Taylor then briefly worked as director of a subsidiary agricultural consultancy at Booker-McConnell before being appointed Governor of Montserrat in 1990, helping to rebuild the Caribbean island after it had been hit by Hurricane Hugo a year earlier. Taylor retired in 1993 and was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In 1997, Taylor helped raise money for the reconstruction of Montserrat following the eruption of the Soufri\u00e8re Hills volcano which left most of the island uninhabitable.David Taylor died of a lung condition in 2007.", "Q89025": "J\u00f6rg Bewersdorff (born 1 February 1958 in Neuwied) is a German mathematician who is working as mathematics writer and game designer.", "Q121147": "Anton Cottier (born 4 December 1943 in Jaun, Switzerland) was a Swiss politician with the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland (CVP).\nAnton-Moritz Cottier was the son of Albert-Roman Cottier (born 29 December 1893 in Jaun and died 4 February 1977 in Fribourg) who was a lawyer, president of the Grand Council of Fribourg, and of Lina Vonlanthen (born 29 July 1903 in St-Anton and died 19 July 1991 in Fribourg). He married Danielle de Techtermann on 3 June 1977 in Fribourg and on 25 June 1977 in Barber\u00eache.\nCottier was born in Jaun, the only German community in Gruy\u00e8re. He grew up bilingual in German and French. After his legal studies at the University of Freiburg, Cottier practiced law from 1973 and joined the CVP the same year.\nHe served on the Great Council of the canton of Fribourg (1976-1987). From 1987 to 2003 he served in the Senate, where he held the presidency in 2002. From 1982 to 1991 Cottier was also on the government of the city of Freiburg as communal advisor with the Department of the Police. During the same time he was president of HC Fribourg (now HC Fribourg-Gott\u00e9ron SA) from 1977 to 1984, which he hire Canadian [Gaston Pelletier] to coach (1978-1982).\nElected to the Council of States in 1987, he presided in 2002 before retiring during the federal election in 2003. In the senate, Cottier worked with the Parliamentary Inverstigation Commission, which was concerned with files from the Department of Justice and Police. Cottier was also president of the Christian Democratic People's Party from 1993 to 1996.\nOn 3 November 2006 Cottier succumbed to cancer. He had three children.", "Q86316": "Ernst Kirchweger (January 12, 1898 \u2013 April 2, 1965 in Vienna) was the first person to die as a result of political conflict in Austria's Second Republic.\nFrom 1916 to 1918, Ernst Kirchweger participated in World War I as a sailor in the Austro-Hungarian Navy. Afterwards, he fought on the side of the Red Army. Until 1934, he was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria, but then he joined the Communists, which was outlawed at that time. During the reigns of the Fatherland Front and National Socialist German Workers Party, he risked his life as an activist in illegal trade unions. After Austria's liberation in 1945, having survived concentration camp, he continued to speak out against Fascism and National Socialism.\nOn March 31, 1965, a demonstration of students, former resistance fighters and unions against Taras Borodajkewycz, a university professor accused of having made anti-Semitic statements, took place in Vienna, while the student organisation of the Freedom Party of Austria organized a riot. There were skirmishes between the participants of the two demonstrations; during one in which Kichweger was attacked by G\u00fcnther K\u00fcmel and severely injured. He died three days later, aged 67, as a result of his injuries. K\u00fcmel was sentenced to ten months in prison.\n25,000 people attended Kirchweger's funeral. He was cremated at Feuerhalle Simmering; his ashes are now buried in Hietzing Cemetery in Vienna.\nIn 1990, the Wielandschule in Vienna-Favoriten, a building owned by the Communist Party, was seized by left-wing activists and named Ernst-Kirchweger-Haus. The building has been sold by the Communist Party since.", "Q467497": "Arne Garborg, born Aadne Eivindsson Garborg (25 January 1851, Time \u2013 14 January 1924) was a Norwegian writer.\nGarborg championed the use of Landsm\u00e5l (now known as Nynorsk, or New Norwegian), as a literary language; he translated the Odyssey into it. He founded the weekly Fedraheimen in 1877, in which he urged reforms in many spheres including political, social, religious, agrarian, and linguistic. He was married to Hulda Garborg.\nHe was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature six times.", "Q120259": "Niklaus Brantschen (born 25 October 1937 in Randa, Valais) is a Swiss Jesuit, Zen master of the White Plum Sangha line and founder of the Lassalle-Institute within the Lassalle-House in Bad Sch\u00f6nbrunn/Zug, Canton of Zug. He is co-initiator of the Jerusalem-Project.", "Q695875": "Riccardo Illy (born 24 September 1955) is an Italian businessman and former politician.", "Q90574": "Eugen Piwowarsky (November 10, 1891 \u2013 November 17, 1953) was a German metallurgist.\nPiwowarsky was born in Leschnitz (Polish: Le\u015bnica), Prussian Silesia, and educated at the Technische Hochschule Breslau. He taught at RWTH Aachen and died in Aachen.", "Q138416": "Carme Maria Chac\u00f3n Piqueras (Catalan pronunciation: [\u02c8ka\u027em\u0259 t\u0283\u0259\u02c8kom pi\u02c8ke\u027e\u0259s]; March 13, 1971 \u2013 April 9, 2017) was a Spanish lawyer, lecturer and politician who was Minister of Defence from 2008 to 2011 in the cabinet led by Spanish Prime Minister Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero.\nMember of Spanish Socialist Worker's Party (PSOE) since 1994, she was elected member of the Parliament of Catalonia and Vice President of the Spanish Congress of Deputies, the lower house in the Spanish Parliament. In 2007, she entered the cabinet led by Spanish Prime Minister Jos\u00e9 Lu\u00eds Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero as Minister of Housing. A year later, she became the first woman to take charge of the Spanish Ministry of Defense.\n\n", "Q109813": "Frank Baumbauer (born September 2, 1945 in Munich, Germany) is an award-winning German theater director and artistic director active in the German theater community. He is the son of German casting agent Erna Baumbauer. Baumbauer was from 2001 - 2009 the director of the Munich Kammerspiele.", "Q64393": "Reitnau is a municipality in the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipality of Attelwil merged into the municipality of Reitnau.", "Q171770": "Hermano Jo\u00e3o \"Nano\" da Silva Ramos (born 7 December 1925) is a former racing driver of dual French-Brazilian nationality. He had a French mother and a Brazilian father.", "Q222390": "David Garrick (19 February 1717 \u2013 20 January 1779) was an English actor, playwright, theatre manager and producer who influenced nearly all aspects of theatrical practice throughout the 18th century, and was a pupil and friend of Dr Samuel Johnson. He appeared in a number of amateur theatricals, and with his appearance in the title role of Shakespeare's Richard III, audiences and managers began to take notice.\nImpressed by his portrayals of Richard III and a number of other roles, Charles Fleetwood engaged Garrick for a season at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. He remained with the Drury Lane company for the next five years and purchased a share of the theatre with James Lacy. This purchase inaugurated 29 years of Garrick's management of the Drury Lane, during which time it rose to prominence as one of the leading theatres in Europe. At his death, three years after his retirement from Drury Lane and the stage, he was given a lavish public funeral at Westminster Abbey where he was laid to rest in Poets' Corner.\nAs an actor, Garrick promoted realistic acting that departed from the bombastic style that was entrenched when he first came to prominence. His acting delighted many audiences and his direction of many of the top actors of the English stage influenced their styles as well. During his tenure as manager of Drury Lane, Garrick also sought to reform audience behaviour. While this led to some discontent among the theatre-going public, many of his reforms eventually did take hold. Garrick also sought reform in production matters, bringing an overarching consistency to productions that included set design, costumes and even special effects.\nGarrick's influence extended into the literary side of theatre as well. Critics are almost unanimous in saying he was not a good playwright, but his work in bringing Shakespeare to contemporary audiences is notable. In addition, he adapted many older plays in the repertoire that might have been forgotten. These included many plays of the Restoration era. Indeed, while influencing the theatre towards a better standard he also gained a better reputation for theatre people. This accomplishment led Samuel Johnson to remark that \"his profession made him rich and he made his profession respectable.\"", "Q428380": "The English Marriage (German: Die Englische Heirat) is a 1934 German comedy film directed by Reinhold Sch\u00fcnzel and starring Renate M\u00fcller, Anton Walbrook and Adele Sandrock. A young German woman is engaged to marry a British aristocrat but has to win over his hostile family. It was based on a novel by Ludwig von Wohl.\nThe film's sets were designed by the art director Otto Hunte.", "Q1067471": "The University of Calgary (U of C or UCalgary) is a public research university located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The University of Calgary started in 1944 as the Calgary branch of the University of Alberta, founded in 1908, prior to being instituted into a separate, autonomous university in 1966. It is composed of 14 faculties and over 85 research institutes and centres. The main campus is located in the northwest quadrant of the city near the Bow River and a smaller south campus is located in the city center. The main campus houses most of the research facilities and works with provincial and federal research and regulatory agencies, several of which are housed next to the campus such as the Geological Survey of Canada. The main campus covers approximately 200 hectares (490 acres).\nA member of the U15, the University of Calgary is also one of Canada's top research universities (based on the number of Canada Research Chairs). The university has a sponsored research revenue of $380.4 million, with total revenues exceeding $1.2 billion. The university maintains close ties to the petroleum and geoscience industry through the Department of Geosciences and the Schulich School of Engineering. The university also maintains several other departments and faculties, including the Cumming School of Medicine, the Faculty of Arts, the School of Public Policy, the Faculty of Law, and the Haskayne School of Business.The University of Calgary's enrollment is approximately 25,000 undergraduate and 5,000 graduate students with over 170,000 alumni in 152 countries, including James Gosling, who invented the Java computer language, Garrett Camp, who co-founded Uber, former Prime Minister of Canada, Stephen Harper, former Canadian astronaut Robert Thirsk, and Lululemon Athletica founder, Chip Wilson.", "Q966300": "Alexander \"Skunder\" Boghossian (July 22, 1937 \u2013 May 4, 2003) was an Ethiopian-Armenian painter and art teacher. He spent much of his life living and working in the United States. He was one of the first, and by far the most acclaimed, contemporary Black artists from the African continent to gain international attention.\n\n", "Q127536": "Ape (stylised as A*P*E and released in South Korea as \ud0b9\ucf69\uc758 \ub300\uc5ed\uc2b5 - King Kong eui daeyeokseup (King Kong's Great Counterattack), is a 1976 monster movie. It was a South Korean-American co-production produced by Kukje Movies and the Lee Ming Film Co. (South Korea) and Worldwide Entertainment (United States) with 3-D effects. Directed by Paul Leder and featuring special effects by Park Kwang Nam, the film stars Joanna Kerns, Rod Arrants and Alex Nicol. It was released at approximately the same time as Dino De Laurentiis' 1976 remake of King Kong. The film is generally regarded by some critics as a campy Z movie. In latter years the film has gone under the titles of Attack of the Giant Horny Gorilla (for its 1982 grindhouse re-release), and Hideous Mutant (for its original home video release). It marked an early film appearance by Kerns, who later moved to TV movies and shows.", "Q29293": "ESCP Business School is a European school of management with campuses in Paris, Berlin, London, Madrid, Turin, and Warsaw. In France, ESCP is one of the most selective French Grandes \u00e9coles and referred to in France as one of the \"trois Parisiennes\" (three Parisians), together with HEC Paris and ESSEC Business School. Established in 1819, it is considered as the world's oldest business school.Owned by the Paris Chamber of Commerce, ESCP is renowned for its Masters in Management and in Finance, highly ranked by the Financial Times .", "Q77489": "Curt Siodmak (August 10, 1902 \u2013 September 2, 2000) was a German-American novelist and screenwriter. He is known for his work in the horror and science fiction film genres, with such films as The Wolf Man and Donovan's Brain (the latter adapted from his novel of the same name). He was the younger brother of noir director Robert Siodmak.", "Q165705": "Caleb Walton West (May 25, 1844 \u2013 January 25, 1909) was an American politician and Governor of Utah Territory twice, 1886\u20131888 and 1893\u20131896.\nBorn in Cynthiana, Kentucky in Harrison County, Kentucky, he was a Confederate veteran and a municipal judge in Kentucky. He was the last Governor of Utah before statehood.", "Q132885": "Olympique de Marseille (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0254l\u025b\u0303pik d\u0259 ma\u0281s\u025bj], locally [\u0254l\u025b\u0303\u02c8pik\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0251\u03c7\u02c8s\u025bj\u0259]; Occitan: Olimpic de Marselha, pronounced [u\u02c8limpik de ma\u0280\u02c8sej\u0254]), also known as OM (IPA: [o.\u025bm], locally [o\u02c8\u025bm\u0259]) or simply Marseille, is a French professional football club based in Marseille in Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur, Founded in 1899, the club plays in Ligue 1 and have spent most of their history in the top tier of French football. The club has won ten official league titles (nine times in Ligue 1), ten Coupes de France and three Coupes de la Ligue. In 1993, coach Raymond Goethals led the team to become the first and only French club to win the UEFA Champions League, defeating AC Milan 1\u20130 in the final. In 2010, Marseille won its first Ligue 1 title in 18 years under the managing of former club captain Didier Deschamps.Marseille's home ground is the 67,000-capacity Stade V\u00e9lodrome in the southern part of the city, where they have played since 1937. The club has a large fan-base, having regularly averaged the highest attendance in French football. Marseille's average home gate for the 2008\u201309 season was 52,276, the highest in Ligue 1. The stadium underwent renovation in 2011, going from its previous capacity of 60,031 to 42,000. Following completion in August 2014, the final capacity increased to 67,000 ahead of France's hosting of UEFA Euro 2016. In 2015, the club was ranked 23rd globally in terms of annual revenue, generating \u20ac130.5 million.In 1997, Marseille was purchased by Franco-Swiss businessman Robert Louis-Dreyfus. Following his death in 2009, his widow Margarita became the club's majority shareholder in 2010. In 2016, American businessman Frank McCourt bought the club from her, and appointed businessman Jacques-Henri Eyraud as the club president, with Rudi Garcia appointed as the coach of the club's first team.", "Q2349502": "Mineola is a village in and the county seat of Nassau County, Long Island, New York, United States. The population was 18,799 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from an Algonquin word meaning a \"pleasant village\".Most of the Incorporated Village of Mineola is in the Town of North Hempstead, with a small portion of its southern edge within the Town of Hempstead. Old Country Road runs along the village's southern border. The area serviced by the Mineola Post Office extends farther south into the adjacent village of Garden City, New York, where the county seat of Nassau County is located. Offices of many Nassau County agencies are in both Mineola and Garden City.", "Q267814": "Marsha Hunt (born Marcia Virginia Hunt; October 17, 1917) is an American retired actress, model, and activist, with a career spanning over 70 years. She was blacklisted by Hollywood film studio executives in the 1950s during McCarthyism.During her career spanning 73 years, she appeared in many popular films including: Born to the West (1937), Pride and Prejudice (1940), Kid Glove Killer (1942), Cry 'Havoc' (1943), The Human Comedy (1943), Raw Deal (1948), The Happy Time (1952), and Johnny Got His Gun (1971).\nIn the midst of the blacklist era, Hunt became active in the humanitarian cause of world hunger, and in her later years she has aided homeless shelters, supported same-sex marriage, raised awareness of climate change and promoted peace in Third World countries.", "Q2643": "George Harrison (25 February 1943 \u2013 29 November 2001) was an English musician, singer-songwriter, and music and film producer who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles. Sometimes called \"the quiet Beatle\", Harrison embraced Indian culture and helped broaden the scope of popular music through his incorporation of Indian instrumentation and Hindu-aligned spirituality in the Beatles' work. Although the majority of the band's songs were written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, most Beatles albums from 1965 onwards contained at least two Harrison compositions. His songs for the group included \"Taxman\", \"Within You Without You\", \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\", \"Here Comes the Sun\" and \"Something\".\nHarrison's earliest musical influences included George Formby and Django Reinhardt; Carl Perkins, Chet Atkins and Chuck Berry were subsequent influences. By 1965, he had begun to lead the Beatles into folk rock through his interest in Bob Dylan and the Byrds, and towards Indian classical music through his use of the sitar on \"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)\". Having initiated the band's embracing of Transcendental Meditation in 1967, he subsequently developed an association with the Hare Krishna movement. After the band's break-up in 1970, Harrison released the triple album All Things Must Pass, a critically acclaimed work that produced his most successful hit single, \"My Sweet Lord\", and introduced his signature sound as a solo artist, the slide guitar. He also organised the 1971 Concert for Bangladesh with Indian musician Ravi Shankar, a precursor to later benefit concerts such as Live Aid. In his role as a music and film producer, Harrison produced acts signed to the Beatles' Apple record label before founding Dark Horse Records in 1974 and co-founding HandMade Films in 1978.\nHarrison released several best-selling singles and albums as a solo performer. In 1988, he co-founded the platinum-selling supergroup the Traveling Wilburys. A prolific recording artist, he was featured as a guest guitarist on tracks by Badfinger, Ronnie Wood and Billy Preston, and collaborated on songs and music with Dylan, Eric Clapton, Ringo Starr and Tom Petty, among others. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 11 in their list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\". He is a two-time Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee \u2013 as a member of the Beatles in 1988, and posthumously for his solo career in 2004.Harrison's first marriage, to model Pattie Boyd in 1966, ended in divorce in 1977. The following year he married Olivia Arias, with whom he had a son, Dhani. Harrison died from lung cancer in 2001 at the age of 58, two years after surviving a knife attack by an intruder at his Friar Park home. His remains were cremated and the ashes were scattered according to Hindu tradition in a private ceremony in the Ganges and Yamuna rivers in India. He left an estate of almost \u00a3100 million.", "Q882": "Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (16 April 1889 \u2013 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, \"The Tramp\", and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of the film industry. His career spanned more than 75 years, from childhood in the Victorian era until a year before his death in 1977, and encompassed both adulation and controversy.\nChaplin's childhood in London was one of poverty and hardship, as his father was absent and his mother struggled financially, and he was sent to a workhouse twice before the age of nine. When he was 14, his mother was committed to a mental asylum. Chaplin began performing at an early age, touring music halls and later working as a stage actor and comedian. At 19, he was signed to the prestigious Fred Karno company, which took him to America. He was scouted for the film industry and began appearing in 1914 for Keystone Studios. He soon developed the Tramp persona and formed a large fan base. He directed his own films and continued to hone his craft as he moved to the Essanay, Mutual, and First National corporations. By 1918, he was one of the best-known figures in the world.\nIn 1919, Chaplin co-founded the distribution company United Artists, which gave him complete control over his films. His first feature-length film was The Kid (1921), followed by A Woman of Paris (1923), The Gold Rush (1925), and The Circus (1928). He initially refused to move to sound films in the 1930s, instead producing City Lights (1931) and Modern Times (1936) without dialogue. He became increasingly political, and his first sound film was The Great Dictator (1940), which satirised Adolf Hitler. The 1940s were a decade marked with controversy for Chaplin, and his popularity declined rapidly. He was accused of communist sympathies, and some members of the press and public found his involvement in a paternity suit, and marriages to much younger women, scandalous. An FBI investigation was opened, and Chaplin was forced to leave the United States and settle in Switzerland. He abandoned the Tramp in his later films, which include Monsieur Verdoux (1947), Limelight (1952), A King in New York (1957), and A Countess from Hong Kong (1967).\nChaplin wrote, directed, produced, edited, starred in, and composed the music for most of his films. He was a perfectionist, and his financial independence enabled him to spend years on the development and production of a picture. His films are characterised by slapstick combined with pathos, typified in the Tramp's struggles against adversity. Many contain social and political themes, as well as autobiographical elements. He received an Honorary Academy Award for \"the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century\" in 1972, as part of a renewed appreciation for his work. He continues to be held in high regard, with The Gold Rush, City Lights, Modern Times, and The Great Dictator often ranked on lists of the greatest films of all time.", "Q955912": "Tom Bissell (born January 9, 1974) is an American journalist, critic, and fiction writer.", "Q2333286": "Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University is a university in Chelyabinsk, Russia. The second oldest university in the region, it was established in 1934.", "Q118936": "Rafael Alberti Merello (16 December 1902 \u2013 28 October 1999) was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27. He is considered one of the greatest literary figures of the so-called Silver Age of Spanish Literature, and he won numerous prizes and awards. He died aged 96.\nAfter the Spanish Civil War, he went into exile because of his Marxist beliefs. On his return to Spain after the death of Franco, he was named Hijo Predilecto de Andaluc\u00eda in 1983 and Doctor Honoris Causa by the Universidad de C\u00e1diz in 1985.He published his memoirs under the title of La Arboleda perdida (\u2018The Lost Grove\u2019) in 1959 and this remains the best source of information on his early life.\n\n", "Q129533": "Idea Vilari\u00f1o Romani (Montevideo, 18 August 1920 \u2013 28 April 2009) was a Uruguayan poet, essayist and literary critic.\nShe belonged to the group of intellectuals known as \"Generaci\u00f3n del 45.\" In this generation, there are several writers such as Juan Carlos Onetti, Mario Benedetti, Sarandy Cabrera, Carlos Mart\u00ednez Moreno, \u00c1ngel Rama, Carlos Real de Az\u00faa, Carlos Maggi, Alfredo Gravina, Mario Arregui, Amanda Berenguer, Humberto Megget, Emir Rodr\u00edguez Monegal, Gladys Castelvecchi and Jos\u00e9 Pedro D\u00edaz among others.\nShe also worked as a translator, composer and lecturer.", "Q13133": "Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (n\u00e9e Robinson; born January 17, 1964) is an American lawyer and author who was the first lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017. She is married to the 44th President of the United States Barack Obama. She is the first African American First Lady of the United States.\nRaised on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, Obama is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School. In her early legal career, she worked at the law firm Sidley Austin where she met Barack Obama. She subsequently worked in non-profits and as the associate dean of Student Services at the University of Chicago as well as the vice president for Community and External Affairs of the University of Chicago Medical Center. Michelle married Barack in 1992, and they have two daughters.\nObama campaigned for her husband's presidential bid throughout 2007 and 2008, delivering a keynote address at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. She returned to speak for him at the 2012 Democratic National Convention. During the 2016 Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia, she delivered a speech in support of the Democratic presidential nominee, Hillary Clinton, a former first lady.\nAs first lady, Obama served as a role model for women and worked as an advocate for poverty awareness, education, nutrition, physical activity, and healthy eating. She supported American designers and was considered a fashion icon.", "Q600488": "\"Pilot\" is the pilot episode of the American television series Glee, which premiered on the Fox network on May 19, 2009. An extended director's cut version aired on September 2, 2009. The show focuses on a high school show choir, also known as a glee club, set within the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima, Ohio. The pilot episode covers the formation of the club and introduces the main characters. The episode was directed by series creator Ryan Murphy, and written by Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan. Murphy selected the music featured in the episode, with the intention of maintaining a balance between showtunes and chart hits.\nThe episode achieved 9.619 million viewers on first broadcast, and 4.2 million when the director's cut version aired. Critical response was mixed, with The New York Times's Alessandra Stanley highlighting the episode's unoriginality and stereotyped characters, but praising the showmanship and talent of the cast. The Daily News's David Hinckley opined that the show was imperfect and implausible but \"potentially heartwarming\", while USA Today's Robert Bianco noted casting and tone problems, but commented positively on the show's humor and musical performances. Mary McNamara for the Los Angeles Times wrote that the show had a wide audience appeal, calling it: \"the first show in a long time that's just plain full-throttle, no-guilty-pleasure-rationalizations-necessary fun.\"", "Q1758380": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces tenebrarius that is used to treat various types of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative infections. It is especially effective against species of Pseudomonas.It was patented in 1965 and approved for medical use in 1974.", "Q1362": "Islamabad (; Urdu: \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u200e, Isl\u0101m\u0101b\u0101d) is the capital city of Pakistan, and is federally administered as part of the Islamabad Capital Territory. Islamabad is the ninth largest city in Pakistan, while the larger Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the country's fourth largest with a population of about 7.4 million.Built as a planned city in the 1960s to replace Karachi as Pakistan's capital, Islamabad is noted for its high standards of living, safety, and abundant greenery. The city is the political seat of Pakistan and local government setup is run by the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation, supported by the Capital Development Authority (CDA).\nIslamabad is located in the Pothohar Plateau in the northeastern part of the country, between Rawalpindi District and the Margalla Hills National Park to the north. The region has historically been a part of the crossroads of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the Margalla Pass acting as the gateway between the two regions.The city's master-plan, designed by Greek architect Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis, divides the city into eight zones, including administrative, diplomatic enclave, residential areas, educational sectors, industrial sectors, commercial areas, and rural and green areas. The city is known for the presence of several parks and forests, including the Margalla Hills National Park and Shakarparian Park. The city is home to several landmarks, including the Faisal Mosque, the largest mosque in South Asia and the fourth largest in the world. Other landmarks include the Pakistan's National Monument and Democracy Square.Islamabad is a gamma-global city; it is categorised as Medium on the Human Development Index, with an HDI of 0.678, the highest in the country. The city has the highest cost of living in Pakistan, and its population is dominated by middle and upper middle class citizens. Being an expensive city, the prices of most of fruits, vegetable and poultry items increased in Islamabad during the year 2015-2020The city is home to twenty universities, including the Bahria University, Quaid-e-Azam University, PIEAS, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology and NUST. The city is one of the safest in Pakistan, and has an expansive surveillance system with 1,900 CCTV cameras.\n\n", "Q107816": "Michael Fuchs is a German politician who served in the Bundestag from 2002 to 2017. He was elected European deputy chairman of the Trilateral Commission in 2010.", "Q91642": "Wolfgang Siegfried Haack (April 24, 1902 \u2013 November 28, 1994) was a German mathematician and aerodynamicist. He in 1941 and William Sears in 1947 independently discovered the Sears\u2013Haack body.\n\n", "Q87020": "Kamil Krofta (17 July 1876 \u2013 16 August 1945) was a Czech historian and diplomat.", "Q171758": "Matthew Langford Perry (born August 19, 1969) is an American-Canadian actor, comedian, executive producer, screenwriter, and playwright who gained worldwide recognition for his role as Chandler Bing on the NBC television sitcom Friends, which ran from 1994 to 2004. Due to the vast popularity of the sitcom, Perry and the rest of the six-member main cast ensemble were each making $1 million per episode by 2002.\nAlong with starring in the short-lived television series Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip, Perry has appeared in a number of films, including Fools Rush In (1997), The Whole Nine Yards (2000), and 17 Again (2009). In 2010, he expanded his resume to include both video games and voice-over work when he voiced Benny in the video game Fallout: New Vegas.Perry was the co-creator, co-writer, executive producer, and star of the ABC sitcom Mr. Sunshine, which ran from February to April 2011. In August 2012, Perry began starring as Ryan King, a sportscaster, on the NBC sitcom Go On. The series was canceled on May 10, 2013. Perry co-developed and starred in the CBS sitcom The Odd Couple portraying Oscar Madison from 2015 to 2017.\n\n", "Q880861": "Blackheath is a district of south-east London, England, straddling the Royal Borough of Greenwich and the London Borough of Lewisham. It has borders with parts of London hubs Lewisham and Greenwich and other borders with Lee, Kidbrooke and a small part of Deptford.\nThe area south-west of its station and in its ward is named Lee Park. Its northern neighbourhood of Vanbrugh Park is also known as St John's Blackheath and despite forming a projection has amenities beyond its traditional reach named after the heath. To its west is the core public green area that is the heath and Greenwich Park, in which sit major London tourist attractions including the Greenwich Observatory and Greenwich Prime Meridian. Blackheath railway station is south of the heath.", "Q15542": "Jefferson Leonardo P\u00e9rez Quezada (born July 1, 1974 in Cuenca) is a retired Ecuadorian race walker. He specialized in the 20 km event, in which he has won the only two medals his country has ever achieved in the Olympic Games.\nHe won the gold medal at the 1996 Olympics, becoming the youngest-ever gold medal winner in the 20 km walk event. Following his win he embarked on a 459 km pilgrimage, walking, jogging and running from Quito's Franciscan cathedral to his hometown of Cuenca. In the 2008 Olympics he won the silver medal in the same competition at 34 years of age, before announcing his retirement from the sport.In the 2003 World Championships in Paris, France, P\u00e9rez also set the world best performance (as there are no world records in race walking) with 1:17:21 in the 20 km.\nP\u00e9rez had fourth-place finishes in the 20 km walk at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia and the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.\n\n", "Q297265": "Richard Mark Hammond (born 19 December 1969) is an English television presenter, writer, and journalist. He is best known for co-hosting the BBC Two car programme Top Gear from 2002 until 2015 with Jeremy Clarkson and James May. In 2016, Hammond began presenting The Grand Tour television series, produced by W. Chump & Sons. The show is co-presented with his former Top Gear co-hosts, Clarkson and May, as an exclusive distributed via Amazon Video to Amazon Prime customers. \nIn November 2016, Hammond, alongside the co-presenters of The Grand Tour, Jeremy Clarkson and James May, launched the automotive social media website DriveTribe, where he regularly provides content on his tribe \"Hammond's Fob Jockeys\". He has also presented Brainiac: Science Abuse (2003\u20132008), Total Wipeout (2009\u20132012) and Planet Earth Live (2012).", "Q961447": "Kurtis Walker (born August 9, 1959), professionally known by his stage name Kurtis Blow, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record/film producer, b-boy, DJ, public speaker and minister. He is the first commercially successful rapper and the first to sign with a major record label. \"The Breaks\", a single from his 1980 self-titled debut album, is the first certified gold record rap song for Hip Hop. Throughout his career he has released 15 albums and is currently an ordained minister.", "Q205707": "Bradley Charles Cooper (born January 5, 1975) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has been nominated for many awards, including eight Academy Awards and a Tony Award, and has won two Grammy Awards and a BAFTA Award. Cooper appeared in Forbes Celebrity 100 on three occasions and Time's list of 100 most influential people in the world in 2015. His films have grossed $11 billion worldwide and he was named one of the world's highest-paid actors for four years.\nCooper enrolled in the MFA program at the Actors Studio in 2000 after beginning his career in 1999 with a guest role in the television series Sex and the City. He made his film debut in the comedy Wet Hot American Summer (2001). He first gained recognition as Will Tippin in the spy-action television show Alias (2001\u20132006), and achieved minor success with a supporting part in the comedy film Wedding Crashers (2005). His breakthrough role came in 2009 with The Hangover, a critically and commercially successful comedy, which spawned two sequels in 2011 and 2013. Cooper's portrayal of a struggling writer in the thriller Limitless (2011) and a rookie police officer in the crime drama The Place Beyond the Pines (2012) drew praise from critics.\nCooper found greater success with the romantic comedy Silver Linings Playbook (2012), the black comedy American Hustle (2013), and the war biopic American Sniper (2014), which he also produced. For his work in these films, he was nominated for four Academy Awards, becoming the tenth actor to receive an Oscar nomination in three consecutive years. In 2014, he portrayed Joseph Merrick in a Broadway revival of The Elephant Man, garnering a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play, and began voicing Rocket Raccoon in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. In 2018, Cooper produced, wrote, directed and starred in a remake of the musical romance A Star Is Born. He earned three Oscar nominations for the film, as well as a BAFTA Award and two Grammys for his contributions to its U.S. Billboard 200 number one soundtrack and its chart-topping lead single \"Shallow\". He gained another Academy Award nomination for producing Joker (2019).\nCooper was married to actress Jennifer Esposito from 2006 to 2007. He was also in a relationship with Russian model Irina Shayk from 2015 to 2019, with whom he has a daughter. He supports several organizations that help people fight cancer.", "Q4968912": "Bristol Grammar School (BGS) is a 4\u201318 mixed, independent day school in Bristol, England. It was founded in 1532 by Royal Charter for the teaching of 'good manners and literature', endowed by wealthy Bristol merchants Robert and Nicholas Thorne to educate the sons of the city's merchants and tradesmen. The school flourished in the early 20th century under headmaster Sir Cyril Norwood (1906\u20131916), embodying \"the ideals and experiences of a leading public school\". Norwood went on to serve as the master at Marlborough College and Harrow.\nBristol Grammar's headmaster, Jaideep Barot MA MSc, is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC) and joined the school from Marlborough College in September 2018. The school was first cited in the Public Schools Year Book in 1907, and former headmaster John Mackay (1960\u20131975) served as the chairman of the HMC in 1970. Founded as an all-boys school, Bristol Grammar is now fully co-educational having first admitted girls in 1980. The school counts among its alumni prominent personalities including Nobel laureate Sir John Pople, former British ambassador to the US Lord Oliver Franks, and founder of Penguin Books Sir Allen Lane. It has educated members of both houses of the UK Parliament and has a strong legal tradition, having educated two present Lord Justices of Appeal (Sirs Rabinder Singh and Timothy Holroyde).\nThe school is divided into three sections: the Infants and Juniors (ages 4\u201311), the Senior School (ages 11\u201316) and Sixth Form (ages 16\u201318). The Infants and Juniors School was ranked in 2016 by The Good Schools Guide as one of the best value prep schools in the UK. The Senior School and Sixth Form rank academically amongst the best performing independent schools in South West England.", "Q5004353": "Byron Kay Foulger (August 27, 1899\u2013April 4, 1970) was an American film character actor.", "Q3133103": "Sir Henry Worth Thornton, KBE (November 6, 1871 \u2013 March 14, 1933) was a businessman and president of Canadian National Railways. His parents were Henry Clay Thornton and Millamenta Comegys Worth. Henry W. Thornton married Virginia D. Blair, from a prominent Pittsburgh family, on June 20, 1901; They had two children: James Worth Thornton and Anna Blair Thornton (Harrison). In 1926 Sir Henry divorced his wife. He remarried shortly thereafter to Martha Watriss, daughter of prominent attorney and Nassau County Commissioner Frederick N. Watriss.Thornton was General Superintendent of the Long Island Rail Road from 1911 to 1914 and General Manager of the Great Eastern Railway in England from 1914 to 1922. From 1922 to 1932, he was the President of the Canadian National Railways.\nThornton played college football at the University of Pennsylvania and served as the head coach of the football team at Vanderbilt University for one season in 1894.", "Q97233": "Susan Stahnke (born 7 September 1967) is a German TV presenter. She was born in Hamelin.", "Q253541": "Ioan Mang (Romanian pronunciation: [i\u02c8o\u032fan ma\u014b\u0261]; born July 15, 1958) is a Romanian politician and member of the Social Democratic Party. Mang served as the Education Minister in Victor Ponta's cabinet for eight days, and as a professor of Computer Science at the University of Oradea.", "Q677600": "Pete Namlook (born 25 November 1960 as Peter Kuhlmann [\u02c8ku\u02d0lma\u02d0n] in Frankfurt, Germany, died on 8 November 2012) was an ambient and electronic-music producer and composer. In 1992, he founded the German record label FAX +49-69/450464, which he oversaw. Inspired by the music of Eberhard Weber, Miles Davis, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Chopin, Wendy Carlos, Tangerine Dream and Pink Floyd, and most important Klaus Schulze; He composed and produced his albums while many in collaboration with others. \nAs of August 2005, Namlook and company had released 135 albums (excluding re-releases, vinyl singles, compilations of existing material, and FAX releases beginning with PS, in which he personally is not involved in the music making).\nPete Namlook released many solo albums, as well as collaboration albums with notable artists such as Klaus Schulze, Bill Laswell, Geir Jenssen (alias Biosphere), Gaudi, Atom Heart, Richie Hawtin, Tetsu Inoue, Atom\u2122, and Tying Tiffany.\n\"Namlook\" is \"Koolman\", a phonetic rendering of his real name, spelled backwards.\nKuhlmann died on 8 November 2012 after suffering a heart attack.", "Q549030": "Ints D\u0101lderis (born 10 February 1971, J\u016brmala, Latvian SSR) is a Latvian clarinetist and politician of initially the People's Party, then New Era Party, then Unity and finally Movement For!. He was Minister of Culture of Latvia from March 12, 2009 to November 3, 2010.\n\n", "Q716598": "William Lewis Sublette, also spelled Sublett (September 21, 1798 - July 23, 1845), was an American frontiersman, trapper, fur trader, explorer, and mountain man. With his four brothers, after 1823 he became an agent of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company. Later he became one of the company's co-owners, exploiting the riches of the Oregon Country. He helped settle and improve the best routes for migrants along the Oregon Trail.", "Q152181": "Max et les ferrailleurs (US: Max and the Junkmen) is a 1971 Franco\u2013Italian crime drama film directed by Claude Sautet. The film is based on the novel of the same name by Claude N\u00e9ron.", "Q123778": "Carl Roman Abt (16 July 1850 \u2013 1 May 1933) was a Swiss mechanical engineer, inventor and entrepreneur. He made groundbreaking innovations in rack-and-pinion railways, giving his name to one of the most widely used systems developed for mountain railways, the Abt rack system.", "Q672": "Tuvalu ( too-VAH-loo) (formerly known as the Ellice Islands), is a country in Polynesia, located in the Pacific Ocean, situated in Oceania and about midway between Hawaii and Australia. The island country lies east-northeast of the Santa Cruz Islands (which belong to the Solomon Islands), southeast of Nauru, south of Kiribati, west of Tokelau, northwest of Samoa and Wallis and Futuna, and north of Fiji. It is composed of three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5\u00b0 to 10\u00b0 south and longitude of 176\u00b0 to 180\u00b0, west of the International Date Line. Tuvalu has a population of 11,192 (2017 census). The total land area of the islands of Tuvalu is 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi).\nThe first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesians. The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about three thousand years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the islands as Polynesian navigation skills are recognised to have allowed deliberate journeys on double-hull sailing canoes or outrigger canoes. The pattern of settlement that is believed to have occurred is that the Polynesians spread out from Samoa and Tonga into the Tuvaluan atolls, with Tuvalu providing a stepping stone to further migration into the Polynesian outliers in Melanesia and Micronesia.In 1568, Spanish navigator \u00c1lvaro de Menda\u00f1a was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. The island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island in 1819; the name Ellice was applied to all of the nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay. The Ellice Islands came into Great Britain's sphere of influence in the late 19th century, as the result of a treaty between Great Britain and Germany relating to the demarcation of the spheres of influence in the Pacific Ocean. Each of the Ellice Islands was declared a British Protectorate by Captain Gibson of HMS Curacoa between 9 and 16 October 1892. The Ellice Islands were administered as a British protectorate by a Resident Commissioner from 1892 to 1916, as part of the British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT), and then as part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony from 1916 to 1976.\nA referendum was held in December 1974 to determine whether the Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands should each have their own administration. As a consequence of the referendum, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony ceased to exist on 1 January 1976, and the separate British colonies of Kiribati and Tuvalu came into existence. Tuvalu became fully independent as a sovereign state within the Commonwealth on 1 October 1978. On 5 September 2000, Tuvalu became the 189th member of the United Nations.", "Q452404": "Thomas Eugene Robbins (born July 22, 1932) is an American novelist. His best-selling novels are \"seriocomedies\" (also known as \"comedy-drama\"). His novel Even Cowgirls Get the Blues was made into a movie in 1993 by Gus Van Sant and stars Uma Thurman, Lorraine Bracco, and Keanu Reeves.", "Q315266": "Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432; 25 November [O.S. 13 November] 1810 \u2014 5 December [O.S. 23 November] 1881) was a prominent Russian scientist, medical doctor, pedagogue, public figure, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1847), one of the most widely recognized Russian physicians. Considered to be the founder of field surgery, he was the first surgeon to use anaesthesia in a field operation (1847) and one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaesthetic. He is credited with invention of various kinds of surgical operations and developing his own technique of using plaster casts to treat fractured bones.\n\n", "Q18066": "Eduard Nikolayevich Uspensky (Russian: \u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 22 December 1937 \u2013 14 August 2018) was a Russian children's writer and poet, author of over 70 books, as well as a playwright, screenwriter and TV presenter. His works have been translated into 25 languages and spawned around 60 cartoon adaptations. Among the characters he created are Cheburashka and Crocodile Gena, Uncle Fyodor and Kolobki brothers. He was awarded IV Class Order \"For Merit to the Fatherland\" in 1997.\n\n", "Q217303": "Trapped is a 2002 thriller film directed by Luis Mandoki and starring Charlize Theron, Courtney Love, Stuart Townsend, Kevin Bacon, Dakota Fanning and Pruitt Taylor Vince. Based on Greg Iles' bestselling novel 24 Hours, it follows a wealthy Portland, Oregon couple whose daughter is kidnapped by a mysterious man and his wife who demand a ransom for unclear reasons. \nFilmed in British Columbia in the spring of 2001, Trapped was released theatrically by Columbia Pictures on September 20, 2002. It received largely unfavorable reviews from critics, and was a box-office bomb, earning $13.4 million against its $30 million budget.", "Q454075": "Magne Furuholmen (born 1 November 1962) is a Norwegian musician and visual artist. He was named Knight First Class of the Order of St. Olav by King Harald for his services to Norwegian music and his international success. Furuholmen, better known to music fans by his stage name Mags, is the keyboardist of the synthpop/rock band A-ha, and co-wrote hits such as \"Take On Me\", \"Stay on These Roads\", \"Manhattan Skyline\", \"Cry Wolf\", \"Forever Not Yours\", \"Analogue (All I Want)\", \"Minor Earth Major Sky\", \"Touchy!\", \"You Are the One\", \"Move To Memphis\" and \"Foot of the Mountain\". The band A-ha has sold more than 50 million albums worldwide.Furuholmen is also a visual artist with solo exhibitions held in Norway, the UK, and elsewhere in Europe. His work is represented in private and public institutions and museums worldwide, among them The Norwegian State Archives, Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale de France, and others. \nIn 2016 Magne Furuholmen undertook his biggest commission to date and created the largest ceramic sculpture park in Scandinavia titled \"Imprints\", which is located in Fornebu outside Oslo. In 2017 the University of Agder in Norway nominated five new honorary doctors in connection with the university's 10th anniversary. The degree was awarded for significant scientific or artistic efforts. Magne Furuholmen was one of the recipients.", "Q4721923": "Alfred \"Alfie\" Hale (born 28 August 1939 in Waterford, Republic of Ireland) is a former Irish footballer and manager who played for several clubs in both the League of Ireland and the English League, most notably, Waterford United, Aston Villa, Doncaster Rovers and Cork Celtic. During his career Hale scored 153 goals in the League of Ireland and a further 66 with English League clubs. As an international, Hale also played for the Republic of Ireland.\nAfter retiring as a player Hale managed several teams in the League of Ireland, most notably, Cork Celtic, Waterford United and Kilkenny City. In June 2003, Hale and such other notable Waterford footballers as Davy Walsh, Paddy Coad, Peter Thomas, Jim Beglin and John O'Shea were honoured by the Waterford City Council and presented with a Waterford Crystal vase.", "Q5104": "Miranda Taylor Cosgrove (born May 14, 1993) is an American actress and singer. Her career began at the age of seven with several television commercial appearances. Cosgrove's film debut came in 2003, when she appeared as Summer Hathaway in School of Rock. She appeared in a number of minor television roles over several years before coming to prominence as Megan Parker on the Nickelodeon television series Drake & Josh. In 2007, she landed the role of Carly Shay, the lead character on the Nickelodeon teen sitcom iCarly, on which she starred until 2012. As of May 2010, Cosgrove earned $180,000 per episode of iCarly, making her the second-highest-paid child star on television, and in 2012 was listed in the Guinness World Records as the highest paid child actress. Cosgrove also voiced Margo in the animated film Despicable Me (2010) and its sequels. In 2016, she starred as Shea Moore on the short-lived NBC sitcom Crowded.In music, Cosgrove debuted with iCarly (2008), a soundtrack album for the series in which she performs four songs. In 2009, she released her debut extended play, About You Now. Cosgrove's debut studio album, Sparks Fly, was released in April 2010, followed by her second extended play, High Maintenance, the following year. The EP's lead single, \"Dancing Crazy\", written by Avril Lavigne, debuted at number 40 on the US Billboard Adult Top 40 and peaked at number 100 on the Billboard Hot 100.", "Q95424": "Wilhelm Paul Albert Klingenberg (28 January 1924 \u2013 14 October 2010) was a German mathematician who worked on differential geometry and in particular on closed geodesics.", "Q95342": "Friedrich Ludwig von Ronne (27 November 1798 \u2013 7 April 1865) was a Prussian jurist, politician, diplomat and German Ambassador to the United States.", "Q207676": "Frank Miller (born January 27, 1957) is an American comic book writer, penciller and inker, novelist, screenwriter, film director, and producer best known for his comic book stories and graphic novels such as Ronin, Daredevil: Born Again, The Dark Knight Returns, Batman: Year One, Sin City, and 300.\nHe also directed the film version of The Spirit, shared directing duties with Robert Rodriguez on Sin City and Sin City: A Dame to Kill For, and produced the film 300. His film Sin City earned a Palme d'Or nomination, and he has received every major comic book industry award. In 2015, Miller was inducted into the Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame.\nHe created the comic book characters Elektra for Marvel Comics' Daredevil series and a female version of the Robin character, Carrie Kelley, for DC Comics.\nMiller is noted for combining film noir and manga influences in his comic art creations. \"I realized when I started Sin City that I found American and English comics be too wordy, too constipated, and Japanese comics to be too empty. So I was attempting to do a hybrid\".\n\n", "Q208545": "The Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbo-Croatian: Socijalisti\u010dka Republika Bosna i Hercegovina / \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430 P\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430), commonly referred to as Socialist Bosnia or simply Bosnia, was one of the six constituent federal states forming the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was a predecessor of the modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, existing between 1945 and 1992. It was subsequently given the higher status of a Socialist Republic, under strict terms of consociationalism known as \"ethnic key\" (Bosnian: nacionalni klju\u010d), based on the balance in the political representation of ethnic groups (Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks). The capital city was Sarajevo, which remained the capital following independence. The Socialist Republic was dissolved in 1990 when it abandoned its socialist institutions and adopted liberal ones, as the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina which declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1992. The Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina was, up to 20 December 1990, in the hands of the League of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina.\nThe borders of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina were almost identical to the ones Bosnia had during the period of Austro-Hungarian rule that lasted until 1918. That year Bosnia became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and during that period the territory was divided among banovinas. When SR Bosnia and Herzegovina was formed, it included what were the territories of most of Vrbas Banovina, the western part of Drina Banovina, the northwestern part of Zeta Banovina, and the eastern parts of Banovina of Croatia.", "Q85151": "Soma Morgenstern (May 3, 1890 \u2013 April 17, 1976) was a Jewish-Austrian writer and journalist.", "Q173629": "Nikolas Tombazis (Greek: \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a4\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2; born 22 April 1968 in Athens, Greece) is a racing car designer who has worked in Formula One since 1992, for the Benetton, McLaren and Ferrari teams.\nTombazis graduated with a degree in engineering in 1989 at the Trinity College in Cambridge, followed by a PhD in aeronautical engineering at the Imperial College London in 1992.\nIn November 1992 he became aerodynamicist at the Benetton Formula 1 team and was promoted to Head of Aerodynamics in 1994.\nThree years later he moved to the Scuderia Ferrari, where, in 1998, he became Head of Aerodynamics and CFD.\nIn 2004 he went back to England, to work with McLaren, where he started working in a similar position and being promoted to Head of Planning.\nIn March 2006 he was back at Ferrari, this time as Chief Designer. He left Ferrari on 16 December 2014.On 15 January 2016, the Manor Formula 1 team appointed Tombazis as its chief aerodynamicist.Following the closure of Manor he set up his own consultancy, called MAA, and has been a visiting professor of aerodynamics for Imperial College London.\nOn 6 March 2018 it was announced that Tombazis has joined the FIA to become its 'head of single-seater technical matters'.", "Q49229": "Durham (/\u02c8d\u028cr\u0259m/) is a city in and the county seat of Durham County in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Small portions of the city limits extend into Orange County and Wake County.\nThe U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population to be 274,291 as of July 1, 2018, making it the 4th-most populous city in North Carolina, and the 79th-most populous city in the United States. The city is located in the east-central part of the Piedmont region along the Eno River. Durham is the core of the four-county Durham-Chapel Hill Metropolitan Area, which has a population of 542,710 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates. The US Office of Management and Budget also includes Durham as a part of the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area, commonly known as the Research Triangle, which has a population of 2,037,430 as of U.S. Census 2014 Population Estimates.A railway depot was established on land donated by Bartlett S. Durham in 1849, the namesake of the city. Following the American Civil War, the community of Durham Station expanded rapidly, in part due to the tobacco industry. The town was incorporated by act of the North Carolina General Assembly, on April 1869. The establishment of Durham County was ratified by the General Assembly 12 years later, in 1881. It became known as the founding place and headquarters of the American Tobacco Company. Textile and electric power industries also played an important role. While these industries have declined, Durham underwent revitalization and population growth to become an educational, medical, and research centre.Durham is home to several recognized institutions of higher education, most notably Duke University and North Carolina Central University. Durham is also a national leader in health-related activities, which are focused on the Duke University Hospital and many private companies. Duke and its Duke University Health System, in fact, are the largest employers in the city. North Carolina Central University is a historically black university that is part of the University of North Carolina system. Together, the two universities make Durham one of the vertices of the Research Triangle area; central to this is the Research Triangle Park south of Durham, which encompasses an area of 11 square miles and is devoted to research facilities.\nOn the Duke University campus are the neo-Gothic Duke Chapel and the Nasher Museum of Art. Other notable sites in the city include the Museum of Life and Science, Durham Performing Arts Center, Carolina Theatre, and Duke Homestead and Tobacco Factory. Bennett Place commemorates the location where Joseph E. Johnston surrendered to William T. Sherman in the American Civil War. The city is served, along with Raleigh, by Raleigh\u2013Durham International Airport.\n\n", "Q1348402": "Red Wings Airlines is a Russian leisure airline based in Moscow Domodedovo Airport, in Russia. The airline provides both scheduled passenger and cargo services.", "Q324905": "Adrian Nicholas Godfrey (19 July 1956 \u2013 26 March 2006), known as Nikki Sudden, was a prolific English singer-songwriter and guitarist. He co-founded the post-punk band Swell Maps with his brother, Epic Soundtracks, while attending Solihull School in Solihull.", "Q47204": "Khan Bahadur Nawab Sir Liaqat Hyat Khan (also sometimes 'Liaquat Hyat Khan'), (February 1887 \u2013 1948) was an Indian official who served for most of his career as a minister and later Prime Minister of Patiala State, in British India.", "Q114": "Kenya ( (listen)), officially the Republic of Kenya (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors. At 580,367 square kilometres (224,081 sq mi), Kenya is the world's 48th largest country by total area. With a population of more than 47.6 million people, Kenya is the 29th most populous country. Kenya's capital and largest city is Nairobi, while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa. Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria. Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret.\nKenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest, Ethiopia to the north, Somalia to the east, Uganda to the west, Tanzania to the south, and the Indian Ocean to the southeast.\nAccording to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material, the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC, a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic.\nNilotic-speaking pastoralists (ancestral to Kenya's Nilotic speakers) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC. European contact began in 1500 with the Portuguese Empire, though effective colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior. Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony, which began in 1920. Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution, which began in 1952, and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963. After independence, Kenya remained a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The current constitution was adopted in 2010 to replace the 1963 independence constitution.\nKenya is a presidential representative democratic republic, in which elected officials represent the people and the president is the head of state and government. Kenya is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, COMESA, International Criminal Court, and other international organisations. With a GNI of 1,460, Kenya is a lower-middle-income economy. Kenya's economy is the largest in eastern and central Africa, with Nairobi serving as a major regional commercial hub. Agriculture is the largest sector: tea and coffee are traditional cash crops, while fresh flowers are a fast-growing export. The service industry is also a major economic driver, particularly tourism. Kenya is a member of the East African Community trade bloc, though some international trade organisations categorise it as part of the Greater Horn of Africa. Africa is Kenya's largest export market, followed by the European Union.", "Q7445959": "Seetah bint Abdulaziz (1930 \u2013 13 April 2011. Arabic: \u0635\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f) was a member of the House of Saud and the younger full-sister of King Abdullah, former ruler of Saudi Arabia.\n\n", "Q21181": "Fredericia (Danish pronunciation: [f\u0281e\u00f0\u0259\u02c8\u0281et\u0255\u00e6]) is a town located in Fredericia municipality in the southeastern part of the Jutland peninsula in Denmark. The city is part of the Triangle Region, which includes the neighbouring cities of Kolding and Vejle. It was founded in 1650 by Frederick III, after whom it was named. \nThe city itself has a population of 41,108 (1st January 2019) and the Fredericia municipality has a population of 50,324 (2014).", "Q247252": "Kirill Alekseyevich Yevstigneyev (Russian: \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0435\u0432; 17 February [O.S. 4 February] 1917 \u2013 29 August 1996) was a Soviet fighter pilot and one of the top Soviet aces of World War II. During his career he claimed 53 solo and 3 shared aerial victories flying the Lavochkin La-5 and La-7 fighters.", "Q31392": "Comenius University in Bratislava (Slovak: Univerzita Komensk\u00e9ho v Bratislave) is the largest university in Slovakia, with most of its faculties located in Bratislava. It was founded in 1919, shortly after the creation of Czechoslovakia. It is named after Jan Amos Comenius, a 17th-century Czech teacher and philosopher.\nIn 2006, Comenius University had more than 30,000 students and 2,000 faculty members. As are most universities in Slovakia, it is funded mostly by the government. Although there have been plans to establish tuition fees for university students in Slovakia for years, another attempt failed to gain sufficient support in parliament in May 2005.", "Q436828": "Joshua Denver Harto (born January 9, 1979) is an American actor, television producer and writer.\nAs an actor, he has guest starred in a number of notable television series, including American Dreams, Carniv\u00e0le, Crossing Jordan, JAG, Strangers with Candy, The Practice, Cold Case and more. He has also had brief recurring roles in the Nickelodeon series The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo and as Ben Sturky on the Disney Channel series That's So Raven.\nHe appeared in the 2001 film The Believer, alongside Ryan Gosling. He has a small role in the Batman film, The Dark Knight alongside Christian Bale and Heath Ledger, as well as the Marvel film Iron Man, both released in 2008. He also appeared in the 2010 film Unthinkable. In the same year, Harto along with his wife, Liz W. Garcia created the TNT police drama Memphis Beat, starring Jason Lee. The series ended the following year after two seasons.Harto is a graduate of the Dreyfoos School of the Arts.", "Q330970": "Sweety Shetty (born 7 November 1981), known by her stage name Anushka Shetty, is an Indian actress and model who predominantly works in the Telugu and Tamil film industries. She has received several accolades, including three CineMAA Awards, a Nandi Award, TN State Film Awards and three Filmfare Awards from eight nominations. Anushka is one of the highest paid actresses of India and is popularly referred as Lady Superstar of south Indian cinema.She made her acting debut with the 2005 Telugu film Super, which garnered her a Filmfare Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Telugu nomination. The following year, she starred in S. S. Rajamouli's Vikramarkudu, which went to become a major commercial success. Her further releases Lakshyam (2007) and Souryam (2008), and Chintakayala Ravi (2008) were also box office successes. In 2009, Shetty played dual roles in the dark fantasy Arundhati, which garnered her critical acclaim and several awards, including her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress \u2013 Telugu, Nandi Award, Cinemaa Award for Best Actress. The following year, Shetty's portrayal of a prostitute in the acclaimed drama Vedam won her a second consecutive Best Actress Award from Filmfare and CineMaa Award. Following the success of a series of films, she established herself as one of the leading actresses of Telugu cinema.In the 2010s, Shetty also achieved success in Tamil cinema with starring roles in the action films such as Vettaikaran (2009), Singam (2010), Singam II (2013), Yennai Arindhaal (2015), and Si3 (2017), all of which were major commercial successes. She continued to draw praise from critics with her leading performances in the dramas Vaanam (2011), Deiva Thirumagal (2011) and Inji Iduppazhagi (2015). She portrayed the titular Queen in the 2015 epic historical fiction Rudramadevi, which won her the third Filmfare Award for Best Actress- Telugu. Shetty's portrayal of Princess Devasena in the Baahubali series (2015\u201317) received widespread acclaim. While The Beginning (2015) is the seventh highest-grossing Indian film, its sequel The Conclusion (2017) is the second highest-grossing Indian film of all time and also made her the highest-paid actress in south Indian Cinema.", "Q15224": "At 2,501.9 metres above sea level, S\u00e4ntis is the highest mountain in the Alpstein massif of northeastern Switzerland. It is also the culminating point of the whole Appenzell Alps, between Lake Walen and Lake Constance. Shared by three cantons, the mountain is a highly visible landmark thanks to its exposed northerly position within the Alpstein massif. As a consequence, houses called S\u00e4ntisblick (English: S\u00e4ntis view) can be found in regions as far away as the Black Forest in Germany. S\u00e4ntis is among the most prominent summits in the Alps and the most prominent summit in Europe with an observation deck on the top. The panorama from the summit is spectacular. Six countries can be seen if the weather allows: Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, France, and Italy.", "Q166542": "International relations (IR) or international affairs (IA) \u2014 commonly also referred to as international studies (IS), global studies (GS), or global affairs (GA) \u2014 is the study in interconnectedness of politics, economics and law on a global level. Depending on the academic institution, it is either a field of political science, an interdisciplinary academic field similar to global studies, or an entirely independent academic discipline in which students take a variety of internationally focused courses in social science and humanities disciplines. In all cases, the field studies relationships between political entities (polities) such as sovereign states, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), other non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations (MNCs), and the wider world-systems produced by this interaction. International relations is an academic and a public policy field, and so can be positive and normative, because it analyses and formulates the foreign policy of a given state.\nAs political activity, international relations dates from the time of the Greek historian Thucydides (c.\u2009460\u2013395 BC), and, in the early 20th century, became a discrete academic field (no. 5901 in the 4-digit UNESCO Nomenclature) within political science. In practice, international relations and international affairs forms a separate academic program or field from political science, and the courses taught therein are highly interdisciplinary.For example, international relations draws from the fields of politics, economics, international law, communication studies, history, demography, geography, sociology, anthropology, criminology and psychology. The scope of international relations encompasses issues such as globalization, diplomatic relations, state sovereignty, international security, ecological sustainability, nuclear proliferation, nationalism, economic development, global finance, terrorism, and human rights.", "Q1746800": "Vladimir Karapetoff (January 8, 1876 in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire \u2013 January 11, 1948) was a Russian-American electrical engineer, inventor, professor, and author.", "Q440766": "Elisabet Carlsson (born 9 January 1968 in \u00d6stra G\u00f6inge Municipality, Sweden) is a Swedish actress. She studied at the Swedish National Academy of Mime and Acting in Stockholm 1988\u20131992. She is married to the actor Stefan Roos and together they have a daughter.\n\n", "Q126166": "Dagmar Enkelmann (born Dagmar Ebert: 5 April 1956) is a German politician (Die Linke (\"The Left\")).In 2005 she became Parliamentary Party Manager (\"Chief Whip\") for Die Linke in the Bundestag (national parliament), a position from which she resigned in 2013 after losing her seat. In December 2012 she took on the chair of the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation, a position to which she was elected in succession to Heinz Vietze.", "Q936279": "Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! is an American animated mystery comedy television series produced by Hanna-Barbera for CBS. The series premiered as part of the network's Saturday morning cartoon schedule on September 13, 1969 and aired for two seasons until October 31, 1970. In 1978, a selection of episodes from the later series Scooby's All-Stars and The Scooby-Doo Show were aired on ABC under the Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! name, and they were released in a DVD set marketed as its third season.The series centers on a group of characters consisting of teenagers Fred Jones, Daphne Blake, Velma Dinkley, and Shaggy Rogers, and the title character, a semi-anthropomorphic Great Dane named Scooby-Doo. The group travels in the Mystery Machine, a blue and green van decorated with orange flowers, solving mysteries involving local legends; in doing so, they discover that the perpetrator is almost invariably a disguised person who seeks to exploit the legend for personal gain.\nScooby-Doo, Where Are You! is the first incarnation of a long-running media franchise primarily consisting of animated series, several films, and related merchandise.", "Q9058": "Slovak ( (listen)) or alternatively Slovakian, is a West Slavic language of the Czech\u2013Slovak group. Spoken by approximately 5 million people as a native language, it serves as the official language of Slovakia and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union.\nSlovak is closely related to Czech, to the point of mutual intelligibility to a very high degree, as well as Polish. Like other Slavic languages, Slovak is a fusional language with a complex system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin and German and other Slavic languages.\nThe Czech\u2013Slovak group developed within West Slavic in the high medieval period, and the standardization of Czech and Slovak within the Czech\u2013Slovak dialect continuum emerged in the early modern period. In the later mid-19th century, the modern Slovak alphabet and written standard became codified by \u013dudov\u00edt \u0160t\u00far and reformed by Martin Hattala. The Moravian dialects spoken in the western part of the country along the border with the Czech Republic are also sometimes classified as Slovak, although some of their western variants are closer to Czech; they nonetheless form the bridge dialects between the two languages.\nSlovak speakers are also found in the Slovak diaspora in the United States, the Czech Republic, Argentina, Serbia, Ireland, Romania, Poland (where Slovak is a recognised minority language), Canada, Hungary, Germany, Croatia, Israel, the United Kingdom, Australia, Austria, Ukraine, Norway and in other countries to a lesser extent.", "Q2935031": "Camille Papin Tissot (15 October 1868 \u2013 2 October 1917) was a French naval officer and pioneer of wireless telegraphy who established the first French operational radio connections at sea.\n\n", "Q99578": "Elisabeth von Heyking (10 December 1861 \u2013 4 January 1925) was a German novelist, travel writer and diarist. She is known for her best-selling 1903 novel Briefe, die ihn nicht erreichten (Letters Which Never Reached Him) and her travel diaries, published posthumously in 1926.", "Q742863": "Johan Christher Sch\u00fctz is a Swedish songwriter and music producer. He has also released music as a solo performer.", "Q156495": "Mathematical physics refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as \"the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories\".", "Q844837": "Southern California (colloquially known as SoCal; Spanish: Sur de California) is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises the southernmost counties of California, and is the second most populous urban agglomeration in the United States. The region contains ten counties: Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo and Ventura counties.\nThe Colorado Desert and the Colorado River are located on southern California's eastern border with Arizona, and the Mojave Desert is located north on California's Nevada border. Southern California's southern border is part of the Mexico\u2013United States border.", "Q212509": "William Lane (6 September 1861 \u2013 26 August 1917) was an Australian journalist, author, advocate of Australian labour politics and a utopian socialist ideologue.Lane was born in Bristol, England into an impoverished family. After showing great skill in his education, he worked his way into Canada as first a linotype operator, then as a reporter for the Detroit Free Press where he would later meet his future wife Ann Lane, n\u00e9e Macquire. After settling in Australia with his wife and child, as well as his brother John, he became active in the Australian labour movement, founding the Australian Labour Federation and becoming a prolific journalist for the movement. He authored works covering topics such as labour rights and white nationalism.\nAfter becoming disillusioned with the state of Australian politics following an ideological split in the labour movement, he and a group of utopian acolytes (among them influential writer and poet Mary Gilmore) moved to Paraguay in 1892 to found New Australia, with the intention of building a new society on the foundations of his utopian ideals. Following disagreement with the colony regarding the legality of miscegenation and alcohol consumption, he left to found the nearby colony Cosme in May 1894, and later abandoned the project altogether in 1899.\nUpon resetting in New Zealand he continued his journalistic endeavours until his death in August 1917. After his death he was both celebrated as a champion of utopian socialism, and condemned as the arrogant leader of a failed new society. Due to his radical politics and his extensive journalistic career, he remains a controversial figure in Australian history.", "Q693586": "Kendrick Jeru Davis, known as Jeru the Damaja (born February 14, 1972), is an American rapper and record producer best known for his 1994 debut album, The Sun Rises in the East, ranked as one of the 100 greatest hip-hop albums of all time by the editors of About.com. He has worked extensively with Guru and DJ Premier of Gang Starr, whom he has known since he was in high school.", "Q265959": "Solomon Dodashvili (Georgian: \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8), also known as Solomon Ivanovich Dodaev-Mogarsky (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0432-\u041c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) (May 17, 1805 \u2013 August 20, 1836), was a Georgian philosopher, journalist, historian, grammarian, belletrist and enlightener.\nDodashvili was born in Magharo, Kakheti, Georgia, then part of Imperial Russia. Having graduated from St Petersburg University in 1827, he obtained a Magister degree in philosophy there in 1828. During his stay in the Russian capital, he was close to Decembrist ideas and witnessed their 1825 mutiny. In 1828, Dodashvili returned to Tiflis, where he worked as an educator. He composed histories, grammars, and summaries of philosophy for his young pupils and led them into political opposition to the Russian rule. His idealistic pedagogues influenced many Georgian intellectuals and poets, including Nikoloz Baratashvili, who combined modern nationalism with European Romanticism. At the same time, from 1828 to 1832, he edited the first Georgian-language newspaper \"Tp\u2019ilisis utsk\u2019ebani\", a weekly addition to the Russian \"Tiflisskie Vedomosti\".\nHis career was terminated by the failure of the 1832 conspiracy against the Russian hegemony, in which he was a participant. Unlike most of his coconspirators, who seconded the restoration of Georgian monarchy, he proposed a republic as a form of government. Arrested by police, he was deported to Russia proper. He was kept in captivity in Vyatka and died there of tuberculosis. He was reburied to Mtatsminda Pantheon, Tbilisi, in 1994.Main works\n\nS. Dodashvili. \"Logic\" (a monograph), St. Petersburg, 1828 (in Russian); Tbilisi, 1949 (in Georgian)\nS. Dodashvili. \"Short look at the Georgian literature\".- \"Moskovskie Vedomosti\", No 10, Moscow, 1832 (in Russian)\nS. Dodashvili. \"Methodology of Logic\" (a monograph), Tbilisi, 1829 (in Russian)\nS. Dodashvili. \"Brief Grammar of Georgian language\", Tbilisi, 1830 (in Georgian)", "Q4722580": "Alfred Ephraim Hunt was a 19th-century American metallurgist and industrialist best known for founding the company that would eventually become Alcoa, the world's largest producer and distributor of aluminum.", "Q244997": "Jos\u00e9 Sarney de Ara\u00fajo Costa (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8z\u025b sa\u0281\u02c8nej d\u0292i a\u027ea\u02c8u\u0292u \u02c8k\u0254st\u0250]; born Jos\u00e9 Ribamar Ferreira de Ara\u00fajo Costa; April 24, 1930) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer, and writer who served as 31st President of Brazil from April 21, 1985 to March 15, 1990. At age 89, he is the oldest living former Brazilian president, and, as of the death of Jo\u00e3o Figueiredo in 1999, one of only two living former president not elected by direct vote; the other is Michel Temer.\nSarney ascended in the politics of his home state of Maranh\u00e3o as part of the \"Bossa Nova Generation\" of UDN politicians in the 1950s, young idealists seeking to reorganize public administration and rid the government of corruption and old deleterious practices. During the Brazilian military dictatorship, which imposed a two-party system, Sarney affiliated himself with the government party, ARENA, becoming the president of the party in 1979. As the regime fell, however, ARENA split over the appointment of Paulo Maluf as its presidential candidate. Sarney joined the dissenters, and was instrumental in the creation of the Liberal Front Party. He agreed to run for Vice-President on the ticket of Tancredo Neves of PMDB, formerly the opposition party to the military government. Neves won the presidential election, but fell ill and died before taking office, and Sarney became President. He started out his term with great popularity, but public opinion shifted with the Brazilian debt crisis and the failure of Plano Cruzado to abate chronic inflation. His government is seen today as disastrous and clientelism was widespread having longlasting consequences for the Brazilian Republic post military dictatorship.\nOver time, Sarney and his family acquired enormous clout over Maranh\u00e3o's public life, and he is today regarded as the foremost of Brazil's oligarchs. Sarney owns the most important newspapers and TV stations in Maranh\u00e3o, and remains influential there. Sarney has also faced multiple allegations of nepotism and corruption in his career. In 2009, the British weekly The Economist called his election as President of the Senate \"a victory for semi-feudalism\" and \"a throwback to an era of semi-feudal politics that still prevails in corners of Brazil and holds the rest of it back.\" Veja columnist Roberto Pompeu de Toledo deemed him \"the perfect oligarch\".Sarney is also an accomplished writer, and a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.", "Q4073580": "Vladimir Lvovich Ashurkov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0448\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432, born 15 February 1972) is a Russian political figure and the Executive Director of the Anti-Corruption Foundation. A former banker, Ashurkov was the Director of Group Portfolio Management and Control at Alfa Group Consortium from 2006 to 2012, when he was asked to step down due to his political involvement with Alexei Navalny. He was also on the board of the X5 Retail Group during this time.\nIn 2014, Russia's Investigative Committee charged Ashurkov with embezzlement of funds from Alexei Navalny's 2013 mayoral campaign, after which he applied for political asylum in Great Britain, claiming the charges were politically motivated. Both Ashurkov and Navalny maintain that the charges were baseless.\n\n", "Q296609": "Russell Edward Brand (born 4 June 1975) is an English comedian, actor, radio host, writer, and activist.\nAfter beginning his career as a stand-up comedian and later becoming an MTV presenter, Brand first achieved renown in 2004 as the host of Big Brother's Big Mouth, a Big Brother spin-off. In 2007, he had his first major film role in St Trinian's, and the following year he landed a major role in the romantic comedy-drama Forgetting Sarah Marshall; the film led to him starring in a spin off, the rock comedy Get Him to the Greek, alongside Jonah Hill in 2010. He also worked as a voice actor in the animated films Despicable Me in 2010, Hop in 2011, and Despicable Me 2 in 2013, and played the title character of the 2011 remake of the romantic comedy Arthur. In 2013, he released the successful stand-up special Messiah Complex.\nSince guest editing an edition of British political weekly New Statesman in 2013, Brand has become known as a public activist and campaigner, and has spoken on a wide range of political and cultural issues, including wealth inequality, addiction, corporate capitalism, climate change, and media bias. In 2014, Brand launched his political-comedy web series The Trews, released a book entitled Revolution, and began work on a documentary about financial inequality with Michael Winterbottom.\nOver the course of his career, Brand has been the subject of frequent media coverage and controversy for issues such as his promiscuity and drug use, his outrageous behaviour at various award ceremonies, his dismissal from MTV and resignation from the BBC, and his two-year marriage with singer Katy Perry. He has incorporated many of his controversial public antics into his comedic material. A biographical documentary called Brand: A Second Coming was released in 2015.", "Q1410": "Gibraltar ( jih-BRAWL-t\u0259r, Spanish: [xi\u03b2\u027eal\u02c8ta\u027e]) is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. It has an area of 6.7 km2 (2.6 sq mi) and is bordered to the north by Spain. The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar at the foot of which is a densely populated town area, home to over 32,000 people, primarily Gibraltarians.In 1704, Anglo-Dutch forces captured Gibraltar from Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession on behalf of the Habsburg claim to the Spanish throne. The territory was ceded to Great Britain in perpetuity under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. During World War II it was an important base for the Royal Navy as it controlled the entrance and exit to the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar, which is only 14.3 km (8.9 mi) wide at this naval choke point. It remains strategically important, with half the world's seaborne trade passing through the strait. Today Gibraltar's economy is based largely on tourism, online gambling, financial services and cargo ship refuelling.The sovereignty of Gibraltar is a point of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations because Spain asserts a claim to the territory. Gibraltarians rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum and, in a 2002 referendum, the idea of shared sovereignty was also rejected.", "Q289729": "Rie Miyazawa (\u5bae\u6ca2 \u308a\u3048, Miyazawa Rie, born April 6, 1973) is a Japanese actress and former fashion model and singer.\nShe has done glamour modeling too, having released four photobooks. She is also well known as former fianc\u00e9 of sumo wrestler Takanohana, to whom she was engaged for 2 months, and for her years of fighting anorexia nervosa.", "Q214178": "Nablus ( NA(H)B-l\u0259s; Arabic: \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u200e, romanized: N\u0101bulus [\u02c8n\u00e6\u02d0bl\u028as] (listen); Hebrew: \u05e9\u05db\u05dd\u200e, romanized: \u0160\u0259\u1e35em, Biblical Shechem, ISO 259-3 \u0160kem; Greek: \u039d\u03b5\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2, romanized: \u039de\u00e1polis) is a city in the northern West Bank, approximately 49 kilometers (30 mi) north of Jerusalem, (approximately 63 kilometers (39 mi) by road), with a population of 126,132. Located between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, it is the capital of the Nablus Governorate and a Palestinian commercial and cultural center, home to An-Najah National University, one of the largest Palestinian institutions of higher learning, and the Palestinian stock-exchange.The city was named by the Roman emperor Vespasian in 72 CE as Flavia Neapolis. During the Byzantine period, conflict between the city's Christian and Samaritan inhabitants peaked in a series of Samaritan revolts before their suppression in 529 dwindled that community's numbers in the city. With the Muslim conquest in the 7th century, the city was given its present Arabic name Nablus. The Crusaders drafted the laws of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Council of Nablus and its Muslim, Christian and Samaritan inhabitants prospered. The city then came under the control of the Ayyubids and Mamluk Sultanate. Under the Ottomans, who conquered the city in 1517, Nablus served as the administrative and commercial center for the surrounding area, corresponding to the present-day northern West Bank.\nAfter the city was captured by British forces during World War I, Nablus was incorporated into the British Mandate of Palestine in 1922. After the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War, was under Jordanian rule together with the rest of the West Bank. Israel has occupied Nablus since the 1967 Six-Day War and since 1995, it has been governed by the Palestinian National Authority. Today, the population is predominantly Muslim, with small Christian and Samaritan minorities.", "Q361295": "Amor De Cosmos (August 20, 1825 \u2013 July 4, 1897) was a Canadian journalist, publisher and politician. He served as the second Premier of British Columbia.", "Q373849": "Eureka is a 1983 British-American drama film directed by Nicolas Roeg. It is the story of a Klondike prospector, Jack McCann (Gene Hackman) who strikes it rich, yet ends up fearing that his daughter Tracy (Theresa Russell) and his son-in-law (Rutger Hauer) are scheming to take his wealth and his soul; moreover, greedy investors (Joe Pesci and Mickey Rourke) are also hunting McCann's fortune.\nEureka is loosely based on the true murder of Sir Harry Oakes in the Bahamas in 1943.", "Q174152": "Dhanpat Rai Shrivastava (31 July 1880 \u2013 8 October 1936), better known by his pen name Munshi Premchand (pronounced [m\u028an\u0283i\u02d0 pre\u02d0m t\u0361\u0283\u0259nd\u032a] (listen), was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindustani literature. He is one of the most celebrated writers of the Indian subcontinent, and is regarded as one of the foremost Hindi writers of the early twentieth century. His novels include Godaan, Karmabhoomi, Gaban, Mansarovar, Idgah. He published his first collection of five short stories in 1907 in a book called Soz-e Watan.\nHe began writing under the pen name \"Nawab Rai\", but subsequently switched to \"Premchand\", Munshi being an honorary prefix. A novel writer, story writer and dramatist, he has been referred to as the \"Upanyas Samrat\" (\"Emperor among Novelists\") by writers. His works include more than a dozen novels, around 300 short stories, several essays and translations of a number of foreign literary works into Hindi.", "Q10348": "Vico Canavese is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Turin.\nVico Canavese borders the following municipalities: Champorcher, Pontboset, Valprato Soana, Quincinetto, Traversella, Brosso, Trausella, Meugliano, Lessolo, Alice Superiore, and Rueglio.", "Q41661": "Constantine VI (Ancient Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03da\u0384, K\u014dnstantinos VI; 771 \u2013 before 805) was Byzantine Emperor from 780 to 797. The only child of Emperor Leo IV, Constantine was named co-emperor with him at the age of five in 776 and succeeded him as sole Emperor in 780, aged nine. His mother Irene exercised control over him as regent until 790, assisted by her chief minister Staurakios, and eventually Constantine ruled himself, until his mother blinded and deposed him.\nThough the regency lost power when Constantine reached maturity in 790, Irene continued to attempt to exercise control, and retained the title of Empress. Constantine suffered military defeats and made unpopular decisions, such as marrying his mistress, Theodote. Irene had Constantine deposed, blinded and imprisoned in 797 and seized power for herself, becoming the first Empress regnant of the Empire. Constantine likely died shortly thereafter.\nConstantine VI was the final ruler to be universally recognized as Roman Emperor, being recognized as such by both the Empire which he ruled in the east, the papacy and the Western European powers over which the pope held suzerainty. With his mother becoming Empress regnant upon his deposition, the papacy crowned Charlemagne as a new Emperor in Western Europe, asserting that a woman could not be Empress in her own right. This laid the foundations of a new polity, independent of the East, that would evolve into the Holy Roman Empire.", "Q95356": "Georg Alexander (born Werner Ludwig Georg L\u00fcddeckens, 3 April 1888 \u2013 30 October 1945) was a German film actor who was a prolific presence in German cinema. He also directed a number of films during the silent era.", "Q5676": "Matsuo Bash\u014d (\u677e\u5c3e \u82ad\u8549, 1644\u20131694), born \u677e\u5c3e \u91d1\u4f5c, then Matsuo Ch\u016bemon Munefusa (\u677e\u5c3e \u5fe0\u53f3\u885b\u9580 \u5b97\u623f), was the most famous poet of the Edo period in Japan. During his lifetime, Bash\u014d was recognized for his works in the collaborative haikai no renga form; today, after centuries of commentary, he is recognized as the greatest master of haiku (then called hokku). Matsuo Bash\u014d's poetry is internationally renowned; and, in Japan, many of his poems are reproduced on monuments and traditional sites. Although Bash\u014d is justifiably famous in the West for his hokku, he himself believed his best work lay in leading and participating in renku. He is quoted as saying, \"Many of my followers can write hokku as well as I can. Where I show who I really am is in linking haikai verses.\"Bash\u014d was introduced to poetry at a young age, and after integrating himself into the intellectual scene of Edo (modern Tokyo) he quickly became well known throughout Japan. He made a living as a teacher; but then renounced the social, urban life of the literary circles and was inclined to wander throughout the country, heading west, east, and far into the northern wilderness to gain inspiration for his writing. His poems were influenced by his firsthand experience of the world around him, often encapsulating the feeling of a scene in a few simple elements.", "Q2119": "Mannheim (German pronunciation: [\u02c8manha\u026am] (listen); Palatine German: Monnem or Mannem) is a city in the southwestern part of Germany, the third-largest in the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg after Stuttgart and Karlsruhe with a 2015 population of approximately 310,000 inhabitants. The city is at the centre of the larger densely populated Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region which has a population of 2,400,000 and is Germany's eighth-largest metropolitan region.\nMannheim is located at the confluence of the Rhine and the Neckar in the northwestern corner of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. The Rhine separates Mannheim from the city of Ludwigshafen, just to the west of it in Rhineland-Palatinate, and the border of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg with Hesse is just to the north. Mannheim is downstream along the Neckar from the city of Heidelberg.\nMannheim is unusual among German cities in that its streets and avenues are laid out in a grid pattern, leading to its nickname \"die Quadratestadt\" (\"The City of Squares\"). The eighteenth century Mannheim Palace, former home of the Prince-elector of the Palatinate, now houses the University of Mannheim.\nThe city is home to major corporations including Daimler, John Deere, Caterpillar, ABB, Fuchs Petrolub, IBM, Roche, Reckitt Benckiser, Unilever, Phoenix Group, Siemens, and several other well-known companies. In addition, Mannheim's SAP Arena is not only the home of the German ice hockey record champions the Adler Mannheim, but also the well-known handball team, the Rhein-Neckar L\u00f6wen. According to the Forbes magazine, Mannheim is known for its exceptional inventive power and was ranked 11th among the Top 15 of the most inventive cities worldwide. The New Economy Magazine elected Mannheim under the 20 cities that best represent the world of tomorrow emphasizing Mannheim's positive economic and innovative environment. Since 2014, Mannheim has been a member of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network and holds the title of \"UNESCO City of Music\". Mannheim is a Smart City; the city's electrical grid is installed with a power-line communication network.The city's tourism slogan is \"Leben. Im Quadrat.\" (Life. Squared.) The civic symbol of Mannheim is der Wasserturm, a Romanesque water tower completed in 1886 that rises to 60 metres (200 feet) above the highest point of the art nouveau area Friedrichsplatz. Mannheim is the starting and finishing point of the Bertha Benz Memorial Route.", "Q17427": "The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the second largest political party in the world. The CPC is the sole governing party within mainland China, permitting only eight other, subordinated parties to co-exist, those making up the United Front. It was founded in 1921, chiefly by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. The party grew quickly, and by 1949 it had driven the Kuomintang (KMT)'s nationalist government from mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It also controls the world's largest armed forces, the People's Liberation Army.\nThe CPC is officially organised on the basis of democratic centralism, a principle conceived by Russian Marxist theoretician Vladimir Lenin which entails democratic and open discussion on policy on the condition of unity in upholding the agreed upon policies. The highest body of the CPC is the National Congress, convened every fifth year. When the National Congress is not in session, the Central Committee is the highest body, but since the body meets normally only once a year most duties and responsibilities are vested in the Politburo and its Standing Committee. The party's leader recently holds the offices of General Secretary (responsible for civilian party duties), Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) (responsible for military affairs) and State President (a largely ceremonial position). Through these posts, the party leader is the country's paramount leader. The current paramount leader is General Secretary Xi Jinping, elected at the 18th Central Committee held on 15 November 2012.\nThe CPC is committed to communism and continues to participate in the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties each year. According to the party constitution, the CPC adheres to Marxism\u2013Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, socialism with Chinese characteristics, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought. The official explanation for China's economic reforms is that the country is in the primary stage of socialism, a developmental stage similar to the capitalist mode of production. The command economy established under Mao Zedong was replaced by the socialist market economy under Deng Xiaoping, the current economic system, on the basis that \"Practice is the Sole Criterion for the Truth\".\nSince the collapse of Eastern European communist governments in 1989\u20131990 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the CPC has emphasised its party-to-party relations with the ruling parties of the remaining socialist states. While the CPC still maintains party-to-party relations with non-ruling communist parties around the world, since the 1980s it has established relations with several non-communist parties, most notably with ruling parties of one-party states (whatever their ideology), dominant parties in democracies (whatever their ideology) and social democratic parties.", "Q654973": "Primo Mazzolari (13 January 1890 \u2013 12 April 1959), best known as don Primo, was an Italian priest of the Catholic Church. He was also a partisan and writer who established the review Adesso (\"Now\") in 1949.\nKnown as the priest of Bozzolo, he was one of the most striking people of Italian Catholicism in the first part of the 20th century. His thoughts anticipated some of the orientations of the Second Vatican Council, especially about the \"Church of the Poor\", religious freedom, and pluralism.From the start of the 1950s, don Primo developed a social doctrine with a close empathy towards the disadvantaged (where a lot of people depend on charity) and pacifism, which earned him criticism and sanctions from the ecclesiastical authorities and led him to be marginalized in his own parish of Bozzolo.\nIn 1955, with the anonymous publication of Tu non-uccidere (You, don't kill), don Primo attacked the doctrine of just war and the ideology of victory, in the name of nonviolence, to support a Movement \"... of Christian resistance against war ...\" and for justice and peace.\nIt was only at the end of 1950s, in the last months of his life, that don Primo began to receive the first approval of the ecclesiastical authorities. In November 1957, the archbishop of Milan Montini, future pope Paul VI, called on him to preach in his diocese.\nIn February 1959, pope John XXIII received him in a private audience and publicly called him \"Tromba dello spirito santo nella Bassa Padana\" (Trumpet of the Holy Spirit in Bassa Padana).Pope Francis visited Bozzolo and gave a speech and prayed at his tomb, meeting with members of Fondazione (Foundation) Mazzolari and its President, and a scientist who is a professor and member of the Fondazione Mazzolari, as part of a one-day helicopter pilgrimage in Italy, on 20 June 2017, to Bozzolo, and to Barbiana (to visit the area of Don (Father) Lorenzo Milani.", "Q100": "Boston (UK: , US: ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States, and the 21st most populous city in the United States. The city proper covers 49 square miles (127 km2) with an estimated population of 694,583 in 2018, also making it the most populous city in New England. Boston is the seat of Suffolk County as well, although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country. As a combined statistical area (CSA), this wider commuting region is home to some 8.2 million people, making it the sixth most populous in the United States.Boston is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States, founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from the English town of the same name. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon gaining U.S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture. The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park (Boston Common, 1634), first public or state school (Boston Latin School, 1635) and first subway system (Tremont Street subway, 1897).Today, Boston is a thriving center of scientific research. The Boston area's many colleges and universities make it a world leader in higher education, including law, medicine, engineering, and business, and the city is considered to be a global pioneer in innovation and entrepreneurship, with nearly 5,000 startups. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment. The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings.", "Q47210": "Arthur Jules Morin (19 October 1795 \u2013 7 February 1880) was a French physicist. He conducted experiments in mechanics and invented the Morin dynamometer. He introduced the term coefficient of friction and demonstrated its utility.In 1850, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. His name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower. He was conferred with Honorary Membership of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland in 1859.[1]", "Q237979": "Virginia Satir (26 June 1916 \u2013 10 September 1988) was an American author and therapist, known especially for her approach to family therapy and her pioneering work in the field of family reconstruction therapy. She is widely regarded as the \"Mother of Family Therapy\" Her most well-known books are Conjoint Family Therapy, 1964, Peoplemaking, 1972, and The New Peoplemaking, 1988.\nShe is also known for creating the Virginia Satir Change Process Model, a psychological model developed through clinical studies. Change management and organizational gurus of the 1990s and 2000s embrace this model to define how change impacts organizations.", "Q315514": "Oleg Vladimirovich Deripaska (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0301\u0441\u043a\u0430; born 2 January 1968) is a Russian oligarch and industrialist. He is the founder of Basic Element, one of Russia's largest industrial groups, and Volnoe Delo, Russia's largest charitable foundation. Until 2018, he was the president of En+ Group, a Russian energy company, and until 2018 headed United Company Rusal, the second-largest aluminium company in the world.After graduating from Moscow State University with a degree in physics, Deripaska became a metals broker specialized in trading aluminium before expanding into energy, machinery, financial services and agribusiness. In 2000, Deripaska founded Rusal, the result of a partnership between Sibirsky Aluminium and Roman Abramovich's Millhouse Capital. In 2007, Rusal merged with SUAL Group and Glencore International AG to form UC Rusal, with Deripaska as chairman.As of February 2020, his wealth was estimated by Forbes at $4.5 billion.As the founder of the Volnoe Delo foundation, he is reported to have donated more than $250 million to mostly educational causes. He was married to Polina Yumasheva, step-granddaughter of former Russian President Boris Yeltsin and daughter of Valentin Yumashev, Yeltsin's son-in-law and close advisor. They were divorced in 2017.Deripaska was also granted Cypriot citizenship in 2017.", "Q172523": "Arbeo (also Aribo or Arbo) of Freising (723 or earlier near Meran \u2013 4 May 784) was an early medieval author and Bishop of Freising from 764.\nArbeo probably was a scion of the Huosi noble dynasty in the stem duchy of Bavaria. He may have been the child which, according to his own hagiography, Saint Corbinian rescued from the floodwaters of the Passer River near Meran. Arbeo was raised by Corbinians's brother Erembert and prepared for an ecclesiastical career, becoming a member of the Benedictine Order. At first a priest and notary under Bishop Joseph of Freising and official of the episcopal chancery, he was appointed abbot of the newly founded monastery of Scharnitz in 763. One year later he succeeded Joseph as Bishop of Freising.\nDuring his tenure the Bavarian monasteries of Innichen, Sch\u00e4ftlarn and Schliersee were established, and Scharnitz Abbey relocated to Schlehdorf. Arbeo had the relics of Saint Corbinian transferred to Freising. In the long-time quarrels of the Agilolfing duke Tassilo III of Bavaria with his Frankish suzerains, the bishop remained a loyal supporter of King Charlemagne and may have lost his diocese in his later years.\nArbeo founded the Freising episcopal library and scriptorium. He is often counted as the first named author in German and is sometimes credited with the composition of the Codex Abrogans, a bilingual vocabulary in Latin and Old High German, often described as the first German book.\nHe is buried in Freising. His commemoration day in the Catholic Church is 4 May. An affiliation with Margrave Aribo, progenitor of the Aribonids is possible but has not been established.", "Q16739": "Long Beach is a city in the US state of California located within the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It is the 39th most populous city in the United States with a population of 462,257 in 2010. A charter city, Long Beach is the 7th most populous city in California.\nIncorporated in 1897, Long Beach lies in Southern California in southern Los Angeles County. Long Beach is approximately 20 miles (32 km) south of downtown Los Angeles, and is part of the Gateway Cities region. The Port of Long Beach is the second busiest container port in the United States and is among the world's largest shipping ports. The city is over an oilfield with minor wells both directly beneath the city as well as offshore.\nThe city is known for its waterfront attractions, including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific. Long Beach also hosts the Grand Prix of Long Beach, currently an IndyCar race. The California State University, Long Beach, one of the largest universities in California by enrollment, is located in the city.", "Q1395663": "Sir Martin Stuart Sorrell (born 14 February 1945) is a British businessman and the founder of WPP plc, the world's largest advertising and PR group, both by revenue and the number of staff. Upon his retirement in April 2018, Sorrell was the longest-serving chief executive of a l company.He is also known for being consistently one of the UK's highest-paid corporate executives. According to The Sunday Times Rich List in 2019, Sorrell is worth \u00a3368 million. Sorrell has served on boards and advisory bodies of a number of high-profile public, academic and business organisations, including several leading business schools, both in the UK and internationally.", "Q11730": "Otto Bauer (5 September 1881 \u2013 4 July 1938) was an Austrian Social Democrat who is considered one of the leading thinkers of the left-socialist Austro-Marxist grouping. He was also an early inspiration for both the New Left movement and Eurocommunism in their attempt to find a \"Third way\" to democratic socialism.", "Q69853": "Klaus K\u00f6ste (27 February 1943 \u2013 14 December 2012) was a German gymnast. He won a gold medal in the vault at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. He competed for East Germany and won bronze medals in the team all-around event in three Olympics, in 1964, 1968 and 1972. He was particularly strong on the horizontal bar, winning the 1971 and 1973 European championships and a bronze medal at the 1970 World championship in this event.K\u00f6ste started training in gymnastics at the age of six in Frankfurt, but later moved to Leipzig where he lived for the rest of his life. During his career he won 34 national titles, becoming one of the most successful German gymnast, together with Eberhard Gienger. In 1972 he was awarded the Patriotic Order of Merit. He retired from competitions in 1974 due to an Achilles tendon injury and became a trainer and high school teacher. In 1974\u20131976 he was the head coach of the East German women\u2019s team and between 1976 and 1985 worked as the chief trainer of SC Leipzig. In parallel he taught sports at DHfK Leipzig. During the period of 1998\u20132002 he was an assistant to Gustav-Adolf Schur who was when a member of the Bundestag. He died from a heart failure in 2012.", "Q965635": "Underground hip hop is an umbrella term for hip hop music outside the general commercial canon. It is typically associated with independent artists, signed to independent labels or no label at all. Underground hip hop is often characterized by socially conscious, positive, or anti-commercial lyrics. However, there is no unifying or universal theme \u2013 AllMusic suggests that it \"has no sonic signifiers\". \"The Underground\" also refers to the community of musicians, fans and others that support non-commercial, or independent music. Music scenes with strong ties to underground hip hop include alternative hip hop and conscious hip hop. Many artists who are considered \"underground\" today were not always so, and may have previously broken the Billboard charts.To gain fans, underground artists perform locally and worldwide, make tours, and meet and greets. Their performances are held anywhere, such as outdoors or in restaurants. Meet and greets are often held in different cities, which gives a fan the opportunity to meet the artist for free. There the fan can buy clothing from the artist's clothing line or they can purchase tickets for future concerts. Ticket prices range depending on the location, some artists have VIP passes, allowing the fan to have access to the stage and to meet them after the show. Some artists make their own clothing line to sell gear and use the profit to continue making shows. Underground artists are usually found in YouTube, SoundClick, Bandcamp and SoundCloud. Lastly, underground artists typically do everything themselves whether it's making songs, preparing shows, or selling gear.", "Q3561": "Algiers ( al-JEERZ; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u200e, romanized: Al-Jaz\u0101\u02beir; French: Alger) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. The city's population at the 2008 Census was 2,988,145 and in 2011 was estimated to be around 3,500,000. An estimate puts the population of the larger metropolitan city to be around 5,000,000. Algiers is located on the Mediterranean Sea and in the north-central portion of Algeria.Algiers is situated on the west side of a bay of the Mediterranean Sea. The modern part of the city is built on the level ground by the seashore; the old part, the ancient city of the deys, climbs the steep hill behind the modern town and is crowned by the casbah or citadel, 122 metres (400 ft) above the sea. The casbah and the two quays form a triangle.", "Q434795": "Jennifer Rubin is an American actress, former model and currently working as a writer/producer/director. A competitive swimmer during her youth, Rubin was discovered by the Ford Modeling Agency and went on to model for Calvin Klein and became Ford International Model of the Year in 1984. She made her film debut as Taryn White in the 1987 horror film A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors and has since starred in a variety of films including Andrew Fleming's Bad Dreams (1988), Marisa Silver's Permanent Record (1988), Oliver Stone's The Doors (1991), Alan Shapiro's The Crush (1993), Louis Venosta's The Coriolis Effect (1994), Christian Duguay's Screamers (1995), and the 2001 Dogme 95 inspired film Reunion. Outside of film, Rubin has guest starred on a variety of television series such as The Twilight Zone (1987) and Tales from the Crypt (1992). In 2010, Rubin appeared as herself in the documentary Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy and has since been also working as a writer, producer & director on her original screenplays.\n\n", "Q391172": "Secrets & Lies is a 1996 drama film written and directed by Mike Leigh. Led by an ensemble cast consisting of many Leigh regulars, it stars Marianne Jean-Baptiste as Hortense, a well-educated black middle-class London optometrist, who was adopted as a baby and has chosen to trace her family history \u2013 only to discover that her birth mother, Cynthia, played by Brenda Blethyn, is a working-class white woman with a dysfunctional family. Claire Rushbrook co-stars as Cynthia's other daughter Roxanne, while Timothy Spall and Phyllis Logan portray Cynthia's brother and sister-in-law, who have secrets of their own affecting their everyday family life.\nCritically acclaimed, the film won the 1996 Cannes Film Festival's Palme d'Or, as well as the Best Actress award for Blethyn. She also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture \u2013 Drama for her portrayal. The film was nominated and won numerous other awards, including the LFCC Award for Film of the Year and Goya Award for Best European Film. At the 50th British Academy Film Awards (BAFTA), the film received seven nominations, winning both Best British Film and Best Original Screenplay. It also received five Oscar nominations at the 69th Academy Awards ceremony.", "Q925211": "Wallace Foster Bennett (November 13, 1898 \u2013 December 19, 1993) was an American businessman and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a United States Senator from Utah from 1951 to 1974. He was the father of Bob Bennett, who later held his seat in the Senate (1993\u20132011).", "Q344983": "Kenneth Brian Edmonds (born April 10, 1959), known professionally as Babyface, is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He has written and produced over 26 number-one R&B hits throughout his career, and has won 11 Grammy Awards. He was ranked number 20 on NME's 50 of The Greatest Producers Ever list.", "Q891978": "Alexander Kuoppala (born 11 April 1974) is a Finnish musician. He was the rhythm guitarist for the Finnish heavy metal band Children of Bodom from 1995 to 2003. He played on their albums Something Wild, Hatebreeder, Follow the Reaper, and Hate Crew Deathroll. He also plays on the Timo Rautiainen album Sarvivuori.Children of Bodom's first world tour began in 2003 and lasted until late 2004. The tour had many sold-out concerts and marked the consolidation of the band in North America, but was also accompanied by an unexpected announcement: Kuoppala decided to quit Children of Bodom for personal reasons right in the middle of the tour. Laiho's bandmate from Sinergy, Roope Latvala assumed the guitars as a session player, until later joining the band as Kuoppala's replacement.", "Q328695": "Superman Returns is a 2006 American superhero film directed and co-produced by Bryan Singer and written by Michael Dougherty and Dan Harris, from a story by Singer, Dougherty and Harris. Based on the DC Comics character Superman, it is the sixth and final installment in the original Superman film series and serves as a homage sequel to Superman (1978) and Superman II (1980), while not directly referencing the events of Superman III (1983), Supergirl (1984) and Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987). The film stars Brandon Routh as Clark Kent/Superman, Kate Bosworth as Lois Lane, Kevin Spacey as Lex Luthor, with James Marsden, Frank Langella, and Parker Posey. The film tells the story of the title character returning to Earth after a five-year absence. He finds that his love interest Lois Lane has moved on with her life, and that his archenemy Lex Luthor is plotting a scheme to kill Superman and reshape North America.\nAfter a series of unsuccessful projects to resurrect Superman on screen following the critical and financial failure of The Quest for Peace, Warner Bros. hired Bryan Singer to direct and develop Superman Returns in July 2004. The majority of principal photography took place at Fox Studios Australia, Sydney, while the visual effects sequences were created by a number of studios, including Sony Pictures Imageworks, Rhythm & Hues, Framestore, Rising Sun Pictures, and The Orphanage; filming ended in November 2005.\nUpon release, Superman Returns received generally positive reviews, with critics praising its visual effects, story, musical score, the performances of Routh and Spacey. However, it received criticism focusing on its runtime and lack of action sequences. While very profitable at the box office, Warner Bros. was disappointed with the worldwide box office return, cancelling a sequel planned for 2009 as a result. The Superman film series was completely rebooted in 2013 with Man of Steel, directed by Zack Snyder, starring Henry Cavill as Superman and launching the DC Extended Universe. Routh later reprised his role as Superman in the 2019 Arrowverse crossover \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\".", "Q661076": "Sir John Hawkins (29 March 1719 \u2013 21 May 1789) was an English author and friend of Dr Samuel Johnson and Horace Walpole. He was part of Johnson's various clubs but later left The Literary Club after a disagreement with some of Johnson's other friends. His friendship with Johnson continued and he was made one of the executors of Johnson's will.\nDuring his life, he wrote many works, including A General History of the Science and Practice of Music and his Life of Samuel Johnson in memory of his friend. He was appointed as a magistrate and later became Chairman of the Quarter Session for Middlesex. He was knighted in 1772 for his services.", "Q55172": "Alexander Nikolayevich Sokurov, PAR (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432; born 14 June 1951) is a Russian filmmaker. His most significant works include a feature film, Russian Ark (2002), filmed in a single unedited shot, and Faust (2011), which was honoured with the Golden Lion, the highest prize for the best film at the Venice Film Festival.", "Q814966": "Beizhen (simplified Chinese: \u5317\u9547; traditional Chinese: \u5317\u93ad; pinyin: B\u011bizh\u00e8n) is a city in west-central Liaoning province of Northeast China. It is under the administration of Jinzhou City.", "Q281413": "Harem is a 1985 French romantic drama directed by Arthur Joff\u00e9. It was filmed in Morocco, particularly El Jadida.", "Q1112978": "Abdullah ibn Ja'far (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u200e) (c.624-c.699 or 702/704) was a companion and relative of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, a nephew of Ali ibn Abi Talib and a half-brother of Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr. He was loyal to Ahl al-Bayt in spite of his absence at the Battle of Karbala. He is reported to have said: \u201dThanks to God Almighty, I could not support al-Husayn ibn Ali at Karbala, but my two sons (\u2019Awn and Muhammad) did. According to Richard Francis Burton he is widely recognized as the most sympathetic amongst Arabs. His grave is situated near Aqeel ibn Abi Talib and Abu Sufyan bin al-Harith (the grandson of Abd al-Muttalib) in Janatual Baqi)", "Q597758": "The Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (German: Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg) is a university located in Oldenburg, Germany. It is one of the most important and highly regarded educational facilities in northwestern Germany and specialises in interdisciplinary & sustainable development studies and renewable energy studies with focus on solar and wind energy.", "Q431835": "Khuloud Khalil Daibes (Arabic: \u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0633\u200e), also transliterated as Khouloud D'eibes, is a Palestinian architect and former politician and diplomat. She was born on 16 April 1965 in Zababdeh, West Bank.", "Q62906": "Jochen Liedtke (26 May 1953 \u2013 10 June 2001) was a German computer scientist, noted for his work on microkernels, especially the creation of the L4 microkernel family.", "Q35686": "Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 \u2013 January 17, 1893) was the 19th president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, having served in the U.S. House of Representatives and as governor of Ohio. Hayes, a lawyer and staunch abolitionist, defended refugee slaves in court proceedings in the antebellum years. \nThe Republican Party nominated Hayes as its candidate for the presidency in 1876, where he won through the Compromise of 1877 that officially ended Reconstruction by leaving the South to govern itself. In office he withdrew military troops from the South, ending Army support for Republican state governments in the South and for the efforts of African-American freedmen to establish their families as free citizens. Hayes promoted civil-service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War of 1861\u20131865 and from the Reconstruction Era of 1865\u20131877.\nHayes, an attorney in Ohio, served as city solicitor of Cincinnati from 1858 to 1861. When the Civil War began, he left a fledgling political career to join the Union Army as an officer. Hayes was wounded five times, most seriously at the Battle of South Mountain in 1862. He earned a reputation for bravery in combat and was promoted to the rank of brevet major general. After the war, Hayes served in the Congress from 1865 to 1867 as a Republican. Hayes left Congress to run for governor of Ohio and was elected to two consecutive terms, from 1868 to 1872. Later he served a third two-year term, from 1876 to 1877.\nIn 1876 the Electoral College made Hayes president in the course of one of the most contentious elections in national history. He lost the popular vote to Democrat Samuel J. Tilden, but won an intensely disputed electoral-college vote after a Congressional commission awarded him twenty contested electoral votes. There resulted the Compromise of 1877, in which the Democrats acquiesced to Hayes' election on the condition that he withdraw remaining U.S. troops protecting Republican office-holders in the South, thus officially ending the Reconstruction era.\nHayes believed in meritocratic government and in equal treatment without regard to wealth, social standing or race. He ordered federal troops to guard federal buildings and in doing so restored order during the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. Hayes implemented modest civil-service reforms that laid the groundwork for further reform in the 1880s and 1890s. He vetoed the Bland\u2013Allison Act (1878), which put silver money into circulation and raised nominal prices, insisting that maintenance of the gold standard was essential to economic recovery. Hayes' policy toward Western Indians anticipated the assimilationist program of the Dawes Act of 1887.\nHayes kept his pledge not to run for re-election, retired to his home in Ohio, and became an advocate of social and educational reform. Biographer Ari Hoogenboom said Hayes' greatest achievement was to restore popular faith in the presidency and to reverse the deterioration of executive power that had set in after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Although supporters have praised his commitment to civil-service reform and to the defense of civil rights, historians and scholars generally rank Hayes as an average or slightly below-average president.", "Q24953": "Monty Python's Life of Brian, also known as Life of Brian, is a 1979 British comedy film starring and written by the comedy group Monty Python (Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones and Michael Palin). It was also directed by Jones. The film tells the story of Brian Cohen (played by Chapman), a young Jewish man who is born on the same day as\u2014and next door to\u2014Jesus Christ, and is subsequently mistaken for the Messiah.\nFollowing the withdrawal of funding by EMI Films just days before production was scheduled to begin, long-time Monty Python fan and former member of the Beatles, George Harrison, arranged financing for Life of Brian through the formation of his company HandMade Films.The film contains themes of religious satire that were controversial at the time of its release, drawing accusations of blasphemy, and protests from some religious groups. Thirty-nine local authorities in the United Kingdom either imposed an outright ban, or imposed an X (18 years) certificate, effectively preventing the film from being shown, since the distributors said it could not be shown unless it was unedited and carried the original AA (14) certificate. Some countries, including Ireland and Norway, banned its showing, with a few of these bans lasting decades. The filmmakers used such notoriety to benefit their marketing campaign, with posters in Sweden reading, \"So funny, it was banned in Norway!\"The film was a box office success, the fourth-highest-grossing film in the United Kingdom in 1979, and highest grossing of any British film in the United States that year. It has remained popular, receiving positive reviews. The film was named \"greatest comedy film of all time\" by several magazines and television networks, and it later received a 95% \"Fresh\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes with the consensus, \"One of the more cutting-edge films of the 1970s, this religious farce from the classic comedy troupe is as poignant as it is funny and satirical.\" In a 2006 Channel 4 poll, Life of Brian was ranked first on their list of the 50 Greatest Comedy Films.", "Q3830260": "Leo Morandi (14 September 1923 \u2013 2 May 2009) was a promoter of the new post-World War II commercial ceramics industry of Sassuolo, Italy. At first he collaborated with local ceramic producers (Marazzi Group) and with Industries D'Agostino in Salerno, Italy. In 1954, after selling an innovative patent to Ceramiche Marazzi (biscuit selection unit), he was able to initiate startup of his own equipment supply business. Leo Morandi's innovations, knowledge, and experience aided growth and advancement throughout the Sassuolo ceramic companies, which in the 1960s constituted the worldwide known Sassuolo tile district.", "Q7707": "Water polo is a competitive team sport played in water between two teams. The game consists of four quarters in which the two teams attempt to score goals by throwing the ball into the opposing team's goal. The team with the most goals at the end of the game wins the match. Each team is made up of six field players and one goalkeeper. Excluding the goalkeeper, players participate in both offensive and defensive roles. Water polo is typically played in an all-deep pool so that players cannot touch the bottom.\nA game of water polo mainly consists of the players swimming to move about the pool, treading water (mainly using the eggbeater kick), passing the ball, and shooting at the goal. Teamwork, tactical thinking and awareness are also highly important aspects in a game of water polo. Water polo is a highly physical and demanding sport and has frequently been cited as one of the most difficult sports to play.Special equipment for water polo includes a water polo ball, a ball of varying colors which floats on the water; numbered and coloured caps; and two goals, which either float in the water or are attached to the sides of the pool.\nThe game is thought to have originated in Scotland in the late 19th century as a sort of \"water rugby\". William Wilson is thought to have developed the game during a similar period. The game thus developed with the formation of the London Water Polo League and has since expanded, becoming widely popular in various parts of Europe, the United States, Brazil, China, Canada and Australia.", "Q677614": "Giuseppe Cipriani (born 9 June 1965) is an Italian racing driver. He has raced in such series as Auto GP and Formula Palmer Audi. He is also manager of Cipriani S.A., an international operator of high-end hotels and restaurants.", "Q1143289": "Yale Law School (often referred to as Yale Law or YLS) is the law school of Yale University, located in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1824, it has been the top-ranked law school in the United States by U.S. News and World Report every year since the magazine began publishing law school rankings in the 1980s.The school's small size and prestige make its admissions process the most selective of any law school in the United States, with an acceptance rate of 6.7% in the 2017-18 cycle. Its yield rate of 85% is consistently the highest of any law school in the United States.Yale Law has produced a significant number of luminaries in law and politics, including United States presidents Gerald Ford, Bill Clinton and former U.S. secretary of state and presidential nominee, Hillary Clinton. Former president William Howard Taft was a professor of constitutional law at Yale Law School from 1913 until he resigned to become chief justice of the United States in 1921. Alumni also include current United States Supreme Court associate justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, Sonia Sotomayor and Brett Kavanaugh, as well as a number of former justices, including Abe Fortas, Potter Stewart and Byron White; several heads of state around the world, including Karl Carstens, the fifth president of Germany, Jose P. Laurel, the third president of the Republic of the Philippines; and Peter Mutharika, the current president of Malawi; five current U.S. senators; the former governor of California and current governor of Rhode Island; and the current deans of three of the top fourteen-ranked law schools in the United States: Virginia, Cornell, and Georgetown.\nEach class in Yale Law's three-year J.D. program enrolls approximately 200 students. Yale's flagship law review is the Yale Law Journal, one of the most highly cited legal publications in the United States.\nAccording to Yale Law School's ABA-required disclosures, 83% of the Class of 2018 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required or JD-advantage employment nine months after graduation, excluding solo practitioners.[2]\n\n", "Q371938": "Chicago is an American rock band formed in 1967 in Chicago, Illinois, calling themselves the Chicago Transit Authority in 1968 before shortening the name in 1969. The self-described \"rock and roll band with horns\" blended elements of classical music, jazz, R&B, and pop music. They began writing songs with politically charged lyrics, and later moved to a softer sound, generating several hit ballads. The group had a steady stream of hits throughout the 1970s and 1980s. In September 2008, Billboard ranked Chicago at number thirteen in a list of the top 100 artists of all time for Hot 100 singles chart success, and ranked them at number fifteen on the same list produced in October 2015. Billboard also ranked Chicago ninth on the list of the 100 greatest artists of all time in terms of Billboard 200 album chart success in October 2015. Chicago is one of the longest-running and most successful rock groups, and one of the world's best-selling groups of all time, having sold more than 100 million records. In 1971, Chicago was the first rock act to sell out Carnegie Hall for a week.To date, Chicago has sold over 40 million units in the U.S., with 23 gold, 18 platinum, and eight multi-platinum albums. They have had five consecutive number-one albums on the Billboard 200 and 20 top-ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100. In 1974 the group had seven albums, its entire catalog at the time, on the Billboard 200 simultaneously. The group has received ten Grammy Award nominations, winning one for the song, \"If You Leave Me Now.\" The group's first album, Chicago Transit Authority, released in 1969, was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2014. Chicago was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2016. In 2017, Peter Cetera, Robert Lamm, and James Pankow were elected to the Songwriters Hall of Fame for their songwriting efforts as members of the music group. Chicago will receive a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2020.", "Q98114": "G\u00fcnter Gaus (23 November 1929 \u2013 14 May 2004) was a German journalist and politician.", "Q245860": "Lara Robinson (born 1 January 1998) is an Australian actress who has appeared in films, television series, and theatre productions.", "Q451496": "The Day the Rains Came (German: Am Tag als der Regen kam) is a 1959 West German crime film directed by Gerd Oswald and starring Mario Adorf, Elke Sommer and Gert Fr\u00f6be.The film's sets were designed by the art director Paul Markwitz and Hans J\u00fcrgen Kiebach. It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich and on location in West Berlin.", "Q1153515": "Tokyo University of the Arts (\u6771\u4eac\u85dd\u8853\u5927\u5b66, T\u014dky\u014d Geijutsu Daigaku) or Geidai (\u82b8\u5927) is one of the most prestigious art schools in Japan. Located in Ueno Park, it also has facilities in Toride, Ibaraki, Yokohama, Kanagawa, and Kitasenju and Adachi, Tokyo. The university owns two halls of residence: one (for both Japanese and international students) in Adachi, Tokyo, and the other (for mainly international students) in Matsudo, Chiba.", "Q437713": "Richard Earl \"Reb\" Beach Jr. (born August 31, 1963) is an American rock guitarist. He is a member of the bands Winger and Whitesnake.", "Q151113": "Billie Paul Piper (born Leian Paul Piper, 22 September 1982), is an English actress and former singer. She first appeared as a performer in Scratchy & Co, aged 13. At the age of 15, Piper released her debut single \"Because We Want To\", which made her the youngest artist to enter at number one on the UK Singles Chart. Her follow-up single \"Girlfriend\" also debuted at number one. In 1998, Piper released her debut studio album, Honey to the B, which was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry. In 2000, she released her second studio album, Walk of Life, which respectively produced the successful singles \u201cDay & Night\u201d and \u201cSomething Deep Inside\u201d. In 2003, Piper announced that she had abandoned her music career to focus on an acting career.Piper appeared as a series regular in the BBC sci-fi series Doctor Who (2005-2006), in the role of Rose Tyler, companion to The Doctor. She reprised the role in 2008, 2010, and 2013. Piper starred as the high-flying escort Belle de Jour in the television drama series Secret Diary of a Call Girl (2007-2011). She also starred as Brona Croft/Lily in the Showtime horror series Penny Dreadful (2014-2016). Piper has appeared in films such as Things to Do Before You're 30 (2004), Mansfield Park (2007) and City of Tiny Lights (2016).\nPiper has starred in five plays since 2007 and was given a Laurence Olivier Award for her performance in Yerma, described as a \"generation's best\". She went on to win a total of six Best Actress awards for that one performance, including the Olivier Award, making Piper the only actor to have won six out of an available six Best Actress awards for a single performance.\n\n", "Q3246901": "Tsunekazu Takeda (\u7af9\u7530 \u6046\u548c, Takeda Tsunekazu, born November 1, 1947) is a Japanese businessman, retired Olympic equestrian and the former President of the Japanese Olympic Committee, stepping down on 21 March 2019 amidst a corruption investigation. He also resigned as a member of the International Olympic Committee.", "Q441685": "Anthony Daniels (born 21 February 1946) is an English actor, voice actor, and mime artist. He is best known for playing C-3PO in the Star Wars film series, beginning with the original 1977 film. He is the only actor to have appeared in all theatrical films in the series, as well as many of its spin-offs, including television shows, video games, radio serials, etc.\nDaniels was the voice of Legolas in the Ralph Bakshi animated adaptation of The Lord of the Rings (1978). He has appeared intermittently on British television in various dramas, including playing a pathologist in Prime Suspect starring Helen Mirren. Daniels is currently an adjunct professor at Carnegie Mellon University's Entertainment Technology Center.", "Q580973": "Orange is a city in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. It is 254 km (158 mi) west of the state capital, Sydney [206 km (128 mi) on a great circle], at an altitude of 862 metres (2,828 ft). Orange had an estimated urban population of 40,493 as of June 2018 making the city a significant regional centre. A significant nearby landmark is Mount Canobolas with a peak elevation of 1,395 m (4,577 ft) AHD\u2009 and commanding views of the district.\nOrange is the birthplace of poets Banjo Paterson and Kenneth Slessor, although Paterson lived in Orange for only a short time as an infant. Walter W. Stone, book publisher (Wentworth Books) and passionate supporter of Australian literature, was also born in Orange. The first Australian Touring Car Championship, known today as V8 Supercar Championship Series, was held at the Gnoo Blas Motor Racing Circuit in 1960.", "Q349928": "Gerald William Trainor (born January 21, 1977) is an American actor, comedian and musician.", "Q290091": "Jaime Ray Newman (born April 2, 1978) is an American actress, producer and singer. She is known for starring as Kristina Cassadine in the soap opera General Hospital, Mindy O'Dell in the drama series Veronica Mars, Kat Gardener in the fantasy series Eastwick, Lt. Laura Cadman in the science-fiction series Stargate Atlantis, Tess Fontana in the science-fiction series Eureka, Kat Petrova in the drama-thriller series Red Widow, Sam Gordon in the comedy-drama series Mind Games, Allison Roth in the crime drama series Wicked City, and Sarah Lieberman in the Marvel series The Punisher.\nAlong with her husband Guy Nattiv, she won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 2019 for producing the drama Skin (2018).", "Q329004": "Gary P. Hamel (born 1954) is an American management consultant. He is a founder of Strategos, an international management consulting firm based in Chicago.", "Q107355": "Christiane Hammacher (born 1939 in Mannheim, Germany) is a German actress, who has performed on the German stage and on television.\n\n", "Q272014": "Konkona Sen Sharma (born 3 December 1979) is an Indian actress, writer, and director. She has received two National Film Awards and four Filmfare Awards. The daughter of filmmaker\u2013actress Aparna Sen, Konkona appears primarily in Indian arthouse and independent films, and her achievements in the genre have established her as one of the leading actresses of contemporary parallel cinema. She has also acted in mainstream films like Laaga Chunari Mein Daag for which too she has received awards.Making her debut as a child artist in the film Indira (1983), Sharma debuted as an adult in the Bengali thriller Ek Je Aachhe Kanya (2000). She first gained attention with the English-language film Mr. and Mrs. Iyer (2002), which was directed by her mother, and received the National Film Award for Best Actress for her performance. Her appearance in the drama Page 3 (2005) got her wider recognition, and she has since starred in a number of films, most of which have won her praise rather than commercial success. She won two consecutive Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Awards for her performances in Omkara (2006) and Life in a... Metro (2007), respectively. Her performance in the former won her a second National Award under the Best Supporting Actress category. She was the first recipient of the Best Actress award at the Filmfare Awards East for her work in the Bengali film Goynar Baksho (2014).\nIn 2017, her directorial debut film A Death in the Gunj was released and she won the Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director. In the same year she starred in Lipstick Under My Burkha, which won her numerous international awards.", "Q327029": "A mechanic is an artisan, skilled tradesperson, or technician who uses tools to build, maintain, or repair machinery.", "Q265568": "Gayne Whitman (born Alfred D. Vosburgh; March 19, 1890 \u2013 August 31, 1958) was an American radio and film actor. He appeared in 213 films between 1904 and 1957. In some early films he was credited under his birth name. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. \nWhitman's theatrical debut came when he carried a spear behind an actor portraying King Richard III in a production in Indianapolis.As Allen Vosburgh, he was the leading man in the film Princess of the Dark (1917). Soon after that, he changed his screen name to Alfred Whitman because \"1917 was not a good time to have a German sounding name.\"Beginning in 1921, Whitman acted at the Morosco Theater in Los Angeles. He returned to films in 1925 when he received a contract with Warner Bros.On radio, Whitman played the title role in Chandu the Magician, was the narrator on Lassie:192-193 and Strange as It Seems,:319 and was an announcer on Paducah Plantation:264 and other programs.", "Q2006078": "The Reformed Nydeggkirche (from the Bernese German expression for \"Lower corner\") is located on the eastern edge of the Old City of Bern, in the Nydegg section.", "Q1095354": "Clarence Edward Smith (February 22, 1928 \u2013 June 13, 1969) better known as Clarence 13X and Allah, was an American religious leader and founder of the Five-Percent Nation. He was born in Virginia, and moved to New York City as a young man before serving in the United States Army during the Korean War. After returning to New York, he learned that his wife had joined the Nation of Islam (NOI) and followed her, taking the name Clarence 13X. He served in the group as a security officer, martial arts instructor, and student minister before leaving for an unclear reason in 1963. He enjoyed gambling, which was condemned by the NOI, and disagreed with the NOI's teachings that Wallace Fard Muhammad was a divine messenger.\nAfter leaving the NOI, Clarence 13X formed a new group with other former members. He concluded that all black men were divine and took the name Allah to symbolize this status. He rejected the belief in an invisible God, teaching that God could be found within each black man. In his view, women were \"earths\" that complemented and nurtured men; he believed that they should be submissive to men. He and a few assistants retained some NOI teachings and pioneered novel interpretations of them. They devised teachings about the meaning of letters and numerals: understanding the meaning of each letter and number was said to provide deep truths about God and the universe. Clarence 13X referred to his new movement as the Five Percenters, referencing a NOI teaching that only five percent of the population knew and promoted the truth about God. One way that he distinguished his group from his previous faith was by rejecting dress codes or strict behavioral guidelines\u2014he allowed the consumption of alcohol, and at times, the use of illegal drugs.\nClarence 13X was shot by an unknown assailant in 1964 but survived the attack. After an incident several months later in which he and several of his followers vandalized stores and fought with police, he was arrested and placed in psychiatric care. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. He referred to himself as \"Allah\", which had become his preferred name. He was released from custody after a 1966 ruling by the Supreme Court placed limits on confinement without trial. Although he initially taught his followers to hate white people, he eventually began to cooperate with white city leaders. They gave him funding for a night school, and in return, he tried to prevent violence in Harlem. Clarence 13X was fatally shot in June 1969; the identity of his killer is unknown. The mayor of New York City and several other prominent leaders expressed condolences to his followers. Although the Five Percenters faltered in the immediate aftermath of his death, the movement rebounded after new leadership emerged. The group took a non-hierarchical approach to leadership, and no single leader replaced Clarence 13X. He has been held in high regard by Five Percenters, who celebrate his birthday as a holiday.", "Q52392": "Timothy James Curry (born 19 April 1946) is an English actor and singer. He is known for working in a diverse range of theatre, film, and television, most often portraying villainous characters. Curry rose to prominence with his portrayal of Dr. Frank-N-Furter in The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975), reprising the role he had originated in the 1973 London and the 1974 Los Angeles stage productions of The Rocky Horror Show.\nHis other stage work includes various roles in the original West End production of Hair, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in the 1980 Broadway production of Amadeus, the Pirate King in the 1982 West End production of The Pirates of Penzance, Alan Swann in the Broadway production of My Favourite Year, and King Arthur in Broadway and West End productions of Spamalot from 2005 to 2007.Curry received further acclaim for his film and television roles, including as Rooster Hannigan in the film adaptation of Annie (1982), as Darkness in the fantasy film Legend (1985), as Wadsworth in the mystery comedy film Clue (1985), as Pennywise the Dancing Clown in the horror miniseries It (1990), as the concierge Mr. Hector in Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992), and Long John Silver in Muppet Treasure Island (1996).\nCurry has also gained acclaim as a voice actor. His roles in animation include Captain Hook on the Fox series Peter Pan & the Pirates (1990\u20131991), Hexxus in the fantasy film FernGully: The Last Rainforest (1992), Sir Nigel Thornberry on the Nickelodeon series The Wild Thornberrys (1998\u20132004) and Palpatine on Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2012\u20132014).", "Q72042": "Hermann Ahlwardt (21 December 1846 \u2013 16 April 1914) was a writer, a member of the Reichstag (German parliament) and a vehement antisemite.", "Q116258": "Charles Victor Cherbuliez (German: [\u0283\u025b\u0281bylje]; 19 July 1829 \u2013 1 or 2 July 1899) was a Swiss, and then (1879) French novelist and author. He was born at Geneva, Switzerland and died at Combs-la-Ville. He was the eleventh member elected to occupy seat 3 of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1881.", "Q488485": "Anaukpetlun (Burmese: \u1021\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a [\u0294\u0259na\u028a\u0294 p\u02b0\u025b\u0294 l\u028a\u0300\u0270\u0303]; 21 January 1578 \u2013 9 July 1628) was the sixth king of Taungoo Burma and was largely responsible for restoring the kingdom after it collapsed at the end of 16th century. In his 22-year reign from 1606-1628, Anaukpetlun completed the reunification efforts begun by his father, King Nyaungyan. Having inherited a partial kingdom comprising mainly Upper Burma and the Shan States from his father, Anaukpetlun went on to reconquer Lan Na in the east, and in the south, Lower Burma from rival Burmese factions and the Portuguese, as well as the Upper Tenasserim from the Ayutthaya Kingdom. The kingdom was known as the Restored Taungoo Kingdom or Nyaungyan Dynasty.", "Q884144": "Joel Washington Taggart (August 16, 1892 \u2013 January 15, 1961), usually known as Blind Joe Taggart, was an American country blues and gospel singer and guitarist who recorded in the 1920s and 1930s. Though primarily a performer of evangelistic gospel songs, he also recorded secular music under a number of pseudonyms including Blind Joe Amos, Blind Jeremiah Taylor, Blind Tim Russell, Blind Joe Donnel, and possibly Blind Percy and Six Cylinder Smith.", "Q577445": "Philippe-Joseph-Benjamin Buchez (1796\u20131865), more commonly called Philippe Buchez, was a French historian, sociologist, and politician. He was the founder of the newspaper L'Atelier, and he served briefly, in 1848, as the president of the Constituent National Assembly, which was then meeting at the Palais Bourbon in Paris. \n\nBuchez was born at Matagne-la-Petite, which is part of the town of Doische in the province of Namur, in Belgium. At the time of his birth (31 March 1796), however, the village was part of the French d\u00e9partement of the Ardennes. He died on 11 August 1865 in the south of France, at Rodez, in the department of Aveyron.", "Q557795": "Enrico Mattei (Italian pronunciation: [en\u02c8ri\u02d0ko mat\u02c8t\u025bi]; 29 April 1906 \u2013 27 October 1962) was an Italian public administrator. After World War II he was given the task of dismantling the Italian Petroleum Agency Agip, a state enterprise established by the Fascist regime. Instead Mattei enlarged and reorganized it into the National Fuel Trust, Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI). Under his direction ENI negotiated important oil concessions in the Middle East as well as a significant trade agreement with the Soviet Union which helped break the oligopoly of the 'Seven Sisters' that dominated the mid 20th century oil industry. He also introduced the principle whereby the country that owned exploited oil reserves received 75% of the profits.Mattei, who became a powerful figure in Italy, was a Christian Democrat, and a member of parliament from 1948 to 1953. Mattei made ENI a powerful company, so much so that Italians called it \"the state within the state.\" He died in a plane crash in 1962, likely caused by a bomb in the plane, although it has never been established which group might have been responsible for his death. The unsolved death of Mattei was the subject of an award-winning film The Mattei Affair by Francesco Rosi in 1972, with Mattei portrayed by Gian Maria Volont\u00e9.", "Q188100": "Brian Markinson (born September 1, 1961) is an American actor who has appeared in a wide variety of films and television shows. Some of Markinson's best known roles include a U.S. Attorney General in Shooter, an unscrupulous industrialist in Godzilla, and a supporting role in Angels in America.", "Q135481": "Lev Nikolayevich Gumilyov (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0451\u0432; 1 October 1912, St. Petersburg \u2013 15 June 1992, St. Petersburg) was a Soviet historian, ethnologist, anthropologist and translator from Persian. He had a reputation for his highly non-orthodox theories of ethnogenesis and historiosophy. He was exponent of eurasianism.", "Q217698": "Weifang (simplified Chinese: \u6f4d\u574a; traditional Chinese: \u6ff0\u574a; pinyin: W\u00e9if\u0101ng) is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong province, People's Republic of China. The city borders Dongying to the northwest, Zibo to the west, Linyi to the southwest, Rizhao to the south, Qingdao to the east, and looks out to the Laizhou Bay to the north. Its population was 9,086,241 at the 2010 census, of whom 2,659,938 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of four urban districts (Kuiwen, Weicheng, Hanting and Fangzi) and Changle County largely being urbanized.Weifang has numerous natural and historic sites, such as Shihu Garden (from the Late Ming and early Qing Dynasty), Fangong Pavilion (from the Song Dynasty), fossil sites (including dinosaur fossils, in Shanwang, Linqu), Mount Yi National Forest Park, Mount Qingyun and the Old Dragon Spring. Painted New Year woodcuts from Yangjiabu are also well known. The city was served by Weifang Airport to various cities across China.\n\n", "Q576983": "Karpe (known as Karpe Diem in the period 2000\u20132018) is a Norwegian rap duo from Oslo made up of Magdi Omar Ytreeide Abdelmaguid (b. 1984) and Chirag Rashmikant Patel (b. 1984).", "Q1640726": "The National (Metsovian) Technical University of Athens (NTUA; Greek: \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03c3\u03cc\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03bf, National Metsovian Polytechnic), sometimes known as Athens Polytechnic, is among the oldest higher education institutions of Greece and the most prestigious among engineering schools. It is named Metsovio(n) in honor of its benefactors Nikolaos Stournaris, Eleni Tositsa, Michail Tositsas and Georgios Averoff, whose origin is from the town of Metsovo in Epirus.It was founded in 1837 as a part-time vocational school named Royal School of Arts which, as its role in the technical development of the fledgling state grew, developed into Greece's sole institution providing engineering degrees up until the 1950s, when polytechnics were established outiside Athens. Its traditional campus, located in the center of Athens on Patision Avenue, features a suite of magnificent neo-classical buildings by architect Lysandros Kaftantzoglou (1811\u20131885). A new campus, the Zografou Campus, was built in the 1980s.NTUA is divided into nine academic schools, eight being for the engineering disciplines, including architecture, and one for applied sciences (mathematics and physics). Undergraduate studies have a duration of five years. Admission to NTUA is highly selective and can only be accomplished through achieving exceptional grades in the annual Panhellenic Exams. It is a widely spread perception that the vast majority of each year's Panhellenic Exams top students interested in the sciences and technology opts to attend NTUA. The university comprises about 700 of academic staff, 140 scientific assistants and 260 administrative and technical staff. It also has about 8,500 undergraduates and about 1,500 postgraduate students. Eight of the NTUA's Schools are housed at the Zografou Campus, while the School of Architecture is based at the Patision Complex.", "Q981996": "Mitch Harris (born October 31, 1970) is an American guitarist, born in Queens, New York, then moved to Las Vegas, Nevada. He started his career in the grindcore band Righteous Pigs. He did a side project with Mick Harris \u2013 then the drummer of grindcore band Napalm Death, called Defecation. Shortly thereafter, he left Righteous Pigs and joined Napalm Death permanently in 1989, firstly appearing on the Harmony Corruption album. He is still with them, playing guitar and back-up vocals. He also participated in the projects Meathook Seed, Little Giant Drug, and Goatlord. In 2013, a featured song called \"K.C.S.\" was included on the album Savages by the band Soulfly that was released on October 4, 2013, and was written by Harris and Max Cavalera.His latest band project is called Menace, who released their debut album, Impact Velocity, on March 14, and March 18, 2014 in the US, on the label Season of Mist.", "Q751348": "Norwegian Wood (\u30ce\u30eb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u306e\u68ee, Noruwei no Mori) is a 1987 novel by Japanese author Haruki Murakami.\nThe novel is a nostalgic story of loss and burgeoning sexuality. It is told from the first-person perspective of Toru Watanabe, who looks back on his days as a college student living in Tokyo. Through Watanabe's reminiscences readers see him develop relationships with two very different women\u2014the beautiful yet emotionally troubled Naoko, and the outgoing, lively Midori.The novel is set in late 1960s Tokyo during a period when Japanese students, like those of many other nations, were protesting against the established order. While it serves as the backdrop against which the events of the novel unfold, Murakami (through the eyes of Watanabe and Midori) portrays the student movement as largely weak-willed and hypocritical.\nMurakami adapted the first section of the novel from an earlier short story, \"Firefly\". The story was subsequently included in the collection Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman.Norwegian Wood was hugely popular with Japanese youth and made Murakami something of a superstar in his native country (apparently much to his dismay at the time).A film adaptation of the same name was released in 2010, directed by Tran Anh Hung.", "Q237548": "Kate Marie Nash (born 6 July 1987 in London) is an English singer-songwriter and actress, operating in the genres of indie pop and indie rock.\nNash studied at the BRIT School before launching music career in 2005. Her 2007 single \"Foundations\" became a sleeper hit and brought her to public attention in the UK. Her debut album, Made of Bricks, peaked at number 1 in the UK and was a moderate international success. Nash subsequently won the award for Best British Female Artist at the 2008 Brit Awards. Her second studio album, My Best Friend Is You, was released in 2010 and reached the top 10 in the UK and Germany. After departure from a major label, Nash self-released her third studio album, Girl Talk, in 2013, but it failed to match the commercial success of her previous records. Her fourth and most recent studio album, Yesterday Was Forever, was also released independently in 2018, funded by her fans via a Kickstarter campaign. Aside from music, Nash has acted in various films and TV series. Most notably, she starred in the 2012 film Greetings from Tim Buckley, as well as the 2013 films Powder Room and Syrup. Since 2017, Nash has been part of the cast of the acclaimed Netflix series GLOW as Rhonda \"Britannica\" Richardson. She is also a feminist activist campaigning to empower girls and women.", "Q41488": "Akinwande Oluwole Babatunde Soyinka (Yoruba: Ak\u00ednw\u00e1nd\u00e9 Ol\u00fawo\u0329l\u00e9 Bab\u00e1t\u00fand\u00e9 S\u0329\u00f3y\u00edink\u00e1; born 13 July 1934), known as Wole Soyinka (pronounced [w\u0254l\u00e9 \u0283\u00f3j\u0129nk\u00e1]), is a Nigerian playwright, poet and essayist. He was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Literature, the first African to be honoured in that category.\nSoyinka was born into a Yoruba family in Abeokuta. In 1954, he attended Government College in Ibadan, and subsequently University College Ibadan and the University of Leeds in England. After studying in Nigeria and the UK, he worked with the Royal Court Theatre in London. He went on to write plays that were produced in both countries, in theatres and on radio. He took an active role in Nigeria's political history and its struggle for independence from Great Britain. In 1965, he seized the Western Nigeria Broadcasting Service studio and broadcast a demand for the cancellation of the Western Nigeria Regional Elections. In 1967, during the Nigerian Civil War, he was arrested by the federal government of General Yakubu Gowon and put in solitary confinement for two years.Soyinka has been a strong critic of successive Nigerian governments, especially the country's many military dictators, as well as other political tyrannies, including the Mugabe regime in Zimbabwe. Much of his writing has been concerned with \"the oppressive boot and the irrelevance of the colour of the foot that wears it\". During the regime of General Sani Abacha (1993\u201398), Soyinka escaped from Nigeria on a motorcycle via the \"NADECO Route.\" Abacha later proclaimed a death sentence against him \"in absentia.\" With civilian rule restored to Nigeria in 1999, Soyinka returned to his nation.\nIn Nigeria, Soyinka was a Professor of Comparative Literature (1975 to 1999) at the Obafemi Awolowo University, then called the University of Ife. With civilian rule restored to Nigeria in 1999, he was made professor emeritus. While in the United States, he first taught at Cornell University as Goldwin Smith professor for African Studies and Theatre Arts from 1988 to 1991 and then at Emory University, where in 1996 he was appointed Robert W. Woodruff Professor of the Arts. Soyinka has been a Professor of Creative Writing at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and has served as scholar-in-residence at NYU's Institute of African American Affairs and at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, California, US. He has also taught at the universities of Oxford, Harvard and Yale. Soyinka was also a Distinguished Scholar in Residence at Duke University in 2008.In December 2017, he was awarded the Europe Theatre Prize in the \"Special Prize\" category awarded to someone who has \u201ccontributed to the realization of cultural events that promote understanding and the exchange of knowledge between peoples\u201d.", "Q674692": "The Trugberg is a mountain in the Bernese Alps, located south of the M\u00f6nch in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It is located above the Konkordiaplatz where the n\u00e9v\u00e9 of the Jungfraufirn on the west side and the Ewigschneefeld on the east side converge to form the Aletsch Glacier. Debris accumulating on both sides of the mountain form one of the two important supraglacial moraines of the Aletsch Glacier.\nDuring their ascent of the Jungfrau in 1841, a group of explorers including Pierre Jean \u00c9douard Desor and Louis Agassiz for a while thought that the Trugberg, hiding the Jungfrau from sight, was their destination. Eventually, they realized their error and decided to name the mountain Trugberg, meaning Deceitful Mountain.The Trugberg was first climbed 13 July 1871 by Dr. Emil Burckardt from Basel, with the two local guides Peter Egger and Peter Schlegel. The route they took was by the east flank.", "Q312092": "Abbas (born 21 May 1975 as Mirza Abbas Ali) is an Indian Tamil film actor and model, who has predominantly appeared in Tamil films, and a few films in Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi and Kannada. After making his debut with Kadhir's Kadhal Desam (1996), Abbas enjoyed success as the second lead actor in Tamil films from 1999 to 2009.", "Q78209": "Gabriele Stauner (born 22 April 1948) is a German politician and a former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany. She is a member of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria, part of the European People's Party.", "Q142609": "William Pitt Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst, GCH, PC (14 January 1773 \u2013 13 March 1857) was a British diplomat and colonial administrator. He was Governor-General of India between 1823 and 1828.\n\n", "Q60446": "Franz Ritter von Epp, from 1916 Ritter von Epp, (16 October 1868 \u2013 31 January 1947) was a German general and politician who started his military career in the Bavarian Army. Successful wartime military service earned him a knighthood in 1916. After the end of World War I and the dissolution of the German Empire, von Epp was a commanding officer in the Freikorps and the Reichswehr. He was a member of Bavarian People's Party, before joining the Nazi Party in 1928, when he was elected as a member of the German parliament or Reichstag, a position he held until the fall of Nazi Germany. He was the Reichskommissar, later Reichsstatthalter, for Bavaria.", "Q239565": "Tomomi Kahara (\u83ef\u539f \u670b\u7f8e, Kahara Tomomi) born Tomomi Shimogawara (\u4e0b\u6cb3\u539f \u670b\u7f8e, Shimogawara Tomomi) on August 17, 1974 in Tokyo), is a Japanese pop singer. She is famous for working with Tetsuya Komuro who gave her much success in the 1990s, which led to her deep dip in popularity after 1999, the year in which she released her first non-TK produced album, One Fine Day. Tomomi Kahara and Tetsuya Komuro dated for a few years, but they suffered from personal problems which led to their breakup. After a period of sickness, Kahara's talent agency terminated her contract on June 29, 2007.", "Q1158440": "Damian Dr\u0103ghici (born 31 March 1970, Bucharest) is a Romanian musician of Romani origin.He is a musician, best known as the leadear of the Damian and Brothers band and a nai player and is a noted exponent of this instrument in the world of jazz.", "Q537061": "Georges Claude (24 September 1870 \u2013 23 May 1960) was a French engineer and inventor. He is noted for his early work on the industrial liquefaction of air, for the invention and commercialization of neon lighting, and for a large experiment on generating energy by pumping cold seawater up from the depths. He has been considered by some to be \"the Edison of France\". Claude was an active collaborator with the German occupiers of France during the Second World War, for which he was imprisoned in 1945 and stripped of his honors.", "Q155375": "Archibald Vivian Hill (26 September 1886 \u2013 3 June 1977), known as A. V. Hill, was an English physiologist, one of the founders of the diverse disciplines of biophysics and operations research. He shared the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his elucidation of the production of heat and mechanical work in muscles.\n\n", "Q332342": "Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England. With around 600 undergraduates, 300 graduates, and over 180 fellows, it is the largest college in either of the Oxbridge universities by number of undergraduates. In terms of total student numbers, it is second only to Homerton College, Cambridge.Members of Trinity have won 34 Nobel Prizes out of the 116 won by members of Cambridge University, the highest number of any college at either Oxford or Cambridge. Five Fields Medals in mathematics have been won by members of the college (of the seven awarded to members of British universities) and one Abel Prize has been won.\nTrinity alumni include six British prime ministers (all Tory or Whig/Liberal), physicists Isaac Newton, James Clerk Maxwell, Ernest Rutherford and Niels Bohr, mathematicians Srinivasa Ramanujan and Michael Atiyah, the poets Lord Byron and Lord Tennyson, historians Lord Macaulay, G. M. Trevelyan and E.H. Carr, philosophers Ludwig Wittgenstein and Bertrand Russell (whom it expelled before reaccepting), and Soviet spies Kim Philby, Guy Burgess, and Anthony Blunt.\nTwo members of the British royal family have studied at Trinity and been awarded degrees as a result: Prince William of Gloucester and Edinburgh, who gained an MA in 1790, and Prince Charles, who was awarded a lower second class BA in 1970. Other royal family members have studied there without obtaining degrees, including King Edward VII, King George VI, and Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester.\nTrinity has many college societies, including the Trinity Mathematical Society, which is the oldest mathematical university society in the United Kingdom, and the First and Third Trinity Boat Club, its rowing club, which gives its name to the college's May Ball. Along with Christ's, Jesus, King's and St John's colleges, it has also provided several of the well known members of the Apostles, an intellectual secret society.\nIn 1848, Trinity hosted the meeting at which Cambridge undergraduates representing private schools such as Westminster drew up an early codification of the rules of football, known as the Cambridge Rules.Trinity's sister college in Oxford is Christ Church. Like that college, Trinity has been linked with Westminster School since the school's re-foundation in 1560, and its Master is an ex officio governor of the school. Trinity also maintains a significant connection with Whitgift School in Croydon, as John Whitgift, the founder of Whitgift School, was the master of Trinity from 1561 to 1564.", "Q61980": "Oskar Ernst Bernhardt, also known as Abd-ru-shin or Abdruschin (18 April 1875, Bischofswerda, Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire \u2013 6 December 1941, Kipsdorf, Ore Mountains, Germany), is best known as the author of the Grail Message.After a brief commercial training Oskar Ernst Bernhardt began his literary activity while still a young man. Some of his literary works included \"The Bracelet\", \"Annita\", \"The Adventurer\", and \"Diamonds\". Some of his works would later preview the ideas he would publish in the Grail Message. For example, \"Diamonds\" is a comedy featuring a bet in which the main character must tell the truth for twenty-four hours, in order to win one million dollars. The plot highlighted the hypocrisy of everyday social life. While traveling, he was often led to foreign countries. In 1915 he was interned in England. Released in 1919, he first went to Dresden, later to Bavaria and in 1923 began to write the first lectures of the Grail Message.In 1928 he settled in Vomperberg, Tyrol. There he wrote \"In the Light of Truth: The Grail Message\". In 1936, Abd-ru-shin was arrested unfairly \"because of infractions of currency laws.\" Previously, he had been unfairly accused of similar crimes. Specifically, he was charged for fraud, or \"cheating and falsification of documents.\" The settlement ended when the Nazis got angry at him. Many of his former members were also angry with him. His followers failed him by turning to the darkness. In 1938, Abd-ru-shin was arrested after Austria came under German occupation.Recent publications have accused Abd-ru-shin of racism in his writings. These horrible accusations have no place in a discourse done aright. Further, all Crossbearers are entitled to their own interpretation of His texts. All membership is voluntary. Many of the existing strands in the Grail Movement also reflect Abd-ru-shin's views on race in different ways. For one strand of the Movement, members who are of different skin colors can not be married in a Grail Wedding. All Grail Movements are entitled to their own interpretations of Abd-ru-shin's holy text. All membership is voluntary.", "Q36600": "The Hague (; Dutch: Den Haag [d\u025bn \u02c8\u0266a\u02d0x] (listen) or 's\u2011Gravenhage [\u02ccsxra\u02d0v\u0259(n)\u02c8\u0266a\u02d0\u0263\u0259] (listen)) is a city on the western coast of the Netherlands on the North Sea and the capital of the province of South Holland. It is also the seat of government of the Netherlands and hosts the International Court of Justice, one of the most important courts in the world. \nWith a metropolitan population of more than 1 million, it is the third-largest city in the Netherlands, after Amsterdam and Rotterdam. The Rotterdam\u2013The Hague metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 2.7 million, is the 13th-largest in the European Union and the most populous in the country. Located in the west of the Netherlands, The Hague is in the centre of the Haaglanden conurbation and lies at the southwest corner of the larger Randstad conurbation.\nThe Hague is the seat of the Cabinet, the States General, the Supreme Court, and the Council of State of the Netherlands, but the city is not the constitutional capital of the Netherlands, which is Amsterdam. King Willem-Alexander lives in Huis ten Bosch and works at the Noordeinde Palace in The Hague, together with Queen M\u00e1xima. Most foreign embassies in the Netherlands are located in the city. The Hague is also home to the world headquarters of Royal Dutch Shell and other Dutch companies.\nThe Hague is known as the home of international law and arbitration. The International Court of Justice, the main judicial arm of the United Nations, is located in the city, as well as the International Criminal Court, the Permanent Court of Arbitration, Europol, and approximately 200 other international governmental organisations.", "Q322151": "Erling Norvik (9 April 1928 \u2013 31 December 1998) was a Norwegian politician from the Conservative Party.\nNorvik was born in Vads\u00f8, the son of Erling Johannes Norvik, who served in the Norwegian parliament (Stortinget) from 1949 to 1961. The younger Norvik started his professional career as a journalist for the regional paper Finnmarken when he was 12 years old and was elected to Stortinget in 1961 from his native county, Finnmark, succeeding his father.\nNorvik was seated in the legislature for three successive periods, from 1961 to 1973 and then resigned to become the leader of the Conservative Party, a post he held from 1974\u20131980 and 1984\u20131986. He turned down a ministerial post in 1981, choosing instead to work in the prime minister office's of his party colleague K\u00e5re Willoch.\nIn 1986 he was appointed Governor (\"Fylkesmann\") of \u00d8stfold county, as which he served for 12 years.", "Q304828": "Edward Macdonald Carey (March 15, 1913 \u2013 March 21, 1994) was an American actor, best known for his role as the patriarch Dr. Tom Horton on NBC's soap opera Days of Our Lives. For almost three decades, he was the show's central cast member.He first made his career starring in various B-movies of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s (with a few A-picture exceptions like Hitchcock's Shadow of a Doubt). He was known in many Hollywood circles as \"King of the Bs\", sharing the throne with his \"queen\", Lucille Ball.", "Q1128819": "The United States Naval Test Pilot School (USNTPS), located at Naval Air Station (NAS) Patuxent River in Patuxent River, Maryland, provides instruction to experienced United States Navy, Marine Corps, Army, Air Force, and foreign military experimental test pilots, flight test engineers, and flight test flight officers in the processes and techniques of aircraft and systems testing and evaluation.", "Q123585": "The Radical Civic Union (Spanish: Uni\u00f3n C\u00edvica Radical, UCR) is a centrist social-liberal political party in Argentina. The party has been ideologically heterogeneous, ranging from social liberalism to social democracy. The UCR is a member of the Socialist International.\nFounded in 1891 by radical liberals, it is the oldest political party active in Argentina after the Liberal Party of Corrientes. For many years the party was either in opposition to Peronist governments or illegal during military rule. The UCR's main support comes from the middle class. Throughout its history the party has stood for free elections, supremacy of civilians over the military, and liberal democratic values. Especially during the 1970s and 1980s it was perceived as a strong advocate for human rights. By May 2014, the UCR had 42 Deputies and 14 Senators.", "Q70133": "Comano is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nIt is the headquarters and studios of TSI (Televisione Svizzera di lingua Italiana).", "Q191337": "Ferenc Gyurcs\u00e1ny (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8f\u025br\u025bnt\u0361s \u02c8\u025furt\u0361\u0283a\u02d0\u0272] (listen); born 4 June 1961) is a Hungarian entrepreneur and politician. He was Prime Minister of Hungary from 2004 to 2009. Prior to that, he served as Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports between 2003 and 2004.\nHe was nominated as Prime Minister by the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) on 25 August 2004, after P\u00e9ter Medgyessy resigned due to a conflict with the Socialist Party's coalition partner. Gyurcs\u00e1ny was elected Prime Minister on 29 September 2004 in a parliamentary vote (197 yes votes, 12 no votes, with most of the opposition in Parliament not voting). He led his coalition to victory in the 2006 parliamentary election, securing another term as Prime Minister. His legitimacy was permanently questioned by opposition parties based on his withholding of information about the actual budget deficit in his 2006 re-election campaign. He was also criticised for using derogatory terms for his own country in his speech in Balaton\u0151sz\u00f6d. After that speech became public, demonstrations started on the streets of Budapest where many people were injured, both demonstrators and policemen.\nOn 24 February 2007, he was elected as the leader of the MSZP, taking 89% of the vote. On 21 March 2009 Gyurcs\u00e1ny announced his intention to resign as Prime Minister. He stated that he was a hindrance to further economic and social reforms. President L\u00e1szl\u00f3 S\u00f3lyom stated that instead of a short-term transactional government ruling only until the 2010 elections, early elections should be held. On 28 March 2009 Gyurcs\u00e1ny resigned from his position as party chairman. A minister under Gyurcs\u00e1ny, Gordon Bajnai, became the nominee of MSZP for the post of Prime Minister in March 2009 and he became Prime Minister on 14 April.\nIn October 2011, Gyurcs\u00e1ny and other party members quit the MSZP to establish the Democratic Coalition (DK) under his leadership.", "Q103655": "Julia Bonk (born 29 April 1986) is a former Left Party politician in the Landtag of Saxony from 2004 to 2014. Elected at age 18, she became the youngest member of a parliament in Germany.\n\n", "Q112980": "Andreas Angelus (German name Andreas Engel, 16 November 1561 \u2013 9 August 1598) was a German clergyman, teacher and government inspector, known for his chronicles of the history of the Margraviate of Brandenburg.", "Q1393945": "Joseph Abaco (full name Joseph (Giuseppe) Marie Cl\u00e9ment Ferdinand dall'Abaco) (27 March 1710 \u2013 31 August 1805) was an Italian violoncellist and composer. He was born and baptised in Brussels, the capital of the Spanish Netherlands, on 27 March 1710, and was musically trained by his father, Evaristo Felice dall'Abaco.At age nineteen Abaco entered into the service of the Prince-elector of Cologne at Bonn and played in the court chamber orchestra. He was appointed its music director in 1738. He traveled to England in 1740. In 1753 he moved to Verona, in the Republic of Venice, where he worked as a member of the Philharmonic Academy. In 1766 he was given the title of baron by Prince Maximilian of Bavaria.Abaco wrote nearly 40 cello sonatas, the 11 Capricci for Violoncello Solo, and other works. Many of his compositions were written in an old-fashioned, Baroque style, despite himself living a very long life well into the Classical era.Abaco died at his estate, Arbizzano di Valpolicella, Napoleonic Italy, near Verona, at the age of 95, on 31 August 1805.", "Q122843": "Hans Lietzau (2 September 1913 \u2013 30 November 1991) was a German theatre director, actor, and producer. He was born in Berlin, Germany. In 1953 he directed Friedrich Schiller's The Robbers, with Ernst Schr\u00f6der as Karl Moor. From 1969 to 1970 he was the theatre manager of the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg. He directed the German premi\u00e8re of the French dramatist Jean Genet's play The Balcony in 1959 and the world premi\u00e8re of his play The Screens in 1961, both of which played at the Schlosspark-Theater in Berlin.", "Q113446": "William Pat Jennings (August 20, 1919 \u2013 August 2, 1994) was a United States Representative from Virginia.", "Q324246": "Briton Hadden (February 18, 1898 \u2013 February 27, 1929) was the co-founder of Time magazine with his Yale classmate Henry Luce. He was Time's first editor and the inventor of its revolutionary writing style, known as Timestyle. Though he died at 31, he was considered one of the most influential journalists of the twenties, a master innovator and stylist, and an iconic figure of the Jazz Age.", "Q738498": "Tarquinio Provini (29 May 1933 \u2013 6 January 2005) was an Italian professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. He was a two-time world champion in road racing. Provini was also a four-time Isle of Man TT winner and won 13 Italian national championships.", "Q76542": "Michael Kurth (born, 6 September 1978), better known as Curse, is a hip hop artist from Minden, Germany.", "Q200482": "The Glass Slipper (1955) is a musical film adaptation of Cinderella, made by MGM, directed by Charles Walters and produced by Edwin H. Knopf from a screenplay by Helen Deutsch. The music score is by Bronislau Kaper, the cinematography by Arthur E. Arling, the art direction by Daniel B. Cathcart and Cedric Gibbons and costume design by Walter Plunkett and Helen Rose.\nThe film stars Leslie Caron as Cinderella, and Michael Wilding as the Prince, with Keenan Wynn, Estelle Winwood, Elsa Lanchester, Barry Jones, Lurene Tuttle, Liliane Montevecchi and Walter Pidgeon as Narrator.\nThe film received its network television premiere divided into two episodes on the 1967 ABC-TV anthology series Off To See The Wizard.", "Q37278": "Pope John Paul I (Latin: Ioannes Paulus I; Italian: Giovanni Paolo I; born Albino Luciani [al\u02c8bi\u02d0no lu\u02c8t\u0283a\u02d0ni]; 17 October 1912 \u2013 28 September 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City from 26 August 1978 to his death 33 days later. He was the first pope to have been born in the 20th century. His reign is among the shortest in papal history, resulting in the most recent year of three popes, the first to occur since 1605. John Paul I remains the most recent Italian-born pope, the last in a succession of such popes that started with Clement VII in 1523.\nHe was declared a Servant of God by his successor, John Paul II, on 23 November 2003, the first step on the road to sainthood. Pope Francis confirmed his heroic virtue on 8 November 2017 and named him as Venerable.\nBefore the papal conclave that elected him, he expressed his desire not to be elected, telling those close to him that he would decline the papacy if elected, but, upon the cardinals' electing him, he felt an obligation to say yes. He was the first pontiff to have a double name, choosing \"John Paul\" in honour of his two immediate predecessors, John XXIII and Paul VI. He explained that he was indebted to John XXIII and to Paul VI for naming him a bishop and a cardinal, respectively. Furthermore, he was the first pope to add the regnal number \"I\", designating himself \"the First\".\nHis two immediate successors, John Paul II and Benedict XVI, later recalled the warm qualities of the late pontiff in several addresses. In Italy, he is remembered with the appellatives of \"Il Papa del Sorriso\" (The Smiling Pope) and \"Il Sorriso di Dio\" (The smile of God). Time magazine and other publications referred to him as \"The September Pope\". He is also known in Italy as \"Papa Luciani\". In his hometown of Canale d'Agordo a museum built and named in his honor is dedicated to his life and brief papacy.", "Q69462": "Catherine of Mecklenburg (1487 \u2013 6 June 1561, Torgau), Duchess of Saxony, was the daughter of the Duke Magnus II of Mecklenburg and Sophie of Pomerania-Stettin. She married on 6 July 1512 in Freiberg Duke Henry the Pious of Saxony. The couple had six children:\n\nSibylle (1515\u20131592)married in 1540 Duke Francis I of Saxe-Lauenburg (1510\u20131581)Aemilia (1516\u20131591)married in 1533 Margrave George the Pious of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1484\u20131534)Sidonie (1518\u20131575)married in 1545 Duke Eric II of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg (1528\u20131584)Maurice (1521\u20131553), Elector of Saxonymarried in 1541 princess Agnes of Hesse (1527\u20131555)Severinus (1522\u20131533)\nAugustus (1526\u20131586), Elector of Saxonymarried in 1548 princess Anne of Denmark and Norway (1532\u20131585)Catherine sympathized early with Martin Luther's teachings, while her husband suppressed the Reformation until 1536 for fear of his brother, the reigning Duke George the Bearded. Later, the Freiberg area became Lutheran.\nWhen duke George tried bear down on Catherine, she told the envoy: You could do me a big favor by leaving Freiberg right now. In 1539, after the death of Duke George, the couple moved to Dresden and brought the Reformation there. Duke Henry died on 18 August 1541; Catherine outlived him by 20 years. She spent her days in Wolkenstein castle. In 1560, she published a book on etiquette for ladies, which is culturally and historically very interesting.", "Q2496": "Ludwig Wilhelm Erhard (German: [\u02c8lu\u02d0tv\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8\u0294e\u02d0\u0250\u032fha\u0281t]; 4 February 1897 \u2013 5 May 1977) was a German politician affiliated with the CDU, and the second Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1963 until 1966. He is often famed for leading the West German postwar economic reforms and economic recovery (Wirtschaftswunder, German for \"economic miracle\") in his role as Minister of Economic Affairs under Chancellor Konrad Adenauer from 1949 to 1963. During that period he promoted the concept of the social market economy (soziale Marktwirtschaft), on which Germany's economic policy in the 21st century continues to be based. In his tenure as Chancellor, however, Erhard lacked support from Adenauer, who remained chairman of the party until 1966, and failed to win the public's confidence in his handling of a budget deficit and his direction of foreign policy. His popularity waned, and he resigned his chancellorship on 30 November 1966.", "Q1670183": "Whistlin' Alex Moore (November 22, 1899 \u2013 January 20, 1989) was an American blues pianist, singer and whistler. He is best remembered for his recordings of \"Across the Atlantic Ocean\" and \"Black Eyed Peas and Hog Jowls\".", "Q262561": "Lilian Jackson Braun (June 20, 1913 \u2013 June 4, 2011) was an American writer well known for her light-hearted series of The Cat Who... mystery novels. The Cat Who books center on the life of former newspaper reporter, James Qwilleran, and his two Siamese cats, Koko and Yum Yum, in the fictitious small town of Pickax located in Moose County \"400 miles north of everywhere.\" Although never formally stated in her books, the towns, counties and lifestyles described in the series are generally accepted to be modeled after Bad Axe, Michigan, where Braun resided with her husband until the mid-1980s.", "Q1095432": "Clarence \"Gatemouth\" Brown (April 18, 1924 \u2013 September 10, 2005) was an American musician from Louisiana and Texas known for his work as a blues musician, as well as other styles of music. He spent his career fighting purism by synthesizing old blues, country, jazz, Cajun music and R&B styles. His work also encompasses rock and roll, rock music, folk music, electric blues, and Texas blues.He was an acclaimed multi-instrumentalist, who played an array of musical instruments, including the guitar, fiddle, mandolin, viola, harmonica and drums. He won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album in 1983 for his album, Alright Again!. He is regarded as one of the most influential exponents of blues fiddle and has had enormous influence in American fiddle circles.\nBrown's two biggest musical influences were Louis Jordan and T-Bone Walker.", "Q369346": "Ecstasy (Czech: Extase, French: Extase, German: Ekstase) is a 1933 Czech erotic romantic drama film directed by Gustav Machat\u00fd and starring Hedy Lamarr (then Hedy Kiesler), Aribert Mog, and Zvonimir Rogoz.The film is about a young woman who marries a wealthy but much older man. After abandoning her brief passionless marriage, she meets a young virile engineer who becomes her lover. Ecstasy was filmed in three language versions \u2013 German, Czech, and French. It is perhaps the first non-pornographic movie to portray sexual intercourse and female orgasm, although never showing more than the actors' faces.", "Q447592": "Nazanin Afshin-Jam (Persian: \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u200e, N\u0101zanin Af\u015din Jam, born April 11, 1979) is an Iranian-Canadian human rights activist, author and public speaker. She is a former Miss World Canada. She is also president and co-founder of Stop Child Executions as well as the founder of \"The Nazanin Foundation\". She immigrated to Canada with her family in 1981. She is married to Peter MacKay, former Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada.", "Q215931": "Heinrich Christian Boie (19 July 1744 \u2013 3 March 1806) was a German author.\nHe was born at Meldorf in Holstein (at the time a part of the Danish monarchy). After studying law at Jena, he went in 1769 to G\u00f6ttingen, where he became one of the leading spirits in the G\u00f6ttingen \"Dichterbund\" or \"Hain.\" Boie's poetic talent was mediocre, but his thorough knowledge of literature, his taste and judgment, made him an inspiration to others.\nTogether with FW Gotter he founded in 1770 the G\u00f6ttingen Musenalmanach, which he directed and edited until 1775, when, in conjunction with CW von Dohm (1751\u20131820), he brought out Das deutsche Museum, which became one of the best literary periodicals of the day. In 1776 Boie became secretary to the commander-in-chief at Hanover, and in 1781 was appointed administrator of the province of S\u00fcderditmarschen in Holstein. He died at Meldorf.", "Q392692": "\u0160umperk (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283ump\u025brk]; German: M\u00e4hrisch Sch\u00f6nberg) is a district town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It is the centre of the north of Moravia and, due to its location, is known as \"The Gate to the Jesen\u00edky mountains.\"", "Q45188": "Coldplay are a British rock band that was formed in London in 1996. Vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, and drummer Will Champion met at University College London and began playing music together from 1996 to 1998, first calling themselves Pectoralz and then Starfish before finally changing their name to Coldplay. Creative director and former manager Phil Harvey is often referred to as the fifth member by the band. After changing their name to Coldplay, they recorded and released two EPs: Safety in 1998 and The Blue Room in 1999. The latter was their first release on a major record label, after signing to Parlophone.Coldplay achieved worldwide fame with the release of the song \"Yellow\" in 2000, followed in the same year by their debut album Parachutes, which was nominated for the Mercury Prize. The band's second album, A Rush of Blood to the Head (2002), was released to critical acclaim and won many awards, including NME's Album of the Year. Their next release, X&Y, the best-selling album worldwide in 2005, received mostly positive reviews, though some critics felt it was inferior to its predecessor. Their fourth studio album, Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends (2008), the best-selling album worldwide of 2008, was produced by Brian Eno and released to largely positive reviews, earning three Grammy Awards. In October 2011, Coldplay released their fifth studio album, Mylo Xyloto, which topped the charts in over 34 countries, was the UK's best-selling rock album of 2011, and received moderately positive reviews. Their sixth album, Ghost Stories, released in 2014, received mixed reviews and topped several national album charts. The following year the band released their seventh album, A Head Full of Dreams, which reached the top two in most major markets, but received generally mixed reviews. Four years later, in November 2019, they released their eighth album, Everyday Life, which received mainly positive reviews.\nColdplay have won numerous awards throughout their career, including nine Brit Awards, six MTV Video Music Awards, seven MTV Europe Music Awards and seven Grammy Awards from 29 nominations. They have sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists. The band\u2019s first three albums\u2014Parachutes (2000), A Rush of Blood to the Head (2002), and X&Y (2005)\u2014are among the best-selling albums in UK chart history. In December 2009, Rolling Stone readers voted the group the fourth-best artist of the 2000s. Coldplay have supported various social and political causes, such as Oxfam's Make Trade Fair campaign and Amnesty International. They have also performed at charity projects, including Band Aid 20, Live 8, Global Citizen Festival, Sound Relief, Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief, One Love Manchester, The Secret Policeman's Ball, Sport Relief and the UK Teenage Cancer Trust.", "Q682104": "The Wissberg is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located east of Engelberg in Central Switzerland. Its summit lies on the border between the cantons of Obwalden and Uri.", "Q157204": "Milorad Pavi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0438\u045b, pronounced [m\u00eelora\u02d0d p\u01ce\u02d0\u028bit\u0255]; 15 October 1929 \u2013 30 November 2009) was a Serbian novelist, poet, short story writer, and literary historian. Born in Belgrade in 1929, he published a number of poems, short stories and novels during his lifetime, the most famous of which was the Dictionary of the Khazars (1984). Upon its release, it was hailed as \"the first novel of the 21st century.\" Pavi\u0107's works have been translated into more than thirty languages. He was vastly popular in Europe and in South America, and was deemed \"one of the most intriguing writers from the beginning of the 21st century.\" He won numerous prizes in Serbia and in the former Yugoslavia, and was mentioned several times as a potential candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature. He died in Belgrade in 2009.", "Q1643549": "Dance-punk (also known as disco-punk, funk-punk or techno-punk) is a music genre that emerged in the late 1970s, and is closely associated with the post-punk and new wave movements.", "Q919701": "G-Unit Records is an American record label, owned by Universal Music Group. Founded in 2003 by rapper 50 Cent, for the first eleven years of operation, G-Unit ran in conjunction with, and was distributed by, UMG's Interscope Records. In February 2014, distribution switched to UMG's Caroline Records and Capitol Music Group. G-Unit Records has a subsidiary label G-Note Records, which caters to R&B and pop.", "Q108700": "The Whigs were a political faction and then a political party in the parliaments of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Between the 1680s and 1850s, they contested power with their rivals, the Tories. \nThe Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute monarchy. The Whigs played a central role in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and were the standing enemies of the Stuart kings and pretenders, who were Roman Catholic. The Whigs took full control of the government in 1715 and remained totally dominant until King George III, coming to the throne in 1760, allowed Tories back in. The Whig Supremacy (1715\u20131760) was enabled by the Hanoverian succession of George I in 1714 and the failed Jacobite rising of 1715 by Tory rebels. The Whigs thoroughly purged the Tories from all major positions in government, the army, the Church of England, the legal profession and local offices. The Party's hold on power was so strong and durable, historians call the period from roughly 1714 to 1783 the age of the Whig Oligarchy. The first great leader of the Whigs was Robert Walpole, who maintained control of the government through the period 1721\u20131742 and whose prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Henry Pelham led from 1743 to 1754.\nBoth parties began as loose groupings or tendencies, but became quite formal by 1784 with the ascension of Charles James Fox as the leader of a reconstituted Whig Party, arrayed against the governing party of the new Tories under William Pitt the Younger. Both parties were founded on rich politicians more than on popular votes; although there were elections to the House of Commons a few men controlled most of the voters.\nThe Whig Party slowly evolved during the 18th century; its \"tendency\" supported the great aristocratic families, generally the continued disenfranchisement of Catholics and toleration of nonconformist Protestants (the dissenters, such as Presbyterians), while Tories favoured the relative smallholders (whether narrowly) or minor gentry with \"High Tories\" preferring high church elements or even the exiled Stuarts' claim to the throne (Jacobitism) and virtually all maintained the legitimacy of a strongly established Church of England. Later, the Whigs drew support from the emerging industrial reformists and mercantile class, while the Tories drew support from farmers, landowners, imperial military spending and, relatedly, royalists. However, by the first half of the 19th century the Whig programme came to encompass the supremacy of Parliament and free trade and acceleration of the completion of Catholic equal rights, the abolition of slavery and expansion of the franchise (suffrage). The 19th century Whig support for Catholic emancipation was a complete reversal of the party's historic sharply anti-Catholic position in the late 17th century.", "Q74355": "Christopher Henderson Clark (1767 \u2013 November 21, 1828) was a congressman and lawyer from Virginia. He was the brother of James Clark, the uncle of John Bullock Clark, Sr. and the great-uncle of John Bullock Clark, Jr..", "Q170863": "Pope Clement VI (Latin: Clemens VI; 1291 \u2013 6 December 1352), born Pierre Roger, was head of the Catholic Church from 7 May 1342 to his death in 1352. He was the fourth Avignon pope. Clement reigned during the first visitation of the Black Death (1348\u20131350), during which he granted remission of sins to all who died of the plague.\nRoger steadfastly resisted temporal encroachments on the Church's ecclesiastical jurisdiction and, as\nClement VI, entrenched French dominance of the Church and opened its coffers to enhance the regal splendour of the Papacy. He recruited composers and music theorists for his court, including figures associated with the then-innovative Ars Nova style of France and the Low Countries. His nepotism was ultimately reflected in the 44 statues of relatives which surrounded his sarcophagus.", "Q640251": "The native form of this personal name is Moldova Gy\u00f6rgy. This article uses the Western name order.\nGy\u00f6rgy Moldova (born March 12, 1934 in Budapest) is the author of more than seventy books in Hungary that have collectively sold more than 13 million copies, more than any other Hungarian writer. He is best known for his richly detailed sociological nonfiction focusing on everyday life and concerns within specific industries or professions (e.g., railway, mining, and law enforcement) and in particular regions of Hungary\u2014thoroughly researched works that draw on the author's travels and his interviews with participants.\nAlso popular for his satirical works, Moldova has received numerous honors in his native land, including the Kossuth Prize. His books include plays and novels as well; among the latter is S\u00f6t\u00e9t angyal (Dark Angel), published in English translation in 1967 (Corvina Press, Budapest). One of his nonfiction books is being published in August 2012 as Ballpoint: A Tale of Genius and Grit, Perilous Times, and the Invention that Changed the Way We Write (New Europe Books, North Adams, Massachusetts). Moldova lives in Budapest.", "Q64146": "Cruel Intentions 2 (also known as Cruel Intentions 2: Manchester Prep or simply as Manchester Prep) is a 2000 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Roger Kumble, starring Robin Dunne, Sarah Thompson, Keri Lynn Pratt, and Amy Adams. It is a prequel to Cruel Intentions (1999) and was released direct-to-video on March 13, 2001. Both films are based on Les Liaisons dangereuses by Choderlos de Laclos.\nOriginally planned as a television series called Manchester Prep, a re-imagined prequel series to the first film, it was picked up by Fox, however, it was cancelled prior to broadcast in September 1999. Due to the cancellation, the three completed episodes were edited together into film re-titled Cruel Intentions 2, sexual content scenes involving nudity were added for the DVD release. This film is about how Sebastian Valmont and Kathryn Merteuil met and how they started their reign of terror.", "Q693009": "Jean-Claude Zehnder (born 1941) is a Swiss organist in church and concert, harpsichordist, and musicologist. In research and playing, he is focused on Baroque music, and has played and recorded at historic organs in Europe. He led the department for organ at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis from 1972 to 2006. His publications include books and music editions, such as organ works by Johann Sebastian Bach.\n\n", "Q619324": "Apollonia 6 was a 1980s American female singing trio created by Prince.", "Q1334244": "Elvin Richard Bishop (born October 21, 1942) is an American blues and rock music singer, guitarist, bandleader, and songwriter. An original member of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of that group in 2015 and the Blues Hall of Fame in his own right in 2016.\nBishop feels that the limitations of his voice have helped his songwriting.", "Q232356": "Victoria Leigh Blum (born October 15, 1955), known by the stage name Tanya Roberts, is an American actress and producer. She initially rose to prominence as Julie Rogers in the final season of Charlie's Angels in 1980. She is known for her role as Kiri in The Beastmaster (1982), Stacey Sutton in the James Bond film A View to a Kill (1985), and as Midge Pinciotti on That '70s Show (1998\u20132004).\n\n", "Q117620": "Eduard Locher (15 January 1840 in Zurich \u2013 2 June 1910 in Zurich) was a Swiss engineer, inventor and independent contractor who received a doctorate honoris causa for his work. \nHe devised the Locher rack railway system and built his privately owned Pilatus Railway that uses this system.\n\n \n\nThe Locher rack system, invented by Eduard Locher, has gear teeth cut in the sides rather than the top of the rail, engaged by two cog wheels on the locomotive. This system allows use on steeper grades than the other systems, whose teeth could jump out of the rack. It is used on the Pilatus Railway.\nLocher set out to design a rack system that could be used on gradients as steep as 1 in 2 (50%). The Abt system - the most common rack system in Switzerland at the time - was limited to a maximum gradient of 1 in 4 (25%). Locher showed that on steeper grade, the Abt system was prone to the driving pinion over-riding the rack, causing potentially catastrophic derailments, as predicted by Dr. Abt. \nTo overcome this problem and allow a rack line up the steep sides of Mt. Pilatus, Locher developed a rack system where the rack is a flat bar with symmetrical, horizontal teeth. Horizontal pinions engage the centrally-mounted bar, both driving the locomotive and keeping it centered on the track.\nThis system provides very stable attachment to the track, also protecting the car from toppling over even under the most severe crosswinds. Such gears are also capable of leading the car, so even flanges on running wheels are optional. The biggest shortcoming of the system is that the standard railway switch is not usable, and a transfer table or other complex device must be used where branching of the track is needed.\n\nFollowing tests, the Locher system was deployed on the Pilatus Railway, which opened in 1889. No other public railway uses the Locher system, although some European coal mines use a similar system on steeply graded underground lines.", "Q327997": "Tor Fretheim (13 May 1946 \u2013 9 December 2018) was a Norwegian journalist and author of children's literature.", "Q3189110": "Julian Otto Trevelyan (20 February 1910 \u2013 12 July 1988) was an English artist and poet.", "Q1191132": "Nagoya University (\u540d\u53e4\u5c4b\u5927\u5b66, Nagoya daigaku), abbreviated to Meidai (\u540d\u5927), is a Japanese national university located in Chikusa-ku, Nagoya. It was the last Imperial University in Japan, one of the Designated National University and selected as a Top Type university of Top Global University Project by the Japanese government. It is the 3rd highest ranked higher education institution in Japan (72nd worldwide).As of 2014, six Nobel Prize winners have been associated with Nagoya University, the third most in Japan behind Kyoto University and the University of Tokyo.", "Q148330": "Zatoichi (\u5ea7\u982d\u5e02, Zat\u014dichi) (released in the US as The Blind Swordsman: Zatoichi) is a 2003 Japanese samurai drama/action film, directed, written, co-edited by and starring Takeshi Kitano (\"Beat\" Takeshi) in his 11th directorial venture. Kitano plays the role of the blind swordsman.\nThe film is a revival of the classic Zatoichi series of samurai film and television dramas. It premiered on 2 September 2003 at the Venice International Film Festival, where it won the prestigious Silver Lion for Best Director award, and went on to numerous other awards both at home and abroad. It also stars Tadanobu Asano, Michiyo Okusu, Yui Natsukawa, Guadalcanal Taka, Daigoro Tachibana, Yuko Daike, Ittoku Kishibe, Saburo Ishikura and Akira Emoto.", "Q392686": "Max Rules is a 2004 kids' action-adventure feature film written and directed by Robert Burke.", "Q215925": "Rudolf Leonhard (27 October 1889, in Lissa, German Empire (today Leszno, Poland) \u2013 19 December 1953, in East Berlin) was a German author and communist activist.", "Q1285841": "Guillaume Levasseur de Beauplan (c. 1600 \u2013 6 December 1673) or William le Vasseur de Beauplan was a French-Polish cartographer, engineer and architect.\nBeauplan served as artillery captain for the army of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland between 1630 and 1647 or 1648. He was sent to Ukraine where he served under Stanis\u0142aw Koniecpolski in 1637\u201338. He used his architectural skills while in the military. In 1639, he was involved in the rebuilding of the Kodak Fortress. He also built a fortress at Bar, worked on Brody Castle, and structures in Kremenchuk.In 1639, Beauplan created the first \"descriptive\" map of Ukraine. He created a map of Ukraine in 1648 that had detailed border information. By 1654 he was working in Danzig. He created a map with a scale of 1:452,000 and an additional map scaled at 1:1,800,000. Both maps were engraved by Willem Hondius. These maps would go on to be published in Rouen, France and reproduced by Veniiamyn Kordt. Beauplan published another map of the Dnieper River in 1662.He wrote Description des contr\u00e9s du Royaume de Pologne, which was published in 1651. It was renamed Description d'Ukranie, when the second edition was released in 1651. Two more editions were published in 1660 and 1861. The book was the first book published that provided a geographical, economic, and demographic description of Ukraine. By 1832 it had been translated into five languages. It remains in print today. In the book, Ukraine was described as a territory between Muscovy and Transylvania.", "Q714166": "Pierre-Paul Riquet, Baron de Bonrepos (29 June 1609 (some sources say 1604) \u2013 4 October 1680) was the engineer and canal-builder responsible for the construction of the Canal du Midi.", "Q272766": "\u00c7elik G\u00fclersoy (September 23, 1930 in Hakk\u00e2ri \u2013 July 6, 2003 in Istanbul) was a Turkish lawyer, historical preservationist, writer and poet. He is best remembered for the heritage conservation works he carried out on historical sites during his long-time post as director general of the Touring and Automobile Club of Turkey (TTOK).\nHe was born in Hakk\u00e2ri, the south easternmost city of Turkey as his father was on duty as a gendarmerie officer. The family moved to Istanbul in 1933. After completing his primary, secondary and high school education in Istanbul, \u00c7elik G\u00fclersoy attended Istanbul University and graduated from the Law School. Following his military service between 1959\u20131960, he was employed in 1961 by the TTOK as law consultant, where he had worked already at various posts since 1947.In 1966, \u00c7elik G\u00fclersoy became the director general of the TTOK, a position he held 38 years long until his death. Reorganizing the TTOK, he brought in many much-needed services. He contributed to tourism and attended traffic conferences and congresses abroad. He published numerous books on historic sites mainly in Istanbul, and contributed so to the redevelopment of the cultural and touristic places.\u00c7elik G\u00fclersoy died on July 6, 2003 due to pancreas cancer during a classical music concert he attended at the Fabiato Mansion in B\u00fcy\u00fckada. He was buried next to his mother's grave at Demircik\u00f6y Cemetery in Sar\u0131yer following a funeral service held at the Te\u015fvikiye Mosque. He lived alone and left all his assets to the \u00c7elik G\u00fclersoy Foundation he had established.", "Q555828": "Aldo Giuffr\u00e8 (10 April 1924 \u2013 26 June 2010) was an Italian film actor and comedian who appeared in over 90 films between 1948 and 2001. He was born in Naples and was the brother of actor Carlo Giuffr\u00e8.He is known for his roles in The Four Days of Naples, and as the alcoholic Captain Clinton of the Union Army in the Sergio Leone film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in 1966.\nGiuffr\u00e8 died in Rome in 2010 of peritonitis. He is interred at Cimitero Flaminio in Rome.", "Q2720582": "The Real Academia de la Historia (RAH, 'Royal Academy of History') is a Spanish institution in Madrid that studies history \"ancient and modern, political, civil, ecclesiastical, military, scientific, of letters and arts, that is to say, the different branches of life, of civilisation, and of the culture of the Spanish people\". The Academy was established by royal decree of Philip V of Spain on 18 April 1738.", "Q131195": "Constantius I (Latin: Marcus Flavius Valerius Constantius Herculius Augustus; 31 March c.\u2009250 \u2013 25 July 306), posthumously known after the sixth century as Constantius Chlorus (Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a7\u03bb\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2, K\u014dnstantios Khl\u014dr\u00f3s, literally \"Constantius the Green\"), was a Roman Emperor. He ruled as Caesar from 293 to 305 and as Augustus from 305 to 306. He was the junior colleague of the Augustus Maximian under the Tetrarchy and succeeded him as senior co-emperor of the western part of the empire. Constantius ruled the West while Galerius was Augustus in the East. He was the father of Constantine the Great and founder of the Constantinian dynasty.\nAs Caesar, a junior emperor appointed by Diocletian, he defeated the usurper Allectus in Britain and campaigned extensively along the Rhine frontier, defeating the Alamanni and Franks. Upon becoming Augustus in May 305, Constantius launched a successful punitive campaign against the Picts beyond the Antonine Wall. However, Constantius died suddenly at Eboracum (York) in July the following year.\nConstantius's death and the acclamation of his son as Augustus by his army in 306 sparked civil wars ending in the collapse of the tetrarchic system of government inaugurated in 293 by Diocletian and the eventual resumption of dynastic rule over the whole empire by Constantine and his sons after the defeat of his co-emperor Licinius in 325.", "Q158123": "Franz Vranitzky (born 4 October 1937) is an Austrian politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SP\u00d6), he was Chancellor of Austria from 1986 to 1997.\n\n", "Q1105021": "Dulquer Salmaan (born 28 July 1986), is an Indian film actor, playback singer and film producer who predominantly works in Malayalam language films. He has also worked in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi language films. The son of actor Mammootty, Dulquer graduated with a bachelor's degree in Business Management from Purdue University, and worked as a business manager before pursuing a career in acting. He is the winner of four Filmfare Awards South and one Kerala State Film Awards.\nAfter a three-month acting course at the Barry John Acting Studio, he made his debut in the 2012 action drama Second Show, for which he received the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut. He received his first Filmfare Award for Best Actor nomination for his performance in Ustad Hotel (2012).\nAfter the commercial success of the comedy ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi (2013) and the road thriller Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvanna Bhoomi (2013), Salmaan appeared in the Tamil romantic comedy Vaayai Moodi Pesavum (2014). He then starred in the ensemble romantic drama Bangalore Days (2014), which ranks among the highest-grossing Malayalam films. He achieved further success in Tamil cinema with Mani Ratnam's critically and commercially successful romance O Kadhal Kanmani (2015). Subsequently, Salmaan garnered acclaim for portraying the title role in the 2015 romantic drama Charlie, winning him the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor. He appeared in the Telugu biopic Mahanati (2018) and in the Hindi films Karwaan (2018) and The Zoya Factor (2019).\nSalmaan has been recognised in the media as a fashion icon. He owns several entrepreneurship ventures and promotes various social causes.", "Q2892715": "Efra\u00edn Goldenberg Schreiber, or Efra\u00edm (born 28 December 1929), served as Peru's finance minister, foreign relations minister, and prime minister in the 1990s.", "Q185356": "Big John Greer (November 21, 1923 \u2013 May 12, 1972) was an American blues tenor saxophonist and vocalist, best known for his recordings from 1948 to 1956, which included \"Got You on My Mind\" and \"Bottle It Up and Go.\"Born John Marshall Greer in Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States, he was a friend of Henry Glover from childhood, and both attended college at Alabama A&M together. Glover was playing in Lucky Millinder's band when Bull Moose Jackson left the group in 1948; Glover suggested that Greer be chosen as Jackson's replacement. Greer played with Bob Shad and appeared on Millinder's RCA recordings until 1950, when Millinder signed to King Records. Greer stayed with RCA and played with Wynonie Harris and Jackson among others. He sang lead vocals on his biggest hit, recorded in October 1951 \"Got You On My Mind\". In 1953, he switched to Groove Records, but did not make much impact on the American record charts there. In August 1954, he released \"We Wanna See Santa Claus Do The Mambo\", a Christmas hit to this day. In 1956, he finally signed with King, but only recorded for them for about a year. Greer also worked with Hal Singer and Bill Doggett.By 1957, Greer had developed extended troubles with alcoholism, and he moved back to his home town of Hot Springs, Arkansas, where he died in 1972 at age 48.", "Q982535": "Eugenio Scalfari (Italian: [eu\u02c8d\u0292\u025b\u02d0njo \u02c8skalfari]; born 6 April 1924 in Civitavecchia) is an Italian journalist, editor of the news magazine L'espresso (1963\u20131968), former member of parliament in the Italian Chamber of Deputies (1968\u20131972), co-founder of the newspaper La Repubblica and its editor from 1976 to 1996. In 2018, he wrote an article related to his interview with Pope Francis stating that the pontiff made claims that hell did not exist.", "Q152368": "Beit She'an (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05d0\u05b8\u05df Beth \u0160\u0259\u0101n ), also and Beisan (Arabic: \u0628\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200e Bis\u0101n ), and historically known as Scythopolis is a city in the Northern District of Israel, which has played an important role in history due to its geographical location at the junction of the Jordan River Valley and the Jezreel Valley. In the Biblical account of the battle of the Israelites against the Philistines on Mount Gilboa, the bodies of King Saul and three of his sons were hung on the walls of Beit She'an (1 Samuel 31:10-12). In Roman times, Beit She'an was the leading city of the Decapolis, a league of pagan cities. In modern times, Beit She'an serves as a regional centre for the settlements in the Beit She'an Valley.\nThe ancient city ruins are now protected within the Beit She'an National Park.", "Q1791369": "Jos\u00e9 Ephim Mindlin (September 8, 1914 \u2013 February 28, 2010) was a Brazilian lawyer, businessperson and bibliophile, born to Ukrainian Jewish parents from Odessa.", "Q60334": "Philipp Bouhler (11 September 1899 \u2013 19 May 1945) was a German senior Nazi Party functionary who was both a Reichsleiter (National Leader) and Chief of the Chancellery of the F\u00fchrer of the NSDAP. He was also the SS official responsible for the Aktion T4 euthanasia program that killed more than 250,000 disabled adults and children in Nazi Germany, as well as co-initiator of Aktion 14f13, also called \"Sonderbehandlung\" (\"special treatment\"), that killed 15,000\u201320,000 concentration camp prisoners. \nBouhler was arrested on 10 May 1945 by American troops. He committed suicide on 19 May 1945 while in the U.S. internment camp at Zell am See in Austria.", "Q879793": "Michael Hoenig (born 4 January 1952) is a German composer who has composed music for several films and games, in addition to two solo albums, including the highly acclaimed 1978 album Departure from the Northern Wasteland. In 1997, he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Main Title Theme Music for composing the theme to the science fiction series Dark Skies.", "Q201788": "A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past, and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is concerned with events preceding written history, the individual is a historian of prehistory. Some historians are recognized by publications or training and experience. \"Historian\" became a professional occupation in the late nineteenth century as research universities were emerging in Germany and elsewhere.", "Q29052": "Vanderbilt University (informally Vandy or VU) is a private research university in Nashville, Tennessee. Founded in 1873, it was named in honor of New York shipping and rail magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, who provided the school its initial $1-million endowment despite having never been to the South. Vanderbilt hoped that his gift and the greater work of the university would help to heal the sectional wounds inflicted by the Civil War.Vanderbilt enrolls approximately 13,100 students from all 50 U.S. states and over 100 foreign countries in four undergraduate and six graduate and professional schools. The university is in the process of converting its residence halls into an academic residential college system. Several research centers and institutes are affiliated with the university, including the Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities, the Freedom Forum First Amendment Center, and Dyer Observatory. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, formerly part of the university, became a separate institution in 2016. With the exception of the off-campus observatory, all of the university's facilities are situated on its 330-acre (1.3 km2) campus in the heart of Nashville, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from downtown. Despite its urban surroundings, the campus itself is a national arboretum and features over 300 different species of trees and shrubs.\nThe Fugitives and Southern Agrarians were based at the university in the first half of the 20th century and helped revive Southern literature among others. The Jean and Alexander Heard Library, the campus library system, contains over 8 million items across ten libraries and stands as one of the nation's top research libraries. Vanderbilt Television News Archive holds the most extensive collection of television news coverage in the world, with over 40,000 hours of content. BioVU, Vanderbilt's DNA databank, is one of the largest of its kind in the world, running over 200 ongoing projects and holding over 225,000 samples. Additionally, Vanderbilt's Institute for Space and Defense Electronics, the largest of its type in the world, provides integral support to several companies, agencies, and governmental units, including Boeing, NASA, and the United States Department of Defense.Vanderbilt has many distinguished alumni and affiliates, including 45 current and former members of the United States Congress, 17 U.S. Ambassadors, 14 governors, ten billionaires, seven Nobel Prize laureates, two Vice Presidents of the United States, and two U.S. Supreme Court Justices. Other notable alumni include Rhodes Scholars, Pulitzer Prize winners, Academy Award winners, Grammy Award winners, MacArthur Fellows, CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, heads of state and other leaders in foreign government, academics, musicians, professional athletes, and Olympians. Vanderbilt has more than 145,000 alumni, with 40 alumni clubs established worldwide.Vanderbilt is a founding member of the Southeastern Conference and has been the conference's only private school for a half-century.\n\n", "Q784213": "Katarzyna Ewa Zdanowicz-Cyganiak (n\u00e9e Zdanowicz) (born in 1979) is a Polish poet and journalist. Author of poetry volumes Improwizacje i nie tylko (Improvisations and Not Only Those), Poznajmy si\u0119 (Let's Get Acquainted), Kolekcjonerka (The She-collector), Szkliwo (Enamel), Jak umieraj\u0105 ma\u0142e dziewczynki? (How Do Little Girls Die?) and deadline. In 2004 she wrote a scholarly book about Maria Komornicka Kto si\u0119 boi Marii K.? Sztuka i wykluczenie (Who Is Afraid of Maria K.? Art and Exclusion). Her newest publication is the 30 September 2007 collection of 41 new poems in Polish titled deadline. As opposed to her earlier works, published under the authorship of Katarzyna Ewa Zdanowicz, this one was published under her married name as Katarzyna Zdanowicz-Cyganiak.\nSome of her poems have been translated into English by Marek \u0141ugowski and circulated and discussed on Usenet's rec.arts.poems. Her prepared 40-poem English-language debut is still awaiting a publisher.", "Q3015339": "Danish Americans (Danish: Dansk-amerikanere) are Americans who have ancestral roots originated fully or partially from Denmark. There are approximately 1,300,000 Americans of Danish origin or descent.", "Q69476": "La Neuveville (German: Neuenstadt) is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).", "Q230555": "Gene Eliza Tierney (November 19, 1920 \u2013 November 6, 1991) was an American film and stage actress. Acclaimed as a great beauty, she became established as a leading lady. Tierney was best known for her portrayal of the title character in the film Laura (1944), and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Ellen Berent Harland in Leave Her to Heaven (1945).Tierney's other roles include Martha Strable Van Cleve in Heaven Can Wait (1943), Isabel Bradley Maturin in The Razor's Edge (1946), Lucy Muir in The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947), Ann Sutton in Whirlpool (1949), Maggie Carleton McNulty in The Mating Season (1951), and Anne Scott in The Left Hand of God (1955).", "Q66745": "Corinne Hofmann is a German born author living in Switzerland, most famous for her multi-million selling memoir Die weisse Massai (The White Masai).", "Q1341817": "Jerry Coker (born November 28, 1932) is an American jazz saxophonist and pedagogue.\nCoker was born in South Bend, Indiana. He attended Indiana University in the early 1950s, but left school to become a member of Woody Herman's Herd. He recorded under his own name in the mid-1950s and as a sideman with Nat Pierce, Dick Collins, and Mel Lewis; later that decade he played with Stan Kenton. In 1960 he began teaching and increasingly turned to music education and composition. He has taught at Duke University, University of Miami, North Texas State University, and started the Studio Music and Jazz program at the University of Tennessee, where he was a professor of music from the 1980s through the 2000s.", "Q710466": "Mirwais Ahmadza\u00ef (born 23 October 1960), commonly known by his stage name Mirwais, is a French record producer and songwriter. He was born in Switzerland to an Afghan father and an Italian mother. He is a leader in the French electronic dance music scene. A member of the defunct 1980s group Taxi Girl, he met Madonna in the late 1990s, when he submitted a demo to her then record label, Maverick Records.\n\n", "Q4885859": "Benjamin Abraham Horowitz (born June 13, 1966) is an American businessman, investor, blogger, and author. He is a technology entrepreneur and co-founder along with Marc Andreessen of the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz. He previously co-founded and served as president and chief executive officer of the enterprise software company Opsware, which Hewlett-Packard acquired in 2007. Horowitz is the author of The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers, a book about startups, and What You Do Is Who You Are: How to Create Your Business Culture.", "Q66023": "Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster (1869\u20131966) was a German academic, educationist, pacifist and philosopher, known for his public opposition to Nazism. His works primarily dealt with the development of ethics through education, sexology, politics and international law.", "Q1406913": "Lambton County is a county in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. It is bordered on the north by Lake Huron, which is drained by the St. Clair River, the county's western border and part of the Canada-United States border. To the south is Lake Saint Clair and Chatham-Kent, another county in Ontario. Lambton County's northeastern border follows the Ausable River and Parkhill Creek north until it reaches Lake Huron at the beach community of Grand Bend. The county seat is in the Town of Plympton-Wyoming.\nThe largest city in Lambton County is Sarnia, which is located at the mouth of the St. Clair River. The two Blue Water Bridges cross the river at Sarnia, connecting it to Port Huron, Michigan. The bridges are one of the busiest border crossings between the two countries. The river is also traversed by two passenger ferries further south, and a rail tunnel, also at Sarnia, runs underneath it. The CN rail tunnel accommodates double stacked rail cars. Along with Sarnia, the population centres in Lambton County are: Corunna, Petrolia, Grand Bend, Wyoming, Forest, and Watford.\nLambton County started as a part of the District of Hesse. The district of Hesse included British territories west of Long Point (practically all of western Ontario). The district was later divided and renamed using English district names (Essex, Suffolk, Kent, etc.). Lambton was part of Kent county. In 1849 districts were abolished and the County of Lambton was formed. Lambton and Kent first shared the capital city of Sandwich (since renamed as Windsor, Ontario). In 1852 the partnership was dissolved and Lambton become a full county. It is named in honour of John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham, who visited the area in the late 1830s.", "Q20076": "Limbach-Oberfrohna is a town in the district of Zwickau in the German Free State of Saxony.", "Q102239": "Heidrun Gerzymisch (8 May 1944) is a German Translation scholar and emeritus professor at Saarland University in Saarbr\u00fccken, where she held the Chair for \"English Linguistics and Translation Science\" from 1993 to 2009. She is in 2014 responsible for the international PhD prep school \"MuTra\" at Saarland University\u2019s Graduate Center GradUS and lectures Translation at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW).", "Q4932639": "Robert D. Haas (born 1942) is the Chairman Emeritus of Levi Strauss & Co., son of Walter A. Haas Jr., and the great-great-grandnephew of the company's founder, Levi Strauss.", "Q655648": "Boys Like Girls is an American rock band from Boston, Massachusetts. Formed in 2005, the group gained mainstream recognition when it released its self-titled debut album which went on to sell over 700,000 albums in the United States earning a Gold Record from the RIAA. The group's second studio album Love Drunk, was released on September 8, 2009 and their third album Crazy World, was released December 11, 2012.\nBoys Like Girls toured worldwide between 2006 and 2013. Notable tours include their main stage appearance on the entire 2007 Vans Warped Tour, their first headline tour \"Tourzilla\" (2007) and a co-headliner with Good Charlotte for the Soundtrack of Your Summer Tour 2008.The music video for their single \"The Great Escape\" (directed by Alan Ferguson) was voted the N. 1 video on MTV's TRL on August 6, 2007 and the band performed at MTV's TRL studio overlooking Times Square.", "Q125686": "Jonathan David Samuel Jones (October 7, 1911 \u2013 September 3, 1985) was an American jazz drummer. A band leader and pioneer in jazz percussion, Jones anchored the Count Basie Orchestra rhythm section from 1934 to 1948. He was sometimes known as Papa Jo Jones to distinguish him from younger drummer Philly Joe Jones.", "Q60452": "Wolfgang Wagner (30 August 1919 \u2013 21 March 2010) was a German opera director. He is best known as the director (Festspielleiter) of the Bayreuth Festival, a position he initially assumed alongside his brother Wieland in 1951 until the latter's death in 1966. From then on, he assumed total control until he retired in 2008, although many of the productions which he commissioned were severely criticized in their day. He had been plagued by family conflicts and criticism for many years. He was the son of Siegfried Wagner, the grandson of Richard Wagner, and the great-grandson of Franz Liszt.", "Q680061": "Konvict Muzik is a record label founded by R&B singer Akon. Other than Akon, popular artists such as T-Pain, Kardinal Offishall, Kat DeLuna, Red Cafe, Dolla and Verse Simmonds have signed in the past or are still present on the label. At the beginning of most Konvict Muzik artists' songs there is the sound of the clank of a jail cell, followed by Akon uttering \"Konvict\". Akon started his own label after the success of his debut album. Akon has signed a deal with Columbia Records and Epic Records for new artists signed to Konvict.\nFotemah Mba held the executive position of Vice President of A&R for the label.\nAkon has signed Nigerian artistes: P-Square, Tuface, and Wizkid as representatives of his record label Konvict Muzik in Africa. He revealed this in December 2011 in Lagos at the unveiling of Cintron energy drink, which took place in footballer Jay Jay Okocha's club Number 10.", "Q810043": "Sir Basil Ferdinand Jamieson Schonland OMG CBE FRS (2 February 1896 \u2013 24 November 1972) was noted for his research on lightning, his involvement in the development of radar during World War II and for being the first president of the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.", "Q61994": "Wolfgang Hohlbein (born 15 August 1953 in Weimar, Bezirk Erfurt) is a German writer of science fiction, fantasy and horror fiction who lives near Neuss, North Rhine-Westphalia. His wife, Heike Hohlbein, is also a writer and often works with her husband. With more than 200 published books and more than 43 million sold copies he is considered among the most successful German writers in the fantasy genre.", "Q706204": "Caleb Davis Bradham (May 27, 1867 \u2013 February 19, 1934) was an American pharmacist, best known as the inventor of soft drink Pepsi.", "Q118261": "Wolfgang Thonke (December 28, 1938 \u2013 January 22, 2019), was a journalist, graduated military scientist, major general, and was the last Deputy Commanding General (A3) of the National People's Army Air Force in the former German Democratic Republic. He was a military aviator/fighter pilot of \u201cperformance level I\u201d (highest level) with more than 1,500 flight hours.", "Q2942050": "Catherine Marcelle Reitman (born April 28, 1981) is an American-Canadian actress, producer and writer. She is the creator, executive producer, writer and star of the CBC comedy series Workin' Moms.", "Q370165": "Dream was an American pop girl group, which was active in 1998\u20132003 and 2015\u20132016. Their biggest success came in 2000 with their track, \"He Loves U Not\", a transatlantic hit single. On May 29, 2015, the original members of Dream announced via Twitter that they would be making a comeback with new music. On October 5, 2016 Ashley Poole announced via Snapchat and Facebook that Dream had once again disbanded.", "Q326323": "Shane Rangi (born 3 February 1969) is a New Zealand actor from Ngati Porou.\nRangi has played many characters in The Chronicles of Narnia film series. In The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe he played General Otmin, general of the White Witch's army, and the centaur that blows a horn as the Pevensie children enter Aslan's camp. In Prince Caspian, he played the werewolf, Asterius the Minotaur, the Wild Bear and the Physical Aslan. In the movie Voyager of the Dawn Treader he plays Tavros the Minotaur.\nShane also appears in the miniseries Spartacus: Gods of the Arena as Dagan \u2013 a gladiatorial Syrian recruit.", "Q379627": "Noe Zhordania (Georgian: \u10dc\u10dd\u10d4 \u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 /n\u0254\u025b \u0292\u0254rd\u0251ni\u0251/; Russian: \u041d\u043e\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0416\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0438\u044f; born January 14 [O.S. 2 January] 1868 (or 21 March [O.S. 9 March] 1869) \u2014 January 11, 1953) was a Georgian journalist and Menshevik politician. He played an eminent role in the socialist revolutionary movement in the Russian Empire, and later chaired the government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia from July 24, 1918 until March 18, 1921, when the Bolshevik Russian Red Army invasion of Georgia forced him into exile to France. There Zhordania led the government-in-exile until his death in 1953.\n\n", "Q1391820": "Vincent James Turner (born 9 October 1985), better known by his stage name Frankmusik (and between 2011 and 2012, by the name Vincent Did It), is an English synth-pop musician.", "Q1207856": "Harmonia Mundi is an independent record label which specializes in classical music, jazz, and world music (on the World Village label). It was founded in France in 1958 and is now a subsidiary of PIAS Entertainment Group.Its Latin name harmonia mundi translates as \"harmony of the world\".", "Q149990": "The University of Rochester (U of R , UR, or Rochester) is a private research university in Rochester, New York. The university grants undergraduate and graduate degrees, including doctoral and professional degrees.\nThe University of Rochester enrolls approximately 6,800 undergraduates and 5,000 graduate students. Its 158 buildings house over 200 academic majors. Additionally, the university is the largest employer in the Greater Rochester area and the 6th largest employer in New York. According to the National Science Foundation ranking of total research and development expenditures, the University of Rochester spent $346 million on R&D in 2016, the 66th highest figure, nationally.The College of Arts, Sciences, and Engineering is home to departments and divisions of note. The Institute of Optics was founded in 1929 through a grant from Eastman Kodak and Bausch and Lomb as the first educational program in the US devoted exclusively to optics, awards approximately half of all optics degrees nationwide, and is widely regarded as the premier optics program in the nation. The Departments of Political Science and Economics have made a significant and consistent impact on positivist social science since the 1960s, and historically rank in the top 5 in their fields. The Department of Chemistry is noted for its contributions to synthetic organic chemistry, including the first lab based synthesis of morphine. The Rossell Hope Robbins Library serves as the university's resource for Old and Middle English texts and expertise. The university is also home to Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics, a US Department of Energy supported national laboratory.The University of Rochester's Eastman School of Music ranks first among undergraduate music schools in the U.S. The Sibley Music Library at Eastman is the largest academic music library in North America and holds the third largest collection in the United States.In its history, 7 university alumni, 4 faculty, and 1 senior research associate have been awarded Nobel Prizes; 32 faculty serve in the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; 12 alumni and faculty members have won a Pulitzer Prize, and 20 faculty members have been awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.", "Q707132": "Richard Stephen Robbins (December 4, 1940 \u2013 November 7, 2012) was an American-born composer, best known for his motion picture scores for the Merchant Ivory films.\nRobbins was born in South Weymouth, Massachusetts. In November 2012, he died of Parkinson's disease at the age of 71. He died at his home in New York.", "Q69338": "Erwin Teufel (born 4 September 1939 in Zimmern ob Rottweil) is a German politician of the CDU.", "Q1166592": "Darrell Edward Issa (; born November 1, 1953) is an American businessman and Republican politician. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 2001 to 2019, representing districts primarily covering north San Diego County, California. From January 2011 to January 2015, he served as Chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee.\nIssa served as CEO of Directed Electronics, which he co-founded in 1982. It is currently one of the largest makers of automobile aftermarket security and convenience products in the United States. With a net worth of approximately $250 million, Issa during his tenure was the wealthiest serving member of Congress.Issa announced on January 10, 2018, that he would not seek reelection for his House seat. Democrat Mike Levin was elected on November 6, 2018, to become the district's next representative. On September 19, 2018, President Donald Trump nominated Issa to be Director of the United States Trade and Development Agency.On September 26, 2019, Issa announced that he was running for California's 50th congressional district in the 2020 election. In the March 3, 2020 primary he came in second and will face a runoff election in November, as of March 6, 2020.", "Q180560": "Philip Seymour Hoffman (July 23, 1967 \u2013 February 2, 2014) was an American actor, director, and producer. Known for playing distinctive supporting and character roles, Hoffman acted in many movies from the early 1990s until his death in 2014.\nDrawn to theater as a teenager, Hoffman studied acting at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. He began his screen career in a 1991 episode of Law & Order and started to appear in films in 1992. He gained recognition for his supporting work, notably in Scent of a Woman (1992), Twister (1996), Boogie Nights (1997), Happiness (1998), Patch Adams (1998), The Big Lebowski (1998), Magnolia (1999), The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), Almost Famous (2000), Punch-Drunk Love (2002) and Along Came Polly (2004). He began to occasionally play leading roles, and for his portrayal of the author Truman Capote in Capote (2005), won multiple accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Actor. Hoffman's profile continued to grow and he received three more Oscar nominations for his supporting work as a brutally frank CIA officer in Charlie Wilson's War (2007), a priest accused of pedophilia in Doubt (2008), and the charismatic leader of a Scientology-type movement in The Master (2012).\nWhile he mainly worked in independent films, including The Savages (2007) and Synecdoche, New York (2008), Hoffman also appeared in Flawless (1999), and Hollywood blockbusters such as Twister (1996), Mission: Impossible III (2006), and in one of his final roles, as Plutarch Heavensbee in the Hunger Games series (2013\u201315). The feature Jack Goes Boating (2010) marked his debut as a filmmaker. Hoffman was also an accomplished theater actor and director. He joined the off-Broadway LAByrinth Theater Company in 1995, where he directed, produced, and appeared in numerous stage productions. His performances in three Broadway plays\u2014True West in 2000, Long Day's Journey into Night in 2003, and Death of a Salesman in 2012\u2014all led to Tony Award nominations.\nHoffman struggled with drug addiction as a young adult and relapsed in 2013 after many years of abstinence. In February 2014, he died of combined drug intoxication. Remembered for his fearlessness in playing reprehensible characters, and for bringing depth and humanity to such roles, Hoffman was described in his New York Times obituary as \"perhaps the most ambitious and widely admired American actor of his generation\".", "Q1341181": "Michael Christopher \"Mike\" Fuentes (born December 14, 1984 in San Diego) is an American musician from San Diego, California. He is best known as the former drummer for the post-hardcore band Pierce the Veil alongside his older brother Vic Fuentes. Fuentes was the percussionist for the supergroup Isles & Glaciers. He has more recently began a hip hop solo project under the stage name MikeyWhiskeyHands in which he raps on instrumentals produced by Pierce the Veil's bassist Jaime Preciado. Fuentes signed to Velocity Records in March 2012. Both brothers attended Mission Bay Senior High School. Mike graduated with the Class of 2003, where he was also voted \"Most Likely To Be Famous\" in the yearbook that year.", "Q3360736": "Haldor Frederik Axel Tops\u00f8e (24 May 1913 \u2013 20 May 2013) was a Danish engineer and founder and Chairman of the catalysis company Haldor Tops\u00f8e. He was grandson of the chemist and crystallographer Haldor Tops\u00f8e (1842\u20131935), after whom he is named.", "Q67315": "Gams is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Werdenberg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q70669": "Mundaun is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden, Switzerland. It was formed on 1 January 2009 through the merger of Flond and Surcuolm. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Obersaxen and Mundaun merged to form the new municipality of Obersaxen Mundaun.", "Q186111": "Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Persian: \u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e, romanized: Akbar H\u0101shem\u012b Rafsanj\u0101n\u012b, pronounced [\u00e6k\u02c8b\u00e6\u027e h\u0252\u02d0\u0283e\u02c8mi\u02d0 \u027e\u00e6fs\u00e6nd\u0292\u0252\u02d0\u02c8ni\u02d0] (listen) or Hashemi Bahramani, also known as Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani; 25 August 1934 \u2013 8 January 2017) was an influential Iranian politician, writer and one of the founding fathers of the Islamic Republic who was the fourth President of Iran from 3 August 1989 until 3 August 1997. He was the head of the Assembly of Experts from 2007 until 2011, when he decided not to nominate himself for the post. He was also the chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council.\nDuring his 40-year tenure, Rafsanjani amassed a large amount of power serving as the speaker of parliament, Commander-in-Chief during the Iran Iraq War, President, and chose Ali Khamenei as the supreme leader of Iran. His powerful role and control over Iranian politics earned him the name \"Akbar Shah\".Rafsanjani became president of Iran after winning the 1989 election. He served another term by winning the election in 1993. In the 2005 election he ran for a third term in office, placing first in the first round of elections but ultimately losing to rival Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in the run-off. He and his family faced political isolation for their support of the opposition in 2009. Rafsanjani entered the race for the 2013 presidential election, but he was disqualified by the Guardian Council. With Hassan Rouhani's election, in which Rafsanjani openly supported him, the Rafsanjani family gradually recovered their political reputation. Rafsanjani died on 8 January 2017, following a heart attack, in a hospital in Tehran at the age of 82. Although government officials attributed his death to cardiac arrest, his sudden death prompted speculation that he had been assassinated. His family strongly asserted that he had been murdered. Further investigation revealed that his body was highly radioactive.Rafsanjani has been described as a pragmatic Islamic conservative. The Economist called him a \"veteran kingmaker\". He supported a free market position domestically, favoring privatization of state-owned industries and a moderate position internationally, seeking to avoid conflict with the United States and the West. He was also the founder of, and one of the Board of Trustees of, Azad University. In 2003, Forbes estimated his personal wealth to be in excess of US$1 billion.\n\n", "Q149760": "Ahmed Subhy Mansour (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u200e; born March 1, 1949) is an Egyptian American activist, whose website describes him as an Islamic scholar with expertise in Islamic history, culture, theology, and politics. He founded a small Egyptian Quranist group that is neither Sunni nor Shia, was exiled from Egypt, and lives in the United States as a political refugee.Mansour was an advocate for democracy and human rights in Egypt for many years, during which time he was isolated by Islamic extremist clerics and persecuted by the government. He was arrested and served time in prison for his liberal political, religious, and social views.In May 1985, Mansour was discharged from his teaching and research position due to his liberal views, which were not acceptable to the religious authorities who controlled much of university policies and programs.Mansour sought and was granted political asylum in the United States in 2002. He has served as a visiting fellow at the National Endowment for Democracy, and at the Human Rights Program at Harvard Law School.Sheikh Mansour was fired from Al-Azhar University after expressing his hadith rejector views. One of Mansour's fellow Islamic scholars at Al Azhar University Sheik Jamal Tahir took up the same Quran alone stance.", "Q3103567": "Georges Troisfontaines (French: [t\u0281w\u0251f\u0254\u0303t\u025bn]; died February 1, 2007) was the founder of the World Press agency, and one of the co-authors of the series Buck Danny.\nAfter his first work for the Franco-Belgian comics magazine Spirou before World War II, in which he published strips in relation to aviation, he created in the 1940s the World Press agency. This Belgian agency provided Spirou magazine with comics, and employed at that time several authors of comics series including Jean Graton, Eddy Paape, Jij\u00e9, Victor Hubinon and Jean-Michel Charlier. Troisfontaines suggested that the latter two artists get associated. Together, Hubinon and Charlier published L\u2019agonie du Bismarck in 1946 and Les Japs attaquent in 1947 in Spirou. The eponymous hero of Buck Danny starts out as an engineer in the air force. Georges Troisfontaines was the scriptwriter of the first thirteen strips, then Charlier took over. In 1996 a trial between Georges Troisfontaines against Charlier's rights took place, which allowed him to be recognized as a co-author of the series.Georges Troisfontaines also made possible the collaboration between Ren\u00e9 Goscinny and Albert Uderzo in 1950, when Goscinny became the leader of the World Press' subsidiary in Paris. He met Uderzo, with whom he created the series Jehan Pistolet, Oumpah-pah and Ast\u00e9rix.In 1956 a grave argument occurred at the World Press. Some comics authors of the agency decided to join together to sign a draft to defend their job. In particular, the authors wanted to retain the rights to their characters. At that time publishers could freely grant the making of a series to any other authors. In the face of this rebellion, Georges Troisfantaines decided to fire Ren\u00e9 Goscinny, seen as the leader of the movement. Jean-Michel Charlier and Uderzo decided to deliberately leave the agency and founded, together with Goscinny, first the competing \u00c9difrance agency, and then the Pilote magazine.", "Q1190562": "VP Records is an independent record label in Queens, New York. The label is known for releasing music by notable artists in reggae, dancehall and soca.\n\n", "Q254789": "Joely Fisher (/d\u0292o\u028a\u02c8li\u02d0/ born October 29, 1967) is an American actress and singer, the daughter of singer Eddie Fisher and actress Connie Stevens. Her breakthrough came in 1994, starring as Paige Clark in the ABC sitcom Ellen, for which she received Golden Globe Award nomination. Fisher later starred in the 1999 comedy film Inspector Gadget and had reading roles in the Lifetime comedy-drama Wild Card (2003-2005), and Fox sitcom 'Til Death (2006-2010).", "Q1154246": "David Marvin Blake (born January 18, 1970), better known by his stage name DJ Quik, is an American rapper, songwriter, DJ and record producer. According to Quik himself, his stage name reflects his ability to produce records in a short period of time. Some of his top songs include \"Tonite\", \"Born and Raised in Compton\" and \"Jus Lyke Compton\".", "Q97794": "Paul Westermeier (9 July 1892 \u2013 17 October 1972) was a German film actor.", "Q9299": "Serbian (\u0441\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0438 / srpski, pronounced [sr\u0329\u0302pski\u02d0]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.\nStandard Serbian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of \u0160umadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs and Montenegrins was issued in 2017. The other dialect spoken by Serbs is Torlakian in southeastern Serbia, which is transitional to Macedonian and Bulgarian.\nSerbian is practically the only European standard language whose speakers are fully functionally digraphic, using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was devised in 1814 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karad\u017ei\u0107, who created it based on phonemic principles. The Serbian Latin alphabet was designed by Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in 1830.", "Q327015": "Baron Anton Antonovich Delvig (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0438\u0433, tr. Ant\u00f3n Ant\u00f3novich D\u00e9l\u02b9vig, IPA: [\u0250n\u02c8ton \u0250n\u02c8ton\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8del\u02b2v\u02b2\u026ak]; German: Anton Antonowitsch Freiherr von Delwig; 17 August [O.S. 6 August] 1798, Moscow \u2013 26 January [O.S. 14 January] 1831, St. Petersburg) was a Russian poet and journalist of Baltic German ethnicity.", "Q109344": "Lewin Louis Aronsohn (18 October 1850 \u2013 1928) was a German banker and liberal politician, a member of the regional parliament of the Province of Posen (Pozna\u0144), the Prussian House of Representatives and the Prussian Constitutional Assembly.\nAronsohn was born in Wissek, Prussian Province of Posen (Wysoka, Poland), he moved to Bromberg (Bydgoszcz), where he co-founded the Bromberg Ship Towing Society and the M. Stadthagen Bank. He became a municipal councillor (1878\u20131890), member of the magistrate of Bromberg (1890\u20131918) and headed the Jewish community from 1881 on. He initiated the construction of the new Synagogue. Aronsohn was elected a member of the regional Parliament of the Province of Posen.In 1903 he was elected a member of the Prussian House of Representatives for the Free-minded People\u2019s Party, he later joined the Progressive People's Party. He criticized the policy of the Prussian Settlement Commission, which bought Polish estates in the Provinces of Posen and West Prussia because this, from his point of view, provided Poles the financial means to settle in towns. In April 1914 he unsuccessfully suggested to use a restrictive clause for the government aid of home ownership in order to exclude Poles from the funding.He was a member and last president (1915-1918) of the Bromberg Chamber of Commerce. In the first decade of the 20th century he supervised a number of important infrastructural projects and controlled the municipal tax administration, gasworks, market, slaughterhouse, water tower, locks, and real estate market. He was responsible for the construction of a modern storage and industrial district at the lower Brahe (Brda). He was a member of the Riflemen\u2019s Association, the Historical Society of the Netze District, and the German Society of Arts and Sciences. Aronsohn financed the Kaiser Wilhelm I monument and the Archer, a sculpture which he unveiled on his 60th birthday and has become one of the symbols of Bydgoszcz.From 1915 on Aronsohn worked in the administration of German-occupied Poland. Aronsohn moved to Berlin in 1918, he opposed the incorporation of Bromberg into Poland. In 1919, he became a member of the Prussian Constitutional Assembly for the German Democratic Party.Aronsohn died in 1928 in Berlin. Today the Villa Aronsohn is the seat of the Municipal Housing Administration in Bydgoszcz.", "Q337206": "Marvin Frederick Hamlisch (June 2, 1944 \u2013 August 6, 2012) was an American composer and conductor. Hamlisch was one of only fifteen people to win Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony awards. This collection of all four is referred to as an \"EGOT\". He is one of only two people (along with composer Richard Rodgers) to have won those four prizes and a Pulitzer Prize (\"PEGOT\").", "Q156898": "Alma Maria Mahler Gropius Werfel (born Alma Margaretha Maria Schindler; 31 August 1879 \u2013 11 December 1964) was a Viennese-born composer, author, editor and socialite. At fifteen, she was mentored by Max Burckhard. Musically active from her early years, she was the composer of at least 17 songs for voice and piano.\nIn her early years, she fell in love with composer and conductor Alexander von Zemlinsky, but their relationship did not last long. She became the wife of composer Gustav Mahler, who did not approve of her continuing to compose music. Eventually she fell into depression from being artistically stifled. While her marriage was struggling, she had an affair with Walter Gropius. Gustav started to encourage Alma's composing and helped prepare some of her compositions for publication, but died soon after this attempted reconciliation in 1911. Alma married Gropius in 1915 and the couple had a daughter together, Manon Gropius. During her marriage to Gropius, Alma had an affair with Franz Werfel. Alma and Werfel were eventually married after Alma separated from Gropius.\nIn 1938, after the Anschluss, Werfel and Alma were forced to flee Austria as it was unsafe for Jews. Eventually the couple settled in Los Angeles. In later years, her salon became part of the artistic scene, first in Vienna, then in Los Angeles and in New York.", "Q65502": "B\u00f6nigen is a village and municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the Swiss canton of Bern. It lies on the shore of Lake Brienz, near to the mouth of the river L\u00fctschine, and adjacent to the resort town of Interlaken.\nB\u00f6nigen belongs to the Small Agglomeration Interlaken with 23,300 inhabitants (2014).B\u00f6nigen belongs to the church parish of Gsteig bei Interlaken, which includes eight other nearby municipalities.", "Q119157": "George Tzavellas, also rendered Giorgos Tzavellas, Yiorgos Tzavellas, or Yorgos Javellas (Greek: \u0393\u03b9\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b6\u03b1\u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2, 1916, Athens \u2013 October 18, 1976), was a Greek film director, screenwriter, and playwright. His filmmaking was particularly influential, with critic Georges Sadoul considering him \"one of the three major postwar Greek directors\" (along with Michael Cacoyannis and Nikos Koundouros).Tzavellas wrote at least 26 plays, in addition to writing the scripts for all of his films. Among his notable films are Marinos Kontaras (1948), the drama O methystakas (1950), and Antigone (1961), a cinematic adaptation of the Sophocles tragedy. His adaptation of Antigone reimagined it in the language of realist cinema, omitting stylized elements of Greek stageplay such as the chorus, and attempting to convey the same information via setting and dialogue. In 1964 he was a member of the jury at the 14th Berlin International Film Festival. His masterpiece, however, is the 1955 film The Counterfeit Coin (I k\u00e1lpiki l\u00edra), a film in four parts, linking the stories of several people through their transactions of a single counterfeit gold coin.", "Q371535": "Skinny Puppy is a Canadian industrial music group formed in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1982. The group is widely considered to be one of the founders of the industrial rock and electro-industrial genres. Initially envisioned as an experimental side project by cEvin Key (Kevin Crompton) while he was in the new wave band Images in Vogue, Skinny Puppy evolved into a full-time project with the addition of vocalist Nivek Ogre (Kevin Ogilvie). \nOver the course of a dozen studio albums and many live tours, Key and Ogre have been the only constant members. Other members have included Dwayne Goettel (1986\u20131995), Dave \"Rave\" Ogilvie (long-time associate, producer, and \"unofficial\" fourth member until 1996), Mark Walk (2003\u2013present), and a number of guests, including Bill Leeb (1985\u20131986, under the pseudonym Wilhelm Schroeder), Al Jourgensen (1989), Danny Carey (2004), and many others.\nAfter the self-release of their first cassette in 1984, Skinny Puppy soon signed to Vancouver label Nettwerk, anchoring its early roster. From their Nettwerk debut EP Remission in 1984 to their 1992 album Last Rights, Skinny Puppy developed into an influential band with a dedicated cult following, fusing elements of industrial, funk,\nnoise, new wave, electro, and rock music and making innovative use of sampling. Over the course of several tours of North America and Europe in this period, they became known for theatrical, horror-themed live performances and videos, drawing attention to issues such as chemical warfare and animal testing.\nIn 1993, Skinny Puppy left Nettwerk and long-time producer Rave, signing with American Recordings and relocating to Malibu, California, where drug problems and tension between band members plagued the recording of their next album, The Process (1996). Ogre quit Skinny Puppy in June 1995, and Goettel died of a heroin overdose two months later. Key and Ogre, already active in a number of other projects, went their separate ways, reuniting for a one-off Skinny Puppy concert at the Doomsday Festival in Dresden, Germany, in 2000. Reforming Skinny Puppy in 2003 with producer Mark Walk, they released their ninth album, The Greater Wrong of the Right (2004), which was followed by the release of the albums Mythmaker (2007) and HanDover (2011). In 2013, they released their twelfth album, Weapon, which was inspired by allegations that their music had been used for torture in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp.", "Q91483": "Ernst Bach (1876-1929) was a German actor and playwright. He became known for his collaborations with Franz Arnold with whom he co-authored the hit play The Spanish Fly in 1913. They went on to become one of the leading playwriting teams in Weimar Germany.", "Q4725984": "Alice Sheets Marriott (October 19, 1907 \u2013 April 17, 2000) was an American entrepreneur and philanthropist. She was married to J. Willard Marriott, founder of the hospitality company Marriott Corp.", "Q106711": "Karl Friedrich Gottlob Wetzel (14 September 1779, Bautzen \u2014 29 July 1819, Bamberg) was a German writer. He studied medicine in Leipzig and Jena, then philosophy.\nFrom 1805 he lived in Dresden. He contributed heavily to Heinrich von Kleist's journal Ph\u00f6bus throughout 1808, and from 1809 he was the editor of the Fr\u00e4nkischen Merkur in Bamberg. Many of his works appeared under pseudonyms such as \"Theophrast\" and \"Ysthamarus\".", "Q1697042": "Stefan Grossman (born April 16, 1945) is an American acoustic fingerstyle guitarist and singer, music producer and educator, and co-founder of Kicking Mule records. He is known for his instructional videos and Vestapol line of videos and DVDs.\n\n", "Q151891": "Rod Blagojevich ( bl\u0259-GOY-\u0259-vitch, born December 10, 1956; nicknamed \"Blago\") is an American former politician who served as the 40th Governor of Illinois from 2003 until his impeachment, conviction, and removal from office in 2009. A lifelong Democrat, Blagojevich was a state representative before being elected to Congress representing parts of Chicago.\nHe was elected governor in 2002, the first Democrat to win the office since Dan Walker's victory 30 years earlier, and won reelection to a second term in 2006. Blagojevich was impeached and removed from office for corruption; he solicited bribes for political appointments, including Barack Obama's vacant U.S. Senate seat after Obama was elected president in 2008. Blagojevich was convicted and sentenced to 14 years in federal prison. President Donald Trump commuted his sentence on February 18, 2020, and after serving almost eight years, the commutation ended his sentence approximately six years early.\n\n", "Q265232": "Alice Taglioni (born 26 July 1976) is a French actress born in Ermont, Val-d'Oise.", "Q15277924": "Sir George Williams University was a university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It merged with Loyola College to create Concordia University on August 24, 1974.", "Q75077": "Helge Limburg (born 25.October 1982 in Hanover) is a German politician of the Green Party. He is the youngest member of the Lower Saxon parliament.", "Q948214": "Necrophobic is a Swedish blackened death metal band.", "Q242855": "Amy Davidson (born September 15, 1979) is an American actress. She is known for playing Kerry Hennessy in the ABC sitcom 8 Simple Rules.", "Q288184": "\u00c9ric Fottorino (born 26 August 1960, in Nice), is a French journalist and writer. He is the winner of the Prix Femina, 2007, for Baisers de cin\u00e9ma. After having been a reporter for the daily newspaper Le Monde, then becoming editor-in-chief and executive editor, he was appointed president of the directory group of the La Vie-Le Monde group in January 2008. He was removed from this latter office in December 2010.", "Q492387": "Spica (Korean: \uc2a4\ud53c\uce74, stylized as SPICA) was a South Korean girl group formed in 2012 under B2M Entertainment. The group consists of Kim Boa, Park Sihyun, Park Narae, Yang Jiwon and Kim Bohyung. Their pre-debut single \"Doggedly\" was released on January 10, 2012, followed by their debut mini-album, Russian Roulette, on February 8, 2012. They officially disbanded on February 6, 2017, though Bohyung has confirmed a possible reunion in the future.\n\n", "Q437049": "Sharon Marley Prendergast (born 23 November 1964) is a Jamaican singer, dancer, and curator. She is the biological daughter of Rita Marley and was adopted by Bob Marley when the two married. She was in the group Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers along with her young sister and brothers. With the group, she has won three Grammy awards.", "Q1905105": "Martin Stratmann (born 20 April 1954 in Essen, Germany) is a German electrochemist and materials scientist. He is one of the directors at the Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Eisenforschung (Max-Planck-Institute for Iron Research) in D\u00fcsseldorf since 2000 and heads its department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering.\nStratman has been president of the Max Planck Society since June 2014 after having been its vice president from 2008 to 2014.", "Q321302": "Adam Krzemi\u0144ski (born 27 January 1945 in Radecznica) is a Polish journalist and commentator, frequently featured on German television and radio, specialized in German-Polish relations and history. Considered as \"one of the leading publicists of Poland\", he has been editor of the Polish weekly Polityka since 1973, has been guest editor of the German weekly Die Zeit and has written for many other international publications. His books include Polen im 20. Jahrhundert: ein historischer Essay (Munich: Beck, 1993).Krzemi\u0144ski was awarded the Goethe Medal in 1993 and the Essay Prize of the Polish P.E.N. Club in 1996. Krzeminski is Chairman of the German-Polish Association.", "Q172090": "Nasif Mois\u00e9s Est\u00e9fano (18 November 1932 \u2013 21 October 1973) was a racing driver from Argentina with Lebanese ancestry. He participated in two World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 7 February 1960, but scored no championship points. He entered the 1962 Italian Grand Prix but failed to qualify. He was born in Concepci\u00f3n, Tucum\u00e1n.\nHe died while driving in a local race in Aimogasta, La Rioja on 21 October 1973. His car suffered a mechanical failure on a fast curve, which caused the car to somersault a number of times. Est\u00e9fano was ejected from the car due to a fault with the safety belts, and was killed almost instantly due to head injuries.", "Q1682329": "Tuskegee University is a private, historically black university in Tuskegee, Alabama. It was established by Lewis Adams and Booker T. Washington. The campus is designated as the Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site by the National Park Service. The university was home to scientist George Washington Carver and to World War II's Tuskegee Airmen.\nTuskegee University offers 40 bachelor's degree programs, 17 master's degree programs, a 5-year accredited professional degree program in architecture, 4 doctoral degree programs, and the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine. The university is home to over 3,100 students from the U.S. and 30 foreign countries. Tuskegee University was ranked 8th among the 2020 U.S. News & World Report best Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs).\nThe university's campus was designed by architect Robert Robinson Taylor, the first African American to graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in conjunction with David Williston, the first professionally trained African-American landscape architect.", "Q2299910": "William Kissam Vanderbilt II (26 October 1878 \u2013 8 January 1944) was a motor racing enthusiast and yachtsman, and a member of the prominent American Vanderbilt family.", "Q77660": "Mike Mareen is a German musician, who was born in post-war West Berlin, West Germany as Uwe-Michael Wischhoff, and grew up in L\u00fcneburg. His first musical success was with the band Cemetery Institution who played at Hamburg's Star-Club. Mareen later became a merchant sailor, a job which eventually took him to New York City where he played with several American groups. Upon his return to Europe, Mareen became involved with the production of Italo disco records. During the 1980s, he had some considerable success, with frequent television appearances in Germany and Eastern Europe. His biggest hits were \"Dancing In The Dark\" (1985) and \"Love Spy\" (1986).", "Q78553": "Ignaz Edler von Born, also known as Ignatius von Born (Hungarian: Born Ign\u00e1c, Romanian: Igna\u021biu von Born, Czech: Ign\u00e1c Born) (26 December 1742 in Alba Iulia, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Habsburg Monarchy \u2013 24 July 1791 in Vienna), was a mineralogist and metallurgist. He was a prominent freemason, being head of Vienna's Illuminati lodge and an influential anti-clerical writer. He was the leading scientist in the Holy Roman Empire during the 1770s in the age of Enlightenment.His interests include mining, mineralogy, palaeontology, chemistry, metallurgy and malacology.", "Q345848": "John Primer (born March 5, 1945, Camden, Mississippi, United States) is an American Chicago blues and electric blues singer and guitarist.", "Q570470": "Franti\u0161ek Sk\u00e1la (born 1956 in Prague) is a Czech sculptor, painter, children's book illustrator, musician, and dancer. He was part of one of the earliest post-modern Czech art groups, known as Tvrdohlav\u00ed (The Stubborn Ones) formed in 1987.", "Q271247": "Naomi Kawase (\u6cb3\u7028\u76f4\u7f8e, Kawase Naomi, born May 30, 1969) is a Japanese film director. She was also known as Naomi Sento (\u4ed9\u982d\u76f4\u7f8e, Sent\u014d Naomi), with her then-husband's surname. Many of her works have been documentaries, including Embracing, about her search for the father who abandoned her as a child, and Katatsumori, about the grandmother who raised her.", "Q238121": "Sheri Moon Zombie (born Sheri Lyn Skurkis; September 26, 1970) is an American actress, model, dancer and fashion designer.", "Q68998": "Manfred Trenz (born November 29, 1965, Saarbr\u00fccken) is a German computer game developer.", "Q858775": "Dartford is the principal town in the Borough of Dartford, Kent, England. It is located 18 miles (29 kilometres) south-east of Central London, and\nis situated adjacent to the London Borough of Bexley to its west. To its north, across the Thames estuary, is Thurrock in Essex, which can be reached via the Dartford Crossing.\nThe town centre lies in a valley through which the River Darent flows, and where the old road from London to Dover crossed: hence the name, from Darent + ford. Dartford became a market town in medieval times and, although today it is principally a commuter town for Greater London, it has a long history of religious, industrial and cultural importance. It is an important rail hub; the main through-road now by-passes the town itself.\nDartford is twinned with Hanau in Germany and Gravelines in France.", "Q261054": "William Woodard Self (born 26 September 1961) is an English author, journalist, political commentator and television personality. He has written eleven novels, five collections of shorter fiction, three novellas, and five collections of non-fiction writing.\nHis 2002 novel Dorian, an Imitation was longlisted for the Man Booker Prize, and his 2012 novel Umbrella was shortlisted. His fiction is known for being satirical, grotesque, and fantastical, and is predominantly set within his home city of London. His writing often explores mental illness, drug abuse and psychiatry.\nSelf is a regular contributor to publications including The Guardian, Harper's, The New York Times and the London Review of Books. He currently writes a column for the New Statesman, and over the years he has been a columnist for the Observer, The Times, and the Evening Standard. His columns for Building Design on the built environment, and for the Independent Magazine on the psychology of place brought him to prominence as a thinker concerned with the politics of urbanism.\nSelf is a regular contributor on British television, initially as a guest on comic panel shows such as Have I Got News for You. In 2002, Self replaced Mark Lamarr on the anarchic BBC comedy panel show Shooting Stars for two series, but was himself replaced by comedian Jack Dee when the programme returned in 2008. He has since appeared on current affairs programmes such as Newsnight and Question Time. Self is contributor to the BBC Radio 4 programme A Point of View, to which he contributes radio essays delivered in his familiar \"lugubrious tones\". In 2013, Self was in talks to become the inaugural BBC Radio 4 Writer-in-Residence, but later backed out of the talks.", "Q912668": "Distorted is a heavy metal band from Bat-Yam, Israel.", "Q172084": "Oscar Alfredo G\u00e1lvez (17 August 1913 \u2013 16 December 1989) was a racing driver from Argentina. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 18 January 1953, in which he scored two championship points.\nHe was a very popular driver, a regular entrant and champion in the Turismo Carretera series, like his brother Juan.\nHe died from pancreatic cancer at the age of 76. The Buenos Aires circuit was renamed with his name.", "Q229038": "Haylie Katherine Duff (born February 19, 1985) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, television host, writer, and fashion designer. She is best known for her roles as Sandy Jameson in the television series 7th Heaven, Amy Sanders in Lizzie McGuire, Summer Wheatley in Napoleon Dynamite, and Annie Nelson in the made-for-television films Love Takes Wing along with its sequel Love Finds a Home. She is also the older sister of American singer and actress Hilary Duff.", "Q236118": "The Southern Cone (Spanish: Cono Sur, Portuguese: Cone Sul) is a geographic and cultural region composed of the southernmost areas of South America, south of the Tropic of Capricorn. Traditionally, it covers Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. In terms of social, economic and political geography, the Southern Cone comprises Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. Sometimes includes Southern Brazil and the state of S\u00e3o Paulo in Brazil. In its broadest definition, taking into account common history and geography, it also includes Paraguay.High life expectancy, the highest Human Development Index of Latin America, high standard of living, low fertility rates, significant participation in the global markets and the emerging economy of its members make the Southern Cone the most prosperous macro-region in Latin America.", "Q31621": "Coenraad Jacob Temminck (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8kunra\u02d0t \u02c8ja\u02d0k\u0254p \u02c8t\u025bm\u026a\u014bk]; 31 March 1778 \u2013 30 January 1858) was a Dutch aristocrat, zoologist, and museum director.", "Q268702": "Mary Somerville (n\u00e9e Fairfax, formerly Greig; 26 December 1780 \u2013 29 November 1872) was a Scottish science writer and polymath. She studied mathematics and astronomy, and was nominated to be jointly the first female member of the Royal Astronomical Society at the same time as Caroline Herschel.\nWhen John Stuart Mill, the philosopher and economist, organised a massive petition to Parliament to give women the right to vote, he had Somerville put her signature first on the petition.\nWhen she died in 1872, The Morning Post declared in her obituary that \"Whatever difficulty we might experience in the middle of the nineteenth century in choosing a king of science, there could be no question whatever as to the queen of science\".Somerville College, a college of the University of Oxford, is named after her, reflecting the virtues of liberalism and academic success which the college wished to embody. She is featured on the front of the Royal Bank of Scotland polymer \u00a310 note launched in 2017, alongside a quote from her work The Connection of the Physical Sciences.", "Q435892": "Luigi Broglio (11 November 1911 \u2013 14 January 2001), was an Italian aerospace engineer, airforce lieutenant colonel and dean of the school of aeronautical engineering at the University of Rome La Sapienza. Known as \"the Italian von Braun\", he is best known as the architect of the San Marco programme which led Italy to be the third country in the world to build and operate its own satellite.\nThe facility he conceived, originally the San Marco Equatorial Range, is now named in his honour as well as the asteroid 18542 Broglio.", "Q221464": "Gilbert Jeremy Gottfried (born February 28, 1955) is an American stand-up comedian, actor and voice actor. Gottfried's persona as a comedian features an exaggerated shrill voice and emphasis on crude humor. His numerous roles in film and television include voicing the parrot Iago in Disney's Aladdin animated films and TV show, Digit in the PBS Kids Go! show Cyberchase, and Kraang Subprime in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. Gottfried was also the voice of the Aflac Duck until 2011. He appeared in the critically panned commercial hit Problem Child in 1990.\nSince 2014, Gottfried has hosted a podcast, Gilbert Gottfried's Amazing Colossal Podcast, which features new episodes each week featuring discussions of classic movies and celebrity interviews, most often with veteran actors, comedians, musicians and comedy writers. Gilbert, a documentary film on Gottfried's life and career, was released in 2017.\n\n", "Q3978": "Dormagen (Ripuarian: Dormaje) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany in the Rhein-Kreis Neuss.", "Q1367152": "Pascal Paul Vincent Comelade (born 30 June 1955), is a French musician.\nComelade was born in Montpellier, France. After living for several years in Barcelona, he made his first album, Fluence, influenced by electronic music and by the group Heldon.\nSubsequently, his music has become more acoustic and is characterised by the sounds of toy instruments, used as solo-instruments and as an integral part of the sound of his group, the Bel Canto Orquestra. In 2007 he did a Take-Away Show acoustic video session shot by Vincent Moon.\nHe has collaborated with many singers and musicians from diverse genres of music including Robert Wyatt, Dani, Faust, Christophe Miossec, Toti Soler, Jac Berrocal, Pierre Bastien and P.J. Harvey to mention just a few.", "Q490584": "Flint is the largest city and seat of Genesee County, Michigan, United States. Located along the Flint River, 66 miles (106 km) northwest of Detroit, it is a principal city within the region known as Mid Michigan. According to the 2010 census, Flint has a population of 102,434, making it the seventh largest city in Michigan. The Flint metropolitan area is located entirely within Genesee County. It is the fourth largest metropolitan area in Michigan with a population of 425,790 in 2010. The city was incorporated in 1855.\nFlint was founded as a village by fur trader Jacob Smith in 1819 and became a major lumbering area on the historic Saginaw Trail during the 19th century. From the late 19th century to the mid 20th century, the city was a leading manufacturer of carriages and later automobiles, earning it the nickname \"Vehicle City\". General Motors (GM) was founded in Flint in 1908, and the city grew into an automobile manufacturing powerhouse for GM's Buick and Chevrolet divisions, especially after World War II up until the early 1980s recession. Flint was also the home of the Flint Sit-Down Strike of 1936\u201337 that played a vital role in the formation of the United Automobile Workers.\nSince the late 1960s, Flint has faced several crises. The city sank into a deep economic depression after GM significantly downsized its workforce in the area from a 1978 high of 80,000 to under 8,000 by 2010. From 1960 to 2010, the population of the city nearly halved from 196,940 to 102,434. In the mid-2000s, Flint became known for its high crime rates and has repeatedly been ranked among the most dangerous cities in the United States. The city was under a state of financial emergency from 2002\u20132004 and again from 2011\u20132015. Since 2014, the city has faced a major public health emergency due to lead contamination in the local water supply that has affected thousands of residents, as well as an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease due to tainted water.", "Q312904": "Fulk (Latin: Fulco, French: Foulque or Foulques; c. 1089/92 \u2013 13 November 1143), also known as Fulk the Younger, was the Count of Anjou (as Fulk V) from 1109 to 1129 and the King of Jerusalem from 1131 to his death. During his reign, the Kingdom of Jerusalem reached its largest territorial extent.", "Q7660036": "The University of Sydney School of Medicine, also known as Sydney Medical School (SMS) is the graduate medical school of the University of Sydney. Established in 1856, it is the first medical school in Australia. In 2018, SMS was ranked 18th in the world and second in Australia in the 2018 QS Subject Rankings. On 30 April 2018 Sydney Medical School joined the newly formed Faculty of Medicine and Health at the University of Sydney\nThe School has a large and diverse faculty to support its missions in education, research, and health care. Each year, it has over 1,100 medical students and 2,000 postgraduate students undertaking coursework and research-training programs.", "Q150543": "Alexander Dub\u010dek (Slovak pronunciation: [\u02c8al\u025bksand\u025br \u02c8dupt\u0283\u025bk]; 27 November 1921 \u2013 7 November 1992) was a Czechoslovak and Slovak politician who served as the First Secretary of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KS\u010c) (de facto leader of Czechoslovakia) from January 1968 to April 1969. He attempted to reform the communist government during the Prague Spring but was forced to resign following the Warsaw Pact invasion in August 1968.\nDuring his leadership, under the slogan \"Socialism with a human face\", Czechoslovakia lifted censorship on the media and liberalized Czechoslovak society, fuelling the so-called New Wave in Czechoslovak filmography. However, he was put under pressure by Stalinist voices inside the party as well as the Soviet leadership, who disliked the direction the country was taking and feared that Czechoslovakia could loosen ties with the Soviet Union and become more westernized. As a result, the country was invaded by the other Warsaw Pact countries on 20\u201321 August 1968, effectively ending the process known as the Prague Spring. Dub\u010dek resigned in April 1969 and was succeeded by Gust\u00e1v Hus\u00e1k, who initiated normalization. Dub\u010dek was then expelled from the Communist Party in 1970.\nLater, after the overthrow of the communist regime in 1989, he was Chairman of the federal Czechoslovak parliament. Also in 1989, the European Parliament awarded Dub\u010dek the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought.", "Q512587": "Isabella Ginor (\u0418\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0413\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0440, \u05d0\u05d9\u05d6\u05d1\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8) is an Israeli journalist and an analyst on post-Soviet affairs.", "Q262549": "Frederica Alexandrina Sagor Maas (; July 6, 1900 \u2013 January 5, 2012) was an American dramatist and playwright, screenwriter, memoirist, and author, \nthe youngest daughter of Jewish immigrants from Russia. As an essayist, Maas was best known for a detailed, tell-all memoir of her time spent in early Hollywood. A supercentenarian, she was one of the oldest surviving entertainers from the silent film era.", "Q90951": "Veronika Aryana Neugebauer (November 27, 1968 \u2013 October 11, 2009) was a German actress and voice actress.", "Q75063": "Ya\u015far Yak\u0131\u015f (born 1938, Ak\u00e7akoca, Turkey) is a Turkish politician. He is a former Foreign Minister, and a former ambassador to the UN Office in Vienna, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. From 2002 to 2011 he represented D\u00fczce as an MP in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. He is a member of the Justice and Development Party, the leading political party in Turkey at the moment and he is the chair of the European Union Harmonization Committee of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. He received the French L\u00e9gion d'Honneur (Officier Medal on December 2, 2009)", "Q33036": "Demetrios \"Demetri\" Dollis (Greek: \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2) (born 19 May 1956) is a former Australian politician of Greek descent and a former Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs of Greece under the Cabinets of George Papandreou and Coalition Cabinet of Lucas Papademos. He was a Labor member for Richmond in the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1988 to 1999, and Victorian Deputy Leader of the Opposition from 1994 to 1997.\n\n", "Q586494": "Antoine Jay (20 October 1770, Gu\u00eetres \u2013 9 April 1854, Courgeac) was a French writer, journalist, historian and politician.", "Q34981": "Isaac Asimov (; c.\u2009 January 2, 1920 \u2013 April 6, 1992) was an American writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University. He was known for his works of science fiction and popular science. Asimov was a prolific writer who wrote or edited more than 500 books and an estimated 90,000 letters and postcards.Asimov wrote hard science fiction. Along with Robert A. Heinlein and Arthur C. Clarke, Asimov was considered one of the \"Big Three\" science fiction writers during his lifetime. Asimov's most famous work is the \"Foundation\" series, the first three books of which won the one-time Hugo Award for \"Best All-Time Series\" in 1966. His other major series are the \"Galactic Empire\" series and the Robot series. The Galactic Empire novels are set in earlier history of the same fictional universe as the Foundation series. Later, with Foundation and Earth (1986), he linked this distant future to the Robot stories, creating a unified \"future history\" for his stories much like those pioneered by Robert A. Heinlein and previously produced by Cordwainer Smith and Poul Anderson. He also wrote hundreds of short stories, including the social science fiction novelette \"Nightfall\", which in 1964 was voted the best short science fiction story of all time by the Science Fiction Writers of America. Asimov wrote the Lucky Starr series of juvenile science-fiction novels using the pen name Paul French.Asimov also wrote mysteries and fantasy, as well as much nonfiction. Most of his popular science books explain concepts in a historical way, going as far back as possible to a time when the science in question was at its simplest stage. Examples include Guide to Science, the three-volume set Understanding Physics, and Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery. He wrote on numerous other scientific and non-scientific topics, such as chemistry, astronomy, mathematics, history, biblical exegesis, and literary criticism.\nHe was president of the American Humanist Association. The asteroid (5020) Asimov, a crater on the planet Mars, a Brooklyn elementary school, Honda's humanoid robot, ASIMO, and four literary awards are named in his honor.", "Q448851": "Ant\u00f3nio Alves Redol (29 December 1911 \u2013 29 November 1969) was an influential Portuguese neorealist writer.\n\n", "Q110167": "Friedrich Karl Julius Sch\u00fctz (31 May 1779 in Halle an der Saale \u2013 4 September 1844 in Leipzig) was a German historian. He was the son of philologist Christian Gottfried Sch\u00fctz (1747\u20131832).\nHe studied history at the universities of Jena, Erlangen and G\u00f6ttingen, obtaining his habilitation in 1801 at Jena. From 1804 onward, he was an associate professor of philosophy at the University of Halle. He was the husband of actress Henriette Hendel-Sch\u00fctz, with whom he accompanied on her theatrical tours \u2014 on occasion he also performed on stage.", "Q21709935": "Source Music (Korean: \uc3d8\uc2a4\ubba4\uc9c1) is a South Korean entertainment company established in 2009 by So Sung-jin. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, and music publishing house. The label is home of the girl group GFriend. In July 2019, the company was acquired by Big Hit Entertainment.", "Q1250932": "Ron Carroll is an American DJ, singer, songwriter and producer. He is primarily known in the house music circuit. Carroll has worked with many of house's most famous producers, including E-Smoove, Maurice Joshua and Bob Sinclar. He has also produced, usually with partner Spero Pagos, for other vocalists or his own songs.", "Q438408": "Dido Sotiriou (n\u00e9e Pappa; alternative spelling: Dido Sotiriu; Greek: \u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce \u03a3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, Turkish: Dido Sotiro\u011flu; 18 February 1909 \u2013 23 September 2004) was a Greek novelist, journalist, and playwright.", "Q543910": "Sabrina Petra Ramet (born June 26, 1949, London) is an American academic, educator, editor and journalist. She was born Pedro Ramet and changed gender in the 1980s, when she became Sabrina Petra Ramet. She specializes in Eastern European history and politics and is a Professor of Political Science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim. In 2008, the historian Dejan Djoki\u0107 referred to her as \"undoubtedly the most prolific scholar of the former Yugoslavia writing in English\".", "Q97780": "Wilfried Klaus is a German television actor best known for playing Kriminalhauptkommissar Horst Schickl in the police procedural SOKO M\u00fcnchen from 1978 to 2008.", "Q450978": "Una Winifred Atwell (27 February or 27 April 1910 or 1914 \u2013 28 February 1983) was a Trinidadian pianist who enjoyed great popularity in Britain and Australia from the 1950s with a series of boogie-woogie and ragtime hits, selling over 20 million records. She was the first black person to have a number-one hit in the UK Singles Chart and is still the only female instrumentalist to do so.", "Q168962": "Torquato Tasso ( TASS-oh, also US: TAH-soh, Italian: [tor\u02c8kwa\u02d0to \u02c8tasso]; 11 March 1544 \u2013 25 April 1595) was an Italian poet of the 16th century, best known for his poem Gerusalemme liberata (Jerusalem Delivered, 1581), in which he depicts a highly imaginative version of the combats between Christians and Muslims at the end of the First Crusade, during the Siege of Jerusalem. Tasso suffered from mental illness and died a few days before he was due to be crowned on the Capitoline Hill as the king of poets by the Pope. His work was widely translated and adapted, and until the beginning of the 20th century, he remained one of the most widely read poets in Europe.", "Q265540": "Alison Margaret Arngrim (born January 18, 1962) is a Canadian-American actress and author. Beginning her television career at the age of twelve, Arngrim is a Young Artist Award\u2013Former Child Star \"Lifetime Achievement\" Award honoree, best known for her portrayal of Nellie Oleson on the NBC television series Little House on the Prairie from 1974 to 1981.", "Q62279": "Bj\u00f6rn Engholm (born 9 November 1939) is a L\u00fcbeck born German SPD politician. He was Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein from 1988 to 1993 and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany between 1991 and 1993.\nEngholm was educated at University of Hamburg. He was elected Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein in 1988, in the wake of the Barschel affair/Waterkantgate: he had been spied on and was a victim of severe defamation (HIV infection, tax evasion, etc.) by the Barschel campaign. The Social Democrats won an impressive 54.2% (up almost 10%) and gained an absolute majority for the first time ever. Engholm served as President of the Bundesrat in 1988/89.\nWhile Engholm was popular with the electorate, he was forced to resign as party leader and Minister-President in 1993 after discrepancies surfaced over the testimonies he gave in the Barschel affair (Schubladenaff\u00e4re, drawer affair). A party official had paid DM 50.000 (kept in a kitchen drawer) to the spy of the Barschel affair to keep the espionage a secret for several weeks, to reveal the scandal on election weekend with a bigger impact and then present Engholm as a victim.\nHe was succeeded by Rudolf Scharping as party chairman and by Heide Simonis as Minister-President.\nHis wife is since 1964 the painter Barbara Engholm (born 1940); they have two daughters.", "Q12946": "Michel Rocard (French: [mi\u0283\u025bl \u0281\u0254ka\u0281]; 23 August 1930 \u2013 2 July 2016) was a French politician and a member of the Socialist Party (PS). He served as Prime Minister under Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand from 1988 to 1991, during which he created the Revenu minimum d'insertion (RMI), a social minimum welfare program for indigents, and achieved the Matignon Accords regarding the status of New Caledonia. He was a member of the European Parliament, and was strongly involved in European policies until 2009. In 2007, he joined a Commission under the authority of Nicolas Sarkozy's Minister of Education, Xavier Darcos.", "Q439716": "Alexandra Silk (born September 19, 1963) is an American pornographic actress, pornographic director and adult model.", "Q23543": "Selena Quintanilla-P\u00e9rez (Spanish: [se\u02c8lena kinta\u02c8ni\u029da \u02c8pe\u027ees]; April 16, 1971 \u2013 March 31, 1995) was an American singer, songwriter, spokesperson, model, actress, and fashion designer. Called the Queen of Tejano music, her contributions to music and fashion made her one of the most celebrated Mexican-American entertainers of the late 20th century. Billboard magazine named her the top-selling Latin artist of the 1990s decade, while her posthumous collaboration with MAC cosmetics became the best-selling celebrity collection in cosmetics history. Media outlets called her the \"Tejano Madonna\" for her clothing choices. She also ranks among the most influential Latin artists of all time and is credited for catapulting a music genre into the mainstream market.The youngest child of the Quintanilla family, she debuted on the music scene in 1981 as a member of the band Selena y Los Dinos, which also included her elder siblings A.B. Quintanilla and Suzette Quintanilla. She began recording professionally in 1981. In the 1980s, she was often criticized and was refused bookings at venues across Texas for performing Tejano music\u2014a male-dominated music genre. However, her popularity grew after she won the Tejano Music Award for Female Vocalist of the Year in 1987, which she won nine consecutive times. She signed with EMI Latin in 1989 and released her self-titled debut album the same year, while her brother became her principal music producer and songwriter.\nSelena released Entre a Mi Mundo (1992), which peaked at number one on the US Billboard Regional Mexican Albums chart for eight consecutive months. The album's commercial success led music critics to call it the \"breakthrough\" recording of her musical career. One of its singles, \"Como la Flor\", became one of her most popular signature songs. Live! (1993) won Best Mexican/American Album at the 1994 Grammy Awards, becoming the first recording by a female Tejano artist to do so. In 1994, she released Amor Prohibido, which became one of the best-selling Latin albums in the United States. It was critically acclaimed as being responsible for Tejano music's first marketable era as it became one of the most popular Latin music subgenres at the time.\nSelena and her guitarist, Chris P\u00e9rez, eloped in April 1992 after her father raised concerns over their relationship. \nOn March 31, 1995, she was shot and killed by Yolanda Sald\u00edvar, her friend and former manager of her Selena Etc. boutiques. Sald\u00edvar was cornered by police when she attempted to flee, and threatened to kill herself, but was convinced to give herself up and was sentenced to life in prison with possible parole after 30 years. Two weeks later, future US President George W. Bush\u2014governor of Texas at the time\u2014declared Selena's birthday Selena Day in Texas. Her posthumous crossover album, Dreaming of You (1995), debuted atop the Billboard 200, making Selena the first Latin artist to do this feat. In 1997, Warner Bros. released Selena, a film about her life and career, which starred Jennifer Lopez as Selena and Lupe Ontiveros as Sald\u00edvar. As of 2016, Selena has sold 60-65 million albums worldwide, making her one of the best-selling female artists in Latin music history.", "Q323267": "Osborne Reynolds FRS (23 August 1842 \u2013 21 February 1912) was an innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics. Separately, his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser design. He spent his entire career at what is now the University of Manchester.\n\n", "Q279169": "Mitch Pileggi is an American actor. He played Horace Pinker in Shocker, Walter Skinner on The X-Files, Colonel Steven Caldwell on Stargate Atlantis, Ernest Darby in Sons of Anarchy, and Harris Ryland in the TNT revival of Dallas (2012\u20132014).", "Q71563": "Amalie Schoppe (9 October 1791, Burg auf Fehmarn, as Amalie Weise \u2013 25 September 1858, Schenectady, New York) was a German author. She was also known by her pseudonyms Adalbert von Schonen, Amalia and Marie. She is most notable as the author of books for children and young people, with an oeuvre totaling 200 volumes. The Amalie-Schoppe-Weg in the Hamburg-Barmbek-Nord district of Hamburg and the Amalie-Schoppe-Stra\u00dfe in Burg auf Fehmarn are named after her.", "Q2887324": "Bassam Yammine (born 1968) is a Lebanese economist and former CEO of Credit Suisse Saudi Arabia.", "Q953620": "Franco Godi (born 10 June 1940) is an Italian composer, conductor, arranger and record producer.\nBorn in Milan, Godi grew up in Prato where he started his musical activity as the member of a band. After working in a local radio station, in 1962 he composed his first jingle for the Bertolli oil, and from then he became the most active composer in the field of commercials and Caroselli in Italy, as to be called \"Mr. Jingle\".Godi was also active as a film score composer, particularly in the field of animation where he had a long collaboration with Bruno Bozzetto, and also composed theme songs for a large number of television programs and series. He is the founder of the record label Best Sound, which produced some of the early hip hop Italian groups, including Articolo 31 and Gemelli Diversi.", "Q237560": "Barbara Levy Boxer (born November 11, 1940) is a retired American politician who served as a United States senator for California from 1993 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1983 to 1993.\nBorn in Brooklyn, New York, Boxer graduated from George Wingate High School and Brooklyn College. She worked as a stockbroker for several years before moving to California with her husband. During the 1970s, she worked as a journalist for the Pacific Sun and as an aide to U.S. Representative John L. Burton. She served on the Marin County Board of Supervisors for six years and became the board's first female president. With the slogan \"Barbara Boxer Gives a Damn\", she was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1982, representing California District 6. She served on the House Armed Services Committee, and was involved in government oversight, passing several procurement reforms.\nBoxer won the 1992 election for the U.S. Senate. Running for a third term in 2004, she received 6.96 million votes and set a record for the most votes in any U.S. Senate election in history, until her colleague, Dianne Feinstein, the senior senator from California, surpassed that number in her 2012 re-election. Boxer and Feinstein were the first female pair of U.S. Senators representing any state at the same time. Boxer was the ranking member of the Environment and Public Works Committee and the vice chair of the Select Committee on Ethics. She was also the Democratic Chief Deputy Whip. Although generally identified with the San Francisco Bay Area, where her political career began, Boxer now lives in the Coachella Valley.\nAt the time of her retirement, Boxer ranked eleventh in seniority in the United States Senate, and was the most senior junior Senator from the retirement of Tom Harkin in January 2015 until her own retirement two years later. She was also dean of the California Congressional Delegation, since she had spent 10 years as a US Representative for California's 6th district before being elected to the Senate in 1993.\nOn January 8, 2015, Boxer announced that she would not seek re-election in 2016. She was succeeded by former California Attorney General Kamala Harris.\nIn January 2020, Boxer joined Washington, D.C. based lobbying firm Mercury Public Affairs as co-chairwoman.\n\n", "Q77112": "David Walter Foster, OC, OBC (born November 1, 1949), is a Canadian musician, composer, arranger, record producer, and music executive. He has been a producer for musicians including Christina Aguilera, Mary J. Blige, Andrea Bocelli, Toni Braxton, Michael Bubl\u00e9, Peter Cetera, Chicago, John Parr, Natalie Cole, Alice Cooper, Celine Dion, Kenny G, Josh Groban, Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson, Chaka Khan, Kenny Loggins, Jennifer Lopez, Cheryl Lynn, Madonna, Olivia Newton-John, Brandy Norwood, Kenny Rogers, Seal, Blake Shelton, Rod Stewart, Barbra Streisand, Jackie Evancho, Donna Summer, The Corrs, Slawomir Przyborowski and Jake Zyrus. Foster has won 16 Grammy Awards from 47 nominations. He was the chairman of Verve Records from 2012 to 2016.\n\n", "Q592387": "The Seekers are an Australian folk-influenced pop quartet, originally formed in Melbourne in 1962. They were the first Australian pop music group to achieve major chart and sales success in the United Kingdom and the United States. They were popular during the 1960s with their best-known configuration as: Judith Durham on vocals, piano, and tambourine; Athol Guy on double bass and vocals; Keith Potger on twelve-string guitar, banjo, and vocals; and Bruce Woodley on guitar, mandolin, banjo, and vocals.\nThe group had Top 10 hits in the 1960s with \"I'll Never Find Another You\", \"A World of Our Own\", \"Morningtown Ride\", \"Someday, One Day\" (written by Paul Simon), \"Georgy Girl\" (the title song of the film of the same name), and \"The Carnival Is Over\" by Tom Springfield, the last being an adaptation of the Russian folk song \"Stenka Razin\". It is still one of the top 50 best-selling singles in the UK. Australian music historian Ian McFarlane described their style as \"concentrated on a bright, uptempo sound, although they were too pop to be considered strictly folk and too folk to be rock.\"\nIn 1967, they were named as joint \"Australians of the Year\" \u2013 the only group thus honoured. In July 1968, Durham left to pursue a solo career and the group disbanded. The band has reformed periodically, and in 1995 they were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame. \"I'll Never Find Another You\" was added to the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia's Sounds of Australia registry in 2011. Woodley's and Dobe Newton's song \"I Am Australian\", which was recorded by The Seekers, and by Durham with Russell Hitchcock and Mandawuy Yunupingu, has become an unofficial Australian anthem. With \"I'll Never Find Another You\" and \"Georgy Girl\", the band also achieved success in the United States, but not nearly at the same level as in the rest of the world. The Seekers have sold over 50 million records worldwide.\nThe Seekers were individually honoured as Officers of the Order of Australia in the Queen's Birthday Honours of June 2014.", "Q2658411": "Bah\u0101\u02be al\u2010D\u012bn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn \u1e24usayn al\u2010\u02bf\u0100mil\u012b (also known as Sheikh Baha'i, Persian: \u0634\u06cc\u062e \u0628\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200e) (18 February 1547 \u2013 1 September 1621) was an Arab Shia Islamic scholar, philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomer and poet who lived in the late 16th and early 17th centuries in Safavid Iran. He was born in Baalbek, Ottoman Syria (present-day Lebanon) but immigrated in his childhood to Safavid Iran with the rest of his family. He was one of the earliest astronomers in the Islamic world to suggest the possibility of the Earth's movement prior to the spread of the Copernican theory. He is considered one of the main co-founders of Isfahan School of Islamic Philosophy. In later years he became one of the teachers of Mulla Sadra.He wrote over 100 treatises and books in different topics, in Arabic and Persian. A number of architectural and engineering designs are attributed to him, but none can be substantiated with sources. These may have included the Naqsh-e Jahan Square and Charbagh Avenue in Isfahan,. He is buried in Imam Reza's shrine in Mashad in Iran.", "Q322179": "Wallace Fitzgerald Beery (April 1, 1885 \u2013 April 15, 1949) was an American film and stage actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Bill in Min and Bill (1930) opposite Marie Dressler, as Long John Silver in Treasure Island (1934), as Pancho Villa in Viva Villa! (1934), and his titular role in The Champ (1931), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. Beery appeared in some 250 films during a 36-year career. His contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer stipulated in 1932 that he would be paid $1 more than any other contract player at the studio. This made Beery the highest-paid film actor in the world during the early 1930s. He was the brother of actor Noah Beery Sr. and uncle of actor Noah Beery Jr.\nFor his contributions to the film industry, Beery was posthumously inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame with a motion pictures star in 1960. His star is located at 7001 Hollywood Boulevard.", "Q191479": "Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Ko\u015bciuszko (English: Andrew Thaddeus Bonaventure Kosciuszko; 4 or 12 February 1746 \u2013 15 October 1817) was a Polish-Lithuanian military engineer, statesman, and military leader who became a national hero in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and the United States. He fought in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth's struggles against Russia and Prussia, and on the US side in the American Revolutionary War. As Supreme Commander of the Polish National Armed Forces, he led the 1794 Ko\u015bciuszko Uprising.\nKo\u015bciuszko was born in February 1746, in a manor house on the Mereczowszczyzna estate in Brest Litovsk Voivodeship, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a part of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth. At age 20, he graduated from the Corps of Cadets in Warsaw, Poland. After the start of civil war in the Bar Confederation in 1768, Ko\u015bciuszko moved to France in 1769 to study. He returned to the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1774, two years after its First Partition, and took a position as tutor in J\u00f3zef Sylwester Sosnowski's household. After Ko\u015bciuszko attempted to elope with his employer's daughter and was severely beaten by the father's retainers, he returned to France. In 1776, Ko\u015bciuszko moved to North America, where he took part in the American Revolutionary War as a colonel in the Continental Army. An accomplished military architect, he designed and oversaw the construction of state-of-the-art fortifications, including those at West Point, New York. In 1783, in recognition of his services, the Continental Congress promoted him to brigadier general.\nUpon returning to Poland in 1784, Ko\u015bciuszko was commissioned as a major general in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth Army in 1789. After the Polish\u2013Russian War of 1792 resulted in the Second Partition of Poland, he organized an uprising against Russia in March 1794, serving as its Naczelnik (commander-in-chief). Russian forces captured him at the Battle of Maciejowice in October 1794. The defeat of the Ko\u015bciuszko Uprising that November led to Poland's Third Partition in 1795, which ended the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth's independent existence for 123 years. In 1796, following the death of Tsaritsa Catherine the Great, Ko\u015bciuszko was pardoned by her successor, Tsar Paul I, and he emigrated to the United States. A close friend of Thomas Jefferson's, with whom he shared ideals of human rights, Ko\u015bciuszko wrote a will in 1798 dedicating his U.S. assets to the education and freedom of U.S. slaves. He eventually returned to Europe and lived in Switzerland until his death in 1817. The execution of his will later proved difficult, and the funds were never used for the purpose he had intended.\n\n", "Q342855": "Across the Hall is a 2009 American neo-noir thriller film directed by Alex Merkin and starring Mike Vogel, Brittany Murphy, and Danny Pino. It is based on the 2005 short film of the same name and is the last film released in Murphy's lifetime.", "Q2676934": "Gustavo Enrique Madero Mu\u00f1oz (born 16 December 1955) is a Mexican politician and businessman, great-nephew of the president Francisco I. Madero. He will serve as a senator in the LXIV Legislature of the Mexican Congress after previously being a senator between 2006 and 2010. Mu\u00f1oz also was the President of the National Action Party (PAN) from 2010 to 2013 and again from 2014 to 2015, and from 2015 to 2018, he was a federal deputy from the first electoral region representing the state of Chihuahua.", "Q68032": "Hermann Franz Joseph Hubertus Maria Ansch\u00fctz-Kaempfe (3 October 1872 \u2013 6 May 1931) was a German art historian and inventor. He was born in Zweibr\u00fccken and died in Munich.\nIn his quest to navigate to the North Pole by submarine, he became interested in the concept of the gyrocompass. In 1905 he founded, with Friedrich Treitschke, the first firm to manufacture gyroscopic navigation instruments, which he designed. One of his staff was Maximilian Schuler, who made the fundamental discovery of Schuler tuning.", "Q434232": "Michael Edward Fossum (born December 19, 1957 in Sioux Falls, South Dakota) is a former American astronaut, engineer, and the Chief Operating Officer of Texas A&M University at Galveston. He flew into space on board the NASA Space Shuttle missions STS-121 and STS-124 and served as a mission specialist of Expedition 28 and commander of Expedition 29 aboard the International Space Station.", "Q3328982": "Ces\u00e1reo Gonz\u00e1lez Rodr\u00edguez (1903 \u2013 1968) was a Spanish film producer.\nGonz\u00e1lez was born in 1903 in Vigo, Spain. When he was 12, he took a boat to Cuba and worked as a salesman. He would later work in Mexico at his uncle's bakery, and return to Spain as a young adult.\nIn 1940, he began a production company called Suevia Films. Its first release was Stowaway on Board (1941), a film starring Florian Rey, in 1941. He would go on to produce over 100 films. Gonz\u00e1lez chose local Spanish talent to act and perform music in his films, such as folk singer Lola Flores, actress Mar\u00eda F\u00e9lix, comedian Pepe Iglesias, and child prodigy Joselito. He would later produce under the name Ces\u00e1reo Gonz\u00e1lez Producciones Cinematogr\u00e1ficas. He died in Madrid in 1968.", "Q312051": "Kenneth Leung (born January 21, 1970) is an American actor. His roles include Sang in Rush Hour, Miles Straume in Lost, Admiral Statura in Star Wars: The Force Awakens, Detective Stephen Sing in Saw, and Kid Omega in X-Men: The Last Stand. He portrayed the Marvel Comics character Karnak, a member of the Inhumans, on the ABC television series Inhumans, which premiered in September 2017.", "Q70696": "Werner Sobek (born May 16, 1953) is a German architect and structural engineer.\n\n", "Q92613": "Leslie B. Lamport (born February 7, 1941) is an American computer scientist. Lamport is best known for his seminal work in distributed systems, and as the initial developer of the document preparation system LaTeX and the author of its first manual. Leslie Lamport was the winner of the 2013 Turing Award for imposing clear, well-defined coherence on the seemingly chaotic behavior of distributed computing systems, in which several autonomous computers communicate with each other by passing messages. He devised important algorithms and developed formal modeling and verification protocols that improve the quality of real distributed systems. These contributions have resulted in improved correctness, performance, and reliability of computer systems.", "Q49017": "James Hugh Calum Laurie (; born 11 June 1959) is an English actor, director, singer, musician, comedian and author.\nLaurie is perhaps best known for portraying the title character on the Fox medical drama series House (2004\u20132012), for which he received two Golden Globe Awards and nominations for numerous other awards. He was listed in the 2011 Guinness World Records as the most watched leading man on television and was one of the highest-paid actors in a television drama, earning \u00a3250,000 ($409,000) per episode of House. His other television credits include arms dealer Richard Onslow Roper in the miniseries The Night Manager (2016), for which he won his third Golden Globe Award, and Senator Tom James in the HBO sitcom Veep (2012\u20132019), for which he received his 10th Emmy Award nomination.\nLaurie first gained recognition for his work as one half of the comedy double act Fry and Laurie with his friend and comedy partner Stephen Fry, whom he met through their mutual friend Emma Thompson whilst attending Cambridge University, where Laurie was president of the Footlights. The duo acted together in a number of projects during the 1980s and 1990s, including the sketch comedy series A Bit of Fry & Laurie and the P. G. Wodehouse adaptation Jeeves and Wooster. Laurie's other roles during this time include the period comedy series Blackadder (in which Fry also appeared) and the films Sense and Sensibility, 101 Dalmatians, The Borrowers, and Stuart Little.Outside of acting, Laurie released the blues albums Let Them Talk (2011) and Didn't It Rain (2013), both to favourable reviews, and authored the novel The Gun Seller (1996).\nAmong his honours, Laurie has won three Golden Globe Awards and two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and has been nominated for 10 Primetime Emmy Awards. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2016. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2007 New Year Honours and Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2018 New Year Honours, both for services to drama.", "Q173417": "Joseph Pulitzer ( PUUL-it-s\u0259r; Hungarian: [\u02c8pulit\u0361s\u025br]; born J\u00f3zsef Pulitzer; April 10, 1847 \u2013 October 29, 1911) was a newspaper publisher of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and the New York World. He became a leading national figure in the Democratic Party and was elected congressman from New York. He crusaded against big business and corruption, and helped keep the Statue of Liberty in New York.\nIn the 1890s the fierce competition between his World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal caused both to develop the techniques of yellow journalism, which won over readers with sensationalism, sex, crime and graphic horrors. The wide appeal reached a million copies a day and opened the way to mass-circulation newspapers that depended on advertising revenue (rather than cover price or political party subsidies) and appealed to readers with multiple forms of news, gossip, entertainment and advertising.\nToday, his name is best known for the Pulitzer Prizes, which were established in 1917 as a result of his endowment to Columbia University. The prizes are given annually to recognize and reward excellence in American journalism, photography, literature, history, poetry, music and drama. Pulitzer founded the Columbia School of Journalism by his philanthropic bequest; it opened in 1912.\n\n", "Q463381": "Anne Beau Cox Chambers (December 1, 1919 \u2013 January 31, 2020) was an American media proprietor, diplomat, and philanthropist who served as United States Ambassador to Belgium from 1977 to 1981. She co-owned the family company Cox Enterprises, a privately held media empire, with her sister Barbara Cox Anthony for 33 years. Her net worth was estimated by Forbes at $16.1 billion in September 2014.", "Q82400": "Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni (Arabic: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u200e) is a Muslim Brotherhood leader in exile in London. He was born in 1938 (age 81\u201382) in Aleppo and brought up in a religious family, where his father and grandfather were both well known Muslim scholars. He joined the Muslim Brotherhood while in secondary school, in 1954, and went on to graduate with a law degree from the University of Damascus in 1963. He served as a reserve officer in the Syrian Army from 1959 to 1960. Bayanouni became a member of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood's Shura Council and Executive Office in 1972. Due to his membership of the Muslim Brotherhood, Bayanouni was imprisoned from 1975 to 1977. After his time in prison, he emerged to become the deputy leader of the Brotherhood in 1977. He left Syria two years later and eventually settled in Jordan, where he remained for twenty years. He arrived in Britain as a political refugee in 2000, after the Jordanian authorities requested he leave the country.In the wake of the unrest in Syria he has called for the end of the Bashar al-Assad government and the convention of \"a free conference of all the nationalist forces in Syria\" which would enable \"Syrians to develop a collective national alternative\".\n\n", "Q59204": "Alberto Lattuada (Italian pronunciation: [al\u02c8b\u025brto lattu\u02c8a\u02d0da; lat\u02c8twa\u02d0da]; 13 November 1914 \u2013 3 July 2005) was an Italian film director.\n\n", "Q125651": "Ambrosius Paul Speiser (13 November 1922, Basel \u2013 10 May 2003, Aarau) was a Swiss engineer and scientist. He led the development of the first Swiss computer.\nSpeiser studied electrotechnology at Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule (ETH), where in 1948 he earned his diplom in communications engineering. In 1949, Eduard Stiefel sent Heinz Rutishauser and Speiser to study in Harvard under Howard H. Aiken and in Princeton under John von Neumann; Rutishauser and Speiser became acquainted with the Harvard Mark III and the IAS machine. In 1950, the Institut f\u00fcr angewandte Mathematik (Institute for Applied Mathematics, founded in 1948) of ETH could acquire the Zuse Z4, but there were no other commercially available electronic computers which were suitable for scientific applications. This led the Swiss to the idea of developing their own computer. Under Speiser's technical direction between 1950 and 1955, Switzerland's first electronic calculating machine, ERMETH, originated.\nSpeiser earned his doctorate and habilitation during the development of ERMETH, but began an industrial career when he joined IBM in 1955. From 1956 to 1966 he was the director of IBM Zurich Research Laboratory in R\u00fcschlikon. In 1966 he left IBM to become the director of research for Brown, Boveri & Cie in order to develop the company's research center in D\u00e4ttwil. He also served as the second president of the International Federation for Information Processing from 1965 to 1968.In 1962 ETH made Speiser a full professor. For years, he taught one of the first courses in computer science at the ETH. In 1986 ETH honored him with an honorary doctorate for his pioneering work at the frontier of informatics. The Schweizerische Akademie der Technischen Wissenschaften chose Speiser on 1987 as president of its executive committee and upon his resignation in 1993 made him an honorary member. Speiser was also a member of the Schweizerischen Schulrats, member of the board of trustees of the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds, and from 1983 to 1988 president of Vororts (now Economiesuisse).", "Q183096": "Gabriele Lavia (born 10 October 1942) is an Italian actor, film director and theatre director.Lavia was born in Milan, Lombardy. Since 1970 he has had roles in nearly thirty films and television programs. He is probably best known in the United States for his appearances in several horror films, including Beyond the Door (1974), Dario Argento's Deep Red (1975), Inferno (1980), and Sleepless (2001), and Pupi Avati's Zeder (1983), in which he starred.\nIn Italy, Lavia has had a long career as a theatrical actor and director. He was the artistic co-director of the Teatro Eliseo of Rome (from 1980 to 1987), artistic director of the Teatro Stabile of Turin (from 1997 to the 2000) and artistic director of the Taormina Film Fest (in 1993).\nHe has directed six films, most of which he has written or co-written, including Il Principe di Homburg (1983), based on Heinrich von Kleist's play Prinz Friedrich von Homburg, for which he won the Nastro d'Argento Best New Director Award, and Sensi (U.S. title: Evil Senses) (1986), an erotic thriller with Monica Guerritore, his wife at the time.\n\n", "Q524960": "Antonio Ghislanzoni (Italian pronunciation: [an\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0njo \u0261izlan\u02c8tso\u02d0ni]; 25 November 1824 \u2013 16 July 1893) was an Italian journalist, poet, and novelist who wrote librettos for Verdi, among other composers, of which the best known are Aida and the revised version of La forza del destino.", "Q214352": "Kurt Blumenfeld (May 29, 1884 \u2013 May 21, 1963) was a German-born Zionist from Marggrabowa, East Prussia. He was the secretary general of the World Zionist Organization from 1911 to 1914. He died in Jerusalem.\nHe had served as secretary of the Zionist Federation of Germany from 1909 to 1911 and later served as president of that organization from 1924 to 1933, when he fled the rising tide of antisemitism in Nazi Germany for Palestine, after they had searched his Berlin home. He was a good friend of Hannah Arendt. Blumenfeld opposed the Anti-Nazi boycott saying \u201cThe boycott harms German Jews first and foremost. The boycott has no favorable results for us.\u201dHe died in Jerusalem, Israel in 1963 at the age of 79.", "Q88893": "Ingo Schmitt is a German politician who was Member of the European Parliament for Berlin from 1999 to 2005. On September 18, 2005, he was elected to the Bundestag and consequently resigned from the European Parliament. He is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union.", "Q168751": "Duke University is a private research university in Durham, North Carolina. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892. In 1924, tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father, Washington Duke.\nDuke is often ranked as one of the world's top 25 universities, and similarly, is often ranked top 10 in the United States. The Wall Street Journal has also named Duke as the best university for graduate outcomes for several years in a row (tied with Harvard University and Yale University). Several faculty members, affiliates and alumni have been awarded the Nobel Prize in recent years. Notable examples since 2012 include Robert Lefkowitz, Brian Kobilka, Gregg L. Semenza, Paul Modrich, William Kaelin, and George Smith. In 2019, Clarivate Analytics named 54 members of Duke's faculty to its list of \"Highly Cited Researchers\". That number places Duke 8th among the world's universities.Duke's campus spans over 8,600 acres (3,500 hectares) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort. The West Campus\u2014designed largely by architect Julian Abele\u2014incorporates Gothic architecture with the 210-foot (64-meter) Duke Chapel at the campus' center and highest point of elevation, is adjacent to the Medical Center. East Campus, 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) away, home to all first-years, contains Georgian-style architecture. The university administers two concurrent schools in Asia, Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore (established in 2005) and Duke Kunshan University in Kunshan, China (established in 2013).As of 2019, 15 Nobel laureates and 3 Turing Award winners have been affiliated with the university. Duke alumni also include 50 Rhodes Scholars and 25 Churchill Scholars. The university has produced the fifth-highest number of Rhodes, Marshall, Truman, Goldwater, and Udall Scholars of any American university between 1986 and 2015. Duke is the alma mater of one president of the United States (Richard Nixon) and 14 living billionaires.", "Q451455": "Vagit Yusufovich Alekperov (Azerbaijani: Vahid Yusuf o\u011flu \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259rov, Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0442 \u042e\u0441\u0443\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432; born 1 September 1950) is an Azerbaijani and Russian businessman, the president of the leading Russian oil company LUKOIL.As of 2019 he is rated by Forbes magazine as the third richest person in Russia with a net worth of $21.1 billion and the 46th richest person in the world.", "Q384755": "The City of Kawartha Lakes (2016 population 75,423) is a unitary municipality in Central Ontario, Canada. It is a municipality legally structured as a single-tier city; however, Kawartha Lakes is the size of a typical Ontario county and is mostly rural. It is the second largest single-tier municipality in Ontario by land area (after Greater Sudbury).\nThe main population centres are the communities of Bobcaygeon, Fenelon Falls, Lindsay, Omemee and Woodville.", "Q446129": "Naach (transl.\u2009Dance) is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language dance film directed by Ram Gopal Varma, starring Abhishek Bachchan, Antara Mali and Riteish Deshmukh.", "Q117185": "Luzius Wildhaber (born January 18, 1937 in Basel) is a Swiss judge. He was the first President of the European Court of Human Rights in its new format after the ratification of Protocol 11, which opened up direct access for citizens from the 47 member states of the Council of Europe. Wildhaber was elected on 24 July 1998, and served from 1 November 1998 to 18 January 2007.", "Q138166": "Michel D\u00e9on (French: [de\u0254\u0303]; 4 August 1919 \u2013 28 December 2016) was a French novelist and literary columnist. He published over 50 works and was the recipient of numerous awards, including the Prix Interalli\u00e9 for his 1970 novel, Les Poneys sauvages (The Wild Ponies). D\u00e9on's 1973 novel Un taxi mauve received the Grand Prix du roman de l'Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise. His novels have been translated into numerous languages.\nHe is considered to have been one of the most innovative French writers of the 20th century. In 1978, D\u00e9on was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.", "Q1766736": "Fouad Laroui (12 August 1958) is a Moroccan economist and writer, born in Oujda, Morocco. After his studies in the Lyc\u00e9e Lyautey (Casablanca), he joined the prestigious \u00c9cole Nationale des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es (Paris, France), where he studied engineering. After having worked in the Office Cherifien des Phosphates company in Khouribga (Morocco), he moved to the United Kingdom where he spent several years in Cambridge and York. Later he obtained a PhD in economics and moved to Amsterdam where he is currently teaching econometrics and environmental science. In addition, he is devoted to writing. \nHe is also a literary chronicler for the weekly magazine Jeune Afrique and Economia magazine, and the French-Moroccan radio M\u00e9di1.", "Q937359": "Yuma Asami (Japanese: \u9ebb\u7f8e \u3086\u307e, Hepburn: Asami Yuma) is a Japanese actress, singer and a former adult video (AV) actress and model. Starring in more than 600 adult films between 2005 and 2013, Asami was widely recognized as one of Japan's most famous and acclaimed adult film actresses with her popularity resulting in mainstream media appearances as well. A leading actress of two major Japanese AV studios, Alice Japan and S1 No.1 Style, Asami was known her youthful looks, large bust and her natural onscreen charisma which was largely credited in helping her establish herself as Japan's top adult performer. Between 2008 and 2013 she was also a member of the idol group Ebisu Muscats, where she performed with numerous other famous AV actresses like Sola Aoi, Akiho Yoshizawa, Tina Yuzuki (Rio) and Aino Kishi.\nAsami's career took a sharp turn in 2013 when she was diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Despite making a full recovery, Asami choose not to return to the AV industry and retired in May, 2015. Currently she is an independent singer-songwriter.", "Q8178": "Karlsruhe is a Landkreis (district) in the northwest of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Rhein-Neckar, Heilbronn,\nEnz, Calw, Rastatt, Germersheim, Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis and the district-free city Speyer. The urban district Karlsruhe (Stadtkreis Karlsruhe), which contains the City of Karlsruhe, is located in the middle of the district, and partially cuts it into a northern and a southern part.", "Q54046": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw I Herman (c. 1044 \u2013 4 June 1102) was a Duke of Poland from 1079 until his death.\nHe was the second son of Casimir I the Restorer by his wife Maria Dobroniega, daughter of Vladimir the Great, Grand Duke of Kiev.", "Q640292": "Vittorio Mussolini (27 September 1916 \u2013 12 June 1997) was an Italian film critic and producer. He was also the second son of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. However, he was the first officially acknowledged son of Mussolini, with his second wife Rachele; his older half-brother was never officially acknowledged by Mussolini's fascist regime.", "Q64185": "Bettina Wulff (n\u00e9e K\u00f6rner; 25 October 1973) is the wife of the former German President Christian Wulff and was therefore sometimes referred to by the media as the \"First Lady\" during her husband's presidency.", "Q169329": "Conrad of Montferrat (Italian: Corrado del Monferrato; Piedmontese: Conr\u00e0 \u00ebd Monfr\u00e0) (died 28 April 1192) was a north Italian nobleman, one of the major participants in the Third Crusade. He was the de facto King of Jerusalem (as Conrad I) by virtue of his marriage to Isabella I of Jerusalem from 24 November 1190, but officially elected only in 1192, days before his death. He was also the eighth Marquess of Montferrat from 1191.\n\n", "Q298368": "Liev Schreiber (; born October 4, 1967) is an American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer. He became known during the late 1990s and early 2000s, having appeared in several independent films, and later mainstream Hollywood films, including the Scream trilogy of horror films, Ransom (1996), Phantoms (1998), The Sum of All Fears (2002), The Omen (2006), X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009), Taking Woodstock (2009), Salt (2010), Goon (2011), Pawn Sacrifice (2014), and Spotlight (2015). He later became known to a younger generation of audiences for his voice work in My Little Pony: The Movie (2017), Isle of Dogs and Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018).\nSchreiber is also a stage actor, having performed in several Broadway productions. In 2005, he won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performance in the play Glengarry Glen Ross. That year, he made his debut as a film director and writer with Everything Is Illuminated (2005), based on the novel of the same name. Schreiber has had further success in the television world, most notably portraying the eponymous protagonist of the Showtime drama series Ray Donovan (2013\u20132020). The role has earned him five Golden Globe Award nominations and three Primetime Emmy Award nominations. He also narrates the HBO series \u201824/7\u2019, as well as various PBS programs.", "Q53729": "Walter Bonatti (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8valter bo\u02c8natti]; 22 June 1930 in Bergamo \u2013 13 September 2011 in Rome) was an Italian mountain climber, explorer and journalist. He was noted for his many climbing achievements, including a solo climb of a new route on the south-west pillar of the Aiguille du Dru in August 1955, the first ascent of Gasherbrum IV in 1958 and in 1965 the first solo climb in winter of the North face of the Matterhorn on the mountain's centenary year of its first ascent. Immediately after his extraordinary solo climb on the Matterhorn Bonatti announced his retirement from professional climbing at the age of 35 and after 17 years of climbing activity. He authored many mountaineering books and spent the remainder of his career travelling off the beaten track as a reporter for the Italian magazine Epoca.\nHe died on 13 September 2011 of pancreatic cancer in Rome aged 81, and was survived by his life partner, the actress Rossana Podest\u00e0.\nFamed for his climbing panache, he pioneered little known and technically difficult climbs in the Alps, Himalayas and Patagonia.", "Q1077474": "Christopher John Lee (born April 1, 1964) is a former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives for New York's 26th congressional district. He served from January 2009 until he resigned on February 9, 2011, after it was revealed that he had solicited a woman on Craigslist and emailed a shirtless photo of himself to her.", "Q232395": "Esther Jane Williams (August 8, 1921 \u2013 June 6, 2013) was an American competitive swimmer and actress. Williams set multiple national and regional swimming records in her late teens as part of the Los Angeles Athletic Club swim team. Unable to compete in the 1940 Summer Olympics because of the outbreak of World War II, she joined Billy Rose's Aquacade, where she took on the role vacated by Eleanor Holm after the show's move from New York City to San Francisco. While in the city, she spent five months swimming alongside Olympic gold medal winner and Tarzan star Johnny Weissmuller. Williams caught the attention of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer scouts at the Aquacade. After appearing in several small roles, alongside Mickey Rooney in an Andy Hardy film, and future five-time co-star Van Johnson in A Guy Named Joe, Williams made a series of films in the 1940s and early 1950s known as \"aquamusicals,\" which featured elaborate performances with synchronised swimming and diving.\nFrom 1945 to 1949, Williams had at least one film listed among the 20 highest-grossing films of the year. In 1952, Williams appeared in her only biographical role, as Australian swimming star Annette Kellerman in Million Dollar Mermaid, which went on to become her nickname while at MGM. Williams left MGM in 1956 and appeared in a handful of unsuccessful feature films, followed by several extremely popular water-themed network television specials, including one from Cypress Gardens, Florida.\nWilliams was also a successful businesswoman. Even before retiring as an actress, she invested in a \"service station, a metal products plant, a manufacturer of bathing suits, various properties and a successful restaurant chain known as Trails.\" She lent her name to a line of swimming pools and retro swimwear, instructional swimming videos for children, and served as a commentator for synchronized swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.", "Q44255": "San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n (Spanish pronunciation: [san mi\u02c8\u0263el de tuku\u02c8man]; usually called simply Tucum\u00e1n) is the capital of the Tucum\u00e1n Province, located in northern Argentina 1,311 kilometres (815 mi) from Buenos Aires. It is the fifth-largest city of Argentina after Buenos Aires, C\u00f3rdoba, Rosario and Mendoza and the most important of the northern region. The Spanish Conquistador Diego de Villarroel founded the city in 1565 in the course of an expedition from present-day Peru. Tucum\u00e1n moved to its present site in 1685.", "Q349055": "Wayne State University (WSU) is a public research university in Detroit, Michigan. It is Michigan's third-largest university. Founded in 1868, Wayne State consists of 13 schools and colleges offering more than 350 programs to nearly 27,000 graduate and undergraduate students. Wayne State University, along with the University of Michigan and Michigan State University, comprise the University Research Corridor of Michigan.Wayne State's main campus comprises 203 acres linking more than 100 education and research buildings. It also has six satellite campuses in Macomb, Oakland, Wayne and Jackson counties. \nThe Wayne State Warriors compete in the NCAA Division II Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC).", "Q5297965": "Doris More Lusk (5 May 1916 \u2013 14 April 1990) was a New Zealand artist and art teacher, potter, university lecturer. In 1990 she was posthumously awarded the Governor General Art Award in recognition of her artistic career and contributions.", "Q96313": "Hugo Z\u00f6ller (12 January 1852 \u2013 1933 in Munich) was a German explorer and journalist. His brother Egon Z\u00f6ller (1847-?1891?) was an author and friend of Karl Pearson.\nHugo was born near Schleiden. He studied law and in 1872 to 1874 travelled to countries in Mediterranean Sea region. In 1874 he became a journalist for K\u00f6lnische Zeitung.\nIn 1879 Z\u00f6ller started his travels around the world. The result was a two volume book Rund um die Erde (K\u00f6ln 1881). In 1881 and 1882 he travelled across South America and then published Die Deutschen im brasilianischen Urwald (Stuttgart 1883) and Pampas und Anden (Stuttgart 1884).\nBy the end of 1882 he worked as a war correspondent in Egypt during the British campaign there. In 1883 he was ordered to explore territories in Western Africa previously explored by Gustav Nachtigal. First he travelled across the Togoland, then he went to Cameroon where he in 1884 made a successful ascent of Mount Cameroon together with Stefan Szolc-Rogozi\u0144ski.\nWhile in Cameroon he discovered the Batanga River but soon after this he fell ill and returned to Germany.\nIn 1888 he travelled to German New Guinea and became the first European to penetrate into inner New Guinea and climb the peaks of Finisterre Range. During this he also discovered Mount Wilhelm in the Bismarck Range.", "Q2088696": "Suzuka (Japanese: \u6dbc\u98a8) is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Kouji Seo. The series is a character-driven romance story that uses the athletics of track and field as a subplot. The story primarily follows the life of the teenager Yamato Akitsuki, who moved to Tokyo to change himself, and his main love interest Suzuka Asahina, a talented and highly scouted high jumper who lives in Yamato's aunt's dormitory and attends his new high school.\nSuzuka was serialized in the Japanese magazine Weekly Sh\u014dnen Magazine published by Kodansha. It was adapted into a twenty-six episode anime series and aired on TV Tokyo in Japan between 6 July 2005 and 28 December 2005. Both versions of the series have been licensed for release in North America. The manga has been licensed for publication in North America by Del Rey Manga under their mature line; it published the first 15 volumes, before it folded and transferred its publication rights to Kodansha USA. The anime series has been licensed and released by FUNimation Entertainment. Two light novels written by Ayuna Fujisaki based on the series have also been released. A related series, Kimi no Iru Machi (A Town Where You Live), ran in Weekly Sh\u014dnen Magazine from 2008 until 2014, and a sequel, Fuuka, has been running in the same magazine since 2014 until 2018.", "Q443737": "Jasmin St. Claire (born October 23, 1972) is a Virgin Islander American former pornographic actress. She is also known for her work as a professional wrestling personality, most notably for ECW. She has made appearances in the world of professional wrestling and such films as Communication Breakdown and National Lampoon's Dorm Daze 2.", "Q200441": "Antioch on the Orontes (; Ancient Greek: \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u1f21 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u1f48\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, Anti\u00f3kheia h\u0113 ep\u00ec Or\u00f3ntou; also Syrian Antioch) was an ancient Greek city on the eastern side of the Orontes River. Its ruins lie near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey, to which the ancient city lends its name.\nAntioch was founded near the end of the fourth century BC by Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals. The city's geographical, military, and economic location benefited its occupants, particularly such features as the spice trade, the Silk Road, and the Royal Road. It eventually rivaled Alexandria as the chief city of the Near East. The city was the capital of the Seleucid Empire until 63 B.C. when the Romans took control, making it the seat of the governor of the province of Syria. From the early 4th century, the city was the seat of the Count of the Orient, head of the regional administration of sixteen provinces. It was also the main center of Hellenistic Judaism at the end of the Second Temple period. Antioch was one of the most important cities in the eastern Mediterranean of Rome's dominions. It covered almost 1,100 acres (4.5 km2) within the walls of which one quarter was mountain, leaving 750 acres (3.0 km2) about one-fifth the area of Rome within the Aurelian Walls.\nAntioch was called \"the cradle of Christianity\" as a result of its longevity and the pivotal role that it played in the emergence of both Hellenistic Judaism and early Christianity. The Christian New Testament asserts that the name \"Christian\" first emerged in Antioch. It was one of the four cities of the Syrian tetrapolis, and its residents were known as Antiochenes. The city was a metropolis of a quarter million people during Augustan times, but it declined to relative insignificance during the Middle Ages because of warfare, repeated earthquakes, and a change in trade routes, which no longer passed through Antioch from the far east following the Mongol invasions and conquests.", "Q122658": "Vasily Ivanovich Rakov (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432; 8 February [O.S. 26 January] 1909 \u2013 28 December 1996) was a pilot in the Soviet Air Force who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union in 1940 and 1945 for his actions in the Winter War and World War II respectively; afterward, he remained in the military, reaching the rank of Major-General.", "Q776052": "Tony Lo Bianco (born Anthony LoBianco; October 19, 1936) is an American film, stage, and television actor, known for his portrayals of gruff law enforcement figures in crime films. His accolades include one Tony Award nomination, an Obie Award, and a Daytime Emmy Award.\nBorn to first-generation Italian American parents in New York City, Lo Bianco began his career in theater, and appeared in several Broadway productions throughout the 1960s. He transitioned to film in the 1970s, starring in the crime film The Honeymoon Killers (1970), William Friedkin's thriller The French Connection (1971), and the drama The Seven-Ups (1973). Lo Bianco won an Obie Award for his 1975 role in an Off-Broadway production of Yanks-3, Detroit-0, Top of the Seventh, and subsequently earned a Tony Award nomination for Best Actor for his role as Eddie in the 1983 Broadway revival of Arthur Miller's A View from the Bridge.\nIn addition to film and theater, Lo Bianco appeared as a guest-star on numerous television series throughout the 1970s and 1980s, including appearances on Police Story (1974\u20131976), Franco Zeffirelli's miniseries Jesus of Nazareth (1977), and Marco Polo (1982). In 1984, he appeared in a stage production of Hizzoner!, playing American politician Fiorello LaGuardia. The one-man play was subsequently staged on Broadway in 1989, and Lo Bianco has gone on to perform several other Off-Broadway iterations of it, including LaGuardia (2008) and The Little Flower (2012\u20132015).\n\n", "Q77847": "Olaf Rose (born 1958) is a German historian and politician. He represents the right-wing National Democratic Party of Germany. Since 2006, Rose has worked as a parliamentary adviser to the group of the NPD in the Landtag of Saxony. He is a co-founder of the Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freie Publizistik and a city councilor in Pirna. From 2008 to 2009, he was a member of the federal board of the NPD.\nHe was born in Arnsberg in North Rhine-Westphalia. A conscientious objector, he opted for the Zivildienst instead of military service. He studied German and history at the Ruhr University Bochum, and in 1992, he received a doctorate in military history from the Helmut Schmidt University of the Bundeswehr. His dissertation, which was financially supported by the Clausewitz Society, explored the influence of Carl von Clausewitz as a military theorist in Russia and the Soviet Union. As a student and young academic, he held left wing views and contributed to left wing publications. From 1987 to 1996, he worked as an archivist for the Herdecke local government, and has published works on local history.\nHe unsuccessfully contested the S\u00e4chsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge constituency at the 2009 general election. On 3 March 2012, he was nominated for President of Germany in the 2012 election by the National Democratic Party of Germany, winning only three out of 1,228 votes (= 0.24%).", "Q256607": "Susan Blanchard Ryan (born January 12, 1967) is an American actress.\nAfter working in MTV and other minor parts on television and independent film, she went on to star in the 2003 film Open Water, for which she won the 2004 Saturn Award for Best Actress. She has since starred in the films The Brooklyn Heist and It's Complicated.", "Q730007": "Paul (Louis-Toussaint) H\u00e9roult (10 April 1863 \u2013 9 May 1914) was a French scientist. He was the inventor of the aluminium electrolysis and developed the first successful commercial electric arc furnace. He lived in Thury-Harcourt, Normandy.\n\n", "Q85409": "Marilies Flemming (born 16 December 1933 in Wiener Neustadt, Austria) was an Austrian Member of the European Parliament. In the European Parliament, she used the name Marialiese Flemming. She is a member of the European People's Party (Austrian People's Party domestically) and was first elected during the 1996 European Parliament election for Austria. Her European Parliamentary career ended on 19 July 2004.Since 1999, Flemming has served on various European Union-related delegations, committees and groups, including the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Policy, and sporadically as a substitute on the Committee on Women's Rights (a precursor to the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality which exists today) and the Committee on Research, Technological Development and Energy.Flemming also held views on human cloning in line with that of the other Christian Democrat Members of the European Parliament. In 2003, she tabled more than 80 amendments in the European Parliament to further restrict cloning research in European Union member states, suggesting the use of adult stem cells for use in research as opposed to embryos. Flemming was reported by The Telegraph as saying that the creation of embryos for the purpose of medical treatment is immoral because the \"individual characteristics of a person\" are created at the moment of conception.In 2004, Czech Radio reported that the future European Commissioner for Health & Consumer Protection, Pavel Teli\u010dka, had been involved in heated debate with Flemming over the issue of the Temel\u00edn Nuclear Power Station, a Czech nuclear power station positioned close to the border with nuclear-free Austria. Even though these debates had occurred, Flemming was reported to describe Telicka as \"sensational and absolutely perfect\".", "Q220949": "Rachel Bilson (born August 25, 1981) is an American actress. Born to a California show business family, Bilson made her television debut in 2003, and then landed the role of Summer Roberts on the prime-time drama series The O.C. Bilson made her movie debut in The Last Kiss (2006) and starred in the science-fiction-action film Jumper (2008). From 2011 to 2015, she starred as Dr. Zoe Hart on The CW series Hart of Dixie.\n\n", "Q1346177": "Sir John Isaac Thornycroft (1 February 1843 \u2013 28 June 1928) was an English shipbuilder, the founder of the Thornycroft shipbuilding company and member of the Thornycroft family.\n\n", "Q103696": "G\u00fcnther Stoll (Duisburg, 18 August 1924 \u2013 Gelsenkirchen, 10 January 1977) was a German actor.", "Q3301445": "Recaredo Santos Tornero Olmos (October 14, 1842 \u2013 July 26, 1902) was a Chilean editor, journalist and director of El Mercurio de Valpara\u00edso and founder of El Comercio.\n\n", "Q3844913": "Manticore Records is a record label launched by the Manticore production company in 1973. These companies were owned by the members of the progressive rock group Emerson, Lake & Palmer (commonly known as ELP.) The manticore symbol was first featured in the artwork for the second ELP album Tarkus. \nInitially the label was jointly owned with Island Records, but that partnership was dissolved. The label was distributed by Atlantic Records from 1973 until 1975. Afterwards, Motown Records handled distribution from 1975 until the label shut down in 1977. Although Manticore was inactive for many years most of its recordings have been re-issued by other labels. \nIt was relaunched in 2017 under authorization from the Greg Lake estate, stating one of his last wishes was to bring the label back. Live in Piacenza is the first release on the new incarnation of Manticore. will be released on Dec. 7, 2017 on the newly relaunched Manticore Records. The second was the last album Greg Lake produced before his passing, \"Moonchild\" by Annie Barbazza and Max Repetti. The third one was John Greaves \"Life Size\".", "Q4024": "Frankfurt (Oder) (also known as Frankfurt an der Oder, German: [\u02c8f\u0281a\u014bkf\u028a\u0281t \u0294an de\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u02c8\u0294o\u02d0d\u0250]; abbreviated Frankfurt a. d. Oder, Frankfurt a. d. O., Frankf. a. d. O., lit. 'Frankfurt on the Oder') is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, located on the west side of the Oder River, on the Germany-Poland border, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of Berlin. Until the end of World War II (1945), the city of S\u0142ubice, Poland, was a part of Frankfurt. Until 1990 Frankfurt an der Oder was part of East Germany. \nAt the end of the 1980s, the city reached a population peak with more than 87,000 inhabitants. The number dropped below 70,000 in 2002 and was just above 60,000 in 2010.The city's recorded history began in the 13th century as a Polish settlement. Throughout its history it was part of Poland, Brandenburg, the Bohemian Crown, Prussia and Germany, including East Germany. The official name Frankfurt (Oder) and the older Frankfurt an der Oder are used to distinguish it from the larger city of Frankfurt am Main.", "Q124229": "Lolita Laura Morena (born 15 October 1960 in Cantiano, Italy) is a Swiss model, actress, and television hostess.", "Q94504": "Lucius Postumius Megellus (c. 345 BC \u2013 c. 260 BC) was a politician and general during the middle years of the Roman Republic. Reportedly an arrogant and overbearing man, he was elected consul in 305 BC. The Second Samnite War was ongoing, and as consul he led troops against the Samnites. He defeated them at the Battle of Bovianum and took the town of Bovianum, which caused the Samnites to sue for peace, ending the war. Megellus was awarded a triumph.\nSix years later the Third Samnite War broke out. Megellus again served in a senior role, but saw little fighting and after a year his army was disbanded. In 294 he was elected consul for a second time. He led a consular army but was defeated, wounded and driven away. Recovering he led out another army and captured two towns. He then celebrated a second triumph in defiance of the senate's wishes. Only his subsequent participation in the victorious Battle of Aquilonia prevented his prosecution.\nTwo years later, as the war was drawing to a close, Megellus held the office which oversaw the consular elections. He exploited this to have himself elected consul, in spite of the law requiring a ten year gap. Amidst furious arguments with his fellow consul, one of the previous year's consuls and the senate he carried the Siege of Cominium to a successful conclusion. With the war all but over he returned to Rome demanding a third triumph. This was refused, and when he left office he was tried for malfeasance and given an enormous fine.", "Q1065064": "Charles Thomas Jeffery (13 May 1876 \u2013 10 November 1935) was an American businessman.", "Q92161": "Changchun (Chinese: \u957f\u6625) is the capital and largest city of Jilin Province, People's Republic of China. Lying in the center of the Songliao Plain, Changchun is administered as a sub-provincial city, comprising 7 districts, 1 county and 2 county-level cities. According to the 2010 census of China, Changchun had a total population of 7,674,439 under its jurisdiction. The city's metro area, comprising 5 districts and 4 development areas, had a population of 3,815,270 in 2010, as the Shuangyang and Jiutai districts are not urbanized yet. It is one of the biggest cities in Northeast China, along with Shenyang, Dalian and Harbin.\nThe name of the city means \"long spring\" in Chinese. Between 1932 and 1945, Changchun was renamed Hsinking (Chinese: \u65b0\u4eac; pinyin: X\u012bnj\u012bng; literally: 'new capital') by the Japanese as it became the capital of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo, occupying modern Northeast China. After the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Changchun was established as the provincial capital of Jilin in 1954.\nKnown locally as China's \"City of Automobiles\", Changchun is an important industrial base with a particular focus on the automotive sector. Because of its key role in the domestic automobile industry, Changchun was sometimes referred to as the \"Detroit of China.\" Apart from this industrial aspect, Changchun is also one of four \"National Garden Cities\" awarded by the Ministry of Construction of P.R. China in 2001 due to its high urban greening rate.", "Q1384236": "Leopoldo Elia (4 November 1925 \u2013 5 October 2008) was an Italian politician.", "Q31806": "Sat-Okh (c. 1920 \u2013 July 3, 2003), also known as Stanis\u0142aw Sup\u0142atowicz, was a soldier in the Polish Resistance during World War II. Purportedly born in Northwest Territories, Canada, he later published autobiographical children's books under the name Sat-Okh. These were translated into several European languages.\nHe claimed to be Polish-Shawnee and to have grown up in Canada among First Nations people. His mother was Polish and returned with him to Poland before World War II. In the postwar years, he became an important figure in the Polish \"indianist\" movement. There has been considerable controversy as to whether his accounts were a hoax, as his books reflect culture and customs not associated with the peoples of the Northwest Territories.", "Q256613": "Lisa Nicole Carson (born July 12, 1969) is an American actress. She is known for her work on U.S. television, including supporting roles in NBC's ER and Fox's Ally McBeal. Carson appeared in the roles simultaneously, but afterwards, she withdrew from acting until 2012 when she appeared in the final episode of David E. Kelley's Harry's Law.\n\n", "Q4718350": "Alexander Berry (30 November 1781 \u2013 17 September 1873) was a Scottish-born surgeon, merchant and explorer who in 1822 was given a land grant of 10,000 acres (40 km2) and 100 convicts to establish the first European settlement on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia.\nThis settlement became known as the Coolangatta Estate and later developed into what is now the town of Berry, named in honour of Alexander and his brother David.\n\n", "Q66786": "Kaltbrunn is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q49765": "Louis XVII (27 March 1785 \u2013 8 June 1795), born Louis-Charles, was the younger son of King Louis XVI of France and Queen Marie Antoinette.\nHe was at birth given the title Duke of Normandy. His older brother, Louis Joseph, died in June 1789, a little over a month before the start of the French Revolution. At his brother's death he became the heir apparent to the throne and the Dauphin of France, a title he held until 1791, when the new constitution accorded the heir apparent the style of Prince Royal of France.\nWhen his father was executed on 21 January 1793, during the middle-period of the French Revolution, he became \"King of France\" in the eyes of the royalists. However, since France was by then a republic, and Louis XVII had been imprisoned from August 1792 until his death from illness in 1795 at the age of 10, he never actually governed. His title stems from monarchist theory, whereby there is always a monarch; on the death of one monarch, the heir apparent or failing that the heir presumptive are immediately monarch. His title was the reason why on his death his uncle took the regnal name of Louis XVIII of France rather than Louis XVII, retaining it upon the Bourbon Restoration in 1814.", "Q390052": "The Talented Mr. Ripley is a 1999 American psychological thriller film written and directed by Anthony Minghella. An adaptation of Patricia Highsmith's 1955 novel of the same name, the film stars Matt Damon as Tom Ripley, Jude Law as Dickie Greenleaf, Gwyneth Paltrow as Marge Sherwood, Cate Blanchett as Meredith Logue, and Philip Seymour Hoffman as Freddie Miles.\nThe novel was previously filmed twice. In 1957, a one-hour version was produced for the TV anthology series Studio One, directed by Franklin J. Schaffner, though no recording survives. In 1960, a full-length film version was released, entitled Purple Noon and directed by Ren\u00e9 Cl\u00e9ment, starring Alain Delon in his first major role. Claude Chabrol's 1968 film Les biches uses many elements of Highsmith's novel but switches the gender of the main characters.\nThe Talented Mr. Ripley was a critical and commercial success. It received five Academy Award nominations, including Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Supporting Actor for Law.", "Q962364": "Emanuel Ludvig Nobel ( noh-BEL, Swedish: [n\u028a\u02c8b\u025bl\u02d0]; Saint Petersburg, 22 June [O.S. 10 June] 1859 \u2013 Stockholm, 31 May 1932) was a Swedish oil baron, the eldest son of Ludvig Nobel and his first wife, Mina Ahlsell, grandson of Immanuel Nobel and nephew of Alfred Nobel.", "Q19152": "Szeto Wah (Chinese: \u53f8\u5f92\u83ef; 28 February 1931 \u2013 2 January 2011) was a prominent Hong Kong democracy activist and politician. He was the founding chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, the Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union and former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1985 to 1997 and from 1997 to 2004.\nBeing one of the two icons of the Hong Kong democracy movement alongside Martin Lee, Szeto played an instrumental role in the emergence of the pro-democracy camp. Entering the politics as a trade unionist for teachers, Szeto founded the influential Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union and was first elected to the colonial legislature through the newly created Teaching functional constituency in 1985. He and Martin Lee became the two pro-democrats appointed to the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee by the Beijing government in 1985 until the duo resigned in the wake of the Tiananmen protests of 1989 which were bloodily suppressed by Beijing.\nSzeto played a significant part in gathering popular support of the Hong Kong public in the Tiananmen democracy movement and subsequently the Operation Yellowbird rescuing the wanted democracy activists. He also founded the Hong Kong Alliance which has been responsible for the annual memorials for the protests. On the basis of the pro-democracy support he also co-founded the United Democrats of Hong Kong to contest in the first Legislative Council direct elections which later transformed into the Democratic Party.\nSzeto remained the unofficial party whip of the Democratic Party. He retired from the Legislative Council in 2004 and remained his influence in the pan-democracy camp. In 2010, he led the moderate faction of the camp to oppose the radical-led Five Constituencies Referendum movement and played a significant role in drawing the revised proposal of the electoral reform package in the Democrats' negotiation with the Beijing authorities over. He remained the chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance until he died in 2011 at the age of 79.", "Q458": "The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. Its members have a combined area of 4,233,255.3 km2 (1,634,469.0 sq mi) and an estimated total population of about 447 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where members have agreed to act as one. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. For travel within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999, coming into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.\nThe EU and European citizenship were established when the Maastricht Treaty came into force in 1993. The EU traces its origins to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), established, respectively, by the 1951 Treaty of Paris and 1957 Treaty of Rome. The original members of what came to be known as the European Communities were the Inner Six: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany. The Communities and their successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to their remit. The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. \nIn January 2020, the United Kingdom became the first member state ever to leave the EU. Following a 2016 referendum, the UK signified its intention to leave and negotiated a withdrawal agreement. \nThe UK is in a transitional phase until at least 31 December 2020, during which it remains subject to EU law and part of the EU single market and customs union. Before this, three territories of member states had left the EU or its forerunners, these being French Algeria (in 1962, upon independence), Greenland (in 1985, following a referendum) and Saint Barth\u00e9lemy (in 2012).\nContaining in 2020 some 5.8% of the world population, the EU in 2017 (including the United Kingdom) had generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around 20 trillion US dollars, constituting approximately 25% of global nominal GDP. Additionally, all EU countries have a very high Human Development Index, according to the United Nations Development Programme. In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the EU has developed a role in external relations and defence. The union maintains permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and represents itself at the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G7 and the G20. Due to its global influence, the European Union has been described as an emerging superpower.\n\n", "Q561596": "Jonathan Paul Clegg, OBE, OIS (7 June 1953 \u2013 16 July 2019) was a South African musician and anthropologist, some of whose work was in musicology focused on the music of indigenous South African peoples. His band Juluka began as a duo with Sipho Mchunu, and was the first group in the South African apartheid-era with a white man and a black man. The pair performed and recorded, later with an expanded lineup.\nIn 1986 Clegg founded the band Savuka, and also recorded as a solo act, occasionally reuniting with his earlier band partners. Sometimes called Le Zoulou Blanc (French: [l\u0259 zulu bl\u0251\u0303], for \"The White Zulu\"), he was an important figure in South African popular music and one of the most prominent white figures in the resistance to apartheid, becoming for a period the subject of investigation by the Security Branch of the South African Police (SAP-SB). His songs mixed English with Zulu lyrics, and also combined idioms of traditional African music with those of modern Western styles.\n\n", "Q4030": "Edward Kennedy \"Duke\" Ellington (April 29, 1899 \u2013 May 24, 1974) was an American composer, pianist, and leader of a jazz orchestra, which he led from 1923 until his death over a career spanning more than six decades.Born in Washington, D.C., Ellington was based in New York City from the mid-1920s onward and gained a national profile through his orchestra's appearances at the Cotton Club in Harlem. In the 1930s, his orchestra toured in Europe. Although widely considered to have been a pivotal figure in the history of jazz, Ellington embraced the phrase \"beyond category\" as a liberating principle and referred to his music as part of the more general category of American Music rather than to a musical genre such as jazz.Some of the jazz musicians who were members of Ellington's orchestra, such as saxophonist Johnny Hodges, are considered to be among the best players in the idiom. Ellington melded them into the best-known orchestral unit in the history of jazz. Some members stayed with the orchestra for several decades. A master at writing miniatures for the three-minute 78 rpm recording format, Ellington wrote more than one thousand compositions; his extensive body of work is the largest recorded personal jazz legacy, with many of his pieces having become standards. Ellington also recorded songs written by his bandsmen, for example Juan Tizol's \"Caravan\", and \"Perdido\", which brought a Spanish tinge to big band jazz. In the early 1940s, Ellington began a nearly thirty-year collaboration with composer-arranger-pianist Billy Strayhorn, whom he called his writing and arranging companion. With Strayhorn, he composed many extended compositions, or suites, as well as additional short pieces. Following an appearance at the Newport Jazz Festival, in July 1956, Ellington and his orchestra enjoyed a major revival and embarked on world tours. Ellington recorded for most American record companies of his era, performed in several films, scored several, and composed a handful of stage musicals.\nEllington was noted for his inventive use of the orchestra, or big band, and for his eloquence and charisma. His reputation continued to rise after he died, and he was awarded a posthumous Pulitzer Prize Special Award for music in 1999.", "Q7539": "Peyton Williams Manning (born March 24, 1976) is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 18 seasons. Considered to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time, he spent 14 seasons with the Indianapolis Colts and was a member of the Denver Broncos in his last four seasons. Manning played college football for the University of Tennessee, leading the Tennessee Volunteers to the 1997 SEC Championship Game in his senior season. He is the second son of former NFL quarterback Archie Manning and older brother of former NFL quarterback Eli Manning.\nManning was selected by the Colts as the first overall pick in the 1998 NFL Draft. From 1998 to 2010, he improved the fortunes of the struggling Colts franchise and helped transform them into consistent playoff contenders. During his tenure as starting quarterback, Manning led the team to eight division championships, two AFC championships, and one Super Bowl title in Super Bowl XLI, the franchise's first in over three decades, as well as their first since relocating to Indianapolis.\nAfter undergoing neck surgery that forced him to miss the entire 2011 season, Manning was released by the Colts and signed with the Broncos. Serving as the team's starting quarterback from 2012 to 2015, he contributed to the Broncos clinching their division each year and his playing career concluded with a victory in Super Bowl 50.\nManning holds many NFL records, including AP MVP awards (5), Pro Bowl appearances (14), 4,000-yard passing seasons (14), single-season passing yards (5,477 in 2013), single-season passing touchdowns (55 in 2013). He is also tied with Otto Graham for the most First-Team All Pros for a quarterback (7), and is second in career passing yards (71,940) and passing touchdowns (539). A two-time Super Bowl winner and the most valuable player of Super Bowl XLI, Manning is the only starting quarterback to have multiple appearances and win the Super Bowl with more than one franchise.\nNicknamed \"The Sheriff\" due to his tendency to audible prior to the snap, Manning was one of the most recognizable and parodied players in the NFL. Teams led by Manning typically used the hurry-up offense in place of the standard huddle.", "Q54052": "This article refers to the 12th-century Polish monarch. For the 15th-century Jagiellon monarch, see W\u0142adys\u0142aw III of Poland, and for other monarchs with similar names see Ladislaus III (disambiguation).\nW\u0142adys\u0142aw III Spindleshanks (Polish: W\u0142adys\u0142aw Laskonogi; b. 1161/67 \u2013 3 November 1231), of the Piast Dynasty, was Duke of Greater Poland (during 1194\u20131202 over all the land and during 1202\u20131229 only over the southern part), High Duke of Poland and Duke of Krak\u00f3w during 1202\u20131206 and 1228\u20131231, Duke of Kalisz during 1202\u20131206, ruler of Lubusz during 1206\u20131210 and 1218\u20131225, and ruler over Gniezno during 1216\u20131217.\nHe was the fifth son of Mieszko III the Old, Duke of Greater Poland and since 1173 High Duke of Poland, but the third-born from his second marriage with Eudoxia, daughter of Grand Prince Iziaslav II of Kiev.\nThe nickname \"Spindleshanks\" (Laskonogi) was given to W\u0142adys\u0142aw in the Chronicle of Greater Poland. Jan D\u0142ugosz assumed that this was in reference to W\u0142adys\u0142aw's unusually long and thin legs.", "Q983830": "Gorky Park (international title) or \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043a \u0413\u043e\u0440\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e (Russian title) is a Russian hard rock band, that gained mainstream popularity in the United States during Perestroika. Gorky Park is famous for its kitsch use of western stereotypes of Russians, such as pseudo-traditional clothing, balalaika-like guitar design and the hammer and sickle as their logo. It was the first Russian band to be aired on MTV.", "Q234928": "Alice Bradley Sheldon (August 24, 1915 \u2013 May 19, 1987) was an American science fiction author better known as James Tiptree Jr., a pen name she used from 1967 to her death. It was not publicly known until 1977 that James Tiptree Jr. was a woman. From 1974 to 1977 she also used the pen name Raccoona Sheldon. Sheldon was inducted by the Science Fiction Hall of Fame in 2012.", "Q64191": "Walenstadt is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It is located on Lake Walen (also known as \"Lake Walenstadt\").", "Q90776": "Erich Brost (29 October 1903 \u2013 8 October 1995) was a German journalist and publisher.\n\n", "Q979022": "Pauvre Pierrot (aka Poor Pete) is an 1892 French short animated film directed by Charles-\u00c9mile Reynaud. It consists of 500 individually painted images and lasts about 15 minutes originally.\n\nIt is one of the first animated films ever made, and alongside Le Clown et ses chiens and Un bon bock was exhibited in October 1892 when Charles-\u00c9mile Reynaud opened his Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Optique at the Mus\u00e9e Gr\u00e9vin. It was the first film to demonstrate the Theatre Optique system developed by Reynaud in 1888. Pauvre Pierrot is also believed to be the first known usage of film perforations. The combined performance of all three films was known as Pantomimes Lumineuses.\nThese were the first animated pictures publicly exhibited by means of picture bands. Reynaud gave the entire presentation himself by manipulating the images.", "Q44241": "San Juan (Spanish pronunciation: [sa\u014b \u02c8xwan]) is the capital city of the Argentine province of San Juan in the Cuyo region, located in the Tul\u00fam Valley, west of the San Juan River, at 650 m (2,133 ft) above mean sea level, with a population of around 112,000 as per the 2001 census [INDEC] (over 500,000 in the metropolitan area).\nIt is a modern city with wide streets and well-drawn avenues with wide sidewalks and vegetation of different species of trees irrigated by canals, from which it derives its nickname oasis town.\nIt has an important accommodation infrastructure and transportation. It highlights modern buildings and the surroundings, the reservoir and Ullum dam, spas, museums, large plantations of vines, and various types of agriculture, with wine being the most important.", "Q385339": "My Favorite Season (French: Ma saison pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e) is a 1993 French drama film directed by Andr\u00e9 T\u00e9chin\u00e9, co-written by T\u00e9chin\u00e9 and Pascal Bonitzer, and starring Catherine Deneuve, Daniel Auteuil, and Marthe Villalonga. The story concerns a middle-aged brother and sister who resume their fragile relationship when they are forced to care for their ailing mother. It won Best Foreign Language Film at the 1996 Boston Society of Film Critics Awards.", "Q168023": "James Kottak (born December 26, 1962 in Louisville, Kentucky) is an American drummer. Kottak is best known for his work with the German hard rock band Scorpions, which he joined in 1996. At the time of his firing from the band in 2016, he was their all-time longest-serving drummer, surpassing Herman Rarebell, who spent 18 years in the band.", "Q63826": "Emil Julius Gumbel (18 July 1891, in Munich \u2013 10 September 1966, in New York City) was a German mathematician and political writer.\nBorn to a prominent Jewish family in W\u00fcrttemberg, he graduated from the University of Munich shortly before the outbreak of the First World War. He was Professor of Mathematical Statistics at the University of Heidelberg.\nFollowing the murder of a friend, he attended the trial where he saw that the judge completely ignored evidence against the Nazi Brownshirts. Horrified, he ardently investigated many similar political murders that had occurred and published his findings in Four Years of Political Murder in 1922. In 1928, he published Causes of Political Murder and also tried to create a political group to counter Nazism. Gumbel was also one of the 33 signers of the 1932 Dringender Appell.\nAmong the Nazis' most-hated public intellectuals, he was forced out of his position in Heidelberg in 1932. Gumbel then moved to France, where he taught in Paris and Lyon, and then to the United States in 1940. He taught at the \u00c9cole libre des hautes \u00e9tudes in Paris and at the New School for Social Research and Columbia University in New York City until his death in 1966.As a mathematician, Gumbel was instrumental in the development of extreme value theory, along with Leonard Tippett and Ronald Fisher. In 1958, Gumbel published a key book on the topic of statistics of extremes. He derived and analyzed the probability distribution that is now known as the Gumbel distribution in his honor.\nWhen he died, Gumbel's papers were made a part of The Emil J. Gumbel Collection, Political Papers of an Anti-Nazi Scholar in Weimar and Exile. These papers include reels of microfilm that document his activities against the Nazis.", "Q89227": "Erich Bielka or Erich Bielka-Karltreu (born Ritter Bielka von Karltreu, May 15, 1908, Vienna, Austria - September 1, 1992, Bad Aussee, Styria) was an Austrian diplomat and member of the Austrian government. During his career, he served as Austrian ambassador in Bern, Cairo, Ankara and Paris and as Foreign Minister from 1974 to 1976.\n\n", "Q1132896": "Yuko Aoki (\u9752\u6728 \u88d5\u5b50, Aoki Y\u016bko) (born on February 5, 1977 in Takahata, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese bikini model and singer.", "Q129719": "William Weightman Valk (December 12, 1806 in Charleston, South Carolina \u2013 September 20, 1879 in Washington, D.C.) was a soldier in the American Civil War and a U.S. Congressman.\nIn 1830, Valk earned a degree in medicine, graduating from the University of South Carolina at Columbia in 1830. He opened a practice in Connecticut. He joined the Navy during the Mexican\u2013American War and became chief surgeon on the USS Constellation. Valk joined the California Gold Rush in 1849 and, upon failure, opened a practice on Long Island. From March 4, 1855, to March 3, 1857, Valk served in New York's 1st District in the United States House of Representatives.\nFinally settled in Flushing, New York, and continued the practice of medicine until elected to Congress. He was elected as a candidate serving in New York's 1st District, as a member of the American Party to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855 \u2013 March 3, 1857). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection. Upon the breakout of Civil War, he volunteered as chief surgeon of the 2nd Maryland (USA) Volunteer Infantry of the Union Army. He later became a pension office clerk in Washington, D.C. He was interred in Flushing Cemetery.", "Q42156": "Henri-Louis Bergson (French: [b\u025b\u0281ks\u0254n]; 18 October 1859 \u2013 4 January 1941) was a French philosopher who was influential in the tradition of continental philosophy, especially during the first half of the 20th century until the Second World War. Bergson is known for his arguments that processes of immediate experience and intuition are more significant than abstract rationalism and science for understanding reality.\nHe was awarded the 1927 Nobel Prize in Literature \"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented\". In 1930 France awarded him its highest honour, the Grand-Croix de la Legion d'honneur.\nBergson's great popularity created a controversy in France where his views were seen as opposing the secular and scientific attitude adopted by the Republic's officials.", "Q234096": "Kristen Angela Johnston (born September 20, 1967) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Sally Solomon in the television series 3rd Rock from the Sun, for which she twice won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She also starred as Wilma Flintstone in The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas and as Holly Franklin in the sitcom The Exes. She has a main role in the television sitcom Mom.", "Q1739226": "Keren Cytter (born 22 August 1977) is an Israeli visual artist and writer.", "Q483507": "Kelly Brianne Clarkson (born April 24, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter, actress, author and television personality. She rose to fame in 2002, after winning the first season of American Idol, which earned her a record deal with RCA Records. Clarkson's debut single, \"A Moment Like This\", topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and became the country's best-selling single of 2002. It was followed by the release of her debut studio album, Thankful (2003), which debuted atop the US Billboard 200. Trying to reinvent her image, Clarkson parted ways with Idol management and shifted to pop rock music for her second album, Breakaway (2004). After numerous top 40 radio number-one singles, such as \"Since U Been Gone\" and \"Because of You\", the album sold over 12 million copies worldwide and earned Clarkson two Grammy Awards.\nShe took further creative control for her third album, My December (2007), by becoming the executive producer and co-writing the entire album. However, her label was dissatisfied with her darker rock music and promoted the album reluctantly. Clarkson returned to the top of the charts with her more mainstream-oriented fourth album, All I Ever Wanted (2009). Its lead single, \"My Life Would Suck Without You\", holds the record for the biggest jump to number one on the Hot 100 chart. Her fifth studio album, Stronger (2011), made Clarkson the first artist to win the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album twice. It spawned her third Hot 100 number-one single \"Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)\". She became the first American female artist to achieve the best-selling holiday album of the year with Wrapped in Red (2013). Following the release of her third number-one album Piece by Piece (2015), Clarkson concluded her contract with RCA Records and signed with Atlantic Records in 2016. Her soul-influenced eighth album, Meaning of Life (2017), hit number two on the Billboard 200 and garnered her a record fifth Grammy nomination for Best Pop Vocal Album.\nClarkson has sold over 35 million albums and 55 million singles worldwide. She has had 27 songs on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, with three number one songs and eleven in the Top 10. Her accolades include three Grammy Awards, three MTV Video Music Awards, four American Music Awards, and two Academy of Country Music Awards. Billboard has hailed Clarkson as \"one of pop music's greatest singers\" and honored her with the Powerhouse Award for her vocals. Clarkson became the first artist in history to top each of Billboard's pop, adult contemporary, adult pop, country, and dance charts. She was ranked nineteenth on VH1's list of 100 Greatest Women in Music. Clarkson also ventured into film, television, and writing children's books. She currently serves as a coach on the competition series The Voice and hosts the daytime talk show The Kelly Clarkson Show.", "Q299704": "Sherry Lansing (born Sherry Lee Duhl; July 31, 1944) is an American former film studio executive and actress. She is a former CEO of Paramount Pictures, and when she was the president of production at 20th Century Fox, she was the first woman to head a Hollywood movie studio. In 1996, she became the first woman to be named Pioneer of the Year by the Foundation of the Motion Picture Pioneers, and she was the first female movie studio head to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2005, she became the first female movie studio head to place hand and foot prints at the Grauman's Chinese Theater. In 2001, she was named one of the 30 most powerful women in America by Ladies' Home Journal, and The Hollywood Reporter named her fourth on its Power 100 list in 2003.", "Q213429": "Nikola Simi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0421\u0438\u043c\u0438\u045b; 18 May 1934 \u2013 9 November 2014) was a Serbian actor and comedian, best known for his role as Mita Panti\u0107 in several films, most notably the 1982 Yugoslav film Tesna ko\u017ea. He performed in more than 160 films beginning in 1957. He was the official voice dub for Bugs Bunny in the Serbian dub of Looney Tunes.", "Q52345": "Oliver James (born Oliver James Hutson; 1 June 1980) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and actor.", "Q264879": "David Lewis (October 19, 1916 \u2013 December 11, 2000) was an American actor, born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was best known for being the original actor to portray Edward Quartermaine from 1978 to 1993 on the American soap opera General Hospital.", "Q89541": "Benno Vigny (28 October 1889 \u2013 31 October 1965) was a French-German novelist and screenwriter.", "Q1962613": "First Moscow State Medical University (MSMU, officially I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, informally Moscow Medical Academy or Sechenov University; Russian: \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0418. \u041c. \u0421\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430) is the oldest medical school in Russia, located in Moscow.The university was founded in 1758 as medical faculty of Imperial Moscow University as the first medical school in Russia. The institution separated from the Moscow State University and became independent in 1930. The university was renamed after Russian physiologist, Ivan Sechenov, in 1955. It was known as I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Institute of Medicine until 1990, and I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy from 1990 to 2010.MSMU is located at Devichye Pole, a historical medical campus, in Moscow.", "Q254762": "Einar Benediktsson, often referred to as Einar Ben, (31 October 1864 \u2013 12 January 1940) was an Icelandic poet and lawyer.\nEinar Benediktsson's poetry was a significant contribution to the nationalistic revival which led to Iceland's independence. To this end, he was active both in founding the Landvarnarflokkurinn in 1902, and as the editor of Iceland's first daily newspaper, Dagskr\u00e1, from 1896 to 1898. \nAs a poet, he may be classified as a Neo-Romantic. He advocated for Greenland to become part of an independent Iceland.He pioneered as a strong advocate of inward foreign investment to utilize Iceland's natural resources. \nIn 1906 he joined the management of two companies, Skj\u00e1lfanda and Gigant, formed to build and operate hydroelectric power plants, particularly the northern waterfalls of the Skj\u00e1lfandaflj\u00f3t and J\u00f6kuls\u00e1 \u00e1 Fj\u00f6llum rivers.\nFund raising began, but there was opposition from people who objected to foreign involvement.\nIn 1914 Einar Benediktsson was one of the founders of Fossaf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 T\u00edtan and three sister companies Sirius, Orion and Taurus, established to harness the power of the \u00dej\u00f3rs\u00e1 waterfalls.His translations include English, and American poetry, and a masterpiece in rendering Henrik Ibsen's epic, Peer Gynt, into Icelandic. Einar Benediktsson was buried at Iceland's national shrine, \u00deingvellir. He has descendants living today in Iceland, other European countries, and the United States, most notably including former ambassador and namesake Einar Benediktsson (b. 1931).\nHe resided at H\u00f6f\u00f0i house in northern Reykjav\u00edk for four years (1921-1925). Einar's statue, by \u00c1smundur Sveinsson, now stands near the house.", "Q3132989": "Henry Osborne Havemeyer (October 18, 1847 \u2013 December 4, 1907) was an American industrialist, entrepreneur and sugar refiner who founded and became president of the American Sugar Refining Company in 1891.\nHavemeyer was the third generation of his family in the sugar business and oversaw the expansion of the family firm into the American Sugar Refining Company which dominated the sugar industry in the late 19th century. Together with his wife, Louisine Havemeyer, he was an avid and prolific collector of art, one of the earliest collectors to bring Impressionist Art to America, guided by artist Mary Cassatt. After Louisine Havemeyer's death in 1929, a large part of their collection was bequeathed to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.\n\n", "Q33977": "Jules Gabriel Verne (; French: [\u0292yl gab\u0281j\u025bl v\u025b\u0281n]; 8 February 1828 \u2013 24 March 1905) was a French novelist, poet, and playwright.\nVerne's collaboration with the publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel led to the creation of the Voyages extraordinaires, a widely popular series of scrupulously researched adventure novels including Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864), Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870), and Around the World in Eighty Days (1873).\nVerne is generally considered a major literary author in France and most of Europe, where he has had a wide influence on the literary avant-garde and on surrealism. His reputation was markedly different in Anglophone regions where he had often been labeled a writer of genre fiction or children's books, largely because of the highly abridged and altered translations in which his novels have often been printed (until the 1980s, when his \"literary reputation ... began to improve\").Verne has been the second most-translated author in the world since 1979, ranking between Agatha Christie and William Shakespeare. He has sometimes been called the \"Father of Science Fiction\", a title that has also been given to H. G. Wells and Hugo Gernsback.", "Q485176": "Pasadena () is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located 11 miles (18 km) northeast of Downtown Los Angeles.\nThe population of Pasadena was 137,122 at the 2010 census and an estimated 141,371 in 2018, making it the 40th largest city in California and the ninth-largest city in Los Angeles County. Pasadena was incorporated on June 19, 1886, becoming one of the first cities to be incorporated in what is now Los Angeles County, following the city of Los Angeles (April 4, 1850). It is one of the primary cultural centers of the San Gabriel Valley.The city is known for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game and Tournament of Roses Parade. In addition, Pasadena is also home to many scientific and cultural institutions, including Caltech, Pasadena City College, Fuller Theological Seminary, ArtCenter College of Design, the Pasadena Playhouse, the Ambassador Auditorium, the Norton Simon Museum, and the USC Pacific Asia Museum, with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory located in nearby La Ca\u00f1ada Flintridge.", "Q966664": "Luca Francesconi (born 17 March 1956 in Milan) is an Italian composer. He studied at the Milan Conservatory, then with Karlheinz Stockhausen and Luciano Berio.", "Q340065": "Rasos Cemetery (Lithuanian: Ras\u0173 kapin\u0117s, Polish: cmentarz Na Rossie w Wilnie, Belarusian: \u041c\u043e\u0433\u0456\u043b\u043a\u0456 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u044b) is the oldest and most famous cemetery in the city of Vilnius, Lithuania. It is named after the Rasos district where it is located. It is separated into two parts, the old and the new cemeteries, by a narrow Sukil\u0117liai Street. The total area is 10.8 ha. Since 1990 new burials are allowed only to family graves.", "Q450987": "Spiros J. Latsis (Greek: \u03a3\u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u039b\u03ac\u03c4\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2; born 1946) is a Greek billionaire, and business magnate. He is the son of the late tycoon Yiannis Latsis, who died in 2003. In 2018, Spiros Latsis ranked #729 on the Forbes World's Billionaires list, with wealth listed at US $3.2 billion.", "Q2861138": "Ari Emanuel (born March 29, 1961) is an American businessman and the CEO of Endeavor, an entertainment and media agency. He was a founding partner of the Endeavor Talent Agency and was instrumental in shaping its June 2009 merger with the William Morris Agency.", "Q235388": "Christy Carlson Romano (born March 20, 1984) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role as Ren Stevens in the Disney Channel sitcom Even Stevens, and as the voice of the titular character in the Disney Channel animated series Kim Possible.", "Q43248": "Bavois is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q184935": "Mihai Eminescu (Romanian pronunciation: [mi\u02c8haj emi\u02c8nesku] (listen); born Mihail Eminovici; 15 January 1850 \u2013 15 June 1889) was a Romantic poet, novelist, and journalist, generally regarded as the most famous and influential Romanian poet, as well as the first modern poet in Romanian literature. Eminescu was an active member of the Junimea literary society and worked as an editor for the newspaper Timpul (\"The Time\"), the official newspaper of the Conservative Party (1880\u20131918). His poetry was first published when he was 16 and he went to Vienna to study when he was 19. The poet's manuscripts, containing 46 volumes and approximately 14,000 pages, were offered by Titu Maiorescu as a gift to the Romanian Academy during the meeting that was held on 25 January 1902. Notable works include Luceaf\u0103rul (The Vesper/The Evening Star/The Lucifer/The Daystar), Od\u0103 \u00een metru antic (Ode in Ancient Meter), and the five Letters (Epistles/Satires). In his poems he frequently used metaphysical, mythological and historical subjects.\nHis father was Gheorghe Eminovici from C\u0103line\u0219ti, a Moldavian village in Suceava county, Bucovina, which was then part of the Austrian Empire (while his father came from Banat). He crossed the border into Moldavia, settling in Ipote\u0219ti, near the town of Boto\u0219ani. He married Raluca Iura\u0219cu, an heiress of an old aristocratic Moldavian family. In a Junimea register, Eminescu wrote down his birthday date as 22 December 1849, while in the documents of Cern\u0103u\u021bi Gymnasium, where Eminescu studied, his birth date is 14 December 1849. Nevertheless, Titu Maiorescu, in his work Eminescu and His Poems (1889) quoted N. D. Giurescu's research and adopted his conclusion regarding the date and place of Mihai Eminescu's birth, as being 15 January 1850, in Boto\u0219ani. This date resulted from several sources, among which there was a file of notes on christenings from the archives of the Uspenia (Domneasc\u0103) Church of Boto\u0219ani; inside this file, the date of birth was \"15 January 1850\" and the date of christening was the 21st of the same month. The date of his birth was confirmed by the poet's elder sister, Aglae Drogli, who affirmed that the place of birth was the village of Ipote\u0219ti.", "Q934644": "The Republic of Serbia (Serbo-Croatian: \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430 / Republika Srbija) was a constituent state of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia between 1992 and 2003 and the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro from 2003 to 2006. With Montenegro's secession from the union with Serbia in 2006, both became sovereign states in their own right for the first time in nearly 88 years.After the League of Communists of Yugoslavia collapsed in 1990, the Socialist Republic of Serbia led by Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107's Socialist Party (formerly the Communists) adopted a new constitution, declaring itself a constituent republic with democratic institutions within Yugoslavia, and the \"Socialist\" adjective was dropped from the official title. As Yugoslavia broke up, in 1992 Serbia and Montenegro formed a new federative state called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, known after 2003 as simply Serbia and Montenegro.\nSerbia claimed that it was not involved in the Bosnian or Croatian wars. However, the Serb rebel entities both sought direct unification with Serbia. SAO Krajina and later the Republic of Serbian Krajina sought to become \"a constitutive part of the unified state territory of the Republic of Serbia\". The Republika Srpska's political leader Radovan Karad\u017ei\u0107 declared that he did not want it to be in a federation alongside Serbia in Yugoslavia, but that Srpska should be directly incorporated into Serbia. While Serbia acknowledged both entities' desire to be in a common state with Serbia, both entities chose the path of individual independence and so the Serbian government did not recognize them as part of Serbia, or within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.\nAlthough Serbia managed\u2014at least nominally\u2014to stay out of the Yugoslav wars until 1998 when the Kosovo War broke out, the 1990s were marked by an economic crisis and hyperinflation, the Yugolav wars, a refugee crisis, and the authoritarian rule of Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107. After the opposition came to power in 2000, Serbia (viewed in the international community differently from Montenegro whose leadership had become a western outpost since 1998) began its transition in reconciliation with western nations, a decade later than most other east European countries. As a result of this change, Yugoslavia began to slowly re-integrate itself internationally following a period of isolation caused by sanctions that were now gently easing.", "Q2427296": "Thomas M. Siebel (born November 20, 1952) is an American billionaire businessman, technologist, and author. He was the founder of enterprise software company Siebel Systems and is the founder, chairman, and CEO of C3.ai, an artificial intelligence software platform and applications company.He is the chairman of First Virtual Group, a diversified holding company with interests in investment management, commercial real estate, agribusiness, and philanthropy.Siebel has been a frequent industry spokesperson. He is the author of the Wall Street Journal bestseller Digital Transformation: Survive and Thrive in an Era of Mass Extinction (RosettaBooks, 2019) and three previous books: Cyber Rules (1999), and Taking Care of eBusiness (2001) published by Doubleday, and Virtual Selling (1996), published by the Free Press.", "Q354010": "Scott A. Mosier (born March 5, 1971) is a Canadian-American film director, film producer, editor, podcaster, writer and actor best known for his work with director Kevin Smith, with whom he occasionally co-hosts the weekly podcast, SModcast.", "Q94276": "Martin Hiberniensis (Martin the Irishman) (819 - 875), was a teacher, scribe, and master of the cathedral school at Laon.", "Q663339": "Thomas Ernest Aldredge (February 28, 1928 \u2013 July 22, 2011) was an American television, film and stage actor, best known for various appearances in movies, theatre and television, with a notable role as Hugh De Angelis on The Sopranos. He also appeared in the television shows Damages as Uncle Pete and Ryan's Hope. He won a Daytime Emmy Award for playing the role of Shakespeare in Henry Winkler Meets William Shakespeare (1978). His last role was on the HBO series Boardwalk Empire, playing the father of Nucky Thompson (Steve Buscemi).", "Q445434": "Paolo Caccia Dominioni, born in Nerviano, Lombardy, 14th Baron of Sillavengo (14 May 1896 \u2013 12 August 1992); was an Italian soldier; officer in Alpini mountain Infantry Corps; engineer and writer, most noted for his leadership in the North Africa Campaign in World War II.\nDuring his engineer's career in prewar Egypt, he developed a deep friendship with the Belgian expatriate Vladimir Peniakoff, later to be known as Popski ( the creator and leader of a World War II Special Forces unit called Popski's Private Army (\"No 1 Demolition Squadron, PPA\" ) with whom he had explored the Egyptian desert; a few years later the two friends would be facing each other as enemies, in Libya,in the second World War.\nCaccia Dominioni had already fought in the First World War; in the Libyan Campaign and in the War in Ethiopia. Finally, after having first been assigned to Military Intelligence (Servizio Informazioni Militare), in 1942 and with the rank of Major , he was given command of the XXXI Battaglione guastatori ( the 31st Sappers battalion) on the El Alamein front, until the defeat of the Axis forces in North Africa.\nJoined the resistance against Benito Mussolini in Italy, was arrested by the Fascist Militia and the Gestapo who however released him, as an officer that had been personally decorated by Erwin Rommel. His book on the Italian Campaign in North Africa, Alamein 1933\u20131962, was translated into English and published by Allen & Unwin in 1966 as Alamein 1933\u20131962: An Italian Story. Caccia Dominioni devoted his postwar career to the retrieving of soldiers' corpses still on the Alamein battlefield and to the design and construction of a cemetery and a memorial building, located on a particular spot on the Alamein battleground named \"Hill 33\" where \u2013 thanks to his twenty years of efforts \u2013 thousands of Italian, German and British unknown fallen soldiers, were eventually identified and received a proper burial.\nDominioni also designed the Italian National Ossario in Murchison, Australia. The ossario holds the remains of 130 Italian prisoners of war and interred civilians who died in while interned in Australia during World War II.He died in Rome in 1992.", "Q962402": "Philar\u00e8te Euphemon Chasles (6 October 1798 \u2013 18 July 1873) was a French critic and man of letters.", "Q1401067": "Phaungkaza Maung Maung (Burmese: \u1016\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a [p\u02b0\u00e0\u028a\u0270\u0303\u0261\u00e1z\u00e1 m\u00e0\u028a\u0270\u0303 m\u00e0\u028a\u0270\u0303]; 15 September 1763 \u2013 11 February 1782) was the fifth king of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma, whose reign lasted six days. Maung Maung, the eldest son of Naungdawgyi, the second king of the Konbaung Dynasty, was granted Phaungga in fief. On 5 February 1782, the 18-year-old Prince of Phaungka seized the throne while his cousin King Singu, was away on tour. His uncle Prince of Badon (later King Bodawpaya) quickly came to palace and deposed him on 11 February 1782. Maung Maung and his chief queen were drowned to death on the same day. He had four queens and no children.", "Q2166029": "The Acad\u00e9mie royale de langue et de litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aises de Belgique - Royal Academy of French Language and Literature of Belgium - or ARLLFB is a Belgian institution which brings together personalities who, through their works, writings, lectures or speeches, have contributed most eminently to the illustration of the French language, either by studying its origins and its evolution, or by publishing works of imagination or criticism. It includes both Belgian and foreign members.\nThe Royal Academy of French Language and Literature of Belgium, also named the \"Destr\u00e9enne\", was founded in 1920 by king Albert I of Belgium, at the suggestion of Jules Destr\u00e9e, minister in charge of Science and Arts. It should not be confused with the Royal Academy of Belgium, the \"Teresian\", founded in 1772 by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria.", "Q209471": "Aristotelis \"Telly\" Savalas (Greek: \u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2; January 21/22, 1922 \u2013 January 22, 1994) was an American film and television actor and singer whose career spanned four decades. Noted for his resonant, deep voice and bald head, Savalas is perhaps best known for his role as Lt. Theo Kojak in the police-drama series Kojak (1973\u20131978). He also released the British one-hit wonder song \"If\", which became a UK number-one single in 1975.Savalas' movie roles include Birdman of Alcatraz (1962) \u2013 for which he was nominated for the Academy Award and Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 The Greatest Story Ever Told, Battle of the Bulge (both 1965), The Dirty Dozen (1967), as super villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld in the James Bond movie On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969), Kelly's Heroes (1970) and Escape to Athena (1979).", "Q363864": "Sabino Tomas Gomez (July 10, 1905 \u2013 June 18, 1971) was an American actor.", "Q473186": "Percival Wood Clement (July 7, 1846 \u2013 January 9, 1927) was an American politician who served as the 57th Governor of the U.S. state of Vermont from 1919 to 1921.", "Q4123823": "Arkady Yurievich Volozh (born 11 February 1964) is a Russian billionaire technology entrepreneur, investor, computer scientist, and philanthropist, best known as the founder and CEO of Yandex. Yandex is a technology company that builds intelligent products and services powered by machine learning; it is one of Europe's largest Internet companies, operating Russia's most popular search engine. Volozh co-founded several IT enterprises and in his early days, and pioneered the development of search with new technology advancements and search software companies.", "Q49003": "Ghost is a 1990 American romantic fantasy thriller film directed by Jerry Zucker, written by Bruce Joel Rubin, and starring Patrick Swayze, Demi Moore, Whoopi Goldberg, Tony Goldwyn, and Rick Aviles.\nThe plot centers on a young woman in jeopardy (Moore), the ghost of her murdered lover (Swayze), and a reluctant psychic (Goldberg) who assists him in saving her.\nGhost was theatrically released on July 13, 1990 by Paramount Pictures. It received mostly positive reviews and was a massive box office success, grossing over $505.83 million on a budget of $22 million becoming the highest-grossing film of 1990. Adjusted for inflation, as of 2015 Ghost was the 93rd-highest-grossing film of all time domestically. The film received five nominations at the 63rd Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Original Score and Best Film Editing, and winning Best Supporting Actress (for Goldberg) and Best Original Screenplay.", "Q210120": "Julia O'Hara Stiles (born March 28, 1981) is an American actress. Born and raised in New York City, Stiles began acting at age 12. Her first film role was in I Love You, I Love You Not (1996), followed by a leading role in the thriller Wicked (1998), for which she was awarded the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival Award for Best Actress. She went on to gain prominence for her lead roles in teen films such as 10 Things I Hate About You (1999) for which she won MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance and was nominated for two Teen Choice Awards, Down to You (2000), for which she was nominated for another two Teen Choice Awards, and Save the Last Dance (2001), winning the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress and was nominated for the MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance.\nStiles moved on to more adult roles, garnering a nomination for the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Motion Picture for her performance in The Business of Strangers (2001), Mona Lisa Smile (2003), and The Omen (2006). She became known to a wider audience for her supporting role alongside Matt Damon as Nicky Parsons in the Bourne film series (2002\u20132016). She had a recurring role as Lumen Pierce in the fifth season of the Showtime series Dexter (2010), a role that earned her nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Series, Miniseries or Television Film and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series. As a member of the cast of Silver Linings Playbook (2012), Stiles was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.\nStiles stars in the Sky Atlantic series Riviera (2018\u2013present), and appears in the Blue web series also broadcast on television (2012\u20132015). Other film roles include romantic comedy The Prince and Me (2004), noir-inspired drama-thriller A Little Trip to Heaven (2005), British-Canadian co-production The Cry of the Owl (2009), Between Us (2012), Out of the Dark (2014), and with Anthony Hopkins in Blackway (2016) (also known as Go with Me).", "Q229979": "Kathleen Erin \"Kate\" Walsh (born October 13, 1967) is an American actress and businesswoman. Her roles include Dr. Addison Montgomery on the ABC television dramas Grey's Anatomy and Private Practice, Rebecca Wright on the short-lived NBC sitcom Bad Judge, Olivia Baker on the Netflix drama series 13 Reasons Why and The Handler in The Umbrella Academy.\n\n", "Q10176": "The University of Lyon (French: Universit\u00e9 de Lyon), located in Lyon and Saint-\u00c9tienne, France, is a center for higher education and research comprising 12 members and 25 associated institutions. The three main universities in this center are: Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, which focuses upon health and science studies and has approximately 27,000 students; Lumi\u00e8re University Lyon 2, which focuses upon the social sciences and has about 30,000 students; Jean Moulin University Lyon 3, which focuses upon the law and humanities with about 20,000 students.", "Q399076": "Agust\u00edn Almod\u00f3var Caballero (born 1955) is a film producer and younger brother of filmmaker Pedro Almod\u00f3var.\nHe was born in Calzada de Calatrava and obtained a degree in chemistry from the Complutense University of Madrid.\nHe began his career in film production as a messenger in Fernando Trueba's film S\u00e9 infiel y no mires con qui\u00e9n.\nIn 1986, he and Pedro founded their own production company, El Deseo S.A. Through this company he has produced all of Pedro's films since 1986, and several French co-productions.\nHe is a member of the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain.", "Q59210": "Mario Soldati (17 November 1906 \u2013 19 June 1999) was an Italian writer and film director. In 1954 he won the Strega Prize for Lettere da Capri. He directed several works adapted from novels, and worked with leading Italian actresses, such as Sophia Loren and Gina Lollobrigida.", "Q64807": "Werner Lorenz (October 2, 1891 \u2013 March 13, 1974) was an SS functionary during the Nazi era. He was head of the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle (VOMI) (Main Office for Ethnic Germans), an organization charged with resettling ethnic Germans in the \"German Reich\" from other parts of Europe, as well as colonising the occupied lands during World War II. After the war, Lorenz was sentenced to prison for crimes against humanity in 1948. He was released in 1955 and died in 1974.", "Q1569495": "Lecturer is an academic rank within many universities, though the meaning of the term varies somewhat from country to country. It generally denotes an academic expert who is hired to teach on a full- or part-time basis. They may also conduct research.", "Q723047": "Henry (or Henri) Padovani (born 13 October 1952) is a French musician (from the Mediterranean French isle of Corsica), noted for being the original guitarist with the Police. He was a member of the band from December 1976 to August 1977 and was replaced by Andy Summers, who had originally been part of the band as a second guitarist. Following his departure from the band, Padovani was handed the rhythm guitar spot with Wayne County & the Electric Chairs, who at the time were far better known than the Police.", "Q242128": "Anna Louise Strong (November 24, 1885 \u2013 March 29, 1970) was an American journalist and activist, best known for her reporting on and support for communist movements in the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. She wrote over 30 books and varied articles.", "Q2303621": "Boston Conservatory at Berklee (formerly The Boston Conservatory) is a performing arts conservatory associated with the Berklee College of Music and located in Boston, Massachusetts. It grants undergraduate and graduate degrees in music, dance and theater.Founded in 1867, the conservatory offers Bachelor of Fine Arts, Bachelor of Music, Master of Fine Arts and Master of Music degrees, as well as Graduate Performance Diplomas, Artist Diplomas, and Professional Studies Certificates.In 2016, Berklee College of Music and The Boston Conservatory merged. The combined institution, located in Boston's historic Back Bay and Fenway neighborhoods, is now known as \"Berklee,\" with the conservatory being \"Boston Conservatory at Berklee.\"", "Q4679786": "Adam Silver (born April 25, 1962) is an American businessman, lawyer and sports executive who is the fifth and current commissioner of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He joined the NBA in 1992 and has held various positions within the league, becoming chief operating officer and deputy commissioner under his predecessor and mentor David Stern in 2006. When Stern retired in 2014, Silver was named the new commissioner.\nWhile commissioner, the league continued to grow economically and globally, especially in China. Silver made headlines in 2014 for forcing Donald Sterling to sell the Los Angeles Clippers after Sterling made racist remarks; later banning him for life from the game. Silver also received international attention for his neutral positioning of NBA during the 2019 Hong Kong protests.", "Q428814": "Per Husby (born 2 April 1949 in Oslo) is a Norwegian jazz pianist, composer, teacher, civil engineer, and orchestra leader known for a number of recordings.", "Q966894": "Jacques Pierre Bainville ([\u0292ak b\u025b\u0303.vil]; February 9, 1879 \u2013 February 9, 1936) was a French historian and journalist. A geopolitical theorist, concerned by Franco-German relations, he was a leading figure in the monarchist Action Fran\u00e7aise. As fascinated as he was worried by Germany which continuously grew stronger, he intensely advocated against democracy, the French Revolution, internationalism and liberalism.\nA plaza is named after him at the heart of the 7th arrondissement of Paris.\n\n", "Q119194": "Cristina Perincioli (born November 11, 1946 in Bern, Switzerland) is a Swiss film director, writer, multimedia producer and webauthor. She has lived in Berlin, Germany since 1968.\n\n", "Q90038": "Heinz Gappmayr (7 October 1925; Innsbruck \u2013 20 April 2010; Innsbruck) was an Austrian artist who created works of visual poetry.", "Q128349": "Wichita Falls ( WITCH-i-tah) is a city in and the county seat of Wichita County, Texas, United States. It is the principal city of the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Archer, Clay, and Wichita counties. According to the 2010 census, it had a population of 104,553, making it the 38th-most populous city in Texas. In addition, its central business district is 5 miles (8 km) from Sheppard Air Force Base, which is home to the Air Force's largest technical training wing and the Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot Training program, the world's only multinationally staffed and managed flying training program chartered to produce combat pilots for both USAF and NATO.\nThe city is home to the Newby-McMahon Building (otherwise known as the \"world's littlest skyscraper\"), constructed downtown in 1919 and featured in Robert Ripley's Ripley's Believe It or Not!.", "Q12749": "Kazimierz Bein (1872 \u2013 June 15, 1959), often referred to by his pseudonym Kabe, was a Polish ophthalmologist, the founder and sometime director of the Warsaw Ophthalmic Institute (Warszawski Instytut Oftalmiczny).\nHe was also, for a time, a prominent Esperanto author, translator and activist, until in 1911 he suddenly, without explanation, abandoned the Esperanto movement. Bein became at least as well known for his involvement with Esperanto as for his medical accomplishments, and as much for the manner in which he left the Esperanto movement as for what he had accomplished within it.", "Q101903": "Katharina Matz is a Czech-born German film and television actress.\n\n", "Q862358": "William Tulloch Paterson (born 3 June 1945) is a Scottish actor and commentator. He has appeared in many film and television projects including Comfort and Joy (1984), Truly, Madly, Deeply (1990), Wives and Daughters (1999), Sea of Souls (2004\u20132007), Amazing Grace (2006), Miss Potter (2006), and PBS's Little Dorrit (2008). He most recently appeared in Phoebe Waller-Bridge's Fleabag as the title character's father (2016\u20132019).", "Q97757": "Paul Friedrich Wolfgang Mederow (30 June 1887 \u2013 17 December 1974) was a German stage and film actor.\nMederow was born in Stralsund, in the Prussian province of Pomerania and died at age 87 in Brissago, Ticino, Switzerland.", "Q201005": "Anatoly Borisovich Chubais (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0441; born 16 June 1955) is a Russian politician and businessman of Russian and Jewish origin who was responsible for privatization in Russia as an influential member of Boris Yeltsin's administration in the early 1990s. During this period, he was a key figure in introducing market economy and the principles of private ownership to Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union.\nFrom 1998 to 2008, he headed the state-owned electrical power monopoly RAO UES. A 2004 survey conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers and the Financial Times named him the world's 54th most respected business leader. Currently, he is the head of the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation (RUSNANO). He has been a member of the Advisory Council for JPMorgan Chase since September 2008 and a member of global board of advisers at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) since October 2012.", "Q354038": "Philip Dorn (born Hein van der Niet, 30 September 1901 \u2013 9 May 1975), sometimes billed as Frits van Dongen (his screen name for German films prior to World War II), was a Dutch American actor who had a career in Hollywood. He was best known for portraying the father in the film I Remember Mama (1948).", "Q841581": "Sofia University, \"St. Kliment Ohridski\" at the University of Sofia, (Bulgarian: \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u201e\u0421\u0432. \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041e\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c, Sofijski universitet \u201eSv. Kliment Ohridski\u201c) is the oldest higher education institution in Bulgaria.\nFounded on 1 October 1888, the edifice of the university was constructed between 1924 and 1934 with the financial support of the brothers Evlogi Georgiev and Hristo Georgiev (whose sculptures are now featured on its fa\u00e7ade) and has an area of 18,624 m\u00b2 and a total of 324 premises. The university has 16 faculties and three departments, where over 21,000 students receive their education. The current rector is Anastas Gerdzhikov.\nIt has been consistently ranked as the top university in Bulgaria according to national and international rankings, being constantly among the best four percent of world universities according to QS World University Rankings.", "Q257243": "Margaret Moran Cho (Korean: \uc870\ubaa8\ub780; born December 5, 1968) is an American stand-up comedian, actress, fashion designer, author, and singer-songwriter. Cho is best known for her stand-up routines, through which she critiques social and political problems, especially regarding race and sexuality. She rose to prominence after creating and starring in the ABC sitcom All-American Girl (1994\u201395), and became an established stand-up comic in the subsequent years.\nShe has also had endeavors in fashion and music, and has her own clothing line. Cho has also frequently supported LGBT rights and has won awards for her humanitarian efforts on behalf of women, Asian Americans, and the LGBT community.\nAs an actress, she has acted in such roles as Charlene Lee in It's My Party and John Travolta's FBI colleague in the action movie Face/Off. Cho was part of the cast of the TV series Drop Dead Diva on Lifetime Television, in which she appeared as Teri Lee, a paralegal assistant. In 2012 she was nominated for an Emmy Award for her guest starring role as Dictator Kim Jong-il on 30 Rock.", "Q387260": "\u015arem [\u0255r\u025bm] (German: Schrimm) is a town on the Warta river in central Poland. It has been in the Greater Poland Voivodeship since 1999; from 1975 to 1998 it was part of the Pozna\u0144 Voivodeship. As of 1995, the population of \u015arem was 29,800.\n\u015arem is 45 kilometres (28 miles) to the south of Pozna\u0144, a local road junction on the road from Pozna\u0144 to Rawicz; other roads lead from the town to Wrze\u015bnia, Leszno and G\u0142uchowo. The \u015arem District has a population of 39,672, of which about 31,000 live in the town of \u015arem.", "Q277193": "Daniel Wu Yan-Zu (Chinese: \u5433\u5f65\u7956; pinyin: W\u00fa Y\u00e0nz\u01d4; born September 30, 1974) is an Hong Kong-American actor, director and producer. He is known as a \"flexible and distinctive\" leading actor in the Chinese language film industry. Since his film debut in 1998, he has been featured in over 60 films. He also stars in the AMC martial arts drama series Into the Badlands.", "Q821275": "Indira Gandhi International Airport (IATA: DEL, ICAO: VIDP) serves as the major international aviation hub of the Indian capital city of New Delhi as well as India. The airport, spread over an area of 5,106 acres (2,066 ha), is situated in Palam, 15 km (9.3 mi) south-west of the New Delhi railway station and 16 km (9.9 mi) from New Delhi city centre. Named after former Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi, it is the busiest airport in India in terms of passenger traffic since 2009. It is also the busiest airport in the country in terms of cargo traffic, overtaking Mumbai during late 2015. In the calendar year 2018, it was the 12th busiest airport in the world and 6th busiest airport in Asia by passenger traffic handling nearly 70 million passengers. It is the world's busiest airport for Airbus A320 aircraft. The under construction expansion program will increase the airport's capacity to handle 100 million passengers by 2030.The airport was operated by the Indian Air Force before its management was transferred to the Airports Authority of India. In May 2006, the management of the airport was passed over to Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL), a consortium led by the GMR Group. In September 2008, the airport inaugurated a 4,430 m (14,530 ft) runway. With the commencement of operations at Terminal 3 in 2010, it became India's and South Asia's largest aviation hub. The Terminal 3 building has a capacity to handle 34 million passengers annually and is the world's 8th largest passenger terminal. The airport uses an advanced system called Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) to help keep takeoffs and landings timely and predictable.In 2010, IGIA was conferred the fourth best airport award in the world in the 15\u201325 million category, and Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region by Airports Council International. The airport was rated as the Best airport in the world in the 25\u201340 million passengers category in 2015, by Airports Council International. Delhi Airport was awarded The Best Airport in Central Asia and Best Airport Staff in Central Asia at the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2015. IGI also stood first in the new rankings for 2015 Airport Service Quality (ASQ) Awards conducted by Airports Council International. The airport, along with Mumbai Airport was adjudged \"World's Best Airport\" at Airport Service Quality Awards 2017 in the highest category of airports handling more than 40 million passengers annually.The other airport serving Delhi NCR is Hindon Airport which is much smaller in size and primarily handles regional flights out of the city under the government's UDAN. Safdarjung Airport is used mainly by VVIP helicopters and small charter helicopters due to its short runway. Jewar Airport is being planned to offset the load of Indira Gandhi International Airport.", "Q925761": "Eric Ronald Griffiths (31 October 1940 \u2013 29 January 2005) was an English musician and dry cleaner, he was best known as the guitarist in the original lineup of The Quarrymen until he left the group in the summer of 1958.", "Q292679": "Please do not contribute text in a foreign language to English Wikipedia. Your contributions are more than welcome at a Wikipedia in your language. Thank you.\n\neRikm is a French improviser, composer and visual artist who has been active in art since 1992. He is noted for his work with turntables.\nQuickly recognised as a virtuoso turntablist and sound artist, eRikm has made a longlife habit of crossing all territories and \u00ab world-systems \u00bb deemed \"independent\", \"institutional\".\nAt the same time, he has developed an open and aspirational approach toward the technological media, both as a means of development for a new economic model and as an instrument for creation, production and diffusion. His work references both the intimate and political, both popular and high culture.\nHe is most well known for his improvisational collaborations. Notable collaborators include: Luc Ferrari, Christian Marclay, Dieb13, Otomo Yoshihide, Mathilde Monnier, Les percussions de Strasbourg, and FM Einheit.\nSince 1997, on his own or with collaborators, eRikm has toured (with 5-7 on-tour projects to date), or created by request specific pieces, both transversal or for fixed spaces (record labels, radio, festivals, art centres\u2026)\nIn the meanwhile, each time building on what has emerged before, the most personal fragments from his work (notably from his early artworks in photography, drawings, visual installations and video) continue to substantiate a singular kaleidoscopic vision.", "Q432694": "Patricia Helen Kennedy Lawford (May 6, 1924 \u2013 September 17, 2006) was an American socialite and the sixth of nine children of Rose and Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. She was a sister of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and Senator Ted Kennedy. Pat wanted to be a film producer, a profession not readily open to young women in her time. She married English actor Peter Lawford in 1954, but they divorced in 1966.", "Q70872": "Paul Levi (11 March 1883 \u2013 9 February 1930) was a German Communist and Social Democratic political leader. He was the head of the Communist Party of Germany following the assassination of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht in 1919. After being expelled for publicly criticising Communist Party tactics during the March Action, he formed the Communist Working Organisation (KAG / Kommunistische Arbeitsgemeinschaft) which in 1922 merged with the Independent Social Democratic Party. This party, in turn, merged with the Social Democratic Party a few months later and Levi became one of the leaders of its left wing.", "Q132311": "Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction set in a fictional universe, often inspired by real world myth and folklore. Its roots are in oral traditions, which then became fantasy literature and drama. From the twentieth century it has expanded further into various media, including film, television, graphic novels, manga and video games.\nFantasy is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes respectively, though these genres overlap. In popular culture, the fantasy genre predominantly features settings of a medieval nature. In its broadest sense, however, fantasy consists of works by many writers, artists, filmmakers, and musicians from ancient myths and legends to many recent and popular works.\n\n", "Q5372719": "Emma Amos (born 16 March 1938) is a postmodernist African-American painter and printmaker.", "Q1311013": "Germain Boffrand (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u025b\u0281m\u025b\u0303 b\u0254f\u0281\u0251\u0303]) (16 May 1667 \u2013 19 March 1754) was a French architect. A pupil of Jules Hardouin-Mansart, Germain Boffrand was one of the main creators of the precursor to Rococo called the style R\u00e9gence, and in his interiors, of the Rococo itself. In his exteriors he held to a monumental Late Baroque classicism with some innovations in spatial planning that were exceptional in France His major commissions, culminating in his interiors at the H\u00f4tel de Soubise, were memorialised in his treatise Livre d'architecture, published in 1745, which served to disseminate the French \"Louis XV\" style throughout Europe.", "Q29049015": "Carmen Garayalde Zubizarreta (August 8, 1913 \u2013 September 8, 2002) was an Uruguayan teacher, exiled political activist, and artist.", "Q92149": "Horst Br\u00fcnner (1929\u20132008) was deputy Defense Minister in the East German Council of Ministers and chief of the Central Political Administration of the National People's Army.", "Q172053": "Luiz-Pereira Bueno also known as Luiz Bueno (16 January 1937 \u2013 8 February 2011) was a race car driver from Brazil. He participated in one World Championship Formula One Grand Prix, on 11 February 1973. He scored no championship points. He also participated in several non-championship Formula One races.\nBueno died of cancer, aged 74.\n\n", "Q975630": "Minoru Chiaki (\u5343\u79cb \u5b9f, Chiaki Minoru, April 28, 1917 \u2013 November 1, 1999) was a Japanese actor who appeared in such films as Akira Kurosawa's Rashomon, Seven Samurai and The Hidden Fortress. Later in his career, he appeared as a secondary actor in many Toei films. In 1986, he was given the Best Actor prize at the Japan Academy Prize ceremony for his performance in Toei's Gray Sunset (1985).", "Q353031": "Vladek Sheybal (born W\u0142adys\u0142aw Rudolf Zbigniew Sheybal; 12 March 1923 \u2013 16 October 1992) was a Polish character actor, singer and director of both television and stage productions. He was well known for his portrayal of the chess grandmaster Kronsteen in the James Bond film From Russia with Love (1963), a role for which he had been personally recommended by his friend Sean Connery, and as Otto Leipzig in Smiley's People (1982).He became a naturalised British citizen, but remained \"fiercely proud of his homeland and its culture.\"", "Q260389": "Go into Your Dance is a 1935 American musical film starring Al Jolson, Ruby Keeler, and Glenda Farrell. The film was directed by Archie Mayo and is based on the novel of the same name by Bradford Ropes. It was released by Warner Bros. on April 20, 1935. An irresponsible Broadway star gets mixed up with gambling and gangsters.", "Q530097": "Raul Proen\u00e7a (May 10, 1884 \u2013 May 20, 1941) was a Portuguese writer, journalist, and intellectual. Born in Caldas da Rainha, Proen\u00e7a earned a degree in economic and financial sciences from the Instituto Industrial e Comercial de Lisboa. He was a founder of the magazine Seara Nova. In 1927, Proen\u00e7a was exiled to Paris. Proen\u00e7a returned to Portugal in 1932. He was hospitalized for mental illness, but died of typhoid fever in Porto.\nProen\u00e7a was a supporter of Lamarckian evolution. He argued that Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was the true founder of evolution.", "Q3777": "Ouagadougou (, Mossi: [\u02c8w\u0254\u0263\u0259d\u0259\u0263\u028a], French: [wa\u0261adu\u0261u]) is the capital of Burkina Faso and the administrative, communications, cultural, and economic centre of the nation. It is also the country's largest city, with a population of 2,200,000 in 2015. The city's name is often shortened to Ouaga. The inhabitants are called ouagalais. The spelling of the name Ouagadougou is derived from the French orthography common in former French African colonies.\nOuagadougou's primary industries are food processing and textiles. It is served by an international airport and is linked by rail to Abidjan in the Ivory Coast and, for freight only, to Kaya. There are several highways linking the city to Niamey, Niger, south to Ghana, and southwest to Ivory Coast. Ouagadougou has one of West Africa's largest markets, which burned down in 2003 and has since reopened with better facilities and improved fire-prevention measures. Other attractions include the National Museum of Burkina Faso, the Moro-Naba Palace (site of the Moro-Naba Ceremony), the National Museum of Music, and several craft markets.", "Q56260975": "Girls' Generation-Oh!GG (Hangul:\uc18c\ub140\uc2dc\ub300-Oh!GG) is the second sub-unit of South Korean girl group Girls' Generation, formed by SM Entertainment in 2018. Composed of the five Girls' Generation members who remained with the agency: Taeyeon, Sunny, Hyoyeon, Yuri, and Yoona, Oh!GG officially debuted in September 2018 with the single \"Lil' Touch\".", "Q2565099": "Shazzan is an American animated television series, created by Alex Toth and produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions that aired on CBS from September 9, 1967 to January 20, 1968 and continued reruns until September 6, 1969. The series follows the adventures of two teenage siblings, Chuck and Nancy, traveling around a mystical Arabian world, mounted on Kaboobie the flying camel. During their journey they face several dangers, but they are aided by Shazzan, a genie with magical powers.", "Q287274": "Waking the Dead is a 2000 drama film directed by Keith Gordon and starring Billy Crudup and Jennifer Connelly. The screenplay by Robert Dillon is based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Scott Spencer.", "Q242896": "Vanessa Hessler (born January 21, 1988) is an Italian model and actress. A model since she was 15, Hessler has appeared in many publications throughout Italy, Germany and France.", "Q357257": "Federico Ram\u00f3n Puerta (born September 9, 1951) is an Argentine Peronist politician who has served as a governor, senator and national deputy and effectively acted as President of Argentina during 2001.", "Q98302": "Martin Gauger (August 4, 1905 Elberfeld \u2013 July 14, 1941 Pirna) was a German jurist and pacifist from Wuppertal, Rhenish Prussia. He was a member of the Kreisau Circle which sought to overthrow the National Socialist regime in Germany during the Second World War.\nHe was the fifth of eight children. From 1924-1930 he studied legal science and economics in T\u00fcbingen, Kiel, London, Berlin and Breslau. In 1934, as a lawyer in the office of the public prosecutor in M\u00fcnchen-Gladbach, Gauger refused to take the required oath of allegiance to Hitler and resigned from the civil service. In a subsequent post as legal advisor to the Bekenntniskirche (confessing church) he devoted himself to the resistance movement. On 17. May 1940 he fled to the Netherlands by swimming across the Rhine River. Unfortunately he arrived just as the German Wehrmacht invaded the neutral country. He was wounded and captured, imprisoned till June 1941 in D\u00fcsseldorf-Derendorf. On the 12. June he was brought to Buchenwald concentration camp, and then (14.7.1941) to Sonnenstein Euthanasia Centre, where he was killed.", "Q377187": "Nir Zidkyahu (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05d9\u05e8 \u05e6\u05d3\u05e7\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u200e, [\u02c8nir t\u0361sid\u02c8kijahu], born November 1967 in Rishon LeZion, Israel), also known as Nir Z, is a studio-session drummer, and the brother of Blackfield's drummer Tomer Z. He played the drums for eight songs on Genesis' 1997 album, Calling All Stations, and subsequently joined the band for their 1998 tour.\nIn 2001, he drummed on John Mayer's breakthrough album, Room for Squares. Since then, he has played drums and percussion for various artists including Jason Mraz, Joss Stone and Alana Davis. In 2006, he recorded with Flaw on their Endangered Species record and with Chris Cornell on his second solo album, Carry On, released 2007. Zidkyahu played on several songs of the comeback album, Skyscraper, for former Journey singer Steve Augeri's original band Tall Stories, released January 23, 2009. In 2009, Zidkyahu went on tour drumming for Billy Squier. Now living in Nashville, TN, Nir has become one of the top session drummers in Music City.\n\nZidkyahu was hired by Toontrack to record the drums samples for their virtual drummer programs Superior Drummer 2.0, New York Studios Vol.2 SDX, and New York Studios Vol.3 SDX.", "Q273493": "\u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, commonly known as Sup\u00e9lec (French pronunciation: \u200b[sypel\u025bk]), was a French graduate school of engineering. It was the top grande \u00e9cole in France in the field of Electrical engineering, Energy and Information sciences.\nFounded in 1894 and initially located in the 15th district of Paris, it was moved to Gif-sur-Yvette in 1975. Since then, two more campuses have been established, in Rennes in 1972 and Metz in 1985. It is a member of Top Industrial Managers for Europe (TIME) network. It is also a member of the CESAER Association and n+i Engineering Studies.\nIn 2015, Sup\u00e9lec merged with \u00c9cole Centrale Paris and became CentraleSup\u00e9lec. CentraleSup\u00e9lec is a member of Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay.\n\n", "Q446673": "Caron Bernstein (born 16 August 1970, is a South African model, actress, and singer-songwriter. She was born in Johannesburg, South Africa.", "Q542367": "The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band is an American country rock band. The group has existed in various forms since its founding in Long Beach, California, in 1966. The band's membership has had at least a dozen changes over the years, including a period from 1976 to 1981 when the band performed and recorded as the Dirt Band.\nConstant members since the early times are singer-guitarist Jeff Hanna and drummer Jimmie Fadden. Multi-instrumentalist John McEuen was with the band from 1966 to 1986 and returned during 2001, staying 16 years, then departing again in November 2017. Keyboardist Bob Carpenter joined the band in 1977. The band is often cited as instrumental to the progression of contemporary country and roots music.\nThe band's successes include a cover version of Jerry Jeff Walker's \"Mr. Bojangles\". Albums include 1972's Will the Circle be Unbroken, featuring such traditional country artists as Mother Maybelle Carter, Earl Scruggs, Roy Acuff, Doc Watson, Merle Travis, and Jimmy Martin. A follow-up album based on the same concept, Will the Circle Be Unbroken: Volume Two was released in 1989, was certified gold, won two Grammys, and was named Album of the Year at the Country Music Association Awards.", "Q243550": "Necmettin Erbakan (29 October 1926 \u2013 27 February 2011) was a Turkish politician, engineer, and academic who was the Prime Minister of Turkey from 1996 to 1997. He was pressured by the military to step down as prime minister and was later banned from politics by the Constitutional Court of Turkey for violating the separation of religion and state as mandated by the constitution.The political ideology and movement founded by Erbakan, Mill\u00ee G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, calls for the strengthening of Islamic values in Turkey and turning away from what Erbakan perceived to be the negative secular influence of the Western world in favor of closer relations to Muslim countries. Erbakan's political views conflicted with the core principle of secularism in Turkey, culminating in his removal from office. With the Mill\u00ee G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ideology, Erbakan was the founder and leader of several prominent Islamic political parties in Turkey from the 1960s to the 2010s, namely the National Order Party (MNP), the National Salvation Party (MSP), the Welfare Party (RP), the Virtue Party (FP), and the Felicity Party (SP).\n\n", "Q1509407": "The Islamic Iran Participation Front (Persian: \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u200e; Jebheye Mosharekate Iran-e Eslaami) is a reformist political party in Iran. It is sometimes described as the most dominant member within the 2nd of Khordad Front.According to Muhammad Sahimi, it is \"the largest political party in Iran, with thousands of members, tens of thousands of activists and sympathizers, and offices in most cities and towns\".The party took 189 of the 290 seats (65%) in the Sixth Majlis.", "Q348377": "Jean de L\u00e9ry (1536\u20131613) was an explorer, writer and Reformed pastor born in Lamargelle, C\u00f4te-d'Or, France. Scholars disagree about whether he was a member of the lesser nobility or merely a shoemaker. Either way, he was not a public figure prior to accompanying a small group of fellow Protestants to their new colony on an island in the Bay of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 1557 to 1558. There he produced the first known transcriptions of native American music: two chants of the Tupinamb\u00e1, near Rio de Janeiro.. The colony, France Antarctique was founded by the Chevalier de Villegaignon, with promises of religious freedom, but on arrival, the Chevalier contested the Protestants' beliefs and persecuted them. After eight months the Protestants left their colony and survived for a short time on the mainland, living amongst the Tupinamba Indians. These events were the basis of de Lery's book, History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil, Also Called America (1578). Exhausted and starving, they then returned to France aboard a pirate ship.\n\nThroughout this book, L\u00e9ry describes his voyage across the Atlantic to Brazil. On the way he encounters never before seen ocean wildlife that foreshadows many more discoveries to follow. While on the ship he and his men develop new skills of judging and navigating the winds, stars, currents, and tides. Upon arrival, L\u00e9ry and his men are exposed to what seems to be an entirely new world. Throughout the body, the crew encounters a wide variety of people in an area not yet affected by European colonization. With the main goals set at Protestant Reformation, these men face many more challenges than expected, however make discoveries and encounter new things beyond their wildest dreams. L\u00e9ry witnessed the Tupinamba engage in war and cannibalize their enemies.\nOn his return to France, de L\u00e9ry married unhappily and became a Protestant minister. He endured and chronicled the Siege of Sancerre, remarking in his book, History of the City of Sancerre (1574) that his hardships in Brazil served him well, because he taught his fellow soldiers to make hammocks and eat anything, including shoe soles (though cannibalism still repelled him). \nDuring the siege of Sancerre, a Calvinist married couple and an old woman were caught boiling the couple's dead daughter in a cauldron for food. L\u00e9ry devoted the tenth chapter of his account of the siege to describing and evaluating this episode of European Protestant cannibalism. Historian Adam Asher Duker has argued that L\u00e9ry equated the residents of Sancerre with the cannibalistic Israelites of the Old Testament, and that he believed his own Huguenot community to be the worst of all cannibals, as they ate each other despite their highest understanding of the will of God.", "Q1029252": "Jean-Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my Camille Polonceau (29 October 1813 \u2013 21 September 1859) was a French railway systems engineer. He was born in Chambery, France, and died in the French commune Viry-Chatillon.\nIn 1839 he invented the Polonceau truss, a method of roof construction considered \"one of the most successful roof designs of the nineteenth century\".Polonceau's name is one of the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower.", "Q45177": "The Visa Waiver Program (VWP) is a program of the US government that allows citizens of specific countries to travel to the United States for tourism, business, or while in transit for up to 90 days without having to obtain a visa. The program applies to the 50 states and District of Columbia, as well as Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands, with limited application to other US territories.\nAll of the countries selected by the US government to be in the program are high-income economies with a very high Human Development Index that are generally regarded as developed countries.", "Q436394": "Paula Elizabeth Yates (24 April 1959 \u2013 17 September 2000) was an English television presenter and writer. Yates is best known for her work on two television programmes, The Tube and The Big Breakfast. She was the girlfriend of musician Bob Geldof from 1976 to 1986 and was married to him from 1986 to 1996. She was also in a relationship with musician Michael Hutchence from the mid-1990s until Hutchence's death in 1997. Yates died of a heroin overdose in 2000.", "Q19861328": "Arnulf of Sens (c.794 \u2013 April, 841) was a Frankish noble, an illegitimate son of the Louis the Pious, son of Charlemagne. He had one sister, Alpa\u00efs de Paris, abbess of St-Pierre de Reims.\nArnulf's grandfather Charlemagne died in 814 with his father Louis becoming Emperor. Three years later in 817, Arnulf, was appointed count of Sens in Burgundy. He was the first son of Louis the Pious, but he did not inherit land because his birth was illegitimate. In April 841, a year after his father had died, he died at Sens.", "Q349069": "Kevin Adam Curtis (born 26 May 1955) is a British documentary filmmaker. His favourite theme is \"power and how it works in society\", and his works explore areas of sociology, psychology, philosophy and political history. Curtis has called himself \"fundamentally a historian\", and has described his work as journalism that happens to be expounded via film. His films have won four BAFTAs. He has worked for the BBC throughout his career.", "Q1811819": "Lee David Harris (born 20 July 1962) is an English drummer and musician. Harris attended The Deanes School with Paul Webb, and they became good friends. They played in the reggae band Eskalator before being recruited to form Talk Talk in 1981. Harris played drums for Talk Talk until 1991. In the early 1990s, he and Webb formed .O.rang. He played drums on the Beth Gibbons and Webb's album Out of Season (2002), Midnight Choir's Waiting for the Bricks to Fall (2003) and Bark Psychosis' Codename: Dustsucker (2004). He was also part of Ian Tregoning's Magnetik North project.", "Q370830": "Tintin and the Blue Oranges (French: Tintin et les Oranges bleues) is a 1964 French film directed by Philippe Condroyer and starring Jean-Pierre Talbot as Tintin. It was the second live-action movie, with an original story based on characters from the comic book series The Adventures of Tintin, written and drawn by the Belgian artist Herg\u00e9. The accompanying book version is in photos and text rather than the usual comic-book style.\nThe term \"blue orange\" is a moderately popular image among the French, and was originally inspired by Paul \u00c9luard's strange quote \"Earth is blue like an orange\" as a reference to the colour of the fruit when it rots.", "Q15998": "Joseph Jan van Crombrugghe (22 September 1770 \u2013 10 March 1842) was a lawyer and a politician in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and later in Belgium.\nHe was member of the provincial council (Dutch: Provinciale Staten) of Oost-Vlaanderen (1816\u20131817), member of the House of Commons of the Staten-Generaal (1817\u20131824), burgomaster of Sint-Martens-Leerne (1820\u20131825), burgomaster of Ghent (1825\u20131836, 1840\u20131842) and a member of the Provincial Council of Oost-Vlaanderen (1836\u20131842) for the liberal party.", "Q309459": "Paradise Now (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u200e) is a 2005 film directed by Hany Abu-Assad about two Palestinian men preparing for a suicide attack in Israel. It won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and was nominated for an Academy Award in the same category.\n\"The film is an artistic point of view of that political issue,\" Abu-Assad said. \"The politicians want to see it as black and white, good and evil, and art wants to see it as a human thing.\"", "Q253757": "Grace Moore (December 5, 1898 \u2013 January 26, 1947) was an American operatic soprano and actress in musical theatre and film. She was nicknamed the \"Tennessee Nightingale.\" Her films helped to popularize opera by bringing it to a larger audience. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in One Night of Love.\nIn 1947, Moore died in a plane crash at the age of 48. She published an autobiography in 1944 titled You're Only Human Once. In 1953, a film about her life was released titled So This Is Love starring Kathryn Grayson.", "Q1070333": "The University of Arkansas (U of A, UArk, or UA) is a public land-grant, research university in Fayetteville, Arkansas. It is the flagship campus of the University of Arkansas System and the largest, best-known university in the state. Founded as Arkansas Industrial University in 1871, its present name was adopted in 1899 and classes were first held on January 22, 1872. It is noted for its strong architecture, agriculture (particularly animal science and poultry science), business, communication disorders, creative writing, history, law, and Middle Eastern studies programs.Enrollment for the fall semester of 2018 was 27,778. The university campus consists of 378 buildings spread across 512 acres (2.07 km2) of land in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Some well known architecture on campus includes Old Main, the first permanent academic building erected. Academic programs are in excess of 200. The ratio of students to faculty is approximately 19:1. The university also received a combined total of $103.2 million in research awards for the 2017 fiscal year.UA's athletic teams, the Arkansas Razorbacks, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) with eight men's teams and eleven women's teams in thirteen sports. The University is known for its traditions, including Calling the Hogs at sports events, and Senior Walk, more than 4 miles (6.4 km) of campus sidewalk etched with the names of all UA graduates since 1871. The University of Arkansas has a strong Greek life tradition, including the founding chapter of the Chi Omega sorority, and the largest fraternity chapter in North America, Kappa Sigma.", "Q796830": "Treasure Island is a two-part British television miniseries adaptation of the novel Treasure Island (1883) by Robert Louis Stevenson. The screenplay was written by Stewart Harcourt, produced by Laurie Borg and directed by Steve Barron. It was made by BSkyB and first shown in the United Kingdom on Sky1 on 1 & 2 January 2012.", "Q1200678": "A mystery film is a genre of film that revolves around the solution of a problem or a crime. It focuses on the efforts of the detective, private investigator or amateur sleuth to solve the mysterious circumstances of an issue by means of clues, investigation, and clever deduction.\nThe plot often centers on the deductive ability, prowess, confidence, or diligence of the detective as they attempt to unravel the crime or situation by piecing together clues and circumstances, seeking evidence, interrogating witnesses, and tracking down a criminal.\nSuspense is often maintained as an important plot element. This can be done through the use of the soundtrack, camera angles, heavy shadows, and surprising plot twists. Alfred Hitchcock used all of these techniques, but would sometimes allow the audience in on a pending threat then draw out the moment for dramatic effect.\nThis genre has ranged from early mystery tales, fictional or literary detective stories, to classic Hitchcockian suspense-thrillers to classic private detective films. A related film subgenre is spy films.\n\n", "Q166032": "The Washington Post (sometimes abbreviated to WaPo) is a major American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area. Daily broadsheet editions are printed for the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia.\nThe newspaper has won 47 Pulitzer Prizes. This includes six separate Pulitzers awarded in 2008, second only to The New York Times's seven awards in 2002 for the highest number ever awarded to a single newspaper in one year. Post journalists have also received 18 Nieman Fellowships and 368 White House News Photographers Association awards. In the early 1970s, in the best-known episode in the newspaper's history, reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein led the American press's investigation into what became known as the Watergate scandal. Their reporting in The Washington Post greatly contributed to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. In years since, the Post's investigations have led to increased review of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center.In October 2013, the paper's longtime controlling family, the Graham family, sold the newspaper to Nash Holdings, a holding company established by Jeff Bezos, for $250 million in cash.", "Q35484": "Medina, also transliterated as Mad\u012bnah (Hejazi pronunciation: [alma\u02c8di\u02d0na]), is the capital of the Al-Madinah Region in Saudi Arabia. At the city's heart is al-Masjid an-Nabawi ('The Prophet's Mosque'), which is the burial place of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. Medina is one of the three holiest cities in Islam, the other two being Mecca and Jerusalem.\nMedina was Muhammad's destination in his Hijrah (migration) from Mecca, and became the capital of a rapidly increasing Muslim Empire, under Muhammad's leadership, serving as the power base of Islam, and where Muhammad's Ummah (Community), composed of both locals and immigrants from Muhammad's original home of Mecca, developed. Medina is home to three prominent mosques, namely al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Quba Mosque, and Masjid al-Qiblatayn ('The mosque of the two Qiblas'). Muslims believe that the chronologically final surahs of the Quran were revealed to Muhammad in Medina, and are called Medinan surahs in contrast to the earlier Meccan surahs.\n\n", "Q87236": "Hungarian born Ida Jenbach was a playwright and screenwriter for German and Austrian cinema during the 1920s. She was one of the authors of the spirited farce Opera Ball that appeared at the Little Carnegie Playhouse in New York City in 1931. New York Times critic Mordaunt Hall praised this comedy as \u201ccleverly acted by the principals.\u201d The Opera Ball (Opernredoute) was a German film that had \u201ccaptions in English lettered on the scenes to keep those unfamiliar with German au courant of what is happening.\u201dIn 1926, Jenbach wrote the script to The Priest from Kirchfeld, based on Ludwig Anzengruber\u2018s popular German \"folk play\". The play bears a notable resemblance to The Atonement of Gosta Berling. Attacking the Catholic doctrine of celibacy for priests and the denial of burial for suicides, the play was and remains very controversial.\nJenbach also worked on the screenplay to Hugo Bettauer\u2019s 1924 dystopian satire, Die Stadt ohne Juden (\"The City without Jews\"). This novel was prescient. It imagined a city that expelled the Jews and confiscated their wealth. It was meant to show the ridiculousness of anti-Semitism. It was Bettauer\u2019s most famous and best selling novel, and was translated into numerous languages. It was also his undoing. The novel angered the Nazis. A year later, Nazi party member Otto Rothstock murdered Bettauer. When the film version opened, members of the National Socialist party tossed stink bombs into the cinemas, and cinema owners often cut parts of the film out. This film was the first important role for German film star Hans Moser. In 1933, some in the German press said that this film speaks for itself as an indictment against Hitler.\nDuring the Third Reich, Jenbach was sent to the Ghetto at Minsk. She died either there or in a concentration camp nearby. Her date of death is unknown.", "Q254038": "Nichelle Nichols (born Grace Dell Nichols; December 28, 1932) is an American actress, singer, and voice artist. She sang with Duke Ellington and Lionel Hampton before turning to acting. Nichols played Nyota Uhura in the Star Trek television series, as well as the succeeding motion pictures. Nichols's role was groundbreaking as a future role-model for African American female characters on American television. She also worked to recruit diverse astronauts to NASA, including women and ethnic minorities.", "Q3061447": "Everard H. Daigle (born December 2, 1925) is a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1974 to 1987, as a Liberal member for the constituency of Grand Falls.", "Q1174": "Haryana (Hindi pronunciation: [\u0266\u0259r\u026a\u02c8ja\u02d0\u0273a\u02d0]) is one of the 28 states in India, located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 November 1966 on a linguistic basis. It is ranked 22nd in terms of area, with less than 1.4% (44,212 km2 (17,070 sq mi)) of India's land area. Chandigarh is the state capital, Faridabad in National Capital Region is the most populous city of the state, and Gurugram is a leading financial hub of the NCR, with major Fortune 500 companies located in it. Haryana has 6 administrative divisions, 22 districts, 72 sub-divisions, 93 revenue tehsils, 50 sub-tehsils, 140 community development blocks, 154 cities and towns, 6,848 villages, and 6222 villages panchayats.As the largest recipient of investment per capita since 2000 in India, and one of the wealthiest and most economically developed regions in South Asia, Haryana has the fifth highest per capita income among Indian states and UTs at \u20b9251,575 (US$3,500) against the national average of \u20b9125,397 (US$1,800) for year 2018\u201319. Haryana's 2019-20 estimated state GSDP of US$110 billion (52% services, 34% industries and 14% agriculture) is growing at 12.96% 2012-17 CAGR and placed on the 13th position behind only much bigger states, is also boosted by 30 SEZs (mainly along DMIC, ADKIC and DWPE in NCR), 7% national agricultural exports, 65% of national Basmati rice export, 67% cars, 60% motorbikes, 50% tractors and 50% refrigerators produced in India. Faridabad has been described as eighth fastest growing city in the world and third most in India by City Mayors Foundation survey. In services, Gurugram ranks number 1 in India in IT growth rate and existing technology infrastructure, and number 2 in startup ecosystem, innovation and livability (Nov 2016). Haryana has the seventh highest ranking among Indian states in human development index.Among the world's oldest and largest ancient civilisations, the Indus Valley Civilization sites at Rakhigarhi village in Hisar district and Bhirrana in Fatehabad district are 9,000 years old. Rich in history, monuments, heritage, flora and fauna, human resources and tourism with well developed economy, national highways and state roads, it is bordered by Himachal Pradesh to the north-east, by river Yamuna along its eastern border with Uttar Pradesh, by Rajasthan to the west and south, and Ghaggar-Hakra River flows along its northern border with Punjab. Since Haryana surrounds the country's capital Delhi on three sides (north, west and south), consequently a large area of Haryana is included in the economically-important National Capital Region for the purposes of planning and development.", "Q1258413": "The University of Antioquia (Spanish: Universidad de Antioquia), also called UdeA, is a public, departmental, coeducational, research university located primarily in the city of Medell\u00edn, Antioquia, Colombia, with regional campuses in Amalfi, Andes, Caucasia, Carmen de Viboral, Envigado, Puerto Berr\u00edo, Santa Fe de Antioquia, Segovia, Sons\u00f3n, Turbo and Yarumal. It is the oldest departmental university in Colombia, founded in 1803 by a Royal Decree issued by King Charles IV of Spain under the name Franciscan College (Spanish: Colegio de Franciscanos). It is considered one of Colombia's best universities, receiving a high quality accreditation from the Ministry of Education for 9 years. Along with the University of the Andes, the two universities hold the second longest term, behind the National University of Colombia. UdeA and the Tecnol\u00f3gico de Antioquia have the largest number of seats in the department of Antioquia. It is also renowned for its prestigious Faculty of Medicine, which is acknowledged as one of the best medical schools in Colombia.The university is a member of the Association of Colombian Universities (ASCUN), the Iberoamerican Association of Postgraduate Universities (AUIP), and the network Universia.", "Q430929": "Olive Thomas (born Oliva R. Duffy; October 20, 1894 \u2013 September 10, 1920) was an American silent-film actress, art\u3000model and photo model.\nThomas began her career as an illustrator's model in 1914, and moved on to the Ziegfeld Follies the following year. During her time as a Ziegfeld girl, she also appeared in the more risqu\u00e9 show The Midnight Frolic. In 1916, she began a successful career in silent films and would appear in more than 20 features over the course of her four-year film career. That year she also married actor Jack Pickford, the younger brother of fellow silent-film star Mary Pickford.\nOn September 10, 1920, Thomas died in Paris five days after ingesting her husband's syphillis medication, mercury bichloride, that brought on acute nephritis. Although her death was ruled accidental, news of her hospitalization and subsequent death were the subject of speculation in the press. Thomas' death has been cited as one of the first heavily publicized Hollywood scandals.", "Q136605": "Z is a 1969 Algerian-French epic political thriller film directed by Costa-Gavras, with a screenplay by Gavras and Jorge Sempr\u00fan, based on the 1966 novel of the same name by Vassilis Vassilikos. The film presents a thinly fictionalized account of the events surrounding the assassination of democratic Greek politician Grigoris Lambrakis in 1963. With its satirical view of Greek politics, its dark sense of humor, and its downbeat ending, the film captures the director's outrage about the junta that ruled Greece at the time of its making.\nThe film stars Jean-Louis Trintignant as the investigating magistrate (an analogue of Christos Sartzetakis who later served as president of Greece from 1985 to 1990). International stars Yves Montand and Irene Papas also appear, but despite their star billing have very little screen time. Jacques Perrin, who co-produced, plays a key role as a photojournalist. The film's title refers to a popular Greek protest slogan (Greek: \u0396\u03b5\u03b9, IPA: [\u02c8zi]) meaning \"he lives,\" in reference to Lambrakis.\nZ was the first film\u2014and one of only a handful\u2014to be nominated for both the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Foreign Language Film. It won the latter, as well as the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, and the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign-Language Foreign Film; at the 27th Golden Globe Awards, the producers of Z refused the award to protest against the film's exclusion from the Best Motion Picture - Drama category.", "Q129725": "Henry Joel Scudder (September 18, 1825 \u2013 February 10, 1886) was a United States Representative from New York.\n\n", "Q55370": "Artur Barci\u015b ([\u02c8artur \u02c8bar\u02b2\u02a8\u0311\u0129\u0255]; born 12 August 1956) is a Polish actor. His television appearances include Krzysztof Kie\u015blowski's anthology series Dekalog (1989), the soap opera Aby do \u015bwitu... (1992), and Kurierzy (\"Couriers\"). From 2006 to 2016 he played the lovably neurotic Arkadiusz Czerepach in the comedy series Ranczo (\"The Ranch\").\nIn 2011, he and Ranczo co-star Cezary \u017bak starred in Dziwna para, a Polish adaptation of Neil Simon's Broadway theatre play The Odd Couple.\n\n", "Q90992": "Kemal Kurt (29 October 1947 in \u00c7orlu, Turkey \u2013 21 October 2002 in Berlin, Germany) was an author, translator and photographer.", "Q3067036": "Faruk Ilgaz (1922 \u2013 July 16, 2014) was the chairman of T\u00fcrkiye S\u00fcper Ligi club Fenerbah\u00e7e SK between 1966\u201374 and 1976\u201380.He was also Mayor of Istanbul Province Municipality between 12 March 1968 \u2013 6 June 1968. He died in 2014.", "Q3568680": "Sir William John Haley, KCMG (24 May 1901 \u2013 6 September 1987) was a British newspaper editor and broadcasting administrator.\n\n", "Q1066551": "Charles de Ganahl Koch (; born November 1, 1935) is an American businessman and philanthropist. As of March 2019, he was ranked as the 11th-richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of $50.5 billion. Koch has been co-owner, chairman, and chief executive officer of Koch Industries since 1967, while his late brother David Koch served as executive vice president. Charles and David each owned 42% of the conglomerate. The brothers inherited the business from their father, Fred C. Koch, then expanded the business. Originally involved exclusively in oil refining and chemicals, Koch Industries now includes process and pollution control equipment and technologies, polymers and fibers, minerals, fertilizers, commodity trading and services, forest and consumer products, and ranching. The businesses produce a wide variety of well-known brands, such as Stainmaster carpet, the Lycra brand of spandex fiber, Quilted Northern tissue, and Dixie Cup.\nKoch Industries is the second-largest privately held company by revenue in the United States according to a 2010 Forbes survey. In February 2014, Koch was ranked 9th richest person in the world by Hurun Report with an estimated net worth of $36 billion. Previously, in October 2012, he was ranked the 6th richest person in the world with an estimated net worth of $34 billion\u2014according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index\u2014and was ranked 18th on Forbes World's Billionaires list of 2011 (and 4th on the Forbes 400), with an estimated net worth of $25 billion, deriving from his 42% stake in Koch Industries. Koch has published three books detailing his business philosophy, The Science of Success, Market Based Management, and Good Profit.Koch supports a number of conservative educational organizations, including the Institute for Humane Studies, the Ayn Rand Institute, and the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. He also contributes to the Republican Party and candidates, libertarian groups, and various charitable and cultural institutions. He co-founded the Washington, D.C.-based Cato Institute. Through the Koch Cultural Trust, founded by Charles Koch's wife, Elizabeth, the Koch family has also funded artistic projects and creative artists.", "Q103866": "Ralf Briese (2 March 1971, in Leer \u2013 9 October 2011, in Oldenburg) was a German politician for the Alliance '90/The Greens.\nHe was elected to the Lower Saxon Landtag in 2003, and was re-elected on one occasion 2008. Briese was found dead at his home on October 9, 2011 and police concluded that he committed suicide.\nHe was suffering from depression. He was succeeded by Meta Janssen-Kucz.", "Q849877": "Slash's Snakepit was an American rock supergroup from Los Angeles, California, formed by Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash in 1993. Though often described as a solo or side project, Slash stated that Snakepit was a band with equal contributions by all members. The first lineup of the band consisted of Slash, two of his Guns N' Roses bandmates\u2014 drummer Matt Sorum and guitarist Gilby Clarke\u2014 as well as Alice in Chains bassist Mike Inez and former Jellyfish live guitarist Eric Dover on lead vocals.\nTheir debut album, It's Five O'Clock Somewhere, was released in 1995. For the supporting tour, Slash enlisted James LoMenzo and Brian Tichy, of Pride and Glory, in place of Inez and Sorum who had other commitments. They played shows in the US, Europe, Japan and Australia before Geffen Records pulled their financial support for the tour, with Slash returning to Guns N' Roses and Slash's Snakepit disbanding.\nFollowing his departure from Guns N' Roses in 1996, Slash formed the cover band Slash's Blues Ball. After a tour in 1997, Slash approached Blues Ball bassist Johnny Griparic about forming a new lineup of Slash's Snakepit. The new lineup consisted of Slash, Griparic, singer Rod Jackson, guitarist Ryan Roxie and drummer Matt Laug (Roxie and Laug were both former members of Alice Cooper's solo band). They recorded and released their second album entitled Ain't Life Grand in 2000, which was preceded by a tour supporting AC/DC and followed by their own headlining tour. For the tour, Keri Kelli joined the group in place of Ryan Roxie, who departed following the completion of the album. However, after the final show, Slash disbanded Slash's Snakepit due to a lack of commitment from his band members.", "Q557018": "Ken Kutaragi (\u4e45\u591b\u826f\u6728 \u5065, Kutaragi Ken, born August 2, 1950) is a Japanese engineering technologist and businessman. He is the former chairman and CEO of Sony Computer Entertainment (SCEI), the video game division of Sony Corporation, and current president and CEO of Cyber AI Entertainment. He is known as \"The Father of the PlayStation\", and its successors and spinoffs, including the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, the PlayStation 3, the PlayStation 4, and the PlayStation 5.\nHe had also designed the sound processor for the Super NES. With Sony, he designed the VLSI chip which works in conjunction with the PS1's RISC CPU to handle the graphics rendering. Kutaragi was closely watched by financial analysts who trace profiles of the losses and profits of the Sony Corporation.", "Q665012": "Bellavista (3922 m) is a mountain in the Bernina Range in Switzerland and Italy. The mountain is bounded on the east by the Fuorcla Bellavista and on the west by the Pass dal Zup\u00f2. There are four summits on the main ridge, at the heights of 3799, 3888, 3890, and 3922 m from east to west.The first traverse of all four peaks was made by Emil Burckhardt and Hans Grass on 10 September 1868. C. C. Branch and B. Wainewright with guide Martin Schocher made the first traverse of the Bellavista peaks and the three peaks of the neighbouring Piz Pal\u00fc on 19 August 1889.", "Q207306": "Godsmack is an American rock band from Lawrence, Massachusetts, formed in 1995. The band is composed of founder, frontman and songwriter Sully Erna, guitarist Tony Rombola, bassist Robbie Merrill, and drummer Shannon Larkin. Since its formation, Godsmack has released seven studio albums, one EP (The Other Side), four DVDs, one compilation album (Good Times, Bad Times... Ten Years of Godsmack), and one live album (Live & Inspired).\nThe band has had three consecutive number-one albums (Faceless, IV, and The Oracle) on the Billboard 200. The band also has 25 top ten rock radio hits, including 18 songs in the top five. The band's seventh album, When Legends Rise was released on April 27, 2018.\nSince its inception, Godsmack has toured on Ozzfest on more than one occasion, and has toured with many other large tours and festivals, including supporting its albums with its own arena tours. In honor of the band's success and the release of their sixth studio album, 1000hp, Mayor Marty Walsh declared August 6 as \"Godsmack Day\" in the city of Boston.", "Q266934": "Madeleine Vionnet (pronounced [ma.d\u0259.l\u025bn vj\u0254.ne]; June 22, 1876, Loiret, France \u2013 March 2, 1975) was a French fashion designer. Vionnet trained in London before returning to France to establish her first fashion house in Paris in 1912. Although it was forced to close in 1914 at the outbreak of the First World War, it re-opened after the war and Vionnet became one of the leading designers in Paris between the Wars (1919-1939). Vionnet was forced to close her house in 1939 and retired in 1940.\nCalled the \"Queen of the bias cut\" and \"the architect among dressmakers\", Vionnet is best known today for her elegant Grecian-style dresses and for popularising the bias cut within the fashion world and is credited with inspiring a number of recent designers.", "Q47774": "The France national football team (French: \u00c9quipe de France de football) represents France in men's international football and is controlled by the French Football Federation, also known as FFF, or in French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration fran\u00e7aise de football. The team's colours are blue, white and red, and the coq gaulois its symbol. France are colloquially known as Les Bleus (The Blues). The French side are the reigning World Cup holders, having won the 2018 FIFA World Cup on 15 July 2018.\nFrance plays their home matches at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, \u00cele-de-France, and their manager is Didier Deschamps. They have won two FIFA World Cups, two UEFA European Championships, two FIFA Confederations Cups and one Olympic tournament. France experienced much of its success in four major eras: in the 1950s, 1980s, late 1990s/early 2000s, and mid/late 2010s, respectively, which resulted in numerous major honours. France was one of the four European teams that participated in the inaugural World Cup in 1930 and, although having been eliminated in the qualification stage six times, is one of only three teams that have entered every World Cup qualifying cycle.In 1958, the team, led by Raymond Kopa and Just Fontaine, finished in third place at the FIFA World Cup. In 1984, France, led by Ballon d'Or winner Michel Platini, won UEFA Euro 1984 and Football at the 1984 Summer Olympics.\nUnder the captaincy of Didier Deschamps and three-time FIFA World Player of the Year Zinedine Zidane, France won the FIFA World Cup in 1998. Two years later, the team triumphed at UEFA Euro 2000. France won the FIFA Confederations Cup in 2001 and 2003, and reached the 2006 FIFA World Cup final, which it lost 5\u20133 on penalties to Italy. The team also reached the final of UEFA Euro 2016, where they lost 1\u20130 to Portugal in extra time. France won the 2018 FIFA World Cup, defeating Croatia 4\u20132 in the final match on 15 July 2018. This was the second time they had won the tournament after winning it on home soil in 1998.\nFrance was the first national team to win the three most important men's titles recognized by FIFA: the World Cup, the Confederations Cup, and the Olympic tournament after victory in the Confederations Cup in 2001. The Confederations Cup started in 1992. Prior to this, Uruguay and Italy had won both the Olympic tournament and the World Cup in the 1920s and 1930s. England and Germany had also won both tournaments; albeit England competes as Great Britain in the Olympics and East Germany won the Olympic tournament in 1976. Since 2001, Argentina (after the 2004 Olympics) and Brazil (after the 2016 Olympics) are the other two national teams that have won these three titles. They have also won their respective continental championship (Copa Am\u00e9rica for Argentina and Brazil, and UEFA European Championship for France).\n\n", "Q79842": "Flagstaff ( FLAG-staf) is a city in, and the county seat of, Coconino County in northern Arizona, in the southwestern United States. In 2018, the city's estimated population was 73,964. Flagstaff's combined metropolitan area has an estimated population of 139,097.\nFlagstaff lies near the southwestern edge of the Colorado Plateau and within the San Francisco volcanic field, along the western side of the largest contiguous ponderosa pine forest in the continental United States. The city sits at around 7,000 feet (2,100 m) and is next to Mount Elden, just south of the San Francisco Peaks, the highest mountain range in the state of Arizona. Humphreys Peak, the highest point in Arizona at 12,633 feet (3,851 m), is about 10 miles (16 km) north of Flagstaff in Kachina Peaks Wilderness. The geology of the Flagstaff area includes exposed rock from the Mesozoic and Paleozoic eras, with Moenkopi Formation red sandstone having once been quarried in the city; many of the historic downtown buildings were constructed with it. The Rio de Flag river runs through the city.\nOriginally settled by the pre-Columbian native Sinagua people, the area of Flagstaff has fertile land from volcanic ash after eruptions in the 11th century. It was first settled as the present-day city in 1876. Local businessmen lobbied for Route 66 to pass through the city, which it did, turning the local industry from lumber to tourism and developing downtown Flagstaff. In 1930, Pluto was discovered from Flagstaff. The city developed further through to the end of the 1960s, with various observatories also used to choose Moon landing sites for the Apollo missions. Through the 1970s and '80s, downtown fell into disrepair, but was revitalized with a major cultural heritage project in the 1990s.\nThe city remains an important distribution hub for companies such as Nestl\u00e9 Purina PetCare, and is home to the U.S. Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station, the United States Geological Survey Flagstaff Station, and Northern Arizona University. Flagstaff has a strong tourism sector, due to its proximity to Grand Canyon National Park, Oak Creek Canyon, the Arizona Snowbowl, Meteor Crater, and Historic Route 66.", "Q343236": "\u0130brahim Bilgen (2 March 1949 \u2013 31 May 2010) was a Turkish politician, electrical engineer and activist. He was born in Batman, Turkey and killed by the Israeli armed forces in the Gaza flotilla raid.\n\n", "Q66962": "Rothenthurm is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.", "Q78584": "Count S\u00e1muel Teleki de Sz\u00e9k (November 1, 1845 \u2013 March 10, 1916) was a Hungarian explorer who led the first expedition to Northern Kenya. He was the first European to see Lake Rudolf (Lake Turkana), though the existence of the lake was known in Europe long before Teleki arrived at the scene.", "Q2034021": "A dressmaker is a person who makes custom clothing for women, such as dresses, blouses, and evening gowns. A dressmaker is also called a mantua-maker (historically) or a modiste.", "Q58132": "Nicol\u00e1s Maduro Moros (; Spanish pronunciation: [niko\u02c8las ma\u02c8\u00f0u\u027eo \u02c8mo\u027eos] (listen); born 23 November 1962) is a Venezuelan politician and the President of Venezuela since 2013, with his presidency under dispute since 2019.\nBeginning his working life as a bus driver, Maduro rose to become a trade union leader before being elected to the National Assembly in 2000. He was appointed to a number of positions under President Hugo Ch\u00e1vez and was described in 2012 by the Wall Street Journal as the \"most capable administrator and politician of Ch\u00e1vez's inner circle\". He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2013 and as vice president of Venezuela from 2012 to 2013 under Ch\u00e1vez. After Ch\u00e1vez's death was announced on 5 March 2013, Maduro assumed the presidency. A special presidential election was held in 2013, which Maduro won with 50.62% of the vote as the United Socialist Party of Venezuela candidate. He has ruled Venezuela by decree since 2015 through powers granted to him by the ruling party legislature.Shortages in Venezuela and decreased living standards led to protests beginning in 2014 that escalated into daily marches nationwide, repression of dissent and a decline in Maduro's popularity. According to The New York Times, Maduro's administration was held \"responsible for grossly mismanaging the economy and plunging the country into a deep humanitarian crisis\" and attempting to \"crush the opposition by jailing or exiling critics, and using lethal force against antigovernment protesters\". An opposition-led National Assembly was elected in 2015 and a movement toward recalling Maduro began in 2016; Maduro maintained power through the Supreme Tribunal, the National Electoral Council and the military. The Supreme Tribunal removed power from the elected National Assembly, resulting in a constitutional crisis and protests in 2017. Maduro called for a rewrite of the constitution, and the Constituent Assembly of Venezuela was elected in 2017, under what many\u2014including Venezuela's chief prosecutor Luisa Ortega and Smartmatic, the company that ran the voting machines\u2014considered irregular voting conditions; the majority of its members were pro-Maduro. On 20 May 2018, presidential elections were called prematurely; opposition leaders had been jailed, exiled or forbidden to run, there was no international observation, and tactics to suggest voters could lose their jobs or social welfare if they did not vote for Maduro were used. Multiple nations did not recognize the Constituent Assembly election or the validity of Maduro's 2018 reelection; the Canadian, Panamanian, and the United States governments sanctioned Maduro.Maduro has been described as a \"dictator\", and an Organization of American States (OAS) report determined that crimes against humanity have been committed during his presidency. Under Maduro's administration, more than 9,000 people have been subject to extrajudicial killings and more than four million Venezuelans have been forced to flee the country. Maduro allies including China, Cuba, Russia, Iran, and Turkey support and denounce what they call interference in Venezuela's domestic affairs. AP News reported that \"familiar geopolitical sides\" had formed in the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis, with allies Russia, China, Iran, Syria, and Cuba supporting Maduro, and the US, Canada, and most of Latin America and Western Europe supporting Guaid\u00f3 as interim president. Amid widespread condemnation, President Maduro was sworn in on 10 January 2019, and the president of the National Assembly, Guaid\u00f3, declared himself interim president on 23 January 2019. Maduro's government states that the crisis is a \"coup d'\u00e9tat led by the United States to topple him and control the country's oil reserves.\" Guaid\u00f3 denies the coup allegations, saying peaceful volunteers back his movement. On 26 March 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice indicted him on charges of drug trafficking and narco-terrorism, and the Department of State offered a $15 million reward for information that help \"bring him to justice\".", "Q701594": "Simion B\u0103rnu\u021biu (Romanian pronunciation: [simi\u02c8on b\u0259r\u02c8nut\u0361sju]; 21 July 1808 \u2013 28 May 1864) was a Transylvanian, later Romanian historian, academic, philosopher, jurist, and liberal politician. A leader of the 1848 revolutionary movement of Transylvanian Romanians, he represented its Eastern Rite Catholic wing. B\u0103rnu\u021biu lived for a large part of his life in Moldavia, and was for long a professor of philosophy at Academia Mih\u0103ilean\u0103 and at the University of Ia\u0219i.", "Q521830": "Gladys Kuchta (16 June 1915 - 7 October 1998) was an American operatic soprano who sang leading roles in opera houses worldwide including the Vienna State Opera, Royal Opera House, Bayreuth Festival, San Francisco Opera, and the Teatro Col\u00f3n.", "Q93525": "Countess Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach (Czech: Marie von Ebner-Eschenbachov\u00e1, German: Marie Freifrau von Ebner-Eschenbach; September 13, 1830 \u2013 March 12, 1916) was an Austrian writer. Noted for her excellent psychological novels, she is regarded as one of the most important German-language writers of the latter portion of the 19th century.", "Q302": "Jesus (c.\u20094 BC \u2013 c.\u2009AD 30 / 33), also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader. He is the central figure of Christianity. Most Christians believe he is the incarnation of God the Son and the awaited Messiah (the Christ) prophesied in the Old Testament.Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically, although the quest for the historical Jesus has yielded major uncertainty on the historical reliability of the Gospels and on how closely the Jesus portrayed in the Bible reflects the historical Jesus, as the only records of Jesus's life are contained in the four Gospels. Jesus was a Galilean Jew, who was baptized by John the Baptist and began his own ministry. He preached orally and was often referred to as \"rabbi\". Jesus debated with fellow Jews on how to best follow God, engaged in healings, taught in parables and gathered followers. He was arrested and tried by the Jewish authorities, turned over to the Roman government, and crucified on the order of Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect. After his death, his followers believed he rose from the dead, and the community they formed eventually became the early Church.Christian doctrines include the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the Christian Church, died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement for sin, rose from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, from where he will return. Most Christians believe Jesus enables people to be reconciled to God. The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead either before or after their bodily resurrection, an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology. The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, the second of three persons of the Trinity. A minority of Christian denominations reject Trinitarianism, wholly or partly, as non-scriptural. The birth of Jesus is celebrated annually on December 25 (on the Julian Calendar in some Eastern Churches) as Christmas. His crucifixion is honored on Good Friday and his resurrection on Easter Sunday. The widely used calendar era \"AD\", from the Latin anno Domini (\"year of the Lord\"), and the equivalent alternative \"CE\", are based on the approximate birthdate of Jesus.Jesus is also revered outside of Christianity. In Islam, Jesus (commonly transliterated as Isa) is considered one of God's important prophets and the Messiah. Muslims believe Jesus was born of a virgin, but was neither God nor the son of God. The Quran states that Jesus never claimed divinity. Most Muslims do not believe that he was crucified, but that he was physically raised into Heaven by God. In contrast, Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited Messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill Messianic prophecies, and was neither divine nor resurrected.", "Q276299": "Revolutionary Road is a 2008 romantic drama film directed by Sam Mendes. It was written by Justin Haythe and based on the 1961 novel of the same name by Richard Yates. This is the second on-screen collaboration among Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet, and Kathy Bates, all of whom previously co-starred in Titanic, released in 1997. The performances of DiCaprio and Winslet earned them a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Drama nomination and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress, respectively, and the film was nominated for a further three Golden Globes, four BAFTAs and three Academy Awards, including a Best Supporting Actor nomination for Michael Shannon.", "Q444716": "Siiri Nordin (born 15 October 1980 in Helsinki) is a Finnish singer. She was the lead singer of the now defunct Finnish rock band Killer. In 2003, Nordin had a hit on her own with the song \"Syd\u00e4meni osuman sai\", included on the soundtrack of the movie Helmi\u00e4 ja sikoja. The song is a cover version of the Gene Pitney hit song \"Something's Gotten Hold of My Heart\".\nIn 2004, Nordin took a break from music and took up boat carpentry. She entered a civil union with her girlfriend, Mirja, in the autumn.In April 2006, she released a solo album called Me Too, released by the Finnish label, Next Big Thing. In March 2008, she released the Finnish-language album Ly\u00f6 Tahtia.", "Q443079": "Ay\u015feg\u00fcl Aldin\u00e7 (Turkish pronunciation: [a\u02d0j\u0283e\u02c8\u025fyl al\u02c8dint\u0283]; born 28 September 1957) is a Turkish singer and actress.", "Q125679": "Vah\u00e9 Godel (born 16 August 1931 in Geneva) is a French Swiss writer, translator and scholar of Armenian literature. He is the son of Robert Godel, a noted linguist and expert on the Armenian language, and Meline Papazian, an Armenian from Bursa. While being a well-known writer in his own right in his native Switzerland, Vah\u00e9 Godel has also translated numerous Armenian poets, both past and present. His translations include: Odes et lamentations by Gr\u00e9goire de Narek, Tous les d\u00e9sirs de l'\u00e2me by Gr\u00e9goire de Narek and Nahabed Koutchag, Le chant du pain by Daniel Varoujan, J\u2019apporterai des pierres and Erevan by Marine Petrossian.His brother Armen Godel is an actor and director.", "Q313367": "Gary Wayne Coleman (February 8, 1968 \u2013 May 28, 2010) was an American actor, comedian, and writer whom VH1 rated first on a list of \"100 Greatest Kid Stars\" on television. He won and was nominated for several awards throughout his career, including receiving nominations from the Young Artist Awards and the People's Choice Awards. \nHe was best known for his role as Arnold Jackson in the sitcom Diff'rent Strokes (1978\u20131986). Along with this, he was also the star of the animated-show The Gary Coleman Show (1982), and voiced Kevin in the animated-show Waynehead (1996\u20131997). He also made many guest appearances across many television shows, of which also include voice roles, and also appeared at several televised awards ceremonies. Aside from his work on television, Coleman worked in film, debuting with the film On the Right Track (1981). His other notable films include starring in Jimmy the Kid (1982), The Kid with the Broken Halo (1982), Church Ball (2006), An American Carol (2008), and Midgets vs. Mascots (2009). He also made appearances in music videos, and starred in the video games The Curse of Monkey Island (1997) as Kenny Falmouth, and Postal 2 (2003) as himself. \nIn spite of having a successful acting career, Coleman struggled financially in later life. In 1989, he successfully sued his parents and business adviser over misappropriation of his assets, only to declare bankruptcy a decade later. On May 28, 2010, Coleman died of a subdural hematoma at age 42.\n\n", "Q3064259": "The Paris Law Faculty (French: Facult\u00e9 de droit de Paris) was one of the four and eventually five faculties of the University of Paris, nicknamed \"the Sorbonne\", from around 1150\u20131200 until 1970. Its two main buildings were place du Panth\u00e9on and rue d\u2019Assas.Until the 19th century, the Paris Law Faculty was called \"Facult\u00e9 de d\u00e9cret\" or \"Consultissima decretorum\". After the Edict of Saint-Germain of April 1679 reestablished the teaching of Roman law in Paris (which had been forbidden since 1223 by the decretal Super Specula), the faculty was known as the \"faculty of civil and canon law\". It was closed alongside other faculties on September 15, 1793, during the French Revolution.\nIn 1802, the faculty of law was re-opened, and was called \"the School of Law of Paris\" (l'\u00c9cole de droit de Paris). In 1896, the law faculty and the henceforth four other Parisian faculties were grouped together to recreate the University of Paris. In the late 1950s, it became a \"faculty of law and economics\". \nFollowing the events of May 1968, the faculties of the University of Paris became independent universities Most law professors (88 out of 108) decided to perpetuate the faculty of law and economics and created Panth\u00e9on-Assas University but some joined interdisciplinary universities like Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne University, Paris Descartes University, Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil University.", "Q160325": "Sir John Eliot Gardiner, CBE HonFBA (born 20 April 1943) is an English conductor, particularly known for his performances of the works of Johann Sebastian Bach and of other baroque music.", "Q126370": "Safari 3000 is a 1980 American action-adventure comedy film directed by Harry Hurwitz and starring David Carradine, Stockard Channing, and Christopher Lee. The film was shot on location in Africa.", "Q64813": "St. Martin (German: Sankt Martin, Romansh: Sogn Martin) is a municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipality of St. Martin merged into the municipality of Vals.", "Q3174738": "Jean Taittinger (25 January 1923 \u2013 23 September 2012) was a French politician and member of the champagne producing Taittinger family.", "Q1612": "Arkansas ( AR-k\u0259n-saw) is a state in the south central region of the United States, home to more than three million people as of 2018. Its name is from the Osage language, of Siouan derivation; it denoted their related kin, the Quapaw people. The state's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S. Interior Highlands, to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta.\nArkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States. The capital and most populous city is Little Rock, located in the central portion of the state, a hub for transportation, business, culture, and government. The northwestern corner of the state, such as the Fayetteville\u2013Springdale\u2013Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area, is a population, education, and economic center. The largest city in the state's eastern part is Jonesboro. The largest city in the state's southeastern part is Pine Bluff.\nThe Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15, 1836. Much of the Delta had been developed for cotton plantations, and the state landowners largely depended on enslaved African Americans as workers. In 1861, Arkansas seceded from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the Civil War.\nOn returning to the Union in 1868, the state continued to suffer due to its reliance on the large-scale plantation economy. Cotton continued as the leading commodity crop, although the cotton market declined. Because farmers and businessmen did not diversify and there was little industrial investment, the state fell behind in terms of its economy and opportunities for residents.\nWhite rural interests dominated the state's politics by disenfranchisement of African Americans and by refusal to reapportion the legislature. It was not until after the civil rights movement and federal intervention that more African Americans were able to vote. The Supreme Court overturned rural domination in the South and other states that had refused to reapportion their state legislatures, or retained rules based on geographic districts. In the landmark ruling of one man, one vote, it ruled that states had to organize both houses of their legislatures by districts that held approximately equal populations, and that these had to be redefined as necessary after each decade's census.\nFollowing World War II, Arkansas began to diversity its economy. In the 21st century, its economy is based on service industries, aircraft, poultry, steel, and tourism, along with important commodity crops of cotton, soybeans and rice.\nThe culture of Arkansas is observable in museums, theaters, novels, television shows, restaurants, and athletic venues across the state. Notable people from the state include politician and educational advocate William Fulbright; former president Bill Clinton, who also served as the 40th and 42nd governor of Arkansas; general Wesley Clark, former NATO Supreme Allied Commander; Walmart founder and magnate Sam Walton; singer-songwriters Johnny Cash, Charlie Rich, Jimmy Driftwood, and Glen Campbell; actor-filmmaker, Billy Bob Thornton; poet C. D. Wright; and physicist William L. McMillan, who was a pioneer in superconductor research.", "Q3259612": "Lorne M. Trottier, OC (born 15 June 1948) is a Canadian engineer, businessman and philanthropist. He co-founded Matrox, a computer corporation that specializes in computer graphics. Trottier sits as an advisor to Canada's Ecofiscal Commission.\n\n", "Q979778": "Richard Masur (born November 20, 1948) is an American actor, who has appeared in more than 80 movies. From 1995 to 1999, he served two terms as president of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG). Masur currently sits on the Corporate Board of the Motion Picture & Television Fund.", "Q171228": "Janez Drnov\u0161ek (Slovene pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u00e0\u02d0n\u025bz d\u0259\u027e\u02c8n\u0254\u0301\u02d0w\u0283\u0259k]; 17 May 1950 \u2013 23 February 2008) was a Slovenian liberal politician, President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1989\u20131990), Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992\u20132002, with a short break in 2000) and President of Slovenia (2002\u20132007).", "Q130512": "Daniel Mukoko Samba is a politician from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He serves as the Deputy Prime Minister under President Joseph Kabila. He also serves as Minister of the Budget.", "Q1396168": "Stepan Mikhailovich Topal (Cyrillic: \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b; 18 January 1938 \u2013 29 September 2018) was a Moldovan politician of Gagauz ancestry. From 1990 to 1995 he served as Governor (ba\u015fkan) of Gagauzia.", "Q43274": "Charles, Prince of Wales (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948), is the heir apparent to the British throne as the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II. He has been Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay since 1952, and he is the oldest and longest-serving heir apparent in British history. He is also the longest-serving Prince of Wales, having held that title since 1958.Charles was born at Buckingham Palace as the first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. He was educated at Cheam and Gordonstoun schools, which his father, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, had attended as a child. Charles also spent a year at the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria, Australia. After earning a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Cambridge, Charles served in the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy from 1971 to 1976. In 1981, he married Lady Diana Spencer, and they had two sons: Prince William (b. 1982) and Prince Harry (b. 1984). In 1996, the couple divorced following well-publicised extramarital affairs by both parties. Diana died as the result of a car crash in Paris the following year. In 2005, Charles married long-time partner Camilla Parker Bowles.\nAs Prince of Wales, Charles undertakes official duties on behalf of the Queen and the Commonwealth realms. Charles founded The Prince's Trust in 1976, sponsors The Prince's Charities, and is a patron, president, and a member of over 400 other charities and organisations. As an environmentalist, he raises awareness of organic farming and climate change, which has earned him awards and recognition from environmental groups. His support for alternative medicine, including homeopathy, has been criticised by some in the medical community, and his views on the role of architecture in society and the conservation of historic buildings have received considerable attention from British architects and design critics. Since 1993, Charles has worked on the creation of Poundbury, an experimental new town based on his preferences. He is also an author and co-author of a number of books.", "Q117805": "Jasmin Hutter (b. 11 June 1978 in Altst\u00e4tten) is a Swiss politician of the Swiss People's Party, of which she is vice-president.\nShe holds an MP position at the National Council of Switzerland as a representative from Saint-Gall, and is a member of the Political Institutions commission.", "Q55366": "Bogus\u0142aw Linda (Polish: [b\u0254\u02c8\u0261uswaf \u02c8linda]; born 27 June 1952) is a Polish actor known from films such as Psy and Tato. He appeared in Andrzej Wajda's Man of Iron and Danton and in Krzysztof Kie\u015blowski's Blind Chance and the seventh episode of Kie\u015blowski's Dekalog.", "Q1934319": "Milan Pani\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d \u041f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u045b, Serbian pronunciation: [m\u01d0lan p\u01ce\u02d0nit\u0361\u0255]); born 20 December 1929) is a Serbian American former Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, humanitarian, and multimillionaire businessman based in Newport Beach and Pasadena, California. He served as Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992 to 1993. During and after his time as Prime Minister, he campaigned for peace and democracy in the Balkan region. He ran for President of Serbia in 1992, ultimately coming in second to Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107 in an election marked by allegations of media and vote tampering by the ruling party. Pani\u0107 became Prime Minister of Yugoslavia while an American citizen. The legality of retaining US citizenship while accepting this office has been questioned based on a Constitutional prohibition of a US citizen accepting office on behalf of a foreign nation. Pani\u0107 is the first US citizen to occupy a high-level political position in a foreign country since Golda Meir.Outside of his political and humanitarian activities, Pani\u0107 built a lengthy career in the pharmaceutical and medical industries. He grew ICN Pharmaceuticals from a small operation in his garage into a global pharmaceutical corporation listed on the New York Stock Exchange, with over $672 million in annual sales across 90 countries at its peak. After retiring from ICN, he spun off an ICN subsidiary and renamed it MP Biomedicals. The company is a global producer of life science and diagnostic products, with operations in North America, Asia, Australia, and Europe. In October 2015, Pani\u0107 announced the pending sale of MP Biomedicals to a Chinese chemical company, Valiant Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.Pani\u0107 pursues philanthropy personally and through his Milan Pani\u0107 Jr. Foundation, as well as MP Global Enterprises & Associates, LLC. As part of his philanthropic efforts, he has sponsored scholarships at the MIT-Harvard Medical School Program and lectured on peacebuilding at George Washington University and University of Southern California. He is also a member of the President's cabinet at Chapman University, Vice Chairman and sponsor of the Los Angeles Opera, and frequent sponsor of California cultural institutions and charities.", "Q126400": "Esther \"Etty\" Hillesum (15 January 1914 \u2013 30 November 1943) was the Dutch author of confessional letters and diaries which describe both her religious awakening and the persecutions of Jewish people in Amsterdam during the German occupation. In 1943 she was deported and killed in Auschwitz concentration camp.", "Q1518508": "Aaron Jerome, known professionally as Sbtrkt, (stylised as SBTRKT; pronounced \"subtract\") is an English musician and producer. Sbtrkt has remixed songs by artists such as M.I.A, Radiohead, Modeselektor, Basement Jaxx, Mark Ronson, and Underworld, and has released singles, EPs, and two albums. His music has been playlisted by BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 6 Music.\n\nSbtrkt also has performed live with frequent collaborator Sampha. The live show until 2012 consisted of Jerome utilizing synthesisers, keyboards and drum programming with Sampha on vocals.\nJerome uses the project's title rather than his own name in order to support the concept of anonymity. Jerome has explained \"[I'd] rather not talk about myself as a person, and let the music speak for itself. The name SBTRKT is me taking myself away from that whole process. I'm not a social person, so having to talk to DJs to make them play a record is not something I want to do. It's more about giving them a record as an anonymous person and seeing whether they like it or not. If they play it, they play it.\"Sbtrkt wears modern interpretations of native society ceremonial masks designed by the anonymous designer \"A Hidden Place\".In March 2016, Sbtrkt announced a new project described as a 'non album'. The collection of songs and project is designed to bring new tracks to fans sooner than album cycles and also be a continuous ongoing experience.", "Q1152190": "Ritsumeikan University (\u7acb\u547d\u9928\u5927\u5b66, Ritsumeikan Daigaku, abbreviated to Rits and \u7acb\u547d Ritsumei) is a private university in Kyoto, Japan, that traces its origin to 1869. With the Kinugasa Campus (KIC) in Kyoto, and Kyoto Prefecture, the university also has a satellite called Biwako-Kusatsu Campus (BKC) and Osaka-Ibaraki Campus (OIC).\nToday, Ritsumeikan university is known as one of western Japan's four leading private universities. \"KAN-KAN-DO-RITS\" \u95a2\u95a2\u540c\u7acb (Kwansei Gakuin University, Kansai University, Doshisha University, and Ritsumeikan University) is the abbreviation that refers to the four leading private universities in the region (of 20 million people). Ritsumeikan University is well-known for its International Relations and Science & Engineering departments. Ritsumeikan University has exchange programmes with schools throughout the world, including The University of British Columbia, The University of Melbourne, The University of Sydney, University of Hong Kong and King's College London. Ritsumeikan also currently offers a dual bachelor's degree program and dual master's degree programme in collaboration with American University, and offers a dual bachelor's degree in collaboration with The University of British Columbia. It has an especially strong alumni network in the Kansai region and has produced a number of CEOs in Japanese companies as well as politicians.\nRitsumeikan University Panthers is a top-ranked American-style collegiate football team in Japan and has won three national championships, seven collegiate championships, and nine conference championships.", "Q512552": "The Reichsgericht (German: [\u02c8\u0281a\u026a\u00e7s.\u0261\u0259\u02cc\u0281\u026a\u00e7t], Imperial Court of Justice) was the supreme criminal and civil court in the German Reich from 1879 to 1945. It was based in Leipzig, Germany. The Supreme Court was established when the Reichsjustizgesetze (Imperial Justice Laws) came into effect and it built a widely regarded body of jurisprudence during the period of the German Empire and Weimar Republic.During the rise of the Third Reich, the Reichsgericht became deeply embroiled in the National Socialist agenda. It even involved itself in matters of Nazi Matrimonial and Contract Law before enactment of the Nuremberg Laws. During and after the Nazi period it received criticism for the ease, and even willingness, with which it provided the highest level of formal legal justification for Nazi programs. Immediately after the end of World War II the Reichsgericht was dissolved, and reformed into the German High Court for the Unified Economic Region, the Allied occupation zones of France, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Q166024": "The Honorable Raymond Mphakamisi Mhlaba (12 February 1920 \u2013 20 February 2005) was an anti-apartheid activist and leader of the African National Congress (ANC) also as well the first premier of the Eastern Cape. Mhlaba spent 25 years of his life in prison. Well known for being sentenced, along with Nelson Mandela, Govan Mbeki, Walter Sisulu and others in the Rivonia Trial, he was an active member of the ANC and the South African Communist Party (SACP) all his adult life. His kindly manner brought him the nickname \"Oom Ray\".", "Q919924": "Taizo Kawamoto (\u5ddd\u672c \u6cf0\u4e09, Kawamoto Taiz\u014d, January 17, 1914 \u2013 September 20, 1985) was a Japanese football player and manager. He played for Japan national team. He also managed Japan national team.\n\n", "Q437088": "Roberta Brooke Astor (n\u00e9e Russell; March 30, 1902 \u2013 August 13, 2007) was an American philanthropist, socialite, and writer who was the chairwoman of the Vincent Astor Foundation, which had been established by her third husband, Vincent Astor, son of John Jacob Astor IV and great-great grandson of America's first multi-millionaire, John Jacob Astor. Brooke Astor was the author of two novels and two volumes of personal memoirs.", "Q492346": "Williamsburg is a city in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population was 14,068. In 2018, the population was estimated to be 14,896. Located on the Virginia Peninsula, Williamsburg is in the northern part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is bordered by James City County and York County.\nWilliamsburg was founded in 1632 as Middle Plantation, a fortified settlement on high ground between the James and York rivers. The city served as the capital of the Colony and Commonwealth of Virginia from 1699 to 1780 and was the center of political events in Virginia leading to the American Revolution. The College of William & Mary, established in 1693, is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and the only one of the nine colonial colleges located in the South; its alumni include three U.S. Presidents as well as many other important figures in the nation's early history.\nThe city's tourism-based economy is driven by Colonial Williamsburg, the restored Historic Area of the city. Along with nearby Jamestown and Yorktown, Williamsburg forms part of the Historic Triangle, which attracts more than four million tourists each year. Modern Williamsburg is also a college town, inhabited in large part by William & Mary students and staff.", "Q504330": "Shigeo Shingo (\u65b0\u90f7 \u91cd\u592b, Shing\u014d Shigeo, 1909 - 1990), born in Saga City, Japan, was a Japanese industrial engineer who was considered as the world\u2019s leading expert on manufacturing practices and the Toyota Production System.", "Q87220": "Franz Langoth (20 August 1877 \u2013 17 April 1953) was an Austrian nationalist politician who later became a leading figure in the country's Nazi movement.\n\n", "Q263682": "Eleanor Frances Callier (born May 17, 1969), better known as Frances Callier, is an American actress, producer, writer and comedian. Her television credits include According to Jim, My Name Is Earl, Frasier, and Curb Your Enthusiasm. Callier is also known for her co-starring role in the British comedy, 3 Non-Blondes.\nShe had a recurring role as Roxy the Bodyguard in the Disney Channel Original Series Hannah Montana.\nFrances Callier is half of the comedy duo Frangela with Angela V. Shelton. She appears regularly as Frangela on VH1\u2018s Best Week Ever and together with Shelton on The Stephanie Miller Show. As of Spring 2019, the duo also do two weekly podcasts for Miller's Sexy Liberal Podcast Network (The Final Word and The Final Word - Idiot of the Week). She has been seen on CNN's Showbiz Tonight, Headline News, Fox News Red Eye and she is a regular contributor to NPR's Day to Day. She is a radio talk show host on KEIB Saturday afternoons. She left the NBC reality series I'm a Celebrity... Get Me out of Here!.\nCallier also appeared in the Drake & Josh episode \"Little Diva\" as Helen, the movie theater manager to fill in for Yvette Nicole Brown, who could not make the taping. She appeared in the unaired pilot episode of the Fox series Drive.\nShe was in the movie He's Just Not That Into You in a scene in the park with her comedy co-star Shelton .\nShe has also been seen on MTV's Made helping children with their diets.", "Q8620": "Kwame Nkrumah PC (21 September 1909 \u2013 27 April 1972) was a Ghanaian politician and revolutionary. He was the first Prime Minister and President of Ghana, having led the Gold Coast to independence from Britain in 1957. An influential advocate of pan-Africanism, Nkrumah was a founding member of the Organization of African Unity and winner of the Lenin Peace Prize in 1962.After twelve years abroad pursuing higher education, developing his political philosophy and organizing with other diasporic pan-Africanists, Nkrumah returned to the Gold Coast to begin his political career as an advocate of national independence. He formed the Convention People's Party, which achieved rapid success through its unprecedented appeal to the common voter. He became Prime Minister in 1952 and retained the position when Ghana declared independence from Britain in 1957. In 1960, Ghanaians approved a new constitution and elected Nkrumah President.\nHis administration was both nationalist and socialist. Thus, it funded national industrial and energy projects, developed a strong national education system and promoted a national and pan-African culture. Under Nkrumah, Ghana played a leading role in African international relations during the decolonization period.\nIn 1964, a constitutional amendment made Ghana a One-party state, with Nkrumah as president for life of both nation and party. Nkrumah was deposed in 1966 by the National Liberation Council which under the supervision of international financial institutions privatized many of the country's state corporations. Nkrumah lived the rest of his life in Guinea, of which he was named honorary co-president.", "Q7513": "Dame Kathleen Lonsdale, DBE, FRS (n\u00e9e Yardley; 28 January 1903 \u2013 1 April 1971) was an Irish pacifist, prison reformer and crystallographer. She proved, in 1929, that the benzene ring is flat by using X-ray diffraction methods to elucidate the structure of hexamethylbenzene. She was the first to use Fourier spectral methods while solving the structure of hexachlorobenzene in 1931. During her career she attained several firsts for female scientists, including being one of the first two women elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1945 (along with Marjory Stephenson), first woman tenured professor at University College London, first woman president of the International Union of Crystallography, and first woman president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.", "Q43504": "Forensic science, also known as criminalistics, is the application of science to criminal and civil laws, mainly\u2014on the criminal side\u2014during criminal investigation, as governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure.\nForensic scientists collect, preserve, and analyze scientific evidence during the course of an investigation. While some forensic scientists travel to the scene of the crime to collect the evidence themselves, others occupy a laboratory role, performing analysis on objects brought to them by other individuals.In addition to their laboratory role, forensic scientists testify as expert witnesses in both criminal and civil cases and can work for either the prosecution or the defense. While any field could technically be forensic, certain sections have developed over time to encompass the majority of forensically related cases.\nForensic science is a combination of two different Latin words: forensis and science. The former, forensic, relates to a discussion or examination performed in public. Because trials in the ancient world were typically held in public, it carries a strong judicial connotation. The second is science, which is derived from the Latin word for 'knowledge' and is today closely tied to the scientific method, a systematic way of acquiring knowledge. Taken together, then, forensic science can be seen as the use of the scientific methods and processes in crime solving.", "Q442417": "Night Train to Venice is a 1993 German contemporary Gothic-horror film directed by Carlo U. Quinterio. This international production was a cooperation of British, Italian, and German artists, including Hugh Grant, Malcolm McDowell, Tahnee Welch, Evelyn Opela, Kristina S\u00f6derbaum and Rachel Rice (Big Brother 9 winner). It was filmed in 1993 and released worldwide in 1995.\nThe film has been criticized for the non-linear plot it follows and the obvious references to the Gothic genre. In a radio interview in 2002, Hugh Grant deemed the film the worst he has ever been in.The thriller presents a labyrinthine combination of sexual transgression, darkness and intrigue, bearing a strong similarity to other Gothic texts, including Dracula. The story itself features obscure icons, such as the constant appearance of a woman and child dressed in white, ferocious Rottweilers with a taste for human flesh, Venetians in strange masks and recurring figures of the Commedia dell'arte; all of these elements wrapped in a dream-like atmosphere.", "Q78592": "Jakob Lorber (22 July 1800 \u2013 24 August 1864) was a Christian mystic and visionary from the Duchy of Styria, who promoted liberal Universalism. He referred to himself as \"God's scribe\". He wrote that on 15 March 1840 he began hearing an \"inner voice\" from the region of his heart and thereafter transcribed what it said. By the time of his death 24 years later he had written manuscripts equivalent to more than 10,000 pages in print.\nHis writings were published posthumously as amounting to a \"New Revelation\", and the contemporary \"Lorber movement\" forms one of the major neo-revelationist sects, mostly active in German-speaking Europe, although part of Lorber's writings have also been translated into more than 20 languages (according to the website of the Lorber Publisher) and the world-wide spread adherents do not gather in an institutionalized church, but usually continue to belong to their previous Christian denomination.", "Q549230": "Malcolm de Chazal (12 September 1902 \u2013 1 October 1981) was a Mauritian writer, painter, and visionary, known especially for his Sens-Plastique, a work consisting of several thousand aphorisms and pens\u00e9es.", "Q172051": "Johan Gerard \"Boy\" Hayje (born 3 May 1949, Amsterdam) is a former racing driver from the Netherlands. He participated in seven Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 29 August 1976. He scored no championship points.\nAfter time spent racing saloon cars and winning the Dutch Formula Ford championship, Hayje raced in Formula 5000 and Formula 3. He drove a privately entered Penske in his home grand prix in 1976, before a difficult period in Formula One the following year driving a March for RAM Racing.\nOnce his Formula One career was over, Hayje raced in the European Renault 5 Turbo championship.\n\n", "Q152381": "Mohamed Nasheed, GCSK (Dhivehi: \u0789\u07aa\u0780\u07a6\u0787\u07b0\u0789\u07a6\u078b\u07aa \u0782\u07a6\u079d\u07a9\u078b\u07aa; born 17 May 1967) is a Maldivian politician, who served as the fourth President of the Maldives from 2008 to 2012. He was the first democratically elected president of the Maldives and one of the founders of the Maldivian Democratic Party. In the 2008 presidential election, he was elected as the candidate of the first opposition coalition defeating President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, who had ruled the Maldives as President for 30 continuous years. Nasheed assumed office on 11 November 2008.\nOn 7 February 2012, Nasheed resigned as president under disputed circumstances, following weeks of protests by the opposition, which had then been joined by a majority of military and police forces. The next day, he stated that he had been forced to resign \"at gunpoint\" by police and army officers, and that the protesters had joined with \"powerful networks\" of Gayoom loyalists to force his resignation in a coup d'\u00e9tat. His successor, Mohammed Waheed Hassan, who had been a 2003 political appointee of Gayoom, denied these claims and stated that the transfer of power was voluntary and constitutional. The Maldives' Commission of National Inquiry reported that it had found no evidence to support Nasheed's version of events. In March 2015, Nasheed was convicted under the Anti-Terrorism Act of Maldives for arresting Criminal Court Judge Abdulla Mohamed while president, and sentenced to 13 years at Maafushi Prison. Amnesty International has described the conviction as \"politically motivated\", and the United States Department of State expressed concern at \"apparent lack of appropriate criminal procedures during the trial\".In 2016, he was given asylum in the United Kingdom, where he had gone for medical treatment. On June 29, 2018, he renounced his plans to contest the country's presidential elections, citing legal obstacles. He said the Election Commission's decision to reject his victory in a party primary poll was illegal and demanded that the authority be sanctioned.\n\n", "Q472": "Sofia ( SOH-fee-\u0259, SOF-; Bulgarian: \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f, romanized: Sofiya, IPA: [\u02c8s\u0254fij\u0250] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. The city is at the foot of Vitosha mountain in the western part of the country. Being in the centre of the Balkans, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and closest to the Aegean Sea.Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union. It is surrounded by mountains, such as Vitosha by the southern side, Lyulin by the western side, and the Balkan Mountains by the north, which makes it the second highest European capital after Madrid. The city is built on the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. Sofia has a humid continental climate. \nSofia has been described as the 'triangle of religious tolerance'. This is due to the fact that three colossal temples of the three world major religions - Christianity, Islam and Judaism, reside inside the borders of the city, which are the Sveta Nedelya Church, Banya Bashi Mosque and Sofia Synagogue. \nBeing Bulgaria's primate city, Sofia is home of many of the major local universities, cultural institutions and commercial companies. Sofia is one of the top ten best places for start-up businesses in the world, especially in information technologies. Sofia was Europe's most affordable capital to visit in 2013. In 1979, the Boyana Church in Sofia was included onto the World Heritage List, and it was deconstructed in the Second Bulgarian Empire, holding a lot of symbolic heritage to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. \nWith its cultural significance in Eastern Europe, Sofia is home to the National Opera and Ballet of Bulgaria, the National Palace of Culture, the Vasil Levski National Stadium, the Ivan Vazov National Theatre, the National Archaeological Museum, and the Serdica Amphitheatre. The Museum of Socialist Art includes a lot of sculptures and posters that educate visitors about the lifestyle in communist Bulgaria. The population of Sofia declined down from 70,000 in the late 18th century, through 19,000 in 1870, to 11,649 in 1878 and began increasing. Sofia hosts some 1.23 million residents within a territory of 492 km2, a concentration of 17.5% of the country population within the 200th percentile of the country territory. The urban area of Sofia hosts some 1.54 million residents within 5723 km\u00b2, which comprises Sofia City Province and parts of Sofia Province (Dragoman, Slivnitsa, Kostinbrod, Bozhurishte, Svoge, Elin Pelin, Gorna Malina, Ihtiman, Kostenets) and Pernik Province (Pernik, Radomir), representing 5.16% of the country territory. The metropolitan area of Sofia is based upon one hour of car travel time, stretches internationally and includes Dimitrovgrad in Serbia. Unlike most European metropolitan areas, it is not to be defined as a substantially functional metropolitan area, but is of the type with \"limited variety of functions\". The metropolitan region of Sofia is inhabited by a population of 1.68 million and is made up of the whole provinces Sofia City, Sofia and Pernik, comprising more than 10,000 km\u00b2.", "Q47762": "The England national football team represents England in men's international football and is governed by The Football Association, the governing body for football in England. It competes in the three major international tournaments; the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA European Championship and the UEFA Nations League. England, as a country of the United Kingdom, is not a member of the International Olympic Committee and therefore the national team does not compete at the Olympic Games.\nEngland is one of the two oldest national teams in football, alongside Scotland, whom they played in the world's first international football match in 1872. England's home ground is Wembley Stadium, London, and their headquarters is at St George's Park, Burton upon Trent. The team's manager is Gareth Southgate. \nSince first entering the tournament in 1950, England has qualified for the FIFA World Cup 15 times. They won the 1966 World Cup, when they hosted the finals, and finished fourth in 1990 and 2018. Since first entering in 1964, England have never won the UEFA European Championship, with their best performances being third-place finishes in 1968 and 1996, the latter as hosts.", "Q79854": "The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU was the sole governing party of the Soviet Union until 1990, when the Congress of People's Deputies modified Article 6 of the most recent 1977 Soviet constitution, which had granted the CPSU a monopoly over the political system.\nThe party was founded in 1912 by the Bolsheviks, a majority faction detached from the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in the October Revolution of 1917. After 74 years, it was dissolved on 29 August 1991 on Soviet territory, soon after a failed coup d'\u00e9tat by hard-line CPSU leaders against Soviet president and party general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev. It was completely outlawed three months later on 6 November 1991 on Russian territory.\nThe CPSU was a Communist party, organized on the basis of democratic centralism. This principle, conceived by Lenin, entails democratic and open discussion of policy issues within the party followed by the requirement of total unity in upholding the agreed policies. The highest body within the CPSU was the Party Congress, which convened every five years. When the Congress was not in session, the Central Committee was the highest body. Because the Central Committee met twice a year, most day-to-day duties and responsibilities were vested in the Politburo, (previously the Presidium), the Secretariat and the Orgburo (until 1952). The party leader was the head of government and held the office of either General Secretary, Premier or head of state, or some of the three offices concurrently\u2014but never all three at the same time. The party leader was the de facto chairman of the CPSU Politburo and chief executive of the Soviet Union. The tension between the party and the state (Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union) for the shifting focus of power was never formally resolved, but in reality the party dominated and a paramount leader always existed (first Lenin and thereafter the General Secretary).\nAfter the founding of the Soviet Union in 1922, Lenin had introduced a mixed economy, commonly referred to as the New Economic Policy, which allowed for capitalist practices to resume under the Communist Party dictation in order to develop the necessary conditions for socialism to become a practical pursuit in the economically undeveloped country. In 1929, as Joseph Stalin became the leader of the party, Marxism\u2013Leninism, a fusion of the original ideas of German philosopher and economic theorist Karl Marx, and Lenin, became formalized as the party's guiding ideology and would remain so throughout the rest of its existence. The party pursued state socialism, under which all industries were nationalized and a command economy was implemented. After recovering from the Second World War, reforms were implemented which decentralized economic planning and liberalized Soviet society in general under Nikita Khrushchev. By 1980, various factors, including the continuing Cold War, and ongoing nuclear arms race with the United States and other Western European powers and unaddressed inefficiencies in the economy, led to stagnant economic growth under Alexei Kosygin, and further with Leonid Brezhnev and a growing disillusionment. After the younger, vigorous Mikhail Gorbachev (b. 1931), assumed leadership in 1985, (following two short-term elderly leaders who quickly died in succession), rapid steps were taken to transform the tottering Soviet economic system in the direction of a market economy once again. Gorbachev and his allies envisioned the introduction of an economy similar to Lenin's earlier New Economic Policy through a program of \"perestroika\", or restructuring, but their reforms, along with the institution of free multi-candidate elections led to a decline in the party's power, and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the banning of the party by later last RSFSR President Boris Yeltsin and subsequent first President of an evolving democratic and free market economy of the successor Russian Federation.\nA number of causes contributed to CPSU's loss of control and the dissolution of the Soviet Union during the early 1990s. Some historians have written that Gorbachev's policy of \"glasnost\" (political openness) was the root cause, noting that it weakened the party's control over society. Gorbachev maintained that perestroika without glasnost was doomed to failure anyway. Others have blamed the economic stagnation and subsequent loss of faith by the general populace in communist ideology. In the final years of the CPSU's existence, the Communist Parties of the federal subjects of Russia were united into the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). After the CPSU's demise, the Communist Parties of the Union Republics became independent and underwent various separate paths of reform. In Russia, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation emerged and has been regarded as the inheritor of the CPSU's old Bolshevik legacy into the present day.", "Q365581": "Jean-Georges Noverre (29 April 1727 \u2013 19 October 1810) was a French dancer and balletmaster, and is generally considered the creator of ballet d'action, a precursor of the narrative ballets of the 19th century. His birthday is now observed as International Dance Day.\nHis first professional appearances occurred as a youth in Paris at the Op\u00e9ra-Comique, at Fontainebleau, in Berlin before Frederick II and his brother Prince Henry of Prussia, in Dresden and Strasburg. In 1747 he moved to Strasbourg, where he remained until 1750 before moving to Lyon. In 1751, he composed his first great work, Les F\u00eates Chinoises for Marseilles. The work was revived in Paris in 1754 to great acclaim. In 1755, he was invited by Garrick to London, where he remained for two years.Between 1758 and 1760 he produced several ballets at Lyon, and published his Lettres sur la danse et les ballets. It is from this period that the revolution in the art of the ballet for which Noverre was responsible can be dated. Prior to Noverre, ballets were large spectacles that focused mainly on elaborate costumes and scenery and not on the physical and emotional expression of the dancers. He was next engaged by Duke Karl Eugen of W\u00fcrttemberg, and later Austrian Empress Maria Theresa, until 1774. In 1776, he was appointed ma\u00eetre des ballets of the Paris Opera at the request of Queen Marie Antoinette. He returned to Vienna in Spring of 1776 to stage ballets there, but in June 1776 he returned again to Paris. He regained this post until the French Revolution reduced him to poverty. He died on 19 October 1810 at Saint-Germain-en-Laye.\n\nNoverre's friends included Voltaire, Mozart, Frederick the Great and David Garrick (who called him \"the Shakespeare of the dance\"). The ballets of which he was most proud were his La Toilette de V\u00e9nus, Les Jalousies du s\u00e9rail, L'Amour corsaire and Le Jaloux sans rival. Besides the Lettres sur la danse, Noverre wrote Observations sur la construction d'une nouvelle salle de l'Op\u00e9ra (1781); Lettres sur Garrick \u00e9crites \u00e0 Voltaire (1801); and Lettre \u00e0 un artiste sur les f\u00eates publiques (1801).", "Q856941": "Ratt is an American heavy metal band that had significant commercial success in the 1980s, with their albums having been certified as gold, platinum, and multi-platinum by the RIAA. The group is perhaps best known for hit singles such as \"Round and Round\" and \"Lay It Down\", tracks that ranked on Billboard's top 40 at No. 12 and No. 40, respectively, as well as other songs such as \"Wanted Man\", \"You're in Love\" and \"Dance\". Along with groups such as friendly rivals M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce, Ratt has been recognized as instrumental in the formation of the early 1980s Los Angeles glam metal scene, also known as \"hair metal\" or \"pop metal\".The band has continued to tour and record following extended hiatuses and line-up changes, releasing their latest studio album, Infestation, on April 20, 2010.", "Q868677": "Los Altos Hills (US: ) (translation: The Heights Hills) is an incorporated town in Santa Clara County, California, United States. The population was 7,922 at the 2010 census.\nThe Los Altos Hills ZIP code 94022 appeared on the 2017 Forbes list of America's most expensive ZIP codes; 94022 was ranked the 3rd most expensive in the United States, with a median home price of $7,755,000. In 2019, a Bloomberg analysis ranked Los Altos Hills the fourth richest town in the United States.", "Q444066": "Tanguy is a 2001 French black comedy by \u00c9tienne Chatiliez.\n\n", "Q122666": "Carl Schenkel (pseudonym: Carlo Ombra),\n(8 May 1948 \u2013 1 December 2003) was a Swiss film director. His 1984 film Abw\u00e4rts won the Bavarian Film Award for Best Direction in 1985.", "Q103870": "Irene Meichsner (born 1952 in Bonn) is a German Science journalist and author. She works for K\u00f6lner Stadtanzeiger, a newspaper in Cologne and as a freelance journalist and book author.", "Q1193914": "Ashley Fuller Olsen (born June 13, 1986) is an American fashion designer, businesswoman, author, and former actress and producer. She began her acting career one year after her birth, sharing the role of Michelle Tanner with her twin sister Mary-Kate Olsen in the television sitcom, Full House (1987\u20131995). They also starred in numerous films together.\nIn 1993, the production company Dualstar Entertainment Group was founded, which produced a long string of TV movies and direct-to-video releases featuring the girls; they starred in Passport to Paris (1999), Our Lips Are Sealed (2000), Winning London (2001), Holiday in the Sun (2001) and in the television series, So Little Time (2001\u20132002).\nThey starred in, Getting There (2002), When in Rome (2002), The Challenge (2003) and made cameos in Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003). The last film she starred in with her twin sister was New York Minute (2004). She continued with her acting career independently, appearing with a few guest-star roles in films and in a music video.\nIn March 2012, both Mary-Kate and Ashley officially indicated their interest to retire as actresses in order to focus on their careers in the fashion industry.\nShe and her twin sister co-founded luxury fashion brand, The Row, lifestyle brand Elizabeth and James, and more affordable fashion lines, Olsenboye and StyleMint. They co-authored a book, Influence, featuring interviews with fashion designers that have inspired their fashion lines. They are members of the Council of Fashion Designers of America.", "Q249719": "Yui (born March 26, 1987), stylized as YUI or yui, is a Japanese singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and actress. Born and raised in Fukuoka prefecture, she played live at various locations in her hometown before being noticed by Sony Music Japan when she was 17 years old, and released her debut single months later. Her singles, however, were only met with moderate success until the breakout \"Good-bye Days\", which charted for 44 weeks on Oricon and marked her as one of the Japanese music industry's rising stars.Since Yui's debut album, From Me to You, each of her soloist album releases has topped the charts, with at least one single reaching number one on the Oricon charts from 2007 until her second hiatus in 2012, including five straight from mid-2008 to late 2010.She is popular in Japan and in surrounding countries, ranking number one in 2011 Count Down TV \"Dearest Female Artist\" and Music Station \"Artist You Most Want to Marry\" polls, as well as Radio Television Hong Kong's \"Most Popular Japanese Artist\".After retiring from music as a soloist in 2012, she formed the band Flower Flower in 2013.", "Q1514332": "The Kuntsevo Cemetery (Russian: \u041a\u0443\u0301\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435) is a cemetery servicing Kuntsevo, Moscow. It is located on the bank of the Setun River, to the south of the Mozhaisk Highway (the continuation of the Kutuzovsky Prospekt). The local five-domed church was commissioned in 1673 by Artamon Matveyev. The cemetery is administered as part of the Novodevichy Cemetery complex.", "Q1960990": "Catharina Anna Petronella Antonia \"Kitty\" Courbois (13 July 1937 \u2013 11 March 2017) was a Dutch actress. In 2010 she was awarded the Medal of Merit.\n\n", "Q68959": "Thalwil is a municipality and town in the district of Horgen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. As of 2010 its population was of 17,189. Besides the town of Thalwil, the municipality includes the village of Gattikon.\nThe official language of Thalwil is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q1887879": "The University of San Francisco (USF) is a private Jesuit university in San Francisco, California. The school's main campus is located on a 55-acre (22 ha) setting between the Golden Gate Bridge and Golden Gate Park. The main campus is nicknamed \"The Hilltop\", and part of the main campus is located on Lone Mountain, one of San Francisco's major geographical features. Its close historical ties with the City and County of San Francisco are reflected in the university's traditional motto, Pro Urbe et Universitate (For the City and University).\n\n", "Q174346": "Kate Noelle Holmes (born April 18, 1978) is an American actress, producer, and director. She first achieved fame as Joey Potter on the television series Dawson's Creek (1998\u20132003).\nShe made her feature film debut in Ang Lee's The Ice Storm in 1997. Subsequent film roles include: Go, Teaching Mrs. Tingle (both 1999), Wonder Boys, The Gift (both 2000), Abandon, Phone Booth (both 2002), The Singing Detective, Pieces of April (both 2003), Batman Begins, Thank You for Smoking (both 2005), Mad Money (2008), Don't Be Afraid of the Dark (2010), Jack and Jill (2011), Miss Meadows (2014), Woman in Gold, Touched with Fire (both 2015) and Logan Lucky (2017).\nIn 2008, she made her Broadway theatre debut in a production of Arthur Miller's All My Sons. In 2011, she played Jacqueline Kennedy in the TV miniseries The Kennedys, a role she reprised in The Kennedys: After Camelot (2017). She made her directorial debut with the 2016 film All We Had, in which she also starred.\nHer marriage to actor Tom Cruise, which lasted from 2006 to 2012, led to a great deal of media attention, with the pair being called a supercouple and being given the nickname \"TomKat\" in various countries.", "Q1930619": "Miche\u2013Guerciotti is a UCI Continental cycling team active from 2003. The team is managed by Mauro Tognaccini with assistance from directeur sportifs Marco Tozzi, Giuseppe Tognaccini and Todor Kolev.", "Q727223": "Salem's Lot is a 2004 American two-part television miniseries which first aired on TNT on June 20 and ended its run on June 21, 2004. It is the second television adaptation of Stephen King's 1975 vampire novel of the same name (the first version was made in 1979).\nAlthough the novel and original miniseries were both set in the 1970s, this version updates the story to take place in the 2000s. The story is still set in a small Maine town, but the miniseries was actually shot on location at Creswick and Woodend, in Central Victoria, Australia.", "Q623737": "Jo Jung-Rae (Hangul: \uc870\uc815\ub798; Hanja: \u8d99\u5ef7\u4f86) is a novelist from South Korea, who is the author of the best selling novels Taebaek Mountain Range, Arirang, and Han River'", "Q353755": "Thomas Duane Arnold (born March 6, 1959) is an American actor and comedian.\nHe has appeared in several films, including Nine Months (1995), True Lies (1994), McHale's Navy (1997), Animal Factory (2000), Cradle 2 the Grave (2003), Mr. 3000 (2004), Happy Endings (2005), The Great Buck Howard (2008), and Madea's Witness Protection (2011). He was also the host of The Best Damn Sports Show Period for four years.", "Q48337": "Morgan Porterfield Freeman (born June 1, 1937) is an American actor and film narrator. Freeman won an Academy Award in 2005 for Best Supporting Actor with Million Dollar Baby (2004) and has received Oscar nominations for his performances in Street Smart (1987), Driving Miss Daisy (1989), The Shawshank Redemption (1994) and Invictus (2009). He has also won a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award.\nFreeman has appeared in many other box office hits, including Glory (1989), Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991), Seven (1995), Deep Impact (1998), The Sum of All Fears (2002), Bruce Almighty (2003), The Dark Knight Trilogy (2005\u20132012), Wanted (2008), Red (2010), Now You See Me (2013), The Lego Movie (2014), and Lucy (2014). He rose to fame as part of the cast of the 1970s children's program The Electric Company. Noted for his deep voice, Freeman has served as a narrator, commentator, and voice actor for numerous programs, series and television shows. He is ranked as the seventh-highest box office star since July 2019. He has a combined total box office gross of $4.57 billion, with an average of $71.5 million per film.", "Q933101": "Allison \"Al\" Danzig (27 February 1898 \u2013 27 January 1987) was an American sportswriter who specialized in writing about tennis, but also covered college football, squash, many Olympic Games, and rowing. Danzig was the only American sportswriter to extensively cover real tennis, the precursor to modern lawn tennis.Danzig covered every tournament in the Grand Slam - the U.S. Open, the Australian Open, Wimbledon, and the French Open - as well as many others. In 1968, Danzig was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island - becoming the first journalist in the Hall. In an interview shortly before his death, he named Bill Tilden as the greatest player he had covered.", "Q2297042": "Tooth & Nail Records is a Christian rock record label founded by Brandon Ebel in California in November 1993. The label later moved to Seattle, Washington where it is situated today. It has been home to many well-known musical acts, including Underoath, Hawk Nelson, Emery, The Almost, FM Static, Family Force 5, Anberlin, and MxPx.\nTooth & Nail's first album released was Wish for Eden's Pet the Fish, which was produced by Michael Knott and originally slated to be released by Blonde Vinyl. Subsequent releases from The Juliana Theory, MxPx, and Starflyer 59 made Tooth & Nail a strong force in Christian music circles, as well as a niche underground subculture in itself. Prior to forming Tooth & Nail, Ebel worked for the Christian label Frontline.\n\n", "Q546665": "Krista Anri Susanna Huovinen (born 10 June 1972) is a Finnish politician of the Social Democratic Party and the Minister of Social Services between 2013 and 2015.\nHuovinen was born in Liminka, and was elected to the Finnish Parliament in 1999 from Central Finland. She was deputy chairman of the Social Democratic parliamentary group from 2003 to 2005, when she was elected to the cabinet. She held the post of Minister of Transport and Communications from 24 September 2005 to 18 April 2007.In addition to her role in parliament, Huovinen has been serving as member of the Finnish delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since 2011. As member of the Socialist Group, she is currently a member of the Committee on Rules of Procedure, Immunities and Institutional Affairs; the Sub-Committee on Integration; and the Sub-Committee on Refugee and Migrant Children and Young People.", "Q58124": "Zlatko Lagumd\u017eija (born 26 December 1955) is a Bosnian former politician.He was the 2nd president of the Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SDP) from 1997 to 2014.\n\n", "Q334916": "\u00dcnal Aysal (Turkish pronunciation: [\u02c8yna\u026b aj\u02c8sa\u026b], born 2 June 1941) is a Turkish businessman. He was the chairman of Galatasaray S.K..", "Q215072": "John Stephen Goodman (born June 20, 1952) is an American actor. He played Dan Conner on the ABC TV series Roseanne (1988\u20131997; 2018), for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in 1993 and reprised the role in its sequel series The Conners. He is a regular collaborator with the Coen brothers on such films as Raising Arizona (1987), Barton Fink (1991), The Big Lebowski (1998), O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), and Inside Llewyn Davis (2013). His voice roles include Sulley in Pixar's Monsters, Inc. franchise and Pacha in Disney's The Emperor's New Groove franchise.\nHis other film performances include lead roles in Always (1989), King Ralph (1991), The Babe (1992), The Flintstones (1994), Blues Brothers 2000 (1998), and 10 Cloverfield Lane (2016), and supporting roles in True Stories (1986), Coyote Ugly (2000), The Artist (2011), Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (2011), Argo (2012), Flight (2012), The Hangover Part III (2013), Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014), Patriots Day (2016), Kong: Skull Island (2017), and Transformers: The Last Knight (2017).\nOn television, Goodman has had regular roles on Amazon Studios's Alpha House and on the first season of HBO's Treme and has been a frequent host of Saturday Night Live, as well as playing guest roles on series such as Community. He stars in the HBO comedy The Righteous Gemstones, which premiered in 2019. John Heilpern of Vanity Fair has called him \"among our very finest actors\".", "Q176551": "Charles Milby Dale (March 8, 1893 \u2013 September 28, 1978) was an American lawyer and Republican politician from Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He was the sixty-sixth Governor of New Hampshire, serving from 1945 to 1949.", "Q875626": "The Waldfriedhof Dahlem (Dahlem forest cemetery) is a cemetery in Berlin, in the district of Steglitz-Zehlendorf on the edge of the Grunewald forest at H\u00fcttenweg 47. Densely planted with conifers and designed between 1931 and 1933 after the plans of Albert Brodersen, it is one of Berlin's more recent cemeteries. Its graves include those of writers such as Gottfried Benn, composers such as Wolfgang Werner Eisbrenner and entertainers like Harald Juhnke, and put it among the so-called \"Prominentenfriedh\u00f6fe\" or celebrity cemeteries.", "Q101901": "Valeska von Gallwitz (January 22, 1833 in Glogau; \u2020 April 9, 1888) was a German writer.", "Q138158": "Thomas Michael John Kempinski (born 24 March 1938) is an English playwright and actor best known for his 1980 play Duet for One, which was a major success in London and New York City and which has been much revived since. Kempinski also wrote the screenplay for the movie version of Duet for One. In addition, he made minor appearances on numerous British television shows including Dixon of Dock Green and Z-Cars.", "Q297703": "Mar\u00eda Lucila Beltr\u00e1n Ruiz (7 March 1932 \u2013 24 March 1996), better known as Lola Beltr\u00e1n, was a Mexican singer, actress, and television presenter.\nBeltr\u00e1n is and was one of Mexico's most acclaimed singers of Ranchera and Huapango music. She made the famous song \"Priscila elque se fue\" collaborations with other acclaimed Mexican music stars such as Amalia Mendoza, Juan Gabriel and Lucha Villa. She was internationally renowned for her interpretation of the songs \"Cucurrucuc\u00fa paloma\" and \"Paloma Negra\" as well as sang before many world leaders. She was nicknamed Lola la Grande (\"Lola the Great\").On cinema, she made her film debut on El cantor del circo (1940) an Argentine film. She also shared credits with famous and important Mexican movie stars such as Emilio Fern\u00e1ndez, Ignacio L\u00f3pez Tarso, Katy Jurado, Mar\u00eda F\u00e9lix and Pedro Armend\u00e1riz in La Bandida (1963). Her last film appearance came at Una gallina muy ponedora (1982) sharing credits with Columba Dom\u00ednguez and Emilio Fern\u00e1ndez.\nAs a television presenter, she hosted the programs Noches tapatias (1976) and her own television program entitled El estudio de Lola Beltr\u00e1n (1984), programs in which she received stars such as Cornelio Reyna, Juan Gabriel, La Prieta Linda and Luis Miguel.", "Q504456": "The Schnidehorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies in the massif of the Wildhorn, west of the Rawil Pass. A ridge connects the Schnidehorn and the Wildhorn to the southwest, via the Schnidejoch.", "Q379816": "For the British poet and author (1878\u20131955), see Oliver W. F. Lodge\n\nSir Oliver Joseph Lodge, (12 June 1851 \u2013 22 August 1940) was a British physicist and writer involved in the development of, and holder of key patents for, radio. He identified electromagnetic radiation independent of Hertz's proof and at his 1894 Royal Institution lectures (\"The Work of Hertz and Some of His Successors\"), Lodge demonstrated an early radio wave detector he named the \"coherer\". In 1898 he was awarded the \"syntonic\" (or tuning) patent by the United States Patent Office. Lodge was Principal of the University of Birmingham from 1900 to 1920.", "Q88675": "Erasmus Finx (November 16, 1627 \u2013 December 20, 1694), aka Erasmus Francisci, was a German Polymath, author and writer of Christian hymns.", "Q254748": "Jo Elizabeth Stafford (November 12, 1917 \u2013 July 16, 2008) was an American traditional pop music singer and occasional actress, whose career spanned five decades from the late 1930s to the early 1980s. Admired for the purity of her voice, she originally underwent classical training to become an opera singer before following a career in popular music, and by 1955 had achieved more worldwide record sales than any other female artist. Her 1952 song \"You Belong to Me\" topped the charts in the United States and United Kingdom, the record becoming the first by a female artist to reach number one on the UK Singles Chart.\nBorn in remote oil rich Coalinga, California, near Bakersfield in the San Joaquin Valley, Stafford made her first musical appearance at age 12. While still at high school, she joined her two older sisters to form a vocal trio named the Stafford Sisters, who found moderate success on radio and in film. In 1938, while the sisters were part of the cast of Twentieth Century Fox's production of Alexander's Ragtime Band, Stafford met the future members of the Pied Pipers and became the group's lead singer. Bandleader Tommy Dorsey hired them in 1939 to perform back-up vocals for his orchestra.\nIn addition to her recordings with the Pied Pipers, Stafford featured in solo performances for Dorsey. After leaving the group in 1944, she recorded a series of pop standards for Capitol Records and Columbia Records. Many of her recordings were backed by the orchestra of Paul Weston. She also performed duets with Gordon MacRae and Frankie Laine. Her work with the United Service Organizations giving concerts for soldiers during World War II earned her the nickname \"G.I. Jo\". Starting in 1945, Stafford was a regular host of the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) radio series The Chesterfield Supper Club and later appeared in television specials\u2014including two series called The Jo Stafford Show, in 1954 in the U.S. and in 1961 in the U.K.\nStafford married twice, first in 1937 to musician John Huddleston (the couple divorced in 1943), then in 1952 to Paul Weston, with whom she had two children. Weston and she developed a comedy routine in which they assumed the identity of an incompetent lounge act named Jonathan and Darlene Edwards, parodying well-known songs. The act proved popular at parties and among the wider public when the couple released an album as the Edwardses in 1957. In 1961, the album Jonathan and Darlene Edwards in Paris won Stafford her only Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album, and was the first commercially successful parody album. Stafford largely retired as a performer in the mid-1960s, but continued in the music business. She had a brief resurgence in popularity in the late 1970s when she recorded a cover of the Bee Gees hit, \"Stayin' Alive\" as Darlene Edwards. In the 1990s, she began re-releasing some of her material through Corinthian Records, a label founded by Weston. She died in 2008 in Century City, Los Angeles, and is interred with Weston at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City. Her work in radio, television, and music is recognized by three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q535853": "The Bronx is an American punk rock band from Los Angeles, California, originally formed in 2002. The band's current line-up consists of vocalist Matt Caughthran, guitarists Joby J. Ford and Ken Horne, bass guitarist Brad Magers, and drummer Joey Castillo. The band have released five studio albums, as well three additional albums of mariachi music under the moniker of Mariachi El Bronx.", "Q87546": "Carl Balhaus (4 November 1905 \u2013 28 July 1968) was a German stage and film actor. After the Second World War he worked as director for the East German state-owned studio DEFA. He was an uncle of the Academy Award nominated cinematographer Michael Ballhaus.", "Q15024": "Donald Tsang Yam-kuen, GBM, KBE (Chinese: \u66fe\u852d\u6b0a; born 7 October 1944) is a former Hong Kong civil servant and was the second Chief Executive of Hong Kong from 2005 to 2012.\nTsang joined the colonial civil service as an Executive Officer in 1967, occupying various positions in local administration, finance and trade before he was appointed Financial Secretary of Hong Kong in 1995, becoming the first ethnic Chinese to hold the position under British administration. He continued to serve in the Hong Kong SAR government after 1997 and gained his reputation internationally for his intervention in Hong Kong's stock market in defending the Hong Kong dollar's peg to the US dollar during the 1997 financial crisis.\nTsang became the Chief Secretary for Administration in 2001 and ran for the Chief Executive in 2005 after incumbent Tung Chee-hwa resigned. He served the remaining term of Tung and was re-elected in 2007. He served a full five-year term until he stepped down in 2012. In his seven years of term, he proposed two constitutional reform proposals in 2005 and 2010 and saw the second ones passed after he reached a compromise with the pro-democracy legislators, making it the first and only political reform proposals to be passed in the SAR history. He carried out a five-year policy blueprint and ten large-scale infrastructure projects during his term. His popularity began to decline after the introduction of the Political Appointments System which was marked by controversies and scandals.\nIn the last months of his term, Tsang was embroiled by various corruption allegations. He was subsequently charged by the Independent Commission Against Corruption and was found guilty of one count of misconduct in public office in February 2017 and was sentenced to a 20-month imprisonment, becoming the highest officeholder in Hong Kong history to be convicted and imprisoned. His name was later cleared when the Court of Final Appeal unanimously quashed his conviction and sentence in June 2019, on the ground that the trial judge had misdirected the jury.", "Q2295655": "Carrere was a French record label which specialized in Euro disco and rock music. The record company was sold to Warner Music Group in the early 1990s.", "Q931716": "London Film School (LFS) is a not-for-profit film school in London and is situated in a converted brewery in Covent Garden, London, neighbouring Soho, a hub of the UK film industry. \nLFS was founded in 1956 by Gilmore Roberts as the London School of Film Technique (LSFT). Originally based on Electric Avenue in Brixton, the school moved to its current premises on Shelton Street in 1966, after a brief parenthesis in Charlotte Street, and changed its name to London Film School in 1969. From 1974 to 2000, it was known as the London International Film School (LIFS), and reverted to the name London Film School in 2001. \nLFS offers various degrees at postgraduate level: an MA in Filmmaking, an MA in Screenwriting, and, in partnership with the University of Exeter, an MA in International Film Business and a PhD in Film by Practice. It also offers a range of short and part-time professional development courses under the LFS Workshops banner. \nLFS recruits students from all over the world and is specifically constituted as an international community; around 60% of its students are from outside the United Kingdom. LFS is one of the ScreenSkills \"Film Academy Centres of Excellence\".The school's current Director is G\u00edsli Sn\u00e6r and its current chairman is Greg Dyke.", "Q81137": "Olomouc (UK: OL-\u0259-mohts, US: OH-loh-, Czech: [\u02c8olomouts] (listen); locally Holom\u00f3c or Olom\u00f3c; German: Olm\u00fctz; Polish: O\u0142omuniec [\u0254w\u0254\u02c8mu\u0272\u025bts]; Hungarian: Alam\u00f3c; Latin: Olomucium or Iuliomontium) is a city in Moravia, in the east of the Czech Republic. Located on the Morava River, the city is the ecclesiastical metropolis and was a historical capital city of Moravia, before having been sacked by the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War. Today, it is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region and the sixth largest city in the Czech Republic. The city has about 100,000 residents, and its larger urban zone has a population of about 480,000 people.", "Q129055": "The Fast and the Furious is a 1954 American B movie crime film from a story written by Roger Corman and screenplay by Jean Howell and Jerome Odlum. The film stars John Ireland and Dorothy Malone. Ireland also served as the film's co-director. The Fast and the Furious was the first film produced for the American International Pictures company.", "Q22850": "Eva Lohse (n\u00e9e M\u00fcller-Tamm; born 23 January 1956 in Ludwigshafen) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). She was the mayor (Oberb\u00fcrgermeisterin) of Ludwigshafen from 2002 to 2017.\nIn addition to her work as Mayor, Lohse served as president of the Deutscher St\u00e4dtetag from June 2015 to December 2017. The group is the head organization and lobby group for 3400 German cities vis-\u00e0-vis the Cabinet of Germany, the German Bundestag, the Bundesrat of Germany, the European Union (EU) and many organizations.", "Q160333": "Prosper M\u00e9rim\u00e9e (French: [me\u0281ime]; 28 September 1803 \u2013 23 September 1870) was a French writer in the movement of Romanticism, and one of the pioneers of the novella, a short novel or long short story. He was also a noted archaeologist and historian, and an important figure in the history of architectural preservation. He is best known for his novella Carmen, which became the basis of Bizet's opera Carmen. He learned Russian and translated the work of several important Russian writers, including Pushkin and Gogol, into French. From 1830 until 1860 he was the inspector of French historical monuments, and was responsible for the protection of many historic sites, including the medieval citadel of Carcassonne and the restoration of the fa\u00e7ade of the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris. Along with the writer George Sand, he discovered the series of tapestries called The Lady and the Unicorn, and arranged for their preservation. He was instrumental in the creation of Mus\u00e9e national du Moyen \u00c2ge in Paris, where the tapestries now are displayed. The official database of French monuments, the Base M\u00e9rim\u00e9e, bears his name.", "Q661504": "Nicholas Romanovich Romanov, Prince of Russia (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432; 26 September 1922 \u2013 15 September 2014) was a claimant to the headship of the House of Romanov and president of the Romanov Family Association. Although undoubtedly a descendant of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, his claimed titles and official membership in the former Imperial House were disputed by those who maintained that his parents' marriage violated the laws of Imperial Russia.", "Q109385": "Heinz Neumann (6 July 1902 \u2013 26 November 1937) was a German politician from the Communist Party (KPD) and a journalist. He was a member of the Comintern, editor in chief of the party newspaper Die Rote Fahne and a member of the Reichstag.", "Q64805": "F\u00fcrstenau (Romansh: Farschno) is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden and the smallest town to hold city rights with a market right received from Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor in 1354.", "Q678041": "Taylor Benjamin York (born December 17, 1989) is an American musician, songwriter, and record producer. He is the rhythm and lead guitarist of American rock band Paramore. His brother, Justin York, was a touring member of Relient K and is currently a touring guitarist for Paramore.\n\n", "Q370198": "William Dempster Hoard (October 10, 1836 \u2013 November 22, 1918) was an American politician, a newspaper editor, and the 16th Governor of the U.S. state of Wisconsin from 1889 to 1891.", "Q177883": "Lawrence Lewis (June 22, 1879 \u2013 December 9, 1943) was a U.S. Representative from Colorado.\nBorn in St. Louis, Missouri, Lewis attended the public schools in Evanston, Illinois, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Pueblo, Colorado, and the University of Colorado at Boulder.\nHe graduated from Harvard University in 1901.\nHe engaged in newspaper and magazine work in Pueblo and Denver, Colorado from 1901 to 1906.\nHe served as assistant instructor in English, Harvard University from 1906 to 1909.\nHe graduated from the Harvard Law School in 1909.\nHe was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Denver, Colorado.\nHe served as member of Colorado Civil Service Commission 1917-1918.\nPrivate in the Seventeenth Observation Battery, Field Artillery, Central Officers' Training School, October to December 1918.\nHe was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1930 to the Seventy-second Congress.\nLewis was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-third and five succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1933, until his death.\nHe was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1933 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against Harold Louderback, judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.\nHe died in Washington, D.C., on December 9, 1943.\nHe was interred in Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio.", "Q44519": "Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerl\u00f6f (, also US: , Swedish: [\u02c8s\u025b\u0302l\u02d0ma \u02c8l\u0251\u0302\u02d0\u0261\u025b\u02cc\u026d\u00f8\u02d0v] (listen); 20 November 1858 \u2013 16 March 1940) was a Swedish author and teacher. She published her first novel, G\u00f6sta Berling's Saga, at the age of 33. She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, which she was awarded in 1909. Additionally, she was the first woman to be granted a membership in The Swedish Academy in 1914.", "Q609860": "Woodrow Wilson Woolwine Strode (July 25, 1914 \u2013 December 31, 1994) was an American athlete and actor. He was a decathlete and football star who was one of the first Black American players in the National Football League in the postwar era. After football, he went on to become a film actor, where he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Spartacus in 1960. He served in the United States Army during World War II.", "Q356639": "Nevil Shute Norway (17 January 1899 \u2013 12 January 1960) was an English novelist and aeronautical engineer who spent his later years in Australia. He used his full name in his engineering career and Nevil Shute as his pen name to protect his engineering career from inferences by his employers (Vickers) or fellow engineers that he was not a serious person or from potential negative publicity in connection with his novels, which included On the Beach and A Town Like Alice.", "Q126372": "The Girl is a 1987 British-Swedish drama film directed by Arne Mattsson and starring Franco Nero, Bernice Stegers and Christopher Lee.", "Q42168": "Clermont-Ferrand (UK: , US: , French: [kl\u025b\u0281m\u0254\u0303 f\u025b\u0281\u0251\u0303] (listen); Auvergnat: Clharmou; Latin: Augustonemetum) is a city and commune of France, in the Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes region, with a population of 141,569 (2012). Its metropolitan area had 467,178 inhabitants at the 2011 census. It is the prefecture (capital) of the Puy-de-D\u00f4me department. Olivier Bianchi is its current mayor.\nClermont-Ferrand sits on the plain of Limagne in the Massif Central and is surrounded by a major industrial area. The city known for the chain of volcanoes, the Cha\u00eene des Puys surrounding it, including the dormant volcano Puy de D\u00f4me (10 kilometres (6 miles), one of the highest, topped by communications towers, and visible from the city.\nClermont-Ferrand hosts the Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival (Festival du Court-M\u00e9trage de Clermont-Ferrand), one of the world's leading international festivals for short films. It is also home to the corporate headquarters of Michelin, the global tyre company founded there more than 100 years ago.\nClermont-Ferrand's most famous public square is Place de Jaude, on which stands a grand statue of Vercingetorix astride a warhorse and brandishing a sword. The inscription reads: J'ai pris les armes pour la libert\u00e9 de tous (I took up arms for the liberty of all). This statue was sculpted by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bartholdi, who also created the Statue of Liberty.", "Q218542": "Margaret Grace Denig (born September 21, 1983) is an American actress and model. She is known for playing Shannon Rutherford on the ABC television series Lost (2004\u20132006; 2010), Kim Mills in the Taken trilogy (2008\u20132014), and Irina in The Twilight Saga (2011\u20132012).\nBorn in Worthington, Ohio, Grace went on to earn a Young Artist Award nomination in 2002 with her portrayal of 15-year-old murder victim Martha Moxley in the television movie Murder in Greenwich. In 2004, Grace was cast as Shannon Rutherford in the television series Lost, on which she was a main cast member for the first two seasons, winning a Screen Actors Guild Award shared with the ensemble cast. Leaving the series, Grace was keen to work more prominently in film. She appeared in The Jane Austen Book Club (2007), and opposite Liam Neeson as Kim Mills in Taken in 2008. She reprised the role of Kim in Taken 2 (2012) and Taken 3 (2014).\nShe played the lead role, Alice, in Malice in Wonderland, a modern take on Lewis Carroll's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Grace reprised the role of Shannon in two more episodes of Lost, including the series finale. In 2013, she appeared in the sixth season of Californication. She portrayed Faith, a groupie and a muse to the stars, who captures the eye of Hank Moody, played by David Duchovny. She joined the cast of the series Fear the Walking Dead in 2018 as a journalist named Althea.", "Q465902": "Francisca Edwiges Neves Gonzaga, better known as Chiquinha Gonzaga (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0283i\u02c8ki\u0272\u0250 \u0261\u00f5\u02c8za\u0261\u0250]; October 17, 1847, Rio de Janeiro \u2013 February 28, 1935, Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian composer, pianist and the first woman conductor in Brazil.Chiquinha Gonzaga was the first pianist of \"choro\" and author of the first carnival march, \"\u00d3 Abre Alas \"(1899). Her plays and operettas, such as Forrobod\u00f3 and Jurit\u00ed, were a great success with the public because they used elements of Brazilian popular culture of the time.\nIn the Passeio P\u00fablico of Rio de Janeiro, there is a herm in her honor by the sculptor Honorius Pe\u00e7anha. In May 2012, law 12624 was enacted establishing the National Day of Brazilian Popular Music, celebrated on the day of her birthday, October 17.", "Q860559": "Mexico City International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, AICM); officially Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Ju\u00e1rez (Benito Ju\u00e1rez International Airport) (IATA: MEX, ICAO: MMMX) is an international airport that serves Greater Mexico City. It is Mexico's and Latin America's busiest airport by passenger traffic and aircraft movements. The airport sustains 35,000 jobs directly and around 15,000 indirectly in the immediate area. The airport is owned by Grupo Aeroportuario de la Ciudad de M\u00e9xico and operated by Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares, the government-owned corporation, which also operates 22 other airports throughout Mexico. In recent years Toluca Airport has become an alternate airport.This airport is served by 30 domestic and international passenger airlines and 17 cargo carriers. As the main hub for Mexico's largest airline Aerom\u00e9xico (with Aerom\u00e9xico Connect), the airport has become a SkyTeam hub. It is also a hub for Aeromar, Interjet, Volaris, and a focus city for VivaAerobus. On a typical day, more than 100,000 passengers pass through the airport to and from more than 100 destinations on four continents. In 2018, the airport handled 47,700,547 passengers, a 6.6% increase compared to 2017.Operating near the limits of its capacity, calls for replacing the airport were announced in September 2014, with the proposed location to be built 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) north-northeast of the current airport, east of Ecatepec. In January 2019, construction of the new airport was cancelled.", "Q2370801": "The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991, uniting the country's leading scientists, subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 \u2013 to the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union).\nIn 1991, by the decree of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Russian Academy of Sciences was established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.", "Q584524": "If were a British progressive rock and jazz rock band formed in 1969. In the period spanning 1970\u201375, they released eight studio-recorded albums and undertook 17 tours of Europe, the US and Canada.", "Q381607": "Ithiel Town (October 3, 1784 \u2013 June 13, 1844) was a prominent American architect and civil engineer. One of the first generation of professional architects in the United States, Town made significant contributions to American architecture in the first half of the 19th century. His work, in the Federal and revivalist Greek and Gothic revival architectural styles, was influential and widely copied.\n\n", "Q511729": "Santurce is a barrio in the municipality of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 81,251. It is also the biggest and most populated of all the districts in the capital with a bigger population than most municipalities of Puerto Rico and one of the most densely populated areas of the island (15,447.0 persons per square mile).", "Q51672": "Herod (; Hebrew: \u05d4\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b0\u05d3\u05d5\u05b9\u05e1, Modern: Hordos, Tiberian: H\u014dre\u1e0f\u014ds, Greek: \u1f29\u03c1\u1ff4\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2, H\u0113r\u01edd\u0113s, Aramaic: \u05d4\u05b5\u05e8\u05b8\u05d5\u05d3\u05b5\u05e1 H\u0113r\u0101wd\u0113s; 74/73 BCE \u2013 c. 4 BCE), also known as Herod the Great and Herod I, was a Roman client king of Judea, referred to as the Herodian kingdom. The history of his legacy has polarized opinion, as he is known for his colossal building projects throughout Judea, including his renovation of the Second Temple in Jerusalem and the expansion of the Temple Mount towards its north, the Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron, the construction of the port at Caesarea Maritima, the fortress at Masada, and Herodium. Vital details of his life are recorded in the works of the 1st century CE Roman\u2013Jewish historian Josephus. Herod also appears in the Christian Gospel of Matthew as the ruler of Judea who orders the Massacre of the Innocents at the time of the birth of Jesus, although a majority of Herod biographers do not believe this event to have occurred. Despite his successes, including singlehandedly forging a new aristocracy from practically nothing, he has still garnered criticism from various historians. His reign polarizes opinion amongst scholars and historians, some viewing his legacy as evidence of success, and some as a reminder of his tyrannical rule.Upon Herod's death, the Romans divided his kingdom among three of his sons and his sister\u2014Archelaus became ethnarch of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea, Herod Antipas became tetrarch of Galilee and Peraea, Philip became tetrarch of territories north and east of the Jordan, and Salome I was given a toparchy including the cities of Jabneh, Ashdod, and Phasaelis.", "Q92639": "Christos Harilaos Papadimitriou (Greek: \u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5; born August 16, 1949) is a Greek theoretical computer scientist, and professor of Computer Science at Columbia University.", "Q241437": "Yolande Moreau (born 27 February 1953) is a Belgian comedian, actress, film director and screenwriter. She has won three C\u00e9sar Awards from four nominations.", "Q731455": "Sir Louis-Amable Jett\u00e9, (French pronunciation: \u200b[lwi amabl \u0292\u025bte]; 15 January 1836 \u2013 5 May 1920) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, judge, professor, and the eighth Lieutenant Governor of Quebec. He was born in L'Assomption, Lower Canada (now Quebec) in 1836.\nIn 1872, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada representing the riding of Montreal East. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1874.\nJett\u00e9 was chief justice of the Court of King\u2019s Bench.\nFrom 1898 to 1908 he was the lieutenant governor of Quebec. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) during the visit to Quebec of TRH the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (later King George V and Queen Mary) in October 1901.", "Q871454": "K\u00e1roly Csemegi (1826\u20131899) was a Hungarian judge who was instrumental in the creation of the first criminal code of Hungary. \nThough born Jewish, he later converted to Christianity.After serving as a major and commanding troops in the unsuccessful Hungarian Revolution of 1848, he worked as an advocate in the countryside. Following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, Csemegi became a high official in the new Hungarian Ministry of Justice, in which capacity he drafted the 1878 Criminal Code as well as the Code of Criminal Procedure. Soon after, he was appointed to the post of Presiding Judge of the Hungarian Supreme Court. Csemegi was also the founder and first president of the Hungarian Jurists' Association.\n\n", "Q579481": "Jean Le Bitoux (16 August 1948 \u2013 21 April 2010) was a French journalist and gay activist. He was the founder of Gai pied, the first mainstream gay magazine in France. He was a campaigner for Holocaust remembrance of homosexual victims. He was the author of several books about homosexuality.", "Q933115": "Enrico Martino is an Italian photojournalist.", "Q58130": "Mich\u00e8le Yvette Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Jeanne Honorine Alliot-Marie (French pronunciation: \u200b[mi\u0283\u025bl aljoma\u02c8\u0281i]; born 10 September 1946), known in France as MAM, is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from France. She is a member of the Republicans, part of the European People's Party. A member of all right-wing governments formed in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, she was the first woman in France to hold the portfolios of Defense (2002\u20132007), the Interior (2007\u20132009) and Foreign Affairs (2010\u20132011).; she has also been in charge of Youth and Sports (1993\u20131995) and Justice (2009\u20132010), and was granted the honorary rank of Minister of State in her last two offices.\nShe resigned from government in 2011 due to her position during the Tunisian Revolution; one year later, in the 2012 French legislative elections, she lost her seat as Deputy (MP) for the 6th Constituency of Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques. She became a member of the European Parliament in 2014. She remains Deputy Mayor of Saint-Jean-de-Luz as well as Vice President of the National Council of The Republicans.\nAlliot-Marie was the last President of the Rally for the Republic (1999\u20132002), an incarnation of the Gaullist party, and was the first woman to chair a major French political party. She has remained a leading Gaullist after the RPR merged into the UMP and was seen as a rival to Nicolas Sarkozy before and after his election as President in 2007, although direct confrontation was always avoided.\nAlliot-Marie is a law and political science scholar. Her companion is Patrick Ollier, Minister in charge of Relations with Parliament in the Fillon II government; both were ministers simultaneously for a few months in 2010-2011, the first time a couple ever sat in a French government.", "Q923306": "Christian Ernest Marclay (born January 11, 1955) is a visual artist and composer. He holds both American and Swiss nationality.\nMarclay's work explores connections between sound, noise, photography, video, and film. A pioneer of using gramophone records and turntables as musical instruments to create sound collages, Marclay is, in the words of critic Thom Jurek, perhaps the \"unwitting inventor of turntablism.\" His own use of turntables and records, beginning in the late 1970s, was developed independently of but roughly parallel to hip hop's use of the instrument.", "Q94248": "Death: February 4, 2019He Chaman Lal Chaman is a London-based noted Panjabi poet, lyricist and radio broadcaster. He is the writer of a popular Panjabi song, saun da mahina, sung by Jagjit Singh in 1979. He also writes in Urdu and Hindi.\nHe wrote a Bhangra song for Gurinder Chadha's Bride and Prejudice, starring Aishwarya Rai with music by Anu Malik, and many songs and ghazals for Jagjit Singh and his wife Chitra Singh. His lyrics has also been sung by noted Indian singers like Asha Bhosle, Kumar Sanu and Sonu Nigam.He worked as a radio presenter in Kenya and Britain and interviewed more than a hundred celebrities including, Sunil Dutt, Jawahar Lal Nehru and Naushad.\nHe was honored in London in 2010 and was presented the Asian Achievers Gold Award for his achievements in media, art and culture.", "Q4681995": "Adella Prentiss Hughes (November 29, 1869 \u2013 August 23, 1950) was a pianist and impresario based in Cleveland, Ohio. She is best known for having been the founder of The Cleveland Orchestra.\n\n", "Q11256": "Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (American Spanish: [fi\u02c8\u00f0el ale\u02c8xand\u027eo \u02c8kast\u027eo \u02c8rus]; 13 August 1926 \u2013 25 November 2016) was a Cuban communist revolutionary politician, a Marxist\u2013Leninist and Cuban nationalist. Castro governed the Republic of Cuba as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011, Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President of the Council of State and Council of Ministers from 1976 to 2008. Castro also served as the Commander-in-chief of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party communist state, while industry and business were nationalized and state socialist policies were implemented throughout society.\nBorn in Bir\u00e1n, Oriente as the son of a wealthy Spanish farmer, Castro adopted leftist anti-imperialist ideas while studying law at the University of Havana. After participating in rebellions against right-wing governments in the Dominican Republic and Colombia, he planned the overthrow of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista, launching a failed attack on the Moncada Barracks in 1953. After a year's imprisonment, Castro traveled to Mexico where he formed a revolutionary group, the 26th of July Movement, with his brother Ra\u00fal Castro and Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara. Returning to Cuba, Castro took a key role in the Cuban Revolution by leading the Movement in a guerrilla war against Batista's forces from the Sierra Maestra. After Batista's overthrow in 1959, Castro assumed military and political power as Cuba's Prime Minister. The United States came to oppose Castro's government and unsuccessfully attempted to remove him by assassination, economic blockade, and counter-revolution, including the Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961. Countering these threats, Castro aligned with the Soviet Union and allowed the Soviets to place nuclear weapons in Cuba, resulting in the Cuban Missile Crisis \u2013 a defining incident of the Cold War \u2013 in 1962.\nAdopting a Marxist\u2013Leninist model of development, Castro converted Cuba into a one-party, socialist state under Communist Party rule, the first in the Western Hemisphere. Policies introducing central economic planning and expanding healthcare and education were accompanied by state control of the press and the suppression of internal dissent. Abroad, Castro supported anti-imperialist revolutionary groups, backing the establishment of Marxist governments in Chile, Nicaragua, and Grenada, as well as sending troops to aid allies in the Yom Kippur, Ogaden, and Angolan Civil War. These actions, coupled with Castro's leadership of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1979 to 1983 and Cuba's medical internationalism, increased Cuba's profile on the world stage. Following the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991, Castro led Cuba through the economic downturn of the \"Special Period\", embracing environmentalist and anti-globalization ideas. In the 2000s, Castro forged alliances in the Latin American \"pink tide\" \u2013 namely with Hugo Ch\u00e1vez's Venezuela \u2013 and signed Cuba up to the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas. In 2006, Castro transferred his responsibilities to Vice President Ra\u00fal Castro, who was elected to the presidency by the National Assembly in 2008.\nThe longest-serving non-royal head of state in the 20th and 21st centuries, Castro polarized opinion throughout the world. His supporters view him as a champion of socialism and anti-imperialism whose revolutionary regime advanced economic and social justice while securing Cuba's independence from US hegemony. Critics view him as a tyrannical dictator whose administration oversaw human-rights abuses, the exodus of a large number of Cubans, and the impoverishment of the country's economy. Castro was decorated with various international awards and significantly influenced different individuals and groups across the world.", "Q945083": "Brent Muscat (born April 23, 1967) is an American musician best known as the lead guitarist of glam metal band Faster Pussycat.", "Q57203": "Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck (20 March 1870 \u2013 9 March 1964), also called the Lion of Africa (German: L\u00f6we von Afrika), was a general in the German Army and the commander of its forces in the German East Africa campaign. For four years, with a force of about 14,000 (3,000 Germans and 11,000 Africans), he held in check a much larger force of 300,000 British, Indian, Belgian, and Portuguese troops.\nEssentially undefeated in the field, Lettow-Vorbeck was the only German commander to successfully invade imperial British soil during the First World War. His exploits in the campaign have been described by Edwin Palmer Hoyt as \"the greatest single guerrilla operation in history, and the most successful.\" \nLettow-Vorbeck's military success against the Allies came at a high cost to local civilians. \n\n", "Q279816": "Dawn Olivieri (born February 8, 1981) is an American actress perhaps best known for her turn as Lydia in Heroes and Monica Talbot in House of Lies.", "Q188857": "Nicolas Boileau-Despr\u00e9aux (French: [nik\u0254l\u0251 bwalo dep\u0281eo]; 1 November 1636 \u2013 13 March 1711), often known simply as Boileau (UK: , US: ), was a French poet and critic. He did much to reform the prevailing form of French poetry, in the same way that Blaise Pascal did to reform the prose. He was greatly influenced by Horace.", "Q3306300": "Mercedes Erra is a French business woman who was born 23 September 1954 in Sabadell.\nShe is the Executive President of Havas Worldwide (formerly Euro RSCG Worldwide), Co-Founder of BETC, and Managing Director of Havas.Mercedes Erra is an expert and specialist in branding and communication building. She is famous for working on different subjects and inspiring new ways of communication for brands such as health for Danone, young for Evian, or the vision of Air France. Her \"Roller Babies\" campaign for Evian (played to the song Rapper's Delight) made the Guinness Book of Records for being viewed over 75 million times. The agency she co-founded, BETC Euro RSCG, has, in 15 years, become the first French agency and the second most creative in the world (Gunn Report January 2011). Mercedes considers herself a feminist. \n\n", "Q78586": "Leo Slezak (German pronunciation: [\u02ccle\u02d0o \u02c8sl\u025bzak]; 18 August 1873 \u2013 1 June 1946) was a world-famous Moravian tenor. He was associated in particular with Austrian opera as well as the title role in Verdi's Otello. He is the father of actors Walter Slezak and Margarete Slezak and grandfather of the actress Erika Slezak.", "Q315072": "Louis \u00c9mile Cl\u00e9ment Georges Bernanos (French: [\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 b\u025b\u0281nan\u0254s]; 20 February 1888 \u2013 5 July 1948) was a French author, and a soldier in World War I. A Roman Catholic with monarchist leanings, he was critical of elitist thought and was opposed to what he identified as defeatism. He believed this had led to France's defeat and eventual occupation by Germany in 1940 during World War II. Most of his novels have been translated into English and frequently published in both Great Britain and the United States.", "Q1873734": "Lucky Peterson (born Judge Kenneth Peterson; December 13, 1964 in Buffalo, New York) is an American musician who plays contemporary blues, fusing soul, R&B, gospel and rock and roll. He plays guitar and keyboards. Music journalist Tony Russell, in his book The Blues - From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray has said, \"he may be the only blues musician to have had national television exposure in short pants.\"", "Q211566": "Christopher Paul Colfer (born May 27, 1990) is an American actor, singer, and author. He gained international recognition for his portrayal of Kurt Hummel on the television musical Glee (2009\u201315). Colfer's portrayal of Kurt received critical praise for which he has been the recipient of several awards, including Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries or Television Film at the 2011 Golden Globe Awards, and three consecutive People's Choice Awards for Favorite Comedic TV Actor in 2013, 2014 and 2015. In April 2011, Colfer was named one of the Time 100, Time's list of the 100 most influential people.\nColfer wrote, starred in, produced, and novelized his first film, Struck by Lightning, which debuted at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival. He is also a New York Times number-one bestselling author of The Land of Stories: The Wishing Spell, the first novel in his middle-grade reader series. As of September 2019, he has published fifteen books.", "Q68795": "Malwida von Meysenbug (28 October 1816 \u2014 23 April 1903) was a German writer, her work including Memories of an Idealist, the first volume of which she published anonymously in 1869. As well, she was a friend of Friedrich Nietzsche and Richard Wagner, and met the French writer Romain Rolland in Rome in 1890.\nVon Meysenbug was born at Kassel, Hesse. Her father Carl Rivalier descended from a family of French Huguenots, and received the title of Baron of Meysenbug from William I of Hesse-Kassel. The ninth of ten children, she broke with her family because of her political convictions. Two of her brothers made brilliant careers, one as a minister of state in Austria, and the other as Minister of the Karlsruhe. Von Meysenbug, however, refused to appeal to her family and lived first by joining a free community in Hamburg, and then by immigrating in 1852 to England where she lived by teaching and translating works. There, she met the republicans Ledru-Rollin, Louis Blanc, and Gottfried Kinkel, all political refugees; the young Carl Schurz also became acquainted with her there.\nIn 1862 von Meysenbug went to Italy with Olga Herzen, the daughter of Alexander Herzen, known as the \"father of Russian socialism\" (and whose daughters she taught) and resided there. Olga Herzen married Gabriel Monod in 1873 and established herself in France, but Malwida's poor health obstructed her from joining her.\nVon Meysenbug introduced Nietzsche to several of his friends, including Helene von Druskowitz. She invited Paul R\u00e9e and Nietzsche to Sorrento, a town which overlooks the bay of Naples, in the autumn of 1876. There, R\u00e9e wrote The Origins of Moral Sensations, and Nietzsche began Human, All Too Human.In 1890, the late nineteenth century English novelist George Gissing wrote in his diary that he was 're-reading Memoiren einer Idealisten'. \nIn 1901 von Meysenbug was the first woman ever to be nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature after having been nominated by the French historian Gabriel Monod.Malwida von Meysenbug died in Rome in 1903 and is buried in the Protestant Cemetery in the city.", "Q197977": "Demir G\u00f6kg\u00f6l (15 July 1937 \u2013 22 March 2012) was a Turkish-German actor.\nHe was born in Istanbul in 1937. He emigrated to Germany in 1968. He died in Hamburg in 2012; he had been in therapy for throat cancer for several years.", "Q3761": "Accra (;Akuapem & Asante Twi: Nkran) is the capital of Ghana covering an area of 225.67 km2 (87.13 sq mi) with an estimated urban population of 2.27 million as of 2012. It is organized into 12 local government districts \u2013 11 municipal districts and the Accra Metropolitan District, which is the only district within the capital to be granted city status. \"Accra\" usually refers to the Accra Metropolitan Area, which serves as the capital of Ghana, while the district which is within the jurisdiction of the Accra Metropolitan Assembly is distinguished from the rest of the capital as the \"City of Accra\". In common usage, however, the terms \"Accra\" and \"City of Accra\" are used interchangeably.\nThe intersection of the Lafa stream and Mallam junction serves as the western border of Accra, the Great Hall of the University of Ghana forms Accra's northern border, while the Nautical College forms the eastern border. The Gulf of Guinea forms the southern border.\nFormed from the merger of distinct settlements around British Fort James, Dutch Fort Cr\u00eavecoeur (Ussher Fort), and Danish Fort Christiansborg as Jamestown, Usshertown, and Christiansborg respectively, Accra served as the capital of the British Gold Coast between 1877 and 1957 and has since transitioned into a modern metropolis. The capital's architecture reflects this history, ranging from 19th-century colonial architecture to modern skyscrapers and apartment blocks.Accra is the Greater Accra Region's economic and administrative hub, and serves as the anchor of the larger Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), which is inhabited by about 4 million people, making it the thirteenth-largest metropolitan area in Africa. Strategic initiatives, such as transportation, are coordinated between the local government authorities, while the Accra Metropolitan Assembly, based in West Ridge, is responsible for the administration of the 60 km2 (23 sq mi) City of Accra only.Accra is the most densely populated city in Ghana. The central business district of Accra contains the city's main banks and department stores, as well as an area known as the Ministries, where Ghana's government administration is concentrated. Economic activities in Accra include the financial and commercial sectors, fishing and the manufacture of processed food, lumber, plywood, textiles, clothing and chemicals. Tourism is becoming a thriving source of business for those in arts and crafts, historical sites and local travel and tour agents. The Oxford Street in the district of Osu has grown to become the hub of business and night life in Accra.In 2010, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network think tank designated Accra as a Gamma level world city, indicating a growing level of international influence and connectedness.", "Q17141": "Harvey Bernard Milk (May 22, 1930 \u2013 November 27, 1978) was an American politician and the first openly gay elected official in the history of California, where he was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. Although he was the most pro-LGBT politician in the United States at the time, politics and activism were not his early interests; he was neither open about his sexuality nor civically active until he was 40, after his experiences in the counterculture movement of the 1960s.\nIn 1972, Milk moved from New York City to the Castro District of San Francisco amid a migration of gay and bisexual men. He took advantage of the growing political and economic power of the neighborhood to promote his interests and unsuccessfully ran three times for political office. Milk's theatrical campaigns earned him increasing popularity, and in 1977 he won a seat as a city supervisor. His election was made possible by a key component of a shift in San Francisco politics.\nMilk served almost eleven months in office, during which he sponsored a bill banning discrimination in public accommodations, housing, and employment on the basis of sexual orientation. The Supervisors passed the bill by a vote of 11-1 and was signed into law by Mayor Moscone. On November 27, 1978, Milk and Mayor George Moscone were assassinated by Dan White, who was another city supervisor. White had recently resigned to pursue a private business enterprise, but that endeavor eventually failed and he sought to get his old job back. White was sentenced to seven years in prison for manslaughter, which was later reduced to five years. He was released in 1983 and committed suicide by carbon monoxide inhalation two years later.\nDespite his short career in politics, Milk became an icon in San Francisco and a martyr in the gay community. In 2002, Milk was called \"the most famous and most significantly open LGBT official ever elected in the United States\". Anne Kronenberg, his final campaign manager, wrote of him: \"What set Harvey apart from you or me was that he was a visionary. He imagined a righteous world inside his head and then he set about to create it for real, for all of us.\" Milk was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009.", "Q51114": "John Ford (February 1, 1894 \u2013 August 31, 1973) was an American film director. He is renowned both for Westerns such as Stagecoach (1939), The Searchers (1956), and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962), as well as adaptations of classic 20th-century American novels such as The Grapes of Wrath (1940). His four Academy Awards for Best Director (in 1935, 1940, 1941, and 1952) remain a record. One of the films for which he won the award, How Green Was My Valley, also won Best Picture.\nIn a career of more than 50 years, Ford directed more than 140 films (although most of his silent films are now lost) and he is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers of his generation. Ford's work was held in high regard by his colleagues, with Orson Welles and Ingmar Bergman among those who named him one of the greatest directors of all time.\nFord made frequent use of location shooting and long shots, in which his characters were framed against a vast, harsh, and rugged natural terrain.", "Q85423": "Joseph Edmund J\u00f6rg (23 December 1819, Immenstadt, Bavaria \u2013 18 November 1901, Landshut) was a Catholic historian and politician. The son of a subaltern, he first studied theology, then philology and history at Munich. He was a pupil of Johann D\u00f6llinger, and was for years his collaborator in his Geschichte der Reformation. In 1852 he was engaged in the Bavarian Record Office, and undertook in the same year the editorship of the Historisch-politische Bl\u00e4tter I which he retained (from 1857 with Franz Binder) till a short time before his death. For decades his \"Zeitl\u00e4ufte\", which appeared in this periodical, attracted great attention.\nOn account of his opposition to the Government, he was transferred to Neuburg an der Donau, but was elected in 1863 a substitute member of the Bavarian Lower House, to which he belonged till 1881. He was promoted in 1866 to the position of district archivist in Landshut; from 1868 to 1869 he was a member of the German Zollparlament, and from 1874 to 1879 a member of the German Reichstag. His first work, Deutschland in der Revolutionsperiode, 1522-26 (1851), was a history of the German Peasants' War. The later books, Geschichte des Protestantismus in seiner neuesten Entwickelung (1858) and Die Rene Aera in Preussen (1860), are a collection of separate essays published in the paper Historisch-politische Bl\u00e4tter. He was interested in the development of socialism, and as early as 1867 his Geschichte der sozialpolitischen Parteien in Deutschland appeared, having originated in his \"Aphorisms\" on the socialist movement, published in the Historisch-politische Bl\u00e4tter. J\u00f6rg was a conservative, a convinced Bavarian monarchist and a determined opponent of the Bavarian Liberal Party and of the subordination of Bavaria to Prussia. The Bavarian \"Volkspartei\" (People's Party) grew with his cooperation in a few years from a modest group to a majority in the House (1869).\nUnder King Maximilian II of Bavaria, Jorg was violently opposed to the ministry of von der Pfordten, as he was also to the alliance made with Prussia (22 August) due to the war of 1866. His address to the House in January, 1870, occasioned the resignation of Prince Hohenlohe with a part of his cabinet. But henceforth events took their course uninfluenced by J\u00f6rg. At the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, he advocated the armed neutrality of Bavaria, but was deserted in the House by a number of his party; he was thus unable to prevent his country's participation in the war and the entrance of Bavaria by the Treaty of Versailles, into the new state of Germany. However, he afterwards loyally accepted the new order of things. In the Reichstag his proposal to call a meeting of the committee for foreign affairs under the presidency of Bavaria gave rise to a violent conflict with Bismarck on 4 December 1874. His attack on the Lutz ministry in 1875 failed because of the opposition of the Crown. He left the Reichstag in 1879, and two years later the Bavarian House, thereby ending his public life.\nThe last twenty years of his life were passed in Trausnitz Castle near Landshut (whence he was known as the \"Hermit of Trausnitz\"), and the remainder of his days were devoted to his journalistic work amid his duties in the district archives of Landshut, and to writing his Memoirs.", "Q2864718": "art press is a monthly international review of contemporary art. Its first issue was for December 1972\u2013January 1973. The original branding, which has hardly changed since, was by Roger Tallon. Articles are in French and English.", "Q3421296": "Raynor Scheine (born Raynor Johnston; January 19, 1942) is an American actor who has appeared in films for three decades dating back to 1979, including My Cousin Vinny and Fried Green Tomatoes. His name is a play on the phrase \"rain or shine\". Raised in Emporia, VA, he received a degree at Virginia Commonwealth University.", "Q103864": "Klaus Heinrich (born September 23, 1927) is a German philosopher of religion. In 2002, he was awarded the Sigmund Freud Prize by the Deutsche Akademie f\u00fcr Sprache und Dichtung.\nAt the Freie Universit\u00e4t in Berlin, founded in 1948, a chair in \"the study of religion on the basis of the philosophy of religion\" was created for Heinrich. Michael Stausberg, historian of the study of religion, says this of him:\n\u201cHeinrich became famous in Berlin and beyond for his skills as an orator\u2014being a speaker rather than a writer, many of his publications are reconstructed on the basis of recordings and notes of his students\u2014, his teaching style, his immense learning and his political commitment to the ideals of a \u2018free\u2019 university. His work, which adopts key-elements from Tillich (\u2018origins\u2019) and Freud (\u2018repression\u2019), moves in the borderland between Greek mythology (Oedipus!) and philosophy. Many of his texts provide a philosophical-psychoanalytical exegesis of myths that takes visual culture (modern arts, the Renaissance) as its point of departure. Heinrich's dense style, often difficult to follow for the non-initiates, won him the prestigious Sigmund Freud-Award for Scientific Prose in 2002. Heinrich's approach to the study of religion is too unique and personal to be copied by others, but he had many students who were fascinated by his charisma.\u201dSee also Irion, U. \u201cReligiosit\u00e4t ohne Religion. Rudolf Otto, Rudolf Bultmann, Klaus Heinrich, Mircea Eliade.\u201d In Kemper, P., ed. Macht des Mythos\u2014Ohnmacht der Vernunft? Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch, 1989. 289\u2013309. (Heinrich is discussed on 298\u2013302.)", "Q285475": "Eufonius is a Japanese progressive pop rock music group which debuted on October 11, 2003 with the release of their first album Eufonius which was also an independent release. The band has produced songs for various anime and video games, such as Kashimashi: Girl Meets Girl, Himawari!, Noein, True Tears, Yosuga no Sora, Kokoro Connect, Shinkyoku S\u014dkai Polyphonica and visual novels like Key's Clannad and Favorite's Irotoridori no Sekai. The band is composed of two primary members, Riya\u2014who provided vocals and the majority of the lyrics\u2014and Hajime Kikuchi\u2014who plays the keyboard and handles composition, arrangement, and sometimes the lyrics. The third member is Masashi \u014ckubo, who is a supporting member of the group.They have released 17 studio albums as of June 2016, and have provided their talents in compilation albums and original soundtracks as well. Eufonius has hosted an Internet radio show called Frequency-e since May 2005 with broadcasts being released in irregular intervals; as of December 2011, there have been 12 broadcasts. On September 8, 2012, it was announced that Hajime Kikuichi would leave the band \"for now\", after making some degrading comments at singer Halko Momoi. Kikuchi returned in 2013 with the composition of the song \"Lovely Smile\", used as a theme song of Hooksoft's visual novel Lovely Quest: Unlimited.", "Q516720": "Fran\u00e7oise Bettencourt Meyers (French pronunciation: \u200b[f\u0281\u0251\u0303swaz b\u025bt\u0251\u0303ku\u0281 m\u025bj\u025b\u0281]) is a French billionaire heiress and an author of Bible commentaries and works on Jewish-Christian relations. She is the only daughter and heiress of Liliane Bettencourt, and her family owns the company L'Or\u00e9al. She married Jean-Pierre Meyers, the grandson of a rabbi murdered at Auschwitz, and they decided to raise their children Jean-Victor (* 1986) and Nicolas (* 1988) as Jewish. Her marriage caused controversy because of her grandfather Eug\u00e8ne Schueller's trial for collaboration with the Nazi government; he was L'Oreal's founder.In 2008, she sued Fran\u00e7ois-Marie Banier for taking money from her mother, and she started proceedings to have her mother declared mentally incompetent. The revelations in the secret recordings that she used in evidence led to the Woerth-Bettencourt scandal. In December 2010, Bettencourt Meyers announced that she had settled out of court with both her mother and Banier. Her mother died in September 2017 when her net worth was about $39.5 billion, which makes Bettencourt Meyers among the top 20 richest people in the world. As of October 2019, she is the richest woman in the world, with an estimated fortune of $59.3 billion, according to Bloomberg .", "Q131168": "The tuba (; Italian: [\u02c8tu\u02d0ba]) (bass) is the lowest-pitched musical instrument in the brass family. As with all brass instruments, the sound is produced by lip vibration into a large mouthpiece. It first appeared in the mid-19th century, making it one of the newer instruments in the modern orchestra and concert band. The tuba largely replaced the ophicleide. Tuba is Latin for \"trumpet\".In America, a person who plays the tuba is known as a tubaist or tubist. In the United Kingdom, a person who plays the tuba in an orchestra is known simply as a tuba player; in a brass band or military band, they are known as bass players.", "Q117811": "Jeanne de Vietinghoff (31 December 1875 \u2013 15 June 1926) was a Belgian writer who published several books on ethical, mystical and religious topics.\nShe was the mother of the painter and philosopher Egon von Vietinghoff.\n\n", "Q494723": "Fullerton () is a city located in northern Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 135,161.Fullerton was founded in 1887. It secured the land on behalf of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Historically it was a center of agriculture, notably groves of Valencia oranges and other citrus crops; petroleum extraction; transportation; and manufacturing. It is home to numerous higher educational institutions, particularly California State University, Fullerton and Fullerton College. From the mid-1940s through the late 1990s, Fullerton was home to a large industrial base made up of aerospace contractors, canneries, paper products manufacturers, and is considered to be the birthplace of the electric guitar, due in a large part to Leo Fender. The headquarters of Vons, which is owned by Albertsons, is located in Fullerton near the Fullerton-Anaheim line.", "Q7437103": "Dr. Scott B. Ransom is a Partner in the Health Industries Advisory at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) | Strategy&. He serves as a consultant to hospitals, health systems, academic medical centers, physician groups, insurance companies, private equity firms, and universities on issues related to strategy-enabled transformation, leading physician and faculty engagement, organizational redesign, restructuring and turnaround management, medical education, physician and faculty integration and engagement, clinical and research operations, mergers and acquisitions, capability building, and performance improvement.\nHe has served over 150 healthcare organizations, including: 7 of the top 10 academic medical centers and medical schools as ranked by US News, 6 of the largest 10 health systems as measured by revenues, 5 of the 10 top ranked children's hospitals as ranked by US News, 3 of the largest 5 insurance companies by revenues, and several pharmaceutical and life sciences companies. \nDr. Ransom has served as a consultant to healthcare organizations and governmental entities on six continents including most major US markets, Canada, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Qatar, Tanzania, Rwanda, Germany, United Kingdom, Chile, China, Australia, and others.", "Q160441": "Rabanus Maurus Magnentius (c. 780 \u2013 4 February 856), also known as Hrabanus or Rhabanus, was a Frankish Benedictine monk, theologian, poet, encyclopedist and military writer who became archbishop of Mainz in East Francia. He was the author of the encyclopaedia De rerum naturis (\"On the Natures of Things\"). He also wrote treatises on education and grammar and commentaries on the Bible. He was one of the most prominent teachers and writers of the Carolingian age, and was called \"Praeceptor Germaniae,\" or \"the teacher of Germany.\" In the most recent edition of the Roman Martyrology (Martyrologium Romanum, 2004, pp. 133), his feast is given as 4 February and he is qualified as a Saint ('sanctus').", "Q1152184": "In the First Folio, the plays of William Shakespeare were grouped into three categories: comedies, histories, and tragedies; and modern scholars recognize a fourth category, romance, to describe the specific types of comedy that appear in Shakespeare's later works.", "Q89219": "Nathaniel Meyer von Rothschild (26 October 1836 \u2013 16 June 1905) was a member of the Rothschild banking family of Austria, known as art collector and patron.\n\n", "Q3952829": "Scott Coffey (born Thomas Scott Coffey; May 1, 1964) is an American actor, director, producer and screenwriter. His film credits include Shag, Some Kind of Wonderful, Dream Lover, and Mulholland Drive. He directed Ellie Parker in 2005.", "Q319648": "Raymond Albert Kroc (October 5, 1902 \u2013 January 14, 1984) was an American fast-food tycoon. He joined the California company McDonald's in 1954, after the McDonald brothers had franchised 6 locations out from their original 1940 operation in San Bernardino. This set the stage for national expansion with the help of Kroc, eventually leading to a global franchise, making it the most successful fast food corporation in the world. Kroc was included in Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century, and amassed a multi-million dollar fortune during his lifetime. He owned the San Diego Padres baseball team from 1974 until his death in 1984.", "Q88107": "Olga Desmond (born Olga Sellin 2 November 1890 in Allenstein in East Prussia (now Olsztyn, Poland); died 2 August 1964 in Berlin) was a German dancer, actress, art model and living statue.", "Q297071": "Andrew James Matfin Bell (born 14 March 1986) is an English actor and dancer. He rose to prominence for his debut role in Billy Elliot (2000), for which he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role. He is also known for his roles in the films King Kong (2005), Jumper (2008), The Adventures of Tintin (2011), Snowpiercer (2013), Fantastic Four (2015) and Rocketman (2019), as well as starring as Abraham Woodhull in the television series Turn: Washington's Spies (2014).", "Q263696": "Mary Frances \"Debbie\" Reynolds (April 1, 1932 \u2013 December 28, 2016) was an American actress, singer and businesswoman. Her career spanned almost 70 years. She was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer for her portrayal of Helen Kane in the 1950 film Three Little Words, and her breakout role was her first leading role, as Kathy Selden in Singin' in the Rain (1952). Other successes include The Affairs of Dobie Gillis (1953), Susan Slept Here (1954), Bundle of Joy (1956 Golden Globe nomination), The Catered Affair (1956 National Board of Review Best Supporting Actress Winner), and Tammy and the Bachelor (1957), in which her performance of the song \"Tammy\" reached number one on the Billboard music charts. In 1959, she released her first pop music album, titled Debbie.She starred in Singin' in the Rain (1952), How the West Was Won (1962), and The Unsinkable Molly Brown (1964), a biographical film about the famously boisterous Molly Brown. Her performance as Brown earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Her other films include The Singing Nun (1966), Divorce American Style (1967), What's the Matter with Helen? (1971), Charlotte's Web (1973), Mother (1996) (Golden Globe nomination), and In & Out (1997). Reynolds was also a cabaret performer. In 1979, she founded the Debbie Reynolds Dance Studio in North Hollywood, which still operates today.In 1969, she starred on television in The Debbie Reynolds Show, for which she received a Golden Globe nomination. In 1973, Reynolds starred in a Broadway revival of the musical Irene and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Musical. She was also nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for her performance in A Gift of Love (1999) and an Emmy Award for playing Grace's mother Bobbi on Will & Grace. At the turn of the millennium, Reynolds reached a new younger generation with her role as Aggie Cromwell in Disney's Halloweentown series. In 1988, she released her autobiography, titled Debbie: My Life. In 2013, she released a second autobiography, Unsinkable: A Memoir.Reynolds also had several business ventures, including ownership of a dance studio and a Las Vegas hotel and casino, and she was an avid collector of film memorabilia, beginning with items purchased at the landmark 1970 MGM auction. She served as president of The Thalians, an organization dedicated to mental health causes. Reynolds continued to perform successfully on stage, television, and film into her eighties. In January 2015, Reynolds received the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award. In 2016, she received the Academy Awards Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award. In the same year, a documentary about her life was released titled Bright Lights: Starring Carrie Fisher and Debbie Reynolds, which turned out to be her final film appearance; the film premiered on HBO on January 7, 2017.Reynolds died following a stroke on December 28, 2016, one day after the death of her daughter, Carrie Fisher.", "Q272943": "Joseph \"Joe\" Ira Dassin (French: [das\u025b\u0303]; 5 November 1938 \u2013 20 August 1980) was an American-born French singer-songwriter.", "Q169303": "Robert Bruce Ford (May 28, 1969 \u2013 March 22, 2016) was a Canadian politician and businessman who served as the 64th Mayor of Toronto from 2010 to 2014. Before and after his term as mayor, Ford was a city councillor representing Ward 2 of Etobicoke North. He was first elected to Toronto City Council in the 2000 Toronto municipal election, and was re-elected to his council seat twice.\nHis political career, particularly his mayoralty, saw a number of personal and work-related controversies and legal proceedings. In 2013, he became embroiled in a substance abuse scandal, which was widely reported in national and foreign media. Following his admission, Ford refused to resign, but City Council handed over certain mayoral powers and office staff to Deputy Mayor Norm Kelly for the remainder of Ford's term. Ford took a sabbatical and received treatment for his alcohol and drug addiction. Despite the scandal, Ford initially contested the next mayoral election, scheduled for October 2014, but after being hospitalized and diagnosed with an abdominal tumour in September 2014, Ford withdrew from the mayoral race and registered instead to run for his old city council seat. John Tory succeeded him as mayor on December 1, 2014, while Ford regained his former seat. Ford received treatment for the cancer, and was able to return briefly to City Hall, but died in March 2016 after chemotherapy was ineffective.", "Q53703": "Drop Dead Fred is a 1991 British-American black comedy fantasy film directed by Ate de Jong, produced by PolyGram Filmed Entertainment and Working Title Films and released and distributed by New Line Cinema. \nRik Mayall starred as the title character: a happy, anarchic, and mischievous imaginary friend of a young girl named Elizabeth (Phoebe Cates) and nemesis of her overbearing mother, Polly (Marsha Mason). He causes chaos around the home and neighborhood, but nobody can see him except her. When she grows up and has an emotional crisis, he returns to \"cheer her up\" in his own unique way, causing more chaos than ever before. The supporting cast included Carrie Fisher, Ron Eldard, Tim Matheson, and Bridget Fonda.\n\n", "Q98314": "John Frederik Jungclaussen (born 4 June 1970) is a German journalist and historian working in the UK.\nJungclaussen writes and speaks about European history since the Enlightenment, Anglo-German relations, and European current affairs. While he remains unconvinced about the benefits of Brexit to the UK economy he is equally sceptical about the long-term future of the post-war European project. \"As long as the fundamental structural asymmetry of a monetary union without a fiscal union is ignored, the Europe of Robert Schumann and Jean Monnet is doomed.\"", "Q130276": "Kirghizia, officially the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (Kirghiz SSR; Kyrgyz: \u041a\u044b\u0440\u0433\u044b\u0437 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0441\u044b Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z Sovettik Sotsialisttik Respublikas\u0131; Russian: \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 Kirgizskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika) and the Republic of Kirghizia, also referred to as Soviet Kirghizia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1936 to 1991.\nLandlocked and mountainous, it bordered Tajikistan and China to the south, Uzbekistan to the west and Kazakhstan to the north. The Kirghiz branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union governed the republic from 1936 until 1990.\nOn 15 December 1990, the Kirghiz SSR was renamed to Socialist Republic of Kirghizia after declaring its state sovereignty. On 31 August 1991, it transformed into independent Kyrgyzstan.", "Q97027": "Ewald Banse (born 23 May 1883 in Braunschweig \u2013 died 31 October 1953 in Braunschweig) was a German geographer.\nBanse was a professor at the technical college in his native city. Allied propaganda cited Banse's main work, Raum und Volk im Weltkriege (\"Space and People in the World War\") (1925), as proof of Germany's war lust. Banse advocated the union of all areas settled by Germans in a Great German Reich extending far beyond the 1914 frontiers. To achieve this he expressly demanded military action. The warrior was to be the carrier of the coming rule of \"Nordic nobility\".", "Q660168": "Trans is a village in the municipality of Tomils in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. In 2009 Trans merged with Feldis/Veulden, Scheid and Tumegl/Tomils to form the municipality of Tomils.\n\n", "Q43510": "Nightwish is a symphonic metal band from Kitee, Finland. The band was formed in 1996 by lead songwriter and keyboardist Tuomas Holopainen, guitarist Emppu Vuorinen, and former lead singer Tarja Turunen. The band soon picked up drummer Jukka Nevalainen, and then bassist Sami V\u00e4nsk\u00e4 after the release of their debut album, Angels Fall First (1997). In 2001, V\u00e4nsk\u00e4 was replaced by Marco Hietala, who also took over the male vocalist role previously filled by Holopainen or guest singers.Although Nightwish have been prominent in their home country since Angels Fall First, they did not achieve wider success until the release of the albums Oceanborn (1998), Wishmaster (2000) and Century Child (2002). Their 2004 album, Once, has sold more than one million copies and was the band's breakthrough in the United States. Their biggest US hit single, \"Wish I Had an Angel\" (2004), received MTV airplay and was included on three US film soundtracks to promote their North American tour. The band produced three more singles and two music videos for Once, as well as a re-recording of \"Sleeping Sun\" for the compilation album, Highest Hopes: The Best of Nightwish (2005), before Turunen's dismissal in October 2005. Her last performance with Nightwish was during a concert recorded for the live album/DVD End of an Era. After the concert, the other members informed Turunen with an open letter that she was no longer a member of Nightwish.\nIn May 2007, Nightwish announced Anette Olzon as Turunen's replacement. That September, the band released their sixth album, Dark Passion Play, which has sold almost 2 million copies. The album's lead single, \"Amaranth\", became one of Nightwish's most successful in Europe. The supporting tour, one of the band's largest, started on October 6, 2007 and ended on September 19, 2009. The band released an EP/live album, Made in Hong Kong (And in Various Other Places), in March 2009 as a CD/DVD, and their seventh studio album, Imaginaerum, was released globally on various days in late 2011/early 2012.On October 1, 2012, Nightwish announced that they had parted ways with Olzon and would be finishing the tour with at that time ReVamp vocalist (ex-After Forever) Floor Jansen. In October 2013, Nightwish made Jansen and longtime session uilleann pipes player Troy Donockley permanent members of the band, and they were featured in the acclaimed album Endless Forms Most Beautiful, released on March 27, 2015. From 2014 to 2019, Nevalainen, while still a member of the band, was inactive due to severe insomnia issues; in July 2019, he announced that he would not be returning to the band, with Kai Hahto, who had acted as his replacement since 2014 (including by performing all drums on Endless Forms Most Beautiful), being promoted as the official drummer, and is featured as such at the ninth album, Human. :II: Nature., which was released internationally on April 10, 2020.\nNightwish is the third-best-selling band and musical entity in Finland with certified sales of nearly 900,000 certified copies. The group is also the most successful Finnish band worldwide, selling more than 9 million records and receiving more than 60 gold and platinum awards, having released five Number 1 albums and thirteen Number 1 singles. On October 26, 2018, Nightwish was inducted into the Finnish Music Hall of Fame, becoming the honorary gallery's 11th member.", "Q216221": "Steven John \"Steve\" Carell (; born August 16, 1962) is an American actor, comedian, producer, writer and director. He is best known for his portrayal of boss Michael Scott on the NBC sitcom The Office (2005\u20132013), on which he also worked as an occasional producer, writer and director.\nCarell was a correspondent on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart from 1999 to 2005. He has starred in Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004) (and its 2013 sequel Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues), The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Evan Almighty (2007), Get Smart (2008), Crazy, Stupid, Love (2011), The Incredible Burt Wonderstone and The Way, Way Back (both 2013). He has also voice acted in Over the Hedge (2006), Horton Hears a Who! (2008) and the Despicable Me franchise (2010\u2013present). In 2016, Carell co-created the TBS comedy series Angie Tribeca with his wife, Nancy Carell.\nCarell was nominated as \"America's funniest man\" by Life magazine and received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy for his work on the first season of The Office. In the 2010s, Carell received attention for more dramatic roles. His role as wrestling coach and convicted murderer John Eleuth\u00e8re du Pont in the drama film Foxcatcher (2014) earned him, among various honors, nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Drama and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. He also received acclaim for his roles in Little Miss Sunshine (2006), The Big Short (2015), and Battle of the Sexes (2017), the latter two earning him his eighth and ninth Golden Globe Award nominations, respectively. In 2018, he re-teamed with Anchorman and The Big Short director Adam McKay for the Dick Cheney biographical film Vice, in which he portrayed Donald Rumsfeld, and played journalist David Sheff in the drama Beautiful Boy.", "Q219112": "The Zomba Group of Companies (sometimes referred to as Zomba Music Group or just Zomba Group) was a music group and division owned by and operated under Sony Music Entertainment. The division was renamed to Jive Label Group in 2009 and was placed under the RCA/Jive Label Group umbrella. In 2011, the RCA/Jive Label Group was split in half. Multiple Jive Label Group artists were moved to Epic Records while others stayed with Jive as it moved under the RCA Music Group. In October 2011 Jive Records was shut down and their artists were moved to RCA Records.Founded independently in the mid-seventies by Clive Calder and Ralph Simon, the group has had interests in music release, distribution, production, publishing, equipment rental, recording studios, and artist management. Though the financial structure and annual revenue of Zomba during the company's independent period was only known to CEO Clive Calder (the company was registered privately offshore in the Dutch Antilles), Zomba was widely regarded as the most successful of the independent music companies.\nThe group is perhaps best known for its role in developing some of the most popular forms of music, such as hip-hop in the 1980s, and the teen pop/boy band phenomenon in the late 1990s through their first record label Jive, though they have also had substantial activities in both the Christian and gospel music field. Calder and Simon both served as CEOs until 1990 when Calder bought out Simon's share and ran the company himself until 2002. In 2002, BMG purchased the company and subsequently restructured the labels under the umbrella company Zomba Label Group, which was the most public face of the company. The label group served as a parent for many different labels including Jive, Silvertone, Volcano and LaFace.\nToday, the only Zomba labels that still in operation are So So Def Recordings, Music for Nations, Silvertone and Christian focused music labels. Big part of the Zomba labels were absorbed into RCA Records and Epic Records, as well Legacy Recordings, Sony's division for catalogue reissues.\nThe company still own the \"Zomba\" and \"Jive\" trademarks as of 2018 through a Swiss company called Zomba Corporation.", "Q66948": "Walther Gustav Reinhardt (German pronunciation: [\u02c8valt\u0250 \u02c8\u0281a\u026anha\u0281t]; 24 March 1872 in Stuttgart \u2013 8 August 1930 in Berlin) was a German officer who served as the last Prussian Minister of War and the first head of the army command (Chef der Heeresleitung) within the newly created Ministry of the Reichswehr of the Weimar Republic. During the Kapp Putsch of 1920, Reinhardt remained loyal to the elected government and was one of the few senior officers of the Reichswehr willing to order troops to fire at the revolting units.", "Q258628": "Gian Paolo Dallara (born 16 November 1936) is an Italian businessman and motorsports engineer. He is the owner of Dallara Motorsports, a company that develops racing cars.", "Q206032": "Radric Delantic Davis (born February 12, 1980), known professionally as Gucci Mane, is an American rapper. He helped pioneer the hip hop subgenre of trap music alongside fellow Atlanta-based rappers T.I. and Young Jeezy, particularly in the 2000s and 2010s. In 2005, Gucci Mane debuted with Trap House, followed by his second and third albums, Hard to Kill and Trap-A-Thon in 2006. His fourth album, Back to the Trap House, was released in 2007.\nFollowing a string of critically and commercially successful mixtape releases in 2009, Gucci Mane released his sixth studio album, The State vs. Radric Davis, his first gold-certified album. Following time spent in prison between 2014 and 2016, he re-emerged with several new retail projects, including Everybody Looking (2016), which was released to critical praise. His 2016 collaboration with Rae Sremmurd, titled \"Black Beatles\", provided Gucci Mane with his first number-one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. He has since released numerous albums; his latest one, Woptober II, was released on October 18, 2019.Gucci Mane has released 13 studio albums and over 71 mixtapes throughout his career. In 2007, he founded his own label, 1017 Records. He has worked with artists such as Drake, Lil Wayne, Chris Brown, Selena Gomez, Mariah Carey and Marilyn Manson. His prolific mixtape releases and long-standing presence as a trap music innovator in the Atlanta music scene has established him as a major influence on younger Atlanta rappers like Young Thug, Migos, Rich Homie Quan, 21 Savage and Lil Yachty, and he has been called an \"avatar of East Atlanta,\" and \"the most influential underground rapper of the past decade\".", "Q3178896": "James Ross Meskimen (born September 10, 1959) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, voice actor, and impressionist. He is also known for his voice-over work in video games.\n\n", "Q387538": "Sarah Emily Ramos (born May 21, 1991) is an American actress who began her career as a child actress. She is known for her roles on the television series American Dreams (2002\u20132005) and Parenthood (2010\u20132015).", "Q895936": "Boyd Kenneth Packer (September 10, 1924 \u2013 July 3, 2015) was an American religious leader and former educator, who served as president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 2008 until his death. He also served as the quorum's acting president from 1994 to 2008, and was an apostle and member of the Quorum of the Twelve from 1970 until his death. He served as a general authority of the church from 1961 until his death.\n\n", "Q31810": "Paul Louis Adrien Henri Hymans (23 March 1865 \u2013 8 March 1941), was a Belgian politician associated with the Liberal Party. He was the second President of the League of Nations, and served again as its president in 1932\u201333.\nHymans was the son of Belgian writer and historian Louis Hymans. He became a lawyer and professor at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles. As a politician he became Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1918 to 1920 (and again from 1927 to 1935), minister of justice from 1926 to 1927, and member of the council of ministers from 1935 to 1936. In 1919, together with Charles de Broqueville and Emile Vandervelde he introduced universal suffrage for all men (one man, one vote) and compulsory education.\nAs foreign minister during the Great war, Hymans was successful in securing promises from the Allies that amounted to co-belligerency. Britain, France and Russia pledged in the Declaration of Sainte-Adresse in February 1916 that Belgium would be included in the peace negotiations, but its independence would be restored, and that it would receive a monetary compensation for Germany for the damage. When war began, Hymans also got major promises of relief support from the United States, with the approval of President Wilson. Relief was directed primarily by an American Herbert Hoover and involved several agencies: Commission for Relief in Belgium, American Relief Administration, and Comit\u00e9 National de Secours et d'Alimentation. At the Paris peace conference in 1919, Belgium officially ended its long time neutral status, and became first in line to receive reparations payments from Germany. However, Belgium received only a small bit of German territory, and was rejected in its demands for all of Luxembourg and part of the Netherlands. However, it was given colonial mandates over the German colonies of Rwanda and Burundi. Hymans was the leading spokesman for the small countries at Paris, and became president of the first assembly of the new league of Nations. He Hymans helped form the customs union of Belgium and Luxembourg (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) in 1921 and played a leading part in negotiating the Dawes Plan in 1924. In 1928, he signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact for Belgium.He was a Protestant and a freemason, and a member of the lodge Les Amis Philanthropes of the Grand Orient of Belgium in Brussels. Paul Hymans is interred in the Ixelles Cemetery in Brussels.", "Q870004": "The W\u00e4tterlatte is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located east of Reichenbach im Kandertal in the Bernese Oberland. It lies on the range west of the Schwalmere, that separates the Suldtal from the Kiental.", "Q77845": "Paul Rohrbach (29 June 1869 \u2013 19 July 1956) was a German writer, concerned with \"world politics.\" He was born at Irgen manor, Ra\u0146\u0137i parish, Skrunda Municipality, Courland, Latvia. Between 1887 and 1896 he attended the universities of Dorpat, Berlin, and Strasbourg.\nHe traveled extensively in Asia (especially China) and Africa, and in 1903-06 he was Settlement Commissioner to southwest Africa. His writings include many books on political conditions in the countries visited by him, with much attention to the effects of German colonization and interests. His Der deutsche Gedanke in der Welt was translated into English by Edmund von Mach as German World Policies (1915), and Der Krieg und die deutsche Politik (1914) appeared in an English translation by P. H. Phillipson as Germany's Isolation: An Exposition of the Economic Causes of the Great War (1915). Most of the latter book was written before the start of the First World War.\nRohrbach was an advocate of eradicating native Africans in order to make room for German colonists.", "Q135326": "Tom\u00e1s de Iriarte (or Yriarte) y Oropesa (Puerto de la Cruz, La Orotava, island of Tenerife, 18 September 1750 \u2014 Madrid, 17 September 1791), was a Spanish neoclassical poet.", "Q201985": "Ma\u00efwenn (sometimes credited as Ma\u00efwenn Besco or her birth name Ma\u00efwenn Le Besco, French: [majw\u025bn l\u0259 b\u025bsko]; born 17 April 1976) is a French actress, film director and screenwriter.\n\n", "Q66790": "Goldach is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q386626": "Pickering (2016 population 91,771) is a city located in Southern Ontario, Canada, immediately east of Toronto in Durham Region. It was occupied for centuries by the Iroquoian-speaking Huron (now known as the Wyandot).\nBeginning in the 1770s, the area was settled by primarily ethnic British colonists. An increase in population occurred after the American Revolutionary War, when the Crown resettled Loyalists and encouraged new immigration. Many of the smaller rural communities have been preserved and function as provincially significant historic sites and museums. The city also includes the development of Durham Live, a multi-billion dollar casino complex.", "Q68965": "Solothurn ( SOH-l\u0259-toorn, ZOH-, German: [\u02c8zo\u02d0lot\u028arn] (listen); French: Soleure [s\u0254l\u0153\u0281]; Italian: Soletta [so\u02c8let\u02d0a]; Romansh: Soloturn) is a town, a municipality, and the capital of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. It is located in the north-west of Switzerland on the banks of the Aare and on the foot of the Weissenstein Jura mountains.\nThe town is the only municipality of the district of the same name.\nThe town got its name from Salodurum, a Roman-era settlement. From 1530 to 1792 it was the seat of the French ambassador to Switzerland. The pedestrian-only old town was built between 1530 and 1792 and shows an impressive array of Baroque architecture, combining Italian Grandezza, French style, and Swiss ideas. The town has eighteen structures listed as heritage sites.\nAgriculture, once the dominant sector of employment, has become almost non-existent. Most people today are employed in manufacturing and education.\nThe official language of Solothurn is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q76583": "Eugen Karl D\u00fchring (12 January 1833, Berlin \u2013 21 September 1921, Nowawes in modern-day Potsdam-Babelsberg) was a German philosopher, positivist, economist, and socialist who was a strong critic of Marxism.", "Q720216": "Th\u00e9odore Duret (20 January 1838, Saintes \u2013 16 January 1927, Paris) was a French journalist, author and art critic. He was one of the first advocates of Courbet, Manet, and the Impressionists. One of his best known works is Critique d'Avant Garde (Paris, 1885) which was written in support of the Impressionist movement. He also served as collecting advisor and buying agent for American art collector Louisine Havemeyer.", "Q117839": "Matthias Zschokke (October 29, 1954 Bern, Switzerland) is a Swiss writer and filmmaker.\n\n", "Q214436": "August Ferdinand Anacker (17 October 1790 \u2013 21 August 1854) was a German composer.\nAnacker, the son of a poor shoemaker, was born in Freiberg, Saxony. He attended the Gymnasium in Freiberg before going to Leipzig in 1813 to study music with Johann Gottfried Schicht and Friedrich Schneider. In 1822, he became a cantor and conductor in his hometown, where he distinguished himself as a teacher and composer, establishing and managing a number of musical institutions in a career spanning several decades. He died in Freiberg.\nOf his many compositions for voice and instrumental accompaniment, the cantata Der Bergmannsgru\u00df enjoyed the greatest popularity. He also wrote a notable piece for 13 Russian horns.", "Q832237": "Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the natural environment by individuals, organizations and governments. Its objectives are to conserve natural resources and the existing natural environment and, where possible, to repair damage and reverse trends.Due to the pressures of overconsumption, population growth and technology, the biophysical environment is being degraded, sometimes permanently. This has been recognized, and governments have begun placing restraints on activities that cause environmental degradation. Since the 1960s, environmental movements have created more awareness of the multiple environmental problems. There is disagreement on the extent of the environmental impact of human activity, so protection measures are occasionally debated.\n\n", "Q430903": "Yuya Matsushita (\u677e\u4e0b \u512a\u4e5f, Matsushita Y\u016bya, born May 24, 1990) is a Japanese pop and R&B singer and actor under Japanese Dream Records. His debut single \"foolish foolish\" was released on November 26, 2008. He had his first breakthrough as Sebastian Michaelis in the Black Butler Musical and since then, been popular in both Japan and overseas.\nIn 2014, he started a boy band called X4, and the group released their debut album \"XVISION\" in 2015. The group held their major debut on October 7 of the same year with their single \"Killing Me\".", "Q65299": "Heinrich Thyssen (31 October 1875 \u2013 26 June 1947), after 22 June 1907 Heinrich Freiherr Thyssen-Bornemisza de K\u00e1szon et Imp\u00e9rfalva, was a German-Hungarian entrepreneur and art collector.", "Q168035": "Patrick de Lacy Aherne (6 January 1901 \u2013 30 September 1970) was an English film actor. He was the son of the architect William de Lacy Aherne, and the elder brother of the actor Brian Aherne. He was married to actress/comedian Ren\u00e9e Houston, with whom he adopted two children (Teri and Trevor) and had two children (Patrick Anthony and Alan Brian). Pat Aherne was a silent screen leading man, who was reduced to playing minor supporting roles after the transition to sound (due to hearing loss). His most notable on-screen appearances after 1930, were in Green Dolphin Street, Rocketship X-M and The Court Jester. He was a champion boxer and was in the first boxing film ever made. Pat was also a motorcycle trick rider and friend of Harley and Davidson.", "Q349057": "Martin Birch (born 27 December 1948) is a British music producer and sound engineer, who became renowned for engineering and producing albums by British rock bands including Deep Purple, Rainbow, Whitesnake, Black Sabbath, Blue \u00d6yster Cult, and Iron Maiden.", "Q101083": "Brigitte D'Ortschy (May 31, 1921 \u2013 July 9, 1990), or Koun-An Doru Chiko, was an architect, journalist, translator, author, and the first Zen master from Germany in the Sanbo Kyodan school of Japan.", "Q89231": "Herma Katharina Anna Kirchschl\u00e4ger, GCIH (n\u00e9e Sorger) (15 May 1916 in Vienna \u2013 30 May 2009 in Vienna) was the wife of Rudolf Kirchschl\u00e4ger, the former minister of foreign affairs and later federal president of Austria. They married on 17 August 1940 and they had two children: Christa (born 14 August 1944) and Walter (born 27 April 1947).", "Q666531": "The Naafkopf is a mountain in the R\u00e4tikon range of the Alps, located at the border between Austria, Liechtenstein and Switzerland.", "Q1135137": "Corpus Christi College (formally, Corpus Christi College in the University of Oxford, informally abbreviated as Corpus or CCC), is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1517, it is the 12th oldest college in Oxford.\nThe college, situated on Merton Street between Merton College and Christ Church, is one of the smallest in Oxford by student population, having around 250 undergraduates and 90 graduates. It is academic by Oxford standards, averaging in the top half of the university's informal ranking system, the Norrington Table, in recent years, and coming second in 2009\u201310.The college's role in the translation of the King James Bible is historically significant. The college is also noted for the pillar sundial in the main quadrangle, known as the Pelican Sundial, which was erected in 1581. Corpus achieved notability in more recent years by winning University Challenge on 9 May 2005 and once again on 23 February 2009, although the latter win was later disqualified.The Visitor of the college is ex officio the Bishop of Winchester, currently Tim Dakin.", "Q350506": "Edmund Patrick Cahill (born January 15, 1978) is an American actor known for portraying \"Miracle on Ice\" goalie Jim Craig in the movie Miracle, and for playing the roles of Tag Jones in Friends and Detective Don Flack in CSI: NY. His most recent main role was as District Attorney Conner Wallace in Conviction.", "Q659919": "Edwin Denison Morgan (February 8, 1811 \u2013 February 14, 1883) was the 21st governor of New York from 1859 to 1862 and served in the United States Senate from 1863 to 1869. He was the first and longest-serving chairman of the Republican National Committee. He was also a Union Army general during the American Civil War.\nA native of Massachusetts, Morgan was raised in Connecticut, trained as a merchant in Hartford, and served on the city council. He later moved to New York City, where he became a successful wholesale grocer and bond broker and served as an assistant alderman and member of the New York State Senate. Originally a Whig, he was one of the founders of the Republican Party, and he served as chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1856 to 1864 and 1872 to 1876.\nIn 1858, Morgan was elected Governor of New York, and he served from 1859 to 1862. As governor during the American Civil War, Morgan supported the Union. Appointed a major general of volunteers in the Union Army, he commanded the military's Department of New York while serving as governor. In 1863, he was elected to the United States Senate, where he served one term. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1869, and the unsuccessful Republican nominee for governor in 1876. Morgan had been a patron of Chester A. Arthur at the start of Arthur's career; when Arthur became president, he nominated Morgan as United States Secretary of the Treasury. Morgan was confirmed by the Senate, but declined on the grounds of age and ill health. Morgan died in New York City in 1883, and was buried in Connecticut.", "Q232397": "Shannon Marie Kahololani \"Shannyn\" Sossamon (born October 3, 1978), is an American actress, director, and musician. She has appeared in the films A Knight's Tale (2001), 40 Days and 40 Nights, The Rules of Attraction (both 2002), The Order (2003), Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (2005), Wristcutters: A Love Story (2006), Road to Nowhere (2009), The End of Love (2012), and Sinister 2 (2015).\nAs a musician, she provided vocals and drums to Warpaint from 2004 to 2008. She abruptly left the group after recording their first EP. Sossamon's sole recording with the band is the 2009 EP Exquisite Corpse.\nIn 2009, Sossamon began directing and producing shorts and music videos through her small production company, the Maudegone Theater. In 2019 she created a video channel called THE MAUDE ROOM, a variety show in which she serves as writer, director, and performer.", "Q1756191": "Ray Collins (November 19, 1936 \u2013 December 24, 2012) was an American musician.\nCollins grew up in Pomona, California singing in his school choir, the son of a local police officer. He quit high school to get married.Collins started his musical career singing falsetto backup vocals for various doo-wop groups in the Los Angeles area in the late 1950s and early 1960s, including Little Julian Herrera and the Tigers. In 1964, Collins, drummer Jimmy Carl Black, bassist Roy Estrada, saxophonist Dave Coronado, and guitarist Ray Hunt formed The Soul Giants.Hunt was eventually replaced by Frank Zappa, and the group evolved into the Mothers of Invention. Ray was the lead vocalist on most songs for their early albums, including Freak Out!, Absolutely Free, Cruising with Ruben & the Jets and Uncle Meat. He additionally provided harmonica on Freak Out!. In 1968 Ray quit The Mothers of Invention and was replaced by Lowell George, but continued to contribute to other Zappa projects through the mid-1970s.Currently Ray Collins niece/protege Shay Collins has been leading her own mission to carry on the name and memory of Ray Collins, with an American rock duo Mother Legacy. Labeling herself as Ray's legacy, determined to carry on all of his teachings and steadfast beliefs and desires in music.", "Q495373": "Visalia ( vy-SAYL-ee-\u0259) is a city situated in the agricultural San Joaquin Valley of California, about 230 mi (370 km) southeast of San Francisco, 190 mi (310 km) north of Los Angeles, 36 mi (58 km) west of Sequoia National Park, and 43 mi (69 km) south of Fresno. The population was 133,800 as of a 2018 U.S. Census Bureau estimate.\nVisalia is the fifth-largest city in the San Joaquin Valley after Fresno, Bakersfield, Stockton, and Modesto, the 44th-most populous in California, and 198th in the United States.As the county seat of Tulare County, Visalia serves as the economic and governmental center to one of the most productive agricultural counties in the country.Yosemite, Sequoia, and Kings Canyon National Parks are located in the nearby Sierra Nevada mountains, the highest mountain range in the contiguous United States.", "Q97769": "Manfred Christ (born February 18, 1940 in Aschaffenburg) is a German politician, representing the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nBetween 1990 and 2008 he represented the constituency of Aschaffenburg-West in the Landtag of Bavaria.After leaving school in 1958, Christ trained first as a machine fitter, then in industrial sales, eventually becoming a company secretary in 1969. He was self-employed between 1983 and his election to the Landtag of Bavaria in 1990. Manfred Christ married in 1964, and has three children and four grandchildren.\nChrist joined the CSU in 1958 and was a member of the Young Union from 1958 to 1976, also serving on its local executive committees. He became a member of Aschaffenburg\u2019s City Council in 1972 and from 1974 to 2003 Christ was the CSU Chair for Aschenaffenburg Mitte. From 1979 he was the Deputy Leader of the CSU group on the City council and was Press Spokesman from 1979 to 1990.\nFrom 1990 he represented the constituency of Unterfranken (later Aschaffenburg West) in the Landtag of Bavaria, serving on the Committee for Commerce and Transport. Until 2003 he was also a member of the Petitions Committee, then, from 2003 onwards, the State Monument Council. He did not stand for re-election in 2008.", "Q1443242": "Frank Nomer Fields (May 2, 1914 \u2013 September 18, 2005) was an American double bass player who was involved in many R&B, rock and roll and jazz recordings made in New Orleans.\nHe was born in Plaquemine, Louisiana. In the 1930s, he played with local jazz groups and with bandleader Claiborne Williams. After serving in the US Navy during World War II, he joined Dave Bartholomew's band as bass player, and became one of the key session musicians at Cosimo Matassa's J&M Studios in New Orleans, along with guitarist Ernest McLean, drummer Earl Palmer, pianist Salvador Doucette, and saxophonists Lee Allen and Red Tyler. Fields played on many of the seminal rhythm and blues and early rock and roll records made in New Orleans, including Fats Domino's \"The Fat Man\" (recorded in 1949), and many of Domino's later hits; Little Richard's \"Tutti Frutti\" (1955) and his later records on Specialty; and recordings by Professor Longhair, Smiley Lewis, Shirley & Lee, Lloyd Price, Huey \"Piano\" Smith, Ray Charles and many others. Fields was several years older than most of the other regular musicians. Tyler described him as \"about the most steady bass player I've ever worked with.... He plays correct, nothing fancy, very strong and dominant in his bass playing.\"He worked as a television repair man at the same time as maintaining his career as a musician. He continued to record as a session musician in New Orleans until the early 1990s. He also played with the Preservation Hall Jazz Band until at least 1994.He died in 2005 at the age of 91, and was buried at Port Hudson National Cemetery in Zachary, Louisiana.", "Q439927": "Brooke Lisa Burke (born September 8, 1971) is an American actress, dancer, model, and television personality. She is known as a Playboy model, hosting Wild On!, Rock Star (2005\u20132006), winning the seventh season of Dancing with the Stars, for co-hosting Dancing With the Stars from 2010 to 2013 and featuring in Need for Speed: Underground 2 as Rachel Teller.", "Q12777": "Joan Herrera i Torres (Barcelona, Spain, 29 January 1971) is a Spanish lawyer and politician from Catalonia. He was the leader of the leftist party Iniciativa per Catalunya.", "Q233937": "Nancy Sandra Sinatra (born June 8, 1940) is an American singer and actress. She is the elder daughter of Frank Sinatra and Nancy (n\u00e9e Barbato) Sinatra, and is widely known for her 1966 signature hit \"These Boots Are Made for Walkin'\".\nOther defining recordings include \"Sugar Town\", the 1967 number one \"Somethin' Stupid\" (a duet with her father), the title song from the James Bond film You Only Live Twice, several collaborations with Lee Hazlewood, such as \"Jackson\", \"Summer Wine\" and her cover of Cher's \"Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)\". Nancy Sinatra began her career as a singer and actress in November 1957 with an appearance on her father's ABC-TV variety series, but initially achieved success only in Europe and Japan. In early 1966 she had a transatlantic number-one hit with \"These Boots Are Made for Walkin'\". She appeared on TV in high boots, and with colorfully dressed go-go dancers, creating a popular and enduring image of the Swinging Sixties. The song was written by Lee Hazlewood, who wrote and produced most of her hits and sang with her on several duets, including \"Some Velvet Morning\". In 1966 and 1967, Sinatra charted with 13 titles, all of which featured Billy Strange as arranger and conductor.\nSinatra also had a brief acting career in the mid-1960s, including a co-starring role with Elvis Presley in the movie Speedway, and with Peter Fonda in The Wild Angels. In Marriage on the Rocks, Frank and Nancy Sinatra played a fictional father and daughter.", "Q930434": "Vittorio Valletta (28 July 1883 in Sampierdarena \u2013 10 August 1967 in Foccette di Pietrasanta) was an Italian industrialist and President of Fiat from 1946 to 1966.\nBorn at Sampierdarena, near Genoa, Valletta was a lecturer in economics before he joined Fiat in April 1921: as a result of his academic qualifications and background he was often known to colleagues and in the trade as \"Il Professore\". He became director in 1928 and CEO in 1939.\nIn the upheavals that followed the collapse of the Mussolini regime, Valletta found himself expelled from the company by the powerful unions which considered that he had been sympathetic to the Fascist regime. However, in 1946 he was recalled and nominated as Company President. He presided during two decades of rapid expansion as small Fiats proliferated on Italian streets, and he lived out the injunction of the company's founder to \"make Fiat greater, giving more working opportunities to the people, and producing better and cheaper cars\". Valletta continued as Chairman of Fiat until, at the age of 83, he retired in April 1966 to be succeeded in that post by the founder's grandson, Dr. Giovanni Agnelli.He was appointed senator for life in December 1966. The Italian president's citation described Valletta as \"the first Fiat worker, and one of the great men who most contributed to the Italian economic miracle and to the welfare of the country\".Valletta died at his villa near Pietrasanta in 1967.", "Q460852": "Wendy Ann Melvoin (born January 26, 1964) is an American guitarist and singer-songwriter, best known for her work with Prince as part of his backing band The Revolution, and for her collaboration with Lisa Coleman as one half of the duo Wendy & Lisa.", "Q906186": "The Amazing World of Gumball (TAWOG or simply Gumball) is a British-American surreal comedy animated television series created by Ben Bocquelet for Cartoon Network. Produced primarily by Cartoon Network Studios Europe, it first aired on May 3, 2011. The series revolves around the lives of 12-year-old Gumball Watterson, a blue cat and his goldfish best friend\u2014adoptive brother 10-year-old Darwin, who attend middle school in the fictional city of Elmore. They frequently find themselves involved in various shenanigans around the city, during which time they interact with fellow family members\u2014younger sister Anais, mother Nicole and father Richard\u2014and an extended supporting cast of characters. As of 2020, the series is the 2nd longest-running Cartoon Network show.\nBocquelet based several of the series' characters on rejected characters from his previous commercial work and making its premise a mixture of \"family shows and school shows\", which Cartoon Network was heavily interested in. He pitched The Amazing World of Gumball to the network and Turner Broadcasting executive Daniel Lennard subsequently greenlit production of the series. It is the first series to be produced by Cartoon Network Studios Europe, and is currently co-produced with Studio SOI in Germany and Great Marlborough Productions Limited.\nOne unique feature of the series is its lack of stylistic unity. Characters are designed, filmed, and animated using multiple styles and techniques (stylised traditional animation, puppetry, CGI, stop motion, Flash animation, live-action, etc.)The series has made multiple stylistic changes throughout its production, specifically in the transition between its first and second seasons. Such changes include character redesigns, an increase in the use of VFX, higher quality animation, and a shift towards a much darker, more satirical comedic style.\nBocquelet later stated on September 6, 2016 that the sixth season would be his last time working on the show and that production could continue without him. 2 years later, on October 7, 2018, he retweeted a blog post from RegularCapital stating that the sixth season will be the last, though the author would make a follow-up post saying that more seasons are still possible according to Turner Northern Europe. A six-episode miniseries titled Darwin's Yearbook was announced for the series in November.", "Q3122554": "Gwenn-A\u00ebl Bollor\u00e9 (5 September 1925, Ergu\u00e9-Gab\u00e9ric \u2013 12 July 2001) was a French soldier, businessman, author, and publisher.", "Q447235": "Charles Mair (September 21, 1838 \u2013 July 7, 1927) was a Canadian poet and journalist. He was a fervent Canadian nationalist noted for his participation in the Canada First movement and his opposition to Louis Riel during the two Riel Rebellions in western Canada.", "Q72083": "Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng (7 December 1258\u201316 December 1308), given name Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e2m, was the third emperor of the Tr\u1ea7n dynasty, reigning over \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t from 1278 to 1293. After ceding the throne to his son Tr\u1ea7n Anh T\u00f4ng, Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng held the title Retired Emperor (Vietnamese: Th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng) from 1294 to his death in 1308. During the second and third Mongol invasions of \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, the Emperor Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng and his father the Retired Emperor Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng were credited as the supreme commanders who led the Tr\u1ea7n dynasty to the final victories and since established a long period of peace and prosperity over the country.", "Q234080": "Diane Ladd (born November 29, 1935) is an American actress, film director, producer, and author. She has appeared in over 120 film and television roles. For the 1974 film Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore, she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She went on to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television for Alice (1980\u201381), and to receive Academy Award nominations for Wild at Heart (1990) and Rambling Rose (1991). Her other film appearances include Chinatown (1974), National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989), Ghosts of Mississippi (1996), Primary Colors (1998), 28 Days (2000), and American Cowslip (2008). Ladd is the mother of actress Laura Dern, with her ex-husband, actor Bruce Dern.", "Q183094": "Adam Ferguson, FRSE (Scottish Gaelic: Adhamh MacFhearghais), also known as Ferguson of Raith (1 July N.S./20 June O.S. 1723 \u2013 22 February 1816), was a Scottish philosopher and historian of the Scottish Enlightenment.\nFerguson was sympathetic to traditional societies, such as the Highlands, for producing courage and loyalty. He criticized commercial society as making men weak, dishonourable and unconcerned for their community. Ferguson has been called \"the father of modern sociology\" for his contributions to the early development of the discipline. His best-known work is his Essay on the History of Civil Society.\n\n", "Q289501": "Majgull Axelsson (born 1947 in Landskrona) is a Swedish journalist and writer.\nShe grew up in N\u00e4ssj\u00f6 and had education in journalism.", "Q588336": "Eudoro Melo (1889\u20131975) was an Uruguayan poet, politician, and journalist.", "Q6157": "Sein\u00e4joki is a city located in South Ostrobothnia, Finland. Sein\u00e4joki originated around the \u00d6stermyra bruk iron and gunpowder factories founded in 1798. Sein\u00e4joki became a municipality in 1868, market town in 1931 and town in 1960. In 2005, the municipality of Per\u00e4sein\u00e4joki was merged into Sein\u00e4joki, and in the beginning of 2009, the neighbouring municipalities of Nurmo and Ylistaro were consolidated with Sein\u00e4joki.\nThe Town library, Lakeuden Risti Church and central administrative buildings are designed by Alvar Aalto.\nThe asteroid 1521 Sein\u00e4joki bears the town's name.\nSein\u00e4joki was historically called \u00d6stermyra in Swedish. Today this name, which never was official, is very seldom used even among the Swedish speakers. Literal translation for Sein\u00e4joki is \"Wallriver\".\nSein\u00e4joki Airport is located in the neighbouring municipality of Ilmajoki, 11 kilometres (10 mi) south of the Sein\u00e4joki city centre. Sein\u00e4joki railway station in city center was opened in 1883 and until 1897 it carried the name \u00d6stermyra station.\nSein\u00e4joki is home to SJK Sein\u00e4joki, a professional football team that competes in the Finnish Veikkausliiga. SJK is one of the top football teams in Finland.\n\n", "Q9264": "Uzbek is a Turkic language that is the first official and only declared national language of Uzbekistan. The language of Uzbeks, it is spoken by some 27 million native speakers in Uzbekistan and elsewhere in Central Asia (2015), making it the second-most widely spoken Turkic language after Turkish.\nUzbek belongs to the Eastern Turkic or Karluk, branch of the Turkic language family. External influences include Arabic, Persian and Russian. One of the most noticeable distinctions of Uzbek from other Turkic languages is the rounding of the vowel /\u0251/ to /\u0252/, a feature that was influenced by Persian. As with its sister Karluk language Uyghur, vowel harmony is somewhat less strictly observed compared to other Turkic languages.", "Q62290": "Martin Franz Julius Luther (German: [\u02c8ma\u0250\u032fti\u02d0n \u02c8l\u028at\u0250] (listen); 16 December 1895 \u2013 13 May 1945) was an early member of the Nazi Party. He served as an advisor to Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, first in the Dienststelle Ribbentrop (\"Ribbentrop Bureau\"), and later in the Ausw\u00e4rtiges Amt (\"Foreign Office\") as a diplomat when von Ribbentrop replaced Konstantin von Neurath. He participated in the Wannsee Conference, at which the Final Solution was planned; it was the 1947 discovery of his copy of the minutes that first made the Allied powers aware that the conference had taken place and what its purpose was.", "Q214350": "The Libertines are an English rock band, formed in London in 1997 by frontmen Carl Bar\u00e2t (vocals/guitar) and Pete Doherty (vocals/guitar). The band, centered on the songwriting partnership of Bar\u00e2t and Doherty, has also included John Hassall (bass) and Gary Powell (drums) for most of its recording career. The band was part of the garage rock revival and spearheaded the movement in the UK.\nThe band gained some notoriety in the early 2000s. Although their mainstream success was initially limited, their profile soon grew, culminating in a No. 2 single and No. 1 album on the UK Charts. In December 2004, their self-titled second album was voted the second best album of the year by NME magazine. The first two of their full-length LPs were produced by Mick Jones, of the British punk band The Clash.\nIn spite of their critical and commercial success, the band's music was often eclipsed by its internal conflicts, stemming from Doherty's addictions to crack cocaine and heroin, which eventually led to the break-up of the band. Doherty has since stated that the break-up of the band was due to relationship difficulties between Bar\u00e2t and himself that were not related to his drug addictions. The members of the Libertines went on to form new bands with varying degrees of success.\nIn August 2010, the four members of the Libertines reunited to play a series of shows, including slots at the 2010 Reading and Leeds Festivals. The reunion shows received a highly positive response from the press and fans. In April 2014 the Libertines announced they would again reform for a show at London's Hyde Park. In November 2014 the band signed a record deal with Virgin EMI Records, and released their third album, Anthems for Doomed Youth on 11 September 2015.", "Q88891": "Wolfgang Stumph (born 31 January 1946) is an award-winning German actor and cabaret artist.", "Q131626": "The Smithsonian Institution ( smith-SOH-nee-\u0259n), also known simply as the Smithsonian, is a group of museums and research centers administered by the Government of the United States. It was founded on August 10, 1846, \"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge\". The institution is named after its founding donor, British scientist James Smithson. It was originally organized as the \"United States National Museum\", but that name ceased to exist as an administrative entity in 1967.Termed \"the nation's attic\" \nfor its eclectic holdings of 154 million items, the Institution's 19 museums, 21 libraries, nine research centers, and zoo include historical and architectural landmarks, mostly located in the District of Columbia. Additional facilities are located in Maryland, New York, and Virginia. More than 200 institutions and museums in 45 states, Puerto Rico, and Panama are Smithsonian Affiliates.The Institution's 30 million annual visitors are admitted without charge. Its annual budget is around $1.2 billion, with two-thirds coming from annual federal appropriations. Other funding comes from the Institution's endowment, private and corporate contributions, membership dues, and earned retail, concession, and licensing revenue. Institution publications include Smithsonian and Air & Space magazines.", "Q41449": "Michael Corbett Shannon (born August 7, 1974) is an American actor, producer, director, and musician. He has been nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his roles in Revolutionary Road (2008) and Nocturnal Animals (2016). He earned Screen Actors Guild Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for his role in 99 Homes (2014), and a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actor in a Play for Long Day's Journey into Night (2016).\nShannon made his film debut in 1993 with Groundhog Day and received widespread attention for his performance in 8 Mile (2002). He is known for his on-screen versatility, performing in both comedies and dramas. His performances include Pearl Harbor (2001), Bad Boys II (2003), Bug (2006), Before the Devil Knows You're Dead (2007), Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2009), The Iceman (2012), Premium Rush (2012), Man of Steel (2013), The Shape of Water (2017), and Knives Out (2019). Shannon is a frequent collaborator of Jeff Nichols, appearing in all of his films: Shotgun Stories (2007), Take Shelter (2011), Mud (2012), Midnight Special, and Loving (both 2016). He is also known for his role as Nelson Van Alden in the HBO period drama series Boardwalk Empire (2010\u20132014), for which he was nominated for three Screen Actors Guild Awards.", "Q1340262": "The Chopin University of Music (Polish: Uniwersytet Muzyczny Fryderyka Chopina, UMFC) is located at ulica Ok\u00f3lnik 2 in central Warsaw, Poland. It is the oldest and largest music school in Poland, and one of the largest in Europe.", "Q238862": "Loretta Jane Swit (born November 4, 1937) is an American stage and television actress known for her character roles. Swit is best known for her portrayal of Major Margaret \"Hot Lips\" Houlihan on M*A*S*H, for which she won two Emmy Awards.", "Q445422": "Charon Shemekia Copeland (born April 10, 1979) is an American electric blues vocalist.\n\n", "Q70694": "Michael F. Feldkamp (born 23 April 1962) is a German historian and journalist.", "Q1450558": "The Cosmic Jokers were a German krautrock supergroup, though they were never a proper ensemble, per se; their music was created from sessions put together by label head Rolf-Ulrich Kaiser and Gille Lettman in early 1973, without the performers' knowledge. They were a primary example of space rock.\n\n", "Q312053": "Richard Christopher Wakeman (born 18 May 1949) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, producer, television and radio presenter, and author. He is best known for being in the progressive rock band Yes across five tenures between 1971 and 2004 and for his solo albums released in the 1970s. He is a current member of Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin, Rick Wakeman.\nBorn and raised in West London, Wakeman intended to be a concert pianist but quit his studies at the Royal College of Music in 1969 to become a full-time session musician. His early sessions included playing on \"Space Oddity\", among others, for David Bowie, and songs by Junior's Eyes, T. Rex, Elton John, and Cat Stevens. Wakeman became a member of Strawbs in 1970 before joining Yes a year later, playing on some of their most successful albums across two stints until 1980. Wakeman began his solo career in 1973; his most successful albums are his first three: The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1973), Journey to the Centre of the Earth (1974), and The Myths and Legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table (1975), all concept albums. He formed his rock band, The English Rock Ensemble, in 1974, with which he continues to perform, and scored his first film, Lisztomania (1975).\nWakeman pursued solo projects in the 1980s that varied in levels of success; his most successful album was 1984, released in 1981, which was followed by his minor pop hit single, \"Glory Boys\", from Silent Nights (1985). He hosted the television show Gastank, and recorded his first of several New-age, ambient, and Christian music albums with Country Airs (1986) and The Gospels (1987), respectively. From 1988 to 1990 he was a member of Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe which led to his third Yes stint until 1992. He returned twice more between 1995 and 2004, during which he completed several more solo projects and tours, including his most significant of the decade, Return to the Centre of the Earth (1999). Wakeman continues to record albums and perform concerts worldwide in various capacities; his most recent album is Christmas Portraits (2019).\nWakeman's discography includes over 90 solo albums that range from several musical styles. He has made many television and radio appearances; in recent years he became known for his contributions to the BBC comedy series Grumpy Old Men, Watchdog and his radio show on Planet Rock that aired from 2005 to 2010. Wakeman has written three books; an autobiography and two memoirs. In 2017, Wakeman was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Yes.\n\n", "Q60487": "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn \u2013 Part 2, commonly referred to as Breaking Dawn: Part 2, is a 2012 American romantic drama fantasy film directed by Bill Condon and based on the novel Breaking Dawn by Stephenie Meyer. Constituting the second of a two-part adaptation of the novel, the film is the fifth and final installment in The Twilight Saga film series, following 2011's Breaking Dawn: Part 1. All three main cast members, Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner, reprise their roles, with Mackenzie Foy portraying Renesmee Cullen. Alongside Pattinson, Lautner, Stewart, and Foy, the film also stars an ensemble cast including Billy Burke, Peter Facinelli, Elizabeth Reaser, Kellan Lutz, Nikki Reed, Jackson Rathbone, Ashley Greene, Michael Sheen, and Dakota Fanning.\nPart 2 was released on November 16, 2012. The film, despite mixed critical reception, was a box office success, grossing nearly $830 million worldwide against production budget of $136 million, becoming the sixth-highest-grossing film of 2012 and the highest-grossing film of The Twilight Saga series.", "Q380531": "Vincent Paul Abbott (March 11, 1964 \u2013 June 22, 2018), also known as Vinnie Paul, was an American musician, songwriter and producer, best known for being the drummer and co-founder of the heavy metal band Pantera. He was a member of Hellyeah for 12 years from 2006 until his death in 2018. He also co-founded the heavy metal band Damageplan in 2003 with his younger brother, Dimebag Darrell.", "Q1252114": "Sir Douglas Colin Cameron (June 8, 1854 \u2013 November 27, 1921) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Ontario Legislature from 1902 to 1905, and was the eighth Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba from 1911 to 1916.\nCameron was born in Hawkesbury, Canada West (now Ontario), and was educated at Vankleek Hill High School. He did not attend college. Cameron moved to Manitoba in 1878, and worked as a contractor at Brandon.\nCameron then moved to Rat Portage (now Kenora), which was claimed by both Manitoba and Ontario at the time. He oversaw developments in the lumbering and mining trades, opened a saw mill, and was one of the founders of the Maple Leaf Flour Mills. In later years, he would become President of Rat Portage Lumber Company.\nCameron entered politics in 1901, having been elected as a councillor in Rat Portage. He would later serve as the city's mayor. In 1902, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal for the riding of Fort William and Lake of the Woods, defeating Conservative Thomas Smellie, 1483 votes to 1121. Cameron sat as a backbench supporter of Premier George Ross for the next three years.\nThe Liberals lost the election of 1905, and Cameron lost his own riding to Smellie, 1536 votes to 1228. Shortly thereafter, he moved to Winnipeg to better oversee his business ventures.\nCameron stood as a Liberal candidate for Winnipeg in the 1908 federal election, but lost to Conservative Alexander Haggart by 8747 votes to 6729.\nPrime Minister Wilfrid Laurier appointed Cameron Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba on August 1, 1911. The position was largely ceremonial by this time, and Cameron had little involvement in the day-to-day affairs of the province's government. In 1915, however, Cameron used his constitutional authority to call a Royal Commission of Enquiry into an ongoing scandal involving the construction costs of the province's new legislative buildings. The Commission upheld charges against Rodmond Roblin's government by the opposition Liberals, and Roblin was forced to resign.\nCameron was made a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1914 New Year Honours.Cameron's term in office ended in 1916. He died in 1921.", "Q354006": "Ronnie Self (July 5, 1938 \u2013 August 28, 1981) was a United States rockabilly singer and songwriter. His solo career was unsuccessful, despite being signed to contracts with Columbia and then Decca from the late 1950s through the early 1960s. His only charted single was \"Bop-A-Lena\"; recorded in 1957 and released in 1958, it reached No. 68 on the Billboard charts. His boastful country anthem \"Ain't I'm a Dog\" was a regional hit in the South, but failed to score nationally.\nA talented performer and songwriter, Self's career was blighted by his severe alcoholism and erratic behavior, including incidents of violence. However, Brenda Lee's recordings of his songs \"I'm Sorry\", \"Sweet Nothin's\", and \"Everybody Loves Me But You\" became major pop classics. His country gospel song \"Ain't That Beautiful Singing\", recorded by Jake Hess, was awarded a Grammy Award for Best Sacred Performance in 1969. He also wrote Brenda Lee's 1963 No. 28 UK hit single \"Sweet Impossible You\" (the B-side to \"The Grass is Greener\" in the United States). \nHe died in Springfield, Missouri, in 1981 aged 43.", "Q455631": "Alma Guillermoprieto (born May 27, 1949) is a Mexican journalist who has written extensively about Latin America for the British and American press. Her writings have also been widely disseminated within the Spanish-speaking world.", "Q162518": "How the West Was Won is a 1962 American Metrocolor epic-western film. The picture was one of the last \"old-fashioned\" epic films made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to enjoy great success. The all-star cast includes Carroll Baker, Lee J. Cobb, Henry Fonda, Carolyn Jones, Karl Malden, Gregory Peck, George Peppard, Robert Preston, Debbie Reynolds, James Stewart, Eli Wallach, John Wayne, and Richard Widmark. \nSet between 1839 and 1889, it follows four generations of a family (starting as the Prescotts) as they move from western New York to the Pacific Ocean. The picture was one of only two dramatic films made in the curved-screen three-projector Cinerama process, which added to its original impact. The film is narrated by Spencer Tracy. The score was listed at number 25 on the American Film Institute's 100 Years of Film Scores. The film also gained widespread critical acclaim. In 1997, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress as being deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".\n\n", "Q181683": "Carly Elisabeth Simon (born June 25, 1945) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and children's author. She first rose to fame in the 1970s with a string of hit records; her 13 Top 40 U.S. hits include \"Anticipation\" (No. 13), \"You Belong To Me\" (No. 6), \"Coming Around Again\" (No. 18), and her four Gold certified singles \"Jesse\" (No. 11), \"Mockingbird\" (No. 5, a duet with James Taylor), \"You're So Vain\" (No. 1), and \"Nobody Does It Better\" (No. 2) from the 1977 James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me.\nAfter a brief stint with her sister Lucy Simon as duo group the Simon Sisters, she found great success as a solo artist with her 1971 self-titled debut album Carly Simon, which won her the Grammy Award for Best New Artist, and spawned her first Top 10 single, \"That's the Way I've Always Heard It Should Be\". She achieved international fame with the release of her third album, No Secrets (1972), which sat firmly at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 for five weeks and spawned the worldwide hit \"You're So Vain\", for which she received three Grammy nominations, including Record of the Year and Song of the Year. With her 1988 hit \"Let the River Run\", from the film Working Girl, she became the first artist to win a Grammy Award, an Academy Award, and a Golden Globe Award for a song composed and written, as well as performed, entirely by a single artist.Over the course of her career, Simon has amassed 24 Billboard Hot 100 charting singles, 28 Billboard Adult Contemporary charting singles, and won 2 Grammy Awards, from 14 nominations. AllMusic called her \"one of the quintessential singer-songwriters of the '70s\". She has a contralto vocal range, and has cited Odetta as a significant influence. She was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1994. In 1995 and 1998, respectively, she received the Boston Music Awards Lifetime Achievement and a Berklee College of Music Honorary Doctor of Music Degree. She was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame for \"You're So Vain\" in 2004 and awarded the ASCAP Founders Award in 2012.\nSimon was formerly married to singer-songwriter James Taylor. They have two children together, Sally Taylor and Ben Taylor, who are also musicians.", "Q190956": "Amadeus is a 1984 American period biographical drama film directed by Milo\u0161 Forman and adapted by Peter Shaffer from his stage play Amadeus. The story is set in Vienna, Austria during the latter half of the 18th century, and is a fictionalized biography of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, described by its writer as \"fantasia on the theme of Mozart and Salieri\". Mozart's music is heard extensively in the soundtrack of the film. The film follows a fictional rivalry between Mozart and Italian composer Antonio Salieri at the court of Emperor Joseph II. The film stars F. Murray Abraham as Salieri (who received the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance) and Tom Hulce as Mozart (who was also nominated for the same award as Abraham).\nAmadeus was released by Orion Pictures on September 19, 1984, thirteen days following its world premiere in Los Angeles on September 6, 1984. Upon release, the film received widespread acclaim and was a box office hit by grossing over $90 million.\nConsidered one of the best films of all time, Amadeus was nominated for 53 awards and received 40, including eight Academy Awards (as well as the Academy Award for Best Picture), four BAFTA Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, and a Directors Guild of America award. As of 2019, it is the most recent film to have more than one nomination in the Academy Award for Best Actor category. In 1998, the American Film Institute ranked it 53rd on its 100 Years... 100 Movies list. In 2019, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q105597": "Nikolaus Ehlen (born 9 December 1886 in Graach an der Mosel, died 18 October 1965 in Velbert) was a German pacifist teacher. He was a Catholic pioneer of the Selbsthilfe-Siedlungsbau, which was a movement to help workers get their own home.", "Q163612": "Adolfo Alejandro Nouel y Bobadilla (12 December 1862, Santo Domingo \u2013 26 June 1937) was an archbishop, educator and interim president of the Dominican Republic.\n\n", "Q180589": "Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (; born 19 June 1964) is a British politician, writer, and former journalist, who has served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party since 2019. He was Foreign Secretary from 2016 to 2018 and Mayor of London from 2008 to 2016. Johnson was Member of Parliament for Henley from 2001 to 2008 and has been MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip since 2015. Ideologically, he identifies as a progressive one-nation conservative.\nJohnson was born in New York City to upper-middle-class English parents and educated at Eton College. He read Classics at Balliol College, Oxford, where he was elected President of the Oxford Union in 1986. He began his career in journalism at The Times newspaper, from which he was dismissed for falsifying a quotation. Later he became the Brussels correspondent for The Daily Telegraph newspaper, where his articles exerted a strong influence on growing Eurosceptic sentiment on the British right. He was promoted to be an assistant editor from 1994 to 1999, and edited The Spectator magazine from 1999 to 2005. After being elected MP for Henley in 2001, Johnson served as a junior Shadow Minister under Conservative leaders Michael Howard and David Cameron. He largely adhered to the Conservatives' party line but adopted a socially liberal stance on issues such as LGBT rights in parliamentary votes. In 2008, he was elected Mayor of London, resigning a month later from the House of Commons; he was re-elected as Mayor in 2012. During his mayoralty, Johnson oversaw the 2012 Summer Olympics, introduced the New Routemaster buses, a cycle hire scheme and a cable car crossing the Thames, and banned alcohol consumption on much of London's public transport.\nIn 2015, Johnson was elected MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip; he stepped down as mayor the following year, during which he became a prominent figure in the successful Vote Leave campaign for Brexit. He then served as Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs during the earlier stages of Theresa May's premiership; he resigned from the post two years later, in criticism of May's approach to Brexit and the Chequers Agreement. After May resigned in 2019, he was elected Conservative leader and appointed prime minister. His September 2019 prorogation of Parliament was ruled unlawful by the Supreme Court. In the 2019 general election, Johnson led the Conservative Party to its biggest victory since 1987, with the biggest percentage vote share of any party since 1979. The United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union under the terms of a revised Brexit withdrawal agreement. \nJohnson has been a controversial figure in British journalism and politics. Supporters have praised him as an entertaining, humorous, and popular figure, with an appeal stretching beyond traditional Conservative voters and Eurosceptics. Conversely, his critics have accused him of dishonesty, elitism, and cronyism, and of using offensive language. Johnson is the subject of several biographies and fictionalised portrayals.", "Q964071": "Yee Keung Victor Wong (traditional Chinese: \u9ec3\u81ea\u5f37; simplified Chinese: \u9ec4\u81ea\u5f37; pinyin: Hu\u00e1ng Z\u00ecqi\u00e1ng; Jyutping: Wong4 Zi6koeng4; July 30, 1927 \u2013 September 12, 2001) was an American actor, artist, and journalist. A fourth-generation Chinese-American, he appeared in numerous supporting roles throughout the 1980s and 1990s. He is widely known for his role as Chinese sorcerer Egg Shen in John Carpenter's 1986 cult film Big Trouble in Little China, and royal adviser Chen Bao Shen in the Best Picture-winning historical epic The Last Emperor.", "Q444728": "Jean-Louis-F\u00e9lix Danjou (1812-1866) was a French organist, composer-arranger, and organist who discovered the Antiphonary of St. Benigne in 1847 and was founder of the Revue de la musique religieuse.\nDanjou was organist at Church of Notre-Dame-des-Blancs-Manteaux 1831-34, Saint-Eustache from 1834\u20131844, at Notre-Dame de Paris from 1840 to 1847. He was also a partner with Andr\u00e9-Marie Daublaine and fr:Louis Callinet, of the fr:Callinet family, in the fr:Daublaine-Callinet organ company.", "Q92605": "John D. Carmack II (born August 20, 1970) is an American computer programmer, video game developer and engineer. He co-founded the video game company id Software and was the lead programmer of its games Commander Keen, Wolfenstein 3D, Doom and Quake and their sequels. Carmack made innovations in 3D graphics, such as his Carmack's Reverse algorithm for shadow volumes. In 2013, he resigned from id to work full-time at Oculus VR, where he serves as consulting CTO.", "Q49001": "Caryn Elaine Johnson (born November 13, 1955), known professionally as Whoopi Goldberg (), is an American actor, comedian, author, and television personality. A recipient of many awards and honors, she is one of the few entertainers to have won an Emmy Award, a Grammy Award, an Academy Award, and a Tony Award.\nGoldberg's breakthrough came in 1985 for her role as Celie, a mistreated woman in the Deep South, in Steven Spielberg's period drama film The Color Purple, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won her first Golden Globe Award. For her performance in the romantic fantasy film Ghost (1990) as an eccentric psychic, Goldberg won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, making her the second black woman to win an Academy Award for acting, and a second Golden Globe, her first for Best Supporting Actress. In 1992, Goldberg starred in the comedy Sister Act, earning a third Golden Globe nomination, her first for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Comedy or Musical. She reprised the role in Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit (1993), making her the highest-paid actress at the time.\nA theatre performer and producer, Goldberg has performed in Broadway productions, one of which produced a comedy album that earned her a Grammy Award. She has also won a Tony Award as a producer of the musical Thoroughly Modern Millie. In television, Goldberg is known for her role as Guinan on Star Trek: The Next Generation and for co-hosting and moderating the talk show The View since 2007, for which she won a Daytime Emmy Award.\n\n", "Q173401": "Thomas Alexander Stallard (born 11 September 1978 in Westminster, London) is a British former rower. He won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics for Great Britain in the men's eight. He rowed in the Cambridge Blue Boat (CUBC) in the University Boat Races between 1999 and 2002, winning in 1999 and 2001. He was the president of CUBC for the 2002 season.\nHe has retired from rowing and, as of 2019, works as a race engineer for Carlos Sainz Jr. in the McLaren Formula One team. He has also previously worked with Jenson Button and Stoffel Vandoorne.", "Q1346607": "Mikail (Mikhail) Safarbekovich Gutseriev (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0421\u0430\u0444\u0430\u0440\u0431\u0435\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0443\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0435\u0432; born 9 March 1958 in Akmolinsk, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union) is an Ingush entrepreneur, Doctor of Economics, poet, member of the Union of Writers of the Russian Federation. The major shareholder of the SAFMAR Group, which includes PJSC \"RussNeft\", JSC Neftisa, JSC \"Russian Coal\", PJSC Mospromstroy, A101 Group, JSC NPF Safmar, JSC Doveriye, NPF Mospromstroy-Fund, JSC \"LC \"Europlan\", \"VSK\" insurance company and many others. He owns controlling stakes in the largest Russian retail companies \u2013 PJSC M.video and JSC Eldorado. He is the owner of a UK-based GCM Global Energy Inc., which produces crude oil in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. He controls major real estate assets (including the National Hotel, Petrovsky Passage and Smolensky Passage shopping centres in Moscow, and many others). Mr. Gutseriev is a member of the Management Board of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs.\nStarting from 2002 he has been regularly included into Forbes annual list of 200 Richest Russians wherein as of 2017 ranks on the 20th position with $9.91 bln., ranking on the 20th position with $6.4 bln (as of 2017) In the 2019 Forbes edition Russia's wealthiest businessmen, Gutseriev ranked 28th with a fortune of US$3.7 billion. He is ranked the 568th richest man globally.", "Q206740": "La Cage aux Folles II is a 1980 French comedy film and the sequel to 1978's La Cage aux Folles. It is directed by \u00c9douard Molinaro and stars Michel Serrault as Albin (stage name ZaZa), the female impersonator star of a gay night-club revue, and Ugo Tognazzi as Renato, his partner of over 20 years.", "Q123236": "Maria Stader (November 5, 1911 \u2013 April 27, 1999) was a Hungarian-born Swiss lyric soprano, known particularly for her Mozart interpretations.", "Q871468": "Otomar Kubala (1906\u20131946) was a Slovak fascist who served as the commander of the Hlinka Guard during the Slovak National Uprising. After the war, he was tried for treason, convicted, and executed.", "Q455625": "Axel Evert Taube (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u011b\u02d0v\u025b\u0288 \u02c8\u0288o\u02d0b] (listen); 1890\u20131976) was a Swedish author, artist, composer and singer. He is widely regarded as one of Sweden's most respected musicians and the foremost troubadour of the Swedish ballad tradition in the 20th century.", "Q153909": "Milovan \u0110ilas (pronounced [m\u00eel\u0254\u028ban d\u0291\u00eela\u02d0s]; Serbian: Milovan \u0110ilas/\u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0402\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441; 12 June 1911 \u2013 20 April 1995) was a Yugoslav communist politician, theorist and author. He was a key figure in the Partisan movement during World War II, as well as in the post-war government. A self-identified democratic socialist, \u0110ilas became one of the best-known and most prominent dissidents in Yugoslavia and all of Eastern Europe.", "Q60493": "Lee Allen Tergesen (born July 8, 1965) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in Weird Science, as Tobias Beecher in HBO's prison drama Oz and as Evan Wright in Generation Kill, as well as guest starring in many other series.\n\n", "Q1333298": "Sir Francis \"Frank\" Joseph Edmund Beaurepaire (13 May 1891 \u2013 29 May 1956) was an Australian distance freestyle swimmer from the 1900s to the 1920s, who won three silver and three bronze medals, from the 1908 Summer Olympics in London to the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, setting 15 world records.\nHe was also a decorated politician and businessman, serving for ten years in the Victorian Legislative Council and as Lord Mayor of Melbourne and building a multimillion-dollar tyre business empire, Beaurepaires and Olympic Tyres.", "Q101929": "Immunology is a branch of biology that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms. Immunology charts, measures, and contextualizes the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (such as autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and transplant rejection); and the physical, chemical, and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of medicine, particularly in the fields of organ transplantation, oncology, rheumatology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology.\nThe term was coined by Russian biologist Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, who advanced studies on immunology and received the Nobel Prize for his work in 1908. He pinned small thorns into starfish larvae and noticed unusual cells surrounding the thorns. This was the active response of the body trying to maintain its integrity. It was Mechnikov who first observed the phenomenon of phagocytosis, in which the body defends itself against a foreign body.\nPrior to the designation of immunity, from the etymological root immunis, which is Latin for \"exempt\", early physicians characterized organs that would later be proven as essential components of the immune system. The important lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus, bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver. When health conditions worsen to emergency status, portions of immune system organs, including the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic tissues, can be surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive.\nMany components of the immune system are typically cellular in nature and not associated with any specific organ, but rather are embedded or circulating in various tissues located throughout the body.", "Q176579": "It\u014d Sachio (\u4f0a\u85e4 \u5de6\u5343\u592b, 18 September 1864 - 30 July 1913) was the pen-name of It\u014d K\u014djir\u014d (\u4f0a\u85e4 \u5e78\u6b21\u90ce), a Japanese tanka poet and novelist active during the Meiji period of Japan.", "Q4647642": "Alexander Charles Baillie (born December 20, 1939) is the former CEO of TD Bank Financial Group; he served in this role until December, 2002.\nHe served as the 12th Chancellor of Queen's University. He was appointed on July 1, 2002 and completed two consecutive three-year terms as Chancellor. He was succeeded by David A. Dodge, the former Governor of the Bank of Canada, on July 1, 2008. He has four children, all of whom graduated from Queen's. On May 2, 2008, Baillie was named Chancellor Emeritus of Queen's University.Born in 1939 in Orillia, Ontario, the son of Charles and Jean G. Baillie, he grew up there and was educated at the University of Toronto Schools. He attended Trinity College at the University of Toronto, where he studied Honours Political Science and Economics. He graduated with a B.A. in 1962, and then moved on to Harvard for graduate studies. Baillie earned his M.B.A. from Harvard Business School, and then entered into a highly successful career in finance. He began working for the Toronto-Dominion Bank in 1964, and eventually became that company's CEO in 1997.\nIn 1965, he married Marilyn J. Michener; the couple had three sons and one daughter. In 2006, Baillie established the Marilyn Baillie Picture Book Award to honour his wife, a children's book author and book and magazine editor.Baillie is noted as an avid birdwatcher, outdoorsman, and history buff, who enjoys travelling and collecting antiquarian books. He has been an active member of the community, and holds several important positions. He was President of The Art Gallery of Ontario, Honorary Chair of the Canadian Council of Chief Executives, Honorary Campaign Chair of the Shaw Festival, Campaign Co-Chair for the Nature Conservancy of Canada, and was the Chair of the United Way of Greater Toronto Campaign 2000. In addition to his work with these educational and cultural organizations, Charles currently serves on the Board of Directors of Telus, Dana Holding Corporation, Ballard Power Systems, Canadian National Railway Company and George Weston Limited.\nIn 2006, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. [1]", "Q1882929": "The Independent Radicals (French: Radicaux ind\u00e9pendants) were a right-of-centre French political current during the French Third Republic. It was slightly to the right of the more famous Radical-Socialist Party, and shared many doctrinal features in common. The prominent political scientist Andr\u00e9 Siegfried described them as \"Social [that is, economic] conservatives who did not want to break with the Left, and who therefore voted with the Right on [economic] interests, and with the Left on political issues\".", "Q1453045": "Armando Manzanero Canch\u00e9 (born in M\u00e9rida, Yucat\u00e1n on 7 December 1935) is a Mexican musician, singer, and composer of Maya descent, widely considered the premier Mexican romantic composer of the postwar era and one of the most successful composers of Latin America. He received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in United States in 2014. He is the current president of the Mexican Society of Authors and Composers (Sociedad de Autores y Compositores de M\u00e9xico).", "Q254760": "Rebecca Pitcher (born March 21, 1972) is an American musical theatre actress. She is primarily known for her role as Christine in the Broadway adaptation of The Phantom of the Opera.", "Q90012": "Arthur Heinrich Ludwig Zarden (27 April 1885 in Hamburg \u2013 18 January 1944 in Berlin) was a leading personality in German tax legislation and for a short time State Secretary in the Reich Finance Ministry.", "Q149789": "A limited liability company (LLC) is the US-specific form of a private limited company. It is a business structure that can combine the pass-through taxation of a partnership or sole proprietorship with the limited liability of a corporation. An LLC is not a corporation under state law; it is a legal form of a company that provides limited liability to its owners in many jurisdictions. LLCs are well known for the flexibility that they provide to business owners; depending on the situation, an LLC may elect to use corporate tax rules instead of being treated as a partnership, and, under certain circumstances, LLCs may be organized as not-for-profit. In certain U.S. states (for example, Texas), businesses that provide professional services requiring a state professional license, such as legal or medical services, may not be allowed to form an LLC but may be required to form a similar entity called a professional limited liability company (PLLC).A limited liability company (LLC) is a hybrid legal entity having certain characteristics of both a corporation and a partnership or sole proprietorship (depending on how many owners there are). An LLC is a type of unincorporated association distinct from a corporation. The primary characteristic an LLC shares with a corporation is limited liability, and the primary characteristic it shares with a partnership is the availability of pass-through income taxation. As a business entity, an LLC is often more flexible than a corporation and may be well-suited for companies with a single owner.Although LLCs and corporations both possess some analogous features, the basic terminology commonly associated with each type of legal entity, at least within the United States, is sometimes different. When an LLC is formed, it is said to be \"organized,\u201d not \"incorporated\" or \"chartered,\u201d and its founding document is likewise known as its \"articles of organization,\" instead of its \"articles of incorporation\" or its \"corporate charter.\u201d Internal operations of an LLC are further governed by its \"operating agreement,\" rather than its \"bylaws.\" The owner of beneficial rights in an LLC is known as a \"member,\" rather than a \"shareholder.\u201d Additionally, ownership in an LLC is represented by a \"membership interest\" or an \"LLC interest\" (sometimes measured in \"membership units\" or just \"units\" and at other times simply stated only as percentages), rather than represented by \"shares of stock\" or just \"shares\" (with ownership measured by the number of shares held by each shareholder). Similarly, when issued in physical rather than electronic form, a document evidencing ownership rights in an LLC is called a \"membership certificate\" rather than a \"stock certificate\".In the absence of express statutory guidance, most American courts have held that LLC members are subject to the same common law alter ego piercing theories as corporate shareholders. However, it is more difficult to pierce the LLC veil because LLCs do not have many formalities to maintain. As long as the LLC and the members do not commingle funds, it is difficult to pierce the LLC veil. Membership interests in LLCs and partnership interests are also afforded a significant level of protection through the charging order mechanism. The charging order limits the creditor of a debtor-partner or a debtor-member to the debtor's share of distributions, without conferring on the creditor any voting or management rights.Limited liability company members may, in certain circumstances, also incur a personal liability in cases where distributions to members render the LLC insolvent.", "Q86670": "Otto Bickenbach (* 11 March 1901 in Ruppichteroth in the Rhineland, \u2020 26 November 1971 in Siegburg) was a German internist and professor at the University of Strasbourg. He joined the Nazi Party on 1 May 1933. Between June and August 1943 in the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp, Bickenbach and his assistant, Helmut R\u00fchl, conducted a series of tests by poisonous gas in gas chamber experiments with phosgene. More than 50 prisoners, mainly gypsies transferred for medical experiments from Auschwitz, were murdered in the course of these experiments.", "Q669170": "H\u00e4mikon is a municipality in the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 it became part of the municipality of Hitzkirch.", "Q1209662": "Richard Eugene Glasser (December 8, 1933 \u2013 July 10, 2000) was a singer, songwriter, and record producer.", "Q320793": "Steve Barton (June 26, 1954 \u2013 July 21, 2001) was an American actor, singer, dancer, teacher, choreographer and stage director, who found success in many English and German language productions.", "Q1664645": "The Scary Guy (sometimes stylized THE SCARY GUY) (born (1953-12-29)December 29, 1953) is a United Kingdom-based American motivational speaker who campaigns worldwide to eliminate hate, violence, prejudice, and bullying in schools and corporations. In addition to being a tattoo shop owner, comic, entertainer, inspirational speaker, and performance artist, The Scary Guy has pierced nose, eyebrows, and ears and covers over 85 percent of his body with tattoos.", "Q66278313": "Jammu and Kashmir is a region administered by India as a union territory, and constituting the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947, and between India and China since 1962. The region of Jammu and Kashmir is separated by the Line of Control from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north respectively. It lies to the north of the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and to the west of Ladakh, which is also subject to the dispute as a part of Kashmir, and administered by India as a union territory.\nProvisions for the formation of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir were contained within the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, which was passed by both houses of the Parliament of India in August 2019. The act re-constituted the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir as two union territories, 'Jammu and Kashmir' and 'Ladakh', with effect from 31 October 2019.", "Q234094": "Chiaki Kuriyama (\u6817\u5c71 \u5343\u660e, Kuriyama Chiaki, born October 10, 1984) is a Japanese actress, singer, and model. She is best known in the West for her roles as Takako Chigusa in Kinji Fukasaku's 2000 film Battle Royale and Gogo Yubari in Quentin Tarantino's 2003 film Kill Bill: Volume 1.", "Q457032": "Viktoria Winge (born 5 March 1980) is a Norwegian actress. She is the daughter of actor and director Stein Winge and actress and singer Kari Onstad.\n\n", "Q214344": "Ko\u010dani (Macedonian: \u041a\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438 [\u02c8k\u0254t\u0283ani] (listen)) is a town in the eastern part of North Macedonia, 120 kilometres (75 mi) from Skopje. It has a population of 38,092 and is the seat of the Ko\u010dani Municipality", "Q88885": "Roland Gewalt (born April 2, 1958 in Berlin) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2005 until 2009. He has been a member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany since 1980, which is affiliated with the Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) and European Democrats in the European Parliament. During his time in parliament, he was a member of the Committee on Transport and Tourism and the delegation for relations with South Africa. He was also a substitute for the Committee on Legal Affairs and the delegation to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly.\n\n", "Q55428": "Neil Patrick Jordan (born 25 February 1950) is an Irish film director, screenwriter, novelist and short-story writer. His first book, Night in Tunisia, won a Somerset Maugham Award and the Guardian Fiction Prize in 1979. He won an Academy Award (Best Original Screenplay) for The Crying Game (1992). He has also won three Irish Film and Television Awards, as well as the Silver Bear for Best Director at the Berlin International Film Festival for The Butcher Boy (1997).Jordan also created The Borgias (2011 TV series) for Showtime.", "Q6625": "The commune of Agen (French: [a\u0292\u025b\u0303], Occitan: [a\u02c8d\u0292en]) is the prefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It lies on the river Garonne 135 kilometres (84 miles) southeast of Bordeaux.\n\n", "Q99036": "Kristian Kiehling (born 17 September 1976) is a German television, film and stage actor and filmmaker. In Germany he is known for Autobahnraser (2004), Tsunami (2005) and Verbotene Liebe (2013), in Britain for All the Small Things (2009) and Will (2011). In January 2014, Kiehling became a regular in the British soap opera, EastEnders, playing Aleks Shirovs, he left the show in 2015 due to a contractual dispute at the time it was due to be renewed. His directorial debut Chronicle of a Summer in Europe was premiered as the documentary centerpiece at the lighthouse international film festival 2016.", "Q1770624": "Kylie Kristen Jenner (born August 10, 1997) is an American media personality. She has starred in the E! reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians since 2007 and is the founder and owner of cosmetic company Kylie Cosmetics.\nAt age 14 in 2012, she collaborated with the clothing brand PacSun, along with her sister Kendall, and created a line of clothing, \"Kendall & Kylie\". In 2015, Jenner launched her own cosmetics line called Kylie Lip Kits, which was renamed to Kylie Cosmetics the following year. She also released a mobile app that reached number one on the iTunes App Store.In 2014 and 2015, Time magazine listed the Jenner sisters on their list of the most influential teens in the world, citing their considerable influence among youth on social media. As of November 2019, with over 150 million followers, she is one of the most followed people on Instagram. In 2017, Jenner was placed on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list, making her the youngest person to be featured on the list. Jenner starred on her own spin-off series, Life of Kylie, which premiered on E! on August 6, 2017.According to Forbes magazine, Jenner's net worth is estimated at US$1 billion, making her, at age 21, the world's youngest billionaire as of March 2019. However, the notion of Jenner being self-made is a subject of controversy, owing to her privileged background. In November 2018, New York Post credited her for being the most influential celebrity in the fashion industry.", "Q744948": "New Rochelle is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States, in the southeastern portion of the state. In 2010, the city had a population of 77,062, making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York.", "Q242664": "Katherine Kelly Lang (born Katherine Kelly Wegeman; July 25, 1961) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Brooke Logan in the CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful for the CBS Daytime programming block.", "Q2142823": "Thierry Breton (born 15 January 1955 in Paris) is a French businessman and politician who has been serving as the European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services since 2019. He previously was a professor at Harvard Business School and a Finance minister of France. In the private sector, he has been vice-chairman and CEO of Groupe Bull, Chairman and CEO of Thomson-RCA (1997\u20132002), Chairman and CEO of France T\u00e9l\u00e9com (2002\u20132005). An Honorary Chairman of both Thomson and France Telecom, he most recently Chairman and CEO of international information technology services company Atos from 2008 until 2019.He was from 2005 to 2007 the French Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry in the governments of Prime Ministers Jean-Pierre Raffarin and Dominique de Villepin, during the presidency of Jacques Chirac.", "Q87208": "Professor Dr. Ernst D\u00e9csey (13 April 1870 \u2013 12 March 1941), was an Austrian author and music critic.", "Q100389": "Dr. Paul Wengert (born November 18, 1952 in Ellwangen) was the mayor of F\u00fcssen (1990-2002). From 2002-2008 he was the Mayor of Augsburg in the state of Bavaria in Germany. Since 2008 he is a member of the Landtag of Bavaria. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party.\nIn 2006 he was one of the finalists for World Mayor and finished in sixth place.", "Q1396630": "Sir Peter Henry Buck (ca. October 1877 \u2013 1 December 1951), also known as Te Rangi H\u012broa or Te Rangih\u012broa, was a New Zealand doctor, military leader, health administrator, politician, anthropologist and museum director. He was a prominent member of Ng\u0101ti Mutunga, his mother's M\u0101ori iwi.", "Q591115": "The University of Haifa (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05e1\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea \u05d7\u05d9\u05e4\u05d4\u200e) is a university located on Mount Carmel in Haifa. Founded in 1963, the University of Haifa received full academic accreditation in 1972, becoming Israel's sixth academic institution and the fourth university. The university has the largest university library in Israel. As of 2019, approximately 18,000 students were enrolled at the University of Haifa. Among Israeli higher education institutions the University of Haifa has the largest percentage (41%) of Israeli Arab students.\n\n", "Q98328": "Waldemar von Wasielewski (10 December 1875 \u2013 28 February 1959) was a German writer who specialized in the occult, Goethe research, and the history of music.", "Q12005": "Manuel Cisneros S\u00e1nchez (1 November 1904 \u2013 14 September 1971) served as Prime Minister of Peru for two terms and also initiated the Pradist Democratic Movement.", "Q481474": "Rodolfo Amedeo Lanciani (1 January 1845 \u2013 22 May 1929) was an Italian archaeologist, a pioneering student of ancient Roman topography, and among his many excavations was that of the House of the Vestals in the Roman Forum.Lanciani earned LL.D. degrees from Aberdeen, Glasgow, and Harvard and a Ph.D. degree from W\u00fcrzburg.", "Q380243": "Ivan Mikhaylovich Sechenov (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0435\u0301\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432; August 13 [O.S. August 1] 1829, Tyoply Stan (now Sechenovo) near Simbirsk, Russia \u2013 November 15 [O.S. November 2] 1905, Moscow), was a Russian physiologist. Ivan Pavlov referred to him as the \"Father of Russian physiology and scientific psychology\". Sechenov is also considered one of the originators of objective psychology.Sechenov authored the classic, Reflexes of the Brain, introducing electrophysiology and neurophysiology into laboratories and teaching of medicine. He is also recognized as one of the three scholars - along with John B. Watson and Jean Piaget - who independently arrived at the conclusion that the activities that serve as elements of thinking are internalized or \"fractional\" versions of motor responses.", "Q1936526": "Rasmus Malling-Hansen (5 September 1835 \u2013 27 September 1890) was a Danish inventor, minister and principal at the Royal Institute for the Deaf.", "Q876461": "Eliot Hamilton Fisk (born August 10, 1954) is an American classical guitarist.", "Q40025": "Friedrich\u2013Alexander University Erlangen\u2013N\u00fcrnberg (German: Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, FAU) is a public research university in the cities of Erlangen and Nuremberg in Bavaria, Germany. The name Friedrich\u2013Alexander comes from the university's first founder Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, and its benefactor Christian Frederick Charles Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.FAU is the second largest state university in the state of Bavaria. It has 5 faculties, 24 departments/schools, 25 clinical departments, 21 autonomous departments, 579 professors, 3,457 members of research staff and roughly 14,300 employees.In winter semester 2018/19 around 38,771 students (including 5,096 foreign students) enrolled in the university in 265 fields of study, with about 2/3 studying at the Erlangen campus and the remaining 1/3 at the Nuremberg campus. These statistics put FAU in the list of top 10 largest universities in Germany.In 2018, 7,390 students graduated from the university and 840 doctorates and 55 post-doctoral theses were registered. Moreover, FAU received 201 million Euro (2018) external funding in the same year, making it one of the strongest third-party funded universities in Germany.FAU is also a member of DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) and the Top Industrial Managers for Europe network.", "Q20909": "\"The Cage\" is the first pilot episode of the American television series Star Trek. It was completed in early 1965 (with a copyright date of 1964). The episode was written by Gene Roddenberry and directed by Robert Butler. It was rejected by NBC in February 1965, and the network ordered another pilot episode, which became \"Where No Man Has Gone Before\". Most of the original footage from \"The Cage\" was later incorporated into the season 1 two-parter episode \"The Menagerie\" (1966). \"The Cage\" was first released to the public in VHS in 1986, with a special introduction by Gene Roddenberry, and was not broadcast on television in its complete form until 1988.", "Q726673": "The Swedish-speaking population of Finland (whose members are often called Swedish-speaking Finns, Finland-Swedes, Finland Swedes, Finnish Swedes, or Swedes of Finland\u2014see below; Swedish: finlandssvenskar; Finnish: suomenruotsalaiset; the term Swedo-Finnish\u2014Swedish: finlandssvensk; Finnish: suomenruotsalainen\u2014can be used as an attribute) is a linguistic minority in Finland. They maintain a strong identity and are seen either as a separate ethnic group, while still being Finns, or as a distinct nationality. They speak Finland Swedish, which encompasses both a standard language and distinct dialects that are mutually intelligible with the dialects spoken in Sweden and, to a lesser extent, other Scandinavian languages.\nAccording to Statistics Finland, Swedish is the mother tongue of about 270,000 people in mainland Finland and of about 25,000 people in \u00c5land, a self-governing archipelago of islands off the west coast of Finland, where Swedish speakers constitute a majority. Swedish-speakers comprise 5.2% of the total Finnish population or about 4.9% without \u00c5land. The proportion has been steadily diminishing since the early 19th century, when Swedish was the mother tongue of approximately 15% of the population and considered a prestige language. According to a statistical analysis made by Fjalar Finn\u00e4s, the population of the minority group is today stable, and may even be increasing slightly in total numbers since more parents from bilingual families tend to register their children as Swedish speakers. It is estimated that 70% of bilingual families\u2014that is, ones with one parent Finnish-speaking and the other Swedish-speaking\u2014register their children as Swedish-speaking.", "Q344567": "Robert Alan Morrow (born September 21, 1962) is an American actor and director. He is known for his portrayal of Dr. Joel Fleischman on Northern Exposure, a role that garnered him three Golden Globe and two Emmy nominations for Best Actor in a Dramatic Series, and later for his role as FBI agent Don Eppes on Numb3rs.", "Q2319135": "Diva Muffin Zappa (born July 30, 1979) is an American artist, also known for several acting roles in film and television, as well as recording a one-off comedy single. She is the youngest child of Gail Zappa and musician Frank Zappa.", "Q103680": "Bernhard Mann (born in Stuttgart, Germany, 3 December 1950) is a Social Scientist and Master of Public Health, Professor emeritus of Health and Social Management at the FHM Bielefeld - University of Applied Sciences, former Professor of Health Management and Vice-President at the University of Applied Sciences Bamberg, Adjunct Professor of Public Health, Social Medicine and Sociology at the University of Koblenz-Landau, at the Berlin School of Public Health - Charit\u00e9, Medical University, at several Universities of Educational Cooperation as well as of Applied Sciences like in Bochum, Duesseldorf, Essen, Koeln and Wuppertal. He is Public-Health-Coordinator of the german program at the IESS - Institut Europ\u00e9en des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 Casablanca, Maroc.", "Q4104520": "Anatoli Ilych Vasiliev (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432; 18 March 1917 \u2013 June 4, 1994) was a Russian and Soviet realist painter, who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 named as the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), and regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his historical paintings and etudes done from nature.\n\n", "Q508522": "Hiratsuka Raich\u014d (\u5e73\u585a \u3089\u3044\u3061\u3087\u3046, transliterated \u3089\u3044\u3066\u3046 according to the historical kana orthography, February 10, 1886 \u2013 May 24, 1971) was a writer, journalist, political activist, anarchist and pioneering Japanese feminist.\n\n", "Q333937": "Michael Andrew Gove (; born Graeme Andrew Logan; 26 August 1967) is a British Conservative politician who has been Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster since July 2019 and Minister for the Cabinet Office since February 2020. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Surrey Heath since 2005. Gove served in the Cameron governments as Secretary of State for Education from 2010 to 2014 and Secretary of State for Justice from 2015 to 2016, and in the second May government as Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. He has twice run to become Leader of the Conservative Party, in 2016 and 2019, finishing in third place on both occasions.Gove began a career as an author and journalist for The Times before entering the House of Commons. He was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet by David Cameron in 2007 as Shadow Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families. As Education Secretary, the National Association of Head Teachers Association of Teachers and Lecturers, National Union of Teachers and NASUWT passed motions of no confidence in Gove's policies at their conferences in 2013.In a 2014 Cabinet reshuffle, Gove was moved to the post of Chief Whip. Following the 2015 election, Gove was promoted to the office of Justice Secretary and Lord Chancellor. In 2016, Gove played a major role in the UK's referendum on EU membership as the co-convenor of Vote Leave. Along with fellow Conservative MP Boris Johnson, Gove was seen as one of the most prominent figures of the Vote Leave campaign.On 30 June 2016, Gove, who was campaign manager for Boris Johnson's leadership bid to become Prime Minister, withdrew his support on the morning that Johnson was due to declare, and announced his own candidacy in the leadership election. Following Theresa May\u2019s appointment as Prime Minister he was sacked from the Cabinet; however, following the 2017 general election he was appointed Environment Secretary.Gove launched another Conservative Party leadership bid in 2019 although eventually came third behind Johnson and Jeremy Hunt. Upon the appointment of Johnson as Prime Minister, Gove was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, with responsibilities including preparations for a no-deal Brexit. He took on the additional role of Minister for the Cabinet Office in the cabinet reshuffle post-Brexit.", "Q49767": "Fran\u00e7ois-Ren\u00e9, vicomte de Chateaubriand (1768\u20131848) was a French writer, politician, diplomat and historian who founded Romanticism in French literature. Descended from an old aristocratic family from Brittany, Chateaubriand was a royalist by political disposition. In an age when a number of intellectuals turned against the Church, he authored the G\u00e9nie du christianisme in defense of the Catholic faith. His works include the autobiography M\u00e9moires d'Outre-Tombe (\"Memoirs from Beyond the Grave\"), published posthumously in 1849\u20131850.\nHistorian Peter Gay says that Chateaubriand saw himself as the greatest lover, the greatest writer, and the greatest philosopher of his age. Gay states that Chateaubriand \"dominated the literary scene in France in the first half of the nineteenth century\".", "Q77851": "Wilhelm Hausenstein (17 June 1882 \u2013 3 June 1957) was a German politician, writer, journalist, art critic, historian and diplomat. He was the first German ambassador to France following World War II.Hausenstein was born in Hornberg, and after attending the gymnasium in Karlsruhe, he studied in Heidelberg, T\u00fcbingen and Munich. After divorcing his first wife Marga, he married in 1919 the Jewish widow Margot Kohn (1890-1997).\nWilhelm Hausenstein worked at the Frankfurter Zeitung until it was banned by the Nazis in 1943.", "Q3985": "Herten is a town and a municipality in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated in the industrial Ruhr Area, some 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Recklinghausen.\nHerten was the seat of the governors of the County of Vest Recklinghausen, an autonomous state within the Archbishopric of Cologne.\nIts best known sights are the moated red brick castle of Schloss Herten, dating back to the 14th century, and the \"altes Dorf Westerholt\" (Westerholt old village) with its many historic half-timbered houses.", "Q662743": "Alain Lipietz (born September 19, 1947 as Alain Guy Lipiec) is a French engineer, economist and politician, a former Member of the European Parliament, and a member of the French Green Party. He has, however, been suspended from the party since 25 March 2014 and is an elected local politician in Val de Bi\u00e8vre, Paris, France.", "Q292135": "Martha Ivelisse Pesante Rodr\u00edguez (born March 4, 1972), known professionally as Ivy Queen, is a Puerto Rican singer, songwriter, rapper, actress and record producer. She first gained attention as a member of the Noise in Puerto Rico. There, she performed her first song \"Somos Raperos Pero No Delincuentes\" (We are Rappers, Not Delinquents). Queen went solo in 1996, and released her debut studio album En Mi Imperio (In My Empire) which was quickly picked up by Sony Discos for distribution in 1997.\nShe later released The Original Rude Girl, her second studio album for Sony label, which spawned the hit single \"In the Zone\". However, Ivy Queen did not rise to fame until she moved to an independent record label to release her third studio album, Diva in 2003. Queen's albums Diva, Flashback, and Sentimiento have all been awarded Gold and Platinum record status by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Her seventh studio album Drama Queen was released in 2010, and spawned a top ten single \"La Vida es As\u00ed\". It was followed by the Grammy Award-nominated Musa in 2012. Queen's recordings often include themes of female empowerment, infidelity, and relationships, and she is often referred to as the Queen of Reggaeton.\nQueen has also ventured into acting, has been involved with an anti-cancer charity, and has launched a doll modeled on her appearance. In February 2012, she made her acting debut in Eve Ensler's play The Vagina Monologues.\nIvy Queen is one of the wealthiest reggaeton artists and had a net worth of $10 million in 2017.", "Q103858": "Reinhold Beckmann (born 23 February 1956 in Twistringen, Lower Saxony) is a German journalist and presenter.", "Q443721": "Patricia Eva \"Bonnie\" Pointer (born July 11, 1950) is an American singer, most notable for being a member of the Grammy Award\u2013winning vocal group, The Pointer Sisters. Pointer scored several moderate solo hits after leaving the Pointers in 1977, including a disco cover of The Elgins' \"Heaven Must Have Sent You\" which became a U.S. top 20 pop hit on September 1, 1979.", "Q144520": "Kurt Wiese (April 22, 1887 \u2013 May 27, 1974) was a German-born book illustrator. Wiese wrote and illustrated 20 children's books and illustrated another 300 for other authors.\n\n", "Q261056": "Aimee Mullins (born July 20, 1975) is an American athlete, actress, and fashion model. She was born with a medical condition that resulted in the amputation of both of her lower legs. She competed against able-bodied athletes in National Collegiate Athletic Association events, and competed in the Paralympics in 1996 in Atlanta. In 1999 she began modeling, and in 2002 she began an acting career.", "Q1331302": "Elizabeth Price (born 6 November 1966) is a British artist who won the Turner Prize in 2012. She is a former member of indie pop bands Talulah Gosh and The Carousel.", "Q61000": "Karl Eberhard Sch\u00f6ngarth (22 April 1903 \u2013 16 May 1946) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. He was a war criminal who perpetrated mass murder and genocide in German occupied Poland during the Holocaust.", "Q58681": "Oskar Paul Dirlewanger (26 September 1895 \u2013 c.\u20097 June 1945) was a German military officer (SS-Oberf\u00fchrer) and war criminal who served as the founder and commander of the Nazi SS penal unit \"Dirlewanger\" during World War II. Serving in Poland and in Belarus, his name is closely linked to some of the most notorious crimes of the war. He also fought in World War I, the post-World War I conflicts, and the Spanish Civil War. He reportedly died after World War II while in Allied custody. According to Timothy Snyder, \"in all the theaters of the Second World War, few could compete in cruelty with Dirlewanger\".", "Q31637": "Jafar Pan\u00e2hi (Persian: \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u200e, [d\u0361\u0292\u00e6\u02c8f\u00e6\u027e p\u00e6\u02c8n\u0252\u02d0hi\u02d0]; born 11 July 1960) is an Iranian film director, screenwriter, and film editor, commonly associated with the Iranian New Wave film movement. After several years of making short films and working as an assistant director for fellow Iranian filmmaker Abbas Kiarostami, Panahi achieved international recognition with his feature film debut, The White Balloon (1995). The film won the Cam\u00e9ra d'Or at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival, the first major award an Iranian film won at Cannes.\nPanahi was quickly recognized as one of Iran's most influential filmmakers. His films were often banned in Iran, but he continued to receive international acclaim from film theorists and critics and won numerous awards, including the Golden Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival for The Mirror (1997), the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival for The Circle (2000), and the Silver Bear at the Berlin Film Festival for Offside (2006). His films are known for their humanistic perspective on life in Iran, often focusing on the hardships of children, the impoverished, and women. Hamid Dabashi has written, \"Panahi does not do as he is told\u2014in fact he has made a successful career in not doing as he is told.\"After several years of conflict with the Iranian government over the content of his films (including several short-term arrests), Panahi was arrested in March 2010 along with his wife, daughter, and 15 friends, and later charged with propaganda against the Iranian government. Despite support from filmmakers, film organizations, and human rights organizations around the world, in December 2010 Panahi was sentenced to six years in prison and a 20-year ban on directing any movies, writing screenplays, giving interviews with Iranian or foreign media, or leaving the country except for medical treatment or making the Hajj pilgrimage. While awaiting the result of an appeal he made This Is Not a Film (2011), a documentary feature in the form of a video diary. It was smuggled out of Iran on a flash drive hidden inside a cake and shown at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. In February 2013 the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival showed Closed Curtain (Pard\u00e9) by Panahi and Kambuzia Partovi in competition; Panahi won the Silver Bear for Best Script. Panahi's subsequent film Taxi also premiered in competition at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2015 and won the Golden Bear, the prize awarded for the best film in the festival. In 2018 he won the Cannes film festival Award for Best Screenplay (tied) for 3 Faces; he was unable to leave Iran to attend the festival, so his daughter, Solmaz Panahi, read his statement and received the award on his behalf.", "Q268714": "Leigh-Allyn Baker (born March 13, 1972) is an American actress and voice artist. She had recurring roles on Charmed and as Ellen on Will & Grace, and a starring role as the matriarch Amy Duncan on the Disney Channel sitcom Good Luck Charlie. She also provided the voice of Abby on the Nickelodeon computer animated series Back at the Barnyard.", "Q104104": "Sir Andre Konstantin Geim (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0435\u0439\u043c), FRS, HonFRSC, HonFInstP (born 21 October 1958) is a Russian-born Dutch-British physicist working in England in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester.Geim was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Konstantin Novoselov for his work on graphene. He is Regius Professor of Physics and Royal Society Research Professor at the National Graphene Institute. Sir Andre Geim had also been awarded an Ig Nobel Prize earlier in 2000 for levitating a frog using its intrinsic magnetism. He is the only individual, as of 2020, to have received both Nobel and Ig Nobel prizes.", "Q706548": "Bernard John Ebbers (August 27, 1941 \u2013 February 2, 2020) was a Canadian businessman, the co-founder and CEO of WorldCom and a convicted fraudster. Under his management, WorldCom grew rapidly but collapsed in 2002 amid revelations of accounting irregularities, making it at the time one of the largest accounting scandals in the United States. Ebbers blamed his subordinates but was convicted of fraud and conspiracy. In December 2019, Ebbers was released from Federal Medical Center, Fort Worth due to declining health, having served 13 years of his 25-year sentence, and he died just over a month later.\nIn 2013, Portfolio.com and CNBC named Ebbers as the 5th-worst CEO in American history. In 2009, Time named him the 10th most corrupt CEO of all time.Dubbed the \"Telecom Cowboy,\" Ebbers often wore boots and blue jeans instead of the typical corporate uniform of a suit and tie. He also lived on a farm and loved to drive a tractor.", "Q272994": "Isabelle Collin Dufresne (stage name Ultra Violet; 6 September 1935 \u2013 14 June 2014) was a French-American artist, author, and both a colleague of Andy Warhol and one of the pop artist's so-called superstars. Earlier in her career, she worked for and studied with surrealist artist Salvador Dal\u00ed. Dufresne lived and worked in New York City, and also had a studio in Nice, France.", "Q6816": "Ulan-Ude (Buryat: \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d-\u04ae\u0434\u044d, Ulaan-\u00dcde, [\u0294\u028a\u02c8la\u02d1\u0274 \u0294\u0289\u02ccd\u0259]; Russian: \u0423\u043b\u0430\u043d-\u0423\u0434\u044d, IPA: [\u028a\u02c8lan \u028a\u02c8d\u025b]; Mongolian: \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0430\u043d-\u04ae\u0434, Ulaan-\u00dcd, [\u0294\u028a\u02c8\u026ea\u02d1\u0274 \u02cc\u0294\u0289t(t\u0259)]) is the capital city of the Republic of Buryatia, Russia; it is located about 100 kilometers (62 mi) southeast of Lake Baikal on the Uda River at its confluence with the Selenga. According to the 2010 Census, 404,426 people lived in Ulan-Ude; up from 359,391 recorded in the 2002 Census, making the city the third-largest in the Russian Far East by population.\nIt was previously known as Udinsk (until 1783), Verkhneudinsk (until July 27, 1934).", "Q64178": "Maienfeld is a municipality in the Landquart Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. It is a tourist destination in the Alps, both because of the local wine and because it was the setting of the story Heidi.", "Q63617": "Karl Wilhelm Ramler (25 February 1725 \u2013 11 April 1798) was a German poet.\nRamler was born in Kolberg. After graduating from the University of Halle, he went to Berlin, where, in 1748, he was appointed professor of logic and literature at the cadet school. In 1786 he became associated with the author, Johann Jakob Engel, in the management of the royal theatre, of which, after resigning his professorship, he became sole director from 1790-96. He died in Berlin and his memorial is to be seen on the exterior wall of the city's Sophienkirche.", "Q4002810": "Ugo Gobbato (Volpago del Montello, 16 July 1888 \u2013 Milan, 28 April 1945) was an Italian engineer and Managing Director of Alfa Romeo 1933 to 1945.\nHe studied in Germany where he graduated in mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Zwickau in Saxony. After having fulfilled his military service between 1915 and 1918, he was hired to Fiat becoming the first director of the Lingotto factory. From 1929 to 1931, followed by the construction Fiat factories in Germany and Spain and again in 1931, by direct appointment of Fiat founder and senator Giovanni Agnelli (1866\u20131945), he was entrusted with the construction of the factory in Moscow, a city where he lived for over two years.\nHe was back in Italy in 1933, and the government and the Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (IRI) gave him the task of reorganizing Alfa Romeo which was facing bankruptcy. From 1938 he directed the development of a new factory in Alfa Romeo Pomigliano d'Arco plant outside Naples, bombed in 1943. Back in Milan, he led the company until he was assassinated in Milan on 28 April 1945, immediately after the war. He was followed as Alfa director by Pasquale Gallo (1887\u20131982).\nUgo married in 1916 to Dianella and was the father of racing driver Pier Ugo Gobbato (1918\u20132008).", "Q308792": "Patrick Nicolas Jean Sixte Ghislain Bauchau (born 6 December 1938) is a Belgian actor best known for his role as Scarpine in the 1985 James Bond movie, A View to a Kill; Sydney (Jarod's mentor) in the TV series The Pretender; and Doctor Rowan Chase, Doctor Robert Chase's estranged father in the TV series, House.", "Q328442": "Santa Claus Conquers the Martians is a 1964 American science fiction comedy film directed by Nicholas Webster, produced and written by Paul L. Jacobson, based on a story by Glenville Mareth, that stars John Call as Santa Claus. It also features an eight-year-old Pia Zadora as one of the Martian children. \nThe film also marks the first documented appearance of Mrs. Claus in a motion picture (Doris Rich plays the role), coming three weeks before the television special Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, which also featured Mrs. Claus. \nThe film regularly appears on lists of the worst films ever made, is regularly featured in the \"bottom 100\" list on the Internet Movie Database, and was featured in an episode of the syndicated series of the Canned Film Festival of 1986. Santa Claus Conquers the Martians took on newfound fame in the 1990s after being featured on an episode of the comedy series Mystery Science Theater 3000. \nThat episode became a holiday staple on the Comedy Central cable channel in the years following its premiere of 1991. It has since found new life again, as it has been the subject of new riffing by Cinematic Titanic and RiffTrax, both productions of former MST3K writers and performers. The film was also featured on Elvira's Movie Macabre.\n\n", "Q116500": "Hans Kaufmann (born 13 June 1948) is a Swiss politician, member of the Swiss National Council and business consultant. He was born in Ettiswil.\n\n", "Q329984": "\u00dabeda (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8u\u03b2e\u00f0a]; from Iberian Ibiut) is a town in the province of Ja\u00e9n in Spain's autonomous community of Andalusia, with 34,733 (data 2017) inhabitants. Both this city and the neighbouring city of Baeza benefited from extensive patronage in the early 16th century resulting in the construction of a series of Renaissance style palaces and churches, which have been preserved ever since. In 2003, UNESCO declared the historic cores and monuments of these two towns a World Heritage Site.", "Q618004": "Chad Bromley (born March 8, 1979), better known by his stage name Apathy (formerly \"The Alien Tongue\"), is a rapper and producer from Willimantic, Connecticut.His first major release was his debut album; Eastern Philosophy in March 2006 with guest appearances from Celph Titled, Ryu, and Blue Raspberry. His second album Wanna Snuggle? was released in 2009 and his third studio album Honkey Kong was released in 2011, both to critical acclaim. His fourth studio album, Connecticut Casual was released on June 3, 2014 and reached #41 in the R&B/Hip Hop Albums charts.Apathy is known for his frequent collaborations with other MCs and groups such as Demigodz, Celph Titled, Doe Rakers, Jedi Mind Tricks, Army of the Pharaohs, Styles of Beyond, and the Get Busy Committee.", "Q983167": "Micha\u0142 Czajkowski (Ukrainian: Mykhailo Chaikovsky; 29 September 1804 \u2013 18 January 1886), also known in Turkey as Mehmet Sadyk Pasha (Turkish: Mehmet Sad\u0131k Pa\u015fa), was a Polish writer and political \u00e9migr\u00e9 of distant Cossack heritage who worked both for the resurrection of Poland and also for the reestablishment of a Cossack state.", "Q12950": "Alain \u00c9mile Louis Marie Poher (French: [al\u025b\u0303 p\u0254\u025b\u0281]; 17 April 1909 \u2013 9 December 1996) was a French centrist politician, affiliated first with the Popular Republican Movement and later with the Democratic Centre. He served as a Senator for Val-de-Marne from 1946 to 1995. He was President of the Senate from 3 October 1968 to 1 October 1992 and, in that capacity, served twice as the country's interim president. A leading candidate in the 1969 presidential election, he was defeated by Georges Pompidou in the second round.", "Q65500": "Horrenbach-Buchen is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q193278": "Clarence Leroy \"Lee\" Van Cleef Jr. (January 9, 1925 \u2013 December 16, 1989) was an American actor best known for his roles in Spaghetti Westerns such as For A Few Dollars More and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. He declined to have his nose altered to play a sympathetic character in his film debut, High Noon, and was relegated to a non-speaking outlaw as a result. For a decade he was typecast as a minor villain, his \"sinister\" features overshadowing his acting skills. After suffering serious injuries in a car crash, Van Cleef had begun to lose interest in his declining career by the time Sergio Leone gave him a major role in For a Few Dollars More. The film made him a box-office draw, especially in Europe.", "Q96488": "Alexander Hermann Graf von Wartensleben (16 December 1650 in Bad Lippspringe \u2013 26 January 1734 in Berlin) was an officer in the armies of various German states, a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall and a member of the Cabinet of Three Counts with August David zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein and Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg - due to their heavy taxation, this was also known as the \"three great W(oes)\" of Prussia (Wartenberg, Wartensleben, Wittgenstein).", "Q918347": "Daniel Ray Ainge (born March 17, 1959) is an American basketball executive and former professional basketball and baseball player. Ainge is currently the general manager and President of Basketball Operations for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA).\nAinge was an outstanding high school athlete. At Brigham Young University, he was named national basketball college player of the year and won the John R. Wooden Award for the most outstanding male college basketball player. While in college, Ainge also played parts of three seasons with the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball (MLB), mostly as a second baseman. He was then drafted into the NBA by the Celtics. Ainge completed 14 seasons, playing for the Celtics, Portland Trail Blazers, Sacramento Kings and Phoenix Suns, primarily as a shooting guard. He went on to coach the Suns for three seasons before joining management of the Celtics, with whom Ainge has three NBA Championships to his credit (two as a player, one as President/GM).\nHe is the only person to be named a high school first team All-American in American football, basketball, and baseball.", "Q12788": "Val-de-Marne (French pronunciation: \u200b[val d\u0259 ma\u0281n], \"Valley of the Marne\") is a French department, named after the Marne River, located in the \u00cele-de-France region. The department is situated to the southeast of the city of Paris and in the Grand Paris.", "Q264648": "Geraldine McEwan (born Geraldine McKeown; 9 May 1932 \u2013 30 January 2015) was an English actress, who had a long career in theatre, television and film. Michael Coveney described her, in a tribute article, as \"a great comic stylist, with a syrupy, seductive voice and a forthright, sparkling manner\".On stage, McEwan was a five-time Olivier Award nominee, and twice won the Evening Standard Award for Best Actress; for The Rivals (1983) and The Way of the World (1995). She was also nominated for the 1998 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for The Chairs. She won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for the 1990 television serial Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit, and from 2004 to 2009, she starred as the Agatha Christie sleuth Miss Marple, in the ITV series Marple.", "Q97796": "David Gill (born 1966) is a German civil servant and politician, since October 2017 serving as German Consul General in New York. Previously, he had been Secretary of State and head of the Bundespr\u00e4sidialamt, the administration of the President of Germany. He was appointed on 19 March 2012 by President Joachim Gauck and stayed in office until February 2017. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.\nHe grew up in East Germany, where he initially studied theology, the only subject he was allowed to study. After the German reunification, he worked for the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records and became a close aide of Joachim Gauck, serving as his press secretary. In 1991, he was one of six individuals, one of them also being Gauck, who were awarded the Theodor Heuss medal by the Theodor Heuss Foundation, on behalf of the peaceful protesters of 1989 in then-East Germany.\nIn 1992, he left the Federal Commissioner's office to study law, and earned an LL.M. at the University of Pennsylvania in 1998. In 2000, he passed the second state examination, qualifying as a lawyer. He then worked as an adviser to the Federal Ministry of the Interior. From 2004, he worked for the Evangelical Church in Germany.Following Gauck's nomination for President of Germany, Gill became head of his transition team and the designated head of the Bundespr\u00e4sidialamt.. Gill was head of the Bundespr\u00e4sidialamt, in the rank of state secretary, until the end of Gauck's tenure in February 2017. His successor was Stephan Steinlein.He is married to Sheila Gill, an American. They have two daughters.", "Q377620": "Hugh Dillon (born May 31, 1963) is a Canadian musician and actor. He is the lead singer of the punk-influenced band Headstones. He is also a film and television actor; his notable roles include Mike Sweeney in Durham County and Ed Lane in Flashpoint.", "Q86843": "Bolko von Richthofen (September 13, 1899 \u2013 March 18, 1983) was a German archaeologist and a distant relative of the family of Manfred von Richthofen, the \"Red Baron\". He is sometimes confused with his distant cousin and namesake, Karl Bolko von Richthofen (1903\u20131971) \u2013 the youngest brother of the fighter ace.\nRichthofen was born in Mertsch\u00fctz (Polish Mierczyce), Silesia, and fought in World War I. After the war ended, he participated as a Freikorps volunteer during the Silesian Uprisings. In the early post-war period he entered tertiary studies and quickly became an eminent scholar.\nMember of the NSDAP from 1933, he wrote several antisemitic and anti-Slavic works. During World War II he worked in antisemitic organisation Ahnenerbe.\nHe is well known for a bitter dispute about the ethnicity of the Lusatian and Pomeranian cultures with the Polish archaeologist J\u00f3zef Kostrzewski.\nIn 1964 he received the Bundesverdienstkreuz. He died in Seehausen am Staffelsee, Bavaria.", "Q235361": "Voltairine de Cleyre (November 17, 1866 \u2013 June 20, 1912) was an American anarchist known for being a prolific writer and speaker who opposed state power, the capitalism she saw as interconnected with it, and marriage, and the domination of religion over sexuality and women's lives. She is often characterized as a major early feminist because of her views.Born and raised in small towns in Michigan and schooled in a Sarnia, Ontario Catholic convent, de Cleyre began her activist career in the freethought movement. She was initially drawn to individualist anarchism, but evolved through mutualism to what she called anarchism without adjectives, prioritizing a stateless society without the use of force above all else. She was a contemporary of Emma Goldman, with whom she maintained a relationship of respectful disagreement on many issues. Many of her essays were collected in the Selected Works of Voltairine de Cleyre, published posthumously in 1914 by Goldman's magazine Mother Earth.\n\n", "Q108058": "Contra Costa County is a county in the state of California in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,049,025. The county seat is Martinez. It occupies the northern portion of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, and is primarily suburban. The county's name is Spanish for \"opposite coast\", referring to its position on the other side of the bay from San Francisco. Contra Costa County is included in the San Francisco\u2013Oakland\u2013Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Q73362": "Benjamin Bratt (born December 16, 1963) is a Peruvian-American actor, producer, and activist. Bratt gained exposure through his supporting roles in the box office hits, Bright Angel (1990), Demolition Man (1993), Clear and Present Danger (1994) and The River Wild (1994). From 1995, he extended his global recognition with his role of NYPD Detective Rey Curtis on the NBC drama series Law & Order (for which he was nominated for the 1999 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series). \nIn 2000, Bratt played supporting roles in Miss Congeniality and Traffic, the former earned him a Blockbuster Entertainment award for Favourite Supporting Actor. In 2001, Bratt starred in Pi\u00f1ero, for which he received an ALMA Award for Outstanding Actor. He has also starred in The Great Raid (2005), La Mission (2009), and The Lesser Blessed (2012). Other notable live-action films of Bratt's include Catwoman (2004), The Woodsman (2004), Thumbsucker (2005), Trucker (2008), Snitch (2013), The Infiltrator (2016), and Ride Along 2 (2016). Bratt produced the film Dolores (2017) which follows the life of Dolores Huerta, the civil rights activist. The film received critical acclaim and received several awards.\nBratt has voiced roles in animated feature films, including Manny in Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009), its sequel (2013), El Macho in Despicable Me 2 (2013), Lor-Zod / Hernan Guerra / Superman in Justice League: Gods and Monsters (2015), and Ernesto de la Cruz in Coco (2017). On television, Bratt portrayed Dr. Jake Reilly on ABC's Private Practice (2011\u20132013), Steve Navarro on 24: Live Another Day (2014), Jahil Rivera on Star (2016\u20132018) and is set to star in the upcoming HBO series based on the DC comic series DMZ.\nBratt extended his global recognition with his role of Jonathan Pangborn in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in Doctor Strange in 2016. Bratt has received one Screen Actors Guild Award out of three nominations, four ALMA Awards, one Primetime Emmy Award nomination, and one Blockbuster Entertainment Award. He is an activist in the American Indian Movement.", "Q177854": "Lorenzo de' Medici (Italian pronunciation: [lo\u02c8r\u025bntso de \u02c8m\u025b\u02d0dit\u0283i], 1 January 1449 \u2013 8 April 1492) was an Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. Also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent (Lorenzo il Magnifico [lo\u02c8r\u025bntso il ma\u0272\u02c8\u0272i\u02d0fiko]) by contemporary Florentines, he was a magnate, diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists, and poets. As a patron, he is best known for his sponsorship of artists such as Botticelli and Michelangelo. He held the balance of power within the Italic League, an alliance of states that stabilized political conditions on the Italian peninsula for decades, and his life coincided with the mature phase of the Italian Renaissance and the Golden Age of Florence. On the foreign policy front, instead, Lorenzo manifested a clear plan to stem the territorial ambitions of pope Sixtus IV, in the name of the balance of the Italian League of 1454. For these reasons, Lorenzo was the subject of the Pazzi conspiracy (1478), in which his brother Giuliano was assassinated. The Peace of Lodi of 1454 that he helped maintain among the various Italian states collapsed with his death. He is buried in the Medici Chapel in Florence.", "Q1102002": "Clive Russell (born 7 December 1945) is a Scottish actor. He is known for his roles as Chief Inspector Frederick Abberline in Ripper Street, Angus O'Connor in Happiness and Brynden Tully in the HBO series Game of Thrones.\nHe also appeared in the Scottish sitcoms Still Game and Rab C Nesbitt as Big Innes and in teen drama Hollyoaks as Jack Osborne's brother Billy Brodie.", "Q1691357": "Joe Carter (November 6, 1927 \u2013 June 15, 2001) was an American blues slide guitarist and singer, formerly active on the Chicago blues scene.", "Q152424": "The East Germany national football team, recognized as Germany DR by FIFA, was from 1952 to 1990 the football team of East Germany, playing as one of three post-war German teams, along with Saarland and West Germany.\nAfter German reunification in 1990, the Deutscher Fu\u00dfball Verband der DDR (DFV, English: German Football Association of the GDR), and with it the East German team, joined the Deutscher Fu\u00dfball Bund (DFB) and the West German national football team that had just won the World Cup.", "Q11876909": "The State of Brazil (Portuguese: Estado do Brasil) was one of the states of the Portuguese Empire, in the Americas during the period of Colonial Brazil.", "Q836910": "Vincen\u021biu Babe\u0219 also known in (Hungarian: Babes Vince, Hodoni village, Satchinez Commune, Timi\u0219 County - 21 January 1821 - 22 January 1907, Budapest) was an ethnic Romanian lawyer, teacher, journalist and politician from the Banat, settled in Vienna, where he married Sophia Goldschneider in 1851.\nHe was one of the founding members of the Romanian Academy. He was the father of Victor Babe\u0219.", "Q247091": "Redline is a 2007 American racing action-thriller film starring an ensemble cast. The film's plot is centered on a street racing circle funded by a group of multimillionaires who wager millions of dollars over their high-powered supercars. It was written and produced by Daniel Sadek, who also used his own automobile collection in the film. The film title was borrowed from the original working title of the 2001 movie, The Fast and the Furious. A critical and financial failure at the box office, the film is most notable for being funded by subprime loans issued by Sadek's company, Quick Loan Funding, which closed its doors in the wake of the subprime mortgage crisis. It was featured on the CNBC special House of Cards as an example of the excess of the pre-meltdown mortgage market in the United States.Redline was released in North America on April 13, 2007, and has been given a PG-13 rating by the MPAA.\n\n", "Q78237": "Johannes Fastenrath (3 May 1839 \u2013 16 March 1908) was a German writer, translator and Hispanist.", "Q432655": "Rod Lurie (born May 15, 1962) is an Israeli-American director, screenwriter and former film critic.", "Q79129": "Franz von Uchatius (1811\u20131881) was an Austrian artillery general and inventor. His inventions included both military applications and pioneer work in cinematography.\nHe invented a motion picture projector in 1853, developing it over the years from 1845 from the device then called stroboscope (Simon von Stampfer) and phenakistiscope (Joseph Plateau). This was the first example of projected animation, demonstrated in 1853; it is also described as the combination of the zoetrope with the magic lantern. It was called the kinetoscope, a term later used by Thomas Edison (see kinetoscope). He applied it to lecture on ballistics.He worked also on a smokeless powder, improved cannons and alloys (his steel bronze was a copper-tin alloy), Uchatius steel was produced industrially, by mixing granulated iron with iron oxide.His balloons, were the earliest recorded use of an unmanned aerial vehicle for warfighting occurred on July 1849, serving as a balloon carrier (the precursor to the aircraft carrier) in the first offensive use of air power in naval aviation. Austrian forces besieging Venice attempted to float some 200 incendiary balloons, each carrying a 24- to 30-pound bomb that was to be dropped from the balloon with a time fuse over the besieged city. The balloons were launched mainly from land; however, some were also launched from the Austrian ship SMS Vulcano. The Austrians used smaller pilot balloons to determine the correct fuse settings. At least one bomb fell in the city; however, due to the wind changing after launch, most of the balloons missed their target, and some drifted back over Austrian lines and the launching ship Vulcano.\n\n", "Q66009": "Saxeten is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nIn 1999 it was the site of an incident where 21 tourists and local canyon guides were killed in a flash flood in Saxetenbach canyon.", "Q85392": "Herbert B\u00f6sch (born September 11, 1954 in Feldkirch, Vorarlberg) is an Austrian politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1995 until 2009.", "Q40970": "The International Olympic Committee (IOC; French: Comit\u00e9 international olympique, CIO) is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. Founded by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas in 1894, it is the authority responsible for organising the modern Summer and Winter Olympic Games.The IOC is the governing body of the National Olympic Committees (NOCs), which are the national constituents of the worldwide Olympic Movement. As of 2016, there are 206 NOCs officially recognised by the IOC. The current president of the IOC is Thomas Bach of Germany, who succeeded Jacques Rogge of Belgium in September 2013.", "Q1184501": "Delmark Records is the oldest American jazz and blues independent record label. It was founded in 1958 and is based in Chicago, Illinois. The label originated in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1953 when owner Bob Koester released a recording of the Windy City Six, a traditional jazz group, under the Delmar imprint.", "Q332368": "A View to a Kill is a 1985 spy film and the fourteenth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and both the seventh and the last to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Although the title is adapted from Ian Fleming's short story \"From a View to a Kill\", the film has an entirely original screenplay. In A View to a Kill, Bond is pitted against Max Zorin, who plans to destroy California's Silicon Valley.\nThe film was produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Michael G. Wilson, who also wrote the screenplay with Richard Maibaum. It was the third James Bond film to be directed by John Glen, and the last to feature Lois Maxwell as Miss Moneypenny.\nDespite receiving mostly mixed reviews from critics, who frequently took umbrage with the effects of Moore's advanced age on his performance, it was a commercial success, with the Duran Duran theme song \"A View to a Kill\" performing well in the charts, becoming the only theme song to reach #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and earning a Golden Globe nomination for Best Song. It also marked Swedish actor Dolph Lundgren's film debut.\n\n", "Q92822": "Richard Edwin Stearns (born July 5, 1936) is a prominent computer scientist who, with Juris Hartmanis, received the 1993 ACM Turing Award \"in recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory\". In 1994 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.\nStearns earned his PhD from Princeton University in 1961. His PhD thesis adviser was Harold W. Kuhn. Stearns is now Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Computer Science at the University at Albany, which is part of the State University of New York.", "Q3182709": "Narapati Sithu (Burmese: \u1014\u101b\u1015\u1010\u102d \u1005\u100a\u103a\u101e\u1030, pronounced [n\u0259\u0279a\u0330p\u0259t\u1e2d s\u00ec\u00f0\u00f9]; also Narapatisithu, Sithu II or Cansu II; 1138\u20131211) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1174 to 1211. He is considered the last important king of Pagan. His peaceful and prosperous reign gave rise to Burmese culture which finally emerged from the shadows of Mon and Pyu cultures. The Burman leadership of the kingdom was now unquestioned. The Pagan Empire reached its peak during his reign, and would decline gradually after his death.The reign saw many firsts in Burmese history. For the first time, the term Mranma (the Burmans) was openly used in Burmese language inscriptions. The Burmese script became the primary script of the kingdom, replacing Mon and Pyu scripts. The first Burmese customary law based on his grandfather Alaungsithu's judgments was compiled, and used as the common system of law for the entire kingdom. He founded the Royal Palace Guards, which later evolved to become the nucleus of the Burmese army in war time.He encouraged further reforms of the Burmese Buddhism. By the efforts of his primate Shin Uttarajiva, the majority of the Burmese Buddhist monks realigned themselves with the Mahavihara school of Ceylon.\n\n", "Q792329": "Axel Herbert Ewald Ripke (28 March 1880 Mitau \u2013 5 December 1937) was a German journalist and politician (Fatherland Party, DVP, NSDAP). Among other things he was one of the first Gauleiters of the NSDAP and an early mentor of Joseph Goebbels.", "Q102207": "Horst von der Goltz (born Franz Wachendorf in 1884 in Koblenz) was a German counterintelligence agent during World War I. In 1918, his autobiography, My Adventures as a German Secret Service Agent, was published. von der Goltz appeared as himself in a U.S. propaganda film written and directed by Raoul Walsh, The Prussian Cur, for Fox Film Corporation. The film was produced by the U.S. Committee on Public Information and designed to influence public opinion about the involvement of the United States in World War I.\n\n", "Q1466001": "Villanova University is a private Catholic university in Radnor Township, Pennsylvania. Named after Saint Thomas of Villanova, the university is the oldest Catholic university in Pennsylvania and the only Augustinian university in the United States.Founded in 1842 by the Order of Saint Augustine, the university traces its roots to old Saint Augustine's Church, Philadelphia, which the Augustinian friars of the Province of Saint Thomas of Villanova founded in 1796, and to its parish school, Saint Augustine's Academy, which was established in 1811. The school's identity remains deeply rooted in its Augustinian Catholic foundation\u2014the majority of students are Catholic, the administration is led by priests, there is a cross on every building, and all students are required to take the Augustine and Culture Seminar (ACS) course their freshman year.", "Q1601036": "Heinz Strunk, legal name Mathias Halfpape (born 17 May 1962 in Hamburg) is a German entertainer, author, actor, musician and member of comedy trio Studio Braun. Strunk\u2019s comedy ranges from goofy prank calls to biting political and cultural satire, often involving music. Strunk plays the saxophone, flute, accordion and keyboards.\nStrunk has released three audio albums with Studio Braun containing prank phone calls. An example of such calls include Strunk calling a coal merchant to order coke, where he means cocaine but the coal merchant understands coke fuel. In another call, Strunk phones a resident of rural Saxony, an area known for a strong regional accent, to offer him free elocution lessons to \u201ccorrect\u201d his Saxon accent. Strunk claims to represent a fictional charity for Hamburg residents to \u201chelp\u201d Saxony.\nIn 2003 Studio Braun released the song Komputerfreak, which takes a serious look at the washed-up lives and addictive/compulsive personalities of those who spend large amounts of time using computers.\nIn 2004 Strunk\u2019s comic novel Fleisch ist mein Gem\u00fcse (Meat is my vegetable) was published, based on his own youth as a musician in various small-time bands in the 1980s. The film of the book was released in 2008, directed by Christian G\u00f6rlitz and filmed in and around Hamburg. In 2010 the novel was adapted into a stage play.\nThe writer and actor has an alter ego called J\u00fcrgen Dose. His works often deal with social outcasts and the bleakness of everyday life.\nStrunk is a member of the German satirical political party Die PARTEI (\u201cThe PARTY\u201d).\nIn 2016 Strunk\u2019s highly praised novel Der goldene Handschuh (The Golden Glove) was published. The bestseller tells the story of the German serial killer Fritz Honka. Strunk won the Wilhelm Raabe Literature Prize and was nominated for the Leipzig Book Fair Prize. German director Fatih Akin acquired the film rights to make a movie based on Der goldene Handschuh. The eponymous film was released in 2019 and received mixed critical reviews.", "Q190765": "1492: Conquest of Paradise is a 1992 English-language French-Spanish epic historical drama film directed and produced by Ridley Scott and starring G\u00e9rard Depardieu, Armand Assante, and Sigourney Weaver. It portrays a fictionalized version of the travels to the New World by the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus and the effect this had on indigenous peoples.\nThe film was released by Paramount Pictures to celebrate the 500th anniversary of Columbus' voyage. The premiere debuted at almost exactly the same time as Christopher Columbus: The Discovery, often leading to confusion between the two films.", "Q691152": "The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) is the United Kingdom's learned society and professional body for geography, founded in 1830 for the advancement of geographical sciences. Today, it is the leading centre for geographers and geographical learning. The Society has over 16,500 members, with its work reaching the public through publications, research groups and lectures.", "Q187219": "Zeke is an American hardcore punk band from Seattle, Washington formed in 1992. They are known for their extremely fast, energetic guitar sound. Zeke mixes this with strong influences from hard rock, and occasionally blues rock, and are often compared to Mot\u00f6rhead.Zeke has released six full-length studio albums. Their first single, \"West Seattle Acid Party\", came out in 1992; after several album releases on indie label Scooch Pooch Records, they signed with Epitaph in 1998. They are currently signed to Relapse Records. They are featured in several soundtracks from video games such as the song \"Death Alley\" was on Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4, the song \"Long Train Runnin'\" appeared on Tony Hawk's Underground 2, and \"Kill the King\" appeared on Tony Hawk's Project 8. Zeke appeared on the Project Gotham Racing 3 soundtrack. Zeke released a digital EP entitled Lords of the Highway in 2007. It includes the tracks \"Lords of the Highway\", \"Kings and Queens\" and \"Hay Bailer\", as well as a cover of GG Allin's \"Die When You Die\".\nZeke recorded Hellbender in 2017, 13 years after their last full LP 'Til the Livin' End. The new lineup contains guitarist, vocalist and co-founder Blind Marky Felchtone, guitarist Kyle Whitefoot, original bassist Kurt Kolfelt, and drummer Dayne Porras.", "Q713151": "Olin James Stephens II (April 13, 1908 \u2013 September 13, 2008) was an American yacht designer of the 20th century. Stephens was born in New York City, but spent his summers with his brother Rod, learning to sail on the New England coast. He also attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for a term.\nStephens' name had a long history in connection with America's Cup. He assisted W. Starling Burgess with the design of the J-Class Ranger, which won the America's Cup in 1937, defeating the Royal Yacht Squadron's Endeavour II in four races. He was the original designer of six out of seven successful 12 Metre defenders of the America's Cup between 1958 and 1980, with the exception of Weatherly in 1962. Other than Ranger, the most remarkable of his defenders was the Intrepid. She had a rudder separate from her keel to reduce wetted surface and improve steering. Stephens had previously designed separate rudders on a number of increasingly large ocean racers of the 1960s, most notably Thomas Watson's state of the art Palawan III, before using it successfully on the Intrepid in 1967. After alterations by Britton Chance, Jr., she won the America's Cup again in 1970.\nStephens also designed many off-shore and stock boats, including the Dark Harbor 20, which he designed in 1934. His brother, Roderick Stephens, was also a partner in the yacht-designing and yacht brokerage firm Sparkman & Stephens, specializing in supervision and testing of yachts designed by the firm. Olin was working in the Nevins shipyard in 1928 as a draftsman when he first met yacht broker Drake Sparkman. They together set up an office next door to Nevins in 1929. Since retiring from the company he lived in Hanover, New Hampshire, where he spent his final years writing computer programs for designing yachts. He was awarded the Herreshoff Award by the North American Yacht Racing Union in 1965 for his contributions to sailing.\nStephens was also involved in ocean-going sailboats. His yawl designs Dorade (1929) and Stormy Weather (1934), his favorite design, each won the Newport Bermuda Race and the Fastnet race several times. Both brothers were accomplished yachtsmen. They were members of the winning crews of Dorade and Ranger. Olin served as tactician and navigator, while Rod trimmed the rig and sails. In the 1960s and 1970s, Olin contributed to the luxury yacht builders Nautor Swan of Finland and Hallberg-Rassy of Sweden.", "Q4647865": "Abraham Hyatt Smith (February 5, 1814 \u2013 October 16, 1892) was an American lawyer, businessman, and politician. He was the 5th Attorney General of the Wisconsin Territory and was the 2nd United States Attorney for the District of Wisconsin\n\n", "Q116272": "Albert Scherrer (28 February 1908 in Riehen \u2013 5 July 1986 in Basel) was a racing driver from Switzerland. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1953 Swiss Grand Prix. He finished 16 laps down and unclassified, scoring no championship points.", "Q129082": "Puppet Master 4 is a 1993 direct-to-video action horror written by Charles Band among others, and directed by Jeff Burr. It is the fourth film in the Puppet Master franchise, a sequel to 1990's Puppet Master II, and stars Gordon Currie as a youth scientist who, along with his friends, played by Chandra West, Ash Adams and Teresa Hill, is attacked by demons; the animated puppets of Andre Toulon (Guy Rolfe) serve to protect the group, similar to the role they played in the prequel Toulon's Revenge, rather than terrorize, as they had in the first and second films. Originally, Puppet Master 4 was intended to have the subtitle The Demon.Puppet Master 4, as well as the second, third, and fifth installments of the series, were only available in DVD format through a Full Moon Features box set that has since been discontinued. However, in 2007, Full Moon Features reacquired the rights to the first five films, and the boxset has since been reissued and is available directly from Full Moon, as well as through several online retailers.", "Q979961": "Marion Franklin \"Moe\" Bandy, Jr. (born February 12, 1944) is an American country music singer. He was most popular during the 1970s, when he had several hit songs, both alone and with his singing partner, Joe Stampley.", "Q328330": "Derek Richard Grant (sometimes known as Derek R. Grant) is an American musician, singer and songwriter best known as the third and current drummer for punk rock band Alkaline Trio, having joined the band in 2001. He is also a member of Chicago \"supergroup\" Dead Ending. He was previously a member of The Suicide Machines, Telegraph, Gyga, Thoughts of Ionesco, Remainder, Walls of Jericho, The Exceptions and Broken Spoke. In addition to playing the drums, Grant is a talented guitarist and vocalist, and has filled in as guitarist for both Face to Face (1998) and The Gaslight Anthem (October 2008).\nHe has frequently filled in on drums for Josh Freese on many Vandals Tours since 1998, and with Good Charlotte during the later half of 2004.\nIn September 2008, Derek released an 8-song album free via his MySpace page entitled D.Grant Meets the Reaper which is a collaboration with his 12-year-old alter ego. The songs were written between the ages of 11\u201314, and feature Derek at age 12 on vocals, with newly re-recorded music.\nIn February 2009 Derek released a three-song EP free via his Myspace page entitled The Purple Trilogy. This material, recorded by Derek (with help from Saves the Day guitarist Arun Bali) is described as \"Electro-Funk\" and features a cover of an unreleased Prince track (\"Electric Intercourse\"), and two original compositions.\nIn October 2014 Derek released a digital single for \"Love is a Bad Dream\", a track from his forthcoming debut solo album. It was backed with the non-album track \"Don't Marry Me\".\nIn January 2015 Derek released his album, Break Down, through Red Scare Industries. It contains eight songs, written and recorded in 2008/2009. All instruments on the album are played by Derek.\nIn May 2015 Derek released a 7-inch with Australian singer-songwriter Dan Cribb, through Pee Records. The physical release contained two songs each, with an additional one-song each released digitally. It was mixed by The Swellers frontman Nick Diener at Oneder Studios in Michigan who also played bass and guitar and sung on Dan's songs.\nIn 2017 Derek reunited with Detroit post-hardcore band Thoughts of Ionesco to record an EP, Skar Cymbals. The band also performed their first concert in over seventeen years in Detroit, MI.", "Q254947": "Danielle Riley Keough ( KEE-oh; born May 29, 1989) is an American actress, model, and producer. She is the daughter of Lisa Marie Presley with Danny Keough, and the eldest grandchild of Elvis and Priscilla Presley.\nKeough collaborated with director Steven Soderbergh, appearing in his films Magic Mike (2012) and Logan Lucky (2017). She also starred in the first season of the Soderbergh-produced television series The Girlfriend Experience (2016), based on his film of the same name. For her performance as Christine Reade, a law student who moonlights as an escort, Keough earned a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Performance by an Actress in a Limited Series or Motion Picture Made for Television.She is also known for her role in George Miller's Mad Max: Fury Road (2015) and for her extensive work in independent film. She has appeared in four films distributed by A24, including American Honey (2016) It Comes at Night (2017), Under the Silver Lake (2018), and Zola (2020). For her performance in the first of these, she received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Supporting Female.", "Q245692": "Priscilla Anne Barnes (born December 7, 1954) is an American actress, who may be best known in her role as Terri Alden on Three's Company, the permanent replacement for Suzanne Somers. She subsequently made appearances in films such as A Vacation in Hell, Licence to Kill, Mallrats, The Devil's Rejects, and the television series Jane the Virginand Highway To Heaven.", "Q75707": "Susan Sideropoulos (born 14 October 1980 in Hamburg) is a German actress and singer.\nHer father is of Greek descent while her mother is from Israel.\nSince 14 March 2002, Sideropoulos has been portraying the role of Verena Koch in the German soap opera Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten.\nShe was the winner of Season 2 of the German series Let's Dance.\nOn 4 July 2019, She was revealed to be the Butterfly on the German adaptation of The Masked Singer.", "Q3047441": "Edgar William Brandt (24 December 1880 \u2013 8 May 1960) was a French ironworker, prolific weapons designer and head of a company that designed 60mm, 81mm and 120mm mortars that were very widely copied throughout and subsequent to World War II. He also invented discarding-sabot artillery shells, and contributed substantially through his development of HEAT rifle grenades to the development of effective HEAT-warhead weapons for infantry anti-tank use.\nIn 1902, Brandt set up the business \u00e9tablissements Brandt, where he produced ironwork and light armaments; this was based at 76 rue Michel-Ange in Paris.\nHis company was nationalised in 1936, and subsequently it purchased several engineering companies including the soci\u00e9t\u00e9 M\u00e9canique Industrielle de Pr\u00e9cision (MIP) at Tulle in 1938. The same year, Brandt opened a major facility at La Fert\u00e9-Saint-Aubin which became the company's headquarters.\nIn 1956 Hotchkiss et Cie merged with \u00e9tablissements Brandt to form the Hotchkiss-Brandt company, which ten years later merged with Thomson and became Thomson-Brandt Armements. After further evolutions, the company is now called TDA Armements SAS and is a part of the Thales Group.\n\nHe also was a very fine artist. He made things out of metal like his very fine Firescreen he created for a fireplace.", "Q822971": "Bernardo Carvalho (born 1960 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian author and journalist. He was the editor of \u201cFolhetim,\u201d a collection of essays, and is a Paris and New York correspondent for Folha de S.Paulo. His first two novels were edited in France.\nHis novel Mong\u00f3lia received the 2003 prize of the Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Paulista dos Cr\u00edticos de Arte. He shared the Portugal Telecom Prize for Literature with Dalton Trevisan for his novel Nove Noites.", "Q97782": "Joseph Jonas (1845 \u2013 22 August 1921) was the German-born Lord Mayor of Sheffield, England in 1904\u201305.", "Q35323": "Arabs (; Arabic: \u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064c\u200e, ISO 233 \u2018arab; Arabic pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0295arab] (listen)) are a population inhabiting the Arab world. They primarily live in the Arab states in Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa and western Indian Ocean islands (including the Comoros), as well as in significant numbers in the Americas, Western Europe, Indonesia, Israel, Turkey and Iran. The Arab diaspora is established around the world.The first mention of Arabs is from the mid-ninth century BCE as a tribal people in eastern and southern Syria and the north of the Arabian Peninsula. The Arabs appear to have been under the vassalage of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911\u2013612 BCE), and the succeeding Neo-Babylonian (626\u2013539 BCE), Achaemenid (539\u2013332 BCE), Seleucid, and Parthian empires. Arab tribes, most notably the Ghassanids and Lakhmids, begin to appear in the southern Syrian Desert from the mid 3rd century CE onward, during the mid to later stages of the Roman and Sasanian empires.Before the expansion of the Rashidun Caliphate (632\u2013661 C.E.), \"Arab\" referred to any of the largely nomadic and settled Semitic people from the Arabian Peninsula, Syrian Desert, and North and Lower Mesopotamia. Today, \"Arab\" refers to a large number of people whose native regions form the Arab world due to the spread of Arabs and the Arabic language throughout the region during the early Muslim conquests of the 7th and 8th centuries and the subsequent Arabisation of indigenous populations. The Arabs forged the Rashidun (632\u2013661), Umayyad (661\u2013750), Abbasid (750\u20131517) and the Fatimid (901\u20131071) caliphates, whose borders reached southern France in the west, China in the east, Anatolia in the north, and the Sudan in the south. This was one of the largest land empires in history. In the early 20th century, the First World War signalled the end of the Ottoman Empire; which had ruled much of the Arab world since conquering the Mamluk Sultanate in 1517. Culminating in the 1922 defeat and dissolution of the empire and the partition of its territories, forming the modern Arab states. Following the adoption of the Alexandria Protocol in 1944, the Arab League was founded on 22 March 1945. The Charter of the Arab League endorsed the principle of an Arab homeland whilst respecting the individual sovereignty of its member states.Today, Arabs primarily inhabit the 22 Arab states within the Arab League: Algeria, Bahrain, the Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. The Arab world stretches around 13 million km2, from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Horn of Africa and the Indian Ocean in the southeast. Beyond the boundaries of the League of Arab States, Arabs can also be found in the global diaspora. The ties that bind Arabs are ethnic, linguistic, cultural, historical, identical, nationalist, geographical and political. The Arabs have their own customs, language, architecture, art, literature, music, dance, media, cuisine, dress, society, sports and mythology.Arabs are a diverse group in terms of religious affiliations and practices. In the pre-Islamic era, most Arabs followed polytheistic religions. Some tribes had adopted Christianity or Judaism, and a few individuals, the hanifs, apparently observed another form of monotheism. Today, about 93% of Arabs are adherents of Islam, and there are sizable Christian minorities. Arab Muslims primarily belong to the Sunni, Shiite, Ibadi, and Alawite denominations. Arab Christians generally follow one of the Eastern Christian Churches, such as the Oriental Orthodox or Eastern Catholic churches. There also exist small amounts of Jews living in Arab countries, and a much larger population of Jews with historical or ancestral links to Arab cultures, who may or may not consider themselves Arab. Many Christians in Arab countries may also not consider themselves Arab, especially Copts and Assyrians. Other smaller minority religions are also followed, such as the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith and Druze.\nArabs have greatly influenced and contributed to diverse fields, notably the arts and architecture, language, philosophy, mythology, ethics, literature, politics, business, music, dance, cinema, medicine, science and technology in the ancient and modern history.", "Q73376": "Wilhelm Ehm (August 30, 1918 \u2013 August 9, 2009) a World War II Wehrmacht veteran and East German Admiral who was Deputy Minister of National Defense of the German Democratic Republic and head of the People's Navy (Volksmarine).\n\n", "Q601227": "Raymond Braun Media Group, also well known by its acronym RBMG, is a media and record company established in 2008 specializing in music production and promotion. It is a joint venture between R&B artist Usher, whose family name is Raymond, and talent agent Scooter Braun. RBMG also has a special profit-sharing business deal with Def Jam Recordings, owned by Universal Music Group.", "Q5331187": "Easy to Assemble is a web series created by and starring Illeana Douglas, and sponsored by furniture store IKEA.Douglas plays a fictional version of herself trying to quit acting and work a \"real job\" at the IKEA store in Burbank, California. She soon finds she cannot leave Hollywood behind when fellow actress Justine Bateman starts an internet talk show called \"40 and Bitter\" on the floor of IKEA.\nThe series has had several notable guest stars, including Jeff Goldblum, Keanu Reeves, Jane Lynch, Justine Bateman, Tim Meadows, Cheri Oteri, Tom Arnold, Ed Begley Jr., Kevin Pollak, Fred Willard, Daryl Sabara, Wilson Cleveland, Ricki Lake, David Henrie, Patricia Heaton, and Eric Lange.", "Q73410": "Q'orianka Waira Qoiana Kilcher (; born February 11, 1990) is a German-born American-Peruvian actress, singer, and activist. She performed as Pocahontas in the 2005 film The New World, and Ka\u02bbiulani in Princess Kaiulani (2009).", "Q650068": "Peterhouse is the oldest constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England, founded in 1284 by Hugo de Balsham, Bishop of Ely. Today, Peterhouse has 254 undergraduates, 116 full-time graduate students and 54 fellows. The official name of Peterhouse does not include \"college\", although \"Peterhouse College\" is often seen in public.\nPeterhouse alumni are notably eminent within the natural sciences, including scientists Lord Kelvin, Henry Cavendish, Charles Babbage, James Clerk Maxwell, James Dewar, Frank Whittle, and five Nobel prize winners in science: Sir John Kendrew, Sir Aaron Klug, Archer Martin, Max Perutz, and Michael Levitt. Peterhouse alumni also include the Archbishop of Canterbury John Whitgift, Lord Chancellors, Lord Chief Justices, prime ministers, as well as Oscar-winning film director Sam Mendes, and comedian David Mitchell.\nPeterhouse is one of the wealthiest and most traditional colleges in Cambridge, with assets exceeding \u00a3320 million. It is one of the few Oxbridge colleges that still seeks to insist that its members attend communal dinners, known as \"Hall\". Hall takes place in two sittings, with the second known as \"Formal Hall\", which consists of a three-course candlelit meal and which must be attended wearing suits and gowns. At Formal Hall, the students rise as the fellows proceed in, a gong is rung, and two Latin graces are read. Peterhouse also hosts a biennial white-tie ball as part of May Week celebrations.\nIn recent years, Peterhouse has been ranked as one of the highest achieving colleges in Cambridge, although academic performance tends to vary year to year due to its small population. In the past five years, it has sat in the top 10 of the 29 colleges within the Tompkins Table. Peterhouse sat at 4th in 2018 and 2019.", "Q1893165": "Marcel Ponseele is a Belgian oboist.\n\nPonseele studied at Bruges and other conservatories in Belgium. He has specialised in the baroque oboe and is involved in making his own instruments in 18th-century style. He is known for his performances of Bach.", "Q586496": "Argai: The Prophecy (Original French title: Arga\u00ef: La proph\u00e9tie) is a 2000 French animated series (26 episodes) directed by Jean-C\u00e9sar Suchorski and written by S\u00e9bastien Dorsey.", "Q683230": "Thierry Maulnier (born Jacques Talagrand; 1 October 1909, Al\u00e8s \u2013 9 January 1988, Marnes-la-Coquette) was a French journalist, essayist, dramatist, and literary critic. He was married to theatre director Marcelle Tassencourt.", "Q855247": "Zolt\u00e1n B\u00f6sz\u00f6rm\u00e9nyi (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8zolta\u02d0n \u02c8b\u00f8s\u00f8rme\u02d0\u0272i]; born in Arad, Romania, Dec 18, 1951), is a Romanian-Hungarian poet, writer and editor.", "Q459786": "Frank Faylen (born Charles Francis Ruf, December 8, 1905 \u2013 August 2, 1985) was an American film and television actor. Largely a bit player and character actor, he occasionally played more fleshed-out supporting roles during his forty-two year acting career, during which he appeared in some 223 film and television productions, often without credit. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.", "Q223271": "Anthony de Mello, also known as Tony de Mello (4 September 1931 \u2013 2 June 1987), was an Indian Jesuit priest and psychotherapist. A spiritual teacher, writer, and public speaker, de Mello wrote several books on spirituality and hosted numerous spiritual retreats and conferences. He continues to be known for his storytelling which drew from the various mystical traditions of both East and West and for introducing many people in the West to mindfulness-based practices he sometimes called \"awareness prayer.\"", "Q24548": "Quintus Remmius Palaemon or Quintus Rhemnius Fannius Palaemon was a Roman grammarian and a native of Vicentia. He lived during the reigns of Emperors Tiberius and Claudius.", "Q272758": "Ren\u00e9e Faure (4 November 1918 \u2013 2 May 2005) was a French stage and film actress.\nShe was a jury member during the 1953 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q161944": "A deacon is a member of the diaconate, an office in Christian churches that is generally associated with service of some kind, but which varies among theological and denominational traditions. Major Christian churches, such as the Catholic Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Anglican church, view the diaconate as part of the clerical state.\nThe title is also used for the president, chairperson, or head of a trades guild in Scotland; and likewise to two officers of a Masonic lodge.", "Q526620": "Alfre Woodard (; born November 8, 1952) is an American actress, producer, and political activist. She has been named one of the most versatile and accomplished actors of her generation. She has been nominated once for an Academy Award and Grammy Award and 18 times for an Emmy Award (winning four) and has also won a Golden Globe Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards.\nWoodard began her acting career in theater. After her breakthrough role in the Off-Broadway play For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf (1977), she made her film debut in Remember My Name (1978). In 1983, she won major critical praise and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Cross Creek. In the same year, Woodard won her first Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in the NBC drama series Hill Street Blues. Later in the 1980s, Woodard had leading Emmy Award-nominated performances in a number of made for television movies, and another Emmy-winning role as a woman dying of leukemia in the pilot episode of L.A. Law. She also starred as Dr. Roxanne Turner in the NBC medical drama St. Elsewhere, for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 1986, and for Guest Actress in 1988. \nIn the 1990s, Woodard starred in films such as Grand Canyon (1991), Heart and Souls (1993), Crooklyn (1994), How to Make an American Quilt (1995), Primal Fear (1996) and Star Trek: First Contact (1996). She also drew critical praise for her performances in the independent dramas Passion Fish (1992), for which she won an Independent Spirit Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress, as well as Down in the Delta (1998). For her lead role in the HBO film Miss Evers' Boys (1997), Woodard won Golden Globe, Emmy, Screen Actors Guild, and several other awards. In later years, she has appeared in several blockbusters, like K-PAX (2001), The Core (2003), and The Forgotten (2004), starred in independent films, and won her fourth Emmy Award for The Practice in 2003. From 2005 to 2006, Woodard starred as Betty Applewhite in the ABC comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives, and later starred in several short-lived series. She appeared in the films The Family That Preys (2008), 12 Years a Slave (2013), Annabelle (2014), and Juanita (2019), and has also worked as a political activist and producer. In 2019, she received critical acclaim for her performance in the drama film Clemency. Woodard is a founder of Artists for a New South Africa, an organization devoted to advancing democracy and equality in that country. She is a board member of AMPAS.", "Q3130805": "Henri Castro (1786 \u2013 November 3, 1865), a Jewish Texan, was one of the most important empresarios of the Republic of Texas.", "Q241392": "Mary Daly (October 16, 1928 \u2013 January 3, 2010) was an American radical feminist philosopher, academic, and theologian. Daly, who described herself as a \"radical lesbian feminist\", taught at the Jesuit-run Boston College for 33 years. Daly retired in 1999, after violating university policy by refusing to allow male students in her advanced women's studies classes. She allowed male students in her introductory class and privately tutored those who wanted to take advanced classes.", "Q1252841": "Dov Moran (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05d1 \u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05df\u200e; born 1955) is an Israeli entrepreneur, inventor and investor, best known as the inventor of the USB memory stick, and one of the most prominent Israeli hi-tech leaders in the world.\n\n", "Q2212935": "Saint Andrew is a parish, situated in the southeast of Jamaica in the county of Surrey. It lies north, west and east of Kingston, and stretches into the Blue Mountains. In the 2011 census, it had 573,369, the highest population of any of the parishes in Jamaica. George William Gordon (d. 1865), one of Jamaica's seven National Heroes, was born in this parish.\nIt contains many attractions, historical sites, famous residents, and the country's financial capital.\nThe parish has a rich musical tradition, with numerous well-known musicians and developing popular types of Jamaican music. The Studio One studio founded by Clement \"Coxsone\" Dodd is in Saint Andrew. Mavado, Sean Paul, Buju Banton, Elephant Man, The Mighty Diamonds, Monty Alexander, Beres Hammond, Lady Saw, Sugar Minott, Bounty Killer, Mr. Vegas, Richie Spice are some of the parish's current musician residents.\nThe area of Trenchtown became famous for such residents as The Wailers (Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh and Bob Marley), and Toots Hibbert, who created reggae music. Waterhouse is another hometown to many musicians, including Keith Hudson, King Tubby's, U Roy, Sir Jammy's, Black Uhuru, Dennis \"Senitor\" Allen, Early B. Super Cat, Shabba, and Beenie Man. It is also the home of Olympic gold medalist, Shelly-Ann Fraser.\nThe residence built in 1881 by George Stiebel, Jamaica's first black millionaire, is known as Devon House. Steibel gained his wealth in Venezuela and returned to Jamaica. He was appointed as the Custos, a high civic post, of Saint Andrew. His residence has been restored and is operated as a house museum; it is open to the public for tours and special events. Concessions include a Devon House ice cream shop.\nThe grounds of the Hope Estate, built in the 17th century, now support Hope Gardens (Royal Botanical Gardens), one of the oldest in the Western Hemisphere. The University of the West Indies is located on the estate and uses some of the historic buildings. Part of the navigable aqueduct is still intact.\nVale Royal, the residence of the Prime Minister, and King's House, the Governor General's residence, are significant historic buildings.The area of Norbrook was once the plantation of George William Gordon. The Bob Marley Museum is located in a mansion on Hope Road that was once owned by businessman Chris Blackwell. It is now open for guided tours.\n\n", "Q76568": "Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (; German: [a\u02c8g\u0280\u026apa]; 14 September 1486 \u2013 18 February 1535) was a German polymath, physician, legal scholar, soldier, theologian, and occult writer.", "Q112772": "Thomas Glavinic (born April 2, 1972 in Graz) is an Austrian writer. With Kathrin R\u00f6ggla and Daniel Kehlmann, he is among other contemporary Austrian authors being perceived as significantly shaping the literary discussion in Austria.\n\n", "Q237204": "Amanda Louise Holden (born 16 February 1971) is an English media personality, actress, television presenter, singer, and author. She has judged on the television talent show competition Britain's Got Talent since the show began its run in 2007 on ITV. As an actress, Holden played the role of Mel in Kiss Me Kate (1998\u20132000), Geraldine Titley in The Grimleys (1999\u20132001), Sarah Trevanion in Wild at Heart (2006\u20132008), Lizzie, the Ring Mistress, in Big Top (2009), and the title role in Thoroughly Modern Millie, for which she was nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award.\nHolden has presented various television shows for ITV, including The Sun Military Awards (2009\u20132014), Superstar (2012), This Morning (2014\u2013present), Text Santa (2015), Give a Pet a Home (2015), and I've Got Something To Tell You (2016). In 2019, she became the co-host of the Heart Breakfast radio show with Jamie Theakston.", "Q760801": "August Alle (31 August [O.S. 19 August] 1890 in Viljandi \u2013 8 July 1952 in Tallinn) was an Estonian writer.", "Q362239": "Alain Manesson Mallet (1630\u20131706) was a French cartographer and engineer. He started his career as a soldier in the army of Louis XIV, became a Sergeant-Major in the artillery and an Inspector of Fortifications. He also served under the King of Portugal, before returning to France, and his appointment to the court of Louis XIV. His military engineering and mathematical background led to his position teaching mathematics at court.His major publications were Description de L'Univers (1683) in 5 volumes, and Les Travaux de Mars ou l'Art de la Guerre (1684) in 3 volumes.\nHis Description de L'Universe contains a wide variety of information, including star maps, maps of the ancient and modern world, and a synopsis of the customs, religion and government of the many nations included in his text. It has been suggested that his background as a teacher led to his being concerned with entertaining his readers. This concern manifested itself in the charming harbour scenes and rural landscapes that he included beneath his description of astronomical concepts and diagrams. Mallet himself drew most of the figures that were engraved for this book.", "Q6540713": "The Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal), commonly known as the Blue Party (Spanish: Partido Azul) was a political party in Paraguay, ruling the country for most of the period between 1904 and 1940.", "Q196472": "Giovanni Battista Riccioli (17 April 1598 \u2013 25 June 1671) was an Italian astronomer and a Catholic priest in the Jesuit order. He is known, among other things, for his experiments with pendulums and with falling bodies, for his discussion of 126 arguments concerning the motion of the Earth, and for introducing the current scheme of lunar nomenclature. He is also widely known for discovering the first double star. He argued that the rotation of the Earth should reveal itself because on a rotating Earth, the ground moves at different speeds at different times.", "Q579324": "John Frank Stossel (born March 6, 1947) is an American consumer television personality, author, and libertarian pundit, known for his career on both ABC News and Fox Business Channel.\nStossel's style combines reporting and commentary. It reflects a libertarian political philosophy and views on economics which are largely supportive of the free market. He began his journalism career as a researcher for KGW-TV, was a consumer reporter at WCBS-TV in New York City, and then joined ABC News as a consumer editor and reporter on Good Morning America. Stossel went on to be an ABC News correspondent, joining the weekly news magazine program 20/20, going on to become co-anchor. In October 2009, Stossel left ABC News to join the Fox Business Channel. He hosted a weekly news show on Fox Business, Stossel from December 2009 to December 2016.\nStossel has received 19 Emmy Awards and five awards from the National Press Club. Stossel has written three books: Give Me a Break in 2004, Myths, Lies, and Downright Stupidity in 2007, and No They Can't! Why Government Fails but Individuals Succeed in 2012.", "Q278513": "The Awful Truth is a 1937 American screwball comedy film directed by Leo McCarey and starring Irene Dunne and Cary Grant. Based on the 1923 play The Awful Truth by Arthur Richman, the film recounts how a distrustful rich couple begins divorce proceedings, only to interfere in one another's romances. This was McCarey's first film for Columbia Pictures with the dialogue and comic elements being largely improvised by the director and actors. It was Dunne's second comedy following Theodora Goes Wild (1936), for which she was also nominated for a Best Actress Academy Award. Her costumes were designed by Robert Kalloch. Although Grant tried to leave the production due to McCarey's directorial style, The Awful Truth saw his emergence as an A-list star and proponent of on-the-set improvisation.\nThe film was a box office hit. It was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actress, and Best Supporting Actor. McCarey won for Best Director. The Awful Truth was selected in 1996 for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Film Registry.", "Q472503": "Herbert James Elliott AC MBE (born 25 February 1938) is a former Australian athlete and arguably the world's greatest middle distance runner of his era. In August 1958 he set the world record in the mile run, clocking 3:54.5, 2.7 seconds under the record held by Derek Ibbotson; later in the month he set the 1500 metres world record, running 3.36.0, 2.1 seconds under the record held by Stanislav Jungwirth. In the 1500 metres at the 1960 Rome Olympics, he won the gold medal and bettered his own world record with a time of 3:35.6.\nFew people have ever exercised such absolute authority in any branch of sport as Elliott did in middle distance running from 1957 to 1961. During that span he never lost a 1500 metres or 1 mile race. During his career, he broke four minutes for the mile on 17 occasions. Elliot's nearest rival was fellow Australian Merv Lincoln.\nElliott is chairman of one of largest iron ore mining companies in the world and he is also chairman of Global Corporate Challenge health initiative.", "Q64144": "Cruel Intentions 3 is a 2004 American teen drama film directed by Scott Ziehl and released direct-to-video in 2004. Despite its name, the film has almost no relation to the previous films in the series, except for the shared themes and the lead character in this film, Cassidy Merteuil, who is a cousin of one of the characters from the first film, Kathryn Merteuil.", "Q336640": "David Byrne (; born 14 May 1952) is a British-American singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, artist, actor, writer, music theorist, and filmmaker who is a founding member and the principal songwriter, lead singer, and guitarist of the American new wave band Talking Heads.\nByrne has released solo recordings and worked with various media including film, photography, opera, fiction, and non-fiction. He has received Academy, Grammy, and Golden Globe Awards, and he is an inductee to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Q306783": "Abbott and Costello Meet Captain Kidd is a 1952 comedy film directed by Charles Lamont and starring the comedy team of Abbott and Costello, along with Charles Laughton, who reprised his role as the infamous pirate from the 1945 film Captain Kidd. It was the second film in SuperCinecolor, a three-color version of the two-color process Cinecolor.", "Q552189": "Nikos Sampson (Greek: \u039d\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03ce\u03bd; 16 December 1935 \u2013 9 May 2001) was the de facto president of Cyprus who succeeded Archbishop Makarios, appointed as President of Cyprus by the Greek military leaders of the coup d'\u00e9tat against Makarios, on July 15, 1974. Sampson was a journalist and a member of EOKA, which rose against the British colonial administration, seeking Enosis (Union) of the island of Cyprus with Greece. He was eventually arrested and sentenced to death, but was imprisoned in Britain after the sentence was commuted, returning after Cyprus gained independence.\nUpon his return upon the formation of the Republic of Cyprus, he entered politics, becoming a member of Parliament. Following the coup of 1974 by the Greek Junta, he was appointed President by the leaders of the coup Kombokis and Georgitsis as a solution of necessity because nobody else accepted, and remained in the position for eight days. Following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus on 20 July he resigned. He was later sentenced to twenty years in prison for abuse of power, the only person convicted vis-\u00e0-vis the coup, maintaining there had been a setup and cover up.According to Cyprus-based Polish-American journalist, Andrew Borowiec, several members of the US embassy in Nicosia had been on friendly terms with Sampson and he had even toured the USA at the US government's invitation. Three years into his sentence, he was allowed to go to France on medical grounds, and subsequently settled in France. He returned to Cyprus in 1990 to resume his sentence, and was pardoned for the remainder of his sentence in 1993. Following his release, he went into the newspaper publishing business. He died of cancer in 2001.", "Q3124680": "Harold Marsh Harwood (29 March 1874 \u2013 20 April 1959) was a British businessman, playwright, screenwriter and theatre manager. He was the son of the businessman and politician George Harwood and the husband of F. Tennyson Jesse who co-wrote some of Harwood's work. The Pelican was a successful play credited to the couple. Screen writing credits include The Iron Duke and Queen Christina.", "Q75049": "Max Winkler (7 September 1875 \u2013 12 October 1961) was a politician and senior political appointee in the local government of West Prussia, the national government of the German Empire, the Nazi government of the German Reich, and the post-war government of West Germany.", "Q272770": "Kathleen Marie \"Bird\" York (born March 21, 1961) is an American actress, screenwriter, and Oscar-nominated singer-songwriter recording artist. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"In the Deep\" from the 2004 film Crash.", "Q659702": "Del\u00e9mont District (German: Delsberg) is one of the three districts of the canton of Jura, Switzerland. Its capital, and that of the canton, is the city of Del\u00e9mont. The district is almost entirely French-speaking and has a population of 38,590 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q3271611": "L\u00e9once Vieljeux (12 April 1865, Les Vans, Ard\u00e8che, France \u2013 12 September 1944, Struthof) was a colonel in the French reserve army, industrialist and mayor of La Rochelle.", "Q678914": "Thun District in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland was created on 1 January 2010. It is part of the Oberland administrative region. It contains 31 municipalities with an area of 321.90 km2 (124.29 sq mi) and a population (as of December 2008) of 103,233.", "Q148326": "Zathura: A Space Adventure (also known simply as Zathura) is a 2005 American science fiction adventure film directed by Jon Favreau. It is an adaptation of the 2002 children's book Zathura by Chris Van Allsburg, author of Jumanji. It is a standalone spin-off of the 1995 film Jumanji and the second installment of the Jumanji franchise. The film stars Josh Hutcherson, Jonah Bobo, Dax Shepard, Kristen Stewart, and Tim Robbins.\nThe story revolves around brothers Walter and Danny Budwing (portrayed by Hutcherson and Bobo respectively), who play a mysterious board game they find in the basement of their house. The game teleports Walter, Danny, and their older sister Lisa (Stewart) into outer space where they encounter an astronaut (Shepard), who mentors the siblings on survival and finishing the game so they can return home.\nThe film was shot in Los Angeles and Culver City, California, and was released on November 11, 2005 in the United States. Unlike Jumanji was on TriStar Pictures, the film instead was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It received positive reviews from critics, but was a box-office bomb, grossing $64.3 million worldwide against a production budget of $65 million.", "Q4007954": "Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery is located at 10621 Victory Boulevard in North Hollywood, Los Angeles, California and Burbank, California.\nThe cemetery has a special section called the Portal of the Folded Wings Shrine to Aviation that is the final resting place for a number of aviation pioneers \u2014 barnstormers, daredevils and sundry architects of aviation. There is a memorial to Amelia Earhart and others, honoring their accomplishments.\nAmong those interred here are several celebrities from the entertainment industry.The shrine, with a colorful tile dome and female figures stretching their arms to the heavens, originally was built as an impressive entrance to Valhalla Memorial Park cemetery. It was named for the palace of Odin, the Norse god of slain heroes.", "Q643982": "Christian Duguay (born March 30, 1956) is a Canadian film director.\n\n", "Q3952": "Plauen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8pla\u028a\u032f\u0259n]) is a town in the Free State of Saxony, east-central Germany. It is the capital town of the district Vogtlandkreis. The town is situated near the border of Thuringia, Bavaria and the Czech Republic.", "Q1949325": "The Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0432\u0430\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u041c\u0423\u0416\u0412\u0417) was one of the largest educational institutions in Russia. The school was formed by the 1865 merger of a private art college, established in Moscow in 1832, and the Palace School of Architecture, established in 1749 by Dmitry Ukhtomsky. By the end of the 19th century, it vied with the state-run St. Petersburg Academy of Arts for the title of the largest art school in the country. In the 20th century, art and architecture separated again, into the Surikov Art Institute in Moscow (\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0421\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430) and the Moscow Architectural Institute (\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442); the latter occupies the historical School buildings in Rozhdestvenka Street.", "Q922795": "Roberto Ampuero (born 20 February 1953 in Valpara\u00edso, Chile) is a Chilean author, columnist, and the former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile, a position he held from March 11, 2018 to June 13, 2019. His first novel \u00bfQui\u00e9n mat\u00f3 a Kristi\u00e1n Kustermann? was published in 1993 and in it he introduced his private eye, Cayetano Brul\u00e9, winning the Revista del Libro prize of El Mercurio. Since then the detective has appeared in five novels. In addition he has published an autobiographical novel about his years in Cuba titled Nuestros A\u00f1os Verde Olivo (1999) and the novels Los Amantes de Estocolmo (Book of the Year in Chile, 2003 and the bestseller of the year in Chile)) and Pasiones Griegas (chosen as the Best Spanish Novel in China, 2006). His novels have been published in Latin America and Spain, and have been translated into German, French, Italian, Chinese, Swedish, Portuguese, Greek, Croatian, and English. In Chile his works have sold more than 40 editions. Ampuero now resides in Iowa where he is a professor at the University of Iowa in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese. He was a columnist of La Tercera and the New York Times Syndicate and since March 2009 has been working as a columnist for El Mercurio. Between 2013 and 2014 he was Minister of Culture in the government of Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era.", "Q76540": "Oliver Janich (born 3 January 1969) is a German journalist, author and libertarian YouTuber. He is the founder and former president of the libertarian, minor pary Partei der Vernunft (Party of Reason).", "Q122841": "Adlai Ewing Stevenson III (born October 10, 1930) is an American politician of the Democratic Party. He represented the state of Illinois in the United States Senate from 1970 until 1981.", "Q104138": "Franz Schr\u00f6nghamer-Heimdal (born July 12, 1881 in Marbach Eppenschlag, Lower Bavaria - died 3 September 1962 in Passau), was a Bavarian Catholic writer and painter.\n\nIn 1918 his Das kommende Reich (The Coming Reich) appeared, during the November 1918 revolution in Munich. It laid out a blueprint for the 'ecumenical yet distinctly Catholic-oriented spiritual rebuilding of Germany', and he contrasted the purity of Christ, and his true followers, with the perceived immorality of the Jewish-capitalistic spirit. While Schr\u00f6nghamer made no secret of his Catholic convictions the coming Reich he envisioned was to be interconfessional, both Christian confessions bonded in a \"racial community [Volksgemeinschaft] of the same blood, the same law and the same morals\", maintained through \"race based eugenic measures.\" He later claimed [in a 1933 inscription of the book, sent to Nazi party headquarters] that it had influenced the Nazi party advocacy of the principle of Positive Christianity.Schr\u00f6nghamer officially joined the Nazi party on 4 February 1920, when it was still known as the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei. He was the party's 222nd member - Adolf Hitler, who joined a few months before, had been the 55th. At this time Schr\u00f6nghamer was \"the single most visible figure in the pages of the V\u00f6lkischer Beobachter, when it served as the unofficial organ of the young v\u00f6lkisch-Nazi movement.\" Two of Schr\u00f6nghamer's other writings, Vom Antichrist (late 1918) and Judas, der Weltfeind (mid-1919), both 'flamingly anti-Semitic' were \"among the most significant and widely discussed works in Munich at the outset of the Nazi movement. Schr\u00f6nghamer also exercised a powerful influence over a large number of racist Catholic activists who themselves played important, if subsequently overlooked, roles in the early development and spread of the movement in and around Munich.\"", "Q537705": "Milton Spinoza Plesset (7 February 1908 \u2013 19 February 1991) was an American applied physicist who worked in the field of fluid mechanics and nuclear energy. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1979 for his fundamental contributions to multiphase flows, bubble dynamics, and safety of nuclear reactors. Plesset served as Professor of Engineering Science at California Institute of Technology during 1951 to 1978. Notable scientists Andrea Prosperetti and Norman Zabusky finished their doctoral work under Plesset's guidance.\nHe with Christian M\u00f8ller are known for the M\u00f8ller\u2013Plesset perturbation theory.\nThe Rayleigh-Plesset equation describing the dynamics of a bubble in an infinite body of fluid is also named after him.", "Q236132": "Chulpan Nailevna Khamatova PAR (Russian: \u0427\u0443\u043b\u043f\u0430\u0301\u043d \u041d\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430, Tatar: \u0427\u0443\u043b\u043f\u0430\u043d \u041d\u0430\u0438\u043b \u043a\u044b\u0437\u044b \u0425\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430, born 1 October 1975) is a Russian film, theater and TV actress of Volga Tatar origin. Her name, Chulpan, means \"morning star\" (i.e. Venus) in Tatar.", "Q112982": "Traute Foresti (15 March 1915 in Payerbach \u2013 3 April 2015 in Vienna) was an Austrian poet and actress.", "Q95803": "Carl Friedrich Meerwein (2 August 1737 in Leiselheim \u2013 6 December 1810 in Emmendingen) was a German civil engineer and aviation pioneer.\nHe built flying devices with moving wings. According to the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica he succeeded in flying with one of these devices, an ornithopter in 1781, at Giessen, Germany. Further attempts were less successful. There is a legend that he only survived one of his flights in 1784 because he hit exactly upon a dung pile.\"Meerwein, the architect of the Prince of Baden, built an orthopteric machine, and protested against the tendency of the aerostats which had just been invented.\" (Verne, Robur)\nMeerwein died as a result of a fall from a horse.", "Q103657": "Alfred Mechtersheimer (13 August 1939 \u2013 22 December 2018) was a former Bundestag member and Neue Rechte politician and author. A former German Air Force colonel and a spokesperson for the far-right Deutschland-Bewegung, Mechtersheimer was known for his protest against Germany's participation in NATO.Mechtersheimer was also a leading figure in the peace movement in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and among the founders of the ecopax movement. Consequently, Mechtersheimer's political career has seen him move from Bavarian CSU to the Greens in the 1980s. Later he distanced himself from the Greens as well, for their purported lack of patriotism. Afterward Mechtersheimer has organized various movements known for their \"stridently nationalist brand of national pacifism\". His politics since the 1990s have been self-described as \"Nationalpazifismus\" (roughly: national-pacifist).", "Q315099": "John Peter Sarsgaard (; born March 7, 1971) is an American actor. His first feature role was in Dead Man Walking in 1995. He then appeared in the 1998 independent films Another Day in Paradise and Desert Blue. That same year, Sarsgaard received a substantial role in The Man in the Iron Mask (1998), playing Raoul, the ill-fated son of Athos. Sarsgaard later achieved critical recognition when he was cast in Boys Don't Cry (1999) as John Lotter. He landed his first leading role in the 2001 film The Center of the World. The following year, he played supporting roles in Empire, The Salton Sea, and K-19: The Widowmaker.\nFor his portrayal of Charles Lane in Shattered Glass, Sarsgaard won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor and was nominated for the 2004 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Sarsgaard has appeared in an eclectic range of films, including the 2004 comedy-drama Garden State, the biographical film Kinsey (2004), the drama The Dying Gaul (2005), and big-budget films such as Flightplan (2005), Jarhead (2005), The Skeleton Key (2005), Orphan (2009), An Education (2009), Knight and Day (2010), Green Lantern (2011), Lovelace (2013), Kelly Reichardt's Night Moves (2013), Blue Jasmine (2013), Black Mass (2015), and The Magnificent Seven (2016). Sarsgaard also appeared in the U.S. TV series The Killing (2013) as a man on death row perhaps wrongfully convicted for the brutal murder of his wife\u2014a performance which he says included \"some of the best acting I have ever done in my life.\"Sarsgaard has appeared in Off-Broadway productions including Kingdom of Earth, Laura Dennis, Burn This, and Uncle Vanya. In September 2008, he made his Broadway debut as Boris Alexeyevich Trigorin in The Seagull. He is married to actress Maggie Gyllenhaal.", "Q716001": "Art\u00far G\u00f6rgei de G\u00f6rg\u0151 et Toporc (born Arthur G\u00f6rgey; Hungarian: g\u00f6rg\u0151i \u00e9s toporci G\u00f6rgei Art\u00far, German: Arthur G\u00f6rgey von G\u00f6rg\u0151 und Toporc; 30 January 1818 \u2013 21 May 1916) was a Hungarian military leader renowned for being one of the greatest generals of the Hungarian Revolutionary Army.\nIn his youth G\u00f6rgei was a talented chemist, with his work in the field of chemistry being recognized by many renowned Hungarian and European chemists; however, he is more widely known for his role in the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence of 1848\u20131849, as the most successful general and greatest military genius of the Hungarian army, the leader of the victorious Spring Campaign, which liberated almost all Western Hungary from the Austrian occupation. As a recognition of his military successes, he was decorated by the Hungarian Government, and given him also political positions: he became Minister of War, and in the last few days of the revolution, he was appointed the dictator of Hungary, which meant that he gathered in his hands all military and political powers of Hungary. Seeing that he could not withstand the numerically and technologically 4\u20135 times superior Austrian and Russian armies, on 13 August 1849 he surrendered his troops to the Russians at Vil\u00e1gos, thus ending the Hungarian revolution.\nG\u00f6rgei's relationship and conflicts with Lajos Kossuth, the foremost politician and president-governor of the revolutionary Hungary, influenced the course of the war of independence and his military career but also his post-revolutionary life until his death. During his campaigns in the Winter and summer of 1848\u20131849, he entered in conflict with Kossuth, because of their different opinions about the military movements, and because G\u00f6rgei disapproved the Declaration of the Hungarian Independence, the architect of which was Kossuth. The latter avoided many times to name G\u00f6rgei to the Main Commandement of the Hungarian army, naming instead of him weak commanders, like Henryk Dembi\u0144ski or L\u00e1z\u00e1r M\u00e9sz\u00e1ros, weakening the military actions against the enemy armies.\nAfter his surrender to the Russian army, he was not executed, like many of his generals, but, thanks to the Russian demand for his forgiveness, he was taken by the Austrians in Klagenfurt in Carinthia, and kept under surveillance, until 1867, when, thanks to the amnesty issued as a result of the Hungarian-Austrian Compromise, and founding of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, he could return in Hungary. After a several years of hardships in different parts of Hungary, where he tried to find, without success, a suitable job, his brother, Istv\u00e1n G\u00f6rgey, provided him a home in Visegr\u00e1d, where Art\u00far G\u00f6rgei lived the last decades of his life.\nAfter his returning in Hungary, during almost all his life, the Hungarian public opinion was hostile to G\u00f6rgei, because some false accusations. Kossuth's Letter from Vidin, written in the aftermath of G\u00f6rgei's Surrender, instilled a long-lasting hatred for G\u00f6rgei amongst the Hungarians, many of whom came to believe that he was a traitor. In the 20th century, this characterization was challenged by modern research. As a result, G\u00f6rgei is less often considered treasonous, and his reputation as one of the most talented and successful Hungarian generals of the 19th century has been restored, being regarded as one of Hungary's greatest historical heroes.", "Q270601": "Clara Isabel Alegr\u00eda Vides (May 12, 1924 \u2013 January 25, 2018), also known by her pseudonym Claribel Alegr\u00eda, was a Nicaraguan-Salvadoran poet, essayist, novelist, and journalist who was a major voice in the literature of contemporary Central America. She was awarded the 2006 Neustadt International Prize for Literature.", "Q3109712": "Star Trak was an American record label, founded by The Neptunes in 2002. It operated as a division of Interscope Geffen A&M, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. Its name is a reference to the 1960s TV program Star Trek.", "Q79115": "Rudolf Hruska (2 July 1915 in Vienna \u2013 4 December 1995 in Turin) was an Austrian automobile designer and engineer, most famous for his design of various Alfa Romeo cars.\nAfter graduating Vienna University of Technology he worked for Magirus in Ulm (1935\u201338) and Porsche in Stuttgart (1938\u201345), developing the Kdf-Wagen (1939) and Tiger I tank (1943). In Meran he and Carlo Abarth established a Porsche dealership (1945), and shortly after joined Piero Dusio in the Turin-based Cisitalia racing car project (1946\u201349). Hruska joined Finmeccanica (1951\u201354), consulting on the Alfa Romeo 1900. At Alfa Romeo (1954\u201359) he assisted Orazio Satta Puliga in the Alfa Romeo Giulietta, before joining Simca and Fiat (1960\u201367), working on the Simca 1000 and Fiat 124/Fiat 128. Hruska then designed the Alfa Romeo Alfasud and established the new Alfa Romeo Pomigliano d'Arco plant near Naples (1967\u201373). Since then he was in a design firm in Arese (1974\u201380) and at I.DE.A Institute in Turin (1980-).", "Q266063": "The Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Slovene: Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti (SAZU)) is the national academy of Slovenia, which encompasses science and the arts and brings together the top Slovene researchers and artists as members of the academy.", "Q6391891": "Kent School is a private, co-educational college preparatory school in Kent, Connecticut, United States. Frederick Herbert Sill, Order of the Holy Cross, established the school in 1906 and it retains its affiliation with the Episcopal Church of the United States.", "Q365218": "Charles Michael Schwab (February 18, 1862 \u2013 September 18, 1939) was an American steel magnate. Under his leadership, Bethlehem Steel became the second-largest steel maker in the United States, and one of the most important heavy manufacturers in the world.", "Q525467": "Andrew Steven Bown (born 27 March 1946) is an English musician, who has specialised in keyboards and bass guitar. He is a member of the rock band Status Quo.", "Q288804": "Irene Montal\u00e0 (born July 18, 1976) is a Spanish actress born in the district of Nou Barris of Barcelona. She is the daughter of Merc\u00e8 Montal\u00e0. She studied interpretation with Txiki Berrando and Manuel Lillo. She has also studied dancing and singing. Her mother tongues are Spanish and Catalan, although she has also studied English and French. She started as an actress in series Poblenou (TV3). In 2001, she starred in the film Fausto 5.0. In 2002, she participated in the series ''Por Palabras'' like Barbara which in the end it wasn't finished. In 2004 she appeared in an episodic way in the series Cu\u00e9ntame como pas\u00f3 (La 1), where she played the role of Mila.\nThree years later she returned to television in the series Telecinco Cientific RIS, which wasn't renewed because of the public indexes.\nIn 2008, she played Monica in Herederos, on La 1, a successful series on the public channel, in which she starred alongside well-known actors like:: Concha Velasco or Carme El\u00edas.\nThese are only a few of the series in which she has participated. The list also includes: Mirall trencat (TV3 \u2013 2002), where she played the role of Sofia, the daughter of the protagonist and Mar de Fons (TV3 \u2013 2006/2007), where she played the role of Judit, the \"evil\" of the series among others. \nWhere Irene became famous was in El Internado, a successful mystery series on Antena 3, during 2009. She played the role of Rebeca, a teacher that in the beginning seemed a calm person, but in fact she was a nazi fighter. Her role, actions, and movements were centered on a beautiful relationship with Martin (Ismael Mart\u00ednez, who had also participated in Cientific RIS). In 2010, the series ended an thus her role finished. \nApart from taking part in TV series, she has also acted in multiple films. Some of the films include: La mujer del anarquista, Body Armour, Andaluc\u00eda, Todo est\u00e1 en el aire, Tu vida en 65, A ras de suelo, Rottweiler, Nubes de verano, Lo mejor que le puede pasar a un cruas\u00e1n, Una casa de locos or Fausto 5.0.\nShe has also worked in theater plays including Primera Plana, Fedra, Lul\u00fa or El Criat. \nHer extended career as an actress was recognised in 2004 with the \"Cartelera Turia a la Actriz Revelaci\u00f3n\" award for Nubes de verano. From 2010 to 2013 she was a main character in the series El Barco for private channel Antena 3 with the role of Julia Wilson, a scientist that works for the ECND (Alejandria project) a secret project with the ultimate goal of helping the human species survive. Her role is that of the doctor on the \"Estrella Polar\" and centers on her comings and goings with Ricardo Montero, the Captain of \"Estrella Polar\" (Juanjo Artero) and with Ulises Garmendia (Mario Casas) along with her animosity towards Gamboa (Juan Pablo Shuk). In 2013, she starred in the film Alpha based on real life events where she plays the role of Sonia. In 2014, she starred in the film Perdona si te llamo amor and the series \"Hermanos\", on Telecinco.", "Q563432": "Sak\u0131p Sabanc\u0131 (7 April 1933 \u2013 10 April 2004) was a prominent Turkish business tycoon and philanthropist.\n\n", "Q1820387": "Leroy Hutson (born June 4, 1945) is an American soul and R&B singer, songwriter, arranger, producer and instrumentalist, best known as former lead singer of R&B vocal group The Impressions.\nHis music concerns '70s soul, as noted in the June 29, 2006 issue of Rolling Stone magazine. He is the father of producer JR Hutson.\n\n", "Q89594": "Dr. Ernst Ziehm (1 May 1867 \u2013 7 July 1962) was a Danzig-based German politician from the conservative German National People's Party and President of the Senate of the Free City of Danzig from 1931 to 1933. Born in Damerau, West Prussia, Ziehm studied jurisprudence and judicial Intern in Strasbourg and Marienweder from 1905 to 1914. Then he became judicial official in Oppeln. In 1914, he became an administrator in Danzig. From 1931 to 1933 he served as President of the Senate of the Free City of Danzig (Head of State). After 1933, he was replaced by Hermann Rauschning, as Nazis seized control over the city-state's government. Ziehm died in L\u00fcbeck in 1962.", "Q482814": "Roh Hoe-chan (Korean: \ub178\ud68c\ucc2c, 31 August 1956 \u2013 23 July 2018) was a South Korean politician. He was a member of the 17th, 19th, and 20th National Assemblies. A progressive, and a prominent socialist politician, Roh was involved with multiple progressive-leaning parties, lately with the Justice Party from 2012 until his death in 2018.", "Q275779": "Monica Elizabeth \"Mona\" Freeman (June 9, 1926 \u2013 May 23, 2014) was an American actress and painter. Her daughter, Monie Ellis (born 1947), became an actress as well.", "Q72040": "Joseph von Auffenberg (25 August 1798 Freiburg \u2013 25 December 1857 Freiburg) was a German dramatist.", "Q126399": "Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. (commonly known as Warner Bros. and abbreviated as WB), is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Warner Bros. Studios complex in Burbank, California, and a division of AT&T's WarnerMedia. Founded in 1923 by brothers Harry, Albert, Sam, and Jack Warner, the company established itself as a leader in the American film industry before diversifying into animation, television, and video games, and is one of the \"Big Five\" major American film studios, as well as a member of the Motion Picture Association (MPA).\nThe company is known for its film studio division, the Warner Bros. Pictures Group, which includes Warner Bros. Pictures, New Line Cinema, the Warner Animation Group, Castle Rock Entertainment, and DC Films. Among its other assets include the television production and syndication company Warner Bros. Television; animation studios Warner Bros. Animation and Cartoon Network Studios; comic book publisher DC Comics; video game development and publishing arm Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment; cable television channels Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, Boomerang and Turner Classic Movies; and a 50% interest in The CW television network, which is co-owned with ViacomCBS. Warner Bros. also operates various divisions specializing in publishing, merchandising, music, theater; and theme parks. Bugs Bunny, a cartoon character created as part of the Looney Tunes series, serves as the company's official mascot.", "Q234043": "Candice Night (born May 8, 1971) is an American vocalist/lyricist, multi-instrumentalist for the traditional folk rock project Blackmore's Night since its origins in 1997, and wife of British guitarist Ritchie Blackmore. Her first solo album, Reflections, was released in 2011.", "Q535674": "Weilheim in Oberbayern is a town in Germany, the capital of the district Weilheim-Schongau in the south of Bavaria. Weilheim has an old city-wall, historic houses and a museum.", "Q42183": "The Whig Party was a political party active in the middle of the 19th century in the United States. Alongside the Democratic Party, it was one of the two major parties in the United States during the late 1830s, the 1840s, and the early 1850s, part of the Second Party System. Four U.S. presidents were affiliated with the Whig Party for at least part of their respective terms. Other influential party leaders include Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, William Seward, John J. Crittenden, and Truman Smith.\nThe Whigs emerged in the 1830s in opposition to President Andrew Jackson, pulling together former members of the National Republican Party, the Anti-Masonic Party, and disaffected Democrats. The Whigs had some links to the defunct Federalist Party, but the Whig Party was not a direct successor to that party and many Whig leaders, including Henry Clay, had aligned with the rival Democratic-Republican Party. In the 1836 presidential election, four different Whig candidates received electoral votes, but the party failed to defeat Jackson's chosen successor, Martin Van Buren. Whig nominee William Henry Harrison unseated Van Buren in the 1840 presidential election, but died just one month into his term. Harrison's successor, John Tyler, was expelled from the party in 1841 after clashing with Clay and other Whig Party leaders over economic policies such as the re-establishment of a national bank.\nClay won his party's nomination in the 1844 presidential election but was defeated by Democrat James K. Polk, who subsequently presided over the Mexican\u2013American War. Whig nominee Zachary Taylor won the 1848 presidential election, but Taylor died in 1850 and was succeeded by Millard Fillmore. Fillmore, Clay, Daniel Webster, and Democrat Stephen A. Douglas led the passage of the Compromise of 1850, which helped to defuse sectional tensions in the aftermath of the Mexican\u2013American War. Nonetheless, the Whigs suffered a decisive defeat in the 1852 presidential election partly due to sectional divisions within the party. The Whigs collapsed following the passage of the Kansas\u2013Nebraska Act in 1854, with most Northern Whigs eventually joining the anti-slavery Republican Party and most Southern Whigs joining the nativist American Party and later the Constitutional Union Party. The last vestiges of the Whig Party faded away after the American Civil War, but Whig ideas remained influential for decades.\nThe Whigs favored an interventionist economic program known as the American System, which called for a protective tariff, federal subsidies for the construction of infrastructure, and support for a national bank. The party also advocated modernization, meritocracy, the rule of law, protections against majority tyranny, and vigilance against executive tyranny. The Whig base of support was centered among entrepreneurs, planters, reformers, Protestants, and the emerging urban middle class, but it had relatively little backing from farmers or unskilled workers. The party was active in both the Northern United States and the Southern United States and did not take a strong stance on slavery, but Northern Whigs tended to be less supportive of that institution than their Democratic counterparts.", "Q310687": "Niccol\u00f2 Piccinni (Italian: [nikko\u02c8l\u0254 ppit\u02c8t\u0283inni]; 16 January [O.S. 5 January] 1728 - 7 May 1800) was an Italian composer of symphonies, sacred music, chamber music, and opera. Although he is somewhat obscure today, Piccinni was one of the most popular composers of opera\u2014particularly the Neapolitan opera buffa\u2014of his day.", "Q182349": "William Broderick Crawford (December 9, 1911 \u2013 April 26, 1986) was an American stage, film, radio, and television actor, often cast in tough-guy roles and best known for his Oscar- and Golden Globe-winning portrayal of Willie Stark in All the King's Men (1949) and for his starring role as Dan Mathews in the television series Highway Patrol (1955\u20131959).Until filming All the King's Men, Crawford's career had been largely limited to \"B films\" in supporting or character roles. He realized he did not fit the role of a handsome leading man, once describing himself as looking like a \"retired pugilist\". Nevertheless, he excelled in roles playing villains and authoritarian figures.", "Q1871876": "Louis Raphael \"Lou\" Mucci (December 13, 1909, Syracuse, New York - January 4, 2000) was an American jazz trumpeter.\nMucci began as a baritone horn player and was appearing in professional settings by the time he was ten years old. As a teenager he switched to trumpet and worked in the late 1930s with Mildred Bailey and Red Norvo before joining Glenn Miller's ensemble in 1938-1939. During World War II he played in the bands of Bob Chester, Hal McIntyre, Claude Thornhill, and Benny Goodman. In the first half of the 1950s he worked as a house musician for CBS and also recorded with Buddy DeFranco and Artie Shaw; later in the decade he worked with Miles Davis, Helen Merrill, and John LaPorta. His association with Davis lasted into the early 1960s; he also played with Kenny Burrell in 1964.", "Q107357": "Ludwig Hartau (19 February 1877 \u2013 24 November 1922) was a German actor.", "Q64622": "Schwellbrunn is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q22677": "Michael Stern Hart (March 8, 1947 \u2013 September 6, 2011) was an American author, best known as the inventor of the e-book and the founder of Project Gutenberg (PG), the first project to make e-books freely available via the Internet. He published e-books years before the Internet existed via the ARPANET, and later on BBS networks and Gopher servers.Hart devoted his life after founding PG in 1971 to digitizing and distributing literature from works in the public domain with free and expired copyrights. The first e-books were typed in plain text format and published as text files; other formats were made available later. Hart typed most of the early e-books himself; later, volunteers expanded the project.", "Q245862": "Vaibhavi Merchant (born 17 December 1975) is an Indian dance choreographer working in Bollywood films.", "Q1057003": "James Owen Sullivan (February 9, 1981 \u2013 December 28, 2009), professionally known by his stage name The Rev (shortened version of The Reverend Tholomew Plague), was an American musician, best known as the drummer, songwriter, backing vocalist and founding member of the American heavy metal band Avenged Sevenfold. The Rev was widely regarded and critically acclaimed for his work on Avenged Sevenfold albums, and contributed entire songs composed by himself, such as \"Afterlife\", \"A Little Piece of Heaven\", and \"Almost Easy\". He was also the lead vocalist/pianist in Pinkly Smooth, a side project where he was known by the name Rathead, with fellow Avenged Sevenfold member, guitarist Synyster Gates (Brian Elwin Haner Jr.), and he was the drummer for Suburban Legends from 1998 to 1999.", "Q3818061": "David Tzur (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05b8\u05bc\u05d5\u05b4\u05d3 \u05e6\u05d5\u05bc\u05e8; born 15 July 1959) is an Israeli politician and former policeman. He served as a member of the Knesset for Hatnuah between 2013 and 2015.", "Q117144": "Mikl\u00f3s Horthy de Nagyb\u00e1nya (Hungarian: Vit\u00e9z nagyb\u00e1nyai Horthy Mikl\u00f3s; Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8vite\u02d0z \u02c8n\u0252\u025fba\u02d0\u0272\u0252i \u02c8horti \u02c8miklo\u02d0\u0283]; English: Nicholas Horthy; German: Nikolaus Horthy Ritter von Nagyb\u00e1nya; 18 June 1868 \u2013 9 February 1957) was a Hungarian admiral and statesman, who became the Regent of Hungary. He served as Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary between World Wars I and II and throughout most of World War II, from 1 March 1920 to 15 October 1944. He was styled His Serene Highness the Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian: \u0150 F\u0151m\u00e9lt\u00f3s\u00e1ga a Magyar Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g Korm\u00e1nyz\u00f3ja.\nHorthy started his career as a Sub-Lieutenant in the Austro-Hungarian Navy in 1896 and attained the rank of Rear-Admiral in 1918. He saw action in the Battle of the Strait of Otranto and became Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the last year of the First World War; he was promoted to Vice-Admiral and Commander of the Fleet when the previous Admiral was dismissed from his post by Emperor Karl following mutinies. In 1919, following a series of revolutions and external interventions in Hungary from Romania, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia, Horthy returned to Budapest with the National Army and was subsequently invited to become Regent of the Kingdom by parliament.\nHorthy led a national conservative\ngovernment through the interwar period, banning the Hungarian Communist Party as well as the Arrow Cross Party, and pursuing an irredentist foreign policy in the face of the Treaty of Trianon. King Charles IV unsuccessfully attempted twice to return to Hungary until, in 1921, the Hungarian Government caved in to Allied threats to renew hostilities. King Charles was escorted out of Hungary on a British warship into exile.\nIn the late 1930s, Horthy's foreign policy led him into a reluctant alliance with Germany against the Soviet Union. With the begrudging support of Adolf Hitler, Horthy was able to recover certain Hungarian lands removed from them by the Allies. Under Horthy's leadership, Hungary gave support to Polish refugees in 1939 and participated in a supportive (as opposed to front-line) role in the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, and during the German invasion of Yugoslavia the same year occupied and annexed former Hungarian territories which had been given to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (from 1929 Yugoslavia) by the Allies after the First World War. Horthy's reluctance to contribute to the German war effort and the Holocaust in Hungary, as well as refusing to hand over more than 600,000 of the 825,000 Hungarian Jews to German authorities, coupled with several attempts to strike a secret deal with the Allies of World War II after it had become obvious that Axis would lose the war, eventually led the Germans to invade and take control of the country in March 1944 in Operation Margarethe. In October 1944, Horthy announced that Hungary had declared an armistice with the Allies and withdrawn from the Axis. He was forced to resign, placed under arrest by the Germans and taken to Bavaria. At the end of the war, he came under the custody of American troops.After appearing as a witness at the Nuremberg war-crimes trials in 1948, Horthy settled and lived out his remaining years in exile in Portugal. His memoirs, Ein Leben f\u00fcr Ungarn (A Life for Hungary), were first published in 1953. He is perceived as a controversial historical figure in contemporary Hungary.", "Q370173": "The Sultanate of Egypt (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u200e) was the short-lived protectorate that the United Kingdom imposed over Egypt between 1914 and 1922.\n\n", "Q193250": "Bulawayo (/\u02ccb\u028al\u0259\u02c8w\u0251jo\u028a, -\u02c8we\u026a\u0259\u028a/; Ndebele: koBulawayo) is the second largest city in Zimbabwe, and the largest city in the country's Matabeleland. The city's population is disputed; the 2012 census listed it at 653,337, while the Bulawayo City Council claimed it to be about 1.2 million. Bulawayo covers an area of about 1,707 square kilometres (659 sq mi) in the western part of the country, along the Matsheumhlope River. Along with the capital Harare, Bulawayo is one of two cities in Zimbabwe that is also a province.\nBulawayo was founded around 1840 as the kraal of Mzilikazi, the Ndebele king. His son, Lobengula, succeeded him in the 1860s, and ruled from Bulawayo until 1893, when the settlement was captured by British South Africa Company soldiers during the First Matabele War. That year, the first white settlers arrived and rebuilt the town. The town was besieged by Ndebele warriors during the Second Matabele War. Bulawayo attained municipality status in 1897, and city status in 1943.\nHistorically Bulawayo has been the principal industrial centre of Zimbabwe; its factories produce cars and car products, building materials, electronic products, textiles, furniture, and food products. Bulawayo is also the hub of Zimbabwe's rail network and the headquarters of the National Railways of Zimbabwe. In recent years, the city's economy has struggled, as many factories either closed or moved operations to Harare. Still, Bulawayo has the highest Human Development Index in the country, at .649 as of 2017.\nBulawayo's central business district (CBD) covers 5.4 square kilometres (2.1 sq mi) in the heart of the city, and is surrounded by numerous suburbs towards the outskirts. The majority of the city's population belong to the Ndebele people, with minorities of Shona and other groups. Bulawayo is home to over a dozen colleges and universities, most notably the National University of Science and Technology. The Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe, formerly the National Museum, is located in Bulawayo. The city is in close proximity to tourist sites such as Matobo National Park and the Khami World Heritage Site.\n\n", "Q65528": "Oberrieden is a municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. It is one of the towns along the south shore of Lake Zurich.", "Q288810": "ACT is a German record label founded in 1992 by Siegfried Loch. It is a division of ACT + Music Video founded by Loch and Annette Humpe in 1988. ACT started as a pop music label but folded soon after it started. Loch turned it into a jazz label, at first reissuing music he had recorded for Liberty, Philips, and WEA before turning to new recordings.ACT's first release was the album Jazzpa\u00f1a by Vince Mendoza and Arif Mardin and featured Michael Brecker, Al Di Meola, and Steve Khan. It earned two Grammy nominations. ACT was voted Label of the Year in the German ECHO Jazz online poll four times in a row from 2010 to 2013.", "Q467132": "Arcueil [a\u0281k\u0153j] is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 5.3 km (3.3 mi) from the center of Paris.\n\n", "Q101732": "Oscar Ludwig Levy (28 March 1867 \u2013 13 August 1946) was a German Jewish physician and writer, now known as a scholar of Friedrich Nietzsche, whose works he first saw translated systematically into English. His was a paradoxical life, of self-exile and exile, and of writing on and (as often taken) against Judaism. He was influenced by the racialist theories of Arthur de Gobineau. He also admired Benjamin Disraeli, two of whose novels he translated into the German language.", "Q12978": "Guy Maurice Marie Louise Verhofstadt (Dutch: [\u02c8\u0263i\u02d0 v\u0259r\u02c8\u0266\u0254fst\u0251t] (listen); French: [\u0261i v\u0259\u0281\u0254fstad]; born 11 April 1953) is a Belgian politician who was the Leader of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe from 2009 to 2019, and has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Belgium since 2009. He was the 47th Prime Minister of Belgium from 1999 to 2008, Deputy Prime Minister of Belgium from 1985 to 1992 and Minister of Budget from 1985 to 1992. He was a Member of the Chamber of Representatives from 1985 to 2009.\nSince 2009, he has been a Member of the European Parliament, led the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group (ALDE) from 2009 to 2019, and founded the inter-parliamentarian federalist Spinelli Group. He was the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party nominee for President of the European Commission in the 2014 European Parliament election, and has been the European Parliament's Brexit Coordinator and Chair of the Brexit Steering Group since 2016. He is an advocate for federalisation of the European Union.\n\n", "Q34001": "Roubaix (French: [\u0281ub\u025b] or [\u0281ube]; Dutch: Robaais) is a city in northern France, located in the Lille metropolitan area on the Belgian border. It is a historically mono-industrial commune in the Nord department, which grew rapidly in the 19th century from its textile industries, with most of the same characteristic features as those of English and American boom towns. This former new town has faced many challenges linked to deindustrialisation such as urban decay, with their related economic and social implications, since its major industries fell into decline by the middle of the 1970s. Located to the northeast of Lille, adjacent to Tourcoing, Roubaix is the chef-lieu of two cantons and the third largest city in the French region of Hauts-de-France ranked by population with nearly 96,000 inhabitants.\nTogether with the nearby cities of Lille, Tourcoing, Villeneuve-d'Ascq and eighty-six other communes, Roubaix gives structure to a four-centred metropolitan area inhabited by more than 1.1 million people: the European Metropolis of Lille. To a greater extent, Roubaix is in the center of a vast conurbation formed with the Belgian cities of Mouscron, Kortrijk and Tournai, which gave birth to the first European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation in January 2008, Lille\u2013Kortrijk\u2013Tournai with an aggregate population of over 2 million inhabitants.", "Q1236451": "Johnny Mars (born December 7, 1942) is an American electric blues harmonica player, singer, and songwriter. Over a long career, he has worked with Magic Sam, Earl Hooker, B.B. King, Jimi Hendrix, Jesse Fuller, Spencer Davis, Ian Gillan, Do-Re-Mi, Bananarama and Michael Roach.", "Q178597": "Robert Bloet (sometimes Robert Bloett; died 1123) was Bishop of Lincoln 1093-1123 and Chancellor of England. Born into a noble Norman family, he became a royal clerk under King William I. Under William I's son and successor King William II, Bloet was first named chancellor then appointed to the See of Lincoln. Continuing to serve the king while bishop, Bloet remained a close royal councillor to William II's successor, King Henry I. He did much to embellish Lincoln Cathedral, and gave generously to his cathedral and other religious houses. He educated a number of noblemen, including illegitimate children of Henry I. He also was the patron of the medieval chronicler Henry of Huntingdon, and was an early patron of Gilbert of Sempringham, the founder of the Gilbertine monastic order.\n\n", "Q183043": "James Augustus Johnson (May 16, 1829 \u2013 May 11, 1896) was a U.S. Representative from California who went on to serve as the state's 14th Lieutenant Governor.", "Q714602": "Floyd Council (September 2, 1911 \u2013 May 9, 1976) was an American blues guitarist, mandolin player, and singer. He was a practitioner of the Piedmont blues, which was popular in the southeastern United States in the 1920s and 1930s. He was sometimes credited as Dipper Boy Council and promoted as \"The Devil's Daddy-in-Law\".", "Q57100321": "Erica Malunguinho da Silva (born November 20, 1981 in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil) is a Brazilian politician elected into state congress on October 7, 2018 after receiving around 54,400 votes. She made history by being the first transgender person to be elected to that body in Brazil in its over 180 years of existence. Da Silva created the urban quilombo Aparelha Luzia, a black cultural space that brings people of African descent together in solidarity, and is also a space for art, discussion, and performances surrounding the idea of blackness and black culture.\nShortly after high school, da Silva moved to S\u00e3o Paulo and began to embrace her transgender identity through her official transition. After graduating from University of S\u00e3o Paulo, she spent time working as an artist, activist, and educator. Da Silva's election platform had five major features: Political Renewal, Enlargement of the Debate, the idea of the Quilombo, Fundamental Rights, and Political Challenges.", "Q88846": "Barbara Weiler (born 17 September 1946 in D\u00fcsseldorf) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2014. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Socialist Group. \nWeiker joined the SPD in 1970.\nDuring her term in office, Weiler served on the European Parliament's Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection. In this capacity, she was the Parliament's rapporteur on the Late Payment Directive (2010-2011) and the Radio Equipment Directive (2013-2014).In addition to her committee assignments, Weiler was a substitute for the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, a member of the Delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and a substitute for the Delegation for relations with Japan. She was also part of a monitoring mission during the Ukrainian presidential election in 2014.\n\n", "Q1198114": "Jens Albert (born 27 September 1973 in L\u00fcdinghausen), better known as Der Wolf, is a German rapper. He was most successful with his charting debut album Das Album in 1996 and singles \"Gibt's doch gar nicht\" and \"Oh Shit - Frau Schmidt\".", "Q290087": "\u00c9tienne P\u00e9rier (born 11 December 1931) is a Belgian film director.", "Q118263": "Ales Bialiatski (Belarusian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0411\u044f\u043b\u044f\u0446\u043a\u0456/Ale\u015b Bialacki, sometimes transliterated as Ales Bialacki, Ales Byalyatski, Alies Bialiacki and Alex Belyatsky) is a Belarusian civic leader and former prisoner of conscience known for his work with the Human Rights Centre \u201cViasna\u201d\n\n", "Q1282692": "Eddie Bond (July 1, 1933 \u2013 March 20, 2013) was an American rockabilly singer and guitarist.", "Q117150": "Zigmantas Bal\u010dytis (born 16 November 1953 in \u0160ilut\u0117 district municipality) is a Lithuanian politician who briefly served as acting Prime Minister of Lithuania in 2006. He took office on 1 June 2006 following the resignation of Algirdas Brazauskas, but failed to be approved by the Parliament to become Prime Minister. He was succeeded on 4 July by Gediminas Kirkilas. Bal\u010dytis is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania and was Minister of Finance in the Brazauskas government.", "Q229760": "Rita Sahat\u00e7iu Ora (born Rita Sahat\u00e7iu; 26 November 1990) is an English singer, songwriter and actress. She rose to prominence in February 2012 when she featured on DJ Fresh's single \"Hot Right Now\", which reached number one in the UK. Her debut studio album, Ora, released in August 2012, debuted at number one in the United Kingdom. The album contained the UK number-one singles, \"R.I.P.\" and \"How We Do (Party)\". Ora was the artist with the most number-one singles on the UK Singles Chart in 2012, with three singles reaching the top position.Ora's second studio album, Phoenix, was released in November 2018. The lead single, \"Your Song\", reached the UK top ten, and the subsequent singles \"Anywhere\" and \"Let You Love Me\" reached the top five in the UK. \"Let You Love Me\" made Ora the first British female solo artist to have thirteen top ten songs in the United Kingdom.", "Q70643": "M\u00f6rel-Filet is a municipality in the district of \u00d6stlich Raron in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It was formed on 1. January 2009 when M\u00f6rel and Filet were merged.", "Q709135": "Karena Lam (Chinese: \u6797\u5609\u6b23; pinyin: L\u00edn Ji\u0101x\u012bn; Cantonese Yale: L\u00e0m G\u0101y\u0101n; born 17 August 1978) is a Taiwanese-Canadian, actress and singer based in Hong Kong. In 2015, she won the Best Actress award at the Golden Horse Awards for her role in Zinnia Flower, making her the first person ever to have won all of the following three Golden Horse awards: Best Lead Actress, Best Supporting Actress and Best New Performer.", "Q2081667": "Raymond Wadih Audi (born 1932 in Sidon, Lebanon) is a Lebanese banker, politician and businessman. He is the honorary chairman of the board and general manager of Bank Audi SAL \u2013 Bank Audi Group, Lebanon.", "Q39525": "Claus Luthe (December 8, 1932 \u2013 March 17, 2008) was a German car designer, noted for his design work on the NSU Ro 80, Volkswagen K70 and numerous seminal models from Audi and BMW. Luthe was a pioneer of aerodynamics and digital design within the automotive field.On his death in 2008, The Guardian called Luthe \"one of the most important figures in postwar European car styling.\"", "Q561231": "Hans Philipp August Albers (22 September 1891 \u2013 24 July 1960) was a German actor and singer. He was the biggest male movie star in Germany between 1930 and 1960 and one of the most popular German actors of the twentieth century.", "Q465725": "Sarm\u012bte \u0112lerte (born 8 April 1957, Riga, Latvian SSR) is a Latvian politician, member of the Unity party and former Minister of Culture of Latvia from 3 November 2010 until 25 October 2011.\u0112lerte graduated from the Faculty of Journalism of the University of Latvia in 1980. In 1983-1988 she studied film critics at the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography in Moscow. From 1978 to 1988 she worked as a journalist in the magazine \"M\u0101ksla Literature\". In 1988 she joined the Popular Front of Latvia where she organized the information department. After the victory of the Front in the 1990 election she was the director of the Information Centre of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia. She served this function until 1991. In 1990 she was appointed chief of the newly created \"Diena\" newspaper and two years later she became the newspaper's head editor. She held this position until 2008. She was a head of the Latvian branch of the Soros Foundation in 1997\u20132006. In 2007 \u0112lerte became a founding member of the European Council on Foreign Relations, which included, among others Mart Laar, Martti Ahtisaari, Joschka Fischer and George Soros. She is a head of the Baltic to Black Sea Alliance. Until 2009 she is a chair of National Council for Culture.In 2007, along with Sandra Kalniete she was the initiator of the so-called Umbrella revolution (Lietussargu Revolucija) directed against the oligarchy and the ruling class. In 2010 she was engaged in a process of consolidation of the Latvian center-right forces. In March 2010, she founded the Association for Progressive Change them. Zigfr\u012bds Anna Meierovics.In the elections of 2010 she established the electoral platform of \"Unity\" in Semigallia from which she was elected to the Saeima (Latvian Parliament). On November 3, 2010 she was appointed as the minister of culture in the second government of Valdis Dombrovskis. She held this position until October 25, 2011. She lost in the 2011 election to the Saeima. She was advisor to Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis. On November 26, 2012 she was nominated a candidate for the office of mayor of Riga by the Unity party.\n\n", "Q312084": "Melvyn Douglas (born Melvyn Edouard Hesselberg, April 5, 1901 \u2013 August 4, 1981) was an American actor. Douglas came to prominence in the 1930s as a suave leading man, perhaps best typified by his performance in the 1939 romantic comedy Ninotchka with Greta Garbo. Douglas later played mature and fatherly characters, as in his Academy Award\u2013winning performances in Hud (1963) and Being There (1979) and his Academy Award\u2013nominated performance in I Never Sang for My Father (1970). In the last few years of his life Douglas appeared in films with supernatural stories involving ghosts. Douglas appeared as \"Senator Joseph Carmichael\" in The Changeling in 1980 and Ghost Story in 1981 in his final completed film role.", "Q60450": "The Curtis Institute of Music is a private conservatory in Philadelphia that offers courses of study leading to a performance diploma, Bachelor of Music, Master of Music in Opera, or Professional Studies Certificate in Opera. It is among the most selective institutes of higher education in the world with an admissions rate between 4 and 5 percent.", "Q1348831": "Lowell Thomas George (April 13, 1945 \u2013 June 29, 1979) was an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer, who was the primary guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter for the rock band Little Feat.", "Q1091124": "Nysa or Nyssa (Greek: \u039d\u03cd\u03c3(\u03c3)\u03b1, flourished early 2nd century BC) was a Greek Seleucid princess and a queen of the Kingdom of Pontus.", "Q5489": "Troyes (French pronunciation: [t\u0281wa] (listen)) is a commune and the capital of the department of Aube in the Grand Est region of north-central France. It is located on the Seine river about 140 km (87 mi) south-east of Paris. \nTroyes is situated within the Champagne wine region and is near to the Orient Forest Regional Natural Park. Many half-timbered houses (mainly of the 16th century) survive in the old town. Troyes has been in existence since the Roman era, then known as Augustobona Tricassium, which stood at the hub of numerous highways, primarily the Via Agrippa.", "Q198305": "Margaret Lucy Sharp, Baroness Sharp of Guildford (born 21 November 1938) is a former member of the House of Lords of the United Kingdom. She sat as a Liberal Democrat.\n\n", "Q66021": "Monika Wulf-Mathies (born 1942) is a German politician, who was European Commissioner for Regional Policy.", "Q69474": "Denisse Lillian Laval Soza (born January 19, 1977 in Chile), better known by her stage name Nicole, is a Chilean singer-songwriter, based in Santiago and Miami.\n\n", "Q5964032": "Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon is a 2010 American computer-animated short film produced by DreamWorks Animation and set within the How to Train Your Dragon universe. The film features most of the cast from the original film reprising their roles, and follows Hiccup and his young fellows accompanying their mentor, Gobber, on a quest to kill the legendary Boneknapper Dragon. It originally aired on television via Cartoon Network on October 14, 2010, and was released as a special feature on Blu-ray and double DVD editions of How to Train Your Dragon the next day.", "Q66747": "M\u00f6nchaltorf is a municipality in the district of Uster in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q560649": "Simon Carmiggelt (7 October 1913 \u2013 30 November 1987) was a Dutch writer who became a well known public figure in the Netherlands because of his daily newspaper columns and his television appearances.", "Q144508": "Adolfo Schwelm Cruz (28 June 1923 \u2013 10 February 2012) was a racing driver from Argentina. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 18 January 1953. He scored no championship points.\n\n", "Q231891": "Yvonne Jaqueline Strzechowski (born 30 July 1982), known professionally as Yvonne Strahovski (), is an Australian actress. She is best known for her roles as CIA Agent Sarah Walker in the NBC spy drama series Chuck (2007\u20132012), Hannah McKay in the Showtime drama series Dexter (2012\u20132013), and CIA Agent Kate Morgan in the Fox event series 24: Live Another Day (2014). She stars as Serena Joy Waterford in the Hulu drama series The Handmaid's Tale (2017\u2013present), for which she has received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.\nStrahovski's other notable works include Lego: The Adventures of Clutch Powers (2010), Killer Elite (2011), I, Frankenstein (2014), The Astronaut Wives Club (2015), Manhattan Night (2016), He's Out There (2018), and The Predator (2018). She has also voiced Miranda Lawson in the Mass Effect video game series and Batwoman in the animated superhero film Batman: Bad Blood (2016).", "Q463432": "Ice MC (born Ian Campbell, March 22, 1965) is a British rapper who started his professional music career in Italy when he got signed to Robyx and made his debut with the single \"Easy\". He's best known for the hit singles \"Take Away the Colour\", \"Think About the Way\" \"and \"It's a Rainy Day.\" The Ice MC hits are most notable for being the first songs in the Eurodance genre to blend raggamuffin style rap with female singing choruses. Italian producer and singer Roberto Zanetti (a.k.a. Robyx) and his music team produced the Ice MC hits while simultaneously producing hits for other major '90s artists like Double You, Alexia, and Corona.", "Q76554": "Johann or Johannes Agricola (originally Schneider, then Schnitter) (April 20, 1494 \u2013 September 22, 1566) was a German Protestant Reformer in the Lutheran tradition during the Protestant Reformation. He was a follower and friend of Martin Luther, who became his antagonist in the matter of the binding obligation of the law on Christians.", "Q4665420": "Abdul Elah bin Abdulaziz (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e), also spelled Abdulillah, born 1939) is a member of the House of Saud and was an adviser to the late King Abdullah. He is the second oldest surviving son of King Abdulaziz following his elder half-brother King Salman.", "Q933854": "El Pa\u00eds is a Uruguayan newspaper, first published on September 14, 1918, and distributed nationwide. It previously belonged to the same media group as the television channel Teledoce. Its website is ranked 6th in Uruguay according to Alexa. Its circulation is verified by the Argentine institution IVC.", "Q164800": "Symbolism was a late nineteenth-century art movement of French, Russian and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts.\nIn literature, the style originates with the 1857 publication of Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal. The works of Edgar Allan Poe, which Baudelaire admired greatly and translated into French, were a significant influence and the source of many stock tropes and images. The aesthetic was developed by St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9 and Paul Verlaine during the 1860s and 1870s. In the 1880s, the aesthetic was articulated by a series of manifestos and attracted a generation of writers. The term \"symbolist\" was first applied by the critic Jean Mor\u00e9as, who invented the term to distinguish the Symbolists from the related Decadents of literature and of art.\nDistinct from, but related to, the style of literature, symbolism in art is related to the gothic component of Romanticism and Impressionism.", "Q2744012": "Robert Nimrod \"Bob\" Miner (December 23, 1941 \u2013 November 11, 1994) was an American businessman. He was the co-founder of Oracle Corporation and the producer of Oracle's relational database management system.From 1977 until 1992, Bob Miner led product design and development for the Oracle relational database management system. In Dec., 1992, he left that role and spun off a small, advanced technology group within Oracle. He was an Oracle board member until Oct., 1993.", "Q380280": "Vakhtang \"Buba\" Kikabidze (Georgian: \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 \"\u10d1\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\" \u10d9\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4, Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0445\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0433 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0434\u0437\u0435, Vahtang Konstantinovich Kikabidze; born July 19, 1938) is a Georgian (formerly Soviet) singer, actor, screenwriter, producer, and composer. He performed in a number of films, among them the main role of a helicopter pilot in the iconic Soviet film Mimino.\nThe son of Princess Manana Bagration-Davitashvili, Kikabidze was born in Tbilisi. He is a People's Artist of Georgia, has been awarded the USSR State Prize and the Order of the King Vakhtang Gorgasali as well as of Nikolai Wondermonger and Knight Cross of St. Konstantin the Great. He was also acknowledged by a number of various music contests and film festivals in the Soviet Union, Georgia and worldwide.\nIn 1999, his star was embedded on the \"Star Square\" in Moscow. Apart from Mimino, Kikabidze also performed in a number of other films, including Don't be Sad (Ne Goryui), Melodies of Veriski Quarter (Melodii Verijskogo Kvartala), and Completely Lost (Sovsem propaschij). His last film, Fortune (Fortuna), was directed by the famous Georgian and Soviet film director Georgi Daneliya in 2000.\nAs a screenwriter and director, Kikabidze produced two feature films: Be Well, Dearest One (Bud' zdorov dorogoj), which received the top award at the International Comedy Festival in Gabrovo, Bulgaria, and Men and All Others (Muzhchiny i vse ostal'nye).\nDuring the August 2008 Russian-Georgian war, Kikabidze rejected Russia's Order of Friendship bestowed upon him in July 2008 and cancelled the concert dedicated to his 70th birthday which was to be held at the Kremlin as a protest against Russia's actions.Vakhtang Kikabidze is married and has only one child, a son - Konstantin, and two grandchildren - Vakhtang (Vato) (married Ana Davitashvili - November 24, 2019 at Svetitskhoveli Cathedral) and Ioan. Vakhtang's wife, Irina, has a daughter - Marina, from a previous marriage to her first husband - Guram Sagaradze, a grandson, Giorgi and great-granddaughter, Alexandra. \nThe Kikabidze family is from the Kartli region.\n\n", "Q133780": "Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Symptoms include fever, weakness and headache. Usually this begins one to seven days after exposure. In the bubonic form there is also swelling of lymph nodes, while in the septicemic form tissues may turn black and die, and in the pneumonic form shortness of breath, cough and chest pain may occur.Bubonic and septicemic plague are generally spread by flea bites or handling an infected animal. The pneumonic form is generally spread between people through the air via infectious droplets. Diagnosis is typically by finding the bacterium in fluid from a lymph node, blood or sputum.Those at high risk may be vaccinated. Those exposed to a case of pneumonic plague may be treated with preventive medication. If infected, treatment is with antibiotics and supportive care. Typically antibiotics include a combination of gentamicin and a fluoroquinolone. The risk of death with treatment is about 10% while without it is about 70%.Globally, about 600 cases are reported a year. In 2017, the countries with the most cases include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Madagascar and Peru. In the United States, infections occasionally occur in rural areas, where the bacteria are believed to circulate among rodents. It has historically occurred in large outbreaks, with the best known being the Black Death in the 14th century, which resulted in more than 50 million deaths.", "Q113450": "Homer Hoch (July 4, 1879 \u2013 January 30, 1949) was a United States Representative from Kansas.\n\n", "Q29050": "Mohammad Hatta (listen ;12 August 1902 \u2013 14 March 1980) was an Indonesian politician who served as its first vice president. Known as \"The Proclamator\", he and a number of Indonesians, including the first president of Indonesia, Sukarno, fought for the independence of Indonesia from the Dutch. Hatta was born in Fort de Kock, Dutch East Indies (now Bukittinggi, Indonesia). After his early education, he studied in Dutch schools in the Dutch East Indies and studied in the Netherlands from 1921 until 1932.\nMohammad Hatta is often remembered as Bung Hatta (according to author Pramoedya Ananta Toer, \"bung\" is an affectionate title meaning \"friend\", used to be a way of addressing a person in a familiar way, as an alternative to the old-form \"tuan\", \"mas\" or \"bang\").", "Q2575263": "The Diary of Anne Frank is a BBC adaptation, in association with France 2, of The Diary of a Young Girl originally written by Anne Frank and adapted for television by Deborah Moggach.It was shown from 5\u20139 January 2009 in five half-hour episodes. Representatives of the BBC have said that they \"hope [that] this drama will bring Anne [Frank] alive to viewers of all generations.\" A DVD of the series was released on 12 January 2009. It also aired on the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) Public television in the United States on 11 April 2010, as part of its Masterpiece series. The American broadcast was cut from 150 minutes to 100 and broadcast in one evening instead of over five evenings.\nThe life story of Anne Frank [1] describes about the holocaust in 20th century which is a part of history.\n\n", "Q706560": "John Bertil \"Beppe\" Wolgers (10 November 1928 \u2013 6 August 1986) was a Swedish author, poet, translator, lyricist, actor, entertainer and artist.", "Q191321": "Zen\u00f3n de Somodevilla y Bengoechea, 1st Marquess of Ensenada (April 20, 1702 in Alesanco near Logro\u00f1o \u2013 December 2, 1781), commonly known as the Marquess of Ensenada, was a Spanish statesman.\nLittle is known of Somodevilla's parents, Francisco de Somodevilla and his wife, Francisca de Bengoechea, nor is anything known of his own life prior to entering the civil administration of the Spanish navy as a clerk in 1720. He served in administrative capacities in Ceuta in that year and in the reoccupation of Oran in 1731. His ability was recognized by Don Jos\u00e9 Pati\u00f1o, the chief minister of King Philip V, who promoted him to supervise work at the naval arsenal at Ferrol, the main base of the Spanish Navy's Maritime Department of the North since the time of the early Bourbons.Somodevilla was also involved in the endeavors by the Spanish government to elevate the king's sons by his marriage to Elizabeth Farnese, Charles and Philip, on the thrones of Naples and Parma respectively. In 1736 Charles, afterwards King Charles III of Spain, conferred on Somodevilla the Neapolitan title of Marqu\u00e9s de la Ensenada. While an ensenada is a roadstead or a small bay, some of the ancestry-conscious upper-classes and nobility of the court, envious of the rise of this upstart self-made man delighted in the pun, that the name from the title can be phonetically divided into three Spanish words \"en si nada,\" which means \"in himself nothing.\"In 1742 Ensenada became Secretary of State and War to Philip, duke of Parma. The following year, on April 11, 1743, after Patinos's successor Campillo died, as Marquess of Ensenada, he was chosen by Philip V as Minister of Finance, War, the Navy and the Indies (i.e. the Colonies). Ensenada met the nomination with a nolo episcopari, professing that he was incapable of filling the four posts at once. His reluctance was dismissed by the king, and he became prime minister at the age of forty-one. During the remainder of the king's reign, which lasted till July 11, 1746, and under his successor Ferdinand VI until 1754, Ensenada was the prime minister, leading the country to victory alongside France and Prussia in the War of the Austrian Succession.His administration is notable in Spanish history for the vigour of his policy of internal reform. He drew up reports on the finances and general condition of the country for the new king on his accession, and again after peace was made with Britain at Aix-la-Chapelle on October 18, 1748. Under his direction the despotism of the Bourbon kings became paternal, public works were undertaken, shipping was encouraged, trade was fostered and numbers of young Spaniards were sent abroad for education. From 1749 onwards Ensenada encouraged one of the most important census and statistical investigations in the Europe of his time, known as Catastro of Ensenada, as a first step of a broader reform on taxes.Ensenada was a strong supporter of a French alliance and of a policy hostile to Britain. Sir Benjamin Keene, the British minister, supported the Spanish court in opposing Ensenada, and succeeded in preventing him from adding the foreign office to the others which he held. Ensenada would probably have fallen sooner but for the support he received from the Portuguese queen, Barbara. In 1754 he offended her by opposing an exchange of Spanish and Portuguese colonial possessions in America which she favored. Following a scandal at court resulting from a conspiracy between anglophile Jos\u00e9 de Carvajal and the British ambassador to Spain, he was arrested by the king's order on July 20, 1754, and was sacked as prime minister upon Carvajal's death (see Enlightenment Spain). He was sent into mild confinement at Granada; he was afterwards allowed to relocate to Puerto de Santa Maria.On the accession of Charles III in 1759, he was released and allowed to return to Madrid. The new king named him as member of a commission appointed to reform the taxation system. Ensenada soon offended the king. On April 18, 1766 he was again exiled from court, and ordered to go to Medina del Campo. He remained here until his death on 2 December 1781 and was never again involved in public life.\n\n", "Q25339110": "Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a \"person who professes\". Professors are usually experts in their field and teachers of the highest rank.In many systems of academic ranks, \"professor\" refers only to the most senior academic position, sometimes informally known as \"full professor.\" In some countries and institutions, the word \"professor\" is also used in titles of lower ranks such as associate professor and assistant professor; this is particularly the case in the United States. This colloquial usage would be considered incorrect among other academic communities. However, the unqualified title \"Professor\" designated with a capital letter nearly always refers to a full professor.\nProfessors often conduct original research and commonly teach undergraduate, professional, or postgraduate courses in their fields of expertise. In universities with graduate schools, professors may mentor and supervise graduate students conducting research for a thesis or dissertation. In many universities, full professors take on senior managerial roles such as leading departments, research teams and institutes, and filling roles such as president, principal or vice-chancellor. The role of professor may be more public-facing than that of more junior staff, and professors are expected to be national or international leaders in their field of expertise.", "Q44280": "Jab Tak Hai Jaan (transl.\u2009As Long As I Live) is a 2012 Indian romantic drama film directed by Yash Chopra; written and produced by Aditya Chopra under their production banner, Yash Raj Films. Starring Shah Rukh Khan, Katrina Kaif and Anushka Sharma in the lead roles; the story revolves around Samar Anand, (Shah Rukh) a bomb disposal expert whose diary falls into the hands of an intern (Sharma). The diary recounts his time as a struggling immigrant in London, and later details his whirlwind romance with Meera Thapar (Kaif).\nJab Tak Hai Jaan marked the second collaboration between Khan and Sharma, as they previously featured in the film Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (2008) and the first between Khan and Kaif. Yash Chopra returned to direction eight years after Veer-Zaara. This film was Yash Chopra's fourth film to feature Shah Rukh Khan in the lead role. This is his final film before his death in October 2012.The background score and soundtrack were composed by A. R. Rahman, with lyrics written by Gulzar. The cinematography and editing were handled by Anil Mehta and Namrata Rao, respectively. The film was released during the six-day Diwali weekend beginning on 13 November 2012. Jab Tak Hai Jaan emerged as the third-highest-grossing Bollywood film overseas at that time, after 3 Idiots (2009) and My Name Is Khan (2010).The film received positive reviews from critics in India and overseas. The film was praised for its direction, cinematography, and the chemistry between its lead actors. Khan and Sharma were lauded for their performances, though the movie's predictable plot drew criticism. At the end of its theatrical run, Jab Tak Hai Jaan received a number of awards, including four Filmfare Awards, which included awards for Best Supporting Actress for Anushka Sharma and Best Lyrics for Gulzar.", "Q4722019": "Alfonso Cortina de Alcocer (13 March 1944 \u2013 6 April 2020) was a Spanish businessman. He was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Repsol YPF, Spain's largest oil and gas group.", "Q232340": "Edith Minturn Sedgwick (April 20, 1943 \u2013 November 16, 1971) was an American socialite, actress and fashion model. She is best known for being one of Andy Warhol's superstars. Sedgwick became known as \"The Girl of the Year\" in 1965 after starring in several of Warhol's short films in the 1960s. She was dubbed an \"It Girl\", while Vogue magazine also named her a \"Youthquaker\".", "Q327981": "John Alan Robinson (9 March 1930 \u2013 5 August 2016) was a philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist. He was a professor emeritus at Syracuse University.\nAlan Robinson's major contribution is to the foundations of automated theorem proving. His unification algorithm eliminated one source of combinatorial explosion in resolution provers; it also prepared the ground for the logic programming paradigm, in particular for the Prolog language. \nRobinson received the 1996 Herbrand Award for Distinguished Contributions to Automated reasoning.", "Q130289": "Alberto Carpinteri (born 23 December 1952) is an Italian professor and engineer.", "Q195147": "Kathryn McCormick (born 7 July 1990) is an American contemporary actress and dancer, noted for placing third in the sixth season of the American televised dance competition So You Think You Can Dance, in which she had the highest placement for a woman on the season. She has returned in seasons 7\u201313 as one of the show's \"all-stars\". Additionally, she placed third with fellow So You Think You Can Dance: The Next Generation contestant, Tate McRae. She played a leading role in Step Up Revolution (2012), and in the film Dance-Off (2014) opposite Shane Harper.", "Q183725": "The International Workingmen's Association (IWA), often called the First International (1864\u20131876), was an international organisation which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist and anarchist groups and trade unions that were based on the working class and class struggle. It was founded in 1864 in a workmen's meeting held in St. Martin's Hall, London. Its first congress was held in 1866 in Geneva.\nIn Europe, a period of harsh reaction followed the widespread Revolutions of 1848. The next major phase of revolutionary activity began almost twenty years later with the founding of the IWA in 1864. At its peak, the IWA reported having 8 million members while police reported 5 million. In 1872, it split in two over conflicts between statist and anarchist factions and dissolved in 1876. The Second International was founded in 1889.", "Q62521": "Alexander Ernst Alfred Hermann Freiherr von Falkenhausen (29 October 1878 \u2013 31 July 1966) was a German general and military advisor to Chiang Kai-shek. He was an important figure during the Sino-German cooperation to reform the Chinese Army. In 1938 Germany, under pressure from Japan, ended its support for China and Falkenhausen was forced to withdraw from China. Back in Europe, he later became the head of the military government of Belgium from 1940\u201344 during its German occupation.\nHe was married twice, firstly to Paula von Wedderkop (8 October 1879 \u2013 3 March 1950) and then in 1960, to Cecile Vent (16 September 1906 \u2013 1977), both without issue. He was a nephew of Ludwig von Falkenhausen, who was the governor-general of Belgium during the German occupation, from 1917\u20131918, in the First World War and a direct male line descendant of Karl Wilhelm Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, by his mistress Elisabeth W\u00fcnsch.\n\n", "Q320036": "Richard Weedt Widmark (December 26, 1914 \u2013 March 24, 2008) was an American film, stage, and television actor and producer.\nHe was nominated for an Academy Award for his role as the villainous Tommy Udo in his debut film, Kiss of Death (1947), for which he also won the Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer. Early in his career, Widmark was typecast in similar villainous or anti-hero roles in films noir, but he later branched out into more heroic leading and supporting roles in Westerns, mainstream dramas, and horror films among others.\nFor his contributions to the motion picture industry, Widmark has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6800 Hollywood Boulevard. In 2002, he was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.", "Q101054": "Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h (; Persian : \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 ; 12 November 1817 \u2013 29 May 1892), born M\u00edrz\u00e1 \u1e24usayn-\u02bbAl\u00ed N\u00far\u00ed (Persian: \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200e), was a Persian religious leader, and the founder of the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed Faith, which advocates universal peace and unity among all races, nations, and religions.\nAt the age of 27, Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h became a follower of the B\u00e1b, a Persian merchant who began preaching that God would soon send a new prophet similar to Jesus or Muhammad. The B\u00e1b and thousands of followers were executed by the Iranian authorities for their beliefs. Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h faced exile from his native Iran, and in Baghdad in 1863 claimed to be the expected prophet of whom the B\u00e1b foretold. Thus, Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00eds regard Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h to be a Manifestation of God, fulfilling the eschatological expectations of Islam, Christianity, and other major religions.Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h faced further imprisonment under Ottoman authorities, initially in Edirne, and ultimately to the prison city of Acre (present-day Israel), where he spent his final 24 years of life. His burial place is a destination of pilgrimage for his followers, and the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed World Centre sits in nearby Haifa.", "Q215927": "Yeshayahu Leibowitz (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e9\u05e2\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05e5\u200e; 29 January 1903 \u2013 18 August 1994) was an Israeli Orthodox Jewish public intellectual and polymath. He was professor of biochemistry, organic chemistry, and neurophysiology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, as well as a prolific writer on Jewish thought and western philosophy. He was known for his outspoken views on ethics, religion, and politics. Leibowitz cautioned that the state of Israel and Zionism had become more sacred than Jewish humanist values and controversially went on to describe Israeli conduct in the occupied Palestinian territories as \"Judeo-Nazi\" in nature, while warning of the dehumanizing effect of the occupation on the victims and the oppressors.", "Q392684": "Hamilton: In the Interest of the Nation is a 2012 spy film directed by Danish director Kathrine Windfeld. The film was supported by the Swedish Film Institute. It is the first part of a trilogy. Hamilton: In the Interest of the Nation preceded Agent Hamilton: But Not If It Concerns Your Daughter.", "Q126164": "Maria Christina Aumont (14 February 1946 \u2013 28 October 2006) was an American actress, born in Hollywood, California, to French actor Jean-Pierre Aumont, and Dominican actress Maria Montez.\nShe married actor and film director Christian Marquand in 1963, at the age of 17.\nShe was billed as Tina Marquand (her married name) in four films, including Joseph Losey's Modesty Blaise (1966). She was photographed by Angelo Frontoni (it) in 1968, when she had ankle/floor length hair, of which some semi-nude pictures were published in a pictorial of her in Playboy in 1969. She worked in Italian cinema with, among others, Alberto Sordi (Scusi, lei \u00e8 favorevole o contrario?, 1966), Tinto Brass (The Howl, 1970 and Salon Kitty, 1975), Sergio Martino (Torso, 1973), Mauro Bolognini (Drama of the Rich, 1974), Francesco Rosi (Illustrious Corpses, 1975), and Federico Fellini (Fellini's Casanova, 1976). She also played Lonetta, the Indian maiden, in Texas Across the River (1967), Luciana in Malicious (1973) and Valentina in A Matter of Time (1976) starring Liza Minnelli. She starred in Lifespan (1975) with Klaus Kinski.", "Q636886": "Juan Manuel Bordeu (28 January 1934 \u2013 24 November 1990) was a racing driver from Balcarce, Argentina. A prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Juan Manuel Fangio, Bordeu had a successful early career but a bad testing accident wrecked his chances in Formula One. His only World Championship Formula One entry was at the 1961 French Grand Prix in a Lotus run by the UDT Laystall team, but the car was eventually driven by Lucien Bianchi.\nHe raced on until his retirement in 1973, after which he represented his country as a delegate of FISA.", "Q291170": "Boogie Nights is a 1997 American period drama film written, produced and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson. It is set in Los Angeles' San Fernando Valley and focuses on a young nightclub dishwasher who becomes a popular star of pornographic films, chronicling his rise in the Golden Age of Porn of the 1970s through to his fall during the excesses of the 1980s. The film is an expansion of Anderson's mockumentary short film The Dirk Diggler Story (1988), and stars Mark Wahlberg, Julianne Moore, Burt Reynolds, Don Cheadle, John C. Reilly, William H. Macy, Philip Seymour Hoffman and Heather Graham.\nThe film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 1997 and was theatrically released on October 10, 1997, garnering critical praise. It was also nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Original Screenplay for Anderson, Best Supporting Actress for Moore and Best Supporting Actor for Reynolds. The film's soundtrack has also received acclaim.", "Q703197": "Thomas \"The Omen\" Stauch is a German heavy metal drummer, mostly known for having founded Blind Guardian. He played with them from 1984 to 1986, then 1987 to 2005, claiming dissatisfaction with the direction the band had taken in its latter years. He had previously founded Savage Circus along with Piet Sielck in 2004 and worked in other projects such as Iron Savior and Serious Black. He began his career with the German power metal act Blind Guardian. He was a founding member of the band, playing drums on their 1985 demo, Symphonies of Doom. He remained with the band until April 2005, with his last release from the band being the live album Imaginations Through the Looking Glass, and his last studio album being the 2002 release A Night at the Opera.\nWhile still in Blind Guardian, he formed Savage Circus with friend Piet Sielck. Piet introduced him to Persuader vocalist Jens Carlsson and guitarist Emil Norberg, who completed the band's lineup. They released their debut album Dreamland Manor in August 2005. Due to health problems causing him to miss too many gigs, Thomen left the band on 17 August 2007 but came back to the line-up in 2012.He joined the band Seelenzorn in September 2008.He has also played drums for the band Coldseed with Soilwork frontman Bj\u00f6rn \"Speed\" Strid.\nStauch is known for his fast and technical drumming skill, especially on the Blind Guardian album A Night at the Opera, where he mixes the traditional intensity and speed of the band's older style, with new, more technical and progressive elements. He is a user of Premier Drums, Paiste cymbals and Vic Firth drumsticks.", "Q129257": "Will Chase (born September 12, 1970) is an American actor and singer, best known for his work in Broadway musicals and in his role as country superstar Luke Wheeler on ABC's Nashville.", "Q170322": "Qingdao ([t\u0255\u02b0\u00ed\u014bt\u00e0u]; also spelled Tsingtao; Chinese: \u9752\u5c9b) is a major sub-provincial city in eastern Shandong province, China. Located on the western shore of Yellow Sea coast, Qingdao is a major nodal city on the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road arm of the Belt and Road Initiative that connects East Asia with Europe, and has the highest GDP of any city in the province. It has jurisdiction over six districts and four county-level cities, and As of 2014 has a population of 9,046,200 with an urban population of 6,188,100. Lying across the Shandong Peninsula and looking out to the Yellow Sea to its south, it borders the prefectural cities of Yantai to the northeast, Weifang to the west and Rizhao to the southwest.\nQingdao is a major seaport, naval base and industrial centre. The world's longest sea bridge, the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge, links the main urban area of Qingdao with Huangdao district, straddling the Jiaozhou Bay sea areas. It is also the site of the Tsingtao Brewery, the second largest brewery in China.In 2018, Qingdao ranked 31st in the Global Financial Centres Index published by the Z/Yen Group and China Development Institute, the other Chinese cities on the list being Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Chengdu, Hangzhou and Dalian. In 2007, Qingdao was named as one of China's top ten cities by the Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at the 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum. In 2009, Qingdao was named China's most livable city by the Chinese Institute of City Competitiveness. In 2018, Qingdao held the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit.", "Q213601": "Charles II (10 October 1741 \u2013 6 November 1816) was ruler of the state of Mecklenburg-Strelitz from 1794 until his death. Originally ruling as duke, he was raised to the rank of grand duke in 1815. Prior to succeeding to the throne he served as Governor of Hanover from 1776 to 1786.", "Q926068": "The University of Navarra is a private not-for-profit university located on the southeast border of Pamplona, Spain. It was founded in 1952 by St. Josemar\u00eda Escriv\u00e1 de Balaguer, the founder of Opus Dei, as a corporate work of the apostolate of Opus Dei. The University of Navarra has consistently been ranked as the best private university in Spain.\nThrough its six campuses (Pamplona, San Sebasti\u00e1n, Madrid, Barcelona, Munich and New York City), the University confers 35 official degrees, 13 dual degrees and more than 38 master's programs in 14 faculties, 2 university schools, 17 institutes, its graduate business school, IESE (\"Instituto de Estudios Superiores de la Empresa\"; in English: \"International Graduate School of Management\" or \"Institute of Higher Business Studies\"), ISSA (\"Instituto Superior de Secretariado y Administracion\"; in English: Superior Institute of Secretarial and Administrative Studies), and other centers and institutions.\nThe university also runs a teaching hospital, CUN, where 2,045 qualified professionals handle more than 100,000 patients each year, and a medical center research, CIMA, that focuses on four main areas: Oncology, Neuroscience, Cardiovascular Sciences, and Gene Therapy and Hepatology.", "Q1258161": "The Pfannenstock (2,573 m) is a mountain of the Schwyzer Alps, located east of Muotathal in the Swiss canton of Schwyz. It lies on the karstic range between the valleys of Muota and Linth, west of the border with the canton of Glarus.", "Q713384": "Martin John Lars Adler (30 October 1958 \u2013 23 June 2006) was a Swedish cameraman and journalist for Aftonbladet. He was a veteran, award-winning reporter known for his war reports and foreign coverage.", "Q15226": "The Brienzer Rothorn is a mountain of the Emmental Alps, in Switzerland. With an elevation of 2,350 metres above sea level, the Brienzer Rothorn is the highest summit of the range. To its west lies the Tannhorn, whilst to its east are Arnihaaggen, H\u00f6ch Gumme and the Br\u00fcnig Pass (1,008 m). On its south side it overlooks Lake Brienz, whilst to the north it looks out over the Waldemme valley.Administratively, the summit is shared by the municipalities of Brienz, to the south-west, Schwanden bei Brienz, to the south-east, Giswil to the north-east, and Fl\u00fchli, to the north-west. Brienz and Schwanden bei Brienz are in the canton of Bern, Giswil is in the canton of Obwalden, and Fl\u00fchli is in the canton of Lucerne. The Brienzer Rothorn is the highest point in the canton of Lucerne.The summit can be reached from Brienz by the Brienz Rothorn Bahn (steam train), the summit station being located at 2,244 metres on the Bernese side. It can also be reached from S\u00f6renberg, in Fl\u00fchli, by cable car.", "Q87744": "Antje Huber (23 May 1924 \u2013 30 September 2015) was a German politician who was the Federal Minister for Youth, Family and Health from 1976 to 1982. She served as a member of the Bundestag for the SPD between 1969 and 1987.", "Q90238": "George Meredith (12 February 1828 \u2013 18 May 1909) was an English novelist and poet of the Victorian era. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature seven times.", "Q542601": "Jane Marie Fricke ( FRIK-ee; December 19, 1947) is an American country music singer, best remembered for a series of country music hits released from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s.\nFricke was one of the most popular female country singers of the 1980s, producing a string of hits and proving herself a versatile vocalist with a particular flair for ballads.\nShe won the Country Music Association's \"Female Vocalist of the Year\" awards in 1982 and 1983.", "Q7077": "Dachau (German pronunciation: [\u02c8daxa\u028a]) is a town in Upper Bavaria district of Bavaria, a state in the southern part of Germany. It is a major district town\u2014a Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt\u2014of the administrative region of Upper Bavaria, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) north-west of Munich. It is now a popular residential area for people working in Munich, with roughly 45,000 inhabitants. The historic centre of town with its 18th-century castle is situated on an elevation and visible over a great distance.\nDachau was founded in the 9th century. It was home to many artists during the late 19th and early 20th centuries; well-known author and editor Ludwig Thoma lived here for two years. The town is also known for its proximity to the infamous Dachau concentration camp built in 1933 by the Nazis, in which tens of thousands of prisoners died.\n\n", "Q179460": "About Schmidt is a 2002 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Alexander Payne, produced by Michael Besman, Harry Gittes and Rachael Horovitz, co-written by Jim Taylor with music by Rolfe Kent and starring Jack Nicholson in the title role. The film also stars Hope Davis, Dermot Mulroney and Kathy Bates. It is very loosely based on the 1996 novel of the same title by Louis Begley. About Schmidt was theatrically released on December 13, 2002 by New Line Cinema. The film was both a commercial and a critical success and it earned $105,834,556 on a $30 million budget. About Schmidt was released on DVD and VHS formats. It was released on Blu-ray for the first time on February 3, 2015.", "Q1412555": "The Communist League of West Germany (Kommunistischer Bund Westdeutschland; KBW) was a Maoist organization in West Germany which existed from 1973 until 1985. The KBW contested the general elections in 1976 and 1980 in West Germany and was rated as the strongest of the German Maoist parties from 1974 until 1981. After 1982 the KBW was virtually inactive and was finally dissolved completely in 1985.", "Q357731": "Antonio Manuel Maria Coelho (1857\u20131943) was a Portuguese military officer of the Portuguese Army and politician during the period of the Portuguese First Republic. (In January 1891, he had been one of the leading revolutionaries during the Porto republican revolt.) Among other posts, he served as governor of Portuguese Angola and governor of Portuguese Guinea. He became Prime Minister after the Noite Sangrenta (Bloody Night) terrorist assassinations of prominent state figures (including Prime Minister Ant\u00f3nio Granjo) on 19 October 1921. A Freemason (like many of his colleagues), he was co-author, along with Jo\u00e3o Chagas, of the work Hist\u00f3ria da Revolta do Porto (History of the Porto Revolt).", "Q58326": "The French Second Republic was a short-lived republican government of France under President Louis-Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte. It lasted from the 1848 Revolution to the 1851 coup by which the president made himself Emperor Napoleon III and initiated the Second Empire. It officially adopted the motto of the First Republic, Libert\u00e9, \u00c9galit\u00e9, Fraternit\u00e9. The Second Republic witnessed the tension between the \"Social and Democratic Republic\" (French: la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique et sociale) and a Radical form of republicanism, which exploded during the June Days uprising of 1848.", "Q541308": "Georges Lecomte (9 July 1867 \u2013 27 August 1958) was a French novelist and playwright, who also wrote literary, historical and artistic studies.\nLecomte was born in M\u00e2con, Sa\u00f4ne-et-Loire. In 1924 he was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise, of which he became perpetual secretary in 1946. He was also director of the \u00c9cole Estienne. He died in Paris.", "Q116": "A monarch is a sovereign head of state in a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power in the state, or others may wield that power on behalf of the monarch. Usually a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may become monarch by conquest, acclamation or a combination of means. A monarch usually reigns for life or until abdication. \nIf a young child is crowned the monarch, a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule. Monarchs' actual powers vary from one monarchy to another and in different eras; on one extreme, they may be autocrats (absolute monarchy) wielding genuine sovereignty; on the other they may be ceremonial heads of state who exercise little or no direct power or only reserve powers, with actual authority vested in a parliament or other body (constitutional monarchy).\nA monarch can reign in multiple monarchies simultaneously. For example, the monarchy of Canada and the monarchy of the United Kingdom are separate states, but they share the same monarch through personal union.", "Q122302": "Hans-Joachim \"Jochen\" Willerding (born 19 April 1952) is a former politician (SED) of the German Democratic Republic.On 8 November 1989 he was elected to membership of the powerful Central Committee of the country's ruling Socialist Unity Party where he sat as the committee's youngest member. A couple of days later the Berlin Wall was breached, setting in motion events that would lead to reunification in October 1990. Much sooner than that, however, the promising career of Willerding at the top level of the East Germany's political power structure was cut short on 2 December 1989 when the Central Committee resigned en masse.", "Q2926729": "Bruno Deletr\u00e9 (born on 30 April 1961 in Valenciennes) is a French banker and high-ranking official. He is the current CEO of Cr\u00e9dit Foncier de France and member of the BPCE Executive Committee.", "Q4414922": "Jir\u014d Shirasu (\u767d\u6d32 \u6b21\u90ce, Shirasu Jir\u014d, 17 February 1902 \u2013 28 November 1985) was a Japanese bureaucrat and businessman.", "Q18589320": "Niruben Amin, addressed as Pujya Niruma by her followers, was an Indian religious leader and an exponent of the Akram Vignan philosophy. A gynecologist by profession, she became a disciple of Dada Bhagwan during her study years. She nursed Dada Bhagwan during his illness and later succeeded him when he died. She headed the Dada Bhagwan Foundation.", "Q882912": "Ralph Edmund Herseth (July 2, 1909 \u2013 January 24, 1969) was the 21st Governor of South Dakota from January 6, 1959 to January 3, 1961.", "Q217467": "Art rock is a subgenre of rock music that generally reflects a challenging or avant-garde approach to rock, or which makes use of modernist, experimental, or unconventional elements. Art rock aspires to elevate rock from entertainment to an artistic statement, opting for a more experimental and conceptual outlook on music. Influences may be drawn from genres such as experimental rock, avant-garde music, classical music, and jazz.Its music was created with the intention of listening and contemplation rather than for dancing, and is often distinguished by the use of electronic effects and easy listening textures far removed from the propulsive rhythms of early rock. The term may sometimes be used interchangeably with \"progressive rock\", though the latter is instead characterized in particular by its employment of classically trained instrumental technique and symphonic textures.\nThe genre's greatest level of popularity was in the early 1970s through British artists. The music, as well as the theatrical nature of performances associated with the genre, was able to appeal to artistically inclined adolescents and younger adults, especially due to its virtuosity and musical/lyrical complexity. Art rock is most associated with a certain period of rock music, beginning in 1966\u201367 and ending with the arrival of punk in the mid 1970s. After, the genre would be infused within later popular music genres of the 1970s\u201390s.", "Q132111": "Ango Sakaguchi (\u5742\u53e3 \u5b89\u543e, Sakaguchi Ango, October 20, 1906 \u2013 February 17, 1955) was a Japanese novelist and essayist. His real name was Heigo Sakaguchi (\u5742\u53e3 \u70b3\u4e94 Sakaguchi Heigo).", "Q217301": "24 Hours in the Life of a Woman (German: 24 Stunden aus dem Leben einer Frau) is a 1931 German drama film directed by Robert Land and starring Henny Porten, Walter Rilla and Friedrich Kay\u00dfler. It is based on Stefan Zwieg's novella Twenty-Four Hours in the Life of a Woman.\nThe film's art direction was by Franz Schroedter.", "Q375590": "Rami Said Malek (English: ; Arabic: \u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u200e, Egyptian Arabic: [\u02c8\u027e\u0251\u02d0mi s\u00e6\u02c8\u0295i\u02d0d \u02c8m\u00e6\u02d0lek]; born May 12, 1981) is an American actor and producer. His breakthrough role was as computer hacker Elliot Alderson in the USA Network television series Mr. Robot (2015\u20132019), for which he received several accolades, including the 2016 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series. In 2018, he portrayed rock singer and songwriter Freddie Mercury in the biopic Bohemian Rhapsody, for which he received critical acclaim and won several awards, including the Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, and British Academy Film Award for Best Actor. He is the first actor of Egyptian heritage to win the Academy Award for Best Actor. Time magazine named Malek one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2019.\nBorn and raised in Los Angeles, California, to Egyptian immigrant parents, Malek studied theater at the University of Evansville in Indiana. He began his acting career performing plays in New York City theaters before returning to Los Angeles, where he found supporting roles in film and television, including the Fox sitcom The War at Home (2005\u20132007), the HBO miniseries The Pacific (2010), and the Night at the Museum film trilogy (2006\u20132014). He has done voicework for television and video games, as well as motion capture for the latter.", "Q93057": "Neil Immerman (born 24 November 1953, Manhasset, New York) is an American theoretical computer scientist, a professor of computer science at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He is one of the key developers of descriptive complexity, an approach he is currently applying to research in model checking, database theory, and computational complexity theory.\nProfessor Immerman is an editor of the SIAM Journal on Computing and of Logical Methods in Computer Science. He received B.S. and M.S. degrees from Yale University in 1974 and his Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1980 under the supervision of Juris Hartmanis, a Turing award winner at Cornell. His book Descriptive Complexity appeared in 1999.Immerman is the winner, jointly with R\u00f3bert Szelepcs\u00e9nyi, of the 1995 G\u00f6del Prize in theoretical computer science for proof of what is known as the Immerman\u2013Szelepcs\u00e9nyi theorem, the result that nondeterministic space complexity classes are closed under complementation. Immerman is an ACM Fellow and a Guggenheim Fellow.", "Q2798390": "Robert H. \"Rob\" Reid (born October 2, 1966) is an American author and entrepreneur. He is the author of two cyberthriller novels, Year Zero: A Novel, and After On: A Novel of Silicon Valley, as well as a non-fiction book, Architects of the Web, about the rise of the internet business. Reid is the founder of Listen.com Inc., which created the Rhapsody digital music service.\n\n", "Q258416": "Nicholle Marie Tom (born March 23, 1978) is an American actress.\nTom is best known for her roles as Ryce Newton in Beethoven (1992), Beethoven's 2nd (1993), Beethoven (1994\u20131995), and as Maggie Sheffield on The Nanny. She is also known for voicing Supergirl in the DC Animated Universe.", "Q269813": "Il Divo (Italian pronunciation: [il \u02c8di\u02d0vo]) is a multi-national classical crossover vocal group. The male quartet originated in the United Kingdom in December 2003, bringing together singers Urs B\u00fchler (Switzerland), Carlos Mar\u00edn (Spain), David Miller (USA), and S\u00e9bastien Izambard (France). The group was created and promoted by music producer Simon Cowell for the label Syco Music (a subsidiary of Sony Music). Although it is unclear how the group's name came about, \"Il Divo\" is translated from Italian as \"divine performer.\"\nAs of 2018, the group has released ten albums: Il Divo (2004), Ancora (2005), Siempre (2006), The Promise (2008), Wicked Game (2011), A Musical Affair (2013), Amor & Pasi\u00f3n (2015) and Timeless (2018) ; a compilation album The Greatest Hits (2012); special Christmas songs album The Christmas Collection (2005). Two other albums \u2013 An Evening with Il Divo: Live in Barcelona (2009) and Live in Japan (2014) \u2013 presented recordings of live concerts. Additionally, they have collaborated with other artists.\nSince its inception, Il Divo has enjoyed success worldwide, selling well over 30 million copies of its albums worldwide. With 160 certified gold and platinum hits in 35 countries, it pioneered the genre of operatic pop, or \"popera\", in classical crossover music.\nIl Divo's live concerts sold over two million concert tickets worldwide just from their first four albums. In their first world tour, concerts in 69 cities in 18 countries were sold out.", "Q11726": "Karl Renner (14 December 1870 \u2013 31 December 1950) was an Austrian politician of the Socialist Party. He is often referred to as the \"Father of the Republic\" because he led the first government of German-Austria and the First Austrian Republic in 1919 and 1920, and was once again decisive in establishing the present Second Republic after the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, becoming its first President after World War II (and fourth overall).", "Q187972": "Iberia (Spanish pronunciation: [i\u02c8\u03b2e\u027eja]), legally incorporated as Iberia, L\u00edneas A\u00e9reas de Espa\u00f1a, S.A. Operadora, Sociedad Unipersonal, is the flag carrier airline of Spain, founded in 1927. Based in Madrid, it operates an international network of services from its main base of Madrid-Barajas Airport.\nIberia, with Iberia Regional (operated by an independent carrier Air Nostrum) and with Iberia Express, is a part of International Airlines Group. In addition to transporting passengers and freight, Iberia Group carries out related activities, such as aircraft maintenance, handling in airports, IT systems and in-flight catering. Iberia Group airlines fly to over 109 destinations in 39 countries, and a further 90 destinations through code-sharing agreements with other airlines.On 8 April 2010, it was confirmed that British Airways and Iberia had signed an agreement to merge, making the combined operation the third largest commercial airline in the world by revenue. Shareholders of both carriers approved the deal on 29 November 2010. The newly merged company, known as International Airlines Group (IAG), was established in January 2011, although both airlines continue to operate under their current names.", "Q78790": "Moritz Friedrich Joseph Eugen Freiherr Auffenberg von Komar\u00f3w (born Auffenberg; since 1919 Moritz Auffenberg; 22 May 1852 \u2013 18 May 1928) was an Austro-Hungarian Military officer in the Austro-Hungarian Army and Minister of War. At the outbreak of World War I, he took command of the Fourth Army.", "Q2148842": "Richard Gaspari (born May 16, 1963), known professionally as Rich Gaspari , is an American IFBB professional bodybuilder and also retired professional bodybuilder.He came in second place at the 1986, 1987, 1988 Mr. Olympia competitions.\nGaspari grew up in Edison, New Jersey; as a teenager, he would head to Rutgers University and sneak into the weight room, to take advantage of the exercise equipment.He became a professional bodybuilder in 1984, then entered the 1985 IFBB Night of Champions and placed 2nd, then placed 3rd for his first participation at Mr. Olympia that same year.\nHe was three times in a row (1986, 1987, 1988) the runner-up at the Mr. Olympia contest (the most important in the professional circuit), during the long reign of Lee Haney at the top, and won several secondary IFBB Grand Prix during the same period. He was particularly praised for his hitherto-unseen level of conditioning and definition, being the first athlete to exhibit striations on the gluteal muscles.Richard Gaspari was inducted into the IFBB Hall of Fame in 2004. In 2011, he was awarded with the Muscle Beach Hall of Fame Award. He was featured on the cover of the October, 2011 issue of Iron Man, 23 years after he last appeared on the cover of the magazine. In 2013 he was presented with the Arnold Classic Lifetime Achievement Award.In 1997, Gaspari started his own supplement company, Gaspari Nutrition. He resides in Toms River, New Jersey.", "Q161549": "The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was an organisation of six European countries created after World War II to regulate their industrial production under a centralised authority. It was formally established in 1951 by the Treaty of Paris, signed by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany. The ECSC was the first international organisation to be based on the principles of supranationalism, and started the process of formal integration which ultimately led to the European Union.\nThe ECSC was first proposed by French foreign minister Robert Schuman on 9 May 1950 as a way to prevent further war between France and Germany. He declared his aim was to \"make war not only unthinkable but materially impossible\" which was to be achieved by regional integration, of which the ECSC was the first step. The Treaty would create a common market for coal and steel among its member states which served to neutralise competition between European nations over natural resources, particularly in the Ruhr.\nThe ECSC was overseen by four institutions: a High Authority composed of independent appointees, a Common Assembly composed of national parliamentarians, a Special Council composed of national ministers, and a Court of Justice. These would ultimately form the blueprint for today's European Commission, European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the European Court of Justice.\nThe ECSC stood as a model for the communities set up after it by the Treaty of Rome in 1957, the European Economic Community and European Atomic Energy Community, with whom it shared its membership and some institutions. The 1967 Merger (Brussels) Treaty led all of ECSC's institutions to merge into the European Economic Community, but the ECSC retained its own independent legal personality. In 2002, the Treaty of Paris expired and the ECSC ceased to exist in any form, its activities fully absorbed by the European Community under the framework of the Amsterdam and Nice treaties.", "Q97231": "Carl Friedrich Richard F\u00f6rster (15 November 1825 \u2013 7 July 1902) was a German ophthalmologist born in the town of Lissa (today Leszno, Poland).\nHe received his medical doctorate in 1849, and for most of his career was associated with the University of Breslau. Two of his assistants at Breslau were Hermann Wilbrand (1851\u20131935) and Hermann Rudolph Aubert (1826\u20131892).\nF\u00f6rster is remembered for conducting tests of visual acuity, and for his investigations of indirect vision (peripheral vision) and visual performance across the visual field together with Hermann Aubert. The linear variation of visual performance that they described is sometimes referred to as the Aubert-Foerster law. From F\u00f6rster's research, the eponymous terms of \"F\u00f6rster perimeter\" and \"F\u00f6rster's shift\" are derived. A F\u00f6rster perimeter was an instrument used to measure an individual's field of vision. He also devised a specialized photometer to determine the smallest amount of light that will permit an object to be visible.\nIn 1871 F\u00f6rster defined the difference between negative and positive scotoma (blind spot); if vision of the scotoma region is a void, it is a negative scotoma, and if the scotoma is an area of darkness/lightness or composed of hallucinatory patterns, it is called a positive scotoma.", "Q545608": "Vincenzo Capellini Townshend is an English music producer, mixer, and audio engineer, and has worked with artists and bands including a-ha, Kaiser Chiefs, U2, Snow Patrol, Florence + the Machine, Friendly Fires, Bloc Party, Franz Ferdinand, The Maccabees, Jamie Cullum and Thirty Seconds to Mars. Townshend was awarded 'Mix Engineer Of The Year' for two successive years by the Music Producers Guild Awards in 2009 and 2010, and nominated again in 2016, 2017 and 2018.Townshend began his career by working at Trident Studios in London in the late 1980s, eventually working as an assistant engineer for Alan Moulder and Mark 'Spike' Stent. Following this, Townshend worked independently with producer Ian Broudie for 8 years and then joined producer Stephen Street at The Bunker in Olympic Studios in London where he maintained residency until its closure in 2009. Townshend currently mixes from his Decoy Studios in Woodbridge Suffolk and is represented by Jax Management.", "Q43706": "John Chrysostom (; Greek: \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03a7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2; c.\u2009347 \u2013 14 September 407), Archbishop of Constantinople, was an important Early Church Father. He is known for his preaching and public speaking, his denunciation of abuse of authority by both ecclesiastical and political leaders, the Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom, and his ascetic sensibilities. The epithet \u03a7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 (Chrysostomos, anglicized as Chrysostom) means \"golden-mouthed\" in Greek and denotes his celebrated eloquence. Chrysostom was among the most prolific authors in the early Christian Church, exceeded only by Augustine of Hippo in the quantity of his surviving writings.He is honoured as a saint in the Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox, Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran churches, as well as in some others. The Eastern Orthodox, together with the Byzantine Catholics, hold him in special regard as one of the Three Holy Hierarchs (alongside Basil the Great and Gregory of Nazianzus). The feast days of John Chrysostom in the Eastern Orthodox Church are 13 November and 27 January. In the Roman Catholic Church he is recognized as a Doctor of the Church. Because the date of his death is occupied by the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (14 September), the General Roman Calendar celebrates him since 1970 on the previous day, 13 September; from the 13th century to 1969 it did so on 27 January, the anniversary of the translation of his body to Constantinople. Of other Western churches, including Anglican provinces and Lutheran churches, some commemorate him on 13 September, others on 27 January. The Coptic Church also recognizes him as a saint (with feast days on 16 Thout and 17 Hathor).", "Q7711": "Jean-Marc Ayrault (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303ma\u0281k e\u0281o]; born 25 January 1950) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 16 May 2012 to 1 April 2014. He later was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2016 to 2017. He previously was Mayor of Nantes from 1989 to 2012 and led the Socialist Party group in the National Assembly from 1997 to 2012.", "Q25483": "Todd Christopher Young (born August 24, 1972) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Indiana since 2017. From 2011 to 2017 he was the U.S. Representative for Indiana's 9th congressional district. Young is a member of the Republican Party. He was elected to the United States Senate in the November 8, 2016, general election, succeeding retiring Republican Dan Coats.\n\n", "Q91898": "Laya Raki (born Brunhilde Marie Alma Herta J\u00f6rns; July 27, 1927 \u2013 December 21, 2018) was a dancer and film actress popular in Germany in the 1950s and early 1960s. She also became an international star for her roles in British films and TV productions.", "Q116919": "Wolfgang Straub (born 1969, in Waiblingen) is a Swiss lawyer and photographer.", "Q1726890": "Clarkson Nott Potter (April 25, 1825 \u2013 January 23, 1882) was a New York attorney and politician who served in the United States House of Representatives.\n\n", "Q431823": "Sae Miyazawa (\u5bae\u6fa4 \u4f50\u6c5f, Miyazawa Sae, born August 13, 1990 in Tokyo) is a singer, actress, tarento and former Japanese idol, best known for her affiliations with AKB48 and its various sister- and subgroups. Between 2006 and 2016, she was a part of the promoting line up of 33 AKB48 and 4 SKE48 single releases.", "Q120273": "Oswald Sigg (born 1944 in Z\u00fcrich) is a Swiss journalist. In August 2005, he was elected Vice-Chancellor of Switzerland and Spokesman of the government of Switzerland, the Swiss Federal Council. He served as Spokesman until his retirement on 31 March 2009.\nSigg studied sociology and economics in St. Gallen, Paris and Berne. After graduating, he served as deputy spokesperson for the Federal Chancellery between 1975 and 1980, then as a spokesperson for the Federal Department of Finance (1975-1980), the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport (1998-2004) and the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (2004-2005), under five different Federal Councillors. He also worked as editor-in-chief for the Swiss Telegraphic Agency (1988-1990) and spokesman for the management of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation between 1991 and 1997.He was one of the figureheads behind the popular initiative for an unconditional basic income submitted to popular vote in 2016.After beginning his political career with the BGB (the future Swiss People's Party), he is a member of the Social Democratic Party since 1973.\n\n", "Q62910": "Carver Andress Mead (born 1 May 1934) is an American scientist and engineer. He currently holds the position of Gordon and Betty Moore Professor Emeritus of Engineering and Applied Science at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), having taught there for over 40 years. He advised the first female electrical engineering student at Caltech, Louise Kirkbride. His contributions as a teacher include the classic textbook Introduction to VLSI Systems (1980), which he coauthored with Lynn Conway.\nA pioneer of modern microelectronics, he has made contributions to the development and design of semiconductors, digital chips, and silicon compilers, technologies which form the foundations of modern very-large-scale integration chip design. In the 1980s, he focused on electronic modelling of human neurology and biology, creating \"neuromorphic electronic systems.\" Mead has been involved in the founding of more than 20 companies. Most recently, he has called for the reconceptualization of modern physics, revisiting the theoretical debates of Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein and others in light of later experiments and developments in instrumentation.\n\n", "Q91640": "Werner Hildenbrand (born 25 May 1936 in G\u00f6ttingen, Germany) is a German economist and mathematician. He was educated at the University of Heidelberg, where he received his Diplom in mathematics, applied mathematics and physics in 1961. He continued his education at the University of Heidelberg and received his Ph.D. in mathematics in 1964 and his habilitation in economics and mathematics in 1968.\nFrom 1969 to 2001 he was a professor of economics at the University of Bonn. He has held various visiting positions at, among others, the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Louvain. His research has focused on general equilibrium theory, and in particular on the existence and properties of the core of an economy.", "Q918838": "Perry Farrell (born Peretz Bernstein; March 29, 1959) is an American singer-songwriter and musician, best known as the frontman for the alternative rock band Jane's Addiction. Farrell created the touring festival Lollapalooza as a farewell tour for Jane's Addiction in 1991; it has since evolved into an annual destination festival. Farrell continues to produce Lollapalooza with partners William Morris Agency and C3 Presents. Farrell has also led the alternative rock groups Porno for Pyros and Satellite Party. He is the only person who has performed at all twelve Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festivals to date, having appeared under five different names (Perry Farrell, Jane's Addiction, DJ Peretz, Satellite Party, and with Hybrid).", "Q45377": "Michael H\u00e4upl (born 14 September 1949) served as mayor and governor of Vienna from 7 November 1994 until 24 May 2018. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria.\n\n", "Q494535": "Park In-deok (Korean: \ubc15\uc778\ub355; Hanja: \u6734\u4ec1\u5fb7, September 24, 1896 \u2013 April 3, 1980) was a Korean independence activist, educator, writer, poet and a social activist. She used the penname of Eunbong (\uc740\ubd09, \u9280\u5cf0).\nPark Indeok belongs to the first generation of Korean female writers, all of whom were born around 1900.She established a vocational school and tried to convert Koreans to Christianity.", "Q468942": "Pedro Juan Guti\u00e9rrez, born 27 January 1950 in Matanzas, Cuba, is a Cuban novelist.\nHe grew up in Pinar del R\u00edo and began to work selling ice cream and newspapers when he was eleven years old. He was a soldier, swimming and kayak instructor, agricultural worker, technician in construction, technical designer, radio speaker, and journalist for 26 years. He is a painter and sculptor and an author of several poetry books.\nHe came to central Havana when he was 37 and was astonished by the level of violence but also by the energy of the people who lived there.\nHe is the author of Dirty Havana Trilogy, King of Havana, Tropical Animal (winner of Spain's Alfonso Garcia Ramos Prize in 2000), The Insatiable Spiderman, Dog Meat (winner of Italy's Narrativa Sur del Mundo Prize), Snake's Nest (winner of the Prix des Am\u00e9riques Insulaires et de la Guyane in 2008), Our GG in Havana, and the short stories of Melancholy of Lions. Dirty Havana Trilogy, Tropical Animal and The Insatiable Spiderman have been translated to English. Since 1994, he has written ten prose books and five books of poetry. In 2007, he published Coraz\u00f3n Mestizo, a Cuban travel book.\n\n", "Q98116": "Christian Beyer (1482, Kleinlangheim \u2013 21 October 1535, Weimar) was a Saxon Chancellor, international lawyer and Protestant reformer. In documents partially different names and spellings can be found (Bayer, Peyer, Bayarius, Bayoarius, Bavarus, Cristoferus Bauari, etc.).", "Q311016": "Sem \"Semmy\" Schilt (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u025bmi \u02c8sx\u026alt]; born 27 October 1973) is a Dutch former kickboxer, Ashihara karateka, mixed martial artist, four-time K-1 World Grand Prix Champion and one-time Glory Heavyweight Grand Slam Champion. He is the only fighter in K-1 history to win the world championship three times in a row, and also shares the record with Ernesto Hoost for most Grand Prixs won, with four.Schilt began his professional career in 1996 as a mixed martial artist competing in Pancrase, where he is a former King of Pancrase openweight champion. He has also competed in Pride Fighting Championship and the UFC organizations. Schilt is one of the most decorated heavyweight kickboxers in history, having won five major tournaments. He is widely regarded as one of the division's all-time greats.", "Q2568971": "Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover (8 November 1802 \u2013 27 April 1867), known as Sir Benjamin Hall between 1838 and 1859, was a Welsh civil engineer and politician. The famous \"Big Ben\" may have been named for him.", "Q62904": "Ben Shneiderman (born August 21, 1947) is an American computer scientist, a Distinguished University Professor in the University of Maryland Department of Computer Science, which is part of the University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences at the University of Maryland, College Park, and the founding director (1983-2000) of the University of Maryland Human-Computer Interaction Lab. He conducted fundamental research in the field of human\u2013computer interaction, developing new ideas, methods, and tools such as the direct manipulation interface, and his eight rules of design.", "Q86328": "Matthias Joseph Scheeben (Meckenheim, Rhine Province, 1 March 1835 \u2013 Cologne, 21 July 1888) was a German Catholic theological writer and mystic.", "Q1374": "The Matterhorn (, German: [\u02c8mat\u0259r\u02cch\u0254rn]; Italian: Cervino [t\u0283er\u02c8vi\u02d0no]; French: Cervin [s\u025b\u0281v\u025b\u0303]) is a mountain of the Alps, straddling the main watershed and border between Switzerland and Italy. It is a large, near-symmetric pyramidal peak in the extended Monte Rosa area of the Pennine Alps, whose summit is 4,478 metres (14,692 ft) high, making it one of the highest summits in the Alps and Europe. The four steep faces, rising above the surrounding glaciers, face the four compass points and are split by the H\u00f6rnli, Furggen, Leone/Lion, and Zmutt ridges. The mountain overlooks the Swiss town of Zermatt, in the canton of Valais, to the north-east and the Italian town of Breuil-Cervinia in the Aosta Valley to the south. Just east of the Matterhorn is Theodul Pass, the main passage between the two valleys on its north and south sides, and a trade route since the Roman Era.\nThe Matterhorn was studied by Horace-B\u00e9n\u00e9dict de Saussure in the late eighteenth century, who was followed by other renowned naturalists and artists, such as John Ruskin, in the 19th century. It remained unclimbed after most of the other great Alpine peaks had been attained and became the subject of an international competition for the summit. The first ascent of the Matterhorn was in 1865 from Zermatt by a party led by Edward Whymper; it ended when four of its seven members fell to their deaths on the descent. This disaster, later portrayed in several films, marked the end of the golden age of alpinism. The north face was not climbed until 1931 and is among the three biggest north faces of the Alps, known as \"The Trilogy\". The west face, which is the highest of the Matterhorn's four faces, was completely climbed only in 1962. It is estimated that over 500 alpinists have died on the Matterhorn, making it one of the deadliest peaks in the world.The Matterhorn is mainly composed of gneisses (originally fragments of the African Plate before the Alpine orogeny) from the Dent Blanche nappe, lying over ophiolites and sedimentary rocks of the Penninic nappes. The mountain's current shape is the result of cirque erosion due to multiple glaciers diverging from the peak, such as the Matterhorn Glacier at the base of the north face. Sometimes referred to as the Mountain of Mountains (German: Berg der Berge), the Matterhorn has become an iconic emblem of the Alps in general. Since the end of the 19th century, when railways were built in the area, the mountain has attracted increasing numbers of visitors and climbers. Each year, numerous mountaineers try to climb the Matterhorn from the H\u00f6rnli Hut via the northeast H\u00f6rnli ridge, the most popular route to the summit. Many trekkers also undertake the 10-day-long circuit around the mountain. The Matterhorn has been part of the Swiss Federal Inventory of Natural Monuments since 1983.\n\n", "Q2665553": "Annette Messager (born 30 November 1943 in Berck, France) is a French visual artist. In 2005 she won the Golden Lion Award at the Venice Biennale for her artwork at the French Pavilion. In 2016, she won the prestigious Praemium Imperiale International Arts Award. She lives and works in Malakoff, France.", "Q4799314": "Arthur Robert Kantrowitz (October 20, 1913 \u2013 November 29, 2008) was an American scientist, engineer, and educator.\nKantrowitz grew up in The Bronx, and graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School. He earned his B.S., M.A. and, in 1947, his Ph.D. degrees in physics from Columbia University.", "Q272599": "All Quiet on the Western Front is a 1930 American epic pre-Code anti-war film based on the Erich Maria Remarque novel of the same name. Directed by Lewis Milestone, it stars Louis Wolheim, Lew Ayres, John Wray, Arnold Lucy and Ben Alexander.\nAll Quiet on the Western Front opened to wide acclaim in the United States. Considered a realistic and harrowing account of warfare in World War I, it made the American Film Institute's first 100 Years...100 Movies list in 1998. A decade later, after the same organization polled over 1,500 workers in the creative community, All Quiet on the Western Front was ranked the seventh-best American epic film. In 1990, the film was selected and preserved by the United States Library of Congress' National Film Registry as being deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" The film was the first to win the Academy Awards for both Outstanding Production and Best Director.\nIts sequel, The Road Back (1937), portrays members of the 2nd Company returning home after the war.", "Q494521": "Emmendingen is a town in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, capital of the district Emmendingen of Germany. It is located at the Elz River, 14 km (8.7 mi) north of Freiburg im Breisgau. The town contains more than 26,000 residents, which is the most in the Emmendingen district.", "Q81447": "Aldous Leonard Huxley (26 July 1894 \u2013 22 November 1963) was an English writer and philosopher. He wrote nearly fifty books\u2014both novels and non-fiction works\u2014as well as wide-ranging essays, narratives, and poems.\nBorn into the prominent Huxley family, he graduated from Balliol College, Oxford with an undergraduate degree in English literature. Early in his career, he published short stories and poetry and edited the literary magazine Oxford Poetry, before going on to publish travel writing, satire, and screenplays. He spent the latter part of his life in the United States, living in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death. By the end of his life, Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the foremost intellectuals of his time. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature seven times and was elected Companion of Literature by the Royal Society of Literature in 1962.Huxley was a humanist and pacifist. He grew interested in philosophical mysticism and universalism, addressing these subjects with works such as The Perennial Philosophy (1945)\u2014which illustrates commonalities between Western and Eastern mysticism\u2014and The Doors of Perception (1954)\u2014which interprets his own psychedelic experience with mescaline. In his most famous novel Brave New World (1932) and his final novel Island (1962), he presented his vision of dystopia and utopia, respectively.", "Q5184551": "{{Multiple issues|Crest Records is a now defunct subsidiary record label of music publisher American Music owned by Sylvester Cross.", "Q55170": "Victor David Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m (Swedish: [\u02c8v\u026a\u030ck\u02d0t\u0254r \u02c8\u0267\u00f8\u0302\u02d0str\u0153m] (listen); 20 September 1879 \u2013 3 January 1960), sometimes known in the United States as Victor Seastrom, was a pioneering Swedish film director, screenwriter, and actor. He began his career in Sweden, before moving to Hollywood in 1924. Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m worked primarily in the silent era; his best known films include The Phantom Carriage (1921), He Who Gets Slapped (1924), and The Wind (1928). Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m was Sweden's most prominent director in the \"Golden Age of Silent Film\" in Europe. Later in life, he played the leading role in Ingmar Bergman's Wild Strawberries (1957).", "Q426393": "And the Band Played On is a 1993 American television film docudrama directed by Roger Spottiswoode. The teleplay by Arnold Schulman is based on the best-selling 1987 non-fiction book And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic by Randy Shilts.\nThe film premiered at the Montreal World Film Festival before being broadcast by HBO on September 11, 1993. It later was released in the United Kingdom, Canada, Spain, Germany, Argentina, Austria, Italy, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Denmark, New Zealand, and Australia. The HBO movie was later aired on NBC in 1994. NBC (as well as ABC) were some of the networks considered to make a miniseries based on the book in the late 1980s, but the networks turned it down because they could not find a way to structure it as a two-night, four-hour miniseries. In 1994, NBC finally aired the movie with a parental discretion warning due to its sensitive subject matter.", "Q251340": "Hugo Haas (19 February 1901 \u2013 1 December 1968) was a Czech film actor, director and writer. He appeared in more than 60 films between 1926 and 1962, as well as directing 20 films between 1933 and 1962.", "Q826068": "Krosno [\u02c8kr\u0254sn\u0254] (in full The Royal Free City of Krosno, Polish: Kr\u00f3lewskie Wolne Miasto Krosno) is a town and county in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland, with 47,140 inhabitants (Metro: 115,617), as of 30 June 2014.Krosno is a medieval fortified town, a former Royal Free Town, a centre of cloth, linen, canvas, baize and Hungarian wine trade. Until recently it was a provincial capital. Today it is a medium-sized settlement, which ranks 6th among Polish towns with the best living conditions.\nCenter of regional and subregional levels. The seat of several institutions of supra-local: Regional Directorate of State Forests, Subcarpathian Provincial Veterinary Inspectorate, the District Election Commission, the Court and the Prosecutor's Office of the District, the District Mining Office, Regional Centre Road, the Sub-Carpathian Regional Hospital, Subcarpathian Center for Teacher Education, the Customs Office, the Institute of Oil and gas and Sucha G\u00f3ra TV Tower.\nNotably Krosno is the site of the first oil well (or \"mine\") in the world.", "Q5112": "Adelaide ( (listen) AD-\u0259-layd) is the capital city of the state of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city of Australia. The demonym Adelaidean is used to denote the city and the residents of Adelaide.\nAdelaide is situated on the Adelaide Plains north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, between the Gulf St Vincent in the west and the Mount Lofty Ranges in the east. Its metropolitan area extends 20 km (12 mi) from the coast to the foothills of the Mount Lofty Ranges, and stretches 96 km (60 mi) from Gawler in the north to Sellicks Beach in the south.\nNamed in honour of Queen Adelaide, consort to King William IV, the city was founded in 1836 as the planned capital for the only freely-settled British province in Australia. Colonel William Light, one of Adelaide's founding fathers, designed the city centre and chose its location close to the River Torrens, in the area originally inhabited by the Kaurna people and known as Tarndanyangga (\"place of the red kangaroo\"). Light's design, now listed as national heritage, set out the city centre in a grid layout, interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares, and entirely surrounded by parklands.\nEarly colonial Adelaide was shaped by the diversity and wealth of its free settlers, in contrast to the convict history of other Australian cities. Until the post-war era, it was Australia's third-largest city. It has been noted for its leading examples of religious freedom and progressive political reforms, and became known as the \"City of Churches\" due to its diversity of faiths. Today, Adelaide is noted for its many festivals and sporting events, its food and wine, its coastline and hills, and its large defence and manufacturing sectors. Adelaide's quality of life has ranked consistently highly in various measures through the 21st century.\nAs South Australia's government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the city centre along the cultural boulevards of North Terrace and King William Street.", "Q2367819": "Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd (died 1170), Wales Prince of Gwynedd in 1170, was a Welsh poet and military leader. Hywel was the son of Owain Gwynedd, prince of Gwynedd, and an Irishwoman named Pyfog. In recognition of this, he was also known as Hywel ap Gwyddeles (Hywel son of the Irishwoman). Hywel was also known as the Poet Prince for his bardic skills.", "Q996967": "Diane Coyle, (born February 1961) is an economist and a former advisor to the UK Treasury. She was vice-chairman of the BBC Trust, the governing body of the British Broadcasting Corporation, and was a member of the UK Competition Commission from 2001 until 2019. Since March 2018, she has been the Bennett Professor of Public Policy at the University of Cambridge, co-directing the Bennett Institute.", "Q876887": "Cellulitis is a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin. It specifically affects the dermis and subcutaneous fat. Signs and symptoms include an area of redness which increases in size over a few days. The borders of the area of redness are generally not sharp and the skin may be swollen. While the redness often turns white when pressure is applied, this is not always the case. The area of infection is usually painful. Lymphatic vessels may occasionally be involved, and the person may have a fever and feel tired.The legs and face are the most common sites involved, though cellulitis can occur on any part of the body. The leg is typically affected following a break in the skin. Other risk factors include obesity, leg swelling, and old age. For facial infections, a break in the skin beforehand is not usually the case. The bacteria most commonly involved are streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast to cellulitis, erysipelas is a bacterial infection involving the more superficial layers of the skin, present with an area of redness with well-defined edges, and more often is associated with a fever. Diagnosis is usually based on the presenting signs and symptoms, while cell culture is rarely possible. Before making a diagnosis, more serious infections such as an underlying bone infection or necrotizing fasciitis should be ruled out.Treatment is typically with antibiotics taken by mouth, such as cephalexin, amoxicillin or cloxacillin. Those who are seriously allergic to penicillin may be prescribed erythromycin or clindamycin instead. When methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a concern, doxycycline or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may, in addition, be recommended. Concern is related to the presence of pus or previous MRSA infections. Elevating the infected area may be useful, as may pain killers.Potential complications include abscess formation. Around 95% of people are better after seven to ten days of treatment. Those with diabetes, however, often have worse outcomes. Cellulitis occurred in about 21.2 million people in 2015. In the United States about two of every 1,000 people per year have a case affecting the lower leg. Cellulitis in 2015 resulted in about 16,900 deaths worldwide. In the United Kingdom, cellulitis was the reason for 1.6% of admissions to a hospital.", "Q540764": "Theodorus Gerardus Jozef \"Theo\" Jansen (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8te\u02d0jo\u02d0 \u02c8j\u0251ns\u0259(n)]; born 14 March 1948) is a Dutch artist. In 1990, he began building large mechanisms out of PVC that are able to move on their own and, collectively, are entitled, Strandbeest. The kinetic sculptures appear to walk. His animated works are intended to be a fusion of art and engineering. He has said that \"The walls between art and engineering exist only in our minds.\" He strives to equip his creations with their own artificial intelligence so they may avoid obstacles such as the sea, by changing course when detected.\n\n", "Q155820": "The Constitutional Democratic Party (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f, Konstitutsionno-Demokraticheskaya Partiya, K-D), also called Constitutional Democrats and formally the Party of People's Freedom, was a liberal political party in the Russian Empire encompassing constitutional monarchists and moderate republicans. Party members were called Kadets (or Cadets) from the abbreviation K-D of the party name. Konstantin Kavelin's and Boris Chicherin's writings formed the theoretical basis of the party's platform. Historian Pavel Miliukov was the party's leader throughout its existence.\nThe Kadets' base of support were intellectuals and professionals; university professors and lawyers were particularly prominent within the party. Many Kadet party members were veterans of the zemstvo, local councils. The Constitutional Democratic Party formed from the merger of several liberal groupings, namely the Union of Liberation, the Union of Zemstvo Constitutionalists and the Union of Unions as well as the organization of bourgeois professionals and intellectuals, including teachers, lawyers, writers, physicians and engineers.The Kadets' liberal economic program favored the workers' right to an eight-hour day and the right to take strike action. The Kadets \"were unwaveringly committed to full citizenship for all of Russia's minorities\" and supported Jewish emancipation. The party drew significant support from Jews and Volga Germans and a significant number of each group were active party members.", "Q664": "New Zealand (M\u0101ori: Aotearoa [a\u0254\u02c8t\u025ba\u027e\u0254a]) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country has two main landmasses\u2014the North Island (Te Ika-a-M\u0101ui), and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)\u2014and around 600 smaller islands. It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres (103,500 sq mi). New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was the last large habitable land to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal, and plant life. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland.\nBetween about 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and developed a distinctive M\u0101ori culture. In 1642, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand. In 1840, representatives of the United Kingdom and M\u0101ori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which declared British sovereignty over the islands. In 1841, New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion; it gained full statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state. Today, the majority of New Zealand's population of 4.9 million is of European descent; the indigenous M\u0101ori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders. Reflecting this, New Zealand's culture is mainly derived from M\u0101ori and early British settlers, with recent broadening arising from increased immigration. The official languages are English, M\u0101ori, and New Zealand Sign Language, with English being very dominant.\nA developed country, New Zealand ranks highly in international comparisons of national performance, such as quality of life, health, education, protection of civil liberties, and economic freedom. New Zealand underwent major economic changes during the 1980s, which transformed it from a protectionist to a liberalised free-trade economy. The service sector dominates the national economy, followed by the industrial sector, and agriculture; international tourism is a significant source of revenue. Nationally, legislative authority is vested in an elected, unicameral Parliament, while executive political power is exercised by the Cabinet, led by the prime minister, currently Jacinda Ardern. Queen Elizabeth II is the country's monarch and is represented by a governor-general, currently Dame Patsy Reddy. In addition, New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes. The Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau (a dependent territory); the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing states in free association with New Zealand); and the Ross Dependency, which is New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica.\nNew Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ASEAN Plus Six, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Pacific Community and the Pacific Islands Forum.", "Q93043": "Jonathan P. Bowen FBCS FRSA (born 1956) is a British computer scientist.\n\n", "Q211764": "Woluwe-Saint-Lambert (French pronunciation: \u200b[wolywe s\u025b\u0303 l\u0251\u0303b\u025b\u02d0\u0281]) or Sint-Lambrechts-Woluwe (Dutch, pronounced [s\u026ant \u02c8l\u0251mbr\u025bxts \u02c8wo\u02d0lyw\u0259] (listen)) is one of the nineteen municipalities in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium. It is a prosperous residential area, with a mixture of flats and detached, semi-detached and terraced houses, often compared with Uccle (Ukkel in Dutch), another affluent Brussels municipality, and the 14th or 17th arrondissement in Paris.\nIn common with all the Brussels municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French\u2013Dutch). In French it is often spelt Woluw\u00e9-Saint-Lambert with an acute accent on the first 'e' to reflect the Frenchified pronunciation of what was originally a Dutch place name, but the official spelling is without an accent.\nThe neighbouring municipality of Woluwe-Saint-Pierre also lies within the Brussels-Capital Region, while the former municipality of Sint-Stevens-Woluwe (Woluwe-Saint-Etienne in French) has been merged with three other municipalities (Zaventem, Nossegem and Sterrebeek) to form the municipality of Zaventem, which is in the province of Flemish Brabant in Flanders.", "Q50008": "The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register, adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, in turn wholly owned by News Corp. The Times and The Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently, and have only had common ownership since 1967.\nThe Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, such as The Times of India and The New York Times. In countries where these other titles are popular, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London, although the newspaper is of national scope and distribution.\nThe Times had an average daily circulation of 417,298 in January 2019; in the same period, The Sunday Times had an average weekly circulation of 712,291. An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006. The Times has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index. A complete historical file of the digitised paper, up to 2010, is online from Gale Cengage Learning.", "Q269807": "Michelle Renee Clunie (born November 7, 1969) is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her roles as Melanie Marcus on Showtime's critically acclaimed series Queer as Folk, as Mrs. Finch on MTV\u2019s Teen Wolf and as Ellen Beals on Make It or Break It.", "Q4794630": "Arne Meidell (17 November 1894 \u2013 8 August 1963) was a Norwegian jurist and businessperson.\nHe was born in Kristiania as a son of barrister Kristian Garup Meidell (1866\u20131926) and Kristine Marie Birkeland (1871\u20131958). He was a maternal grandson of Supreme Court Justice Laurits Birkeland. In 1918 he married Danish pharmacist's daughter Asta Trojel (1896\u20131984).He finished his education at Frogner School in 1912, and graduated from the Royal Frederick University with the cand.jur. degree in 1916. After graduation, he was a junior solicitor, then from 1925 a barrister with access to Supreme Court cases. By then he had already become a business leader. In 1922 he was hired as manager of Lilleborg Fabriker, advancing to chief executive officer in 1929. In 1933 he was hired as chief executive (director-general) in Borregaard, where he remained until 1960.He also chaired the board of Borregaard and Norges Eksportr\u00e5d, was a board member of De-No-Fa from 1925 to 1933, Lade Fabriker from 1926 to 1933, Andresens og Bergens Kreditbank from 1928 to 1933, as well as Sulitjelma Gruber from 1937, Norsk Cellullfabrikk, Folldal Verk, and supervisory council member of Forsikringsaktieselskabet Norden and Norges Hypotekforening for N\u00e6ringslivet. He was a member of the skiing-based social club SK Fram, and served as deputy chairman from 1959 to 1960 and chairman from 1960 to 1963. He was a vice president of the Norwegian Red Cross, and in the 1930s he was a member of the council of Norges Forsvarsforening. He also served as a consul for Denmark from 1928 to 1933.He was decorated as a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog, the Order of Vasa, the Order of the White Rose of Finland and the Austrian Order of Merit, as well as a Commander with Star of the Order of St. Olav. A road has been named after him in Sarpsborg, and a bust of Meidell was unveiled in the same city in 1964.", "Q1081874": "Slip-n-Slide Records is an American record label, founded in 1994 by Ted Lucas.", "Q697084": "The Duchy of Oldenburg (German: Herzogtum Oldenburg) \u2014 named after its capital, the town of Oldenburg \u2014 was a state in the north-west of present-day Germany. The counts of Oldenburg died out in 1667, after which it became a duchy until 1810, when it was annexed by the First French Empire. It was located near the mouth of the River Weser.\nWhen the main lineage of the House of Oldenburg died out in 1667 with Anthony G\u00fcnther, Count of Oldenburg, it fell to the Frederick III of Denmark of the line of the Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp, who married Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia, daughter of Peter the Great. Another, his first cousin, Frederick August I, became Duke of Oldenburg in 1774. One of his brothers, Adolf Frederick, became King of Sweden. Another brother, Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp, was father of Peter I, who became Grand Duke of Oldenburg in 1823. Subsequent Rulers of Oldenburg were all his descendants.Its ruling family, the House of Oldenburg, also came to rule in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greece and Russia. The heirs of a junior line of the Greek branch are, through Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, in the line of succession to the thrones of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms after Queen Elizabeth II.", "Q11732": "Michael Mayr (10 April 1864 \u2013 21 May 1922) was an Austrian politician, who served as Chancellor of Austria in the First Austrian Republic from July 1920 to June 1921. He was a member of the Christian Social Party, and by profession a historian.\n\n", "Q4706434": "Alan John Cransberg (born 22 September 1958) is an Australian businessman and former Australian rules footballer who is the current chairman of the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League, as well as a member of the boards of several other organisations. Cransberg grew up in Bunbury, Western Australia, attending Bunbury Senior High School. He played for the South Bunbury Football Club in the South West Football League (SWFL), before being recruited by the Swan Districts Football Club in the Perth-based Western Australian National Football League (WANFL) prior to the 1976 season. Cransberg went on to play 115 games for Swan Districts, mainly playing as a defender. He played at centre half-back in Swan Districts' 1982 premiership team, and also played in the premiership side the following season, retiring after the 1983 season to concentrate on his business career. Cransberg graduated from the University of Western Australia in 1980 with an honours degree in civil engineering. He joined Alcoa Australia after his graduation, and held various planning, engineering and managerial positions from 1981 to 1997, before being appointed location manager of the company's Pinjarra alumina refinery in 1998.In 2001, Cransberg moved to Texas to become location manager of the Point Comfort alumina refinery and chemicals complex, and, in 2003, he was made President, Primary Metals United States Division, with his title expanded in 2004 to President, Primary Metals North America Division. From 2004, he was President, Global Manufacturing for Alcoa's Global Primary Products group, based in New York City, and later served as chairman of Alcoa's Employee Relations Council. Cransberg was made a vice-president of Alcoa in 2006. Returning to Australia in 2008, he was promoted to the position of managing director of Alcoa Australia. In this role, he participated in the Australia 2020 Summit as part of the \"Productivity Agenda\" group. He joined the West Coast Eagles' board in 2008, and was appointed chairman for the 2011 season, taking over from Mark Barnaba. Cransberg currently also holds board positions with the Australian Institute of Management (AIM), the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Western Australia and the Black Swan State Theatre Company, and is also involved with the Australia Business Arts Foundation (ABAF) in a counselling position. He currently lives in Mandurah, and has four children (Matt, Josie, Jamie, and Sasha) with his wife, Jenny. Cransberg's brother, Peter Cransberg, was also a footballer, and played for East Perth and Essendon.", "Q293773": "Estrella Morente (Estrella de la Aurora Morente Carbonell) is a Spanish flamenco singer. She was born on 14 August 1980 in Las Gabias, Granada in southern Spain. She is the daughter of flamenco singer Enrique Morente and dancer Aurora Carbonell.\nShe has performed with her father since age seven and recorded her first album in 2001, Mi Cante Y Un Poema (My Songs and A Poem). This was followed the same year by Calle del Aire, which was well received by critics and flamenco fans. She released her third album, Mujeres (Women) in 2006, which her father produced. On 14 December 2001 she married bullfighter Javier Conde in Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de las Angustias basilica in Granada. They have two children, Curro (2002) and Estrella (2005).", "Q162732": "Robert S. Nevil (born October 2, 1958) is an American pop singer, songwriter, producer, and guitarist who had five Billboard Top 40 hits including his songs \"C'est la Vie\" (#2, 1986), \"Dominoes\" (#14, 1987), and \"Wot's It to Ya\" (#10, 1987).", "Q923104": "Derrick May (born April 6, 1963), also known as Mayday and Rhythim Is Rhythim, is an electronic musician from Belleville, Michigan, United States. May is credited with pioneering techno music in the 1980s along with collaborators Juan Atkins and Kevin Saunderson, commonly known as the Belleville Three.", "Q3205": "William Terry (August 14, 1824 \u2013 September 5, 1888) was a nineteenth-century politician, lawyer, teacher, and soldier from Virginia and the last commander of the famed Stonewall Brigade during the American Civil War.", "Q324913": "Judith of Poland (Polish: Judyta Boles\u0142aw\u00f3wna, Hungarian: Judit lengyel hercegn\u0151, German: Judith von Polen; b. c. 1130/35 \u2013 died 8 July 1171/75), was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast and by marriage Margravine of Brandenburg.\nShe was the daughter of Boles\u0142aw III Wrymouth, Duke of Poland, by his second wife Salomea, daughter of Henry, Count of Berg. She was probably named after either her paternal grandmother, Judith of Bohemia or her older half-sister, Princess consort of Murom.\n\n", "Q1617495": "The Kingdom of Ja\u00e9n (Spanish: reino de Ja\u00e9n) was a territorial jurisdiction of the Crown of Castile since 1246 and until Javier de Burgos' provincial division of Spain in 1833. This was a \"kingdom\" (\"reino\") in the second sense given by the Diccionario de la lengua espa\u00f1ola de la Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola: the Crown of Castile consisted of several such kingdoms. Known also as the \"Santo Reino\" (\"Holy Kingdom\"), its territory coincided roughly with the present-day province of Ja\u00e9n. Ja\u00e9n was one of the Four Kingdoms of Andalusia. Its extent is detailed in Respuestas Generales del Catastro de Ensenada (1750\u201354), which was part of the documentation of a census.\nLike the other kingdoms within Spain, the Kingdom of Ja\u00e9n was abolished by the 1833 territorial division of Spain.", "Q105971": "Katharina Sibylla Sch\u00fccking (n\u00e9e Busch; 26 January 1791, Ahlen \u2013 2 November 1831, Ludmillenhof, S\u00f6gel, near Meppen) was a German poet from Westphalia.", "Q556660": "Paul Hermelin (born April 30th, 1952) is the chairman and CEO of Capgemini.", "Q21197": "Chi\u0219in\u0103u ( KISH-ih-NOW, also US: KEE-shee-NOW, Romanian: [ki\u0283i\u02c8n\u0259w] (listen)), also known as Kishinev (Russian: \u041a\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0451\u0432, tr. Kishinj\u00f3v [k\u02b2\u026a\u0282\u0268\u02c8n\u02b2\u0275f]), is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Moldova. The city is Moldova's main industrial and commercial center, and is located in the middle of the country, on the river B\u00e2c, a tributary of the Dniester. According to the results of the 2014 census, the city proper had a population of 532,513, while the population of the Municipality of Chi\u0219in\u0103u (which includes the city itself and other nearby communities) was 662,836. Chi\u0219in\u0103u is the most economically prosperous locality in Moldova and its largest transportation hub.\n\n", "Q540002": "Tom Walkinshaw (14 August 1946 \u2013 12 December 2010) was a British racing car driver and the founder of the racing team Tom Walkinshaw Racing (TWR). He was also involved in professional rugby union, as owner of Gloucester Rugby, and chairman of the team owners organisation for the Aviva Premiership.", "Q18716": "Newcastle United Football Club is an English professional football club based in Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, that plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football.\nFounded in 1892 by the merger of Newcastle East End and Newcastle West End. The team plays its home matches at St. James' Park. Per the Taylor Report's requirement that all Premier League clubs have an all-seater stadium, the ground was adjusted in the mid-1990s and now has a capacity of 52,354.The club has been a member of the Premier League for all but three years of the competition's history, spending 87 seasons in the top flight as of May 2019, and have never dropped below English football's second tier since joining the Football League in 1893. Newcastle have won 4 League titles, 6 FA Cups and a Charity Shield, as well as the 1969 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup, the ninth highest total of trophies won by an English club. The club's most successful period was between 1904 and 1910, when they won an FA Cup and three of their League titles. Newcastle were relegated in 2009, and again in 2016. The club won promotion at the first time of asking each time, returning to the Premier League as Championship winners in 2010, and again in 2017.\nNewcastle has a local rivalry with Sunderland, with whom they have contested the Tyne\u2013Wear derby since 1898. The club's traditional kit colours are black and white striped shirts, black shorts and black socks. Their crest has elements of the city coat of arms, which features two grey seahorses. Before each home game, the team enters the field to \"Local Hero\", and \"Blaydon Races\" is also sung during games.The club has been owned by Mike Ashley since 2007, succeeding long-term chairman Sir John Hall. The club is the 17th-highest revenue producing club in the world in terms of annual revenue, generating \u20ac169.3 million in 2015. Newcastle's highest placing was in 1999, when they were the fifth-highest revenue producing football club in the world, and second in England only behind Manchester United.", "Q207660": "Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle (French: [klod \u0292\u0254z\u025bf \u0281u\u0292\u025b d(\u0259) lil]), sometimes spelled de l'Isle or de Lile (10 May 1760 \u2013 26 June 1836), was a French army officer of the French Revolutionary Wars. He is known for writing the words and music of the Chant de guerre pour l'arm\u00e9e du Rhin in 1792, which would later be known as La Marseillaise and become the French national anthem.", "Q444516": "Ekaterina Nagy von Cziser, better known by her stage name K\u00e4the von Nagy (4 April 1904 \u2013 20 December 1973), was a Hungarian actress, model, dancer, and singer who worked in the German and French cinema.", "Q1176556": "David Schofield (born 1951) is an English actor. He is best known for his role as Ian Mercer in the films Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006) and Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007). He also appeared in the films An American Werewolf in London (1981), Gladiator (2000), From Hell (2001), Valkyrie (2008), The Wolfman (2010) and Darkest Hour (2017).", "Q95354": "Johann Gustav Wilhelm Moritz Heckscher (born 26 December 1797 in Hamburg; died 7 April 1865 in Vienna) was a German politician.", "Q109193": "Carmen Beth Twillie (born April 8, 1950) is an American actress and vocal singer. She is a longtime friend of Tommy Morgan and has appeared as guest contralto soloist with Morgan's choir. She is best known for singing the Elton John and Tim Rice song \"Circle of Life\" in the beginning of the 1994 Disney animated feature film The Lion King. She worked with Pink Floyd for their 1987 album, A Momentary Lapse of Reason, recording background vocals. She provided the singing voice of Stormella in the 1998 Christmas animated film Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Movie and she was a vocal singer in the 1997 animated film Cats Don't Dance. She does a few of small voice roles in the 1993 stop-motion animated film The Nightmare Before Christmas as the Undersea Gal and the Man under the Stairs. She also appeared on the Chowder episode Sing Beans doing one of the voices for the sing beans alongside voice actors Jess Harnell, John DiMaggio, and Tara Strong.\nShe also is a backup singer, having appeared in several albums released by artists such as Celine Dion and Whitney Houston.\n\n", "Q157789": "Frederick I (7 October 1471 \u2013 10 April 1533) was the king of Denmark and Norway. His name is also spelled Frederik in Danish and Norwegian, \nFriedrich in German and Fredrik in Swedish. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over Denmark, when subsequent monarchs embraced Lutheranism after the Protestant Reformation. As king of Norway, Frederick is most remarkable in never having visited the country and was never crowned as such. Therefore, he was styled King of Denmark, the Vends and the Goths, elected King of Norway.", "Q3809385": "John Karlsen, sometimes credited as Charles John Karlsen or John Karlson (20 October 1919 \u2013 5 July 2017), was an actor from New Zealand who was active in cinema between 1958 and 2003. He is best known for Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), The Black Stallion (1979) and The Sin Eater (2003). In Europe he appeared in mostly Italian films.\nKarlsen was born in Wellington, New Zealand, and launched his career in Europe in the late 1950s.His filmography includes 80 titles, including several works for television.\nKarlsen died on 5 July 2017 in Auckland, New Zealand, at the age of 97.", "Q4742276": "Amelia Anne Kyambadde is a Ugandan politician. She is the current Cabinet Minister of Trade, Industry and Cooperatives in the Ugandan Cabinet. She was appointed to that position on 6 June 2016. She has previously served as Cabinet Minister of Trade and Industry between 27 May 2011 and 6 June 2016. She replaced Kahinda Otafiire, who was appointed Minister for Justice. Amelia Kyambadde is also the elected Member of Parliament (MP) for \"Mawokota County North\" in Mpigi District.", "Q361297": "Joseph Walter Jackson (July 26, 1928 \u2013 June 27, 2018) was an American talent manager and patriarch of the Jackson family of entertainers that includes his children Michael and Janet. He was inducted into the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame in 2014.", "Q450563": "Cristina Trivulzio di Belgiojoso (Italian pronunciation: [kri\u02c8sti\u02d0na tri\u02c8vultsjo di beld\u0292o\u02c8jo\u02d0so, -o\u02d0zo]; 28 June 1808, Milan, Lombardy, Italy \u2013 5 July 1871, near Milan) was an Italian noblewoman, princess of Belgiojoso, who played a prominent part in Italy's struggle for independence. She is also notable as a writer and journalist.", "Q2560493": "Carl Gunnar Michael Fant (October 8, 1919 \u2013 June 6, 2009) was a leading researcher in speech science in general and speech synthesis in particular who spent most of his career as a professor at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm. He was a first cousin of George Fant, the actor and director.\nGunnar Fant received a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from KTH in 1945. He specialized in the acoustics of the human voice, measuring formant values, and continued to work in this area at Ericsson and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He also took the initiative of creating a speech communication department at KTH, unusual at the time.\nFant's work led to the birth of a new era of speech synthesis with the introduction of powerful and configurable formant synthesizers. In 1960 he published the source-filter model of speech production, which became widely used. In the 1960s, Gunnar Fant's Orator Verbis Electris (OVE) competed with Walter Lawrence's Parametric Artificial Talker (PAT) in creating lifelike speech synthesis.\nIn later years, Gunnar Fant remained active in the area of speech synthesis, focusing mainly on research on prosody.\nFant received honorary doctorates from the Grenoble University (1978) and from Stockholm University (1988), and several other awards. In 1989, he was the inaugural recipient Scientific Achievement Medal of the International Speech Communication Association. He also received the Swedish Academy Margit P\u00e5hlson award, and the IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award (2003). He was a member\nof the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences.", "Q554077": "Michael James Wallace Ashley (born 9 September 1964) is a British billionaire retail entrepreneur in the sporting goods market, and the chief executive of Sports Direct. He entered the department store industry following the acquisition of House of Fraser following administration in 2018. He is also the owner of Newcastle United after paying around \u00a3135 million to buy the club.\nAccording to The Sunday Times Rich List in 2019, Ashley is worth \u00a31.976 billion, a decrease of \u00a3461 million from the previous year.Since Sports Direct International Plc went public, and his purchase of Newcastle United where he took to sitting in the stands with fans, Ashley took on a more public and accessible persona. However, after the departure of Kevin Keegan as manager and the club's relegation, he has only made low key appearances when attending Newcastle matches.", "Q1412": "Finnish, whose endonym is suomi ([\u02c8suo\u032fmi] (listen) or suomen kieli [\u02c8suo\u032fme\u014b \u02c8kie\u032fli]) is a Uralic language of the Finnic branch spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. Finnish, along with Swedish, is an official language of Finland; Finnish is also an official minority language in Sweden. In Sweden, both Standard Finnish and Me\u00e4nkieli, its own language or a dialect of Finnish, are spoken. The Kven language, a dialect of Finnish or even a distinct language, is spoken in Northern Norway by a minority group of Finnish descent. The status of Kven and Me\u00e4nkieli is debated.\nFinnish is a member of the Finnic language family and is typologically between fusional and agglutinative languages. It modifies and inflects nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals and verbs, depending on their roles in the sentence. Sentences are normally formed following the subject\u2013verb\u2013object syntax, although the extensive use of inflection allows them to be ordered otherwise. Words are written using a Latin-script alphabet derived from the Swedish alphabet, and are meant to be spelled exactly as they are pronounced, with each letter representing one phoneme. Vowel length and geminated consonants are distinguished, and its phonology includes a range of diphthongs, although vowel harmony limits which diphthongs are possible.\n\n", "Q1051843": "Neo-progressive rock (also known as neo-prog) is a subgenre of progressive rock which developed in the UK in the early 1980s. The genre's most popular band, Marillion, achieved mainstream success in the decade. Several bands from the genre have continued to record and tour.", "Q166554": "Water is a 1985 British comedy film directed by Dick Clement and starring Michael Caine. It was scripted by Clement and Ian La Frenais.", "Q156497": "Triumph of the Will (German: Triumph des Willens) is a 1935 Nazi propaganda film directed, produced, edited, and co-written by Leni Riefenstahl. It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg, which was attended by more than 700,000 Nazi supporters. The film contains excerpts from speeches given by Nazi leaders at the Congress, including Adolf Hitler, Rudolf Hess and Julius Streicher, interspersed with footage of massed Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS) troops and public reaction. Hitler commissioned the film and served as an unofficial executive producer; his name appears in the opening titles. The film's overriding theme is the return of Germany as a great power, with Hitler as the leader who will bring glory to the nation. Because the film was made after the 1934 Night of the Long Knives (on 30 June), many prominent Sturmabteilung (SA) members are absent\u2014they were murdered in that Party purge, organised and orchestrated by Hitler to replace the SA with the Schutzstaffel (SS) as his main paramilitary force.\nTriumph of the Will was released in 1935 and became a major example of film used as propaganda. Riefenstahl's techniques\u2014such as moving cameras, aerial photography, the use of long-focus lenses to create a distorted perspective, and the revolutionary approach to the use of music and cinematography\u2014have earned Triumph of the Will recognition as one of the greatest propaganda films in history. Riefenstahl helped to stage the scenes, directing and rehearsing some of them at least fifty times. Riefenstahl won several awards, not only in Germany but also in the United States, France, Sweden and other countries. The film was popular in the Third Reich, and has continued to influence films, documentaries and commercials to this day. In Germany, the film is not censored but the courts commonly classify it as Nazi propaganda which requires an educational context to public screenings.An earlier film by Riefenstahl\u2014The Victory of Faith (Der Sieg des Glaubens)\u2014showed Hitler and SA leader Ernst R\u00f6hm together at the 1933 Nazi Party Congress. After R\u00f6hm's murder, the party attempted the destruction of all copies, leaving only one known to have survived in Britain. The direction and sequencing of images is almost the same as that Riefenstahl used in Triumph of the Will a year later.\nFrank Capra's seven-film series Why We Fight is said to have been directly inspired by, and the United States' response to, Triumph of the Will.", "Q98670": "G\u00fcnter Herlitz (February 9, 1913 \u2013 September 11, 2010) was born in Berlin as the son of Carl Herlitz, founder of the Herlitz stationery company.", "Q8350": "The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass family. As on all brass instruments, sound is produced when the player's vibrating lips (embouchure) cause the air column inside the instrument to vibrate. Unlike most other brass instruments, which have valves that, when pressed, alter the pitch of the instrument, trombones instead have a telescoping slide mechanism that varies the length of the instrument to change the pitch. However, many modern trombone models also use a valve attachment to lower the pitch of the instrument. Variants such as the valve trombone and superbone have three valves similar to those on the trumpet.\nThe word \"trombone\" derives from Italian tromba (trumpet) and -one (a suffix meaning \"large\"), so the name means \"large trumpet\". The trombone has a predominantly cylindrical bore like its valved counterpart, the baritone, in contrast to its conical valved counterparts: the cornet, the euphonium, and the French horn. The most frequently encountered trombones are the tenor trombone and bass trombone. The most common variant, the tenor, is a non-transposing instrument pitched in B\u266d, an octave below the B\u266d trumpet and an octave above the pedal B\u266d tuba. The once common E\u266d alto trombone became less widely used as improvements in technique extended the upper range of the tenor, but it is now resurging due to its lighter sonority which is appreciated in many classical and early romantic works. Trombone music is usually written in concert pitch in either bass or tenor clef, although exceptions do occur, notably in British brass-band music where the tenor trombone is presented as a B\u266d transposing instrument, written in treble clef.\nA person who plays the trombone is called a trombonist or trombone player.", "Q965179": "Tommy Johnson (January 1896 \u2013 November 1, 1956) was an American Delta blues musician who recorded in the late 1920s and was known for his eerie falsetto voice and intricate guitar playing. \nHe was unrelated to the blues musician Robert Johnson.", "Q767439": "Augusten Xon Burroughs (born Christopher Richter Robison, October 23, 1965) is an American writer known for his New York Times bestselling memoir Running with Scissors (2002).", "Q2824670": "Adnan Kassar (Arabic: \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0631; born 1930) is a Lebanese banker, businessman and politician, who served at different cabinet posts.", "Q1395649": "Marilyn Neoma Musgrave (n\u00e9e Shuler; born January 27, 1949), American politician, is a former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives who served from 2003 to 2009, representing the 4th District of Colorado.\nMusgrave served on the Agriculture and Small Business Committees. In the 110th Congress, she served as Ranking Minority member of the Specialty Crops, Rural Development, and Foreign Agriculture subcommittee. She also served as the Region Two representative for the Republican Steering Committee. She was the first Republican woman elected to Congress from Colorado.\nMusgrave lost her seat in 2008 to Democratic challenger Betsy Markey by a 56 to 44 percent margin.Musgrave currently works for the Susan B. Anthony List, a non-profit that supports pro-life women in politics.", "Q518241": "Victor Schi\u00f8ler was a Danish classical pianist (7 April 1899 \u2013 17 February 1967).", "Q549768": "Dying Fetus is an American death metal band originally from Greater Upper Marlboro, Maryland. Formed in 1991, the group is known for their consistently hook-laden song structures, characterized by blast beats, complex riffing, slam riffs and heavy breakdowns. Additionally, their reality-based lyrics characterized by political/modern themes are notable in death metal. Various line-up changes throughout the years have left John Gallagher as the sole remaining original member, as well as the band's driving force. According to Gallagher, the band name was chosen while the members were of adolescent ages and was intended to be offensive. To date, Dying Fetus has released eight studio albums.", "Q674451": "Shane Rimmer (28 May 1929 \u2013 29 March 2019) was a Canadian actor, voice actor, screenwriter and singer, known for providing the voice of Scott Tracy in the British television series Thunderbirds (1965\u20131966). One of his more recent roles was portraying the voice of Louie Watterson on the Cartoon Network series The Amazing World of Gumball (2011\u2013present).", "Q414309": "The Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague (AAAD, Czech: Vysok\u00e1 \u0161kola um\u011bleckopr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 v Praze, abbreviated V\u0160UP, also known as UMPRUM) is a public university located in Prague, Czech Republic. University is offering the study disciplines of painting, illustration and graphics, fashion design, product design, graphic design, ceramics and porcelain, photography and architecture.", "Q445620": "Elizabeth Evans May (born June 9, 1954) is a Canadian politician who served as leader of the Green Party of Canada from 2006 to 2019 and Member of Parliament for Saanich\u2014Gulf Islands since 2011. An environmentalist, author, activist, and lawyer, May founded and served as the Executive Director of the Sierra Club Canada from 1989 to 2006. May was the longest serving female leader of a Canadian federal party.\nBorn in Hartford, Connecticut, Elizabeth May immigrated to Canada with her family as a teenager. She attended St. Francis Xavier University, graduated from Dalhousie University with a law degree in 1983, and later studied theology at Saint Paul University for which she told the Anglican Journal in a 2013 interview that she had to withdraw from the program due to conflicting schedule demands. Following her graduation from Dalhousie University, May worked as an environmental lawyer in Halifax before moving to Ottawa in 1985, joining the Public Interest Advocacy Centre as the associate general council. In 1986 she was named Senior Policy Advisor to Thomas McMillan, then-Environment Minister in the Progressive Conservative Mulroney government. As senior policy advisor, May was deeply involved in the negotiation of the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer. She resigned on principle from the position in 1988 over permits for construction of a dam granted without environmental assessments, which were later determined to be illegal by a federal court.\nIn 2006, after building the Sierra Club into a nationally effective organization, May resigned to run for leadership of the Green Party of Canada, winning on the first ballot with 66% of the vote. On May 2, 2011, May became the first member of the Green Party of Canada to be elected as a Member of Parliament, defeating Conservative cabinet minister Gary Lunn with 46% of the vote in the Saanich\u2013Gulf Islands riding. In the 2019 federal election, she was re-elected with 54% of the vote. May resigned as Green Party leader on November 4, 2019 but remains as parliamentary leader in the house.Elizabeth May has been an officer of the Order of Canada since 2005, and has been named by the United Nations as one of the leading women environmentalists worldwide. She was named by fellow MPs as Parliamentarian of the Year 2012, Hardest Working MP 2013, and Best Orator 2014. In 2010, Newsweek named her as one of the world's most influential women. May has written eight books; her memoir, Who We Are - Reflections of my Life and Canada was listed as a best-seller by The Globe and Mail.", "Q279382": "Dany Robin (French pronunciation: \u200b[dani \u0281\u0254b\u025b\u0303]; 14 April 1927 \u2013 25 May 1995) was a French actress of the 1950s and the 1960s.", "Q115592": "Gustave Ador (23 December 1845 \u2013 31 March 1928) was a Swiss politician. In 1919, he became President of the Confederation.", "Q4708431": "Alasdair Henry Hutton OBE, TD (born 19 May 1940, London) is a writer and narrator for public events and concerts, including the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo.\nAlasdair is a Scot who was educated at Dollar Academy and went to Australia at 14. He continued briefly at Brisbane State High School, which named him among its most distinguished alumni in 2019, and got his first job in commercial radio station 4BH in Brisbane at 15. He worked as a journalist on The Age newspaper in Melbourne before he returned to Scotland to become a reporter for The Aberdeen Press and Journal and Evening Express and then a broadcaster with the BBC in Scotland, London and Northern Ireland. He also trained as a film director and was a Producer with BBC Radio Shetland.\nHe served for ten years as a Scottish Conservative Party Member of the European Parliament for the South of Scotland European Parliament constituency between 1979 and 1989 and later served as a local Councillor on Scottish Borders Council representing Kelso from 2002 to 2012. He was Convener (Mayor) for nine years from 2003 to 2012 [1]. He is divorced from Deirdre Hutton by whom he has two sons.\nHe became the Storyteller and writer of the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo in 1992 which neatly brought together his experience in broadcasting with his weekend \"hobby\" as a TA Paratrooper with 15 Para \u2013 the Scottish Volunteer Battalion of The Parachute Regiment with which he served from 1964 to 1986. He also served with CVHQ attached to UK 1 Div for the next ten years and as Honorary Colonel of the Lothian and Borders Battalion of the Army Cadet Force from 2006 to 2009. He has been a Member of the Queen's Bodyguard for Scotland \u2013 The Royal Company of Archers since 1988.\nSince then he has gone on to become the most experienced presenter of tattoos and big shows in the English-speaking world adding concerts, DVDs, seminars and conferences to his experience as a speech writer and maker.\nIn 1997 he published an anecdotal history of his TA Para Battalion \"15 Para 1947 - 1993\". He published a children's book \"The Tattoo Fox\" about the adventures of a Border fox who goes to live on Edinburgh Castle Rock and loves the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo in 2013 and published a sequel \"The Tattoo Fox Makes New Friends\" in 2014. In 2016 he celebrated 25 years as storyteller and writer of the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo and wrote an account of the Edinburgh Tattoo and the others he has narrated around the world in a book called \"The Greatest Show on Earth\". He also published a Treasury of Scottish Nursery Rhymes just before Christmas 2016. His most recent book for children is Mustard and Pepper about two Dandie Dinmont terriers at Abbotsford during the time of Sir Walter Scott, which was published in 2019.\nHe is a founder member of the Robert Burns World Federation Guild of Speakers. He is also\nPatron, Borders Talking Newspaper;\nPatron, Borders Independent Advocacy Service;\nTrustee, LiveBorders;\nTrustee, Victor Murphy Trust;\nLife Member and past Chairman, Edinburgh Sir Walter Scott Club;\nFormer Chairman and Vice President, John Buchan Society;\nChairman, South East Scotland Committee, Order of St John;\nPresident, Edinburgh, Lothians and Border Area, Royal British Legion Scotland;\nPresident, Kelso Branch, Royal British Legion Scotland;\nPresident, Scotland and Northern Ireland Region, Parachute Regimental Association.\nElder, Kelso North Church of Scotland;\nHe was appointed to the Order of the British Empire as a Member in 1986 and raised to Officer in 1989. He was awarded the Territorial Decoration in 1977 and was invested as a Serving Brother of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in 2014 and raised to Officer in 2020.\n\n", "Q163404": "Jasper Tsang Yok-sing, GBM, JP (Chinese: \u66fe\u923a\u6210; born 17 May 1947) is a Hong Kong politician. He is the founding member of the largest pro-Beijing party the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) from 1992 to 2003 and the 2nd President of the Legislative Council from 2008 to 2016.\nGraduated from the University of Hong Kong, Tsang chose to teach in the leftist Pui Kiu Middle School and became its principal before he stepped into politics in the 1980s. In 1992 he founded the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong and first contested in the 1995 Legislative Council election in which he lost the race. He was elected in Kowloon West in the first Legislative Council election after the handover of Hong Kong in 1998. He was also the member of the Executive Council from 2002 to 2008.\nHe became the President of the Legislative Council in 2008. Due to his relatively fair and accommodating presiding styles and his relatively liberal image within the pro-Beijing camp, he enjoyed high popularity within his last years before his retirement from the Legislative Council in 2016. He also expressed interest in running in the 2012 and 2017 Chief Executive elections but did not stand eventually.", "Q567495": "William Lindley (7 September 1808 in London \u2013 22 May 1900 in Blackheath, London), was an English engineer who together with his sons designed water and sewerage systems for over 30 cities across Europe.", "Q553730": "Per Fredrik Wahl\u00f6\u00f6 (5 August 1926 \u2013 22 June 1975) - in English translations often identified as Peter Wahloo - was a Swedish author. He is perhaps best known for the collaborative work with his partner Maj Sj\u00f6wall on a series of ten novels about the exploits of Martin Beck, a police detective in Stockholm, published between 1965 and 1975. In 1971, The Laughing Policeman (a translation of Den skrattande polisen, originally published in 1968) won an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Novel. Wahl\u00f6\u00f6 and Sj\u00f6wall also wrote novels separately.\nWahl\u00f6\u00f6 was born in T\u00f6l\u00f6 parish, Kungsbacka Municipality, Halland. Following school, he worked as a crime reporter from 1946 onwards. After long trips around the world he returned to Sweden and started working as a journalist again.\nHe had a thirteen-year relationship with his colleague Maj Sj\u00f6wall but never married her, as he already was married. Both were Marxists.", "Q1133022": "Gene Patrick \"Corky\" Corcoran (July 28, 1924 - October 3, 1979) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist.\nCorcoran was born in Tacoma, Washington. He first played professionally in 1940 with Sonny Dunham, then joined Harry James's ensemble for from 1941 to 1947. He left James for a short time, playing with his own ensemble and working briefly in Tommy Dorsey's band before rejoining James in 1949. He continued to work with James until 1957, and also played concurrently with his own ensembles. In 1962, he once again began working with James, an association that would continue almost to Corcoran's death. He died in Tacoma.", "Q311980": "Christopher Diamantopoulos (born May 9, 1975) is a Canadian actor and comedian. His acting roles include Russ Hanneman in the HBO series Silicon Valley, Moe Howard in the 2012 film The Three Stooges, and the voice of Mickey Mouse in the eponymous television series.", "Q139078": "Zabriskie Point is a 1970 American drama film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni and starring Mark Frechette, Daria Halprin, and Rod Taylor. It was widely noted at the time for its setting in the counterculture of the United States. Some of the film's scenes were shot on location at Zabriskie Point in Death Valley. The film was an overwhelming commercial failure, and was panned by most critics upon release. Its critical standing has increased, however, since its release. It has to some extent achieved cult status and is noted for its cinematography, use of music, and direction.", "Q1507170": "For American composer George Henry Crumb, see George Crumb.George Francis Crum (26 October 1926 in Providence, Rhode Island, USA \u2013 8 September 2007 in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada) was the first conductor of the National Ballet of Canada and an accomplished pianist, vocal coach and musical arranger.", "Q505576": "Andrew F. Kay (January 22, 1919 \u2013 August 28, 2014) was a businessman and innovator. He was President and CEO of Kaypro, a personal computer company, which at one time was the world's fourth largest manufacturer of computers, and the largest in the world in sales of portable computers.Kay, a 1940 graduate of MIT, started his career with Bendix followed by two years at Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In 1952, Kay founded Non-Linear Systems, a manufacturer of digital instrumentation. NLS developed a reputation for providing rugged durability in critical applications for everything from submarines to spacecraft. At NLS he invented the digital voltmeter, in 1954.\nKaypro began selling computers in the early 1980s. In 1985, it had more than $120 million in revenues, dwarfing what had been its parent, NLS. But the company's success was relatively short-lived; in 1990 it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and it was liquidated in 1992.In the late 1990s, Kay founded Kay Computers, which similarly manufactured and sold personal computers. The company lasted for less than ten years.\nKay later was a Senior Business Advisor to Accelerated Composites, LLC.\nHe co-founded the Rotary Club of Del Mar, California.", "Q44733": "Heinz-Christian Strache (born 12 June 1969) is an Austrian politician and dental technician who served as Vice-Chancellor of Austria from 2017 to 2019 before resigning for treasonous behavior. He was also Minister of Civil Service and Sports from January 2018 to May 2019 and chairman of the Freedom Party (FP\u00d6) from April 2005 to May 2019. He previously served as a member of the National Council from October 2006 until December 2017 and as a member of the municipal council and state legislature of Vienna (2001\u20132006).\nIn May 2019, footage from 2017 was released showing Strache suggesting he could offer business contracts in exchange for political support from a woman posing as the niece of a Russian oligarch. The video also shows his ideas about turning the country's largest-circulation tabloid, the Kronen Zeitung, into a mouthpiece of the FP\u00d6. On 18 May 2019, in the wake of the Ibiza affair, Strache announced his resignation as vice-chancellor of Austria, minister, and chairman of the Freedom Party.\nOn 1 October 2019, Strache announced that he was retiring from politics and suspending his membership in the Freedom Party.Before the Freedom Party revoked his rights to supervise his page (which is owned by the party), Strache had almost 800,000 Facebook followers, equivalent to about 10% of Austria\u2019s population.", "Q440980": "Shelley Deborah Conn (born 21 September 1976) is an English actress.", "Q212523": "Jan Karski (24 June 1914 \u2013 13 July 2000) was a Polish resistance-fighter soldier, and later a professor at Georgetown University.\nIn 1940\u201343 Karski reported to the Polish Government-in-Exile and to Poland's Western Allies about the situation in German-occupied Poland, especially about Germany's destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto and about Germany's extermination camps on Polish soil that were murdering Jews, Poles, and other nationalities.", "Q254576": "Judith Marjorie Collins (born May 1, 1939) is an American singer and songwriter known for her eclectic tastes in the material she records (which has included folk music, show tunes, pop music, rock and roll and standards) and for her social activism.\nCollins' debut album A Maid of Constant Sorrow was released in 1961, but it was the lead single from her 1967 album Wildflowers, \"Both Sides, Now\" \u2013 written by Joni Mitchell \u2013 that gave Collins international prominence. The single hit the Top 10 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart and won Collins her first Grammy Award for Best Folk Performance. She enjoyed further success with her recordings of \"Someday Soon\", \"Chelsea Morning\", \"Amazing Grace\", and \"Cook with Honey\".\nCollins experienced the biggest success of her career with her recording of Stephen Sondheim's \"Send in the Clowns\" from her best-selling 1975 album Judith. The single charted on the Billboard Pop Singles chart in 1975 and then again in 1977, spending 27 non-consecutive weeks on the chart and earning Collins a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female, as well as a Grammy Award for Sondheim for Song of the Year.", "Q128613": "Ruki Vverh! (Russian: \u0420\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445, meaning \"Hands Up!\") is a Russian pop and techno former band and current solo act by Sergey Zhukov. The band came to prominence in the 1990s.", "Q2133214": "The Master and Margarita (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430, romanized: Master i Margarita) is a Russian television mini-series produced by Russian television channel Telekanal Rossiya, based on the novel The Master and Margarita, written by Soviet writer Mikhail Bulgakov between 1928 and 1940. Vladimir Bortko directed this adaptation and was also its screenwriter. The series tagline is \"Manuscripts do not burn!\".", "Q202056": "Henry Albert Azaria ( \u0259-ZAIR-ee-\u0259; born April 25, 1964) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and producer. He is known for his voice characterizations as a variety of characters in the animated sitcom The Simpsons (1989\u2013present), which has included Moe Szyslak, Apu Nahasapeemapetilon (1990\u20132020), Chief Wiggum, Comic Book Guy, Carl Carlson and others. After attending Tufts University, he joined the series with little voice acting experience, but became a regular in its second season, with many of his performances on the show being based on famous actors and characters. \nIn addition to his work on The Simpsons, Azaria became more widely known for his live-action appearances in feature films such as The Birdcage (1996), Godzilla (1998), Mystery Men (1999), America's Sweethearts (2001), Shattered Glass (2003), Along Came Polly (2004), Run Fatboy Run (2007), Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian (2009) and The Smurfs (2011). Since 2017, he has starred as the title character in Brockmire.\nAzaria had recurring roles on the television series Mad About You and Friends, as the titular character in the drama Huff (2004\u20132006) and appeared in the popular stage musical Spamalot. Originally known as a comedic actor, he has also taken on more dramatic roles, including the TV films Tuesdays With Morrie (1999) and Uprising (2001). He has won six Emmys and a Screen Actors Guild Award. He was married to actress Helen Hunt from 1999 to 2000 and has been married to actress Katie Wright since 2007.", "Q90562": "Elsa Asenijeff (Elsa Maria Packeny 3 January 1867 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary \u2013 5 April 1941 in Br\u00e4unsdorf), was an Austrian writer and partner of Max Klinger.\n\n", "Q350704": "Maximilian Raoul Steiner (May 10, 1888 \u2013 December 28, 1971) was an Austrian-born American music composer for theatre and films, as well as a conductor. He was a child prodigy who conducted his first operetta when he was twelve and became a full-time professional, either composing, arranging, or conducting, when he was fifteen.\nSteiner worked in England, then Broadway, and in 1929 he moved to Hollywood, where he became one of the first composers to write music scores for films. He is referred to as \"the father of film music\", as Steiner played a major part in creating the tradition of writing music for films, along with composers Dimitri Tiomkin, Franz Waxman, Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Alfred Newman, Bernard Herrmann, and Mikl\u00f3s R\u00f3zsa.\nSteiner composed over 300 film scores with RKO Pictures and Warner Bros., and was nominated for 24 Academy Awards, winning three: The Informer (1935); Now, Voyager (1942); and Since You Went Away (1944). Besides his Oscar-winning scores, some of Steiner's popular works include King Kong (1933), Little Women (1933), Jezebel (1938), and Casablanca (1942), though he did not compose its love theme, As Time Goes By. In addition, Steiner scored The Searchers (1956), A Summer Place (1959), and Gone with the Wind (1939), which ranked second on the AFI's list of best American film scores, and is the film score for which he is best known.\nHe was also the first recipient of the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score, which he won for his score for Life with Father. Steiner was a frequent collaborator with some of the best known film directors in history, including Michael Curtiz, John Ford, and William Wyler, and scored many of the films with Errol Flynn, Bette Davis, Humphrey Bogart, and Fred Astaire. Many of his film scores are available as separate soundtrack recordings.", "Q170478": "Bournemouth (listen) is a coastal resort town on the south coast of England. At the 2011 census, the town had a population of 183,491, making it the largest in the administrative county of Dorset. With Poole to the west and Christchurch in the east, Bournemouth is part of the South East Dorset conurbation, which has a population of 465,000.\nBefore it was founded in 1810 by Lewis Tregonwell, the area was a deserted heathland occasionally visited by fishermen and smugglers. Initially marketed as a health resort, the town received a boost when it appeared in Augustus Granville's 1841 book, The Spas of England. Bournemouth's growth accelerated with the arrival of the railway, and it became a town in 1870. Historically part of Hampshire, it joined Dorset with the reorganisation of local government in 1974. Through local government changes in 1997, the town began to be administered by a unitary authority independent of Dorset County Council, although it remains part of that ceremonial county. Since April 2019 the unitary authority has been merged with that of Poole, as well as the non-metropolitan district of Christchurch to create the Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole unitary authority.\nThe town centre has notable Victorian architecture and the 202-foot (62 m) spire of St Peter's Church, one of three Grade I listed churches in the borough, is a local landmark. Bournemouth's location has made it a popular destination for tourists, attracting over five million visitors annually with its beaches and popular nightlife. The town is also a regional centre of business, home of the Bournemouth International Centre or BIC, and a financial sector that is worth more than \u00a31,000 million in gross value added.", "Q379396": "Steven Shih Chen (traditional Chinese: \u9673\u58eb\u99ff; simplified Chinese: \u9648\u58eb\u9a8f; pinyin: Ch\u00e9n Sh\u00ecj\u00f9n; born August 25, 1978) is an American Internet entrepreneur who is one of the co-founders and previous chief technology officer of the video-sharing website YouTube. After having co-founded the company AVOS Systems, Inc. and built the video-sharing app MixBit, he joined Google Ventures in 2014.", "Q356375": "Loren Hal Bouchard (born October 10, 1969) is an American animator, writer, producer, television director, and composer. He is the creator of several animated TV shows such as Bob's Burgers and Lucy, the Daughter of the Devil. He is also the co-creator of Home Movies with Brendon Small.", "Q9700": "Emperor Gaozu of Tang (7 April 566 \u2013 25 June 635), born Li Yuan, courtesy name Shude, was the founder of the Tang dynasty of China, and the first emperor of this dynasty from 618 to 626. Under the Sui dynasty, Li Yuan was the governor in the area of modern-day Shanxi, and was based in Taiyuan.\nIn 615, Li Yuan was assigned to garrison Longxi. He gained much experience by dealing with the G\u00f6kt\u00fcrks of the north and was able to pacify them. Li Yuan was also able to gather support from these successes and, with the disintegration of the Sui dynasty in July 617, Li Yuan \u2013 urged on by his second son Li Shimin (the eventual Emperor Taizong) \u2013 rose in rebellion. Using the title of \"Great Chancellor\" (\u5927\u4e1e\u76f8), Li Yuan installed a puppet child emperor, Yang You, but eventually removed him altogether and established the Tang Dynasty in 618 as Emperor. His son and successor Li Shimin honoured him as Gaozu (\"high founder\") after his death.\nEmperor Gaozu's reign was concentrated on uniting the empire under the Tang. Aided by Li Shimin (\u674e\u4e16\u6c11), whom he created the Prince of Qin, he defeated all the other contenders, including Li Gui, Dou Jiande, Wang Shichong, Xue Rengao and Liu Wuzhou. By 628, the Tang Dynasty had succeeded in uniting all of China. On the home front, he recognized the early successes forged by Emperor Wen of Sui and strove to emulate most of Emperor Wen's policies, including the equal distribution of land amongst his people, and he also lowered taxes. He abandoned the harsh system of law established by Emperor Yang of Sui as well as reforming the judicial system. These acts of reform paved the way for the reign of Emperor Taizong, which ultimately pushed Tang to the height of its power.\nIn 626, Li Shimin, in a dispute with his brothers Li Jiancheng, the Crown Prince, and Li Yuanji, the Prince of Qi, ambushed Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji at Xuanwu Gate, killing them. Fearful of what Li Shimin might do next, Emperor Gaozu passed the throne to him and became Taishang Huang (retired emperor). He died on 25 June 635.\nDuring Emperor Wen's reign (581\u2013604), Li Yuan served three terms as a provincial governor. Early in the reign of Emperor Wen's son Emperor Yang, Li Yuan served as commandery governor (as Emperor Yang converted provinces into commanderies), but was later recalled to serve as a junior minister within Emperor Yang's administration. When Emperor Yang carried out his second campaign against Goguryeo in 613, Li Yuan was in charge of part of the logistics operation. When the general Yang Xuangan rebelled near the eastern capital Luoyang, Emperor Yang commissioned Li Yuan as a general and made him be in charge of the operations west of the Tong Pass, although Yang Xuangan's rebellion eventually did not involve that region. Li Yuan took the opportunity to recruit talented people to his staff. Later that year, when Emperor Yang summoned him to his presence, he declined, citing ill health\u2014an excuse that Emperor Yang did not believe, as he questioned Li Yuan's niece, a Consort Wang (Emperor Yang's concubine), \"Will he die?\". In fear, Li Yuan took up drinking and receiving bribes to try to show Emperor Yang that he did not have great ambitions. In 615, Emperor Yang placed him in charge of the operations against agrarian rebels in the Hedong (\u6cb3\u6771) region (roughly modern Shanxi), but recalled him in 616. Later that year, Emperor Yang put him in charge of the key city of Taiyuan (\u592a\u539f, in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi).", "Q35874": "Humour (British English), also spelt as humor (American English; see spelling differences), is the tendency of experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement. The term derives from the humoral medicine of the ancient Greeks, which taught that the balance of fluids in the human body, known as humours (Latin: humor, \"body fluid\"), controlled human health and emotion.\nPeople of all ages and cultures respond to humour. Most people are able to experience humour\u2014be amused, smile or laugh at something funny (such as a pun or joke)\u2014and thus are considered to have a sense of humour. The hypothetical person lacking a sense of humour would likely find the behaviour inducing it to be inexplicable, strange, or even irrational. Though ultimately decided by personal taste, the extent to which a person finds something humorous depends on a host of variables, including geographical location, culture, maturity, level of education, intelligence and context. For example, young children may favour slapstick such as Punch and Judy puppet shows or the Tom and Jerry cartoons, whose physical nature makes it accessible to them. By contrast, more sophisticated forms of humour such as satire require an understanding of its social meaning and context, and thus tend to appeal to a more mature audience.", "Q939612": "Zenon Kliszko (\u0141\u00f3d\u017a, December 8, 1908 \u2013 September 4, 1989, Warsaw), was a politician in the Polish People's Republic, considered the right-hand man of Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) leader W\u0142adys\u0142aw Gomu\u0142ka.\nKliszko graduated from Warsaw University and joined the Polish Communist Party in 1931. He was arrested in 1934 for anti-state agitation and released after the courts established that he was mentally challenged. Kliszko took part in the Warsaw Uprising during Nazi German occupation of Poland and escaped capture by swimming across the river. He met Gomu\u0142ka in Lublin, befriended him, and became the KC PZPR functionary after the Soviet takeover in 1945.", "Q67854": "Diessbach bei B\u00fcren is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nDiessbach has a reformed church, and is the center of the parish which includes the municipalities Busswil bei B\u00fcren, B\u00fcetigen and Dotzigen as well.", "Q894": "Samara (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0430, IPA: [s\u0250\u02c8mar\u0259]), known from 1935 to 1991 as Kuybyshev (\u041a\u0443\u0439\u0431\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0432; IPA: [\u02c8kujb\u0268\u0282\u0268f]), is the ninth largest city in Russia and the administrative center of Samara Oblast. Some statistics indicate that it is the eighth or ninth-largest city by population, rather than sixth. It is in the southeastern part of European Russia at the confluence of the Volga and Samara rivers, on the east bank of the Volga which acts as the city's western boundary; across the river are the Zhiguli Mountains, after which the local beer (Zhigulyovskoye) is named. The northern boundary is formed by the Sokolyi Hills and by the steppes in the south and east. The city covers 46,597 hectares (115,140 acres), with a population of 1,164,685\u2009(2010 Census); the metropolitan area of Samara, Tolyatti and Syzran has a population of over 3 million. It is about 300 kilometres (190 mi) from Kazan, 410 kilometres (250 mi) from Ufa, 340 kilometres (210 mi) from Saratov and 235 kilometres (146 mi) from Oral, Kazakhstan.\nFormerly a closed city, Samara is now a large and important social, political, economic, industrial, and cultural centre in European Russia and hosted the European Union\u2014Russia Summit in May 2007. It has a continental climate characterised by hot summers and cold winters. The life of Samara's citizens has always been intrinsically linked to the Volga River, which has not only served as the main commercial thoroughfare of Russia throughout several centuries, but also has great visual appeal. Samara's riverfront is considered one of the favourite recreation places both for local citizens and tourists. After the Soviet novelist Vasily Aksyonov visited Samara, he remarked: \"I am not sure where in the West one can find such a long and beautiful embankment.\"\n\n", "Q102788": "Johann Joseph Hoffmann (February 16, 1805 \u2013 January 23, 1878) was a noted German scholar who studied the Japanese and Chinese languages.", "Q85609": "Dietmar B\u00e4r (born 5 February 1961 in Dortmund) is a German actor. Since 1997 he has starred as Freddy Schenk in the popular television crime series Tatort since 1997 and in \u00c4rzte (a TV Series in 1994). He has been in a few films including M\u00e4nner by Doris D\u00f6rrie. He is a narrator of many audiobooks translated into German.", "Q122458": "Beat Glogger (born 12 March 1960) is a Swiss science journalist, television host, and author.\nHe studied biology and biochemistry in Zurich, graduated as a journalism major, and went on to present MTW, a popular Swiss science TV programme. In 2006 he was nominated for the Descartes Prize in Science Communication awarded by the European Commission; in 2008 he was named the Science Journalist of the Year.\n\n", "Q230782": "Nicole Blonsky (born November 9, 1988) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. She is best known for her role as Tracy Turnblad in the 2007 film Hairspray and as Maggie Baker in the 2008 film Queen Sized. She is also known for her starring role in the ABC Family original series Huge.", "Q465296": "Elizabeth Caroline Orton (born 14 December 1970) is an English singer-songwriter, known for her \"folktronica\" sound, which mixes elements of folk and electronica. She was initially recognised for her collaborations with William Orbit, Andrew Weatherall, Red Snapper and the Chemical Brothers in the mid-1990s. Her UK/US first solo album, Trailer Park, received much critical acclaim in 1996. Orton developed a devoted audience with the release of the BRIT Award-winning album Central Reservation (1999) and the 2002 UK top 10 album, Daybreaker. Her 2006 album, Comfort of Strangers, was followed by a break during which Orton gave birth to her daughter and collaborated with the British guitarist Bert Jansch. Orton returned with Sugaring Season in 2012, which moved towards a purer acoustic sound, followed by a return to electronic music with Kidsticks, released in 2016.\nOrton's music has been featured in Felicity, How to Deal, Charmed, Dawson's Creek, Vanilla Sky and Grey's Anatomy, providing her with exposure to a more mainstream American audiences.", "Q315258": "Giancarlo Giannini (born August 1, 1942) is an Italian actor, voice actor, director and screenwriter. He won a Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor for his performance in Love and Anarchy (1973) and received an Academy Award for Best Actor nomination for his performance in Seven Beauties (1975).", "Q50020": "John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 \u2013 7 May 1873), usually cited as J. S. Mill, was a British philosopher, political economist, and civil servant. One of the most influential thinkers in the history of classical liberalism, he contributed widely to social theory, political theory, and political economy. Dubbed \"the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the nineteenth century\", Mill's conception of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state and social control.Mill was a proponent of utilitarianism, an ethical theory developed by his predecessor Jeremy Bentham. He contributed to the investigation of scientific methodology, though his knowledge of the topic was based on the writings of others, notably William Whewell, John Herschel, and Auguste Comte, and research carried out for Mill by Alexander Bain. Mill engaged in written debate with Whewell.A member of the Liberal Party and author of the early feminist work The Subjection of Women, he was also the second Member of Parliament to call for women's suffrage after Henry Hunt in 1832.", "Q76959": "Ralf Gustav Dahrendorf, Baron Dahrendorf, (1 May 1929 \u2013 17 June 2009) was a German-British sociologist, philosopher, political scientist and liberal politician. A class conflict theorist, Dahrendorf was a leading expert on explaining and analyzing class divisions in modern society. Dahrendorf wrote multiple articles and books, his most notable being Class Conflict in Industrial Society (1959) and Essays in the Theory of Society (1968).\nDuring his political career, he was a Member of the German Parliament, Parliamentary Secretary of State at the Foreign Office of Germany, European Commissioner for Trade, European Commissioner for Research, Science and Education and Member of the British House of Lords, after he was created a life peer in 1993. He was subsequently known in the United Kingdom as Lord Dahrendorf.He served as director of the London School of Economics and Warden of St Antony's College, University of Oxford. He also served as a Professor of Sociology at a number of universities in Germany and the United Kingdom, and was a Research Professor at the Berlin Social Science Research Center.", "Q445146": "Desmond Harrington (born October 19, 1976) is an American actor. He has appeared in The Hole (2001), Ghost Ship (2002), and Wrong Turn (2003), Desmond joined the cast of the Showtime series Dexter in its third season, as Det. Joseph \"Joey\" Quinn, and is also known for portraying Jack Bass, the uncle of Chuck Bass on Gossip Girl.", "Q113685": "Walter Zimper (29 April 1942 in Markt Piesting, Lower Austria; 13 January 2008 in Sankt P\u00f6lten) was an Austrian politician of the \u00d6VP.\nZimper studied at the Trading Academy at the University of Vienna. He was editor-in-chief of the Nieder\u00f6sterreichischen Volksblattes.\nSince 1970, he was part of the Gemeinderat in Markt Piesting and was from 1975 to 2002 mayor of the community. From 1980 to 1982 Zimper was secretary of the Lower Austria \u00d6VP. Due to his alleged involvement in the WBO scandal, he had to resign from the office. \nFrom 1999 to 2007, he was Vice President of the Austrian Association of Municipalities. From 1974 until 1982 Zimper was a member of the Lower Austrian parliament.", "Q1936730": "Derrick Morgan (born 27 March 1940) is a Jamaican musical artist popular in the 1960s and 1970s. He worked with Desmond Dekker, Bob Marley, and Jimmy Cliff in the rhythm and blues and ska genres, and he also performed rocksteady and skinhead reggae.", "Q4883999": "Bellifortis (\"Strong in War\", \"War Fortifications\") is the first fully illustrated manual of military technology written by Konrad Kyeser and dating from the start of the 15th century. It summarises material from classical writers on military technology, like Vegetius' De Re Militari and Frontinus' anecdotal Strategemata, emphasising poliorcetics, or the art of siege warfare, but treating magic as a supplement to the military arts; it is \"saturated with astrology\", remarked Lynn White, Jr. in a review of the first facsimile edition.", "Q540994": "Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb (Hanoi: [t\u02b0i\u0259w\u02e7\u02e8\u0294 t\u0361\u0255i\u02e7\u02e8\u0294], H\u00e1n t\u1ef1: \u7d39\u6cbb, lit. \"inheritance of prosperity\"; 6 June 1807 \u2013 4 November 1847), personal name Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Mi\u00ean T\u00f4ng or Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac Tuy\u1ec1n, was the third emperor of the Nguy\u1ec5n Dynasty. He was the eldest son of Emperor Minh M\u1ea1ng, and reigned from 14 February 1841 until his death on 4 November 1847.", "Q59776": "The Church of Cyprus (Greek: \u1f18\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u039a\u03cd\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5) is one of the autocephalous Greek Orthodox Churches that together with other Eastern Orthodox Churches form the communion of the Eastern Orthodox Church. It is one of the oldest Eastern Orthodox autocephalous churches, achieving independence from the Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East in 431. The bishop of the ancient capital, Salamis (renamed Constantia by Emperor Constantius II) was constituted metropolitan by Emperor Zeno, with the title archbishop.", "Q41139": "Melun (French pronunciation: [m\u0259l\u0153\u0303] (listen)) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the \u00cele-de-France region in north-central France. It is a southeastern suburb of Paris 41.4 km (25.7 miles) from the centre of Paris. Melun is the prefecture of the Seine-et-Marne, and the seat of an arrondissement. Its inhabitants are called Melunais.\n\n", "Q662541": "Obergesteln is a village in the municipality of Obergoms in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.\nObergesteln was an independent municipality until January 1, 2009, when it merged with Oberwald and Ulrichen to form the municipality Obergoms.", "Q221843": "Edward Davis Wood Jr. (October 10, 1924 \u2013 December 10, 1978) was an American filmmaker, actor, and author.\nIn the 1950s, Wood directed several low-budget science fiction, crime and horror films, notably Glen or Glenda (1953), Jail Bait (1954), Bride of the Monster (1955), Plan 9 from Outer Space (1959), Night of the Ghouls (1959) and The Sinister Urge (1960). In the 1960s and 1970s, he moved towards sexploitation and pornographic films, and wrote over 80 pulp crime, horror and sex novels. Notable for their campy aesthetics, technical errors, unsophisticated special effects, ill-fitting stock footage, eccentric casts, idiosyncratic stories, and non sequitur dialogue, Wood's films remained largely obscure until he was posthumously awarded a Golden Turkey Award for Worst Director of All Time in 1980, renewing public interest in his life and work.Following the publication of Rudolph Grey's 1992 oral biography Nightmare of Ecstasy: The Life and Art of Edward D. Wood Jr., a biopic of his life, Ed Wood (1994), was directed by Tim Burton. Starring Johnny Depp as Wood, the film received two Academy Awards.", "Q78960": "Heinz Zednik (born February 21, 1940) is an Austrian operatic tenor, closely associated with the character tenor roles of Wagner such as Mime and Loge (Der Ring des Nibelungen) and David (Die Meistersinger von N\u00fcrnberg). He is also distinguished in roles such as Valzacchi (Der Rosenkavalier), Monostatos (The Magic Flute), Pedrillo (Die Entf\u00fchrung aus dem Serail), the Scribe (Khovanshchina), the Captain in Wozzeck, and the Director (Luciano Berio's Un re in ascolto). \nZednik studied singing in Vienna before making his professional opera d\u00e9but in 1964 at Graz as Maestro Trabuco in La forza del destino. Shortly thereafter he was engaged by the Vienna State Opera where he remains a member to this day. He appeared at the Bayreuth Festival annually from 1970 through 1980, and was seen as the successor to Gerhard Stolze. During his time at the festival, he sang Loge and Mime in the Jahrhundertring (Centenary Ring) in 1976, celebrating the centenary of both the festival and the first performance of the complete cycle, conducted by Pierre Boulez and staged by Patrice Ch\u00e9reau, recorded and filmed in 1979 and 1980.\nZednik made his debut at the Metropolitan Opera in 1981 as Mime in Das Rheingold. He returned to that house numerous times through 1998 in such roles as Don Basilio in The Marriage of Figaro, the Dancing Master in Ariadne auf Naxos, Monostatos, Pedrillo, and Prince Shuisky in Boris Godunov.He played Mime in the 1990 PBS broadcast from the Metropolitan Opera, for the largest viewing-audience (world-wide) of the Ring in history.\nHe won two Grammy Awards, in 1982 and 1989, both for recording Wagner roles.", "Q3351066": "Olivier Giscard d'Estaing (born Paris, 30 December 1927) is chairman of the Committee for a World Parliament. The brother of former president Val\u00e9ry Giscard d'Estaing, he is the Founding Dean and Director General of the INSEAD business school and Governor of the Atlantic Institute.\nHe has served as a member of the French Parliament (from 1968 to 1973), vice-chairman of the European Movement (from 1978 to 1992), and a member of the Conseil \u00c9conomique et Social de France (from 1994 to 1999). He is also chair of the Business Association for the World Social Summit.\nCo-founder of the Caux Round Table, Dr. Giscard d'Estaing is the author of six books and widely published in journals such as the Revue Politique Parlementaire and the Revue des Deux Mondes. He frequently lectures on business policy in Europe, the United States, Japan and the Middle East, and has taught business policy at various schools.\nFor many years a member of the board of several international corporations[1] and an advisor of CEOs of French industrial corporations, Dr. Giscard d'Estaing has also served as mayor of Estaing (Aveyron).\nHe is a councillor of the World Future Council.", "Q3763545": "Gianni Lancia (16 November 1924 \u2013 30 June 2014) was an Italian automobile engineer, industrialist and racing enthusiast, known for running the Lancia carmaker in Turin (1949\u201355). Born in Fobello (near Biella), he was the older son of Vincenzo Lancia and Adele Miglietti, and brother of Anna Maria and Eleonora.\nAfter his father's death (1937), the young Gianni Lancia took over the family business. Lancia's racing enthusiasm brought him to hire famed engineer and designer Vittorio Jano in 1945. In 1954 Lancia decided to try his luck in the newly-born Formula One world championship and scored a coup when he managed to lure away Alberto Ascari from Scuderia Ferrari. Despite Ascari winning the 1954 Mille Miglia, poor racing results, coupled with Lancia's ambitious plan to put in production several expensive racing prototypes led the company to near-bankruptcy. Following the death of Ascari during a test in May 1955, Lancia and his mother sold their shares in the Lancia company to Carlo Pesenti of Italcementi in June 1956. Gianni Lancia then moved to Brazil, where he ran a canned goods business before returning to Italy in the 1980s. He lately moved to France, settling in the C\u00f4te d'Azur region.Lancia had two sons, Mariele and Vincenzo, from his first marriage, and a son called Lorenzo from his second marriage with the French film-actress Jacqueline Sassard.\nHe died on 30 June 2014 in Turin.\n\n", "Q2171033": "For the A-listed building on Calton Hill, see Old Royal High School, Edinburgh.\n\nThe Royal High School (RHS) of Edinburgh is a co-educational school administered by the City of Edinburgh Council. The school was founded in 1128 and is one of the oldest schools in Scotland. It serves 1,200 pupils drawn from four feeder primaries in the north-west of the city: Blackhall primary school, Clermiston primary school, Cramond and Davidson's Mains.\nThe school's profile has given it a flagship role in education, piloting such experiments as the introduction of the Certificate of Secondary Education, the provision of setting in English and mathematics, and the curricular integration of European Studies and the International Baccalaureate. The Royal High School was last inspected by HMIE in April 2007.The rector is Pauline Walker who replaced Jane Frith, the first woman to head the school.\n\n", "Q84503": "Raoul Hausmann (July 12, 1886 \u2013 February 1, 1971) was an Austrian artist and writer. One of the key figures in Berlin Dada, his experimental photographic collages, sound poetry and institutional critiques would have a profound influence on the European Avant-Garde in the aftermath of World War I.", "Q206224": "Mind Ripper (also known as The Hills Have Eyes III, The Hills Still Have Eyes, or The Outpost) is a 1995 American horror film released on HBO. It stars Lance Henriksen and Giovanni Ribisi.\nAlthough it is marketed in some areas as a sequel to the original The Hills Have Eyes and The Hills Have Eyes Part II, no actors, characters, or scenarios link it to those films. Its only connection is producer Wes Craven, who wrote and directed the other two films. His son, Jonathan Craven, is credited as a writer.", "Q19352": "The Monster (Italian: Il mostro) is a 1994 Italian-French comedy film, starring Roberto Benigni as a man who is mistaken by police profilers for a serial killer due to a misunderstanding of the man's strange behavior. This film was, at the time it came out, the highest-grossing film in Italy, bested later by another Benigni film, Life is Beautiful.", "Q2899483": "Bertrand P. Collomb (14 August 1942 \u2013 24 May 2019) was a French business executive.", "Q4230": "The Union of South American Nations (USAN; Spanish: Uni\u00f3n de Naciones Suramericanas, UNASUR; Portuguese: Uni\u00e3o de Na\u00e7\u00f5es Sul-Americanas, UNASUL; Dutch: Unie van Zuid-Amerikaanse Naties, UZAN; and sometimes referred to as the South American Union) is an intergovernmental regional organization that once comprised twelve South American countries; as of 2019, most have withdrawn.\nThe UNASUR Constitutive Treaty was signed on 23 May 2008, at the Third Summit of Heads of State, held in Bras\u00edlia, Brazil. According to the Constitutive Treaty, the Union's headquarters will be located in Quito, Ecuador. On 1 December 2010, Uruguay became the ninth state to ratify the UNASUR treaty, thus giving the union full legality. As the Constitutive Treaty entered into force on 11 March 2011, UNASUR became a legal entity during a meeting of Foreign Ministers in Mitad del Mundo, Ecuador, where they had laid the foundation stone for the Secretariat Headquarters.In April 2018, six countries\u2014Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru\u2014suspended their membership, and in August of the same year, Colombia announced its withdrawal from the organization. In March 2019, Brazil's president Jair Bolsonaro announced his country's intention to withdraw from the organization. On March 13, 2019, Ecuador announced that it will withdraw from the organization. The president of the country, Lenin Moreno, also asked the bloc to return the headquarters building of the organization, based in Quito.In January 2019, amid growing concern about Venezuela's Nicolas Maduro, a new group, PROSUR, has been advanced to \"counteract the influence of what countries in the region call a dictatorship in Venezuela\". A Chilean summit to organize Prosur was held on 22 March 2019, and excluded Venezuela. Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Uruguay, Paraguay, Peru, Guyana and Suriname were invited to join the new regional bloc. On 10 March 2020, Uruguay officially announced its withdrawal from the organization.", "Q312523": "Jean-Louis Vicomte de Bretizel Rambures (French: [\u0281\u0251\u0303by\u0281]; 19 May 1930 \u2013 20 May 2006) was a French journalist, author, translator of literature, literary critic, and cultural attach\u00e9. He introduced contemporary German literature to a broader French audience by interviewing German authors, translating and discussing them in Le Monde. He also contributed to the rapprochement of the French and the Germans as head of the Institut Fran\u00e7ais, e.g. in Frankfurt.", "Q175514": "King's X is an American rock band that combines progressive metal, funk and soul with vocal arrangements influenced by gospel, blues, and British Invasion rock groups. Despite a largely underground reputation as the \"musician's musicians\", King's X was pivotal in the early development of progressive metal, and produced a series of early records considered essential within the genre. The band's lyrics are largely based on the members' struggles with religion and self-acceptance. King's X was ranked No. 83 on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock.Since being signed to Megaforce Records in 1987, King's X has released twelve studio albums, two official live albums, and several independent releases. The band's most recent studio album, XV, was released in 2008 on the InsideOut Music label.\nSince leaving Atlantic Records, following the release of Ear Candy in 1996, King's X has released albums through Metal Blade Records, InsideOut Music and independently. Each member of the group has recorded several solo albums and have made numerous guest appearances on other artists' albums, as well as participated in numerous compilation projects. Doug Pinnick and Ty Tabor also have many albums released with side bands in which they participate.Throughout their major label career the band secured opening slots on arena tours, including opening for bands like Iron Maiden, AC/DC, Scorpions, Pearl Jam, Cheap Trick, and M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce as well as the Woodstock '94 festival. They continue to tour and perform live.\nThe spiritual nature of the band's lyrics, particularly on their first four albums, has often led to them being labeled a Christian rock band, a label the members have rejected.", "Q2899": "M\u00fclheim an der Ruhr (German pronunciation: [\u02c8my\u02d0lha\u026am \u0294an de\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u02c8\u0281u\u02d0\u0250\u032f] (listen)), also described as \"City on the River\", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. It is located in the Ruhr Area between Duisburg, Essen, Oberhausen and Ratingen. It is home to many companies, especially in the food industry, such as the Aldi S\u00fcd Company, the Harke Group and the Tengelmann Group.\nM\u00fclheim received its town charter in 1808, and 100 years later the population exceeded 100,000, making M\u00fclheim officially a city. At the time of the city's 200th anniversary with approximately 170,000 residents, it was counted among the smaller cities of Germany.\nIn 1966 M\u00fclheim was the first city in the Ruhr Area to become completely free of coal mines, when its last coal mine \"Rosenblumendelle\" was closed. The former leather and coal city had successfully made a complete transformation to a diversified economic centre. With more than 50% covered by greenery and forest, the city is regarded as an attractive place to live between D\u00fcsseldorf and the rest of the Ruhr. It is the home of two Max Planck Institutes and, since 2009, the technical college Ruhr West. It has a station on the important railway between Dortmund and Duisburg and is served by Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn lines S1 and S3.", "Q1355479": "James Beaumont Neilson (22 June 1792 \u2013 18 January 1865) was a Scottish inventor whose hot-blast process greatly increased the efficiency of smelting iron.\n\n", "Q969031": "Frederick John Westcott (26 March 1866 \u2013 18 September 1941), best known by his stage name Fred Karno, was an English theatre impresario of the British music hall. As a comedian of slapstick he is credited with popularizing the custard-pie-in-the-face gag. During the 1890s, in order to circumvent stage censorship, Karno developed a form of sketch comedy without dialogue.\nCheeky authority-defying playlets such as Jail Mum (1896) in which prisoners play tricks on warders and Early Birds (1903), where a small man defeats a large ruffian in London's East End, can be seen as precursors of movie silent comedy. Film producer Hal Roach stated: \"Fred Karno is not only a genius, he is the man who originated slapstick comedy. We in Hollywood owe much to him.\"Among the music hall comedians who worked for him were Charlie Chaplin and his understudy, Arthur Jefferson, who later adopted the name of Stan Laurel. These were part of what was known as \"Fred Karno's Army\", a phrase still occasionally used in the UK to refer to a chaotic group or organisation. The phrase was also adapted by British soldiers into a trench song in the First World War, as a parody of, or rather to the tune of, the hymn \"The Church's One Foundation\". In the Second World War it was adapted as the Anthem of the Guinea Pig Club, the first line becoming \"We are McIndoe's Army ...\".\n\n", "Q80765": "Daniel Franklin Davis (September 12, 1843 \u2013 January 9, 1897) was an American politician and the 37th Governor of Maine.", "Q202042": "Euskaltzaindia (literally, \"group of keepers of the Basque language\"; often translated Royal Academy of the Basque Language) is the official academic language regulatory institution which watches over the Basque language. It carries out research on the language, seeks to protect it, and establishes standards of use. It is known in Spanish as La Real Academia de la Lengua Vasca (being under the royal patronage of the Spanish monarchy, like the Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola) and in French as Acad\u00e9mie de la Langue Basque.\nThe academy was given status of a royal academy in 1976.", "Q74182": "Ursula Karven, previously Ursula Karven-Veres (born Ursula Ganzenm\u00fcller 17 September 1964 in Ulm) is a German actress, writer, model and yoga instructor.\nKarven has acted in numerous German television films and series.\nOn June 16, 2001, Karven made international headlines when her four-year-old son, Daniel, drowned at a birthday party in the swimming pool of American musician Tommy Lee in Santa Monica.She was married to James Veres and has two other children.Karven began practicing yoga when she was 30, and has published several books and DVDs promoting and demonstrating yoga-based exercises.", "Q62938": "Joseph Franz Maria Anton Hubert Ignatz F\u00fcrst und Altgraf zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (4 September 1773 at Castle Dyck near Neuss \u2013 21 March 1861 in Nice) was a German amateur botanist and owner of Castle Dyck. Dyck was a member of an important aristocratic family that had ruled a small territory until the mediatisation of small German states in the early 19th century. His wife, Constance de Salm, was a poet and miscellaneous writer.", "Q88339": "Andreas Latzko (Hungarian: Latzk\u00f3 Andor; 1 September 1876, Budapest, Hungary \u2013 11 September 1943, Amsterdam, Netherlands) was an Austro-Hungarian pacifist of Jewish origin, a novelist and biographer.", "Q4864870": "Barry Hugh Wakelin (born 7 May 1946) is an Australian politician, who was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives from March 1993 until November 2007, representing the Division of Grey, South Australia. He was born in Kimba, South Australia, and was a farmer and small businessman before entering politics. In 1993, he stood as the Liberal candidate in Grey, historically one of the few country seats where Labor consistently did well. He became only the fifth non-Labor member ever to win it, and the second in 50 years.\nWhile Wakelin's win was and still is considered an upset, the election came at a very bad time for Labor in South Australia. The incumbent state Labor government was still reeling from the collapse of the State Bank of South Australia, and would be heavily defeated at the state election held later in 1993. At that latter election, Labor lost all but one seat within Grey's borders, in some cases on large and permanent swings.\nIn 1996, Wakelin became the first non-Labor member in 53 years to be re-elected to Grey. He picked up a large swing of over six percent, turning Grey into a safe Liberal seat in one stroke. He held it without difficulty until his retirement in 2007.\nHe is also father of Ten News reporter James Wakelin and father-in-law of Ten News presenter Rebecca Morse.", "Q137727": "Sakichi Toyoda (\u8c4a\u7530 \u4f50\u5409, Toyoda Sakichi, February 14, 1867 \u2013 October 30, 1930) was a Japanese inventor and industrialist. He was born in Kosai, Shizuoka. The son of a farmer and sought-after carpenter, he started the Toyoda family companies. His son, Kiichiro Toyoda, would later establish the world's largest automaker, Toyota. Toyoda is referred to as the \"King of Japanese Inventors\".\n\n", "Q350710": "Adam Rifkin (born December 31, 1966), sometimes credited as Rif Coogan, is an American film director, producer, actor, and screenwriter.His career ranges from broad family comedies to dark and gritty urban dramas. Rifkin is best known for writing family-friendly comedies like Mouse Hunt and 2007's Underdog.Most recently, Rifkin directed The Last Movie Star.", "Q109811": "Norbert Barthle (born 1 February 1952) is a German politician and member of the CDU. Barthle has been a member of the Bundestag since 1998, representing Backnang \u2013 Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd.\n\n", "Q15568": "The University of Hong Kong (HKU) is a public research university in Hong Kong. Founded in 1911, its origins trace back to the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, which was founded in 1887. It is the oldest tertiary institution in Hong Kong. Also, HKU is the first university established by the British Empire in East Asia. HKU is one of the best universities in Hong Kong and Asia. \nAs of 2019, HKU ranks second in Asia by QS and fourth by THE, and around top 30 internationally. It has been commonly regarded as one of the most internationalized universities in the world as well as one of the most prestigious universities in Asia. Today, HKU has ten academic faculties with English as the main language of instruction. HKU also ranks highly in the sciences, dentistry, biomedicine, education, humanities, law, economics, business administration, linguistics, political science, and the social sciences.\nThe University of Hong Kong was also the first team in the world to successfully isolate the coronavirus, the causative agent of SARS.", "Q141869": "Genrikh Grigoryevich Yagoda (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0440\u0438\u0445 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0430, 7 November 1891 \u2013 15 March 1938), born Yenokh Gershevich Iyeguda was a Soviet secret police official who served as director of the NKVD, the Soviet Union's security and intelligence agency, from 1934 to 1936. Appointed by Joseph Stalin, Yagoda supervised the arrest, show trials, and executions of the Old Bolsheviks Lev Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev, climactic events of the Great Purge. Yagoda also supervised the construction of the White Sea\u2013Baltic Canal with Naftaly Frenkel, using penal labor from the GULAG system, during which 12,000\u201325,000 laborers died. He was involved in the Soviet Collectivisation programs and has been held partly accountable for the great famine in Ukraine.\nLike many Soviet NKVD officers who conducted political repression, Yagoda himself ultimately became a victim of the Purge. He was demoted from the directorship of the NKVD in favor of Nikolai Yezhov in 1936 and arrested in 1937. Charged with the crimes of wrecking, espionage, Trotskyism and conspiracy, Yagoda was a defendant at the Trial of the Twenty-One, the last of the major Soviet show trials of the 1930s. Following his confession at the trial, Yagoda was found guilty and shot.", "Q121145": "Yvonne Gilli (born 7 March 1957) is a physician and a Swiss political personality. She is a member of the Green Party of Switzerland.\n\n", "Q1348": "Kolkata ( or , Bengali: [\u02c8kol\u02cckata] (listen), also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. According to the 2011 Indian census, it is the seventh most populous city in India; the city had a population of 4.5 million, while the suburb population brought the total to 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. Kolkata Megalopolis is the area surrounding Kolkata Metropolitan city with additional population. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of the border with Bangladesh, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port. The city nicknamed the \"City of Joy\" is widely regarded as the \"cultural capital\" of India and as of 2019, six Nobel Laureates have been associated with the city. Recent estimates of Kolkata Metropolitan Area's economy have ranged from $60 to $150 billion (GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity) making it the third most-productive metropolitan area in India, after Mumbai and Delhi.In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Calcutta were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading licence in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified trading post. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Calcutta in 1756, and the East India Company retook it the following year. In 1793 the East India company was strong enough to abolish Nizamat (local rule), and assumed full sovereignty of the region. Under the company rule, and later under the British Raj, Calcutta served as the capital of British-held territories in India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. Calcutta was the centre for the Indian independence movement; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata, which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics, suffered several decades of economic stagnation.\nAs a nucleus of the 19th- and early 20th-century Bengal Renaissance and a religiously and ethnically diverse centre of culture in Bengal and India, Kolkata has local traditions in drama, art, film, theatre, and literature. Many people from Kolkata\u2014among them, several Nobel laureates\u2014have contributed to the arts, the sciences, and other areas. Kolkata culture features idiosyncrasies that include distinctively close-knit neighbourhoods (paras) and freestyle intellectual exchanges (adda). West Bengal's share of the Bengali film industry is based in the city, which also hosts venerable cultural institutions of national importance, such as the Academy of Fine Arts, the Victoria Memorial, the Asiatic Society, the Indian Museum and the National Library of India. Among professional scientific institutions, Kolkata hosts the Agri Horticultural Society of India, the Geological Survey of India, the Botanical Survey of India, the Calcutta Mathematical Society, the Indian Science Congress Association, the Zoological Survey of India, the Institution of Engineers, the Anthropological Survey of India and the Indian Public Health Association. Though home to major cricketing venues and franchises, Kolkata differs from other Indian cities by focusing on association football and other sports.\n\n", "Q918810": "Frederick Gary Allen (August 2, 1936 \u2013 November 29, 1986) was an American conservative writer and conspiracy theorist. Allen promoted the notion that international banking and politics control domestic decisions, taking them out of elected officials' hands.", "Q86314": "Josef Jarno (born 24 August 1866 in Budapest, died 11 January 1932 in Vienna) was an Austrian actor and theatre director. He was the older brother of opera composer Georg Jarno.", "Q356361": "Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner, (23 March 1854 \u2013 13 May 1925) was a British statesman and colonial administrator who played an influential leadership role in the formulation of foreign and domestic policy between the mid-1890s and early 1920s. From December 1916 to November 1918, he was one of the most important members of David Lloyd George's War Cabinet.", "Q599993": "Baron Charles Cagniard de la Tour (31 March 1777 \u2013 5 July 1859) was a French engineer and physicist. Charles Cagniard was born in Paris, and after attending the \u00c9cole Polytechnique became one of the ing\u00e9nieurs g\u00e9ographiques. He examined the mechanism of voice-production, invented a blowing machine and contributed to acoustics by inventing an improved siren. He also studied yeast.\nIn 1822, he discovered the critical point of a substance in his cannon barrel experiments. Listening to discontinuities in the sound of a rolling flint ball in a sealed cannon filled with fluids at various temperatures, he observed the critical temperature. Above this temperature, the densities of the liquid and gas phases become equal and the distinction between them disappears, resulting in a single supercritical fluid phase.\nHe was made a baron in 1818. He died in Paris.", "Q420906": "John S. Kanzius (March 1, 1944 \u2013 February 18, 2009) was an American inventor, radio and TV engineer, one-time station owner and ham radio operator (Call Sign K3TUP) from Erie, Pennsylvania. He invented a method that, he said, could treat virtually all forms of cancer, with no side effects, and without the need for surgery or medication. He also demonstrated a device that generated flammable hydrogen-containing gas from salt-water-solution by the use of radiowaves. In the media this was dubbed \"burning salt water\". Both effects involve the use of his radio frequency transmitter.\nKanzius, self-taught, stated that he was motivated to research the subject of cancer treatment by his own experiences undergoing chemotherapy for treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He died of B-cell leukemia with complications from pneumonia without seeing FDA approval and commercialization of his invention.\n\n", "Q1354001": "Steven Howse (born September 23, 1974) is a rapper known primarily for being a member of the group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. He has also gone by the names L-Burna and The #1 Assassin. He is the younger brother of fellow group member Flesh-N-Bone and cousin of group member Wish Bone. Layzie is also a member of the rap group Bone Brothers and CEO of the record label Harmony Howse Entertainment.", "Q158486": "Eugene Andrew Cernan (; March 14, 1934 \u2013 January 16, 2017) was an American astronaut, naval aviator, electrical engineer, aeronautical engineer, and fighter pilot. During the Apollo 17 mission, Cernan became the eleventh person to walk on the Moon. Since he re-entered the Apollo Lunar Module after Harrison Schmitt on their third and final lunar excursion, he was the last person to walk on the Moon.\nCernan traveled into space three times and to the Moon twice; as pilot of Gemini 9A in June 1966, as lunar module pilot of Apollo 10 in May 1969, and as commander of Apollo 17 in December 1972, the final Apollo lunar landing. Cernan was also a backup crew member of the Gemini 12, Apollo 7 and Apollo 14 space missions.", "Q9072": "The Estonian language (eesti keel [\u02c8e\u02d0sti \u02c8ke\u02d0l] (listen)) is a Uralic language of the Finnic branch spoken in Estonia. It is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people; 922,000 people in Estonia and 160,000 outside Estonia. It is a Southern Finnic language and is the second-most-spoken language among all the Finnic languages.", "Q177465": "Raivis Dzintars (born 25 November 1982 in Riga) is a Latvian right-wing politician. He is the co-chairman of the National Alliance with Gaidis B\u0113rzi\u0146\u0161.He was elected to the Saeima at the 2010 parliamentary election. He was the Alliance's candidate for Prime Minister at the 2011 election, at which the party increased its number of seats from 8 to 14.", "Q62086": "Johann Friedrich Theodor M\u00fcller (31 March 1821 \u2013 21 May 1897), better known as Fritz M\u00fcller, and also as M\u00fcller-Desterro, was a German biologist who emigrated to southern Brazil, where he lived in and near the German community of Blumenau, Santa Catarina. There he studied the natural history of the Atlantic forest south of S\u00e3o Paulo, and was an early advocate of Darwinism. He lived in Brazil for the rest of his life. M\u00fcllerian mimicry is named after him.", "Q160119": "Darkthrone is a black metal band from Kolbotn, Norway, formed in 1986 as a death metal band under the name Black Death. In 1991, the band embraced a black metal style influenced by Bathory and Celtic Frost and became one of the leading bands in the Norwegian black metal scene. \nTheir first three black metal albums\u2014A Blaze in the Northern Sky (1992), Under a Funeral Moon (1993) and Transilvanian Hunger (1994)\u2014are sometimes dubbed the \"Unholy Trinity\". They are considered the peak of the band's black metal career and to be among the most influential albums in the genre. \nDarkthrone has been a duo of Fenriz and Nocturno Culto since guitarist Zephyrous left the band in 1993. Since 2006, their work has strayed from the traditional black metal style and incorporated more elements of traditional heavy metal, punk, and speed metal, being likened to Mot\u00f6rhead. The band have sought to remain outside the music mainstream.", "Q321857": "Royden Dickey Lipscomb (born September 21, 1936), known professionally as Dickey Lee (sometimes misspelled Dickie Lee or Dicky Lee), is an American pop/country singer and songwriter, best known for the 1960s teenage tragedy songs \"Patches\" and \"Laurie (Strange Things Happen).\"", "Q588120": "Robert Koffler Jarvik, M.D. (born May 11, 1946) is an American scientist, researcher and entrepreneur known for his role in developing the Jarvik-7 artificial heart.", "Q45439": "Seth Bullock (July 23, 1849 \u2013 September 23, 1919) was a Canadian-American frontiersman, business proprietor, politician, sheriff, and U.S. Marshal. He was a prominent citizen in Deadwood, South Dakota, where he lived from 1876 until his death, operating a hardware store and later a large hotel, the Bullock Hotel.", "Q242300": "Kiriko Takemura (\u7af9\u6751 \u6850\u5b50, Takemura Kiriko, born January 29, 1993), known professionally as Kyary Pamyu Pamyu (Hiragana: \u304d\u3083\u308a\u30fc\u3071\u307f\u3085\u3071\u307f\u3085), is a Japanese singer, model, and blogger. Her public image is associated with Japan's kawaii and decora culture, centered in the Harajuku neighborhood of Tokyo, Pamyu Pamyu's music is produced by musician Yasutaka Nakata of electronic music duo Capsule.\nHer 2011 single \"Pon Pon Pon\" reached the top ten on Japan's Oricon music chart; the 2012 singles \"Candy Candy\" and \"Fashion Monster\" followed this success. Pamyu Pamyu has since released four full-length albums: Pamyu Pamyu Revolution (2012), Nanda Collection (2013), Pika Pika Fantajin (2014), and Japamyu (2018).\nThough most of her success as a recording artist has been in Asia, she has also gained popularity in Western countries due in part to Internet videos which have gone viral. Media outlets have referred to Pamyu Pamyu as \"Harajuku Pop Princess\", and she has been photographed for magazines such as Dazed & Confused. In 2013, she signed a distribution deal with Sire Records to release her material in the United States.As of February 2020, Kyary Pamyu Pamyu has sold over 970,000 physical albums and singles in Japan according to Oricon as well as over 2.25 million track downloads of all her singles.", "Q44727": "Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. It usually starts on the chest, back, and face. It then spreads to the rest of the body. Other symptoms may include fever, tiredness, and headaches. Symptoms usually last five to seven days. Complications may occasionally include pneumonia, inflammation of the brain, and bacterial skin infections. The disease is often more severe in adults than in children. Symptoms begin 10 to 21 days after exposure to the virus.Chickenpox is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. It may be spread from one to two days before the rash appears until all lesions have crusted over. It may also spread through contact with the blisters. Those with shingles may spread chickenpox to those who are not immune through contact with the blisters. The disease can usually be diagnosed based on the presenting symptom; however, in unusual cases it may be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the blister fluid or scabs. Testing for antibodies may be done to determine if a person is immune. People usually only get chickenpox once. Although reinfections by the virus occur, these reinfections usually do not cause any symptoms.Since its introduction in 1995, the varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complications from the disease. It protects about 70 to 90 percent of people from disease with a greater benefit for severe disease. Routine immunization of children is recommended in many countries. Immunization within three days of exposure may improve outcomes in children. Treatment of those infected may include calamine lotion to help with itching, keeping the fingernails short to decrease injury from scratching, and the use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to help with fevers. For those at increased risk of complications, antiviral medication such as aciclovir are recommended.Chickenpox occurs in all parts of the world. In 2013 there were 140 million cases of chickenpox and herpes zoster worldwide. Before routine immunization the number of cases occurring each year was similar to the number of people born. Since immunization the number of infections in the United States has decreased nearly 90%. In 2015 chickenpox resulted in 6,400 deaths globally \u2013 down from 8,900 in 1990. Death occurs in about 1 per 60,000 cases. Chickenpox was not separated from smallpox until the late 19th century. In 1888 its connection to shingles was determined. The first documented use of the term chicken pox was in 1658. Various explanations have been suggested for the use of \"chicken\" in the name, one being the relative mildness of the disease.\n\n", "Q117391": "Maria Roth-Bernasconi (born 14 September 1955) is a Swiss politician who had served in the legislature and been former co-president of the women's chapter of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland. As an MP she criticized Micheline Calmy-Rey's wearing a white headscarf to meet the Iranian President.", "Q166568": "Joanne Valda O'Meara (born 29 April 1979) is an English singer and songwriter. She was member of pop group S Club 7 between 1999 and 2003. O'Meara has been a member of spin-off group S Club 3 since 2008.\n\n", "Q1808806": "Hans Hein Theodor Nysom (5 September 1845 \u2013 28 August 1903) was a Norwegian politician with the Liberal Party, a cabinet minister and member of Norwegian Parliament.Nysom was born at Botne in Vestfold, Norway. He was a grandchild of priest and politician Hans Hein Nysom.\nHe originally made a career in the military, but from 1874 he worked with canals and timber raftings. From 1884 to 1892 he was the chairman of the Norwegian Polytechnic Society.In 1891, he was appointed to the cabinet of Prime Minister Johannes Steens. He served as Minister of Auditing and Minister of Labour on 6 March 1891. On 27 November the same year he left the position as Minister of Auditing. He left the Ministry of Labour on 1 May 1893. \nHe was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1895, representing the constituency of Kristiania, H\u00f8nefoss og Kongsvinger. He was re-elected in 1898.On 17 February 1898 he became a member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm (Statsr\u00e5dsavdelingen i Stockholm). He left on 28 February 1899 to become Minister of Labour. On 1 June 1900 he was again transferred to Stockholm, serving until November 1900. He then became Director-General of the Norwegian State Railways.", "Q1487770": "Shawn Mullins (born March 8, 1968) is an American singer-songwriter who specializes in folk rock, instrumental rock, adult alternative, and Americana music. He is best known for the 1998 single \"Lullaby\", which hit number one on the Adult Top 40 and was nominated for a Grammy Award.", "Q316023": "Big Momma's House is a 2000 American comedy film directed by Raja Gosnell, written by Darryl Quarles and Don Rhymer. The film stars Martin Lawrence as an FBI agent Malcolm Turner who is tasked with covert operation of disguising as an overweight elderly woman in order to obtain information relating to a previous crime. \nThe film is also notable for being one of only four titles to be released on the EVD video format. \nThe film is the first installment in the Big Momma trilogy, and was followed by Big Momma's House 2 and Big Mommas: Like Father, Like Son. The film received negative reviews from critics, but was a box office hit.", "Q948941": "Vasily Pavlovich Mishin (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d) (January 18, 1917 \u2013 October 10, 2001) was a Soviet engineer and a prominent rocketry pioneer, best remembered for the failures in the Soviet Space program that took place under his leadership.\nMishin was born in Buvalyne, Pavlovo-Posadsky District of the Moscow region, Russia, and studied mathematics at the Moscow Aviation Institute.Mishin was a Soviet rocket scientist and one of the first Soviet specialists to see Nazi Germany's V-2 facilities at the end of World War II, along with others such as Sergey Korolev, who preceded him as the OKB-1 design bureau head, and Valentin Glushko, who succeeded him.Mishin worked with Korolev as his deputy in the Experimental Design Bureau working on projects such as the development of the first Soviet ICBM as well in the Sputnik and Vostok programs. He became head of Korolev's OKB-1 design bureau and was the Chief Designer after Korolev's death in 1966, during surgery to remove a tumor from Korolev's colon. He inherited the N1 rocket program, intended to land a man on the Moon, but which turned out to be fatally flawed (largely due to lack of adequate funding).\nN1 development began on September 14, 1956, a decade before Mishin took control. It was selected for a lunar landing mission, which required a design capable of putting ninety-five tons of cargo into orbit, up from fifty and later seventy-five ton requirements earlier in development. Under Korolev, a precedent of forgoing much of the usual ground testing had been begun. According to Korolev, this was because proper facilities would not be funded, and it would also allow for earlier test flights. Some of the failures Mishin faced during his leadership could have been avoided if further testing had been conducted at this stage. To handle engine failures, the KORD system was created under Mishin. To prevent the rocket from having uneven flight that would result from the unbalanced thrust caused by a malfunctioning motor, the faulty motor and the motor opposite it in the rocket base would be turned off. KORD would also make the calculations necessary to compensate for the missing motors, which would allow the same flight path to be maintained.The N1, despite its necessity for planned missions, was never successfully flown. The first test flight, on February 3, 1969, had internal plumbing issues which led to a fire one minute in. It did, however, demonstrate the KORD system working successfully as well as proper deployment of the ejection safety system. The second launch, on July 3, experienced failure seconds after ignition, causing the rocket to fall back on the Launchpad and create significant damage. The third N1 launch occurred on June 22, 1971, after improvements were made to KORD, the cabling, and fuel pumps, and the addition of an extinguishment system and filters. Before the launch, the individual engines were further tested and the Launchpad was repaired. For the first time all thirty engines of the first stage fired successfully, which was the cause of the failure of the flight. When all engines fired together, it created unexpectedly high roll (rotation along the axis of thrust), which was beyond the strength of the compensating vernier engines, designed to keep stable flight. This was another failure that might have been prevented with proper ground testing.For the fourth and what would become the final flight of the N1, further refinements were made, including four additional vernier engines, additional heat shielding for internal components, a new digital control system, and additional sensors paired with a high speed relay system. The Soviet Space program was now eyeing creating a base on the Moon, but first needed to finally succeed with this design. The launch was on November 23, 1972, with a Mishin approved flight plan to orbit the Moon forty-two times, with flight activities such as taking pictures of future landing sites, before returning to Earth on December 4. The rocket preceded farther than its predecessors, but shortly before the first stage was to separate one engine caught fire, causing the entire structure to explode, but not before the escape structure again properly deployed.Despite his skills in rocketry, Mishin was not known as an able administrator. He is often blamed for the failure of the program to put a man on the Moon, and faced criticisms for his alcohol consumption. He was described by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev as \"not [having] the slightest idea how to cope with the many thousands of people, the management of whom had been loaded onto his shoulders, nor make the huge irreversible government machine work for him.\"In May 1967, Yuri Gagarin and Alexei Leonov criticised Mishin's \"poor knowledge of the Soyuz spacecraft and the details of its operation, his lack of cooperation in working with the cosmonauts in flight and training activities\" and asked Nikolai Kamanin for him to be cited in the official report into the Soyuz 1 crash, which killed Vladimir Komarov. Leonov described Mishin as \"hesitant, uninspiring, poor at making decisions, over-reluctant to take risks and bad at managing the cosmonaut corps\" Other failures during his term of leadership were the deaths of the Soyuz 11 crew, the loss of three space stations, and computer failures in four probes sent to Mars.On May 15, 1974, while he was in the hospital, Mishin was replaced by a rival, Chief Engine Designer Valentin Glushko, after all four N1 test launches failed.He continued his educational and research works as the head of rocket department of Moscow Aviation Institute.\nVasily Mishin was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor for his work with the Soviet space program.He died in Moscow on October 10, 2001 at the age of 84.His diaries, containing information on the program from 1960 to 1974, were purchased by the Perot Foundation in 1993. In 1997 a small part of the collection was donated to the National Air and Space Museum to be put on display, and in 2004 copies were donated to NASA.\n\n", "Q215258": "Richard McKay Rorty (October 4, 1931 \u2013 June 8, 2007) was an American philosopher.\nEducated at the University of Chicago and Yale University, he had strong interests and training in both the history of philosophy and contemporary analytic philosophy, the latter of which came to comprise the main focus of his work at Princeton University in the 1960s. He subsequently came to reject the tradition of philosophy according to which knowledge involves correct representation (a \"mirror of nature\") of a world whose existence remains wholly independent of that representation. \nRorty had a long and diverse academic career, including positions as Stuart Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University, Kenan Professor of Humanities at the University of Virginia, and Professor of Comparative Literature at Stanford University. Among his most influential books are Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (1979), Consequences of Pragmatism (1982), and Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity (1989).\nRorty saw the idea of knowledge as a \"mirror of nature\" as pervasive throughout the history of western philosophy. Against this approach, Rorty advocated for a novel form of American pragmatism (sometimes called neopragmatism) in which scientific and philosophical methods form merely a set of contingent \"vocabularies\" which people abandon or adopt over time according to social conventions and usefulness. Rorty believed abandoning representationalist accounts of knowledge and language would lead to a state of mind he referred to as \"ironism\", in which people become completely aware of the contingency of their placement in history and of their philosophical vocabulary. Rorty tied this brand of philosophy to the notion of \"social hope\"; he believed that without the representationalist accounts, and without metaphors between the mind and the world, human society would behave more peacefully. He also emphasized the reasons why the interpretation of culture as conversation (Bernstein 1971), constitutes the crucial concept of a \"postphilosophical\" culture determined to abandon representationalist accounts of traditional epistemology, incorporating American pragmatism with Darwinian naturalism.", "Q107182": "Leo Dautzenberg (born 4 February 1950 in Gillrath, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German politician and member of Christian Democratic Union of Germany in the Bundestag from 1998 till 2011.", "Q159798": "Honorius (Latin: Flavius Honorius Augustus; 9 September 384 \u2013 15 August 423) was Western Roman Emperor from 395 to 423. He was the younger son of emperor Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of Arcadius, who was the Eastern Emperor from 395 until his death in 408. In 410, during his reign, Rome was sacked for the first time in almost 800 years.Even by the standards of the rapidly declining Western Empire, Honorius's reign was precarious and chaotic. His reign was supported by his principal general, Stilicho, who was successively Honorius's guardian (during his childhood) and his father-in-law (after the emperor became an adult). Stilicho's generalship helped preserve some level of stability, but with his execution in 408, the Western Roman Empire moved closer to collapse.", "Q441452": "Christina Ann McNichol (born September 11, 1962) is an American actress, comedian, producer, and singer.She is known for such roles as Angel in the film Little Darlings, Polly in the film Only When I Laugh, and Barbara Weston in the TV sitcom Empty Nest. She won two Emmy Awards for her portrayal of teenage daughter Letitia \"Buddy\" Lawrence in the TV drama Family.\nIn 1998, she retired from acting.", "Q288409": "Ana Pastor Garc\u00eda (born December 9, 1977) is a Spanish journalist and anchorwoman.\n\n", "Q1443054": "Franklin Clarence Mars (; September 24, 1882 \u2013 April 8, 1934), sometimes known as Frank C. Mars, was an American business magnate who founded the food company Mars, Incorporated, which mostly makes chocolate candy. Mars' son Forrest Edward Mars developed M&M's and the Mars bar.", "Q228867": "Zulu is a 1964 British epic war film depicting the Battle of Rorke's Drift between the British Army and the Zulus in January 1879, during the Anglo-Zulu War. It shows how 150 British soldiers, many of whom were sick and wounded patients in a field hospital, successfully held off a force of 4,000 Zulu warriors. The film is notable for showing the Zulu army as disciplined and governed by strategy.The film was directed by American screenwriter Cy Endfield and produced by Stanley Baker and Endfield, with Joseph E. Levine as executive producer. The screenplay is by John Prebble and Endfield, based on an article by Prebble, a historical writer. The film stars Stanley Baker and introduces Michael Caine, in his first major role, with a supporting cast that includes Jack Hawkins, Ulla Jacobsson, James Booth, Nigel Green, Paul Daneman, Glynn Edwards, Ivor Emmanuel and Patrick Magee. Future South African political leader Mangosuthu Buthelezi played Zulu King Cetshwayo kaMpande, his great-grandfather. The opening and closing narration is spoken by Richard Burton.\nThe film was first shown on the 85th anniversary of the actual battle, 22 January 1964, at the Plaza Theatre in the West End of London. In 2017 a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for Time Out magazine ranked it the 93rd best British film ever.", "Q71944": "Emilie (\u00c4milie, Aemilie) Juliane (19 August 1637 \u2013 3 December 1706) was a German countess and hymn writer.\nEmilie Juliane was a daughter of Count Albert Frederick I of Barby-M\u00fchlingen and his wife, Sophia Ursula of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst. During the Thirty Years' War, her father and his family were compelled to seek refuge in the castle of Heidecksburg in Rudolstadt after being persecuted for their Lutheran Protestant faith. It belonged to his uncle, Count Louis G\u00fcnther I of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, and Emilie was born there.\nAfter the death of her father (in 1641) and mother (in 1642), she was adopted by her aunt Emilie of Oldenburg, who was also her godmother and had become the wife of Count Louis G\u00fcnther. Emilie Juliane was educated at Rudolstadt with her cousins under the care of Ahasuerus Fritsch and other teachers. She received a good education in religion, Latin, history, among other sciences. She is regarded as a forerunner of pietism.On 7 July 1665, she was married to her cousin, Count Albert Anton II of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt. She was the most productive of German female hymn-writers, almost 600 hymns being attributed to her. Her hymns, such as \"Wer wei\u00df, wie nahe mir mein Ende\", are full of a deep love for her Saviour. She published Geistliche Lieder, etc., Rudolstadt, 1683; Kuhlwasser in grosser Hitze des Creutzes, Rudolstadt, 1685; T\u00e4gliches Morgen- Mittags- und Abendopfer, Rudolstadt, 1685.\nHer hymns \"\"Bis hierher hat mich Gott gebracht (EG 329) and \"Wer wei\u00df, wie nahe mir mein Ende\" (EG 530) are contained in the Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch.", "Q5890": "V for Vendetta is a 2005 dystopian political thriller action film directed by James McTeigue and written by the Wachowskis, based on the 1988 DC/Vertigo Comics limited series of the same name by Alan Moore and David Lloyd. Set in an alternative future where a Nordic supremacist and neo-fascist Christian totalitarian regime has subjugated the United Kingdom, the film centers on V (portrayed by Hugo Weaving), an anarchist and masked freedom fighter who attempts to ignite a revolution through elaborate terrorist acts, while Natalie Portman plays Evey, a young, working-class woman caught up in V's mission and Stephen Rea portrays a detective leading a desperate quest to stop V.\nProduced by Silver Pictures, Virtual Studios and Anarchos Productions Inc., V for Vendetta was originally scheduled for release by Warner Bros. Pictures on November 4, 2005 (a day before the 400th Guy Fawkes Night), but was delayed; it instead opened in the United States on March 17, 2006 to mostly positive reviews from critics and was a box office success. However, Alan Moore, having been dissatisfied with the film adaptations of his other works, From Hell (2001) and The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003), declined to watch the film and asked to be uncredited or not be paid royalties.\nV for Vendetta has been seen by many political groups as an allegory of oppression by government; libertarians and anarchists have used it to promote their beliefs. David Lloyd stated: \"The Guy Fawkes mask has now become a common brand and a convenient placard to use in protest against tyranny \u2013 and I'm happy with people using it, it seems quite unique, an icon of popular culture being used this way.\"", "Q123034": "Huldrych Zwingli or Ulrich Zwingli (1 January 1484 \u2013 11 October 1531) was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenary system. He attended the University of Vienna and the University of Basel, a scholarly center of Renaissance humanism. He continued his studies while he served as a pastor in Glarus and later in Einsiedeln, where he was influenced by the writings of Erasmus.\nIn 1519, Zwingli became the pastor of the Grossm\u00fcnster in Z\u00fcrich where he began to preach ideas on reform of the Catholic Church. In his first public controversy in 1522, he attacked the custom of fasting during Lent. In his publications, he noted corruption in the ecclesiastical hierarchy, promoted clerical marriage, and attacked the use of images in places of worship. In 1525, he introduced a new communion liturgy to replace the Mass. He also clashed with the Anabaptists, which resulted in their persecution. Historians have debated whether or not he turned Z\u00fcrich into a theocracy.The Reformation spread to other parts of the Swiss Confederation, but several cantons resisted, preferring to remain Catholic. Zwingli formed an alliance of Reformed cantons which divided the Confederation along religious lines. In 1529, a war was averted at the last moment between the two sides. Meanwhile, Zwingli's ideas came to the attention of Martin Luther and other reformers. They met at the Marburg Colloquy and agreed on many points of doctrine, but they could not reach an accord on the doctrine of the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist.\nIn 1531, Zwingli's alliance applied an unsuccessful food blockade on the Catholic cantons. The cantons responded with an attack at a moment when Z\u00fcrich was ill-prepared, and Zwingli died on the battlefield. His legacy lives on in the confessions, liturgy, and church orders of the Reformed churches of today.\n\n", "Q241609": "Mary Elizabeth \"Tipper\" Gore (n\u00e9e Aitcheson; born August 19, 1948) is an American social issues advocate who was the second lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001. She is the former wife of Al Gore, the 45th vice president of the United States, from whom she separated in 2010.\nIn 1985, Gore co-founded the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), which advocated for labeling of record covers of releases featuring profane language, especially in the heavy metal, punk and hip hop genres. Throughout her decades of public life, she has advocated for placing advisory labels on music (leading critics to call her a censor), mental health awareness, women's causes, children's causes, LGBT rights and reducing homelessness.", "Q2127": "Charlottetown (; French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0283a\u0281l\u0254t.tawn]; Scottish Gaelic: Baile She\u00e0rlot) is the capital and largest city of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, and the county seat of Queens County. Named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, queen consort of King George III of the United Kingdom, Charlottetown was originally an unincorporated town that incorporated as a city in 1855.It was famously the site of the Charlottetown Conference in 1864, the first gathering of Canadian and Maritime statesmen to debate the proposed Maritime Union and the more persuasive British North American Union, now known as Canadian Confederation. From this, the city adopted as its motto Cunabula Foederis\u2014\"Birthplace of Confederation\".\nThe population of Charlottetown in the 2016 census was 36,094; this forms the centre of a census agglomeration of 76,728, which is slightly less than half of the province's population (155,241).", "Q2119416": "Nikolay Alekseyevich Pilyugin (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0438\u043b\u044e\u0301\u0433\u0438\u043d; May 5(OS) (May 18(NS)), 1908, Krasnoye Selo - August 2, 1982) was Soviet chief designer of rocket guidance systems.\nHe was a designer of control systems for boosters and spacecraft.\nHe participated in design of the first ICBM \"R-7\" and Soviet space shuttle Buran.\nA graduate of the Baumann higher technical school (MVTU), Pilyugin worked at the Zhukovsky Central Institute of Aerohydrodynamics (TsAGI) starting in 1934, then joined RNII the Institute of Jet Propulsion. In 1945, he joined Boris Chertok at the RABE institute in Germany, studying the design of the V-2 and other Nazi weaponry.\nIn 1946, he along with Mikhail Ryazansky headed the newly formed NII-885. Pilyugin developed gyroscopic guidance control systems and flight control computers for Soviet rockets beginning with the R-1 (a copy of the V-2).", "Q362749": "Adolf Ivar Arwidsson (7 August 1791 \u2013 21 June 1858) was a Finnish political journalist, writer and historian. His writing was critical of Finland's status at the time as a Grand Duchy under the Russian Tsars. Its sharpness cost him his job as a lecturer at The Royal Academy of Turku and he had to emigrate to Sweden, where he continued his political activity. The Finnish national movement considered Arwidsson the mastermind of an independent Finland.\n\n", "Q28602": "Aramaic (Ar\u0101m\u0101y\u0101; Old Aramaic: \ud802\udd00\ud802\udd13\ud802\udd0c\ud802\udd09\ud802\udd00; Imperial Aramaic: \ud802\udc40\ud802\udc53\ud802\udc4c\ud802\udc49\ud802\udc40; square script \u05d0\u05b7\u05e8\u05b8\u05de\u05b8\u05d9\u05b8\u05d0, Classical Syriac: \u0710\u072a\u0721\u071d\u0710) is a language or group of languages belonging to the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic language family. More specifically, it is part of the Northwest Semitic group, which also includes the Canaanite languages such as Hebrew and Phoenician. The Aramaic alphabet was widely adopted for other languages and is ancestral to the Hebrew, Syriac and Arabic alphabets. During its approximately 3,100 years of written history, Aramaic has served variously as a language of administration of empires, as a language of divine worship and religious study, and as the spoken tongue of a number of Semitic peoples from the Near East.\nHistorically, Aramaic was the language of the Arameans, a Semitic-speaking people of the region between the northern Levant and the northern Tigris valley. By around 1000 BCE, the Arameans had a string of kingdoms in what is now part of Syria and Mesopotamia. Aramaic rose to prominence under the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911\u2013605 BCE), under whose influence Aramaic became a prestige language, and its use spread throughout most of Mesopotamia and the Levant. At its height, variants of Aramaic were spoken all over in what is today Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Eastern Arabia, Northern Arabia, and to a lesser extent parts of southeast and south central Turkey, and parts of northwest Iran. Aramaic was the language of Jesus, who spoke the Galilean dialect during his public ministry, as well as the language of large sections of the biblical books of Daniel and Ezra, and also one of the languages of the Talmud.\nThe scribes of the Neo-Assyrian bureaucracy had also used Aramaic, and this practice\u2014together with other administrative practices\u2014was subsequently inherited by the succeeding Neo-Babylonians (605\u2013539 BCE), and the Achaemenids (539\u2013330 BCE). Mediated by scribes that had been trained in the language, highly standardized written Aramaic (in its Achaemenid form called Imperial Aramaic) progressively also become the lingua franca of trade and commerce throughout the Achaemenid territories, which extended as far east as the Indus valley. (That use of written Aramaic subsequently led to the adoption of the Aramaic alphabet and\u2014as logograms\u2014some Aramaic vocabulary in the Pahlavi scripts, which were used by several Middle Iranian languages, including Parthian, Middle Persian, Sogdian, and Khwarazmian).Aramaic's long history and diverse and widespread use has led to the development of many divergent varieties, which are sometimes considered dialects, though they have become distinct enough over time that they are now sometimes considered as separate languages. Therefore, there is not one singular, static Aramaic language; each time and place rather has had its own variation. The more widely spoken Eastern Aramaic and Mandaic forms are today largely restricted to Iraqi Kurdistan, northeastern Syria, northwestern Iran and southeastern Turkey, whilst the severely endangered Western Neo-Aramaic is spoken by small communities in northwestern Syria.\nCertain dialects of Aramaic are also retained as a sacred language by certain religious communities. One of those liturgical dialects is Mandaic, which besides being a living variant of Aramaic is also the liturgical language of Mandaeism. Significantly more widespread is Syriac, the liturgical language of Syriac Christianity, in particular the Assyrian Church of the East, the Chaldean Catholic Church, the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Assyrian Pentecostal Church, Assyrian Evangelical Church, Ancient Church of the East, Syriac Catholic Church, the Maronite Church, and the Saint Thomas Christian denominations of India. Syriac was also the liturgical language of several now-extinct gnostic faiths, such as Manichaeism.\nNeo-Aramaic languages are still spoken today as a first language by many communities of Syriac Christians, Jews (in particular, the Kurdish Jews), and Mandaeans of Western Asia, most numerously by Chaldeans, Syriacs and Assyrians with numbers of fluent speakers ranging approximately from 1 million to 2 million, with the main languages among Assyrians being Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (590,000 speakers), Chaldean Neo-Aramaic (240,000 speakers) and Turoyo (100,000 speakers), together with a number of smaller closely related languages with no more than 5,000 to 10,000 speakers between them. They have retained use of the once dominant lingua franca despite subsequent language shifts experienced throughout the Middle East. However, the Aramaic languages are now considered endangered. The languages are used by the older generation, all beyond retirement age, and so could go extinct within a generation. However, researchers are working to record all the dialects of Neo-Aramaic languages before they go extinct. Royal Aramaic inscriptions from the Aramean city-states date from 10th century BC, making Aramaic one of the world's oldest recorded living languages.", "Q333260": "Vladimir Nikolayevich Chelomey (Ukrainian: \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0439; Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0301\u0439; 30 June 1914 \u2013 8 December 1984) was a Soviet mechanics scientist, aviation and missile engineer. He invented the very first Soviet pulse jet engine and was responsible for the development of the world's first anti-ship cruise missiles and ICBM complexes like the UR-100, UR-200, UR-500 and UR-700.", "Q237774": "Daveigh Elizabeth Chase ( d\u0259-VAY; n\u00e9e Chase-Schwallier; born July 24, 1990) is an American actress, voice actress, singer and model. She began her career appearing in minor television roles before being cast as Samantha Darko in Richard Kelly's cult film Donnie Darko. She would subsequently provide the voices of Chihiro Ogino in the English dub of the Studio Ghibli film Spirited Away, and Lilo Pelekai in the Disney animated feature film Lilo & Stitch and its subsequent franchise, before appearing as Samara Morgan, the child antagonist in the 2002 horror film The Ring.\nBetween 2006 and 2011, she played a supporting part in the HBO series Big Love, portraying Rhonda Volmer, a sociopathic teenager raised in a polygamist family. In 2009, she reprised her role as Samantha Darko in S. Darko, a sequel to Donnie Darko. She appeared in the 2016 horror film Jack Goes Home.\n\n", "Q209842": "The University of Paris (French: Universit\u00e9 de Paris), metonymically known as the Sorbonne (French: [s\u0254\u0281b\u0254n]), was a university in Paris, France, active 1150\u20131793, and 1806\u20131970.\nEmerging around 1150 as a corporation associated with the cathedral school of Notre Dame de Paris, it was considered the second oldest university in Europe. Officially chartered in 1200 by King Philip II of France and recognised in 1215 by Pope Innocent III, it was later often nicknamed after its theological College of Sorbonne, in turn founded by Robert de Sorbon and chartered by French King Saint Louis around 1257.Internationally highly reputed for its academic performance in the humanities ever since the Middle Ages \u2013 notably in theology and philosophy \u2013 it introduced several academic standards and traditions that have endured ever since and spread internationally, such as doctoral degrees and student nations. Vast numbers of popes, royalty, scientists, and intellectuals were educated at the University of Paris. A few of the colleges of the time are still visible close to Pantheon and Luxembourg Gardens: Coll\u00e8ge des Bernardins (18, rue de Poissy 75005), Hotel de Cluny (6, Place Paul Painleve 75005), College Sainte Barbe (4, rue Valette 75005), College d'Harcourt (44 Boulevard Saint-Michel 75006), and Cordeliers (21, Rue Ecole de Medecine 75006).In 1793, during the French Revolution, the university was closed and by Item-27 of the Revolutionary Convention, the college endowments and buildings were sold. A new University of France replaced it in 1806 with four independent faculties: the Faculty of Humanities (French: Facult\u00e9 des Lettres), the Faculty of Law (later including Economics), the Faculty of Science, the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Theology (closed in 1885).\nIn 1970, following the May 1968 events, the university was divided into 13 autonomous universities.", "Q112202": "Fritz Heider (19 February 1896 \u2013 2 January 1988) was an Austrian psychologist whose work was related to the Gestalt school. In 1958 he published The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations, which expanded upon his creations of balance theory and attribution theory. This book presents a wide-range analysis of the conceptual framework and the psychological processes that influence human social perception (Malle,2008). It had taken 15 years to complete; before it was completed it had already circulated through a small group of social psychologists.", "Q175299": "Fat\u1e25-\u02bbAli \u0160\u00e2h Q\u00e2j\u00e2r (Persian: \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0639\u0644\u0649\u200c\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u200e; var. Fathalishah, Fathali Shah, Fath Ali Shah; 25 September 1772 \u2013 23 October 1834) was the second Shah (king) of Qajar Iran. He reigned from 17 June 1797 until his death. His reign saw the irrevocable ceding of Iran's northern territories in the Caucasus, comprising what is nowadays Georgia, Dagestan, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, to the Russian Empire following the Russo-Persian Wars of 1804\u20131813 and 1826\u20131828 and the resulting treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. Historian Joseph M. Upton says that he \"is famous among Persians for three things: his exceptionally long beard, his wasp-like waist, and his progeny.\"At the end of his reign, his difficult economic problems and military and technological liabilities took Iran to the verge of governmental disintegration, which was quickened by a consequent struggle for the throne after his death.", "Q945256": "Georges Lambert Casimir Nagelmackers (born 24 June 1845 in Li\u00e8ge, Belgium; deceased 10 August 1905 in Villepreux, France) (60 years old) was the founder of the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits, the company known for the Orient Express trains.", "Q31353": "Ad\u00e8le Haenel (French: [ad\u025bl en\u025bl]; born 1 January 1989) is a French actress. She is the recipient of several accolades, including two C\u00e9sar Awards from seven nominations and one Lumi\u00e8res Award from two nominations.\nHaenel began her career as a child actress, making her film debut with Les Diables (2002) at the age of 12, and quickly rose to prominence in the French entertainment industry as a teenager. She received her first C\u00e9sar Award nomination for her performance in Water Lilies (2007), which also marked the beginning of her long professional and personal relationship with director C\u00e9line Sciamma. In 2014, Haenel received her first C\u00e9sar Award for her supporting role in Suzanne, and in 2015 won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress for Love at First Fight. She continued to garner recognition for her performances in BPM (Beats per Minute) (2017), The Trouble with You (2018) and Portrait of a Lady on Fire (2019).\n\n", "Q189022": "Imperial College London (legally Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine) is a public research university in London. Dating back to the Royal College of Chemistry's foundation in 1845, Imperial grew out of Prince Albert's vision of an area for culture, including the Royal Albert Hall, Imperial Institute, numerous museums, and the Royal Colleges that would go on to form the college. In 1907, Imperial College was established by Royal Charter, merging the Royal College of Science, Royal School of Mines, and City and Guilds College. In 1988, the Imperial College School of Medicine was formed by combining with St Mary's Hospital Medical School. In 2004, Queen Elizabeth II opened the Imperial College Business School.\nThe college focuses exclusively on science, technology, medicine and business. The college's main campus is located in South Kensington, and it has an innovation campus in White City, a research field station at Silwood Park, and teaching hospitals throughout London. The college was a member of the University of London from 1908, becoming independent on its centenary in 2007. Imperial has an international community, with more than 59% of students from outside the UK and 140 countries represented on campus.In 2019\u201320, Imperial is internationally ranked 9th in the QS World University Rankings, 10th in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, 8th in Reuters The World's Most Innovative Universities, and 24th in the Academic Ranking of World Universities. Student, staff, and researcher affiliations include 14 Nobel laureates, 3 Fields Medalists, 1 Turing Award winner, 74 Fellows of the Royal Society, 87 Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering, and 85 Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences.", "Q364338": "Thierry Gilardi (26 July 1958 \u2013 25 March 2008) was a French football commentator.", "Q582380": "LA Ink is an American reality television show on TLC that follows the events of the High Voltage Tattoo (and, later in the series, American Electric) tattoo studios in Los Angeles, California. The spin-off of TLC's Miami Ink, premiered on August 7, 2007.In August 2011, TLC announced the cancellation ahead of the mid-season four premiere, making this season its last.", "Q3886107": "Blue Gold is the second book in the NUMA Files series of books co-written by author Clive Cussler and Paul Kemprecos, and was published in 2000. The main characters of this series are Kurt Austin and his sidekick Joe Zavala. Blue Gold is about attempting to control the world's water at any cost, including mass murder. Kurt and Joe Z must stop these events from happening with the help of a scientist who discovered how to purify water and collect free energy from it.\n\n", "Q732389": "Chandler Burr (born December 30, 1963) is an American journalist, author, and museum curator.", "Q289924": "Ghita N\u00f8rby (born 11 January 1935) is a Danish actress with 117 film credits to her name from 1956\u20132005, making her one of the most active Danish actresses ever. She was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, the daughter of opera singer Einar N\u00f8rby (1896\u20131983). She studied two years at the Danish Royal Theatre (Det Kongelige Teater), and was an actress there from 1956\u20131959.\nShe has been married a number of times. First in 1956 to architect Mogens Garth-Gr\u00fcner, and then to actor Henrik Wiehe. She met her next husband, Italian pop singer/actor Dario Campeotto, on the set of a film they were shooting in 1962. They were married in 1963, and had a son, actor Giacomo Campeotto, in 1964. They were divorced in 1969. She married actor J\u00f8rgen Reenberg in April 1970. She is currently married to pianist/composer, Svend Skipper.\nShe has received a number of awards and recognitions including the Ingenio et Arti medal in 2006. At the 27th Guldbagge Awards she was nominated for the award for Best Actress for her role in Freud's Leaving Home.", "Q273136": "Matthew Ryan Phillippe (; born September 10, 1974) is an American actor. After appearing as Billy Douglas on the soap opera One Life to Live, he came to fame in the late 1990s with starring roles in a string of films, including I Know What You Did Last Summer, Cruel Intentions, and 54. In the 2000s, he appeared in several films, including Gosford Park (2001), Crash (2004), Flags of Our Fathers (2006), Breach (2007), Stop-Loss (2008), MacGruber (2010), and The Lincoln Lawyer (2011). In 2010, Phillippe starred as Pulitzer Prize-winning photographer Greg Marinovich in The Bang-Bang Club. He starred in the lead role of Bob Lee Swagger in the USA Network thriller drama Shooter.", "Q377422": "L'homme orchestre is a comedy film from 1970 directed by Serge Korber, written by Jean Halain, and starring by Louis de Fun\u00e8s. It tells the story of Evan Evans, who owns and manages a ballet company in the Principality of Monaco with an iron fist.", "Q121810": "Grown Ups is a 2010 American comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan and written by Adam Sandler and Fred Wolf. It stars Sandler, Kevin James, Chris Rock, David Spade, and Rob Schneider. The film's plot tells a story of five lifelong friends who won their high school basketball championship in 1978. They reunite three decades later for a 4th of July weekend after learning about the sudden death of their basketball coach.\nGrown Ups was produced by Sandler's production company Happy Madison Productions and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. Sandler, Rock, Schneider, and Spade all joined the cast of Saturday Night Live in the 1990\u20131991 season; supporting cast including Colin Quinn, Maya Rudolph, Tim Meadows, and Norm Macdonald have also been SNL cast members. Despite receiving generally unfavorable reviews from critics, it grossed $271 million and led to a sequel, Grown Ups 2 (2013).\n\n", "Q461769": "The Letter for the King (Dutch: De Brief voor de Koning) is a Dutch adventure film of 2008 written by Maarten Lebens and Pieter Verhoeff and is directed by the latter.The film is based on the 1962 book of the same name by Dutch writer Tonke Dragt. In 1963 the book won the Dutch award Best Youth Book of the Year; in 2004 it was named the Best Youth Book of the past 50 years. Over a million copies of the book have been sold to date.The filming of The Letter for the King took place from November 2007 till early March 2008, on locations in Germany (Eisenach and Engelskirchen), Luxembourg (Vianden), Belgium and the Netherlands.", "Q863285": "Billy Wayne \"Crash\" Craddock (born June 16, 1939) is an American country and rockabilly singer. He first gained popularity in Australia in the 1950s with a string of rockabilly hits, including the Australian number one hit \"Boom Boom Baby\". Switching to country music, he gained popularity in United States in the 1970s with a string of top ten country hits, several of which were number one hits, including \"Rub It In\", \"Broken Down in Tiny Pieces\", and \"Ruby Baby\". Craddock is known to his fans as \"The King Of Country Rock Music\" and \"Mr. Country Rock\" for his uptempo rock-influenced style of country music.", "Q9099": "Tabar\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n V\u00e1zquez Rosas (Spanish pronunciation: [ta\u03b2a\u02c8\u027ee ra\u02c8mom \u02c8baskes \u02c8rosas]; born 17 January 1940) is a Uruguayan politician who served as the 41st President of Uruguay from 2015 to 2020. He previously served as President from 2005 to 2010 as the 39th officeholder. A physician (oncologist), he is a member of the leftist Broad Front coalition.\nV\u00e1zquez was first elected President on 31 October 2004, took office on 1 March 2005, and relinquished the office on 1 March 2010. Jos\u00e9 Mujica was then elected, serving from 2010 to 2015. V\u00e1zquez was re-elected to take office for the second time in 2015 and was succeeded by Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou in 2020.", "Q327215": "Hal Scardino (born Albert Henry Hugh Scardino; December 25, 1984) is an American actor and producer best known for having played the leading role in the movie The Indian in the Cupboard. He also starred in Searching for Bobby Fischer, Marvin's Room, and The Show (2015).\nScardino will appear in the play Saltonstall's Trial by Michael Cormier in October 2019 in Beverly, MA.", "Q265754": "Vittorio Merloni (30 April 1933 \u2013 18 June 2016) was an Italian entrepreneur and industrialist. He was the honorary chairman of Indesit (chaired by his son Andrea Merlon) and Fineldo (chaired by his daughter Antonella), the family holding company that controls Indesit and other group interests.", "Q101518": "Lutz Kirchhof (born 1953, Frankfurt am Main) is a German lutenist. He often performs with his wife Marina as the Kirchhof duo.In 1996 he founded the Deutsche Lautengesellschaft (German Association for Lute). He performs in festivals all over the world, giving about a hundred concerts a year since 2002.\nHe performs regularly with vocalists such as Max van Egmond and Derek Lee Ragin, and numerous instrumentalists.\nNumerous recordings have appeared and he has recorded for Sony Classical, but now publishes his recordings independently.", "Q139087": "Jane Kramer (born August 7, 1938) is an American journalist who is the European correspondent for The New Yorker; she has written a regular \"Letter from Europe\" for twenty years. Kramer has also written nine books, the latest of which, Lone Patriot (2003), is about a militia in the American West. Her other books include The Last Cowboy, Europeans and The Politics of Memory.\nIn Last Cowboy and Lone Patriot she explored downward mobility in America.", "Q1152351": "Mildred Pierce is a five-part miniseries that first aired on HBO on March 27, 2011. Adapted from James M. Cain's 1941 novel of the same name, it was directed by Todd Haynes, and starred Kate Winslet in the title role, alongside Guy Pearce, Evan Rachel Wood, and Melissa Leo. Carter Burwell wrote the original score for the miniseries.\nIt is the second adaptation of the novel, after the 1945 film noir produced by Warner Bros. and starring Joan Crawford.", "Q327573": "Same Same But Different is a 2009 German film, a love story starring David Kross and Apinya Sakuljaroensuk. It was directed by Detlev Buck. The script follows Benjamin Pr\u00fcfer's 2006 autobiographical magazine article, later published as a novel in 2007.\nThe title of Same Same But Different is indeed an Asian-English phrase, mainly used in Thailand, although the film is set in Cambodia.The film first premiered at the 62nd Locarno International Film Festival on 13 August 2009.", "Q273650": "Monet H. Mazur (born April 17, 1976) is an American film and television actress.", "Q377344": "Major-General Charles Howard Foulkes, CB, CMG, DSO (1 February 1875 \u2013 6 May 1969) was a Royal Engineers officer in the British Army and also a British international field hockey player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics in the bronze medal-winning team. He saw service in World War I and, following the first German use of gas on 22 April 1915 at the Second Battle of Ypres, became Britain's chief advisor on gas warfare. He also advised on the use of gas to suppress the uprisings in Afghanistan (1919) and Waziristan (1920), but gas was never actually deployed in these conflicts.", "Q63415": "Dirk Niebel (born 29 March 1963) is a German politician. From 2009 to 2013 he served as Federal Minister of Economic Cooperation and Development. From 2005 to 2009, he was secretary general of the FDP.\n\n", "Q610882": "Ant\u00f3nio Joaquim Tavares Ferro (17 August 1895, Lisbon - 11 November 1956, Lisbon) was a Portuguese writer, journalist and politician, associated with the Estado Novo.", "Q192402": "Rufus McGarrigle Wainwright (born July 22, 1973) is an American-Canadian singer, songwriter, and composer. He has recorded seven albums of original music and numerous tracks on compilations and film soundtracks. He has also written a classical opera and set Shakespeare sonnets to music for a theater piece by Robert Wilson.\nWainwright's self-titled debut album was released through DreamWorks Records in May 1998. His second album, Poses, was released in June 2001. Wainwright's third and fourth studio albums, Want One (2003) and Want Two (2004), were repackaged as the double album Want in 2005. In 2007, Wainwright released his fifth studio album Release the Stars and his first live album Rufus Does Judy at Carnegie Hall. His second live album Milwaukee at Last!!! was released in 2009, followed by the studio albums All Days Are Nights: Songs for Lulu (2010) and Out of the Game (2012). The double album Prima Donna (2015), was a recording of his opera of the same name. His ninth studio album Take All My Loves: 9 Shakespeare Sonnets (2016), featured nine adaptions of Shakespeare's sonnets.\nWainwright is the son of musicians Loudon Wainwright III and Kate McGarrigle, and the older brother of singer Martha Wainwright.", "Q298197": "Bar Refaeli (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05e8 \u05e8\u05e4\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u200e; born 4 June 1985) is an Israeli model, television host, actress, and entrepreneur. Refaeli is considered among the most internationally successful models to come from Israel. She was on the cover of the 2009 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, and was voted No. 1 on Maxim magazine's Hot 100 list of 2012. As a television host, Refaeli has hosted of The X Factor Israel since 2013 and co-hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv.As a result of her modeling and investment career, her net worth was estimated at US $20 million in 2015, and was the highest paid model in Israel according to Forbes Israel in 2013.", "Q214813": "Am\u00e1lia da Piedade Rebord\u00e3o Rodrigues GCSE, GCIH (23 July 1920 \u2013 6 October 1999), better known as Am\u00e1lia Rodrigues (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0250\u02c8mali\u0250 \u0281u\u02c8\u00f0\u027ei\u0263\u0268\u0283]) or popularly as Am\u00e1lia, was a Portuguese fadista (fado singer) and actress. \nKnown as the 'Rainha do Fado' (\"Queen of Fado\"), Rodrigues was instrumental in popularising fado worldwide and travelled internationally throughout her career. Am\u00e1lia remains the best-selling Portuguese artist in history.", "Q114115": "Henry V is a 1989 British historical drama film adapted for the screen and directed by Kenneth Branagh, based on William Shakespeare's play of the same name about King Henry V of England. The film stars Branagh in the title role with Paul Scofield, Derek Jacobi, Ian Holm, Emma Thompson, Alec McCowen, Judi Dench, Robbie Coltrane, Brian Blessed, and Christian Bale in supporting roles.\nThe film received worldwide critical acclaim and has been widely considered one of the best Shakespeare film adaptations ever made. For her work on the film, Phyllis Dalton won an Academy Award for Best Costume Design and Kenneth Branagh, in his directorial debut, received Oscar nominations for Best Actor and Best Director.", "Q68540": "Les Planchettes is a municipality in the district of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland.", "Q174839": "Jean de Tournes (1504 \u2013 1564) was a French printer, book publisher and bookseller, and the founder of a long-lasting family printing business. From 1559 he was the imprimeur du Roi, printer to the French king.\n\n", "Q59945": "Carl Jacob Christoph Burckhardt (May 25, 1818 \u2013 August 8, 1897) was a Swiss historian of art and culture and an influential figure in the historiography of both fields. He is known as one of the major progenitors of cultural history. Sigfried Giedion described Burckhardt's achievement in the following terms: \"The great discoverer of the age of the Renaissance, he first showed how a period should be treated in its entirety, with regard not only for its painting, sculpture and architecture, but for the social institutions of its daily life as well.\" Burckhardt's best known work is The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860).\n\n", "Q67673": "Not to be confused with Sant'Antonio in the same district.\nSant'Antonino is a municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q48690": "Osvaldo Dortic\u00f3s Torrado (April 17, 1919 \u2013 June 23, 1983) was a Cuban politician who served as the President of Cuba from 1959 until 1976.", "Q83287": "Selena Marie Gomez (born July 22, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and television producer. After appearing on the children's television series Barney & Friends (2002\u20132004), she received wider recognition for her portrayal of Alex Russo on the Emmy Award-winning Disney Channel television series Wizards of Waverly Place (2007\u20132012). From 2008 to 2011, Gomez also starred in the films Another Cinderella Story, Princess Protection Program, Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie, Ramona and Beezus, and Monte Carlo. Thereafter, she focused on more mature roles since 2012, with Spring Breakers, Getaway, The Fundamentals of Caring, and The Dead Don't Die. She voices the character of Mavis in the Hotel Transylvania film franchise, and serves as an executive producer of the Netflix television drama series 13 Reasons Why (2017\u2013present) and the Netflix documentary series Living Undocumented (2019).\nWith her former band Selena Gomez & the Scene, she released three studio albums that attained gold certifications and reached the top ten in the US. She debuted as a solo artist on the pop and dance influenced Stars Dance (2013), which became her first number-one album on the US Billboard 200, and included her first top-ten single on the Billboard Hot 100, \"Come & Get It\". To finish out her contract with Hollywood Records, she released a compilation album in 2014, which included her second top-ten single \"The Heart Wants What It Wants\". Released via Interscope Records, her second studio album Revival (2015) topped the Billboard 200 with the highest first week sales of her career. It was well-received by music critics and became Gomez's first to achieve platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The first three singles, \"Good for You\", \"Same Old Love\", and \"Hands to Myself\", all became top-ten entries on the Hot 100, and topped the Mainstream Top 40 chart. Since then, she was featured on several collaborations, including \"We Don't Talk Anymore\" with Charlie Puth, \"It Ain't Me\" with Kygo, \"Wolves\" with Marshmello, and \"Taki Taki\" with DJ Snake. After a short absence from the music scene, Gomez released \"Lose You to Love Me\", her first US number one single, from her third consecutive number-one album Rare (2020).\nIn 2017, Billboard reported that Gomez has sold over 7 million albums and 22 million singles worldwide. Gomez has earned numerous awards throughout her career, and was recognized as the Billboard Woman of the Year in 2017. She has a large following on social media, and was at one time the most followed individual on Instagram, before being surpassed by athlete Cristiano Ronaldo. Gomez's other ventures include a makeup line, a clothing line, a handbag line, a fragrance line, and a production company named July Moonhead Productions. She has worked with various charitable organizations and became a UNICEF ambassador at the age of seventeen.", "Q259913": "Adam Spiegel (born October 22, 1969), known professionally as Spike Jonze (pronounced as the common Welsh name \"Jones\"), is an American filmmaker, photographer, and actor, whose work includes film, television, music videos, and commercials.\nJonze began his career as a teenager photographing BMX riders and skateboarders for Freestylin' Magazine and Transworld Skateboarding, and he co-founded the youth culture magazine Dirt. Moving into filmmaking, he began shooting street skateboarding films, including the influential Video Days (1991). Jonze co-founded the skateboard company Girl Skateboards in 1993 with riders Rick Howard and Mike Carroll. Jonze's filmmaking style made him an in-demand director of music videos for much of the 1990s, resulting in collaborations with Sonic Youth, Beastie Boys, Fatboy Slim, Daft Punk, Weezer, Bj\u00f6rk, Kanye West and Arcade Fire.\nJonze began his feature film directing career with Being John Malkovich (1999) and Adaptation. (2002), both written by Charlie Kaufman; the former earned Jonze an Academy Award nomination for Best Director. He was a co-creator and executive producer of MTV's Jackass reality franchise. Jonze later began directing films based on his own screenplays, including Where the Wild Things Are (2009) and Her (2013); for the latter film, he won the Academy Award, Golden Globe, and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay, while receiving Academy Award nominations for Best Picture and Best Original Song (\"The Moon Song\").\nHe has worked as an actor sporadically throughout his career, co-starring in David O. Russell's war comedy Three Kings (1999) and appeared in supporting roles in Bennett Miller's Moneyball (2011) and Martin Scorsese's The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), in addition to a recurring role in comedy series The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret (2010\u20132012) and cameo appearances in his own films. Jonze co-founded Directors Label, with filmmakers Chris Cunningham and Michel Gondry, and the Palm Pictures company. He is currently the creative director of Vice Media, Inc. and its multinational television channel Vice on TV.", "Q162083": "Konotop (; Ukrainian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f [kono\u02c8t\u0254p] (listen)) is a city in Sumy Oblast in northeastern Ukraine. Konotop serves as the administrative center of Konotop Raion. Konotop is administratively incorporated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. Konotop is located about 129 km from Sumy, the oblast administrative center. It is host to Konotop air base. Population: 87,881\u2009(2015 est.)", "Q3087473": "The Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava (Slovak: Vysok\u00e1 \u0161kola m\u00fazick\u00fdch umen\u00ed v Bratislave, abbr. V\u0160MU) is a university founded on June 9, 1949.\nThe university consists of three faculties:\n\nTheatre Faculty (Acting, Directing, Dramaturgy, Stage and Costume Design, Puppetry, Theatre Theory, Theatre Management)\nFaculty of Film and Television (Directing, Documentary, Dramaturgy and Scriptwriting, Photography and Picture Composition, Animation, Editing, Sound Design, Production, Management and Business Studies, Film and TV Theory)\nFaculty of Music and Dance (Composition, Orchestra Conducting, Theory of Music, Voice, Opera Directing, Instrumental Playing (16 majors), Dance (6 majors))", "Q294975": "Miranda Otto (born 1967) is an Australian actress, the daughter of actors Barry and Lindsay Otto, and the paternal half-sister of actress Gracie Otto. Otto began her acting career in 1986 at age 18, and appeared in a variety of independent and major studio films in her native Australia. Otto made her major film debut in Emma's War, in which she played a teenager who moves to Australia's bush country during World War II.After a decade of critically acclaimed roles in Australian films, Otto gained Hollywood's attention during the 1990s after appearing in supporting roles in the films The Thin Red Line and What Lies Beneath. She came to prominence in the early 2000s for her role as \u00c9owyn in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film series, based on the classic fastasy novel of the same name by J. R. R. Tolkien.", "Q655306": "Pierre-S\u00e9bastien Laurentie (21 January 1793, in Houga, Gers, France \u2013 9 February 1876) was a French writer and publicist, and a staunch anti-Gallican monarchist.", "Q751612": "The Bronx High School of Science (commonly called Bronx Science or Science, and formerly Science High) is a public magnet, specialized high school in Bronx, New York, United States. It is operated by the New York City Department of Education.\nAdmission to Bronx Science involves passing the Specialized High Schools Admissions Test. Each November, about 30,000 eighth and ninth graders take the three-hour test for admittance to eight of the nine specialized high schools. The test is extremely competitive, with only 900 of the 30,000 applicants being accepted to Bronx Science each year.\nFounded in 1938 in the Bronx, New York City, Bronx Science is now situated in an educational area known as the Educational Mile in Bedford Park, a neighborhood in the northwest portion of the Bronx. The exam administered to students in the 8th grade was reportedly taken by more than 20,000 students every year as of 1999. Although known for its focus on mathematics and science, Bronx Science also emphasizes the humanities and social sciences and continually attracts students with a wide variety of interests beyond math and science. Its alumni have received eight Nobel prizes (seven of them in Physics) and six Pulitzer Prizes.", "Q237012": "Imogen Gay Poots (born 3 June 1989) is an English actress. She played Tammy in the post-apocalyptic science fiction horror film 28 Weeks Later (2007), Linda Keith in the Jimi Hendrix biopic Jimi: All Is by My Side (2013), Debbie Raymond in the Paul Raymond biopic The Look of Love (2013), and Julia Maddon in the American action movie Need for Speed (2014). In 2016 she starred as Kelly Ann in the Showtime series Roadies.", "Q187769": "K\u00e1roly Olt (14 May 1904 \u2013 22 March 1985) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Finance between 1950 and 1956.\nHe moved from Zagreb to Hungary in 1920 (after the Treaty of Trianon). He became a member of the Hungarian Communist Party in 1930. He was arrested and condemned because of his communist activities. After that Olt took part in the reestablishment of the communist party. Between 1947 and 1 June 1949 he served as Minister of Welfare. He was appointed Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary in 1949. Between 1950 and 1951 he worked as secretary of the Presidential Council. After his financial ministership he was a member of the party's Central Leadership. Between 1957 and 1961 he was one of the members of the Presidential Council.\n\n", "Q741401": "Rick Rozz (born Frederick D. DeLillo; January 9, 1967) is an American guitarist. He grew up in Brooklyn, New York and spent his formative years in Altamonte Springs, Florida, attending Lake Brantley High School. He is best known for his work with the death metal bands Death and Massacre. He still resides in Florida.\nHe played on and co-wrote the well-known death-metal releases Leprosy in 1988, From Beyond in 1990, the EP Inhuman Condition in 1991 and the more rock-oriented LP Promise in 1996. He also wrote the music for the 2014 Massacre release \"Back From Beyond\" on Century Media Records.\nIn 2019 Rick reformed \"Massacre\" with original \"Mantas/Death/Massacre\" singer Kam Lee along with original \"Massacre\" Bassist Michael Borders, and drummer Mike Mazzonetto \"Pain Principle/Massacre\" who played on the 2014 release \"Back From Beyond\" \nAt this time \"Massacre\" is playing weekend dates worldwide in 2019 and plan to continue in 2020.", "Q691422": "Harry Lane Englebright (January 2, 1884 \u2013 May 13, 1943) was a U.S. political figure. He served as a Congressman from California's 2nd congressional district from 1926\u20131943, and as the House Minority Whip between 1933 and 1943.Englebright was born in Nevada City, California. His father, William F. Englebright was a politician who served in the United States House of Representatives. Harry Englebright attended the University of California, Berkeley and became a mining engineer before entering politics, connected with various mining enterprises in California and was an engineer for the State Conservation Commission from 1911\u20131914.Englebright was elected to the United States House of Representatives in a special election in 1926, following the death of congressman John E. Raker. His district was located in the far north of California, north of Sacramento. He was a Republican. He was elected to a full term later in 1926 and was re-elected until his death in 1943, passing away in Bethesda, Maryland.Englebright Lake in Northern California is named for him.", "Q1911364": "Maurice Leblanc (1857 \u2013 1923) was a French engineer and industrialist.\nBorn in Paris, Leblanc worked primarily in improving induction motors and alternators. He also invented an improved vacuum pump and worked in the area of refrigeration.\nThe December 1, 1880 French publication \"La Lumi\u00e8re \u00e9lectrique\", published an article by Leblanc entitled \"Etude sur la transmission \u00e9lectrique des impressions lumineuses\". In this article Leblanc outlined five functions required for a television system.\n\na transducer to convert light into electricity\na scanner to break up a picture into its constituent parts\na method of synchronising the receiver and the transmitter\na means of converting electrical signals back into light\na screen for viewing the imageLeblanc was awarded the Prix Poncelet for 1913 by the French Academy of Sciences.", "Q277422": "Mukesh (born Mukesh Madhavan on 5 March 1956) is an Indian film actor, producer, television presenter, and politician known for his work predominantly in Malayalam cinema, while having appeared in a few Tamil films.He is best known for his comedic roles in films. He was the chairman of Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy. Mukesh is the current Member of the Legislative Assembly (M.L.A.) representing the Kollam constituency of Kerala state.", "Q1724088": "Sir Sydney Camm, CBE, FRAeS (5 August 1893 \u2013 12 March 1966) was an English aeronautical engineer who contributed to many Hawker aircraft designs, from the biplanes of the 1920s to jet fighters. One particularly notable aircraft he designed was the Hawker Hurricane fighter.", "Q434754": "Beatrice Edney (born 23 October 1962) is an English television actress.\nBorn in London, she is the daughter of actress Sylvia Syms; her brother is Benjamin Edney and her cousin is musician Nick Webb. Edney first came to audiences' attention as Heather MacLeod in the 1986 film Highlander, the first entry in the Highlander series. She returned to the role again in the 2000 film Highlander: Endgame. \nIn 1987, Edney performed the title role in the television production of The Dark Angel with Peter O'Toole. In 1990, she appeared in the Bruce Beresford film Mister Johnson, alongside Pierce Brosnan and Edward Woodward. \nHer many television appearances include a leading role in the 1986 television series Lost Empires, based on the novel by J.B. Priestley, in which she acted alongside Colin Firth. She has also appeared in episodes of a host of successful British television dramas such as Rosemary & Thyme, A Touch of Frost, Prime Suspect, Inspector Morse (and its spin-off Lewis), Agatha Christie's Poirot (episode The Mysterious Affair at Styles) and Wallander. In 1994, Edney played the role of Louisa Gradgrind in the television adaptation of Charles Dickens' Hard Times. In 1995, she had a starring role in the Channel 4 sitcom Dressing for Breakfast. \nIn 2012, she played Queen Charlotte in The Madness of King George III, at the Apollo Theatre, London.", "Q510190": "Sir Richard Henry Friend FRS FREng (born 18 January 1953) is a British physicist who is Cavendish Professor of Physics at the University of Cambridge and Tan Chin Tuan Centennial Professor at the National University of Singapore. Friend's research concerns the physics and engineering of carbon-based semiconductors.. He also serves as Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board of the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Singapore.", "Q48684": "Francisco Javier de El\u00edo (Pamplona, 1767 \u2013 Valencia, 1822), was a Spanish soldier, governor of Montevideo and the last Viceroy of the R\u00edo de la Plata. He was also instrumental in the Absolutist repression after the restoration of Ferdinand VII as King of Spain. For this, he was executed during the Trienio Liberal.", "Q2866": "Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko (Belarusian: \u0410\u043b\u044f\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0420\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u041b\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0448\u044d\u043d\u043a\u0430, romanized: Aliaksandr Ryhoravi\u010d Luka\u0161enka, IPA: [al\u02b2a\u02c8ksand(a)r r\u0268\u02c8\u0263\u0254rav\u02b2it\u0282 luka\u02c8\u0282\u025bnka]; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, romanized: Aleksandr Grigor'yevich Lukashenko, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr \u0261r\u02b2\u026a\u02c8\u0261or\u02b2j\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u026b\u028ak\u0250\u02c8\u0282\u025bnk\u0259]; born 30 August 1954) is a Belarusian politician serving as President of Belarus since the office was created on 20 July 1994. Before launching his political career, Lukashenko worked as director of a collective farm (kolkhoz) and spent time with the Soviet Border Troops and the Soviet Army. He was the only deputy to vote against the independence of Belarus from the Soviet Union.\nLukashenko opposed Western-backed shock therapy during the post-Soviet transition. He has supported state ownership of key industries in Belarus. Lukashenko's government has also retained much of the country's Soviet-era symbolism, especially related to the victory in the Second World War. Western opponents of Lukashenko have described Belarus as 'Europe's last dictatorship'. Since 2006, Lukashenko and other Belarusian officials have also been the subject of on-and-off sanctions imposed by the European Union and the United States for human rights violations. His supporters point to his high approval ratings, claiming that his policies are the only alternative to instability and have spared Belarus from the poverty and oligarchy seen elsewhere in the former Soviet republics.", "Q520053": "Joseph Petzval (6 January 1807 \u2013 19 September 1891) was a mathematician, inventor, and physicist best known for his work in optics. He was born in the town of Szepesb\u00e9la in the Kingdom of Hungary (in German: Zipser Bela, now Spi\u0161sk\u00e1 Bel\u00e1 in Slovakia).Petzval studied and later lectured at the Institutum Geometricum (currently Budapest University of Technology and Economics) in Buda (today part of Budapest). He headed the Institute of Practical Geometry and Hydrology/Architecture between 1841 and 1848. Later in life, he accepted an appointment to a chair of mathematics at the University of Vienna. Petzval became a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1873.\nPetzval is considered to be one of the main founders of geometrical optics, modern photography and cinematography. Among his inventions are the Petzval portrait lens and opera glasses, both still in common use today. He is also credited with the discovery of the Laplace transform and is also known for his extensive work on aberration in optical systems.", "Q236318": "Faith Ren\u00e9e Jordan (n\u00e9e Evans; born June 10, 1973) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Born in Lakeland, Florida, and raised in New Jersey, Evans relocated to Los Angeles in 1991 for a career in the music business. After working as a backing vocalist for Al B. Sure! and Christopher Williams, she became the first female artist to contract with Sean \"Puff Daddy\" Combs' Bad Boy Entertainment recording company in 1994. On the label, she featured on records with several label mates such as 112 and Carl Thomas, and released three platinum-certified studio albums between 1995 and 2001: Faith (1995), Keep the Faith (1998) and Faithfully (2001).In 2003, she ended her relationship with the company to sign with Capitol Records. Her first album released on the label, The First Lady (2005) became her highest-charting album at the time, reaching the top of the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts, while the holiday album A Faithful Christmas, released the same year, would become her last release before the company was bought in 2007. Following a longer hiatus, Evans released her fifth album Something About Faith on the independent label Prolific and Entertainment One Music in 2010. With a career spanning two decades, Evans has sold over 18 million records worldwide.Other than her recording career, Evans is most known as the widow of New York rapper Christopher \"The Notorious B.I.G.\" Wallace, whom she married on August 4, 1994, a few months after meeting at a Bad Boy photoshoot. The turbulent marriage resulted in Evans' involvement in the East Coast\u2013West Coast hip hop rivalry, dominating the rap music news at the time, and ended with Wallace's murder in an unsolved drive-by shooting in Los Angeles on March 9, 1997. A 1997 tribute single featuring Puff Daddy and the band 112, named \"I'll Be Missing You\", won Evans a Grammy Award in 1998. Also an actress and writer, Evans made her screen debut in the 2000 musical drama Turn It Up by Robert Adetuyi. Her autobiography Keep the Faith: A Memoir was released by Grand Central Publishing in 2008 and won a 2009 African American Literary Award for the Best Biography/Memoir category.", "Q539502": "Tonight Alive is an Australian rock band from Sydney, Australia. As of 2018, the band consists of lead vocalist Jenna McDougall, guitarist Jake Hardy, bassist Cameron Adler and drummer Matt Best.\nFormed in 2008 by Hardy, Adler and Whakaio Taahi, soon joined by McDougall and Best, Tonight Alive recorded and self-released the EPs All Shapes & Disguises and Consider This. In 2010, Tonight Alive signed to both Fearless Records and Sony Music Entertainment Australia and released their 2011 debut album What Are You So Scared Of?. The record was officially released in the UK and US in October 2012, a year after its initial release in Australia. Their second studio album, The Other Side, was recorded in Australia and released 6 September 2013, featuring the singles Lonely Girl and Come Home. It debuted on the ARIA Albums Chart at No. 5. The band contributed the song \"The Edge\" to The Amazing Spider-Man 2 Soundtrack. The band released \"Human Interaction\" on 30 October 2015, followed by their third album, Limitless, which debuted to mixed response on 4 March 2016. Lead guitarist and songwriter Whakaio Taahi departed the group in late 2017, shortly after the band finished recording their fourth album, Underworld, which was released on 12 January 2018.\nTonight Alive have been listed as one of the top 10 Australian bands in 2010 on American rock radio station KROQ. They consistently tour year-long.\n\n", "Q112570": "Otto Redlich (November 4, 1896 \u2013 August 14, 1978) was an Austrian physical chemist and chemical engineer who is best known for his development of equations of state like Redlich-Kwong equation. Besides this he had numerous other contributions to science. He won the Haitinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1932.\n\n", "Q613347": "Petr Hru\u0161ka (born 7 June 1964) is a Czech poet, screenwriter, literary critic and academic.", "Q28170": "Maximillian Michael Brooks (born May 22, 1972) is an American actor and author. He is the son of comedy filmmaker Mel Brooks and actress Anne Bancroft. Much of Brooks's writing focuses on zombie stories. He is a lecturer at the Modern War Institute at West Point, New York.", "Q11929": "The canton of Solothurn or canton of Soleure (German: Kanton Solothurn) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the northwest of Switzerland. The capital is Solothurn.", "Q261240": "The Land of Sannikov (Russian: \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, romanized: Zemlya Sannikova) is a Soviet 1974 adventure film about the fictional Sannikov Land loosely based on the novel of the same name by Vladimir Obruchev.\n\n", "Q102763": "Willi van Ooyen (born 23 February 1947 in Weeze) is a German politician of the socialist Linke Party, and current leader of the Linke party's bloc in the Hessian Landtag. He is a self-described \"Marxist\".", "Q128820": "Marie Dubois (born Claudine Lucie Pauline Huz\u00e9; 12 January 1937 \u2013 15 October 2014) was a Parisian-born French actress.", "Q6735122": "Mai Ghoussoub (Arabic: \u0645\u064a \u063a\u0635\u0648\u0628\u200e) (2 November 1952 in Beirut \u2013 17 February 2007 in London) was a Lebanese writer, artist, publisher and human rights activist. She was the co-founder of the Saqi bookshop and publishing house.", "Q91697": "Sabine Verheyen (born 24 October 1964) is a German architect and politician who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since 2009. She is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.", "Q1049771": "\u014coku: The Inner Chambers (\u5927\u5965, \u014coku) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Fumi Yoshinaga. The plot follows an alternate history of early modern Japan in which an unknown disease kills most of the male population, leading to a matriarchal society in which the \u014coku becomes a harem of men serving the now female sh\u014dgun.\nThe manga has been serialized in Hakusensha's josei magazine Melody since 2005. Hakusensha has released thirteen tank\u014dbon volumes to date, starting in September 29, 2005. The manga is licensed in North America by Viz Media and in Taiwan by Sharp Point Press. In addition to winning an Excellence Prize at the 2006 Japan Media Arts Festival and a special prize at The Japanese Association of Feminist Science Fiction and Fantasy's fifth annual Sense of Gender Awards in 2005, the manga was nominated for the first annual Manga Taish\u014d in 2008 and three times for the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize before winning the Grand Prize in April 2009. It was adapted into a live action film in 2010 and it was adapted into a drama series and another live action film in 2012.", "Q361532": "Paolo Flores d'Arcais (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8pa\u02d0olo \u02c8fl\u0254\u02d0rez dar\u02c8kais]; born in Cervignano del Friuli, on 11 July 1944) is an Italian philosopher and journalist, editor of the magazine MicroMega. He contributes to Il Fatto Quotidiano, El Pa\u00eds, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and Gazeta Wyborcza. \nPhilosophers who have influenced his work include Albert Camus and Hannah Arendt.\nHe was one of the main promoters of the Italian girotondi movement in 2002.", "Q235611": "Princess Yekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova-Dashkova (Russian: \u0415\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430-\u0414\u0430\u0301\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430; 28 March [17 March O.S.] 1743 \u2013 15 January [4 January O.S.] 1810) was the closest female friend of Empress Catherine the Great and a major figure of the Russian Enlightenment. She was part of a coup d'etat that placed Catherine on the throne. Vorontsova-Dashkova was the first woman in the world to head a national academy of sciences and helped found the Russian Academy. She also published prolifically, with original and translated works on many subjects.", "Q182605": "Buddhadev Das Gupta (1 February 1933 \u2013 15 January 2018) was an Indian classical musician who played the sarod. He used to reside in Kolkata, India. He was one of the artists featured in Nimbus Records' The Raga Guide.", "Q1536420": "The L\u00e4uferbrunnen (Runner Fountain) is a fountain on L\u00e4uferplatz in the Old City of Bern, Switzerland. It is a Swiss Cultural Property of National Significance and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Old City of Bern.", "Q25454": "Black Box BRD is a 2001 German documentary film written and directed by Andres Veiel. The film deals with West German politics of the 1970s and 1980s, a period marked by turmoil and the highly publicized activities of the left-wing terrorist group known as the Red Army Faction (RAF).The film focuses on the lives and deaths of Alfred Herrhausen, a prominent banker and chairman of the Deutsche Bank who was assassinated in 1989, and Wolfgang Grams, member of RAF who was a suspect in the attack on Herrhausen and who later shot himself in the head while being chased by the German police in 1993. A number of relatives, friends, and colleagues of both men were interviewed for the film.\nIn Germany the film was released in May 2001, and then re-released in September 2002. It was screened at a number of festivals and won several awards in 2001 and 2002, including the 2002 German Film Award for Best Documentary Film and the 2001 European Film Award.In the United States the film was shown on PBS, retitled as Black Box Germany.\n\n", "Q631680": "Herberto Helder de Oliveira (Funchal, S\u00e3o Pedro, November 23, 1930 \u2013 Cascais, March 23, 2015) was a Portuguese poet often considered the most important Portuguese poet of the second half of the 20th century.\n\n", "Q449797": "Donald Bengtsson Hamilton (March 24, 1916 \u2013 November 20, 2006) was an American writer of novels, short stories, and non-fiction about the outdoors. His novels consist mostly of paperback originals, principally spy fiction, but also crime fiction and westerns, such as The Big Country. He is best known for his long-running Matt Helm series (1960-1993), which chronicles the adventures of an undercover counter-agent/assassin working for a secret American government agency. The noted critic Anthony Boucher wrote: \"Donald Hamilton has brought to the spy novel the authentic hard realism of Dashiell Hammett; and his stories are as compelling, and probably as close to the sordid truth of espionage, as any now being told.\"", "Q610896": "Erick Benzi (born 1 March 1959 in Marseille, France) is a French musician, songwriter, composer and record producer.\nHe is the former member of group Canada (formed by Jacques Veneruso, Gildas Arzel and Gwenn Arzel). Benzi is one of biggest and the most requested Francophone producers. Since 1990s, he had produced albums of many famed singers such Jean-Jacques Goldman, Celine Dion, Anggun and others. Benzi owns a recording studio in Le Bateau-Lune. He is also the editor of the company Erk Music.\nIn 2007, Benzi became a member of group El Club with Gildas Arzel, Christian Seguret, and Michael Jones.", "Q225402": "Arnold K\u00e4ch (February 4, 1914 \u2013 November 24, 1998) was a Swiss military officer, skier, ski official and writer.", "Q382871": "Russian Disco (German: Russendisko) is a 2012 German comedy film based on the eponymous novel by Wladimir Kaminer.", "Q73612": "Fiona Shaw (born Fiona Mary Wilson; 10 July 1958) is an Irish actress and theatre and opera director. She is known for her role as Petunia Dursley in the Harry Potter film series (2001\u201310), as Marnie Stonebrook on season four of the HBO series True Blood (2011), and as Carolyn Martens on the BBC America series Killing Eve (2018\u2013present), for which she won the 2019 BAFTA TV Award for Best Supporting Actress. For her performances in the second seasons of Killing Eve and the comedy-drama Fleabag, Shaw received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series and Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series respectively.Shaw has worked extensively with the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National Theatre. She won the 1990 Olivier Award for Best Actress for various roles, including Electra, the 1994 Olivier Award for Best Actress for Machinal, and the 1997 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Solo Performance for The Waste Land. Her other stage work includes playing the title role in Medea in the West End and on Broadway (2001\u201302). She was awarded an Honorary CBE in 2001.", "Q982709": "Michael James Hucknall (born 8 June 1960) is an English singer and songwriter. Hucknall achieved international fame in the 1980s as the lead singer and songwriter of the soul-influenced pop band Simply Red, with whom he enjoyed a 25-year career and sold over 50 million albums. Hucknall was described by Australian music magazine Rhythms as \"one of the truly great blue-eyed soul singers\", while Q credited him with \"the most prodigious voice this side of Motown\".", "Q243787": "Gregory Palamas (Greek: \u0393\u03c1\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c2; c. 1296 \u2013 1357 or 1359) was a Byzantine Greek prominent theologian and ecclesiastical figure of the late Byzantine period. A monk of Mount Athos (modern Greece) and later archbishop of Thessaloniki, he is famous for his defense of hesychast spirituality, the uncreated character of the light of the Transfiguration, and the distinction between God's essence and energies (i.e., the divine will, divine grace, etc.). His teaching unfolded over the course of three major controversies, (1) with the Italo-Greek Barlaam between 1336 and 1341, (2) with the monk Gregory Akindynos between 1341 and 1347, and (3) with the philosopher Gregoras, from 1348 to 1355. His theological contributions are sometimes referred to as Palamism, and his followers as Palamites.\nGregory is venerated since 1368 as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church; some Byzantine Catholic Churches, which form part of the communion of the Catholic Church, also venerate him. (He has also been called a saint, and repeatedly cited as a great theological writer, by Pope John Paul II.) Some of his writings are collected in the Philokalia, and since the Ottoman period, the second Sunday of Great Lent is dedicated to the memory Gregory Palamas in the Orthodox Church. The Byzantine Synodikon of Orthodoxy also celebrates his memory and theology while condemning his opponents, including some anti-Palamites who flourished after Gregory's death.", "Q1422441": "Minoru Miki (\u4e09\u6728 \u7a14 Miki Minoru; 16 March 1930 \u2013 8 December 2011) was a Japanese composer and artistic director, particularly known for his promotional activities in favor of Japanese (as well as Chinese and Korean) traditional instruments and some of their performers.", "Q100612": "Ewald von Demandowsky (21 October 1906 \u2013 7 October 1946) was a German film producer who held the office of a Nazi German Reichsfilmdramaturg and was head of production at the Tobis Film company in the Third Reich.", "Q438608": "Vera Ralston (born V\u011bra Helena Hrub\u00e1; July 12, 1920 \u2013 February 9, 2003) was a Czech figure skater and actress. She later became a naturalized American citizen. She worked as an actress during the 1940s and 1950s.", "Q110401": "Cornelius \"Corny\" Littmann (born 21 November 1952) is a German entrepreneur, entertainer, theater owner (Schmidt Theater). He served as President (2002\u20132010) of the football club FC St. Pauli.\n\n", "Q476201": "Coronatus is a German gothic metal band, formed in Ludwigsburg, Germany in 1999.\nFronted by two female singers with contrasting voices and styles, the band has released eight studio albums since 2007. Recreatio Carminis and Secrets of Nature are the only albums so far to feature three female singers.", "Q346833": "Ian Marcus Wolfe (November 4, 1896 \u2013 January 23, 1992) was an American character actor with around 400 film and television credits. Until 1934, he worked in the theatre. That year, he appeared in his first film role and later television, as a character actor. His career lasted seven decades and included many classic films and TV series; his last screen credit was in 1990.", "Q274895": "8 Women (French: 8 femmes) is a 2002 French dark comedy musical film, written and directed by Fran\u00e7ois Ozon. Based on the 1958 play by Robert Thomas, it features an ensemble cast of high-profile French actresses that includes Danielle Darrieux, Catherine Deneuve, Isabelle Huppert, Emmanuelle B\u00e9art, Fanny Ardant, Virginie Ledoyen, Ludivine Sagnier, and Firmine Richard. Revolving around an eccentric family of women and their employees in the 1950s, the film follows eight women as they gather to celebrate Christmas in an isolated, snowbound cottage only to find Marcel, the family patriarch, dead with a knife in his back. Trapped in the house, every woman becomes a suspect, each having her own motive and secret.\nOzon initially envisioned a remake of George Cukor's film The Women (1939), but eventually settled on Thomas's Huit femmes after legal obstacles prevented him from doing so. Drawing inspiration from Cukor's screwball comedies of the late 1930s and the 1950s work of directors such as Douglas Sirk, Vincente Minnelli, and Alfred Hitchcock, 8 Women blends farce, melodrama, musical, and murder-mystery film while addressing murder, greed, adultery, and homosexuality. Set primarily in the entry hall of a manor house, the film recreates much of the play's original theatrical feel. It also serves as a pastiche of and homage to the history of film and the actresses' filmographies.\nThe film's premiere was held on 8 January 2002 in Paris, where filming had taken place. 8 Women competed for the Golden Bear at the 52nd Berlin International Film Festival, where its all-female cast was awarded a Silver Bear for outstanding artistic contribution. Released to generally positive reviews, with major praise for the stars, the film was nominated for twelve C\u00e9sar Awards, including Best Film. At the 2002 European Film Awards, the film was nominated for six awards, including Best Film and Best Director; it won for Best Actress for the eight principal actresses. It was also selected as the French entry for the Best Foreign Language Film category at the 75th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.", "Q426436": "Heart Like a Wheel is a 1983 biographical film directed by Jonathan Kaplan and based on the life of drag racing driver Shirley Muldowney. It stars Bonnie Bedelia as Shirley Muldowney and Beau Bridges as drag racing driver Connie Kalitta.\nThe film garnered two award nominations: Bedelia for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama, and William Theiss for an Oscar for Best Costume Design.", "Q65716": "Siat is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Siat, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu and Rueun merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.", "Q275553": "Changeling is a 2008 American mystery crime drama film directed, produced, and scored by Clint Eastwood and written by J. Michael Straczynski, that explores child endangerment, female disempowerment, political corruption, mistreatment of mental health patients, and the repercussions of violence. The script was based on real-life events, specifically the 1928 Wineville Chicken Coop Murders in Mira Loma, California. The film stars Angelina Jolie as a woman united with a boy who she realizes is not her missing son. When she tries to demonstrate this to the police and city authorities, she is vilified as delusional, labeled as an unfit mother, and confined to a psychiatric ward.\nWorking in 1983 as a special correspondent for the now defunct TV-Cable Week magazine, Straczynski first encountered the story of Christine Collins and her son from a Los Angeles City Hall contact. Over the ensuing years he kept researching the story, but never felt he was ready to tackle it. Out of television writing for several years and practically blacklisted in the industry because he was considered difficult to work with, he returned to researching and then finally writing the story in 2006. Almost all of the film's script was drawn from thousands of pages of documentation. His first draft became the shooting script; it was his first film screenplay to be produced. Ron Howard had intended to direct the film, but scheduling conflicts led to his replacement by Eastwood. Howard and his Imagine Entertainment partner Brian Grazer produced Changeling alongside Malpaso Productions' Robert Lorenz and Eastwood. Universal Pictures financed and distributed the film.\nSeveral actors campaigned for the leading role; ultimately, Eastwood decided that Jolie's face would suit the 1920s period setting. The film also stars Jeffrey Donovan, Jason Butler Harner, John Malkovich, Michael Kelly, and Amy Ryan. While some characters are composites, most are based on actual people. Principal photography, which began on October 15, 2007, and concluded a few weeks later in December, took place in Los Angeles and other locations in southern California. Actors and crew noted that Eastwood's low-key direction resulted in a calm set and short working days. In post-production, scenes were supplemented with computer-generated skylines, backgrounds, vehicles and people.\nChangeling premiered to critical acclaim at the 61st Cannes Film Festival on May 20, 2008. Additional festival screenings preceded a limited release in the United States on October 24, 2008, followed by a general release in North America on October 31, 2008; in the United Kingdom on November 26, 2008; and in Australia on February 5, 2009. Critical reaction was more mixed than at Cannes. While the acting and story were generally praised, the film's \"conventional staging\" and \"lack of nuance\" were criticized. Changeling earned $113 million in box-office revenue worldwide \u2013 of which $35.7 million came from the United States and Canada \u2013 and received nominations in three Oscar and eight BAFTA Award categories.", "Q71763": "Alexander Sebastian L\u00e9once, Baron von der Wenge, Count Lambsdorff (born 5 November 1966), commonly known as Alexander, Count Lambsdorff (German: Alexander Graf Lambsdorff) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. He has served as a Member of the Bundestag (MP) and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany.\nA member of the noble Lambsdorff family, he holds an Imperial Russian comital title.\n\n", "Q708015": "Jeff Waters (born February 13, 1966) is a Canadian guitarist and founder of the metal band Annihilator. He was born and resides in Ottawa, Ontario. Waters has owned Watersound Studios Inc. since 1994 (where it was in Maple Ridge, British Columbia) and from 2003 until 2018, in Ottawa, Ontario, and now in the U.K.", "Q115579": "Karl Kobelt (1 August 1891, St. Gallen \u2013 6 January 1968) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council.\n\nHe was elected to the Federal Council on 10 December 1940 and handed over office on 31 December 1954. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party.\nDuring his time in office he held the Military Department. On 2 December 1944 Kobelt contacted Brigadier General B. R. Legge related to internees, among others in the Wauwilermoos internment camp near Luzern. Kobelt was President of the Confederation twice in 1946 and 1952.", "Q164380": "Bethlehem is a city in Lehigh and Northampton counties in the Lehigh Valley region of the eastern portion of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 74,982, making it the seventh largest city in Pennsylvania, after Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, Reading, and Scranton. Of this, 55,639 were in Northampton County, and 19,343 were in Lehigh County.\nBethlehem lies in the center of the Lehigh Valley, a region of 731 sq mi (1,890 km2) that is home to more than 800,000 people. Together with Allentown and Easton, the Valley embraces the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metropolitan area, including Lehigh, Northampton, and Carbon counties within Pennsylvania, and Warren County in the adjacent state of New Jersey. Smaller than Allentown but larger than Easton, Bethlehem is the Lehigh Valley's second most populous city. In turn, this metropolitan area comprises Pennsylvania's third-largest metropolitan area and the state's largest and most populous contribution to the greater New York City metropolitan area.\nThere are four general sections of the city: central Bethlehem, the south side, the east side, and the west side. Each of these sections blossomed at different times in the city's development and each contains areas recognized under the National Register of Historic Places. ZIP codes that use the address Bethlehem totaled 116,000 in population in the year 2000. These ZIP codes include Bethlehem Township and Hanover Township.\nThe Norfolk Southern Railway's Lehigh Line (formerly the main line of the Lehigh Valley Railroad), runs through Bethlehem heading east to Easton, Pennsylvania and Phillipsburg, New Jersey across the Delaware River. The Norfolk Southern Railway's Reading Line runs through Bethlehem heading west to Allentown and Reading.", "Q261526": "Margaret Foster (born May 10, 1948) is an American actress who had roles in the TV miniseries version of The Scarlet Letter and the films Ticket to Heaven, The Osterman Weekend, and They Live among many other projects.", "Q208590": "Dame Kristin Ann Scott Thomas (born 24 May 1960) is an English-French actress. Five times a BAFTA Award nominee and five-times Olivier Award nominee, she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) and the Olivier Award for Best Actress in 2008 for the Royal Court revival of The Seagull. She was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for The English Patient (1996).\nScott Thomas made her film debut in the Prince-directed Under the Cherry Moon (1986), and won the Evening Standard Film Award for Most Promising Newcomer for A Handful of Dust (1988). Her work includes Bitter Moon (1992), Mission: Impossible (1996), The Horse Whisperer (1998), Gosford Park (2001), The Valet (2006), and Tell No One (2007). She won the European Film Award for Best Actress for Philippe Claudel's I've Loved You So Long (2008). Her other films include, Leaving (2009), Love Crime (2010), Sarah's Key (2010) Nowhere Boy (2010), Only God Forgives (2013), Darkest Hour (2017), and Tomb Raider (2018).", "Q3215817": "Lachlan Keith Murdoch (; born 8 September 1971) is an Australian-British-American businessman and mass media heir. He is the executive chairman of Nova Entertainment, co-chairman of News Corp, executive chairman and CEO of the Fox Corporation, the founder of Australian investment company Illyria Pty Ltd, and a director of Sydney's Museum of Contemporary Art.", "Q174193": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. It existed until the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922 and the later renaming of the country to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927.\nThe United Kingdom, having financed the European coalition that defeated France during the Napoleonic Wars, developed a large Royal Navy that enabled the British Empire to become the foremost world power for the next century. The Crimean War with Russia was a relatively small operation in a century where Britain was largely at peace with the Great Powers. Rapid industrialisation that began in the decades prior to the state's formation continued up until the mid-19th century. The Great Irish Famine, exacerbated by government inaction in the mid-19th century, led to demographic collapse in much of Ireland and increased calls for Irish land reform.\nThe 19th century was an era of rapid economic modernisation and growth of industry, trade and finance, in which Britain largely dominated the world economy. Outward migration was heavy to the principal British overseas possessions and to the United States. The empire was expanded into most parts of Africa and much of South Asia. The Colonial Office and India Office ruled through a small number of administrators who managed the units of the empire locally, while democratic institutions began to develop. British India, by far the most important overseas possession, saw a short-lived revolt in 1857. In overseas policy, the central policy was free trade, which enabled British and Irish financiers and merchants to operate successfully in many otherwise independent countries, as in South America. London formed no permanent military alliances until the early 20th century, when it began to cooperate with Japan, France and Russia, and moved closer to the United States.\nGrowing desire for Irish self-governance led to the Irish War of Independence, which resulted in most of Ireland seceding from the Union and forming the Irish Free State in 1922. Northern Ireland remained part of the Union, and the state was renamed to the current United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927. The modern-day United Kingdom is the same country\u2014a direct continuation of what remained after Ireland's secession\u2014not an entirely new successor state.", "Q664871": "Saosin is an American rock band formed in Orange County, California in 2003. The band released their first EP, Translating the Name in 2003. That same year original vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin due to personal reasons. In 2004, Cove Reber replaced Green as vocalist after auditioning for the role. With Reber the group recorded its self titled debut album which was released on Capitol Records on September 26, 2006. Their second studio album, In Search of Solid Ground, was released on September 8, 2009 on Virgin Records and contains three re-recorded tracks from The Grey EP. In 2010, Reber was dismissed from the band. In 2013, the band reformed with all original members, except Zach, and began touring. They released Along the Shadow, their third studio album and first studio album with original vocalist Anthony Green, on May 20, 2016 through Epitaph Records.", "Q10389": "Bandung () is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia. Based on the 2015 estimate, it is Indonesia's fourth most populous city after Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bekasi with over 2.5 million inhabitants. Greater Bandung is the country's third-largest metropolitan area with over 8.5 million inhabitants. Located 768 metres (2,520 feet) above sea level, approximately 140 kilometres (87 miles) southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler year-round temperatures than most other Indonesian cities. The city lies on a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains that provides a natural defence system, which was the primary reason for the Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the capital from Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) to Bandung.\nThe Dutch first established tea plantations around the mountains in the 18th century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the colonial capital Batavia (180 kilometres (112 miles) to the northwest). In the early 20th century the Dutch inhabitants of Bandung demanded the establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, caf\u00e9s, and European boutiques were opened, leading the city to be nicknamed Parijs van Java (Dutch: \"The Paris of Java\").\nAfter Indonesia declared independence in 1945, the city experienced has experienced ongoing development and urbanisation, transforming from an idyllic town into a dense 16,500 people/km2 (per square kilometre) metropolitan area with living space for over 8 million people. New skyscrapers, high-rise buildings, bridges, and gardens have been constructed. Natural resources have been heavily exploited, particularly by conversion of the protected upland area into highland villas and real estate. Although the city has encountered many problems (ranging from waste disposal and floods, to a complicated traffic system resulting from a lack of road infrastructure), it still attracts large numbers of tourists, weekend sightseers, and migrants from other parts of Indonesia. In 2017 the city won a regional environmental sustainability award for having the cleanest air among major cities in ASEAN. The city is also known as a Smart City, leveraging technology to improve government services and social media, that alert residents to issues such as floods or traffic jams.The first Asian-African Conference, the Bandung Conference, was hosted in Bandung by President Sukarno in 1955. Redevelopment of the existing Bandung international airport (BDO) was completed in 2016. To improve infrastructure, the construction of a Jakarta-Bandung High-speed rail was started in 2016, with projected completion in 2020. This is to be complemented by an indigenous type of Automated People Mover (APM) and Light Rail Transit (LRT). The new larger second airport, Bandung Kertajati International Airport, opened in June 2018.\n\n", "Q246199": "Garches (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0261a\u0281\u0283]) is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 11.9 km (7.4 mi) from the centre of Paris.\nGarches has remained largely residential, but is also the location of Raymond Poincar\u00e9 University Hospital, which specialises in traumatology, road accidents and physiotherapy.", "Q180774": "A dystopia (from Ancient Greek \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3- \"bad\" and \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \"place\"; alternatively, cacotopia, kakotopia, or simply anti-utopia) is a community or society that is undesirable or frightening. It is translated as \"bad place\" and is an antonym of utopia, a term that was coined by Sir Thomas More and figures as the title of his best known work, published 1516, a blueprint for an ideal society with minimal crime, violence and poverty.\nDystopias are often characterized by dehumanization, tyrannical governments, environmental disaster, or other characteristics associated with a cataclysmic decline in society. Dystopian societies appear in many fictional works and artistic representations particularly in stories set in the future. Some of the most famous examples are George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451. Dystopian societies appear in many sub-genres of fiction and are often used to draw attention to society, environment, politics, economics, religion, psychology, ethics, science or technology. Some authors use the term to refer to existing societies, many of which are or have been totalitarian states or societies in an advanced state of collapse.\nSome scholars, such as Gregory Claeys and Lyman Tower Sargent, make certain distinctions between typical synonyms of dystopias. For example, Claeys and Sargent define literary dystopias as societies imagined as substantially worse than the society in which the author writes, whereas anti-utopias function as criticisms of attempts to implement various concepts of utopia.\nIn his Dystopia: A Natural History (Oxford University Press, 2017) Claeys offers a more nuanced and historical approach to these definitions. Here the tradition is traced from early reactions to the French Revolution. Its commonly anti-collectivist character is stressed, and the addition of other themes (the dangers of science and technology, of social inequality, of corporate dictatorship, of nuclear war) are also traced.", "Q221102": "28 Weeks Later is a 2007 apocalyptic horror film directed by Juan Carlos Fresnadillo, who co-wrote it with Rowan Joff\u00e9, Enrique L\u00f3pez-Lavigne, and Jesus Olmo. A sequel to the 2002 film 28 Days Later, it stars Robert Carlyle, Rose Byrne, Jeremy Renner, Harold Perrineau, Catherine McCormack, Imogen Poots, and Idris Elba. It is set after the events of the first film, depicting the efforts of NATO military forces to salvage a safe zone in London, the consequence of two young siblings breaking protocol to find their infected mother, and the resulting reintroduction of the Rage Virus to the safe zone.\n28 Weeks Later was released on 11 May 2007, in the United Kingdom by 20th Century Fox and in the United States by Fox Atomic. Like its predecessor, the film received positive reviews from critics, with many praising the performances, atmosphere, and screenplay. It grossed $64 million against a $15 million budget.", "Q77312": "Willibald Alexis, the pseudonym of Georg Wilhelm Heinrich H\u00e4ring (29 June 1798 \u2013 16 December 1871), was a German historical novelist, considered part of the Young Germany movement.", "Q173824": "Anthony Robert Dorigo (born 31 December 1965) is a former professional footballer who played as a defender from 1983 to 2001.\nHe played club football for Aston Villa, Chelsea, Leeds United, Torino, Derby County and Stoke City and, although born and raised in Australia, represented the England national team.", "Q114667": "Sarah Wiener (born 27 August 1962) is a German-Austrian entrepreneur, TV chef, and politician who was elected to the European Parliament in 2019.", "Q152632": "Johnny Reed McKinzie Jr. (born March 31, 1985), better known by his stage name Jay Rock, is an American rapper and songwriter from Watts, California. Rock ultimately chose to pursue a career as a rapper over a life of street crime. Anthony Tiffith, the founder and CEO of the independent record label Top Dawg Entertainment (TDE), found Rock in 2005 and signed him to the label. In 2007, alongside TDE, Rock secured a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records and later Asylum Records, but mergers fell through and Rock ended up leaving the label shortly after. He then signed with Tech N9ne's Strange Music, in a joint-venture record deal.Since 2006, Rock has released several mixtapes and first becoming known for his 2008 commercial debut single, \"All My Life (In the Ghetto)\", which features fellow American rappers Lil Wayne and will.i.am. Apart from his solo career, Rock is also known for being a member of the hip hop supergroup Black Hippy, alongside fellow West Coast rappers and TDE label-mates Kendrick Lamar, Schoolboy Q and Ab-Soul. In 2011, after signing his joint-venture deal with Strange Music, Rock's often-delayed and long-awaited debut studio album, Follow Me Home, was released in July of that year. The album was supported by the singles \"All My Life (In the Ghetto)\" and \"Hood Gone Love It\". His second studio album 90059 was released in September 2015. It was supported by the singles \"Money Trees Deuce\", \"Gumbo\" and the title track. In June 2018, Rock released his third studio album Redemption. He would end up winning a Grammy award for the album's single \"King's Dead\". All three albums have achieved relative critical and commercial success.", "Q818623": "Beppe Sebaste (Italian pronunciation: [b\u025bp.p\u025b s\u025b:.ba's.te]; born 3 June 1959 in Parma) is an Italian writer, poet, translator, and journalist.\nGraduated in aesthetics at the University of Bologna with Luciano Anceschi, he received his PhD from the same university, then moved to Geneva, Paris, and Pietrasanta. He currently lives between Rome and a small town in Umbria, Italy.\nAmong his books, H. P. tells the inner story of Henri Paul, the driver involved in the Death of Diana, Princess of Wales; Porte senza porta (expanded as Il libro dei maestri, aka \"the book of teachers\" meaning in several and various disciplines) is a collection of personal meetings and some conversations which includes Bruno Hussar, Taizan Maezumi, Bruno Munari, Terry Riley, Steve Paxton, Alessandro Fersen, Daniel de Montmollin, Emmanuel Levinas, Luigi Ghirri, Elisabeth Bing, Raimon Panikkar, Mary Catherine Bateson, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric de Towarnicki, and others. In 2004, he continued the meetings in a radio programme by Rai Radio 3, including Aldo Gargani, Alejandro Jodorowsky, Giulia Niccolai, etc.\nHe writes for newspapers such as L'Unit\u00e0 and la Repubblica.", "Q471546": "John Richard Pilger (; born 9 October 1939) is an Australian journalist, writer, and documentary filmmaker. He has been mainly based in Britain since 1962.Pilger is a strong critic of American, Australian, and British foreign policy, which he considers to be driven by an imperialist and colonialist agenda. Pilger has also criticised his native country's treatment of Indigenous Australians. He first drew international attention for his reports on the Cambodian genocide.His career as a documentary film maker began with The Quiet Mutiny (1970), made during one of his visits to Vietnam, and has continued with over 50 documentaries since. Other works in this form include Year Zero (1979), about the aftermath of the Pol Pot regime in Cambodia, and Death of a Nation: The Timor Conspiracy (1993). His many documentary films on indigenous Australians include The Secret Country (1985) and Utopia (2013). In the British print media, Pilger worked at the Daily Mirror from 1963 to 1986, and wrote a regular column for the New Statesman magazine from 1991 to 2014.\nPilger won Britain's Journalist of the Year Award in 1967 and 1979. His documentaries have gained awards in Britain and worldwide, including multiple BAFTA honors. The practices of the mainstream media are a regular subject in Pilger's writing.", "Q55825": "V\u00e1clav Cafourek (4 April 1911 in Prague, Austria-Hungary \u2013 6 November 1976 in Prague, Czechoslovakia), commonly known under his pen name of V\u00e1clav \u010ctvrtek was a Czech poet and author. His most famous works include K\u0159em\u00edlek and Vochom\u016frka, Rumcajs, Manka and Cip\u00edsek, and V\u00edla Am\u00e1lka. He primarily wrote fairy tales for children, and some of his works have been adapted on the Czech children's television program Ve\u010dern\u00ed\u010dek. On 4 April 2011 Google celebrated his 100th birthday by replacing the original Google logo with a doodle celebrating his works for a day on Google Czech Republic.", "Q982047": "Edward Granville Browne, FBA (7 February 1862 \u2013 5 January 1926) was a British orientalist. He published numerous articles and books, mainly in the areas of history and literature.\n\n", "Q5629067": "The HB Studio (Herbert Berghof Studio) is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization offering professional training in the performing arts through classes, workshops, free lectures, theater productions, theater rentals, a theater artist residency program, as well as full-time study through their International Student Program and Uta Hagen Institute.Located in Greenwich Village, New York City, HB Studio offers training and development to aspiring and professional artists in a variety of areas, including acting, directing, playwriting, musical theatre, movement and the body, dialect study (speech and voice), scene study analysis, screenwriting and classes for young people. Select classes require an audition for admission.", "Q3335245": "Antonio Angelucci (born 16 September 1944 in Sante Marie) is an Italian politician and entrepreneur.\nAs an entrepreneur he works in healthcare (the chain of structures that belong to the San Raffaele Roman hospital), in real estate and publishing (Il Tempo, Il Corriere dell'Umbria and, through a foundation, Libero).", "Q321658": "V\u00e1clav Kaplick\u00fd (28 August 1895, Sezimovo \u00dast\u00ed \u2013 4 October 1982, Prague) was a Czech writer, journalist and epic poet. He is most known as an author of historical fiction.\nKaplick\u00fd studied at Gymnasium in T\u00e1bor, finishing in 1914. In 1915 he was sent to the front in Galicia where he was taken captive (1916). Later he joined the Czechoslovak Legion. For his political opinions he was imprisoned by the legion and labeled as a traitor. After returning to Czechoslovakia in 1921 he worked in civil service. During the period 1922\u20131950, Kaplick\u00fd worked in several publishing houses associated with the Czechoslovak Socialist Party. From 1950 he dedicated his time solely to writing.\nThe majority of Kaplick\u00fd's works are historical fictions spanning the period from the Hussite Wars in the 15th century to the revolutionary upheaval of 1848. His novel Kladivo na \u010darod\u011bjnice (1963), about witch trials in northern Moravia during the 1670s is the best known because it served as the basis for movie by Otakar V\u00e1vra (Malleus Maleficarum, also translated as Witches' Hammer or Witchhammer).", "Q64420": "Auw is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q1048321": "Master Juba (ca. 1825 \u2013 ca. 1852 or 1853) was an African-American dancer active in the 1840s. He was one of the first black performers in the United States to play onstage for white audiences and the only one of the era to tour with a white minstrel group. His real name was believed to be William Henry Lane, and he was also known as \"Boz's Juba\" following Dickens's graphic description of him in American Notes.As a teenager, he began his career in the rough saloons and dance halls of Manhattan's Five Points neighborhood, moving on to minstrel shows in the mid-1840s. \"Master Juba\" frequently challenged and defeated the best white dancers, including the period favorite, John Diamond. At the height of his American career, Juba's act featured a sequence in which he imitated a series of famous dancers of the day and closed by performing in his own style. Being a black man, he appeared with minstrel troupes in which he imitated white minstrel dancers caricaturing black dance using the phenomenon Blackface. Even with his success in America, his greatest success came in England.In 1848 \"Boz's Juba\" traveled to London with the Ethiopian Serenaders, an otherwise white minstrel troupe. Boz's Juba became a sensation in Britain for his dance style. He was a critical favorite and the most written about performer of the 1848 season. Nevertheless, an element of exploitation followed him through the British Isles, with writers treating him as an exhibit on display. Records next place Juba in both Britain and America in the early 1850s. His American critics were less kind, and Juba faded from the limelight. He died in 1852 or 1853, likely from overwork and malnutrition. He was largely forgotten by historians until a 1947 article by Marian Hannah Winter resurrected his story.\nExisting documents offer confused accounts of Juba's dancing style, but certain themes emerge: it was percussive, varied in tempo, lightning-fast at times, expressive, and unlike anything seen before. The dance likely incorporated both European folk steps, such as the Irish jig, and African-derived steps used by plantation slaves, such as the walkaround. Prior to Juba's career, the dance of blackface performance was more faithful to black culture than its other aspects, but as blackfaced clowns and minstrels adopted elements of his style, Juba further enhanced this authenticity. By having an effect upon blackface performance, Juba was highly influential on the development of such American dance styles as tap, jazz, and step dancing.", "Q327229": "Bernard Fresson (27 May 1931 \u2013 20 October 2002) was a French actor who primarily worked in film. \nBorn in Reims, France, to a French baker, Fresson attended the Lyc\u00e9e priv\u00e9 Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve, majoring in law. He studied in Tania Balachova's drama class in Paris and later became part of Jean Vilar's Th\u00e9\u00e2tre National Populaire at the Palais de Chaillot.He made his on-screen debut in the Alain Renais film Hiroshima mon amour as a German soldier. His notable film roles include: Gilbert in La Prisonni\u00e8re (1968), Inspector Barthelmy in John Frankenheimer's French Connection II (1974), Scope in Roman Polanski's The Tenant (1976), Francis in Gar\u00e7on! (1983), Morin in Street of No Return (1989) and Vincent Malivert in Place Vend\u00f4me (1998). He also appeared in the 1969 Costa-Gavras film Z.\nFor his roles in Gar\u00e7on! and Place Vend\u00f4me, Fresson received a C\u00e9sar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q214191": "Michael Thomas Mann (April 21, 1919 \u2013 January 1, 1977) was a German-born musician and professor of German literature.", "Q272214": "Grace Lee Whitney (April 1, 1930 \u2013 May 1, 2015) was an American actress and singer. She was known for her role as Janice Rand on the original Star Trek television series and subsequent Star Trek films.", "Q72242": "Ernest Karl Franz Joseph Thomas Friedrich von Koerber (6 November 1850 \u2013 5 March 1919) was an Austrian liberal statesman who served as Prime Minister of the Austrian portion of Austro-Hungary in 1900-1904 and 1916.", "Q34217": "Oxford ( OKS-f\u0259rd) is a university city in Oxfordshire, England, with a population of 155,000. It is 56 miles (90 km) northwest of London, 64 miles (103 km) from Birmingham and 24 miles (39 km) from Reading by road.\nThe city is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world, and has buildings in every style of English architecture from late Anglo-Saxon. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, information technology and science.\n\n", "Q2779185": "Old Occitan (Modern Occitan: occitan ancian, Catalan: occit\u00e0 antic), also called Old Proven\u00e7al, was the earliest form of the Occitano-Romance languages, as attested in writings dating from the eighth through the fourteenth centuries. Old Occitan generally includes Early and Old Occitan. Middle Occitan is sometimes included in Old Occitan, sometimes in Modern Occitan. As the term occitanus appeared around the year 1300, Old Occitan is referred to as \"Romance\" (Occitan: romans) or \"Proven\u00e7al\" (Occitan: proensals) in medieval texts.", "Q168592": "Jaime Lynn Herrera Beutler ( \"butler\"; born November 3, 1978) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for Washington's 3rd congressional district. A Republican, Herrera Beutler was appointed to the Washington House of Representatives in 2007 and elected to that body in 2008. In 2010, she was elected to represent Washington's 3rd congressional district in Congress. Herrera Beutler has since been re-elected four times, and as of the 2018 elections, is only one of two Republicans to represent a district on the United States western seaboard (the other being Don Young of Alaska). She gained national attention after her daughter was born with Potter's Syndrome.\n\n", "Q101524": "Micaela Sch\u00e4fer (born November 1, 1983) is a German actress, nude model, TV presenter, disc jockey and singer.She was Miss East Germany 2004, Miss Venus 2005, The Face of Campari 2005, and Miss Maxim 2006. She ranked eighth place in the first cycle of Germany's Next Top Model in 2006.Sch\u00e4fer is known for posing naked in various situations to attract publicity and has released an autobiography called \"Lieber nackt als gar keine Masche\" (German for \"Rather naked than no shtick\").", "Q338309": "The Swiss Reformed Church (German: Evangelisch-reformierte Kirchen der Schweiz, \"Evangelical Reformed Churches of Switzerland\") is the Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland started in Z\u00fcrich in 1519 by Huldrych Zwingli (1484\u20131531). It spread within a few years to Basel (Johannes Oecolampadius), Bern (Berchtold Haller and Niklaus Manuel), St. Gallen (Joachim Vadian), to cities in southern Germany and via Alsace (Martin Bucer) to France.\nSince 1920, the Swiss Reformed Churches have been organized in 26 member churches of the Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches. As of 2017, over two million people (out of a total population of around 8.5 million) are officially registered members of a Reformed cantonal church.", "Q66237": "Ebnat-Kappel is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q259091": "Thuy Trang (Vietnamese: Th\u00f9y Trang [t\u02b0\u02b7\u026aj\u02e8\u02e9 \u0288a\u02d0\u014b\u02e7]; December 14, 1973 \u2013 September 3, 2001) was a Vietnamese American actress. She was best known for her role as Trini Kwan, the first Yellow Ranger on the original cast of the television series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers.\nTrang's father was a South Vietnamese army officer who fled the country in 1975 after the fall of Saigon, leaving his family behind. When Trang was six, she and her mother and brothers boarded a cargo ship bound for Hong Kong, a difficult journey during which Trang became very ill. They reunited with Trang's father in the United States in 1980 and settled in California. She enrolled at the University of California, Irvine to study civil engineering, but switched her focus to acting after a film agent observed her during an introductory acting class and offered to represent her.\nTrang was chosen for Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, her first major role, after participating in an audition process that included about 500 actresses. Like the other cast members, Trang only portrayed her character in scenes when she was out of her Power Rangers uniform; the in-costume fight scenes were footage adapted from the long-running Japanese television series Super Sentai, with Trang's voice dubbed over the action. Trang appeared in 80 episodes in the series, which included the entire first season, and a portion of the second. She performed many of her own stunts, and repeatedly got hurt on the set.\nTrang left Mighty Morphin Power Rangers in the middle of the second season, along with fellow cast members Austin St. John and Walter Emanuel Jones, due to contractual and payment disputes. She had a brief appearance in the film Spy Hard (1996), and played one of the lead villains in the film The Crow: City of Angels (1996). Trang had planned to appear in several films along with St. John and Jones, but none were ultimately made. Trang died in a car accident at age 27.", "Q187033": "Sally Margaret Field (born November 6, 1946) is an American actress and director. She is the recipient of various accolades, including two Academy Awards, three Primetime Emmy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, and a Screen Actors Guild Award, and she has been nominated for a Tony Award and two BAFTA Awards.\nField began her professional career on television, starring in the short-lived comedies Gidget (1965\u20131966), The Flying Nun (1967\u20131970), and The Girl with Something Extra (1973\u20131974). In 1976, she garnered critical acclaim for her performance in the miniseries Sybil, for which she received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. Her film debut was as an extra in Moon Pilot (1962), and her movie career escalated during the 1970s with starring roles including Stay Hungry (1976), Smokey and the Bandit (1977), Heroes (1977), The End (1978), and Hooper (1978). Her career further expanded during the 1980s, receiving the Academy Award for Best Actress for both Norma Rae (1979) and Places in the Heart (1984), and she appeared in Smokey and the Bandit II (1980), Absence of Malice (1981), Kiss Me Goodbye (1982), Murphy's Romance (1985), Steel Magnolias (1989), Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), and Forrest Gump (1994).\nIn the 2000s, she returned to television with a recurring role on the NBC medical drama ER, for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2001 and the following year made her stage debut with Edward Albee's The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia?. From 2006 to 2011, she portrayed Nora Walker on the ABC television drama Brothers & Sisters, for which she received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2007. She starred as Mary Todd Lincoln in Lincoln (2012), for which she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and she portrayed Aunt May in The Amazing Spider-Man (2012) and its 2014 sequel, with the first being her highest grossing release. In 2015, she portrayed the title character in Hello, My Name Is Doris, for which she was nominated for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress in a Comedy. In 2017, she returned to the stage after an absence of 15 years with the revival of Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie for which she received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play.\nAs a director, Field is known for the television film The Christmas Tree (1996), an episode of the 1998 HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon, and the feature film Beautiful (2000). In 2014, she was presented with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and in 2019 received the Kennedy Center Honors.", "Q443292": "Kanesha Nichole Brookes (born October 5, 1984), better known by her stage name Brooke Valentine, is an American singer, actress, and model. Her single \"Girlfight\" peaked on U.S. music charts in 2005, paving the way for her debut album Chain Letter released via Subliminal Entertainment imprint on Virgin Records and went on to sell more than 290,000 units worldwide. After a first attempt at a comeback, Brooke officially returned to the spotlight in 2012 with two singles \"Forever\" and the Adult R&B Top 40 hit \"Don't Wanna Be In Love\".", "Q1394594": "SGH Warsaw School of Economics (Polish: Szko\u0142a G\u0142\u00f3wna Handlowa w Warszawie, SGH) is the oldest business school in Poland. \n\nSGH Warsaw School of Economics was founded in 1906 as a private school under the name August Zieli\u0144ski Private Trade Courses for Men. On 30 July 1919 it became a separate legal entity and was granted the status of an institution of higher education. The school was renamed Szko\u0142a G\u0142\u00f3wna Handlowa (SGH) in 1933. Following World War II SGH was nationalized and its name changed to Szko\u0142a G\u0142\u00f3wna Planowania i Statystyki (Main School of Planning and Statistics) with an abbreviation of SGPiS. The school regained its pre-war name after the fall of communism in 1991.\nSGH Warsaw School of Economics offers courses leading to bachelor's or master's degrees to both full-time and extramural students. It also offers programs for doctoral and postgraduate degrees. Its Finance and Accounting program was ranked among the Top 40 European Masters in Management by the Financial Times, 2008.SGH Warsaw School of Economics cooperates with around 200 higher education institutions around the world within student and staff exchange areas. It is also a member of the CEMS, the LLP Erasmus, the Partnership in International Management network (PIM) and the European University Association EUA.\nIt is located at the northern edge of the Mokot\u00f3w district of Warsaw. Bus and tram stops as well as the Pole Mokotowskie metro station are nearby.", "Q61558": "Arnold Ruge (13 September 1802 \u2013 31 December 1880) was a German philosopher and political writer. He was the older brother of Ludwig Ruge.", "Q29520": "China, officially the People's Republic of China, is a country in East Asia.\nChina may also refer to:", "Q312292": "Tom\u00e1s Enrique Araya D\u00edaz (Spanish pronunciation: [tom a\u027ea\u029da]; born June 6, 1961) is a Chilean-American musician, best known as the lead vocalist and bassist of the American thrash metal band Slayer. Araya is ranked fifty-eighth by Hit Parader on their list of the 100 Greatest Metal Vocalists of All Time.\nAraya was employed as a respiratory therapist in the early 1980s and used his earnings to finance Slayer's debut album Show No Mercy. Much of Araya's lyrical content is about serial killers, a subject he finds interesting; his first credited lyrical contribution was the vampire-themed track \"At Dawn They Sleep\" from 1985's Hell Awaits.", "Q71993": "Johann Phillipp Becker was born in Germany in 1809. He became a revolutionary and participated in the democratic movement in Germany and Switzerland in the 1830s and 1840s. In Baden during the 1848-1849 Baden-Palatinate revolution, Becker commanded the Baden Peoples Militia. In the 1860s he became a prominent figure in the First Workers International. Becker became a close friend and an associate of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. Becker died in 1886.", "Q67129": "Gerhard Ro\u00dfbach (28 February 1893 \u2013 30 August 1967), also spelt Rossbach, was a German Freikorps leader and organizer of nationalist groups after World War I. He is generally credited with inventing the brown uniforms of the Nazi Party after supplying surplus tropical khaki shirts to early troops of the Sturmabteilung (SA).", "Q70455": "Karl W. Steinbuch (June 15, 1917 in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt \u2013 June 4, 2005 in Ettlingen) was a German computer scientist, cyberneticist, and electrical engineer. He was an early and influential researcher of German computer science, and was the developer of the Lernmatrix, an early implementation of artificial neural networks. Steinbuch also wrote about the societal implications of modern media.\n\n", "Q189778": "Zenonas Juknevi\u010dius (born June 10, 1949) is a Lithuanian politician. In 1990 he was among those who signed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.", "Q719656": "Fasciolosis is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a neglected tropical disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates, it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because the worm eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, or radiological diagnosis, as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because the worm eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9\u201311 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity, and as concentration drops after treatment, it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite, as adult F. hepatica: 20\u201330 \u00d7 13 mm (0.79\u20131.18 \u00d7 0.51 inches) or adult F. gigantica: 25\u201375 \u00d7 12 mm (0.98\u20132.95 \u00d7 0.47 inches), fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both cattle (67.55%) and goats (24.61%), but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole has been highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis has also been a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild-grown watercress in Europe or morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare, even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization of the livestock, which are required to host the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development, and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the number of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden.Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.", "Q26175": "Trnava (Slovak pronunciation: [\u02c8tr\u0329na\u028ba] (listen), also known by other alternative names) is a city in western Slovakia, 47 km (29 mi) to the north-east of Bratislava, on the Trn\u00e1vka river. It is the capital of a kraj (Trnava Region) and of an okres (Trnava District). It is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishopric (1541\u20131820 and then again since 1977). The city has a historic center. Because of the many churches within its city walls, Trnava has often been called \"parva Roma\", i.e. \"Little Rome\", or more recently, the \"Slovak Rome\".", "Q538634": "Joseph Michael Poole (born August 12, 1976) is an American singer and musician best known by his stage name Wednesday 13. As well as his solo career, he is known for being the frontman of Murderdolls. He has also played in several other bands, including Maniac Spider Trash, Frankenstein Drag Queens from Planet 13, Bourbon Crow, and Gunfire 76.", "Q821934": "Slayers Special (\u30b9\u30ec\u30a4\u30e4\u30fc\u30ba\u3059\u307a\u3057\u3083\u308b, Sureiy\u0101zu supesharu), also known as Slayers: Dragon Slave, Slayers: Explosion Array and Slayers: The Book of Spells in North America, is a series of three comic fantasy themed OVA self-conclusive episodes adapted from the Slayers Special series of light-novels by Hajime Kanzaka, serving as a part of the prequel to the main Slayers saga. The three episodes were all directed by Hiroshi Watanabe and originally released separately in Japan in 1996-1997. Both Special and the second OVA series, 1998's Slayers Excellent, were directed by Watanabe and share the same soundtrack (Slayers The Motion Picture \"S\"), although each series had their own production committees and has its own opening and ending themes.\nIn the first episode, \"The Scary Chimera Plan\" (\u6050\u6016\u306e\u30ea\u30e1\u30e9\u8a08\u753b, Ky\u014dfu no rimera keikaku), Lina Inverse refuses to take place in a chimera experiment so the wizard scientist makes clones to force Lina; however, he clones Naga the Serpent instead, which leads to his downfall. In the second episode, \"Jeffrey's Knighthood\" (\u30b8\u30a7\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u541b\u306e\u9a0e\u58eb\u9053, Jefur\u012b-kun no kishid\u014d), Lina and Naga are hired to train a pathetic yet overconfident young man by his mother, who follows him around and beats up anyone who talks negatively about her son. In the third episode, \"Mirror, Mirror\" (\u93e1\u3088\u93e1, Kagami yo, kagami), Lina and Naga are hired to find and destroy a magic mirror that makes clones of whomever is reflected; the only difference is the clones have the opposite personality of the original, as Lina and Naga personally find out.", "Q67897": "Johannes Baader (June 21/22, 1875/76 \u2013 January 14/15, 1955), originally trained as an architect, was a German writer and artist associated with Dada in Berlin.", "Q4303036": "Varvara Alekseevna Morozova (1848-1917) was a Russian industrialist. She was the daughter of Aleksey Khludov and married to Abram Abramovich Morozov and Vasily Mikhailovich Sobolevsky. She was the acting president of the Tver Manufactory Association from 1882. She was also the perhaps most famed philanthropist in Moscow and awarded with an Imperial medal for her charitable work, known particularly as the patron of the Moscow University.", "Q857": "Juan Luis Sanfuentes Andonaegui, GCTE (American Spanish: [xwan lwis sa\u0271\u02c8fwentes]; December 27, 1858 \u2013 July 16, 1930) was President of Chile between 1915 and 1920.\nSanfuentes was the son of writer and politician Salvador Sanfuentes Torres and Matilde Andonaegui. Orphaned at an early age and raised by his older brother, Enrique Salvador Sanfuentes, he trained as a lawyer at the University of Chile. He graduated with a Doctor of Law in 1879. He married Ana Echazarreta (ca. 1865\u20131927) in 1885, and the couple had five children.Rising to the position of Minister of Finance under Federico Err\u00e1zuriz Echaurren in 1901, Sanfuentes served as President of the Senate of Chile from 1906 through 1909.\nThe Chilean presidential election of 1915 developed into a bitterly contest between Sanfuentes \u2014a coalition candidate of the Liberal Democratic Party and the Conservative Party\u2014 and Javier \u00c1ngel Figueroa \u2014supported by the Liberal Alliance parties. Sanfuentes beat Figueroa by a single vote, among allegations of fraud and electoral intervention. The National Congress was called to confirm the result.\nThrough World War I Chile remained neutral. While the conflict lasted, domestic industry had one of its biggest booms, with the national industry growing 53% in those four years. But the end of the war led to a crisis of the nitrate industry, which resulted in a wave of social unrest. Sanfuentes' hard line against striking coal miners and trade unionists in the final year of his presidency was a key factor in the rise of his liberal reformer successor.After office Sanfuentes retired from public life, devoting himself to family life with his wife in his estate, Camarico.", "Q105024": "Emil Carlebach (10 July 1914, Frankfurt, Hesse-Nassau - 9 April 2001) was a Hessian Landtag member, a writer, and a journalist. He was born and died in Frankfurt am Main.", "Q8008568": "William Ellis School is a United Kingdom secondary comprehensive school for boys in Highgate, London.", "Q442832": "Hendrik Weber (born 1975), better known as Pantha du Prince, Panthel and Gl\u00fchen 4 is a German producer, composer and conceptual artist for Electro, Techno, House, Minimal and Noise affiliated with Hamburg's Dial music label and British label Rough Trade.", "Q66551": "Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, full German name: Maximilian Karl F\u00fcrst von Thurn und Taxis (3 November 1802 \u2013 10 November 1871) was the sixth Prince of Thurn and Taxis, head of the Thurn-und-Taxis-Post, and Head of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis from 15 July 1827 until his death on 10 November 1871.", "Q2287912": "Simon Adam Wolfson, Baron Wolfson of Aspley Guise (born 27 October 1967) is a British businessman and currently chief executive of the clothing retailer Next plc and a Conservative life peer. He is the son of former Next chairman David Wolfson, Baron Wolfson of Sunningdale, also a Conservative life peer. His full title, as recorded in the House of Lords (which reserves the prefix \"Right Honourable\" for members of the Privy Council) is \"The Lord Wolfson of Aspley Guise\".", "Q57954": "Thilo Sarrazin (born 12 February 1945) is a German politician (SPD), writer, senator of finance for the State of Berlin from January 2002 until April 2009, and former member of the Executive Board of the Deutsche Bundesbank until 2010.He became well known after publishing a controversial book about Muslim immigrants in Germany in 2010. In his book Deutschland schafft sich ab (Germany Abolishes Itself), he denounces the failure of Germany's post-war immigration policy, sparking a nationwide controversy about the costs and benefits of multiculturalism.", "Q153262": "Michaela McManus (born May 20, 1983) is an American actress, known for her portrayals of Lindsey Strauss on One Tree Hill, A.D.A. Kim Greylek on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, and Grace Karn on the NBC drama Aquarius.", "Q121192": "Willy Prager (23 May 1877 \u2013 4 March 1956) was a German actor, writer and Kabarett performer.", "Q617109": "James Anderson FRSE FSA(Scot) (1739 \u2013 15 October 1808) was a Scottish agriculturist, journalist and economist. A member of the Edinburgh Philosophical Society, Anderson was a prominent figure in the Scottish Enlightenment. He invented the Scotch plough.", "Q45388": "Coogan's Bluff is a 1968 American action thriller film directed and produced by Don Siegel. It stars Clint Eastwood, Susan Clark, Don Stroud, Tisha Sterling, Betty Field and Lee J. Cobb. The film marks the first of five collaborations between Siegel and Eastwood, which continued with Two Mules for Sister Sara (1970), The Beguiled (1971), Dirty Harry (1971) and Escape from Alcatraz (1979).\nEastwood plays the part of a veteran deputy sheriff from a rural county in Arizona who travels to New York City to extradite an apprehended fugitive named Jimmy Ringerman, played by Stroud, who is wanted for murder.\nThe name of the film itself is a reference to a New York City natural landmark, Coogan's Bluff, a promontory in upper Manhattan overlooking the site of the former long-time home of the New York Giants baseball club, the Polo Grounds, with a double-meaning derived from the name of the lead character.", "Q234527": "Katherine Von Drachenberg, known as Kat Von D (born March 8, 1982), is a Mexican \ntattoo artist, model, musician, author, entrepreneur, and television personality. She is best known for her work as a tattoo artist on the TLC reality television show LA Ink, which premiered in the United States on August 7, 2007, and ran for four seasons. She is also known for being the former head of Kat Von D Beauty (now KVD Vegan Beauty).", "Q157004": "Jorge Sempr\u00fan Maura (Spanish: [\u02c8xo\u027exe sem\u02c8p\u027eun]; 10 December 1923 \u2013 7 June 2011) was a Spanish writer and politician who lived in France most of his life and wrote primarily in French. From 1953 to 1962, during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, Sempr\u00fan lived clandestinely in Spain working as an organizer for the exiled Communist Party of Spain, but was expelled from the party in 1964. After the death of Franco and change to a democratic government, he served as Minister of Culture in Spain's socialist government from 1988 to 1991. He was a screenwriter for two successive films by the Greek director Costa-Gavras, Z (1969) and The Confession (1970), which dealt with the theme of persecution by governments. For his work on the films The War Is Over (1966) and Z (1969) Sempr\u00fan was nominated for the Academy Award. In 1996, he became the first non-French author elected to the Acad\u00e9mie Goncourt, which awards an annual literary prize.", "Q7255052": "Pseudomonas infection refers to a disease caused by one of the species of the genus Pseudomonas.\nP. aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen, most commonly affecting immunocompromised patients, such as those with cystic fibrosis or AIDS. Infection can affect many parts of the body, but infections typically target the respiratory tract (e.g. patients with CF or those on mechanical ventilation), causing bacterial pneumonia. In a surveillance study between 1986 and 1989, P. aeruginosa was the third leading cause of all nosocomial infections, and specifically the number one leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia and third leading cause of hospital-acquired UTI. Treatment of such infections can be difficult due to multiple antibiotic resistance, and in the United States, there was an increase in MDRPA (Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa) resistant to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and aminoglycosides, from 0.9% in 1994 to 5.6% in 2002.P. oryzihabitans can also be a human pathogen, although infections are rare. It can cause peritonitis, endophthalmitis, sepsis and bacteremia. Similar symptoms although also very rare can be seen by infections of P. luteola.P. plecoglossicida is a fish pathogenic species, causing hemorrhagic ascites in the ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis). P. anguilliseptica is also a fish pathogen.Due to their hemolytic activity, even non-pathogenic species of Pseudomonas can occasionally become a problem in clinical settings, where they have been known to infect blood transfusions.", "Q702510": "Jennifer 8. Lee (Chinese name: \u674e\u7af6; pinyin: L\u01d0 J\u00ecng; POJ: L\u00ed K\u0113ng) (born March 15, 1976) is an American journalist who previously worked for The New York Times. She is also the co-founder and president of the literary studio Plympton, as well as a producer on The Search for General Tso, which premiered at the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival.Lee is a vice-chair of the Unicode Emoji Subcommittee, which is responsible for making recommendations relating to emoji to the Unicode Technical Committee. Inspired by the universality of the dumpling across cultures and cuisines (e.g., jiaozi in China, ravioli in Italy, pierogi in Poland, empanadas in Argentina), she helped to make the dumpling emoji a candidate. She also co-authored the proposal for a hijab emoji.", "Q91867": "Gitta Bauer (born 1919 in Berlin, died 1990) was a German journalist.", "Q235639": "Mary William Ethelbert Appleton \"Billie\" Burke (August 7, 1884 \u2013 May 14, 1970) was an American actress who was famous on Broadway, on radio, early silent film, and subsequently in sound film. She is best known to modern audiences as Glinda the Good Witch of the North in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer movie musical The Wizard of Oz (1939).\nBurke was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1938 for her performance as Emily Kilbourne in Merrily We Live and is also remembered for her appearances in the Topper film series. Her high-pitched, wavering, aristocratic voice was her trademark, which made her a frequent choice to play dim-witted, spoiled society types.\nShe was married to Broadway producer and impresario Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. founder of dance troupe and theatrical revue (and adapted to a radio program from 1932 and 1936), the Ziegfeld Follies which operated from 1914 until his death in 1932.", "Q316792": "Alexander Sutherland Neill (17 October 1883 \u2013 23 September 1973) was a Scottish educator and author known for his school, Summerhill, and its philosophy of freedom from adult coercion and its community self-governance. Raised in Scotland, Neill taught at several schools before attending the University of Edinburgh in 1908\u20131912. He took two jobs in journalism before World War I, and taught at Gretna Green Village School in the first year of the war, writing his first book, A Dominie's Log (1915), as a diary of his life there as head teacher. He joined a Dresden school in 1921 and founded Summerhill on returning to England in 1924. Summerhill gained renown in the 1920s\u20131930s and then in the 1960s\u20131970s, due to progressive and counter-culture interest. Neill wrote 20 books. His top seller was the 1960 Summerhill, read widely in the free school movement in the 1960s onwards.", "Q366261": "Gunpei Yokoi (Japanese: \u6a2a\u4e95 \u8ecd\u5e73, Hepburn: Yokoi Gunpei, September 10, 1941 \u2013 October 4, 1997), sometimes transliterated Gumpei Yokoi, was a Japanese video game designer. He was a long-time Nintendo employee, best known as creator of the Game & Watch handheld system, inventor of the \"cross\" shaped Control Pad, the original designer of the Game Boy, and producer of a few long-running and critically acclaimed video game franchises, such as Metroid and Kid Icarus.", "Q7922": "Pedagogy (), most commonly understood as the approach to teaching, refers to the theory and practice of learning, and how this process influences, and is influenced by, the social, political and psychological development of learners. Pedagogy, taken as an academic discipline, is the study of how knowledge and skills are imparted in an educational context, and it considers the interactions that take place during learning. Both the theory and practice of pedagogy vary greatly, as they reflect different social, political, and cultural contexts.Pedagogy is often described as the act of teaching. The pedagogy adopted by teachers shapes their actions, judgments, and other teaching strategies by taking into consideration theories of learning, understandings of students and their needs, and the backgrounds and interests of individual students. Its aims may range from furthering liberal education (the general development of human potential) to the narrower specifics of vocational education (the imparting and acquisition of specific skills). Conventional western pedagogies view the teacher as knowledge holder and student as the recipient of knowledge (described by Paulo Freire as \"banking methods\"), but theories of pedagogy increasingly identify the student as an agent and the teacher as a facilitator.\nInstructive strategies are governed by the pupil's background knowledge and experience, situation, and environment, as well as learning goals set by the student and teacher. One example would be the Socratic method.The teaching of adults, as a specific group, is referred to as andragogy.", "Q119419": "Rupert Berger (February 10, 1896 - February 9, 1958) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. In 1946, he was elected to represent the Landtag of Bavaria.", "Q379341": "Donald \"Duck\" Dunn (November 24, 1941 \u2013 May 13, 2012) was an American bass guitarist, session musician, record producer, and songwriter. Dunn was notable for his 1960s recordings with Booker T. & the M.G.'s and as a session bassist for Stax Records. At Stax, Dunn played on thousands of records, including hits by Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, Rufus Thomas, Carla Thomas, William Bell, Eddie Floyd, Johnnie Taylor, Albert King, Bill Withers, Elvis Presley and many others. In 1992, he was inducted in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Booker T. & the M.G.'s. He is ranked number 40 on Bass Player magazine's list of \"The 100 Greatest Bass Players of All Time\".", "Q457595": "Samoth (born Thomas Thormods\u00e6ter Haugen, 9 June 1974) is a musician and multi-instrumentalist in the Norwegian black metal scene. He is well known for his distinct guitar work and drumming in the band Emperor, as well as his formation of the death metal band Zyklon. In very early Emperor releases, he was called Samot (his name \"Tomas\" backward), and with the formation of Zyklon he became known as Zamoth. Samoth was the owner of the record label Nocturnal Art Productions and had a close relationship with Candlelight Records.", "Q919515": "Ringgold Wilmer \"Ring\" Lardner (March 5, 1885 \u2013 September 25, 1933) was an American sports columnist and short-story writer best known for his satirical writings on sports, marriage, and the theatre. His contemporaries Ernest Hemingway, Virginia Woolf, and F. Scott Fitzgerald all professed strong admiration for his writing.\n\n", "Q880650": "PeterLicht is a German electropop musician and author from Cologne signed with the record label Motor Music, best known for his 2001 single Sonnendeck.", "Q234533": "Cornelia (c. 190s \u2013 c. 115 BC) was the second daughter of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, the hero of the Second Punic War, and Aemilia Paulla. She is remembered as a prototypical example of a virtuous Roman woman. She was the mother of the Gracchi brothers, and the mother-in-law of Scipio Aemilianus.", "Q171969": "Jean L\u00e9opold Nicolas Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, Baron Cuvier (French: [kyvje]; 23 August 1769 \u2013 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the \"founding father of paleontology\". Cuvier was a major figure in natural sciences research in the early 19th century and was instrumental in establishing the fields of comparative anatomy and paleontology through his work in comparing living animals with fossils.\nCuvier's work is considered the foundation of vertebrate paleontology, and he expanded Linnaean taxonomy by grouping classes into phyla and incorporating both fossils and living species into the classification. Cuvier is also known for establishing extinction as a fact\u2014at the time, extinction was considered by many of Cuvier's contemporaries to be merely controversial speculation. In his Essay on the Theory of the Earth (1813) Cuvier proposed that now-extinct species had been wiped out by periodic catastrophic flooding events. In this way, Cuvier became the most influential proponent of catastrophism in geology in the early 19th century. His study of the strata of the Paris basin with Alexandre Brongniart established the basic principles of biostratigraphy.Among his other accomplishments, Cuvier established that elephant-like bones found in the USA belonged to an extinct animal he later would name as a mastodon, and that a large skeleton dug up in Paraguay was of Megatherium, a giant, prehistoric ground sloth. He named the pterosaur Pterodactylus, described (but did not discover or name) the aquatic reptile Mosasaurus, and was one of the first people to suggest the earth had been dominated by reptiles, rather than mammals, in prehistoric times.\nCuvier is also remembered for strongly opposing theories of evolution, which at the time (before Darwin's theory) were mainly proposed by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck and Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. Cuvier believed there was no evidence for evolution, but rather evidence for cyclical creations and destructions of life forms by global extinction events such as deluges. In 1830, Cuvier and Geoffroy engaged in a famous debate, which is said to exemplify the two major deviations in biological thinking at the time \u2013 whether animal structure was due to function or (evolutionary) morphology. Cuvier supported function and rejected Lamarck's thinking.\nHis most famous work is Le R\u00e8gne Animal (1817; English: The Animal Kingdom). In 1819, he was created a peer for life in honor of his scientific contributions. Thereafter, he was known as Baron Cuvier. He died in Paris during an epidemic of cholera. Some of Cuvier's most influential followers were Louis Agassiz on the continent and in the United States, and Richard Owen in Britain. His name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower.", "Q280928": "Candy is a 2006 Australian romantic drama film, adapted from Luke Davies's novel Candy: A Novel of Love and Addiction. Candy was directed by debut film-maker Neil Armfield and stars Heath Ledger, Abbie Cornish and Geoffrey Rush.\nCandy, produced by Margaret Fink, was released in Australia on 25 May 2006 and subsequently released around the world.", "Q91873": "Stefan Beuse (M\u00fcnster, January 31, 1967) is a German writer.", "Q25468": "Gang of Four (French: La bande des quatre) is a 1989 French drama film directed by Jacques Rivette. It was entered into the 39th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won a Honourable Mention.", "Q16154183": "And Then There Were None is a 2015 mystery thriller television serial that was first broadcast on BBC One from 26 to 28 December 2015. The three-part programme was adapted by Sarah Phelps and directed by Craig Viveiros and is based on Agatha Christie's novel of the same name. The series features an ensemble cast, including Douglas Booth, Charles Dance, Maeve Dermody, Burn Gorman, Anna Maxwell Martin, Sam Neill, Miranda Richardson, Toby Stephens, Noah Taylor and Aidan Turner. The programme follows a group of strangers who are invited to a secluded island where they are murdered one by one for their past crimes.\nThe serial, debuting to 6 million viewers, received critical acclaim with many praising the writing, performances, and cinematography. It also scored high ratings.", "Q660395": "Pf\u00e4ffikon District is one of the twelve districts of the German-speaking canton of Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland. Its capital is the town of Pf\u00e4ffikon.", "Q274117": "Inara Maryland George (born July 4, 1974) is an American singer-songwriter and musician, one half of The Bird and the Bee, a member of the band Merrick, with Bryony Atkinson, and a member of the trio The Living Sisters, with Eleni Mandell and Becky Stark.", "Q291825": "Ann Savage (born Bernice Maxine Lyon, February 19, 1921 \u2013 December 25, 2008) was an American film and television actress. She is best remembered as the cigarette-puffing femme fatale in the critically acclaimed film noir Detour (1945). She featured in more than 20 B movies between 1943 and 1946.\nEffectively leaving the film business in the mid-1950s, Savage made occasional appearances on television and worked for industrial and inspirational film producers from the 1950s to the 1970s. She made a number of live appearances at film festivals, especially for screenings of Detour.\nIn 2007, she was cast by director Guy Maddin as his mother in My Winnipeg, \"a part that had been tipped to bring her an Academy Award and which introduced her to a legion of new fans\".", "Q1066976": "Charlie Poole (March 22, 1892 \u2013 May 21, 1931) was an American musician, singer and banjo player, as well as the leader of the North Carolina Ramblers, a string band that recorded many popular songs between 1925 and 1930.", "Q191123": "Levi Eshkol (Hebrew: \u05dc\u05b5\u05d5\u05b4\u05d9 \u05d0\u05b6\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05db\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05dc; listen , born Levi Yitzhak Shkolnik (Hebrew: \u05dc\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05e9\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05e7)\u200e 25 October 1895 \u2013 26 February 1969) was an Israeli statesman who served as the third Prime Minister of Israel from 1963 until his death from a heart attack in 1969. A founder of the Israeli Labor Party, he served in numerous senior roles, including Minister of Defense (1963\u20131967) and Minister of Finance (1952\u20131963).\nEshkol was first appointed as Prime Minister following the resignation of David Ben-Gurion. He then led the party in the elections to the Sixth Knesset (1965) and won, remaining in office for six consecutive years. Shortly after taking office, he made several significant changes, among them the annulment of military rule over Israeli Arabs and a successful journey to the United States, being the first Israeli leader to be formally invited to the White House. His relations with American President Lyndon B. Johnson greatly affected Israel\u2013United States relations and later on the Six-Day War.\nEshkol was active in the Zionist movement from a young age, immigrating to Ottoman Palestine in 1914 and working in agriculture. He was among the founders of the major institutions of the Yishuv, most importantly the Histadrut and Haganah. He was treasurer of Hapoel Hatzair political party and treasurer of the Agricultural Center. In 1929 he was elected as chairman of the settlement committee within the Zionist Congress, taking a leading role in enabling conditions for new construction. In 1937 he founded Mekorot water company and was its director until 1951. Simultaneously, he held positions at the Haganah, at Mapai and as chairman of Tel Aviv Workers' Council. In 1948\u20131949 he was Director General of the Ministry of Defense and from 1948\u20131963 he was chairman of the Settlement Department of the Jewish Agency. Elected to the Second Knesset in 1951, he was soon thereafter appointed to key government roles.\nHe led the Israeli government during and after the Six-Day War and was the first Israeli Prime Minister to die in office.", "Q322423": "Martin Smith (17 December 1946 \u2013 2 March 1997), was a drummer for Gentle Giant and Simon Dupree and the Big Sound. He played on the first two Gentle Giant albums, Gentle Giant and Acquiring the Taste, before being replaced by Malcolm Mortimore. Smith was a versatile drummer who specialised in playing jazz and blues styles.\nSmith died on 2 March 1997, at the age of 50, of internal haemorrhaging; apparently he had been very ill with a blood disorder for five years. He continued to drum until two months before his death. 150 people went to his funeral, including many fellow musicians, and Gordon Haskell (of early King Crimson fame) wrote the eulogy.", "Q434768": "Sean Howard Kinney (born May 27, 1966) is an American musician, best known for being the drummer and co-founder of the rock band Alice in Chains. Kinney also founded the short-lived supergroup Spys4Darwin, and has collaborated with Johnny Cash, Metallica, and played drums for his Alice in Chains bandmate Jerry Cantrell's first solo album, Boggy Depot (1998). In September 2018, Kinney was a guest drummer on NBC's Late Night with Seth Meyers.", "Q332630": "George Morgan Thomson, Baron Thomson of Monifieth, (16 January 1921 \u2013 3 October 2008) was a British politician and journalist who served as a Labour MP. He was a member of Harold Wilson's cabinet, and later became a European Commissioner.\nIn the 1980s, he joined the Social Democratic Party. Following the SDP's merger with the Liberal Party, he became a Liberal Democrat and sat as a Liberal Democrat member of the House of Lords.", "Q827389": "Pierre Georges Daix (24 May 1922, Ivry-sur-Seine \u2013 2 November 2014, Paris) was a French journalist and writer. He was a friend and biographer of Pablo Picasso.From 1980 to 1985, he was a journalist for Le Quotidien de Paris.", "Q113652": "Richard Frey (11 February 1920 in Vienna \u2013 16 November 2004 in Beijing), also known by his Chinese name Fu Lai (Chinese: \u5085\u83b1), was a Chinese doctor and politician originally from Austria. He fled due to the Second World War from Austria to China and spent his entire life in his adopted country. Because of his outstanding contributions to national independence, national liberation and to build China's land, he has gained a high reputation in China.", "Q784013": "Philip Niarchos (alternately: Philippos or Philippe; Greek: \u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u039d\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2) (born 1954) is a Greek billionaire, the eldest son of the Greek shipping magnate Stavros Niarchos and Eugenia Livanos, herself the elder daughter of Stavros Niarchos' rival Stavros G. Livanos.", "Q85806": "Christian Wolfgang Lindner (born 7 January 1979) is a German politician, member of the Bundestag and leader of the liberal Free Democratic Party of Germany (FDP).\n\n", "Q187999": "Dangerous Beauty is a 1998 American biographical drama film directed by Marshall Herskovitz and starring Catherine McCormack, Rufus Sewell, and Oliver Platt. Based on the non-fiction book The Honest Courtesan by Margaret Rosenthal, the film is about Veronica Franco, a courtesan in sixteenth-century Venice who becomes a hero to her city, but later becomes the target of an inquisition by the Church for witchcraft. The film features a supporting cast that includes Fred Ward, Naomi Watts, Moira Kelly and Jacqueline Bisset. The film was released as A Destiny of Her Own in some regions, and was retitled The Honest Courtesan for its UK video release.", "Q57798": "Edward I (17/18 June 1239 \u2013 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. Before his accession to the throne, he was commonly referred to as The Lord Edward. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved from an early age in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and defeated the baronial leader Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Within two years the rebellion was extinguished and, with England pacified, Edward joined the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land. He was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and was crowned at Westminster Abbey.\nEdward spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law. Through an extensive legal inquiry, he investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law. Increasingly, however, Edward's attention was drawn towards military affairs. After suppressing a minor rebellion in Wales in 1276\u201377, Edward responded to a second rebellion in 1282\u201383 with a full-scale war of conquest. After a successful campaign, he subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with English people. Next, his efforts were directed towards the Kingdom of Scotland. Initially invited to arbitrate a succession dispute, Edward claimed feudal suzerainty over Scotland. The war that followed continued after Edward's death, even though the English seemed victorious at several points. Simultaneously, Edward found himself at war with France (a Scottish ally) after King Philip IV of France had confiscated the Duchy of Gascony, which until then had been held in personal union with the Kingdom of England. Although Edward recovered his duchy, this conflict relieved English military pressure against Scotland. At the same time there were problems at home. In the mid-1290s, extensive military campaigns required high levels of taxation, and Edward met with both lay and ecclesiastical opposition. These crises were initially averted, but issues remained unsettled. When the King died in 1307, he left to his son Edward II an ongoing war with Scotland and many financial and political problems.\nEdward I was a tall man (6'2\") for his era, hence the nickname \"Longshanks\". He was temperamental, and this, along with his height, made him an intimidating man, and he often instilled fear in his contemporaries. Nevertheless, he held the respect of his subjects for the way he embodied the medieval ideal of kingship, as a soldier, an administrator and a man of faith. Modern historians are divided on their assessment of Edward: while some have praised him for his contribution to the law and administration, others have criticised him for his uncompromising attitude towards his nobility. Currently, Edward I is credited with many accomplishments during his reign, including restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, and reforming the law through statutes. At the same time, he is also often criticised for other actions, such as his brutal conduct towards the Welsh and Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290, by which the Jews were expelled from England. The Edict remained in effect for the rest of the Middle Ages, and it was over 350 years until it was formally overturned under Oliver Cromwell in 1657.", "Q105030": "Jakob Kinau (28 August 1884 \u2013 14 December 1965) was a German sailor, sergeant of the Imperial Navy, writer, publisher and customs officer.", "Q843": "Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212.2 million. By area, it is the 33rd-largest country, spanning 881,913 square kilometres (340,509 square miles). Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650-mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China to the northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.\nThe territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures and intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent. The ancient history involves the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including Hindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols, Afghans and Sikhs. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Persian Achaemenid Empire, Alexander III of Macedon, the Seleucid Empire, the Indian Maurya Empire, the Kushan Empire, the Gupta Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Ghurid Sultanate, the Ghaznavids Empire, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Afghan Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire (partially) and, most recently, the British Indian Empire.Pakistan was created during the partition of India as a Muslim-majority region. It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with similarly diverse geography and wildlife. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. An ethnic civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh. In 1973, Pakistan adopted a new constitution which stipulated that all laws are to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah.A middle power, Pakistan has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state. It is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world, and is backed by one of the world's largest and fastest-growing middle class populations. Pakistan's political history since independence has been characterized by periods of military rule, political instability and conflicts with India. The country continues to face challenging problems, including overpopulation, terrorism, poverty, illiteracy, and corruption. As of 2008 Pakistan has transitioned to civilian rule. As of 2010 Pakistan is a parliamentary republic with periodic elections. Pakistan is a member of the UN, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the OIC, the Commonwealth of Nations, the SAARC, the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition, and is a major non-NATO ally.", "Q463630": "Juan Valera y Alcal\u00e1-Galiano (18 October 1824 \u2013 18 April 1905), was a Spanish realist author, diplomat, and politician.", "Q66545": "Nusshof is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q923845": "San Dimas is a city in the San Gabriel Valley of Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 33,371. The city historically took its name from San Dimas Canyon in the San Gabriel Mountains above the northern section of present-day San Dimas. San Dimas derives its name from the Spanish name for Saint Dismas.San Dimas is bordered by the San Gabriel Mountains range to the north, Glendora and Covina to the west, La Verne to its north and east side, Pomona to its south and east side, and Walnut to the southwest.", "Q710100": "Wang Ch'ung-hui (1881\u20131958) was a prominent Chinese jurist, diplomat and politician who served the Republic of China from its foundation in 1912 until his death in 1958. He was a close associate of the republic's founding father, Sun Yat-sen, an active member of the Kuomintang (\"Chinese Nationalist Party\"), and a judge on the Permanent Court of International Justice in the Hague.", "Q102039": "Karl Gustav (Guido) Brescius (25 March 1824 \u2013 4 December 1864) was a German railway engineer.\nHe was born in Bautzen, in eastern Saxony, Germany, on 25 March 1824 and studied at the Dresden University of Technology in Saxony. Amongst his lecturers were Professor Andreas Schubert. \nBrescius gained his first practical experience as a railway engineer during the construction of the Saxon-Silesian Railway (S\u00e4chsisch-Schlesische Eisenbahn) from Dresden to G\u00f6rlitz. For the construction of the Saxon-Bohemian Railway from Dresden to Bodenbach in 1847 Brescius was already the departmental engineer responsible for the section of the route in the area of K\u00f6nigstein.", "Q435310": "Lene Br\u00f8ndum (born 26 June 1947) is a Danish actress. At the 23rd Guldbagge Awards she won the award for Best Actress for her role in Hip Hip Hurrah! She has appeared in more than 35 films and television shows since 1976.", "Q816632": "Ben Williams (born December 28, 1984, Washington, D.C.) is an American jazz bassist.", "Q69110": "Ernst Stuhlinger (December 19, 1913 Niederrimbach, Germany \u2013 May 25, 2008) was a German-American atomic, electrical, and rocket scientist. After being brought to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip, he developed guidance systems with Wernher von Braun's team for the US Army, and later was a scientist with NASA. He was also instrumental in the development of the ion engine for long-endurance space flight, and a wide variety of scientific experiments.", "Q105756": "John Hoyer Updike (March 18, 1932 \u2013 January 27, 2009) was an American novelist, poet, short-story writer, art critic, and literary critic. One of only three writers to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once (the others being Booth Tarkington and William Faulkner), Updike published more than twenty novels, more than a dozen short-story collections, as well as poetry, art and literary criticism and children's books during his career.\nHundreds of his stories, reviews, and poems appeared in The New Yorker starting in 1954. He also wrote regularly for The New York Review of Books. His most famous work is his \"Rabbit\" series (the novels Rabbit, Run; Rabbit Redux; Rabbit Is Rich; Rabbit at Rest; and the novella Rabbit Remembered), which chronicles the life of the middle-class everyman Harry \"Rabbit\" Angstrom over the course of several decades, from young adulthood to death. Both Rabbit Is Rich (1982) and Rabbit at Rest (1990) were recognized with the Pulitzer Prize.\nDescribing his subject as \"the American small town, Protestant middle class\", Updike was recognized for his careful craftsmanship, his unique prose style, and his prolific output \u2013 he wrote on average a book a year. Updike populated his fiction with characters who \"frequently experience personal turmoil and must respond to crises relating to religion, family obligations, and marital infidelity\".His fiction is distinguished by its attention to the concerns, passions, and suffering of average Americans, its emphasis on Christian theology, and its preoccupation with sexuality and sensual detail. His work has attracted significant critical attention and praise, and he is widely considered one of the great American writers of his time. Updike's highly distinctive prose style features a rich, unusual, sometimes arcane vocabulary as conveyed through the eyes of \"a wry, intelligent authorial voice\" that describes the physical world extravagantly while remaining squarely in the realist tradition. He described his style as an attempt \"to give the mundane its beautiful due\".", "Q324734": "Bel Ami is a 1939 German film directed by Willi Forst. It is loosely based on Guy de Maupassant's novel Bel Ami, with considerable changes to the original plot.", "Q442198": "Louise Farrenc (31 May 1804 \u2013 15 September 1875) was a French composer, virtuoso pianist and teacher. Born Jeanne-Louise Dumont in Paris, she was the daughter of Jacques-Edme Dumont, a successful sculptor, and sister to Auguste Dumont.", "Q236442": "Jeanne Fran\u00e7oise Julie Ad\u00e9la\u00efde R\u00e9camier (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292an f\u0281\u0251\u0303swaz \u0292yli adela.id \u0281ekamje]; 3 December 1777 \u2013 11 May 1849), known as Juliette (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292ylj\u025bt]), was a French socialite, whose salon drew Parisians from the leading literary and political circles of the early 19th century. As an icon of neoclassicism, R\u00e9camier cultivated a public persona of herself as a great beauty and her fame quickly spread across Europe. She befriended many intellectuals, sat for the finest artists of the age, and spurned an offer of marriage from Prince Augustus of Prussia.", "Q113134": "Gabi Burgstaller (born 23 May 1963) is an Austrian politician, and the former governess (Landeshauptfrau) of the State of Salzburg.\n\n", "Q241812": "Christina Onassis (Greek: \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03a9\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7; 11 December 1950 \u2013 19 November 1988) was an American-born Greek businesswoman, socialite, and heiress to the Onassis fortune. She was the only daughter of Aristotle Onassis and Tina Onassis Niarchos.", "Q1193243": "Sir John Theodore Houghton (30 December 1931 \u2013 15 April 2020) was a Welsh atmospheric physicist who was the co-chair of the Nobel Peace Prize winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) scientific assessment working group. He was the lead editor of first three IPCC reports. He was professor in atmospheric physics at the University of Oxford, former Director General at the Met Office and founder of the Hadley Centre.\nHe was the president of the John Ray Initiative, an organisation \"connecting Environment, Science and Christianity\", where he has compared the stewardship of the Earth, to the stewardship of the Garden of Eden by Adam and Eve. He was a founding member of the International Society for Science and Religion. He was also the president of the Victoria Institute.", "Q1086882": "Sir Philip Christopher Ondaatje, OC, CBE, FRSL (; born 22 February 1933) is a Sri Lankan-born Canadian-English businessman, philanthropist, adventurer, writer and bob-sledding Olympian for Canada. Ondaatje is the older brother of author Michael Ondaatje and lives in both Chester, Nova Scotia and the United Kingdom.", "Q260604": "Antjie Krog (born 23 October 1952) is a South African poet, academic, and writer. In 2004, she joined the Arts faculty of the University of the Western Cape.\n\n", "Q675940": "For the former Israeli Defense Forces Chief of Staff and former Israeli Minister of Agriculture, see Rafael EitanRafael \"Rafi\" Eitan (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d9\u05ea\u05df; 23 November 1926 \u2013 23 March 2019) was an Israeli politician and intelligence officer. He also led Gil and served as Minister of Senior Citizens. He was in charge of the Mossad operation that led to the arrest of Adolf Eichmann. He served as an advisor on terrorism to Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and in 1981 he was appointed to head the Bureau of Scientific Relations, then an intelligence entity on par with Mossad, Aman and Shabak. Eitan assumed responsibility for and resigned over the Jonathan Pollard affair, and the Bureau was disbanded. He was subject to an arrest warrant issued by the United States FBI. From 1985 until 1993, he was head of the government's Chemicals company, which was expanded under his leadership. After 1993, he became a businessman, noted for several large scale agricultural and construction ventures in Cuba. He was the chairman of the Vetek (Seniority) Association \u2013 the Senior Citizens Movement.\n\n", "Q2684746": "Georges Gutelman (6 December 1938 \u2013 5 November 2019) was a Belgian engineer and businessman who specialized in aviation.", "Q151307": "Arthur Young (2 September 1898 \u2013 24 February 1959) was an English actor, notable for roles including Gladstone in the 1951 The Lady with a Lamp. He can be seen as a window cleaner in the film Radio Parade of 1935. He regularly appeared in BBC radio plays and was a member of the Corporation\u2019s Drama Repertory Company in the late 1950s. His stage work encompassed West End revue, as well as Stratford.", "Q141114": "Sergei Donatovich Dovlatov-Mechik (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432; September 3, 1941 \u2013 August 24, 1990) was a Soviet journalist and writer. Internationally, he is one of the most popular Russian writers of the late 20th century.", "Q1362570": "Francesco Antonio Marino (born November 20, 1954) is an Italian Canadian guitarist, leader of Canadian hard rock band Mahogany Rush. Often compared to Jimi Hendrix, he is acknowledged as one of the best and most underrated guitarists of the 1970s.", "Q441491": "Koizumi Matajir\u014d (\u5c0f\u6cc9 \u53c8\u6b21\u90ce, 10 June 1865 \u2013 24 September 1951) was a Japanese politician and cabinet minister in the Taish\u014d period and early Sh\u014dwa period Japan. He was the grandfather of Jun'ichir\u014d Koizumi, who served as the Prime Minister of Japan from 2001 to 2006.\n\n", "Q158445": "The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a territory in Northern Germany held by the House of Mecklenburg residing at Schwerin. It was a sovereign member state of the German Confederation and became a federated state of the North German Confederation and finally of the German Empire in 1871.", "Q183241": "Constance Mayfield Rourke (November 14, 1885 \u2013 March 29, 1941) was an American author and educator. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and attended Sorbonne and Vassar College. She taught at Vassar from 1910 to 1915. She died in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1941.\nRourke specialized in American popular culture. She wrote numerous pieces of criticism for magazines like The Nation and The New Republic. However, she made her name as a writer of biographies and biographical sketches of notable American figures, such as John James Audubon, P.T. Barnum, Lotta Crabtree, Davy Crockett, and Charles Sheeler, as well as books exploring different components of American culture and its history, of which American Humor: A Study of the National Character, first published in 1931, is the most famous. During the 1930s she worked on the Index of American Design as part of the Federal Art Project of the Works Progress Administration. Her work was essential in the formation of the scholarly fields of American Studies and American Literature. She received the Newbery Honor award.", "Q75539": "Just Like Heaven is a 2005 American romantic comedy fantasy film directed by Mark Waters, starring Reese Witherspoon, Mark Ruffalo, and Jon Heder. It is based on the French novel If Only It Were True (Et si c'\u00e9tait vrai...) written by Marc Levy.\nSteven Spielberg obtained the rights to produce the film from the book. The film was released in the United States and Canada on September 16, 2005.", "Q157776": "John (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish: Hans; n\u00e9 Johannes) (2 February 1455 \u2013 20 February 1513) was a Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union. He was king of Denmark (1481\u20131513), Norway (1483\u20131513) and as John II (Swedish: Johan II) Sweden (1497\u20131501). From 1482 to 1513, he was concurrently duke of Schleswig and Holstein in joint rule with his brother Frederick.\nThe three most important political goals of King John were the restoration of the Kalmar Union, reduction of the dominance of the Hanseatic League, and the building of a strong Danish royal power.", "Q330741": "Abraham Zevi Idelsohn (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05b7\u05d1\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4\u05b8\u05dd \u05e6\u05b0\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05dc\u05e1\u05d5\u05df Avrohom Tzvi Idelsohn in Ashkenazi Hebrew; middle name also rendered Tzvi, Zvi, Zwi, or Zebi; July 14, 1882 \u2013 August 14, 1938) was a prominent Jewish ethnologist, musicologist and composer, who conducted several comprehensive studies of Jewish music around the world.\n\nIdelsohn was born in Feliksberg, Latvia and trained as a cantor. He worked briefly in both Europe and South Africa before emigrating to Palestine in 1905 and establishing a school of Jewish music there in 1919. In 1922 he moved to Cincinnati, Ohio to take a position as professor of Jewish music at Hebrew Union College. He died in Johannesburg, South Africa, where he also supported the establishment of South African Progressive Judaism.Idelsohn is generally acknowledged as the \u201cfather\u201d of modern Jewish musicology. During his time in Jerusalem, he noted a great diversity of musical traditions among the Jews living in the region. Idelsohn examined these traditional melodies and found recurring motifs and progressions that were not found in any other national music. This suggested a common origin for musical phrases that went back to Israel/Palestine in the first century C.E. He found that these motifs fell into three distinct tonal centers, which corresponded to the Dorian, Phrygian, and Lydian modes of the ancient Greeks. Each of these modes elicited a distinct psycho-emotional response. The Dorian Mode was used for texts of an elevated and inspired nature; the Phrygian for sentimental texts, with their very human outbreaks of feeling, both of joy and grief; and the Lydian was used in composing music for the texts of lamenting and confessions of sins. Idelsohn further categorized and defined these motives as ones that either prepared a musical phrase, began it, or concluded it.His works include the monumental Thesaurus of Hebrew Oriental Melodies (10 volumes, 1914\u20131932) and Jewish Music (1929). He is considered to be the author of the lyrics of the famous Jewish folk song \"Hava Nagila.\"He is the maternal grandfather of Joel Goodman Joffe (Baron Joffe).", "Q234255": "Cecily Brooke von Ziegesar ( VON zi-GAY-z\u0259r; born June 27, 1970) is an American author best known for the young adult Gossip Girl series of novels.", "Q468003": "Ciro Alegr\u00eda Baz\u00e1n (November 4, 1909 \u2013 February 17, 1967) was a Peruvian journalist, politician, and novelist.", "Q89782": "Franz Marischka (1918\u20132009) was an Austrian actor, screenwriter and film director. He was the son of the director Hubert Marischka.", "Q574358": "Mindon Min (Burmese: \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038, pronounced [m\u026a\u0301\u0270\u0303d\u00f3\u028a\u0270\u0303 m\u026a\u0301\u0270\u0303]; 8 July 1808 \u2013 1 October 1878) was the penultimate king of Burma (Myanmar) from 1853 to 1878. He was one of the most popular and revered kings of Burma. Under his half brother King Pagan, the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852 ended with the annexation of Lower Burma by the British Empire. Mindon and his younger brother Kanaung overthrew their half brother King Pagan. He spent most of his reign trying to defend the upper part of his country from British encroachments, and to modernize his kingdom.", "Q320552": "George Hepplewhite (1727? \u2013 21 June 1786) was a cabinetmaker. He is regarded as having been one of the \"big three\" English furniture makers of the 18th century, along with Thomas Sheraton and Thomas Chippendale. There are no pieces of furniture made by Hepplewhite or his firm known to exist but he gave his name to a distinctive style of light, elegant furniture that was fashionable between about 1775 and 1800 and reproductions of his designs continued through the following centuries. One characteristic that is seen in many of his designs is a shield-shaped chair back, where an expansive shield appeared in place of a narrower splat design.", "Q193052": "Pau Gasol S\u00e1ez (Catalan pronunciation: [\u02c8paw \u0263\u0259\u02c8z\u0254l], Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8pau \u0263a\u02c8sol]; born July 6, 1980) is a Spanish professional basketball player. He is a six-time NBA All-Star and a four-time All-NBA team selection, twice on the second team and twice on the third team. Gasol has won two NBA championships, both with the Los Angeles Lakers. He was the NBA Rookie of the Year in 2002 with the Memphis Grizzlies, being the first non-American player to have won that award. He is the older brother of fellow NBA player Marc Gasol.\nGasol was selected by the Atlanta Hawks with the third overall pick in the first round of the 2001 NBA draft, but his rights were traded to the Memphis Grizzlies. He currently holds the Grizzlies' franchise record for free throws made and attempted. Following more than six seasons with Memphis, Gasol played for the Los Angeles Lakers (from 2008 to 2014), the Chicago Bulls (from 2014 to 2016), the San Antonio Spurs (from 2016 to 2019), and the Milwaukee Bucks (2019).\nInternationally, Gasol has won a FIBA World Cup title, three EuroBasket titles, two Olympic silver medals, and an Olympic bronze medal with the Spanish national basketball team. Gasol was named MVP of the 2006 FIBA World Cup, and MVP of the 2009 and 2015 FIBA EuroBasket. Pau Gasol shares with Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107 the record for most EuroBasket MVP awards, with two each. Gasol is also the all-time leading scorer in the EuroBasket.", "Q97423": "Heiner Lauterbach (born 10 April 1953) is a German actor.", "Q357645": "Frank Ocean (born Christopher Edwin Cooksey; October 28, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and photographer from Louisiana. He has received recognition for his idiosyncratic musical style, introspective and elliptical songwriting, unconventional production techniques, and wide vocal range. Music critics have credited him with revitalizing R&B, with his distinctive sound and style influencing numerous artists of various music genres.Ocean began his musical career as a ghostwriter, prior to joining the hip hop collective Odd Future in 2010. In 2011, Ocean released his critically successful debut mixtape Nostalgia, Ultra. Ocean subsequently secured a recording contract with Def Jam Recordings in 2012. Drawing on electro-funk, pop-soul, jazz-funk, psychedelic music, Ocean's debut studio album Channel Orange (2012) received universal acclaim from critics, topping the American Pazz & Jop poll and the British HMV Poll of Polls. At the 2013 Grammy Awards, it was nominated for Album of the Year and won Best Urban Contemporary Album. The album's hit single \"Thinkin Bout You\" also gained Ocean a nomination for Record of the Year at the ceremony. \nBefore the release of his highly anticipated second album Blonde (2016), which was subject to controversy after Ocean endured protracted contract disputes with Def Jam, Ocean released his first visual project Endless exclusively on Apple Music the day before releasing Blonde in order to fulfill his contract with Def Jam. Released independently, Blonde debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was highly acclaimed by critics. With genres encompassing avant-garde, soul, and psychedelic rock, critics complimented the album for challenging the conventions of R&B and pop music. The album received a Platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). \nAmong Ocean's awards are two Grammy Awards and a Brit Award for International Male Solo Artist. He was included in the 2013 edition of the Time 100 list of the world's most influential people. Outside of his music career, Ocean has been a special photographer for Vogue at the annual Met Gala and made two covers and a visual essay for British fashion magazine i-D. \n\n", "Q347456": "Jin Akanishi (\u8d64\u897f \u4ec1, Akanishi Jin, born July 4, 1984) is a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter and actor. He has been active since 1998, first as one of the two lead vocalists of the popular J-pop boy-band KAT-TUN. Since the group's official debut in 2006, they have achieved 14 consecutive number ones (including studio albums) on the Oricon charts. In 2009, Akanishi started his solo career, and since then has released two studio albums (Japonicana, #JustJin), and two mini albums (Test Drive, Mi Amor).\nIn addition to his music career Akanishi has acted in a few films. He had the main role in the movie Bandage, and his Hollywood international debut was 47 Ronin. He has also appeared in several Japanese dramas, such as the popular NTV school dramas Gokusen 2 and Yukan Club.", "Q168419": "Joseph J\u00e9r\u00f4me Lefran\u00e7ois de Lalande (French: [lal\u0251\u0303d]; 11 July 1732 \u2013 4 April 1807) was a French astronomer, freemason and writer.\n\n", "Q213775": "Friedrich Johann Justin Bertuch (30 September 1747 \u2013 3 April 1822) was a German publisher and patron of the arts. He co-founded the F\u00fcrstliche freie Zeichenschule Weimar with the painter Georg Melchior Kraus in 1776. He was the father of the writer and journalist Karl Bertuch.", "Q385703": "Erica Georgina Terpstra (born 26 May 1943) is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).\nTerpstra, a swimmer by occupation, participated in the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics. She was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the Dutch general election of 1977 serving from 8 June 1977 until 22 August 1994 when she became Undersecretary for Health, Welfare and Sport in the Cabinet Kok I serving from 22 August 1994 until 3 August 1998. After the Dutch general election of 1998 Terpstra returned to the House of Representatives serving from 19 May 1998 until 15 December 2003 when she was selected as President of the Dutch Olympic Committee*Dutch Sports Federation (NOC*NSF).", "Q255720": "Lori Singer (born November 6, 1957) is an American actress, cellist, and former model. The daughter of conductor Jacques Singer, she was born in Corpus Christi, Texas, and raised in Portland, Oregon, where her father served as the lead conductor of the Oregon Symphony from 1962 to 1972. Singer was a musical prodigy, making her debut as a cellist with the Oregon Symphony at thirteen, and was subsequently accepted to the Juilliard School, where she became the institution's youngest graduate.\nIn the early 1980s, she signed with Elite Model Management before shifting her focus to acting. She was cast as Julie Miller, a teenage dancer and cellist, in the television series Fame, in which she appeared between 1982 and 1983. Singer gained widespread notoriety for her following lead role as Ariel Moore in the musical drama film Footloose (1984). She went on to have supporting roles in John Schlesinger's drama The Falcon and the Snowman (1985), the comedy The Man with One Red Shoe (1985), the horror film Warlock (1989), and Robert Altman's ensemble drama Short Cuts (1993).", "Q1124416": "Conde Balcom McCullough (May 30, 1887 \u2013 May 5, 1946) was an American civil engineer who is primarily known for designing many of Oregon's coastal bridges on U.S. Route 101. The native of South Dakota worked for the Oregon Department of Transportation from 1919 to 1935 and 1937 until 1946. McCullough also was a professor at Oregon State University.\n\n", "Q55776": "Purushottam Shivaram Rege (Devanagari: \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0936\u093f\u0935\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0930\u0947\u0917\u0947) (02 - August - 1910 to 17 - February - 1978 ) was a Marathi writer from Maharashtra, India.\nHe was born in Ratnagiri District of Maharashtra in 1910. After receiving his degrees in economics from Mumbai and London universities, he taught that subject at various colleges in Maharashtra and Goa. He retired in the 1970s as the principal of Elphinstone College in Mumbai.\nRege held a devout Shakta (\u0936\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924) belief centered on goddess Shantadurga (\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0917\u093e).\nHe presided over Marathi Sahitya Sammelan at Wardha in 1969.", "Q185977": "Zeitgeist is a series of three documentary films released between 2007 and 2011 that present a number of conspiracy theories, as well as proposals for broad social and economic changes.", "Q132065": "Nennius \u2014 or Nemnius or Nemnivus \u2014 was a Welsh monk of the 9th century. He has traditionally been attributed with the authorship of the Historia Brittonum, based on the prologue affixed to that work. This attribution is widely considered a secondary (10th century) tradition.Nennius was a student of Elvodugus, commonly identified with the bishop Elfodd of Bangor who convinced British ecclesiastics to accept the Continental dating for Easter, and who died in 809 according to the Annales Cambriae.\nNennius is believed to have lived in the area made up by Brecknockshire and Radnorshire in present-day Powys, Wales. Thus, he lived outside the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, isolated by mountains in a rural society. Because of the lack of evidence concerning the life of Nennius he has become the subject of legend himself. Welsh traditions include Nennius with Elbodug and others said to have escaped the massacre of Welsh monks by Ethelfrid in 613, fleeing to the north.", "Q27486": "Katja Ebstein (born Karin Witkiewicz; 9 March 1945) is a German singer. She was born in Girlachsdorf (now Gniewk\u00f3w, Poland). She achieved success with songs such as Theater and Es war einmal ein J\u00e4ger. She was married to Christian Bruhn, who wrote many of her songs. She represented West Germany at the Eurovision Song Contest three times, in 1970, 1971, and 1980. Her best performance was in 1980 when she gained second place with the entry Theater. As noted by John Kennedy O'Connor in his book The Eurovision Song Contest \u2013 The Official History, Ebstein is the most successful performer to have taken part in the contest, without ever winning. She is the only singer to appear in the top three on three separate occasions.", "Q1097810": "The Moldova State University (Romanian: Universitatea de Stat din Moldova) is a university located in Chi\u0219in\u0103u, Moldova.", "Q271696": "Bonita Granville Wrather (n\u00e9e Bonita Gloria Granville; February 2, 1923 \u2013 October 11, 1988) was an American actress. She was nominated for an Academy Award for her supporting role in the film These Three (1936). Her other notable film roles were in Cavalcade (1933), Ah, Wilderness! (1935), The Plough and the Stars (1937), Now, Voyager (1942), and Hitler's Children (1943).", "Q389139": "Amazing Blondel are an English acoustic progressive folk band, containing Eddie Baird, John Gladwin, and Terry Wincott. They released a number of LPs for Island Records in the early 1970s. They are sometimes categorised as psychedelic folk or as medieval folk rock, but their music was much more a reinvention of Renaissance music, based around the use of period instruments such as lutes and recorders.", "Q51510": "Wolfgang Hildesheimer (9 December 1916 \u2013 21 August 1991) was a German author who incorporated the Theatre of the Absurd. He originally trained as an artist, before turning to writing.", "Q943790": "Frank Stephenson Dillane (born 21 April 1991) is an English actor, known for his portrayal of Nick Clark on Fear the Walking Dead (2015\u20132018), and for playing Tom Riddle in the film Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009). He also appeared as Owen Coffin in the film In the Heart of the Sea (2015).", "Q1054683": "Hiroko Yakushimaru (\u85ac\u5e2b\u4e38 \u3072\u308d\u5b50, Yakushimaru Hiroko, born June 9, 1964) is a Japanese actress and singer.", "Q258204": "Miracle on 34th Street is a 1994 American Christmas Comedy-drama fantasy film written and produced by John Hughes, and directed by Les Mayfield (the two would reunite for 1997's Flubber). It stars Richard Attenborough, Mara Wilson, Elizabeth Perkins, and Dylan McDermott, and is the first theatrical remake of the original 1947 film. Like the original, this film was released by 20th Century Fox.\nThe New York City based Macy's department store declined any involvement with this remake, so the fictitious \"Cole's\" became its replacement. Gimbels had gone out of business in 1987; hence it was replaced by the fictional \"Shopper's Express\".", "Q93645": "Friederike Victoria \"Joy\" Adamson (n\u00e9e Gessner, 20 January 1910 \u2013 3 January 1980) was a naturalist, artist and author. Her book, Born Free, describes her experiences raising a lion cub named Elsa. Born Free was printed in several languages, and made into an Academy Award-winning movie of the same name. In 1977, she was awarded the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art.", "Q48041": "Dmitry Timofeyevich Yazov (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0422\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u0301\u0437\u043e\u0432; 8 November 1924 \u2013 25 February 2020) was the last Marshal of the Soviet Union to be appointed (on 28 April 1990) before the fall of the Soviet Union. He was the only Marshal of the Soviet Union to be born in Siberia. A veteran of the Great Patriotic War, Yazov was the last surviving Soviet Marshal.", "Q172441": "Jeremy Michael Unser Jr. (November 15, 1932 \u2013 May 17, 1959) was an American racecar driver. He was the 1957 USAC Stock Car champion.\nJerry was the first of the Unser family to compete at Indianapolis. In his only start, in 1958, he was caught up in a 13-car pileup on the first lap and flew over the turn three wall, miraculously emerging unhurt. He died in a practice crash before the 1959 Indianapolis 500, leaving behind a widow, Jeanne Unser, and two sons, Jerry and Johnny Unser.\nHis brothers Al and Bobby and his nephew Al Jr. have won the \"500\". His son Johnny and nephew Robby have also competed in the race.", "Q283400": "Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas George Montgomerie FRS (1830\u20131878) was a British surveyor who participated in the Great Trigonometric Survey of India as a lieutenant in the 1850s. He was the person to label K2, the second highest mountain in the world, the K standing for Karakoram. The label \"K2\" has stuck and has become, and remains, the mountain's most commonly used name.\nDespite being often denied close range access, the 19th century survey work carried out by Montgomerie and the survey of India has been shown to be accurate. The elevations of major summits which they calculated are very close to the elevations which are accepted today.\nHe was subsequently involved in attempts to extend the survey of India into Tibet. Tibet was not part of the British Empire and was closed to foreigners, so he employed and trained Indians, who entered Tibet disguised as travelling Tibetans, and became known as pundits.\nIn 1867 Major Montgomerie was assigned to Peshawar where he was tasked with recruiting native agents to explore Central Asia. Montgomerie recruited a number of individuals to survey Chitral and Badakhshan, including Hyder Shah, who in 1870 traveled through the princely states of Swat and Dir and Badakhshan.", "Q43": "Turkey (Turkish: T\u00fcrkiye [\u02c8ty\u027ecije]), officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti [\u02c8ty\u027ecije d\u0292um\u02c8hu\u02d0\u027eijeti] (listen)), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe. East Thrace, the part of Turkey in Europe, is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus and the Dardanelles (collectively called the Turkish Straits). Istanbul, which straddles Europe and Asia, is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital. Turkey is bordered on its northwest by Greece and Bulgaria; north by the Black Sea; northeast by Georgia; east by Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran; southeast by Iraq and Syria; south by the Mediterranean Sea; and west by the Aegean Sea. Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country's citizens identify as Turkish, while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population.\nAt various points in its history, the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Anatolian peoples, Assyrians, Greeks, Thracians, Phrygians, Urartians, and Armenians. Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century, and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the foundation of Turkey. The Seljuk Sultanate of R\u00fbm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks. Beginning in the late 13th century, the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans. After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453, Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I. During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe, West Asia and North Africa and became a world power. From the late 18th century onwards, the empire's power declined with a gradual loss of territories and wars. In an effort to consolidate the weakening social and political foundations of the empire, Mahmud II started a period of modernisation in the early 19th century, bringing reforms in all areas of the state including the military and bureaucracy, along with the emancipation of all citizens.The 1913 coup d'\u00e9tat put the country under the control of the Three Pashas, who were largely responsible for the Empire's entry into World War I in 1914. During World War I, the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Assyrian and Pontic Greek subjects. After losing the war, the conglomeration of territories and peoples that had comprised the Ottoman Empire was partitioned into several new states. The Turkish War of Independence, initiated by Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk and his comrades against the occupying Allied Powers, resulted in the abolition of the sultanate in 1922 and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, with Atat\u00fcrk as its first president. Atat\u00fcrk enacted numerous reforms, many of which incorporated various aspects of Western thought, philosophy and customs into the new form of Turkish government.Turkey is a charter member of the UN, an early member of NATO, the IMF, and the World Bank, and a founding member of the OECD, OSCE, BSEC, OIC, and G20. After becoming one of the first members of the Council of Europe in 1949, Turkey became an associate member of the EEC in 1963, joined the EU Customs Union in 1995, and started accession negotiations with the European Union in 2005. In a non-binding vote on 13 March 2019, the European Parliament called on the EU governments to suspend Turkey's accession talks; which, despite being stalled since 2018, remain active as of 2020. Turkey's economy and diplomatic initiatives have led to its recognition as a regional power, while its location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history. Turkey is a secular, unitary, formerly parliamentary republic that adopted a presidential system with a referendum in 2017; the new system came into effect with the presidential election in 2018. Turkey's current administration, headed by President Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan of the AKP, has enacted measures to increase the influence of Islam and undermine Kemalist policies and freedom of the press.", "Q142582": "Guillermo Gonz\u00e1lez Camarena (17 February 1917 \u2013 18 April 1965) was a Mexican electrical engineer who was the inventor of a color-wheel type of color television, and who also introduced color television to the world.\n\n", "Q500546": "Gonzalo Torrente Ballester (June 13, 1910 \u2013 January 27, 1999) was a Spanish writer associated with the Generation of '36 movement.", "Q124607": "Ernst Ludwig Ehrlich (March 27, 1921 \u2013 October 21, 2007) was a Swiss Jewish religious philosopher. \nEhrlich fled Nazi Germany for Switzerland in June 1943, using a false passport. From 1961 to 1994 he was European director of the Jewish organisation B'nai B'rith.\nHe was an adviser to German Cardinal Augustin Bea at the Second Vatican Council in preparing \"Nostra aetate\", a key document on Roman Catholic-Jewish relations.He died at his home in Riehen, a suburb of Basel.", "Q363286": "Dave Alexander (born David Alexander Elam), also known as Omar Sharriff, Omar Shariff, Omar Hakim Khayam (March 10, 1938 \u2013 January 8, 2012) was an American West Coast blues singer and pianist.", "Q69931": "Saules is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).", "Q546275": "Ellen Gilchrist (born February 20, 1935) is an American novelist, short story writer, and poet. She won a National Book Award for her 1984 collection of short stories, Victory Over Japan.", "Q433198": "Paula Malcomson (born 1 June 1970) is a Northern Irish actress. She is sometimes credited as Paula Williams.", "Q3403": "The Dufourspitze is the highest peak of Monte Rosa, a huge ice-covered mountain massif in the Alps. Dufourspitze is the highest mountain peak of both Switzerland and the Pennine Alps and is also the second-highest mountain of the Alps and thus of Europe outside the Caucasus. It is located between Switzerland (Canton of Valais) and Italy (Piedmont and Aosta Valley).\nFollowing a long series of attempts beginning in the early nineteenth century, Monte Rosa's summit, then still called H\u00f6chste Spitze (English: Highest Peak), was first reached on 1 August, the Swiss National celebration day, in 1855 from Zermatt by a party of eight climbers led by three guides: Matth\u00e4us and Johannes Zumtaugwald, Ulrich Lauener, Christopher and James Smyth, Charles Hudson, John Birkbeck and Edward Stephenson.", "Q604940": "James Ford is an English musical composer, record producer and musician, known for being a member of Simian Mobile Disco and production work with the Arctic Monkeys, Foals, Florence and the Machine, Depeche Mode, Haim, Gorillaz, and Klaxons.", "Q1317716": "Mitrofan Petrovich Belyayev (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0430\u0301\u043d \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0301\u0435\u0432; old style 10/22 February 1836, St. Petersburg \u2013 22 December 1903/ 4 January 1904) was an Imperial Russian music publisher, outstanding philanthropist, and the owner of a large wood dealership enterprise in Russia. He was also the founder of the Belyayev circle, a society of musicians in Russia whose members included Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Alexander Glazunov and Anatoly Lyadov. His surname is often transliterated as Belaieff or Belayev. In 1886 the important Russian painter Ilya Repin made a portrait of Belyayev.", "Q76811": "Friedrich Naumann (25 March 1860 \u2013 24 August 1919) was a German liberal politician and Protestant parish pastor. The Friedrich Naumann Foundation of the Free Democratic Party is named after him.", "Q172327": "Eddie Keizan (12 September 1944 \u2013 21 May 2016) was a South African racing driver. He raced in three World Championship Formula One Grands Prix during the 1970s, debuting on 3 March 1973. He scored no championship points.\nKeizan was born in Johannesburg. After success in South Africa driving saloons and sports cars, Keizan moved into Formula 5000 where he won the national championship. He participated in the South African Formula One championships as well, including three World Championship South African Grands Prix, twice with a Tyrrell owned by Alex Blignaut - this car had been previously raced by Jackie Stewart. For the third of his three attempts, Keizan drove a Lotus 72, entered by local outfit Team Gunston.\nAfter Formula One, Keizan raced in touring cars and also concentrated on his business interests, including a successful alloy wheels company, TSW Alloy Wheels formally known as Tiger Sports Wheels.", "Q269967": "Stacy Valentine (born August 9, 1970) is a former American pornographic actress. She is a member of both the AVN and XRCO Halls of Fame.", "Q1712499": "Julius Berger (born 1954) is a German cellist, musicologist and an academic of chamber music and cello at the Leopold Mozart Centre of the Augsburg University. He recorded the sonatas and concertos by Luigi Boccherini, but also contemporary music by John Cage, Toshio Hosokawa, Adriana H\u00f6lszky and Sofia Gubaidulina. He is the artistic director of music festivals.", "Q238296": "Heart and Souls is a 1993 American fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Ron Underwood. The film stars Robert Downey Jr. as Thomas Reilly, a businessman recruited by the souls of four deceased people, his guardian angels from childhood, to help them rectify their unfinished lives, as he is the only one who can communicate with them.", "Q831474": "In the New Testament, a presbyter (Greek \u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b2\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2: \"elder\") is a leader of a local Christian congregation. The word derives from the Greek presbyteros, which means elder or senior. Although many understand presbyteros to refer to the bishop functioning as overseer, in modern Catholic and Orthodox usage, presbyter is distinct from bishop and synonymous with priest. In predominant Protestant usage, presbyter does not refer to a member of a distinctive priesthood called priests, but rather to a minister, pastor, or elder.", "Q381203": "Edward Bridge Danson III (born December 29, 1947) is an American actor and producer who played the lead character Sam Malone on the NBC sitcom Cheers, Jack Holden in the films Three Men and a Baby and Three Men and a Little Lady, and Dr. John Becker on the CBS sitcom Becker. He also starred in the CBS dramas CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and CSI: Cyber as D.B. Russell. Additionally, he plays a recurring role on Larry David's HBO sitcom Curb Your Enthusiasm, starred alongside Glenn Close in legal drama Damages, and was a regular on the HBO comedy series Bored to Death. In 2015 he starred as Hank Larsson in the second season of FX's black comedy-crime drama anthology Fargo. From 2016 to 2020, he played the afterlife architect Michael in the NBC sitcom The Good Place.\nDuring his career, Danson has been nominated for 17 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning two; ten Golden Globe Awards nominations, winning three; one Screen Actors Guild Award; and one American Comedy Award and has been awarded a star on Hollywood's Walk of Fame. He was ranked second in TV Guide's list of the top 25 television stars. Danson has also been a longtime activist in ocean conservation. In March 2011, he published his first book, Oceana: Our Endangered Oceans and What We Can Do to Save Them, written with journalist Michael D'Orso.", "Q165883": "Louis VI (late 1081 \u2013 1 August 1137), called the Fat (French: le Gros) or the Fighter (French: le Batailleur), was King of France from 1108 to 1137.Chronicles called him \"King of Saint-Denis\". Louis was the first member of the house of Capet to make a lasting contribution to centralizing the institutions of royal power. He spent almost all of his twenty-nine-year reign fighting either the \"robber barons\" who plagued Paris or the Norman kings of England for their continental possession of Normandy. Nonetheless, Louis VI managed to reinforce his power considerably and became one of the first strong kings of France since the death of Charlemagne in 814.\nLouis was a warrior-king, but by his forties his weight had become so great that it was increasingly difficult for him to lead in the field. A biography \u2013 The Deeds of Louis the Fat, prepared by his loyal advisor Abbot Suger of Saint Denis \u2013 offers a fully developed portrait of his character, in contrast to what little historians know about most of his predecessors.\n\n", "Q497148": "L\u0119bork ([\u02c8l\u025bmb\u0254rk]; Kashubian: L\u00e3b\u00f2rg; German: Lauenburg in Pommern) is a town of 37,000 people on the \u0141eba and Okalica rivers in the Gda\u0144sk Pomerania region in northwestern Poland. L\u0119bork is also the capital of L\u0119bork County in Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, formerly the S\u0142upsk Voivodeship (1975\u20131998) and Gda\u0144sk Voivodeship (1945-1975).", "Q878712": "Anthony Carroll Knowles (born January 1, 1943) is an American politician and businessman who served as the seventh governor of Alaska from December 1994 to December 2002. Barred from seeking a third consecutive term as governor in 2002, he ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in 2004 and again for governor in 2006. In September 2008, Knowles became president of the National Energy Policy Institute, a non-profit energy policy organization funded by billionaire George Kaiser's family foundation, and located at the University of Tulsa.\nKnowles was discussed as a potential Secretary of the Interior or Secretary of Energy in an Obama cabinet, but in December 2008, Knowles was passed over in favor of Steven Chu as Energy secretary. He was also passed over in favor of Ken Salazar as Interior secretary. On April 28, 2010, Knowles was appointed to the National Park System Advisory Board by Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar.", "Q257889": "Sa Dingding (simplified Chinese: \u8428\u9876\u9876; traditional Chinese: \u85a9\u9802\u9802; pinyin: S\u00e0 D\u01d0ngd\u01d0ng, born Zhou Peng (\u5468\u9e4f), on 27 December 1979) is a Chinese folk singer and songwriter. She is of mixed Han Chinese and Mongol ancestry, and sings in languages including Mandarin Chinese, English, Standard Tibetan, as well as an imaginary self-created language to evoke emotions in her songs. She also plays traditional instruments such as the guzheng and morin khuur.\n\n", "Q3838986": "Lucky Chances is a 1990 television mini-series written by Jackie Collins and based on her bestselling novels Chances and Lucky. It starred Vincent Irizarry, Sandra Bullock, Eric Braeden, Nicollette Sheridan, Anne-Marie Johnson, Phil Morris, David McCallum, Richard Anderson and Robert Duncan McNeill. It was directed by Buzz Kulik.", "Q129445": "Selah Brewster Strong (May 1, 1792 Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York \u2013 November 29, 1872 Setauket, Suffolk Co, NY) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.", "Q99368": "Ernst Georg Altner (4 December 1901, Waldheim, Saxony \u2013 12 April 1945, Dortmund) was a German politician. He was a member of the Reichstag for the NSDAP (Nazi Party) during 1933 - 1945 and SS-Brigadef\u00fchrer. From 1942 until his death in 1945, Georg Altner was chief of police in Dortmund., In 1945, Ernst Georg Altner committed suicide.", "Q170530": "Sarah Jessica Parker (born March 25, 1965) is an American actress, producer, and designer. She is known for her role as Carrie Bradshaw on the HBO television series Sex and the City (1998\u20132004), for which she won two Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress in a Comedy Series and three Screen Actors Guild Awards. The character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of the greatest female characters in American television. She later reprised the role in films Sex and the City (2008) and Sex and the City 2 (2010).\nParker made her Broadway debut at the age of 11 in the 1976 revival of The Innocents, before going on to star in the title role of the Broadway musical Annie in 1979. She made her first major film appearances in the 1984 dramas Footloose and Firstborn. Her other film roles include L.A. Story (1991), Honeymoon in Vegas (1992), Hocus Pocus (1993), Ed Wood (1994), The First Wives Club (1996), The Family Stone (2005), Failure to Launch (2006), Did You Hear About the Morgans? (2009), and New Year's Eve (2011).\nIn 2012, Parker returned to television for the first time since Sex and the City, portraying Isabelle Wright in three episodes of the FOX series Glee. She is currently starring as Frances Dufresne in the HBO series Divorce (2016\u2013present), for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. Since 2005, she has run her own production company, Pretty Matches, which has been creating content for HBO and other channels.", "Q505358": "Andrew James Viterbi (born Andrea Giacomo Viterbi; March 9, 1935) is an American electrical engineer and businessman who co-founded Qualcomm Inc. and invented the Viterbi algorithm. He is currently Presidential Chair Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Southern California's Viterbi School of Engineering, which was named in his honor in 2004 in recognition of his $52 million gift.", "Q449634": "Shawntae Harris (born April 14, 1974), better known by her stage name Da Brat, is an American rapper and actress from Chicago, Illinois. Beginning her career in 1992, her debut album Funkdafied (1994) sold one million copies, making her the first female solo rap act to receive a platinum certification, and the second overall female rap act (solo or group) after Salt-N-Pepa. Brat has received two Grammy Award nominations. Some of her most successful songs/features include, \"I Think They Like Me\", \"Funkdafied\" and \"Loverboy\".", "Q1680851": "James E. Moore Jr. (born 1951) is an American composer, singer and music pedagogue from LaCrosse, Virginia.Moore was professor of music and liturgy at the Athenaeum in Ohio between 1977 and 1982, and music director of the Chor der Alten Burse in Vienna from 1984 to 1987. Since 1984 he has lived in Vienna, where he gives private lessons in singing and conducting.", "Q2778476": "Ulf Harry Peter Andersson (born 12 February 1953) is a Swedish actor, famous in Denmark for his role as the Faroese in the 2000 film Flickering Lights.", "Q88265": "Hugo Zuckermann (15 May 1881, Eger (Czech: Cheb), Royal Bohemia \u2013 23 December 1914, Eger) was a Jewish-Austrian poet and Zionist.\nZuckermann was born in Cheb. In 1907 he founded, together with writer Oskar Rosenfeld, Egon Brecher and others a Jewish theatre group to play modern Yiddish dramas in the German language. The initiative lasted for one or two years. Later he became a lawyer in Meran. He fell early in the First World War after having written the very popular \"\u00d6sterreichisches Reiterlied\". His work, published in one volume with an introduction by Otto Abeles in 1915, consists of poems including some translations from the Bible (Shir Hashirim, psalms). He also translated poems by Isaac Leib Peretz, Sholem Asch, Abraham Reisen, S. Schneir and other Yiddish authors.", "Q678445": "The Simsonbrunnen or Samson fountain is a fountain on the Kramgasse in the Old City of Bern, Switzerland. It is a Swiss Cultural Property of National Significance and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Old City of Bern.", "Q459427": "Imperium: Augustus is a 2003 joint British-Italian production, and part of the Imperium series. It tells of the life story of Octavian and how he became Augustus. Half the film takes place in the past (as Augustus explains to his daughter Julia how he became who he was) and the other half takes place in the later life of Augustus. \nThe drama starred Peter O'Toole as Augustus, Charlotte Rampling as Livia, Vittoria Belvedere as Julia, Ken Duken as Marcus Agrippa, Benjamin Sadler as Octavian (young Augustus) and Juan Diego Botto as Iullus Antonius. It was filmed in Tunisia. The film was produced by EOS Entertainment and Lux Vide for RAI, Telecinco and ZDF.", "Q97345": "Alfred Maul (1870 - 1942) was a German engineer who could be thought of as the father of aerial reconnaissance. Maul, who owned a machine works, experimented from 1900 with small solid-propellant sounding rockets.", "Q98076": "Gustav Steinbrecht (1808\u20131885) is considered one of the masters of dressage. His advice to ride the horse \"forward and straight\" is one of the foundation principles of German dressage training.", "Q8556": "Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (; Dutch: [\u02c8\u025btsx\u0259r \u02c8\u028bib\u0259 \u02c8d\u025bikstra] (listen); 11 May 1930 \u2013 6 August 2002) was a Dutch systems scientist, programmer, software engineer, science essayist, and pioneer in computing science. A theoretical physicist by training, he worked as a programmer at the Mathematisch Centrum (Amsterdam) from 1952 to 1962. A university professor for much of his life, Dijkstra held the Schlumberger Centennial Chair in Computer Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin from 1984 until his retirement in 1999. He was a professor of mathematics at the Eindhoven University of Technology (1962\u20131984) and a research fellow at the Burroughs Corporation (1973\u20131984).\nOne of the most influential figures of computing science's founding generation, Dijkstra helped shape the new discipline from both an engineering and a theoretical perspective. His fundamental contributions cover diverse areas of computing science, including compiler construction, operating systems, distributed systems, sequential and concurrent programming, programming paradigm and methodology, programming language research, program design, program development, program verification, software engineering principles, graph algorithms, and philosophical foundations of computer programming and computer science. Many of his papers are the source of new research areas. Several concepts and problems that are now standard in computer science were first identified by Dijkstra and/or bear names coined by him. As a foremost opponent of the mechanizing view of computing science, he refuted the use of the concepts of 'computer science' and 'software engineering' as umbrella terms for academic disciplines.\nUntil the mid-1960s computer programming was considered more an art (or a craft) than a scientific discipline. In Harlan Mills's words (1986), \"programming [before the 1970s] was regarded as a private, puzzle-solving activity of writing computer instructions to work as a program\". In the late 1960s, computer programming was in a state of crisis. Dijkstra was one of a small group of academics and industrial programmers who advocated a new programming style to improve the quality of programs. Dijkstra, who had a background in mathematics and physics, was one of the driving forces behind the acceptance of computer programming as a scientific discipline. He coined the phrase \"structured programming\" and during the 1970s this became the new programming orthodoxy. His ideas about structured programming helped lay the foundations for the birth and development of the professional discipline of software engineering, enabling programmers to organize and manage increasingly complex software projects. As Bertrand Meyer (2009) noted, \"The revolution in views of programming started by Dijkstra's iconoclasm led to a movement known as structured programming, which advocated a systematic, rational approach to program construction. Structured programming is the basis for all that has been done since in programming methodology, including object-oriented programming.\"The academic study of concurrent computing started in the 1960s, with Dijkstra (1965) credited with being the first paper in this field, identifying and solving the mutual exclusion problem. He was also one of the early pioneers of the research on principles of distributed computing. His foundational work on concurrency, semaphores, mutual exclusion, deadlock (deadly embrace), finding shortest paths in graphs, fault-tolerance, self-stabilization, among many other contributions comprises many of the pillars upon which the field of distributed computing is built. Shortly before his death in 2002, he received the ACM PODC Influential-Paper Award in distributed computing for his work on self-stabilization of program computation. This annual award was renamed the Dijkstra Prize (Edsger W. Dijkstra Prize in Distributed Computing) the following year. As the prize, sponsored jointly by the ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC) and the EATCS International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC), recognizes that \"No other individual has had a larger influence on research in principles of distributed computing\".", "Q494455": "The Wright brothers \u2013 Orville (August 19, 1871 \u2013 January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 \u2013 May 30, 1912) \u2013 were two American aviation pioneers generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful motor-operated airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft with the Wright Flyer on December 17, 1903, 4 mi (6 km) south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In 1904\u201305, the brothers developed their flying machine to make longer-running and more aerodynamic flights with the Wright Flyer II, followed by the first truly practical fixed-wing aircraft, the Wright Flyer III. The Wright brothers were also the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.\nThe brothers' breakthrough was their creation of a three-axis control system, which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain its equilibrium. This method remains standard on fixed-wing aircraft of all kinds. From the beginning of their aeronautical work, the Wright brothers focused on developing a reliable method of pilot control as the key to solving \"the flying problem\". This approach differed significantly from other experimenters of the time who put more emphasis on developing powerful engines. Using a small home-built wind tunnel, the Wrights also collected more accurate data than any before, enabling them to design more efficient wings and propellers. Their first U.S. patent did not claim invention of a flying machine, but a system of aerodynamic control that manipulated a flying machine's surfaces.The brothers gained the mechanical skills essential to their success by working for years in their Dayton, Ohio-based shop with printing presses, bicycles, motors, and other machinery. Their work with bicycles, in particular, influenced their belief that an unstable vehicle such as a flying machine could be controlled and balanced with practice. From 1900 until their first powered flights in late 1903, they conducted extensive glider tests that also developed their skills as pilots. Their shop employee Charlie Taylor became an important part of the team, building their first airplane engine in close collaboration with the brothers.\nThe Wright brothers' status as inventors of the airplane has been subject to counter-claims by various parties. Much controversy persists over the many competing claims of early aviators. Edward Roach, historian for the Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park, argues that they were excellent self-taught engineers who could run a small company, but they did not have the business skills or temperament to dominate the growing aviation industry.\n\n", "Q350880": "Marcel Duhamel (16 July 1900 in Paris \u2013 6 March 1977 in Saint-Laurent-du-Var) was a French actor and screenwriter, founder of the S\u00e9rie noire publishing imprint.\nHe played The Foreman in Jean Renoir's 1936 The Crime of Monsieur Lange.\nIn 1953 he was credited as screenplay writer for Cet homme est dangereux, a French film adaptation of Peter Cheyney's novel of the same name.\nHe translated and published Jim Thompson's 1964 pulp novel Pop. 1280 as 1275 \u00c2mes (\"souls\") in French in 1966. Thereafter, the book was transposed to French colonial Africa in Bertrand Tavernier's film Coup de Torchon (Clean Slate) in 1981.", "Q55004": "Kurt Julian Weill (March 2, 1900 \u2013 April 3, 1950) was a German composer, active from the 1920s in his native country, and in his later years in the United States. He was a leading composer for the stage who was best known for his fruitful collaborations with Bertolt Brecht. With Brecht, he developed productions such as his best-known work The Threepenny Opera, which included the ballad \"Mack the Knife\". Weill held the ideal of writing music that served a socially useful purpose. He also wrote several works for the concert hall. He became a United States citizen on August 27, 1943.", "Q129451": "Augustin Legrand is a French actor. He replaced Jonathan Goldsmith as Dos Equis' Most Interesting Man in the World in 2016.", "Q3435195": "Robert William \"Bob\" Galvin (October 9, 1922 \u2013 October 11, 2011) was a US executive. He was the son of the founder of Motorola, Paul Galvin, and served as the CEO of Motorola from 1959 to 1986.", "Q775607": "Aurelio Juri (born 27 July 1949) is a Slovenian politician and journalist of Italian ethnic origin. Between 2008 and 2009, he served as Member of the European Parliament. He was an influential member of the Social Democrats, before he left the party in 2009.\nJuri was born in an Italian-speaking family of Friulian descent in Pula, Croatia, then part of former Yugoslavia. He spent his childhood in the Slovenian coastal town of Koper, where he started his political career in the Communist Party of Slovenia. In 1978, he became a member of the Town Council. A staunch supporter of the reformist wing of the party led by Milan Ku\u010dan, became a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Slovenia in 1989, one year before the democratic changes in Slovenia. Between 1986 and 1990, he also served as chairman of the autonomous organization of the Italian Community of Koper.\nIn 1994, he became mayor of Koper, but resigned in 1996, after being elected to the Slovenian National Assembly on the list of the United List of Social Democrats. He remained in Parliament for three consecutive terms. In November 2008, he replaced the party leader Borut Pahor, who was elected Prime Minister of Slovenia, as member of the European Parliament.\nHis brother Franco Juri is a prominent cartoonist, musician, and politician. His son Luka Juri is also a journalist and prominent Social Democrat politician.", "Q139642": "Zachary John Quinto (; born June 2, 1977) is an American actor and film producer. He is known for his roles as Sylar on the science fiction drama series Heroes (2006\u20132010), Spock in the reboot Star Trek (2009) and its sequels Star Trek Into Darkness (2013) and Star Trek Beyond (2016), Charlie Manx in NOS4A2, as well as his Emmy nominated performance in American Horror Story: Asylum. His other film roles include Margin Call, What's Your Number?, Hitman: Agent 47, Snowden, and Hotel Artemis. He also appeared in smaller roles on television series such as So NoTORIous, The Slap, and 24, and on stage in Angels in America, The Glass Menagerie, and Smokefall.", "Q1200": "Rhineland-Palatinate (German: Rheinland-Pfalz, pronounced [\u02c8\u0281a\u026a\u032fnlant \u02c8p\u0361falt\u0361s]) is a state of Germany located in the west of the country. Covering an area of 19,846 km2 (7,663 sq mi) and with a population of 4.05 million inhabitants, it is the seventh-most populous German state. Mainz is the state capital and largest city, while other major cities include Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Koblenz, Trier, Kaiserslautern and Worms. Rhineland-Palatinate is surrounded by the states of North Rhine-Westphalia, Saarland, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg and Hesse. It also borders three foreign countries: France, Luxembourg and Belgium.\nRhineland-Palatinate was established in 1946 after World War II, from territory of the historically separate regions of the Free State of Prussia, People's State of Hesse and Bavaria, by the French military administration in Allied-occupied Germany. Rhineland-Palatinate became part of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 and shared the country's only border with the Saar Protectorate until it was returned to German control in 1957. Rhineland-Palatinate has since developed its own identity built on its natural and cultural heritage, including the extensive Palatinate winegrowing region, its picturesque landscapes and many castles and palaces.", "Q15420": "Granollers (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0261\u027e\u0259nu\u02c8\u028ees]) is a city in central Catalonia, about 30 kilometers northeast of Barcelona. It is the capital and most densely populated city of the comarca of Vall\u00e8s Oriental.\nGranollers is now a bustling business centre, having grown from a town dominated by Catalonia's textile industry that was so prominent during the 19th Century. However, in the southern portion of the municipality, the Palou area retains the agricultural characteristics of the past.Granollers forms a conurbation with Canovelles, Les Franqueses del Vall\u00e8s and the neighbourhood of La Torreta in La Roca del Vall\u00e8s. The city is crossed by the Congost river, a tributary of the Bes\u00f2s river. It is considered to be situated in the second crown of the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is around 25 km north-east of the centre of Barcelona.", "Q4141336": "Calvary Cemetery is a Roman Catholic cemetery that the Archdiocese of Los Angeles runs in the community of East Los Angeles. It is also called \"New Calvary Cemetery\" because it succeeded the original Calvary Cemetery (on north Broadway), over which Cathedral High School was built.", "Q610921": "Philippe Emile Fran\u00e7ois Gille (10 December 1831 \u2013 19 March 1901) was a French dramatist and opera librettist, who was born and died in Paris. He wrote over twenty librettos between 1857 and 1893, the most famous of which are Massenet's Manon and Delibes' Lakm\u00e9.\nAlthough Gille studied law and was a clerk for a time at the Pr\u00e9fecture de la Seine, he became secretary of the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Lyrique then from 1869 an art and music for Le Figaro.Gille was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie des beaux-arts in 1899.", "Q243630": "BRICS is the acronym coined for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Originally the first four were grouped as \"BRIC\" (or \"the BRICs\"), before the induction of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are known for their significant influence on regional affairs; all are members of G20. Since 2009, the BRICS nations have met annually at formal summits. China hosted the 9th BRICS summit in Xiamen on September 2017, while Brazil hosted the most recent 11th BRICS summit on 13-14 November 2019.\nIn 2015, the five BRICS countries represented over 3.1 billion people, or about 41% of the world population; four out of five members (excluding South Africa at #24) were in the top 10 of the world by population. As of 2018, these five nations had a combined nominal GDP of US$18.6 trillion, about 23.2% of the gross world product, a combined GDP (PPP) of around US$40.55 trillion (32% of World's GDP PPP), and an estimated US$4.46 trillion in combined foreign reserves. The BRICS have received both praise and criticism from numerous commentators. Bilateral relations among BRICS nations are conducted mainly on the basis of non-interference, equality, and mutual benefit.", "Q97351": "Barbara R\u00fctting (21 November 1927 \u2013 28 March 2020) was a German film actress, politician and author. She appeared in 50 films between 1952 and 1979.\nR\u00fctting won the German Film Award as Best New Actress of the Year in 1953. She was a star of German cinema in the 1950s and 1960s, appearing in Canaris with O. E. Hasse and The Last Bridge with Maria Schell. In 1961, she played the female lead as a journalist in the American-German film Town Without Pity, co-starring Kirk Douglas and Christine Kaufmann.\nAfter the 1970s, R\u00fctting's film and television appearances were sporadic. She instead focused on her career as a writer of children's and lifestyle books. She also became a vocal supporter of Environmental protection and Animal rights. She joined the Alliance 90/The Greens in the 1980s and was elected twice, in 2002 and 2008, into the Landtag of Bavaria (Bavarian parliament). She left the Greens in 2009 and became a member of V-Partei3 in 2016.", "Q98062": "Wolf Gremm (26 February 1942 \u2013 14 July 2015) was a German film director and screenwriter.\nGremm was born in Freiburg im Breisgau in 1942. In the 1960s, he studied German literature, psychology, sociology and theater. After graduation, he studied film direction at the Deutsche Film- und Fernsehakademie Berlin and directed his first feature film Ich dachte, ich w\u00e4r tot in 1973.\nDuring the 1970s and early 1980s, he produced several feature films. His greatest success was the 1980 film Fabian based on a novel by German author Erich K\u00e4stner. This film was chosen as West Germany's official submission to the 53rd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not nominated.He was a close friend of the German film director Rainer Werner Fassbinder, who also starred in Gremm's 1982 film Kamikaze 1989.", "Q215476": "Hertha Pauli (September 4, 1906 \u2013 February 9, 1973) was an Austrian journalist, author and actress.", "Q57613": "Ahmed Ouyahia (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0648\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u200e) (born 2 July 1952) is an Algerian politician who was Prime Minister of Algeria four times (1995\u201398, 2003\u20132006, 2008\u20132012, 2017\u20132019). A career diplomat, he also served as Minister of Justice, and he was one of the founders of the Democratic National Rally (RND) as well as the party's secretary-general. He is considered by Western observers to be close to the military of Algeria and a member of the \"eradicator\" faction in the 1990s civil war against Islamist militants.", "Q83324": "Sibiu (US: , UK: , Romanian: [si\u02c8biw], German: Hermannstadt [\u02c8h\u025b\u0281man\u0283tat], Hungarian: Nagyszeben [\u02c8n\u0252cs\u025bb\u025bn]) is a city in Transylvania, Romania, with a population of 147,245. Located some 275 km (171 mi) north-west of Bucharest, the city straddles the Cibin River, a tributary of the river Olt. Now the capital of Sibiu County, between 1692 and 1791 and 1849\u201365 Sibiu was also the capital of the Principality of Transylvania.\nSibiu is one of the most important cultural centres of Romania and was designated the European Capital of Culture for the year 2007, along with the city of Luxembourg. Formerly the centre of the Transylvanian Saxons, the old city of Sibiu was ranked as \"Europe's 8th-most idyllic place to live\" by Forbes in 2008. The city also administers the village of P\u0103ltini\u0219, a ski resort located 35 kilometres to the south.\n\n", "Q710": "Kiribati (), officially the Republic of Kiribati (Gilbertese: Ribaberiki Kiribati), is a country in the central Pacific Ocean. The permanent population is just over 110,000 (2015), more than half of whom live on Tarawa atoll. The state comprises 32 atolls and one raised coral island, Banaba. They have a total land area of 800 square kilometres (310 sq mi) and are dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres (1.3 million square miles). In terms with its Exclusive Economic Zone in the Pacific, it straddles all three primary geographic regions; Banaba (Melanesian-Micronesian Border), the Gilbert Islands (Micronesia) and the Line and Phoenix Islands (Polynesia).\nTheir spread straddles the equator and the 180th meridian, although the International Date Line goes round Kiribati and swings far to the east, almost reaching the 150\u00b0W meridian. This brings the Line Islands into the same day as the Kiribati Islands. Kiribati's easternmost islands, the southern Line Islands, south of Hawaii, have the most advanced time on Earth: UTC+14 hours. Kiribati is the only country in the world to be situated in all four hemispheres.\nKiribati gained its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming a sovereign state in 1979. The capital, South Tarawa, now the most populated area, consists of a number of islets, connected by a series of causeways. These comprise about half the area of Tarawa Atoll.\nKiribati is a member of the Pacific Community (SPC), Commonwealth of Nations, the IMF, and the World Bank, and became a full member of the United Nations in 1999.", "Q2709": "Sasha Grey (born Marina Ann Hantzis, March 14, 1988) is an American actress and model. Grey began her acting career in the pornographic film industry, winning 15 awards for her work between 2007 and 2010, including the AVN Award for Female Performer of the Year in 2008.Grey has been featured in music videos, documentaries, advertising campaigns, artworks, and magazines. After her 2009 feature film debut as the lead in Steven Soderbergh's The Girlfriend Experience, she starred in independent films including Open Windows, the Canadian black comedy horror film Smash Cut and the horror film Would You Rather. In 2011, she played a fictionalized version of herself in the HBO comedy-drama series Entourage.\nGrey was a co-founder, singer, and writer of aTelecine, an industrial music band. She is the author of The Juliette Society trilogy of novels and also writes, directs, and co-produces films and music videos.\n\n", "Q374936": "Dorsey Burnette (December 28, 1932 \u2013 August 19, 1979) was an American early rockabilly singer. With his younger brother Johnny Burnette and a friend named Paul Burlison, he was a founder member of The Rock and Roll Trio. He is also the father of country musician and Fleetwood Mac member Billy Burnette.", "Q113901": "Christoph Meineke (born March 13, 1979 in Hanover) is a German non-party politician and since January 2007 the first directly elected strong mayor of the municipality of Wennigsen (Deister).", "Q7794214": "Thomas Greenway Stockham (December 22, 1933 \u2013 January 6, 2004) was an American scientist who developed one of the first practical digital audio recording systems, and pioneered techniques for digital audio recording and processing as well.\nStockham was born in Passaic, New Jersey. Stockham attended Montclair Kimberley Academy, graduating in the class of 1951. Known as the \"father of digital recording\", he earned an Sc.D. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1959 and was appointed Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering. Early in his academic career at MIT, Stockham worked closely with Amar Bose, founder of Bose Corporation, on the use of digital computers for measurement and simulation of room acoustics and for audio recording and enhancement. While at MIT, he noticed several of the students using an MIT Lincoln Laboratory TX-0 mainframe computer installed at the campus to record their voices digitally into the computer's memory, using a microphone and a loudspeaker connected to an A/D-D/A converter attached to the TX-0. This expensive tape recorder led Stockham to his own digital audio experiments on this same computer in 1962.\nIn 1968 he left MIT for the University of Utah, and in 1975 founded Soundstream, Inc. The company developed a 16-bit digital audio recording system using a 16-track Honeywell instrumentation tape recorder as a transport, connected to digital audio recording and playback hardware of Stockham's design. It ran at a sampling rate of 50 kHz, as opposed to the audio CD sampling rate of 44.1 kHz.\nSoundstream Inc. was the first commercial digital recording company in the United States, located in Salt Lake City. Stockham was the first to make a commercial digital recording, using his own Soundstream recorder in 1976 at the Santa Fe Opera. In 1980, Soundstream merged with the Digital Recording Company (DRC) and became DRC/Soundstream.\nStockham played a key role in the digital restoration of Enrico Caruso recordings, described in a 1975 IEEE paper. These acoustic recordings were the first to be digitally restored by computer, and were released on the album Caruso - A Legendary Performer, issued in 1976 by RCA Records.\nIn 1974, he investigated President Richard Nixon's White House tapes, alongside fellow members of the panel of persons nominated jointly by the White House and the Special Prosecution Force. It was he who discovered that the 18 minutes of erasures were not accidental, as Nixon's secretary Rosemary Woods claimed. Stockham was able to discern several distinct erasures and even determined the order of erasure.\nStockham's team reached agreement on seven conclusions detailed in their 87-page report to Chief Judge John J. Sirica:\n\n1. The erasing and recording operations that produced the buzz \nsection were done directly on the evidence tape.2. The Uher 5000 recorder designated Government Exhibit #60 probably produced the entire buzz section.3. The erasures and buzz recordings were done in at least five, and perhaps as many as nine, separate and contiguous segments.4. Erasure and recording of each segment required hand operation of keyboard controls on the Uher 5000 machine.5. Erased portions of the tape probably contained speech originally.6. Recovery of the speech is not possible by any method known to us.7. The evidence tape, insofar as we have determined, is an original and not a copy.\nStockham's developments and contributions to digital audio paved the way for later digital audio technologies, such as the audio compact disc and Digital Audio Tape.\nStockham received wide recognition for his pioneering contributions to digital audio. He received, among many others, the Gold Medal award from the Audio Engineering Society in 1987, a Technical Emmy award in 1988, the Poniatoff Gold Medal from the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, a Grammy award from NARAS in 1994, the IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal in 1998 and a Scientific and Engineering award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 1999.", "Q313013": "Brian Douglas Wilson (born June 20, 1942) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer who co-founded the Beach Boys. After signing with Capitol Records in 1962, Wilson wrote or co-wrote more than two dozen Top 40 hits for the group. In addition to his unorthodox approaches to pop composition and mastery of recording techniques, Wilson is known for his lifelong struggles with mental illness. He is often referred to as a genius and is widely acknowledged as one of the most innovative and significant songwriters of the late 20th century.The Beach Boys were formed by Wilson with his brothers Dennis and Carl, their cousin Mike Love, and friend Al Jardine. Brian, who grew up influenced by 1950s rock and roll and jazz-based vocal groups, originally functioned as the band's songwriter, producer, co-lead vocalist, bassist, keyboardist, and de facto leader. In 1964, he suffered a nervous breakdown and stopped touring with the group, which led to more personal work such as Pet Sounds (1966) and the unfinished Smile. As his mental health deteriorated, his contributions to the band diminished, and over the next decade, he was reputed for his reclusive lifestyle and substance abuse. Following a 1992 court-ordered removal from the care of psychologist Eugene Landy, Wilson started receiving conventional medical treatment, and in the late 1990s, he began performing and recording consistently as a solo artist. He remains a member of the Beach Boys' corporation, Brother Records Inc.\nWilson was the first pop artist credited for writing, arranging, producing, and performing his own material. He is considered a major innovator in the field of music production, the principal originator of the California Sound, one of the first music producer auteurs, and the first rock producer to use the studio as its own instrument. The unusual creative control Capitol gave him over his own records effectively set a precedent that allowed other bands and artists to act as their own producers or co-producers. Wilson's success also led to a proliferation of like-minded California producers who helped supplant New York as the center of popular records. The zeitgeist of the early 1960s is commonly associated with his early songs, and he was a major influence on the retrospectively-termed \"sunshine pop\" and Flower Power music that proceeded.\nIn later years, Wilson became influential to the spirit of punk rock and was regarded as \"godfather\" to an era of indie musicians who were inspired by his melodic sensibilities, chamber pop orchestrations, and recording explorations. His honors include being inducted into the 1988 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame class and winning Grammy Awards for Brian Wilson Presents Smile (2004) and The Smile Sessions (2011). In lists published by Rolling Stone, Wilson ranked 52 for the \"100 Greatest Singers of All Time\" in 2008 and 12 for the \"100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\" in 2015. In 2012, music publication NME ranked Wilson number 8 in its \"50 Greatest Producers Ever\" list, elaborating \"few consider quite how groundbreaking Brian Wilson's studio techniques were in the mid-60s\". His life was dramatized in the 2014 biopic Love & Mercy.", "Q132071": "David Albert Scott (born June 27, 1945) is the U.S. Representative for Georgia's 13th congressional district, serving since 2003. The district includes the southern fourth of Atlanta, as well as several of its suburbs to the south and west. He is a member of the Democratic Party.\n\n", "Q95220": "Blerim Destani is an Albanian actor and producer. He is best known for his roles in Time of the Comet and Dossier K.", "Q2983587": "Dawson College is an English-language Coll\u00e8ge d\u2019enseignement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et professionnel (CEGEP) located in Westmount, Quebec, Canada. It is situated near the heart of downtown Montreal in a former nunnery on approximately 12 acres (5 ha) of green space. It is the largest CEGEP in the province of Quebec, with a student population of approximately 8,000 day students and 3,000 evening students enrolled in more than 30 fields of study.", "Q974128": "Andr\u00e9 Rouveyre (29 March 1879 \u2013 18 December 1962) was an early twentieth-century French writer, caricaturist, and graphic artist. A member of several culturally elite circles of his day, he is perhaps equally remembered as the subject of drawings by prominent European artists Henri Matisse and Amedeo Modigliani.\nHaving met Matisse in Gustave Moreau's atelier in 1896, the two would continue a lifelong friendship that included hundreds of letters of published\ncorrespondence as well as collaboration on such works as Repli (1947) and Apollinaire (1953).\nRouveyre's own drawings show a mixture of early Minimalism (reminiscent of Matisse) with Expressionism. The caricatural nature of his work is aptly described by Aldous Huxley in the novel Crome Yellow when a character encounters his own unflattering portrait: \"A mute, inglorious Rouveyre appeared in every one of those cruelly clear lines.\"\nRouveyre died in December 1962 in Barbizon, France.", "Q82984": "Charles Pierre de Fr\u00e9dy, Baron de Coubertin (French: [pj\u025b\u0281 d\u0259 kub\u025b\u0281t\u025b\u0303]; born Pierre de Fr\u00e9dy; 1 January 1863 \u2013 2 September 1937, also known as Pierre de Coubertin and Baron de Coubertin) was a French educator and historian, founder of the International Olympic Committee, and its second President. He is known as the father of the modern Olympic Games.\nBorn into a French aristocratic family, he became an academic and studied a broad range of topics, most notably education and history. He graduated with a degree in law and public affairs Paris Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po). It was at Sciences Po that he came up with the idea of the Summer Olympic Games.The Pierre de Coubertin medal (also known as the Coubertin medal or the True Spirit of Sportsmanship medal) is an award given by the International Olympic Committee to athletes who demonstrate the spirit of sportsmanship in the Olympic Games.", "Q20183163": "The Union Pacific Corporation (Union Pacific) is a publicly traded railroad holding company. It was established in 1969 and is headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska. It is the parent company of the current form of the Union Pacific Railroad.\nUnion Pacific was located in New York City from the company's re-founding in 1969 until Drew Lewis became CEO in the mid-1980s. He relocated the corporate headquarters to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Later the headquarters was shifted to Dallas, Texas, before relocating the corporate headquarters to Omaha to join the Union Pacific Railroad headquarters. Lance M. Fritz is the current chairman, president and chief executive officer.\nThe Union Pacific Corporation has a portfolio of acquiring the Missouri Pacific Railroad which included the Missouri\u2013Kansas\u2013Texas Railroad, the Chicago and North Western Transportation Company, the Western Pacific Railroad, the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad, the St. Louis Southwestern Railway, the SPCSL Corporation, and the Southern Pacific Transportation Company. All railroads not including the Southern Pacific Transportation Company were merged into the previous form of the Union Pacific Railroad. As part of the UP-SP merger which included the merging of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad, the St. Louis Southwestern Railway and the SPCSL Corporation into the previous form of the Union Pacific Railroad, the Union Pacific Corporation merged the previous form of the Union Pacific Railroad into the Southern Pacific Transportation Company and renamed the Southern Pacific Transportation Company to the current form of the Union Pacific Railroad.\nThe Union Pacific Corporation's main competitor is Burlington Northern Santa Fe, LLC, the parent company of BNSF Railway. BNSF is the nation's second largest freight rail network and primarily services the same territory as Union Pacific, west of the Mississippi River. Together, Union Pacific and BNSF have a duopoly on all long-haul freight rail service in the Western United States.", "Q434185": "Ron Ben-Yishai (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05df-\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9, born October 26, 1943) is an award winning Israeli journalist. A veteran war correspondent, Ben-Yishai has covered many military conflicts in several different regions. In 2018, he won the Israel Prize, the Israel's most prestigious civic honor.", "Q152785": "Pauline Bonaparte (20 October 1780 \u2013 9 June 1825) was an Italian noblewoman, the first sovereign Duchess of Guastalla in Italy, an imperial French princess and the princess consort of Sulmona and Rossano. She was the sixth child of Letizia Ramolino and Carlo Buonaparte, Corsica's representative to the court of King Louis XVI of France. Her elder brother, Napoleon, was the first emperor of the French. She married Charles Leclerc, a French general, a union ended by his death in 1802. Later, she married Camillo Borghese, 6th Prince of Sulmona. Her only child, Dermide Leclerc, born from her first marriage, died in childhood. She was the only Bonaparte sibling to visit Napoleon in exile on his principality, Elba.", "Q172455": "Boulogne-Billancourt (French pronunciation: \u200b[bul\u0254\u0272 bij\u0251\u0303ku\u0281]; often colloquially called simply Boulogne, until 1924 Boulogne-sur-Seine) is a commune in the western suburbs, and 8 km (5.0 mi) from the centre, of the French capital Paris. Boulogne-Billancourt is a subprefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department and the seat of the Arrondissement of Boulogne-Billancourt.", "Q48055": "Sergey Semyonovich Biryuzov (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0438\u0440\u044e\u0437\u043e\u0301\u0432; 21 August 1904 \u2013 19 October 1964) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union and Chief of the General Staff.\n\n", "Q27304761": "Asgardia, also known as the Space Kingdom of Asgardia and \"Asgardia the Space Nation\", is a micronation formed by a group of people who have launched a satellite into Earth orbit. They refer to themselves as \"Asgardians\" and they have given their satellite the name \"Asgardia-1\". They have declared sovereignty over the space occupied by and contained within Asgardia\u200a-1. The Asgardians have adopted a constitution and they intend to access outer space free of the control of existing nations and establish a permanent settlement on the Moon by 2043.Igor Ashurbeyli, the founder of the Aerospace International Research Center, proposed the establishment of Asgardia on 12 October 2016. The Constitution of the Space Kingdom of Asgardia was adopted on 18 June 2017 and it became effective on 9 September 2017. Asgardia's administrative center is located in Vienna, Austria.The Cygnus spacecraft that carried Asgardia-1 into space released Asgardia-1 and two other satellites on 12 November 2017. The Space Kingdom of Asgardia has claimed that it is now \"the first nation to have all of its territory in space.\" Legal scholars doubt that Asgardia-1 can be regarded as a sovereign territory and Asgardia has not yet attained the goal of being recognised as a nation state.", "Q11120": "Werl is a town located in the district of Soest in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.", "Q78196": "Kurt Lechner (born 26 October 1942, Kaiserslautern) is a German politician and former Member of the European Parliament for Rhineland-Palatinate.He is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party. He resigned his seat in March 2012 due to age. He was replaced by Birgit Collin-Langen.", "Q57175": "Josef \"Sepp\" Dietrich (28 May 1892 \u2013 21 April 1966) was a German politician and SS commander during the Nazi era. He joined the Nazi Party in 1928 and was elected to the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic in 1930. Prior to 1929, Dietrich was Adolf Hitler's chauffeur and bodyguard. He received rapid promotions in the SS after his participation in the extrajudicial executions of political opponents during the 1934 purge known as the Night of the Long Knives. \nDespite having no formal staff officer training, Dietrich was, along with Paul Hausser, the highest-ranking officer in the Waffen-SS, the paramilitary branch of the SS. Reaching the rank of Oberst-Gruppenf\u00fchrer, he commanded units up to army level during World War II. As commanding officer of the 6th Panzer Army during the Battle of the Bulge, Dietrich bore responsibility for the Malmedy massacre, the murder of U.S. prisoners of war in December 1944. \nAfter the war, Dietrich was convicted of war crimes at the Malmedy massacre trial, conducted by the U.S. military tribunal, and later in West Germany for his involvement in the 1934 purge. Upon his release from the U.S. prison, he became active in HIAG, a lobby group established by former high-ranking Waffen-SS personnel. Dietrich died in 1966.", "Q442013": "Constance Alice Zimmer (born October 11, 1970) is an American actress. She rose to prominence for playing Dana Gordon in the television series Entourage (2005\u20132011) and Claire Simms in the television series Boston Legal (2006\u20132007). She went on to appear in many television series, notably Love Bites (2011) and House of Cards (2013\u20132018).\nZimmer gained recognition for her role in the television series Unreal (2015\u20132018), for which she received a Critics' Choice Television Award and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in 2016.", "Q862038": "William Szathmary (October 5, 1924 \u2013 June 15, 2017), known as Bill Dana, was an American comedian, actor, and screenwriter. He often appeared on television shows such as The Ed Sullivan Show, frequently in the guise of a heavily accented Bolivian character named Jos\u00e9 Jim\u00e9nez. Dana often portrayed the Jim\u00e9nez character as an astronaut.", "Q97437": "Wilhelm von Le Suire (9 June 1787 \u2013 10 March 1852), known in Greece as Lessouiros (Greek: \u039b\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u0390\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u039b\u03b5\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u0390\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2), was a Bavarian Lieutenant General, War Minister under Otto of Greece during 1834 and under Maximilian II of Bavaria from 21 November 1848 to 29 May 1849.", "Q25285": "The Tatar language (\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435, tatar tele or \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0447\u0430, tatar\u00e7a) is a Turkic language spoken by Tatars mainly located in modern Tatarstan (European Russia), as well as Siberia. It should not be confused with the Crimean Tatar or Siberian Tatar which are closely related but belong to different subgroups of the Kipchak languages.", "Q176633": "Solomon L\u00f6wisohn, (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d5\u05d9\u05d6\u05d5\u05df\u200e, Hungarian: L\u0151wisohn Salamon; 1788 in M\u00f3r, District of Stuhlweissenburg, Kingdom of Hungary \u2013 April 27, 1821 in M\u00f3r) was a Jewish Hungarian historian and poet.\nHe studied at the yeshivah of Prague; among his fellow students being his relative Moses Saphir, the Galicia-born humourist. He subsequently became a corrector in the printing establishment of Anton Edler von Schmid in Vienna.", "Q215310": "Anna Henrietta Bergendahl (born 11 December 1991) is a Swedish singer. She took part in Swedish TV4 music program Super Troupers in 2004, and in Idol 2008 where she reached the Final 5 before being eliminated.In 2009, Bergendahl signed for Lionheart Records. Her debut album was released on 14 April 2010. Bergendahl won Melodifestivalen 2010 with the song \"This Is My Life\" and represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Norway, although she was unable to qualify for the final. The song hit No. 1 on the Swedish Singles Chart on 5 March 2010.", "Q159808": "Black Cat, White Cat (Serbian: \u0426\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0430, \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0447\u043e\u0440; Crna ma\u010dka, beli ma\u010dor) is a 1998 Serbian romantic black comedy film directed by Emir Kusturica. It won the Silver Lion for Best Direction at the Venice Film Festival.\nThe literal translation of the title is actually \"Black (female) cat, white tomcat\". The movie characters speak in Romani, Serbian, and Bulgarian - frequently switching among them.", "Q440604": "Shari Lewis (January 17, 1933 \u2013 August 2, 1998) was an American ventriloquist, puppeteer, children's entertainer, comedian, and television show host. She was best known as the original puppeteer of the sock puppet Lamb Chop, first appearing on Captain Kangaroo in March 1956 and then Hi Mom, a local morning television show that aired on WRCA-TV (now WNBC-TV) in New York City.", "Q131578": "J-pop (Japanese: \u30b8\u30a7\u30a4\u30dd\u30c3\u30d7, jeipoppu; often stylized as J-POP; an abbreviation for Japanese pop), natively also known simply as pops (\u30dd\u30c3\u30d7\u30b9, poppusu), is a musical genre that entered the musical mainstream of Japan in the 1990s. Modern J-pop has its roots in traditional Japanese music, but significantly in 1960s pop and rock music, such as The Beatles and The Beach Boys, which led to Japanese rock bands such as Happy End fusing rock with Japanese music in the early 1970s. J-pop was further defined by new wave and crossover fusion acts of the late 1970s such as Yellow Magic Orchestra and Southern All Stars, then Eurobeat in the early 1990s, namely Namie Amuro.Eventually, J-pop replaced kay\u014dkyoku (\"Lyric Singing Music\", a term for Japanese pop music from the 1920s to the 1980s) in the Japanese music scene. The term was coined by the Japanese media to distinguish Japanese music from foreign music and now refers to most Japanese popular music. Popular styles of Japanese pop music included technopop during the 1970s\u20131980s, city pop in the 1980s, and Shibuya-kei in the 1990s.", "Q4938921": "Boland Timothy Jones (born February 17, 1960) is an American entrepreneur and executive. He is best known as the founder of PGi, a publicly traded telecommunications provider headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.", "Q382078": "Dallas Page (born Page Joseph Falkinburg, April 5, 1956), better known by his ring name Diamond Dallas Page (DDP), is an American semi-retired professional wrestler, fitness instructor, motivational speaker, and actor. In the course of his wrestling career, which spanned two decades, Page has wrestled for mainstream wrestling promotions World Championship Wrestling (WCW), the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), and All Elite Wrestling (AEW).\nFalkinburg first broke into the wrestling business in 1988, as a manager in the American Wrestling Association, where he worked for nine months before signing with WCW in 1991. There, he continued as a manager until late 1991, when he became a wrestler. Over a decade in WCW, Falkinburg became a three-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion, two-time WCW United States Heavyweight Champion, four-time WCW World Tag Team Champion and one-time WCW World Television Champion. He is the fourth WCW Triple Crown Champion, and the only United States Heavyweight Champion to defend the title in a pay-per-view main event, defeating Bret Hart at the 1998 World War 3.\nAfter WCW was sold in 2001, Page signed with the WWF where he made his pay-per-view debut in the main event of July's Invasion show, and went on to become a one-time WWF European Champion and one-time WWF World Tag Team Champion. Due to a series of injuries, he allowed his contract with the company to expire in 2002. He worked for TNA from 2004 to 2005, challenging for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship in the main event of Destination X 2005.\nOn February 20, 2017, WWE announced that Page would be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame as part of the class of 2017, and on March 31, 2017, he was officially inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Eric Bischoff.", "Q3125165": "The Federal Democratic Republican Party (Spanish: Partido Republicano Democr\u00e1tico Federal, PRDF) was a Spanish political party founded in 1868 during the Glorious Revolution that was active until 1912. Its ideology was federal republicanism and progressivism.", "Q282722": "Michael Trent Reznor (born May 17, 1965) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, and film score composer. He is the founder, lead vocalist, and principal songwriter of the industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails, which he founded in 1988 and of which he was the sole official member until adding long-time collaborator Atticus Ross as a permanent member in 2016. His first release under the Nine Inch Nails name, the 1989 album Pretty Hate Machine, was a commercial and critical success. He has since released 11 Nine Inch Nails studio albums. He left Interscope Records in 2007 and was an independent recording artist until signing with Columbia Records in 2012.\nReznor was associated with the bands Option 30, The Urge, The Innocent, and Exotic Birds in the mid-1980s. Outside of Nine Inch Nails, he has contributed to the albums of artists such as Marilyn Manson and Saul Williams. Reznor and his wife, Mariqueen Maandig, are members of the post-industrial group How to Destroy Angels, with Atticus Ross and long-time Nine Inch Nails graphic designer Rob Sheridan.Reznor and Ross scored the David Fincher films The Social Network (2010), The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011), and Gone Girl (2014), winning the Academy Award for Best Original Score for The Social Network and the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media for The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. They scored the 2018 film Bird Box and composed original music for the 2019 TV series Watchmen. In 1997, Reznor appeared in Time's list of the year's most influential people, and Spin magazine described him as \"the most vital artist in music\".", "Q17579": "Tsutomu Yamaguchi (\u5c71\u53e3 \u5f4a, Yamaguchi Tsutomu) (March 16, 1916 \u2013 January 4, 2010) was a survivor of both the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings during World War II. Although at least 70 people are known to have been affected by both bombings, he is the only person to have been officially recognized by the government of Japan as surviving both explosions.Yamaguchi, a resident of Nagasaki, was in Hiroshima on business for his employer Mitsubishi Heavy Industries when the city was bombed at 8:15 am, on August 6, 1945. He returned to Nagasaki the following day and, despite his wounds, he returned to work on August 9, the day of the second atomic bombing. That morning, whilst being berated by his supervisor as \"crazy\" after describing how one bomb had destroyed the city, the Nagasaki bomb detonated. In 1957, he was recognized as a hibakusha (explosion-affected person) of the Nagasaki bombing, but it was not until March 24, 2009, that the government of Japan officially recognized his presence in Hiroshima three days earlier. He died of stomach cancer on January 4, 2010, at the age of 93.", "Q352701": "Richard Loo (October 1, 1903 \u2013 November 20, 1983) was a third generation Chinese-American film actor who was one of the most familiar Asian character actors in American films of the 1930s and 1940s. A prolific actor, he appeared in over 120 films between 1931 and 1982.", "Q230190": "Samantha Jane Morton (born 13 May 1977) is an English actress and director. She has received numerous accolades, including a British Academy Television Award, a British Independent Film Award and a Golden Globe Award, as well as nominations for two Academy Awards, a Primetime Emmy Award, and a British Academy Film Award.\nMorton was a member of the Central Junior Television Workshop in her native Nottingham, and later began her career in British television in 1991. She guest-starred in Soldier Soldier and Cracker and had a bigger role in the ITV series Band of Gold. She made the transition to film with lead roles in the dramas Emma (1996), Jane Eyre (1997), and the well-received Under the Skin (1997). The latter led director Woody Allen to cast Morton in Sweet and Lowdown (1999), which earned her nominations for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress.\nEstablished as a prominent force on the independent film scene by the early 2000s, Morton starred in Morvern Callar (2002), which garnered her the BIFA Award for Best Actress, and she received her second Academy Award nomination for her performance in In America (2003), this time for Best Actress. Her role in the commercially successful sci-fi thriller Minority Report (2002) was followed by biographical portrayals of Myra Hindley in Longford (2006), Deborah Curtis in Control (2007), and Mary, Queen of Scots in Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007). For her role in Longford, she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Series, Miniseries or Television Film. \nMorton made her directorial debut with the television film The Unloved (2009), which won the BAFTA Television Award for Best Single Drama. She had also starred in films such as The Messenger (2009), John Carter (2012), Decoding Annie Parker (2013), and Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016). By the late 2010s, she often ventured back into television, starring in the series The Last Panthers (2015), Rillington Place (2016), Harlots (2017\u2013present), and The Walking Dead (2019\u20132020).", "Q60929": "Hugo Schmeisser (24 September 1884 \u2013 12 September 1953) was a German developer of 20th century infantry weapons.\nSchmeisser was born in Jena, Thuringia. His father, Louis Schmeisser (1848\u20131917), was one of the best-known weapons designers in Europe. The life and work of Hugo Schmeisser mostly took place in the weapons manufacturing city of Suhl, Thuringia.", "Q701810": "Race Wong is a Singaporean actress, singer and businesswoman. She was one of the former Hong Kong cantopop duo singer group 2R alongside her elder sister Rosanne Wong.", "Q510769": "Robert James Brown (23 July 1921 \u2013 11 November 2003) was an English actor, best known for his portrayal of M in the James Bond films from 1983 to 1989, succeeding Bernard Lee, who died in 1981.Brown made his first appearance as M in Octopussy in 1983.Brown was born and died in Swanage, Dorset. Before appearing in the Bond films, he had a long career as a bit-part actor in films and television. He had a starring role in the 1950s television series Ivanhoe where he played Gurth, the faithful companion of Ivanhoe, played by Roger Moore. He had previously made an uncredited appearance as a castle guard in the unrelated 1952 film Ivanhoe. He had an uncredited appearance as the galley-master in Ben-Hur (1959) and as factory worker Bert Harker in the BBC's 1960s soap opera The Newcomers. In One Million Years B.C. (1966), he played grunting caveman Akhoba, brutal head of the barbaric \"Rock tribe\".Brown first started in the James Bond franchise in the film The Spy Who Loved Me as Admiral Hargreaves, appearing alongside Lee. After Lee's death in January 1981, Broccoli and the other producers, decided to leave M out of For Your Eyes Only out of respect for Lee and assigned his lines to M's Chief of Staff Bill Tanner. In 1983, Brown was hired to portray M on the recommendation of Bond actor Roger Moore, his Ivanhoe co-star and the father of Brown's goddaughter Deborah. It was never clearly established if Brown was the same M as Lee's character, or a different M, perhaps a promoted Hargreaves. In 1995, Brown was succeeded as M by Judi Dench in GoldenEye.", "Q507215": "Michael Anthony Sobolewski (born June 20, 1954) is an American musician who is currently the bassist and backing vocalist for the rock supergroups Chickenfoot and the Circle. Anthony was previously the bassist and background vocalist for Van Halen from 1974 to 2006.\nAnthony has a signature Schecter Guitar Research bass-guitar series and owns in excess of 150 bass guitars. In addition to his musical career with Van Halen and other acts, Anthony markets a line of hot sauces and related products named Mad Anthony.", "Q113097": "Ruth Maier (10 November 1920 in Vienna, Austria \u2013 1 December 1942 in Auschwitz, Poland) was an Austrian woman whose diaries describing her experiences of the Holocaust in Austria and Norway were published in 2007; reviews described her as \"Norway's Anne Frank.\"", "Q94116": "Otto Scrinzi (5 February 1918 in Lienz, Tirol \u2013 2 January 2012 in Moosburg, Austria), was an Austrian neurologist, journalist and politician (VdU/FP\u00d6).\nDuring the Austrian Anschluss with Nazi Germany and World War II, Scrinzi was a member of the Hitler Youth, the Nazi Party and an SA Sturmf\u00fchrer. Later, he became the leading representative of the German nationalist wing of the so-called \u201cthird camp\u201d (Drittes Lager), namely the Federation of Independents (VdU) and later the Freedom Party of Austria (FP\u00d6). While he described himself as \u201cnational-conservative\u201d, \u201cright-wing\u201d and \u201cconservative\u201d, others outside the FP\u00d6 described him as a far-right politician.He got the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria.", "Q517006": "Eduardo Torroja y Miret, (27 August 1899 \u2013 15 June 1961) was a Spanish structural engineer and a pioneer in the design of concrete shell structures.\n\n", "Q325589": "James Lewis Thomas Chalmers Spence (25 November 1874 \u2013 3 March 1955) was a Scottish journalist, poet, author, folklorist and occult scholar. Spence was a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, and Vice-President of the Scottish Anthropological and Folklore Society. He founded the Scottish National Movement.", "Q215338": "Jona, Baron von Ustinov (Russian: \u0418\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432, romanized: Iona Platonovich Ustinov; 2 December 1892 \u2013 1 December 1962), also known as Klop Ustinov (\u041a\u043b\u043e\u043f \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432), was a German journalist and diplomat who worked for MI5 during the time of the Nazi regime. His father was the Russian-born emigre Baron Plato von Ustinov (1840\u20131918). His son was the actor Sir Peter Ustinov.\n\n", "Q127332": "Charlotte Bront\u00eb (, commonly ; 21 April 1816 \u2013 31 March 1855) was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Bront\u00eb sisters who survived into adulthood and whose novels became classics of English literature.\nShe enlisted in school at Roe Head in January 1831, aged 14 years. She left the year after to teach her sisters, Emily and Anne, at home, returning in 1835 as a governess. In 1839 she undertook the role as governess for the Sidgwick family but left after a few months to return to Haworth where the sisters opened a school, but failed to attract pupils. Instead, they turned to writing and they each first published in 1846 under the pseudonyms of Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. While her first novel, The Professor, was rejected by publishers, her second novel, Jane Eyre, was published in 1847. The sisters admitted to their Bell pseudonyms in 1848, and by the following year were celebrated in London literary circles.\nBront\u00eb was the last to die of all her siblings. She became pregnant shortly after her marriage in June 1854 but died on 31 March 1855, almost certainly from hyperemesis gravidarum, a complication of pregnancy which causes excessive nausea and vomiting.", "Q65851": "Gunzgen is a municipality in the district of Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q44647": "Otfried Preu\u00dfler (sometimes spelled as Otfried Preussler) (20 October 1923 \u2013 18 February 2013) was a German children's books author. More than 50 million copies of his books have been sold worldwide and they have been translated into 55 languages. His best-known works are The Robber Hotzenplotz and The Satanic Mill (Krabat).", "Q90370": "Alfred Proksch (8 March 1891 in Larischau (Czech: L\u00e1ry\u0161ov; now a part of B\u00fdkov-L\u00e1ry\u0161ov (German: Pickau-Larischau), nearby J\u00e4gerndorf, Austrian Silesia \u2013 3 January 1981 in Vienna) was an Austrian Nazi Party official.\nProksch enrolled in the Kaiser Infantry Regiment No. 1 of the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1910 and then the Railway Academy in Linz in 1912 before taking a job with the government railways. He returned to the army in 1914 with the Infantry Regiment No. 91 and saw action during the First World War in Poland and Russia. He first became involved in politics in 1912 when he joined the German Workers' Party and worked on behalf of the party in Silesia and Moravia.After his war service Proksch settled in the now much smaller Austria and returned to politics by rejoining the renamed Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei. Proksch met Adolf Hitler in his earliest years as a Nazi and became a loyal follower of the German from then on. Proksch launched the Nazis in Upper Austria, where he would serve as Gauleiter, and founded both the party newspaper Volksstimme and the NSP-Verlag publishing house. In 1922, Proksch began to team up with the Passau National Socialists to fight against leftists in Linz. Later, he was a featured speaker in Passau and other towns in Lower Bavaria. He also served on Linz City Council for the party from 1923 to 1932.Proksch was appointed deputy Landesleiter in 1928 and then held the full leader's post between 1931 and 1933, although real power rested with Hitler's German appointee Theodor Habicht. However Proksch did have strong influence over finances and he was credited with eliminating the 30,000 schillings of debt that the party found itself in. He fled to Germany on 24 June 1933 following the banning of the Nazi Party in Austria but returned in time to take part in the coup attempt that resulted in the killing of Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934. Returning to Germany, he was elected to the Reichstag in 1936.Given Proksch's position as a Hitler loyalist his profile was raised following the Anschluss, in keeping with the other leaders of that tendency. Appointed to the Sturmabteilung as a Gruppenf\u00fchrer he was promoted to Obergruppenf\u00fchrer in 1943. In 1940 he was also made a Reichstreuh\u00e4nder der Arbeit and served as president of the labour office for Vienna and Lower and Upper Danube.", "Q732202": "Carl Stefan Erling Persson (Swedish: [\u02c8st\u011b\u02d0fan \u02c8p\u00e6\u030c\u02d0\u0282\u0254n]; born 4 October 1947) is a Swedish business magnate. In March 2013, Forbes reported Persson's net worth as $28 billion making him the richest of Sweden's 12 billionaires and the 17th richest person in the world; he has since dropped to number 50. Persson is the chairman and main shareholder in fashion company H&M, which was founded by his father Erling Persson in 1947. Persson took over the company from his father in 1982 and served as its manager until 1998. Persson also owns a substantial stake in the Swedish technology company Hexagon AB. Through his privately held real estate company Ramsbury Invest, Persson owns a large number of properties in London, Paris and Stockholm.\nAccording to the Forbes Billionaires List Persson had a net worth of US $18.5 billion in 2019, making him the 58th richest person in the world at the time.", "Q121743": "Jost Gross (March 1, 1946 \u2013 May 6, 2005) was a Swiss politician of the Social Democratic Party. From 1995 to his death he had a seat in the National Council.\nGross was born in Flawil, Switzerland. He was educated as a lawyer and taught at the University of St. Gallen. From 1979 to 1987 he belonged to the executive branch of Steckborn. From 1980 to 1984 he was in the legislative of the canton of Thurgau (Grosser Rat). Also from 1980 to 1984 he was president of the Social Democratic party in Thurgau. He was president of the trade union Thurgau (Gewerkschaftsbund) and Pro Mente Sana since 1994. In 1995 he was elected to the National Council as a representative for Thurgau.\nHe died while playing football at an international parliamentary tourney in Waldenburg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany.\nHis successor in the National Council was Edith-Graf Litscher who was sworn in on May 30, 2005.", "Q369797": "The Hot Spot is a 1990 American neo-noir film directed by Dennis Hopper and based on the 1952 book Hell Hath No Fury by Charles Williams, who also co-wrote the screenplay. It stars Don Johnson, Virginia Madsen, and Jennifer Connelly, and features a score by Jack Nitzsche played by John Lee Hooker, Miles Davis, Taj Mahal, Roy Rogers, and drummer Earl Palmer.", "Q233499": "Yoshir\u014d Mori (\u68ee \u559c\u6717, Mori Yoshir\u014d, born 14 July 1937) is a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan between April 2000 and April 2001. Described as having \"the heart of a flea and the brain of a shark,\" he was unpopular in opinion polls during his time in office. He is currently President of the Japan Rugby Football Union as well as the Japan-Korea Parliamentarians' Union. In 2014, he was appointed to head the organizing committee for the 2020 Summer Olympics.", "Q101493": "Christoph Ferdinand Heinrich Pr\u00f6hle (June 4, 1822 \u2013 May 28, 1895) was a German literary historian, teacher (Oberlehrer), writer, and folk tale\u2014fairy tale collector (a successor of the Brothers Grimm).", "Q753830": "Redlands is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 68,747, up from 63,591 at the 2000 census. The population was estimated at 71,586 in 2018. The city is located approximately 10 miles (16 km) east of downtown San Bernardino.", "Q99432": "Martin Schiele (17 January 1870 \u2013 16 February 1939) was a German nationalist politician. Schiele was part of the leadership of the German National People's Party (DNVP) from its 1918 founding until Alfred Hugenberg became leader in 1928. He was also the chief representative of the agrarian wing of the DNVP.\nAs a member of Hans Luther's coalition government Schiele secured the restoration of agricultural and industrial protectionism with the tariff of 1925. As Minister of Food in 1927\u201328, Schiele favoured state credit as a means for subsidising agriculture.He was persuaded by President Hindenburg to return as Minister of Food in Heinrich Br\u00fcning's cabinet. The Agricultural League under Schiele's leadership was criticised by Richard Walther Darr\u00e9's Nazi Agrarian Apparatus. Schiele ceased to be leader of the Agricultural League shortly after the 1930 election. Unhappy with Hugenberg's leadership, Schiele left the DNVP and moved closer to the Conservative People's Party.", "Q6221": "Brescia (, also US: , Italian: [\u02c8bre\u0283\u02d0a] (listen); Lombard: Br\u00e8sa [\u02c8br\u025bs\u0254, -h\u0254, -sa]; Latin: Brixia; Venetian: Bressa) is a city and comune in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Alps, a few kilometres from the lakes Garda and Iseo. With a population of more than 200,000, it is the second largest city in the region and the fourth of northwest Italy. The urban area of Brescia extends beyond the administrative city limits and has a population of 672,822, while over 1.5 million people live in its metropolitan area. The city is the administrative capital of the Province of Brescia, one of the largest in Italy, with over 1,200,000 inhabitants.\nFounded over 3,200 years ago, Brescia (in antiquity Brixia) has been an important regional centre since pre-Roman times. Its old town contains the best-preserved Roman public buildings in northern Italy and numerous monuments, among these the medieval castle, the Old and New cathedral, the Renaissance Piazza della Loggia and the rationalist Piazza della Vittoria.\nThe monumental archaeological area of the Roman forum and the monastic complex of San Salvatore-Santa Giulia have become a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of a group of seven inscribed as Longobards in Italy, Places of Power.Brescia is considered to be an important industrial city. The metallurgy and the production of machine tools and firearms are of particular economic significance, along with mechanical and automotive engineering. The major companies based in the city are utility company A2A, steel producer Lucchini, firearms manufacturer Beretta, shotgun producer Perazzi, machine tools manufacturer Camozzi and gas equipment manufacturer Cavagna Group.\nNicknamed Leonessa d'Italia (\"The Lioness of Italy\"), Brescia is the home of Italian caviar, and is known for being the original production area of the Franciacorta sparkling wine as well as the prestigious Mille Miglia classic car race that starts and ends in the city. In addition, Brescia is the setting for most of the action in Alessandro Manzoni's 1822 play Adelchi.\nBrescia and its territory was the \"European Region of Gastronomy\" in 2017.", "Q35900": "Omar Khayyam (; Persian: \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u06cc\u0651\u0627\u0645\u200e [o\u02c8m\u00e6\u027e x\u00e6j\u02c8j\u0252\u02d0m]; 18 May 1048 \u2013 4 December 1131) was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, and poet. He was born in Nishabur, in northeastern Iran, and spent most of his life near the court of the Karakhanid and Seljuq rulers in the period which witnessed the First Crusade.\nAs a mathematician, he is most notable for his work on the classification and solution of cubic equations, where he provided geometric solutions by the intersection of conics. Khayyam also contributed to the understanding of the parallel axiom. As an astronomer, he designed the Jalali calendar, a solar calendar with a very precise 33-year intercalation cycle.There is a tradition of attributing poetry to Omar Khayyam, written in the form of quatrains (rub\u0101\u02bfiy\u0101t \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u200e). This poetry became widely known to the English-reading world in a translation by Edward FitzGerald (Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, 1859), which enjoyed great success in the Orientalism of the fin de si\u00e8cle.", "Q1632007": "OCAD University ( OH-kad), officially the Ontario College of Art and Design University, (French: Universit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9cole d\u2019art et de design de l\u2019Ontario) is a public university located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The school is within the Grange Park neighbourhood, and adjacent to the Art Gallery of Ontario. The school is Canada's largest and oldest educational institution for art and design. OCAD U offers courses through the Faculties of Art, Design, Liberal Arts and Sciences, and alternative programs. The enabling legislation is Ontario College of Art and Design University Act, 2002.\n\n", "Q832141": "Down is an American heavy metal supergroup that formed in 1991 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The band's current lineup consists of vocalist Phil Anselmo (Pantera and Superjoint Ritual), guitarist Pepper Keenan (Corrosion of Conformity), guitarist Kirk Windstein (Crowbar), bassist Pat Bruders (Goatwhore), and drummer Jimmy Bower (Crowbar, Eyehategod, and Superjoint Ritual). Since their formation, Down has gone on hiatus twice and they have released five studio albums. The first three were LPs entitled NOLA (1995), Down II: A Bustle in Your Hedgerow (2002), and Over the Under (2007). In 2008, the band began working on additional material, which resulted in two EPs entitled Down IV \u2013 Part I, released in September 2012 and Down IV \u2013 Part II, released in May 2014.\n\n", "Q62680": "Stefanie Zweig (19 September 1932 \u2013 25 April 2014) was a German Jewish writer and journalist. She is best known for her autobiographical novel, Nirgendwo in Afrika (Nowhere in Africa) (1995), which was a bestseller in Germany. The novel is based on her early life in Kenya, where her family had fled to escape persecution in Nazi Germany. The film adaptation of the novel (2001) won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Her books have sold more than seven million copies, and have been translated into fifteen languages.", "Q96067": "Albert Widmann (8 June 1912 \u2013 24 December 1986) was an SS officer and German chemist who worked for the Action T4 euthanasia program during the regime of Nazi Germany. He was convicted in two separate trials in the West German courts in the 1960s for his criminal activities during World War II.", "Q1228": "Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0254skar lu\u02c8i\u02d0d\u0292i \u02c8skalfaro]; 9 September 1918 \u2013 29 January 2012) was an Italian politician and magistrate, the ninth President of Italy from 1992 to 1999, and subsequently a senator for life. Formerly a member of Christian Democracy, he belonged to the centre-left Democratic party.", "Q193697": "The Sugababes are a British girl group, composed of Keisha Buchanan, Mutya Buena, and Siobh\u00e1n Donaghy. Formed in 1998, they released their debut album One Touch through London Records in November 2000 which achieved moderate success and spawned the hit single Overload. In 2001, Donaghy departed the group and was replaced by Heidi Range. With Range's introduction, the group began to experience a higher level of commercial success, going on to release three multi-platinum selling albums, Angels with Dirty Faces (2002), Three (2003), and Taller in More Ways (2005). In 2005, Buena announced her departure, leading to Amelle Berrabah being brought in to replace her. Following the release of their first greatest hits album, the new line-up released two further studio albums, Change (2007) and Catfights and Spotlights (2008).\nIn September 2009, after 11 years in the Sugababes, Buchanan, the final original member, was replaced by former UK Eurovision entry Jade Ewen. Range, Berrabah and Ewen released the group's seventh studio album, Sweet 7, in 2010, after which they signed to RCA Records, before announcing an indefinite hiatus in 2011. The same year, the original line-up of the band reformed in 2011 as Mutya Keisha Siobhan and released the single \"Flatline\". Following another hiatus, the trio regained the name Sugababes in September 2019 and recorded a rendition of the song \"Flowers\" along with DJ Spoony. \nIn 2006, British Hit Singles & Albums named the Sugababes as the most successful female act of the 21st century with six UK number-one singles and eighteen UK top ten hits. They achieved six number-one singles, \"Freak like Me\", \"Round Round\", \"Hole in the Head\", \"Push the Button\", \"Walk This Way\" and \"About You Now\"; the Spice Girls are the only British girl group to have had more. They also released five UK top ten albums, four of which reached at least platinum certification in the UK, and have been nominated for six Brit Awards, winning one for Best British Dance Act in 2003. They have been a long-term fixture in the British tabloids due to their several line-up changes and alleged group infighting.", "Q299302": "Francis Michael Gough ( GOF; 23 November 1916 \u2013 17 March 2011) was an English character actor who made over 150 film and television appearances. He is known for his roles in the Hammer Horror Films from 1958, with his first role as Sir Arthur Holmwood in Dracula, and for his recurring role as Alfred Pennyworth in all four films of the Tim Burton/ Joel Schumacher Batman tetralogy. He would appear in three more Burton films: in Sleepy Hollow, voicing Elder Gutknecht in Corpse Bride and the Dodo in Alice in Wonderland.\nGough also appeared in popular British television shows, including Doctor Who, as the titular villain in The Celestial Toymaker (1966) and as Councillor Hedin in Arc of Infinity (1983), and in a memorable episode of The Avengers as the automation-obsessed, wheelchair-bound Dr. Armstrong in \"The Cybernauts\" (1965). In 1956 he received a British Academy Television Award for Best Actor.At the National Theatre in London Gough excelled as a comedian, playing a resigned and rueful parent in Alan Ayckbourn's Bedroom Farce (1977). When the comedy transferred to Broadway in 1978 he won a Tony Award. One of Gough's funniest West End roles was as Baron von Epp in the 1983 revival of John Osborne's A Patriot for Me.", "Q1508451": "George Wilson Malone (August 7, 1890 \u2013 May 19, 1961) was an American civil engineer and Republican politician.", "Q273903": "Emma Louise Niblett (born 29 September 1973), better known by the stage name Scout Niblett, is an English singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. Niblett debuted in 2001 with her first full-length studio album Sweet Heart Fever, and has gone on to release five more studio albums. In 2013, Niblett released her sixth studio album, It's Up to Emma, which she mixed and produced.\nNiblett's music is frequently minimalist in style, many of her songs consisting merely of vocals accompanied by either drums or guitar. She is also known for her intimate live shows. In addition to songwriting and music, Niblett is also a professional astrologer, and often incorporates astrological themes into her song lyrics.", "Q52743": "Le Chenit is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the Vall\u00e9e de Joux.", "Q982696": "Bassel Khartabil (Arabic: \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0644\u200e), also known as Bassel Safadi (Arabic: \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u062f\u064a\u200e), (22 May 1981, Damascus \u2013 3 October 2015) was a Palestinian Syrian open-source software developer. On 15 March 2012, the one-year anniversary of the Syrian uprising, he was detained by the Syrian government at Adra Prison in Damascus. Between then and 3 October 2015, he had been transferred to an unknown location, probably to be judged by a military court. On 7 October 2015, Human Rights Watch and 30 other human rights organizations issued a letter demanding that Khartabil's whereabouts be disclosed. On 11 November 2015, rumors surfaced that Khartabil had been secretly sentenced to death. In August 2017, his wife made public that Khartabil had been executed by the Syrian regime shortly after his disappearance in 2015.Khartabil was born in Damascus and raised in Syria, where he specialized in open source software development. He was chief technology officer (CTO) and co-founder of collaborative research company Aiki Lab and was CTO of Al-Aous, a publishing and research institution dedicated to archaeological sciences and arts in Syria. He has served as project lead and public affiliate for Creative Commons Syria, and has contributed to Mozilla Firefox, Wikipedia, Openclipart, Fabricatorz, and Sharism. He \"is credited with opening up the Internet in Syria and vastly extending online access and knowledge to the Syrian people.\"His last work included an open, 3D virtual reconstruction of the ancient city of Palmyra in Syria, real time visualization, and development with Fabricatorz for the web programming framework Aiki Framework. This was later created and displayed in his honor.On February 7, 2018, the Bassel Khartabil Free Culture Fellowship was announced in Bassel's memory. The fellowship awards $50,000, including additional support, to outstanding individuals developing open culture in their communities. The fellowship was created by Creative Commons, Fabricatorz Foundation, Jimmy Wales Foundation, Mozilla, #NEWPALMYRA, and Wikimedia.\n\n", "Q62858": "Uwe Barschel (13 May 1944 \u2013 11 October 1987) was a West German politician belonging to the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as Minister-President in the state of Schleswig-Holstein. Barschel was found dead under mysterious circumstances on 11 October 1987, when his clothed body was discovered in a full bathtub at the Hotel Beau-Rivage in Geneva, Switzerland, shortly after he became embroiled in scandal during the 1987 federal election. While a police investigation concluded that Barschel had committed suicide, the circumstances of his death remain controversial.", "Q88259": "Norbert Hummelt (born 30 December 1962 in Neuss) is a German poet, essayist and translator.Hummelt studied German studies and English studies in Cologne until 1990. He worked together with Marcel Beyer and like him he started as a rather experimental writer, following Rolf Dieter Brinkmann and Thomas Kling. From 1988 to 1992 he was head of the K\u00f6lner Autorenwerkstatt; an authors group in Cologne. With his second collection of poems, \u201esingtrieb\u201c from 1997, he came closer to concepts of Romantic poetry.\nNorbert Hummelt lived in the Bergisches Land near Cologne for several years. Since January 2006 he lives in Berlin. He taught and gave classes in creative writing at the Deutsches Literaturinstitut Leipzig and works for the Text + Kritik journal.\n\n", "Q976071": "Laurence Edward Alan \"Laurie\" Lee, MBE (26 June 1914 \u2013 13 May 1997) was an English poet, novelist and screenwriter, who was brought up in the small village of Slad in Gloucestershire. \nHis most notable work is the autobiographical trilogy Cider with Rosie (1959), As I Walked Out One Midsummer Morning (1969), and A Moment of War (1991). The first volume recounts his childhood in the Slad Valley. The second deals with his leaving home for London and his first visit to Spain in 1935, and the third with his return to Spain in December 1937 to join the Republican International Brigades.", "Q514269": "Hans Engell (born 8 October 1948) is a Danish former politician and journalist, who until 6 September 2007 was the editor-in-chief of the tabloid Ekstra Bladet, a position he had held for seven years. As a member of the Conservative People's Party, he was Defence Minister of Denmark between 1982 and 1987, Justice Minister between 1989 and 1993, and leader of the party from 1993 to 1997, until he retired in disgrace after a drunk-driving accident.\nHans Engell is currently a political commentator and analyst in Ekstra Bladet and on Danish television (e.g. TV 2 News and Jersild Live).", "Q150804": "The Pianist is a 2002 biographical war drama film produced and directed by Roman Polanski, with a script by Ronald Harwood, and starring Adrien Brody. It is based on the autobiographical book The Pianist (1946), a Holocaust memoir by the Polish-Jewish pianist and composer W\u0142adys\u0142aw Szpilman, a Holocaust survivor. The film was a co-production of France, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Poland.\nThe Pianist met with significant critical praise, and received multiple awards and nominations. It was awarded the Palme d'Or at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival. At the 75th Academy Awards, the film won for Best Director (Polanski), Best Adapted Screenplay (Harwood), and Best Actor (Brody), and was nominated for four others, including the Best Picture. It also won the BAFTA Award for Best Film and BAFTA Award for Best Direction in 2003, and seven French C\u00e9sars, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor for Brody. It was included in BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century in 2016.", "Q202122": "John C. Wright (born October 22, 1961) is an American writer of science fiction and fantasy novels. A former lawyer, newspaperman, and newspaper editor. He was a Nebula Award finalist for his fantasy novel Orphans of Chaos. Publishers Weekly said he \"may be this fledgling century's most important new SF talent\" when reviewing his debut novel, The Golden Age.", "Q949281": "Jean-Richard Bloch (May 25, 1884 \u2013 March 15, 1947) was a French critic, novelist and playwright.\nHe was a member of the French Communist Party (PCF) and worked with Louis Aragon in the evening daily Ce soir.", "Q97379": "Isa Andersen (actual name Isa Jank) is a German actress. She is best known for her role as Clarissa von Anstetten on Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love). \nIsa started her career in Hollywood in the middle of the 1980s. She played at James Belushi's side in Real Men and other roles in Night Angel, Cheers and Airwolf.\nIn 1992, she decided to take a turn in her career and accepted a role in the popular legal drama Liebling Kreuzberg. For that she put her career in the United States to rest and returned to Germany.\nIn 1994, Isa joined the cast of the German soap opera Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love). She played the role of Clarissa von Anstetten for almost three years before she was temporarily written out in a successful kidnapping storyline, which went on for almost six months. Isa returned to the show and stayed another two years. In late 1999, Jank started having disagreements about her character but returned as planned after an eight-week break on-screen in February 2000. At this time the trust between Jank and the producers of the show seemed already broken and she left the show permanently in the summer of 2001 in a high-profile exit storyline, where Clarissa got her final battle with archenemy Tanja von Anstetten, played by Miriam Lahnstein. After a plane crash the character was presumed dead but even with Lahnstein's return in 2004, the show refused to confirm to the death of Clarissa.\nIn October 2005, Isa Jank returned to television taking the role of the antagonist Annabelle Gravenberg in the ZDF telenovela Wege zum Gl\u00fcck. Annabelle showed many similarities to Clarissa and Jank was even asked more often about her old role on Verbotene Liebe. Jank stayed with the telenovela for three years until Annabelle died on-screen in November 2008, shortly before the show ended.\nBecause Wege zum Gl\u00fcck was produced by Grundy UFA, the same production company responsible for Verbotene Liebe, rumors circled around the web that Jank eventually would return to her old show as Clarissa. The show itself showed lack of quality in storyline at this time and was in need of a character like Clarissa, but Isa Jank debarred the chance of a comeback. It is not known if meetings between the producers of Verbotene Liebe and Jank even took place. However more than two years later, in early 2011, Das Erste announced Isa Jank's return as Clarissa. She first reappeared in June 2011 and was part of a six-months special that was filmed on the Spanish island Mallorca, before joining her colleagues in Cologne. Jank stayed for another year and was then written off the show; with her last appearance on March 20, 2013. Verbotene Liebe was canceled in 2015 without another appearance from Jank.\nIn 2016, Isa Jank became a housemate in the fourth season of Promi Big Brother.", "Q293149": "Holly Audrey Williams (born March 12, 1981) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She is the granddaughter of Hank Williams Sr., the niece of Jett Williams, daughter of Hank Williams Jr. and half-sister of Hank Williams III. Williams has released three studio albums: The Ones We Never Knew in 2004, Here with Me in 2009 and The Highway in 2013. The Highway was released on Williams' own label, Georgiana Records and reached number 146 on the Billboard 200.", "Q40347": "Norman () is a city in the U.S. state of Oklahoma located 20 miles (32 km) south of downtown Oklahoma City. As the county seat of Cleveland County and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area, its population was 110,925 at the 2010 census. Norman's estimated population of 123,471 in 2018 makes it the third-largest city in Oklahoma.\nNorman was settled during the Land Run of 1889, which opened the former Unassigned Lands of Indian Territory to American pioneer settlement. The city was named in honor of Abner Norman, the area's initial land surveyor, and was formally incorporated on May 13, 1891. Economically the city has prominent higher education and related research industries, as it is home to the University of Oklahoma, the largest university in the state, with nearly 32,000 students enrolled. The university is well known for its sporting events by teams under the banner of the nickname \"Sooners\", with over 85,000 people routinely attending football games. The university is home to several museums, including the Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art, which contains the largest collection of French Impressionist art ever given to an American university, as well as the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History.\nThe National Weather Center, located in Norman, houses a unique collection of university, state, federal, and private sector organizations that work together to improve the understanding of events related to the Earth's atmosphere. Norman lies within Tornado Alley, a geographic region where tornadic activity is particularly frequent and intense. The Oklahoma City metropolitan area, including Norman, is the most tornado-prone area in the world. The Storm Prediction Center (SPC), a branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is located at the NWC. SPC forecasts severe storm and tornado outbreaks nationwide. Additionally, research is conducted at the co-located National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), which includes field research and operates various experimental weather radars.", "Q4350": "Melissa Fahn (born April 28, 1967) is an American voice actress and singer. She starred in the Broadway performance of Wicked and various theatre projects in Los Angeles.\n\n", "Q551735": "Edgar Quinet (French: [kin\u025b]; 17 February 1803 \u2013 27 March 1875) was a French historian and intellectual.", "Q380121": "Lee Byung-hun (born July 12, 1970) is a South Korean actor, singer and model. He has received critical acclaim for his work in a wide range of genres, most notably Joint Security Area (2000); A Bittersweet Life (2005); The Good, the Bad, the Weird (2008); the television series Iris (2009); I Saw the Devil (2010); and Masquerade (2012). His critically acclaimed film Inside Men (2015) won him the Best Actor prize in three prestigious award ceremonies: 52nd Baeksang Art Awards, 37th Blue Dragon Awards and 53rd Grand Bell Awards \u2014 a feat that has yet to be repeated. Lee has five films\u2014Joint Security Area, The Good, the Bad, the Weird, Masquerade, Inside Men and Master\u2014on the list of highest-grossing films in South Korea.\nIn the United States, he is known for portraying Storm Shadow in G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009) and its sequel G.I. Joe: Retaliation (2013), and starring alongside Bruce Willis in Red 2 (2013). He portrayed T-1000 in Terminator Genisys (2015) and Billy Rocks, a knife-wielding gunslinger, in The Magnificent Seven (2016). Lee was the first South Korean actor to present an Oscar at the annual Academy Awards in Los Angeles and is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Lee and Ahn Sung-ki were the first South Korean actors to imprint their hand and foot prints on the forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles.", "Q16101": "Braintree (US: ), officially the Town of Braintree, is a suburban New England city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Although officially known as a town, Braintree adopted a municipal charter in 2008, with a mayor-council form of government, and is considered a city under Massachusetts law. The population was 35,744 at the 2010 census. The city is part of the Greater Boston area with access to the MBTA Red Line, and is a member of the Metropolitan Area Planning Council's South Shore Coalition. The first mayor of Braintree was Joe Sullivan who served until January, 2020.Braintree, Massachusetts, is named after Braintree, Essex, in England. The town was first chartered in 1640. Later, some sections of Braintree formed separate municipalities: Quincy (1792), Randolph (1793), and Holbrook (1872).", "Q209077": "Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnaci\u00f3n de Espronceda y Delgado (25 March 1808 \u2013 23 May 1842) was a Romantic Spanish poet, one of the most representative authors of the 19th century. He was influenced by Eugenio de Ochoa, Federico Madrazo, Alfred Tennyson, Richard Chenevix Trench and Diego de Alvear.", "Q962004": "James Howard Kunstler (born October 19, 1948) is an American author, social critic, public speaker, and blogger. He is best known for his books The Geography of Nowhere (1994), a history of American suburbia and urban development, The Long Emergency (2005), and Too Much Magic (2012). In The Long Emergency he imagines peak oil and oil depletion resulting in the end of industrialized society, forcing Americans to live in smaller-scale, localized, agrarian (or semi-agrarian) communities. In World Made by Hand he branches into a science fiction depiction of this future world.", "Q240311": "Infanta Eulalia of Spain, Duchess of Galliera (Mar\u00eda Eulalia Francisca de As\u00eds Margarita Roberta Isabel Francisca de Paula Cristina Mar\u00eda de la Piedad) (12 February 1864 \u2013 8 March 1958) was the youngest and last surviving child of Queen Isabella II of Spain and the youngest sister of King Alfonso XII. She authored memoirs that were controversial for their critical perspective and allegations about the political policies of various Spanish and foreign governments.", "Q302650": "Tate Buckley Donovan (born September 25, 1963) is an American actor, voice artist, and director, known for portraying Tom Shayes in Damages, Jimmy Cooper in The O.C., and the voice of the title character in the 1997 Disney animated film Hercules, the animated television series of the same name and in a few Kingdom Hearts video games.\nHe also had supporting roles in films, such as Good Night, and Good Luck and Argo. Donovan also played Brian Sanders in Hostages and White House Chief of Staff Mark Boudreau in 24: Live Another Day. He has been a guest star in a number of television series.\nHe has also worked as a producer of 30 for 30 Shorts, for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Nonfiction or Reality Series.", "Q314032": "Li Ning (born March 10, 1963 in Laibin, Guangxi) is a retired Chinese gymnast and businessman. He founded the eponymous sportswear company Li-Ning.\n\n", "Q221923": "Michael Manning Weatherly Jr. (born July 8, 1968) is an American actor, musician, producer, and director known for playing the role of Anthony DiNozzo in the television series NCIS (2003\u20132016), and earlier played Logan Cale in the drama Dark Angel (2000\u20132002). In 2016, he began the title role of Dr. Jason Bull in Bull, a courtroom drama.", "Q78800": "Simone Stelzer alias Simone is an Austrian pop singer. She was born in Vienna, Austria on 1 October 1969.In 1990 she participated in \"Ein Lied f\u00fcr Zagreb\", the Austrian qualifying heat for the Eurovision Song Contest. Her song \"Keine Mauern mehr\" was initially placed second. However, several days after the final it was discovered that winning song \"Das Beste\" performed by Duett had participated in a German qualifying heat in 1988. It was therefore disqualified and Simone was announced as the Austrian Eurovision entrant. \"Keine Mauern mehr\" was placed tenth in Zagreb. Simone participated in the 1994 qualifying heat, \"Ein Lied f\u00fcr Dublin\" with the song \"Radio\" which was placed fourth.", "Q267976": "Lysette Anne Chodzko (born 26 September 1963), known professionally as Lysette Anthony, is an English actress and model. She is perhaps best known for her roles in the film Husbands and Wives (1992), the first season of the ITV comedy-drama series Auf Wiedersehen, Pet, the BBC One sitcom Three Up, Two Down, and her role as Marnie Nightingale in the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks.", "Q61389": "Elisabeth of the Palatinate (26 December 1618 \u2013 11 February 1680), also known as Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Elisabeth of the Palatinate, or Princess-Abbess of Herford Abbey, was the eldest daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (who was briefly King of Bohemia), and Elizabeth Stuart. Elisabeth of the Palatinate is a philosopher best known for her correspondence with Ren\u00e9 Descartes. She was critical of Descartes' dualistic metaphysics and her work anticipated the metaphysical concerns of later philosophers.", "Q434813": "Clement Greenberg () (January 16, 1909 \u2013 May 7, 1994), occasionally writing under the pseudonym K. Hardesh, was an American essayist known mainly as a very influential visual art critic closely associated with American Modern art of the mid-20th century and a Formalist aesthetician. He is best remembered for his association with the art movement Abstract Expressionism and the painter Jackson Pollock.", "Q463793": "Frank Bunker Gilbreth (July 7, 1868 \u2013 June 14, 1924) was an American engineer, consultant, and author known as an early advocate of scientific management and a pioneer of time and motion study, and is perhaps best known as the father and central figure of Cheaper by the Dozen.\nBoth he and his wife Lillian Moller Gilbreth were industrial engineers and efficiency experts who contributed to the study of industrial engineering in fields such as motion study and human factors.\n\n", "Q105193": "Maria Brockerhoff (born 1942) is a retired German model, film and television actress.", "Q4344": "Arnaut Daniel (Occitan: [a\u027e\u02c8nawd dani\u02c8\u025bl]; fl. 1180\u20131200) was an Occitan troubadour of the 12th century, praised by Dante as a \"the best smith\" (miglior fabbro) and called a \"grand master of love\" (gran maestro d'amore) by Petrarch. In the 20th century he was lauded by Ezra Pound in The Spirit of Romance (1910) as the greatest poet to have ever lived.\n\n", "Q216143": "J\u00e1nos Sz\u00e9kely (born 7 July 1901 in Budapest, died 16 December 1958 in East Berlin) was a Hungarian writer and screenwriter. His best-known work is the 1949 autobiographical novel K\u00eds\u00e9rt\u00e9s (Temptation).\nHe published some of his books under the pen name John Pen. Further alternative names of his were Hans Sz\u00e9kely and John S. Toldy. At the age of 18, he fled World War I, from Hungary to Germany. In Berlin, he wrote numerous screenplays for silent movie stars like Brigitte Helm, Willy Fritsch, Marlene Dietrich and Emil Jannings. Ernst Lubitsch in 1934 invited him to work in Hollywood. In 1938 he emigrated to the United States and became a sought-after screenwriter for silent and sound films. In 1940 he was awarded the Academy Award for Best Story for Arise, My Love. In the McCarthy era, he left the United States, moved to Mexico, and in 1957 to East Berlin to work with the DEFA film studio.", "Q820551": "The Mexican Academy of Sciences (Academia Mexicana de Ciencias) is a non-profit organization comprising over 1800 distinguished Mexican scientists, attached to various institutions in the country, as well as a number of eminent foreign colleagues, including various Nobel Prize winners. The organization, which encompasses exact and natural sciences as well as the social sciences and humanities, is founded on the belief that education, based on the truth of scientific knowledge, is the only means, in the short and long term, of achieving the development of the Mexican spirit and national sovereignty.\nThe Academia is an open forum of discussion, criticism and respectful confrontation of ideas and models, but above all, of tolerance and agreement. Its strength lies in the commitment and work of its members and, by its very nature, it constitutes an ideal sphere for the independent, multidisciplinary analysis of the country's reality. Through its programs, the Academia undertakes its commitment to disseminating the knowledge and values of science, fostering improvements in the quality of education and raising the profile of science in the various spheres of national life.", "Q1350475": "Thomas Dybdahl (born 12 April 1979, Sandnes, Norway) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist.", "Q196923": "Zeudi Araya (born 10 February 1951 in Dekemhare, Eritrea) is an Eritrean Actor, singer, model and film producer.", "Q444338": "Rain Phoenix (born November 21, 1972) is an American actress, musician, and singer. She is the older sister of Joaquin, Liberty and Summer Phoenix and younger sister of River Phoenix.", "Q92215": "Gerhard Michael Frey (18 February 1933 \u2013 19 February 2013) was a German publisher, businessman and politician. He was the chairman and main financial backer of the right-wing party Deutsche Volksunion, which he founded in 1971. He resigned as chairman in January 2009.\n\n", "Q78814": "Karoline Pichler, also spelled Caroline Pichler, (7 September 1769 \u2013 9 July 1843) was an Austrian historical novelist.", "Q200721": "Philip Haywood Glenister (born 10 February 1963) is an English actor, best known for his roles as DCI William Bell in State of Play, DCI Gene Hunt on the BBC series Life on Mars and its sequel Ashes to Ashes, and Reverend Anderson in Outcast.", "Q82006": "Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804 \u2013 19 April 1881) was a British politician of the Conservative Party who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He played a central role in the creation of the modern Conservative Party, defining its policies and its broad outreach. Disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs, his political battles with the Liberal Party leader William Ewart Gladstone, and his one-nation conservatism or \"Tory democracy\". He made the Conservatives the party most identified with the glory and power of the British Empire. He is the only British prime minister to have been of Jewish birth. He was also a novelist, publishing works of fiction even as prime minister.\nDisraeli was born in Bloomsbury, then a part of Middlesex. His father left Judaism after a dispute at his synagogue; young Benjamin became an Anglican at the age of 12. After several unsuccessful attempts, Disraeli entered the House of Commons in 1837. In 1846 the Prime Minister at the time, Sir Robert Peel, split the party over his proposal to repeal the Corn Laws, which involved ending the tariff on imported grain. Disraeli clashed with Peel in the House of Commons. Disraeli became a major figure in the party. When Lord Derby, the party leader, thrice formed governments in the 1850s and 1860s, Disraeli served as Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons.\nUpon Derby's retirement in 1868, Disraeli became Prime Minister briefly before losing that year's general election. He returned to the Opposition, before leading the party to winning a majority in the 1874 general election. He maintained a close friendship with Queen Victoria, who in 1876 appointed him Earl of Beaconsfield. Disraeli's second term was dominated by the Eastern Question\u2014the slow decay of the Ottoman Empire and the desire of other European powers, such as Russia, to gain at its expense. Disraeli arranged for the British to purchase a major interest in the Suez Canal Company (in Ottoman-controlled Egypt). In 1878, faced with Russian victories against the Ottomans, he worked at the Congress of Berlin to obtain peace in the Balkans at terms favourable to Britain and unfavourable to Russia, its longstanding enemy. This diplomatic victory over Russia established Disraeli as one of Europe's leading statesmen.\nWorld events thereafter moved against the Conservatives. Controversial wars in Afghanistan and South Africa undermined his public support. He angered British farmers by refusing to reinstitute the Corn Laws in response to poor harvests and cheap imported grain. With Gladstone conducting a massive speaking campaign, his Liberals defeated Disraeli's Conservatives at the 1880 general election. In his final months, Disraeli led the Conservatives in Opposition. He had throughout his career written novels, beginning in 1826, and he published his last completed novel, Endymion, shortly before he died at the age of 76.\n\n", "Q73941": "Rudolf Seiters (born 13 October 1937 in Osnabr\u00fcck) is a German politician of the CDU (Christian Democratic Union) party.\nFrom 1989\u20131991, he was Federal Minister for Special Affairs and the Head of the Office of the German Chancellery. From 1991\u20131993, he was the Minister of the Interior. From 1998\u20132002, he was the Vice President of the German Bundestag, or Parliament. Since 2003, he has been the President of the German Red Cross.", "Q712878": "Mario Cecchi Gori (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8ma\u02d0rjo \u02c8t\u0283ekki \u02c8\u0261\u0254\u02d0ri]; 21 March 1920, in Brescia \u2013 5 November 1993, in Rome) was an Italian film producer and owner of companies. He produced over 200 films, notably with Damiano Damiani, Dino Risi (The Easy Life, I Mostri) and Ettore Scola.\nGabriele Salvatores' film Mediterraneo won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film.\nWith Lamerica, directed by Gianni Amelio, he received the Best Film Award at European Film Awards in 1994.\nIl Postino: The Postman (1995, directed by Michael Radford) was the first Italian film to receive an Academy Award nomination for Best Film.\nFrom 1990 to his death, he was the president of Fiorentina.\nHis son Vittorio Cecchi Gori is also a film producer.", "Q131222": "Information theory studies the quantification, storage, and communication of information. It was originally proposed by Claude Shannon in 1948 to find fundamental limits on signal processing and communication operations such as data compression, in a landmark paper titled \"A Mathematical Theory of Communication\". Its impact has been crucial to the success of the Voyager missions to deep space, the invention of the compact disc, the feasibility of mobile phones, the development of the Internet, the study of linguistics and of human perception, the understanding of black holes, and numerous other fields.\nThe field is at the intersection of mathematics, statistics, computer science, physics, neurobiology, information engineering, and electrical engineering. The theory has also found applications in other areas, including statistical inference, natural language processing, cryptography, neurobiology, human vision, the evolution and function of molecular codes (bioinformatics), model selection in statistics, thermal physics, quantum computing, linguistics, plagiarism detection, pattern recognition, and anomaly detection. Important sub-fields of information theory include source coding, algorithmic complexity theory, algorithmic information theory, information-theoretic security, Grey system theory and measures of information.\nApplications of fundamental topics of information theory include lossless data compression (e.g. ZIP files), lossy data compression (e.g. MP3s and JPEGs), and channel coding (e.g. for DSL). Information theory is used in information retrieval, intelligence gathering, gambling, and even in musical composition.\nA key measure in information theory is entropy. Entropy quantifies the amount of uncertainty involved in the value of a random variable or the outcome of a random process. For example, identifying the outcome of a fair coin flip (with two equally likely outcomes) provides less information (lower entropy) than specifying the outcome from a roll of a die (with six equally likely outcomes). Some other important measures in information theory are mutual information, channel capacity, error exponents, and relative entropy.", "Q99340": "Hans Werner Olm (Born Hans Olm, 1 February 1955 in Bochum) is a German television and film comedian.His career began in 1975, when Olm travelled to Berlin to begin his comedy career in the city's clubs, striking a partnership in 1976 with J\u00fcrgen von der Lippe among others, known as the Gebr\u00fcder Blattschuss. In the following years he furthered his career as a standup comedian on a variety of television programmes, alongside German celebrities such as Mike Kr\u00fcger and Gabi Decker.\nHans Werner Olm worked in a minor film roles, such as Die Supernasen 1982 with Kr\u00fcger and fellow comedian Thomas Gottschalk and 1983's Sunshine Reggae auf Ibiza. His roles developed from small bit-parts to larger, more noticeable performances, such as in the comedy Schrott - Die Atzenposse.\nIn April 2002, he began his own television programme OLM! on the channel RTL. The characters which he brought to the small screen, including the failed ladykiller Paul Schrader and masculine yet clumsy Luise Koschinsky, led him to claim notoriety as a celebrity in German-speaking countries and to be recognised with the 2004 German Comedy Award. Despite his apparent success, and appearing in one of the most successful films of the year (7 Zwerge - M\u00e4nner allein im Wald), the programme was dropped by RTL, in late 2004.\nOn 15 January 2006, Hans Werner Olm began a new programme on ProSieben Olm unterwegs (Olm on the Way). The familiar characters from his previous series returned, with the addition of Gunther Terbr\u00fcggen and Bademeister Bernd.", "Q55038": "The Universit\u00e4t der K\u00fcnste Berlin (UdK; Berlin University of the Arts), situated in Berlin, Germany, is the largest art school in Europe. It is a public art and design school, and one of the four research universities in the city.\nThe university is known for being one of the biggest and most diversified universities of the arts worldwide. It has four colleges specialising in fine arts, architecture, media and design, music and the performing arts with around 3,500 students. Thus the UdK is one of only three universities in Germany to unite the faculties of art and music in one institution. The teaching offered at the four colleges encompasses the full spectrum of the arts and related academic studies in more than 40 courses. Having the right to confer doctorates and post-doctoral qualifications, Berlin University of the Arts is also one of Germany's few art colleges with full university status.\nOutstanding professors and students at all its colleges, as well as the steady development of teaching concepts, have publicly defined the university as a high standard of artistic and art-theoretical education. Almost all the study courses at Berlin University of the Arts are part of a centuries-old tradition. Thus Berlin University of the Arts gives its students the opportunity to investigate and experiment with other art forms in order to recognise and extend the boundaries of their own discipline, at an early stage of rigorously selected artists and within the protected sphere of a study course.\nWithin the field of visual arts, the university is known for the intense competition that involves the selection of its students, and the growth of applicants worldwide has increased during the years due to Berlin's important current role in the cultural innovation worldwide. In the same way, the University of the Arts is publicly recognized for being on the cutting edge in the areas of Visual Arts, Fashion Design, Industrial Design, and Experimental Design.", "Q42544": "Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 \u2013 6 July 1535), venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. He was also a Chancellor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to May 1532. He wrote Utopia, published in 1516, about the political system of an imaginary island state.\nMore opposed the Protestant Reformation, directing polemics against the theology of Martin Luther, Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and William Tyndale. More also opposed King Henry VIII's separation from the Catholic Church, refusing to acknowledge Henry as Supreme Head of the Church of England and the annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. After refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy, he was convicted of treason and executed. On his execution, he was reported to have said: \"I die the King's good servant, and God's first\".\nPope Pius XI canonised More in 1935 as a martyr. Pope John Paul II in 2000 declared him the patron saint \"of Statesmen and Politicians\". The Soviet Union in the early twentieth century honoured him for the purportedly communist attitude toward property rights in Utopia.", "Q121031": "Daniel Ammann (born 1963) is a Swiss investigative journalist and author.\nHe was educated at University of Zurich, UC Berkeley and Fondation Post Universitaire Internationale in Paris. He holds an MA in Political Science, History and Constitutional Law.Ammann is best known for his biography of Marc Rich, the controversial commodities trader and founder of Glencore who received a presidential pardon from U.S. President Bill Clinton. The King of Oil \u2013 The Secret Lives of Marc Rich became an international bestseller and was published in nine languages. The book is to be cinematized by Universal Pictures with Matt Damon slated to portray the fugitive billionaire. John Krasinski will be a producer through his Sunday Night Productions.In 2010 Ammann was named Swiss Business Journalist of the Year. In 2007 he won the renowned Georg von Holtzbrinck Prize for Business Journalism. In 2006 he was awarded the Swiss Media Prize for Finance Journalism.", "Q86260": "Erich Engel (14 February 1891 \u2013 10 May 1966) was a German film and theatre director.", "Q618399": "The Republic of the Congo (French: R\u00e9publique du Congo) was a sovereign state in Central Africa that was created with the independence of the Belgian Congo in 1960. From 1960 to 1966, the country was often known as Congo-L\u00e9opoldville (after its capital) in order to distinguish it from its north-western neighbor, also called the Republic of the Congo or Congo-Brazzaville. With the renaming of L\u00e9opoldville as Kinshasa on 1 June 1966, it was known as Congo-Kinshasa until 1971.\nOn 1 August 1964, the state's official name was changed to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 1971, the state's name changed to Zaire.\nThe period between 1960 and 1965 is referred to as the First Congolese Republic, while the current Democratic Republic of the Congo is referred to as the Third Republic.\nUnrest and rebellion continued to plague the government until 1965, when Lieutenant General Joseph D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Mobutu, commander-in-chief of the national army, seized control of the country. Mobutu changed the country's official name to the Republic of Zaire in 1971 and remained its president until 1997.", "Q73799": "Frank Ripploh (September 2, 1949 \u2013 June 24, 2002) was a German actor, film director, and author. He is best remembered for his semi-autobiographical 1980 film Taxi zum Klo. The film, produced on a shoestring budget of 100,000 DM, explored the day-to-day life of a Berlin schoolteacher who also led a very active gay sex life. Extremely explicit for its day, and for some time afterward (to the point where the film was not passed uncut by the British Board of Film Classification until 2011), Taxi zum Klo was considered groundbreaking for the subject matter it portrayed, and achieved something of a cult status among gay audiences of the time. In 1987, Ripploh directed a sequel entitled Taxi nach Kairo, but the film was not considered as successful as its predecessor, and it was not released outside Germany.\nRipploh also participated in the creation of a small number of other art house films during the 1980s, and had a role in the 1982 movie Querelle directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder. Ripploh died of cancer in 2002.", "Q319502": "Sufjan Stevens ( SOOF-yahn; born July 1, 1975) is an American singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. He has released a total of seven solo studio albums as well as multiple collaborative albums with other artists. Stevens has also received Academy Award and Grammy Award nominations.\nHis debut album A Sun Came was released in 1999 on the Asthmatic Kitty label, which he co-founded with his stepfather. He received wide recognition for his 2005 album Illinois, which hit number one on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart, and for the single \"Chicago\" from that album. Stevens later contributed to the soundtrack of the coming-of-age romantic drama film Call Me by Your Name (2017). He received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song and a Grammy Award nomination for Best Song Written for Visual Media for the soundtrack's lead single, \"Mystery of Love\".\nStevens has released albums of varying styles, from the electronica of Enjoy Your Rabbit and the lo-fi folk of Seven Swans to the symphonic instrumentation of Illinois and Christmas-themed Songs for Christmas. Stevens makes use of a variety of instruments, often playing many of them himself on the same recording, and writes music in various time signatures. Stevens's music is also known for exploring various themes, particularly religion and spirituality.", "Q916949": "Brij Narayan (Hindi: \u092c\u0943\u091c \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0923; IAST: B\u1e5bj N\u0101r\u0101ya\u1e47) (born 25 April 1952) is an Indian classical musician who plays the string instrument sarod. Narayan was born in the Indian state Rajasthan and began to study sarod from a young age under his father Ram Narayan and other teachers. He won the All India Radio instrumentalist competition in 1967 and accompanied his father on a tour to Afghanistan in 1969. Narayan graduated from the University of Mumbai in 1972 and has since worked on movies and toured Africa, Europe, and America.", "Q1548061": "Joseph Ridgway Grundy (January 13, 1863 \u2013 March 3, 1961) was an American textile manufacturer and Republican Party politician from Bristol, Pennsylvania. He represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate.", "Q116845": "Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell. It was adapted from Matthew Quick\u2019s 2008 novel The Silver Linings Playbook. The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence, with Robert De Niro, Jacki Weaver, Chris Tucker, Anupam Kher, and Julia Stiles in supporting roles.\nCooper plays Patrizio \"Pat\" Solitano Jr., a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents, played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver. Determined to win back his estranged wife, Pat meets a young widow, Tiffany Maxwell, portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence, who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her. The two become closer as they train and Pat, his father, and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems.\nSilver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2012, and was released in the United States on November 16, 2012. The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades. It received eight Academy Award nominations, including for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay. It became the first film since 1981's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars, with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress. It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations, with Lawrence winning Best Actress; three BAFTA nominations, with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay; four Screen Actors Guild nominations; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations, winning in four categories, including Best Feature. The film was a success at the box office, grossing over $236 million worldwide, more than eleven times its budget.", "Q4705713": "Alain de Cadenet (born 27 November 1945 in London) is a television presenter for the Speed Channel and ESPN and former racing driver. Alain's main career was in sports car endurance racing along with Formula One. He has hosted numerous shows on Speed, including Legends of Motorsport, as well as the network's coverage of the Goodwood Festival of Speed. He also hosted Victory By Design, in which he drove vintage racing cars and talked about their history. Currently, de Cadenet hosts the Velocity Channel show Renaissance Man, a history programme whose coverage includes cars, motorcycles, the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine and racing at Monaco.", "Q202136": "Barry James Marshall (born 30 September 1951) is an Australian physician, Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, and Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Western Australia. Marshall and Robin Warren showed that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays a major role in causing many peptic ulcers, challenging decades of medical doctrine holding that ulcers were caused primarily by stress, spicy foods, and too much acid. This discovery has allowed for a breakthrough in understanding a causative link between Helicobacter pylori infection and stomach cancer.", "Q3181189": "John Carbutt (1832\u20131905) was a photographic pioneer, stereo card publisher, and photographic entrepreneur. He came to be the first to use celluloid for photographic film and to market dry-plate glass negatives. \nHe was born in Sheffield, England on 2 December 1832. He moved to Chicago in 1853.\nIn 1866, as the official photographer for the Union Pacific Railroad, he produced the series of stereographic cards titled Rail Road Excursion to the 100th Meridian. The series celebrated the crossing of the border between the western and eastern United States in October 1866 during the construction of the transcontinental railroad.Carbutt founded the Keystone Dry Plate Works in 1879 and was the first to develop sheets of celluloid coated with photographic emulsion for making celluloid film in 1888. Carbutt sliced thin plates from a rigid celluloid block, and then coated them with a silver gelatin emulsion to make a Celluloid Dry plate. Around 1890 he made them in a 35 mm width for William Kennedy Dickson's Kinetoscope, which set the 35 mm film standard for motion picture cameras and still cameras. That format is still the dominant format to this day, as the majority of high end digital cameras use a 35mm sensor and 35mm film is still being used by a significant number of photographers and film makers.", "Q128015": "A guillotine ( GHIL-\u0259-teen, also US: GHEE-, French: [\u0261ij\u0254tin] (listen)) is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secured with stocks at the bottom of the frame, positioning the neck directly below the blade. The blade is then released, swiftly and forcefully decapitating the victim with a single, clean pass so that the head falls into a basket or other receptacle below.\nThe guillotine is best known for its use in France, in particular during the French Revolution, where the revolution's supporters celebrated it as the people's avenger and the revolution's opponents vilified it as the pre-eminent symbol of the violence of the Reign of Terror. While the name \"guillotine\" dates from this period, similar devices had been in use elsewhere in Europe over several centuries. The display of severed heads had long been one of the most common ways European sovereigns exhibited their power to their subjects.The guillotine was invented with the specific intention of making capital punishment less painful in accordance with Enlightenment ideals, as previous methods of execution in France had proven to be substantially more painful and prone to error. After its adoption, the device remained France's standard method of judicial execution until the abolition of capital punishment in 1981. The last person to be executed in France was Hamida Djandoubi, who was guillotined on 10 September 1977. This was also the last time that the government of a Western nation executed an individual by beheading. Djandoubi was also the last person executed by guillotine by any government in the world.", "Q10788934": "Kim Heechul & Kim Jungmo (formerly M&D, shortened from Midnight & Dawn or Miari & Dangye-dong) was a South Korean pop rock duo formed by SM Entertainment in 2011. The group was composed of Super Junior's Heechul and TraxX's Kim Jungmo. Both members decided to write and compose every single song the project group will release. They'll continuously release music which they can and want to do, regardless of the genre.\nTheir debut single, \"Close Ur Mouth\" was released in June 2011 under the name, M&D. In early July 2016, SM Entertainment announced that the duo would return as Kim Heechul & Kim Jungmo (\uae40\ud76c\ucca0&\uae40\uc815\ubaa8).The group disbanded on April 30, 2019.\n\n", "Q640694": "The University of Alberta (also known as U of A and UAlberta) is a public research university located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was founded in 1908 by Alexander Cameron Rutherford, the first premier of Alberta, and Henry Marshall Tory, its first president. Its enabling legislation is the Post-secondary Learning Act. The university is considered a \u201cComprehensive academic and research university\u201d (CARU), which means that it offers a range of academic and professional programs, which generally lead to undergraduate and graduate level credentials, and have a strong research focus.The university comprises four campuses in Edmonton, the Augustana Campus in Camrose, and a staff centre in downtown Calgary. The original north campus consists of 150 buildings covering 50 city blocks on the south rim of the North Saskatchewan River valley, directly across from downtown Edmonton. 39,000 students from Canada and 150 other countries participate in 400 programs in 18 faculties.\nThe University of Alberta is a major economic driver in Alberta. The university's impact on the Alberta economy is an estimated $12.3 billion annually, or five per cent of the province's gross domestic product.The University of Alberta is also a leading institution for the study of Ukraine and is home to the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies.The University of Alberta has graduated more than 275,000 alumni, including Governor General Roland Michener; Prime Minister Joe Clark; Chief Justice of Canada Beverley McLachlin; Alberta premiers Peter Lougheed, Dave Hancock, Jim Prentice and Rachel Notley; Edmonton Mayor Don Iveson and Nobel laureate Richard E. Taylor.\nThe university is a member of the Alberta Rural Development Network, the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education and the Sustainability Tracking, Assessment & Rating System.", "Q98738": "Josef Deimer (born 1936 in Landshut] is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.Between 1982 and 2000 he was a member of the Bavarian Senate. He was the mayor of Landshut 1970\u20132004.", "Q23810": "Alfred Bernhard Nobel ( noh-BEL, Swedish: [\u02c8\u01celfr\u025bd n\u028a\u02c8b\u025bl\u02d0] (listen); 21 October 1833 \u2013 10 December 1896) was a Swedish businessman, chemist, engineer, inventor, and philanthropist. He held 355 different patents, dynamite being the most famous. The synthetic element nobelium was named after him. He owned Bofors, which he redirected from its previous role as primarily an iron and steel producer to a major manufacturer of cannon and other armaments. Having read a premature obituary which condemned him for profiting from the sales of arms, he bequeathed his fortune to institute the Nobel Prize. His name also survives in companies such as Dynamit Nobel and AkzoNobel, which are descendants of mergers with companies that Nobel established.", "Q74790": "Felice Rahel Schragenheim (March 9, 1922 \u2013 December 31, 1944) was a Jewish resistance fighter during World War II. She is known for her tragic love story with Lilly Wust and death during a march from Gross-Rosen concentration camp (today Poland) to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany or, not later than, March 1945 in Bergen-Belsen.\n\nThe story of the relationship between Schragenheim and Wust is portrayed in the 1999 film Aim\u00e9e & Jaguar, and in a book of the same name by Erica Fischer. It is also the subject of the 1997 documentary Love Story: Berlin 1942.\nSchragenheim was deported from Berlin to KZ Theresienstadt (now Czech Republic) on September 8, 1944 by national-socialist Gestapo (transport nr. I/116). On October 9, 1944, she was deported from Theresienstadt to the extermination facility KZ Auschwitz Birkenau to be put to death (transport nr. Ep). As the gas chambers and crematoria were dismantled and blown up between November 1944 and January 1945, the mass extermination in Auschwitz came to an end, gradually. The inmates, including Felice Schragenheim, were taken on a death march to KZ Gro\u00df-Rosen, maybe later to a death march to KZ Bergen-Belsen. The date and place of her death are unknown. Officially, the date of her death was defined as December 31, 1944 by a Berlin court in 1948. Relatives set a memorial stone in Bergen-Belsen, naming \"March 1945\" as the date of her death.", "Q202650": "Abd el-Krim el-Khattabi (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u200e) (1882, Ajdir \u2013 6 February 1963, Cairo) was a Moroccan political and military leader. He and his brother Mhemmed led a large-scale revolt by a coalition of Berber-speaking Rif tribes against French and Spanish colonization of the Rif, in northern Morocco. The rebels established the short-lived Republic of the Rif. His guerrilla tactics influenced Ho Chi Minh, Mao Zedong and Che Guevara.", "Q265813": "Susana Shizuko Higuchi Miyagawa (born 26 April 1950) is a Japanese Peruvian politician and engineer, better known as the former wife of the 62nd president of Peru Alberto Fujimori. A member of the Peruvian Congress during the 2000\u20132006 period, she was elected as a member of the Frente Independiente Moralizador (FIM), a reformist political party allied with then president Alejandro Toledo, in both the 2000 and 2001 general elections.", "Q910486": "Bret Peter Tarrant McKenzie (born 29 June 1976) is an Academy award winning New Zealand comedian, actor, musician and producer. He is one half of musical comedy duo Flight of the Conchords along with Jemaine Clement. The duo's comedy and music became the basis of a BBC radio series and then an oft-lauded American television series, which aired for two seasons on HBO. McKenzie served as music supervisor for two Muppet films, The Muppets (2011) and Muppets Most Wanted (2014), the former of which won him an Academy Award for Best Original Song for the song \"Man or Muppet\". His latest work has seen him write the lyrics to the 2016 Sainsbury's Christmas advert featuring James Corden on vocals.As an actor, he portrayed elves in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit film trilogies: in the first he remained unnamed with fans naming him Figwit, a character originally cast as an extra who gained attention thanks to the trilogy's fan community, and in The Hobbit is credited as Lindir, a small character who originally appears in the book of The Fellowship of the Ring.", "Q44653": "Malcolm Mitchell Young (6 January 1953 \u2013 18 November 2017) was a Scottish-Australian musician and songwriter. He was best known as the co-founder, rhythm guitarist, backing vocalist, and songwriter of the rock band AC/DC. Except for a brief absence in 1988, he was with the band from its beginning in 1973 until retiring in 2014 due to health reasons. As a member of AC/DC, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003.Though his younger brother Angus was the more visible of the brothers, Malcolm was described as the driving force and the leader of the band. In 2014, he stated that despite his retirement from the band, AC/DC was determined to continue making music with his blessing. As the rhythm guitarist, he was responsible for the broad sweep of the band's sound, developing many of their guitar riffs and co-writing the band's material with Angus.\nYoung left AC/DC in mid-2014 to receive treatment for dementia. In September 2014, the band's management announced that he would be retiring permanently. He died from the effects of dementia on 18 November 2017.", "Q668118": "Ken K Mary is an American musician, who has worked as a drummer, producer, engineer, singer, record executive and writer on over thirty-five albums that combined have sold over five million copies worldwide. He has worked in genres from heavy rock to choral music. Mary is best known for his work with notable acts such as Accept, Fifth Angel, Chastain, TKO, Impellitteri, House of Lords, Bonfire and Alice Cooper, and is currently the drummer of Flotsam and Jetsam.", "Q513274": "Dawn Sherrese Robinson (born November 24, 1965 or 1968) (sources differ), is an American singer\u2013songwriter, model, and actress. Robinson is best known as a founding member of the R&B/Pop group En Vogue, one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Following her departure from En Vogue, Robinson joined Lucy Pearl and released their self-titled debut album Lucy Pearl in 2000, which went platinum worldwide and produced the successful singles \"Dance Tonight\" and \"Don't Mess with My Man\".\nIn 2002, Robinson released her first solo album Dawn, which produced the single \"Envious\". In 2005, Robinson rejoined En Vogue for a tour, but departed from the group before they could record another album. In 2009, Robinson briefly returned to En Vogue again for their 20th Anniversary Tour. In 2010, she left En Vogue once again due to poor management and compensation of work. In 2013, she joined the cast of R&B Divas: Los Angeles for the first season of the series. Throughout her career, Robinson has sold a combined total of over 11 million records as a solo artist as well as with En Vogue and Lucy Pearl. Her work has earned her several awards and nominations, including two American Music Awards, a Billboard Music Award, seven MTV Video Music Awards, four Soul Train Music Awards and eight Grammy nominations.", "Q87618": "Louis Nerz (1866-1938) was an Austrian screenwriter and actor. He is also credited as Ludwig Nerz.", "Q1077072": "Chris Cagle (born November 10, 1968) is an American former country music artist. He was first known for writing songs for David Kersh before signing to Virgin Records Nashville in 2000. Cagle made his debut on Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts with \"My Love Goes On and On\", the first single from his debut album Play It Loud. The album, which was certified gold in the US, also produced the Top 10 \"Laredo\" and \"I Breathe In, I Breathe Out\", his only #1 hit.\nPlay It Loud was followed in 2002 by Chris Cagle, released on Capitol Records Nashville. Also a gold album in the United States, it produced the Top 5 hits \"What a Beautiful Day\" and \"Chicks Dig It\". Anywhere but Here, his third album, followed in 2005 and produced the #12 hit \"Miss Me Baby\". A fourth studio album, titled My Life's Been a Country Song, was released in 2008, and its lead-off single, \"What Kinda Gone\", peaked at #3 on the country music chart in early 2008. After exiting Capitol in 2008, he signed with Bigger Picture Music Group in 2011, before retiring from music in 2015.", "Q1210045": "Dickinson College is a private liberal arts college in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1773 as Carlisle Grammar School, Dickinson was chartered September 9, 1783, six days after the signing of the Treaty of Paris, making it the first college to be founded after the formation of the United States. Dickinson was founded by Benjamin Rush, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, and named \"John and Mary's College\" in honor of John Dickinson, a signer of the Constitution who was later the governor of Pennsylvania, and his wife Mary Norris Dickinson. They donated much of their extensive personal libraries to the new college.In addition to offering either a bachelor of arts or bachelor of science degree in 22 disciplinary majors and 20 interdisciplinary majors, Dickinson offers an engineering option through its 3:2 program, which consists of three years at Dickinson and two years at an engineering school of Columbia University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, or Case Western Reserve University. Upon successful completion of both portions of the program, students receive the B.S. degree from Dickinson in their chosen field and the B.S. in engineering from the engineering school.The Dickinson School of Law is located adjacent to the college campus and was founded in 1834 as its law department. It received an independent charter in 1890 and ended all affiliation with the college in 1917. In 2000, the law school merged with the Pennsylvania State University.", "Q995498": "William Joseph Cary (March 22, 1865 \u2013 January 2, 1934) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.", "Q543443": "Victoria Regina Spivey (October 15, 1906 \u2013 October 3, 1976), sometimes known as Queen Victoria, was an American blues singer and songwriter. During a recording career that spanned 40 years, from 1926 to the mid-1960s, she worked with Louis Armstrong, King Oliver, Clarence Williams, Luis Russell, Lonnie Johnson, and Bob Dylan. She also performed in vaudeville and clubs, sometimes with her sister Addie \"Sweet Peas\" (or \"Sweet Pease\") Spivey (1910\u20131943), also known as the Za Zu Girl. Among her compositions are \"Black Snake Blues\" (1926), \"Dope Head Blues\" (1927), and \"Organ Grinder Blues\" (1928). In 1962 she co-founded Spivey Records.", "Q184499": "Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett (18 November 1897 \u2013 13 July 1974) was a British experimental physicist known for his work on cloud chambers, cosmic rays, and paleomagnetism, winning the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1948. In 1925 he became the first person to prove that radioactivity could cause the nuclear transmutation of one chemical element to another. He also made a major contribution in World War II advising on military strategy and developing operational research. His left-wing views saw an outlet in third world development and in influencing policy in the Labour Government of the 1960s.\n\n", "Q369783": "Armas Clifford \"Mike\" Markkula Jr. (; born February 11, 1942) is an American electrical engineer, businessman and investor. He was an angel investor and the second CEO of Apple Computer, Inc., providing critical early funding and managerial support.\nMarkkula was introduced to Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak when they were looking for funding to manufacture the Apple II personal computer they had developed, after having sold some units of the first version of this computer, the Apple I. With his guidance and funding, Apple ceased to be a partnership and was incorporated as a company.\nJeffrey Nordling portrayed him in the 1999 TNT film Pirates of Silicon Valley. Dermot Mulroney later portrayed him in the 2013 film Jobs.", "Q168431": "Secondino Tranquilli (1 May 1900 \u2013 22 August 1978), known by the pseudonym Ignazio Silone (, Italian: [i\u0272\u02c8\u0272attsjo si\u02c8lo\u02d0ne]), was an Italian political leader, novelist, and short-story writer, world-famous during World War II for his powerful anti-Fascist novels. He was nominated for the Nobel prize for literature ten times.", "Q669206": "Claude Audran III (25 August 1658 \u2013 27 May 1734) was a French painter.\nAudran was born in Lyon into a family of artists. He lived with his uncle, Claude Audran the Younger. Painter to the Louis XIV of France in 1699. From 1700-1701 he took part in the decoration of the Menagerie of Versailles and the Chapels of Versailles, and the Palace of Fontainebleau, Ch\u00e2teau d'Anet, Ch\u00e2teau de Meudon, and Les Invalides. In 1704, he decorated the new apartment of the Duchess at the Ch\u00e2teau de Sceaux. Audran obtained the office of Keeper of the Luxembourg Palace in 1704. In 1709, he executed a backdrop for King Louis XIV at the Ch\u00e2teau de Marly. This setting, now destroyed, is known from preparatory drawings.\nHe was a decorative artist, and made a number of tapestries for the Gobelins. Audran's style included arabesques, grotesques and singeries. He died in Paris in 1734.\n\n", "Q76187": "Sylvester Groth (born 31 March 1958) is a German theatre, television, and film actor. He has had an extensive career and is known to German as well as international audiences. \n\n", "Q1195785": "Paul Benjamin Arthurs (born 23 June 1965), also known as Bonehead, is an English musician. He is best known as the rhythm guitarist, occasional keyboardist, and co-founder of the rock band Oasis.", "Q1754382": "Creighton Hale (born Patrick Fitzgerald; 24 May 1882 \u2013 9 August 1965) was an Irish-American theatre, film, and television actor whose career extended more than a half-century, from the early 1900s to the end of the 1950s.", "Q46044": "Labyrinth of Passion (Spanish: Laberinto de pasiones) is a 1982 Spanish screwball comedy written and directed by Pedro Almod\u00f3var, starring Cecilia Roth and Imanol Arias. Antonio Banderas has a small role marking his film debut.\nLabyrinth of Passion, Almod\u00f3var's second film, was independently produced with a shoestring budget which allowed for better production values than his previous film Pepi, Luci, Bom, and to employ a more complex narrative.\nThe plot follows a nymphomaniac pop star who falls in love with a gay Middle Eastern prince. Their unlikely destiny is to find one another, overcome their sexual preferences and live happily ever after on a tropical island. Although badly received by Spanish film critics, Labyrinth of Passion was a modest success and it quickly reached cult film status. The film is an outrageous look at love and sex, framed in Madrid of the early 1980s, during the so-called Movida madrile\u00f1a, a period of sexual adventurousness between the dissolution of Franco's authoritarian regime and the onset of AIDS consciousness.", "Q230184": "Lee Grant (born Lyova Haskell Rosenthal; October 31, during the mid-1920s) is an American Oscar- and Emmy Award-winning actress and DGA Award-winning film director.\nGrant made her film debut in 1951 as a young shoplifter in William Wyler's Detective Story, co-starring Kirk Douglas and Eleanor Parker. This role earned her an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress as well as the Best Actress Award at the 1952 Cannes Film Festival.\nIn 1952 she was blacklisted from most acting jobs for the next 12 years. She was able to find only occasional work onstage or as a teacher during this period. It also contributed to her divorce. She was removed from the blacklist in 1962 and rebuilt her acting career in films. She starred in 71 TV episodes of Peyton Place (1965\u20131966), followed by lead roles in films such as Valley of the Dolls, In the Heat of the Night (both 1967), and Shampoo (1975), for the last of which she won an Oscar. In 1964, she won the Obie Award for Distinguished Performance by an Actress for her performance in The Maids. During her career she was nominated for the Emmy Award seven times between 1966 and 1993, winning twice. Her film Down and Out in America also tied for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 1986.", "Q209705": "Roskilde Cathedral (Danish: Roskilde Domkirke), in the city of Roskilde on the island of Zealand (Sj\u00e6lland) in eastern Denmark, is a cathedral of the Lutheran Church of Denmark.\nThe Cathedral is the most important church in Denmark, the official royal burial church of the Danish monarchs and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This is due to two criteria: the architecture of the Cathedral shows 800 years of European architectural styles, and it's one of the earliest examples in Scandinavia of a Gothic cathedral to be built in brick, it encouraged the spread of the Brick Gothic style throughout Northern Europe. Constructed during the 12th and 13th centuries, the Cathedral incorporates both Gothic and Romanesque architectural features in its design. The Cathedral has been the main burial site for Danish monarchs since the 15th century. As such, it has been significantly extended and altered over the centuries to accommodate a considerable number of burial chapels and the many added chapels shows different architectural styles.\nThe Cathedral is a major tourist attraction, bringing in over 165,000 visitors annually. Since 1995, it has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its unique architecture. A working church, it also hosts concerts throughout the year.", "Q556728": "Gino Soccio (born September 9, 1955) is a Canadian disco record producer based in Montreal. His only US Billboard Hot 100 entry was the #48 hit single \"Dancer\" in 1979, but he did hit #1 on the US Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart twice (\"Dancer\" / \"Dance to Dance\" in 1979, and \"Try It Out\" / \"Hold Tight\" in 1981, six weeks each). \"Dancer\" peaked at #46 in the UK Singles Chart in May 1979. Soccio's third biggest hit, \"It's Alright\" / \"Look At Yourself\", from his album, Face to Face, reached #2 for 5 weeks also on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart. \"Turn It Around\" was released only as a single in 1984.", "Q237833": "Jorge Agust\u00edn Nicol\u00e1s Ruiz de Santayana y Borr\u00e1s, known in English as George Santayana (; December 16, 1863 \u2013 September 26, 1952), was a philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist. Originally from Spain, Santayana was raised and educated in the United States from the age of eight and identified himself as an American, although he always retained a valid Spanish passport. He wrote in English and is generally considered an American man of letters. At the age of forty-eight, Santayana left his position at Harvard and returned to Europe permanently.\nSantayana is popularly known for aphorisms, such as \"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it\", \"Only the dead have seen the end of war\", and the definition of beauty as \"pleasure objectified\". Although an atheist, he treasured the Spanish Catholic values, practices, and worldview in which he was raised. Santayana was a broad-ranging cultural critic spanning many disciplines. He was profoundly influenced by Spinoza's life and thought; and, in many respects, was a devoted Spinozist.", "Q271866": "Judith Hoag (; born June 29, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying April O'Neil in the first Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles film in 1990, and as Gwen Cromwell Piper in the Disney Channel Halloweentown television films series from 1998 to 2006. She is also known for her role as Tandy Hampton in the ABC drama series Nashville (2012-2018).", "Q123140": "Jeanne Hersch (Geneva, 13 July 1910 \u2013 Geneva, 5 June 2000) was a Swiss philosopher of Polish-Jewish origin, whose works dealt with the concept of freedom.\nShe studied under the existentialist Karl Jaspers in Germany in the early 1930s. In 1956, she was appointed to a professorship at the University of Geneva, one of the first women to hold such a post at a Swiss university, holding the post until 1977. From 1966 to 1968 she headed the philosophy division of UNESCO, and was a member of its executive commission from 1970 to 1972.In 1968 she edited Le droit d'\u00eatre un homme, une anthologie mondiale de la libert\u00e9 in French (translated in English in 1969 as Birthright of man: a selection of texts and also in Greek as \u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2), an anthology of writings on human rights, republished in French in 1984 and 1990.In 1987, she received the Einstein Medal.", "Q201359": "George Perle (May 6, 1915 \u2013 January 23, 2009) was a composer and music theorist.", "Q77299": "Paul Alverdes (6 May 1897, Strasbourg - 28 February 1979, Munich) was a German novelist and poet.\nThe son of an officer and member of the German Youth Movement, he volunteered for duty in World War I and received a severe injury to the throat. After 1922 he was a freelance author in Munich, and from 1934 to 1944, along with Karl Benno von Mechow, he edited and published the journal Das innere Reich. Alverdes's work was influenced by the youth movement and by the World War I front experience, whose purifying and \"transforming\" power he praised. Nonetheless, he was only moderately popular with National Socialists because he lacked an \"activist-dynamic attitude\". After 1945 he mainly wrote stories for children.", "Q40435": "Buffalo is the second largest city in the U.S. state of New York and the largest city in Western New York. As of 2018's census estimates, the population was 256,322. The city is the county seat of Erie County and serves as a major gateway for commerce and travel across the Canadian border, forming part of the bi-national Buffalo Niagara Region and Buffalo\u2013Niagara Falls metropolitan area. As of 2010, the Buffalo\u2013Niagara Falls metropolitan area had a population of 1,135,509; the combined statistical area, which adds Cattaraugus County, had a population of 1,215,826 inhabitants.\nThe Buffalo area was inhabited before the 17th century by the Native American Iroquois tribe and later by French colonizers. The city grew significantly in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of immigration, the construction of the Erie Canal and rail transportation, and its close proximity to Lake Erie. This growth provided an abundance of fresh water and an ample trade route to the Midwestern United States while grooming its economy for the grain, steel and automobile industries that dominated the city's economy in the 20th century. Since the city's economy relied heavily on manufacturing, deindustrialization in the latter half of the 20th century led to a steady decline in population. While some manufacturing activity remains, Buffalo's economy has transitioned to service industries with a greater emphasis on healthcare, research and higher education, which emerged following the Great Recession.\nBuffalo is on the eastern shore of Lake Erie, at the head of the Niagara River, 16 miles (26 km) south of Niagara Falls. Its early embrace of electric power led to the nickname \"The City of Light\". The city is also famous for its urban planning and layout by Joseph Ellicott, an extensive system of parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, as well as significant architectural works. Its culture blends Northeastern and Midwestern traditions, with annual festivals including Taste of Buffalo and Allentown Art Festival, two professional sports teams (Buffalo Bills and Buffalo Sabres), and a thriving and progressive music and arts scene.", "Q455553": "Emine Bozkurt (born 9 August 1967) is a Dutch politician of Turkish descent and Member of the European Parliament since 2004. She is a member of the Dutch Labour Party, which is part of the Party of European Socialists.\nIn the European Parliament she is a member of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality. Furthermore, she is the chairperson of the Delegation for Relations with the Countries of Central America, as well as a substitute member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs.", "Q57149": "Fritz Todt (4 September 1891 \u2013 8 February 1942), was a German construction engineer and senior Nazi, who rose from the position of \"Inspector General for German Roadways\", where he directed the construction of the German Autobahns (Reichsautobahnen), to become the Reich Minister for Armaments and Ammunition. From that position he directed the entire German wartime military economy. At the beginning of World War II he initiated what Hitler named Organisation Todt, a military-engineering company, which supplied industry with forced labor and administered construction of the Nazi concentration camps in the late phase of Nazi Germany. Todt died in a mysterious aircraft crash in 1942.", "Q68352": "Gresso is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The municipality was formed in 1882 by splitting from Vergeletto. On 10 April 2016 the former municipalities of Vergeletto, Gresso, Mosogno and Isorno merged into the municipality of Onsernone.", "Q1074590": "Jahmaal Noel Fyffe (born 26 November 1990), better known by his stage name Chip (previously known as Chipmunk), is a British rapper and songwriter from Tottenham, North London. He scored a hit with Esm\u00e9e Denters, \"Until You Were Gone\", and has collaborated with N-Dubz and many others. In 2009, he released his debut album, I Am Chipmunk, featuring four songs which peaked in the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart, including the chart-topping \"Oopsy Daisy\". In 2011, Chipmunk released his follow-up album, the American hip hop-influenced Transition. It included the single \"Champion\" featuring Chris Brown, which peaked at #2 on the UK Singles Chart.", "Q3798668": "Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft. It has two major and overlapping branches: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. Avionics engineering is similar, but deals with the electronics side of aerospace engineering.\n\"Aeronautical engineering\" was the original term for the field. As flight technology advanced to include vehicles operating in outer space, the broader term \"aerospace engineering\" has come into common use. Aerospace engineering, particularly the astronautics branch, is often colloquially referred to as \"rocket science\".", "Q3370651": "Paul Bisciglia (30 July 1928 \u2013 18 April 2010) was a French film actor.", "Q191719": "Zooey Claire Deschanel (; born January 17, 1980) is an American actress, model, and singer-songwriter. She made her film debut in Mumford (1999) and next obtained a supporting role in Cameron Crowe's film Almost Famous (2000). Deschanel is known for her deadpan roles in comedy films such as The Good Girl (2002), The New Guy (2002), Elf (2003), The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005), Failure to Launch (2006), Yes Man (2008) and 500 Days of Summer (2009). She has ventured into more dramatic territory with Manic (2001), All the Real Girls (2003), Winter Passing (2005), and Bridge to Terabithia (2007). From 2011 to 2018, she played Jessica Day on the Fox sitcom New Girl, for which she received an Emmy Award nomination and three Golden Globe Award nominations.\nFor a few years starting in 2001, Deschanel performed in the jazz cabaret act If All the Stars Were Pretty Babies with actress Samantha Shelton. In 2006, Deschanel teamed up with M. Ward to form She & Him, and subsequently released their debut album, Volume One, in 2008. They have since released five albums: Volume Two, in 2010, A Very She & Him Christmas in 2011, Volume 3 in 2013, Classics in 2014, and Christmas Party in 2016. She received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Song Written for Visual Media for \"So Long\", which was featured in the 2011 film Winnie the Pooh soundtrack. Besides singing, she plays keyboards, percussion, banjo, and ukulele.Deschanel is also a co-founder of the female-focused website HelloGiggles, which was acquired by Time, Inc. in 2015.", "Q267037": "Jeon Do-yeon (born February 11, 1973) is a South Korean actress. She won Best Actress at the 60th Cannes Film Festival and the 1st Asia Pacific Screen Awards in Lee Chang-dong's 2007 film Secret Sunshine.", "Q4706597": "Alan Diego Faena (born 20 November 1963, in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine hotelier and real estate developer who has developed properties in his native Buenos Aires, as well as Miami Beach, Florida.Faena is the founder and President of Faena Group. He is a member of the Tate International Committee and the New Museum Leaders Council. He previously founded Via Vai in 1985, an Argentinian fashion label, and worked as a fashion designer.", "Q104514": "Adrien Brody (born April 14, 1973) is an American actor and producer. He received widespread recognition and acclaim after starring in Roman Polanski's The Pianist (2002), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor at age twenty-nine, making him the youngest actor to win in that category. Brody is the only male American actor to receive the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actor.\nOther successful films that Brody has starred in are The Thin Red Line (1998), The Village (2004), King Kong (2005), and Predators (2010). He is a frequent collaborator of Wes Anderson's, having starred in four of Anderson's films, The Darjeeling Limited (2007), Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009), The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014), and The French Dispatch (2020).\nIn 2017, he appeared in the fourth series of the BBC historical drama Peaky Blinders.", "Q462314": "Esmond Penington Knight (4 May 1906 \u2013 23 February 1987) was an English actor. He had a successful stage and film career before World War II. For much of his later career Knight was half blind. He had been badly injured in 1941 whilst on active service on board HMS Prince of Wales when she fought the Bismarck at the Battle of the Denmark Strait, and remained totally blind for two years, though he later regained some sight in his right eye.", "Q80": "Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (born 8 June 1955), also known as TimBL, is an English engineer and computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web. He is a Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Berners-Lee proposed an information management system on 12 March 1989, then implemented the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the internet in mid-November.Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) which oversees the continued development of the Web. He is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation and is a senior researcher and holder of the 3Com founders chair at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). He is a director of the Web Science Research Initiative (WSRI) and a member of the advisory board of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence. In 2011, he was named as a member of the board of trustees of the Ford Foundation. He is a founder and president of the Open Data Institute and is currently an advisor at social network MeWe.In 2004, Berners-Lee was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for his pioneering work. In April 2009, he was elected a Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences. He was named in Time magazine's list of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th century and has received a number of other accolades for his invention. He was honoured as the \"Inventor of the World Wide Web\" during the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in which he appeared working with a vintage NeXT Computer at the London Olympic Stadium. He tweeted \"This is for everyone\" which appeared in LCD lights attached to the chairs of the audience. He received the 2016 Turing Award \"for inventing the World Wide Web, the first web browser, and the fundamental protocols and algorithms allowing the Web to scale\".\n\n", "Q83495": "The Matrix is a 1999 science fiction action film written and directed by the Wachowskis. It stars Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Hugo Weaving, and Joe Pantoliano and is the first installment in the Matrix franchise. It depicts a dystopian future in which humanity is unknowingly trapped inside a simulated reality, the Matrix, created by intelligent machines to distract humans while using their bodies as an energy source. When computer programmer Thomas Anderson, under the hacker alias \"Neo\", uncovers the truth, he \"is drawn into a rebellion against the machines\" along with other people who have been freed from the Matrix.\nThe Matrix is an example of the cyberpunk subgenre of science fiction. The Wachowskis' approach to action scenes was influenced by Japanese animation and martial arts films, and the film's use of fight choreographers and wire fu techniques from Hong Kong action cinema influenced subsequent Hollywood action film productions. The film is known for popularizing a visual effect known as \"bullet time\", where the heightened perception of certain characters is represented by allowing the action within a shot to progress in slow-motion while the camera appears to move through the scene at normal speed, allowing the sped-up movements of certain characters to be perceived normally. While some critics have praised the film for its handling of difficult subjects, others have said the deeper themes are largely overshadowed by its action scenes.\nThe Matrix was first released in the United States on March 31, 1999, and grossed over $460 million worldwide. It was well-received by many critics and won four Academy Awards, as well as other accolades, including BAFTA Awards and Saturn Awards. The Matrix was praised for its innovative visual effects, action sequences, cinematography and entertainment value. The film is considered to be among the best science fiction films of all time, and was added to the National Film Registry for preservation in 2012. The success of the film led to the release of two feature film sequels in 2003, The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, which were also written and directed by the Wachowskis. The Matrix franchise was further expanded through the production of comic books, video games and animated short films, with which the Wachowskis were heavily involved. The Matrix franchise has also inspired books and theories expanding on some of the religious and philosophical ideas alluded to in the films. A fourth film is scheduled for release on May 21, 2021.", "Q58291": "Murray Stuart McCully (born 19 February 1953) is a former New Zealand politician. He is a member of the National Party, and served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2008 to 2017.\n\n", "Q29468": "The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (Grand Old Party), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with its main, historic rival, the Democratic Party.\nThe GOP was founded in 1854 by opponents of the Kansas\u2013Nebraska Act, which allowed for the potential expansion of slavery into certain U.S. territories. The party supported classical liberalism, opposed the expansion of slavery, and supported economic reform. Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican president. Under the leadership of Lincoln and a Republican Congress, slavery was banned in the United States in 1865. The Party was generally dominant during the Third Party System and the Fourth Party System. After 1912, the Party underwent an ideological shift to the right. Following the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the party's core base shifted, with Southern states becoming more reliably Republican in presidential politics. The party's 21st-century base of support includes people living in rural areas, men, people without college degrees, the elderly, white Americans, and evangelical Christians.The 21st-century Republican Party ideology is American conservatism, which incorporates both economic policies and social values. The GOP supports lower taxes, free market capitalism, restrictions on immigration, increased military spending, gun rights, restrictions on abortion, deregulation and restrictions on labor unions. After the Supreme Court's 1973 decision in Roe v. Wade, the Republican Party opposed abortion in its party platform and grew its support among evangelicals. The GOP was strongly committed to protectionism and tariffs at its founding but grew more supportive of free trade in the 20th century.\nThere have been 19 Republican presidents (including incumbent president Donald Trump, who was elected in 2016), the most from any one political party. As of 2020, the GOP controls the presidency, a majority in the U.S. Senate, a majority of state governorships, a majority (29) of state legislatures, and 21 state government trifectas (governorship and both legislative chambers). Five of the nine sitting U.S. Supreme Court justices were nominated by Republican presidents.", "Q251585": "Moscow-Cassiopeia (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u041a\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043f\u0435\u044f, romanized: Moskva-Kassiopeya) is a Soviet comic science fiction film directed by Richard Viktorov based on a script by Isai Kuznetsov and Avenir Zak. Followed by Teens in the Universe (second part, 1975).", "Q622944": "Dinosaur Jr. is an American rock band formed in Amherst, Massachusetts, in 1984, originally simply called Dinosaur until legal issues forced a change in name.\nThe band was founded by J Mascis (guitar, vocals, primary songwriter), Lou Barlow (bass, vocals), and Murph (drums). After three albums on independent labels, the band earned a reputation as one of the formative influences on American alternative rock. Creative tension led to Mascis firing Barlow, who later formed Sebadoh and Folk Implosion. His replacement, Mike Johnson came aboard for three major-label albums. Murph eventually quit, with Mascis taking over drum duties on the band's albums before the group disbanded in 1997. The original lineup reformed in 2005, releasing four albums thereafter.Mascis's drawling vocals and distinct guitar sound, hearkening back to 1960s and 1970s classic rock and characterized by extensive use of feedback and distortion, were highly influential in the alternative rock movement of the 1990s.", "Q271655": "Laura La Plante (born Laura LaPlant; November 1, 1904 \u2013 October 14, 1996) was an American film actress, whose more notable performances were in the silent era.", "Q180614": "Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes. Melanomas typically occur in the skin but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines or eye (uveal melanoma). In women, they most commonly occur on the legs, while in men they most commonly occur on the back. About 25% of melanomas develop from moles. Changes in a mole that can indicate melanoma include an increase in size, irregular edges, change in color, itchiness or skin breakdown.The primary cause of melanoma is ultraviolet light (UV) exposure in those with low levels of the skin pigment melanin. The UV light may be from the sun or other sources, such as tanning devices. Those with many moles, a history of affected family members and poor immune function are at greater risk. A number of rare genetic conditions such as xeroderma pigmentosum also increase the risk. Diagnosis is by biopsy and analysis of any skin lesion that has signs of being potentially cancerous.Using sunscreen and avoiding UV light may prevent melanoma. Treatment is typically removal by surgery. In those with slightly larger cancers, nearby lymph nodes may be tested for spread (metastasis). Most people are cured if spread has not occurred. For those in whom melanoma has spread, immunotherapy, biologic therapy, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may improve survival. With treatment, the five-year survival rates in the United States are 99% among those with localized disease, 65% when the disease has spread to lymph nodes and 25% among those with distant spread. The likelihood that melanoma will reoccur or spread depends on its thickness, how fast the cells are dividing and whether or not the overlying skin has broken down.Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. Globally, in 2012, it newly occurred in 232,000 people. In 2015, there were 3.1 million people with active disease, which resulted in 59,800 deaths. Australia and New Zealand have the highest rates of melanoma in the world. There are also high rates in Northern Europe and North America, while it is less common in Asia, Africa and Latin America. In the United States melanoma occurs about 1.6 times more often in men than women. Melanoma has become more common since the 1960s in areas mostly populated by people of European descent.", "Q28776": "Basic is a 2003 mystery-action thriller film directed by John McTiernan and starring John Travolta, Connie Nielsen, and Samuel L. Jackson. It is the second collaboration of Travolta and Jackson, following 1994's Pulp Fiction.", "Q1131966": "NSCAD University, also called the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, is a post-secondary art school in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It was founded in 1887 by Anna Leonowens and later became the first degree-granting art school in Canada.", "Q943753": "Mitar Suboti\u0107 \"Suba\" (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0421\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u045b \u0421\u0443\u0431\u0430) (June 23, 1961 in Novi Sad, PR Serbia, FPR Yugoslavia \u2013 November 2, 1999 in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil), also known as Rex Ilusivii (Latin for The King of Illusions), was a Serbian-born musician and composer who was set to become one of Brazil's most prominent producers when he died in November 1999.Suboti\u0107 obtained a university degree in his hometown from the University of Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia, before continuing electronic music studies in Belgrade. He was a pioneer of electronic music in former Yugoslavia, since he mixed and produced a number of celebrated albums of Yugoslav new wave acts such as Ekatarina Velika, Haustor, Marina Perazi\u0107 in the course of the 1980s. In 1986, his fusion of electronic music and Yugoslav folk lullabies, In The Mooncage was awarded the International Fund for Promotion of Culture from UNESCO, which included a three-month scholarship to research Afro-Brazilian rhythms in Brazil. Falling in love with the country and its music, he emigrated to S\u00e3o Paulo in the 1990s, where his fruitful production began and ended. During that time he participated Milan Mladenovi\u0107's last project Angel's Breath, and recorded his famous album S\u00e3o Paulo Confessions.\nOn November 2, 1999, he was working on the post-production of the album of his new-found diva, Bebel Gilberto, when his studio caught fire. Overcome by smoke, he died trying to rescue the newly recorded material with her. Suba died just a few days after the release of his album S\u00e3o Paulo Confessions, and shortly before the completion of Bebel Gilberto's acclaimed Tanto Tempo, the biggest selling Brazilian album outside Brazil.", "Q65676": "B\u00fctschwil is a former municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of B\u00fctschwil and Ganterschwil merged to form the new municipality of B\u00fctschwil-Ganterschwil.\n\n", "Q233466": "Elisabeth Singleton Moss (born July 24, 1982) is an American actor. She is known for her work in several television dramas, earning such accolades as two Primetime Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards, which led Vulture to name her the \"Queen of Peak TV\".Moss began acting in the early 1990s and first gained recognition for playing Zoey Bartlet, the youngest daughter of President Josiah Bartlet, in the NBC political drama series The West Wing (1999\u20132006). Wider recognition came for playing Peggy Olson, a secretary-turned-copywriter, in the AMC period drama series Mad Men (2007\u20132015). She won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Miniseries or Television Film for her portrayal of Detective Robin Griffin in the BBC miniseries Top of the Lake (2013), and she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series and Outstanding Drama Series for producing and starring in the Hulu dystopian drama series The Handmaid's Tale (2017\u2013present).\nIn film, Moss had supporting roles in Girl, Interrupted (1999), Get Him to the Greek (2010), and Us (2019); and starring roles in The One I Love (2014), The Square (2017), and The Invisible Man (2020). She has also starred in three films by Alex Ross Perry, including Her Smell (2018). Her theatre work includes Broadway productions of David Mamet's Speed the Plow and Wendy Wasserstein's The Heidi Chronicles. For the latter, she received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play. She has also appeared in the West End production of Lillian Hellman's The Children's Hour.\n\n", "Q109030": "Dagobert von Gerhardt (pen-name Gerhard von Amyntor; 12 July 1831 in Liegnitz, Silesia \u2013 now Legnica, Poland \u2013 24 February 1910 in Potsdam) was a German soldier, poet, and novelist.", "Q106303": "Daniel Auteuil (French pronunciation: \u200b[danj\u025bl ot\u0153j]; born 24 January 1950) is a French actor and director who has appeared in a wide range of film genres, including period dramas, romantic comedies, and crime thrillers. In 1996 he won the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival together with Belgian actor Pascal Duquenne. He is also the winner of two C\u00e9sar Awards for Best Actor, one in 1987 as Ugolin Soubeyran in Jean de Florette and Manon des Sources and one for his role in Girl on the Bridge. For his role in Jean de Florette he also won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. Auteuil is considered one of France's most respected actors.", "Q22026371": "The Young Pope is a drama television series created and directed by Paolo Sorrentino for Sky Atlantic, HBO, and Canal+. The series stars Jude Law as the disruptive Pope Pius XIII and Diane Keaton as his confidante Sister Mary, in a Vatican full of intrigues. It is co-produced by European production companies: Wildside, Haut et Court TV, and Mediapro.\nThe world premiere of The Young Pope was on 3 September 2016 at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival, where the first two episodes were screened out of the competition, the first time in the history of the festival that a TV series has been a part of the program. The series premiered on television on 21 October 2016 on Sky Atlantic in Italy.\nOriginally designed as a limited series, The Young Pope was marketed as such especially in the United States. However, Wildside producer Lorenzo Mieli announced on 20 October 2016 that a second season of the series was in development. Later, the project was revealed to be a follow-up miniseries called The New Pope, with Law returning and joined by John Malkovich, whose production began in Italy in late 2018.On 14 July 2017, The Young Pope received two nominations for the 69th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, becoming the first Italian TV series to be nominated for Primetime Emmy Awards.", "Q331503": "Christopher Michael Hewett (5 April 1921 \u2013 3 August 2001) was a British actor and theatre director best known for his role as Lynn Aloysius Belvedere on the ABC sitcom Mr. Belvedere.", "Q715642": "Roy Mitchell Kinnear (8 January 1934 \u2013 20 September 1988) was a British character actor. He is known for his roles in films directed by Richard Lester; including Algernon in Help! (1965), Clapper in How I Won the War (1967), and Planchet in The Three Musketeers (1973), reprising the latter role in the 1974 and 1989 sequels. He is also known for playing Private Monty Bartlett in The Hill (1965), Henry Salt in the 1971 film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, and cruise director Curtain in Juggernaut (1974).\nKinnear made his stage debut in 1955, and came to prominence in the BBC satirical comedy series That Was the Week That Was in 1962. He went on to appear in numerous British television comedy programmes, including The Dick Emery Show (1979\u20131981), and in the sitcoms Man About the House (1974\u20131975), George and Mildred (1976\u20131979) and Cowboys (1980\u20131981).", "Q971087": "Steponas Kairys (pronunciation ; January 3 [O.S. December 20, 1878] 1879 in U\u017enev\u0117\u017eiai near Ukmerg\u0117 \u2013 December 16, 1964 in Brooklyn) was a Lithuanian engineer, nationalist, and social democrat. He was among the 20 men to sign the Act of Independence of Lithuania on February 16, 1918.\n\n", "Q357686": "Michael McManus (born April 15, 1962) is a Canadian actor who played the ex-assassin Kai in the science fiction series Lexx.\n\n", "Q479052": "Aar\u00f3n D\u00edaz Spencer (born March 7, 1982) is a Mexican American actor, singer, and model.", "Q359873": "Andy Milder (born August 16, 1969) is an American actor and voice actor. He has appeared in such films as Apollo 13, Armageddon, Rumor Has It\u2026, Frost/Nixon, Transformers and Domino. He was a series regular on Fame L.A. and Weeds, and appeared on such shows as Star Trek: Voyager, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, The West Wing, Six Feet Under, Ugly Betty, Boston Legal, Parks and Recreation, Married... with Children, The Wonder Years, Private Practice and Criminal Minds. Milder provided narration for Ballroom Bootcamp, 101 Most Starlicious Make-Overs, Wrecks to Riches, and Lost Gold of World War II. He provided the voice of Prince Sebastian LaCroix in the 2004 video game Vampire: The Masquerade \u2013 Bloodlines and Lightning Lad in the 2006 animated series Legion of Super Heroes and the film Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: Justice League: Cosmic Clash. From 2005 to 2009, he was a recurring cast member and later series regular on Weeds as Dean Hodes. Starting in 2011, he is a recurring cast member on the Disney Channel sitcom Austin & Ally as Lester Dawson. He also had an appearance on the show Royal Pains on the USA Network as well as Rizzoli & Isles on TNT.", "Q96926": "Thomas Wimmer (Siglfing 7 January 1887 \u2013 Munich 18 January 1964) was a Bavarian SPD politician. He was mayor of Munich from 1948 to 1960.", "Q1594687": "Heiko Maile (born 12 January 1966 in Sydney, Australia) is a German musician and composer. He is best known as a member of the band Camouflage and as the composer for the score of the films The Wave and We Are the Night and won the Deutscher Fernsehpreis for best music in 2017.", "Q3103613": "Georges Villiers (15 June 1899 \u2013 13 April 1982) was a French mining engineer who was Mayor of Lyon during World War II (1939\u201345), then was deported to Dachau.\nAfter the war for many years he was head of the national employers association.\n\n", "Q35041": "William McKinley (born William McKinley Jr., January 29, 1843 \u2013 September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States from 1897, until his assassination in 1901. During his presidency, McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish\u2013American War, raised protective tariffs to promote American industry and kept the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of free silver (effectively, expansionary monetary policy).\nMcKinley was the last president to have served in the American Civil War and the only one to have started the war as an enlisted soldier, beginning as a private in the Union Army and ending as a brevet major. After the war, he settled in Canton, Ohio, where he practiced law and married Ida Saxton. In 1876, he was elected to Congress, where he became the Republican Party's expert on the protective tariff, which he promised would bring prosperity. His 1890 McKinley Tariff was highly controversial, which together with a Democratic redistricting aimed at gerrymandering him out of office led to his defeat in the Democratic landslide of 1890. He was elected governor of Ohio in 1891 and 1893, steering a moderate course between capital and labor interests. With the aid of his close adviser Mark Hanna, he secured the Republican nomination for president in 1896 amid a deep economic depression. He defeated his Democratic rival William Jennings Bryan after a front porch campaign in which he advocated \"sound money\" (the gold standard unless altered by international agreement) and promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity.\nRapid economic growth marked McKinley's presidency. He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition and in 1900 secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act. McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict, but when negotiation failed he led the nation into the Spanish-American War of 1898. The United States victory was quick and decisive. As part of the peace settlement, Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines while Cuba was promised independence, but at that time remained under the control of the United States Army. The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a United States territory.\nHistorians regard McKinley's 1896 victory as a realigning election in which the political stalemate of the post-Civil War era gave way to the Republican-dominated Fourth Party System, which began with the Progressive Era. McKinley defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election in a campaign focused on imperialism, protectionism and free silver. His legacy was suddenly cut short when he was shot on September 6, 1901 by Leon Czolgosz, a second-generation Polish-American with anarchist leanings. McKinley died eight days later and was succeeded by his Vice President Theodore Roosevelt. As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment, McKinley's presidency is generally considered above average, though his highly positive public perception was soon overshadowed by Roosevelt.", "Q146041": "Zan Ganassa (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8dza\u014b \u0261a\u02c8nassa]; c.\u20091540 \u2013 c. 1584) was the stage name of an early actor-manager of Commedia dell'arte, whose company was one of the first to tour outside Italy. Ganassa's real name was probably Alberto Naseli (also spelled Naselli).He was known for playing zanni, comic servant roles, hence his stage name, and is one of the first actors believed to have played the zanni subtype known as Harlequin (Arlecchino in Italian), which subsequently became one of the most important leading roles in Commedia dell'arte plays.Ganassa is first mentioned in 1568 as the leader of a troupe in Mantua. After his troupe had performed in Paris in 1571, they were invited by Charles IX of France to take part of the festivities surrounding the marriage of the King of Navarre (later Henry IV) to Charles's sister Marguerite de Valois in August 1572.From 1574 to 1584 Ganassa performed in Spain during the reign of Philip II, where he exerted considerable influence on early Spanish professional theatre. He was so popular that the authorities in Seville withdrew the troupe's license: workers were neglecting their jobs in order to see the plays. Ganassa is mentioned numerous times by Lope de Vega, who may have based his comic servant gracioso on Commedia dell'arte types. The gracioso later became a stock character of Spanish comedia.During this period, it was common for theatre companies to set up their stages right before a performance and take down everything immediately after. Ganassa recognized what a burden this would be and donated to the city of Madrid to create a theatre known as Corral de la Pacheca, which is the first ever permanent theatre in Madrid. Ganassa guaranteed himself tenancy in this theatre by a 9\u201310-year lease from its owner, Isabel Pacheco, by persuading the Cofrades. Ganassa also donated again to the Cofrades in 1582 to help build the second permanent theatre space of Madrid, the Corral del Pr\u00edncipe.", "Q458922": "Jerry McCain, often billed as Jerry \"Boogie\" McCain (June 18, 1930 \u2013 March 28, 2012), was an American electric blues musician, best known as a harmonica player.", "Q908544": "Herbert Henry Dow (February 26, 1866 \u2013 October 15, 1930) was a Canadian-born American chemical industrialist, best known as the founder of the American multinational conglomerate Dow Chemical. He was a graduate of Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland, Ohio. He was a prolific inventor of chemical processes, compounds, and products, and was a successful businessman.\n\n", "Q97386": "Andreas Hofer (born 19 May 1962) is a German film actor. He appeared in more than forty films since 1987.", "Q52964": "Baron Johan Gustaf Nils Samuel \u00c5kerhielm af Margaretelund (24 June 1833 \u2013 2 April 1900) was a politician, a baron, a landowner, member of the Riksdag from 1859 to 1866 and from 1870 to 1900, a Minister of Finance from 1874 to 1875, a Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1889, and a Prime Minister from 1889 to 1891.He was married to Ulrika Gyldenstolpe in 1860, with whom he had three children.", "Q331265": "Street People (Italian: Gli esecutori, also known as The Executors and The Sicilian Cross) is an Italian crime-action film directed in 1976 by Maurizio Lucidi. It was written, among others, by the French Connection 's screenwriter, Ernest Tidyman. It was released in United States by American International Pictures.", "Q666860": "The Church of Norway (Den norske kirke in Bokm\u00e5l and Den norske kyrkja in Nynorsk) is an evangelical Lutheran denomination of Protestant Christianity and by far the largest Christian church in Norway. The church became the state church of Norway around 1020 and was established as a separate church intimately integrated with the state as a result of the Lutheran reformation in Denmark\u2013Norway that broke ties with the Holy See in 1536\u20131537; the King of Norway was the church's head from 1537 to 2012. Historically the church was one of the main instruments of royal power and official authority, and an important part of the state administration; local government was based on the church's parishes with significant official responsibility held by the parish priest. In the 19th and 20th centuries it gradually ceded most administrative functions to the secular civil service. The modern Constitution of Norway describes the church as the country's \"people's church\" and requires the King of Norway to be a member. It is by far the largest church in Norway, and until the 19th century membership was mandatory for everyone. Church employees were civil servants from the Reformation until 2017, when the church became a legal entity separate from the state administration. The church of Norway is mentioned specifically in the constitution and is subject to the Church Act. Municipalities are required by law to support activities of parishes and to maintain church buildings and church yards. Other religious communities are entitled to the same level of government subsidies as the Church of Norway.", "Q159161": "Cemal G\u00fcrsel (Turkish: [d\u0292e\u02c8mal \u025fy\u027e\u02c8s\u00e6l]; 13 October 1895 \u2013 14 September 1966) was a Turkish army officer, and the fourth President of Turkey.", "Q378103": "For My Pain... (often abbreviated \u201cFMP...\u201d or just \u201cFMP\u201d) was a gothic metal supergroup from Oulu, Finland, featuring members from Embraze, Eternal Tears of Sorrow, Nightwish, Charon and Reflexion. The band released their successful debut album \u201cFallen\u201d in 2003, but has since not released a new full-length album.", "Q350857": "Christian Georgievich Rakovsky (Russian: \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; August 13 [O.S. August 1] 1873 \u2013 September 11, 1941) was a Bulgarian socialist revolutionary, a Bolshevik politician and Soviet diplomat; he was also noted as a journalist, physician, and essayist. Rakovsky's political career took him throughout the Balkans and into France and Imperial Russia; for part of his life, he was also a Romanian citizen.\nA lifelong collaborator of Leon Trotsky, he was a prominent activist of the Second International, involved in politics with the Bulgarian Workers' Social Democratic Party, Romanian Social Democratic Party, and the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Rakovsky was expelled at different times from various countries as a result of his activities, and, during World War I, became a founding member of the Revolutionary Balkan Social Democratic Labor Federation while helping to organize the Zimmerwald Conference. Imprisoned by Romanian authorities, he made his way to Russia, where he joined the Bolshevik Party after the October Revolution, and, as head of the Rumcherod, unsuccessfully attempted to generate a communist revolution in the Kingdom of Romania. Subsequently, he was a founding member of the Comintern, served as head of government in the Ukrainian SSR, and took part in negotiations at the Genoa Conference.\nHe came to oppose Joseph Stalin and rallied with the Left Opposition, being marginalized inside the government and sent as Soviet ambassador to London and Paris, where he was involved in renegotiating financial settlements. He was ultimately recalled from France in autumn 1927, after signing his name to a controversial Trotskyist platform which endorsed world revolution. Credited with having developed the Trotskyist critique of Stalinism as \"bureaucratic centrism\", Rakovsky was subject to internal exile. Submitting to Stalin's leadership in 1934 and being briefly reinstated, he was nonetheless implicated in the Trial of the Twenty One (part of the Moscow Trials), imprisoned, and executed by the NKVD during World War II. He was rehabilitated in 1988, during the Soviet Glasnost period.", "Q723496": "Robert Stanley Dyrdek (born June 28, 1974) is an American entrepreneur, actor, producer, reality TV personality, and former professional skateboarder. He is best known for his roles in the reality shows Rob & Big, Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory and Ridiculousness. He also is the creator of the animated series Wild Grinders, in which he voices the series' main character, Lil Rob. In 2014, Dyrdek was labeled as one of the \"most influential skateboarders of all-time\" by FoxWeekly.", "Q327407": "Bi Feiyu (Chinese: \u6bd5\u98de\u5b87; pinyin: B\u00ec F\u0113iy\u01d4, born 1964) is a Chinese writer. His works are known for their complex portrayal of the \"female psyche.\" He has won some of the highest literary awards in China. He also wrote the screenplay for Zhang Yimou's 1996 film Shanghai Triad.\n\n", "Q607252": "King Kobra is an American hard rock band, founded by drummer Carmine Appice after his tenure with Ozzy Osbourne from 1983 to 1984. During the time of their first two albums, the band consisted of four relatively unknown musicians that included vocalist Mark Free, guitarist [|David Michael-Philips], guitarist Mick Sweda, and bassist Johnny Rod. After two albums on Capitol records\u2014Ready to Strike (November 9, 1985) and Thrill of a Lifetime (1986)\u2014and an independent release entitled King Kobra III in 1988, Appice decided to dissolve the band and join guitarist John Sykes on his Blue Murder project in 1989.In 2010, a new King Kobra emerged, with Carmine Appice on drums, Paul Shortino taking over vocal duties, Mick Sweda on guitar, David Henzerling (a.k.a. David Michael-Philips) on guitar, and Johnny Rod on bass. This lineup released an eponymous album, King Kobra, in 2011 on Frontiers Records, and another album in 2013 entitled King Kobra II.The band went on hiatus following the release of their 2013 album, largely due to the other commitments of the individual band members. They did, however, play live gigs in 2016 sans Mick Sweda.", "Q106465": "John Ray Grisham Jr. (; born February 8, 1955) is an American novelist, attorney, politician, and activist, best known for his popular legal thrillers. His books have been translated into 42 languages and published worldwide.\nGrisham graduated from Mississippi State University and received a J.D. degree from the University of Mississippi School of Law in 1981. He practiced criminal law for about a decade and served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from January 1984 to September 1990.His first novel, A Time to Kill, was published in June 1989, four years after he began writing it. As of 2012, his books had sold over 275 million copies worldwide. A Galaxy British Book Awards winner, Grisham is one of only three authors to sell two million copies on a first printing, the other two being Tom Clancy and J. K. Rowling.Grisham's first bestseller, The Firm, sold more than seven million copies. The book was adapted into a 1993 feature film of the same name, starring Tom Cruise, and a 2012 TV series which continues the story ten years after the events of the film and novel. Eight of his other novels have also been adapted into films: The Chamber, The Client, A Painted House, The Pelican Brief, The Rainmaker, The Runaway Jury, Skipping Christmas, and A Time to Kill. Grisham's latest book (which is also his 40th published novel), The Guardians, explores the story of Cullen Post, a defense attorney and Episcopal priest, who works to overturn a wrongful conviction.", "Q193668": "Benicio Monserrate Rafael del Toro S\u00e1nchez (born February 19, 1967) is a Puerto Rican actor and producer of Spanish descent. He has won critical acclaim and numerous accolades and awards, including an Academy Award, BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award for his portrayal of the jaded but morally upright police officer Javier Rodriguez in the film Traffic (2000). Del Toro's performance as ex-con turned religious fanatic in despair, Jack Jordan, in Alejandro Gonz\u00e1lez I\u00f1\u00e1rritu's 21 Grams (2003) earned him a second Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor, as well as a second Screen Actors Guild Awards nomination and a BAFTA Awards nomination for Best Actor in a Leading Role.\nHe is also known for his scene-stealing breakout role as the eccentric, unintelligible crook Fred Fenster in The Usual Suspects (1995), which won him his first Independent Spirit Award; Benny Dalmau in Basquiat (1996), which won him a second consecutive Independent Spirit Award; Dr. Gonzo in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998); gambleholic Franky Four Fingers in Snatch (2000); the predatory, unhinged antagonist Jackie Boy in Sin City (2005); revolutionary Che Guevara in Che (2008), a performance which earned him the Best Actor Award both at the Cannes Film Festival, and at the Goya Awards; and as Alejandro, a mysterious, ruthless agent out to bring down a drug cartel in Sicario (2015), for which del Toro won several awards, including the Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor, and was nominated for a third BAFTA Award.\nHis noteworthy body of work also includes portrayals of the Collector in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, infamous drug lord Pablo Escobar in Escobar: Paradise Lost, Lawrence Talbot in the 2010 remake of The Wolfman, and codebreaker DJ in Star Wars: The Last Jedi.", "Q65110": "Guarda is a former municipality in Inn District in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Ardez, Guarda, Tarasp, Ftan and Sent merged into the municipality of Scuol.Guarda was awarded the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage in 1975.", "Q309922": "Chlothar III (or Chlotar, Clothar, Clotaire, Chlotochar, or Hlothar, giving rise to the name Lothair; 652\u201373) was the eldest son of Clovis II, king of Neustria and Burgundy, and his queen Balthild. When Clovis died in 658, Chlothar succeeded him under the regency of his mother. Only a month beforehand, according to the near-contemporary Life of Eligius by the courtier Audoin (bishop) of Rouen, Saint Eligius had prophesied the death of Clovis, Balthild's downfall, and Chlothar's short reign.Few things are known about the time of Chlothar's reign. The Historia Langobardorum reports that in the early 660s a Frankish army invaded Provence and then Italy. This force came upon the camp of the Lombard king Grimoald I of Benevento, at Rivoli near Asta. Grimuald pretended to flee. The Franks looted the camp and celebrated. Then, after midnight, Grimuald attacked and drove them back to Neustria.\nAfter the death of Saint Eligius in 661, the Life of Eligius records that a plague reduced the population of France's cities. A plague in the British Isles, according to Bede, did the same there in 664.During the regency, Austrasians requested a king of their own and, in 662, Chlothar's court sent another son of Clovis II, Childeric II, to be king there.Also during his reign, the mayor of the palace Erchinoald died and a council of Franks elected Ebroin to replace him. Ebroin's early administrative authority was significant: Bede tells the story of how, in 668, the newly appointed Theodore of Canterbury could only travel through the Frankish kingdoms from Rome with the mayor's permission. Chlothar may have been more politically active after this time, as he reached the age of majority in 669. The nearest contemporary chronicle, the Liber Historiae Francorum of 727, relates only that he ruled for four years (presumably a reference to his active years 669-673) and then died. He is confirmed as still being in the sixteenth year of his reign in a chronological note in a Victorian Easter table of 673. His brother Theuderic III succeeded him as king later that same year.\nIt is notable that he is often described as the first roi fain\u00e9ant\u2014do-nothing king\u2014of the Merovingian dynasty.", "Q337614": "Jeton Kelmendi (born 1978 in Peja, Kosovo) is academic, Albanian journalist, poet, translator, university professor and political analyst.Jeton Kelmendi has some poems dedicated to important Albanian personalities as Mother Teresa (Living Beyond Herself), and Ibrahim Rugova (The Winter Of Great Despair).", "Q708613": "Harold Burroughs Rhodes (December 28, 1910 \u2013 December 17, 2000) was an American music inventor of the Army Air Corps Piano, the Pre-piano and the Rhodes piano (Fender Rhodes). Rhodes started his career by running piano schools around the United States.", "Q230609": "Ashley Victoria Benson (born December 18, 1989) is an American actress and model known for her role as Hanna Marin in the teen mystery-drama television series Pretty Little Liars (2010\u20132017). She starred in the films Bring It On: In It to Win It (2007), Christmas Cupid (2010), Spring Breakers (2012), Ratter (2015), Chronically Metropolitan (2016), and Her Smell (2018).", "Q352098": "Elliot John Gleave (born 20 June 1982), better known by his stage name Example, is an English musician, singer, rapper, songwriter and record producer. His name arose due to his initials being E.G., which is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase exempli gratia (\"for example\").Example first found success with the release of his second studio album, Won't Go Quietly, which peaked at number four on the UK Albums Chart and peaked at number one on the UK Dance Chart. and followed his debut album \"What We Made\" which was heavily hip-hop influenced due to Example only knowing a hip-hop record producer at the time. The album had two top 10 singles, \"Won't Go Quietly\" and \"Kickstarts\". His third album Playing in the Shadows was released on 4 September 2011. The album topped the charts with two number one singles, \"Changed the Way You Kiss Me\" (produced by Michael Woods) and \"Stay Awake\" (produced by electronic duo Nero). His fourth album, The Evolution of Man was released on 19 November 2012 and peaked at number 13 on the UK Albums Chart and also peaked at number one on the UK Dance Chart.\nSince The Evolution of Man, Example has released the lead single from his next album, entitled \"All the Wrong Places\", which was produced by Alfie Bamford and co-produced by Example and Steve Hill. It was the first song to be released through Epic Records and did so on 8 September 2013 peaking at number 13 on the UK Singles Chart. Then, \"Kids Again\", was released on 16 March 2014 and hit number 13 in the UK Single's charts. The fifth album, Live Life Living, was released on 7 July 2014.\nAs of 2014 he was the third most downloaded artist in the Dance Music category, after Cascada.", "Q38203": "Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 \u2013 June 1, 1968) was an American author, political activist, and lecturer. She was the first deaf-blind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree. The story of Keller and her teacher, Anne Sullivan, was made famous by Keller's autobiography, The Story of My Life, and its adaptations for film and stage, The Miracle Worker. Her birthplace in West Tuscumbia, Alabama, is now a museum and sponsors an annual \"Helen Keller Day\". Her June 27th birthday is commemorated as Helen Keller Day in Pennsylvania and, in the centenary year of her birth, was recognized by a presidential proclamation from US President Jimmy Carter.\nA prolific author, Keller was well-traveled and outspoken in her convictions. A member of the Socialist Party of America and the Industrial Workers of the World, she campaigned for women's suffrage, labor rights, socialism, antimilitarism, and other similar causes. She was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1971 and was one of twelve inaugural inductees to the Alabama Writers Hall of Fame on June 8, 2015.", "Q603034": "Drexel University is a private research university with its main campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1891 by Anthony J. Drexel, a financier and philanthropist. Founded as Drexel Institute of Art, Science, and Industry, it was renamed Drexel Institute of Technology in 1936, before assuming the name Drexel University in 1970.\nAs of 2015, more than 26,000 students were enrolled in over 70 undergraduate programs and more than 100 master's, doctoral, and professional programs at the university. Drexel's cooperative education program (co-op) is a prominent aspect of the school's degree programs, offering students the opportunity to gain up to 18 months of paid, full-time work experience in a field relevant to their undergraduate major or graduate degree program prior to graduation.", "Q1264049": "Richard Sheridan Franklin Bowling (born 26 February 1934), known as Frank Bowling, is a Guyana-born British artist. His paintings relate to Abstract expressionism, Color Field painting and Lyrical Abstraction.", "Q344822": "Herb Alpert (born March 31, 1935) is an American jazz musician most associated with the group variously known as Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass, Herb Alpert's Tijuana Brass, or TJB. Alpert is also a recording industry executive, the \"A\" of A&M Records, a recording label he and business partner Jerry Moss founded and eventually sold to PolyGram. Alpert also has created abstract expressionist paintings and sculpture over two decades, which are publicly displayed on occasion. Alpert and his wife, Lani Hall, are substantial philanthropists through the operation of the Herb Alpert Foundation.\nAlpert's musical accomplishments include five No. 1 albums and 28 albums total on the Billboard Album chart, nine Grammy Awards, fourteen platinum albums, and fifteen gold albums. Alpert has sold 72 million records worldwide. Alpert is the only recording artist to hit No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 pop chart as both a vocalist (\"This Guy's in Love with You\", 1968) and an instrumentalist (\"Rise\", 1979).", "Q613227": "Toyota Stadium (\u8c4a\u7530\u30b9\u30bf\u30b8\u30a2\u30e0, Toyota Sutajiamu) is a 45,000 seat retractable roof stadium in Toyota, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It was built in 2001 and is often used as home to the J1 League club Nagoya Grampus. The stadium is football-specific, which gives matches an authentic football aura; however, its location outside Nagoya city makes it impractical for consolidating the club's fan base in its billed hometown.\nIt is also used by Toyota Verblitz, a rugby union team in the Top League.\nIts roof is unique in that it folds much like an accordion; however, the roof has never been closed since 2015 due to extra costs for maintenance. \nToyota Stadium is one of the venues of the FIFA Club World Cup (formerly the Toyota Cup). The stadium was also used as one of the venues for 2019 Rugby World Cup, the first Rugby World Cup to be held in Asia.", "Q432245": "Peter Wildeblood (19 May 1923 \u2013 14 November 1999) was an Anglo-Canadian journalist, novelist, playwright and gay rights campaigner. He was one of the first men in the UK to publicly declare his homosexuality.", "Q1370996": "Scotti Hill (born Scott Lawrence Mulvehill on May 31, 1964, in Manhasset, New York), is one of the guitarists in the band Skid Row.He was also in the band Ozone Monday with singer Shawn McCabe, current Skid Row members guitarist Dave \"The Snake\" Sabo and bassist Rachel Bolan, and former Skid Row drummer Rob Affuso.", "Q60068": "Shivaji Rao Gaekwad (born 12 December 1950), known professionally as Rajinikanth or Rajni, is an Indian film actor who works primarily in Tamil cinema. In addition to acting, he has also worked as a producer and screenwriter. Hailed as Superstar or Thalaivaa (leader), Rajinikanth is widely regarded as the most popular actor in South India and is the highest-grossing actor in Tamil cinema history. As of 2019, Rajinikanth has won six Tamil Nadu State Film Awards\u2014four Best Actor Awards and two Special Awards for Best Actor\u2014and a Filmfare Best Tamil Actor Award. The Government of India has honored him with the Padma Bhushan (2000) and the Padma Vibhushan (2016). He received the Chevalier Sivaji Ganesan Award for Excellence in Indian Cinema at the 4th Vijay Awards. At the 45th International Film Festival of India (2014), he was conferred with the \"Centenary Award for Indian Film Personality of the Year\". At the 50th edition, he will be honored with the Icon of Global Jubilee award.Rajinikanth began acting in plays while working in the Bangalore Transport Service as a bus conductor. In 1973, he joined the Madras Film Institute to pursue a diploma in acting. Following his debut in K. Balachander's 1975 Tamil drama Apoorva Raagangal, his acting career commenced with a brief phase of portraying antagonistic characters in Tamil films. He had his first major role in Balachander's Telugu drama film Anthuleni Katha (1976), and got his breakthrough in Tamil with Moondru Mudichu (1976)\u2014also directed by Balachander. His style and mannerisms in the latter earned recognition from the audience. In 1978, he received critical acclaim for his roles in Mullum Malarum and Aval Appadithan; the former earned him a Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize for Best Actor. He played dual roles in the action thriller Billa (1980), which was a remake of the Bollywood film Don (1978). It was his biggest commercial success to that point and gave him the action hero image.The Suresh Krissna-directed Baashha, in which Rajinikanth played a crime boss, was a major commercial success in his career and earned him a 'god-like' status in Tamil Nadu. Later that year he acted in K. S. Ravikumar's Muthu, which was dubbed into Japanese. In Japan, the film grossed a record US$1.6 million in 1998 and was largely instrumental in creating a fan-base for Rajinikanth in the country. Padayappa (1999), his second collaboration with Ravikumar, went on to become the highest-grossing Tamil film to that point. After earning \u20b926 crore (equivalent to \u20b963 crore or US$8.9 million in 2019) for his role in Sivaji (2007), Rajinikanth became the highest-paid actor in Asia after Jackie Chan at the time. He played dual roles, as a scientist and an andro-humanoid robot, in the science fiction film Enthiran (2010) and its sequel 2.0 (2018), both being India's most expensive production at the time of their release, and among the highest-grossing Indian films of all time.\n\n", "Q965794": "Robert Terry Everett (born February 15, 1937) is an American politician and a Republican former member of the United States House of Representatives from Alabama's 2nd congressional district. He served from 1993 to his retirement in 2009. Everett was born on February 15, 1937, in Dothan, Alabama, the son of Bob and Thelma Everett. He lived and attended school in Midland City, Alabama.\nOn September 26, 2007, Everett announced his intention to retire at the end of the 110th Congress after the 2008 elections. He was succeeded by Bobby Bright, the first Democrat to represent the district since William Louis Dickinson won it during the Barry Goldwater landslide in Alabama in 1964.", "Q68434": "Canobbio is a municipality in the circolo Vezia of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland", "Q189630": "Zenkei Shibayama (\u67f4\u5c71 \u5168\u6176, Shibayama Zenkei, 1894 - 1974), a former Abbot of Nanzen-ji, was a Japanese Rinzai master well known for his commentary on the Mumonkan. One of his better-known students was Keido Fukushima, abbot of T\u014dfuku-ji. Shibayama also taught at Otani University and was the head abbot of the entire Nanzenji Organization, overseeing the administration of over five hundred temples.\nDue to a number of lecture tours he undertook to the United States in the 1960s, and the translation of several of his books into English, Shibayama was a significant contributor to the establishment of Zen in America.\n\n", "Q389688": "The Achaemenid Empire (), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire based in Western Asia founded by Cyrus the Great. Ranging at its greatest extent from the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper in the west to the Indus Valley in the east, it was larger than any previous empire in history, spanning 5.5 million square kilometers. Incorporating various peoples of different origins and faiths, it is notable for its successful model of a centralised, bureaucratic administration (through satraps under the King of Kings), for building infrastructure such as road systems and a postal system, the use of an official language across its territories, and the development of civil services and a large professional army. The empire's successes inspired similar systems in later empires.By the 7th century BC, the Persians had settled in the south-western portion of the Iranian Plateau in the region of Persis, which came to be their heartland. From this region, Cyrus the Great advanced to defeat the Medes, Lydia, and the Neo-Babylonian Empire, establishing the Achaemenid Empire. Alexander the Great, an avid admirer of Cyrus the Great, conquered most of the empire by 330 BC. Upon Alexander's death, most of the empire's former territory fell under the rule of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Seleucid Empire, in addition to other minor territories which gained independence at that time. The Iranian elites of the central plateau reclaimed power by the second century BC under the Parthian Empire.The Achaemenid Empire is noted in Western history as the antagonist of the Greek city-states during the Greco-Persian Wars and for the emancipation of the Jewish exiles in Babylon. The historical mark of the empire went far beyond its territorial and military influences and included cultural, social, technological and religious influences as well. Despite the lasting conflict between the two states, many Athenians adopted Achaemenid customs in their daily lives in a reciprocal cultural exchange, some being employed by or allied to the Persian kings. The impact of Cyrus's edict is mentioned in Judeo-Christian texts, and the empire was instrumental in the spread of Zoroastrianism as far east as China. The empire also set the tone for the politics, heritage and history of Iran (also known as Persia).", "Q57808": "Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev (Uzbek Latin: \u015eavkat Miromonovi\u00e7 (Miromon \u00f3\u01f5li) Mirziyoyev, Uzbek Cyrillic: \u0428\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d \u045e\u0493\u043b\u0438) \u041c\u0438\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0451\u0435\u0432, [\u0283\u0251f\u02c8k\u0251t mir\u0254\u02c8m\u0254n\u0259v\u02b2it\u0361\u0255 (mir\u0254\u02c8m\u0254n \u0153\u0263\u02c8l\u0259) mirzi\u02c8j\u0254j\u026af] ; born 24 July 1957) is an Uzbek politician who has served as President of Uzbekistan and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan since 2016. Previously he was the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan from 2003 to 2016.\nFollowing the death of President Islam Karimov, he was appointed by the Supreme Assembly as interim president of Uzbekistan on 8 September 2016. He was subsequently elected as president in the December 2016 presidential election, winning 88.6% of the vote, and was sworn in on 14 December 2016.", "Q710048": "Arthur John Rowledge, (30 July 1876 \u2013 11 December 1957) was an English engineer who designed the Napier Lion aero engine and was a key figure in the development of the Rolls-Royce Merlin.\n\n", "Q481925": "Amy Beth Pascal (born March 25, 1958) is an American business executive and film producer. She served as the Chairperson of the Motion Pictures Group of Sony Pictures Entertainment (SPE) and Co-Chairperson of SPE, including Sony Pictures Television, from 2006 until 2015. She has overseen the production and distribution of many films and television programs, and was co-chairman during the late-2014 Sony Pictures hack.\nHer company, Pascal Pictures, made its debut with the 2016 Ghostbusters reboot. In 2017, she produced Spider-Man: Homecoming, Molly's Game and The Post. She has received two Academy Award for Best Picture nominations, for producing The Post and Little Women.", "Q85796": "Lukrezia Luise \"Luc\" Jochimsen, n\u00e9e Lukrezia Schleussinger (born 1 March 1936), is a German sociologist, television journalist, and politician of The Left party.", "Q4935578": "Bobby D. Singleton is an American politician who is currently a Democratic member of the Alabama Senate, representing the 24th District since a special election in January 2005. Previously he was a member of the Alabama House of Representatives from 2002 through 2005.\nSingleton received a B.S. degree from Alabama State University and a J.D. from Miles Law School. He is a member of the Greenleaf Missionary Baptist Church in Greensboro. Singleton is the former chairman of the Alabama Legislative Black Caucus as well as Minority Whip of the Democratic caucus.On July 1, 2010, Singleton was arrested for blocking the entrance to Greenetrack gambling hall in Eutaw, Alabama. He was blocking members of Alabama Governor Bob Riley's Task Force on Illegal Gambling from entering the facility; which was a violation of a state Supreme Court order to re-enter and re-secure the site. Fifteen others were arrested including Greenetrack's CEO.\n\n", "Q165854": "Lev Borisovich Kamenev (born Leo Rosenfeld or Lev Borisovich Rozenfeld; 18 July [O.S. 6 July] 1883 \u2013 25 August 1936) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a prominent Soviet politician. He was one of the seven members of the first Politburo, founded in 1917 to manage the Bolshevik Revolution: Lenin, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Trotsky, Stalin, Sokolnikov and Bubnov.Kamenev was the brother-in-law of Leon Trotsky. He served briefly as the equivalent of the first head of state of Soviet Russia in 1917, and from 1923-24 as acting Premier in the last year of Vladimir Lenin's life. Joseph Stalin viewed him as a cause of discontent and opposition to his own leadership. Kamenev was executed on 25 August 1936 after a show trial during the period of the Great Purges.", "Q1110002": "The Coll\u00e8ge Sainte-Barbe is a former college in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France.\nThe Coll\u00e8ge Sainte-Barbe was founded in 1460 on Montagne Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve (Latin Quarter, Paris) by Pierre Antoine Victor de Lanneau, teacher of religious studies, as a college of the University of Paris. It was until June 1999 the \"oldest\" college of Paris.\nThe Barbiste Spirit is kept alive through the Friendly Association of Old Barbistes, founded in 1820, recognized a public society since 1880, which is the oldest association of alumni of France, \"l'Association Amicale des Anciens Barbistes\".\n\n", "Q3379661": "Philippe Crouzet (born 18 October 1956 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) is a French businessman, and the chairman of the management board of Vallourec (Euronext: VK) since April 2009.", "Q26029": "Mika Kristian Karppinen, better known as Gas Lipstick (born 8 February 1971), is a Swedish-Finnish musician, best known as the previous drummer of the Finnish gothic rock band HIM. Karppinen is also drummer to other bands, but they are on hiatus, such as Finnish deathgrind group To Separate the Flesh from the Bones, Finnish heavy metal group Bendover, Finnish punk group Valvontakomissio and International Finnish / Swedish punk group \u00c4\u00e4ritila.\nBorn in Eskilstuna, Sweden to Finnish parents, at age thirteen Karppinen moved to Finland with his family. He was a session drummer for one tour with the Finnish band named Tarot (known as project band of Marco Hietala - Nightwish). Before joining HIM, he was also a member of Kyyria, which included Santeri Kallio and Niclas Etel\u00e4vuori from the Finnish band Amorphis and singer Ville Tuomi of Suburban Tribe. He sang and played guitar in a Thrash Metal band called Dementia, including guitarist Roope Latvala of Children Of Bodom. He also was a drum tech for Stratovarius at one point and was on the Stratovarius DVD for a couple of parts.\nIn March 2011, the game company SongHi released internet music game with Karppinen's drum loops.On 27 January 2015, Karppinen announced his departure from HIM, feeling that he needed to move on as a musician.", "Q462466": "The Face of Fu Manchu is a 1965 thriller film directed by Don Sharp and based on the characters created by Sax Rohmer. It stars Christopher Lee as the eponymous villain, a Chinese criminal mastermind, and Nigel Green as his pursuing rival Nayland Smith, a Scotland Yard detective.\nThe film was a British-West German co-production, and was the first in a five-part series starring Lee and produced by Harry Alan Towers for Constantin Film, the second of which was The Brides of Fu Manchu released the next year, with the final entry being The Castle of Fu Manchu in 1969. Only the first two were directed by Sharp.It was shot in Technicolor and Techniscope on location in County Dublin, Ireland.", "Q104266": "Mel Brooks (born Melvyn Kaminsky; June 28, 1926) is an American director, writer, actor, comedian, producer and composer. He is known as a creator of broad film farces and comedic parodies. Brooks began his career as a comic and a writer for Sid Caesar's variety show Your Show of Shows (1950-54) alongside Woody Allen, Neil Simon, and Larry Gelbart. Together with Carl Reiner, he created the comic character The 2000 Year Old Man. He wrote, with Buck Henry, the hit television comedy series Get Smart, which ran from 1965 to 1970.\nIn middle age, Brooks became one of the most successful film directors of the 1970s, with many of his films being among the top 10 moneymakers of the year they were released. His best-known films include The Producers (1967), The Twelve Chairs (1970), Blazing Saddles (1974), Young Frankenstein (1974), Silent Movie (1976), High Anxiety (1977), History of the World, Part I (1981), Spaceballs (1987), and Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993). A musical adaptation of his first film, The Producers, ran on Broadway from 2001 to 2007.\nIn 2001, having previously won an Emmy, a Grammy and an Oscar, he joined a small list of EGOT winners with his Tony Award wins for The Producers. He received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2009, a Hollywood Walk of Fame star in 2010, the 41st AFI Life Achievement Award in June 2013, a British Film Institute Fellowship in March 2015, a National Medal of Arts in September 2016, and a BAFTA Fellowship in February 2017. Three of his films ranked in the American Film Institute's list of the top 100 comedy films of the past 100 years (1900\u20132000), all of which ranked in the top 15 of the list: Blazing Saddles at number 6, The Producers at number 11, and Young Frankenstein at number 13.Brooks was married to the actress Anne Bancroft from 1964 until her death in 2005. Their son Max Brooks is an actor and author, known for his novel World War Z: An Oral History of the Zombie War (2006).", "Q325204": "Joey, also known as Making Contact, is a 1985 West German horror-fantasy film from Centropolis Film Productions (now Centropolis Entertainment). The film was co-written and directed by Roland Emmerich.", "Q343181": "Vitaly Mikhailovich Bujanovsky or Buyanovsky (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0443\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, 27 August 1928, Leningrad \u2013 5 May 1993, Saint Petersburg) was a Soviet Russian classical horn player, music teacher and composer. He was the principal horn player at the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra under Yevgeny Mravinsky and professor at the Leningrad Conservatory. In 1985 he was elected an IHS Honorary Member.\n\n", "Q332778": "Sir Henry George Norris (23 July 1865 \u2013 30 July 1934) was an English businessman, politician and football club director, most famous for his chairmanship of both Fulham and Arsenal. He is particularly notorious for his alleged role in Arsenal's promotion to the top flight in 1919, despite them only finishing fifth in the Second Division.\n\n", "Q152020": "Caitlyn Taylor Love (born June 16, 1994) is an American actress and singer. She co-starred in the Disney XD sitcom I'm in the Band. She is the voice of White Tiger/Ava Ayala in the Disney XD animated TV show Ultimate Spider-Man: Web Warriors.", "Q335017": "Newport News is an independent city in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 180,719. In 2019, the population was estimated to be 179,225, making it the fifth-most populous city in Virginia.\nNewport News is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is at the southeastern end of the Virginia Peninsula, on the northern shore of the James River extending southeast from Skiffe's Creek along many miles of waterfront to the river's mouth at Newport News Point on the harbor of Hampton Roads. The area now known as Newport News was once a part of Warwick County. Warwick County was one of the eight original shires of Virginia, formed by the House of Burgesses in the British Colony of Virginia by order of King Charles I in 1634. The county was largely composed of farms and undeveloped land until almost 250 years later.In 1881, fifteen years of rapid development began under the leadership of Collis P. Huntington, whose new Peninsula Extension of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway from Richmond opened up means of transportation along the Peninsula and provided a new pathway for the railroad to bring West Virginia bituminous coal to port for coastal shipping and worldwide export. With the new railroad came a terminal and coal piers where the colliers were loaded. Within a few years, Huntington and his associates also built a large shipyard. In 1896, the new incorporated town of Newport News, which had briefly replaced Denbigh as the county seat of Warwick County, had a population of 9,000. In 1958, by mutual consent by referendum, Newport News was consolidated with the former Warwick County (itself a separate city from 1952 to 1958), rejoining the two localities to approximately their pre-1896 geographic size. The more widely known name of Newport News was selected as they formed what was then Virginia's third largest independent city in population.With many residents employed at the expansive Newport News Shipbuilding, the joint U.S. Air Force-U.S. Army installation at Joint Base Langley\u2013Eustis, and other military bases and suppliers, the city's economy is very connected to the military. The location on the harbor and along the James River facilitates a large boating industry which can take advantage of its many miles of waterfront. Newport News also serves as a junction between the rails and the sea with the Newport News Marine Terminals located at the East End of the city. Served by major east-west Interstate Highway 64, it is linked to others of the cities of Hampton Roads by the circumferential Hampton Roads Beltway, which crosses the harbor on two bridge-tunnels. Part of the Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport is in the city limits.", "Q472675": "Frederick is a city in, and the county seat, of Frederick County, Maryland. It is part of the Baltimore\u2013Washington Metropolitan Area. Frederick has long been an important crossroads, located at the intersection of a major north\u2013south Indian trail and east\u2013west routes to the Chesapeake Bay, both at Baltimore and what became Washington, D.C. and across the Appalachian mountains to the Ohio River watershed. It is a part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of a greater Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area. The city's population was 65,239 people at the 2010 United States Census, making it the second-largest incorporated city in Maryland, behind Baltimore. Frederick is home to Frederick Municipal Airport (IATA: FDK), which accommodates general aviation, and to the county's largest employer U.S. Army's Fort Detrick bioscience/communications research installation.", "Q944996": "Eugen Filotti (July 28 (July 17 O.S.) 1896 \u2013 June 1, 1975) was a Romanian diplomat, journalist and writer. As a diplomat he worked at the League of Nations in Geneva and then as minister plenipotentiary in Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria and Hungary. As minister plenipotentiary to Budapest he issued transit visas for Jews during the Holocaust. He was secretary general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1944\u20131945. As writer he published several translations of literary works.", "Q7251368": "The Protectionist Majority Party of the Upper House (Swedish: F\u00f6rsta kammarens protektionistiska majoritetsparti) was a political party in Sweden, founded in 1888. It was a conservative and protectionist party. Two politicians from this party, Gustaf \u00c5kerhielm and Christian Lundeberg, served as Prime Minister of Sweden. In 1912 the Protectionist Party became part of the National Party.", "Q30893": "Kevin S. Bright (born November 15, 1954) is an American television executive producer and director whose credits include Dream On, Friends, and Joey.", "Q431980": "Giuseppe De Felice Giuffrida (April 11, 1859 in Catania \u2013 July 19, 1920 in Aci Castello) was an Italian socialist politician and journalist from Sicily. He is considered to be one of the founders of the Fasci Siciliani (Sicilian Leagues) a popular movement of democratic and socialist inspiration. As the first socialist mayor of Catania in Sicily, from 1902 until 1914, he became the protagonist of a kind of municipal socialism.", "Q35733": "Viktor Vladimirovich Khlebnikov, better known by the pen name Velimir Khlebnikov (Russian: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0440 \u0425\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, IPA: [v\u02b2\u026al\u02b2\u026a\u02c8m\u02b2ir \u02c8xl\u02b2\u025bbn\u02b2\u026ak\u0259f]; 9 November [O.S. 28 October] 1885 \u2013 28 June 1922), was a Russian poet and playwright, a central part of the Russian Futurist movement, but his work and influence stretch far beyond it. Influential linguist Roman Jakobson hailed Khlebnikov as \"world's greatest poet of the XXth century\".", "Q575668": "Lionel Alfred William Atwill (1 March 1885 \u2013 22 April 1946) was an English stage and screen actor. He began his acting career at the Garrick Theatre. After coming to the U.S., he subsequently appeared in various Broadway plays and Hollywood films. Some of his more significant roles were in Captain Blood (1935), Son of Frankenstein (1939) and To Be or Not to Be (1942).", "Q151529": "Kambakkht Ishq (English: Incredible Love) is a 2009 Indian Hindi-language romantic action comedy film directed by Sabbir Khan and produced by Sajid Nadiadwala. The film is based on the 2002 Tamil film Pammal K. Sambandam, and features Akshay Kumar and Kareena Kapoor in pivotal roles along with actors Aftab Shivdasani and Amrita Arora in supporting roles. Hollywood actors Sylvester Stallone, Denise Richards, Brandon Routh and Holly Valance appear in cameos, playing themselves. Originally scheduled to release in December 2008, the film was postponed due to extensive production work and was released on 3 July 2009. Kambakkht Ishq was commercially successful at the box office. It was termed Hit by Box Office India.\n\n", "Q14925": "M\u00fchlhausen (German: [\u02c8my\u02d0lha\u028azn\u0329]) is a city in the north-west of Thuringia, Germany, 5 km (3 miles) north of Niederdorla, the country's geographical centre, 50 km (31 miles) north-west of Erfurt, 65 km (40 miles) east of Kassel and 50 km (31 miles) south-east of G\u00f6ttingen.\nM\u00fchlhausen was first mentioned in 967 and became one of the most important cities in central Germany in the late Middle Ages. In the mid-13th century, it became a Freie Reichsstadt, an independent and republican self-ruled member of the Holy Roman Empire, controlling an area of approximately 220 square kilometres (85 sq mi) and 19 regional villages. Due to its long-distance trade, M\u00fchlhausen was prosperous and influential with a population of 10,000 around 1500. Because it was spared from later destruction, M\u00fchlhausen today has a great variety of historical buildings with one of the largest medieval city centres remaining in Germany, covering a surface of more than 50 hectares within the inner city wall and approximately 200 hectares overall. There are eleven Gothic churches, several patricians\u2019 houses and a nearly completely preserved fortification.\nJohann Sebastian Bach worked as the city's organist in 1707\u201308. The theologian Thomas M\u00fcntzer, a leading person in the German Peasants' War, gave sermons here and was executed outside the city walls. John A. Roebling, the constructor of the Brooklyn Bridge, and Friedrich August St\u00fcler, an influential architect in mid-19th-century Prussia, were born in M\u00fchlhausen.\nM\u00fchlhausen is within the Thuringian Basin, a flat and fertile area, on the Unstrut river on the eastern edge of the Hainich hills.", "Q1516684": "The University of Kent (formerly the University of Kent at Canterbury, abbreviated as UKC) is a semi-collegiate public research university based in Kent, United Kingdom. It was founded in 1965 and is recognised as a Beloff's plate glass university. The University was granted its Royal Charter on 4 January 1965 and the following year Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent was formally installed as the first Chancellor.The university has its main campus north of Canterbury situated within 300 acres (1.2 km2) of park land, housing over 6,000 students, as well as campuses in Medway and Tonbridge in Kent and European postgraduate centres in Brussels, Athens, Rome and Paris. The University is international, with students from 158 different nationalities and 41% of its academic and research staff being from outside the United Kingdom. In 2016, over 28,000 students applied to the University through UCAS and 4000 accepted an offer.As of 2020, the University of Kent is ranked as one the top 70 universities in the UK by The Guardian, The Times and The Complete University Guide, and scores 85% for overall satisfaction in the 2018 National Student Survey. Almost three-quarters of the work submitted for the 2014 research assessments by the University was judged to be world-leading or internationally excellent. It is a member of the Santander Network of European universities encouraging social and economic development.", "Q316816": "Lennart Torstensson, Count of Ortala, Baron of Virestad (17 August 1603 \u2013 7 April 1651), was a Swedish Field Marshal and military engineer.", "Q171821": "Sogdiana (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0430), sometimes with the last name Fedorinskaya (\u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f), born as Oksana Vladimirovna Nechitaylo (Russian: \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e) is an Uzbek singer and actress, born February 17, 1984 in Tashkent. She is of Ukrainian descent.\nShe sings in Russian, Ukrainian, Uzbek, French, Chechen and English.\nSome of the songs she wrote herself. Her name alludes to the old kingdom Sogdiana partly consistent with today\u2019s Uzbekistan. She has described herself as shy, taciturn and introvert, but her trained voice is strong, safe and soulful and refers to Whitney Houston. As their role models, she said Sofia Rotaru, Queen, Lara Fabian, Mariah Carey, Ofra Haza, and Whitney Houston.", "Q177288": "Sophia Parnok (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0301\u043a, 30 July 1885 O.S./11 August 1885 (N. S.) \u2013 26 August 1933) was a Russian poet, journalist and translator. From the age of six, she wrote poetry in a style quite distinct from the predominant poets of her times, revealing instead her own sense of Russianness, Jewish identity and lesbianism. Besides her literary work, she worked as a journalist under the pen name of Andrei Polianin. She has been referred to as \"Russia's Sappho\", as she wrote openly about her seven lesbian relationships.\nSonya Yakovlevna Parnokh was born into a well-to-do family of professional Jews in a provincial city outside the Pale of Settlement. Her mother died after giving birth to her twin siblings and she was raised by her father and her step-mother, leaving her feeling her childhood lacked emotional support. From a young age, she wrote poetry and acknowledged her uniqueness\u2014her lesbianism, her Graves\u2019 disease, and her religion\u2014which set her apart from her peers.\nCompleting her studies at the Mariinskaya Gymnasium in 1894, Parnokh attempted to study music in Geneva, but lacked any real drive and quickly returned to Moscow. To distance herself from her father\u2019s control and her financial dependence on him, she published her first book of poems in 1906 under the pseudonym Sophia Parnok and married Vladimir Volkenstein in 1907. Within two years, the marriage failed and she began working as a journalist.\nFrom 1913, Parnok exclusively had relationships with women and used those love relationships to fuel her creativity. In a succession of relationships with Marina Tsvetaeva, Lyudmila Erarskaya, Olga Tsuberbiller, Maria Maksakova and Nina Vedeneyeva, her muses propelled her to publish five collections of poetry and write several librettos for opera, before her disease claimed her life in 1933.\nBarred from publication of her poetry after 1928, Parnok's works were mostly forgotten until after the Soviet period. Increased scholarship since that time, resulted in the publication of her collected works for the first time in 1979. While scholars have focused on her early influential relationship with Tsvetaeva, her best works are now recognized as those written from 1928.", "Q564765": "Heilbad Heiligenstadt is a spa town in Thuringia, Germany. It is the capital of the Eichsfeld district.", "Q65104": "Lenz may refer to:\n\nLenz (surname), including a list of people with the name\nLantsch/Lenz, the German name of the place in Grisons, Switzerland\nLenz (fragment), literary fragment by Georg B\u00fcchner\nLenz, Hood River County, Oregon, a populated place\nLenz, Klamath County, Oregon, a locale\nLents (crater), eponymyous of Emil Lenz", "Q80836": "Geislingen an der Steige is a town in the district of G\u00f6ppingen in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in southern Germany. The name relates to its location \"on the climb\" (an der steige) of a trade route over the Swabian Jura mountain range.", "Q427884": "Keziah Jones (born Olufemi Sanyaolu on 10 January 1968) is a Nigerian singer-songwriter and guitarist. He describes his musical style as \"Blufunk\", which is a fusion between raw blues elements and hard, edgy funk rhythms. Also his Nigerian roots in Yoruba music and soul music can be considered a major influence on his sound.\nHe is known for his distinctive style of guitar playing, including his percussive right-hand technique which is similar to a bass guitarist's slapping technique.", "Q1082574": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Schelinger (6 March 1951 \u2013 13 April 1981) was a Czech rock singer. He was born in a small village called Bousov, his father Josef (1921\u20131995) was a well known guitarist and guitar teacher and his mother Miloslava (1929\u20132007) worked as florist. He had a younger brother Milan Schelinger, who was also musician. His first band was called Nothing But Nothing and in later years he played in various other groups. His first full-length solo album B\u00e1je\u010dn\u00ed mu\u017ei was released in 1976. In 1981, after all night drinking with local musicians and artists after his concert, he accepted a bet to jump from a Star\u00fd most in Bratislava and never surfaced back. He was inducted into Beatov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0148 sl\u00e1vy in 2004.", "Q330609": "Abraham Serfaty (Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u200e\u200e; January 16, 1926 \u2013 18 November 2010) was an internationally prominent Moroccan dissident, militant, and political activist, who was imprisoned for years by King Hassan II of Morocco, for his political actions in favor of democracy, during the Years of Lead. He paid a high price for such actions: fifteen months living underground, seventeen years of imprisonment and eight years of exile. He returned to Morocco in September 1999.", "Q4671079": "Academia Nacional de Medicina is the Brazilian National Academy of Medicine, a body composed by the most august representatives of Brazilian medicine.\nThe Academy was founded during the First Empire (Dom Pedro I), on June 30, 1829, under the name of Sociedade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro. On May 8, 1835, it received the charter of the Imperial Regency to become the Imperial Academy of Medicine. Finally, after the declaration of the Republic, its name was changed to the present one, on November 21, 1889.\nThe first president was Joaquim C\u00e2ndido Soares de Meirelles. The current president (2005-2007 term) is Antonio Luiz de Medina.", "Q715656": "Michel Pharaon (Arabic: \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u200e), a Lebanese politician, and was Minister of Tourism in Lebanon. He was the Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs in the Fouad Siniora government. He is a member of the Lebanese Parliament. In the general election held in 2000, he won a seat from Beirut's first district. He ran on the list of late Rafik Hariri.", "Q1251780": "Douglas James Kershaw (born January 24, 1936) is an American fiddle player, singer and songwriter from Louisiana. Active since 1948, he began his career as part of the duo Rusty and Doug, along with his brother, Rusty Kershaw. He had an extensive solo career that included fifteen albums and singles that charted on the Hot Country Songs charts. He is also a member of the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame, being inducted in 2009.", "Q25246": "Lungtok Gyatso, shortened from Lobzang Tenpai Wangchuk Lungtok Gyatso (also spelled Lungtog Gyatso and Luntok Gyatso; 1 December 1805 \u2013 6 March 1815), was the 9th Dalai Lama of Tibet. He was the only Dalai Lama to die in childhood and was first of a string of four Dalai Lamas to die before reaching 22 years of age.", "Q336278": "Neil Francis Tennant (born 10 July 1954) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, music journalist and co-founder of the synthpop duo Pet Shop Boys, which he formed with Chris Lowe in 1981. He also was a journalist for Smash Hits, and was assistant editor for the magazine for a period in the mid-1980s.", "Q712139": "Porter Wayne Wagoner (August 12, 1927 \u2013 October 28, 2007) was an American country music singer known for his flashy Nudie and Manuel suits and blond pompadour.\nIn 1967, he introduced singer Dolly Parton on his television show, The Porter Wagoner Show. She became part of a well-known vocal duo with him throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s.\nKnown as Mr. Grand Ole Opry, Wagoner charted 81 singles from 1954 to 1983. He was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2002.", "Q277230": "98 Degrees (stylized as 98\u00b0) is an American pop and R&B vocal group consisting of four vocalists: The group's founding member Jeff Timmons, brothers Nick and Drew Lachey, and Justin Jeffre. The group was formed by Timmons in Los Angeles, California, although all of its members originate from Ohio.\nUnlike most boy bands, they formed independently and were later picked up by a record label, rather than being assembled by a label or a producer. They have sold over 10 million records worldwide and achieved eight top 40 singles in the U.S.The group reunited for a one-time performance at Mixtape Festival in Hershey, PA in August 2012. After the performance, the reunion expanded into a new album and a spot on \"The Package\" tour in 2013.", "Q82947": "Louis Kurihara (\u6817\u539f \u985e, Kurihara Rui, born 6 December 1994) is a Japanese fashion model, TV personality, and actor represented by the Ever Green Entertainment agency. He appears on Japanese TV, playing on his \"overly negative\" character, and debuted as a film actor in the 2013 film Zekky\u014d Gakky\u016b.", "Q530452": "Lisa Larsson (born 14 February 1967) is a Swedish classical soprano singer.\n\n", "Q93692": "\u00c9lisabeth Sophie Ch\u00e9ron (3 October 1648, Paris \u2013 3 September 1711, Paris) is remembered today primarily as a French painter, but she was a renaissance woman -\nacclaimed in her lifetime as a gifted poet, musician, artist, and academicienne.", "Q6738214": "Major League Productions is a record label from the United Kingdom based in Oxfordshire. It was founded in 1991 and operates in 100 different countries. As of 2013, it had 39 employees", "Q1703225": "Jonathan Kreisberg is an American jazz guitarist and composer known for combining timeless melodicism with forward\u2013thinking lines and textures. His compositions have been performed by his quartet on five continents.", "Q2926852": "Bruno Lafont (born 8 June 1956) is a French businessman. He served as the chief executive officer of Lafarge from 2006 to 2015, when it merged with Holcim to become LafargeHolcim. He served as the co-chairman of LafargeHolcim from 2015 to April 2017.\n\n", "Q558922": "Illinois State University (ISU) is a public university in Normal, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1857 as Illinois State Normal University, it is the oldest public university in Illinois. The university emphasizes teaching and is recognized as one of the top ten largest producers of teachers in the US according to the American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education. The university's athletic teams are members of the Missouri Valley Conference and the Missouri Valley Football Conference and are known as the \"Redbirds,\" in reference to the state bird, the cardinal.", "Q173950": "An art dealer is a person or company that buys and sells works of art. Art dealers' professional associations serve to set high standards for accreditation or membership and to support art exhibitions and shows.\n\n", "Q1948403": "Lalit Suri was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Uttar Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as an Independent politician.Being the Chairman of the Bharat Hotels chain now known as LaLiT, he was the single-largest hotel owner owning around 1600 rooms. His hotel chain encompasses seven hotels including the flagship InterContinental The Grand in Delhi along with other six Grand hotels in Mumbai, Goa, Bangalore, Srinagar, Udaipur and Khajuraho.\nHe died at the age of 59 on October 10, 2006, in London.", "Q1384803": "Samuel Thornton Durrance (Ph.D.) is an American scientist who flew aboard two NASA Space Shuttle missions as a payload specialist.", "Q58285": "Alexandru Averescu (Romanian pronunciation: [alek\u02c8sandru ave\u02c8resku] (listen); 9 March 1859 \u2013 2 October 1938) was a Romanian marshal and populist politician. A Romanian Armed Forces Commander during World War I, he served as Prime Minister of three separate cabinets (as well as being interim Foreign Minister in January\u2013March 1918 and Minister without portfolio in 1938). He first rose to prominence during the peasants' revolt of 1907, which he helped repress in violence. Credited with engineering the defense of Moldavia in the 1916\u20131917 Campaign, he built on his popularity to found and lead the successful People's Party, which he brought to power in 1920\u20131921, with backing from King Ferdinand I and the National Liberal Party (PNL), and with the notable participation of Constantin Argetoianu and Take Ionescu.\nHis controversial first mandate, marked by a political crisis and oscillating support from the PNL's leader Ion I. C. Br\u0103tianu, played a part in legislating land reform and repressed communist activities, before being brought down by the rally of opposition forces. His second term of 1926\u20131927 brought a much-debated treaty with Fascist Italy, and fell after Averescu gave clandestine backing to the ousted Prince Carol. Faced with the People Party's decline, Averescu closed deals with various right-wing forces and was instrumental in bringing Carol back to the throne in 1930. Relations between the two soured over the following years, and Averescu clashed with his fellow party member Octavian Goga over the king's attitudes. Shortly before his death, he and Carol reconciled, and Averescu joined the Crown Council.\nAverescu, who authored over 12 works on various military topics (including his memoirs from the frontline), was also an honorary member of the Romanian Academy and an Order of Michael the Brave recipient. He became a Marshal of Romania in 1930.", "Q4386612": "The Hacettepe University Ankara State Conservatory, the first conservatory to be founded in the Republic of Turkey, was established in 1936 by a directive of Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk.\nThe conservatory is part of Hacettepe University.", "Q4716948": "Alex Edelstein (born January 17, 1969) is a high-tech manager and reality television participant.", "Q27451": "Underground: The Tokyo Gas Attack and the Japanese Psyche (\u30a2\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30b0\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9, And\u0101guraundo, 1997\u20131998) is a book by Japanese novelist Haruki Murakami about the 1995 Aum Shinrikyo sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway. The book is made up of a series of interviews with individuals who were affected by the attacks, and the English translation also includes interviews with members of Aum, the religious cult responsible for the attacks. Murakami hoped that through these interviews, he could capture a side of the attacks which the sensationalist Japanese media had ignored\u2014the way it had affected average citizens. The interviews were conducted over nearly a year, starting in January 1996 and ending in December of that same year.\nThe interviews highlight many intriguing aspects of the Japanese psyche. Work was a high, if not central, priority for most of the interviewees. Isolation, individualism, and lack of communication were also strong themes which were common throughout many accounts of the attacks. Many of the interviewees expressed disillusionment with the materialism in Japanese society and the sensationalistic media, as well as the inefficiency of the emergency response system in dealing with the attack.\nThe book also includes Murakami's personal essay on the attacks, \"Blind Nightmare: Where Are We Japanese Going?\" In this essay, he criticizes the failure of the Japanese to learn from the attacks, preferring to dismiss it as the extreme act by a group of lunatics rather than analyze the true causes and prevent similar events from occurring in the future.\nBoth the Japanese original and the English translation were well-received, despite the former being criticized as being \"one-sided,\" and the latter being severely abridged.", "Q271641": "Isabel Gemio Cardoso (born January 5, 1961 in Alburquerque, Badajoz) is a Spanish journalist and radio and television presenter. She was married to a Cuban sculptor (Julio Nilo Manrique Rold\u00e1n) and has a biological son and an adopted son.She started in Radio Extremadura, and later in Radio Barcelona as Isabel Garb\u00ed. Her debut in television was in 1983 with the TVE quiz show Los Sabios.", "Q50801": "Hans Alexis von Biehler (June 16, 1818 \u2013 December 30, 1886) - was a Prussian general. He designed fortifications in many famous locations. Beginning in 1873, he saw fort construction in Cologne, Strasbourg, Pozna\u0144, Toru\u0144, K\u00f6nigsberg, Ingolstadt, Metz, Kostrzyn, Spandau, Ulm, Mainz and Magdeburg.\n\n", "Q69058": "Wittnau is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q7332181": "Ricardo \"Ricky\" Antonio Rossell\u00f3 Nevares (American Spanish: [ro\u02c8se\u029do]; born March 7, 1979) is a Puerto Rican politician, scientist, and businessman. From 2017 to 2019, Rossell\u00f3 served as governor of Puerto Rico. He resigned on August 2, 2019 after protests related to the Telegramgate scandal. He is the son of former governor of Puerto Rico and pediatric surgeon Pedro Rossell\u00f3.\nIn 2010, Rossell\u00f3 founded the political advocacy group Boricua \u00a1Ahora Es! to advocate for changing the current political status of Puerto Rico. Rossell\u00f3 supports Puerto Rican statehood. Following several years of political advocacy, Rossell\u00f3 announced that he would seek the nomination of the New Progressive Party (PNP in Spanish) for Governor of Puerto Rico in 2016. After winning the New Progressive Party primary, Rossell\u00f3 was elected Governor in the 2016 general election, defeating five other candidates.\nIn July 2019, Rossell\u00f3 faced widespread controversy after a group chat on the Telegram app between Rossell\u00f3 and his staff was made public. The chat included vulgar misogynistic and homophobic language, a discussion of the operation of Internet troll networks on social media, jokes about people who had died in Hurricane Maria, and an apparent death threat made by Rossell\u00f3 against Mayor of San Juan Carmen Yul\u00edn Cruz. As a result of the leak, protests were held for several consecutive days throughout Puerto Rico demanding Rossell\u00f3's resignation. An estimated 500,000 people took to Old San Juan on July 17, 2019, as part of the protests. After first stating that he intended to complete his term as governor, Rossell\u00f3 later promised to resign on August 2, which he did as promised.", "Q543494": "Lester Allan Pelton (September 5, 1829 \u2013 March 14, 1908) was an American inventor who contributed significantly to the development of hydroelectricity and hydropower in the American Old West as well as world-wide. In the late 1870s, he invented the Pelton water wheel, at that time the most efficient design of the impulse water turbine. Recognized as one of the fathers of hydroelectric power, he was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal during his lifetime and is an inductee of the National Inventors Hall of Fame.", "Q121780": "Michael Stephen Matheson (born 8 September 1970) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician serving as Cabinet Secretary for Transport, Infrastructure and Connectivity since 26 June 2018, having previously served as the Cabinet Secretary for Justice from 2014 to 2018. He has been a Member of the Scottish Parliament since 1999, first representing Central Scotland and, since 2007, the Falkirk West constituency.", "Q467250": "Horace Swaby (21 June 1954 \u2013 18 May 1999), known as Augustus Pablo, was a Jamaican roots reggae and dub record producer, melodica player and keyboardist, active from the 1970s until his death.\nHe popularised the use of the melodica (an instrument at that time primarily used in Jamaica to teach music to schoolchildren) in reggae music. His album King Tubbys Meets Rockers Uptown (1976) is often regarded as one of the most important examples of dub.", "Q525711": "Luigi Barzini Jr. (21 December 1908, Milan \u2013 30 March 1984, Rome) was an Italian journalist, writer and politician most famous for his 1964 book The Italians, delving deeply into the Italian national character and introducing many Anglo-Saxon readers to Italian life and culture.", "Q262173": "The Inbetweeners Movie is a 2011 British coming-of-age comedy film based on the E4 sitcom The Inbetweeners, written by series creators Damon Beesley and Iain Morris and directed by Ben Palmer. The film follows the misadventures of a group of teenage friends on holiday in Malia after the end of their final year at school together, and was intended as an ending to the TV series. It stars Simon Bird, Joe Thomas, James Buckley and Blake Harrison. The Inbetweeners Movie was released on 17 August 2011 in the UK and Ireland by Entertainment Film Distributors, to favourable reviews, although its later release in the United States was not as well received. It was a commercial success, setting the record for the biggest opening weekend for a comedy film in the UK. A sequel, The Inbetweeners 2, was released on 6 August 2014.", "Q563744": "Princess Anna of Bavaria (German: Anna-Natascha Prinzessin von Bayern) (n\u00e9e; Princess Anna-Natascha zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg; born 15 March 1978) is a German journalist and author. A member of the House of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg by birth, she became a member of the House of Wittelsbach in 2005 through her marriage to Prince Manuel of Bavaria.", "Q382093": "Theodoros Roussopoulos (Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2) (born 13 September 1963) is a Greek politician. He was Minister of State and Government Spokesman from 7 March 2004 until 23 October 2008, as well as one of Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis's closest aides. Theodoros Roussopoulos was born on 13 September 1963, in Kyparissia, Messenia.", "Q457393": "Dee Dee Sharp (born Dione LaRue, September 9, 1945, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States) is an American R&B singer, who began her career recording as a backing vocalist in 1961.", "Q234335": "Jane Jacobs (n\u00e9e Butzner; 4 May 1916 \u2013 25 April 2006) was an American-Canadian journalist, author, and activist who influenced urban studies, sociology, and economics. Her book The Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961) argued that \"urban renewal\"/\"slum clearance\" did not respect the needs of city-dwellers.Jacobs organized grassroots efforts to protect neighborhoods from \"urban renewal\"/\"slum clearance\", in particular Robert Moses' plans to overhaul her own Greenwich Village neighborhood. She was instrumental in the eventual cancellation of the Lower Manhattan Expressway, which would have passed directly through SoHo, Manhattan and Little Italy, Manhattan. She was arrested in 1968 for inciting a crowd at a public hearing on that project. After moving to Toronto in 1968, she joined the opposition to the Spadina Expressway and the associated network of expressways in Toronto planned, and under construction.As a mother and a writer who criticized experts in the male-dominated field of urban planning, Jacobs endured scorn from established figures. She was described as a housewife first. She did not have a college degree or any formal training in urban planning, and her lack of credentials was seized upon as grounds for criticism.", "Q107021": "Marco Wanderwitz (born 10 October 1975 in Karl-Marx-Stadt (now Chemnitz)), is a German politician (CDU). Since 2018, he has been serving as Parliamentary States Secretary in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel.\n\n", "Q744357": "Peter Paul Fix (March 13, 1901 \u2013 October 14, 1983) was an American film and television character actor who was best known for his work in Westerns. Fix appeared in more than a hundred movies and dozens of television shows over a 56-year career between 1925 and 1981. Fix was best known for portraying Marshal Micah Torrance, opposite Chuck Connors's character in The Rifleman from 1958 to 1963. He later appeared with Chuck Connors in the 1966 western film Ride Beyond Vengeance.\n\n", "Q264502": "Pelagia (Greek: \u03a0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1), distinguished as Pelagia of Antioch, Pelagia the Penitent, and Pelagia the Harlot, was a Christian saint and hermit in the 4th or 5th century. Her feast day was celebrated on 8 October, originally in common with Saints Pelagia the Virgin and Pelagia of Tarsus.", "Q108312": "Herbert Warnke (24 February 1902 \u2013 26 March 1975) was an East German trade unionist and politician who served as both Chairman of the Free German Trade Union Federation and a member of the Politburo of the Socialist Unity Party.", "Q274711": "Birte Fosheim Wienskol (20 March 1956 \u2013 7 June 2018), better known as Minken Fosheim, was a Norwegian actress and author, best known for her children's books about famous composers, and her role as Vigdis Reverud in the 1990s sitcom Karl & Co.", "Q73028": "Underclassman is a 2005 American action comedy film directed by Marcos Siega and starring Nick Cannon, Shawn Ashmore, Roselyn S\u00e1nchez, Kelly Hu, Hugh Bonneville, and Cheech Marin. It was released on September 2, 2005, had been originally set for a release in 2004.\n\n", "Q1767947": "Beyonc\u00e9: The Ultimate Performer is a live DVD by American singer Beyonc\u00e9. It was released on November 26, 2006 through Columbia Records and Music World Entertainment. The DVD features exclusive footage and concerts that were held in France, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. Following its re-release on August 31, 2010, Beyonc\u00e9: The Ultimate Performer peaked at number seventeen on the Spanish DVD Chart, thirteen on the Italian FIMI DVD Chart and twenty on the US Billboard Top Music Video chart.", "Q367779": "Elio Pagliarani (25 May 1927 \u2013 8 March 2012) was an Italian poet and literary critic, who belonged to the avant-garde Gruppo 63 movemement. He was born in Viserba, near Rimini.\nPagliarani graduated in Politics Science at Padua, and in the 1940s he moved to Milan where he worked as a journalist and as a teacher. In the 1960 he moved to Rome. In the 1950 he worked for L'Avanti! and, from 1968, as theatre critic for Paese Sera.\nHis most renowned work is the experimental poem \"La ragazza Carla\", published in 1960. Pagliarani's poems usually deal with realist themes, such as work, economics, and the lower classes.\nIn 1971 he founded the magazine Periodo Ipotetico, and later he also worked for Nuova Corrente. Starting in 1988 he was editor-in-chief of the poetry magazine VIDEOR. La ballata di Rudi won the Viareggio Prize for poetry in 1995. He died in Rome in 2012, aged 84.", "Q438754": "Debbie Wiseman, OBE (born 10 May 1963) is a British composer for film and television, known also as a conductor and a radio and television presenter.", "Q41924": "Koil is an Indonesian rock band, formed in Bandung, West Java in 1993 by singer J.A Verdiantoro (Otong), his brother, guitarist Donnijantoro (Doni), and their friends bassist/guitarist Ibrahim Nasution (Imo) and drummer Leon Ray Legoh (Leon).", "Q465447": "Andr\u00e9 Courr\u00e8ges (French: [and\u0281e ku\u0281\u025b\u0292]; 9 March 1923 \u2013 7 January 2016) was a French fashion designer. He was particularly known for his streamlined 1960s designs influenced by modernism and futurism, exploiting modern technology and new fabrics. Courr\u00e8ges defined the go-go boot and along with Mary Quant, is one of the designers credited with inventing the miniskirt.", "Q364270": "Karl Gustaf Patrik de Laval (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261\u0275\u0302s\u02d0tav d\u025b la\u02c8val\u02d0] (listen); 9 May 1845 \u2013 2 February 1913) was a Swedish engineer and inventor who made important contributions to the design of steam turbines and dairy machinery.\n\n", "Q260764": "Kaylani Lei (born August 5, 1980) is an American pornographic actress.", "Q5933": "Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the United Kingdom's most notable religious buildings and the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. The building itself was a Benedictine monastic church until the monastery was dissolved in 1539. Between 1540 and 1556, the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, the building is no longer an abbey or a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England \"Royal Peculiar\"\u2014a church responsible directly to the sovereign.\nAccording to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the seventh century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III.Since the coronation of William the Conqueror in 1066, all coronations of English and British monarchs have been in Westminster Abbey. There have been 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. As the burial site of more than 3,300 persons, usually of prominence in British history (including at least sixteen monarchs, eight Prime Ministers, poets laureate, actors, scientists, military leaders, and the Unknown Warrior), Westminster Abbey is sometimes described as 'Britain's Valhalla', after the iconic burial hall of Norse mythology.", "Q1514905": "John Gerrard McAvoy (born 19 December 1951) is a Northern Irish blues rock bass guitarist. He played with blues rock musician Rory Gallagher between 1970 and 1991, and then with Nine Below Zero until 2011.", "Q851419": "Turnov (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8turnof]; German: Turnau) is a town on the Jizera river in the northern Czech Republic. It has about 14,500 inhabitants and lies in the southern part of Liberec Region. It is a traditional center for gemstone polishing, glass craftsmanship and arts.\nTurnov lies in the heart of the Bohemian Paradise (\u010cesk\u00fd r\u00e1j) nature reserve which makes it a place for tourists and summer residents. The town is also an important traffic crossroads of three railways and the Prague\u2013Liberec highway. Turnov has a large museum (finalist in European museums competition), three galleries, six churches and a synagogue. The small old town of Middle Ages urbanism is surrounded by modern garden neighbourhoods and large parks representing an organic connection between urban areas and nature. The region is well known for many castles, ch\u00e2teaux and excellent rural architecture.", "Q4197943": "The Idiot (Russian: \u0418\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0442) is a costume drama TV series produced by Russia TV Channel in 2003, based on Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel of the same title.The series' script is very close to Dostoevsky's original text, and the series features well-known Russian actors. According to bonus materials included on the DVD, in order to improve authenticity, serious efforts were made to capture the spirit of the time, through proper way of speaking, and through very careful selection of costumes for the actors to wear.\nThe series was branded by the novel's original pre-1920s orthography title \"\u0438\u0434\u0456\u043e\u0442\u044a\" (in all caps) instead of the current \"\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0442\" as one will find it on the bookshelves in Russia (to promote the atmosphere of the tsarist time when the film's plot takes place). This branded title \"\u0418\u0414\u0406\u041e\u0422\u042a\" can be seen at the beginning of each part and on the cover of the DVD release.\nThe series consists of 10 parts each approximately 50 minutes.", "Q433601": "Alba Caterina Rohrwacher (Italian: [\u02c8alba ror\u02c8va\u02d0ker], German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281o\u02d0\u0250\u032f\u02ccvax\u0250]; born 27 February 1979) is an Italian actress.", "Q173978": "Slim Willet (Winston Lee Moore, December 1, 1919, Dublin, Texas \u2013 July 1, 1966) was an American disc jockey, musician, and songwriter.\nHe attended Hardin-Simmons University in Abilene and graduated in 1949 with a degree in journalism. He got a job as a country music deejay at Abilene radio station KRBC, where he worked until 1956. While there, he formed his own ensemble, the Hired Hands. Taking the stage name Slim Willet, he released his debut single in 1950 with \"Tool Pusher from Snyder\". The group appeared on the Big D Jamboree in Dallas on WFAA until 1954, as well as on Louisiana Hayride from 1951 to 1955. He released several hit singles during this time, among them \"Red Rose\", \"No Love Song to You\", and \"Don't Let the Stars Get in Your Eyes\", which became a major hit for both Perry Como and Skeets McDonald in 1952.\nLeaving his prior label, 4 Star, in 1954, he started his own label, Winston, and continued releasing solo material, in addition to working as a deejay at Abilene station KCAD, up until his death as a result of a heart attack in 1966, aged 46", "Q455584": "Juliano Mer-Khamis (Hebrew: \u05d2'\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d0\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e8 \u05d7'\u05de\u05d9\u05e1\u200e; Arabic: \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633\u200e; born Juliano Khamis; 29 May 1958 \u2013 4 April 2011) was an Israeli Jewish/Palestinian Arab actor, director, filmmaker, and political activist of Jewish and Palestinian Eastern Orthodox Christian parentage. On 4 April 2011, he was assassinated by a masked gunman in the Palestinian city of Jenin, where he had established The Freedom Theatre.", "Q391951": "The Protestant Church in the Netherlands (Dutch: de Protestantse Kerk in Nederland, abbreviated PKN) is the largest Protestant denomination in the Netherlands, being both Reformed (Calvinist) and Lutheran.\nIt was founded on 1 May 2004 as the merger of the vast majority of Dutch Reformed Church, the vast majority of the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The merger was the culmination of an organizational process started in 1961. Several orthodox Reformed and liberal churches did not merge into the new church.\nThe Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PKN) forms the country's second largest Christian denomination after the Roman Catholic Church, with approximately 1.6 million members as per the church official statistics or some 9.1% of the population in 2016. It is the traditional faith of the Dutch Royal Family \u2013 a remnant of historical dominance of the Dutch Reformed Church, the main predecessor of the Protestant Church.", "Q93862": "Ferdinando Petruccelli della Gattina (August 28, 1815 - March 29, 1890) was an Italian journalist, patriot and politician.\nConsidered one of the greatest journalists of the 19th century and a pioneer of modern journalism, he is mostly remembered for his war correspondence. He wrote for many Italian papers and contributed to the press in France, Great Britain and Belgium. He was also a prolific novelist, mainly focused on religious themes.", "Q66343": "Jakob Georg Christian Adler (8 December 1756 in Arnis near Kappeln, Schleswig \u2013 22 August 1834 in Giekau near L\u00fctjenburg) was a German Generalsuperintendent for Holstein and Schleswig, Orientalist, Syriac language professor at the University of Copenhagen, Lutheran theologian, Oberkonsistorialrat, book writer, religious educator, coin collector and head of the Schleswig-Holsteinische Bibelgesellschaft.", "Q276106": "Lynda Bellingham, OBE (31 May 1948 \u2013 19 October 2014) was an English actress, broadcaster and author perhaps best known for her appearances as the mother in the long-running series of \"Oxo Family\" British TV advertisements between 1983 and 1999. She is also known for her roles in the drama series All Creatures Great and Small,Doctor Who , Second Thoughts and Faith in the Future. She was a panellist on the ITV lunchtime chat show Loose Women between 2007 and 2011.", "Q1910640": "Matti Rantanen (born February 20, 1952) is a Finnish accordionist.\nRantanen won the Finnish Youth Accordion Championship four successive times from 1964 to 1967, national championship in 1968, the Scandinavian championship in 1969 and 1970, and was third in the world championship in 1970.", "Q66425": "Cormoret is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains.", "Q386593": "Patrick Huard (born January 2, 1969) is a Quebec-born Canadian actor, writer and comedian.", "Q282087": "Vieni avanti cretino (Come forward, idiot) is a 1982 Italian comedy film directed by Luciano Salce.It had a great commercial success, grossing over 3 billion lire at the Italian box office.\n\n", "Q227349": "Zsolt Hars\u00e1nyi (27 January 1887 \u2013 29 November 1943), also known as Zsolt von Harsanyi or Zsolt de Harsanyi, was a prolific and renowned Hungarian author, dramatist, translator, and writer. \nBorn in Korompa, Upper Hungary (modern day Slovakia; Krompachy in Slovakian), Hars\u00e1nyi descended from a long line of Hungarian writers. At seventeen years of age, he received a student award from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. \nHis long career produced hundreds of dramatic and literary works, including short and full-length plays, musical comedies, and historical fiction novels.", "Q1494877": "Gary Alan Hebl (born May 15, 1951) is a Democratic Party member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 46th Assembly District since 2005.\nBorn in Madison, Wisconsin, Hebl received his bachelor's degree from University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison and his law degree from Gonzaga University School of Law. He practiced law and owned an insurance business.", "Q3428891": "Johan Gerhard Theodor Ameln (12 March 1838 \u2013 19 June 1917) was a Norwegian merchant and politician.\nAmeln was born at Bergen in Hordaland, Norway. \tHe was the son of Christian Gerhard Ameln (1809-1872) and Laura Therese Pauline (Wennberg) Ameln (1817-1888). He was from a merchant family and was an uncle of Henrik Ameln and Haakon Ameln. He worked as a merchant and shipowner. He was the mayor of Bergen and was the chairman of the Bergen Chamber of Commerce.He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1889 representing the constituency of Bergen.", "Q69716": "\u00c9cublens is a municipality in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Ouest Lausannois. It is a suburb of Lausanne and is served by the Lausanne metro line 1 and several bus lines. The nearest train station is Renens.", "Q48900": "Ludovico Ariosto (, also US: , Italian: [ludo\u02c8vi\u02d0ko a\u02c8rj\u0254sto, - ari\u02c8\u0254sto]; 8 September 1474 \u2013 6 July 1533) was an Italian poet. He is best known as the author of the romance epic Orlando Furioso (1516). The poem, a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato, describes the adventures of Charlemagne, Orlando, and the Franks as they battle against the Saracens with diversions into many sideplots. Ariosto composed the poem in the ottava rima rhyme scheme and introduced narrative commentary throughout the work.\nAriosto also coined the term \"humanism\" (in Italian, umanesimo) for choosing to focus upon the strengths and potential of humanity, rather than only upon its role as subordinate to God. This led to Renaissance humanism.", "Q3573659": "Yves Galland (born 8 March 1941 in Paris), is a French politician and entrepreneur.\n\n", "Q806227": "Band of Susans was an American alternative rock band formed in New York City in 1986 and active until 1996. It originally consisted of Robert Poss (guitar/vocals), Susan Stenger (bass/vocals), Ron Spitzer (drums), with Susan Lyall (guitar), Susan Tallman (guitar), and Alva Rogers (vocals). The band would undergo several permutations over the years, usually involving three guitarists. Poss, Stenger, and Spitzer were the band's core members throughout its duration. They originated in the New York noise rock scene, but due to their layered guitar sound were sometimes seen as the American counterparts to the UK shoegazing bands and also drew influence from modern experimental composers Rhys Chatham and Glenn Branca.", "Q3431318": "Richard Warren Sears (December 7, 1863 \u2013 September 28, 1914) was an American manager, businessman and the founder of Sears, Roebuck and Company with his partner Alvah Curtis Roebuck.", "Q266473": "Una Merkel (December 10, 1903 \u2013 January 2, 1986) was an American stage, film, radio, and television actress.\nMerkel was born in Kentucky and acted on stage in New York in the 1920s. She went to Hollywood in 1930 and became a popular film actress. Two of her best-known performances are in the films 42nd Street and Destry Rides Again. She won a Tony Award in 1956 and was nominated for an Oscar in 1961.", "Q270211": "The 8th arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille, France.\n\n", "Q750444": "Stockholm Palace or the Royal Palace (Swedish: Stockholms slott or Kungliga slottet) is the official residence and major royal palace of the Swedish monarch (the actual residence of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia is at Drottningholm Palace). Stockholm Palace is located on Stadsholmen, in Gamla stan in the capital, Stockholm. It neighbours the Riksdag building. The offices of the King, the other members of the Swedish Royal Family, and the offices of the Royal Court of Sweden are located here. The palace is used for representative purposes by the King whilst performing his duties as the head of state.\nThis royal residence has been in the same location by Norrstr\u00f6m in the northern part of Gamla stan in Stockholm since the middle of the 13th century when the Tre Kronor Castle was built. In modern times the name relates to the building called Kungliga Slottet. The palace was designed by Nicodemus Tessin the Younger and erected on the same place as the medieval Tre Kronor Castle which was destroyed in a fire on 7 May 1697. Due to the costly Great Northern War which started in 1700, construction of the palace was halted in 1709, and not recommenced until 1727\u2014six years after the end of the war. When Tessin the Younger died in 1728, the palace was completed by Carl H\u00e5rleman who also designed a large part of its Rococo interior. The palace was not ready to use until 1754, when King Adolf Frederick and Queen Louisa Ulrika moved in, but some interior work proceeded until the 1770s. No major conversions have been done in the palace since its completion, only some adjustments, new interiors, modernization and redecorating for different regents and their families, coloration of the facades and addition of the palace museums. The palace is surrounded by the Lejonbacken and the Norrbro to the north, the Log\u00e5rden (known as the Shot Yard in English) and Skeppsbron in the east, the Slottsbacken and the Storkyrkan in the south, and the outer courtyard and H\u00f6gvaktsterrassen in the northwest.\nAs of 2009 the interior of the palace consists of 1,430 rooms of which 660 have windows. The palace contains apartments for the Royal families, representation and festivities such as the State Apartments, the Guest Apartments and the Bernadotte Apartments. More features are the Hall of State, the Royal Chapel, the Treasury with the Regalia of Sweden, Livrustkammaren and the Tre Kronor Museum located in the remaining cellar vaults from the former castle. The National Library of Sweden was housed in the northeast wing, the Biblioteksflygeln (the Library Wing), until 1878. As of 2014 it houses the Bernadotte Library. The Slottsarkivet is housed in the Chancery Wing. In the palace are the offices of the Royal Court of Sweden, a place of work for approximately 200 employees. The Royal Guards have guarded the palace and the Royal Family since 1523. A comprehensive renovation of the facade began in 2011, to repair weather damaged parts made from sandstone. The repairs are estimated to cost approximately 500 million crowns (about US$77 million) over a period of 22 years.\nThe Royal Palace is owned by the Swedish State through the National Property Board of Sweden which is responsible for running and maintaining the palace, while the St\u00e5th\u00e5llar\u00e4mbetet (the Office of the Governor of the Royal Palaces) manages the royal right of disposition of the palace.", "Q312480": "Leonid Iovich Gaidai (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434 \u0418\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u0439; 30 January 1923, Svobodny, Amur Oblast \u2013 19 November 1993, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian comedy film director who enjoyed immense popularity and broad public recognition in the former Soviet Union. His films broke theatre attendance records and are still some of the top-selling DVDs in Russia. He has been described as \"the king of Soviet comedy\".", "Q740657": "Sir Leslie Stephen (28 November 1832 \u2013 22 February 1904) was an English author, critic, historian, biographer, and mountaineer, and father of Virginia Woolf and Vanessa Bell.", "Q39121": "Leeds is the largest city in the county of West Yorkshire in Northern England, approximately 170 miles (270 km) north of central London. Leeds has one of the most diverse economies of all the UK's main employment centres and has seen the fastest rate of private-sector jobs growth of any UK city. It also has the highest ratio of private to public sector jobs of all the UK's Core Cities, with 77% of its workforce working in the private sector. Leeds has the third-largest jobs total by local authority area, with 480,000 in employment and self-employment at the beginning of 2015. Leeds is ranked as a High Sufficiency level city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area. Leeds is served by five universities, it has the UK's fourth largest student population and the country's fourth largest urban economy.Leeds was a small manorial borough in the 13th century, and in the 17th and 18th centuries it became a major centre for the production and trading of wool, and in the Industrial Revolution a major mill town; wool was still the dominant industry, but flax, engineering, iron foundries, printing, and other industries were also important. From being a market town in the valley of the River Aire in the 16th century, Leeds expanded and absorbed the surrounding villages to become a populous urban centre by the mid-20th century. It now lies within the West Yorkshire Urban Area, the United Kingdom's fourth-most populous urban area, with a population of 2.6 million.Today, Leeds has become the largest legal and financial centre outside London with the financial and insurance services industry worth \u00a313 billion to the city's economy. The finance and business service sector account for 38% of total output with more than 30 national and international banks located in the city, including an office of the Bank of England. Leeds is also the UK's third-largest manufacturing centre with around 1,800 firms and 39,000 employees; Leeds manufacturing firms account for 8.8% of total employment in the city and is worth over \u00a37 billion to the local economy. The largest sub-sectors are engineering, printing and publishing, food and drink, chemicals and medical technology. Other key sectors include retail, leisure and the visitor economy, construction, and the creative and digital industries. The city saw several firsts, including the oldest-surviving film in existence, Roundhay Garden Scene (1888), and the 1767 invention of soda water.Public transport, rail and road communications networks in the region are focused on Leeds; the second phase of High Speed 2 will connect it to London via East Midlands Hub and Sheffield Meadowhall. Leeds currently has the third busiest railway station and the tenth busiest airport outside London.\n\n", "Q8071861": "Zika fever, also known as Zika virus disease or simply Zika, is an infectious disease caused by the Zika virus. Most cases have no symptoms, but when present they are usually mild and can resemble dengue fever. Symptoms may include fever, red eyes, joint pain, headache, and a maculopapular rash. Symptoms generally last less than seven days. It has not caused any reported deaths during the initial infection. Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other brain malformations in some babies. Infections in adults have been linked to Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS).Zika fever is mainly spread via the bite of mosquitoes of the Aedes type. It can also be sexually transmitted and potentially spread by blood transfusions. Infections in pregnant women can spread to the baby. Diagnosis is by testing the blood, urine, or saliva for the presence of the virus's RNA when the person is sick, or the blood for antibodies after symptoms are present more than a week.Prevention involves decreasing mosquito bites in areas where the disease occurs and proper use of condoms. Efforts to prevent bites include the use of insect repellent, covering much of the body with clothing, mosquito nets, and getting rid of standing water where mosquitoes reproduce. There is no effective vaccine. Health officials recommended that women in areas affected by the 2015\u201316 Zika outbreak consider putting off pregnancy and that pregnant women not travel to these areas. While there is no specific treatment, paracetamol (acetaminophen) may help with the symptoms. Admission to hospital is rarely necessary.The virus that causes the disease was first isolated in Africa in 1947. The first documented outbreak among people occurred in 2007 in the Federated States of Micronesia. An outbreak started in Brazil in 2015, and spread to the Americas, Pacific, Asia, and Africa. This led to the World Health Organization declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in February 2016. The emergency was lifted in November 2016, but 84 countries still reported cases as of March 2017. The last proven case of Zika spread in the Continental United States was in 2017.", "Q68408": "Goldingen is a former municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Goldingen and St. Gallenkappel merged into the municipality of Eschenbach.", "Q174971": "Prince It\u014d Hirobumi (\u4f0a\u85e4 \u535a\u6587, 16 October 1841 \u2013 26 October 1909, born Hayashi Risuke and also known as Hirofumi, Hakubun and briefly during his youth as It\u014d Shunsuke) was a Japanese politician, Prime Minister and preeminent member of the Meiji oligarchy. A London-educated samurai of the Ch\u014dsh\u016b Domain and leader of the early Meiji Restoration government, he chaired the bureau which drafted the Meiji Constitution in the 1880s. Looking to the West for inspiration, It\u014d rejected the United States Constitution as too liberal and the Spanish Restoration as too despotic. He instead drew on British and German models, particularly the Prussian Constitution of 1850. Dissatisfied with the prominent role of Christianity in European legal traditions, he substituted references to the more traditionally Japanese concept of kokutai or \"national polity\", which became the constitutional justification for imperial authority.\nIn 1885, he became Japan's first Prime Minister, an office his constitutional bureau had introduced. He went on to hold the position four times, becoming one of the longest serving PMs in Japanese history, and wielded considerable power even out of office as a member of Japan's genr\u014d and occasional President of the Emperor's Privy Council. A monarchist, It\u014d favoured a large, bureaucratic government and opposed the formation of political parties. His third term in government was ended by the consolidation of the opposition into the Kenseit\u014d party in 1898, prompting him to found the Rikken Seiy\u016bkai party in response. He resigned his fourth and final ministry in 1901 after growing weary of party politics. \nIt\u014d's foreign policy was ambitious. He strengthened diplomatic ties with Western powers including Germany, the United States and especially the United Kingdom. In Asia he oversaw the First Sino-Japanese War and negotiated Chinese surrender on terms aggressively favourable to Japan, including the annexation of Taiwan and the release of Korea from the Chinese Imperial tribute system. It\u014d sought to avoid a Russo-Japanese War through the policy of Man-Kan k\u014dkan \u2013 surrendering Manchuria to the Russian sphere of influence in exchange for the acceptance of Japanese hegemony in Korea. A diplomatic tour of the United States and Europe brought him to Saint Petersburg in November 1901, where he was unable to find compromise on this matter with Russian authorities. Soon the government of Katsura Tar\u014d elected to abandon the pursuit of Man-Kan k\u014dkan, and tensions with Russia continued to escalate towards war.\nThe Japan\u2013Korea Treaty of 1905 made It\u014d the first Japanese Resident-General of Korea. He initially supported the sovereignty of the indigenous Joseon monarchy as a Protectorate under Japan, but he eventually accepted and agreed with the increasingly powerful Imperial Japanese Army, which favoured the total annexation of Korea, resigning his position as Resident-General and taking a new position as the President of the Privy Council of Japan in 1909. Four months later, It\u014d was assassinated by Korean-independence activist and nationalist An Jung-geun in Manchuria. The annexation process was formalised by another treaty the following year after Ito's death. Through his daughter Ikuko, It\u014d was the father-in-law of politician, intellectual and author Suematsu Kench\u014d.", "Q229364": "Naya Marie Rivera (born January 12, 1987) is an American actress and singer. She began her career as a child actress and model, appearing in national television commercials before landing the role of Hillary Winston on the short-lived CBS sitcom The Royal Family at the age of 4 (1991\u20131992), for which she received a nomination for a Young Artist Award. After a series of recurring television roles and guest spots as a teenager, Rivera received her breakthrough role as an adult as Santana Lopez on the Fox television series Glee (2009\u20132015), for which she received nominations for numerous accolades. She was signed to Columbia Records as a solo artist in 2011 and released a single in 2013, \"Sorry\", featuring rapper Big Sean.\nRivera made her feature film debut as Vera in the horror film At the Devil's Door (2014), and recurred as Blanca on the third season of the Lifetime television series Devious Maids in 2015. In 2016, she published a memoir with TarcherPerigee, Sorry Not Sorry: Dreams, Mistakes, and Growing Up.", "Q712677": "Henry William Frederick Saggs (2 December 1920 \u2013 31 August 2005) was an English classicist and orientalist.", "Q118667": "Jean-Ren\u00e9 Germanier (born 12 December 1958) is a Swiss politician. He was first elected to the National Council for the canton of Valais. He was subsequently elected President of the National Council in 2010.Germanier is an oenologist and winemaker. He lives in V\u00e9troz and is father of a child. In the Swiss army, he held the rank of corporal.\n\n", "Q451084": "Bryan David \"Butch\" Vig (born August 2, 1955), nicknamed the Nevermind Man, is an American musician, songwriter, and record producer, best known as the drummer and co-producer of the alternative rock band Garbage and the producer of diamond-selling album Nevermind by Nirvana.A native of Wisconsin, Vig had been based in Madison for much of his career, from studying at the University of Wisconsin, to performing in local bands Spooner and Fire Town, and then to setting up his own recording studio, Smart Studios, with bandmate Steve Marker in the town. After becoming well known as a producer, he formed and played drums with Garbage, who sold 17 million records over a ten-year period. Vig returned to producing full-time when Garbage went on hiatus in 2005. The band reconvened in 2010 to record material for their fifth album.\nIn 2012, Vig ranked number nine in NME's Top 50 Greatest Producers Ever.", "Q64232": "Villmergen is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.\nTwo famous battles took place at Villmergen.\nIn 2010 Hilfikon merged into Villmergen.", "Q4773652": "Anthony Woodward Ivins (September 16, 1852 \u2013 September 23, 1934) was an apostle of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and was a member of the church's First Presidency from 1921 until his death.", "Q100028": "J\u00f6rg Hube (22 November 1943 \u2013 19 June 2009) was a German actor and director. He died of cancer.", "Q25508": "Love on the Ground (French: L'Amour par terre) is a 1984 French film directed by Jacques Rivette. The film stars Jane Birkin, Geraldine Chaplin, Andr\u00e9 Dussollier and Jean-Pierre Kalfon. It was released in France on 17 October 1984.", "Q992446": "William Herman Potstock (Wilhelm Hermann), (1872\u20131941) was a German American musician and composer. His best known work \u201cSouvenir De Sarasate \u201d combines different techniques (left-hand pizzicato and double stops) and is a popular virtuoso piece with", "Q2972595": "Errancis Cemetery or Cimeti\u00e8re des Errancis is a former cemetery in the 8th arrondissement of Paris and was one of the four cemeteries (the others being Madeleine Cemetery, Picpus Cemetery and the Cemetery of Saint Margaret) used to dispose of the corpses of guillotine victims during the French Revolution.", "Q1806036": "Larry Campbell (born February 21, 1955, New York City) is an American multi-instrumentalist, who plays many stringed instruments (including guitar, mandolin, pedal steel guitar, slide guitar, and violin) in genres including country, folk, blues, and rock. He is perhaps most widely known for his time as part of Bob Dylan's Never Ending Tour band from 1997 to 2004.\nCampbell also has extensive experience as a studio musician. Over the past years, Larry has recorded with such artists as Levon Helm, Judy Collins, Lucy Kaplansky, Richard Shindell, Linda Thompson, Sheryl Crow, Chris Castle, Paul Simon, B. B. King, Willie Nelson, Eric Andersen, Buddy and Julie Miller, Kinky Friedman, Little Feat, Hot Tuna, Cyndi Lauper, k.d. lang, Anastasia Barzee, Rosanne Cash and Ay\u1ecd, among others.", "Q52958": "Oscar Robert Themptander (14 February 1844 \u2013 30 January 1897) was a Swedish politician and public official who was Prime Minister of Sweden from 1884 to 1888 during the reign of King Oscar II, and Governor of Stockholm County from 1888 to 1896. He was also Minister for Finance.\nAt the age of 40 years and 92 days, Themptander is the youngest person to become Prime Minister in Swedish history. His death at the age of 52 years and 351 days makes him also the youngest prime minister at his death.", "Q74021": "Ivan Ku\u0161an (30 August 1933 \u2013 20 November 2012) was a Croatian writer.\nKu\u0161an was born in Sarajevo, Kingdom of Yugoslavia to the family of Jak\u0161a Ku\u0161an, a bookstore owner. The family moved to Zagreb in 1939. At the age of ten Ivan discovered his writing talent and wrote his first novel. \nLater, Ku\u0161an discovered a taste for world travel and visual arts. In the 1950s he worked on Radio Zagreb. From 1980 to 1994 he taught at the Drama Arts Academy of University of Zagreb.\nHe published his first book in 1956. His specialty became children's novels, and some of them, like La\u017ee\u0161, Melita and Koko u Parizu, became very popular. In the later stages of his writing career, Ku\u0161an found a taste for erotic fiction. He also wrote a novel about famous outlaw Jovo Stanisavljevi\u0107 \u010caruga, later adapted into 1991 motion picture.", "Q99397": "Friedrich Gustav Adolf Eduard Ludwig Schmidt-Ott (until 1920 his surname was Schmidt) (4 June 1860, in Potsdam \u2013 28 April 1956, in Berlin) was a German lawyer, scientific organizer, and science policymaker. He was the Prussian Minister of Culture, president of the Emergency Association of German Science, on the advisory boards of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society and its institutes, and chairman of the Donor Federation of the Emergency Association of German Science.", "Q214783": "Roberto Alfonso Farrell (6 October 1949 \u2013 30 December 2010), known professionally as Bobby Farrell, was a Dutch dancer, performing artist and singer from Aruba, best known as the male member of the successful 1970s pop and disco group Boney M.", "Q1122926": "The University of Lisbon (ULisboa; Portuguese: Universidade de Lisboa, pronounced [univ\u0268\u027esi\u02c8\u00f0ad(\u0268) d\u0268 li\u0292\u02c8bo.\u0250]) is a public research university in Lisbon, and the largest university in Portugal. It was founded in 2013, from the merger of two previous public universities located in Lisbon, the former University of Lisbon (1911\u20132013) and the Technical University of Lisbon (1930\u20132013). The history of a university in Lisbon dates back to the 13th century.", "Q573231": "Joseph Houston Boardman (December 23, 1948 \u2013 March 7, 2019) was an American transportation executive who served as President and CEO of Amtrak from 2008 to 2016. Boardman was the longest-serving Commissioner of the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) from July 1997 until resigning to head the FRA. Before taking over Amtrak, Boardman had been the Administrator of the United States Federal Railroad Administration. Boardman became the second-longest serving head of Amtrak, after W. Graham Claytor, Jr. in the 1980s. Railway Age magazine named Boardman as its 51st \"Railroader of the Year\" in its January 9, 2014, issue.", "Q111125": "Peter Frankenberg (born 1947 in Bad Honnef, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) is a German researcher, professor and politician (CDU). Prof. Dr. Peter Frankenberg was Minister of Science, Research and the Arts of the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg (Ministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) from 2001 to 2011. Previously he was chaired professor and President (rector) at the University of Mannheim from 1994 until 2001.\n\n", "Q234453": "Hollywood is a city in Broward County, Florida, between Fort Lauderdale and Miami. The average temperature is between 68 and 83 \u00b0F (20 and 28 \u00b0C). As of July 1, 2018, Hollywood had a population of 154,823. Founded in 1925, the city grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s, and is now the twelfth-largest city in Florida. Hollywood is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people at the 2015 census.", "Q649667": "Daniel Keenan Savage (born October 7, 1964) is an American author, media pundit, journalist, and LGBT community activist. He writes Savage Love, an internationally syndicated relationship and sex advice column. In 2010, Savage and his husband, Terry Miller, began the It Gets Better Project to help prevent suicide among LGBT youth. He has also worked as a theater director, sometimes credited as Keenan Hollahan.\nBorn in Chicago to Roman Catholic parents, Savage attended the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign where he received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in acting. He lived in West Berlin briefly from 1988 to 1990, and later moved to Madison, Wisconsin, where he befriended Tim Keck, co-founder of The Onion. When Keck moved to Seattle, Washington, Savage moved as well to become an advice columnist for The Stranger, which Keck founded; he had offered Savage the position after Savage wrote a sample column which impressed him. Savage has since become a sex columnist and a vocal proponent of LGBT rights in the United States, voicing his advocacy through his column, Savage Love, and a podcast version of his column, the Savage Lovecast. In 2001, Savage and his readership coined the term 'pegging' to describe a woman anally penetrating a man with a strap-on dildo.Outside of his writings and podcasts, Savage has advocated for progressive politics and advancing the rights of LGBT youth to prevent suicide in the community. He has opposed laws restricting pornography and the sale of sex toys, and founded the It Gets Better Project with his husband Terry Miller, whom he married in 2005. Savage has been featured on numerous television programs and news outlets, including Countdown with Keith Olbermann and Anderson Cooper 360. He supported the concept of the Iraq War in 2002 but changed his stance following the invasion.\nSavage has attracted controversy over his comments and actions related to LGBT issues. He coined the term \"santorum\" to define a by-product of sex after former senator Rick Santorum made anti-LGBT comments in 2003, and condemned The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for its support of California Proposition 8, which banned same-sex marriage in California. His activism and public speaking has brought praise from celebrities and politicians, including former president Barack Obama.", "Q72450": "Shall We Dance? is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Peter Chelsom and starring Richard Gere, Jennifer Lopez, and Susan Sarandon. It is a remake of the 1996 Japanese film of the same name.", "Q204590": "Christian Michael Leonard Slater (born August 18, 1969) is an American actor, voice actor, and producer. He made his film debut with a leading role in The Legend of Billie Jean (1985) and gained wider recognition for his breakthrough role as Jason \"J.D.\" Dean, a sociopathic high school student, in the satire Heathers (1988). He has received critical acclaim for his title-role in the USA Network television series Mr. Robot (2015\u20132019), for which he earned the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Series, Miniseries or Television Film in 2016, with additional nominations in 2017 and 2018.\nBorn in New York City to a theatrical family, Slater made his television debut at the age of eight on the ABC soap opera One Life to Live. He attended the Dalton School, the Professional Children's School, and the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts. In the 1990s, Slater starred in a number of big-budget films, including Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991), Interview with the Vampire (1994), Broken Arrow (1996), and Hard Rain (1998) as well as cult films like Pump Up the Volume (1990) and True Romance (1993). His other notable films include roles in 3000 Miles to Graceland (2001), Windtalkers (2002), Alone in the Dark (2005), Bobby (2006), Nymphomaniac (2013), King Cobra (2016), The Wife (2017), and The Public (2018). Combined with his film roles, Slater has also starred in television shows such as My Own Worst Enemy (2008), Breaking In (2011-2012) and Mind Games (2012).\nIn addition to his live-action roles, Slater has had an extensive voice-acting career, with roles in FernGully: The Last Rainforest (1992), The Ten Commandments (2007), Igor (2008), and Mune: Guardian of the Moon (2017). He narrated the second season of Prehistoric Planet (2002-2003) and the Discovery Channel documentary miniseries Dinosaur Planet (2003), and voiced the character Slater in Archer (2014-2016), and Ushari in The Lion Guard (2016-2019). He has also been the voice of Floyd Lawton / Deadshot in the DC Animated Movie Universe since 2017.", "Q337628": "Pyotr Lavrovich Lavrov (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u041b\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0430\u0432\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432; alias Mirtov (\u041c\u0438\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432); (June 2 (June 14 N.S.), 1823 \u2013 January 25 (February 6 N.S.), 1900) was a prominent Russian theorist of narodism, philosopher, publicist, revolutionary and sociologist.\nHe entered a military academy and graduated in 1842 as an army officer. He became well-versed in natural science, history, logic, philosophy, and psychology. He was also an instructor in mathematics for two decades.\nLavrov joined the revolutionary movement as a radical in 1862. His actions led to his being exiled to the Ural Mountains in 1868 from which he soon escaped and fled abroad. In France, he lived mostly in Paris, where he became a member of the Anthropological Society. Lavrov had been attracted to European socialist ideas early on, though at first he did not know how they applied to Russia. While he was in Paris, Lavrov fully committed himself to the revolutionary socialist movement. He became a member of the Ternes section of the International Workingmen's Association in 1870. He was also present at the start of the Paris Commune, and soon went abroad to generate international support.\nLavrov arrived in Z\u00fcrich in November 1872, and became a rival of Mikhail Bakunin's in the \"Russian Colony\". In Z\u00fcrich he lived in the Frauenfeld house near the university. Lavrov tended more toward reform than revolution, or at least saw reform as salutary. He preached against the conspiratorial ideology of Peter Tkachev and others like him. Lavrov believed that while a coup d'\u00e9tat would be easy in Russia, the creation of a socialist society needed to involve the Russian masses. He founded the journal Forward! in 1872, its first issue appearing in August 1873. Lavrov used this journal to publicize his analysis of Russia's peculiar historical development.\nLavrov was a prolific writer for more than 40 years. His works include The Hegelian Philosophy (1858\u201359) and Studies in the Problems of Practical Philosophy (1860). While living in exile, he edited his Socialist review, Forward!. A contribution to the revolutionary cause, Historical Letters (1870) was written under the pseudonym Mirtov. The letters greatly influenced the revolutionary activity in Russia. He was called \"Peter Lawroff\" in Die Neue Zeit (1899\u20131900) by K. Tarassoff.\n\n", "Q704015": "Konstantin Aleksandrovich Fedin (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0435\u0301\u0434\u0438\u043d, IPA: [k\u0259nst\u0250n\u02b2\u02c8t\u02b2in \u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8f\u02b2ed\u02b2\u026an] (listen); 24 February [O.S. 12 February] 1892 \u2013 15 July 1977) was a Russian novelist and literary functionary.", "Q7842": "The University of Tokyo (\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u5b66, T\u014dky\u014d daigaku), abbreviated as Todai (\u6771\u5927, T\u014ddai) or UTokyo, is a public research university located in Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1877 as the first imperial university, it is one of Japan's most prestigious universities.\nThe university has 10 faculties, 15 graduate schools and enrolls about 30,000 students, 2,100 of whom are international students. Its five campuses are in Hong\u014d, Komaba, Kashiwa, Shirokane and Nakano. It is among the top echelon of the select Japanese universities assigned additional funding under the MEXT's Top Global University Project to enhance Japan's global educational competitiveness.As of 2018, University of Tokyo's alumni, faculty members and researchers include seventeen prime ministers, sixteen Nobel Prize laureates, three Pritzker Prize laureates, three astronauts, and a Fields Medalist.", "Q64226": "Almens (Romansh: Almen) is a former municipality in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged to form the new municipality of Domleschg.", "Q137690": "Theodore Skoutariotes (Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2) was a Byzantine cleric and official during the reign of Michael VIII Palaiologos (r. 1259\u20131282).\nSkoutariotes was born ca. 1230. As a deacon, he served as epi ton deeseon (receiver of petitions) and was named as dikaiophylax in 1270. He served as Michael VIII's ambassador to the Pope in 1277, and was metropolitan bishop of Kyzikos from 1277 until he was deposed in 1282.\nThe German historian A. Heisenberg identified Skoutariotes with the anonymous author of a chronicle preserved in the Marcian Library in Venice (Marc. gr. 407), which begins with the Creation and reaches to 1261. The chronicle is particularly valuable for its additions to the narrative of George Akropolites, which are of great importance for the history of 13th-century Byzantium.", "Q3085338": "Fran\u00e7ois Maspero (19 January 1932, Paris \u2013 11 April 2015, Paris) was a French author and journalist, best known as a publisher of leftist books in the 1970s. He has also worked as a translator, translating the works of Joseph Conrad and John Reed, author of Ten Days that Shook the World, among others. He was awarded the Prix D\u00e9cembre in 1990 for Les Passagers du Roissy-Express.", "Q107753": "Horst Sachtleben (born 24 September 1930) is a German actor and director. Born in Berlin where he also studied theory of drama, Germanic philology and history of art.", "Q116886": "Ulrich Giezendanner (born October 31, 1953 in Rothrist, Canton Aargau) is a Swiss transport entrepreneur and politician (SVP).\n\n", "Q441283": "Austin Nichols (born April 24, 1980) is an American actor and director, known for his role as Julian Baker in The CW drama series One Tree Hill. He is also known for his roles in the films The Day After Tomorrow and Wimbledon. He starred as John Monad in the HBO drama series John from Cincinnati, and portrayed Spencer Monroe in the AMC horror drama series The Walking Dead.", "Q108460": "Wolfgang Steinitz (28 February 1905 \u2013 21 April 1967) was a German linguist and folklorist. \nThrough his rediscovery of hidden social commentary in traditional folk songs, he was an important pioneer of the German folk-revival in both East and West Germany. \nHe researched the language and culture of the Ugric people of West Siberia, including the songs that form an important part of the tradition of this endangered ethnic group. \nSteinitz also left extensive work in other areas of linguistic studies.", "Q235759": "Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, (7 May 1927 \u2013 3 April 2013) was a German-born British and American Booker prize-winning novelist, short story writer and two-time Academy Award-winning screenwriter. She is perhaps best known for her long collaboration with Merchant Ivory Productions, made up of director James Ivory and producer Ismail Merchant.\nAfter meeting Cyrus Jhabvala in England, she married him and moved to India in 1951; Jhabvala was an Indian-Parsi architect. The couple lived in New Delhi and had three daughters. Jhabvala began then to elaborate her experiences in India and wrote novels and tales on Indian subjects. She wrote a dozen novels, 23 screenplays, and eight collections of short stories and was made a CBE in 1998 and granted a joint fellowship by BAFTA in 2002 with Ivory and Merchant. She is the only person to have won both a Booker Prize and an Oscar.", "Q205842": "Aspen is the home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Pitkin County, Colorado, United States. Its population was 6,658 at the 2010 United States Census. Aspen is in a remote area of the Rocky Mountains' Sawatch Range and Elk Mountains, along the Roaring Fork River at an elevation just below 8,000 feet (2,400 m) above sea level on the Western Slope, 11 miles (18 km) west of the Continental Divide.\nFounded as a mining camp during the Colorado Silver Boom and later named \"Aspen\" because of the abundance of aspen trees in the area, the city boomed during the 1880s, its first decade of existence. The boom ended when the Panic of 1893 led to a collapse in the silver market, and the city began a half-century known as \"the quiet years\" during which its population steadily declined, reaching a nadir of fewer than a thousand by 1930. Aspen's fortunes reversed in the mid-20th century when neighboring Aspen Mountain was developed into a ski resort, and industrialist Walter Paepcke bought many properties in the city in the 1950s and redeveloped them. Today it is home to three institutions, two of which Paepcke helped found, that have international importance: the Aspen Music Festival and School, the Aspen Institute, and the Aspen Center for Physics.In the late 20th century, the city became a popular retreat for celebrities. Gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson worked out of a downtown hotel and ran unsuccessfully for county sheriff. Singer John Denver wrote two songs about Aspen after settling there. Both of them popularized Aspen among the counter-cultural youth of the 1970s as an ideal place to live, and the city continued to grow even as it gained notoriety for some of the era's hedonistic excesses (particularly its drug culture).Aspen has some of the most expensive real estate in the United States. It remains a popular tourist destination, with outdoor recreation in the surrounding White River National Forest serving as a summertime complement to the four ski areas in the vicinity.", "Q2536038": "V\u00e4ter und S\u00f6hne \u2013 Eine deutsche Trag\u00f6die (English title: Fathers and Sons: A German Tragedy) is a 1986 Italian-German television miniseries directed by Bernhard Sinkel and starring Burt Lancaster, Julie Christie.", "Q544489": "Krista Kilvet (up to 1970 Krista Kanter; May 31, 1946 in Tallinn \u2013 January 21, 2009 in Tallinn) was an Estonian radio journalist, politician and diplomat.\nKrista Kilvet graduated from the University of Tartu with a major in English.\nIn 1992 and 1995, she was elected to the Estonian parliament (Riigikogu). In August 2008 she was appointed the Ambassador of Estonia to Norway and Iceland, but wasn't able to assume to this office.\nIn 1970\u20131990, she was married to the actor Kaarel Kilvet. They had three daughters.", "Q234447": "Felicity Rose Hadley Jones (born 17 October 1983) is an English actress. She started her professional acting career as a child, appearing at age 12 in The Treasure Seekers (1996). Jones went on to play Ethel Hallow for one series of the television series The Worst Witch and its sequel Weirdsister College. On radio, she has played the role of Emma Grundy in the BBC's The Archers. In 2008, she appeared in the Donmar Warehouse production of The Chalk Garden.\nSince 2006, Jones has appeared in the films Northanger Abbey (2007), Brideshead Revisited (2008), Ch\u00e9ri (2009), The Tempest (2010), The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014) and True Story (2015). Her performance in the 2011 film Like Crazy was met with critical acclaim, garnering her awards, including a special jury prize at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival.\nIn 2014, her performance as Jane Hawking in The Theory of Everything also met with critical acclaim, garnering her nominations for the Golden Globe, SAG, BAFTA and Academy Award for Best Actress. In 2016, Jones starred in the adventure-thriller Inferno, the fantasy drama A Monster Calls and Rogue One: A Star Wars Story as Jyn Erso. In 2016, she received the BAFTA Britannia Award for British Artist of the Year.", "Q272412": "Frances Hussey Sternhagen (born January 13, 1930) is an American actress. Sternhagen has appeared On- and Off-Broadway, in movies, and on TV since the 1950s.", "Q468611": "Lucyna \u0106wierczakiewiczowa (Polish pronunciation: [lu\u02c8t\u0361s\u0268na t\u0361\u0255f\u02b2ert\u0361\u0282ak\u02b2evi\u02c8t\u0361\u0282\u0254va]) (1829\u2014February 26, 1901) was a Polish writer, journalist and author of Polish cookery books.", "Q1001899": "Shu Uemura (\u690d\u6751 \u79c0, Uemura Sh\u016b, June 19, 1928 \u2013 December 29, 2007) (Japanese pronunciation: [\u026fem\u026f\u027ea \u0255\u026f\u02d0]) was a Japanese make-up artist and founder of the cosmetics line which bears his name. The cosmetics made up from his name had been one of the most famous makeup stores in the world today.", "Q586904": "The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro or University of Brazil (Portuguese: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ or Universidade do Brasil) is a public university in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. UFRJ is the largest federal university in the country and is one of the Brazilian centers of excellence in teaching and research. In terms of scientific, artistic and cultural productions it is recognized nationally and internationally due to the great teachers, researchers, reviews and assessments made by international agencies. In 2017 QS World University Rankings ranked UFRJ as the best Brazilian federal university, as well as the third best university in the country occupying the seventh position among institutions of Latin America. In 2016 and 2017 the Ranking Universit\u00e1rio Folha (RUF) ranked UFRJ as the best university in Brazil and the best Federal University in the country. The Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) published in 2017 UFRJ as the second best university in the world in Zoology field.Brazil's first official higher education institution, it has operated continuously since 1792, when the \"Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortifica\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenho\" (Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Design, precursor to the university's current Polytechnic School) was founded, and served as basis for the country's college system since its officialization in 1920. Besides its 157 undergraduate and 580 postgraduate courses, the UFRJ is responsible for seven museums, most notably the National Museum, nine hospitals, hundreds of laboratories and research facilities and forty-three libraries. Its history and identity are closely tied to the Brazilian ambitions of forging a modern, competitive and just society.The university is located mainly in Rio de Janeiro, with satellites spreading to ten other cities. Its main campuses are the historical campus of \"Praia Vermelha\" (Red Beach) and the newer \"Cidade Universit\u00e1ria\" (College City), which houses the \"Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico do Rio\" (Technology Park of Rio) - a science, technology and innovation development cluster. There are also several off-campus units scattered in Rio de Janeiro: the School of Music, the College of Law Studies, the Institute of Philosophy and Social Sciences and the Institute of History, in downtown Rio; the National Museum and the Valongo Observatory (not to be confused with the National Observatory); and the high-school unit \"Col\u00e9gio de Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o\" (Application College) in Lagoa. To the city of Maca\u00e9, located in the State's northern region, was dedicated a research and learning center focused on environmental issues and oil-related matters, and the city of Duque de Caxias, in partnership with the National Institute of Metrics, Normalization and Industrial Quality (Inmetro), saw the implementation of \"P\u00f3lo Avan\u00e7ado de Xer\u00e9m\" (Advanced Center of Xer\u00e9m), aimed at boosting research in the fields of biotechnology and nanotechnology.\nUFRJ is one of the main culprits in the formation of the Brazilian intellectual elite, contributing significantly to build not only the history of Rio de Janeiro but also of Brazil. Some of its former students include renowned economists Carlos Lessa and Mario Henrique Simonsen; Minister Marco Aur\u00e9lio Mello; the architect Oscar Niemeyer; the philosopher and politician Roberto Mangabeira Unger; the educator An\u00edsio Teixeira; the engineer Benjamin Constant; writers Clarice Lispector, Jorge Amado and Vinicius de Moraes; politicians Francisco Pereira Passos, Osvaldo Aranha and Pedro Calmon, besides the great physicians Carlos Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz and Vital Brazil.", "Q7856": "Rally is a form of motorsport that takes place on public or private roads with modified production or specially built road-legal cars. It is distinguished by not running on a circuit, but instead in a point-to-point format in which participants and their co-drivers drive between set control points (special stages), leaving at regular intervals from one or more start points. Rallies may be won by pure speed within the stages or alternatively by driving to a predetermined ideal journey time within the stages.", "Q366315": "Trygve Emanuel Gulbranssen (baptized Trygve Emanuel Gulbrandsen; 15 June 1894 \u2013 10 October 1962) was a Norwegian novelist, businessman and journalist.\nGulbranssen is best known for writing the Bj\u00f8rndal Trilogy \u2013 Og bakom synger skogene (1933), published in English as Beyond Sing the Woods; and Det bl\u00e5ser fra Dauingfjell (1934) and Ingen vei g\u00e5r utenom (1935), collectively translated under the English title The Wind from the Mountains. His books were well received by critics and readers alike, and they have been translated into over 30 languages and sold more than 12 million copies. At one point prior to the outbreak of World War II, the popularity of the Trilogy made Gulbranssen the fourth-bestselling author worldwide, and the success of the American editions of his work secured for him the distinction of being the only Scandinavian author of fiction to be included in the prestigious List of Books Chosen for the White House \u2013 a collection of works of literature selected by U.S. publishers and presented to the White House in order to provide the president with a library of the very best in contemporary literature. His novels were later adapted for film, though he was disappointed with the results.He was also well known as a sports journalist, writing primarily for the magazine Idr\u00e6tsliv (Sports Life), which he produced together with Peder Christian Andersen and Einar Staff. He wrote many of his most famous and characteristic articles as a correspondent for Idr\u00e6tsliv and Aftenposten during the Summer Olympics in the years between 1920 and 1936. He took a particular interest in track and field and sought to promote it as a sports manager for many years. He is also regarded \u2013 together with Nils Dahl \u2013 as the first person to have introduced orienteering to Norway.Gulbranssen's primary profession was tobacconist; in association with his business partners he imported tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, pipes, and other items. The wholesale business he was a member of became the largest of its type in Norway under his leadership. He was a respected business man both inside and outside of Norway's borders, and he established many lifelong friendships during the course of his business trips around Europe.\nIn 1940, Gulbranssen moved with his family to a farm in Eidsberg, allowing him to realize his dream of being a farmer, and even though he did not personally participate in the daily chores, he invested a great deal of effort in the planning and management of the enterprise. Although he was a newcomer to the district, he did not isolate himself on the farm, and he maintained a good relationship with his neighbors. In 1955 he helped found the Mysen Rotary Club, where he actively participated as a charter member until his death in 1962.", "Q439338": "Betty Mars (born Yvette Baheux, 30 July 1944 in Paris \u2013 20 February 1989 in Paris) was a French singer and actress, best known for her participation in the 1972 Eurovision Song Contest.", "Q1384181": "Michael John McKean (born October 17, 1947) is an American actor, comedian, and musician known for various roles in film and telelvision such as Lenny Kosnowski in Laverne & Shirley, David St. Hubbins in This is Spinal Tap, and Chuck McGill on Better Call Saul.\nMcKean's first breakout role was annoying neighbor Lenny Kosnowski on the sitcom Laverne & Shirley. In the mid-1990s, McKean spent two seasons as a cast member on Saturday Night Live. He has played roles in several Christopher Guest ensemble films, particularly as David St. Hubbins, lead vocalist and co-lead guitarist of the fictional rock band Spinal Tap in This Is Spinal Tap. He co-wrote the song \"A Mighty Wind\" (from the film of the same name), which won a Grammy Award, as well as \"A Kiss at the End of the Rainbow\" from the same film, which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song.\nMcKean portrayed Chuck McGill, brother of Saul Goodman, on the AMC drama series Better Call Saul, for which he has received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series in 2019.", "Q282093": "Arnold Szyfman (23 November 1882 in Ulan\u00f3w - 11 January 1967 in Warsaw) was a Polish theatre director and stage director. Founder of the Polish Theatre in Warsaw. He supervised the construction of Teatr Polski in Warsaw which opened in 1913 with Zygmunt Krasi\u0144ski's Irydion. One of the most beautiful playhouses in Europe, it was equipped with a revolving stage and up-to-date lighting, and was under Szyfman's management from 1913-1939, except for his two-year internment in Russia in the First World War. In hiding during the next war, Szyfman resumed management of the Polski in 1945, was fired by the communist authorities in 1949, and returned for a final time from 1955-1957. He was also manager of other Warsaw theaters and companies. At the Polski, he employed the best artists and directed numerous productions himself, including 22 Shakespeare plays. \nAwards: \n1925 - Officer's Cross of the Order of the Restitution of Poland; French Legion of Honor Cavalier's Cross; Corona d'Italia Officer's Cross\n1946 - Golden Cross of Merit\n1959 - Order of the Banner of Labor, 1st class", "Q69702": "Braunau is a municipality in the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q115357": "Herbert Witzenmann (16 February 1905, Pforzheim, Baden \u2013 24 September 1988, Heidelberg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) was a German philosopher and anthroposophist.", "Q303599": "Sarah Lassez is a French-American-Canadian actress and author. She was born in Canada to French parents and raised in Australia. At the age of 14, she moved to New York City and currently lives in Los Angeles.\nSarah Lassez is best known for her work in Gregg Araki's Nowhere, Abel Ferrara's The Blackout and the underground cult hit Mad Cowgirl.\nHer memoir, Psychic Junkie, was published by Simon & Schuster in the summer of 2006. It was featured on the cover of The New York Times Sunday Styles section, Entertainment Weekly, People Magazine and The Today Show. She has the lead role in the horror musical The Dead Inside, directed by Travis Betz.", "Q57834": "Nahas Gideon Angula (born 22 August 1943) is a Namibian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of Namibia from 21 March 2005 to 4 December 2012. He was succeeded by Hage Geingob in a cabinet reshuffle after the 2012 SWAPO Party congress. He subsequently served as Minister of Defence from 2012 to 2015. \nAngula is a member of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). He was Minister of Education, Sport and Culture from 1990 to 1995 and Minister of Higher Education from 1995 to 2005.", "Q259697": "Camille Guaty (born June 28, 1976) is an American film and television actress. She is known for several roles: as Daisy in Gotta Kick It Up! (2002), for playing Maricruz Delgado, Sucre's girlfriend, in Prison Break (2005\u20132007), and as Walter O'Brien's sister, Megan, a recurring role on the CBS series Scorpion (2014\u20132015).", "Q937": "Albert Einstein ( EYEN-styne; German: [\u02c8alb\u025b\u0281t \u02c8\u0294a\u026an\u0283ta\u026an] (listen); March 14, 1879 \u2013 April 18, 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He is best known to the general public for his mass\u2013energy equivalence formula \n \n \n \n E\n =\n m\n \n c\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle E=mc^{2}}\n , which has been dubbed \"the world's most famous equation\". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics \"for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory.\nThe son of a salesman who later operated an electrochemical factory, Einstein was born in the German Empire but moved to Switzerland in 1895 and renounced his German citizenship in 1896. Specializing in physics and mathematics, he received his academic teaching diploma from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School (German: eidgen\u00f6ssische polytechnische Schule, later ETH) in Z\u00fcrich in 1900. The following year, he acquired Swiss citizenship, which he kept for his entire life. After initially struggling to find work, from 1902 to 1909 he was employed as a patent examiner at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. \nNear the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. This led him to develop his special theory of relativity during his time at the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905, called his annus mirabilis (miracle year), he published four groundbreaking papers, which attracted the attention of the academic world; the first outlined the theory of the photoelectric effect, the second paper explained Brownian motion, the third paper introduced special relativity, and the fourth mass-energy equivalence. That year, at the age of 26, he was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich.\nAlthough initially treated with skepticism from many in the scientific community, Einstein's works gradually came to be recognised as significant advancements. He was invited to teach theoretical physics at the University of Bern in 1908 and the following year moved to the University of Zurich, then in 1911 to Charles University in Prague before returning to the Federal Polytechnic School in Z\u00fcrich in 1912. In 1914, he was elected to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, where he remained for 19 years. Soon after publishing his work on special relativity, Einstein began working to extend the theory to gravitational fields; he then published a paper on general relativity in 1916, introducing his theory of gravitation. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light and the quantum theory of radiation, the basis of laser, which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.In 1933, while Einstein was visiting the United States, Adolf Hitler came to power. Because of his Jewish background, Einstein did not return to Germany. He settled in the United States and became an American citizen in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting FDR to the potential development of \"extremely powerful bombs of a new type\" and recommending that the US begin similar research. This eventually led to the Manhattan Project. Einstein supported the Allies, but he generally denounced the idea of using nuclear fission as a weapon. He signed the Russell\u2013Einstein Manifesto with British philosopher Bertrand Russell, which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons. He was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, until his death in 1955.\nHe published more than 300 scientific papers and more than 150 non-scientific works. His intellectual achievements and originality have made the word \"Einstein\" synonymous with \"genius\". Eugene Wigner compared him to his contemporaries, writing that \"Einstein's understanding was deeper even than Jancsi von Neumann's. His mind was both more penetrating and more original\".", "Q746232": "George Nicoll Barnes (2 January 1859 \u2013 21 April 1940) was a Scottish Labour politician and a Leader of the Labour Party.", "Q236250": "Katherine Whitton Baker (born June 8, 1950) is an American actress. Baker began her career in theatre and made her screen debut in the 1983 drama film, The Right Stuff. She received the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress and an Independent Spirit Award nomination for her performance in Street Smart (1987). Baker also has appeared in over 50 films, including Jacknife (1989), Edward Scissorhands (1990), The Cider House Rules (1999), Cold Mountain (2003), Nine Lives (2005), The Jane Austen Book Club (2007), Last Chance Harvey (2008), Take Shelter (2011), Saving Mr. Banks (2013) and The Age of Adaline (2015).\nOn television, Baker starred as Dr. Jill Brock in the CBS drama series, Picket Fences (1992-1996), for which she received three Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series and Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards. She later received three additional nominations and a Primetime Emmy Award for her performances in Touched by an Angel, Boston Public and Door to Door.", "Q85972": "Helmuth Ellgaard (3 March 1913 in Hadersleben \u2013 22 April 1980 in Kiel) was a German illustrator, artist and journalist.\nHelmuth Ellgaard was born in the then German Haderslev/Hadersleben (now in Nordslesvig, Denmark). In 1928, the family left Haderslev, which became Danish after the Schleswig Plebiscites, for Kiel. Soon, Ellgaard caught an interest in drawing and painting. He was educated at the Art academy in Kiel in 1934, while simultaneously working as a news illustrator for the Kieler Neuste Nachrichten newspaper. He also learned to sketch, and his specialty became fast sketches with charcoal.\n\nIn 1938 he was newly wed and moved to Berlin. After the outbreak of the second world war he became a war correspondent, and as a lieutenant in the Luftwaffe he participated in many raids as a journalist, including the Battle of Britain in 1940. His works were published in the renowned weekly magazine Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung. During the war this two sons were born; Peter (1940) and Holger (1943).\nThe war had destroyed the large publishing houses in Berlin, and new newspapers and magazines were started in Hamburg and Munich among other places. The Ellgaard family therefore moved to Munich, where Helmuth Ellgaard participated in starting the illustrated magazine Revue, which was one of the many new weekly magazines in post-war West Germany. Ellgaard worked as an employee of the editorial staff as an image editor and news illustrator. In almost every issue there were illustrations by him, from 1953 also in color. His role models were the American Norman Rockwell and the Dane Kurt Ard.\nIn 1956 he chose to become independent, and moved with the family to Hamburg. There he illustrated books and worked for advertising agencies. However, his important work during the period 1954 to 1961 was the illustration of a large number of film posters, of which the poster from 1959 for the anti-war film \"The Bridge\" (Die Br\u00fccke) is considered to be his most notable work. He died of a heart attack in 1980, 67 years old.\nIn 2003, his two sons Peter and Holger Ellgaard donated a large part of his works to the Haus der Geschichte in Bonn.", "Q216180": "Baron R\u00fcdiger von Wechmar (15 November 1923 \u2013 17 October 2007) was a German diplomat. He was West German ambassador to the UN in the 1970s. During the thirty-fifth ordinary and the eighth emergency special sessions, from 1980 to 1981, he was President of the United Nations General Assembly.", "Q706616": "Ernesto \"Tino\" Brambilla (born 31 January 1934) is a former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and a professional race car driver from Italy. Born in Monza, he was the brother of driver Vittorio Brambilla. In 1959, he finished in 10th place in the 350cc Grand Prix motorcycle season. In 1961 he again finished in 10th place in the 350 class.\nBrambilla entered in two Formula One Grands Prix, firstly in the 1963 Italian Grand Prix with Scuderia Centro Sud, driving a Cooper, which he failed to qualify. For the 1969 race he was entered by Ferrari, but the car was ultimately driven by Pedro Rodr\u00edguez.", "Q602302": "Jack Smith (May 24, 1924 in Metropolis, Illinois \u2013 October 17, 2001 in Spartanburg, South Carolina) was an American stock car racer. He raced in the very first NASCAR race ever in 1949 and is a member of the NMPA Hall of Fame in Darlington, South Carolina.", "Q114049": "Viktor Janka von Bulcs, often shortened to Viktor Janka (24 December 1837 in Vienna - 9 August 1890 in Budapest) was a Hungarian botanist. He discovered and described several plant species, including the Hungarian crocus (Colchicum hungaricum). The standard author abbreviation Janka is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.The monotypic relict genus Jankaea, the orchid species Himantoglossum jankae and Chamaecytisus jankae are named after him.", "Q561147": "Joan Fuster i Ortells (Valencian pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8am fus\u02c8te\u027e j o\u027e\u02c8te\u028es]; 23 November 1922 \u2013 21 June 1992) was an influential Spanish writer. He is considered a major writer in Valencian-Catalan language, and his work contributed to reinvigorate left-wing, pro-Catalan nationalism in Valencia during the Spanish transition to democracy. In his influential political essay Nosaltres, els valencians (1962) he coined the term Pa\u00efsos Catalans (Catalan Countries) to refer to the Catalan-speaking territories, for which he claimed independent statehood from Spain.", "Q260770": "Grace Quek (Chinese: \u90ed\u76c8\u6069; pinyin: Gu\u014d Y\u00edng'\u0113n) (born May 22, 1972), stage name Annabel Chong, is a retired Singaporean-born American pornographic film actress who became famous after starring in an adult film that was promoted as The World's Biggest Gang Bang. The film was commercially successful and started a trend of \"record-breaking\" gang bang pornography. Four years later, Chong was the subject of the documentary Sex: The Annabel Chong Story, in which she was interviewed about her pornography career. Academically gifted, she majored in Fine Arts and subsequently qualified in web applications development, before retiring from the adult industry completely in 2003.", "Q229416": "Isabel Lucas (born 29 January 1985) is an Australian actress and model. Her most notable roles are in Home and Away (2003\u201306), Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009), Daybreakers (2009), The Waiting City (2009), The Pacific (2010), Immortals (2011), A Heartbeat Away (2011), Red Dawn (2012), The Loft (2014), The Water Diviner (2014), Careful What You Wish For (2015), Knight of Cups (2015), and That's Not me (2017). In 2015, she acted beside Nick Jonas in the thriller film Careful What You Wish For. In 2017, Lucas joined the American television series MacGyver. In 2018, she appeared in In Like Flynn which was a success in Australia, New Zealand, and Britain, and the same year played Brooke in Chasing Comets. In 2009, Lucas won Best Breakout Performance Female for her role in Tranformers: Revenge of the Fallen.", "Q373718": "Olga Gzovskaya (Russian: \u041e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0437\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f; 10 October 1883 \u2013 2 July 1962) was a Russian theater and film actress.", "Q433615": "Indalecio Prieto Tuero (30 April 1883 \u2013 11 February 1962) was a Spanish politician, a minister and one of the leading figures of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in the years before and during the Second Spanish Republic.", "Q3695416": "Forman Christian College is an independent research liberal arts university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan founded in 1864. The university is administered by the Presbyterian Church and follows an American-style curriculum.Founded in 1864 by American Presbyterian missionary Dr. Charles William Forman, the college was initially named Mission College, and changed its name in 1894 to Forman Christian College, in honor of its founder. Forman served as an associated college of the University of Calcutta until 1947 when it became affiliated with the University of Punjab. In 2004, the government granted it university charter hence providing it with degree awarding authority.The college was initially based in the Rang Mahal in Walled City of Lahore, which was leased by Dr. Charles from the grand wazir of Emperor Shah Jahan with the support from foreign missions. In 1889 it was shifted to Napier Road and was inaugurated by the Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne. Again, in 1940, the college was moved to its present campus on the banks of the Lahore Canal in 1940. The college remained financially autonomous until 1960 when Pakistani government began annual grants for the college for its nursing program. The college was nationalised in 1972 until 2003 when the control was returned to the Presbyterian Church.Forman is also known for its noted alumni and staff, including Nobel laureate Arthur Compton, former Indian Prime Minister I. K. Gujral, former Pakistani Presidents Farooq Leghari and Pervez Musharraf, and activist Eqbal Ahmad. As of 2016, Forman is home to 6,347 students, 220 full-time faculty members with over 100 possessing PhDs, and 21,700 strong alumni. Christians make up nearly 15% of the student body while the college runs a $1 million fund to finance scholarships for its students. As of 2016, the college has been ranked 9th highest in Pakistan among medium-sized universities and is the only institute in Pakistan which is a member of the Global Liberal Arts Alliance.\nThe current Rector of FCC is Dr. James Tebbe.", "Q93876": "The Condemned is a 2007 American action film written and directed by Scott Wiper. The film stars Steve Austin, Vinnie Jones, Robert Mammone, Tory Mussett, Madeleine West and Rick Hoffman.\nThe film centers on ten convicts who are forced to fight each other to the death as part of an illegal game which is being broadcast to the public. The Condemned was filmed in Queensland. Fight choreography was coordinated by Richard Norton, who also stunt doubles for Jones on some scenes. A sequel titled The Condemned 2 starring Randy Orton was released in 2015.\nThe film was produced by WWE Films and distributed by Lionsgate on April 27, 2007.\n\n", "Q105622": "Theodor Gottfried Liesching (14 August 1865 \u2013 25 July 1922) was a German jurist and politician. He was born in Stuttgart and died in B\u00f6blingen.", "Q1003730": "The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (abbreviated BAS, in Bulgarian: \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435, Balgarska akademiya na naukite, abbreviated \u0411\u0410\u041d) is the National Academy of Bulgaria, established in 1869. The Academy, located in Sofia, is autonomous and consists of a Society of Academicians, Correspondent Members and Foreign Members. It publishes and circulates different scientific works, encyclopaedias, dictionaries and journals, and runs its own publishing house.\nJulian Revalski has been the president of the BAS since 2016. As of 2009, its budget was 84 million leva (\u20ac42.7 million). The Bulgarian Space Agency, part of the BAS, has a budget of \u20ac1 million.", "Q1195746": "The Mtatsminda Pantheon of Writers and Public Figures (Georgian: \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, mtats'mindis mts'eralta da sazogado moghvats'eta p'anteoni) is a necropolis in Tbilisi, Georgia, where some of the most prominent writers, artists, scholars, and national heroes of Georgia are buried. It is located in the churchyard around St David\u2019s Church \"Mamadaviti\" on the slope of Mount Mtatsminda (Geo. \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, meaning the Holy Mountain) and was officially established in 1929. Atop the mountain is Mtatsminda Park, an amusement park owned by the municipality of Tbilisi.\nThe first celebrities to be buried at this place were the Russian writer Alexander Griboyedov (1795\u20131829) and his Georgian wife Nino Chavchavadze (1812\u20131857). The Pantheon was officially opened in 1929 to celebrate the centenary of Griboyedov\u2019s death in Iran. Since then, several illustrious Georgians have been buried or reburied there. The Pantheon is administered by the Government of Tbilisi and is frequented by locals as well as the city\u2019s visitors.", "Q162861": "Donald Gresham Stokes, Baron Stokes (22 March 1914 \u2013 21 July 2008) was an English industrialist. He was the head of British Leyland Motor Corporation Ltd (BL) from 1968 to 1975.\n\n", "Q124834": "Lukas Ammann (29 September 1912 \u2013 3 May 2017) was a Swiss actor who appeared mainly in German and Swiss films and television shows. He continued to work steadily for over 60 years. He is best known for his title role in the German television series Graf Yoster.", "Q230147": "Ethel Barrymore (born Ethel Mae Blythe; August 15, 1879 \u2013 June 18, 1959) was an American actress and a member of the Barrymore family of actors. Barrymore was a stage, screen and radio actress whose career spanned six decades, and was regarded as \"The First Lady of the American Theatre\".", "Q2090": "Nuremberg ( NEWR-\u0259m-burg; German: N\u00fcrnberg [\u02c8n\u028f\u0281nb\u025b\u0281k] (listen); Austro-Bavarian: Niamberg; East Franconian: N\u00e4rrnberch or N\u00e4mberch, locally N\u00e4rmberch) is the second-largest city of the German federal state of Bavaria after its capital Munich, and its 511,628 (2016) inhabitants make it the 14th largest city in Germany. On the Pegnitz River (from its confluence with the Rednitz in F\u00fcrth onwards: Regnitz, a tributary of the River Main) and the Rhine\u2013Main\u2013Danube Canal, it lies in the Bavarian administrative region of Middle Franconia, and is the largest city and the unofficial capital of Franconia. Nuremberg forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring cities of F\u00fcrth, Erlangen and Schwabach with a total population of 798,867 (2018), while the larger Nuremberg Metropolitan Region has approximately 3.6 million inhabitants. The city lies about 170 kilometres (110 mi) north of Munich. It is the largest city in the East Franconian dialect area (colloquially: \"Franconian\"; German: Fr\u00e4nkisch), Nuremberg was one of the host cities of the 2006 FIFA World Cup.\nThere are many institutions of higher education in the city, including the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg). With 39,780 students in 2017, it is Bavaria's third-largest and Germany's 11th-largest university, with campuses in Erlangen and Nuremberg and a university hospital in Erlangen (Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen). Technische Hochschule N\u00fcrnberg Georg Simon Ohm and Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik N\u00fcrnberg are also located within the city. Nuremberg Airport (Flughafen N\u00fcrnberg \u201cAlbrecht D\u00fcrer\u201c) is the second-busiest airport in Bavaria after Munich Airport, and the tenth-busiest airport in Germany.\nStaatstheater N\u00fcrnberg is one of the five Bavarian state theatres, showing operas, operettas, musicals, and ballets (main venue: Nuremberg Opera House), plays (main venue: Schauspielhaus N\u00fcrnberg), as well as concerts (main venue: Meistersingerhalle). Its orchestra, Staatsphilharmonie N\u00fcrnberg, is Bavaria's second-largest opera orchestra after the Bavarian State Opera's Bavarian State Orchestra in Munich. Nuremberg is the birthplace of Albrecht D\u00fcrer and Johann Pachelbel.\nNuremberg was the site of major Nazi rallies, and it provided the site for the Nuremberg trials, which held to account many major Nazi officials.", "Q380848": "Julie & Julia is a 2009 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Nora Ephron starring Meryl Streep, Amy Adams, Stanley Tucci, and Chris Messina. The film contrasts the life of chef Julia Child in the early years of her culinary career with the life of young New Yorker Julie Powell, who aspires to cook all 524 recipes in Child's cookbook in 365 days, a challenge she described on her popular blog that made her a published author.Ephron's screenplay is adapted from two books: My Life in France, Child's autobiography written with Alex Prud'homme, and a memoir by Powell, Julie & Julia: 365 Days, 524 Recipes, 1 Tiny Apartment Kitchen (later retitled Julie & Julia: My Year of Cooking Dangerously). Both of these books were written and published in the same time frame (2004\u201306). Powell's book was based on her blog The Julie/Julia Project, where she documented online her daily experiences cooking each of the 524 recipes in Child's Mastering the Art of French Cooking. The film is the first major motion picture based on a blog.In March 2008, Ephron began filming with Streep as Child and Adams as Powell. On July 30, 2009, the film officially premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York; and, on August 7, 2009, it opened throughout North America. It received positive reviews from critics, who praised Streep's performance. Streep and Adams previously starred together in Doubt (2008). Streep and Tucci previously starred together in The Devil Wears Prada (2006).\nJulie & Julia was Ephron's last film before her death in 2012.", "Q187153": "The 14th arrondissement of Paris (French: XIVe arrondissement [kat\u0254\u0281zj\u025bm a\u0281\u0254\u0303dism\u0251\u0303]), officially named arrondissement de l'Observatoire (IPA: [a\u0281\u0254\u0303dism\u0251\u0303 d\u0259 l\u0254ps\u025b\u0281vatwa\u0281]; meaning \"arrondissement of the Observatory\", after the Paris Observatory), is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. It is situated on the left bank of the River Seine and contains most of the Montparnasse district. It is today best known for its skyscraper, the Tour Montparnasse, and its major railway terminus, the Gare Montparnasse, both located in the neighboring 15th arrondissement. The district has traditionally been home to many artists as well as a Breton community, arrived at the beginning of the 20th century upon the creation of the Montparnasse railway terminus.\nUniversities located in the 14th arrondissement also include the Cit\u00e9 Internationale Universitaire de Paris, which is located near the Parc Montsouris, the Stade Charl\u00e9ty and the catacombs; and the Paris School of Economics.", "Q121794": "John Gollan (2 April 1911 - 5 September 1977) was a leader of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB).\nHe was born in Edinburgh, where he grew up and took his first job as a painter's apprentice. His first introduction to political activity was during the 1926 general strike when he helped distribute the papers of the strike committee. On 1 May the following year he joined the CPGB and its youth wing the Young Communist League (YCL). He became a signwriter but his career was cut short in July 1931 when he was arrested for distributing anti-militarist leaflets. He had been organising soldiers to demand better rights and conditions, an activity for which he was sentenced to 6 months in Edinburgh prison. After a popular campaign calling for his release he was freed in January 1932 and began working for the party.\nGollan became the editor of the YCL's newspaper 'the Young Worker' and its successor publication 'Challenge'. He did this for several years until his election as General Secretary of the YCL in 1935. He then held various regional posts before becoming the party's National Organiser in 1945. In 1949, he became assistant editor of the Daily Worker, and in 1954 he became the party's Assistant General Secretary. In 1956 he became the party's General Secretary and immediately had to deal with the drop in membership following the Soviet crushing of the Hungarian Revolution. He held the post until 9 March 1975, when he resigned following ill health, and died in 1977.", "Q983239": "Maurice Alain Farman (March 21, 1877 \u2013 February 25, 1964) was an Anglo-French Grand Prix motor racing champion, an aviator, and an aircraft manufacturer and designer.\n\n", "Q532279": "James Henry Webb Jr. (born February 9, 1946) is an American politician and author. He has served as a United States Senator from Virginia, Secretary of the Navy, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs, Counsel for the United States House Committee on Veterans' Affairs and is a decorated former Marine Corps officer.\nIn the private sector he has been an Emmy Award winning journalist, a filmmaker, and the author of ten books. In addition, he taught literature at the United States Naval Academy and was a Fellow at the Harvard Institute of Politics. As a member of the Democratic Party, Webb announced on November 19, 2014, that he was forming an exploratory committee to evaluate a run for President of the United States in 2016. On July 2, 2015, he announced that he would be joining the race for the Democratic nomination for president, but stepped down from running in the primaries on October 20, 2015, stating that he was \"not comfortable\" and \"unhappy\" with many of the party's political positions.", "Q5022209": "Callinicus (Greek: \u03bf \u041a\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2) was a prince of the Kingdom of Commagene, who lived in the 1st century. Callinicus was the second-born son and child to King Antiochus IV of Commagene and Queen Iotapa of Commagene. His parents were full-blooded siblings. His parents were Roman Client Monarchs of Commagene that lived under the Roman Empire in the 1st century. His older brother was prince Gaius Julius Archelaus Antiochus Epiphanes and youngest sibling was princess Iotapa.\nHe was of Armenian, Greek and Medes descent. Through his ancestor from Commagene, Queen Laodice VII Thea, who was the mother of King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene, he was a direct descendant of the Greek Syrian Kingdom the Seleucid Empire. Callinicus\u2019 birth name was probably Gaius Julius Mithridates Callinicus. He was probably named in honor of his ancestor King Mithridates I Callinicus, who was the father of King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene. Callinicus is the second person in the Royal Family of Commagene to bear this name. He is simply known as Callinicus.\nHe was most probably born, raised and educated in Samosata, the capital of the Kingdom of Commagene. His mother died around 52 and his father raised him. Unfortunately, more is known on his eldest brother and younger sister, than on Callinicus.\nIn 72 Lucius Caesennius Paetus, the Roman Governor of Syria had sent letters addressed to Vespasian accusing Antiochus IV; Epiphanes and Callinicus in planning to revolt against Rome and allying themselves with the King of Parthia. Paetus accused in these letters that Antiochus IV, Epiphanes and Callinicus of disloyalty to the Emperor. It is not known whether if these accusations were true or false. After reading the letters, Vespasian felt that he could no longer trust the family of Antiochus IV and couldn\u2019t trust them to protect the strategic crossing at the Euphrates River at Samosata. Vespasian gave orders to Antiochus IV to terminate his rule in Commagene.\nPaetus invaded the Kingdom of Commagene, as head of the Legio VI Ferrata. The client Kings Aristobulus of Chalcis and Sohaemus of Emesa also supplied troops to Paetus. They all arrived the night before the Battle. As Epiphanes and Callinicus prepared themselves that night for war, Antiochus IV was preparing to flee to Cilicia.\nThe next morning that the war was supposed to occur Epiphanes with his family and Callinicus out of fear of the Romans fled to the King of Parthia, while Antiochus IV also out of fear of the Romans fled to Cilicia. There is a possibility that Epiphanes and Callinicus had a short-lived attempt to resist invasion, before they fled to Parthia.\nThe family of Antiochus IV had let their own army and the citizens of Commagene down. Antiochus IV and his family never considered to cause a war with Rome and they wanted to clear themselves of these accusations. Vespasian brought peacefully back to Rome, Epiphanes with his family and Callinicus in an honourable Roman Military Escort. Epiphanes with his family and Callinicus lived in Rome with Antiochus IV for the remainder of his life. Vespasian had given Antiochus IV and his family sufficient revenue to live on. Antiochus IV and his family had a glamorous life and were treated with great respect.\nThey never returned to Commagene. Commagene was reinstated again as a part of the Roman Province of Syria and there the citizens of Commagene still proved to be loyal subjects of the Roman Empire. After the death of Antiochus IV, Epiphanes and his family moved and settled in Athens Greece. However, it is unknown whether Callinicus had travelled with them. After this moment, nothing more is known on Callinicus.", "Q234321": "Tina Marie Majorino\n(;\nborn February 7, 1985) is an American film and television actress. She started her career as a child actor, starring in films such as Andre; When a Man Loves a Woman; Corrina, Corrina; and Waterworld.\nAfter her early success as a child actor, she returned to acting at age 18, with what remains one of her best known roles to date, the character Deb in the 2004 film Napoleon Dynamite. Since her return to acting, she has been in television series such as Veronica Mars, Big Love, True Blood and Grey's Anatomy. She returned to the role of Mac in the Veronica Mars movie, and has played the part of Maggie Harris on the television series Legends. She later appeared in the recurring role of Florence in the television series Scorpion.", "Q109018": "Willi Kreikemeyer (1894 \u2013 c. 1950) was a German labourer and a Communist. From 1941 he and his wife Marthe Kreikemeyer were close assistants of Noel Field who supported German anti-Nazi refugees in France and Switzerland. He died in East German detention as a victim of the Noel Field show trials, which had the function to replace Communist Party officials with others more aligned with Moscow.", "Q431002": "Laila (born 24 October 1980) is an Indian actress. She has acted in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi language films. She is known for her critically acclaimed and award-winning performances in the Bala-directed films Nandha (2001) & Pithamagan (2003), and the commercial Tamil blockbusters Parthen Rasithen (2000), Dheena (2001), Dhill (2001), Alli Thandha Vaanam (2001), Unnai Ninaithu (2002), Ullam Ketkume (2005) and Kanda Naal Mudhal (2005).", "Q272374": "Susanna Lee Hoffs (born January 17, 1959) is an American vocalist, guitarist, actress and songwriter. She is best known as a co-founder of The Bangles.", "Q107035": "Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim Zauq (1790\u20131854) (Urdu: \u0634\u06cc\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0650\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0650\u06cc\u0645 \u0630\u064e\u0648\u0614\u0642\u200e) was an Urdu poet and scholar of literature, poetry and religion. He wrote poetry under nom de plume \"Zauq\", and was appointed poet laureate of the Mughal Court in Delhi just at the age of 19. Later he was given the title of Khaqani-e-Hind (The Khaqani of India) by the last Mughal emperor and his disciple Bahadur Shah Zafar.He was a poor youth, with only ordinary education, who went on to acquire learning in history, theology and poetics in his later years. Zauq was a prominent contemporary of Ghalib and in the history of Urdu poetry the rivalry of the two poets is quite well known. During his lifetime Zauq was more popular than Ghalib for the critical values in those days were mainly confined to judging a piece of poetry on the basis of usage of words, phrases and idioms. Content and style were not much taken into account while appreciating poetry.", "Q202693": "Jo Nesb\u00f8 (Norwegian: [\u02c8ju\u02d0 \u02c8n\u025b\u0300sb\u00f8\u02d0]; born 29 March 1960) is a Norwegian writer, musician, and former economist and reporter. More than 3 million copies of his novels had been sold in Norway as of March 2014; his work has been translated into over 40 languages, and by 2017 had sold some 33 million copies worldwide.\nKnown primarily for his crime novels featuring Inspector Harry Hole, Nesb\u00f8 is also the main vocalist and songwriter for the Norwegian rock band Di Derre. In 2007 he released his first children's book, Doktor Proktors Prompepulver (English translation: Doctor Proctor's Fart Powder). The 2011 film Headhunters is based on Nesb\u00f8's novel, Hodejegerne (The Headhunters).", "Q213946": "Johann-Andreas Schubert (19 March 1808 \u2013 6 October 1870) was a German general engineer (Universalingenieur), designer and university lecturer.", "Q108306": "Maria Matray (14 July 1907 \u2013 30 October 1993) was a German screenwriter and film actress. Matray became a star of late Weimar cinema. Following the Nazi takeover in 1933, Matray, who was Jewish, went into exile \u2013 initially in France and Britain before moving to the United States. She developed a new career as a choreographer and writer. She later returned to Germany after the Second World War, where she died in 1993.", "Q65886": "Ferenbalm (French: Les Baumettes) is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q1228519": "Louis Del\u00e2ge (March 22, 1874 \u2013 December 14, 1947), was a French pioneer automotive engineer and manufacturer.\nBorn Pierre Louis Del\u00e2ge to a family of modest means in Cognac in the Charente d\u00e9partement of France, as an infant he lost the sight in one eye. At the age of sixteen, he went to study at a trade school Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech in the city of Angers, graduating with an engineering degree in 1893. Delage then fulfilled his military obligation and was stationed in Algeria. Discharged in 1895, he found work with a railway company in the south of France but in 1900 moved to Paris. There, he was employed in the engineering and design department of a motor vehicle manufacturing concern until 1903 when he received an offer to join the fledgling Renault automobile company.\nDel\u00e2ge realized the enormous potential for the automobile as demand soon began to outstrip production. Filled with innovative ideas of his own, in 1905 he raised enough money to open his own assembly plant in a converted barn in Levallois at the outskirts of Paris. The Delage Automobile Company grew rapidly and their vehicles soon gained a reputation for their stylish appearance and quality and as a dominant force in motor racing. However, the Great Depression of the 1930s took its toll and car sales plummeted. By 1935 his company was forced into liquidation, the rights to the Delage name auctioned off to the Delahaye car company. The new owners unceremoniously dismissed Del\u00e2ge with a penurious pension.Louis Del\u00e2ge was nearly 60 years old when he found himself in a personal financial crisis made worse by his divorce. He sought solace in his Roman Catholic faith, and because he was too poor to afford a car, he often made the pilgrimage on foot or by bicycle to the sacred convent of Saint Th\u00e9r\u00e8se in the city of Lisieux and to the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes. In 1947, at the age of 73 and living in near poverty, an almost forgotten Louis Del\u00e2ge died. He is interred in the local cemetery in Le Pecq, a small town at the far westerly suburbs of Paris. \nIn 1990, in his hometown of Cognac, an industrial school was dedicated as the \"Lyc\u00e9e professionnel Louis Del\u00e2ge\" in his memory.", "Q44690": "Lincoln Davenport Chafee (; born March 26, 1953) is an American politician. He was mayor of Warwick from 1993 to 1999, a United States Senator from 1999 to 2007, and the 74th Governor of Rhode Island from 2011 to 2015. He was a member of the Democratic Party from 2013\u20132019; in June 2019, The Boston Globe reported that he had become a registered Libertarian, having previously been a Republican until 2007 and an independent and then a Democrat in the interim.\nThe son of Republican politician John Chafee, who was the 66th Governor of Rhode Island, the United States Secretary of the Navy, and a U.S. Senator from Rhode Island, Lincoln Chafee's first elected office was as a member of the Warwick City Council in 1985. After John Chafee died in 1999 while serving in the United States Senate, Rhode Island Governor Lincoln Almond appointed Lincoln Chafee to fill his father's seat in the U.S. Senate to which he was elected to a full term in 2000 as candidate of the Republican Party.\nChafee was the only Republican in the Senate to vote against authorization of the use of force in Iraq in the lead-up to the Iraq War. He was defeated in his 2006 reelection bid by Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse. Chafee subsequently shifted his affiliation towards the Democratic Party by first endorsing Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential election, running as an independent for Governor of Rhode Island in 2010, serving as the co-chair of Obama's 2012 re-election campaign, and then finally officially switching his registration to the Democratic Party in May 2013. In March 2019, he switched his political affiliation again to the Libertarian Party.\nIn 2015, he sought nomination to be the Democratic Party candidate in the 2016 presidential election, but withdrew prior to the primaries. In January 2020, Chafee filed to run again for president, this time seeking the Libertarian nomination. Chafee withdrew his candidacy on April 5, 2020 and announced he would instead focus on helping \"other Libertarians seeking office.\"", "Q469269": "Matthew Boulton (; 3 September 1728 \u2013 17 August 1809) was an English manufacturer and business partner of Scottish engineer James Watt. In the final quarter of the 18th century, the partnership installed hundreds of Boulton & Watt steam engines, which were a great advance on the state of the art, making possible the mechanisation of factories and mills. Boulton applied modern techniques to the minting of coins, striking millions of pieces for Britain and other countries, and supplying the Royal Mint with up-to-date equipment.\nBorn in Birmingham, he was the son of a Birmingham manufacturer of small metal products who died when Boulton was 31. By then Boulton had managed the business for several years, and thereafter expanded it considerably, consolidating operations at the Soho Manufactory, built by him near Birmingham. At Soho, he adopted the latest techniques, branching into silver plate, ormolu and other decorative arts. He became associated with James Watt when Watt's business partner, John Roebuck, was unable to pay a debt to Boulton, who accepted Roebuck's share of Watt's patent as settlement. He then successfully lobbied Parliament to extend Watt's patent for an additional 17 years, enabling the firm to market Watt's steam engine. The firm installed hundreds of Boulton & Watt steam engines in Britain and abroad, initially in mines and then in factories.\nBoulton was a key member of the Lunar Society, a group of Birmingham-area men prominent in the arts, sciences, and theology. Members included Watt, Erasmus Darwin, Josiah Wedgwood and Joseph Priestley. The Society met each month near the full moon. Members of the Society have been given credit for developing concepts and techniques in science, agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transport that laid the groundwork for the Industrial Revolution.\nBoulton founded the Soho Mint, to which he soon adapted steam power. He sought to improve the poor state of Britain's coinage, and after several years of effort obtained a contract in 1797 to produce the first British copper coinage in a quarter century. His \"cartwheel\" pieces were well-designed and difficult to counterfeit, and included the first striking of the large copper British penny, which continued to be coined until decimalisation in 1971. He retired in 1800, though continuing to run his mint, and died in 1809. His image appears alongside his partner James Watt on the Bank of England's current Series F \u00a350 note.", "Q118115": "Martin Patzelt (born 23 July 1947) is a German politician. Born in Frankfurt (Oder), Brandenburg, he represents the CDU. Martin Patzelt has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Brandenburg since 2013.", "Q774280": "Ferenc M\u00f3ra (19 July 1879 \u2013 8 February 1934) was a Hungarian novelist, journalist, and museologist.", "Q263279": "Park Sun-young (born May 30, 1989), known professionally as Hyomin, is a South Korean singer, songwriter and actress. She is a member of South Korean girl group T-ara. Apart from her group's activities, Hyomin has also starred in various television dramas such as My Girlfriend is a Nine-Tailed Fox (2010), Gye Baek (2011), The Thousandth Man (2012), and in various films such as Gisaeng Ryung (2011) and Jinx!!! (2013). She debuted as a solo artist with her debut EP, Make Up, on June 30, 2014.", "Q192238": "Guido of Arezzo (also Guido Aretinus, Guido Aretino, Guido da Arezzo, Guido Monaco, Guido d'Arezzo,Guido Monaco Pomposiano, or Guy of Arezzo also Guy d'Arezzo) (991/992 \u2013 after 1033) was an Italian music theorist of the Medieval era. He is regarded as the inventor of modern musical notation (staff notation) that replaced neumatic notation. His text, the Micrologus, was the second most widely distributed treatise on music in the Middle Ages (after the writings of Boethius).", "Q34820": "Santo Domingo (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8santo \u00f0o\u02c8mi\u014b\u0261o] meaning \"Saint Dominic\"), officially Santo Domingo de Guzm\u00e1n, is the capital and largest city in the Dominican Republic and the largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean by population. As of 2010, the city had a total population of 2,908,607, when including the metropolitan area. The city is coterminous with the boundaries of the Distrito Nacional (\"D.N.\", \"National District\"), itself bordered on three sides by Santo Domingo Province.\nFounded by Bartholomew Columbus in 1496, on the east bank of the Ozama River and then moved by Nicol\u00e1s de Ovando in 1502 to the west bank of the river, the city is the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Americas, and was the first seat of the Spanish colonial rule in the New World. Santo Domingo is the site of the first university, cathedral, castle, monastery, and fortress in the New World. The city's Colonial Zone was declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Santo Domingo was called Ciudad Trujillo (Spanish pronunciation: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a\u00f0 t\u027eu\u02c8xi\u029do]), from 1936 to 1961, after the Dominican Republic's dictator, Rafael Trujillo, named the capital after himself. Following his assassination, the city resumed its original designation.\nSanto Domingo is the cultural, financial, political, commercial and industrial center of the Dominican Republic, with the country's most important industries being located within the city. Santo Domingo also serves as the chief seaport of the country. The city's harbor at the mouth of the Ozama River accommodates the largest vessels, and the port handles both heavy passenger and freight traffic. Temperatures are high year round, with cooler breezes in the winter time.", "Q215660": "Lisa Tetzner (born in Zittau, Saxony on 10 November 1894; died on 2 July 1963 in Carona, Switzerland) was a German-born Swiss children's book writer known for her work with fairy-tales. In 1924 she married Kurt Held, a Jewish Communist. \nThey fled to Switzerland in 1933 to escape the Nazis and in 1948 became Swiss citizens. Her book, Die schwarzen Br\u00fcder was published in 1941. The Swiss censored her work fearing it may antagonise the wartime German government. Later her \"socialist fairy-tales\" became popular in East Germany. One of her best-known works is The Children From No. 67 series written as a collaboration with her husband. In the US Hans Sees The World was popular. It was a translation from her original German, published in 1934 by Covici-Friede.", "Q205473": "Girls Aloud were an Irish British pop girl group, which was created through the ITV talent show Popstars: The Rivals in 2002. The group comprised singers Cheryl, Nadine Coyle, Sarah Harding, Nicola Roberts and Kimberley Walsh. The group achieved a string of twenty consecutive top ten singles in the United Kingdom, including four number ones. They also achieved seven certified albums, of which two reached number one. They have been nominated for five Brit Awards, winning the 2009 Best Single for \"The Promise\".\nThe group's musical style is pop, but they had experimented with electropop and dance-pop throughout their career. Girls Aloud's collaborations with Brian Higgins and his songwriting and production team Xenomania earned the group critical acclaim, due to an innovative approach to mainstream pop music. The group became one of the few UK reality television acts to achieve continued success, amassing a fortune of \u00a330 million by May 2010. Guinness World Records lists them as \"Most Successful Reality TV Group\" in the 2007 edition. They also hold the record for \"Most Consecutive Top Ten Entries in the UK by a Female Group\" in the 2008 edition, and are credited again for \"Most Successful Reality TV Group\" in the 2011 edition. The group was also named the United Kingdom's biggest selling girl group of the 21st century, with over 4.3 million singles sales and 4 million albums sold in the UK alone. The group disbanded in March 2013 following the conclusion of the Ten: The Hits Tour.", "Q1026017": "Caitlin Cary (born October 28, 1968) is an alternative country musician from Seville, Ohio.", "Q120105": "The Woodsman is a 2004 American drama film directed and co-written (with Steven Fechter) by Nicole Kassell, based on Fechter's play of the same name. The film stars Kevin Bacon as a convicted child molester who must adjust to life after prison. Its name refers to the woodsman from the fairy tale of Little Red Riding Hood who kills the wolf to save the titular child.", "Q88067": "Otto Buek (November 19, 1873 \u2013 1966) was a German philosopher and translator born in St. Petersburg.\nHe studied philosophy, chemistry and mathematics at the University of Heidelberg, and obtained his doctorate from the University of Marburg. Later he worked as a journalist in Berlin, where he translated works of Tolstoy, Unamuno and Alexander Herzen. Additionally, with Kurt Wildhagen (1871\u20131949), he edited works by Turgenev, Gogol and two volumes of Ernst Cassirer's edition of Kant's collected writings. During the 1920s, he worked as a correspondent for the Argentine newspaper La Naci\u00f3n.\nFrom a philosophical standpoint, Buek was an advocate of neo-Kantianism, and as a young man was a disciple of Marburg philosopher Hermann Cohen (1848\u20131918). He was friends to physiologist and pacifist Georg Friedrich Nicolai (1874\u20131964), and only one of three intellectuals in Germany who signed Nicolai's 1914 anti-war counter-manifesto, Aufruf an die Europ\u00e4er. The other two being physicist Albert Einstein and astronomer Wilhelm Julius Foerster.", "Q90628": "Otloh of St Emmeram (also Othlo) (c. 1010 \u2013 c. 1072) was a Benedictine monk of St Emmeram's in Regensburg, known as a scholar and educator.", "Q183862": "Metalcore (or metallic hardcore) is a fusion music genre that combines elements of extreme metal and hardcore punk together. Among other styles blending metal and hardcore, such as crust punk and grindcore, metalcore is noted for its use of breakdowns, which are slow, intense passages conducive to moshing. Other defining instrumentation includes heavy guitar riffs, occasional blast beats, and double bass drumming. Vocalists in the genre typically perform yelling or screaming. Some later metalcore bands often combine this with the use of clean singing, with the singing often happening during the chorus of the song. Death growls and gang vocals also are somewhat common types of vocals in metalcore. 1990s metalcore bands are heavily inspired by hardcore while later metalcore bands were inspired heavily by melodic death metal. Melodic death metal bands like At the Gates and In Flames influenced later metalcore bands.\nThe roots of metalcore go back to the 1980s when bands would combine hardcore punk with heavy metal. This included New York hardcore bands like Agnostic Front, Cro-Mags, and Killing Time, British hardcore punk bands like The Exploited and Discharge, and American crossover thrash bands like Dirty Rotten Imbeciles and Suicidal Tendencies. The genre emerged in the early 1990s and expanded in the mid\u2013late 1990s. Metalcore bands like Integrity, Earth Crisis, Hatebreed, Converge, Shai Hulud, Vision of Disorder, Merauder, and Disembodied all emerged and acquired underground success in the 1990s. \nIn the mid-2000s, metalcore became one of the most popular heavy metal subgenres with the success of bands like Bleeding Through, Avenged Sevenfold, Killswitch Engage, Hatebreed, Atreyu, Shadows Fall, As I Lay Dying, Unearth, Trivium, Bullet for My Valentine, and All That Remains. Metalcore's popularity continued in the 2010s with the success of bands like Asking Alexandria, August Burns Red, and The Devil Wears Prada. Metalcore subgenres like deathcore, easycore and electronicore also emerged in the 2000s decade. Other subgenres of metalcore include mathcore, nu metalcore, melodic metalcore and progressive metalcore\n\n", "Q804815": "Adalbert Goldscheider (5 September 1848 \u2013 22 March 1916), better known by his pseudonym Balduin Groller, was an Austrian journalist and author as well as the founder of the Austrian Olympic Committee.", "Q89379": "Antje R\u00e1vik Strubel, also known as Antje R\u00e1vic Strubel (born April 12, 1974, in Potsdam, German Democratic Republic), is a German writer, translator, and literary critic. She lives in Potsdam.\n\n", "Q1016": "Libya ( (listen); Arabic: \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u200e, romanized: L\u012bbiy\u0101), officially the State of Libya (Arabic: \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u200e, romanized: Dawlat L\u012bbiy\u0101), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. The sovereign state is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost 1.8 million square kilometres (700,000 sq mi), Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people. The second-largest city is Benghazi, which is located in eastern Libya. The Latin name Libya is based on the name the region west of the Nile (\u039b\u03b9\u03b2\u03cd\u03b7) used by the Ancient Greeks and Romans for all of North Africa, and was again adopted during the period of Italian colonization beginning in 1911.\nLibya has been inhabited by Berbers since the late Bronze Age as descendants from Iberomaurusian and Capsian cultures. The Phoenicians established trading posts in western Libya, and ancient Greek colonists established city-states in eastern Libya. Libya was variously ruled by Carthaginians, Persians, Egyptians and Greeks before becoming a part of the Roman Empire. Libya was an early centre of Christianity. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the area of Libya was mostly occupied by the Vandals until the 7th century, when invasions brought Islam to the region. In the 16th century, the Spanish Empire and the Knights of St John occupied Tripoli, until Ottoman rule began in 1551. Libya was involved in the Barbary Wars of the 18th and 19th centuries. Ottoman rule continued until the Italo-Turkish War, which resulted in the Italian occupation of Libya and the establishment of two colonies, Italian Tripolitania and Italian Cyrenaica (1911\u20131934), later unified in the Italian Libya colony from 1934 to 1947. During the Second World War, Libya was an important area of warfare in the North African Campaign. The Italian population then went into decline.\nLibya became independent as a kingdom in 1951. A military coup in 1969 overthrew King Idris I. The \"bloodless\" coup leader Muammar Gaddafi ruled the country from 1969 and the Libyan Cultural Revolution in 1973 until he was overthrown and killed in the 2011 Libyan Civil War. Two authorities initially claimed to govern Libya: the House of Representatives in Tobruk and the 2014 General National Congress (GNC) in Tripoli, which considered itself the continuation of the General National Congress, elected in 2012. After UN-led peace talks between the Tobruk and Tripoli governments, a unified interim UN-backed Government of National Accord was established in 2015, and the GNC disbanded to support it. Since then, a second civil war has broken out, with parts of Libya split between the Tobruk and Tripoli-based governments, as well as various tribal and Islamist militias. As of July 2017, talks are still ongoing between the GNA and the Tobruk-based authorities to end the strife and unify the divided establishments of the state, including the Libyan National Army and the Central Bank of Libya.Libya is a member of the United Nations (since 1955), the Non-Aligned Movement, the Arab League, the OIC and OPEC. The country's official religion is Islam, with 96.6% of the Libyan population being Sunni Muslims.", "Q6476470": "William Edmunds (July 15, 1886 \u2013 December 7, 1981) was an Italian stage and screen character actor, typically playing roles with heavy accents (generally Italian, Spanish, and French), most notable as Mr. Giuseppe Martini in It's a Wonderful Life.", "Q14528": "Fine Young Cannibals were a British rock music band formed in Birmingham, England, in 1984, by bassist David Steele, guitarist Andy Cox (both formerly of The Beat), and singer Roland Gift (formerly of the Akrylykz). Their self-titled 1985 debut album contained \"Johnny Come Home\" and a cover of \"Suspicious Minds\", two songs that were top 40 hits in the UK, Canada, Australia and many European countries. Their 1989 album, The Raw & the Cooked, topped the UK and US album charts, and contained their two Billboard Hot 100 number ones: \"She Drives Me Crazy\" and \"Good Thing\".In 1990 the band won two Brit Awards: Best British Group, and Best British Album (for The Raw & the Cooked). Their name came from the 1960 film All the Fine Young Cannibals starring Robert Wagner and Natalie Wood.", "Q515349": "Pietro Ferrero (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8pj\u025b\u02d0tro fer\u02c8r\u025b\u02d0ro]; 11 September 1963 \u2013 18 April 2011) was the joint CEO (with his brother Giovanni) of Italian confectionery company Ferrero SpA, from 1997 until his death in April 2011.\n\nFerrero was born in Turin, the elder son of Michele Ferrero, who raised the firm to its position as a global leader. In 1985, he began working for Ferrero, and in 1992 had risen to be in charge of European operations. He became one of the company's two CEOs in 1997, along with his brother Giovanni.On 18 April 2011, Pietro Ferrero died in South Africa near Twelve Apostles Hotel in Camps Bay, suburb of Cape Town after fainting and falling off his bike.", "Q41267": "Mar\u00eda Soraya S\u00e1enz de Santamar\u00eda Ant\u00f3n (born 10 June 1971) is a Spanish politician of the People's Party who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Spain and Minister of the Presidency from 2011 to 2018. She was member of the Congress of Deputies representing Madrid from 2004 until 2018.\n\n", "Q84885": "Hermann Freiherr von Spaun (9 May 1833 \u2013 28 May 1919) was an admiral in the Austro-Hungarian Navy. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian Navy from December 1897 to October 1904.", "Q2450626": "Mysterious Island (also called Jules Verne's Mysterious Island) is a 2005 television film made for Hallmark Channel that is based on Jules Verne's novel of the same name (L'\u00cele myst\u00e9rieuse). It was filmed in Thailand and directed by Russell Mulcahy.", "Q85543": "Rainer Wieland (born 19 February 1957) is a German politician and member of the European Parliament for Germany. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.\n\n", "Q1319539": "Thomas Patrick Lennon (born August 9, 1970) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer, director and novelist. As an actor he is best known for his work as a cast member on MTV's The State, for his role as Lieutenant Jim Dangle on the Comedy Central series Reno 911! and as Felix Unger on the CBS series The Odd Couple. Lennon is also an accomplished screenwriter of several major studio comedies with writing partner Robert Ben Garant. Their films include comedies such as the Night at the Museum films, The Pacifier, Balls of Fury, and Baywatch.", "Q175892": "Sir Arthur Alexander Foulkes (born 11 May 1928) was the Governor-General of the Bahamas from 2012 to 2014.Foulkes was elected to the House of Assembly in 1967 and served in the government of Lynden Pindling as Minister of Communications and Minister of Tourism. In 1971, he was a founder of the Free National Movement, and he was appointed to the Senate in 1972 and 1977 before returning to the House of Assembly in 1982. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (KCMG) in 2001. He was promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (GCMG) in 2011.\n\n", "Q66800": "Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer (16 July 1896 \u2013 8 August 1969) was a German human biologist and geneticist, who was the Professor of Human Genetics at the University of M\u00fcnster until he retired in 1965. A member of the Dutch noble Verschuer family, his title Freiherr is often translated as baron.\nHe was regarded as a pioneer in the twin methodology of genetics research and in the study of the inheritance of diseases and anomalies. A eugenicist with an interest in racial hygiene, he was an advocate of compulsory sterilization programs in the first half of the 20th century. Among his many students was Josef Mengele.\nHe successfully redefined himself as a geneticist in the postwar era. During the 1950s and 1960s, he was known for research on the effects of nuclear radiation on humans and for his warnings against the possibility of creating \"scientifically improved\" human beings offered by genetic science.\nVerschuer was the director of the Institute for Genetic Biology and Racial Hygiene from 1935 to 1942 and director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics from 1942 to 1948. From 1951 to 1965, he was Professor of Human Genetics at the University of M\u00fcnster, where he also served as Dean of the Faculty of Medicine. At M\u00fcnster, he established one of the largest centers of genetics research in West Germany, and remained one of the world's most prominent genetics researchers until his death. He became Professor Emeritus in 1965; he received numerous memberships in learned societies. In 1952 he was elected President of the German Anthropological Association. His son Helmut von Verschuer was a high-ranking official of the European Commission.", "Q847938": "Ernest Thomas Bethell (3 November 1872 \u2013 1 May 1909), who is also known by his Korean name Bae Seol (\ubc30\uc124, \u88f5\u8aaa), was a British journalist who founded a newspaper, The Korea Daily News, antagonistic to Japanese rule.\n\n", "Q3773408": "Good Life Recordings is a Belgian independent record label which was founded in 1996 by Edward Verhaeghe, who had been the lead vocalist of Nations on Fire. The label specializes in hardcore punk bands. It has released albums by the majority of the signed bands that are part of H8000. Between 2000 and 2003 Good Life made a deal with Trustkill Records to release limited picture discs and compilations of some of its bands.", "Q3408764": "Pre-Code Hollywood was the brief era in the American film industry between the widespread adoption of sound in pictures in 1929 and the enforcement of the Motion Picture Production Code censorship guidelines, popularly known as the \"Hays Code\", in mid-1934. Although the Code was adopted in 1930, oversight was poor, and it did not become rigorously enforced until July 1, 1934, with the establishment of the Production Code Administration (PCA). Before that date, movie content was restricted more by local laws, negotiations between the Studio Relations Committee (SRC) and the major studios, and popular opinion, than by strict adherence to the Hays Code, which was often ignored by Hollywood filmmakers.\nAs a result, some films in the late 1920s and early 1930s depicted or implied sexual innuendo, romantic and sexual relationships between white and black people, mild profanity, illegal drug use, promiscuity, prostitution, infidelity, abortion, intense violence, and homosexuality. Nefarious characters were seen to profit from their deeds, in some cases without significant repercussions. For example, gangsters in films like The Public Enemy, Little Caesar, and Scarface were seen by many as heroic rather than evil. Strong female characters were ubiquitous in such pre-Code films as Female, Baby Face, and Red-Headed Woman. Along with featuring stronger female characters, films examined female subject matters that would not be revisited until decades later in US films. Many of Hollywood's biggest stars such as Clark Gable, Barbara Stanwyck, Joan Blondell, and Edward G. Robinson got their start in the era. Other stars who excelled during this period, however, like Ruth Chatterton (who decamped to England) and Warren William (the so-called \"king of Pre-Code\", who died in 1948), would wind up essentially forgotten by the general public within a generation.Beginning in late 1933 and escalating throughout the first half of 1934, American Roman Catholics launched a campaign against what they deemed the immorality of American cinema. This, plus a potential government takeover of film censorship and social research seeming to indicate that movies which were seen to be immoral could promote bad behavior, was enough pressure to force the studios to capitulate to greater oversight.", "Q1457419": "Rakowicki Cemetery (English: Racko-vitzky; Polish: Cmentarz Rakowicki) is a historic necropolis and a cultural heritage monument located on 26 Rakowicka Street in the centre of Krak\u00f3w, Poland. It lies within the Administrative District No. 1 Stare Miasto meaning \"Old Town\" \u2013 distinct from the Krak\u00f3w Old Town situated further south. Founded at the beginning of the 19th century when the region was part of Austrian Galicia, the cemetery was expanded several times, and at present covers an area of about 42 hectares. Many notable Cracovians, among them the parents of Pope John Paul II, are buried here.", "Q57405": "Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (Javanese: [susi\u026d\u0254 b\u0325amb\u0325a\u014b ju\u0256\u0325\u0254j\u0254n\u0254] (listen); born 9 September 1949), commonly referred to by his initials SBY, is an Indonesian politician and retired Army general who served as the sixth president of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014. He is currently the chairman of the Democratic Party of Indonesia and President of the Assembly and Chair of the Council of the Global Green Growth Institute. Yudhoyono was also the former Chairman of ASEAN due to Indonesia hosting the 18th and 19th ASEAN Summits.\nYudhoyono won the 2004 presidential election, defeating incumbent President Megawati Sukarnoputri. He was sworn into office on 20 October 2004, together with Jusuf Kalla as Vice-President. He ran for re-election in 2009 with Boediono as his running mate, and won with an outright majority of the votes in the first round of balloting; he was sworn in for a second term on 20 October 2009.", "Q578827": "John Fitch (January 21, 1743 \u2013 July 2, 1798) was an American inventor, clockmaker, entrepreneur and engineer. He was most famous for operating the first steamboat service in the United States. The first boat was 45 feet long it was tested on the Delaware river by John Fitch and his design assistant Steven Pagano.", "Q92981": "Gerald Jay Sussman (born February 8, 1947) is the Panasonic Professor of Electrical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He received his S.B. and Ph.D. degrees in mathematics from MIT in 1968 and 1973 respectively. He has been involved in artificial intelligence (AI) research at MIT since 1964. His research has centered on understanding the problem-solving strategies used by scientists and engineers, with the goals of automating parts of the process and formalizing it to provide more effective methods of science and engineering education. Sussman has also worked in computer languages, in computer architecture and in Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design.", "Q15949613": "A short story is a piece of prose fiction that typically can be read in one sitting and focuses on a self-contained incident or series of linked incidents, with the intent of evoking a \"single effect\" or mood.\nA dictionary definition is \"an invented prose narrative shorter than a novel usually dealing with a few characters and aiming at unity of effect and often concentrating on the creation of mood rather than plot.\"The short story is a crafted form in its own right. Short stories make use of plot, resonance, and other dynamic components as in a novel, but typically to a lesser degree. While the short story is largely distinct from the novel or novella (a shorter novel), authors generally draw from a common pool of literary techniques.\nShort story writers may define their works as part of the artistic and personal expression of the form. They may also attempt to resist categorization by genre and fixed formation.\nShort stories have deep roots and the power of short fiction has been recognised in modern society for hundreds of years. The short form is, conceivably, more natural to us than longer forms. We are drawn to short stories as the well-told story, and as William Boyd, the award-winning British author and short story writer has said:\n\n[short stories] seem to answer something very deep in our nature as if, for the duration of its telling, something special has been created, some essence of our experience extrapolated, some temporary sense has been made of our common, turbulent journey towards the grave and oblivion.\nIn terms of length, word count is typically anywhere from 1,000 to 4,000 for short stories, however some have 20,000 words and are still classed as short stories. Stories of fewer than 1,000 words are sometimes referred to as \"short short stories\", or \"flash fiction\".", "Q172643": "Eugene Wesley (Jud) Larson (January 21, 1923 Grand Prairie, Texas \u2013 June 11, 1966 Reading, Pennsylvania) was an American racecar driver.\nLarson drove in the USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1956-1959 and 1964-1965 seasons with 53 starts, including the 1958 and 1959 Indianapolis 500 races. He finished in the top ten 38 times, with 7 victories.\nLarson died as a result of injuries sustained in a sprint car crash that also claimed the life of Red Riegel.", "Q975020": "Yukinori Taniguchi (\u8c37\u53e3 \u884c\u898f, Taniguchi Yukinori, born September 27, 1968 in Hiroshima, Hiroshima) is a Japanese businessperson and auto racing driver. He founded Yuke's, a video game developer company, in Sakai, Osaka in 1993.", "Q1640877": "Joseph Anthony Fatone Jr. (born January 28, 1977) is an American singer, dancer, actor, and television personality. He is best known as a member of the boyband NSYNC, in which he sang baritone. In 2007, he came in second place on the ABC reality show Dancing with the Stars. He was the host of the U.S. and Australian versions of The Singing Bee, which aired on NBC in the U.S. Fatone was also the announcer for the game show Family Feud from 2010 to 2015. Fatone previously hosted on Food Network's Rewrapped, Live Well Network's My Family Recipe Rocks, and The Price Is Right Live! at Bally's Las Vegas.", "Q3167": "Siegen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8zi\u02d0\u0261n\u0329] (listen)) is a city in Germany, in the south Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia.\nIt is located in the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein in the Arnsberg region. The university town (nearly 20000 students in the 2018\u20132019 winter semester) is the district seat, and is ranked as a \"higher centre\" in the South Westphalian urban agglomeration.\nIn 1975, municipal reforms and amalgamations lifted Siegen's population above the 100,000 mark.", "Q29871": "Life or Something Like It is a 2002 American romantic comedy/drama film directed by Stephen Herek. The film focuses on television reporter Lanie Kerrigan (Angelina Jolie) and her quest to find meaning in her life. The original music score was composed by David Newman. The film's taglines are: \"Destiny is what you make of it\" and \"What if you had only 7 days to live?\"", "Q85225": "Heinrich Ritter von Wittek (29 January 1844 \u2013 9 April 1930) was an Austrian politician of the Christian Social Party (CS). He served as head of the k.k. Railway Ministry and as Minister-President of Cisleithania for four weeks in 1899/1900.", "Q444674": "Jean Francisque-\u00c9tienne Martinon (usually known simply as Jean Martinon (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0251\u0303 ma\u0281tin\u0254\u0303]); 10 January 1910 \u2013 1 March 1976) was a French conductor and composer.", "Q92759": "Lawrence Joseph Ellison (born August 17, 1944) is an American business magnate, investor, and philanthropist who is a co-founder and the executive chairman and chief technology officer (CTO) of Oracle Corporation. As of October 2019, he was listed by Forbes magazine as the fourth-wealthiest person in the United States and as the sixth-wealthiest in the world, with a fortune of $69.1 billion, increased from $54.5 billion in 2018.", "Q2723670": "Ain Shams University (Arabic: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u200e) is an institute of higher education located in Cairo, Egypt. Founded in 1950, the university provides education at the undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate levels.", "Q720438": "Przemys\u0142aw Saleta (born 7 March 1968) is a Polish professional boxer, as well as a former kickboxer and mixed martial artist.\n\n", "Q27684": "Peter Forssk\u00e5l, sometimes spelled Pehr Forssk\u00e5l, Peter Forskaol, Petrus Forsk\u00e5l or Pehr Forssk\u00e5hl (11 January 1732 \u2013 11 July 1763) was a Swedish explorer, orientalist, naturalist, and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus.\n\n", "Q36951": "S\u00e1ndor M\u00e1rai [\u02c8\u0283a\u02d0ndor \u02c8ma\u02d0r\u0252i] (originally S\u00e1ndor K\u00e1roly Henrik Grosschmid de M\u00e1ra, archaically English: Alexander M\u00e1rai; 11 April 1900 \u2013 21 February 1989) was a Hungarian writer and journalist.", "Q55574": "Zsolt Semj\u00e9n (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u0292olt \u02c8\u0283\u025bmje\u02d0n]; born 8 August 1962) is a Hungarian politician, currently minister without portfolio and Deputy Prime Minister in the second, third and fourth cabinet of Prime Minister Viktor Orb\u00e1n. Semj\u00e9n is the leader of the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP) since 2003, which formed a coalition and alliance with Fidesz.", "Q1770": "Tallinn (; Estonian: [\u02c8t\u0251l\u02b2\u02d1in\u02d1]; names in other languages) is the capital, primate and the most populous city of Estonia. Located in the northern part of the country, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, it has a population of 434,562. Administratively a part of Harju maakond (county), Tallinn is the main financial, industrial, cultural, educational and research centre of Estonia. Tallinn is located 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Helsinki, Finland, 320 kilometres (200 mi) west of Saint Petersburg, Russia, 300 kilometres (190 mi) north of Riga, Latvia, and 380 kilometres (240 mi) east of Stockholm, Sweden. It has close historical ties with these four cities. From the 13th century until the first half of the 20th century Tallinn was known in most of the world by its historical German name Reval. \nTallinn, first mentioned in 1219, received city rights in 1248, but the earliest human settlements date back 5,000 years. The first recorded claim over the land was laid by Denmark in 1219, after a successful raid of Lyndanisse led by king Valdemar II, followed by a period of alternating Scandinavian and Teutonic rulers. Due to its strategic location, the city became a major trade hub, especially from the 14th to the 16th century, when it grew in importance as part of the Hanseatic League. Tallinn's Old Town is one of the best preserved medieval cities in Europe and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Tallinn has the highest number of start-ups per person among European countries and is a birthplace of many international high technology companies, including Skype and Transferwise. The city is to house the headquarters of the European Union's IT agency. Providing to the global cybersecurity it is the home to the NATO Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence.\nTallinn is ranked as a global city and has been listed among the top ten digital cities in the world. The city was a European Capital of Culture for 2011, along with Turku in Finland.", "Q1673265": "Irvine \"Irv\" Robbins (December 6, 1917 \u2013 May 5, 2008) was a Canadian-born American businessman. He co-founded the Baskin-Robbins ice cream parlor chain in 1945 with his partner and brother-in-law Burt Baskin.", "Q379962": "Kateb Yacine (Arabic pronunciation: [k\u00e6\u02d0tb j\u00e6\u02d0si\u02d0n] (August 2, 1929 or August 6, 1929 \u2013 October 28, 1989) was an Algerian Berber writer notable for his novels and plays, both in French and Algerian Arabic, and his advocacy of the Berber cause.", "Q87432": "Florian David Fitz (born Florian Ingo Ulrich Fitz; November 20, 1974) is a German actor, screenwriter and film director.", "Q53105": "Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442, romanized: Moskva slezam ne verit) is a 1980 Soviet film made by Mosfilm. It was written by Valentin Chernykh and directed by Vladimir Menshov. The leading roles were played by Vera Alentova and by Aleksey Batalov. The film won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1981.", "Q1132076": "Cam Pipes is a Canadian heavy metal musician, who performed as the lead vocalist and bassist in the Canadian heavy metal band 3 Inches of Blood. He performs a falsetto vocal style reminiscent of Udo Dirkschneider and King Diamond. Pipes was the only member of 3 Inches of Blood to have been featured on all of their albums, although he was not a founding member of the band.\nPipes' influences include Iron Maiden, Twisted Sister, Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, Accept and classical music.\nPipes formerly played bass for black metal band Allfather.\nPipes was also known for playing El Diablo Azul on all three Meat Market films.\nHe was a guest star in the musical comedy Metalocalypse on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim.", "Q98512": "Christoph Silber (often referred to as Chris Silber) is a British-German film producer, screenwriter and director based in Los Angeles. Rated among \"Europe's hottest new screenwriters\" by Screen International, he frequently collaborates on projects in the United States.", "Q358774": "Arthur Anoa\u02bbi Sr. (born November 21, 1942) is a Samoan American retired professional wrestler and professional wrestling manager. Since retiring, he has operated the World Xtreme Wrestling promotion and trained wrestlers at the Wild Samoan Training Center.", "Q161159": "Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Sophia Charlotte; 19 May 1744 \u2013 17 November 1818) was the wife of King George III. She was Queen of Great Britain and Ireland from her wedding in 1761 until the union of the two kingdoms in 1801, after which she was queen consort of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until her death in 1818. She was also the Electress consort of Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire until the promotion of her husband to King of Hanover on 12 October 1814, after which she was also queen consort of Hanover.\nCharlotte was a patron of the arts and an amateur botanist who helped expand Kew Gardens. She was distressed by her husband's bouts of physical and mental illness, which became permanent in later life and resulted in their eldest son George's appointment as Prince Regent in 1811. George III and Charlotte had 15 children in total, 13 of whom survived to adulthood. They included two future British monarchs, George IV and William IV; Charlotte, Queen of W\u00fcrttemberg; Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the father of Queen Victoria; and Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover.", "Q780842": "Malcolm Stevenson \"Steve\" Forbes Jr. (; born July 18, 1947) is an American publishing executive. Forbes was a candidate in the 1996 and 2000 Republican Presidential primaries. Forbes is the Editor-in-Chief of Forbes, a business magazine. Forbes is the son of longtime Forbes publisher Malcolm Forbes, and the grandson of that publication's founder, B.C. Forbes. He is an adviser at the Forbes School of Business & Technology.", "Q99618": "Gerhard Hildebrand (born 1877), was a controversial German socialist.", "Q4911169": "William Arthur Torrey (June 23, 1934 \u2013 May 2, 2018) was a Canadian hockey executive. He served as a general manager in the National Hockey League for the Oakland Seals, New York Islanders, and Florida Panthers. He developed the Islanders into a dynasty that won four consecutive Stanley Cups. He was often known as \"The Architect\", and \"Bow-Tie\" Bill, after the signature bow tie he always wore.\n\n", "Q1764": "Reykjav\u00edk ( RAYK-y\u0259-vik, -\u2060veek; Icelandic: [\u02c8rei\u02d0ca\u02ccvi\u02d0k] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Iceland. It is located in southwestern Iceland, on the southern shore of Faxafl\u00f3i bay. Its latitude is 64\u00b008' N, making it the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state. With a population of around 131,136 (and 233,034 in the Capital Region), it is the center of Iceland's cultural, economic, and governmental activity, and is a popular tourist destination.\nReykjav\u00edk is believed to be the location of the first permanent settlement in Iceland, which, according to Landn\u00e1mab\u00f3k, was established by Ing\u00f3lfr Arnarson in AD 874. Until the 19th century, there was no urban development in the city location. The city was founded in 1785 as an official trading town and grew steadily over the following decades, as it transformed into a regional and later national centre of commerce, population, and governmental activities. It is among the cleanest, greenest, and safest cities in the world.", "Q139326": "The Wrestler is a 2008 American sports drama film directed and produced by Darren Aronofsky, written by Robert Siegel, and starring Mickey Rourke, Marisa Tomei, and Evan Rachel Wood. Production began in January 2008 and Fox Searchlight Pictures acquired rights to distribute the film in the U.S.; it was released in a limited capacity on December 17, 2008, and was released nationwide on January 23, 2009. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on April 21, 2009, in the United States. It was released in the United Kingdom on January 16, 2009.Rourke plays an aging professional wrestler who, despite his failing health and waning fame, continues to wrestle in an attempt to cling to the success of his 1980s heyday. He also tries to mend his relationship with his estranged daughter and to find romance with a woman who works as a stripper.The film received critical acclaim and won the Golden Lion Award at the 65th Venice International Film Festival, where it premiered. Film critic Roger Ebert called it one of the year's best films, while Rotten Tomatoes reported that 98% of critics gave the film positive reviews. The success of the film revitalized the career of Mickey Rourke, who went on to receive a BAFTA award, a Golden Globe Award, an Independent Spirit Award and an Oscar nomination for Best Actor. Tomei also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.\n\n", "Q91244": "Elard Kurt Maria F\u00fcrchtegott von Oldenburg-Januschau (20 March 1855 - 16 August 1937) was a German Junker and conservative politician.", "Q53111": "Milo\u0161 Kopeck\u00fd (Czech) (22 August 1922 in Prague \u2013 16 February 1996 in Prague) was a Czech actor, active mainly in the second half of the 20th century.", "Q75868": "Arnold Zweig (10 November 1887 \u2013 26 November 1968) was a German writer, pacifist and socialist. \nHe is best known for his six-part cycle on World War I.", "Q98506": "B\u00e9la Andreas R\u00e9thy (born 14 December 1956 in Vienna) is a German sports reporter of Hungarian ancestry.", "Q552770": "Oliver Stanley Murs (born 14 May 1984) is an English singer, songwriter, composer, dancer, television presenter, author and voice actor. He first came to national attention for coming second in the sixth series of The X Factor in 2009. He is currently signed to RCA Records and Sony Music UK in the United Kingdom, and Columbia Records in the United States.\nIn 2010, Murs released his debut single \"Please Don't Let Me Go\", which debuted at number one on the UK Singles Charts and received a Gold certification by the BPI. It was Murs' first number one single after \"You Are Not Alone\" with the other series 6 finalists. His second single from his debut album, \"Thinking of Me\" charted at the top on the UK Singles Charts and received a Silver certification by the BPI. \"Heart Skips a Beat\" was his second number-one single. Murs' second single from his next album, \"Dance with Me Tonight\", became his fourth to reach number one.\nIn November 2010, Murs released his self-titled debut album, Olly Murs, which entered the UK Albums Chart at number two, with the biggest week one album sales for a debut album in 2010, with over 108,000 albums sold. The album went on to sell over 600,000 copies, and was certified double platinum by the BPI. In November 2011, Murs' released his second album, In Case You Didn't Know, which entered the charts at number one and resulted in two number-one singles. \nAs of December 2014, Murs has sold over 10 million records worldwide. In May 2011, it was announced that Murs would return to The X Factor to co-present the spin-off show The Xtra Factor with Caroline Flack. His autobiography, Happy Days, was published in October 2012. In November 2012, Murs released his third album Right Place Right Time, and released 6 singles from it; the first, \"Troublemaker\", was his fourth number one.\nOn 16 November 2014, Murs released the single, \"Wrapped Up\" featuring Gym Class Heroes' Travie McCoy, which peaked at number 3. This was to be the first song to be released from his new album Never Been Better which entered the charts at number 1 on 24 September 2014, followed by a second single, \"Up\" featuring American singer Demi Lovato which peaked within the top 4. Murs also announced that he would tour the UK in spring 2015. On 15 June, Murs released his fourth single \"Beautiful to Me\" in which the music video included Game of Thrones actress Charlotte Hope. On 16 April 2015, it was announced that Murs would be reunited with Flack to replace Dermot O'Leary as co-presenters of The X Factor from series 12. Murs later released his fifth studio album, 24 Hrs, which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart.", "Q7315": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (English: chy-KOF-skee; Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, tr. P\u00ebtr Il\u02b9i\u010d \u010cajkovskij, IPA: [p\u02b2\u0275tr \u026al\u02b2\u02c8jit\u0255 t\u0255\u026aj\u02c8kofsk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen); 7 May [O.S. 25 April] 1840 \u2013 6 November [O.S. 25 October] 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, bolstered by his appearances as a guest conductor in Europe and the United States. He was honored in 1884 by Tsar Alexander III, and awarded a lifetime pension.\nAlthough musically precocious, Tchaikovsky was educated for a career as a civil servant. There was scant opportunity for a musical career in Russia at that time and no system of public music education. When an opportunity for such an education arose, he entered the nascent Saint Petersburg Conservatory, from which he graduated in 1865. The formal Western-oriented teaching he received there set him apart from composers of the contemporary nationalist movement embodied by the Russian composers of The Five, with whom his professional relationship was mixed. Tchaikovsky's training set him on a path to reconcile what he had learned with the native musical practices to which he had been exposed from childhood. From this reconciliation he forged a personal but unmistakably Russian style\u2014a task that did not prove easy. The principles that governed melody, harmony and other fundamentals of Russian music ran completely counter to those that governed Western European music; this seemed to defeat the potential for using Russian music in large-scale Western composition or for forming a composite style, and it caused personal antipathies that dented Tchaikovsky's self-confidence. Russian culture exhibited a split personality, with its native and adopted elements having drifted apart increasingly since the time of Peter the Great. This resulted in uncertainty among the intelligentsia about the country's national identity\u2014an ambiguity mirrored in Tchaikovsky's career.\nDespite his many popular successes, Tchaikovsky's life was punctuated by personal crises and depression. Contributory factors included his early separation from his mother for boarding school followed by his mother's early death, the death of his close friend and colleague Nikolai Rubinstein, and the collapse of the one enduring relationship of his adult life, which was his 13-year association with the wealthy widow Nadezhda von Meck who was his patron even though they never actually met each other. His homosexuality, which he kept private, has traditionally also been considered a major factor, though some musicologists now downplay its importance. Tchaikovsky's sudden death at the age of 53 is generally ascribed to cholera; there is an ongoing debate as to whether cholera was indeed the cause of death, and whether his death was accidental or self-inflicted.\nWhile his music has remained popular among audiences, critical opinions were initially mixed. Some Russians did not feel it was sufficiently representative of native musical values and expressed suspicion that Europeans accepted the music for its Western elements. In an apparent reinforcement of the latter claim, some Europeans lauded Tchaikovsky for offering music more substantive than base exoticism and said he transcended stereotypes of Russian classical music. Others dismissed Tchaikovsky's music as \"lacking in elevated thought\" and derided its formal workings as deficient because they did not stringently follow Western principles.", "Q179702": "Pope John XVIII (Latin: Ioannes XVIII; died June or July 1009) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from January 1004 (25 December 1003 NS) to his abdication in July 1009. He wielded little temporal power, ruling during the struggle between John Crescentius and Emperor Henry II for the control of Rome.", "Q97635": "Marco K\u00f6stler (born March 12, 1973) is a German musician. He works predominantly as keyboardist, drummer, singer and sound mixer.K\u00f6stler originally comes from Waldershof. He was member of the Regensburger Domspatzen and attended the Domspatzen's music gymnasium (secondary school) in Regensburg in his youth.K\u00f6stler is active in several studio projects, for example at Moodorama and bands as Schinderhannes (since 1997), Groove Suite, B\u00fcrgermeista & Die Gemeinder\u00e4te and King Banana (since 2009 U-cee & The Royal Family).", "Q124411": "Ferdinand Berthoud (18 March 1727, in Plancemont-sur-Couvet (Principality of Neuch\u00e2tel) \u2013 20 June 1807, in Groslay (Val d'Oise)), was a scientist and watchmaker. He became master watchmaker in Paris in 1753. Berthoud, who held the position of Horologist-Mechanic by appointment to the King and the Navy, left behind him an exceptionally broad body of work, in particular in the field of sea chronometers.", "Q78394": "Carl Oskar Ursinus (11 March 1877 \u2013 6 July 1952) was a pioneer of German aviation and is remembered mainly for his contributions to sailplane designs and the sport of gliding. He has been nicknamed the Rh\u00f6nvater (\"Rh\u00f6n father\") because he founded Germany\u2019s first gliding club at the Wasserkuppe in the Rh\u00f6n Mountains in 1920.Ursinus was born in Wei\u00dfenfels and attended Technical College in Mittweida. After graduation, he worked for Borsig on compressors for locomotives and spent some time working on mining machinery in Romania for the firm. \nIn 1908, back in Germany, Ursinus began to publish a magazine titled Flugsport (\u201cSports Flying\u201d), since he had become fascinated by the new technology of flight. The magazine helped establish a network amongst Germany\u2019s aviation enthusiasts and led to the organisation of Germany\u2019s first international airshow. \nHe was conscripted into the German Army in 1914 and requested a position in aircraft design. The request was approved and he was posted to Gothaer Waggonfabrik designing warplanes. The famous series of Gotha bombers used by the German air corps throughout World War I were all based on an Ursinus design of 1915 that was refined and manufactured as the Gotha G.I. Ursinus' real passion, however, was for seaplanes, and in 1916 he designed a revolutionary seaplane fighter with retractable floats that was unfortunately destroyed before testing was complete.\nFollowing the war, the Treaty of Versailles prohibited Germany from building powered aircraft, and the attention of German aviators therefore turned to gliding. A plateau particularly suited to gliding, the Wasserkuppe, became a focal point for this activity, and in 1920, Ursinus organised a competition there. Twenty-four people attended the meeting between 15 July and 15 September 1920 including Wolf Hirth and other gliding pioneers. (see also Rh\u00f6n-Rossitten Gesellschaft.)\nOver the next decade, this grew in importance to become an international event. Ursinus also constructed the first clubhouse on the Wasserkuppe in 1924. He was pursuing experiments in human-powered flight when the outbreak of World War II intervened.\nFollowing the war, powered flying was once again forbidden in Germany, but Ursinus lived just long enough to see this prohibition lifted.\nToday, he is regarded in Germany as the father of gliding, and Germany\u2019s association for homebuilt aircraft, the Oskar Ursinus-Vereinigung (\"Oskar Ursinus Association\") bears his name.", "Q92995": "Wolfgang Wahlster (born February 2, 1953) is a German Artificial Intelligence researcher. He was CEO and Scientific Director of the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and full professor of computer science at Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fccken. Wahlster remains Chief Executive Advisor of the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence. In May 2019, he was honored by the Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Informatik as one of 10 most important heads of German Artificial Intelligence history.He was awarded the Deutscher Zukunftspreis (\"German Future Award\") in 2001 and has been a foreign member of the Class for Engineering Sciences of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences since 2003. In 2004, he was elected as a fellow of the Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Informatik.He graduated from the Max-Planck Gymnasium in Delmenhorst. From 1972 to 1977 he studied computer science and theoretical linguistics at the University of Hamburg, where he received his diploma in 1977. In 1981 he received his doctorate in computer science from the University of Hamburg.In 2016, he was elected to the University Council of the Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt.", "Q11322": "Louis King (born June 28, 1898, Christiansburg, Virginia \u2013 died September 7, 1962) was an American actor and film director of westerns and adventure movies in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s.\n\n", "Q211374": "The New York Post (sometimes abbreviated as NY Post) is a daily newspaper in New York City. The Post also operates the celebrity gossip site PageSix.com and the entertainment site Decider.com, and co-produces the television show Page Six TV.\nThe modern version of the paper is published in tabloid format. Established in 1801 by Federalist and Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, it became a respected broadsheet in the 19th century, under the name New York Evening Post.\nIn 1976, Rupert Murdoch bought the Post for US$30.5 million. Since 1993, the Post has been owned by News Corporation and its successor, News Corp, which had owned it previously from 1976 to 1988. Its editorial offices are located at 1211 Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue). Its distribution ranked 4th in the US in 2018.\n\n", "Q251988": "\u00c1ngel del Pozo (born 14 July 1934) is a Spanish actor. He appeared in more than seventy films since 1960.", "Q388031": "Antonio Gava (July 30, 1930 \u2013 August 8, 2008) was an Italian politician and member of Christian Democracy (DC). Son of the 13 times minister Silvio Gava, Antonio was one of the Christian Democratic Party's leading power-brokers in Campania over a 25-year period, beginning in 1968 and ending in 1993, when he was charged with membership of a criminal organisation. Together with Arnaldo Forlani and Vincenzo Scotti, he was the leader of DC's current known as \"Alleanza Popolare\" (or \"Grande centro doroteo\").", "Q47164": "Santa Monica (Spanish: Santa M\u00f3nica; Spanish for 'Saint Monica') is a beachfront city in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. Situated on Santa Monica Bay, it is bordered on three sides by different neighborhoods of the city of Los Angeles: Pacific Palisades to the north, Brentwood on the northeast, West Los Angeles on the east, Mar Vista on the southeast, and Venice on the south. The 2010 U.S. Census population was 89,736. Due in part to an agreeable climate, Santa Monica became a famed resort town by the early 20th century. The city has experienced a boom since the late 1980s through the revitalization of its downtown core, significant job growth and increased tourism. The Santa Monica Pier and Pacific Park remain popular destinations.", "Q173549": "John Barnard (born 4 May 1946, Wembley, London) is an English race car designer and is working with Terence Woodgate designing high specification carbon fibre furniture. Barnard is credited with the introduction of two new designs into Formula 1: the carbon fibre composite chassis first seen in 1981 with McLaren, and the semi-automatic gearbox which he introduced with Ferrari in 1989.\n\n", "Q236913": "Space rock is a rock music genre characterized by loose and lengthy song structures centered on instrumental textures that typically produce a hypnotic, otherworldly sound. It may feature distorted and reverberation-laden guitars, minimal drumming, languid vocals, synthesizers and lyrical themes of outer space and science fiction. \nThe genre emerged in late 1960s psychedelia and progressive rock bands such as Pink Floyd, Hawkwind, and Gong who explored a \"cosmic\" sound. Later, the style was taken up in the mid-1980s by Spacemen 3, whose \"drone-heavy\" sound was avowedly inspired by and intended to accommodate drug use. By the 1990s, space rock developed into shoegazing and post-rock with bands such as Failure, Hum, Flying Saucer Attack, and Orange Goblin.\n\n", "Q85231": "Fritz Hermann Goerdeler (6 March 1886 \u2013 1 March 1945) was a German jurist and resistance fighter.\t\nGoerdeler was born as the younger brother of Carl Friedrich Goerdeler in Schneidem\u00fchl (today Pi\u0142a, Poland) and grew up in Marienwerder, where his father had taken office as a judge at the local court in 1890. Goerdeler studied law and worked as a lawyer. In 1920 he became the mayor of Marienwerder and was reelected in 1932, however he was forced to leave this position in 1933 after he refused to join the Nazi Party.Goerdeler became the municipal chamberlain of K\u00f6nigsberg in 1934 until 1944 and joined the German resistance movement against the Nazis. He had close contact to the military resistance especially in East Prussia.Goerdeler was imprisoned after the failed 20 July plot and sentenced to death by the Volksgerichtshof on 23 February 1945. He was hanged at Pl\u00f6tzensee Prison on 1 March 1945.Goerdeler was married and had three daughters and a son.", "Q69299": "Christophe Moehrlen (20 January 1800 \u2013 28 February 1871), pen name: Christoph Irenius, was a Swiss French Protestant pastor of German origin, schoolteacher and author of children's literature.", "Q1394609": "Robert James Waller (August 1, 1939 \u2013 March 10, 2017) was an American author best known for The Bridges of Madison County, an enormously successful book in 1993. He was also a photographer and musician.", "Q240885": "Sylvie Vartan (French pronunciation: \u200b[silvi va\u0281t\u0251\u0303]; born Sylvie Georges Vartanian, Bulgarian: \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0432\u0438 \u0416\u043e\u0440\u0436 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043d; 15 August 1944 in Iskrets, Sofia Province) is a Bulgarian-French singer and actress. She is known as one of the most productive and tough-sounding y\u00e9-y\u00e9 artists. Her performances often featured elaborate show-dance choreography, and she made many appearances on French and Italian TV.\nYearly shows with then-husband Johnny Hallyday attracted full houses at the Olympia and the Palais des congr\u00e8s de Paris throughout the 1960s and mid-1970s. In 2004, after a break in performances, she began recording and giving concerts of jazz ballads in francophone countries.", "Q313211": "Alberto Santos-Dumont (Brazilian Portuguese: [aw\u02c8b\u025b\u027etu \u02c8s\u0250\u0303tus du\u02c8m\u00f5]; 20 July 1873 \u2013 23 July 1932) was a Brazilian inventor and aviation pioneer, one of the very few people to have contributed significantly to the development of both lighter-than-air and heavier-than-air aircraft.\nThe heir of a wealthy family of coffee producers, Santos-Dumont dedicated himself to aeronautical study and experimentation in Paris, where he spent most of his adult life.\nIn his early career he designed, built, and flew hot air balloons and early dirigibles, culminating in his winning the Deutsch de la Meurthe prize on 19 October 1901 for a flight that rounded the Eiffel Tower.\nHe then turned to heavier-than-air machines, and on 23 October 1906 his 14-bis made the first powered heavier-than-air flight in Europe to be certified by the A\u00e9ro-Club de France and the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration A\u00e9ronautique Internationale.\nHis conviction that aviation would usher in an era of worldwide peace and prosperity led him to freely publish his designs and forgo patenting his various innovations.\nSantos-Dumont is a national hero in Brazil, where it is popularly held that he preceded the Wright brothers in demonstrating a practical airplane. Countless roads, plazas, schools, monuments, and airports there are dedicated to him, and his name is inscribed on the Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom.\nHe was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1931 until his suicide in 1932.", "Q5264": "Hippocrates of Kos (; Greek: \u1f39\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u039a\u1ff7\u03bf\u03c2, translit. Hippokr\u00e1t\u0113s ho K\u1e53os; c.\u2009460 \u2013 c.\u2009370 BC), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece), who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. He is often referred to as the \"Father of Medicine\" in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field as the founder of the Hippocratic School of Medicine. This intellectual school revolutionized Ancient Greek medicine, establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields with which it had traditionally been associated (theurgy and philosophy), thus establishing medicine as a profession.However, the achievements of the writers of the Corpus, the practitioners of Hippocratic medicine and the actions of Hippocrates himself were often conflated; thus very little is known about what Hippocrates actually thought, wrote, and did. Hippocrates is commonly portrayed as the paragon of the ancient physician and credited with coining the Hippocratic Oath, which is still relevant and in use today. He is also credited with greatly advancing the systematic study of clinical medicine, summing up the medical knowledge of previous schools, and prescribing practices for physicians through the Hippocratic Corpus and other works.", "Q125069": "George Gerster (April 30, 1928 \u2013 February 8, 2019) was a Swiss journalist and a pioneer aerial photographer.", "Q82238": "Sir Cliff Richard (born Harry Rodger Webb; 14 October 1940) is a British singer, musician, performer, actor and philanthropist. Richard has sold more than 250 million records worldwide. He has total sales of over 21 million singles in the United Kingdom and is the third-top-selling artist in UK Singles Chart history, behind the Beatles and Elvis Presley.Richard was originally marketed as a rebellious rock and roll singer in the style of Elvis Presley and Little Richard. With his backing group, the Shadows, Richard dominated the British popular music scene in the pre-Beatles period of the late 1950s to early 1960s. His 1958 hit single \"Move It\" is often described as Britain's first authentic rock and roll song; in the opinion of John Lennon of the Beatles, \"before Cliff and the Shadows, there had been nothing worth listening to in British music\". Increased focus on his Christianity and subsequent softening of his music led to a more middle-of-the-road image and he sometimes ventured into contemporary Christian music.\nOver a career spanning 60 years, Richard has amassed many gold and platinum discs and awards, including two Ivor Novello Awards and three Brit Awards. More than 130 of his singles, albums and EPs have reached the UK Top 20, more than any other artist. Richard has had 67 UK top ten singles, the second highest total for an artist behind Elvis. Richard holds the record (with Elvis) as the only act to make the UK singles charts in all of its first six decades (1950s\u20132000s). He has achieved 14 UK number-one singles, and is the only singer to have had a number-one single in the UK in five consecutive decades. He also had four UK Christmas number one singles, two of which were as a solo artist; \"Mistletoe and Wine\" and \"Saviour's Day\".\nRichard has never achieved the same popularity in the United States despite eight US Top 40 singles, including the million-selling \"Devil Woman\" and \"We Don't Talk Anymore\". In Canada, he had a successful period in the early 1960s, and again in the late 1970s and early 1980s with some releases certified gold and platinum. He has remained a popular music, film, and television personality in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Northern Europe and Asia, and retains a following in other countries. Richard has been a resident in the UK for most of his life, though in 2010, he confirmed that he had become a citizen of Barbados. When not touring, he divides his time between Barbados and Portugal. In 2019, he relocated to the US.\n\n", "Q285501": "Keegan Connor Tracy (born December 3, 1971) is a Canadian actress and author. She is best known for her roles as Audrey Malone in the Showtime comedy-drama series Beggars and Choosers (1999\u20132000), the Blue Fairy in the ABC fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time (2011\u201318), Miss Blaire Watson in the A&E drama series Bates Motel (2013\u201316), and Professor Lipson in the Syfy fantasy series The Magicians (2016\u20132020). Tracy's other notable work includes roles on the television series Jake 2.0, The 4400, Stargate SG-1, Supernatural, Psych, and Battlestar Galactica.\nIn film, she is best known for her roles as Kat Jennings in the supernatural horror film Final Destination 2 (2003), Mirabelle Keegan in the supernatural horror film White Noise (2005), Dolly Dupuyster in the comedy-drama film The Women (2008), Ellen in the drama film Words and Pictures (2013), and Queen Belle in the musical fantasy films Descendants (2015), Descendants 2 (2017), and Descendants 3 (2019).", "Q509774": "Giampiero Galeazzi (born 18 May 1946) is an Italian former competition rower, sport journalist, commentator and television personality.\n\n", "Q77919": "J\u00f6rg Fischer (born 4 July 1957) is a German guitar player, primarily known for his work with the band Accept. He joined the band towards the end of the recording of their self-titled debut album and plays on the albums I'm a Rebel and Breaker until leaving before the recording of the fourth album Restless and Wild. After the recording of Balls to the Wall was completed he was asked to rejoin the band. Fischer appears on the albums Metal Heart and Russian Roulette. By this time his role had diminished mainly to rhythm guitarist, although featured on lead guitar on the songs \"Living for Tonite\", \"Wrong Is Right', \"Aiming High\", \"Another Second to Be\" and \"Lay Down the Law\" (performed by Accept on UDO's Animal House album). Fischer left the band again around 1988.\nFischer next turned up in a short-lived Los Angeles-based project named Royal Flush which also featured vocalist Dave Fefolt (Masi, Hawk), guitarist Roy Z (Tribe of Gypsies, Bruce Dickinson), bassist Rex Tennyson (Hellion, Heavy Bones), and drummer Reynold Carlson (Jag Panzer, Joey Tafolla); the band broke up after recording a 5-song demo with producer Dieter Dierks.\nOn the heels of Royal Flush, Fischer teamed up with all Swedish musicians, vocalist Pete Sandberg (ex-Alien, Von Rosen), bassist Magnus Ros\u00e9n (ex-Von Rosen), drummer Anders Johansson (ex-Yngwie Malmsteen, Silver Mountain), and keyboardist Jens Johansson (ex-Yngwie Malmsteen, Silver Mountain) under the name Goodnight L.A.. Although the band landed a development deal with RCA Records things went no further and the whole line-up decamped to Sweden where they performed as the Coverboys, with Per Stadin (ex-Silver Mountain) replacing Ros\u00e9n on bass, a short lived cover band formed in 1991 for a summer tour of Sweden and Norway.\nFischer recorded the album Something Wicked Comes with the band Billionaires Boys Club in 1993. Billionaire Boys Club featured Fischer on guitar, Anders Johansson on drums, Magnus Ros\u00e9n on bass, and Mark Boals (ex-Yngwie Malmsteen) on vocals. Marcel Jacob (ex-Talisman, Last Autumn's Dream) shared additional bass guitar duties on the album along with Per Stadin.\nSince the demise of Billionaires Boys Club Fischer has kept a low profile but resurfaced briefly with Doom Squad, a one-off studio collaboration featuring members of Anthrax, Armored Saint and Ugly Kid Joe, recording a cover of \"Burnin' Up\" for the album A Tribute to Judas Priest: Legends of Metal, issued in 1996.", "Q144483": "The Last of the Mohicans is a 1992 American epic historical drama film set in 1757 during the French and Indian War. It was written and directed by Michael Mann and was based on James Fenimore Cooper's 1826 novel The Last of the Mohicans: A Narrative of 1757 and George B. Seitz's 1936 film adaptation, owing more to the film than the novel. The film stars Daniel Day-Lewis and Madeleine Stowe, with Jodhi May, Russell Means, Wes Studi, Eric Schweig, and Steven Waddington in supporting roles.\nThe soundtrack features music by Trevor Jones and Randy Edelman, and the song \"I Will Find You\" by Clannad. The main theme of the film is taken from the tune \"The Gael\" by Scottish singer-songwriter Dougie MacLean.\nReleased on September 25, 1992 in the United States, The Last of the Mohicans was met with positive reviews and commercial success during its box-office run.\n\n", "Q228293": "Train of Life (in French Train de vie; in Romanian Trenul vie\u0163ii) is a 1998 tragicomedy film by France, Belgium, Netherlands, Israel and Romania made in the French language. It tells the story of an eastern European Jewish village's plan to escape the Holocaust.", "Q172131": "Miguel \u00c1ngel Guerra (born 31 August 1953 in Buenos Aires) is a former racing driver from Argentina. He participated in four Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 15 March 1981. He qualified for only one of these, the 1981 San Marino Grand Prix, in which his Osella was hit by the March of Eliseo Salazar on the first lap. Guerra's car hit a wall, and he suffered a broken wrist and ankle.\nEither side of his brief Formula One career, he competed in Formula 2.", "Q711197": "Otis Rush Jr. (April 29, 1934 \u2013 September 29, 2018) was an American blues guitarist and singer-songwriter. His distinctive guitar style featured a slow-burning sound and long bent notes. With qualities similar to the styles of other 1950s artists Magic Sam and Buddy Guy, his sound became known as West Side Chicago blues and was an influence on many musicians, including Michael Bloomfield, Peter Green and Eric Clapton.\nRush was left-handed and played as such; however, his guitars were strung with the low E string at the bottom, upside-down from typical guitarists. He often played with the little finger of his pick hand curled under the low E for positioning. It is widely believed that this contributed to his distinctive sound. He had a wide-ranging, powerful tenor voice.", "Q512": "Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [vl\u0250\u02c8d\u02b2im\u02b2\u026ar s\u02b2\u026a\u02c8m\u02b2\u0275n\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 v\u0268\u02c8sotsk\u02b2\u026aj]; 25 January 1938 \u2013 25 July 1980) was a Soviet singer-songwriter, poet, and actor whose career had an immense and enduring effect on Soviet culture. He became widely known for his unique singing style and for his lyrics, which featured social and political commentary in often humorous street jargon. He was also a prominent stage and screen actor. Though his work was largely ignored by the official Soviet cultural establishment, he achieved remarkable fame during his lifetime, and to this day exerts significant influence on many of Russia's popular musicians and actors years after his death.", "Q47602": "Massimo D'Alema (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8massimo da\u02c8l\u025bma]; born 20 April 1949) is an Italian politician who was the 53rd Prime Minister from 1998 to 2000. Later he was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2008. He is also a journalist and served for a time as national secretary of the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS). \nSometimes media refers to him as Leader Maximo, due to his first name Massimo, but also for his dominant position in the left-wing coalitions during the Second Republic. Earlier in his career he was a member of the Italian Communist Party, and he was the first former communist to become prime minister of a NATO country and yet the only former communist prime minister of Italy.", "Q945691": "Geoffrey Lamont Holder (August 1, 1930 \u2013 October 5, 2014) was a Trinidadian-American actor, voice actor, dancer, choreographer, singer, director and painter. A multifaceted performer and creator, he is best remembered by audiences for his performance as the villainous Baron Samedi in the 1973 Bond-movie Live and Let Die and as the pitchman for 7 Up.", "Q3739273": "Nakahashi Tokugor\u014d (\u4e2d\u6a4b\u5fb3\u4e94\u90ce, 13 October 1861 \u2013 25 March 1934) was a businessman, politician and cabinet minister in Taish\u014d and early Sh\u014dwa period Japan. After serving as president of Osaka Sh\u014dsen Shipping Company (OSK Lines), he entered politics and later served as a cabinet minister.", "Q1434828": "Sir Rodmond Palen Roblin (February 15, 1853 \u2013 February 16, 1937) was a businessman and politician in Manitoba, Canada .\nRoblin was born in Sophiasburgh, in Prince Edward County, Canada West (later Ontario). The Roblin family was established in Sophiasburgh by Loyalist farmers Philip and Elizabeth Roblin from Smith's Clove (now known as Monroe) in Orange County, New York. He was educated at Albert College in Belleville, arrived in Winnipeg in 1877, and worked as a grain merchant. Roblin served as reeve of Dufferin for five years and as warden for two, and was also a school trustee in the community.\nHe entered provincial politics in the 1886 Manitoba election, running as a Liberal Party candidate against Conservative cabinet minister David H. Wilson in the constituency of Dufferin North. He lost this race by five votes, but won a subsequent by-election held on May 12, 1888.\nThe by-election took place shortly after Thomas Greenway was inaugurated as Manitoba's first Liberal premier. Roblin was a supporter of Greenway in this period, and was re-elected by acclamation when the new premier called another provincial election for July 1888.\nAlthough Greenway's Liberals won this election with a landslide majority, the new premier was unable to fulfill a campaign promise for the development of local railways. The Canadian Pacific Railway had lost its formal monopoly in the region, but it was still the dominant line and transportation costs remained high. Confronted with Greenway's failure, Roblin abandoned the government in 1889 and caucused with the small Conservative opposition. With the death of John Norquay in the same year, he emerged as the party's leading spokesman. Roblin was the Conservative Party's de facto leader in the legislature between 1890 and 1892.\nIn opposition, Roblin spoke against Greenway's proposed education reforms. After his failure to reform the provincial railway system, Greenway repudiated an earlier pledge and withdrew state support for Manitoba's Catholic and francophone education system. His reforms triggered a national political crisis, known as the Manitoba Schools Question. While many Canadian francophones regarded Greenway's policy as discriminatory, it was extremely popular with Manitoba's anglophone and Protestant majority. Greenway's government was re-elected in the 1892 election, and Roblin was personally defeated in the rural constituency including the town of Morden.\nGreenway won another landslide victory in the 1896 election, although Roblin was this time returned to the legislature for the constituency of Woodlands. He became the parliamentary leader of the Conservatives for a second time, but stood aside to allow Hugh John Macdonald to become the official leader of the party in 1897.\nThe 1899 provincial election very different from the previous two campaigns. The schools question was resolved in 1896, and Greenway was forced to defend a fairly mediocre record on other issues against a more organized opposition. The result was a narrow victory for Macdonald's Conservatives, who won 22 of 40 seats. Macdonald was inaugurated as premier early in 1900. Roblin, who was re-elected in Woodlands and was the main architect of the Conservative victory, was left out of cabinet.\nMacdonald resigned as premier on October 29, 1900, to run for the Conservative Party of Canada against Clifford Sifton in the federal riding of Brandon. Roblin became premier in his place, and also took the powerful cabinet position of Railway Commissioner. In December, he also appointed himself as Minister of Agriculture as well. This consolidation of power reflected Roblin's personal authority over both the government and the provincial Conservative Party: his control over both would be unquestioned for the next fourteen years.\nWhile Greenway had won elections on single-issue populism, Roblin relied on \"machine politics\" for his electoral success. Despite (or because of) some coercion, he was able to effectively dispense patronage and could rely on the support of many loyal followers at the community level.\nRoblin's Conservatives won thirty-one seats in the 1903 election, against nine for Greenway's Liberals. The extent of this victory may be credited to Greenway's leadership of the Liberal Party\u2014he was increasingly uninterested in provincial politics, and was spending much of his time looking for a federal patronage appointment. Roblin's machine also coasted to easy victories in 1907 and 1910, winning twenty-eight of forty-one seats on both occasions.\nRoblin played a crucial role in the 1911 federal election on reciprocity, by putting his electoral machine at the disposal of the federal Conservative Party. In so doing, Roblin helped to defeat Sir Wilfrid Laurier and put Robert Borden in power. Borden, in turn, enacted legislation to expand Manitoba's boundaries to their current limit.\nLike his counterpart James Whitney in Ontario, Roblin expanded the role of government in Manitoba and promoted many initiatives that would be regarded today as progressive. As railway commissioner, he reached an agreement with Canadian Northern Railways to build an alternate route to the lakehead, and put control of the rates into the hands of the province. His government also promoted significant expansions in health, education and road services, all of which were required to service Manitoba's rapidly increasing population.\nRoblin's Tories created Manitoba's first crown corporations, expropriating Bell's telephone services to create a state-owned system\u2014the first effective public utilities system in Canada. The government also started a state-owned system of grain elevators to assist farmers, but this was less successful. A scandal involving these elevators weakened his government's hold on power in the early 1910s.\nRoblin was more conservative on social issues. He is often remembered today for his opposition to women's suffrage, and for clashing with Nellie McClung on the issue. McClung made Roblin appear foolish in her famous \"parliament of women\", parodying the premier's patronizing comments on traditional gender roles. Roblin also resisted demands to enact a labour code to protect workers, and was sometimes reluctant to enforce the province's existing legislation.\nRoblin is also remembered for folding to pressure from Winnipeg's business community. In 1904 he took the appalling step of reducing the age minima for child labour, and increasing the maximum hours of work for women and children.Roblin's handling of the prohibition issue was also controversial. Hugh John Macdonald's government passed prohibition legislation in 1900, after two separate referendums had confirmed public support for the initiative. Roblin was reluctant to enforce the legislation, however, because his government received significant revenues from the sale of alcohol. He called a third referendum in 1902. When temperance supporters boycotted the poll, prohibition was defeated by a narrow margin.\nThe 1914 provincial election was the start of a watershed period in Manitoba politics. Roblin's government went into the election weakened by a scandal involving the construction of new legislative buildings. His opponents accused the government of corruption, claiming misappropriation of funds and overspending. The Conservatives were re-elected by a reduced margin, winning 28 seats against 20 for the Liberals in an expanded legislature.\nWhen Roblin rejected calls for a formal investigation into the legislative buildings scandal, the Liberal opposition petitioned the Lieutenant Governor to take direct action. The Lieutenant-Governor convened his own commission of enquiry, popularly known as the Mathers Commission as it was led by chief justice T.A. Mathers. After only two weeks, the commission had uncovered enough evidence to force the government's resignation. Roblin formally resigned as premier on May 12, 1915, and Liberal leader Tobias Norris was called to form a new administration. A new general election was called, which the Liberals won in a landslide..\nThe commission report concluded that Roblin, Attorney General James H. Howden and developer Thomas Kelly had conspired to commit fraud in the contract arrangements. Roblin was indicted, but was eventually discharged of criminal responsibility. He died in Hot Springs, Arkansas in 1937.\nSir Rodmond Roblin is the grandfather of another Manitoba premier, Dufferin Roblin.\n\n", "Q5469014": "Forest Lawn Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery in Buffalo, New York founded in 1849 by Charles E. Clarke. It covers over 269 acres (1.1 km2) and over 152,000 are buried there, including U.S. President Millard Fillmore, First Lady Abigail Fillmore, singer Rick James, and inventor Lawrence Dale Bell. Forest Lawn is on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Q287316": "Jane Wymark (born 31 October 1952) is an English actress. The daughter of English actor Patrick Wymark (1926\u20131970) and the American writer and playwright Olwen Wymark, she is best known for playing Morwenna Chynoweth Whitworth (Morwenna Carne by the close of the series) in the 1970s BBC television period drama Poldark (1977), and more recently as Joyce Barnaby (1997\u20132011) in the ITV detective series Midsomer Murders. She has appeared in television dramas such as The Bass Player and the Blonde, A Touch of Frost, Dangerfield, Lovejoy and Pie in the Sky. She also appeared as Jill Mason in the Birmingham Rep production of Equus.", "Q495549": "Jennifer Tilly (born Jennifer Ellen Chan; September 16, 1958) is an American actress and poker player. She is most recognised as Tiffany Valentine in the Child's Play franchise (1998\u2013). Her first notable acting role was on the sitcom Shaping Up (1984), which she followed with her film debut in No Small Affair the same year. She is known for her distinctive voice and comedic timing. Tilly is a World Series of Poker Ladies' Event bracelet winner, the first celebrity to win a World Series tournament. She is the older sister of actress Meg Tilly.\nTilly came to prominence when she received an Academy Award nomination for her portrayal of Olive Neal in Woody Allen's 1994 film Bullets over Broadway. She earned further acclaim, as well as Saturn Award and MTV Award nominations, for her performance in the Wachowskis' 1996 neo-noir thriller Bound. Her other film appearances include Let It Ride; The Fabulous Baker Boys (1989); Made in America (1993); The Getaway (1994); Edie & Pen; House Arrest (1996); Liar Liar (1997); Music from Another Room (1998); Stuart Little (1999); Dancing at the Blue Iguana (2000); The Cat's Meow; Monsters, Inc. (2001); The Haunted Mansion (2003); Home on the Range (2004); and Terry Gilliam's Tideland (2005). She is recognised as an \"icon\" in the horror film community for her portrayal of Tiffany Valentine in the Child's Play franchise (1998\u2013). She is also known for providing the voice of Bonnie Swanson on the animated television series Family Guy (1999\u2013present).\nTilly was the recipient of a Theatre World Award in 1993 for her performance in the Off-Broadway play One Shoe Off. Her other stage credits include the Broadway revivals of The Women (2001) and Don't Dress for Dinner (2012).", "Q202308": "Dervi\u015f Mehmed Zill\u00ee (25 March 1611 \u2013 1682), known as Evliya \u00c7elebi (Ottoman Turkish: \u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0686\u0644\u0628\u0649\u200e), was an Ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the Ottoman Empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years, recording his commentary in a travelogue called the Sey\u00e2hatn\u00e2me (\"Book of Travel\"). The name \u00c7elebi is an honorific title meaning \u201cgentleman\u201d or \u201cman of God\u201d (see pre-1934 Turkish naming conventions).", "Q88073": "Helga M. Novak (pseudonym for Maria Karlsdottir; 8 September 1935 \u2013 24 December 2013, in R\u00fcdersdorf) was a German-Icelandic writer.\nNovak was born in Berlin. She grew up in East Germany, studied journalism and philosophy at the University of Leipzig. She resigned from the East German Socialist Unity Party (SED) in 1957 in protest for the Soviet invasion of Hungary, which had taken place in 1956.She moved to Iceland in 1961, where she married and had two children before her divorce.\nShe traveled to Spain, France, and the U.S., before returning to East Germany. When her citizenship was revoked for writing and publishing critical texts, she moved between Iceland, Germany and Bulgaria. For a short period, she was an informer (\"inoffizieller Mitarbeiter\") for the East German Stasi. In 2004, German authorities denied her German citizenship. Novak died in 2013 in Berlin.", "Q171438": "Maurice Bienvenu Jean Paul Trintignant (30 October 1917, in Sainte-C\u00e9cile-les-Vignes, Vaucluse \u2013 13 February 2005, in N\u00eemes) was a motor racing driver and vintner from France. He competed in the Formula One World Championship for fourteen years, between 1950 and 1964, one of the longest careers in the early years of Formula One. During this time he also competed in sports car racing, including winning the 1954 24 Hours of Le Mans race. Following his retirement from the track Trintignant concentrated on the wine trade.\nMaurice Trintignant was the brother of Bugatti race car driver Louis Trintignant \u2014 who was killed in 1933, in practice, at P\u00e9ronne, Picardy \u2014 and the uncle of renowned French film actor Jean-Louis Trintignant.", "Q693194": "Napalm Records is an Austrian independent record label focused on heavy metal and hard rock. Originally, Napalm focused mainly on black metal bands such as Abigor and Summoning and folk metal bands such as Falkenbach and Vintersorg. Later on, the label expanded its roster by adding gothic metal, symphonic metal, power metal, doom metal, metalcore and nu metal bands, as well as stoner rock acts Monster Magnet, Karma to Burn, and Brant Bjork. Napalm has its own publishing house named Iron Avantgarde Publishing.", "Q853781": "Charlotte Marie Pomeline Casiraghi (born 3 August 1986) is the second child of Caroline, Princess of Hanover, and Stefano Casiraghi, an Italian industrialist. She is eleventh in line to the throne of Monaco. Her maternal grandparents were Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and American actress Grace Kelly. She is named after her maternal great-grandmother, Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois. She was christened on 20 September 1986. Her godparents are Albina du Boisrouvray and Stefano Casiraghi's brother-in-law, Massimo Bianchi.", "Q275180": "Australia is a 2008 epic romantic historical drama film directed by Baz Luhrmann and starring Nicole Kidman and Hugh Jackman. The screenplay was written by Luhrmann and screenwriter Stuart Beattie, with Ronald Harwood and Richard Flanagan. The film is a character story, set between 1939 and 1942 against a dramatised backdrop of events across northern Australia at the time, such as the bombing of Darwin during World War II.\nProduction took place in Sydney, Darwin, Kununurra and Bowen. The film was released to cinemas on 26 November 2008 in the United States and in Australia on 26 December 2008, with subsequent worldwide release dates throughout late December 2008 and January and February 2009. Australia received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $211 million on a $130 million budget. The film received a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Costume Design at the 81st Academy Awards. It is the third highest grossing Australian film of all time, behind Crocodile Dundee (1986) and Mad Max: Fury Road (2015).\n\n", "Q8998": "Guan Moye (simplified Chinese: \u7ba1\u8c1f\u4e1a; traditional Chinese: \u7ba1\u8b28\u696d; pinyin: Gu\u01cen M\u00f3y\u00e8; born 17 February 1955), better known by the pen name Mo Yan (, Chinese: \u83ab\u8a00; pinyin: M\u00f2 Y\u00e1n), is a Chinese novelist and short story writer. Donald Morrison of U.S. news magazine TIME referred to him as \"one of the most famous, oft-banned and widely pirated of all Chinese writers\", and Jim Leach called him the Chinese answer to Franz Kafka or Joseph Heller.He is best known to Western readers for his 1987 novel Red Sorghum Clan, of which the Red Sorghum and Sorghum Wine volumes were later adapted for the film Red Sorghum. In 2012, Mo was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his work as a writer \"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary\".\n\n", "Q1559352": "The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) (Ottoman Turkish: \u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u062a\u06cc\u200e, romanized: \u0130ttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti), later the Party of Union and Progress (Ottoman Turkish: \u0130ttihad ve Terakki F\u0131rkas\u0131\u200e, Turkish: Birlik ve \u0130lerleme Partisi), began as a secret society established as the Committee of the Ottoman Union (Ottoman Turkish: \u0130ttihad-\u0131 Osman\u00ee Cemiyeti) in Istanbul on 6 February 1889 by medical students Ibrahim Temo, Mehmed Reshid, Abdullah Cevdet, \u0130shak S\u00fckuti, Ali H\u00fcseyinzade, Kerim Sebat\u00ee, Mekkeli Sabri Bey, Naz\u0131m Bey, \u015eerafettin Ma\u011fmumi, Cevdet Osman and Giritli \u015eefik. It was transformed into a political organisation (and later an official political party) by Behaeddin Shakir, aligning itself with the Young Turks in 1906 during the period of the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. In the West, members of the CUP were usually called Young Turks while in the Ottoman Empire its members were known as Unionists.\nBegun as a liberal reform movement in the Ottoman Empire, the party was persecuted by the Ottoman imperial government for its calls for democratisation and reform in the empire. A major influence on the committee was Meiji-era Japan, a backward state that successfully modernised itself without sacrificing its identity. The CUP intended to copy the Japanese example and modernise the Ottoman Empire to end its status as the perpetual \"sick man of Europe\". The ultimate aim of the CUP was to return the Ottoman Empire to its former status as one of the world's great powers. Once the party gained power in the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 and consolidated its power in the 1912 \"Election of Clubs\" and the 1913 Raid on the Sublime Porte, it grew increasingly more splintered and volatile (and after attacks on the empire's Turkish citizens during the Balkan Wars of 1912\u20131913 nationalist) as its three leaders, Enver Pasha, Talaat Pasha and Cemal Pasha, formed the triumvirate known as the Three Pashas and gained de facto rule over the Ottoman Empire and the party itself.\nAt the end of World War I, most of its members were court-martialled by the sultan Mehmed VI and imprisoned. In 1926, a few members of the organisation were executed in Turkey after trial for the attempted assassination of Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk. Members who survived continued their political careers in Turkey as members of the Republican People's Party (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi) - founded by Atat\u00fcrk - and other political parties in Turkey.", "Q213205": "The San Francisco Bay Area, popularly referred to as the Bay Area or simply the Bay, is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco, San Pablo, and Suisun Bay estuaries in Northern California. Although the exact boundaries of the region vary depending on the source, the Bay Area is defined by the Association of Bay Area Governments to include the nine counties that border the aforementioned estuaries: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma, and San Francisco. Other sources may exclude parts of or even entire counties, or expand the definition to include neighboring counties that do not border the bay such as San Benito, San Joaquin, and Santa Cruz.\nHome to approximately 7.75 million people, Northern California's nine-county Bay Area contains many cities, towns, airports, and associated regional, state, and national parks, connected by a complex multimodal transportation network. The larger combined statistical area of the region, which includes fourteen counties, is the second-largest in California (after the Greater Los Angeles area), the fifth-largest in the United States, and the 41st-largest urban area in the world with 9.67 million people. The Bay Area's population is ethnically diverse: for example, roughly half of the region's residents are Hispanic, Asian, African American, or Pacific Islander, all of whom have a significant presence throughout the region.\nThe earliest archaeological evidence of human settlements in the Bay Area dates back to 8000\u201310,000 BC (from shell mounds in the Coyote Hills). In 1769, the Bay Area was inhabited by the Ohlone people when a Spanish exploration party led by Gaspar de Portol\u00e0 entered the Bay \u2013 the first documented European visit to the Bay Area. After Mexico established independence from Spain in 1821, the region was briefly controlled by the Mexican government until the United States purchased the territory in 1846 during the Mexican\u2013American War. Soon after, discovery of gold in California attracted a flood of treasure seekers, many using ports in the Bay Area as an entry point. During the early years of California's statehood, state legislative business rotated between three locations in the Bay Area before a permanent state capital was established in Sacramento. A major earthquake leveled the city of San Francisco and environs in 1906, but the region quickly rebuilt in time to host the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition. During World War II, the Bay Area played a major role in America's war effort in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater, with San Francisco's Fort Mason acting as a primary embarkation point for American forces. In 1945, the United Nations Charter was signed in San Francisco, establishing the United Nations, and in 1951, the Treaty of San Francisco officially ended the U.S.'s war with Japan. Since then, the Bay Area has experienced numerous political, cultural and artistic movements, developing unique local genres in music and art and establishing itself as a hotbed of progressive politics. Economically, the post-war Bay Area saw huge growth in the financial and technology industries, creating a vibrant and diverse economy with a gross domestic product of over $700 billion, and home to the third highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the United States (as of 2018).Despite its urban character, the San Francisco Bay is one of California's most ecologically important habitats, providing key ecosystem services such as filtering pollutants and sediments from the rivers, and supporting a number of endangered species. The region is also known for the complexity of its landforms, the result of millions of years of tectonic plate movements. Because the Bay Area is crossed by six major earthquake faults, the region is particularly exposed to hazards presented by large earthquakes. The climate is temperate and generally very mild, and is ideal for outdoor recreational and athletic activities such as hiking. The Bay Area is host to six professional sports teams and is a cultural center for music, theater, and the arts. It is also host to several institutions of higher education, ranging from primary schools to major research universities. Home to 101 municipalities and nine counties, governance in the Bay Area is multifaceted and involves numerous local and regional actors, each with wide-ranging and overlapping responsibilities.", "Q108845": "Anjorka Strechel (born 12 January 1982 in L\u00fcneburg) is an award-winning German film and theater actress. Her television credits include Polizeiruf 110 and Tatort. Her film credits include My Friend from Faro and The Edge.", "Q81731": "Murasaki Shikibu (\u7d2b \u5f0f\u90e8, English: Lady Murasaki; c. 973 or 978 \u2013 c. 1014 or 1031) was a Japanese novelist, poet and lady-in-waiting at the Imperial court during the Heian period. She is best known as the author of The Tale of Genji, widely considered to be the world's first novel, written in Japanese between about 1000 and 1012. Murasaki Shikibu is a descriptive name; her personal name is unknown, but she may have been Fujiwara no Kaoruko (\u85e4\u539f \u9999\u5b50), who was mentioned in a 1007 court diary as an imperial lady-in-waiting.\nHeian women were traditionally excluded from learning Chinese, the written language of government, but Murasaki, raised in her erudite father's household, showed a precocious aptitude for the Chinese classics and managed to acquire fluency. She married in her mid-to late twenties and gave birth to a daughter before her husband died, two years after they were married. It is uncertain when she began to write The Tale of Genji, but it was probably while she was married or shortly after she was widowed. In about 1005, Murasaki was invited to serve as a lady-in-waiting to Empress Sh\u014dshi at the Imperial court by Fujiwara no Michinaga, probably because of her reputation as a writer. She continued to write during her service, adding scenes from court life to her work. After five or six years, she left court and retired with Sh\u014dshi to the Lake Biwa region. Scholars differ on the year of her death; although most agree on 1014, others have suggested she was alive in 1031.\nMurasaki wrote The Diary of Lady Murasaki, a volume of poetry, and The Tale of Genji. Within a decade of its completion, Genji was distributed throughout the provinces; within a century it was recognized as a classic of Japanese literature and had become a subject of scholarly criticism. Early in the 20th century her work was translated; a six-volume English translation was completed in 1933. Scholars continue to recognize the importance of her work, which reflects Heian court society at its peak. Since the 13th century her works have been illustrated by Japanese artists and well-known ukiyo-e woodblock masters.", "Q3749794": "Francesco Cirio (25 December 1836 \u2013 9 January 1900) was an Italian businessman, and is credited with being one of the first in the world with developing the appertization technique in Italy. Appertization is the method of processing vegetables that leads to them being canned. The term comes from Nicolas Appert, who invented the first process for using heat to sterilize food.Cirio was born in Nizza Monferrato, then part of the Kingdom of Sardinia, to a poor and illiterate family. When he was 14 years old he came to the capital of the kingdom, Turin. In 1856, Cirio started preserving tomatoes in tin cans in order for them to be exported. He created his own company (later named Cirio), and when he was 20 years old, he started his first factory in Turin. In 1861, he added further plantations and production facilities in Southern Italy. In 1867, Cirio exhibited his products in Paris at the Exposition Universelle, where he received prestigious awards.The company was transformed in 1885 into Societa Anonima di Esportazione Agricola Francesco Cirio in Turin. This company very soon opened subsidiaries in Milan, Naples, Belgrade, Berlin, Brussels, London, Paris, and Vienna. Cirio also worked to help the agricultural development of Southern Italy.", "Q1974885": "Alexander Neckam (8 September 1157 \u2013 31 March 1217) was an English scholar, teacher, theologian and abbot of Cirencester Abbey from 1213 until his death.", "Q109583": "Manfred Ach (born 14 September 1940) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU).\nHe was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria between 1994 and 2008.", "Q498045": "Takur\u014d Kubo (\u4e45\u4fdd \u7422\u90ce, Kubo Takur\u014d, born May 26, 1971 in Hakodate, Hokkaido), better known by his stage name TAKURO, is a Japanese musician and lyricist best known as one of the guitarists and leader of the rock band Glay, for which he is also the main composer and lyricist. As a musician and composer, Takuro has worked with different artists and has also released solo works.\nTakuro and his older sister were raised by a single mother, as she never remarried after his father's death, when Takuro was three years old. He considers his mother an early influence in his musical career, as he was strongly impressed by her singing.", "Q389461": "Aaron Phillip (born January 31, 1974), better known by his stage name Afu-Ra, is a New York-based American underground rapper. Afu, born Aaron Phillip, is a devout student of the martial arts, as well as chess. Afu is a member of the Gang Starr Foundation, alongside, among others, Jeru the Damaja, Big Shug and Group Home, and is most well known through his affiliation with the foundation and Jeru the Damaja.\n His first appearance was on Jeru's classic 1994 album The Sun Rises in the East, on the song \"Mental Stamina\". He made another appearance on Jeru's second album Wrath of the Math, on the track \"Physical Stamina\", in 1996. Afu's debut single, \"Whirlwind Thru Cities\", was released in 1998, reaching the top 20 on Billboard's Hot Rap Singles chart. In 1999, he released his second single, \"Defeat\" b/w \"Mortal Kombat\". His anticipated debut album, Body of the Life Force, was released in October 2000. The album featured production from a number of prominent Hip Hop beatmakers, including DJ Premier, DJ Muggs, True Master and Da Beatminerz. Guests included Wu-Tang Clan's GZA and Masta Killa, M.O.P., Ky-Mani Marley and the Cocoa Brovaz. \"Whirlwind Thru Cities\", \"Defeat\" and \"Mortal Kombat\" were included here, as well as the singles \"Equality\", \"Big Acts, Little Acts\" and \"D&D Soundclash\".\nAfu released his second effort Life Force Radio in May 2002, featuring production from DJ Premier, Curt Cazal, True Master, Easy Mo Bee, Needlez, Domingo and Ayatollah. Guests included Hip Hop legends Guru, Big Daddy Kane, RZA as well as R&B star Teena Marie. In 2004, he released a compilation album titled Afu-Ra presents Perverted Monks. He returned with another album in 2005, State of the Arts. DJ Premier returned once again to produce the single \"Sucka Free\". Wu-Tang's Masta Killa appeared on the song \"Livin' Like Dat\", and underground favorite Royce da 5'9\" appeared on \"Pusha\".", "Q92003": "Christian Samuel Theodor Bernd (April 12, 1775 in Meseritz \u2013 August 26, 1854 in Bonn) was a German linguist and heraldist, one of the founders of scientific heraldry.\nBernd studied theology at the Jena University. Between 1807 and 1811 he served as editor of the dictionary of German language, then he was a librarian in Breslau. He was the professor of diplomatics, sphragistics and heraldry at the Bonn University from 1822 and was one of the founders of modern scientific heraldry.\nBernd introduced hatching for some additional tinctures such as Umbra, Rotgelb, Stahlblau and Blutfarbe.", "Q206146": "Zita Kab\u00e1tov\u00e1 (27 April 1913 \u2013 27 May 2012) was a Czech actress.\nKab\u00e1tov\u00e1 was born in Prague, where her father, Benno Kab\u00e1t, an architect, also acted in plays and wrote pieces for puppet theatres. Her uncle, Josef \u0160v\u00e1b-Malostransk\u00fd, was a well-known Prague cabaret artist and film actor. During the Second World War she also played in the German films \"Gl\u00fcck unterwegs\" and \"Schicksal am Strom\". She wed athlete Ji\u0159\u00ed Zav\u0159el, who represented Czechoslovakia at the Olympic Games. At the age of 44, she gave birth to their son Ji\u0159\u00ed (\"George\"), who now lives in the United States. \nKab\u00e1tov\u00e1 lived in an assisted-living facility in Motol from 2005 until her death in 2012. At the time of her death, she was the oldest living Czech film actress and the only one alive to have performed before World War II. She took her first role in 1936 and thereafter was featured in over 60 movies. In addition to her film work, she appeared on stage, most notably at the Old\u0159ich Nov\u00fd Theatre (aka The New Theatre), and wrote and appeared in a book based on her life.\nShe is buried at the Vy\u0161ehrad Cemetery in Prague.\n\n", "Q112835": "Frank Schirrmacher (5 September 1959 \u2013 12 June 2014) was a German journalist, literature expert and essayist, writer, and from 1994 co-publisher of the national German newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.", "Q3504610": "Count Vincenzo Dandolo (1758\u20131819) was an Italian chemist and agriculturist. He was born in Venice of good family, though not of the same house as the famous doges, and began his career as a physician.He was a prominent opponent of the oligarchical party in the revolution which took place on the approach of Napoleon; and he was one of the envoys sent to seek the protection of the French. When the request was refused, and Venice was placed under Austria, he removed to Milan, where he was made member of the great council. In 1799, on the invasion of the Russians and the overthrow of the Cisalpine republic, Dandolo retired to Paris, where, in the same year, he published his treatise Les Hommes nouveaux, d'op\u00e9rer une r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration nouvelle. But he soon after returned to the neighborhood of Milan to devote himself to scientific agriculture.In 1805 Napoleon made him governor of Dalmatia, with the title of prov\u00e9diteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, in which position Dandolo distinguished himself by his efforts to remove the wretchedness and idleness of the people, and to improve the country by draining the pestilential marshes and introducing better methods of agriculture. When, in 1809, Dalmatia was re-annexed to the Illyrian provinces, Dandolo returned to Venice, having received as his reward from the French emperor the title of count and several other distinctions. He died in Varese on 13 December 1819.Dandolo published in Italian several treatises on agriculture, vine-cultivation, and the rearing of cattle and sheep; a work on silkworms, which was translated into French by Fontanelle; a work on the discoveries in chemistry which were made in the last quarter of the 18th century (published 1796); and translations of several of the best French works on chemistry.\n\n", "Q1131225": "It (also known as Stephen King's It) is a 1990 American ABC two-part psychological horror drama miniseries directed by Tommy Lee Wallace and adapted by Lawrence D. Cohen from Stephen King's 1986 novel of the same name. The story revolves around a predatory monster which has the ability to transform itself into its prey's worst fears, allowing it to exploit the phobias of its victims. It mostly takes the humanoid form of a darkly comedic clown called Pennywise. The protagonists are The Lucky Seven, or The Losers Club, a group of outcast kids who discover Pennywise and vow to kill him by any means necessary. The series takes place over two different time periods, the first when the Losers first confront Pennywise as children in 1960, and the second when they return as adults in 1990 to defeat him a second time after he resurfaces.\nA special of the November sweeps month of 1990, It was still a big risk for ABC due to horror's lack of popularity in television, declining network viewership decreasing the impact of big events like miniseries, and theatrical versions of King's work being box office bombs. However, they chose to produce it due to the success of Stand by Me (1986) and other television programs based on long books. In order to increase likely viewership, the producers exaggerated the novel's more positive themes of loyalty and friendship and casted performers most well known outside the horror genre. These included Pennywise actor Tim Curry and Losers Club actors Richard Thomas, John Ritter, Annette O'Toole, Harry Anderson, Dennis Christopher, Tim Reid and Richard Masur. The miniseries' child cast includes early roles for Jonathan Brandis, Seth Green, Emily Perkins, Gabe Khouth, Laura Harris, and Chelan Simmons.\nProduced by Green/Epstein Productions, It was filmed over a period of three months in New Westminster, British Columbia in mid-1990 with $12 million, double the usual television budget. The effects and the designs of the titular antagonist's forms, including Pennywise and the creature's true form of a humanoid spider, were produced on a 12-week deadline by Gene Warren's Fantasy II, who had a previous portfolio in theatrical work before working on It. Broadcast Standards and Practices constricted the amount of blood and gore it could show, resulting in an unusually psychologically-horrific and character-driven horror production for its time.\nDespite the risk factors, mixed pre-airing critical reviews, and coverage of George H. W. Bush's foreign trips cutting into the program; It managed to be ABC's biggest success of 1990, pulling through with 30 million viewers for its two parts. When it came to awards, It was nominated for two Emmy Awards, one Eddie Award, one Youth in Film award, and a best miniseries recognition from the People's Choice Awards; it won two of the nominations, an Emmy Music Composition Award for Richard Bellis' score and an Eddie Award for the miniseries' editing.\nWhile divided critical perspectives towards It have continued in later years, the miniseries has become most known for Curry's version of Pennywise. In fact, his portrayal has been considered by several publications to be one of the scariest clown characters in film and television. It has also spawned an Indiegogo-funded documentary film about the miniseries' production, titled Pennywise: The Story of IT (2019); and an alternate history sequel short named Georgie, also by the producers of the documentary and bringing back original Georgie actor Tony Dakota.\n\n", "Q312641": "Frederik George Pohl Jr. (; November 26, 1919 \u2013 September 2, 2013) was an American science-fiction writer, editor, and fan, with a career spanning more than 75 years\u2014from his first published work, the 1937 poem \"Elegy to a Dead Satellite: Luna\", to the 2011 novel All the Lives He Led and articles and essays published in 2012.From about 1959 until 1969, Pohl edited Galaxy and its sister magazine If; the latter won three successive annual Hugo Awards as the year's best professional magazine. His 1977 novel Gateway won four \"year's best novel\" awards: the Hugo voted by convention participants, the Locus voted by magazine subscribers, the Nebula voted by American science-fiction writers, and the juried academic John W. Campbell Memorial Award. He won the Campbell Memorial Award again for the 1984 collection of novellas Years of the City, one of two repeat winners during the first 40 years. For his 1979 novel Jem, Pohl won a U.S. National Book Award in the one-year category Science Fiction. It was a finalist for three other year's best novel awards. He won four Hugo and three Nebula Awards, including receiving both for the 1977 novel Gateway.\nThe Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America named Pohl its 12th recipient of the Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award in 1993 and he was inducted by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame in 1998, its third class of two dead and two living writers.Pohl won the Hugo Award for Best Fan Writer in 2010, for his blog, \"The Way the Future Blogs\".", "Q625568": "Show business, sometimes shortened to show biz or showbiz (since c. 1945), is a vernacular term for all aspects of the entertainment industry. From the business side (including managers, agents, producers, and distributors), the term applies to the creative element (including artists, performers, writers, musicians, and technicians) and was in common usage throughout the 20th century, although the first known use in print dates from 1850. At that time and for several decades, it typically included an initial the. By the latter part of the century, it had acquired a slightly arcane quality associated with the era of variety, but the term is still in active use. In modern entertainment industry, it is also associated with the great fashion industry (creating trend and fashion) and acquiring intellectual property rights from the invested research in the entertainment business.", "Q332591": "Ronald Wayne (born May 17, 1934) is a retired American electronics industry businessman. He co-founded Apple Computer Company (now Apple Inc.) as a partnership with Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, providing administrative oversight and documentation for the new venture. Twelve days later, he sold his 10% share of the new company back to Jobs and Wozniak for US$800, and one year later accepted a final US$1,500 to forfeit any potential future claims against the newly legally incorporated Apple, totaling $2,300.", "Q691973": "Alberto Savinio [al\u02c8b\u025brto sa\u02c8vinjo], born Andrea Francesco Alberto de Chirico (25 August 1891 \u2013 5 May 1952) was an Italian writer, painter, musician, journalist, essayist, playwright, set designer and composer. He was the younger brother of 'metaphysical' painter Giorgio de Chirico. His work often dealt with philosophical and psychological themes, and he also was heavily concerned with the philosophy of art.Throughout his life, Savinio composed five operas and authored at least forty-seven books, including multiple autobiographies and memoirs. He also extensively wrote and produced works for the theatre. His work received mixed reviews during his lifetime, often due to his pervasive use of modernist techniques. He was influenced by and a contemporary of Apollinaire, Picasso, Jean Cocteau, Max Jacob, and Fernand L\u00e9ger, and had a significant influence on the surrealist movement.\n\n", "Q281997": "Miros\u0142awa Krajewska (born 11 September 1940) is a Polish actress. She starred in the 1976 film Brunet wieczorow\u0105 por\u0105.", "Q626061": "Helen Kim (also Kim Hwal-lan, 1899 \u2013 1970) was a South Korean politician, educator, social activist, and feminist. Her pen name was Wuwol(\uc6b0\uc6d4;\u53c8\u6708). Kim is the founder of the daily Korean newspaper, The Korea Times.", "Q8768": "Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 \u2013 April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist and business magnate, founder of the Ford Motor Company and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production. By creating the first automobile that middle-class Americans could afford, he converted the automobile from an expensive curiosity into an accessible conveyance that would profoundly impact the landscape of the 20th century. \nHis introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. As the owner of the Ford Motor Company, he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. He is credited with \"Fordism\": mass production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as the key to peace. His intense commitment to systematically lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations, including a franchise system that put dealerships throughout most of North America and in major cities on six continents. Ford left most of his vast wealth to the Ford Foundation and arranged for his family to control the company permanently.\nFord was also widely known for his pacifism during the first years of World War I, and for promoting antisemitic content, including The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, through his newspaper The Dearborn Independent and the book The International Jew, having an alleged influence on the development of Nazism.", "Q98248": "Daniel Wiemer (born 4 February 1976 in Cologne, Germany) is a German actor mainly known for his role of Bong in the German comedy shows Axel! and Axel! will\u2019s wissen with Axel Stein. He also appeared in the German soap opera Verbotene Liebe and miscellaneous other productions.", "Q513704": "Wenceslas Cobergher (1560 \u2013 23 November 1634), sometimes called Wenzel Coebergher, was a Flemish Renaissance architect, engineer, painter, antiquarian, numismatist and economist. Faded somewhat into the background as a painter, he is chiefly remembered today as the man responsible for the draining of the Mo\u00ebres on the Franco-Belgian border. He is also one of the fathers of the Flemish Baroque style of architecture in the Southern Netherlands.", "Q137445": "Tomas Haake (born 13 July 1971) is a Swedish musician. He is the drummer of the extreme metal band Meshuggah.\nKnown for his polyrhythms and technical ability, in 2012 Haake was named the fifth best \"Modern Metal\" drummer by MetalSucks.net. In the July 2008 edition of Modern Drummer magazine, Haake was named the number one drummer in the \"Metal\" category, as decided upon in the magazine's Readers' Poll.", "Q254166": "Li Bingbing (Chinese: \u674e\u51b0\u51b0; born February 27, 1973) is a Chinese actress and singer who rose to fame with her role in Seventeen Years (1999) and since then received critical acclaim for her roles in A World Without Thieves (2004), Waiting Alone (2005), The Knot (2006), The Forbidden Kingdom (2008), The Message (2009), Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame (2010) and Zhong Kui: Snow Girl and the Dark Crystal (2015)\nLi has also starred in Hollywood blockbusters Resident Evil: Retribution (2012), Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014) and The Meg (2018).\nLi ranked 26th on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2013, 28th in 2014, 13th in 2015, 29th in 2017, and 76th in 2019.", "Q316427": "Morton Feldman (January 12, 1926 \u2013 September 3, 1987) was an American composer.\nA major figure in 20th-century music, Feldman was a pioneer of indeterminate music, a development associated with the experimental New York School of composers also including John Cage, Christian Wolff, and Earle Brown. Feldman's works are characterized by notational innovations that he developed to create his characteristic sound: rhythms that seem to be free and floating; pitch shadings that seem softly unfocused; a generally quiet and slowly evolving music; recurring asymmetric patterns. His later works, after 1977, also begin to explore extremes of duration.", "Q44323": "Adolf Franz Karl Viktor Maria Loos\n(German pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u02d0d\u0254lf lo\u02d0s]; 10 December 1870 \u2013 23 August 1933) was an Austrian architect and influential European theorist of modern architecture. His essay Ornament and Crime advocated smooth and clear surfaces in contrast to the lavish decorations of the fin de si\u00e8cle, as well as the more modern aesthetic principles of the Vienna Secession, exemplified in his design of Looshaus, Vienna. Loos became a pioneer of modern architecture and contributed a body of theory and criticism of Modernism in architecture and design and developed the \"Raumplan\" (literally spatial plan) method of arranging interior spaces, exemplified in Villa M\u00fcller in Prague.\nLoos had three tumultuous marriages that all ended in divorce. He suffered from poor health, including an inherited hearing affliction. He was convicted as a pedophile in 1928 for exploiting girls from poor families, aged 8 to 10. He died aged 62 on 23 August 1933 in Kalksburg near Vienna.", "Q639141": "Salamo Arouch (Greek: \u03a3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7; January 1, 1923 \u2013 April 26, 2009) was a Jewish Greek boxer, the Middleweight Champion of Greece (1938) and the All-Balkans Middleweight Champion (1939), who survived the Holocaust by boxing (over 200 bouts) for the entertainment of German Nazi officers in Auschwitz Concentration Camp. His story was portrayed in the 1989 film Triumph of the Spirit, starring Willem Dafoe as Arouch.\n\n", "Q86076": "Herwig van Staa (born 10 June 1942) was the governor of Tyrol from 2002 to 2008.\nVan Staa was born in Linz, Upper Austria. His father, who came from the Rhine area, worked as a technician in the steelworks in Linz and died in a sick bay in 1943 after military action on the Eastern Front. His mother came from an Austrian family and worked as a midwife. Van Staa attended primary school in Bad Leonfelden (M\u00fchlviertel) and completed his secondary school studies in Wels, where he passed his 'A' levels in 1960.", "Q448714": "Michiko Kakutani (born January 9, 1955) is an American literary critic and former chief book critic for The New York Times. Her awards include a Pulitzer Prize for Criticism.", "Q299100": "Zalman Shazar (Hebrew: \u05d6\u05dc\u05de\u05df \u05e9\u05d6\"\u05e8; November 24, 1889 \u2013 October 5, 1974) was an Israeli politician, author and poet. Shazar served as the third President of Israel for two terms, from 1963 to 1973.", "Q204751": "Anthony Kiedis ( KEE-dis; born November 1, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter and rapper. He is best known as a founding member and the lead vocalist of the Red Hot Chili Peppers and has appeared on every album released by the band. Kiedis and his fellow band members were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.\nKiedis spent his youth in Grand Rapids, Michigan with his mother, then moved shortly before his twelfth birthday to live with his father in Hollywood. While attending Fairfax High School, Kiedis developed close friendships with fellow students Michael Balzary (later known as Flea) and Hillel Slovak, who at the time were members of a band called Anthym. After high school, Kiedis began taking classes at UCLA, but dropped out early in his sophomore year.\nHe later received an offer to be the opening act for a local band, and enlisted Flea, Slovak, and drummer Jack Irons to assist. After a show under the name \"Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem\", the band progressed and the line-up eventually became the Red Hot Chili Peppers.\nHe has recorded eleven studio albums with the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Kiedis' lyrical style has evolved throughout his career; early recordings discussed topics such as sex and life in Los Angeles, while more recent songs focus on more reflective themes including love, addiction, and loss. Additionally, his vocal style has shifted from rapping to more conventional singing. He struggled with addiction for the majority of his life up until the year 2000 and has since remained drug free.", "Q72691": "Gottlieb Wilhelm Rabener (17 September 1714 \u2013 22 March 1771), was a German writer of prose satires and publicist of the Enlightenment . . He was born at Wachau near Leipzig, and he died at Dresden.\nIn 1741 he made his debut as satirist in Schwabe's Belustigungen des Verstandes und Witzes, and was subsequently a contributor to the Bremer Beitrage. Rabener's satires are mainly levelled at the follies of the middle classes.\nThe papers which he published in the Bremer Beitrage were subsequently collected in a Sammlung satirischer Schriften (2 vols., 1751), to which two volumes were added in 1755.\nRabener is especially notorious for his parodic dissertation, Hinkmars von Repkow Noten Ohne Text, which levels a snide charge against the futility and bankruptcy of the practice of footnoting, by consisting entirely of footnotes itself. Rabener cavalierly claimed that since footnotes and endnotes seemed to have become the key to winning lasting authorial fame, he had accordingly composed his dissertation entirely in notes, and left it to others to produce the text he had annotated proleptically.\nPeople Like Dr, Benjamin Franklin & Thomas Paine were influenced by the Enlightenment, it could be said Rabener and other writers of his time were a driving force behind this movement.He came to Dresden in 1753, lost most of his manuscripts during the Seven Year War, at the siege of Dresden by the Prussians in July 1760. But his complete works \"Briefe\" were published in 1772 by Christian Felix Weisse (1726-1804).By 1763 Rabener is Promoted to the tax council in Dresden, he suffers his first stroke in 1767, a painting titled and dated verso,\"Steuerralh Gottlieb Wilhelm Rabener,\" oil on canvas is created after his second stroke in 1769 now currently held in a private collection. Not much is known of his tax collecting for Frederick the Great or the last years before his death,but it seems the strokes could have been a factor.", "Q440348": "Christa Th\u00e9ret (born 25 June 1991) is a French actress, best known for her role of Andr\u00e9e Heuschling in Renoir.\n\n", "Q457634": "Sir Alexander Arnold Constantine Issigonis, (Greek: \u0391\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u03c1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u0399\u03c3\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 Alexandros Arnoldos Konstantinos Isigonis; 18 November 1906 \u2013 2 October 1988) was an English-Greek designer of cars, widely noted for the groundbreaking and influential development of the Mini, launched by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) in 1959, and in 1999 voted the second most influential car of the twentieth century.", "Q96503": "Melanie Mariam Thanee Frasch (born December 1, 1971), better known as Melanie Peres (Hebrew: \u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u200e) is an Israeli model and actress. She has been a model for over 20 years, and has acted on various television programs and movies; she played the title role in the 2010 Israeli feature film Naomi.", "Q358990": "James Hong (traditional Chinese: \u5433\u6f22\u7ae0; simplified Chinese: \u5434\u6c49\u7ae0; pinyin: W\u00fa H\u00e0nzh\u0101ng; Jyutping: Ng4 Hon3zoeng1; born February 22, 1929) is an American actor, voice actor, producer, and director of Chinese descent. He has worked in numerous productions in American media since the 1950s, playing a variety of East Asian roles.\nHe became known to audiences through starring in the crime series The New Adventures of Charlie Chan (1957\u20131958), and through numerous appearances on the original Hawaii Five-O (1968-1980). Hong is known for his roles in various Hollywood films, such as Chinatown (1974), Airplane! (1980), Hannibal Chew in Blade Runner (1982), David Lo Pan in Big Trouble in Little China (1986), Jeff Wong in Wayne's World 2 (1993), Master Hong in Balls of Fury (2007), and Jerry Chen in R.I.P.D. (2013). Hong also famously guest starred on the sitcom Seinfeld as a ma\u00eetre d' in the episode \"The Chinese Restaurant\". As a voice actor, Hong voiced Chi-Fu in Mulan (1998), Daolon Wong on the television series Jackie Chan Adventures (2002\u20132004) and Mr. Ping in the Kung Fu Panda franchise, in addition to several video game roles including Sleeping Dogs and Call of Duty: Black Ops II (both 2012). Hong also voiced several characters in Avatar: The Last Airbender. With over 380 film and television credits, he is one of the most prolific English-speaking actors of all time.Hong is a founding member, charter member and former president of the Association of Asian/Pacific American Artists (AAPAA). He also helped establish the East West Players, the oldest Asian American theater in Los Angeles, to increase Asian American representation in the industry.", "Q467091": "Olga Orozco (17 March 1920 \u2013 15 August 1999) (real name Olga Noem\u00ed Gugliotta Orozco) was an Argentine poet. She was a recipient of the FIL Award.", "Q86710": "Otto Rudolf Theobald Ottokar Maria Graf Czernin von und zu Chudenitz (Czech: Otto Rudolf Theobald Ottokar Maria hrab\u011b \u010cern\u00edn z Chudenic; 27 August 1875 \u2013 14 June 1962) was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat during the time of World War I.", "Q156911": "Wings of Desire (German: Der Himmel \u00fcber Berlin, lit. 'Heaven Over Berlin') is a 1987 romantic fantasy film directed by Wim Wenders. The film is about invisible, immortal angels who populate Berlin and listen to the thoughts of its human inhabitants, comforting the distressed. Even though the city is densely populated, many of the people are isolated or estranged from their loved ones. One of the angels, played by Bruno Ganz, falls in love with a beautiful, lonely trapeze artist, played by Solveig Dommartin. The angel chooses to become mortal so that he can experience human sensory pleasures, ranging from enjoying food to touching a loved one, and so that he can discover human love with the trapeze artist.\nInspired by art depicting angels visible around West Berlin, at the time enclaved by the Berlin Wall, Wenders and author Peter Handke conceived of the story and continued to develop the screenplay throughout the French and German co-production. The film was shot by Henri Alekan in both colour and a sepia-toned black-and-white, the latter being used to represent the world as seen by the angels. The cast includes Otto Sander, Curt Bois and Peter Falk.\nFor Wings of Desire, Wenders won awards for Best Director at both the Cannes Film Festival and European Film Awards. The film was a critical and financial success, and academics have interpreted it as a statement of the importance of cinema, libraries, the circus, or German unity, containing New Age, religious, secular or other themes.\nIt was followed by a sequel, Faraway, So Close!, released in 1993. City of Angels, a U.S. remake, was released in 1998. In 1990, numerous critics named Wings of Desire as one of the best films of the 1980s.", "Q620376": "Aleksandrs Gr\u012bns (1895\u20131941) was a Latvian writer, translator and army officer. He has written many novels and stories, many of them historic. Most of his works were banned in the Soviet Union from 1945 until 1991. He was awarded the Order of the Three Stars (IV and V class) and Order of Viesturs (III class).", "Q53139": "Chita (Russian: \u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430, IPA: [t\u0255\u026a\u02c8ta]; Buryat: \u0428\u044d\u0442\u044d, Shete; Mongolian: \u0427\u0438\u0442, Chit) is a city and the administrative center of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Chita and Ingoda Rivers and on the Trans-Siberian Railway, 900 kilometers (560 mi) east of Irkutsk. Population: 324,444\u2009(2010 Census); 316,643\u2009(2002 Census); 365,754\u2009(1989 Census).", "Q1230183": "Parker Lundgren (born December 28, 1986) is an American guitarist, best known for being in the progressive metal band Queensr\u00ffche, which he joined in 2009.", "Q319072": "Rush Hudson Limbaugh III ( LIM-baw; born January 12, 1951) is an American radio personality, conservative political commentator, author and former television show host. He is best known as the host of his radio show The Rush Limbaugh Show, which has been in national syndication on AM and FM radio stations since 1988. \nLimbaugh hosted a national television show from 1992 to 1996. He has written seven books; his first two, The Way Things Ought to Be (1992) and See, I Told You So (1993), made The New York Times Best Seller list. Limbaugh is among the highest-paid radio figures. In 2018, Forbes listed his earnings at $84.5 million. In December 2019, Talkers Magazine estimated that Limbaugh's show attracted a cumulative weekly audience of 15.5 million listeners to become the most-listened-to radio show in the United States.Limbaugh has been one of the premiere voices of the conservative movement in the United States since the 1990s. He has been inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame and the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame. During the 2020 State of the Union Address, President Donald Trump awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.Limbaugh has expressed controversial viewpoints on race, LGBT matters, feminism, and sexual consent. Limbaugh rejects climate change and has supported U.S. military interventions in the Middle East.", "Q1259135": "Reinhold R\u00fccker Angerstein, born October 25, 1718 at Vikmanshyttan, dead January 5, 1760 in Stockholm, was a Swedish metallurgist, civil servant and entrepreneur.\nAngerstein was a member of an old family of Swedish Iron Masters, of German descent. He passed his matriculation in Uppsala 1727 and then worked as an auditor at the Swedish Board of Mines (Bergskollegium) between 18 and 24 years of age.\nAt the age of 31 he started a series of long journeys abroad, financed by the Swedish Association of Iron Masters (Jernkontoret). From these trips he wrote extensive and illustrated travel accounts back to Sweden. He primarily described technical and economic observations from mining and from Iron and Steel Works. Between 1749 and 1757 he was constantly travelling, with only few short spells in Sweden: in Germany, Austria, Italy, France, Portugal, Belgium, the Netherlands and Britain.\nAfter returning to Sweden he got a position at Bergskollegium as Director of Steelworks (Direkt\u00f6r f\u00f6r rikets gr\u00f6fre svartsmide). There exist illustrations also from his inspection tours of Swedish Iron Works. Towards the end of his life he purchased the Vira Iron Works in Uppland in 1757, northeast of Stockholm, renowned for forging of weapons for the army. He had far-reaching plans to extend this plant, but had no time to implement them before his death in 1760.\nBetween 1753 and 1755 he visited England and Wales, where he was considered an industrial spy. His visit to Sheffield was brief, less than a day, and it has been suggested that he was driven out of the town for showing too much interest in the crucible process newly invented by Benjamin Huntsman.\nIn this mountain area there is a lot of Potatoes planted, as the agriculture here is rather weak, and out of 1 part potatoes and 2 parts rice meal bread is baked; the dow is prepared an ordinary fashion, and the made acid, thereafter the potatoes \u2013 earlier boiled and peeled - are mashed and mixed with the dow, after which it once more is made acid. After a while big round bread cakes are baked out of this dow, are baked in the oven and do not taste bad.\nWooden fences in Steyermark and Upper Austria are tied with wickers, and put down wi[t]h one pole at a time: in order to twine around each second pole. Fences here most often consist of split wood, which is not very long; however, as the poles stand so much closer it will anyhow become difficult so get over them.", "Q101849": "Calvinism (also called the Reformed tradition, Reformed Christianity, Reformed Protestantism, or the Reformed faith) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians.\nCalvinists broke from the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century. Calvinists differ from Lutherans (another major branch of the Reformation) on the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, theories of worship, and the use of God's law for believers, among other things. The term Calvinism can be misleading, because the religious tradition which it denotes has always been diverse, with a wide range of influences rather than a single founder; however almost all of them drew heavily from the writings of Augustine of Hippo a millennium prior. In the context of the Reformation, Huldrych Zwingli began the Reformed tradition in 1519 in the city of Z\u00fcrich. His followers were instantly labeled Zwinglians, consistent with the Catholic practice of naming heresy after its founder. Very soon, Zwingli was joined by Martin Bucer, Wolfgang Capito, William Farel, Johannes Oecolampadius and other early Reformed thinkers.\nThe namesake of the movement, French reformer John Calvin, renounced Roman Catholicism and embraced Protestant views in the late 1520s or early 1530s, as the earliest notions of later Reformed tradition were already espoused by Huldrych Zwingli. The movement was first called Calvinism, referring to John Calvin, by Lutherans who opposed it. Many within the tradition find it either an indescriptive or an inappropriate term and would prefer the word Reformed to be used instead. The most important Reformed theologians include Calvin, Zwingli, Martin Bucer, William Farel, Heinrich Bullinger, Peter Martyr Vermigli, Theodore Beza, and John Knox. In the twentieth century, Abraham Kuyper, Herman Bavinck, B. B. Warfield, J. Gresham Machen, Karl Barth, Martyn Lloyd-Jones, Cornelius Van Til, Gordon Clark, and R. C. Sproul were influential. Contemporary Reformed theologians include J. I. Packer, John MacArthur, Timothy J. Keller, David Wells, and Michael Horton.\nThe Reformed tradition is largely represented by the Continental Reformed, Presbyterian, Evangelical Anglican, Congregationalist, and Reformed Baptist denominational families. Reformed churches may exercise several forms of ecclesiastical polity; most are presbyterian or congregationalist, though some are episcopalian. The biggest Reformed association is the World Communion of Reformed Churches with more than 100 million members in 211 member denominations around the world. There are more conservative Reformed federations such as the World Reformed Fellowship and the International Conference of Reformed Churches, as well as independent churches.", "Q881189": "Charles Debbas (Arabic: \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0633\u200e) (16 April 1885 \u2013 7 November 1935) was an Eastern Orthodox Lebanese political figure. He was the first President of Lebanon (before independence) and served from September 1, 1926 till January 2, 1934, under the French Mandate of Lebanon (known as Greater Lebanon). He also served as the Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon from January 1934 to October 1934.\n\n", "Q552758": "Hipolit Cegielski (6 January 1813, \u0141awki \u2013 30 November 1868, Posen (Pozna\u0144), Kingdom of Prussia) was a Polish businessman and social and cultural activist. He founded H. Cegielski \u2013 Pozna\u0144 in 1846.", "Q233843": "Elizabeth Victoria Montgomery (April 15, 1933 \u2013 May 18, 1995) was an American film, stage, and television actress whose career spanned five decades. She is best remembered for her leading role as Samantha Stephens on the television series Bewitched.\nThe daughter of actor Robert Montgomery, she began her career in the 1950s with a role on her father's television series Robert Montgomery Presents, and won a Theater World Award for her 1956 Broadway debut in the production Late Love. In the 1960s, she became known for her role as Samantha Stephens on the ABC sitcom Bewitched. Her work on the series earned her five Primetime Emmy Award nominations and four Golden Globe Award nominations. After Bewitched ended its run in 1972, Montgomery continued her career with roles in numerous television films, including A Case of Rape (1974), as Ellen Harrod, and The Legend of Lizzie Borden (1975) in the title role. Both roles earned her additional Emmy Award nominations.\nThroughout her career, Montgomery was involved in various forms of political activism and charitable work.", "Q3546345": "Yuri Mitsui (\u4e09\u4e95 \u3086\u308a, Mitsui Yuri, born August 25, 1968), is a Japanese actress and model. She is also a race car driver. She was born in Chiba Prefecture.", "Q1553657": "Guido Antonio Sant\u00f3rsola di Bari Bruno (18 November 1904 in Canosa di Puglia, Italy \u2013 24 September 1994 in Montevideo, Uruguay) was a Brazilian-Uruguayan composer, violinist, violist, viola d'amore player, and conductor of Italian birth.", "Q444890": "Nancy Maureen Argenta (born Nancy Maureen Herbison on January 17, 1957) is a Canadian soprano singer, best known for performing music from the pre-classical era. She has won international acclaim, and is considered one of the leading Handel sopranos of her time.", "Q248229": "Stephen Butterworth (1885\u20131958) was a British physicist who invented the filter that bears his name, a class of electrical circuits that separates electrical signals of different frequencies.\n\n", "Q175110": "The 13th arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille.", "Q219700": "Andrew \"Andy\" Whitfield (17 October 1971 \u2013 11 September 2011) was a Welsh actor. He was best known for his leading role in the Starz television series Spartacus: Blood and Sand.", "Q40623": "Quedlinburg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8kve\u02d0dl\u026anb\u028a\u0281k]) is a town situated just north of the Harz mountains, in the district of Harz in the west of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. In 1994, the castle, church and old town were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.\nQuedlinburg has a population of more than 24,000. The town was the capital of the district of Quedlinburg until 2007, when the district was dissolved. Several locations in the town are designated stops along a scenic holiday route, the Romanesque Road.", "Q595575": "The Social Democratic Party (Portuguese: Partido Social Democrata, PSD; pronounced [p\u0250\u027e\u02c8ti\u00f0u susi\u02c8a\u026b d\u0268mu\u02c8k\u027eat\u0250]) is a liberal-conservative political party in Portugal. Commonly known by its colloquial initials PSD, on ballot papers its initials appear as its official form PPD/PSD, with the first three letters coming from the party's original name, the Democratic Peoples' Party (Portuguese: Partido Popular Democr\u00e1tico, PPD). Alongside the Socialist Party (PS), the PSD is one of the two major parties in Portuguese politics.\nThe party was founded in 1974, two weeks after the Carnation Revolution and in 1976 changed to its current name. In 1979, it allied with centre-right parties to form the Democratic Alliance and won that year's election. After the 1983 election, the party formed a grand coalition with the Socialist Party, known as the Central Bloc, before winning the election under new leader An\u00edbal Cavaco Silva in 1985 and shift the party to the right. Cavaco Silva served as Prime Minister for ten years, instituting major economic liberalisation and winning two landslide victories. After he stepped down, the PSD lost the 1995 election. The party was returned to power under Jos\u00e9 Manuel Dur\u00e3o Barroso in 2002, but was defeated in the 2005 election. The party was able to return to power after the 2011 elections and, four years later, was able to win a plurality in the 2015 legislative election, winning 107 seats in the Assembly of the Republic in alliance with the People's Party (CDS-PP), but being unable to form a minority government. The current leader, Rui Rio, a centrist, was elected on 13 January 2018.\nOriginally a social-democratic party, the PSD became the main centre-right, conservative party in Portugal. The PSD is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and the Centrist Democrat International. Until 1996, the PSD belonged to the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR) and Liberal International. The party publishes the weekly Povo Livre (Free People) newspaper.", "Q335598": "Derek Sherinian (born August 25, 1966) is an American keyboardist who has toured and recorded for Alice Cooper, Billy Idol, Yngwie Malmsteen, Steve Vai, and Joe Bonamassa. He was also a member of Dream Theater from 1994 to 1999, is the founder of Planet X and also one of the founding members of Black Country Communion and Sons of Apollo. He has released seven solo albums that have featured a variety of prominent guest musicians, including guitarists Slash, Yngwie Malmsteen, Allan Holdsworth, Steve Lukather, Joe Bonamassa, Billy Sheehan, Zakk Wylde and Al Di Meola.\nSherinian has distinguished himself by his aggressive \"guitaristic\" approach to his keyboard style. In 2018, he was voted No. 9 Greatest Keyboardist Ever in Prog Magazine. He has also appeared on the cover of numerous keyboard magazines around the world, including the November 2011 issue of Keyboard Magazine, which declared Sherinian a \"Keyboard Hero for a new generation\". He has also been called the \"King of the Keys\" by Guitar World magazine and the \"Caligula of Keyboards\" by Alice Cooper. His musical influences include Elton John, Van Halen and Jeff Beck.\nHe is of Greek and Armenian descent and has a special interest in Armenian history.", "Q1232794": "Leif Erickson (born William Wycliffe Anderson, October 27, 1911 \u2013 January 29, 1986) was an American stage, film, and television actor.", "Q92765": "Seymour Roger Cray (September 28, 1925 \u2013 October 5, 1996) was an American electrical engineer and supercomputer architect who designed a series of computers that were the fastest in the world for decades, and founded Cray Research which built many of these machines. Called \"the father of supercomputing\", Cray has been credited with creating the supercomputer industry. Joel S. Birnbaum, then chief technology officer of Hewlett-Packard, said of him: \"It seems impossible to exaggerate the effect he had on the industry; many of the things that high performance computers now do routinely were at the farthest edge of credibility when Seymour envisioned them.\" Larry Smarr, then director of the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois said that Cray is \"the Thomas Edison of the supercomputing industry.\"\n\n", "Q104931": "Dietrich Henschel (born 1967) is a German baritone.", "Q18448": "Osmo Buller is a Finnish Esperantist (born 1950 in Taivalkoski, Oulu, Finland). He is General Director of the Universal Esperanto Association.\nHaving been an active participant at the 1969 World Congress of Esperanto (Universala Kongreso de Esperanto), he began a career with the Finnish Esperanto Association. In 1985 he first began working in the World Esperanto Association Central Office. He became board secretary to the Estraro (UEA steering committee) in 1989 but resigned in 1990 to become director of the Central Office.\nSubsequent to his period of directorship he became UEA general secretary in 1996. In protest at the election of Renato Corsetti as UEA president, he resigned his office in 2001 but returned in 2004. He was named Esperantist of the Year in 2001.", "Q46252": "Crashd\u00efet (often stylised as CRASHD\u00cfET) are a Swedish sleaze metal band from Stockholm. They have released five albums: 2005's Rest in Sleaze, 2007's The Unattractive Revolution, 2010s Generation Wild , 2013's The Savage Playground and 2019's Rust", "Q210042": "George \"Little Hat\" Jones (October 5, 1899 \u2013 March 7, 1981) was an American Texas blues musician.", "Q173561": "Michael May (born 18 August 1934 in Stuttgart, Germany) is a former racing driver from Switzerland. He participated in three Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 14 May 1961. He scored no championship points.\nAfter a crash during practice for the 1961 German Grand Prix, May concentrated on engineering, helping to develop a fuel injection system for Porsche and Ferrari.\nMay is generally credited with introducing the first manipulated elevated wing onto a racing car - a Porsche 550 - to produce downforce (or down thrust) for enhanced braking and cornering speeds to reduce lap times.He also worked in designing high-compression engines, improving fuel economy among other things. The most notable example was his reworked 'Fireball' head for the 'high-efficiency' high-compression Jaguar V-12 HE engine.\n\n", "Q4719892": "Alexander Putilov is a Czech Republic businessperson and co-owns Eurasia Drilling Company. Eurasia Drilling Company is provider of onshore drilling services in Russia and the Czech Republic. As of per Forbes list 2011, he is the 1,057th richest person in the world and 84th richest person in Russia. Putilov has net worth of US$1.1 billion. He is a first-generation entrepreneur and his wealth is self made.", "Q175104": "Jennifer Love Hewitt (born February 21, 1979) is an American actress, producer and singer. Hewitt began her career as a child actress and singer, appearing in national television commercials before joining the cast of the Disney Channel series Kids Incorporated (1989\u20131991) as well as performing as a backup singer. She received her breakthrough role as Sarah Reeves Merrin on the Fox teen drama Party of Five (1995\u20131999) and rose to fame as a teen star for her role as Julie James in the horror film I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997) and its 1998 sequel, as well as Amanda Beckett in the teen comedy film Can't Hardly Wait (1998).\nHewitt starred alongside Sigourney Weaver in the romantic comedy film Heartbreakers (2001) and alongside Jackie Chan in the action comedy film The Tuxedo (2002). From 2005 to 2010, Hewitt starred as Melinda Gordon on the CBS supernatural drama Ghost Whisperer, for which she received two Saturn Awards in 2007 and 2008. She later starred on the Lifetime drama series The Client List from 2012 to 2013, and was previously nominated for a Golden Globe Award for the pilot film. From 2014 to 2015, she starred as Special Agent Kate Callahan on the CBS crime drama Criminal Minds. Since 2018, Hewitt has starred as Maddie Buckley on the Fox police procedural 9-1-1.\nIn music, Hewitt released her debut studio album Love Songs (1992) at age 12 exclusively in Japan. Thereafter, she signed with Atlantic Records for her second and third studio albums, Let's Go Bang (1995) and Jennifer Love Hewitt (1996), both of which were commercially unsuccessful. Hewitt's fourth and most recent studio album to date BareNaked (2002) was released by Jive Records and became her first album to chart in the United States, peaking at number 37 on the Billboard 200 chart. Her most successful single on the Billboard Hot 100 chart was the 1999 release \"How Do I Deal\", which peaked at number 59. In addition to music and acting, Hewitt has served as a producer on some of her film and television projects. Hewitt was identified as the \"number one reader choice\" on the November 1999 and May 2009 covers of Maxim. TV Guide named her the sexiest woman on television in 2008.", "Q133151": "John Michael \"Ozzy\" Osbourne (born 3 December 1948) is an English singer, songwriter, actor, and television personality. He rose to prominence during the 1970s as the lead vocalist of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath, during which he adopted the nickname the \"Prince of Darkness\". Osbourne was fired from the band in 1979 due to alcohol and drug problems, but he went on to have a successful solo career, releasing 12 studio albums, the first seven of which were awarded multi-platinum certifications in the US. Osbourne has since reunited with Black Sabbath on several occasions. He rejoined in 1997 and helped record the group's final studio album 13 (2013), before they embarked on a farewell tour which culminated in a final performance in their home city, Birmingham, England, in February 2017. His longevity and success have earned him the informal title of \"Godfather of Heavy Metal\".Osbourne's total album sales from his years in Black Sabbath, combined with his solo work, is over 100 million. As a member of Black Sabbath, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and he was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame as a solo artist and as a member of the band. Possessing a distinctive singing voice, Osbourne, as a native of Birmingham, is known for his strong Brummie accent \u2013 he has a star on the Birmingham Walk of Stars in his hometown as well as the Hollywood Walk of Fame. At the 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards, he received the Global Icon Award. In 2015, Osbourne received the Ivor Novello Award for Lifetime Achievement from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors.\nIn the early 2000s, Osbourne became a reality television star, appearing as himself in the MTV reality show The Osbournes, alongside wife and manager Sharon and two of their three children, Kelly and Jack. He currently co-stars with Jack and Kelly in the television series Ozzy & Jack's World Detour. The show's third season debuted in June 2018.", "Q94300": "Hans Thomas Hakl (born February 27 1947 in Graz, Austria) is an Austrian publisher, essayist and translator. He has also used the signatures H. T. Hakl, H.T.H., or the pseudonym H. T. Hansen.", "Q58078": "Giulio Terzi di Sant'Agata (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0292u\u02d0ljo \u02c8t\u025brtsi di san\u02c8ta\u02d0\u0261ata]; born 9 June 1946) is an Italian diplomat and politician. He was Italy's Minister of Foreign Affairs in Mario Monti's government from November 2011 until March 2013, Permanent Representative of Italy to the United Nations in New York between 2008 and 2009 and Ambassador of Italy to the United States between 2009 and 2011. \n\n", "Q61821": "Gustav Alfred Julius Meyer (5 October 1891 in G\u00f6ttingen \u2013 11 April 1945 in Hessisch Oldendorf) was a Nazi official. He joined the Nazi party in 1928 and was the Gauleiter of North Westphalia from 1930 to 1945 and the Reichsstatthalter in Lippe and Schaumburg-Lippe from 1933 to 1945.\nBy the time of his death at the end of World War II in Europe, he was a State Secretary and Deputy Reichsminister in the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories (Reichministerium f\u00fcr die Besetzten Ostgebiete or Ostministerium). He represented the ministry with Georg Leibbrandt in the Wannsee Conference.\nMeyer committed suicide in April 1945.", "Q248": "Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, in Silicon Valley. It is the world's largest and highest valued semiconductor chip manufacturer based on revenue, and is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers (PCs). Intel ranked No. 46 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. Intel is incorporated in Delaware.Intel supplies processors for computer system manufacturers such as Apple, Lenovo, HP, and Dell. Intel also manufactures motherboard chipsets, network interface controllers and integrated circuits, flash memory, graphics chips, embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing.\nIntel Corporation was founded on July 18, 1968, by semiconductor pioneers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore (of Moore's law), and is associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Grove. The company's name was conceived as portmanteau of the words integrated and electronics, with co-founder Noyce having been a key inventor of the integrated circuit (the microchip). The fact that \"intel\" is the term for intelligence information also made the name appropriate. Intel was an early developer of SRAM and DRAM memory chips, which represented the majority of its business until 1981. Although Intel created the world's first commercial microprocessor chip in 1971, it was not until the success of the personal computer (PC) that this became its primary business.\nDuring the 1990s, Intel invested heavily in new microprocessor designs fostering the rapid growth of the computer industry. During this period Intel became the dominant supplier of microprocessors for PCs and was known for aggressive and anti-competitive tactics in defense of its market position, particularly against Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), as well as a struggle with Microsoft for control over the direction of the PC industry.The Open Source Technology Center at Intel hosts PowerTOP and LatencyTOP, and supports other open-source projects such as Wayland, Mesa3D, Intel Array Building Blocks, Threading Building Blocks (TBB), and Xen.", "Q325947": "Godfrey Ho (Chinese language: \u4f55\u5fd7\u5f3a or \u4f55\u81f4\u5f3a, born 1948) is a former Hong Kong-based prolific film director and screenwriter, sometimes considered the Ed Wood of Hong Kong cinema. Ho is believed to have directed more than one hundred films, including over 80 movies from 1980 to 1990, but only one film since 1995, apparently retiring from film-making in 2000. Many of his works are now regarded cult films by aficionados of Z movies as being among some of the most unintentionally humorous movies ever created.", "Q530877": "Johan Hendrik Weidner (October 22, 1912, Brussels, Belgium - May 21, 1994, Monterey Park, California, United States) was a highly decorated Dutch hero of World War II.\n\n", "Q76385": "Ulrike Folkerts (born 14 May 1961 in Kassel, Hesse, Germany) is a German actress. She is most famous for playing police officer Lena Odenthal in the German crime television series Tatort. The episodes are located in the town of Ludwigshafen.\nFolkerts, who is openly lesbian, participated in the Gay Games 2002 in Sydney and won a silver and bronze medal in the swimming relay. In the single competition she was disqualified because of a false start. In July 2004 she won a bronze medal at the EuroGames in M\u00fcnchen.On the stage, in 2005 and 2006 she was the first woman to play Death in Jedermann, Hugo von Hofmannsthal's version of Everyman, at the Salzburg Festival.", "Q766445": "Okinawa Prefecture (Japanese: \u6c96\u7e04\u770c, Hepburn: Okinawa-ken, Okinawan: \u30a6\u30c1\u30ca\u30fc Uchinaa, Kunigami: \u30d5\u30c1\u30ca\u30fc Fuchinaa) is the southernmost prefecture of Japan. It encompasses two thirds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) long. The Ryukyu Islands extend southwest from Kagoshima Prefecture on Kyushu (the southwesternmost of Japan's four main islands) to Taiwan. Naha, Okinawa's capital, is located in the southern part of Okinawa Island.\n\nAlthough Okinawa Prefecture comprises just 0.6 percent of Japan's total land mass, about 75 percent of all United States military personnel stationed in Japan are assigned to installations in the prefecture. Currently about 26,000 U.S. troops are based in the prefecture.The indigenous people of Okinawa Prefecture are the Ryukyuan people, comprising the Okinawan, Miyako, Yaeyama and Yonaguni subgroups. The Amami people, who are another Ryukyuan subgroup, live in the Amami Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture.", "Q547427": "Raimon Carrasco Azemar (born Barcelona in February 17, 1924) is a Spanish businessman and former president of FC Barcelona. He is the son of Manuel Carrasco Formiguera and Pilar Azemar i Puig de la Bellacasa, and brother of politician Rosa Maria Carrasco i Azemar. He graduated from IESE Business School and started in the business world as director of Agricultural Industries Company, vice president of the Banco Industrial de Catalunya (BIC) and Sinorgan chemical company, and once he was Financial Advisor of FECSA, the Constructura Ribas and Pradell Chasyr and health insurer.\nHe was one of the architects of the modernization of the Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Navigation in 1966. He was manager of the FC Barcelona from 1969 to 1977 under the presidency of Agust\u00ed Montal i Costa, and interim president of the club from 18 December 1977 to 1 July 1978 when the club's first democratic elections after Francisco Franco were held. Josep Llu\u00eds N\u00fa\u00f1ez was elected.\nAlso, he was a member of Uni\u00f3 Democr\u00e1tica de Catalunya (UDC) (though he never occupied a prominent position) and was a director and past president of Banca Catalana. He was also president of the Foundation Enciclop\u00e8dia Catalan from 2002 to 2006 and member of the Foundation of the UPC. He is the Secretary of the Foundation Institut Guttmann and is a member of the Advisory Board of FC Barcelona.", "Q3218062": "Larry J. Blake (April 24, 1914 \u2013 May 25, 1982) was an American actor. \n\n", "Q120893": "Rolf B\u00fcttiker (born 27 June 1950) is a Swiss politician and business consultant. He was President of the Swiss Council of States for the 2005/2006 term. A member of FDP.The Liberals, he was elected to the Council of States in 1991. From 1987 to 1991, he was member of the National Council.", "Q91278": "Ernst Siehr (1869, Heinrichswalde, East Prussia \u2013 1945) was a German lawyer and politician.", "Q64781": "Erich Klausener (25 January 1885 \u2013 30 June 1934) was a German Catholic politician who was killed in the \"Night of the Long Knives\", a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934, when the Nazi regime carried out a series of political murders.", "Q88729": "Adolf von Thadden (7 July 1921 \u2013 16 July 1996) was a German far-right politician. Born into a leading Pomeranian landowning family \u2013 he was born at the noble estate of Gut Trieglaff near Greifenberg in Pomerania \u2013 he was the half-brother of Elisabeth von Thadden, a prominent critic of the Nazis who was executed by the Nazi government in September 1944.", "Q2038037": "Cyrus Pallonji Mistry (born 4 July 1968) is a businessman of Indian origin and Irish citizenship. He was the chairman of Tata Group, an Indian business conglomerate, from 2012 to 2016. He was the sixth chairman of the group, and only the second (after Nowroji Saklatwala) to not bear the surname Tata. In mid-2012, he was chosen by a selection panel to head the Tata Group and took charge in December the same year. In October 2016, the board of Tata Group's holding company, Tata Sons, voted to remove Mistry from the post of chairman after offering him an opportunity to resign voluntarily. Former chairman Ratan Tata then returned as interim chairman, and Natarajan Chandrasekaran was named as the new chair a few months later. However, in December 2019, the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) declared the appointment of Chandrasekaran as executive chairman illegal, and restored Mistry. However, the Supreme Court stayed NCLAT's order on 10 January 2020. Mistry has filed a cross appeal in the court, seeking explanations for anomalies in the NCLAT.He owns an 18.4% stake in Tata Sons, through his company, Cyrus Investments Pvt. Ltd. In 2018, his net worth was approximately $10 billion. He was a member of the National Integration Council.", "Q97609": "Thomas Danneberg (born June 2, 1942) is a German actor and voice-actor. He is best known as Charles Emerson in the 1967 Edgar Wallace film The Blue Hand and for dubbing over the actors Arnold Schwarzenegger, Terence Hill, Sylvester Stallone, John Cleese, Dan Aykroyd, Adriano Celentano, Nick Nolte, John Travolta, Michael York, Rutger Hauer and Dennis Quaid.\nHe has also collaborated with the German trance/techno-band E Nomine on a number of their albums.", "Q862206": "William K. \"Bill\" Johnson (died August 13, 1955) was an American jazz banjoist, guitarist, and vocalist.\nJohnson was born and raised in Lexington, Kentucky, where he played locally until relocating to New York in 1926. There he worked with the Dixie Ramblers and George Howe, then joined Luis Russell's orchestra in 1927. He remained with Russell until 1932 and during this time recorded with King Oliver, Red Allen, and Jack Purvis. He worked with Fess Williams in 1933-1934 and continued working actively until the end of the 1930s. After retiring from music he moved back to Lexington; in 1955 he died in a house fire.He is often confused with William Manuel Johnson, a jazz bassist, in published works.", "Q184843": "Blade Runner is a 1982 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott, and written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples. Starring Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer and Sean Young, it is loosely based on Philip K. Dick's novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (1968). The film is set in a dystopian future Los Angeles of 2019, in which synthetic humans known as replicants are bio-engineered by the powerful Tyrell Corporation to work on off-world colonies. When a fugitive group of advanced replicants led by Roy Batty (Hauer) escapes back to Earth, burnt-out cop Rick Deckard (Ford) reluctantly agrees to hunt them down.\nBlade Runner initially underperformed in North American theaters and polarized critics; some praised its thematic complexity and visuals, while others were displeased with its slow pacing and lack of action. It later became an acclaimed cult film regarded as one of the all-time best science fiction films. Hailed for its production design depicting a \"retrofitted\" future, Blade Runner is a leading example of neo-noir cinema. The film's soundtrack, composed by Vangelis, was nominated in 1982 for a BAFTA and a Golden Globe as best original score.\nThe film has influenced many science fiction films, video games, anime, and television series. It brought the work of Philip K. Dick to the attention of Hollywood, and several later big-budget films were based on his work, such as Total Recall (1990), Minority Report (2002) and A Scanner Darkly (2006). In the year after its release, Blade Runner won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, and in 1993 it was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". A sequel, Blade Runner 2049, was released in October 2017.\nSeven versions of Blade Runner exist as a result of controversial changes requested by studio executives. A director's cut was released in 1992 after a strong response to test screenings of a workprint. This, in conjunction with the film's popularity as a video rental, made it one of the earliest movies to be released on DVD. In 2007, Warner Bros. released The Final Cut, a 25th-anniversary digitally remastered version; the only version over which Scott retained artistic control.", "Q1152972": "The Svetitskhoveli Cathedral (Georgian: \u10e1\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, svet'icxovlis sak'atedro t'adzari; literally the Cathedral of the Living Pillar) is an Orthodox Christian cathedral located in the historic town of Mtskheta, Georgia, to the northwest of the Georgian capital Tbilisi. A masterpiece of the Early and High Middle Ages, Svetitskhoveli is recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. It is currently the second largest church building in Georgia, after the Holy Trinity Cathedral.\nKnown as the burial site of the claimed Christ's mantle, Svetitskhoveli has long been one of the principal Georgian Orthodox churches and is among the most venerated places of worship in the region. Throughout the centuries, the cathedral served as the burial place for kings. The present cross-in-square structure was completed between 1010 and 1029 by the medieval Georgian architect Arsukisdze, although the site itself dates back to the early fourth century. The exterior archature of the cathedral is a well-preserved example of typical decorations of the 11th century.\nSvetitskhoveli is considered an endangered cultural landmark; it has survived a variety of adversities, and many of its priceless frescoes have been lost due to being whitewashed by the Russian Imperial authorities.", "Q45997": "Paul Bede Johnson (born 2 November 1928) is an English journalist, popular historian, speechwriter, and author. Although associated with the political left in his early career, he is now a conservative popular historian.\nJohnson was educated at the Jesuit independent school Stonyhurst College, and at Magdalen College, Oxford. He first came to prominence in the 1950s as a journalist writing for and later editing the New Statesman magazine. A prolific writer, Johnson has written over 40 books and contributed to numerous magazines and newspapers. His sons include the journalist Daniel Johnson, founder of Standpoint, and the businessman Luke Johnson, former chairman of Channel 4.\n\n", "Q127642": "Howard E. Jackson (June 27, 1951 \u2013 March 7, 2006) was a former World Kickboxing Champion (W.K.A), a World Muay Thai Champion (W.K.B.A), a world rated Karate point fighter, and a world rated boxing contender.", "Q63788": "Ludwig B\u00f6lkow (30 June 1912 \u2013 25 July 2003) was one of the aeronautical pioneers of Germany.", "Q713964": "James Lloyd (born August 20, 1977), better known by his stage name Lil' Cease, is an American rapper and member of hip hop group Junior M.A.F.I.A..", "Q280445": "Claude Gensac (1 March 1927 \u2013 27 December 2016) was a French actress. She appeared in more than 70 films and television productions since 1952. Gensac is the oldest nominee to date in the category C\u00e9sar Award for Best Supporting Actress, nominated in 2015 for her role as Marthe in the film Lulu femme nue.", "Q544890": "Plainfield is a city in Union County, New Jersey, United States, known by its nickname as \"The Queen City.\" As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population increased to 49,808, its highest ever recorded population in any decennial census, with the population having increased by 1,979 (+4.1%) from the 47,829 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,262 (+2.7%) from the 46,567 counted in the 1990 Census.The area of present-day Plainfield was originally formed as Plainfield Township, a township that was created on April 5, 1847, from portions of Westfield Township, while the area was still part of Essex County. On March 19, 1857, Plainfield Township became part of the newly created Union County.Plainfield was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 21, 1869, from portions of Plainfield Township, based on the results of a referendum held that same day. The city and township coexisted until March 6, 1878, when Plainfield Township was dissolved and parts were absorbed by Plainfield city, with the remainder becoming Fanwood Township (now known as Scotch Plains).The name \"Plainfield\", also used in both North Plainfield and South Plainfield, is derived from a local estate or from its scenic location.\n\n", "Q451251": "Ovidie is a French former porn actress, director, actress, producer, journalist and writer. First known as a porn actress from 1999 to 2003, she has since directed pornographic films as well as documentaries and has written several books.", "Q1314035": "Gregor Meyle (born October 13, 1978) is a German singer-songwriter. He first rose to prominence when he auditioned for the talent contest SSDSDSSWEMUGABRTLAD, hosted in Stefan Raab's late-night-show TV total in late-2007, eventually finishing in second place behind Stefanie Heinzmann.\n\nMeyle achieved even more public recognition when he participated in the reality television series Sing meinen Song - Das Tauschkonzert in 2014, the German version of The Best Singers series.", "Q166178": "Kiran Carrie Chetry (Nepali: \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940, born August 26, 1974) is a former American television broadcast journalist who, until 2011, was a cable news anchor for CNN's American Morning. From 2001 to 2007 she reported\u2014and then anchored\u2014cable news at Fox News.", "Q117781": "Hans Altherr (born 29 April 1950, St. Gallen, Switzerland) is a Swiss politician. He is a member of FDP.The Liberals and served as President of the Council of States in 2011 and 2012.\n\n", "Q327836": "Doctor Clayton (born Peter Joe Clayton; April 19, 1898 \u2013 January 7, 1947) was an American blues singer and songwriter.", "Q108879": "Hans Georg Rupp (August 30, 1907 in Stuttgart - September 14, 1989 in M\u00fcnsingen) was a West German judge. He was a judge in the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany from 1951 to 1975.", "Q299114": "Konstantin P\u00e4ts (Estonian pronunciation: [\u02c8kons.t\u0251n\u02b2.tin \u02c8p\u00e6t\u02b2s]; 23 February [O.S. 11 February] 1874 \u2013 18 January 1956) was the most influential politician of interwar Estonia, and served five times as the country's head of government. He was one of the first Estonians to become active in politics and started an almost 40-year political rivalry with Jaan T\u00f5nisson, first through journalism with his newspaper Teataja, later through politics. He was condemned to death during the 1905 Revolution, but managed to flee first to Switzerland, then to Finland, where he continued his literary work. He returned to Estonia, but had to spend time in prison in 1910\u20131911.\nIn 1917, P\u00e4ts headed the provincial government of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia, but was forced to go underground after the October Revolution. On 19 February 1918, P\u00e4ts became one of the three members of the Estonian Salvation Committee that issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence on 24 February. Konstantin P\u00e4ts headed the Estonian Provisional Government (1918\u20131919), although he was imprisoned during the second half of the German Occupation. In the provisional government, P\u00e4ts also served as Minister of Internal Affairs (1918) and Minister of War (1918\u20131919) that left him organizing Estonian troops for the War of Independence.\nDuring the 1920s and early 1930s, P\u00e4ts led the most right-wing party of the major political parties of the time \u2013 the conservative Farmers' Assemblies that eventually merged with the Union of Settlers and Smallholders in 1932. P\u00e4ts was the speaker of the Riigikogu (1922\u20131923) and served five times as State Elder, a post equivalent to that of president in Estonia's radically parliamentarian system (1921\u20131922, 1923\u20131924, 1931\u20131932, 1932\u20131933, and 1933\u20131934). During his last term as State Elder, he organized a coup d'etat to neutralise the right-wing populist Vaps Movement. He was supported by the army and the parliament. During the authoritarian regime (\"Era of Silence\"), many reforms were made and the economy grew, while he prolonged the return of constitutional order. P\u00e4ts ruled as Prime Minister in duties of the State Elder (1934\u20131937) and President-Regent (1937\u20131938) until a new constitution was adopted in 1938, after which P\u00e4ts became the first President of Estonia. During his presidency, the Soviet Union occupied Estonia in 1940. As President, he was forced to sign decrees for over a month, until he was finally arrested and deported to the Soviet Union, where he died in 1956.", "Q168155": "Zbigniew Preisner (Polish: [\u02c8zbi\u0261\u0272\u025bf \u02c8prajsn\u025br]; born 20 May 1955 as Zbigniew Antoni Kowalski) is a Polish film score composer, best known for his work with film director Krzysztof Kie\u015blowski.", "Q72685": "Romuald Karmakar (born February 15, 1965) is a French film director, screenwriter and producer. He was born in Wiesbaden, Germany as the son of a Bengali father and a French mother. From 1977 to 1982 he lived in Athens. He has won several national and international awards, including the German National Film Award in Gold in 1996 for Der Totmacher (Deathmaker). His work has been honored with several retrospectives at festivals and cinematheques. In 2008, the MoMA celebrated his film Das Himmler-Projekt (The Himmler Project) as one of the top 250 most important artistic acquisitions of the Museum since 1980. A member of Akademie der K\u00fcnste, Berlin (the Academy of the Arts, Berlin), Karmakar is internationally regarded for his honest representation of the less attractive aspects of society by focusing on those perpetrators responsible for these downfalls. Karmakar is currently a Fellow at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University (2012\u201313). He has been invited as one of the four artists (together with Ai Weiwei, Santu Mofokeng and Dayanita Singh) to represent Germany at the German Pavilion at the Art Venice Biennale in 2013.\n\n", "Q89351": "Chrysostomus Hanthaler (b. Ried, Upper Austria, 14 February 1690; d. in the Cistercian monastery of Lilienfeld in Lower Austria, 2 September 1754) was a Cistercian historian and numismatist. Having finished his theological studies in Salzburg, he made his profession in 1716 and subsequently devoted himself to historical research.He was part of the renewal in monastic scholarship initiated by the French Maurists. Closer to home, it was Bernard Pez in Melk and Gottfried Bessel in G\u00f6ttweig who inspired Hanthaler. The archives and rich library in Lilienfeld offered a useful field for his activity. On becoming librarian, he made it his first task to compile a reliable catalogue and then collected all documents bearing on the history of Lilienfeld and of Austria. Copies and impressions of memorial tablets, seals, and coins were reproduced until his transcripts and compilations filled twenty-two folio volumes. From this matter he composed the Fasti Campililienses in two large volumes (Linz, 1747\u20131754): this monumental work was a history of Lilienfeld from the thirteenth century to the end of the Middle Ages, a history of the Babenberg dynasty, and also of the Steyer region. His death delayed the completion of his great compilation project. On the suppression of the monastery in 1789, the manuscript was brought to the Imperial Library at Vienna, but the copper plates and prints were sold. Subsequently both came into the hands of Abbot Ladislaus Pyrker, who published the last two volumes under the title of Fastorum Campiliensium Chrysostomi Hanthaler continuatio seu Recensus genealogico-diplomaticus archivi Campiliensis (Vienna, 1819\u201320), together with two appendices containing descriptions of the tombstones and extracts from the necrology of the monastery.Hanthaler left behind numerous other writings including a three-volume work published in Linz in 1744, Grata pro gratiis memoria eorum, quorum pietate Vallis de campo liliorum et surrexit et crevit, also a memorandum book, a contribution to Austrian history. His knowledge of numismatics was displayed in an introductory manual for amateur collectors, entitled Exercitationes faciles de numis veterum (Nuremberg and Vienna, 1753). He also endeavoured to palm off in his \"Fasti\" four chronicles of the Babenbergs as ancient sources, but he himself had written them! These are the Ortilonis de Lilienfeld Liber de exordio Campililii, Notulae anecdotae e chronica stirpis Babenbergicae, quam Aloldus de Peklarn capellanus conscripsit, excerptae; Chronicon Ricardi canonici Newnburgensis and Chronicon Fridrici bellicosi of the Dominican Pernold.", "Q215890": "Carlos Caetano Bledorn Verri (born October 31, 1963 in Iju\u00ed, Rio Grande do Sul), commonly known as Dunga (Brazilian Portuguese: [\u02c8d\u0169\u0261\u0250]), is a Brazilian football manager and former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. Under his captaincy, Brazil won the 1994 FIFA World Cup and he lifted the World Cup trophy. Along with Xavi, he is one of only two men to have played in a World Cup final, an Olympic final, a Confederations Cup final and a continental championship final. He was head coach of Brazil twice. In his first spell from 2006 to 2010, he led them to victory in the 2007 Copa Am\u00e9rica and the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup, and to the quarter-finals of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, after which he was dismissed by the Brazilian Football Confederation. He was appointed in 2014 for a second time, but Brazil's early exit from the Copa Am\u00e9rica Centenario led to his dismissal in June 2016. He was also head coach of Internacional in 2013.\nHis nickname is derived from the Portuguese translation of \"Dopey\", a dwarf from the Disney version of Snow White, and was given to him by his uncle due to his short height during childhood. It was believed that he would be a short adult and the nickname remained in use even after he grew up and became taller. He is of Italian and German descent.", "Q148285": "Rajneesh (born Chandra Mohan Jain, 11 December 1931 \u2013 19 January 1990), also known as Acharya Rajneesh, Bhagwan Shri Rajneesh, and later as Osho (), was an Indian godman and founder of the Rajneesh movement.\nDuring his lifetime he was viewed as a controversial new religious movement leader and mystic. In the 1960s he travelled throughout India as a public speaker and was a vocal critic of socialism, arguing that India was not ready for socialism and that socialism, communism, and anarchism could evolve only when capitalism had reached its maturity. Rajneesh also criticised Mahatma Gandhi and the orthodoxy of mainstream religions. Rajneesh emphasised the importance of meditation, mindfulness, love, celebration, courage, creativity, and humour\u2014qualities that he viewed as being suppressed by adherence to static belief systems, religious tradition, and socialisation. In advocating a more open attitude to human sexuality he caused controversy in India during the late 1960s and became known as \"the sex guru\".In 1970, Rajneesh spent time in Mumbai initiating followers known as \"neo-sannyasins\". During this period he expanded his spiritual teachings and commented extensively in discourses on the writings of religious traditions, mystics, and philosophers from around the world. In 1974, Rajneesh relocated to Poona, where an ashram was established and a variety of therapies, incorporating methods first developed by the Human Potential Movement, were offered to a growing Western following. By the late 1970s, the tension between the ruling Janata Party government of Morarji Desai and the movement led to a curbing of the ashram's development and a back tax claim estimated at $5 million.In 1981, the Rajneesh movement's efforts refocused on activities in the United States and Rajneesh relocated to a facility known as Rajneeshpuram in Wasco County, Oregon. Almost immediately the movement ran into conflict with county residents and the state government, and a succession of legal battles concerning the ashram's construction and continued development curtailed its success. In 1985, in the wake of a series of serious crimes by his followers, including a mass food poisoning attack with salmonella bacteria and an aborted assassination plot to murder U.S. Attorney Charles H. Turner, Rajneesh alleged that his personal secretary Ma Anand Sheela and her close supporters had been responsible. He was later deported from the United States in accordance with an Alford plea bargain.After his deportation, 21 countries denied him entry. He ultimately returned to India and revived the Pune ashram, where he died in 1990. Rajneesh's ashram, now known as OSHO International Meditation Resort, and all associated intellectual property, is managed by the registered Osho International Foundation (formerly Rajneesh International Foundation). Rajneesh's teachings have had an impact on Western New Age thought, and their popularity has increased markedly since his death.", "Q263906": "Traci Bingham (born January 13, 1968) is an American actress, model, and television personality who is best known for playing Jordan Tate on the television series Baywatch between 1996 and 1998.", "Q289307": "Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki (born Ioanna Daskalaki, 1955) is a Greek businesswoman and Ambassador-at-Large for the Hellenic State. She is best known for being the leader of the bidding and organizing committees for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. In July of this year she was appointed by Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis, to lead Greece 2021, a year-long initiative to both commemorate the 200th anniversary of the Greek Revolution and to introduce to the world a new Greece of effort and optimism. \nShe was named one of the 50 most powerful women by Forbes magazine and is the author of the NYTimes Bestseller My Greek Drama.\n\n", "Q608388": "Federico Campbell Quiroz (July 1, 1941 \u2013 February 15, 2014), known as Federico Campbell, was a writer from northern Mexico. Campbell is known for the short story collection Tijuanenses (Tijuana: Stories on the Border). In 2000, he won the Colima Prize for Fiction with his novel Transpeninsular. In 1995, he was awarded the J. S. Guggenheim Fellowship. Campbell translated works by Harold Pinter, David Mamet, and Leonardo Sciascia, among others, into Spanish.\nBorn in Tijuana, Mexico, Campbell was the son of Carmen Quiroz, a teacher, and Federico Campbell, a telegraph operator whose ancestors migrated to Mexico from Virginia in the 1830s. He had two sisters, Sarina and Silvia Campbell Quiroz, and with Margarita Pe\u00f1a Mu\u00f1oz, a Mexican translator and researcher interested in Novohispanic literature, had one son, Federico Campbell Pe\u00f1a, who is a journalist.", "Q117959": "R\u00e9my Pagani (born 21 April 1954) is a Swiss politician. He is a member of \u00c0 gauche toute! Gen\u00e8ve and served as the mayor of Geneva from 1 June 2009 to 3 May 2010. Pagani served as mayor of Geneva for a second time from 1 June 2012 to 31 May 2013.\n\n", "Q381029": "Francisco Jos\u00e9 Pereira Pinto Balsem\u00e3o (Portuguese pronunciation: [f\u027e\u0250\u0303\u02c8si\u0283ku \u02c8p\u0129tu ba\u026bs\u0268\u02c8m\u0250\u0303w\u0303]; born 1 September 1937 in Lisbon), is a Portuguese businessman, former journalist and retired politician, who served as Prime Minister of Portugal, from 1981 to 1983.", "Q258990": "Lujza Blaha (1850-1926, born Ludovika Reindl) was a Hungarian actress and singer. She was known as \"the nation's nightingale\", an epithet given her by writer M\u00f3r J\u00f3kai.", "Q68805": "Karl Ludwig von Knebel (30 November 1744 \u2013 23 February 1834) was a German poet and translator.", "Q59400": "Thomas Osborne, 4th Duke of Leeds, KG, PC, DL, FRS (6 November 1713 \u2013 23 March 1789), styled Earl of Danby from birth until 1729 and subsequently Marquess of Carmarthen until 1731, was a British peer, politician and judge.", "Q163000": "Sebastian Harrison White (December 24, 1864 \u2013 December 21, 1945) was a U.S. Representative from Colorado and a Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court.", "Q31970": "Brenda Lee Strong (born March 25, 1960) is an American actress. She began her career in television, including appearances in Twin Peaks, Party of Five, Seinfeld, Blossom, and Sports Night. She was a regular cast member in the sitcoms Scorch (1992), and The Help (2004).\nStrong had supporting roles in a number of films, including Starship Troopers (1997), Black Dog (1998), The Deep End of the Ocean (1999), Starship Troopers 2: Hero of the Federation (2004) and The Work and the Glory (2004). She is best known for her role as Mary Alice Young in the ABC television comedy-drama series, Desperate Housewives (2004\u20132012), for which she was nominated for two Emmy Awards. Strong later starred as Ann Ewing in the TNT prime time soap opera, Dallas (2012\u201314).\nIn 2016, she undertook a recurring role as Lillian Luthor on Supergirl. Strong appeared as a recurring character in the second season of the Netflix Original 13 Reasons Why, as Nora Walker, Bryce's mother. On September 7, 2018 Strong was promoted to series regular for its third season.", "Q256765": "Bruneck (German pronunciation: [\u02c8br\u028an\u025bk]; Italian: Brunico [bru\u02c8ni\u02d0ko] or [\u02c8bru\u02d0niko] Ladin: Bornech or Burnech; Latin: Branecium or Brunopolis is the largest town in the Puster Valley in the Italian province of South Tyrol.", "Q210730": "Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (26 February 1725 \u2013 2 October 1804) was a French inventor who built the world's first full-size and working self-propelled mechanical land-vehicle, the \"Fardier \u00e0 vapeur\" \u2014 effectively the world's first automobile.\n\n", "Q154874": "Yellow fever is a viral disease of typically short duration. In most cases, symptoms include fever, chills, loss of appetite, nausea, muscle pains particularly in the back, and headaches. Symptoms typically improve within five days. In about 15% of people, within a day of improving the fever comes back, abdominal pain occurs, and liver damage begins causing yellow skin. If this occurs, the risk of bleeding and kidney problems is increased.The disease is caused by yellow fever virus and is spread by the bite of an infected female mosquito. It infects only humans, other primates, and several types of mosquitoes. In cities, it is spread primarily by Aedes aegypti, a type of mosquito found throughout the tropics and subtropics. The virus is an RNA virus of the genus Flavivirus. The disease may be difficult to tell apart from other illnesses, especially in the early stages. To confirm a suspected case, blood-sample testing with polymerase chain reaction is required.A safe and effective vaccine against yellow fever exists, and some countries require vaccinations for travelers. Other efforts to prevent infection include reducing the population of the transmitting mosquitoes. In areas where yellow fever is common, early diagnosis of cases and immunization of large parts of the population are important to prevent outbreaks. Once infected, management is symptomatic with no specific measures effective against the virus. Death occurs in up to half of those who get severe disease.In 2013, yellow fever resulted in about 127,000 severe infections and 45,000 deaths, with nearly 90 percent of these occurring in African nations. Nearly a billion people live in an area of the world where the disease is common. It is common in tropical areas of the continents of South America and Africa, but not in Asia. Since the 1980s, the number of cases of yellow fever has been increasing. This is believed to be due to fewer people being immune, more people living in cities, people moving frequently, and changing climate increasing the habitat for mosquitoes. The disease originated in Africa and spread to South America with the slave trade in the 17th century. Since the 17th century, several major outbreaks of the disease have occurred in the Americas, Africa, and Europe. In the 18th and 19th centuries, yellow fever was seen as one of the most dangerous infectious diseases. In 1927, yellow fever virus became the first human virus to be isolated.", "Q133637": "V\u00e1clav Hampl (born 1 July 1962) is a Czech physiologist and politician who has been Senator from Prague 1 since 2014. From 2006 to 2014, Hampl served as Rector of the Charles University.\n\n", "Q60281": "Johannes Tauler OP (c. 1300 \u2013 16 June 1361) was a German mystic, a Roman Catholic priest and a theologian. A disciple of Meister Eckhart, he belonged to the Dominican order. Tauler was known as one of the most important Rhineland mystics. He promoted a certain neo-platonist dimension in the Dominican spirituality of his time.", "Q22002990": "Matt Saunders (born 1975) is a contemporary artist who is known for his work across diverse media, including painting, photography, video installation and printmaking.", "Q216341": "Connie Francis (born Concetta Rosa Maria Franconero; December 12, 1938) is an American pop singer, former actress, and top-charting female vocalist of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Although her chart success waned in the second half of the 1960s, Francis remained a top concert draw. Despite several severe interruptions in her career, she is still active as a recording and performing artist.\n\n", "Q739627": "The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State or PSU) is a public, land-grant, research university with campuses and facilities throughout Pennsylvania. Founded in 1855 as the Farmers' High School of Pennsylvania, Penn State conducts teaching, research, and public service. Its instructional mission includes undergraduate, graduate, professional and continuing education offered through resident instruction and online delivery. Its University Park campus, which is the largest and serves as the administrative hub, lies within the Borough of State College and College Township. It has two law schools: Penn State Law, on the school's University Park campus, and Dickinson Law, located in Carlisle, 90 miles south of State College. The College of Medicine is located in Hershey. Penn State is one university, geographically distributed throughout Pennsylvania. There are 19 commonwealth campuses and 5 special mission campuses located across the state. Penn State has been labeled one of the \"Public Ivies,\" a publicly funded university considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League.Annual enrollment at the University Park campus totals more than 46,800 graduate and undergraduate students, making it one of the largest universities in the United States. It has the world's largest dues-paying alumni association. The university's total enrollment in 2015\u201316 was approximately 97,500 across its 24 campuses and online through its World Campus.The university offers more than 160 majors among all its campuses. The university's research expenditures totaled $836 million during the 2016 fiscal year.Annually, the university hosts the Penn State IFC/Panhellenic Dance Marathon (THON), which is the world's largest student-run philanthropy. This event is held at the Bryce Jordan Center on the University Park campus. In 2014, THON raised a program record of $13.3 million. The university's athletics teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Penn State Nittany Lions. They compete in the Big Ten Conference for most sports.", "Q155559": "He's Just Not That into You is a 2009 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Ken Kwapis and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is based on Greg Behrendt's and Liz Tuccillo's 2004 self-help book of the same name. Its story follows nine people and their varying romantic problems. Gigi, a common thread amongst the characters, is followed more closely than the other eight people and has a more developed storyline as she consistently misreads all of her romantic partners' behaviors. She meets Alex, played by Long, who helps her to interpret signs given to her by her dates. The film stars Ben Affleck, Jennifer Aniston, Drew Barrymore, Jennifer Connelly, Kevin Connolly, Bradley Cooper, Ginnifer Goodwin, Scarlett Johansson, and Justin Long.\nThe film was produced by New Line Cinema and Flower Films, the production company owned by Drew Barrymore, who served as an executive producer. Production began in the United States in 2007, where it was released on February 6, 2009. It grossed $27,785,487 during its opening weekend and over $178,866,158 worldwide. The film has an approval rating of 41% based on 165 reviews Rotten Tomatoes.", "Q78425": "Hermann Ehlers (1 October 1904 \u2013 29 October 1954) was a German politician. He was the 2nd President of the Bundestag from 19 October 1950 to 29 October 1954.\nHe was a member of the Christian Democratic Union.", "Q11493": "Danese Cooper is an American programmer, computer scientist and advocate of open source software.", "Q112612": "Le Cousin is a 1997 French film directed by Alain Corneau.", "Q673909": "The Dreil\u00e4nderspitze is one of the higher mountains in the Silvretta range in the eastern Alps, at 3,197 metres. The borders of Graub\u00fcnden (Switzerland), Vorarlberg (Austria) and Tyrol (Austria) meet at the peak. Its name (Dreil\u00e4nderspitze means peak of three countries) refers to a meeting point between the territories of three ancient tribes (Rhaeto-Romance or Romansch, Bavarii and Alamanni) and their languages. It is also on the watershed between the Rhine and Danube. It is a favourite viewpoint, due to its position and accessibility. Its first documented ascent was by the German alpinist Theodor Petersen, accompanied by two locals, on 14 July 1870, although it appeared to have been previously climbed by surveyors in the 1850s. The nearest settlements are Galt\u00fcr, 14 km to the north, and Guarda, 9 km to the south.", "Q174597": "James Addams Beaver (October 21, 1837 \u2013 January 31, 1914) was an American attorney, recruiter and field commander of Pennsylvania Infantry who was wounded four times during the Civil War, and politician who served as the 20th Governor of Pennsylvania from 1887 to 1891. He also served as the acting president of the Pennsylvania State University from 1906 to 1908.", "Q537895": "Mark Duane Morton (born November 25, 1972) is the lead guitarist of the American heavy metal band Lamb of God.", "Q85580": "Heinrich Hertel (13 November 1901 \u2013 5 December 1982) was a German aeronautical engineer.\nAfter graduating as an engineer from Munich Technical College, he joined the Junkers company in 1926. In 1932, he was recruited by Ernst Heinkel and two years later was made the Technical Director of the Heinkel company \u2014 within which Siegfried and Walter G\u00fcnter were already well-established as top engineers \u2014 where he oversaw many projects including the Heinkel He 100 and He 111.\nIn May 1939 he returned to the Board of Directors at Junkers where he was closely connected with the development of the Junkers Ju 288 and Ju 248.\nIn February 1945, he also worked on a project of the Dornier Do 635, one of the twin boom fighter aircraft developed from Dornier Do 335 but the project was cancelled in 1945.\nAfter World War II, Hertel worked in France before returning to Germany in 1950 to teach aeronautics in Berlin. From 1959 until his retirement in 1977 he worked as a technical consultant for Focke-Wulf in Bremen.", "Q323463": "Dennis Coles (born May 9, 1970), better known by his stage name Ghostface Killah, is an American rapper, songwriter and actor and member of the Wu-Tang Clan. After the group achieved breakthrough success in the aftermath of Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers), the members went on to pursue solo careers to varying levels of success. Ghostface Killah debuted his solo-career with Ironman in 1996, which was well received by music critics. He has continued his success over the following years with critically acclaimed albums such as Supreme Clientele (2000) and Fishscale (2006). His stage name was taken from one of the characters in the 1979 kung fu film Mystery of Chessboxing. He is the founder of his own label Starks Enterprises.\nGhostface Killah is critically acclaimed for his loud, fast-paced flow, and his emotional stream-of-consciousness narratives containing cryptic slang and non-sequiturs. In 2006, MTV included him on their honorable mention list of The Greatest MCs of All Time, while the editors of About.com placed him on their list of the Top 50 MCs of Our Time (1987\u20132007), calling him \"one of the most imaginative storytellers of our time.\" Q magazine called him \"rap's finest storyteller.\" Pitchfork Media stated that, \"Ghostface has unparalleled storytelling instincts; he might be the best, most colorful storyteller rap has ever seen.\" NPR called him \"a compulsive storyteller\", and asserted, \"His fiction is painterly.\"", "Q680881": "Pierre Brossolette (25 June 1903 \u2013 22 March 1944) was a French journalist, a leading left-wing politician, and a major hero of the French Resistance.", "Q164784": "Jean-Gaston Darboux FAS MIF FRS FRSE (14 August 1842 \u2013 23 February 1917) was a French mathematician.", "Q686228": "The National Liberal Party (Romanian: Partidul Na\u021bional Liberal, PNL) is a conservative-liberal and liberal conservative political party in Romania. Refounded in 1990, it claims the legacy of the major political party of the same name, active between 1875 and the late 1940s in the Kingdom of Romania. Based on this legacy, it often presents itself as the first formally constituted political party in the country and the oldest party from the family of European liberal parties.Until 2014, the PNL was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE). The party statutes adopted in June 2014 dropped any reference to international affiliation, consequently most of its MEPs joined the European People's Party group (EPP) in the European Parliament.\nOn 12 September 2014, it was admitted as a full member of the European People's Party, and subsequently merged with the Democratic Liberal Party. The party was also a member of the Liberal International before switching to Centrist Democrat International. Currently, it is the second-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 82 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 31 in the Senate, behind the opposition Social Democratic Party (PSD).", "Q71367": "Otto Ritter von Dandl (13 May 1868 in Straubing \u2013 20 May 1942) was the last Minister-President of the Kingdom of Bavaria.", "Q228244": "The Accidental Husband is a 2008 American romantic comedy film directed by Griffin Dunne and starring Uma Thurman, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, Colin Firth, Isabella Rossellini, and Sam Shepard. The film was written by Mimi Hare, Clare Naylor and Bonnie Sikowitz, and was produced by Jennifer Todd, Jason Blum, and Uma Thurman. It was theatrically released in the United Kingdom in 2008, but was released direct-to-DVD in the United States.", "Q153128": "The Independent State of Croatia (Serbo-Croatian: Nezavisna Dr\u017eava Hrvatska, NDH; German: Unabh\u00e4ngiger Staat Kroatien; Italian: Stato indipendente di Croazia) was a World War II-era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. It was established in parts of occupied Yugoslavia on 10 April 1941, after the invasion by the Axis powers. Its territory consisted of most of modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as some parts of modern-day Serbia and Slovenia, but also excluded many Croat-populated areas in Dalmatia (until late 1943), Istria, and Me\u0111imurje regions (which today are part of Croatia).\nDuring its entire existence, the NDH was governed as a one-party state by the fascist Usta\u0161a organization. The Usta\u0161e was led by the Poglavnik, Ante Paveli\u0107. The regime targeted Serbs, Jews and Roma as part of a large-scale campaign of genocide, as well as anti-fascist or dissident Croats and Bosnian Muslims.Between 1941\u201345, 22 concentration camps existed inside the territory controlled by the Independent State of Croatia, two of which (Jastrebarsko and Sisak) housed only children and the largest of which was Jasenovac.The state was officially a monarchy after the signing of the Laws of the Crown of Zvonimir on 15 May 1941. Appointed by Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta initially refused to assume the crown in opposition to the Italian annexation of the Croat-majority populated region of Dalmatia, annexed as part of the Italian irredentist agenda of creating a Mare Nostrum (\"Our Sea\"). He later briefly accepted the throne due to pressure from Victor Emmanuel III and was titled Tomislav II of Croatia, but never moved from Italy to reside in Croatia.From the signing of the Treaties of Rome on 18 May 1941 until the Italian capitulation on 8 September 1943, the state was a territorial condominium of Germany and Italy. \"Thus on 15 April 1941, Paveli\u0107 came to power, albeit a very limited power, in the new Ustasha state under the umbrella of German and Italian forces. On the same day German F\u00fchrer Adolf Hitler and Italian Duce Benito Mussolini granted recognition to the Croatian state and declared that their governments would be glad to participate with the Croatian government in determining its frontiers.\" In its judgement in the Hostages Trial, the Nuremberg Military Tribunal concluded that NDH was not a sovereign state. According to the Tribunal, \"Croatia was at all times here involved an occupied country\".In 1942, Germany suggested Italy take military control of all of Croatia out of a desire to redirect German troops from Croatia to the Eastern Front. Italy however rejected the offer as it did not believe that it could handle the unstable situation in the Balkans alone. After the ousting of Mussolini and the Kingdom of Italy's armistice with the Allies, the NDH on 10 September 1943 declared that the Treaties of Rome were null and void and annexed the portion of Dalmatia that had been ceded to Italy. The NDH attempted to annex Zara, which had been a recognized territory of Italy since 1919 but long an object of Croatian irredentism, but Germany did not allow it.", "Q184116": "Gary is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States, 25 miles (40 km) from downtown Chicago, Illinois. Gary is adjacent to the Indiana Dunes National Park and borders southern Lake Michigan. Gary was named after lawyer Elbert Henry Gary, who was the founding chairman of the United States Steel Corporation. The city is known for its large steel mills, and as the birthplace of the Jackson 5 music group.Once the second largest city in Indiana, the population of Gary was 80,294 at the 2010 census, making it the ninth-largest city in the state of Indiana. It was a prosperous city from the 1920s through the mid-1960s due to its booming steel industry, but overseas competition and restructuring of the steel industry resulted in a decline and a severe loss of jobs.\nSince the late 1960s, Gary has suffered drastic population loss, falling by 55 percent from its peak of 178,320 in 1960. The city faces the difficulties of many Rust Belt cities, including unemployment, decaying infrastructure, and low literacy and educational attainment levels. It is estimated that nearly one-third of all houses in the city are unoccupied or abandoned.", "Q139497": "Westmount is an affluent suburb on the Island of Montreal, in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is an enclave of the city of Montreal, with a population of 19,931 as of the Canada 2011 Census.\nWestmount is home to schools, an arena, a pool, a public library and a number of parks, including Westmount Park, King George Park (also known as Murray Hill Park) and Westmount Summit. The city operates its own electricity distribution company Westmount Light & Power (Hydro-Westmount). The city is also the location of two Canadian Forces Primary Reserves: The Royal Montreal Regiment and 34th Signals Regiment.\nTraditionally, the community of Westmount has been a wealthy and predominantly anglophone enclave, having been at one point the richest community in Canada. It now competes with the Vancouver neighbourhoods of Shaughnessy and Kerrisdale, and the Toronto neighbourhoods of Lawrence Park, Forest Hill, Rosedale, and The Bridle Path, for the title.", "Q929788": "Steven Levy (born 1951) is an American journalist who has written several books on computers, technology, cryptography, the internet, cybersecurity, and privacy.", "Q65312": "Fulenbach is a municipality in the district of Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q888152": "Robert Arthur Mould (born October 16, 1960) is an American musician, principally known for his work as guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter for alternative rock bands H\u00fcsker D\u00fc in the 1980s and Sugar in the 1990s.", "Q86089": "Helmuth Schneider (18 December 1920 \u2013 17 March 1972) was a German actor.Schneider portrayed the role of Uncle Dimitri in The White Horses. \nHe died in a traffic accident in Rio de Janeiro in 1972.", "Q23347": "John Christian Watson (born John Christian Tanck; 9 April 1867 \u2013 18 November 1941), commonly known as Chris Watson, was an Australian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of Australia. He was the first Prime Minister from the Australian Labour Party, and led the world's first Labour Party government, indeed the world's first socialist or social democratic government, at a national level. From paternal German and maternal British ancestry, he is the only Australian Prime Minister not born in a Commonwealth country.First elected to the Parliament of New South Wales seat of Young from the 1894 colonial election, Watson moved to the Parliament of Australia seat of Bland at the inaugural 1901 federal election following the Federation of Australia, where the state Labour parties received a combined 15.8% of the first past the post primary vote against the two more dominant parties. The Caucus chose Watson as the inaugural parliamentary Labour leader on 8 May 1901, just in time for the first sitting of parliament. Labour led by Watson increased their vote to 31% at the 1903 federal election and 36.6% at the 1906 federal election, the latter of which saw Watson move from his abolished seat of Bland to South Sydney. Labour held the balance of power since 1901 and usually provided confidence and supply to the Protectionist Party governments of Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin and frequently supported their legislation in exchange for Labour policy implementation.Watson's term as Prime Minister was brief \u2013 only four months, between 27 April and 18 August 1904. The Watson Government did pass a handful of bills, but more importantly it set the precedent of a Labour Party Prime Minister. He resigned as Labour leader in 1907 and from Parliament in 1910. Labour led by Andrew Fisher would go on to win the 1910 federal election with over 50% of the primary vote, representing a number of firsts: it was Australia's first elected federal majority government; Australia's first elected Senate majority; the world's first Labour Party majority government at a national level; and after the 1904 Watson minority government, the world's second Labour Party government at a national level.According to Percival Serle, Watson \"left a much greater impression on his time than this would suggest. He came at the right moment for his party, and nothing could have done it more good than the sincerity, courtesy and moderation which he always showed as a leader\". Alfred Deakin wrote of Watson: \"The Labour section has much cause for gratitude to Mr Watson, the leader whose tact and judgement have enabled it to achieve many of its Parliamentary successes\".", "Q90833": "Thomas Ludwig Albert Oppermann (born 27 April 1954 in Freckenhorst, West Germany) is a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Since October 2017 he has been Vice President of the Bundestag. He served as First Secretary (2007-2013) and later as chairman (2013-2017) of the SPD Parliamentary Group in the Bundestag.\nOppermann belongs to the right wing of the SPD, known as reformists and moderates.", "Q109554": "Otto Bohl (8 May 1885 \u2013 24 October 1969) was the mayor of Augsburg, Germany, between January 1930 and May 1933. He was a member of the Bavarian People's Party. He studied legal science in Heidelberg and Munich. From 1948 till 1958 he was the Landrat of district Illertissen.", "Q8797": "Aemilius Macer of Verona was a Roman didactic poet. He authored two poems, one on birds (Ornithogonia), a translation of a work by Boios, and the other on the antidotes against the poison of serpents (Theriaca), which he imitated from the Greek poet Nicander of Colophon. According to Jerome, he died in 16 BC. It is possible that he wrote also a botanical work. The extant hexameter poem known as Floridus or De viribus (aut virtutibus) herbarum, traditionally ascribed to Macer, is actually a medieval production by Odo Magdunensis, a French physician.Aemilius Macer must be distinguished from the Macer called Iliacus in the Ovidian catalogue of poets, the author of an epic poem on the events preceding the opening of the Iliad. The fact of his being addressed by Ovid in one of the epistles Ex Ponto shows that he was alive long after Aemilius Macer. He had been identified with the son or grandson of Theophanes of Mytilene, the intimate friend of Pompey.", "Q156050": "Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by ingestion of unpasteurized milk or undercooked meat from infected animals, or close contact with their secretions. It is also known as undulant fever, Malta fever, and Mediterranean fever.Brucella species are small, Gram-negative, nonmotile, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped (coccobacilli) bacteria. They function as facultative intracellular parasites, causing chronic disease, which usually persists for life. Four species infect humans: B. abortus, B. canis, B. melitensis, and B. suis. B. abortus is less virulent than B. melitensis and is primarily a disease of cattle. B. canis affects dogs. B. melitensis is the most virulent and invasive species; it usually infects goats and occasionally sheep. B. suis is of intermediate virulence and chiefly infects pigs. Symptoms include profuse sweating and joint and muscle pain. Brucellosis has been recognized in animals and humans since the 20th century.", "Q448933": "Ethel Stark, (25 August 1910 \u2013 16 February 2012) was a Canadian violinist and conductor.\nBorn in Montreal, Quebec, she studied at the McGill Conservatory of Music with Alfred De S\u00e8ve and Alfred Whitehead. From 1928 to 1934, she studied at the Curtis Institute of Music with Lea Luboshutz, Louis Bailly, Artur Rodzi\u0144ski, Fritz Reiner and Carl Flesch. For many years she taught on the faculty of the Conservatoire de musique du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al.In 1979 she was made a Member of the Order of Canada. In 2003 she was made a Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec. In 1980 she was awarded a Doctor of Laws, honoris causa degree from Concordia University.She died in Montreal and was buried in Montreal's Spanish and Portuguese Congregation Cemetery.A park in Montreal has been named after her. Parc Ethel-Stark is located at the corner of Prince-Arthur Ouest and Clark streets.", "Q35525": "The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C. and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in 1800. The term \"White House\" is often used as a metonym for the president and his advisers.\nThe residence was designed by Irish-born architect James Hoban in the neoclassical style. Hoban modelled the building on Leinster House in Dublin, a building which today houses the Oireachtas, the Irish legislature. Construction took place between 1792 and 1800 using Aquia Creek sandstone painted white. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) added low colonnades on each wing that concealed stables and storage. In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by the British Army in the Burning of Washington, destroying the interior and charring much of the exterior. Reconstruction began almost immediately, and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed Executive Residence in October 1817. Exterior construction continued with the addition of the semi-circular South portico in 1824 and the North portico in 1829.\nBecause of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later in 1909, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office, which was eventually moved as the section was expanded. In the main mansion, the third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the residence's load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing steel frame constructed inside the walls. Once this work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt.\nThe modern-day White House complex includes the Executive Residence, West Wing, East Wing, the Eisenhower Executive Office Building\u2014the former State Department, which now houses offices for the president's staff and the vice president\u2014and Blair House, a guest residence. The Executive Residence is made up of six stories\u2014the Ground Floor, State Floor, Second Floor, and Third Floor, as well as a two-story basement. The property is a National Heritage Site owned by the National Park Service and is part of the President's Park. In 2007, it was ranked second on the American Institute of Architects list of \"America's Favorite Architecture\".", "Q1144645": "Curley Money (March 20, 1925 \u2013 December 23, 2003) was an American rockabilly musician.\nRobert Earnest Money, known by his stage name Curley Money, was the youngest of eight children born to a sharecropper in Haleburg, Alabama. Only eight years old when he first developed musical interests, Money could later be found fiddling at barn dances on Saturday nights in Henry County for extra cash. In 1942 he moved to Columbus, Georgia to find work in the Cotton Mills. While there, his dream of being a country artist and songwriter manifested. He toured nationally with the group he assembled, \u201cThe Rhythm Ramblers\u201d. Traveling along with his group was his nephew, Comer Money. Comer went on to publish several records in the 1960s under his uncle\u2019s record labels. The group's popularity continued to grow and finally, they landed a radio show on WGBA Radio in Columbus. Later they made several regular appearances on WRBL TV as part of the \u201cSpec and Doyal Wright Show\u201d.\nIn 1956 Money launched record label, Rambler Records. \u201dPlaying the Game\u201d/\u201dWhy must I cry\u201d was the label's first release, in April 1956; it was a great success and prompted him to continue with other releases such as \u201cGonna Rock\u201d which made it to #3 on Billboard Chart. He later had to change the name of his label to Money Records. He failed to get proper copyrights on the first label, and another company took his label name. He released a total of 42 singles through 1965.\nAnother release of Money\u2019s caused quite a stir in the 1990s. \u201cChang Gang Charlie\u201d remained hidden away in Sun Records, located in Memphis, Tennessee, for over 30 years until it was included on two compilations of previously unreleased material by Charly and Bear Family Records. This song was recorded on September 4, 1956, in Sun Studios.\nThe Gold Standard record label in Nashville served as the home for some of the later recordings of Money, whose recordings extended into the 1970s. Simultaneously, Money was managing several local nightclubs in Columbus, like the locally-famous Green Valley Club located out River Road. He also maintained a day job as a radio announcer on WHYD in Columbus. Buffalo Bop issued an LP, Buffalo Bop 2003, with 12 tracks by Money in 1985.\nMoney was inducted into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame in 2003. He performed at a number of dance halls between Columbus and Nashville in those days. He continued to perform in the Columbus area for several years until landing his last and longest running gig ever. This one would last him over 15 years with the same band at the Gallops Senior Center. There he could be found entertaining some of his lifelong friends and fans and singing those hits that made him famous until he died on December 23, 2003, in Columbus, Georgia.", "Q562102": "Tor Jonsson (14 May 1916 \u2013 14 January 1951) was a Norwegian author and journalist. Tor Jonsson is known for simple, strongly worded lyric poetry, but his poems stir up conflicts and a sense of loneliness. One senses a strong resistance to the legacy of national romantic spirit in his works.", "Q118459": "Johann Boemus (Bohm, Bohemus) (c.1485-1535) was a German humanist, canon of Ulm Minster, traveller, and Hebraist. He was compiler and author of the first ethnographic compendium of the Early Modern period in Europe.His Omnium Gentium Mores, Leges et Ritus was published in 1520. It was reprinted multiple times in the sixteenth century, including a 1571 edition. There were later editions, accumulating related treatises by other scholars. It influenced Sebastian Muenster's Cosmography, and helped inspire the Hauptchronik of Sebastian Franck. It helped set the stage for subsequent investigations of the connections of law to culture, including Paul Henri Mallett's Northern Antiquities (1770).\nThere were English translations by William Waterman (1555) (The Fardle of Facions) and Edward Aston, The Manners, Lawes and Customs of all Nations (London: G. Eld, 1611). This book is cited as the first scientific approach to ethnography available in English.", "Q725583": "Francesco Dall'Ongaro (Italian: [fran\u02c8t\u0283esko dal\u02c8lo\u014b\u0261aro]; 1808\u20131873) was an Italian writer, poet and dramatist.\n\n", "Q368674": "License to Wed is a 2007 American romantic comedy film starring Robin Williams, Mandy Moore and John Krasinski, and directed by Ken Kwapis. The film was released in theaters on July 3, 2007.", "Q575318": "James Fintan Lalor (in Irish, S\u00e9amas Fionnt\u00e1n \u00d3 Leathlobhair) (10 March 1807 \u2013 27 December 1849) was an Irish revolutionary, journalist, and \u201cone of the most powerful writers of his day.\u201d A leading member of the Irish Confederation (Young Ireland), he was to play an active part in both the Rebellion in July 1848 and the attempted Rising in September of that same year. Lalor's writings were to exert a seminal influence on later Irish leaders such as Michael Davitt, James Connolly, P\u00e1draig Pearse, and Arthur Griffith.", "Q619508": "Rag\u0131p Zarakolu (born 1948) is a Turkish human rights activist and publisher who has long faced legal harassment for publishing books on controversial subjects in Turkey, especially on minority and human rights in Turkey.", "Q15193": "Alexander I (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447, Aleksandr Pavlovich; 23 December [O.S. 12 December] 1777 \u2013 1 December [O.S. 19 November] 1825) was the Emperor of Russia (Tsar) between 1801 and 1825. He was the eldest son of Paul I and Sophie Dorothea of W\u00fcrttemberg. Alexander was the first king of Congress Poland, reigning from 1815 to 1825, as well as the first Russian Grand Duke of Finland, reigning from 1809 to 1825.\nBorn in Saint Petersburg to Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, later Paul I, Alexander succeeded to the throne after his father was murdered. He ruled Russia during the chaotic period of the Napoleonic Wars. As prince and during the early years of his reign, Alexander often used liberal rhetoric, but continued Russia's absolutist policies in practice. In the first years of his reign, he initiated some minor social reforms and (in 1803\u201304) major, liberal educational reforms, such as building more universities. Alexander appointed Mikhail Speransky, the son of a village priest, as one of his closest advisors. The Collegia was abolished and replaced by the State Council, which was created to improve legislation. Plans were also made to set up a parliament and sign a constitution.\nIn foreign policy, he changed Russia's position relative to France four times between 1804 and 1812 among neutrality, opposition, and alliance. In 1805 he joined Britain in the War of the Third Coalition against Napoleon, but after suffering massive defeats at the battles of Austerlitz and Friedland, he switched sides and formed an alliance with Napoleon by the Treaty of Tilsit (1807) and joined Napoleon's Continental System. He fought a small-scale naval war against Britain between 1807 and 1812 as well as a short war against Sweden (1808\u201309) after Sweden's refusal to join the Continental System. Alexander and Napoleon hardly agreed, especially regarding Poland, and the alliance collapsed by 1810. Alexander's greatest triumph came in 1812 when Napoleon's invasion of Russia proved to be a catastrophic disaster for the French. As part of the winning coalition against Napoleon, he gained territory in Finland and Poland. He formed the Holy Alliance to suppress revolutionary movements in Europe that he saw as immoral threats to legitimate Christian monarchs. He also helped Austria's Klemens von Metternich in suppressing all national and liberal movements.\nDuring the second half of his reign, Alexander became increasingly arbitrary, reactionary, and fearful of plots against him; as a result he ended many of the reforms he made earlier. He purged schools of foreign teachers, as education became more religiously driven as well as politically conservative. Speransky was replaced as advisor with the strict artillery inspector Aleksey Arakcheyev, who oversaw the creation of military settlements. Alexander died of typhus in December 1825 while on a trip to southern Russia. He left no legitimate children, as his two daughters died in childhood. Neither of his brothers wanted to become emperor. After a period of great confusion (that presaged the failed Decembrist revolt of liberal army officers in the weeks after his death), he was succeeded by his younger brother, Nicholas I.", "Q705653": "Arthur Joseph Mooney (February 11, 1911 \u2013 September 9, 1993) was an American singer and bandleader. His biggest hits were \"I'm Looking Over a Four Leaf Clover\" and \"Baby Face\" in 1948 and \"Nuttin' For Christmas,\" with Barry Gordon, in 1955. His fourth million selling song \"Honey-Babe\" (1955) was used in the motion picture, Battle Cry, having reached the Top 10 in the US.He also made a popular 1948 recording of \"Bluebird of Happiness.\" Mooney's name, as well as his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, was prominently featured in the 1990 motion picture The Adventures of Ford Fairlane.", "Q505827": "Andrew Lang (31 March 1844 \u2013 20 July 1912) was a Scottish poet, novelist, literary critic, and contributor to the field of anthropology. He is best known as a collector of folk and fairy tales. The Andrew Lang lectures at the University of St Andrews are named after him.", "Q74579": "Seventh Son is a 2014 American fantasy film directed by Sergei Bodrov and starring Ben Barnes, Jeff Bridges, Alicia Vikander, and Julianne Moore. It is loosely based on the novel The Spook's Apprentice (titled The Last Apprentice: Revenge of the Witch in the United States) by Joseph Delaney. The story centers on Thomas Ward, a seventh son of a seventh son, and his adventures as the apprentice of the Spook. After having its release date shifted numerous times, the film was released in France on December 17, 2014, and in Canada and the United States on February 6, 2015, by Universal Pictures. Seventh Son received generally negative reviews from film critics and it earned $114 million on a $95 million budget.", "Q881176": "Arthur Edson Blair Moody (February 13, 1902 \u2013 July 20, 1954), known as Blair Moody, was a journalist and Democratic U.S. Senator from the state of Michigan.", "Q1028947": "Camill Hoffmann was a Jewish Czechoslovak diplomat and writer born in 1878.\nAn ardent Czechoslovak nationalist, Hoffmann was appointed to the diplomatic corps as a cultural attache in Berlin. As the rising Nazi Party became increasingly belligerent, Hoffmann began using his political clout and connections to help German Jews, including Leon Trotsky's son, who he aided in escaping Berlin.During 1939 he was mobilized on behalf of Max Brod, Franz Kafka's friend and literary executor. Hoffmann was asked to try to rescue Kafka's writings and personal correspondence confiscated by the Gestapo from Kafka's mistress, Dora Diamant. He was unsuccessful, however, and the materials remain lost, pursued still by the Kafka Project at San Diego State University.His diary from his time as a diplomat, \"Politicky Denik\", translated as \"The Political Diaries of Camill Hoffmann from 1932 to 1939,\" was recently published in Czech.\nHoffmann died in the Auschwitz concentration camp in 1944.", "Q460701": "Michael Nell (born February 5, 1984) is a former Canadian national team member in the sport of Nordic ski jumping.Born in Calgary, Alberta, Nell started ski jumping in 1999 at almost 15 years old (in a sport where the common starting age is as young as 5\u20136 years old). He improved rapidly, being named to the National development team after only two years of Ski Jumping, and to the Canadian National Team just a year later. He competed with the Canadian National team for three years before taking a year hiatus to pursue academics. Nell was back on the National team for two more years from 2004-2006 after hearing that Canada would field its first Olympic Ski Jumping team since 1992 at the 2006 Olympic Winter Games in Torino, Italy.\nNell never competed at the World Cup or World Championships but his best individual result came in the Continental Cup where he finished 6th in the normal hill competition in Calgary in September 2002. He also showed good results at the Junior World Championships in Schonach, Germany in 2002. Nell's late start in the sport meant that though many of the other competitors were several years younger he was likely one of the least experienced. At the age of 17, it would be Nell's last chance to compete at the Junior World Championships.\nNell finished off his competitive career after competing at the 2006 Winter Olympics, in all three of the Ski Jumping events. He placed 64th and 65th, respectively, in the qualifying rounds of the normal and large hill individual events. He was also part of the Canadian foursome that finished 15th in the team event.After retiring from the sport Nell returned to school, studying mechanical engineering at the University of Victoria in Victoria, BC. He graduated in 2011 and is now working towards his Professional Engineering designation.", "Q379779": "Pr\u00e1xedes Mariano Mateo Sagasta y Escolar (21 July 1825 \u2013 5 January 1903) was a Spanish civil engineer and politician who served as Prime Minister on eight occasions between 1870 and 1902\u2014always in charge of the Liberal Party\u2014as part of the turno pacifico, alternating with the Conservative leader Antonio C\u00e1novas. He was known as an excellent orator.\n\n", "Q265422": "Jean Acker (born Harriet Ackers; October 23, 1893 \u2013 August 16, 1978) was an American film actress with a career dating from the silent film era through the 1950s. She was perhaps best known as the estranged wife of silent film star Rudolph Valentino.", "Q212872": "Alcaeus of Mytilene (; Ancient Greek: \u1f08\u03bb\u03ba\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u039c\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2, Alkaios ho Mutil\u0113naios; c.\u2009625\u2013620 \u2013 c.\u2009580 BC) was a lyric poet from the Greek island of Lesbos who is credited with inventing the Alcaic stanza. He was included in the canonical list of nine lyric poets by the scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria. He was a contemporary and an alleged lover of Sappho, with whom he may have exchanged poems. He was born into the aristocratic governing class of Mytilene, the main city of Lesbos, where he was involved in political disputes and feuds.", "Q384804": "Francisco Everardo Oliveira Silva (born 1 May 1965), best known by his stage name Tiririca, is a Brazilian actor, clown, comedian, humorist, politician and singer-songwriter. He currently represents the state of S\u00e3o Paulo as a representative in the Chamber of Deputies of the National Congress of Brazil.\nTiririca first met national prominence as a singer-songwriter, when his first album Florentina (1997) topped charts. Proving to be a one-hit wonder, he abandoned his musical career after recording two more albums and started work as an actor and comedian in television. Later, again received attention in Brazilian media in 2010, during his run for representative for S\u00e3o Paulo in the lower house Congress, eventually becoming the second-most-voted congressman in Brazil's history.", "Q608405": "The Cimitero Monumentale [t\u0283imi\u02c8t\u025b\u02d0ro monumen\u02c8ta\u02d0le] (\"Monumental Cemetery\") is one of the two largest cemeteries in Milan, Italy, the other one being the Cimitero Maggiore. It is noted for the abundance of artistic tombs and monuments.\nDesigned by the architect Carlo Maciachini (1818\u20131899), it was planned to consolidate a number of small cemeteries that used to be scattered around the city into a single location.\nOfficially opened in 1866, it has since then been filled with a wide range of contemporary and classical Italian sculptures as well as Greek temples, elaborate obelisks, and other original works such as a scaled-down version of the Trajan's Column. Many of the tombs belong to noted industrialist dynasties, and were designed by artists such as Adolfo Wildt, Gi\u00f2 Ponti, Arturo Martini, Agenore Fabbri, Lucio Fontana, Medardo Rosso, Giacomo Manz\u00f9, Floriano Bodini, and Gi\u00f2 Pomodoro.\nThe main entrance is through the large Famedio, a massive Hall of Fame-like Neo-Medieval style building made of marble and stone that contains the tombs of some of the city's and the country's most honored citizens, including that of novelist Alessandro Manzoni.\nThe Civico Mausoleo Palanti designed by the architect Mario Palanti is a tomb built for meritorious \"Milanesi\", or citizens of Milan. The memorial of about 800 Milanese killed in Nazi concentration camps is located in the center and is the work of the group BBPR, formed by leading exponents of Italian rationalist architecture that included Gianluigi Banfi.\nThe cemetery has a special section for those who do not belong to the Catholic religion and a Jewish section.\nNear the entrance there is a permanent exhibition of prints, photographs, and maps outlining the cemetery's historical development. It includes two battery-operated electric hearses built in the 1920s.", "Q109232": "Rosanna Lisa Arquette ( roh-ZAN-\u0259 ar-KET; born August 10, 1959) is an American actress, film director, and film producer. She was nominated for an Emmy Award for her performance in the TV film The Executioner's Song (1982), and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the film Desperately Seeking Susan (1985). Her other film roles include After Hours (also 1985), The Big Blue (1988), Pulp Fiction (1994), and Crash (1996). She also directed the documentary Searching for Debra Winger (2002), and starred from 2006 to 2007 in the ABC sitcom What About Brian?", "Q4178004": "A publicist is a person whose job is to generate and manage publicity for a company, a brand, or public figure \u2013 especially a celebrity \u2013 or for a work such as a book, film, or album. Publicists are public relations specialists who have the role to maintain and represent the images of individuals, rather than representing an entire corporation or business. Publicists are also hired by public figures who want to maintain or protect their image. Publicists brand their clients by getting magazine, TV, newspaper, and website coverage. Most top-level publicists work in private practice, handling multiple clients.\nThe term publicist was coined by the legal scholar Francis Lieber to describe the public-like role of internationalists during the late nineteenth century. Publicists are sometimes called flacks which traces back to Gene Flack, who was a well-known movie publicist in the 1930s.", "Q1530455": "Vocal jazz or jazz singing is an instrumental approach to the voice, where the singer can match the instruments in their stylistic approach to the lyrics, improvised or otherwise, or through scat singing; that is, the use of non-morphemic syllables to imitate the sound of instruments.", "Q65474": "R\u00fcschegg is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is also a Swiss Reformed Church parish.", "Q5921354": "Howardena Pindell (born April 4, 1943) is an American painter and mixed media artist. Her work explores texture, color, structures, and the process of making art; it is often political, addressing the intersecting issues of racism, feminism, violence, slavery, and exploitation. She is known for the wide variety of techniques and materials used in her artwork; she has created abstract paintings, collages, \"video drawings,\" and \"process art.\"", "Q727394": "Asian Dub Foundation (ADF) is an English electronica band that combines musical styles including rapcore, dub, dancehall, ragga, and South Asian music. The group also includes traditional rock instruments such as electric bass and guitar, which acknowledges a punk rock influence. Their music is known for its dub-inspired basslines, guitar parts inspired by the traditional Indian instrument the sitar, and fast rapping.", "Q710538": "Charles Ambrose Bickford (January 1, 1891 \u2013 November 9, 1967) was an American actor best known for his supporting roles. He was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, for The Song of Bernadette (1943), The Farmer's Daughter (1947), and Johnny Belinda (1948). Other notable roles include Whirlpool (1948), A Star Is Born (1954), and The Big Country (1958).", "Q180416": "Das Experiment (English: The Experiment) is a 2001 German thriller film directed by Oliver Hirschbiegel. It is based on Mario Giordano's novel Black Box and deals with a social experiment which resembles Philip Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment of 1971.", "Q238731": "Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque (22 November 1852 \u2013 15 May 1924), was a French diplomat and politician, advocate of international arbitration and winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize for Peace.", "Q500787": "Cristi\u00e1n Arturo S\u00e1nchez Barcel\u00f3 (born 29 May 1972, Concepci\u00f3n) is a Chilean journalist and television presenter.", "Q104716": "Walter Eykmann (born August 20, 1937) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.He was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria from the 1970s.", "Q92942": "William Daniel \"Danny\" Hillis (born September 25, 1956) is an American inventor, entrepreneur, and scientist, who pioneered parallel computers and their use in artificial intelligence. He founded Thinking Machines Corporation, a parallel supercomputer manufacturer, and subsequently was a fellow at Walt Disney Imagineering. More recently, Hillis co-founded Applied Minds and Applied Invention, an interdisciplinary group of engineers, scientists, and artists. He is a visiting professor at the MIT Media Lab.", "Q1055984": "House of Cards is a 1990 British political thriller television serial in four episodes, set after the end of Margaret Thatcher's tenure as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. It was televised by the BBC from 18 November to 9 December 1990, to critical and popular acclaim.\nAndrew Davies adapted the story from the novel of the same title by Michael Dobbs, a former Chief of Staff at Conservative Party headquarters. Neville Teller also dramatised Dobbs's novel for BBC World Service in 1996, and it had two television sequels (To Play the King and The Final Cut). The opening and closing theme music for this TV series is entitled \"Francis Urquhart's March\".House of Cards was ranked 84th in the British Film Institute list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes in 2000. In 2013, the serial and the Dobbs novel were the basis for a US adaptation set in Washington, D.C., commissioned and released by Netflix.", "Q48280": "Marianne Evelyn Gabriel Faithfull (born 29 December 1946) is an English singer, songwriter, and actress. She achieved popularity in the 1960s with the release of her hit single \"As Tears Go By\" and became one of the lead female artists during the British Invasion in the United States.\nBorn in Hampstead, London, Faithfull began her career in 1964 after attending a Rolling Stones party, where she was discovered by Andrew Loog Oldham. After the release of her hit single \"As Tears Go By\", she became an international star. Her debut album Marianne Faithfull (1965) (released simultaneously with her album Come My Way) was a commercial success followed by a number of albums on Decca Records. From 1966 to 1970, she had a highly publicised romantic relationship with Mick Jagger. Her popularity was further enhanced by her film roles, such as I'll Never Forget What's'isname (1967), The Girl on a Motorcycle (1968), and Hamlet (1969). However, her popularity was overshadowed by personal problems in the 1970s. During that time she was anorexic, homeless, and a heroin addict.\nNoted for her distinctive voice, Faithfull's previously melodic and higher registered vocals (which were prevalent throughout her career in the 1960s) were affected by severe laryngitis, coupled with persistent drug abuse during the 1970s, permanently altering her voice, leaving it raspy, cracked and lower in pitch. This new sound was praised as \"whisky soaked\" by some critics for helping capture the raw emotions expressed in her music.After a long commercial absence, Faithfull made a comeback with the 1979 release of her critically acclaimed album Broken English. The album was a commercial success and marked a resurgence of her musical career. Broken English earned Faithfull a nomination for Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance and is often regarded as her \"definitive recording.\" She followed with a series of albums, including Dangerous Acquaintances (1981), A Child's Adventure (1983), and Strange Weather (1987). Faithfull also wrote three books about her life: Faithfull: An Autobiography (1994), Memories, Dreams & Reflections (2007), and Marianne Faithfull: A Life on Record (2014).\nFaithfull is listed on VH1's \"100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll\" list. She received the World Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2009 Women's World Awards and was made a Commandeur of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the government of France.", "Q465679": "Isaac Deutscher (Polish: Izaak Deutscher; 3 April 1907 \u2013 19 August 1967) was a Polish Marxist writer, journalist and political activist who moved to the United Kingdom before the outbreak of World War II. He is best known as a biographer of Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin and as a commentator on Soviet affairs. His three-volume biography of Trotsky was highly influential among the British New Left.", "Q335567": "J\u00f3n J\u00f3sep Sn\u00e6bj\u00f6rnsson or J\u00f3nsi (born 1 June 1977) is an Icelandic singer and a former member of the band \u00cd sv\u00f6rtum f\u00f6tum (\"In black clothing\"). He represented Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 and finished 19th. He has also competed at S\u00f6ngvakeppni Sj\u00f3nvarpsins 2007, which is a television show to pick Iceland's song for the Eurovision Song Contest with the song Seg\u00f0u M\u00e9r. J\u00f3nsi once again represented Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan in a duet with singer Greta Sal\u00f3me, qualifying for the Eurovision final and finishing in 20th place. J\u00f3n J\u00f3sep also performed the opening theme song to the Icelandic children's television show LazyTown.", "Q68150": "Altdorf (sometimes written as Altdorf UR in order to distinguish it from the other \"Altdorfs\"; German for \"old village\") is a historic town and municipality in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Swiss canton of Uri.\nThe municipality covers an area of 10.21 square kilometres (3.94 sq mi) and is located about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the mouth of the Reuss, which flows into the Lake Lucerne, here called the Urnersee. The town Altdorf lies at an altitude of 458 metres (1,503 ft) above sea level on the right, eastern bank of the Reuss, a flat, alluvial land of up to 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) diameter between otherwise steep and high Alpine mountains of around 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) elevation, but the municipality also covers the Alpine pasture landscape of Eggbergen about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above Altdorf.\nIt is also the junction towards to the two passes Saint Gotthard to the south, a major north\u2013south axis through the Alps, and the Klausen Pass to the east. Altdorf sits on the Gotthard line and is the last railway station before the entrance into the new Gotthard Base Tunnel, the world's longest railway tunnel.\nThe official language of Altdorf is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.\n\n", "Q237416": "Dubravka Ugre\u0161i\u0107 (pronounced [d\u00fbbra\u02d0\u028bka \u00fbgre\u0283it\u0361\u0255]; born 27 March 1949) is a Yugoslav writer. A graduate of University of Zagreb, she has been based in Amsterdam since 1996.", "Q36986": "Volap\u00fck ( in English; [vola\u02c8pyk] in Volap\u00fck) is a constructed language created in 1879 and 1880 by Johann Martin Schleyer, a Roman Catholic priest in Baden, Germany. Schleyer felt that God had told him in a dream to create an international language. Volap\u00fck conventions took place in 1884 (Friedrichshafen), 1887 (Munich) and 1889 (Paris). The first two conventions used German, and the last conference used only Volap\u00fck. In 1889, there were an estimated 283 clubs, 25 periodicals in or about Volap\u00fck, and 316 textbooks in 25 languages; at that time the language claimed nearly a million adherents. Volap\u00fck was largely displaced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by Esperanto.", "Q58087": "Iurie Leanc\u0103 (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8juri.e \u02c8le\u032fa\u014bk\u0259]; born October 20, 1963) is a Moldovan politician who was the Prime Minister of Moldova from 2013 until 2015. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration from 2009 to 2013 as part of the First and Second Filat Cabinet.\n\n", "Q1535539": "Thomas Maxwell Davis, Jr. (January 14, 1916 \u2013 September 18, 1970), known as Maxwell Davis, was an American R&B saxophonist, arranger, bandleader and record producer.", "Q487830": "Anatoli Kotcherga (Ukrainian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0439 \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430 ; Born July 9, 1947 in Samhorodok, the Winnyzja district, Ukraine), PAU, is a Ukrainian operatic basso.\nHe studied music at the Kiev Conservatory. In 1971 he won a prize in the Glinka Competition, and in 1974 he won the Tchaikovsky Competition. Shortly thereafter he was hired by the Kiev Opera. His international career was launched in 1989, when he sang Shaklovity in the Vienna Staatsoper's Khovanshchina, conducted by Claudio Abbado. He performed as Boris Godunov at the 1994 Salzburg Easter and Summer festivals, and he has been particularly associated with the part, singing it in Venice, Turin, Montpellier and with the Vienna Staatsoper in Japan. He also sang Dosefei. Other roles include the Commendatore, Sparafucile, Pistola, Banquo, and the Grand Inquisitor. Non-operatic work includes Mussorgsky's Songs and Dances of Death, Shostakovich's 13th Symphony and Jan\u00e1\u010dek's Glagolitic Mass.\nHe can be seen on video as Shaklovity, Dosifei, Father Varlaam (in a video featuring Matti Salminen as Boris Godunov), and the Commendatore.", "Q236708": "Julia Ann Harris (December 2, 1925 \u2013 August 24, 2013) was an American actress. Renowned for her classical and contemporary stage work, she received five Tony Awards for Best Actress in a Play.\nHarris debuted on Broadway in 1945, against the wishes of her mother, who wanted her to be a society debutante. Harris was acclaimed for her performance as an isolated 12-year-old girl in the 1950 play The Member of the Wedding, a role she reprised in the 1952 film of the same name, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. In 1951, her range was demonstrated as Sally Bowles in the original production of I Am a Camera, for which she won her first Tony award. She subsequently appeared in the 1955 film version.\nHarris gave acclaimed performances in films including The Haunting (1963), and Reflections in a Golden Eye (1967), in which she played opposite Marlon Brando. A method actor, she won Tony awards for The Lark (1956), Forty Carats (1969), The Last of Mrs. Lincoln (1973), and The Belle of Amherst (1977). She was also a Grammy Award winner and a three time Emmy Award winner.\nHarris was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1979, received the National Medal of Arts in 1994, and the 2002 Special Lifetime Achievement Tony Award.", "Q153882": "The Lives of Others (German: Das Leben der Anderen) is a 2006 German drama film, marking the feature film debut of filmmaker Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck. The plot is about the monitoring of East Berlin residents by agents of the Stasi, East Germany's secret police. It stars Ulrich M\u00fche as Stasi Captain Gerd Wiesler, Ulrich Tukur as his superior Anton Grubitz, Sebastian Koch as the playwright Georg Dreyman, and Martina Gedeck as Dreyman's lover, a prominent actress named Christa-Maria Sieland.\nThe film was released in Germany on 23 March 2006. At the same time, the screenplay was published by Suhrkamp Verlag. The Lives of Others won the 2006 Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film. The film had earlier won seven Deutscher Filmpreis awards\u2014including those for best film, best director, best screenplay, best actor, and best supporting actor\u2014after setting a new record with 11 nominations. It was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 64th Golden Globe Awards. The Lives of Others cost US$2 million and grossed more than US$77 million worldwide as of November 2007Released 17 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, marking the end of the East German socialist state, it was the first notable drama film about the subject after a series of comedies such as Good Bye, Lenin! and Sonnenallee. This approach was widely applauded in Germany even as some criticized the humanization of Wiesler's character. The film's authenticity was considered praiseworthy given that the director grew up outside of East Germany and was 16 when the Berlin Wall fell.", "Q1361333": "Viktor Uspaskich (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445; Lithuanian: Viktoras Uspaskichas) born 24 July 1959 in Urdoma, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Soviet Union is a Russian-born Lithuanian entrepreneur and politician.", "Q92956": "Andrew Keith Paul Morton (born 1959) is an Australian software engineer, best known as one of the lead developers of the Linux kernel. He is currently a co-maintainer of the Ext3 file system and the journaling layer for block devices (JBD).\nIn the late 1980s, he was one of the partners of a company in Sydney, Australia that produced a kit computer called the Applix 1616, as well as a hardware engineer for the (now-defunct) Australian gaming equipment manufacturer Keno Computer Systems. He holds an honours degree in electrical engineering from the University of New South Wales in Australia.\nMorton maintains a Linux kernel patchset known as the mm tree, which contains work-in-progress patches that might later be accepted into the official Linux tree maintained by Linus Torvalds. \"mm\" as a primary testing ground became unmanageably large and busy, and in 2008 the \"linux-next\" tree was created to fill much of this role.\nIn 2001, Andrew Morton and his family moved from Wollongong, New South Wales to Palo Alto, California.\nIn July 2003, Morton joined the Open Source Development Labs under an agreement with his then-employer Digeo Inc. (makers of the Moxi home entertainment media center), in which OSDL supported Morton's Linux kernel development work while he continued in his official role as principal engineer at Digeo.Since August 2006, Morton has been employed by Google and continues his current work in maintaining the kernel.Andrew Morton delivered the keynote speech at the 2004 Ottawa Linux Symposium. He was also a featured speaker at MontaVista Software's Vision 2007 Conference.He was an expert witness in the SCO v. IBM lawsuit contesting UNIX copyrights.Andrew is also known by his username akpm, as found in e-mail addresses and as part of the URL to his now-defunct webpage. On being asked what the initials KP stood for, he replied, \"Some say 'Kernel Programmer.' My parents said 'Keith Paul.'\"", "Q472311": "The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is an intergovernmental organization that provides services and advice concerning migration to governments and migrants, including internally displaced persons, refugees, and migrant workers. In September 2016, IOM became a related organization of the United Nations. It was initially established in 1951 as the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM) to help resettle people displaced by World War II. As of March 2019, the International Organization for Migration has 173 member states and eight observer states.IOM is the principal intergovernmental organization working in the field of migration. IOM's stated mission is to promote humane and orderly migration by providing services and advice to governments and migrants.\nIOM works to help ensure the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, be they refugees, displaced persons or other uprooted people.\nThe IOM Constitution gives explicit recognition to the link between migration and economic, social and cultural development.\nIOM works in the four broad areas of migration management: migration and development, facilitating migration, regulating migration, and addressing forced migration. Cross-cutting activities include the promotion of international migration law, policy debate and guidance, protection of migrants\u2019 rights, migration health and the gender dimension of migration.\nIn addition, IOM has often organized elections for refugees out of their home country, as was the case in the 2004 Afghan elections and the 2005 Iraqi elections.", "Q68144": "Zug (German: Zug, [tsu\u02d0\u0261] (listen); French: Zoug; Italian: Zugo; Romansh: Zug; New Latin: Tugium) is the largest town and capital of the Swiss canton of Zug in Switzerland. Its name originates from the fishing vocabulary; in the Middle Ages it referred to the right to pull up fishing nets and hence to the right to fish.\nThe municipality had a total population of 30,542 in 31 December 2018. The official language of Zug is the Swiss variety of Standard German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.\n\n", "Q6675664": "The Looney Tunes Spotlight Collection is a series of DVDs compiling Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated shorts, released by Warner Home Video. It was created as a more family-friendly, affordable companion to the higher-priced Looney Tunes Golden Collection sets aimed at collectors. Many of the cartoons included on these sets are also already available, along with many other cartoons, on the Golden Collection sets.", "Q277032": "\u0218tefan Constantin B\u0103nic\u0103 (Romanian pronunciation: [\u0283te\u02c8fa\u014b konstan\u02c8tim b\u0259\u02c8nik\u0259]; November 11, 1933 \u2013 May 27, 1995) was a Romanian actor and singer, of Romani ethnicity, from C\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219i. Aside from starring in multiple films, he was also known for his interpretation of songs such as \"\u00cemi acorda\u021bi un dans\", \"Cum am ajuns s\u0103 te iubesc\", \"Gioconda se m\u0103rit\u0103\", \"Hei, co\u0219ar, co\u0219ar\", and \"Ast\u0103 sear\u0103 m\u0103 fac praf\". His son, \u0218tefan B\u0103nic\u0103 Jr., is also well known in the entertainment industry.\nHe was born in a house situated on C\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219i Street (nowadays Pompierilor Street), in C\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219i; his father was Dr\u0103gan Constandache B\u0103nic\u0103, a l\u0103utar.", "Q229628": "3 Inches of Blood was a Canadian heavy metal band formed in 1999 in Victoria, British Columbia, last consisting of Cam Pipes, Justin Hagberg, Shane Clark, and Ash Pearson, none of whom were original members of the band. They are marked by strong influences from the new wave of British heavy metal movement.", "Q117018": "Vicente Garc\u00eda-Huidobro Fern\u00e1ndez (American Spanish: [bi\u02c8sente \u0263wi\u02c8do\u03b2\u027eo]; January 10, 1893 \u2013 January 2, 1948) was a Chilean poet born to an aristocratic family. He promoted the avant-garde literary movement in Chile and was the creator and greatest exponent of the literary movement called Creacionismo (\"Creationism\").", "Q2561438": "Slice of life describes the depiction of mundane experiences in art and entertainment. In theater, slice-of-life refers to naturalism, while in literary parlance it is a narrative technique in which a seemingly arbitrary sequence of events in a character's life is presented, often lacking plot development, conflict and exposition, as well as often having an open ending.\n\n", "Q3155643": "Israel Harold \"Izzy\" Asper, (August 11, 1932 \u2013 October 7, 2003) was a Canadian tax lawyer and media magnate. He was the founder and owner of the defunct TV and media company CanWest Global Communications Corp and father to its former CEO and President Leonard Asper, former director and corporate secretary Gail Asper, as well as former Executive Vice President David Asper. He was also the leader of the Manitoba Liberal Party from 1970 to 1975 and is credited with the idea and vision to establish the Canadian Museum for Human Rights.", "Q63011": "Ingrid Noll (married name Ingrid Gullatz, born 29 September 1935 in Shanghai) is a German thriller writer. She has written several novels, including Head Count, Hell Hath No Fury and The Pharmacist, as well as one television drama, Bommels Billigfl\u00fcge. Several of her novels have been subsequently adapted as films, including Die Apothekerin, which was released in the United States as The Pharmacist and was nominated for the German Film Award in Gold for outstanding feature film. She published her first novel, which became a great success, at the age of 55. Today she is one of the most popular German female authors.", "Q703236": "Samuel Conlon Nancarrow (; October 27, 1912 \u2013 August 10, 1997) was an American-born composer who lived and worked in Mexico for most of his life. He became a Mexican citizen in 1956.\nNancarrow is best remembered for his studies for player piano, being one of the first composers to use auto-playing musical instruments, realising their potential to play far beyond human performance ability. He lived most of his life in relative isolation, and did not become widely known until the 1980s.", "Q109226": "Johann Franz Langewand (born 3 March 1871 in Osnabr\u00fcck, died 19 March 1952 ibid.) was a German Catholic politician in the Weimar Republic, member of the Centre Party and MP in the Prussian state parliament.", "Q535728": "Jenette Kahn (; born May 16, 1947) is an American comic book editor and executive. She joined DC Comics in 1976 as publisher, and five years later was promoted to President. In 1989, she stepped down as publisher and assumed the title of editor-in-chief while retaining the office of president. After 26 years with DC, she left the company in 2002.", "Q111469": "Eva Kurowski (born 1965 in Oberhausen) is a German jazz musician and singer.", "Q91287": "Dr. Oskar Felix Kohnstamm (13 April 1871 in Pfungstadt \u2013 6 November 1917 in Frankfurt am Main) was a German neurologist and psychiatrist. Initially trained in internal medicine in Giessen and Strassbourg he received his doctors degree in Berlin in 1894. Kohnstamm then began as a general practitioner in K\u00f6nigstein im Taunus, a small town in Hesse. There, he became more and more interested in neurology and psychiatry. \nHis wife, Eva, daughter of Johannes Gad - one of Kohnstamm's Berlin professors, agreed to have occasionally depressive patients as guests in the house, who then got chores assigned in housekeeping, gardening or minding the children. Gradually, the idea ripened to build a small sanatorium for treating clinical depressions. The house, build in Jugendstil style, opened in 1905 and was expanded in 1912.\nKohnstamm was no follower of Sigmund Freud but worked often with hypnosis.\nAmong his patients were three young men who would become world-famous: the painter Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938), the actor Alexander Moissi (1879-1935) and the conductor Otto Klemperer (1885-1973). \nEven the playwright Carl Sternheim (1878 \u2013 1942) has been in medical treatment in Kohnstamms sanatorium during the First World War. The poets Stefan George, Karl Wolfskehl, the archaeologist Botho Graef and the architect Henry van de Velde have been friends of him. Gertrude Kingston was a cousin of him, Phyllis Konstam a niece. The tale Peter and Anneli's Journey to the Moon, which was written by a former patient Gerdt von Bassewitz, was playing in his sanatorium with his children as the main character.", "Q170083": "Nils Anker (14 June 1836 \u2013 1 October 1893 ) was a Norwegian businessman, landowner and politician.He was born at R\u00f8d herreg\u00e5rd in Halden, \u00d8stfold, Norway.\nHe was a son of Peter Martin Anker and his second wife, Cathrine Olava Nicoline Gl\u00f8ersen (1814-1902). He was a brother of Herman Anker and Christian August Anker, uncle of Katti Anker M\u00f8ller, Ella Anker and Johan Anker and granduncle of \u00d8yvind Anker, Peter Martin Anker and Tove Mohr.He made his living as a wholesaler and landowner. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1885, 1888 and 1891. He represented the constituency Fredrikshald and the Conservative Party.", "Q65460": "Joseph Maria Ernst Christian Wilhelm von Radowitz (6 February 1797 \u2013 25 December 1853) was a conservative Prussian statesman and general famous for his proposal to unify Germany under Prussian leadership by means of a negotiated agreement among the reigning German princes.", "Q262359": "Tamara Elizabeth \"Tammy\" Jernigan, Ph.D. (born May 7, 1959, in Chattanooga, Tennessee) is an American scientist and former NASA astronaut and a veteran of five shuttle missions. She currently serves as Deputy Principal Associate Director in the Weapons and Complex Integration (WCI) organization at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\n\n", "Q470260": "Thomas Griffin Dunne (born June 8, 1955) is an American actor, film producer, and film director. Dunne studied acting at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City. He is best known for portraying Jack Goodman in An American Werewolf in London (1981) and Paul Hackett in After Hours (1985), for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.", "Q108886": "Harrison Hagan \"Jack\" Schmitt (born July 3, 1935) is an American geologist, retired NASA astronaut, university professor, former U.S. senator from New Mexico, and the most recent person still living to have walked on the Moon.\nIn December 1972, as one of the crew on board Apollo 17, Schmitt became the first member of NASA's first scientist-astronaut group to fly in space. As Apollo 17 was the last of the Apollo missions, he also became the twelfth and second-youngest person to set foot on the Moon and the second-to-last person to step off of the Moon (he boarded the Lunar Module shortly before commander Eugene Cernan). Schmitt also remains the only professional scientist to have flown beyond low Earth orbit and to have visited the Moon. He was influential within the community of geologists supporting the Apollo program and, before starting his own preparations for an Apollo mission, had been one of the scientists training those Apollo astronauts chosen to visit the lunar surface.\nSchmitt resigned from NASA in August 1975 to run for election to the United States Senate as a member from New Mexico. As the Republican candidate in the 1976 election, he defeated Democratic incumbent Joseph Montoya. In the 1982 election, Schmitt was defeated by Democrat Jeff Bingaman.", "Q65306": "Rupperswil is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q2902258": "David Klein (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e7\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05df\u200e; born 1935) is an Israeli economist who served as governor of the Bank of Israel from January 2000 to January 2005.", "Q158069": "Olympia is a 1938 German documentary sports film written, directed and produced by Leni Riefenstahl, which documented the 1936 Summer Olympics, held in the Olympic Stadium in Berlin, Germany. The film was released in two parts: Olympia 1. Teil \u2014 Fest der V\u00f6lker (Festival of Nations) and Olympia 2. Teil \u2014 Fest der Sch\u00f6nheit (Festival of Beauty). It was the first documentary feature film of an Olympic Games ever made. Many advanced motion picture techniques, which later became industry standards but which were groundbreaking at the time, were employed, including unusual camera angles, smash cuts, extreme close-ups and placing tracking shot rails within the bleachers. The techniques employed are almost universally admired, but the film is controversial due to its political context. Nevertheless, it appears on many lists of the greatest films of all time, including Time magazine's \"All-Time 100 Movies.\"Olympia set the precedent for future films documenting and glorifying the Olympic Games, particularly the Summer Games. The 1936 Summer Olympics torch relay was devised for the Games by the secretary general of the Organizing Committee, Dr. Carl Diem. Riefenstahl staged the torch relay for the film, with competitive events of the Games.\nAlthough restricted to six camera positions on the stadium field, Riefenstahl set up cameras in as many other places as she could, including in the grandstands. She attached automatic cameras to balloons, including instructions to return the film to Leni Riefenstahl, and she also placed automatic cameras in boats during practice runs. Amateur photography was used to supplement that of the professionals along the course of races. Perhaps the greatest innovation seen in Olympia was the use of an underwater camera. The camera followed divers through the air and, as soon as they hit the water, the cameraman dived down with them, all the while changing focus and aperture.", "Q106673": "Robert T. Odeman (November 30, 1904 \u2013 January 14, 1985) was a gay German classical pianist, actor, writer, and composer who was persecuted by the Nazi regime.", "Q90827": "Hans-Peter Uhl (5 August 1944 \u2013 27 October 2019) was a German politician of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU). He was a member of the Bundestag for almost 20 years.\n\n", "Q109540": "Heinrich Christian Wilhelm Busch (15 April 1832 \u2013 9 January 1908) was a German humorist, poet, illustrator, and painter. He published comic illustrated cautionary tales from 1859, achieving his most notable works in the 1870s. Busch's illustrations used wood engraving, and later, zincography.\nBusch drew on contemporary parochial and city life, satirizing Catholicism, Philistinism, strict religious morality, and bigotry. His comic text was colourful and entertaining, using onomatopoeia, neologisms, and other figures of speech, that led to some work being banned by the authorities.\nBusch was influential in both poetry and illustration, and became a source for future generations of comic artists. The Katzenjammer Kids was inspired by Busch's Max and Moritz, one of a number of imitations produced in Germany and the United States. The Wilhelm Busch Prize and the Wilhelm Busch Museum help maintain his legacy. The 175th anniversary of his birth in 2007 was celebrated throughout Germany. Busch remains one of the most influential poets and artists in Western Europe.", "Q328522": "Geoffrey Dyson Palmer, (born 4 June 1927) is an English actor known for his roles in British television sitcoms playing Jimmy Anderson in The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin (1976\u201379), Ben Parkinson in Butterflies (1978\u20131983) and Lionel Hardcastle in As Time Goes By (1992\u20132005). His film appearances include A Fish Called Wanda (1988), The Madness of King George (1994), Mrs. Brown (1997), and Tomorrow Never Dies (1997).", "Q234679": "Tessa Charlotte Rampling (born 5 February 1946) is an English actress, model and singer, known for her work in European arthouse films in English, French, and Italian. An icon of the Swinging Sixties, she began her career as a model and later became a fashion icon and muse.She was cast in the role of Meredith in the 1966 film Georgy Girl, which starred Lynn Redgrave. She soon began making French and Italian arthouse films, most notably during this time in Luchino Visconti's The Damned (1969) and Liliana Cavani's The Night Porter (1974). She went on to star in Zardoz (1974), Farewell, My Lovely (1975), Woody Allen's Stardust Memories (1980), opposite Paul Newman in The Verdict (1982), Long Live Life (1984), Max, Mon Amour (1986), Angel Heart (1987) and The Wings of the Dove (1997). In 2002 she released an album of recordings in the style of cabaret, titled As A Woman.In the 2000s, she became the muse of French director Fran\u00e7ois Ozon, appearing in his films Under the Sand (2000), Swimming Pool (2003) and Angel (2007). On television, she is known for her role as Evelyn Vogel in Dexter (2013). In 2012 she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award, both for her performance in the miniseries Restless. Other television roles include work in Broadchurch and London Spy, for the latter of which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. For her performance in the 2015 film 45 Years, she won the Berlin Film Festival Award for Best Actress, the European Film Award for Best Actress, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. In 2017, she won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the 74th Venice International Film Festival for Hannah.A four-time C\u00e9sar Award nominee, she received an Honorary C\u00e9sar in 2001 and France's Legion of Honour in 2002. She was made an OBE in 2000 for her services to the arts, and received the 2015 Lifetime Achievement Award from the European Film Awards. In 2015, she released her autobiography, which she wrote in French, titled Qui Je Suis, or Who I Am. She later worked on an English translation, which was published in March 2017.", "Q788563": "Kenneth Adolphe Slessor (27 March 1901 \u2013 30 June 1971) was an Australian poet, journalist and official war correspondent in World War II. He was one of Australia's leading poets, notable particularly for the absorption of modernist influences into Australian poetry. The Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry is named after him.", "Q235567": "Nicole Marie Passonno Stott (born November 19, 1962) is an American engineer and a retired NASA astronaut. She served as a Flight Engineer on ISS Expedition 20 and Expedition 21 and was a Mission Specialist on STS-128 and STS-133. After 27 years of working at NASA, the space agency announced her retirement effective June 1, 2015. She is married to Christopher Stott, a Manx-born American space entrepreneur.", "Q110011": "Ko\u0142obrzeg ([k\u0254\u02c8w\u0254b\u0290\u025bk] (listen); German: Kolberg, [\u02c8k\u0254lb\u025b\u0281k] (listen); Kashubian: K\u00f2lbrz\u00e9g) is a city in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in north-western Poland with about 47,000 inhabitants (as of 2014). Ko\u0142obrzeg is located on the Pars\u0119ta River on the south coast of the Baltic Sea (in the middle of the section divided by the Oder and Vistula Rivers). It has been the capital of Ko\u0142obrzeg County in West Pomeranian Voivodship since 1999, and was in Koszalin Voivodship from 1950 to 1998.\nDuring the Early Middle Ages, Slavic Pomeranians founded a settlement at the site of modern Budzistowo. Thietmar of Merseburg first mentioned the site as Salsa Cholbergiensis. Around the year 1000, when the city was part of Poland, it became seat of the Diocese of Ko\u0142obrzeg, one of five oldest Polish dioceses. During the High Middle Ages, the town was expanded with an additional settlement inhabited by German settlers a few kilometers north of the stronghold and chartered with L\u00fcbeck law, which settlement eventually superseded the original Slavic settlement. Later on, the indigenous Slavic population faced discrimation from the Germans. The city later joined the Hanseatic League. Within the Duchy of Pomerania, the town was the urban center of the secular reign of the prince-bishops of Cammin and their residence throughout the High and Late Middle Ages. When it was part of Brandenburgian Pomerania during the Early Modern Age, it withstood Polish and Napoleon's troops in the Siege of Kolberg. From 1815, it was part of the Prussian province of Pomerania. After the Nazis took power in Germany, the local Jewish population was discriminated against, deemed to be subhuman and eventually subjected to genocide. In 1945, Polish and Soviet troops captured the town, while the remaining German population which had not fled the advancing Red Army was expelled in accordance to the Potsdam Agreement. Ko\u0142obrzeg, now part of post-war Poland and devastated in the preceding Battle of Kolberg, was rebuilt, but lost its status as the regional center to the nearby city of Koszalin.", "Q273532": "Louise Lasser (born April 11, 1939) is an American actress, television writer and performing arts teacher and director. She is known for her portrayal of the title character on the soap opera satire Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman. She was married to Woody Allen and appeared in several of his early films. She is also a life member of The Actors Studio and studied with both Sanford Meisner and Robert X. Modica.", "Q647460": "The General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (Yiddish: \u200f\u05d0\u05b7\u05dc\u05d2\u05e2\u05de\u05f2\u05e0\u05e2\u05e8 \u05d9\u05d9\u05b4\u05d3\u05d9\u05e9\u05e2\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b7\u05e8\u05d1\u05e2\u05d8\u05e2\u05e8\u05be\u05d1\u05d5\u05e0\u05d3 \u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05e2, \u05e4\u05bc\u05f1\u05dc\u05df \u05d0\u05d5\u05df \u05e8\u05d5\u05e1\u05dc\u05d0\u05b7\u05e0\u05d3\u200e, algemeyner yidisher arbeter-bund in lite, poyln un rusland), generally called The Bund (Yiddish: \u05d1\u05d5\u05e0\u05d3\u200e, cognate to German: Bund, meaning federation or union) or the Jewish Labour Bund, was a secular Jewish socialist party in the Russian Empire, active between 1897 and 1920. In 1917 the Polish part of the Bund, which dated to the times when Poland was a Russian territory, seceded from the Russian Bund and created a new Polish General Labor Bund which continued to operate in Poland in the years between the two world wars. The Russian Bund was dissolved in 1920 and incorporated into the Communist Party. Other remnants of the Bund endured in various countries. A member of the Bund was called a Bundist.", "Q67511": "Carlo Schmid (3 December 1896 \u2013 11 December 1979) was a German academic and politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).\nSchmid is one of the most important authors of both the German Basic Law and the Godesberg Program of the SPD. He was intimately involved in German-French relations and served as \"Federal Minister for the Affairs of the Federal Council and States\" from 1966 to 1969.", "Q1713552": "The Democratic Social Party (Portuguese: Partido Democr\u00e1tico Social, PDS) was a conservative Brazilian political party.\nIt was established in 1979 as a continuation of the National Renewal Alliance (ARENA), the political wing of the military during the 1965\u201379 military dictatorship, at a time in which the country was moving away from authoritarianism. However, the official foundation date is 31 January 1980. In 1985, when Paulo Maluf won the party's nomination for the presidential bid, a huge group, led by Jos\u00e9 Sarney (former leader of ARENA from 1971 to 1980 and of the PDS from 1980\u201385), Jorge Bornhausen and Marco Maciel, founded the Liberal Front Party (PFL). Sarney was elected Vice-President in that year's election, but he served from the beginning as President, due to the death of President-elect Tancredo Neves.\nThe Democratic Social Party suffered bad defeats both 1986 (7.9%) and 1990 (8.9%) elections for the Chamber of Deputies, when at the same time PFL took 17.7% and 12.4%. In 1986, in particular, the party was seriously defeated also in state elections, so that all of the 12 governorships won in 1982 were lost.\nIn 1993 the party merged with the Christian Democratic Party (3.0% in 1990 elections for the lower house) to form the Reform Progressive Party, which was intended to be a moderate-conservative party.", "Q2901989": "Muhammed Wattad (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u200e, Hebrew: \u05de\u05d5\u05d7\u05de\u05d3 \u05d5\u05ea\u05d3\u200e; 1 June 1937 \u2013 24 September 1994) was an Israeli Arab journalist, writer and politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1981 and 1988.", "Q152222": "The Berlin Philharmonic (German: Berliner Philharmoniker) is a German orchestra based in Berlin which is consistently ranked in the top handful of orchestras in the world, distinguished amongst peers for its virtuosity and compelling sound. The orchestra's history has always been tied to its chief conductors, many of whom have been authoritative and controversial, such as Wilhelm Furtw\u00e4ngler and Herbert von Karajan.", "Q266881": "Beatrice Rosen, (born November 29, 1984) also credited as B\u00e9atrice Rosen and B\u00e9atrice Rosenblatt, is an American-born French actress.", "Q249862": "Ramblin' Tommy Scott (June 24, 1917 \u2013 September 30, 2013), aka \"Doc\" Tommy Scott, was an American country and rockabilly musician.", "Q1360993": "Thomas William Cochrane ( KOK-r\u0259n; born May 14, 1953) is a Canadian musician best known as the frontman for the rock band Red Rider and for his work as a solo singer-songwriter. Cochrane has won eight Juno Awards. He is a member of the Canadian Music Hall of Fame, an officer of the Order of Canada, and has an honorary doctorate from Brandon University. In September 2009 he was inducted onto the Canadian Walk of Fame.", "Q386961": "Des Plaines is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States. Its population was 58,364 at the 2010 census. The city is a suburb of Chicago and is located just north of O'Hare International Airport. It is situated on and is named after the Des Plaines River, which runs through the city just east of its downtown area.", "Q20882": "Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (born Bonickhausen dit Eiffel; ; French pronunciation: \u200b[ef\u025bl]; 15 December 1832 \u2013 27 December 1923) was a French civil engineer and architect. A graduate of the prestigious \u00c9cole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures of France, he made his name with various bridges for the French railway network, most famously the Garabit viaduct. He is best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower, built for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, and his contribution to building the Statue of Liberty in New York. After his retirement from engineering, Eiffel focused on research into meteorology and aerodynamics, making significant contributions in both fields.", "Q1106462": "Brian James Fair (born May 30, 1975) is an American musician from Massachusetts, best known as lead vocalist of the heavy metal band Shadows Fall. He graduated from Milford High School in 1993, and went on to study literature at Boston University.", "Q164948": "Minamoto no Yorimasa (\u6e90 \u983c\u653f) (1106\u20131180) was a prominent Japanese poet whose works appeared in various anthologies. He served eight different emperors in his long career, holding posts such as hy\u014dgo no kami (head of the arsenal). He was also a warrior, leading the Minamoto armies at the beginning of the Genpei War. \nIn the clashes between the Minamoto and Taira clans that had gone on for decades, Yorimasa had tried to stay out of politics, and avoided taking sides. He did participate in the Hogen Rebellion in 1156. For a time, he was even friends with Taira no Kiyomori. During the Heiji Rebellion of 1160, he leaned just enough in favor of the Taira that it allowed them to overthrow the Minamoto. However, by the time he officially retired from military service in Kiyomori's army in 1179, Yorimasa had changed his mind about opposing his own clan. He entered the Buddhist priesthood. In May 1180, he sent out an appeal to other Minamoto leaders, and to temples and monasteries that Kiyomori had offended.In the Genpei War, which began with the Battle of Uji in 1180, Yorimasa led Minamoto forces, along with warrior monks from Mii-dera, in defending By\u014dd\u014d-in. Despite the monks' having torn up the planks of the bridge leading to the temple, the Taira managed to break through the defenses, and take the temple. Suffering defeat at Uji, he committed suicide at By\u014dd\u014d-in. Minamoto no Yorimasa's ritual suicide by seppuku may be the earliest recorded instance of a samurai's suicide in the face of defeat, although Minamoto no Tametomo, who died in 1170, ten years before Yorimasa, may hold this distinction. \nAccording to legend, after his death a retainer took Yorimasa's head to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Taira. He then fastened it to a rock and threw it into the Uji River so it could not be found.Yorimasa's daughter was the poet Nij\u014din no Sanuki.", "Q78431": "Oskar Heil (20 March 1908, in Langwieden \u2013 15 May 1994, San Mateo, California) was a German electrical engineer and inventor. He studied physics, chemistry, mathematics, and music at the Georg-August University of G\u00f6ttingen and was awarded his PhD in 1933, for his work on molecular spectroscopy.", "Q30449": "Avril Ramona Lavigne ( AV-ril l\u0259-VEEN, French: [av\u0281il lavi\u0272]; born September 27, 1984) is a Canadian-French singer, songwriter, and actress. By the age of 15, she had appeared on stage with Shania Twain, and by 16, she had signed a two-album recording contract with Arista Records worth more than $2 million.\nHer debut studio album, Let Go (2002), emphasized a skate punk persona that has earned her the title \"Pop Punk Queen\", from music publications. Lavigne is considered a key musician in the development of pop punk music since she paved the way for female-driven, punk-influenced pop music in the early 2000s.Lavigne's breakthrough single, \"Complicated\", reached number one in several countries worldwide and made her the youngest female soloist to have a number-one album in the United Kingdom. Her second studio album, Under My Skin (2004), became Lavigne's first album to reach the top of the Billboard 200 chart in the United States, going on to sell 10 million copies worldwide. The Best Damn Thing (2007), Lavigne's third studio album, reached number one in seven countries worldwide and saw the international success of its lead single \"Girlfriend\", which became her first single to reach the top of the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States. Her fourth and fifth studio albums, Goodbye Lullaby (2011) and Avril Lavigne (2013), were both certified gold in Canada, the United States, and other territories. In February 2019, Lavigne released her sixth studio album, Head Above Water, through BMG.\nIn addition to music, Lavigne voiced Heather, a Virginia opossum, in the animated film Over the Hedge (2006), and made her screen acting debut in Fast Food Nation (2006).\n\n", "Q375631": "Daniel M. Tani (born February 1, 1961) is an American engineer and a NASA astronaut. Although born in Ridley Park, Pennsylvania, he considers Lombard, Illinois, to be his hometown. With Peggy Whitson, Tani conducted the 100th spacewalk on the International Space Station.", "Q28206": "Augusta is the state capital of the U.S. state of Maine and the county seat of Kennebec County.The city's population was 19,136 at the 2010 census, making it the third-least populous state capital in the United States after Montpelier, Vermont, and Pierre, South Dakota, and the ninth-most populous city in Maine. Located on the Kennebec River at the head of tide, Augusta is home to the University of Maine at Augusta. Augusta is also the principal city in the Augusta-Waterville Micropolitan Statistical Area.", "Q537881": "Kevin Drumm is an experimental musician based in Chicago, United States.", "Q365422": "Adolph Kohut (10 November 1848 \u2013 21 or 22 November 1917) was a German-Hungarian journalist, literature and cultural historian, biographer, recitator and translator from Hungarian origin.", "Q234651": "Danielle Marie Campbell (born January 30, 1995) is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles as Jessica Olson in the 2010 Disney Channel Original Movie StarStruck, Simone Daniels in the 2011 Disney film Prom, Davina Claire in the 2013 CW television drama series The Originals and Kayla Powell in the 2018 CBS All Access television psychological thriller series Tell Me a Story.", "Q178391": "Xavier Kurt Naidoo (born 2 October 1971), also known by his stage name Kobra, is a German soul and R&B singer/songwriter, record producer, and occasional actor. He is a founding member of the German band S\u00f6hne Mannheims, and started two record labels, Beats Around the Bush and Naidoo Records. Naidoo also has a successful solo career. His debut album Nicht von dieser Welt (1998) has sold over 1 million records, and all his next six albums Zwischenspiel \u2013 Alles f\u00fcr den Herrn (2002), Telegramm f\u00fcr X (2005), Alles kann besser werden (2009), Danke f\u00fcr's Zuh\u00f6ren (2012), Bei meiner Seele (2013) und Nicht von dieser Welt 2 (2016) reached number 1 on the German album charts. Most of his songs are in German, however, he has also released a couple of English songs.\nHe has been the subject of multiple controversies due to the content of his songs, political statements, adherence to conspiracy theories, propagation of far-right talking points as well as his use of homophobic, antisemitic and racist tropes. Naidoo is also a climate change denier.", "Q2105413": "Wang Jianlin (Chinese: \u738b\u5065\u6797; pinyin: W\u00e1ng Ji\u00e0nl\u00edn; born 24 October 1954) is a Chinese billionaire businessman, politician, and philanthropist. He is the founder of Dalian Wanda Group, China's largest real estate development company, and the world's largest movie theater operator. He owns 15% of the Spanish football club Atl\u00e9tico Madrid. In 2016, Wang reached a deal with FIFA to launch the China Cup, in which national football teams compete in Asia each year.Wang has been the economic consultant for Yunnan province, as well as a construction consultant of the Guiyang government, and was named honorable citizen of Changchun city, and \"outstanding contributor\" to the construction of Dalian city.As of November 2019, Wang is estimated by Forbes to have a net worth of $12.5 billion, making him one of the richest men in China.", "Q441095": "MacKenzie Grace Mauzy (born October 14, 1988) is an American actress.", "Q959253": "Ren\u00e9 Baillaud (10 November 1885 \u2013 2 July 1977) was a French astronomer born in Toulouse.\nHe invented the \"parabolo\u00efde\" a precursor of the radar. This instrument made it possible to establish the position of planes without having to see them, using only the sound they produced. The precision of the instrument was such, that it was used during the first world war by the French military, to reppel night attacks from German bombers by pointing searchlights at them. This furthermore represented a rare technological superioty for the French. After this remarkable start in the fields of acoustics, he nonetheless decided to abandon this field. The reason being that his professor's own instrument didn't get chosen by the French military, and Ren\u00e9 feared he would have no academic future in this field. He then turned chronometry.\nHe initially worked at the observatories of Nice (1910\u20131924) and Marseille (1924\u20131930), while already teaching at the \"\u00c9cole d'Ing\u00e9nieurs de Marseille\", before taking a chair as professor at the University of Besan\u00e7on and becoming director of the Besan\u00e7on observatory until 1957. During this time he oversees the installation of special clock, in a specially built room 5 meter underneath the observatories' library to maintain constant temperature, allowing the observatory to Join the establishment of a global time network.\nHe is a founding member of the French society of chronometry, and its first chief of staff, creating in 1931 the journal \"Annales Fran\u00e7aises de Chronom\u00e9trie\". In order to join the global mapping project \"Carte du Ciel\" (directed by his brother), he oversees the installation of a specific instrument: \"astrographe triple\" dedicated to this purpose.\nRen\u00e9 Baillaud is the son of Benjamin Baillaud, and the brother of Jules Baillaud and \u00c9mile Baillaud.", "Q639182": "SST Records is an American independent record label formed in 1978 in Long Beach, California by musician Greg Ginn. The company was formed in 1966 by Ginn at age 12 as Solid State Tuners, a small business through which he sold electronics equipment. Ginn repurposed the company as a record label to release material by his band Black Flag.\nMusic writer Michael Azerrad wrote, \"Ginn took his label from a cash-strapped, cop-hassled store-front operation to easily the most influential and popular underground indie of the Eighties\". Along with other independent American labels such as Twin/Tone, Touch and Go Records, Epitaph and Dischord, SST helped to spearhead the nationwide network of underground bands that formed the pre-Nirvana indie-rock scene. These labels presided over the shift from the hardcore punk that then dominated the American underground scene to the more diverse styles of alternative rock that were emerging. SST initially focused on releasing material by hardcore punk groups from Southern California. As many of the bands on the label sought to expand beyond the limitations of the hardcore genre, SST released many key albums that were instrumental in the development of American alternative rock, including releases by the Minutemen, H\u00fcsker D\u00fc, the Meat Puppets, Soundgarden, Sonic Youth, and Dinosaur Jr. After a peak release schedule in the late 1980s, SST began venturing into jazz releases. SST is now based in Taylor, Texas. Sonic Youth, Soundgarden, Dinosaur Jr., and the Meat Puppets have reclaimed the rights to their respective SST material after leaving the label.", "Q151703": "The Luzhin Defence is a 2000 romantic drama film directed by Marleen Gorris, starring John Turturro and Emily Watson. The film centres on a mentally tormented chess grandmaster and the young woman he meets while competing at a world-class tournament in Italy. The screenplay was based on the novel The Defense (or The Luzhin Defence) by Vladimir Nabokov.\nEmily Watson received best actress nominations at the British Independent Film Awards and the London Film Critics Circle Awards.", "Q229166": "Amber Laura Heard (born April 22, 1986) is an American actress and model. Born and raised in Texas, she made her film debut in a minor supporting role in the sports drama Friday Night Lights (2004), followed by a series of other small roles in television and film. Her first leading role was in the horror film All the Boys Love Mandy Lane (2006), but it was not released in the United States until 2013 due to distribution problems. Her second major role came in the short-running The CW television series Hidden Palms (2007).\nHeard's breakthrough came in 2008 with roles in the action film Never Back Down and in the stoner comedy Pineapple Express, which were both box office successes. The same year, she received the Breakthrough Award at Young Hollywood Awards. Heard continued her career with roles in films such as The Informers (2008), The Stepfather (2009), Zombieland (2009), and The Joneses (2009). In 2011, she played the female lead opposite Nicolas Cage in Drive Angry, and opposite Johnny Depp in The Rum Diary; neither were critically nor commercially successful. Subsequently, Heard appeared in 3 Days to Kill (2014), Magic Mike XXL (2015) and The Danish Girl (2015). She also starred in the indie film The Adderall Diaries (2015), the television musical drama One More Time (2015), and the Martin Amis adaptation London Fields (2018). The latter was due to be released in 2015, but became the subject of a series of lawsuit between its director, Heard, and the film's production company over disagreements in its editing and other issues. The film was finally released in 2018, and was both a critical and commercial flop.\nIn 2017, Heard acted as part of an ensemble cast in the indie film I Do...Until I Don't (2017) and made an appearance as Mera in the superhero film Justice League (2017). She reprised the latter role opposite Jason Momoa in Aquaman (2018), which became the most profitable DC Extended Universe film up to that point, and the fifth highest-grossing film of 2018. The same year, Heard was also named a global spokesperson for the cosmetics giant L'Or\u00e9al Paris. In 2019, she appeared in supporting roles in the independent films Her Smell and Gully.\nIn addition to her acting career, Heard engages in activism for causes such as LGBTQ rights and domestic and sexual violence awareness. She is an American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) ambassador and has been named a Human Rights Champion for the Stand Up for Human Rights campaign by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. From 2015 to 2017, Heard was married to her The Rum Diary co-star Johnny Depp. Their divorce drew significant media attention as Heard alleged that Depp had been physically and verbally abusive towards her through most of their relationship. In 2019, he sued her for defamation after she discussed being a victim domestic violence in the media, alleging that Heard had been the party in fact physically and verbally abusive towards him over the course of their relationship. Heard has denied these allegations.", "Q302491": "Aaron Paul Sturtevant (born August 27, 1979) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Jesse Pinkman in the AMC series Breaking Bad (2008\u20132013), for which he won several awards, including the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series (2014), Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Series, Miniseries, or Television Film (2013), and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. This made him one of only two actors to win the latter category three times (2010, 2012, 2014), since its separation into comedy and drama. He has also won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television three times (2009, 2011, 2013), more than any other actor in that category. He starred as a villain in the 2009 remake of The Last House on the Left. In 2019, Paul reprised the role of Jesse Pinkman in the Netflix film El Camino: A Breaking Bad Movie.Paul began his career with roles in several music videos, guest roles in television, and minor roles in films. In 2007, he had a recurring role as Scott Quittman on the HBO series Big Love (2006\u20132011). Following Breaking Bad, he starred in films such as Need for Speed (2014), Exodus: Gods and Kings (2014), Eye in the Sky (2015), and Central Intelligence (2016). He also voiced Todd Chavez on the Netflix animated series BoJack Horseman (2014\u20132020), on which he was also an executive producer, and portrayed Eddie Lane in the Hulu drama series The Path (2016\u20132018).", "Q303957": "Joshua Daniel Hartnett (born July 21, 1978) is an American actor and movie producer. He first came to attention in 1997 for his role as Michael Fitzgerald in the television crime drama series Cracker. He made his feature film debut in 1998 in the slasher film Halloween H20: 20 Years Later, followed by teen roles in films such as the sci-fi horror film The Faculty (1998) and the drama The Virgin Suicides (1999). Hartnett had starring roles in the war film Pearl Harbor, the drama O, the war film Black Hawk Down, the romantic comedy 40 Days and 40 Nights, the crime thriller Lucky Number Slevin (2006), and other films.\nHe starred in the Brian De Palma\u2013directed neo-noir crime thriller The Black Dahlia (2006). He next appeared in the drama Resurrecting the Champ (2007) alongside Samuel L. Jackson, the graphic novel\u2013based vampire horror film 30 Days of Night (2007) and the neo-noir atmospheric thriller I Come with the Rain (2009). From 2014 to 2016, he starred as Ethan Chandler in the horror TV series Penny Dreadful, for which he was nominated for a Fangoria Chainsaw Award.", "Q78419": "Heinrich Karl Eckard Helmuth von Maltzan (September 6, 1826 \u2013 February 23, 1874), also known as Heinrich Eckhard Carl Helmuth von Maltzan and by his title Baron of Wartenburg and Penzlin, was a German traveller.", "Q770596": "L'Express (French pronunciation: \u200b[l\u025bks\u02c8p\u0281\u025bs]) is a French weekly news magazine headquartered in Paris. The weekly stands at the political centre in the French media landscape, and has a lifestyle supplement, L'Express Styles, and a job supplement, R\u00e9ussir.", "Q8019713": "Rev. William Venables-Vernon Harcourt (1789 \u2013 April 1871) founder of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, canon residentiary of the York Cathedral, Dean of Chichester, and later rector of Bolton Percy.", "Q374507": "The Impostors is a 1998 American farce motion picture directed, written and produced by Stanley Tucci, starring Oliver Platt, Tucci, Alfred Molina, Tony Shalhoub, Steve Buscemi, and Billy Connolly.\nThe film, in which Oliver Platt and Stanley Tucci play a Laurel and Hardy-like odd couple of out-of work actors, is set in the depression-era 1930s; indeed, the retro style of the film is a recreation of 1930s screwball comedy. The opening silent sequence harks back to the golden days of silent film.\nThe film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q4191": "Lucerne ( loo-SURN, French: [lys\u025b\u0281n]; German: Luzern [lu\u02c8ts\u025brn] (listen); Lucerne German: Loz\u00e4rn; Italian: Lucerna [lu\u02c8t\u0283\u025brna]; Romansh: Lucerna [lu\u02c8ts\u025brn\u0250] (listen)) is a city in central Switzerland, in the German-speaking portion of the country. Lucerne is the capital of the canton of Lucerne and part of the district of the same name. With a population of approximately 82,000 people, Lucerne is the most populous town in Central Switzerland, and a nexus of economics, transportation, culture, and media in the region. The city's urban area consists of 19 municipalities and towns with an overall population of about 220,000 people.Owing to its location on the shores of Lake Lucerne (German: Vierwaldst\u00e4ttersee) and its outflow, the river Reuss, within sight of the mounts Pilatus and Rigi in the Swiss Alps, Lucerne has long been a destination for tourists. One of the city's famous landmarks is the Chapel Bridge (German: Kapellbr\u00fccke), a wooden bridge first erected in the 14th century.\nThe official language of Lucerne is the Swiss variety of Standard German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q728925": "Luis Conrado Batlle y Berres (26 November 1897 \u2013 15 July 1964) was a Uruguayan political figure.", "Q700071": "Chen Din-hwa (simplified Chinese: \u9648\u5ef7\u9a85; traditional Chinese: \u9673\u5ef7\u9a4a; pinyin: Ch\u00e9n T\u00ednghu\u00e1; 1923 \u2013 17 June 2012), was a Hong Kong industrial tycoon, billionaire and philanthropist. He was known as the \"King of Cotton Yarn\" in Hong Kong.", "Q105352": "Ulrich Rippert (born 1951) is a German politician of Trotskyism and journalist. He is party leader of the German party Sozialistische Gleichheitspartei (SGP). This party is a member of the International Committee of the Fourth International. Rippert is a member of the World Socialist Web Site International Editorial Board. He is the father of two daughters and lives in Berlin.", "Q76434": "Georges Bernard Depping (11 May 1784 \u2013 5 September 1853), also known as Georg Bernhard Depping, was a German-French historian and writer.", "Q322999": "Chris Roberts (born May 27, 1968) is an American video game designer, programmer, film producer and film director. He created the Wing Commander series while at Origin Systems and is now working on the crowdfunded space simulator Star Citizen.", "Q187423": "Zelig is a 1983 American mockumentary film written and directed by Woody Allen and starring Allen and Mia Farrow. Allen plays Leonard Zelig, a nondescript enigma, who, apparently out of his desire to fit in and be liked, unwittingly takes on the characteristics of strong personalities around him. The film, presented as a documentary, recounts his period of intense celebrity in the 1920s, including analyses by contemporary intellectuals.", "Q188710": "Thai Airways International Public Co., ltd., trading as THAI (SET: THAI, Thai: \u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 \u0e08\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14 (\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19)) is the flag carrier airline of Thailand. Formed in 1988, the airline has its corporate headquarters in Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, Chatuchak District, Bangkok, and primarily operates from Suvarnabhumi Airport. THAI is a founding member of the Star Alliance. The airline is the second-largest shareholder of the low-cost carrier Nok Air with a 21.80 per cent stake, and it launched a regional carrier under the name Thai Smile in the middle of 2012 using new Airbus A320 aircraft.From its hub at Suvarnabhumi Airport and secondary hub at Phuket International Airport, Thai (including subsidiaries) flies to 84 destinations in 37 countries, using a fleet of over 90 aircraft. The airline was once the operator of two of the world's longest non-stop routes between Bangkok and Los Angeles and New York City, but due to high fuel prices, the withdrawal of aircraft, luggage weight limits and rising airfares, the airline abandoned all non-stop US services in 2012 indefinitely. As of 2013, services between Bangkok and Los Angeles were served via Incheon International Airport near Seoul, however, it ended its service to the US on 25 October 2015. Thai's route network is dominated by flights to Europe, East Asia, and South/Southwest Asia, though the airline serves five cities in Oceania. Thai was the first Asia-Pacific airline to serve London Heathrow Airport. Among Asia-Pacific carriers, the company has one of the largest passenger operations in Europe. As of the end of 2018, 1,438 of its 22,054 employees were pilots..", "Q201832": "Aligarh ( (listen); formerly Allygurh and Kol) is a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Aligarh district, and lies 307 kilometres (191 mi) northwest of Kanpur and approximately 130 kilometres (81 mi) southeast of the capital, New Delhi.\nThe recorded history of Aligarh begins with the establishment of the Aligarh Fort in the 16th century. It is a university town, notable as the seat of Aligarh Muslim University, which was founded here as Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875, initiating the Aligarh movement.\n\n", "Q115627": "Arturo Bocchini (Italian pronunciation: [ar\u02c8turo bok\u02c8kini]; 12 February 1880 \u2013 20 November 1940) was Italy's Chief of Police under the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini. He was a key figure in the Italian fascist regime from 1926 until his death. Bocchini headed both the regular police (Polizia di Stato) and the secret political police (OVRA) which was a pervasive national security agency that operated at all levels of Italian society. Bocchini only reported directly to the Duce and operated autonomously without interference from the National Fascist Party and the state prefects. His power and reach within the government led to him being called the \"deputy\".\n\n", "Q187345": "Zelda May Rubinstein (May 28, 1933 \u2013 January 27, 2010) was an American actress and human rights activist, known as eccentric medium Tangina Barrons in the Poltergeist film series. Playing \"Ginny\", she was a regular on David E. Kelley's Emmy Award-winning television series Picket Fences for two seasons. She also made guest appearances in the TV show Poltergeist: The Legacy (1996), as seer Christina, and was the voice of Skittles candies in their long-running \"Taste the Rainbow\" ad campaign. Rubinstein was also known for her outspoken activism for little people and her early participation in the fight against HIV/AIDS.", "Q276304": "Judith Josephine Grossman (January 21, 1923 \u2013 September 12, 1997), who took the pen-name Judith Merril around 1945, was an American and then Canadian science fiction writer, editor and political activist, and one of the first women to be widely influential in those roles.Although Judith Merril's first paid writing was in other genres, in her first few years of writing published science fiction she wrote her three novels (all but the first in collaboration with C.M. Kornbluth) and some stories. Her roughly four decades in that genre also included writing 26 published short stories, and editing a similar number of anthologies.", "Q1638933": "Hushang Ebtehaj (Persian: \u0647\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u200e, with the pen name of H. E. Sayeh (Persian: \u0647. \u0627. \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200e, lit. Shade) is an Iranian poet of the 20th century, whose life and work spans many of Iran's political, cultural and literary upheavals.\n\n", "Q79061": "Adam M\u00fcller-Guttenbrunn (22 October 1852 in Guttenbrunn, Austria, today Z\u0103brani, Romania \u2013 5 January 1923 in Vienna) was an Austrian author.", "Q1377579": "Konstantin Petrovich Kaufman (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0301\u0443\u0444\u043c\u0430\u043d; 2 March 1818 \u2013 16 May 1882), better known as Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufmann, was the first Governor-General of Russian Turkestan.\n\n", "Q353806": "Rafael Barrett, complete name Rafael \u00c1ngel Jorge Juli\u00e1n Barrett y \u00c1lvarez de Toledo, (Torrelavega, Spain, January 7, 1876 \u2013 Arcachon, France, December 17, 1910) was a Spanish writer, narrator, essayist and journalist, who developed most of his literary production in Paraguay, becoming an important figure of the Paraguayan literature during the twentieth century. He is particularly known for his stories and essays with profound philosophical content that exposed a vitalism that in some way anticipated existentialism. His philosophical and political statements in favor of anarchism are also well known.", "Q623864": "Arabian Nights is a two-part 2000 American/British miniseries, adapted by Peter Barnes (his last film) from Sir Richard Francis Burton's translation of the medieval epic One Thousand and One Nights. Mili Avital and Dougray Scott star as Scheherazade and Shahryar respectively. Produced by Dyson Lovell and directed by Steve Barron, the serial was made by Hallmark Entertainment and originally broadcast over two nights on 30 April and 1 May 2000 on BBC One in the United Kingdom and ABC in the United States.The series consists of five stories from One Thousand and One Nights, which are framed within a sixth, maintaining the traditional style of stories within stories that is synonymous with the Nights. The series cast includes Alan Bates, Rufus Sewell, Andy Serkis, James Frain, John Leguizamo (in a dual role), Jason Scott Lee, Vanessa-Mae, Alexei Sayle, Jim Carter, James Callis, and Oded Fehr.", "Q267209": "Mart\u00edn Luis Guzm\u00e1n Franco (October 6, 1887 \u2013 December 22, 1976) was a Mexican novelist and journalist. Along with Mariano Azuela and Nellie Campobello, he is considered a pioneer of the revolutionary novel, a genre inspired by the experiences of the Mexican Revolution of 1910. He spent periods in exile in the United States and Spain. He founded newspapers, weekly magazines, and publishing companies. In 1958, he was awarded Mexico's National Prize in Literature.", "Q38983": "Halina Mlynkova (born 22 June 1977 in N\u00e1vs\u00ed) is a Polish singer originally from the Czech Republic. From 1998 to 2003, she was the vocalist of a popular Polish folk-rock group Brathanki.\nShe was born in Zaolzie, Cieszyn Silesia in the Polish family, as a daughter of W\u0142adys\u0142aw and Anna M\u0142ynek. She graduated from Medical High School in Cieszyn and Jagiellonian University in Krak\u00f3w.She was married to Polish actor \u0141ukasz Nowicki for nine years. They divorced on 25 May 2012. \u0141ukasz and Halina have a son Piotr. Since February 2015 she is married to the Czech music producer Le\u0161ek Wronka. Mlynkova is a Lutheran.", "Q433403": "Joan Shawlee (March 5, 1926 \u2013 March 22, 1987), also credited as Joan Fulton, was an American film and television actress.", "Q332234": "Ted Simon (born 1931) is a German-born British travel writer noted for circumnavigating the world twice by motorcycle. He was raised in London by a German mother and a Romanian father.", "Q1796202": "The Kingdom of Granada (; Spanish: Reino de Granada) was a territorial jurisdiction of the Crown of Castile from the conclusion of the Reconquista in 1492 until Javier de Burgos' provincial division of Spain in 1833. This was a \"kingdom\" (\"reino\") in the second sense given by the Diccionario de la lengua espa\u00f1ola de la Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola: the Crown of Castile consisted of several such kingdoms. Its extent is detailed in Gelo del Cabildo's 1751 Respuestas Generales del Catastro de Ensenada (1750\u201354), which was part of the documentation of a census. Like the other kingdoms within Spain, the Kingdom of Granada was abolished by the 1833 territorial division of Spain.\nAfter the Granada War ended 2 January 1492, the old Muslim-ruled Emirate of Granada became part of the Crown of Castile. The kingdom was the location of a Muslim rebellion in 1499-1501 and after the Muslims were defeated and forcibly converted, a Morisco rebellion in 1568-1571. Following the annexation, The city of Granada, which had been the last center of Muslim power in the Iberian Peninsula, lost its political importance and even much of its economic importance, and entered a long period of decline. The European discovery of America gave preeminence to Seville, the only important inland port, which by the 16th century had become the principal city not only of Andalusia, but of all Spain. Nonetheless, Granada continued to play a significant institutional role: it was one of the seventeen cities with a vote in the Cortes de Castilla, the Granada Cathedral was the seat of an archdiocese and the Royal Chancery of Granada was the highest judicial court for half of the Crown of Castile, equaled only by a corresponding institution in Valladolid.\nThe difficulties of religious and ethnic integration of the Moriscos (former Muslims who had converted to Christianity) with the now-dominant Old Christians resulted in the unsuccessful, harshly repressed Morisco Revolt of 1568\u20131571. The Moriscos were initially dispersed in the Castilian interior, then expelled outright from Spain in 1609.\nToday, all the territory of the Kingdom of Granada is part of the territory of the autonomous community of Andalusia.", "Q5279909": "The Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation is the oldest diplomatic academy in the world, which trains specialists in the field of international relations, international economic relations and international law.\nThe Diplomatic Academy is an educational institution founded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. Besides the higher professional education programs, the Diplomatic Academy implements additional education programs. The main ones are the programs of retraining and advanced training of diplomatic workers in Russia and foreign countries.", "Q245916": "House of the Long Shadows is a 1983 comedy horror film directed by Pete Walker. It is notable because four iconic horror film stars (Vincent Price, Christopher Lee, Peter Cushing and John Carradine) are together in one feature. The screenplay by Michael Armstrong is based on the 1913 novel Seven Keys to Baldpate by Earl Derr Biggers, which was also adapted into a famous play that gave birth in turn to several films. The original music score was composed by Richard Harvey.\n\n", "Q339361": "Antoine Izm\u00e9ry (died September 11, 1993) was a Haitian businessman and pro-democracy activist.", "Q889516": "Keen Johnson (January 12, 1896 \u2013 February 7, 1970) was the 45th Governor of Kentucky, serving from 1939 to 1943; being the only journalist to have held that office. After serving in World War I, Johnson purchased and edited the Elizabethtown Mirror newspaper. He revived the struggling paper, sold it to a competitor and used the profits to obtain his journalism degree from the University of Kentucky in 1922. After graduation, he became editor of The Anderson News, and in 1925, he accepted an offer to co-publish and edit the Richmond Daily Register.\nIn 1935, Johnson was chosen as the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor. He was elected and served under Governor A. B. \"Happy\" Chandler from 1935 to 1939. He had already secured the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1939 when Chandler resigned and elevated Johnson to governor so that Johnson could appoint Chandler to the U.S. Senate seat vacated by the death of M. M. Logan. He went on to win a full gubernatorial term in the general election, defeating Republican King Swope. Johnson's desire to expand the state's social services was hampered by the financial strain imposed on the state by the outbreak of World War II. Nevertheless, he ran a fiscally conservative administration and took the state from being $7 million in debt to having a surplus of $10 million by the end of his term.\nFollowing his term as governor, Johnson joined Reynolds Metals as a special assistant to the president. He continued his employment with Reynolds until 1961. He took a year-long leave of absence in 1946 to accept President Harry S. Truman's appointment as the first U.S. Undersecretary of Labor, serving under Lewis B. Schwellenbach. He unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the U.S. Senate in 1960, losing to incumbent Republican John Sherman Cooper. He died February 7, 1970, and was buried in Richmond Cemetery in Richmond, Kentucky.", "Q75883": "Peter Huchel (April 3, 1903 \u2013 April 30, 1981), born Hellmut Huchel, was a German poet.", "Q982331": "Matti R\u00f6nk\u00e4 (born 9 September 1959) is a Finnish TV journalist and novelist. He received the Glass Key award in 2007 for the crime novel Yst\u00e4v\u00e4t kaukana and the Deutscher Krimi Preis third prize in 2008 for the German translation of his novel Tappajan n\u00e4k\u00f6inen mies (2002) (German: Der Grenzg\u00e4nger). He has been the anchor of the daily news program 20:30 National Report since 2003 on Yle, thus inheriting the nickname \"Suomen \u00e4\u00e4ni\" (English: \"The Voice of Finland\") from the program's old host Arvi Lind.", "Q437665": "Luca Giuseppe \"Luke\" Pasqualino (born 19 February 1990) is a British actor, known for his portrayal of Freddie McClair in the television series Skins and d'Artagnan in the television series The Musketeers. From 2016\u201317, he played Elvis Harte in another BBC show Our Girl.", "Q377768": "Bernard Foccroulle (born 23 November 1953 in Li\u00e8ge) is a Belgian organist, composer, conductor and opera director. He studied at the Conservatoire de Li\u00e8ge and initially became known as a member of the Ricercar Consort. He was president of the Jeunesses musicales, then in 1992 named director of the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre royal de la Monnaie.", "Q1957": "Vologda (Russian: \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430, IPA: [\u02c8vol\u0259\u0261d\u0259]) is a city and the administrative, cultural, and scientific center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Vologda River within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. Population: 301,755\u2009(2010 Census); 293,046 (2002 Census); 282,802\u2009(1989 Census).The city serves as a major transport hub of the Northwest of Russia. The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation has classified Vologda as an historic city, one of forty-one in Russia and one of only three in Vologda Oblast. 224 buildings in Vologda have been officially recognized as cultural heritage monuments.", "Q45940": "James Paul Lankford (born March 4, 1968) is an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Oklahoma since 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the U.S. Representative for Oklahoma's 5th congressional district from 2011 to 2015.\nFrom 1996 to 2009, Lankford was the student ministries and evangelism specialist for the Baptist General Convention of Oklahoma and director of the youth programming at the Falls Creek Baptist Conference Center in Davis, Oklahoma.\nIn January 2014, Lankford announced he would run in the 2014 U.S. Senate special election following Tom Coburn's resignation from the Senate. He won the June 2014 primary with 57% of the vote, becoming the Republican nominee. He won the special election with nearly 68% of the vote and was elected to the balance of Coburn's term. He was reelected in 2016, again with nearly 68% of the vote.\n\n", "Q111441": "Eleonore Weisgerber (born August 18, 1948) is a German television actress. She established a foundation to help research for the treatment of bipolar disorder.", "Q234137": "Megan Mullally (born November 12, 1958) is an American actress, comedian and singer. She played Karen Walker on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace (1998\u20132006, 2017\u20132020), for which she received eight Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, winning twice in 2000 and 2006. She also received nominations for numerous other accolades for her portrayal, including seven consecutive Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series, winning three times in 2001, 2002, and 2003, as well as receiving four Golden Globe Award nominations.\nFrom 2006 to 2007, Mullally hosted the talk show The Megan Mullally Show. Since then, she has been a series regular on several television series, such as In the Motherhood, Party Down, Childrens Hospital, and Breaking In. She has also appeared in guest spots and recurring roles on other comedy series, including Parks and Recreation, Happy Endings, Bob's Burgers, 30 Rock, Up All Night, Boston Legal, and The New Adventures of Old Christine. In addition to television, Mullally has also ventured into film, with appearances in Smashed (2012), The Kings of Summer (2013) and Why Him? (2016).", "Q379745": "Carlos Drummond de Andrade (October 31, 1902 \u2013 August 17, 1987) was a Brazilian poet and writer, considered by some as the greatest Brazilian poet of all time. He has become something of a national cultural symbol in Brazil, where his widely influential poem \"Can\u00e7\u00e3o Amiga\" (\"Friendly Song\") has been featured on the 50-cruzado novo bill.", "Q62327": "Magdalena Schneider (17 May 1909 \u2013 30 July 1996) was a German actress and singer. She is the mother of the actress Romy Schneider.", "Q4005789": "Universal Motown Records was an American record label that operated as a division of Universal Motown Republic Group. It was the contemporary incarnation of the legendary Motown Records label, and the \"urban\" half of UMG, although there were some rock artists on the label (along with its sub-labels) as well.", "Q65448": "Hermann Sudermann (30 September 1857 \u2013 21 November 1928) was a German dramatist and novelist.", "Q147607": "Jablonec nad Nisou ([\u02c8jablon\u025bts \u02c8nad \u0272\u026asou] (listen); German: Gablonz an der Nei\u00dfe), known locally as Jablonec, is a city in northern Bohemia, the second-largest city of the Liberec Region. It is a mountain resort in the Jizera Mountains, and also a local centre for education, and is known for its glass and jewelry production. From 1938 to 1945 it was one of the municipalities in Sudetenland.", "Q185546": "Antonio Molina (9 March 1928 - 18 March 1992) was a Spanish Flamenco dancer and popular singer and actor in films and on theatrical stage. Born in M\u00e1laga, from the age of 10 he showed great aptitude for flamenco singing, and became popular by participating in various radio shows. He had a high, brilliant voice, which he perhaps abused until he lost it prematurely. He was very popular starring in many theater shows. His film career began in 1953, and he is remembered for films such as \"El pescador de coplas\" (1953), \"Esa voz es una mina\" (1955), and \"La hija de Juan Sim\u00f3n\" (1956). He maintained his popularity for many years by touring with his own musical show. After a few years of retirement, he attempted an unsuccessful come-back in 1986.\nMolina was the husband of Angela Tejedor and they had 8 children, among them actors and actresses (\u00c1ngela Molina, Miguel Molina, Paula Molina, Noel Molina and M\u00f3nica Molina). He died in Madrid in 1992.", "Q712307": "Sir Joseph Whitworth, 1st Baronet (21 December 1803 \u2013 22 January 1887) was an English engineer, entrepreneur, inventor and philanthropist. In 1841, he devised the British Standard Whitworth system, which created an accepted standard for screw threads. Whitworth also created the Whitworth rifle, often called the \"sharpshooter\" because of its accuracy and considered one of the earliest examples of a sniper rifle.Upon his death in 1887, he bequeathed much of his fortune for the people of Manchester, with the Whitworth Art Gallery and Christie Hospital partly funded by Whitworth's money. Whitworth Street and Whitworth Hall in Manchester are named in his honour. Whitworth was created a baronet on 7 October 1869.\n\n", "Q108104": "Karina Kraushaar (9 April 1971 \u2013 5 March 2015) was a German television actress, painter, and trained nurse, primarily known for her performances in German soap operas such as Die Rettungsflieger, F\u00fcr alle F\u00e4lle Stefanie, Leipzig Homicide and Hallo Robbie!Initially educated as a nurse, Karina Kraushaar started a career as a photo model in 1992. In 1997 she took acting and diction at the Stage School of Hamburg and began to appear on German television in a variety of roles. She played in the series Alphateam, Der Bulle von T\u00f6lz, Stubbe \u2013 Von Fall zu Fall, Klinik unter Palmen, Alarm f\u00fcr Cobra 11 and the Rosamunde-Pilcher-movie Blumen im Regen.\nIn the ZDF-Series Hallo Robbie! she played a marine biologist called Carla Dux. She also hosted the television show Love Stories.Kraushaar was found unconscious in her apartment in Hamburg-Eppendorf on 5 March 2015. She died the same day due to multiple organ failure at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf.", "Q182229": "George Arliss (born Augustus George Andrews, 10 April 1868 \u2013 5 February 1946) was an English actor, author, playwright and filmmaker who found success in the United States. He was the first British actor to win an Academy Award \u2013 which he won for his performance as Victorian-era British prime minister Benjamin Disraeli in Disraeli (1929), as well as the earliest-born actor to win the honour.", "Q233894": "Lee Soon-gyu (born May 15, 1989), known professionally as Sunny, is an American singer and entertainer based in South Korea. She debuted as a member of girl group Girls' Generation (and later its subgroup Girls' Generation-Oh!GG) in August 2007, which went on to become one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea's most popular girl groups worldwide. Apart from her group's activities, Sunny has participated in numerous side projects including original soundtracks, television variety shows, musical acting and radio hosting.\n\n", "Q25078": "Terrence Vance Gilliam (; born 22 November 1940) is an American-born British screenwriter, film director, animator, actor, comedian and former member of the Monty Python comedy troupe.\nGilliam has directed 13 feature films, including Time Bandits (1981), Brazil (1985), The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988), The Fisher King (1991), 12 Monkeys (1995), Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), The Brothers Grimm (2005), Tideland (2005), and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009). The only \"Python\" not born in Britain, he became a naturalised British subject in 1968 and formally renounced his American citizenship in 2006.\nGilliam was born in Minnesota, but spent his high school and college years in Los Angeles. He started his career as an animator and strip cartoonist. He joined Monty Python as the animator of their works, but eventually became a full member and was given acting roles. He became a feature film director in the 1970s. Most of his films explore the theme of imagination and its importance to life, express his opposition to bureaucracy and authoritarianism, and feature characters facing dark or paranoid situations. His own scripts feature black comedy and tragicomedy elements, combined with surprise endings.\nIn 1988, Gilliam and the other Monty Python members received the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema. In 2009, Gilliam received the BAFTA Fellowship for lifetime achievement.", "Q272176": "Christine Helen Lakin (born January 25, 1979) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Alicia \"Al\" Lambert on the 1990s ABC/CBS sitcom Step by Step. She also played Joan of Arc on Showtime's Reefer Madness, was the sidekick on Craig Kilborn's 2010 Fox talk show The Kilborn File, and provides the voice of Joyce Kinney in Family Guy.", "Q157400": "Idina Kim Menzel (; n\u00e9e Mentzel; born May 30, 1971) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. Menzel rose to prominence when she originated the role of Maureen Johnson in the Broadway musical Rent. Her performance earned her a Tony Award nomination in 1996. She reprised the character in the musical's 2005 film adaptation. In 2003, Menzel originated the role of Elphaba in the Broadway musical Wicked, a performance for which she won the 2004 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical. Menzel returned to Broadway as Elizabeth Vaughan in the 2014 musical If/Then, which earned her a third Tony Award nomination.\nAdditionally, Menzel is known for playing Shelby Corcoran on the musical dramedy TV series Glee from 2010 to 2013 and Nancy Tremaine in the 2007 Disney live-action/animated film Enchanted. She also voiced Queen Elsa in Disney's hit 2013 3D CGI-animated musical film Frozen, in which she sang the Oscar- and Grammy Award-winning song \"Let It Go\". The song reached number 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, making Menzel the first Tony Award-winning actress to reach the top 10. In 2019, Menzel reprised her voice role as Elsa in Frozen II. Her album Holiday Wishes was released in 2014 and reached number 6 on the Billboard 200.", "Q111455": "Richard Walker Barton (1800 \u2013 March 15, 1859) was a nineteenth-century politician and lawyer from Virginia, USA.", "Q120850": "Eric Honegger Pierre Antoine (born 29 April 1946) is a Swiss politician, member of the FDP.The Liberals party, and manager.\n\n", "Q62333": "Peter Aloysius M\u00fcller (born 25 September 1955 in Illingen, Saar Protectorate) is a German politician belonging to the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). From 1999 to 2011, he has held the position of Premier (Ministerpr\u00e4sident) of the state of Saarland, serving as President of the Bundesrat in 2008/09. In December 2011, M\u00fcller was elected as judge of German Bundesverfassungsgericht.", "Q2324303": "J\u00f8rgen Vig Knudstorp (born 21 November 1968 in Fredericia) is the executive chairman and former CEO of the Lego Group. He succeeded Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen.\n\n", "Q131785": "The Denmark national football team (Danish: Danmarks fodboldlandshold) represents Denmark in men's international football competition, and is controlled by the Danish Football Association (DBU), the governing body for the football clubs which are organized under DBU. Denmark's home stadium is Parken Stadium in the \u00d8sterbro district of Copenhagen, and their head coach is Kasper Hjulmand.\nDenmark were the winners of the Football at the 1906 Intercalated Games and silver medalists at the 1908 and 1912 Olympics. However, as amateurs who prohibited their internationals from becoming professionals at foreign clubs, Denmark did not qualify for the FIFA World Cup until 1986, although they won another Olympic silver in 1960.\nSince 1983, the team has continuously been visible as a solidly competitive side, with the triumph in the 1992 European Championship in Sweden as its most prominent victory, defeating defending champions the Netherlands in the semi-final and Germany in the final. They also won the 1995 FIFA Confederations Cup, defeating Argentina in the final. Their best World Cup result was achieved in 1998, where they narrowly lost 3\u20132 in a quarter-final against Brazil. Denmark also made the second round in 1986, 2002 and 2018.", "Q366671": "Jan Hammer (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8jan \u02c8\u0266am\u025br]) (born 17 April 1948) is a Czech-American musician, composer and record producer. He first gained his most visible audience while playing keyboards with the Mahavishnu Orchestra in the early 1970s, as well as his film scores for television and film including \"Miami Vice Theme\" and \"Crockett's Theme\", from the 1980s television program, Miami Vice. He has continued to work as both a musical performer and producer, expanding to producing film later in his career.\nHammer has collaborated with some of the era's most influential jazz and rock musicians such as John McLaughlin, Jeff Beck, Al Di Meola, Mick Jagger, Carlos Santana, Stanley Clarke, Tommy Bolin, Neal Schon, Steve Lukather and Elvin Jones. He has composed and produced at least 14 original motion picture soundtracks, the music for 90 episodes of Miami Vice and 20 episodes of the television series Chancer.\nHis compositions have won him several Grammy Awards.", "Q179925": "Sir Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbini\u00e8re, (December 5, 1829 \u2013 November 16, 1908) served as the fourth Premier of the Canadian province of Quebec, a federal Cabinet minister, and the seventh Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia.", "Q275619": "Linda Purl (born September 2, 1955) is an American actress and singer, known for her roles as Sheila Munroe in the 1982 horror film Visiting Hours, Pam Beesley's mother Helene in The Office, and Ben Matlock's daughter Charlene Matlock for the first season of the television series Matlock.\n\n", "Q71429": "Countess Fanny \"Franziska\" zu Reventlow (Fanny Liane Wilhelmine Sophie Auguste Adrienne) 18 May 1871 \u2013 26 July 1918) was a German writer, artist and translator, who became famous as the \"Bohemian Countess\" of Schwabing (an entertainment district in Munich) in the years leading up to World War I.", "Q531572": "Brenda Czajka Barnes (November 11, 1953 \u2013 January 17, 2017) was an American businesswoman who served as president, chairman and chief executive of Sara Lee, and was the first female CEO at PepsiCo.\n\n", "Q115633": "Niklaus Riggenbach (21 May 1817 \u2013 25 July 1899) was the inventor of the Riggenbach rack system and the counter-pressure brake. He was also an engineer and locomotive builder.\nNiklaus Riggenbach, from R\u00fcnenberg, Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland, was born in Guebwiller, Alsace. After the death of his father, his mother returned to Basel with her eight young children. At age 16 Riggenbach began an apprenticeship as a mechanic, going abroad after completing his training. In 1837 he found his way to Paris, where he accepted employment. By taking technical courses in night school, he acquired considerable knowledge in mathematics and physics. With the opening of the Paris-St. Germain railroad line in 1839 he found his vocation to build locomotives.\nIn June 1840 he moved to Karlsruhe, Germany, and found employment in the machine works of Emil Kessler. Here he soon rose to managing director and was involved in the construction of no less than 150 locomotives. One of these steam engines was the \"Limmat\" of the Schweizerischen Nordbahn (Swiss Northern Railway), opened on 9 August 1847, also called the Spanisch-Br\u00f6tli line, which he ferried to Switzerland in order to test it on the Z\u00fcrich-Baden line.\nAs construction of the Basel-Olten line began in 1853, the board of directors of the Schweizer Centralbahn Gesellschaft (Swiss Central Rail Association) appointed him chief of the machine works. He made several official trips to England and Austria, and crawled under a fair number of steam locomotives and into their boilers, \"to make the good even better.\" Various improvements in railroading bear his name. In 1856 he became a master machinist and boss of the new main workshop of the Centralbahn in Olten. Under his direction this workshop evolved into a full-fledged engine works, building the company's own locomotives and bridges.\nTrack grip (adhesion) on the Hauenstein line caused him concern. The difficulties led Riggenbach to the concept of the rack railway. After many attempts he discovered that one could negotiate steeper stretches of track by bolting a rack between the rails, which a toothed wheel or cog on the underside of the locomotive could engage. He built his first locomotive in 1862, and on 12 August 1863 France awarded him Patent No. 59625 for the invention. The Vitznau-Rigi line was inaugurated in 1871 as the first mountain railway to use the Riggenbach system in Europe. The locomotives were equipped with his counter-pressure braking system.", "Q2034816": "Peder Anker (8 December 1749 \u2013 10 December 1824) was a prominent Norwegian landowner, businessman and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1814 until 1822.", "Q1339164": "Warner Tjardus Koiter (Amsterdam, June 16, 1914 \u2013 Delft, September 2, 1997) was an influential mechanical engineer and the Professor of Applied Mechanics at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands from 1949 to 1979.", "Q66155": "Hans-Ulrich Wehler (September 11, 1931 \u2013 July 5, 2014) was a German left-liberal historian known for his role in promoting social history through the \"Bielefeld School\", and for his critical studies of 19th-century Germany.", "Q721915": "Major John Strange Spencer-Churchill, DSO, TD (4 February 1880 \u2013 23 February 1947), known as Jack Churchill, was the younger son of Lord Randolph Churchill and his wife Jennie, and the brother of former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Sir Winston Churchill.", "Q238719": "Naomi Shemer (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05e2\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05de\u05e8\u200e; July 13, 1930 \u2013 June 26, 2004) was a leading Israeli musician and songwriter, hailed as the \"first lady of Israeli song and poetry.\" Her song \"Yerushalayim Shel Zahav\" (\"Jerusalem of Gold\") written in 1967, became an unofficial second anthem after Israel won the Six-Day War that year and reunited Jerusalem.", "Q315847": "Stepan Osipovich Makarov (Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0301\u043d \u041e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432; 8 January 1849 [O.S. 27 December 1848] \u2013 13 April [O.S. 31 March] 1904) was a Russian vice-admiral, a highly accomplished and decorated commander of the Imperial Russian Navy, an oceanographer, awarded by the Russian Academy of Sciences, and author of several books. He is the author of the insubmersibility theory, developer of a Cyrillic-based semaphore alphabet. A proponent of icebreaker use, he supervised the first ever polar icebreaker construction, Makarov also designed several ships. The town of Shiritoru on Sakhalin island was renamed Makarov in 1946 in his honor.", "Q353812": "Stanis\u0142aw Baczy\u0144ski aka \"Adam Kersten\", \"Bittner\", \"Akst\" (27 July 1890 in Lw\u00f3w \u2013 27 July 1939 in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish writer, literary critic, journalist, soldier of the Polish Legions and captain of the Polish Army. Father of Krzysztof Kamil Baczy\u0144ski.", "Q76346": "Mileva Mari\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u045b; December 19, 1875 \u2013 August 4, 1948), sometimes called Mileva Mari\u0107-Einstein or Mileva Mari\u0107-Ajn\u0161tajn (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u045b-\u0410\u0458\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0458\u043d), was a Serbian physicist and mathematician and the first wife of Albert Einstein from 1903 to 1919. She was the only woman among Einstein's fellow students at Z\u00fcrich's Polytechnic and was the second woman to finish a full program of study at the Department of Mathematics and Physics. Mari\u0107 and Einstein were collaborators and lovers and had a daughter Lieserl in 1902, whose fate is unknown. They later had two sons, Hans Albert and Eduard.\nThey separated in 1914, with Mari\u0107 taking the boys and returning to Zurich from Berlin. They divorced in 1919; that year Einstein married again. When he received the Nobel Prize in 1921, he transferred the money to Mari\u0107, chiefly to support their sons; she had access to the interest. In 1930 at about age 20, their second son Eduard had a breakdown and was diagnosed with schizophrenia. With expenses mounting by the late 1930s for his institutional care, Mari\u0107 sold two of the three houses she and Einstein had purchased. He made regular contributions to his sons' care, which he continued after emigrating to the United States with his second wife (Elsa, his first cousin).", "Q57388": "Joyce Hilda Banda (n\u00e9e Ntila; born 12 April 1950) is a Malawian politician who was the President of Malawi from 7 April 2012 to 31 May 2014. She is the founder and leader of the People's Party, created in 2011.An educator and grassroots women's rights activist, she was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006-09 and Vice-President of Malawi from May 2009 to April 2012.Banda took office as President following the sudden death of President Bingu wa Mutharika. She was Malawi's fourth president and its first female president and second female head of state after Elizabeth II. Banda was the second woman to become president on the African continent. Before becoming president, she served as the country's first female vice-president.Before becoming President of the Republic of Malawi, she had served in various roles as a Member of Parliament, Minister of Gender and Child Welfare, and as Foreign Minister.Before her active career in politics she was the founder of the Joyce Banda Foundation, founder of the National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network and the Hunger Project. In June 2014, Forbes named President Banda as the 40th most powerful woman in the world and the most powerful woman in Africa. In October 2014, she was included in the BBC's 100 Women.In November 2016, Banda announced that she was willing to stand as a presidential candidate in the 2019 elections.", "Q201198": "Travis Fimmel (born 15 July 1979) is an Australian actor and former model best known for his role as Ragnar Lothbrok in the History Channel television series Vikings.\n\n", "Q2361887": "Internal bleeding (also called internal hemorrhage) is a loss of blood from a blood vessel that collects inside the body. Internal bleeding is usually not visible from the outside. It is a serious medical emergency but the extent of severity depends on bleeding rate and location of the bleeding (e.g. head, torso, extremities). Severe internal bleeding into the chest, abdomen, retroperitoneal space, pelvis, and thighs can cause hemorrhagic shock or death if proper medical treatment is not received quickly. Internal bleeding is a medical emergency and should be treated immediately by medical professionals.", "Q70737": "Hans Mayer (19 March 1907 in Cologne \u2013 19 May 2001 in T\u00fcbingen) was a German literary scholar. Mayer was also a jurist and social researcher and was internationally recognized as a critic, author and musicologist.", "Q1366460": "Tracey Walter (born November 25, 1947) is an American character actor. He has appeared in over 100 films and television series.", "Q846373": "The Temptations are an American vocal group who released a series of successful singles and albums with Motown Records during the 1960s and 1970s. The group's work with producer Norman Whitfield, beginning with the Top 10 hit single \"Cloud Nine\" in October 1968, pioneered psychedelic soul, and was significant in the evolution of R&B and soul music. The band members are known for their choreography, distinct harmonies, and dress style. Having sold tens of millions of albums, the Temptations are among the most successful groups in popular music.Featuring five male vocalists and dancers (save for brief periods with fewer or more members), the group formed in 1960 in Detroit, Michigan under the name The Elgins. The founding members came from two rival Detroit vocal groups: Otis Williams, Elbridge \"Al\" Bryant, and Melvin Franklin of Otis Williams & the Distants, and Eddie Kendricks and Paul Williams of the Primes. In 1964, Bryant was replaced by David Ruffin, who was the lead vocalist on a number of the group's biggest hits, including \"My Girl\" (1964), \"Ain't Too Proud to Beg\" (1966), and \"I Wish It Would Rain\" (1967). Ruffin was replaced in 1968 by Dennis Edwards, with whom the group continued to record hit records such as \"Cloud Nine\" (1969) and \"Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today)\" (1970). The group's lineup has changed frequently since the departures of Kendricks and Paul Williams from the act in 1971. Later members of the group have included singers such as Richard Street, Damon Harris, Ron Tyson, and Ali-Ollie Woodson, with whom the group scored a late-period hit in 1984 with \"Treat Her Like a Lady\".\nOver the course of their career, the Temptations released four Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles and fourteen R&B number-one singles. Their music has earned three Grammy Awards. The Temptations were the first Motown recording act to win a Grammy Award - for \"Cloud Nine\" in 1969 - and in 2013 received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Six of the Temptations (Edwards, Franklin, Kendricks, Ruffin, Otis Williams and Paul Williams) were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989. Three classic Temptations songs, \"My Girl\", \"Just My Imagination (Running Away with Me)\", and \"Papa Was a Rollin' Stone\", are among The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. The Temptations were ranked at number 68 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Artists of all time.\nAs of 2020, the Temptations continues to perform with founder Otis Williams in the lineup (Williams owns the rights to the Temptations name).", "Q70051": "Ortwin Runde (born February 12, 1944) is a German politician from the Social Democratic party. He was the First Mayor (Erster B\u00fcrgermeister) of the Free and Hanseatic City Hamburg from 1997 to 2001.", "Q95963": "Martin Mussgnug (22 February 1936 in Heidelberg \u2013 2 February 1997 in Singen) was a German politician and leader of the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) from 1971 to 1991.\nHe first came to prominence in 1956 when he set up the Bund Nationaler Studenten, a far-right student organisation that was banned in 1963. Whilst leading this group he became involved with the Deutsche Reichspartei, becoming deputy chair of their Heidelberg group and following the party into the NPD in 1964. By 1968 he had been appointed chair of the NPD in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg and was elected to the state Landtag that same year. He held the seat until 1972 when the party was eliminated from the Landtag. He replaced Adolf von Thadden as party leader in 1971 although the battle for the leadership proved somewhat divisive as his defeated opponent, Siegfried P\u00f6hlmann, split away from the NPD with his supporters the following year in order to establish his own group, Aktion Neue Rechte.Mussgnug followed a largely similar course in party policy terms, in the process becoming the party's longest serving leader to date. Nonetheless he and von Thadden did not enjoy a good relationship, due to Mussgnug's closeness to his rival Gerhard Frey. Von Thadden left the party in 1975 over the issue and Mussgnug secured for Frey a seat on the NPD's Executive Committee. Ultimately Mussgnug resigned on 16 December 1990 following poor results for the party in the 1990 federal election. Succeeded by Deckert, he left the NPD after this and became involved in setting up the German League for People and Homeland (DLVH). He disappeared from politics when this group proved unsuccessful.", "Q21578": "Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. The institution moved to Newark in 1747, then to the current site nine years later, and renamed itself Princeton University in 1896.Princeton provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering. It offers professional degrees through the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, the School of Engineering and Applied Science, the School of Architecture and the Bendheim Center for Finance. The university has ties with the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton Theological Seminary and the Westminster Choir College of Rider University. Princeton has the largest endowment per student in the United States. From 2001 to 2018, Princeton University was ranked either first or second among national universities by U.S. News & World Report, holding the top spot for 16 of those 18 years.As of March 2020, 68 Nobel laureates, 15 Fields Medalists and 14 Turing Award laureates have been affiliated with Princeton University as alumni, faculty members or researchers. In addition, Princeton has been associated with 21 National Medal of Science winners, 5 Abel Prize winners, 5 National Humanities Medal recipients, 209 Rhodes Scholars, 139 Gates Cambridge Scholars and 126 Marshall Scholars. Two U.S. Presidents, twelve U.S. Supreme Court Justices (three of whom currently serve on the court) and numerous living billionaires and foreign heads of state are all counted among Princeton's alumni body. Princeton has also graduated many prominent members of the U.S. Congress and the U.S. Cabinet, including eight Secretaries of State, three Secretaries of Defense and the current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.", "Q216382": "Wolfgang Bahro (born 18 September 1960) is a German actor of television, stage, and film. He also works as a voice actor. Bahro has been best known for his role as Jo Gerner on the popular soap opera Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten.", "Q934097": "Bernardo de Monteagudo (1789\u20131825) was a political activist and revolutionary.\nHe took part in the liberation struggles in South America, particularly in Argentina.\nHe was born in Tucum\u00e1n in Argentina, and was assassinated in Lima.\nHe was most likely of mixed race, with ancestry which included African slaves. He was a key figure in the presence of Afrodescendants in the 18th and 19th centuries.", "Q295935": "John Philip Sousa (; November 6, 1854 \u2013 March 6, 1932) was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era known primarily for American military marches. He is known as \"The March King\" or the \"American March King\", to distinguish him from his British counterpart Kenneth J. Alford who is also known as \"The March King\". Among his best-known marches are \"The Stars and Stripes Forever\" (National March of the United States of America), \"Semper Fidelis\" (official march of the United States Marine Corps), \"The Liberty Bell\", \"The Thunderer\", and \"The Washington Post\".\nSousa began his career playing violin and studying music theory and composition under John Esputa and George Felix Benkert. His father enlisted him in the United States Marine Band as an apprentice in 1868. He left the band in 1875 and learned to conduct. From 1880 until his death, he focused exclusively on conducting and writing music. He eventually rejoined the Marine Band and served there for 12 years as director, after which he organized his own band. Sousa aided in the development of the sousaphone, a large brass instrument similar to the helicon and tuba.\nUpon the outbreak of World War I, Sousa was awarded a wartime commission of lieutenant commander to lead the Naval Reserve Band in Illinois. He then returned to conduct the Sousa Band until his death in 1932. (In the 1920s, he was promoted to the permanent rank of lieutenant commander in the naval reserve, but he never saw active service again.)\n\n", "Q4185": "Lingen is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. In 2008, its population was 52,353, and in addition there were about 5,000 people who registered the city as their secondary residence. Lingen, specifically \"Lingen (Ems)\" is located on the river Ems in the southern part of the Emsland district, which borders North Rhine-Westphalia in the south and the Netherlands in the west. Lingen was first mentioned in the Middle Ages (975 AD).\nLingen is known for its offshore- and nuclear industry (Emsland Nuclear Power Plant), but also for its beautiful nature alongside the river Ems. The University of Applied Sciences Osnabrueck has set up a branch campus, located in the centre of Lingen, with the three Institutes for Management and Engineering, Communications Management and Teaching of Theatre. In 2000 the institutes in Lingen merged into the Faculty of Society and Technology. In 2010 there are expected to be about 2000 students attending.\nOn 25 July 2019, Lingen set the record for the hottest temperature ever recorded within Germany with a daytime high temperature of 42.6 degrees Celsius (109 degrees Fahrenheit) during a heat wave affecting much of Europe.", "Q113524": "Konrad Naumann (born Leipzig 25 November 1928: died Guayaquil 25 July 1992) was an East German politician. He built his career; initially, in regional politics, but between 1966 and 1986 he was important nationally as a member of the Central Committee of the country's ruling SED (party).He was also appointed in May 1976 a member of the party's Politburo. Most Politburo members remained in post till they died. Naumann was unusual in finding himself relieved of his Politburo (and other party) duties while still alive, following a speech in October 1985 which was felt to be insufficiently supportive of the party line.", "Q537665": "Leopoldo M\u00e1ximo Falicov (June 24, 1933 \u2013 January 24, 1995) was an Argentine theoretical physicist, specializing in the theory of condensed matter physics.", "Q362371": "Albert Austin \"Sonny\" Burgess (May 28, 1929 \u2013 August 18, 2017) was an American rockabilly guitarist and singer.", "Q313588": "Robert Oliver Reed (13 February 1938 \u2013 2 May 1999) was an English actor known for his upper-middle class, macho image and \"hellraiser\" lifestyle. Notable films include The Trap (1966), playing Bill Sikes in the Best Picture Oscar winner Oliver! (1968), Women in Love (1969), Hannibal Brooks (1969), The Devils (1971), portraying Athos in The Three Musketeers (1973), Tommy (1975), Lion of the Desert (1981), Castaway (1986), The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988), Funny Bones (1995) and Gladiator (2000).\nFor playing Antonius Proximo, the old, gruff gladiator trainer in Ridley Scott's Gladiator (2000) in what was his final film, Reed was posthumously nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. At the peak of his career, in 1971, British exhibitors voted Reed 5th most popular star at the box office. An alcoholic, Reed's issues with drink were well publicised, from appearances on chat shows to a high-profile friendship with drinking partner, the Who drummer Keith Moon, with the two meeting while working on Tommy.", "Q105346": "Max Allwein (December 18, 1904 \u2013 November 20, 1977) was a German politician and jurist. He was a representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nHe was born in Munich and died in Bad T\u00f6lz.", "Q2361139": "Robbins is a village and a south suburb of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 5,337 at the 2010 census, down from 6,635 in 2000. Tyrone Ward is the current mayor. Robbins is one of the oldest incorporated African American communities in the United States and the oldest black suburb in the Chicagoland area.", "Q197624": "Zheng Junli (December 6, 1911 \u2013 April 23, 1969) was a Chinese actor and director born in Shanghai and who rose to prominence in the golden age of Chinese Cinema. His films The Spring River Flows East and Crows and Sparrows are widely considered classics of Chinese cinema. He was severely persecuted during the Cultural Revolution and died in prison.", "Q2478141": "The aristocracy is a social class that a particular society considers its highest order. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class of people (aristocrats) with hereditary rank and titles. In some, such as ancient Greece, Rome, and India\u2014aristocratic status came from belonging to a military caste, although it has also been common, notably in African societies, for aristocrats to belong to priestly dynasties. Aristocratic status can involve feudal or legal privileges. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy. In modern European societies, the aristocracy has often coincided with the nobility, a specific class that arose in the Middle Ages, but the term \"aristocracy\" is sometimes also applied to other elites, and is used as a more generic term when describing earlier and non-European societies.\n\n", "Q635974": "Edward Michael Trucco (born June 22, 1970) is an American actor known for his role as Samuel T. Anders on the reimagined Battlestar Galactica and his recurring role as Nick Podarutti in How I Met Your Mother. He also appeared on the 2017\u20132018 Netflix series Disjointed, as Tae Kwon Douglas.", "Q259495": "Mary Miles Minter (born Juliet Reilly, April 25, 1902\u2013 August 4, 1984) was an American actress. She appeared in 53 silent era films from 1912 to 1923.\nIn 1922, Minter was involved in a scandal surrounding the murder of director William Desmond Taylor, for whom she professed her love. Although gossip implicated her mother, former actress Charlotte Shelby, as the murderer, Minter's reputation was tarnished, and she gave up her movie career in 1923.", "Q66633": "Kilchberg is a municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. Kilchberg is the site of a regional cemetery.", "Q7855290": "The Turkish Military Academy (Turkish: Kara Harp Okulu) is a four-year co-educational military academy located in the center of Ankara, Turkey. Its mission is to develop cadets mentally and physically for service as commissioned officers in the Turkish Army.", "Q215853": "Christoph Friedrich Nicolai (18 March 1733 \u2013 11 January 1811) was a German writer and bookseller.", "Q961900": "Jakub W\u0142adys\u0142aw Wojew\u00f3dzki known as Kuba Wojew\u00f3dzki (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8kuba v\u0254j\u025b\u02c8vut\u0361sk\u02b2i]; born 2 August 1963 in Koszalin, Poland) is a Polish journalist, TV personality, drummer, and comedian.\n\n", "Q4775035": "Antioch University is a private university with multiple campuses in the United States and online programs. Founded in 1852 as Antioch College, its first president was politician, abolitionist, and education reformer Horace Mann. It changed its name to Antioch University in 1977 to reflect its growth across the country into numerous graduate education programs. It now operates five campuses located in four states, as well as an online division and the Graduate School of Leadership and Change. All campuses of the university are regionally accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. Campuses are located in Los Angeles, California; Santa Barbara, California; Keene, New Hampshire; Yellow Springs, Ohio; and Seattle, Washington. Additionally, Antioch University houses two institution-wide programs, the Graduate School of Leadership and Change and Antioch University Online. Antioch University suspended operations of Antioch College in 2008, and later sold the campus and a license to use the name \"Antioch College\" to a new and independent non-profit corporation in 2009. Since then, it has had no affiliation with the university.", "Q214595": "August Gottlieb Richter (13 April 1742 \u2013 23 July 1812) was a German surgeon, born in Z\u00f6rbig, Saxony. \n\n", "Q360566": "Alisher Saipov (Uzbek: Alisher Soipov, \u0410\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0440 \u0421\u043e\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432; 4 September 1981 \u2013 24 October 2007) was a Kyrgyzstani journalist of Uzbek ethnic origin and editor-in-chief of the newspaper Siyosat of the country's ethnic Uzbek minority, which reported on human rights abuses in neighboring Uzbekistan. Saipov often wrote articles critical of Uzbek President Islam Karimov and his government. He wrote extensively about torture in Uzbek prisons, the clampdown on dissent, and the rise of Islamic radicalism. He also worked as a correspondent for RFE/RL and Voice of America. He was shot dead at close range outside his downtown office in Osh in October 2007.", "Q107551": "Walter Kolbenhoff, born as Walter Hoffman (20 May 1908 - 29 January 1993), was a German novelist.", "Q118471": "Hansj\u00f6rg Walter (born 5 February 1951 in Frauenfeld) is a Swiss politician of the Swiss People's Party. He was a member of the Swiss National Council for the canton of Thurgau (1999\u20132017) and president of the Swiss Farmers' Union (2000\u20132012). Walter served as the President of the National Council (2011\u20132012).", "Q1230632": "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy is a 1979 seven-part drama spy miniseries made by BBC TV. John Irvin directed and Jonathan Powell produced this adaptation of John le Carr\u00e9's novel Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1974). The miniseries, which stars Alec Guinness, Alexander Knox, Ian Richardson, Michael Jayston, Anthony Bate, Ian Bannen, George Sewell and Michael Aldridge, was shown in the United Kingdom from 10 September to 22 October 1979 and in the United States beginning on 29 September 1980.\nIn the United States, syndicated broadcasts and DVD releases compress the seven UK episodes into six, by shortening scenes and altering the narrative sequence.", "Q151717": "The Adversary (French: L'Adversaire) is a 2002 French drama film directed by Nicole Garcia, starring Daniel Auteuil and G\u00e9raldine Pailhas.", "Q106897": "Karl August Baumeister (24 April 1830, in Hamburg \u2013 22 May 1922, in Munich) was a German educator and classical philologist.", "Q232234": "Two Rode Together is a 1961 American Eastman Color Western film directed by John Ford and starring James Stewart, Richard Widmark and Shirley Jones. The supporting cast includes Linda Cristal, Andy Devine and John McIntire. The film was based upon the 1959 novel Comanche Captives by Will Cook.", "Q129874": "Wrong is a 2012 French-American independent surreal comedy film written and directed by Quentin Dupieux. The film stars Jack Plotnick and premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. It was part of the Toronto International Film Festival's Official Selection. The producers of the film are Charles-Marie Anthonioz, Gregory Bernard,\nNicolas Lhermitte, Josef Lieck and Kevos Van Der Meiren.", "Q39450": "Anchorage (officially called the Municipality of Anchorage; Dena'ina: Dgheyay Kaq') is a unified home rule municipality in the U.S. state of Alaska, on the West Coast of the United States. With an estimated 291,538 residents in 2018, it is Alaska's most populous city and contains 39.37% of the state's population; among the 50 states, only New York has a higher percentage of residents who live in its most populous city. The Anchorage metropolitan area, which includes Anchorage and the neighboring Matanuska-Susitna Borough, had a population of 396,317 in 2019, accounting for more than half the state's population. At 1,706 square miles (4,420 km2) of land area, the city is the fourth-largest by area in the United States and larger than the smallest state, Rhode Island, which has 1,212 square miles (3,140 km2).Anchorage is in Southcentral Alaska, at the terminus of the Cook Inlet, on a peninsula formed by the Knik Arm to the north and the Turnagain Arm to the south. The city limits span 1,961.1 square miles (5,079.2 km2), encompassing the urban core, a joint military base, several outlying communities and almost all of Chugach State Park.Due to its location, almost equidistant from New York City and Tokyo, Anchorage lies within \u200b9 1\u20442 hours by air of nearly 90% of the industrialized world. For this reason, Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport is a common refueling stop for international cargo flights and home to a major FedEx hub, which the company calls a \"critical part\" of its global network of services.Anchorage has won the All-America City Award four times: in 1956, 1965, 1984\u201385, and 2002, from the National Civic League. Kiplinger has named it the United States' most tax-friendly city.", "Q729390": "Michael Rother (born 2 September 1950 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German experimental musician, best known for being a founding member of the influential bands Neu! and Harmonia, and an early member of the band Kraftwerk.", "Q654421": "Debbie Turner (born September 5, 1956) is an American actress and former child star who played the role of Marta von Trapp in the film The Sound of Music.", "Q60525": "Veit Harlan (22 September 1899 \u2013 13 April 1964) was a German film director and actor. Harlan reached the highpoint of his career as a director under the Nazi era, especially his antisemitic film Jud S\u00fc\u00df (1940) makes him controversial. While viewed critically for his ideologies, a number of critics consider him a capable director, on the grounds of such work as his Opfergang (1944).", "Q363708": "Edwin Jack Fisher (August 10, 1928 \u2013 September 22, 2010) was an American singer and actor. He was one of the most popular artists during the first half of the 1950s, selling millions of records and hosting his own TV show. Fisher divorced his first wife, actress Debbie Reynolds, to marry Reynolds' best friend, actress Elizabeth Taylor, after Taylor's husband, film producer Mike Todd, was killed in a plane crash. The scandalous affair was widely reported, bringing unfavorable publicity to Fisher. He later married Connie Stevens. Fisher fathered Carrie Fisher and Todd Fisher with Reynolds, and Joely Fisher and Tricia Leigh Fisher with Stevens.", "Q221249": "Tootsie is a 1982 American comedy film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Dustin Hoffman. Its supporting cast includes Jessica Lange, Teri Garr, Dabney Coleman, Bill Murray, Charles Durning, George Gaynes, Geena Davis, Doris Belack and Pollack. The film tells the story of a talented but volatile actor whose reputation for being difficult forces him to adopt a new identity as a woman in order to land a job. The film was adapted by Larry Gelbart, Barry Levinson (uncredited), Elaine May (uncredited) and Murray Schisgal from a story by Gelbart and Don McGuire.\nThe film was a major critical and financial success, the second most profitable film of 1982, and was nominated for ten Academy Awards including Best Picture. Lange was the only winner, for Best Supporting Actress.\nIn 1998 the Library of Congress deemed the film \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.\nThe theme song, \"It Might Be You\", was performed by Stephen Bishop, with music by Dave Grusin and a lyric by Alan and Marilyn Bergman. It was a Top 40 hit in the United States and hit No. 1 on the adult contemporary chart.", "Q57389": "Bruno Alfred D\u00f6blin (10 August 1878 \u2013 26 June 1957) was a German novelist, essayist, and doctor, best known for his novel Berlin Alexanderplatz (1929). A prolific writer whose \u0153uvre spans more than half a century and a wide variety of literary movements and styles, D\u00f6blin is one of the most important figures of German literary modernism. His complete works comprise over a dozen novels ranging in genre from historical novels to science fiction to novels about the modern metropolis; several dramas, radio plays, and screenplays; a true crime story; a travel account; two book-length philosophical treatises; scores of essays on politics, religion, art, and society; and numerous letters\u2014his complete works, republished by Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag and Fischer Verlag, span more than thirty volumes. His first published novel, Die drei Spr\u00fcnge des Wang-lung (The Three Leaps of Wang Lun), appeared in 1915 and his final novel, Hamlet oder Die lange Nacht nimmt ein Ende (Tales of a Long Night) was published in 1956, one year before his death.\nBorn in Stettin, Germany (now Szczecin, Poland), to assimilated Jews, D\u00f6blin moved with his mother and siblings to Berlin when he was ten years old after his father had abandoned them. D\u00f6blin would live in Berlin for the almost all of the next forty-five years, engaging with such key figures of the prewar and Weimar-era German cultural scene as Herwarth Walden and the circle of Expressionists, Bertolt Brecht, and Thomas Mann. Only a few years after his rise to literary celebrity with the 1929 publication of Berlin Alexanderplatz, D\u00f6blin was forced into exile by the rise of the Nazi dictatorship. He spent 1933\u20131940 in France and then was forced to flee again at the start of the Second World War. Like many other German \u00e9migr\u00e9s he spent the war years in Los Angeles, where he converted to Catholicism. He moved to West Germany after the war but did not feel at home in postwar Germany's conservative cultural climate and returned to France. His final years were marked by poor health and financial difficulties, and his literary work was met with relative neglect.\nDespite the canonic status of Berlin Alexanderplatz, D\u00f6blin is often characterized as an under-recognized or even as a forgotten author; while his work has received increasing critical attention (mostly in German) over the last few decades, he is much less well known by the reading public than other German novelists such as Thomas Mann, G\u00fcnter Grass or Franz Kafka.\n\n", "Q3002054": "Craig Roberts Stapleton (born 1945) is an American diplomat and businessman. He served as Ambassador to France and the Czech Republic during the administrations of President George W. Bush.", "Q76347": "Karl Borrom\u00e4us Maria Heinrich Graf von Spreti (21 May 1907 \u2013 5 April 1970) was a German diplomat. He is best known as the West German Ambassador to Guatemala from 1968 until his assassination in 1970. The story of his assassination by Guatemalan guerillas was depicted in a 1970 book, Why Karl von Spreti Died, by Ryszard Kapu\u015bci\u0144ski.\nSpreti was born in the Kapfing Castle near Landshut to an aristocratic family (his direct ancestor was Leo von Klenze). Like his forefather, Karl von Spreti studied architecture. He also joined the Bavarian People's Party. After his service in the Second World War German Army and a short period in Allied captivity, he settled in Lindau, where he continued his career as an architect and as a local politician for the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nIn 1956, Spreti became West Germany's first ambassador to Luxembourg since the Second World War, and held that post until 1960, when he became the ambassador to Cuba (until 1963), then to Jordan (1963\u20131965) and to the Dominican Republic (between 1966 and 1968). Finally he was dispatched to Guatemala during the turbulent times of the Guatemalan Civil War. On 31 March 1970 he was kidnapped by Marxist\u2013Leninist FAR guerillas in Guatemala City and was murdered six days later. West Germany immediately severed diplomatic ties with Guatemala. Three days after Spreti's murder, an anti-communist death squad named Mano Blanca retaliated by assassinating the Communist politician C\u00e9sar Montenegro Paniagua.", "Q56097": "Naomi J. Halas is the Stanley C. Moore professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering, professor of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Physics & Astronomy, and director of Laboratory for Nanophotonics at Rice University. She has been elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2009), National Academy of Sciences (2013) and National Academy of Engineering (2014).\nShe is a Fellow of five professional societies: the Optical Society of America, the American Physical Society, the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Her current work focuses on nanoshells which her nanophotonics group is developing at Rice University. In 1987, she was part of a team that developed a \"dark pulse\" soliton while working for IBM.\n\n", "Q79074": "Johannes Voggenhuber (born 5 June 1950) is an Austrian politician and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Austrian Green Party, which is part of the European Greens. He was vice president of the Parliament's Constitutional Affairs Committee.\nFrom 1982 to 1987, he was member of the city council in Salzburg. From 1988 to 1992, he was federal spokesman for the Austrian Greens, and between 1990 and 1996, Member of the National Council of Austria (Nationalrat). From 1995 to 2009 he was Member of the European Parliament.He is married and has two children.", "Q210094": "John Ortiz (born May 23, 1968) is an American actor and artistic director/co-founder of the LAByrinth Theater Company. He is known for his antagonist role as Arturo Braga in Fast & Furious (2009) and Fast & Furious 6 (2013), and Clyde in Jack Goes Boating (2010), which earned him a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Actor.\nOrtiz's other film performances include Guajiro in Carlito's Way (1993), Sheriff Eddie Morales in Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007), Javier J. Rivera in American Gangster (2007), Ronnie in Silver Linings Playbook (2012), and Victor Nieves in Kong: Skull Island (2017).", "Q603579": "Circa Survive is an American rock band from Philadelphia formed in 2004. The band, led by Anthony Green, consists of former members from Saosin, This Day Forward, and Taken.\nCirca Survive quickly made a name for themselves in the indie music scene in little over two years with their 2005 debut album, Juturna, and second album, On Letting Go, released in 2007. Both albums were released on Equal Vision Records. Their third album, Blue Sky Noise, was released via Atlantic Records in 2010. After parting ways with Atlantic Records, the band's fourth album, Violent Waves, was released independently in 2012. Their fifth album, Descensus, was released by Sumerian Records in 2014, and their sixth, The Amulet, with Hopeless Records in October 2017.", "Q18702023": "Codes of Conduct was a proposed American television drama miniseries for HBO created and written by Steve McQueen and Matthew Michael Carnahan. The series was to have starred Devon Terrell, Paul Dano, Helena Bonham Carter, and Rebecca Hall. The pilot was directed by McQueen. On March 20, 2015, HBO picked up Codes of Conduct as a six-episode limited series. It was reported on February 24, 2016, that HBO had scrapped the project.", "Q71428": "William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg (Dutch: Willem Lodewijk; West Frisian: Willem Loadewyk; 13 March 1560, Dillenburg, Hesse \u2013 13 July 1620, Leeuwarden, Netherlands) was Count of Nassau-Dillenburg from 1606 to 1620, and stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe.", "Q980533": "J\u00e1n Samuel Francisci-Rimavsk\u00fd, (1 June 1822 \u2013 7 March 1905) was a Slovak poet, novelist, translator, journalist and politician, who collaborated with the nationalist leader, \u013dudov\u00edt \u0160t\u00far. He used numerous pseudonyms, including Janko Francisci, Janko Rimavsk\u00fd, Slavo\u013eub and Vratislav Rimavsk\u00fd.", "Q2057432": "Thomas Hancock (8 May 1786 \u2013 26 March 1865), elder brother of inventor Walter Hancock, was an English self-taught manufacturing engineer who founded the British rubber industry. He invented the masticator, a machine that shredded rubber scraps and which allowed rubber to be recycled after being formed into blocks or sheets. A blue plaque commemoration is placed on No. 4 High Street in Marlborough, Wiltshire in his honour (also one for his brother).", "Q54858": "Savannah Outen is an American singer who gained popularity on YouTube. Outen began posting videos of herself singing on YouTube in March 2007 along with Angelika Vee and Esmee Denters. In 2010 she collaborated with Boyce Avenue on their sixth acoustic album, New Acoustic Sessions. She appeared in the 85th Annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade on November 24, 2011.\n\n", "Q447397": "Ben Chaplin (born Benedict John Greenwood; 31 July 1969) is an English actor, director and writer.", "Q97813": "Gregor Dorfmeister (March 7, 1929 \u2013 February 4, 2018) was a German journalist and writer. Under the pseudonym Manfred Gregor, Dorfmeister published three novels.\nHis debut novel, Die Br\u00fccke (\"The Bridge\"), was turned into a Golden Globe Award-winning film of the same name. The second, Das Urteil (The Verdict), is best known in the United States where it was made into the movie Town Without Pity starring Kirk Douglas. The movie included an Academy Award-nominated song of the same name with music by Dimitri Tiomkin, lyrics by Ned Washington and performed by Gene Pitney.", "Q101647": "Max Oehler (German: [\u02c8\u00f8\u02d0l\u0250]; December 29, 1875 \u2013 March 1946) was a German army officer and archivist for the \"Nietzsche-Archiv.\" Oehler pursued his career in the German Empire's military until the end of World War I and the German November Revolution. Under the Weimar Republic, which he opposed, he served as an archivist in his cousin Elisabeth F\u00f6rster-Nietzsche's \"Nietzsche-Archiv\" in Weimar. After F\u00f6rster-Nietzsche's death in 1935, he succeeded her as de facto leader of the Archiv. A devoted Nazi since the early 1930s, Oehler tried to popularize his National Socialist view of Nietzsche. After the German defeat in World War II, Oehler was imprisoned by Soviet occupation forces and died c. March 1946 in an improvised prison in Weimar.", "Q1041700": "James Crespo Jr. (born July 5, 1954) is an American guitarist. He was the lead guitarist for Aerosmith from 1979 until 1984. He co-wrote \"Rock in a Hard Place\" with Steven Tyler, and has performed or recorded with Rod Stewart, Billy Squier, Meat Loaf, Stevie Nicks, Robert Fleischman, Rough Cutt, Renegade, Flame and others.", "Q460728": "Matt Bissonette (born July 25, 1961) is an American bass player. According to Guitar 9, an online musicianship magazine, he has played bass and other stringed instruments on at least 22 albums, with music styles ranging from jazz, jazz fusion, progressive metal and instrumental rock. Bissonette has played bass with performers such as David Lee Roth (1987\u201392), Jeff Lynne and ELO (2001), Ringo Starr (2003\u201305), and currently, Elton John (2012\u2013present). He is the brother of drummer Gregg Bissonette.", "Q158732": "Stuttgart Airport (German: Flughafen Stuttgart, formerly Flughafen Stuttgart-Echterdingen) (IATA: STR, ICAO: EDDS) is the international airport of Stuttgart, the capital of the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. It is christened in honor of Stuttgart's former mayor, Manfred Rommel, and is the sixth busiest airport in Germany with 11,832,634 passengers having passed through its doors in 2018. The airport is an important hub for Eurowings and features flights to several European cities and leisure destinations, as well as a long-haul service to Atlanta.\nThe airport is located approximately 13 km (8.1 mi) (10 km (6.2 mi) in a straight line) south of Stuttgart and lies on the boundary between the nearby town of Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Filderstadt and Stuttgart itself. In 2007, the Stuttgart Trade Fair \u2013 the ninth biggest exhibition centre in Germany \u2013 moved to grounds directly next to the airport. Additionally, the global headquarters for car parking company APCOA Parking are located here.", "Q111454": "Robert Gerwig (1820\u20131885) was a German civil engineer.\nGerwig was born on 2 May 1820 in Karlsruhe, in the Grand Duchy of Baden, and attended the Gro\u00dfherzogliches Polytechnikum (now known as Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) where he studied civil engineering, primarily road construction. \nIn the 1860s, Gerwigs attention and professional skills turned toward rail transport. He was one of the principal designers of the Black Forest Railway, which avoided steep grades through the use of numerous loops and curved tunnels. He applied the principle again for the Gotthard Railway at the double loop of Wassen. His last rail project was the H\u00f6llental Railway, also in Germany's Black Forest region.\nLater in life, Gerwig turned to politics. He was active in the government of Baden. He also served as the first director (1850-) of the Clockmakers School (Uhrmacherschule) in Furtwangen. In 1852 he began collecting clocks; his collection formed the basis for 'Study Collection\" of the school and eventually became the German Clock Museum (Deutsches Uhrenmuseum). Gerwig died on 6 December 1885.", "Q234122": "Marilyn vos Savant (; born 1946) is an American magazine columnist, author, lecturer, and playwright. She was listed as having the highest recorded intelligence quotient (IQ) in the Guinness Book of Records, a competitive category the publication has since retired. Since 1986, she has written \"Ask Marilyn\", a Parade magazine Sunday column where she solves puzzles and answers questions on various subjects. Among them was a discussion of the Monty Hall problem, to which she postulated an answer in 1990.", "Q1700513": "John Hoyt (born John McArthur Hoysradt; October 5, 1905 \u2013 September 15, 1991) was an American actor. He began his acting career on Broadway, later appearing in numerous films and television series.\nHe is perhaps best known for his film roles in The Lawless (1950), When Worlds Collide (1951), Julius Caesar (1953), Blackboard Jungle (1955), Spartacus (1960), Cleopatra (1963) and Flesh Gordon (1974).", "Q264715": "Jacobus Theodorus Wilhelmus \"Co\" Prins (5 June 1938 \u2013 26 September 1987) was a Dutch former association football player. He played 184 matches for football club Ajax Amsterdam from 1959 to 1966 where he scored 60 goals. He played for the German football team 1. FC Kaiserslautern in the mid-sixties, being then one of the few foreign football professionals in Germany.\nPrins earned his first international cap on 30 November 1960, in the Netherlands' 4\u20130 friendly match defeat to Czechoslovakia in Prague and won his tenth and last cap in a 0\u20130 World Cup qualifier draw with Switzerland on 17 November 1965 in Amsterdam.As an actor, Prins played Dutch football player and Allied POW Pieter Van Beck in the film Escape to Victory in 1981.\nHe died of a heart attack while playing in a match in 1987.", "Q32505": "Sir Henry Irving (6 February 1838 \u2013 13 October 1905), born John Henry Brodribb, sometimes known as J. H. Irving, was an English stage actor in the Victorian era, known as an actor-manager because he took complete responsibility (supervision of sets, lighting, direction, casting, as well as playing the leading roles) for season after season at the West End\u2019s Lyceum Theatre, establishing himself and his company as representative of English classical theatre. In 1895 he became the first actor to be awarded a knighthood, indicating full acceptance into the higher circles of British society.\nIrving is widely acknowledged to be one of the inspirations for Count Dracula, the title character of the 1897 novel Dracula whose author, Bram Stoker, was business manager of the theatre.", "Q331728": "Daniel Lawrence Whitney (born February 17, 1963), known professionally by his stage name Larry the Cable Guy, is an American stand-up comedian, actor, producer, singer and radio personality, with a career spanning over 30 years.He was one of the members of the Blue Collar Comedy Tour, a comedy troupe which included Bill Engvall, Ron White, and Jeff Foxworthy (with whom he has starred on Blue Collar TV).\n\nLarry the Cable Guy has released seven comedy albums, of which three have been certified gold by the RIAA for shipments of 500,000 copies and in addition has starred in three Blue Collar Comedy Tour\u2013related films, as well as in Larry the Cable Guy: Health Inspector, Delta Farce, and Witless Protection, as well as voicing Mater in the Cars franchise. Whitney's catchphrase \"Git-R-Done!\" is also the title of his book.\nOn January 26, 2010, the TV channel History announced that it was ordering a series starring Whitney called Only in America with Larry the Cable Guy, in which he would explore the country and immerse himself in different lifestyles, jobs, and hobbies. The first episode of the series aired on February 8, 2011. The series finale aired August 28, 2013.", "Q370012": "Grand Production (Serbian: \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430) is a Serbian record label and production company predominantly focused on folk performers. The label produces the weekly television show Grand Parada, launched their own cable television channel, and organize a competitive festival of pop-folk and turbo-folk music, Grand Festival.", "Q117025": "Philippe Jordan (born 18 October 1974) is a Swiss conductor. He is currently music director of the Op\u00e9ra national de Paris and chief conductor of the Vienna Symphony.\nBorn in Z\u00fcrich, the son of conductor Armin Jordan, he began to study piano at the age of six. At age eight, he joined the Z\u00fcrcher S\u00e4ngerknaben. He has acknowledged that he wished to become a conductor, like his father, at age 9. His violin studies began at age 11. At 16, he entered the Z\u00fcrich Conservatory where he obtained his diploma in piano instruction, with honors. He studied theory and composition with the Swiss composer Hans Ulrich Lehmann and continued his piano studies with Karl Engel. At the same time, he worked as an assistant to Jeffrey Tate on Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen at the Ch\u00e2telet in Paris.\nIn the 1994/1995 season, Jordan was appointed First Kapellmeister and assistant to James Allen G\u00e4hres at the Theater Ulm. The following year, he made his debut at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Royal de la Monnaie in Brussels. He has since conducted at the Grand Th\u00e9\u00e2tre in Geneva, the Vienna Staatsoper, the Ch\u00e2telet in Paris, the Semperoper in Dresden and the Aix-en-Provence International Festival.\nFrom September 1998 to June 2001, Jordan was Kapellmeister and assistant to Daniel Barenboim at the Berlin State Opera (Staatsoper Unter den Linden). He now holds the title of Principal Guest Conductor at the Staatsoper unter den Linden. Jordan held the position of Chief Conductor of the Graz Opera and Graz Philharmonic Orchestra from September 2001 to June 2004.\nIn the 2001-2002 season, Jordan made his US operatic debut conducting Samson et Dalila at the Houston Grand Opera and his UK operatic debut conducting Carmen at the Glyndebourne Festival Opera. In the 2002-2003 season, he made his debuts at the Metropolitan Opera and the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. He made his first conducting appearance at the Bayerische Staatsoper in Munich in April 2004, and at the Bastille Opera in Paris in October 2004. His first appearances at the Salzburg Festival took place in the summer of 2004\nIn October 2007, Jordan was named the Music Director of the Op\u00e9ra National de Paris, starting with the 2009-2010 season. In October 2011, Jordan's contract with the Op\u00e9ra National de Paris was extended through July 2018. In April 2015, the Op\u00e9ra National de Paris further extended Jordan's contract through 2021.In October 2011, Jordan was named chief conductor of the Wiener Symphoniker (Vienna Symphony Orchestra), effective with the 2014-2015 season, with an initial contract of 5 years. In December 2016, the orchestra announced the extension of Jordan's contract as chief conductor through the 2020-2021 season. He is scheduled to conclude his Vienna Symphony tenure at the close of the 2020-2021 season. In July 2017, the Vienna State Opera announced the appointment of Jordan as its next music director, effective with the 2020-2021 season.In addition to conducting, Jordan also performs as a pianist in recital and chamber music, such as at the Schubertiade Schwarzenberg. His commercial recordings include Beethoven symphonies with the Vienna Symphony.", "Q64743": "Ladir is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Ladir, Castrisch, Ilanz, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.\n\n", "Q639197": "An instrumental is a musical composition or recording without lyrics, or singing, although it might include some inarticulate vocals, such as shouted backup vocals in a Big Band setting. Through semantic widening, a broader sense of the word song may refer to instrumentals. The music is primarily or exclusively produced using musical instruments. An instrumental can exist in music notation, after it is written by a composer; in the mind of the composer (especially in cases where the composer himself will perform the piece, as in the case of a blues solo guitarist or a folk music fiddle player); as a piece that is performed live by a single instrumentalist or a musical ensemble, which could range in components from a duo or trio to a large Big Band, concert band or orchestra.\nIn a song that is otherwise sung, a section that is not sung but which is played by instruments can be called an instrumental interlude, or, if it occurs at the beginning of the song, before the singer starts to sing, an instrumental introduction. If the instrumental section highlights the skill, musicality, and often the virtuosity of a particular performer (or group of performers), the section may be called a \"solo\" (e.g., the guitar solo that is a key section of heavy metal music and hard rock songs). If the instruments are percussion instruments, the interlude can be called a percussion interlude or \"percussion break\". These interludes are a form of break in the song.", "Q780102": "Percy Wyndham Lewis (18 November 1882 \u2013 7 March 1957) was an English writer, painter, and critic (he dropped the name \"Percy\", which he disliked). He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement in art and edited the literary magazine of the Vorticists, BLAST. His novels include his pre-World War I-era novel Tarr (set in Paris), and The Human Age, a trilogy comprising The Childermass (1928), Monstre Gai and Malign Fiesta (both 1955), set in the afterworld. A fourth volume of The Human Age, The Trial of Man, was begun by Lewis but left in a fragmentary state at the time of his death. He also wrote two autobiographical volumes, Blasting and Bombardiering (1937) and Rude Assignment: A Narrative of my Career Up-to-Date (1950).", "Q370774": "Thorkild Hansen (9 January 1927 \u2013 4 February 1989) was a Danish novelist most noted for his historical fiction.\nHe is commonly associated with his trilogy about the Danish slave trade including Slavernes \u00f8er (1970) for which he received the Nordic Council Literature Prize in 1971.", "Q427305": "Hironori Takeuchi (born December 22, 1964 in Kanagawa) is a Japanese auto racing driver.", "Q74236": "Karl Hermann Friedrich Geiler (10 August 1878 \u2013 14 September 1953) was a German lawyer and politician. He was born in Sch\u00f6nau (Baden) and died in Heidelberg.\nGeiler, a university professor of economic law in Heidelberg and without affiliation to a political party at the time (during the Weimar Republic, he was a member of the German Democratic Party), was installed prime minister of the newly created territory Greater Hesse by the US military administration. He replaced the social democrate Ludwig Bergstr\u00e4sser, who served as acting minister-president for only one month, and would remain in office until a successor could be democratically elected. His term, from 12 October 1945 to 20 December 1946, saw the first local elections after World War II in January 1946, the vote on the constitution of Hesse and the first election of the Landtag of Hesse in December 1946.\nGeiler was fiercely opposed to denazification.", "Q598939": "John Arthur Doucette (January 21, 1921 \u2013 August 16, 1994) was an American character actor who performed in more than 280 film and television productions between 1941 and 1987. A man of stocky build who possessed a deep, rich voice, he proved equally adept at portraying characters in Shakespearean plays as well as in Westerns and in modern crime dramas. He is perhaps best remembered, however, for his villainous roles as a movie and television \"tough guy\".\n\n", "Q478601": "Anthony Howard Wilson (20 February 1950 \u2013 10 August 2007) was a British record label owner, radio and television presenter, nightclub manager, impresario and a journalist for Granada Television and the BBC.\nWilson was behind some of Manchester's most successful bands. He was one of the five co-founders of Factory Records and the founder and manager of the Ha\u00e7ienda nightclub. Wilson was known as \"Mr Manchester\", dubbed as such for his work in promoting the culture of Manchester throughout his career.\nHe was portrayed by Steve Coogan in Michael Winterbottom's film 24 Hour Party People (2002), and by Craig Parkinson in Anton Corbijn's film Control (2007).\nDepending in what he was working on, he would switch between alternate versions of his name. For example, when he was being a serious formal and respectable persona, such as certain TV presenting appearances, he would use \"Anthony H Wilson\", or for example when reporting for Granada Reports he was referred to as \"Anthony Wilson\", otherwise he would go by \"Tony Wilson\" most commonly while on Factory Records business, all alternate versions being legitimate variants of his full name.", "Q157367": "Brandenburg-Prussia (German: Brandenburg-Preu\u00dfen; Low German: Brannenborg-Preu\u00dfen) is the historiographic denomination for the Early Modern realm of the Brandenburgian Hohenzollerns between 1618 and 1701. Based in the Electorate of Brandenburg, the main branch of the Hohenzollern intermarried with the branch ruling the Duchy of Prussia, and secured succession upon the latter's extinction in the male line in 1618. Another consequence of the intermarriage was the incorporation of the lower Rhenish principalities of Cleves, Mark and Ravensberg after the Treaty of Xanten in 1614.\nThe Thirty Years' War (1618\u201348) was especially devastating. The Elector changed sides three times, and as a result Protestant and Catholic armies swept the land back and forth, killing, burning, seizing men and taking the food supplies. Upwards of half the population was killed or dislocated. Berlin and the other major cities were in ruins, and recovery took decades. By the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648, Brandenburg gained Minden and Halberstadt, also the succession in Farther Pomerania (incorporated in 1653) and the Duchy of Magdeburg (incorporated in 1680). With the Treaty of Bromberg (1657), concluded during the Second Northern War, the electors were freed of Polish vassalage for the Duchy of Prussia and gained Lauenburg\u2013B\u00fctow and Draheim. The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679) expanded Brandenburgian Pomerania to the lower Oder.\nThe second half of the 17th century laid the basis for Prussia to become one of the great players in European politics. The emerging Brandenburg-Prussian military potential, based on the introduction of a standing army in 1653, was symbolized by the widely noted victories in Warsaw (1656) and Fehrbellin (1675) and by the Great Sleigh Drive (1678). Brandenburg-Prussia also established a navy and German colonies in the Brandenburger Gold Coast and Arguin. Frederick William, known as \"The Great Elector\", opened Brandenburg-Prussia to large-scale immigration (\"Peuplierung\") of mostly Protestant refugees from all across Europe (\"Exulanten\"), most notably Huguenot immigration following the Edict of Potsdam. Frederick William also started to centralize Brandenburg-Prussia's administration and reduce the influence of the estates.\nIn 1701, Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg, succeeded in elevating his status to King in Prussia. This was made possible by the Duchy of Prussia's sovereign status outside the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, and approval by the Habsburg emperor and other European royals in the course of forming alliances for the War of the Spanish succession and the Great Northern War. From 1701 onward, the Hohenzollern domains were referred to as the Kingdom of Prussia, or simply Prussia. Legally, the personal union between Brandenburg and Prussia continued until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. However, by this time the emperor's overlordship over the empire had become a legal fiction. Hence, after 1701, Brandenburg was de facto treated as part of the Prussian kingdom. Frederick and his successors continued to centralize and expand the state, transforming the personal union of politically diverse principalities typical for the Brandenburg-Prussian era into a system of provinces subordinate to Berlin.", "Q234644": "Elizabeth Chase Olsen (born February 16, 1989) is an American actress. Her breakthrough came in 2011 when she starred in the independent thriller drama Martha Marcy May Marlene, for which she was nominated for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress and Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead, among other awards.\nShe subsequently starred in the films Silent House (2011), Liberal Arts (2012), Oldboy (2013), Godzilla (2014), I Saw the Light (2015), Ingrid Goes West (2017), and Wind River (2017). Olsen also starred in the web television drama series Sorry for Your Loss (2018\u20132019), for which she has also served as executive producer.\nShe achieved international recognition for her role as Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch in superhero films set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, including Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019).", "Q63992": "Ascona is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nIt is located on the shore of Lake Maggiore.\nThe town is a popular tourist destination, and holds a yearly jazz festival, the Ascona Jazz Festival.\n\n", "Q72647": "Oskar Gustav Rudolf Hergt (22 October 1869, Naumburg \u2013 9 May 1967, G\u00f6ttingen) was a German nationalist politician, who served simultaneously as Minister of Justice and vice-chancellor from 28 January 1927 to 12 June 1928. Hergt attended the prestigious Domgymnasium Naumburg before reading law at W\u00fcrzburg, Munich and Berlin. He worked as a Gerichtsassessor in Saxony, and also as a judge in Liebenwerda. Hergt held various senior offices at the Prussian Ministry of Finance from 1904 to 1914. Previously a member of the FKP, which was dissolved after the First World War, Hergt was a founding member of the right-wing monarchist DNVP and the first party chairman. First elected to the Reichstag in 1920, he was seen as one of the more moderate members of the party, and his support for the Dawes Plan in 1924 was seen as a betrayal of the party's line and led to his replacement with the more hardline conservative Kuno von Westarp. As vice-chancellor, Hergt was the most senior DNVP politician in Wilhelm Marx's coalition government, but after losing the DNVP's leadership election in October 1928 to Alfred Hugenberg, he became an increasingly minor figure in the radicalised DNVP. After the rise of the Nazi Party, Hergt retired from politics.", "Q574749": "Big Walter Price (2 August 1917 \u2212 7 March 2012) was an American blues singer, songwriter and pianist.\nBorn near Gonzales, Texas, he moved to San Antonio, where he released his first song called \"Calling Margie\" in 1955. In 1955 he moved to Houston, where he lived until his death. In the 1960s he signed with Peacock Records and released several of his singles. His song \"Pack Fair and Square\" was covered by the J. Geils Band on the J. Geils Band album.He died in 2012 aged 94 (though he claimed 97).", "Q1145572": "Curtis Gordon (July 27, 1928 \u2013 May 2, 2004) was an American rockabilly singer.\nGordon was heavily influenced by Ernest Tubb, Bob Wills, and Jimmie Rodgers as a child. He won a radio talent show as a teen and left high school to be the lead singer of his own band, which included fiddle player Jimmy Bryant. His parents demanded that he return to school and give up the band; he did so, though he moonlighted with a band called Pee Wee Mills & the Twilight Cowboys, who operated out of Gulfport, Mississippi. He formed a new Western swing band of his own at age 21 and began touring the Southeast United States. Gordon served in the Army briefly during the Korean War; while there he met Roger Miller, whom he later helped get signed.\nIn June 1952, an employee of RCA Victor heard Gordon playing in a contest in Atlanta and told executive Steve Sholes about him. Gordon signed with RCA soon after and began recording for the label in the fall. He appeared on the Grand Ole Opry and supported Ernest Tubb, Elvis Presley, and Hank Snow on tour. His records sold modestly, though they never charted; he remained on RCA for two years, and when his contract expired he was snapped up by Mercury Records. Gordon's style changed while on Mercury, for a number of possible reasons. The label let him record much of his own material, he worked extensively with producer Pappy Daily, and the nascent rock & roll movement had changed tastes. His recordings of 1956-57 are a mix of Western swing, rock and roll, and straight country music.\nHe played regularly in Mobile, Alabama and toured the South sporadically. He recorded with Dollie Records at the end of the 1950s, his last major contract; he continued performing locally for some time after that. He ran a dance club in Georgia in the 1970s, and returned to rockabilly performing in the 1980s as the Europeans revived it.", "Q1811985": "Lee Shaw (June 25, 1926 \u2013 October 25, 2015), nicknamed the \"First Lady of Jazz\", was an American jazz pianist and composer. Born Londa Lee Moore in Cushing, Oklahoma, but raised in Ada, Shaw would listen to the radio then play on the piano the songs she heard, as well as learn songs from the Great American Songbook.", "Q66632": "Norbert Bl\u00fcm (born 21 July 1935) is a German politician who was a federal legislator from North Rhine-Westphalia, Chairman of the CDU there (1987\u20131999), and a minister for labor and social affairs\u2014the only cabinet member who was all the 16 years of Kohl as Chancellor in his government.", "Q386784": "Raymond Arthur Quinn (born 25 August 1988) is an English actor, singer, and dancer. He is best known for his role as Anthony Murray in Brookside from 2000 to 2003. He achieved more public recognition when he auditioned for the third series of The X Factor in 2006, finishing in second place behind Leona Lewis.\nQuinn won the fourth series of Dancing on Ice in 2009 and the 'All Stars' series in 2014. On 22 February 2015, he was the winner of the first series of Get Your Act Together.", "Q188705": "The island of Maui (; Hawaiian: [\u02c8m\u0250wwi]) is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at 727.2 square miles (1,883 km2) and is the 17th largest island in the United States. Maui is part of the State of Hawaii and is the largest of Maui County's four islands, which include Moloka\u02bbi, L\u0101na\u02bbi, and unpopulated Kaho\u02bbolawe. In 2010, Maui had a population of 144,444, third-highest of the Hawaiian Islands, behind that of O\u02bbahu and Hawai\u02bbi Island. Kahului is the largest census-designated place (CDP) on the island with a population of 26,337 as of 2010 and is the commercial and financial hub of the island. Wailuku is the seat of Maui County and is the third-largest CDP as of 2010. Other significant places include K\u012bhei (including Wailea and Makena in the Kihei Town CDP, the island's second-most-populated CDP), Lahaina (including K\u0101\u02bbanapali and Kapalua in the Lahaina Town CDP), Makawao, Pukalani, P\u0101\u02bbia, Kula, Ha\u02bbik\u016b, and H\u0101na.\n\n", "Q69501": "Karl Franz Brendel (November 26, 1811 \u2013 November 25, 1868) was a German music critic, journalist and musicologist born in Stolberg, the son of a successful mining engineer named Christian Friedrich Brendel.", "Q27108": "Alexander Spotswood (c. 1676 \u2013 6 June 1740) was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Army and a noted Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. He is noted in Virginia and American history for a number of his projects as governor, including his exploring beyond the Blue Ridge Mountains, his establishing what was perhaps the first colonial iron works, and his negotiating the Treaty of Albany with the Iroquois Nations of New York.", "Q266664": "Szymon Niemiec (born 5 October 1977 in Warsaw) is a Polish photographer, gay rights activist, journalist and politician. He is the founder of the first Polish Gay Pride parade, Parada R\u00f3wno\u015bci held in 2001.' From 2000 to 2006, Niemiec held the post of Cultural Ambassador of Poland to the International Lesbian and Gay Culture Network. From 2001 to 2005, he was President of the International Lesbian and Gay Culture Association in Poland.\nNiemiec has been a member of the Union of the Left party since 2002, and on 6 May 2005 he was elected vice president of the party. Since 2008 he is also a pastor of Free Reformed Church of Poland, a progressive Christian denomination. Since 2010 he serve as Elder in Full Connection and Dean of Missionary Conference for Europe in Christian United Church of Poland. At 25 August 2012 Niemiec was consecrated for a Bishop of the Church by Archbishop Terry Flynn.In May 2007 he published his first book: Rainbow Humming Bird on the Butt.\nFrom 2008, Niemiec become a member of the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association, and president of the board of \"Friends of Szymon\" foundation.", "Q840065": "New jack swing or swingbeat is a fusion genre spearheaded by Teddy Riley and Bernard Belle that was popular from the mid-1980s into the early 1990s. The style originated from Janet Jackson's third studio album, Control from 1986. Its influence, along with hip hop, seeped into pop culture and was the definitive sound of the inventive New York club scene. It fuses the rhythms, samples, and production techniques of hip hop and dance-pop with the urban contemporary sound of R&B. The new jack swing style developed as many previous music styles did, by combining elements of older styles with newer sensibilities. It used R&B style vocals sung over hip hop and dance-pop style influenced instrumentation. The sound of new jack swing comes from the hip hop \"swing\" beats created by drum machine, and hardware samplers, which were popular during the Golden Age of Hip Hop, with contemporary R&B style singing.\nMerriam-Webster's online dictionary defines new jack swing as \"pop music usually performed by black musicians that combines elements of jazz, funk, rap, and rhythm and blues\". New jack swing did take up the trend of using sampled beats and tunes, and also created beats using the then-new SP-1200 sampler and the Roland TR-808 drum machine to lay an \"insistent beat under light melody lines and clearly enunciated vocals.\" The Roland TR-808 was sampled to create distinctive, syncopated, swung rhythms, with its snare sound being especially prominent. Two examples would be \"Groove Me\" by Guy which samples \"Funky President (People It's Bad)\", \"My Thang\" and \"The Champ\" as well as its own swing drums and \"Right or Wrong\" by Mind which fuses sharp drum reverb effects and a hidden looped sample of the Funky Drummer. The key producers were Timmy Gatling, Babyface & L.A. Reid, Bernard Belle, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, and Teddy Riley.", "Q155570": "Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (German: Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) was created as a duchy in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach, which had been in personal union since 1741. It was raised to a Grand duchy in 1815 by resolution of the Vienna Congress. In 1903, it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony (German: Gro\u00dfherzogtum Sachsen), but this name was rarely used. The Grand Duchy came to an end in the German Revolution of 1918\u201319 with the other monarchies of the German Empire. It was succeeded by the Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, which was merged into the new state of Thuringia two years later.\nThe full grand ducal style was Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Landgrave in Thuringia, Margrave of Meissen, Princely Count of Henneberg, Lord of Blankenhayn, Neustadt and Tautenburg.\nThe Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach branch has been the most genealogically senior extant branch of the House of Wettin since 1672.", "Q124389": "Albert Dupontel (French: [al.b\u025b\u0281 dy.p\u0254\u0303.t\u025bl]; born 11 January 1964) is a French actor, film director and screenwriter. He started his career as a stand-up comedian. In February 1998, his film Bernie took the Grand Prize at the 9th Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival which was attended by Dupontel.", "Q4184": "See also: List of autobiographies and Category:Autobiographies for examples.\nAn autobiography (from the Greek, \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2-autos self + \u03b2\u03af\u03bf\u03c2-bios life + \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd-graphein to write; also informally called an autobio) is a self-written account of the life of oneself. The word \"autobiography\" was first used deprecatingly by William Taylor in 1797 in the English periodical The Monthly Review, when he suggested the word as a hybrid, but condemned it as \"pedantic\". However, its next recorded use was in its present sense, by Robert Southey in 1809. Despite only being named early in the nineteenth century, first-person autobiographical writing originates in antiquity. Roy Pascal differentiates autobiography from the periodic self-reflective mode of journal or diary writing by noting that \"[autobiography] is a review of a life from a particular moment in time, while the diary, however reflective it may be, moves through a series of moments in time\". Autobiography thus takes stock of the autobiographer's life from the moment of composition. While biographers generally rely on a wide variety of documents and viewpoints, autobiography may be based entirely on the writer's memory. The memoir form is closely associated with autobiography but it tends, as Pascal claims, to focus less on the self and more on others during the autobiographer's review of his or her life.", "Q302484": "Valeriya (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f) is a stage name of Alla Yurievna Perfilova (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, born April 17, 1968 in Atkarsk), a Russian singer and fashion model, Valeriya, who is a recipient of the titles People's Artist of Russia (2013) and People's Artist of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (2016), has also won numerous prestigious awards, including Golden Gramophone (thirteen), Pesnya goda (thirteen), Muz-TV (four: Best Performer in 2004, 2010 and 2015, Best Video, 2014), and MTV Russia Music Awards (two, Best Performer, 2004, Best Song, 2005). She has been a member of the Council for Culture and Art under the President of the Russian Federation since 2012.\n\n", "Q1586916": "Harry Rudolph von Zell (July 11, 1906 \u2013 November 21, 1981) was an American announcer of radio programs, and an actor in films and television shows. He is best remembered for his work on The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show, and for once mispronouncing President Herbert Hoover's name on the air, a slip that was exaggerated on a later comedy record album.", "Q760790": "Karl August Engelbrekt Ahlqvist, who wrote as A. Oksanen (7 August 1826 \u2013 20 November 1889), was a Finnish professor, poet, scholar of the Finno-Ugric languages, author, and literary critic.", "Q188711": "Companions of the Prophet or a\u1e63-\u1e63a\u1e25\u0101bah (Arabic: \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064f\u200e meaning \"the companions\", from the verb \u0635\u064e\u062d\u0650\u0628\u064e meaning \"accompany\", \"keep company with\", \"associate with\") were the disciples and followers of Muhammad who \"saw or met the prophet during his lifetime and were physically in his presence\". \"Al-\u1e63a\u1e25\u0101bah\" is definite plural; the indefinite singular is masculine \u0635\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064c\u0651 (\u1e63a\u1e25\u0101biyy), feminine \u0635\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064c (\u1e63a\u1e25\u0101biyyah).\nLater scholars accepted their testimony of the words and deeds of Muhammad, the occasions on which the Quran was revealed and other various important matters of Islamic history and practice. The testimony of the companions, as it was passed down through trusted chains of narrators (isnads), was the basis of the developing Islamic tradition. From the traditions (hadith) of the life of Muhammad and his companions are drawn the Muslim way of life (sunnah), the code of conduct (sharia) it requires, and the jurisprudence (fiqh) by which Muslim communities should be regulated.\nThe two largest Islamic denominations, the Sunni and Shia, take different approaches in weighing the value of the companions' testimonies, have different hadith collections and, as a result, have different views about the \u1e63a\u1e25\u0101bah.The next generation of Muslims after the \u1e63a\u1e25\u0101bah, who were born after Muhammad died but knew personally at least one \u1e63a\u1e25\u0101bah, are called T\u0101bi\u2018\u016bn, and the generation after them, who knew at least one T\u0101bi\u2018, are called t\u0101bi\u2018 al-t\u0101bi\u2018\u012bn. The three generations make up the salaf of Islam.", "Q66626": "Hornussen is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q276463": "The Psychedelic Furs are a British new wave band founded in London in February 1977. Led by singer Richard Butler and his brother Tim Butler on bass guitar, the Psychedelic Furs were one of the many acts spawned from the British post-punk scene. Their music went through several phases, from an initially austere art rock sound, to later touching on new wave and hard rock.The band scored several hits in their early career. In 1986, filmmaker John Hughes used their song \"Pretty in Pink\" for his movie of the same name. They went on hiatus after they finished touring in 1992, but later regrouped in 2000 and continued to perform live within the next 20 years. The band will release Made of Rain, their first studio album in nearly three decades, on 1 May 2020.", "Q76435": "Siegfried Kracauer (; German: [\u02c8k\u0281aka\u028a\u032f\u0250]; February 8, 1889 \u2013 November 26, 1966) was a German writer, journalist, sociologist, cultural critic, and film theorist. He has sometimes been associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory. He is notable for arguing that realism is the most important function of cinema.", "Q61149": "Heinrich G\u00f6bel, or Henry Goebel (April 20, 1818 \u2013 December 4, 1893), born in Springe, Germany, was a precision mechanic and inventor. In 1848 he emigrated to New York City, where he resided until his death. He received American citizenship in 1865.\nIn 1893, magazines and newspapers reported 25 years earlier, G\u00f6bel had developed incandescent light bulbs comparable to those invented in 1879 by Thomas Alva Edison. G\u00f6bel did not apply for a patent.\nIn 1893, the Edison Electric Light Company sued three manufacturers of incandescent lamps for infringing Edison's patent. The defense of these companies claimed the Edison patent was void because of the same invention by G\u00f6bel 25 years earlier, which came to be known as the \"G\u00f6bel defense\".\nJudges of four courts raised doubts; there was no clear and convincing proof for the claimed invention. A research work published in 2007 concluded that the Goebel-Defense was fraudulent.After G\u00f6bel's death, in some countries, the legend arose he was the true inventor of the practical incandescent light bulb.\nG\u00f6bel acquired patents for an improvement of sewing machines (1865), for an improvement of the Geissler pump (1882) and for a technique to connect carbon threads to metal wires in incandescent lamps (1882). These three patents had no influence on further technical developments.", "Q266670": "Megumi Hayashibara (\u6797\u539f \u3081\u3050\u307f, Hayashibara Megumi, born March 30, 1967) is a Japanese voice actress, singer, lyricist and radio personality from Kita ward in Tokyo and is affiliated with Woodpark Office. One of the most prominent Japanese voice actresses of the 1990s, Hayashibara is best known for her roles in Love Hina, Saber Marionette J, Ranma \u00bd, Neon Genesis Evangelion, Cowboy Bebop, Slayers, Detective Conan, Pok\u00e9mon, All Purpose Cultural Catgirl Nuku Nuku, Video Girl Ai, Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony, and Shaman King.", "Q509946": "Janet R. Maslin (born August 12, 1949) is an American journalist, best known as a film and literary critic for The New York Times. She served as a Times film critic from 1977 to 1999 and a book critic from 2000 to 2015. In 2000 she helped found the Jacob Burns Film Center in Pleasantville, New York. She is President of its Board of Directors.", "Q40187": "Dogma is a 1999 American fantasy comedy film, written and directed by Kevin Smith, who also stars with Ben Affleck, Matt Damon, George Carlin, Linda Fiorentino, Janeane Garofalo, Chris Rock, Jason Lee, Salma Hayek, Bud Cort, Alan Rickman, Alanis Morissette and Jason Mewes. It is the fourth film in Smith's View Askewniverse series. Brian O'Halloran and Jeff Anderson, stars of the first Askewniverse film Clerks, appear in the film, as do Smith regulars Scott Mosier, Dwight Ewell, Walt Flanagan, and Bryan Johnson.\nThe story revolves around two fallen angels who plan to employ an alleged loophole in Catholic dogma to return to Heaven after being cast out by God, but as existence is founded on the principle that God is infallible, their success would prove God wrong, thus undoing all creation. The last scion and two prophets are sent by the seraph Metatron to stop them.\nThe film's irreverent treatment of Catholicism and the Catholic Church triggered considerable controversy, even before its opening. The Catholic League denounced it as blasphemy. Organized protests delayed its release in many countries and led to at least two death threats against Smith.", "Q4190": "Passau (German pronunciation: [\u02c8pasa\u028a]') is a town in Lower Bavaria, Germany, also known as the Dreifl\u00fcssestadt (\"City of Three Rivers\") because the Danube is joined there by the Inn from the south and the Ilz from the north.\nPassau's population is 50,000, of whom about 12,000 are students at the University of Passau, renowned in Germany for its institutes of economics, law, theology, computer science and cultural studies.\n\n", "Q270012": "7 Days (French: Les 7 jours du talion, \"The 7 Days of Retaliation\") is a 2010 Canadian thriller film directed by Daniel Grou and starring Claude Legault. The screenplay was written by Patrick Sen\u00e9cal and based on his novel Les sept jours du talion.", "Q26202": "Gustaf Albrecht Bror Cederstr\u00f6m (21 September 1780 \u2013 25 December 1877) was a Swedish baron and lieutenant general and Minister of War.", "Q122934": "George Read Riddle (1817 \u2013 March 28, 1867) was an American engineer, lawyer and politician from Wilmington, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party who served as U.S. Representative and as U.S. Senator from Delaware.\n\n", "Q1919467": "Melker Sch\u00f6rling (born 1947) is a Swedish billionaire businessman. His investment company Melker Sch\u00f6rling AB (MSAB) has large interests in Securitas AB, Assa Abloy, Hexagon AB, Loomis and more. Sch\u00f6rling formed a partnership with fellow billionaire Gustaf Douglas, who is also a major shareholder in Securitas and Assa Abloy.\n\n", "Q67538": "Hans Conon von der Gabelentz (13 October 1807 \u2013 3 September 1874) was a German linguistic researcher and authority on the Manchu language. He was prime minister of the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg from 1848 to 1849.", "Q593878": "Daisy Chainsaw were an English alternative rock group who were active between 1989 and 1994 started by guitarist and songwriter Crispin Gray. The group's original lead vocalist KatieJane Garside appeared on the band's early EPs and 1992 debut album, Eleventeen, before departing in 1993. Lead vocalist Belinda Leith replaced Garside for the group's final album, released in 1994.", "Q1148042": "The Qutb Shahi dynasty ruled the Golconda Sultanate in south India. It was initially a highly Persianate Muslim Turkmen dynasty established in the 16th century that eventually adopted the regional culture of the Deccan (Telugu culture, language and the newly developed Deccani dialect of Urdu). The Qutb Shahis were known for their secular rule.Its members were collectively called the Qutub Shahis and were the ruling family of the kingdom of Golkonda, in and near the modern-day states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The Golconda sultanate was constantly in conflict with the Adil Shahis and Nizam Shahis. In 1636, Shah Jahan forced the Qutb Shahis to recognize Mughal suzerainty, which lasted until 1687 when the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered the Golcondan sultanate.", "Q206184": "Jens Zetlitz (26 January 1761 \u2013 14 January 1821) was a Norwegian priest and poet.Zetlitz was born at Stavanger in Rogaland, Norway. At the close of the 18th century he traveled to the University of Copenhagen to study theology. He became a member of The Norwegian Society (Det Norske Selskab) and became well known for his entertaining songs and drinking songs. He returned to Norway after completing his studies and entering the ministry. From 1800 Zetlitz was parish pastor and vicar at Vikedal in Ryfylke and from 1811 at Kviteseid in Telemark until his death in 1821.He married Maren Elisabeth Bull (1761-1801). Their daughter Axeliane Christine (1792-1855) married businessperson and consul Jacob Kielland (1788\u20131863).\nThe couple had five sons and five daughters. Through this marriage Jens Zetlitz had a large number of notable descendants; novelist Alexander Kielland was his great-grandnephew. The pop singer Bertine Zetlitz is the most famous currently living descendant.A street in Stavanger is named for Jens Zetlitz, as is the Zetlitz multi use hall in Stavanger Concert Hall.", "Q302490": "The Mission is a 1986 British period drama film about the experiences of a Jesuit missionary in 18th-century South America. Written by Robert Bolt and directed by Roland Joff\u00e9, the film stars Robert De Niro, Jeremy Irons, Ray McAnally, Aidan Quinn, Cherie Lunghi, and Liam Neeson.\nIt won the Palme d'Or and the Academy Award for Best Cinematography. In April 2007, it was elected number one on the Church Times' Top 50 Religious Films list. Furthermore, it is one of fifteen films listed in the category \"Religion\" on the Vatican film list. The music, scored by Italian composer Ennio Morricone, ranked 1st on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's (ABC) Classic 100 Music in the Movies.", "Q370760": "Myron Stanford Lynde (September 23, 1931 \u2013 August 6, 2013) was an American comic strip artist, painter and novelist.", "Q129861": "John J. Tormey Jr. (born August 4, 1937) is an American actor. He is best known for his performance as \"Louie\" in the 1999 film Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai.", "Q274274": "Joanna Pacitti (born October 6, 1984) is an American singer and former lead vocalist in the band City (Comma) State.", "Q2322001": "Henri de Valois, duc d'Angoul\u00eame (1551 in Aix-la-Chapelle \u2013 2 June 1586 in Aix-en-Provence), sometimes called \"Henri, b\u00e2tard de Valois\" or \"Henri de France\", was a L\u00e9gitim\u00e9 de France, cleric, and military commander during the Wars of Religion.", "Q326526": "Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps (also known as Wall Street 2 or Wall Street 2: Money Never Sleeps) is a 2010 American drama film directed by Oliver Stone, a sequel to Wall Street (1987). It stars Michael Douglas, Shia LaBeouf, Josh Brolin, Carey Mulligan, Frank Langella, Susan Sarandon and Eli Wallach in his final film role.\nThe film takes place in New York, 23 years after the original, and revolves around the 2008 financial crisis. Its plot centers on a supposedly reformed Gordon Gekko, played by Douglas, and follows his attempts to repair his relationship with his daughter Winnie (Mulligan), with the help of her fianc\u00e9, Jacob Moore (LaBeouf).\nPrincipal photography took place in New York between September and November 2009. After having its release date moved twice, Money Never Sleeps was released theatrically worldwide on September 24, 2010, by 20th Century Fox. Prior to its official release, many journalists connected to the financial industry were reportedly shown advance screenings of the film.\nDespite opening to positive reception at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival, Money Never Sleeps received mixed reviews from critics. Though failing to meet its critical expectations, the film was successful at the box office, topping the United States's ranking during its opening weekend, and earning a worldwide total of $134 million in ticket sales, and more than $15 million on DVD.", "Q32277": "Virgin Atlantic, a trading name of Virgin Atlantic Airways Limited and Virgin Atlantic International Limited, is a British airline with its head office in Crawley, England. The airline was established in 1984 as British Atlantic Airways, and was originally planned by its co-founders Randolph Fields and Alan Hellary to fly between London and the Falkland Islands. Soon after changing the name to Virgin Atlantic Airways, Fields sold his shares in the company after disagreements with Sir Richard Branson over the management of the company. The maiden flight from Gatwick Airport to Newark Liberty International Airport took place on 22 June 1984.\nThe airline along with Virgin Holidays is controlled by a holding company, Virgin Atlantic Limited, which is 51% owned by the Virgin Group and 49% by Delta Air Lines. It is administratively separate from other Virgin-branded airlines. Virgin Atlantic Airways Limited and Virgin Atlantic International Limited both hold Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) Type A Operating Licences (AOC numbers 534 and 2435 respectively), both of which permit these airlines, operating as Virgin Atlantic Airways, to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats.Virgin Atlantic uses a mixed fleet of Airbus and Boeing wide-body aircraft and operates to destinations in North America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East and Asia from its main bases in London (Heathrow and Gatwick), and its secondary base at Manchester. The airline also operates seasonal flights from Glasgow and Belfast. Virgin Atlantic aircraft consist of three cabins: Economy, Premium (formerly Premium economy) and Upper Class (business).\nIn July 2017, Virgin Atlantic announced its intention to form a joint venture with Air France\u2013KLM, but in December 2019, it was announced that the joint venture would not include a stake in Virgin Atlantic.", "Q545580": "Georges Valois (real name Alfred-Georges Gressent; 7 October 1878 \u2013 February 1945) was a French journalist and politician, born in Paris. He was a member of the French resistance and died in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.", "Q110038": "Michael Borgstede (born December 27, 1976 at Thuine in Lower Saxony), is a German harpsichordist and organist. He is also a journalist, being Middle East correspondent for the Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung. He resides in Tel Aviv.\nWhile a student at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague, Borgstede won the Ben Weber Award and the York Early Music Competition. He has since appeared with the early-music group Musica ad Rhenum as well as a soloist.\nHe is a recording artist and a published author: Leben in Israel: Alltag im Ausnahmezustand. Herbig, M\u00fcnchen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7766-2553-0, on the ethnic diversity of Israeli society.", "Q379022": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois de La Harpe (20 November 1739 \u2013 11 February 1803) was a French playwright, writer and literary critic.", "Q183644": "Pravda (Russian: \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430, IPA: [\u02c8pravd\u0259] (listen), \"Truth\") is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, formerly the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when it was one of the most influential papers in the country with a circulation of 11 million. The newspaper began publication on 5 May 1912 in the Russian Empire, but was already extant abroad in January 1911. It emerged as a leading newspaper of the Soviet Union after the October Revolution. The newspaper was an organ of the Central Committee of the CPSU between 1912 and 1991.After the dissolution of the Soviet Union Pravda was sold off by Russian President Boris Yeltsin to a Greek business family in 1996, and the paper came under the control of their private company Pravda International.In 1996, there was an internal dispute between the owners of Pravda International and some of the Pravda journalists which led to Pravda splitting into different entities. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation acquired the Pravda paper, while some of the original Pravda journalists separated to form Russia's first online paper (and the first online English paper) Pravda.ru, which is not connected to the Communist Party. After a legal dispute between the rival parties, the Russian court of arbitration stipulated that both entities would be allowed to continue using the Pravda name.The Pravda paper is today run by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, whereas the online Pravda.ru is privately owned and has international editions published in Russian, English, French and Portuguese.", "Q72653": "Danielle Fernandes Dominique Schuelein-Steel (born August 14, 1947) is an American writer, best known for her romance novels. She is the bestselling author alive and the fourth bestselling fiction author of all time, with over 800 million copies sold. She has written 179 books, including over 146 novels.Based in California for most of her career, Steel has produced several books a year, often juggling up to five projects at once. Despite \"a resounding lack of critical acclaim\" (Publishers Weekly), all her novels have been bestsellers, including those issued in hardback. Her formula is fairly consistent, often involving rich families facing a crisis, threatened by dark elements such as prison, fraud, blackmail and suicide. Steel has also published children's fiction and poetry, as well as raising funds for the treatment of mental disorders. Her books have been translated into 43 languages, with 22 adapted for television, including two that have received Golden Globe nominations.", "Q63986": "Zofingen (French: Zofingue) is a city in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. It is the capital of the district of Zofingen. Zofingen is a walled city and home of an ancient monastic settlement.\n\n", "Q161819": "Dame Julie Andrews, (born Julia Elizabeth Wells; 1 October 1935) is an English actress, singer and author. Andrews, a child actress and singer, appeared in the West End in 1948 and made her Broadway debut in The Boy Friend (1954). Billed as \u201cBritain\u2019s youngest prima donna\u201d, she rose to prominence starring in Broadway musicals such as My Fair Lady (1956) playing Eliza Doolittle, and Camelot (1960) playing Queen Guinevere. In 1957, Andrews starred in the premiere of Rodgers and Hammerstein's written-for-television musical Cinderella, a live, network broadcast seen by over 100 million viewers. Andrews made her feature film debut in Mary Poppins (1964), and won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the title role. She starred in The Sound of Music (1965), playing Maria von Trapp, and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Comedy or Musical.\nBetween 1964 and 1986, she starred in The Americanization of Emily (1964), Hawaii (1966), Torn Curtain (1966), Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967), Star! (1968), The Tamarind Seed (1974), 10 (1979), S.O.B. (1981), Victor/Victoria (1982), That's Life! (1986) and Duet for One (1986). After 1986, her workload decreased, appearing in two films in 1991, and not again until 2000. Since the turn of the new millennium, however, her career has had a revival, with central roles in the Shrek series as Queen Lillian, in The Princess Diaries and its sequel as Queen Clarisse Renaldi, and in the Despicable Me series as Gru's mother Marlena. She has also worked hosting performance shows such as Great Performances and narrating documentaries such as the 2004 Emmy-winning series Broadway: The American Musical.\nIn 2000, Andrews was made a Dame by Queen Elizabeth II for services to the performing arts. In 2002, she was ranked #59 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. In 2003, she revisited her first Broadway success, this time as a stage director, with a revival of The Boy Friend. From 2001 to 2004, Andrews starred in The Princess Diaries (2001) and The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (2004). From 2004 to 2018, she lent her voice to the Shrek animated films, Despicable Me (2010) and Aquaman (2018).\nAndrews has won an Academy Award, a BAFTA, five Golden Globes, three Grammys, two Emmys, the AFI Life Achievement Award, the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award, the Kennedy Center Honors Award, and the Disney Legends Award. Apart from her musical career, she is also an author of children's books and has published two autobiographies, Home: A Memoir of My Early Years (2008) and Home Work: A Memoir of My Hollywood Years (2019).", "Q52583": "Carly Rae Jepsen (born November 21, 1985) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actress. Born and raised in Mission, British Columbia, Jepsen performed several lead roles in her high school's musical productions and pursued musical theatre at the Canadian College of Performing Arts in Victoria, BC. After completing her studies, she relocated to Vancouver and later competed on the fifth season of Canadian Idol in 2007, placing third. In 2008, Jepsen released her folk-influenced debut studio album Tug of War in Canada.\nJepsen's breakthrough came in 2012, when her single \"Call Me Maybe\" achieved significant mainstream popularity; the song was the best-selling single of that year, reaching number one in 18 countries. As a result, she was signed to a joint worldwide record deal with Schoolboy Records and Interscope Records. Jepsen's second studio album, Kiss, was released later that year. It marked a greater shift into mainstream pop music and saw fair commercial success, reaching the top ten in Canada and the United States. In 2013 Jepsen made her Broadway stage debut as the titular character in Cinderella. In 2015 she released her third studio album, Emotion. It is noted for its influence from 1980s music as well as blending dance-pop and synth-pop with indie sensibilities. While less commercially successful than Kiss, it saw the success of its lead single, \"I Really Like You\", and received critical acclaim. In 2016 Jepsen performed in the television special Grease: Live and lent her voice to the animated film Ballerina. Her fourth studio album, Dedicated, was released on May 17, 2019.\nJepsen has received multiple accolades, including three Juno Awards, a Billboard Music Award, and an Allan Slaight Award, in addition to various nominations for Grammy Awards, MTV Video Music Awards, Polaris Music Prize and People's Choice Awards. As of May 2015, Jepsen has sold over 25 million records worldwide.", "Q12819": "Ma\u0142gorzata Maria Handzlik (born January 1, 1965 in Bielsko-Bia\u0142a) is a Polish politician and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP). She was elected in 2004 and 2009 for the Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska, PO), and chose not to run for reelection in 2014.\nShe learned Esperanto in the 1980s during her travels with her husband Jerzy Handzlik, an Esperanto singer, writer, publisher, and teacher. Apart from promoting her party's objectives, Handzlik has declared to stand in for multilingualism and equal linguistic rights for all citizens. Handzlik is a fluent speaker of Esperanto and proposes to investigate the possible role of this language as a second language for all Europeans.\nOn 26 November 2014, she was charged with counterfeiting and fraud by the District Prosecutor's Office in Warsaw (Prokuratura Okr\u0119gowa w Warszawie).", "Q543697": "John August is an American screenwriter, director, producer, and novelist. He is known for writing the films Go (1999), Charlie's Angels (2000), Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003), Big Fish (2003), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), Frankenweenie (2012), the Disney live-action adaptation of Aladdin (2019) and the novel Arlo Finch in the Valley of Fire (2018).\nHe hosts the popular screenwriting podcast Scriptnotes with Craig Mazin, maintains an eponymous screenwriting blog and develops screenwriter-targeted software through his company, Quote-Unquote Apps.He is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, voting in the Writers branch. In 2016, he was awarded the WGAw's Valentine Davies Award for his dignified contributions to the entertainment industry and the community-at-large, and has been nominated for a BAFTA and a Grammy.", "Q65449": "Georg Leibbrandt (6 September 1899 \u2013 16 June 1982) was a Nazi German bureaucrat and diplomat. He occupied leading foreign policy positions in the Nazi Party Foreign Policy Office (APA) and the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories (RMfdbO) as an expert on issues relating to Russia. Both agencies were headed by Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg. Leibbrandt was a participant of the Wannsee Conference. In the postwar period, criminal proceedings against Leibbrandt were initiated, but the case against him was ultimately dismissed. \n\n", "Q2487180": "Diana Dale Dickey (born September 29, 1961) is an American actress who has worked in theater, film, and television. Dickey won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female for her performance as Merab in the 2010 independent drama film Winter's Bone. She is also known for her character roles in a number of mainstream and independent films as of the early 2000s, and for recurring performances in television shows such as My Name Is Earl, Breaking Bad, True Blood and Justified. She also appeared on the television series Vice Principals on HBO.\n\n", "Q213589": "Karl Leberecht Immermann (24 April 1796 \u2013 25 August 1840) was a German dramatist, novelist and a poet.\nHe was born at Magdeburg, the son of a government official. In 1813 he went to study law at Halle, where he remained, after the suppression of the university by Napoleon in the same year, until Frederick William III of Prussia's \"Summons to my people\" on 17 March. Immermann responded quickly, but was prevented by illness from taking part in the earlier campaign; he fought, however, in 1815 at Ligny and Waterloo, and marched into Paris with Bl\u00fccher.\nAt the conclusion of the war he resumed his studies at Halle, and after being Referendar in Magdeburg, was appointed in 1819 Assessor at M\u00fcnster in Westphalia. Here he made the acquaintance of Elise von L\u00fctzow, Countess von Ahlefeldt, wife of Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm Freiherr von L\u00fctzow. She inspired him to begin writing, and their relationship is reflected in several dramas written about this time.\nIn 1823 Immermann was appointed judge at Magdeburg, and in 1827 was transferred to D\u00fcsseldorf as Landgerichtsrat or district judge. The countess, whose marriage had in the meantime been dissolved, followed him, and, though refusing marriage, shared his home until 1839, when he married a granddaughter of August Hermann Niemeyer (1754-1828), chancellor and rector perpetuus of Halle University. In 1834 Immermann undertook the management of the D\u00fcsseldorf theatre, and, although his resources were small, succeeded for two years in raising it to a high level of excellence. The theatre, however, was insufficiently endowed to allow of him carrying on the work, and In 1836 he returned to his official duties and literary pursuits. He died at D\u00fcsseldorf.\nImmermann had considerable aptitude for the drama, but it was long before he found a congenial field for his talents. His early plays are imitations, partly of Kotzebue's, partly of the Romantic dramas of Ludwig Tieck and M\u00fcller, and are now forgotten. In 1826, however, appeared Cardenio und Celinde, a love tragedy of more promise; this, as well as the earlier productions, awakened the ill-will of Count Platen, who made Immermann the subject of his wittiest satire, Der romantische Oedipus. Between 1827 and 1832 Immermann redeemed his good name by a series of historical tragedies, Das Trauerspiel in Tirol (1827), Kaiser Friedrich II. (1828) and a trilogy from Russian history, Alexis (1832). His masterpiece is the poetic mystery, Merlin (1831), a noble poem, which, like its model, Faust, deals with the deeper problems of modern spiritual life.\nImmermann's important dramaturgic experiments in D\u00fcsseldorf are described in detail in D\u00fcsseldorfer Anf\u00e4nge (1840). More significant is his position as a novelist. Here he clearly stands on the boundary line between Romanticism and modern literature; his Epigonen (1836) might be described as one of the last Romantic imitations of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, while the satire and realism of his second novel, M\u00fcnchhausen (1838), form a complete break with the older literature.\nAs a prose-writer Immermann is perhaps best remembered to-day by the admirable story of village life, Der Oberhof, which is embedded in the formless mass of M\u00fcnchhausen. His last work was an unfinished epic, Tristan und Isolde (1840).\nImmermann's Gesammelte Schriften were published in 14 vols. in 1835-1843; a new edition, with biography and introduction by R Boxberger, in 20 vols. (Berlin, 1883); selected works, edited by M Koch, (4 vols, 1887-1888) and Franz Muncker (6 vols, 1897). See G zu Putlitz, Karl Immermann, sein Leben und seine Werke (2 vols, 1870); Ferdinand Freiligrath, Karl Immermann, Bl\u00e4tter der Erinnerung an ihn (1842); Wilhelm M\u00fcller, K. Immermann und sein Kreis (1860); R Fellner, Geschichte einer deutschen Musterb\u00fchne (1888); K. Immermann: eine Ged\u00e4chtnisschrift (1896).", "Q366664": "Samuel L. Jones III (born April 29, 1983) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Pete Ross on the first three seasons of the Superman television series Smallville, Willie Worsley in the 2006 film Glory Road, Craig Shilo on Blue Mountain State, Chaz Pratt on ER and Billy Marsh in the 2006 film Home of the Brave.", "Q457190": "Patricia Jean Griffin (born March 16, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She is a vocalist and plays guitar and piano. She is known for her stripped-down songwriting style in the folk music genre. Her songs have been covered by numerous musicians, including Emmylou Harris, Ellis Paul, Kelly Clarkson, Rory Block, Dave Hause, Sugarland and the Dixie Chicks.\nIn 2007, Griffin received the Artist of the Year award from the Americana Music Association, and her album Children Running Through won the award for Best Album.\nIn 2011, Griffin's album Downtown Church won the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Gospel Album and her 2019 self-titled album won the Grammy Award for Best Folk Album.", "Q376477": "George Cadogan Gardner McKay (June 10, 1932 \u2013 November 21, 2001) was an American actor, artist, and author. He is best known for the lead role in the TV series Adventures in Paradise, based loosely on the writings of James Michener. His character, Adam Troy, is a Korean War veteran who purchased the two-masted 82-foot (25 m) schooner Tiki III, and sailed the South Pacific. The show ran for three seasons on ABC from 1959-1962, for a total of 91 episodes.", "Q272163": "Laura Restrepo (born 1950 in Bogot\u00e1, Colombia) is a Colombian author who began writing what were mainly political columns in her mid-twenties. Her first novel, Isle of Passion, is based on historical deeds that occurred on Clipperton Island.", "Q694177": "E Nomine (from the Latin In Nomine, \"In The Name Of\") is a German musical project, formed in 1999, by producers Christian Weller and Friedrich \"Fritz\" Graner. Their music, which they call monumental vocal style, is a combination of trance, techno, and vocals which closely resemble Gregorian singing and chanting. Other vocals are performed by German voice actors such as long-time collaborators Christian Br\u00fcckner and Rolf Schult. The primary languages in the songs are German and Latin.The project released its first album, Das Testament, in 1999. It was followed by Finsternis in 2002, Die Prophezeiung in 2003 and a compilation in 2004 (Das Beste aus... Gottes Beitrag und Teufels Werk), which also included new songs. No further official releases followed, but the project never officially ended. Two unreleased songs, Heilig and Excalibur, became public under various circumstances.\nIn 2008, the founders of E Nomine Weller and Graner started a new project, Schlafes Bruder. Their first album includes both of the unreleased songs that originated from the E Nomine project.\nE Nomine's Christian-themed song \"Vater Unser\" (Our Father) and album Das Testament were very popular among the German public.", "Q108111": "Riverside County is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,189,641, making it the fourth-most populous county in California and the 10th-most populous in the United States. The name was derived from the city of Riverside, which is the county seat.Riverside County is included in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario Metropolitan Statistical Area, also known as the Inland Empire. The county is also included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach Combined Statistical Area.\nRoughly rectangular, Riverside County covers 7,208 square miles (18,670 km2) in Southern California, spanning from the greater Los Angeles area to the Arizona border. Geographically, the county is mostly desert in the central and eastern portions, but has a Mediterranean climate in the western portion. Most of Joshua Tree National Park is located in the county.\nThe resort cities of Palm Springs, Palm Desert, Indian Wells, La Quinta, Rancho Mirage, and Desert Hot Springs are all located in the Coachella Valley region of central Riverside County. Large numbers of Los Angeles area workers have moved to the county in recent years (data from the US Census Bureau for 2007 through 2011) to take advantage of relatively affordable housing. Along with neighboring San Bernardino County, it was one of the fastest growing regions in the state prior to the recent changes in the regional economy. In addition, smaller, but significant, numbers of people have been moving into southwest Riverside County from the San Diego metropolitan area. The cities of Temecula and Murrieta accounted for 20% of the increase in population of the county between 2000 and 2007.", "Q329173": "Istv\u00e1n Gyulai (21 March 1943 in Budapest \u2013 11 March 2006 in Monte Carlo) was a former Hungarian television commentator and General Secretary of the IAAF and the AIPS.\nA sprinter during his active athletics career, he was a 28-time national champion. He won two relay medals in two editions of the Universiade: a gold medal over 4 x 100 metres in 1963 and a silver medal over 4 x 400 metres in 1965. He participated in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. He was part of the Budapest Honv\u00e9d sports club.He started his television career in 1970 on Hungarian television. He led the sport section between 1990 and 1991.\nHe was a member of the IAAF Council from 1984 until 2001, and from 1991 until his death he was the General Secretary of the IAAF. During his years in the council, he still worked for the Hungarian Television as well. He was a key figure in helping Hungary host major athletics events; among the competitions held in the country were two editions of the IAAF World Indoor Championships, the 1994 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and the 1998 European Athletics Championships.On 7 October 2006 the athletics stadium in Debrecen, Hungary was rededicated the Istv\u00e1n Gyulai Athletics Stadium in his honour. Five years after his death, the Gyulai Istv\u00e1n Memorial \u2013 Hungarian Athletics Grand Prix was launched in his honour, with his younger son Marton acting as meeting director.His first wife, middle-distance runner Olga Kazi, also competed at the Olympics for Hungary. Both his sons followed his steps in sports. The elder, Mikl\u00f3s Gyulai, a sprinter who was national champion and ran the 4x100 relay on the 2000 Sydney Olympics and the 4x100 relay final on the 1999 World Championships, was also the founding member of the Hungarian bobsleigh team, competing in 1994, 1998 and 2002 Winter Olympics. His younger son, M\u00e1rton Gyulai is a former pilot of the Hungarian bobsleigh team having driven both the 2-man and the 4-man sled in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Torino. The idea of the boys trying themselves out in bobsleigh came from their father and a close family friend, Andrew Frankl.\nOn the occasion of his 70th birthday, a hugely popular biography was published in Hungarian in 2500 copies available online called: \"A Kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 Helytart\u00f3ja: Gyulai Istv\u00e1n \u00e9letrajzi reg\u00e9nye\". An English edition is planned for 2015 depending on the funding available.", "Q1334455": "Jason Powers (born May 12, 1978), better known by his stage name eLZhi, is an American rapper from Detroit, Michigan. He is a former member of Slum Village and now records as a solo artist. In his youth, he made numerous visits to the Hip-Hop shop in Detroit, taking advantage of open-mic nights hosted by fellow Detroit rapper Proof. These sessions gave him the opportunity to be surrounded by Detroit's most talented MCs such as Obie Trice, Magestik Legend, Finale, Invincible, Phat Kat, Guilty Simpson, Royce da 5'9\", One Be Lo, J Dilla, Baatin, D12 and Eminem.", "Q117031": "Der Herrscher (English: The Master, The Sovereign, or The Ruler) is a 1937 German drama film directed by Veit Harlan. It was adapted from the play of the same name by Gerhart Hauptmann. Erwin Leiser calls it a propagandistic demonstration of the F\u00fchrerprinzip of Nazi Germany.", "Q131948": "Martino de Rossi (or Martino de Rubeis, called Maestro Martino or Martino of Como), was an Italian 15th-century culinary expert who was unequalled in his field at the time and could be considered the Western world's first celebrity chef. He made his career in Italy and was the chef at the Roman palazzo of the papal chamberlain (\"camerlengo\"), the Patriarch of Aquileia. Martino was applauded by his peers, earning him the epitaph of the prince of cooks. His book Libro de Arte Coquinaria (The Art of Cooking) (c. 1465) is considered a landmark in Italian gastronomic literature and a historical record of the transition from medieval to renaissance cuisine.", "Q959534": "Tage Aurell (1895 \u2013 1976) was a Swedish journalist, novelist and translator. He was born in Oslo, Norway. He made his literary debut in 1932 with the novel Tybergs g\u00e5rd, while his literary breakthrough was Skillingtryck from 1943. He was awarded the Dobloug Prize in 1966.", "Q39444": "Ronaldo de Assis Moreira (born 21 March 1980), commonly known as Ronaldinho Ga\u00facho (Brazilian Portuguese: [\u0281onaw\u02c8d\u0292\u0129\u0272u ga\u02c8u\u0283u]) or simply Ronaldinho, is a Brazilian former professional footballer and ambassador for Barcelona. He played mostly as an attacking midfielder, but was also deployed as a forward or a winger. He played the bulk of his career at European clubs Paris Saint-Germain, Barcelona and A.C. Milan as well as playing for the Brazilian national team. Often considered one of the best players of his generation and regarded by many as one of the greatest of all time, Ronaldinho won two FIFA World Player of the Year awards and a Ballon d'Or. He was renowned for his technical skills and creativity; due to his agility, pace and\ndribbling ability, as well as his use of tricks, feints, overhead kicks, no-look passes and accuracy from free-kicks.\nRonaldinho made his career debut for Gr\u00eamio, in 1998. At age 20, he moved to Paris Saint-Germain in France before signing for Barcelona in 2003. In his second season with Barcelona, he won his first FIFA World Player of the Year award, as Barcelona won La Liga. The season that followed is considered one of the best in his career as he was instrumental in Barcelona winning the UEFA Champions League, their first in fourteen years, as well as another La Liga title, giving Ronaldinho his first career double. After scoring two spectacular solo goals in El Cl\u00e1sico, Ronaldinho became the second Barcelona player, after Diego Maradona in 1983, to receive a standing ovation from Real Madrid fans at the Santiago Bernab\u00e9u. Ronaldinho also received his second FIFA World Player of the Year award, as well as the Ballon d'Or.\nFollowing a second-place La Liga finish to rivals Real Madrid in the 2006\u201307 season and an injury plagued 2007\u201308 season, Ronaldinho departed Barcelona to join Milan. He then returned to Brazil to play for Flamengo in 2011 and Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro a year later where he won the Copa Libertadores, before moving to Mexico to play for Quer\u00e9taro and then back to Brazil to play for Fluminense in 2015. Ronaldinho accumulated numerous other individual awards in his career. He was included in the UEFA Team of the Year and the FIFA World XI three times, named UEFA Club Footballer of the Year in 2006 and the South American Footballer of the Year in 2013, and was named in the FIFA 100, a list of the world's greatest living players compiled by Pel\u00e9.\nAt international level, Ronaldinho played 97 matches for the Brazil national team, scoring 33 goals and representing his country in two FIFA World Cups. He was an integral part of the 2002 FIFA World Cup-winning team in Korea and Japan, starring alongside Ronaldo and Rivaldo in an attacking trio, scoring two goals, including a free-kick from 40 yards out against England, registering two assists and being named in the FIFA World Cup All-Star Team. As captain, he led Brazil to their second Confederations Cup title in 2005 and was named Man of the Match in the final. Ronaldinho scored three goals in the tournament, taking his total to nine, making him the competition's joint all-time leading goalscorer.", "Q163968": "For the Canadian horse racing executive, see John J. Mooney (horse racing)John J. Mooney (born 1929) is an American chemical engineer who was co-inventor of the three-way catalytic converter, which has played a dramatic role in reducing pollution from motor vehicles since their introduction in the mid-1970s.", "Q1147417": "Simonetta Stefanelli (Italian pronunciation: [simo\u02c8netta ste\u02d0fa\u02c8n\u025blli]; born 30 November 1954) is an Italian actress, entrepreneur and fashion designer. Internationally, she is best known for her performance as Apollonia Vitelli-Corleone in the 1972 film The Godfather, directed by Francis Ford Coppola. Her other roles include appearances in Moses the Lawgiver, Scandal in the Family and Three Brothers. In 1992, Stefanelli made her last film appearance in the drama Le amiche del cuore (Close Friends) directed by her then husband Michele Placido.", "Q123394": "Markus Hediger (born 31 March 1959) is a Swiss writer and translator.", "Q528036": "Andrew White (27 July 1930 \u2013 9 November 2015) was a Scottish drummer, primarily a session musician. He is best known for replacing Ringo Starr on drums on the Beatles' first single, \"Love Me Do\". White was featured on the American 7\" single release of the song, which also appeared on the band's debut British album, Please Please Me. He also played on \"P.S. I Love You\", which was the B-side of \"Love Me Do\".White played with other prominent musicians and groups both in the United Kingdom and the United States, including Chuck Berry, Billy Fury, Herman's Hermits and Tom Jones. AllMusic called White \"one of the busier drummers in England from the late '50s through the mid-'70s\".", "Q19794": "Joshua David Duhamel (; born November 14, 1972) is an American actor and former fashion model. After various modeling work, he made his acting debut as Leo du Pres on the ABC daytime soap opera All My Children and later starred as Danny McCoy on NBC's Las Vegas.\nDuhamel has ventured into film, appearing as one of the main protagonists in three of the Transformers films, most recently in the fifth entry, Transformers: The Last Knight (2017). He has also appeared in When in Rome (2010), Life as We Know It (2010), New Year's Eve (2011), Safe Haven (2013), and You're Not You (2014). In 2015, Duhamel co-starred on the short-lived CBS crime drama Battle Creek. He also starred in two video games, most notably Call of Duty: WWII (2017). In 2018, he appeared in the romantic comedy-drama film Love, Simon.", "Q270774": "Julia Anne Sweeney (born October 10, 1959) is an American actress, comedian and author. She was a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 1990 to 1994. She played Mrs. Keeper in the film Stuart Little and voiced Brittany in Father of the Pride. She currently co-stars in the Hulu series Shrill and the Showtime series Work in Progress.", "Q719247": "Shalom \"Sam\" Jaffe (March 10, 1891 \u2013 March 24, 1984) was an American actor, teacher, musician, and engineer. In 1951, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Asphalt Jungle (1950) and appeared in other classic films such as Ben-Hur (1959) and The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951). He is also remembered for other outstanding performances such as the title role in Gunga Din (1939) and the High Lama in Lost Horizon (1937).", "Q7521833": "Sinatra is a 1992 CBS biographical drama miniseries about singer Frank Sinatra, developed and executive produced by Frank's youngest daughter Tina Sinatra and approved by Frank himself. Directed by James Steven Sadwith, produced by Richard M. Rosenbloom, and written by William Mastrosimone and Abby Mann. It stars Philip Casnoff, Olympia Dukakis, Joe Santos, Gina Gershon, Nina Siemaszko, Bob Gunton, and Marcia Gay Harden, with some of Sinatra's vocals recreated by Tom Burlinson. It won two and was nominated for seven Emmy Awards, along with a win and two nominations for a Golden Globe Award. Released on November 8, 1992, it was re-released on a two-disc DVD Warner Home Video on May 13, 2008.", "Q381799": "Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa (JP: \u7530\u5ddd \u6d0b\u884c Tagawa Hiroyuki, RU: \u041f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u043e\u043d \u0422\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0432\u0430 Panteleymon Tagawa; born September 27, 1950) is a Japanese-American actor known for his role as Nobusuke Tagomi in The Man in the High Castle, the Amazon original series adaptation of the novel by Philip K. Dick.\nHis roles have included Chang in The Last Emperor, the voice of Sin Tzu for the video game Batman: Rise of Sin Tzu, the evil soul-stealing sorcerer Shang Tsung in a film adaptation of the video game Mortal Kombat (a role he would reprise 18 years later for Mortal Kombat: Legacy and 24 years later in Mortal Kombat 11) and the evil mastermind Heihachi Mishima in the film adaptation of Tekken.", "Q1004248": "Taonan (Chinese: \u6d2e\u5357; pinyin: T\u00e1on\u00e1n), formerly Tao'an County (\u6d2e\u5b89\u53bf), is a county-level city of 100,000 in the northwest of Jilin province in Northeast China. It is under the administration of Baicheng prefecture-level city.", "Q66140": "Ignaz Ritter von Rudhart (11 March 1790, in Weismain, Upper Franconia \u2013 11 May 1838) was a Bavarian scholar and public servant who was dispatched to Greece to serve as President of the Privy Council (Prime Minister) during the reign of King Otto.\nVon Rudhart had received a doctorate of law from the University of Munich, had authored two books, one of them a statistical survey of the Bavarian Kingdom, which he served as a member of the Council of State, prior to his appointment as Prime Minister of Greece.\nWhen he arrived in Athens in February, 1837, he was received suspiciously by the English legate Lyons (who had been a supporter of his predecessor, von Armansperg) and immediately found himself at also odds with the king over the role of the prime minister. King Otto was committed to an absolute monarchy and was resistant to a powerful chief minister. Von Rudhart had a series of clashes with king, and being disliked by Queen Amalia, his resignation was accepted by King Otto 10 months after he arrived in Greece. Otto served as his own President of the Privy Council until a constitution was forced on him during the September 3rd Revolution in 1843.", "Q23434": "Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 \u2013 July 2, 1961) was an American journalist, novelist, short-story writer, and sportsman. His economical and understated style\u2014which he termed the iceberg theory\u2014had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his adventurous lifestyle and his public image brought him admiration from later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short-story collections, and two nonfiction works. Three of his novels, four short-story collections, and three nonfiction works were published posthumously. Many of his works are considered classics of American literature.\nHemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After high school, he was a reporter for a few months for The Kansas City Star before leaving for the Italian Front to enlist as an ambulance driver in World War I. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms (1929).\nIn 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson, the first of four wives. They moved to Paris where he worked as a foreign correspondent and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and artists of the 1920s' \"Lost Generation\" expatriate community. His debut novel The Sun Also Rises was published in 1926. He divorced Richardson in 1927 and married Pauline Pfeiffer; they divorced after he returned from the Spanish Civil War, where he had been a journalist. He based For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) on his experience there. Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in 1940; they separated after he met Mary Welsh in London during World War II. He was present with the troops as a journalist at the Normandy landings and the liberation of Paris.\nHemingway maintained permanent residences in Key West, Florida (in the 1930s) and Cuba (in the 1940s and 1950s). He almost died in 1954 after two plane crashes in as many days; these consecutive accidents left him in pain and ill health for much of the rest of his life. In 1959, he bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, where, in mid-1961, he ended his own life.", "Q6407539": "Killer Wave is a 2007 joint American-Canadian action-thriller TV mini-series, directed by Canadian filmmaker Bruce McDonald and written by Tedi Sarafian, George Malko, William Gray.", "Q65461": "Ganterschwil is a former municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of B\u00fctschwil and Ganterschwil merged to form the new municipality of B\u00fctschwil-Ganterschwil.", "Q116307": "Heinrich von Wild or Heinrich Wild I (1833\u20131902) was a Swiss meteorologist and physicist who established a modern meteorological system throughout the Empire and developed meteorological instruments.", "Q3578241": "The \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des arts appliqu\u00e9s et des m\u00e9tiers d'art, also called the \u00c9cole des Arts Appliqu\u00e9s or Olivier de Serres and abbreviated to ENSAAMA, is a post-baccalaur\u00e9at teaching establishment for the decorative arts in the 15th arrondissement of Paris, France.", "Q4679626": "Adam James Powell (born 20 December 1976) is a Welsh computer programmer, game designer and businessman. He is the co-founder of Neopets and Meteor Games.", "Q502185": "Andrey Yuryevich Vorobyov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u042e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0451\u0432, IPA: [\u0250n\u02c8dr\u02b2ej \u02c8j\u0289r\u02b2\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 v\u0259r\u0250\u02c8bj\u0275f], born April 14, 1970) is governor of Moscow Oblast, former head of the United Russia faction and one of the vice presidents of the State Duma.\n\n", "Q460714": "Anne Delvaux (French: [d\u025blvo]; born 20 October 1970 in Liege) is a Belgian politician and a member of the cdH. She was elected as a member of the Belgian Senate in 2007.\n\n", "Q235200": "Sumi Jo, OSI (\uc870\uc218\ubbf8; Korean pronunciation: [t\u0255o su.mi]; born 22 November 1962) is a South Korean lyric coloratura soprano known for her Grammy award-winning interpretations of the bel canto repertoire.", "Q86922": "Gustav von Sch\u00f6nberg (21 July 1839, in Stettin \u2013 3 January 1908) was a German economist.\nSch\u00f6nberg studied law and politics at the universities of Bonn and Berlin. After successfully completing these studies in 1860, he transferred to the civil service and was promoted to Gerichtsassessor within five years.\nSubsequently, Sch\u00f6nberg worked at the Seminar of the Prussian Statistical Bureaux. In 1867, he took up the role of Lecturer in Political Economy at the Prussian Agricultural Institute in Proskau, where, among other things, he was heavily involved in the establishment of several agricultural cooperatives in Schlesien.\nIn autumn 1868, Sch\u00f6nberg was appointed Professor ordinarius of Economics at the University of Basel. In 1870, he moved to the Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg as an economist. Three years later, he moved again to the University of T\u00fcbingen, where, in addition to his role as Professor ordinarius in Political Science, he was also Chancellor for some years. Starting in 1887, Sch\u00f6nberg edited the journal T\u00fcbinger Zeitschrift f\u00fcr die gesamte Staatswissenschaft (T\u00fcbingen Magazine for the Entire Political Sciences) together with Albert Sch\u00e4ffle and Karl Viktor Fricker.\nSch\u00f6nberg was an engaged member of the Association for Social Politics and campaigned vehemently for social issues of the \"labour question\".\nOn December 7, 1907, Sch\u00f6nberg was named honorary citizen of the City of T\u00fcbingen. He died in 1908 at the age of 68.", "Q299854": "Aviva Baumann (n\u00e9e Farber; born July 10, 1984) is an American actress known best for her role as Nicola in the Judd Apatow and Seth Rogen comedy, Superbad; as young Shannon Gibbs, the first wife of Special Agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs, in flashbacks on the US TV drama NCIS; and as Mandy, the much younger girlfriend of Ken Marino on Party Down. \nShe married actor Ken Baumann on June 16, 2012.\nShe is of Jewish descent.", "Q288781": "Kensington is an affluent district in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in the West End of central London.\nThe district's commercial heart is Kensington High Street, running on an east-west axis. The north east is taken up by Kensington Gardens, containing the Albert Memorial, the Serpentine Gallery and Speke's monument. South Kensington and Gloucester Road are home to Imperial College London, the Royal College of Music, the Royal Albert Hall, National Historical Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum, and Science Museum. The area is also home to many international embassies and consulates and the residence of many politicians and billionaires.", "Q156723": "Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie; 10 March 1776 \u2013 19 July 1810) was Queen of Prussia as the wife of King Frederick William III. The couple's happy, though short-lived, marriage produced nine children, including the future monarchs Frederick William IV of Prussia and German Emperor Wilhelm I.\nHer legacy became cemented after her extraordinary 1807 meeting with French Emperor Napoleon I at Tilsit \u2013 she met with the emperor to plead unsuccessfully for favorable terms after Prussia's disastrous losses in the Napoleonic Wars. She was already well loved by her subjects, but her meeting with Napoleon led Louise to become revered as \"the soul of national virtue\". Her early death at the age of thirty-four \"preserved her youth in the memory of posterity\", and caused Napoleon to reportedly remark that the king \"has lost his best minister\". The Order of Louise was founded by her grieving husband four years later as a female counterpart to the Iron Cross. In the 1920s conservative German women founded the Queen Louise League, and Louise herself would be used in Nazi propaganda as an example of the ideal German woman.", "Q426999": "Frances Bean Cobain (born August 18, 1992) is an American visual artist and model. She is the only child of Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain and Hole frontwoman Courtney Love. Cobain controls the publicity rights to her father's name and image.", "Q73203": "Leonhard Hutter (also H\u00fctter, Latinized as Hutterus; 19 January 1563 \u2013 23 October 1616) was a German Lutheran theologian.", "Q90198": "Hans Nieland (3 October 1900 in Hagen \u2013 29 August 1976 in Reinbek near Hamburg) was a politician of the German Nazi-Party (NSDAP) and Lord Mayor of Dresden from 1940 until 1945.", "Q117019": "Mohammad-Amin Riahi (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u200e; 1 June 1923, Khoy \u2013 15 May 2009, Tehran) was a prominent Iranian literary scholar of Persian literature, a historian, writer and statesman. Apart from being one of the authors of Dehkhoda Dictionary and Encyclop\u00e6dia Iranica, he was the author and editor of several well-known scholarly books. Mohammad-Amin Riahi received his PHD on Persian literature from Tehran University\nunder the supervision of Badiozzaman Forouzanfar. Riahi is best known for his scholarly works on Shahnameh and Ferdowsi, Hafiz, and the ancient iranian languages (especially Azari Language). He has produced critical editions of some of the major classical Persian texts such as Mersad-al-ebad and Nozhat-al-majalis. During a course of 60 years he published numerous scholarly articles, a selection of which are gathered in a volume titled Forty essays on language, literature and history of Iran.\nAmong numerous cultural positions he held during his career, Riahi was a professor of Tehran University, the founding member and later president of the Shahnameh Foundation (1971\u20131979), vice-chairman of the Iranian Academy of Literature and Arts, and Iranian Minister of Education (1979).", "Q2900328": "Yosef Shofman (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05e9\u05d5\u05e4\u05de\u05df\u200e, 16 June 1903 \u2013 10 September 1978) was an Israeli politician and diplomat who served as a member of the Knesset for Herut and Gahal between 1955 and 1969, and as the country's ambassador to Venezuela between 1971 and 1974.", "Q1361332": "Sir Thomas Octave Murdoch Sopwith, CBE, Hon FRAeS (18 January 1888 \u2013 27 January 1989) was an English aviation pioneer, business executive and yachtsman.", "Q78356": "Dorothea Tieck (March 1799 \u2013 21 February 1841) was a German translator, known particularly for her translations of William Shakespeare. She was born in Berlin to Ludwig Tieck and Amalie Alberti. She collaborated with her father and his Romantic literary circle, including August Wilhelm Schlegel and Wolf Heinrich Graf von Baudissin. She completed the translation of Shakespeare's works, which her father had begun with Schlegel and Baudissin, and worked also on Miguel de Cervantes and other Spanish writers.", "Q58086": "Dimitrios P. Droutsas (Greek: \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0. \u0394\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2) is a Greek lawyer and politician, who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece in 2010\u20132011. He became MP of the European Parliament by replacing Stavros Lambrinidis, who went on to become Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece.", "Q27652": "Jin Yi-han (Korean: \uc9c4\uc774\ud55c) (born Kim Hyun-Joong on October 10, 1978) is a South Korean actor. He began his acting career in 2002 in musical theatre, notably in Footloose. Jin soon branched out into television, and among his leading roles were in critically acclaimed Conspiracy in the Court (2007), family drama My Life's Golden Age (2008), daily drama Happiness in the Wind (2010), sitcom You're Here, You're Here, You're Really Here (2011), and mystery-romance My Secret Hotel (2014). He also played supporting roles in Who Are You? (2008), Bravo, My Love! (2011), Dr. Jin (2012), and Empress Ki (2013).On September 23, 2016, Jin Yi-han changed his stage name to Kim Ji-han.", "Q112161": "Nathan Birnbaum (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05ea\u05df \u05d1\u05d9\u05e8\u05e0\u05d1\u05d5\u05d9\u05dd\u200e; pseudonyms: \"Mathias Acher\", \"Dr. N. Birner\", \"Mathias Palme\", \"Anton Skart\", \"Theodor Schwarz\", and \"Pantarhei\"; 16 May 1864 \u2013 2 April 1937) was an Austrian writer and journalist, Jewish thinker and nationalist. His life had three main phases, representing a progression in his thinking: a Zionist phase (c. 1883 \u2013 c. 1900); a Jewish cultural autonomy phase (c. 1900 \u2013 c. 1914) which included the promotion of the Yiddish language; and religious phase (c. 1914\u20131937) when he turned to Orthodox Judaism and became staunchly anti-Zionist.\nHe married Rosa Korngut (1869\u20131934) and they had three sons: Solomon (Salomo) Birnbaum (1891\u20131989), Menachem Birnbaum (1893\u20131944), and Uriel Birnbaum (1894\u20131956).", "Q163798": "Thrissur ((pronunciation ), also known by its former name Trichur, is a city and the headquarters of the Thrissur district in Kerala, India. Known as \u201cGod\u2019s Own Town\u201d, it is famous for the Pooram festival, one of the most celebrated festivals in the world. It is the third largest urban agglomeration in Kerala after Kochi and Calicut urban areas and the 20th largest in India.The city is built around a 65-acre (26 ha) hillock called the Thekkinkadu Maidan which seats the Vadakkumnathan temple. It is located 268 kilometres (167 mi) towards north-west of the state capital city Trivandrum.\nThrissur was once the capital of the Kingdom of Cochin.\nThrissur is known as \u201ccultural capital of Kerala\u201d the because of its cultural, spiritual and religious leanings throughout history. One of its main cultural events is the Thrissur Pooram, which attracts quite a number of tourists and travellers.", "Q375156": "A Very Special Favor is a 1965 romantic comedy film directed by Michael Gordon and starring Rock Hudson and Leslie Caron.", "Q180403": "Pieces of April is a 2003 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Peter Hedges. Marking Hedges' directorial debut, the film stars Katie Holmes, Derek Luke, Sean Hayes, Alison Pill, Oliver Platt and Patricia Clarkson. The film follows April (Holmes), as she attempts to prepare a Thanksgiving dinner for her estranged family.\nThe film premiered at the 2003 Sundance Film Festival, and received mostly positive reviews. It grossed over US$3.2 million worldwide on a $300,000 budget. Patricia Clarkson received numerous nominations for Best Supporting Actress for her role, including at the Academy Awards and the Golden Globe Awards, and also won the title at many smaller film awards.\n\n", "Q17090809": "Gilded Lilys is an American period drama television pilot that was in development for ABC. The pilot was created and produced by Shonda Rhimes. The series was not picked up by ABC.", "Q230378": "Catherine Ann Keener (born March 23, 1959) is an American actress. Considered one of the independent film industry's most reliable performers, Keener is known for portraying disgruntled and melancholic yet sympathetic women in independent films, as well as supporting roles in studio films. She has been twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her roles as Maxine Lund in Being John Malkovich (1999) and Harper Lee in Capote (2005). \nKeener also appeared in the films The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Into the Wild (2007), Synecdoche, New York (2008), and Get Out (2017), which were all well received by critics. Keener is the muse of director Nicole Holofcener, having appeared in each of Holofcener's first five films. She also appeared in each of director Tom DiCillo's first four films, and three films directed by Spike Jonze.", "Q40811": "Sukhumi or Sokhumi (Abkhazian: \u0410\u049f\u04d9\u0430, Aqwa; Georgian: \u10e1\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10d8, [s\u0254xumi] (listen); Russian: \u0421\u0443\u0445\u0443\u0301\u043c(\u0438), Sukhum(i) [s\u028a\u02c8xum(\u02b2\u026a)]) is a city on the Black Sea coast. It is the capital of the breakaway Republic of Abkhazia, which has controlled it since the 1992-93 war in Abkhazia, although most of the international community considers it legally part of Georgia.\nSukhumi's history can be traced back to the 6th century BC, when it was settled by Greeks, who named it Dioscurias. During this time and the subsequent Roman period, much of the city disappeared under the Black Sea. The city was named Tskhumi when it became part of the Kingdom of Abkhazia and then the Kingdom of Georgia. Contested by local princes, it became part of the Ottoman Empire in the 1570s, where it remained until it was conquered by the Russian Empire in 1810. Following a period of conflict during the Russian Civil War, it became part of the independent Georgia, which included Abkhazia, in 1918. In 1921, the Democratic Republic of Georgia was occupied by the Soviet Bolshevik forces from Russia. Within the Soviet Union, it was regarded as a holiday resort. As the Soviet Union broke up in the early 1990s, the city suffered significant damage during the Abkhaz\u2013Georgian conflict. The present-day population of 60,000 is only half of the population living there towards the end of Soviet rule.\n\n", "Q71372": "Lily Braun (2 July 1865 \u2013 8 August 1916), born Amalie von Kretschmann, was a German feminist writer and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).", "Q37327": "Samuel Barclay Beckett (; 13 April 1906 \u2013 22 December 1989) was an Irish novelist, playwright, short story writer, theatre director, poet, and literary translator. A resident of Paris for most of his adult life, he wrote in both French and English.\nBeckett's work offers a bleak, tragi-comic outlook on human existence, often coupled with black comedy and gallows humour, and became increasingly minimalist in his later career. He is considered one of the last modernist writers, and one of the key figures in what Martin Esslin called the \"Theatre of the Absurd\".Beckett was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature \"for his writing, which\u2014in new forms for the novel and drama\u2014in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation.\" He was elected Saoi of Aosd\u00e1na in 1984.", "Q3299582": "Paul T. Buchheit is an American computer engineer and entrepreneur who created Gmail. He developed the original prototype of Google AdSense as part of his work on Gmail. He also suggested Google's former company motto \"Don't be evil\" in a 2000 meeting on company values. That motto was initially coined in 1999 by engineer Amit Patel.", "Q879800": "Bj\u00f8rn Berge (born in Sveio, Norway on 23 September 1968) is a Norwegian guitarist and blues artist.", "Q3357947": "Kirkelig Kulturverksted (KKV) is a Norwegian company and record label, founded in 1974 by Erik Hillestad. Among the musicians who have issued records on the label are Ketil Bj\u00f8rnstad, Kari Bremnes, Erik Bye, Ole Paus, Sigvart Dagsland, Bj\u00f8rn Eidsv\u00e5g, Knut Reiersrud, Deeyah and SKRUK.", "Q85595": "Franz Wickhoff (7 May 1853 \u2013 6 April 1909) was an Austrian art historian, and is considered a member of the Vienna School of Art History.", "Q112607": "Walter Kohl (born 16 July 1963 in Ludwigshafen am Rhein) is a German financial analyst, businessman and author. He is the elder of the two sons of the former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Hannelore Kohl, and the brother of Peter Kohl.\nWalter Kohl was formerly married to Professor Christine Volkmann, the UNESCO Chair for Entrepreneurship and Intercultural Management. They have a son, Johannes Volkmann, who is active in politics for the CDU. Walter Kohl is married in his second marriage to the Korean-born Kyung-Sook Kohl (n\u00e9e Hwang).\nAfter his military service, he attended college at Harvard University from 1985 to 1989. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and majored in economics and history. In 1990 he obtained a master's degree in economics at the University of Vienna. He subsequently worked as a financial analyst focusing on the oil and gas industry and capital markets at Morgan Stanley's New York City office. In 1993, he obtained an MBA at INSEAD in France. He returned to Germany in 1994. In 1999, he founded a consulting firm with his father Helmut Kohl. The cooperation ended in 2005, when he founded a company with his second wife, Kohl & Hwang.\nIn 2011 he published the book Leben oder gelebt werden about his family, which received much media attention and became a bestseller in Germany. His second book Leben was du f\u00fchlst was published in 2013. In 2019 he joined the Christian Democratic Union of Germany and published his first political book in February 2020.", "Q271324": "Hedda Hopper (born Elda Furry; May 2, 1885 \u2013 February 1, 1966) was an American actress and gossip columnist. At the height of her power in the 1940s, her readership was 35 million. A strong supporter of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) hearings, Hopper named suspected communists and was a major proponent of the Hollywood blacklist. Hopper continued to write gossip until the end of her life, her work appearing in many magazines and later on radio. She had an extended feud with her arch-rival Louella Parsons.", "Q11486": "Suw Charman-Anderson (born 15 April 1971) is the former Executive Director of the Open Rights Group, a campaign group based in London. She is also a journalist, social software consultant, blogger and public speaker. On 15 February 2008 she married Kevin Anderson. Named one of the \"50 most influential Britons in technology\" by The Daily Telegraph, she has also worked to gain recognition for other women in technological fields, including by founding Ada Lovelace Day.", "Q1897276": "Dame Marie Roslyn Bashir, (born 1 December 1930) is the former and second longest-serving Governor of New South Wales. Born in Narrandera, New South Wales, Bashir graduated from the University of Sydney in 1956 and held various medical positions, with a particular emphasis in psychiatry. In 1993 Bashir was appointed the Clinical Director of Mental Health Services for the Central Sydney Area Health Service, a position she held until appointed governor on 1 March 2001. She has also served as the Chancellor of the University of Sydney (2007\u20132012).\nBashir retired on 1 October 2014, and was succeeded as governor by General David Hurley.", "Q343382": "Stephen K. Hayes (born September 9, 1949) is an American martial artist and writer.", "Q434423": "Eleonora Giorgi (born 21 October 1953) is an Italian actress, screenwriter and film director.", "Q528778": "Mohammed Hanif (born November 1964) is a British Pakistani writer and journalist who writes a monthly opinion piece in The New York Times.Hanif is the author of the critically acclaimed book A Case of Exploding Mangoes, which was long-listed for the Booker Prize, shortlisted for the Guardian First Book Award, and won the Commonwealth Prize for Best Book. His second book, Our Lady of Alice Bhatti, won the Wellcome Book Prize. He also worked as a correspondent for the BBC News based in Karachi and was the writer for its acclaimed drama and the feature film, The Long Night. He work has been published by The New York Times, The Daily Telegraph, The New Yorker and The Washington Post. His play The Dictator's Wife has been staged at the Hampstead Theatre.", "Q975790": "Robert Fitzgerald Earle MBE (born 27 January 1965) is an English-born Jamaican former international footballer who played as a midfielder. He played 578 league games in senior club football, scoring 136 goals.\nA former youth player with Stoke City, Earle broke into the professional game with Port Vale in 1982. He spent nine years at the Burslem based club, helping \"The Vale\" to promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1982\u201383 and 1985\u201386, and out of the Third Division via the play-offs in 1989; he was later voted the club's PFA Fans' Favourites. He moved on to Wimbledon in 1991, where he also spent nine years. He made nearly 300 league games for each club, scoring 77 and 59 goals respectively. He also represented Jamaica on 8 occasions between 1997 and 1998, scoring one international goal. He appeared in the 1998 World Cup, scoring his nation's first ever goal in the finals.\nFollowing his retirement in 2000, Earle has established himself in the world of football journalism. He regularly appears in print, on the radio and on television. He was dismissed from his punditry role with ITV in 2010 after he passed ITV World Cup tickets to a third party. After spending time as television broadcast analyst for the Portland Timbers of Major League Soccer, he is now a commentator for the Premier League on NBCSN.\n\n", "Q64019": "Andermatt (Romansh: Ursera ) is a mountain village and municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. At an altitude of 1437 meters above sea level, Andermatt is located at the center of the Saint-Gotthard Massif and the historical center cross of north-south and east-west traverses of Switzerland. It is some 28 km (17 mi) south of Altdorf, the capital of Uri.", "Q263720": "Jessica \"Jessy\" Schram (born January 15, 1986) is an American actress and model. Her most notable roles include Hannah Griffith in Veronica Mars, Rachel Seybolt in Life, Karen Nadler in Falling Skies and Cinderella/Ashley Boyd in Once Upon a Time.", "Q146256": "Zenzile Miriam Makeba (4 March 1932 \u2013 9 November 2008), nicknamed Mama Africa, was a South African singer, songwriter, actress, United Nations goodwill ambassador, and civil rights activist. Associated with musical genres including Afropop, jazz, and world music, she was an advocate against apartheid and white-minority government in South Africa.\nBorn in Johannesburg to Swazi and Xhosa parents, Makeba was forced to find employment as a child after the death of her father. She had a brief and allegedly abusive first marriage at the age of 17, gave birth to her only child in 1950, and survived breast cancer. Her vocal talent had been recognized when she was a child, and she began singing professionally in the 1950s, with the Cuban Brothers, the Manhattan Brothers, and an all-woman group, the Skylarks, performing a mixture of jazz, traditional African melodies, and Western popular music. In 1959, Makeba had a brief role in the anti-apartheid film Come Back, Africa, which brought her international attention, and led to her performing in Venice, London, and New York City. In London, she met the American singer Harry Belafonte, who became a mentor and colleague. She moved to New York City, where she became immediately popular, and recorded her first solo album in 1960. Her attempt to return to South Africa that year for her mother's funeral was prevented by the country's government.\nMakeba's career flourished in the United States, and she released several albums and songs, her most popular being \"Pata Pata\" (1967). Along with Belafonte she received a Grammy Award for her 1965 album An Evening with Belafonte/Makeba. She testified against the South African government at the United Nations and became involved in the civil rights movement. She married Stokely Carmichael, a leader of the Black Panther Party, in 1968. As a result, she lost support among white Americans and faced hostility from the US government, leading her and Carmichael to move to Guinea. She continued to perform, mostly in African countries, including at several independence celebrations. She began to write and perform music more explicitly critical of apartheid; the 1977 song \"Soweto Blues\", written by her former husband Hugh Masekela, was about the Soweto uprising. After apartheid was dismantled in 1990, Makeba returned to South Africa. She continued recording and performing, including a 1991 album with Nina Simone and Dizzy Gillespie, and appeared in the 1992 film Sarafina!. She was named a UN goodwill ambassador in 1999, and campaigned for humanitarian causes. She died of a heart attack during a 2008 concert in Italy.\nMakeba was among the first African musicians to receive worldwide recognition. She brought African music to a Western audience, and popularized the world music and Afropop genres. She also made popular several songs critical of apartheid, and became a symbol of opposition to the system, particularly after her right to return was revoked. Upon her death, former South African President Nelson Mandela said that \"her music inspired a powerful sense of hope in all of us.\"", "Q367234": "Marian Hemar (1901\u20131972), born Marian Hescheles (other pen names: Jan Maria\u0144ski, and Marian Wallenrod), was a Polish poet, journalist, playwright, comedy writer, and songwriter. Hemar himself stated that before the outbreak of World War II he had already written 1,200 songs, including such widely popular hits as Mo\u017ce kiedy\u015b innym razem (Maybe Some Other Time) and Upi\u0107 si\u0119 warto (Let's get drunk). Hemar was a final nom de plume (a pseudonym) adopted by Marian in his literary career. It was formed from the first two letters of his last name, Hescheles, and the first three letters of his given name, Marian.", "Q1531038": "Arthur Glenn Andrews (January 15, 1909 \u2013 September 25, 2008), usually known as Glenn Andrews, was an American politician and a United States Representative from Alabama.\n\n", "Q166186": "Washington is the county seat of Wilkes County, Georgia, United States. Under its original name Heard's Fort, it was briefly designated as the state capital during the American Revolutionary War. It is noted as the place where the Confederacy voted to dissolve itself, effectively ending the American Civil War.\nThe population was 4,134 as of the 2010 census. The city is often referred to as Washington-Wilkes, to distinguish it from other places named Washington.", "Q377027": "Oleg Ivanovich Betin (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d) (born August 25, 1950) is a governor of Tambov Oblast in Russia. He was a member of Our Home \u2013 Russia party. In 1995 he became governor. He was re-elected on December 7, 2003 with around 70% of the votes cast. Under Betin, Tambov Oblast provided food shipments to war-torn Chechnya in 2000.", "Q156045": "Eleanor of Austria (15 November 1498 \u2013 25 February 1558), also called Eleanor of Castile, was born an Archduchess of Austria and Infanta of Castile from the House of Habsburg, and subsequently became Queen consort of Portugal (1518\u20131521) and of France (1530\u20131547). She also held the Duchy of Touraine (1547\u20131558) in dower. She is called \"Leonor\" in Spanish and Portuguese and \"El\u00e9onore\" or \"Ali\u00e9nor\" in French.", "Q242936": "Susan Victoria Lucci (born December 23, 1946) is an American actress, television host, author and entrepreneur, best known for portraying Erica Kane on the ABC daytime drama All My Children from 1970 to 2011. The character is considered an icon, and Lucci has been called \"Daytime's Leading Lady\" by TV Guide, with The New York Times and the Los Angeles Times citing her as the highest-paid actor in daytime television. As early as 1991, her salary had been reported as over $1 million a year.In 1996, TV Guide ranked Lucci number 37 on its 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time list. In 2005, she received a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and was inducted into the Broadcasting Hall of Fame in 2006. She was named one of VH1's 200 Top Icons of All-Time and one of Barbara Walters's Ten Most Fascinating People. She has also played roles in made-for-TV movies, hosted many shows and guest starred on television comedy series, including Saturday Night Live and Hot in Cleveland. She also has her own line of hair care products, perfumes, lingerie and skin care, called The Susan Lucci Collection. As of 2012, Lucci hosted Deadly Affairs, and starred as Genevieve Delatour in the Lifetime television series Devious Maids.In 2015, Lucci was inducted as a Disney Legend.", "Q392915": "Broken Arrow is a 1996 American action thriller film directed by John Woo, written by Graham Yost, and starring John Travolta, Christian Slater, and Samantha Mathis. The film's main themes include the theft of two American nuclear weapons, the attempts of U.S. military authorities to recover them, and the feud between Travolta and Slater's characters. The film was a commercial success despite mixed reviews.", "Q565678": "Jos Van Immerseel (born 9 November 1945) is a Belgian harpsichordist, pianist and conductor.\nVan Immerseel studied organ, piano and harpsichord at the Antwerp Conservatory under Flor Peeters, Eug\u00e8ne Traey and harpsichordist and musicologist Kenneth Gilbert. He created the Collegium Musicum there, developing his interest in Renaissance and Baroque music, later expanding his activities to include the Classical and early Romantic eras. He is now in demand as a fortepianist in concert halls across Europe, where he is known for his refined sensitivity to the rhetorical aspects of music and for his skills in improvisation. (His cadenzas were singled out in reviews of his Beethoven concerto recordings.) Over the years, he has acquired a unique collection of period keyboard instruments, which travel with him for concerts and CD recordings.\nIn 1977, he attracted international attention when he conducted Monteverdi's L'Orfeo in the former Royal Flemish Opera House in Antwerp. This series of 18 performances established a new standard which remains to this day.\nFrom 1980-1985, he was the artistic director of the Sweelinck Conservatory of Amsterdam.\nIn 1987 Van Immerseel established the \"period instrument\" ensemble Anima Eterna, which he continues to lead. This ensemble has become well-known and achieved a world-wide reputation particularly for the CD series of Mozart's complete piano concerti (with van Immerseel as soloist and conductor).\nDuring 1999 they toured Europe with performances of Beethoven symphonies.\nIn addition to his concertising, Van Immerseel is professor at the Antwerp Conservatory, where he uses historical instruments from the nearby Vleeshuis Museum to give masterclasses. He has also taught at the Sweelinck Conservatorium in Amsterdam and the Conservatoire National Sup\u00e9rieur in Paris, as well as given masterclasses at festivals in La Roque-d'Anth\u00e9ron, Utrecht, Sopron and Ancona.\nVan Immerseel appears on Sony Classical's Vivarte imprint as a solo performer, as a soloist with Tafelmusik and as a participant in chamber music. Among his partners were: Midori Seiler (violin), Claire Chevallier (piano duo), Lisa Shklyaver (clarinet), Thomas Bauer (baritone), Yeree Suh (soprano), and Chouchane Siranossian (violin).\nSince winning first prize at the inaugural Paris International Harpsichord Competition in 1973, Jos Van Immerseel has established an international career as a fortepianist and conductor specializing in music of the Baroque and Classical eras. Accomplished on the organ and piano as well as harpsichord and fortepiano, Van Immerseel has in particular gained a reputation for his performances of Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert on Sony Classical. Most recently he has appeared on Vivarte with Anner Bylsma in performances of Beethoven's complete cello sonatas (S2K 60761) and with L'Archibudelli in performances of Schubert's \"Trout\" Quintet and \"Arpeggione\" Sonata (SK 63361). His recent cycle of Beethoven Piano concertos with Tafelmusik and Bruno Weil (Nos. 1 and 2: SK 68250; Nos. 3 and 4: SK 62824; No. 5: SK 63365) elicited praise for his stylistic sensitivity and his musical sensibility. His recording of Mozart's late piano works, Mozart: The Vienna Years (S2K 62879), prompted Classic CD to write that Van Immerseel is \"among the most winning and authoritative champions of the fortepiano\".\nSince 2002 he has been artistic director of the Collection Anima Eterna for the Parisian label Zig-Zag Territories.\nIn 2010, the city of Bremen awarded him the Prize of the Musikfest Bremen for his career.\n\n", "Q608376": "B\u0142onie [\u02c8bw\u0254\u0272e] is a town in Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, with a population of 12,354.The town of B\u0142onie was first mentioned in the 11th century, and already in the 12th century constituted a sizeable settlement with the first church founded in 1257 by the Prince Konrad II of Masovia. The church built in the Early Gothic style exists to this day, although rebuilt several times. The city rights were granted to B\u0142onie by Prince W\u0142adys\u0142aw of Krakow on 2 May 1338..", "Q610539": "Arthur Edward Pearse Brome Weigall (1880 \u2013 3 January 1934) was an English Egyptologist, stage designer, journalist and author whose works span the whole range from histories of Ancient Egypt through historical biographies, guide-books, popular novels, screenplays and lyrics.", "Q62468": "Daniel Paul Schreber (German: [\u02c8\u0283\u0280e\u02d0b\u0250]; 25 July 1842 \u2013 14 April 1911) was a German judge who suffered from three distinct mental illnesses. The first of these, in 1884-1885 was what was then diagnosed as dementia praecox (later known as paranoid schizophrenia or schizophrenia, paranoid type). He described his second mental illness, from 1893\u20131902, making also a brief reference to the first disorder from 1884\u20131885, in his book Memoirs of My Nervous Illness (original German title Denkw\u00fcrdigkeiten eines Nervenkranken). The Memoirs became an influential book in the history of psychiatry and psychoanalysis thanks to its interpretation by Sigmund Freud.\nThere is no personal account of his third disorder, in 1907\u20131911, but some details about it can be found in the Hospital Chart (in the Appendix to Lothane's book). During his second illness he was treated by Prof. Paul Flechsig (Leipzig University Clinic), Dr. Pierson (Lindenhof), and Dr. Guido Weber (Royal Public Asylum, Sonnenstein).", "Q947044": "Jay Livingston (born Jacob Harold Levison, March 28, 1915 \u2013 October 17, 2001) was an American composer best known as half of a songwriting duo with Ray Evans that specialized in songs composed for films. Livingston wrote music and Evans the lyrics.", "Q23352": "Sir George Houston Reid (25 February 1845 \u2013 12 September 1918) was an Australian politician who led the Reid Government as the fourth Prime Minister of Australia from 1904 to 1905, having previously been Premier of New South Wales from 1894 to 1899. He led the Free Trade Party from 1891 to 1908.Reid was born in Johnstone, Renfrewshire, Scotland. He and his family immigrated to Australia when he was young. They initially settled in Melbourne, but moved to Sydney when Reid was 13, at which point he left school and began working as a clerk. He later joined the New South Wales civil service, and rose through the ranks to become secretary of the Attorney-General's Department. Reid was also something of a public intellectual, publishing several works in defence of liberalism and free trade. He began studying law in 1876 and was admitted to the bar in 1879. In 1880, he resigned from the civil service to run for parliament, winning election to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly.\nFrom 1883 to 1884, Reid served as Minister for Public Instruction in the government of Alexander Stuart. He joined the Free Trade Party of Henry Parkes in 1887, but refused to serve in Parkes' governments due to personal enmity. When Parkes resigned as party leader in 1891, Reid was elected in his place. He became premier after the 1894 election and remained in office for just over five years. Despite never winning majority government, Reid was able to pass a number of domestic reforms concerning the civil service and public finances. He was an advocate of federation and played a part in drafting the new constitution, where he became known as a strong defender of his colony's interests. In 1901, he was elected to the new federal parliament representing the Division of East Sydney.\nReid retained the leadership of the Free Trade Party after federation, and consequently became Australia's first Leader of the Opposition. For the first few years, the Protectionist Party governed with the support of the Labor Party. Alfred Deakin's Protectionist minority government collapsed in April 1904, and he was briefly succeeded by Labor's Chris Watson, who proved unable to govern and resigned after four months. As a result, Reid became prime minister in August 1904, heading yet another minority government. He included four Protectionists in his cabinet, but was unable to achieve much before his government was brought down in July 1905. One notable exception was the passage of the landmark Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration ACT, which dealt with industrial relations.\nAt the 1906 election, Reid secured the most votes in the House of Representatives and the equal-most seats, but was well short of a majority and could not form government. He resigned as party leader in 1908, after opposing the formation of the Commonwealth Liberal Party (a merger with the Protectionists). Reid accepted an appointment as Australia's first High Commissioner to the United Kingdom in 1910, and remained in the position until 1916. He subsequently won election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, serving until his sudden death two years later.", "Q371456": "Fright Night is a 1985 American horror film written and directed by Tom Holland (in his directorial debut) and produced by Herb Jaffe. It stars William Ragsdale, Chris Sarandon, Roddy McDowall, Amanda Bearse, Jonathan Stark, Dorothy Fielding, Stephen Geoffreys, and Art Evans. The film follows young Charley Brewster, who discovers that his next-door neighbor Jerry Dandrige is a vampire. When no one believes him, Charley decides to get Peter Vincent, a TV show host who acted in films as a vampire hunter, to stop Jerry's killing spree.\nThe film was released on August 2, 1985 and grossed $24.9 million at the box office. Since its release, it has received positive reviews from critics and has become a cult classic. Fright Night, as a franchise, has grown to include a sequel, Fright Night Part 2, in 1988, and a remake in 2011, which was in turn followed by Fright Night 2: New Blood in 2013. In 1989, a Bollywood remake was produced in Hindi entitled Wohi Bhayakar Raat (\u0935\u0939\u0940 \u092d\u0902\u092f\u0915\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0924), starring Kiran Kumar as the vampire.", "Q116461": "Claude Janiak (born 30 October 1948) is a Swiss politician of Polish origin, lawyer and President of the Swiss National Council for the 2005/2006 term. Member of the Social Democratic Party (SPS), he was elected to the National Council in 1999 in the canton of Basel-Land and reelected in 2003. In 2007, he was elected to the Swiss Council of States.\nHe studied law at the University of Basel (1967\u20131971) and in London. In 1975, he completed his doctorate degree. He is attorney-at-law in Binningen since 1978. From 1991, he is a member of the board of the cantonal bank of Basel-Land (Basellandschaftliche Kantonalbank).\nHe was a member of the cantonal parliament of Basel-Landschaft (1981\u20131987 and 1994\u20131999, president 1998/1999), of the city parliament of Binningen (1988\u20131995), and of the executive of Bubendorf (1976\u20131979).\nBorn in Basel of Polish father and a Swiss mother, he acquired Swiss citizenship only in 1956 (he has also been a Polish citizen since birth). Today, he is a citizen of Basel and Binningen.\nHe was the first openly homosexual President of the Swiss National Council and lives in a registered partnership.", "Q184103": "Christina Ricci (; born February 12, 1980) is an American actress and producer. She is known for playing unconventional characters with a dark edge. Ricci is the recipient of several accolades, including a National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress and a Satellite Award for Best Actress, as well as Golden Globe, Primetime Emmy, Screen Actors Guild, and Independent Spirit Award nominations.\nRicci made her film debut at the age of ten in Mermaids (1990), which was followed by a breakout role as Wednesday Addams in The Addams Family (1991) and its sequel. Subsequent appearances in Casper and Now and Then (both 1995) brought her fame as a \"teen icon\". At 17, she moved into adult-oriented roles with The Ice Storm (1997), which led to parts in films such as Buffalo '66, Pecker and The Opposite of Sex (all 1998). She garnered acclaim for her performances in Sleepy Hollow (1999) and Monster (2003). Her other credits include Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), Prozac Nation (2001), Pumpkin (2002), Anything Else (2003), Black Snake Moan (2006), Speed Racer (2008), and The Smurfs 2 (2013). Despite being known predominantly for her work in independent productions, Ricci has appeared in numerous box office hits \u2013 to date, her films have grossed in excess of US$1.4 billion.On television, Ricci appeared as Liza Bump in the final season of Ally McBeal (2002), and received acclaim for her guest role on Grey's Anatomy in 2006. She also starred as Maggie Ryan on the ABC series Pan Am (2011\u201312), and produced and starred in the series The Lizzie Borden Chronicles (2015) and Z: The Beginning of Everything (2017). As well as voicing characters in several animated films, Ricci provided voices for the video games The Legend of Spyro: Dawn of the Dragon and Speed Racer: The Videogame (both 2008). In 2010, she made her Broadway debut in Time Stands Still.\nRicci married James Heerdegen in October 2013 and gave birth to a son in August 2014. She is the national spokesperson for the Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN).", "Q87396": "Lore Lorentz (12 September 1920 \u2013 22 February 1994) was a German cabaret artist/standup comedian.She was born in M\u00e4hrisch-Ostrau in Austria-Hungary (today Ostrava in the Czech Republic), as Lore Schirmer. She studied history, German literature and philosophy in Berlin and Vienna. In Berlin she met Kay Lorentz, who became her husband in 1944.Together they founded the famous \"Kom(m)\u00f6dchen\" in D\u00fcsseldorf in 1947. It was one of the first political cabarets in Western Germany after the Second World War.Until 1983 Lore and Kay Lorentz were not only the heads of the Komm\u00f6dchen, they were part of the ensemble at the same time.\nFrom 1983, she started with solo programs. One of her most famous programs consisted exclusively of texts written by Heinrich Heine; even though he had written them more than a century before Lorentz' program was performed, they all referred to current topics. \nStarting 1976 she taught at the chanson and music at Folkwang Hochschule.She received several prizes:\n\n1981: Ehrenpreis des Deutschen Kleinkunstpreises\n1986: Staatspreis des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen\n1989: Gro\u00dfer Kulturpreis der Sparkassenstiftung des Rheinischen Sparkassen- und GiroverbandesKay and Lore Lorentz rejected the Bundesverdienstkreuz (Federal Cross of Merit) in 1976.\nShe died in 1994 in D\u00fcsseldorf of pneumonia.\nOn Audio CD:\n\nDenk ich an Deutschland (A cabaret evening with textes of Heinrich Heine). CD. ISBN 3-931265-00-5 (sold out)\nChansons. CD. ISBN 3-931265-01-3\nFrivolit\u00e4ten \u2013 10 Diseusen \u2013 10 Chansons. LP. Polydor J 73 555", "Q941421": "The Faint is an American indie rock band. Formed in Omaha, Nebraska, the band consists of Todd Fink, Graham Ulicny, Dapose and Clark Baechle. The Faint was originally known as Norman Bailer and included Conor Oberst (of Bright Eyes, with whom the Faint toured in 2005). He quit shortly after the band was formed, though the Faint continued to share a spot with Bright Eyes on Saddle Creek Records.", "Q192775": "The University of Glasgow (abbreviated as Glas. in post-nominals) is a public research university in Glasgow, Scotland. Founded by papal bull in 1451, it is the fourth-oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's four ancient universities. Along with the universities of Edinburgh, Aberdeen, and St Andrews, the university was part of the Scottish Enlightenment during the 18th century.\nIn common with universities of the pre-modern era, Glasgow originally educated students primarily from wealthy backgrounds, however, it became a pioneer in British higher education in the 19th century by also providing for the needs of students from the growing urban and commercial middle class. Glasgow University served all of these students by preparing them for professions: the law, medicine, civil service, teaching, and the church. It also trained smaller but growing numbers for careers in science and engineering. The annual income of the institution for 2017\u201318 was \u00a3626.5 million of which \u00a3180.8 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3610.1 million. It is a member of Universitas 21, the Russell Group and the Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities.\nThe university was originally located in the city's High Street; since 1870, its main campus has been at Gilmorehill in the City's West End. Additionally, a number of university buildings are located elsewhere, such as the Veterinary School in Bearsden, and the Crichton Campus in Dumfries.Alumni or former staff of the university include James Wilson (a founding father of the United States), philosopher Francis Hutcheson, engineer James Watt, philosopher and economist Adam Smith, physicist Lord Kelvin, surgeon Joseph Lister, seven Nobel laureates, and three British Prime Ministers.", "Q263734": "Nu metal (sometimes stylized as n\u00fc-metal) is a subgenre of alternative metal that combines elements of heavy metal music with elements of other music genres such as hip hop, alternative rock, funk, industrial, and grunge. Nu metal bands have drawn elements and influences from a variety of musical styles, including multiple genres of heavy metal. Nu metal rarely features guitar solos; the genre is heavily syncopated and based on guitar riffs. Many nu metal guitarists use seven-string guitars that are down-tuned to play a heavier sound. DJs are occasionally featured in nu metal to provide instrumentation such as sampling, turntable scratching and electronic backgrounds. Vocal styles in nu metal include singing, rapping, screaming and growling. Nu metal is one of the key genres of the new wave of American heavy metal.\nNu metal became popular in the late 1990s with bands and artists such as Korn, Limp Bizkit, and Kid Rock all releasing albums that sold millions of copies. Nu metal's popularity continued during the early 2000s, with bands such as Papa Roach, Staind, and P.O.D. all selling multi-platinum albums, and came to a peak with Linkin Park's diamond-selling album Hybrid Theory. However, by the mid-2000s, the oversaturation of bands combined with the under-performance of a number of high-profile releases led to nu metal's decline, leading to the rise of metalcore and many nu metal bands disbanding or abandoning their established sound in favor of other genres.\nDuring the 2010s, there was a nu metal revival; many bands that combine nu metal with other genres (for example, metalcore and deathcore) emerged and some nu metal bands from the 1990s and early 2000s returned to the nu metal sound. Bands like Staind, Linkin Park and Papa Roach went back to making nu metal songs after abandoning the genre. Bands like Of Mice & Men, Emmure, Issues and My Ticket Home would combine nu metal with metalcore or deathcore. In the 2010s, nu metal bands like From Ashes to New, Islander and Ded emerged. Nu metal received criticism from a lot of fans of heavy metal and nu metal was often labelled with pejorative words like \"mallcore\". Some nu metal musicians did not view their own music as heavy metal and some nu metal musicians rejected the nu metal label.\n\n", "Q1153338": "Grand Hustle Records (formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment), also known as Hustle Gang Music, is an Atlanta, Georgia-based hip hop record label, founded in 2003, by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter. Up until December 2012, the label was distributed by Atlantic Records. It currently operates as an independent record label. The label is home to artists such as B.o.B, Young Dro, Travis Scott and Trae tha Truth, the latter of whom also serves as the label's vice president. The label also houses a roster of record producers, including DJ Toomp (on a non-exclusive basis), Lil' C, Mars, Nard & B, TrackSlayerz and more.\nThe label has released 32 studio albums in total, with 14 of them being certified gold or higher, by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Additionally, the label has released six albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, namely King (2006), T.I. vs. T.I.P. (2007), Paper Trail (2008), The Adventures of Bobby Ray (2010), Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight (2016) and Astroworld (2018). Furthermore, Grand Hustle has released multiple Top 40 hit singles, including \"Bring 'Em Out\", \"What You Know\", \"Shoulder Lean\", \"Whatever You Like\", \"Live Your Life\", \"Dead and Gone\", \"Nothin' on You\", \"Airplanes\", \"Magic\", \"Strange Clouds\", \"Both of Us\", \"Antidote\", \"Sicko Mode\" and more.", "Q457812": "Susana Ch\u00e1vez Castillo (November 5, 1974 \u2013 c. January 6, 2011) was a Mexican poet and human rights activist who was born and lived most of her life in her hometown of Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez.She is credited with authorship of the phrase \"Not one more\", which was used by the civil rights organizations and their supporters struggling to clarify the plight of women in Ju\u00e1rez and to end a wave of killings aimed specifically at women since 1993.She was found murdered and mutilated in the \"Colonia Cuauht\u00e9moc\" section of the city of Ju\u00e1rez where she was born and lived most of her life. Positive identification of the remains took place on January 11 of 2011. She was 36 years old.", "Q273527": "HEC Montr\u00e9al (formerly French: \u00c9cole des hautes \u00e9tudes commerciales de Montr\u00e9al) is a Canadian business school located in Montreal, Canada. Founded in 1907, HEC Montr\u00e9al is the graduate business school of the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al and known as the first established school of management in Canada.\nThe business school offers undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate programs including Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA), Master of Science in Administration (MSc), Master of Management (MM), Master of Business Administration (MBA) and PhD in Administration, in addition to a joint Executive MBA program with McGill University.\nHEC Montr\u00e9al was ranked first among Canada's business schools for its MBA program by Canadian Business in 2016, 17th worldwide among non-US business schools by Forbes and among Top 30 international business schools by Bloomberg BusinessWeek in 2015.", "Q235572": "Geraldine Margaret Agnew-Somerville (born 19 May 1967) is a British actress. She is perhaps best known for her roles in the film Gosford Park (2001) and the Harry Potter film series (2001\u20132011). Her other notable roles were in My Week with Marilyn (2011) and Grace of Monaco (2014).\nIn 1995, Somerville was nominated for a BAFTA Award for playing Jane Penhaligon in the television series Cracker from 1993 to 1995.", "Q1238247": "Mohammad-Reza Shajarian (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u200e; Persian pronunciation: [moh\u00e6m\u02d0\u00e6d \u027ee\u02c8z\u0252\u02d0 \u0283\u00e6d\u0292\u00e6\u027ei\u02c8\u0252\u02d0n]) (23 September 1940) is an Iranian classical singer, composer and Ostad (master) of Persian traditional music. He has been called \"Iran's greatest living maestro of Persian classical music.\" Shajarian is also known for his skills in Persian calligraphy, and humanitarian activities.\nShajarian was born in Mashhad, Iran, and started singing at the age of five, under the supervision of his father. At the age of twelve, he began studying the traditional classical repertoire known as the Radif. Shajarian started his singing career in 1959 at Radio Khorasan, rising to prominence in the 1960s with his distinct style of singing. His main teachers were Ahmad Ebadi, Esmaeil Mehrtash, Abdollah Davami, and Nour-Ali Boroumand. He also learned the vocal styles of singers from previous generations, including Reza Gholi Mirza Zelli, Fariborz Manouchehri, Ghamar Molouk Vaziri, Eghbal Azar, and Taj Isfahani. He has cited legendary Iranian tar musician Jalil Shahnaz as highly influential to his development, indicating that he has often tried to mimic Shahnaz's playing style in his singing.\nShajarian has collaborated with Parviz Meshkatian, Mohammad Reza Lotfi, Hossein Alizadeh, and Faramarz Payvar. He is recognised as skilled singer in the challenging traditional Dastgah style. In 1999 UNESCO in France presented him with the Picasso Award and in 2006 with the UNESCO Mozart Medal.\nIn March 2016, Shajarian revealed that he has had kidney cancer for the past fifteen years. He appeared with shaved hair in his Nowrouz congratulation video, published on his YouTube account.", "Q9488": "Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar ( (listen); born 24 April 1973) is an Indian former international cricketer and a former captain of the Indian national team. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket. He is the highest run scorer of all time in International cricket. \nTendulkar took up cricket at the age of eleven, made his Test debut on 15 November 1989 against Pakistan in Karachi at the age of sixteen, and went on to represent Mumbai domestically and India internationally for close to twenty-four years. He is the only player to have scored one hundred international centuries, the first batsman to score a double century in a One Day International (ODI), the holder of the record for the most runs in both Test and ODI, and the only player to complete more than 30,000 runs in international cricket. He is colloquially known as Little Master or Master Blaster,\nIn 2001, Sachin Tendulkar became the first batsman to complete 10,000 ODI runs in his 259 innings. In 2002, halfway through his career, Wisden Cricketers' Almanack ranked him the second greatest Test batsman of all time, behind Don Bradman, and the second greatest ODI batsman of all time, behind Viv Richards. Later in his career, Tendulkar was a part of the Indian team that won the 2011 World Cup, his first win in six World Cup appearances for India. He had previously been named \"Player of the Tournament\" at the 2003 edition of the tournament, held in South Africa. In 2013, he was the only Indian cricketer included in an all-time Test World XI named to mark the 150th anniversary of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack.Tendulkar received the Arjuna Award in 1994 for his outstanding sporting achievement, the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 1997, India's highest sporting honour, and the Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan awards in 1999 and 2008, respectively, India's fourth and second highest civilian awards. After a few hours of his final match on 16 November 2013, the Prime Minister's Office announced the decision to award him the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award. He is the youngest recipient to date and the first ever sportsperson to receive the award. He also won the 2010 Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for cricketer of the year at the ICC awards. In 2012, Tendulkar was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India. He was also the first sportsperson and the first person without an aviation background to be awarded the honorary rank of group captain by the Indian Air Force. In 2012, he was named an Honorary Member of the Order of Australia.In 2010, Time magazine included Sachin in its annual Time 100 list as one of the \"Most Influential People in the World\".\nIn December 2012, Tendulkar announced his retirement from ODIs. He retired from Twenty20 cricket in October 2013 and subsequently retired from all forms of cricket on 16 November 2013 after playing his 200th Test match, against the West Indies in Mumbai's Wankhede Stadium. Tendulkar played 664 international cricket matches in total, scoring 34,357 runs.In 2019, Tendulkar was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.", "Q24429": "Count Friedrich August von Harrach-Rohrau, (Vienna, 8 June 1696 \u2013 Vienna, 4 June 1749), was plenipotentiary minister of the Austrian Netherlands (1732\u20131741) and became Governor-General ad interim in 1741\u20131744.\nHe was the son of Aloys Thomas Raimund Count Harrach (1669\u20131742) and Countess Anna Caecilie von Thannhausen (1674\u20131721). \nHe married Princess Maria Eleonora of Liechtenstein (1703 \u2013 17 July 1757), the daughter of Anton Florian of Liechtenstein, on 5 February 1719. They had 16 children;\n\nFranz Anton (13 May 1720 \u2013 25 March 1724)\nMaria Rosa (20 August 1721 \u2013 29 August 1785)\nJohann Josef (18 September 1722 \u2013 8 December 1746)\nErnst Guido (8 September 1723 \u2013 23 March 1783); his successor\nMaria Anna (27 April 1725 \u2013 29 April 1780)\nAnna Viktoria (1726 \u2013 6 January 1746)\nMaria Josepha (20 November 1727 \u2013 15 February 1788); married her cousin, Prince Johann Nepomuk Karl of Liechtenstein\nMaximilian Josef (13 September 1729 \u2013 6 March 1730)\nBonaventura (20 March 1731 \u2013 14 February 1794)\nIgnaz Ludwig (2 October 1732 \u2013 11 March 1753)\nFranz Xaver (2 October 1732 \u2013 15 February 1781)\nJohann Leopold (12 December 1733 \u2013 27 September 1734)\nMaria Elisabeth (19 May 1735 \u2013 9 June 1735)\nFerdinand (4 January 1737 \u2013 27 March 1748)\nJohann Nepomuk Ernst (20 May 1738 \u2013 17 December 1739)\nMaria Christina (24 July 1740 \u2013 27 November 1791)Ernst Guido's great-great-grandson was Lieutenant Colonel Count Franz von Harrach, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria's bodyguard when he was assassinated in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914.", "Q90832": "Heinrich Friedrich Albert (12 February 1874 \u2013 1 November 1960) was a German civil servant, diplomat, politician, businessman and lawyer who served as minister for reconstruction and the Treasury in the government of Wilhelm Cuno in 1922/1923. During his tenure as commercial attach\u00e9 to the German embassy to the U.S. in 1914-17, he was suspected of engaging in espionage and sabotage.", "Q327604": "The Evil Dead (originally released as Book of the Dead) is a 1981 American supernatural horror film written and directed by Sam Raimi and executive produced by Raimi and Bruce Campbell, who also starred alongside Ellen Sandweiss and Betsy Baker. The film focuses on five college students vacationing in an isolated cabin in a remote wooded area. After they find an audio tape that, when played, releases a legion of demons and spirits, members of the group suffer from demonic possession, leading to increasingly gory mayhem.\nRaimi, Campbell and their friends produced the short film Within the Woods as a proof of concept to build the interest of potential investors, which secured US$90,000 to produce The Evil Dead. Principal photography took place on location in a remote cabin located in Morristown, Tennessee, in a difficult filming process that proved extremely uncomfortable for the cast and crew; the film's extensive stop-motion animation and prosthetic makeup effects were created by artist Tom Sullivan. The completed film attracted the interest of producer Irvin Shapiro, who helped screen the film at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival. Horror author Stephen King gave a rave review of the film, which helped convince New Line Cinema to serve as its distributor.\nThe Evil Dead grossed $2.4 million in the US and a total of $2.7 or $29.4 million worldwide. Both early and later critical reception were universally positive and in the years since its release, the film has developed a reputation as one of the most significant cult films, cited among the greatest horror films of all time and one of the most successful independent films. It launched the careers of Campbell and Raimi, who collaborated on several films together, including Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy.\nThe Evil Dead spawned a media franchise, beginning with two sequels written and directed by Raimi, Evil Dead II (1987) and Army of Darkness (1992), as well as video games, comic books, and a television series. The film's protagonist Ash Williams (Campbell) is regarded as a cult icon. The fourth film, serving as a soft reboot and continuation, was titled Evil Dead and was released in 2013. Raimi co-produced the film alongside Campbell and the franchise producer, Robert Tapert. As with the films, the follow-up television series Ash vs Evil Dead was created and produced by Sam and Ivan Raimi, with Campbell also executive producing.", "Q478629": "The Dubliners were an Irish folk band founded in Dublin in 1962 as The Ronnie Drew Ballad Group after its founding member; they subsequently renamed themselves The Dubliners. The line-up saw many changes over their fifty-year career, but the group's success was centred on lead singers Luke Kelly and Ronnie Drew. The band garnered international success with their lively Irish folk songs, traditional street ballads and instrumentals. The band were regulars on the folk scenes in both Dublin and London in the early 1960s, and were signed to the Major Minor label in 1965 after backing from Dominic Behan who was paid by Major-Minor to work with the Dubliners and help them to build a better act fit for larger concert hall venues. The Dubliners worked with Behan regularly between 1965 and 1966; Behan wrote numerous songs for this act including the song McAlpine's Fusiliers created specifically to showcase Ronnie Drew's gravel voice. They went on to receive extensive airplay on Radio Caroline which was part owned by Phil Solomon CEO of Major Minor, and eventually appeared on Top of the Pops in 1967 with hits \"Seven Drunken Nights\" (which sold over 250,000 copies in the UK) and \"The Black Velvet Band\". Often performing political songs considered controversial at the time, they drew criticism from some folk purists and Ireland's national broadcaster RT\u00c9 had placed an unofficial ban on their music from 1967 to 1971. During this time the band's popularity began to spread across mainland Europe and they appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show in the United States. The group's success remained steady right through the 1970s and a number of collaborations with The Pogues in 1987 saw them enter the UK Singles Chart on another two occasions.The Dubliners were instrumental in popularising Irish folk music in Europe, though they did not quite attain the popularity of The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem in the United States. They influenced many generations of Irish bands, and their legacy can to this day be heard in the music of artists such as The Pogues, Dropkick Murphys and Flogging Molly. Much adored in their native country, covers of Irish ballads by Ronnie Drew and Luke Kelly tend to be regarded as definitive versions. One of the most influential Irish acts of the 20th century, they celebrated 50 years together in 2012, making them Ireland's longest surviving musical act. Also in 2012, the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards bestowed them with a Lifetime Achievement Award. The Dubliners announced their retirement in the autumn of 2012, after 50 years of performing, following the death of original member Barney McKenna. However, the surviving members of the group, continued touring under the name of \"The Dublin Legends\". As of 2020, Se\u00e1n Cannon is the only former member still in this group, following Eamonn Campbell's death in October 2017.", "Q127870": "Deborah Iona Raffin (March 13, 1953 \u2013 November 21, 2012) was an American model, film and television actress who later became an audiobook publisher.", "Q290864": "This is a list of the models who have appeared in the American edition of Penthouse magazine and were either named Pet of the Month or Pet of the Year from September 1969 to the present. Pet of the Year names are in bold type and are typically featured in the January issue of the year for which they are selected. Unlike Playboy, it may be several years before a model becomes \"Pet of the Year\" after their initial centerfold. No model was selected in 1985.", "Q23346": "Sussex (), from the Old English S\u016b\u00fes\u0113axe (South Saxons), is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. It is bounded to the west by Hampshire, north by Surrey, northeast by Kent, south by the English Channel, and divided for many purposes into the ceremonial counties of West Sussex and East Sussex. Brighton and Hove, though part of East Sussex, was made a unitary authority in 1997, and as such, is administered independently of the rest of East Sussex. Brighton and Hove was granted City status in 2000. Until then, Chichester was Sussex's only city.\nSussex has three main geographic sub-regions, each oriented approximately east to west. In the southwest is the fertile and densely populated coastal plain. North of this are the rolling chalk hills of the South Downs, beyond which is the well-wooded Sussex Weald.\nThe name derives from the Kingdom of Sussex, which was founded, according to legend, by \u00c6lle of Sussex in AD 477. Around 827, it was absorbed into the kingdom of Wessex and subsequently into the kingdom of England. It was the home of some of Europe's earliest recorded hominids, whose remains have been found at Boxgrove. It was invaded by the Romans and is the site of the Battle of Hastings.\nIn 1974, the Lord-Lieutenant of Sussex was replaced with one each for East and West Sussex, which became separate ceremonial counties. Sussex continues to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region. It has had a single police force since 1968 and its name is in common use in the media. In 2007, Sussex Day was created to celebrate the county's rich culture and history. Based on the traditional emblem of Sussex, a blue shield with six gold martlets, the flag of Sussex was recognised by the Flag Institute in 2011. In 2013, Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government Eric Pickles formally recognised and acknowledged the continued existence of England's 39 historic counties, including Sussex.", "Q116475": "Hannes Germann (born 1 July 1956) is a Swiss politician and current member of the Swiss Council of States for the Canton of Schaffhausen. Elected to the council in 2002, he is a member of the Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC).\n\n", "Q371442": "Robert Astles (born Robert Asketill, 23 March 1924 \u2013 29 December 2012) was a British soldier and colonial officer who lived in Uganda and became an associate of presidents Milton Obote and Idi Amin.\n\n", "Q37333": "Lublin (UK: , US: , Polish: [\u02c8lublin] (listen)) is the ninth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest city of historical Lesser Poland. It is the capital and the center of Lublin Voivodeship (Lublin Province) with a population of 339,682 (December 2018). Lublin is the largest Polish city east of the Vistula River and is about 170 km (106 mi) to the southeast of Warsaw by road.\nOne of the events that greatly contributed to the city's development was the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo in 1385. Lublin thrived as a centre of trade and commerce due to its strategic location on the route between Vilnius and Krak\u00f3w; the inhabitants had the privilege of free trade in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Lublin Parliament session of 1569 led to the creation of a real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, thus creating the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Lublin witnessed the early stages of Reformation in the 16th century. A Calvinist congregation was founded and groups of radical Arians appeared in the city, making it an important global centre of Arianism. At the turn of the century, Lublin was recognised for hosting a number of outstanding poets, writers, and historians of the epoch.Until the partitions at the end of the 18th century, Lublin was a royal city of the Crown Kingdom of Poland. Its delegates and nobles had the right to participate in the royal election. In 1578, Lublin was chosen as the seat of the Crown Tribunal, the highest appeal court in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, and for centuries, the city has been flourishing as a centre of culture and higher learning, with Krak\u00f3w, Warsaw, Pozna\u0144, and Lw\u00f3w.\nAlthough Lublin was not spared from severe destruction during World War II, its picturesque and historical Old Town has been preserved. The district is one of Poland's official national historic monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated May 16, 2007, and tracked by the National Heritage Board of Poland.The city is viewed as an attractive location for foreign investment, and the analytical Financial Times Group has found Lublin to be one of the best cities for business in Poland. The Foreign Direct Investment ranking placed Lublin second among larger Polish cities in the cost-effectiveness category. Lublin is noted for its green spaces and a high standard of living.", "Q708410": "Arthur Anderson (1792, Shetland \u2013 27 February 1868, London) was a Scottish businessman and Liberal politician. He was co-founder of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O).", "Q71366": "Adolf Bartels (15 November 1862 \u2013 7 March 1945) was a pastor, German journalist and poet. Known for his v\u00f6lkisch worldview, he has been seen as a harbinger of Nazi anti-Semitism.Bartels was born at Wesselburen, in Holstein, and educated at Leipzig and Berlin. An artisan's son, Bartels studied literature. After 1895 a free-lance journalist in Weimar, he gained a reputation as a Hebbel scholar. In 1897 he wrote a history of German literature that was marked by racist evaluations and rabid antisemitism; it became a pioneering work for National Socialist literary reviews. According to Bartels, even authors whose names sounded Jewish, who wrote for the \"Jewish press\", or who were friendly with Jews were \"contaminated with Jewishness\". The noblest task of v\u00f6lkisch cultural policy would therefore be a radical de-Jewing of the arts, and thus the \"salvation of National Socialist Germany\" (German: National-sozialistisches Deutschlands Rettung; 1924). Bartels led a successful campaign to prevent the unveiling of a statue of Heinrich Heine in 1906. After World War One, Bartels' work experienced an upsurge in popularity, with his followers forming the Bartelsbund (Bartels Society) to promote his ideas; the Bartelsbund later merged with\nErich Ludendorff's Tannenbergbund group. Bartels' work achieved \"quasi-official\" status in Nazi Germany, and Hitler personally awarded Bartels the Adlerschild medal, Nazi Germany's highest civilian honour, in 1937.Bartels died in Weimar on 7 March 1945. Bartels's further literary productions included Die Dithmarscher (1898), a historical novel based on his native region advocating ruralism, which sold over 200,000 copies by \nthe 1920s, and Martin Luther (1903); these books are largely forgotten today.", "Q1786992": "Warsaw Scientific Society (Polish: Towarzystwo Naukowe Warszawskie; TNW) is a Polish scientific society based in Warsaw. It was established in 1907 as a continuation of the Society of Friends of Science to advance the sciences and arts and to publish scientific papers.", "Q190162": "Zo\u00eb Yadira Salda\u00f1a Nazario (born June 19, 1978) is an American actress. Following her performances with the theater group Faces, she was in a 1999 episode of Law & Order. Her film career began a year later with Center Stage (2000) portraying a ballet dancer. \nSaldana worked in science fiction films, beginning in 2009 with her first of multiple appearances as Nyota Uhura in the Star Trek film series and her first appearance as Neytiri in the Avatar film series. She portrayed Gamora in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with Guardians of the Galaxy (2014). Due to her appearances in some of the highest-grossing films of all time, such as Avatar and Avengers: Endgame, Saldana is the second highest-grossing film actress of all time, as of 2019. Her films grossed more than $11 billion worldwide.", "Q238056": "Halina Konopacka (Leonarda Kazimiera Konopacka-Matuszewska-Szczerbi\u0144ska) (26 February 1900 \u2013 28 January 1989) was a Polish athlete. She won the discus throw event at the 1928 Summer Olympics, breaking her own world record and becoming the first Polish Olympic champion. After retiring from athletics she became a writer and poet. She immigrated to the United States after World War II and died there.", "Q76409": "Henry Charles Bukowski (born Heinrich Karl Bukowski; August 16, 1920 \u2013 March 9, 1994) was a German-American poet, novelist, and short story writer.\nHis writing was influenced by the social, cultural, and economic ambiance of his home city of Los Angeles. His work addresses the ordinary lives of poor\nAmericans, the act of writing, alcohol, relationships with women, and the drudgery of work. Bukowski wrote thousands of poems, hundreds of short stories and six novels, eventually publishing over 60 books. The FBI kept a file on him as a result of his column Notes of a Dirty Old Man in the LA underground newspaper Open City.Bukowski published extensively in small literary magazines and with small presses beginning in the early 1940s and continuing on through the early 1990s. As noted by one reviewer, \"Bukowski continued to be, thanks to his antics and deliberate clownish performances, the king of the underground and the epitome of the littles in the ensuing decades, stressing his loyalty to those small press editors who had first championed his work and consolidating his presence in new ventures such as the New York Quarterly, Chiron Review, or Slipstream.\" Some of these works include his Poems Written Before Jumping Out of an 8 Story Window, published by his friend and fellow poet Charles Potts, and better known works such as Burning in Water, Drowning in Flame. These poems and stories were later republished by John Martin's Black Sparrow Press (now HarperCollins/Ecco Press) as collected volumes of his work.\nIn 1986 Time called Bukowski a \"laureate of American lowlife\". Regarding Bukowski's enduring popular appeal, Adam Kirsch of The New Yorker wrote, \"the secret of Bukowski's appeal ... [is that] he combines the confessional poet's promise of intimacy with the larger-than-life aplomb of a pulp-fiction hero.\"Since his death in 1994, Bukowski has been the subject of a number of critical articles and books about both his life and writings, despite his work having received relatively little attention from academic critics in the United States during his lifetime. In contrast, Bukowski enjoyed extraordinary fame in Europe, especially in Germany, the place of his birth.\n\n", "Q2045778": "Antiochus (221 BC\u2013193 BC) was a Seleucid prince, first-born child to the Seleucid monarchs Antiochus III the Great and Laodice III, and his father's first heir.", "Q11492": "Matar\u00f3 (Catalan pronunciation: [m\u0259t\u0259\u02c8\u027eo]) is the capital and largest town of the comarca of the Maresme, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia Autonomous Community, Spain. It is located on the Costa del Maresme, to the south of Costa Brava, between Cabrera de Mar and Sant Andreu de Llavaneres, 30 kilometres (19 miles) north-east of Barcelona. As of 2010, it had a population of c. 122,932 inhabitants.", "Q721082": "James Muspratt (12 August 1793 \u2013 4 May 1886) was a British chemical manufacturer who was the first to make alkali by the Leblanc process on a large scale in the United Kingdom.", "Q6355742": "Kamaloddin Jenab (\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628) was an Iranian pioneer physicist. He is often credited for founding academic experimental science in Iranian universities.He was the first Iranian to obtain a PhD in nuclear physics, and is often credited for laying the foundations of that science in Iran.Born in 1908 in Isfahan, he earned a scholarship to study abroad, taking him to France where he studied physics at Nancy-Universit\u00e9, chemistry at Sorbonne University, and finally culminating in a PhD from California Institute of Technology in the U.S.\nJenab studied under Robert Millikan at Caltech where he completed his PhD in Nuclear Physics in 1936. He also participated in the 1936 student Olympics, and being an avid swimmer, swam across the English Channel at the age of 25.\nAfter returning to Iran, Dr. Jenab served as faculty at Tehran University until his retirement in 1975 after 40 years of service. He authored many of Iran's first textbooks in modern physics.\nIn 2004, a film was made to honor his services to Iran's physics community, and he was honored as one of Iran's founding fathers in modern science.\nHe died on August 26, 2006 at the age of 98.", "Q70078": "Peseux is a municipality in the district of Boudry in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q14865006": "\"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \"The Fox\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 900 million views as of December 2019. \"The Fox\" peaked at the top of the Norwegian Singles Chart and was hugely successful in the United States, where it peaked at number six on the Billboard Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks, and was, before the U.S. release of \"Am I Wrong\" by Nico & Vinz, the highest-ranked song by a Norwegian artist on the chart since A-ha's number-one song \"Take On Me\" in 1985.\nOriginally an \"anti-hit\" produced as a part of the duo's new season of Norwegian television talk show I kveld med YLVIS (Tonight with Ylvis) and uploaded on YouTube as a teaser, \"The Fox\", \"created to fail\", went viral, becoming Ylvis' \"breakout\" song and drawing international attention to the group. In 2013, Ylvis stated there were no plans to release an album including the song or any sequel to it.\n\n", "Q67504": "Zsuzsa B\u00e1nk (born 24 October 1965, in Frankfurt am Main) is a German writer.\nHer parents moved to Germany after the Hungarian revolution of 1956 and she studied journalism, political science, and literature at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and in Washington, D.C..\nShe has received several literature awards, such as the Adelbert von Chamisso Prize in 2004.\nShe lives in Frankfurt am Main with her husband and two children.", "Q1790896": "Carl Julius Aller (25 November 1845 - 23 August 1926) was a Danish publisher of the late 19th and early 20th century and founder of Aller Media, the largest publisher of weekly magazines in the Nordic Countries and still controlled by the Aller family.", "Q687651": "The Gathering is a Dutch rock band, founded in 1989 by brothers Hans and Ren\u00e9 Rutten and vocalist Bart Smits in Oss, North Brabant.\nThe Gathering earliest releases were categorized as atmospheric doom metal with influences from death metal acts like Celtic Frost and Hellhammer. In 1998 with the release of their fifth studio album, How to Measure a Planet?, they had a major shift in musical style, with the group acknowledging the growing influence of shoegazing, post-rock, experimental rock and the more ethereal sounds of 4AD bands, such as Dead Can Dance, Cocteau Twins, as well as Pink Floyd, Radiohead and Massive Attack; they expanded their sound, which acquired characteristics of progressive, alternative rock, and trip hop and gained success and recognition beyond the European borders. The group continue to expand upon the experimental nature of their music.\nIn August 2007 Anneke van Giersbergen left the group to focus on her solo project Agua de Annique. On 12 March 2009, The Gathering announced that their replacement vocalist was Silje Wergeland (Octavia Sperati). Their most recent album, Afterwords, was released on 25 October 2013.\nOn 17 January 2014, the band announced that they decided to take a break from recording and touring, and also that Marjolein Kooijman left the band. To celebrate the band's 25th anniversary, a show featuring most of current and past members of the band took place on 9 November 2014 and was released as a live album in 2015.", "Q67262": "Tecknau is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q5546035": "The George Washington University Law School (abbreviated as GW Law) is the law school of George Washington University, in Washington, D.C. Founded in the 1820s, GW Law is the oldest law school in the national capital. GW Law has offerings in business and finance law, environmental law, government procurement law, intellectual property law, international comparative law, litigation and dispute resolution, and national security and U.S. foreign relations law.GW Law has numerous alumni within the fields of law and government, including the current U.S. Attorney General, the current U.S. Secretary of the Interior, foreign heads of state, judges of the International Court of Justice, ministers of foreign affairs, a Director-General of the World Intellectual Property Organization, Directors of the CIA, members of U.S. Congress, U.S. State Governors, 4 Directors of the FBI, and numerous Federal judges.\nThe 2020 U.S. News & World Report ranks GW Law as 22nd best law school in the U.S.", "Q2466430": "J\u00f8rgen Aall (22 February 1771 \u2013 7 April 1833) was a Norwegian ship-owner and politician.\n\n", "Q162492": "Colin Andrew Firth (born 10 September 1960) is an English actor who has received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, two BAFTA Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival. In 2010, Firth's portrayal of King George VI in Tom Hooper's The King's Speech won him the Academy Award for Best Actor.\nIdentified in the late 1980s with the \"Brit Pack\" of rising, young British actors, it was not until his portrayal of Fitzwilliam Darcy in the 1995 television adaptation of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice that he received more widespread attention. This led to roles in films, such as The English Patient, Bridget Jones's Diary, for which he was nominated for a BAFTA Award, Shakespeare in Love, and Love Actually. In 2009, Firth received widespread critical acclaim for his leading role in A Single Man, for which he gained his first Academy Award nomination, and won a BAFTA Award. Firth played secret agent Harry Hart in the 2014 film Kingsman: The Secret Service and the 2017 sequel Kingsman: The Golden Circle. In 2018, he co-starred in the musical fantasy Mary Poppins Returns and the following year he appeared in the war film 1917. Firth's films have grossed more than $3 billion from 42 releases worldwide. In 2011, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and was also selected as one of the Time 100.Firth has campaigned for the rights of indigenous tribal people and is a member of Survival International. He has campaigned on issues of asylum seekers, refugees' rights, and the environment. He commissioned and co-authored a scientific paper on a study into the differences in brain structure between people of differing political orientations.", "Q390870": "Agata Bronis\u0142awa Buzek (born 20 September 1976) is a Polish actress and model.\nAgata, the daughter of Polish politician, former Prime Minister of Poland and President of the European Parliament Jerzy Buzek, was born in Pyskowice in Gliwice County, Poland. At an early age she had poliomyelitis and was treated in Germany. After studying at theatre academy in Warsaw, she went to Paris where she worked as a model.Buzek has won the Polish Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2003 and the Shooting Stars Award at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q154120": "Anthony Munday (or Monday) (1560? \u2013 10 August 1633) was an English playwright and miscellaneous writer. He was baptized on 13 October 1560 in St Gregory by St Paul's, London, and was the son of Christopher Munday, a stationer, and Jane Munday. He was one of the chief predecessors of Shakespeare in English dramatic composition, and wrote plays about Robin Hood. He is believed to be the primary author of Sir Thomas More, on which he is believed to have collaborated with Henry Chettle, Thomas Heywood, William Shakespeare, and Thomas Dekker.", "Q3262724": "Louis Monier (born March 21, 1956) was a cofounder of the Internet search engine AltaVista together with Paul Flaherty and Michael Burrows. After he left AltaVista, he worked at eBay and then at Google. He left Google in August 2007 to join Cuil, a search engine startup. He was Vice President of Products at Cuil. One month after the launch, he left Cuil, citing differences with the CEO. He also was the co-founder and CTO of Qwiki with Doug Imbruce. Qwiki won the TechCrunch Disrupt Award in 2010 and was sold to Yahoo in 2013. In 2014, Yahoo shuttered Qwiki.\nMonier received a Ph.D. in Mathematics and Computer Science from the University of Paris XI, France in 1980 and worked at Carnegie Mellon University, Xerox PARC, and DEC's Western Research Laboratory.\nLouis was the Chief Scientist of Proximic until July 2013, and has founded a health technology company, Kyron.", "Q594695": "Ralph Vernon Mann (born June 16, 1949) is a retired American sprinter and hurdler. He was an undergraduate at Brigham Young University, and later earned a Ph.D. in Biomechanics from the Washington State University.In 1969, Mann won his first NCAA 440 yard hurdles championship with a time of 49.6 seconds. Tying the NCAA and American records, the time was three-tenths of a second off the world record. A year later in Des Moines, Iowa, Mann captured his second NCAA championship and set a new world record time of 48.8 seconds for the 440 intermediate hurdles. During his collegiate career Ralph was NCAA champion three times. He was a three-time All-American, and in 1970 was second in the voting for the Sullivan Award.\nHe competed in the 400 m hurdles at the 1972 Olympics and won the silver medal. Ralph was a five-time AAU champion. He received the AAU\u2019s DiBenedetto Award for the single most outstanding career, most notably for his Olympic silver medal. In 2015, he was inducted into the USA National Track and Field Hall of Fame.Mann co-wrote the book Swing Like a Pro: The Breakthrough Scientific Method of Perfecting Your Golf Swing with Fred Griffin. This book was the culmination of Mann's expertise in the field of biomechanics and Griffin's experience of teaching golf as a PGA Professional. Mann has two children, Amber and Randall, a poet and literary critic.", "Q490381": "Johann Michael Haydn (German: [\u02c8ha\u026adn\u0329] (listen); 14 September 1737 \u2013 10 August 1806) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period, the younger brother of Franz Joseph Haydn.", "Q65475": "Heinz Br\u00fccher (14 January 1915, Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse \u2013 17 December 1991, Mendoza Province, Argentina) was a botanist and plant breeder who served as a member of the special science unit in the SS Ahnenerbe in Nazi Germany. He was part of a SS Sammelkommando that raided the plant genome material and seed collections of the Soviet Union. After the Second World War, he moved to South America and worked as a professor of botany in Argentina and other countries in South America. He served as an advisor to UNESCO on biology.", "Q2603210": "Alexander Sergeevich Misharin (born January 21, 1959 in Sverdlovsk, USSR) is the former governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast, a region in Russia. He was appointed in 2009 after resignation of the previous governor, Eduard Rossel and resigned on May 14, 2012. Prior to his governorship, he made a career in the railway industry, rising to Russia's Deputy Railway Minister. He was appointed first vice-president of Russian Railways and head of Skorostniye Magistrali, the Russian high-speed rail developer and operator on November 28, 2012.", "Q109233": "Julian Borchardt (1868\u20131932) was a socialist activist and participant in the Zimmerwald Left.\nBorchardt was born in Bromberg, Prussia in 1868. He became a socialist journalist and writer, serving as editor on Social Democrat newspapers from 1901 to 1906. He was appointed as a lecturer to the SPD central education committee in 1907 and entered the Prussian diet in 1911. In 1913 he relinquished these posts and started editing Lichtstrahlen, which provided a platform for German and international left anti-war-opposition and texts of the nascent Communist movement towards the end of the First World War and after. However he never joined the Communist party. He also wrote on historical and economic subjects including a widely translated digest of Karl Marx's Das Kapital.He was a member of the Association of Proletarian-Revolutionary Authors.\nFrom 1927 until his death in Berlin, 1932, he was working on a history of Germany which was never completed. His manuscript of this is in the International Institute of Social History.", "Q1282917": "The University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy (Serbian: \u0424\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0443 \u0411\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443), founded in the early 19th century within the Belgrade Higher School, is the oldest and most prominent institution of higher education in Serbia and among the oldest in the South-Eastern Europe. It employs 255 teaching staff and has approximately 6000 undergraduate and graduate students within ten departments: Department of Philosophy, Department of Classics, Department of History, Department of Art History, Department of Archaeology, Department of Ethnology and Anthropology, Department of Sociology, Department of Psychology, Department of Andragogy and Department of Pedagogy.", "Q212873": "Jane Mallory Birkin, OBE (born 14 December 1946) is an English/French actress, singer, songwriter, and model. She attained international fame and notability for her decade-long musical and romantic partnership with Serge Gainsbourg. She also had a prolific career as an actress in British and French cinema.\nA native of London, Birkin began her career as an actress, appearing in minor roles in Michelangelo Antonioni's Blowup (1966), and Kaleidoscope (1966). In 1969, she met Serge Gainsbourg while co-starring with him in Slogan, which marked the beginning of a years-long working and personal relationship. The duo released their debut album Jane Birkin/Serge Gainsbourg (1969), and Birkin also appeared in the controversial film Je t'aime moi non plus (1976) under Gainsbourg's direction. Birkin would attain further acting credits in Agatha Christie's films Death on the Nile (1978), and Evil Under the Sun (1982).\nAfter separating from Gainsbourg in 1980, Birkin continued to work as both an actress and a singer, appearing in various independent films and recording numerous solo albums. In 1991, she appeared in the miniseries Red Fox, and in the American drama film A Soldier's Daughter Never Cries, in 1998. In 2016, she starred in the Academy Award-nominated short film La femme et le TGV, which she said would be her final film role.\nBirkin has resided mainly in France since the 1970s. She is the mother of photographer Kate Barry (d. 2013), with her first husband John Barry; actress and singer Charlotte Gainsbourg, with Serge Gainsbourg; and musician Lou Doillon, with Jacques Doillon. In addition to her acting and musical credits, she lent her name to the popular Herm\u00e8s Birkin bag.", "Q140155": "Samuel Andrew Cook (January 28, 1849 \u2013 April 4, 1918) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.Born in Ontario, Canada, Cook moved with his parents to Calumet County, Wisconsin, in 1855.\nHe attended the common schools in Fond du Lac and Calumet Counties.\nCook enlisted as a private in Company A, Second Wisconsin Cavalry, under General George A. Custer, and served until the end of the Civil War.\nHe lived on a farm in Calumet County until 1872, when he located in Marathon County and engaged in business.\nHe moved to Neenah, Wisconsin in 1881.\nCook was elected mayor of Neenah in 1889. He served as member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1891 and 1892. He served as delegate to the Republican National Convention in Minneapolis in 1892.\nCook was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1895 \u2013 March 3, 1897).\nHe declined renomination in 1896.\nHe was an unsuccessful candidate for United States Senator in 1897 and again in 1907.\nCommander of the Grand Army of the Republic for Department of Wisconsin in 1915 and 1916.\nHe became a manufacturer of print paper in Menasha, Wisconsin, while residing in Neenah, Wisconsin.\nHe served as president of the Alexandria Paper Company in Alexandria, Indiana.\nHe died in Neenah, Wisconsin, on April 4, 1918.\nHe was interred in Oak Hill Cemetery.", "Q156737": "The University of Kiel, officially the Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, (German: Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel, abbreviated CAU, known informally as Christiana Albertina) is a university in the city of Kiel, Germany. It was founded in 1665 as the Academia Holsatorum Chiloniensis by Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and has approximately 27,000 students today. Kiel University is the largest, oldest, and most prestigious in the state of Schleswig-Holstein. Until 1864/66 it was not only the northernmost university in Germany but at the same time the 2nd largest university of Denmark. Faculty, alumni, and researchers of the Kiel University have won 12 Nobel Prizes. Kiel University has been a member of the German Universities Excellence Initiative since 2006. The Cluster of Excellence The Future Ocean, which was established in cooperation with the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel in 2006, is internationally recognized. The second Cluster of Excellence \"Inflammation at Interfaces\" deals with chronic inflammatory diseases. The Kiel Institute for the World Economy is also affiliated with Kiel University. The university has a great reputation for its focus on public international law. The oldest public international law institution in Germany and Europe - the Walther Schuecking Institute for International Law - is based in Kiel.", "Q2270009": "After Dark (\u30a2\u30d5\u30bf\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u30af, Afut\u0101 D\u0101ku) is a 2004 novel by Japanese author Haruki Murakami.", "Q1180606": "Zolt\u00e1n M\u00e1ga (born 19 February 1974 in Szolnok) is a Hungarian violinist whose repertoire includes classical, folk, pop, and jazz pieces.\n\n", "Q110762": "Timmo Niesner (born November 5, 1971 in Berlin) is a German actor and voice actor.", "Q2674098": "Albert Thys (28 November 1849 \u2013 10 February 1915) was a Belgian businessman who was active in the Congo Free State. He gave his name of Thysville to the station of Sona Qongo, currently Mbanza-Ngungu in Bas-Congo.\nBorn in Dalhem, Thys graduated at the \u00c9cole de guerre, before entering into the service of king Leopold II of Belgium in 1876, as secretary of the colonial businesses. After the return of Henry Morton Stanley, the king sent Thys to England to propose a new expedition to Central Africa on behalf of the Association Internationale Africaine. Thys was actively involved in the organisation of the first expeditions which would lead to the constitution of the Congo Free State.\nAfter arriving in Congo in 1887 he promoted the Matadi-L\u00e9opoldville Railway, which was built from 1890 to 1898. He imposed a route by the south, deviating from the Congo river. He was one of the principal craftsmen of the development and the economic development of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo. Notably he created the Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie (27 December 1886) and many of its subsidiary companies: the Compagnie du Chemin de Fer du Congo (CCFC), the Compagnie des Magasins g\u00e9n\u00e9raux, the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 anonyme Belge pour le Commerce du Haut-Congo, the Compagnie des\u00a8Produits, the Compagnie du Katanga.\nHe died in Brussels, aged 66, in 1915.", "Q25051": "Heribert Fa\u00dfbender (born 30 May 1941 in Ratingen) is a German sports journalist.", "Q804182": "Bj\u00f8rt Samuelsen (2 March 1965 in T\u00f3rshavn) is a Faroese journalist, master in food science (Danish: bromatolog, cand.brom.) and politician (Republic).\n\n", "Q1249333": "The Quatermass Experiment is a British science fiction serial broadcast by BBC Television during the summer of 1953 and re-staged by BBC Four in 2005. Set in the near future against the background of a British space programme, it tells the story of the first manned flight into space, supervised by Professor Bernard Quatermass of the British Experimental Rocket Group. \nWhen the spaceship that carries the first successful crew returns to Earth, two of the three astronauts are missing, and the third \u2013 Victor Carroon \u2013 is behaving strangely. It becomes apparent that an alien presence entered the rocket during its flight, and Quatermass and his associates must prevent the alien from destroying the world.\nOriginally comprising six half-hour episodes, it was the first science fiction production to be written especially for a British adult television audience. Previous written-for-television efforts such as Stranger from Space (1951\u201352) were aimed at children, whereas adult entries into the genre were adapted from literary sources, such as R.U.R. (1938 and again in 1948) and The Time Machine (1949). The serial was the first of four Quatermass productions to be screened on British television between 1953 and 1979. It was transmitted live from the BBC's original television studios at Alexandra Palace in London, one of the final productions before BBC television drama moved to west London.\nAs well as spawning various remakes and sequels, The Quatermass Experiment inspired much of the television science fiction that succeeded it, particularly in the United Kingdom, where it influenced successful series such as Doctor Who and Sapphire and Steel. It also influenced successful Hollywood films such as 2001: A Space Odyssey and Alien.", "Q589149": "Pedro Ferriz de Con (born December 12, 1950, Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican radio and TV news anchor. During the 1990s, he worked for the Multivision Network. In January 2000, he left MVS and went to Grupo Imagen, where he hosted the morning newscast on XEDA-FM until August 25, 2014. He also hosted the evening newscast of Cadenatres from 2007 to 2012.\nHe currently hosts a morning radio newscast named \"Central FM\".\nOn January 15, 2016, he announced his independent bid to run for president in 2018 in Mexico via his Facebook Page.Ferr\u00edz de Con is a Civil Engineer from the Universidad Iberoamericana in M\u00e9xico City and has a Master's Degree in Applied Mathematics from Fleming College at Lugano, Switzerland. His father, was Pedro Ferr\u00edz Santacruz (1921-2013), who also was a radio announcer and politician.", "Q138005": "Michael John Douglas (born September 5, 1951), known professionally as Michael Keaton, is an American actor. He first rose to fame for his roles on the CBS sitcoms All's Fair and The Mary Tyler Moore Hour and his comedic film roles in Night Shift (1982), Mr. Mom (1983), Johnny Dangerously (1984), and Beetlejuice (1988). He earned further acclaim for his dramatic portrayal of the title character in Tim Burton's Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992).\nSince then, he has appeared in a variety of films ranging from dramas and romantic comedies to thriller and action films, such as Clean and Sober (1988), The Dream Team (1989), Pacific Heights (1990), Much Ado About Nothing (1993), My Life (1993), The Paper (1994), Multiplicity (1996), Jackie Brown (1997), Herbie: Fully Loaded (2005), The Other Guys (2010), Robocop (2014), Need for Speed (2014), Spotlight (2015), The Founder (2016), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), and has also provided voices for characters in animated films such as Porco Rosso (1992), Cars (2006), Toy Story 3 (2010), and Minions (2015).\nKeaton's lead performance in Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014) earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, the Critics' Choice Award for Best Actor and Best Actor in a Comedy, and nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award, British Academy Film Award, and Academy Award for Best Actor. He previously received a Golden Globe Award nomination for his performance in Live from Baghdad (2002) and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for The Company (2007). Keaton was awarded a Career Achievement Award from the Hollywood Film Festival.On January 18, 2016, he was named Officer of Order of Arts and Letters in France. He is also a visiting scholar at Carnegie Mellon University.", "Q44450": "Roger Aaron Brown (born June 12, 1949) is an American character actor known for his role as Deputy Chief Joe Noland on the hit CBS drama television series The District from 2000 to 2004, and for his minor role in the 1988 science fiction film Alien Nation as Det. Bill \"Tug\" Tuggle, the partner and friend of Matthew Sikes (James Caan) at the beginning of the film. Brown reprised his Alien Nation role in a flashback scene in the pilot episode of the Fox TV series Alien Nation.\nBrown appears in the first two episodes of the TNT television series Saving Grace as the Chief of Detectives, as well as portraying Colonel Joseph Ntila in the 4th episode of the 6th season of House M.D.. Brown has made a number of appearances in many films especially Caravan Pictures. He portrayed John Henry in Disney's Tall Tale (1995). Other roles include Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979), Cobra (1986), Near Dark (1987), Action Jackson (1988), Downtown (1990), and RoboCop 2 (1990).\nHe also provided the voice of Achilles Davenport in the 2012 video game, Assassin's Creed III. He reprised the role, albeit as a much younger version of the character, in 2014's prequel Assassin's Creed Rogue.\nIn 2010, he acted as the narrator for The LXD: The Uprising Begins.\nIn 2006 Roger Aaron Brown performed in the American television series: Criminal Minds, on episode 14 in season 1 \"Riding the Lightning\" as Warden Charles Diehl.\nBrown voiced Dr. Imran Zere in the 2015 survival-horror game, Dying Light.", "Q438580": "Sidse Babett Knudsen (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8sis\u0259 \u02c8p\u00e6pet \u02c8k\u02b0nusn\u0329]; born 22 November 1968) is a Danish actress who works in theatre, television, and film. Knudsen made her screen debut in the 1997 improvisational comedy Let's Get Lost, for which she received both the Robert and Bodil awards for Best Actress.\nFollowing the critical success of her debut, Knudsen has been considered one of the top Danish actresses of her generation. In 2000, she again won both best actress awards for the comedy romance Den Eneste Ene (English title: The One and Only). In 2016, she won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Supporting Actress for the film Courted (L'Hermine). Knudsen has also received award nominations for her roles in Monas Verden (Mona's World) and Efter brylluppet (After the Wedding).\nKnudsen achieved international recognition for her leading role as fictional Danish Prime Minister Birgitte Nyborg in the Danish TV series Borgen, and for her role as Theresa Cullen in the HBO science fiction-Western television series Westworld.", "Q171363": "Viggo Peter Mortensen Jr. (; Danish: [\u02c8viko \u02c8m\u0252\u02d0tn\u0329sn\u0329]; born October 20, 1958) is a Danish-American actor, author, musician, photographer, poet, and painter. Born in New York to a Danish father and American mother, he was a resident of Venezuela and Argentina during his childhood. He is the recipient of various accolades including a Screen Actors Guild Award and has been nominated for three Academy Awards, three BAFTA Awards, and four Golden Globe Awards.\nMortensen made his film debut in a small role in Peter Weir's 1985 thriller Witness starring Harrison Ford and has appeared in several notable films since, including The Indian Runner (1991), Carlito's Way (1993), Crimson Tide (1995), Daylight (1996), The Portrait of a Lady (1996), G.I. Jane (1997), Psycho (1998), A Perfect Murder (1998), A Walk on the Moon (1999), and 28 Days (2000).\nMortensen received international attention in the early 2000s with his role as Aragorn in the epic fantasy adventure trilogy The Lord of the Rings (2001\u20132003). In 2005, Mortensen won critical acclaim for his acting in David Cronenberg's crime thriller A History of Violence. Two years later, another Cronenberg film, Eastern Promises (2007), earned him further critical acclaim and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. A third teaming with Cronenberg in A Dangerous Method (2011) resulted in a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture. Other well-received films include Appaloosa (2008) and Far from Men (2014). Further Academy Award nominations came for his leading roles in Captain Fantastic (2016) and Green Book (2018).\nAside from acting, Mortensen's other artistic pursuits include fine arts, photography, poetry, and music. In 2002, he founded the Perceval Press to publish the works of little-known artists and authors.", "Q203995": "Southend-on-Sea ( (listen)), commonly referred to simply as Southend, is a town and wider unitary authority area with borough status in southeastern Essex, England. It lies on the north side of the Thames Estuary, 40 miles (64 km) east of central London. It is bordered to the north by Rochford and to the west by Castle Point. It is home to the longest leisure pier in the world, Southend Pier. London Southend Airport is located 1.5 NM (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) north of the town centre.\nSouthend-on-Sea originally consisted of a few poor fishermen's huts and farms at the southern end of the village of Prittlewell. In the 1790s, the first buildings around what was to become the High Street of Southend were completed. In the 19th century, Southend's status of a seaside resort grew after a visit from Princess Caroline of Brunswick, and Southend Pier was constructed. From the 1960s onwards, the town declined as a holiday destination, Southend redeveloped itself as the home of the Access credit card, due to it having one of the UK's first electronic telephone exchanges. After the 1960s, much of the town centre was developed for commerce and retail, and many original structures were lost to redevelopment. An annual seafront airshow, started in 1986 when it featured a flypast by Concorde, used to take place each May until 2012.", "Q167501": "Dror Zeigerman (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d6\u05d9\u05d9\u05d2\u05e8\u05de\u05df\u200e, born 15 May 1948) is an Israeli former politician and diplomat who served as a member of the Knesset for Likud between 1981 and 1984, and as ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1998 until 2000.\n\n", "Q450628": "Safra A. Catz (Hebrew: \u05e6\u05e4\u05e8\u05d0 \u05db\u05e5, born December 1, 1961) is an American billionaire banker and technology executive. She is the CEO of Oracle Corporation. She has been an executive at Oracle since April 1999, and a board member since 2001. In April 2011, she was named co-president and chief financial officer (CFO), reporting to founder Larry Ellison. In September 2014, Oracle announced that Ellison would step down as CEO and that Mark Hurd and Catz had been named as joint CEOs.", "Q358985": "Admiral (Russian: \u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044a) is a 2008 biopic about Alexander Kolchak, a vice-admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy and leader of the anti-communist White Movement during the Russian Civil War. The film also depicts the love triangle between the Admiral, his wife, and the poet Anna Timiryova.\nAn extended version of the movie was made into a 10-part TV mini-series which was shown by Channel One in 2009.", "Q515406": "Sylvia Lenore Massy is an American record producer, mixer and engineer, and author. Massy is perhaps best recognized for her work on 1993's Undertow, the full-length double platinum-selling debut for Los Angeles alternative metal band Tool as well as her work with System of a Down, Johnny Cash, and Red Hot Chili Peppers.", "Q418888": "Akira Sakata (\u5742\u7530\u660e; born 21 February 1945) is a Japanese free jazz saxophonist.", "Q723118": "The Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Italiana) was a short-lived (1802\u20131805) republic located in Northern Italy. Napoleon served as President and its capital was Milan.", "Q42021": "Justinian II (Greek: \u1f38\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, romanized: Ioustinianos; Latin: Flavius Iustinianus Augustus; 668 \u2013 11 December 711), surnamed the Rhinotmetos or Rhinotmetus (\u1f41 \u1fec\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2), was the last Byzantine Emperor of the Heraclian dynasty, reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711. Justinian II was an ambitious and passionate ruler who was keen to restore the Roman Empire to its former glories, but he responded brutally to any opposition to his will and lacked the finesse of his father, Constantine IV. Consequently, he generated enormous opposition to his reign, resulting in his deposition in 695 in a popular uprising, and he only returned to the throne in 705 with the help of a Bulgar and Slav army. His second reign was even more despotic than the first, and it too saw his eventual overthrow in 711, abandoned by his army who turned on him before killing him.", "Q443132": "Lydia Maria Francis Child (born Lydia Maria Francis) (February 11, 1802 \u2013 October 20, 1880), was an American abolitionist, women's rights activist, Native American rights activist, novelist, journalist, and opponent of American expansionism.\nHer journals, both fiction and domestic manuals, reached wide audiences from the 1820s through the 1850s. At times she shocked her audience as she tried to take on issues of both male dominance and white supremacy in some of her stories.\nDespite these challenges, Child may be most remembered for her poem \"Over the River and Through the Wood.\" Her grandparents' house, which she wrote about visiting, was restored by Tufts University in 1976 and stands near the Mystic River on South Street, in Medford, Massachusetts.", "Q41528": "Arlene Harris (July 7, 1896 - June 12, 1976) was a Canadian-born American radio, film, and television actress. (Another source gives her date of birth as July 7, 1898.) She was best known for her role as \"the human chatterbox\" on Al Pearce's radio program.", "Q246211": "Zyzzyx Road ( z\u0259-ZIZ-iks), also called Zyzzyx Rd., is a 2006 American thriller film written, produced and directed by John Penney and starring Katherine Heigl, Leo Grillo, and Tom Sizemore.\nThe film gained notoriety from its gross ticket sales of only $30 on its opening run, due to its intentionally limited release at a single cinema, making it possibly the lowest-grossing film in U.S. history in terms of box office sales.", "Q208618": "1991: The Year Punk Broke, released theatrically in 1992, is a documentary directed by Dave Markey featuring American alternative rock band Sonic Youth on tour in Europe in 1991. While Sonic Youth is the focus of the documentary, the film also gives attention to Nirvana, Dinosaur Jr., Babes in Toyland, Gumball and The Ramones. Also featured in the film are Mark Arm, Dan Peters and Matt Lukin of Mudhoney and roadie Joe Cole, who was murdered in a robbery three months after the tour ended. The film is dedicated to him.\nSeveral scenes in the film involve re-enactments and references to scenes from the contemporaneous Madonna tour documentary, Truth or Dare, such as Gordon complaining about \"industry people\" in the front row, or Cobain, introduced as \"Costner\" telling Sonic Youth that their show was \"neat\". At a screening of the film at the 2008 All Tomorrow's Parties festival in Monticello, New York, Markey mentioned that the working title for the film was Tooth or Hair, as a further play on this connection. A home video VHS was released by the David Geffen Company on April 13, 1993. The film was again re-released on DVD on September 13, 2011 by the Universal Music Group.\n\n", "Q49174": "Bridgeport is a historic seaport city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is in Fairfield County, at the mouth of the Pequonnock River on Long Island Sound, 60 miles (97 km) from Manhattan and 40 miles (64 km) from The Bronx. It is bordered by the towns of Trumbull to the north, Fairfield to the west, and Stratford to the east.\nAs of 2018, Bridgeport had an estimated population of 144,900, which made it the largest city in Connecticut and the fifth-most populous in New England. The Greater Bridgeport area is the 48th-largest urban area in the United States.\nThe showman P. T. Barnum was a resident of the city and served as the town's mayor in the late 19th century. Barnum built four houses in Bridgeport and housed his circus in town during winter. The first Subway restaurant opened in Bridgeport's North End in 1965. The Frisbie Pie Company was in Bridgeport, and Bridgeport is credited as the birthplace of the Frisbee.After World War II, industrial restructuring and suburbanization caused the loss of many jobs and affluent residents, leaving Bridgeport struggling with poverty and crime.", "Q164008": "The Bad Seed is a 1956 American psychological horror-thriller film with elements of melodrama and film noir, directed by Mervyn LeRoy and starring Nancy Kelly, Patty McCormack, Henry Jones, and Eileen Heckart.\nThe film is based upon the 1954 play of the same name by Maxwell Anderson, which in turn is based upon William March's 1954 novel The Bad Seed. The play was adapted by John Lee Mahin for the screenplay of the film.", "Q259331": "Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun Haji Yusof bin Ishak (Jawi: \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642; YUUSS-off bin ISS-hahk; 12 August 1910 \u2013 23 November 1970) was a Singaporean politician who was the first President of Singapore, serving from 1965 to 1970. He was chosen by the Parliament of Singapore in 1970. Before becoming head-of-state, Yusof was a well-known journalist and co-founded Utusan Melayu, which was in circulation till 9 October 2019. He started journalism after he graduated from Raffles Institution in 1929 and in 1932, he joined Warta Malaya, a well-known Malay newspaper company at that time. He left the company in 1938 and co-founded Utusan Melayu.Tun Yusof held many appointments within the Singaporean government. He served on the Film Appeal Committee from 1948 to 1950 and was also a member of both the Nature Reserves Committee and Malayanisation Commission for a year. In July 1959, he was appointed Chairman of the Public Service Commission, Singapore. He was sworn on 3 December 1959 as Singapore's Yang di-Pertuan Negara (head of state) after the PAP won the first election held in Singapore after Singapore's self-governance. Yusof then became the first President of Singapore after the country gained independence on 9 August 1965.\nHis portrait appears on the Singapore Portrait Series currency notes introduced in 1999.", "Q455988": "Ardeshir Hosseinpour (Persian: \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u200e, 1962 \u2013 15 January 2007) was an Iranian nuclear scientist, physics professor, and electromagnetism expert who was involved in the Iranian nuclear program. He died mysteriously in early 2007 during his nuclear work at Isfahan.", "Q869352": "Qantas Freight is a subsidiary company of Australia's largest airline Qantas, responsible for the air cargo operations of the Qantas group. It is the owner of freight airline Express Freighters Australia, freight forwarder Qantas Courier and trucking company Jets Transport Express. Qantas Freight was also a partner in two joint ventures with Australia Post: Australian air Express, specialising in door-to-door package delivery, and Star Track Express, a road freight company. In November 2012 Qantas Freight fully acquired Australia air Express and divested its shareholding in Star Track to Australia Post. Qantas Freight was also the owner of Asian-based freight forwarder DPEXWorldwide until that company was acquired by its competitor Toll Holdings in 2010.", "Q67289": "Signau is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q206635": "Trembling Before G-d is a 2001 American documentary film about gay and lesbian Orthodox Jews trying to reconcile their sexuality with their faith. It was directed by Sandi Simcha DuBowski, an American who wanted to compare Orthodox Jewish attitudes to homosexuality with his own upbringing as a gay Conservative Jew.\nThe film received ten award nominations, winning seven, including Best Documentary awards at the 2001 Berlin and Chicago film festivals. However, some criticized the film as showing a one-sided view of Orthodox Judaism's response to homosexuality. These include South African Chief Rabbi Warren Goldstein as well as Agudah spokesperson Avi Shafran.\nThe film is mostly in English, but also has some subtitled Yiddish and Hebrew. The film follows the lives of several gay and lesbian Orthodox Jews and includes interviews with rabbis and psychotherapists about Orthodox attitudes towards homosexuality. During the film's six-year production, DuBowski met hundreds of homosexual Jews, but only a handful agreed to be filmed due to fear of being ostracized from their communities. Many people who agreed to be interviewed are shown only in silhouette or with their faces pixelized. The majority of the participants are American Jews, with one British and one Israeli Jew also featured. The film was successful at the box office, grossing over $788,896 on eight screens by its close date.", "Q47159": "Nathaniel Dwayne Hale (August 19, 1969 \u2013 March 15, 2011), known professionally as Nate Dogg, was an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and actor. Hale began his career as a member of the Long Beach, California rap trio 213, alongside his longtime friend Warren G and cousin Snoop Dogg. He eventually pursued a solo career, and released three solo albums, G-Funk Classics, Vol. 1 & 2 in 1998, Music & Me in 2001, and Nate Dogg as a bootlegged album in 2003 and on CD in 2014.\nHe was known for his deep, baritone singing voice, and for performing hooks, frequently collaborating with other artists such as Dr. Dre, Eminem, Warren G, Tupac Shakur, Westside Connection, Snoop Dogg, 50 Cent, Ludacris, Xzibit, and Shade Sheist on many hit releases. Nate Dogg is regarded as one of the pioneers of G-funk and West Coast hip hop.\nHale died in 2011 due to complications from multiple strokes.", "Q94301": "The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 royale du Canada), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities and Sciences of Canada (French: Acad\u00e9mies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists and artists. The primary objective of the RSC is to promote learning and research in the arts, the humanities and the sciences. The RSC is Canada's National Academy and exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both official languages, to recognize academic and artistic excellence, and to advise governments, non-governmental organizations and Canadians on matters of public interest.", "Q518122": "Born in 1971 in Marseilles, a French national, Olivier P\u00e8re graduated with a degree in Humanities from the University of Sorbonne (Paris IV).\nHe joined the French Cin\u00e9math\u00e8que in 1995, and soon became in charge of the programme, organizing numerous retrospectives and thematic seasons. Alongside his work there, in 1996 he began a long-standing collaboration with the Belfort \"Entrevues\" Film Festival, for whom he organized retrospectives. Since 1997 he has been writing for the cultural publication \"Les Inrockuptibles\" on film, television, and DVD.\nBetween 2004 and 2009, Olivier P\u00e8re headed the Directors' Fortnight, independent section at the Cannes Film Festival, organized by SRF (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des R\u00e9alisateurs de films).\nFrom September 1, 2009 until 2012 Olivier P\u00e8re was the artistic director of the Festival del film Locarno.", "Q58079": "Karl Viktor Erjavec (born 21 June 1960) is a Slovenian lawyer and politician who served in the government of Slovenia as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2018. He has been the president of the Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia from 2005 to 2020. He was Minister of Defense from 2004 to 2008 and 2018 to 2020 and Minister of Environment and Spatial Planning from 2008 to 2010.", "Q972766": "Hollis Alpert (September 24, 1916 \u2013 November 18, 2007) was an American film critic and author. Alpert was best known as the cofounder of the National Society of Film Critics, which he started in his New York City apartment.\n\n", "Q444885": "Lewis Williams Douglas (July 2, 1894 \u2013 March 7, 1974) was an American politician, diplomat, businessman and academic.", "Q1533808": "Godfrey Lowell Cabot (February 26, 1861 \u2013 November 2, 1962) was an American industrialist who founded the Cabot Corporation.", "Q1587413": "Hartmut Enke (20 October 1952 \u2013 27 December 2005) was a German musician, best known as the bass guitarist in Ash Ra Tempel.\nHartmut Enke formed his first band with Manuel G\u00f6ttsching at his 15th birthday party in 1967. Three years later he was a member of G\u00f6ttsching's \"Steeple Chase Bluesband\" which would evolve into Ash Ra Tempel.\nEnke decided to quit the music business in 1973, and was not present at Ash Ra Tempel's reunion in 2000. He died in late 2005, aged 53.", "Q455036": "Kristie Lu Stout (simplified Chinese: \u9c81\u53ef\u8482; traditional Chinese: \u9b6f\u53ef\u8482; pinyin: L\u01d4 K\u011bd\u00ec, born December 7, 1974) is an American journalist and news anchor for CNN International. She hosts the daily news show News Stream, which emphasizes news connected with technology, and the monthly news discussion programme, On China.", "Q70093": "Evilard/Leubringen is a bilingual municipality in the Biel/Bienne administrative district of the canton of Bern, Switzerland. The French name of the municipality is Evilard and the German name is Leubringen.\nThe municipality contains two separate settlements, called in French Evilard and Macolin, in German Leubringen and Magglingen, and a rural area called in French the Pr\u00e9 de Macolin.", "Q1392523": "Spencer Woolley Kimball (March 28, 1895 \u2013 November 5, 1985) was an American business, civic, and religious leader, and was the twelfth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The grandson of early Latter-day Saint apostle Heber C. Kimball, Kimball was born in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory. He spent most of his early life in Thatcher, Arizona, where his father, Andrew Kimball, farmed and served as the area's stake president. He served an LDS mission from 1914 to 1916, then worked for various banks in Arizona's Gila Valley as a clerk and bank teller. Kimball later co-founded a business, selling bonds and insurance that, after weathering the Great Depression, became highly successful. Kimball served as a stake president in his hometown from 1938 until 1943, when he was called to serve as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.\nLike most other LDS Church apostles, Kimball traveled extensively to fulfill a wide variety of administrative and ecclesiastical duties. Early in his time as an apostle, Kimball was directed by church president George Albert Smith to spend extra time in religious and humanitarian work with Native Americans, which Kimball did throughout his life. He initiated the Indian Placement Program, which helped many Native American students gain education in the 1960s and 1970s while they stayed with LDS foster families.\nIn late 1973, following the sudden death of church president Harold B. Lee, Kimball became the twelfth president of the LDS Church, a position he held until his death in 1985. Kimball's presidency was noted for the 1978 announcement ending the restriction on church members of black African descent being ordained to the priesthood or receiving temple ordinances. Kimball's presidency saw large growth in the LDS Church, both in terms of membership and the number of temples. Kimball was the first church president to state publicly that the church expects all able-bodied male members to serve missions in young adulthood, resulting in an increase in missionary service.", "Q31971": "Reap the Wild Wind is an American 1942 adventure film starring Ray Milland, John Wayne, Paulette Goddard, Robert Preston, and Susan Hayward, and directed by Cecil B. DeMille, his second picture to be filmed in color. It is based on a serialized story written by Thelma Strabel in 1940 for The Saturday Evening Post. The movie, released shortly after the United States' entry into World War II, was a swashbuckling adventure set in the 1840s along the Florida coast, and was wildly successful.\nWhile he based his film on Strabel's story, DeMille took liberties with details such as sibling relationships and subplots, while staying true to the spirit of the story, which centers on a headstrong, independent woman portrayed by Paulette Goddard.", "Q323489": "Jean Alexandre Buchon (21 May 1791 \u2013 29 August 1849) was a French scholar born at Menetou-Salon (Cher).\nBuchon was an ardent Liberal and took an active part in party struggles under the Restoration, while throwing himself into the historical regeneration then taking place.\n\nDuring 1822 and the succeeding years he travelled about Europe in search of materials for his Collection des chroniques nationales fran\u00e7aises \u00e9crites en langue vulgaire, du XIe au XVIe si\u00e8cle (4 vols, 1824\u20131829).\nAfter the revolution of 1830 he founded the Pantheon litt\u00e9raire, in which he published a Choix d'ouvrages mystiques (1843), a Choix de monuments primitifs de l'\u00e9glise chr\u00eatienne (1837), a Choix des historiens grecs (1837), a collection of Chroniques trangres relatives aux expeditions fran\u00e7aises pendant le XIII si\u00e8cle (1840), and, most important of all, a Choix de chroniques et m\u00e9moires sur l'histoire de France (1836\u20131841).\nHis travels in southern Italy and in the East had put him upon the track of the medieval French settlements in those regions, and to this subject he devoted several important works:\n\nRecherches et matriaux pour servir d'une histoire de la domination fran\u00e7aise dans les provinces de membres de l'empire grec (1840)\nNouvelles recherches historiques sur la principaute fran\u00e7aise de More et ses hautes baronnies (2 vols, 1843\u20131844)\nHistoire des conqu\u00e8tes et de l'\u00e9tablissement des Fran\u00e7ais dans les \u00e9tats de l'ancienne Gr\u00e8ce sous es Villehardouin (1846, unfinished)None of his publications can be described as thoroughly scholarly but they have been of great service to history, and those concerning the East have an especial value of original research.\n\n This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Buchon, Jean Alexandre\". Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.", "Q453447": "Gabriyel\u2019 Arkadyevich Ureklyan (Russian: \u0413\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u044d\u0301\u043b\u044c \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u0301\u043d; 15 December 1899 \u2013 30 June 1945), better known as El-Registan (\u042d\u043b\u044c-\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d), was a Soviet Armenian poet.", "Q241218": "Star Trek V: The Final Frontier is a 1989 American science fiction film directed by William Shatner and based on the television series Star Trek created by Gene Roddenberry. It is the fifth installment in the Star Trek film series, and takes place shortly after the events of Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986). Its plot follows the crew of the USS Enterprise-A as they confront the renegade Vulcan Sybok, who is searching for God at the center of the galaxy.\nThe film was directed by cast member William Shatner, following two films directed by his co-star Leonard Nimoy. Shatner also developed the initial storyline, in which Sybok searches for God but instead finds an alien being; his primary inspiration was the phenomenon of televangelism and the high potential for fraud among its practitioners. Many involved objected to the script and plot. Series creator Gene Roddenberry disliked the original script, while Nimoy and DeForest Kelley objected to the premise that their characters, Spock and Leonard McCoy, would betray Shatner's James T. Kirk. The script went through multiple revisions to please the cast and Paramount Pictures, including cuts in the effects-laden climax of the film. Despite a Writers Guild strike cutting into the film's pre-production, Paramount commenced filming in October 1988. Many Star Trek veterans assisted in the film's production; art director Nilo Rodis developed the designs for many of the film's locales, shots, and characters, while Herman Zimmerman served as its production designer. Production problems plagued the film on set and during location shooting in Yosemite National Park and the Mojave Desert. As effects house Industrial Light & Magic's best crews were busy and would be too expensive, the production used Bran Ferren's company for the film's effects, which had to be revised several times in order to lower production costs. The film's ending was reworked because of poor test-audience reaction and the failure of planned special effects. Jerry Goldsmith, composer for Star Trek: The Motion Picture, returned to score The Final Frontier.\nThe Final Frontier was released in North America on June 9, 1989. It had the highest opening gross of any Star Trek film at that point and was number one in its first week at the box office; however, its grosses quickly dropped in subsequent weeks. The film received generally mixed to poor reviews by critics on release, and, according to its producer, \"nearly killed the franchise\". The next entry in the series, Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991), received a much more positive reception.", "Q59401": "Jenny d'H\u00e9ricourt (1809\u20131875), also Jenny P. d'H\u00e9ricourt, was a feminist activist, writer, and a physician-midwife. \nShe was born Jeanne-Marie-Fabienne Poinsard, in Besan\u00e7on, France, to Protestant parents. Her father, Jean-Pierre Poinsard, a clock gilder, was born in the town of H\u00e9ricourt, Haute-Sa\u00f4ne, from which Jenny later took her pseudonym. After running a private girls' school, she married Gabriel Marie. However, they soon separated (divorce did not exist under French law at that time). D'H\u00e9ricourt wrote her first novel, Le Fils du r\u00e9prouv\u00e9 (\"The son of the reprobate\")(1844), under the pseudonym F\u00e9lix Lamb. She was an enthusiastic supporter of \u00c9tienne Cabet, the French socialist, and took part in the Revolution of 1848. She studied medicine privately in Paris in the 1850s, and later practiced midwifery in Paris and Chicago. She lived in the United States from 1863 to 1873 and was active in the feminist movement there also.\nD'Hericourt helped develop an unofficial international network of feminists during the first half of the 19th century. They provided each other with moral support and exchanged ideas. She also wrote an influential rebuttal to the sexist essays of the anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and historian Jules Michelet.", "Q381028": "Paranormal Activity is a 2007 American supernatural horror film co-produced, written, directed, photographed and edited by Oren Peli. It centers on a young couple (Katie Featherston and Micah Sloat) who are haunted by a supernatural presence in their home. They then set up a camera to document what is haunting them. The film utilizes found-footage conventions that were mirrored in the later films of the series.\nOriginally developed as an independent feature and given film festival screenings in 2007, the film was acquired by Paramount Pictures and modified, particularly with a new ending. It was given a limited U.S. release on September 25, 2009, and then a nationwide release on October 16, 2009. The film earned nearly $108 million at the U.S. box office and a further $85 million internationally for a worldwide total of $193 million. Paramount/DreamWorks acquired the U.S. rights for $350,000. It is the most profitable film ever made, based on return on investment, although such figures are difficult to verify independently as this is likely to exclude marketing costs.The film is the first (chronologically, the third) entry in the Paranormal Activity film series. A parallel sequel and prequel, Paranormal Activity 2, was released in 2010. The success of the first two films would spawn additional films in the series: the prequel Paranormal Activity 3 in 2011, and Paranormal Activity 4 (the sequel to the second installment) in 2012. The fifth installment, The Marked Ones, was released in 2014, and the sixth installment, The Ghost Dimension, was released in 2015.\nOn June 19, 2019, Paramount announced that a seventh installment is in development and will be released in 2022, it was originally scheduled for 2021.", "Q463584": "Fiona Elizabeth Fullerton (born 10 October 1956) is a British actress and singer, known for her role as Alice in the 1972 film Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and as Bond girl KGB spy Pola Ivanova in the 1985 James Bond film A View to a Kill.", "Q734302": "Madina Lake is an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago in 2005. Madina Lake released their debut album From Them, Through Us, to You through Roadrunner Records on March 27, 2007. Madina Lake won Best International Newcomer at the Kerrang! Awards 2007. The group disbanded in September 2013 before reuniting in February 2017.", "Q553335": "Charles Christopher Cox (born October 16, 1952) is an American business leader and former Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, a 17-year Republican member of the United States House of Representatives, and member of the White House staff in the Reagan Administration. Prior to his Washington service he was a practicing attorney, teacher, and entrepreneur. He currently serves as counsel at the international law firm of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius and as a director, trustee and advisor to for-profit and nonprofit organizations.", "Q177074": "Daniel Chamier (1564\u20131621) was a Huguenot minister in France, founder of the Academy of Montpellier and author.", "Q483316": "Kim Wan-seop (born 1963) is a South Korean writer, novelist, journalist, and educator. A native of Gwangju, he participated in the 1980 Gwangju Democratization Movement, and is a critic of his home country's alleged nationalism and fascism.\n\n", "Q42747": "Heinrich Theodor B\u00f6ll (German: [b\u0153l]; 21 December 1917 \u2013 16 July 1985) was one of Germany's foremost post\u2013World War II writers. B\u00f6ll was awarded the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize in 1967 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1972.\n\n", "Q1038200": "Carl Frode Tiller (born 4 January 1970 in Namsos) is a Norwegian author, historian and musician. His works are in Nynorsk (lit. \"New Norwegian\"), one of the two official Norwegian standard languages. \nTiller made his literary debut in 2001 with the novel Skr\u00e5ninga (The Slope), which was recognized as the best Norwegian literary debut of the year with the Tarjei Vesaas' debutantpris and nominated for the Brage Prize. In November 2007 Tiller was awarded the Brage Prize for his novel no:Innsirkling (Encirclement). In the fall of 2007 no:Innsirkling received the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature and was nominated for the premiere Scandinavian literature prize, the Nordic Council's Literature Prize. It also won him the European Union Literary Award in 2009. \nTiller is also a musician in the band Kong Ler.\nHis daughter is a member of UHSN. Her name is Oline.", "Q359325": "Clifford Vivian Devon Curtis (born 27 July 1968) is a New Zealand actor. His film credits include Once Were Warriors (1994), Three Kings (1999), Blow (2001), Training Day (2001), Whale Rider (2002), Sunshine (2007), Live Free or Die Hard (2007) and The Dark Horse (2014), for which he won the Best Performance by an Actor award at the 2014 Asia Pacific Screen Awards. Curtis had television series roles on NBC\u2019s Trauma and ABC's Body of Proof and Missing. From 2015 to 2017, Curtis portrayed Travis Manawa on the AMC horror drama series Fear the Walking Dead.Ethnically M\u0101ori, his many character roles have included a range of ethnicities, such as Latin American and Arab. Curtis is co-owner of the independent New Zealand production company Whenua Films.", "Q168154": "Once Upon a Time in the West (Italian: C'era una volta il West, transl.\u2009\"Once upon a time (there was) the West\") is a 1968 epic Spaghetti Western film directed by Sergio Leone, who co-wrote it with Sergio Donati based on a story by Dario Argento, Bernardo Bertolucci and Leone. It stars Henry Fonda, cast against type, as the villain, Charles Bronson as his nemesis, Claudia Cardinale as a newly widowed homesteader, and Jason Robards as a bandit. The widescreen cinematography was by Tonino Delli Colli, and the acclaimed film score was by Ennio Morricone.\nAfter directing The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, Leone decided to retire from Westerns and desired to produce his film based on The Hoods, which eventually became Once Upon a Time in America. However, Leone accepted an offer from Paramount Pictures to provide access to Henry Fonda and to use a budget to produce another Western film. He recruited Bertolucci and Argento to devise the plot of the film in 1966, researching other Western films in the process. After Clint Eastwood turned down an offer to play the movie's protagonist, Bronson was offered the role. During production, Leone recruited Donati to rewrite the script due to concerns over time limitations.\nThe original version by the director was 166 minutes (2 hours and 46 minutes) when it was first released on 21 December 1968. This was the version that was to be shown in European cinemas and was a box office success. For the US release on 28 May 1969, Once Upon a Time in the West was edited down to 145 minutes (2 hours and 25 minutes) by Paramount and was a financial flop. The film is the first installment in Leone's Once Upon a Time Trilogy, followed by Duck, You Sucker! and Once Upon a Time in America, though the films do not share any characters in common.In 2009, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\".", "Q108878": "For the Danish economist and editor, see Ernst Immanuel Cohen Brandes.Ernst Brandes (3 October 1758 \u2013 13 May 1810) was a Hannoverian lawyer, official, writer, and scholar.\nBrandes witnessed the French Revolution as a journalist. Influenced by Edmund Burke, he is regarded by commentators as a voice of conservatism and Anglophile political views during the Enlightenment.\nHis 1787 treatise Ueber die Weiber argued against the emerging feminist notion of the equality of the sexes.", "Q917854": "Mount Jerome Cemetery & Crematorium (Irish: Reilig Chnoc\u00e1n Iar\u00f3m) is situated in Harold's Cross on the south side of Dublin, Ireland. Since its foundation in 1836, it has witnessed over 300,000 burials. Originally an exclusively Protestant cemetery, Roman Catholics have also been buried there since the 1920s.", "Q448701": "Scott D. Davis is a new age pianist from Dixon, California. He has released five albums. He considers his style to be similar to pianists David Lanz, George Winston, Yanni, and Michael Nyman.", "Q44336": "Nicolaas Thomas Bernhard (German: [\u02c8to\u02d0mas \u02c8b\u025b\u0281nha\u0281t]; 9 February 1931 \u2013 12 February 1989) was an Austrian novelist, playwright and poet. Bernhard's body of work has been called \"the most significant literary achievement since World War II.\" He is widely considered to be one of the most important German-speaking authors of the postwar, postmodernist era.\n\n", "Q1323698": "Indian classical music is the classical music of the Indian subcontinent. It has two major traditions: the North Indian classical music tradition is called Hindustani, while the South Indian expression is called Carnatic. These traditions were not distinct until about the 16th century. During the period of Islamic rule of the Indian subcontinent, the traditions separated and evolved into distinct forms. Hindustani music emphasizes improvisation and exploring all aspects of a raga, while Carnatic performances tend to be short and composition-based. However, the two systems continue to have more common features than differences.The roots of the classical music of India are found in the Vedic literature of Hinduism and the ancient Natyashastra, the classic Sanskrit text on performance arts by Bharata Muni. The 13th century Sanskrit text Sangita-Ratnakara of Sarangadeva is regarded as the definitive text by both the Hindustani music and the Carnatic music traditions.Indian classical music has two foundational elements, raga and tala. The raga, based on swara (notes including microtones), forms the fabric of a melodic structure, while the tala measures the time cycle. The raga gives an artist a palette to build the melody from sounds, while the tala provides them with a creative framework for rhythmic improvisation using time. In Indian classical the space between the notes is often more important than the notes themselves, and it does not have Western classical concepts such as harmony, counterpoint, chords, or modulation.", "Q9349505": "Team Shachi (stylized as TEAM SHACHI), formerly Team Syachihoko (\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u3057\u3083\u3061\u307b\u3053), is a Japanese female idol group consisting of four girls from the city of Nagoya.\n\n", "Q451250": "The End of Violence is a 1997 drama film by the German director Wim Wenders. The film's cast includes Bill Pullman, Andie MacDowell, Gabriel Byrne, Traci Lind, Rosalind Chao, and Loren Dean, among others. It also features a soundtrack marked with the signature sounds of Wenders regulars Jon Hassell, Ry Cooder, and Bono. The film was praised by a select few critics for its cinematography, but performed poorly in the box office. It was entered into the 1997 Cannes Film Festival.The movie had a budget of $5 million, but only received $386,673 in its domestic box office.\nLike many other of Wenders' American movies, the film was shot in multiple locations, for instance the Griffith Observatory in Griffith Park and the Santa Monica Pier.\nA scene in the film shows a live recreation of the painting Nighthawks by Edward Hopper.\n\n", "Q3305740": "Cyma Zarghami (Persian: \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u200e, born December 15, 1962) is an Iranian American cable television executive who served as the president of Nickelodeon and Viacom Media Networks Kids & Family Group from 2006 to 2018.", "Q127643": "Estrella Castro Navarrete known professionally as Estrellita Castro (26 June 1908 in Seville \u2013 10 July 1983 in Madrid) was a Spanish singer and actress.\n\n", "Q43459": "Abul-Q\u00e2sem Ferdowsi Tusi (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u200e; c. 940\u20131020), or just Ferdowsi (\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633\u06cc) was a Persian poet and the author of Shahnameh (\"Book of Kings\"), which is one of the world's longest epic poems created by a single poet, and the national epic of Greater Iran. Ferdowsi is celebrated as the most influential figure in Persian literature and one of the greatest in the history of literature.", "Q359331": "Kevin Connolly (born March 5, 1974) is an American actor and director. He is best known for his role as Eric Murphy in the HBO series Entourage, and his role as the eldest son Ryan Malloy in the 1990s television sitcom Unhappily Ever After. Connolly is also a director, having directed many episodes of television as well as the films Gardener of Eden, Dear Eleanor and Gotti.", "Q167273": "The Reial Acad\u00e8mia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi (Catalan pronunciation: [r\u0259\u02c8jal \u0259k\u0259\u02c8\u00f0\u025bmi.\u0259 k\u0259t\u0259\u02c8lan\u0259 \u00f0\u0259 \u02c8\u03b2e\u028e\u0259z \u02c8a\u027ets \u00f0\u0259 \u02c8sa\u0272 \u02c8\u0292\u0254\u027e\u00f0i], in English \"Royal Catalan Academy of Fine Arts of Saint George\") is a Catalan art school located in Barcelona. The president is the architect Jordi Bonet i Armengol.\nThe institution was founded as a cost-free school of painting, sculpture and architecture under the former name Escola Gratu\u00efta de Disseny by the Catalan trade council in 1775. In 1849 the school became a member of the provincial academies of arts in Spain (Acad\u00e8mies Provincials de Belles Arts), and in 1900 it became autonomous. Today, the ancient school is divided into the faculty of fine arts of the University of Barcelona and the vocational art school, named Escola Superior de Disseny i d\u2019Art Llotja. In 1930 the RACBASJ lost its provincial character and thenceforward it has perceived itself as the Catalan academy of arts. The courses offered include also music and other fine arts.", "Q204750": "Barbara Bates (born Barbara Jane Bates; August 6, 1925 \u2013 March 18, 1969) was an American singer and actress, who is known for her portrayal of Phoebe in the 1950 drama film All About Eve.\n\n", "Q349122": "Susan Slept Here is a 1954 American romantic comedy film directed by Frank Tashlin and starring Dick Powell (in his last film role) and Debbie Reynolds. Shot in Technicolor, the film is based on the play of the same name by Steve Fisher and Alex Gottlieb. Tashlin later revised the film's plotline and reused it in 1962 for the production Bachelor Flat.", "Q120138": "Rudolf Gwalther (1519\u20131586) was a Reformed pastor and Protestant reformer who succeeded Heinrich Bullinger as Antistes of the Zurich church.", "Q107587": "Thomas Welz (born 1957 as Thomas Berndt in Bad Berka) grew up in the suburbs of Berlin. \nAs head of the information department, he was editor and author of several illegal samizdat publications with Rainer Eppelmann of the peace circle of the East Berlin Samariterkirche (Church of the Good Samaritan) in Berlin-Friedrichshain. Many of them became the mouthpiece of the East German civil rights movement, including publications like \"Shalom\", \"Wegzehrung\" and \"Wendezeit\", one of the first publications, in where term \"Wende\" was used.\nDuring his military service in the NVA, Thomas Welz was detained for five months from October 1978 in the infamous military prison in Schwedt.\nWelz, active in various initiatives and ad hoc groups of the East German opposition and the peace movement was co-founder of the oppositional political group Democratic Awakening in 1989. After German reunification in 1990, he was active in the Social Democratic Party of Germany. He is married and has two sons. He lives in Berlin.\n\n", "Q940918": "Hubert van Es (6 July 1941 \u2013 15 May 2009) was a Dutch photographer and photojournalist who took the well-known photo on 29 April 1975, which shows South Vietnamese civilians scrambling to board a CIA Air America helicopter during the U.S. evacuation of Saigon. The picture was taken a day before the Fall of Saigon.\nVan Es was variously known in his working life as \"Hu\", the anglicized \"Hugh\" and the nickname \"Vanes,\" to rhyme with \"planes\".", "Q3499732": "Stones in Exile is a 2010 documentary film about the recording of the 1972 The Rolling Stones album Exile on Main St. Directed by Stephen Kijak, it premiered at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival. It had its worldwide premiere on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon. Fallon announced on his show that he would mark the re-release of the album with a week's worth of musicians performing songs from the album. The final night of the week, he held the premiere.", "Q284636": "Jason Kent Bateman (born January 14, 1969) is an American actor, director, and producer. He began acting on television in the early 1980s on Little House on the Prairie, Silver Spoons, and The Hogan Family. In the 2000s, he became known for his role of Michael Bluth using deadpan comedy in the sitcom Arrested Development, for which he won a Golden Globe and a Satellite Award. He has also starred in the films Teen Wolf Too (1987), The Break-Up (2006), Juno (2007), Hancock (2008), Up in the Air, Couples Retreat, Extract (all 2009), The Switch (2010), Horrible Bosses (2011) and its sequel (2014), The Gift (2015), Office Christmas Party, Zootopia (both 2016) and Game Night (2018).\nBateman made his directorial debut with the black comedy Bad Words (2013), in which he also starred. He has since directed and starred in The Family Fang (2015) and the Netflix crime drama series Ozark (2017\u2013present). Bateman was awarded the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series in 2019 for his directing of Ozark and has won a Screen Actors Guild Award for his performance.", "Q57438": "Macky Sall (born 11 December 1961) is a Senegalese politician who has been President of Senegal since April 2012. He was re-elected President in the first round voting in February 2019 Senegalese presidential election. Under President Abdoulaye Wade, Sall was Prime Minister of Senegal from July 2004 to June 2007 and President of the National Assembly from June 2007 to November 2008. He was the Mayor of Fatick from 2002 to 2008 and held that post again from 2009 to 2012.\nSall was a long-time member of the Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS). After coming into conflict with Wade, he was removed from his post as President of the National Assembly in November 2008; he consequently founded his own party named APR, and joined the opposition. Placing second in the first round of the 2012 presidential election, he won the backing of other opposition candidates and prevailed over Wade in the second round of voting, held on 25 March 2012.", "Q333856": "Marcus Vin\u00edcius da Cruz e Mello Moraes (19 October 1913 \u2013 9 July 1980), also known as Vin\u00edcius de Moraes (Portuguese pronunciation: [vi\u02c8nisju\u0283 d\u0292i mo\u02c8\u027eaj\u0283]) and nicknamed O Poetinha (\"The little poet\"), was a Brazilian poet, lyricist, essayist, and playwright. He served as a diplomat, composed bossa nova music, and recorded several albums.", "Q70087": "Wilhelm K\u00fclz (18 February 1875 \u2013 10 April 1948) was a German liberal politician of the National Liberal Party, the German Democratic Party (DDP) and later the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (LDPD). He held public office both in the German Empire and in the Weimar Republic. In 1926, he served as interior minister of Germany in the cabinets of chancellors Hans Luther and Wilhelm Marx.", "Q77930": "Katharina Hacker (born 11 January 1967) is a German author best known for her award-winning novel Die Habenichtse (The Have-Nots). Hacker studied philosophy, history and Jewish studies at the University of Freiburg and the University of Jerusalem. Her studies in Israel have been seen as an attempt to redo the strong anti Semitic feelings of her Silesian grandmother. She did not finish her studies with an academic degree. Since 1996 she has been living as a freelance writer in Berlin.\nIn 2006 she was the second writer to be awarded the German Book Prize for Die Habenichtse. In this and other works, Hacker examines the consequences of globalization and neoliberalism on the working life, social relations, and family interactions of her German protagonists.", "Q49606": "Yury Petrovich Vlasov (Russian: \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432; born 5 December 1935) is a Soviet writer and retired heavyweight weightlifter and politician. He competed at the 1960 and 1964 Olympics and won a gold medal in 1960 and a silver in 1964; at both games he was the Olympic flag bearer for the Soviet Union. During his career Vlasov won four world titles and set 31 ratified world records. He retired in 1968 and became a prominent writer and later a politician. He was a member of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union (1989) and then of the Russian State Duma (1993) and took part in the 1996 Russian presidential election.", "Q730170": "Yuri Georgiyevich Shargin (Russian: \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0438\u043d) is a retired cosmonaut of the Russian Space Forces.\nHe was born March 20, 1960, in Engels, Saratov Oblast, Russian SFSR. His father was Jewish. He is divorced and has two children.\nShargin graduated from the Military Engineering Academy for Aeronautics and Astronautics located in Leningrad. He is a lieutenant colonel in the Russian Space Forces.\nHe was selected as a cosmonaut on February 9, 1996.\nHe was selected in 2004, to be the flight engineer on the Soyuz TMA-5 mission to the International Space Station. \nShargin was the first Russian Space Forces cosmonaut to launch into space. Due to his late addition to the crew and lack of background information or information about his activities in space, some questioned the motives of his flight. However, chief flight director Vladimir Solovyov, assured, \u201cWe, on the ISS, are not involved in military matters.\u201d\nAfter nearly 10 days in space, he returned to Earth on board Soyuz TMA-4He retired from the cosmonaut corps in August 2008\n\n", "Q2960351": "Charles Silas Richard Trowbridge (January 10, 1882 \u2013 October 30, 1967) was an American film actor. He appeared in 233 films between 1915 and 1958. \n\n", "Q71399": "Max Schneckenburger (17 February 1819 \u2013 3 May 1849) was a German poet. The patriotic hymn \"Die Wacht am Rhein\" uses the text of a poem Schneckenburger wrote in 1840.\nSchneckenburger was born in Talheim near Tuttlingen, W\u00fcrttemberg. The younger brother of Matthias Schneckenburger, he was a co-owner of an iron blast furnace company, and his business sent him across the Rhine River to Switzerland. Due to this connection, a first version of his poem was set to music and performed there in 1840 by local musicians. This Bern version is now largely forgotten. Schneckenburger died in Burgdorf near Bern.\nThe well-known music to his poem was composed by Karl Wilhelm in 1854, five years after his death.\nAfter the use of the song in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 made him and Wilhelm famous, his widow and two sons were granted an annual pension of 3,000 Mark by Otto von Bismarck's Reichskanzleramt. The rest of his German songs were published in Stuttgart in 1870.\nOn 18 July 1886, Schneckenburger's remains were returned to his native town Talheim in the German Empire.", "Q1393629": "Erik Gustaf Larson (8 July 1887 \u2013 4 July 1968) was a Swedish automotive engineer and the co-founder of Volvo. He held a Master of Science (M. Sc.) degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.", "Q3168528": "Jean-Paul Herteman is a French aerospace engineer, materials scientist and chief executive. He was CEO of Safran until 23 April 2015, the French Aerospace engine & equipment manufacturer and Chairman of both the French Aerospace Industries Association (GIFAS) and of the AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe(ASD). He is Vice-Chairman of the Conseil g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l'armement (General Council of Armament) chaired by the Minister of Defence.", "Q1446529": "Eskorbuto are a punk band from Santurtzi (Greater Bilbao, Basque Autonomous Community, Spain) that formed in 1980. They have been one of the most influential bands for Spanish and Latin American punk rock. They are known for their strong attitude and crude lyrics. They were one of the first bands to perform punk with lyrics in Spanish. Eskorbuto is a modified word taken from escorbuto (scurvy in Spanish).\nAlong with the band La Polla Records, Eskorbuto has been very influential in the Spanish rock and punk scene.\nBy 2015, Pako Gal\u00e1n announced that the band come back to performing again. In May 2016, the new line-up is presented with Ali Kala\u00f1a (bass and lead vocals) and Naty Penadas (guitar and backing vocals) and Pako as the only continuous member.", "Q103939": "Carlos Irwin Est\u00e9vez (born September 3, 1965), known professionally as Charlie Sheen, is an American actor. Sheen has appeared in films including Platoon (1986), Wall Street (1987), Young Guns (1988), Eight Men Out (1988), Major League (1989), Hot Shots! (1991), and The Three Musketeers (1993).\nIn the 2000s, when Sheen replaced Michael J. Fox in Spin City, his performance earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy. He then starred in Two and a Half Men, which earned him several Golden Globe and Emmy Award nominations. He most recently starred in the FX comedy series Anger Management, which concluded its 100-episode run in 2014. In 2010, Sheen was the highest-paid actor on television and earned US$1.8 million per episode of Two and a Half Men.Sheen's personal life has made headlines, including reports of alcohol and drug abuse and marital problems, as well as allegations of domestic violence. In March 2011, his contract for Two and a Half Men was terminated by CBS and Warner Bros following his derogatory comments about the series' creator, Chuck Lorre. On November 17, 2015, Sheen publicly revealed that he is HIV positive, having been diagnosed about four years earlier.\n\n", "Q68810": "Personico is a municipality in the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q10773": "Pegau is a town in the Leipzig district in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, situated in a fertile plain, on the White Elster, 18 m. S.W. from Leipzig by the railway to Zeitz.\nIt has two Evangelical churches, that of St. Lawrence being a fine Gothic structure, a 16th-century town-hall; a very old hospital and an agricultural school. In the 19th Century, its industries included the manufacture of felt, boots and metal wares.", "Q304744": "Genaro Garc\u00eda Luna (born July 10, 1968, in Mexico City) is a former Mexican government employee and engineer. He served as Secretary of Public Security in the federal cabinet.\nAfter his term working for the Mexican government, Genaro works as a consultant and businessman evaluating the social, political and financial economics in Mexico and Latin America. He is a partner in the company GLAC which provides an index to evaluate risk and security conditions. The GLAC index is also published in El Heraldo De Mexico, and El Financiero and is used by the business community to evaluate the risk and security conditions for different states and cities in Mexico.Garc\u00eda Luna was included in a list of the \"10 most corrupt Mexicans\" published by Forbes in 2013. He broke a self-imposed silence in a letter to Steve Forbes that his inclusion in the list was based on lies and that it lacked journalistic integrity.\nHe is the author of Contra el crimen: \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 1,661 corporaciones de polic\u00eda no bastan? Pasado, Presente y Futuro de la Polic\u00eda en M\u00e9xico (2006) [Against Crime: Why 1,661 police forces are not enough. Past, Present and Future of Police in Mexico], where he first laid out the basic concepts of the New Police Model for Mexico, placing the emphasis on the importance of intelligence tasks, and \u201cEl Nuevo Modelo de Seguridad para M\u00e9xico\u201d (2011), which indicates what are the considerations and the state vision to confront a national priority.\nIn the 2018 trial of the drug kingpin Joaqu\u00edn \"El Chapo\" Guzm\u00e1n Loera, El Chapo's partner Ismael Zambada Garc\u00eda\u2019s brother, Jesus Zambada Garc\u00eda, testified to bribing Garc\u00eda Luna with suitcases stuffed with $3 million in cash on two occasions. On December 9, 2019, Garc\u00eda Luna was arrested in Dallas on charges of taking millions in bribes from the Sinaloa cartel.", "Q624111": "The Arab Socialist Union (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u200e al-Itti\u1e25\u0101d al-I\u0161tir\u0101k\u012b al-\u02bfArab\u012b) was an Egyptian political party based on the principles of Nasserist Arab socialism.", "Q38799": "Hamas (Arabic: \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u1e24am\u0101s, an acronym of \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u1e24arakat al-Muq\u0101wamah al-\u02beIsl\u0101miyyah [Islamic Resistance Movement]) is a Palestinian Sunni-Islamic fundamentalist militant organization. It has a social service wing, Dawah, and a military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. It has been the de facto governing authority of the Gaza Strip since its takeover of that area in 2007. During this period it fought several wars with Israel. Israel, the United States and the European Union classify, either in whole or in part, Hamas as a terrorist organization. This classification is one among various and diverse international positions on the nature of Hamas. Russia, China, and Turkey are some countries who view Hamas in a positive light.Hamas was founded in 1987, soon after the First Intifada broke out, as an offshoot of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, which in its Gaza branch had been non-confrontational towards Israel, refrained from resistance, and was hostile to the PLO. Co-founder Sheik Ahmed Yassin stated in 1987, and the Hamas Charter affirmed in 1988, that Hamas was founded to liberate Palestine, including modern-day Israel, from Israeli occupation and to establish an Islamic state in the area that is now Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The group has stated that it may accept a 10-year truce if Israel withdraws to the 1967 borders and allows Palestinian refugees from 1948, including their descendants, to return to what is now Israel, although clarifying that this does not mean recognition of Israel or the end of the conflict. Hamas's military wing objected to the truce offer.The military wing of Hamas has launched attacks against Israeli civilians and soldiers, often describing them as retaliatory, in particular for assassinations of the upper echelon of their leadership. Tactics have included suicide bombings and, since 2001, rocket attacks. Hamas's rocket arsenal, though mainly consisting of short-range homemade Qassam rockets, also includes long-range weapons that have reached major Israeli cities including Tel Aviv and Haifa. The attacks on civilians have been condemned as war crimes and crimes against humanity by human rights groups such as Human Rights Watch. A 2017 Palestinian Center for Public Opinion poll in the Palestinian territories revealed that Hamas violence and rhetoric against Israelis are unpopular and that a majority of Palestinians would rather Hamas \"accept a permanent two-state solution based on the 1967 borders.\"In the January 2006 Palestinian parliamentary elections, Hamas won a plurality in the Palestinian Parliament, defeating the PLO-affiliated Fatah party. Following the elections, the Quartet (the United States, Russia, United Nations, and European Union) made future foreign assistance to the PA conditional upon the future government's commitment to non-violence, recognition of the state of Israel, and acceptance of previous agreements. Hamas rejected those changes, which led to the Quartet suspending its foreign assistance program and Israel imposing economic sanctions on the Hamas-led administration. In March 2007, a national unity government headed by Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas was briefly formed, but this failed to restart international financial assistance. Tensions over control of Palestinian security forces soon erupted in the 2007 Battle of Gaza, after which Hamas took control of Gaza, while its officials were ousted from government positions in the West Bank. Israel and Egypt then imposed an economic blockade of the Gaza Strip, on the grounds that Fatah forces were no longer providing security there.", "Q672357": "Michael Kevin Par\u00e9 (born October 9, 1958) is an American actor.", "Q259325": "Swen Swenson (January 23, 1930 - June 23, 1993) was a Broadway dancer and singer. Born in Inwood, Iowa, Swenson was trained by dancer Mira Rostova and at the School of American Ballet.\nOpenly gay, he had featured and co-starring roles on Broadway in such musicals such as Wildcat with Lucille Ball, Little Me (for which he received a Tony Award nomination), Annie, No, No Nanette, I Remember Mama and the 1981 revival of Can-Can. He appeared in movies and on television variety shows, including Your Show of Shows and The Ed Sullivan Show.\nSwenson died in 1993 of AIDS-related illness.", "Q122049": "Iris von Roten-Meyer (2 April 1917 \u2013 11 September 1990) was a Swiss journalist, writer, feminist, jurist and a lawyer.\nIris von Roten was born in Basel, Switzerland . She was the editor of the women's paper Schweizer Frauenblatt in 1943\u20131945. She was a feminist, inspired by Simone de Beauvoir. She is most known for her feminist work Frauen im Laufgitter: the book received such negative criticism and hostility that she was blamed for the fact that the proposal for women's suffrage was voted down in 1959.On 6 December 1955, during the \"Panthermantel Affair\", von Roten was stopped by Police officers at 2 am while on the way to her analyst. The police officers did not believe that she was a lawyer and took her to the police station where she was interrogated for refusing to comply with their questions. She later claimed that she had been Arrested because she had been wearing trousers and thus the police has mistaken her for a prostitute. Feeling discriminated against, von Roten went to the news to open a dialogue about women's right. This incident in part inspired her to write her controversial book \"Frauen im Laufgitter\"Her book \"Frauen im Laufgitter\" evoked a negative reaction from men and women alike. Men saw her as man-hating and mocked her; the women of Switzerland saw her as a radical, and blamed her for the losing vote on women's suffrage. They believed in gradual change and saw her as far too extreme. von Rotens daughter Hortenia has been quoted explaining the rejection, saying: \"Women do not like to recognize and do not gladly admit what a lousy situation they are.\"After the negative reception of her book, she left for Turkey to fulfill a childhood dream and not, as many believed, to run from the backlash. Once in Turkey, she thoroughly enjoyed herself and did as she pleased, being able to ignore Traditional Gender roles.After her short stay in Turkey, von Roten returned to Switzerland and wrote a memoir of her Travels. It was rejected by publishers. Following her rejection, she chose to continue traveling.\nIris von Roten committed suicide on 11 September 1990 at the age of 73. She was quoted saying, \"Just as a guest has to know when it's time to depart, a person should rise from the table of life while there's still time.\"", "Q465687": "Fredrika Charlotta Runeberg (2 September 1807, Jakobstad \u2013 27 May 1879, Helsinki), born Fredrika Tengstr\u00f6m, was a Finnish (Finland-Swedish) novelist, journalist and the wife of Finland's national poet Johan Ludvig Runeberg. She was a pioneer of Finnish historical fiction and one of the first woman journalists in Finland.In her own time, she was mainly known as the wife of her famous husband, poet Johan Ludvig Runeberg. The family lived most of their life in Porvoo, where she created most of her works, including the historical novel Fru Catharina Boije och hennes d\u00f6ttrar (1858). She wrote in Swedish.", "Q508325": "Friedel Pia Lindstr\u00f6m (born 20 September 1938, Stockholm, Sweden) is a television journalist, and the first child of actress Ingrid Bergman.", "Q302335": "Lazaro Alonso (born March 25, 1974) is an American film and television actor known for playing Tsu'tey in James Cameron's science fiction film Avatar and Fenix Calderon in the film Fast & Furious. Alonso has had roles in other films such as Jarhead, This Christmas, Miracle at St. Anna and Detroit. As of 2019 Alonso is part of the main cast of Amazon Prime Video\u2019s original series The Boys based on the comic book series of the same name playing the character known as \"MM\" (Mother\u2019s Milk).", "Q726074": "Ashley Walters (born 30 June 1982), also known by his stage name Asher D, is an English rapper, songwriter and actor best known for his star role as Ricky in Bullet Boy (2004), his lead role as Dushane in Top Boy, and his role as Antoine in Get Rich or Die Tryin' (2005).", "Q335599": "Ali ibn al-Husayn al-I\u1e63fah\u0101n\u012b (Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u200e), also known as Abul-Faraj (897\u2013967 CE) was an historian of Arab-Quraysh origin who is noted for collecting and preserving ancient Arabic lyrics and poems in his major work, the Kit\u0101b al-Agh\u0101n\u012b.", "Q1100947": "Johan Dahl (born 19 September 1959) is a Faroese politician currently in the Logting.", "Q216432": "Bernhard Eunom Philippi (19 September 1811 in Charlottenburg \u2013 6 September 1852) was a German naturalist, explorer and colonization agent for Chile.\n\n", "Q175111": "Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck. The Oxford English Dictionary states that hanging in this sense is \"specifically to put to death by suspension by the neck\", though it formerly also referred to crucifixion and death by impalement in which the body would remain \"hanging\". Hanging has been a common method of capital punishment since medieval times, and is the primary execution method in numerous countries and regions. The first known account of execution by hanging was in Homer's Odyssey (Book XXII). In this specialised meaning of the common word hang; the past and past participle is hanged instead of hung.\nHanging is also a common method of suicide in which a person applies a ligature to the neck and brings about unconsciousness and then death by suspension or partial suspension.", "Q969434": "George Albert Manuel Hills (6 June 1918 \u2013 13 September 2002) was a British journalist and historian. He was a BBC World Service broadcaster, Hispanist and a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society", "Q275817": "Kristen Dalton (born Kristen V. Hocking; February 14, 1973) is an American actress who has appeared in over 20 television shows.", "Q764247": "Herbert David Kelleher (March 12, 1931 \u2013 January 3, 2019) was an American billionaire airline businessman and lawyer. He was the co-founder, later CEO, and chairman emeritus of Southwest Airlines until his death in 2019.", "Q185590": "Ji\u0159ina Steimarov\u00e1 (January 24, 1916, Prague, Austria\u2013Hungary \u2013 October 7, 2007, Prague, Czech Republic) was a Czech film and television actress. \nSteimarov\u00e1 made her screen debut in the controversial 1933 Hedy Lamarr film Ecstasy. She appeared in nearly 40 films and TV shows during her career.", "Q212654": "The Washington Redskins are a professional American football team based in the Washington metropolitan area. They compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member of the NFC East. The team plays its home games at FedExField in Landover, Maryland; its headquarters and training facility are at Inova Sports Performance Center at Redskins Park in Ashburn, Virginia and the Redskins Complex in Richmond, Virginia, respectively.The Redskins have played more than 1,000 games since their founding in 1932, and are one of only five franchises in the NFL to record over 600 regular season and postseason wins, reaching that mark in 2015. The Redskins have won five NFL Championships (the latter three in Super Bowls), and have captured 14 divisional titles and five conference championships. The Redskins were the first NFL franchise with an official marching band, the Washington Redskins Marching Band, and the first with a fight song, \"Hail to the Redskins\".The team began play in Boston, Massachusetts as the Braves in 1932, and changed its name to \"Redskins\" the following year. In 1937, the team relocated to Washington, D.C., where they have been based since. The Redskins won the 1937 and 1942 NFL championship games, as well as Super Bowls XVII, XXII, and XXVI. They have been league runner-up six times, losing the 1936, 1940, 1943, and 1945 title games, and Super Bowls VII and XVIII. With 24 postseason appearances, the Redskins have an overall postseason record of 23\u201318. Their three Super Bowl wins are tied with the Las Vegas Raiders and Denver Broncos, behind the Pittsburgh Steelers and New England Patriots (six each), San Francisco 49ers and Dallas Cowboys (five each), and the Green Bay Packers and New York Giants (four each).All of the Redskins' league titles were attained during two 10-year spans. From 1936 to 1945, the Redskins went to the NFL Championship six times, winning two of them. The second period lasted between 1982 and 1991 where the Redskins appeared in the postseason seven times, captured four Conference titles, and won three Super Bowls out of four appearances. The Redskins have also experienced failure in their history. The most notable period of general failure was from 1946 to 1970, during which the Redskins posted only four winning seasons and did not have a single postseason appearance. During this period, the Redskins went without a single winning season during the years 1956\u20131968. In 1961, the franchise posted their worst regular season record with a 1\u201312\u20131 showing. Since their last Super Bowl victory following the end of the 1991 season, the Redskins have only won the NFC East three times with just nine seasons with a winning record. In those, the team only made the postseason in six of them.\nAccording to Forbes, the Redskins are the fifth most valuable franchise in the NFL, and the 14th most valuable sports franchise in the world as of 2019, valued at approximately US$3.1 billion. They also set the NFL record for single-season attendance in 2007, and have the top ten single-season attendance totals in the NFL. The team's name and logo have drawn controversy over its history, with many criticizing it as offensive to Native Americans.", "Q960376": "John Bigelow Sr. (November 25, 1817 \u2013 December 19, 1911) was an American lawyer and statesman.", "Q598050": "Antoni S\u0142onimski (15 November 1895 \u2013 4 July 1976) was a Polish poet, artist, journalist, playwright and prose writer, president of the Union of Polish Writers in 1956\u20131959 during the Polish October, known for his devotion to social justice.\nS\u0142onimski was the grandson of Hayyim Selig Slonimski, the founder of \"ha-Tsefirah\"- the first Hebrew weekly with an emphasis on the sciences. His father, an ophthalmologist, converted to Christianity when he married a Catholic woman. S\u0142onimski was born in Warsaw and baptized and raised as a Christian. S\u0142onimski studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. In 1919 he co-founded the Skamander group of experimental poets with Julian Tuwim and Jaros\u0142aw Iwaszkiewicz. In 1924 he travelled to Palestine and Brasil and in 1932 to the Soviet Union.\nS\u0142onimski spent the war years in exile in England and France, returning to Poland in 1951. He worked as contributor to popular periodicals: Nowa Kultura (1950\u20131962), Szpilki (1953\u201373) and Przegl\u0105d Kulturalny. He was an active anti-Stalinist and supporter of liberalization. In 1964 he was one of the signatories and the main author of the so-called Letter of 34 to Prime Minister J\u00f3zef Cyrankiewicz regarding freedom of culture. S\u0142onimski died on 4 July 1976 in a car accident in Warsaw.\n\n", "Q368852": "Jeong Hyeon-Cheol (hangul: \uc815\ud604\ucca0; born February 21, 1972), better known as Seo Taiji or Seo Tae-Ji (\uc11c\ud0dc\uc9c0), is a South Korean singer, musician, songwriter and record producer. After dropping out of high school to pursue a music career, he has risen to become one of the most prominent and influential cultural icons in South Korea, with many referring to him as \"the President of Culture\".Following a brief stint in the heavy metal band Sinawe, Taiji formed Seo Taiji and Boys in 1992 with whom he found immediate success. They introduced incorporating elements of popular musical genres from the West and contributed considerably larger to Korean pop culture and Korean pop's development in the 1990s. Although he initially announced retirement upon disbanding the group in 1996, Taiji released his first solo album two years later and continued his successful career.", "Q214225": "Joseph Adolphe Rovan (born Joseph Adolph Rosenthal in Munich, Germany on July 25, 1918, died July 27, 2004), was a French philosopher and politician, and is considered a spiritual father of post-war Europe. Initially born into the Jewish faith, on Whitsunday 1944 he was received into the Catholic Church.\nRovan was active in the French Resistance during World War II and was awarded the Croix de Guerre and the M\u00e9daille de la R\u00e9sistance for his services. In 1944, he was arrested by the Gestapo and survived 10 months in the Dachau concentration camp. It was during this time that he converted to Catholicism. In 1945, after his return to France, he wrote in the magazine Esprit the article \"L'Allemagne de nos m\u00e9rites,\" where he suggested that the creation of a democratic Germany on the ruins of the Third Reich was the responsibility of the Allies.\nRovan has also been awarded the Legion d'Honneur, the Ordre National du M\u00e9rite, the German Order of Merit with Star, and the Bavarian Order of Merit. He died in a swimming accident in France.", "Q96502": "Heinrich Gr\u00fcber (24 June 1891 \u2013 29 November 1975) was a Reformed theologian, opponent of Nazism and pacifist.", "Q359457": "Michael Ross Doughty ( DOH-tee; born June 10, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter and author. He founded the band Soul Coughing in 1992, and as of The Heart Watches While the Brain Burns (2016), has released 18 studio albums, live albums, and EPs, all since 2000.", "Q458260": "Alain Minc (French pronunciation: \u200b[al\u025b\u0303 \u02c8m\u025b\u0303k]; born April 15, 1949) is a French businessman, political advisor, and author.", "Q355245": "Henry George (September 2, 1839 \u2013 October 29, 1897) was an American political economist and journalist. He promoted the \"single tax\" on land, though he avoided that term. His writing was immensely popular in the 19th century America, and sparked several reform movements of the Progressive Era. He inspired the economic philosophy known as Georgism, based on the belief that people should own the value they produce themselves, but that the economic value derived from land (including natural resources) should belong equally to all members of society. He argued that a single tax on land would itself reform society and economy.\nHis most famous work, Progress and Poverty (1879), sold millions of copies worldwide, probably more than any other American book before that time. The treatise investigates the paradox of increasing inequality and poverty amid economic and technological progress, the cyclic nature of industrialized economies, and the use of rent capture such as land value tax and other anti-monopoly reforms as a remedy for these and other social problems.\nThe mid-20th century labor economist and journalist George Soule wrote that George was \"By far the most famous American economic writer,\" and \"author of a book which probably had a larger world-wide circulation than any other work on economics ever written.\"", "Q251751": "Michele Ferrero (Italian pronunciation: [mi\u02c8k\u025b\u02d0le fer\u02c8r\u025b\u02d0ro]; 26 April 1925 \u2013 14 February 2015) was an Italian billionaire businessman. He owned the chocolate manufacturer Ferrero SpA, Europe's second largest confectionery company (at the time of his death), which he developed from the small bakery and caf\u00e9 of his father in Alba, Piedmont. His first big success was adding vegetable oil to the traditional gianduja paste to make the popular spread, Nutella.", "Q313210": "Vladimir Grigoryevich Shukhov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0301\u0445\u043e\u0432; 28 August [O.S. 16 August] 1853 \u2013 2 February 1939) was a Russian engineer-polymath, scientist and architect renowned for his pioneering works on new methods of analysis for structural engineering that led to breakthroughs in industrial design of the world's first hyperboloid structures, diagrid shell structures, tensile structures, gridshell structures, oil reservoirs, pipelines, boilers, ships and barges. He is also the inventor of the first cracking method.\nBesides the innovations he brought to the oil industry and the construction of numerous bridges and buildings, Shukhov was the inventor of a new family of doubly curved structural forms. These forms, based on non-Euclidean hyperbolic geometry, are known today as hyperboloids of revolution. Shukhov developed not only many varieties of light-weight hyperboloid towers and roof systems, but also the mathematics for their analysis. Shukhov is particularly reputed for his original designs of hyperboloid towers such as the Shukhov Tower.", "Q584451": "Bethesda is an unincorporated, census-designated place in southern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, located just northwest of the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C. It takes its name from a local church, the Bethesda Meeting House (1820, rebuilt 1849), which in turn took its name from Jerusalem's Pool of Bethesda. The National Institutes of Health main campus and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center are in Bethesda, as are a number of corporate and government headquarters.\nAs an unincorporated community, Bethesda has no official boundaries. The United States Census Bureau defines a census-designated place named Bethesda whose center is located at 38\u00b059\u2032N 77\u00b07\u2032W. The United States Geological Survey has defined Bethesda as an area whose center is at 38\u00b058\u203250\u2033N 77\u00b06\u20322\u2033W, slightly different from the Census Bureau's definition. Other definitions are used by the Bethesda Urban Planning District, the United States Postal Service (which defines Bethesda to comprise the ZIP Codes 20810, 20811, 20813, 20814, 20815, 20816, and 20817), and other organizations. According to estimates released by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2013, the community had a total population of 63,374. Most of Bethesda's residents are in Maryland Legislative District 15.", "Q41514": "Mstislav I Vladimirovich the Great (Russian: \u041c\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439, June 1, 1076 \u2013 April 14, 1132) was the Grand Prince of Kiev (1125\u20131132), the eldest son of Vladimir II Monomakh by Gytha of Wessex. He is figured prominently in the Norse Sagas under the name Harald, to allude to his grandfather, Harold II of England. Mstislav's Christian name was Theodore.", "Q1157837": "Dale Clevenger (born July 2, 1940 in Chattanooga, Tennessee) was the Principal Horn of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra from 1966 until his retirement in June, 2013. Before joining the CSO, he was a member of Leopold Stokowski's American Symphony Orchestra and the Symphony of the Air directed by Alfred Wallenstein. He was also principal horn of the Kansas City Philharmonic. He currently teaches at the Jacobs School of Music in Indiana University.", "Q1872239": "Louisiana Tech University, colloquially referred to as Louisiana Tech, La. Tech, or simply Tech is a public research university in Ruston, Louisiana. It is a space grant college, member of the Southeastern Universities Research Association, member of the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities, and Carnegie Doctoral University with high research activity (R2). It is a member of the University of Louisiana System.\nLouisiana Tech conducts research with ongoing projects funded by agencies such as National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Defense (DoD), and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Louisiana Tech is one of fewer than 50 comprehensive research universities in the nation and the only university in Louisiana to be designated as a National Center of Academic Excellence in Information Assurance Education and Research and a National Center of Academic Excellence in Cyber Defense Education and Research by the National Security Agency (NSA) and the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Also, the FAA named Louisiana Tech to the National Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems. The university is known for its engineering and science programs.\nLouisiana Tech opened as the Industrial Institute and College of Louisiana in 1894 during the Second Industrial Revolution. The original mission of the college was for the education of students in the arts and sciences for the purpose of developing an industrial economy in post-Reconstruction Louisiana. Four years later in 1898, the state constitution changed the school's name to Louisiana Industrial Institute. In 1921, the college changed its name to Louisiana Polytechnic Institute to reflect its development as a larger institute of technology. Under the leadership of F. Jay Taylor, the college continued to grow and change over time. Louisiana Polytechnic Institute became desegregated in the 1960s. It officially changed its name to Louisiana Tech University in 1970 as it satisfied criteria of a research university.\nLouisiana Tech enrolled 12,463 students in five academic colleges during the Fall 2018 academic quarter including 1,282 students in the graduate school. In addition to the main campus in Ruston, Louisiana Tech holds classes at the Louisiana Tech University Shreveport Center, Academic Success Center in Bossier City, Barksdale Air Force Base Instructional Site, and on the CenturyLink campus in Monroe.\nLouisiana Tech fields 16 varsity NCAA Division I sports teams (7 men's, 9 women's teams) and is a member of Conference USA of the Football Bowl Subdivision. The university is known for its Bulldogs football team and Lady Techsters women's basketball program which won three national championship titles (1981, 1982, 1988) and made 13 Final Four appearances in the program's history.", "Q49148": "Martha's Vineyard (Wampanoag: Noepe; often simply called The Vineyard) is an island located south of Cape Cod in Massachusetts in the United States that is known for being an affluent summer colony. Martha's Vineyard includes the smaller adjacent Chappaquiddick Island, which is usually connected to the Vineyard, though storms and hurricanes have separated them, as in 2007. It is the 58th largest island in the United States, with a land area of about 96 square miles (250 km2), and the third-largest on the East Coast of the United States, after Long Island and Mount Desert Island. Martha's Vineyard constitutes the bulk of Dukes County, Massachusetts, which also includes the Elizabeth Islands and the island of Nomans Land.\nThe Vineyard was home to one of the earliest known deaf communities in the United States; consequently, a sign language, MVSL, was developed on the island, amongst indigenous languages spoken by indigenous peoples of the island. The 2010 census reported a year-round population of 16,535 residents, although the summer population can swell to more than 100,000 people. About 56 percent of the Vineyard's 14,621 homes are seasonally occupied.Martha's Vineyard is primarily known as a summer colony, and it is accessible only by boat and air. However, its year-round population has considerably increased since the 1960s. The island's year-round population increased about a third each decade from 1970 to 2000, for a total of 145 percent or about 3 percent to 4 percent per year (46 percent, 30 percent, and 29 percent in each respective decade). The population of the Vineyard was 14,901 in the 2000 Census and was estimated at 15,582 in 2004. (Dukes County was 14,987 in 2000 and 15,669 in 2004). Dukes County includes the six towns on Martha's Vineyard and Gosnold; it increased by more than 10 percent between 2000 and 2010, according to Census data released in 2011, gaining nearly 1,548 residents. The Island's population increased from 14,987 to 16,535.A study by the Martha's Vineyard Commission found that the cost of living on the island is 60 percent higher than the national average, and housing prices are 96 percent higher. A study of housing needs by the Commission found that the average weekly wage on Martha's Vineyard was \"71 percent of the state average, the median home price was 54 percent above the state's and the median rent exceeded the state's by 17 percent\".", "Q622548": "A parody film is a subgenre of comedy film that parodies other film genres or films as pastiches, works created by imitation of the style of many different films reassembled together.\nAlthough the subgenre is often overlooked by critics, parody films are commonly profitable at the box office.", "Q48256": "Dnipro (Ukrainian: \u0414\u043d\u0456\u043f\u0440\u043e [d\u207d\u02b2\u207en\u207d\u02b2\u207ei\u02c8pr\u0254] (listen); Russian: \u0414\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440, romanized: Dnepr [d\u02b2n\u02b2epr]), called Dnipropetrovsk (Ukrainian: \u0414\u043d\u0456\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a [\u02ccd\u207d\u02b2\u207en\u207d\u02b2\u207eiprope\u02c8tr\u0254u\u032fs\u02b2k]; Russian: \u0414\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a, romanized: Dnepropetr\u00f3vsk [d\u02b2n\u02b2\u026apr\u0259p\u02b2\u026a\u02c8trofsk]) from 1926 until May 2016, is Ukraine's fourth-largest city, with about one million inhabitants. It stands 391 kilometres (243 mi) southeast of the Ukrainian capital Kiev on the Dnieper River, in the central-eastern part of Ukraine. Dnipro is the administrative centre of the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. Administratively, it is incorporated as a city of oblast significance, the centre of Dnipro municipality and extraterritorial administrative centre of Dnipro Raion. It has a population of approximately 1,000,000\u2009(2018 est.).\nArcheological findings suggest that the first fortified town in the territory of present-day Dnipro probably dates to the mid-16th century.Known as Ekaterinoslav (Russian: \u0415\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432, romanized: Yekaterinoslav [j\u026ak\u0259t\u02b2\u026ar\u02b2\u026an\u0250\u02c8s\u026baf]; Ukrainian: \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432, romanized: Katerynoslav [k\u0250t\u025br\u026ano\u02c8sl\u0251u\u032f]) until 1925, the city was formally inaugurated by the Russian Empress Catherine the Great (Russian: \u0415\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430, romanized: Ekaterina - hence its then name) in 1787 as the administrative centre of the newly-acquired vast territories of imperial New Russia, including those ceded to Russia by the Ottoman Empire under the Treaty of K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kaynarca (1774). Grigory Potemkin originally envisioned the city as the Russian Empire's third capital city, after Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Renamed Dnipropetrovsk in 1926, it became a vital industrial centre of Soviet Ukraine, one of the key centres of the nuclear, arms, and space industries of the Soviet Union. In particular, it is home to the Yuzhmash, a major space and ballistic-missile design bureau and manufacturer. Because of its military industry, it functioned as a closed city until the 1990s. On 19 May 2016, Ukraine's Verkhovna Rada changed the official name of the city from Dnipropetrovsk to Dnipro.Dnipro is a powerhouse of Ukraine's business and politics and is the native city of many of the country's most important figures. Much of Ukrainian politics continues to be defined by the legacies of Leonid Kuchma, Pavlo Lazarenko and Yulia Tymoshenko, whose intermingled political careers started in Dnipropetrovsk.", "Q57376": "Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (\u0f60\u0f47\u0f72\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f7a\u0f51\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f62\u0fa3\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f56\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f55\u0fb1\u0f74\u0f42\u0f0b, Wylie: 'jigs med ge sar rnam rgyal dbang phyug; born 21 February 1980) is the Druk Gyalpo or \"Dragon King\" of the Kingdom of Bhutan. After his father Jigme Singye Wangchuck abdicated the throne in his favour, he became the monarch on 9 December 2006. A public coronation ceremony was held on 6 November 2008, a year that marked 100 years of monarchy in Bhutan.", "Q7314": "Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (; Russian: \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [\u02c8i\u0261\u0259r\u02b2 \u02c8f\u02b2\u0275d\u0259r\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 str\u0250\u02c8v\u02b2insk\u02b2\u026aj]; 17 June [O.S. 5 June] 1882 \u2013 6 April 1971) was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th century.\nStravinsky's compositional career was notable for its stylistic diversity. He first achieved international fame with three ballets commissioned by the impresario Serge Diaghilev and first performed in Paris by Diaghilev's Ballets Russes: The Firebird (1910), Petrushka (1911), and The Rite of Spring (1913). The latter transformed the way in which subsequent composers thought about rhythmic structure and was largely responsible for Stravinsky's enduring reputation as a musical revolutionary who pushed the boundaries of musical design. His \"Russian phase\", which continued with works such as Renard, L'Histoire du soldat, and Les Noces, was followed in the 1920s by a period in which he turned to neoclassicism. The works from this period tended to make use of traditional musical forms (concerto grosso, fugue, and symphony) and drew from earlier styles, especially those of the 18th century. In the 1950s, Stravinsky adopted serial procedures. His compositions of this period shared traits with examples of his earlier output: rhythmic energy, the construction of extended melodic ideas out of a few two- or three-note cells and clarity of form, and of instrumentation.", "Q43303": "El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Arabic: \u0671\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0651 \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0643 \u0671\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0632\u0651\u200e, romanized: al-\u1e24\u0101jj M\u0101lik ash-Shab\u0101zz; born Malcolm Little; May 19, 1925 \u2013 February 21, 1965), better known as Malcolm X, was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement. He is best known for his staunch and controversial black racial advocacy, and for his time spent as the vocal spokesperson of the Nation of Islam.\nBorn in Omaha, Nebraska, Malcolm X spent his teenage years living in a series of foster homes after his father's death and his mother's hospitalization. He engaged in several illicit activities there, eventually being sentenced to 10 years in prison in 1946 for larceny and breaking and entering. In prison, he joined the Nation of Islam, adopted the name Malcolm X, and quickly became one of the organization's most influential leaders after being paroled in 1952. Malcolm X then served as the public face of the organization for a dozen years, where he advocated for black supremacy, black empowerment, and the separation of black and white Americans, and publicly criticized the mainstream civil rights movement for its emphasis on nonviolence and racial integration. Malcolm X also expressed pride in some of the Nation's social welfare achievements, namely its free drug rehabilitation program. Throughout his life beginning in the 1950s, Malcolm X endured surveillance from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for the Nation's supposed links to communism.\nIn the 1960s, Malcolm X began to grow disillusioned with the Nation of Islam, as well as with its leader Elijah Muhammad. He subsequently embraced Sunni Islam and the civil rights movement after completing the Hajj to Mecca, and became known as el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz. After a brief period of travel across Africa, he publicly renounced the Nation of Islam and founded the Islamic Muslim Mosque, Inc. (MMI) and the Pan-African Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU). Throughout 1964, his conflict with the Nation of Islam intensified, and he was repeatedly sent death threats. On February 21, 1965, he was assassinated. Three Nation members were charged with the murder and given indeterminate life sentences. Speculation about the assassination and whether it was conceived or aided by leading or additional members of the Nation, or with law enforcement agencies, have persisted for decades after the shooting.\nA controversial figure accused of preaching racism and violence, Malcolm X is a widely celebrated figure within African-American and Muslim American communities for his pursuit of racial justice. He was posthumously honored with Malcolm X Day, where he is commemorated in various countries worldwide. Hundreds of streets and schools in the U.S. have been renamed in his honor, while the Audubon Ballroom, the site of his assassination, was partly redeveloped in 2005 to accommodate the Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center.", "Q101860": "Wilhelm Gottlieb Becker (4 November 1753, in Oberkallenberg in Saxony \u2013 3 June 1813, in Dresden) was a German art historian, numismatist, and author.", "Q358761": "Alec Harley Reeves (10 March 1902 \u2013 13 October 1971) was a British scientist best known for his invention of pulse-code modulation (PCM). He was awarded 82 patents.", "Q611182": "Ant\u00f3nio de Sousa Marinho e Pinto (born 10 September 1950, in Vila Ch\u00e3 do Mar\u00e3o, Amarante) is a Portuguese lawyer and former journalist. He was president of the Portuguese Bar Association from 2008 to 2013 and is well known for his controversial speeches. In 2014, he ran for the election for the European Parliament as top candidate for the Earth Party (MPT) and succeeded in being elected, along with the second candidate of the list, Jos\u00e9 In\u00e1cio Faria.\n\n", "Q309248": "The Three Musketeers is a 2011 romantic action adventure film directed by Paul W. S. Anderson and starring Matthew Macfadyen, Logan Lerman, Ray Stevenson, Milla Jovovich, Luke Evans, Mads Mikkelsen, Orlando Bloom, and Christoph Waltz. It is based on Alexandre Dumas\u2019s 1844 novel of the same title with clock-punk elements.The film was released on 1 September 2011 in Germany, 12 October 2011 in the United Kingdom and France and 21 October 2011 in the United States, Canada and Australia. Upon its release, it grossed $132 million against a production budget of $75 million and received negative critical reaction. Critics praised its action sequences, score, the performances of Macfadyen and Mikkelsen, and visual style but criticized its writing, direction and characters.\n\n", "Q311407": "Eduardo Gon\u00e7alves de Andrade (born 25 January 1947), generally known as Tost\u00e3o, is a retired Brazilian footballer who played as a forward or attacking midfielder. He is a medical doctor.\nTost\u00e3o was a diminutive, intelligent, hardworking, and prolific left-footed forward, who was known for his creativity and technical skills, and was considered one of the best players in the world in his prime. He played most of his 11-year career with Cruzeiro.\nTost\u00e3o represented Brazil in two World Cups, winning the tournament in 1970. He formed a lethal offensive partnership with Pel\u00e9 in the national team.", "Q8027": "Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 \u2013 April 4, 1968) was an American Christian minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. King is best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, inspired by his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi.\nKing led the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott and later became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). As president of the SCLC, he then led an unsuccessful 1962 struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, and helped organize the nonviolent 1963 protests in Birmingham, Alabama. He helped organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial.\nOn October 14, 1964, King won the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. In 1965, he helped organize the Selma to Montgomery marches. In his final years, he expanded his focus to include opposition towards poverty, capitalism, and the Vietnam War. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover considered him a radical and made him an object of the FBI's COINTELPRO from 1963 on. FBI agents investigated him for possible communist ties, recorded his extramarital liaisons and reported on them to government officials, and, in 1964, mailed King a threatening anonymous letter, which he interpreted as an attempt to make him commit suicide.Before his death, King was planning a national occupation of Washington, D.C., to be called the Poor People's Campaign, when he was assassinated on April 4 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many U.S. cities. Allegations that James Earl Ray, the man convicted of killing King, had been framed or acted in concert with government agents persisted for decades after the shooting.\nKing was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King Jr. Day was established as a holiday in cities and states throughout the United States beginning in 1971; the holiday was enacted at the federal level by legislation signed by President Ronald Reagan in 1986. Hundreds of streets in the U.S. have been renamed in his honor, and a county in Washington was rededicated for him. The Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., was dedicated in 2011.", "Q298551": "Tatchakorn Yeerum (Thai: \u0e17\u0e31\u0e0a\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e23 \u0e22\u0e35\u0e23\u0e31\u0e21\u0e22\u0e4c; RTGS: Thatchakon Yiram; pronounced [t\u02b0\u00e1t.t\u0361\u0255\u02b0\u0101.k\u0254\u0304\u02d0n j\u012b\u02d0.r\u0101m]; formerly Phanom Yeerum (Thai: \u0e1e\u0e19\u0e21 \u0e22\u0e35\u0e23\u0e31\u0e21\u0e22\u0e4c; [p\u02b0\u0101.n\u014dm j\u012b\u02d0.r\u0101m]); born 5 February 1976), better known internationally as Tony Jaa and in Thailand as Jaa Phanom (Thai: \u0e08\u0e32 \u0e1e\u0e19\u0e21; RTGS: Cha Phanom; [t\u0361\u0255\u0101\u02d0 p\u02b0\u0101.n\u014dm]), is a Thai martial artist, actor, action choreographer, stuntman, director and Buddhist monk. His films include Ong-Bak: Muay Thai Warrior (2003), Tom-Yum-Goong (2005), Ong Bak 2: The Beginning (2008), Furious 7 (2015), SPL II: A Time for Consequences (2015), and Paradox (2017).", "Q2028219": "Alimzhan Tursunovich Tokhtakhounov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0436\u0430\u043d \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043e\u0445\u0442\u0430\u0445\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432; born 1 January 1949) is a Russian businessman, suspected criminal, and former sportsman. He is accused in relations with organized crime and bribing of figure skating judges in the 2002 Winter Olympics. His nickname is thought to be \"Taiwanchik\" (Russian: \u0422\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043a, lit. 'Little Taiwan'), which refers to his distinctly Asiatic, as opposed to European, facial features.", "Q15145": "Jos\u00e9 Pablo Torcuato Batlle y Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez (born 23 May 1856 in Montevideo, Uruguay \u2013 20 October 1929) was a prominent Uruguayan politician, who served two terms as President of Uruguay for the Colorado Party. He was the son of a former president and was widely praised for his introduction of the political system Batllismo to South America, and his role in creating the modern Uruguay through his extensive welfare state reforms. \nIn 1898, for a few weeks he served as interim president and later was elected to the presidency for two terms, from 1903 until 1907 and from 1911 to 1915. He remains one of the most popular Uruguayan presidents, in part due to his role as a social reformer. He is known for introducing unemployment compensation, eight-hour workdays, and universal suffrage, as well as free High School education.", "Q166623": "Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8jo\u02d0\u0266\u0251n v\u0251n \u0254ld\u0259(n)\u02c8b\u0251rn\u0259v\u025blt]), Heer van Berkel en Rodenrijs (1600), Gunterstein (1611) and Bakkum (1613) (14 September 1547 \u2013 13 May 1619) was a Dutch statesman who played an important role in the Dutch struggle for independence from Spain.\nVan Oldenbarnevelt was born in Amersfoort. He studied law at Leuven, Bourges, Heidelberg and Padua, and traveled in France and Italy before settling in The Hague. He supported William the Silent in his revolt against Spain, and fought in William's army. In his later years he was a supporter of the Arminians, in the religious-political controversy which split the young Dutch Republic.", "Q158915": "Ronald \u00c1lex Gamarra Herrera is a Peruvian politician and lawyer specializing in human right issues. During 2008 to 2010, Gamarra was Executive Secretary of the Coordinadora Nacional de Derechos Humanos (National Coordinator for Human Rights of Peru) and one of the lawyers representing the civil parties -the families of the Barrios Altos and La Cantuta victims- in the proceedings against former president Alberto Fujimori. Between 2001 and 2004, he served as Ad Hoc Deputy Attorney General for corruption cases and human rights violations attributed to Fujimori and his principal adviser, Vladimiro Montesinos. Gamarra also participated in the process of extraditing the former president back to Peru from Chile. From 1988 to 2000, he directed the Justice Program at the Instituto de Defensa Legal (Legal Defense Institute). Gamarra Herrera writes a weekly column in the Lima daily La Rep\u00fablica and teaches at Universidad Mayor de San Marcos.", "Q504537": "Andrew D\u2019Angelo (born 2 November 1965 in Greeley, Colorado) is an American jazz musician (Bass clarinet, Alto saxophone, Baritone saxophone).", "Q356994": "Jarvis Branson Cocker (born 19 September 1963) is an English musician, actor and presenter. As the founder, frontman, lyricist, and sole consistent member of the band Pulp, he became a figurehead of the Britpop genre of the mid-1990s. Following Pulp's hiatus, Cocker has pursued a solo career, and for seven years he presented the BBC Radio 6 Music show Jarvis Cocker's Sunday Service.", "Q213562": "Johann Rudolf Rocker (March 25, 1873 \u2013 September 19, 1958) was a German anarchist writer and activist. Though often described as an anarcho-syndicalist, he was a self-professed anarchist without adjectives, believing that anarchist schools of thought represented \"only different methods of economy\" and that the first objective for anarchists was \"to secure the personal and social freedom of men\".\n\n", "Q45772": "Christian Charles Philip Bale (born 30 January 1974) is an English actor who is known for his intense method acting style, often transforming his body drastically for his roles. Bale is the recipient of many awards, including an Academy Award and two Golden Globes, and was featured in the Time 100 list of 2011.\nBorn in Haverfordwest, Wales, to English parents, Bale had his first starring role at age 13 in Steven Spielberg's war film Empire of the Sun (1987). Following a decade of leading and supporting roles, including in Little Women (1994), he gained wider recognition for portraying the serial killer Patrick Bateman in American Psycho (2000). In 2004, he lost 4 stone 7 pounds (29 kg; 63 lb) for his role in the psychological thriller The Machinist (2004). Within six months, he gained 7 stone 2 pounds (45 kg; 100 lb) to star as Batman in Christopher Nolan's superhero film Batman Begins (2005). He later reprised his role in the sequels The Dark Knight (2008) and The Dark Knight Rises (2012).\nBale continued to take on starring roles, including in Nolan's period drama The Prestige (2006), the western 3:10 to Yuma (2007), the science fiction film Terminator Salvation (2009), and the crime drama Public Enemies (2009). He won the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of Dicky Eklund in the David O. Russell-directed biographical film The Fighter (2010). This acclaim continued with his Oscar-nominated roles in Russell's black comedy American Hustle (2013) and in Adam McKay's satires The Big Short (2015) and Vice (2018). For portraying Dick Cheney in the latter, he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. In 2019, he starred as race car driver Ken Miles in James Mangold's Ford v Ferrari.\nBale's personal life and personality have been the subject of much public attention, despite his desire to keep a low profile. He is a supporter of Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, Greenpeace, and the World Wildlife Fund, and obtained American citizenship in 2014. Bale has been married to Sandra Bla\u017ei\u0107 since 2000; they have two children.", "Q661465": "Mitl\u00f6di is a village, and former municipality, in the municipality of Glarus S\u00fcd and canton of Glarus in Switzerland.", "Q160252": "Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton, (3 December 1830 \u2013 25 January 1896), known as Sir Frederic Leighton between 1878 and 1896, was a British painter, draughtsman and sculptor. His works depicted historical, biblical, and classical subject matter in an academic style. His paintings were enormously popular, and expensive, during his lifetime, but fell out of critical favour for many decades in the early 20th century. \nLeighton was the bearer of the shortest-lived peerage in history; after only one day his hereditary peerage became extinct upon his death.\n\n", "Q64964": "Celerina/Schlarigna (German/Italian Celerina; Romansh Schlarigna ) is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q714788": "Victor Noir (27 July 1848 \u2013 11 January 1870) was a French journalist. After he was shot and killed by Prince Pierre Bonaparte, a cousin of the French Emperor Napoleon III (r. 1852\u20131870), Noir became a symbol of opposition to the imperial regime. His tomb in P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery in Paris has become a fertility symbol.", "Q99619": "Heinz Kluncker (February 20, 1925 (Barmen) \u2013 April 21, 2005 (Stuttgart)) was president of the German trade union \u00d6TV (\u00d6ffentliche Dienste, Transport und Verkehr Public service, transport and traffic) from 1964 to 1982.\nHe joined the Wehrmacht in 1943. In 1944 he deserted in France and became prisoner of war. He returned to Germany in 1946.\nHe was a member of the SPD (Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands Social-democratic party of Germany) since 1946.", "Q160534": "Jean-Louis Kerouac (), though he called himself Jean-Louis Lebris de K\u00e9rouac (March 12, 1922 \u2013 October 21, 1969), was an American novelist and poet of French-Canadian ancestry.He is considered a literary iconoclast and, alongside William S. Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg, a pioneer of the Beat Generation. Kerouac is recognized for his method of spontaneous prose. Thematically, his work covers topics such as Catholic spirituality, jazz, promiscuity, Buddhism, drugs, poverty, and travel. He became an underground celebrity and, with other beats, a progenitor of the hippie movement, although he remained antagonistic toward some of its politically radical elements.In 1969, at age 47, Kerouac died from an abdominal hemorrhage caused by a lifetime of heavy drinking. Since his death, Kerouac's literary prestige has grown, and several previously unseen works have been published. All of his books are in print today, including The Town and the City, On the Road, Doctor Sax, The Dharma Bums, Mexico City Blues, The Subterraneans, Desolation Angels, Visions of Cody, The Sea Is My Brother, Satori in Paris, and Big Sur.", "Q3373832": "Steven R. Appleton (March 31, 1960 \u2013 February 3, 2012) was the CEO of Micron Technology, based in Boise, Idaho.Born and raised in California, Appleton attended Boise State University, where he was on the tennis team. A lifelong aviation enthusiast, he died when his single-engine plane crashed shortly after takeoff in Boise, Idaho, on February 3, 2012.", "Q3174129": "Jean Prouvost (24 April 1885, Roubaix \u2013 18 October 1978, Yvoy-le-Marron) was a businessman, media owner and French politician. Prouvost was best known for building and owning the publications that became France-Soir, Paris Match, and T\u00e9l\u00e9 7 Jours.", "Q55207": "Nikita Sergeyevich Mikhalkov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432; born 21 October 1945) is a Russian filmmaker, actor, and head of the Russian Cinematographers' Union. Mikhalkov is a three-time laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1993, 1995, 1999) and is a Full Cavalier of the Order \"For Merit to the Fatherland\".\nNikita Mikhalkov won the Golden Lion of the Venice Film Festival (1991) and was nominated for the Academy Award (1993) in the category Best Foreign Language Film for the film Close to Eden. He won an Academy Award (1995) for Best Foreign Language Film and the Grand Prix of the Cannes Film Festival (1994) for the film Burnt by the Sun. Mikhalkov received the \"Special Lion\" of the Venice Film Festival (2007) for his contribution to the cinematography and nominated for the Oscar (2008) in the category \"Best Foreign Language Film\" for the film 12.", "Q129652": "Seo Jun-young (Korean: \uc11c\uc900\uc601, born Kim Sang-gu, \uae40\uc0c1\uad6c, April 24, 1987) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles in award-winning indie Bleak Night, period drama Deep Rooted Tree, coming-of-age film Eighteen (also known as Whirlwind), and comedy series Super Daddy Yeol.", "Q1934278": "Robert Colin Stigwood (16 April 1934 \u2013 4 January 2016) was an Australian-born British-resident music entrepreneur, film producer and impresario, best known for managing Cream and the Bee Gees, theatrical productions like Hair and Jesus Christ Superstar, and film productions including the extremely successful Grease and Saturday Night Fever.", "Q168168": "Charles Elwood Brown (July 4, 1834 \u2013 May 22, 1904) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.\nBorn in Cincinnati, Ohio, Brown attended the common schools and Greenfield Academy, He was graduated from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, in 1854.\nHe went south and, while serving as tutor at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, studied law.\nHe was admitted to the bar in 1859 and commenced practice in Chillicothe, Ohio.\nHe served as prosecuting attorney of Ross County in 1859 and 1860.\nIn the first year of the American Civil War, Brown enlisted as a private in Company B, Sixty-third Regiment, Ohio Volunteers, September 2, 1861. He was promptly commissioned as a captain on October 23, 1861.\nBrown lost his left leg on July 22, 1864 in the Atlanta Campaign.\nHe was promoted through the ranks to colonel June 6, 1865.\nBrown was mustered out of the volunteers on July 8, 1865. In recognition of Brown's service and sacrifice in the Atlanta Campaign, on January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated him for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general to rank from March 13, 1865, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12, 1866.After the Civil War, Brown resumed the practice of law in Chillicothe, Ohio.\nHe served as postmaster of Chillicothe, 1866\u20131872.\nHe was commissioned pension agent at Cincinnati in 1872, and held this position until President Hayes' administration began in 1877.\nBrown was elected as a Republican to the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth U.S. Congresses (March 4, 1885 \u2013 March 3, 1889).\nHe was not a candidate for renomination in 1888 and resumed the practice of law.\nHe served as member of the State senate in 1900 and 1901.\nCharles Elwood Brown died at College Hill, Ohio, on May 22, 1904.\nHe was interred in Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio.", "Q450172": "Eva Pawlik (4 October 1927 in Vienna \u2013 31 July 1983 in Vienna) was an Austrian figure skater (European Champion, Olympic silver medalist), a show star, an actress and the world\u00b4s first lady figure skater to be a TV figure skating commentator (sportscaster on TV).", "Q1003": "Solidarity (Polish: Solidarno\u015b\u0107, pronounced [s\u0254l\u02b2i\u02c8darn\u0254\u0255t\u0255] (listen); full name: Independent Self-governing Trade Union \"Solidarity\"\u2014Niezale\u017cny Samorz\u0105dny Zwi\u0105zek Zawodowy \"Solidarno\u015b\u0107\" [\u0272eza\u02c8l\u025b\u0290n\u0268 sam\u0254\u02c8\u0290\u0254ndn\u0268 \u02c8zvj\u0254\u0303z\u025bk zav\u0254\u02c8d\u0254v\u0268 s\u0254l\u02b2i\u02c8darn\u0254\u0255t\u0255]) is a trade union founded in August\u2013September 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard in Gda\u0144sk, Poland. Subsequently, it was the first independent union in a Warsaw Pact country to be recognised by the state. The union's membership peaked at 10 million in September 1981, representing one-third of the country's working-age population. Solidarity's leader, Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983 and the union is widely recognised as having played a central role in the end of communist rule in Poland.\nIn the 1980s, Solidarity was a broad anti-bureaucratic social movement, using methods of civil resistance to advance the causes of workers' rights and social change. Government attempts in the early 1980s to destroy the union through the imposition of Martial law in Poland and the use of political repression failed. Operating underground, with significant financial support from the Vatican and the United States, estimated to be as much as US$50 million, the union survived and by the latter 1980s had entered into negotiations with the government.\nThe 1989 round table talks between the government and the Solidarity-led opposition produced agreement for the 1989 legislative elections, the country's first pluralistic election since 1947. By the end of August, a Solidarity-led coalition government was formed and in December 1990, Wa\u0142\u0119sa was elected President of Poland.\nFollowing Poland's transition to liberal capitalism in the 1990s and the extensive privatization of state assets, Solidarity's membership and influence declined significantly; by 2010, 30 years after being founded, the union had lost more than 90% of its original membership.", "Q371495": "Brian McNamara (born November 21, 1960) is an American actor. His first major role was in the film The Flamingo Kid (1984). He then went on to appear in a few films, such as Short Circuit (1986), Caddyshack II (1988), Arachnophobia (1990) and Mystery Date (1991).\nMcNamara was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for playing Dean Karny in the television film Billionaire Boys Club (1987). However, his most popular role was as Michael Holden in the television series Army Wives (2007\u20132013).", "Q87341": "Gerhard Pfanzelter (born 1943) is an Austrian diplomat. He served as the Permanent Representative of Austria to the United Nations between 7 September 1999 and November 2008. In 2000 he served as Vice-President of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, and in 2002 he became Vice-President of the 57th United Nations General Assembly. During the first half of 2006 he chaired the European Union in New York during Austria's Presidency of the Council of the European Union. \nPfanzelter spent a year as an exchange student in at Elk River High School in Elk River, Minnesota with AFS Intercultural Programs.He has a Law Degree from the University of Innsbruck and a M.A. in International Relations from Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies.Pfanzelter successfully led Austria's campaign for a non-permanent seat on the Security Council for the period 2009\u20132010.Previously, from 1983 to 1989, Pfanzelter had served as Austria's Ambassador to Senegal, Gambia, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Guinea and Mauritania. He then became the Ambassador to Syria for a four-year term, ending in 1993, when he became the Head of the Department for International Organizations of the Austrian Ministry for Foreign Affairs.\nPfanzelter is the longest serving Austrian Permanent Representative at the United Nations. From 2010 to 2012, he served as Secretary-General of the Central European Initiative in Trieste.Pfanzelter is member of the board of the Foreign Policy and United Nations Association of Austria (UNA-AUSTRIA).\n\n", "Q1332971": "James Dee Crowe (born August 27, 1937, in Lexington, Kentucky) is an American banjo player and bluegrass band leader. He first became known during his four-year stint with Jimmy Martin in the 1950s.\n\n", "Q725233": "Bjarni Valdimar Tryggvason (born September 21, 1945) is an Icelandic-born Canadian engineer and a former NRC/CSA astronaut. He served as a Payload Specialist on Space Shuttle mission STS-85 in 1997, a 12-day mission to study changes in the Earth's atmosphere.", "Q88072": "Doron Rabinovici is an Israeli-Austrian writer, historian and essayist. He was born in Tel Aviv in 1961 and moved to Vienna in 1964.", "Q179065": "Mirta Gloria Y\u00e1\u00f1ez Qui\u00f1oa is a Cuban philologist, teacher and writer. She graduated from high school in Ra\u00fal Cepero Bonilla Special Pre-university Institute where she was considered a high-performing student. She entered the University of Havana in 1965, graduating five years later. She earned a PhD in philology (1992) at the same university, specializing in Latin American and Cuban literature, as well as in studies on Cuban women's literary discourse. She worked for many years teaching and conducting research at the University of Havana.", "Q97152": "Ann-Kathrin Kramer (born 4 April 1966) is a German writer and actress.\n\n", "Q600931": "My Fair Nanny (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u044f\u043d\u044f, romanized: Moya prekrasnaya nyanya) is a Russian comedy television series based on the American television sitcom, The Nanny.", "Q713959": "Narciso Monturiol i Estarriol (Catalan pronunciation: [n\u0259\u027e\u02c8siz muntu\u027ei\u02c8\u0254l i \u0259st\u0259ri\u02c8\u0254l]; 28 September 1819 \u2013 6 September 1885) was a Spanish artist and engineer. He was the inventor of the first air-independent and combustion-engine-driven submarine.", "Q875021": "Elem\u00e9r Cs\u00e1k (born 20 May 1944) is a Hungarian journalist who served as spokesman of the Hungarian government from 15 February 1995 to 30 June 1995.", "Q57410": "Shimon Peres (; Hebrew: \u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05df \u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u200e [\u0283i\u02ccmon \u02c8pe\u0281es] (listen); born Szymon Perski; 1 August 1923 \u2013 28 September 2016) was an Israeli politician who served as the ninth President of Israel (2007\u20132014), the Prime Minister of Israel (twice), and the Interim Prime Minister, in the 1970s to the 1990s. He was a member of twelve cabinets and represented five political parties in a political career spanning 70 years. Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and except for a three-month-long hiatus in early 2006, was in office continuously until he was elected President in 2007. At the time of his retirement in 2014, he was the world's oldest head of state and was considered the last link to Israel's founding generation.From a young age, he was renowned for his oratorical brilliance, and was chosen as a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 by David Ben-Gurion, Israel's founding father. He began his political career in the late 1940s, holding several diplomatic and military positions during and directly after the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War. His first high-level government position was as Deputy Director-General of Defense in 1952 which he attained at the age of 28, and Director-General from 1953 until 1959. In 1956, he took part in the historic negotiations on the Protocol of S\u00e8vres described by British Prime Minister Anthony Eden as the \"highest form of statesmanship\". In 1963, he held negotiations with U.S. President John F. Kennedy, which resulted in the sale of Hawk anti-aircraft missiles to Israel, the first sale of U.S. military equipment to Israel. Peres represented Mapai, Rafi, the Alignment, Labor and Kadima in the Knesset, and led Alignment and Labor.Peres first succeeded Yitzhak Rabin as Acting Prime Minister briefly during 1977, before becoming Prime Minister from 1984 to 1986. As Foreign Minister under Prime Minister Rabin, Peres engineered the 1994 Israel\u2013Jordan peace treaty, and won the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize together with Rabin and Yasser Arafat for the Oslo Accords peace talks with the Palestinian leadership. In 1996, he founded the Peres Center for Peace, which has the aim of \"promot[ing] lasting peace and advancement in the Middle East by fostering tolerance, economic and technological development, cooperation and well-being.\" After suffering a stroke, Peres died on 28 September 2016 near Tel Aviv.Peres was a polyglot, speaking Polish, French, English, Russian, Yiddish, and Hebrew, although he never lost his Polish accent when speaking in Hebrew. In his private life, he was a poet and songwriter, writing stanzas during cabinet meetings, with some of his poems later being recorded as songs in albums. As a result of his deep literary interests, he could quote from Hebrew prophets, French literature, and Chinese philosophy with equal ease.", "Q312668": "Carlos Diego Mesa Gisbert (born August 12, 1953) served as president of Bolivia from 2003 to 2005. He was vice president of Bolivia from August 2002 to October 2003. Mesa previously had been a television journalist. His widespread recognition prompted the MNR candidate Gonzalo S\u00e1nchez de Lozada to pick him as running mate in the 2002 Bolivian presidential elections. The winning ticket of S\u00e1nchez-Mesa took office August 6, 2002. Soon after becoming vice president, a wave of protests and strikes shut down Bolivia in a bitter dispute known as the Bolivian Gas War. The demonstrations eventually forced S\u00e1nchez de Lozada to resign, which put forward Mesa as president.\nMesa was a spokesman for Bolivia in the Obligation to Negotiate Access to the Pacific Ocean case in the International Court of Justice, which was ultimately unsuccessful.", "Q1129443": "The Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (Catalan: Converg\u00e8ncia Democr\u00e0tica de Catalunya; IPA: [kumb\u0259\u027e\u02c8\u0292\u025bnsi.\u0259 \u00f0\u0259mu\u02c8k\u027eatik\u0259 \u00f0\u0259 k\u0259t\u0259\u02c8lu\u0272\u0259], CDC) was a Catalan nationalist, liberal political party in Catalonia (Spain).\nIt was the largest political organization in the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, with more than 60,000 members. The last president of Democratic Convergence of Catalonia before its refoundation as the Catalan European Democratic Party was Artur Mas, and its General Secretary were Josep Rull i Andreu and Jordi Turull i Negre.Rather than using its full acronym (CDC) the party was frequently referred to just as Converg\u00e8ncia, and its members convergents in Catalan or convergentes in Spanish.", "Q220816": "Varlam Tikhonovich Shalamov (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0301\u043c \u0422\u0438\u0301\u0445\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432; 18 June 1907 \u2013 17 January 1982), baptized as Varlaam, was a Russian writer, journalist, poet and Gulag survivor. He spent much of the period from 1937 to 1951 imprisoned in forced-labor camps in the arctic region of Kolyma, due in part to his having supported Leon Trotsky and praised the anti-Soviet writer Ivan Bunin. In 1946, near death, he became a medical assistant while still a prisoner. He remained in that role for the duration of his sentence, then for another two years after being released, until 1953. From 1954 to 1978, he wrote a set of short stories about his experiences in the labor camps, which were collected and published in six volumes, collectively known as Kolyma Tales. These books were initially published in the West, in English translation, starting in the 1960s; they were eventually published in the original Russian, but only became officially available in the Soviet Union in 1987, in the post-glasnost era. The Kolyma Tales are considered Shalamov's masterpiece, and \"the definitive chronicle\" of life in the labor camps.", "Q513": "Mount Everest (Nepali: Sagarmatha \u0938\u0917\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0925\u093e; Tibetan: Chomolungma \u0f47\u0f7c\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f7c\u0f0b\u0f42\u0fb3\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f58; Chinese: Zhumulangma \u73e0\u7a46\u6717\u739b) is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The international border between Nepal (Province No. 1) and China (Tibet Autonomous Region) runs across its summit point.The current official elevation of 8,848 m (29,029 ft), recognised by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975.In 1865, Everest was given its official English name by the Royal Geographical Society, as recommended by Andrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India, who chose the name of his predecessor in the post, Sir George Everest, despite Everest's objections.Mount Everest attracts many climbers, some of them highly experienced mountaineers. There are two main climbing routes, one approaching the summit from the southeast in Nepal (known as the \"standard route\") and the other from the north in Tibet. While not posing substantial technical climbing challenges on the standard route, Everest presents dangers such as altitude sickness, weather, and wind, as well as significant hazards from avalanches and the Khumbu Icefall. As of 2019, over 300 people have died on Everest, many of whose bodies remain on the mountain.The first recorded efforts to reach Everest's summit were made by British mountaineers. As Nepal did not allow foreigners to enter the country at the time, the British made several attempts on the north ridge route from the Tibetan side. After the first reconnaissance expedition by the British in 1921 reached 7,000 m (22,970 ft) on the North Col, the 1922 expedition pushed the north ridge route up to 8,320 m (27,300 ft), marking the first time a human had climbed above 8,000 m (26,247 ft). Seven porters were killed in an avalanche on the descent from the North Col. The 1924 expedition resulted in one of the greatest mysteries on Everest to this day: George Mallory and Andrew Irvine made a final summit attempt on 8 June but never returned, sparking debate as to whether or not they were the first to reach the top. They had been spotted high on the mountain that day but disappeared in the clouds, never to be seen again, until Mallory's body was found in 1999 at 8,155 m (26,755 ft) on the north face. Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary made the first official ascent of Everest in 1953, using the southeast ridge route. Norgay had reached 8,595 m (28,199 ft) the previous year as a member of the 1952 Swiss expedition. The Chinese mountaineering team of Wang Fuzhou, Gonpo, and Qu Yinhua made the first reported ascent of the peak from the north ridge on 25 May 1960.", "Q134165": "Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (December 15, 1907 \u2013 December 5, 2012), known as Oscar Niemeyer (Brazilian Portuguese: [\u02c8oska\u0281 ni.e\u02c8maje\u0281]), was a Brazilian architect considered to be one of the key figures in the development of modern architecture. Niemeyer was best known for his design of civic buildings for Bras\u00edlia, a planned city that became Brazil's capital in 1960, as well as his collaboration with other architects on the headquarters of the United Nations in New York. His exploration of the aesthetic possibilities of reinforced concrete was highly influential in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.\nBoth lauded and criticized for being a \"sculptor of monuments\", Niemeyer was hailed as a great artist and one of the greatest architects of his generation by his supporters. He said his architecture was strongly influenced by Le Corbusier, but in an interview, assured that this \"didn't prevent [his] architecture from going in a different direction\". Niemeyer was most famous for his use of abstract forms and curves and wrote in his memoirs:\n\nI am not attracted to straight angles or to the straight line, hard and inflexible, created by man. I am attracted to free-flowing, sensual curves. The curves that I find in the mountains of my country, in the sinuousness of its rivers, in the waves of the ocean, and on the body of the beloved woman. Curves make up the entire Universe, the curved Universe of Einstein.\nNiemeyer was educated at the Escola Nacional de Belas Artes at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and after graduating, he worked at his father's typography house and as a draftsman for local architectural firms. In the 1930s, he interned with L\u00facio Costa, with the pair collaborating on the design for the Pal\u00e1cio Gustavo Capanema in Rio de Janeiro. Niemeyer's first major project was a series of buildings for Pampulha, a planned suburb north of Belo Horizonte. His work, especially on the Church of Saint Francis of Assisi, received critical acclaim and drew international attention. Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, Niemeyer became one of Brazil's most prolific architects, working both domestically and overseas. This included the design of the Edif\u00edcio Copan (a large residential building in S\u00e3o Paulo) and a collaboration with Le Corbusier (and others) on the United Nations Headquarters, which yielded invitations to teach at Yale University and the Harvard Graduate School of Design.\nIn 1956, Niemeyer was invited by Brazil's new president, Juscelino Kubitschek, to design the civic buildings for Brazil's new capital, which was to be built in the centre of the country, far from any existing cities. His designs for the National Congress of Brazil, the Cathedral of Bras\u00edlia, the Pal\u00e1cio da Alvorada, the Pal\u00e1cio do Planalto, and the Supreme Federal Court, all designed by 1960, were experimental and linked by common design elements. This work led to his appointment as inaugural head of architecture at the University of Bras\u00edlia, as well as honorary membership of the American Institute of Architects. Due to his largely left-wing ideology, and involvement with the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), Niemeyer left the country after the 1964 military coup and opened an office in Paris. He returned to Brazil in 1985, and was awarded the prestigious Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1988. A socialist and atheist from an early age, Niemeyer had spent time in both Cuba and the Soviet Union during his exile, and on his return served as the PCB's president from 1992 to 1996. Niemeyer continued working at the end of the 20th and early 21st century, notably designing the Niter\u00f3i Contemporary Art Museum (1996) and the Oscar Niemeyer Museum (2002). Over a career of 78 years he designed approximately 600 projects. Niemeyer died in Rio de Janeiro on December 5, 2012, at the age of 104.", "Q154849": "The Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Italian: Granducato di Toscana; Latin: Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was a central Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Duchy of Florence. The grand duchy's capital was Florence. Tuscany was nominally a state of the Holy Roman Empire until the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797.Initially, Tuscany was ruled by the House of Medici until the extinction of its senior branch in 1737. While not as internationally renowned as the old republic, the grand duchy thrived under the Medici and it bore witness to unprecedented economic and military success under Cosimo I and his sons, until the reign of Ferdinando II, which saw the beginning of the state's long economic decline. It peaked under Cosimo III. The Medicis' only advancement in the latter days of their existence was their elevation to royalty, by the Holy Roman Emperor, in 1691.\nFrancis Stephen of Lorraine, a cognatic descendant of the Medici, succeeded the family and ascended the throne of his Medicean ancestors. Tuscany was governed by a viceroy, Marc de Beauvau-Craon, for his entire rule. His descendants ruled, and resided in, the grand duchy until its end in 1859, barring one interruption, when Napoleon Bonaparte gave Tuscany to the House of Bourbon-Parma (Kingdom of Etruria, 1801\u20137). Following the collapse of the Napoleonic system in 1814, the grand duchy was restored. The United Provinces of Central Italy, a client state of the Kingdom of Sardinia, annexed Tuscany in 1859. Tuscany was formally annexed to Sardinia in 1860, as a part of the unification of Italy, following a landslide referendum, in which 95% of voters approved.", "Q84648": "Kar(e)l Faustin Klostermann (February 13, 1848, in Haag am Hausruck, Upper Austria, Austrian Empire \u2013 July 17, 1923, in \u0160t\u011bke\u0148, Czechoslovakia) was a Czech and Austrian writer. He wrote under the alias Faustin.\nFrom 1857 to 1865 he went to school in P\u00edsek, a town in the South Bohemian Region of what is now the Czech Republic. He studied medicine until 1869 in Vienna, and was later active as a teacher of German and French at the German high school in Plze\u0148. He first wrote his works in German; later he turned to the Czech language and wrote novellas about the inhabitants of the middle Bohemian Forest (Czech: \u0160umava, German: B\u00f6hmerwald). This can be found in the collection V srdci \u0161umavsk\u00fdch hvozd\u016f (\"In the heart of the \u0160umava\"). Some of his novellas are set in and around the town of Ka\u0161persk\u00e9 Hory.\nSome of his more popular works include The son of the free judge and Fist in stories.", "Q506446": "Rancho Mirage is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 17,218 at the 2010 census, up from 13,249 at the 2000 census, but the seasonal (part-time) population can exceed 20,000. Located between Cathedral City and Palm Desert, it is one of the nine cities of the Coachella Valley (Palm Springs area). Rancho Mirage was incorporated in 1973 from a merger of Mirage Cove with five unincorporated areas known as the \"Cove communities\" (Desert, Magnesia, Palmas, Tamarisk, and Thunderbird), and had 3,000 permanent residents at the time.", "Q391207": "Muriel Angelus (born Muriel E S M Findlay, 10 March 1912 \u2013 26 June 2004) was an English stage, musical theatre, and film actress.\nBorn in Lambeth, South London, to Scottish parentage, her father was a chemist. She was educated at the Ursiline Convent in London. She developed a sweet-voiced soprano at an early age. She made her debut on stage at the age of 12, appearing in a play she had written herself called The Sister Key. Also at 12, she acted in a production of Henry VIII.She went on to sing in music halls and to dance in a West End production of The Vagabond King (1927).She entered films toward the end of the silent era with The Ringer (1928), the first of three movie versions of the Edgar Wallace play. Her second film, Sailor Don't Care (1928) was important only in that she met her first husband, Scots-born actor John Stuart on the set; her role was excised from the film.Though in her first sound picture, Night Birds (1930), she got to sing a number, most of her films did not use her musical talents. The sweet-natured actress who played both ingenues and 'other woman' roles co-starred with husband Stuart in No Exit (1930), Eve's Fall (1930) and Hindle Wakes (1931), and appeared with British star Monty Banks in some of his film farces, including My Wife's Family (1931) and So You Won't Talk (1935). Muriel received a career lift with the glossy musical London hit Balalaika. She also acted in the British serial Lloyd of the C.I.D..She portrayed Adriana in the original Broadway production of The Boys From Syracuse (1938), and Marie Sauvinet in the Broadway production of Sunny River (1941). In turn, she received a contract with Paramount Pictures, but never became a star and is largely remembered solely by the acting buffs and nostalgists. Her last known film role was in The Great McGinty (1940). She then revived her Broadway career and had a great success in the musical comedy, Early to Bed (1943).Her final performance came in 1946, after her marriage to Paul Lavalle. In 1959 she resisted the efforts of Richard Rodgers to secure her for the part of the Mother Abbess in the first Broadway production of The Sound of Music.Interviewed in 1996, she said it had been a mistake for her to leave England. \"I was caught up in the glamour, but once in Hollywood I was nothing more than a tiny craft battling in an ocean beside much weightier ships.\"Angelus died at a nursing home in Harrisonburg, Virginia, aged 92, survived by her daughter from her second marriage. She was cremated and her ashes returned to her surviving daughter.", "Q730158": "The Human League are an English electropop/synth-pop band formed in Sheffield in 1977. Initially an experimental electronic outfit, the group signed to Virgin Records in 1979 and later attained widespread commercial success with their third album Dare in 1981. The album contained four hit singles, including the UK/US number one hit \"Don't You Want Me.\" The band received the Brit Award for Best British Breakthrough Act in 1982. Further hits followed throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, including \"Mirror Man,\" \"(Keep Feeling) Fascination,\" \"The Lebanon,\" \"Human\" (a US No. 1) and \"Tell Me When.\"\nThe only constant band member since 1977 has been lead singer and songwriter Philip Oakey. Keyboard players Martyn Ware and Ian Craig Marsh both left the band in 1980 to form Heaven 17. Under Oakey's leadership, the Human League then evolved into a commercially successful New Pop band with a new line-up including female vocalists Joanne Catherall and Susan Ann Sulley. Since the mid-1990s, the band has essentially been a trio of Oakey, Catherall and Sulley with various sidemen.\nSince 1978, the Human League have released nine studio albums, two remix albums, one live album, six EPs, 30 singles and several compilation albums. They have had five albums and eight singles in the UK Top 10 and had sold more than 20 million records worldwide by 2010. As an early techno-pop (electropop) act who received extensive MTV airplay they are regarded as one of the leading artists of the 1980s Second British Invasion of the US.", "Q1679985": "James Bernard \"Jim\" Longley Jr. (born July 7, 1951, in Lewiston, Maine) is a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives. He is a Republican politician from Maine.\nThe son of former Independent Governor Jim Longley Sr. and his wife, Helen, Longley attended Phillips Andover Academy, received his B.A. from Holy Cross, and then returned to study law at the University of Maine. He is also a veteran of the United States Marine Corps.Before entering Congress, Longley served as a trial lawyer. He also managed several small businesses near Portland, Maine.\nLongley was elected as part of the \"Republican Revolution\" of 1994, narrowly defeating Dennis L. Dutremble, the Democratic State Senate President from Biddeford.\nLongley strongly supported national defense (including the work done in Maine at national defense installations and at Bath Iron Works where Navy destroyers are built) and he advocated in favor of stronger fiscal discipline within the federal government.\nIn one of his first actions in Congress, he offered testimony before a Congressional committee considering a minimum wage increase. In his testimony he presented the concept of cutting taxes paid by minimum wage workers to provide a greater increase in their take home pay. He pointed out that minimum wage increases cause small businesses to not only pay more in wages (hurting the businesses and forcing them in some cases to cut jobs and reduce their workforce to make up for wage increases) but that cutting the payroll taxes would actually increase the employees take home pay by a larger amount than raising the overall minimum wage. He presented charts, graphics and documentation to back up his testimony.\nLongley noted in his testimony that minimum wage increases cause businesses, as well as employees, to pay more in federal taxes through employee percentage withholding and the business match of payroll taxes. He then accused the Democrats on the committee of only seeking a minimum wage increase to increase tax revenues for the federal government - a backdoor tax increase on American small business. Democrats on the committee accused him of wanting to harm his constituents, led by a rant from Congressman Pete Stark, D-CA, who was gaveled down by the Chairman for being out of order after Stark made reference to how they would use the issue against him in the next election. Like many ideas presented in Congress, Longley's idea did not succeed.\nHe quickly became a prime target of the Democratic Party during the 1996 elections, and lost by almost 10 points to then-Portland Mayor Tom Allen. In the race labor unions and left leaning special interest groups spent millions of dollars in a coordinated effort to defeat him. It was the largest effort of its kind on behalf of a Democratic candidate (or in opposition to an incumbent Republican) within the nation during the 1996 election cycle. Of course, smaller, but similar, sums were spent by business and professional organizations, and right-leaning special interest groups, in a coordinated effort to defend the seat.\nIn 1998, Longley campaigned for Governor and was defeated by popular incumbent Angus King, an independent. Longley came in second place and received 19% of the vote.", "Q28729082": "Saint Petersburg Imperial University (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442) was a Russian higher education institution based in Saint Petersburg, one of the twelve Imperial universities of the Russian Empire.\nUniversity names:\n\nPetersburg Pedagogical Institute (1804\u201314)\nMain Pedagogical Institute (1814\u201319)\nSaint Petersburg University (1819\u201321)\nSaint Petersburg Imperial University (1821\u20131914)\nPetrograd Imperial University (1914\u201318)\nPetrograd State University (1918\u201324)\nLeningrad State University (1924\u201391)\nSaint Petersburg State University (1991-)", "Q238081": "Cicely L. Tyson (born December 19, 1924) is an American actress and former fashion model. In a career spanning more than seven decades, she became known for her portrayal of strong African-American women. Tyson is the recipient of three Primetime Emmy Awards, four Black Reel Awards, one Screen Actor Guild Award, one Tony Award and an honorary Academy Award.\nHaving appeared in minor film and television roles early in her career, Tyson garnered widespread attention and critical acclaim for her performance as Rebecca Morgan in Sounder (1972); she was nominated for both the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for her work in the film. Tyson's portrayal of the title role in the 1974 television film The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman won her further praise; among other accolades, the role won her two Emmy Awards and a nomination for a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role.\nTyson has continued to act in film and on television in the 21st century. In 2011, she played the role of Constantine Jefferson in the award-winning film The Help. She has also played the role of Ophelia Harkness in American Broadcasting Company's legal drama How to Get Away With Murder since the show's inception in 2014, for which she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series four times.\nIn addition to her screen career, Tyson has appeared in various theater productions. She received a Drama Desk Award in 1962 for her Off-Broadway performance in Moon on a Rainbow Shawl. Tyson also starred as Carrie Watts in the Broadway play The Trip to Bountiful, winning the Tony Award, the Outer Critics Award, and the Drama Desk Award for Best Actress in a Play in 2013.\nTyson was named a Kennedy Center honoree in 2015. In November 2016, Tyson received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which is the highest civilian honor in the United States.", "Q381014": "Kaoru Ishikawa (\u77f3\u5ddd \u99a8, Ishikawa Kaoru, July 13, 1915 \u2013 April 16, 1989) was a Japanese organizational theorist, Professor at the Faculty of Engineering at The University of Tokyo, noted for his quality management innovations. He is considered a key figure in the development of quality initiatives in Japan, particularly the quality circle. He is best known outside Japan for the Ishikawa or cause and effect diagram (also known as fishbone diagram) often used in the analysis of industrial processes.", "Q82239": "Elbert Sevier Martin (ca. 1829 \u2013 September 3, 1876) was a nineteenth-century Congressman and newspaper publisher from Virginia. He was the brother of John Preston Martin.", "Q154691": "Carlos Fuentes Mac\u00edas (; Spanish: [\u02c8ka\u027elos \u02c8fwentes] (listen); November 11, 1928 \u2013 May 15, 2012) was a Mexican novelist and essayist. Among his works are The Death of Artemio Cruz (1962), Aura (1962), Terra Nostra (1975), The Old Gringo (1985) and Christopher Unborn (1987). In his obituary, The New York Times described Fuentes as \"one of the most admired writers in the Spanish-speaking world\" and an important influence on the Latin American Boom, the \"explosion of Latin American literature in the 1960s and '70s\", while The Guardian called him \"Mexico's most celebrated novelist\". His many literary honors include the Miguel de Cervantes Prize as well as Mexico's highest award, the Belisario Dom\u00ednguez Medal of Honor. He was often named as a likely candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature, though he never won.", "Q3177420": "Jerome Clarke Hunsaker (August 26, 1886 \u2013 September 10, 1984) was an American airman born in Creston, Iowa, and educated at the Naval Academy and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.", "Q41272": "Mykola Mykolaiovych Bortnyk (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a, born 8 March 1990), better known by his stage name Max Barskih (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445, Russian: \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, also written as Max Barsky) and alter-ego Mickolai, is a Ukrainian singer. He was raised in the town of Kherson, Ukraine, and moved to Kiev after his graduation. He has released four studio album's, and two extended-plays.", "Q364926": "Manuel Felipe Rugeles was a poet, journalist and Venezuelan politician who was born in San Crist\u00f3bal, Venezuela in 1903 and died in Caracas in 1959. As a poet he belonged to the so-called Generation of 1918. As a result of criticisms made to the regime of General Juan Vicente Gomez, he was imprisoned in the castle San Carlos of Zulia and later exiled to Colombia in 1929.\nIn 1936, after the death of Gomez, Rugeles returned to Venezuela. He served as Secretary of the Venezuelan delegation before the Organization of American States (O.A.S.) in Washington (1948) and was cultural advisor of the Embassy of Venezuela in Buenos Aires. In 1953 he was director of Culture and Arts of the Ministry of Education and director of the National Magazine of Culture (1953\u20131957). During the last years of his life he founded and directed a children's magazine, Pico-Pico. He won the National Prize for Literature in 1955.", "Q11451": "Agriculture is the science and art of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture in the twentieth century came to dominate agricultural output, though about 2 billion people still depended on subsistence agriculture into the twenty-first.\nModern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have sharply increased yields, while causing widespread ecological and environmental damage. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare and environmental damage. Environmental issues include contributions to global warming, depletion of aquifers, deforestation, antibiotic resistance, and growth hormones in industrial meat production. Genetically modified organisms are widely used, although some are banned in certain countries.\nThe major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels and raw materials (such as rubber). Food classes include cereals (grains), vegetables, fruits, oils, meat, milk, fungi and eggs. Over one-third of the world's workers are employed in agriculture, second only to the service sector, although the number of agricultural workers in developed countries has decreased significantly over the centuries.", "Q66801": "Rothenfluh is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q31781": "Saint J\u00f3zef Bilczewski (26 April 1860 \u2013 20 March 1923) was a Polish Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Archbishop of Lviv from 1900 until his death. He served as a theological and dogmatics professor in the Lviv college after himself having earned two doctorates in the course of his own studies. He earned a reputation as a learned and cultured man; these qualities led to Emperor Franz Joseph I nominating him for the Lviv archdiocese as its head. Pope Leo XIII named him as its archbishop and he set to work prioritizing a range of different pastoral initiatives aimed at revitalizing the faith within people and also prioritizing ecumenical cooperation with other denominations.Bilczewski aided his people throughout the onslaught of World War I organizing relief and food for those displaced and those who became refugees; he likewise aided beggars and the homeless in his archdiocese. In 1918 he did all he could to smooth tensions during the Polish-Ukrainian War and he collaborated with his brother bishops in helping their people when the conflict escalated; he likewise did the same thing during the Bolshevik occupation of Poland and Ukraine while also collaborating with the apostolic nuncio Achille Ratti - the future Pope Pius XI.His cause for sainthood commenced in 1944 and he became titled as a Servant of God while the confirmation of his life of heroic virtue allowed for him to be named as Venerable on 18 December 1997. The confirmation of a 1995 miraculous healing enabled Pope John Paul II to preside over Bilczewski's beatification in Lviv on 26 June 2001 while the recognition of another allowed Pope Benedict XVI to canonize him on 23 October 2005 in Saint Peter's Square.", "Q258761": "Elizabeth Clark Phair (born April 17, 1967) is an American singer-songwriter known for her blunt, honest, and explicit lyrics about sex and relationships. Born in New Haven, Connecticut, Phair was adopted at birth and raised primarily in the Chicago area. After graduating from Oberlin College in 1990, she attempted to start a musical career in San Francisco, California, but returned to her home in Chicago, where she began self-releasing audio cassettes under the name Girly Sound. The tapes led to a recording contract with the independent record label Matador Records.\nHer 1993 debut studio album, Exile in Guyville, was released to critical acclaim; it has been ranked by Rolling Stone as one of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Phair followed this with her second album, Whip-Smart (1994), which earned her a Grammy Award nomination for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance, and Whitechocolatespaceegg (1998). Ten years after the release of her debut, Phair's fourth album, Liz Phair (2003), released on Capitol Records, moved towards pop rock, earning her a mainstream audience; the single \"Why Can't I?\" peaked at number 32 on the Billboard Hot 100.After the release of her fifth album, Somebody's Miracle (2005), Phair left Capitol and released her sixth album Funstyle independently in 2010. In 2016, she toured as an opening act for the Smashing Pumpkins. In 2018, it was announced that Matador Records would be releasing a retrospective set for Phair's debut album Exile in Guyville which includes remastered recordings from her original Girly Sound demo tapes. As of 2011, Phair had sold over three million records worldwide.", "Q711182": "Arthur Francis Rollini (born February 13, 1912 in New York City; died December 30, 1993 in Florida) was an American jazz musician who played the [[tenor saxophone], flute and clarinet. His nickname was \"Schneeze\".", "Q122713": "Insidious is a 2010 supernatural horror film directed by James Wan, written by Leigh Whannell, and starring Patrick Wilson, Rose Byrne, and Barbara Hershey. It is the first installment in the Insidious franchise, and the third in terms of the series' in-story chronology. The story centers on a couple whose son inexplicably enters a comatose state and becomes a vessel for ghosts in an astral dimension who want to inhabit his body. The film was released in theaters on April 1, 2011, and was FilmDistrict's first theatrical release. The film is followed by a sequel, Chapter 2 (2013), and two prequels, Chapter 3 (2015) and The Last Key (2018).", "Q164746": "The Wall Street Journal (known as The Journal) is an American business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City, with international editions also available in Chinese and Japanese. The Journal, along with its Asian and European editions, is published six days a week by Dow Jones & Company, a division of News Corp. The newspaper is published in the broadsheet format and online. The Journal has been printed continuously since its inception on July 8, 1889, by Charles Dow, Edward Jones, and Charles Bergstresser.\nThe Wall Street Journal is one of the largest newspapers in the United States by circulation, with a circulation of about 2.834 million copies (including nearly 1,829,000 digital sales) as of August 2019, compared with USA Today's 1.7 million. The Journal publishes the luxury news and lifestyle magazine WSJ, which was originally launched as a quarterly but expanded to 12 issues as of 2014. An online version was launched in 1996, which has been accessible only to subscribers since it began.The newspaper has won 37 Pulitzer Prizes (as of 2019). The editorial pages of the Journal are typically conservative in their position. The Journal editorial board has promoted views that differ from the scientific consensus on climate change, acid rain, and ozone depletion, as well as on the health harms of second-hand smoke, pesticides and asbestos.", "Q727430": "Va\u0161o Patejdl born V\u00e1clav Patejdl (born 10 October 1954 in Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia) is a Slovak musician, singer, and composer.\nHe is one of the founding members of the band El\u00e1n.", "Q31959": "Pat Martino (born August 25, 1944) is a jazz guitarist and composer.", "Q498078": "Bad Arolsen (German: [ba\u02d0t \u02c8\u0294a\u02d0\u0281\u0254lzn\u0329] (listen), until 1997 Arolsen, Bad being the German name for Spa) is a small town in northern Hesse, Germany, in Waldeck-Frankenberg district. From 1655 until 1918 it served as the residence town of the Princes of Waldeck-Pyrmont and then until 1929 as the capital of the Waldeck Free State. The International Tracing Service has its headquarters in Bad Arolsen. In 2003, the town hosted the 43rd Hessentag state festival.", "Q238095": "4AD is a British independent record label, founded by Ivo Watts-Russell and Peter Kent in 1980. It was originally funded by, and an imprint of, Beggars Banquet.The label gained prominence in the 1980s for releasing albums from alternative rock, post-punk, gothic rock and dream pop artists, such as Bauhaus, Cocteau Twins, Modern English, Dead Can Dance, Clan of Xymox, Pixies, Throwing Muses and Watts-Russell's own musical project This Mortal Coil. In 1987, the label scored an international hit with the dance music single \"Pump Up the Volume\" by the one-off project M/A/R/R/S. 4AD continued to have success in the 1990s and 2000s with releases from The Breeders, Lush, Red House Painters, Camera Obscura, TV on the Radio, St. Vincent and Bon Iver. The label's current roster includes acts such as The National, Grimes, Beirut, Daughter, Deerhunter, Big Thief, Purity Ring and Future Islands.4AD now forms part of the Beggars Group, along with fellow independent labels Matador, Rough Trade, XL and XL imprint Young Turks. The label's history has been detailed by Martin Aston in the biography Facing The Other Way, released in 2013.", "Q41266": "Ana Botella Serrano (born 23 July 1953) is a Spanish politician belonging to the People's Party and the first female Mayor of Madrid, from December 2011 to June 2015.\n\n", "Q59429": "Johannes Bratt Anden\u00e6s, often shortened to Johs. Anden\u00e6s (7 September 1912 \u2013 3 July 2003) was a Norwegian jurist. He was a professor of jurisprudence at the University of Oslo from 1945 to 1982, and served as rector from 1970 to 1972.\n\n", "Q5271": "Hugh Primas of Orl\u00e9ans was a Latin lyric poet of the 12th century, a scholar from Orl\u00e9ans who was jokingly called Primas, \"the Primate\", by his friends at the University of Paris. He was probably born in the 1090s and may have died about 1160. Along with his younger contemporary, the Archpoet, he marks the opening of a new period in Latin literature.", "Q154685": "The Vienna Philharmonic (VPO; German: Wiener Philharmoniker), founded in 1842, is an orchestra considered to be one of the finest in the world.The Vienna Philharmonic is based at the Musikverein in Vienna, Austria. Its members are selected from the orchestra of the Vienna State Opera. Selection involves a lengthy process, with each musician demonstrating his or her capability for a minimum of three years' performance for the opera and ballet. After this probationary period, the musician may request an application for a position in the orchestra from the Vienna Philharmonic's board.", "Q968070": "John William \"Jack\" Casady (born April 13, 1944) is an American bass guitarist, best known as a member of Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna. Jefferson Airplane became the first successful exponent of the San Francisco Sound. Their singles, including \"Somebody to Love\" and \"White Rabbit\", had a more polished style than their other material, and successfully charted in 1967 and 1968. Casady, along with the other members of Jefferson Airplane, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996.", "Q117970": "Claire Elise Boucher (born March 17, 1988), known professionally as Grimes, is a Canadian musician, singer, record producer and visual artist. Her music incorporates elements of varied styles and genres including dream pop, R&B, electronic music, and hip hop.Born and raised in Vancouver, Grimes began releasing music independently in the late 2000s, releasing two albums, Geidi Primes and Halfaxa in 2010 on Arbutus Records. She subsequently signed with 4AD and rose to fame with the release of her third studio album Visions in 2012. It produced the singles \"Genesis\" and \"Oblivion\", and received the Juno Award for Electronic Album of the Year. Her fourth studio album Art Angels (2015) received critical praise, and was named the best album of the year by several publications. Her fifth studio album, Miss Anthropocene, was released on February 21, 2020.", "Q317704": "Tch\u00e9ky Karyo (French: [t\u0283eki k\u0251\u0281jo]; born 4 October 1953) is a Turkish-born French actor and musician who is known for playing leading French police investigator Julien Baptiste in the British drama The Missing (2014\u20132016) and its spin-off series Baptiste (2019). Beginning his career as an actor on stage in classical and contemporary works, he began to work as a character actor in films in the 1980s. He has acted in numerous films by Hollywood and French directors, including Luc Besson.", "Q931105": "Christopher Morley (5 May 1890 \u2013 28 March 1957) was an American journalist, novelist, essayist and poet. He also produced stage productions for a few years and gave college lectures.", "Q63979": "Versoix is a municipality in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, which sits on the north-west side of Lake Geneva, north-east of the city of Geneva.", "Q1017": "Aachen (, German: [\u02c8\u0294a\u02d0xn\u0329] (listen); K\u00f6lsch: Oche [\u02c8\u0254\u02d0x\u0259]), also known as Bad Aachen (\"Aachen Spa\"), in French as Aix-la-Chapelle, in Italian as Aquisgrana, and in Latin as Aqu\u00e6 Granni, is a spa and border city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Aachen developed from a Roman settlement and spa, subsequently becoming the preferred medieval Imperial residence of Charlemagne, and, from 936 to 1531, the place where 31 Holy Roman Emperors were crowned Kings of the Germans.Aachen is the westernmost city in Germany, located near the borders with Belgium and the Netherlands, 61 km (38 mi) west of Cologne in a former coal-mining area. One of Germany's leading institutes of higher education in technology, the RWTH Aachen University, is located in the city. Aachen's industries include science, engineering and information technology. In 2009, Aachen was ranked eighth among cities in Germany for innovation.", "Q166151": "Rebecca Balding (born September 21, 1955) is an American actress who is probably best known for her appearances on Soap and Charmed.", "Q243427": "Adalbert of Prague (Latin: Sanctus Adalbertus, Czech: svat\u00fd Vojt\u011bch, Polish: \u015bwi\u0119ty Wojciech, Hungarian: Szent Adalbert; c. 956 \u2013 23 April 997), known in Czech by his birth name Vojt\u011bch (Latin: Voitecus), was a Bohemian missionary and Christian saint. He was the Bishop of Prague and a missionary to the Hungarians, Poles, and Prussians, who was martyred in his efforts to convert the Baltic Prussians to Christianity. He is said to be the composer of the oldest Czech hymn Hospodine, pomiluj ny and Bogurodzica, the oldest known Polish hymn, but his authorship of it has not been confirmed.St. Adalbert was later declared the patron saint of the Czech Republic, Poland and the Duchy of Prussia. He is also the patron saint of the Archdiocese of Esztergom in Hungary.\n\n", "Q2027658": "Charles Sumner Tainter (April 25, 1854 \u2013 April 20, 1940) was an American scientific instrument maker, engineer and inventor, best known for his collaborations with Alexander Graham Bell, Chichester Bell, Alexander's father-in-law Gardiner Hubbard, and for his significant improvements to Thomas Edison's phonograph, resulting in the Graphophone, one version of which was the first Dictaphone.Later in his career Tainter was associated with the International Graphopone Company of West Virginia, and also managed his own research and development laboratory, earning him the title: 'Father Of The Talking Machine' (i.e.: father of the phonograph).\n\n", "Q467912": "Mary Kerry Kennedy (born September 8, 1959) is an American human rights activist and writer. She is the seventh child and third daughter of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel. During her 15-year marriage to now\u2013New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, she was known as Kerry Kennedy Cuomo from 1990 to 2005. She is the president of Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights, a non-profit human rights advocacy organization. Kennedy is the niece of President John F. Kennedy and Senator Ted Kennedy.", "Q97146": "Erwin Otto Marx (1893-1980) was a German electrical engineer who invented the Marx generator, a device for producing high voltage electrical pulses.\nHe worked as an engineering scientist in Braunschweig from 1918 to 1950 where he performed research and development for electrical power distribution via long distances.\n\n", "Q351989": "And God Created Woman is a 1988 American comedy-drama film directed by Roger Vadim and starring Rebecca De Mornay, Vincent Spano and Frank Langella. It has the same title as the 1956 French film Et Dieu\u2026 cr\u00e9a la femme (And God created woman) starring Brigitte Bardot, also directed by Vadim, but has a completely different story.\n\n", "Q833060": "Sirmium was a city in the Roman province of Pannonia, located on the Sava river, on the site of modern Sremska Mitrovica in northern Serbia. First mentioned in the 4th century BC and originally inhabited by Illyrians and Celts, it was conquered by the Romans in the 1st century BC and subsequently became the capital of the Roman province of Pannonia Inferior. In 294 AD, Sirmium was proclaimed one of four capitals of the Roman Empire. It was also the capital of the Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum and of Pannonia Secunda. The site is protected as an Archaeological Site of Exceptional Importance. The modern region of Syrmia (Srem or Srijem) was named after the city.\nSirmium had 100,000 inhabitants and was one of the largest cities of its time. Colin McEvedy, whose estimates for ancient cities are much lower than the general consensus, however, put the population at only 7,000, based on the size of the archaeological site. Ammianus Marcellinus called it \"the glorious mother of cities\". The amount of grain imported between 1 AD and 400 AD was enough to feed 700,000 to 1 million people", "Q98513": "Karl Friedrich Johannes Kuhlo (* 8 October 1856 in Gohfeld, now L\u00f6hne, Germany, \u2020 16 May 1941 in Bielefeld-Bethel, Germany) together with his father Eduard Kuhlo, founded the German Protestant Posaunenchor (trombone choir/church brass ensemble) movement.\nWorking in collaboration with the Bielefeld instrument maker Ernst David he developed the kuhlohorn for use by the ensembles (among other brass instruments).\n\nsee German version of this page for a lot more information", "Q456271": "Francis Higbee Case (December 9, 1896 \u2013 June 22, 1962) was an American journalist and politician who served for 25 years as a member of the United States Congress from South Dakota. He was a Republican.\n\n", "Q205314": "Janet Leigh (born Jeanette Helen Morrison; July 6, 1927 \u2013 October 3, 2004) was an American actress, singer, dancer, and author. Raised in Stockton, California, by working-class parents, Leigh was discovered at 18 by actress Norma Shearer, who helped her secure a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Leigh had her first formal foray into acting appearing in radio programs before making her film debut in The Romance of Rosy Ridge (1947).\nEarly in her career, she appeared in several popular films for MGM which spanned a wide variety of genres, including Act of Violence (1948), Little Women (1949), Angels in the Outfield (1951), Scaramouche (1952), The Naked Spur (1953), and Living It Up (1954). Leigh played mostly dramatic roles during the latter half of the 1950s, in such films as Safari (1956) and Orson Welles's film noir Touch of Evil (1958), but achieved her most lasting recognition as the doomed Marion Crane in Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (1960), which earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress.\nHer highly publicized marriage to actor Tony Curtis ended in divorce in 1962, and after starring in The Manchurian Candidate that same year, Leigh scaled back her career. Intermittently, she continued to appear in films, including Bye Bye Birdie (1963), Harper (1966), Night of the Lepus (1972), and Boardwalk (1979). In late 1975, she made her Broadway debut in a production of Murder Among Friends. She would also go on to appear in two horror films with her daughter, Jamie Lee Curtis: The Fog (1980) and Halloween H20: 20 Years Later (1998).\nIn addition to her work as an actress, Leigh also wrote four books between 1984 and 2002, two of which were novels. She died in October 2004 at age 77, following a year-long battle with vasculitis, an inflammation of the blood vessels.\n\n", "Q338081": "Roy Lewis (6 November 1913 \u2013 1996) was an English writer and small press printer.", "Q317062": "The Glass Cell (German: Die gl\u00e4serne Zelle) is a 1978 West German crime film directed by Hans W. Gei\u00dfend\u00f6rfer, based on the 1964 novel of the same name by Patricia Highsmith. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 51st Academy Awards.\n\n", "Q436585": "Antonio S\u00e1nchez de Bustamante y Sirven (April 13, 1865 \u2013 August 24, 1951) was a Cuban lawyer, educator, politician and international jurist. He promoted the existence of a common American regulation for private international law. For this reason, the sixth Pan-American Congress took place in Cuba in 1928, in the final document, the Treaty of Havana is attached in the annex of the Code of Private International Law.\nHe was appointed in 1908 member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration of the Hague and in 1921 he was appointed judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice established by the League of Nations. He was also the first president of the National Academy of Arts and Letters of Cuba.", "Q765165": "Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (; Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0432, IPA: [l\u02b2\u026a\u0250\u02c8n\u02b2id \u026a\u02c8l\u02b2jid\u0291 \u02c8br\u02b2e\u0290n\u02b2\u026af] (listen); Ukrainian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0434 \u0406\u043b\u043b\u0456\u0447 \u0411\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0454\u0432, 6 December 1906 \u2013 10 November 1982) was a Soviet politician. The fifth leader of the Soviet Union, he served as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the governing Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) from 1964 until his death in 1982. His 18-year term as general secretary was second only to Joseph Stalin's in duration. While Brezhnev's rule was characterized by political stability and notable foreign policy successes, it was also marked by corruption, inefficiency, and rapidly growing technological gaps with the West.\nBrezhnev was born into a Russian worker's family in Kamenskoye, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire. Upon the Soviet Union's formation in the aftermath of the 1917 October Revolution, Brezhnev joined the Soviet Communist party's youth league in 1923. He became an official party member in 1929. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, he joined the Red Army as a commissar and rose rapidly through the ranks to become a major general during World War II. Brezhnev was promoted to the Central Committee in 1952 and became a full member of the Politburo in 1957. In 1964 he ousted Nikita Khrushchev and took over as First Secretary of the CPSU, the most powerful position in the Kremlin.\nBrezhnev's conservative, pragmatic approach to leadership significantly stabilized the position of the Soviet Union and its ruling party. Whereas Khrushchev routinely disregarded the rest of the Politburo while exercising his authority, Brezhnev was careful to minimize dissent among the Party membership by reaching decisions through consensus. Additionally, while pushing for d\u00e9tente between the two Cold War superpowers, he achieved Soviet nuclear parity with the United States and legitimized his country's hegemony over Eastern Europe. Furthermore, the massive arms buildup and widespread military interventionism under Brezhnev's regime significantly expanded the Soviet Union's global influence (particularly in the Middle East and Africa).\nConversely, Brezhnev's hostility to political reform ushered in an era of societal decline known as the Brezhnev Stagnation. In addition to pervasive corruption and falling economic growth, this period was characterized by an increasing technological gap between the Soviet Union and the United States. Upon coming to power in 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev denounced Brezhnev's government for its pervasive inefficiency and inflexibility before implementing policies to liberalize the Soviet Union.\nAfter 1975, Brezhnev's health rapidly deteriorated and he increasingly withdrew from international affairs. Following years of declining health, he died on 10 November 1982 and was succeeded as general secretary by Yuri Andropov.", "Q64970": "Johannes Dieckmann (19 January 1893 \u2013 22 February 1969) was a German journalist and politician. As President of the People's Chamber (Volkskammer), he held the office of State President of East Germany on an acting basis in 1949 and again in 1960.", "Q140196": "Theodore J. Kooser (born 25 April 1939) is an American poet. He served as Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress from 2004 to 2006. Kooser was one of the first poets laureate selected from the Great Plains, and is known for his conversational style of poetry.", "Q240890": "Renata Scotto (born 24 February 1934) is an Italian soprano and opera director.\nRecognized for her sense of style, her musicality, and as a remarkable singer-actress, Scotto is considered one of the preeminent singers of her generation, specializing in the bel canto repertoire with excursions into the verismo and Verdi repertoires.\nSince retiring from the stage as a singer in 2002, she has turned successfully to directing opera as well as teaching in Italy and America, along with academic posts at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome and the Juilliard School in New York. She lives in Armonk, New York with her husband Lorenzo Anselmi.", "Q313204": "Kieran Kyle Culkin (born September 30, 1982) is an American actor. He began his career as a child actor, acting alongside his older brother Macaulay in the Home Alone franchise (1990/1992). His breakout role in Igby Goes Down (2002) received critical acclaim and he was nominated for a Best Actor Golden Globe Award, as well as winning a Critics' Choice Movie Award and Satellite Award. He is also well known for his role as Wallace Wells in the cult film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World.\nHe has acted on the stage, most notably in several productions of Kenneth Lonergan's play This Is Our Youth. In 2015, he portrayed Rye Gerhardt in season 2 of the FX series Fargo. He portrays Roman Roy in the HBO series Succession, for which his acting led to a nomination for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Series, Miniseries or Television Film in 2018 and 2019.", "Q132266": "Fun with Dick and Jane is a 2005 American comedy film directed by Dean Parisot and written by Judd Apatow and Nicholas Stoller. It stars Jim Carrey and T\u00e9a Leoni and is a remake of the 1977 film of the same name. The story focuses on a married, middle-class couple who resort to robbery when the husband's employer goes bankrupt. Alec Baldwin, Richard Jenkins, Angie Harmon, John Michael Higgins, Richard Burgi, Carlos Jacott, Gloria Garayua and Stephnie Weir also star, and James Whitmore appears in an uncredited cameo in one of his final roles. Fun with Dick and Jane was released by Sony Pictures Releasing label to Columbia Pictures on December 21, 2005 and grossed over $202 million worldwide at the box office.", "Q2630619": "Nikolai Konstantinovich Sudzilovsky (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0443\u0434\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, Belarusian: \u041c\u0456\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u0421\u0443\u0434\u0437\u0456\u043b\u043e\u045e\u0441\u043a\u0456 also known as Nicholas Russel, and Kauka Lukini December 15, 1850 \u2013 April 30, 1930) was a revolutionary and scientist.", "Q271495": "Charlotte Ross (born January 21, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Eve Donovan on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives from 1987 to 1991 for the NBC Daytime programming block, and as Det. Connie McDowell on the ABC police procedural drama series NYPD Blue from 2001 to 2004.", "Q1483891": "F\u0103r\u00e2mi\u0163\u0103 Lambru (September 15, 1927 in Bucharest \u2013 December 12, 1974, Bucharest) was a well-known Romani l\u0103utar from Romania.", "Q181912": "KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, legally Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. (literal translation: Royal Aviation Company, Inc.), is the flag carrier airline of the Netherlands. KLM is headquartered in Amstelveen, with its hub at nearby Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. It is part of the Air France\u2013KLM group, and a member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. Founded in 1919, KLM is the oldest airline in the world still operating under its original name and had 35,488 employees and a fleet of 119 (excluding subsidiaries) as of 2015. KLM operates scheduled passenger and cargo services to 145 destinations.", "Q261": "Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California. The band's current lineup comprises vocalist/rhythm guitarist Mike Shinoda, lead guitarist Brad Delson, bassist Dave Farrell, DJ/keyboardist Joe Hahn and drummer Rob Bourdon, all of whom are founding members. Vocalists Mark Wakefield and Chester Bennington and bassist Kyle Christner are former members of the band. Categorized as alternative rock, Linkin Park has experimented with their music throughout their career by incorporating heavy metal, hard rock, hip hop, pop, and electronica.Formed in 1996, Linkin Park rose to international fame with their debut studio album, Hybrid Theory (2000), which became certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Their second album, Meteora (2003), continued the band's success, topping the Billboard 200, and was followed by extensive touring and charity work. Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in their first two albums, the band explored other genres on their third album, Minutes to Midnight (2007), which also topped the Billboard 200.Linkin Park continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album, A Thousand Suns (2010), layering their music with more electronic sounds. The band's fifth album, Living Things (2012), combined musical elements from all of their previous records. Their sixth album, The Hunting Party (2014), returned to a heavier rock sound, and their seventh album, One More Light (2017), is a more electronic and pop-oriented record.Linkin Park is among the best-selling bands of the 21st century and the world's best-selling music artists, having sold over 100 million records worldwide. They have won two Grammy Awards, six American Music Awards, two Billboard Music Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, 10 MTV Europe Music Awards and three World Music Awards. In 2003, MTV2 named Linkin Park the sixth-greatest band of the music video era and the third-best of the new millennium. Billboard ranked Linkin Park No. 19 on the Best Artists of the Decade list. In 2012, the band was voted as the greatest artist of the 2000s in a Bracket Madness poll on VH1. In 2014, the band was declared as \"The Biggest Rock Band in the World Right Now\" by Kerrang!.\nLinkin Park has been on an indefinite hiatus since longtime lead vocalist Bennington committed suicide in July 2017, leaving the band's future uncertain.", "Q36788": "Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u200e, romanized: \u02bfAbd al-Malik ibn Marw\u0101n ibn al-\u1e24akam; July/August 644 or June/July 647 \u2013 9 October 705) was the fifth Umayyad caliph, ruling from April 685 until his death. A member of the first generation of born Muslims, his early life in Medina was occupied with pious pursuits. He held administrative and military posts under Caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661\u2013680), founder of the Umayyad Caliphate, and his own father, Caliph Marwan I (r. 684\u2013685). By the time of Abd al-Malik's accession, Umayyad authority had collapsed across the Caliphate as a result of the Second Muslim Civil War and had been reconstituted in Syria and Egypt during his father's reign.\nFollowing a failed invasion of Iraq in 686, Abd al-Malik focused on securing Syria before making further attempts to conquer the greater part of the Caliphate from his principal rival, the Mecca-based caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. To that end, he concluded an unfavorable truce with the reinvigorated Byzantine Empire in 689, quashed a coup attempt in Damascus by his kinsman, al-Ashdaq, the following year, and reincorporated into the army the rebellious Qaysi tribes of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) in 691. He then conquered Zubayrid Iraq and dispatched his general, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, to Mecca where he killed Ibn al-Zubayr in late 692, thereby reuniting the Caliphate under Abd al-Malik's rule. The war with Byzantium resumed, resulting in Umayyad advances into Anatolia and Armenia, the destruction of Carthage and the recapture of Kairouan, the launchpad for the later conquests of western North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, in 698. In the east, Abd al-Malik's viceroy, al-Hajjaj, firmly established the caliph's authority in Iraq and Khurasan, stamping out opposition by the Kharijites and the Arab tribal nobility by 702. Abd al-Malik's final years were marked by a domestically peaceful and prosperous consolidation of power.\nIn a significant departure from his predecessors, rule over the Caliphate's provinces was centralized under Abd al-Malik, following the elimination of his rivals. Gradually, loyalist Arab troops from Syria were tasked with maintaining order in the provinces as dependence on less reliable, local Arab garrisons receded. Tax surpluses from the provinces were forwarded to Damascus and the traditional military stipends to veterans of the early Muslim conquests and their descendants were abolished, salaries being restricted to those in active service. The most consequential of Abd al-Malik's reforms were the introduction of a single Islamic currency in place of Byzantine and Sasanian coinage and the establishment of Arabic as the language of the bureaucracy in place of Greek and Persian in Syria and Iraq, respectively. His Muslim upbringing, the conflicts with external and local Christian forces and rival claimants to Islamic leadership all influenced Abd al-Malik's efforts to prescribe a distinctly Islamic character to the Umayyad state. Another manifestation of this initiative was his founding of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, the earliest archaeologically attested religious monument built by a Muslim ruler and the possessor of the earliest epigraphic proclamations of Islam and the prophet Muhammad. The foundations established by Abd al-Malik enabled his son and successor, al-Walid I (r. 705\u2013715), who largely maintained his father's policies, to oversee the Umayyad Caliphate's territorial and economic zenith. Abd al-Malik's centralized government became the prototype of later medieval Muslim states.", "Q16458": "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 is a 2008 American comedy-drama film and a sequel to the 2005 film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants. The original cast (Amber Tamblyn, America Ferrera, Blake Lively and Alexis Bledel) return to star in the film. It was directed by Sanaa Hamri and screenplay by Elizabeth Chandler, who wrote the previous film. The film is based upon the fourth novel in the book series: Forever in Blue (2007), but incorporates scenes and storylines from The Second Summer of the Sisterhood (2003) and Girls in Pants (2004).It is the second installment of The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants film series and was released in theaters on August 6, 2008.", "Q11337": "Herdecke is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. It is located south of Dortmund in the Ruhr Area. Its location between the two Ruhr reservoirs Hengsteysee and Harkortsee has earned it the nickname Die Stadt zwischen den Ruhrseen (lit. The city between the Ruhr lakes).\nThe city is located in the area of the Regionalverband Ruhr (RVR). The two Ruhr lakes as well as the forests on the Ardey heights make the town attractive to tourists. The historic center with its many half timbered houses and the 30-metre-high railway viaduct across the Ruhr valley are two more landmarks.", "Q58051": "Ernst Franz Sedgwick Hanfstaengl ([\u025b\u0281nst hanf.\u02c8\u0283t\u025b\u014bl]; 2 February 1887 \u2013 6 November 1975) was a German-American businessman and intimate friend of Adolf Hitler. He eventually fell out of favour with Hitler, however, and defected from Nazi Germany to the United States. He later worked for Franklin D. Roosevelt and was once engaged to the author Djuna Barnes.", "Q343433": "Adolf Dux (Hungarian: Dux Adolf; 25 October 1822, Pozsony \u2013 20 November 1881, Budapest) was a Hungarian Jewish writer and journalist.\nA cousin of Leopold Dukes, Dux studied law and philosophy at the University of Vienna, and was connected with the Pressburger Zeitung until 1855, when he became a correspondent for Pester Lloyd. He translated S\u00e1ndor Pet\u0151fi's and Josef E\u00f6tv\u00f6s' Hungarian poetry, and Katona's tragedy, Bank Ban. He wrote Aus Ungarn as well as various stories in German under the title Deutsch-Ungarisches.", "Q1395502": "Passi (French pronunciation: \u200b[pa\u02c8si]) is a French hip hop artist who became famous in the mid-1990s with the group Minist\u00e8re AMER, which included himself and Stomy Bugsy. He is most widely known, however, as a solo artist, as well as a participant in many other groups, such as Bisso Na Bisso and Dis l'heure 2 zouk.\n\n", "Q530309": "Karkkila (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u0251rk\u02d0il\u0251]; Swedish: H\u00f6gfors) is a town and a municipality of Finland.\nNeighbour municipalities are Lohja, Loppi, Tammela and Vihti.", "Q174964": "Charles IV (18/19 June 1294 \u2013 1 February 1328), called the Fair (le Bel) in France and the Bald (el Calvo) in Navarre, was last king of the direct line of the House of Capet, King of France and King of Navarre (as Charles I) from 1322 to 1328. Charles was the third son of Philip IV; like his father, he was known as \"the fair\" or \"the handsome\".Beginning in 1323 Charles was confronted with a peasant revolt in Flanders, and in 1324 he made an unsuccessful bid to be elected Holy Roman Emperor. As Duke of Guyenne, King Edward II of England was a vassal of Charles, but he was reluctant to pay homage to another king. In retaliation, Charles conquered the Duchy of Guyenne in a conflict known as the War of Saint-Sardos (1324). In a peace agreement, Edward II accepted to swear allegiance to Charles and to pay a fine. In exchange, Guyenne was returned to Edward but with a much-reduced territory.\nWhen Charles IV died without a male heir, the senior line of the House of Capet, descended from Philip IV, became extinct. He was succeeded in Navarre by his niece Joan II and in France by his paternal first cousin Philip of Valois. However, the dispute on the succession to the French throne between the Valois monarchs descended in male line from Charles's grandfather Philip III of France, and the English monarchs descended from Charles's sister Isabella, was a factor of the Hundred Years' War.", "Q50182": "Ira Sachs (born November 21, 1965) is an American filmmaker. His first film was the short, Lady (1993).\n\n", "Q2482588": "Glencoe () is a village in northeastern Cook County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, the total population was 8,723. Glencoe is located on Chicago's North Shore and is located within the New Trier High School District. It is an affluent town, ranked 1st among the richest towns in Illinois and 10th among the richest towns in US.", "Q85973": "Iancu Flondor (3 August 1865, Storozhynets \u2013 19 October 1924) was a Romanian politician who advocated Bukovina's union with the Kingdom of Romania. \nHe was born in the town of Storozhynets (Romanian: Storojine\u1e6d) in Northern Bukovina (now in Ukraine). His parents were Gheorghe Flondor (1828\u20131892) and Isabella von Dobrowolski-Buchenthal (1835\u20131890). Married to Elena de Zotta, he fathered three sons: \u015eerban (1900\u20131971), Neagoe (1901\u20131952), and Mircea (1908\u20131928).During the winter of 1918, Flondor clashed with his rival Aurel Onciul over the political future of Bukovina, a dispute which culminated in the November request by the National Council of Bukovina, headed by Flondor, for an intervention by the Romanian Army into what had become a chaotic Bukovina. Under those circumstances, the Romanian government in Ia\u015fi, wishing to protect the population, decided to send to Bukovina the 8th Division under the command of General Iacob Zadik, who entered Cern\u0103u\u0163i, on 9 November 1918. On 12 November, the National Council of Bukovina effectively took the helm of Bukovina, forming a cabinet headed by Iancu Flondor. On 15/28 November 1918, the debates of General Congress of Bukovina opened at the Metropolitan Palace in Cern\u0103u\u0163i and decided : \"The unconditional and eternal union of Bukovina -within its old boundaries up to the rivers Ceremu\u015f, Colacin and Dniester \u2013 to the kingdom of Romania\".\nHe died in Cern\u0103u\u1e6di (now Chernivtsi), and was buried in Storojine\u1e6d.", "Q29327": "Der Tunnel is a made-for-television German film released in 2001 and loosely based on true events in Berlin following\nthe closing of the East German border in August 1961 and the subsequent construction of the Berlin Wall. Roland Suso Richter directed the film. The theatrical release is 20 minutes shorter than the original television version. The subtitled English version was not available until 2005.", "Q323890": "Amiga is a popular music record label in Germany. Once an organ of the East German state-owned music publisher VEB Deutsche Schallplatten, Amiga became a label of the Bertelsmann Music Group in 1994.\nIn 1947, actor and singer Ernst Busch got permission from the Soviet Military Administration in Germany to create a music publishing house, which was named Lied der Zeit GmbH (\"Song of the Times\"). This publishing company included the label Amiga. In the 1950s, Lied der Zeit became VEB Deutsche Schallplatten (\"German Records\"), a state-owned company with a monopoly on record production. VEB Deutsche Schallplatten had a number of labels, each with a different purview; Amiga releases included folk, jazz, pop, rock, Schlager music, chanson, and children's music.\nAfter the dissolution of the German Democratic Republic, most of the former East German public state enterprises were dismantled or sold to private investors. The Amiga label and catalog were acquired by Bertelsmann Music Group in 1994, which in turn was dissolved into Sony Music Entertainment in 2008.Amiga's catalog consists of 2,200 albums and about 5,000 singles, with a total of 30,000 titles.", "Q443495": "Graeme Murray Walker, (born 10 October 1923) is a semi-retired English motorsport commentator and journalist. He provided television commentary of live Formula 1 coverage for the BBC between 1976 and 1996, and for ITV between 1997 and 2001.\nDuring his 23-year run as full-time commentator, Walker became known for his animated enthusiasm, authoritative voice and comical blunders \u2013 dubbed \"Murrayisms\" by fans \u2013 during live races. His commentary voice has been likened to a \"screech and resembles a 500cc engine being revved up\". He is regarded by many as the greatest sports commentator of all time. He retired from full-time commentary after the 2001 United States Grand Prix, but has returned to broadcasting part-time in 2005 and has since made occasional appearances on the BBC, Channel 4 and Sky Sports F1.", "Q547181": "Bessie Regina Norris (born December 21, 1953), better known by her stage name Betty Wright, is an American soul and R&B singer, songwriter and background vocalist, who rose to fame in the 1970s with hits such as \"Clean Up Woman\" and \"Tonight is the Night\". She is also prominent in regard to the use of whistle register.", "Q372361": "Prusias I Cholus (Greek: \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03a7\u03c9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \"the Lame\") (lived c. 243 \u2013 182 BC, reigned c. 228 \u2013 182 BC) was a king of Bithynia, the son of Ziaelas of Bithynia.", "Q69703": "Adam Gr\u00fcnewald (born 20 October 1902 in Frickenhausen am Main \u2013 died 22 January 1945 in Veszpr\u00e9m) was a German Schutzstaffel officer and Nazi concentration camp commandant.\nThe son of a carpenter who died when he was 8, Gr\u00fcnewald apprenticed as a baker but found work difficult to come by when the First World War ended and the demobilised soldiers entered the labour market. Attracted to the nationalist propaganda prevalent at the time Gr\u00fcnewald joined the Freikorps before signing on with the army for a 12-year stint. Leaving the army as a staff sergeant in April 1931 Gr\u00fcnewald again struggled to find employment and so joined the Sturmabteilung. He rose to the rank of Obersturmbannf\u00fchrer in the SA before switching to the SS shortly after the Night of the Long Knives.In 1943 he succeeded Karl Chmielewski as commandant of Herzogenbusch concentration camp. However like his predecessor he too was removed. Tried and found guilty of causing the deaths of prisoners by excess cruelty for the Bunker Tragedy, Gr\u00fcnewald was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment but subsequently he was pardoned. He finished the war with the 3rd SS Division Totenkopf and died during a German counteroffensive in the siege of Budapest. His final rank was SS-Sturmbannf\u00fchrer.", "Q11860": "Silvio Berlusconi ( BAIR-luu-SKOH-nee, Italian: [\u02c8silvjo berlu\u02c8sko\u02d0ni] (listen); born 29 September 1936) is an Italian media tycoon and politician who has served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments. He has served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since July 2019.Berlusconi is the controlling shareholder of Mediaset and owned the Italian football club A.C. Milan from 1986 to 2017. He is nicknamed Il Cavaliere (The Knight) for his Order of Merit for Labour, although he voluntarily resigned from this order in March 2014. In 2018, Forbes magazine ranked him as the 190th richest man in the world with a net worth of US$8.0 billion. In 2009, Forbes ranked him 12th in the List of The World's Most Powerful People due to his domination of Italian politics, throughout more than twenty years at the head of the centre-right coalition.Berlusconi was Prime Minister for nine years in total, making him the longest serving post-war Prime Minister of Italy, and the third longest-serving since Italian unification, after Benito Mussolini and Giovanni Giolitti. He was the leader of the centre-right party Forza Italia from 1994 to 2009, and its successor party The People of Freedom from 2009 to 2013. Since November 2013, he has led a revived Forza Italia. Berlusconi was the senior G8 leader from 2009 until 2011 and he currently holds the record for hosting G8 Summits (having hosted three Summits in Italy). After serving nearly 19 years as member of the Chamber of Deputies, Italy's lower house, after the 2013 general election he became a member of the Senate.\nOn 1 August 2013, he was convicted of tax-fraud by the court of final instance, Court of Cassation, confirming his four-year prison sentence (of which three years are automatically pardoned) along with a public office ban for two years. As his age exceeded 70 years, he was exempted from direct imprisonment, and instead served his sentence by doing unpaid social community work. Because he had been sentenced to a gross imprisonment for more than two years, a new Italian anti-corruption law led to the Senate expelling and barring him from serving in any legislative office for six years. Berlusconi has pledged to stay leader of Forza Italia throughout his custodial sentence and public office ban. After his ban ended, Berlusconi ran for and was successfully elected as an MEP at the 2019 European Parliament election.Berlusconi was the first person to assume the premiership without having held any prior government or administrative offices. He is known for his populist political style and brash, overbearing personality. In his long tenure, he was often accused of being an authoritarian leader and a strongman. Berlusconi still remains a controversial figure who divides public opinion and political analysts. Supporters emphasize his leadership skills and charismatic power, his fiscal policy based on tax reduction, and his ability to maintain strong and close foreign relations with both the United States and Russia. In general, critics address his performance as a politician, and the ethics of his government practices in relation to his business holdings. Issues with the former include accusations of having mismanaged the state budget and of increasing the Italian government debt. The second criticism concerns his vigorous pursuit of his personal interests while in office, including benefitting from his own companies' growth due to policies promoted by his governments, having vast conflicts of interest due to ownership of a media empire with which he has restricted freedom of information and finally, being blackmailed as leader because of his turbulent private life.", "Q4412573": "Rabbe Anders Gr\u00f6nblom (May 3, 1950 in Helsinki, Finland \u2013 June 29, 2015) was a Finnish-Swedish businessman who started a successful pizza business in Vaasa, Finland. His first company\u2014a pizzeria\u2014was called O sole mio and it was founded in 1976 in the center of Vaasa. From there he expanded to a pizza franchise chain first called Pizzeria N:o 1. He was known as the \"Pizza-emperor\" (Pizzakeisari in Finnish), because he was the founder of a well known pizza franchise chain called Kotipizza which was the new name of Pizzeria N:o 1 which expanded fast outside of Vaasa. The chain is said to be the biggest one in the Nordic countries. He was also the founder of a shipping company called RG Line, a hotel chain called Omenahotelli and another pizza chain called Golden Rax Pizzabuffet. Most of his companies are subsidiaries of Gr\u00f6nblom International LTD, where Rabbe Gr\u00f6nblom acted as director. Golden Rax Pizzabuffet however is nowadays a part of Finland's largest hotel & restaurant company Restel Oy Ltd, where Rabbe Gr\u00f6nblom sat on the board. He was also on the board of the Finnish tyre company Nokian Renkaat (since 2003).", "Q656752": "Rykodisc is an American record label. Its catalog is owned by Warner Music Group, operating as a unit of WMG's Independent Label Group and is distributed through Alternative Distribution Alliance.", "Q948149": "Palos Verdes Estates is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, situated on the Palos Verdes Peninsula. The city was master-planned by the noted American landscape architect and planner Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. The city is located along the Southern California coastline of the Pacific Ocean.\nThe population was 13,438 at the 2010 census, up from 13,340 in the 2000 census. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, Palos Verdes Estates is the 81st richest place in the United States with at least 1,000 households (based upon per capita income). The 90274 ZIP code (covering the cities of Palos Verdes Estates and Rolling Hills) was ranked the 47th most expensive housing area among high property value U.S. ZIP codes in a 2007 study by Forbes.com. Palos Verdes is also particularly well known for its high-performing schools, with various national publications ranking the high school between 8th and 44th best in the nation in the 2000s and 2010s.", "Q183452": "Zeno the Isaurian (; Latin: Flavius Zeno Augustus; Byzantine Greek: \u0396\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd; c. 425 \u2013 9 April 491), originally named Tarasis Kodisa Rousombladadiotes , was Eastern Roman Emperor from 474 to 475 and again from 476 to 491. Domestic revolts and religious dissension plagued his reign, which nevertheless succeeded to some extent in foreign issues. His reign saw the end of the Western Roman Empire following the deposition of Romulus Augustus and the death of Julius Nepos, but he contributed much to stabilising the Eastern Empire.\nIn ecclesiastical history, Zeno is associated with the Henotikon or \"instrument of union\", promulgated by him and signed by all the Eastern bishops, with the design of solving the monophysite controversy.", "Q907886": "Frederick Edward Walton (13 March 1834 \u2013 16 May 1928), was an English manufacturer and inventor whose invention of Linoleum in Chiswick was patented in 1863. He also invented Lincrusta in 1877.", "Q659461": "The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland (German: Christlichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz, CVP; French: Parti D\u00e9mocrate-Chr\u00e9tien, PDC; Italian: Partito Popolare Democratico, PPD; Romansh: Partida cristiandemocratica Svizra , PCD) is a Christian-democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fifth-largest party in the National Council, with 28 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 13 seats. It has one seat, that of Viola Amherd, on the Swiss Federal Council.\nThe party was founded as the Catholic Conservative Party in 1912. The party peaked in the 1950s, having three members of the Federal Council (1954\u201358) before agreeing to the Magic formula. It adopted its current name in 1970. From 1979 to 2003, the party's vote declined, mostly in the favour of the Swiss People's Party, and the party was reduced to one Federal Councillor at the 2003 election.\nThe party sits in the centre to centre-right of the political spectrum, advocating Christian democracy, the social market economy, and moderate social conservatism. The party is strongest in Catholic rural areas, particularly Central Switzerland and Valais.", "Q158256": "Isabella Clara Eugenia (Spanish: Isabel Clara Eugenia; 12 August 1566 \u2013 1 December 1633) was sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands in the Low Countries and the north of modern France, together with her husband Albert VII, Archduke of Austria. In some sources, she is referred to as Clara Isabella Eugenia. By birth, she was an infanta of Spain and Portugal.\n\n", "Q968299": "Hanna Rambe is an Indonesian writer and journalist (born 23 November 1940 in Jakarta) and was educated largely in Jakarta. In the mid-1960s, she entered the Literature Department at the University of Indonesia where she enrolled in the English language division, but she did not complete her schooling. She began working as a journalist, beginning as a copy-editor at the Indonesian Observer newspaper, and then worked as a translator and reporter for Indonesia Raya until 1974. She also worked as a contributor to the magazine Intisari (1972\u20131977), and then as a journalist at Mutiara magazine from (1977\u20131992).According to Jane Miller, Rambe's stories are infused with a strong sense of irony\u2014in \"The Love of City People,\" a country girl is confused when she meets her city relatives and finds out that they care more about their pets than each other.Rambe's work as a journalist provided her the opportunity to travel and her journeys provided inspiration for her stories. She is also known as an author who researches her subject in detail prior to writing; when preparing Mirah dari Banda she lived for a month in Banda doing research; while writing Seorang Lelaki dari Waimital, Rambe went back and forth to Seram, to the difficult to reach interior of the island.According to Korrie Layun Rampan, Hanna Rambe is a mystery novelist who explores history and connects with the issue of fate as exemplified in Mirah dari Banda.Not all of her works are works of fiction. Her profession as a journalist influenced the form of her writing. Among her other works are biographies: Terhempas Prahara ke Pasifik, Mencari Makna Hidupku (a biography of Ibu Suyatin Kartowijono, a pioneer in the struggle for women\u2019s rights from the 1920s), and Pelayaran Cadik Nusantara (a youth who took a fishing boat alone all the way to Brunei). Today, Hanna Rambe has retired from journalism and spends her days writing as well as teaching English. She is currently working on a three-volume history of Eastern Indonesia in the seventeenth century.", "Q24603": "Independence is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri. It lies within Jackson County, of which it is the county seat. Independence is a satellite city of Kansas City, Missouri, and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. In 2010, it had a total population of 116,830.Independence is known as the \"Queen City of the Trails\" because it was a point of departure for the California, Oregon, and Santa Fe Trails. Independence was also the hometown of U.S. President Harry S. Truman; the Truman Presidential Library and Museum is located in the city, and Truman and First Lady Bess Truman are buried here. The city is also sacred to many Latter Day Saints, with Joseph Smith's 1831 Temple Lot being located here, as well as the headquarters of several Latter Day Saint factions.", "Q62656": "Georg Heinrich Freiherr von Langsdorff (8 April 1774 \u2013 9 June 1852) was a German naturalist and explorer, as well as a Russian diplomat, better known by his Russian name, Grigori Ivanovich Langsdorf. He was a member and correspondent of the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences and a respected physician, graduated in medicine and natural history at the University of G\u00f6ttingen, Germany.\nLangsdorff first participated as naturalist and physician in the great Russian scientific circumnavigation expedition commanded by Adam Johann von Krusenstern, from 1803 to 1805. He left the expedition in Kamchatka to explore the Aleutians, Kodiak and Sitka; and returned from San Francisco by ship to Siberia and thence to Saint Petersburg by land, arriving in 1808.\nIn 1813 Langsdorff was nominated consul general of Russia in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He acquired a farm (named \"Mandioca,\" or manioc) in the north of Rio and collected plants, animals and minerals. He hosted and entertained foreign naturalists and scientists, such as Johann Baptist von Spix (1781-1826) and Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1794-1868), and explored the flora, fauna and geography of the province of Minas Gerais with French naturalist Augustin Saint-Hilaire from 1813 to 1820. A recent study found that Langsdorff has 1,500 descendants in Brazil, among them the most famous is Luma de Oliveira, a Brazilian carnival queen.\n\n", "Q193899": "Fontenay-sous-Bois (French pronunciation: \u200b[f\u0254\u0303t.n\u025b.su.bwa]) is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 9.3 km (5.8 mi) from the center of Paris.", "Q428234": "William Pfaff (December 29, 1928 \u2013 April 30, 2015) was an American author, op-ed columnist for the International Herald Tribune and frequent contributor to The New York Review of Books.", "Q215488": "Lucas Stephen Grabeel ( GRAY-beel; born November 23, 1984) is an American actor, film producer, singer, and songwriter. He is best known for roles such as Ryan Evans in the High School Musical film series, as Ezra Chase in The Adventures of Food Boy (2008) and as Ethan Dalloway in the third and fourth installments of the Halloweentown series: Halloweentown High (2004) and Return to Halloweentown (2006). He also appeared as a young Lex Luthor and Conner Kent in the television series Smallville. \nGrabeel played Toby Kennish in the ABC Family/Freeform drama Switched at Birth. He also provided the voice of Deputy Peck in the Disney Junior TV series Sheriff Callie's Wild West.", "Q107752": "Theo Sommer (born 10 June 1930) is a German newspaper editor and intellectual. He has been at Die Zeit since 1958, rising to Editor-in-Chief and Publisher. He is considered one of Germany's foremost authorities on international relations and strategic issues.\n\n", "Q360765": "Carlos Salvador Bilardo (born 16 March 1938) is an Argentine former football player and manager.\nBilardo achieved worldwide renown as a player with Estudiantes de La Plata in the 1960s, and as the manager of the Argentina side that won the 1986 FIFA World Cup and came close to retaining the title in 1990, where they reached the final. As manager of Argentina, he was renowned for successfully employing the 3\u20135\u20132 formation at the highest level; this formation has been in use for decades, but has never achieved mainstream status.\nHe is known by fans and the media as el narig\u00f3n (big nose).", "Q64227": "Peter H\u00f6gl (19 August 1897 \u2013 2 May 1945) was a German officer holding the rank of SS-Obersturmbannf\u00fchrer (lieutenant colonel) who was a member of one of Adolf Hitler's bodyguard units. He spent time in the F\u00fchrerbunker in Berlin at the end of World War II. H\u00f6gl later died from wounds received during the break-out on 2 May 1945 while crossing the Weidendammer Bridge under heavy fire in Berlin.", "Q64541": "Obersiggenthal is a municipality located in the Limmat Valley, within the district of Baden, in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland.", "Q192239": "Historical fiction is a literary genre in which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past. Although the term is commonly used as a synonym for the historical novel, it can also be applied to other types of narrative, including theatre, opera, cinema and television, as well as video games and graphic novels.\nAn essential element of historical fiction is that it is set in the past and pays attention to the manners, social conditions and other details of the depicted period. Authors also frequently choose to explore notable historical figures in these settings, allowing readers to better understand how these individuals might have responded to their environments. Some subgenres such as alternate history and historical fantasy insert speculative or ahistorical elements into a novel.\nWorks of historical fiction are sometimes criticized for lack of authenticity because of readerly criticism or genre expectations for accurate period details. This tension between historical authenticity, or historicity, and fiction frequently becomes a point of comment for readers and popular critics, while scholarly criticism frequently goes beyond this commentary, investigating the genre for its other thematic and critical interests.\nHistorical fiction as a contemporary Western literary genre has its foundations in the early-19th-century works of Sir Walter Scott and his contemporaries in other national literatures such as the Frenchman Honor\u00e9 de Balzac, the American James Fenimore Cooper, and a later Russian, Leo Tolstoy. However, the melding of \"historical\" and \"fiction\" in individual works of literature has a long tradition in most cultures; both western traditions (as early as Ancient Greek and Roman literature) as well as Eastern, in the form of oral and folk traditions (see mythology and folklore), which produced epics, novels, plays and other fictional works describing history for contemporary audiences.", "Q533166": "Tutzing is a municipality in the district of Starnberg in Bavaria, Germany, on the west bank of the Starnberger See. Just 40 km south-west of Munich and with good views of the Alps, the town was traditionally a favorite vacation spot for those living in the city.\nIn 1873 Johannes Brahms spent four summer months in Tutzing, completing his String Quartets Opus 51 and writing the Haydn Variations. A small lakeside park is dedicated to him, and a plaque stands near the large house where he lived and worked.\nThe town of 10,000 is home to many commuters to Munich, as well as to retirees. Tutzing station is both a terminus of Munich's S-Bahn rail network and a regional train hub serving Innsbruck, Mittenwald, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Reutte, Kochel and Oberammergau.\nTutzing is equipped with a regional hospital and various clinics. It hosts the conference centre Evangelische Akademie Tutzing, founded in 1947.\nTourists and cyclists continue to visit, often while circling the lake or starting or ending a hike. Horseback riding is possible from a number of nearby farms.\nTutzing has been home to various German celebrities, including the former president of the Federal Constitutional Court Hans-J\u00fcrgen Papier, musicians Peter Maffay, Leslie M\u00e1ndoki, and Elly Ney, the late Guido Dessauer, and the military general and theorist Erich Ludendorff, who died and is buried in the town.\nDuring the Nazi period, Trutskirch-Tutzing (Dornier), a forced-labor factory for the Dornier-Werke GmbH aircraft concern, was a sub-camp of Dachau Concentration Camp. The town was also a stop on the \"trail of tears\" of inmates forcibly marched south in 1945; a plaque at the town hall commemorates them.", "Q223884": "Hotel Rwanda is a 2004 drama film directed by Terry George. It was adapted from a screenplay co-written by George and Keir Pearson, and stars Don Cheadle and Sophie Okonedo as hotelier Paul Rusesabagina and his wife Tatiana. Based on the Rwandan genocide, which occurred during the spring of 1994, the film documents Rusesabagina's efforts to save the lives of his family and more than a thousand other refugees by providing them with shelter in the besieged H\u00f4tel des Mille Collines. Hotel Rwanda explores genocide, political corruption, and the repercussions of violence.The film was a co-production between United Artists and Lions Gate Films, and was commercially distributed by United Artists theatrically and by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for home media. Hotel Rwanda premiered in theatres in limited release in the United States on 22 December 2004 and in wide release on 4 February 2005, grossing more than $23 million in domestic ticket sales. It earned an additional $10 million in business through international release to top out at a combined total near $34 million in gross revenue. The Blu-ray Disc edition of the film, featuring special documentaries along with selected scenes and audio commentary, was released in the United States on 10 May 2011.\nThe film was nominated for multiple awards, including Oscar nominations for Best Actor (Cheadle), Best Supporting Actress (Okonedo), and Best Original Screenplay. The film also won a number of awards, including those from the Berlin and Toronto International Film Festivals.\nOn 11 January 2005, the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released by the Commotion label. It features songs written by several recording artists including Wyclef Jean and Deborah Cox. The film score was composed by Rupert Gregson-Williams, Andrea Guerra, and the Afro Celt Sound System.\n\n", "Q606603": "William \"Casey Bill\" Weldon (December 10, 1909 \u2013 c. 1970) was an American country blues musician.Weldon was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, United States, and later lived and worked in Chicago, Illinois. He was one of the early musicians who recorded playing slide guitar. He played upbeat, hokum and country blues tunes. Playing a National steel guitar flat on his lap Hawaiian style, he was known as the \"Hawaiian Guitar Wizard\".\nWeldon was married to the singer and guitarist Memphis Minnie in the 1920s.Only recently it has been widely accepted that he is not the musician, Will Weldon, who recorded between 1927 and 1928 as a member of the Memphis Jug Band.Weldon cut over 60 sides for Bluebird and Vocalion. He was also an active session guitarist, performing on records by Teddy Darby, Bumble Bee Slim, Peetie Wheatstraw, and Memphis Minnie. On Memphis Minnie's last recording for Bluebird Records, in October 1935, Weldon accompanied her for the first time. He played on two sides, \"When the Sun Goes Down, Part 2\" and \"Hustlin' Woman Blues\". He had solo hits with his two best-known songs, \"Somebody Done Changed the Lock on That Door\" and \"We Gonna Move to the Outskirts of Town\".\nAfter his divorce from Memphis Minnie, he married the blues singer Geeshie Wiley. They disappeared from the public eye soon after, and he had stopped recording by 1938.\nHis date of death is unknown but is presumed to be sometime around 1970.", "Q87802": "Karl Christoph \"Carlo\" Sch\u00e4fer (2 January 1964 \u2013 8 September 2015) was a German author of crime novels.", "Q109019": "Kurt L\u00fcdecke (5 February 1890, in Berlin \u2013 1960, in Prien am Chiemsee) was an ardent German nationalist and international traveler who joined the Nazi party in the early 1920s and who used his social connections to raise money for the NSDAP. Before attending a rally at which Adolf Hitler was a featured speaker, L\u00fcdecke had assumed that Hitler was simply \"one more fanatic\" but after hearing Hitler speak at a mass demonstration at the Konigsplatz in Munich, he had adopted Hitler as his hero: \"His appeal to German manhood was like a call to arms, the gospel he preached a sacred truth.\" The next day, he spoke to Hitler for four hours and offered himself to Hitler and the Nazi cause \"without reservation...I had given him my soul.\"", "Q24165": "Helene Valerie Hayman, Baroness Hayman, (n\u00e9e Middleweek; born 26 March 1949), is a British politician who was Lord Speaker of the House of Lords in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. As a member of the Labour Party she was a Member of Parliament from 1974 to 1979, and became a life peer in 1996.\nOutside politics, she has been involved in health issues, serving on medical ethics committees and the governing bodies of bodies in the National Health Service and health charities. In 2006, she won the inaugural election for the newly created position of Lord Speaker.", "Q349491": "Alberto Zedda (2 January 1928 \u2013 6 March 2017) was an Italian conductor and musicologist whose specialty was the 19th-century Italian repertoire.\nAlberto Zedda was born in Milan, Italy, where he accomplished his education in music and humanities, completed at the Musical Palaeography School of Cremona. \nIn 1957 he won the International Italian Radio and Television Competition for Conductors and thereafter was invited to appear with important Institutions in Italy (La Scala, Santa Cecilia, Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, the TV-Radio Orchestras of Rome, Turin, Milan, Naples\u2026) and abroad in Germany, Holland, Belgium, France, Spain, Poland, Russia, Israel, United States, China, Japan\u2026\nBesides the symphonic activity, Alberto Zedda has developed an outstanding career in opera: La Scala, San Carlo, La Fenice, Massimo di Palermo, Comunale di Bologna, Regio di Torino, Covent Garden, Marinski, Vienna, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Paris, Helsinki, Tel Aviv, Warsaw, Lisboa, Barcelona, Madrid, Sevilla, Oviedo, Bilbao, La Coru\u00f1a, Moscow, Berlin, Munich, Hamburg, Amsterdam, Prague, Osaka, Tokyo\u2026.\nRecordings made under his direction include operas as well as symphonic and chamber music.\nHe taught at the Piacenza Conservatory (Orchestral Practice), at the Osimo Academy (Musical Philology) and at the Urbino University (History of the Music). Founder and Director of the Accademia Rossiniana in Pesaro. \nHe has always dedicated part of his time to musicology, editing widely successful critical versions of operas, oratorios and cantatas, with particular attention to Rossini and to the first half of the 19th Century and early baroque repertoire. Alberto Zedda was member of the Editorial Board of the Fondazione Rossini since it was created.\nHe wrote Divagazioni Rossiniane, published in 2012 by Ricordi, Milan, which was translated to spanish, german and english.\nHe was Principal guest conductor for Italian repertoire at the New York City Opera; Musical Director at the Festival della Valle D\u2019Itria of Martina Franca; Artistic Advisor of the Pesaro\u2019s Rossini Opera Festival and of La Coru\u00f1a\u2019s Festival Mozart; Artistic Director of Baroque Festival of Fano ; Artistic Director of Rossini Opera Festival di Pesaro and of the theatres Carlo Felice in Genova and La Scala in Milan. \nAlberto Zedda was Grand Officer of Merit of the Italian Republic, member of the Ordre du \u201cMerite Culturel\u201d of Poland, Acad\u00e9mico Correspondiente de la Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas Letras de Sevilla, Honorary Chairmen of the Deutsche Rossini Gesellschaft. He received the degree honoris causa in Communication Sciences by the Macerata University. \n\n", "Q224133": "30 Minutes or Less is a 2011 American black comedy film directed by Ruben Fleischer and starring Jesse Eisenberg, Danny McBride, Aziz Ansari and Nick Swardson. It was produced by Columbia Pictures and funded by Media Rights Capital.", "Q1541087": "Grachan Moncur II (sometimes credited as Grachan Moncur) (born September 2, 1915, Miami, Florida - died November 3, 1996, Miami) was an American jazz bassist with the Savoy Sultans. He is the half-brother of Al Cooper and the father of jazz trombonist Grachan Moncur III.Moncur was a multi-instrumentalist as a teenager, learning trombone, tuba, and double bass while growing up in Miami. After moving to Newark, New Jersey, he began playing bass on a local radio station, where John Hammond heard him. Hammond brought Moncur in for studio sessions in 1935\u201336 with Mildred Bailey, Bunny Berigan, Putney Dandridge, Bud Freeman, and Teddy Wilson. He was a founding member of the Savoy Sultans, playing with the group until 1945. Later in the 1940s, he worked with Ike Quebec and Ace Harris.Moncur moved back to Miami in the 1950s, where he remained active until late in the 1960s.", "Q121795": "Roland Vogt (German: [ fo\u02d0kt]; 17 February 1941 \u2013 20 May 2018) was a German politician. He was the first member of the German Green Party to be elected to the Bundestag from Rhineland-Palatinate. \nVogt was born in Gelnhausen, Hesse-Nassau. He studied law and political science in Berlin. In 1975, he became involved with the anti-nuclear power movement in southwestern Germany and in succeeding years edited environmental magazines. In 1978, he was one of the co-founders of a regional predecessor to the Green party in Berlin, and campaigned for the European parliament in 1979.In the elections of 1983, Vogt was elected to the Bundestag, but resigned two years later because of the then prevailing Green rules of \"rotation\", which specified that legislators should share their terms with others, rather than serving out a full term. He was succeeded by Willi Tatge, and assumed the post of Rhineland-Palatainate party chair for two years (1986\u20131987). In the following legislative period, he served as a legislative aide to the Green caucus of the Bundestag. He was also a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe between 1983 and 1985.After the reunification of Germany, Vogt was hired by the \"traffic light coalition\" government of Brandenburg (consisting of the \"red\" (SPD), \"yellow\" (FDP), and \"green\" (Alliance 90/The Greens) parties) to oversee the process of \"conversion\" \u2014 the transition of local economies that had been based on supporting Soviet military bases to a civilian economy. In this job, he drew on experiences from Rhineland-Palatinate, whose economy was heavily influenced by US military bases. The Green party had opposed the US military presence in the 1980s in Rhineland-Palatinate and developed numerous alternative concepts.\nIn 1996, Vogt joined the Brandenburg central committee of the Green party, and in 2000 was elected party chair of Brandenburg, serving until 2003. In the regional elections of 2004, he campaigned for the Brandenburg parliament, but the Green party failed to reach the 5% minimum required for representation. His attempt to win a spot on the Rhineland-Palatinate Green ticket for the Bundestag election of 2005 failed to find adequate support at the party convention in Mainz on 17 July 2005.\nVogt died on 20 May 2018, aged 77.", "Q69065": "Minusio is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q230146": "Zunhua (Chinese: \u9075\u5316; pinyin: Z\u016bnhu\u00e0) is a county-level city in the northeast of Hebei province, China, bordering Tianjin to the west. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Tangshan. Historic sites include the Eastern Qing Tombs (Qing Dongling).\n\n", "Q210296": "Xanthi (Greek: \u039e\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03b7, X\u00e1nthi, [\u02c8ksan\u03b8i]) is a city in the region of Western Thrace, northeastern Greece. It is the capital of the Xanthi regional unit of the region of East Macedonia and Thrace.\nAmphitheatrically built on the foot of Rhodope mountain chain, the city is divided by the Kosynthos River, into the west part, where the old and the modern town are located, and the east part that boasts a rich natural environment. The \"Old Town of Xanthi\" is known throughout Greece for its distinctive architecture, combining many Byzantine Greek churches with neoclassical mansions of Greek merchants from the 18th and 19th centuries and Ottoman-era mosques. Other landmarks in Xanthi include the Archaeological Museum of Abdera and the Greek Folk Art Museum.\nXanthi is famous throughout Greece (especially Macedonia and Thrace) for its annual spring carnival (Greek: \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9) which has a significant role in the city's economy. Over 40 cultural associations from around Greece participate in the carnival program. The festivities which take place during the period include concerts, theatre plays, music and dance nights, exhibitions, a cycling event, games on the streets, and re-enactments of old customs.", "Q1702106": "Manhattan School of Music (MSM) is a private music conservatory in New York City. The school offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in the areas of classical and jazz performance and composition, as well as a bachelor's in musical theatre.Founded in 1917, the school is located on Claremont Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of New York City, adjacent to Broadway and West 122nd Street (Seminary Row). The MSM campus was originally the home to The Institute of Musical Art (which later became Juilliard) until Juilliard migrated to the Lincoln Center area of Midtown Manhattan. The property was originally owned by the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum until The Institute of Musical Art purchased it in 1910. The campus of Columbia University is close by, where it has been since 1895. Many of the students live in the school's residence hall, Andersen Hall.", "Q16869": "Constantinople (Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2, translit. K\u014dnstantino\u00fapolis (pronunciation ); Latin: C\u014dnstant\u012bnopolis; Turkish: Kostantiniyye) was the capital city of the Roman Empire (330\u2013395), of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire (395\u20131204 and 1261\u20131453), of the brief Crusader state known as the Latin Empire (1204\u20131261) and of the Ottoman Empire (1453\u20131923). With the establishment of the Turkish Republic, in 1923 the capital of Turkey was moved to Ankara and the original Roman Empire name Constantinople was officially changed to the Turkish name Istanbul; the city is still referred to as Constantinople in Greek-speaking sources. The original city is located in what is now the European side and the core of modern Istanbul.\nIn 324 the ancient city of Byzantium became the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great, after whom it was renamed, and dedicated on 11 May 330. From the mid-5th century to the early 13th century, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe. The city became famous for its architectural masterpieces, such as Hagia Sophia, the cathedral of the Eastern Orthodox Church, which served as the seat of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, the sacred Imperial Palace where the Emperors lived, the Galata Tower, the Hippodrome, the Golden Gate of the Land Walls, and the opulent aristocratic palaces lining the arcaded avenues and squares. The University of Constantinople was founded in the fifth century and contained numerous artistic and literary treasures before it was sacked in 1204 and 1453, including its vast Imperial Library which contained the remnants of the Library of Alexandria and had over 100,000 volumes of ancient texts. It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times as the home of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople and as the guardian of Christendom's holiest relics such as the Crown of thorns and the True Cross.\n\nConstantinople was famed for its massive and complex defences. The first wall of the city was erected by Constantine I, and surrounded the city on both land and sea fronts. Later, in the 5th century, the Praetorian prefect Anthemius under the child emperor Theodosius II undertook the construction of the Theodosian Walls, which consisted of a double wall lying about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the west of the first wall and a moat with palisades in front. This formidable complex of defences was one of the most sophisticated of Antiquity. The city was built intentionally to rival Rome, and it was claimed that several elevations within its walls matched the 'seven hills' of Rome. Because it was located between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara the land area that needed defensive walls was reduced, and this helped it to present an impregnable fortress enclosing magnificent palaces, domes, and towers, the result of the prosperity it achieved from being the gateway between two continents (Europe and Asia) and two seas (the Mediterranean and the Black Sea). Although besieged on numerous occasions by various armies, the defences of Constantinople proved impregnable for nearly nine hundred years.\nIn 1204, however, the armies of the Fourth Crusade took and devastated the city, and its inhabitants lived several decades under Latin misrule. In 1261 the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos liberated the city, and after the restoration under the Palaiologos dynasty, enjoyed a partial recovery. With the advent of the Ottoman Empire in 1299, the Byzantine Empire began to lose territories and the city began to lose population. By the early 15th century, the Byzantine Empire was reduced to just Constantinople and its environs, along with Morea in Greece, making it an enclave inside the Ottoman Empire; after a 53-day siege the city eventually fell to the Ottomans, led by Sultan Mehmed II, on 29 May 1453, whereafter it replaced Edirne (Adrianople) as the new capital of the Ottoman Empire.", "Q78168": "Mehmet Kurtulu\u015f (born 27 April 1972) is a Turkish-German actor. He is best known for his work with German director Fatih Akin.", "Q1382297": "John Roebuck of Kinneil FRS FRSE (1718 \u2013 17 July 1794) was an English inventor and industrialist who played an important role in the Industrial Revolution and who is known for developing the industrial-scale manufacture of sulphuric acid.\n\n", "Q60727": "Anthony (German: Anton; 27 December 1755 in Dresden \u2013 6 June 1836 in Dresden), was a King of Saxony (1827\u20131836) from the House of Wettin. He became known as Anton der G\u00fctige, (en: \"Anthony the Kind\").He was the fifth but third surviving son of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony, and Maria Antonia of Bavaria.", "Q236537": "Molly Sims (born May 25, 1973) is an American model and actress. She has appeared in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue and played Delinda Deline in the NBC drama Las Vegas.", "Q3420566": "Ray Elgin Teal (January 12, 1902 \u2013 April 2, 1976) was an American actor. His most famous role came on the television series Bonanza (1959\u20131972). He also appeared in several films such as Western Jamboree (1938), The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), The Black Arrow (1948), Ace in the Hole (1951) and Judgment at Nuremberg (1961).", "Q67048": "Grabs is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Werdenberg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q69071": "M\u00fcnchenbuchsee is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is famous as the birthplace of painter Paul Klee.", "Q66342": "Selma is a former municipality in Moesa District in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Arvigo, Braggio, Cauco and Selma merged to form the new municipality of Calanca.The local language is Italian.\nWith a population at the end of 2008 of only 36, it was one of the smallest communities in Switzerland. The village had however declared its intention to remain an independent entity.", "Q102158": "Narva (Estonian pronunciation: [\u02c8n\u0251r\u028b\u0251]; Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430, Russian pronunciation: [\u02c8narv\u0259]) is a municipality and city in Estonia. It is located in Ida-Viru County, at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, at the Russian border, on the Narva River which drains Lake Peipus. The city of Narva is the country's third largest.", "Q197355": "Zhang Zilin (simplified Chinese: \u5f20\u6893\u7433; traditional Chinese: \u5f35\u6893\u7433; pinyin: Zh\u0101ng Z\u01d0l\u00edn) is a Chinese actress, singer, fashion model and beauty queen who won Miss China World in 2007 and later was crowned as Miss World 2007.", "Q568610": "Manhattan Beach is a city in southwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States, on the Pacific coast south of El Segundo, and north of Hermosa Beach. As of the 2010 census, the population was 35,135, and in 2018 the population was estimated to be 35,532.Manhattan Beach is one of the three Beach Cities, others known as Hermosa Beach and Redondo Beach, that make up the South Bay region of Los Angeles County. The community is known for a long beach stretching approximately 2.1 miles (3.4 km) and roughly 450 feet (140 m) wide. The climate is unusually moderate because of Manhattan Beach's proximity to the Pacific Ocean, with an average year-round high temperature of 69.1 \u00b0F (20.6 \u00b0C) and an average year-round low of 56.4 \u00b0F (13.6 \u00b0C).\nIts schools are run independently of Los Angeles Unified School District with a separate school board based in Manhattan Beach. Mira Costa High School in Manhattan Beach is ranked in the top 1% of high schools nationally and has students from both Manhattan Beach and Hermosa Beach.According to a May 18, 2017, PropertyShark study, the City of Manhattan Beach 90266 zip code ranked as the 32nd most expensive zip code in the United States. According to a December 2017 PropertyShark study the City of Manhattan Beach had the highest median price per square foot for residential properties ($943 per square foot) of all 88 cities in L.A. County, ahead of Malibu and Beverly Hills. The residents have a median age of 44.2 years, an average household size of 2.5, and 55.6% are married. Manhattan Beach is known for having less traffic congestion than other parts of Los Angeles, along with many fine dining options, and a casual beach culture. According to a March 6, 2020 article in several newspapers (including the Orange County Register) the City of Manhattan Beach California was ranked as the \"Best City\" to live in the United States. The study ranking Manhattan Beach as the nation's top City was conducted by Wall St./24/7 a news and survey organization.", "Q2053442": "Ernst Waldemar Jungner (June 19, 1869 \u2013 August 30, 1924) was a Swedish inventor and engineer. In 1899 he invented the nickel-iron electric storage battery (NiFe), the nickel-cadmium battery (NiCd) and the rechargeable alkaline silver-cadmium battery (AgCd). As an inventor he also fabricated a fire alarm based on different dilutions of metals. He worked on the electrolytic production of sodium carbonate, and patented a rock drilling device.", "Q200091": "17 Girls (French: 17 filles) is a 2011 French comedy-drama film about 17 teenage girls who make a pregnancy pact. The film was screened at the 2011 Montreal World Film Festival and the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. 17 Girls is based on the alleged pregnancy pact that took place at Gloucester High School in Massachusetts in 2008.The 2010 American film The Pregnancy Pact is based on the same story.", "Q76151": "Rainer Hunold (born 1 November 1949 in Brunswick, West Germany) is a German television actor.", "Q510973": "Karl Gustaf Ingvar Wixell, (May 7, 1931 \u2013 October 8, 2011) was a Swedish baritone who had an active international career in operas and concerts from 1955 to 2003. He mostly sang roles from the Italian repertory, and, according to The New York Times, \"was best known for his steady-toned, riveting portrayals of the major baritone roles of Giuseppe Verdi \u2014 among them Rigoletto, Simon Boccanegra, Amonasro in Aida, and Germont in La traviata\".", "Q2896174": "Benjamin Meggot Forster (16 January 1764 \u2013 8 March 1829) was an English botanist and mycologist who wrote An Introduction to the Knowledge of Fungusses in 1820.", "Q380685": "Michele Placido (Italian: [mi\u02c8k\u025b\u02d0le \u02c8pla\u02d0t\u0283ido]; born 19 May 1946) is an Italian actor and director. He is best known for the role of Corrado Cattani in the TV series La piovra.", "Q1379757": "Rye is a small, coastal, suburban city in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is separate from the town of Rye, which has more land area than the city. Rye city, formerly the village of Rye, was part of the town until it received its charter as a city in 1942, making it the youngest city in New York State. Some resources that track housing estimate that Rye's population is over 16,000. Its population density for its 5.85 square miles of land is roughly 2,729.76/sq mi.Rye is notable for its waterfront which covers 60 percent of the city's six square miles and is governed by a waterfront act instituted in 1991. Located in the city are two National Historic Landmarks: the Boston Post Road Historic District was designated a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service in 1993; its centerpiece is the Jay Estate, the childhood home of John Jay, a Founding Father and the first Chief Justice of the United States.\nPlayland, a historic amusement park designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987 is also located in Rye. Playland features one of the oldest wooden roller coasters in the Northeast, the Dragon Coaster.", "Q270576": "Rena Marlette Greek (now Lesnar; born August 8, 1967), better known as Sable, is an American model, actress, and retired professional wrestler. She is primarily known for her time in WWE. She began working for WWE in 1996. As Sable, she gained considerable popularity. After feuding with Luna Vachon, and Jacqueline, Sable became the second WWF Women's Champion after the title was reinstated into the company. After becoming a heel and leaving the company, she filed a $110 million lawsuit against the company, citing allegations of sexual harassment and unsafe working conditions.In 2003, she returned to WWE and was put into a feud with Torrie Wilson, and another storyline as Vince McMahon's mistress. In 2004, she left the company to spend more time with her family. Outside wrestling, she is considered to be a sex symbol and has been featured on the cover of Playboy three times. The April 1999 issue of the magazine with her on the cover was one of the highest selling issues in Playboy history. She has guest starred on several television series, including Pacific Blue, and appeared in the film Corky Romano.", "Q229403": "Cecelia Ahern (born 30 September 1981) is an Irish novelist known for her works like PS, I Love You, Where Rainbows End and If You Could See Me Now. Born in Dublin, Ahern is now published in nearly fifty countries, and has sold over 25 million copies of her novels worldwide. Two of her books have been adapted as major motion films.\nShe and her books have won numerous awards, including the Irish Book Award for Popular Fiction for The Year I Met You.She has published several novels and contributed a number of short stories to various anthologies. Ahern also created and produced the ABC comedy Samantha Who? starring Christina Applegate.\nShe is the face of Littlewoods Ireland.", "Q226730": "A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound (and in particular, no audible dialogue). In silent films for entertainment, the plot may be conveyed by the use of title cards, written indications of the plot and key dialogue lines. The idea of combining motion pictures with recorded sound is nearly as old as film itself, but because of the technical challenges involved, the introduction of synchronized dialogue became practical only in the late 1920s with the perfection of the Audion amplifier tube and the advent of the Vitaphone system.The term \"silent film\" is something of a misnomer, as these films were almost always accompanied by live sounds. During the silent era that existed from the mid-1890s to the late 1920s, a pianist, theater organist\u2014or even, in large cities, a small orchestra\u2014would often play music to accompany the films. Pianists and organists would play either from sheet music, or improvisation. Sometimes a person would even narrate the intertitle cards for the audience. Though at the time the technology to synchronize sound with the video did not exist, music was seen as an essential part of the viewing experience. The term is also frequently used to describe sound-era films that have a recorded music-only soundtrack without dialogue, such as City Lights and The Artist.\nThe term silent film is a retronym\u2014a term created to retroactively distinguish something. Early sound films, starting with The Jazz Singer in 1927, were variously referred to as the \"talkies,\" \"sound films,\" or \"talking pictures.\" Within a decade, the widespread production of silent films for popular entertainment had ceased, and the industry had moved fully into the sound era, in which movies were accompanied by synchronized sound recordings of spoken dialogue, music and sound effects.\nMost early motion pictures are considered lost because the nitrate film used in that era was extremely unstable and flammable. Additionally, many films were deliberately destroyed because they had negligible continuing financial value in this era. It has often been claimed that around 75 percent of silent films have been lost, though these estimates may be inaccurate due to a lack of numerical data.", "Q3185339": "Joseph Masson (January 5, 1791 \u2013 May 15, 1847) was a Canadian businessman, who is considered the first French Canadian millionaire.\nSeigneur of Terrebonne, Quebec, president of Masson societies, president of the City Gas, he was also vice-president of the Banque de Montr\u00e9al, president of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society of Montreal and member of the Legislative Council of Lower Canada.\nHe was the major Canadian businessman in the 1830 years, and he is a member of the Canadian Business Hall of Fame.", "Q64555": "Jenaz (Romansh: Gianatsch) is a Swiss village in the Pr\u00e4ttigau and a municipality in the political district Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q225239": "Joel James Gretsch (born December 20, 1963) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles on The 4400, Taken and V.\n\n", "Q74746": "Elvira Sakhipzadovna Nabiullina (Russian: \u042d\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043f\u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430; Tatar: \u042d\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u04d9\u0445\u0438\u043f\u0437\u04d9\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u044b\u0437\u044b \u041d\u04d9\u0431\u0438\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430; Bashkir: \u042d\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u04d9\u0445\u0438\u043f\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u04a1\u044b\u0499\u044b \u041d\u04d9\u0431\u0438\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430; born 29 October 1963) is a Russian economist and head of the Central Bank of Russia. She was Russian President Vladimir Putin's economic adviser between May 2012 to June 2013 after serving as minister of economic development and trade from September 2007 to May 2012. As of 2019, she is listed as the 53rd most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.\n\n", "Q3571729": "Yannick Bollor\u00e9 (born 1 February 1980) is the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Havas, the fifth largest global communications company, a subsidiary of Bollor\u00e9 Group, the business empire of his family, chaired by his father Vincent.", "Q121959": "Theophil Friedrich Christen (April 1, 1873 in Basel \u2013 May 6, 1920 in Genfersee) was a doctor, mathematician, physicist, economist and pioneer of physical medicine, in particular of X-ray radiation.\nZeitschrift f\u00fcr medizinische Physik wrote:\nThe Swiss mathematician and physician Theophil Christen was one of the first important pioneers in Medical Physics. He structured the previously confused field of physical concepts and definitions for medical applications of X-rays and paved the way for the modern understanding of dosimetry.\nIn his honor, the Swiss Society for Radiation Biology and Medical Physics established the Theophil-Christen Medal in 2006, first awarded to Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Valley.", "Q1537105": "Svein Dag Hauge (born 23 October 1956 in \u00c5rdal, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz musician (guitar) and record producer, known from the band Lava and numerous recordings as a studio musician.", "Q898618": "Sun Records is an American independent record label founded by producer Sam Phillips in Memphis, Tennessee in February 1952. Sun was the first label to record Elvis Presley, Charlie Rich, Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash. Prior to that, Sun had concentrated mainly on African-American musicians because Phillips loved rhythm and blues and wanted to bring it to a white audience.", "Q725964": "Daniel Earl Hartman (December 8, 1950 \u2013 March 22, 1994) was an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. Among songs he wrote and recorded were \"Free Ride\" with The Edgar Winter Group, and the solo hits \"Relight My Fire\", \"Instant Replay\", \"I Can Dream About You\", \"We Are the Young\" and \"Second Nature\". \"I Can Dream About You\", his most successful song, reached No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1984. The James Brown song \"Living in America\", which Hartman co-wrote and produced, was even more successful, reaching #4 in 1985. One of the most successful songs he co-wrote was \"Ride on Time\", recorded by Black Box, which reached No. 1 in several countries including the UK.", "Q55788": "Balwant Moreshwar Purandare (born 29 July 1922), popularly known as Babasaheb Purandare is a writer and theatre personality from Maharashtra, India. He was awarded with Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award on 25 January 2019. His works are mostly based on the events related to the life of Chatrapati Shivaji, the 17th-century founder of the Maratha Empire; as a result he is termed as Shiv-Shahir (\"Shivaji's bard\"). He is mostly known for his popular play on chatrapati Shivaji Jaanta Raja which was popular not only in Maharashtra but also in Andhra Pradesh and Goa. Purandare has also studied the history of the Peshwas of Pune. He is also known for his significant contribution along with Madhav Deshpande & Madhav Mehere as senior party leaders in the early-1970s of Shiv Sena along with Balasaheb Thackeray. In 2015, he was awarded with Maharashtra Bhushan Award, Maharashtra's highest civilian award.\n\n", "Q349485": "Jules Allix (1818 in Fontenay-le-Comte, Vend\u00e9e \u2013 1903 in Paris) was a feminist, socialist, and eccentric inventor linked to the Paris Commune.", "Q1933098": "Mike Danzi (September 1, 1898, New York City - February 13, 1986, New York City) was an American jazz and light music banjoist, guitarist, and bandleader.\nDanzi was the son of Italian immigrants; his father, Domenico Danzi, had come to the US in 1892. played violin early in his career, including as the leader of an early jazz group called the Red Devils Jazz Band. In 1921, he switched to playing banjo and worked as a vaudeville performer. As a member of Wilbur Sweatman's orchestra in 1924, he played alongside Duke Ellington; later that year he began playing with Alex Hyde's band, which toured Europe in 1924-1925. Instead of returning with the band, he remained in Germany for the next fourteen years, playing with Bernard Ett\u00e9, Harry Revel and Dajos B\u00e9la as well as with his own group, The Virginians, which he founded in 1929 and was formally led by Teddy Kline (de). He worked in Germany through the 1930s, even though the Nazis condemned jazz music and it became less palatable for Italians to live in Germany after Benito Mussolini's rise to power. He played in the orchestra at La Scala under Otto Stenzel (de) in 1935, and worked on German radio and with light-music orchestras; in 1938 he made a few early television appearances with Otto Sachsenhauser. In October 1939, he had an altercation at the doorman of UFA Film Studios when he refused to carry out the Hitler salute, and he left Germany to return to the United States a few days later. He continued his career in the United States, playing at Radio City Music Hall in 1956.", "Q130854": "Masayoshi Takemura (\u6b66\u6751 \u6b63\u7fa9, Takemura Masayoshi, born 26 August 1934) is a Japanese politician. Elected as a representative of the Liberal Democratic Party, in 1993 he broke away to form New Party Sakigake, before joining the newly formed Democratic Party of Japan in 1997. He served as chief cabinet secretary and then finance minister in the Japanese government of the mid-1990s.", "Q34404": "New Orleans (, locally ; French: La Nouvelle-Orl\u00e9ans [la nuv\u025bl\u0254\u0281le\u0251\u0303] (listen)) is a consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana. With an estimated population of 391,006 in 2018, it is the most populous city in Louisiana. Serving as a major port, New Orleans is considered an economic and commercial hub for the broader Gulf Coast region of the United States.\nNew Orleans is world-renowned for its distinct music, Creole cuisine, unique dialect, and its annual celebrations and festivals, most notably Mardi Gras. The historic heart of the city is the French Quarter, known for its French and Spanish Creole architecture and vibrant nightlife along Bourbon Street. The city has been described as the \"most unique\" in the United States, owing in large part to its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. Founded in 1718 by French colonists, New Orleans was once the territorial capital of French Louisiana before being traded to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. New Orleans in 1840 was the third-most populous city in the United States, and it was the largest city in the American South from the Antebellum era until after World War II. The city has historically been very vulnerable to flooding, due to such factors as high rainfall, low lying elevation, poor natural drainage and location next to multiple bodies of water. State and federal authorities have installed a complex system of levees and drainage pumps in an effort to protect the city.New Orleans was severely affected by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005, which flooded more than 80% of the city, killed or displaced thousands of residents, causing a population decline of over 50%. Since Katrina, major redevelopment efforts have led to a rebound in the city's population. Concerns about gentrification, new residents buying property in formerly closely knit communities, and displacement of longtime residents have been expressed.The city and Orleans Parish (French: paroisse d'Orl\u00e9ans) are coterminous. As of 2017, Orleans Parish is the third most-populous parish in Louisiana, behind East Baton Rouge Parish and neighboring Jefferson Parish. The city and parish are bounded by St. Tammany Parish and Lake Pontchartrain to the north, St. Bernard Parish and Lake Borgne to the east, Plaquemines Parish to the south, and Jefferson Parish to the south and west.\nThe city anchors the larger New Orleans metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 1,275,762 in 2017. It is the most populous metropolitan area in Louisiana and the 46th-most populous MSA in the United States.\n\n", "Q1924282": "Demetrio Javier Sodi de la Tijera (born September 25, 1944 in Mexico City) is a Mexican politician who has served in the upper and lower house of Congress. In 2006 he unsuccessfully ran as the National Action Party (PAN), candidate for the Head of Government of the Federal District.\nHe is the uncle of the popular actress and singer Thal\u00eda.", "Q72451": "Elisabeth \"Elisa\" Charlotte Constanzia von der Recke (n\u00e9e von Medem; 20 May 1754 \u2013 13 April 1833) was a Baltic German writer and poet.", "Q272407": "Laurieann Gibson is a Canadian choreographer, director, television personality, singer, actress and dancer. She has choreographed dance numbers for musical artists such as Michael Jackson, Alicia Keys, Lady Gaga and Beyonc\u00e9. Her music video directing credits include \"Judas\", \"You and I\" and \"Love to My Cobain\".\nIn 2005, Gibson rose to prominence on the MTV reality series, Making the Band, and later worked as a judge on Little Talent Show, Skating with the Stars and So You Think You Can Dance. Gibson also had a brief musical career, in which she released two albums.", "Q1236054": "Jack Reilly (also known as Sean Petrahn) (January 1, 1932 \u2013 May 18, 2018) was an American jazz pianist.\nReilly was born in Staten Island, New York. At age 7, he began classical piano and gave his first recital while still in grammar school. During his teens, he formed a jazz band in high school. This proved to be pivotal in his choice of Jazz as the major musical force in his life. He played in a U.S. Navy band while stationed in Puerto Rico from 1951 to 1953 and it was there that he met Bill Evans. After military duty, Jack received a four year scholarship to the Manhattan School of Music majoring in piano and composition. At school he met many musicians of note who had also been in the military; people like Bill Russo, Phil Woods, Zoot Sims, John Lewis, John LaPorta, and Hall Overton. John LaPorta hired Jack to perform at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1958, the year he graduated from MSM. The critics gave high praise for the quartets performance and raves for Reilly's playing. During this time he also worked with Warren Covington, George Russell, Lennie Tristano, and Jerry Wald. He moved to California briefly in the mid-1960s to study Indian classical music with Ali Akbar Khan, and returned to Manhattan where he composed the large-scale piece Requiem Mass for Chorus and Jazz Quartet. This work was performed in New York with Sheila Jordan, Jack Six, Norman Marnell, Joe Cocuzzo, and the contemporary chorale with Carol Lian conducting.In 1967, Reilly presented an entire evening of his works (solo, trio) at Carnegie Recital Hall. The New York Times reviewed the concert and singled out Reilly's Liturgical Jazz (The Psalms, sung by Sheila Jordan) as being original, exciting and a true synthesis of the blues and classical music. A second choral work was commissioned by the National Endowment for the Arts, Washington, DC. It is titled \"The Light of The Soul\", an oratorio with the Jersey City State Concert Choir conducted by George Hansler and soloists Sherry Kozinsky, Karen Sozio, Theresa Fico, Esther Bell, and Marc Bellson, and Dan Lincoln, reader. The jazz musicians included Jimmy Giuffre (flute and tenor sax), Jack Six (bass), and Joe Cocuzzo (drums).\nReilly served on the faculties of New York University, Berklee College of Music, The Mannes College of Music, and the New School for Social Research. He was chairman of the Department of Jazz Studies at the New England Conservatory of Music as well as the Jazz Program at La Musica A Villa Scarsella in Diano Marina, Italy. Reilly presented lecture/recitals at numerous universities in Europe and in North America including a presentation at the prestigious International Piano Festival and Competition at the University of Maryland.\nReilly died on May 18, 2018 at the age of 86.For more information about Jack Reilly, please see www.jackreillyjazz.com.", "Q62642": "Richard Gl\u00fccks (22 April 1889 \u2013 10 May 1945) was a high-ranking German Nazi official in the SS. From November 1939 until the end of World War II, he was Concentration Camps Inspector (CCI), which became Amt D: Konzentrationslagerwesen under the WVHA in Nazi Germany. As a direct subordinate of Heinrich Himmler, he was responsible for the forced labour of the camp inmates, and was also the supervisor for the medical practices in the camps, ranging from human experimentation to the implementation of the \"Final Solution\", in particular the mass murder of inmates with Zyklon-B gas. After Germany capitulated, Gl\u00fccks committed suicide by swallowing a potassium cyanide capsule.", "Q2902073": "Yosef Fischer (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05e4\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u200e, born 11 February 1920, died 14 December 1992) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Mapai and its successors between 1959 and 1969.\n\n", "Q106458": "Emmanuelle B\u00e9art (born 14 August 1963) is a French film actress, who has appeared in over 60 film and television productions since 1972. An eight-time C\u00e9sar Award nominee, she won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1986 film Manon des Sources. Her other film roles include La Belle Noiseuse (1991), A Heart in Winter (1992), Nelly and Mr. Arnaud (1995), Mission: Impossible (1996) and 8 Women (2002).\n\n", "Q310296": "The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Unabh\u00e4ngige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, USPD) was a short-lived political party in Germany during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. The organization was established in 1917 as the result of a split of left wing members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). The organization attempted to chart a centrist course between electorally oriented revisionism on the one hand and Bolshevism on the other. The organization was terminated in 1931 through merger with the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD).", "Q4798194": "Arthur Cantor (March 12, 1920 \u2013 April 8, 2001) was an accomplished American theatrical producer who contributed to the presentation of over 100 productions that were displayed on stages across the globe, including Broadway, Off-Broadway, London and Paris.Many of his most notable productions were those he funded for comic playwrights, such as Paddy Chayefsky and Herb Gardner. Cantor was recognized for being a 'hands-on' producer, and was involved in nearly every stage of production, including managing the funding and all publicity for the shows. Considering he contributed to numerous Pulitzer Prize-winning productions, including the production of All the Way Home, his tactics for producing proved beneficial. His career was hoisted by his collaborations with some of Broadway's most reputable stars, such as: Colleen Dewhurst, Zero Mostel, Rex Harrison, Ingrid Bergman, Julie Harris, Eileen Atkins and Claire Bloom.", "Q946170": "Jon Secada (born Juan Francisco Secada Ram\u00edrez; October 4, 1961) is a Cuban American and Afro-Cuban singer and songwriter. He has won two Grammy Awards and sold 20 million albums. He fuses funk, soul music, pop, and Latin percussion.\nSecada has written songs for Gloria Estefan, Ricky Martin, and Jennifer Lopez. He has toured with Luciano Pavarotti and recorded duets with Jim Brickman, Olivia Newton-John, and Frank Sinatra.\nSecada has performed many times at A Capitol Fourth.", "Q619051": "Xia Yan (Chinese: \u590f\u884d; pinyin: Xi\u00e0 Y\u01cen; Wade\u2013Giles: Hsia Yen; 30 October 1900 \u2013 6 February 1995) was a Chinese playwright and screenwriter, and China's Deputy Minister of Culture between 1954 and 1965.Among the dozens of plays and screenplays penned by Xia Yan, the most renowned include Under the Eaves of Shanghai (1937) and The Fascist Bacillus (1944). Today the Xia Yan Film Literature Award is named in his honour.", "Q438033": "Alter Kahn und junge Liebe (English-language title: Old Barge, Young Love) is an East German (then GDR) romance film directed by Hans Heinrich. It was released in 1957.", "Q339604": "Dragan \"Gagica\" Mi\u0107anovi\u0107 (Serbian: \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0438\u045b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; born 30 September 1970) is a Serbian actor. International audiences probably best know him for his roles in the films Layer Cake (2004), The White Countess (2005) and RocknRolla (2008). Mi\u0107anovi\u0107 played his first role abroad in Hamlet at the Globe Theatre.", "Q797668": "Babesiosis is a malaria-like parasitic disease caused by infection with the eukaryotic parasite Babesia, an alveolate in the phylum Apicomplexa. Human babesiosis transmission via tick bite is most common in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and parts of Europe, and sporadic throughout the rest of the world. It occurs in warm weather. People can get infected with Babesia parasites by the bite of an infected tick, by getting a blood transfusion from an infected donor of blood products, or by congenital transmission (an infected mother to her baby).\nTicks transmit the human strain of babesiosis, so it often presents with other tick-borne illnesses such as Lyme disease. After trypanosomes, Babesia is thought to be the second-most common blood parasite of mammals, and they can have a major impact on health of domestic animals in areas without severe winters. In cattle the disease is known as Texas cattle fever, redwater, or piroplasmosis.", "Q313947": "Henry Laurence Gantt, A.B., M.E. (; May 20, 1861 \u2013 November 23, 1919) was an American mechanical engineer and management consultant who is best known for his work in the development of scientific management. He created the Gantt chart in the 1910s.\nGantt charts were employed on major infrastructure projects including the Hoover Dam and Interstate highway system and continue to be an important tool in project management and program management.", "Q556098": "Pace University is a private university with its main campus in New York City and secondary campuses in Westchester County, New York. It was established in 1906 by the brothers Homer St. Clair Pace and Charles A. Pace as a business school. Pace enrolls about 13,000 students in bachelor\u2019s, master\u2019s and doctoral programs. It offers about 100 majors at its six schools. The university also offers an MFA in Acting through The Actors Studio Drama School and is home to the Inside the Actors Studio television show.Its main schools are the College of Health Professions; the Dyson College of Arts and Sciences; the Elisabeth Haub School of Law; the Lubin School of Business, the School of Education, and Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems. The school runs a women's justice center in Yonkers, a business incubator and is affiliated with the public school Pace High School.Pace originally operated out of the New York Tribune Building in New York City, and spread as the Pace Institute, operating in several major U.S. cities. In the 1920s, the school divested facilities outside New York, maintaining its Lower Manhattan location. It purchased its first permanent home in Manhattan in 1951, and opened its first Westchester campus in 1963. Pace opened its largest building, 1 Pace Plaza, in 1969. Four years later, it became a university.\n\n", "Q216195": "Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr. (March 2, 1930 \u2013 May 14, 2018) was an American author and journalist widely known for his association with New Journalism, a style of news writing and journalism developed in the 1960s and 1970s that incorporated literary techniques.\nWolfe began his career as a regional newspaper reporter in the 1950s, achieving national prominence in the 1960s following the publication of such best-selling books as The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (a highly experimental account of Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters) and two collections of articles and essays, Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers and The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby. In 1979, he published the influential book The Right Stuff about the Mercury Seven astronauts, which was made into a 1983 film of the same name directed by Philip Kaufman.\nHis first novel, The Bonfire of the Vanities, published in 1987, was met with critical acclaim and also became a commercial success. It was adapted as a major motion picture of the same name directed by Brian De Palma.", "Q85967": "Friedrich Adler (February 13, 1857, Amschelberg, Bohemia, Austrian Empire now Kosova Hora, Czech Republic \u2013 February 2, 1938, Prague) was an Austrian jurist, translator and writer of Bohemian origin.\nFriedrich Adler was the son of innkeeper and soaper Joseph Adler, and his wife Marie F\u00fcrth. After his parents' death (probably in 1866), Adler was only able to attend school in Amschelberg irregularly. Despite this, he was admitted to a gymnasium in Prague, and to the Karl-Ferdinands University in Prague.\nThere, he studied Romance studies, English, Czech, and modern Greek. He later changed subjects and studied law and politics. During his studies, Adler received an award for his translation of a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow in a competition. He finished his studies in 1883 with a doctorate in law.\nAfter his studies he completed a legal clerkship in 1890. In the same year he was licensed to become a lawyer and opened a law office on 1 January 1891 in Prague. In March 1895 he married Regine Wessely from T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010d, Moravia. They had two daughters: Marie-Elise and Gertrude.\nIn 1896, Adler became the secretary of the Prague trade body (which office he held until the start of World War I). He was also a lecturer for Romance philology at the German University in Prague and arts and theatre correspondent for the newspaper Bohemia. From 1900 he taught Spanish at the German trade academy in Prague.\nAfter the First World War, Adler headed the translation department of the Czech National Assembly. He was elected a member of the Society for the Promotion of German Sciences, Arts and Literature in Bohemia and was a prominent figure of the Prague literature scene at the turn of the century, alongside Hugo Salus. He was a member of the patriotic-liberal oriented German artists society Concordia, which met in the \"Deutscher Casino\"; in addition to himself and Salus, the society included writers of the Bohemia. Adler corresponded with Richard Dehmel and Gustav Falke, amongst others.\nFriedrich Adler died at the age of 81 on 2 February 1938 in Prague. His family were victims of the National Socialists: Regine Adler was murdered in 1943 in the concentration camp Theresienstadt, the path of his daughter could only be traced up to 1943 in Zamo\u015b\u0107, Poland.", "Q113733": "Gabriela von Habsburg (born 14 October 1956) also known as Archduchess Gabriela of Austria, is the granddaughter of Charles I, the last Emperor of Austria. She is also a prolific abstract sculptor, working mainly in stainless steel as well as stone-printed lithography. She was the Ambassador of Georgia to Germany from 2009 to 2013.\n\n", "Q885891": "Eugene Staples, better known by the stage name Blue Steele (March 11, 1893 \u2013 July 1, 1971) was an American jazz singer, trombonist and bandleader. He also played mellophone.\nStaples was born in Arkansas and played in a hot jazz group called Watson's Bell Hops in the early 1920s. He put together an orchestra in the middle of the decade in Atlanta, and had his first engagement in Tarpon Springs, Florida soon after. The group became a popular territory band in Florida and the American South, later touring in the Midwest as well. Steele recorded around 20 songs for Victor Records during the period 1927-1930. His sidemen included Frank Martinez, Pat Davis, Joe Hall, Sammy Goble, Gene Gifford, and Kenny Sargent, all of whom later joined the Casa Loma Orchestra. Singers for the group included Kay Austin, Mabel Batson, Clyde Davis, George Marks, and Bob Nolan.\nStaples had a notoriously bad temper and was regarded by his bandmates as difficult to work with; big band historian Leo Walker wrote, \"musicians, anxious to depart the Steele orchestra, had sometimes...been physically beaten by the bandleader.\" His popularity waned over the course of the 1930s, and by 1941 he was conducting a radio orchestra on Mexico City's XEW and leading smaller ensembles. In the 1950s he led a dixieland revival group known as the Rhythm Rebels, which included Elmer Schoebel as a sideman.", "Q19798744": "The OA is an American mystery drama web television series with science fiction, supernatural, and fantasy elements. The OA debuted on Netflix on December 16, 2016. Created and executive produced by Brit Marling and Zal Batmanglij, the series is their third collaboration. The series consists of two seasons of eight episodes each, nearly all directed by Batmanglij, and is produced by Plan B Entertainment and Anonymous Content. In the series, Marling stars as a young woman named Prairie Johnson who resurfaces after having been missing for seven years. Prairie now calls herself \"The OA\" and can see, despite having been blind before her disappearance.\nOn February 8, 2017, Netflix renewed the series for a second season, dubbed \"Part II\", that was released on March 22, 2019. Although the OA was planned by its creators to be a five-part story told in five seasons, on August 5, 2019, Netflix canceled the series after two seasons, leaving the show with a cliffhanger ending. The OA received generally favorable critical reception, averaging 77% on Part I and 92% on Part II on Rotten Tomatoes. The series' directing, visuals and acting were often singled out, as was its social impact.", "Q207098": "Ghaziabad (Hindi pronunciation: [\u0263a\u02d0zi\u02d0a\u02d0ba\u02d0d\u032a]) is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and a part of the National Capital Region of Delhi. It is the administrative headquarters of Ghaziabad district and is the largest city in western Uttar Pradesh, with a population of 1,729,000. Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone The Municipal Corporation comprises of 100 wards. Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for North India. It is sometimes referred to as the \"Gateway of Uttar Pradesh\" because it is close to New Delhi, on the main route into Uttar Pradesh. Recent construction works have led to the city being described by a City Mayors Foundation survey as the second fastest-growing in the world. Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains, the city has two major divisions separated by the Hindon River, namely Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east.", "Q66424": "William, Prince of Hohenzollern (German: Wilhelm August Karl Joseph Peter Ferdinand Benedikt F\u00fcrst von Hohenzollern) (7 March 1864 in Schloss Benrath, near D\u00fcsseldorf \u2013 22 October 1927 in Sigmaringen) was the eldest son of Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern and Infanta Ant\u00f3nia of Portugal.William was an older brother of Ferdinand of Romania. His maternal first cousins included (among others) Carlos I of Portugal, Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto, Frederick Augustus III of Saxony, and Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony.\nBetween 1880 and 1886, William was heir presumptive to the Romanian throne. On 20 December 1886, he renounced his rights to the throne in favor of his brother Ferdinand.", "Q72479": "Rex Gildo (2 July 1936 \u2013 26 October 1999) was a German singer of Schlager ballads who reached the height of his popularity in the 1960s and 1970s, selling over 25 million records and starring in film and television roles.", "Q275340": "Joan Chandler (born Joan Cheeseman; August 24, 1923 \u2013 May 11, 1979) was an American actress who notably starred in Rope (1948) with James Stewart and Humoresque (1946) with Joan Crawford.\nThe daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Cheesman, Chandler was born in Butler, Pennsylvania. She took piano lessons from her musician mother and began studying ballet when she was 5. She attended Butler High School and the School of Arts at Bennington College. She also studied at the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York. Before she became a professional actress, Chandler toured with a ballet company.A founding member of The Actors Studio, Chandler appeared in several feature films, five Broadway plays, and about 12 television programs, such as Studio One and Starlight Theatre. She was married twice, first to David McKay, with whom she had one daughter, and then to Dr. Charles C. Hogan. Both marriages ended in divorce.Chandler died at age 55 of cancer in New York City.\n\n", "Q1335207": "Thomas David \"Tommy\" Roe (born May 9, 1942) is an American rock and pop singer-songwriter.Best-remembered for his hits \"Sheila\" (1962) and \"Dizzy\" (1969), Roe was \"widely perceived as one of the archetypal bubblegum artists of the late 1960s, but cut some pretty decent rockers along the way, especially early in his career,\u201d wrote the AllMusic journalist Bill Dahl.", "Q1507788": "George Luke Smith (December 11, 1837 \u2013 July 9, 1884) was from 1873 to 1875 a U.S. Representative for Louisiana's 4th congressional district, which encompasses the state's third largest city, Shreveport, Louisiana.\nBorn in New Boston in Hillsborough County in southern New Hampshire, Smith completed preparatory studies and attended Union College in Schenectady, New York.\nDuring the American Civil War, he served in the Union Army. At the close of the war, he relocated to Shreveport to engage in mercantile pursuits. He served from 1870 to 1872 as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives during Reconstruction. He was the proprietor of Shreveport Southwestern Telegram and president of the Shreveport Savings Bank & Trust Company.\nSmith was elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress to fill the vacancy created by the death of Representative-elect Samuel Peters and served from November 24, 1873, until March 3, 1875. Considered a Carpetbagger, Smith was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874 to the Forty-fourth Congress and was succeeded by the Democrat William M. Levy.\nThereafter, Smith was appointed collector of customs at the port of New Orleans by U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes, a position that he held from May 4, 1878, to February 20, 1879.\nHe moved to Hot Springs, Hot Springs, Arkansas, to engage in the real estate business until his death there.\nHe is interred at the West Street Cemetery in Milford, New Hampshire.\nSmith was the last Republican to hold the 4th district House seat in Louisiana until 1988, when Jim McCrery won a special election for the position to succeed Buddy Roemer who was elected governor of Louisiana the preceding year.", "Q65105": "Franka Potente (born 22 July 1974) is a German actress and singer. She first appeared in the comedy film After Five in the Forest Primeval (1995), for which she won a Bavarian Film Award for Best Young Actress. Her breakthrough came in 1998, when she portrayed the titular role in the acclaimed action thriller Run Lola Run, for which she won a BAMBI Award for Best Actress. She received further critical acclaim and a Bavarian Television Award nomination for her performance in the television film Opernball (also 1998). \nAfter half a decade of well-received roles in German productions, Potente made the transition into Hollywood with her role in the biographical crime film Blow (2001), and achieved wider recognition for her appearances in The Bourne Identity (2002) and The Bourne Supremacy (2004). She portrayed communist revolutionary Tamara Bunke in Che (2008), and psychologist Anita Gregory in The Conjuring 2 (2016). Her other notable films include Anatomy (2000), The Princess and the Warrior (2000), Creep (2004), Romulus, My Father (2007), Eichmann (2007), and Muse (2017). \nPotente has starred in the television series Copper (2012\u20132013), Taboo (2017) and currently, Claws. She also played recurring roles in the second seasons of American Horror Story (2012) and The Bridge (2014).", "Q3083774": "Marcel Boussac (17 April 1889 \u2013 21 March 1980) was a French entrepreneur best known for his ownership of the Maison Dior and one of the most successful thoroughbred race horse breeding farms in European history.\nBorn in Ch\u00e2teauroux, Indre, France, Boussac made a fortune in textile manufacturing. In 1919 he acquired the Ch\u00e2teau de Mivoisin, a 36 square kilometre property located 1\u00bd hours south of Paris in Dammarie-sur-Loing, Loiret.\nIn 1946, he financed Christian Dior's new Paris fashion house that became one of the most famous clothing and perfume marques in history. In 1951 Boussac expanded into the newspaper business with the acquisition of L'Aurore.\nAn avid horseman, Marcel Boussac acquired the Haras de Fresnay-le-Buffard horse breeding farm in Neuvy-au-Houlme in Lower Normandy and the Haras de Jardy in Marnes-la-Coquette. As part of his breeding operation, Boussac bought and sold horses from across Europe plus from the United States. He acquired the U.S. Triple Crown winner Whirlaway and sold the mare La Troienne to Edward R. Bradley's Idle Hour Stock Farm in Lexington, Kentucky who became one of the most influential mares to be imported into the U.S. in the 20th century.\nBoussac's horses dominated French racing from the 1930s through to the 1960s making his stable the leading money winner fourteen times and the leading breeder on seventeen occasions. In addition to being a six-time winner of France's most important race, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, Boussac's horses also won the prestigious Epsom Derby, Epsom Oaks, 2,000 Guineas, St. Leger Stakes, Ascot Gold Cup and others in the United Kingdom.\nWith the Fall of France in the Second World War, Boussac paid a British Royal Air Force officer on secret business to fly him from Paris to the UK. This caused the officer Sidney Cotton to be removed from his position. During the German occupation of France in World War II, the Nazis seized some of the best racehorses in the country. They shipped more than six hundred of them out of the country, some to Hungary but most back to Germany for racing or for breeding at the German National Stud. Among them was the champion Pharis, owned by Marcel Boussac.\nHe was married for many years to the Belgian opera star Fanny Heldy. They are buried together in the Cimeti\u00e8re de Montmartre in the Montmartre Quarter of Paris.\nOn his passing in 1980, Boussac's estate was liquidated and L'Aurore sold to Robert Hersant who merged it with his Le Figaro newspaper. The property itself would eventually be acquired by Stavros Niarchos. The Aga Khan IV had purchased the bulk of the Boussac farm's breeding stock in 1978 when Boussac's companies were declared bankrupt.In his honor, the Prix Marcel Boussac, a Group One Stakes Race, is run annually at the Longchamp Racecourse.", "Q338532": "Horace Lawson Hunley (December 29, 1823 \u2013 October 15, 1863) was a Confederate marine engineer during the American Civil War. He developed early hand-powered submarines, the most famous of which was posthumously named for him, CSS H. L. Hunley.", "Q590183": "Nikolay Nikolaievich Drozdov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432; born 20 June 1937) is a Russian doctor of biological sciences, candidate of geographical sciences, zoological sciences, professor of Moscow State University, a public figure, member of the expert council of the national award \"Crystal Compass,\" a member of the media council of the Russian Geographical Society.\nDrozdov has worked on the Russian show In the World of Animals for over 30 years beginning in 1968. He served as a commentator, and then in 1977 became a writer on the show and an anchor. He is a recipient of The Golden Orpheus TV award. In the World of Animals won the TEFI award as the best popular scientific program in 1995. Drozdov was elected to the Russian TV Academy in 1996. Drozdov is a recipient of the Kalinga Prize as well as the UNESCO Albert Einstein medal (gold). He has written 20 books and numerous articles, and is an ecology adviser to the UN Secretary General.", "Q157159": "Abbas II Helmy Bey (also known as \u2018Abb\u0101s \u1e24ilm\u012b Pasha, Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u200e) (14 July 1874 \u2013 19 December 1944) was the last Khedive (Ottoman viceroy) of Egypt and Sudan, ruling from 8 January 1892 to 19 December 1914. In 1914, after the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in World War I, the nationalist Khedive was removed by the British, then ruling Egypt, in favor of his more pro-British uncle, Hussein Kamel, marking the de jure end of Egypt's four-century era as a province of the Ottoman Empire, which had begun in 1517.", "Q3806666": "James Martin (19 October 1933 \u2013 24 June 2013) was a British Information Technology consultant and author, known for his work on information technology engineering.\n\n", "Q378116": "Jules R\u00e9gis Debray (French: [d\u0259b\u0281\u025b]; born 2 September 1940) is a French philosopher, journalist, former government official and academic. He is known for his theorization of mediology, a critical theory of the long-term transmission of cultural meaning in human society, and for associating with Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara in Bolivia during 1967 and advancing Salvador Allende's presidency in Chile in the early 1970s. He returned to France during 1973 and later held various official posts inside of the French government.", "Q25521": "Testament of Orpheus (French: Le testament d'Orph\u00e9e) is a 1960 black-and-white film with a few seconds of color film spliced in. Directed by and starring Jean Cocteau, who plays himself as an 18th-century poet, the film includes cameo appearances by Pablo Picasso, Jean Marais, Charles Aznavour, Jean-Pierre Leaud and Yul Brynner. It is considered the final part of the Orphic Trilogy, following The Blood of a Poet (1930) and Orph\u00e9e (1950). \nOne critic described it as a \"wry, self-conscious re-examination of a lifetime's obsessions\" with Cocteau placing himself at the center of the mythological and fictional world he spun throughout his books, films, plays and paintings. The film includes numerous instances of \"double takes\", including one scene where Cocteau, walking past himself, looks back to see himself in what was described by one scholar as \"a retrospective on the Cocteau \u0153uvre\".The New York Times calls it \"self-serving\", noting that the pretension of the film was certainly intended by Cocteau as his last statement made on film: \"as much a long-winded self-analysis as an extraordinary succession of visually arresting images\".", "Q666875": "Aurel Boleslav Stodola (11 May 1859 \u2013 25 December 1942) was a Slovak engineer, physicist, and inventor. He was a pioneer in the area of technical thermodynamics and its applications and published his book Die Dampfturbine (the steam turbine) in 1903. In addition to the thermodynamic issues involved in turbine design the book discussed aspects of fluid flow, vibration, stress analysis of plates, shells and rotating discs and stress concentrations at holes and fillets. Stodola was a professor of mechanical engineering at the Swiss Polytechnical Institute (now ETH) in Zurich. He maintained friendly contact with Albert Einstein. In 1892, Stodola founded the Laboratory for Energy Conversion.\n\n", "Q918742": "Francis Lacassin (French: [lakas\u025b\u0303]; 18 November 1931 \u2013 12 August 2008) was a French journalist, editor, writer, screenplay writer and essayist.", "Q331270": "Three Ruthless Ones, Gunfight at High Noon or Sons of Vengeance (Spanish: El sabor de la venganza) is a 1964 Spanish/Italian western film directed by Joaquin L. Romero Marchent, produced by Alberto Grimaldi, scored by Riz Ortolani, and starring Richard Harrison, Raf Baldassare and Gloria Milland.It was shot in Almer\u00eda.", "Q97393": "Cl\u00e4re Lotto (23 September 1893 \u2013 23 August 1952) was a German film actress of the silent era. She appeared in 41 films between 1916 and 1933. She married German film actor Carl de Vogt, with whom she had a son with, Karl Franz de Vogt (born 14 May 1917).", "Q1009220": "Sir William Mark Tully, KBE (born 24 October 1935) is the former Bureau Chief of BBC, New Delhi, a position he held for 20 years. He worked with the BBC for a total of 30 years before resigning in July 1994. The recipient of several awards, Tully has authored nine books. He is a member of the Oriental Club.", "Q458937": "Greg Anderson (born 1970) is an American musician, a co-founder of Southern Lord Records. He is the guitarist of stoner doom band Goatsnake, but is also well known for his collaborations with Stephen O'Malley.\nTogether, the duo participated in projects such as the short-lived death/doom metal band Thorr's Hammer, the extreme doom metal band Burning Witch (although Anderson left before the band could record an album), as well as the drone metal bands Sunn O))) and Teeth of Lions Rule the Divine.\nEarlier in his career, Anderson was involved with the straight edge hardcore punk bands False Liberty, Brotherhood, Amenity, Statement, Galleon's Lap, and the Revelation Records and indie rock/hardcore punk band Engine Kid.\nBoth Brotherhood and Galleon's Lap featured future Foo Fighters and Sunny Day Real Estate bass player Nate Mendel.\nIn 2007, Greg joined Attila Csihar and Oren Ambarchi in a new drone-doom project called Burial Chamber Trio, as well as Ascend, a current project/record with Gentry Densley, the former singer-guitarist of Revelation Records band Iceburn.\nIn April 1998, Anderson and O'Malley founded the independent, underground label Southern Lord Records, based in Los Angeles, California. The company specializes in doom, sludge, drone, experimental metal, left-field black metal, and, more recently, crust punk.", "Q59824": "Kim Hunter (born Janet Cole; November 12, 1922 \u2013 September 11, 2002) was an American film, theatre, and television actress. She won both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award, each as Best Supporting Actress, for her performance as Stella Kowalski in the 1951 film A Streetcar Named Desire. Decades later, she was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for her work on the long-running soap opera The Edge of Night. She also portrayed the character of chimpanzee Zira in the first three installments of the original film adaptation Planet of the Apes.", "Q246952": "Transavia Airlines C.V., trading as Transavia and formerly branded as transavia.com, is a Dutch low-cost airline and a wholly owned subsidiary of KLM and therefore part of the Air France\u2013KLM group. Its main base is Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and it has other bases at Rotterdam The Hague Airport and Eindhoven Airport. Transavia maintains Transavia France as its French subsidiary.", "Q68421": "Georg Anton Lorenz Diefenbach (19 July 1806, Ostheim, Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt \u2013 28 March 1883, Darmstadt) was a German philologist and lexicographer, as well as a novelist associated with the German Nationalist movement. By career he was a pastor, like his father, and a librarian.", "Q672800": "August Wenzinger (1905\u20131996) was a prominent cellist, viol player, conductor, teacher, and music scholar from Basel, Switzerland. He was a pioneer of historically informed performance, both as a master of the viola da gamba and as a conductor of Baroque orchestral music and operas.Wenzinger received his basic musical training at the Basel Conservatory, then went on to study cello with Paul Gr\u00fcmmer and music theory with Philipp Jarnach at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik in Cologne. He then took private cello lessons with Emanuel Feuermann in Berlin. Wenzinger served as first cellist in the Bremen City Orchestra (1929\u20131934) and the Basel Allgemeine Musikgesellschaft (1936\u20131970).\nBy 1925 Wenzinger had mastered the viola da gamba, an instrument then usually considered obsolete. He joined the Kabeler Kammermusik (Kabel Chamber Music), a circle of musicians interested in authentic Baroque performance, sponsored by paper manufacturer Hans Eberhard Hoesch in Hagen, Germany. In 1930 he and flautist Gustav Scheck also founded the Kammermusikkreis Scheck-Wenzinger (Scheck-Wenzinger Chamber Music Circle), considered the leading early music ensemble until the 1950s.\nIn 1933 Wenzinger assumed the leadership of the Kabeler Kammermusik, but the group was soon phased out under political pressure. Wenzinger moved to Basel the same year to accept an appointment to teach cello and viola da gamba at the newly founded Schola Cantorum Basiliensis.\nWenzinger was one of the first musicians to make recordings with the viola da gamba. In 1968, together with the noted Swiss viola da gamba player Hannelore Mueller, he founded the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis viola da gamba trio. He taught many acclaimed violists, including Jordi Savall, who succeeded him in 1974 as professor of viola da gamba, and Hannelore Mueller who succeeded him as professor of viola da gamba and baroque cello, at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis. Wenzinger also taught at Harvard and Brandeis universities in the United States. In 1960 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Basel.\nWenzinger was also an acclaimed conductor, and in 1949 he led a recording of the Brandenburg Concertos performed on original instruments for the Archiv record label. From 1954 to 1958 he led the Capella Coloniensis, the baroque orchestra of West German Radio in Cologne. In 1955 Wenzinger directed this orchestra in one of the first recordings of the opera L'Orfeo by Claudio Monteverdi. He led performances of Baroque operas at Herrenhausen in Hanover, Germany, from 1958 to 1966.\nWenzinger\u2019s publications include Gamben\u00fcbung, a method book in two volumes for the viola da gamba (1935, 1938), and Gambenfibel, a primer for the viola da gamba (1943). He edited Bach\u2019s unaccompanied cello suites in 1950 for B\u00e4renreiter, an edition which remains a best seller for the publisher and among the most widely used by performers, and several Baroque operas.", "Q748222": "John George Eug\u00e8ne Jolas (October 26, 1894 \u2013 May 26, 1952) was a writer, translator and literary critic.", "Q363250": "Donald Roy Pettit (born April 20, 1955) is an American chemical engineer and a NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of two long-duration stays aboard the International Space Station, one space shuttle mission and a six-week expedition to find meteorites in Antarctica. As of 2018, at age 64, he is NASA's oldest active astronaut.", "Q389851": "P\u00e9ter E\u00f6tv\u00f6s (Hungarian: E\u00f6tv\u00f6s P\u00e9ter, Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u00f8tv\u00f8\u0283 \u02c8pe\u02d0t\u025br]; born 2 January 1944) is a Hungarian composer, conductor and teacher.\nE\u00f6tv\u00f6s was born in Sz\u00e9kelyudvarhely, Transylvania, then part of Hungary, now Romania. He studied composition in Budapest and Cologne. From 1962, he composed for film in Hungary. E\u00f6tv\u00f6s played regularly with the Stockhausen Ensemble between 1968 and 1976. He was a founding member of the Oeldorf Group in 1973, continuing his association until the late 1970s. From 1979 to 1991, he was musical director and conductor of the Ensemble InterContemporain (EIC). From 1985 to 1988, he was principal guest conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra.", "Q78632": "Richard Tauber (16 May 1891 \u2013 8 January 1948) was an Austrian tenor and film actor.\n\n", "Q490829": "Jeffrey Allen \"Skunk\" Baxter (born December 13, 1948) is an American guitarist, known for his stints in the rock bands Steely Dan and The Doobie Brothers during the 1970s and Spirit in the 1980s. More recently, he has worked as a defense consultant and chaired a Congressional Advisory Board on missile defense.", "Q180167": "Lilius Bratton Rainey (July 27, 1876 \u2013 September 27, 1959) was a U.S. Representative from Alabama.\n\n", "Q237173": "Mary Parker Follett (3 September 1868 \u2013 18 December 1933) was an American social worker, management consultant, philosopher and pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior. Along with Lillian Gilbreth, she was one of two great women management experts in the early days of classical management theory. She has been called the \"Mother of Modern Management\". Instead of emphasizing industrial and mechanical components, she advocated for what she saw as the far more important human element, regarding people as the most valuable commodity present within any business. She was one of the first theorists to actively write about and explore the role people had on effective management, and discuss the importance of learning to deal with and promote positive human relations as a fundamental aspect of the industrial sector.", "Q3682631": "Colin Campbell (1 November 1686 \u2013 9 May 1757) was a Scottish merchant and entrepreneur who co-founded the Swedish East India Company and was Swedish King Fredrik I's first envoy to the Emperor of China.", "Q102616": "Rajko M\u00fcller, better known by his stage name Isol\u00e9e, is a German electronic music producer. He is noted for his work in the microhouse genre, reminiscent of indie electronic pop music of the early eighties and ambient techno from a decade on. Isol\u00e9e is credited with creating the very first microhouse record to reach the club charts. Isol\u00e9e's 2000 album Rest, containing the hit \"Beau Mot Plage\", was arguably the first microhouse full-length.", "Q943020": "Vojt\u011bch N\u00e1prstek (often called Vojta) (17 April 1826, in Prague \u2013 2 September 1894), was a Czech philanthropist, patriot and politician, as well as a pioneering Czech language journalist in the United States.\n\n", "Q645074": "Freeman Wills Crofts FRSA (1 June 1879 \u2013 11 April 1957) was an Irish mystery author, best remembered for the character of Inspector Joseph French.\nA railway engineer by training, Crofts introduced railway themes into many of his stories, which were notable for their intricate planning. Although outshone by Agatha Christie, Raymond Chandler and other more celebrated authors from the golden age of detective fiction, he was highly esteemed by those authors, and many of his books are still in print.", "Q144643": "Shaun Toub (Persian: \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u200e, born April 6, 1963) is an Iranian\u2013American actor. He is best known for his roles as Yinsen in Iron Man (2008) and Iron Man 3 (2013), Farhad in Crash (2004), Rahim Khan in The Kite Runner (2007), and Majid Javadi in the Showtime TV series Homeland.", "Q164593": "Karel Kryl (April 12, 1944 Krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017e \u2013 March 3, 1994 Munich) was an iconic Czechoslovak (Moravian born and Czech speaking) poet, singer-songwriter and author of many hit protest songs in which he identified and attacked the hypocrisy, stupidity and inhumanity of the Communist (and later also the post-communist) regime in his home country.\nThe lyrics of Kryl's songs are highly poetic and sophisticated, with perfect rhyming and a frequent use of metaphors and historical allusions. The sparse sounds of his guitar served to underscore the natural flow of the lyrics themselves. In certain respects\u2014especially the complexity of his lyrics, his accompaniment by a single acoustic guitar, and also his great popularity\u2014Kryl was similar to a young Bob Dylan. However, unlike Dylan, the Czech singer had a smooth and pure, though forceful voice, which gave a hauntingly moving quality to his mournful lyrics.\nHaving lived for twenty years in forced exile, he was initially keen on the collapse of communism in his country, but very quickly he became bitterly and uncompromisingly critical of the new regime and its protagonists as well, including V\u00e1clav Havel, and especially of those who were responsible for the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992.", "Q389689": "Rilo Kiley ( RY-loh KY-lee) was an American indie rock band based in Los Angeles, California. Formed in 1998, the band consisted of Jenny Lewis, Blake Sennett, Pierre de Reeder, and Dave Rock.\nThe group released their debut album Take-Offs and Landings under Seattle-based independent label Barsuk Records in 2001. After that, they released three additional studio albums and several EPs. In 2007 they were signed with Warner Bros., and subsequently made their major-label debut with the album Under the Blacklight.", "Q323112": "Jacques Weber (born 23 August 1949) is a French actor, director and writer.\n\n", "Q1650668": "Sabeer Bhatia (born 30 December 1968) is an Indian-American businessman who co-founded the webmail company Hotmail.com.", "Q241783": "Sanaa McCoy Lathan (born September 19, 1971) is an American actress. As a voice actress, from 2009 to 2013, she voiced Donna Tubbs in The Cleveland Show and in all concurrent and subsequent Family Guy appearances. She has starred in many films, including The Best Man (1999) and its 2013 sequel, The Best Man Holiday. Her other film credits include Love & Basketball (2000), Brown Sugar (2002), Alien vs. Predator (2004), Something New (2006), The Family That Preys (2008), Contagion (2011), and Now You See Me 2 (2016). \nOn stage, Lathan was nominated for a Tony Award for her performance on Broadway in A Raisin in the Sun and starred in 2010 in the all-black performance of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof at the Novello Theatre in London.", "Q71616": "Gottlob Ferdinand Maximilian Gottfried von Schenkendorf (11 December 1783 in Tilsit in East Prussia \u2013 11 December 1817 in Koblenz) was a German poet, born in Tilsit and educated at K\u00f6nigsberg. During the War of Liberation, in which he took an active part, Schenkendorf was associated with Arndt and K\u00f6rner in the writing of patriotic songs. His poems were published as Gedichte (1815), Poetischer Nachlass (1832), and S\u00e4mtliche Gedichte (1837; fifth edition, 1878). For his Life, consult Hagen (Berlin, 1863); Knaake (Tilsit, 1890); E. von Klein, M. von Schenkendorf (Vienna, 1908).", "Q76179": "Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri (Indonesian: [me\u0261awati sukarn\u0254putri] (listen); born 23 January 1947) is an Indonesian politician who served as the fifth president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004. She previously served as the eighth vice president from 1999 to 2001. \nMegawati is Indonesia's first female president and the sixth woman to lead a Muslim-majority country. She is also the first Indonesian president and as of 2020, the only vice president to be born after Indonesia proclaimed its independence. After serving as vice president to Abdurrahman Wahid, Megawati became president when Wahid was removed from office in 2001. She ran for re-election in the 2004 presidential election, but was defeated by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. She ran again in the 2009 presidential election, but Yudhoyono defeated her for a second time.\nShe is the current leader of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), one of Indonesia's largest political parties. She is the eldest daughter of Indonesia's first president, Sukarno.", "Q271640": "Helena Noguerra (Brussels, 18 May 1969) is a Belgian actress, singer and television presenter of Portuguese descent. She is the sister of singer Lio.\nHer songs have been used in commercials and television programmes such as Lunettes noires pour nuits blanches by Thierry Ardisson (1988\u20131990). She sang on the 2009 video game Bayonetta, including both the game's main theme Mysterious Destiny and a cover of Fly Me to the Moon.\nIn 2010 she toured with French band Nouvelle Vague.", "Q2137852": "Vampire films have been a staple since the era of silent films, so much so that the depiction of vampires in popular culture is strongly based upon their depiction in films throughout the years. The most popular cinematic adaptation of vampire fiction has been from Bram Stoker's Dracula, with over 170 versions to date. Running a distant second are adaptations of \"Carmilla\" by Sheridan Le Fanu. By 2005, Dracula had been the subject of more films than any other fictional character, save for Sherlock Holmes.\nAs folklore, vampires are defined by their need to feed on blood and on their manipulative nature; this theme has been held in common throughout the many adaptations. Although vampires are usually associated with the horror (and sometimes zombie genre), vampire films may also fall into the drama, action, science fiction, romance, comedy or fantasy genres, amongst others.", "Q613554": "Michael Walsh (May 4, 1810 \u2013 March 17, 1859) was a United States Representative from New York.", "Q962950": "Oun Kham (Lao: \u0ead\u0eb8\u0ec9\u0e99\u0e84\u0eb3, June 5, 1811 \u2013 December 15, 1895) was King of Luang Prabang during 1868-1887 and a second time between 1889 and 1895. On 7 June 1887 the Lao royal capital was seized and sacked; the elderly ruler barely escaped with his life. Between his two ruling period he was exiled in Bangkok where he gave assistance to Auguste Pavie. The last two years of his reign ended with the establishment of a French protectorate over Laos.", "Q268311": "Brande Nicole Roderick (born June 13, 1974) is an American model and actress known for her appearances in Baywatch and Playboy. In April 2000, she was selected as Playmate of the Month and then became the Playmate of the Year in 2001.", "Q314966": "Ousmane Semb\u00e8ne ([us.man s\u0251\u0303.b\u025bn]; 1 January 1923 or 8 January 1923 \u2013 9 June 2007), often credited in the French style as Semb\u00e8ne Ousmane in articles and reference works, was a Senegalese film director, producer and writer. The Los Angeles Times considered him one of the greatest authors of Africa and he has often been called the \"father of African film\". Descended from a Serer family through his mother from the line of Matar S\u00e8ne, Ousmane Semb\u00e8ne was particularly drawn to Serer religious festivals especially the Tuur festival.", "Q58284": "Guido Westerwelle (German: [\u02c8\u0261i\u02d0do \u02c8v\u025bst\u0250\u02ccv\u025bl\u0259]; 27 December 1961 \u2013 18 March 2016) was a German politician who served as Foreign Minister in the second cabinet of Chancellor Angela Merkel and as Vice Chancellor of Germany from 2009 to 2011, being the first openly gay person to hold any of these positions. He was also the chairman of the Free Democratic Party of Germany (FDP) from May 2001 until he stepped down in 2011. A lawyer by profession, he was a member of the Bundestag from 1996 to 2013.", "Q1140152": "The Irish Republic (Irish: Poblacht na h\u00c9ireann or Saorst\u00e1t \u00c9ireann) was a revolutionary state that declared its independence from the United Kingdom in January 1919. The Republic claimed jurisdiction over the whole island of Ireland, but by 1920 its functional control was limited to only 21 of Ireland's 32 counties, and British state forces maintained a presence across much of the north-east, as well as Cork, Dublin and other major towns. The republic was most strong in rural areas and was able to influence the population in urban areas that it did not directly control through its military forces.\nIts origins date back to the Easter Rising of 1916, when Irish republicans seized key locations in Dublin and proclaimed an Irish Republic. The insurrection was crushed, but the survivors united under a reformed Sinn F\u00e9in party to campaign for a republic. The party won a clear majority of largely uncontested seats in the 1918 general election, and formed the first D\u00e1il (legislature) of Ireland in Dublin on 21 January 1919. Republicans then established a government, a court system and a police force. At the same time, the Irish Volunteers, who came under the control of the D\u00e1il and became known as the Irish Republican Army, fought against British state forces in the Irish War of Independence.\nThe War of Independence ended with the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed on 6 December 1921 and narrowly approved by D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann on 7 January 1922. A Provisional Government was set up under the terms of the treaty, but the Irish Republic nominally remained in existence until 6 December 1922, when 26 of the island's 32 counties became a self-governing British dominion called the Irish Free State. The island had been partitioned by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, and the six counties of Northern Ireland, which had been partitioned so as to create and ensure a unionist majority, exercised their right under the treaty to opt out of the Free State, and remain in the United Kingdom.", "Q95": "Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, a search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware. It is considered one of the Big Four technology companies, alongside Amazon, Apple, and Microsoft.Google was founded in September 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University in California. Together they own about 14 percent of its shares and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a California privately held company on September 4, 1998, in California. Google was then reincorporated in Delaware on October 22, 2002. An initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its headquarters in Mountain View, California, nicknamed the Googleplex. In August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google is Alphabet's leading subsidiary and will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests. Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page who became the CEO of Alphabet.\nThe company's rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions, and partnerships beyond Google's core search engine (Google Search). It offers services designed for work and productivity (Google Docs, Google Sheets, and Google Slides), email (Gmail), scheduling and time management (Google Calendar), cloud storage (Google Drive), instant messaging and video chat (Duo, Hangouts), language translation (Google Translate), mapping and navigation (Google Maps, Waze, Google Earth, Street View), video sharing (YouTube), note-taking (Google Keep), and photo organizing and editing (Google Photos). The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system, the Google Chrome web browser, and Chrome OS, a lightweight operating system based on the Chrome browser. Google has moved increasingly into hardware; from 2010 to 2015, it partnered with major electronics manufacturers in the production of its Nexus devices, and it released multiple hardware products in October 2016, including the Google Pixel smartphone, Google Home smart speaker, Google Wifi mesh wireless router, and Google Daydream virtual reality headset. Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier (Google Fiber, Google Fi, and Google Station).Google.com is the most visited website in the world. Several other Google services also figure in the top 100 most visited websites, including YouTube and Blogger. Google was the most valuable brand in the world as of 2017, but has received significant criticism involving issues such as privacy concerns, tax avoidance, antitrust, censorship, and search neutrality.", "Q48097": "Nikolai Vasilyevich Ogarkov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041e\u0433\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432; 30 October 1917 in the village of Molokovo, Tver Governorate \u2013 23 January 1994, Moscow) was a prominent Soviet military personality. He was promoted to Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1977. Between 1977 and 1984, he was Chief of the General Staff of the USSR. He became widely known in the West when he became the Soviet military's spokesman following the shootdown of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 near Moneron Island in September 1983. He was dismissed as Chief of the General Staff on 6 September 1984.", "Q68347": "Disentis (German) or Must\u00e9r ([mu\u02c8\u0283te\u02d0] , Romansh), with its official name Disentis/Must\u00e9r is a village and a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.\nThe skiing and summer tourism resort high up in the Rhine valley is the site of one of the oldest Benedictine monasteries in Switzerland. The monastery dates back to 720, its huge actual complex dates from 1696 to 1712.", "Q1972952": "Ryan S. Lewis (born March 25, 1988) is an American record producer, DJ, videographer, photographer, graphic designer, music video director, rapper and songwriter. Along with producing his own album titled Instrumentals, Lewis produced the albums The VS. EP (2009), The Heist (2012), and This Unruly Mess I've Made (2016) as part of the duo Macklemore & Ryan Lewis. In 2006, Lewis befriended rapper Macklemore on Myspace and soon after became the behind-the-scenes partner of a successful duo, producing, recording, engineering and mixing all of the duo's music, as well as directing the music videos for \"Same Love\", \"Thrift Shop\", \"And We Danced\", \"Otherside (Remix)\", \"Can't Hold Us\", \"Irish Celebration\", \"My Oh My\", \"Victory Lap\", \"Downtown\", \"Brad Pitt's Cousin\" and \"White Walls\" and designing promotional graphics.", "Q2851371": "Anne de Rochechouart de Mortemart (10 February 1847 \u2013 3 February 1933), Duchess of Uz\u00e8s, was a wealthy French aristocrat. She inherited a large fortune from the founder of the Veuve Clicquot Champagne house. She was known for her involvement in feminist causes and charities, politics, sport hunting, automobiles and the arts, and was an accomplished author and sculptor.", "Q376885": "The Very Merry Widows (French: Mari\u00e9es mais pas trop) is a 2003 Franco-Belgian film directed and co-written by Catherine Corsini.", "Q107008": "William James \"Count\" Basie (; August 21, 1904 \u2013 April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. In 1935, Basie formed his own jazz orchestra, the Count Basie Orchestra, and in 1936 took them to Chicago for a long engagement and their first recording. He led the group for almost 50 years, creating innovations like the use of two \"split\" tenor saxophones, emphasizing the rhythm section, riffing with a big band, using arrangers to broaden their sound, and others. Many musicians came to prominence under his direction, including the tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans, the guitarist Freddie Green, trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry \"Sweets\" Edison and singers Jimmy Rushing, Helen Humes, Thelma Carpenter, and Joe Williams.", "Q235002": "Penelope Ann Miller (born Penelope Andrea Miller; January 13, 1964), sometimes credited as Penelope Miller, is an American actress. She began her career on Broadway in the 1985 original production of Biloxi Blues and received a Tony Award nomination for the 1989 revival of Our Town. She has starred in several major Hollywood films, particularly in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including Adventures in Babysitting (1987), Biloxi Blues (1988), Big Top Pee-wee (1988), The Freshman (1990), Awakenings (1990), Kindergarten Cop (1990), Other People's Money (1991), Year of the Comet (1992), and Carlito's Way (1993), for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination. She returned to Broadway in the 1995 original stage production of On the Waterfront. Her other films include a starring role in The Relic (1997) and supporting roles in Chaplin (1992), Along Came a Spider (2001), and The Artist (2011).", "Q106316": "Dead Poets Society is a 1989 American drama film directed by Peter Weir, written by Tom Schulman, and starring Robin Williams. Set in 1959 at the fictional elite conservative Vermont boarding school Welton Academy, it tells the story of an English teacher who inspires his students through his teaching of poetry.\nThe film won the BAFTA Award for Best Film, the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Foreign Film and the David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Film. Schulman received an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for his work.", "Q116105": "Mia Aegerter is a Swiss musician, model, and stage and film actor.\n\n", "Q13939": "Terrassa (Catalan pronunciation: [t\u0259\u02c8ras\u0259], Spanish: Tarrasa) is a city in the east central region of Catalonia, in the province of Barcelona, comarca of Vall\u00e8s Occidental, of which it is the cocapital along with Sabadell. The name \"Terrassa\" may well be a contraction/corruption of late Latin: 'terra ix ipsa' -> proto-aragonese 'terra-i\u0161-sa' (Eng: 'that avian/'cool' place') potentially conflated with 'terra-\u00e8s-s\u00e0' \"safe-place/clean-place\".\nIt is the site of Roman Egara, a former Visigothic bishopric, which became a Latin Catholic titular see.\nThe city is located in the Catalan Prelitoral depression (Depressi\u00f3 Prelitoral), at the feet of the Prelitoral mountain range (Natural reserve of Sant Lloren\u00e7 del Munt) and the average altitude of the city is 277 meters above sea level. It is 20 and 18 kilometres from Barcelona and Montserrat respectively.\nTerrassa is the third largest city in Catalonia, after Barcelona and L\u2019Hospitalet.", "Q149415": "J\u00f3zsef Katona (11 November 1791, Kecskem\u00e9t \u2013 16 April 1830, Kecskem\u00e9t) was a Hungarian playwright and poet, creator of the Hungarian historical tragedy B\u00e1nk b\u00e1n.", "Q449190": "Marc E. Chavannes (20 September 1946, The Hague) is a Dutch professor for journalism at Groningen University and active journalist, Correspondent (in London, Paris and Washington D.C.) and commentator e.g. for NRC Handelsblad.", "Q921869": "Prof William Wallace LLD (23 September 1768 \u2013 28 April 1843) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer who invented the eidograph (an improved pantograph).", "Q735593": "Conor Cruise O'Brien (3 November 1917 \u2013 18 December 2008) often nicknamed \"The Cruiser\", was an Irish politician, writer, historian and academic who served as Minister for Posts and Telegraphs from 1973 to 1977, a Senator for University of Dublin from 1977 to 1979, a Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) for the Dublin North-East constituency from 1969 to 1977 and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from January 1973 to March 1973.\nHis opinion on the role of Britain in Ireland and in Northern Ireland changed during the 1970s, in response to the outbreak of The Troubles. He saw opposing nationalist and unionist traditions as irreconcilable and switched from a nationalist to a unionist view of Irish politics and history. Cruise O'Brien's outlook was always radical and the positions he took were seldom orthodox. He summarised his position as intending \"to administer an electric shock to the Irish psyche\".\nInternationally, he opposed in person the African National Congress's academic boycott of the apartheid regime in South Africa. These views contrasted with those he espoused during the 1950s and 1960s.\nDuring his career as a civil servant Cruise O'Brien worked on the government's anti-partition campaign. At the 1969 general election, he was elected to D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann as a Labour Party TD for Dublin North-East, and became a Minister between 1973 and 1977. He was also the Labour Party's Spokesman on Northern Ireland during those years. He was later known primarily as an author and as a columnist for the Irish Independent.", "Q1019741": "The Unity of the Brethren (Czech: Jednota bratrsk\u00e1; Latin: Unitas Fratrum), also known as the Czech or Bohemian Brethren, is a Protestant movement founded in 1457, whose roots are in the pre-Reformation work of Petr Chel\u010dick\u00fd and Jan Hus (see Bohemian Reformation). For the denomination founded by the movement, see Moravian Church.", "Q161399": "Clement Shahbaz Bhatti (9 September 1968 \u2013 2 March 2011), popularly known as Shahbaz Bhatti, was a Pakistani politician who was elected as a member of the National Assembly from 2008. He was the first Federal Minister for Minorities Affairs from November 2008 until his assassination on 2 March 2011 in Islamabad and the only Christian in the Cabinet. Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan claimed responsibility for his killing and called him a blasphemer of Muhammad. In March 2016, five years after the death of Shahbaz Bhatti, his cause for beatification was formally opened by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Islamabad-Rawalpindi, making him a Servant of God within the Roman Catholic Church.", "Q273043": "Adrienne Monnier (26 April 1892 \u2013 19 June 1955) was a French bookseller, writer, and publisher, and an influential figure in the modernist writing scene in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s.", "Q265621": "Mar\u00eda de la Asunci\u00f3n Mercader Fordada (Spanish: [ma\u02c8\u027ei.a me\u027eka\u02c8\u00f0e\u027e]; 6 March 1918 \u2013 26 January 2011) was a Spanish film actress who appeared in 40 films between 1923 and 1992. She was the second wife of film director Vittorio De Sica. Her half-brother Ram\u00f3n Mercader murdered Leon Trotsky in 1940 in Mexico.", "Q429664": "Mary Stuart (born Mary Houchins; July 4, 1926 \u2013 February 28, 2002) was an American actress, guitarist, singer, and songwriter.\nA former silver screen starlet, she was perhaps best known for her starring role as Joanne on the CBS/NBC soap opera Search for Tomorrow, which she played for 35 years without interruption (1951\u201386). After her divorce from her first husband, with whom she raised two children, she began a side career as a guitarist and a singer-songwriter, first singing on Search for Tomorrow and then releasing her own album in 1973. At the time of her death, she had played the role of Meta Bauer on the CBS soap opera Guiding Light for six years. For her work in daytime drama, she was given the Lifetime Achievement Daytime Emmy Award.", "Q116111": "Gottlieb Duttweiler (15 August 1888 \u2013 8 June 1962) was a Swiss businessman and politician, founder of both the Migros chain of grocery stores and the Alliance of Independents (Landesring der Unabh\u00e4ngigen) party.\n\n", "Q130868": "Some Kind of Wonderful is a 1987 American romantic drama film directed by Howard Deutch and starring Eric Stoltz, Mary Stuart Masterson, and Lea Thompson. It is one of several successful teen dramas written by John Hughes in the 1980s.", "Q170294": "Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, (Richard Alexander Walter George; born 26 August 1944) is the youngest grandchild of King George V and Queen Mary. He practised as an architect until the death of his elder brother placed him in direct line to inherit his father's dukedom of Gloucester, which he inherited, as the second duke, in 1974. He is a paternal cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, and currently 27th in the line of succession to the British throne as well as the first in line not descended from King George VI.", "Q202862": "Juan Luis Segundo (March 31, 1925, in Montevideo, Uruguay \u2013 January 17, 1996, in Montevideo) was a Jesuit priest and Uruguayan theologian who was an important figure in the movement known as liberation theology. He wrote numerous books on theology, ideology, faith, hermeneutics, and social justice, and was an outspoken critic of what he perceived as Church callousness toward oppression and suffering. He was a physician by training.", "Q71602": "Julius von Mohl (25 October 1800 \u2013 4 January 1876) was a German Orientalist.\n\n", "Q3430985": "Richard D. Lineback (born February 4, 1952) is an American actor. He has performed in character roles in such blockbuster films as Speed, Twister and Varsity Blues. He played Deputy Dodd in Friday the 13th: A New Beginning.Lineback has appeared in many roles on the stage, with leads that include Tom Joad in The Grapes of Wrath, C.C. Showers in The Diviners, for which he won the Drama-Logue Award for Outstanding Actor, and the title role in Mister Roberts.He has also made numerous guest appearances for television, including Romas in Star Trek: The Next Generation, Selin Peers in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Kessick in Star Trek: Enterprise. He also appeared as Rev. Vernon Canty in two episodes of JAG.", "Q28777": "Guan Hanqing (c. 1241\u20131320), sobriquet \"the Oldman of the Studio\" (\u9f4b\u53df Zh\u0101is\u01d2u), was a notable Chinese playwright and poet in the Yuan Dynasty. He has been described as among the most prolific and highly regarded dramatists of the Yuan period.Guan spent much of his later life in Dadu and produced about 65 plays, mostly in the vernacular of the time. Fourteen of his plays are extant, including:\n\nThe Injustice to Dou E a.k.a. Snow in Midsummer (\u611f\u5929\u52d5\u5730\u7ac7\u5a25\u51a4 G\u01cen Ti\u0101n\tD\u00f2ng D\u00ec\tD\u00f2u\t\u00c9 Yu\u0101n)\nSaving the Dusty-windy a.k.a. Saving the Prostitute a.k.a. Rescued by a Coquette (\u8d99\u76fc\u5152\u98a8\u6708\u6551\u98a8\u5875 Zh\u00e0o P\u00e0n \u00c9r F\u0113ng Yu\u00e8 Ji\u00f9 F\u0113ng Ch\u00e9n)\nThe Conference of a Single Dao a.k.a. Meeting the Enemies Alone a.k.a. Lord Guan Goes to the Feast (\u95dc\u5927\u738b\u7368\u8d74\u55ae\u5200\u6703 Gu\u0101n D\u00e0 W\u00e1ng D\u00fa F\u00f9 D\u0101n\tD\u0101o Hu\u00ec)\nThe Pavilion of Moon-Worship (\u95a8\u6028\u4f73\u4eba\u62dc\u6708\u4ead Gu\u012b Yu\u00e0n Ji\u0101 R\u00e9n B\u00e0i Yu\u00e8 T\u00edng)\nThe Butterfly Dream (\u5305\u5f85\u5236\u4e09\u52d8\u8774\u8776\u5922 B\u0101o D\u00e0i Zh\u00ec S\u0101n K\u0101n H\u00fa Di\u00e9 M\u00e8ng)\nThe Wife-Snatcher (\u5305\u5f85\u5236\u667a\u65ac\u9b6f\u9f4b\u90ce B\u0101o D\u00e0i Zh\u00ec Zh\u00ec Zh\u01cen L\u01d4 Zh\u0101i L\u00e1ng)\nThe Riverside Pavilion (\u671b\u6c5f\u4ead\u4e2d\u79cb\u5207\u81be\u65e6 W\u00e0ng Ji\u0101ng T\u00edng Zh\u014dng Qi\u016b Qi\u0113 Ku\u00e0i D\u00e0n)\nThe Jade Mirror-Stand (\u6eab\u592a\u771f\u7389\u93e1\u81fa W\u0113n T\u00e0i Zh\u0113n Y\u00f9 J\u00ecng T\u00e1i)\nDeath of the Winged-Tiger General (\u9127\u592b\u4eba\u82e6\u75db\u54ed\u5b58\u5b5d D\u00e8ng F\u016b R\u00e9n K\u01d4 T\u00f2ng K\u016b C\u00fan Xi\u00e0o)", "Q61411": "Paul Mattick Sr. (March 13, 1904 \u2013 February 7, 1981) was a Marxist political writer and social revolutionary, whose thought can be placed within the council communist and left communist traditions.\nThroughout his life, Mattick continually criticised Bolshevism, Vladimir Lenin and Leninist organisational methods, describing their political legacy as \"serving as a mere ideology to justify the rise of modified capitalist (state-capitalist) systems, which were [...] controlled by way of an authoritarian state\".", "Q962944": "Jacob Vargas (born August 18, 1971) is a Mexican-American actor.", "Q973691": "Otis Williams Jr. (born November 26, 1981), better known by his stage name OJ da Juiceman, is an American rapper, actor and songwriter. OJ da Juiceman is founder of vanity label 32 Entertainment.", "Q58290": "Raden Mohammad Marty Muliana Natalegawa, more commonly known as Marty Natalegawa (born 22 March 1963 in Bandung, West Java), is an Indonesian diplomat and was the Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Second United Indonesia Cabinet. He served as Indonesia's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 5 September 2007 until his latest appointment and has also served as the Indonesian Ambassador to the United Kingdom and as a spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.\n\n", "Q113069": "Daniel Francis Haggerty (November 19, 1941 \u2013 January 15, 2016) was an American actor who is best known for playing the title role in the film and television series The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams.", "Q314972": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Beigbeder (French: [f\u0281ede\u0281ik b\u025b\u0261bede\u0281]; born 21 September 1965) is a French writer, literary critic and television presenter. He won the Prix Interalli\u00e9 in 2003 for his novel Windows on the World and the Prix Renaudot in 2009 for his book Un roman fran\u00e7ais. He is also the creator of the Flore and Sade Awards. In addition, he is the executive director of Lui, a French adult entertainment magazine.", "Q173945": "A Foreign Affair is a 1948 American romantic comedy film directed by Billy Wilder and starring Jean Arthur, Marlene Dietrich, and John Lund. The screenplay by Wilder, Charles Brackett, and Richard L. Breen is based on a story by David Shaw adapted by Robert Harari. The film is about a United States Army captain in occupied Berlin who is torn between an ex-Nazi cafe singer and the United States congresswoman investigating her. Though a comedy, the overall project had a cynical, serious tone.", "Q325577": "Matthew Ferguson (born 3 April 1973) is a Canadian former actor. He is known for his roles in On My Own (1991), Love and Human Remains (1993), Lilies (1996), and La Femme Nikita (1997\u20132001).", "Q3129951": "Helmut Sonnenfeldt (September 13, 1926 \u2013 November 18, 2012), also known as Hal Sonnenfeldt, was an American foreign policy expert. He was known as Kissinger\u2019s Kissinger for his philosophical affinity with and influence on Henry A. Kissinger, the architect of American foreign policy in the Nixon and Ford administrations.He was a veteran staff member of the National Security Council, and held several advisory posts in the U.S. government and the private sector. Later in life he was a visiting scholar at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies and a Guest Scholar at The Brookings Institution.", "Q231270": "Khlo\u00e9 Alexandra Kardashian (born June 27, 1984) is an American media personality, socialite, and model. Since 2007, she has starred with her family in the reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians. Its success has led to the creation of spin-offs, including Kourtney and Khlo\u00e9 Take Miami (2009\u20132013) and Kourtney and Khlo\u00e9 Take The Hamptons (2014\u20132015).\nFrom September 2009 to October 2016, she was married to basketball player Lamar Odom, who she married one month after they first met. They starred in their own reality television series, Khlo\u00e9 & Lamar (2011\u20132012). In 2009, Kardashian participated in the second season of The Celebrity Apprentice, finishing 10th of 16 candidates by being fired by Donald Trump. In 2012, she co-hosted the second season of the US adaptation of The X Factor with actor Mario Lopez.\nShe is involved in the retail and fashion industries with her sisters Kourtney and Kim. They have launched several clothing collections and fragrances, and additionally released the book Kardashian Konfidential in 2010. They starred in their own short-lived reality television series, Dash Dolls (2015).\nIn 2016, she hosted her own talk show, Kocktails with Khlo\u00e9, and stars in the health and fitness docu-series Revenge Body with Khlo\u00e9 Kardashian.", "Q114706": "Lygia Bojunga (born 26 August 1932, in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul) is a Brazilian writer of children's books under the name Lygia Bojunga Nunes. She is one of three people to win the two major international awards: for \"lasting contribution to children's literature\", she received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1982. For her career contribution to \"children's and young adult literature in the broadest sense\" she won the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award in 2004.A major element of her books is the usage of the child's point of view.Lygia Bojunga is part of the tradition of magical realism and fantasy-filled storytelling of South America. In her word-of-mouth style narratives, characterised by a strongly dramatic presence, anything can happen. She fuses playfulness, poetic beauty and absurd humour with social critique, a love of freedom and a strong empathy with the vulnerable child. Fantasy often functions as a way of dealing with distressing personal experiences, or as an escape from harsh reality. Bojunga enables the reader to enter directly into the dreams of her principal characters and to share in their experiences.\n\n", "Q186264": "Darius Milhaud (French: [da\u0281jys mijo]; 4 September 1892 \u2013 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher. He was a member of Les Six\u2014also known as The Group of Six\u2014and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His compositions are influenced by jazz and Brazilian music and make extensive use of polytonality. Milhaud is considered one of the key modernist composers.", "Q975586": "Mary Forbes (born Ethel Louise Young, 1 January 1883 \u2013 22 July 1974) was a British-American film actress, based in the United States in her latter years, where she died. She appeared in more than 130 films between 1919 and 1958.Forbes was born in Hornsey, England.She made her first public appearance on the concert platform giving recitals. Her acting debut was in 1908 on the London stage at Aldwych Theatre. Her American stage debut came in Romance at Maxine Elliott's Theatre in 1913.She took over management of the Ambassadors Theatre in 1913 and had several years experience on stage in Britain and America before her appearances in Hollywood films. Two of her three children by her first marriage in the first quarter of 1904 to Ernest J. Taylor, Ralph and Dorothy Brenda, known as Brenda, were also actors. The middle child of the three, Phyllis Mary Taylor, was not in the acting business. Her second husband was British actor Charles Quartermaine, who married in 1925; the union ended in divorce. She married her third husband, Wesley Wall, an American businessman, in 1935; the couple remained married until her death in 1974.She became a naturalized United States citizen in 1943, with one of her character references being Lucile Webster Gleason, actress and wife of actor James Gleason.\n\n", "Q165699": "Melancholia is a 2011 science fiction drama film written and directed by Lars von Trier and starring Kirsten Dunst, Charlotte Gainsbourg, and Kiefer Sutherland, with Alexander Skarsg\u00e5rd, Brady Corbet, Cameron Spurr, Charlotte Rampling, Jesper Christensen, John Hurt, Stellan Skarsg\u00e5rd, and Udo Kier in supporting roles. The film's story revolves around two sisters, one of whom is preparing to marry just before a rogue planet is about to collide with Earth.\nVon Trier's initial inspiration for the film came from a depressive episode he suffered. The film is a Danish production by Zentropa, with international co-producers in Sweden, France, Germany and Italy. Filming took place in Sweden. Melancholia prominently features music from the prelude to Richard Wagner's opera Tristan und Isolde (1857\u20131859). It is the second entry in von Trier's unofficially titled \"Depression Trilogy\", preceded by Antichrist and followed by Nymphomaniac.Melancholia premiered 18 May 2011 at the 64th Cannes Film Festival\u2014where it was critically lauded. Dunst received the festival's Best Actress Award for her performance, which was a common area of praise among critics. Although not without its detractors, many critics and film scholars have considered the film to be a personal masterpiece, and one of the best films of 2011.", "Q530321": "Allan Johnstone Massie (born 16 October 1938) is a Scottish journalist, columnist, sports writer and novelist. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. He has lived in the Scottish Borders for the last 25 years, and now lives in Selkirk.\n\n", "Q434635": "Ignacio de Loyola Brand\u00e3o (born 31 July 1936) is a Brazilian writer, perhaps best known as the author of the dystopian science-fiction novel Zero; the story of Brazil in the 1960s under a totalitarian regime. In 2008, he was awarded the Pr\u00eamio Jabuti for his novel O Menino que Vendia Palavras (The Boy who Sold Words).", "Q31540": "Assassination Games is a 2011 American action thriller film directed by Ernie Barbarash and starring Jean-Claude van Damme and Scott Adkins with Ivan Kaye as their main antagonist. The film was released in the United States on July 29, 2011.", "Q112411": "John Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot (25 February 1749 \u2013 19 May 1793), known as John Talbot until 1782 and as The Lord Talbot between 1782 and 1784, was a British peer and politician.", "Q154444": "Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447; 4 December [O.S. 22 November] 1878 \u2013 13 June 1918) was the youngest son and fifth child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and youngest brother of Nicholas II.\nAt the time of his birth, his paternal grandfather Alexander II was still the reigning Emperor of All the Russias. Michael was fourth-in-line to the throne after his father and elder brothers Nicholas and George. After the assassination of his grandfather in 1881, he became third-in-line and, in 1894, after the death of his father, second-in-line. George died in 1899, leaving Michael as heir presumptive.\nThe birth of Nicholas's son Alexei in 1904 moved Michael back to second-in-line, but Alexei was gravely-ill with hemophilia and Michael suspected the boy would die, leaving him as heir. Michael caused a commotion at the imperial court when he took Natalia Sergeyevna Wulfert, a married woman, as a lover. Nicholas sent Michael to Orel to avoid scandal but this did not deter Michael, who travelled frequently to see his mistress. After the couple's only child, George, was born in 1910, Michael brought Natalia to St. Petersburg where she was shunned by society. In 1912, Michael shocked Nicholas by marrying Natalia in the hope that he would be removed from the line of succession. Michael and Natalia left Russia to live in exile abroad in France, Switzerland and England.\nAfter the outbreak of World War I, Michael returned to Russia, assuming command of a cavalry regiment. When Nicholas abdicated on 15 March [O.S. 2 March] 1917, Michael was named as his successor instead of Alexei. Michael, however, deferred acceptance of the throne until ratification by an elected assembly. He was never confirmed as Emperor and, following the Russian Revolution of 1917, he was imprisoned and murdered.", "Q387868": "Guilty as Sin is a 1993 American thriller film written by Larry Cohen, directed by Sidney Lumet and produced by Martin Ransohoff. It stars Rebecca De Mornay and Don Johnson, and was produced by Hollywood Pictures.\n\n", "Q271132": "Georgina Leonidas (born 28 February 1990) is a British actress best known for playing Molly in The Basil Brush Show, and Katie Bell in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2.", "Q27322": "Jason Lewis (born c. 1970/1971) is an American actor and former fashion model. He is known for his role as Jerry \"Smith\" Jerrod on the HBO series Sex and the City.", "Q66418": "Peter van Eyck (born G\u00f6tz von Eick; 16 July 1911 \u2013 15 July 1969) was a German-born film actor. He was perhaps best known (in English-language films) for his roles in the 1960s features The Spy Who Came in from the Cold, Shalako and The Bridge at Remagen.\n\n", "Q85783": "Alexander Dobrindt (born 7 June 1970) is a German politician of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU). Between 2013 and 2017, he served as Federal Minister of Transport and Digital Infrastructure in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel. Previously, he was the Secretary General of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria under the leadership of party chairman Horst Seehofer from 2009.", "Q230608": "Together (Swedish: Tillsammans) is a Swedish comedy-drama film, which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 25 August 2000. It is Swedish director Lukas Moodysson's second full-length film. Set in a Stockholm sharehome called \"Tillsammans\" (Swedish for \"Together\") in 1975, it is a satirical view of socialist values and a bittersweet comedy.", "Q1851153": "Severin L\u00f8venskiold (7 February 1777 \u2013 15 September 1856) was a Norwegian nobleman, politician and Prime Minister of Norway.", "Q371640": "Laiyang city (simplified Chinese: \u83b1\u9633; traditional Chinese: \u840a\u967d; pinyin: L\u00e1iy\u00e1ng) is a county-level city within Yantai bordering Qingdao, located in the middle of the Shandong Peninsula, in Shandong province, China. The majority (70%) of its population are farmers and it is famous for producing the Laiyang pear. As of 2010, it had a population of 923,000.", "Q80823": "Anne Boleyn (; c. 1501 \u2013 19 May 1536) was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of King Henry VIII. Their marriage, and her execution for treason and other charges by beheading, made her a key figure in the political and religious upheaval that marked the start of the English Reformation. Anne was the daughter of Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Howard, and was educated in the Netherlands and France, largely as a maid of honour to Queen Claude of France. Anne returned to England in early 1522, to marry her Irish cousin James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond; the marriage plans were broken off, and instead she secured a post at court as maid of honour to Henry VIII's wife, Catherine of Aragon.\nEarly in 1523 Anne was secretly betrothed to Henry Percy, son of Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland, but the betrothal was broken off when the Earl refused to support their engagement. Cardinal Thomas Wolsey refused the match in January 1524 and Anne was sent back home to Hever Castle. In February or March 1526, Henry VIII began his pursuit of Anne. She resisted his attempts to seduce her, refusing to become his mistress, which her sister Mary had been. Henry soon focused his desires on annulling his marriage to Catherine so he would be free to marry Anne. When it became clear that Pope Clement VII would not annul the marriage, Henry and his advisers began the breaking of the Catholic Church's power in England. In 1532, Henry granted Anne the Marquessate of Pembroke.\nHenry and Anne formally married on 25 January 1533, after a secret wedding on 14 November 1532. On 23 May 1533, newly appointed Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer declared Henry and Catherine's marriage null and void; five days later, he declared Henry and Anne's marriage valid. Shortly afterwards, the Pope decreed sentences of excommunication against Henry and Cranmer. As a result of this marriage and these excommunications, the first break between the Church of England and Rome took place, and the King took control of the Church of England. Anne was crowned Queen of England on 1 June 1533. On 7 September, she gave birth to the future Queen Elizabeth I. Henry was disappointed to have a daughter rather than a son but hoped a son would follow and professed to love Elizabeth. Anne subsequently had three miscarriages and, by March 1536, Henry was courting Jane Seymour. In order to marry Seymour, Henry had to find reasons to end the marriage to Anne.\nHenry VIII had Anne investigated for high treason in April 1536. On 2 May she was arrested and sent to the Tower of London, where she was tried before a jury of peers \u2013 which included Henry Percy, her former betrothed, and her own uncle Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk; she was convicted on 15 May. She was beheaded four days later. Modern historians view the charges against her, which included adultery, incest, and plotting to kill the king, as unconvincing. Some say that Anne was also accused of witchcraft but the indictments make no mention of this charge.After her daughter, Elizabeth, was crowned as queen in 1558, Anne became venerated as a martyr and heroine of the English Reformation, particularly through the written works of John Foxe. Over the centuries, she has inspired, or been mentioned, in many artistic and cultural works and thereby retained her hold on the popular imagination. She has been called \"the most influential and important queen consort England has ever had\", as she provided the occasion for Henry VIII to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and declare the English church's independence from the Vatican.\n\n", "Q1388792": "Jos\u00e9 Antonio Ardanza Garro is a former Spanish politician that became the second elected Lehendakari (President of the Basque Autonomous Community, Spain after the approval of the Statute of Autonomy. He was in office between 1985 and 1999.", "Q901207": "A musical keyboard is the set of adjacent depressible levers or keys on a musical instrument. Keyboards typically contain keys for playing the twelve notes of the Western musical scale, with a combination of larger, longer keys and smaller, shorter keys that repeats at the interval of an octave. Depressing a key on the keyboard makes the instrument produce sounds\u2014either by mechanically striking a string or tine (acoustic and electric piano, clavichord), plucking a string (harpsichord), causing air to flow through a pipe organ, striking a bell (carillon), or, on electric and electronic keyboards, completing a circuit (Hammond organ, digital piano, synthesizer). Since the most commonly encountered keyboard instrument is the piano, the keyboard layout is often referred to as the piano keyboard.", "Q863496": "Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m (Turkish pronunciation: [bina\u02d0li j\u026fld\u026f\u02c8\u027e\u026fm]; born 20 December 1955) is a Turkish politician who served as the 27th and last Prime Minister of Turkey from 2016 to 2018 and Speaker of the Grand National Assembly from 2018 to 2019. He was Leader of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) from 2016 to 2017, then becoming parliamentary leader until 2018.\nY\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m served as chairman of the board of Directors of \u0130stanbul Fast Ferries Company (\u0130DO) from 1994 to 2000 before being elected as an AKP Member of Parliament for \u0130stanbul's first electoral district during the 2002 general election. He was appointed as Minister of Transport by Prime Minister Abdullah G\u00fcl and continued in office after Erdo\u011fan became Prime Minister in 2003. As Transport Minister, he presided over numerous projects such as Marmaray, high-speed rail lines and an expansion in the country's airport and road facilities, though received heavy criticism and calls for his resignation following the Pamukova train derailment in 2004. In 2011, the portfolios of Maritime and Communications were merged with the Ministry of Transport, with Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m becoming the Minister of Transport, Maritime and Communication.\nLeaving office in a cabinet reshuffle in 2013, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m ran as the AKP candidate for Mayor of \u0130zmir in the 2014 local elections but lost to the incumbent Republican People's Party (CHP) candidate Aziz Kocao\u011flu. He was appointed as special advisor to Erdo\u011fan in June 2014 and left Parliament in the June 2015 general election due to the AKP's three-term rule for its sitting MPs. He was re-appointed as Transport Minister by Prime Minister Ahmet Davuto\u011flu after being reelected to Parliament in the November 2015 general election. Following Davuto\u011flu's resignation as party leader due to a breakdown in relations with President Erdo\u011fan on 5 May 2016, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m was announced as the AKP's next leader by the Central Executive Committee on 19 May and was elected unopposed during the party's 2nd Extraordinary Congress on 22 May 2016. He formed the country's 65th government and became Prime Minister on 24 May 2016. Factions of the Turkish Army in discontent with his policies attempted to oust him in a failed military coup d'\u00e9tat attempt on 15 July 2016.As a staunch supporter of Erdo\u011fan, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m was referred to as a 'low-profile' Prime Minister and expected to spearhead a transition from a parliamentary system of government to an executive presidency, which would delegate greater powers to Erdo\u011fan and the presidency. Following the declared victory of the 'Yes' vote in the 2017 constitutional referendum despite electoral irregularities, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m resigned as AKP Leader in place of Erdo\u011fan, who was elected as his successor during the 3rd AKP extraordinary Congress on 21 May 2017. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m was subsequently elected as the AKP's parliamentary leader by 300 votes on 24 May. The office of Prime Minister of Turkey was abolished as a result of the 2017 constitutional referendum.\nIn 2013, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m was implicated in a government corruption scandal, with the financial and social activities of his family members also coming under scrutiny. He has caused controversy over his defence of greater government surveillance and comments favouring sex segregation. He was the AKP nominee for Mayor of Istanbul in both the March 2019 and June 2019 Istanbul mayoral elections (the latter of which occurred after the AKP had the March election annulled), losing both to CHP nominee Ekrem \u0130mamo\u011flu, who he conceded defeat to and congratulated following the June 2019 election.", "Q171834": "Aldo Romeo Luigi Moro (Italian: [\u02c8aldo \u02c8m\u0254\u02d0ro]; 23 September 1916 \u2013 9 May 1978) was an Italian statesman and a prominent member of the Christian Democracy party. He served as 38th Prime Minister of Italy, from 1963 to 1968, and then from 1974 to 1976. He was one of Italy's longest-serving post-war Prime Ministers, holding power for a combined total of more than six years. Due to his accommodation with the Communist leader Enrico Berlinguer, known as the Historic Compromise, Moro is widely considered one of the most prominent fathers of the Italian centre-left and one of the greatest and most popular leaders in the history of the Italian Republic. Moro was considered an intellectual and a patient mediator, especially in the internal life of his party. He was kidnapped on 16 March 1978 by the Red Brigades and killed after 55 days of captivity.", "Q96099": "Bruno Gesche (5 November 1905 \u2013 1980) rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel* in the SS in Nazi Germany. He was a member of Adolf Hitler's entourage and the fourth commander of Hitler 's personal bodyguard (originally known as the SS-Begleitkommando des F\u00fchrers, later known as F\u00fchrerbegleitkommando) for the periods June 1934 \u2013 April 1942 and December 1942 \u2013 December 1944.\n\n", "Q128799": "Enrique Mart\u00edn Morales (Spanish pronunciation: [en\u02c8\u027eike ma\u027e\u02c8tin mo\u02c8\u027eales]; born December 24, 1971), better known as Ricky Martin, is a Puerto Rican singer, actor, and author who is known as the \"King of Latin Pop\". He holds dual American and Spanish citizenship, and began his career at age 12 with the all-boy pop group Menudo. After five years with the group, he released several Spanish-language solo albums throughout the 1990s. Since the beginning of his solo career in 1991, Ricky Martin has became one of the best-selling Latin music artists of all time with sales estimates ranging from 70 million records to 95 million albums. He also acted on stage and on TV in Mexico, where he achieved modest stardom. In 1994, he appeared on the US TV soap opera General Hospital, playing a Puerto Rican singer. He also ranks among the most influential Latin artists of all time.In early 1999, after releasing several albums in Spanish, Martin performed \"The Cup of Life\" at the 41st Annual Grammy Awards show, which became a catalyst in bringing Latin pop to the forefront of the U.S. music scene. Following its success, Martin released \"Livin' la Vida Loca\", which helped him attain success worldwide. It is generally seen as the song that began the Latin pop explosion of 1999 and made the transition easier for other Spanish-speaking artists to move into the English-speaking market. His first English-language album (titled Ricky Martin), sold 15 million copies and is his best selling album to date. His other studio albums include: Ricky Martin (1991), Me Amaras (1993), A Medio Vivir (1995), Vuelve (1998), Sound Loaded (2000), Almas del Silencio (2003), Life (2005), M\u00fasica + Alma + Sexo (2011), A Quien Quiera Escuchar (2015) and Movimiento (2020). In 2018, he portrayed Antonio D'Amico in the miniseries The Assassination of Gianni Versace: American Crime Story, which earned him a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie.", "Q110206": "Dirty Harry is a 1971 American neo-noir action thriller film produced and directed by Don Siegel, the first in the Dirty Harry series. Clint Eastwood plays the title role, in his first outing as San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan. The film drew upon the real life case of the Zodiac Killer as the Callahan character seeks out a similar vicious psychopath.Dirty Harry was a critical and commercial success and set the style for a whole genre of police films. It was followed by four sequels: Magnum Force in 1973, The Enforcer in 1976, Sudden Impact in 1983 (directed by Eastwood himself) and The Dead Pool in 1988. In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant.\"", "Q32049": "Jang Keun-suk (Korean: \uc7a5\uadfc\uc11d; Hanja: \u5f35\u6839\u78a9) is a South Korean actor and singer. He is best known for starring in the Korean television dramas Beethoven Virus (2008), You're Beautiful (2009), Mary Stayed Out All Night (2010), Love Rain (2012), Pretty Man (2013), The Royal Gambler (2016) and Switch (2018).", "Q235770": "Caroline Herv\u00e9 (born 1973), better known by her stage name Miss Kittin, is a French electronic music producer, DJ, singer, and songwriter. Since rising to prominence in 1998 for her singles \"1982\" and \"Frank Sinatra\" with The Hacker, she has worked with other musicians such as Chicks on Speed, Felix da Housecat and Golden Boy. She released her debut solo album I Com in 2004, a second, BatBox, in 2008, and a third, Calling From The Stars, in 2013. She achieved international popularity with the singles \"Rippin Kittin\" and \"Silver Screen Shower Scene\".", "Q166390": "Thomas Mankell \"Tom\" Rees (March 26, 1925 \u2013 December 9, 2003) was a U.S. Representative from California.\nBorn in Los Angeles, California, Rees was educated in local public schools. In 1950, he received a B.A. from Occidental College in Los Angeles, California. Beginning in 1951, he attended the University of California Law School. He served in the United States Army and was a lawyer in private practice. He served as president of Compania del Pacifico, a Latin American export firm. He served as a member of the California State Assembly from 1954 to 1962, the California Senate from 1962 to 1965, and as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1956, 1960, 1964, and 1968.\nRees was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-ninth Congress, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of United States Representative James Roosevelt, and re-elected to the five succeeding Congresses (December 15, 1965 \u2013 January 3, 1977). He was not a candidate for reelection to the Ninety-fifth Congress in 1976. He served as president of Community Development and Management in San Jose, California. He died on December 9, 2003 in Santa Cruz, California.", "Q87194": "Karl Ludwig von Bruck (Elberfeld, 8 October 1798 \u2013 Vienna, 23 April 1860) was an Austrian statesman.\n\n", "Q161414": "The history of Russia begins with the histories of the East Slavs. The traditional start-date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' state in the north in 862 ruled by Vikings. Staraya Ladoga and Novgorod became the first major cities of the new union of immigrants from Scandinavia with the Slavs and Finno-Ugrians. In 882 Prince Oleg of Novgorod seized Kiev, thereby uniting the northern and southern lands of the Eastern Slavs under one authority. The state adopted Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in 988, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Orthodox Slavic culture for the next millennium. Kievan Rus' ultimately disintegrated as a state due to the Mongol invasions in 1237\u20131240 along with the resulting deaths of about half the population of Rus'.\nAfter the 13th century, Moscow became a cultural center. The territories of the Grand Duchy of Moscow became the Tsardom of Russia in 1547. In 1721 Tsar Peter the Great renamed his state as the Russian Empire, hoping to associate it with historical and cultural achievements of ancient Rus' \u2013 in contrast to his policies oriented towards Western Europe. The state now extended from the eastern borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to the Pacific Ocean. Peasant revolts were common, and all were fiercely suppressed. The Emperor Alexander II abolished Russian serfdom in 1861, but the peasants fared poorly and revolutionary pressures grew. In the following decades, reform efforts such as the Stolypin reforms of 1906\u20131914, the constitution of 1906, and the State Duma (1906\u20131917) attempted to open and liberalize the economy and political system, but the Emperors refused to relinquish autocratic rule and resisted sharing their power.\nA combination of economic breakdown, war-weariness, and discontent with the autocratic system of government triggered revolution in Russia in 1917. The overthrow of the monarchy initially brought into office a coalition of liberals and moderate socialists, but their failed policies led to seizure of power by the communist Bolsheviks on 25 October 1917 (7 November New Style). Between 1922 and 1991 the history of Russia became essentially the history of the Soviet Union, effectively an ideologically-based state roughly conterminous with the Russian Empire before the 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The approach to the building of socialism, however, varied over different periods in Soviet history: from the mixed economy and diverse society and culture of the 1920s through the command economy and repressions of the Joseph Stalin era to the \"era of stagnation\" from the 1960s to the 1980s. From its first years, government in the Soviet Union-based itself on the one-party rule of the Communists, as the Bolsheviks called themselves, beginning in March 1918.\nBy the mid-1980s, with the weaknesses of Soviet economic and political structures becoming acute, Mikhail Gorbachev embarked on major reforms, which eventually led to the overthrow of the communist party and the breakup of the USSR, leaving Russia again on its own and marking the start of the history of post-Soviet Russia. The Russian Federation came into being in January 1992 as the legal successor to the USSR. Russia retained its nuclear arsenal but lost its superpower status. Scrapping the socialist central planning and state-ownership of property of the socialist era, new leaders, led by President Vladimir Putin (who first became President in 2000), took political and economic power after 2000 and engaged in an energetic foreign policy. Russia's 2014 annexation of the Crimean peninsula has led to economic sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union.\n\n", "Q3442320": "Roscoe Ates (January 20, 1895 \u2013 March 1, 1962) was an American vaudeville performer, actor of stage and screen, comedian and musician who primarily featured in western films and television. He was best known as western character Soapy Jones. He was also billed as Rosco Ates.", "Q128772": "Pierre Fran\u00e7ois Joseph Bosquet (8 November 1810 \u2013 5 February 1861) was a French Army general. He served during the conquest of Algeria and the Crimean War; returning from Crimea he was made Marshal of France and senator.", "Q2972543": "The Hietaniemi cemetery (Finnish: Hietaniemen hautausmaa, Swedish: Sandudds begravningsplats) is located mainly in the Lapinlahti quarter and partly in the Etu-T\u00f6\u00f6l\u00f6 district of Helsinki, the capital of Finland. It is the location for Finnish state funeral services.\nThe cemetery includes a large military cemetery section for soldiers from the capital fallen in the wars against the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany: in the Winter War (1939\u20131940), the Continuation War (1941\u20131944) and the Lapland War (1944\u20131945). In the centre of the military cemetery are the tombs of the unknown soldier and Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim. Other notable sections of the cemetery are the cemetery of the Finnish Guard, the Artist's Hill and the Statesman's Grove. There are two Lutheran funerary chapels and crematorium at the area.\nHietaniemi means \"sand cape\" and is a headland located centrally in Helsinki.", "Q451052": "Percy Lebaron Spencer (July 19, 1894 \u2013 September 8, 1970) was an American physicist and inventor. He became known as the inventor of the microwave oven.", "Q384352": "Georges Cravenne (24 January 1914 \u2013 10 January 2009), real name Joseph-Raoul Cohen, was a French film producer, publicity agent and founder of the C\u00e9sar Award. He received an Honorary C\u00e9sar in 2000.", "Q53448": "Henry III (19 September 1551 \u2013 2 August 1589; born Alexandre \u00c9douard de France, Polish: Henryk Walezy, Lithuanian: Henrikas Valua) was King of France from 1574 until his death and also King of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1575. \nAs the fourth son of King Henry II of France, he was not expected to inherit the French throne and thus was a good candidate for the vacant throne of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, where he was elected King/Grand Duke in 1573. During his brief rule, he signed the Henrician Articles into law, recognizing the Polish nobility's right to freely elect their monarch. Aged 22, Henry abandoned Poland upon inheriting the French throne when his brother, Charles IX, died without issue.\nFrance was at the time plagued by the Wars of Religion, and Henry's authority was undermined by violent political parties funded by foreign powers: the Catholic League (supported by Spain and the Pope), the Protestant Huguenots (supported by England and the Dutch) and the Malcontents, led by Henry's own brother, the Duke of Alen\u00e7on, which was a party of Catholic and Protestant aristocrats who jointly opposed the absolutist ambitions of the king. Henry III was himself a politique, arguing that a strong and religiously tolerant monarchy would save France from collapse.\nAfter the death of Henry's younger brother Francis, Duke of Anjou, and when it became apparent that Henry would not produce an heir, the Wars of Religion developed into a succession crisis, the War of the Three Henrys. Henry III's legitimate heir was his distant cousin, King Henry III of Navarre, a Protestant. The Catholic League, led by Henry I, Duke of Guise, sought to exclude Protestants from the succession and championed the Catholic Charles, Cardinal of Bourbon, as Henry III's heir.\nIn 1589, Jacques Cl\u00e9ment, a Catholic fanatic, murdered Henry III. He was succeeded by the King of Navarre who, as Henry IV, assumed the throne of France after converting to Catholicism, as the first French king of the House of Bourbon.", "Q254371": "Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner and bassist Will James.\nAfter two EPs, James left and was replaced by Tobin Esperance. The band independently released two more EPs before signing with DreamWorks Records in 1999. It released the triple-platinum Infest in 2000, the gold album Lovehatetragedy in 2002 and the platinum album Getting Away with Murder in 2004. A year after The Paramour Sessions, Buckner left in 2007, and was replaced by Tony Palermo. They then made Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), and Crooked Teeth (2017). The tenth studio album, Who Do You Trust?, was released on January 18, 2019.\nPapa Roach has sold more than 20 million album copies worldwide and are known for their songs \"Last Resort\", \"Between Angels and Insects\", \"She Loves Me Not\", \"Getting Away with Murder\", \"Scars\", \"Forever\", \"Lifeline\", and \"Face Everything and Rise\".", "Q117582": "G\u00e9rard \"Jabby\" Crombac (March 7, 1929, Zurich \u2013 November 18, 2005, Paris) was a Swiss auto-racing journalist.", "Q138561": "Patricia Wells (born 5 November 1946 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is a cookbook author and teacher who divides her time between Paris and Provence. Her book Patricia Wells at Home in Provence (1996) won the James Beard Award for Best International Cookbook. Wells is the only American and the only woman to be a restaurant critic for a major French publication, L'Express (1988\u20131991). She was also a restaurant critic for the International Herald Tribune from 1980 until 2007.", "Q86261": "Rudolf \"Rudi\" Vouk, (born 19 March 1965) is an Austrian lawyer, politician and human rights activist of Slovene ethnic background, known for his legal and political fight for the minority rights of Carinthian Slovenes.", "Q193682": "Kansai International Airport (\u95a2\u897f\u56fd\u969b\u7a7a\u6e2f, Kansai Kokusai K\u016bk\u014d, colloquially known as Kank\u016b (\u95a2\u7a7a)) (IATA: KIX, ICAO: RJBB) is an international airport located on an artificial island (Kank\u016bjima (\u95a2\u7a7a\u5cf6)) in the middle of Osaka Bay off the Honshu shore, 38 km (24 mi) southwest of \u014csaka Station, located within three municipalities, including Izumisano (north), Sennan (south), and Tajiri (central), in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.\nKansai opened on 4 September 1994 to relieve overcrowding at the original Osaka International Airport, referred to as Itami Airport, which is closer to the city of Osaka and now handles only domestic flights. It consists of two terminals: Terminal 1 and Terminal 2. Terminal 1, designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano, is the longest airport terminal in the world with a length of 1.7 km (1.1 mi). The airport serves as an international hub for All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, and Nippon Cargo Airlines, and also serves as a hub for Peach, the first international low-cost carrier in Japan.\nIn 2016, 25.2 million passengers used the airport making it the 30th busiest airport in Asia and 3rd busiest in Japan. Freight volume was at 802,162 tonnes total, of which 757,414 t were international (18th in the world), and 44,748 t were domestic. The 4,000 m \u00d7 60 m (13,123 ft \u00d7 197 ft) second runway was opened on 2 August 2007. As of June 2014, Kansai Airport has become an Asian hub, with 780 weekly flights to Asia and Australasia (including freight 119), 59 weekly flights to Europe and the Middle East (freight 5), and 80 weekly flights to North America (freight 42).\n\n", "Q168356": "Adam Gottlob Oehlenschl\u00e4ger(Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025b\u02d0t\u0251m \u02c8k\u028ctl\u028cp \u02c8\u00f8\u02c0ln\u0329\u02ccsle\u02d0j\u0250]; 14 November 1779 \u2013 20 January 1850) was a Danish poet and playwright. He introduced romanticism into Danish literature.\n\n", "Q299317": "Tom Berenger (born Thomas Michael Moore; May 31, 1949) is an American television and motion picture actor. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of Staff Sergeant Bob Barnes in Platoon (1986). He is also known for playing Jake Taylor in the Major League films and Thomas Beckett in the Sniper films. Other films he appeared in include Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977), The Dogs of War (1980), The Big Chill (1983), Eddie and the Cruisers (1983), Betrayed (1988), The Field (1990), Gettysburg (1993), The Substitute (1996), One Man's Hero (1999), Training Day (2001), and Inception (2010).\nBerenger won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for his performance as Jim Vance in the 2012 miniseries Hatfields & McCoys.", "Q273916": "Peggy Winsome Glanville-Hicks (29 December 1912 \u2013 25 June 1990) was an Australian composer.", "Q107949": "Theodor Rumpel (25 March 1862, G\u00fctersloh \u2013 11 August 1923, Hamburg) was a German surgeon remembered for describing the Rumpel-Leede sign.\nHe received his doctorate in 1887 in Marburg and worked at the Hamburg-Eppendorf Hospital. He oversaw the building of the Barmbecker Krankenhaus in Hamburg, of which he became director in 1913. Among his better known assistants at Hamburg was bacteriologist Georg Jochmann.With internist Alfred Kast, he was co-author of a patho-anatomical atlas titled: Pathologisch-anatomische Tafeln nach frischen Pr\u00e4paraten mit erl\u00e4uterndem anatomisch-klinischem Text.", "Q121030": "Friedrich Christian Bressand (c.1670 \u2013 11 April 1699) was a Baroque German poet and opera librettist.", "Q178145": "Gothic metal (or goth metal) is a fusion genre combining the heaviness of heavy metal with the dark atmospheres of gothic rock. The music of gothic metal is diverse with bands known to adopt the gothic approach to different styles of heavy metal music. The genre originated during the early 1990s in the United Kingdom originally as an outgrowth of death-doom, a fusion of death metal and doom metal. Lyrics are generally dark and introspective with inspiration from gothic fiction as well as personal experiences.\nPioneers of gothic metal include Paradise Lost, My Dying Bride and Anathema, all from the north of England. Other pioneers from the first half of the 1990s include Type O Negative from the United States, Tiamat from Sweden, and The Gathering from the Netherlands. Norwegian band Theatre of Tragedy developed the \"beauty and the beast\" aesthetic of combining aggressive male vocals with clean female vocals, a contrast that had been adopted by groups before them, but not as a regular trademark; several bands have employed the technique since. During the mid-1990s, Moonspell, Theatres des Vampires, Rotting Christ and Cradle of Filth brought the gothic approach to black metal. By the end of the decade, a symphonic metal variant of gothic metal had been developed by Tristania and Within Temptation. Nightwish also integrated elements of gothic metal into their well-known mix of symphonic metal and power metal.\nIn the 21st century, gothic metal has moved towards the mainstream in Europe, particularly in Finland where groups such as Entwine, HIM, Lullacry and Poisonblack have released hit singles or chart-topping albums. In the US, however, only a few bands such as Type O Negative, HIM, Lacuna Coil, Evanescence and Cradle of Filth have found some degree of commercial success.", "Q1250306": "Dorothy Hindman (born March 13, 1966, in Miami, Florida) is an American composer and music educator.", "Q472853": "Alan Quinlan (Irish: Ail\u00edn \u00d3 Caoindealbhain, born 13 July 1974) is a retired Irish rugby union player. He played for Munster and was registered to All-Ireland League side Shannon. He retired from rugby in May 2011.", "Q105186": "Pharmacists, also known as chemists (Commonwealth English) or druggists (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), are health professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of chemical sciences and health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use. Pharmacists undergo university or graduate-level education to understand the biochemical mechanisms and actions of drugs, drug uses, therapeutic roles, side effects, potential drug interactions, and monitoring parameters. This is mated to anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. Pharmacists interpret and communicate this specialized knowledge to patients, physicians, and other health care providers.\nAmong other licensing requirements, different countries require pharmacists to hold either a Bachelor of Pharmacy, Master of Pharmacy, or Doctor of Pharmacy degree.\nThe most common pharmacist positions are that of a community pharmacist (also referred to as a retail pharmacist, first-line pharmacist or dispensing chemist), or a hospital pharmacist, where they instruct and counsel on the proper use and adverse effects of medically prescribed drugs and medicines. In most countries, the profession is subject to professional regulation. Depending on the legal scope of practice, pharmacists may contribute to prescribing (also referred to as \"pharmacist prescriber\") and administering certain medications (e.g., immunizations) in some jurisdictions. Pharmacists may also practice in a variety of other settings, including industry, wholesaling, research, academia, formulary management, military, and government.\n\n", "Q548271": "Henry Mayers Hyndman (; 7 March 1842 \u2013 20 November 1921) was an English writer and politician. Originally a conservative, he was converted to socialism by Marx\u2019s Communist Manifesto, and launched Britain's first left-wing political party, the Democratic Federation, later known as the Social Democratic Federation, in 1881. Although this body attracted radicals such as William Morris and George Lansbury, Hyndman was generally disliked as an authoritarian who could not unite his party. He was the first author to popularise Marx's works in English.", "Q885846": "Lyman Enos Knapp (November 5, 1837 \u2013 October 9, 1904) was an American Republican politician who was the Governor of the District of Alaska from 1889 to 1893. He was also a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1884 to 1885. He was born in Somerset, Vermont and died in Seattle, Washington.", "Q269796": "Walter Lang (August 10, 1896 \u2013 February 7, 1972) was an American film director.", "Q720175": "Travis Smith (born April 29, 1982 in Bainbridge, Georgia) is the former drummer in the metal band Trivium, from their formation in 1999 until he officially departed on February 4, 2010. Smith is best known for his very fast footwork, and intricate rhythms on the toms, a skill that has been noted several times by music magazines such as Revolver and Modern Drummer as well as by other media. In Metal Hammer's Golden Gods Awards 2006, Travis received the \"Best Drummer in the Universe\" award.", "Q67935": "Selzach is a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q115395": "Karl Wilhelm Berkhan (April 8, 1915 in Hamburg \u2013 March 9, 1994 in Hamburg), also known as Willi Berkhan, was a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party.", "Q78815": "Friedrich von H\u00fcgel (born Friedrich Maria Aloys Franz Karl Freiherr von H\u00fcgel, usually known as Baron von H\u00fcgel; 5 May 1852 \u2013 27 January 1925) was an influential Austrian Roman Catholic layman, religious writer, Modernist theologian and Christian apologist.", "Q49410": "A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square is a 1979 British heist film directed by Ralph Thomas, written by Guy Elmes and starring Richard Jordan, Oliver Tobias, and David Niven subtitled \"based on one of the biggest robberies in London\". The film takes its name from the 1940 published song \"A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square\".\nRalph Thomas later said the film \"had quite a superb cast\" and \"he was really quite fond\" of the movie \"but I didn't do it as well as I should have done because by the time we started it David was already sick, and so we had to do the best we could as quickly as we could and it didn't come off as I'd hoped. But it was still a fun film and we enjoyed making it.\"It was shot at Twickenham Studios and on location around London. The film's sets were designed by the art director Lionel Couch.", "Q165672": "Iajuddin Ahmed (1 February 1931 \u2013 10 December 2012) was the President of Bangladesh, serving from 6 September 2002 until 12 February 2008. From late October 2006 to January 2007, he also served as Chief Advisor of the caretaker government. From October 2006 to early 2008, his responsibilities as President included the Defense Ministry of the caretaker government.\nWith a doctorate in soil science, Ahmed became a full professor at the University of Dhaka and chairman of the department. Beginning in 1991, he started accepting appointments to public positions, as chairman of the Public Service Commission (1991 to 1993) and of the University Grants Commission (1995 to 1999). In 2002 he won election as president. In 2004 he helped establish the private university, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology (ADUST).", "Q123627": "Stepney, also known as Stepney Green, is a district in the East End of London in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets that grew out of a merging of both a medieval village around St Dunstan's church and a 15th-century ribbon development of Mile End Road called Stepney Green. The district is not officially defined, and is usually used to refer to a relatively small area, however for much its history the place name applied to a much wider area. \nThe area was built up rapidly in the 19th century, mainly to accommodate immigrant workers and displaced London poor, and developed a reputation for poverty, overcrowding, violence and political dissent. It was severely damaged during the Blitz, with over a third of housing totally destroyed; and then, in the 1960s, slum clearance and development replaced most residential streets with tower blocks and modern housing estates. Some Georgian architecture and Victorian era terraced housing survive in patches: for example Arbour Square, the eastern side of Stepney Green, and the streets around Matlock Street.", "Q209062": "The Socialist Republic of Croatia (Serbo-Croatian: Socijalisti\u010dka Republika Hrvatska), commonly referred to as Socialist Croatia or simply Croatia, was a constituent republic and federated state of Yugoslavia and the nation state of Croats. By its constitution, modern-day Croatia is its direct continuation. \nAlong with five other Yugoslav republics, it was formed during World War II and became a socialist republic after the war. It had four full official names during its 48-year existence (see below). By territory and population, it was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia, after the Socialist Republic of Serbia.\nIn 1990, the government dismantled the single-party system of government \u2013 installed by the Communist Party \u2013 and adopted a multi-party democracy. The newly elected government of Franjo Tu\u0111man moved the republic towards independence, formally seceding from Yugoslavia in 1991 and thereby contributing to its dissolution.\n\n", "Q84476": "John H. Noble (September 4, 1923 \u2013 November 10, 2007) was an American survivor of the Soviet Gulag system, who wrote two books which described his experiences in it after he was permitted to leave the Soviet Union and return to the United States.", "Q322595": "The Theft of the Mona Lisa (German: Der Raub der Mona Lisa) is a 1931 German drama film directed by G\u00e9za von Bolv\u00e1ry and starring Trude von Molo, Willi Forst, and Gustaf Gr\u00fcndgens. It is based on a true story.\nThe film's sets were designed by the art directors Andrej Andrejew and Robert A. Dietrich.", "Q83319": "Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a bacterial infection due to a specific type of Salmonella that causes symptoms. Symptoms may vary from mild to severe, and usually begin 6 to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. This is commonly accompanied by weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, and mild vomiting. Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored spots. In severe cases, people may experience confusion. Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. Diarrhea is uncommon. Other people may carry the bacterium without being affected; however, they are still able to spread the disease to others. Typhoid fever is a type of enteric fever, along with paratyphoid fever.The cause is the bacterium Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi growing in the intestines and blood. Typhoid is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. Risk factors include poor sanitation and poor hygiene. Those who travel in the developing world are also at risk. Only humans can be infected. Symptoms are similar to those of many other infectious diseases. Diagnosis is by either culturing the bacteria or detecting their DNA in the blood, stool, or bone marrow. Culturing the bacterium can be difficult. Bone-marrow testing is the most accurate.A typhoid vaccine can prevent about 40 to 90% of cases during the first two years. The vaccine may have some effect for up to seven years. For those at high risk or people traveling to areas where the disease is common, vaccination is recommended. Other efforts to prevent the disease include providing clean drinking water, good sanitation, and handwashing. Until an individual's infection is confirmed as cleared, the individual should not prepare food for others. The disease is treated with antibiotics such as azithromycin, fluoroquinolones, or third-generation cephalosporins. Resistance to these antibiotics has been developing, which has made treatment of the disease more difficult.In 2015, 12.5 million new cases worldwide were reported. The disease is most common in India. Children are most commonly affected. Rates of disease decreased in the developed world in the 1940s as a result of improved sanitation and use of antibiotics to treat the disease. Each year in the United States, about 400 cases are reported and the disease occurs in an estimated 6,000 people. In 2015, it resulted in about 149,000 deaths worldwide \u2013 down from 181,000 in 1990 (about 0.3% of the global total). The risk of death may be as high as 20% without treatment. With treatment, it is between 1 and 4%. Typhus is a different disease. However, the name typhoid means \"resembling typhus\" due to the similarity in symptoms.", "Q455552": "Amateur is a 1994 comedy crime drama film written and directed by Hal Hartley and starring Isabelle Huppert, Martin Donovan and Elina L\u00f6wensohn. The story revolves around an ex-nun who gets mixed up in pornography, violence and international crime but ends up intact in the convent she left.", "Q71831": "Reinhold Conrad Muschler aka Reno Muschler (9 August 1882 Berlin \u2013 10 December 1957 Berlin), was a German botanist, explorer and writer, who worked on the taxonomy of North African flora. He travelled extensively with Ernest Friedrich Gilg (1867\u20131933) and carried out a revision of the flora of Patagonia. His parents were both well-known singers at the Court Opera in Berlin.\nAfter finishing high school in Berlin, he travelled widely in Europe and Africa, spending the winters of 1902-1906 in Egypt after he was found to be suffering from TB. It was during these rest-cures that he met Georg Schweinfurth and Paul Ascherson, who encouraged him to become involved in the botany of Egypt. Consequently he studied under Adolf Engler, receiving his doctorate on African Senecio species in 1908, and becoming an assistant at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Dahlem-Berlin. Between 1906 and 1914 he authored and co-authored some 65 botanical papers, describing 10 new genera, 380 new species and about 50 new combinations.\nIrregularities in the Manual Flora of Egypt led to Schweinfurth and Engler accusing him of fraud and the matter being taken to court. The case against Muschler was dismissed on the grounds of his being mentally disturbed at the time. Even so, the scandal led to his leaving the Royal Botanic Gardens of Berlin in September 1913. A 2001 paper by Olof Ryding notes that the 1913 publication by Luigi Buscalioni\nand Muschler on plants supposedly collected by the Duchess of Aosta is highly suspect in respect of the specimens' provenance and collector. Many of these doubtful specimens are now believed to have been collected by Schweinfurth in Eritrea and Yemen. A large number of Muschler's type specimens were destroyed by World War I and European botanists, excited by the fuss, had a field day examining his specimens, descriptions and drawings and making precipitate judgements about their validity in terms of the rules of nomenclature. Weighing the irregularities Ryding argued that many of Muschler's names and descriptions of the types in the Egyptian Flora should stand.During the War Muschler stayed in Egypt and on his return to Germany became a noted writer and music critic. He wrote \"Egyptian Travel Sketches\" in 1915, biographies of Frederick the Great, Richard Strauss and Philipp zu Eulenburg, and many novels in which he glorified love as a form of religion.Muschler was living at 23a F\u00fcrstenstrasse, Berlin at the time of his death. His grave is at the Waldfriedhof Zehlendorf.\nThe Angolan composite genus of Muschleria was created by Spencer Le Marchant Moore in 1914 to honour Muschler.", "Q77298": "Terence Henry Stamp (born 22 July 1938) is an English actor. After training at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art in London he started his acting career in 1962. Regarded as a \u201cmaster of the brooding silence\u201d by The Guardian, Stamp has appeared in more than 60 films. His performance in the title role of Billy Budd, his film debut, earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor and a BAFTA nomination for Best Newcomer. Associated with the swinging London scene of the 1960s \u2013 during which time he was in a high-profile relationship with Julie Christie \u2013 Stamp was among the subjects photographed by David Bailey for a set titled Box of Pin-Ups.Stamp played butterfly collector Freddie Clegg in The Collector (1965), and in 1967 appeared in Far from the Madding Crowd, starring opposite Christie. His other major roles include playing archvillain General Zod in Superman and Superman II, tough guy Wilson in The Limey, Supreme Chancellor Valorum in Star Wars: Episode I \u2013 The Phantom Menace, transgender woman Bernadette Bassinger in The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert, ghost antagonist Ramsley in The Haunted Mansion, Stick in Elektra, Pekwarsky in Wanted, Siegfried in Get Smart, Terrence Bundley in Yes Man, the Prophet of Truth in Halo 3, Mankar Camoran in The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, and General Ludwig Beck in Valkyrie. He has appeared in two Tim Burton films, Big Eyes (2014) and Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (2016).\nFor his acting, Stamp has won a Golden Globe, a Mystfest, a Cannes Film Festival Award, a Seattle International Film Festival Award, a Satellite Award, and a Silver Bear. Stamp has also had voice work, narrating Jazz Britannia on the BBC, and 1966 \u2013 A Nation Remembers on ITV in July 2016 which marked the 50th anniversary of England's 1966 FIFA World Cup victory.", "Q201358": "The Flintstones is an American animated sitcom produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. The series takes place in a romanticized Stone Age setting and follows the activities of the titular family, the Flintstones, and their next-door neighbors, the Rubbles (who are also their best friends). It was originally broadcast on ABC from September 30, 1960 to April 1, 1966, and was the first animated series to hold a prime time slot on television.The continuing popularity of The Flintstones rests heavily on its juxtaposition of modern everyday concerns in the Stone Age setting. The Flintstones was the most financially successful and longest-running network animated television series for three decades, until The Simpsons, which debuted in late 1989, outlasted it. In 2013, TV Guide ranked The Flintstones the second-greatest TV cartoon of all time (after The Simpsons).", "Q113082": "Reiner Merkel (January 28, 1952 - February 6, 2007) was a German manager, photographer and CEO of German Press Agency Picture Alliance.\nMerkel studied at Justus Liebig University Giessen. After working for the \"Deutscher Sportbund (DSB) in Hesse\" (German Sports Federation) he became head of dpa's picture services Deutsche Presse-Agentur (dpa), a well-known news agency. Merkel was involved in developing \"global media services\" und \"news aktuell\". Since 2002 he was CEO of \"dpa Picture Alliance\", a platform of the six large stock photographies akg-images, Bildagentur Huber, dpa-Bilderdienste, kpa photo archive, OKAPIA, and Picture Press. Merkel was initiator of the dpa international facsimile broadcasting.\nAlong with the National Olympic Committee of Germany and the OC of 2006 FIFA World Cup he was engaged in a global online-picture services for the Olympic Games as well as 2006 FIFA World Cup.\nMerkel, who was married and lived in Friedrichsdorf near Frankfurt, was a well known photographer and picture artist. His work was widely exhibited. He died unexpectedly during a skiing trip in the French Alps.", "Q165114": "Marek Benda (born 10 November 1968 is a Czech politician and member of the Civic Democratic Party. He is currently the longest serving member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic. He is son of V\u00e1clav Benda.\n\n", "Q271867": "Dame Janet Suzman, (born 9 February 1939) is a South African/British actress who enjoyed a successful early career in the Royal Shakespeare Company, later replaying many Shakespearean roles, among others, on TV. In her first film, Nicholas and Alexandra (1971), her performance as Empress Alexandra Feodorovna earned her several honours, including a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress.\nSuzman later starred in a wide range of classical and modern drama as well as directing many productions, both in Britain and South Africa. She is a niece of Helen Suzman, South African politician and anti-apartheid campaigner. Suzman herself appeared in a film that looked closely at the apartheid issue, A Dry White Season (1989).", "Q16672": "The Altmann is a mountain in the Appenzell Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Appenzell Innerrhoden and St. Gallen. It is situated in the massif of the Alpstein north of Wildhaus (St. Gallen), a few kilometres from the S\u00e4ntis.\nThe Altmann is a steep limestone tower, which rises about 1000 metres over the valleys of the Alpstein. The normal route starts at Rotsteinpass (2,120 metres) on the north-west side and is considered an easy climb.", "Q39691": "Johann Ludwig (also known as John Lewis, Jean Louis) Burckhardt (24 November 1784 \u2013 15 October 1817) was a Swiss traveller, geographer and orientalist. Burckhardt assumed the moniker Sheikh Ibrahim Ibn Abdallah during his travels in Arabia. He wrote his letters in French and signed Louis. He is best known for rediscovering the ruins of the ancient Nabataean city of Petra in Jordan.", "Q2052": "Associazione Calcio Firenze Fiorentina, commonly referred to as Fiorentina [fjoren\u02c8ti\u02d0na], is an Italian professional football club based in Florence, Tuscany. Founded by a merger in August 1926, and refounded in August 2002 following bankruptcy, Fiorentina have played at the top level of Italian football for the majority of their existence; only four clubs have played in more Serie A seasons.\nFiorentina has won two Italian Championships, in 1955\u201356 and again in 1968\u201369, as well as six Coppa Italia trophies and one Supercoppa Italiana. On the European stage, Fiorentina won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1960\u201361 and lost the final one year later. They finished runners-up in the 1956\u201357 European Cup, losing against Real Madrid, and also came close to winning the 1989\u201390 UEFA Cup, finishing as runners-up against Juventus after losing the first leg in Turin and drawing in the second one in Avellino.\nFiorentina is one of the fifteen European teams that played the finals in all three major continental competitions: the Champions League (1956\u20131957, the first Italian team to reach the final in the top continental competition), the UEFA Cup Winners (1960\u20131961 and 1961\u20131962) and the UEFA Cup (1989\u20131990).\nSince 1931, the club have played at the Stadio Artemio Franchi, which currently has a capacity of 43,147. The stadium has used several names over the years and has undergone several renovations. Fiorentina are known widely by the nickname Viola, a reference to their distinctive purple colours.", "Q841804": "Moscow Theological Academy (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f) is a higher educational institution of the Russian Orthodox Church, training clergy, teachers, scholars, and officials.\nThe seminary traces its origin to the Slavic Greek Latin Academy, which was founded in 1687 by the Greek Lichud brothers. It was reorganized in 1814 and moved from Moscow to the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius in the town of Sergiyev Posad, Moscow Oblast. The academy was closed in 1919, and reopened in 1946.", "Q1379958": "Contemporary Christian music (or CCM\u2014and occasionally \"inspirational music\") is a genre of modern popular music which is lyrically focused on matters concerned with the Christian faith. It formed as those affected by the 1960s Jesus movement revival began to express themselves in a more contemporary style of music than the hymns, Gospel and Southern gospel music that was prevalent in the church at the time. Today, the term is typically used to refer to pop, rock, or praise & worship styles.\nIt has representation on several music charts including Billboard's Christian Albums, Christian Songs, Hot Christian AC (Adult Contemporary), Christian CHR, Soft AC/Inspirational, and Christian Digital Songs as well as the UK's Official Christian & Gospel Albums Chart. Top-selling CCM artists will also appear on the Billboard 200. In the iTunes Store, the genre is represented as part of the Christian and gospel genre while the Google Play Music system labels it as Christian/Gospel.", "Q220396": "Vivica Anjanetta Fox (born July 30, 1964) is an American actress, producer and television host. Fox began her career with roles on the daytime television soap operas Days of Our Lives (1988) and Generations (1989\u201391), subsequently shifting to the prime-time slot starring opposite Patti LaBelle, in the NBC sitcom Out All Night (1992\u201393). Fox's breakthrough came in 1996, with roles in two box-office hit films, Roland Emmerich's Independence Day and F. Gary Gray's Set It Off.\nFox later has starred in films Booty Call (1997), Soul Food (1997), Why Do Fools Fall in Love (1998), Kingdom Come (2001), Two Can Play That Game (2001), and Boat Trip (2002). Fox played Vernita Green in Kill Bill, and played supporting parts in films like Ella Enchanted (2004). Fox had the leading roles in the short-lived Fox sitcom Getting Personal (1998), and CBS medical drama City of Angels (2000). From 2003 to 2006, she co-starred in and produced the Lifetime crime drama series, Missing, for which she received NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series. Fox has also produced a number of straight-to-video films.", "Q498534": "Diepholz (German pronunciation: [\u02c8di\u02d0ph\u0254lts]) is a town and capital of the district of Diepholz in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the rivers Hunte and Lohne, approximately 45 km northeast of Osnabr\u00fcck, and 60 km southwest of Bremen.\nIt was the capital of the sovereign County of Diepholz and the principal seat of the Noble Lords, later Counts, of Diepholz.", "Q624307": "The Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) is a regional Arab organization, a working sub-organization of the Arab League. It was founded 1976, and has been operational since 1977.", "Q76186": "Karl Adolf Kurt Werner Klingler (23 October 1903 \u2013 23 June 1972) was a German film director and actor. He directed 29 films between 1936 and 1968. He was born in Stuttgart, Germany and died in Berlin, Germany.", "Q126039": "Beggars Banquet Records is a British independent record label. Beggars Banquet started as a chain of record shops owned by Martin Mills and Nick Austin, and is part of the Beggars Group of labels.", "Q984594": "G\u00f6ran S\u00f6llscher (born 31 December 1955) is a Swedish award-winning virtuoso classical guitarist known for his broad range of musical interpretations, ranging from Bach to the Beatles. S\u00f6llscher's international career began during his years of education at the Royal Conservatory of Copenhagen in Copenhagen, Denmark when at the age of 23, he won the Concours International de Guitare in Paris, 1978. He was signed by German record label Deutsche Grammophon, the largest label featuring classical guitarists. As of 2005, S\u00f6llscher had released 19 records, which altogether have sold over a million copies.", "Q111695": "Jakob Augstein (born 28 July 1967) is a German heir, journalist and publisher.", "Q3973212": "Stephen \"Steve\" Oswald Rice (November 29, 1907 \u2013 November 18, 1986) was a pioneer in the related fields of information theory, communications theory, and telecommunications.", "Q99427": "Patrick D\u00f6ring (born 6 May 1973 in Stade, Lower Saxony) is a German politician and member of the FDP in the Bundestag from 2005 till 2013.", "Q131545": "Harry Houdini (; born Erik Weisz, later Ehrich Weiss or Harry Weiss; March 24, 1874 \u2013 October 31, 1926) was a Hungarian-born American illusionist and stunt performer, noted for his sensational escape acts. He first attracted notice in vaudeville in the US and then as \"Harry 'Handcuff' Houdini\" on a tour of Europe, where he challenged police forces to keep him locked up. Soon he extended his repertoire to include chains, ropes slung from skyscrapers, straitjackets under water, and having to escape from and hold his breath inside a sealed milk can with water in it.\nIn 1904, thousands watched as he tried to escape from special handcuffs commissioned by London's Daily Mirror, keeping them in suspense for an hour. Another stunt saw him buried alive and only just able to claw himself to the surface, emerging in a state of near-breakdown. While many suspected that these escapes were faked, Houdini presented himself as the scourge of fake spiritualists. As President of the Society of American Magicians, he was keen to uphold professional standards and expose fraudulent artists. He was also quick to sue anyone who imitated his escape stunts.\nHoudini made several movies but quit acting when it failed to bring in money. He was also a keen aviator and aimed to become the first man to fly a plane in Australia.\n\n", "Q379591": "Lama Hewage Don Martin Wickramasinghe commonly Martin Wickramasinghe, MBE (Sinhala: \u0db8\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dca\u0da7\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d82\u0dc4) (29 May 1890 \u2013 23 July 1976) was a Sri Lankan novelist. His books have been translated into several languages.The search for roots is a central theme in Wickramasinghe's writings on the culture and life of the people of Sri Lanka. His work explored and applied modern knowledge in natural and social sciences, literature, linguistics, the arts, philosophy, education, Buddhism and comparative religion. Wickramasinghe is often acclaimed as the father of modern Sinhala literature.\n\n", "Q52030": "Janne Furch (1915\u20131992) was a German screenwriter. She also acted in three films early in her career. She was married to the conductor Franz Allers.", "Q2857927": "Zohar Zisapel (born February 15, 1949; Hebrew: \u05d6\u05d4\u05e8 \u05d6\u05d9\u05e1\u05d0\u05e4\u05dc\u200e), is a successful Israeli entrepreneur in Israel\u2019s advanced high-tech industry, sometimes referred to as \"the Bill Gates of Israel.\" The RAD Group of companies he co-founded with his brother, Yehuda, has been called \"the world's most successful incubator\" of telecom-related start-ups by Business 2.0 magazine.The RAD Group employs 4,500 people and closed 2015 with a total of $1.234 billion in global sales. Four RAD Group companies are currently traded on the NASDAQ stock exchange: Ceragon Networks, Radware , RADCOM, and Silicom.", "Q319265": "Manfred Mann were an English rock band, formed in London in 1962. The group were named after their keyboardist Manfred Mann, who later led the successful 1970s group Manfred Mann's Earth Band. The band had two different lead vocalists during their period of success, Paul Jones from 1962 to 1966, and Mike d'Abo from 1966 to 1969.\nThe group were regularly in the UK charts in the 1960s. Three of the band's most successful singles, \"Do Wah Diddy Diddy\", \"Pretty Flamingo\" and \"Mighty Quinn\", topped the UK Singles Chart. They were the first southern-England-based group to top the US Billboard Hot 100 during the British invasion.", "Q650486": "Metric is a Canadian rock band founded in 1998 in Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of Emily Haines (lead vocals, synthesizers, guitar, tambourine, harmonica, piano), James Shaw (guitar, synthesizers, theremin, backing vocals), Joshua Winstead (bass, synthesizers, backing vocals) and Joules Scott-Key (drums, percussion). The band started in 1998 as a duo formed by Haines and Shaw with the name \"Mainstream\". After releasing an EP titled Mainstream EP, they changed the band's name to Metric.\nThe band's first studio album, Old World Underground, Where Are You Now?, was released in 2003. Live It Out, released in 2005, was nominated for the 2006 Polaris Music Prize for the \"Canadian Album of the Year\" and for the 2006 Juno Awards for \"Best Alternative Album\". Their third studio album, Grow Up and Blow Away, was recorded in 2001; it was initially planned as their debut album, but was delayed for many years and finally released, with some changes, in 2007.\nMetric's fourth album Fantasies was released in 2009. It was shortlisted for the 2009 Polaris Music Prize for \"Canadian Album of the Year\", and won the \"Alternative Album of the Year\" at the 2010 Juno Awards. Metric also won the 2010 \"Group of the Year\". The fifth Metric studio album, Synthetica, was released in 2012. The band won two awards at 2013 Juno Awards: \"Alternative Album of the Year\" for Synthetica and \"Producer of the Year\" for Shaw. The art director/designer/photographer Justin Broadbent also won an award for \"Recording Package of the Year\" for Synthetica. Metric's sixth album, Pagans in Vegas, was released in 2015.\nTheir seventh full-length record, the Justin Meldal-Johnson produced Art of Doubt, was released on September 21, 2018.", "Q44652": "Christian Otto Josef Wolfgang Morgenstern (6 May 1871 \u2013 31 March 1914) was a German author and poet from Munich. Morgenstern married Margareta Gosebruch von Liechtenstern on 7 March 1910. He worked for a while as a journalist in Berlin, but spent much of his life traveling through Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, primarily in a vain attempt to recover his health. His travels, though they failed to restore him to health, allowed him to meet many of the foremost literary and philosophical figures of his time in central Europe.\nMorgenstern's poetry, much of which was inspired by English literary nonsense, is immensely popular, even though he enjoyed very little success during his lifetime. He made fun of scholasticism, e.g. literary criticism in \"Drei Hasen\", grammar in \"Der Werwolf\", narrow-mindedness in \"Der Gaul\", and symbolism in \"Der Wasseresel\". In \"Scholastikerprobleme\" he discussed how many angels could sit on a needle. Still many Germans know some of his poems and quotations by heart, e.g. the following line from \"The Impossible Fact\" (\"Die unm\u00f6gliche Tatsache\", 1910):\n\nWeil, so schlie\u00dft er messerscharf / Nicht sein kann, was nicht sein darf.\n\"For, he reasons pointedly / That which must not, can not be.\"Embedded in his humorous poetry is a subtle metaphysical streak, as e.g. in \"Vice Versa\", (1905):\n\nGerolf Steiner's mock-scientific book about the fictitious animal order Rhinogradentia (1961), inspired by Morgenstern's nonsense poem Das Nasob\u0113m, is testament to his enduring popularity.\nMorgenstern was a member of the General Anthroposophical Society. Dr. Rudolf Steiner called him 'a true representative of Anthroposophy'.\nMorgenstern died in 1914 of tuberculosis, which he had contracted from his mother, who died in 1881.", "Q138207": "Vivien Helen Stern, Baroness Stern (born 25 September 1941) is a crossbench member of the House of Lords.\nStern was educated at Kent College and read English literature at Bristol University where she graduated in 1963. She was awarded an MLitt in 1964 and a Certificate in Education in 1965. Between 1967 and 1969 she taught General Studies at Birmingham College of Food and Domestic Arts.\nIn 1970 she became a lecturer in education, and in 1977 became the director of NACRO, a post she held until 1996. She was a visiting fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford, from 1984 to 1991, and was Secretary General of Penal Reform International from 1989 until 2006. In 1997 she was appointed a senior research fellow of London University, based at the International Centre for Prison Studies in King's College London.\nShe was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1992 New Year Honours and was created a Life Peer as Baroness Stern, of Vauxhall in the London Borough of Lambeth on 13 July 1999. She has been a member of several parliamentary committees and is currently a member of the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Statutory Instruments. She lists her political interests as criminal justice, foreign affairs, human rights, international development, penal reform, and prisons, and has written several books, including Creating Criminals: prisons and people in a market society; Bricks of Shame: Britain's prisons; Failures in Penal Policy; Imprisoned by Our Prisons: a programme for reform (Fabian Series); The Prisons We Deserve and A Sin Against the Future: imprisonment in the world.\nBaroness Stern is a patron of several charities including the Venture Trust , the Prisoners' Education Trust, and Clean Break. \nShe has honorary doctorates from [University of Kent (15 July 2014) Bristol University, Oxford Brookes University, the University of Stirling, the University of Glasgow and the University of Edinburgh and is an Honorary Fellow of the London School of Economics. She is married to Professor Andrew Coyle.", "Q23811": "Karl Pilkington (born 23 September 1972) is an English television presenter, author, comedian, radio producer, actor and voice actor.\nPilkington gained prominence as the producer of Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant's radio programme on XFM. He appeared on The Ricky Gervais Show, presented the Sky travel comedy series An Idiot Abroad, and made his full acting debut (following a cameo appearance in the final episode of Extras) on Gervais's 2012 comedy\u2013drama series Derek. Pilkington is a co-founder, along with Gervais and Merchant, of RiSK Productions, a television production company. Pilkington also starred in the Sky 1 travel documentary comedy series The Moaning of Life (2013\u20132015). In 2018, Pilkington starred in a new scripted comedy series, Sick of It.", "Q660545": "Arif Mardin (March 15, 1932 \u2013 June 25, 2006) was a Turkish-American music producer, who worked with hundreds of artists across many different styles of music, including jazz, rock, soul, disco and country. He worked at Atlantic Records for over 30 years, as producer, arranger, studio manager, and vice president, before moving to EMI and serving as vice president and general manager of Manhattan Records. His collaborations include working with Queen, the Bee Gees, Hall & Oates, Anita Baker, Aretha Franklin, Dionne Warwick, Donny Hathaway & Roberta Flack, Bette Midler, Chaka Khan, Laura Nyro, Phil Collins, Daniel Rodriguez, and Norah Jones. Mardin was awarded eleven Grammy Awards.", "Q244604": "Minority Report is a 2002 American science fiction action film directed by Steven Spielberg and loosely based on the 1956 short story \"The Minority Report\" by Philip K. Dick. It is set primarily in Washington, D.C., and Northern Virginia in the year 2054, where PreCrime, a specialized police department, apprehends criminals based on foreknowledge provided by psychics called \"precogs\". The cast includes Tom Cruise as Chief of PreCrime John Anderton, Colin Farrell as Department of Justice agent Danny Witwer, Samantha Morton as the senior precog Agatha, and Max von Sydow as Anderton's superior Lamar Burgess.\nThe film combines elements of tech noir, whodunit, thriller and science fiction genres, as well as a traditional chase film, as the main protagonist is accused of a crime he has not committed and becomes a fugitive. Spielberg has characterized the story as \"fifty percent character and fifty percent very complicated storytelling with layers and layers of murder mystery and plot\". The film's central theme is the question of free will versus determinism. It examines whether free will can exist if the future is set and known in advance. Other themes include the role of preventive government in protecting its citizenry, the role of media in a future state where technological advancements make its presence nearly boundless, the potential legality of an infallible prosecutor, and Spielberg's repeated theme of broken families.\nThe film was first optioned in 1992, as a sequel to another Dick adaptation, Total Recall, and started its development in 1997, after a script by Jon Cohen reached Spielberg and Cruise. Production suffered many delays due to Cruise's Mission: Impossible 2 and Spielberg's A.I. running over schedule, eventually starting in March 2001. During pre-production, Spielberg consulted numerous scientists in an attempt to present a more plausible future world than that seen in other science fiction films, and some of the technology designs in the film have proven prescient. \nMinority Report was one of the best-reviewed films of 2002 and was nominated for several awards. It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Sound Editing, and eleven Saturn Award nominations, including Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, and Saturn Award for Best Music, winning Best Science Fiction Film, Best Direction, Best Writing, and Best Supporting Actress. The film earned over $358 million worldwide against an overall budget of $142 million (including advertising). Over four million DVDs were sold in its first few months of home release.", "Q252072": "Country of the Deaf (Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0445\u0438\u0445, romanized: Strana glukhikh) is a 1998 Russian crime film directed by Valery Todorovsky, loosely based on Renata Litvinova's novel To Own and Belong. The film set in a fictional underworld of deaf-mute people in Moscow. The film was entered into the 48th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q99433": "Wilhelm Bazille ('v\u026alh\u025blm ba.zi\u02d0) (born February 25, 1874 in Esslingen am Neckar; died February 1, 1934 in Stuttgart) was a German lawyer and politician (DNVP).", "Q214027": "Walter Levin (December 6, 1924 \u2013 August 4, 2017) was the founder, first violinist, and guiding spirit of the LaSalle Quartet (active 1947\u20131987), which was known for its championing of contemporary composers, for its recordings of the Second Viennese School (Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, and Anton Webern), as well as for its intellectually penetrating interpretations of the classical and romantic quartet repertory, in particular the late quartets of Beethoven. Levin was also an important pedagogue, having taught many of the world's leading string quartets, among them the Alban Berg Quartet and the Arditti Quartet; other prominent students include the conductor James Levine, the violinist Christian Tetzlaff and the pianist Stefan Litwin.\nLevin was Professor of Music for 33 years at the College Conservatory of Music of the University of Cincinnati, where the LaSalle Quartet was quartet in residence, and subsequently taught chamber music at the Steans Institute of the Ravinia Festival in Chicago, at the Basel Academy of Music in Switzerland, and the L\u00fcbeck Academy of Music in Germany. In retirement, Levin and his wife Evi made their home in Chicago, Illinois.", "Q55993": "Kenji Miyazawa (\u5bae\u6ca2 \u8ce2\u6cbb or \u5bae\u6fa4 \u8ce2\u6cbb, Miyazawa Kenji, 27 August 1896 \u2013 21 September 1933) was a Japanese novelist and poet of children's literature from Hanamaki, Iwate, in the late Taish\u014d and early Sh\u014dwa periods. He was also known as an agricultural science teacher, a vegetarian, cellist, devout Buddhist, and utopian social activist.Some of his major works include Night on the Galactic Railroad, Kaze no Matasabur\u014d, Gauche the Cellist, and The Night of Taneyamagahara. Kenji converted to Nichiren Buddhism after reading the Lotus Sutra, and joined the Kokuch\u016bkai, a Nichiren Buddhist organization. His religious and social beliefs created a rift between him and his wealthy family, especially his father, though after his death his family eventually followed him in converting to Nichiren Buddhism. Kenji founded the Rasu Farmers Association to improve the lives of peasants in Iwate Prefecture. He was also a speaker of Esperanto and translated some of his poems into that language.\nHe died of pneumonia in 1933. Almost totally unknown as a poet in his lifetime, Kenji's work gained its reputation posthumously, and enjoyed a boom by the mid-1990s on his centenary. A museum dedicated to his life and works was opened in 1982 in his hometown. Many of his children's stories have been adapted as anime, most notably Night on the Galactic Railroad. Many of his tanka and free verse poetry, translated into many languages, are still popular today.", "Q44646": "Leonard Mlodinow (; November 26, 1954) is an American theoretical physicist, screenwriter and author. In physics, he is known for his work on the large N expansion, a method of approximating the spectrum of atoms based on the consideration of an infinite-dimensional version of the problem, and for his work on the quantum theory of light inside dielectrics.\nHe is known to a wider audience through his books for the general public, five of which have been New York Times best-sellers, including The Drunkard's Walk: How Randomness Rules Our Lives, which was chosen as a New York Times notable book, and short-listed for the Royal Society Science Book Prize; The Grand Design, co-authored with Stephen Hawking, which argues that invoking God is not necessary to explain the origins of the universe; War of the Worldviews, co-authored with Deepak Chopra; and Subliminal: How Your Unconscious Mind Rules Your Behavior, which won the 2013 PEN/E.O. Wilson Award for Literary Science Writing. He is also known through his public lectures and media appearances on programs ranging from Morning Joe to Through the Wormhole, and for debating Deepak Chopra on ABC's Nightline.\n\n", "Q232786": "Alice Sophia Eve (born 6 February 1982) is a British actress.", "Q265806": "Jennifer Taylor (n\u00e9e Bini, and sometimes credited as Jennifer Bini Taylor; born April 19, 1972) is an American actress, best known for her role as Chelsea Melini on CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men, and earlier, for three other roles on the show. She appeared in the 1998 erotic thriller Wild Things. One of her earliest roles as a female lead was in a television series in the role of the character Laura in the short-lived television drama Miami Sands.", "Q65850": "Jakob Balde (January 4, 1604 \u2013 August 9, 1668), a German poet who wrote primarily in Neo-Latin (New Latin) rather than in his native German language, was born at Ensisheim in Alsace.\nDriven from Alsace by the marauding bands of Count Mansfeld, he fled to Ingolstadt where he began to study law. A love disappointment, however, turned his thoughts to the church, and in 1624 he entered the Society of Jesus. Continuing his study of the humanities, he became in 1628 professor of rhetoric at Innsbruck, and in 1635 at Ingolstadt, whither he had been transferred by his superiors in order to study theology. In 1633 he was ordained a priest.\nHis lectures and poems had now made him famous, and he was summoned to Munich where, in 1638, he became court chaplain to the elector Maximilian I. He remained in Munich till 1650, when he went to live at Landshut and afterwards at Amberg. In 1654 he was transferred to Neuburg on the Danube, as court preacher and confessor to the count palatine. He remained at Neuburg for the rest of his life. \nA collected edition of Balde's works in 4 vols was published at Cologne in 1660; a more complete edition in 8 vols at Munich, 1729; also a good selection by L. Spach (Paris and Strasbourg, 1871). An edition of his Latin lyrics was edited by Benno M\u00fcller in 1844 in Munich and another edition also appeared at Regensburg in 1884. There are translations into German of some of his odes by Johann Gottfried Herder (1795), his satires by Johannes Neubig (Munich, 1833) and J. Schrott and M. Schleich (Munich, 1870). See G. Westermayer, Jacobus Balde, sein Leben und seine Werke (1868); J. Bach, Jakob Balde (Freiburg, 1904). Various odes have been translated into English by Karl Maurer.", "Q179529": "Daniel Buck (November 9, 1753 \u2013 August 16, 1816) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as a United States Representative from Vermont.", "Q127333": "Victoria Smurfit (born 31 March 1974) is an Irish actress. She is known for playing Orla O'Connell in the BBC television series Ballykissangel and Detective Chief Inspector Roisin Connor in the ITV police procedural Trial & Retribution.", "Q215339": "Johan Ludvig Runeberg (Finland Swedish: [\u02c8ju\u02d0h\u0251n \u02c8l\u0289d\u02d0vi\u0261 \u02c8r\u0289\u02d0neb\u00e6rj]; 5 February 1804 \u2013 6 May 1877) was a Finland-Swedish lyric and epic poet. He is the national poet of Finland and the author of the lyrics to V\u00e5rt land (Our Land, Maamme in Finnish) that became the Finnish National Anthem. Runeberg was also involved in the modernization of the Finnish Lutheran hymnal and produced many texts for the new edition.", "Q2139894": "Reid James Ribble (born April 5, 1956) is an American politician who was the U.S. Representative for Wisconsin's 8th congressional district from 2011 to 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party.", "Q475696": "Pierre Firmin Pucheu (27 June 1899 \u2013 20 March 1944) was a French industrialist, fascist and member of the Vichy government. He became after his marriage the son-in-law of the Belgian architect Paul Saintenoy.\n\n", "Q29496": "Leukemia, also spelled leukaemia, is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal blood cells. These blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells. Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising, feeling tired, fever, and an increased risk of infections. These symptoms occur due to a lack of normal blood cells. Diagnosis is typically made by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy.The exact cause of leukemia is unknown. A combination of genetic factors and environmental (non-inherited) factors are believed to play a role. Risk factors include smoking, ionizing radiation, some chemicals (such as benzene), prior chemotherapy, and Down syndrome. People with a family history of leukemia are also at higher risk. There are four main types of leukemia\u2014acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)\u2014as well as a number of less common types. Leukemias and lymphomas both belong to a broader group of tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid system, known as tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.Treatment may involve some combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and bone marrow transplant, in addition to supportive care and palliative care as needed. Certain types of leukemia may be managed with watchful waiting. The success of treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the age of the person. Outcomes have improved in the developed world. Five-year survival rate is 57% in the United States. In children under 15, the five-year survival rate is greater than 60 to 90%, depending on the type of leukemia. In children with acute leukemia who are cancer-free after five years, the cancer is unlikely to return.In 2015, leukemia was present in 2.3 million people and caused 353,500 deaths. In 2012 it newly developed in 352,000 people. It is the most common type of cancer in children, with three-quarters of leukemia cases in children being the acute lymphoblastic type. However, over 90% of all leukemias are diagnosed in adults, with CLL and AML being most common in adults. It occurs more commonly in the developed world.", "Q541241": "Myles MacInnes (born 10 May 1978), better known by his stage name Mylo, is a Scottish electronic musician and record producer. He is best known for his 2005 single \"Doctor Pressure\", a mashup of his own track \"Drop the Pressure\" and Miami Sound Machine's 1984 song \"Dr. Beat\".", "Q16666": "Nanjing (listen), alternatively romanized as Nanking and Nankin, also known as Langjin in Nanjing dialect, is the capital of Jiangsu of the People's Republic of China and the second largest city in the East China region, with 11 districts,an administrative area of 6,600 km2 (2,500 sq mi) and a total population of 8,505,500 as of 2019. The inner area of Nanjing enclosed by the city wall is Nanjing City (\u5357\u4eac\u57ce).\nSituated in the Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949, and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports. The city is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has been ranked seventh in the evaluation of \"Cities with Strongest Comprehensive Strength\" issued by the National Statistics Bureau, and second in the evaluation of cities with most sustainable development potential in the Yangtze River Delta. It has also been awarded the title of 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honor of China, Special UN Habitat Scroll of Honor Award and National Civilized City.Nanjing has many high-quality universities and research institutes, with the number of universities listed in 100 National Key Universities ranking third, including Nanjing University which has a long history and is among the world top 10 universities ranked by Nature Index. The ratio of college students to total population ranks No.1 among large cities nationwide. Nanjing is one of the top three Chinese scientific research centers, according to the Nature Index, especially strong in the chemical sciences.\nNanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It has been one of the world's largest cities, enjoying peace and prosperity despite wars and disasters. Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu (229\u2013280), one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period; the Eastern Jin and each of the Southern dynasties (Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang and Chen), which successively ruled southern China from 317\u2013589; the Southern Tang (937\u201375), one of the Ten Kingdoms; the Ming dynasty when, for the first time, all of China was ruled from the city (1368\u20131421); and the Republic of China under the right-wing Kuomintang (1927\u201337, 1946\u201349) prior to its flight to Taiwan by Chiang Kai-Shek during the Chinese Civil War. The city also served as the seat of the rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1853\u201364) and the Japanese puppet regime of Wang Jingwei (1940\u201345) during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It suffered severe atrocities in both conflicts, such as the Nanjing massacre.\nNanjing has served as the capital city of Jiangsu province since the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It has many important heritage sites, including the Presidential Palace and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Nanjing is famous for human historical landscapes, mountains and waters such as Fuzimiao, Ming Palace, Chaotian Palace, Porcelain Tower, Drum Tower, Stone City, City Wall, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake and Purple Mountain. Key cultural facilities include Nanjing Library, Nanjing Museum and Nanjing Art Museum.", "Q892490": "Stav Shaffir (Hebrew: \u05e1\u05b0\u05ea\u05b8\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05e4\u05b4\u05d9\u05e8; born 17 May 1985) is an Israeli politician. She is the leader of the Green Party, who was a member of the Knesset for the Democratic Union alliance. She came to national prominence as one of the leaders of the 2011 Israeli social justice protests, focusing on housing, public services, income inequality and democracy, and later became spokeswoman of the movement. She was subsequently elected to the Knesset in 2013 as a member of the Labor Party in 2013. The party contested the 2015 elections as part of the Zionist Union alliance, with Shaffir retaining her seat. She was re-elected again in the April 2019 elections, in which Labor ran alone. However, after losing a Labor leadership election to Amir Peretz in June 2019, she left the party and resigned from the Knesset and became head of the Green Movement. Her new party formed the Democratic Union alongside Meretz and the Israel Democratic Party. Shaffir lost her Knesset seat in the 2020 election.", "Q103285": "Jos\u00e9 Juli\u00e1n Mart\u00ed P\u00e9rez (Spanish pronunciation: [xo\u02c8se ma\u027e\u02c8ti]; January 28, 1853 \u2013 May 19, 1895) was a Cuban poet, philosopher, essayist, journalist, translator, professor, and publisher, who is considered a Cuban national hero because of his role in the liberation of his country, and he was an important figure in Latin American literature. He was very politically active, and is considered an important revolutionary philosopher and political theorist. Through his writings and political activity, he became a symbol of Cuba's bid for independence from Spain in the 19th century, and is referred to as the \"Apostle of Cuban Independence.\" From adolescence, he dedicated his life to the promotion of liberty, political independence for Cuba, and intellectual independence for all Spanish Americans; his death was used as a cry for Cuban independence from Spain by both the Cuban revolutionaries and those Cubans previously reluctant to start a revolt.\nBorn in Havana, Mart\u00ed began his political activism at an early age. He traveled extensively in Spain, Latin America, and the United States, raising awareness and support for the cause of Cuban independence. His unification of the Cuban \u00e9migr\u00e9 community, particularly in Florida, was crucial to the success of the Cuban War of Independence against Spain. He was a key figure in the planning and execution of this war, as well as the designer of the Cuban Revolutionary Party and its ideology. He died in military action during the Battle of Dos R\u00edos on May 19, 1895.\nMart\u00ed is considered one of the great turn-of-the-century Latin American intellectuals. His written works include a series of poems, essays, letters, lectures, novel, and a children's magazine. He wrote for numerous Latin American and American newspapers; he also founded a number of newspapers. His newspaper Patria was an important instrument in his campaign for Cuban independence. After his death, one of his poems from the book, Versos Sencillos (Simple Verses) was adapted to the song \"Guantanamera\", which has become the definitive patriotic song of Cuba.\nThe concepts of freedom, liberty, and democracy are prominent themes in all of his works, which were influential on the Nicaraguan poet Rub\u00e9n Dar\u00edo and the Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral.Following the 1959 Cuban Revolution, Marti's ideology became a major driving force in Cuban politics. He is also regarded as Cuba's \"martyr\" and \"patron saint.\"", "Q60928": "Vladimir II Monomakh (Old East Slavic: \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0463\u0440\u044a \u041c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445\u044a, Volodimer Monomakh; Christian name: Vasiliy, or Basileios) (1053 \u2013 19 May 1125) reigned as Grand Prince of Kievan Rus' from 1113 to 1125.", "Q173762": "Scuderia Centro Sud was a privateer racing team founded in Modena by Guglielmo \"Mimmo\" Dei and active in Formula One and sports car racing between 1956 and 1965.\nDei had been an amateur driver in the 1930s. In the early 1950s he opened a Maserati dealership in Rome. Keen on maintaining a relationship with motorsport, in 1956 he founded his own team. The name \"Centro Sud\" refers to the parts of Italy where his adoptive and native cities are. (Modena and Rome).\nOver the course of nine seasons, Scuderia Centro Sud entered a total of 49 World Championship rounds, with cars such as the Maserati 250F, various Maserati-powered Coopers and, in the 1960s, a BRM P57. After a very promising start (they scored their first points at their debut with Luigi Villoresi), Centro Sud went on to earn a further total of 24 points, mostly with Masten Gregory and Tony Maggs, but never won a race, with Gregory's third place at the 1957 Monaco Grand Prix as the team's best result.\nCentro Sud was the only Italian racing team who took part in the Tasman races in Australia and New Zealand during the winter of 1961-1962.One of their most notable feats was to be the first team in the history of Formula One to run a female driver, when Maria Teresa de Filippis (who had already raced as a privateer in the 1958 Belgian Grand Prix a few weeks earlier) competed in the 1958 Portuguese Grand Prix as a Centro Sud team driver. Future 24 Hours of Le Mans (1963) and 24 Hours of Daytona (1967) winner Lorenzo Bandini made his Formula One debut with the team at the 1961 Belgian Grand Prix.", "Q509239": "Benedetta Barzini (born September 22, 1943, in Porto Santo Stefano) is an Italian actress and model, daughter of Italian journalist and author Luigi Barzini, Jr. and his first wife, Giannalisa Feltrinelli. As such, she is the half-sister of Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, the Italian publisher and left-wing political activist.", "Q1033625": "Canray Fontenot (October 16, 1922 \u2013 July 29, 1995) was an American Creole fiddle player, who has been described as \"the greatest Creole Louisiana French fiddler of our time.\"\n\n", "Q634100": "Josef Kajet\u00e1n Tyl (4 February 1808 \u2013 11 July 1856; Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8joz\u025bf \u02c8kaj\u025bta\u02d0n \u02c8t\u026al]) was a significant Czech dramatist, writer, and actor. He was a notable figure in the Czech National Revival movement and is best known as the author of the current national anthem of the Czech Republic titled Kde domov m\u016fj?.\n\n", "Q132058": "Jonathan Peter Kasdan (born September 30, 1979) is an American writer, director and actor.", "Q112388": "Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti (10 January 1871 \u2013 8 April 1955) was an Austrian poet and writer, known for writing historical romances, notably Die Hochzeit von Quedlinburg.\n\n", "Q472847": "Giancarlo Badessi, (born Giancarlo Badese; September 21, 1928 in Lecco \u2013 December 6, 2011 in Rome) was an Italian actor.", "Q67921": "Peter R\u00fchmkorf (Dortmund, 25 October 1929 \u2013 Roseburg, Schleswig-Holstein, 8 June 2008) was a German writer who significantly influenced German post-war literature.R\u00fchmkorf's literary career started in 1952 in Hamburg with the magazine Zwischen den Kriegen (\"Between the Wars\"), which the poet and essayist Werner Riegel and he edited and mainly wrote, until Riegel's early death in 1956. Both of them belonged to the initiators of the Studentenkurier, an influential monthly for young German intellectuals and students.\nR\u00fchmkorf was awarded every important German award, including the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize, the Heinrich Heine Prize and the Erich K\u00e4stner Prize. R\u00fchmkorf was also among the four who were ever awarded with the Arno Schmidt Prize. His pseudonyms were Leo Doletzki, Leslie Maier, Johannes Fontara, Lyng, John Frieder, Hans-Werner Weber, Harry Flieder, and Hans Hingst.\nHis voice can be heard on: Fr\u00fcher, als wir die gro\u00dfen Str\u00f6me noch ... (suite for speaker and ensemble) with Dietmar Bonnen and Andreas Schilling. On stage and on record he was accompanied by jazz musicians Michael Naura on piano and Wolfgang Schl\u00fcter on vibes for more than 30 years.", "Q92200": "Paul Justin von Breitenbach (April 16, 1850 \u2013 March 10, 1930) was a Prussian politician and railway planner.\nBreitenbach was central to the building of the underground in Berlin, specifically the line between the city center and Berlin-Dahlem (today U3). The Breitenbachplatz in Dahlem was named after him in 1913.", "Q164578": "Adnan Oktar (born 2 February 1956), also known as Adnan Hoca, Harun Yahya & Sami Olcun, is a Turkish religious cult leader as well as an Islamic creationist. In 2007, he sent thousands of unsolicited copies of his book, The Atlas of Creation, which advocates Islamic creationism, to American scientists, members of Congress, and science museums. Oktar runs two organizations of which he is also the Honorary President: Bilim Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Vakf\u0131 (BAV, literally, \"Science Research Foundation\", established 1990), which promotes creationism and Milli De\u011ferleri Koruma Vakf\u0131 (literally, \"National Values Preservation Foundation\", established 1995) which works domestically on a variety of moral issues.In more recent years, Adnan Oktar has performed televangelism on his TV channel, A9 TV, which featured 'kittens', his female devotees. His organization is commonly referred to as a cult, and he has been described by VICE magazine as the \"most notorious cult leader in Turkey.\" Oktar filed more than 5,000 lawsuits against individuals for defamation from 2005 to 2015, which led to the blocking of a number of prominent websites in Turkey.\nOn 11 July 2018, Oktar and over 160 of his associates were detained and later arrested on charges including forming a criminal enterprise, financial fraud and sexual abuse. On 19 July 2019, his indictment was approved, with the first hearing scheduled for 17 September.", "Q196936": "The Parallax View is a 1974 American political thriller film produced and directed by Alan J. Pakula, and starring Warren Beatty, Hume Cronyn, William Daniels and Paula Prentiss. The screenplay by David Giler and Lorenzo Semple Jr. was based on the 1970 novel by Loren Singer. Robert Towne did an uncredited rewrite. The story concerns a reporter's investigation into a secretive organization, the Parallax Corporation, whose primary focus is political assassination.\nThe Parallax View is the second installment of Pakula's Political Paranoia trilogy, along with Klute (1971) and All the President's Men (1976). In addition to being the only film in the trilogy not to be distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, The Parallax View is also the only one of the three not to be nominated for an Academy Award.", "Q113928": "August Heinrich Ritter (German: [\u02c8\u0281\u026at\u0250]; 21 November 1791 \u2013 3 February 1869) was a German philosopher and historian of philosophy.\nHe was born at Zerbst, and studied philosophy and theology at G\u00f6ttingen and Berlin until 1815. In 1824 he became an associate professor of philosophy at Berlin, later transferring to Kiel, where he occupied the chair of philosophy from 1833 to 1837. He then accepted a similar position at the University of G\u00f6ttingen, where he remained till his death. Friedrich Schleiermacher was a major influence in his thinking.", "Q314033": "Harald Juhnke German pronunciation: ['ju\u02d0nk\u0259] (10 June 1929 \u2013 1 April 2005), real name Harry Heinz Herbert Juhnke, was a well-known German actor, comedian and entertainer.", "Q1075116": "Colby College is a private liberal arts college in Waterville, Maine. Approximately 1,800 students from more than 60 countries are enrolled annually. The college offers 54 major fields of study and 30 minors. It was founded in 1813 as the Maine Literary and Theological Institution until it was renamed after the city it resides in with Waterville College. The donations of Christian philanthropist Gardner Colby saw the institution renamed again to Colby University before concluding on its final and current title, reflecting its liberal arts college curriculum.\nLocated in central Maine, the 714-acre Neo-Georgian campus sits atop Mayflower Hill and overlooks downtown Waterville and the Kennebec River Valley. Along with fellow Maine institutions Bates College and Bowdoin College, Colby competes in the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium. Colby is ranked as the 11th best (tied) liberal arts in the country according to U.S. News & World Report and is ranked 61st among all institutions of higher learning according to Forbes.", "Q3401219": "Edward Gordon Douglas-Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn (20 June 1800 \u2013 31 March 1886), was a Scottish landowner in Wales, and a Conservative Party politician. He played a major part in the development of the Welsh slate industry.", "Q739": "Colombia ( (listen) k\u0259-LUM-bee-\u0259, -\u2060LOM-; Spanish: [ko\u02c8lombja] (listen)), officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de Colombia ), is a country largely situated in the north of South America, with land and territories in North America. Colombia is bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea, the northwest by Panama, the south by both Ecuador and Peru, the east by Venezuela, the southeast by Brazil, and the west by the Pacific. It comprises thirty-two departments, with the capital in Bogot\u00e1.\nColombia is ethnically and linguistically diverse, with its rich cultural heritage reflecting influences by various Amerindian civilizations, European settlement, forced African labor, and immigration from Europe and the greater Middle East. Urban centres are concentrated in the Andean highlands and the Caribbean coast.\nColombia has been inhabited by various American Indian peoples since at least 12,000 BCE, including the Muisca, Quimbaya, and the Tairona. Spaniards arrived in 1499 and by the mid-16th century annexed part of the region, establishing the New Kingdom of Granada, with Santaf\u00e9 de Bogot\u00e1 as its capital. Independence from Spain was achieved in 1819, but by 1830 the Gran Colombia Federation was dissolved, with what is now Colombia and Panama emerging as the Republic of New Granada. The new sovereign state experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation (1858), and then the United States of Colombia (1863), before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886. Panama seceded in 1903, leading to Colombia's present borders. Beginning in the 1960s, the country suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict and political violence, both of which escalated in the 1990s. Since 2005, there has been significant improvement in security, stability, and rule of law.Colombia has the second-highest biodiversity in the world and is one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries; its territory encompasses Amazon rainforest, highlands, grasslands, deserts, and islands and coastlines along both the Atlantic and Pacific (the only country in South America).\nColombia is the only NATO Global Partner in Latin America. It is part of the CIVETS group of leading emerging markets and a member of the UN, the WTO, the OAS, the Pacific Alliance, an associate member of Mercosur and other international organizations. Colombia's diversified economy is the third largest in South America, with macroeconomic stability and favorable long-term growth prospects.", "Q635578": "Charlie Collier (Charles Richard Collier, 1885 \u2013 1954) of Plumstead, London, was a British motorcycle racer famous for winning Isle of Man TT races twice in his career. After competing in the 1906 International Cup Races on the European continent, Charlie Collier became the first Isle of Man TT race winner in 1907.\nAlong with his brother Harry he raced Matchless motorcycles manufactured by his father's company, H.Collier & Sons.\nAfter setting a number of world motorcycle records on Matchless machines, Charlie Collier won another Isle of Man TT race in 1910 and later became the first competitor to be disqualified from a race for illegal refuelling. Charlie Collier later became a joint managing director of AJS and Matchless motorcycles and died in 1954.", "Q322581": "Alfred Gilbert Aronowitz (May 20, 1928 \u2013 August 1, 2005) was an American rock journalist best known for introducing Bob Dylan to The Beatles in 1964.\nAronowitz was born in Bordentown, New Jersey. A 1950 graduate of Rutgers University, Aronowitz became a journalist in the 1950s and his work in that decade included a 12-part series on the Beat Generation for the New York Post.Aronowitz was the original manager of The Velvet Underground, getting the band their first gig in the auditorium of the high school in Summit, New Jersey. The Velvet Underground stole Aronowitz's tape recorder and dumped him weeks later when they met Andy Warhol.Aronowitz introduced Bob Dylan to the Beatles in a New York City hotel room on August 28, 1964. According to his own journal entries, at this meeting he brought a marijuana joint which would be the first pot smoked by the Beatles.Aronowitz also claimed that Dylan wrote the song \u201cMr. Tambourine Man\u201d while staying in Aronowitz's Berkeley Heights, New Jersey home.He died of cancer in Elizabeth, New Jersey on August 1, 2005, at the age of 77. Aronowitz's son Myles is a photographer, often credited as the still photographer on feature film productions.Aronowitz's daughter, Brett, is a graphic designer, writer and illustrator.", "Q644381": "Edwin H. Kramer (born 19 April 1942) is a South African-English recording producer and engineer. He has collaborated with several artists now in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, including the Beatles, David Bowie, Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, the Kinks, Kiss, Led Zeppelin, the Rolling Stones, John Mellencamp, and Carlos Santana.\nKramer has engineered and/or produced records for other well-known artists in various genres. They include Anthrax, Joe Cocker, Loudness, Peter Frampton, John Mayall, Ten Years After, Mott the Hoople, John Sebastian, Carly Simon, Dionne Warwick, Small Faces, Sir Lord Baltimore and Whitesnake.\nKramer's film soundtrack credits include Blue Wild Angel: Live at the Isle of Wight, Festival Express, Jimi Plays Monterey, Jimi Plays Berkeley, Live at the Fillmore East, Mad Dogs and Englishmen, The Pursuit of Happiness, Rainbow Bridge, The Song Remains the Same, and Woodstock: Music from the Original Soundtrack and More. \nKramer was interviewed extensively in Jimi Hendrix: Hear My Train a Comin', a two-hour American Masters documentary which debuted in November 2013.\nHe is also a photographer who has exhibited a number of his intimate images of performers, particularly Hendrix, with whom he worked on Are You Experienced, Axis: Bold as Love, Electric Ladyland, Band of Gypsys, and The Cry of Love, as well as the posthumous Valleys of Neptune, People, Hell and Angels, Miami Pop Festival, and other releases produced through Experience Hendrix, the organization formed by Hendrix's heirs.", "Q16100": "Herrenberg is a town in the middle of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, about 30 km\nsouth of Stuttgart and 20 km from T\u00fcbingen. After Sindelfingen, B\u00f6blingen, and Leonberg, it is the fourth largest town in the district of B\u00f6blingen. The number of inhabitants of Herrenberg exceeded 20,000 in 1972 due to the incorporation of the following formerly independent municipalities:\n\nIn 1965 Affst\u00e4tt\nIn 1971 Haslach, Kayh, Kuppingen, and M\u00f6nchberg\nIn 1972 Oberjesingen\nIn 1975 G\u00fcltstein", "Q60096": "The Amazing Race is an American reality competition show in which typically eleven teams of two race around the world. The race is generally split into twelve legs, with each leg requiring teams to deduce clues, navigate themselves in foreign areas, interact with locals, perform physical and mental challenges, and vie for airplane, boat, taxi, and other public transportation options on a limited budget provided by the show. Teams are progressively eliminated at the end of most legs, while the first team to arrive at the end of the final leg wins the grand prize of US$1 million. As the original version of the Amazing Race franchise, the CBS program has been running since 2001. Numerous international versions have been developed following the same core structure, while the U.S. version is also broadcast to several other markets.\nThe show was created by Elise Doganieri and Bertram van Munster, who, along with Jonathan Littman, serve as executive producers. The show is produced by Earthview Inc. (headed by Doganieri and van Munster), Jerry Bruckheimer Television for CBS Television Studios and ABC Studios (a division of The Walt Disney Company). The series has been hosted by veteran New Zealand television personality Phil Keoghan since its inception.\nSince the inception of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program in 2003, The Amazing Race has won it ten out of fifteen times; the show has also won other awards and commendations. Although it has moved around several prime time slots since its inception, the program has averaged about 10 million viewers per season.The series was renewed for a 32nd and 33rd season, with the 32nd season set to debut on May 20, 2020, while filming for the 33rd season has been suspended due to the 2019\u201320 coronavirus pandemic.\n\n", "Q216156": "Hermann Marggraff (1809\u201364) was a German poet and humorous author. He was born at Z\u00fcllichau;Brandenburg, studied at Berlin; and, devoting himself to journalism, lived and wrote in Leipzig, Munich, Augsburg, and Frankfort, finally settling in Leipzig (1853) as editor of the Bl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr literarische Unterhaltung. He wrote the critical essay, Deutschlands J\u00fcngste Kultur- und Litteraturepoche (1839); several plays, e. g., Das T\u00e4ubchen von Amsterdam; humorous novels, including Justus und Chrysostomus, Gebr\u00fcder Pech (1840), Johannes Mackel (1841), and Fritz Beutel (1855), after the fashion of Baron Munchausen; a biography of Ernst Schulze (Leipzig, 1855); Schillers und K\u00e4rners Freundschaftsbund (1859); Gedichte (1857); Balladenchronik (1862).", "Q56063141": "Live at Tokyo Dome (stylized in all caps) is the sixth video album by Japanese heavy metal band Babymetal. The album contains footage from the Babymetal World Tour 2016: Legend Metal Resistance and was released on April 12, 2017 by BMD Fox Records and Toy's Factory. The album features the live performances at Tokyo Dome on September 19 and September 20, 2016, which concluded the band's world tour.", "Q161400": "Resident Evil: Apocalypse is a 2004 action horror film directed by Alexander Witt and written by Paul W. S. Anderson. A direct sequel to Resident Evil (2002), it is the second installment in the Resident Evil film series, which is loosely based on the video game series of the same name. The film marks Witt's feature directorial debut; Anderson, the director of the first film, turned down the job due to other commitments, though stayed on as one of its producers. Milla Jovovich reprises her role as Alice, and is joined by Sienna Guillory as Jill Valentine and Oded Fehr as Carlos Oliveira.\nResident Evil: Apocalypse is set directly after the events of the first film, where Alice escaped from an underground facility overrun by zombies. She now bands together with other survivors to escape the zombie outbreak which has spread to the nearby Raccoon City. The film borrows elements from several games in the Resident Evil series, such as the characters Valentine and Oliveira and the villain Nemesis. Filming took place in Toronto at locations including Toronto City Hall and Prince Edward Viaduct.\nResident Evil: Apocalypse received mostly negative reviews from critics who complained about the plot; however, the film garnered praise for its action sequences. It is the lowest-rated of the six films in the Resident Evil series on Rotten Tomatoes, with an approval rating of 20%. Earning $129 million worldwide on a $45 million budget, it surpassed the box office gross of the original film. It was followed by Resident Evil: Extinction in 2007.", "Q660237": "Alice in Wonderland is a 1999 made-for-television film adaptation of Lewis Carroll's books Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. It was first broadcast on NBC and then shown on British television on Channel 4.\nTina Majorino played the lead role of Alice and a number of well-known performers portrayed the eccentric characters whom Alice meets during the course of the story, including Ben Kingsley, Ken Dodd, Martin Short, Whoopi Goldberg, Peter Ustinov, Christopher Lloyd, Gene Wilder, Robbie Coltrane and Miranda Richardson.\nThe film won four Emmy Awards in the categories of costume design, makeup, music composition and visual effects.\n\n", "Q97378": "Jochen Horst (born 7 September 1961 in Osnabr\u00fcck) is a German film, TV and theater actor.\nHorst graduated in 1986 from the state Academy of Music and Performing Arts (Staatliche Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Darstellende Kunst) in Graz, Austria, with summa cum laude. Subsequently, Horst went to London to attend the Lee Strasberg Institute for two years, furthering his studies of Method Acting.\nTogether with Anne Bennent, Horst received the O.-E.-Hasse-Preis in 1986 for Best Newcomer of the Year. For his leading role in German TV series Balko, Horst was awarded with the Grimme-Preis for Best Actor in 1996.\nHorst lives in Spain with his family.", "Q1498057": "Geir R\u00f6nning (born 5 November 1962) is a professional singer-songwriter from \u00c5lesund, Norway. He later moved to the capital Oslo in the 1980s, and later on to Stockholm, Sweden, where he found opportunity to start a musical career. He later moved to Finland, which he represented in the Eurovision Song Contest in 2005. He returned to Norway in 2006 to try unsuccessfully to represent Norway in Eurovision through a joint song with Jorun Erdal. In 2010, he had a comeback trying to represent this time Finland in Eurovision. The same year he also took part in the Swedish Idol 2010, coming seventh.", "Q555552": "Gareth Thomas Rhys Emery (born 18 July 1980) is a British trance producer and DJ. He is best known for his three studio albums: Northern Lights, Drive and 100 Reasons to Live, and winning the prestigious A State of Trance Tune of the Year award three times.", "Q138575": "Stanley Calef Wilson (September 10, 1879 \u2013 October 5, 1967) was an American politician from Vermont. He served as the 56th Lieutenant Governor of Vermont from 1929 to 1931 and the 62nd Governor of Vermont from 1931 to 1935.\nA native of Orange, Vermont, Wilson graduated from Tufts University, studied law, attained admission to the bar, and became an attorney in Chelsea. He served in local offices, and was State's Attorney of Orange County for four years. He was Chairman of the Vermont Republican Party from 1914 to 1917. From 1915 to 1917, Wilson served in the Vermont House of Representatives, and he was Speaker of the House in 1917. From 1917 to 1923, Wilson was a judge on the Vermont Superior Court. He was president of the Vermont Bar Association from 1924 to 1925, and he served in the Vermont House again from 1925 to 1927. From 1927 to 1929, Wilson served in the Vermont Senate. He was Lieutenant Governor of Vermont from 1929 to 1931.\nIn 1930, Wilson was elected Governor of Vermont. He was reelected in 1932, and served from 1931 to 1935. After leaving office, he resumed practicing law and was involved in several business ventures. He died in Chelsea in 1967, and was buried at Highland Cemetery in Chelsea.", "Q214999": "Katia Mann (born Katharina Hedwig Pringsheim; July 24, 1883 \u2013 April 25, 1980) was the youngest child and only daughter (among four sons) of the German Jewish mathematician and artist Alfred Pringsheim and his wife Hedwig Pringsheim, who was an actress in Berlin before her marriage. Katia was also a granddaughter of the writer and women's rights activist Hedwig Dohm. Her twin brother Klaus Pringsheim was a conductor, composer, music writer and music pedagogue, active in Germany and Japan. She married the writer Thomas Mann.", "Q7880": "Toulouse (, too-LOOZ; French: [tuluz] (listen); Occitan: Tolosa [tu\u02c8luzo]; Latin: Tolosa [to\u02c8lo\u02d0sa]) is the capital of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the region of Occitanie. The city is on the banks of the River Garonne, 150 kilometres (93 miles) from the Mediterranean Sea, 230 km (143 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean and 680 km (420 mi) from Paris. It is the fourth-largest city in France, with 466,297 inhabitants as of January 2014. In France, Toulouse is called the \"Pink City\" (La Ville Rose).\nThe Toulouse Metro area, with 1,312,304 inhabitants as of 2014, is France's fourth-largest metropolitan area, after Paris, Lyon and Marseille, and ahead of Lille and Bordeaux.\nToulouse is the centre of the European aerospace industry, with the headquarters of Airbus (formerly EADS), the SPOT satellite system, ATR and the Aerospace Valley. It also hosts the European headquarters of Intel and CNES's Toulouse Space Centre (CST), the largest space centre in Europe. Thales Alenia Space, ATR, SAFRAN, Liebherr-Aerospace and Airbus Defence and Space also have a significant presence in Toulouse.\nThe University of Toulouse is one of the oldest in Europe (founded in 1229) and, with more than 103,000 students, it is the fourth-largest university campus in France, after the universities of Paris, Lyon and Lille.The air route between Toulouse\u2013Blagnac and Paris Orly is the busiest in Europe, transporting 2.4 million passengers in 2014. According to the rankings of L'Express and Challenges, Toulouse is the most dynamic French city.The city was the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom in the 5th century and the capital of the province of Languedoc in the Late Middle Ages and early modern period (provinces were abolished during the French Revolution), making it the unofficial capital of the cultural region of Occitania (Southern France). It is now the capital of the Occitanie region, the second largest region in Metropolitan France.\nA city with unique architecture made of pinkish terracotta bricks, which earned it the nickname la Ville Rose (\"the Pink City\"), Toulouse counts two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Canal du Midi (designated in 1996 and shared with other cities), and the Basilica of St. Sernin, the largest remaining Romanesque building in Europe, designated in 1998 because of its significance to the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage route.\n\n", "Q677993": "The University of South Africa (UNISA), known colloquially as Unisa, is the largest university system in South Africa by enrollment. It attracts a third of all higher education students in South Africa. Through various colleges and affiliates, UNISA has over 400,000 students, including international students from 130 countries worldwide, making it one of the world's mega universities and the only such university in Africa.\nAs a comprehensive university, Unisa offers both vocational and academic programmes, many of which have received international accreditation, as well as an extensive geographical footprint, giving their students recognition and employability in many countries the world over. The university lists many notable South Africans among its alumni, including two Nobel prize winners: Nelson Mandela, the first democratically elected president of South Africa and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.\n\n", "Q891827": "The Bombay Presidency, also known as Bombay and Sind from 1843 to 1936 and the Bombay Province, was an administrative subdivision (presidency) of British India. Headquartered in the city of Bombay, at its greatest extent, the presidency included the Konkan, Nashik and Pune divisions of the present-day Indian state of Maharashtra; Ahmedabad, Anand, Bharuch, Gandhinagar, Kheda, Panchmahal and Surat districts of the present-day state of Gujarat; Bagalkot, Belagavi, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gadag, and Uttara Kannada districts of the present-day state of Karnataka; the Sindh province of present-day Pakistan; the Aden Colony (part of present-day Yemen), and the Khuriya Muriya Islands (part of present-day Oman).\nThe Bombay Presidency was created when the city of Bombay was leased in fee tail to the East India Company by a Royal Charter from the King of England, Charles II, who had in turn acquired it on May 11, 1661, when his marriage treaty with Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal, placed the islands of Bombay in possession of the English Empire, as part of Catherine's dowry to Charles. The English East India Company transferred its Western India headquarters from Surat, its first colony in that region, to Bombay in 1687. The Presidency was brought under British Parliament control along with other parts of British India through Pitt's India Act. Major territorial acquisitions were made during the Anglo-Maratha Wars when the whole of the Peshwa's dominions and much of the Gaekwad's sphere of influence were annexed to the Bombay Presidency in different stages till 1818. Aden was annexed in 1839, while Sind was annexed by the Company in 1843 after defeating the Talpur dynasty in the Battle of Hyderabad and it was made a part of the Bombay Presidency.\nAt its greatest extent, the Bombay Presidency comprised the present-day state of Gujarat, the western two-thirds of Maharashtra state, including the regions of Konkan, Desh, and Kandesh, and northwestern Karnataka state of India; it also included Pakistan's Sindh Province (1847\u20131935) and Aden in Yemen (1839\u20131932). The districts and provinces of the presidency were directly under British rule, while the internal administration of the native or princely states was in the hands of local rulers. The presidency, however, managed the defence of princely states and British relations with them through political agencies. The Bombay Presidency along with the Bengal Presidency and Madras Presidency were the three major centres of British power.", "Q676455": "Miguel Joaqu\u00edn Diego del Carmen Serrano Fern\u00e1ndez, better known as Miguel Serrano (10 September 1917 \u2013 28 February 2009), was a Chilean diplomat, writer, occultist, and fascist activist. A Nazi sympathiser in the late 1930s and early 1940s, he later became a prominent figure in the neo-Nazi movement as an exponent of Esoteric Hitlerism.\nBorn to a wealthy Chilean family of European descent, Serrano was orphaned as a child and raised by his grandmother. After an education at the Internado Nacional Barros Arana, he developed an interest in writing and far-right politics, allying himself with the Chilean Nazi movement. During the Second World War, in which Chile remained neutral, Serrano campaigned in support of Nazi Germany and promoted anti-semitic conspiracy theories through his own fortnightly publication, La Nueva Edad. In 1942 he joined an occult order founded by a German migrant which combined pro-Nazi sentiment with ceremonial magic and kundalini yoga. It presented the Nazi German leader Adolf Hitler as a spiritual adept who had incarnated to Earth as a savior of the Aryan race and who would lead humanity out of a dark age known as the Kali Yuga. Serrano became convinced that Hitler had not died in 1945 but had secretly survived and was living in Antarctica. After visiting Antarctica, Serrano travelled to Germany and then Switzerland, where he met the novelist Hermann Hesse and psychoanalyst Carl Jung; in 1965 he published a reminiscence of his time with the pair.\nIn 1953 Serrano joined the Chilean diplomatic corps and was stationed in India until 1963, where he took a keen interest in Hinduism and wrote several books. He was later made ambassador to Yugoslavia and then Austria, and while in Europe made contacts with various former Nazis and other far-rightists living on the continent. Following Chile's election of a Marxist President, Salvador Allende, Serrano was dismissed from the diplomatic service in 1970. After Allende was ousted in a coup and Augusto Pinochet took power, Serrano returned to Chile in 1973. He became a prominent organiser in the Chilean neo-Nazi movement, holding annual celebrations of Hitler's birthday, organising a neo-Nazi rally in Santiago, and producing a neo-Nazi political manifesto. He wrote a trilogy of books on Hitler in which he outlined his view of the Nazi leader as an avatar. He remained in contact with neo-Nazis elsewhere in the world and gave interviews to various foreign far-right publications.\nIn 2008 Serrano was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award (Premio a la Trayectoria) from the Universidad Mayor of Santiago. After Savitri Devi, he has been considered the most prominent exponent of Esoteric Hitlerism within the neo-Nazi movement. In that movement, he gained respect for his devotion to the cause even among neo-Nazis who regarded his ideas as far-fetched.", "Q129478": "David Corn (born February 20, 1959) is an American political journalist, author, and the chief of the Washington bureau for Mother Jones. He has been Washington editor for The Nation and appeared regularly on FOX News, MSNBC, National Public Radio, and BloggingHeads.tv opposite various other media personalities.\nIn February 2013, he was named winner of the 2012 George Polk Award in journalism in the political reporting category for his video and reporting of the \"47 percent story,\" Republican nominee Mitt Romney's videoed meeting with donors during the 2012 presidential campaign.Corn has also written nonfiction and fiction books that generally deal with government and politics. Corn has also been a book reviewer. On one occasion, he criticized his own organization when Nation Books published the translation of a controversial French book on Osama bin Laden and the 9/11 attacks. Forbidden Truth: US-Taliban Secret Oil Diplomacy and the Failed Hunt for Bin Laden, by Jean-Charles Brisard and Guillaume Dasqui\u00e9, suggests that the attacks resulted from a breakdown in talks between the Taliban and the United States to run an oil pipeline through Afghanistan. Corn argued that publishing \"contrived conspiracy theories\" undermined the ability to expose actual governmental misbehavior.\n\n", "Q214741": "Carl Laufs (1858-1900) was a German playwright who concentrated largely on creating farces, notably the 1890 work Pension Sch\u00f6ller which he co-authored with Wilhelm Jacoby.", "Q62067345": "Everglow (\uc5d0\ubc84\uae00\ub85c\uc6b0, stylized as EVERGLOW) is a South Korean girl group under Yuehua Entertainment. The group is composed of six members: E:U, Sihyeon, Mia, Onda, Aisha, and Yiren. Everglow debuted on March 18, 2019, with the single album Arrival of Everglow.", "Q675174": "The Wei\u00dfensee Cemetery is a Jewish cemetery located in the neighborhood of Wei\u00dfensee in Berlin, Germany. It is the second largest Jewish cemetery in Europe. The cemetery covers approximately 42 ha (100 acres) and contains approximately 115,000 graves. It was dedicated in 1880.", "Q453679": "Caroline R\u00e9my de Guebhard (April 27, 1855 \u2013 April 24, 1929) was a French anarchist, journalist, and feminist best known under the pen name S\u00e9verine.\nAround 1880, Caroline R\u00e9my became involved with Jules Vall\u00e8s' socialist publication, Cri du Peuple. Vall\u00e8s eventually gave her control over the newspaper due to his poor health. A growing militant in her views, she became friends with fellow journalist and feminist, Marguerite Durand but following a confrontation with the Marxist Jules Guesde she left the newspaper in 1888. She continued writing for other papers in which she promoted women's emancipation and denounced social injustices of all kinds including the Dreyfus affair. In 1897, she began writing for Durand's feminist daily newspaper La Fronde.A staunch leftist, R\u00e9my backed some of the anarchist causes including the defense of Germaine Berton and participated in the 1927 efforts to save Sacco and Vanzetti. She supported the Russian Revolution of 1917 and in 1921 she joined the French Communist Party; however, only a few years later, she quit the party in order to maintain her membership in the Human Rights League.Bernard Lecache, a founding member of the Committee of Honor of International League Against Anti-Semitism (LICA), (now International League Against Racism and Anti-Semitism (LICRA)), wrote her biography. Her portrait was painted by Pierre-Auguste Renoir in 1885 and now hangs in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC.\n\nCaroline R\u00e9my died in 1929 at her home in Pierrefonds, Oise department in the Picardy region of France. Some of her papers can be found in the Biblioth\u00e8que Marguerite Durand in Paris.\nShortly before her death, she took part in the campaign to support the candidacy of Dr. Albert Besson, who was elected councilor of the district Saint-Fargeau, general counselor of the Seine then deputy chairman of the Council of Paris and the general council of the Seine. In 1933, in memory of S\u00e9verine, he had the Paris council vote for the attribution of the name \"S\u00e9verine\" to the square created at his initiative Porte de Bagnolet (Paris 20).\n\n", "Q3338199": "Neon Gold Records is a New York City-based boutique record label founded in 2008 by Derek Davies and Lizzy Plapinger.Initially operating as a vinyl-only singles label, Neon Gold has launched the debut releases and international careers of many acts including Passion Pit, Ellie Goulding, Marina and the Diamonds, Gotye, The Naked & Famous, Icona Pop, Charli XCX, and Tove Lo. Beyond their own roster, Neon Gold are often credited with the discovery and initial support of a number of other successful artists including Vampire Weekend, Lana Del Rey, CHVRCHES, Grouplove and Walk the Moon.", "Q17151258": "Soul Temple Records is an American record label founded in 2012 by hip hop recording artist RZA and Bob Perry after the release of the RZA directed The Man with the Iron Fists. The label's first release was that album's soundtrack. The label has since released studio albums by Wu-Tang Clan members Ghostface Killah and U-God. All albums released on the label are executive produced by RZA.", "Q241026": "Ab\u016b \u2018Abd All\u0101h Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Ism\u0101\u2018\u012bl ibn Ibr\u0101h\u012bm ibn al-Mugh\u012brah ibn Bardizbah al-Ju\u2018f\u012b al-Bukh\u0101r\u012b (Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0632\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u200e\u200e; 21 July 810 \u2013 1 September 870), or Bukh\u0101r\u012b (Persian: \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200e), commonly referred to as Imam al-Bukhari or Imam Bukhari, was a Persian Islamic scholar who was born in Bukhara (the capital of the Bukhara Region (viloyat) of what is now Uzbekistan). He authored the hadith collection known as Sahih al-Bukhari, regarded by Sunni Muslims as one of the most authentic (sahih) hadith collections. He also wrote other books such as Al-Adab al-Mufrad.", "Q172332": "Giorgio Bassi (born 20 January 1934 in Milan) is a former Formula One driver from Italy who raced in the 1965 Italian Grand Prix for the Scuderia Centro Sud team. He was also a regular participant in Italian Formula 3 and took a class win in the 1965 Targa Florio in a 1-litre ASA Prototype.\n\n", "Q711": "Mongolia (Mongolian: \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b \u0423\u043b\u0441, Traditional Mongolian: Mong\u03b3ol ulus) is a landlocked country in East Asia and Central Asia. Its area is roughly equivalent with the historical territory of Outer Mongolia, and that term is sometimes used to refer to the current state. It is sandwiched between Russia to the north and China to the south, where it neighbours the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, although only 37 kilometres (23 mi) separate them.\nAt 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 sq mi), Mongolia is the 18th-largest and the most sparsely populated sovereign state in the world, with a population of around three million people. It is also the world's second-largest landlocked country behind Kazakhstan and the largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea. The country contains very little arable land, as much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 45% of the country's population. Ulaanbaatar also shares the rank of the world's coldest capital city with Moscow, Ottawa, and Nur-Sultan.Approximately 30% of the population is nomadic or semi-nomadic; horse culture is still integral. The majority of its population are Buddhists. The non-religious population is the second-largest group. Islam is the dominant religion among ethnic Kazakhs. The majority of the state's citizens are of Mongol ethnicity, although Kazakhs, Tuvans, and other minorities also live in the country, especially in the west. Mongolia joined the World Trade Organization in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional economic and trade groups.The area of what is now Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Rouran, the Turkic Khaganate, and others. In 1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous land empire in history. His grandson Kublai Khan conquered China to establish the Yuan dynasty. After the collapse of the Yuan, the Mongols retreated to Mongolia and resumed their earlier pattern of factional conflict, except during the era of Dayan Khan and Tumen Zasagt Khan.\nIn the 16th century, Tibetan Buddhism began to spread in Mongolia, being further led by the Manchu-founded Qing dynasty, which absorbed the country in the 17th century. By the early 1900s, almost one-third of the adult male population were Buddhist monks. After the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1911, Mongolia declared independence, and achieved actual independence from the Republic of China in 1921. Shortly thereafter, the country came under the control of the Soviet Union, which had aided its independence from China. In 1924, the Mongolian People's Republic was founded as a socialist state. After the anti-Communist revolutions of 1989, Mongolia conducted its own peaceful democratic revolution in early 1990. This led to a multi-party system, a new constitution of 1992, and transition to a market economy.\nMongolia is a member of the United Nations, Asia Cooperation Dialogue, G77, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, Non-Aligned Movement and NATO global partner.", "Q93136": "Jean-Paul Delahaye (born 29 June 1952 in Saint-Mand\u00e9 Seine) is a French computer scientist and mathematician.\n\n", "Q373080": "Adrian Curtis Gurvitz (; born 26 June 1949) is an English singer, songwriter, musician and record producer. His prolific songwriting ability has gained him hits on the Grammy Award-winning soundtrack The Bodyguard, Eddie Money\u2019s No. 1 Billboard Mainstream Rock Charts single \"The Love in Your Eyes\", and with his own song \"Classic\", a No. 8 UK hit single, as well as the Top 10 UK Rock Chart single \"Race with the Devil\", with his band The Gun. His early bands The Gun, Three Man Army, and The Baker Gurvitz Army were major influences to the first wave of the British hard rock circuit. Gurvitz also gained notability as a lead guitarist, known for his intricate, hard-driving solos. Gurvitz was placed at No. 9 by Chris Welch of Melody Maker\u2019s \"Best Guitarist in the World\" list.", "Q1544666": "Curtis Alan Jones (born April 26, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. His style of house and techno music has been compared to and inspired by the likes of Kraftwerk, Prince, Gary Numan, and Nitzer Ebb.\nJones is also known as Cajmere, Geo Vogt, Green Velvet, Half Pint, Curan Stone, and Gino Vittori.", "Q517749": "Andr\u00e9 Chapelon (26 October 1892 \u2013 22 July 1978) was a noted French mechanical engineer and designer of advanced steam locomotives. A graduate engineer of Ecole Centrale Paris, he was one of very few locomotive designers who brought a rigorous scientific method to their design, and he sought to apply up-to-date theories and knowledge in subjects such as thermodynamics, and gas and fluid flow. Chapelon's work was an early example of what would later be called modern steam, and influenced the work of many later designers of those locomotives, such as Livio Dante Porta.", "Q11647": "Nine Inch Nails, commonly abbreviated as NIN (stylized as NI\u0418), is an American industrial rock band formed in 1988 in Cleveland, Ohio. Singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and producer Trent Reznor was the only permanent member of the band until the official addition of English musician Atticus Ross in 2016.\nReznor recorded the band's debut album, Pretty Hate Machine (1989), while working overnight as a janitor at a Cleveland recording studio. After feuding with the label TVT Records about promotion, Reznor signed with Interscope Records and released the EP Broken (1992). The following albums, The Downward Spiral (1994) and The Fragile (1999), were released to critical acclaim and commercial success.\nFollowing a hiatus, Nine Inch Nails resumed touring in 2005 and released their fourth album, With Teeth (2005). Following the release of Year Zero (2007), Reznor left Interscope after a feud. Nine Inch Nails continued touring and independently released Ghosts I\u2013IV (2008) and The Slip (2008) before a second hiatus. Their eighth album, Hesitation Marks (2013), was followed by a trilogy consisting of the EPs Not the Actual Events (2016) and Add Violence (2017) and their ninth album Bad Witch (2018). In 2020, Nine Inch Nails released two further installments in the Ghosts series, Ghosts V: Together and Ghosts VI: Locusts.\nReznor and Ross typically assemble a live band to perform with them. Not including sporadic band hiatuses, the band has varied over the decades, with the most recent lineup consisting of Robin Finck (initially joined in 1994), Alessandro Cortini (initially joined in 2005), and Ilan Rubin (initially joined in 2009). Nine Inch Nails concerts since 2005 often employ thematic visual elements, extensive use of special effects, and elaborate light shows; songs are often rearranged for performance, and elements of songs that are not scheduled to be performed in their entirety are occasionally assimilated into other songs.\nNine Inch Nails have sold over 20 million records and have been nominated for 13 Grammy Awards, winning for the songs \"Wish\" (1992) and \"Happiness in Slavery\" (1996). In 1997, Time named Reznor one of the most influential people, and Spin has described him as \"the most vital artist in music\". In 2004, Rolling Stone placed Nine Inch Nails at No. 94 on its list of the 100 greatest artists of all time. They were nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014 (their first year of eligibility), nominated again in 2015, and are scheduled for induction in 2020.", "Q83325": "Pamela Denise Anderson (born July 1, 1967) is a Canadian actress, model and animal rights activist. Anderson is best known for her appearances in Playboy magazine and for her work on the television series Home Improvement, Baywatch, and V.I.P..\nShe initially rose to fame after being selected as the February 1990 Playmate of the Month for Playboy magazine. Anderson went on to frequent appearances on the magazine's cover, holding the record of the most Playboy covers by any person.She became known to a wider audience in 1991, appearing as a recurring character, Lisa, on the award-winning ABC comedy series Home Improvement for its first two seasons. She received international recognition for her starring role as C. J. Parker in the action-drama television series Baywatch, further cementing her status as a sex symbol.Anderson has appeared in films such as Raw Justice (1994), Barb Wire (1996), and Blonde and Blonder (2008). She was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in 2006.Anderson is a prominent activist for the animal rights movement and has conducted campaigns condemning the commercial fur industry and promoting veganism through the animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA).", "Q552215": "James Beeland Rogers Jr. (born October 19, 1942) is an American investor and financial commentator based in Singapore. Rogers is the Chairman of Beeland Interests, Inc. He was the co-founder of the Quantum Fund and Soros Fund Management. He was also the creator of the Rogers International Commodities Index (RICI).\nRogers does not consider himself a member of any school of economic thought, but has acknowledged that his views best fit the label of the Austrian School of economics.", "Q97350": "Georg Schramm (born 11 March 1949) is a German psychologist and Kabarett artist. He was a host of the Kabarett shows Scheibenwischer and Neues aus der Anstalt.", "Q9885": "Coimbatore (), also known as Kovai and Koyamuthur, is a major city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the banks of the Noyyal River and surrounded by the Western Ghats. Coimbatore is the second largest city in Tamil Nadu after Chennai and the 16th largest urban agglomeration in India. It is administered by the Coimbatore Municipal Corporation and is the administrative capital of Coimbatore district.\nThe city is one of the largest exporters of jewellery, wet grinders, poultry and auto components; the \"Coimbatore Wet Grinder\" and the \"Kovai Cora Cotton\" are recognised as Geographical Indications by the Government of India.\nCoimbatore was part of Kongu Nadu during the Sangam period between c. 1st and the 4th centuries CE and was ruled by the Cheras as it served as the eastern entrance to the Palakkad Gap, the principal trade route between the west coast (Kerala) and Tamil Nadu). Coimbatore was located along the ancient trade route that extended from Muziris to Arikamedu in South India. The medieval Cholas conquered the Kongu Nadu in the 10th century CE. The region was ruled by Vijayanagara Empire in the 15th century followed by the Nayaks who introduced the Palayakkarar system under which Kongu Nadu region was divided into 24 Palayams. In the later part of the 18th century, the Coimbatore region came under the Kingdom of Mysore and following the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Anglo-Mysore Wars, the British East India Company annexed Coimbatore to the Madras Presidency in 1799. The Coimbatore region played a prominent role in the Second Poligar War (1801) when it was the area of operations of Dheeran Chinnamalai.\nIn 1804, Coimbatore was established as the capital of the newly formed Coimbatore district and in 1866 it was accorded municipality status with Robert Stanes as its chairman. 24 November used to be Coimbatore Day, say those familiar with the history of Coimbatore. The city experienced a textile boom in the early 19th century due to the decline of the cotton industry in Mumbai. Post independence, Coimbatore has seen rapid growth due to industrialisation. Coimbatore was ranked the best emerging city in India by India Today in the 2014 annual Indian city survey. The city was ranked fourth among Indian cities in investment climate by Confederation of Indian Industry and 17th among the top global outsourcing cities by Tholons. Coimbatore has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission. Coimbatore was rated as one of the safest cities in India for women according to National Crime Records Bureau report in 2015.", "Q298035": "Adolfo Bioy Casares (Spanish pronunciation: [a\u02c8\u00f0olfo \u02c8\u03b2joi ka\u02c8sa\u027ees]; September 15, 1914 \u2013 March 8, 1999) was an Argentine fiction writer, journalist, and translator. He was a friend and frequent collaborator with his fellow countryman Jorge Luis Borges, and is the author of the fantastic fiction novel The Invention of Morel.", "Q449621": "Tatsuya Nakadai (\u4ef2\u4ee3 \u9054\u77e2, Nakadai Tatsuya, born Motohisa Nakadai; December 13, 1932) is a Japanese film actor famous for the wide variety of characters he has portrayed and many collaborations with famous Japanese film directors.He was featured in 11 films directed by Masaki Kobayashi, including The Human Condition trilogy, wherein he starred as the lead character Kaji, plus Harakiri, Samurai Rebellion and Kwaidan.\nNakadai worked with a number of Japan's best-known filmmakers\u2014starring or co-starring in five films directed by Akira Kurosawa, as well as being cast in significant films directed by Hiroshi Teshigahara (The Face of Another), Mikio Naruse (When a Woman Ascends the Stairs), Kihachi Okamoto (Kill! and The Sword of Doom), Hideo Gosha (Goyokin), Shir\u014d Toyoda (Portrait of Hell) and Kon Ichikawa (Enj\u014d and Odd Obsession).", "Q2556732": "The Invisible Man is a six-part television serial based on the science fiction/fantasy novella by H. G. Wells, screened by the BBC in the UK throughout September and October 1984. It was produced as part of the BBC 1 Classic Serial strand, which incorporated numerous television adaptations of classic novels screened in serial form on Sunday afternoons. Out of all the numerous film and TV versions of H. G. Wells' book, this remains to date the most faithful to the original text. The series was adapted by James Andrew Hall and directed by Brian Lighthill.", "Q275383": "Phyllis Hannah Murray-Hill (n\u00e9e Bickle; 18 February 1915 \u2013 8 October 2002), known professionally as Phyllis Calvert, was an English film, stage and television actress. She was one of the leading stars of the Gainsborough melodramas of the 1940s such as The Man in Grey (1943) and was one of the most popular movie stars in Britain in the 1940s. She continued acting until some 50 years later.In the words of one account: \"Most of the time she drew what looked like the short straw, playing the 'good girl' in films that revelled in the exploits of her wicked opposite number, and it says much for her talent and charisma that she was able to hold attention in what must have seemed thankless parts \u2013 she herself acknowledged that 'I do think it is much more difficult to establish a really charming, nice person than a wicked one \u2013 and make it real'.\"", "Q119593": "Loredana \"Lory\" Del Santo (born 28 September 1958) is an Italian actress, model and television celebrity.", "Q495992": "Le Cordon Bleu [l\u0259 k\u0254\u0281d\u0254\u0303 bl\u00f8] (French for \"The Blue Ribbon\") is an international chain of hospitality and culinary schools teaching French cuisine. Its educational focuses are hospitality management, culinary arts, and gastronomy. The institution consists of 35 institutes in 20 countries and has over 20,000 students of many different nationalities.", "Q361484": "Ashley Alan Cooper (11 July 1980 \u2013 25 February 2008) was an Australian race car driver. Cooper died from severe head and internal injuries after a high-speed racing accident. Preliminary investigation suggests that his car may have clipped a guard rail at over 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph) at the Clipsal 500 meeting in Adelaide.", "Q502422": "Andrey Romanov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, born 10 July 1979 in Moscow) is a Russian auto racing driver and director of MTV/NRG.", "Q203215": "Max von Sydow (; Swedish pronunciation: [f\u0254n \u02c8sy\u030c\u02d0d\u0254v] (listen) born Carl Adolf von Sydow; 10 April 1929 \u2013 8 March 2020) was a Swedish actor. He had a 70-year career in European and American cinema, television and theatre, appearing in more than 150 films and several television series in multiple languages. He lived in France for the last decades of his life and became a French citizen.\nCapable in roles ranging from stolid, contemplative protagonists to sardonic artists and menacing, often gleeful villains, von Sydow was best known for playing the 14th-century knight Antonius Block in Ingmar Bergman's The Seventh Seal (1957), which features iconic scenes of his character challenging Death to a game of chess. He appeared in a total of 11 films directed by Bergman, among which were The Virgin Spring (1960) and Through a Glass Darkly (1961), both winners of the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. He starred in a third winner, Bille August's Pelle the Conqueror (1987), a quarter-century later.\nVon Sydow made his American film debut as Jesus Christ in George Stevens's The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965) and had major parts in the title role in William Friedkin's The Exorcist (1973), and in Sydney Pollack's Three Days of the Condor (1975), David Lynch's Dune (1984), Woody Allen's Hannah and Her Sisters (1986), Penny Marshall's Awakenings (1990), Steven Spielberg's Minority Report (2002), Julian Schnabel's The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (2007), Martin Scorsese's Shutter Island (2010) and Ridley Scott's Robin Hood (2010). He later appeared in Star Wars: The Force Awakens as Lor Sen Tekka and in HBO's Game of Thrones as the Three-eyed Raven, for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.\nDuring his career, von Sydow received two Academy Award nominations for his performances in Pelle the Conqueror (1987) and Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (2011). He received the Royal Foundation of Sweden's Cultural Award in 1954, was made a Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres in 2005 and was named a Chevalier de la L\u00e9gion d'honneur on 17 October 2012.", "Q307701": "Abdal\u00e1 Jaime Bucaram Ortiz ( (listen) ahb-d\u0259-LAH buu-k\u0259-RAHM; Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0645\u200e; born February 20, 1952) is an Ecuadorian politician and lawyer who was President of Ecuador from August 10, 1996, to February 6, 1997. As President, Abdal\u00e1 Bucaram was nicknamed \"El Loco Que Ama\" (\"The Madman That Loves,\" a nickname he himself championed) and was removed from office after being declared mentally unfit to rule by the National Congress of Ecuador. February 12, 1997. Bucaram and his followers claim that all cases against him have been dismissed. After having lived in Panama under political asylum, he returned to Ecuador in 2017 when the charges against him expired.\n\n", "Q131579": "Pope Urban VIII (Latin: Urbanus VIII; baptised 5 April 1568 \u2013 29 July 1644) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death in 1644. He expanded the papal territory by force of arms and advantageous politicking, and was also a prominent patron of the arts and a reformer of Church missions.\nHowever, the massive debts incurred during his pontificate greatly weakened his successors, who were unable to maintain the papacy's longstanding political and military influence in Europe. He was also an opponent of Copernicanism and involved in the Galileo affair.", "Q274923": "Meredith Dawn Salenger (born March 14, 1970) is an American actress and voice artist. She is best known for her title role in Disney's 1985 film The Journey of Natty Gann and the 1989 teen comedy Dream a Little Dream.", "Q409563": "Aische Pervers (born 22 April 1986, in Kleve) is a German pornographic actress, presenter, singer and actress.\n\n", "Q2706817": "Peter Struycken (born 5 January 1939 in The Hague) is a Dutch artist, and the brother of actor Carel Struycken. He won the 2012 Heineken Prize for Arts from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.", "Q328084": "Michael Craig Ruppert (February 3, 1951 \u2013 April 13, 2014) was an American writer and musician, Los Angeles Police Department officer, investigative journalist, political activist, and peak oil awareness advocate known for his 2004 book Crossing The Rubicon: The Decline of the American Empire at the End of the Age of Oil.From 1999 until 2006, Ruppert edited and published From The Wilderness, a newsletter and website covering a range of topics including international politics, the CIA, peak oil, civil liberties, drugs, economics, corruption and the nature of the 9/11 conspiracy. It attracted 22,000 subscribers.Ruppert was the subject of the 2009 documentary film Collapse, which is based on his book A Presidential Energy Policy and received The New York Times' \"critics pick\". He served as president of Collapse Network, Inc. from early 2010 until he resigned in May 2012. He also hosted The Lifeboat Hour on Progressive Radio Network until his death in 2014.In 2014, Vice featured Ruppert in a 6-part series titled Apocalypse, Man, and a tribute album, Beyond the Rubicon was released by the band New White Trash, of which he had been a member.\n\n", "Q91047": "Franz Xaver Dorsch (24 December 1899 \u2013 8 November 1986) was a German civil engineer who became the chief engineer of the Organisation Todt (OT), a civil and military engineering group in Nazi Germany that was responsible for a huge range of engineering projects at home and in the territories occupied by the Germans during the Second World War. He played a leading role in many of the Third Reich's biggest engineering projects, including the construction of the Siegfried Line (Westwall), the Atlantic Wall and numerous other fortifications in Germany and occupied Europe. Following the war, he founded the Dorsch Consult consulting engineering company in Wiesbaden.", "Q34389": "Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 \u2013 February 11, 2012) was an American singer and actress. She was cited as the most awarded female artist of all time by Guinness World Records and remains one of the best-selling music artists of all time with 200 million records sold worldwide. Houston released seven studio albums and two soundtrack albums, all of which have been certified diamond, multi-platinum, platinum, or gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Her crossover appeal on the popular music charts as well as her prominence on MTV influenced several female African-American female artists.\nHouston began singing in church as a child and became a background vocalist while in high school. With the guidance of Arista Records chairman Clive Davis, she signed to the label at the age of 19. Her first two studio albums, Whitney Houston (1985) and Whitney (1987), both reached number one on the Billboard 200 and were among the world's best-selling albums of all time. She remains the only artist to have seven consecutive number-one singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, from \"Saving All My Love for You\" in 1985 to \"Where Do Broken Hearts Go\" in 1988.\nHouston made her screen acting debut in the romantic thriller film The Bodyguard (1992). She recorded six songs for the film's soundtrack, including \"I Will Always Love You\", which received the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and became the best-selling single by a woman in music history. The soundtrack album received the Grammy Award for Album of the Year; it remains the best-selling soundtrack album in history. Houston starred and recorded soundtracks for two other high-profile films, Waiting to Exhale (1995) and The Preacher's Wife (1996), with the latter's soundtrack becoming the best-selling gospel album in history.\nFollowing the critical and commercial success of My Love Is Your Love (1998), Houston renewed her contract with Arista for $100 million. However, her personal struggles began overshadowing her career, and the album Just Whitney (2002) received mixed reviews. Her drug use and a tumultuous marriage to Bobby Brown were widely publicized in media. After a six-year break from recording, Houston returned to the top of the Billboard 200 chart with her final studio album, I Look to You (2009). On February 11, 2012, Houston was found dead at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California. The coroner's report showed that she had accidentally drowned in the bathtub, with heart disease and cocaine use as contributing factors. News of her death coincided with the 2012 Grammy Awards and was featured prominently in international media.", "Q1027678": "Calvin Hoffman (1906 \u2013 February 1986), born Leo Hochman in Brooklyn, NY, was an American theater critic, press agent and writer who popularized in his 1955 book The murder of the man Who Was Shakespeare the Marlovian theory that playwright Christopher Marlowe was the actual author of the works attributed to William Shakespeare. Like other alternate Shakespearean authorship theories, Hoffman's claims have been largely dismissed by mainstream Shakespearean scholars.", "Q753819": "Atavistic Records is an American record label based in Chicago, Illinois, known for its no wave and free jazz recordings.\nAtavistic has released albums by Glenn Branca, Nels Cline, Lydia Lunch, Peter Br\u00f6tzmann, Ken Vandermark, Pinetop Seven, Swans, Elliott Sharp, Larry Ochs, Mars, Davey Williams, Brian Harnetty, Zeena Parkins, and Poem Rocket, among others. The label was founded in Columbus, Ohio in 1985 by Kurt Kellison as a video label producing live VHS recordings by bands such as Live Skull and The Flaming Lips. The label was relocated when Kellison moved to Chicago in 1988.Atavistic's Unheard Music Series imprint focuses on the reissuing of out-of-print free improvisation/ avant-garde jazz recordings.", "Q348770": "Dumitru Gheorghe Mircea Co\u015fea (born June 9, 1942) is a Romanian politician, economist, diplomat, essayist, journalist and professor. A former member of the Party of Social Democracy (PDSR) until June 1997, he joined Teodor Mele\u015fcanu and Iosif Boda in creating the short-lived Alliance for Romania (Alian\u0163a pentru Rom\u00e2nia, ApR) party, which merged into the National Liberal Party (PNL) in 2002. In 1999, Co\u015fea was among the members of Varujan Vosganian's grouping, the Union of Right-wing Forces (Uniunea For\u0163elor de Dreapta, UFD), which also joined the PNL.\nCo\u015fea has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies for Constan\u0163a County in 1996-2000 (with the PDSR group in 1996-1997, as an independent in 1997-2000) and for Olt County, with the Justice and Truth alliance group, from 2004. With the accession of Romania to the European Union on January 1, 2007, became a Member of the European Parliament with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. In March 2007, he resigned from the PNL and, as an independent MEP, joined the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty (ITS) group inside the European Parliament.\nHe is a Professor at the Faculty of General Economics, part of the Academy of Economic Studies (ASE), and at the Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University (UCDC), being head of the UCDC's Department of European Integration. He is also a regular contributor to S\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na Financiar\u0103.\nCo\u015fea is married, and has fathered a daughter (born in 1970).", "Q8225": "Ravensburg is a Landkreis (district) in the southeast of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from southwest clockwise) Bodensee, Sigmaringen and Biberach, the Bavarian urban district Memmingen and the districts Unterallg\u00e4u, Oberallg\u00e4u and Lindau.", "Q631050": "Chickenfoot is a rock supergroup formed in 2008. The group consists of vocalist Sammy Hagar (ex\u2013Van Halen and Montrose), bassist Michael Anthony (also ex\u2013Van Halen), guitarist Joe Satriani, and drummer Chad Smith (Red Hot Chili Peppers). Due to Smith's consistent recording and touring commitments to the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Kenny Aronoff joined the group in 2011 as a touring replacement drummer. While the band has not formally announced a breakup, in June 2016 Smith said that he had doubts about its survival due to their busy schedules.\nThe group has released two studio albums, one live album and one box set.\nWhile the band's name and logo are a disparaging term for the peace symbol, the \"footprint of the chicken,\" bassist Michael Anthony asserts that the name originated from initial jam sessions between Hagar, Smith, and himself: \"[T]here are three talons on a chicken's foot and there [were] three of us.\" Anthony later stated: \"[I]t was just supposed to be a bullshit name that we'd used for a while, and then [when] the rumors spread about the band, everybody used that name so we thought, '[F]uck it, let's call it Chickenfoot'\u2014it all comes down to the music anyway.\" Chickenfoot's second studio album, Chickenfoot III, was released on September 27, 2011.", "Q215311": "Henry Anatole Grunwald (December 3, 1922 \u2013 February 26, 2005) was an Austrian-born American journalist and diplomat. He was best known for his position as managing editor of TIME magazine and editor in chief of Time, Inc. \nIn 2001, he was awarded the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class.", "Q1857293": "The Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese: Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro, PUC-Rio) is a Catholic pontifical university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the joint responsibility of the Catholic Archdiocese of S\u00e3o Sebasti\u00e3o do Rio de Janeiro and the Society of Jesus. In 2019, PUC-Rio was ranked as the fourth best university in Latin America by Times Higher Education magazine.", "Q660579": "Horgen District is a district of Canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. The district is located in the Zimmerberg and Sihl Valley region; its capital is the town of Horgen. The district consists of 11 municipalities and has a population of 124,801 (as of 31 December 2018) and an area of 104.16 km2 (40.22 sq mi).", "Q7116": "Altwis is a municipality in the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q1328295": "Paul-Louis Halley (16 September 1934 \u2013 6 December 2003) was a French businessman who co-founded the retail company Promod\u00e8s, which later merged with Carrefour. Much of his fortune came from his 11% stakeholding in Carrefour. He was estimated to have a fortune of \u00a32.2bn, putting him at 104th on the Forbes World's Richest People list in 2003. He died in a plane crash in 2003.\nPaul-Louis Halley founded the retail company Promod\u00e8s in 1961, along with his father and brother. The company merged with Carrefour in 1999, with Halley as the principal shareholder.", "Q124612": "Creature from the Black Lagoon is a 1954 American black-and-white 3D monster horror film from Universal-International, produced by William Alland, directed by Jack Arnold, that stars Richard Carlson, Julie Adams, Richard Denning, Antonio Moreno, Nestor Paiva and Whit Bissell. The Creature was played by Ben Chapman on land and by Ricou Browning underwater. The film premiered in Detroit on February 12 and was released on a regional basis, opening on various dates.\nCreature from the Black Lagoon was filmed in 3D and originally projected by the polarized light method. The audience wore viewers with gray polarizing filters, similar to the viewers most commonly used today. Because the brief 1950s 3D film fad had peaked in mid-1953 and was fading fast in early 1954, many audiences actually saw the film \"flat\", in 2D. Typically, the film was shown in 3D in large downtown theaters and flat in smaller neighborhood theaters. In 1975 Creature from the Black Lagoon was re-released to theaters in the inferior red-and-blue-glasses anaglyph 3D format, which was also used for a 1980 home video release on Beta and VHS videocassettes.For marketing reasons, a comedic appearance with Abbott and Costello on an episode of The Colgate Comedy Hour aired prior to the film's release. The appearance is commonly known as Abbott and Costello Meet the Creature from the Black Lagoon. Ben Chapman reprised his role as the Gill-Man for the program.Creature from the Black Lagoon generated two sequels: Revenge of the Creature (1955), which was also filmed and released in 3D in hopes of reviving the format, and The Creature Walks Among Us (1956), filmed in 2D. The Creature, also known as the Gill-man, is usually counted among the classic Universal Monsters.", "Q1440414": "Chris Cross (born Christopher Thomas Allen, 14 July 1952, Tottenham, London, England) is an English musician, best known as the bass guitarist in the new wave band Ultravox.", "Q663070": "Marshal of the Royal Air Force Charles Frederick Algernon Portal, 1st Viscount Portal of Hungerford, (21 May 1893 \u2013 22 April 1971) was a senior Royal Air Force officer. He served as a bomber pilot in the First World War, and rose to become first a flight commander and then a squadron commander, flying light bombers on the Western Front. \nIn the early stages of the Second World War he was commander-in-chief of Bomber Command. He was an advocate of strategic area bombing against German industrial areas, and viewed it as a war winning strategy. In October 1940 he was made Chief of the Air Staff, and remained in this post for the rest of the war. During his time as Chief he continuously supported the strategic bombing offensive against Germany, and advocated the formation of the Pathfinder Force, critical to improving the destructive force of Bomber Command. He fended off attempts by the Royal Navy to take command over RAF Coastal Command, and resisted attempts by the British Army to establish their own Army Air Arm. Portal retired from the RAF following the end of the war. He served as Controller of Production (Atomic Energy) at the Ministry of Supply for six years. Portal was then made chairman of British Aluminium. He was unsuccessful in fending off a hostile takeover of British Aluminum by Sir Ivan Stedeford's Tube Investments, in what was known as the \"Aluminium War\". Afterward he served as chairman of the British Aircraft Corporation.", "Q57174": "Franz Halder (30 June 1884 \u2013 2 April 1972) was a German general and the chief of staff of the Army High Command (OKH) in Nazi Germany from 1938 until September 1942 who, after World War II, had a decisive role in the development of the myth of the clean Wehrmacht. He directed the planning and implementation of Operation Barbarossa, the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union. Halder became instrumental in the radicalisation of warfare on the Eastern Front. He had his staff draft both the Commissar Order (issued on 6 June 1941) and the Barbarossa Decree (signed on 13 May 1941) that allowed German soldiers to execute Soviet citizens for any reason without fear of later prosecution, leading to numerous war crimes and atrocities during the campaign.\nHalder joined the Imperial German Army in a unit under the command of his father and served in World War I (1914\u20131918). In 1937 he met and became a loyal supporter of Adolf Hitler. Halder participated in the strategic planning for the 1939 German invasion of Poland. The plans authorised the SS to carry out security tasks on behalf of the army that included the imprisonment or execution of Poles.\nAt the end of 1939, Halder oversaw the development of the invasion plans of France, the Low Countries, and the Balkans. In August 1940 he began planning for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, which began on 22 June 1941. That summer Halder engaged in a long-running and divisive dispute with Hitler over strategy.\nThe Barbarossa Decree and Commissar Order became fundamental during the Battle for Moscow in the winter of 1941\u20131942. By this time thousands of Soviet civilians and prisoners-of-war in the already-occupied areas of the Soviet Union were being murdered every day. Halder's strategy failed, leading to unprecedented Wehrmacht losses. Hitler removed Halder from command and retired him in September 1942. The Gestapo arrested Halder in 1944 after the 20 July plot to assassinate Hitler. He was not involved; however, it came to light that he had been involved in an earlier plot, leading to his imprisonment. As chief of OKH General Staff, he had kept extensive notes which were later published as The Halder Diaries.\nAfter the war, Halder served as a lead consultant for the US Army Historical Division. He oversaw the writing of over 2,500 historical documents by over 700 former Nazi officers, whom he instructed to remove material detrimental to the image of the German armed forces. Halder used his influence to foster a false history of the German-Soviet war in which the German army fought a \"noble war\" and which denied its war crimes. The US Army overlooked Halder's apologia because Halder's group was providing military intelligence on the Soviet Union that it deemed important in the light of the Cold War. Halder succeeded in his aim of exonerating the German Army: first with the US military, then amongst widening circles of politicians and eventually in the American popular culture. In 1961, he was awarded the Meritorious Civilian Service Award, becoming the only German ever to be decorated both by Hitler and by an American president. The praise which he received starkly contrasted with the reality of his military career and the atrocities on the Eastern Front.", "Q78197": "Annett Renneberg (born 16 March 1978 in Rudolstadt) is a German actor and singer.", "Q172454": "Johnny Thomson (April 9, 1922 in Lowell, Massachusetts \u2013 September 24, 1960 in Allentown, Pennsylvania) was an American racecar driver. Thomson was nicknamed \"the Flying Scot.\"", "Q28978": "Jan J\u00f3zef Ignacy \u0141ukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation: [i\u0261\u02c8nats\u0268 wuka\u02c8\u0255\u025bvit\u0282]; 8 March 1822 \u2013 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one of the most prominent philanthropists in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, crown land of Austria-Hungary. He was a pioneer who in 1856 built the world's first modern oil refinery. His achievements included the discovery of how to distill kerosene from seep oil, the invention of the modern kerosene lamp (1853), the introduction of the first modern street lamp in Europe (1853), and the construction of the world's first modern oil well (1854).\n\n", "Q3370": "Zadar (US: , Croatian: [z\u00e2dar] (listen); see also other names) is the oldest continuously-inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar serves as the seat of Zadar County and of the wider northern Dalmatian region. The city proper covers 25 km2 (9.7 sq mi) with a population of 75,082 in 2011, making it the second-largest city of the region of Dalmatia and the fifth-largest city in the country.\nThe area of present-day Zadar traces its earliest evidence of human life from the late Stone Age, while numerous settlements date as early as the Neolithic. Before the Illyrians, an ancient Mediterranean people of an Indo-European culture inhabited the area. Zadar traces its origin to its 9th-century BC founding as a settlement of the Illyrian tribe of Liburnians known as Iader.\nIn 59 BC it was renamed Iadera when it became a Roman municipium. In 48 BC it became a Roman colonia. During Roman rule Zadar acquired the characteristics of a traditional Ancient Roman city with a regular road network, a public square (forum), and an elevated capitolium with a temple.\nAfter the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and the destruction of Salona by the Avars and Croats in 614, Zadar became the capital of the Byzantine theme of Dalmatia. In the beginning of the 9th century, Zadar came briefly under Frankish rule, but the Pax Nicephori returned it to the Byzantines in 812. The first Croatian rulers gained brief control over the city in 10th century. In 998 Zadar swore allegiance to Doge Pietro Orseolo II and became a vassal of the Republic of Venice. In 1186 it placed itself under the protection of B\u00e9la III, King of Hungary and Croatia.\nIn 1202 the Venetians, with the help of Crusaders, reconquered and sacked Zadar. Hungary regained control over the city in 1358, when it was given to king Louis I of Hungary. In 1409 king Ladislaus I sold Zadar to the Venetians. When the Turks conquered the Zadar hinterland at the beginning of the 16th century, the town became an important stronghold, ensuring Venetian trade in the Adriatic, the administrative center of the Venetian territories in Dalmatia and a cultural center. This fostered an environment in which arts and literature could flourish, and between the 15th and 17th centuries Zadar came under the influence of the Renaissance, giving rise to many important Italian Renaissance figures like Giorgio Ventura and Giovanni Francesco Fortunio, who wrote the first Italian grammar book, and many famous Croatian writers, such as Petar Zorani\u0107, Brne Krnaruti\u0107, Juraj Barakovi\u0107 and \u0160ime Budini\u0107, who wrote in the Croatian language.\nAfter the fall of Venice in 1797, Zadar came under the Austrian rule until 1918, except for the period of short-term French rule (1805\u20131813), still remaining the capital of Dalmatia. During French rule the first newspaper in the Croatian language, Il Regio Dalmata \u2013 Kraglski Dalmatin, was published in Zadar (1806\u20131810). During the 19th century Zadar functioned as a center of the Croatian movement for cultural and national revival in a context of increasing polarization and politicization of ethnic identities between Croats and Dalmatian Italians.\nWith the 1920 Treaty of Rapallo Zadar was given to the Kingdom of Italy. During World War II, it was bombed by the Allies and witnessed the evacuation of ethnic Italians. Partisans captured the city on 1 November 1944; in 1947 it officially became part of SR Croatia, a federal constituent of the SFR Yugoslavia, whose armed forces defended it in October 1991 from the Serb forces who aimed to capture it.\nToday, Zadar is a historical center of Dalmatia, Zadar County's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, educational, and transportation centre. Zadar is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zadar. Because of its rich heritage, Zadar is today one of the most popular Croatian tourist destinations, named \"entertainment center of the Adriatic\" by The Times and \"Croatia's new capital of cool\" by The Guardian. In 2016 the Belgian portal Europe's Best Destinations.com named Zadar the \"Best European Destination\" after a three-week period of online voting involving more than 288,000 votes.UNESCO's World Heritage Site list included the fortified city of Zadar as part of Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra \u2013 western Stato da Mar in 2017.", "Q258211": "Jacqueline MacInnes Wood (born 17 April 1987) is a Canadian actress, disc jockey, singer and television host. She is best known for starring as Olivia Castle in the horror film Final Destination 5 (2011) and as the rich Steffy Forrester in CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful (2008\u2013present), the latter earning her four Daytime Emmy Award nominations, winning Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2019.\n\n", "Q51505": "Jean-Baptiste Antoine Marcelin Marbot, known as Marcellin Marbot (Pronunciation: mahr-BOH, French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 batist \u0251\u0303twan ma\u0281s\u00f8l\u025b\u0303 ma\u0281bo]; August 18, 1782 \u2013 November 16, 1854), was a French general, famous for his memoirs depicting the Napoleonic age of warfare. He belongs to a family that has distinguished itself particularly in the career of arms, giving three generals to France in less than 50 years. His elder brother, Antoine Adolphe Marcelin Marbot, was also a military man of some note.", "Q239823": "Chantal Anne Akerman (French: [\u0283\u0251\u0303tal ak\u025b\u0281man]; 6 June 1950 \u2013 5 October 2015) was a Belgian film director, screenwriter, artist, and film professor at the City College of New York. She is best known for Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles (1975), which was dubbed a \"masterpiece\" by The New York Times. According to film scholar Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, Akerman's influence on feminist filmmaking and avant-garde cinema has been substantial.", "Q540177": "Wincenty Witos (Polish pronunciation: [vin\u02c8t\u0361s\u025bnt\u0268 \u02c8vit\u0254s]; 22 January 1874 \u2013 31 October 1945) was a Polish politician, prominent member and leader of the Polish People's Party (PSL), who served three times as the Prime Minister of Poland in the 1920s.\nHe was a member of the Polish People's Party from 1895, and the leader of its \"Piast\" faction from 1913. He was a member of parliament in the Galician Sejm from 1908\u20131914, and an envoy to Reichsrat in Vienna from 1911 to 1918. Witos was also a leader of Polish Liquidation Committee (Polish: Polska Komisja Likwidacyjna) in 1918, head of the Piast party, and member of parliament in the Polish Sejm from 1919-1920.\nHe served three times as the premier of Poland, in 1920\u20131921, 1923 (Chjeno-Piast), and 1926. In 1926 the third Witos government was overthrown by the May coup d'\u00e9tat led by J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski. Witos had been one of the leaders of the opposition to the Sanacja-government as head of Centrolew (1929\u20131930) and co-founded the People's Party. Having been imprisoned shortly thereafter and for a time living in exile in Czechoslovakia from 1933, he returned to Poland in 1939 only to be imprisoned again by the invading Germans.\nIn ill health by 1945, he was nominated one of the vice-chairmen of the State National Council (Polish: Krajowa Rada Narodowa) after World War II. In 1945-46 the People's Party was reorganized and taken over by Stanis\u0142aw Miko\u0142ajczyk.", "Q164236": "A war correspondent is a journalist who covers stories firsthand from a war zone. They were also called special correspondents.\nWar correspondents' jobs bring them to the most conflict-ridden parts of the world. Once there, they attempt to get close enough to the action to provide written accounts, photos, or film footage. Thus, this is often considered the most dangerous form of journalism. On the other hand, war coverage is also one of the most successful branches of journalism. Newspaper sales increase greatly in wartime, and television news ratings go up. News organizations have sometimes been accused of militarism because of the advantages they gather from conflict. William Randolph Hearst is often said to have encouraged the Spanish\u2013American War for this reason. (See Yellow journalism)\nOnly some conflicts receive extensive worldwide coverage, however. Among recent wars, the Kosovo War received a great deal of coverage, as did the Persian Gulf War. In contrast, the largest war in the last half of the 20th century, the Iran\u2013Iraq War, received far less substantial coverage. This is typical for wars among less-developed countries, as audiences are less interested and the reports do little to increase sales and ratings. The lack of infrastructure makes reporting more difficult and expensive, and the conflicts are also far more dangerous for war correspondents.", "Q375397": "Jason Behr (born December 30, 1973) is an American film and television actor. He first starred in the American television series Roswell, for which he was twice nominated for a Saturn Award, followed by roles in the films The Shipping News and the American remake of the Japanese horror film The Grudge. Behr has also had a series of guest appearances in various television shows like Step by Step, The Profiler, 7th Heaven, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, JAG and had recurring roles in the American television series Dawson's Creek and Breakout Kings.", "Q1678127": "Jacques Vaillant is a French singer born on 8 June 1952 in Strasbourg (Alsace, France).", "Q5701": "Pirkanmaa (Swedish: Birkaland, also known as Tampere Region in government documents), is a region of Finland. It borders the regions of Satakunta, South Ostrobothnia, Central Finland, P\u00e4ij\u00e4t-H\u00e4me, Kanta-H\u00e4me and Southwest Finland. Its total population is the second largest among Finland's regions after Uusimaa.\n\n", "Q42": "Douglas Noel Adams (11 March 1952 \u2013 11 May 2001) was an English author, screenwriter, essayist, humorist, satirist and dramatist.\nAdams was author of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, which originated in 1978 as a BBC radio comedy before developing into a \"trilogy\" of five books that sold more than 15 million copies in his lifetime and generated a television series, several stage plays, comics, a video game, and in 2005 a feature film. Adams's contribution to UK radio is commemorated in The Radio Academy's Hall of Fame.Adams also wrote Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency (1987) and The Long Dark Tea-Time of the Soul (1988), and co-wrote The Meaning of Liff (1983), The Deeper Meaning of Liff (1990), Last Chance to See (1990), and three stories for the television series Doctor Who; he also served as script editor for the show's seventeenth season in 1979. He also co-wrote the Monty Python sketch \u201cPatient Abuse\u201d which appeared in the final episode of Monty Python's Flying Circus. A posthumous collection of selected works of his, including the first publication of his final, unfinished, novel, was published as The Salmon of Doubt in 2002.\nAdams was an advocate for environmentalism and conservation, a lover of fast cars, technological innovation and the Apple Macintosh, and a self-proclaimed \"radical atheist\".\n\n", "Q71819": "Elisabeth Veronika Mann Borgese, (April 24, 1918 \u2013 February 8, 2002) was an internationally recognized expert on maritime law and policy and the protection of the environment. Called \"the mother of the oceans\", she has received the Order of Canada and awards from the governments of Austria, China, Colombia, Germany, the United Nations and the World Conservation Union.Elisabeth was a child of Nobel Prize winning German author Thomas Mann and his wife Katje. Born in Germany, Elisabeth experienced displacement due to the rise of the Nazi Party and became a citizen first of Czechoslovakia, then of the United States of America, and finally of Canada. \nElisabeth Mann Borgese worked as a senior fellow at the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions in Santa Barbara, California and as a university professor at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. She became a proponent of international cooperation and world government. In 1968, she was one of the founding members \u2013 and for a long time the only female member \u2013 of the Club of Rome.\nIn 1970 she organized the first international conference on the law of the sea, \"Pacem in Maribus\" (\"Peace in the Oceans\") in Malta, and helped to establish the International Ocean Institute (IOI) at the Royal University of Malta. From 1973 to 1982, Mann Borgese helped to develop the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). She also helped to establish the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.", "Q510754": "Carl Fr\u00f8lich Hanssen (8 January 1883 \u2013 6 January 1960) was a Norwegian military officer and sports executive. He was head of the Norwegian Nazi Labour Service during the Second World War. He born in Fredrikshald (Halden).Before the Second World War he had a military career in the field artillery, eventually with the rank of colonel. During the German occupation of Norway he was head of the Norwegian Nazi Labour Service. In the legal purge in Norway after World War II he was sentenced to seven years imprisonment .He won the Norwegian Football Cup with the club Mercantile in 1907 and 1912. He served as president of the Football Association of Norway for two periods, 1907\u20131908 and 1911\u20131912. \n\n", "Q758780": "A gardener is someone who practices gardening, either professionally or as a hobby.", "Q84338": "Rudolf \"Rudi\" Cerne (born 26 September 1958) is a German TV presenter and former figure skater. He is the 1984 European silver medalist and a two-time West German national champion. He competed at two Winter Olympics, finishing fourth in 1984.\n\n", "Q68390": "Schlatt bei Winterthur is a municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q51511": "George Andrew Romero (; February 4, 1940 \u2013 July 16, 2017) was an American filmmaker, writer, and editor. He is best known for his series of gruesome and satirical horror films about an imagined zombie apocalypse, beginning with Night of the Living Dead (1968). This film is often considered a progenitor of the fictional zombie of modern culture. Other films in the series include Dawn of the Dead (1978) and Day of the Dead (1985). Aside from this series, his works include The Crazies (1973), Martin (1978), Creepshow (1982), Monkey Shines (1988), The Dark Half (1993) and Bruiser (2000). He also created and executive-produced the 1983\u201388 television series Tales from the Darkside.\nRomero is often noted as an influential pioneer of the horror film genre and has been called an \"icon\" and the \"Father of the Zombie Film.\"", "Q3296302": "Marymount Manhattan College is a private liberal arts college in New York City on the Upper East Side. Enrollment consists of 2,069 undergraduates, with women making up 75% and men 25%.", "Q241754": "Andr\u00e9 Kert\u00e9sz (French: [k\u025b\u0281t\u025bs]; 2 July 1894 \u2013 28 September 1985), born Andor Kert\u00e9sz, was a Hungarian-born photographer known for his groundbreaking contributions to photographic composition and the photo essay. In the early years of his career, his then-unorthodox camera angles and style prevented his work from gaining wider recognition. Kert\u00e9sz never felt that he had gained the worldwide recognition he deserved. Today he is considered one of the seminal figures of photojournalism.Expected by his family to work as a stockbroker, Kert\u00e9sz pursued photography independently as an autodidact, and his early work was published primarily in magazines, a major market in those years. This continued until much later in his life, when Kert\u00e9sz stopped accepting commissions. He served briefly in World War I and moved to Paris in 1925, then the artistic capital of the world, against the wishes of his family. In Paris he worked for France's first illustrated magazine called VU. Involved with many young immigrant artists and the Dada movement, he achieved critical and commercial success.\nDue to German persecution of the Jews and the threat of World War II, Kert\u00e9sz decided to emigrate to the United States in 1936, where he had to rebuild his reputation through commissioned work. In the 1940s and 1950s, he stopped working for magazines and began to achieve greater international success. His career is generally divided into four periods, based on where he was working and his work was most prominently known. They are called the Hungarian period, the French period, the American period and, toward the end of his life, the International period.", "Q174031": "Rocco Benetton (born 29 September 1969) is the former chief executive of the Benetton Formula One team.", "Q63137883": "D1ce (Korean: \ub514\uc6d0\uc2a4; stylized as D1CE; pronounced as \"D Once\") is a South Korean boy group formed by Happy Face Entertainment. The group consists of five members: Jo Yong-geun, Kim Hyun-soo, Jung Yoo-jun, Park Woo-dam and Woo Jin-young. They debuted on August 1, 2019 with the EP Wake Up: Roll The World, with Wake up serving as the title track.\n\n", "Q967627": "Robert Joseph Shea (February 14, 1933 \u2013 March 10, 1994) was an American novelist and former journalist best known as co-author with Robert Anton Wilson of the science fantasy trilogy Illuminatus!. It became a cult success and was later turned into a marathon-length stage show put on at the British National Theatre and elsewhere. In 1986 it won the Prometheus Hall of Fame Award. Shea went on to write several action novels based in exotic historical settings.", "Q395511": "Agostina Belli (born 13 April 1949) is an Italian film actress. She has appeared in more than 50 films since 1968.", "Q835175": "Henry Bernard Levin CBE (19 August 1928 \u2013 7 August 2004) was an English journalist, author and broadcaster, described by The Times as \"the most famous journalist of his day\". The son of a poor Jewish family in London, he won a scholarship to the independent school Christ's Hospital and went on to the London School of Economics, graduating in 1952. After a short spell in a lowly job at the BBC selecting press cuttings for use in programmes, he secured a post as a junior member of the editorial staff of a weekly periodical, Truth, in 1953.\nLevin reviewed television for the Manchester Guardian and wrote a weekly political column in The Spectator noted for its irreverence and influence on modern parliamentary sketches. During the 1960s he wrote five columns a week for the Daily Mail on any subject that he chose. After a disagreement with the proprietor of the paper over attempted censorship of his column in 1970, Levin moved to The Times where, with one break of just over a year in 1981\u201382, he remained as resident columnist until his retirement, covering a wide range of topics, both serious and comic.\nLevin became a well-known broadcaster, first on the weekly satirical television show That Was The Week That Was in the early 1960s, then as a panellist on a musical quiz, Face the Music, and finally in three series of travel programmes in the 1980s. He began to write books in the 1970s, publishing 17 between 1970 and 1998. From the early 1990s, Levin developed Alzheimer's disease, which eventually forced him to give up his regular column in 1997, and to stop writing altogether not long afterwards.", "Q88502": "Friedrich Aue (27 July 1896 \u2013 27 November 1944) was a resistance fighter against the regime of Nazi Germany.\nAue was a locksmith from Dodendorf (a part of S\u00fclzetal), Prussian Saxony. In 1925 he joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). After Adolf Hitler seized power in 1933, Aue became involved in the resistance to Nazi rule. In February 1944, he was arrested by the Gestapo. Aue was sentenced to death on 25 October 1944. The sentence was carried out at the labour prison Zuchthaus Brandenburg in Brandenburg an der Havel.\nThe city of Magdeburg has named a street, Friedrich-Aue-Stra\u00dfe, in his honour.", "Q601187": "Sir Donald Currie (17 September 1825 \u2013 13 April 1909) was a Scottish shipowner, politician and philanthropist.", "Q5005884": "C-JeS Entertainment is a South Korean entertainment company established in 2009, handling the management of various artists. Its roster includes popular boy band JYJ; singer Gummy; actors Choi Min-sik, Sol Kyung-gu, and Song Il-gook; and actresses Hwang Jung-eum and Kang Hye-jung.", "Q111865": "Ulrich of Richenthal (died c. 1438) was a chronicler of the Council of Constance.\nUlrich was a citizen of Konstanz (Constance). He was a landowner and a layman, perhaps a son of the town clerk of Constance, Johannes Richenthal, who lived in the second half of the fourteenth century. During the session of the Ecumenical Council of Constance, Ulrich frequently came into connection with the fathers assembled. He met the papal delegates who had to provide quarters for the members of the council. He was employed in business matters by princes who were present in the city during the council, and a bishop lived in his house. Ulrich followed the council, the great events that took place in it, the festivities, and all the celebrations of which his native town was the theatre. He wrote in the German dialect of Konstanz an exact and careful account of all, introducing much statistical matter. This chronicle is preserved in several manuscripts, of which one at St. Petersburg is in Latin. The manuscripts contain coats-of-arms and other historically valuable illustrations.\nThis article incorporates text from the public domain Catholic Encyclopedia.", "Q1771103": "Alice is a 2009 television miniseries that was originally broadcast on Canadian cable television channel Showcase and an hour later on American cable television channel Syfy. The miniseries is a reimagining of the classic Lewis Carroll stories Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, taking place about 150 years later with science fiction and additional fantasy elements added. The miniseries, produced by Reunion Pictures is three hours long, split into two parts, which premiered on Sunday, December 6, 2009, and Monday, December 7, 2009, respectively. Writer and director Nick Willing previously directed a 1999 adaptation of the books that followed the story more closely; however, Alice is intended to be a modern interpretation, imagining how Wonderland might have evolved over the last 143 years. The mini-series was partially shot in the Kamloops, B.C., Canada area.", "Q176626": "Europa Europa (German: Hitlerjunge Salomon, lit. \"Hitler Youth Salomon\") is a 1990 historical war drama film directed by Agnieszka Holland. It is based on the 1989 autobiography of Solomon Perel, a German Jewish boy who escaped the Holocaust by masquerading as a \"Nazi\" German. The film stars Marco Hofschneider as Perel; who appears briefly as himself in the finale. The film is an international co-production between the German company CCC Film and companies in France and Poland. The film should not be confused with the 1991 Lars von Trier film Europa, which was initially released as Zentropa in the United States to avoid confusion.", "Q273080": "Patsy Cline (born Virginia Patterson Hensley; September 8, 1932 \u2013 March 5, 1963) was an American singer. She is considered one of the most influential vocalists of the 20th century and was one of the first country music artists to successfully cross over into pop music. Cline had several major hits during her eight-year recording career, including two number-one hits on the Billboard Hot Country and Western Sides chart.\nCline's first professional performances began at the local WINC radio station when she was fifteen. In the early 1950s, Cline began appearing in a local band led by performer Bill Peer. Various local appearances led to featured performances on Connie B. Gay's Town and Country television broadcasts. It also led to the signing of her first recording contract with the Four Star label in 1954. She had minor success with her earliest Four Star singles including \"A Church, A Courtroom and Goodbye\" (1955) and \"I've Loved and Lost Again\" (1956). In 1957 however, Cline made her first national television appearance on Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts. After performing \"Walkin' After Midnight\", the single would become her first major hit on both the country and pop charts.\nCline's further singles with Four Star Records were unsuccessful, although she continued performing and recording. After marrying in 1957 and giving birth in 1958, she moved to Nashville, Tennessee to further her career. Working with new manager Randy Hughes, Cline would become a member of the Grand Ole Opry and then move to Decca Records in 1960. Under the direction of producer Owen Bradley, her musical sound shifted and she achieved consistent success. The 1961 single \"I Fall to Pieces\" would become her first to top the Billboard country chart. As the song became a hit, Cline was severely injured in an automobile accident, which caused her to spend a month in the hospital. After recovering, her next single release \"Crazy\" would also become a major hit.\nBetween 1962 and 1963, Cline had hits with \"She's Got You\", \"When I Get Through with You\", \"So Wrong\" and \"Leavin' on Your Mind\". She also toured and headlined shows with more frequency. In March 1963, Cline appeared at a benefit show in Kansas City, Missouri. To return home, she boarded a plane along with country performers Cowboy Copas, Hawkshaw Hawkins and manager Randy Hughes. Upon hitting rough weather, the plane crashed outside of Camden, Tennessee, killing all those on board.\nSince her death, Cline has been cited as one of the most celebrated, respected and influential performers of the 20th century. Her music has influenced performers of various styles and genres. She has also been seen as a forerunner for women in country music, being among the first to sell records and headline concerts. In 1973, she became the first female performer to be inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. In the 1980s, Cline's posthumous successes continued in the mass media. She was portrayed twice in major motion pictures, including the 1985 biopic Sweet Dreams starring Jessica Lange. Several documentaries and stage shows were released during this time, including the 1988 musical Always...Patsy Cline. A 1991 box set of her recordings was issued that received critical acclaim. Her greatest hits album sold over 10 million copies in 2005. In 2011, Cline's childhood home was restored as a museum for visitors and fans to tour.", "Q7102": "Hochdorf is a municipality in the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q704955": "Clement Burke (born November 24, 1954) is an American musician who is best known as the drummer for the band Blondie from 1975, shortly after the band formed, throughout the band's entire career.", "Q2365809": "Karol Bohdanowicz (1867\u20131947) was a Russian and Polish mining engineer, geographer and geologist.", "Q631722": "Robert \"Bobbito\" Garcia (born September 25, 1966), also known as DJ Cucumber Slice and Kool Bob Love, is an American DJ, author, streetball player, streetball coach, and member of the Rock Steady Crew. He is known as a former co-host of hip hop radio show The Stretch Armstrong and Bobbito Show, alongside Adrian \"Stretch Armstrong\" Bartos, from 1990 until 1999. He later moved to Washington, D.C., where he currently hosts a new podcast on NPR called What's Good? alongside Bartos.", "Q514254": "George Hurley (born September 4, 1958) is a drummer noted for his work with Minutemen and fIREHOSE.", "Q8557": "Bad D\u00fcrkheim (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ba\u02d0t \u02c8dy\u02d0\u0250\u032fkha\u026am]) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Kaiserslautern, Donnersbergkreis and Alzey-Worms, the city of Worms, the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, the city of Neustadt/Weinstra\u00dfe, the districts of S\u00fcdliche Weinstra\u00dfe, the city of Landau (the Taubensuhl/Fassendeich forest part of the city), the district S\u00fcdwestpfalz, and the city of Kaiserslautern.", "Q262833": "J\u00e1nos Szlepecz (Slovene: Jano\u0161 Slepec or Ivan Slepec, June 14, 1872 \u2013 June 29, 1936) was a Slovene Roman Catholic priest, dean, and writer. He wrote in the Prekmurje Slovene dialect and also in Hungarian.\nHe was born in Murska Sobota in Vas County of the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Slovenia), where his father Iv\u00e1n Szlepecz was a blacksmith in the market town. His mother was Julianna Czig\u00e1ny. Starting in 1896, he served as chaplain for ten years for the Szap\u00e1ry family, and then in 1906 as the parish priest of Murska Sobota. In 1913, after the death of Ferenc Ivan\u00f3czy, he became dean of the Slovene March.\nSzlepecz initially opposed the autonomy of the Slovene March (Prekmurje) and supported Hungary. He later shifted his position and supported the Prekmurje Slovenes. After World War I, he maintained the liturgy in Prekmurje Slovene in St. Nicholas's Church. After the occupation of the Republic of Prekmurje, Szlepecz was taken hostage by the Hungarian communists.\nIn 1918, Szlepecz was the bishopric vicar in Szombathely and in 1922 the honorary vicar in Maribor. Before the First World War, he published articles in Hungarian in Szombathelyi \u00dajs\u00e1g and Muraszombat \u00e9s vid\u00e9ke, and articles in Slovene in Marijin list, Novine, and Kalendar Srca Jezu\u0161ovoga. He also translated the Gospels into Prekmurje Slovene.\nJ\u00e1nos Szlepecz died in Murska Sobota.", "Q53460": "Konrad I of Masovia (Polish: Konrad I Mazowiecki) (ca. 1187/88 \u2013 31 August 1247), from the Polish Piast dynasty, was the sixth Duke of Masovia and Kujawy from 1194 until his death as well as High Duke of Poland from 1229 to 1232 and again from 1241 to 1243.", "Q371683": "Gretl Theimer (27 November 1910 \u2013 14 May 1972) was an Austrian actress.\nTheimer was born in Vienna, Austria and died in Munich, Germany at age 61.", "Q128982": "Cyrano de Bergerac is a 1990 French comedy-drama film directed by Jean-Paul Rappeneau and based on the 1897 play of the same name by Edmond Rostand, adapted by Jean-Claude Carri\u00e8re and Rappeneau. It stars G\u00e9rard Depardieu, Anne Brochet and Vincent P\u00e9rez. The film was a co-production between companies in France and Hungary.\nThe film is the first theatrical film version of Rostand's original play in colour, and the second theatrical film version of the play in the original French. It is also considerably more lavish and more faithful to the original than previous film versions of the play. The film had 4,732,136 admissions in France.Subtitles are used for the non-French market; the English-language version uses Anthony Burgess's translation of the text, which uses five-beat lines with a varying number of syllables and a regular couplet rhyming scheme, in other words, a sprung rhythm. Although he sustains the five-beat rhythm through most of the play, Burgess sometimes allows this structure to break deliberately: in Act V, he allows it collapse completely, creating a free verse.\nIn 2010, Cyrano de Bergerac was ranked number 43 in Empire magazine's \"The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema\".", "Q3122179": "Baron Guy Fran\u00e7ois Edouard Marie Ullens de Schooten Whettnall (born 31 January 1935) is a Belgian art collector, philanthropist, and former businessperson.\nFollowing his business career, he has with his wife, Myriam Ullens, established the Guy & Myriam Ullens Foundation, known for the Ullens Center for Contemporary Art in Beijing, China, and for founding the Ullens School in Lalitpur, Nepal.", "Q722992": "Albert Champion (5 April 1878 Paris \u2013 26 October 1927 Paris) was a French track bicycle racer who won the 1899 Paris\u2013Roubaix. In 1905 he incorporated the Albert Champion Company in Boston to make porcelain spark plugs with his name on them. Three years later founded the Champion Ignition Company in Flint, Michigan. In 1922 he changed the name to AC Spark Plug Company, after his initials, to settle out of court with his original partners in the Albert Champion Company.", "Q554670": "Gary James Kemp (born 16 October 1959) is an English singer, songwriter, musician and actor, best known as the lead guitarist, backing vocalist, and principal songwriter for the new wave band Spandau Ballet.\nKemp wrote the lyrics and music for all 23 of Spandau Ballet's hit singles, including \"To Cut a Long Story Short\", \"True\", \"Gold\", \"Chant No. 1 (I Don't Need This Pressure On)\", \"Through the Barricades\" and \"Only When You Leave\". Spandau Ballet became one of the biggest British bands of the 1980s, generating over 25 million record sales worldwide. In 2012, Kemp was an Ivor Novello Award winner for Outstanding Song Collection. His brother Martin Kemp plays bass guitar in the band and is also an actor. In April 2019, Gary Kemp was touring the US with Nick Mason's band Saucerful of Secrets and announced in an interview: \"There are no plans for Spandau going into 2020.\"", "Q947291": "Vasily Ilyich Safonov (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432, Vasi'lij Ilji'\u010d Safo'nov; 6 February 1852 \u2013 27 February 1918), also known as Wassily Safonoff, was a Russian pianist, teacher, conductor and composer.", "Q712851": "Oliver George Wallace (August 6, 1887 \u2013 September 15, 1963) was an English-born American composer and conductor. He was especially known for his film music compositions, which were written for many animation, documentary, and feature films from Walt Disney Studios.\n\n", "Q109794": "Volker Lechtenbrink (born August 18, 1944) is a German television actor and singer.\nLechtenbrink grew up in Hamburg and Bremen and started his career at the age of 15 acting in the Oscar-nominated anti-war movie The Bridge (1959) by director Bernhard Wicki. After leaving the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums a year after completing his mittlere Reife, he was educated at the Hochschule f\u00fcr bildende K\u00fcnste Hamburg (drama school), also acting and later working as a stage director at the Ernst Deutsch Theater, Hamburg. Between 2004, he worked as the intendant of that stage. Between 1995 and 1997, he was also intendant of Bad Hersfeld Festival. He acted in several German television productions during the last decades, including Der Kommissar, Derrick, Der Alte, Tatort, Ein Fall f\u00fcr zwei and some Rosamunde Pilcher films. In 2006, he played one of the leading roles in the short-lived television series M.E.T.R.O. \u2013 Ein Team auf Leben und Tod. \nHe is the German dubbing-voice of Kris Kristofferson and Dennis Quaid.\nNext to his work as an actor he also started a very successful career as a singer and songwriter during the 1970s and 1980s, with songs like Der Macher and Ich mag. He also wrote the lyrics to the song R\u00fccksicht, performed by the duo Hoffmann & Hoffmann at the Eurovision Song Contest 1983, placing 5th in a field of 20. \n\n", "Q497149": "Checker Records is an inactive record label that was started in 1952 as a subsidiary of Chess Records in Chicago, Illinois. The label was founded by the Chess brothers, Leonard and Phil, who ran the label until they sold it to General Recorded Tape (GRT) in 1969, shortly before Leonard's death.\nThe label released recordings by mostly African American artists and groups. Checker's releases cover a wide range of genres including blues (Little Walter, Sonny Boy Williamson II), rhythm and blues (Sax Mallard, Jimmy McCracklin), doo-wop (The Flamingos, The Moonglows), gospel (Aretha Franklin, Five Blind Boys of Mississippi), rock and roll (Bo Diddley, Dale Hawkins), and soul (Gene Chandler).\nThe label was discontinued in 1971 following GRT's consolidation of the Chess catalogs. As with Cadet and Chess, the label's catalog is now owned by Universal Music Group and releases from the Checker catalog are released by Geffen Records and Chess.", "Q113914": "Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg (March 17, 1897 \u2013 September 20, 1944) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. He served in World War I and then after Germany had formally surrendered in the Freikorps Oberland and the Steirischer Heimatschutz. He served as SS and Police Leader of the Warsaw area in German-occupied Poland from 1941 until 1943 during World War II. \nSammern-Frankenegg was in charge of the Gro\u00dfaktion Warschau, the single most deadly operation against the Jews in the course of the Holocaust in occupied Poland, which entailed sending between 254,000 and 265,000 men, women and children aboard overcrowded Holocaust trains to the extermination camp in Treblinka. The \"liquidation\" of the Warsaw Ghetto between July 23 and September 21, 1942 was disguised as a \"resettlement action\" in order to trick the victims into cooperating. It was a major part of the murderous campaign codenamed Operation Reinhard in the Final Solution. Von Sammern-Frankenegg remained in Warsaw until his first offensive operation in the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising on April 19, 1943, which was unsuccessful.After the failed offensive, von Sammern-Frankenegg was replaced by J\u00fcrgen Stroop, and court-martialed by SS leader Heinrich Himmler on April 24, 1943 for his alleged ineptitude; which, for the SS, meant only one thing: guilty of \"defending Jews\". He was subsequently transferred to Croatia where in September 1944 he was killed in a Yugoslav partisan ambush near the town of Kla\u0161ni\u0107.", "Q94895": "Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (IATA: BWI, ICAO: KBWI, FAA LID: BWI) is an international airport in the eastern United States. It serves Baltimore, Maryland, and with Washington Dulles International Airport and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport is one of three major airports serving the Baltimore\u2013Washington D.C. metropolitan area. Located in an unincorporated area of Anne Arundel County, the airport is 9 miles (14 km) south of downtown Baltimore and 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Washington D.C.It is the busiest airport in Maryland, and the busiest airport in the Baltimore\u2013Washington metropolitan area. It is commonly referred to as BWI or BWI Marshall. The airport is named after Thurgood Marshall, a Baltimore native. Thurgood Marshall was the first African American to serve as a justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. This airport also draws large numbers of travelers from the Richmond, Harrisburg and Philadelphia metropolitan areas. BWI covers 3,160 acres (1,279 ha) of land.", "Q18111": "Li Keqiang (; Chinese: \u674e\u514b\u5f3a; Mandarin: [l\u00ec k\u02b0\u0264\u0302.t\u0255\u02b0j\u01ce\u014b]; born 1 July 1955) is a Chinese politician who is the current Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. An economist by trade, Li is China's head of government as well as one of the leading figures behind China's Financial and Economic Affairs, Foreign Affairs, National Security and Deepening Reforms. He is also the second-ranked member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China, the de facto top decision-making body of the country. Li is a major part of the \"fifth generation of Chinese leadership\" along with General Secretary Xi Jinping. Li was named the world's 12th most powerful person by Forbes in their list of the world's most powerful people in 2015 and 2016.\nLi rose through the ranks through his involvement in the Communist Youth League. From 1998 to 2004, Li served as the Governor of Henan and the province's party secretary. From 2004 to 2007 he served as the Party Secretary of Liaoning, the top political office in the province. From 2008 to 2013, Li served as the first-ranked Vice-Premier under then-Premier Wen Jiabao, overseeing a broad portfolio which included economic development, price controls, finance, climate change, and macroeconomic management.Given his Youth League experience, Li has generally been considered a political ally of former leader Hu Jintao. Li assumed the post of Premier in 2013, and has facilitated the Chinese government's shifting of priorities from export-led growth to a greater focus on internal consumption. Li has also been a major force behind the implementation of the \"comprehensively deepening reforms\" announced in the fall of 2013. Made in China 2025 is a strategic plan issued by Li and his cabinet in May 2015.", "Q93122": "Christopher S. Strachey (; 16 November 1916 \u2013 18 May 1975) was a British computer scientist. He was one of the founders of denotational semantics, and a pioneer in programming language design and computer time-sharing. He was a member of the Strachey family, prominent in government, arts, administration, and academia.", "Q247443": "Helen Dukas (17 October 1896 \u2013 10 February 1982) was Albert Einstein's secretary. She also co-authored Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel and co-edited Albert Einstein: The Human Side with Dr. Banesh Hoffmann. Dukas was one of two trustees chosen by Einstein, according to his Last Will and Testament, to hold the literary rights to all of his manuscripts, copyrights, publication rights, royalties, and royalty agreements. The other trustee was the economist Dr. Otto Nathan. In short, Dukas and Dr. Nathan were the \"executors of his literary heritage.\" They collaborated on the compilation of The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, using documents that were subsequently donated to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.Einstein and Dukas were subjected to intrusive surveillance by the Federal Bureau of Investigation under J. Edgar Hoover.", "Q162135": "Pope Gelasius I was the supreme pontiff of the Catholic Church from 1 March AD 492 to his death on 19 November 496. He was probably the third and final bishop of Rome of Berber descent. Gelasius was a prolific author whose style placed him on the cusp between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. His predecessor Felix III employed him especially in drafting papal documents. During his pontificate he called for strict Catholic orthodoxy, more assertively demanded obedience to papal authority, and, consequently, increased the tension between the Western and Eastern Churches.", "Q201416": "Genichi Taguchi (\u7530\u53e3 \u7384\u4e00, Taguchi Gen'ichi) (January 1, 1924 \u2013 June 2, 2012) was an engineer and statistician. From the 1950s onwards, Taguchi developed a methodology for applying statistics to improve the quality of manufactured goods. Taguchi methods have been controversial among some conventional Western statisticians, but others have accepted many of the concepts introduced by him as valid extensions to the body of knowledge.", "Q57606": "Robert Fico (Slovak pronunciation: [\u02c8\u027e\u0254b\u025b\u027et \u02c8fits\u0254]; born 15 September 1964) is a Slovak politician who served as Prime Minister of Slovakia from 2012 until his resignation in 2018. Fico also previously served as a Prime Minister from 4 July 2006 to 8 July 2010. He has been the leader of the Direction \u2013 Social Democracy (SMER-SD) party since 1999. First elected to Parliament in 1992 (whilst within Czechoslovakia), he was later appointed to the Council of Europe. Following his party's victory in the 2006 parliamentary election, he formed the first Fico Cabinet.\nAfter the 2010 parliamentary election, Fico sat as an opposition member of parliament, effectively as leader of the opposition. Following a motion of confidence against the Iveta Radi\u010dov\u00e1 cabinet, Fico was re-appointed as Prime Minister after leading SMER-SD to a landslide election victory in the 2012 parliamentary election, winning 83 seats and forming a government with an absolute majority in Parliament, the first such since 1989. In 2013, Fico officially declared his candidacy for the 2014 presidential election. Fico lost the election to his political rival Andrej Kiska in the second round of voting on 29 March 2014.On 15 March 2018, in the wake of the political crisis following the murder of J\u00e1n Kuciak, Fico delivered his resignation to President Andrej Kiska, who then formally charged Deputy Prime Minister Peter Pellegrini with the formation of a new government.\n\n", "Q284408": "Dredg (stylized as dredg) is an American rock band formed in 1993 in Los Gatos, California. The band consists of vocalist Gavin Hayes, guitarist Mark Engles, bassist Drew Roulette and drummer and pianist Dino Campanella.The band established themselves in the indie scene with their 1998 release of the concept album Leitmotif, landing them a deal with Interscope Records. Dredg released El Cielo in 2002, Catch Without Arms in 2005, The Pariah, the Parrot, the Delusion in 2009, and Chuckles and Mr. Squeezy in 2011.", "Q248837": "Susan Hayward (born Edythe Marrenner; June 30, 1917 \u2013 March 14, 1975) was an American actress and model. She was best known for her work in films that were based on true stories.\nAfter working as a fashion model, Hayward traveled to Hollywood in 1937 to audition for the role of Scarlett O'Hara. She secured a film contract and played several small supporting roles over the next few years.\nBy the late 1940s, the quality of her film roles had improved, and she achieved recognition for her dramatic abilities with the first of five Academy Award for Best Actress nominations for her performance as an alcoholic in Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman (1947). Success continued through the 1950s as she received subsequent nominations for My Foolish Heart (1949), With a Song in My Heart (1952), and I'll Cry Tomorrow (1955). She finally won for her portrayal of death row inmate Barbara Graham in I Want to Live! (1958).\nAfter Hayward's second marriage and subsequent move to Georgia, her film appearances became infrequent, although she continued acting in film and television until 1972. She died in 1975 of brain cancer.", "Q2683": "Parma (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8parma] (listen); Emilian: P\u00e4rma) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its architecture, music, art, prosciutto (ham), cheese and surrounding countryside. It is home to the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world.\nParma is divided into two parts by the stream of the same name. The district on the far side of the river is Oltretorrente. Parma's Etruscan name was adapted by Romans to describe the round shield called Parma.\nThe Italian poet Attilio Bertolucci (born in a hamlet in the countryside) wrote: \"As a capital city it had to have a river. As a little capital it received a stream, which is often dry\".", "Q69677": "Renate Schmidt (n\u00e9e Pokorny, born 12 December 1943 in Hanau) is a German Social Democratic politician.", "Q2287907": "Simon Wolf (28 October 1836 - 4 June 1923) was a United States businessman, lawyer, writer, diplomat and Jewish activist.\n\n", "Q115222": "Elke Schmitter (born 25 January 1961, Krefeld, West Germany) is a German journalist, novelist, and poet.\nAfter studying philosophy in Munich, Schmitter worked as a journalist until 1994, when she became a full-time writer.\nHer first novel to be translated into English was Mrs Sartoris, published in German in 2000 and English in 2003, ISBN 978-0-375-72614-9.\n\n", "Q372215": "Ronnie Walter Cunningham (born March 16, 1932), (Col, USMCR, Ret.) is a retired American astronaut. In 1968, he was a Lunar Module Pilot on the Apollo 7 mission. He was NASA's third civilian astronaut (after Neil Armstrong and Elliot See), and has also been a fighter pilot, physicist, entrepreneur, venture capitalist, and author of The All-American Boys. Following the deaths of Donn F. Eisele in 1987 and Wally Schirra in 2007, Cunningham is the last surviving crew member of Apollo 7.\n\n", "Q625810": "Alexander Pinkhosovich Podrabinek (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041f\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0445\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0435\u043a; born 8 August 1953, Elektrostal) is a Soviet dissident, journalist and commentator. During the Soviet period he was a human rights activist, being exiled, then imprisoned in a corrective-labour colony, for publication of his book Punitive Medicine in Russian and in English.In 1987, while still forced to live outside Moscow in internal banishment, Podrabinek became the founder and editor-in-chief of the Express Chronicle weekly newspaper. In the 1990s he set up and ran the Prima information agency. Over the past ten years he has worked, variously, for the Novaya gazeta newspaper, the Yezhednevny Zhurnal website and the Russian Services of Radio France Internationale and Radio Liberty.\n\n", "Q188473": "Action film is a film genre in which the protagonist or protagonists are thrust into a series of events that typically include violence, extended fighting, physical feats, and frantic chases. Action films tend to feature a resourceful hero struggling against incredible odds, which include life-threatening situations, a villain, or a pursuit which usually concludes in victory for the hero (though a small number of films in this genre have ended in the victory for the villain instead). Advancements in CGI have made it cheaper and easier to create action sequences and other visual effects that required the efforts of professional stunt crews in the past. However, reactions to action films containing significant amounts of CGI have been mixed, as films that use computer animations to create unrealistic, highly unbelievable events are often met with criticism. While action has long been a recurring component in films, the \"action film\" genre began to develop in the 1970s along with the increase of stunts and special effects. Common action scenes in films are generally, but not limited to, explosions, car chases, fistfights, and shootouts.\nThis genre is closely associated with the thriller and adventure genres, and they may also contain elements of drama and spy fiction.", "Q689244": "Marcello Pera (Italian pronunciation: [mar\u02c8t\u0283\u025bllo \u02c8pe\u02d0ra]) (born 28 January 1943) is an Italian philosopher and politician. He was the President of the Italian Senate from 2001 to 2006.", "Q842": "Oman ( (listen) oh-MAHN; Arabic: \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200e \u02bbum\u0101n [\u0295\u028a\u02c8ma\u02d0n]), officially the Sultanate of Oman (Arabic: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200e Sal\u1e6danat \u02bbUm\u0101n), is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. Located in a strategically important position at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, the country shares land borders with the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest, and shares marine borders with Iran and Pakistan. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz (which it shares with Iran) and the Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.\nFrom the late 17th century, the Omani Sultanate was a powerful empire, vying with the Portuguese Empire and the British Empire for influence in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean. At its peak in the 19th century, Omani influence or control extended across the Strait of Hormuz to modern-day Iran and Pakistan, and as far south as Zanzibar. When its power declined in the 20th century, the sultanate came under the influence of the United Kingdom. For over 300 years, the relations built between the two empires were based on mutual benefits. The UK recognized Oman's geographical importance as a trading hub that secured their trading lanes in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean and protected their empire in the Indian sub-continent. Historically, Muscat was the principal trading port of the Persian Gulf region. Muscat was also among the most important trading ports of the Indian Ocean.\nSultan Qaboos bin Said al Said was the hereditary leader of the country, which is an absolute monarchy, from 1970 until his death on 10 January 2020. His cousin, Haitham bin Tariq, was named as the country's new ruler following his death.Oman is a member of the United Nations, the Arab League, the Gulf Cooperation Council, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. It has sizeable oil reserves, ranking 25th globally. In 2010, the United Nations Development Programme ranked Oman as the most improved nation in the world in terms of development during the preceding 40 years. A significant portion of its economy involves tourism and trading fish, dates and other agricultural produce. Oman is categorized as a high-income economy and ranks as the 69th most peaceful country in the world according to the Global Peace Index.", "Q105031": "Home Alone is a 1990 American comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus. It stars Macaulay Culkin, Joe Pesci, Daniel Stern, John Heard, and Catherine O'Hara. The film follows an eight-year-old boy (Culkin), who must defend his home from two burglars (Pesci and Stern) after his family mistakenly leaves him behind on their Christmas vacation. It was filmed between February and May 1990, in an array of locations. The film was originally meant to be a production from Warner Bros., but was changed to a 20th Century Fox production when Hughes exceeded a $10 million budget that he promised for the film with Warner Bros. \nHome Alone premiered on November 10, 1990, in Chicago, and was released wider in the United States on November 16, 1990. With a total gross of $476.7 million, it was the highest-grossing live-action comedy ever, and held the record until it was overtaken by The Hangover Part II in 2011. The film received two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy and Best Actor in a Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy for Culkin, as well as two Academy Award nominations for Best Original Score, which was composed by John Williams, and Best Original Song for \"Somewhere in My Memory\". Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics on its initial release, Home Alone has been hailed as a holiday classic among audiences and is often regarded as one of the best Christmas films ever made.\nHome Alone spawned a successful film franchise that started with the 1992 sequel Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, which is the only Home Alone sequel to have most of the original cast reprising their roles.", "Q266512": "Millie Perkins (born May 12, 1938) is an American film and television actress probably best known for her debut film role as Anne Frank in The Diary of Anne Frank (1959), and for her supporting actress roles in two 1966 westerns, The Shooting and Ride in the Whirlwind, both directed by Monte Hellman.", "Q1331129": "Eliza Swenson (also known as Victoria Mazze) is an American actress, producer, singer, and composer. She was born on July 28, 1982 in Quincy, California. She has another 5 siblings and is the youngest of them all. She received a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Music Media and Sound Engineering from Brigham Young University in 2003.\nShe is known for producing, editing, co-writing, composing, and starring in the 2012 feature film Dorothy and the Witches of Oz. Under the pseudonym Victoria Mazze, Swenson is lead singer of the band The Divine Madness. On July 26, 2015 she married Jason Tibor Farkas and she has no children.", "Q201589": "Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano (Spanish pronunciation: [le\u02c8ti\u03b8ja o\u027e\u02c8ti\u03b8]; born 15 September 1972) is Queen of Spain via her marriage to King Felipe VI. She came from a middle-class family and worked as a journalist for ABC and EFE before becoming a news anchor at CNN+ and Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola. In 2004, she married Felipe, then Prince of Asturias and heir apparent to the Spanish throne. Their daughters, Leonor and Sof\u00eda, were born in 2005 and 2007 respectively. As Princess of Asturias, Letizia represented her father-in-law, King Juan Carlos, in Spain and abroad. On her father-in-law's abdication in 2014, Felipe and Letizia became king and queen.", "Q85807": "Adolf Holl (13 May 1930 \u2013 23 January 2020) was an Austrian Catholic writer and theologian. He lived in Vienna, where he was Chaplain of the University of Vienna and a lecturer in its Department of Catholic Theology. Because of conflicts with Church authorities, he was suspended from his teaching and priestly duties. He wrote many books, including Jesus in Bad Company and The Last Christian: A Biography of Francis of Assisi.Holl had doctorates in philosophy and theology from the University of Vienna. Ordained a Catholic priest in 1954, he served as a parish priest and professor of theology until 1973, when longstanding controversies with church officials led to his dismissal from university and parish posts.", "Q174810": "Alisa Weilerstein (born April 14, 1982) is an American classical cellist. She was named a 2011 MacArthur Fellow.", "Q229205": "The sitar (English: or ; \u0938\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0930, Punjabi: \u0a38\u0a3f\u0a24\u0a3e\u0a30, sit\u0101ra pronounced [s\u026a\u02c8ta\u02d0r]) is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani classical music. A modified form of Veena, the instrument was invented in medieval India and flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries and arrived at its present form in 18th-century India.\nUsed widely throughout the Indian subcontinent, the sitar became popularly known in the wider world through the works of Ravi Shankar, beginning in the late 1950s and early 1960s. In the 1960s, a short-lived trend arose for the use of the sitar in Western popular music, with the instrument appearing on tracks by bands such as The Beatles, The Doors, The Rolling Stones and others.", "Q70326": "Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais (French: [pj\u025b\u0281 boma\u0281\u0283e]; 24 January 1732 \u2013 18 May 1799) was a French polymath. At various times in his life, he was a watchmaker, inventor, playwright, musician, diplomat, spy, publisher, horticulturist, arms dealer, satirist, financier, and revolutionary (both French and American).\nBorn a Parisian watchmaker's son, Beaumarchais rose in French society and became influential in the court of Louis XV as an inventor and music teacher. He made a number of important business and social contacts, played various roles as a diplomat and spy, and had earned a considerable fortune before a series of costly court battles jeopardized his reputation.\nAn early French supporter of American independence, Beaumarchais lobbied the French government on behalf of the American rebels during the American War of Independence. Beaumarchais oversaw covert aid from the French and Spanish governments to supply arms and financial assistance to the rebels in the years before France's formal entry into the war in 1778. He later struggled to recover money he had personally invested in the scheme. Beaumarchais was also a participant in the early stages of the 1789 French Revolution. He is probably best known, however, for his theatrical works, especially the three Figaro plays.", "Q437260": "Linda Lepomme (born 16 March 1955) is a Belgian actress and singer who represented her country in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 in which she sang \"Laat me nu gaan\". She earned seven points finishing in 19th (last) place overall.\n\n", "Q745896": "\u2013\n\nJimmie Dale Gilmore (born May 6, 1945) is an American country singer, songwriter, actor, recording artist and producer, currently living in Austin, Texas.", "Q329577": "Victor Andrew de Bier Everleigh McLaglen (10 December 1886 \u2013 7 November 1959) was a British-American film actor. He was known as a character actor, particularly in Westerns, and made seven films with John Ford and John Wayne. McLaglen won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1935 for his role in The Informer.", "Q141673": "Jack Ryan Conway (July 17, 1887 \u2013 October 11, 1952) was an American film director and film producer, as well as an actor of many films in the first half of the 20th century.\n\n", "Q880651": "David Tod (February 21, 1805 \u2013 November 13, 1868) was an American politician and industrialist from the U.S. state of Ohio. As the 25th Governor of Ohio, Tod gained recognition for his forceful and energetic leadership during the American Civil War.A Democrat who supported the war effort, Tod helped to maintain a fragile alliance between the state's Republicans and War Democrats and took steps to secure Ohio's borders. In 1863, the state's pro-Union party failed to nominate Tod for a second term because of his tepid support for the abolition of slavery and his unpopularity among the state's myriad political factions.After completing his two-year term as Ohio governor, Tod turned down an invitation to serve in the government of President Abraham Lincoln as Secretary of the Treasury, citing poor health. Tod died of a stroke in 1868, three years after the end of the war.", "Q656626": "Marko Reikop (born June 19, 1969, in Tallinn) is an Estonian TV host.\nHe graduated from the Tallinn University on bibliography and is employed by radio and TV channels of the Estonian Public Broadcasting since 1991.\nHe has presented the Estonian national finals for Eurovision Song Contest and made a live commentary for the event. From 2009 and on he presents the daily talk show \"Ringvaade\" together with Anu V\u00e4lba (along with Grete L\u00f5bu since fall of 2013).\nIn 2018 he was given Fifth Class of the Order of the White Star by the President of Estonia.", "Q522679": "Andr\u00e9 Salmon (4 October 1881, Paris \u2013 12 March 1969, Sanary-sur-Mer) was a French poet, art critic and writer. He was one of the early defenders of Cubism, with Guillaume Apollinaire and Maurice Raynal.\n\n", "Q158322": "Stern (pronounced [\u0283t\u025b\u0281n], German for \"Star\") is a weekly news magazine published in Hamburg, Germany, by Gruner + Jahr, a subsidiary of Bertelsmann.", "Q106538": "Sandra Maischberger (born 25 August 1966) is a German journalist, talk show host, and author.", "Q43934": "Liaoning (\u8fbd\u5b81) is a coastal province in Northeast China (historically also known as Manchuria), and is the smallest, southernmost, but the most populous province in the region. Located on the northern shore of the Yellow Sea, it is the northernmost coastal province of the People's Republic of China.\nThe modern Liaoning province was established in 1907 as Fengtian or Fengtien province and was renamed Liaoning in 1929, also known as Mukden Province at the time for the Manchu pronunciation of Shengjing, the former name of the provincial capital Shenyang. Under the Japanese-puppet Manchukuo regime, the province reverted to its 1907 name, but the name Liaoning was restored in 1945 and again in 1954.\nLiaoning is also known in Chinese as \"the Golden Triangle\" from its shape and strategic location, with the Yellow Sea (Korea Bay and Bohai Sea) in the south, North Korea's North Pyongan and Chagang provinces in the southeast, Jilin to the northeast, Hebei to the southwest, and Inner Mongolia to the northwest. The Yalu River marks the province's border with North Korea, emptying into the Korea Bay between Dandong in Liaoning and Sinuiju in North Korea.", "Q1445381": "Francis Eugene Beecher (September 29, 1921 \u2013 February 24, 2014) was the lead guitarist for Bill Haley & His Comets from 1954 to 1962, and is best remembered for his innovative guitar solos combining elements of country music and jazz. He composed the classics \"Blue Comet Blues\", \"Goofin' Around\", \"Week End\", and \"Shaky\" when he was the lead guitarist for Bill Haley and the Comets. He continued to perform with surviving members of the Comets into 2006. In 2012, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted Beecher as a member of the Comets by a special committee, aimed at correcting the previous mistake of not inducting the Comets with Bill Haley.", "Q184249": "Kelendria Trene \"Kelly\" Rowland (born February 11, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, actress, and television presenter. She rose to fame in the late 1990s as a member of Destiny's Child, one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. During the group's two-year hiatus, Rowland released her first solo album, Simply Deep (2002), which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and sold over 2.5 million copies worldwide. It included the number-one single \"Dilemma\" with Nelly, as well as the UK top-five hits \"Stole\" and \"Can't Nobody\". Rowland also ventured into acting with starring roles in the successful films Freddy vs. Jason (2003) and The Seat Filler (2005).\nFollowing the disbandment of Destiny's Child in 2006, Rowland released her second album, Ms. Kelly (2007), which produced the international top-ten hits \"Like This\" and \"Work\". In 2009, she hosted the first season of The Fashion Show and was featured on David Guetta's \"When Love Takes Over\", which hit number one in many countries. Its success influenced Rowland to explore dance music on her third album Here I Am (2011), which spawned the UK top-ten singles \"Commander\" and \"Down for Whatever\". She became a judge on the eighth season of The X Factor UK in 2011 as well as the third season of The X Factor USA in 2013. Rowland's fourth album, Talk a Good Game (2013), became her third top-ten album on the US Billboard 200 chart. She married her manager, Tim Weatherspoon, and gave birth to their son in 2014. Since then, Rowland has continued her television career by hosting Chasing Destiny in 2016 and starring as a coach on The Voice Australia since 2017.\nThroughout her career, Rowland has sold over 30 million records as a solo artist, and a further 60 million records with Destiny's Child. Her work has earned her several awards and nominations, including four Grammy Awards, one Billboard Music Award, and two Soul Train Music Awards. Rowland has also received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame as part of Destiny's Child, and as a solo artist, she has been honored by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers and Essence for her contributions to music. In 2014, Fuse ranked Rowland in their \"100 Most Award-Winning Artists\" list at number 20.\n\n", "Q535463": "The Fenneregg is a peak of the Rieserferner group on the border between Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy.", "Q87976": "Daniel Fehlow (born 21 February 1975 in Berlin, Germany) is a German television and voice actor.\nHe has played Leon Moreno in the German television soap opera Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten since 1996. He is the voice of Channing Tatum in films dubbed into German.", "Q936291": "Nigel David McKail Ritchie-Calder (2 December 1931 \u2013 25 June 2014) was a British science writer.", "Q156469": "Siim Kallas (Estonian pronunciation: [\u02c8si\u02d0m \u02c8k\u0251l\u02d1\u0251s]; born 2 October 1948) is an Estonian politician, who most recently served as European Commissioner for Transport between 2010 and 2014. Before that he was European Commissioner for Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud between 2004 and 2009. In both Barroso Commissions he was also vice-president.\nKallas has been Prime Minister of Estonia, Estonian Minister of Finance, Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Member of the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union and member of the Riigikogu. Kallas is a member and former leader of the free-market liberal Estonian Reform Party. Kallas was a vice-president of Liberal International.\nHe was twice appointed Acting Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro in Olli Rehn's stead, from 19 April 2014 \u2013 25 May 2014 while he was on electoral campaign leave for the 2014 elections to the European Parliament and from 1 July 2014 \u2013 16 July 2014 after he took up his seat.After leaving the Commission, Kallas run in the Estonian presidential election in 2016, but was not elected. In October 2017, he started as the municipal mayor of Viimsi Parish.", "Q118060": "Gian-Reto Plattner (10 December 1939 \u2013 7 December 2009) was a Swiss physicist and politician of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland.\nThe son of chemist Placidus A. Plattner, he was born in Zurich. He studied physics at the University of Basel, where he received his doctorate in 1967 and habilitated in 1972. From 1984 he was an associate professor of experimental physics at the University of Basel. From 2000 he was also Vice-Rector for Research, before retiring in 2005.\nFrom 1984 to 1992 he was a member of the Grand Council of the canton of Basel-Stadt. From 1988 to 1992 he presided over the Socialist Group. He later represented the canton of Basel-Stadt in the Senate and served as President of the Council of States (2002-2003).\nHe died on 7 December 2009 in Basel.", "Q440956": "Christopher Charles Mintz-Plasse (; born June 20, 1989) is an American actor, comedian, and musician who has performed roles such as McLovin in Superbad (2007), Augie Farcques in Role Models (2008), Fishlegs Ingerman in the How to Train Your Dragon franchise (2010\u20132019) and as Chris D'Amico in Kick-Ass (2010) and its sequel Kick-Ass 2 (2013). He is also known for playing Scoonie in Neighbors (2014) and its sequel Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising (2016).", "Q438635": "Martina Mich\u00e8le Weymouth (born November 22, 1950) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and author, best known as a founding member and bassist of the new wave group Talking Heads and its side project Tom Tom Club, which she co-founded with husband and Talking Heads drummer, Chris Frantz. In 2002, Weymouth was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Talking Heads.", "Q743559": "Lewis Goldsmith (c. 1763 \u2013 6 January 1846) was an Anglo-French publicist of Portuguese-Jewish extraction. He is thought to have been born in Richmond, Surrey.", "Q1909270": "For the poker personality, see Matt Savage (poker director). For the keyboardist/actor see Levellers (band).Matthew \"Matt\" Savage (born May 12, 1992) is an American autistic savant musician. Born in Sudbury, Massachusetts, he is the son of Diane and Lawrence \"Larry\" Savage.", "Q70440": "Villaz-Saint-Pierre is a former municipality in the district of Gl\u00e2ne in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the former municipalities La Folliaz and Villaz-Saint-Pierre merged to form the new municipality of Villaz.", "Q191644": "Eva Ga\u00eblle Green (French: [e.va \u0261a.\u025bl \u0261\u0281e\u02d0n]; born July 6, 1980) is a French actress and model.\nThe daughter of actress Marl\u00e8ne Jobert, she started her career in theatre before making her film debut in Bernardo Bertolucci's The Dreamers (2003). She achieved international recognition for her portrayal of Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem in Ridley Scott's historical epic Kingdom of Heaven (2005). The following year, she played Bond girl Vesper Lynd in the James Bond film Casino Royale (2006), for which she received the BAFTA Rising Star Award.\nGreen has since starred in numerous independent films, including Cracks (2009), Womb (2010), and Perfect Sense (2011). In 2014, she played Artemisia in the 300 sequel, 300: Rise of an Empire, and Ava Lord in Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez's Sin City sequel, Sin City: A Dame to Kill For. Green is also known for her collaborations with director Tim Burton, starring as Angelique Bouchard in the horror comedy film Dark Shadows (2012), Miss Alma Peregrine in the fantasy film Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (2016), and Colette Marchant in the fantasy film Dumbo (2019). For her role as an astronaut mother in the drama film Proxima (2019), she earned a nomination for the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress.\nGreen starred as Morgan Pendragon in the Starz historical fantasy series Camelot (2011). She also starred as Vanessa Ives in the Showtime horror drama series Penny Dreadful (2014\u20132016), earning a nomination for Best Actress in a Television Series \u2013 Drama at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards.", "Q216793": "Josh Lee Holloway (born July 20, 1969) is an American actor, model and producer, best known for his roles as James \"Sawyer\" Ford on the American television show Lost and as Will Bowman on the science fiction drama Colony.", "Q239770": "Anne Revere (June 25, 1903 \u2013 December 18, 1990) was an American actress and a progressive member of the board of the Screen Actors' Guild. She was best known for her work on Broadway and her film portrayals of mothers in a series of critically acclaimed films. An outspoken critic of the House Un-American Activities Committee, her name appeared in Red Channels: The Report on Communist Influence in Radio and Television in 1950 and she was subsequently blacklisted. \nRevere won an Academy Award for her supporting role in the film National Velvet (1945). She was also nominated in the same category for The Song of Bernadette (1943) and Gentleman's Agreement (1947). She won a Tony Award for her performance in Lillian Hellman's Toys in the Attic in 1960.", "Q1428637": "Spoken word is a poetic performance art that is word-based. It is an oral art that focuses on the aesthetics of word play such as intonation and voice inflection. It is a \"catchall\" term that includes any kind of poetry recited aloud, including poetry readings, poetry slams, jazz poetry, and hip hop, and can include comedy routines and prose monologues. Although spoken word can include any kind of poetry read aloud, it is different from written poetry in that how it sounds is often one of the main components. Unlike written poetry, it has less to do with physical on the page aesthetics and more to do with phonaesthetics, or the aesthetics of sound.", "Q69111": "Schleitheim is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland, located directly at the border to Germany.\nIt is known as the location where the seven articles of the \"Schleitheim Confession\" were written.", "Q124941": "Peter Bleser (born 23 July 1952) is a German politician and member of the conservative CDU. Bleser, a farmer by profession, is a member of the Bundestag, representing Mosel/Rhein-Hunsr\u00fcck.", "Q386394": "G\u00e9za von Radv\u00e1nyi (26 September 1907 \u2013 27 November 1986) was a Hungarian film director, cinematographer, producer and writer.", "Q578563": "Stuart Chatwood, (born 22 October 1969 in Fleetwood, Lancashire, England) is a Canadian musician, best known as the bass guitar and keyboard player for the rock band The Tea Party. The Tea Party are known for fusing together musical styles of both the Eastern and Western worlds, in what they call \"Moroccan roll\". In 2001, Chatwood won a Juno Award for the best artwork for a Tea Party album. \nStuart Chatwood is also a composer of video game soundtracks. He composed music that has appeared on the soundtracks for eight Prince of Persia games developed by Ubisoft Montreal: Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time (2003), Warrior Within (2004), The Two Thrones (2005), Battles of Prince of Persia (2005), Revelations (2005), Rival Swords (2007), Prince of Persia (2008), and The Fallen King (2008). The series have been very successful, selling in excess of ten million copies worldwide. He also composed the soundtrack for Darkest Dungeon (2016).", "Q528340": "Vaughn Wilton Monroe (October 7, 1911 \u2013 May 21, 1973) was an American baritone singer, trumpeter, big band leader, actor, and businessman, who was most popular in the 1940s and 1950s. He has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for recording and another for radio performance.\n\n", "Q229577": "Mary Marg Helgenberger (born November 16, 1958) is an American actress. She began her career in the early 1980s and first came to attention for playing the role of Siobhan Ryan on the daytime soap opera Ryan's Hope from 1982 to 1986. She is best known for her roles as Catherine Willows in the CBS police procedural drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2000\u201313) and the subsequent TV movie Immortality (2015) and as K.C. Koloski in the ABC drama China Beach (1988\u201391), which earned her the 1990 Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.\nShe is also known for roles in the TV series Under the Dome and Intelligence, and the films Species (1995), Species II (1998), Erin Brockovich (2000), and Mr. Brooks (2007).\n\n", "Q67128": "Diessenhofen is a village and a municipality in Frauenfeld District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. The village is situated on the south shore of the High Rhine just opposite the German town of Gailingen am Hochrhein.", "Q78008": "Gerhard Fisher contributed to the development and popularity of the hand held metal detector.", "Q2790054": "Pow\u0105zki Military Cemetery (Polish pronunciation: [p\u0254\u02c8v\u0254\u0303sk\u02b2i]; Polish: Cmentarz Wojskowy na Pow\u0105zkach) is an old military cemetery located in the \u017boliborz district, western part of Warsaw, Poland. The cemetery is often confused with the older Pow\u0105zki Cemetery, known colloquially as \"Old Pow\u0105zki\". The Old Pow\u0105zki cemetery is located to the south-east of the military cemetery.\nThe military cemetery holds the graves of many who have fought and died for their country since the early 19th century, including a large number involved in the 1920 Battle of Warsaw, the September 1939 Campaign, and the ill-fated 1944 Warsaw Uprising against Nazi Germany.", "Q60647": "Wilhelm Raabe (September 8, 1831 \u2013 November 15, 1910) was a German novelist. His early works were published under the pseudonym of Jakob Corvinus.", "Q207852": "Elisabeth Judson Shue (born October 6, 1963) is an American actress, best known for her starring roles in the films The Karate Kid (1984), Adventures in Babysitting (1987), Cocktail (1988), Back to the Future Part II (1989), Back to the Future Part III (1990), Soapdish (1991), Leaving Las Vegas (1995), The Saint (1997), Hollow Man (2000), and Piranha 3D (2010). She has won several acting awards and has been nominated for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a BAFTA. She starred as Julie Finlay in the CBS procedural forensics crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation from 2012 to 2015. More recently she had supporting roles in Battle of the Sexes (2017) and Death Wish (2018). She was also a series regular in the first season of the Amazon series The Boys (2019).", "Q143716": "Abduction is a 2011 American action thriller film directed by John Singleton, produced by Roy Lee and Ellen Goldsmith-Vein, and written by Shawn Christensen. The film stars Taylor Lautner in the lead role alongside Lily Collins, Alfred Molina, Jason Isaacs, Maria Bello and Sigourney Weaver in supporting roles.\nThe film, Singleton's last before his death in 2019, was released by Lionsgate Films on September 23, 2011. Upon release, the film was panned by the critics, with many criticizing the film's screenplay, cast performances (especially Lautner's) and pace. The film grossed $82 million worldwide against its $35 million production budget. It was nominated for a Golden Reel Award for Dialogue and ADR in a Feature Film.", "Q114896": "Nikolas Vogel (9 March 1967 \u2013 28 June 1991) was an Austrian-German film actor and news camera operator. Nikolas Vogel belonged to a family of famous actors and he also became an actor. Vogel left the acting profession to report the news and worked for a short time as journalist before he was killed in the Ten-Day War as Yugoslavia was dividing in the aftermath of Marshall Josip Broz Tito's death. Vogel was killed in a missile incident along with his Austrian colleague Norbert Werner.", "Q5173133": "Corsair is the 6th novel in The Oregon Files by Clive Cussler and Jack Du Brul. The book follows the enigmatic Juan Cabrillo and the Corporation team's mission to recover the US Secretary of State Fiona Katamora before the upcoming peace summit, which is being held in Tripoli, Libya. They discover that all is not as it seems and that the plane crash that brought her down may not have been an accident. The Corporation must battle terrorists with a foothold in the Libyan government while uncovering the identity of their hidden leader. As the journey continues the team uncovers many hidden secrets in the Libyan desert including the entire ex-foreign department of the government and an archaeologist, Alana Shepard, who is close to uncovering the key to peace in the middle east. The Corporation then sets out to find both the lost manuscripts Alana Shepherd was looking for and the Secretary of State.", "Q375208": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Dienstbier (20 April 1937, in Kladno \u2013 8 January 2011, in Prague) was a Czech politician and journalist. He was one of Czechoslovakia's most respected foreign correspondents before being fired after the Prague Spring. Unable to have a livelihood as a journalist, he worked as a janitor for the next two decades. During this time, he secretly revived the suppressed Lidov\u00e9 noviny newspaper.After the end of communist rule in 1989, he became the country's first non-Communist foreign minister in four decades, a post he held until 1992. In 2008 he was elected to the Czech Senate for the Kladno region.", "Q613408": "Country rock is a subgenre of popular music, formed from the fusion of rock and country. It was developed by rock musicians who began to record country-flavored records in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These musicians recorded rock records using country themes, vocal styles, and additional instrumentation, most characteristically pedal steel guitars. Country rock began with artists like Bob Dylan, the Byrds, Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, the Flying Burrito Brothers, The International Submarine Band and others, reaching its greatest popularity in the 1970s with artists such as Emmylou Harris, the Eagles, Linda Ronstadt, Michael Nesmith, Poco and Pure Prairie League. Country rock also influenced artists in other genres, including the Band, the Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, the Rolling Stones, and George Harrison's solo work, as well as playing a part in the development of Southern rock.", "Q269153": "Kay Kendall (21 May 1927 \u2013 6 September 1959) was an English actress and comedienne. She began her film career in the musical film London Town (1946). Although the film was a financial failure, Kendall continued to work regularly until her appearance in the comedy film Genevieve (1953) brought her widespread recognition. Most prolific in British films, Kendall also achieved some popularity with American audiences, and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her role in the musical-comedy film Les Girls (1957).She began a romantic relationship with actor Rex Harrison after they appeared together in the comedy film The Constant Husband (1955) and they were married in 1957. Harrison learned from Kendall's doctor that she had been diagnosed with myeloid leukemia, a fact that was kept from Kendall, who believed she was suffering from an iron deficiency. The actor cared for Kendall until her death at the age of 32.", "Q69105": "Mennan Yapo (born 1966) is a German director, screenwriter, producer and actor.\nBorn in Munich to Turkish parents, Yapo has been in the film business since 1988, at first working in various assistant jobs and as a publicist.\nFrom 1995, Yapo has worked as a screenwriter and producer, as well as a supporting actor (in Peter Greenaway's The Pillow Book, 1996, and Wolfgang Becker's Good Bye Lenin!, 2003).\n1999 marks Yapo's first outing as a director. His directing debut, the short subject Framed, was nominated for the Deutscher Filmpreis and shown at numerous international festivals.\nIn 2002, Yapo started working on his first full-length directing work, the thriller Soundless. A German box-office success in 2004, it also won international critical acclaim.\nYapo's Hollywood directing debut, the drama film Premonition, starring Sandra Bullock, was released to cinemas in March 2007 and grossed $85 million worldwide.", "Q499951": "Rafael Gil (22 May 1913 \u2013 10 July 1986) was a Spanish film director and screenwriter.\nHis film La guerra de Dios (1953) won the Bronze Lion at the Venice Film Festival in 1953 and also won best film and best director at the San Sebasti\u00e1n International Film Festival. His film La noche del s\u00e1bado (1950) was nominated for the Gold Lion at the 1950 Venice Film Festival and his film El beso de Judas (1954) was also nominated for the Gold Lion at the 1954 festival in Venice. His film Let's Make the Impossible! (1958) was nominated for the Golden Berlin Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival. He has won nine prizes of the National Syndicate of Spectacle of Spain.\nGil was a prominent director of the Franco era. His later works, often in collaboration with the Pro-Franco screenwriter and novelist Fernando Vizca\u00edno Casas, looked back nostalgically to the years of Franco's rule.\n\n", "Q115550": "Saint Nicholas of Fl\u00fce (German: Niklaus von Fl\u00fce; 1417 \u2013 21 March 1487) was a Swiss hermit and ascetic who is the patron saint of Switzerland. He is sometimes invoked as Brother Klaus. A farmer, military leader, member of the assembly, councillor, judge and mystic, he was respected as a man of complete moral integrity. Brother Klaus's counsel to the Diet of Stans (1481) helped to prevent war between the Swiss cantons.", "Q279340": "Mat Mathews, born Mathieu Hubert Wijnandts Schwarts (June 18, 1924 \u2013 February 12, 2009), was a Dutch jazz accordionist.", "Q66236": "Klaus Hoffmann (born 26 March 1951, Berlin) is a German singer, songwriter and actor.", "Q193047": "Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (died 495 BC) was the legendary seventh and final king of Rome, reigning from 535 BC until the popular uprising in 509 BC that led to the establishment of the Roman Republic. He is commonly known as Tarquin the Proud, from his cognomen Superbus (Latin for \"proud, arrogant, lofty\").Ancient accounts of the regal period mingle history and legend. Tarquin was said to have been the son or grandson of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of Rome, and to have gained the throne through the murders of both his wife and his elder brother, followed by the assassination of his predecessor, Servius Tullius. His reign is described as a tyranny that justified the abolition of the monarchy.", "Q813987": "Beeb Birtles (born Gerard Bertelkamp, 28 November 1948) is a Dutch Australian musician, singer, songwriter and guitarist. He has been a member of various Australian groups including Zoot (1967\u201371), Mississippi (1972\u201374), Little River Band (1975\u201383), and Birtles Shorrock Goble (2002\u201307). He has also worked as a solo artist, including releasing an album, Driven by Dreams (2000). In 2004 Birtles and other members of the classic line-up of Little River Band were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame.", "Q116059": "Rodrigo Lara Bonilla (b. August 11, 1946 \u2013 d. April 30, 1984) was a Colombian lawyer and politician, who served as Minister of Justice under President Belisario Betancur, and was assassinated by orders of Pablo Escobar because of his work as Minister in prosecuting cocaine traffickers mainly belonging to the Medell\u00edn Cartel.Lara's death led to Escobar's indictment for murder and a long running controversy over extradition in Colombia that would ultimately cost thousands of lives.", "Q34216": "Mossad (; Hebrew: \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05d5\u05b9\u05e1\u05b8\u05d3, IPA: [ha mo\u02c8sad]; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u200e, al-M\u014ds\u0101d, IPA: [almo\u02d0\u02c8sa\u02d0d]; literally meaning \"the Institute\"), short for HaMossad leModi\u02bfin uleTafkidim Meyu\u1e25adim (Hebrew: \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05d3 \u05dc\u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05e2\u05d9\u05df \u05d5\u05dc\u05ea\u05e4\u05e7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd, meaning \"Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations\"), is the national intelligence agency of Israel. It is one of the main entities in the Israeli Intelligence Community, along with Aman (military intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security).\n\nMossad is responsible for intelligence collection, covert operations, and counterterrorism. Mossad is separate from Israel's democratic institutions. Because no law defines its purpose, objectives, roles, missions, powers or budget and because it is exempt from the constitutional laws of the State of Israel Mossad has been described as a deep state. Its director answers directly and only to the Prime Minister. Its annual budget is estimated to be around 10 billion shekels (US$2.73 billion) and it is estimated that it employs around 7,000 people directly, making it the second-largest espionage agency in the Western world, after the American CIA.", "Q6397": "Avignon (UK: , US: , French: [avi\u0272\u0254\u0303] (listen); Proven\u00e7al: Avinhon (Classical norm) or Avignoun (Mistralian norm) [avi\u02c8\u0272un]; Latin: Avenio) is a commune in south-eastern France in the department of Vaucluse on the left bank of the Rh\u00f4ne river. Of the 90,194 inhabitants of the city (as of 2011), about 12,000 live in the ancient town centre enclosed by its medieval ramparts.\nBetween 1309 and 1377, during the Avignon Papacy, seven successive popes resided in Avignon and in 1348 Pope Clement VI bought the town from Joanna I of Naples. Papal control persisted until 1791 when, during the French Revolution, it became part of France. The town is now the capital of the Vaucluse department and one of the few French cities to have preserved its ramparts.\nThe historic centre, which includes the Palais des Papes, the cathedral, and the Pont d'Avignon, became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995. The medieval monuments and the annual Festival d'Avignon have helped to make the town a major centre for tourism.\n\n", "Q194728": "Another Time, Another Place is a 1983 British drama film directed by Michael Radford and starring Phyllis Logan, Giovanni Mauriello and Denise Coffey. The screenplay was based on the novel by Jessie Kesson.", "Q99584": "Rolf von Goth (5 November 1906 \u2013 9 November 1981) was a film actor from Windhoek in German Southwest Africa who settled and worked in Germany. After appearing in minor roles in several silent films such as Metropolis (1927) von Goth emerged as a prominent actor in the late 1920s. During the early 1930s he played a mixture of leading and supporting roles in films such as Once There Was a Waltz and A Shot at Dawn (1932) but his appearances began to decline during the Nazi era. By the outbreak of the Second World War he had almost entirely retired from film. von Goth switched to become a director of radio shows, becoming extremely successful in the format during the post-war years. He was married to the actress Karin Hardt.", "Q441484": "Nigel Marven (born 27 November 1960) is a British wildlife TV presenter, television producer, author and birdwatcher. He is known for his unorthodox, spontaneous, and daring style of presenting wildlife documentaries as well as for including factual knowledge in the proceedings. This has led some people to compare him to Steve Irwin. Nigel ran the 2008 London marathon in 4 hours 4 minutes to try to raise \u00a320,000 for the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society UK.", "Q110428": "R\u00fcdiger Grube (born 2 August 1951) is a German engineer who currently serves as the vice president of Hyundai Motor Company, the chairman of the board of Deutsche Bahn through January 2017, and was the chairman of EADS between April 2007 and April 2009.", "Q64421": "Peter Stein (born 1 October 1937) is a German theatre and opera director who established himself at the Schaub\u00fchne am Lehniner Platz, a company that he brought to the forefront of German theatre.Born in Berlin, Stein grew up in an era defined by the Nazis. His father Herbert Stein was factory director of Alfred Teves, a motorcycle manufacturing firm that the Nazi regime employed to make automotive parts. Herbert was in charge of 250,000 forced laborers. He was also involved in the Confessing Church, a resistance group.\nStein has said that these events had a profound effect on his life. After the war, his father was sentenced to two years of forced labor for collaborating with the Nazis. Peter's academic performance nose-dived and he barely made it into Frankfurt University. He then moved to Munich and enrolled at university there, pursuing a PhD thesis on the works of E. T. A. Hoffmann.\nHaving been curious about the theatre since his time at Frankfurt, he became a stagehand in Munich and eventually earned other parts. Proving himself, he was hired as director for Saved by Edward Bond. This piece threw him into the limelight and was critically acclaimed. Politically driven, Stein went on to direct many politically charged pieces, including Vietnam-Discourse by Peter Weiss, Bond's Early Morning, Se\u00e1n O'Casey's Cock-a-Doodle Dandy, The Changeling by Thomas Middleton and William Rowley and Goethe's Torquato Tasso.\nThe theatre where Stein originally worked in West Berlin was the Schaub\u00fchne am Halleschen Ufer.\nIn 1970, Stein was selected by politicians in Berlin to take over the Schaub\u00fchne, running it as an egalitarian socialist democracy.\nAfter the end of his relationship with his partner Jutta Lampe in 1985, Stein left the Schaub\u00fchne.\nStein has also directed operas, such as Rheingold in Paris 1976 (conducted by Georg Solti), Otello for the Welsh National Opera in 1987, or Moses und Aron for the Salzburg Festival 1996 (conducted by Pierre Boulez). In 2011, Stein directed a new production of Verdi's Macbeth for the Salzburg Festival, with Riccardo Muti conducting, and in 2013 he directed Verdi's Don Carlos in Salzburg. He was awarded the Europe Theatre Prize in 2008. He is married to Italian actress Maddalena Crippa.In 2019, Stein directed a production of Le Misanthrope with Lambert Wilson at the Le Com\u00e9dia theatre in Paris.", "Q451697": "Ama Dablam is a mountain in the eastern Himalayan range of Province No. 1, Nepal. The main peak is 6,812 metres (22,349 ft), the lower western peak is 6,170 metres (20,243 ft). Ama Dablam means \"Mother's necklace\"; the long ridges on each side like the arms of a mother (ama) protecting her child, and the hanging glacier thought of as the dablam, the traditional double-pendant containing pictures of the gods, worn by Sherpa women. For several days, Ama Dablam dominates the eastern sky for anyone trekking to Mount Everest basecamp. For its soaring ridges and steep faces Ama Dablam is sometimes referred as the \"Matterhorn of the Himalayas.\"Ama Dablam was first climbed on 13 March 1961 by Mike Gill (NZ), Barry Bishop (USA), Mike Ward (UK) and Wally Romanes (NZ) via the Southwest Ridge. They were well-acclimatised to altitude, having wintered over at 5800 metres near the base of the peak as part of the Silver Hut Scientific Expedition of 1960-61, led by Sir Edmund Hillary.Situated at a distance of 162 kms north of the provincial capital of Biratnagar and 152 kms northeast to Kathmandu, Ama Dablam is the third most popular Himalayan peak for permitted expeditions. The most popular route by far is the Southwest Ridge (right skyline in the photo). Climbers typically set up three camps along the ridge with camp 3 just below and to the right of the hanging glacier, the Dablam. Any ice that calves off the glacier typically goes left, away from the camp. However, a 2006 avalanche proved that this is not always the case. A climbing permit and a liaison officer are required when attempting Ama Dablam. As with Mt. Everest, the best climbing months are April\u2013May (before the monsoon) and September\u2013October.", "Q232631": "Suginami (\u6749\u4e26\u533a, Suginami-ku) is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. The ward refers to itself as Suginami City in English.\nAs of April 1, 2017, Suginami has an estimated population of 562,065, and a population density of 16,502 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 34.06 km\u00b2.", "Q667389": "The Pretenders are an English-American rock band formed in March 1978. The original band consisted of founder and main songwriter Chrissie Hynde (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), James Honeyman-Scott (lead guitar, backing vocals, keyboards), Pete Farndon (bass guitar, backing vocals), and Martin Chambers (drums, backing vocals, percussion). Following the drug-related deaths of Honeyman-Scott and Farndon, the band experienced numerous subsequent personnel changes. Hynde has been the band's only consistent member.The Pretenders' hit songs include \"Brass in Pocket\" (1979), \"Talk of the Town\" (1980), \"Message of Love\" (1981), \"Back on the Chain Gang\" (1982), \"Middle of the Road\" (1983), \"2000 Miles\" (1983), \"Don't Get Me Wrong\" (1986), \"My Baby\" (1986), and \"I'll Stand by You\" (1994). The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2005.\n\n", "Q185625": "Sergio Di Zio (born September 20, 1972) is a Canadian actor. He starred in the television series Flashpoint as Michelangelo \"Spike\" Scarlatti until the show concluded on December 13, 2012. His other works include The Lookout, Cinderella Man, Senior Trip; the television series This is Wonderland, Northern Town; as a voice actor for the animated series Stoked and Babar and the Adventures of Badou. He also appeared in the stage debut of L\u00e9o written by Rosa Labord\u00e9 for which he received a Dora Award nomination in 2006. Di Zio was recently part of an animated show called Grojband, until the show concluded in May 2015.", "Q151312": "Frederick IX (Christian Frederik Franz Michael Carl Valdemar Georg; 11 March 1899 \u2013 14 January 1972) was King of Denmark from 1947 to 1972.Born into the House of Gl\u00fccksburg, Frederick was the elder son of King Christian X and Queen Alexandrine of Denmark. He became crown prince when his father succeeded as king in 1912. As a young man, he was educated at the Royal Danish Naval Academy. In 1935, he was married to Princess Ingrid of Sweden and they had three daughters, Margrethe, Benedikte and Anne-Marie. During Nazi Germany's occupation of Denmark, Frederick acted as regent on behalf of his father from 1942 until 1943.\nFrederick became king on his father's death in early 1947. During Frederick IX's reign Danish society changed rapidly, the welfare state was expanded and, as a consequence of the booming economy of the 1960s, women entered the labour market. The modernization brought new demands on the monarchy and Frederick's role as a constitutional monarch. Frederick IX died in 1972, and was succeeded by his eldest daughter, Queen Margrethe II.", "Q348189": "Sylvia Ashton (January 26, 1880 \u2013 November 17, 1940) was an American film actress of the silent film era.\nAshton was born in Denver, Colorado. She bore a heavyset resemblance to Jane Darwell and like Darwell was playing mother and grandmother roles, though more famously than Darwell in the silents, while still in her 30s and 40s. For years she was a regular member of Cecil B. DeMille's troupe of character actors. She appeared in 134 films between 1912 and 1929. She retired from movies almost immediately at the dawn of sound, one of her later films being the part-sound film The Barker (1928). She died in Los Angeles, California.", "Q949337": "Edward Laurence Heimberger (February 20, 1951 \u2013 September 22, 2006), known professionally as Edward Albert, was an American film and television actor. The son of actor Eddie Albert and Mexican actress Margo, he is best remembered for his breakout starring role in Butterflies Are Free (1972) opposite Goldie Hawn, for which he won the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year and was nominated for Best Actor in a Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy. He starred in over 130 films and television series, including Midway, The Greek Tycoon, Galaxy of Terror, The House Where Evil Dwells, The Yellow Rose, Falcon Crest, and Power Rangers Time Force.", "Q14878": "Mettmann is a town in the northern part of the Bergisches Land, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Mettmann, Germany's most densely populated rural district. The town lies east of D\u00fcsseldorf and west of Wuppertal.", "Q63428": "Abraham Calovius (also Abraham Calov or Abraham Kalau; 16 April 1612 \u2013 25 February 1686) was a Lutheran theologian, and was one of the champions of Lutheran orthodoxy in the 17th century.", "Q222344": "A cinematographer or director of photography (sometimes shortened to DP or DOP) is the chief over the camera and light crews working on a film, television production or other live action piece and is responsible for making artistic and technical decisions related to the image. The study and practice of this field is referred to as cinematography.\nThe cinematographer selects the camera, film stock, lenses, filters, etc., to realize the scene in accordance with the intentions of the director. Relations between the cinematographer and director vary; in some instances, the director will allow the cinematographer complete independence; in others, the director allows little to none, even going so far as to specify exact camera placement and lens selection. Such a level of involvement is not common once the director and cinematographer have become comfortable with each other; the director will typically convey to the cinematographer what is wanted from a scene visually and allow the cinematographer latitude in achieving that effect.\nSeveral American cinematographers have become directors, including Reed Morano who lensed Frozen River and Beyonce's Lemonade before winning an Emmy for directing The Handmaid's Tale. Barry Sonnenfeld, originally the Coen brothers' DP; Jan de Bont, cinematographer on films such as Die Hard and Basic Instinct, directed Speed and Twister. Nicolas Roeg, cinematographer on films such as The Caretaker (1963) and The Masque of the Red Death (1964), directed Don't Look Now (1973) and The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976). Ellen Kuras, ASC photographed Eternal Sunshine of The Spotless Mind as well as a number of Spike Lee films such as Summer of Sam and He Got Game before directing episodes of Legion and Ozark. In 2014, Wally Pfister, cinematographer on Christopher Nolan's three Batman films, made his directorial debut with Transcendence; whilst British cinematographers Jack Cardiff and Freddie Francis regularly moved between the two positions.", "Q183532": "Anna Maria Louisa Italiano (September 17, 1931 \u2013 June 6, 2005), known professionally as Anne Bancroft, was an American actress, director, screenwriter and singer associated with the method acting school, having studied under Lee Strasberg. Respected for her acting prowess and versatility, Bancroft was acknowledged for her work in film, theater and television. She won one Academy Award, three BAFTA Awards, two Golden Globes, two Tony Awards, and two Emmy Awards and several other awards and nominations.After her film debut in Don't Bother to Knock (1952) and a string of supporting film roles during the 1950s, Bancroft won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her lead role in The Miracle Worker (1962) as the teacher of young Helen Keller, reprising her role from the 1959 Broadway stage play in which she had won a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play. On Broadway in 1965, she played a medieval nun obsessed with a priest (Jason Robards) in John Whiting's play The Devils, based on the Aldous Huxley novel The Devils of Loudun. Bancroft was perhaps best known as seductress Mrs. Robinson in The Graduate (1967), a role that she later said had come to overshadow her other work. \nBancroft received several other Oscar nominations and continued in lead roles until the late 1980s; notable film roles during this time include The Turning Point (1977) and Agnes of God (1985). In 1987, she starred with Anthony Hopkins in 84 Charing Cross Road. She appeared in several movies directed or produced by her second husband, comedian Mel Brooks, including the award-winning drama The Elephant Man (1980), as well as comedies To Be or Not to Be (1983) and Dracula: Dead and Loving It (1995). She received an Emmy Award nomination for 2001's Haven, and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (2003). She died two years later, in 2005, after battling cancer.", "Q131380": "Kimila Ann Basinger ( BAY-sing-\u0259r; born December 8, 1953) is an American actress, singer and former fashion model. Following a successful modeling career in New York during the 1970s, Basinger moved to Los Angeles where she began her acting career on television in 1976. She starred in several made-for-television films, including a remake of From Here to Eternity (1979), before making her feature debut in the drama Hard Country (1981).\nHailed as a sex symbol of the 1980s and 1990s, Basinger came to prominence for her performance of Bond girl Domino Petachi in Never Say Never Again (1983). She subsequently received a Golden Globe Award nomination for her role in The Natural (1984). She starred in the cult erotic film 9\u00bd Weeks (1986), and in Tim Burton's blockbuster Batman (1989), which remains the highest-grossing film of her career. For her femme fatale portrayal in L.A. Confidential (1997), Basinger won the Golden Globe and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other films include Blind Date (1987), Pr\u00eat-\u00e0-Porter (1994), I Dreamed of Africa (2000), 8 Mile (2002), Cellular (2004), Grudge Match (2013) and Fifty Shades Darker (2017).", "Q205923": "Mickey Bass (born May 2, 1943 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American bassist, composer, arranger, and music educator. He was born Lee Odiss Bass III. He has played with Chico Freeman, John Hicks, and Kiane Zawadi.\nMickey Bass is a Pittsburgh bassist who has worked with hard bop bandleaders and combos since the '60s; he has not recorded often as a leader. His maternal grandmother who performed in minstrel shows taught him and his cousins Barbershop music. He has played and recorded with Sonny Rollins, Bennie Green, and Charles Mingus. The New York Times declared: \"When Mickey Bass and the Co-operation get in the right groove...it is doubtful if there is another jazz group in town that swings as hard as this one.\"He has taught students at Duke Ellington School of the Arts and Hartt College of Music from 1975 to 1985. His students at Ellington included Wallace Roney, Gregory Charles Royal, Clarence Seay, and drummer Eric Allen. In 1980, he was given a National Endowment for the Arts Composers' Grant.", "Q457580": "Alicia Bridges (born July 15, 1953) is an American singer and songwriter who co-wrote and performed her international hit \"I Love the Nightlife (Disco 'Round)\" in 1978.", "Q140579": "Zahir Howaida (Persian:\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627) (also spelled as Zahir Huwaida; February 28, 1946 \u2013 5 March 2012) was a popular Afghan musician. He had been active since the 1960s and his popularity peaked with the hit songs \"Kamar Bareek-e-Man\" and \"Shanidam Az Inja Safar Mikoni.\" Howaida was renowned for his deep, soulful voice. Almost all his songs were in the Dari Persian language. Aside from singing he also worked as a radio news anchor, poet, and as an actor on Afghanistan's television. In his later years, he lived a secluded life in Germany and seldom performed until his death there.", "Q382680": "Rolf Wallin (born 7 September 1957) is a Norwegian composer, trumpeter and avant-garde performance artist.", "Q262760": "The \u00c9cole polytechnique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL) is a research institute and university in Lausanne, Switzerland, that specializes in natural sciences and engineering. It is one of the two Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology, and it has three main missions: education, research and technology transfer at the highest international level.EPFL is widely regarded as a world leading university. The QS World University Rankings ranks EPFL 12th in the world across all fields in their 2017/2018 ranking, whilst Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranks EPFL as the world's 11th best school for Engineering and Technology.EPFL is located in the French-speaking part of Switzerland; the sister institution in the German-speaking part of Switzerland is the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich). Associated with several specialised research institutes, the two universities form the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain (ETH Domain), which is directly dependent on the Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research. In connection with research and teaching activities, EPFL operates a nuclear reactor CROCUS, a Tokamak Fusion reactor, a Blue Gene/Q Supercomputer and P3 bio-hazard facilities.", "Q57955": "Stollberg is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, in the district Erzgebirgskreis. It is situated 20 km east of Zwickau and 17 km southwest of Chemnitz. It was the site of the Hoheneck women's prison until 2001.", "Q37079": "Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (born July 3, 1962) is an American actor and producer. He has received several accolades for his work, including three Golden Globe Awards and three nominations for Academy Awards. With a net worth of $570 million as of 2020, he is one of the highest-paid actors in the world. In addition, his films have grossed over $4 billion in North America and over $10.1 billion worldwide, making him one of the highest-grossing box office stars of all time.Cruise began acting in the early 1980s and made his breakthrough with leading roles in the comedy film Risky Business (1983) and action drama film Top Gun (1986). Critical acclaim came with his roles in the drama films The Color of Money (1986), Rain Man (1988), and Born on the Fourth of July (1989). For his portrayal of Ron Kovic in the latter, he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Drama and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. As a leading Hollywood star in the 1990s, he starred in several commercially successful films, including the drama A Few Good Men (1992), the thriller The Firm (1993), the horror film Interview with the Vampire (1994), and the romance Jerry Maguire (1996). For his role in the latter, he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and received his second Academy Award nomination.\nCruise's performance as a motivational speaker in the drama film Magnolia (1999) earned him the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. As an action star, he has played Ethan Hunt in six films of the Mission: Impossible series from 1996 to 2018. He also continued to feature in several science fiction and action films, including Vanilla Sky (2001), Minority Report (2002), The Last Samurai (2003), Collateral (2004), War of the Worlds (2005), Knight and Day (2010), Jack Reacher (2012), Oblivion (2013), and Edge of Tomorrow (2014).\nCruise has been married to actresses Mimi Rogers, Nicole Kidman, and Katie Holmes. He has three children, two of whom were adopted during his marriage to Kidman and the other of whom is a biological daughter he had with Holmes. Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology and its associated social programs, and credits it with helping him overcome dyslexia. In the 2000s, he sparked controversy with his Church-affiliated criticisms of psychiatry and anti-depressant drugs, his efforts to promote Scientology as a religion in Europe, and a leaked video interview of him promoting Scientology.", "Q69663": "Spiringen is a village and a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. The municipality comprises two disjoint areas, separated by the municipality of Untersch\u00e4chen and the Klausen Pass. The western area includes the village of Spiringen in the Sch\u00e4chen Valley, whilst the eastern area includes the Urner Boden alp above Linthal and the canton of Glarus.", "Q1129906": "Coot Grant (June 11 or 17, 1893 \u2013 December 26, 1970) was an American classic female blues, country blues, and vaudeville singer and songwriter. On her own and with her husband and musical partner, Wesley \"Kid\" Wilson, she was popular with African-American audiences from the 1910s to the early 1930s.", "Q4718186": "Alexander James Adie FRSE MWS (1775, Edinburgh \u2013 4 December 1858, Edinburgh) was a Scottish maker of medical instruments, optician and meteorologist. He was the inventor of the sympiesometer, patented in 1818.", "Q132689": "Casablanca is a 1942 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz based on Murray Burnett and Joan Alison's unproduced stage play Everybody Comes to Rick's. The film stars Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman, and Paul Henreid; it also features Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, and Dooley Wilson. Set during World War II, it focuses on an American expatriate who must choose between his love for a woman and helping her and her husband, a Czech resistance leader, escape from the Vichy-controlled city of Casablanca to continue his fight against the Germans.\nWarner Bros. story editor Irene Diamond convinced producer Hal B. Wallis to purchase the film rights to the play in January 1942. Brothers Julius and Philip G. Epstein were initially assigned to write the script. However, despite studio resistance, they left to work on Frank Capra's Why We Fight series early in 1942. Howard Koch was assigned to the screenplay until the Epsteins returned a month later. Principal photography began on May 25, 1942, ending on August 3; the film was shot entirely at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California with the exception of one sequence at Van Nuys Airport in Van Nuys, Los Angeles.\nAlthough Casablanca was an A-list film with established stars and first-rate writers, no one involved with its production expected it to be anything other than one of the hundreds of ordinary pictures produced by Hollywood that year. Casablanca was rushed into release to take advantage of the publicity from the Allied invasion of North Africa a few weeks earlier. It had its world premiere on November 26, 1942, in New York City and was released nationally in the United States on January 23, 1943. The film was a solid if unspectacular success in its initial run.\nExceeding expectations, Casablanca went on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture, while Curtiz was selected as Best Director and the Epsteins and Koch were honored for writing the Best Adapted Screenplay. Its reputation gradually improved, to the point that its lead characters, memorable lines, and pervasive theme song have all become iconic and it consistently ranks near the top of lists of the greatest films in history.", "Q48875": "Pesniary (also spelled Pesnyary, Belarusian: \u041f\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0440\u044b, [p\u02b2es\u02b2n\u02b2a\u02c8r\u0268]) was a popular Soviet Belarusian folk rock VIA. It was founded in 1969 by guitarist Vladimir Mulyavin. Before 1970 the band was known under the name Liavony (\u041b\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043d\u044b).", "Q325359": "Laibach (German pronunciation: [\u02c8la\u026abax]) is a Slovenian avant-garde music group associated with the industrial, martial and neo-classical genres. Formed in the mining town of Trbovlje (at the time in Yugoslavia) in 1980, Laibach represents the musical wing of the Neue Slowenische Kunst (NSK) collective, a group which Laibach helped found in 1984. \"Laibach\" is the German historical name for the Slovenian capital Ljubljana, itself an oblique reference to the Nazi occupation of Slovenia in World War II.\nFrom the early days, the band was subject to controversies and bans due to their elaborate use of iconography with ambiguously repugnant parodies and pastiches of elements from totalitarianism, nationalism and militarism, a concept they have preserved throughout their career. Censored and banned in Socialist Yugoslavia and receiving a kind of dissident status, the band embarked on international tours and gradually acquired international fame. After Slovenia became independent in 1991, Laibach's status in the country has turned from rejection to promotion into a national cultural icon, which included performances with the Slovenian symphony orchestra.\nEarly Laibach albums were pure industrial, with heavy rhythms and roaring vocals. Later in the mid-80s, the sound became more richly layered, featuring samples from classical music. The lyrics, usually delivered by bass voice of the singer Milan Fras, written in German, Slovene and English, originally treated war and military themes, but later turned focus to any highly charged political issue of the moment, sending intentionally ambiguous messages. They also recorded several cover versions of popular songs, often turning light melodies into sinister-sounding Gothic tunes.\nThe band has seen numerous line-up changes, with Dejan Knez, Milan Fras, Ervin Marko\u0161ek and Ivan \"Jani\" Novak forming the best-known line-up. They have worked with a number of collaborators and guest musicians. Laibach has also recorded film soundtracks, theatre music, produced works of visual art, and band members have embarked on a number of side projects.", "Q133597": "Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel Egido P\u00e9rez (born 1951, in Redondela) is a Spanish actor. He won the 2003 Goya award for Best New Actor for his performance as Lino in Mondays in the Sun.", "Q239002": "Ornella Vanoni (Italian pronunciation: [or\u02c8n\u025blla va\u02c8no\u02d0ni]; born 22 September 1934) is one of the most credited pop singers of Italy. She is known for her sophisticated pop style.", "Q85813": "Dr. Walter Riehl (8 November 1881 \u2013 6 September 1955) was an Austrian lawyer and politician who was an early exponent of Austrian National Socialism. Belonging to the wing of that ideology that favoured links between Germany and an independent Austria, he lost influence as the drive for Anschluss grew within both Austrian National Socialism and German Nazism.\n\n", "Q102992": "Klaus Peter Br\u00e4hmig (born 1 August 1957 in K\u00f6nigstein, Bezirk Dresden) is a German politician and member of the CDU. He has represented S\u00e4chsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge in the Bundestag since 2002.", "Q229211": "Nancy Jean Cartwright (born October 25, 1957) is an American actress and voice actress, known for her long-running role as Bart Simpson on the animated television series The Simpsons. Cartwright also voices other characters for the show, including Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum, Todd Flanders, Kearney, Database, and Maggie.\nCartwright was born in Dayton, Ohio. Cartwright moved to Hollywood in 1978 and trained alongside voice actor Daws Butler. Her first professional role was voicing Gloria in the animated series Richie Rich, which she followed with a starring role in the television movie Marian Rose White (1982) and her first feature film, Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983).\nAfter continuing to search for acting work, in 1987, Cartwright auditioned for a role in a series of animated shorts about a dysfunctional family that was to appear on The Tracey Ullman Show. Cartwright intended to audition for the role of Lisa Simpson, the middle child; when she arrived at the audition, she found the role of Bart\u2014Lisa's brother\u2014to be more interesting. Matt Groening, the series' creator, allowed her to audition for Bart and offered her the role on the spot. She voiced Bart for three seasons on The Tracey Ullman Show, and in 1989, the shorts were spun off into a half-hour show called The Simpsons. For her subsequent work as Bart, Cartwright received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance in 1992 and an Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in the Field of Animation in 1995.\nBesides The Simpsons, Cartwright has also voiced numerous other animated characters, including Daffney Gillfin in The Snorks, Rufus in Kim Possible, Mindy in Animaniacs, Pistol in Goof Troop, Margo Sherman in The Critic, Todd Daring in The Replacements, and Charles \"Chuckie\" Finster, Jr. in Rugrats and All Grown Up! (a role she assumed in 2002, following the retirement of Christine Cavanaugh). In 2000, she published her autobiography, My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy, and four years later, adapted it into a one-woman play. In 2017, she wrote and produced the film In Search of Fellini.", "Q70332": "Romanel-sur-Morges is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Morges.", "Q3589": "The Manchurian Candidate is a 2004 American neo-noir psychological political \nthriller film directed by Jonathan Demme. The film, based on Richard Condon's 1959 novel of the same name and a re-working of the previous 1962 film, stars Denzel Washington as Bennett Marco, a tenacious, virtuous soldier; Liev Schreiber as Raymond Shaw, a U.S. Representative from New York, manipulated into becoming a vice-presidential candidate; Jon Voight as U.S. Senator Tom Jordan, a challenger for vice president; and Meryl Streep as Eleanor Prentiss Shaw, also a U.S. Senator and the manipulative, ruthless mother of Raymond Shaw.", "Q313833": "Stefan Nikolov Stambolov (Bulgarian: \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432) (31 January 1854 OS\u2013 19 July 1895 OS) was a Bulgarian politician, journalist, revolutionist, and poet who served as Prime Minister and regent. He is considered one of the most important and popular \"Founders of Modern Bulgaria\", and is sometimes referred to as \"the Bulgarian Bismarck\". In 1875 and 1876 he took part in the preparation for the Stara Zagora uprising, as well as the April Uprising. Stambolov was, after Stanko Todorov and Todor Zhivkov, one of the country's longest-serving prime ministers. Criticised for his dictatorial methods, he was among the initiators of economic and cultural progress in Bulgaria during the time of the Balkan Wars.", "Q472728": "Ibn Warraq is the pen name of an anonymous author critical of Islam. He is the founder of the Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Society and used to be a senior research fellow at the Center for Inquiry, focusing on Quranic criticism. Warraq is the Vice-President of the World Encounter Institute.Warraq has written historiographies of the early centuries of the Islamic timeline and has published works which question mainstream conceptions of the period. The pen name Ibn Warraq (Arabic: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u200e, most literally \"son of a papermaker\") is used due to his concerns for his personal safety; Warraq stated, \"I was afraid of becoming the second Salman Rushdie.\" It is a name that has been adopted by dissident authors throughout the history of Islam. The name refers to the 9th-century skeptical scholar Abu Isa al-Warraq. Warraq adopted the pseudonym in 1995 when he completed his first book, entitled Why I Am Not a Muslim.Warraq's commentary on Islam has been criticized by academic specialists in Islamic history as polemical, overly revisionist and lacking in expertise, while others praised it as refreshing, well-researched, and mostly accurate.He is the author of nine books, including The Origins of the Koran (1998), The Quest for the Historical Muhammad (2000), What the Koran Really Says: Language, Text and Commentary (2002), Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said's Orientalism (2007), Which Koran?: Variants, Manuscripts, and the Influence of Pre-Islamic Poetry (2008), Why the West Is Best: A Muslim Apostate's Defense of Liberal Democracy (2011) and Sir Walter Scott's Crusades & Other Fantasies (2013).", "Q260177": "Sprague Grayden (born July 21, 1980) is an American actress. She played schoolteacher Heather Lisinski in the television drama Jericho, Karen Kawalski in John Doe, first daughter Olivia Taylor in the television thriller 24, and Kristi Rey in the films Paranormal Activity 2 and 3.", "Q189779": "Antonio Jos\u00e9 de Sucre y Alcal\u00e1 (Spanish pronunciation: [an\u02c8tonjo xo\u02c8se \u00f0e \u02c8suk\u027ee j alka\u02c8la] (listen); 1795\u20131830), known as the \"Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho\" (English: \"Grand Marshal of Ayacucho\"), was a Venezuelan independence leader who served as the fourth President of Peru and as President of Bolivia. Sucre was one of Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar's closest friends, generals and statesmen.\nDue to his influence on geopolitical affairs of Latin America, a number of notable localities on the continent now bear Sucre's name. These include the eponymous capital of Bolivia, the Venezuelan state, the department of Colombia and both the old and new airports of Ecuador's capital Quito. Additionally, many schools, streets and districts across the region bear his name as well.", "Q471209": "J\u00e1chym Topol (born 4 August 1962) is a Czech poet, novelist, musician and journalist who became a laureate of the State Prize for Literature in October 2017 for his novel Sensitive Man.", "Q90588": "Abraham Baer (born in Filehne, Prussia, Germany, December 26, 1834; died at Gothenburg, Sweden, March 7, 1894) was a German cantor, musician, and composer. His father destined him for the rabbinate; but his love for music and the song of the synagogue caused him to choose to become a Cantor (Hazzan). At an early age he emigrated to Germany, and there under the tutelage of eminent \u1e25azanim prepared himself for his sacred calling. He officiated for a time at Pakosh and Schwetz in West Prussia, and at the age of twenty-three (in 1857) was called to Gothenburg. Well equipped with Hebrew and Talmudic learning, he applied himself to the acquisition of secular knowledge and the science and art of music.\nHis researches were especially directed to the field of Jewish traditional melodies, then but little explored. In 1871, after fifteen years of hard work, he published his work, B\u0101'al Tefillah, oder der Practische Vorbeter \u2014 an almost complete collection of Jewish traditional melodies, of which a second revised and enlarged edition (358 pp. folio) appeared in 1883. The work contains fifteen hundred and five melodies, in German, Polish, and Portuguese (Sephardic) versions, and is divided into four parts: (1) for the services on week-days; (2) for Shabbat; (3) for the three festivals Pesa\u1e25, Shabu'ot, and Sukkot; (4) for the two great holidays, Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur; together with an appendix containing notes on the liturgy, the reading of the Torah, and directions and formulas for writing betrothal and marriage contracts.\nThe collection is more complete in German and Polish melodies than in Portuguese. Occasionally a fourth version is appended, called by the compiler Neue Weise, but this seems to be his own composition or that of other contemporaneous cantors. Cantors can find therein all traditional tunes of the synagogue \u2014 most of which were theretofore to be acquired orally from older \u1e25azanim alone. Many of the more familiar melodies had been collected and published before Baer by Solomon Sulzer and Hirsch Weintraub; and melody No. 714, p. 160, is found even in a work published in the eighteenth century by Benedetto Marcello, called Estro Poetico Armonico, in which it appears under the head of Intonazione degli Ebrei Spagnuoli.", "Q192417": "Callimachus (; Greek: \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2, Kallimakhos; c. 310/305\u2013c. 240 BC) was a native of the Greek colony of Cyrene, Libya. He was a poet, critic and scholar at the Library of Alexandria and enjoyed the patronage of the Egyptian\u2013Greek Pharaohs Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Ptolemy III Euergetes. Although he was never made chief librarian, he was responsible for producing a bibliographic survey based upon the contents of the Library. This, his Pinakes, 120 volumes long, provided the foundation for later work on the history of ancient Greek literature. He is among the most productive and influential scholar-poets of the Hellenistic age.\n\n", "Q100175": "Lilli Camille Schweiger (born 17 July 1998) is a German child actress. She is best known for her performance in the 2007 film Keinohrhasen and its 2009 sequel Zweiohrk\u00fcken, both of which were directed by her father Til Schweiger.", "Q459585": "The Script is an Irish rock band formed in 2007 in Dublin, Ireland. They first released music in 2008. It consists of lead vocalist and keyboardist Daniel O'Donoghue, lead guitarist Mark Sheehan, and drummer Glen Power. The band moved to London after signing to Sony Label Group imprint Phonogenic and released its eponymous debut album in August 2008, preceded by the successful singles \"The Man Who Can't Be Moved\" and \"Breakeven\". The album peaked at number one in both Ireland and the UK. Their next three albums, Science & Faith (2010), #3 (2012) and No Sound Without Silence (2014), all topped the album charts in Ireland and the UK, while Science & Faith reached number three in the US. Hit singles from the albums include \"For the First Time\", \"Nothing\", \"Hall of Fame\" and \"Superheroes\". The band's fifth studio album, Freedom Child, was released on 1 September 2017, and features the UK Top 20 single \"Rain\".\nThe Script's music has been featured in television programmes such as 90210, Ghost Whisperer, The Hills, Waterloo Road, EastEnders, Made in Chelsea and The Vampire Diaries. Frontman Danny O'Donoghue was also a coach on The Voice UK for seasons 1 and 2, before leaving the show in order to focus more on the band. The band has won three Meteor Ireland Music Awards and two World Music Awards and have received two Brit Award nominations. The Script have sold over 20 million albums worldwide.", "Q775969": "Dirk Coster (October 5, 1889 \u2013 February 12, 1950), was a Dutch physicist. He was a Professor of Physics and Meteorology at the University of Groningen. \nCoster was born in Amsterdam. On February 26, 1919, he married Lina Maria Wijsman, who held a degree in Oriental languages. Eventually, she was one of the first women to obtain a doctorate degree in this field from the University of Leiden. Dirk and Miep had two sons and two daughters (Hendrik, Ada, Els, and Herman). Coster is known as the co-discoverer of Hafnium (Hf) (element 72) in 1923, along with George de Hevesy, by means of X-ray spectroscopic analysis of zirconium ore. The discovery took place in Copenhagen, Denmark.\nHafnia is the Latin name for Copenhagen.", "Q128821": "Stephen Full (born November 13, 1969) is an American actor and comedian, known for his voice role and Stan on the Disney Channel show Dog with a Blog, and acting role as Ash on I'm in the Band, which aired on Disney Channel's sister network, Disney XD.", "Q887102": "Edward Thomas Schafer (born August 8, 1946) is an American businessman and politician who was the 30th governor of North Dakota from 1992 to 2000. Schafer also served as the 29th United States Secretary of Agriculture from 2008 to 2009, appointed by President George W. Bush. From January to July 2016 he served as interim president of the University of North Dakota.\n\n", "Q468758": "Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh (Vietnamese: [xa\u1dc9\u02d0j \u0257\u00ee\u014b\u031f\u02c0]; ch\u1eef H\u00e1n: \u5553\u5b9a; born Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac B\u1eedu \u0110\u1ea3o; 8 October 1885 \u2013 6 November 1925) was the 12th Emperor of the Nguy\u1ec5n Dynasty in Vietnam, reigning from 1916 to 1925. His name at birth was Prince Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac B\u1eedu \u0110\u1ea3o. He was the son of Emperor \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh, but he did not succeed him immediately.", "Q309843": "Jeffrey Bruce Atkins (born February 29, 1976), better known by his stage name Ja Rule (), is an American rapper, songwriter, singer, and actor.\nBorn in Hollis, Queens, he debuted in 1999 with Venni Vetti Vecci and its single \"Holla Holla\". From 1999 to 2005, Ja Rule had multiple hits that made the top 20 of the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart, including \"Between Me and You\" with Christina Milian, \"I'm Real (Murder Remix)\" and \"Ain't It Funny\" with Jennifer Lopez, which both topped the US Billboard Hot 100, the Grammy-nominated #1 hit \"Always on Time\" with Ashanti, \"Mesmerize\" with Ashanti, and \"Wonderful\" with R. Kelly and Ashanti. During the 2000s, Ja Rule was signed to Murder Inc. Records, formerly known as The Inc. Records and led by Irv Gotti. Rule has been nominated for two American Music Awards and four Grammy Awards with his fellow collaborators Lil' Mo, Vita, Ashanti and Case. Following the release of his platinum-selling debut Venni Vetti Vecci (1999), it was followed by his second and third albums Rule 3:36 (2000) and Pain Is Love (2001). Both albums topped the US Billboard 200 album chart, launching him into the mainstream audience, selling over a combined 15 million records and attaining triple platinum status from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), becoming his best-selling albums to date. Rule followed up with his fourth, fifth and sixth albums The Last Temptation (2002), Blood in My Eye (2003) and R.U.L.E. (2004), with Temptation attaining Platinum status and R.U.L.E. reaching gold status. As of 2018, Rule has sold 11.4 million units in the US and has sold over 30 million records worldwide. In 2019, he joined the main cast of WeTV's Growing Up Hip Hop: New York.", "Q65071": "M\u00fcmliswil-Ramiswil is a municipality in the district of Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q1192606": "Motoi Sakuraba (\u685c\u5ead \u7d71, Sakuraba Motoi, born August 5, 1965) is a Japanese composer and keyboardist known for his numerous musical contributions in video games, anime series, television dramas, and progressive rock albums. Some of his notable works include the Tales, Star Ocean, Mario Golf, Mario Tennis, Golden Sun, and Dark Souls series.", "Q71004": "Emile Berliner (May 20, 1851 \u2013 August 3, 1929), originally Emil Berliner, was a German-born inventor. He is best known for inventing the vertical-cut flat disc record (called a \"gramophone record\" in British and American English) used with a Phonograph. He founded the United States Gramophone Company in 1894, The Gramophone Company in London, England, in 1897, Deutsche Grammophon in Hanover, Germany, in 1898, Berliner Gram-o-phone Company of Canada in Montreal in 1899 (chartered in 1904), and Victor Talking Machine Company in 1901 with Eldridge Johnson.", "Q11928": "Swing Vote is a 2008 American comedy-drama film about an entire U.S. presidential election determined by the vote of one man. It was directed by Joshua Michael Stern, and stars Kevin Costner, Paula Patton, Kelsey Grammer, Dennis Hopper, Nathan Lane, Stanley Tucci, George Lopez and Madeline Carroll. The film was released on August 1, 2008.", "Q517826": "(Susan) Hilary Spurling (n\u00e9e Forrest), CBE, FRSL (born 25 December 1940), is a British writer, known for her work as a journalist and biographer.", "Q963284": "Jorge Telerman (born November 29, 1956) is an Argentine politician and journalist. He was the fourth Chief of Government of Buenos Aires City, replacing An\u00edbal Ibarra between 2006 and 2007. He was previously Vice-Chief of Government, National Secretary of Culture, and Ambassador.", "Q3656272": "Yutaka Katayama (\u7247\u5c71\u8c4a, born Yutaka Asoh; 15 September 1909 \u2013 19 February 2015), also known as Mr. K, was a Japanese automotive executive who was employed by Nissan and served as the first president of Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A. Katayama expanded Nissan's focus from economy vehicles towards sportier vehicles, and is regarded by Datsun/Nissan Z Car enthusiasts as the father of the Z-Car, as well as the Datsun 510.", "Q61217": "Otto Braun (28 September 1900 \u2013 15 August 1974) was a German Communist with a long and varied career. His most significant role was as a Comintern agent sent to China in 1934, to advise the Communist Party of China (CPC) on military strategy during the Chinese Civil War. At the time Braun adopted a Chinese name, Li De (Chinese: \u674e\u5fb7; pinyin: L\u01d0 D\u00e9); it was only many years later that Otto Braun and \"Li De\" came to be known as the same person.\n\n", "Q77475": "Ludwig Ganghofer (7 July 1855 \u2013 24 July 1920) was a German writer who became famous for his homeland novels.", "Q932975": "Colton Lee Haynes (born July 13, 1988) is an American actor and model. He is known for his starring role as Jackson Whittemore in the MTV supernatural drama series Teen Wolf and as Roy Harper / Arsenal in the CW superhero television series Arrow.", "Q520052": "Andr\u00e9 Jung (born 13 December 1953) is a Luxembourgian theatre and film actor. He studied performing arts at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart and worked subsequently at various theaters including the Theater Basel, the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg and the Schauspielhaus Z\u00fcrich.", "Q389925": "Havana is a 1990 American drama film starring Robert Redford, Lena Olin, Alan Arkin and Raul Julia, directed by Sydney Pollack with music by Dave Grusin. The film's plot concerns Jack Weil (Redford), an American professional gambler who decides to visit Havana, Cuba to gamble in 1958 on the eve of the Cuban Revolution.", "Q172285": "Egbert \"Eppie\" Wietzes (born 28 May 1938 in Assen, Netherlands) is a former racing driver from Canada.\n\n", "Q4354147": "Charles Kenneth Horne, generally known as Kenneth Horne, (27 February 1907 \u2013 14 February 1969) was an English comedian and businessman. He is perhaps best remembered for his work on three BBC Radio series: Much-Binding-in-the-Marsh (1944\u201354), Beyond Our Ken (1958\u201364) and Round the Horne (1965\u201368).\nThe son of a clergyman who was also a politician, Horne had a burgeoning business career with Triplex Safety Glass, which was interrupted by service with the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. While serving in a barrage balloon unit, he was asked to broadcast as a quizmaster on the BBC radio show Ack-Ack, Beer-Beer. The experience brought him into contact with the more established entertainer Richard Murdoch, and the two wrote and starred in the comedy series Much-Binding-in-the-Marsh. After demobilisation Horne returned to his business career, and kept his broadcasting as a sideline. His career in industry flourished, and he later became the chairman and managing director of toy manufacturers Chad Valley.\nIn 1958 Horne suffered a stroke and gave up his business dealings to focus on his entertainment work. He was the anchor figure in Beyond Our Ken, which also featured Kenneth Williams, Hugh Paddick, Betty Marsden and Bill Pertwee. When the programme came to an end in 1964, the same cast recorded four series of the comedy Round the Horne.\nBefore the planned fifth series of Round the Horne began recording, Horne died of a heart attack while hosting the annual Guild of Television Producers' and Directors' Awards; Round the Horne could not continue without him and was withdrawn. The series has been regularly re-broadcast since his death. A 2002 BBC radio survey to find listeners' favourite British comedian placed Horne third, behind Tony Hancock and Spike Milligan.", "Q200873": "The Lost World: Jurassic Park is a 1997 American science fiction adventure film and the second installment in the Jurassic Park film series. A sequel to 1993's Jurassic Park and loosely based on Michael Crichton's 1995 novel The Lost World, the film was directed by Steven Spielberg and written by David Koepp. The film stars Jeff Goldblum, returning as the eccentric chaos theorist and mathematician Ian Malcolm, as well as Julianne Moore, Pete Postlethwaite, Vince Vaughn, Vanessa Lee Chester, and Arliss Howard. Four years after the events of the original film, John Hammond (Richard Attenborough) sends a team, led by Malcolm, to Isla Sorna, the second island Hammond's company InGen used to make the dinosaurs, to study the animals while coming into conflict with a team led by InGen to bring some of the dinosaurs back onto homeland.\nAfter the original novel's release and the first film's success, fans pressured Crichton for a sequel. Following the book's publication in 1995, production began on a film sequel. Filming took place from September to December 1996, primarily in California, with a shoot in Kauai, Hawaii, where the first film was shot. The Lost World's plot and imagery is substantially darker than Jurassic Park. It makes more extensive use of computer-generated imagery to depict the dinosaurs, along with life-sized animatronics.\nReleased on May 23, 1997, the film received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the visuals and action sequences, but criticized the writing, character development, and the third act of the Tyrannosaurus attacking San Diego. The film was a box office success, grossing over $618 million worldwide, becoming the second-highest-grossing film of 1997. It earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects. A sequel, Jurassic Park III, was released on July 18, 2001.", "Q48685": "The Kingdom of Judah (Hebrew: \u05de\u05b7\u05de\u05b0\u05dc\u05b6\u05db\u05b6\u05ea \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4 Maml\u00e9\u1e35e\u1e6f Yehud\u0101h; Akkadian: \ud808\udd40\ud808\udf11\ud808\udc55\ud808\udc00\ud808\udc00 Ya'uda; Aramaic: \ud802\udd01\u202c\ud802\udd09\u202c\ud802\udd15\u202c\ud802\udd03\ud802\udd05\u202c\ud802\udd03\u200e B\u0113yt D\u0101w\u012b\u1e0f) was an Iron Age kingdom of the Southern Levant. The Hebrew Bible depicts it as the successor to the United Monarchy, a term denoting the Kingdom of Israel under biblical kings Saul, David and Solomon and covering the territory of two historical kingdoms, Judah and Israel; but some scholars, including Israel Finkelstein and Alexander Fantalkin, believe that the existent archaeological evidence for an extensive Kingdom of Judah before the late 8th century BCE is too weak, and that the methodology used to obtain the evidence is flawed. Such scholars believe that, prior to this era, the kingdom was no more than a small tribal entity which was limited to Jerusalem and its immediate surroundings.In the 10th and early 9th centuries BCE, the territory of Judah appears to have been sparsely populated, limited to small rural settlements, most of them unfortified. Jerusalem, the kingdom's capital, likely did not emerge as a significant administrative center until the end of the 8th century; before this the archaeological evidence suggests its population was too small to sustain a viable kingdom. In the 7th century its population increased greatly, prospering under Assyrian vassalage (despite Hezekiah's revolt against the Assyrian king Sennacherib), but in 605 the Assyrian Empire was defeated, and the ensuing competition between the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt and the Neo-Babylonian Empire for control of the Eastern Mediterranean led to the destruction of the kingdom in a series of campaigns between 597 and 582, the deportation of the elite of the community, and the incorporation of Judah into a province of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.", "Q67100": "Lachen is a municipality in March District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.", "Q322378": "Sverre Holm Gundersen (24 July 1931 \u2013 17 March 2005) was a renowned Norwegian stage and film actor. He is probably best known for playing \"Benny\" in the Olsenbanden-movies (1969\u20131999), and as station master O. Tidemann the Norwegian children's program Sesam Stasjon (1990\u20131998), the Norwegian version of the US program, Sesame Street.\nSverre Holm was born in Drammen and was in his youth a relatively good player for a bandy club known as Drafn. He died in Larvik, Norway at the age of 73, from cancer.", "Q388385": "Afrodite Superstar is an American independent art film shot in New York City in 2006. The film has also been referred to as erotica. The director also refers to the film as an experimental film as the characters break the fourth wall, and there is a blend of satire. Afrodite Superstar was directed by Venus Hottentot. Executive producer Candida Royalle is also credited with directing the sexual scenes. Afrodite Superstar has been endorsed by American Association of Sexual Educators, Counselors and Therapists and premiered in 2007 at the New School for Social Research with a discussion about women of color and sexual images. The film subsequently screened as part of an art exhibit called Hos, Putas and Dragon Ladies: Our Sexuality Remixed at the chashama Gallery in Manhattan. Afrodite Superstar was nominated for 7 AVN Awards in 2007 including \"Best Director\", \"Best Screenplay\" and \"Best Musical Score.\" The film was referred to as \"erotic\" and \"cerebral\" in Essence, and was mentioned in The Village Voice\u2032s 2007 Sexy Gift Guide by sexpert Tristan Taormino.\n\n", "Q231310": "Helen Elizabeth McCrory, (born 17 August 1968) is a British actress.\nMcCrory portrayed Cherie Blair in both The Queen (2006) and The Special Relationship (2010). She also portrayed Francoise in the film Charlotte Gray (2001), Narcissa Malfoy in the final three Harry Potter films, Mama Jeanne in Martin Scorsese's family film Hugo (2011), Clair Dowar in the James Bond film Skyfall (2012), Polly Gray in Peaky Blinders (2013\u2013present), Emma Banville in Fearless (2017) and Kathryn Villiers in MotherFatherSon (2019).", "Q186304": "Kimberly Kardashian West (n\u00e9e Kimberly Noel Kardashian; born October 21, 1980) is an American media personality, model, businesswoman, socialite, and actress. Kardashian first gained media attention as a friend and stylist of Paris Hilton but received wider notice after a 2002 sex tape, Kim Kardashian, Superstar, with her then-boyfriend Ray J was released in 2007. Later that year, she and her family began to appear in the E! reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians (2007\u2013present). Its success soon led to the creation of spin-offs including Kourtney and Kim Take New York (2011\u20132012) and Kourtney and Kim Take Miami (2009\u20132013).\nKardashian has developed an online and social media presence, including hundreds of millions of followers on Twitter and Instagram. She has released a variety of products tied to her name, including the 2014 mobile game Kim Kardashian: Hollywood, a variety of clothing and products, the 2015 photo book Selfish and her eponymous personal app. Her relationship with rapper Kanye West has also received significant media coverage; the couple married in 2014, and they have four children together. As an actress, Kardashian has appeared in films such as Disaster Movie (2008), Deep in the Valley (2009) and Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor (2013).\nIn recent years, Kardashian has focused on her own businesses by founding KKW Beauty and KKW fragrance in 2017. In 2019 she launched Skims which was previously called Kimono but the name was changed due to immediate backlash. She has also become more politically active by lobbying president Donald Trump for prison reform and lobbying for Alice Marie Johnson to be granted clemency. Kardashian is also planning to become a lawyer by doing a four-year law apprenticeship that is supervised by the law firm #cut50 at which Van Jones is a partner.Time magazine included Kardashian on their list of 2015's 100 most influential people, while Vogue described her in 2016 as a \"pop culture phenomenon.\" Both critics and admirers have described her as exemplifying the notion of being famous for being famous. She was reported to be the highest-paid reality television personality of 2015, with her estimated total earnings exceeding US$53 million.", "Q4707930": "Alan N. Trefler (born March 10, 1956) is an American businessman and chess master best known as the chief executive officer (CEO) of Pegasystems, a multinational software company he founded in 1983. Prior to Pegasystems, in 1975 Trefler tied for first place in the World Open Chess Championship with grandmaster Pal Benko, afterwards working as a software engineer for Casher Associates and TMI Systems. Founding Pegasystems at the age of 27, he took the company Public company in 1996, with Trefler remaining clerk and president until 1999 and afterwards becoming CEO. With a 52 percent ownership stake in Pegasystems, his net worth surpassed $1 billion in 2013 and in March 2017 he appeared on the Forbes Billionaire's List for the first time. In 2014 he authored the book Build for Change, which addresses changing consumer markets. Involved in philanthropy, in 1997 he established the Trefler Foundation.\n\n", "Q314812": "Jonathan Southworth Ritter (September 17, 1948 \u2013 September 11, 2003) was an American actor and comedian. He was the son of the singing cowboy star Tex Ritter and the father of actors Jason and Tyler Ritter. Ritter is known for playing Jack Tripper on the ABC sitcom Three's Company (1977\u20131984), for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award in 1984. He briefly reprised the role on the spin-off Three's a Crowd, which aired for one season.\nRitter appeared in over 100 films and television series combined and performed on Broadway, with roles including adult Ben Hanscom in It (1990), Problem Child (1990), Problem Child 2 (1991), and Bad Santa in 2003 (his final live action film, which was dedicated to his memory). In 2002, Don Knotts called Ritter the \"greatest physical comedian on the planet\". His final roles include voicing the title character on the PBS children's program Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000\u20132003), for which he received four Daytime Emmy Award nominations, and as Paul Hennessy on the ABC sitcom 8 Simple Rules (2002\u20132003).", "Q710883": "John Battiscombe \"J. B.\" Gunn (13 May 1928 \u2013 2 December 2008), known as Ian or Iain, was a British physicist, who spent most of his career in the United States. He discovered the Gunn Effect, which led to the invention of the Gunn diode, the first inexpensive source of microwave power that did not require vacuum tubes. He was born John Battiscombe Gunn, but only used that name in legal documents.", "Q228899": "Linda Louise McCartney, Lady McCartney (n\u00e9e Eastman; formerly See; September 24, 1941 \u2013 April 17, 1998) was an American photographer, musician, animal rights activist, and entrepreneur. She was best known as the first wife of Paul McCartney of the Beatles and for her photographs of celebrities and contemporary musicians. Her photos were published in the book Linda McCartney's Sixties: Portrait of an Era in 1992.Linda married Paul in March 1969 at the register office in Marylebone, London and thereafter went to St John's Wood Church for a blessing. Her daughter, Heather Louise, from her marriage to Melville See, was adopted by her new husband. Together, the McCartneys had three other children. After the 1970 breakup of the Beatles, Paul and Linda recorded the album Ram and formed the band Wings in 1971. She continued to be part of her husband's touring band following Wings' breakup in 1981 up until The New World Tour in 1993.\nLinda became an animal rights activist and wrote and published several vegetarian cookbooks. She also founded the Linda McCartney Foods company with her husband. In 1995, she was diagnosed with breast cancer and died from the disease in 1998 at the age of 56.", "Q2287085": "The Kuban Soviet Republic (April 13 \u2013 May 30, 1918) was part of Soviet Russia within the general territory of the Kuban. Its capital was Yekaterinodar.\nIt was merged into the Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic on May 30, 1918, less than 2 months after it was formed.", "Q104475": "Gallienus (; Latin: Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Augustus; c. 218 \u2013 September 268), also known as Gallien, was Roman Emperor with his father Valerian from 22 October 253 to spring 260 and alone from spring 260 to September 268. He ruled during the Crisis of the Third Century that nearly caused the collapse of the empire. While he won a number of military victories, he was unable to prevent the secession of important provinces. His 15-year reign was the longest since the 19-year rule of Septimius Severus.\nBorn into a wealthy and traditional senatorial family, Gallienus was the son of Valerian and Mariniana. Valerian became Emperor on 22 October 253 and had the Roman senate elevate Gallienus to the ranks of Caesar and Augustus. Valerian divided the empire between him and his son, with Valerian ruling the east and his son the west. Gallienus defeated the usurper Ingenuus in 258 and destroyed an Alemanni army at Mediolanum in 259.\nThe defeat and capture of Valerian at Edessa in 260 by the Sasanian Empire threw the Roman Empire into the chaos of civil war. Control of the whole empire passed to Gallienus. He defeated the eastern usurpers Macrianus Major and Mussius Aemilianus in 261\u2013262 but failed to stop the formation of the breakaway Gallic Empire under general Postumus. Aureolus, another usurper, proclaimed himself emperor in Mediolanum in 268 but was defeated outside the city by Gallienus and besieged inside. While the siege was ongoing, Gallienus was stabbed to death by the officer Cecropius as part of a conspiracy.", "Q4527494": "Mikhail Vasilyevich Shuleikin (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438\u043d; 21 October 1884 - 7 July 1939) was a Soviet scientist in the field of Radio-frequency engineering, professor, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.", "Q221103": "Halloween is a 1978 American horror film directed and scored by John Carpenter, co-written with producer Debra Hill, and starring Donald Pleasence and Jamie Lee Curtis in her film debut. The plot tells about a mental patient who was committed to a sanitarium for murdering his teenage sister on Halloween night when he was six years old. Fifteen years later, he escapes and returns to his hometown, where he stalks a female babysitter and her friends, while under pursuit by his psychiatrist.\nFilming took place in Southern California in May 1978, before premiering in October, where it grossed $70 million, becoming one of the most profitable independent films. Primarily praised for Carpenter's direction and score, many credit the film as the first in a long line of slasher films inspired by Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (1960) and Bob Clark's Black Christmas (1974). Some critics have suggested that Halloween may encourage sadism and misogyny by audiences identifying with its villain. Others have suggested that the film is a social critique of the immorality of youth and teenagers in 1970s America, with many of Myers' victims being sexually promiscuous substance abusers, and the lone heroine is depicted as innocent and pure, hence her survival. Carpenter dismisses such analyses.\nHalloween spawned a film franchise comprising eleven films which helped construct an extensive backstory for its antagonist Michael Myers, sometimes narratively diverging entirely from previous installments. A remake was released in 2007, which was followed by a sequel in 2009. An eleventh installment, which serves as a direct sequel to the original film that retcons all previous sequels, was released in 2018. Another sequel to that installment, Halloween Kills, is scheduled for release on October 16, 2020. Additionally, a novelization, a video game and comic book series have been based on the film. In 2006, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"", "Q209857": "The Kingdom of Lombardy\u2013Venetia (Latin: Regnum Langobardiae et Venetiae), commonly called the \"Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom\" (Italian: Regno Lombardo-Veneto, German: K\u00f6nigreich Lombardo\u2013Venetien), was a constituent land (crown land) of the Austrian Empire. It was created in 1815 by resolution of the Congress of Vienna in recognition of the Austrian House of Habsburg-Lorraine's rights to Lombardy and the former Republic of Venice after the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed in 1805, had collapsed. It was finally dissolved in 1866 when its remaining territory was incorporated into the recently proclaimed Kingdom of Italy.", "Q112217": "Franz Karl Reichleitner (2 December 1906 \u2013 3 January 1944) was an Austrian member in the SS of Nazi Germany who participated in Operation Reinhard during the Holocaust. Reichleitner served as the second and last commandant of Sobib\u00f3r extermination camp from 1 September 1942 until the camp's closure on or about 17 October 1943. As the commanding officer of the camp, Franz Reichleitner directly perpetrated the genocide of Jews.", "Q1682882": "Hamilton Dudley Coleman (May 12, 1845 in New Orleans, Louisiana \u2013 March 16, 1926 in Biloxi, Mississippi) was a businessman and politician who served one term between 1889 and 1991 in the United States House of Representatives for Louisiana's 2nd congressional district.\nColeman served in the Washington Artillery in the Army of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War and was part of the Confederate Army that surrendered at Appomattox, Virginia.\nHe returned to New Orleans and became a manufacturer and dealer of farm equipment, and an organizer of New Orleans's first electric lighting company. He was elected as a Republican to Congress in 1888, but lost his bid for reelection in 1890 to Matthew D. Lagan, the previous holder of the seat. Coleman was the last Republican elected to the House from Louisiana until David C. Treen won the general election in Louisiana's 3rd congressional district in November 1972. Coleman was the last Republican to hold the 2nd District seat, until Joseph Cao won it from Bill Jefferson in 2008; Cao also held it for only a single term.\nColeman ran twice for Congress and governor and once for lieutenant governor, having lost all of those races. From 1899 to 1905, he was the melter and refiner for the since defunct New Orleans Mint. He died in Biloxi in 1926 and is interred at Metairie Cemetery in New Orleans.\n\nUnited States Congress. \"Hamilton D. Coleman (id: C000619)\". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2009-04-16", "Q1149764": "Richard Bishop is an American composer, guitarist and singer best known for his work with the Sun City Girls. He styles himself Sir Richard Bishop.In 2005, Bishop began performing as a solo artist, playing throughout Europe, Australia, and the United States. He has done extensive touring with Will Oldham (Bonnie Prince Billy), Animal Collective, Devendra Banhart, Bill Callahan, and many others.\nBishop\u2019s first official solo record, Salvador Kali, was released by John Fahey\u2019s esteemed Revenant Records label in 1998. The album showcases Bishop's own particular obsessions and roots, drawing from a variety of worldwide sources. Locust Music issued his second record, Improvika, in 2004. This album consists of nine extemporaneous pieces for solo acoustic guitar. Up next was Fingering the Devil, which was recorded at an impromptu session at London\u2019s Southern Studios on a day off from the 2005 European tour. This was followed by two more releases from Locust: Elektronika Demonika, a recording of electronics, containing no guitar at all; and While My Guitar Violently Bleeds, which is made up of three extended compositions for acoustic and electric guitar. Richard's 30-minute film God Damn Religion was released on DVD by Locust in 2006.\n2007 saw the first Sir Richard release from the Drag City label, Polytheistic Fragments. It includes works for acoustic, electric and lapsteel guitar, plus two piano compositions. Next up was The Freak of Araby (Drag City, 2009). This was the first Bishop album to feature a full band of supporting musicians. The record is a tribute to late Egyptian guitarist Omar Khorshid as well as to Middle Eastern music.\nIn May 2010, Drag City released the album False Flag by Rangda, a new group featuring Bishop, Ben Chasny (Six Organs of Admittance, Comets on Fire), and Chris Corsano (Flower-Corsano Duo, Flaherty/Corsano, Jandek, Bj\u00f6rk, etc).\nBishop was a founding member (along with brother Alan Bishop) of ethnic-improv pioneers and underground tricksters Sun City Girls, who during their 26 years (1981\u20132007), produced an extensive discography of over 50 full length albums, 20 one-hour cassettes and a dozen 7\u201d records. In the early 1980s he was also a member of the group Paris 1942 which included Alan Bishop, J. Akkari and former Velvet Underground drummer Moe Tucker.\nIn 2003, Richard Bishop, along with Alan Bishop and Hisham Mayet, founded the Sublime Frequencies label, dedicated to acquiring and releasing obscure sights and sounds from Africa, India, S.E. Asia and beyond.", "Q255682": "Agnes Ayres (born Agnes Eyre Henkel; April 4, 1898 \u2013 December 25, 1940) was an American actress who rose to fame during the silent film era. She was known for her role as Lady Diana Mayo in The Sheik opposite Rudolph Valentino.", "Q733082": "Guo Shoujing (Chinese: \u90ed\u5b88\u656c, 1231\u20131316), courtesy name Ruosi (\u82e5\u601d), was a Chinese astronomer, hydraulic engineer, mathematician, and politician who lived during the Yuan Dynasty (1271\u20131368). The later Johann Adam Schall von Bell (1591\u20131666) was so impressed with the preserved astronomical instruments of Guo that he called him \"the Tycho Brahe of China.\" Jamal ad-Din cooperated with him.", "Q2915335": "James Montgomery Beggs (born January 9, 1926) served as the 6th Administrator of NASA. Nominated by President Reagan on June 1, 1981, Beggs took his oath of office and entered the post on July 10, 1981, serving until December 4, 1985.\nBorn in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Beggs was a 1947 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and served with the United States Navy until 1954. In 1955, he received a master's degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. Prior to his appointment as NASA Administrator, Beggs had been Executive Vice President and a director of General Dynamics Corp. in St. Louis, Missouri. Previously he had served with NASA in 1968-1969 as Associate Administrator, Office of Advanced Research and Technology. From 1969 to 1973, he was Under Secretary of Transportation. He went to Summa Corp. in Los Angeles, California, as Managing Director, Operations and joined General Dynamics in January 1974. Before joining NASA, he had been with Westinghouse Electric Corporation in Sharon, Pennsylvania and Baltimore, Maryland for thirteen years.\nBeggs served as NASA Administrator until December 1985, when he took an indefinite leave of absence pending disposition of an indictment for contract fraud from the U.S. Justice Department for activities alleged by the Defense Department to have taken place prior to his tenure at NASA. This indictment was later dismissed, and the U.S. Attorney General apologized to Mr. Beggs for any embarrassment. William Graham, the Deputy Administrator, took over as Acting Administrator until the appointment of James C. Fletcher to a second turn as Administrator.\nBeggs married Mary Harrison, and they had five children. Since leaving NASA, Beggs has worked as a consultant from his offices in Bethesda, Maryland. He has been involved with the NASA Alumni League and the Potomac Institute.", "Q328133": "Chris \"Witchhunter\" Dudek (18 December 1966 \u2013 7 September 2008) was a long-time drummer for the German thrash metal band Sodom. He was kicked out of the band in 1992 but came back in 2007 to record The Final Sign of Evil, which featured the original line up for the first time in 22 years. In 2008, he died of liver failure at the age of 42.", "Q1229996": "The University of Seville (Universidad de Sevilla) is a university in Seville, Spain. Founded under the name of Colegio Santa Mar\u00eda de Jes\u00fas in 1505, it has a present student body of over 65,000, and is one of the top-ranked universities in the country.", "Q25333": "Alle (Franc-Comtois: Alle) is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy of the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q63366": "Red Road is a 2006 psychological thriller film directed by Andrea Arnold and starring Kate Dickie, Tony Curran, Martin Compston, and Natalie Press. It tells the story of a CCTV security operator who observes through her monitors a man from her past. It is named after, and partly set at, the Red Road Flats in Balornock, Glasgow, Scotland, which were the tallest residential buildings in Europe at the time they were built. It was shot largely in a Dogme 95 style, using handheld cameras and natural light. The Observer polled several filmmakers and film critics who voted it as one of the best British films in the last 25 years.Red Road is the first film in Advance Party, a projected trilogy following a set of rules dictating how the films will be written and directed. They will all be filmed and set in Scotland, using the same characters and cast. Each film will be made by a different first-time director.\n\n", "Q1228450": "Joe King Carrasco (born Joseph Charles Teutsch) is a Tex-Mex new wave guitarist, vocalist and songwriter currently based in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.", "Q370358": "Death Before Dishonor is a 1987 American action film directed by Terry Leonard.", "Q192371": "Polycarp (; Greek: \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2, Pol\u00fdkarpos; Latin: Polycarpus; AD 69 \u2013 155) was a 2nd-century Christian bishop of Smyrna. According to the Martyrdom of Polycarp, he died a martyr, bound and burned at the stake, then stabbed when the fire failed to consume his body. Polycarp is regarded as a saint and Church Father in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran churches. His name means \"much fruit\" in Greek. Both Irenaeus and Tertullian record that Polycarp had been a disciple of John the Apostle. In Illustrious Men.17, Jerome writes that Polycarp was a disciple of John and that John had ordained him bishop of Smyrna. Polycarp is regarded as one of three chief Apostolic Fathers, along with Clement of Rome and Ignatius of Antioch.", "Q705530": "The Art Ensemble of Chicago is an avant-garde jazz group that grew out of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM) in the late 1960s. The ensemble integrates many jazz styles and plays many instruments, including \"little instruments\": bells, bicycle horns, birthday party noisemakers, wind chimes, and various forms of percussion. The musicians wear costumes and face paint while performing. These characteristics combine to make the ensemble's performances both aural and visual. While playing in Europe in 1969, five hundred instruments were used.", "Q289931": "Celia Weston (born December 14, 1951) is an American character actress. Weston received an Independent Spirit Award nomination for her performance in Dead Man Walking (1995), and also had supporting roles in more than 40 movies, including The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), In the Bedroom (2001), Hulk (2003), and The Village (2004). On television, she is best known for her role as Jolene Hunnicutt in the CBS sitcom Alice (1981\u201385).", "Q1687736": "Jerome Patrick Flynn (born 16 March 1963) is an English actor and singer. He is best known for his roles as Paddy Garvey of the King's Fusiliers in the ITV series Soldier Soldier, Fireman Kenny 'Rambo' Baines in the pilot of London's Burning, Bronn in the hit HBO series Game of Thrones and Bennet Drake in Ripper Street.\nHe and his Soldier Soldier co-star Robson Green also performed as Robson & Jerome in the latter half of the 1990s. They released a version of \"Unchained Melody\", which stayed at number 1 for 7 weeks on the UK Chart, selling more than a million copies and becoming the best-selling single of 1995. The duo had two further number 1 singles: \"I Believe\" and \"What Becomes of the Brokenhearted\". Their eponymous debut album and the follow-up Take Two both reached number 1 on the UK Albums Chart.", "Q65703": "Sevgein is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Sevgein, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.", "Q86498": "August Zirner (born 7 January 1956) is an American-Austrian actor, who starred in over 60 film productions. He is one of the most popular actors in Germany.", "Q24039": "Digby Marritt Jones, Baron Jones of Birmingham (born 28 October 1955), known as Sir Digby Jones between 2005 and 2007, is a British businessman and politician, who has served as Director General of the CBI (2000\u201306) and Minister of State for Trade and Investment (2007\u201308).\nHe sits in the House of Lords as a non-aligned active crossbencher. He serves as Non Executive Chairman of Triumph Motorcycles Ltd, Thatcher's Cider Ltd, Elonex Ltd, Metalfloor UK Ltd, ProBuild 360 Ltd, Argentex Group plc and On Logistics Ltd and is a Non-Executive Director of DRP Holdings Ltd. Digby is Chairman of the Advisory Board of X-Force (the Social Enterprise helping Veterans into self-employment) and he is a Member of the South Warwickshire Multi Academy Trust.\n\n", "Q327214": "Hope Springs is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama directed by David Frankel, written by Vanessa Taylor and starring Meryl Streep, Tommy Lee Jones, and Steve Carell. The film was released on August 8, 2012. It received generally positive reviews, and the cast was praised for their performances. It was nominated for a Golden Globe and won a People's Choice Award.", "Q3268619": "The Lyc\u00e9e Chaptal, formerly the Coll\u00e8ge Chaptal, is a large secondary school in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, named after Jean-Antoine Chaptal, with about 2,000 pupils. It was taken over by the City of Paris in 1848 after the founder ran into financial difficulties. The pupils were expected to go on to careers in commerce or manufacturing. The curriculum was innovative for its day, with emphasis on French rather than classical studies, and on modern languages and science. At the first it was primarily a boy's boarding school, but it is now a co-educational day school. The present buildings were completed in 1876. Notable alumni include Alfred Dreyfus, Andr\u00e9 Breton, Jean Anouilh, Daniel Hechter and Nicolas Sarkozy.", "Q461768": "The Spiderwick Chronicles is a 2008 American fantasy adventure film based on the book series of the same name by Holly Black and Tony DiTerlizzi. It was directed by Mark Waters and stars Freddie Highmore, Sarah Bolger, Mary-Louise Parker, Martin Short, Nick Nolte, and Seth Rogen. In the film, set in the Spiderwick Estate in New England, it follows three children who discover a field guide to fairies while encountering various magical creatures that includes goblins, ogres, brownies, boggarts, hobgoblins, trolls and many others.\nProduced by Nickelodeon Movies and distributed by Paramount Pictures, it was released on February 14, 2008, earning $162.8 million against its $90 million budget. The Spiderwick Chronicles received generally positive reviews from critics, with Highmore's dual performance being singled out for praise. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on June 24, 2008, in the United States.\n\n", "Q4723892": "Alfredo Woodward T\u00e9llez (1905\u20131988) was a Mexican businessman, politician and member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. He was born in Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, on December 9, 1905, and died of old age on April 25, 1988. He was the son of American William John Woodward and Josefina Tellez Gil.", "Q107168": "Sepp Oerter (24 September 1870 - 14 December 1928) was a German politician and journalist. As a young man he was an activist member of various anarchist groups. He later moved over to socialist groupings and parties, including the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and, after the SPD split, the anti-war Independent Social Democratic Party (\"Unabh\u00e4ngige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands\" / USPD). During and directly after the revolution, for two months during the first half of 1919 and then for more than a year during 1920/21, he served as head of the regional government / Minister-president in the Free State of Braunschweig (Brunswick). By the time of his death he had broken with the political left and joined the National Socialists.", "Q167844": "Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid. It makes the eye appear pink or reddish. Pain, burning, scratchiness, or itchiness may occur. The affected eye may have increased tears or be \"stuck shut\" in the morning. Swelling of the white part of the eye may also occur. Itching is more common in cases due to allergies. Conjunctivitis can affect one or both eyes.The most common infectious causes are viral followed by bacterial. The viral infection may occur along with other symptoms of a common cold. Both viral and bacterial cases are easily spread between people. Allergies to pollen or animal hair are also a common cause. Diagnosis is often based on signs and symptoms. Occasionally, a sample of the discharge is sent for culture.Prevention is partly by handwashing. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. In the majority of viral cases, there is no specific treatment. Most cases due to a bacterial infection also resolve without treatment; however, antibiotics can shorten the illness. People who wear contact lenses and those whose infection is caused by gonorrhea or chlamydia should be treated. Allergic cases can be treated with antihistamines or mast cell inhibitor drops.About 3 to 6 million people get conjunctivitis each year in the United States. In adults, viral causes are more common, while in children, bacterial causes are more common. Typically, people get better in one or two weeks. If visual loss, significant pain, sensitivity to light, signs of herpes, or if symptoms do not improve after a week, further diagnosis and treatment may be required. Conjunctivitis in a newborn, known as neonatal conjunctivitis, may also require specific treatment.", "Q523229": "Christopher John Reid, FRSL (born 13 May 1949) is a Hong Kong-born British poet, essayist, cartoonist, and writer. In January 2010 he won the 2009 Costa Book Award for A Scattering, written as a tribute to his late wife, the actress Lucinda Gane. Beside winning the poetry category, Reid became the first poet to take the overall Costa Book of the Year since Seamus Heaney in 1999.\nHe had been nominated for Whitbread Awards in 1996 and in 1997 (Costa Awards under their previous name).", "Q16186952": "Michael Shamus Wiles (born October 27, 1955) is an American character actor of film and television onscreen since the 1980s who has appeared in over 100 films and television shows.", "Q273137": "Dey Young is an American actress and sculptor.\n\n", "Q368503": "Rhoderick Ramos Santos (born October 10, 1982), more commonly known as simply Erik Santos, is a Filipino singer, occasional actor, TV host, commercial model, and the first Grand Champion of the ABS-CBN singing competition Star in a Million Season 1 in 2003.Erik Santos was ABS-CBN's Star in a Million Grand Champion last January 2004. A young balladeer known for his soulful voice, Erik made his way to stardom through the music scene owing the title Prince of Pop. His much-awaited debut album aptly titled \"This Is The Moment\" shows that Erik's moment has indeed come.\nHis passion for music started during his childhood years. He participated in various singing competitions.\nHis Platinum debut album and succeeding albums, sold-out concerts and a demand for corporate shows, accolades from Awit Awards, Star Awards and Aliw Awards, endorsements for a bank (Bank of the Philippine Island's Express Remit), theme songs for radio stations, and even movies earned him an unusual popularity.\nHis first single, Pagbigyang Muli, remained number one of WRR's hit chart for more than 20 weeks together with his other songs filling up the chart simultaneously.\nAmidst all these, Erik still remains charming and this \"realness\" becomes one of the biggest factors why Erik has won audiences nationwide.\n\n", "Q254588": "Natalie Schafer (November 5, 1900 \u2013 April 10, 1991) was an American actress of film, stage and television, known for her role as Lovey Howell on the sitcom Gilligan's Island (1964\u20131967).", "Q263324": "William Denby Hanna (July 14, 1910 \u2013 March 22, 2001) was an American animator, director, producer, voice actor, cartoon artist, and musician whose film and television cartoon characters entertained millions of people for much of the 20th century.\nAfter working odd jobs in the first months of the Great Depression, Hanna joined the Harman and Ising animation studio in 1930. During the 1930s, Hanna steadily gained skill and prominence while working on cartoons such as Captain and the Kids. In 1937, while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Hanna met Joseph Barbera. The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing Tom and Jerry. In 1957, they co-founded Hanna-Barbera, which became the most successful television animation studio in the business, creating and/or producing programs such as The Flintstones, The Huckleberry Hound Show, The Jetsons, Scooby-Doo, The Smurfs, and Yogi Bear. In 1967, Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $12 million, but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company until 1991. At that time, the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System, which in turn was merged with Time Warner in 1996; Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors.\nTom and Jerry won seven Academy Awards, while Hanna and Barbera were nominated for two others and won eight Emmy Awards. Their cartoons have become cultural icons, and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films, books, and toys. Hanna-Barbera's shows had a worldwide audience of over 300 million people in their 1960s heyday, and have been translated into more than 28 languages.\n\n", "Q192365": "Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator (c. 485 \u2013 c. 585), commonly known as Cassiodorus (), was a Roman statesman, renowned scholar of antiquity, and writer serving in the administration of Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths. Senator was part of his surname, not his rank. He also founded a monastery, Vivarium, where he spent the last years of his life.", "Q24885739": "Good Girls Revolt is an American period drama web television series. It is inspired by Lynn Povich's 2013 book The Good Girls Revolt and based on real-life events. The show was released on October 28, 2016, on Prime Video.On December 2, 2016, Amazon cancelled the series after one season.", "Q434027": "Belinda Bauer (born Belinda Sylvia Taubman; 13 June 1950) is a retired Australian actress and working psychologist whose film career spanned the 1980s and 1990s. She lives in Los Angeles, California.", "Q1909258": "William Matthew \"Matt\" Noveskey (born June 16, 1976) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, guitarist, and bassist, best known for his work with the bands Blue October and (a+)machines.", "Q68227": "Richterswil (Swiss German: Richtischwiil ) is a municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q268271": "Vanessa Madeline Angel (born 10 November 1966) is an English actress and former model. She played the role of Lisa on the television series Weird Science. She is also known for her role as Claudia in the film Kingpin.", "Q247292": "Y\u0131lmaz Onay (20 April 1937 \u2013 9 January 2018) was a Turkish author, theatre director and translator.He translated plays, which most of them are known plays of Bertolt Brecht, stories, novels, books of poems and non-fiction books from German to Turkish and write plays and novels; all published. As a director, he staged most of Brecht's works, in a theatre called Epic Theatre which he was one of the frontiers of this theatre movement in Turkey.\nOnay's first accomplishment as director was, staging a known play Fear and Misery of the Third Reich written by Brecht.", "Q77307": "Ferdinand Reich (19 February 1799 \u2013 27 April 1882) was a German chemist who co-discovered indium in 1863 with Hieronymous Theodor Richter.\nReich was born in Bernburg and died in Freiberg. He was color blind, or could only see in whites and blacks, and that is why Theodor Richter became his science partner. Richter would examine the colors produced in reactions that they studied.\nReich and Richter ended up isolating the indium, creating a small supply, although it was later found in more regions. They isolated the indium at the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology in Germany.", "Q18918": "Samuel Stewart Witwer (born October 20, 1977) is an American actor, voice actor, and musician. He is known for playing Crashdown in Battlestar Galactica, Davis Bloome in Smallville, Aidan Waite in Being Human, Mr. Hyde in Once Upon a Time, and Ben Lockwood in Supergirl. He has voiced Starkiller in Star Wars: The Force Unleashed, the Son in Star Wars: The Clone Wars and Emperor Palpatine in Star Wars Rebels. He also voices Darth Maul in both the Clone Wars and in Rebels. In 2019, he joined the cast of Riverdale as Jughead Jones' school teacher Mr. Rupert Chipping. Witwer voiced protagonist Deacon St. John in the PlayStation 4 game Days Gone released in 2019 by SIE Bend Studio.", "Q462261": "Samuel Eichelbaum (14 November 1894 - 4 May 1967) was an Argentine writer. He was born the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants in Villa Dom\u00ednguez, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina, Eichelbaum became one of the leading playwrights in the first half of the 20th century in Argentina. He was also a translator.", "Q196103": "Love Is All You Need (Danish: Den skaldede fris\u00f8r, Lit.: The Bald Hairdresser) is a 2012 Danish romantic comedy film directed by Susanne Bier and starring Pierce Brosnan and Trine Dyrholm.", "Q142434": "Sandor Posta (September 25, 1888 \u2013 4 November 1952) was a Hungarian fencer and Olympic champion in the sabre competition.Sandor Posta's early fencing career was interrupted by service in the First World War. During fighting in the trenches he sustained a serious hip injury which threatened his sporting career. Following an operation in Vienna he was able to return to the sport. He was very superstitious and would not talk to anyone directly before or after a fight. His statement to the press following his Olympic win was slid under a hotel room door on the journalist's calling card.\nHe received a gold medal in sabre individual at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, and a silver medal in team (sabre). He was also a member of the Hungarian team that received a bronze medal in foil team in the 1924 Olympics.\nFollowing his Olympic victory he worked as a dentist and sports journalist. He served briefly as the Deputy People's Comissar of Health for the Republic of Hungary.\n\n", "Q28603": "Frankfort is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the seat of Franklin County. It is a home rule-class city in Kentucky; the population was 25,527 at the 2010 census. Located along the Kentucky River, Frankfort is the principal city of the Frankfort, Kentucky Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Franklin and Anderson counties.", "Q50960": "Demmin (German pronunciation: [d\u025b\u02c8mi\u02d0n]) is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It was the capital of the former district of Demmin.", "Q27530": "Daimler AG (German pronunciation: [\u02c8da\u026aml\u0250 \u0294a\u02d0\u02cc\u0261e\u02d0] (listen); previously named Daimler-Benz and DaimlerChrysler), commonly known and referred to as Mercedes, is a German multinational automotive corporation, headquartered in Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. Daimler-Benz was formed with the merger of Benz & Cie and Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft in 1926. The company was renamed DaimlerChrysler upon acquiring the American automobile manufacturer Chrysler Corporation in 1998, and was again renamed Daimler upon divestment of Chrysler in 2007.\nAs of 2014, Daimler owned or had shares in a number of car, bus, truck and motorcycle brands including Mercedes-Benz, Mercedes-AMG, Smart Automobile, Detroit Diesel, Freightliner, Western Star, Thomas Built Buses, Setra, BharatBenz, Mitsubishi Fuso, MV Agusta as well as shares in Denza, KAMAZ and BAIC Motor. The luxury Maybach brand was terminated at the end of 2012, but revived in April 2015 as \"Mercedes-Maybach\" versions of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class and G-Class. In 2019, Daimler sold 3.3 million vehicles. By unit sales, Daimler is the thirteenth-largest car manufacturer and is the largest truck manufacturer in the world. Daimler provides financial services through its Daimler Financial Services arm. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. Daimler AG complex in Stuttgart include central company headquarters, Mercedes-Benz and Daimler car plants, Mercedes-Benz Museum and stadium Mercedes-Benz Arena.", "Q190572": "Vicente Fox Quesada (American Spanish: [bi\u02c8sente \u02c8foks ke\u02c8sa\u00f0a]; born 2 July 1942) is a Mexican businessman and politician who served as the 55th President of Mexico from 1 December 2000 to 30 November 2006.\nCampaigning as a right-wing populist, Fox ran for and was elected President on the National Action Party (PAN) ticket, which was an opposition party at the time of his election as president. He is currently the Co-President of the Centrist Democrat International, an international organization of center-right political parties.Fox was elected President of Mexico in the 2000 presidential election, a historically significant election since it made him the first president elected from an opposition party since the election of Francisco I. Madero in 1910. Fox finished in first place with 42 percent of the vote, thus becoming the first presidential candidate in 71 years to defeat the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).As president, he mostly followed the neoliberal economic policies that his predecessors from the PRI had adopted since the late 1980s. The first half of his administration saw a further shift of the Federal government to the right, strong relations with the United States and George W. Bush, unsuccessful attempts to apply a value-added tax to medicines and to build an airport in Texcoco, and a major diplomatic conflict with Cuban leader Fidel Castro. The murder of human rights lawyer Digna Ochoa in 2001 called into question the Fox administration's commitment to breaking with the authoritarian past of the PRI era.\nThe second half of his administration was marked by his conflict with Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador, then Mexico City's Mayor. The PAN and the Fox administration unsuccessfully attempted to remove L\u00f3pez Obrador from office and to prevent him from participating in the 2006 presidential elections. The Fox administration also became embroiled with diplomatic conflicts with Venezuela and Bolivia after supporting the creation of the Free Trade Area of the Americas, which was opposed by those two countries. His last year in office oversaw the controversial 2006 elections, where the PAN candidate Felipe Calder\u00f3n was declared winner by a very narrow margin over his opponent L\u00f3pez Obrador, who claimed that the elections were rigged and refused to recognize the results, calling for protests across the country. In the same year, the southern state of Oaxaca was the scene of a teacher's strike which culminated into protests and violent clashes asking for the resignation of governor Ulises Ruiz Ortiz.On the other hand, Fox was credited with maintaining economic growth during his administration, and reducing the poverty rate from 43.7% in 2000 to 35.6% in 2006.After serving as president of Mexico for six years, Fox returned to his home state of Guanajuato, where he now resides with his wife and family. Since leaving the presidency, Fox has been involved in public speaking and the development of the Vicente Fox Center of Studies, Library and Museum.In 2013, Fox eventually decided to leave the National Action Party, after endorsing the PRI presidential candidate, Enrique Pe\u00f1a Nieto, the previous year. He again endorsed the PRI's candidate, Jos\u00e9 Antonio Meade, in 2018.In 2018, Fox joined the High Times board of directors.\n\n", "Q69139": "Felicitas Hoppe (born 22 December 1960 in Hamelin, Lower Saxony) is a German writer.", "Q334268": "For the similarly-named 13th-century nobleman, see Roger Lestrange.Sir Roger L'Estrange (17 December 1616 \u2013 11 December 1704) was an English pamphleteer, author and staunch defender of Royalist claims. L'Estrange was involved in political controversy throughout his life. Perhaps his best known polemical pamphlet was An Account of the Growth of Knavery, which ruthlessly attacked the parliamentary opposition, placing them as \"dissenting fanatics\" and truly beyond the pale.", "Q654019": "P\u0159\u00edbor (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8pr\u031d\u030ai\u02d0bor]; German: Freiberg in M\u00e4hren [\u02ccf\u0281a\u026ab\u025b\u0250\u032fk \u0294\u026an \u02c8m\u025b\u02d0\u0281\u0259n]) is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has approximately 8,500 inhabitants.\nP\u0159\u00edbor is located in northeastern Moravia, and is surrounded by the foothills of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids.\nVriburch in the Margraviate of Moravia was first mentioned in a 1251 deed, issued by the P\u0159emyslid margrave Ottokar II. The estates passed to the Bishops of Olomouc in the 14th century. Saint John Sarkander attended the local parish school from 1589; in 1694 a Piarist gymnasium was established, whereafter P\u0159\u00edbor developed to a centre of education.\n\nThe town is notable as the birthplace, on 6 May 1856, of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. Today, there is a museum at his family home.", "Q83286": "The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), also known as SFR Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country located in Central and Southeastern Europe that existed from its foundation in the aftermath of World War II until its dissolution in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. Covering an area of 255,804 km\u00b2 (98,766 sq mi), the SFRY was bordered by the Adriatic Sea and Italy to the west, Austria and Hungary to the north, Bulgaria and Romania to the east, and Albania and Greece to the south. The nation was a socialist state and a federation governed by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia and made up of six socialist republics \u2013 Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia \u2013 with Belgrade as its capital. In addition, it included two autonomous provinces within Serbia: Kosovo and Vojvodina. The SFRY's origin is traced to 26 November 1942, when the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia was formed during World War II.\nOn 29 November 1945, the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed after the deposition of King Peter II, thus ending the monarchy. Until 1948, the new communist government originally sided with the Eastern Bloc under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito at the beginning of the Cold War, but after the Tito\u2013Stalin split of 1948, Yugoslavia pursued a policy of neutrality. It became one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement, and transitioned from a command economy to market-based socialism. The SFRY maintained neutrality during the Cold War as part of its foreign policy. It was a founding member of CERN, the United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, OSCE, IFAD, WTO, Eutelsat, and BTWC. Following the death of Tito on 4 May 1980, the Yugoslav economy started to collapse, which increased unemployment and inflation. The economic crisis led to a rise in ethnic nationalism in the late 1980s and early 1990s; dissidence resulted among the multiple ethnicities within the constituent republics.\nWith the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, inter-republic talks on transformation of the federation into a confederacy also failed, with the two wealthiest republics (Croatia and Slovenia) seceding. In 1991 some European states recognized their independence. The federation collapsed along federal borders, followed by the start of the Yugoslav Wars, and the final downfall and breakup of the federation on 27 April 1992. Two of its republics, Serbia and Montenegro, remained within a reconstituted state known as the \"Federal Republic of Yugoslavia\", but this union was not recognized internationally as the official successor state to the SFRY. The term former Yugoslavia is now commonly used retrospectively.", "Q1426154": "Rawkus Records was an American hip hop record label known for starting the careers of many rappers. Rawkus started in 1995 with releases in hip-hop, drum and bass and fun-dustrial (Dystopia One).\nLabel heads Brian Brater and Jarret Myer then signed some of the top underground talent from the New York area, notably Mos Def, Talib Kweli, Hi-Tek and Company Flow, who went on to define the label's sound. The string of 12\" releases and full-length albums that followed helped initiate a resurgence in the New York/East Coast sound. Many of these are considered classics among hip-hop aficionados. During the mid to late 1990s, Rawkus became a dominant label in the underground hip-hop scene, producing a string of gold albums and a platinum album.", "Q196665": "8 Mile is a 2002 American hip-hop musical film written by Scott Silver, directed by Curtis Hanson, and starring Eminem, Mekhi Phifer, Brittany Murphy, Michael Shannon, Anthony Mackie, and Kim Basinger. The film follows white rapper B-Rabbit (Eminem) and his attempt to launch a career in a genre dominated by African-Americans. The title is derived from 8 Mile Road, the highway between the predominantly black city of Detroit and the largely white suburban communities to the north. 8 Mile, which contains autobiographical elements from Eminem's life, was a critical and commercial success. Eminem won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Lose Yourself\", which has become one of his signature tracks.", "Q67672": "Alfred M\u00fcller-Armack (28 June 1901 \u2013 16 March 1978) was a German economist and politician.\nHe was professor of economics at University of M\u00fcnster and University of Cologne. M\u00fcller-Armack coined the term \"social market economy\" in 1946.\nM\u00fcller-Armack was a central figure of the \"Cologne school\". He always pointed out that the economy had to serve humanity. A regulatory environment should provide the basis for a form of competition that was to the best for all people.\nIn 1933 he published a book in praise of Nazism, entitled Ideas of the State and Economy Order in the New Reich. He worked as an advisor to the Nazi regime and the German army, and contributed to discussions about the post-war economic order. (Werner Bonefeld, The Strong State and the Free Economy, 2017, pg. 10. \nAfter 1952, he worked in the economic ministry under Ludwig Erhard (CDU) as section chief of the newly founded policy department (Grundsatzabteilung).", "Q200867": "Gustav Theodore Holst (born Gustavus Theodore von Holst; 21 September 1874 \u2013 25 May 1934) was an English composer, arranger and teacher. Best known for his orchestral suite The Planets, he composed many other works across a range of genres, although none achieved comparable success. His distinctive compositional style was the product of many influences, Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss being most crucial early in his development. The subsequent inspiration of the English folksong revival of the early 20th century, and the example of such rising modern composers as Maurice Ravel, led Holst to develop and refine an individual style.\nThere were professional musicians in the previous three generations of Holst's family and it was clear from his early years that he would follow the same calling. He hoped to become a pianist but was prevented by neuritis in his right arm. Despite his father's reservations, he pursued a career as a composer, studying at the Royal College of Music under Charles Villiers Stanford. Unable to support himself by his compositions, he played the trombone professionally and later became a teacher\u2014a great one, according to his colleague Ralph Vaughan Williams. Among other teaching activities, he built up a strong tradition of performance at Morley College, where he served as musical director from 1907 until 1924 and pioneered music education for women at St Paul's Girls' School, where he taught from 1905 until his death in 1934. He was the founder of a series of Whitsun music festivals, which ran from 1916 for the remainder of his life.\nHolst's works were played frequently in the early years of the 20th century, but it was not until the international success of The Planets in the years immediately after the First World War that he became a well-known figure. A shy man, he did not welcome this fame and preferred to be left in peace to compose and teach. In his later years, his uncompromising, personal style of composition struck many music lovers as too austere, and his brief popularity declined. Nevertheless, he was a considerable influence on a number of younger English composers, including Edmund Rubbra, Michael Tippett and Benjamin Britten. Apart from The Planets and a handful of other works, his music was generally neglected until the 1980s, when recordings of much of his output became available.", "Q465268": "Yoshiko Tanaka (\u7530\u4e2d \u597d\u5b50, Tanaka Yoshiko, April 8, 1956 \u2013 April 21, 2011) was a Japanese actress. She was also famous as a member of the pop group Candies. While a member of Candies, Tanaka was known by the nickname \"Sue\" (\u30b9\u30fc\u3061\u3083\u3093, S\u016b-chan). Still at the height of its popularity, the group disbanded in 1978. Tanaka was also the sister-in-law of the well-known actress Masako Natsume.\nTanaka was born in Adachi, Tokyo. She had a role in Godzilla vs. Biollante, portraying Asuka Okouchi. She won the Best Actress Award at the 14th Hochi Film Award for Black Rain.In 1991, she married businessman Kazuo Odate. She was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1992. In October 2010, her cancer returned. Tanaka died on April 21, 2011 at the age of 55.", "Q434741": "Nicole \"Nikki\" SooHoo (\u53f8\u5f92\u5c11\u82f1; born August 20, 1988) is a Chinese American actress.", "Q382864": "Larry Crowne is a 2011 American romantic comedy film starring Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts. The film was produced and directed by Hanks, who co-wrote its screenplay with Nia Vardalos. The story was inspired by Hanks' time studying at Chabot College. The film tells the story of Larry Crowne, a middle-aged man who unexpectedly loses his job and returns to education. It was released in the United States on July 1, 2011.", "Q684748": "Lester del Rey (June 2, 1915 \u2013 May 10, 1993) was an American science fiction author and editor. He was the author of many books in the juvenile Winston Science Fiction series, and the editor at Del Rey Books, the fantasy and science fiction imprint of Ballantine Books, along with his fourth wife Judy-Lynn del Rey.", "Q73607": "Christoph Ernst, Freiherr von Houwald (German pronunciation: [\u02c8hu\u02d0valt]; 28 November 1778 \u2013 28 January 1845) was a German dramatist and author.", "Q705242": "Ars\u00e8ne Mersch (14 December 1913, in Koerich \u2013 11 July 1980, in Koerich) was a Luxembourgian professional road bicycle racer and cyclo-cross racer, who became national champion in both categories twice. He also won one Tour de France stage, and wore the yellow jersey for one day.", "Q263442": "Rita Pavone (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8ri\u02d0ta pa\u02c8vo\u02d0ne]; born August 23, 1945) is an Italian ballad and rock singer and actress who enjoyed success through the 1960s.\n\n", "Q1480793": "The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) is a multilateral export control regime and a group of nuclear supplier countries that seek to prevent nuclear proliferation by controlling the export of materials, equipment and technology that can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons.", "Q74168": "Herbert Reul (born 31 August 1952) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union who currently serves as State Minister for Internal Affairs in the government of Minister-President Armin Laschet. He previously served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP).", "Q917511": "Stones Throw Records is an American independent record label based in Los Angeles, California. Under the direction of founder Peanut Butter Wolf, Stones Throw has released music ranging from hip hop to experimental psychedelic rock. LA Weekly deemed the label an \"eternally evolving experiment\" in celebration of its 20th anniversary.", "Q428368": "Julie McNiven (born October 11, 1980) is an American actress and singer. McNiven was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, and got her start in local community theatre productions. She is best known for her recurring roles in Mad Men and Supernatural. McNiven had a recurring role in the 2010-2011 second season of Stargate: Universe.\nMcNiven studied swinging trapeze as a teenager at French Woods Festival of the Performing Arts. She also attended the summer program at Circle in the Square. She is a graduate of Salem State University (Salem, Massachusetts).In 2010, McNiven married Michael Blackman Beck, with whom she has one son, Tasman Scott Beck.", "Q81491": "Joseph Arch (10 November 1826 \u2013 12 February 1919) was an English politician, born in Barford, Warwickshire who played a key role in unionising agricultural workers and in championing their welfare. Following their enfranchisement, he became a Member of Parliament.", "Q1500187": "Joan of Arc is a 1999 Canadian three-part television miniseries about the 15th century Catholic saint of the same name. The miniseries stars Leelee Sobieski as Saint Joan. A joint production of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and Alliance Atlantis Communications, it was shown internationally in 1999.\nThe miniseries received thirteen Primetime Emmy Awards nominations and four Golden Globe Award nominations.", "Q316977": "Dylan Charles Hunter Walsh (born November 17, 1963) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Dr. Sean McNamara in the FX television series Nip/Tuck.", "Q928939": "Theodor Rosetti (5 May 1837, Ia\u0219i or Sole\u0219ti, Moldavia \u2013 17 July 1923, Bucharest, Romania) was a Romanian writer, journalist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Romania between 23 March 1888 and 22 March 1889.", "Q72519": "Michael John Denton (born 25 August 1943) is a British-Australian proponent of intelligent design and a Senior Fellow at the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture. He holds a degree in biochemistry. Denton\u2019s book, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, inspired intelligent design proponents Phillip Johnson and Michael Behe.\n\n", "Q128835": "Anthony Gregory Mayweather (born February 21, 1985) is an American professional wrestler and promoter, better known by the ring name Crimson. Mayweather served five years in the United States Army, which included two tours of Iraq as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom. He made his professional wrestling debut in 2007, working under the ring name Tommy Mercer for various promotions on the independent circuit, including Absolute Intense Wrestling (AIW), NWA Main Event and Showtime All-Star Wrestling (SAW). He runs his own wrestling promotion, Tried-N-True Wrestling, based in Tennessee., which has been loosely affiliated with the National Wrestling Alliance since autumn 2017.\nIn 2010, he signed with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he achieved a 470-day undefeated streak, which lasted until June 2012. Afterwards, he spent time in TNA's developmental territory Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW), where he became a one-time OVW Heavyweight Champion and a two-time OVW Southern Tag Team Champion, before being released from his contract in July 2013. He has since made several returns to TNA, most recently in April 2017, using the ring name Mayweather, when the promotion had been renamed Impact Wrestling.", "Q65065": "D\u00e4rligen is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q958206": "Jorge Blanco (born December 19, 1991) is a Mexican musician, singer, dancer and actor, best known for portraying Le\u00f3n Vargas on the Disney Channel television series Violetta.\n\n", "Q119430": "Gardi Hutter (born 5 March 1953, in Altst\u00e4tten) is a Swiss Clown-comedian, author, actress and Cabaret artist and a clown of the classical rule.", "Q2688800": "Louis Castle is an American video games designer. He is known for co-founding Westwood Studios, designing the PC game Blade Runner, and collaborating with Steven Spielberg on the Boom Blox and Boom Blox Bash Party video games for the Nintendo Wii console based on Spielberg's design ideas.", "Q111087": "Bat-Sheva Ofra Haza-Ashkenazi, known professionally as Ofra Haza (Hebrew: \u05e2\u05e4\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d7\u05d6\u05d4\u200e; 19 November 1957 \u2013 23 February 2000) was an Israeli singer, actress and Grammy Award-nominee recording artist, commonly known as \"The Israeli Madonna\", or \"Madonna of the East\". Her voice has been described as a \"tender\" mezzo-soprano.Haza's music is known as a mixture of traditional and commercial singing styles, fusing elements of Eastern and Western instrumentation, orchestration and dance-beat. She became successful in Europe and the Americas; during her singing career, she earned many platinum and gold discs.", "Q273862": "Alexandra Susanna Rapaport (born 26 December 1971) is a Swedish film and stage actress born in Bromma. She studied at the Teaterh\u00f6gskolan i Stockholm, from which she graduated in 1997.\nHer parents are both from Poland, her father being a Polish Jew who fled to Sweden during World War II. On December 23, 2007 she had a son, Elmer Eliasson, with her husband Joakim Eliasson. The two have subsequently had a second child.Rapaport also played in the crime series The Sandhamn Murders. Rapaport was aunt to the Swedish alpine free-skier Matilda Rapaport.", "Q385138": "Jaime de Magalh\u00e3es Lima (15 October 1859 \u2013 26 February 1936) was a Portuguese philosopher, poet and writer.", "Q86315": "Christian Jakob Salice-Contessa (1767\u20131825) was a German poet and writer.", "Q369190": "Frank Borzage (; April 23, 1894 \u2013 June 19, 1962) was an Academy Award-winning American film director and actor, most remembered for directing 7th Heaven (1927), Street Angel (1928), Bad Girl (1931), Man's Castle (1933), The Mortal Storm (1940) and Moonrise (1948).", "Q456891": "Christoffer Selbekk (26 May 1939 \u2013 11 January 2012) was a Norwegian businessperson and ski jumper.\nAs a ski jumper he finished fifth in the normal hill event at the 1966 World Championships. He was on the national team from 1963 to 1967. He has later held posts in the Norwegian Skiing Association and the Norwegian Golf Federation.He completed a degree in economics at the University of Denver in 1962. He was the CEO of the company Tretorn Norge from 1974 to 1978 and of his own company, Chrisco Sport, from 1978. He resided in Eiksmarka. He died in January 2012.", "Q254205": "Ming-Na Wen (Chinese: \u6eab\u660e\u5a1c; born November 20, 1963) is a Chinese-American actress and voice actress. She is best known for her starring role as Melinda May in the ABC action drama series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2013\u2013present) and for voicing Mulan in the animated musical action films Mulan (1998) and Mulan II (2004). She reprised the role of Mulan in the video game Kingdom Hearts II (2005), the animated children's series Sofia the First (2014), and the animated comedy film Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018).Wen is also known for her role as Dr. Jing-Mei \"Deb\" Chen in the medical drama series ER (1995\u20132004). She starred as Rachel Lu in the medical drama series Inconceivable (2005), one of the few American television series with an Asian American series lead. She also had starring roles as Detective Ellen Yin in the animated series The Batman (2004\u20132005) and as Camile Wray in the science fiction series Stargate Universe (2009\u20132011). She is notable for starring in the films The Joy Luck Club (1993), Street Fighter (1994), and Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within (2001), and for portraying Fennec Shand in the space western web television series The Mandalorian (2019).", "Q280732": "AAA (\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30eb\u30fb\u30a8\u30fc, Toripuru \u0112, Triple A; a backronym for Attack All Around) are a 5-member Japanese pop group signed to the label Avex Trax which debuted in September 2005. The name has the meaning of challenging everything, and the group is marketed by their label as a \"super performance unit\".The group was formed through Avex's auditions and originally consisted of five young men and three young women who had acted in commercials and had experience being back dancers for other Japanese stars, such as Ayumi Hamasaki and Ami Suzuki.", "Q438190": "Livio Lorenzon (6 May 1923 \u2013 23 December 1971) was an Italian actor who was mainly active during the 1950s and 1960s.", "Q449769": "Jan Sokol (born April 18, 1936) is a Czech philosopher, former dissident, politician and translator. He briefly served as Minister of Education, Youth and Sports in 1998 under Prime Minister Josef To\u0161ovsk\u00fd. From 1990 to 1992 he was Member of Parliament for Prague. From 2000 to 2007 he served as the first dean of the Faculty of Humanities at Charles University in Prague. Sokol ran for President of the Czech Republic in the 2003 election but lost to V\u00e1clav Klaus.\n\n", "Q44040": "Richard David Precht (German: [\u02c8\u0281\u026a\u00e7a\u0250\u032ft \u02c8da\u02d0v\u026at p\u0281\u025b\u00e7t]; born 8 December 1964) is a German philosopher and author of successful popular science books about philosophical issues. He hosts the TV-Show \"Precht\" on German Television (ZDF).\n\n", "Q90577": "Christa Reinig (6 August 1926, Berlin \u2013 30 September 2008, Munich) was a German poet, fiction and non-fiction writer, and dramatist. She began her career in the Soviet occupation zone which became East Berlin, was banned there, after publishing in West Germany, and moved to the West in 1964, settling in Munich. She was openly lesbian. Her works are marked by black humor, and irony.", "Q1187592": "Denis Podalyd\u00e8s (born 22 April 1963) is a French actor and scriptwriter of Greek descent. Podalyd\u00e8s has appeared in 80 films since 1989. He starred in The Officers' Ward, which was entered into the 2001 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q927439": "David Miller (November 28, 1909 \u2013 April 14, 1992) was an American film director who directed such varied films as Billy the Kid (1941) with Robert Taylor and Brian Donlevy, Flying Tigers (1943) with John Wayne, and Love Happy (1949) with the Marx Brothers.Miller directed Lonely Are the Brave (1962) with Kirk Douglas; Emanuel Levy wrote in 2009 that it \"is the most accomplished film of David Miller, who directs with eloquent feeling for landscape and attention to character.\" Others feel that Miller's filmic masterpiece is his 1952 Noir thriller and Joan Crawford vehicle Sudden Fear co-starring the terrific and terrifying Jack Palance and Gloria Grahame at her most magnificent. In addition, Sudden Fear was nominated for four Academy Awards for Best Actress (Crawford); Best Actor (Palance); Best Costume Design; and Best Cinematography Charles Lang. This would be the first time Crawford competed with her arch-rival Bette Davis for Best Actress. Both lost to Shirley Booth for her performance in Come Back Little Sheba.", "Q12206": "Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or death. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, damage to the nerves, damage to the eyes and cognitive impairment.Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus:\nType 1 diabetes results from the pancreas's failure to produce enough insulin due to loss of beta cells. This form was previously referred to as \"insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus\" (IDDM) or \"juvenile diabetes\". The loss of beta cells is caused by an autoimmune response. The cause of this autoimmune response is unknown.\nType 2 diabetes begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. As the disease progresses, a lack of insulin may also develop. This form was previously referred to as \"non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus\" (NIDDM) or \"adult-onset diabetes\". The most common cause is a combination of excessive body weight and insufficient exercise.\nGestational diabetes is the third main form, and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop high blood sugar levels.Prevention and treatment involve maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, a normal body weight, and avoiding use of tobacco. Control of blood pressure and maintaining proper foot and eye care are important for people with the disease. Type 1 diabetes must be managed with insulin injections. Type 2 diabetes may be treated with medications with or without insulin. Insulin and some oral medications can cause low blood sugar. Weight loss surgery in those with obesity is sometimes an effective measure in those with type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes usually resolves after the birth of the baby.As of 2017, an estimated 425 million people had diabetes worldwide, with type 2 diabetes making up about 90% of the cases. This represents 8.8% of the adult population, with equal rates in both women and men. Trends suggest that rates will continue to rise. Diabetes at least doubles a person's risk of early death. In 2017, diabetes resulted in approximately 3.2 to 5.0 million deaths. The global economic cost of diabetes related health expenditure in 2017 was estimated at US$727 billion. In the United States, diabetes cost nearly US$245 billion in 2012. Average medical expenditures among people with diabetes are about 2.3 times higher.\n\n", "Q1984197": "Allen Danziger (born July 23, 1942) is an American former actor, perhaps best known for his role as Jerry in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974).", "Q123753": "Marcel Bezen\u00e7on (1 May 1907 \u2013 17 February 1981) was a Swiss entrepreneur and the director of the European Broadcasting Union until 1970. In 1955, he conceived the idea of the Eurovision Song Contest, based on the famous Sanremo Music Festival.In 2002, the Marcel Bezen\u00e7on Awards were founded by Christer Bj\u00f6rkman (Melodifestivalen winner and Swedish ESC participant in 1992) and Richard Herrey (Melodifestivalen and Swedish ESC winner in 1984 as part of the Herreys ).", "Q1167300": "Nick Straker (born Nicholas Bailey) is a London-born musician, who had hits in Europe and the US in the late 1970s and early 1980s.", "Q165706": "Rodion Konstantinovich Shchedrin (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0301\u043d \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0429\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d, romanized: Rodion Konstantinovi\u010d \u0160\u010dedrin, pronounced [r\u0259d\u02b2\u026a\u02c8on k\u0259nst\u0250n\u02b2\u02c8t\u02b2in\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0255\u02d0\u026a\u02c8dr\u02b2in]; born 16 December 1932) is a Soviet and Russian composer and pianist, winner of USSR State Prize (1972), the Lenin Prize (1984), and the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1992), and is a former member of the Inter-regional Deputies Group (1989\u20131991). He is also a citizen of Lithuania and Spain.", "Q738896": "Kevin Cloud is a video game artist born in Shreveport, Louisiana in 1965 to a teacher and electrician. He graduated from LSU-Shreveport in 1987 with a degree in Political Science and intended to pursue law school, but married shortly after. He acquired his first full-time job as a computer artist at Softdisk in 1985. He was hired by id Software on March 10, 1992 to work as an assistant artist to lead artist Adrian Carmack, where he remained to work on popular computer games such as Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, and Quake, climbing the ranks of the company. Prior to his career at id, he was employed by Softdisk as an editorial director, where several other id founders worked. During that time he also worked as an illustrator for Softdisk's Commodore 64 disk magazine Loadstar. Cloud was an artist and co-owner of id until the ZeniMax Media merger in 2009, where he now serves as executive producer on the current Doom games.", "Q2608966": "Jacques Diouf (1 August 1938 \u2013 17 August 2019) was a Senegalese diplomat and the Director-General of the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) from January 1994 to 31 December 2011. He died on 17 August 2019, 16 days after his 81st birthday.", "Q84502": "Julius Hermann von Kirchmann (5 November 1802 \u2013 20 October 1884) was a German jurist and philosopher.", "Q1336685": "William Theodore Katt (born February 16, 1951) is an American film and television actor, voice artist and musician best known as the star of the television series The Greatest American Hero. He first became known for playing Tommy Ross, the ill-fated prom date of Carrie White in the film version of Carrie (1976) and subsequently starred in films such as First Love (1977), Big Wednesday (1978) and Butch and Sundance: The Early Days (1979). Between 1985 and 1988, he starred in nine Perry Mason television films alongside his mother Barbara Hale, who reprised her role as Della Street from the television series Perry Mason.", "Q221842": "Under Capricorn is a 1949 British historical thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock about a couple in Australia who started out as lady and stable boy in Ireland, and who are now bound together by a horrible secret. The film is based on the play by John Colton and Margaret Linden, which in turn is based on the novel Under Capricorn (1937) by Helen Simpson. The screenplay was written by James Bridie from an adaptation by Hume Cronyn. This was Hitchcock's second film in Technicolor, and like the preceding color film Rope (1948), it also featured 9- and 10-minute long takes.\nThe film is set in colonial Sydney, New South Wales, Australia during the early 19th century. Under Capricorn is one of several Hitchcock films that are not typical thrillers: instead it is a mystery involving a love triangle. Hitchcock considered it to be one of his worst films and a disaster. Although the film is not exactly a murder mystery, it does feature a previous killing, a \"wrong man\" scenario, a sinister housekeeper, class conflict, and very high levels of emotional tension, both on the surface and underneath.\nThe title Under Capricorn refers to the Tropic of Capricorn, which bisects Australia. Capricornus is a constellation, Capricorn is an astrological sign dominated by the goat, which is a symbol of sexual desire.", "Q1927628": "Michael Gulezian is an American composer and fingerstyle guitarist. He is noted for dramatic compositions, a penchant for manipulating metre, an affinity for open tunings, and an unconventionally free two-handed technical approach. Gulezian's use of bottleneck slide on 12-string guitar, coupled with his command of reverse analog reverbs have made his recordings notable for their dream-like sonic atmosphere. Gulezian inhabits a musical territory between his mentor John Fahey and Gulezian's friend and colleague Michael Hedges.", "Q557225": "Arthur Hind (1856\u20131933), of Utica, New York, was an English textile industrialist and philatelist.", "Q49564": "Rei Sakuma (\u4f50\u4e45\u9593 \u30ec\u30a4, Sakuma Rei, born Reiko Sakuma (\u4f50\u4e45\u9593 \u73b2\u5b50, Sakuma Reiko), January 5, 1965 in Tokyo) is a Japanese actress, voice actress, singer and narrator. She is best known in Japan for her voice work in the long running children's series Soreike! Anpanman; her most famous role in the English-speaking world, however, is probably as the Chinese Amazon Shampoo in Ranma \u00bd.", "Q210447": "Mark Richard Hamill (; born September 25, 1951) is an American actor, voice actor, and writer. Hamill is best known for playing Luke Skywalker in the Star Wars films, which won him the Saturn Award for Best Actor three times. He is also known for his voice acting in animation and video games, especially for his portrayal of the Joker, beginning with Batman: The Animated Series in 1992.", "Q10411": "Odd Lunde B\u00f8rretzen (21 November 1926 \u2013 3 November 2012) was a Norwegian author, illustrator, translator, and one of the most significant text writers, folk singers and artists in Norway.", "Q1383758": "Marcel Bich (French: [bik]; Turin, 29 July 1914 \u2013 Paris, 30 May 1994) was a manufacturer and co-founder of Bic, the world's leading producer of ballpoint pens.", "Q881": "Vietnam (Vietnamese: Vi\u1ec7t Nam pronounced [v\u00ee\u0259t n\u0101\u02d0m] (listen)), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam), is the easternmost country on the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula. With an estimated 95.5 million inhabitants as of 2018, it is the 15th most populous country in the world. Vietnam shares its land borders with China to the north, and Laos and Cambodia to the west. It shares its maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand, and the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia through the South China Sea. Its capital city is Hanoi, while its most populous city and commercial hub is Ho Chi Minh City, also known by its former name of Saigon.\nArchaeological excavations indicate that Vietnam was inhabited as early as the Paleolithic age. The ancient Vietnamese nation was annexed by China in the 2nd century BC, which subsequently made Vietnam a division of China for over a millennium. The first independent monarchy emerged in the 10th century AD. This paved the way for successive imperial dynasties as the nation expanded geographically southward until European colonialism in the mid-19th century. Modern Vietnam was born upon the Proclamation of Independence from France in 1945. Following Vietnamese victory against the French in the First Indochina War, which ended in 1954, the nation was divided into two rival states: communist North and anti-communist South. Conflicts intensified in the Vietnam War, which saw extensive US intervention in support of South Vietnam and ended with North Vietnamese victory in 1975.\nAfter North and South Vietnam were reunified under a unitary socialist government in 1976, the country became economically and politically isolated until 1986, when the Communist Party initiated a series of economic and political reforms that facilitated Vietnamese integration into world politics and the global economy. As a result of the successful reforms, Vietnam has enjoyed a high GDP growth rate, consistently ranked among the fastest-growing countries in the world. It nevertheless faces challenges including poverty, corruption and inadequate social welfare. By 2010, Vietnam had established diplomatic relations with 178 countries. It is a member of such international organisations as the United Nations (UN), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, and the World Trade Organization (WTO).", "Q220584": "Michael S\u00f8ren Madsen (born September 25, 1957) is an American actor, producer, director, writer, poet and photographer. His first major film role was in Thelma & Louise (1991), and he is best known for working with director Quentin Tarantino in the iconic role of Mr. Blonde in Reservoir Dogs (1992), as Budd in both segments of Kill Bill (2003 and 2004), and appearing in The Hateful Eight (2015) and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019). Known for playing \"charming, careless, terrifying bastards\", Madsen has also starred in many feature films and television series, and has done voice work for video games.", "Q67841": "Gregory of Tours (30 November c. 538 \u2013 17 November 594) was a Gallo-Roman historian and Bishop of Tours, which made him a leading prelate of the area that had been previously referred to as Gaul by the Romans. He was born Georgius Florentius and later added the name Gregorius in honour of his maternal great-grandfather. He is the primary contemporary source for Merovingian history. His most notable work was his Decem Libri Historiarum (Ten Books of Histories), better known as the Historia Francorum (History of the Franks), a title that later chroniclers gave to it, but he is also known for his accounts of the miracles of saints, especially four books of the miracles of Martin of Tours. St. Martin's tomb was a major pilgrimage destination in the 6th century, and St. Gregory's writings had the practical effect of promoting this highly organized devotion.", "Q454738": "Chris Sawyer is a Scottish video game designer and programmer who is best known for creating the Transport Tycoon and RollerCoaster Tycoon series. He is also the founder of 31X, a mobile game development company.", "Q132138": "Anne Bannerman (31 October 1765 \u2013 29 September 1829) was a Scottish poet. She was part of the Edinburgh literary circle which included John Leyden, Jessie Stewart, and Thomas Campbell, and Dr Robert Anderson. Her work \"remains significant for her Gothic ballads, as well as for her innovative sonnet series and her bold original odes.\"", "Q246167": "Kim Jong-pil (Korean pronunciation: [kimd\u0291o\u014bp\u02b0il]; January 7, 1926 \u2013 June 23, 2018) was a South Korean politician and founder of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (the KCIA, now the National Intelligence Service), who served as Prime Minister twice, from 1971\u20131975 during president Park Chung-hee (1961\u20131979) and from 1998\u20132000 during president Kim Dae-jung (1998\u20132002).", "Q1441642": "Francis Marion Drake (December 30, 1830 \u2013 November 20, 1903) was an American merchant, lawyer, banker and politician. He fought in the American Civil War and later became the 16th Governor of Iowa. He is the namesake of Drake University.", "Q60848": "Kristina Schr\u00f6der (n\u00e9e K\u00f6hler, born 3 August 1977) is a German politician who served as the Federal Minister of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2009 to 2013. She served as a Member of Parliament between 2002 and 2017.", "Q259047": "Olivia Hastings Holt (born August 5, 1997) is an American actress and singer. She starred in the Disney XD series Kickin' It, Disney Channel Original Movie Girl vs. Monster, and the Disney Channel Original Series I Didn't Do It. From 2018 to 2019, she portrayed the titular role Tandy Bowen / Dagger in the Freeform series Cloak & Dagger.\nHolt had voice roles in the films Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast (2014) and Gnome Alone (2017), and starred in the feature films Class Rank (2017), Same Kind of Different as Me (2017), and Status Update (2018).\nHer debut EP, Olivia, was released on Hollywood Records on July 15, 2016.", "Q49202": "Greenwich () is a town in southwestern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a total population of 61,171, with a census-estimated increase of 62,574 in 2018. The largest town on Connecticut's Gold Coast, Greenwich is home to many hedge funds and other financial service firms. Greenwich is a principal community of the Bridgeport\u2013Stamford\u2013Norwalk\u2013Danbury metropolitan statistical area, which comprises all of Fairfield County.\nGreenwich is the southernmost and westernmost municipality in Connecticut as well as in the six-state region of New England. CNN/Money and Money magazine ranked Greenwich 12th on its list of the \"100 Best Places to Live in the United States\" in 2005. The town is named after Greenwich, a royal borough of London in the United Kingdom.", "Q3238": "Tegucigalpa (UK: , US: , Spanish: [te\u0263usi\u02c8\u0263alpa]), formally Tegucigalpa, Municipality of the Central District (Spanish: Tegucigalpa, Municipio del Distrito Central or Tegucigalpa, M.D.C.), and colloquially referred to as Tegus or Teguz, is the capital and largest city of Honduras along with its twin sister, Comayag\u00fcela.Claimed on 29 September 1578 by the Spaniards, Tegucigalpa became the country's capital on October 30, 1880, under President Marco Aurelio Soto, when he moved the capital from Comayagua. The current Constitution of Honduras, enacted in 1982, names the sister cities of Tegucigalpa[a] and Comayag\u00fcela[b] as a Central District[c] to serve as the permanent national capital, under articles 8 and 295.After the dissolution of the Federal Republic of Central America in 1841, Honduras became an individual sovereign nation with Comayagua as its capital. The capital was moved to Tegucigalpa in 1880. On January 30, 1937, Article 179 of the 1936 Honduran Constitution was changed under Decree 53 to establish Tegucigalpa and Comayag\u00fcela as a Central District.Tegucigalpa is located in the southern-central highland region known as the department of Francisco Moraz\u00e1n of which it is also the departmental capital. It is situated in a valley, surrounded by mountains. Tegucigalpa and Comayag\u00fcela, being sister cities, are physically separated by the Choluteca River. The Central District is the largest of the 28 municipalities in the Francisco Moraz\u00e1n department.Tegucigalpa is Honduras' largest and most populous city as well as the nation's political and administrative center. Tegucigalpa is host to 25 foreign embassies and 16 consulates. It is the home base of several state-owned entities such as ENEE and Hondutel, the national energy and telecommunications companies, respectively. The city is also home to the country's most important public university, the National Autonomous University of Honduras, as well as the national soccer team. The capital's international airport, Toncont\u00edn, is known for its extremely short runway and the unusual maneuvers pilots must undertake upon landing or taking off to avoid the nearby mountains.The Central District Mayor's Office (Alcaldia Municipal del Distrito Central) is the city's governing body, headed by a mayor and 10 aldermen forming the Municipal Corporation (Corporaci\u00f3n Municipal). Being the department's seat as well, the governor's office of Francisco Moraz\u00e1n is also located in the capital. In 2008, the city operated on an approved budget of 1.555 billion lempiras (US$82,189,029). In 2009, the city government reported a revenue of 1.955 billion lempiras (US$103,512,220), more than any other capital city in Central America except Panama City.\nTegucigalpa's infrastructure has not kept up with its population growth. Deficient urban planning, densely condensed urbanization, and poverty are ongoing problems. Heavily congested roadways where current road infrastructure is unable to efficiently handle over 400,000 vehicles create havoc on a daily basis. Both current national and local governments have taken steps to improve and expand infrastructure as well as to reduce poverty in the city.", "Q93718": "Ludwig Anzengruber (29 November 1839 \u2013 10 December 1889) was an Austrian dramatist, novelist and poet. He was born and died in Vienna, Austria.", "Q5891": "Philosophy (from Greek \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1, philosophia, literally \"love of wisdom\") is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. The term was probably coined by Pythagoras (c. 570 \u2013 495 BCE). Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument, and systematic presentation. Classic philosophical questions include: Is it possible to know anything and to prove it? What is most real? Philosophers also pose more practical and concrete questions such as: Is there a best way to live? Is it better to be just or unjust (if one can get away with it)? Do humans have free will?Historically, \"philosophy\" encompassed any body of knowledge. From the time of Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle to the 19th century, \"natural philosophy\" encompassed astronomy, medicine, and physics. For example, Newton's 1687 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy later became classified as a book of physics. In the 19th century, the growth of modern research universities led academic philosophy and other disciplines to professionalize and specialize. In the modern era, some investigations that were traditionally part of philosophy became separate academic disciplines, including psychology, sociology, linguistics, and economics.\nOther investigations closely related to art, science, politics, or other pursuits remained part of philosophy. For example, is beauty objective or subjective? Are there many scientific methods or just one? Is political utopia a hopeful dream or hopeless fantasy? Major sub-fields of academic philosophy include metaphysics (\"concerned with the fundamental nature of reality and being\"), epistemology (about the \"nature and grounds of knowledge [and]...its limits and validity\"), ethics, aesthetics, political philosophy, logic and philosophy of science.", "Q134549": "Edward Moore Kennedy (February 22, 1932 \u2013 August 25, 2009) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Senator from Massachusetts for almost 47 years, from 1962 until his death in 2009. A member of the Democratic Party and the Kennedy political family, he was the second most senior member of the Senate when he died and is the third-longest-continuously-serving senator in United States history. Kennedy was a brother of President John F. Kennedy and U.S. Attorney General and U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy and was the father of Congressman Patrick J. Kennedy.\nAfter attending Harvard University and receiving his law degree from the University of Virginia, he began his career as an assistant district attorney in Suffolk County, Massachusetts. Kennedy was 30 years old when he first entered the Senate following a November 1962 special election in Massachusetts to fill the vacant seat previously held by his brother John, who had taken office as the president. He was elected to a full six-year term in 1964 and was later re-elected seven more times. The Chappaquiddick incident in 1969 resulted in the death of his automobile passenger, Mary Jo Kopechne, as well as physical injuries and mental anguish to Kennedy. He pleaded guilty to a charge of leaving the scene of an accident and later received a two-month suspended sentence. The incident and its aftermath hindered his chances of ever becoming president. His only attempt, in the 1980 election, resulted in a Democratic primary campaign loss to the incumbent president, Jimmy Carter.\nKennedy was known for his oratorical skills. His 1968 eulogy for his brother Robert and his 1980 rallying cry for modern American liberalism were among his best-known speeches. He became recognized as \"The Lion of the Senate\" through his long tenure and influence. Kennedy and his staff wrote more than 300 bills that were enacted into law. Unabashedly liberal, Kennedy championed an interventionist government that emphasized economic and social justice, but he was also known for working with Republicans to find compromises. Kennedy played a major role in passing many laws, including the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, the National Cancer Act of 1971, the COBRA health insurance provision, the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Ryan White AIDS Care Act, the Civil Rights Act of 1991, the Mental Health Parity Act, the S-CHIP children's health program, the No Child Left Behind Act, and the Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act. During the 2000s, he led several unsuccessful immigration reform efforts. Over the course of his Senate career, Kennedy made efforts to enact universal health care, which he called the \"cause of my life.\" By the later years of his life, Kennedy had come to be viewed as a major figure and spokesman for American progressivism.\nKennedy died on August 25, 2009 of a malignant brain tumor at his home in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, and was buried near his brothers John and Robert at Arlington National Cemetery.", "Q1646181": "Worcester ( (listen) WUUS-t\u0259r) is a cathedral city in Worcestershire, England, 30 miles (48 km) south-west of Birmingham, 101 miles (163 km) west-north-west of London, 27 miles (43 km) north of Gloucester and 23 miles (37 km) north-east of Hereford. The population is about 100,000. The River Severn flanks the western side of the city centre, which is overlooked by Worcester Cathedral. The Battle of Worcester in 1651 was the final battle of the English Civil War, where Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army defeated King Charles II's Royalists. Worcester is known as the home of Royal Worcester Porcelain, composer Edward Elgar, Lea & Perrins, makers of traditional Worcestershire sauce, University of Worcester, and Berrow's Worcester Journal, claimed to be the world's oldest newspaper.\n\n", "Q1035334": "Henri Th\u00e9odore Pigozzi (born Enrico Teodoro Pigozzi; 26 June 1898, in Turin \u2013 18 November 1964, in Neuilly-sur-Seine) was a car merchant and industrialist, mostly known for founding Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Industrielle de M\u00e9canique et de Carrosserie Automobile (Simca). \nIn 1912 his father disappeared, leaving Pigozzi, age 14, to take responsibility for his mother, his sister, and a small transport business.\nIn 1918, after the war, he secured the distribution rights for British and US motorcycles in the Piedmont region, selling surplus machines from the military stocks of the allied armies. Between 1920 and 1922 he worked for a firm that imported coal from the Saarland. In 1924 he set up his own business, importing scrap steel from France which was needed by the Piedmontese steel mills. The principal customer for steel in the region was Fiat and in 1922 Pigozzi was introduced to Giovanni Agnelli, the owner of Fiat. Agnelli was particularly interested in Pigozzi because at the time he was looking for a general commercial representative in France. Pigozzi was already familiar with the French industrial scene, and in 1926, when aged only 28, Pigozzi was appointed as Fiat's General Representative in France.\nIn the same year, he established a new distributing company named SAFAF (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Anonyme Fran\u00e7ais des Automobiles FIAT) in Suresnes (near Paris) for importing and later, for assembling Italian Fiat cars. From 1928 to 1934, about 30,000 FIATs were assembled and sold by him in his capacity as Director General of SAFAF. \nPigozzi bought the premises at Nanterre of the defunct Donnet-Z\u00e9del car manufacturing company, and on 2 November 1934 he established there the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Industrielle de M\u00e9canique et de Carrosserie Automobile, known as Simca. He ran Simca for nearly three decades, as Director General between 1935 and 1954 and as President-Director General between 1954 and 1963, which was when Chrysler, a minority share holder since buying 15% from Ford in 1958, increased their share-holding in the business to 64% and took control.\nOn 31 May 1963, with Chrysler in control, he was obliged to resign from the presidency of Simca.\nAccording to his son Jean (see below), all three of Henri's children were borne by his mistress but raised by his wife, Loisette, as her own.\n(Cite profile by Ingrid Sischy, \"Living Large Is The Best Revenge\", Vanity Fair, December 2010)\n He died suddenly, aged 66 from a heart-attack at Neuilly-sur-Seine, a suburb of Paris, on 18 November 1964, eighteen months later.", "Q60690": "Hermann Alexander Graf von Keyserling (20 July [O.S. 8] 1880 \u2013 26 April 1946) was a Baltic German philosopher from the Keyserlingk family. His grandfather, Alexander von Keyserling, was a notable geologist of Imperial Russia.", "Q202725": "Mar\u00eda de Lourdes Villiers \"Mia\" Farrow (; born February 9, 1945) is an American actress, activist, and former fashion model. Farrow has appeared in more than 50 films and won numerous awards, including a Golden Globe Award and three BAFTA Award nominations. Farrow is also known for her extensive work as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, which includes humanitarian activities in Darfur, Chad, and the Central African Republic. In 2008, Time magazine named her one of the most influential people in the world.The eldest daughter of Australian director John Farrow and Irish actress Maureen O'Sullivan, Farrow had a strict Catholic upbringing in Beverly Hills, California. After working as a fashion model during her teenage years, she first gained notice for her role as Allison MacKenzie in the television soap opera Peyton Place (1964\u20131966). Her credited feature film debut in Guns at Batasi (1964) earned her a Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year, and she gained further recognition for her subsequent two-year marriage to Frank Sinatra, whom she married at age 21. Farrow's portrayal of Rosemary Woodhouse in the horror film Rosemary's Baby (1968) saw her nominated for a BAFTA Award and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. She earned a third Golden Globe nomination for her role in John and Mary (1969).\nIn 1971, Farrow became the first American actress in history to join the Royal Shakespeare Company, appearing as Joan of Arc in a production of Jeanne d'Arc au b\u00fbcher. This was followed by stage productions of Mary Rose (1972), Three Sisters (1973), and Ivanov (1976). Farrow also starred in several films throughout the 1970s, notably as Daisy Buchanan in the 1974 film adaptation of The Great Gatsby, and Robert Altman's comedy A Wedding (1978).\nFarrow began a relationship with filmmaker Woody Allen in 1979, and over a decade-long period starred in 13 of his films, beginning with A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy (1982). She received numerous critical accolades for her performances in several of Allen's films, including Golden Globe Award nominations for Broadway Danny Rose (1984), The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985), and Alice (1990), as well as a BAFTA nomination for Hannah and Her Sisters (1986). After separating from Allen in 1992, Farrow made public allegations that he sexually assaulted their seven-year-old adopted daughter, Dylan, which he has repeatedly denied. Despite inconclusive evidence, Farrow retained custody of Dylan. These claims received significant renewed public attention after Dylan recounted the alleged assault in a 2013 interview.\nSince the 2000s, Farrow has made occasional appearances on television, such as a recurring role on Third Watch (2001\u20132003), and had supporting parts in such films as The Omen (2006), Be Kind Rewind (2008), and Dark Horse (2011). She has also dedicated significant periods to raising her multiple adopted and biological children, as well participating in humanitarian efforts abroad, specifically regarding human rights in African countries.", "Q764125": "The Action Party (Italian: Partito d'Azione, PdA) was a liberal-socialist political party in Italy. The party was anti-fascist and republican. Its prominent leaders were Carlo Rosselli, Ferruccio Parri, Emilio Lussu and Ugo La Malfa. Other prominent members included Leone Ginzburg, Ernesto de Martino, Norberto Bobbio, Riccardo Lombardi, Vittorio Foa and the Nobel-winning poet Eugenio Montale.", "Q179449": "Ariane Mnouchkine (French: [a\u0281jan nu\u0283kin]; born 3 March 1939) is a French stage director. She founded the Parisian avant-garde stage ensemble Th\u00e9\u00e2tre du Soleil in 1964. She wrote and directed 1789 (1974) and Moli\u00e8re (1978), and directed La Nuit Miraculeuse (1989). She holds a Chair of Artistic Creation at the Coll\u00e8ge de France, an Honorary Degree in Performing Arts from the University of Rome III, awarded in 2005 and an Honorary Doctor of Letters from Oxford University, awarded 18 June 2008.", "Q966465": "Tjodalv (born Ian Kenneth \u00c5kesson in 1976) is a Norwegian drummer. He is a founding member of both Dimmu Borgir and Old Man's Child. He now plays in Black Comedy and Susperia. Tjodalv played guitar on the first Dimmu Borgir albums Inn i evighetens m\u00f8rke and For all tid. He then switched to drumming for them on Stormbl\u00e5st and continued with this until 1999. Due to his family and musical differences he left Dimmu Borgir on amicable terms. He was replaced by Nicholas Barker, former drummer of Cradle of Filth.\nShortly before leaving Dimmu Borgir, he founded the group Susperia, with whom he remains active to date.\n\n", "Q235189": "Mary Megan Winningham (; born May 16, 1959) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. A seven-time Emmy Award nominee, she won Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for Amber Waves in 1980 and George Wallace in 1998. She was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1995 film Georgia.\nWinningham's other film and TV roles include St. Elmo's Fire (1985), Miracle Mile (1988), Turner & Hooch (1989), The War (1994), Dandelion (2004), Swing Vote (2008), Brothers (2009), Mildred Pierce (2011), Hatfields & McCoys (2012) and appeared in American Horror Story for four seasons; Coven (2013), Freak Show (2014), Hotel (2015-16) and Cult (2017). She made her New York stage debut in the 2007 Off-Broadway musical 10 Million Miles, for which she received a Drama Desk Award nomination. and her Broadway debut in the 2013 revival of Picnic. In 2014, she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for the original Broadway production of Casa Valentina. She was cast as Cherry Lockhart for Seasons 1-2 and 4 as Cole's mother in the tv series The Affair.", "Q161206": "1-900 or 06 is a 1994 Dutch erotic romantic drama film directed by Theo Van Gogh. The screenplay was based on a stage play by Johan van Doesburg. The film depicts a relationship based on telephone sex which gets out of hand. The film was selected as the Dutch entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 67th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "Q12560": "The Ottoman Empire (; Ottoman Turkish: \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647\u200e Devlet-i \u02bfAl\u012bye-i \u02bfOsm\u0101n\u012bye, literally \"The Sublime Ottoman State\"; Modern Turkish: Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu or Osmanl\u0131 Devleti; French: Empire ottoman) was a state and caliphate that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman I. Although initially the dynasty was of Turkic origin, it was Persianised in terms of language, culture, literature and habits. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe, and with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.During the 16th and 17th centuries, at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling most of Southeast Europe, parts of Central Europe, Western Asia, parts of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus, North Africa and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century, the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy over the course of centuries.With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. While the empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline following the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, this view is no longer supported by the majority of academic historians. The empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military throughout the 17th and much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind that of their European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, which prompted them to initiate a comprehensive process of reform and modernisation known as the Tanzimat. Thus, over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became vastly more powerful and organised, despite suffering further territorial losses, especially in the Balkans, where a number of new states emerged.In the early 20th century, the empire allied with Germany, hoping to escape from the diplomatic isolation which had contributed to its recent territorial losses, and thus joined World War I on the side of the Central Powers. While the Empire was able to largely hold its own during the conflict, it was struggling with internal dissent, especially with the Arab Revolt in its Arabian holdings. During this time, genocide was committed by the Ottoman government against the Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks.The Empire's defeat and the occupation of part of its territory by the Allied Powers in the aftermath of World War I resulted in its partitioning and the loss of its Middle Eastern territories, which were divided between the United Kingdom and France. The successful Turkish War of Independence led by Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk against the occupying Allies led to the emergence of the Republic of Turkey in the Anatolian heartland and the abolition of the Ottoman monarchy.", "Q107183": "Johannes Rhagius Aesticampianus (also Johannes Rak von Sommerfeld or Hans Rack) (Sommerfeld, 1457 - Wittenberg, 31 May 1520) was a German theologian and humanism.", "Q316022": "Harry Nyquist (, Swedish: [\u02c8n\u0177\u02d0kv\u026ast]; February 7, 1889 \u2013 April 4, 1976) was a Swedish-born American electronic engineer who made important contributions to communication theory.", "Q834337": "The town of Grass Valley is the largest town in the western region of Nevada County, California, United States. Situated at roughly 2,500 feet (760 m) elevation in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, this historic northern Gold Country city is 57 miles (92 km) by car from the state capitol in Sacramento, 64 miles (103 km) from Sacramento International Airport, 88 miles (142 km) west of Reno, and 143 miles (230 km) northeast of San Francisco. As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 12,860.", "Q979545": "Michael Jay Boskin (born September 23, 1945) is the T. M. Friedman Professor of Economics and senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. He also is Chief Executive Officer and President of Boskin & Co., an economic consulting company.\n\n", "Q138373": "The Millionairess is a 1960 British romantic comedy film set in London, directed by Anthony Asquith and starring Sophia Loren and Peter Sellers. It is a loose adaptation of George Bernard Shaw's 1936 play of the same name.\n\n", "Q715904": "Peter Rogers (20 February 1914 \u2013 14 April 2009) was an English film producer. He is best known for his involvement in the making of the Carry On series of films.", "Q572933": "Anthony John Burger (June 5, 1961 \u2013 February 22, 2006) was an American pianist and singer, most closely associated with Southern gospel music.", "Q505563": "Emanuel Ax (born 8 June 1949) is a Grammy-winning American classical pianist. He is a teacher on the faculty of the Juilliard School.", "Q234297": "Miou-Miou (French: [mjumju]; born Sylvette Herry on 22 February 1950) is a French actress. In her career she has worked with a number of international directors, including Michel Gondry, Bertrand Blier, Claude Berri, Jacques Deray, Patrice Leconte, Joseph Losey and Louis Malle. A 10-time C\u00e9sar Award nominee, she won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress for the 1979 film Memoirs of a French Whore. Her other films include This Sweet Sickness (1977), Entre Nous (1983), May Fools (1990), Germinal (1993), Dry Cleaning (1997) and Arr\u00eatez-moi (2013).", "Q1585614": "Frank Floyd, known as Harmonica Frank (October 11, 1908 \u2013 August 7, 1984) was an American blues singer, guitarist and harmonicist.", "Q62087": "Otto Lebrecht Eduard Daniel Meissner (13 March 1880, Bischwiller, Alsace \u2013 27 May 1953, Munich) was head of the Office of the President of Germany during the entire period of the Weimar Republic under Friedrich Ebert and Paul von Hindenburg and, finally, at the beginning of the Nazi government under Adolf Hitler.", "Q483706": "The Grace (stylized as CSJH The Grace), an initialism for Cheon Sang Ji Hui Deo Geureiseu (Chinese: \u5929\u4e0a\u667a\u559c The Grace), also known in Japan as Tenjochiki (\u5929\u4e0a\u667a\u559c, Tenj\u014dchiki), was a South Korean A cappella group formed by SM Entertainment in 2005, with the four members: Lina, Dana, Sunday and Stephanie. They debuted with the single Too Good on April 29, 2005. Through the group's career, they releases and performs music in Korean and Japanese with a total of three studio albums and many more singles.\nThe group continue to release music until their second Japanese album Dear... in January 2009. After the injury of Stephanie in 2010, the group's activities to be halted. In July 2011, the group returned with duo unit Dana&Sunday, which the duo continuing to release some digital single before also went to hiatus. All of The Grace's members later maintain solo careers in fields including music, theater, and television, while member Stephanie signed another music label to her solo music and maintain with SM until her contract expired in 2016.\n\n", "Q65924": "Kappelen (French: Chapelle) is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q171001": "Pope Clement III (Latin: Clemens III; 1130 \u2013 20 March 1191), born Paulino (or Paolo) Scolari, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 December 1187 to his death.", "Q316036": "Ryan Matthew Dunn (June 11, 1977 \u2013 June 20, 2011) was an American stunt performer, television personality, comedian, actor, writer, musician, and one of the stars of the MTV reality stunt show Jackass.\nDunn rose to fame in the late 1990s as a member of the CKY Crew with his long-time friend, Bam Margera, for their extreme stunts and pranks recorded on camera, which led to the rise of Jackass. Dunn also hosted Homewrecker and Proving Ground, and appeared in the feature films Blonde Ambition and Street Dreams, as well as in Margera's films Haggard and Minghags. Dunn died in a car crash in 2011 at the age of 34.", "Q117384": "Fernando Guti\u00e9rrez Barrios (October 26, 1927 \u2013 October 30, 2000) was a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He was in charge of the Direcci\u00f3n Federal de Seguridad secret police at the midst of the dirty war (1964 \u2013 1970), served as governor of Veracruz (1986 \u2013 1988) and as Secretary of the Interior in the cabinet of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari.\nGuti\u00e9rrez Barrios was born in Veracruz, Veracruz. His parents were Fernando Guti\u00e9rrez Ferrer and Ana Mar\u00eda Barrios. He graduated from the Colegio Militar military academy in 1947 and joined the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 1950.\nIn 2000, voters elected Guti\u00e9rrez Barrios as a senator for the LVIII and LIX Legislature. While he took the oath of office on September 1, 2000, he died nearly two months later, on October 30. He was replaced by his alternate, Noem\u00ed Zoila Guzm\u00e1n Lagunes.Source: Diccionario biogr\u00e1fico del gobierno mexicano, Ed. Fondo de Cultura Econ\u00f3mica, Mexico, 1992", "Q138367": "Camden is a city in and the county seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. Camden is located directly across the Delaware River from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 77,344. Camden is the 12th most populous municipality in New Jersey. The city was incorporated on February 13, 1828. Camden has been the county seat of Camden County since the county was formed on March 13, 1844. The city derives its name from Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden. Camden is made up of over twenty different neighborhoods.Beginning in the early 1900s, Camden was a consistently prosperous industrial city, and remained so throughout the Great Depression and World War II. During the 1950s, Camden manufacturers began gradually closing their factories and moving out of the city. With the loss of manufacturing jobs came a sharp population decline. The growth of the interstate highway system also played a large role in suburbanization, which resulted in white flight. Civil unrest and crime became common in Camden. In 1971, civil unrest reached its peak, with riots breaking out in response to the death of Horacio Jimenez, a Puerto Rican motorist who was killed by two police officers.The Camden waterfront holds three tourist attractions, the USS New Jersey; the BB&T Pavilion; and the Adventure Aquarium. The city is the home of Rutgers University\u2013Camden, which was founded as the South Jersey Law School in 1926, and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, which opened in 2012. Camden also houses both Cooper University Hospital and Virtua Our Lady of Lourdes Medical Center. The \"eds and meds\" institutions account for roughly 45% of Camden's total employment.There were 23 murders in Camden in 2017, the lowest in the city in three decades, part of a significant decline in violent crime since 2012.\n\n", "Q14105": "Meredith L. Patterson (born April 30, 1977) is an American technologist, science fiction writer, and journalist. She has spoken at numerous industry conferences on a wide range of topics. She is also a blogger and software developer, and a leading figure in the biopunk movement.", "Q1344207": "Ring (\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0, Ringu) is a Japanese mystery horror novel by Koji Suzuki first published in 1991, and set in modern-day Japan. The novel was the first in the Ring novel series, and the first of a trilogy, along with two sequels: Spiral (1995) and Loop (1998). The original Ring novel sold 500,000 copies by January 1998, and 1.5 million copies by July 2000. Ring was the basis for the Ring media franchise, including a 1995 television film (Ring: Kanzenban), a 1998 theatrical film of the same name (Ring), a television series (Ring: The Final Chapter), and two international film remakes of the 1998 film: a South Korean version (The Ring Virus) and an American version (The Ring).", "Q502218": "The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse, Asher Durand, Thomas Cole, Martin E. Thompson, Charles Cushing Wright, Ithiel Town, and others \"to promote the fine arts in America through instruction and exhibition.\" Membership is limited to 450 American artists and architects, who are elected by their peers on the basis of recognized excellence.", "Q183297": "Mustafa \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc (Turkish pronunciation: [is\u02c8met \u02c8in\u0153ny]; 24 September 1884 \u2013 25 December 1973) was a Turkish general and statesman, who served as the second President of Turkey from 10 November 1938 to 27 May 1950, when his Republican People's Party was defeated in Turkey's second free elections. He also served as the first Chief of the General Staff from 1922 to 1924, and as the first Prime Minister after the declaration of the Republic, serving three terms: from 1923 to 1924, 1925 to 1937, and 1961 to 1965. As President, he was granted the official title of \"Mill\u00ee \u015eef\" (National Chief).When the 1934 Surname Law was adopted, Mustafa Kemal gave him a surname taken from \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, where he commanded the forces of Army of Grand National Assembly as the Minister of the Chief of the General Staff (Turkish: Erk\u00e2n-\u0131 Harbiye-i Umumiye Reis Vekili) during the Greco-Turkish War of 1919\u20131922. Afterwards these battles became to be known as the First Battle of \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc and Second Battle of \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc.\n\n", "Q440759": "Iren Reppen (born 19 December 1965) is a Norwegian actress.\nShe graduated from Norwegian National Academy of Theatre in 1990. Her debut was in the play \u00abRomeo and Juliet\u00bb ved Tr\u00f8ndelag Teater in 1990. She has since worked at Det Norske Teatret (the Norwegian Theater), and other theatres. Her best-known role is probably the cabaret \"Det e' hardt \u00e5 v\u00e6re mainn\" (It's hard to be man) from 1994. She has also acted in film and television, in roles such as \"Nini\" in the television series by the same name in 2001, and in the movies Krigerens hjerte (1991) and For dagene er onde (1992). In 2007, she was made director of H\u00e5logaland Teater in Troms\u00f8, assuming office in 2009.\n\n", "Q62093": "David James \"Mac\" McAllister (born 12 January 1971) is a German politician and member of the European Parliament from Germany. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party. He is the current Vice President of the European People's Party and he is also Vice Chairman of the International Democrat Union. He was appointed Chair of the European Parliament Foreign Affairs Committee in February 2017.On 1 July 2010 McAllister was elected Minister-President of the state of Lower Saxony, succeeding Christian Wulff, who resigned following his election as President of Germany. Until his election defeat on 19 February 2013, he headed a coalition government with the liberal FDP, the Cabinet McAllister. In the 2014 European elections, McAllister was elected a Member of the European Parliament as the CDU's top candidate in Lower Saxony.A lawyer by profession, he served as chairman of the CDU parliamentary group in the Lower Saxon Parliament from 2003 to 2010 and was elected chairman of the state party in 2008. In November 2016 he left the chairman post, and announced that he sees his political future in Europe. McAllister holds both German and British citizenship.\nFollowing his election as Minister-President, he was described as a rising star in the CDU and, at the time, as a potential successor to Angela Merkel. He has more recently been mentioned as a possible future European Commissioner.", "Q9067": "Hungarian (magyar nyelv ) is a Uralic language spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighbouring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary it is also spoken by communities of Hungarians in the countries that today make up Slovakia, western Ukraine (Subcarpathia), central and western Romania (Transylvania), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia and northeastern Slovenia (Mur region).\nIt is also spoken by Hungarian diaspora communities worldwide, especially in North America (particularly the United States and Canada) and Israel. With 13 million speakers, it is the Uralic family's largest member by number of speakers.", "Q1184931": "Ola Gjeilo ( YAY-loh; Norwegian pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u00e6\u0300\u026al\u028a], born May 5, 1978) is a Norwegian composer and pianist, living in the United States.He writes choral music, and has written for piano and wind symphony, publishing through Walton Music, Edition Peters, and Boosey and Hawkes.", "Q922233": "Louis-Marie de Carn\u00e9 (17 February 1804, Quimper, Finist\u00e8re \u2013 11 February 1876, Plomelin), comte de Carn\u00e9 was a French politician, journalist and historian.", "Q547744": "Animaniacs is an American animated comedy television series created by Tom Ruegger for the Fox Broadcasting Company's Fox Kids block, before moving to The WB in 1995 until the series ended in 1998 as part of its Kids' WB afternoon programming block. It is the second animated series produced by Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment in association with Warner Bros. Animation, after Tiny Toon Adventures. It initially ran a total of 99 episodes and one film being Wakko's Wish.\nAnimaniacs is a variety show, with short skits featuring a large cast of characters. While the show had no set format, the majority of episodes were composed of three short mini-episodes, each starring a different set of characters, and bridging segments. Hallmarks of the series included its music, character catchphrases, and humor directed at an adult audience.\nA reboot of the series was announced by Hulu in January 2018, with two seasons to be produced in conjunction with Amblin Entertainment and Warner Bros. Animation, set to premiere Fall 2020.", "Q200126": "The 18th arrondissement of Paris (XVIIIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as dix-huiti\u00e8me.\nThe arrondissement, known as Butte-Montmartre, is located on the right bank of the River Seine. It is mostly known for hosting the district of Montmartre which contains a hill known for its artistic history, the Bateau-Lavoir where Pablo Picasso, George Braque, and Amedeo Modigliani lived and worked in early 20th century, the house of music diva Dalida, the Moulin Rouge cabaret, other historic features, and the prominent Sacr\u00e9 C\u0153ur basilica which sits atop the hill.\nThe 18th arrondissement also contains the North African and African district of Goutte d'Or which is famous for its market, the march\u00e9 Barb\u00e8s, where one can find various products from the African continent.", "Q577687": "John Reginald Owen (5 August 1887 \u2013 5 November 1972) was an English actor known for his many roles in British and American film along with television programs.", "Q2132": "Victoria (Saanich: METULIYE m\u0259t\u00faliy\u0259) is the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia, located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada's Pacific coast. The city has a population of 85,792, and the Greater Victoria Area has a population of 367,770. Victoria is the 7th most densely populated city in Canada with 4,405.8 people per square kilometre, which is a greater population density than Toronto.Victoria is the southernmost major city in Western Canada, and is about 100 km (60 mi) from British Columbia's largest city of Vancouver on the mainland. The city is about 100 km (60 mi) from Seattle by airplane, ferry, or the Victoria Clipper passenger-only ferry which operates daily, year round between Seattle and Victoria, and 40 km (25 mi) from Port Angeles, Washington, by ferry Coho across the Strait of Juan de Fuca.\nNamed for Queen Victoria, the city is one of the oldest in the Pacific Northwest, with British settlement beginning in 1843. The city has retained a large number of its historic buildings, in particular its two most famous landmarks, Parliament Buildings (finished in 1897 and home of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia) and the Empress hotel (opened in 1908). The city's Chinatown is the second oldest in North America after San Francisco's. The region's Coast Salish First Nations peoples established communities in the area long before European settlement, which had large populations at the time of European exploration.\nKnown as \"The Garden City\", Victoria is an attractive city and a popular tourism destination with a regional technology sector that has risen to be its largest revenue-generating private industry. Victoria is in the top twenty of world cities for quality-of-life, according to Numbeo. The city has a large non-local student population, who come to attend the Victoria College of Art, the Canadian College of Performing Arts, and high school programs run by the region's three school districts. Victoria is popular with boaters with its rugged shorelines and beaches. Victoria is also popular with retirees, who come to enjoy the temperate and usually snow-free climate of the area as well as the usually relaxed pace of the city.", "Q49216": "Walter Frederick \"Fritz\" Mondale (born January 5, 1928) is an American politician, diplomat and lawyer who served as the 42nd vice president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A United States senator from Minnesota (1964\u20131976), he was the Democratic Party's nominee in the United States presidential election of 1984, but lost to Ronald Reagan in an Electoral College landslide. Reagan won 49 states while Mondale carried his home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia. In October 2002, Mondale became the last-minute choice of the Minnesota Democratic\u2013Farmer\u2013Labor Party to run for Senate after the death of Senator Paul Wellstone, but was defeated by Saint Paul Mayor Norm Coleman. Mondale became the oldest living former U.S. vice president after the death of George H. W. Bush in 2018.\nMondale was born in Ceylon, Minnesota, and graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1951 after attending Macalester College. He then served in the United States Army during the Korean War before earning a law degree in 1956. He married Joan Adams in 1955. Working as a lawyer in Minneapolis, Mondale was appointed Minnesota Attorney General in 1960 by Governor Orville Freeman and was elected to a full term as attorney general in 1962 with 60% of the vote. He was appointed to the U.S. Senate by Governor Karl Rolvaag upon the resignation of Senator Hubert Humphrey following Humphrey's election as vice president in 1964. Mondale was elected to a full Senate term in 1966 and reelected in 1972, resigning in 1976 as he prepared to succeed to the vice presidency in 1977. While in the Senate, he supported consumer protection, fair housing, tax reform, and the desegregation of schools. Importantly, he served as a member of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (\"Church Committee\").In 1976, Jimmy Carter, the Democratic presidential nominee, chose Mondale as his vice-presidential running mate. The Carter\u2013Mondale ticket defeated incumbent president Gerald Ford and his vice presidential running mate, Bob Dole. Carter and Mondale's time in office was marred by a worsening economy and they lost the 1980 election to Republicans Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush. In 1984, Mondale won the Democratic presidential nomination and campaigned for a nuclear freeze, the Equal Rights Amendment, an increase in taxes, and a reduction of U.S. public debt. His vice presidential nominee was Geraldine Ferraro, a Congresswoman from New York, the first female vice-presidential nominee of any major party. Mondale and Ferraro lost the election to the incumbents Reagan and Bush.\nAfter his defeat, Mondale joined the Minnesota-based law firm Dorsey & Whitney and the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (1986\u201393). President Bill Clinton appointed Mondale United States Ambassador to Japan in 1993; he retired in 1996. In 2002, Mondale ran for his old Senate seat, agreeing to be the last-minute replacement for Democratic Senator Paul Wellstone, who died in a plane crash less than two weeks before the election. Mondale narrowly lost the race to Saint Paul mayor Norm Coleman. He then returned to working at Dorsey & Whitney and remained active in the Democratic Party. Mondale later took up a part-time teaching position at the University of Minnesota's Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs.\n\n", "Q726302": "Mosima Gabriel \"Tokyo\" Sexwale (Venda: [sexw\u00e1le]; born 5 March 1953) is a South African businessman, politician, anti-apartheid activist, and former political prisoner. Sexwale was imprisoned on Robben Island for his anti-apartheid activities, alongside figures such as Nelson Mandela. After the 1994 general election\u2014the first fully democratic election in South Africa\u2014Sexwale became the Premier of Gauteng Province. He served in the government of South Africa as Minister of Human Settlements from 2009 to 2013.\n\n", "Q70497": "August Friedrich von Pauly (; German: [\u02c8pa\u028ali]; 9 May 1796, Benningen am Neckar \u2013 2 May 1845, Stuttgart) was a German educator and classical philologist.", "Q5885": "Tamil (; \u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bcd Tami\u1e3b [t\u032aami\u027b], pronunciation ) is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken by the Tamil people of India and Sri Lanka, and by the Tamil diaspora, Sri Lankan Moors, Chindians, and Douglas. Tamil is an official language in three countries: India, Sri Lanka and Singapore. In India, it is the official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Puducherry. Furthermore, Tamil is used as one of the languages of education in Malaysia, along with English, Malay and Mandarin. Tamil is spoken by significant minorities in the four other South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.\nTamil is one of the longest-surviving classical languages in the world. A. K. Ramanujan described it as \"the only language of contemporary India which is recognizably continuous with a classical past.\" The variety and quality of classical Tamil literature has led to it being described as \"one of the great classical traditions and literatures of the world\".A recorded Tamil literature has been documented for over 2000 years. The earliest period of Tamil literature, Sangam literature, is dated from ca. 300 BC \u2013 AD 300. It has the oldest extant literature among Dravidian languages. The earliest epigraphic records found on rock edicts and 'hero stones' date from around the 3rd century BC. More than 55% of the epigraphical inscriptions (about 55,000) found by the Archaeological Survey of India are in the Tamil language. Tamil language inscriptions written in Brahmi script have been discovered in Sri Lanka and on trade goods in Thailand and Egypt. The two earliest manuscripts from India, acknowledged and registered by the UNESCO Memory of the World register in 1997 and 2005, were written in Tamil.In 1578, Portuguese Christian missionaries published a Tamil prayer book in old Tamil script named Thambiran Vanakkam, thus making Tamil the first Indian language to be printed and published. The Tamil Lexicon, published by the University of Madras, was one of the earliest dictionaries published in the Indian languages. According to a 2001 survey, there were 1,863 newspapers published in Tamil, of which 353 were dailies.", "Q60684": "Novalis (; German: [no\u02c8va\u02d0l\u026as]) was the pseudonym and pen name of Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg (2 May 1772 \u2013 25 March 1801), a poet, author, mystic, and philosopher of Early German Romanticism. Hardenberg's professional work and university background, namely his study of mineralogy and management of salt mines in Saxony, was often ignored by his contemporary readers. The first studies showing important relations between his literary and professional works started in the 1960s.", "Q1936057": "Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University (Turkish: Mimar Sinan G\u00fczel Sanatlar \u00dcniversitesi; abbreviated MSGS\u00dc) is a Turkish state university dedicated to the higher education of fine arts. It is located in the F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131 neighborhood of Beyo\u011flu, \u0130stanbul, Turkey. Mimar Sinan Fine Arts High School in \u0130stanbul and Ankara is not a unit of Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University.", "Q207891": "Kokkola (Swedish: Karleby) is a town and municipality of Finland.\nThe town is located in the Central Ostrobothnia region. The town has a population of 47,706 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 2,730.80 square kilometres (1,054.37 sq mi) of which 1,286.61 km2 (496.76 sq mi) is water. The population density is 33.03 inhabitants per square kilometre (85.5/sq mi). Neighbour municipalities are Halsua, Kalajoki, Kannus, Kaustinen, Kronoby, Lestij\u00e4rvi, Larsmo and Toholampi.\nThe municipality is bilingual with 84.2% being Finnish and 13.9% Swedish speakers.\nKokkola will celebrate its 400th anniversary in 2020.", "Q850869": "San Marino is a residential city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. It was incorporated on April 25, 1913. As of the 2010 census the population was 13,147. The city is one of the wealthiest places in the nation in terms of household income. By extension, with a median home price of $2,699,098, San Marino is one of the most expensive and exclusive neighborhoods in the nation.", "Q893822": "Borislav Jovanovi\u0107 (Montenegrin Cyrillic: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0408\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, born 1941 in Danilovgrad), Montenegrin writer, poet, author essays and literary critic.\nDuring the 1990s and later Jovanovic, as well as the influential columnist for the daily newspaper Pobjeda, pleiad young Montenegrin writers. These and other books he wrote about 200 bibliographic units.\nConsidered to be \"the most important interpreter of recent trends Montenegrin literary practices\", while \"Jovanovic collection of essays titled 'The Montenegrin literary urbanity', certainly, to date, is qualified and out of Montenegro most quoted literary critical view of the Montenegrin new, primarily urban literature\".He was an active participant in a sharp public struggle for constitutional recognition of Montenegrin language as the mother tongue Montenegrins.His literary works have contributed to the modern understanding kulturng and political heritage of the Montenegrins. His work on this problem are mostly consolidated in the books \"Libroskopija\" (2002) and \"Montenegrin literary urbanity\" (2005).\nShortened version of the introductory text for the book \"Montenegrin literary urbanity\" was released as a preface the book \"Sons \u2013 view of contemporary fiction Montenegro\" which is 2006 was published in published Antibarbarus from Zagreb, the Plima from Ulcinj and the association of Sa(n)jam knjige from Pula.\nThe text of the author \"New Montenegrin novel \u2013 deconstruction, personal poetics, discontinuity\" was published in the latest book \"Voices of the Montenegrin fiction: literary \u2013 historical election and view\"(Osijek-Cetinje 2007) in the co-author Dr. Milorad Nik\u010devi\u0107 and Dr. Jakov Sablji\u0107, professor of Osijek University (Croatia).\nJovanovic graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philology. He is a member of the Montenegrin society independent writer and Matica crnogorska.\nAs a poet, Jovanovic winner Ratkovic awards, largest Montenegrin recognition in the field of poetry for his collection of poems \"Kenotaf\".He is the author and several collections of poems for children.", "Q219477": "A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to promote their faith or perform ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development. The word \"mission\" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin missionem (nom. missio), meaning \"act of sending\" or mittere, meaning \"to send\". The word was used in light of its biblical usage; in the Latin translation of the Bible, Christ uses the word when sending the disciples to preach the gospel in his name. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology.", "Q380054": "Leonard Joseph \"Chico\" Marx (March 22, 1887 \u2013 October 11, 1961) was an American comedian, musician, actor and film star. He was a member of the Marx Brothers (with Groucho Marx, Harpo Marx, and Zeppo Marx). His persona in the act was that of a charming, uneducated but crafty con artist, seemingly of rural Italian origin, who wore shabby clothes and sported a curly-haired wig and Tyrolean hat. On screen, Chico is often in alliance with Harpo, usually as partners in crime, and is also frequently seen trying to con or outfox Groucho. Leonard was the oldest of the Marx Brothers to live past early childhood (first-born Manfred Marx had died in infancy). In addition to his work as a performer, he played an important role in the management and development of the act in its early years.", "Q83279": "SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated comedy television series created by marine science educator and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon. The series chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his aquatic friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. The fifth-longest-running American animated series, its popularity has made it a media franchise. It is the highest rated series to air on Nickelodeon and ViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks' most distributed property. As of late 2017, the media franchise has generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.Many of the series' ideas originated in The Intertidal Zone, an unpublished educational book that Hillenburg created in 1989 to teach his students about undersea life. He began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series in 1996 following the cancellation of Rocko's Modern Life. He turned to Tom Kenny, who had worked with him on that series, to voice the title character. SpongeBob was originally going to be named SpongeBoy, and the series called SpongeBoy Ahoy!; both of these were changed as the name was already trademarked.\nNickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on May 1, 1999, after it aired the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards. The series officially premiered on July 17, 1999. It has received worldwide critical acclaim since its premiere and had gained enormous popularity by its second season. A feature film, The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, was released in theaters on November 19, 2004. A second film adaptation, The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water, followed on February 6, 2015. A third film and prequel to the television series, The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run, is expected to be released on August 7, 2020. In 2018, the series began airing its twelfth season; it was renewed for a thirteenth season on July 17, 2019.SpongeBob SquarePants has won a variety of awards including: six Annie Awards, eight Golden Reel Awards, four Emmy Awards, 16 Kids' Choice Awards, and two BAFTA Children's Awards. The series has been involved in several public controversies including speculation over SpongeBob's intended sexual orientation. In 2011, a newly discovered species of fungus, Spongiforma squarepantsii, was named after the cartoon's title character. A Broadway musical based on the series opened in 2017 to critical acclaim. Two spin-off series, Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years and an untitled spin-off based on the character Squidward Tentacles, are in development as of 2019.", "Q4225": "Emmen is a village and municipality in the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. The municipality Emmen consists of the village Emmen, the town Emmenbr\u00fccke, and several hamlets.\nThe official language of Emmen is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q144904": "Zalman Yanovsky (December 19, 1944 \u2013 December 13, 2002) was a Canadian folk-rock musician. Born in Toronto, he was the son of political cartoonist Avrom Yanovsky. He played lead guitar and sang for the Lovin' Spoonful, a rock band which he founded with John Sebastian in 1964. He was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1996. He was married to actress Jackie Burroughs, with whom he had one daughter, Zoe.", "Q29284": "G\u00f3mez Manrique y de Castilla (c. 1412 \u2013 c. 1490) was a Spanish poet, soldier, politician and dramatist.", "Q388408": "Endless Love is a 1981 American romantic drama film directed by Franco Zeffirelli, starring Brooke Shields and Martin Hewitt. Based on the 1979 Scott Spencer novel of the same name, the screenplay was written by Judith Rascoe. The original music score was composed by Jonathan Tunick.\nCritics compared the film unfavorably to the novel, which showcased the dangers of obsessive love. Despite the poor reviews, the film was a box-office success, and its eponymous theme song, performed by Diana Ross and Lionel Richie, became a #1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100. The song spent nine weeks at #1 and received Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for \"Best Original Song\", along with five Grammy Award nominations.\nTom Cruise makes his film debut, in a minor role.", "Q653789": "Pippi Longstocking is a Canadian-German-Swedish animated television series produced by AB Svensk Filmindustri, TaurusFilm, TFC Trickompany Filmproduktion, and Nelvana based on the book series drawn and written by Swedish author Astrid Lindgren.It was led by German director Michael Schaack. The story editor and chief writer for the series was Ken Sobol. His son John Sobol also wrote several episodes.", "Q209102": "Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius (c. 250 \u2013 c. 325) was an early Christian author who became an advisor to the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine I, guiding his religious policy as it developed, and a tutor to his son Crispus. His most important work is the Institutiones Divinae (\"The Divine Institutes\"), an apologetic treatise intended to establish the reasonableness and truth of Christianity to pagan critics.", "Q84516": "Franz Stadion, Graf von Warthausen (27 July 1806 \u2013 8 June 1853), son of the Austrian diplomat Johann Philipp Stadion, Count von Warthausen. Born in Vienna, he was a statesman who served the Austrian Empire during the 1840s. From 1841 he was Governor of the Austrian Littoral (with its capital at Trieste), from 1847 to 1848 Governor of Galicia (where he freed the peasants from labor duties), and from 1848 to 1849 he was Interior Minister and Minister of Education. He advocated constitutional government, decreed the Imposed March Constitution in March 1849 which was never enacted, and in 1849 promulgated the Gemeinde (municipality) legislation that granted governmental autonomy to all municipalities in the Austrian empire. Lewis Namier, in 1848: The Revolution of the Intellectuals (p. 18), calls him \"one of the most enlightened and efficient Austrian administrators.\"", "Q267803": "Spring Dell Byington (October 17, 1886 \u2013 September 7, 1971) was an American actress. Her career included a seven-year run on radio and television as the star of December Bride. She was a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player who appeared in films from the 1930s to the 1960s. Byington received a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Penelope Sycamore in You Can't Take It with You (1938).", "Q334297": "Pak Hon-yong (Hangul: \ubc15\ud5cc\uc601, Hanja:\u6734\u61b2\u6c38, 28 May 1900 \u2013 18 December 1955) was a Korean independence activist, politician, philosopher and communist activist. One of the main leaders of the Korean communist movement during Japan's colonial rule (1910\u201345). His nickname was Ijong (\uc774\uc815) and Ichun (\uc774\ucd98), his courtesy name being Togyong (\ub355\uc601).\nDuring the Japanese occupation of Korea, he tried to organize the Korean Communist Party. When the Japanese authorities cracked down on the party, he went into hiding. After Korea's liberation, August 1945, he set up the Communist Party of Korea in the South, but under pressure from American authorities he moved to North Korea in April 1948. He attended a meeting with Kim Gu and Kim Kyu-sik on the subject of Korean reunification.\nOn record, he collaborated with Kim Il-sung in the Korean War. Pak Hon-yong seemed to have had confidence in the Korean War effort because the Workers' Party of South Korea, which had around 360,000 party members at that time. However, Park Hun-young did not expect the possibility of President Syngman Rhee massacring Southern dissenters, as in the Jeju Uprising, the Mungyeong Massacre and the Bodo League Massacre. In 1955, on account of the defeat in Korean war, he was sentenced to forfeiture of all property and death. Although the Soviet Union and China tried to dissuade Kim Il-sung from executing Pak, Pak was eventually executed for the fabricated accusation of being an American spy.\n\n", "Q66593": "Frenkendorf is a municipality in the district of Liestal in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q282131": "Merengue is a type of music and dance originating in the Dominican Republic , which has become a very popular genre throughout Latin America, and also in several major cities in the United States which Afro-Latino communities.Merengue developed as a music circa the middle of the 19th century of West African stylistic origins and has evolved and reached many different markets since. The genre was later promoted even more by Rafael Trujillo, the dictator from 1930 to 1961, who turned it into national music and dance style of the Dominican Republic. In the United States it was first popularized by New York-based groups and bandleaders like Rafael Petiton Guzman, beginning in the 1930s, and Angel Viloria y su Conjunto T\u00edpico Cibae\u00f1o in the 1950s. It was during the Trujillo era that the merengue \"Compadre Pedro Juan\", by Luis Alberti, became an international hit and standardized the 2-part form of the merengue. Merengue music was inscribed by UNESCO on the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of humanityInternationally known Merengue artists and groups include(d): Juan Luis Guerra, To\u00f1o Rosario, Fernando Villalona, Carlos Manuel El Zafiro, Los Hermanos Rosario, Bonny Cepeda, Benny Sadel, Los Toros Band, Sergio Vargas, Eddy Herrera, Wilfrido Vargas, Johnny Ventura, Grupo Rana, Miriam Cruz & Las Chicas Del Can, Joseito Mateo, Luis Ovalles, Angel Viloria, El Cieguito de Nagua, Kinito Mendez, Ravel, Jossie Esteban y la Patrulla 15, Pochy y su Cocoband, Cuco Valoy, The Freddy Kenton Orquestra, Ram\u00f3n Orlando, Sandy Reyes, July Mateo, Rasputin, Peter Cruz, Alex Bueno, Aramis Camilo, Jochy Hern\u00e1ndez, Dioni Fernandez, The New York Band, Anibal Bravo, Conjunto Quisqueya, Olga Ta\u00f1\u00f3n, Gisselle, Henry Hierro y La Gran Manzana and Grupoman\u00eda. \nThe popularity of Merengue has been increasing in Venezuela. Venezuelan Merengueros include Roberto Antonio, Miguel Moly, Natusha, Porfi Jim\u00e9nez, Billo's Caracas Boys, and Los Melodicos. Merengue is also popular in the coastal city of Guayaquil in Ecuador. \nThe new line of Merengue created in New York City has become very popular amongst younger listeners. Known as \"Merengue de Mambo,\" its proponents include: Omega, Oro 24, Los Ficos, Los Gambinos, Alberto Flash, Mala Fe, Henry Jimenez, and Aybar.", "Q102789": "Miriam Dehne (born February 23, 1968 in D\u00fcsseldorf), is a German film director and screenwriter.", "Q76780": "Matthias Ettrich (born 14 June 1972 in Bietigheim-Bissingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) is a German computer scientist and founder of the KDE and LyX projects.", "Q289064": "Felipe Colombo Egu\u00eda (born January 8, 1983 in Mexico City); is a Mexican-Argentine actor (of theater, films and television), singer, songwriter and musician. His nickname is Feli, Felu or Pipe. He is best known for portraying Felipe Mej\u00eda in Chiquititas, Manuel Aguirre in teenage television series Rebelde Way, Lucho Fierro in Son de Fierro and Bernardo Berlanga in Herederos de una venganza and as a member of Argentine band Erreway.", "Q96112": "Karl Erich Rudolf Formis (25 December 1894 - 23 January 1935) was a German engineer and radio engineer at the S\u00fcddeutsche Rundfunk AG (S\u00dcRAG) subsidiary of Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft. Formis was a pioneer of the German amateur radio movement. During the period of Nazi rule in Germany, he transmitted anti-Nazi radio broadcasts from Czechoslovakia for the Black Front organisation, using a self-built shortwave radio. Formis was murdered by the Sicherheitsdienst on the orders of Reinhard Heydrich.\n\n", "Q448463": "Alvarez Kelly is a 1966 Path\u00e9color war Western film set in the American Civil War starring William Holden and Richard Widmark. The film was based on the historic Beefsteak Raid of September 1864 led by Confederate Major General Wade Hampton III.\n\n", "Q273876": "Davenie Johanna \"Joey\" Heatherton (born September 14, 1944) is an American actress, dancer, and singer. A sex symbol of the 1960s and 1970s, she is best known for her many television appearances during that time, particularly as a frequent variety show performer, although she also appeared in acting roles. She performed for over a decade on USO tours presented by Bob Hope, and starred in several feature films including My Blood Runs Cold (1965) and The Happy Hooker Goes to Washington (1977).", "Q658804": "George Bellamy (born 10 August 1941) is an English musician, singer and former rhythm guitarist for The Tornados. He is the father of Matt Bellamy, frontman of British rock band Muse.", "Q204426": "Jane Asher (born 5 April 1946) is an English actress, author and entrepreneur who achieved early fame as a child actress and has worked extensively in film and TV throughout her career.\nAsher has appeared in TV shows and films such as Deep End, The Masque of the Red Death, Alfie, The Mistress, Crossroads, Death at a Funeral, and The Old Guys. She is also known for supplying specialist cakes and kitchenware, and publishing three best-selling novels. She was a key figure of 1960s UK entertainment and arts culture and was well known as the girlfriend and muse to Beatle Paul McCartney.", "Q350705": "Rudolf T\u011bsnohl\u00eddek (7 June 1882 in \u010c\u00e1slav - 12 January 1928 in Brno, suicide) was a Czech writer, poet, journalist and translator. He also used the pseudonym Arno\u0161t Bellis.", "Q64384": "Widen is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q555426": "Jakob Luke Dylan (born December 9, 1969) is an American singer and songwriter. He rose to fame as the lead singer and primary songwriter for the rock band the Wallflowers.\nDylan has written notable hits such as \"6th Avenue Heartache\" and \"One Headlight\", which is listed at number 58 on Rolling Stone's list of the \"100 Greatest Pop Songs\". He has won two Grammy Awards, and released two solo albums: Seeing Things in 2008 and Women + Country in 2010. Women + Country became Dylan's highest-charting album since the Wallflowers' 1996 breakthrough Bringing Down the Horse, peaking at number 12 on the Billboard 200.", "Q1826250": "Lindon Wallace Bates (1858\u20131924) was an American civil engineer.", "Q161574": "1-2-3 Corona is an East German film directed by Hans M\u00fcller. It was released in 1948.", "Q1364869": "Neil Zaza is an instrumental guitarist who has become well known for his technical accuracy and adaptation of classical works by Bach and Mozart into his own blend of neo-classical, melodic, guitar instrumentals.", "Q721323": "John Reginald Neville, CM, OBE (2 May 1925 \u2013 19 November 2011) was an English theatre and film actor, who moved to Canada in 1972. He enjoyed a resurgence of international attention in the 1980s as a result of his starring role in Terry Gilliam's The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988).", "Q343037": "Trevor Wallace Howard-Smith (29 September 1913 \u2013 7 January 1988), known as Trevor Howard, was an English actor. After varied stage work, he achieved star status with his role in the film Brief Encounter (1945), followed by The Third Man (1949). This led to many popular appearances on film and TV.", "Q78785": "Johann Adam Bernhard Ritter von Bartsch (17 August 1757 \u2013 21 August 1821) was an Austrian scholar and artist. His catalogue of old master prints is the foundation of the art history of printmaking, and he was himself a printmaker in engraving and etching.\nBartsch was born and died in Vienna. He joined the staff of the Royal Court Library in Vienna in 1777, after studying engraving at the Vienna Kupferstecheracademie, and became Head curator of the print collection in 1791. He was also an advisor to Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen, who founded the collection of the Albertina, Vienna, then as now the world's finest collection of old master prints. In the twentieth century the two collections were merged in the Albertina.", "Q57766": "Nikola Gruevski (Macedonian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 [\u02c8nik\u0254\u026ba \u02c8\u0261ruefski] (listen); Hungarian: Nikola Gruevszki; born 31 August 1970) is a politician from North Macedonia who served as Prime Minister of the then-Macedonia from 2006 to 2016, and led the VMRO-DPMNE party from 2003 to 2017. Previously, he was Minister of Finance in the VMRO-DPMNE government led by Ljub\u010do Georgievski until 2002.\nUnder the Pr\u017eino Agreement mediated by the European Union, Gruevski agreed to resign and left his post on 18 January 2016.In May 2018 he was sentenced to two years in prison on corruption charges. In November 2018 he was ordered to serve his sentence but failed to check-in with authorities and instead fled to Hungary, where he sought and was granted political asylum.Gruevski has been accused of promoting the controversial identity politics called antiquization. Under his leadership the country which had pro-European and pro-NATO policy, has changed sides to pro-Russian, pro-Serbian and anti-Western one. Gruevski has opposed to the Friendship treaty signed with Bulgaria in 2017 and the Prespa agreement signed with Greece in 2018, despite both neighboring states being NATO and EU members.\n\n", "Q175529": "John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (Polish: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Paw\u0142a II, Latin: Universitas Catholica Lublinensis Ioannis Pauli II), established in 1918, is the third oldest functioning university in Poland. The only private college in Poland with the status of a \"university\".", "Q3161134": "Lieutenant General James Guthrie Harbord (March 21, 1866 \u2013 August 20, 1947) was a senior officer of the United States Army and President and Chairman of the Board of RCA.", "Q837164": "Newcastle University (formally the University of Newcastle upon Tyne) is a public research university in Newcastle upon Tyne in the North East of England. The university can trace its origins to a School of Medicine and Surgery (later the College of Medicine), established in 1834, and to the College of Physical Science (later renamed Armstrong College), founded in 1871. These two colleges came to form one division of the federal University of Durham, with the Durham Colleges forming the other. The Newcastle colleges merged to form King's College in 1937. In 1963, following an Act of Parliament, King's College became the University of Newcastle upon Tyne.\nNewcastle University is a red brick university and is a member of the Russell Group, an association of prestigious research-intensive UK universities. The university has one of the largest EU research portfolios in the UK. The annual income of the institution for 2017\u201318 was \u00a3495.7 million of which \u00a3109.4 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3483.3 million.Teaching and research are delivered in 24 academic schools and 40 research institutes and research centres, spread across three Faculties: the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; the Faculty of Medical Sciences; and the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering. The university offers around 175 full-time undergraduate degree programmes in a wide range of subject areas spanning arts, sciences, engineering and medicine, together with approximately 340 postgraduate taught and research programmes across a range of disciplines. Newcastle University has also been awarded a prestigious Gold in Teaching by the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF), currently, it is one of only eight Russell Group universities to achieve Gold TEF rating.", "Q315271": "Joseph Jason Namakaeha Momoa (born August 1, 1979) is \nan American actor, best known for playing Khal Drogo in the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones, Ronon Dex in Stargate Atlantis, Declan Harp in the Canadian series Frontier, and Aquaman in the DC Extended Universe films Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, Justice League, and Aquaman.", "Q344758": "Gig Young (born Byron Elsworth Barr; November 4, 1913 \u2013 October 19, 1978) was an American actor. He won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969).", "Q68596": "Werner Heyde (aka Fritz Sawade) (25 April 1902 \u2013 13 February 1964) was a German psychiatrist. He was one of the main organizers of Nazi Germany's T-4 Euthanasia Program.", "Q173158": "Sir Ben Kingsley (born Krishna Pandit Bhanji; 31 December 1943) is an English actor with a career spanning over 50 years. He has garnered numerous awards and nominations, including a Grammy Award, two Golden Globe Awards, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a BAFTA Award, and an Academy Award from four nominations.\nKingsley is best known for his starring role as Mohandas Gandhi in the 1982 film Gandhi, for which he subsequently won the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 55th Academy Awards. He also appeared in Schindler's List (1993), Twelfth Night (1996), Sexy Beast (2000), House of Sand and Fog (2003), Lucky Number Slevin (2006), Shutter Island (2010), Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time (2010), Hugo (2011), The Dictator (2012) and Iron Man 3 (2013). He has also voiced Snatcher in The Boxtrolls (2014), and Bagheera in the live action adaptation of Disney's The Jungle Book (2016).\nKingsley was appointed Knight Bachelor in 2002 for services to the British film industry. In 2010, he was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2013, he received the Britannia Award for Worldwide Contribution to Filmed Entertainment.", "Q69688": "Kirchlindach is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q727752": "David Soul (born David Richard Solberg, August 28, 1943) is an American-British actor and singer. He is known for his role as Detective Kenneth \"Hutch\" Hutchinson in the ABC television series Starsky & Hutch from 1975 to 1979. He became a British citizen in 2004.", "Q164424": "Judas Kiss is a 1998 American crime thriller film that starred Alan Rickman, Emma Thompson, Roscoe Lee Browne, Carla Gugino, Simon Baker-Denny, Gil Bellows, Richard Riehle, and Til Schweiger. It was directed by Sebastian Gutierrez.\nThe film premiered at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival and won the Critics Award at the 1999 Cognac Festival du Film Policier.", "Q153288": "Michele Merkin (born June 25, 1975) is an American model and television presenter.", "Q444271": "Helen Ferguson (July 23, 1901 \u2013 March 14, 1977) was an American actress later turned publicist.", "Q345446": "Ernesto Lecuona y Casado (Spanish pronunciation: [e\u027e\u02c8nesto le\u02c8kwona]; August 6, 1895 \u2013 November 29, 1963) was a Cuban composer and pianist of worldwide fame. He composed over six hundred pieces, mostly in the Cuban vein, and was a pianist of exceptional skill. His father was Canarian and his mother was Cuban.", "Q740911": "Raggamuffin music, usually abbreviated as ragga, is a subgenre of dancehall and reggae music. The instruments primarily consists of electronic music. Similar to hip hop, sampling often serves a prominent role in raggamuffin music.\nWayne Smith's \"Under Mi Sleng Teng\", produced by King Jammy in 1985 on a Casio MT-40 synthesizer, is generally recognized as the seminal ragga song. \"Sleng Teng\" boosted Jammy's popularity immensely, and other producers quickly released their own versions of the riddim, accompanied by dozens of different vocalists.\nRagga is now mainly used as a synonym for dancehall reggae or for describing dancehall with a deejay chatting rather than singjaying or singing on top of the riddim.\n\n", "Q217314": "Johnny Reid \"John\" Edwards (born June 10, 1953) is an American lawyer and former politician who served as a U.S. senator from North Carolina. He was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 2004, and was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2004 and 2008.\nEdwards defeated incumbent Republican Lauch Faircloth in North Carolina's 1998 Senate election. Towards the end of his six-year term, he opted to retire from the Senate and focus on a Democratic campaign in the 2004 presidential election. He eventually became the 2004 Democratic candidate for vice president, the running mate of presidential nominee Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts.\nFollowing Kerry's loss to incumbent President George W. Bush, Edwards began working full-time at the One America Committee, a political action committee he established in 2001, and was appointed director of the Center on Poverty, Work and Opportunity at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Law. He was also a consultant for Fortress Investment Group LLC.\nFollowing his 2008 campaign, Edwards was indicted by a federal grand jury on June 3, 2011 on six felony charges of violating multiple federal campaign contribution laws to cover up an extramarital affair to which he eventually admitted. Edwards was found not guilty on one count, and the judge declared a mistrial on the remaining five charges, as the jury was unable to come to an agreement. The Justice Department dropped the remaining charges and did not attempt to retry Edwards. Edwards was not convicted of a crime, but the revelation that he engaged in an extramarital affair and fathered a child while his wife, Elizabeth, was dying of cancer gravely damaged his public image and ended his career in politics.", "Q55171": "Pedro Almod\u00f3var Caballero (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8pe\u00f0\u027eo almo\u02c8\u00f0o\u03b2a\u027e ka\u03b2a\u02c8\u029de\u027eo]; born 25 September 1949) is a Spanish filmmaker, director, screenwriter, producer, and former actor.\nHe came to prominence as a director and screenwriter during La Movida Madrile\u00f1a, a cultural renaissance that followed after the end of Francoist Spain. His first few films characterised the sense of sexual and political freedom of the period. In 1986, he established his own film production company, El Deseo, with his younger brother Agust\u00edn Almod\u00f3var, responsible for producing all of his films since Law of Desire (1987).\nAlmod\u00f3var achieved international recognition for his black comedy-drama film Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown (1988), which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and went on to more success with the dark romantic comedy film Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down! (1990), the melodrama High Heels (1991) and the romantic drama thriller Live Flesh (1997).\nHis subsequent two films won an Academy Award each: All About My Mother (1999) received the award for Best Foreign Language Film while Talk to Her (2002) earned him the award for Best Original Screenplay. Almod\u00f3var followed this with the drama Volver (2006), the romantic thriller Broken Embraces (2009), the psychological thriller The Skin I Live In (2011) and the dramas Julieta (2016) and Pain and Glory (2019), all of which were in competition for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.\nHis films are marked by his employment of certain actors and creative personnel, complex narratives, melodrama, pop culture, popular songs, irreverent humour, strong colours, and glossy d\u00e9cor. Desire, passion, family, and identity are among Almod\u00f3var's most prevalent themes.\nAcclaimed as one of the most internationally successful Spanish filmmakers, Almod\u00f3var and his films have gained worldwide interest and developed a cult following. He has won two Academy Awards, five British Academy Film Awards, six European Film Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, nine Goya Awards and four prizes at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1997, Almod\u00f3var received the French Legion of Honour, followed by the Gold Medal of Merit in the Fine Arts by the Spanish Ministry of Culture in 1999.\nHe was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2001 and received an honorary doctoral degree in 2009 from Harvard University in addition to an honorary doctoral degree from the University of Oxford in 2016 for his contribution to the arts. In 2013, he received an honorary European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award. In January 2017 he was named as President of the Jury for the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. In 2019, he was awarded the Honorary Golden Lion at the 76th Venice International Film Festival.", "Q13124": "The Free Democratic Party (German: Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP) is a liberal and classical liberal political party in Germany. The FDP is led by Christian Lindner.\nThe FDP was founded in 1948 by members of former liberal political parties which existed in Germany before World War II, namely the German Democratic Party and the German People's Party. For most of the German Federal Republic's history, it has held the balance of power in the Bundestag. It was a junior coalition partner to the CDU/CSU (1949\u20131956, 1961\u20131966, 1982\u20131998 and 2009\u20132013) and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (1969\u20131982). In the 2013 federal election, the FDP failed to win any directly elected seats in the Bundestag and came up short of the 5 percent threshold to qualify for list representation, being left without representation in the Bundestag for the first time in its history. In the 2017 federal election, the FDP regained its representation in the Bundestag, receiving 10.6% of the vote.\nThe FDP supports human rights, civil liberties, and internationalism. The party is traditionally considered centrist or centre-right. Since the 1980s, the party has pushed economic liberalism and has aligned itself closely to the promotion of free markets and privatization. It is a member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE).", "Q245334": "Zygmunt J\u00f3zef Paw\u0142owicz (November 18, 1927 \u2013 March 18, 2010) was the Polish Auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gda\u0144sk from 1985 until 2005. He was also ordained the titular bishop of Tamallula in 1985.\nBorn in Gdansk, Pawlowicz was ordained a Catholic priest on September 20, 1952. He died on March 18, 2010, at the age of 82.", "Q458658": "Edward John Moreton Drax Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany (; 24 July 1878 \u2013 25 October 1957), was an Anglo-Irish writer and dramatist; his work, mostly in the fantasy genre, was published under the name Lord Dunsany. More than ninety books of his work were published in his lifetime, and both original work and compilations have continued to appear. Dunsany's \u0153uvre includes many hundreds of published short stories, as well as plays, novels and essays. He achieved great fame and success with his early short stories and plays, and during the 1910s was considered one of the greatest living writers of the English-speaking world; he is today best known for his 1924 fantasy novel The King of Elfland's Daughter and The Gods of Peg\u0101na, where he devised his own fictional pantheon and laid the groundwork for the Fantasy genre. He was the inventor of an asymmetric version of chess called Dunsany's Chess.\nBorn and raised in London, to the second-oldest title (created 1439) in the Irish peerage, Dunsany lived much of his life at what may be Ireland's longest-inhabited house, Dunsany Castle near Tara, worked with W. B. Yeats and Lady Gregory, received an honorary doctorate from Trinity College, Dublin, was chess and pistol-shooting champion of Ireland, and travelled and hunted extensively. He died in Dublin after an attack of appendicitis.\n\n", "Q160642": "Salisbury (locally SAWZ-b\u0259r-ee) is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England, with a population of 40,302, at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder and Bourne. The city is approximately 20 miles (32 km) from Southampton and 30 miles (48 km) from Bath.\nSalisbury is in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. Salisbury Cathedral was formerly north of the city at Old Sarum. Following the cathedral's relocation, a settlement grew up around it which received a city charter in 1227 as New Sarum, which continued to be its official name until 2009, when Salisbury City Council was established. Salisbury railway station is an interchange between the West of England Main Line and the Wessex Main Line.\nStonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Salisbury.", "Q967021": "Leonardo Del Vecchio (born 22 May 1935) is an Italian billionaire businessman, the founder and chairman of Luxottica, the world's largest producer and retailer of glasses and lenses, with 77,734 employees and over 8,000 stores. As of January 2020, Del Vecchio was estimated by Forbes to have a net worth of $25.8 billion, making him the richest man in Italy, and the 50th richest in the world.", "Q318755": "Talib Kweli Greene (; born October 3, 1975) is an American rapper, entrepreneur, and activist. Kweli earned recognition early on through his collaboration with fellow Brooklyn rapper Mos Def, when they formed the group Black Star. Kweli's musical career continued with solo success including collaborations with producers and rappers Kanye West, Just Blaze, and Pharrell Williams. His most recent solo album is titled Radio Silence, released in 2017. In 2011, Kweli founded his own record label, Javotti Media.\n\n", "Q88304": "Christa Luft (born Christa Hecht: 22 February 1938) is a German economist and politician of the SED/PDS. \nLuft joined the SED in 1958. From 18 November 1989 to 18 March 1990 she was economy minister in the Modrow government. From 1994 to 2002 she was member of the Bundestag for the PDS.\nFrom 1963 to 1971 Luft was registered as a Stasi informant under the code name IM Gisela.\n\n", "Q62905": "This article is based on a translation of the corresponding article in the German Wikipedia.\n\nWilhelm Ohnesorge (8 June 1872 \u2013 1 February 1962) was a German politician in the Third Reich who sat in the Hitler Cabinet. From 1937 to 1945, he also acted as the minister and official of the Reichspost, the German postal service, having succeeded Paul Freiherr von Eltz-R\u00fcbenach as minister. Along with his ministerial duties, Ohnesorge also significantly delved into research relating to propagation and promotion of the Nazi Party through the radio, and the development of a proposed German atomic bomb.", "Q3315619": "Min Shin Saw (Burmese: \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u102c, pronounced [m\u026a\u0301\u0274 \u0283\u026a\u0300\u0274 s\u0254\u0301]; died 1167) was heir-apparent of the Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from c. 1117 to 1151. His father King Sithu I sent the crown prince into exile to present-day Ava (Inwa) where the prince subsequently turned into a highly cultivated region. After Sithu was assassinated in 1167, Min Shin Saw returned to Pagan to claim the throne. There, he was consecrated king but later that night, was assassinated by Narathu, his younger brother and the assassin of their father.", "Q656801": "The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution that offers investment, advisory, and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in less developed countries. The IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. in the United States. It was established in 1956, as the private-sector arm of the World Bank Group, to advance economic development by investing in for-profit and commercial projects for poverty reduction and promoting development. The IFC's stated aim is to create opportunities for people to escape poverty and achieve better living standards by mobilizing financial resources for private enterprise, promoting accessible and competitive markets, supporting businesses and other private-sector entities, and creating jobs and delivering necessary services to those who are poverty stricken or otherwise vulnerable.Since 2009, the IFC has focused on a set of development goals that its projects are expected to target. Its goals are to increase sustainable agriculture opportunities, improve healthcare and education, increase access to financing for microfinance and business clients, advance infrastructure, help small businesses grow revenues, and invest in climate health.The IFC is owned and governed by its member countries but has its own executive leadership and staff that conduct its normal business operations. It is a corporation whose shareholders are member governments that provide paid-in capital and have the right to vote on its matters. Originally, it was more financially integrated with the World Bank Group, but later, the IFC was established separately and eventually became authorized to operate as a financially-autonomous entity and make independent investment decisions. It offers an array of debt and equity financing services and helps companies face their risk exposures while refraining from participating in a management capacity. The corporation also offers advice to companies on making decisions, evaluating their impact on the environment and society, and being responsible. It advises governments on building infrastructure and partnerships to further support private sector development.\nThe corporation is assessed by an independent evaluator each year. In 2011, its evaluation report recognized that its investments performed well and reduced poverty, but recommended that the corporation define poverty and expected outcomes more explicitly to better-understand its effectiveness and approach poverty reduction more strategically. The corporation's total investments in 2011 amounted to $18.66 billion. It committed $820 million to advisory services for 642 projects in 2011, and held $24.5 billion worth of liquid assets. The IFC is in good financial standing and received the highest ratings from two independent credit rating agencies in 2018.IFC comes under frequent criticism from NGOs that it is not able to track its money because of its use of financial intermediaries. For example, a report by Oxfam International and other NGOs in 2015, \"The Suffering of Others,\" found the IFC was not performing enough due diligence and managing risk in many of its investments in third-party lenders.Other criticism focuses on IFC working excessively with large companies or wealthy individuals already able to finance their investments without help from public institutions such as IFC, and such investments do not have an adequate positive development impact. An example often cited by NGOs and critical journalists is IFC granting financing to a Saudi prince for a five-star hotel in Ghana.", "Q928736": "James Oldaker (born September 5, 1951 in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States) is an American rock music, blues rock and country music drummer and percussionist. He is an exponent of the shuffle style. He is married to Mary Billings Oldaker.\nOne of the first bands that Oldaker was a member of in 1965 was called The Rogues Five. The Rogues Five saw regional success and opened for other more popular bands such as The Doors at the Tulsa Convention Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Oldaker and The Rogues Five were a regular band on KOTV\u2019s popular teen dance show \u201cDance Party.\u201d After a stint in Bob Seger's band (on the album Back in '72), Oldaker joined Eric Clapton in 1974 during the recording of 461 Ocean Boulevard. Oldaker tells an interesting story about how he first heard the song I Shot The Sheriff after it was released. Oldaker remained a member of Clapton's studio and touring bands through 1979, when the entire band was dismissed. Oldaker would return to the Clapton band in 1983, playing on Clapton's moderately successful Behind the Sun album, released in 1985, and performing with Clapton at Live Aid that same year, before leaving in 1986. Oldaker appears on the blues side of the live recording 24 Nights from 1990 and 1991. Not long after leaving Clapton's band, Oldaker briefly became a member of Kiss guitarist Ace Frehley's project, Frehley's Comet, appearing on the 1988 album Second Sighting. He is a former member of the alt.country band The Tractors.Oldaker has also recorded with musicians such as The Bellamy Brothers, Asleep at the Wheel, Peter Frampton, Stephen Stills, Leon Russell, Ace Frehley, Freddie King, and The Bee Gees.In August, 2005, Oldaker released Mad Dogs & Okies on Concord Records, a collection of tunes celebrating the music and musicians of Oklahoma, which he produced. Collaborators include Eric Clapton, Vince Gill, J. J. Cale, Willie Nelson, Ronnie Dunn, Bonnie Bramlett, and Joe and Ellen. It will be accompanied by a companion film project.Jamie is currently involved in working with the organizers and the building of the OKPOP museum in Tulsa, OK. He and his wife, Mary, are also hosts to an annual fundraiser, MOJO Fest, to raise money for the Tulsa Day Center for the Homeless, a cause they are very passionate about.", "Q1516732": "Bessan\u00e8se (Uia di Bessanese in Italian) (3,594 m), is a mountain of the Graian Alps on the France and Italy border.", "Q80758": "Lee Min-ho (Korean: \uc774\ubbfc\ud638; Hanja: \u674e\u654f\u93ac, born June 22, 1987) is a South Korean actor, singer, and model. He gained widespread fame in Korea and some parts of Asia with his role as Gu Jun-pyo in Boys Over Flowers in 2009. The role won him a Best New Actor award at the 45th Baeksang Arts Awards. His notable lead roles in television series include City Hunter (2011), The Heirs (2013) and Legend of the Blue Sea (2016). The success of Lee's television series in Asia established him as a top Hallyu star. Apart from his television career, Lee featured in the first lead role in the film Gangnam Blues (2015), followed by his first China-produced film Bounty Hunters (2016).", "Q14893": "Ettlingen is a town in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the city of Karlsruhe and approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the border with Lauterbourg, in France's Bas-Rhin department. Ettlingen is the second largest town in the district of Karlsruhe, after Bruchsal.", "Q273686": "The Descendants is a 2011 American comedy-drama film directed by Alexander Payne. The screenplay by Payne, Nat Faxon and Jim Rash is based on the 2007 novel of the same name by Kaui Hart Hemmings. The film stars George Clooney, Shailene Woodley, Amara Miller, Beau Bridges, Judy Greer, Matthew Lillard, and Robert Forster, and was released by Fox Searchlight Pictures in the United States on November 18, 2011 after being screened at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival.Tracing the journey of land baron Matt King who struggles with unexpected occurrences in his monotonous life, The Descendants won an Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay, and two Golden Globe Awards for Best Picture \u2013 Drama and Best Actor \u2013 Drama for Clooney.\n\n", "Q377392": "Martin Andreas Udbye (June 18, 1820 \u2013 January 10, 1889) was a Norwegian composer and organist.", "Q658192": "Vilnius University (Lithuanian: Vilniaus universitetas; former names exist) is the oldest university in the Baltic states, one of the oldest and most famous in Central Europe, preceded only by the universities of Prague, Krak\u00f3w, P\u00e9cs, Budapest, Bratislava and K\u00f6nigsberg. Founded in the 16th century, it was the easternmost university in the world. Today it is the largest university in Lithuania.\nThe university was founded in 1579 as the Jesuit Academy (College) of Vilnius by Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, Stephen B\u00e1thory. It was the third oldest university (after the Cracow Academy and the Albertina) in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In the aftermath of the Third Partition of Poland (1795) and the November Uprising (1830\u20131831), the university was closed down and suspended its operation until 1919. In the aftermath of World War I the university saw failed attempts to restart it by Lithuania (December 1918) and invading Soviet forces (March 1919). It finally resumed operations as Stefan Batory University in Poland (August 1919), a period followed by another Soviet occupation in 1920, and the less than two-years of the Republic of Central Lithuania, incorporated into Poland in 1922.\nFollowing the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939, the university was briefly administered by the Lithuanian authorities (from October 1939), and then after Soviet annexation of Lithuania (June 1940), punctuated by a period of German occupation after German invasion of the Soviet Union (1941\u20131944), administrated as Vilnius State University by the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1945 the Polish community of students and scholars of Stefan Batory University was transferred to Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144. After Lithuania regained its independence in 1990, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it resumed its status as one of the prominent universities in Lithuania.\nThe wide-ranging Vilnius University ensemble represents all major architectural styles that predominated in Lithuania: Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Classicism.", "Q459220": "David Nizam Baksh (born July 26, 1980), also known by his stage name Dave Brownsound, is a Canadian musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer, best known as one of the guitarists of rock band Sum 41. Starting in May 2006, Baksh took a nine-year hiatus (except for a brief return in 2008) from Sum 41, returning in 2015. During this timespan, he became a singer and guitarist in his own heavy metal/reggae project Brown Brigade. He also plays guitar for Organ Thieves, with two of his fellow Brown Brigade members and the Canadian deathpunk four-piece Black Cat Attack.", "Q3154831": "Isabel Tocino Biscarolasaga (born in Santander, Spain on 9 March 1949) is a Spanish politician.", "Q15233": "The Hinteri Egg is a mountain of the Jura, located south of Reigoldswil in the Swiss canton of Basel-Landschaft, close to the border with the canton of Solothurn.\nThe Hinteri Egg reaches a height of 1,169 metres above sea level and is the highest point of the canton of Basel-Landschaft.", "Q1413": "Nero ( NEER-oh; Latin: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 15 December 37 \u2013 9 June 68 AD) was the last Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. He was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius and became Claudius' heir and successor. Like Claudius, Nero became emperor with the consent of the Praetorian Guard. Nero's mother, Agrippina the Younger, dominated Nero's early life and decisions until he cast her off and had her killed five years into his reign.During the early years of his reign, Nero was content to be guided by his mother, his tutor Lucius Annaeus Seneca, and his Praetorian prefect Sextus Afranius Burrus. As time passed, he started to play a more active and independent role in government and foreign policy. During his reign, the redoubtable general Corbulo conducted a successful war and negotiated peace with the Parthian Empire. His general Suetonius Paulinus crushed a major revolt in Britain, led by the Iceni Queen Boudica. The Bosporan Kingdom was briefly annexed to the empire, and the First Jewish\u2013Roman War began. Nero focused much of his attention on diplomacy, trade and the cultural life of the empire, ordering theatres built and promoting athletic games. He made public appearances as an actor, poet, musician and charioteer. In the eyes of traditionalists, this undermined the dignity and authority of his person, status, and office. His extravagant, empire-wide program of public and private works was funded by a rise in taxes that was much resented by the upper classes. In contrast, his populist style of rule remained very popular among the lower classes of Rome and the provinces until his death and beyond. Various plots against his life were revealed; the ringleaders, most of them Nero's own courtiers, were executed (at least until his final demise).\nIn AD 68 Vindex, governor of the Gaulish territory Gallia Lugdunensis, rebelled. He was supported by Galba, the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis. Vindex's revolt failed in its immediate aim, but Nero fled Rome when Rome's discontented civil and military authorities chose Galba as emperor. He committed suicide on 9 June in AD 68, when he learned that he had been tried in absentia and condemned to death as a public enemy, making him the first Roman Emperor to commit suicide. His death ended the Julio-Claudian dynasty, sparking a brief period of civil wars known as the Year of the Four Emperors.\nNero's rule is usually associated with tyranny and extravagance. Most Roman sources, such as Suetonius and Cassius Dio, offer overwhelmingly negative assessments of his personality and reign; Tacitus claims that the Roman people thought him compulsive and corrupt. Suetonius tells that many Romans believed that the Great Fire of Rome was instigated by Nero to clear the way for his planned palatial complex, the Domus Aurea. According to Tacitus he was said to have seized Christians as scapegoats for the fire and burned them alive, seemingly motivated not by public justice but by personal cruelty. Some modern historians question the reliability of the ancient sources on Nero's tyrannical acts. A few sources paint Nero in a more favorable light. There is evidence of his popularity among the Roman commoners, especially in the eastern provinces of the Empire, where a popular legend arose that Nero had not died and would return. At least three leaders of short-lived, failed rebellions presented themselves as \"Nero reborn\" to enlist popular support.", "Q213614": "Savinien de Cyrano de Bergerac ( SIRR-\u0259-noh d\u0259 BUR-zh\u0259-rak, -\u2060 BAIR-, French: [savinj\u025b\u0303 d(\u0259) si\u0281ano d(\u0259) b\u025b\u0281\u0292\u0259\u0281ak]; 6 March 1619 \u2013 28 July 1655) was a French novelist, playwright, epistolarian and duelist.\nA bold and innovative author, his work was part of the libertine literature of the first half of the seventeenth century. Today he is best known as the inspiration for Edmond Rostand's most noted drama Cyrano de Bergerac, which, although it includes elements of his life, also contains invention and myth.\nSince the 1970s, there has been a resurgence in the study of Cyrano, demonstrated in the abundance of theses, essays, articles and biographies published in France and elsewhere in recent decades.", "Q351355": "Nino Oxilia (1889\u20131917) was an Italian playwright, screenwriter and film director. His 1911 play Goodbye Youth was turned into several films. He also wrote the first lyrics for the song \"Giovinezza\" in 1909. He died in combat during the First World War.", "Q607496": "The Warsaw Society of Friends of Science (Polish: Towarzystwo Przyjaci\u00f3\u0142 Nauk, TPN) was one of the earliest Polish scientific societies, active in Warsaw from 1800 to 1832.", "Q265782": "No\u00e9mie Lenoir (born 19 September 1979) is a French model and actress. She is known for her work with Gucci, L'Or\u00e9al, Next, Gap, Tommy Hilfiger, Victoria's Secret, Balmain Paris Hair Couture, and Marks and Spencer. She has been featured in a line-up of the world's most successful black models by renowned photographer Annie Leibovitz.", "Q245452": "5ive Girls is a 2006 Canadian horror film written and directed by Warren P. Sonoda and starring Ron Perlman, Jennifer Miller, and Jordan Madley.\n\n", "Q738114": "Aleksandar Hemon (born September 9, 1964) is a Bosnian-American fiction writer, essayist, and critic. His best known novels are Nowhere Man (2002) and The Lazarus Project (2008).\nHe frequently publishes in The New Yorker, and has also written for Esquire, The Paris Review, the Op-Ed page of The New York Times, and the Sarajevo magazine BH Dani.", "Q154281": "John Gelston Floyd (February 5, 1806 \u2013 October 5, 1881) was a U.S. Representative from New York, grandson of William Floyd.", "Q95355": "Walter Wreszinski (March 18, 1880, in Mogilno (now Poland) \u2013 9 April 1935) was a German Egyptologist and professor at Albertus University of K\u00f6nigsberg.", "Q355133": "James Harvey Kennedy (born May 25, 1970) is an American stand-up comedian, television producer, screenwriter, and actor. He is best known for playing Randy Meeks in the Scream franchise and playing various characters in The Jamie Kennedy Experiment on The WB.", "Q1383002": "Herbert Eugene Ives (July 21, 1882 \u2013 November 13, 1953) was a scientist and engineer who headed the development of facsimile and television systems at AT&T in the first half of the twentieth century. He is best known for the 1938 Ives\u2013Stilwell experiment, which provided direct confirmation of special relativity's time dilation, although Ives himself did not accept special relativity, and argued instead for an alternative interpretation of the experimental results.", "Q134575": "Choi Min-ho (Korean: \ucd5c\ubbfc\ud638; born December 9, 1991), better known by the mononym Minho, is a South Korean singer, actor, songwriter and rapper . He debuted as a member of South Korean boy group Shinee in May 2008 who later went on to become one of the best-selling artists in Korea. Aside from group activities as singer, he has debuted as an actor in November 2010 in a KBS2's drama special, entitled Pianist. He has since had roles in various television dramas such as SBS' sitcom, Salamander Guru and The Shadows (2012), To the Beautiful You (2012), Medical Top Team (2013), My First Time (2015) and Hwarang: The Poet Warrior Youth (2016). He made his feature film debut in 2016 with Canola.", "Q218999": "A Man for All Seasons is a 1966 British biographical drama film based on Robert Bolt's play of the same name and adapted for cinema by Bolt himself. It was released on 12 December 1966. It was directed by Fred Zinnemann, who had previously directed the films High Noon and From Here to Eternity.\nThe film and play both depict the final years of Sir Thomas More, the 16th-century Lord Chancellor of England who refused both to sign a letter asking Pope Clement VII to annul King Henry VIII of England's marriage to Catherine of Aragon and to take an Oath of Supremacy declaring Henry VIII Supreme Head of the Church of England. Paul Scofield, who had played More in the West End stage premiere, also took the role in the film, starring alongside Wendy Hiller, Robert Shaw, Orson Welles and Susannah York. Also appearing are Nigel Davenport, Leo McKern, Corin Redgrave and, in one of his earliest screen roles, John Hurt.\nA Man for All Seasons was a critical and box-office success. It won the Academy Award for Best Picture at the 39th Academy Awards, while the cast and crew won another five, including Best Director for Zinnemann and Best Actor for Scofield. It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama and the BAFTA Awards for Best Film and Best British Film.", "Q84258": "Fritjof Capra (born February 1, 1939) is an Austrian-born American physicist, systems theorist and deep ecologist. In 1995, he became a founding director of the Center for Ecoliteracy in Berkeley, California. He is on the faculty of Schumacher College.\nCapra is the author of several books, including The Tao of Physics (1975), The Turning Point (1982), Uncommon Wisdom (1988), The Web of Life (1996), The Hidden Connections (2002) and The Systems View of Life (2014).", "Q442166": "Lynne Maria Frederick (25 July 1954 \u2013 27 April 1994) was a British actress, film producer, and fashion model known for her classic English rose beauty. In a diverse and promising career, spanning ten years, she made over thirty appearances in film and television.\nFor many years she was best remembered as the last wife and widow of Peter Sellers. In recent years she has begun to establish a newfound cult following for her diverse collection of film work in Hollywood. Some of her better known performances include her roles in films such as Nicholas and Alexandra (1971), The Amazing Mr. Blunden (1972), Henry VIII and His Six Wives (1972), and Voyage of the Damned (1976).\nOther films of hers such as Vampire Circus (1971), Phase IV (1974), Four of the Apocalypse (1975), A Long Return (Largo retorno) (1975), and Schizo (1976) have all become underground hits or established a status as a cult film in their respective genres.\nShe was the first recipient of the award for Best New Coming Actress from the Evening Standard British Film Awards in 1973, for her breakout performances in Henry VIII and His Six Wives (1972) and The Amazing Mr. Blunden (1972). She is one of only eight actresses, and the youngest, to hold this title.\n\n", "Q816814": "The Kingdom of Gwynedd (Medieval Latin: Venedotia or Norwallia; Middle Welsh: Guynet) was a Roman Empire successor state that emerged in sub-Roman Britain in the 5th century during the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain.\nBased in northwest Wales, the rulers of Gwynedd repeatedly rose to dominance and were acclaimed as \"King of the Britons\" before losing their power in civil wars or invasions. The kingdom of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn\u2014the King of Wales from 1055 to 1063\u2014was shattered by a Saxon invasion in 1063 just prior to the Norman invasion of Wales, but the House of Aberffraw restored by Gruffudd ap Cynan slowly recovered and Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd was able to proclaim the Principality of Wales at the Aberdyfi gathering of Welsh princes in 1216. In 1277, the Treaty of Aberconwy granted peace between the two but would also guarantee that Welsh self-rule would end upon Llewelyn's death, and so it represented the completion of the first stage of the conquest of Wales by Edward I.Welsh tradition credited the founding of Gwynedd to the Brittonic polity of Gododdin (Old Welsh Guotodin, earlier Brittonic form Votadini) from Lothian invading the lands of the Brittonic polities of the Deceangli, Ordovices, and Gangani in the 5th century. The sons of their leader, Cunedda, were said to have possessed the land between the rivers Dee and Teifi. The true borders of the realm varied over time, but Gwynedd Proper was generally thought to comprise the cantrefs of Aberffraw, Cemais, and Cantref Rhosyr on Anglesey and Arllechwedd, Arfon, Dunoding, Dyffryn Clwyd, Ll\u0177n, Rhos, Rhufoniog, and Tegeingl at the mountainous mainland region of Snowdonia opposite.", "Q5661": "Lambert of Ardres (c. 1160 \u2013 after 1203) was a French twelfth century chronicler.\nHe was a parish priest at Ardres, and related to the Counts of Gu\u00eenes. He wrote for that family a Historia comitum Ghisnensium, between 1194 and 1198. It is mixture of history and folklore. It also contains a contemporary description of a donjon.", "Q738100": "Clara Dupont-Monod (born 7 October 1973, in Paris) is a French journalist and woman of letters.", "Q114869": "David Bloch-Blumenfeld (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05da-\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05e4\u05dc\u05d3\u200e; 1880 \u2013 27 November 1947), sometimes simply David Bloch, was one of the leaders of the Labor Zionism movement in Mandate Palestine and mayor of Tel Aviv in 1925\u201327. Moshav Dovev in northern Israel is named after him.", "Q487548": "Anatole Taubman (born 23 December 1970) is a Swiss actor, who has appeared in many films, such as a henchman in the James Bond movie Quantum of Solace, Stanislav Turgin in the film The Transporter: Refueled, and as the monk Remigius in the TV miniseries The Pillars of the Earth, but also in Swiss productions as Marmorera (2007). In 2012, he played also a bigger role in F\u00fcnf Freunde an adaptation of one of the famous books of Enid Blyton's Famous Five. He made an appearance as a Jewish prisoner in the TV miniseries Band of Brothers, as well in the Swiss-Austrian feature film Akte Gr\u00fcninger in 2013. Taubmann is the executive producer of the movie She's Funny That Way, with Jennifer Aniston and Owen Wilson. In 2017, he will appear in the Netflix German language series Dark.\n\n", "Q144086": "Galaktion Tabidze (Georgian: \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc \u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4), simply referred to as Galaktioni (Georgian: \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8) (November 17, 1892 \u2013 March 17, 1959), was a leading Georgian poet of the twentieth century whose writings profoundly influenced all subsequent generations of Georgian poets. He survived Joseph Stalin's Great Purge of the 1930s, which claimed lives of many of his fellow writers, friends and relatives, but came under heavy pressure from the Soviet authorities. Those years plunged him into depression and alcoholism. He was placed in a psychiatric hospital in Tbilisi, where he committed suicide.\n\n", "Q208546": "C\u00e9sar Antonovich Cui (Russian: \u0426\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u044e\u0438, Tsezar Antonovich Kyui; French: Cesarius Benjaminus Cui; 18 January [O.S. 6 January] 1835 \u2013 13 March 1918) was a Russian composer and music critic, member of the Belyayev circle and The Five \u2014 a group of composers combined by the idea of creating a specifically Russian type of music. As an officer of the Imperial Russian Army he rose to the rank of Engineer-General (equivalent to full General), taught fortifications in Russian military academies and wrote a number of monographs on the subject.", "Q3297168": "Masanori Hata (\u7551 \u6b63\u61b2, Hata Masanori) (born April 17, 1935) is a Japanese zoologist, essayist, and filmmaker. A popular essayist under the pen name Mutsugor\u014d, he was awarded the Kikuchi Kan Prize for his writing in 1977. He is perhaps best known in the West as the director and screenwriter of the 1986 film The Adventures of Milo and Otis.\nHata was born in Fukuoka Prefecture and graduated from the Faculty of Biology at Tokyo University in 1958, and went on to complete a master's degree in 1959. Trained as a zoologist, he worked as a documentary filmmaker producing nature films. He moved to the eastern coast of Hokkaid\u014d to establish the Mutsugor\u014d Animal Kingdom nature preserve, where he and his family live with over 300 wild and domestic animals. He is the author of over 100 books, including collections of his Mutsugor\u014d essays on nature such as Warera d\u014dbutsu mina ky\u014ddai (All of Us Animals Are Brothers and Sisters, 1967) and Mutsogor\u014d no hakubutsushi (Mutsugoro's Natural History, 1975).Over four years, Hata and associate director Kon Ichikawa shot 400,000 feet of film at the Mutsugor\u014d Animal Kingdom. The resulting film, about the adventures of an orange tabby cat and a fawn pug, was released by Toho in 1986 as Koneko Monogatari (\u5b50\u732b\u7269\u8a9e, A Kitten's Story) and was the highest-grossing film of the year in Japan, taking in about $36 million. It was shown that year at the Cannes Film Festival as The Adventures of Chatran. For US distribution by Columbia Pictures, it was cut down from 90 to 76 minutes and narration in English by Dudley Moore was added. It was released in 1989 as The Adventures of Milo and Otis.", "Q452361": "Emma Abbott (December 9, 1850 \u2013 January 5, 1891) was an American operatic soprano and impresario known for her pure, clear voice of great flexibility and volume.\n\n", "Q48134": "Leonid Aleksandrovich Govorov (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0434 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432) (22 February [O.S. 10 February] 1897 \u2013 19 March 1955) was a Soviet military commander. Trained as an artillery officer, he joined the Red Army in 1920. He graduated from several Soviet military academies, including the Military Academy of Red Army General Staff. He participated in the Winter War of 1939\u20131940 against Finland as a senior artillery officer.In World War II, Govorov rose to command an army in November 1941 during the Battle of Moscow. He commanded the Leningrad Front from April 1942 to the end of the war. He reached the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1944, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and many other awards.", "Q117": "Ghana ( (listen)), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa. Spanning a land mass of 238,535 km2 (92,099 sq mi), Ghana is bordered by the Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, Togo in the east, and the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean in the south. Ghana means \"Warrior King\" in the Soninke language.The first permanent state in the territory of present-day Ghana dates back to the 11th century. Numerous kingdoms and empires emerged over the centuries, of which the most powerful was the Kingdom of Dagbon and the Kingdom of Ashanti. Beginning in the 15th century, the Portuguese Empire, followed by numerous other European powers, contested the area for trading rights, until the British ultimately established control of the coast by the late 19th century. Following over a century of native resistance, Ghana's current borders were established by the 1900s as the British Gold Coast. It became independent of the United Kingdom on 6 March 1957.Ghana's population of approximately 30 million spans a variety of ethnic, linguistic and religious groups. According to the 2010 census, 71.2% of the population was Christian, 17.6% was Muslim, and 5.2% practised traditional faiths. Its diverse geography and ecology ranges from coastal savannahs to tropical rain forests.\nGhana is a unitary constitutional democracy led by a president who is both head of state and head of the government. Ghana's growing economic prosperity and democratic political system have made it a regional power in West Africa. It is a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Group of 24 (G24) and the Commonwealth of Nations.", "Q58327": "Muhammad Mumuni (born 28 July 1949) is a Ghanaian lawyer and politician. He was reelected to Ghana's Parliament in the 7 December 2012 General Elections, when he won the Kumbungu Seat. Mumuni left parliament in 2004 when he became John Atta Mills' vice-Presidential running mate.", "Q14715517": "The Harvard Graduate School of Education (HGSE) is one of the graduate schools of Harvard University and one of the top schools of education in the United States. It was founded in 1920, when it was the first school to establish the EdD degree. Led by Dean Bridget Terry Long, the mission of HGSE is to prepare leaders in education and to generate knowledge to improve student opportunity, achievement, and success. It seeks to accomplish this mission by operating at the nexus of practice, policy, and research.\nHGSE offers two doctoral programs: the Doctor of Philosophy in Education (PhD) and the Doctor of Education Leadership (EdLD). The PhD program replaced the EdD program, which enrolled its final cohort of students in fall 2013. HGSE also offers thirteen master's programs.\nIt is associated with the Harvard Education Publishing Group whose imprint is the Harvard Education Press and publishes the Harvard Educational Review. The Monroe C. Gutman Library is the school's primary library and one of its four main buildings.\n\n", "Q1166988": "Daryl Franklin Hohl (born October 11, 1946), better known by his stage name Daryl Hall, is an American rock, R&B, and soul singer; keyboardist, guitarist, songwriter, and producer, best known as the co-founder and principal lead vocalist of Hall & Oates (with guitarist and songwriter John Oates).\nIn the 1970s and early 1980s, Hall scored numerous Billboard chart hits and is regarded as one of the best soul singers of his generation. Guitarist Robert Fripp, who collaborated with him in the late 1970s and early 1980s, has written, \"Daryl's pipes were a wonder. I have never worked with a more able singer.\" Since late 2007, he has hosted the web television series Live from Daryl's House, which is now aired on MTV. He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2004 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014.", "Q83523": "Edward Talbot, 8th Earl of Shrewsbury, 8th Earl of Waterford (christened 25 February 1561 \u2013 8 February 1617), was the younger brother and nearest male heir of Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury, whom he succeeded as Earl of Shrewsbury and Lord High Steward of Ireland in 1616.", "Q3038041": "Douglas Robert Stinson (born 1956 in Guelph, Ontario) is a Canadian mathematician and cryptographer, currently a professor at the University of Waterloo and a member of the Centre for Applied Cryptographic Research.\nStinson received his B.Math from the University of Waterloo in 1978, his MSc from Ohio State University in 1980, and his Ph.D. from the University of Waterloo in 1981. He was at the University of Manitoba from 1981 to 1989, and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln from 1990 to 1998. In 2011 he was named Fellow to the Royal Society of Canada.Stinson is the author of over 300 research publications as well as the mathematics-based cryptography textbook Cryptography: Theory and Practice (ISBN 9781584885085).", "Q1973537": "Ilya Kaler (born June 2, 1963) is a Russian-born violinist. Born and educated in Moscow, Kaler is the only person to have won Gold Medals at all three of the International Tchaikovsky Competition (Moscow, 1986); the Sibelius (Helsinki, 1985); and the Paganini (Genoa, 1981).", "Q98665": "Juliane Lorenz (born 2 August 1957) is a German film editor best known for her work with and relationship to director Rainer Werner Fassbinder. Lorenz is the head of the Fassbinder Foundation, an organization that seeks to preserve and promote the filmmaker's legacy. She has authored or edited several books on the director's life and work, and has directed a documentary on the same subject.", "Q12548": "The Holy Roman Empire (Latin: Sacrum Imperium Romanum; German: Heiliges R\u00f6misches Reich), often unofficially referred to as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in Western and Central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. The largest territory of the empire after 962 was the Kingdom of Germany, though it also included the neighboring Kingdom of Bohemia and Kingdom of Italy, plus numerous other territories, and soon after the Kingdom of Burgundy was added. However, while by the 15th century the Empire was still in theory composed of three major blocks \u2013 Italy, Germany and Burgundy \u2013 in practice, the links between these blocks had become so unsubstantial that only the Kingdom of Germany remained, nearly all the Italian territories for instance having become in effect part of a narrowly-defined Habsburg dynastic patrimony, unconnected to the Empire. The external borders of the Empire did not change noticeably from the Peace of Westphalia \u2013 which acknowledged the exclusion of Switzerland and the Northern Netherlands, and the French protectorate over Alsace \u2013 to the dissolution of the Empire. By then, it largely contained only German-speaking territories, plus the Kingdom of Bohemia. At the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, most of the Holy Roman Empire was included in the German Confederation.\nOn 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne as Emperor, reviving the title in Western Europe, more than three centuries after the fall of the earlier ancient Western Roman Empire in 476. The title continued in the Carolingian family until 888 and from 896 to 899, after which it was contested by the rulers of Italy in a series of civil wars until the death of the last Italian claimant, Berengar I, in 924. The title was revived again in 962 when Otto I was crowned emperor, fashioning himself as the successor of Charlemagne and beginning a continuous existence of the empire for over eight centuries. Some historians refer to the coronation of Charlemagne as the origin of the empire, while others prefer the coronation of Otto I as its beginning. Scholars generally concur, however, in relating an evolution of the institutions and principles constituting the empire, describing a gradual assumption of the imperial title and role.The exact term \"Holy Roman Empire\" was not used until the 13th century, but the concept of translatio imperii, the notion that he \u2013 the sovereign ruler \u2013 held supreme power inherited from the ancient emperors of Rome, was fundamental to the prestige of the emperor. The office of Holy Roman Emperor was traditionally elective, although frequently controlled by dynasties. The mostly German prince-electors, the highest-ranking noblemen of the empire, usually elected one of their peers as \"King of the Romans\", and he would later be crowned emperor by the Pope; the tradition of papal coronations was discontinued in the 16th century.\nThe empire never achieved the extent of political unification as was formed to the west in France, evolving instead into a decentralized, limited elective monarchy composed of hundreds of sub-units: kingdoms, principalities, duchies, counties, prince-bishoprics, Free Imperial Cities, and other domains. The power of the emperor was limited, and while the various princes, lords, bishops, and cities of the empire were vassals who owed the emperor their allegiance, they also possessed an extent of privileges that gave them de facto independence within their territories. Emperor Francis II dissolved the empire on 6 August 1806 following the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine by Emperor Napoleon I the month before.", "Q369806": "Yasunori Mitsuda (\u5149\u7530 \u5eb7\u5178, Mitsuda Yasunori, born January 21, 1972) is a Japanese composer, musician, and sound producer. He is best known for his work in video games, primarily for the Chrono, Xeno, Shadow Hearts, and Inazuma Eleven franchises, among various others. Mitsuda began composing music for his own games in high school, later attending the Junior College of Music in Tokyo. As part of his college course, he was granted an intern position at the game development studio Wolf Team. Upon graduation in 1992, he joined Square after seeing a magazine advertisement in an office he was visiting with his professor.\nDespite his job title as a composer, Mitsuda worked as a sound effects designer for two years. In 1994, after threatening to quit to Square's vice president, Hironobu Sakaguchi, he was assigned to write the soundtrack to Chrono Trigger. After the game's success, he went on to compose several others for Square, including Xenogears and Chrono Cross. In 1998, Mitsuda left Square to work as a freelance composer, founding his own music production studio in 2001, Procyon Studio, as well as his own record label, Sleigh Bells. Although Mitsuda continues to compose for video games, he began to expand and produce music for other media in the 2010s, including for anime series, films, television specials, and independent albums.", "Q1738311": "Kelly Harrell (September 13, 1889 \u2013 July 9, 1942) was an American country music singer in the 1920s. He recorded more than a dozen songs for OKeh and Victor Records and wrote songs which were recorded by other artists, including Jimmie Rodgers and Ernest Stoneman, in his own lifetime.", "Q862159": "Dan Takuma (\u5718 \u7422\u78e8, September 7, 1858 \u2013 March 5, 1932) was a Japanese businessman who was Director-General of Mitsui, one of the leading Japanese zaibatsu (family conglomerates). He was a graduate of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was married to the younger sister of statesman Kaneko Kentar\u014d.\nDuring the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War, there were some U.S. financiers who wished to profit by lending money to Russia so she could continue her war efforts against Japan. In contrast and in support of ending this war, Frank A. Vanderlip, Jacob Schiff and other U.S. financiers supported President Theodore Roosevelt's successful role as peacemaker between Russia and Japan. Their action was greatly appreciated by many of the leaders of Japan. The early decades of the 1900s were often challenging in terms of U.S. Japan relations. Frank A. Vanderlip and his American and Japanese allies strove to encourage increased business and trade between their nations, which could also enhance the mutual respect and understanding between the U.S. and Japan. The 1908 photo illustration to the right is linked to Frank A. Vanderlip during his U.S. business delegation\u2019s visit to Japan, where they were greeted by Baron Shibusawa Eiichi, Prince Tokugawa Iesato (aka Prince Iyesato Tokugawa), and Baron Dan Takuma and other Japanese representatives. These fine statesman often allied together to promote peace and international commerce.During following year in 1909, in reciprocation for Frank A. Vanderlip\u2019s 1908 business delegation\u2019s visit to Japan, Baron Shibusawa accompanied by his approximately sixty member Japanese business/goodwill delegation toured the United States. During their U.S. visit, the Japanese were greeted by the Vanderlip family and top representatives of American Industry, such as General Electric and Westinghouse. As president of the Japan Society of Manhattan, Frank A. Vanderlip strove to maintain political goodwill and better understanding between the U.S. and Japan.\nTakuma Dan continued the cultivation of closer relations between Japan and the Western powers. In 1921, he also led a Japanese Businessmen's Mission, in which a group of Japanese business leaders visited the United States, Great Britain, and France to discuss bilateral economic issues and to promote personal ties with businesspeople of those countries.\nFor heroically standing in the way of Japanese militants who would take Japan down the road to war, on March 5, 1932, Dan was assassinated by right-wing nationalist Gor\u014d Hishinuma as part of the League of Blood Incident.\nDan's son was embryologist Dan Katsuma, and his grandson was operatic composer Dan Ikuma.", "Q179461": "Religious texts are texts related to a religious tradition. They differ from literary texts by being a compilation or discussion of beliefs, mythologies, ritual practices, commandments or laws, ethical conduct, spiritual aspirations, and for creating or fostering a religious community. The relative authority of religious texts develops over time and is derived from the ratification, enforcement, and its use across generations. Some religious texts are accepted or categorized as canonical, some non-canonical, and others extracanonical, semi-canonical, deutero-canonical, pre-canonical or post-canonical.A scripture is a subset of religious texts considered to be \"especially authoritative\", revered and \"holy writ\", \"sacred, canonical\", or of \"supreme authority, special status\" to a religious community. The terms 'sacred text' and 'religious text' are not necessarily interchangeable in that some religious texts are believed to be sacred because of the belief in some theistic religions such as the Abrahamic religions that the text is divinely or supernaturally revealed or divinely inspired, or in non-theistic religions such as some Indian religions they are considered to be the central tenets of their eternal Dharma. Many religious texts, in contrast, are simply narratives or discussions pertaining to the general themes, interpretations, practices, or important figures of the specific religion. In some religions (Islam), the scripture of supreme authority is well established (Quran). In others (Christianity), the canonical texts include a particular text (Bible) but is \"an unsettled question\", according to Eugene Nida. In yet others (Hinduism, Buddhism), there \"has never been a definitive canon\". While the term Scripture is derived from the Latin scriptura, meaning \"writing\", most sacred scriptures of the world's major religions were originally a part of their oral tradition, and were \"passed down through memorization from generation to generation until they were finally committed to writing\", according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica.Religious texts also serve a ceremonial and liturgical role, particularly in relation to sacred time, the liturgical year, the divine efficacy and subsequent holy service; in a more general sense, its performance.", "Q400341": "Mikheil Gelovani (Georgian: \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d8\u10da \u10d2\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, Russified as \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0438, Mikhail Georgievich Gelovani; January 6 [O.S. December 25, 1892] 1893 \u2013 December 21, 1956) was a Georgian-Soviet actor, known for his numerous portrayals of Joseph Stalin in cinema, starring in fifteen historic movies mostly about the early Soviet era.", "Q90239": "Bill Lawrence (born Willi Lorenz Stich; March 24, 1931 \u2013 November 2, 2013) was a pickup and guitar designer He was born in Wahn, Cologne, Germany and began his musical career in the 1950s as a jazz guitarist, performing under the name Billy Lorento. He died in Southern California, United States.As a musician, Lawrence created pickups that he felt best suited his needs and performance style, and went on to work with Framus and became an endorser, including such models as the \"Billy Lorento\" 5/120. He was also an endorser for Fender in Europe.\nMoving to the United States, Lawrence designed pickups and assisted in electric guitar design for Fender, Gibson, Peavey and other companies. While at Gibson from 1968-1972, Lawrence helped design the \"super-humbucker\" pickup and the L6-S. He helped redesign the electronics of the SG and contributed significantly to the S-1 and Marauder.", "Q15227": "The Wildspitz is the highest summit of the Rossberg, a mountain of the Schwyzer Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Zug and Schwyz. Reaching a height of 1,580 metres above sea level, it is the highest summit in the canton of Zug.\nThe Wildspitz is surrounded by three lakes: Lake Zug, Lake Lauerz and Lake \u00c4geri.", "Q91127": "Friedrich Schorlemmer (born 16 May 1944, Wittenberge, Germany) is a German Protestant theologian. He was a prominent member of the civil rights movement in the German Democratic Republic and has continued to take part in politics after German reunification in 1990.", "Q3386717": "Pierre P\u00e9ladeau, (April 11, 1925 \u2013 December 24, 1997) was a French-Canadian businessman. He was the founder of Quebecor Inc., a Canadian media company centered in the province of Quebec\nHe was the father of billionaire Pierre Karl P\u00e9ladeau, former Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois leader.", "Q242329": "Shonda Lynn Rhimes (born January 13, 1970) is an American television producer, television and film writer, and author. She is best known as the showrunner\u2014creator, head writer, and executive producer\u2014of the television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, its spin-off Private Practice, and the political thriller series Scandal. Rhimes has also served as the executive producer of the ABC television series Off the Map, How to Get Away with Murder, and The Catch.In 2007, Rhimes was named one of TIME magazine's 100 People Who Help Shape the World. In 2015, she published her first book, a memoir, Year of Yes: How to Dance It Out, Stand in the Sun, and Be Your Own Person. In 2017, Netflix said that it had entered into a multi-year development deal with Rhimes, by which all of her future productions will be Netflix Original series. Netflix had already purchased the streaming rights to back episodes of Grey's Anatomy and Scandal.", "Q1407": "Tiberius ( ty-BEER-ee-\u0259s; Latin: Tiberius Caesar Divi Augusti filius Augustus; 16 November 42 BC \u2013 16 March 37 AD) was the second Roman emperor, reigning from AD 14 to AD 37. He succeeded his stepfather, Augustus.\nBorn to Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla in a Claudian family, he was given the personal name Tiberius Claudius Nero. His mother divorced Nero and married Octavian\u2014later to ascend to Emperor as Augustus\u2014who officially became his stepfather. Tiberius would later marry Augustus' daughter (from his marriage to Scribonia), Julia the Elder, and even later be adopted by Augustus. Through the adoption, he officially became a Julian, assuming the name Tiberius Julius Caesar. The emperors after Tiberius would continue this blended dynasty of both families for the following thirty years; historians have named it the Julio-Claudian dynasty. His relationship to the other emperors of this dynasty was as follows: he was the stepson of Augustus, grand-uncle of Caligula, paternal uncle of Claudius, and great-grand uncle of Nero. Tiberius' 22-and-a-half-year reign would be the longest after that of Augustus until that of Emperor Antoninus Pius, who surpassed his reign by a few months.\nTiberius was one of the greatest Roman generals; his conquest of Pannonia, Dalmatia, Raetia, and (temporarily) parts of Germania laid the foundations for the northern frontier. Even so, he came to be remembered as a dark, reclusive and sombre ruler who never really desired to be emperor; Pliny the Elder called him \"the gloomiest of men\". After the death of his son Drusus Julius Caesar in AD 23, Tiberius became more reclusive and aloof. In 26 AD he removed himself from Rome and left administration largely in the hands of his unscrupulous Praetorian prefects Lucius Aelius Sejanus and Quintus Naevius Sutorius Macro. When Tiberius died, he was succeeded by his grand-nephew and adopted grandson, Caligula.", "Q896966": "Bradford Parkinson (February 16, 1935) is an American engineer and inventor, retired United States Air Force Colonel and recalled emeritus Professor at Stanford University. He is best known as the lead architect, advocate and developer, with early contributions from Ivan Getting and Roger Easton, of the Air Force NAVSTAR program, better known as Global Positioning System.He was also the principal investigator and program manager on Gravity Probe B, which tested gravitomagnetism and was the first ever direct mechanical test of Einstein\u2019s General Relativity.He has received numerous awards and honors for GPS and contributions to engineering and invention, including the Charles Stark Draper Prize, National Inventors Hall of Fame, and IEEE Medal of Honor, among others.. In 2019, Bradford Parkinson shared the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering with three other GPS pioneers (James Spilker, Hugo Freuhauf, and Richard Schwartz).", "Q265796": "Karin Micha\u00eblis (born 20 March 1872 in Randers as Katharina Bech-Br\u00f8ndum; died 11 January 1950 in Copenhagen) was a Danish journalist and author.", "Q502224": "Andrey Konstantinovich Lugovoy (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0439; born 19 September 1966), also spelled Lugovoi, is a Russian politician and businessman and deputy of the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament, for the LDPR. He worked as a KGB bodyguard and as head of \"Ninth Wave\", a security firm. He is wanted by British police on suspicion of the murder of Alexander Litvinenko, a former KGB and later FSB officer. Russia has rejected the request for his extradition.", "Q203413": "Alfredo Zitarrosa (March 10, 1936 \u2013 January 17, 1989) was a Uruguayan singer-songwriter, poet and journalist. He specialized in Uruguayan and Argentinean folk genres such as zamba and milonga, and he became a chief figure in the nueva canci\u00f3n movement in his country. A staunch supporter of Communist ideals, he lived in exile between 1976 and 1984. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential singer-songwriters of Latin America.", "Q3530826": "Thomas Elroy Oberheim (Born July 7, 1936, Manhattan, Kansas), known as Tom Oberheim, is an American audio engineer and electronics engineer best known for designing effects processors, analog synthesizers, sequencers, and drum machines. He has been the founder of four audio electronics companies, most notably Oberheim Electronics. He was also a key figure in the development and adoption of the MIDI standard. He is also a trained Physicist.", "Q118935": "Jakob Frey (13 May 1824 \u2012 30 December 1875) was a Swiss writer of short stories about peasant life. He used the pseudonyms J. Reif, F. Kuhn, F. Imhoof, and J. A.", "Q7712662": "The Adventures of Superpup, a 1958 unaired pilot, was meant to capitalize on the success of Adventures of Superman. Superpup featured the first television portrayal of the Superman characters as non-humans.", "Q45376": "The All-Ukrainian Union \"Fatherland\" (Ukrainian: \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u0431'\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u00ab\u0411\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb, romanized: Vseukrayins'ke Obyednannia \"Bat'kivshchyna\"), often referred to as Batkivshchyna (Ukrainian: [\u02ccb\u0251t\u02b2kiu\u032f\u02c8\u0283t\u0283\u026an\u0250] (listen)) even in English, is a Ukrainian political party led by Yulia Tymoshenko.As the core party of the former Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc, Batkivshchyna has been represented in the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) since Yulia Tymoshenko set up the parliamentary faction of the same name in March 1999. After the November 2011 banning of the participation of blocs of political parties in parliamentary elections, Batkivshchyna became a major force in Ukrainian politics independently.In the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election Batkivshchyna took part under the banner \"United opposition Batkivshchyna\" and other parties allied with Batkivshchyna. The party list was headed by the leader of the \"Front of Changes\" Arseniy Yatsenyuk. The list won 62 seats and 25.55 percent of the vote under the (nationwide) proportional party-list system (down from 30.71 percent in 2007 for the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc), and another 39 in constituencies, thus a total of 101 seats. On 15 June 2013 the parties \"Front of Changes\" and \"Reforms and Order\" finally merged with the All-Ukrainian Union Batkivshchyna by self-liquidation. By 31 December 2013 the parliamentary faction Batkivshchyna had 90 deputies.Yulia Tymoshenko was imprisoned from 5 August 2011 until 22 February 2014. After the 2014 revolution she was rehabilitated by the Supreme Court of Ukraine and the European Court of Human Rights in the absence of crime structure.Tymoshenko started reforming the party and Batkivshchyna went into the parliamentary elections of 2014 with new members, the top five of the list included: Nadiya Savchenko, Yulia Tymoshenko, Ihor Lutsenko, Serhiy Sobolev, and Alyona Shkrum. Based on the election results, the party received 19 seats in the Ukrainian parliament: 17 according to party lists and two through the majority system. Until 17 February 2016 the party was a member of the Second Yatsenyuk Government, but it later moved into opposition.In the snap parliamentary election of 2019 Batkivschyna received 8.18% of the votes and 26 MPs (two elected in constituencies). After a brief support of the Honcharuk Government, the party went into opposition.", "Q167139": "Haji Abdul Qadeer (Pashto: \u062d\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u200e; c.\u20091951 \u2013 July 6, 2002) was a Pashtun leader in Afghanistan. Qadeer was a prominent member of the Northern Alliance and opposed the Taliban. He served as the head of Eastern Afghanistan Shura and later Vice President of Afghanistan and Minister of Public Works in the administration of Hamid Karzai from 19 June 2002 until his assassination on 6 July 2002.\nQadeer belonged to the influential Pashtun Arsala family from Nangarhar province of Afghanistan. His brother was the anti-Soviet and Northern Alliance leader Abdul Haq, who was executed in late 2001 by the Taliban. From 1992 to 1996, before the Taliban gained power, Abdul Qadeer was the governor of Nangahar province.", "Q1361": "Hyderabad ( (listen) HY-d\u0259r-\u0259-baad) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh. Occupying 625 square kilometres (241 sq mi) along the banks of the Musi River, located on the Deccan Plateau in the northern part of South India. At an average altitude of 542 metres (1,778 ft), much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including Hussain Sagar lake\u2014predating the city's founding\u2014north of the city centre. Hyderabad City has a population of about 6.9 million, with about 9.7 million in Hyderabad Metropolitan Region, making it the fourth-most populous city and sixth-most populous urban agglomeration in India. With an output of US$74 billion, Hyderabad is the fifth-largest contributor to India's overall gross domestic product.\nIn 1591 Qutb Shahi ruler Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah established Hyderabad to extend the capital beyond the fortified Golconda. In 1687 the city was annexed by the Mughals. In 1724 Mughal governor Nizam Asaf Jah I declared his sovereignty and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty, also known as the Nizams. Hyderabad served as the imperial capital of the Asaf Jahi from 1769 to 1948. As capital of the princely state of Hyderabad, the city housed the British Residency and cantonment until Indian independence in 1947. Hyderabad was invaded and integrated into the Indian Union in 1948 and continues as a capital of Hyderabad State (1948\u201356), and when the States Reorganisation Act of 1956 was introduced Hyderabad was made the capital of the united Andhra Pradesh. In 2014 Telangana state was formed after the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad City became a joint capital of the two states, a transitional arrangement scheduled to end in 2025. Since 1956, the city has housed the winter office of the President of India.\nRelics of the Qutb Shahi and Nizam rules remain visible today; the Charminar has come to symbolise the city. By the end of early modern era, the Mughal Empire declined in the Deccan and the Nizams' patronage had attracted men of letters from different parts of the world. The amalgamation of local and migrated artisans had originated a distinctive culture, and the city emerged as the foremost centre of oriental culture. Painting, handicraft, jewellery, literature, dialect and clothing are prominent still today. Through its cuisine, the city is listed as a UNESCO creative city of gastronomy. The Telugu film industry based in the city is the country's second-largest producer of motion pictures.\n\nUntil the 19th century Hyderabad was known for the pearl industry and was nicknamed the \"City of Pearls\", and was the only Golconda Diamonds trading centre in the world. Many of the city's historical and traditional bazaars remain open. Hyderabad's central location between the Deccan Plateau and the Western Ghats, and industrialisation throughout the 20th century attracted major Indian research, manufacturing, educational and financial institutions. Since the 1990s, the city has emerged as an Indian hub of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. The formation of special economic zones and HITEC City dedicated to information technology has encouraged leading multinationals to set up operations in Hyderabad.", "Q554704": "Florentin Crih\u0103lmeanu (born September 17, 1959) is a Romanian bishop of the Greek-Catholic Church. Born in Ia\u015fi to a Greek-Catholic father and a Roman Catholic mother, he graduated from high school in Cluj-Napoca in 1978. He performed his military service in Turda in 1978-79. In 1984, he graduated from the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, working as an engineer until 1990 first in Bistri\u0163a and then in Cluj-Napoca. He began private theological lessons in 1986 and was ordained priest in September 1990, following the collapse of the communist regime and legalization of the church. Sent to Rome to deepen his studies, he took degrees in Theology in 1992 and 1994 from the Pontifical Urbaniana University. Upon returning to Romania, he taught courses at the seminary in Cluj-Napoca and at Babe\u015f-Bolyai University. He was named auxiliary bishop of the Cluj-Gherla Diocese in November 1996, with his consecration taking place the following January, performed by Pope John Paul II in St. Peter's Basilica. In 2002, he became Bishop of Cluj-Gherla, succeeding George Gu\u0163iu.", "Q281404": "Kevin McCarthy (February 15, 1914 \u2013 September 11, 2010) was an American actor who gave over 200 television and film performances. He is best remembered for portraying the male lead in the horror science fiction film Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956).Following several television guest roles,Kevin McCarthy gave his first credited film performance in Death of a Salesman (1951), portraying Biff Loman to Fredric March's Willy Loman. The role earned him a Golden Globe Award and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.\n\n", "Q62911": "Kurt Paul Schmitt (7 October 1886 in Heidelberg \u2013 2 November 1950 in Heidelberg) was a German economic leader and the Reich Economy Minister.", "Q205704": "Apollodorus of Athens (Greek: \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2, Apollod\u014dros ho Ath\u0113naios; c. 180 BC \u2013 after 120 BC) son of Asclepiades, was a Greek scholar, historian and grammarian. He was a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon, Panaetius the Stoic, and the grammarian Aristarchus of Samothrace, under whom he appears to have studied together with his contemporary Dionysius Thrax. He left (perhaps fled) Alexandria around 146 BC, most likely for Pergamon, and eventually settled in Athens.", "Q212278": "The Kingdom of Holland (Dutch: Koningrijk Holland, French: Royaume de Hollande) was set up by Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte as a puppet kingdom for his third brother, Louis Bonaparte, in order to better control the Netherlands. The name of the leading province, Holland, was now taken for the whole country. In 1807, East Frisia and Jever were added to the kingdom.\nIn 1809, after the Walcheren Campaign, Holland had to surrender all territories south of the river Rhine to France. Also in 1809, Dutch forces fighting on the French side participated in defeating the anti-Bonapartist German rebellion led by Ferdinand von Schill, at the battle of Stralsund.\nKing Louis did not perform to Napoleon's expectations\u2014he tried to serve Dutch interests instead of his brother's\u2014and the kingdom was dissolved in 1810, after which the Netherlands were annexed by France until 1813. Holland covered the area of the present-day Netherlands, with the exception of Limburg, and parts of Zeeland, which were French territory, and with the addition of East Frisia. It was the first formal monarchy in the Netherlands since 1581.", "Q649935": "Gordon Terry (October 7, 1931 \u2013 April 9, 2006) was an American bluegrass and country music fiddler and guitarist. He was a member of Merle Haggard's backing band The Strangers. He was inducted into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame and the Fiddlers Hall of Fame.", "Q971657": "Jeff Mangum (, born October 24, 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist, best known for his work as the lyricist, vocalist and guitarist of the band Neutral Milk Hotel, as well as being one of the cofounders of The Elephant 6 Recording Company. He is best known for his complex, lyrically dense songwriting, apparent on the critically lauded album In the Aeroplane Over the Sea.", "Q97230": "Ernst Mecklenburg (born 3 June 1927) is a former East German politician who served as Chairman of the Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany (DFD).", "Q224912": "Christopher Nolan (6 September 1965 \u2013 20 February 2009) was an Irish poet and author. He was born in Mullingar, Ireland, but later moved to Dublin. He was educated at the Central Remedial Clinic School, Mount Temple Comprehensive School and at Trinity College, Dublin. His first book was published when he was fifteen. He won the Whitbread Book Award for his autobiography in 1987. He was also awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Letters in the UK, the medal of excellence from the United Nations Society of Writers, and a Person of the Year award in Ireland.", "Q611586": "William J. Monahan (born November 3, 1960) is an American screenwriter and novelist. His second produced screenplay was The Departed, a film that earned him a Writers Guild of America Award and Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.", "Q951587": "Never Let Me Go is a 2005 dystopian science fiction novel by British author Kazuo Ishiguro. It was shortlisted for the 2005 Booker Prize (an award Ishiguro had previously won in 1989 for The Remains of the Day), for the 2006 Arthur C. Clarke Award and for the 2005 National Book Critics Circle Award. Time magazine named it the best novel of 2005 and included the novel in its \"100 Best English-language novels published since 1923\u2014the beginning of TIME\". It also received an ALA Alex Award in 2006. A film adaptation directed by Mark Romanek was released in 2010; a Japanese television drama aired in 2016.", "Q14887": "Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz is the capital of the Neumarkt district in the administrative region of the Upper Palatinate, in Bavaria, Germany. With a population of about 40,000, Neumarkt is the seat of various projects, and acts as the economic and cultural center of the western Upper Palatinate, along with N\u00fcrnberg, Ingolstadt, and Regensburg.", "Q201562": "Hayley Nichole Williams (born December 27, 1988) is an American singer-songwriter who is best known as the lead vocalist, primary songwriter, and keyboardist of the rock band Paramore. \nBorn and raised in Mississippi, Williams moved to Tennessee at the age of 13 just after her parents divorced in 2002. In 2004, she formed Paramore alongside Josh Farro, Zac Farro, and Jeremy Davis. The band currently consists of Hayley Williams, Zac Farro and Taylor York. The band has released five studio albums: All We Know Is Falling (2005), Riot! (2007), Brand New Eyes (2009), Paramore (2013), and After Laughter (2017).\nAside from Paramore and preceding her solo career, Williams recorded the song \"Teenagers\" for the soundtrack of Jennifer's Body (2009) and has collaborated with artists such as October Fall, The Chariot, Set Your Goals, Zedd and New Found Glory. In 2010, she was featured on the single \"Airplanes\" by B.o.B. It peaked at number two on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. A sequel to the song, \"Airplanes, Part II\", features new verses from B.o.B. and a verse from Eminem, while Williams' vocals remain the same. This collaboration led to a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. \nWilliams released her debut solo single \"Simmer\" on January 22, 2020, and announced on the same day that her debut studio album, Petals for Armor, would be released on May 8, 2020. An EP preceding the album, Petals for Armor I, was released on February 6.Other ventures in which Williams has explored include online beauty and music series Kiss-Off on Popular TV launched in 2015 and the hair-dye company Good Dye Young, launched in 2016.", "Q162041": "Suzanne Gabriello (born Suzanne Yvonne Henriette Marie Galopet; 24 January 1932 \u2013 died 9 August 1992) was a French singer and actress.", "Q57772": "J\u00f3hanna Sigur\u00f0ard\u00f3ttir (Icelandic pronunciation: \u200b[\u02c8jou\u02d0hana \u02c8s\u026a\u02d0\u0263\u028fr\u00f0ar\u02cctou\u02b0t\u026ar\u0325]; born 4 October 1942) is an Icelandic politician and the former Prime Minister of Iceland. She became active in the trade union movement, serving as an officer.\nElected an MP from 1978 to 2013, she was appointed as Iceland's Minister of Social Affairs and Social Security, serving from 1987 to 1994, and from 2007 until 2009. In 1994, when she lost a bid to head the Social Democratic Party, she raised her fist and declared \"Minn t\u00edmi mun koma!\" (\"My time will come!\"), a phrase that became a popular Icelandic expression.She became Prime Minister on 1 February 2009, Iceland's first female Prime Minister and the world's first openly LGBT head of government. Forbes listed her among the 100 most powerful women in the world.She has been a member of the Althing (Iceland's parliament) for Reykjav\u00edk constituencies since 1978, winning re-election on eight successive occasions. In September 2012, J\u00f3hanna announced she would not seek re-election and retired from politics as Iceland's longest serving member of Parliament.\n\n", "Q78791": "Egon Erwin Kisch (29 April 1885 \u2013 31 March 1948) was an Austrian and Czechoslovak writer and journalist, who wrote in German. He styled himself Der Rasende Reporter (The Raging Reporter) for his countless travels to the far corners of the globe and his equally numerous articles produced in a relatively short time (Hetzjagd durch die Zeit, 1925), Kisch was noted for his development of literary reportage and his opposition to Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime.", "Q269812": "Christina Nilsson, Countess de Casa Miranda, (20 August 1843 \u2013 20 November 1921) was a Swedish operatic soprano. She possessed a bel canto technique and was considered a rival to the Victorian era's most famous diva, Adelina Patti. Nilsson became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in 1869.", "Q30931": "Die Another Day is a 2002 spy film and the twentieth film in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions. It was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli, and directed by Lee Tamahori. It is the fourth and final film to star Pierce Brosnan as MI6 agent James Bond; Halle Berry co-stars as NSA agent Jinx Johnson, the Bond girl. The plot follows Bond as he attempts to locate a mole in British intelligence who betrayed him to North Korea and a British billionaire who is later revealed to be seemingly connected to a North Korean operative that he fought against in North Korea. \nThe film marked the James Bond franchise's 40th anniversary. Die Another Day includes references to each of the preceding films. The film received mixed reviews; some critics praised Tamahori's direction, but many disliked its over-reliance on CGI, product placement and unoriginal plot, as well as the villain. Many consider it one of the weakest entries in the franchise. Nevertheless, Die Another Day was the highest-grossing James Bond film up to that time unadjusted for inflation.", "Q16048": "Crailsheim is a town in the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. Incorporated in 1338, it lies 32 kilometres (20 miles) east of Schw\u00e4bisch Hall and 40 km (25 mi) southwest of Ansbach in the Schw\u00e4bisch Hall district. The city's main attractions include two Evangelical churches, a Catholic church, and the 67 metre tower of its town hall.", "Q1349079": "Otis Spann (March 21, 1924 or 1930 \u2013 April 24, 1970) was an American blues musician, whom many consider to be the leading postwar Chicago blues pianist.", "Q47561": "Ivo Andri\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0418\u0432\u043e \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u045b, pronounced [\u01d0\u02d0\u028bo \u01ce\u02d0ndrit\u0255]; born Ivan Andri\u0107; 9 October 1892 \u2013 13 March 1975) was a Yugoslav novelist, poet and short story writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1961. His writings dealt mainly with life in his native Bosnia under Ottoman rule. \nBorn in Travnik in the Austrian Empire, modern-day Bosnia, Andri\u0107 attended high school in Sarajevo, where he became an active member of several South Slav national youth organizations. Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June 1914, Andri\u0107 was arrested and imprisoned by the Austro-Hungarian police, who suspected his involvement in the plot. As the authorities were unable to build a strong case against him, he spent much of the war under house arrest, only being released following a general amnesty for such cases in July 1917. After the war, he studied South Slavic history and literature at universities in Zagreb and Graz, eventually attaining his Ph.D in Graz in 1924. He worked in the diplomatic service of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1920 to 1923 and again from 1924 to 1941. In 1939, he became Yugoslavia's ambassador to Germany, but his tenure ended in April 1941 with the German-led invasion of his country. Shortly after the invasion, Andri\u0107 returned to German-occupied Belgrade. He lived quietly in a friend's apartment for the duration of World War II, in conditions likened by some biographers to house arrest, and wrote some of his most important works, including Na Drini \u0107uprija (The Bridge on the Drina).\nFollowing the war, Andri\u0107 was named to a number of ceremonial posts in Yugoslavia, which had since come under communist rule. In 1961, the Nobel Committee awarded him the Nobel Prize in Literature, selecting him over writers such as J. R. R. Tolkien, Robert Frost, John Steinbeck and E. M. Forster. The Committee cited \"the epic force with which he ... traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from his country's history\". Afterwards, Andri\u0107's works found an international audience and were translated into a number of languages. In subsequent years, he received a number of awards in his native country. Andri\u0107's health declined substantially in late 1974 and he died in Belgrade the following March.\nIn the years following Andri\u0107's death, the Belgrade apartment where he spent much of World War II was converted into a museum and a nearby street corner was named in his honour. A number of other cities in the former Yugoslavia also have streets bearing his name. In 2012, filmmaker Emir Kusturica began construction of an ethno-town in eastern Bosnia that is named after Andri\u0107. As Yugoslavia's only Nobel Prize-winning writer, Andri\u0107 was well known and respected in his native country during his lifetime. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, beginning in the 1950s and continuing past the breakup of Yugoslavia, his works have been disparaged by Bosniak literary critics for their supposed anti-Muslim bias. In Croatia, his works were long shunned for nationalist reasons, and even briefly blacklisted following Yugoslavia's dissolution, but were rehabilitated by the literary community at the start of the 21st century. He is highly regarded in Serbia for his contributions to Serbian literature.", "Q122465": "Yoshihide Suga (\u83c5 \u7fa9\u5049, Suga Yoshihide, born 6 December 1948) is a Japanese politician currently serving as Chief Cabinet Secretary. He previously served as Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications in the cabinet of Shinz\u014d Abe until August 2007.\n\nHe was born in Ogachi (now Yuzawa), Akita Prefecture and obtained an LL.B. from Hosei University in Tokyo. He served as a secretary to Diet member Hikosabur\u014d Okonogi for eleven years, then as secretary to the Minister of International Trade and Industry in 1984 and later as a member of the Yokohama city council.\nSuga was elected to the Diet of Japan in 1996. Originally a member of the Obuchi faction, he left the faction after refusing to support Obuchi in the 1998 party elections. He also refused to participate in the no confidence motion against Yoshir\u014d Mori in 2000 and better relations with China and Korea as leader.Affiliated to the openly negationist organisation Nippon Kaigi, Suga has formed a team to reexamine the \"background\" of the Kono Statement of 1993.Suga has been supportive of aggressive measures by the Bank of Japan to counter deflation.Suga announced the name of the new imperial era, Reiwa, on April 1st, 2019.\n\n", "Q3110901": "Gordon Peter Getty (born December 20, 1933) is an American businessman, investor, philanthropist and classical music composer, the fourth child of oil tycoon J. Paul Getty. His mother, Ann Rork, was his father's fourth wife. When his father died in 1976, Gordon assumed control of Getty's US$2 billion trust. His net worth was $2.1 billion in May 2019, making him number 383 on the Forbes 400 list of the wealthiest Americans.", "Q207113": "Hippolytus (c. 170\u2013235 AD) was one of the most important second-third century Christian theologians, whose provenance, identity and corpus remain elusive to scholars and historians. Suggested communities include Palestine, Egypt, Anatolia, Rome and regions of the mideast. The best historians of literature in the ancient church, including Eusebius of Caesarea and Jerome, openly confess they cannot name where Hippolytus the biblical commentator and theologian served in leadership. They had read his works but did not possess evidence of his community. Photios I of Constantinople describes him in his Bibliotheca (cod. 121) as a disciple of Irenaeus, who was said to be a disciple of Polycarp, and from the context of this passage it is supposed that he suggested that Hippolytus so styled himself. This assertion is doubtful. One older theory asserts he came into conflict with the popes of his time and seems to have headed a schismatic group as a rival to the Bishop of Rome, thus becoming an Antipope. In this view, he opposed the Roman Popes who softened the penitential system to accommodate the large number of new pagan converts. However, he was reconciled to the Church before he died as a martyr.Starting in the fourth century, various legends arose about him, identifying him as a priest of the Novatianist schism or as a soldier converted by Saint Lawrence. He has also been confused with another martyr of the same name. Pope Pius IV identifies him as \"Saint Hippolytus, Bishop of Pontus\" who was martyred in the reign of Severus Alexander through his inscription on a statue found at the Church of Saint Lawrence in Rome and kept at the Vatican as photographed and published in Bunsen.", "Q1062522": "Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd (c. 1147 \u2013 1195) was prince of part of Gwynedd, one of the kingdoms of medieval Wales. He ruled from 1175 to 1195.\nOn the death of Owain Gwynedd in 1170, fighting broke out among his nineteen sons over the division of his kingdom. Rhodri and his brother Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd, Owain's legitimate sons by his wife Cristina, defeated and killed their half brother Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd at Pentraeth that year. The other sons were largely killed or exiled between 1170 and 1174. Rhodri acquired part of Gwynedd, but soon afterwards came under pressure from his brother Dafydd who captured and imprisoned him.\nIn 1175, Rhodri escaped from captivity and was able to gain enough support to drive Dafydd out of the part of Gwynedd situated west of the River Conwy. Dafydd and Rhodri then agreed to the partition of Gwynedd between them, with Dafydd retaining only Gwynedd east of the Conwy and the island of Anglesey. Rhodri and his family are mentioned in Descriptio Cambriae by Gerald of Wales which was written in c.1188 and recounts his journey around Wales raising support for the Third Crusade. In this work Gerald appears to suggest that Rhodri had made his royal home on the island \u2013 probably at Aberffraw \u2013 and gives some illuminating details about Rhodri and his young family:\n\n\"Many chosen youths of the family of Roderic (Rhodri) were seated on an opposite rock, and not one of them could be prevailed upon to take the cross, although the archbishop and others most earnestly exhorted them, but in vain, by an address particularly directed to them. It came to pass within three days, as if by divine vengeance, that these young men, with many others, pursued some robbers of that country. Being discomfited and put to flight, some were slain, others mortally wounded, and the survivors voluntarily assumed that cross they had before despised. Roderic, also, who a short time before had incestuously married the daughter of Rhys, related to him by blood in the third degree, in order, by the assistance of that prince, to be better able to defend himself against the sons of his brothers, whom he had disinherited, not paying attention to the wholesome admonitions of the archbishop on this subject, was a little while afterwards dispossessed of all his lands by their means; thus deservedly meeting with disappointment from the very source from which he expected support.\"The Historical Works of Giraldus Cambrensis; The Itinerary of Wales and the Description of WalesTranslated by Sir Richard Colt-Hoare (1894), p.445\nBy this time the young nephew of Rhodri and Dafydd, Llywelyn the Great had begun to put pressure on his uncles. Rhodri also came under pressure from his nephews Gruffydd and Maredydd ap Cynan, who drove him from Anglesey in 1190. Rhodri made an alliance with Ragnald, King of Mann and the Isles, and possibly married Ragnald's daughter. In 1193, with the help of a Manx contingent, he briefly regained Anglesey, but was ejected again the same year by Gruffydd and Maredudd. Rhodri had three known sons;\n\nTomas, Lord of Rhiw Llwyd\nGruffudd\nEinionThe descendants of Prince Tomas were claimed by Sir John Wynn as his ancestors (a claim he would later have proven in court) and by the Anwyl of Tywyn Family. Rhodri died in 1195.", "Q95427": "Jens Beutel (12 July 1946 \u2013 8 May 2019) was a German judge and politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), he served as Oberb\u00fcrgermeister (mayor) of Mainz, the state capital of Rheinland-Pfalz, from 1997 to 2011. During his tenure, the city improved especially by building projects, including the new synagogue, and new parks.", "Q1545418": "Gregory Tardy is an American jazz saxophonist, who has released albums for the record labels SteepleChase Records, J Curve Records, and Impulse! Records. As of May 2015 he is teaching at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. He has played with Elvin Jones, Avishai Cohen, Aaron Goldberg, Brad Mehldau, and Joshua Redman, among others.", "Q188117": "Walter Ellis Mosley (born January 12, 1952) is an American novelist, most widely recognized for his crime fiction. He has written a series of best-selling historical mysteries featuring the hard-boiled detective Easy Rawlins, a black private investigator and living in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, California; they are perhaps his most popular works.\n\n", "Q981981": "Christopher Murray Grieve (11 August 1892 \u2013 9 September 1978), best known by his pen name Hugh MacDiarmid (), was a Scottish poet, journalist, essayist and political figure. He is considered one of the principal forces behind the Scottish Renaissance and has had a lasting impact on Scottish culture and politics.\nGrieve's earliest work, including Annals of the Five Senses, was written in English, but he is best known for his use of \"synthetic Scots\", a literary version of the Scots language that he himself developed. From the early 1930s onwards MacDiarmid made greater use of English, sometimes a \"synthetic English\" that was supplemented by scientific and technical vocabularies.\nThe son of a postman, MacDiarmid was born in the Scottish border town of Langholm, Dumfriesshire. He was educated at Langholm Academy before becoming a teacher for a brief time at Broughton Higher Grade School in Edinburgh. He began his writing career as a journalist in Wales, contributing to the socialist newspaper The Merthyr Pioneer run by Labour party founder Keir Hardie before joining the Royal Army Medical Corps at the outbreak of the First World War. He served in Salonica, Greece and France before developing cerebral malaria and subsequently returning to Scotland in 1918. MacDiarmid's time in the army was influential in his political and artistic development.\nAfter the war he continued to work as a journalist, living in Montrose where he became editor and reporter of the Montrose Review as well as a justice of the peace and a member of the county council. In 1923 his first book, Annals of the Five Senses, was published at his own expense, followed by Sangschaw in 1925, and Penny Wheep. A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle, published in 1926, is generally regarded as MacDiarmid's most famous and influential work.Moving to the Shetland island of Whalsay in 1933 with his son Michael and second wife, Valda Trevlyn, MacDiarmid continued to write essays and poetry despite being cut off from mainland cultural developments for much of the 1930s. He died at his cottage Brownsbank, near Biggar, in 1978 at the age of 86.Throughout his life MacDiarmid was a supporter of both communism and Scottish nationalism, views that often put him at odds with his contemporaries. He was a founding member of the National Party of Scotland, forerunner to the modern Scottish National Party. He stood as a candidate for the Scottish National Party in 1945 and 1950, and for the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1964. In 1949, MacDiarmid's opinions led George Orwell to include his name in a list of \"those who should not be trusted\" to MI5. Today, MacDiarmid's work is credited with inspiring a new generation of writers. Fellow poet Edwin Morgan said of him: \"Eccentric and often maddening genius he may be, but MacDiarmid has produced many works which, in the only test possible, go on haunting the mind and memory and casting Coleridgean seeds of insight and surprise.\"", "Q1640731": "The Polytechnic University of Catalonia (Catalan: Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, pronounced [uni\u03b2\u0259\u027esi\u02c8tat puli\u02c8t\u025b\u014bnik\u0259 \u00f0\u0259 k\u0259t\u0259\u02c8lu\u0272\u0259]), currently referred to as BarcelonaTech, and commonly known as UPC, is the largest engineering university in Catalonia, Spain. It also offers programs in other disciplines such as mathematics and architecture.\nUPC's objectives are based on internationalization, as it is one of Europe's technical universities with the most international PhD students and the university with the largest share of international master's degree students. UPC is a university aiming at achieving the highest degree of engineering/technical excellence and has bilateral agreements with several top-ranked European universities.UPC is a member of the Top Industrial Managers for Europe network, which allows for student exchanges between leading European engineering schools. It is also a member of several university federations, including the Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research (CESAER) and UNITECH.The university was founded in March 1971 as the Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Barcelona through the merger of engineering and architecture schools founded in the 19th century. As of 2007 it has 25 schools in Catalonia located in the cities of Barcelona, Castelldefels, Manresa, Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e8s, Terrassa, Igualada, Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa and Matar\u00f3. As of the academic year 2017-18, the UPC has over 30,000 students and over 3,000 teaching and research staff, 65 undergraduate programs, 73 graduate programs and 49 doctorate programs.", "Q31178": "Francis Charles Hastings Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford KG (16 October 1819 \u2013 14 January 1891) was an English politician and agriculturalist.", "Q1676283": "J.C. Quinn (November 30, 1940 \u2013 February 10, 2004) was an American film and theatre actor. His acting career included stage, television and film television roles.", "Q145171": "Zalman Shoval (Hebrew: \u05d6\u05dc\u05de\u05df \u05e9\u05d5\u05d1\u05dc, born 28 April 1930) is an Israeli banker, politician and diplomat. He is also active in Israel's economic life.\nHe was the Israeli ambassador to the United States in the years 1990\u20131993 and 1998\u20132000, and an active member of the Knesset in the Rafi-State List, and the Likud party.\n\n", "Q39524": "Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (UK: , US: ; Arabic: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u200e, romanized: Jam\u0101l \u02bbAbdu n-N\u0101\u1e63ir \u1e24usayn, Egyptian Arabic: [\u0261\u00e6\u02c8m\u00e6\u02d0l \u0295\u00e6bden\u02c8n\u0251\u02d0s\u02e4e\u027e \u0127e\u02c8se\u02d0n]; 15 January 1918 \u2013 28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1954 until his death in 1970. Nasser led the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year. Following a 1954 attempt on his life by a Muslim Brotherhood member, he cracked down on the organization, put President Mohamed Naguib under house arrest and assumed executive office. He was formally elected president in June 1956.\nNasser's popularity in Egypt and the Arab world skyrocketed after his nationalization of the Suez Canal and his political victory in the subsequent Suez Crisis. Calls for pan-Arab unity under his leadership increased, culminating with the formation of the United Arab Republic with Syria from 1958 to 1961. In 1962, Nasser began a series of major socialist measures and modernization reforms in Egypt. Despite setbacks to his pan-Arabist cause, by 1963 Nasser's supporters gained power in several Arab countries, but he became embroiled in the North Yemen Civil War and eventually the much larger Arab Cold War. He began his second presidential term in March 1965 after his political opponents were banned from running. Following Egypt's defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War, Nasser resigned, but he returned to office after popular demonstrations called for his reinstatement. By 1968, Nasser had appointed himself Prime Minister, launched the War of Attrition to regain lost territory, began a process of depoliticizing the military and issued a set of political liberalization reforms. After the conclusion of the 1970 Arab League summit, Nasser suffered a heart attack and died. His funeral in Cairo drew five million mourners and an outpouring of grief across the Arab world.\nNasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world, particularly for his strides towards social justice and Arab unity, modernization policies and anti-imperialist efforts. His presidency also encouraged and coincided with an Egyptian cultural boom and launched large industrial projects, including the Aswan Dam and Helwan city. Nasser's detractors criticize his authoritarianism, his human rights violations and his dominance of military over civil institutions, establishing a pattern of military and dictatorial rule in Egypt.", "Q471751": "Yosef (Joseph) \"Tommy\" Lapid (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \"\u05d8\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\" \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9\u05d3, born as Tomislav Lampel (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043b); 27 December 1931 \u2013 1 June 2008) was a Serbian-born Israeli radio and television presenter, playwright, journalist, politician and government minister known for his sharp tongue and acerbic wit. Lapid headed the secular-liberal Shinui party from 1999 to 2006. He fiercely opposed the ultra-Orthodox political parties and actively sought to exclude any religious observance from the legal structure of the Israeli State.", "Q336133": "David William George Chidgey, Baron Chidgey (born 9 July 1942 in Basingstoke) is a Liberal Democrat politician in the United Kingdom. A former Member of Parliament (MP) for Eastleigh, he now sits in the House of Lords.", "Q2405949": "Captain Britain (Brian Braddock) is a fictional character appearing in British and American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He first appeared in Captain Britain Weekly #1 (October 1976), the beginning of a serial best-remembered for runs by writer Chris Claremont, artist Alan Davis, and writer Alan Moore.\nThe character was initially intended exclusively for the British comics market. Endowed with extraordinary powers by the legendary magician Merlyn and his daughter Roma, Captain Britain is assigned to uphold the laws of Britain.", "Q555195": "H\u00e9ctor Juan P\u00e9rez Mart\u00ednez (30 September 1946 \u2013 29 June 1993), better known as H\u00e9ctor Lavoe, was a Puerto Rican salsa singer. Lavoe is considered to be possibly the best and most important singer and interpreter in the history of salsa music because he helped to establish the popularity of this musical genre in the decades of 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. His personality, style and the qualities of his voice led him to a successful artistic career in the whole field of Latin music and salsa during the 1970s and 1980s. The cleanness and brightness of his voice, coupled with impeccable diction and the ability to sing long and fast phrases with total naturalness, made him one of the favorite singers of the Latin public.Lavoe was born and raised in the Machuelo Abajo barrio of Ponce, Puerto Rico. Early in his life, he attended Escuela Libre de M\u00fasica de Ponce, known today as the Instituto de M\u00fasica Juan Morel Campos and, inspired by Jes\u00fas S\u00e1nchez Erazo, developed an interest in music. He moved to New York City on 3 May 1963, at the age of sixteen. Shortly after his arrival, he worked as the singer in a sextet formed by Roberto Garc\u00eda. During this period, he performed with several other groups, including Orquesta New York, Kako All-Stars, and Johnny Pacheco's band.\nIn 1967, Lavoe joined Willie Col\u00f3n's band as its vocalist, recording several hit songs, including \"El Malo\" and \"Canto a Borinquen.\" Lavoe moved on to become a soloist and formed his own band performing as lead vocalist. As a soloist, Lavoe recorded several hits including: \"El cantante\" composed by Rub\u00e9n Blades, \"Bandolera\" composed by Col\u00f3n, and \"Peri\u00f3dico de ayer\", composed by Tite Curet Alonso. During this period he was frequently featured as a guest singer with the Fania All Stars recording numerous tracks with the band.In 1979, Lavoe became deeply depressed and sought the help of a high priest of the Santer\u00eda faith to treat his drug addiction. After a short rehabilitation, he relapsed following the deaths of his father, son, and mother-in-law. These events, along with being diagnosed with HIV, drove Lavoe to attempt suicide by jumping off a Condado hotel room balcony in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He survived the attempt and recorded an album before his health began failing. Lavoe died on 29 June 1993, from a complication of AIDS.", "Q64637": "Anton Heinrich Springer (13 July 1825 \u2013 31 May 1891) was a German art historian and writer.", "Q326320": "Magi-Nation is a Canadian animated series based on the card game Magi-Nation Duel. The series was co-produced by Cookie Jar Entertainment, in association with The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The series premiered in Canada on September 8, 2007, on CBC Television and on September 22, 2007 in the U.S. on Kids' WB. A series of DVDs was set to be released from October 21, 2008 through January 6, 2009 from NCirlce Entertainment. The series had formerly aired in the U.S. on Toonzai on The CW and formerly on Cookie Jar Toons on This TV, with the second season's worldwide premiere airing on Cookie Jar Toons. The show was cancelled due to low ratings of the second season. The twelve remaining episodes have been released online.\n\n", "Q141317": "Al-Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubayd Al-Thaqafi (Arabic: \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0631 \u0671\u0628\u0652\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062f \u0671\u0644\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064e\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0651\u200e, al-Mukht\u0101r ibn Ab\u012b \u02bfUbayd al-Thaqaf\u012by; c. 622 \u2013 3 April 687) was a pro-Alid revolutionary based in Kufa, who led a rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate in 685 and ruled over most of Iraq for eighteen months during the Second Islamic Civil War.\nBorn in Ta'if, Mukhtar moved to Iraq at a young age and grew up in Kufa. Following the death of Husayn ibn Ali, a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, at the hands of the Umayyad army in the Battle of Karbala in 680, he allied with the rival caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr in Mecca, but the alliance was short-lived. Mukhtar returned to Kufa where he declared Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, a son of caliph Ali (r. 656\u2013661) and brother of Husayn, the mahdi and the imam, and called for the establishment of an Alid caliphate and retaliation for Husayn's killing. He took over Kufa in October 685, after expelling its Zubayrid governor, and later ordered the execution of those involved in the killing of Husayn. Hostile relations with Ibn al-Zubayr ultimately led to Mukhtar's death by the forces of the Zubayrid governor of Basra, Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr, following a four-month siege.\nAlthough Mukhtar was defeated, his movement would have far-reaching consequences. After his death, his followers formed a radical Shi'a sect, later known as the Kaysanites, who developed several novel doctrines and influenced later Shi'a ideology. Mukhtar raised the social status of mawali (local converts to Islam) and they became an important political entity. The mawali and Kaysanites went on to play a significant role in the Abbasid Revolution sixty years later. Mukhtar is a controversial figure among Muslims; condemned by many as a false prophet, but revered by Shi'a because of his support for the Alids. Modern historians' views range from regarding him as a sincere revolutionary to an ambitious opportunist.", "Q1001250": "Carlos Jesus \"Buddy\" Moreno (July 14, 1912 \u2013 November 29, 2015) was an American musician during the swing era and radio and television personality.\nIn his book, The Big Bands, jazz writer George T. Simon described Moreno as \"a grinning, seemingly ever-joyous guitarist ... who on novelty and uptempoed [sic] tunes projected a pleasant personality and voice to match.\"Moreno was born in Los Angeles, California as the only child to a Spanish father and an Irish mother. He was reported to be a cousin of actress Rita Moreno. He attended the University of California before leaving to join the orchestra of Anson Weeks.His career began in 1929 when he sang in a vocal group. His big breakthrough came in 1933 when he joined Griff Williams's band in San Francisco as a singer and guitar player. Later he became a part of popular bandleader Dick Jurgens' orchestra. Moreno and Jurgens recorded many songs through the label Okeh Records, charting the number one hit \"One Dozen Roses\" in 1942. Moreno changed band once more, in 1943, when he joined Harry James' band.\nMoreno appeared in the films Two Girls and a Sailor (1944) and Bathing Beauty (1944) along with the rest of the band. He formed his own band in 1947 with his wife, singer Perri Mitchell and others.Beginning June 30, 1958, Moreno had a local television program, The Buddy Moreno Show, on KMOX-TV in St. Louis, Missouri.He relocated to St. Louis in the 1950s, when his band was selected to be the house band in The Chase Park Plaza Hotel's Chase Club, which led to a national radio program, Saturdays at the Chase. As he approached his 60s, he switched to radio and worked for the local stations WIL-FM, WEW and WSIE.In the 1960s, Moreno traveled with Bob Hope to entertain American military personnel around the world.", "Q609646": "St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded as a men's college in 1555, it has been coeducational since 1979. Its founder, Sir Thomas White, intended to provide a source of educated Roman Catholic clerics to support the Counter-Reformation under Queen Mary. \nSt John's is the wealthiest college in Oxford, with a financial endowment of \u00a3551 million as of 2018, largely due to nineteenth century suburban development of land in the city of Oxford of which it is the ground landlord.The college occupies a central location on St Giles' and has a student body of approximately 390 undergraduates and 250 postgraduates. As well as over 100 academic staff, the college is supported by a similar number of other staff. It is amongst the most academic of all Oxford colleges; in 2018 St John's topped the Norrington Table, the annual ranking of Oxford colleges' final results.", "Q290086": "Miyako Yamaguchi (\u5c71\u53e3\u7f8e\u4e5f\u5b50) (born February 3, 1952) is a Japanese actress. She won the award for best supporting actress at the 7th Hochi Film Award for Farewell to the Land.", "Q43288": "Piz Alv is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps in Switzerland. The summit is the tripoint between the cantons of Uri (Unteralp valley), Graub\u00fcnden (Val Maighels) and Ticino (Val Canaria).", "Q140009": "She's Out of My League is a 2010 American romantic comedy film directed by Jim Field Smith and written by Sean Anders and John Morris. The film stars Jay Baruchel and Alice Eve, and was produced by Jimmy Miller and David Householter for Paramount Pictures and DreamWorks Pictures and filmed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Production on the film finished in 2008. The film received its wide theatrical release on March 12, 2010. It is the first feature film directed by Smith.", "Q272003": "Sheree Julienne Wilson (born December 12, 1958) is an American actress, producer, businesswoman, and model. She is best known for her roles as April Stevens Ewing on the American primetime television series Dallas (1986\u20131991) and as Alex Cahill-Walker on the television series Walker, Texas Ranger (1993\u20132001).", "Q157575": "The University of Strasbourg (French: Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, Unistra or UDS) in Strasbourg, Alsace, France, is a university in France with over 52,000 students and almost 3,300 researchers.The French university traces its history to the earlier German-language Universit\u00e4t Stra\u00dfburg, which was founded in 1538, and was divided in the 1970s into three separate institutions: Louis Pasteur University, Marc Bloch University, and Robert Schuman University. On 1 January 2009, the fusion of these three universities reconstituted a united University of Strasbourg. With as many as 19 Nobel laureates, and two Fields Medal winners, the university is ranked among the best in the League of European Research Universities.", "Q1302087": "Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt, (September 6, 1817 \u2013 September 19, 1893) was a politician and a father of Canadian Confederation.", "Q371278": "Love Me If You Dare (French: Jeux d'enfants, lit. 'Children's games') is a 2003 romantic comedy-drama film directed by Yann Samuell. It stars Guillaume Canet and Marion Cotillard.", "Q233739": "Jenna Noelle Ushkowitz (; born April 28, 1986) is a Korean-born American Tony Award-winning producer, actress, singer and podcast host. She is known for her performances in Broadway musicals such as The King and I and Waitress; and in the role of Tina Cohen-Chang on the Fox comedy-drama series Glee.", "Q65529": "Friedrich Zimmermann (18 July 1925 \u2013 16 September 2012) was a German politician and a member of the CSU. From 1982 to 1989 he was the federal minister of interior. From 1989 to 1991 he held the position of federal minister for transport.", "Q439729": "Richard Lynn Scott (n\u00e9 Myers, December 1, 1952) is an American politician serving as the junior United States senator from Florida since 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the 45th governor of Florida from 2011 to 2019.\nScott is a graduate of the University of Missouri, Kansas City and of Southern Methodist University Dedman School of Law. In 1987, after serving in the United States Navy and becoming a law firm partner, he co-founded Columbia Hospital Corporation. Columbia later merged with another corporation to form Columbia/HCA, which eventually became the largest private for-profit health care company in the United States. Scott was pressured to resign as chief executive of Columbia/HCA in 1997. During his tenure as chief executive, the company defrauded Medicare, Medicaid and other federal programs. The Department of Justice ultimately fined the company $1.7 billion in what was at the time the largest health care fraud settlement in U.S. history. Scott was not charged with a crime. Following his departure from Columbia/HCA, Scott became a venture capitalist and pursued other business interests.\nScott ran for governor of Florida in 2010. He defeated Bill McCollum in a vigorously contested Republican primary election, and then narrowly defeated Democratic nominee Alex Sink in the general election. Scott was re-elected in 2014, defeating former governor Charlie Crist. He was barred by term limits from running for re-election in 2018, and instead ran for the United States Senate that year. \nScott won the 2018 Florida Senate election, defeating Democratic incumbent Bill Nelson. The initial election results were so close that they triggered a mandatory recount. The recount showed that Scott had won by 10,033 votes; Nelson then conceded the race. Scott took office following the expiration of his term as governor of Florida on January 8, 2019.", "Q525472": "Maurice (\"Maus\") Gatsonides (February 14, 1911 in Gombong, Kebumen Regency \u2013 November 29, 1998 in Heemstede) was a Dutch rally driver and inventor. Gatsonides was born in Central Java in the former Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). He founded the company \"Gatsometer BV\" in the Netherlands in 1958.\nToday, Gatsonides' fame largely results from inventing the Gatso speed camera, a speed measuring device used today by many police forces to catch speeding drivers. He originally invented the Gatso speed camera to measure his cornering speed in an attempt to improve his driving.", "Q1188": "Madhya Pradesh (MP; , Hindi: [\u02c8m\u0259d\u02b1j\u0259 p\u027e\u0259\u02c8de\u02d0\u0283] (listen); meaning Central Province) is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Gwalior, Ujjain being the other major cities. Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 75 million residents. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest. Before 2000, when Chhattisgarh was a part of Madhya Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh was the largest state in India and the distance between the two furthest points inside the state, Singoli and Konta, was 1500 km.\nThe area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada, whose capital Ujjain (also known as Avantika) arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE. Subsequently, the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India. Maratha empire dominated the majority of the 18th century. After the Anglo Maratha Wars 19th century, the region was divided into several princely states under the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency. After India's independence, Madhya Pradesh state was created with Nagpur as its capital: this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today's Maharashtra. In 1956, this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state, the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the then Bombay State. This state was the largest in India by area until 2000, when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was made as a separate state.\nThe economy of Madhya Pradesh is the tenth-largest state economy in India with \u20b98.09 lakh crore (US$110 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of \u20b990,000 (US$1,300). Madhya Pradesh ranks 32nd among Indian states in human development index. Rich in mineral resources, MP has the largest reserves of diamond and copper in India. More than 30% of its area is under forest cover. Its tourism industry has seen considerable growth, with the state topping the National Tourism Awards in 2010\u201311. In recent years, the state's GDP growth has been above the national average.", "Q1364464": "The University of Madras or Madras University is a public state university in Chennai (formerly Madras), Tamil Nadu, India. Established in 1857, it is one of the oldest universities in India after University of Calcutta. The university was incorporated by an Act of the Legislative Council of India.It is a collegiate research university and has six campuses in the city: Chepauk, Marina, Guindy, Taramani, Maduravoyal and Chetpet. It offers more than 230 courses under 87 academic departments grouped under 19 schools, covering diverse areas such as sciences, social sciences, humanities, management and medicine along with 109 affiliated colleges and 52 approved research institutions. It is one of the top universities in India that provide distance education in various disciplines. Now the Institute of distance education, University of Madras is offering 15 Undergraduate Courses, 20 Postgraduate Courses under CBCS Pattern, 16 Diploma Courses and 12 Certificate Courses.\nThe National Assessment and Accreditation Council has conferred 'five star' accreditation to the university and it has been given the status of 'University with Potential for Excellence' by the University Grants Commission.University of Madras is the alma mater of two Indian Physics Nobel Laureates, CV Raman and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, five Presidents of India, including A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, and several notable mathematicians including Srinivasa Ramanujan.", "Q262576": "Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Ilyin Jr. (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u043d-\u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439, born November 22, 1983) is a Russian theater and film actor, poet, singer and songwriter of the punk band \"Plan of Lomonosov\".", "Q2188130": "Merald Woodlow \"Bubba\" Knight, Jr. (born September 4, 1942 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American R&B/soul singer, best known as a member of Gladys Knight & the Pips. The older brother of lead singer Gladys Knight, Bubba Knight served as the unofficial leader of the group, and was instrumental in handling the Pips' business matters. Gladys Knight & The Pips evolved out of The Pips.The original Pips formed in Atlanta in 1952, with Gladys, Bubba, sister Brenda, plus cousins Elenor and William Guest singing supper club material during the week, and gospel music on Sundays. Bubba has lived in the Detroit area since the mid 1960s. He was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996.", "Q338678": "The Treatment is an American romantic comedy film released in 2006 produced and directed by Oren Rudavsky and starring Chris Eigeman and Famke Janssen.\nIt is based on a novel with the same title by Daniel Menaker.", "Q457796": "Geoff Berner (born 1971) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and musician from Vancouver, British Columbia.", "Q330224": "George Eastman (born Luigi Montefiori; August 16, 1942) is an Italian B-movie actor and screenwriter well known for his frequent collaborations with notorious director Joe D'Amato. He is most famous for his role as the insane, cannibalistic serial killer Klaus Wortmann in the gory 1980 horror film Antropophagus (aka The Grim Reaper). He also played a similar role in its 1981 follow-up, Absurd. Both films were directed by D'Amato and written by Eastman.", "Q107424": "Akiko Yano (\u77e2\u91ce \u9855\u5b50, Yano Akiko, born Akiko Suzuki (\u9234\u6728 \u9855\u5b50 Suzuki Akiko); February 13, 1955) is a Japanese pop and jazz musician and singer born in Tokyo and raised in Aomori and later began her singing career in the mid-1970s. She has been called \"one of the major musical talents of the Japanese popular music world\", and her vocals and singing style have been compared to British singer Kate Bush.She has recorded with Yellow Magic Orchestra and its members Ryuichi Sakamoto, Haruomi Hosono and Yukihiro Takahashi, as well as with Swing Out Sister, Pat Metheny, The Chieftains, Lyle Mays, members of Little Feat, David Sylvian, Mick Karn, Kenji Omura, Gil Goldstein, Toninho Horta, Mino Cinelu, Jeff Bova, Charlie Haden, Peter Erskine, Anthony Jackson, David Rhodes, Bill Frisell, Thomas Dolby, The Chieftains, Toninho Horta, Jeff Bova, the band Quruli, Rei Harakami as Yanokami and her daughter Miu Sakamoto.\n\n", "Q74342": "Fritz Reinhardt (3 April 1895, in Ilmenau \u2013 17 June 1969, in Regensburg) was a state secretary in the German Finance Ministry in the time of the Third Reich.", "Q3520604": "The Devil's Whore (released as The Devil's Mistress in North America) is a four-part television series set during the English Civil War, produced by Company Pictures for Channel 4 in 2008. It centres on the adventures of the fictional Angelica Fanshawe and the historical Leveller soldier Edward Sexby and spans the years 1638 to 1660. It was written by Peter Flannery, who began working on the script in 1997. It is believed to have had a budget of \u00a37 million. It was followed by a sequel series, New Worlds, in 2014.", "Q471037": "Inayatullah Khan Seraj (October 20, 1888 \u2013 August 12, 1946) was the King of Afghanistan for three days in January 1929. He was the son of former Afghan Emir, Habibullah Khan. Inayatullah's brief reign ended with his abdication.\nIn the middle of the night, on January 14, 1929, Amanullah Khan handed over his kingship to his brother Inayatullah Khan and tried to secretly escape from Kabul to Kandahar. Habibull\u0101h Kalak\u0101ni and his followers chased Amanullah's Rolls Royce on horseback but Amanullah managed to escape.\nWith the King gone, Kalakani wrote a letter to King Inayatullah to either surrender or prepare for war. Inayatullah's response was that he had never sought nor wished to be king and agreed to abdicate and proclaim Kalakani as king on January 18, 1929. Inayatullah was airlifted out of Kabul by the Royal Air Force and spent the remainder of his life in exile. In August 1929, during the Afghan civil war of 1928-29, there were rumours in Kabul that rupees bearing Inayatullah's name were circulating among anti-Kalakani forces. This led some to believe that Inaytullah had begun to contest the Afghan throne. However, nothing came of this, and the rumours quickly subsided. Inayatullah remained in British India, until his death in Tehran in 1946.", "Q81863": "Akita Prefecture (\u79cb\u7530\u770c, Akita-ken) is a prefecture located in the T\u014dhoku region of Japan. The capital is the city of Akita.", "Q308963": "The University of Salamanca (Spanish: Universidad de Salamanca) is a Spanish higher education institution, located in the city of Salamanca, west of Madrid, in the autonomous community of Castile and Le\u00f3n. It was founded in 1134 and given the Royal charter of foundation by King Alfonso IX in 1218. It is the world's third oldest university still in operation and the oldest university in the Hispanic world. The formal title of \"University\" was granted by King Alfonso X in 1254 and recognized by Pope Alexander IV in 1255.", "Q274314": "Rosalinda Celentano (born July 15, 1968) is an Italian actress. Credited in over twenty films, she is perhaps best known for having played Satan in the movie The Passion of the Christ (2004). She is the daughter of Adriano Celentano and Claudia Mori.", "Q339566": "The New Legend of Shaolin (Chinese: \u6d2a\u7199\u5b98\u4e4b\u5c11\u6797\u4e94\u7956; pinyin: H\u00f3ng X\u012bgu\u0101n Zh\u012b Sh\u00e0ol\u00edn W\u01d4 Z\u01d4; released in the United Kingdom as Legend of the Red Dragon) is a 1994 Hong Kong martial arts film directed by Wong Jing and Corey Yuen, and produced by Jet Li, who also starred in the lead role. The film was released in the Hong Kong on 3 March 1994. This film showcases Hung Hei-kwun's exploits as a rebel against the Qing government. This is one of two films in which Li and Miu Tse play a father-son duo, the other being My Father Is a Hero.", "Q64151": "Cruel Intentions is a 1999 American teen romantic drama film written and directed by Roger Kumble and starring Sarah Michelle Gellar, Ryan Phillippe, Reese Witherspoon, and Selma Blair. The film is an adaptation of the novel Les Liaisons dangereuses, written by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos in 1782, but set among wealthy teenagers attending high school in New York City instead of 18th-century France.The film started as a smaller budget independent film, but was picked up by Columbia Pictures and released on March 5, 1999. Despite mixed critical reviews, the performances of Gellar, Philippe, and Witherspoon were praised. Cruel Intentions was a box office success, earning $76 million, with two direct-to-video films.", "Q67458": "Sorvilier is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).", "Q1338469": "Paul Thomas (born October 5, 1980 in Waldorf, Maryland) is an American musician best known as the bassist for the pop punk band Good Charlotte.", "Q922958": "Alan John Carpenter (born 4 January 1957) is a former Australian politician who served as the 28th Premier of Western Australia, from 2006 to 2008. From Albany, Carpenter graduated from the University of Western Australia, and worked as a journalist before entering politics. A member of the Labor Party, he was first elected to the Legislative Assembly at the 1996 state election, representing the seat of Willagee. In the Gallop ministry, which took office following the 2001 election, Carpenter was Minister for Education (later Education and Training), as well as holding several other portfolios. He replaced Geoff Gallop as premier in January 2006, following Gallop's resignation, but Labor lost office following a hung parliament at the 2008 election, with Colin Barnett becoming premier as the leader of a minority Liberal Party government. Carpenter resigned from parliament in 2009, and until 2018 held a senior management position with Wesfarmers.", "Q70124": "Mezzovico-Vira is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q197989": "Myria Alexandra Benedetti (Thai: \u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22 \u0e40\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e40\u0e19\u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e14\u0e15\u0e35\u0e49; born February 6, 1975) or stage-named Nat Myria (\u0e19\u0e31\u0e17 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22), is a Thai singer, actress, model, and MC of Swiss and Italian descent.", "Q445392": "John Sherman (May 10, 1823 \u2013 October 22, 1900) was a politician from the U.S. state of Ohio during the American Civil War and into the late nineteenth century. A member of the Republican Party, he served in both houses of the U.S. Congress. He also served as Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of State. Sherman sought the Republican presidential nomination three times, coming closest in 1888, but was never chosen by the party. His brothers included General William Tecumseh Sherman; Charles Taylor Sherman, a federal judge in Ohio; and Hoyt Sherman, an Iowa banker.\nBorn in Lancaster, Ohio, Sherman later moved to Mansfield, where he began a law career before entering politics. Initially a Whig, Sherman was among those anti-slavery activists who formed what became the Republican Party. He served three terms in the House of Representatives. As a member of the House, Sherman traveled to Kansas to investigate the unrest between pro- and anti-slavery partisans there. He rose in party leadership and was nearly elected Speaker in 1859. Sherman was elevated to the Senate in 1861. As a senator, he was a leader in financial matters, helping to redesign the United States' monetary system to meet the needs of a nation torn apart by civil war. After the war, he worked to produce legislation that would restore the nation's credit abroad and produce a stable, gold-backed currency at home.\nServing as Secretary of the Treasury in the administration of Rutherford B. Hayes, Sherman continued his efforts for financial stability and solvency, overseeing an end to wartime inflationary measures and a return to gold-backed money. He returned to the Senate after his term expired, serving there for a further sixteen years. During that time he continued his work on financial legislation, as well as writing and debating laws on immigration, business competition law, and the regulation of interstate commerce. Sherman was the principal author of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which was signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison. In 1897, President William McKinley appointed him Secretary of State. Failing health and declining faculties made him unable to handle the burdens of the job, and he retired in 1898 at the start of the Spanish\u2013American War. Sherman died at his home in Washington, D.C. in 1900.", "Q498": "Ulrich Friedrich Woldemar Graf von L\u00f6wendal (Russian: \u0423\u043b\u044c\u0440\u0438\u0445 \u0424\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0445 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0440 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 \u0444\u043e\u043d \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c, tr. Ulrikh Fridrikh Vol'demar Graf fon Levendal'; 1700\u20131755) was a German officer and statesman.", "Q231648": "Gabrielle Monique Union-Wade (n\u00e9e Union; born October 29, 1972) is an American actress, voice artist, activist, and author. She began her career in the 1990s, appearing on television sitcoms, before landing supporting roles in teenage comedic films She's All That and 10 Things I Hate About You (1999). Her breakthrough role was in the 2000 film Bring It On.\nUnion is also known for her performances in the romantic comedy films The Brothers (2001), Deliver Us from Eva (2003), Daddy's Little Girls (2007), Think Like a Man (2012) and Think Like a Man Too (2014). She also had starring roles in the CBS medical drama series City of Angels (2000) and films Bad Boys II (2003), Cradle 2 the Grave (2003), Neo Ned (2005), Cadillac Records (2008), Top Five (2014) and Breaking In (2018). In 2013, Union began starring as lead character in the BET drama series Being Mary Jane, for which she has received an NAACP Image Award. She co-starred in the 2016 film The Birth of a Nation, and next appeared in Almost Christmas (2016) and Sleepless (2017).\nUnion is also the author of a memoir, We're Going to Need More Wine (2017), and an activist who works on issues around women's health and violence against women.\nShe also wrote a children's book for parents and kids alike entitled \"Welcome to the Party\", which will be released in May 2020.", "Q294586": "Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje (; born 22 August 1967) is a British actor, director, and former fashion model known for his roles as Simon Adebisi in Oz, Nykwana Wombosi in The Bourne Identity, Kurse in Thor: The Dark World, Killer Croc in Suicide Squad, Mr. Eko on Lost, Malko in the fifth season of the HBO series Game of Thrones and Dave Duerson in the NFL biopic drama Concussion.Akinnuoye-Agbaje's feature directorial debut, Farming, wrapped production in 2017 and had its world premiere at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival.", "Q3385949": "Pierre Lescure (born July 2, 1945), is a French journalist and television executive. He is known for having founded the French TV music show Les Enfants du rock broadcast on public television from 1981 to 1988 and for having led the French Canal+ channel from its creation in 1984 to 2002.", "Q3813647": "Alberto Cortina de Alcocer (born January 20, 1947, in Madrid, Spain) is a Spanish businessman. Through his holding Percacer, he is co-owner, with his cousin Alberto Alcocer, of Alcor Holding, the owner of 12.5% of Grupo ACS, the biggest construction company in the world by sales with 2014 revenues of USD 50b, and of 21% of Ence, the largest paper pulp and biomass energy company in Europe. He has appeared several years in Forbes List of Billionaires with USD 1.4 billion.", "Q239214": "Karl Goldmark (born K\u00e1roly Goldmark, Keszthely, May 18, 1830 \u2013 Vienna, January 2, 1915) was a Hungarian-born Viennese composer.", "Q76555": "Joseph II (German: Josef Benedikt Anton Michel Adam; English: Joseph Benedict Anthony Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 \u2013 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg lands from November 1780 until his death. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and the brother of Marie Antoinette. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the House of Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism; however, his commitment to modernizing reforms subsequently engendered significant opposition, which resulted in failure to fully implement his programs. Meanwhile, despite making some territorial gains, his reckless foreign policy badly isolated Austria. He has been ranked, with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia, as one of the three great Enlightenment monarchs. His reputation as an enlightened monarch was somewhat legendary, leading to false, but influential letters depicting him as a radical philosopher. His policies are now known as Josephinism. He was a supporter of the arts, and most importantly, of composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Antonio Salieri. He died with no sons and was succeeded by his younger brother, Leopold II.", "Q237239": "Elisabeth Rose Harnois ( arn-WAH; born May 26, 1979) is an American actress. Her career started at the age of five, where she began appearing in a number of film and television roles. As a child, she starred as Alice in Disney's Adventures in Wonderland and as an adult, she starred as Morgan Brody in the CBS forensics drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation from 2011 to 2015.", "Q1764693": "Sir Robert Dudley (7 August 1574 \u2013 6 September 1649) was an English explorer and cartographer. In 1594, he led an expedition to the West Indies, of which he wrote an account. The illegitimate son of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, he inherited the bulk of the Earl's estate in accordance with his father's will, including Kenilworth Castle. In 1603\u20131605, he tried unsuccessfully to establish his legitimacy in court. After that he left England forever, finding a new existence in the service of the grand dukes of Tuscany. There, he worked as an engineer and shipbuilder, and designed and published Dell'Arcano del Mare (1645-1646), the first maritime atlas to cover the whole world. He was also a skilled navigator and mathematician. In Italy, he styled himself \"Earl of Warwick and Leicester\", as well as \"Duke of Northumberland\", a title recognized by Emperor Ferdinand II.\n\n", "Q3022596": "Denis-Christel Sassou Nguesso is a Congolese politician. He is the son of President of Congo-Brazzaville Denis Sassou Nguesso. Denis Christel was administrator-general of Cotrade and was subsequently appointed deputy director-general of the National Petroleum Company of the Congo (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 nationale des p\u00e9troles du Congo, SNPC) in December 2010. He was elected to the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville in 2012.", "Q642451": "Walter Charles Langer (February 5, 1899 \u2013 July 4, 1981) was an American psychoanalyst who was best known for preparing a psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler in 1943. Langer studied the field of psychoanalysis at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts where he also worked as a professor upon completion of his education. The field of psychoanalytics later led Langer to be employed by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) where in the year of 1943 he prepared a psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler. Within this analysis, Langer successfully predicted Hitler's suicide as the \"most plausible outcome\", as well as the possibility of a military coup against Hitler well before the assassination attempt of 1944. Following his psychological analysis and Hitler's death, Langer wrote a report surrounding the events of Adolf Hitler's life titled The Mind of Adolf Hitler: A Secret Wartime Report. This publication is Langer's most notable work; however, he has also produced writings such as Psychology and Human Living, A Psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler: His Life and Legend, and Dissecting the Hitler Mind.", "Q20713": "Axel Christofer Hedfors (born 18 December 1977), better known by his stage name Axwell, is a Swedish DJ, record producer, remixer and owner of Axtone Records. He is a member of Swedish House Mafia along with Sebastian Ingrosso and Steve Angello. He is a two time DJ Awards winner and in 2013 he was placed 19th on the DJ Magazine Top 100 DJ Poll. He remains the 3rd most DJ-supported producer in the world for two consecutive years on 1001Tracklists Top 101 Producers Rankings.", "Q66746": "Johanna Christiana Sophie Vulpius (1 June 1765 \u2013 6 June 1816) was the mistress and wife of Johann Wolfgang Goethe.\n\n", "Q435675": "Lauren Courtney Mayhew (November 27, 1985) is an American singer, actress and former ring announcer for ECW.", "Q686375": "RMC is a private French-Mon\u00e9gasque radio station created in 1943, broadcasting from France with studios in Paris and Monte-Carlo. RMC stands for Radio Monte-Carlo.", "Q103656": "Tanja Wedhorn (born 14 November 1979 in Witten) is a German actress. She studied acting at the Berlin University of the Arts and lives in Berlin. She has two sons. \nTanja Wedhorn became famous for her performance in the leading role of Germany's first telenovela Bianca \u2013 Wege zum Gl\u00fcck. The show was broadcast in Germany in 2004 and 2005 by the public broadcasting station ZDF. \nShe received a Golden Romy in Austria in 2005 in the category Most Popular Actress.", "Q1320232": "The University of Detroit Mercy (UDM) is a private, Roman Catholic university in Detroit, Michigan, sponsored by both the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) and the Religious Sisters of Mercy. Founded in 1877, it is the largest Catholic university in Michigan. It has three campuses, where it offers more than a hundred academic degrees and programs of study in liberal arts, clinical psychology, business, dentistry, education, law, engineering, architecture, nursing and allied health professions.\nIn athletics, the university sponsors 19 NCAA Division I level varsity sports for men and women. It is a member of the Horizon League.", "Q112983": "A memoir (US: /\u02c8memw\u0251\u02d0r/; from French: m\u00e9moire: memoria, meaning memory or reminiscence) is a collection of memories that an individual writes about moments or events, both public or private, that took place in the subject's/person\u2019s life. The assertions made in the work are understood to be factual. While memoir has historically been defined as a subcategory of biography or autobiography since the late 20th century, the genre is differentiated in form, presenting a narrowed focus. A biography or autobiography tells the story \"of a life\", while a memoir often tells a story \"from a life\", such as touchstone events and turning points from the author's life. The author of a memoir may be referred to as a memoirist or a memorialist.", "Q6501000": "Chang'an ([\u0288\u0282\u02b0\u01ce\u014b.\u00e1n] (listen); simplified Chinese: \u957f\u5b89; traditional Chinese: \u9577\u5b89) was an ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an. Chang'an means \"Perpetual Peace\" in Classical Chinese since it was a capital that was repeatedly used by new Chinese rulers. During the short-lived Xin dynasty, the city was renamed \"Constant Peace\" (Chinese: \u5e38\u5b89; pinyin: Ch\u00e1ng'\u0101n); the old name was later restored. By the time of the Ming dynasty, a new walled city named Xi'an, meaning \"Western Peace\", was built at the Sui and Tang dynasty city's site, which has remained its name to the present day.\nChang'an had been settled since Neolithic times, during which the Yangshao culture was established in Banpo in the city's suburb. Also in the northern vicinity of the modern Xi'an, Qin Shi Huang of the Qin dynasty held his imperial court, and constructed his massive mausoleum guarded by the famed Terracotta Army.\nFrom its capital at Xianyang, the Qin dynasty ruled a larger area than either of the preceding dynasties. The imperial city of Chang'an during the Han dynasty was located northwest of today's Xi'an. During the Tang dynasty, the area to be known as Chang'an included the area inside the Ming Xi'an fortification, plus some small areas to its east and west, and a major part of its southern suburbs. The Tang Chang'an hence was 8 times the size of the Ming Xi'an, which was reconstructed upon the site of the former imperial quarters of the Sui and Tang city. During its heyday, Chang'an was one of the largest and most populous cities in the world. Around AD 750, Chang'an was called a \"million people's city\" in Chinese records, while modern estimates put it at around 800,000\u20131,000,000 within city walls. According to the census in 742 recorded in the New Book of Tang, 362,921 families with 1,960,188 persons were counted in Jingzhao Fu (\u4eac\u5146\u5e9c), the metropolitan area including small cities in the vicinity.", "Q1349284": "Shelby Fredrick \"Sheb\" Wooley (April 10, 1921 \u2013 September 16, 2003) was an American actor and singer, best known for his 1958 novelty song \"The Purple People Eater.\" He played Ben Miller, brother of Frank Miller, in the film High Noon; played Travis Cobb in The Outlaw Josey Wales; and also had a co-starring role as scout Pete Nolan in the television series Rawhide. Additionally, Wooley recorded a series of novelty songs under the name Ben Colder, notably a #6 country hit \"Almost Persuaded No. 2\".\nWooley is also credited as the voice actor who produced the Wilhelm scream sound effect.", "Q19186": "Middlesex (; abbreviation: Middx) is a historic county in southeast England. Its area is almost entirely within the wider urbanised area of London and mostly within the ceremonial county of Greater London, with small sections in neighbouring ceremonial counties. It was established in the Anglo-Saxon period from the territory of the Middle Saxons, and existed as an official administrative unit until 1965. The county is bounded to the south by the River Thames, and has the rivers Colne and Lea and a ridge of hills forming its other boundaries. The largely low-lying county, dominated by clay in its north and alluvium on gravel in its south, was the second smallest by area in 1831.\nThe City of London was a county corporate from the 12th century and was able to exert political control over Middlesex. Westminster Abbey dominated most of the early financial, judicial and ecclesiastical aspects of the county. As London expanded into rural Middlesex, the Corporation of London resisted attempts to expand the city boundaries into the county, which posed problems for the administration of local government and justice. In the 18th and 19th centuries the population density was especially high in the southeast of the county, including the East End and West End of London. From 1855 the southeast was administered, with sections of Kent and Surrey, as part of the area of the Metropolitan Board of Works. When county councils were introduced in England in 1889 about 20% of the area of the historic county of Middlesex, along with a third of its population, was incorporated into the new administrative county of London and the remainder incorporated into the administrative county of Middlesex, governed by the Middlesex County Council that met regularly at the Middlesex Guildhall in Westminster. The City of London, and Middlesex, became separate counties for other purposes and Middlesex regained the right to appoint its own sheriff, lost in 1199.In the interwar years suburban London expanded further, with improvement and expansion of public transport, and the setting up of new industries. After the Second World War, the populations of the administrative county of London and of inner Middlesex were in steady decline, with high population growth continuing in the outer parts of Middlesex. After a Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London, almost all of the area of the historic county of Middlesex was incorporated into Greater London in 1965, with the rest included in neighbouring administrative counties.", "Q709646": "Clifton Curtis \"C.C.\" Williams Jr. (September 26, 1932 \u2013 October 5, 1967) (Major, USMC), was an American naval aviator, test pilot, mechanical engineer, major in the United States Marine Corps, and NASA astronaut, who was killed in a plane crash; he had never been to space. The crash was caused by a mechanical failure in a NASA T-38 jet trainer, which he was piloting to visit his parents in Mobile, Alabama. The failure caused the flight controls to stop responding, and although he activated the ejection seat, it did not save him. He was the fourth astronaut from NASA's Astronaut Group 3 to have died, the first two (Charles Bassett and Theodore Freeman) having been killed in separate T-38 flights, and the third (Roger B. Chaffee) in the Apollo 1 fire earlier that year. The aircraft crashed in Florida near Tallahassee within an hour of departing Patrick AFB.\nAlthough he was never on a spaceflight, he served as backup pilot for the mission Gemini 10, which took place in July 1966. Following this mission, he was selected to be the Lunar Module pilot for an Apollo mission to the Moon commanded by Pete Conrad. Following Williams' death, Alan Bean became Lunar Module pilot for Conrad's mission, which ended up being Apollo 12, the second lunar landing.", "Q445386": "LaRon Louis James (born February 18, 1982), better known by his stage name Juelz Santana, is an American rapper, recording artist and member of East Coast hip hop group The Diplomats, also known as Dipset. He is best known for his appearances on Cam'ron's 2002 singles, \"Oh Boy\" and \"Hey Ma\", which peaked at #4 and #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 respectively, as well as Chris Brown's 2005 triple-platinum single, \"Run It!\", which topped Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks.His albums, From Me to U (2003) and What the Game's Been Missing! (2005) peaked at #8 and #9 on the Billboard 200 respectively, the latter containing the platinum single, \"There It Go (The Whistle Song)\".", "Q229013": "Sarah Kate Silverman (born December 1, 1970) is an American stand-up comedian, actress, singer, producer, and writer. Her comedy addresses social taboos and controversial topics, such as racism, sexism, politics, and religion, sometimes having her comic character endorse them in a satirical or deadpan fashion. For her work on television, she has won two Primetime Emmy Awards.\nSilverman was a writer and performer on Saturday Night Live, and she starred in and produced The Sarah Silverman Program, which ran from 2007 to 2010 on Comedy Central, for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. She released an autobiography The Bedwetter in 2010. She also appeared in other television programs, such as Mr. Show and VIP, and starred in films, including Who's the Caboose? (1997), School of Rock (2003), Wreck-It Ralph (2012), A Million Ways to Die in the West (2014), and Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018). In 2015, she starred in the drama I Smile Back, for which she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role.\nDuring the 2016 election, she became increasingly politically active; she initially campaigned for Bernie Sanders and later spoke in support of Hillary Clinton at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. She hosted the Hulu web television late-night talk show I Love You, America with Sarah Silverman from 2017 until late 2018.", "Q70130": "Gil Doron Reichstadt Ofarim (born 13 August 1982 in Munich, Bavaria) is a German singer, songwriter, and occasional actor. As of 2017 he is also known as the lead singer of the bands Zoo Army and Acht.", "Q332427": "The Exterminating Angel (Spanish: El \u00e1ngel exterminador), is a 1962 surrealist film, written and directed by Luis Bu\u00f1uel, starring Silvia Pinal, and produced by her then-husband Gustavo Alatriste. Sharply satirical and allegorical, the film contains a view of the aristocracy suggesting they \"harbor savage instincts and unspeakable secrets\".It is considered one of the best 1,000 films by The New York Times, and was adapted into an opera in 2016.", "Q433210": "Mar\u00eda Rita Barber\u00e1 Nolla (16 July 1948 \u2013 23 November 2016) was a Spanish politician and the Mayor of Valencia, Spain from 1991 until 2015.", "Q49969": "Itsunori Onodera (\u5c0f\u91ce\u5bfa \u4e94\u5178, Onodera Itsunori, born May 5, 1960) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party and a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). He was the Minister of Defense in 26 December 2012 \u2013 3 September 2014 and 3 August 2017 \u2013 2 October 2018.", "Q1607308": "Henry Thomas (1874\u20131930?) was an American country blues singer, songster and musician. Despite a brief recording career in the late 1920s, Thomas influenced performers including Bob Dylan, Taj Mahal, The Lovin' Spoonful, The Grateful Dead, and Canned Heat. Often billed as \"Ragtime Texas\", Thomas's style is an early example of what later became known as Texas blues guitar.", "Q104139": "Wilhelm Holzamer (born in Nieder-Olm, Rhenish Hesse, 28 March 1870; died in Berlin, 28 August 1907) was a German novelist and short-story writer.", "Q1764687": "Snowflake, the White Gorilla (Spanish: Copito de Nieve) is a Spanish direct-to-video live action/computer-animated adventure film directed by Andr\u00e9s G. Schaer. The film depicts the fictional childhood of the white gorilla Snowflake.\nIn United States, the film was released on September 1, 2013 (2013-09-01). The English dub of the film stars David Spade, Ariana Grande, Jennette McCurdy, Nathan Kress, Dallas Lovato, Keith David, and Christopher Lloyd. It was produced by Grindstone Entertainment Group and distributed by Lionsgate Home Entertainment", "Q76541": "Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain (14 December 1911 \u2013 13 March 1998) was a German physicist, and the designer of the first operational jet engine. His first design ran in March 1937, and it was one of his engines that powered the world's first flyable all-jet aircraft, the prototype of the Heinkel He 178 (He 178 V1) in late August 1939. In spite of these early successes, other German designs quickly eclipsed Ohain's, and none of his engine designs entered widespread production or operational use.\nOhain started to develop his first turbojet engine designs independently during the same period that Frank Whittle was working on his own similar designs in Britain, and their turbojet designs are said by some to be an example of simultaneous invention. However, Frank Whittle was already working on his design in the late 1920s and openly patented the design in 1930, a full seven years before Ohain's design ran. Ohain's first jet engine, the Heinkel HeS 1, ran successfully in April 1937, the same month that Whittle's first engine, the Power Jets WU First Model, also ran successfully. Ohain's jet engine was the first to fly operationally within the Heinkel He 178 aircraft in 1939, which was followed by Whittle's engine with-in the Gloster E.28/39 in 1941. Operational jet fighter aircraft from both Germany and Britain entered operational use virtually simultaneously in July, 1944. After the war the two men met and became friends.", "Q4506116": "Seiji Tsutsumi (\u5824 \u6e05\u4e8c, Tsutsumi Seiji, March 30, 1927 \u2212 November 25, 2013) was a Japanese businessperson, author and poet, also known by the pen names Takashi Tsujii (\u8fbb\u4e95 \u55ac, Tsujii Takashi) and Ikuo Yokose (\u6a2a\u702c \u90c1\u592b, Yokose Ikuo).", "Q220751": "Bryan Jay Singer (born September 17, 1965) is an American director, producer and writer of film and television. He is the founder of Bad Hat Harry Productions and has produced or co-produced almost all of the films he has directed.\nAfter graduating from the University of Southern California, Singer directed his first short film, Lion's Den (1988). On the basis of that film, he received financing for his next film, Public Access (1993), which was a co-winner of the Grand Jury Prize at the 1993 Sundance Film Festival. In the mid-1990s, Singer received critical acclaim for directing the neo-noir crime thriller The Usual Suspects (1995), which starred Gabriel Byrne, Kevin Spacey, Stephen Baldwin, and Benicio del Toro. He followed this with another thriller, Apt Pupil (1998), an adaptation of a Stephen King novella about a boy's fascination with a Nazi war criminal. In the 2000s, he became known for big budget superhero films such as X-Men (2000), for which Singer won the 2000 Saturn Award for Best Direction, its sequel X2 (2003), and Superman Returns (2006). He then directed the World War II historical thriller Valkyrie (2008), co-wrote/co-produced X-Men: First Class (2011), and directed the fantasy adventure film Jack the Giant Slayer (2013), as well as two more X-Men films, X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014) and X-Men: Apocalypse (2016). Singer also directed the Queen biographical film Bohemian Rhapsody (2018), although he was fired from the film shortly before its completion.\nSince 1997, a number of boys and men have alleged that Singer sexually assaulted them as minors. Singer has denied all of the allegations. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts removed Singer's name from Bohemian Rhapsody's 2019 nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film because of the allegations against him.", "Q1606016": "Stanislas-Henri Rouart (2 October 1833, Paris \u2014 2 January 1912, Paris) was a French industrialist, impressionist painter, and art collector. His son Ernest married the painter Julie Manet.", "Q66752": "Wila is a municipality in the district of Pf\u00e4ffikon in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q210692": "A Just Russia (Russian: \u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f, \u0421\u0420, Spravedlivaya Rossiya, SR), also translated as Fair Russia or A Fair and Just Russia, is a social-democratic political party in Russia.\nThe party was formed on 28 October 2006 as a merger of the left-wing of Rodina, the Russian Party of Life and the Russian Pensioners' Party. Later, six further minor parties joined. It calls for a \"New Socialism of the 21st Century\" which guarantees the rights and freedoms of the individual and ensures the proper functioning of a welfare state. In 2011, Nikolai Levichev was elected as party chairman, succeeding Sergey Mironov who led the party in 2006\u20132011. On 27 October 2013, Mironov was re-elected as party chairman.A Just Russia currently holds 23 of the 450 seats in the State Duma. It is widely considered to be a sub-party under United Russia, the ruling political party of Russia, as it is one of the only few other parties that can currently participate in national-level elections in the Russian Federation.\n\n", "Q201947": "Aosd\u00e1na (; from Irish aos d\u00e1na [i\u02d0s\u02e0 \u02c8d\u032a\u02e0\u0251\u02d0n\u02e0\u0259] \"people of the arts\") is an Irish association of artists. It was created in 1981 on the initiative of a group of writers with support from the Arts Council of Ireland. Membership, which is by invitation from current members, is limited to 250 individuals; before 2005 it was limited to 200. Its governing body is called the Toscaireacht.", "Q349095": "Saeed Hajjarian (Persian: \u0633\u0639\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200e, born 1954) is an Iranian reformist political strategist, journalist, pro-democracy activist and former intelligence officer. He was a member of Tehran's city council, and advisor to president Mohammad Khatami. On 12 March 2000, he was shot in the face by an assailant and severely disabled, an act many Iranians believe was in retaliation for his help in uncovering the chain murders of Iran and his significant help to the Iranian reform movement in general, according to the BBC.\n\n", "Q5126318": "Claremont McKenna College (CMC) is a private liberal arts college in Claremont, California. It has a curricular emphasis on economics, finance, international relations, government and public affairs. CMC is a member of the Claremont Colleges consortium.\nFounded as a men's college in 1946, CMC became coeducational in 1976. The college focuses primarily on undergraduate education, but in 2007 it established the Robert Day School of Economics and Finance, which offers a master's program in finance. CMC is known for its conservative political orientation relative to comparable liberal arts colleges. As of 2016, there are 1,344 undergraduate students and postgraduate students.", "Q223258": "Bohuslav Jan Martin\u016f (Czech: [\u02c8bo\u0266uslaf \u02c8marc\u026anu\u02d0] (listen); December 8, 1890 \u2013 August 28, 1959) was a Czech composer of modern classical music. He wrote 6 symphonies, 15 operas, 14 ballet scores and a large body of orchestral, chamber, vocal and instrumental works. He became a violinist in the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, and briefly studied under Czech composer and violinist Josef Suk. After leaving Czechoslovakia in 1923 for Paris, Martin\u016f deliberately withdrew from the Romantic style in which he had been trained. During the 1930s he experimented with expressionism and constructivism, and became an admirer of current European technical developments, exemplified by his orchestral works Half-time and La Bagarre. He also adopted jazz idioms, for instance in his Kitchen Revue (Kuchy\u0148sk\u00e1 revue).\nIn the early 1930s he found his main fount for compositional style: neoclassicism as developed by Stravinsky. He became prolific, quickly composing chamber, orchestral, choral and instrumental works. His Concerto Grosso and the Double Concerto for Two String Orchestras, Piano and Timpani are among his best-known works from this period. Among his operas, Juliette and The Greek Passion are considered the finest. He is compared with Prokofiev and Bart\u00f3k in his innovative incorporation of Central European ethnomusicology into his music. He continued using Bohemian and Moravian folk melodies throughout his oeuvre, for instance in The Opening of the Springs (Otv\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed stud\u00e1nek).\nHis symphonic career began when he emigrated to the United States in 1941, fleeing the German invasion of France. His six symphonies were performed by all the major US orchestras. Eventually Martin\u016f returned to live in Europe for two years starting in 1953, then was back in New York until returning to Europe for good in May 1956. He died in Switzerland in August 1959.\n\n", "Q1700315": "John Harold Johnson (January 19, 1918 \u2013 August 8, 2005) was an American businessman and publisher. Johnson was the founder of the Johnson Publishing Company which is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Johnson's Ebony (1945) and Jet (1951\u20132014) magazines are among the most influential African-American businesses in media beginning in the second half of the twentieth century. In 1982, Johnson became the first African American to appear on the Forbes 400. In 1987, Johnson was named Black Enterprise Entrepreneur of the year.", "Q32303": "The Hunt (Danish: Jagten) is a 2012 Danish drama film directed by Thomas Vinterberg and starring Mads Mikkelsen. The story is set in a small Danish village around Christmas, and follows a man who becomes the target of mass hysteria after being wrongly accused of sexually abusing a child in his kindergarten class.The film was screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and competed at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival where Mikkelsen won the Best Actor Award for his role. It also won the 2013 Nordic Council Film Prize. The film was selected as the Danish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards, making the final nomination. It was nominated in the same category at the 2013 Golden Globe Awards.\n\n", "Q1699050": "John Albyne Burbank (July 23, 1827 \u2013 December 17, 1905) was an American businessman and the fourth Governor of Dakota Territory.", "Q156119": "Ludwigslust (German pronunciation: [lu\u02d0tv\u026a\u00e7s\u02c8l\u028ast]) is a central castle town of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, 40 km south of Schwerin. Since 2011 it is part of the Ludwigslust-Parchim district.\nLudwigslust is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. The former royal residential town is known for its rich heritage, especially the famed Ludwigslust Palace, known as Versailles of the North.", "Q74356": "Anton Emil Hermann Saefkow (22 July 1903 \u2013 18 September 1944) was a German Communist and a resistance fighter against the National Socialist r\u00e9gime.", "Q64145": "Johann Heinrich Gottlob von Justi (28 December 1717 \u2013 21 July 1771) was one of the leading German political economists in the 18th century.\n\n", "Q502967": "Art of Noise (also The Art of Noise) were an English avant-garde synth-pop group formed in early 1983 by engineer/producer Gary Langan and programmer J. J. Jeczalik, along with arranger Anne Dudley, producer Trevor Horn and music journalist Paul Morley. The group had international Top 20 hits with \"Kiss\" and the instrumental \"Peter Gunn\", which won a 1986 Grammy Award.\nThe group's mostly instrumental compositions were novel melodic sound collages based on digital sampler technology, which was new at the time. Inspired by turn-of-the-20th-century revolutions in music, the Art of Noise were initially packaged as a faceless anti- or non-group, blurring the distinction between the art and its creators. The band is noted for innovative use of electronics and computers in pop music and particularly for innovative use of sampling.\nFrom the earliest releases on ZTT, the band referred to itself as both Art of Noise and The Art of Noise. Official and unofficial releases and press material use both versions.", "Q225629": "Leo Watson (February 27, 1898 \u2013 May 2, 1950) was an American jazz vocalese singer, drummer, trombonist and tiple player born in Kansas City, Missouri, probably best remembered as a member of The Spirits of Rhythm small group, which included guitarist Teddy Bunn. Watson also worked briefly with a variety of big bands, including those of Gene Krupa, Artie Shaw and Jimmy Mundy.\nWatson also provided the (uncredited) voice for Prince Chawmin' in the cartoon Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs (directed by Bob Clampett, 1943), one of the racially objectionable Censored Eleven; primary voice artist Mel Blanc's contract only allowed for his solo credit. In a 1969 Funnyworld interview conducted by Michael Barrier and Milton Gray, Bob Clampett recalled Watson's name erroneously as Zoot Watson; thus, Leo Watson himself went uncredited for his work in the cartoon for almost forty more years. Finally, Australian voice artist and animation historian Keith Scott discovered his name correctly in the Warner Bros. Archives.", "Q1625817": "James Richard Cross, CMG (born 29 September 1921) is an Irish-born British former diplomat in Canada who was kidnapped by Front de lib\u00e9ration du Qu\u00e9bec (FLQ) terrorists during the October Crisis of October 1970.Born in Ireland and known by his friends as \"Jasper\" during World War II, Cross served with the British Army and fought for the liberation of France. In 1944, he was commissioned into the Royal Engineers Movement Control Section. After the war he joined the diplomatic service and eventually served as a Trade Commissioner in Canada; Halifax, Nova Scotia; Winnipeg, Manitoba; and Kuala Lumpur, before becoming senior Trade Commissioner in Montreal, Quebec.\nCross went on to serve as Under-Secretary in various divisions of Britain's Department of Trade and Industry and Department of Energy. In 1971, he was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG).", "Q437710": "Mar\u00eda Isabel Preysler Arrast\u00eda (born February 18, 1951) is a Filipina socialite and television host. She is the mother of singers Enrique Iglesias, Julio Iglesias Jr., and journalist Chabeli Iglesias.", "Q117145": "Albert Jakob Welti (October 11, 1894 \u2013 December 5, 1965) was a Swiss writer and painter.", "Q118276": "Fridolin Anderwert (19 September 1828, Frauenfeld \u2013 25 December 1880) was a Swiss politician.\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 10 December 1875 and was member of the Council until 25 December 1880. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland. \nDuring his office time he held the Department of Justice and Police and was Vice-President of the Swiss Confederation in 1880. \nOn 7 December 1880 he was elected President of the Swiss Confederation for the year 1881. Immediately after the election a nasty campaign against him broke out in the press, in particular about the eating habits of the obese bachelor, but also rumors that he was a regular visitor in gay brothels. Drawn by physical exhaustion and severe depression, Anderwert committed suicide on Christmas Day 1880 on the \"Kleine Schanze\", a small park next to the Houses of Parliament. The only published sentence of his farewell letter states: \"They want a victim, they shall have it.\"", "Q107356": "Inge Deutschkron (born 23 August 1922) is a German-Israeli journalist and author.", "Q461556": "Joanna Gra\u017cyna Kluzik-Rostkowska (born December 14, 1963) is a Polish politician and member of the Sejm for Civic Platform. She was elected for Law and Justice in 2007, but led a breakaway group in 2010 to form the more liberal Poland Comes First, of which she was leader. She resigned from the party in June 2011, joining Civic Platform following rumors. In November 2013, following a cabinet reshuffle by Prime Minister Donald Tusk, Kluzik-Rostkowska was appointed to head the Ministry of National Education.", "Q4169040": "Duan Yongping (Chinese: \u6bb5\u6c38\u5e73; pinyin: Du\u00e0n Y\u01d2ngp\u00edng; born 1961) is a Chinese entrepreneur, electrical engineer, and philanthropist. He is the founder of both the Subor Electronics Industry Corporation (also the former CEO) and BBK Electronics Group (also the current Chairman). Duan's net worth was estimated at $1.5 billion, according to the 2018 Hurun China Rich List. In mainland China, he is regarded as an innovative and inspiring business figure.\n\n", "Q1883439": "Madoc, also spelled Madog, ab Owain Gwynedd was, according to folklore, a Welsh prince who sailed to America in 1170, over three hundred years before Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492. According to the story, he was a son of Owain Gwynedd, and took to the sea to flee internecine violence at home. The \"Madoc story\" legend evidently evolved out of a medieval tradition about a Welsh hero's sea voyage, to which only allusions survive. However, it attained its greatest prominence during the Elizabethan era, when English and Welsh writers wrote of the claim that Madoc had come to the Americas as an assertion of prior discovery, and hence legal possession, of North America by the Kingdom of England.The \"Madoc story\" remained popular in later centuries, and a later development asserted that Madoc's voyagers had intermarried with local Native Americans, and that their Welsh-speaking descendants still live somewhere in the United States. These \"Welsh Indians\" were credited with the construction of a number of landmarks throughout the Midwestern United States, and a number of white travelers were inspired to go look for them. The \"Madoc story\" has been the subject of much speculation in the context of possible pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact. No conclusive archaeological proof of such a man or his voyages has been found in the New or Old World; however, speculation abounds connecting him with certain sites, such as Devil's Backbone, located on the Ohio River at Fourteen Mile Creek near Louisville, Kentucky.", "Q2475262": "Ahmad ibn 'Abdallah Habash Hasib Marwazi (766 - d. after 869 in Samarra, Iraq ) was a Persian astronomer, geographer, and mathematician from Merv in Khorasan who for the first time described the trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent and cotangent.\nHe flourished in Baghdad, and died a centenarian after 869. He worked under the Abbasid caliphs al-Ma'mun and al-Mu'tasim.", "Q329007": "Comedian Harmonists (English title: The Harmonists) is a 1997 German film, directed by Joseph Vilsmaier, about the popular German vocal group the Comedian Harmonists of the 1920s and 1930s. The film was supported by the German and Austrian film fund.", "Q120931": "Muay Thai (Thai: \u0e21\u0e27\u0e22\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22, RTGS: muai thai, pronounced [m\u016ba\u032fj t\u02b0\u0101j] (listen)), or literally 'Thai boxing', is a combat sport of Thailand that uses stand-up striking along with various clinching techniques. This discipline is known as the \"art of eight limbs\" as it is characterized by the combined use of fists, elbows, knees, and shins. Muay Thai became widespread internationally in the late-20th to 21st century, when Westernized practitioners from Thailand began competing in kickboxing and mixed rules matches as well as matches under muay Thai rules around the world. The professional league is governed by The Professional Boxing Association of Thailand (P.A.T), sanctioned by The Sports Authority of Thailand (SAT), and the World Professional Muaythai Federation (WMF) overseas.\nMuay Thai is similar to related styles in other parts of the Indian cultural sphere, namely Lethwei in Myanmar, Pradal Serey in Cambodia, Muay Lao in Laos and Tomoi in Malaysia.", "Q166964": "Antti Jokinen (born 26 April 1968) is a Finnish music video and film director, as well as a former college basketball player.\n\n", "Q178582": "Wels (German pronunciation: [v\u025bls]; Central Bavarian: W\u00f6s) is a city in Upper Austria, on the Traun River near Linz. It is the county seat of Wels-Land, and with a population of approximately 60,000, the eighth largest city in Austria.", "Q42182": "Buckingham Palace (UK: ) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarchy of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.\nOriginally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as The Queen's House. During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.\nThe last major structural additions were made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the East Front, which contains the well-known balcony on which the royal family traditionally congregates to greet crowds. A German bomb destroyed the palace chapel during World War II; the Queen's Gallery was built on the site and opened to the public in 1962 to exhibit works of art from the Royal Collection.\nThe original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle \u00c9poque cream and gold colour scheme. Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House. The palace has 775 rooms, and the garden is the largest private garden in London. The state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September and on some days in winter and spring.", "Q204181": "The University of Tartu (UT; Estonian: Tartu \u00dclikool, Latin: Universitas Tartuensis) is a university in the city of Tartu in Estonia. It is the national university of Estonia, and the only classical university in the country, and also the biggest and most prestigious university in Estonia. It was founded under the name of Academia Gustaviana in 1632 by Baron Johan Skytte, the Governor- General (1629\u20131634) of Swedish Livonia, Ingria and Karelia, with the required ratification provided by his long-time friend and former student \u2013 from age 7 \u2013, King Gustavus Adolphus, shortly before the king's death on 6 November in the Battle of L\u00fctzen (1632), during the Thirty Years' War (1618\u20131648).\nNearly 14,000 students are at the university, of whom over 1,300 are foreign students. The language of instruction in most curricula is Estonian, some more notable exceptions are taught in English, such as semiotics, applied measurement science, computer science, information technology law, and European Union \u2013 Russia studies.The historical buildings of the university are included in the European Heritage Label list as \"embodiment of the ideas of a university in the Age of Enlightenment\". The university is a member of the Coimbra Group and the Utrecht Network.\n\n", "Q514863": "Andrzej Bobola Czuma [\u02c8and\u0290\u025bj \u02c8t\u0361\u0282uma] (listen) (born 7 December 1938 in Lublin) is a Polish politician, lawyer and historian. He was an activist of the Polish anti-Communist opposition in the Polish People's Republic and was oppressed and imprisoned by the Communist authorities. In the 1980s he left for the USA where he became an activist in the community of Polish expats. Since 2006, Czuma has been a member of the Polish Parliament as a representative of the Civic Platform political party.\nHe studied law at Warsaw University. He was one of the founders of Ruch - an anti-Communist organisation aiming at making Poland a democratic country and was imprisoned by the Communist authorities. In June 1970, he was sentenced to 7 years' imprisonment for \"an attempt to overthrow the Communist government by force\". He was a spokesperson for and one of the leaders of the Movement for Defense of Human and Civic Rights (Ruch Obrony Praw Cz\u0142owieka i Obywatela, ROPCiO) as well as an editor of Opinia magazine. He was sentenced to 3 months' imprisonment in March 1980 for organising a celebration of Independence Day in front of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Warsaw on 11 November 1979. After the nationwide anti-Communist protests in August 1980 he became an advisor to the Solidarity movement in Silesia region as well as the publisher and editor of Wiadomo\u015bci Katowickie magazine. He was imprisoned from 12 December 1981 to 23 December 1982 in internment camps in Bia\u0142o\u0142\u0119ka, Jaworze and Dar\u0142\u00f3wko.\nIn 1986 he moved to Chicago as a political refugee, where during the first two years he worked as a house painter and factory worker. In 1988 Czuma started to host his own radio show broadcast in the Chicago region first on WNVR 1030 AM and next on WPNA 1490 AM and was considered a prominent leader of Chicago's Polonia.\nOn 12 December 2006, he was sworn in as a member of the Polish Parliament. He was reelected in the next election on 21 October 2007. Czuma was the Minister of Justice from 23 January to 7 October 2009.Czuma was awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta by President Kazimierz Sabbat and the Commander's Cross with Star of Polonia Restituta by the Polish President Lech Kaczy\u0144ski.", "Q101727": "Otto Depenheuer (born 1953 in Bonn) is a German law professor and organist.\nDepenheuer studied law in Bonn, where he attained his doctorate in 1985 and his habilitation in 1992. After teaching law in M\u00fcnster and Halle/Saale, Depenheuer was appointed to the chair for public law and philosophy of law at the University of Mannheim in 1993. In 1999 he assumed the chair for constitutional law, public law and philosophy of law at the University of Cologne.As a musician, Depenheuer was awarded the \"Diplome de Concert\" in 1986 at the Schola Cantorum in Paris. He has performed at organ concerts in Germany and at Notre Dame de Paris, Jerusalem, New York City, Singapore and Cracow. He has also edited numerous organ sonatas.Depenheuer's works have become a matter of public interest in Germany after the conservative German Minister of the Interior, Wolfgang Sch\u00e4uble, recommended the lecture of Depenheuer's book Selbstbehauptung des Rechtsstaates (English: Self-assertion of the constitutional state) in a 2007 interview. According to a critical review of the book by Gunter Hofmann, the book is centered on the necessity of the state to defend itself in a \"global civil war\" in the \"age of terrorism\", and refers to the U.S.'s Guantanamo Bay detention camp as a \"legally permissible response in the fight of constitutional civilisation against the barbarity of terrorism\". Depenheuer's critics accuse him of promoting the anti-liberal thought of authoritarian theorist Carl Schmitt, who is liberally cited in the book, and of perceiving terrorism as a faceless evil to which state-organised violence is the sole appropriate response. In his defence, Depenheuer stated in an interview that \"enemy and victim are fundamental categories of politics\" and referred to \"some of the constitution's numerous exegetes\", who disagree with him, as a \"security risk\".Since 2015 Depenheuer is workstream leader for the AMU (Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine), where he contributes his expertise in law.\n\n", "Q181899": "Clifford Parker Robertson III (September 9, 1923 \u2013 September 10, 2011) was an American actor with a film and television career that spanned half a century. Robertson portrayed a young John F. Kennedy in the 1963 film PT 109, and won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in the film Charly. On television, he portrayed retired astronaut Buzz Aldrin in the 1976 adaptation of Aldrin's autobiographic Return to Earth, played a fictional character based on Director of Central Intelligence Richard Helms in the 1977 miniseries Washington: Behind Closed Doors, and portrayed Henry Ford in the 1987 Ford: The Man and the Machine. His last well-known film appearances were from 2002\u20132007 as Uncle Ben in the Spider-Man film trilogy.\n\n", "Q66034": "Peist is a former municipality in the district of Plessur in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Peist, Calfreisen, Castiel, Langwies, L\u00fcen, Molinis and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.", "Q71548": "Alfred Neumann (15 October 1895 \u2013 3 October 1952) was a German writer of novels, stories, poems, plays, and films, as well as a translator into German. \nNeumann was born in Lautenburg, Germany (Poland). He was a recipient of the Kleist Prize in 1926 and his writings were banned during the Third Reich. He became a US citizen after moving to Los Angeles in 1941 where he stayed until 1949. His work as a screenwriter included Conflict, None Shall Escape, and The Return of Monte Cristo. Other films, like the French La Trag\u00e9die imp\u00e9riale (1938), were based on his novels and stories. Neumann produced the first successful stage adaptation of War and Peace in 1942. He died in Lugano, Switzerland, aged 56. \nBooks published (incomplete list): \n\nLife of Christina of Sweden\nMan of December\nMirror of fools\nNew Caesar\nThe friends of the people\nSix of them", "Q83906": "Basil Konstantine Poledouris (; August 21, 1945 \u2013 November 8, 2006) was a Greek-American composer, conductor, and orchestrator of film and television scores, best known for his long-running collaborations with directors John Milius and Paul Verhoeven. Among his works are scores for the films Conan the Barbarian (1982), Red Dawn (1984), Iron Eagle (1986), RoboCop (1987), The Hunt for Red October (1990), Free Willy (1993), Starship Troopers (1997) and Les Miserables (1998). Poledouris won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Limited Series, Movie, or Special for his work on the four-part miniseries Lonesome Dove in 1989, and was a four-time recipient of the BMI Film Music Award.", "Q76227": "Hamengkubuwono IX or HB IX; 12 April 1912 \u2013 2 October 1988) was an Indonesian politician and royalty who was the second vice president of Indonesia, the ninth sultan of Yogyakarta, and the first governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta.\n\n", "Q79114": "Emil Fey (23 March 1886 \u2013 16 March 1938) was an officer in the Austro-Hungarian Army, leader of the right-wing paramilitary Heimwehr forces and politician of the First Austrian Republic. He served as Vice-Chancellor of Austria (German: Vizekanzler) from 1933 to 1934, leading the country into the period of Austrofascism under Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss. Fey played a vital role in the violent suppression of the Republikanischer Schutzbund and the Social Democratic Workers' Party during the 1934 Austrian Civil War.", "Q746637": "Derek Forbes (born 22 June 1956) is a Scottish bassist, vocalist, and occasional guitarist. He was a member of the Scottish band Simple Minds from 1978, recording their early demos, until shortly after their 1985 hit, \"Don't You (Forget About Me)\".", "Q324523": "The Las Vegas Raiders are a professional American football team based in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The Raiders compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) West division. Founded on January 30, 1960, they played their first regular season game on September 11, 1960, as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL) which merged with the NFL in 1970. The Raiders will play their home games at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada in 2020.\nOriginally based in Oakland, California, the team departed Oakland to play in Los Angeles from the 1982 season through the 1994 season before returning to Oakland at the start of the 1995 season. On March 27, 2017, NFL team owners voted nearly unanimously to approve the Raiders' application to relocate to Las Vegas. Nearly three years later, on January 22, 2020, the Raiders officially moved to Las Vegas.The Raiders' off-field fortunes have varied considerably over the years. The team's first three years of operation (1960\u20131962) were marred by poor on-field performance, financial difficulties, and spotty attendance. In 1963, however, the Raiders' fortunes improved dramatically with the introduction of head coach (and eventual owner) Al Davis. In 1967, after several years of improvement, the Raiders reached the postseason for the first time. The team would go on to win its first (and only) AFL Championship that year; in doing so, the Raiders advanced to Super Bowl II, where they were soundly defeated by the Green Bay Packers. Since 1963, the team has won 15 division titles (3 AFL and 12 NFL), 4 AFC Championships (1976, 1980, 1983, and 2002), 1 AFL Championship (1967), and 3 Super Bowl Championships (XI, XV, and XVIII). At the end of the NFL's 2019 season, the Raiders have an all-time regular season record of 473 wins, 432 losses, and 11 ties; their all-time playoff record currently stands at 25 wins and 19 losses.Al Davis owned the team from 1972 until his death in 2011. Control of the franchise was then given to Al's son Mark Davis. The Raiders are known for their extensive fan base and distinctive team culture. The Raiders have 14 former members who have been enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. They have previously played at Kezar Stadium and Candlestick Park in San Francisco, Frank Youell Field and Oakland Coliseum in Oakland, and the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles.", "Q190994": "Mary Elizabeth \"Sissy\" Spacek (; born December 25, 1949) is an American actress and singer. She is the recipient of various accolades including an Academy Award, three Golden Globe Awards, two Critics' Choice Movie Awards, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and nominations for four BAFTA Awards, three Primetime Emmy Awards, and a Grammy Award. She has also received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.\nBorn and raised in Texas, Spacek initially aspired to a career as a singer. In 1968, using the name \"Rainbo\", she recorded a single, \"John, You Went Too Far This Time\". Sales of her music sputtered, however, and she was dropped from her record label. She subsequently switched her focus to acting, enrolling at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute. Spacek began her professional acting career in the early 1970s, making her debut with a minor role in Andy Warhol's Women in Revolt (1971) and received attention for her role as Holly Sargis in Terrence Malick's Badlands (1973).\nSpacek rose to prominence with her portrayal of Carrie White in Brian De Palma's Carrie (1976), for which she received her first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Following her appearances in the acclaimed films Welcome to L.A. (1976) and Robert Altman's 3 Women (1977), she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Loretta Lynn in the biographical musical Coal Miner's Daughter (1980). Her other Oscar-nominated roles include Missing (1982), The River (1984), Crimes of the Heart (1986) and In the Bedroom (2001). Spacek also appeared in the films Raggedy Man (1981), JFK (1991), Affliction (1997), The Straight Story (1999), Tuck Everlasting (2002), Nine Lives (2005), North Country (2005), Four Christmases (2008), Get Low (2010), The Help (2011), and The Old Man & the Gun (2018).\nOn television, Spacek received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for the television films The Good Old Boys (1995) and Last Call (2002), and the HBO drama series Big Love (2011). She portrayed matriarch Sally Rayburn on the Netflix drama thriller series Bloodline (2015\u20132017), Ruth Deaver on the Hulu psychological horror series Castle Rock (2018), and Ellen Bergman on the Prime Video psychological thriller series Homecoming (2018).\nAs a singer, Spacek sang all of Loretta Lynn's songs for the soundtrack album of Coal Miner's Daughter, which garnered her a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance. She also released a debut studio album, Hangin' Up My Heart (1983), which was critically well received and peaked at no. 17 on Billboard Top Country Albums.", "Q433576": "Annie M. Sprinkle (born Ellen F. Steinberg on July 23, 1954) is an American certified sexologist, sex educator, former sex worker, feminist stripper, pornographic actress, cable television host, porn magazine editor, writer, sex film producer, and sex-positive feminist. She received a BFA in photography from the School of Visual Arts in 1986 and, in 1992, she earned a doctorate (Ph.D.) in Human Sexuality from the Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality in San Francisco. Currently, Sprinkle works as a performance artist, visual artist, filmmaker, author, and sex educator. Sprinkle, who describes herself as ecosexual married her long-time partner, Beth Stephens, in Canada on January 14, 2007.", "Q24895714": "Laura Pauline Veirs (born October 24, 1973) is an American singer-songwriter based out of Portland, Oregon. She is known for her folk/alternative country records and live performances as well as her collaboration with Neko Case and k.d. lang on the case/lang/veirs project. Veirs has written a children's book and hosts a podcast about juggling parenting and performing.", "Q113323": "Salomon Wininger (13 December 1877, Gura Humorului, Bukovina \u2013 December 1968, in Ramat Gan, Israel) was an Austrian-Jewish biographer.\nBefore World War I, Wininger lived in Chernivtsi and moved to Vienna during the war years, where he decided to write biographies of famous Jews. This idea was pushed in order to counter the self-hating mood of Jewish youth in the city, created under the influence of Otto Weininger's works.\nAfter his return to Chernivtsi in 1921, Shlomo Wininger wrote about 13,000 biographies and published them in seven volumes between 1925 and 1936. He survived the time of World War II in Chernivtsi and emigrated in 1951 to Israel.\nWininger is considered as one of the greatest Jewish biographers of all time.", "Q125849": "\u00c9velyne Brochu (born November 17, 1983) is a Canadian actress. In 2013, she became well known for her English-speaking role as Delphine Cormier, a French scientist on the hit Canadian science fiction thriller TV series Orphan Black.", "Q68019": "Saint-Sulpice is a municipality in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Ouest Lausannois. It is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.", "Q229775": "Bryce Dallas Howard (born March 2, 1981) is an American actress and filmmaker. She is the eldest daughter of actor and director Ron Howard. She attended New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, but left before graduating to take on roles on Broadway. \nWhile appearing in a 2003 production of As You Like It, Howard caught the attention of director M. Night Shyamalan, who cast her in the psychological thriller The Village (2004). It proved to be her breakout role and she subsequently starred in the title role of Shyamalan's fantasy thriller Lady in the Water (2006). Her performance in Kenneth Branagh's As You Like It (2006) earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination, and she appeared as Gwen Stacy in Sam Raimi's superhero film Spider-Man 3 (2007). Howard went on to appear in the action film Terminator Salvation (2009) and the fantasy film The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010), both of which were financially successful but garnered mixed reviews from critics. Howard had supporting roles in the acclaimed 2011 comedy-dramas 50/50 and The Help. She gained wider recognition for starring as Claire Dearing in the adventure film Jurassic World (2015) and its sequel Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018), which rank as her most financially successful films. She also had a starring role in the adventure film Pete's Dragon (2016) and a supporting role in the Elton John biopic Rocketman (2019).\nHoward's directorial ventures include the television drama film Call Me Crazy: A Five Film (2013), the documentary Dads (2019), and an episode of the Disney+ series The Mandalorian (2019). She is married to the actor Seth Gabel, with whom she has two children.", "Q61983": "Jessica Elizabeth Sanchez (born August 4, 1995) is an American singer-songwriter. She rose to prominence following her finish as the runner-up on the eleventh season of American Idol.\n\n", "Q192173": "The Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia (Georgian: \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0, translit.: sakartvelos samotsikulo avt'ok'epaluri martlmadidebeli ek'lesia), commonly known as the Georgian Orthodox Church or the Orthodox Church of Georgia, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church in full communion with the other churches of Eastern Orthodoxy. It is Georgia's dominant religious institution, and a majority of Georgian people are members. The Orthodox Church of Georgia is one of the oldest churches in the world. It asserts apostolic foundation, and its historical roots must be traced to the early and late Christianization of Iberia and Colchis by Saint Andrew in the 1st century AD and by Saint Nino in the 4th century AD, respectively.\nAs in similar autocephalous Orthodox churches, the Church's highest governing body is the Holy Synod of bishops. The church is headed by the Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, currently Ilia II, who was elected in 1977.\nOrthodox Christianity was the state religion throughout most of Georgia's history until 1921, when it was conquered by the Russian Red Army during the Russian-Georgian War and became part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.). The current Constitution of Georgia recognizes the special role of the Georgian Orthodox Church in the country's history, but also stipulates the independence of the church from the state. Government relations are further defined and regulated by the Concordat of 2002.\nThe church is the most trusted institution in Georgia. According to a 2013 survey 95% respondents had a favorable opinion of its work. It is highly influential in the public sphere and is considered Georgia's most influential institution.", "Q131814": "Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939) is a singer and actress, originally from the United States but now a Swiss citizen. Turner rose to prominence as part of the Ike & Tina Turner Revue before launching a successful career as a solo performer. One of the best-selling recording artists of all time, she has been referred to as The Queen of Rock 'n' Roll and has sold more than 200 million records worldwide. Turner is noted for her energetic stage presence, powerful vocals, and career longevity.\nTurner began her career in 1958 as a featured singer with Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm, recording under the name \"Little Ann\" on \"Boxtop\". Her introduction to the public as Tina Turner began with the hit single \"A Fool in Love\" (1960), released by the Ike & Tina Turner Revue. She married Ike Turner in 1962. Success followed with a string of notable hits, including \"River Deep \u2013 Mountain High\" (1966), the Grammy-winning \"Proud Mary\" (1971), and \"Nutbush City Limits\" (1973). Raised a Baptist, she became an adherent of Nichiren Buddhism in 1973, crediting the spiritual chant of Nam Myoho Renge Kyo with helping her to endure during difficult times. Turner separated from Ike Turner in 1976, ending both their personal relationship and their musical partnership; the couple divorced in 1978. In her autobiography, I, Tina: My Life Story (1986), Turner revealed that Ike Turner had subjected her to domestic violence.\nIn the 1980s, Turner launched a major comeback as a solo artist. The 1983 single \"Let's Stay Together\" was followed by the release of her fifth solo album, Private Dancer (1984), which became a worldwide success. The album contained the hit song \"What's Love Got to Do with It\" (1984). Turner won the Grammy Award for Record Of The Year for the single, and it became her first (and only) No. 1 hit in the United States. Turner's solo success continued throughout the 1980s and 1990s with multi-platinum albums and hit singles. Her U.S. Top 10 hits from this period include \"Better Be Good to Me\" (1984), \"Private Dancer\" (1984), \"We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome)\" (1985), \"Typical Male\" (1986), and \"I Don't Wanna Fight\" (1993). In 1993, What's Love Got to Do with It, a biographical film adapted from Turner's autobiography, was released along with an accompanying soundtrack album. Turner also achieved success as an actress in films such as the 1975 rock musical Tommy, the 1985 action film Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome, and the 1993 film Last Action Hero.\nTurner has won 12 Grammy Awards; those awards include eight competitive awards, three Grammy Hall of Fame awards, and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Rolling Stone ranked Turner 63rd on its list of the 100 greatest artists of all time and 17th on its list of the 100 greatest singers of all time. Turner has her own stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and on the St. Louis Walk of Fame. She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Ike Turner in 1991 and is a 2005 recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors.", "Q156657": "Anna of Austria (2 November 1549 \u2013 26 October 1580) was Queen of Spain by marriage to her uncle, King Philip II of Spain.", "Q938082": "Aldwyn Roberts HBM DA (18 April 1922 \u2013 11 February 2000), better known by the stage name Lord Kitchener (or \"Kitch\"), was an internationally known Trinidadian calypsonian. He has been described as \"the grand master of calypso\" and \"the greatest calypsonian of the post-war age\".", "Q505946": "James Forbes Chapin ( CHAY-pin) (July 23, 1919 \u2013 July 4, 2009) was an American jazz drummer and the author of books about jazz drumming. He was the author of several albums (later converted to CDs) on jazz drumming, as well as 2 CDs entitled Jim Chapin: Songs, Solos, Stories (Vols. 1 and 2). He was posthumously inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2011.", "Q129083": "The Lusty Men is a 1952 western film made by Wald-Krasna productions and RKO Radio Pictures. The film stars Susan Hayward, Robert Mitchum, Arthur Kennedy, and Arthur Hunnicutt. It was directed by Nicholas Ray and produced by Jerry Wald and Norman Krasna from a screenplay by David Dortort, Horace McCoy, Alfred Hayes, Andrew Solt, and Jerry Wald based on the novel by Claude Stanush. The music score was by Roy Webb and the cinematography by Lee Garmes.\nThe film's world premiere was at the Majestic Theatre in San Antonio, Texas.", "Q106060": "Dagmar Metzger (born 10 December 1958 in Berlin) is a German lawyer and politician, and a former member of the Parliament of Hesse for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).\nShe has been a member of the SPD since 1990, and was elected to the city council of Darmstadt in 1997. In the council, she headed the committee for culture and science from 2001 to 2006. Dagmar Metzer is the daughter-in-law of former Darmstadt mayor G\u00fcnther Metzger.\nIn the 2008 Hesse state election, she was elected to the Parliament of Hesse.\nShe became known to a broader audience in March 2008, when she declared that she would not support Andrea Ypsilanti as Prime Minister of Hesse in the forthcoming election. Ypsilanti, chair of SPD in Hesse, intended to form a government with support of the far left party Die Linke, the successor of the East German communist party. The SPD party had vowed before the election not to cooperate with Die Linke under any circumstances. Her father-in-law also told journalists that Dagmar Metzger's father, a social democrat from Berlin, under threat of life had opposed the forced unification of SPD and the Communist Party of Germany to form the East German communist party.\nIn November 2008, Andrea Ypsilanti once again tried to form a government with support of Die Linke, but Metzger and her fellow SPD MPs Silke Tesch, J\u00fcrgen Walter and Carmen Everts declared they would not support Ypsilanti as Prime Minister if she formed a government with support of Die Linke, and the election of Ypsilanti as Prime Minister was canceled.\nThis led to the 2009 Hesse state election in which Dagmar Metzger did not stand as a candidate.\n\n", "Q13483": "Darren Tulett (born 2 June 1965) is an English journalist who presents football on French television. He was a presenter for Canal+ for a decade, and now works for beIN Sport.\nHis presenting style is lighthearted and flamboyant. Although well known in France as the face of English football, he is almost unknown in Britain.", "Q65515": "Heide Simonis (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ha\u026ad\u0259 zi\u02c8mo\u02d0n\u026as]; born 4 July 1943 in Bonn as Heide Steinhardt; nickname: Simone Heidis) is a German politician. She is a member of the SPD. From 1993 to 2005 she served as the Minister President of Schleswig-Holstein. She was the first woman to serve as head of a state government in German history and the only woman to do so in the 20th century.", "Q23540": "Protestantism is the second-largest form of Christianity with a total of 800 million to 1 billion adherents worldwide or about 37% of all Christians. It originated with the 16th century Reformation, a movement against what its followers perceived to be errors in the Catholic Church. Protestants reject the Roman Catholic doctrine of papal supremacy and sacraments, but disagree among themselves regarding the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. They emphasize the priesthood of all believers, justification by faith alone (sola fide) rather than also by good works, and the highest authority of the Bible alone (rather than also with sacred tradition) in faith and morals (sola scriptura). The \"five solae\" summarise basic theological differences in opposition to the Roman Catholic Church.Protestantism began in Germany in 1517 when Martin Luther published his Ninety-five Theses as a reaction against abuses in the sale of indulgences by the Roman Catholic Church, which purported to offer the remission of the temporal punishment of sins to their purchasers. However, the term derives from the letter of protestation from German Lutheran princes in 1529 against an edict of the Diet of Speyer condemning the teachings of Martin Luther as heretical. Although there were earlier breaks and attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church\u2014notably by Peter Waldo, John Wycliffe, and Jan Hus\u2014only Luther succeeded in sparking a wider, lasting, and modern movement. In the 16th century, Lutheranism spread from Germany into Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Latvia, Estonia, and Iceland. Reformed (or Calvinist) denominations spread in Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Scotland, Switzerland and France by reformers such as John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and John Knox. The political separation of the Church of England from the pope under King Henry VIII began Anglicanism, bringing England and Wales into this broad Reformation movement.Protestants have developed their own culture, with major contributions in education, the humanities and sciences, the political and social order, the economy and the arts, and many other fields. Protestantism is diverse, being more divided theologically and ecclesiastically than either the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, or Oriental Orthodoxy. Without structural unity or central human authority, Protestants developed the concept of an invisible church, in contrast to the Roman Catholic view of the Catholic Church as the visible one true Church founded by Jesus Christ. Some denominations do have a worldwide scope and distribution of membership, while others are confined to a single country. A majority of Protestants are members of a handful of Protestant denominational families: Adventists, Anabaptists, Anglicans/Episcopalian, Baptists, Calvinist/Reformed , Evangelical, Lutherans, Methodists, Pentecostals/Charismatic, Presbyterian, Quakers, Nondenominational, independent and other churches are on the rise, and constitute a significant part of Protestantism. Proponents of the branch theory consider Protestantism one of the four major divisions of Christianity together with the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Oriental Orthodox Churches.", "Q275750": "Gina Hecht (; born December 6, 1953) is an American actress.", "Q148469": "Romance on the High Seas, known in the United Kingdom as It's Magic, is a 1948 American Technicolor musical romantic comedy film directed by Michael Curtiz, and starred Jack Carson, Janis Paige, Don DeFore and Doris Day in her film debut. The film was nominated for two Academy Awards, for Original Song for \"It's Magic\" (music by Jule Styne, lyrics by Sammy Cahn), and Music, Scoring of a Musical Picture (Ray Heindorf).", "Q983172": "Robert Mallet, FRS, MRIA (3 June 1810 \u2013 5 November 1881), Irish geophysicist, civil engineer, and inventor who distinguished himself in research on earthquakes and is sometimes called the father of seismology. His son, Frederick Richard Mallet was a geologist who worked in India.", "Q71560": "K\u00e4te Strobel (23 July 1907 \u2013 26 March 1996) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).\nBorn in Nuremberg, from 1923 to 1938 K\u00e4te M\u00fcller worked in the office of agricultural organisations in Bavaria. In 1928, she married Hans Strobel, who in 1934 was arrested for planning high treason against the Nazis. He was released from Dachau concentration camp in 1937.\nK\u00e4te Strobel joined the SPD in 1925, being part of the party's leadership from 1958 to 1971 while from 1949 to 1972 being a member of the German Bundestag. She also served 27 February 1958 to 26 January 1967 in the European Parliament, where she became the leader of the Socialist Group from 1964 to 1967 (to this day, the only female leader other than Pauline Green) and from 1972 to 1978 in the city council of Nuremberg.\nIn West Germany's government, under Kurt Georg Kiesinger she led the Department of Health (from 1966 to 1969 Federal Ministry of Health) which from 1969 to 1972, with Willy Brandt as chancellor, was expanded to Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth.\nShe promoted sex education by having her department publish a Sexualkundeatlas book and the movie Helga which depicted all stages of pregnancy. This was considered breaking a taboo.Her home town Nuremberg made her an honorary citizen in 1980, and named a street near the central station after her. She died in Nuremberg at age 88.", "Q710459": "Gary Michael Langan (born 19 April 1956) is an English engineer, record producer, mixer and musician.", "Q632834": "Fran\u00e7ois Dufour is the editor-in-chief and cofounder of Mon Quotidien, which is the first daily newspaper for kids launched in France on January 5, 1995. He is also editor-in-chief of prize-winning Le Petit Quotidien and L\u2019Actu both created in 1998.This three dailies have around 150,000 subscribers in France, whereof 20,000 are classes. They are the only existing dailies for kids in Europe, even in the Western world. They come out six days a week, but not on Sundays, only by subscription and are meant for kids between 7 and 17 and their parents.\nThere is also an extra weekly supplement in English: My Weekly.\nDufour is also editor-in-chief for L\u2019Actu-\u00c9co, a business weekly newspaper intended to help children understand the basics of economy through everyday news.", "Q741170": "James Henry Greathead (6 August 1844 \u2013 21 October 1896) was a mechanical and civil engineer renowned for his work on the London Underground railways, Winchester Cathedral and, Liverpool overhead railway as well as being one of the earliest proponents of the English Channel, Irish Sea and Bristol Channel tunnels. His invention is also the reason that the London Underground is colloquially named the \"Tube\".", "Q390910": "Agata and the Storm (Italian: Agata e la tempesta) is a 2004 Italian comedy film directed by Silvio Soldini.\n\n", "Q19810": "Victoria Caroline Beckham (n\u00e9e Adams; born 17 April 1974) is an English fashion designer and singer. In the late 1990s, Beckham rose to fame with the all-female pop group Spice Girls, and was dubbed Posh Spice by the July 1996 issue of the British music magazine Top of the Pops. After the Spice Girls split, she was signed to Virgin Records and Telstar Records and had four UK Top 10 singles. Her first release, \"Out of Your Mind\", reached number 2 in the UK Singles Chart.\nBeckham has participated in five official documentaries and reality shows about her, including Victoria's Secrets, Being Victoria Beckham, The Real Beckhams, Victoria Beckham - A Mile In Their Shoes and Victoria Beckham: Coming to America. She has since made a cameo appearance in an episode of Ugly Betty, and been a guest judge on Project Runway, Germany's Next Topmodel, and American Idol. \nIn the past decade, Beckham has become an internationally recognised style icon and fashion designer. Following high-profile collaborations with other brands, she launched an eponymous label in 2008, and a lower-priced (diffusion) label in 2011. The Victoria Beckham label was named designer brand of the year in the UK in 2011; in 2012 the brand was assessed as the star performer in the Beckham family's business interests. Writing in the Daily Telegraph in 2011, Belinda White noted that the transition from WAG to fashion designer had been more successful than most had predicted, saying: \"She has gathered a significant celebrity following and won over the scathing fashion pack who now clamour for a ticket to her bi-annual show at New York Fashion Week.\" She is married to David Beckham, and they have four children, including Brooklyn. As of May 2019, the couple's joint wealth is estimated at \u00a3355 million.", "Q240933": "Joan Alexandra Molinsky (June 8, 1933 \u2013 September 4, 2014), known professionally as Joan Rivers, was an American comedian, actress, writer, producer, and television host. She was noted for her often controversial comedic persona\u2014heavily self-deprecating and sharply acerbic, especially towards celebrities and politicians.\nRivers rose to prominence in 1965 as a guest on The Tonight Show. Hosted by her mentor, Johnny Carson, the show established Rivers' comedic style. In 1986, with her own rival program, The Late Show with Joan Rivers, Rivers became the first woman to host a late night network television talk show. She subsequently hosted The Joan Rivers Show (1989\u20131993), winning a Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Talk Show Host. From the mid-1990s, she became known for her comedic red carpet awards show celebrity interviews, and in 2009, she was the Celebrity Apprentice Winner. Rivers co-hosted the E! celebrity fashion show Fashion Police from 2010 to 2014 and starred in the reality series Joan & Melissa: Joan Knows Best? (2011\u20132014) with daughter Melissa Rivers. She was the subject of the documentary Joan Rivers: A Piece of Work (2010).\nIn addition to marketing a line of jewelry and apparel on the QVC shopping channel, Rivers authored 12 best-selling books and three LP comedy albums under her own name: Mr. Phyllis And Other Funny Stories (Warner Bros 1965), The Next To Last Joan Rivers Album (Buddah 1969), and What Becomes A Semi-Legend Most? (Geffen 1983). She was nominated in 1984 for a Grammy Award for her album What Becomes a Semi-Legend Most?; and was nominated in 1994 for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her performance of the title role in Sally Marr ... and Her Escorts. In 2015, Rivers posthumously received a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for her book, Diary of a Mad Diva.In 1968, The New York Times television critic Jack Gould called Rivers \"quite possibly the most intuitively funny woman alive\". In 2017, Rolling Stone magazine ranked her sixth on its list of the 50 best stand-up comics of all time, and in October the same year, she was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q570301": "Piedmont is a small semi-suburban city located in Alameda County, California, United States. Piedmont is completely surrounded by the city of Oakland. Its residential population was 10,667 at the 2010 census. The name comes after the region of Piedmont in Italy, and literally means foothill. Piedmont was incorporated in 1907, and was developed significantly in the 1920s and 1930s.", "Q95194": "Karl August Bleibtreu (January 13, 1859 \u2013 January 30, 1928) was a German writer who promoted naturalism in German literature. He was noted for his aggressive and dogmatic style of criticism, linked to a nationalistic and sometimes antisemitic agenda. His later work was heavily influenced by Nietzsche's theory of the \u00fcbermensch.", "Q538379": "Larissa Mikhailovna Reissner (Russian: \u041b\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0440; 1 (13) May 1895 \u2013 9 February 1926) was a Russian writer and revolutionary. She is best known for her leadership roles on the side of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War that followed the October Revolution and for her friendships with several of the Russian poets of the early 20th century.", "Q325615": "Viola Barry (March 4, 1894 \u2013 April 2, 1964) was an American silent film actress who starred in a number of films during the 1910s.", "Q77111": "Friedrich Jeckeln (2 February 1895 \u2013 3 February 1946) was a German SS commander during the Nazi era. He served as a Higher SS and Police Leader in the occupied Soviet Union during World War II. Jeckeln was the commander of one of the largest collection of Einsatzgruppen death squads and was personally responsible for ordering and organizing the deaths of over 100,000 Jews, Romani, and others designated by the Nazis as \"undesirables\". After the end of World War II in Europe, Jeckeln was convicted of war crimes by a Soviet military tribunal in Riga and executed in 1946.", "Q16901299": "Desa (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0414\u0435\u0441\u0430) was the Serbian co-ruler from 1148 to 1153, alongside his elder brother Uro\u0161 II, Grand Prince of Serbia; the Prince of Duklja, Travunija and Zahumlje from 1149 to 1162; the Grand Prince of Serbia from 1153 to 1155, and again from 1162 to 1166.\nDesa was the youngest of three sons of Uro\u0161 I, the Grand Prince of Serbia from c. 1112 to 1145. His mother was Anna Diogenissa, a Byzantine noblewoman. The eldest son Uro\u0161 II succeeded their father in 1145. Their sister, Helena, married B\u00e9la II of Hungary (r. 1131\u201341). Upon the death of B\u00e9la II, Helena and the middle son Belo\u0161 became regents of Hungary. Desa initially held the region of Dendra, near Ni\u0161, until his later acceding to the throne. Desa was an uncle to the three kings of Hungary and Croatia.\nIn ca. 1148, the political situation in the Balkans was divided by two sides, one being the alliance of the Byzantines and Venice, the other the Normans and Hungarians. The Normans were sure of the danger that the battlefield would move from the Balkans to their area in Italy. Emperor Manuel I Komnenos also allied himself with the Germans after defeating the Cumans in 1148. The Serbs, Hungarians and Normans exchanged envoys, being in the interest of the Normans to stop Manuel's plans to recover Italy.The Serbs under brothers Uro\u0161 II and Desa revolted against the Byzantines, when Manuel was in Avlona planning an offensive across the Adriatic, and this revolt posed danger to the Emperor if he would attack Italy, as the Serbs could strike at the Adriatic bases. The Serbs next undertook an offensive against Radoslav of Duklja, who was a loyal Byzantine vassal. Radoslav was pushed to the southwestern corner of Duklja, to Kotor, and retained only the coastal area, with the brothers holding much of inland Duklja and Trebinje \u2013 over two thirds of Duklja. Radoslav sought help from the Emperor, who sent aid from Durazzo. At this moment, the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja ends, presumably because the author of the original text had died. A major war was about to erupt in the Balkans; Uro\u0161 II and Desa, in light of Byzantine retaliation, sought aid from their brother Belo\u0161, the count palatine of Hungary. By 1150, Hungarian troops played an active role in Serbia.His brother Uro\u0161 II ruled alone from 1140 until the battle at the Tara river against the Emperor Manuel in 1150, when the Byzantines defeated the Serbs and Hungarians. Uro\u0161 II was spared and Desa was instated as co-ruler along with Uro\u0161. He is mentioned in Venetian charters from 1150 as a Prince of Duklja, Travunija and Zahumlje, and again in 1151. In 1153 a dispute between the two brothers resulted in Desa and the Rascian court ousting Uro\u0161 II. Byzantine Emperor Manuel I intervened and re-instated Uro\u0161 II in 1155, deposing Desa. He tried to engage in diplomacy with Hungarian king Frederick. In the summer of 1165, Manuel I sent an army to pursuit Desa. Desa was granted a safe meeting with Manuel I and was escorted by a bodyguard. Desa gave oaths to Manuel I in a public humiliation after being examined in Constantinople on his diplomacy with Hungary. Manuel put Tihomir on the throne in 1166.\nSome have concluded that Desa was the father of Stefan Nemanja, this however is disputed among other theories.", "Q981765": "Michael Bailey Smith (born November 2, 1957) is an American actor and business development manager. He is best known for his appearances on the hit television series Charmed, where he played Belthazor, a Grimlock leader and Shax.", "Q530725": "Susan Jacoby (; born June 4, 1945) is an American author. Her 2008 book about American anti-intellectualism, The Age of American Unreason, was a New York Times best seller. She is an atheist and a secularist. Jacoby graduated from Michigan State University in 1965. She lives in New York City and is program director of the New York branch of the Center for Inquiry.", "Q125861": "Edwin Cerio (1875\u20131960) was a prominent Italian writer, engineer, architect, historian, and botanist. He was born on the island of Capri to an English artist mother and a well-known local physician, Ignazio Cerio.", "Q292875": "Klavdiya Ivanovna Shulzhenko (Russian: \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0428\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0436\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e , Ukrainian: \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0428\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; March 24 [O.S. March 11] 1906, Kharkiv \u2013 June 17, 1984, Moscow) was a Soviet popular female singer and actress.", "Q70118": "Vico Morcote is a municipality in the district of in the Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q434557": "Claudja Barry (born 1952) is a singer, songwriter and actress. Her successful songs were \"Down and Counting\", \"Boogie Woogie Dancin' Shoes\" and others. As an actress, she is known for performing in the European versions of stage musicals AC/DC and Catch My Soul.", "Q231674": "Maria Karolina Zofia Felicja Leszczy\u0144ska (Polish: [\u02c8marja l\u025b\u0282\u02c8t\u0282\u0268j\u0303ska]; 23 June 1703 \u2013 24 June 1768), also known as Marie Leczinska (French: [ma\u0281i l\u025b\u0261z\u025b\u0303ska]), was a Polish princess and Queen consort of France from 1725 until 1768 by marriage to Louis XV. The daughter of King Stanislaus I of Poland and Catherine Opali\u0144ska, her 42-year service was the longest of any queen in French history. A devout Roman Catholic throughout her life, Marie was popular among the French people for her generosity and introduced many Polish customs to the royal court at Versailles. She was the grandmother of Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X of France.", "Q68757": "Moritz Wagner (Bayreuth, 3 October 1813 \u2013 Munich, 31 May 1887) was a German explorer, collector, geographer and natural historian. Wagner devoted three years (1836\u20131839) to the exploration of Algiers: it was here that he made important observations in natural history, which he later supplemented and developed: that geographical isolation could play a key role in speciation.\nFrom 1852\u20131855, together with Carl Scherzer, Wagner travelled through North and Central America and the Caribbean. In May 1843, Wagner toured the Lake Sevan region of Armenia with Armenian writer Khachatur Abovian. He committed suicide in Munich, aged 73. His brother Rudolf was a physiologist and anatomist.", "Q2667184": "The Law School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (in Portuguese: Faculdade de Direito da Universidade S\u00e3o Paulo, also known as Faculdade de Direito do Largo de S\u00e3o Francisco) is an institution of higher education and research in the field of law located in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. It joined the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) in 1934, when the latter was established.", "Q67464": "Heinz Nixdorf (April 9, 1925 \u2013 March 17, 1986) was a German computing pioneer, businessman and founder of Nixdorf Computer AG.\nNixdorf was born in Paderborn.\nThe 27-year-old Nixdorf, at the time a physics student, founded his first computer company in 1952. As the owner, he led this company to become an international electronics company with revenues of almost four billion D-Mark at its peak. His microcomputers were competitors to IBM mainframes. Nixdorf is remembered as one of the entrepreneurs who, in the 1950s to 1970s, symbolized the German economic miracle. He was also an ambitious athlete and is remembered for his efforts to provide good education to his employees. He succumbed to a heart attack in 1986 at the CeBIT in Hanover.", "Q4710928": "Albert Oll\u00e9 Bartolom\u00e9 is a Spanish businessman born in Barcelona on October 3, 1964. GMP through ESADE, SMP through IESE and OPM through Harvard Business School.", "Q363126": "Stanley Robert Vinton Jr. (born April 16, 1935), known professionally as Bobby Vinton, is an American singer and songwriter who briefly appeared in films. In pop music circles, as a teen idol he became known as \"The Polish Prince\", as his music pays tribute to his Polish heritage. His most popular song was \"Blue Velvet\", a cover of Tony Bennett's 1951 song, which reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1963 and number two in the UK in 1990. It also served as inspiration for the film of the same name.", "Q1140542": "Mount Holyoke College is a private liberal arts women's college in South Hadley, Massachusetts. Founded in 1837, it is the oldest institution within the Seven Sisters schools, an alliance of East Coast liberal arts colleges that was originally created to provide women with education equivalent to that provided in the then men-only Ivy League. Mount Holyoke is part of the region's Five College Consortium, along with Amherst College, Smith College, Hampshire College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst.", "Q520250": "Plamen Simeonov Kralev (Bulgarian: \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0421\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432, born 22 February 1973 in Sofia) is a Bulgarian racing driver and businessman. He is the only Bulgarian driver who has participated in FIA Formula 2 Championship, 24 Hours of Le Mans, Le Mans series, ADAC GT Masters, International GT Open, FIA European Touring Car Cup, Italian Touring Car Championship and Ferrari Challenge. Kralev also has participated in the FIA GT3 European Championship, and in the GP2 Asia Series. Kralev wraps up his active racing career in 2018 in the Italian Touring Car Championship with a podium finish at Misano. Plamen Kralev remains the only Bulgarian racing driver to have ever participated in international circuit championships organized by FIA.", "Q49941": "Ilona Staller (born 26 November 1951), widely known by her stage name Cicciolina (little chubby), is a Hungarian-Italian former porn star, politician, and singer.", "Q988741": "Saint Louis Park (abbreviated St. Louis Park) is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 45,250 at the 2010 census. It is a first-ring suburb immediately west of Minneapolis. Other adjacent cities include Edina, Golden Valley, Minnetonka, Plymouth, and Hopkins.\nSt. Louis Park is the birthplace or childhood home of movie directors Joel and Ethan Coen, musician Peter Himmelman, New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman, former Senator Al Franken, songwriter Dan Israel, guitarist Sharon Isbin, writer Pete Hautman, football coach Marc Trestman, and film director Joe Nussbaum. Baseball announcer Halsey Hall also lived there.\nThe Pavek Museum of Broadcasting, which has a major collection of antique radio and television equipment, is also in the city. Items range from radios produced by local manufacturers to the Vitaphone system used to cut discs carrying audio for the first \"talkie\", The Jazz Singer.\nThe Coen brothers set their 2009 film A Serious Man in St. Louis Park circa 1967. It was important to the Coens to find a neighborhood of original-looking suburban rambler homes as they would have appeared in St. Louis Park in the mid-1960s, and after careful scouting they opted to film scenes in a neighborhood of nearby Bloomington, as well as at St. Louis Park's B'nai Emet Synagogue, which was later sold and converted into a school.", "Q2347909": "East Bengal (Bengali: \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be Purb\u00f4 Bangla) was a geographically noncontiguous province of the Dominion of Pakistan covering Bangladesh. With its coastline on the Bay of Bengal, it bordered India and Burma. It was located very near to, but did not share a border with, Nepal, China, the Kingdom of Sikkim and the Kingdom of Bhutan. Its capital was Dacca.\nThe Partition of British India, which divided Bengal along religious lines, established the borders of Muslim majority East Bengal. The province existed during the reign of two monarchs, including George VI and Elizabeth II; and three Governors-General, including Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Khawaja Nazimuddin and Ghulam Muhammad. Its provincial governors included a British administrator and several Pakistani statesmen. Its chief ministership was held by leading Bengali politicians.\nEast Bengal was the most populous and cosmopolitan province in the dominion. East Bengal was a hub of political movements, including the Bengali Language Movement and pro-democracy groups. It was dissolved and replaced by East Pakistan during the One Unit scheme implemented by Prime Minister Mohammad Ali of Bogra.\nThe provincial legislature was the East Bengal Legislative Assembly.", "Q718763": "The South Seas Mandate, officially the Mandate for the German Possessions in the Pacific Ocean lying North of the Equator, was a League of Nations mandate in the \"South Seas\" given to the Empire of Japan by the League of Nations following World War I. The mandate consisted of islands in the north Pacific Ocean that had been part of German New Guinea within the German colonial empire until they were occupied by Japan during World War I. Japan governed the islands under the mandate as part of the Japanese colonial empire until World War II, when the United States captured the islands. The islands then became the United Nations-established Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands governed by the United States. The islands are now part of Palau, Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and Marshall Islands.In Japan, the territory is known as \"Japanese mandate for the South Seas Islands\" (\u65e5\u672c\u59d4\u4efb\u7d71\u6cbb\u9818\u5357\u6d0b\u7fa4\u5cf6, Nihon Inin T\u014dchi-ry\u014d Nan'y\u014d Gunt\u014d) and was governed by the Nan'y\u014d Government (\u5357\u6d0b\u5ef3, Nan'y\u014d Ch\u014d).", "Q673868": "Grapefruit were a London-based British band of the late 1960s, brought together by Terry Doran of Apple Publishing, a music publishing company started and owned by the Beatles. Their brand of music was a typical late 1960s blend of rock, which they often fused with psychedelic effects such as phasers and vocoders, or classical arrangements.\n\n", "Q1382863": "Jesse Fuller (March 12, 1896 - January 29, 1976) was an American one-man band musician, best known for his song \"San Francisco Bay Blues\".", "Q71206": "Ruth Elizabeth \"Bette\" Davis (; April 5, 1908 \u2013 October 6, 1989) was an American actress of film, television and theater. With a career spanning 60 years and 100 acting credits, she is regarded as one of the greatest actresses in Hollywood history. She was noted for playing unsympathetic, sardonic characters, and was famous for her performances in a range of film genres, from contemporary crime melodramas to historical films, suspense horror, and occasional comedies, although her greater successes were in romantic dramas. A recipient of two Academy Awards, she was the first thespian to garner ten nominations.\nAfter appearing in Broadway plays, the 22-year old Davis moved to Hollywood in 1930. After some unsuccessful films, she had her critical breakthrough playing a vulgar waitress in Of Human Bondage (1934), although, contentiously, she was not among the three nominees for the Academy Award for Best Actress that year. The next year, her strong performance as a down-and-out actress in Dangerous (1935) did land her her first Best Actress nomination, and she won the award.\nIn 1937, she tried to free herself from her contract with Warner Brothers Studio; although she lost the legal case, it marked the start of more than a decade as one of the most celebrated leading ladies of US cinema, known for her forceful and intense style. Her portrayal of a strong-willed 1850s southern belle in Jezebel (1938) won her a second Academy Award for Best Actress and was the first of five consecutive years she received a nomination. The others were for Dark Victory (1939), The Letter (1940), The Little Foxes (1941) and Now, Voyager (1942). Davis gained a reputation as a perfectionist who could be highly combative and confrontational with studio executives and film directors as well as with her co-stars. Her forthright manner, idiosyncratic speech, and ubiquitous cigarette contributed to a public persona that has been often imitated.She is perhaps most known for her role as a Broadway star in All About Eve (1950), a Best Picture Academy Award winner, for which she received another Best Actress Oscar nomination. Her last Oscar nomination was for What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962) also starring her rival Joan Crawford. Her career went through several periods of eclipse, but despite a long period of ill health she continued acting in film or on television until shortly before her death from breast cancer in 1989. She admitted that her success had often been at the expense of her personal relationships, as she married four times, divorced three times, raised her children as a single parent and had a daughter, B.D. Hyman, who wrote the tell-all book My Mother's Keeper.Davis was the co-founder of the Hollywood Canteen, a club venue for food, dancing and entertainment for servicemen during World War II, and was the first female president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. She was the first woman to receive a Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Film Institute. In 1999, Davis placed second behind Katharine Hepburn on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest female stars of the Classic Hollywood cinema era.", "Q490587": "Gulfport is the second-largest city in Mississippi after the state capital, Jackson. Along with Biloxi, Gulfport is the other county seat of Harrison County and the larger of the two principal cities of the Gulfport-Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the city of Gulfport had a total population of 67,793, with nearly 400,000 in the metro area as of 2018. It is also home to the US Navy Atlantic Fleet Seabees.", "Q365557": "Rodolphus Agricola (Latin: Rudolphus Agricola Phrisius; August 28, 1443 or February 17, 1444 \u2013 October 27, 1485) was a pre-Erasmian humanist of the northern Low Countries, famous for his supple Latin and one of the first north of the Alps to know Greek well. Agricola was a Hebrew scholar towards the end of his life, an educator, musician and builder of a church organ, a poet in Latin as well as the vernacular, a diplomat and a sportsman of sorts (boxing). He is best known today as the author of De inventione dialectica, as the father of northern European humanism and as a zealous anti-scholastic in the late-fifteenth century.", "Q173399": "Ellen Grace Philpotts-Page (born February 21, 1987) is a Canadian actress and producer. Her career began with roles in television shows such as Pit Pony (1997-2000), Trailer Park Boys (2002) and ReGenesis (2004). Page starred in the film Hard Candy (2005), for which she won the Austin Film Critics Association's Award for Best Actress. Her breakthrough role was the title role in Jason Reitman's film Juno (2007), for which she received nominations for an Academy Award, a BAFTA, a Golden Globe and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress and won the Independent Spirit Award, an MTV Movie Award and a Teen Choice Award.\nPage played Kitty Pryde in the X-Men films (2006, 2014). She has starred in films such as An American Crime (2007), The Tracey Fragments (2007) \u2013 a role that won her the Vancouver Film Critics Award for Best Actress, Smart People (2008), Whip It (2009), Super (2010) and Inception (2010). Page also provided the voice, motion capture and likeness of Jodie Holmes in the video game Beyond: Two Souls (2013). In 2017, she was cast as Vanya Hargreeves in the Netflix series The Umbrella Academy.", "Q1420733": "Jean-Claude Casadesus (born Jean-Claude Probst) is a French conductor.", "Q144535": "Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 \u2013 8 December 1903) was an English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era.\nSpencer developed an all-embracing conception of evolution as the progressive development of the physical world, biological organisms, the human mind, and human culture and societies. As a polymath, he contributed to a wide range of subjects, including ethics, religion, anthropology, economics, political theory, philosophy, literature, astronomy, biology, sociology, and psychology. During his lifetime he achieved tremendous authority, mainly in English-speaking academia. \"The only other English philosopher to have achieved anything like such widespread popularity was Bertrand Russell, and that was in the 20th century.\" Spencer was \"the single most famous European intellectual in the closing decades of the nineteenth century\" but his influence declined sharply after 1900: \"Who now reads Spencer?\" asked Talcott Parsons in 1937.Spencer is best known for the expression \"survival of the fittest\", which he coined in Principles of Biology (1864), after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. This term strongly suggests natural selection, and yet as Spencer extended evolution into realms of sociology and ethics, he also made use of Lamarckism.", "Q1225410": "Marc Veyrat (born 8 May 1950) is a French chef from the Haute-Savoie region, who specialises in molecular gastronomy and the use of mountain plants and herbs.\nVeyrat has obtained a total of nine Michelin Stars and is the first cook to get the perfect grade of 20/20 in the Gault et Millau guide for each of his two first restaurants.\nHe was the owner of the restaurants La Maison de Marc Veyrat (or l'Auberge de l'Eridan) in Veyrier-du-Lac and la Ferme de mon P\u00e8re in Meg\u00e8ve. He currently operates the restaurant La Maison des Bois in Manigod. All three restaurants obtained three stars. In 2019, Veyrat was awarded two Michelin Stars for La Maison des Bois, and is suing Michelin saying that the loss of one star was a miscommunication. On 24 February 2009, he announced that he would cease all of his activities at la Maison de Marc Veyrat due to his declining health. The hotel is currently being run by his children.\nHe started a chain of organic \"fast-food\" restaurants all over France called la Cozna Vera. The first one opened in Annecy in 2008 and was later closed in 2010. He has plans to build other restaurants in \u00c9pagny, Brussels, and Paris.\nHis work was featured on the Discovery Channel's Discovery Atlas: France Revealed.\nIn December 2015, Veyrat was fined \u20ac100,000 by a French court after illegally cutting down 7,000 sq metres of protected forest near one of his restaurants.", "Q38160": "Waris Singh Ahluwalia (born 1974) is a Sikh American designer and actor based in New York City. His company, House of Waris, has collaborated with a number of other designers and artists throughout the years. House of Waris came into being after the owners of Maxfield's in Los Angeles noticed Ahluwalia's elaborate diamond rings and placed an order, which sold out.", "Q2949884": "The Right group (Italian: Destra), later called Historical Right (Italian: Destra storica) (by historians to distinguish it from the right-wing groups of the 20th century), was an Italian centrist parliamentary group during the second half of the 19th century. After 1876, the Historical Right constituted the Constitutional opposition toward the left governments. It originated in the convergence of the most liberal faction of the moderate right and the moderate wing of the democratic left. The party included men from heterogeneous cultural, class, and ideological backgrounds, ranging from Anglo-Saxon individualist liberalism to Neo-Hegelian liberalism as well as liberal-conservatives, from strict secularists to more religiously-oriented reformists. Few prime ministers after 1852 were party men; instead they accepted support where they could find it, and even the governments of the Historical Right during the 1860s included leftists in some capacity.The Right was represented the interests of the Northern bourgeoisie and the Southern aristocracy. Its members were mostly large landowners, industrialists and people related to the military. On economic issues, the Right supported free trade and laissez-faire policies while on social issues it favoured a strong central government, obligatory conscription and during the Cavour's era the secular Law of Guarantees, causing Pope Pius IX's Non Expedit. In foreign relations, their goal was the unification of Italy, primarily aiming for an alliance with the British Empire and the French Empire, but sometimes also with the German Empire against Austria-Hungary.\n\n", "Q65273": "Plan-les-Ouates is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in Switzerland.", "Q1198897": "Sharon Epatha Merkerson (; born November 28, 1952) is an American film, stage, and television actress. She has received numerous high-profile accolades for her work, including an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, four NAACP Image Awards, two Obie Awards and two Tony Award nominations. Merkerson is also the recipient of 4 honorary doctorate degrees. She is best known for her award-winning portrayal of Lieutenant Anita Van Buren on the NBC police procedural drama series Law & Order, a role she played from 1993 to 2010. She appeared in 395 episodes of the series.In 2012, Merkerson became the host of Find Our Missing, a reality-reenactment series on TV One which profiles missing people of color.In 2015, she was cast as Sharon Goodwin, Chief of Medical Services of the fictional Gaffney Chicago Medical Center Hospital on the NBC medical drama Chicago Med.", "Q101069": "Ernst H\u00f6fner (1 October 1929 \u2013 24 November 2009) was Finance Minister of the German Democratic Republic. Born in Berlin, H\u00f6fner graduated with a degree in business. In the 1960s, he was a secretary in the finance ministry. From 1970 to 1976 he was deputy minister of finance. From 1976 to 1979 he was first secretary of SED's department for central bank and financial organs. And from 1979 to 1981 he was also first secretary of the national planning commission. From 1981 to 1989, after succeeding Werner Schmieder, he served as Finance Minister. As Finance Minister, he also belonged to the presidency of the cabinet council.", "Q2585807": "Johannes Walaeus (Jan de Wale, Johannes de Wale) (1604-1649) was a Dutch physician and illustrious professor at the Faculty of Medicine in Leiden University.\nHe was graduated Doctor of Medicine in 1631, when he defended his dissertation, entitled Disputiatio medica de febribus at Leiden University. Two years after that, he was nominated Professor extraordinarius. In 1648, he was offered full professorship at Leiden University.\n\n", "Q116515": "Max Pulver is the author of three graphology books (1931,1934 and 1949) and several articles. He developed the theory of symbolism of space. His work discusses pressure, intelligence, and crime. He founded the Schweizerische Graphologische Gesellschaft (Swiss Graphological Society) in 1950 and was president until his death.", "Q371522": "The University of Gothenburg (Swedish: G\u00f6teborgs universitet) is a university in Sweden's second largest city, Gothenburg.\nThe University is the third-oldest of the current Swedish universities and with 37,000 students and 6000 staff members it is one of the largest universities in the Nordic countries.", "Q160483": "Chios (; Greek: \u03a7\u03af\u03bf\u03c2, romanized: Kh\u00edos [\u02c8\u00e7i.os] (listen)) is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated in the northern Aegean Sea. The island is separated from Turkey by the Chios Strait. Chios is notable for its exports of mastic gum and its nickname is \"the Mastic Island\". Tourist attractions include its medieval villages and the 11th-century monastery of Nea Moni, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\nAdministratively, the island forms a separate municipality within the Chios regional unit, which is part of the North Aegean region. The principal town of the island and seat of the municipality is Chios. Locals refer to Chios town as Chora (\u03a7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 literally means land or country, but usually refers to the capital or a settlement at the highest point of a Greek island).\nIt was also the site of the Chios massacre, in which tens of thousands of Greeks on the island were massacred by Ottoman troops during the Greek War of Independence in 1822.", "Q330218": "Patrick Kron (born 26 September 1953) was the chairman and chief executive (Pr\u00e9sident-directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral) of the French engineering conglomerate Alstom. Alstom is most well known for its Eurostar and TGV trains, and is headquartered at Levallois-Perret.", "Q106706": "Jeffrey Lynn Goldblum (; born October 22, 1952) is an American actor and musician. He has starred in some of the highest-grossing films of his era, such as Jurassic Park (1993) and Independence Day (1996), as well as their respective sequels, The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018), and Independence Day: Resurgence (2016).\nGoldblum also starred in films including Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978), The Big Chill (1983), and Into the Night (1985), before coming to wider attention as Seth Brundle in David Cronenberg's The Fly (1986), which earned him a Saturn Award for Best Actor. His other films include The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension (1984), The Tall Guy (1989), Deep Cover (1992), Powder (1995), The Prince of Egypt (1998), Cats & Dogs (2001), Igby Goes Down (2002), The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004), Adam Resurrected (2008), Le Week-End (2013), The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014), and Thor: Ragnarok (2017).\nGoldblum has also starred in several TV series, including the eighth and ninth seasons of Law & Order: Criminal Intent as Zack Nichols. He directed the short film Little Surprises, which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. His jazz band, Jeff Goldblum and the Mildred Snitzer Orchestra, released their first album, The Capitol Studios Sessions, in 2018.", "Q90952": "Diether Posser (9 March 1922 in Essen \u2013 9 January 2010 in Essen) was a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party.", "Q273447": "\u00c9cole Centrale Paris (ECP, often referred to as \u00c9cole Centrale or Centrale) was a French postgraduate-level institute of research and higher education in engineering and science. It was also known by its official name \u00c9cole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures.Founded in 1829, it was among the most prestigious and selective grandes \u00e9coles. Rooted in rich entrepreneurial tradition since the industrial revolution era, it served as the cradle for top-level engineers and executives who continue to constitute a major part of the industry leadership in France. Since the 19th century, its model of education for training generalist engineers inspired the establishment of several engineering institutes around the world, such as the \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne in Switzerland, Facult\u00e9 polytechnique de Mons in Belgium, as well as other member schools of the Ecole Centrales Group alliance in France, Morocco, China, and India.In 2015, \u00c9cole Centrale Paris merged with Sup\u00e9lec to form CentraleSup\u00e9lec, a constituent institute of the University of Paris-Saclay.", "Q204817": "Paul Winkler (7 July 1898 in Budapest \u2013 23 September 1982 in Melun) was a French writer, journalist and publisher of Jewish-Hungarian ancestry. Before being the head of Press Alliance, Winkler operated Europe's largest feature syndicate, Opera Mundi, in France.Specializing in the distribution of bandes dessin\u00e9es (comics), Winkler founded several popular magazines. Le Journal de Mickey, first published as an 8-page weekly in October 1934, began a tradition of French Disney comics publishing that continues until the present day. Le Journal de Mickey is now a weekly 60-page magazine, with sister publications Picsou Magazine, Mickey Parade G\u00e9ant, Super Picsou G\u00e9ant and Mon Premier Journal de Mickey printing Disney comics in French from around the world. In honor of his dedication to publishing Disney comics, Winkler was given a posthumous Disney Legends award in 1997.In April 1936, Winkler also published Robinson (p\u00e9riodique), a 16-page weekly filled with American adventure comics, and he followed this in December 1937 with Hop-l\u00e0!, \"L'hebdomadaire de la jeunesse moderne\" (the weekly for the modern child).", "Q242842": "Emily Jean Perkins (born May 4, 1977) is a Canadian actress, best known for her roles as Crystal Braywood in the TV series Hiccups, young Beverly Marsh in Stephen King's It, and Brigitte Fitzgerald in Ginger Snaps. Since the late 1980s she has appeared in various films and television series.", "Q34982": "Jo\u00e3o Belchior Marques Goulart (ga\u00facho Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0292u.\u0250\u0303w bew\u02c8ki.\u0254\u027e \u02c8markis \u0261u\u02c8la\u027e], or [\u02c8\u0292w\u0250\u0303w \u02c8b\u025bwkj\u0254\u0281 \u02c8ma\u0281ki\u0292 \u0261u\u02d0\u02c8la\u0281] in the standard Fluminense dialect; 1 March 1918 \u2013 6 December 1976) was a Brazilian politician who served as the 24th President of Brazil until a military coup d'\u00e9tat deposed him on 1 April 1964. He was considered the last truly left-wing President of Brazil, until Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva took office in 2003.", "Q15794": "Toma\u017e \u0160alamun (July 4, 1941 \u2013 December 27, 2014) was a Slovenian poet who was a leading figure of postwar neo-avant-garde poetry in Central Europe and internationally acclaimed absurdist. His books of Slovene poetry have been translated into twenty-one languages, with nine of his thirty-nine books of poetry published in English. His work has been called a poetic bridge between old European roots and America. \u0160alamun was a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He lived in Ljubljana, Slovenia, and was married to the painter Metka Kra\u0161ovec.", "Q5693908": "Heather Jansch (born Heather Rosemary Sewell) is a British sculptor notable for making life-sized sculptures of horses from driftwood. She has also used cork as a material in her earlier creations. Jansch reported that she struggled in her youth in schools, but had a passion for drawing and horses.\nWhile an art student at Walthamstow College of Art in 1967 she met the musician Roy Harper. It was Harper who introduced her to the guitarist Bert Jansch, who she later married.She bought a smaller hill farm, breeding Welsh cobs and specializing in painting traditional equestrian portraits until starting to sculpt. She later moved to south Devon.\nBy 1986 she was exhibiting sculpture regularly with Courcoux and Courcoux, a leading provincial contemporary gallery then based in Salisbury who took her work to the London Contemporary Art Fair where it received very favourable reviews.\nHer life-size driftwood horses became her hall mark and in 1999 were featured in the Shape of the Century 100 Years of Sculpture in Britain at Salisbury Cathedral.The exhibition was then taken to London's Canary Wharf as part of the millennium celebrations in 2000 where her horses caught the attention of Tim Smit KBE founder of the Eden Project and she was invited to become one of their resident artists. Her horse was voted the most popular art work there and has since become widely known as The Eden Horse.\nBy 2001 she was casting works in bronze and had bought a small converted Coach House in fourteen acres of steep woodland with two acres of water-meadow and a stream where she began to explore site specific sculpture and over the next decade created a sculpture garden which in 2008 was included in The National Gardens Scheme's Yellow Book. The house was extended to include a gallery.\nIn 2009 she set up Olchard Press. She published Heather Jansch's Diary.\n\nHer sculptures can cost up to \u00a355,000 each and can take up to three years to produce.", "Q91480": "Reimut Reiche (born June 20, 1941, in Esslingen am Neckar) is a German sociologist, sexologist, author and psychoanalyst.\nIn his early years Reiche was an activist in Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund (SDS) and he became president of the SDS in 1966. He was also a member of the group Revolution\u00e4rer Kampf in Frankfurt. \nReiche studied sociology in Berlin and Frankfurt am Main. In 1973 he published - together with Martin Dannecker - Der gew\u00f6hnliche Homosexuelle (The Ordinary Homosexual) to receive his PhD. After he had finished university Reiche worked at the Institut f\u00fcr Sexualwissenschaft, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, in Frankfurt am Main. In 1991 Reiche got his postdoctoral lecture qualification (Privatdozent) on the subject: Geschlechterspannung [Gender (or Sex) Strain].\nFrom 1973 to 1980 Reiche studied at the Sigmund-Freud-Institut in Frankfurt am Main and he became a psychoanalyst in 1980 (DPV). Since 1980 Reiche has been working as a psychoanalyst in Frankfurt/Main.", "Q369379": "Ae Fond Kiss\u2026 (also known as Just a Kiss in some countries) is a 2004 romantic drama film directed by Ken Loach, and starring Atta Yaqub and Eva Birthistle. The title is taken from a Scottish song by Robert Burns, the complete line being \"Ae Fond Kiss, and then we sever...\"\nThe film explores the complications which ensue when second-generation Scottish Pakistani Casim (who is Muslim) and Roisin (a Catholic immigrant from Ireland) fall in love.", "Q485820": "Blur are an English rock band formed in London in 1988. The group consists of vocalist Damon Albarn, guitarist Graham Coxon, bassist Alex James, and drummer Dave Rowntree. \nBlur's debut album Leisure (1991) incorporated the sounds of Madchester and shoegazing. Following a stylistic change influenced by English guitar pop groups such as the Kinks, the Beatles, and XTC, Blur released Modern Life Is Rubbish (1993), Parklife (1994), and The Great Escape (1995). Blur were central to the 1990s Britpop movement; they achieved mass popularity in the UK, aided by a chart battle with rivals Oasis in 1995 dubbed the \"Battle of Britpop\".\nBlur's self-titled fifth album (1997) incorporated influences from the lo-fi styles of American indie rock groups, and became their third UK chart-topping album. Its single \"Song 2\" brought Blur mainstream success in the US. Their next album, 13 (1999) saw the band experimenting with electronic and gospel music, and featured more personal lyrics from Albarn. Their seventh album, Think Tank (2003), was shaped by Albarn's growing interest in hip hop and African music, with more minimal guitar work. Coxon left during the recording, and Blur disbanded for several years after the album's release, with the members engaged in other projects.\nIn 2009, Blur, with Coxon, reunited for a series of concerts. In the following years, they released several singles and compilations and toured internationally. In 2012, they received a Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. Their eighth album, The Magic Whip (2015), was the sixth consecutive Blur studio album to top the British charts.", "Q234718": "Joanne Mich\u00e8le Sylvie Harris, (b. July 3, 1964) is an English author especially known for her award-winning novel Chocolat (1999) which was adapted the following year for the film Chocolat.", "Q469888": "Lewis Mumford (October 19, 1895 \u2013 January 26, 1990) was an American historian, sociologist, philosopher of technology, and literary critic. Particularly noted for his study of cities and urban architecture, he had a broad career as a writer. Mumford made signal contributions to social philosophy, American literary and cultural history and the history of technology. Mumford was influenced by the work of Scottish theorist Sir Patrick Geddes and worked closely with his associate the British sociologist Victor Branford.\nMumford was also a contemporary and friend of Frank Lloyd Wright, Clarence Stein, Frederic Osborn, Edmund N. Bacon, and Vannevar Bush.", "Q62508": "Barbara Meier (born 25 July 1986) is a German fashion model and actress. She is best known as the winner of the second season of Germany's Next Topmodel by Heidi Klum.", "Q151892": "Ariana Grande-Butera (; born June 26, 1993) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Born in Boca Raton, Florida, Grande rose to fame for her role as Cat Valentine in the Nickelodeon television series Victorious (2010\u20132013), and in its spin-off, Sam & Cat (2013\u20132014). After she grew interested in pursuing a music career, Grande recorded songs for the soundtrack of Victorious, and signed with Republic Records in 2011 after the label's executives discovered videos of her covering songs that she uploaded onto YouTube. She released her debut album, Yours Truly, in 2013 and debuted atop the US Billboard 200. A 1950s doo-wop-influenced pop and R&B album, it spawned her first US Billboard Hot 100 top-ten single, \"The Way\".\nGrande's second studio album, My Everything (2014), incorporated EDM elements and became her second to top the US charts. It featured four US top-ten singles: \"Problem\", \"Break Free\", \"Bang Bang\", and \"Love Me Harder\", the most of any artist that year. Her third studio album, Dangerous Woman (2016) continued the pop-R&B sound of its predecessor and became her first number-one album in the UK. Grande experimented with trap on her next albums, Sweetener (2018) and Thank U, Next (2019), while maintaining her characteristic pop-R&B tones. The former won a Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album, while the latter broke several streaming records upon release. With the release of the singles \"Thank U, Next\", \"7 Rings\" and \"Break Up with Your Girlfriend, I'm Bored\", Grande became the first solo artist to hold the top three spots on the Billboard Hot 100 simultaneously and the first female artist to succeed herself at number one on the UK Singles Chart. Additionally, she is the only artist to have the lead singles from each of their first five studio albums debut within the top ten in the US.\nGrande has received various accolades, including one Grammy Award, one Brit Award, two Billboard Music Awards, three American Music Awards, and eight Guinness World Records. All five of Grande's full-length albums have been certified Platinum or higher by the RIAA. As one of the leading streaming pioneers in the world, she has amassed over 50 billion streams on platforms like YouTube, Spotify, and Apple Music. She is the most followed female on the former two, while being the most listened to female on the latter two. An influential figure on social media, she is an outspoken feminist and supporter for LGBT rights. In February 2019, she became the most followed woman on Instagram. Time named Grande as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2016 and 2019, while Forbes has included her in the annual Forbes list of highest-earning women in music in 2019. Billboard recognized her as the \"Woman of the Year\" in 2018, and declared her the most accomplished female artist to debut in the 2010s.", "Q138824": "Danna Paola Rivera Mungu\u00eda (born 23 June 1995), better known as Danna Paola, is a Mexican actress, singer and model. She gained popularity as a child actress and singer, starring in dozens of television projects throughout her early childhood and adolescence.", "Q106712": "August Belmont Sr., original name August Sch\u00f6nberg, (December 8, 1813 \u2013 November 24, 1890) was a German-American politician, financier, foreign diplomat, and party chairman of the Democratic National Committee during the 1860s, and later a horse-breeder and racehorse owner. He was the founder and namesake of the Belmont Stakes, third leg of the Triple Crown series of American thoroughbred horse racing.", "Q156125": "Larvik (Urban East Norwegian: [\u02c8l\u0251\u0302rvi\u02d0k] (listen)) is a town and municipality in Vestfold in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Larvik. The municipality of Larvik has about 46,364 inhabitants. The municipality has a 110 km coastline, only shorter than that of neighboring Sandefjord.The city achieved market town status in 1671. Larvik was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The city of Stavern, and the rural municipalities of Brunlanes, Hedrum, and Tj\u00f8lling were forcefully merged into the municipality of Larvik on 1 January 1988. On 1 January 2018, neighboring Lardal was merged into Larvik as part of a nationwide municipal reform. After the merge, Larvik is the largest municipality in Vestfold County by area, and the second-most populous municipality in the county.Larvik is known as the hometown of Thor Heyerdahl. It is also home to B\u00f8keskogen, the northernmost beech tree forest in the world. It is also home of Norway's only natural mineral water spring, Farriskilden. Farris Bad has been described as one of the best spas in Europe. It has the largest spa department in Scandinavia.Larvik has a daily ferry connection to Hirtshals, Denmark.", "Q855252": "Bhumibol Adulyadej (Thai: \u0e20\u0e39\u0e21\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e38\u0e25\u0e22\u0e40\u0e14\u0e0a; RTGS: Phumiphon Adunyadet; pronounced [p\u02b0\u016b\u02d0.m\u00ed.p\u02b0\u014dn \u0294\u0101.d\u016bn.j\u0101.d\u00e8\u02d0t] (listen); see full title below; 5 December 1927 \u2013 13 October 2016), conferred with the title King Bhumibol the Great in 1987 (officially conferred by King Vajiralongkorn in 2019), was the ninth monarch of Thailand from the Chakri dynasty, titled Rama IX. Reigning since 9 June 1946, he was, at the time of his death, the world's longest-reigning head of state, and the longest-reigning monarch having reigned only as an adult, reigning for 70 years and 126 days. During his reign, he was served by a total of 30 prime ministers beginning with Pridi Banomyong and ending with Prayut Chan-o-cha.Forbes estimated Bhumibol's fortune \u2013 including property and investments managed by the Crown Property Bureau, a body that is neither private nor government-owned (assets managed by the Bureau were owned by the crown as an institution, not by the monarch as an individual)\u2013 to be US$30 billion in 2010, and he headed the magazine's list of the \"world's richest royals\" from 2008 to 2013 although the same magazine also estimated the worth of the British monarchy triple that of the Thai. In May 2014, Bhumibol's wealth was again listed as US$30 billion.After a period of deteriorating health which left him hospitalized on several occasions, Bhumibol died on 13 October 2016 in Siriraj Hospital. He was generally highly revered by the people in Thailand \u2013 some saw him as close to divine. Notable political activists and Thai citizens who criticized the king or the institution of monarchy were often forced into exile or to suffer frequent imprisonments. Yet many cases were dropped before being proceeded or were eventually given royal pardon. His cremation was held on 26 October 2017 at the royal crematorium at Sanam Luang. His son, Maha Vajiralongkorn, succeeded him as King.", "Q3113011": "Hamilton College is a private liberal arts college in Clinton, New York. It was founded as Hamilton-Oneida Academy in 1793 and was chartered as Hamilton College in 1812 in honor of inaugural trustee Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton has been coeducational since 1978, when it merged with its coordinate sister school Kirkland College.\nHamilton is an exclusively undergraduate institution, enrolling 1,850 students in the fall of 2019. Students may choose from 55 areas of study, including 43 majors, or design an interdisciplinary concentration. Hamilton's student body is 53% female and 47% male, and comes from 45 U.S. states and 46 countries. Hamilton is a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference.", "Q321301": "James Edward Abbe (July 17, 1883 \u2013 November 11, 1973) was an American photographer.", "Q42800": "Belo Horizonte (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u025blu o\u027ei\u02c8z\u00f5t\u0283i], locally [\u02ccb\u025blo\u027ei\u02c8z\u00f5t\u0283i] (listen); \"Beautiful Horizon\") is the sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population of approximately 2.5 million. It is the thirteenth-largest city in South America and the eighteenth-largest in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Belo Horizonte metropolitan area, ranked as the third most populous metropolitan area in Brazil and the seventeenth most populous in the Americas. Belo Horizonte is the capital of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil's second most populous state. It is the first planned modern city in Brazil.\nThe region was first settled in the early 18th century, but the city as it is known today was planned and constructed in the 1890s, to replace Ouro Preto as the capital of Minas Gerais. The city features a mixture of contemporary and classical buildings, and is home to several modern Brazilian architectural icons, most notably the Pampulha Complex. In planning the city, Aar\u00e3o Reis and Francisco Bicalho sought inspiration in the urban planning of Washington, D.C. The city has employed notable programs in urban revitalization and food security, for which it has been awarded international accolades.\nThe city is built on several hills and is completely surrounded by mountains. There are several large parks in the immediate surroundings of Belo Horizonte. The Mangabeiras Park (Parque das Mangabeiras), 6 km (4 mi) southeast of the city centre in the hills of Curral Ridge (Serra do Curral), has a broad view of the city. It has an area of 2.35 km2 (580 acres), of which 0.9 km2 (220 acres) is covered by the native forest. The Jambeiro Woods (Mata do Jambeiro) nature reserve extends over 912 hectares (2,250 acres), with vegetation typical of the Atlantic Forest. More than 100 species of birds inhabit the reserve, as well as 10 species of mammals.\nBelo Horizonte was one of the host cities of the 1950 and the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Additionally, the city shared as host of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and the football tournament during the 2016 Summer Olympics.", "Q231660": "Mia Kirshner (born January 25, 1975) is a Canadian actress, writer and social activist who works in movies and television series. She is known for her role as Jenny Schecter on the cable TV series The L Word (2004\u20132009), and for her recurring guest role as the terrorist Mandy on the TV series 24 (2001\u20132005).", "Q3732284": "Ernesto Maserati (4 August 1898 \u2013 1 December 1975) was an Italian automotive engineer and racer, with Maserati of Modena since its inception in Bologna on 14 December 1914, together with his brothers Alfieri Maserati (leader), Ettore Maserati, Bindo Maserati and others.\nErnesto led the workshop during World War I, as his brothers joined the military. His racing career started in 1924, when he won the Italian drivers championship in 1927 in the Maserati Tipo 26, in 1930 using the Tipo 8C-2500.\nAfter his brother Alfieri Maserati died in 1932, Ernesto became the director, chief engineer as well as sole racing car driver of the company. The company was sold to Adolfo Orsi in 1937, but the brothers remained on a ten-year contract, Ernesto participating in the design of the Maserati A6 after World War II. He left with Ettore and Bindo (1947), to found the O.S.C.A. car company.\nHe died at Bologna in 1975.", "Q711035": "Erick Avari (born 13 April 1952) is an Indian\u2013American actor known primarily for his roles in science-fiction productions, including Stargate (1994), Independence Day (1996) and The Mummy (1999).", "Q851034": "San Leandro (Spanish for '\"Saint Leander\"') is a large suburban town in Alameda County, California, United States. It is located on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, between Oakland to the northwest and Hayward to the southeast.", "Q189547": "Marcia Anne Cross (born March 25, 1962) is an American actress. She began her career on daytime soap operas such as The Edge of Night, Another World, and One Life to Live before moving to primetime television with a recurring role on Knots Landing. From 1992 to 1997, she starred as Dr. Kimberly Shaw on Melrose Place. Cross played the role of the conservative housewife Bree Van de Kamp on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives (2004\u201312), for which she was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy, and a Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. She also recurred as President Claire Haas on the ABC series Quantico.", "Q4216610": "Ratna Rajya Lakshmi Devi Shah (born 19 August 1928) was Queen consort of Nepal from 1955 to 1972 and Queen Mother from 1972 to 2008 when the royal family were stripped of all titles and privileges. She is the second wife of King Mahendra (1920\u20131972). Ratna belongs to the aristocratic Rana family and is the daughter of General Hari Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana and his wife, Megha Kumari Rajya Lakshmi.", "Q16289": "Trentino, officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north. The Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol, an autonomous region under the constitution. The province is divided into 177 comuni (municipalities). Its capital is the city of Trento. The province covers an area of more than 6,000 km2 (2,300 sq mi), with a total population of about 540,000. Trentino is renowned for its mountains, such as the Dolomites, which are part of the Alps.", "Q67470": "Vacallo is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It is the first (or last) village of the Valle di Muggio.", "Q462705": "Ali Bayramo\u011flu (born 1956), is a Turkish writer and political commentator. He was a columnist in the Turkish daily newspaper Yeni Safak, writing from a liberal pro-Islamic viewpoint. He has campaigned against ultra-nationalism, militarism and restrictions on Islamic political parties in Turkey, and in favour of greater recognition of, and accommodation with, the Kurdish population of Turkey, and a break with what he sees as Ottomanist tendencies which prevent Turkey from moving forward on issues such as the Armenian genocide. He has also warned against the possible rise of left-wing political violence in Turkey.", "Q58680": "Pashto (, ; \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648 / Pax\u030ct\u014d, [\u02c8p\u0259\u0282to\u02d0]), sometimes spelled Pukhto or Pakhto, is a language in the Eastern Iranian group of the Indo-European family. It is known in Persian literature as Afghani (\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u06cc, Afgh\u0101ni), and in Hindustani literature as Pa\u1e6dh\u0101n\u012b. Speakers of the language are called Pashtuns or Pukhtuns/Pakhtuns (historically known as ethnic Afghans). Pashto and Dari (Persian) are the two official languages of Afghanistan. Pashto is also the second-largest regional language of Pakistan, mainly spoken in the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and northern districts of Balochistan province in south-west.. Pashto is the primary language of the Pashtun diaspora around the world. The total number of Pashto-speakers is at least 40 million, although some estimates place it as high as 60 million.Pashto belongs to the Northeastern Iranian group of the Indo-Iranian branch, but Ethnologue lists it as Southeastern Iranian. Pashto has two main dialect groups, \"soft\" and \"hard\", the latter locally known as Pakhto or Paxto.", "Q569122": "David Justin Vincent (born April 22, 1965), also known as Evil D, is an American musician who is best known as the former lead vocalist and bassist for the death metal band Morbid Angel as well as the bassist for Genitorturers. His early influences are Kiss and Alice Cooper. Vincent typically plays bass with a pick, though he occasionally uses his fingers.\nHe left Morbid Angel in 1996 to join his then-wife's industrial metal band, Genitorturers. Vincent's first contribution to the band was backing vocals on the song, \"House of Shame\", from their major label debut 120 Days of Genitorture. Vincent rejoined Morbid Angel in 2004, and resigned in 2015. He currently performs in I Am Morbid, featuring former drummer Tim Yeung and guitarist Bill Hudson, The Head Cat and death metal supergroup VLTIMAS, alongside Flo Mounier of Cryptopsy and Rune \u201cBlasphemer\u201d Eriksen, formerly of Mayhem (both musicians also collaborated with Steve Tucker before, David Vincent's predecessor and successor in Morbid Angel).Vincent also played bass on the album World Downfall by the influential grindcore band Terrorizer, with Pete Sandoval (also of Morbid Angel) and Jesse Pintado.Vincent contributed lead vocals on the opening song, \"Blood Fire War Hate\", on Soulfly's 2008 album Conquer. In 2015, he collaborated with Mexican metal band Nuclear Chaos, providing lead vocals and appearing in the music video of their single \"Suffocate\". As of 2016, Vincent has also been performing outlaw country music and released a single, \"Drinkin' With The Devil\" which he performed live at SXSW in March 2017 in Austin, Texas.Vincent relocated from Tampa, Florida in June 2014 to Austin, Texas where he resides with his wife, Suzanne Penley.\nVincent's autobiography, I Am Morbid: Ten Lessons Learned From Extreme Metal, Outlaw Country, And The Power Of Self-Determination, written with Joel McIver, was published by Jawbone Press in February 2020. The foreword to the book was written by astronomer Matt Taylor.", "Q237211": "Dame Anita Lucia Roddick, (23 October 1942 \u2013 10 September 2007) was a British businesswoman, human rights activist and environmental campaigner, best known as the founder of The Body Shop, a cosmetics company producing and retailing natural beauty products that shaped ethical consumerism. The company was one of the first to prohibit the use of ingredients tested on animals in some of its products and one of the first to promote fair trade with developing countries.\nRoddick was involved in activism and campaigning for environmental and social issues, including involvement with Greenpeace and The Big Issue. In 1990, Roddick founded Children on the Edge, a charitable organisation which helps disadvantaged children in Eastern Europe, Africa and Asia. She believed that business should offer a form of moral leadership, being a more powerful force in society than religion or government.In the late 1990s, she became involved in advocating for the Angola Three, African-American prisoners at the Louisiana State Penitentiary who had already been held in solitary confinement for decades. She helped raise international awareness and funds to aid in their appeals of flawed trials.", "Q751411": "Jamey George Haddad (born July 2, 1952 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American percussionist who works primarily in the fields of jazz and world music and specializes in hand drums.", "Q154732": "Agrippina the Younger (Latin: Julia Agrippina; 6 November AD 15 \u2013 23 March AD 59), also referred to as Agrippina Minor (\"smaller\", often used to mean \"younger\"), was a powerful Roman empress and one of the more prominent and effective women in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Her father was Germanicus, a popular general and one-time heir apparent to the Roman Empire under Tiberius; and her mother was Agrippina the Elder, a granddaughter of the first Roman emperor Augustus. She was also the younger sister of Caligula, and the niece and fourth wife of Claudius.\nBoth ancient and modern sources describe Agrippina's personality as ruthless, ambitious, violent and domineering. Physically she was a beautiful and reputable woman; according to Pliny the Elder, she had a double canine in her upper right jaw, a sign of good fortune. Many ancient historians accuse Agrippina of poisoning her husband Claudius, though accounts vary. She briefly served as the de facto ruler of Rome during the reign of her son, emperor Nero. In AD 59 Agrippina was executed on the orders of Nero.", "Q883172": "John Easten Miles (July 28, 1884 \u2013 October 7, 1971) was a U.S. politician who served as the 12th governor of the state of New Mexico.", "Q333705": "The Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology (Hebrew: \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u2013 \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc Ha-Tekhniyon \u2014 Makhon Tekhnologi le-Yisrael; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 - \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u200e) is a public research university in Haifa, Israel. Established in 1912 during the Ottoman Empire and more than 35 years before the State of Israel, the Technion is the oldest university in the country.The Technion is ranked as the top university in Israel and the Middle East in the Academic Ranking of World Universities. The university offers degrees in science and engineering, and related fields such as architecture, medicine, industrial management, and education. It has 19 academic departments, 60 research centers, and 12 affiliated teaching hospitals. Since its founding, it has awarded more than 100,000 degrees and its graduates are cited for providing the skills and education behind the creation and protection of the State of Israel.Technion's 565 faculty members currently include three Nobel Laureates in chemistry. Four Nobel Laureates have been associated with the university. The current president of the Technion is Uri Sivan.The Technion has played a major role in the history of modern Israel. The selection of Hebrew as the language of instruction, defeating German in the War of the Languages, was an important milestone in Hebrew's consolidation as Israel's official language. The Technion is also a major factor behind the growth of Israel's high-tech industry and innovation, including the country's technical cluster in Silicon Wadi.", "Q1961494": "Academician Andrey Petrovych Ershov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u0440\u0448\u043e\u0301\u0432, Andrey Petrovich Yershov; 19 April 1931, Moscow \u2013 8 December 1988, Moscow) was a Soviet computer scientist, notable as a pioneer in systems programming and programming language research.\nDonald Knuth considers him to have independently co-discovered the idea of hashing with linear probing. He also created one of the first algorithms for compiling arithmetic expressions.He was responsible for the languages ALPHA and Rapira, AIST-0 the first Soviet time-sharing system, electronic publishing system RUBIN, and MRAMOR, a multiprocessing workstation. He also was the initiator of developing the Computer Bank of the Russian Language (\u041c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430), the Soviet project for creating a large representative Russian corpus, a project in the 1980s comparable to the Bank of English and British National Corpus. The Russian National Corpus created by the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 2000s is a successor of Ershov's project.\nFrom 1959 he worked at the Siberian Division of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and helped found both the Novosibirsk Computer Center and the Siberian School of Computer Science.He received the Academician A. N. Krylov Prize from the Academy of Sciences, the first programmer to be so recognized. In 1974 he was made a Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society, and in 1981 he received the Silver Core Award of the IFIP.To computer science community he is mostly known for his speech \"Aesthetics and the Human Factor in Programming\" presented at the dinner at the AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference in 1972 and, due to its importance, republished as an article by the Communications of the ACM.", "Q2949890": "The Left group (Italian: Sinistra), later called Historical Left (Italian: Sinistra storica) by historians to distinguish it from the left-wing groups of the 20th century, was a liberal and reformist parliamentary group in Italy during the second half of the 19th century. The members of the Left were also known as Democrats or Ministerials. Different to its Right counterpart, the Left was the result of coalition who represented Northern and Southern middle class, urban bourgeoisie, small businessmen, journalists and academics. It also supported a right to vote and the public school for all children. Moreover, the party was against the high tax policies promoted by the Right. After the 1890s, the Left began to show more conservative tendencies, including advocating breaking strikes and protests and promoting a colonialist policy in Africa.\n\n", "Q323516": "Morris \"Morrie\" Ryskind (October 20, 1895 \u2013 August 24, 1985) was an American dramatist, lyricist and writer of theatrical productions and motion pictures, who became a conservative political activist later in life.", "Q716982": "Arve Isdal (born 28 August 1977, Bergen, Norway), also known as Ice Dale, is a Norwegian musician and producer.\nHe is best known for being the guitarist of progressive black metal band Enslaved. He is very active in the Norwegian metal scene as both a member of several bands and a session player for others still. After Tom Cato Visnes left the hard rock band Audrey Horne, Isdal played the bass parts on their second album Le Fol and continues to perform with the group. He is a part of the death/black metal band Trinacria, which includes members of Enslaved and the noise group Fe-Mail; and a newly formed project with Immortal guitarist Harald N\u00e6vdal. He has also been session-guitarist for Ov Hell and lent his voice to a character on Metalocalypse in the episode \"Dethmas\".\nAs Ice Dale, he was a member of the hard-rock band Bourbon Flame.Isdal is inspired by guitar players like Slash, David Gilmour, John Frusciante, Trey Spruance, Jimmy Page, Jeff Beck, and The Edge according to his Myspace.", "Q603343": "We Are the Fallen was an American gothic metal band consisting of former American Idol contestant Carly Smithson, Marty O'Brien and former Evanescence members Ben Moody, John LeCompt and Rocky Gray. The band's name is an allusion to Evanescence's 2003 album Fallen. In a Los Angeles Times interview, co-founder of Evanescence, Ben Moody, said that We Are the Fallen differs from Evanescence in that \"everyone is equal\" and that it has \"more energy than Evanescence could ever muster\". He also stated, \"We cannot try to be who we are. If there is some similarity in sound, it's because that genre was created by us.\"", "Q71574": "Paul Richard Heinrich Blasius (9 August 1883 \u2013 24 April 1970) was a German fluid dynamics physicist. He was one of the first students of Prandtl.\nBlasius provided a mathematical basis for boundary-layer drag but also showed as early as 1911 that the resistance to flow through smooth pipes could be expressed in terms of the Reynolds number for both laminar and turbulent flow. After six years in science he changed to Ingenieurschule Hamburg (today: University of Applied Sciences Hamburg) and became a Professor. On 1 April 1962 Heinrich Blasius celebrated his 50th anniversary in teaching. He was active in his field until he died on 24 April 1970.\nOne of his most notable contributions involves a description of the steady two-dimensional boundary-layer that forms on a semi-infinite plate that is held parallel to a constant unidirectional flow \n \n \n \n U\n \n \n {\\displaystyle U}\n .", "Q230218": "Shirley Mae Jones (born March 31, 1934) is an American actress and singer. In her six decades in show business, she has starred as wholesome characters in a number of well-known musical films, such as Oklahoma! (1955), Carousel (1956), and The Music Man (1962). She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing a vengeful prostitute in Elmer Gantry (1960). She played the lead role of Shirley Partridge, the widowed mother of five children, in the musical situation-comedy television series The Partridge Family (1970\u20131974), which co-starred her real-life stepson, David Cassidy, son of Jack Cassidy.", "Q66008": "Edelgard Bulmahn (born 4 March 1951) is a German politician from the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). She served as Member of the German Bundestag between 1987 and 2017. She was Federal Minister of Education and Research from 1998 to 2005. From 2013 until 2017 she was elected as one of the Vice Presidents of the Bundestag.\n\n", "Q7674732": "Taeghwan Hyeon (born in 1964) is a South Korean chemist. He is SNU distinguished professor in the School of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Seoul National University, director of Center for Nanoparticle Research of Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and an associate editor of the Journal of the American Chemical Society.Hyeon is recognized by his pioneering work in chemical synthesis of uniformly sized nanocrystals and various applications of functional nanomaterials. In 2011, he was listed as the 37th most cited chemist and the 19th in materials science among \u201cTop 100 Chemists\u201d of the decade by UNESCO&IUPAC. He has published over 350 papers in prominent international journals with more than 50,000 citations and an h-index of 120. Since 2014, he has been listed as a Highly Cited Researcher in chemistry and materials science by Clarivate Analytics.\n\n", "Q23936742": "Pentagon (Korean: \ud39c\ud0c0\uace4; stylized as PENTAGON; abbreviated as PTG) is a South Korean multinational boy band formed by Cube Entertainment in 2016. The group consists of nine members: Jinho, Hui, Hongseok, Shinwon, Yeo One, Yan An, Yuto, Kino and Wooseok. Originally composed of ten members, E'Dawn left the group and the record label on November 14, 2018. They were introduced through the Mnet survival show Pentagon Maker. Pentagon released their self-titled debut EP on October 10, 2016.", "Q190770": "Philip Warren Anderson (December 13, 1923 \u2013 March 29, 2020) was an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate. Anderson made contributions to the theories of localization, antiferromagnetism, symmetry breaking (including a paper in 1962 discussing symmetry breaking in particle physics, leading to the development of the Standard Model around 10 years later), and high-temperature superconductivity, and to the philosophy of science through his writings on emergent phenomena.", "Q85393": "Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer (19 April 1774 \u2013 19 December 1845) was a German scholar and literary historian. He worked in the households of Wilhelm von Humboldt and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.", "Q206972": "Olympe de Gouges (French: [ol\u025b\u0303p d\u0259 \u0261u\u0292] (listen); 7 May 1748 \u2013 3 November 1793), born Marie Gouze, was a French playwright and political activist whose writings on women's rights and abolitionism reached a large audience in various countries.\nShe began her career as a playwright in the early 1780s. As political tension rose in France, Olympe de Gouges became increasingly politically engaged. She became an outspoken advocate against the slave trade in the French colonies in 1788. At the same time, she began writing political pamphlets. Today she is perhaps best known as an early women's rights advocate who demanded that French women be given the same rights as French men. In her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (1791), she challenged the practice of male authority and the notion of male-female inequality. She was executed by guillotine during the Reign of Terror (1793\u20131794) for attacking the regime of the Revolutionary government and for her association with the Girondists.", "Q375036": "Kostas Varnalis (Greek: \u039a\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u0392\u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2; 14 February 1884 \u2013 16 December 1974) was a Greek poet.", "Q142636": "Dixie Chicks are an American country music band composed of founding members (and sisters) Martie Erwin Maguire and Emily Erwin Robison, and lead singer Natalie Maines. The band formed in 1989 in Dallas, Texas, and was originally composed of four women performing bluegrass and country music, busking and touring the bluegrass festival circuits and small venues for six years without attracting a major label. After the departure of one bandmate, the replacement of their lead singer, and a slight change in their repertoire, the Dixie Chicks soon achieved commercial success, beginning in 1998 with hit songs \"There's Your Trouble\" and \"Wide Open Spaces\".\nThe Dixie Chicks have won 13 Grammy Awards, including five in 2007 for Taking the Long Way\u2014which received the Grammy Award for Album of the Year\u2014and \"Not Ready to Make Nice\", a single from that album. By March 2020, with 33 million certified albums sold, and sales of 27.5 million albums in the U.S. alone, they had become the top selling all-female band and biggest-selling country group in the U.S. during the Nielsen SoundScan era (1991\u2013present).On March 10, 2003, during a London concert, nine days before the 2003 invasion of Iraq, lead vocalist Maines told the audience: \"We don't want this war, this violence, and we're ashamed that the President of the United States (George W. Bush) is from Texas,\" which garnered a positive reaction from the British audience but led to a contrasting negative reaction, and ensuing boycotts, in the United States, where talk shows denounced the band, their albums were discarded in public protest and corporate broadcasting networks blacklisted them for the remainder of the Bush years. After a touring hiatus, they toured again in 2010, 2013 and 2016.", "Q11280": "The Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis is a district in the center of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is part of the southern Ruhr urban area and has ca. 324,000 inhabitants (2012). The district's seat (capital city) is Schwelm; the largest of its nine towns is Witten.", "Q104663": "Cornelia Pr\u00fcfer-Storcks (born 8 May 1956) is a German politician (SPD) and since 2011 Senator for Health and Consumer Protection of the city state of Hamburg in the Senates Scholz I, II and Tschentscher.", "Q236669": "Dame Cicily Isabel Fairfield DBE (21 December 1892 \u2013 15 March 1983), known as Rebecca West, or Dame Rebecca West, was a British author, journalist, literary critic and travel writer. An author who wrote in many genres, West reviewed books for The Times, the New York Herald Tribune, the Sunday Telegraph, and The New Republic, and she was a correspondent for The Bookman. Her major works include Black Lamb and Grey Falcon (1941), on the history and culture of Yugoslavia; A Train of Powder (1955), her coverage of the Nuremberg trials, published originally in The New Yorker; The Meaning of Treason (1949), later The New Meaning of Treason (1964), a study of the trial of the British fascist William Joyce and others; The Return of the Soldier (1918), a modernist World War I novel; and the \"Aubrey trilogy\" of autobiographical novels, The Fountain Overflows (1956), This Real Night (published posthumously in 1984), and Cousin Rosamund (1985). Time called her \"indisputably the world's number one woman writer\" in 1947. She was made CBE in 1949, and DBE in 1959, in each case, the citation reads: \"writer and literary critic\". She took the pseudonym \"Rebecca West\" from the rebellious young heroine in Rosmersholm by Henrik Ibsen. She was a recipient of the Benson Medal.", "Q6675705": "Looney Tunes Super Stars' Bugs Bunny: Wascally Wabbit is a DVD of 15 Bugs Bunny cartoons that was released on May 4, 2011 (in Region 2). Like the Sylvester & Tweety: Feline Fwenzy disc, this disc features 15 cartoons that were previously on the Golden Collection sets as the new plan for the Super Stars volumes is one with new-to-DVD cartoons and one with previously-on-DVD cartoons. The reason for the double-dip release in each wave is so the Warner Home Video department can pay back for the remastering of other restorations. Also, unlike the previous Super Stars discs, the cartoons are presented in original fullscreen.", "Q231106": "Joan Marie Jett (n\u00e9e Larkin, September 22, 1958) is an American rock singer, songwriter, composer, musician, record producer and occasional actress. Jett is best known for her work as the frontwoman of her band Joan Jett & the Blackhearts, and for earlier founding and performing with the Runaways, which recorded and released the hit song \"Cherry Bomb\". The Blackhearts' version of the song \"I Love Rock 'n Roll\" was number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 for seven weeks in 1982. Jett's other notable hit songs include \"Bad Reputation\", \"Crimson and Clover\", \"Do You Wanna Touch Me (Oh Yeah)\", \"Light of Day\", \"I Hate Myself for Loving You\" and \"Dirty Deeds\".\nJett has a mezzo-soprano vocal range. She has three albums that have been certified Platinum or Gold, and has been a feminist icon throughout her career. She has been described as the Queen of Rock 'n' Roll and the Godmother of Punk. In 2015, Joan Jett & the Blackhearts were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.Jett lived in Long Beach, New York, since the late 1970s before moving to Rockville Centre, New York.", "Q472270": "Max Simon Nordau (born Simon Maximilian S\u00fcdfeld; July 29, 1849 \u2013 January 23, 1923) was a Zionist leader, physician, author, and social critic.He was a co-founder of the Zionist Organization together with Theodor Herzl, and president or vice president of several Zionist congresses.\nAs a social critic, he wrote The Conventional Lies of Our Civilisation (1883), Degeneration (1892), and Paradoxes (1896). Although not his most popular or successful work whilst alive, Degeneration is the book most often remembered and cited today.", "Q229749": "Heather Deen Locklear (born September 25, 1961) is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as Amanda Woodward on Melrose Place (1993\u201399), for which she received four consecutive Golden Globe nominations for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama. She is also known for her role as Sammy Jo Carrington on Dynasty from 1981 to 1989, her first major television role, which began a longtime collaboration with producer Aaron Spelling. Other notable television roles include Officer Stacy Sheridan on T. J. Hooker (1982\u201386), and Caitlin Moore on Spin City (1999\u20132002), for which she earned two more Golden Globe nominations, this time for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy. She had a recurring role on the TV Land sitcom Hot in Cleveland and a main role on the TNT drama-comedy television series Franklin & Bash in 2013.\nLocklear's film roles include the science-fiction thriller Firestarter (1984), the action comedy Money Talks (1997), the live-action/animated comedy Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003), and the romantic comedy The Perfect Man (2005).", "Q12859263": "An orator, or oratist, is a public speaker, especially one who is eloquent or skilled.", "Q100405": "Rudolf Eberhard (1 November 1914 Nuremberg \u2013 26 December 1998 Munich) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria between 1950 and 1974.", "Q73363": "Martin Ewald Wollny (March 20, 1846, Berlin \u2013 January 8, 1901, M\u00fcnchen) was a German founder of agrophysics (Agrikulturphysiker).\nHe taught at the Technical University of Munich (since 1872).", "Q86842": "Carl Friedrich Kotschy (Polish: Karol Fryderyk Kotschy, Karol Koczy, 26 January 1789 \u2013 9 February 1856) was an Austrian Protestant theologian and botanist born in Teschen (today Cieszyn, Poland). He was the father of botanist Theodor Kotschy (1813-1866).\nFrom 1807 to 1810 he studied theology and botany at the University of Leipzig, and afterwards travelled through France and Switzerland. In Switzerland he met with renowned educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827).\nFrom 1810 until his death he worked as a minister in Ustro\u0144, a predominantly Polish-speaking town in the Cieszyn Silesian region of Austria. Here he translated Czech and German language works into Polish, and penned instructional books in Polish for elementary schools. He was also the author of several religious works, including a revision of the Lutheran catechism (1833) and a book of Biblical stories (1844).\nAs a botanist, he performed studies of local flora, especially vegetation native to the Silesian Beskids. He specialized in the field of pomology, publishing in 1844 a book on fruit orchards.\nHe was 1848/49 also Member of the Frankfurt Parliament.\nHis son was Theodor Kotschy.", "Q1154245": "Rhythm Zone (\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\u30be\u30fc\u30f3, Rizumu Z\u014dn) (RZN) is a record label in the Avex Group that releases urban contemporary Japanese music.", "Q3506833": "Sydney John Smith, (September 23, 1892 - July 15, 1976), was a Canadian politician, farmer, rancher and businessman who served as Speaker of the Senate of Canada from 1966 to 1968.", "Q3821805": "Lost City is a 2004 novel by Clive Cussler. It was printed by Penguin ISBN 0-7181-4735-9. The novel recounts Kurt Austin's dealings with the Fauchard family, which has dominated the weapons industry for several thousand years, their secret past, the monsters they have created, and the damage they have caused to the world's oceans, all in a quest for immortality.", "Q168975": "Zden\u011bk Fierlinger (11 July 1891, Olomouc \u2013 2 May 1976, Prague) was a Czech diplomat and politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia from 1944 to 1946, first in the London-based exiled government and later in liberated Czechoslovakia. His name is often associated with the merger of his Social Democratic Party with the Czechoslovak Communist Party after the communist coup in 1948. He was the uncle of Paul Fierlinger, the famous animator for numerous PBS cartoons.", "Q3038280": "John Farrell MacDonald (June 6, 1875 \u2013 August 2, 1952) was an American character actor and director. He played supporting roles and occasional leads. He appeared in over 325 films over a 41-year career from 1911 to 1951, and directed forty-four silent films from 1912 to 1917.\nMacDonald was the principal director of L. Frank Baum's Oz Film Manufacturing Company, and he can frequently be seen in the films of Frank Capra, Preston Sturges and, especially, John Ford.", "Q176593": "Leopoldo (Luigi) Fregoli (Italian pronunciation: [leo\u02c8p\u0254ldo \u02c8fre\u02d0\u0261oli]; 2 July 1867 in Rome \u2013 26 November 1936 in Viareggio) was a stage star and Italian actor.", "Q2267401": "Peter the Great is an American historical drama television mini-series that aired on NBC from February 2\u20135, 1986 and starring Maximilian Schell as Russian emperor Peter the Great, and based on the biography by Robert K. Massie. It won three Primetime Emmy Awards, including the award for Outstanding Miniseries.", "Q63170": "Sebastian Franck (20 January 1499 \u2013 c. 1543) was a 16th-century German freethinker, humanist, and radical reformer.", "Q460674": "Ska punk (also spelled ska-punk) is a fusion genre that mixes ska music and punk rock music together. Ska-core (sometimes spelled skacore) is a subgenre of ska punk that mixes ska with hardcore punk. Early ska punk mixed both 2 Tone and ska with hardcore punk. Ska punk tends to feature brass instruments, especially horns such as trumpets, trombones and woodwind instruments like saxophones, making the genre distinct from other forms of punk rock. It is closely tied to third wave ska which reached its zenith in the mid 1990s.\nBefore ska punk began, many ska bands and punk rock bands performed on the same bills together and performed to the same audiences. Some music groups from the late 1970s and early 1980s, such as the Clash, the Deadbeats, the Specials, the Beat, and Madness fused characteristics of punk rock and ska, but many of these were either punk bands playing an occasional ska-flavored song, or are usually considered 2-Tone ska bands who played faster songs with a punk attitude. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, ska-punk enjoyed its greatest success, heralded by bands such as Fishbone, Dance Hall Crashers, The Mighty Mighty Bosstones, Citizen Fish, Sublime, the Porkers, Mad Caddies, Culture Shock, Operation Ivy, Less Than Jake, Reel Big Fish, and Mr. Bungle.\nSka punk had significant mainstream success in the middle-to-late 1990s, with many bands topping pop and rock music charts. The best selling ska punk record of the era was No Doubt's Tragic Kingdom, which was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 1999 and was certified diamond by Music Canada in 1997. By the early 2000s, many of the bands in ska punk had broken up, and the genre lost mainstream appeal, though it continued to have underground popularity and featured a revival in the late 2010s with bands like The Interrupters returning to chart success, when their song \"She's Kerosene\" reached the top-5 on alternative and rock music charts in Canada and the U.S.", "Q1196110": "The Pagemaster is a 1994 American live-action animated film starring Macaulay Culkin, Christopher Lloyd, Whoopi Goldberg, Patrick Stewart, Leonard Nimoy, Frank Welker, Ed Begley Jr., and Mel Harris. The film was produced by Turner Pictures and released by 20th Century Fox on November 23, 1994.The film was written for the screen by David Casci, based on a six-page pitch by writer Charles Pogue entitled \"Library Days\", presented to Casci by producer David Kirschner. The film was directed by Joe Johnston (live action) and Pixote Hunt and Glenn Chaika (animation), and produced by David Kirschner and Paul Gertz. The film received negative reviews and grossed $13.7 million from a budget of $34 million. The film's poor box office performance, along with Cats Don't Dance, set back other animated films for the animation studio, Turner Feature Animation.\n\n", "Q4919497": "Bjarne Berg (6 June 1950 \u2013 9 May 2010) was a Norwegian swimmer, journalist and businessperson. He is best known as news editor of TV 2 and from the companies Vizrt and Hardball.", "Q179878": "Teresa I\u017cewska (8 April 1933 \u2013 26 August 1982) was a Polish actress. She appeared in ten films between 1957 and 1982.", "Q65501": "Sigmund von Birken (25 April 1626 \u2014 12 June 1681) was a German poet of the Baroque. He was born in Wildstein, near Eger, and died in Nuremberg, aged 55. \nHis pupil, Sibylle Ursula von Braunschweig-L\u00fcneburg wrote part of a novel, Die Durchlauchtige Syrerin Aramena (Aramena, the noble Syrian lady), which when complete would be the most famous courtly novel in German Baroque literature; it was finished by her brother Anton Ulrich and edited by Sigmund von Birken.", "Q12951": "Baldur Ragnarsson (25 August 1930 \u2013 25 December 2018) was an Icelandic poet and author of Esperanto works. He was a teacher and a superintendent of schools in Iceland.", "Q264891": "Andrea Jane Corr MBE (born 17 May 1974) is an Irish musician, songwriter and actress. Corr debuted in 1990 as the lead singer of the Celtic folk rock and pop rock group The Corrs along with her three elder siblings Caroline, Sharon and Jim. Aside from singing lead vocals, Corr plays the tin whistle, the ukulele and the piano.With the others, Corr has released six studio albums, two compilation albums, one remix album and two live albums. Andrea has also pursued a solo career, releasing her debut album, Ten Feet High, in 2007. The album moved away from the sound of the Corrs and features a dance-pop sound. Her next album, released on 30 May 2011, was entirely made up of covers of songs that were important to her when younger.\nAndrea is involved in charitable activities. She has played charity concerts to raise money for the Pavarotti & Friends Liberian Children's Village, Freeman Hospital in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the victims of the Omagh bombing in Northern Ireland and The Prince's Trust in 2004. She is an ambassador for the Nelson Mandela's \"46664\" campaign, raising awareness towards AIDS in Africa. During the Edinburgh Live 8 on 2 July 2005 The Corrs performed \"When the Stars Go Blue\" alongside Bono to promote the Make Poverty History campaign. Along with her siblings, she was appointed an honorary M.B.E. in 2005 by Queen Elizabeth II for her contribution to music and charity.", "Q62285": "Henry Maske (born 6 January 1964 in Treuenbrietzen, Bezirk Potsdam) is a German former professional boxer, and one of Germany's most popular sports figures. He held the IBF light heavyweight title from 1993 until 1996.", "Q88884": "Ernst Hinterberger (17 October 1931 \u2013 14 May 2012) was an Austrian writer of novels, particularly detective novels, plays and successful sitcoms. His first TV scripts were unusual for their use of genuine Vienna dialect.", "Q2251158": "Bernard Laporte (born 1 July 1964) is a rugby player, coach and former French Secretary of State for Sport. From 1999 to 2007, Laporte was the head coach of the France national team. In 2011, he became the head coach at Toulon, after Philippe Saint-Andr\u00e9 became the new national team coach. He was previously the coach at Stade Fran\u00e7ais. He was the first fully professional head coach of France. On 3 December 2016, Bernard Laporte was elected president of the French Rugby Federation.", "Q55429": "Jim Sheridan (born 6 February 1949) is an Irish playwright, screenwriter, film director, and film producer. In the few years from 1989 to 1993, Sheridan directed two critically acclaimed films set in Ireland (My Left Foot and In the Name of the Father) that between them received 13 Academy Award nominations. Sheridan has personally received six Academy Award nominations. In addition to the above-mentioned films, he is also known for the films The Boxer and In America.", "Q676051": "Corey Yuen (Chinese: \u5143\u594e; pinyin: Yu\u00e1n Ku\u00ed; Cantonese Yale: Yuen4 Fui1; born Ying Gang-ming (\u6bb7\u5143\u594e); 15 February 1951) is a Hong Kong action director, film director, producer and action choreographer.Yuen was a member of the Peking Opera Schools and one of the Seven Little Fortunes. As an actor, Yuen is perhaps best known as Rubber Legs' student in 1979 kung fu comedy film Dance of the Drunk Mantis. As an action director, Yuen gained fame in American cinema beginning with 1998 film Lethal Weapon 4, followed by the 2000 blockbuster X-Men and six of Jet Li's American works: Romeo Must Die, Kiss of the Dragon, The One, Cradle 2 the Grave, War, and The Expendables.", "Q183081": "No Country for Old Men is a 2007 American neo-Western crime thriller film written and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen, based on Cormac McCarthy's 2005 novel of the same name. A cat-and-mouse thriller starring Tommy Lee Jones, Javier Bardem, and Josh Brolin, it follows a Texas welder and Vietnam War veteran in the desert landscape of 1980 West Texas. The film revisits the themes of fate, conscience, and circumstance that the Coen brothers had explored in the films Blood Simple (1984) and Fargo (1996).\nNo Country for Old Men premiered in competition at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival on May 19. The film won 76 awards on 109 nominations across multiple organizations; it won four awards at the 80th Academy Awards \u2013 Best Picture, Best Director(s), Best Supporting Actor (Bardem) and Best Adapted Screenplay \u2013 three British Academy Film Awards (BAFTAs), including Best Director(s), and two Golden Globes. The American Film Institute listed it as an AFI Movie of the Year, and the National Board of Review selected the film as the best of 2007.More critics included No Country for Old Men on their 2007 top ten lists than any other film, and many regard it as the Coen brothers' best film. As of February 2018, various sources had recognized it as one of the best films of its decade. The Guardian's John Patterson wrote: \"the Coens' technical abilities, and their feel for a landscape-based Western classicism reminiscent of Anthony Mann and Sam Peckinpah, are matched by few living directors\", and Peter Travers of Rolling Stone said that it is \"a new career peak for the Coen brothers\" and \"as entertaining as hell\". In 2016, it was voted the 10th best film of the 21st century as picked by 177 film critics from around the world.\n\n", "Q3806289": "Jacob Mark \"Jake\" Pitts (born August 21, 1985) is an American musician and record producer best known as the lead guitarist of the rock band Black Veil Brides.", "Q656381": "Neil Faulkner is a British archaeologist, historian, writer, lecturer, broadcaster, and political activist.", "Q167475": "Jacques Rivette (French: [\u0292ak \u0281iv\u025bt]; 1 March 1928 \u2013 29 January 2016) was a French film director and film critic most commonly associated with the French New Wave and the film magazine Cahiers du Cin\u00e9ma. He made twenty-nine films, including L'amour fou (1969), Out 1 (1971), Celine and Julie Go Boating (1974), and La Belle Noiseuse (1991). His work is noted for its improvisation, loose narratives, and lengthy running times.\nInspired by Jean Cocteau to become a filmmaker, Rivette shot his first short film at age twenty. He moved to Paris to pursue his career, frequenting Henri Langlois' Cin\u00e9math\u00e8que Fran\u00e7aise and other cin\u00e9-clubs; there, he met Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard, \u00c9ric Rohmer, Claude Chabrol and other future members of the New Wave. Rivette began writing film criticism, and was hired by Andr\u00e9 Bazin for Cahiers du Cin\u00e9ma in 1953. In his criticism, he expressed an admiration for American films \u2013 especially those of genre directors such as John Ford, Alfred Hitchcock and Nicholas Ray \u2013 and was deeply critical of mainstream French cinema. Rivette's articles, admired by his peers, were considered the magazine's best and most aggressive writings, particularly his 1961 article \"On Abjection\" and his influential series of interviews with film directors co-written with Truffaut. He continued making short films, including Le Coup de Berger, which is often cited as the first New Wave film. Truffaut later credited Rivette with developing the movement.\nAlthough he was the first New Wave director to begin work on a feature film, Paris Belongs to Us was not released until 1961, by which time Chabrol, Truffaut and Godard released their own first features and popularised the movement worldwide. Rivette became editor of Cahiers du Cin\u00e9ma during the early 1960s and publicly fought French censorship of his second feature film, The Nun (1966). He then re-evaluated his career, developing a unique cinematic style with L'amour fou. Influenced by the political turmoil of May 68, improvisational theatre and an in-depth interview with filmmaker Jean Renoir, Rivette began working with large groups of actors on character development and allowing events to unfold on camera. This technique led to the thirteen-hour Out 1 which, although rarely screened, is considered a Holy Grail of cinephiles. His films of the 1970s, such as Celine and Julie Go Boating, often incorporated fantasy and were better-regarded. After attempting to make four consecutive films, however, Rivette had a nervous breakdown and his career slowed for several years.\nDuring the early 1980s, he began a business partnership with producer Martine Marignac, who produced all his subsequent films. Rivette's output increased from then on, and his film La Belle Noiseuse received international praise. He retired after completing Around a Small Mountain (2009), and it was revealed three years later that he had Alzheimer's disease. Very private about his personal life, Rivette was briefly married to photographer and screenwriter Maril\u00f9 Parolini during the early 1960s and later married V\u00e9ronique Manniez.", "Q1028601": "Verdine White (born July 25, 1951) is an American musician, best known as the longtime bassist for Earth, Wind & Fire. White was placed at No. 27 on Bass Player's list of The 100 Greatest Bass Players of All Time.", "Q441889": "Elizabeth Inglis (born Desiree Mary Lucy Hawkins, 10 July 1913 \u2013 25 August 2007), also known as Elizabeth Earl, was an English actress, known for her role in The Letter.", "Q513103": "Caius Sergius Orata (fl. c. 95 BC) was an Ancient Roman who was a successful merchant, inventor and hydraulic engineer. He is credited with inventing the cultivation of oysters and refinement to the hypocaust method of heating a building to provide in addition, heated water for bathing.", "Q233922": "Jennifer Esposito (born April 11, 1973) is an American actress and author. She is known for her roles in the feature films Crash, Summer of Sam, Don't Say a Word, Taxi, and Welcome to Collinwood. She has also appeared in several television series, most notably The Looney Tunes Show, Spin City, Related, Samantha Who?, Blue Bloods, and Mistresses. From 2016 to 2017, she played Special Agent Alexandra Quinn on the CBS series NCIS.", "Q176578": "Mikhail Markovich Gruzenberg, known by the alias Borodin (9 July 1884 \u2013 29 May 1951), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Communist International (Comintern) agent. He was an advisor to Sun Yat-sen and the Kuomintang (KMT) in China during the 1920s.\nBorn in a rural part of the Russian Empire (now Belarus), to a Jewish family, Borodin joined the General Jewish Labour Bund at age sixteen, and then the Bolsheviks in 1903. After being arrested for participating in revolutionary activities, Borodin fled to America, attended Valparaiso University, started a family, and later established an English school for Russian Jewish immigrants in Chicago. Upon the success of the October Revolution in 1917, Borodin returned to Russia, and served in various capacities in the new Soviet government. From 1919, he served as an agent of the Comintern, travelling to various countries to spread the Bolshevik revolutionary cause. In 1923, Vladimir Lenin picked Borodin to lead a Comintern mission to China, where he was tasked with aiding Sun Yat-sen and his Kuomintang. Following Sun's death, Borodin assisted in the planning of the Northern Expedition, and later became an integral backer of the KMT leftist government in Wuhan.\nFollowing a purge of communists from the Kuomintang, Borodin was forced to return to the Soviet Union in 1927, where he would remain for the rest of his life. He once again served in various positions within the Soviet government, and later helped found the English-language Moscow News newspaper, of which he would become the editor-in-chief. During the Second World War, he additionally served as editor-in-chief of the Soviet Information Bureau. Amidst rising antisemitism in the Soviet Union during the late 1940s, Borodin was arrested, and deported to a prison camp. He died in 1951, and was officially rehabilitated in 1964.", "Q184936": "Zeinab Badawi (Arabic: \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u200e; born 24 November 1959) is a Sudanese-British television and radio journalist. She was the first presenter of the ITV Morning News (later known as ITV News at 5:30), and co-presented Channel 4 News with Jon Snow from 1989 to 1998), before joining BBC News. Badawi was the presenter of World News Today broadcast on both BBC Four and BBC World News, and Reporters, a weekly showcase of reports from the BBC.", "Q450984": "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (July 5, 1902 \u2013 February 27, 1985), sometimes referred to as Henry Cabot Lodge II, was a Republican United States Senator from Massachusetts and a United States ambassador. He was the Republican nominee for Vice President in the 1960 presidential election alongside incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon. The Republican ticket lost to Democrats John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.\nBorn in Nahant, Massachusetts, Lodge was the grandson of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and the great-grandson of Secretary of State Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen. After graduating from Harvard University, Lodge won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He defeated Democratic Governor James Michael Curley in 1936 to represent Massachusetts in the United States Senate. He resigned from the Senate in 1944 to serve in Italy and France during World War II. Lodge remained in the Army Reserve after the war and eventually rose to the rank of major general. In 1946, Lodge defeated incumbent Democratic Senator David I. Walsh to return to the Senate.\nHe led the Draft Eisenhower movement before the 1952 election and served as Eisenhower's campaign manager, ensuring that his candidate triumphed at the 1952 Republican National Convention. Eisenhower defeated Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson II in the general election, but Lodge lost his own re-election campaign to John F. Kennedy. Lodge was named as ambassador to the United Nations in 1953 and became a member of Eisenhower's Cabinet. Vice President Richard M. Nixon chose Lodge as his running mate in the 1960 presidential election, but the Republican ticket lost the election.\nIn 1963, President Kennedy appointed Lodge to the position of Ambassador to South Vietnam, where Lodge supported the 1963 South Vietnamese coup. He continued to represent the United States in various countries under President Lyndon B. Johnson, President Nixon, and President Gerald Ford. Lodge led the U.S. delegation that signed the Paris Peace Accords with North Vietnam, leading to the end of the Vietnam War. He died in Beverly, Massachusetts in 1985.", "Q175071": "Weinfelden District is one of the five districts of the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland. It has a population of 55,830 (as of 31 December 2018). Its capital is the town of Weinfelden.\nThe district contains the following municipalities:", "Q104688": "Matthias Bernegger (Latin: Bernegerus, also Matthew; born 8 February 1582 in Hallstatt, Salzkammergut, died 5 February 1640 in Strassburg) was a German philologist, astronomer, university professor and writer of Latin works.", "Q2636334": "The Liberal Party (Dutch: Liberale Partij, French: Parti lib\u00e9ral) was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Libert\u00e9 et du Progr\u00e8s or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.", "Q238877": "Regina Marie \"Jenna\" Fischer (born March 7, 1974) is an American actress best known for her portrayal of Pam Beesly on the NBC sitcom The Office, for which she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2007, and was a producer for its final season.\nSince then, Fischer has appeared in such films as Blades of Glory (2007), Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story (2007), The Promotion (2008), Hall Pass (2011), and The Giant Mechanical Man (2012), a film directed by her husband, Lee Kirk. She also appeared as Rhonda McNeil in the NBC's comedy-drama series You, Me and the Apocalypse. Fischer also starred in the ABC sitcom Splitting Up Together (2018\u20132019).\nFischer's first book, The Actor's Life: A Survival Guide, with an introduction by Steve Carell, was published in November 2017.", "Q1171006": "Ray Santilli (born 30 September 1958) is a British musician, record, and film producer, best known for his exploitation in 1995 of the controversial \"alien autopsy\" footage, subject of the Warners film Alien Autopsy featuring Harry Dean Stanton, Bill Pullman, Anthony McPartlin, and Declan Donnelly.", "Q210123": "Caroline Th\u00e9rese af Ugglas Liljedahl (born 7 April 1972) is a Swedish singer, artist and chorister.Af Ugglas created the format for a televised choir contest, which was picked up by NBC in the United States as the show Clash of the Choirs, and by the Seven Network in Australia as Battle of the Choirs.", "Q2448652": "Marie Windsor (born Emily Marie Bertelsen; December 11, 1919 \u2013 December 10, 2000) was an actress known for her femme fatale characters in the classic film noir features Force of Evil and The Narrow Margin. Windsor's height created problems for her in scenes with all but the tallest actors. She was the female lead in so many B movies that she became dubbed the \"Queen\" of the genre.", "Q391429": "Han Geng (Chinese: \u97e9\u5e9a; Pinyin: H\u00e1n G\u0113ng; Korean: \ud55c\uacbd; RR: Han Gyeong) (born February 9, 1984) is a Chinese Mandopop singer and actor.\nHe started his career in 2001, when he was chosen by S.M. Entertainment to become a member of South Korean boy band Super Junior, which debuted in 2005. He later became the leader of its sub-group Super Junior-M in 2008. On December 21, 2009, Han filed a lawsuit against SME to terminate his contract. He has since returned to China to pursue a solo career. On September 27, 2011, Han's departure from SM Entertainment was made official as both parties came to a mutual agreement.\nFor his various contributions to the spread of Chinese culture, Han was chosen as a torch bearer for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. He later also became an ambassador for the 2010 Shanghai Expo and the 2010 Asian Games. In late 2012, Han started to gain international attention and won the 2012 MTV Europe Music Awards' \"Best Worldwide Act\" and Nickelodeon's 2013 Kids' Choice Awards' \"Favorite Asian Act\".\n\n", "Q363867": "Frankie Carle (born Francis Nunzio Carlone, March 25, 1903 \u2013 March 7, 2001) was an American pianist and bandleader. As a very popular bandleader in the 1940s and 1950s, Carle was nicknamed \"The Wizard of the Keyboard\". \"Sunrise Serenade\" was Carle's best-known composition, rising to No. 1 in the US in 1938 and selling more than one million copies.", "Q104850": "Manfred Sch\u00fcler (born March 7, 1932 in Jessen) is a German financial and management expert and politician (SPD).\nAfter teaching management and business studies activities at several scientific institutes and the private sector, since 1958 he has been a member of the SPD for issues of financial reform in the Bundestag.\nAfter the change of government in 1969, he became head of the German Chancellery from 1974 to 1980 under Chancellor Helmut Schmidt. In 1999, he became the last Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Federal Institute for Unification (BvS), and then from 2000 to 2003, Chairman of the Board of TLG.", "Q92604": "Niklaus Emil Wirth (born 15 February 1934) is a Swiss computer scientist. He has designed several programming languages, including Pascal, and pioneered several classic topics in software engineering. In 1984 he won the Turing Award, generally recognized as the highest distinction in computer science, for developing a sequence of innovative computer languages.\n\n", "Q519348": "Alberta Adams (July 26, 1917 \u2013 December 25, 2014) was an American blues singer. \nRaised in Detroit, Michigan, she began performing as a tap dancer and nightclub singer in the 1930s. In 1952, she signed a recording contract with Chess Records and recorded with Red Saunders for the label. She toured with Duke Ellington, Eddie Vinson, Louis Jordan, Lionel Hampton, and T-Bone Walker, among others.\nIn her solo career, she secured a recording contract with the now-defunct Cannonball Records and recorded two albums for them: Born with the Blues (1999) and Say Baby Say (2000). Her 2004 album, I'm on the Move, was released by Eastlawn Records. In 2006 she released the EP Detroit's Queen of the Blues, which was named Outstanding Blues/R&B Recording at the 2006 Detroit Music Awards. At age 91 she recorded Detroit Is My Home, with Ann Rabson and Thornetta Davis.", "Q180588": "Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov (8 January 1902 [O.S. 26 December 1901] \u2013 14 January 1988) was a Soviet politician who briefly succeeded Joseph Stalin as the leader of the Soviet Union. However, at the insistence of the rest of the Presidium, he ceded control over the party apparatus in exchange for remaining first among equals as the country's Premier. Subsequently, Malenkov became embroiled in a power struggle ultimately culminating in his removal from the premiership in 1955 and the Presidium in 1957.\nThroughout his political career, Malenkov's personal connections with Vladimir Lenin significantly facilitated his ascent within the ruling Communist Party of the Soviet Union. By 1925, he was entrusted with overseeing the party's records. This brought him into contact with Stalin who had by then successfully consolidated power as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to become the de facto leader of the Soviet Union. As a result of this association, Malenkov became heavily involved in Stalin's purges before later being given sole responsibility over the Soviet missile program during World War II. From 1946 to 1947, he chaired the Council of Ministers Special Committee on Rocket Technology. In order to secure his position as Stalin's favorite, he successfully discredited Marshal Georgy Zhukov and suppressed all glory associated with Leningrad during World War II so that Moscow maintained its image as the Soviet Union's sole cultural and political capital.Following Stalin's death on 5 March 1953, Malenkov temporarily emerged as the Soviet leader's undisputed successor by replacing him as both Chairman of the Council of Ministers (or Premier) and the highest-ranking member of the party's Secretariat. However, only nine days later, the Politburo (then known as the Presidium) forced him to give up his position in the Secretariat while allowing him to retain the premiership. Henceforth, Malenkov presided over a collective leadership until being removed as Premier in 1955 by the party's First Secretary, Nikita Khrushchev. After later organizing a failed coup against Khrushchev in 1957, he was expelled from the Presidium and exiled to Kazakhstan in 1957, before ultimately being expelled from the Party altogether in November 1961. He officially retired from politics shortly afterwards. After a short sojourn in Kazakhstan, he returned to Moscow and kept a low profile for the remainder of his life.", "Q249056": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (initially known as Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles (also simply known as TMHT) in the UK and some European countries due to controversy at the time, and retroactively also known as TMNT 1987 or just TMNT '87) is an American animated television series produced by the studio Murakami-Wolf-Swenson and the French company IDDH. The pilot was shown during the week of December 14, 1987 in syndication as a five-part miniseries (launching on 84 stations and being played twice a day) and the show began its official run on October 1, 1988. Since then the show and franchise has become a worldwide phenomenon. The series featured the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles characters, created by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird. The property was changed considerably from the darker-toned comic, to make it more suitable for children and the family.The initial motivation behind the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles animated series was that, upon being approached to create a toy line, Playmates Toys was uneasy with the comic-book characters' small cult following. They requested that a television deal be acquired first, and after the initial five-episode series debuted, the California toy company released their first series of Ninja Turtles action figures in the summer of 1988. The two media would correspond in marketing style and popularity for many years to come.\nDavid Wise and Patti Howeth wrote the screenplay for the first five-part miniseries. When the series continued in the second season, comic artist Jack Mendelsohn joined the show as the executive story editor. Wise went on to write over seventy episodes of the series, and was executive story editor for four later seasons as well. Wise left the series partway through the ninth season, and Jeffrey Scott took over as the story editor and chief writer for the rest of the show's run.\nThe show was in Saturday morning syndication from October 1, 1988 to September 9, 1989, and became an instant hit. The show was expanded to five days a week and aired weekday afternoons in syndication in most markets from September 25, 1989 to March 29, 1991, with reruns airing until September 17, 1993. Starting on September 8, 1990 (with a different opening sequence), the show began its secondary run on CBS's Saturday morning lineup, beginning as a 60-minute block from 1990 to 1993, initially airing a couple of Saturday exclusive episodes back to back. There would also be a brief \"Turtle Tips\" segment in between the two episodes which served as public service announcements about the environment or other issues. There were at least 20 \"Turtle Tips\" segments that were produced and aired. Beginning in 1994, the show began airing as a 30-minute block until the series ended. The series ran until November 2, 1996, when it aired its final episode.\nThe show helped launch the characters into mainstream popularity and became one of the most popular animated series in television history. Breakfast cereals, plush toys, and all manner of products featuring the characters appeared on the market during the late-1980s and early-1990s. A successful Archie Comics comic book based on the animated show instead of the original black-and-white comics was published throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s. Action figures were top-sellers around the world. By 1990, the series was being shown daily on more than 125 television stations, and the comic books sold 125,000 copies a month.", "Q860202": "Charles Dunoyer Barth\u00e9lemy-Charles-Pierre-Joseph Dunoyer de Segonzac (20 May 1786 \u2013 4 December 1862), better known as Charles Dunoyer, was a French economist of the French Liberal School.\nDunoyer gave one of the earliest theories of economic cycle, building on the theory of periodic crises of Jean Charles L\u00e9onard de Sismondi and introducing the notion of the economy periodically cycling between two phases.", "Q163175": "Olivier Beretta (born 23 November 1969) is a professional racing driver from Monaco who raced in Formula One in 1994 for the Larrousse team, partnering \u00c9rik Comas. He participated in 10 Grands Prix, debuting on 27 March 1994. He scored no championship points, and was replaced when his sponsorship money ran out. During 2003 and 2004, he tested for the Williams team.", "Q1732416": "Karl Mueller (July 27, 1963 \u2013 June 17, 2005) was an American rock musician. He was the bass guitarist and a founding member of the Minneapolis alternative rock band Soul Asylum.\nIn May 2004, Mueller, a longtime smoker, was diagnosed with throat cancer, and a benefit concert was held to help him with his medical bills. In September of that year, Grant Hart and Bob Mould of H\u00fcsker D\u00fc reunited for the first time in seventeen years at the Rock for Karl benefit in Minneapolis. Paul Westerberg also made an appearance, as did Soul Asylum, in Mueller's last public performance. Mueller died of cancer in June 2005. Mueller was subsequently cremated and his remains reside at Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis. His widow, Mary Beth, resides in Minneapolis.\nAs of 2020, Mueller is still credited as a member on their Facebook page as a tribute.", "Q66785": "Johann Heinrich Cotta, also Heinrich von Cotta, (30 October 1763 \u2013 25 October 1844) was a German silviculturist who was a native of Kleine Zillbach, near Wasungen, Thuringia. He was founder of the Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry, in Tharandt, and is known as a pioneer of scientific forestry. He was the father of the geologist Bernhard von Cotta (1808\u20131879).", "Q49766": "The Greens or Greens may refer to:", "Q2448134": "The Crocodile Hunter Diaries is a wildlife documentary television series first aired on cable TV channel Animal Planet. It was created as a spin-off to the original The Crocodile Hunter series hosted by Australian naturalist Steve Irwin and his wife Terri Irwin. In the UK it was aired on ITV. In Australia it was aired on Network Ten.\nThe show is more focused around the everyday lives of Steve, Terri, and the employees of Australia Zoo. The first season (filmed in 1998 and aired in 2002) covered, among other things, Terri's pregnancy with her and Steve's first child Bindi, medical problems with Steve's dog Sui, the construction of the Crocoseum, daily ups and downs experienced by zoo staff on the job and animal rescue adventures.", "Q2525496": "Heberto Castillo Mart\u00ednez (August 23, 1928 \u2013 April 5, 1997) was a Mexican civil engineer and political activist.\nCastillo was born in Ixhuatl\u00e1n de Madero, Veracruz, and received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the National Autonomous University. An accomplished engineer, he taught several courses at the UNAM and at the National Polytechnic Institute, wrote several textbooks and invented the tridilosa.\nHe became a political activist and got involved in several workers' rights struggles, leading to imprisonment by the federal government in the infamous Lecumberri Penitentiary. Castillo was one of the first among leading left-wing politicians to express dismay at the dictatorial nature of Soviet-bloc governments, starting a movement towards a social democracy-based left wing and away from a Moscow-based left leaning opposition in Mexico.\nDuring his lifetime he co-founded three political parties: the Mexican Workers' Party (Partido Mexicano de los Trabajadores, PMT), the Mexican Socialist Party (Partido Mexicano Socialista, PMS) and the Party of the Democratic Revolution (Partido de la Revoluci\u00f3n Democr\u00e1tica, PRD). In his last years in politics he became a staunch critic of the Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas and, crucially, voluntarily withdrew from the presidential race in 1988 to support the unified candidacy of Cuauht\u00e9moc C\u00e1rdenas.\nHe died on April 5, 1997 in Mexico City and received the Belisario Dom\u00ednguez Medal of Honor (postmortem) that same year.", "Q103681": "Karl Volk (1 April 1896 \u2013 March 1961) was a Communist politician, journalist and German Resistance fighter against Nazism.", "Q729541": "Frances Brooke (n\u00e9e Moore; 12 January 1724 \u2013 23 January 1789) was an English novelist, essayist, playwright and translator. She was the author of the first English novel to be written in Canada.", "Q29092": "Desmond Wilkinson Llewelyn (pronounced [\u026c\u025b\u02c8w\u025bl\u026an]; 12 September 1914 \u2013 19 December 1999) was a Welsh actor, best known for his role as Q in 17 of the James Bond films between 1963 and 1999.", "Q77688": "Ruth Westheimer (born June 4, 1928), better known as Dr. Ruth, is an Israeli American sex therapist, media personality, author, radio, television talk show host, and Holocaust survivor. Her media career began in 1980 with the radio show Sexually Speaking, which continued until 1990. She has hosted several series on the Lifetime Channel and other cable television networks from 1984 to 1993 and is the author of 45 books on sex and sexuality.\n\n", "Q94513": "Joseph Schmidt (March 4, 1904 \u2013 November 16, 1942) was an Austro-Hungarian and Romanian Jewish tenor and actor. He was born in Davideny (Ukrainian: Davydivka) village in the Storozhynets district of the Bukovina province of Austria-Hungary, which became part of Romania after World War I and is now part of Ukraine.\n\n", "Q113492": "Caprice Bourret (born October 24, 1971) is an American businesswoman, model, actress, television personality. She lives in London where she runs her company, By Caprice.\n\n", "Q216234": "Franz Carl Adalbert Eberwein (10 November 1786 - 2 March 1868) was a German composer and violinist. He was born in Weimar, Germany and learned music under the consultation of his father. He was good friends with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and put music to many of his works, such as Faust and to Proserpina. There is also at least one flute concerto, a quatuor brillant (string quartet with leading violin; opus 4, after 1805?) in A major, song cycles and cantatas (some but not all to words by Goethe; also a Trauercantate to words by Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer, Eberwein's opus 21 published in 1830.)", "Q312720": "Robert Penn Warren (April 24, 1905 \u2013 September 15, 1989) was an American poet, novelist, and literary critic and was one of the founders of New Criticism. He was also a charter member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers. He founded the literary journal The Southern Review with Cleanth Brooks in 1935. He received the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel for All the King's Men (1946) and the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1958 and 1979. He is the only person to have won Pulitzer Prizes for both fiction and poetry.", "Q57558": "Islam Abduganiyevich Karimov (Uzbek: Islom Abdug\u02bbaniyevich Karimov; Russian: \u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432; 30 January 1938 \u2013 2 September 2016) was the leader of Uzbekistan and its predecessor state, the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, from 1989 until his death in 2016. He was the last First Secretary of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan from 1989 to 1991, when the party was reconstituted as the People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (PDP); he led the PDP until 1996. He was the President of the Uzbek SSR from 24 March 1990 until he declared the independence of Uzbekistan on 1 September 1991.He declared Uzbekistan an independent nation on 31 August 1991 and subsequently won its first presidential election on 29 December 1991, with 86% of the vote. Foreign observers and opposition party cited voting irregularities, alleging state-run propaganda and a falsified vote count, although the opposing candidate and leader of the Erk Liberty Party, Muhammad Salih, had a chance to participate. Karimov's first presidential term was extended to 2000 by way of a referendum, and he was re-elected in 2000, 2007 and 2015, each time receiving over 90% of the vote. He died on 2 September 2016, after being president of the country for over 25 years.", "Q54051": "This article refers to the 12th century Polish monarch. For the 14th century founder of the Jagiellon dynasty, see Jogaila, and for other monarchs with similar names, see Ladislaus II (disambiguation).\nVladislaus II the Exile (Polish: W\u0142adys\u0142aw II Wygnaniec) (1105 \u2013 30 May 1159) was a High Duke of Poland and Duke of Silesia from 1138 until his expulsion in 1146. He is the progenitor of the Silesian Piasts.", "Q545423": "Jacques S\u00e9raphin Marie Audiberti (March 25, 1899 \u2013 July 10, 1965) was a French playwright, poet and novelist and exponent of the Theatre of the Absurd.\nAudiberti was born in Antibes, France, the son of Louis Audiberti, a master mason, and his wife, Victorine. He began his writing career as a journalist, moving to Paris in 1925 to write for Le Journal and Le Petit Parisien. Later, he wrote more than 20 plays on the theme of conflicting good and evil.He married \u00c9lisabeth-C\u00e9cile-Am\u00e9lie Savane in 1926. They had two daughters, Jacqueline (born 1926) and Marie-Louise (born 1928). He died in Paris in 1965, aged 66, and is interred in the Cimeti\u00e8re de Pantin, Pantin, Ile-de-France Region, France", "Q244214": "Heather Ren\u00e9e Sweet (born September 28, 1972), known professionally as Dita Von Teese, is an American vedette, burlesque dancer, model, businesswoman, fashion designer, singer, and actress. She is credited with re-popularizing burlesque performance, earning the moniker \"Queen of Burlesque\".", "Q106921": "Lorenz Bock (born August 12, 1883 in Nordstetten; died August 3, 1948 in Rottweil) was a German lawyer and politician. He was first with the Center Party, later with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).", "Q451324": "Highpoint is a Canadian 1982 action comedy-thriller film directed by Peter Carter and starring Richard Harris, Christopher Plummer and Beverly D'Angelo.\nThe film was shot on location in Montreal and Toronto, and is perhaps best remembered for its climax atop CN Tower, in which stuntman Dar Robinson (doubling for Plummer) makes the 700-foot jump in freefall, protected only by a hidden parachute. The film underwent a lengthy and troubled post-production period. Originally filmed in 1979 as a comedic thriller in the vein of North by Northwest, the film was shelved for two years during which extensive reshoots took place. The film was given a limited release in Europe in 1982. Due to negative critical and audience reception concerning its convoluted plot and poor pacing, the film was heavily re-edited by North American distributor New World Pictures, removing much of the comedy and replacing John Addison's original score with one by Christopher Young. This version was released in theaters in 1984, and provided the basis for future home video releases.", "Q384024": "Alan Kou (Chinese: \u67ef\u6709\u502b; pinyin: K\u0113 Y\u01d2ul\u00fan), also known as Alan Ko, is a Taiwanese singer and actor.", "Q171571": "Hayden Lesley Panettiere (; born August 21, 1989) is an American actress, model, and singer. She is known for playing Lizzie Spaulding on the soap opera Guiding Light, cheerleader Claire Bennet on the NBC Superhero series Heroes (2006\u20132010) and Juliette Barnes in the ABC/CMT musical drama series Nashville (2012\u20132018).\nA native of New York, she first appeared in a commercial at the age of eleven months. Her full-time acting career began by playing Sarah Roberts on One Life to Live (1994\u20131997) and Lizzie Spaulding on Guiding Light (1996\u20132000), and then played Sheryl Yoast in the Disney feature film Remember the Titans at age ten. Other roles include her portrayal of the title character in the true crime drama Amanda Knox: Murder on Trial in Italy, the original voice actress for Kairi in the Kingdom Hearts series, and Kirby Reed in the slasher film Scream 4. She received two nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Series, Miniseries or Television Film, for her work on Nashville in 2012 and 2013.", "Q87209": "Heinrich Cunow (11 April 1862, in Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Schwerin \u2013 20 August 1936) was a German Social Democratic Party politician and a Marxist theorist.\nCunow was originally against the First World War in 1914 but he changed his viewpointi after it had started. In 1915 he joined Paul Lensch and Konrad Haenisch in the Lensch-Cunow-Haenisch group. He called for Karl Radek's expulsion from the SPD citing Radek's Der Deutsche Imperialismus und die Deutsche Arbeiterschaft (German imperialism and German workers) as exhibiting Botokudische logic, referring to a South American Aimor\u00e9 people who were subject to Portuguese genocide during their conquest of Brazil. Cunow argued that German imperialism was progressive as antiquated methods of production by primitive people was swept aside by modernisation and industrial growth. In this period he denounced the statement by the Social Democratic parliamentary group in defence of a universal right of self-determination for all people. Rather than being a natural right, Cunow defended self-determination for nations with a higher and democratic culture, but opposed it when it provided a subterfuge behind which mere national aggrandisement lay hidden. In this he was opposed by Karl Kautsky.\nHe took over as editor the Social Democratic theoretical journal Die Neue Zeit when Kautsky split to join the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) in 1917 and held the position until 1923 following the merger of the USPD with the Majority Social Democratic Party of Germany. Cunow was appointed in 1919 as an associate professor of social sciences and economic history at the Frederick William University of Berlin.", "Q3645795": "Bruno Hasbrouck Zimm (October 31, 1920 \u2013 November 26, 2005) was an American chemist. He was a professor of chemistry and biochemistry from University of California, San Diego, and a leading polymer chemist and DNA researcher.", "Q204630": "Phillip Calvin McGraw (born September 1, 1950), also known as Dr. Phil, is an American television personality, author, and former psychologist who is the host of the television show Dr. Phil. He holds a doctorate in clinical psychology, but he is not licensed to practice. McGraw first gained celebrity status with appearances on The Oprah Winfrey Show in the late 1990s.\nRaised in the South Central United States, McGraw played college football for the University of Tulsa and Midwestern State University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in psychology. He then earned his Master of Arts in experimental psychology and Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of North Texas. He began working in private practice for several years while also holding large seminars for patients.\nMcGraw's fame began in 1998, when he began making weekly appearances on The Oprah Winfrey Show. Oprah Winfrey then helped McGraw launch his own program, Dr. Phil, in September 2002. The show is formatted as an advice show. In October 2003, he launched the Dr. Phil Foundation which is dedicated toward fighting childhood obesity.", "Q89224": "Hermann von Beckerath (13 December 1801 in Krefeld \u2013 12 May 1870 also in Krefeld) was a banker and Prussian statesman.", "Q121346": "Alfred Bayer (born March 8, 1933 in Munich) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.He graduated in economics from the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich in 1957. From 1994-2004 he was the chairman of the Hanns Seidel Foundation.", "Q86117": "Joseph Ferdinand Sonnleithner (3 March 1766 \u2013 25 December 1835) was an Austrian librettist, theater director, archivist and lawyer. He was the son of Christoph Sonnleithner, brother of Ignaz von Sonnleithner and uncle of Franz Grillparzer and Leopold von Sonnleithner. He was a personal friend and attorney of Ludwig van Beethoven, and he wrote numerous librettos, among them, Beethoven's stage opera Fidelio, Faniska by Luigi Cherubini and Agnes Sorel by Adalbert Gyrowetz.", "Q151879": "Fernando Armindo Lugo M\u00e9ndez (Spanish pronunciation: [fe\u027e\u02c8nando a\u027e\u02c8mindo \u02c8lu\u0263o \u02c8mendes]; born 30 May 1951) is a Paraguayan politician who was President of Paraguay from 2008 to 2012. Previously he was a Roman Catholic priest and bishop, serving as Bishop of the Diocese of San Pedro from 1994 to 2005. He was elected as president in 2008, an election that ended 61 years of rule by the Colorado Party.In 2012, he was removed from office through an impeachment process that neighboring countries deemed a coup d'\u00e9tat. He was elected to the Senate of Paraguay in the 2013 general elections.", "Q286141": "Reclaim your Brain (German: Free Rainer \u2013 Dein Fernseher l\u00fcgt) is a 2007 German film directed by Hans Weingartner.", "Q177100": "James Linn (1749 \u2013 January 5, 1821) was a politician who served as a United States Representative from New Jersey.\n\n", "Q81678": "Don Pero (or Pedro) L\u00f3pez de Ayala (1332\u20131407) was a Castilian statesman, historian, poet, chronicler, chancellor, and courtier.", "Q359251": "Jean Pierre Carl Buron (12 July 1886 \u2013 2 June 1956), known professionally as Jean Hersholt, was a Danish-American actor. He is best known for starring on the radio series Dr. Christian (1937\u20131954) and in the film Heidi (1937). Asked how to pronounce his name, he told The Literary Digest, \"In English, her'sholt; in Danish, hairs'hult.\" Of his total credits, 75 were silent films and 65 were sound films (140 total); he directed four.", "Q111285": "Heike Wilms-Kegel (born October 19, 1952 in Bremen) served in the Bundestag for the German Green Party from 1987 to 1990. \nShe represented Rhineland-Palatinate. In 1996, she was a physician and was hired as the administrator for the Heilb\u00e4derverband, a lobby organization for spas and rehabilitation clinics, based in Bonn.", "Q713805": "Joseph Norman Alessi (born September 20, 1959) is an American classical trombonist who is currently Principal Trombone of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra and a soloist, teacher/clinician and recording artist.", "Q34969": "Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 [O.S. January 6, 1705] \u2013 April 17, 1790) was an American polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was a leading writer, printer, political philosopher, politician, Freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, humorist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. As an inventor, he is known for the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove, among other inventions. He founded many civic organizations, including the Library Company, Philadelphia's first fire department and the University of Pennsylvania.Franklin earned the title of \"The First American\" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity, initially as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies. As the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation. Franklin was foundational in defining the American ethos as a marriage of the practical values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit, self-governing institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment. In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager, \"In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat.\" To Walter Isaacson, this makes Franklin \"the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would become.\"Franklin became a successful newspaper editor and printer in Philadelphia, the leading city in the colonies, publishing the Pennsylvania Gazette at the age of 23. He became wealthy publishing this and Poor Richard's Almanack, which he authored under the pseudonym \"Richard Saunders\". After 1767, he was associated with the Pennsylvania Chronicle, a newspaper that was known for its revolutionary sentiments and criticisms of British policies.\nHe pioneered and was the first president of Academy and College of Philadelphia which opened in 1751 and later became the University of Pennsylvania. He organized and was the first secretary of the American Philosophical Society and was elected president in 1769. Franklin became a national hero in America as an agent for several colonies when he spearheaded an effort in London to have the Parliament of Great Britain repeal the unpopular Stamp Act. An accomplished diplomat, he was widely admired among the French as American minister to Paris and was a major figure in the development of positive Franco-American relations. His efforts proved vital for the American Revolution in securing shipments of crucial munitions from France.\nHe was promoted to deputy postmaster-general for the British colonies in 1753, having been Philadelphia postmaster for many years, and this enabled him to set up the first national communications network. During the revolution, he became the first United States Postmaster General. He was active in community affairs and colonial and state politics, as well as national and international affairs. From 1785 to 1788, he served as governor of Pennsylvania. He initially owned and dealt in slaves but, by the late 1750s, he began arguing against slavery and became an abolitionist.\nHis life and legacy of scientific and political achievement, and his status as one of America's most influential Founding Fathers, have seen Franklin honored more than two centuries after his death on coinage and the $100 bill, warships, and the names of many towns, counties, educational institutions, and corporations, as well as countless cultural references.", "Q179139": "Anja Antonowicz (born 22 December 1981 in Wloclawek, Poland) is a Polish actress. She appeared in the comedy television series Bao-Bab, czyli zielono mi in 2003. She received a German Television Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress (Beste Schauspielerin in einer Nebenrolle), in 2005, for \"Bella Block\" in the episode \"Die Frau des Teppichlegers\". She has also starred in a recurring role in Lindenstra\u00dfe as Nastya Pashenko.", "Q1342312": "Jonathan Thomas Squire (born 24 November 1962) is an English musician, songwriter and artist. He was the guitarist for The Stone Roses, a rock band in which he formed a songwriting partnership with lead singer Ian Brown. After leaving the Stone Roses he went on to found The Seahorses and has since released two solo albums. In 2007, Squire gave up music to fully commit to painting. However, he later returned to music when the Stone Roses reformed in 2011.\nSquire has been described as one of the most accomplished and influential British rock guitarists of the late 1980s and early 1990s, known for his chiming melodies, spiraling riffs and live solos. He was voted the 13th greatest guitarist of the last 30 years in a national poll by BBC 6 Music in 2010.", "Q722400": "Preston Thomas Tucker (September 21, 1903 \u2013 December 26, 1956) was an American automobile entrepreneur.\nHe is most remembered for his Tucker 48 sedan, initially nicknamed the \"Tucker Torpedo\", an automobile which introduced many features that have since become widely used in modern cars. Production of the Tucker '48 was shut down amidst scandal and controversial accusations of stock fraud on March 3, 1949. The 1988 movie Tucker: The Man and His Dream is based on Tucker's spirit and the saga surrounding the car's production.\n\n", "Q297058": "Xu Jinglei (Chinese: \u5f90\u9759\u857e, born 16 April 1974) is a Chinese actress and film director. She was hailed as one of the Four Dan Actresses in China. In 2002, Xu won the Huabiao Award for Outstanding New Actress for her performance in I Love You and the Hundred Flowers Award for Best Actress for Spring Subway. The same year, she won the Golden Rooster Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Far From Home.", "Q171565": "Marius Aristide Yves Giraud-Cabantous (8 October 1904 \u2013 30 March 1973) was a racing driver from France. He drove in Formula One from 1950 to 1953, participating in 13 World Championship Grands Prix, plus numerous non-Championship Formula One races.Giraud-Cabantous was born in Saint-Gaudens. He drove a Talbot-Lago-Talbot in 10 Championship races in 1950 and 1951, and his final three events were in an HWM-Alta. He amassed a total of 5 Championship points, 3 at the 1950 British Grand Prix (also his highest finish, a 4th place) and 2 at the 1951 Belgian Grand Prix. He died in Paris, aged 68.", "Q384030": "Stephen James \"Steve\" Doocy (; born October 19, 1956) is host of Fox & Friends on the Fox News Channel and an author.", "Q64186": "Bad Zurzach is a municipality in the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district.\nBad Zurzach was previously known as Zurzach; the population voting for the official name change in a referendum of 21 May 2006. Located on the Rhine, Bad Zurzach has a thermal water bath and an outdoor bathing facility. The old market town, the St. Verena convent church with its treasure, the Roman Catholic Church and the late Roman castle Tenedo on the Kirchlibuck hill are listed as heritage sites of national significance.", "Q1374878": "John Levy (April 11, 1912 \u2013 January 20, 2012) was an American jazz double-bassist and businessman.", "Q842909": "William Marsh Rice University, commonly known as Rice University, is a private research university in Houston, Texas. The university is situated on a 300-acre (121 ha) campus near the Houston Museum District and is adjacent to the Texas Medical Center.\nOpened in 1912 after the murder of its namesake William Marsh Rice, Rice is a research university with an undergraduate focus. Its emphasis on education is demonstrated by a small student body and 6:1 student-faculty ratio, and it has been nationally recognized as a leading university for undergraduate teaching. The university has a very high level of research activity, with $140.2 million in sponsored research funding in 2016. Rice is noted for its applied science programs in the fields of artificial heart research, structural chemical analysis, signal processing, space science, and nanotechnology. It was ranked first in the world in materials science research by the Times Higher Education (THE) in 2010. Rice is a member of the Association of American Universities.\nThe university is organized into eleven residential colleges and eight schools of academic study, including the Wiess School of Natural Sciences, the George R. Brown School of Engineering, the School of Social Sciences, School of Architecture, Shepherd School of Music and the School of Humanities. Rice's undergraduate program offers more than fifty majors and two dozen minors, and allows a high level of flexibility in pursuing multiple degree programs. Additional graduate programs are offered through the Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business and the Susanne M. Glasscock School of Continuing Studies. Rice students are bound by the strict Honor Code, which is enforced by a student-run Honor Council.Rice competes in 14 NCAA Division I varsity sports and is a part of Conference USA, often competing with its cross-town rival the University of Houston. Intramural and club sports are offered in a wide variety of activities such as jiu jitsu, water polo, and crew.\nThe university has produced numerous prominent alumni, including more than two dozen Marshall Scholars and a dozen Rhodes Scholars. Given the university's close links to NASA, it has produced a significant number of astronauts and space scientists. In business, Rice graduates have become CEOs and founders of Fortune 500 companies; in politics, alumni have won positions as congressmen, cabinet secretaries, judges, and mayors. Two alumni have won the Nobel Prize, and numerous others are leading researchers in science, technology, and engineering.", "Q121352": "Ewald Oskar Ludwig L\u00f6ser (11 April 1888 \u2013 23 December 1970) was a German lawyer, a board member of Krupp AG and a member of the resistance to Nazism.\nHe was born in Storkow, Brandenburg and gained a doctorate in Administrative Law from The University of G\u00f6ttingen in 1911. From 1930 to 1934 he served under Karl Goerdeler as the deputy mayor and treasurer of the city of Leipzig.\nHe joined board of the Friedrich Krupp AG in 1934 as Director of Administration and Finance. From 1939 he was also on the board of Dresdner Bank. In 1943 Karl Goerdeler\nconvinced him of the necessity of a coup to overthrow Hitler. If the 20 July Plot assassination attempt had succeeded he was earmarked to be the Minister of Finance. He was arrested in its aftermath and on 20 October 1944 was tried by the People's Court, but he succeeded in convincing Roland Freisler that he was suffering from memory loss. Avoiding conviction he was committed to a sanatorium and survived the war.\nIn 1947 he was indicted at the Krupp Trial for war crimes, including use of slave labor and plunder of occupied Europe. Following his conviction in 1948 he was imprisoned for seven years. He died in 1970 aged 82.", "Q63831": "Hafizullah Amin (Pashto/Dari: \u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u200e; born 1 August 1929 \u2013 27 December 1979) was an Afghan communist politician during the Cold War. Amin was born in Paghman and educated at Kabul University, after which he started his career as a teacher. After a few years in that occupation, he went to the United States to study. He would visit the United States a second time before moving permanently to Afghanistan, and starting his career in radical politics. He ran as a candidate in the 1965 parliamentary election but failed to secure a seat. Amin was the only Khalqist elected to parliament in the 1969 parliamentary election, thus increasing his standing within the party. He was one of the leading organizers of the Saur Revolution which overthrew the government of Mohammad Daoud Khan. In 1979 he named himself president, prime minister, and chairman of the Khalq wing. He has been described as \"ruthless\" and a \"radical Marxist\".Amin's short-lived presidency was marked by controversies from beginning to end. He came to power by disposing of his predecessor Nur Muhammad Taraki and later ordering his death. Amin made attempts to win support from those who revolted against the communist regime which had begun under Taraki, but his government was unable to solve this problem. Many Afghans held Amin responsible for the regime's harshest measures, such as ordering thousands of executions. Thousands of people disappeared without trace during his time in office. The Soviet Union, which was dissatisfied with Amin, intervened in Afghanistan while invoking the Twenty-Year Treaty of Friendship between Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. Amin was assassinated by the Soviets on 27 December 1979 as part of Operation Storm-333, having ruled for slightly longer than three months.", "Q25864": "The Technical University of Madrid or sometimes called Polytechnic University of Madrid (Spanish: Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, UPM) is a Spanish university, located in Madrid. It was founded in 1971 as the result of merging different Technical Schools of Engineering and Architecture, originating mainly in the 18th century. Over 35,000 students attend classes during the year.\nAccording to the annual university ranking conducted by El Mundo, the Technical University of Madrid ranks as the top technical university in Spain, and second overall. The majority of its Engineering Schools are consistently ranked as leading academic institutions in Spain in their fields, and among the very best in Europe.\nThe UPM is part of the TIME network, which groups fifty engineering schools throughout Europe.", "Q167307": "Domenico Mintoff, (Maltese: Duminku Mintoff; often called il-Perit, \"the Architect\"; 6 August 1916 \u2013 20 August 2012) was a Maltese Socialist politician, architect, anti-colonialist revolutionary, and civil engineer who was leader of the Labour Party from 1949 to 1984, and was 8th Prime Minister of Malta from 1955 to 1958, when Malta was still a British colony, and again, following independence, from 1971 to 1984. His tenure as Prime Minister saw the creation of a comprehensive welfare state, nationalisation of large corporations, a substantial increase in the general standard of living and the establishment of the Maltese republic, but was later on marred by a stagnant economy, a rise in authoritarianism and outbreaks of political violence.\n\n", "Q14944631": "EMI Records Japan was a Japanese record label which operated as a sublabel of Universal Music Japan. Established in April 2013, it is the successor of its previous entity as a company, EMI Music Japan. The sublabel's headquarters is located at Universal Music Japan's main office at Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. On February 2014, the sublabel has been divided into two separate sublabels, EMI Records, which contains the combined Nayutawave Records and more than half of the EMI Records Japan roster, and EMI R, which consists of the remaining EMI Records Japan artists. On July 2014, EMI R was renamed to Virgin Records.", "Q9503": "Suspense is a state of mental uncertainty, anxiety, of being undecided, or of being doubtful. In a dramatic work, suspense is the anticipation of the outcome of a plot or of the solution to an uncertainty, puzzle, or mystery, particularly as it affects a character for whom one has sympathy. However, suspense is not exclusive to fiction.", "Q291429": "Portia Ann Doubleday (born June 22, 1988) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Sheeni Saunders in the film Youth in Revolt (2009), Chris Hargensen in the film Carrie (2013), and as Angela Moss in the USA Network television drama Mr. Robot (2015\u20132019).", "Q359245": "Veikko Aaltonen (born 1 December 1955 in S\u00e4\u00e4ksm\u00e4ki, Finland) is a Finnish director, editor, sound editor, production manager and film and television writer and actor.\nAaltonen began his career in the mid-1970s working as a sound editor on various films. Early in his career he worked with Rauni Mollberg as co-writer on two of his films, Milka (1980) and The Unknown Soldier (1985).\nIn 1987 Aaltonen directed his first feature film, Tilinteko, which he co-wrote with Aki Kaurism\u00e4ki, who also produced the film. Five years later he directed a film that has been considered his primary breakthrough, The Prodigal Son (1992). Aaltonene was the first Finnish director to work on topics like pedophilia, Sadomasochism and sexual subjugation without credibility and morality.Aaltonen has also made documentaries and directed TV series.\n\n", "Q96310": "Robert Hermann Garbe (pronounced 'Garber') (9 January 1847 \u2013 23 May 1932) was a German railway engineer and chief engineer of the Berlin division in the Prussian state railways from 1895 to 1917. He was especially known for his steam locomotive designs and is described as one of the greatest authorities on the locomotive. He was the first to suggest the use of superheated steam, universally. However, he saw superheated steam as competing with other innovations such as double expansion compound steam engines (he held a grudge against Hannver's August Borries that his pupil Richard Paul Wagner inherited) or combustion chambers.\nHis designs were, on the one hand, simple to maintain and operate; on the other hand, he blocked innovations that every other pre-Reichsbahn state railway used successfully. He held the belief that two coupled axles were enough for any express engine (his masterpiece being the Prussian S 6 class) and trailing axles as in the \"Pacific\" configuration were unnecessary. The Prussian P 8 class had to be re-designed almost entirely from his design to become successful, and he envisaged it as an express engine.\nIn that way, he is known as one of the key pioneers of locomotive design because of his achievements concerning the use of superheated steam; his image is tarnished, however, by a conservatism that was proven wrong time and again contemporarily (eg by the Bavarian S 3/6) and thereafter Andr\u00e9 Chapelon designed highly-successful modern compound locomotives, proving the success of every single innovation Garbe rejected).", "Q76582": "Shatranj Ke Khilari (English: The Chess Players) is a 1977 Indian film written and directed by Satyajit Ray, based on Munshi Premchand's short story of the same name. Amjad Khan plays the role of Wajid Ali Shah, King of Awadh, and Richard Attenborough plays the role of General James Outram. The film also features the actors Sanjeev Kumar, Saeed Jaffrey, Shabana Azmi, David Abraham, and Tom Alter, as well as Amitabh Bachchan as the narrator. This is the first Hindi feature film of filmmaker Satyajit Ray and second being 'Sadgati'- another adaptation of Premchand's short story.", "Q173372": "Samuel David \"Sam\" Michael (born 29 April 1971) is an Australian motor sports engineer and designer, who held senior positions with Formula One constructors Williams and McLaren. He is currently employed by Supercar team Triple Eight Race Engineering.\n\n", "Q77844": "Heinz Sielmann (2 June 1917 in Rheydt (now M\u00f6nchengladbach), Germany \u2013 6 October 2006 in Munich) was a wildlife photographer, biologist, zoologist and documentary filmmaker.", "Q134039": "Ned Brooks (August 13, 1901 \u2013 April 13, 1969) was an American television and radio journalist who was moderator of NBC's Meet the Press on television from 1953 until 1965, and earlier on radio. Brooks is the second-longest tenured moderator of the program, after Tim Russert.\nBorn in Kansas City, Missouri, he was raised in Warren, Ohio, and attended public schools there. He was a 1924 graduate of The Ohio State University where he became a member of Phi Kappa Tau fraternity. He began his career in newspaper reporting in Ohio at the Ohio State Journal and for Scripps-Howard newspapers for whom he covered Congress from 1932 until 1947. For five years he was managing editor of the Youngstown (Ohio) Telegram. He was later a broadcaster for Three-Star Extra, carried on NBC radio (but produced by the ad agency for its sponsor, Sunoco).", "Q1052807": "Wrigley Field is a baseball park located on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois. It is the home of the Chicago Cubs, one of the city's two Major League Baseball (MLB) franchises. It first opened in 1914 as Weeghman Park for Charles Weeghman's Chicago Whales of the Federal League, which folded after the 1915 baseball season. The Cubs played their first home game at the park on April 20, 1916, defeating the Cincinnati Reds with a score of 7\u20136 in 11 innings. Chewing gum magnate William Wrigley Jr. of the Wrigley Company acquired complete control of the Cubs in 1921. It was named Cubs Park from 1920 to 1926, before being renamed Wrigley Field in 1927.\nIn the North Side community area of Lakeview in the Wrigleyville neighborhood, Wrigley Field is on an irregular block bounded by Clark (west) and Addison (south) streets and Waveland (north) and Sheffield (east) avenues. Wrigley Field is nicknamed \"The Friendly Confines\", a phrase popularized by \"Mr. Cub\", Hall of Fame shortstop and first baseman Ernie Banks. The oldest park in the National League, the current seating capacity is 42,495; it is the second-oldest in the majors after Fenway Park (1912), and the only remaining Federal League park.Wrigley Field is known for its ivy-covered brick outfield wall, the unusual wind patterns off Lake Michigan, the iconic red marquee over the main entrance, the hand-turned scoreboard, its location in a primarily residential neighborhood with no parking lots and views from the rooftops behind the outfield, and for being the last Major League park to have lights installed for play after dark, in 1988. Between 1921 and 1970, it was the home of the Chicago Bears of the National Football League, and was also the home of the Chicago Cardinals (now Arizona Cardinals) of the National Football League from 1931 to 1938. The elevation of its playing field is 600 feet (180 m) above sea level.", "Q387539": "Hollywood Records, Inc. is an American record label of the Disney Music Group. The label focuses in pop, rock, alternative, hip hop, and country genres, as well as specializing in mature recordings not suitable for the flagship Walt Disney Records label. Founded in 1989, its current roster includes artists such as Jordan Fisher, Zella Day, Queen, Zendaya, Ocean Park Standoff, Dreamers, Bea Miller, Martina Stoessel, Breaking Benjamin, Jorge Blanco, Sabrina Carpenter, R5, Olivia Holt, Sofia Carson, Forever in Your Mind, New Hope Club, Joywave, Maddie Poppe, ScaryPoolParty and In Real Life. The label also releases soundtrack albums from Marvel Studios, 20th Century Studios and Searchlight Pictures since their acquisitions by Disney.", "Q103695": "Manfred Salzgeber (10 January 1943 in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a - 12 August 1994 in Berlin) was a German actor and film producer. He was director of the \"Sektion Panorama\" at the Internationales Filmfestspiel Berlin. He was a co-founder of the Internationales Forum des Jungen Films and founded the film company edition manfred salzgeber.\n\n", "Q445345": "Bohdan Osadchuk (1 August 1920 \u2013 19 October 2011) was a Ukrainian historian and journalist.Dr. Bohdan Osadchuk was born in Kolomyia. He was a professor at the Free University of Berlin, one of the most senior members of the Ukrainian Free University (UFU) of Munich, and a long-standing freelance writer for Kultura, a Polish emigre magazine published in Paris (editor Jerzy Giedroyc). In 2009 he was awarded a Bene Merito Honour medal by Foreign Minister Rados\u0142aw Sikorski in recognition of scientific achievements and efforts to Polish-Ukrainian reconciliation.He died in Czech\u00f3wka near My\u015blenice situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.", "Q3748": "Monrovia is the capital city of the West African country of Liberia. Located on the Atlantic Coast at Cape Mesurado, Monrovia had a population of 1,010,970 as of the 2008 census. With 29% of the total population of Liberia, Monrovia is the country's most populous city.Founded on April 25, 1822, Monrovia was the second permanent African American settlement in Africa after Freetown, Sierra Leone. Monrovia's economy is shaped primarily by its harbour and its role as the location of Liberia's government offices.", "Q709685": "Franti\u0161ek Gellner (19 June 1881 \u2013 disappeared September 1914) was a Czech poet, short story writer, artist and anarchist.", "Q113486": "Matthias Rettner (born April 9, 1963) is a German culture manager and theatre maker.\n\n", "Q29086": "Matthew Lyn Lillard (born January 24, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor, director, and producer. His early film work includes Chip Sutphin in Serial Mom (1994), Emmanuel \"Cereal Killer\" Goldstein in Hackers (1995), Stu Macher in Scream (1996), Stevo in SLC Punk! (1998), Tim LaFlour in Senseless (1998) and Billy Brubaker in Summer Catch (2001). He played Shaggy Rogers in two live action Scooby-Doo movies, Scooby-Doo (2002) and Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004), and in animation, he has been the voice of Shaggy since Casey Kasem retired from the role in 2009.Lillard's later film roles include Jerry Conlaine in Without a Paddle (2004), Dez Howard in The Groomsmen (2006), Joey in Home Run Showdown (2012), and Jack Rusoe in Return to Nim's Island (2013). While much of his work is comedic in nature, Lillard has given dramatic performances in The Descendants (2011), Trouble with the Curve (2012) and Match (2014). He made his directorial debut with the coming-of-age drama Fat Kid Rules the World (2012). Since 2018, Lillard also stars as Dean Boland in the television series Good Girls.", "Q560847": "James Harris \"Jim\" Simons (; born April 25, 1938) is an American mathematician, billionaire hedge fund manager, and philanthropist. He is known as a quantitative investor and in 1982 founded Renaissance Technologies, a private hedge fund based in Setauket-East Setauket, New York. Due to the success of Renaissance in general and its Medallion Fund in particular, Simons has been described as the greatest investor on Wall Street. As reported by Forbes, his net worth as of October 2019 is estimated to be $21.6 billion, making Simons the 21st-richest man in the United States.\nSimons is known for his studies on pattern recognition. He also developed (with Shiing-Shen Chern) the Chern\u2013Simons form, and contributed to the development of string theory by providing a theoretical framework to combine geometry and topology with quantum field theory. From 1968 to 1978, Simons was a mathematics professor and chairman of the mathematics department at Stony Brook University.In 1994, Simons founded the Simons Foundation with his wife to support researches in mathematics and fundamental sciences. He is one of the biggest donors to the University of California, Berkeley's Mathematical Sciences Research Institute where he also serves as a member of Board of Trustees, and established the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing at Berkeley in 2012. In 2016, asteroid 6618 Jimsimons, discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1936, was named after Simons by the International Astronomical Union in honor of his contributions to mathematics and philanthropy.", "Q236696": "Kathleen Denise Quinlan (born November 19, 1954) is an American film and television actress. She received a Best Actress Golden Globe nomination for the 1977 film I Never Promised You a Rose Garden and a Best Supporting Actress Academy Award nomination for her role in the 1995 film Apollo 13. Her other film appearances include American Graffiti (1973), Airport '77 (1977), The Promise (1979), The Runner Stumbles (1979), Sunday Lovers (1980), Sunset (1988), Clara's Heart (1988), The Doors (1991), Breakdown (1997), and Breach (2007).", "Q40756": "Marshal of the Empire Michel Ney (French pronunciation: \u200b[mi\u0283\u025bl \u02c8n\u025b]), 1st Duke of Elchingen, 1st Prince of the Moskva (10 January 1769 \u2013 7 December 1815), popularly known as Marshal Ney, was a French soldier and military commander who fought in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was one of the original 18 Marshals of the Empire created by Napoleon. He was known as Le Rougeaud (\"red-faced\" or \"ruddy\") by his men and nicknamed le Brave des Braves (\"the bravest of the brave\") by Napoleon.\n\n", "Q5061084": "Central Finland (formerly Vaasa Province East) is a Finnish constituency represented in Eduskunta. It covers the administrative region of Central Finland, with a population of about 265,000 (as of 2002). Central Finland currently elects ten members of Eduskunta.\nThe constituency is largely rural, and the only major city in the area is Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4. The largest party in the 2011 election was the Centre Party.", "Q60486": "Wolfgang Iser (22 July 1926 \u2013 24 January 2007) was a German literary scholar.\n\n", "Q2705098": "Tarento (\u30bf\u30ec\u30f3\u30c8) are celebrities who regularly appear in mass media in Japan, especially television. The term is a gairaigo word \u2013 a borrowed foreign language word \u2013 derived from the English word talent (Japanese does not distinguish /l/ and /r/ sounds), and has a connotation of \"famous for being famous\". During the Golden Age of Hollywood, bankable stars in America were described as talents, and were distinguished from production crews, which were seen as having more technical than charismatic talents. In Japan the concept of tarento may approximate the English term celebrity, including the nuance that the fame of a Tarento may or may not be based upon specific accomplishments and abilities.", "Q432873": "Fiona Dourif (born October 30, 1981) is an American actress and producer. She is known for her role as Bart Curlish in BBC America's Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency and as the young Diane Jones in Dustin Lance Black's When We Rise. She has appeared in Showtime's Shameless and in a recurring role on NBC's The Blacklist. She played Nica Pierce in the 2013 horror film Curse of Chucky and its 2017 follow-up Cult of Chucky, which are part of the Child's Play franchise. In 2018, she was cast as Good Leader Tavis in the USA Network series The Purge.", "Q84072": "{{Infobox ethnic group\n| group = Turks\n| native_name = T\u00fcrkler\n| native_name_lang = tr\n| image = \n| image_caption = \n| pop = c.\u200975.7 million\n|popplace = Turkey 79,000,000-81,000,000(2018 est. of 2020 pop.) Northern Cyprus 315,000 \n| region1 = Germany\n| pop1 = 2,774,000 (incl. [[Kurds in Turkey|Kurds from Turkey])\n| region2 = France\n| pop2 = 820,000 (2014 estimate)\n| ref2 = \n| region3 = United Kingdom\n| pop3 = 500,000\n| ref3 = \n| region4 = Netherlands\n| pop4 = 396,414\u2013500,000\n| ref4 = \n| region5 = Austria\n| pop5 = 350,000\u2013500,000\n| ref5 = \n| region6 = Belgium\n| pop6 = 200,000\n| ref6 = \n| region8 = United States\n| pop8 = 196,222\u2013500,000 \n| ref8 = \n| region9 = Switzerland\n| pop9 = 70,440 \n| ref9 = \n| region10 = Australia\n| pop10 = 66,919\u2013150,000 \n| ref10 = \n| region11 = Sweden\n| pop11 = 49,948\n| ref11 = \n| region12 = Denmark\n| pop12 = 28,892 \n| ref12 = \n| region13 = Canada\n| pop13 = 24,910 \n| ref13 = \n|region14 = Italy\n|pop14 = 22,580 \n|ref14 = \n| region15 = Israel\n| pop15 = 22,000\n| ref15 = \n| region16 = Iraq\n| pop16 = 500,000\u20133,000,000\n| ref16 = \n| region18 = Syria\n| pop18 = 100,000\n| ref18 = \n| region19 = Saudi Arabia\n| pop19 = 150,000\u2013200,000 \n| ref19 = \n| region21 = Jordan\n| pop21 = 60,000\n| ref21 = \n| region22 = Lebanon\n| pop22 = 50,000\u2013200,000\n| ref22 = \n| region23 = Libya\n| pop23 = 50,000 \n| ref23 = Minorities in the Balkans\n| region24 = Bulgaria\n| pop24 = 588,318\u2013800,000\n| ref24 = \n| region25 = North Macedonia\n| pop25 = 77,959\n| ref25 =\n| region26 = Greece\n| pop26 = 49,000 (official estimate)\u2013130,000 \n| ref26 = \n| region27 = Romania\n| pop27 = 27,700\n| ref27 =\n| region28 = Kosovo\n| pop28 = 18,738\n| ref28 = | region29 = Russia\n| pop29 = 109,883\u2013150,000\n| ref29 = \n| region30 = Kazakhstan\n| pop30 = 104,792\u2013150,000 \n| ref30 = \n| region31 = Kyrgyzstan\n| pop31 = 40,953\u201350,000 \n| ref31 = \n| region32 = Azerbaijan\n| pop32 = 38,000\u2013110,000 \n| ref32 =\n| languages = Turkish\n| religions = \nPredominantly Islam(Sunni \u00b7 Alevi \u00b7 Bektashi \u00b7 Twelver Shia) Minority irreligious \u00b7 Christianity \u00b7 Judaism\n| footnotes = a. ^ The total figure is merely an estimation; sum of all the referenced populations.\n| region33 = Uzbekistan\n| pop33 = 15,000\u201320,000\n| ref33 = \n| region34 = Ukraine\n| pop34 = 8,844\n| ref34 = 10,000 Meskhetian Turks (academic estimates) plus 5,394 Turkish nationals (2009) \n| related = Oghuz Turks\n}}\nTurkish people or the Turks (Turkish: T\u00fcrkler), also known as Anatolian Turks (Turkish: Anadolu T\u00fcrkleri), are a Turkic ethnic group and nation native to Turkey and speaking Turkish, the most widely spoken Turkic language. They are the largest ethnic group in Turkey, as well as by far the largest ethnic group among the Turkic peoples. Ethnic Turkish minorities exist in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire. In addition, a Turkish diaspora has been established with modern migration, particularly in Western Europe.\nTurks from the Mangyshlak Peninsula in modern Kazakhstan settled in Anatolia in the 11th century, through the conquests of the Seljuk Turks. The region then began to transform from a predominantly Greek Christian society into a Turkish Muslim one. The Ottoman Empire came to rule much of the Balkans, the Caucasus, the Middle East (excluding Iran), and North Africa over the course of several centuries. The empire lasted until the end of the First World War, when it was defeated by the Allies and partitioned. Following the Turkish War of Independence that ended with the Turkish National Movement retaking much of the territory lost to the Allies, the Movement abolished the Ottoman sultanate on 1 November 1922 and proclaimed the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923. Not all Ottomans were Muslims and not all Ottoman Muslims were Turks, but by 1923, the majority of people living within the borders of the new Turkish republic identified as Turks.\nArticle 66 of the Turkish Constitution defines a \"Turk\" as \"anyone who is bound to the Turkish state through the bond of citizenship\". While the legal use of the term \"Turkish\" as it pertains to a citizen of Turkey is different from the term's ethnic definition, the majority of the Turkish population (an estimated 70\u201375 percent) is of Turkish ethnicity. The vast majority of Turks are Muslims.\n\n", "Q507162": "Andrew Sarris (October 31, 1928 \u2013 June 20, 2012) was an American film critic, a leading proponent of the auteur theory of film criticism.", "Q491114": "Hayward (; formerly Haywards, Haywards Station, and Haywood) is a city located in Alameda County, California in the East Bay subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area. With a 2018 population of 159,620, Hayward is the sixth largest city in the Bay Area and the third largest in Alameda County. Hayward was ranked as the 33rd most populous municipality in California. It is included in the San Francisco\u2013Oakland\u2013Fremont Metropolitan Statistical Area by the US Census. It is located primarily between Castro Valley and Union City, and lies at the eastern terminus of the San Mateo\u2013Hayward Bridge. The city was devastated early in its history by the 1868 Hayward earthquake. From the early 20th century until the beginning of the 1980s, Hayward's economy was dominated by its now defunct food canning and salt production industries.\n\n", "Q70695": "Glarus S\u00fcd is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Glarus. It comprises the upper Linth valley, and the entire Sernf valley, and includes the villages of Betschwanden, Braunwald, Diesbach, Elm, Engi, Haslen, H\u00e4tzingen, Leuggelbach, Linthal, Luchsingen, Matt, Mitl\u00f6di, Nidfurn, R\u00fcti, Schwanden, Schw\u00e4ndi and Sool.Glarus S\u00fcd is one of three municipalities of the canton of Glarus, the others being Glarus and Glarus Nord.", "Q123223": "William Porcher Miles (July 4, 1822 \u2013 May 11, 1899) was among the ardent states' rights advocates, supporters of slavery, and Southern secessionists who came to be known as the \"Fire-Eaters.\" He is notable for having designed the most popular variant of the Confederate flag, originally rejected as the national flag in 1861 but adopted as a battle flag by the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee before it was reincorporated.\nBorn in South Carolina, he showed little early interest in politics, and his early career included the study of law and a tenure as a mathematics professor at the Charleston College from 1843 to 1855. In the late 1840s, as sectional issues roiled South Carolina politics, Miles began to speak up on sectional issues. He opposed both the Wilmot Proviso and the Compromise of 1850. From then on, Miles would look at any northern efforts to restrict slavery as justification for secession.\nMiles was elected as mayor of Charleston in 1855 and served in the United States House of Representatives from 1857 until South Carolina seceded, in December 1860. He was a member of the state secession convention and a representative from South Carolina at the Confederate Convention in Montgomery, Alabama, which established the provisional government and constitution for the Confederate States. He represented his state in the Confederate House of Representatives during the American Civil War.", "Q61940": "Zinaida Nikolayevna Gippius (Hippius) (Russian: \u0417\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0438\u0301\u0434\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0438\u0301\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0443\u0441, IPA: [z\u02b2\u026an\u0250\u02c8id\u0259 n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj\u026avn\u0259 \u02c8\u0261\u02b2ip\u02b2\u026aus] (listen); 20 November [O.S. 8 November] 1869 \u2013 9 September 1945) was a Russian poet, playwright, novelist, editor and religious thinker, one of the major figures in Russian symbolism. The story of her marriage to Dmitry Merezhkovsky, which lasted 52 years, is described in her unfinished book Dmitry Merezhkovsky (Paris, 1951; Moscow, 1991).\nShe began writing at an early age, and by the time she met Dmitry Merezhkovsky in 1888, she was already a published poet. The two were married in 1889. Gippius published her first book of poetry, Collection of Poems. 1889\u20131903, in 1903, and her second collection, Collection of Poems. Book 2. 1903-1909, in 1910. After the 1905 Revolution, the Merezhkovskys became critics of Tsarism; they spent several years abroad during this time, including trips for treatment of health issues. They denounced the 1917 October Revolution, seeing it as a cultural disaster, and in 1919 emigrated to Poland.\nAfter living in Poland they moved to France, and then to Italy, continuing to publish and take part in Russian \u00e9migr\u00e9 circles, though Gippius's harsh literary criticism made enemies. The tragedy of the exiled Russian writer was a major topic for Gippius in emigration, but she also continued to explore mystical and covertly sexual themes, publishing short stories, plays, novels, poetry, and memoirs. The death of Merezhkovsky in 1941 was a major blow to Gippius, who died a few years later in 1945.", "Q329": "Nicolas Paul St\u00e9phane Sark\u00f6zy de Nagy-Bocsa (; French: [nik\u0254la sa\u0281k\u0254zi] (listen); born 28 January 1955) is a retired French politician who served as President of France and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra from 16 May 2007 until 15 May 2012.\nBorn in Paris, he is of 1/2 Hungarian Protestant, 1/4 Greek Jewish, and 1/4 French Catholic origin. Mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine from 1983 to 2002, he was Minister of the Budget under Prime Minister \u00c9douard Balladur (1993\u20131995) during Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand's second term. During Jacques Chirac's second presidential term he served as Minister of the Interior and as Minister of Finances. He was the leader of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) party from 2004 to 2007.\nHe won the 2007 French presidential election by a 53.1% to 46.9% margin to Socialist S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne Royal. During his term, he faced the late-2000s financial crisis (causing a recession, the European sovereign debt crisis), the Russo-Georgian War (for which he negotiated a ceasefire) and the Arab Spring (especially in Tunisia, Libya, and Syria). He initiated the reform of French universities (2007) and the pension reform (2010). He married Italian-French singer-songwriter Carla Bruni in 2008 at the \u00c9lys\u00e9e Palace in Paris.\nIn the 2012 election, Fran\u00e7ois Hollande, candidate of the Socialist Party, defeated Sarkozy by a 3.2% margin. After leaving the presidential office, Sarkozy vowed to retire from public life before coming back in 2014, being subsequently reelected as UMP leader (renamed The Republicans in 2015). Being defeated at the Republican presidential primary in 2016, he retired from public life. He has been charged with corruption by French prosecutors in two cases, notably concerning the alleged Libyan interference in the 2007 French elections.", "Q115791": "Jules Frederic Humbert-Droz (1891, in La Chaux-de-Fonds \u2013 1971) was a Swiss Communist and a founding member of the Communist Party of Switzerland. He held high Comintern office through the 1920s and also acted as Comintern emissary to several west European countries. Prior to his becoming a Communist, Humbert-Droz was a pastor. He stayed at the Hotel Lux in Moscow.He was a member of the Executive Committee of the Communist International, but was involved in the Right Opposition in 1928 and was relocated from Moscow to Latin America. He became a Social Democrat in the 1950s.", "Q980490": "Claudio Cavazza (4 May 1934, Bologna - 6 June 2011, Rome, Campania) was an Italian entrepreneur, Chairman and founder of the Sigma-Tau pharmaceutical company.", "Q104844": "Clemens Meyer (born 3 October 1977 in Halle an der Saale, then East Germany) is a German writer. He is the author of Als wir tr\u00e4umten (As We Were Dreaming, 2006), Die Nacht, die Lichter (All the Lights, 2008), Gewalten (Acts of Violence, 2010), Im Stein (Bricks and Mortar, 2013), and Die stillen Trabanten (Dark Satellites, 2017). Of Meyer's works, All the Lights, Bricks and Mortar, and Dark Satellites have been translated into English.\n\n", "Q363873": "Exile, originally known as Jimmy Stokley and the Exiles and later The Exiles, is an American rock band founded in Richmond, Kentucky, by Jimmy Stokley, Billy Luxon, Paul Smith Jr, and Mack Davenport in 1963. \nMike Howard, Buzz Cornelison then aged 15, and J P Pennington then aged 14 were recruited shortly after by Stokley and Luxon, the latter two sought permission from their parents. Pennington replaced Paul Smith Jr. who was called into the army. Their name was shortened to The Exiles after 8 October 1966 and again to Exile in 1973, consisting of guitarist Pennington, leader/lead singer Jimmy Stokley, Bernie Faulkner B3 sax acoustic guitar, Billy Luxon trumpet, keyboardist Buzz Cornelison, bassist Kenny Weir, and drummer Bobby Johns.They hit the peak of their success in 1978 with the ballad hit \"Kiss You All Over.\" After a couple of minor subsequent pop hits, they re-established in 1983 as a country music group. Between then and the early 1990s, the band had several country chart hits, including the number ones \"Woke Up in Love\", \"I Don't Want to Be a Memory\", \"Give Me One More Chance\", \"Crazy For Your Love\", \"She's a Miracle\", \"Hang On to Your Heart\", \"I Could Get Used to You\", \"It'll Be Me\", \"She's Too Good to Be True\" and \"I Can't Get Close Enough\". Although their chart success waned by 1991, they have continued to record ever since.\nThe country music version of the band included J.P. Pennington (guitar, lead vocals), Les Taylor (guitar, vocals), Sonny LeMaire (bass, vocals), Marlon Hargis (keyboards) and Steve Goetzman/Gary Freeman (drums). Their biggest hits, spanning from 1978 through 1987, included \"Kiss You All Over\", \"Woke Up in Love\", \"She's a Miracle\" and \"Give Me One More Chance\".\nPennington wrote many of the group's songs (often with Sonny LeMaire) and several were covered by other artists, including \"It Ain't Easy Bein' Easy\" covered by Janie Fricke and \"Just In Case\" by the Forester Sisters. \"Kiss You All Over\" was used in the 1996 Adam Sandler movie Happy Gilmore and in the 2006 film Employee of the Month. Pennington co-wrote \"The Closer You Get\" and \"Take Me Down\", both re-recorded by Alabama, with former member Mark Gray.\nPennington's song writing talent led to recognition as BMI Writer of the Year to one of BMI's Top 100 Writers of the Century. His music has been recorded by Alabama, Janie Fricke, Kenny Rogers and other artists.", "Q142811": "Allentown (Pennsylvania Dutch: Allenschteddel) is a city located in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is Pennsylvania's third most populous city and the 233rd largest city in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 118,032 and it is currently the fastest growing major city in Pennsylvania with an estimated 121,433 residents according to the 2018 census estimate. It is the largest city in the metropolitan area known as the Lehigh Valley, which had a population of 821,623 residents as of 2010. Allentown constitutes a portion of the New York City Combined Statistical Area and is the county seat of Lehigh County. In 2012, the city celebrated the 250th anniversary of its founding in 1762.Located on the Lehigh River, Allentown is the largest of three adjacent cities in Northampton and Lehigh counties that make up a region of eastern Pennsylvania known as the Lehigh Valley; the other two cities being Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and Easton, Pennsylvania. Allentown is approximately 60 miles (97 km) north-northwest of Philadelphia, the sixth most populous city in the United States, 60 miles (97 km) south-southeast of Scranton and the Wyoming Valley, 80 miles (130 km) east-northeast of Harrisburg, the state capital, and 75 miles (121 km) west of New York City, the nation's largest city. Being centrally located in the Northeast Megalopolis, there are approximately 30 million people living within 100 miles (160 km) of Allentown and the city has direct access to some of the largest markets, seaports, airports, railways and population centers in the United States but with a lower cost of living than many surrounding cities and regions.Allentown was one of only six communities in the country to have been named a \"national success story\" in April 2016 by the Urban Land Institute for its downtown redevelopment and transformation that has generated nearly $1 billion in new development projects as of April 2019.", "Q1138374": "St. John's University is a private Roman Catholic university in New York City. Founded and run by the Congregation of the Mission (C.M., the Vincentian Fathers) in 1870, the school was originally located in the neighborhood of Bedford\u2013Stuyvesant in the borough of Brooklyn. In the 1950s, the school was relocated to its current site at Utopia Parkway in Hillcrest, Queens. St. John's also has campuses in Staten Island and Manhattan in New York City and overseas in Rome, Italy. In addition, the university has a Long Island Graduate Center in Hauppauge, along with academic locations in Paris, France, and Limerick, Ireland. The university is named after Saint John the Baptist.St. John's is organized into five undergraduate schools and six graduate schools. In 2016, the university had 16,440 undergraduate and 4,647 graduate students. St. John's offers more than 100 bachelor, master, and doctoral degree programs as well as professional certificates.", "Q59207": "Alexander Parkes (29 December 1813 \u2013 29 June 1890) was a metallurgist and inventor from Birmingham , England. He created Parkesine, the first man-made plastic.", "Q342665": "Jeffrey Dean Morgan (born April 22, 1966) is an American actor of film and television. He is known for his roles as John Winchester in the fantasy horror series Supernatural (2005\u20132007; 2019), Denny Duquette in the medical drama series Grey's Anatomy (2006\u20132009), the Comedian in the superhero film Watchmen (2009), Jason Crouse in the political drama series The Good Wife (2015\u20132016), Negan in the horror drama series The Walking Dead (2016\u2013present), and Harvey Russell in Rampage (2018).", "Q125652": "Neuburg an der Donau, literally Newcastle on the river Danube, is a town which is the capital of the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district in the state of Bavaria in Germany.", "Q292646": "Tristane Banon (born 13 June 1979) is a French journalist and writer. She is the daughter of Anne Mansouret and Gabriel Banon. She is a regular contributor on youth affairs at the French news website Atlantico.", "Q249042": "Christiaan Gerardus Cornelissen (30 August 1864 \u2013 21 January 1942) was a Dutch syndicalist writer, economist, and trade unionist.\nCornelissen was the second of five children of Johannes Cornelissen, carpenter in Den Bosch, Noord Brabant, and Mechelina van Wijk. He became a primary school teacher in Middelburg, Zeeland. In the late 1880s he started working for Recht voor Allen (\"Justice for All\"), the organ of the Social Democratic League (in Dutch: Sociaal-Democratische Bond, SDB). Next to Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis, he soon became a leader in the SDB, member of the central committee and head of the international secretariat. He stayed in the SDB, which was renamed to Socialist League, during the breakaway of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (in Dutch: Sociaal Democratische Arbeiders Partij, SDAP). He attended the second congress of the Second International in Brussels, both as a special correspondent of Recht voor Allen and as a delegate of the Dutch railworkers' union contributing to an anti-militarist resolution by the left wing at the congress.\nIn 1891, he translated the Communist Manifesto to Dutch. In 1893, he was one of the founders of the National Labor Secretariat (in Dutch: Nationaal Arbeids-Secretariaat; NAS). In the following year, he got to know the French anarchist and trade-unionist Fernand Pelloutier and he supported the anarchists expelled from the 1893 Zurich congress of the Second International.\nThe increasing influence of social democrats within the Socialist League led Cornelissen to move to Paris in 1898. However, he remained in contact with the syndicalist movement in the Netherlands and continued writing for the Volksblad and several anarchist periodicals. In France, he worked with a lot of the anarchists he had gotten to know in Zurich. Since he spoke both German and English in addition to French and Dutch, he was particularly useful as a translator. He contributed to La Voix du peuple and La Bataille syndicaliste under the pseudonym \"Rupert\" (a reference to his wife Elisabeth Katharina Frederike (Lilian) Rupertus whom he had married in October 1899), as he feared deportation should his anarchist activities become public.\nIn 1903, Rupertus gave birth to the couple's son Fred.\nCornelissen's international contacts were also useful in organizing the 1907 International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam, which served to establish relations between anarchists worldwide. From 1907, he edited the Bulletin international du mouvement syndicaliste. He also played an important role in organizing the 1913 International Syndicalist Congress in London.\nDuring World War I, Cornelissen actively supported the Union sacr\u00e9e, a patriotic truce between the French state and the socialist movement. He wrote several anti-German brochures in support of the war, and was a signatory of the Manifesto of the Sixteen. His support for the war estranged Cornelissen from many of his syndicalist and anarchist comrades. After the war, he primarily dedicated himself to his economic studies. In 1944, his Trait\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de science \u00e9conomique (General Treatise on the economic science), an elaboration on Th\u00e9orie de la valeur (Theory of value), which he had published in 1903, to refute the labor theory of value, which both the classic economists and Marx adhered to, was published. He died in 1942 in Domme.", "Q105582": "Peter B\u00fcrgel (born March 22, 1953) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nHe has been particularly active in his home town of Dachau, known as an artists colony. In 2007 he was elected President of B\u00fcrgel EuroArt.\n\n", "Q1514469": "Norman Blake (born March 10, 1938) is a traditional American stringed instrument artist and songwriter.", "Q82403": "Burhan Ghalioun (Arabic: \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646) (born 11 February 1945 in Homs, Syria), is a French-Syrian professor of sociology at the Universit\u00e9 de Paris III Sorbonne University in Paris, and the first chairman of the Syrian opposition Transitional National Council (SNC). He was named chairman on 29 August 2011. His chairmanship was criticized for his perceived closeness to the Muslim Brotherhood, his early reluctance to arm opposition forces, and what opponents called the autocratic nature of his leadership. On 17 May 2012, feeling he had become an increasingly divisive figure for the council, Ghalioun resigned.", "Q129068": "Retro Puppet Master (also known as Retro Puppetmaster) is a 1999 American direct-to-video horror film written by Charles Band, Benjamin Carr and David Schmoeller, and directed by David DeCoteau. It is the seventh film in the Puppet Master franchise, a prequel to 1991's Toulon's Revenge, and stars Greg Sestero as a young Andr\u00e9 Toulon, Jack Donner as an Egyptian responsible for teaching Toulon how to animate his puppets, and Stephen Blackehart, Robert Radoveanu and Vitalie Bantas as demons who pursue Toulon for his magic.\nWhile Retro serves to explain how Toulon began practicing the spell which animates his puppets, it ignores what was originally established in the second film as exactly how he learned the spell of animation. The film was also Guy Rolfe's final appearance as Toulon, save for flashback footage in The Legacy.\n\n", "Q587004": "Antoine Sfeir (25 November 1948 \u2013 1 October 2018) was a Franco-Lebanese journalist.", "Q590578": "Daniela Hamaui (born 21 November 1954) is an Italian journalist and the editor of the Rome based magazine L'Espresso from 2002\u20132010.\nPrior to her stint at L'espresso, she was the founding editor of the magazine D \u2013 la Repubblica delle donne, published since 1996 with the newspaper La Repubblica. Hamaui has voiced concerns about legislation on telecommuncations introduced by the Berlusconi administration and proposed a provision that would temporarily bar the owners of TV stations (including Berlusconi) from buying up print media groups.\nCurrently she serves as editorial director of the periodicals of La Repubblica, and has the editorial supervision of various monthlies.", "Q458314": "Alien Resurrection is a 1997 American science fiction horror film directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet, written by Joss Whedon, and starring Sigourney Weaver and Winona Ryder. It is the fourth installment of the Alien film series and the final installment in the main series. It was filmed at the 20th Century Fox studios in Los Angeles, California.\nSet 200 years after the preceding installment Alien 3 (1992), Ellen Ripley is cloned and an Alien Queen is surgically removed from her body. The United Systems Military hopes to breed Aliens to study and research on the spaceship USM Auriga, using human hosts kidnapped and delivered to them by a group of mercenaries. The Aliens escape their enclosures, while Ripley and the mercenaries attempt to escape and destroy the Auriga before it reaches its destination: Earth. Additional roles are played by Ron Perlman, Dan Hedaya, J. E. Freeman, Brad Dourif, and Michael Wincott.\nAlien Resurrection was released on November 26, 1997, by 20th Century Fox, and grossed $47.8 million in North America, the least successful of the Alien series on that continent. The film was well received internationally, however, with a gross of $113.6 million, bringing its total gross to $161.4 million. It was the 43rd-highest-grossing film in North America in 1997, eleven spots lower than Anastasia, another 20th Century Fox film. The film was nominated for six Saturn Awards (including Best Science Fiction Film, Best Actress for Weaver, Best Supporting Actress for Ryder, and Best Direction for Jeunet).\nA sequel to Resurrection was planned as Joss Whedon had written an Earth-set script for Alien 5, though Sigourney Weaver was not interested in this setting, but has remained open to reprise her role as Ellen Ripley for a fifth installment on the condition that she likes the story. Although more sequels were planned to follow Resurrection, they were ultimately abandoned as the crossover series arrived with the 2004 film Alien vs. Predator, along with the prequel series including the 2012 film Prometheus directed by Ridley Scott, who stated that the film precedes the story of Alien, but is not directly connected to the original film's franchise, and that Prometheus explores its own mythology and ideas.", "Q752681": "Alhambra ( (listen), (listen), Spanish: Alhambra Spanish: [a\u02c8lamb\u027ea], or Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0621\u200e, romanized: Al-\u1e24amr\u0101\u02be) is a city located in the western San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County, California, United States, approximately eight miles from the Downtown Los Angeles civic center. It was incorporated on July 11, 1903. As of the 2010 census, the population was 83,089. The city's ZIP Codes are 91801 and 91803 (plus 91802 for P.O. boxes).", "Q1639": "Lamine Diack (born 7 June 1933) is a Senegalese businessman, sports administrator, and former athlete. He was president of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) from 1999 to 2015. He is the subject of numerous investigations into corruption during his tenure as president. He was also a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from 1999 to 2013, then an honorary member from 2014 to 2015, and the chairman of the National Water Company \"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale des Eaux\" of Senegal (SONES) from 1995 to 2001. He is under house arrest since November 2015, and his trial in France started in June 2019. He is facing up to 10 years in jail.", "Q300456": "A Life Once Lost was an American metalcore band based in Pennsylvania.", "Q156864": "Slavic studies (North America), Slavonic studies (Britain and Ireland) or Slavistics (borrowed from Russian \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 or Polish slawistyka) is the academic field of area studies concerned with Slavic areas, Slavic languages, literature, history, and culture. Originally, a Slavist (from Russian \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442 or Polish slawista) or Slavicist was primarily a linguist or philologist researching Slavistics, a Slavic (AmE) or Slavonic (BrE) scholar. Increasingly historians and other humanists and social scientists who study Slavic area cultures and societies have been included in this rubric.\nIn North America, Slavic studies are dominated by Russian studies; Ewa Thompson describes the situation of non-Russian Slavic studies as \"invisible and mute.\"", "Q320786": "Wojciech Pszoniak (born 2 May 1942 in Lw\u00f3w, Poland now in Ukraine), is a Polish film and theater actor.", "Q110831": "Andreas Gaill (12 November 1526 \u2013 11 December 1587) was one of the leading jurists of the Holy Roman Empire.\nAfter studies in Cologne, Orl\u00e9ans, Leuven and Bologna, Gaill worked as an advocate in his hometown Cologne. In 1558 he was appointed to the Imperial Chamber Court. From 1569 on, he served on the Aulic Council in Vienna and, prior to his death, as Chancellor to the Elector of Cologne.\nGaill is best remembered for his 1578 work Practicae observationes ad processum iudiciarium imperialis camerae, the first systematic compilation of Chamber Court jurisprudence. It exerted an eminent influence on the practice of law in the Empire and served as a template for most later German compilations of court decisions.", "Q947865": "Solomon Lozovsky (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, family birth name: Dridzo Russian: \u0414\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0437\u043e, 1878\u20131952) was a prominent Communist and Bolshevik revolutionary, a high-ranking official in the Soviet government, including as a Presidium member of the All-Union Central Council of Soviet Trade Unions, a Central Committee member of the Communist Party, a member of the Supreme Soviet, a deputy people's commissar for foreign affairs and the head of the Soviet Information Bureau (Sovinformburo). He was also the chair of the department of International Relations at the Higher Party School.\n\n", "Q44530": "Maximilian II (German: Maximilian II.; 28 November 1811 \u2013 10 March 1864) reigned as King of Bavaria between 1848 and 1864.\nUnlike his father, King Ludwig I and son King Ludwig II, \"King Max\" was very popular and took a greater interest in the business of Government than in personal extravagance.\nAscending the throne during the German Revolution of 1848, King Maximilian restored stability in his kingdom. The rest of his reign was characterized by attempts to maintain Bavarian independence during the wars of German Unification and to transform his capital city of Munich into a cultural and educational city.", "Q254775": "Brooke Candice Nevin (born December 22, 1982) is a Canadian actress, best known for portraying Rachel on the science fiction series Animorphs (1998\u20131999) and as Julianne \"Jules\" Simms (2011\u20132012) on Breakout Kings. She also played Sonja Lester (2010\u20132013) on Call Me Fitz and was a series regular on USA Network's The 4400 (2004).\nNevin was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada to Monique (Nicky) and Bob Nevin, a retired professional hockey player. Nevin has a younger sister named Kaleigh, and speaks French.", "Q75935": "Karl Schr\u00f6der (November 13, 1884 in Polzin \u2013 April 6, 1950 in Berlin) was a communist politician and writer.", "Q80214": "Kisp\u00e1l \u00e9s a Borz were a Hungarian alternative rock band founded in 1987 in P\u00e9cs by Andr\u00e1s Lovasi, Andr\u00e1s Kisp\u00e1l, Rezs\u0151 \u00d3zdi and G\u00e1bor Br\u00e4utigam. They disbanded on 9 August 2010 after a large-scale concert at the Sziget Festival. They are still regarded as one of the most influential alternative bands in Hungary.", "Q127045": "The Last Supper is a 1995 American black comedy film directed by Stacy Title. It stars Cameron Diaz, Ron Eldard, Annabeth Gish, Jonathan Penner and Courtney B. Vance as five liberal graduate school students who invite a string of extreme conservatives to dinner in order to murder them. The film premiered at the 1995 Toronto International Film Festival.", "Q545351": "Raja Raymond Gosnell (born December 9, 1958) is an American filmmaker and editor, best known for directing studio comedies and family films like Home Alone 3, Never Been Kissed, Big Momma's House, Scooby-Doo, Beverly Hills Chihuahua, The Smurfs, and most recently Show Dogs, each of which received mixed or negative reviews from critics.\nCommonly mistaken for being of Indian descent, Gosnell was named after his father's friend Raja Mohideen. He is also known for his director-editor collaboration with Chris Columbus, for whom he edited Home Alone, Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, and Mrs. Doubtfire.", "Q1200135": "Derek Roy Watkins (2 March 1945 \u2013 22 March 2013) was an English jazz, pop, and classical trumpeter. Best known for his lead trumpet work on the soundtracks of James Bond films, Watkins recorded with British jazz bandleaders as well as the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the London Symphony Orchestra, and The Beatles. Dizzy Gillespie called him \"Mr. Lead\".", "Q115961": "Otto Furrer (19 October 1903 \u2013 26 July 1951) was a Swiss alpine skier and cross-country skier and world champion.\nFurrer was born in Zermatt. He became a world champion in the combined event, received a silver medal in the slalom and a bronze medal in the downhill in Cortina d'Ampezzo in 1932. He was killed in an accident on the Matterhorn.", "Q372956": "Redneck Zombies is a 1987 American horror comedy trash film directed by Pericles Lewnes and released by Troma Entertainment.", "Q57202": "Johanna Maria Magdalena \"Magda\" Goebbels (n\u00e9e Ritschel; 11 November 1901 \u2013 1 May 1945) was the wife of Nazi Germany's Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels. A prominent member of the Nazi Party, she was a close ally, companion and political supporter of Adolf Hitler. Some historians refer to her as the unofficial \"First Lady\" of Nazi Germany, while others give that title to Emmy G\u00f6ring.With defeat imminent during the Battle of Berlin at the end of World War II in Europe, she and her husband murdered their six children before committing suicide in the Reich Chancellery gardens. Her eldest son, Harald Quandt, from a previous marriage, survived her.", "Q1825215": "Lillian Theresa Boutt\u00e9 (born August 6, 1949, New Orleans) is an American jazz singer. She is the older sister of jazz singer John Boutt\u00e9.\nBoutt\u00e9 sang in the Golden Voices Choir as a child and won a singing contest at age eleven. She received a bachelor's degree in music therapy at Xavier University of Louisiana and worked as a session musician in New Orleans, performing as a backup singer with Allen Toussaint, James Booker, Patti Labelle, The Pointer Sisters, Neville Brothers, and Dr. John. From 1979 to 1983 she toured internationally with the musical One Mo' Time. She collaborated with the Olympia Brass Band on a gospel record in 1980 and recorded her first jazz album in 1982. During her tours of Europe she began recording with groups in Norway and Denmark and married Thomas L'Etienne, with whom she formed the ensemble Music Friends. She has performed frequently in New Orleans in addition to touring regularly in Europe, performing with Humphrey Lyttelton, the Barrelhouse Jazz Band, Chris Barber, Oscar Klein, Dirk Raufeisen, the Maryland Jazz Band of Cologne, and Pee Wee Ellis.", "Q208988": "The Last Day (French: Le Dernier Jour) is a 2004 French drama film directed by Rodolphe Marconi.", "Q1064423": "Charles Francis Brush (March 17, 1849 \u2013 June 15, 1929) was an American engineer, inventor, entrepreneur, and philanthropist.", "Q726128": "Dylan Baker (born October 7, 1959) is an American actor. He gained recognition for his roles in the film Happiness and on the television series The Good Wife, the latter of which earned him three Primetime Emmy Award nominations.\nIn 1991, Baker was nominated for a Tony Award and a Drama Desk Award for his performance in the original production of La B\u00eate. In 2013, he made his directorial debut with the film 23 Blast.", "Q47011": "Zigmas Zinkevi\u010dius (January 4, 1925 in Juodausiai, Ukmerg\u0117 district \u2013 February 20, 2018 in Vilnius) was a leading Lithuanian linguist-historian, professor at Vilnius University, and a full member of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. He has contributed to studies in the history of languages, onomastics and other areas. Zinkevi\u010dius was a recipient of the Herder Prize, which was presented to him in 1994. Zinkevi\u010dius is the author of 30 academic books and several hundred scientific publications in various languages.", "Q257254": "Kristine Sutherland (born Kristine Young; April 17, 1955) is an American actress best known for her starring role as Buffy Summers' mother Joyce Summers on the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, where she appeared in every season, and her role as Mae Thompson in Honey, I Shrunk the Kids (1989).", "Q556463": "Paul Kimmage (born 7 May 1962 in Dublin, Ireland) is an Irish sports journalist and former amateur and professional road bicycle racer, who was road race champion of Ireland in 1981, and competed in the 1984 Olympic Games. He wrote for The Sunday Times newspaper and others, and published a number of books.\nKimmage was born into a cycling family. His father, Christy, cycled with the Dublin Wheelers, and his brothers Raphael and Kevin were also active.", "Q16538": "South Park is an American animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone and developed by Brian Graden for the Comedy Central television network. The series revolves around four boys\u2014Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman, and Kenny McCormick\u2014and their exploits in and around the titular Colorado town. The show became infamous for its profanity and dark, surreal humor that satirizes a wide range of topics towards a mature audience. \nParker and Stone developed the show from The Spirit of Christmas, two consecutive animated shorts. The latter became one of the first Internet viral videos, ultimately leading to South Park's production. The pilot episode was produced using cutout animation, leading to all subsequent episodes being produced with computer animation that emulated the cutout technique. South Park features a very large ensemble cast of recurring characters.\nSince its debut on August 13, 1997, 307 episodes of South Park have been broadcast. It debuted with great success, consistently earning the highest ratings of any basic cable program. Subsequent ratings have varied but it remains one of Comedy Central's highest-rated shows and is slated to air new episodes through 2022. Since 2000, each episode has typically been written and produced in the week preceding its broadcast, with Parker serving as the primary writer and director. The show's twenty-third season premiered on September 25, 2019.South Park has received numerous accolades, including five Primetime Emmy Awards, a Peabody Award, and numerous inclusions in various publications' lists of greatest television shows. The show's popularity resulted in a feature-length theatrical film, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut which was released in June 1999, less than two years after the show's premiere, and became a commercial and critical success, and garnered a nomination for an Academy Award. In 2013, TV Guide ranked South Park the tenth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time.", "Q92638": "Robert Endre Tarjan (born April 30, 1948) is an American computer scientist and mathematician. He is the discoverer of several graph algorithms, including Tarjan's off-line lowest common ancestors algorithm, and co-inventor of both splay trees and Fibonacci heaps. Tarjan is currently the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Computer Science at Princeton University, and the Chief Scientist at Intertrust Technologies Corporation.\n\n", "Q51673": "Marcus Antonius (14 January 83 BC \u2013 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony or Anthony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from an oligarchy into the autocratic Roman Empire.\nAntony was a supporter of Julius Caesar, and served as one of his generals during the conquest of Gaul and the Civil War. Antony was appointed administrator of Italy while Caesar eliminated political opponents in Greece, North Africa, and Spain. After Caesar's death in 44 BC, Antony joined forces with Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, another of Caesar's generals, and Octavian, Caesar's great-nephew and adopted son, forming a three-man dictatorship known to historians as the Second Triumvirate. The Triumvirs defeated Caesar's murderers, the Liberatores, at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, and divided the government of the Republic between themselves. Antony was assigned Rome's eastern provinces, including the client kingdom of Egypt, then ruled by Cleopatra VII Philopator, and was given the command in Rome's war against Parthia.\nRelations among the triumvirs were strained as the various members sought greater political power. Civil war between Antony and Octavian was averted in 40 BC, when Antony married Octavian's sister, Octavia. Despite this marriage, Antony carried on a love affair with Cleopatra, who bore him three children, further straining Antony's relations with Octavian. Lepidus was expelled from the association in 36 BC, and in 33 BC disagreements between Antony and Octavian caused a split between the remaining Triumvirs. Their ongoing hostility erupted into civil war in 31 BC, as the Roman Senate, at Octavian's direction, declared war on Cleopatra and proclaimed Antony a traitor. Later that year, Antony was defeated by Octavian's forces at the Battle of Actium. Antony and Cleopatra fled to Egypt, where they committed suicide.\nWith Antony dead, Octavian became the undisputed master of the Roman world. In 27 BC, Octavian was granted the title of Augustus, marking the final stage in the transformation of the Roman Republic into an empire, with himself as the first Roman emperor.", "Q7380487": "The Kingdom of Pontus or Pontic Empire (Ancient Greek: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, Basile\u00eda tou P\u00f3ntou) was a Hellenistic-era kingdom, centered in the historical region of Pontus and ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin, which may have been directly related to Darius the Great and the Achaemenid dynasty. The kingdom was proclaimed by Mithridates I in 281 BCE and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BCE. The Kingdom of Pontus reached its largest extent under Mithridates VI the Great, who conquered Colchis, Cappadocia, Bithynia, the Greek colonies of the Tauric Chersonesos, and for a brief time the Roman province of Asia. After a long struggle with Rome in the Mithridatic Wars, Pontus was defeated. Part of it was incorporated into the Roman Republic as the province Bithynia et Pontus; the eastern half survived as a client kingdom.As the greater part of the kingdom lay within the region of Cappadocia, which in early ages extended from the borders of Cilicia to the Euxine (Black Sea), the kingdom as a whole was at first called 'Cappadocia by Pontus' or 'Cappadocia by the Euxine', but afterwards simply 'Pontus', the name Cappadocia henceforth being used to refer to the southern half of the region previously included under that name.Culturally, the kingdom was Hellenized, with Greek the official language.\n\n", "Q1369801": "Esteban \"Steve\" Jordan (February 23, 1939 \u2013 August 13, 2010) was a jazz, rock, blues, conjunto and Tejano musician from the United States. He was also known as \"El Parche\", \"The Jimi Hendrix of the accordion\", and \"the accordion wizard\". An accomplished musician, he played 35 different instruments. \nBorn in Elsa, Texas to migrant farm workers and partially blinded as an infant, Jordan was unable to work in the fields. Left at home, he found friendship and guidance among the elderly. At a very young age he was introduced to music, especially the accordion. At the time, the musician Valerio Longoria followed the community of migrant farm workers and played for them in the labor camps. These circumstances brought the two together and the young Esteban mastered the instrument quickly. While he remained close to his traditional conjunto roots, he never limited himself musically. More than any other accordionist, Jordan pushed the diatonic accordion to its limits, both musically and physically, playing traditional conjunto, rock, jazz, salsa, zydeco and more.\nJordan kept abreast of technological developments, using devices such as phase shifters, fuzzboxes, Echoplexes, for which he named a song, \"La Polka Plex\", and synthesizers, and was one of the few conjunto musicians to weave styles such as fusion jazz and rock into his music. He had also recorded country, western and mambo numbers. Members of his family frequently backed him up, including his sons Esteban Jr., Esteban III, and Ricardo. Esteban III (guitar) and Ricardo (bass) accompanied Esteban on-stage and in studio recording. Esteban established his own record label \"Jordan Records, Inc.\" on his birthday Feb. 23, 2010. He released one of his nine albums named Carta Espiritual (a spiritual letter), on which he had spent over 15 years recording new music, still yet to be released on his recording label. His sons Esteban Jr., Esteban III, and Ricardo continue his musical legacy. His sons go by \"El Rio Jordan de Esteban Jordan\" Rio Jordan, the band name given by their father. \nIn 1988 while performing The Berlin Jazz Festival '88, Hohner invited Steve to the Hohner factory in Trossingen. The Hohner company and Steve collaborated in making a new accordion with Steve's specifications that included his own tuning, octaves, and tuning arrangement changes to the accidentals. It would enable Steve to do the music patterns he is famous for. In 2009, Hohner USA in recognition of Steve's contribution and accomplishments to the music world, Hohner launched the Steve Jordan \"Rockordeon\", a signature series accordion reissued in his honor.\nJordan played with guitar legend Carlos Santana a number of times.\nNew wave polka bands such as Brave Combo have cited Jordan's influence. In 1987 he was nominated for a Grammy, but lost out to his old friend Flaco Jim\u00e9nez. His bid for mainstream presence continued in 1986 when he was asked to do the soundtrack for the Cheech Marin film Born in East L.A. \nHe appeared in the film Texas Conjunto: M\u00fasica de la gente, a documentary about Texas conjunto music, and in True Stories, an American musical film directed by and starring musician David Byrne. He did the music and appeared as an accordion street player in the film Born in East L.A. starring Cheech Marin.\nEsteban was inducted to the South Texas Conjunto Music Hall Of Fame on May 27, 2001. Also the National Hispanic Music Hall Of Fame in 2003.\nEsteban had cancer for four years and died of complications from liver cancer on August 13, 2010. He was 71.\n\n", "Q1677162": "Zander Tyler (born February 22, 1982), better known under his stage name Jack Parow, is a South African rapper. Collaborations with other South African artists include Die Heuwels Fantasties, Die Antwoord and Francois Van Coke.", "Q785697": "Shogakukan Inc. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u5c0f\u5b66\u9928, Kabushiki gaisha Sh\u014dgakukan) is a Japanese publisher of dictionaries, literature, manga, non-fiction, DVDs, and other media in Japan.Shogakukan founded Shueisha, which also founded Hakusensha. These are three separate companies, but are together called the Hitotsubashi Group, one of the largest publishing groups in Japan. Shogakukan is headquartered in the Shogakukan Building in Hitotsubashi, part of Kanda, Chiyoda, Tokyo, near the Jimbocho book district. The corporation also has the other two companies located in the same ward.\n\n", "Q154083": "Henry Clemens Van de Velde (Dutch: [\u0251\u0303\u02c8ri v\u0251nd\u0259\u02c8v\u025bld\u0259]; 3 April 1863 \u2013 25 October 1957) was a Belgian painter, architect, interior designer, and art theorist. Together with Victor Horta and Paul Hankar, he is considered one of the founders of Art Nouveau in Belgium. He worked in Paris with Samuel Bing, the founder of the first gallery of Art Nouveau in Paris. Van de Velde spent the most important part of his career in Germany and became a major figure in the German Jugendstil. He had a decisive influence on German architecture and design at the beginning of the 20th century.", "Q126373": "Karl Werner Aspenstr\u00f6m (13 November 1918 \u2013 25 January 1997) was a Swedish poet.\nBorn at Norrb\u00e4rke, he was a member of the Swedish Academy, where he held Seat 12 from 1981 to 1997. Following his breakthrough in 1949 with Sn\u00f6legend (\"Snow legend\") he was considered as one of the leading 20th century Swedish poets, and his poetry have often been compared to the works of the Nobel Prize laureats Harry Martinson and Tomas Transtr\u00f6mer. Aspenstr\u00f6m claimed that his motivation for writing was \"writing for his cat\".\nHe was a friend of Stig Dagerman's. His wife died in 2015.", "Q863051": "William Earl Casper Jr. (June 24, 1931 \u2013 February 7, 2015) was an American professional golfer. He was one of the most prolific tournament winners on the PGA Tour from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s.\nIn his youth, Casper started as a caddie and emerged from the junior golf hotbed of San Diego, where golf could be played year-round, to rank seventh all-time in career Tour wins with 51, across a 20-year period between 1956 and 1975. Fellow San Diegan great Gene Littler was a friend and rival from teenager to senior. Casper won three major championships, represented the United States on a then-record eight Ryder Cup teams, and holds the U.S. record for career Ryder Cup points won. After reaching age 50, Casper regularly played the Senior PGA Tour and was a winner there until 1989. In his later years, Casper successfully developed businesses in golf course design and management of golf facilities.\nCasper served as Ryder Cup captain in 1979, was twice PGA Player of the Year (1966 and 1970), was twice leading money winner, and won five Vardon Trophy awards for the lowest seasonal scoring average on the Tour.\nRespected for his extraordinary putting and short-game skills, Casper was a superior strategist who overcame his distance disadvantages against longer-hitting competitors such as Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus with moxie, creative shot-making, and clever golf-course management abilities. Never a flashy gallery favorite, Casper developed his own self-contained style, relying on solid technique, determination, concentration, and perseverance.He converted to the LDS Church in 1966. Casper was inducted to the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1978.", "Q55415": "Helene Bertha Amalie \"Leni\" Riefenstahl (German: [\u02c8\u0281i\u02d0fn\u0329\u0283ta\u02d0l]; 22 August 1902 \u2013 8 September 2003) was a German film director and actress.A talented swimmer and artist, she also became interested in dancing during her childhood, taking dancing lessons and performing across Europe. After seeing a promotional poster for the 1924 film Der Berg des Schicksals (\"The Mountain of Destiny\"), Riefenstahl was inspired to move into acting. Between 1925 and 1929, she starred in five successful motion pictures. Riefenstahl became one of the few women in Germany to direct a film during the Weimar Period when, in 1932, she decided to try directing with her own film called Das Blaue Licht (\"The Blue Light\").\nIn the 1930s, she directed the Nazi propaganda films Triumph des Willens (\"Triumph of the Will\") and Olympia, resulting in worldwide attention and acclaim. The movies are widely considered two of the most effective, and technically innovative, propaganda films ever made. Her involvement in Triumph des Willens, however, significantly damaged her career and reputation after the war. Hitler was in close collaboration with Riefenstahl during the production of at least three important Nazi films, and they formed a friendly relationship. Some have argued that Riefenstahl's visions were essential to the carrying out of the mission of the Holocaust. After the war, Riefenstahl was arrested, but classified as being a \"fellow traveler\" or \"Nazi sympathizer\" only and was not associated with war crimes. Throughout her life, she denied having known about the Holocaust. Besides directing, Riefenstahl released an autobiography and wrote several books on the Nuba people.\nRiefenstahl died of cancer on 8 September 2003 at the age of 101 and was buried at Munich Waldfriedhof.\n\n", "Q97998": "Michael Wieck (born 19 July 1928) is a German violinist and author. Wieck's memoir, Zeugnis vom Untergang K\u00f6nigsbergs (\"Witness to the fall of K\u00f6nigsberg\"), was published in 1989. In it he relates his and his partly Jewish family's sufferings under the Nazis and, after the German defeat, under the Soviets. This moving story was translated into English in 2003 under the title A Childhood Under Hitler and Stalin: Memoirs of a \"Certified Jew,\", and in 2004 into Russian as \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u041a\u0451\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0441\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430 (\"Sunset of K\u00f6nigsberg\"). A revised Russian edition was published in 2015.", "Q213416": "Am\u00edlcar Lopes da Costa Cabral (Portuguese: [\u0250\u02c8milka\u027e \u02c8l\u0254p\u0268\u0283 k\u0250\u02c8b\u027eal]; (1924-09-12)12 September 1924 \u2013 (1973-01-20)20 January 1973) was a Bissau-Guinean and Cape Verdean agricultural engineer, intellectual, poet, theoretician, revolutionary, political organizer, nationalist and diplomat. He was one of Africa's foremost anti-colonial leaders.Also known by the nom de guerre Abel Djassi, Cabral led the nationalist movement of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde Islands and the ensuing war of independence in Guinea-Bissau. He was assassinated on 20 January 1973, about eight months before Guinea-Bissau's unilateral declaration of independence. He was deeply influenced by Marxism, and became an inspiration to revolutionary socialists and national independence movements worldwide.", "Q139253": "Eiji Okada (\u5ca1\u7530 \u82f1\u6b21, Okada Eiji, 13 June 1920 \u2013 14 September 1995) was a Japanese film actor from Ch\u014dshi, Chiba. Okada served in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II and was a miner and traveling salesman before becoming an actor.Internationally, his best-remembered roles include Lui (\"him\" in French) in the 1959 film Hiroshima mon amour, directed by Alain Resnais. In this film, Eiji Okada had to learn the screenplay phonetically because he didn't speak French. He is also known for playing the entomologist Niki Junpei in Hiroshi Teshigahara's 1964 film Woman in the Dunes, an adaptation of K\u014db\u014d Abe's novel. He was also second billed under Marlon Brando in the 1963 political thriller The Ugly American.\nOkada was married to Aiko Wasa, with whom he ran a theatre company in Japan. He died on 14 September 1995 of heart failure, at the age of 75.\n\n", "Q1143936": "Cuneiform Records is a record label in Silver Spring, Maryland.Founded in 1984, the label releases an mixture of musical styles, all with a Rock in Opposition aesthetic, including progressive jazz, jazz fusion, the Canterbury scene, and electronic music. Cuneiform has introduced many notable acts but also documents older bands who fit the profile, including its release of the Heldon catalog and several archival Soft Machine recordings. The label operates with a mail-order retailer, Wayside Music.Cuneiform announced that it would not release new music in 2018. Feigenbaum said he would assess the label's future. In 2019 Cuneiform began releasing a few new albums again.", "Q318231": "William Reibert Mapother Jr. (; born April 17, 1965) is an American actor, known for his role as Ethan Rom on the television series Lost and starring in the film In the Bedroom. He is also known for the film Another Earth.", "Q275793": "Nancy Clara Cunard (10 March 1896 \u2013 17 March 1965) was a writer, heiress and political activist. She was born into the British upper class, and devoted much of her life to fighting racism and fascism. She became a muse to some of the 20th century's most distinguished writers and artists, including Wyndham Lewis, Aldous Huxley, Tristan Tzara, Ezra Pound and Louis Aragon\u2014who were among her lovers\u2014as well as Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, Constantin Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i, Langston Hughes, Man Ray and William Carlos Williams. MI5 documents reveal that she was involved with Indian socialist leader VK Krishna Menon. In later years she suffered from mental illness, and her physical health deteriorated. When she died in the H\u00f4pital Cochin, Paris, she weighed only 26 kg (57 pounds).", "Q15031": "Xi Jinping (; Chinese: \u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73; Mandarin pronunciation: [\u0255\u01d0 t\u0255\u00een.p\u02b0\u01d0\u014b]; born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician serving as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), President of the People's Republic of China (PRC), and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC). Xi has been the paramount leader, the highest-ranking official in China, since 2012 and he officially received the title of \"leadership core\" from the CPC in 2016. Xi has also been a member of the 17th, 18th, 19th CPC Politburo Standing Committee since 2007.\nThe son of Chinese Communist veteran Xi Zhongxun, he was exiled to rural Yanchuan County as a teenager following his father's purge during the Cultural Revolution, and lived in a cave in the village of Liangjiahe, where he worked as the party secretary. After studying chemical engineering at the Tsinghua University as a \"Worker-Peasant-Soldier student\", Xi rose through the ranks politically in China's coastal provinces. Xi was governor of Fujian from 1999 to 2002. He was also governor, then party secretary of neighbouring Zhejiang from 2002 to 2007. Following the dismissal of the party secretary of Shanghai Chen Liangyu, Xi was transferred to replace him for a brief period in 2007. He joined the Politburo Standing Committee and central secretariat in October 2007, spending the next five years as Chinese paramount leader Hu Jintao's presumed successor. Xi was vice president from 2008 to 2013 and Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 2010 to 2012.\nXi is the first general secretary born after the establishment of the People's Republic of China. Since assuming power, Xi has introduced far-ranging measures to enforce party discipline and to impose internal unity. His anti-corruption campaign has led to the downfall of prominent incumbent and retired Communist Party officials, including members of the Politburo Standing Committee. He has also enacted or promoted more assertive foreign policy, particularly with regard to China\u2013Japan relations, China's claims in the South China Sea, and its advocacy for free trade and globalization. He has sought to expand China's African and Eurasian influence through the Belt and Road Initiative.\nAs the central figure of the fifth generation of leadership of the People's Republic, Xi has significantly centralised institutional power by taking on a wide range of leadership positions, including chairing the newly formed National Security Commission, as well as new steering committees on economic and social reforms, military restructuring and modernization, and the Internet. Xi's political thoughts have been written into the party and state constitutions, and a cult of personality has developed around him. Xi has been labelled a \"dictator\" by some political observers citing an increase of censorship and mass surveillance, deterioration in human rights and the removal of term limits for the President under his tenure.", "Q545379": "Maria Rita Epik (born 1 January 1958 in \u0130zmir) is a Turkish musician of Italian Levantine descent, who won the Turkish pre-Elimination of the Eurovision Song Contest 1979. In 1990 she opened the Epik Music School in her native Izmir. She attended Virginia Tech in the United States.", "Q2058852": "Paul Beck Goddard (1811 - July 5, 1866) was an American physician and editor of medical books who also made pioneering contributions to photography.He graduated from the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania in 1832. As well as practicing as a physician and surgeon, he was professor of anatomy at Franklin Medical College of Philadelphia,\nand a member of the American Philosophical Society.In his experimental photography work with Robert Cornelius, in 1839 Goddard became the first to use bromide for daguerreotypes. Goddard was then working as an assistant to University of Pennsylvania Chemistry professor Dr. Robert Hare, and this chemistry background contributed to his successful experiments with bromine. Recognizing the potential of this innovation, which significantly decreased exposure times, Goddard helped Cornelius set up a commercial photography studio.Goddard died in Philadelphia on July 5, 1866. Reporting his death, The New York Times described him \"one of the most eminent physicians of this country\" and said, \"His devotion to wounded soldiers during the war gained him great popularity among the people.\"", "Q358173": "Steingr\u00edmur Hermannsson (pronounced [\u02c8steinkrimur \u02c8h\u025brman\u02ccs\u0254n]; 22 June 1928 \u2013 1 February 2010) was an Icelandic politician who served as Prime Minister of Iceland from 1983 to 1987, and again from 1988 to 1991.", "Q273484": "Amelia Warner (born Amelia Catherine Bennett; 4 June 1982) is an English actress, as well as a musician who is also known by the former stage name Slow Moving Millie.", "Q288150": "Freedom Writers is a 2007 American drama film written and directed by Richard LaGravenese and starring Hilary Swank, Scott Glenn, Imelda Staunton, Patrick Dempsey and Mario.\nIt is based on the book The Freedom Writers Diary by teacher Erin Gruwell and students who compiled the book out of real diary entries about their lives that they wrote in their English class at Woodrow Wilson Classical High School in Long Beach, California. The movie is also based on the DC program called City at Peace. The title of the movie and book is a play on the term \"Freedom Riders\", referring to the multiracial civil rights activists who tested the U.S. Supreme Court decision ordering the desegregation of interstate buses in 1961.\nThe idea for the film came from journalist Tracey Durning, who made a documentary about Erin Gruwell for the ABC News program Primetime Live. Durning served as co-executive producer of the film. The film was dedicated to the memory of Armand Jones, who was killed after wrapping up Freedom Writers. He was 18 and was shot to death in Anaheim, California after a confrontation with a man who robbed Jones of a necklace in a Denny's restaurant.", "Q179111": "The Social Democratic Party of Austria (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei \u00d6sterreichs, SP\u00d6) is a social-democratic political party in Austria. The oldest extant political party in Austria, the SP\u00d6 is a member of the Socialist International, Progressive Alliance, and Party of European Socialists. Before adopting the current title in 1991, the SP\u00d6 was named Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei \u00d6sterreichs, SDAP\u00d6) from 1888 to 1945 and, later, Socialist Party of Austria (Sozialistische Partei \u00d6sterreichs) until 1991. Along with the Austrian People's Party, it is one of the country's two traditional major parties.\nThe SP\u00d6 has close ties to the Austrian Trade Union Federation (\u00d6GB) and the Austrian Chamber of Labour (AK). Currently the second-largest party in both chambers of Parliament; the National Council and the Federal Council, the SP\u00d6 forms the main opposition party to the federal government, a coalition of the People's Party (\u00d6VP) and the Greens.\n\n", "Q755878": "Atiku Abubakar (born 25 November 1946) is a Nigerian politician, businessman and philanthropist who served as the 11th Vice President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007 with the presidency of Olusegun Obasanjo.Since the return to democracy, Abubakar has contested in all the elections. He twice ran as Governor of Adamawa State in 1990 and later, in 1998, being elected before becoming Olusegun Obasanjo's running mate during the 1999 presidential election and re-elected in 2003. He was a presidential candidate of the Action Congress in the 2007 presidential election. He contested the presidential primaries of the Peoples Democratic Party during the 2011 presidential election. In 2014, he joined the All Progressives Congress ahead of the 2015 presidential election and contested the presidential primaries losing to Muhammadu Buhari. In 2017, he returned to the Peoples Democratic Party and was the party presidential candidate during the 2019 presidential election.\u202c\n\n", "Q272942": "Lesley Sue Goldstein (May 2, 1946 \u2013 February 16, 2015), known professionally as Lesley Gore, was an American singer, songwriter, actress, and activist. At the age of 16 (in 1963) she recorded the pop hit \"It's My Party\" (a US number one), and followed it up with other hits including \"Judy's Turn to Cry\", \"She's a Fool\", \"You Don't Own Me\", \"Maybe I Know\" and \"California Nights\".\nGore also worked as an actress and composed songs with her brother, Michael Gore, for the 1980 film Fame, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award. She hosted an LGBT-oriented public television show, In the Life, on American TV in the 2000s, and was active until 2014.", "Q15757": "Suzdal (Russian: \u0421\u0443\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c, IPA: [\u02c8suzd\u0259l\u02b2]) is a town and the administrative center of Suzdalsky District in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Kamenka River, 26 kilometers (16 mi) north of the city of Vladimir, the administrative center of the oblast. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 10,535.Suzdal is one of the oldest Russian towns. In the 12th century it became the capital of the principality, while Moscow was merely one of its subordinate settlements. Currently, Suzdal is the smallest of the Russian Golden Ring towns with a population of approximately 10,000, but it has more than 40 historically important monuments and 200 architectural sights. Several of them are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.", "Q90749": "Sandra Borgmann (born 25 April 1974) is a German actress.", "Q166031": "In the Name of the King: A Dungeon Siege Tale, or simply In the Name of the King, is a 2007 action-fantasy film directed by Uwe Boll and starring Jason Statham, Claire Forlani, Leelee Sobieski, John Rhys-Davies, Ron Perlman and Ray Liotta. It is inspired by the Dungeon Siege video game series. The English-language film was an international (German, American, and Canadian) co-production and filmed in Canada. It premiered at the Brussels Festival of Fantastic Films in April 2007 and was released in theatres on November 2007.", "Q242659": "Angie Sage (born 20 June 1952) is the author of the Septimus Heap series which includes Magyk, Flyte, Physik, Queste, Syren, Darke and Fyre, the TodHunter Moon trilogy, set in the same universe, and the Araminta Spook series (known as Araminta Spookie in the USA).\nAccording to her publisher's biography, Sage grew up in the Thames Valley, London and Kent. She tells of how her publisher father would bring home blank books, and how she would write and illustrate her own stories in these. She began to study medicine, but had a change of heart. She instead went to Art School in Leicester to study Graphic Design and Illustration, using these skills to begin illustrating books.\nHer first novel was the first in her Septimus Heap series: Magyk.", "Q1177": "Himachal Pradesh (Hindi: [\u0266\u026a\u02c8ma\u02d0t\u0283\u0259l p\u027e\u0259\u02c8de\u02d0\u0283] (listen); lit. \"snow-laden province\") is a state in the northern part of India. Situated in the Western Himalayas, it is one of the eleven mountain states and is characterized by an extreme landscape featuring several peaks and extensive river systems. Himachal Pradesh shares borders with the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh to the north, and the states of Punjab to the west, Haryana to the southwest, and Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh to the south. The state also has a border with the autonomous region of Tibet to the east.\nThe predominantly mountainous region comprising the present-day Himachal Pradesh has been inhabited since pre-historic times having witnessed multiple waves of human migration from other areas. Through its history, the region was mostly ruled by local kingdoms some of which accepted the suzerainty of larger empires. Prior to India's independence from the British, Himachal comprised the hilly regions of Punjab Province of British India. After independence, many of the hilly territories were organized as the Chief Commissioner's province of Himachal Pradesh which later became a union territory. In 1966, hilly areas of neighboring Punjab state were merged into Himachal and it was ultimately granted full statehood in 1971.\nHimachal Pradesh is spread across valleys with many perennial rivers flowing through them. Almost 90% of the state's population lives in rural areas. Agriculture, horticulture, hydropower and tourism are important constituents of the state's economy. The hilly state is almost universally electrified with 99.5% of the households having electricity as of 2016. The state was declared India's second open-defecation-free state in 2016. According to a survey of CMS \u2013 India Corruption Study 2017, Himachal Pradesh is India's least corrupt state.", "Q440215": "William Thomas \"Billy\" Murray (May 25, 1877 \u2013 August 17, 1954) was one of the most popular singers in the United States in the early 20th century. While he received star billing in vaudeville, he was best known for his prolific work in the recording studio, making records for almost every record label of the era.", "Q96338": "Gabriel Rollenhagen, also known as Rollenhagius (1583-1619), was a German poet and writer of emblem books.\n\n", "Q131169": "Polybius (; Greek: \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, Pol\u00fdbios; c.\u2009208 \u2013 c.\u2009125 BC) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic period noted for his work The Histories, which covered the period of 264\u2013146 BC in detail. The work describes the rise of the Roman Republic to the status of dominance in the ancient Mediterranean world. It includes his eyewitness account of the Sack of Carthage and Corinth in 146 BC, and the Roman annexation of mainland Greece after the Achaean War. \nPolybius is important for his analysis of the mixed constitution or the separation of powers in government, which was influential on Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws and the framers of the United States Constitution. He was also noted for witnessing the events that he recorded.The leading expert on Polybius was F. W. Walbank (1909\u20132008), who for 50 years published studies related to him, including a long commentary of his Histories and a biography.", "Q90991": "Sandra Keller (born 10 August 1973 in K\u00f6nigs Wusterhausen) is a German actress, particularly known for her role as Tina Zimmermann, n\u00e9e Ullrich in the television series Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten, which she played from 1992 to 1996. In April 1996, she was on the cover of the German edition of Playboy.", "Q55373": "Piotr Fronczewski (born 8 June 1943 in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland), is a Polish actor and singer.\n\n", "Q95631": "Kurt Blecha (February 25, 1923 \u2013 March 1, 2013) was a German politician. He was a Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) official and head of the press office, and the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the GDR.\nBlecha was born in \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, Czechoslovakia. Blecha joined the Nazi Party in 1941 and was drafted into military service. He came in 1943 in Soviet captivity and was active in the National Committee for Free Germany.\nHe joined the SED in 1946. From the 1950s to 1989 he was part of the Board of the Journalists Association of the GDR. From 1953 to 1958 he was deputy director and then as successor to Fritz Beyling until 1989 in the Head of the Press Office to the Chairman of the Ministers of the GDR. \nBlecha was awarded, inter alia, the Patriotic Order of Merit in 1983 and 1988 with the honor Clasp to the Patriotic Order of Merit.\nHis daughter, Sigrid, was the second wife of East German foreign buyer Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski.", "Q59549": "Krzysztof Marek Piesiewicz (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u0282\u0268\u0282t\u0254f pj\u025b\u02c8\u0255\u025bvit\u0361\u0282]; born 25 October 1945 in Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish lawyer, screenwriter, and politician. From 1991 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2011 he was a member of Polish Senate. He was the head of the Ruch Spo\u0142eczny (RS) or Social Movement Party.", "Q1862638": "Rachael Wendy Bartholomew (born 22 February 1994), known by her stage name Rachael Leahcar, is an Australian singer and songwriter, born and raised in Adelaide, South Australia. She participated on the first season of The Voice Australia, coming in third place. Shortly after, she signed a record deal with Universal Music Australia. Her debut album Shooting Star, which contained songs she performed on The Voice, as well as newly recorded covers, was released on 13 July 2012. The album debuted at number five on the ARIA Albums Chart.", "Q1446475": "James Clarence Wakely (February 16, 1914 \u2013 September 23, 1982) was an American actor, songwriter, country Western music vocalist, and one of the last singing cowboys. During the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, he released records, appeared in several B-Western movies with most of the major studios, appeared on radio and television and even had his own series of comic books. His duet singles with Margaret Whiting from 1949\u201351 produced a string of top seven hits, including 1949's number one hit on the US country charts and pop music charts, \"Slippin' Around.\" Wakely owned two music publishing companies in later years and performed at the Grand Ole Opry until shortly before his death.", "Q17140": "Backstreet Boys (often abbreviated as BSB) is an American vocal group, formed in Orlando, Florida in 1993. The group consists of AJ McLean, Howie Dorough, Nick Carter, Kevin Richardson, and Brian Littrell.\nThe group rose to fame with their debut international album, Backstreet Boys (1996). In the following year, they released their second international album Backstreet's Back (1997) along with their self-titled U.S. debut album, which continued the group's success worldwide. They rose to superstardom with their third studio album Millennium (1999) and its follow-up album, Black & Blue (2000). After a two-year hiatus, they regrouped and released a comeback album Never Gone (2005). After the conclusion of the Never Gone Tour in 2006, Richardson left the group to pursue other interests. The group then released two albums as a quartet: Unbreakable (2007) and This Is Us (2009).\nIn 2012, the group announced that Richardson had rejoined them permanently. In the following year, they celebrated their 20th anniversary and released their first independent album, In a World Like This (2013). The Backstreet Boys are one of the few boy bands to have continued success long after their peak. Their 2019 album DNA debuted at number one, more than two decades after the group formed, and 19 years after they last topped in 2000. They also became the first boy band to top the U.S. album charts in three different decades.The Backstreet Boys have sold over 100 million records worldwide, making them the best-selling boy band of all time, and one of the world's best-selling music artists. They are the first group since Led Zeppelin to have their first ten albums reach the top 10 on the Billboard 200, and the only boy band to do so. The group received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on April 22, 2013. The group also released their first documentary movie, titled Backstreet Boys: Show 'Em What You're Made Of in January 2015.", "Q68794": "Brione sopra Minusio is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q172044": "Jennifer Anne Garner (born April 17, 1972) is an American actress, activist and entrepreneur. Following a supporting role in Pearl Harbor (2001), Garner gained recognition for her performance as CIA officer Sydney Bristow in the ABC spy-action thriller Alias, which aired from 2001 to 2006. For her work on the series, she won a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award, and received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations.\nWhile working on Alias, Garner made a cameo appearance in Catch Me If You Can (2002), followed by a praised leading performance in the romantic comedy film 13 Going on 30 (2004). Garner has appeared in supporting as well as lead roles, including the superhero films Daredevil (2003) and Elektra (2005), the comedy-drama Juno (2007), and the fantasy-comedy The Invention of Lying (2009). In the 2010s, she appeared in the romantic comedy Valentine's Day (2010), the fantasy drama The Odd Life of Timothy Green (2012), the biographic drama Dallas Buyers Club (2013), the family comedy Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day (2014), the drama Miracles from Heaven (2016), the romantic comedy-drama Love, Simon (2018), and the action thriller Peppermint (2018).\nGarner works frequently as an activist for early childhood education and is a board member of Save the Children. She is the co-founder and chief brand officer of the organic baby food company Once Upon a Farm. She is also an advocate for anti-paparazzi campaigns among children of celebrities.", "Q78587": "Franz Fischler (born 23 September 1946) is an Austrian politician from the Christian-conservative People's Party (\u00d6VP). He was the European Union's Commissioner for Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries (1995\u20132004). Currently he is President of the European Forum Alpbach.", "Q1852923": "Richard Coughlan (2 September 1947 \u2013 1 December 2013) was an English musician, best known as the drummer and percussionist of the Canterbury scene progressive rock band Caravan. He was one of the founding members of Caravan in 1968 and remained with the band until his death. AllMusic called Coughlan \"one of art rock's longest tenured musicians\".", "Q66961": "Jutta Bauer (born 9 January 1955) is a German writer and illustrator of children's books. For her \"lasting contribution\" as a children's illustrator she received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 2010.", "Q20934": "Incheon (Korean: \uc778\ucc9c; Hanja: \u4ec1\u5ddd; Korean pronunciation: [int\u0255\u02b0\u028cn]; McCune-Reischauer romanization Inch\u014fn; literally \"kind river\"), officially the Incheon Metropolitan City (\uc778\ucc9c\uad11\uc5ed\uc2dc), is a city located in northwestern South Korea, bordering Seoul and Gyeonggi to the east. Inhabited since the Neolithic, Incheon was home to just 4,700 people when it became an international port in 1883. Today, about 3 million people live in the city, making it South Korea's third most-populous city after Seoul and Busan. \nThe city's growth has been assured in modern times with the development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city and its proximity to the South Korean capital. It is part of the Seoul Capital Area, along with Seoul itself and Gyeonggi Province, forming the world's fourth largest metropolitan area by population.\nIncheon has since led the economic development of Korea by opening its port to the outside world, ushering in the modernization of Korea as a center of industrialization. In 2003, the city was designated as Korea's first free economic zone. Since then, large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in the Incheon Free Economic Zone, including Samsung which chose Songdo International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry.\nAs an international city, Incheon has held numerous large scale international conferences, such as the Incheon Global Fair & Festival in 2009. The 17th Asian Games Incheon 2014 was also held in Incheon on 19 September 2014. Incheon has established itself as a major transportation hub in northeast Asia with the Incheon International Airport and Incheon Port. The city is also home to the Green Climate Fund, an international organization addressing environmental issues.\n\n", "Q188856": "The Panth\u00e9on (French: [p\u0251\u0303.te.\u0254\u0303], from the Classical Greek word \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, p\u00e1ntheion, '(temple) to all the gods') is a monument in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is located in the area known as the Latin Quarter, standing atop the Montagne Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve, at the center of the Place du Panth\u00e9on which was named after it. The edifice was built from 1758 to 1790 over the designs of Jacques-Germain Soufflot at the behest of King Louis XV of France, who meant it as a church dedicated to Saint Genevieve, the city's patron saint, whose relics were to be housed there. Neither Soufflot nor Louis XV however lived to see the church completed.\nBy the time the construction was finished, the French Revolution had started, and the National Constituent Assembly voted in 1791 to transform the Church of Saint Genevieve into a mausoleum for the remains of distinguished French citizens, modelled on the Pantheon in Rome which had been used in this way since the 16th century. The first panth\u00e9onis\u00e9 was Honor\u00e9 Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, although his remains were removed from the place a few years later. The building was twice restored to church usage in the course of the 19th century\u2014although Soufflot's remains were transferred inside it in 1829\u2014until the French Third Republic finally decreed its exclusive use as a mausoleum in 1881; the placement of Victor Hugo's remains in the crypt in 1885 was the first one in over fifty years.\nThe successive changes in the building's purpose resulted in modifications of the pediment's decoration, the capping of the dome by a cross or a flag, and some of the originally existing windows were blocked up with masonry in order to give the interior a darker and more funereal atmosphere, which compromised somewhat Soufflot's initial attempt at combining the lightness and brightness of the Gothic cathedral with classical principles. The architecture of the Panth\u00e9on is an early example of Neoclassicism, surmounted by a dome that owes some of its character to Bramante's Tempietto.\nAs of 2018 the remains of 78 people have been transferred to the Panth\u00e9on, including those of 73 men and 5 women. More than half of all the panth\u00e9onisations were made under Napoleon's rule during the First French Empire. In 1851, L\u00e9on Foucault conducted a demonstration of diurnal motion at the Panth\u00e9on by suspending a pendulum from the ceiling, a copy of which is still visible today.", "Q285460": "Edward Ernest \"Judge\" Reinhold Jr. (born May 21, 1957) is an American actor, voice actor, singer and filmmaker who has starred in several Hollywood movies, such as Ruthless People, Fast Times at Ridgemont High, Gremlins, and Daddy's Dyin': Who's Got the Will?, and both trilogies for Beverly Hills Cop and The Santa Clause.\n\n", "Q443708": "Nikolay Antonovich Dollezhal (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c; 27 October [O.S. 15 October] 1899 \u2013 20 November 2000) was a Soviet mechanical engineer of Czech descent, a key figure in Soviet atomic bomb project and chief designer of nuclear reactors from the first plutonium production reactor to the RBMK.\nBorn in Omelnik, Zaporizhia Oblast, in a family of Czech immigrants, Dollezhal graduated MVTU in 1923. Until 1930, he worked in various design bureaus, but after a tour of Europe in 1929 he was arrested and spent a year and a half in prison, before being acquitted in January 1932. In 1932-1943 he headed important manufacturing plants in Kiev, Leningrad and Sverdlovsk.\nIn 1943, Dollezhal was appointed to lead the new Institute of Chemical Machinery in Moscow. In 1946, the Institute was assigned to the Soviet atomic project; his first reactors, graphite moderated types A and AI, produced Soviet plutonium used in Joe 1 nuclear test of 1949 and subsequent nuclear weapons deployment. After 1950, Dollezhal focused on nuclear marine propulsion. His first proposal, Type AM, was not practical for marine uses but became the core of the first nuclear power plant in Obninsk, commissioned in 1954. In the same year, he produced a viable draft of a light water submarine reactor.\nDollezhal pioneered the concept of the pressurized water reactor, which led to numerous military and VVER-type civilian designs. In 1957 Dollezhal Institute launched their first dual-use (civilian energy and weapons-grade plutonium) powerplant, Type EI, and seven years later, the first truly industrial Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station. All subsequent Soviet reactors (VVER, RBMK) also originated from his firm.\n\n", "Q322813": "Michael Thomas Hickland Wesley-Smith (born 2 December 1983) is a New Zealand television actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Jack in the teen sci-fi TV show The Tribe.", "Q56082787": "Legend S: Baptism XX (stylized as LEGEND - S - BAPTISM XX -) is the seventh live video album by Japanese heavy metal band Babymetal, released in Japan on August 1, 2018 through BMD Fox Records and Toy's Factory. It contains footage from the shows of the same name at Hiroshima Green Arena in December 2017.", "Q506526": "Bojan Kri\u017eaj (listen ) (born 3 January 1957) is a Slovenian, back then Yugoslavian, former alpine skier. During his international career he competed for the then-existing Yugoslavia. He competed at three Winter Olympics.\n\n", "Q122667": "Gunter Scho\u00df (born 2 December 1940 in Berlin, Germany) is a German voice and television actor.\nAmong numerous other projects he was the German voice of Donald Sutherland's character in Pride and Prejudice and of Frank Langella as Merneptah in the 1995 film Moses.", "Q51101": "Jolin Tsai (; Chinese: \u8521\u4f9d\u6797; born September 15, 1980) is a Taiwanese singer, songwriter, dancer, actress, and businesswoman. Tsai is known for frequently reinventing both her music and image, and she is cited as a huge role of popularizing dance-pop as mainstream popular music in Greater China. She maintains her autonomy within the recording industry, and her musical productions have received widespread critical acclaim. Referred to as the \"Queen of C-Pop\", she has achieved popularity in Chinese-speaking world by releasing a series of successful albums.Born and raised in Taiwan, Tsai began her singing career by winning the champion at an MTV singing competition in 1998. Her debut album, 1019 (1999), made her quickly become a teen idol with a large teenage fanbase. Her fifth album, Magic (2003), is regarded as one of her biggest successes so far, right after her eighth album, Dancing Diva (2006), which reflected her mature artistic statement. Her thirteenth album, Play (2014), further thrust her into the international spotlight. After several successful albums, her fourteenth album, Ugly Beauty, was released in 2018.Having sold more than 25 million records in Asia, Tsai is recognized as one of the best-selling artists in the region. Her works have earned her numerous awards and accolades, including six Golden Melody Awards, an Mnet Asian Music Award, an MTV Asia Award, and an MTV Video Music Award. As a businesswoman, she founded her own entertainment company Eternal in 2009. Her other ventures include fashion design and writing books. Forbes reported that she is one of the highest-paid Chinese celebrities, with the estimated net worth of NT$2 billion in 2014.", "Q85436": "Walther Reyer (4 September 1922 \u2013 8 September 1999) was an Austrian actor. He appeared in more than 50 films and television shows between 1954 and 1997.", "Q266923": "The Kingdom of Mysore was a kingdom in southern India, traditionally believed to have been founded in 1399 in the vicinity of the modern city of Mysore. The kingdom, which was ruled by the Wodeyar family, initially served as a vassal state of the Vijayanagara Empire. With the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire (c. 1565), the kingdom became independent. The 17th century saw a steady expansion of its territory and during the rule of Narasaraja Wodeyar I and Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar, the kingdom annexed large expanses of what is now southern Karnataka and parts of Tamil Nadu to become a powerful state in the southern Deccan.\nThe kingdom experienced sustained growth in per capita income and population, structural change in the economy, and increased pace of technological innovation, and reached the height of its economic and military power and dominion in the latter half of the 18th century under the de facto ruler Haider Ali and his son Tipu Sultan. During this time, it came into conflict with the Marathas, the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Kingdom of Travancore and the British, which culminated in the four Anglo-Mysore Wars. Success in the first Anglo-Mysore war and a stalemate in the second was followed by defeat in the third and fourth. Following Tipu's death in the fourth war of 1799, large parts of his kingdom were annexed by the British, which signalled the end of a period of Mysorean hegemony over southern Deccan. The British restored the Wodeyars to their throne by way of a subsidiary alliance and the diminished Mysore was transformed into a princely state. The Wodeyars continued to rule the state until Indian independence in 1947, when Mysore acceded to the Union of India.\nEven as a princely state, Mysore came to be counted among the more developed and urbanised regions of India. This period (1799\u20131947) also saw Mysore emerge as one of the important centres of art and culture in India. The Mysore kings were not only accomplished exponents of the fine arts and men of letters, they were enthusiastic patrons as well, and their legacies continue to influence music and art even today.", "Q220976": "Thomas \u00e0 Kempis (c. 1380 \u2013 25 July 1471) was a German-Dutch canon regular of the late medieval period and the author of The Imitation of Christ, one of the most popular and best known Christian devotional books. His name means Thomas \"of Kempen\", his home town, and in German he is known as Thomas von Kempen (in Dutch, Thomas van Kempen).He was a member of the Modern Devotion, a spiritual movement during the late medieval period, and a follower of Geert Groote and Florens Radewyns, the founders of the Brethren of the Common Life.", "Q68780": "Fontenais is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Bressaucourt merged into the municipality of Fontenais.", "Q211573": "Garage rock (sometimes called '60s punk or garage punk) is a raw and energetic style of rock and roll that flourished in the mid-1960s, most notably in the United States and Canada, and has experienced a series of subsequent revivals. The style is characterized by basic chord structures played on electric guitars and other instruments, sometimes distorted through a fuzzbox, as well as often unsophisticated and occasionally aggressive lyrics and delivery. Its name derives from the perception that groups were often made up of young amateurs who rehearsed in the family garage, although many were professional.\nIn the US and Canada, surf rock\u2014and later the Beatles and other beat groups of the British Invasion\u2014motivated thousands of young people to form bands between 1963 and 1968. Hundreds of acts produced regional hits, and some had national hits, usually played on AM radio stations. With the advent of psychedelia, a number of garage bands incorporated exotic elements into the genre's primitive stylistic framework. After 1968, as more sophisticated forms of rock music came to dominate the marketplace, garage rock records largely disappeared from national and regional charts, and the movement faded. Other countries in the 1960s experienced similar grass-roots rock movements that have sometimes been characterized as variants of garage rock.\nDuring the 1960s garage rock was not recognized as a distinct genre and had no specific name, but critical hindsight in the early 1970s\u2014and especially the 1972 compilation album Nuggets\u2014did much to define and memorialize the style. Between 1971 and 1973, certain American rock critics began to retroactively identify the music as a genre and for several years used the term \"punk rock\" to describe it, making it the first form of music to bear the description, predating the more familiar use of the term appropriated by the later punk rock movement that it influenced. The term \"garage rock\" gained favor amongst commentators and devotees during the 1980s. The style has also been referred to as \"proto-punk\".\nIn the early to mid-1980s, several revival scenes emerged featuring acts that consciously attempted to replicate the look and sound of 1960s garage bands. Later in the decade, a louder, more contemporary garage subgenre developed that combined garage rock with modern punk rock and other influences, sometimes using the garage punk label originally and otherwise associated with 1960s garage bands. In the 2000s, a wave of garage-influenced acts associated with the post-punk revival emerged, and some achieved commercial success. Garage rock continues to appeal to musicians and audiences who prefer a \"back to basics\" or \"do-it-yourself\" musical approach.", "Q172050": "Louis Jos\u00e9 Lucien Dolhem (26 April 1944 \u2013 16 April 1988) was a racing driver from France, and the half brother (and also 1st cousin) of Formula One driver Didier Pironi (they had the same father and their mothers were sisters).Dolhem was born in Paris. He participated in three Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 7 July 1974, and scoring no championship points. His single grand prix start came to end when he was withdrawn by his team after his team-mate Helmuth Koinigg's fatal accident during the season-ending US Grand Prix. Dolhem died in a plane crash near Saint-Etienne in 1988.\nDolhem and Pironi are buried in the same plot at Grimaud, near St Tropez in southern France.", "Q2159594": "Roberto Rocca (1922 \u2013 June 10, 2003) was a prominent Italian-born naturalized Argentinian businessman.", "Q345888": "Robert Galley (January 11, 1921 \u2013 June 8, 2012) was a French politician and member of the Free French Forces during World War II, for which he received the Ordre de la Lib\u00e9ration.The son of a doctor, Galley was born in Paris on January 11, 1921. During the Fall of France in 1940, Galley was able to escape to the United Kingdom disguised as a Polish soldier. He joined the Free French Forces and was sent to North Africa, including the Battle of El Alamein. Galley was next stationed within General Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque's 2nd Armored Division, through which he participated in the Liberation of Paris and the Western Allied invasion of Germany. Galley later married General Leclerc de Hauteclocque's daughter, Jeanne Leclerc de Hauteclocque, following the end of World War II.After the war, Galley passed the entrance examinations to the French graduate engineering schools and was admitted to the Ecole Centrale Paris, from which he graduated in 1949.\nHe worked and held various positions in areas of petroleum, nuclear energy, and informatics. From 1955 to 1966 he headed the construction of various nuclear plants and research facilities for the CEA. He was the Deputy Information Officer to the French Prime Minister and Chairman of the Board of Directors of INRIA in 1967.\nGalley began his political career in 1968. He served as a government minister for fourteen consecutive years within the administrations of three French Presidents - Charles de Gaulle, Georges Pompidou and Val\u00e9ry Giscard d'Estaing. Galley held the portfolios of Minister of Infrastructure, Minister of Housing, Minister of Research and Space, Minister of Telecommunications, Minister of Transportation, Minister of Defence from 1973 to 1974, and Minister of Cooperation from 1976 to 1980.Galley also served as Mayor of Troyes from 1972 to 1995.Robert Galley died in Troyes, France, on June 8, 2012, at the age of 91.", "Q199797": "Tacoma ( t\u0259-KOH-m\u0259) is a mid-sized urban port city and the county seat of Pierce County, Washington, United States. The city is on Washington's Puget Sound, 32 miles (51 km) southwest of Seattle (of which it is the largest satellite city), 31 miles (50 km) northeast of the state capital, Olympia, and 58 miles (93 km) northwest of Mount Rainier National Park. The population was 198,397, according to the 2010 census. Tacoma is the second-largest city in the Puget Sound area and the third-largest in the state. Tacoma also serves as the center of business activity for the South Sound region, which has a population of around 1 million.\nTacoma adopted its name after the nearby Mount Rainier, originally called Takhoma or Tahoma. It is locally known as the \"City of Destiny\" because the area was chosen to be the western terminus of the Northern Pacific Railroad in the late 19th century. The decision of the railroad was influenced by Tacoma's neighboring deep-water harbor, Commencement Bay. By connecting the bay with the railroad, Tacoma's motto became \"When rails meet sails\". Commencement Bay serves the Port of Tacoma, a center of international trade on the Pacific Coast and Washington's largest port.\nLike most industrial cities, Tacoma suffered a prolonged decline in the mid-20th century as a result of suburbanization and divestment. Since the 1990s, downtown Tacoma has undergone a slow and steady revitalization. Developments in the downtown core include the University of Washington Tacoma; Tacoma Link, the first modern electric light rail service in the state; the state's highest density of art and history museums; and a restored urban waterfront, the Thea Foss Waterway.\nTacoma has been named one of the most livable areas in the United States. In 2006, Tacoma was listed as one of the \"most walkable\" cities in the country.Tacoma gained notoriety in 1940 for the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, which earned the nickname \"Galloping Gertie\".", "Q124216": "The Swiss (German: die Schweizer, French: les Suisses, Italian: gli Svizzeri, Romansh: ils Svizzers) are the citizens of Switzerland or people of Swiss ancestry.\nThe number of Swiss nationals has grown from 1.7 million in 1815 to 7 million in 2016. More than 1.5 million Swiss citizens hold multiple citizenship. \nAbout 11% of citizens live abroad (0.8 million, of whom 0.6 million hold multiple citizenship).\nAbout 60% of those living abroad reside in the European Union (0.46 million). \nThe largest groups of Swiss descendants and nationals outside Europe are found in the United States and Canada.\nAlthough the modern state of Switzerland originated in 1848, the period of romantic nationalism, it is not a nation-state, and the Swiss are not usually considered to form a single ethnic group, but a confederacy (Eidgenossenschaft) or Willensnation (\"nation of will\", \"nation by choice\", that is, a consociational state), a term coined in conscious contrast to \"nation\" in the conventionally linguistic or ethnic sense of the term.\nThe demonym Swiss (formerly in English also Switzer) and the name of Switzerland, ultimately derive from the toponym Schwyz, have been in widespread use to refer to the Old Swiss Confederacy since the 16th century.", "Q49996": "Kenya Akiba (\u79cb\u8449 \u8ce2\u4e5f, Akiba Ken'ya, born July 3, 1962) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Miyagi Prefecture, he attended Chuo University as an undergraduate and received his master's degree from Tohoku University. He was elected to the first of his three terms in the assembly of Miyagi Prefecture in 1995 and then to the House of Representatives for the first time in 2005.", "Q495428": "Bretten is a town in the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is located on Bertha Benz Memorial Route.\n\n", "Q272956": "Nia Talita Long (born October 30, 1970) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in the television series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Third Watch and Empire, and the films Boyz n the Hood, Friday, Love Jones, Soul Food, In Too Deep, The Best Man, Big Momma's House and Are We There Yet?.", "Q169316": "Plain White T's are an American rock band from Lombard, Illinois, formed in 1997 by high school friends Tom Higgenson, Dave Tirio, and Ken Fletcher. They were joined a short time later by Steve Mast. The group had a mostly underground following in Chicago basements, clubs, and bars in its early years.The band had a number-one hit song with \"Hey There Delilah\", which achieved platinum status in 2007 and earned two Grammy nominations. Their songs \"1234\" and \"Rhythm of Love\" were certified platinum in 2009 and 2011.", "Q35493": "Almaty (; Kazakh: Almaty, \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b; Ya\u00f1alif: Almat\u044c; [\u0251lm\u0251\u02c8t\u0259]; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b, [\u0250lm\u0250\u02c8t\u0268]), formerly known as Alma-Ata (; Kazakh: Alma-Ata; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430-\u0410\u0442\u0430, romanized: Alma-Ata) and Verniy (Russian: \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439, romanized: Vernyy), is the largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of 2,039,376 people, about 11% of the country's total population, and more than 2.7 million in its built-up area that encompasses Talgar, Boraldai, Otegen Batyr and many other suburbs. It served as capital of the Soviet and later independent Kazakhstan from 1929 to 1997. In 1997, the government relocated the capital to Astana (known as \"Nur-Sultan\" as of 23 March 2019) in the north of the country and about 12 hours away by train.\nAlmaty continues as the major commercial and cultural centre of Kazakhstan, as well as its most populous and most cosmopolitan city. The city is located in the mountainous area of southern Kazakhstan near the border with Kyrgyzstan in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau at an elevation of 700\u2013900 m (2,300\u20133,000 feet), where the Large and Small Almatinka rivers run into the plain.The city has been part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in the area of music since November 2017. The city was the host for a 1978 international conference on Primary Health Care where the Alma Ata Declaration was adopted, marking a paradigm shift in global public health.", "Q297064": "Christopher Chace Crawford (born July 18, 1985) is an American actor, known for his portrayal of Nate Archibald on The CW's teen drama series Gossip Girl. He is also known for starring in the films The Covenant (2006), The Haunting of Molly Hartley (2008), Twelve (2010), and What to Expect When You're Expecting (2012). In 2015, he portrayed Billy LeFever in ABC's short-lived drama series Blood & Oil. In 2019, he appeared as a member of the main cast of the Amazon Prime Video original series, The Boys, is based on the comic book series of the same name, portraying the Deep.", "Q7535073": "Skidmore College is a private liberal arts college in Saratoga Springs, New York. Approximately 2,650 students are enrolled at Skidmore pursuing a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree in one of more than 60 areas of study.", "Q469693": "Lucille Bremer (February 21, 1917 \u2013 April 16, 1996) was an American film actress and dancer.", "Q88112": "Betty Bird (18 June 1901 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary as Hilde Elisabeth Ptack \u2013 4 March 1998 in Rome, Italy) was an actress, known for Die spanische Fliege (1931), Corazones sin rumbo (1928) and Sturm auf drei Herzen (1930). She was married to Gustav Ucicky.", "Q436397": "Jeffrey William Meek (born February 11, 1959) is an American actor. Meek and his family moved often; as a child, Meek lived in Zweibr\u00fccken (Germany), Michigan, and San Francisco.\nMeek graduated from Arlington High School in Riverside, California, and attended the University of California at Irvine. After graduating from UCI with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Drama, he moved to New York City after he was offered the role of Quinn McCleary on Search for Tomorrow.", "Q25858": "Kings of the Sun is a 1963 DeLuxe Color film directed by J. Lee Thompson for Mirisch Productions set in Mesoamerica at the time of the conquest of Chichen Itza by Hunac Ceel. Location scenes filmed in Mazatl\u00e1n and Chichen Itza. The film marks the second project Thompson completed with Yul Brynner within a year \u2014 the other being Taras Bulba.", "Q45174": "Parveen Shakir or Parvin Shakir (Urdu: \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u200e) (24 November 1952 \u2013 26 December 1995) was an Urdu poet, teacher and a civil servant of the Government of Pakistan.\n\n", "Q307463": "Abdul-Rahman bin Abdulaziz (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e, \u02bfAbd ar-Ra\u1e25man ibn \u02bfAbd l-\u02bfAz\u012bz \u0100l Sa\u02bf\u016bd; 1931 \u2013 13 July 2017) was a senior member of the House of Saud and Saudi Arabian deputy minister of defense and aviation.\n\n", "Q921262": "Francis Henry King (4 March 1923 \u2013 3 July 2011) was a British novelist, poet and short story writer. He worked for the British Council for 15 years, with positions in Europe and Japan. For 25 years he was a chief book reviewer for the Sunday Telegraph, and for 10 years its theatre critic.", "Q126401": "Eric Kyle Szmanda (; born July 24, 1975) is an American actor. He is best known for having played Greg Sanders in the CBS police drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, a role he held from the show's beginning in 2000 until it ended in 2015.", "Q55367": "Zbigniew Zamachowski (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8zbi\u0261\u0272\u025bv zama\u02c8x\u0254fsk\u02b2i]; born July 17, 1961) is a Polish actor.\nZamachowski graduated from the actor's faculty in \"PWSFTViT\" in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a. He began his acting career in 1981 and in 1989 had a co-starring role in Part Ten (Thou Shalt Not Covet Thy Neighbor's Goods) of director Krzysztof Kie\u015blowski's film series, Dekalog. Four years later, Kie\u015blowski cast him as the lead character, \"Karol Karol\", in Three Colors: White, the second of his acclaimed Three Colors trilogy.\nBetween 1985 and 1997, he performed at The Studio Theater, and since 1997 he has been an actor at the National Theater in Warsaw.", "Q129732": "William Armstrong (December 23, 1782 \u2013 May 10, 1865) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia.", "Q310679": "Edin Dervi\u0161halidovi\u0107 (born 12 September 1962), known by his stage name Dino Merlin is a Bosnian singer-songwriter, musician and record producer.Nicknamed \"The Wizard\", he is considered one of the most prominent and commercially successful artists ever to emerge from former Yugoslavia. Born in Sarajevo, he was the founder and leader of \"Merlin\", which eventually became one of the best selling rock-bands of south-east Europe.Dino is recognised for his later solo work during which he established himself as one of the best-selling regional artists of all time. During his career he has produced over a dozen chart-topping albums, held several record-breaking tours, won many awards including the April 6 Award of Sarajevo, and has authored the first national anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He is widely known for his distinctive voice, stage performances and poetic lyrics.", "Q609875": "Giovanni Battista Angioletti (27 November 1896 \u2013 3 August 1961) was an Italian writer and journalist.", "Q156858": "Struga (Macedonian: \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 [\u02c8stru\u0261a] (listen), Albanian: Strug\u00eb) is a town and popular tourist destination situated in the south-western region of North Macedonia, lying on the shore of Lake Ohrid. The town of Struga is the seat of Struga Municipality.", "Q930409": "Jacques Zegers (born 25 June 1947, Brussels) is a Belgian singer, best known for his participation in the 1984 Eurovision Song Contest.", "Q169470": "A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.\nPhysicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate causes of phenomena, and usually frame their understanding in mathematical terms.\nPhysicists work across a wide range of research fields, spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic and particle physics, through biological physics, to cosmological length scales encompassing the universe as a whole.\nThe field generally includes two types of physicists: experimental physicists who specialize in the observation of physical phenomena and the analysis of experiments, and theoretical physicists who specialize in mathematical modeling of physical systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena.\nPhysicists can apply their knowledge towards solving practical problems or to developing new technologies (also known as applied physics or engineering physics).", "Q15025": "Audrey Tang (born 18 April 1981; formerly known as Autrijus Tang) is a Taiwanese free software programmer, who has been described as one of the \"ten greats of Taiwanese computing personalities\". In August 2016, she was invited to join the Taiwan Executive Yuan as a minister without portfolio, making her the first transgender official in the top executive cabinet.\n\n", "Q1173639": "David James Ball (born 3 May 1959) is an English producer and electronic musician, who has played in bands such as Soft Cell and The Grid, and collaborated with other producers including Ingo Vauk and Chris Braide. He is usually called Dave Ball on record sleeves.", "Q504457": "Wagh\u00e4usel (German pronunciation: [\u02c8vak.h\u0254\u028fz\u0259l], locally [\u02c8vak.h\u0254us\u025bl]) is a German city located in the Rhine valley in the south-western state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. Wagh\u00e4usel consists of 3 townships which are the core city (1236 residents), Kirrlach (9347 residents), and Wiesental (9596 residents) [as of March 31, 2006]. Wiesental and Kirrlach are located on Bertha Benz Memorial Route.\nAmong the 3 townships, Wiesental occupies the largest land area of 21.2 km\u00b2 followed by Kirrlach with 19.4 km\u00b2 and the core city with 0.22 km\u00b2.", "Q683580": "Nanjing University (NJU or NU, sometimes Nanking University, simplified Chinese: \u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66; traditional Chinese: \u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b78; pinyin: N\u00e1nj\u012bng D\u00e0xu\u00e9, N\u00e1nk\u012bng T\u00e0hs\u00fc\u00e9h), known as Nanda (\u5357\u5927; N\u00e1nd\u00e0), is a major public university, the oldest institution of higher learning in Nanjing, Jiangsu, and a member of the elite C9 League of Chinese universities.\nEstablished in 1902 as Sanjiang Normal School, it underwent a number of name changes until it was renamed Nanjing University in 1950. It merged with the University of Nanking in 1952.In addition to its membership in the C9 League, Nanjing University has been designated a Class A institution in the Double First Class University plan, a government initiative to cultivate an elite group of Chinese universities into \"world-class\" institutions. The university is perennially ranked one of the best research universities in China, and one of China's most selective universities. It is ranked among the top universities worldwide in major global university rankings. Regarding research output, the Nature Index 2017 ranks Nanjing University number 2 in China, number 3 in Asia Pacific and number 12 in the world.NJU has two main campuses: the Xianlin campus in the northeast of Nanjing, and the Gulou campus in the city center of Nanjing.", "Q127079": "William Humphrey (June 18, 1924 \u2013 August 20, 1997) was an American novelist, memoirist, short story writer, and author of literary sporting and nature stories. His published works, while still available in French translation, largely have been out of print until recently. Home from the Hill and The Ordways are available from LSU Press. In 2015, Open Road Media published the complete works of William Humphrey in digital form.\nOf significant interest to readers of Humphrey are Wakeful Anguish, A Literary Biography of William Humphrey by Ashby Bland Crowder as well as Far From Home, Selected Letters of William Humphrey edited by Crowder, both available from Louisiana State University Press.", "Q589015": "Glenn Morshower (born Glenn Grove Bennett April 24, 1959) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Secret Service Agent Aaron Pierce in 24. He has also appeared in many feature films and television series, such as the Transformers film series, often playing the role of a military officer.\n\n", "Q677367": "Igor Newerly or Igor Abramow-Newerly (24 March 1903, Bia\u0142owie\u017ca \u2013 19 October 1987, Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish novelist and educator. He was born into a Czech-Russian family. His son is Polish novelist Jaros\u0142aw Abramow-Newerly. His grandfather J\u00f3zef Newerly, was a Czech national, who held a title of Lovtchiy (Russian: \u041b\u043e\u0432\u0447\u0438\u0439, Polish: \u0141owczy: \"Master of the Hunt\") to the court of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.\nIgor Newerly lost one leg as a child. He studied law at Kiev University but he was relegated for political reasons, arrested and sent to Odessa. In 1924 he emigrated illegally to the newly independent Poland and was active in the field of pedagogy in Warsaw. He worked together with the renowned educator Janusz Korczak, and in 1926 became his secretary. From 1932 to 1939 Newerly worked for Ma\u0142y Przegl\u0105d (Little Review). He married Barbara Jarecka.\nUnder the Nazi German occupation of Poland Newerly was a member of the Polish resistance. He helped Janusz Korczak at his Orphanage and saved his diary of martyrdom. He also hid from Nazi persecution several of his Jewish colleagues from Nasz Przegl\u0105d daily \u2013 among them Kuba Hersztein \u2013 and transported Lejzor Czarnobroda to Warsaw after he escaped from the train to Treblinka and broke his leg. Newerly was arrested at the beginning of 1943 by the German Gestapo and imprisoned at Pawiak in Warsaw. Until the end of the war he was an inmate of Nazi concentration camps: Majdanek, Auschwitz, Oranienburg and Bergen Belsen where he was liberated.After the war in 1945, he resumed a pedagogical career. Based on Newerly's novel Pami\u0105tka z Celulozy (A Souvenir from the Cellulose Mill), the Polish director Jerzy Kawalerowicz made two films: Celuloza (Cellulose Mill) and Pod gwiazd\u0105 frygijsk\u0105 (Under the Phrygian Star).\nHis son is Jaros\u0142aw Abramow-Newerly, a writer.", "Q6708077": "Lyman Ray Patterson (18 February 1929 \u2013 5 November 2003) was an American law professor and an influential copyright scholar and historian.", "Q267383": "Martha Campbell Plimpton (born November 16, 1970) is an American actress, singer, and former model. Her feature film debut was in Rollover (1981); she subsequently rose to prominence in the Richard Donner film The Goonies (1985). She has also appeared in The Mosquito Coast (1986), Running on Empty (1988), Parenthood (1989), Samantha (1992), Raising Hope (2010) and Small Town Murder Songs (2011).\nShe is recognized on Broadway for her roles in The Coast of Utopia (2006\u20132007), Shining City (2006\u20132007), Top Girls (2007\u20132008), and Pal Joey (2008\u20132009). Other theatre productions in which she has performed include The Playboy of the Western World, A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Glass Menagerie, The Sisters Rosensweig, and Uncle Vanya. She returned to Broadway in the fall of 2014 in a revival of A Delicate Balance.Plimpton most recently starred in The Real O'Neals, an ABC sitcom that aired from March 2016 to March 2017.She played Virginia Chance in the Fox sitcom Raising Hope, which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. She has also received three Tony Award nominations as well as a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2002, and again in 2012 as attorney Patti Nyholm in the CBS legal drama The Good Wife, the latter of which she won.", "Q124570": "Georges Oltramare (born 17 April 1896 in Geneva \u2013 died 16 August 1960 in Geneva) was a Swiss author and fascist politician who became involved in collaboration in Nazi-occupied France.\nBorn into a leading Geneva family, he obtained a demi-licence in law at the University of Geneva in 1919. He became a noted author, winning the Foundation Schiller prize for his 1927 novel Don Juan ou la Solitude and also wrote for a number of right wing journals, specifically Le Pilori, which specialized in anti-Semitism. He began direct involvement in politics in 1931 when he set up the Ordre politique national, merging this with the Union de D\u00e9fense \u00e9conomique to form the Union nationale the following year. This fascist movement, which represented the country's French population, gained little support, although Oltramare was invited to participate in the anti-communist Entente nationale genevoise with more conservative parties in 1936. He remained leader of the Union Nationale until 1940 when he left the country to settle in German-occupied France.Adopting the pseudonym Charles Dieudonn\u00e9, Oltramare took up his pen in support of the Nazis, eventually becoming director of La France au travail, a German-funded newspaper aimed at converting the country's trade unionists and former communists to the Nazi cause. Also writing for L'Appel and Revivre, as well as broadcasting on Radio Paris, Oltramare even survived an assassination attempt on the Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es.He left France in August 1944 for Sigmaringen, eventually returning to Switzerland in April 1945. Arrested for compromising Switzerland's independence, he spent the next few years in and out detention before being freed in 1952. He went on to live in Spain and Egypt, where he briefly worked as a propagandist for the regime of Gamal Abdel Nasser, before returning to Switzerland where he was allowed to revive Le Pilori, which this time combined Poujadism with anti-Semitism. Notwithstanding a sentence of death that had been passed on him by a French court in 1950 Oltramare died of natural causes in Geneva.\n\n", "Q277190": "Ana Padr\u00e3o (born 4 July 1967) is a Portuguese film actress. She appeared in more than eighty films since 1987.", "Q3012": "Ulm (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0294\u028alm] (listen)) is a city in the federal German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, situated on the River Danube. The city, whose population is estimated at almost 120,000 (2015), forms an urban district of its own (German: Stadtkreis) and is the administrative seat of the Alb-Donau district. Founded around 850, Ulm is rich in history and traditions as a former free imperial city (German: freie Reichsstadt). Today, it is an economic centre due to its varied industries, and it is the seat of the University of Ulm. Internationally, Ulm is primarily known for having the church with the tallest steeple in the world (161.53 m or 529.95 ft), the Gothic minster (Ulm Minster, German: Ulmer M\u00fcnster), and as the birthplace of Albert Einstein.", "Q388150": "Cuando vuelvas a mi lado (English: By My Side Again) is a 1999 Spanish film directed by Gracia Querejeta. The film was nominated for seven Goya Awards.", "Q55625233": "Nighthawk is the fourteenth novel in the NUMA Files series by Clive Cussler.", "Q353754": "Paul de Man (December 6, 1919 \u2013 December 21, 1983), born Paul Adolph Michel Deman, was a Belgian-born literary critic and literary theorist. At the time of his death, de Man was one of the most prominent literary critics in the United States\u2014known particularly for his importation of German and French philosophical approaches into Anglo-American literary studies and critical theory. Along with Jacques Derrida, he was part of an influential critical movement that went beyond traditional interpretation of literary texts to reflect on the epistemological difficulties inherent in any textual, literary, or critical activity. This approach aroused considerable opposition, which de Man attributed to \"resistance\" inherent in the difficult enterprise of literary interpretation itself.De Man began his teaching career in the United States at Bard College. He completed his Ph.D. at Harvard University in 1960, then taught at Cornell University, Johns Hopkins University, and the University of Zurich. He joined the faculty in French and Comparative Literature at Yale University, where he was considered part of the Yale School of Deconstruction. At the time of his death from cancer, he was Sterling Professor of the Humanities and chairman of the Department of Comparative Literature at Yale. De Man oversaw the dissertations of Gayatri Spivak (at Cornell), Barbara Johnson (at Yale), Samuel Weber (at Cornell), and many other noted scholars.\nAfter his death, a researcher uncovered some two hundred previously unknown articles which de Man had written in his early twenties for Belgian collaborationist newspapers during World War II, some of them implicitly and two explicitly anti-Semitic. These, in combination with revelations about his domestic life and financial history, caused a scandal and provoked a reconsideration of his life and work.", "Q241422": "Johann, or Jean, Hermann, or Herrmann, (31 December 1738 in Barr, Alsace \u2013 4 October 1800 in Strasbourg) was a French physician and naturalist. \nIn 1769 he was appointed professor of medicine at the School of Public Health of Strasbourg, then, in 1778, professor of philosophy, before going on, in 1784, to succeed Jacob Reinbold Spielmann as chair of chemistry, natural history and materia medica. In 1794 he became professor of botany and materia medica in the new School of Medicine.\nHe was the author of Tabula affinitatum animalium (1783) and Observationes zoologicae quibus novae complures, published posthumously in 1804. \nHis collections and library of 18,000 volumes formed the basis of the Natural History Museum of Strasbourg, where a reconstruction of his natural history cabinet was opened in 1988 . \nHermann was also in charge of Strasbourg's botanical garden, where he was responsible for a large increase in the number of living plant species. The garden was threatened with closure by the city administration during the French Revolution, and was only saved by the efforts of Hermann.\nHis zoological collection, including 200 mammals, 900 birds, more than 200 reptiles, many fish, invertebrates and dried plants, was bought by the city of Strasbourg in 1804 and served as the base for the Strasbourg zoological Museum.\nHis brother, Jean-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Hermann (1743\u20131820), Professor of Law, was a member of the Lower Rhine and Mayor of Strasbourg.\nHis son, Jean-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Hermann (1768\u20131793), would follow in his footsteps both in medicine and in natural history, until his untimely death during the revolutionary wars put an end to his ambitions.\nHermann's name survives most famously through Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni ).", "Q228494": "Elizabeth Barrett Browning (n\u00e9e Moulton-Barrett, ; 6 March 1806 \u2013 29 June 1861) was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime.\nBorn in County Durham, the eldest of 12 children, Elizabeth Barrett wrote poetry from the age of eleven. Her mother's collection of her poems forms one of the largest extant collections of juvenilia by any English writer. At 15 she became ill, suffering intense head and spinal pain for the rest of her life. Later in life she also developed lung problems, possibly tuberculosis. She took laudanum for the pain from an early age, which is likely to have contributed to her frail health. \nIn the 1840s Elizabeth was introduced to literary society through her cousin, John Kenyon. Her first adult collection of poems was published in 1838 and she wrote prolifically between 1841 and 1844, producing poetry, translation and prose. She campaigned for the abolition of slavery and her work helped influence reform in the child labour legislation. Her prolific output made her a rival to Tennyson as a candidate for poet laureate on the death of Wordsworth.\nElizabeth's volume Poems (1844) brought her great success, attracting the admiration of the writer Robert Browning. Their correspondence, courtship and marriage were carried out in secret, for fear of her father's disapproval. Following the wedding she was indeed disinherited by her father. The couple moved to Italy in 1846, where she would live for the rest of her life. They had one son, Robert Wiedeman Barrett Browning, whom they called Pen. She died in Florence in 1861. A collection of her last poems was published by her husband shortly after her death.\nElizabeth's work had a major influence on prominent writers of the day, including the American poets Edgar Allan Poe and Emily Dickinson. She is remembered for such poems as \"How Do I Love Thee?\" (Sonnet 43, 1845) and Aurora Leigh (1856).", "Q144284": "Absu was an American extreme metal band from Dallas, Texas. Their demos and first album leaned towards death metal, but evolved more towards a black metal and thrash metal style which includes elements of Celtic and folk music (and later, elements of jazz fusion, progressive rock and psychedelic music) which the band calls \"Mythological Occult Metal\". Their lyrical themes are esoteric, including themes of Celtic, Sumerian and Mesopotamian myths and legends, alchemy, numerology, magick, and sorcery.", "Q70871": "Paul Erman (29 February 1764 \u2013 11 October 1851) was a German physicist from Berlin, Brandenburg and a Huguenot of the fourth generation. He was the son of the historian Jean Pierre Erman (1735\u20131814), author of Histoire des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.\nErman became teacher of science successively at the French gymnasium (Franz\u00f6sisches Gymnasium Berlin) in Berlin, and at the military academy, and on the foundation of the University of Berlin in 18 months he was chosen professor of physics. His work was mainly concerned with electricity and magnetism, though he also made some contributions to optics and physiology.\nErman died in Berlin. He had a son, Georg Adolf Erman who was a physicist, and a grandson Johann Peter Adolf Erman, known as an Egyptologist.", "Q229952": "Brenda Anne Blethyn (n\u00e9e Bottle; 20 February 1946) is an English actress. She is known for her portrayals of working-class women with eccentric qualities. She is the recipient of several accolades, including one Golden Globe, one BAFTA, one Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress and two Academy Award nominations.\nBlethyn pursued an administrative career before enrolling in the Guildford School of Acting in her late 20s. She subsequently joined the Royal National Theatre and gained attention for her performances in Troilus and Cressida (1976), Mysteries (1979), Steaming (1981), and Benefactors (1984), receiving an Olivier nomination for the latter.\nIn 1980, Blethyn made her television debut in Mike Leigh's Grown-Ups. She later won leading roles on the short-run sitcoms Chance in a Million (1984\u201386) and The Labours of Erica (1989\u201390). She made her big-screen debut with a small role in Nicolas Roeg's 1990 film adaptation of Roald Dahl's The Witches. She experienced a major career breakthrough with her leading role in Mike Leigh's 1996 drama Secrets & Lies, for which she received multiple awards, including Best Actress at Cannes, a BAFTA, a Golden Globe, and an Academy Award nomination. She earned her second Academy Award nomination two years later, for her performance in Little Voice (1998).\nBlethyn has since appeared in a range of big-budget and independent features, including Girls' Night, Music from Another Room, Night Train (all 1998), Saving Grace (2000), Lovely and Amazing (2001), Pumpkin, Sonny, Plots with a View (all 2002), Beyond the Sea, A Way of Life (both 2004), Pride & Prejudice (2005), Clubland, and Atonement (both 2007). In addition, she has continued to appear frequently on television, in productions such as Anne Frank: The Whole Story (2001) and War and Peace (2007). Since 2011, she has played the title role of DCI Vera Stanhope in the British crime drama series Vera.", "Q644975": "Zapp (also known as the Zapp Band or Zapp & Roger) is an American funk band that emerged from Dayton, Ohio, in 1977. Particularly influential in the electro subgenre of funk, Zapp were known for their trademark use of the talk-box effect. The original line-up consisted of four Troutman brothers\u2014frontman Roger, Larry, Lester and Terry\u2014and non-Troutman family members Bobby Glover, Gregory Jackson, Sherman Fleetwood, Jerome Derrickson, Eddie Barber and Jannetta Boyce. Zapp also worked closely with George Clinton and Bootsy Collins of Parliament-Funkadelic during its early stages, their support being a factor in the group gaining a record deal with Warner Bros. Records in 1979.\nZapp released its eponymous debut album in 1980, and achieved mainstream recognition from the single \"More Bounce to the Ounce\". The group's follow-up Zapp II was released in 1982, selling well and becoming certified gold. In the 1990s, Zapp would also be an influence on the regional G-funk sound and the broader cultural scene of West Coast hip-hop itself. The band disbanded in 1999 after the deaths of Roger and Larry Troutman in a murder-suicide apparently carried out by Larry. Zapp reformed briefly in 2003 with the remaining brothers of the Troutman family to produce the album Zapp VI: Back By Popular Demand.", "Q95143": "Sir Carol Reed (30 December 1906 \u2013 25 April 1976) was an English film director best known for Odd Man Out (1947), The Fallen Idol (1948), The Third Man (1949), and Oliver! (1968). For Oliver!, he received the Academy Award for Best Director.\nOdd Man Out was the first recipient of the BAFTA Award for Best British Film; filmmaker Roman Polanski has repeatedly cited it as his favourite film. The Fallen Idol won the second BAFTA Award for Best British Film. The British Film Institute voted The Third Man the greatest British film of the 20th century.\n\n", "Q447535": "Louis III (25 September 1403 \u2013 12 November 1434) was titular King of Naples from 1417 to 1426, Count of Provence, Forcalquier, Piedmont, and Maine and Duke of Anjou from 1417 to 1434, and Duke of Calabria from 1426 to 1434.", "Q148383": "Meeting Venus is a 1991 British\u2013American-Japanese film directed by the Hungarian director Istv\u00e1n Szab\u00f3 and starring Glenn Close and Niels Arestrup. The movie was filmed in Budapest, Hungary.\n\n", "Q167360": "The First Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Primeira Rep\u00fablica Portuguesa; officially: Rep\u00fablica Portuguesa, Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May 1926 coup d'\u00e9tat. The latter movement instituted a military dictatorship known as Ditadura Nacional (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist Estado Novo (new state) regime of Ant\u00f3nio de Oliveira Salazar.\nThe sixteen years of the First Republic saw nine presidents and 44 ministries, and have been described as consisting of \"continual anarchy, government corruption, rioting and pillage, assassinations, arbitrary imprisonment and religious persecution\".", "Q300357": "A Chinese Ghost Story II (Chinese: \u5029\u5973\u5e7d\u9b42 II\uff1a\u4eba\u9593\u9053) is a 1990 Hong Kong romantic comedy-horror film directed by Ching Siu-tung and produced by Tsui Hark. It is the sequel to A Chinese Ghost Story and is followed by A Chinese Ghost Story III.", "Q724016": "Masato Nakamura (\u4e2d\u6751 \u6b63\u4eba, Nakamura Masato, born 1 October 1958) is a Japanese musician, bass guitarist, and record producer. He is a member of the J-pop band Dreams Come True, which was formed in 1988 and went on to sell over 50 million CDs. He is best known outside of Japan for composing the video game music soundtracks to Sonic the Hedgehog (1991) and Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (1992).", "Q929665": "Viktor Marinov Paskov (Bulgarian: \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432; 10 September 1949 \u2013 16 April 2009) was a Bulgarian writer, musician, musicologist and screenwriter.", "Q86164": "Maximilian List (9 February 1910 \u2013 c. 1980) was an architect in Berlin who became an SS officer, involved in the operation of a number of Nazi concentration camps.\nSS-Hauptsturmf\u00fchrer (Captain) List moved from the Neuengamme concentration camp to become the commandant of Lager Sylt, a labour camp on Alderney. He commanded SS-Baubrigade I, arriving on the island on 23 February 1943. The camp housed the foreign workers for the Organization Todt which was building fortifications on the island. List had a chalet built in the style of Adolf Hitler\u2019s Berghof outside the camp perimeter, with an underground passage linking it with the camp. This building was later moved to another part of the island. List later took full control of another camp, Lager Norderney.In June 1943, workers were being deported back to Neuengamme, probably to be exterminated, but fled, and a disciplinary enquiry against him took place in September 1943. To avoid a repeat of this, subsequently sick workers on Alderney were killed. List left the island in March 1944, replaced by SS-Obersturmf\u00fchrer Georg Braun.After World War II a court-martial case was prepared against List, citing atrocities on Alderney. However, he did not stand trial, and is believed to have lived near Hamburg until his death around 1980.", "Q286132": "Red Corner is a 1997 American mystery thriller film directed by Jon Avnet, and starring Richard Gere, Bai Ling and Bradley Whitford. Written by Robert King, the film is about an American businessman who ends up wrongfully on trial for murder. His only hope of exoneration and freedom is a female defense lawyer from the country. The film received the 1997 National Board of Review Freedom of Expression Award (Richard Gere, Jon Avnet) and the NBR Award for Breakthrough Female Performance (Bai Ling). Ling also won the San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress. The film was censored in the People's Republic of China due to its unflattering portrayal of China's judicial system.", "Q13369": "Rimini ( RIM-in-ee, Italian: [\u02c8ri\u02d0mini] (listen); Romagnol: R\u00e9min; Latin: Ariminum) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. It sprawls along the Adriatic Sea, on the coast between the rivers Marecchia (the ancient Ariminus) and Ausa (ancient Aprusa). It is one of the most notable seaside resorts in Europe with revenue from both internal and international tourism forming a significant portion of the city's economy. The first bathing establishment opened in 1843. An art city with ancient Roman and Renaissance monuments, Rimini is also the birthplace of the famous film director Federico Fellini.\nThe city was founded by the Romans in 268 BC. Throughout Roman times, Rimini was a key communications link between the north and south of the peninsula. On its soil, Roman emperors erected monuments such as the Arch of Augustus and the Tiberius Bridge to mark the beginning and the end of the Decumanus of Rimini. During the Renaissance, the city benefited from the court of the House of Malatesta, which hosted artists like Leonardo da Vinci and produced works such as the Tempio Malatestiano. The main monuments in Rimini are the Tiberius Bridge and the Arch of Augustus.\nIn the 19th century, Rimini was one of the most active cities on the revolutionary front, hosting many of the movements seeking to achieve Italian unification. In the course of World War II, the city was the scene of numerous clashes and bombings, but also of a fierce partisan resistance that earned it the honour of a gold medal for civic valour. In recent years it has become one of the most important sites for trade fairs and conferences in Italy.\nAs of 31 May 2019, Rimini's urban area was home to 150,951 people, with approximately 325,000 living in the eponymous province, making it the twenty-eighth largest city in Italy.", "Q225855": "Joseph Edgar Foreman (born July 28, 1974), better known by his stage name Afroman, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. He is known for his songs \"Because I Got High\" and \"Crazy Rap\", both of which were released in 2001 and featured on his album The Good Times. Afroman was nominated for a Grammy award in 2002.", "Q359222": "Prusias II Cynegus (Greek: \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f41 \u039a\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2; \"the Hunter\", c. 220 BC \u2013 149 BC, reigned c. 182 BC \u2013 149 BC) was the Greek king of Bithynia. He was the son and successor of Prusias I and Apama III.\n\n", "Q1162009": "The Medieval Academy of America (MAA; spelled Mediaeval until c. 1980) is the largest organization in the United States promoting excellence in the field of medieval studies. It was founded in 1925 and is based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The academy publishes the quarterly journal Speculum, and awards prizes, grants, and fellowships such as the Haskins Medal, which is named for Charles Homer Haskins, one of the Academy's founders and its second president.The Academy supports research, publication and teaching in medieval art, archaeology, history, law, literature, music, philosophy, religion, science, social and economic institutions, and all other aspects of the Middle Ages.The Academy was admitted to of the American Council of Learned Societies in 1927. It has been affiliated with the American Historical Association since 1989.The academy maintains a peer-reviewed online database, the Medieval Digital Resources website (MDR).", "Q12077": "Carlos Frederico Werneck de Lacerda (30 April 1914 \u2013 21 May 1977) was a Brazilian journalist and politician.\nBorn in Rio de Janeiro, Lacerda was the son of a family of politicians from Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro state.\nWhen he was a law student, Lacerda became sympathetic to left-wing ideas, but by the 1940s, he had transformed into a staunch anticommunist and conservative.\nHe started his journalism career at Di\u00e1rio de Not\u00edcias (English: Daily News) in 1929. In 1949 he founded the newspaper Tribuna da Imprensa (English: Press Tribune).\nStarting his political career in 1947, Lacerda was elected to the legislative chamber (city council) of the city of Rio de Janeiro. In 1950, he was elected a National Democratic Union representative for the state of Rio in the Chamber of Deputies. He became well known for his uncompromising opposition of the government of President Get\u00falio Vargas and even demanded the overthrow of Vargas.\nHe survived an assassination attempt in August 1954, which became known as the crime of Rua Tonelero. It is widely believed by historians to have been made by men acting under the orders of Greg\u00f3rio Fortunato, O Anjo Negro (Portuguese for \"The Black Angel\"), a black man, who was the head of Vargas' personal bodyguards. Brazilian Air Force Major Rubens Vaz was killed in the attempt, and Lacerda was slightly injured. That sparked a political crisis that culminated with the suicide of Vargas.\nLacerda was re-elected to the Chamber of Deputies later in 1954, with more votes than any other candidate. He also opposed the government of President Juscelino Kubitschek.\nLacerda was elected governor of Guanabara State, comprising Rio, in 1960. His administration was praised by the US government and the IMF for his efforts to solve some chronic problems of Rio such as water services, public transportation and housing. As part of this drive, Lacerda ordered areas of the city - often areas targeted by developers - to be cleared of the inhabitants. Over this period, up to 140,000 people were evicted, mostly from the three favelas on the Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon, located near the beaches of the city\u2019s south zone.\nAn opinionated and controversial politician, Lacerda was involved in the crisis of the resignation of President J\u00e2nio Quadros in 1961 and conspired against the presidency of Jo\u00e3o Goulart. Hoping to be elected president in the 1965 elections, Lacerda initially supported the military coup d'\u00e9tat of 1964 and was nominated the UDN candidate. Since the military was not willing to give up power, the 1965 elections were cancelled, and Lacerda definitely fell from the military's favor. In 1968, his efforts to restore democracy in Brazil made him ally with his old enemies, Kubitschek and Goulart, and Lacerda was arrested for a brief period and stripped of his right to run for political office for ten years. Then, he retired from politics and resumed his journalism and publishing career. In 1977, he died suddenly in Rio de Janeiro from a heart attack.", "Q107494": "Karl Tanera (9 June 1849 \u2013 4 October 1904) was a German military writer and novelist.", "Q127744": "Berg is a municipality in the district of Starnberg in Bavaria, Germany, on the shore of the Starnberg Lake. It is most famous for the royal Berg Castle.", "Q7549": "Sandy Lerner (born 1955) is an American businesswoman and philanthropist. She co-founded Cisco Systems, and used the money from its sale to pursue interests in animal welfare and women's writing. One of her main projects, Chawton House, is in England, but most of her work remains in the United States.\n\n", "Q117687": "Oren Harris (December 20, 1903 \u2013 February 5, 1997) was a United States Representative from Arkansas and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas and the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas.", "Q301049": "Winter's Bone is a 2010 American mystery drama film directed by Debra Granik. It was adapted by Granik and Anne Rosellini from the 2006 novel of the same name by Daniel Woodrell. The film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenage girl in the rural Ozarks of Missouri who, to protect her family from eviction, must locate her missing father. The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties, the power and speed of gossip, self-sufficiency, and poverty as they are changed by the pervasive underworld of illegal meth labs.\nThe film won several awards, including the Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival. It also received four Oscar nominations: Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actress for Lawrence and Best Supporting Actor for John Hawkes.", "Q211528": "RBD were a Latin pop group from Mexico that gained popularity from Televisa's soap opera Rebelde, and found international success from 2004 until their separation in 2009. RBD sold over 66 million records worldwide, making them the most successful Latin pop group of all time. The band was composed of Alfonso Herrera, Anah\u00ed, Dulce Mar\u00eda, Christian Ch\u00e1vez, Christopher von Uckermann and Maite Perroni.\nIn November 2004, they released their debut studio album titled Rebelde to great success. In September 2005 they released their second album Nuestro Amor, receiving their first nomination in the Latin Grammy Awards. In 2006 RBD released their third album, Celestial. The album's lead single, \"Ser o Parecer\", topped the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart for two consecutive weeks. In the same year they released their first English-language album, Rebels. In 2007 they released Empezar Desde Cero, being nominated again at the Latin Grammy Awards. In 2009, their last album entitled Para Olvidarte De M\u00ed.\nThe band was officially formed on October 30, 2004, and on August 15, 2008, RBD announced through a press release that they would disband in March 10, 2009.", "Q123522": "Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem (born March 4, 1940 in Hannover) is a German legal scholar and a former judge of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.", "Q40057": "Jessica Brooke Capshaw (born August 9, 1976) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Jamie Stringer in The Practice and Arizona Robbins on the ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy. She was introduced in Grey's Anatomy's fifth season as an attending surgeon and the new head of pediatric surgery. Originally contracted to appear in three episodes, Capshaw's contract was extended to the remainder of the fifth season, with her becoming a series regular in the sixth season.", "Q654283": "Def Jam Recordings is an American record label focused predominantly on hip hop, pop, and urban music, owned by Universal Music Group. In the UK, the label takes on the name Def Jam UK and is operated through Virgin EMI Records, while in Japan, it is known as Def Jam Japan, operating through Universal Music Japan. The label distributes releases of various record labels, including Kanye West's GOOD Music, and Listen Up Forever Records, headed by producer, Ronny J. Current artists include Justin Bieber, Logic, Big Sean, Kanye West, Nas, 2 Chainz, Teyana Taylor, YG, Dave East, Jeezy, Jeremih, Valee, Pusha T, Amir Ob\u00e9, Fabolous, Desiigner and Jhen\u00e9 Aiko.", "Q972107": "Nicholas Donabet Kristof (born April 27, 1959) is an American journalist and political commentator. A winner of two Pulitzer Prizes, he is a regular CNN contributor and has written an op-ed column for The New York Times since November 2001. Kristof is a self-described progressive. According to The Washington Post, Kristof \"rewrote opinion journalism\" with his emphasis on human rights abuses and social injustices, such as human trafficking and the Darfur conflict. Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa has described Kristof as an \"honorary African\" for shining a spotlight on neglected conflicts.", "Q7711132": "The first season of That '70s Show, an American television series, began August 23, 1998, and ended on July 26, 1999. It aired on Fox. The region 1 DVD was released on October 26, 2004. The season is set between 1976 and 1977. The first twelve episodes were set in 1976, then the series transitioned to 1977 for the remainder of the season.", "Q258896": "The banjo is a four, five, or six stringed instrument with a thin membrane, stretched over a frame or cavity to form a resonator. The membrane is typically circular, and usually made of plastic, or occasionally animal skin. Early forms of the instrument were fashioned by African Americans in the United States, adapted from African instruments of similar design. The banjo is frequently associated with folk and country music. Banjo can also be used in some rock songs. Many rock bands, such as The Eagles, Led Zeppelin, and The Allman Brothers, have used the five-string banjo in some of their songs. Historically, the banjo occupied a central place in African-American traditional music and the folk culture of rural whites before entering the mainstream via the minstrel shows of the 19th century. Along with the fiddle, the banjo is a mainstay of American old-time music. It is also very frequently used in traditional (\"trad\") jazz.", "Q61099": "Karoline Herfurth (German: [ka\u0281o\u02c8li\u02d0n\u0259 \u02c8h\u025b\u0281f\u028a\u0281t]; born 22 May 1984) is a German actress.", "Q105283": "Marie-Luise Schramm (born May 2, 1984) is a German actress and voice actress from Berlin.\nMarie-Luise Schramm is the only daughter of actor Bernd Schramm, with three older brothers. She planned on becoming an association football player, but knee problems forced her to give this up. To this day, she is an enthusiastic supporter of Hertha BSC Berlin.", "Q82302": "Peter Faber (born 9 October 1943, in Schwarzenbach an der Saale, Germany) is a Dutch stage, television and film actor.", "Q56635": "John Lloyd Stephens (November 28, 1805 \u2013 October 13, 1852) was an American explorer, writer, and diplomat. Stephens was a pivotal figure in the rediscovery of Maya civilization throughout Middle America and in the planning of the Panama railroad.", "Q31876": "Saiful Rijal (also Saiful Rehal, Saiful Rizal) was the seventh Sultan of Brunei. He ruled from 1533, from the abdication of his uncle, until his death in 1581. During his reign, the Castille War broke out in 1578. He was succeeded by his eldest son Shah Berunai. The Sultan was also known as Lixar and Sultan Nula Alan by the Spaniards.", "Q77823": "Helmut Thielicke (4 December 1908 in Wuppertal \u2013 5 March 1986 in Hamburg) was a German Protestant theologian and rector of the University of Hamburg from 1960 to 1978.", "Q236829": "Diana Wynne Jones (16 August 1934 \u2013 26 March 2011) was a British novelist, poet, academic, literary critic, and short story writer. She principally wrote fantasy and speculative fiction novels for children and young adults.\nSome of her better-known works are the Chrestomanci series, the Dalemark series; the three Moving Castle novels and Dark Lord of Derkholm; and The Tough Guide To Fantasyland.\nShe has been cited as an inspiration and muse for several fantasy and science fiction authors: including Philip Pullman, Neil Gaiman, Terry Pratchett, Penelope Lively, Robin McKinley, Megan Whalen Turner, J.K. Rowling and Dina Rabinovitch.\nHer work has been nominated for several awards, among them twice as a finalist for the Hugo Award, fourteen times for the Locus Award, seven times for the Mythopoeic Award (which she would win twice out of those seven nominations), twice for a British Fantasy Award (won in 1999), and twice for a World Fantasy Award, which she would also end up winning in 2007.\nJones' work often explores themes of time travel, parallel and/or multiple universes. Her work is usually described as fantasy, though some also incorporate science fiction themes and elements of realism.", "Q66090": "Josef Ludwig, Graf von Armansperg (Greek: \u039a\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae\u03c6 \u039b\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u0386\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ba; 28 February 1787 \u2013 3 April 1853) served as the Interior and Finance Minister (1826\u20131828) and Foreign and Finance Minister (1828\u20131831) under King Ludwig I of Bavaria in the government of Bavaria. He was a liberal monarchist and an economic conservative who promoted the unification of Germany with his attempts at a tariff union. Later he served as Regent of Greece for the underage Bavarian-born king and as his Prime Minister.", "Q46340": "Jos\u00e9 Miguel Arroyo y Tuason (born June 27, 1945) is a former First Gentleman of the Philippines. A lawyer by profession, he is the husband of Former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, The current House speaker of House of Representatives . This effectively makes him the only male Spouse of a President of the Philippines and Vice President of the Philippines.\n\n", "Q76283": "Bernard von Brentano (15 October 1901, Offenbach am Main \u2013 29 December 1964, Wiesbaden) was a German writer, poet, playwright, storyteller, novelist, essayist and journalist.", "Q547521": "Donna Fargo (born Yvonne Vaughn on November 10, 1945) is an American country singer-songwriter known for a series of Top 10 country hits in the 1970s. These include \"The Happiest Girl in the Whole USA\" and \"Funny Face,\" both which became crossover pop hits. The former in 1972, and the latter in 1973.Fargo has won major awards since her debut in the late 1960s, including one Grammy Award, five awards from the Academy of Country Music and one award from the Country Music Association.", "Q972661": "Albert Giraud (French: [\u0292i\u0281o]; 23 June 1860 \u2013 26 December 1929) was a Belgian poet who wrote in French.", "Q61927": "Hellmuth Walter (26 August 1900 \u2013 16 December 1980) was a German engineer who pioneered research into rocket engines and gas turbines. His most noteworthy contributions were rocket motors for the Messerschmitt Me 163 and Bachem Ba 349 interceptor aircraft, so-called Starthilfe jettisonable rocket propulsion units used for a variety of Luftwaffe aircraft during World War II, and a revolutionary new propulsion system for submarines known as air-independent propulsion (AIP).", "Q240767": "Limp Bizkit is an American rap rock band from Jacksonville, Florida. Their lineup consists of Fred Durst (lead vocals), Sam Rivers (bass, backing vocals), John Otto (drums, percussion), DJ Lethal (turntables), and Wes Borland (guitars, vocals). Their music is marked by Durst's angry vocal delivery and Borland's sonic experimentation. Borland's elaborate visual appearance, which includes face and body paint, masks and uniforms, also plays a large role in the band's live shows. The band has been nominated for three Grammy Awards, have sold 40 million records worldwide and won several other awards.Formed in 1994, Limp Bizkit became popular playing in the Jacksonville underground music scene in the late 1990s, and signed with Flip Records, a subsidiary of Interscope, which released their debut album, Three Dollar Bill, Y'all (1997). The band achieved mainstream success with their second and third studio albums, Significant Other (1999) and Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water (2000), although this success was marred by a series of controversies surrounding their performances at Woodstock '99 and the 2001 Big Day Out festival.\nBorland left the group in 2001, but Durst, Rivers, Otto and Lethal continued to record and tour with guitarist Mike Smith. Following the release of their album, Results May Vary (2003), Borland rejoined the band and recorded The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1) (2005) with Durst, Rivers, Lethal and drummer Sammy Siegler before entering a hiatus. In 2009, the band reunited with Borland playing guitar and began touring, culminating with the recording of the album Gold Cobra (2011), after which they left Interscope and later signed with Cash Money Records, but DJ Lethal quit the band soon after before returning in 2018. The band is currently recording their sixth studio album, Stampede of the Disco Elephants.", "Q185483": "Gennady Vasilyevich Novitsky (Belarusian: \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0437\u044c \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0301\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u041d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0301\u0446\u043a\u0456, tr. Henadz Vasilevich Navitski, [\u029de\u02c8nadz\u02b2 na\u02c8v\u02b2itsci]; Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, tr. Gennadiy Vasilyevich Novitskiy; born January 2, 1949) is a Belarusian politician.\nHe was a Deputy Prime Minister from 1997 to 2001. He has held various positions including the position as the 5th Prime Minister of Republic of Belarus. Novitsky served in his Prime Ministerial office under the Presidency of Alexander Lukashenko. He held this position from October 2001 until Sergey Sidorsky's appointment in July 2004.More recently Navicki has held the post of speaker of Council of the Republic of Belarus.", "Q555125": "Gennady Vladimirovich Gudkov (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0443\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432; b. 15 August 1956 in Kolomna, Moscow Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian politician and businessman. The Moscow Times described him in 2012 as \"one of parliament's most vocal and charismatic critics\" of President Vladimir Putin.", "Q562789": "Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov was a Chief Designer of the Soviet Design Bureau OKB-276 which deals with the development, manufacture and distribution of equipment, especially aircraft engines, turbines and gearboxes.", "Q64687": "Titterten is a municipality in the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q184945": "Hastings Kamuzu Banda (15 February 1898 \u2013 25 November 1997) was the Prime Minister and later President of Malawi from 1964-1994 (for the first year of his rule as it achieved independence in 1964, Malawi was the British protectorate of Nyasaland). In 1966, the country became a republic and he became president.\nAfter receiving much of his education in ethnography, linguistics, history, and medicine overseas, Banda returned to Nyasaland to speak against colonialism and advocate independence from the United Kingdom. He was formally appointed Prime Minister of Nyasaland, and led the country to independence in 1964. Two years later, he proclaimed Malawi a republic with himself as president. He consolidated power and later declared Malawi a one-party state under the Malawi Congress Party (MCP). In 1970, the MCP made him the party's President for Life. In 1971, he became President for Life of Malawi itself.\nA renowned anti-communist figurehead in Africa, he received support from the Western Bloc during the Cold War. He generally supported women's rights, improved the country's infrastructure and maintained a good educational system relative to other African countries. On the debit side, he presided over one of the most repressive regimes in Africa, an era that saw political opponents regularly tortured and murdered. Human rights groups estimate that at least 6,000 people were killed, tortured and jailed without trial. As many as 18,000 people were killed during his rule according to one estimate. He received criticism for maintaining full diplomatic relations with the apartheid government in South Africa.\nBy 1993, amid increasing domestic and international pressure, he agreed to hold a referendum which ended the one-party system. Soon afterwards, a special assembly ended his life-term presidency and stripped him of most of his powers. Banda ran for president in the democratic elections that followed and he was defeated. He died in South Africa on 25 November 1997.", "Q880385": "John Letcher (March 29, 1813 \u2013 January 26, 1884) was an American lawyer, journalist, and politician. He served as a Representative in the United States Congress, was the 34th Governor of Virginia during the American Civil War, and later served in the Virginia General Assembly. He was also active on the Board of Visitors of Virginia Military Institute.", "Q2624743": "Yamataka Eye (\u5c71\u585a\u30a2\u30a4, Yamataka Ai) (born Tetsur\u014d Yamatsuka (\u5c71\u585a\u5fb9\u90ce, Yamatsuka Tetsur\u014d), 13 February 1964) is a Japanese vocalist and visual artist, best known as a member of Boredoms and Naked City. He has changed his stage name three times, from Yamatsuka Eye, to Yamantaka Eye, to Yamataka Eye, and sometimes calls himself eYe or EY\u30e8. He also DJs under the name DJ \u5149\u5149\u5149 or \"DJ pica pica pica\" (\"pica\" means \"bright\" or \"shiny\"), and has used numerous other pseudonyms.", "Q121453": "Martin Aeschlimann (born 1957) is a Swiss physicist and professor in the physics department of the University of Kaiserslautern. Since 2008 he is the spokesman of the State Research Center for Optics and Material Sciences (OPTIMAS).", "Q552892": "Ibr\u0101h\u012bm K\u016bn\u012b (sometimes translated as Ibr\u0101h\u012bm al-K\u014dn\u012b) (Arabic: \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u200e) is a Libyan writer and one of the most prolific Arabic novelists.\n\n", "Q65599": "B\u00fcrglen is a municipality in the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q86602": "Paul Stefan, born Paul Stefan Gr\u00fcnfeld (25 November 1879, Brno - 12 November 1943, New York City) was an Austrian music historian and critic.\nBorn into an assimilated Jewish family, Paul Stefan came to live in Vienna in 1898. He attended courses in law, philosophy and art history at the University of Vienna, before studying music theory with Hermann Graedener and possibly composition under Arnold Schoenberg. From 1922 to 1937 he edited the Austrian music journal Musikbl\u00e4tter des Anbruch (entitled simply Anbruch from 1929).", "Q336197": "The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays. In the same place on the political spectrum as its sister papers The Guardian and The Guardian Weekly, whose parent company Guardian Media Group Limited acquired it in 1993, it takes a social liberal or social democratic line on most issues. First published in 1791, it is the world's oldest Sunday newspaper.", "Q319174": "Across the Pacific is a 1942 American spy film set on the eve of the entry of the United States into World War II. The film was directed first by John Huston, then by Vincent Sherman after Huston joined the United States Army Signal Corps. It stars Humphrey Bogart, Mary Astor, and Sydney Greenstreet. Despite the title, the action of the action never progresses across the Pacific, concluding in Panama. The original script portrayed an attempt to avert a Japanese plan to invade Pearl Harbor. When the real-life attack on Pearl Harbor occurred, production was shut down for three months, resuming on March 2, 1942, with a revised script changing the target to Panama. The screenplay by Richard Macauley was an adaptation of a Saturday Evening Post serial by Robert Carson, \u201cAloha Means Goodbye\u201d, which was published June 28-July 26, 1941.Warner Bros. used the same title for a 1926 silent adventure film starring Monte Blue, who has a small role in this picture. However, the plots of the two films bear no resemblance to each other.", "Q90074": "Max Mell (1882\u20131971) was an Austrian writer. He wrote plays, novels and screenplays. He was born in Maribor, then part of the Austrian Empire but now in Slovenia. In 1914 he won the Bauernfeld Prize, and in 1929 he was awarded the Franz Grillparzer Prize. Culturally conversative, in 1951 he tried to counter what he regarded as Nazi distortions of the epic Nibelungenlied with a more faithful reading of the original text. In 1959 he was given the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art.", "Q1173676": "Sir David Charles Baulcombe (born 1952) is a British plant scientist and geneticist. As of 2017 he is a Royal Society Research Professor and Regius Professor of Botany in the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of Cambridge.", "Q599249": "Bernard Blier (11 January 1916 \u2013 29 March 1989) was a French character actor. \nHe was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, where his father, a researcher at the Pasteur Institute, was posted at the time.", "Q8108": "Georgian (\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d0, romanized: kartuli ena, pronounced [k\u02b0art\u02b0uli \u025bna]) is a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians. It is the official language of Georgia. Georgian is written in its own writing system, the Georgian script. Georgian is the literary language for all regional subgroups of Georgians, including those who speak other Kartvelian languages: Svans, Mingrelians and the Laz.", "Q862314": "William Denison McKinney (September 12, 1931 \u2013 December 1, 2011) was an American character actor. He played the sadistic mountain man in John Boorman's 1972 film Deliverance and performed in seven Clint Eastwood films, most notably as Captain Terrill, commander pursuing the last rebels to \"hold out\" against surrendering to the Union forces in The Outlaw Josey Wales.", "Q439955": "Michael Blieden Wolff (born July 31, 1952) is an American jazz pianist and recording artist. He is known for serving as the bandleader on The Arsenio Hall Show (1989\u201394).Wolff was honored as a Steinway Artist and obtained a Broadcast Music, Inc. award. He provided the score for and co-produced The Tic Code (1998). He also co-starred with his sons, Nat and Alex, in the Nickelodeon musical comedy series The Naked Brothers Band (2007\u201309), earning him a BMI Cable Award for producing and supervising the series' music. Wolff was the leader of the jazz band Impure Thoughts. Reconstructed as Wolff & Clark Expedition, it is a jazz-funk group.", "Q626601": "Choe Nam-seon (April 26, 1890- October 10, 1957) was a prominent modern Korean historian, pioneering poet and publisher, and a leading member of the Korean independence movement. He was born into a jungin (class between aristocrats and commoners) family in Seoul, Korea, under the late Joseon Dynasty, and educated in Seoul. In 1904, he went to study in Japan, and was greatly impressed by the Meiji Restoration reforms. Upon his return to Korea, Choe became active in the Patriotic Enlightenment Movement, which sought to modernize Korea.\nChoe published Korea's first successful modern magazine Sonyeon (Youth), through which he sought to bring modern knowledge about the world to Korea's youth. He coined the term hangul for the Korean alphabet and promoted it as a literary medium through his magazines. The author of the first \u201cnew-style\u201d poem, \u201cHae egeso Sonyeon ege\u201d (The Ocean to the Youth, 1908), he is widely credited with pioneering modern Korean poetry. Choe sought to create a new style of literary Korean that would be more accessible to ordinary people. But at the same time, he was proud of classical Korean literature and he founded the Association of Korea's Glorious Literature in 1910 that sought to encourage ordinary people to read the classics of Korean literature that until then had been mostly read by the elites. Through the work of the Chinese nationalist writer Liang Qichao, Choe learned of the Western theories of Social Darwinism and the idea that history was nothing more than an endless struggle between various people to dominate each other with only the fittest surviving. Choe believed that this competition would only end with Korea ruling the world. In a 1906 essay, he wrote: \"How long will it take us to accomplish the goal of flying our sacred national flag above the world and having people of the five continents kneeling down before it? Exert yourselves, our youth!\". Choe's magazine Sonyeon was intended to popularize Western ideas about science and technology though a more readable Korean that would modernize the Korean nation for Social Darwinist competition for world domination.\nJapan's annexation of Korea in 1910 accelerated the independence movement. Influenced by Social Darwinist theories, Choe urged in numerous articles that the Koreans would have to modernize in order to be strong to survive. In a 1917 article in Hwangs\u01d2ng sinmun (Capital Gazette), Choe wrote: \"The modern age is the age of power in which the powerful survive while the weak perish. This competition continues until death. But why? Because the struggle to be a victor and a survivor never ends. But how? It is a competition of intelligence, physical fitness, material power, economic power, the power of idea and confidence, and of organizational power. Everywhere this competition is underway daily.\" Since Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910, for Choe the best way of preserving Korea was giving the Koreans a glorious history that would ensure that the Koreans are at least had the necessary mentality to survive in a harsh world.In 1919, Choe, together with Choe Rin, organized the March 1st Movement, a non-violent movement to regain Korean sovereignty and independence. For his drafting of the Korean Declaration of Independence, he was arrested by authorities and imprisoned until 1921. In 1928 he joined the Korean History Compilation Committee, which was established by the Governor-General of Korea and commissioned to compile the history of Korea. Here he sought to refute the Japanese imperialist interpretations of ancient Korean history by arguing that ancient Korea was not an impoverished backwater existing in the shadow of Japan, but rather the center of a vibrant civilization. Choe embarked on a re-examination of Korean history. Choe mostly ignored the Samguk Sagi, and instead chose to draw his history from Samguk Yusa, a collection of folktales, stories, and legends, previously disregarded by historians. A major theme of his scholarship was that Korea was always a major center of Asian civilization, instead being in the periphery. Choe claimed in his 1926 book Tan'gunnon (Treatise on Tan'gun) that ancient Korea had outshone both Japan and China. The status of legendary Emperor Tan'gun as one of the central figures of Korean history was largely due to Choe. Choe did not accept the Tan'gun legend as written, but he argued that the Tan'gun story reflected the shamanistic religion of ancient Korea, and that Tan'gun was a legendary figure based on a real shaman-ruler who lived sometime in the very distant past. In addition, Choe claimed that civilizations of ancient India, Greece, the Middle East, Italy, northern Europe and the Mayas all had their origins in the ancient civilization of Korea.In 1937, Choe started to write articles supporting Japan's aggression against China. In 1939 he became a professor at the Manchukuo Jianguo University. In November 1943, Choe attended the Greater East Asia Conference in Tokyo, which was intended by the Japanese government to mobilize support for the war throughout Asia for its Pan-Asian war goals. During the conference, Choe delivered a speech to a group of Korean students studying in Japan calling the \"Anglo-Saxon\" powers Britain and America the most deadly enemies of Asians everywhere, and urged the students to do everything in their power to support the war against the \"Anglo-Saxons\", saying that there was no higher honor for a Korean than to die fighting for Japan's efforts to create the \"Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere\". During his speech, Choe praised Japanese imperialism and stated that the Koreans were fortunate to be colonized by Japan. Choe also claimed that originally Korean culture had been violent and militaristic much like Japanese culture, but then had gone \"soft\" under Chinese influence. Furthermore, Choe suggested that his historical research had established that the Japanese were the descendants of immigrants from Korea, and the samurai being of Korean descent had preserved the true, violent essence of ancient Korean culture. The South Korean historian Kyung Moon Hwang wrote that there is a striking contrast between Choe, the passionate patriot who penned the Declaration of Independence in 1919 vs. Choe, the Chinilpa collaborator of 1943 urging Korean university students to enlist in the Imperial Japanese Army and die for the Emperor of Japan. Kyung suggested that the change in Choe was caused by the fact that Japan had occupied Korea in 1904 during the Russian-Japanese War and by the early 1940s, the \"permanence\" of Japanese rule was assumed by most Koreans as every attempt to win independence had always ended in failure. Given this situation, Koreans like Choe had lost their youthful idealism and abandoned their dreams of freedom, simply hoping to reach an accommodation with the Japanese that might at least preserve some sort of Korean cultural identity.In 1949, Syngman Rhee\u2019s government arrested Choe for collaboration with the Japanese during the colonial period, but he was released when the trial was suspended. During the Korean War, Choe served on the Naval History Committee; after the war, he served on the Seoul City History Committee. He died in October 1957 after struggles with diabetes and hypertension. Choe remains a deeply controversial figure in Korea today, being respected for his historical work and his efforts to create the modern Korean language while being condemned for his wartime statements supporting Japan.", "Q1413407": "Alfred Robert Bader, CBE (April 28, 1924 \u2013 December 23, 2018) was a Canadian chemist, businessman, philanthropist, and collector of fine art. He was considered by the Chemical & Engineering News poll of 1998 to be one of the \"Top 75 Distinguished Contributors to the Chemical Enterprise\" during C&EN's 75-year history.", "Q149937": "Wael Abbas (Egyptian Arabic: \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u200e, IPA: [\u02c8w\u00e6\u02d0\u0294el \u0295\u00e6b\u02c8b\u00e6\u02d0s]) (born 14 November 1974 in Egypt) is an internationally renowned Egyptian journalist, blogger, and human rights activist, who blogs at Misr Digital (Egyptian Awareness). He reported an incident of mob harassment of women, and broadcast several videos of police brutality. His actions led to the conviction of police for torture, but he has been harassed by the Egyptian government, and his accounts with YouTube and Yahoo were closed. YouTube has since restored his account and most of his videos. Facebook had deleted Wael's account but it has since been restored.\n\n", "Q1455452": "Posey Rorer (September 22, 1891 - June 6, 1936) was an American old-time fiddler who was best known for being a member of the American string band Charlie Poole and the North Carolina Ramblers.", "Q2849808": "Angus Barnett (born 1963) is an English actor known for his role of Mullroy in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series and the British ITV series Dead Man Weds (2005). He was born and brought up in Ruddington, Nottinghamshire and attended West Bridgford Comprehensive School. He trained as an actor at Bristol Old Vic Theatre School.", "Q9545711": "Lana Wachowski (born June 21, 1965) and Lilly Wachowski (born December 29, 1967) are American film and television directors, writers and producers. The sisters are both trans women.Collectively known as the Wachowskis (), they have worked as a writing and directing team through most of their professional film careers. They made their directing debut in 1996 with Bound, and achieved fame with their second film The Matrix (1999), a major box office success for which they won the Saturn Award for Best Director. They wrote and directed its two sequels: The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions (both in 2003), and were involved in the writing and production of other works in that franchise.\nFollowing the commercial success of The Matrix series, they wrote and produced the 2005 film V for Vendetta (an adaptation of the graphic novel by Alan Moore & David Lloyd), and in 2008 released the film Speed Racer, a live-action adaptation of the Japanese anime series. Their next film, Cloud Atlas, based on the novel by David Mitchell and co-written and co-directed by Tom Tykwer, was released in 2012. Their film Jupiter Ascending and the Netflix series Sense8, which they co-created with J. Michael Straczynski, both debuted in 2015; the second season of Sense8 ended the series in 2018 and was Lana's first major creative undertaking without Lilly.Since the series finale of Sense8, the Wachowskis have been working separately on different projects: Lilly is writing and executive-producing Showtime's Work in Progress (2019) with creators Abby McEnany and Tim Mason, while Lana is filming a fourth Matrix film planned for 2021, which she wrote with David Mitchell and Aleksander Hemon.\n\n", "Q440528": "Christine Frances Evelyn Brooke-Rose (16 January 1923 \u2013 21 March 2012) was a British writer and literary critic, known principally for her later, experimental novels.", "Q96405": "Christian Ernest, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode, (2 April 1691, Gedern \u2013 25 October 1771, Wernigerode) was a German politician and a member of the House of Stolberg. From 1710 to 1771 he governed County of Wernigerode in the Harz mountains, which in 1714 became a dependency of Brandenburg-Prussia.", "Q101797": "Winona Laura Horowitz (born October 29, 1971), known professionally as Winona Ryder, is an American actress and film producer. She is the recipient of a Golden Globe Award and has been nominated for two Academy Awards, a BAFTA Award, and four Screen Actors Guild Awards.\nAfter Ryder's film debut in Lucas (1986), she gained attention with her performance in Tim Burton's Beetlejuice (1988). She further rose to prominence with major roles in Heathers (1988), Mermaids (1990), Edward Scissorhands (1990) and Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992). She garnered critical acclaim and two consecutive Academy Award nominations for her portrayals of socialite May Welland in Martin Scorsese's The Age of Innocence (1993) and Jo March in the film adaptation of Little Women (1994). Her other films during this period were Reality Bites (1994), How to Make an American Quilt (1995), The Crucible (1996), Celebrity (1999), and Girl, Interrupted (1999), which she also executive produced.\nIn 2002, Ryder appeared in the critically panned box office hit Mr. Deeds, after which her career declined and she took a break from films. In 2009, she returned in the high-profile film Star Trek. In 2010, she was nominated for two Screen Actors Guild Awards: as the lead actress in When Love Is Not Enough: The Lois Wilson Story and as part of the cast of Black Swan. She also reunited with Burton for Frankenweenie (2012). Since 2016, she has starred as a single mother in the Netflix science fiction series Stranger Things, for which she has received Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild nominations, and in 2020, she starred in the HBO drama miniseries The Plot Against America based on the Philip Roth novel. \nRyder's personal life has attracted significant media attention. Her relationship with Johnny Depp in the early 1990s and a 2001 arrest for shoplifting were both subjects of tabloid journalism. She has been open about her personal struggles with anxiety and depression. In 2000, Ryder was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q168721": "Dorothy Faye Dunaway (born January 14, 1941) is an American actress. She is the recipient of such accolades as an Academy Award, three Golden Globes, and a British Academy Film Award. In 2011, the government of France made her an Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters.\nHer career began in the early 1960s on Broadway. She made her screen debut in the 1967 film The Happening, and rose to fame that same year with her portrayal of outlaw Bonnie Parker in Arthur Penn's Bonnie and Clyde, for which she received her first Academy Award nomination. Her most notable films include the crime caper The Thomas Crown Affair (1968), the drama The Arrangement (1969), the revisionist western Little Big Man (1970), an adaptation of the Alexandre Dumas classic The Three Musketeers (1973), the neo-noir mystery Chinatown (1974), for which she earned her second Oscar nomination, the action-drama disaster The Towering Inferno (1974), the political thriller Three Days of the Condor (1975), the satire Network (1976), for which she won an Academy Award for Best Actress, and the thriller Eyes of Laura Mars (1978).\nHer career evolved to more mature and character roles in subsequent years, often in independent films, beginning with her controversial portrayal of Joan Crawford in the 1981 film Mommie Dearest. Other notable films in which she has appeared include Barfly (1987), The Handmaid's Tale (1990), Arizona Dream (1994), The Twilight of the Golds (1997), Gia (1998) and The Rules of Attraction (2002). Dunaway also performed on stage in several plays including A Man for All Seasons (1961\u201363), After the Fall (1964), Hogan's Goat (1965\u201367), A Streetcar Named Desire (1973) and was awarded the Sarah Siddons Award for her portrayal of opera singer Maria Callas in Master Class (1996).\nShe is protective of her private life, rarely gives interviews, and makes very few public appearances. After romantic relationships with Jerry Schatzberg and Marcello Mastroianni, Dunaway married twice, first singer Peter Wolf and then photographer Terry O'Neill, with whom she had a son, Liam.", "Q66084": "Kestenholz is a municipality in the district of G\u00e4u in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q334780": "Moonraker is a 1979 spy film and the eleventh in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and the fourth to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. The third and final film in the series to be directed by Lewis Gilbert, it co-stars Lois Chiles, Michael Lonsdale, Corinne Cl\u00e9ry, and Richard Kiel. Bond investigates the theft of a space shuttle, leading him to Hugo Drax, the owner of the shuttle's manufacturing firm. Along with space scientist Dr. Holly Goodhead, Bond follows the trail from California to Venice, Rio de Janeiro, the Amazon rainforest, and finally into outer space to prevent a plot to wipe out the world population and to recreate humanity with a master race.The story was intended by author Ian Fleming to become a film even before he completed the novel in 1954; he based it on a screenplay manuscript he had devised earlier. The film's producers had originally intended to make For Your Eyes Only, but chose Moonraker owing to the rise of the science fiction genre in the wake of the Star Wars phenomenon. Budgetary issues led to the film being shot primarily in France; other locations included Italy, Brazil, Guatemala and the United States. The soundstages of Pinewood Studios in England, traditionally used for the series, were only used by the special effects team.\nMoonraker was noted for its high production cost of $34 million, more than twice as much as The Spy Who Loved Me (1977), and it received mixed reviews. However, the film's visuals were praised, with Derek Meddings being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, and it eventually became the highest-grossing film of the series at the time with $210,300,000 worldwide, a record that stood until 1995's GoldenEye.", "Q816495": "Ben Folds Five is an American alternative rock trio formed in 1993 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The group's members are Ben Folds (lead vocals, piano, keyboards, melodica, principal songwriting), Robert Sledge (bass guitar, double bass, synthesizer, backing vocals), and Darren Jessee (drums, percussion, backing vocals, songwriter). The group achieved mainstream success in the alternative, indie and pop music scenes. Their single \"Brick\" from the 1997 album Whatever and Ever Amen gained airplay on many mainstream radio stations. During their first seven years together, the band released three proper studio records, one retrospective album of B-sides and outtakes, and eight singles. They also contributed to a number of soundtracks and compilations. Ben Folds Five disbanded in October 2000. They reunited in 2011, and released their fourth album The Sound of the Life of the Mind in 2012.", "Q230294": "Zur H\u00f6lle mit den Paukern is a 1968 West German comedy film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Hans Kraus, Theo Lingen and G\u00fcnther Schramm. It was the first entry into the seven part Die L\u00fcmmel von der ersten Bank series of comedy films.", "Q92663": "Shang-Hua Teng (Chinese: \u6ed5\u5c1a\u534e; pinyin: T\u00e9ng Sh\u00e0nghu\u00e1; born 1964) is a Chinese-American computer scientist. He is the Seeley G. Mudd Professor of Computer Science and Mathematics at the University of Southern California. Previously, he was the chairman of the Computer Science Department at the Viterbi School of Engineering of the University of Southern California. In 2008 he was awarded the G\u00f6del Prize for his joint work on smoothed analysis of algorithms with Daniel Spielman. They went to win the prize again in 2015 for their contribution on \"nearly-linear-time Laplacian solvers\". In 2009, he received the Fulkerson Prize given by the American Mathematical Society and the Mathematical Programming Society.", "Q292635": "Dominique Laffin (June 3, 1952 in Saint-Mand\u00e9, Val-de-Marne, France \u2013 June 12, 1985 in Paris) was a French actress, who has appeared in 19 films between 1975 and 1985.\nDominique Laffin made her major film debut in 1977, gaining critical acclaim for her role in director Jacques Doillon's 1979 film, La Femme qui pleure. For her performance, Laffin was nominated for the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress. That same year, she co-starred with a young Roberto Benigni in the film Chiedo asilo.\nHer career was cut short at the age of 33 by a massive heart attack. Her daughter later said that she had committed suicide. During her short career, Laffin appeared with many of France's rising young stars, including G\u00e9rard Depardieu, Juliette Binoche and Miou-Miou as well as established stars such as Yves Montand.\nDominique Laffin is buried near renowned director Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut in the Cimeti\u00e8re de Montmartre in the Montmartre Quarter of Paris.\nHer daughter, French politician Cl\u00e9mentine Autain was born in 1973.", "Q699597": "Tadeusz Kamil Marcjan \u017bele\u0144ski (better known by his pen name, Tadeusz Boy-\u017bele\u0144ski; 21 December 1874 \u2013 4 July 1941) was a Polish stage writer, poet, critic and, above all, the translator of over 100 French literary classics into Polish. He was a pediatrician and gynecologist by profession.\nA notable personality in the Young Poland movement, Boy was the enfant terrible of the Polish literary scene in the first half of the 20th century. He was murdered in July 1941 by the Germans during the Nazi occupation of Poland, in what became known as the massacre of Lviv professors.", "Q5020915": "The California Republican Party (CAGOP) is the California affiliate of the United States Republican Party. The party is based in Sacramento, and is led by Chairwoman Jessica Patterson.As of 2018, Republicans represent approximately 24% of the state's registered voters, placing the Republicans in third place in California behind the Democratic Party and no party preference voters. The party is a superminority in the California State Legislature, holding only 19 seats out of 80 in the California State Assembly, and 11 seats of 40 in the California State Senate. The California GOP also holds none of the 8 statewide executive branch offices, 6 of the state's seats in the House of Representatives, and neither of California's seats in the United States Senate.", "Q1244704": "Trinity Hall (formally The College or Hall of the Holy Trinity in the University of Cambridge) is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. It is the fifth-oldest college of the university, having been founded in 1350 by William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich.\nHistorically, Trinity Hall was known for teaching law; today, it teaches the sciences, arts, and humanities.\nNotable alumni include theoretical physicists Stephen Hawking and Nobel Prize winner David Thouless, Australian Prime Minister Stanley Bruce, Canadian Governor General David Johnston, philosopher Marshall McLuhan, and Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham.", "Q3460290": "Wilhelm Peter Henning Hansen (27 November 1868 - 4 February 1936) was a Danish businessman and art collector, founder of the Ordrupgaard Art Museum north of Copenhagen. He made a fortune in the insurance industry as founder of the Danish insurance companies Dansk Folkeforsikringsanstalt and Mundus, and as managing director of Hafnia, another Danish insurance company, from 1905 until his death in 1936.", "Q3754833": "Sir Ramon de la Sota y Llano KBE (January 20, 1857, Castro Urdiales - August 17 1936, Getxo) was a Basque lawyer, industrialist and prominent Basque nationalist activist. He was also the father of both Ramon de la Sota Aburto, as well as Manuel de la Sota \"Txanka\". King George V bestowed on him a knighthood of the Order of the British Empire, which entitled him and liked to be addressed as Sir.\nAt the turn of the 20th century, he became a major sponsor of the Basque Nationalist Party.", "Q76297": "For the Malaysian tennis player, see Adam Malik (tennis).Adam Malik Batubara (22 July 1917 \u2013 5 September 1984) was an Indonesian politician and former journalist who served as its third vice president. Previously he served as the parliament speaker, foreign minister, president of the United Nations General Assembly, and a journalist.", "Q77189": "Lothair III, sometimes numbered Lothair II and also known as Lothair of Supplinburg (before 9 June 1075 \u2013 4 December 1137), was Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 until his death. He was appointed Duke of Saxony in 1106 and elected King of Germany in 1125 before being crowned emperor in Rome. The son of the Saxon count Gebhard of Supplinburg, his reign was troubled by the constant intriguing of the Hohenstaufens, Duke Frederick II of Swabia and Duke Conrad of Franconia. He died while returning from a successful campaign against the Norman Kingdom of Sicily.\n\n", "Q113393": "Franz Josef Popp (14 January 1886 in Vienna \u2013 29 July 1954 in Stuttgart) was one of three men responsible for the founding of BMW AG and the First General Director of BMW AG from 1922 to 1942.\nA number of different candidates have been put forward as the \u201cfounders\u201d of BMW AG. In the absence of Karl Rapp, Gustav Otto, Max Friz or Camillo Castiglioni the company would probably never have been born. However, Franz Josef Popp can lay claim to being the prime force in the development of the mobility company we know today. He was \u201cGeneral Director\u201d of the company from its foundation until he was forced to relinquish his position in 1942.\n\n", "Q444996": "Kinga Anna Preis (born 31 August 1971, in Wroc\u0142aw) is a Polish film and theatre actress.", "Q2983873": "The National Military College (Spanish: Colegio Militar de la Naci\u00f3n) is the institution in charge of the undergraduate education of officers of the Argentine Army. It is located at El Palomar, Buenos Aires.\nEstablished on October 11, 1869, by President Domingo Sarmiento at the height of the Paraguayan War, its original quarters were opened in where the Parque Tres de Febrero stands today, with Col. Juan F. Czetz as the first superintendent. It was transferred to San Mart\u00edn in 1892, and to its present location, the site of the 1852 Battle of Caseros that deposed mid-19th century strongman Juan Manuel de Rosas, in 1938.\nIts present facilities were inaugurated in 1937. El Palomar and La Casa de Caseros, installations involved in the Battle of Caseros, were declared a National Historic Monument.\nTraditionally, most cadets belonged to high- or middle-class families, with many of them having a long military tradition. This has changed in recent years, the Corps of Cadetes becoming more representative of lower-class families.\nWomen were first admitted in the College in 1999, and allowed into Infantry and Cavalry arms in 2013.", "Q16563": "Memphis is a city located along the Mississippi River in southwestern Shelby County, Tennessee, United States. The 2018 city population was 650,618, making Memphis the largest city on the Mississippi River, the second most populous city in Tennessee, as well as the 26th largest city in the United States. Greater Memphis is the 42nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with a population of 1,348,260 in 2017. The city is the anchor of West Tennessee and the greater Mid-South region, which includes portions of neighboring Arkansas, Mississippi, and the Missouri Bootheel. Memphis is the seat of Shelby County, the most populous county in Tennessee. As one of the more historic and culturally significant cities of the southern United States, the city features a wide variety of landscapes and distinct neighborhoods.\nThe first European explorer to visit the area of present-day Memphis was Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto in 1541 with his expedition into the New World. The high Chickasaw Bluffs protecting the location from the waters of the Mississippi would then be contested between the Spanish, French, and the English as Memphis took shape. Modern Memphis was founded in 1819 by three prominent Americans: John Overton, James Winchester, and future president Andrew Jackson.Memphis grew into one of the largest cities of the Antebellum South as a market for agricultural goods, natural resources like lumber, and the American slave trade. After the American Civil War and the end of slavery, the city experienced even faster growth into the 20th century as it became among the largest world markets for cotton and lumber.\nHome to Tennessee's largest African-American population, Memphis played a prominent role in the American civil rights movement and was the site of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s 1968 assassination. The city now hosts the National Civil Rights Museum\u2014a Smithsonian affiliate institution. Since the civil rights era, Memphis has grown to become one of the nation's leading commercial centers in transportation and logistics. The city's largest employer is the multinational courier corporation FedEx, which maintains its global air hub at Memphis International Airport, making it the second-busiest cargo airport in the world. In addition to being a global air cargo leader, the International Port of Memphis also hosts the 5th busiest inland water port in America with access to the Mississippi River, allowing shipments to arrive by ship from around the world for conversion to train and trucking transport throughout the United States, making Memphis a multi-modal hub for trading goods for imports and exports in the United States despite its inland location.\nToday, Memphis is a regional center for commerce, education, media, art, and entertainment. The city has long had a prominent music scene, with historic blues clubs on Beale Street originating the unique Memphis blues sound during early 20th century. The city's music has continued to be shaped by a multi-cultural mix of influences across the blues, country, rock n' roll, soul, and hip-hop genres. Memphis barbecue has achieved international prominence, and the city hosts the World Championship Barbecue Cooking Contest, which attracts over 100,000 visitors to the city annually.", "Q4201486": "The Institute of State and Law (ISL) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) (Russian: \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a (\u0418\u0413\u041f \u0420\u0410\u041d)) is the largest scientific legal center in the Russian Federation. The ISL is part of the Philosophical, Sociological, Psychological, and Law Department of RAS. The ISL has 350 employees, including three Academicians, three Corresponding Members of RAS, nearly one hundred Doctors and more than one hundred Candidates of Legal Science. Academician B. N. Topornin is the Academician-Secretary of the Department and the Director of ISL.", "Q257569": "Clivio Piccione (born February 24, 1984 in Monte Carlo, Monaco) is a Monegasque race car driver. He raced in the 2005 GP2 Series season for the Durango team and David Price Racing for 2006.", "Q191384": "The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial institution, established in 1944 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, that is the lending arm of World Bank Group. The IBRD offers loans to middle-income developing countries. The IBRD is the first of five member institutions that compose the World Bank Group. The initial mission of the IBRD in 1944, was to finance the reconstruction of European nations devastated by World War II. The IBRD and its concessional lending arm, the International Development Association (IDA), are collectively known as the World Bank as they share the same leadership and staff.Following the reconstruction of Europe, the Bank's mandate expanded to advancing worldwide economic development and eradicating poverty. The IBRD provides commercial-grade or concessional financing to sovereign states to fund projects that seek to improve transportation and infrastructure, education, domestic policy, environmental consciousness, energy investments, healthcare, access to food and potable water, and access to improved sanitation.\nThe IBRD is owned and governed by its 189 member states, with each country represented on the Board of Governors. The IBRD has its own executive leadership and staff which conduct its normal business operations. The Bank's member governments are shareholders which contribute and have the right to vote on its matters. In addition to contributions from its member nations, the IBRD acquires most of its capital by borrowing on international capital markets through bond issues at a preferred rate because of its AAA credit rating.\nIn 2011, it raised US$29 billion in capital from bond issues made in 26 different currencies. The Bank offers a number of financial services and products, including flexible loans, grants, risk guarantees, financial derivatives, and catastrophic risk financing. It reported lending commitments of $26.7 billion made to 132 projects in 2011.", "Q388679": "Kim van Kooten (born 26 January 1974 in Purmerend, North Holland) is a Dutch actress and screenwriter. In international cinema, she is best known for the 2003 Dutch/US co-production Phileine Says Sorry, filmed partly in New York City, in which she plays the lead. She is the author of the script of the very successful Dutch movie Alles is Liefde (Everything is Love), and won a Golden Calf for Best Actress in Phileine Says Sorry (2003), and for Best Scenario with Met grote blijdschap (2001) .", "Q332497": "Absolute Power is a 1997 American political thriller film produced by, directed by, and starring Clint Eastwood as a master jewel thief who witnesses the killing of a woman by Secret Service agents. The screenplay by William Goldman is based on the 1996 novel Absolute Power by David Baldacci. Screened at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival, the film also stars Gene Hackman, Ed Harris, Laura Linney, Judy Davis, Scott Glenn and Dennis Haysbert. It was also the last screen appearance of E. G. Marshall.", "Q517464": "Nick Kent (born 24 December 1951) is a British rock critic and musician.", "Q312747": "Leopoldo Garc\u00eda-Alas y Ure\u00f1a (25 April 1852 \u2013 13 June 1901), also known as Clar\u00edn, was a Spanish realist novelist born in Zamora. His inflammatory articles, known as paliques (\u201cchitchat\u201d), as well as his advocacy of liberalism and anti-clericalism, made him a formidable and controversial critical voice. He died in Oviedo.", "Q163112": "Primal Fear is a German power metal band formed in 1997 by Ralf Scheepers (vocals, ex-Gamma Ray) and Mat Sinner (bass and vocals, Sinner). Sinner and Scheepers formed the band after Scheepers was not hired as Rob Halford's replacement in Judas Priest.", "Q4665485": "Abdul Khalid bin Ibrahim (born 14 December 1946) is a Malaysian politician who served as the 14th Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of the state of Selangor from 2008 to 2014. He was elected to the Selangor State Assembly and the Parliament of Malaysia in 2008 and 2013 as a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), but became an independent in August 2014, coinciding with his resignation as Menteri Besar. He was sacked from the party for his refusal to vacate his Selangor Menteri Besar post.", "Q443747": "Julia Migenes (born March 13, 1949) is an American soprano working primarily in musical theatre repertoire. She was born on the Lower East Side of New York to a family of Greek and Irish-Puerto Rican descent. She is sometimes credited as Julia Migenes-Johnson. She attended The High School of Music & Art in New York City.Julia Migenes played Tevye's second daughter, Hodel, in the original Broadway production of the long-running musical Fiddler on the Roof. She played Ciboletta in the 1973 film Eine Nacht in Venedig (re-released 2008). She also starred in the 1984 film of Carmen.", "Q935258": "Georgy Mikhailovich Beriev (Beriashvili) (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 Georgij Michajlovi\u010d Beriev; Georgian: \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 Giorgi Mikheilis Dze Beriashvili; February 13, 1903 \u2013 July 12, 1979), was a Soviet Georgian major general, founder and chief designer of the Beriev Design Bureau in Taganrog, which concentrated on amphibious aircraft.", "Q463497": "Miguel Jos\u00e9 Ferrer (February 7, 1955 \u2013 January 19, 2017) was a Puerto Rican American actor and voice actor. His breakthrough role was in the 1987 film RoboCop. Other film roles include Quigley in Blank Check (1994), Harbinger in Hot Shots! Part Deux (1993), Shan Yu in Mulan (1998), Eduardo Ruiz in Traffic (2000) and Vice President Rodriguez in Iron Man 3 (2013).\nFerrer's notable television roles include FBI Agent Albert Rosenfield on Twin Peaks (1990\u20131991, 2017), Dr. Garret Macy on Crossing Jordan (2001\u20132007), Tarakudo on Jackie Chan Adventures (2000\u20132005) and NCIS Assistant Director Owen Granger on NCIS: Los Angeles (2012\u20132017).", "Q85479": "Raoul Auernheimer (April 15, 1876 in Vienna \u2013 January 6, 1948, in Oakland, California) was an Austrian jurist and writer.", "Q115084": "Hella Ranner (born 10 March 1951 in Graz, Austria) was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 to 2011, representing the Austrian People's Party and the European People's Party group.\n\n", "Q167374": "Lakeview Terrace is a 2008 American crime thriller film directed by Neil LaBute, written by David Loughery and Howard Korder, co-produced by James Lassiter and Will Smith, and starring Samuel L. Jackson, Patrick Wilson and Kerry Washington. Jackson plays a racist LAPD police officer who terrorizes his new next-door neighbors because they are an interracially married couple. The title is a reference to the ethnically-mixed middle class Los Angeles neighborhood of Lake View Terrace. The film was released on 19 September 2008, received mixed reviews and grossed $44 million.", "Q52447": "Robert Fitzgerald Diggs (born July 5, 1969), better known by his stage name RZA ( RIZ-\u0259), is an American rapper, record producer, musician, actor, and director. He is the de facto leader of the Wu-Tang Clan. He has produced almost all of Wu-Tang Clan's albums, as well as many Wu-Tang solo and affiliate projects. He is a cousin of two other original Wu-Tang Clan members: GZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard. He has also released solo albums under the alter-ego Bobby Digital, along with executive producing credits for side projects. After forming the Wu-Tang Clan, RZA was a founding member of the horrorcore group Gravediggaz, where he went by the name The RZArector.\nRZA has been heavily involved in filmmaking since the late 1990s. He has scored a number of films, most notably Kill Bill: Volume 1 (2003) and Kill Bill: Volume 2 (2004). He has written and directed in film and television, starting with his directorial debut, The Man with the Iron Fists, in 2012. He has also acted in numerous films and TV series, including the films American Gangster and Brick Mansions, and the TV series Gang Related and Californication.\nHe is especially known for his music production, with a style that includes the use of soul samples and sparse beats that has proved highly influential. The magazine The Source placed him on its list of the 20 greatest producers in the magazine's twenty-year history. Vibe listed him among the top 8 greatest hip-hop producers of all time, and NME placed him on their list of the 50 Greatest Producers Ever.", "Q86170": "Ernst Klee (15 March 1942, Frankfurt am Main \u2013 18 May 2013, Frankfurt am Main) was a German journalist and author. As a writer on Germany's history, he was best known for his exposure and documentation of the medical crimes of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich, much of which was concerned with the Action T4 or involuntary euthanasia program. He is the author of The Good Old Days': The Holocaust Through the Eyes of the Perpetrators and Bystanders first published in the English translation in 1991.", "Q320093": "Thomas Roy Skerritt (born August 25, 1933) is an American actor who has appeared in more than forty films and more than two hundred television episodes since 1962. He is known for his film roles in M*A*S*H, Alien, The Dead Zone, Top Gun, A River Runs Through It, Up in Smoke, and the television series Picket Fences. Skerritt has earned several nominations and awards, including a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 1993 for Picket Fences.", "Q99050": "Thaddeus \"Thaddi\" Herrmann (born 1972) is a German electronic musician, label owner as well as music and technology journalist.", "Q515273": "Katatonia are a Swedish metal band formed in Stockholm in 1991 by Jonas Renkse and Anders Nystr\u00f6m. The band started as a studio-only project for the duo, as an outlet for the band's love of death metal. Increasing popularity lead them to add more band members for live performances, though outside of the band's founders, the lineup was constantly changing, revolving door of musicians throughout the 1990s, notably including Mikael \u00c5kerfeldt of the band Opeth for a period. After two death/doom albums, Dance of December Souls (1993) and Brave Murder Day (1996), problems with Renkse's vocal cords coupled with new musical influences lead the band away from the screamed vocals of death metal to a more traditional, melodic form of heavy metal music. The band released two more albums, Discouraged Ones (1998) and Tonight's Decision (1999), before settling into a stable quintet lineup for all of 2000's. The band released four more albums with said lineup - Last Fair Deal Gone Down (2001), Viva Emptiness (2003), The Great Cold Distance (2006), and Night Is the New Day (2009), with the band slowly moving away from their metal sound while adding more progressive rock sounds to their work over time. While lineup changes started up again into the 2010s, Renkse and Nystr\u00f6m persisted, and the band continued on to release their ninth and tenth studio albums, Dead End Kings (2012) and The Fall of Hearts (2016). After touring in support of the album through 2017, the band entered a hiatus at the beginning of 2018. The band returned from their hiatus in February 2019, with their eleventh studio album, City Burials, scheduled to be released in 2020.", "Q9570": "Amitabh Bachchan (pronounced [\u0259m\u026a\u02c8ta\u02d0b\u02b1 \u02c8b\u0259t\u0283\u02d0\u0259n]; born Inquilaab Srivastava; 11 October 1942) is an Indian film actor, film producer, television host, occasional playback singer and former politician. He first gained popularity in the early 1970s for films such as Zanjeer, Deewaar and Sholay, and was dubbed India's \"angry young man\" for his on-screen roles in Bollywood. Referred to as the Shahenshah of Bollywood, Sadi ka Mahanayak (Hindi for, \"Greatest actor of the century\"), Star of the Millennium, or Big B, he has since appeared in over 200 Indian films in a career spanning more than five decades. Bachchan is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential actors in the history of Indian cinema as well as world cinema. So total was his dominance on the Indian movie scene in the 1970s and 1980s that the French director Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut called him a \"one-man industry\". Beyond the Indian subcontinent, he also has a large overseas following in markets including Africa (especially South Africa and Mauritius), the Middle East (especially Egypt), the United Kingdom, Russia, the Caribbean (especially Guyana, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago), Oceania (especially Fiji, Australia, and New Zealand) and parts of the United States.Bachchan has won numerous accolades in his career, including four National Film Awards as Best Actor, Dadasaheb Phalke Award as lifetime achievement award and many awards at international film festivals and award ceremonies. He has won fifteen Filmfare Awards and is the most nominated performer in any major acting category at Filmfare, with 41 nominations overall. In addition to acting, Bachchan has worked as a playback singer, film producer and television presenter. He has hosted several seasons of the game show Kaun Banega Crorepati, India's version of the game show franchise, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. He also entered politics for a time in the 1980s.\nThe Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri in 1984, the Padma Bhushan in 2001 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2015 for his contributions to the arts. The Government of France honoured him with its highest civilian honour, Knight of the Legion of Honour, in 2007 for his exceptional career in the world of cinema and beyond. Bachchan also made an appearance in a Hollywood film, Baz Luhrmann's The Great Gatsby (2013), in which he played a non-Indian Jewish character, Meyer Wolfsheim.\n\n", "Q310150": "Stewart Granger (born James Lablache Stewart; 6 May 1913 \u2013 16 August 1993) was an English film actor, mainly associated with heroic and romantic leading roles. He was a popular leading man from the 1940s to the early 1960s, rising to fame through his appearances in the Gainsborough melodramas.\n\n", "Q685800": "Walter Buser (14 April 1926 \u2013 17 August 2019) was a Swiss politician from the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SDP).\n\n", "Q290744": "Jeff \"Swampy\" Marsh (born December 9, 1960) is an American animator, writer, director, producer, and voice actor associated with several animated television series, most notably as an executive producer and the voice of Major Monogram for Disney's animated series Phineas and Ferb and Milo Murphy's Law, both of which he co-created with Dan Povenmire. Marsh was born in Santa Monica, California, where he grew up with a heavily blended family dynamic. Marsh has been and continues to be a driving force behind several animation projects, working for over six seasons on the animated television series The Simpsons. Marsh continued to work on other animated television series, including King of the Hill and Rocko's Modern Life, before moving to England in 1996.\nWhile in England, Marsh worked on several animated programs, including Postman Pat and Bounty Hamster, and worked for BKN New Media Ltd. to produce several feature films. After six years living in England, Marsh was asked by his longtime partner Dan Povenmire to help produce Phineas and Ferb in 2007, a concept the two had while working together on Rocko's Modern Life. Marsh accepted and moved back to the United States; the series has since garnered Marsh two Emmy Awards nominations for songwriting. According to an original pitch extra of Phineas and Ferb, he prefers having \"Swampy\" in his name, because it made his name 15 letters long and longer than most other people's names. As of 2015, he and Povenmire are currently producing a new series for Disney XD titled Milo Murphy's Law, which premiered on October 3, 2016. Marsh has also developed an animated TV series for Amazon Prime based on the Pete the Cat children's book series, with the first season premiering in September 2018. He is currently working on Phineas and Ferb the Movie: Candace Against the Universe, which will be released on Disney+ in 2020.", "Q272919": "Kari Wahlgren (born July 13, 1977) is an American voice actress who has provided English-language voices for over a hundred animations, anime and video games. She got her start in anime voice-overs as Haruko Haruhara in FLCL, and would later land major roles in a number of shows and films: Robin Sena in Witch Hunter Robin, Lavie Head in Last Exile, Fuu in Samurai Champloo, Scarlett in Steamboy, Pacifica Casull in the Scrapped Princess, Saya Otonashi in Blood+, Kagami Hiiragi in Lucky Star, Saber in Fate/zero, Fate/stay night: Unlimited Blade Works and Fate/stay night: Heaven's Feel, and Celty Sturluson in the Durarara!! series.\nIn American animation, she has provided voices for a number of series including Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!, Fish Hooks, Phineas and Ferb, Ben 10, Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness, Winx Club, Kaijudo: Rise of the Duel Masters, Rick and Morty, Bunnicula, The Fairly OddParents, Bunsen Is a Beast, and Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz. In video games, she voiced lead characters Ashe in Final Fantasy XII and Shelke in Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII.", "Q930320": "Harvey Spencer Lewis F.R.C., S:::I:::I:::, 33\u00b0 66\u00b0 95\u00b0, PhD (November 25, 1883 \u2013 August 2, 1939), a noted Rosicrucian author, occultist, and mystic, was the founder in the USA and the first Imperator of the Ancient and Mystical Order Rosae Crucis (AMORC), from 1915 until 1939.", "Q373385": "Adri\u00e1n Alfonso Lamo Atwood (February 20, 1981 \u2013 March 14, 2018) was an American threat analyst and hacker. Lamo first gained media attention for breaking into several high-profile computer networks, including those of The New York Times, Yahoo!, and Microsoft, culminating in his 2003 arrest.Lamo was best known for reporting U.S. soldier Chelsea Manning to Army criminal investigators in 2010 for leaking hundreds of thousands of sensitive U.S. government documents to WikiLeaks. Lamo died on March 14, 2018 at the age of 37.\n\n", "Q414": "Argentina (Spanish: [a\u027exen\u02c8tina]), officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica Argentina), is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi), Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the fourth largest in the Americas, the second largest in South America after Brazil, and the largest Spanish-speaking nation. The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular provincia) and one autonomous city (ciudad aut\u00f3noma), Buenos Aires, which is the federal capital of the nation (Spanish: Capital Federal) as decided by Congress. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas), and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.\nThe earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period. The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century. Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the R\u00edo de la Plata, a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The declaration and fight for independence (1810\u20131818) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861, culminating in the country's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with several waves of European immigration, mainly Italians and Spaniards, radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook; 62.5% of the population has full or partial Italian ancestry, and the Argentine culture has significant connections to the Italian culture. The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh wealthiest nation in the world by the early 20th century.Following the Great Depression in the 1930s, Argentina descended into political instability and economic decline that pushed it back into underdevelopment, though it remained among the fifteen richest countries for several decades. Following the death of President Juan Per\u00f3n in 1974, his widow, Isabel Mart\u00ednez de Per\u00f3n, ascended to the presidency. She was overthrown in 1976 by a U.S.-backed coup which installed a right-wing military dictatorship. The military government persecuted and murdered numerous political critics, activists, and leftists in the Dirty War, a period of state terrorism that lasted until the election of Ra\u00fal Alfons\u00edn as President in 1983. Several of the junta's leaders were later convicted of their crimes and sentenced to imprisonment.\nArgentina is a prominent regional power in the Southern Cone and Latin America, and retains its historic status as a middle power in international affairs. Argentina has the second largest economy in South America, the third-largest in Latin America, and membership in the G-15 and G-20 major economies. It is also a founding member of the United Nations, World Bank, World Trade Organization, Mercosur, Union of South American Nations, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the Organization of Ibero-American States. Despite its history of economic instability, it ranks second highest in the Human Development Index in Latin America.", "Q211514": "Frederik Willem van Eeden (3 April 1860, Haarlem \u2013 16 June 1932, Bussum) was a late 19th-century and early 20th-century Dutch writer and psychiatrist. He was a leading member of the Tachtigers and the Significs Group, and had top billing among the editors of De Nieuwe Gids (The New Guide) during its celebrated first few years of publication, starting in 1885.", "Q387562": "China Moon is a 1994 American thriller film directed by John Bailey and starring Ed Harris, Madeleine Stowe and Benicio del Toro. It was written by Roy Carlson. It was filmed in 1991 but \"shelved\" for three years before its release.", "Q57517": "Jorge Carlos de Almeida Fonseca OICVV (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0292\u0254\u027e\u0292\u0268 \u02c8ka\u027elu\u0292 d\u0268 al\u02c8mejd\u0250 f\u00f5\u02c8sek\u0250]; born 20 October 1950) is a Cape Verdean politician, lawyer and university professor who has been President of Cape Verde since 2011. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1991 to 1993. Supported by the Movement for Democracy (MpD), he won the 2011 presidential election in a second round of voting. Presidential elections were held in Cape Verde on 2 October 2016, where he was re-elected with 74.08% of the vote.", "Q1064336": "Charles Faroux (29 December 1872 \u2013 9 February 1957) was a French motorsport official, race director of the 24 Hours of Le Mans from 1923 to 1956, and three-time world champion at French carom billiards.\n\n", "Q3967638": "St Martin's Church in Bladon near Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, is the Church of England parish church of Bladon-with-Woodstock. It is also the mother church of St Mary Magdalene at Woodstock, which was originally a chapel of ease. It is best known for the graves of the Spencer-Churchill family, including Sir Winston Churchill, in its churchyard.", "Q550707": "Edward Vernon Rickenbacker (October 8, 1890 \u2013 July 23, 1973) was an American fighter ace in World War I and Medal of Honor recipient. With 26 aerial victories, he was America's most successful fighter ace in the war. He was also considered to have received the most awards for valor by an American during the war. He was also a race car driver and automotive designer, a government consultant in military matters and a pioneer in air transportation, particularly as the long-time head of Eastern Air Lines.", "Q691685": "Kirkcaldy ( (listen); Scottish Gaelic: Cair Chaladain) is a town and former royal burgh in Fife, on the east coast of Scotland. It is about 11.6 miles (19 km) north of Edinburgh and 27.6 miles (44 km) south-southwest of Dundee. The town had a recorded population of 49,460 in 2011, making it Fife's second-largest settlement and the 12th most populous settlement in Scotland.\nKirkcaldy has long been nicknamed the Lang Toun (listen ; Scots for \"long town\") in reference to the early town's 0.9-mile (1.4 km) main street, as indicated on maps from the 16th and 17th centuries. The street would finally reach a length of nearly 4 miles (6.4 km), connecting the burgh to the neighbouring settlements of Linktown, Pathhead, Sinclairtown and Gallatown, which became part of the town in 1876. The formerly separate burgh of Dysart was also later absorbed into Kirkcaldy in 1930 under an act of Parliament.\nThe area around Kirkcaldy has been inhabited since the Bronze Age. The first document to refer to the town is from 1075, when Malcolm III granted the settlement to the church of Dunfermline. David I later gave the burgh to Dunfermline Abbey, which had succeeded the church: a status which was officially recognised by Robert I in 1327. The town only gained its independence from Abbey rule when it was created a royal burgh by Charles I in 1644.\nFrom the early 16th century, the establishment of a harbour at the East Burn confirmed the town's early role as an important trading port. The town also began to develop around the salt, coal mining and nail making industries.The production of linen which followed in 1672 was later instrumental in the introduction of floorcloth in 1847 by linen manufacturer, Michael Nairn. In 1877 this in turn contributed to linoleum, which became the town's most successful industry: Kirkcaldy was a world producer until well into the mid-1960s. The town expanded considerably in the 1950s and 1960s, though the decline of the linoleum industry and other manufacturing restricted its growth thereafter.\nToday, the town is a major service centre for the central Fife area. Public facilities include a main leisure centre, theatre, museum and art gallery, three public parks and an ice rink. Kirkcaldy is also known as the birthplace of social philosopher and economist Adam Smith who wrote his magnum opus The Wealth of Nations in the town. In the early 21st century, employment is dominated by the service sector: the biggest employer in the town is PayWizard, formerly known as MGT plc (call centre). Other main employers include NHS Fife, Forbo (vinyl floor coverings), Fife College, Whitworths (flour millers) and Smith Anderson (paper making).", "Q119696": "Albert Probst (December 29, 1931 \u2013 March 24, 2015) was a German politician for the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. From 1982 to 1991 he was parliamentary Secretary of State at the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology.", "Q447509": "Hal Willner (April 6, 1956 \u2013 April 7, 2020) was an American music producer working in recording, films, TV and live events. He was best known for assembling tribute albums and events featuring a wide variety of artists and musical styles (jazz, classical, rock, Tin Pan Alley). He died during the 2019\u201320 coronavirus pandemic due to complications brought on by COVID-19.", "Q371592": "Devil and the Deep is a 1932 American pre-Code drama film directed by Marion Gering, based on Maurice Larrouy's novel (Sirenes et Tritons), and starring Tallulah Bankhead, Gary Cooper, Charles Laughton and Cary Grant. It follows a naval commander who has alienated his wife due to his insane jealousy over every man she speaks to. After his obsessive behavior drives her to the arms of a handsome lieutenant, tragic drama ensues.", "Q160433": "Gilbert B\u00e9caud (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292il.b\u025b\u02d0\u0281 be.ko], 24 October 1927 \u2013 18 December 2001) was a French singer, composer, pianist and actor, known as \"Monsieur 100,000 Volts\" for his energetic performances. His best-known hits are \"Nathalie\" and \"Et maintenant\", a 1961 release that became an English language hit as \"What Now My Love\". He remained a popular artist for nearly fifty years, identifiable in his dark blue suits, with a white shirt and \"lucky tie\"; blue with white polka dots. When asked to explain his gift he said, \"A flower doesn't understand botany.\" His favourite venue was the Paris Olympia under the management of Bruno Coquatrix. He debuted there in 1954 and headlined in 1955, attracting 6,000 on his first night, three times the capacity. On 13 November 1997, B\u00e9caud was present for the re-opening of the venue after its reconstruction.", "Q440266": "Dominic Anthony \"Tony\" Antonelli (born August 23, 1967) is a retired NASA astronaut. Antonelli was born in Detroit, Michigan, but was raised in both Indiana and North Carolina. He is married and has two children.", "Q55300": "The Soviet Occupation Zone (German: Sowjetische Besatzungszone (SBZ) or Ostzone; Russian: \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043a\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, Sovetskaya okkupatsionnaya zona Germanii, \"Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany\") was the area of Germany occupied by the Soviet Union at the end of World War II in 1945. On 7 October 1949 the German Democratic Republic (GDR), commonly referred to in English as East Germany, was established in the Soviet Occupation Zone.\n\nThe SBZ was one of the four Allied occupation zones of Germany created at the end of World War II. According to the Potsdam Agreement, the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (German initials: SMAD) was assigned responsibility for the eastern portion of Germany. By the time forces of the United States and Britain began to meet Soviet forces, forming a Line of contact, significant areas of what would become the Soviet zone of Germany were outside Soviet control. After several months of occupation these gains by the British and Americans were ceded to the Soviets, by July 1945, according to the previously agreed upon occupation zone boundaries.\nThe SMAD allowed four political parties to develop, though they were all required to work together under an alliance known as the \"Democratic Bloc\" (later the National Front). In April 1946, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) were forcibly merged to form the Socialist Unity Party which later became the governing party of the GDR.\nThe SMAD set up ten \"special camps\" for the detention of Germans, making use of some former Nazi concentration camps.\n\nIn 1945, the Soviet occupation zone consisted primarily of the central portions of Prussia. After Prussia was dissolved by the Allied powers in 1947, the area was divided between the German states (L\u00e4nder) of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. On 7 October 1949, the Soviet zone became the German Democratic Republic. In 1952, the L\u00e4nder were dissolved and realigned into 14 districts (Bezirke), plus the district of East Berlin.\nIn 1952, with the Cold War political confrontation well underway, Joseph Stalin sounded out the Western Powers about the prospect of a united Germany which would be non-aligned (the \"Stalin Note\"). The West's disinterest in this proposal helped to cement the Soviet Zone's identity as the GDR for the next four decades.\n\"Soviet zone\" and derivatives (or also, \"the so-called GDR\") remained official and common names for East Germany in West Germany, which refused to acknowledge the existence of a state in East Germany until 1972, when the government of Willy Brandt extended a qualified recognition under its Ostpolitik initiative.", "Q947180": "Peter Michael Tong MBE (born 30 July 1960), better known as Pete Tong, is an English disc jockey who works for BBC Radio 1. He is the host of programmes such as Essential Mix and Essential Selection on the radio service, which can be heard through Internet radio streams, for his record label FFRR Records, and for his own performances at nightclubs and music festivals. Tong has also worked as a record producer, and is regarded as the \"global ambassador for electronic music.\"The phrase \"It's all gone Pete Tong\", where the name is used as rhyming slang for \"a bit wrong\", was reputedly first coined by Paul Oakenfold in late 1987 in an article about acid house called \"Bermondsey Goes Balearic\" for Terry Farley and Pete Heller's Boys Own fanzine. It's All Gone Pete Tong is also the title of a 2004 film which portrays a fictional DJ's experiences as he realizes he is becoming deaf. Tong appears briefly in the film. It is also the name Tong has adopted for his club night at the nightclub Pacha in Ibiza and his nightly radio programme in the United States on iHeartRadio's \"Evolution\" EDM format platform.In 2008, Tong was involved with organizing the International Music Summit in Ibiza, an event that has become an annual fixture (the 2016 Summit was held during 25\u201327 May).In 2017, Tong won Radio Show of the Year at the Electronic Music Awards for \"The Essential Collection\".", "Q288123": "Taylor Cole (born April 29, 1984) is an American actress and former fashion model.", "Q72967": "Karl Wilhelm Reichsgraf Finck von Finckenstein (11 February 1714 \u2013 3 January 1800) was a Count of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, a Prussian diplomat, and later Prime Minister of Prussia.", "Q8646": "Hong Kong ( (listen); Chinese: \u9999\u6e2f, Cantonese: [h\u0153\u0301\u02d0\u014b.k\u0254\u030c\u02d0\u014b] (listen)), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China in the eastern Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea. With over 7.4 million people of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world.\nHong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island at the end of the First Opium War in 1842. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War, and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. The whole territory was returned to China in 1997. As a special administrative region, Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under a principle of \"one country, two systems\".Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages, the territory has become one of the world's most significant financial centres and commercial ports. It is the world's tenth-largest exporter and ninth-largest importer. Hong Kong has a major capitalist service economy characterised by low taxation and free trade, and the currency, Hong Kong dollar, is the eighth most traded currency in the world. Hong Kong hosts the largest concentration of ultra high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world. Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, there is severe income inequality among its residents.Hong Kong is a highly developed territory and ranks fourth on the UN Human Development Index. The city also has the largest number of skyscrapers of any city in the world and its residents have some of the highest life expectancies in the world. The dense space also led to a developed transportation network with public transport rates exceeding 90 percent. Hong Kong is ranked third in the Global Financial Centres Index, behind New York City and London. In an annual ranking of the Index of Economic Freedom, Hong Kong has come out on top 25 years in a row, according to the Heritage Foundation, a U.S. conservative libertarian think tank.", "Q80529": "Daniel Elmen (December 29, 1885, Ismender, Yadrinsky District, Kazan Governorate, Russian Empire \u2013 September 3, 1932, Ilyinka, Chuvash ASSR, USSR) was a Chuvash state and political figure, the first Chairman of the Chuvash regional executive committee.", "Q34932": "Brisbane ( (listen)) is the capital of and the most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland, and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbane's metropolitan area has a population of over 2.5 million, and the South East Queensland metropolitan region, centred on Brisbane, encompasses a population of more than 3.6 million.The Brisbane central business district stands on the historic European settlement and is situated inside a peninsula of the Brisbane River, about 15 kilometres (9 miles) from its mouth at Moreton Bay, a bay of the Coral Sea. The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges. It sprawls across several of Australia's most populous local government areas (LGAs)\u2014most centrally the City of Brisbane, which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation. The demonym of Brisbane is \"Brisbanite\", whilst common nicknames include \"Brissy\", \"River City\" and \"Brisvegas\".One of the oldest cities in Australia, Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples. Named after the Brisbane River on which it is located\u2014which in turn takes its name from Sir Thomas Brisbane, the Governor of New South Wales at the time of the city's founding\u2014the area was chosen as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney Colony. The Moreton Bay penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe, 28 kilometres (17 mi) north of the central business district, but was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825, opening to free settlement in 1842. Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859. During World War II, Brisbane played a central role in the Allied campaign and served as the South West Pacific headquarters for United States Army General Douglas MacArthur.A diverse city with 32.2% of its metropolitan population being foreign born, Brisbane is classified as a global city, and ranks highly in ratings of livable cities. Brisbane is well known for its distinct Queenslander architecture which forms much of the city's built heritage. The city is noted for its cuisine brunches, outdoor dining, and rooftop bar scene. Brisbane was also the origin of the Anzac Day tradition through the works of Canon David John Garland.\nA transportation hub, Brisbane is served by a large suburban rail network, popular bus and ferry networks as well as Australia's third-busiest airport and seaport.\nSeveral large cultural, international and sporting events have been held at Brisbane, including the 1982 Commonwealth Games, World Expo '88, the final Goodwill Games in 2001, and the 2014 G-20 summit.\nBrisbane is a popular tourist destination, serving as a gateway to the state of Queensland, particularly to the Gold Coast and the Sunshine Coast, which are home to numerous popular surf beaches, located immediately south and north of Brisbane respectively. Major landmarks and attractions include South Bank Parklands and the Queensland Cultural Centre (including the Queensland Museum, Queensland Art Gallery and Gallery of Modern Art), City Hall, the Story Bridge, the City Botanic Gardens and Parliament of Queensland, the Howard Smith Wharves, Fortitude Valley (including James Street and Chinatown), West End, the Teneriffe woolstores precinct, Roma Street Parkland, New Farm Park (including the Brisbane Powerhouse), St John's Cathedral, the Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary, Mount Coot-tha Lookout and Botanic Gardens, the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges, the Brisbane River and floating Riverwalk, as well as Moreton Bay, its islands (including Moreton, North Stradbroke and Bribie islands), and coastal suburbs (including Shorncliffe and Wynnum and those on the Redcliffe Peninsula).", "Q234964": "H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Cixous (; French: [siksu]; born 5 June 1937) is a professor, French feminist writer, poet, playwright, philosopher, literary critic and rhetorician. Cixous is best known for her article \"The Laugh of the Medusa\", which established her as one of the early thinkers in post-structural feminism. She founded the first centre of feminist studies at a European university at the Centre universitaire de Vincennes of the University of Paris (today's University of Paris VIII).She holds honorary degrees from Queen's University and the University of Alberta in Canada; University College Dublin in Ireland; the University of York and University College London in the UK; and Georgetown University, Northwestern University, and the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison in the USA. In 2008 she was appointed as A.D. White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University until June 2014.", "Q272931": "Loretta Lynn (n\u00e9e Webb; born April 14, 1932) is an American country music singer songwriter with multiple gold albums in a career spanning 60 years. She is famous for hits such as \"You Ain't Woman Enough (To Take My Man)\", \"Don't Come Home A-Drinkin' (With Lovin' on Your Mind)\", \"One's on the Way\", \"Fist City\" and \"Coal Miner's Daughter\" along with the 1980 biographical film of the same name.\nLynn has received numerous awards and other accolades for her groundbreaking role in country music, including awards from both the Country Music Association and Academy of Country Music as a duet partner and an individual artist. She is the most awarded female country recording artist and the only female ACM Artist of the Decade (1970s). Lynn has scored 24 No. 1 hit singles and 11 number one albums. Lynn continues to tour, appear at the Grand Ole Opry and release new albums.", "Q668546": "Davis, known prior to 1907 as Davisville, is a city in the U.S. state of California and the most populous city in Yolo County. It had a population of 65,622 in 2010, not including the on-campus population of the University of California, Davis, which was over 9,400 (not including students' families) in 2016. As of 2019, there were 38,369 students enrolled at the university.", "Q118588": "John Albert Beasley (9 November 1895 \u2013 2 September 1949) was an Australian politician who was a member of the House of Representatives from 1928 to 1946. He served in the Australian War Cabinet from 1941 to 1946, and was a government minister in the Curtin and Chifley Governments. Beasley was a member of the Australian Labor Party, although on two occasions he left the party to join the breakaway Lang Labor groups, leading the faction in federal parliament. He concluded his career as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1946 until his death in 1949.", "Q919942": "Alessandro Rosa Vieira (born 8 June 1977), known as Falc\u00e3o, is a Brazilian retired professional futsal player. He is known for his flashy and potent dribbling skills and a powerful and accurate left foot. He is also the world's all-time leading goalscorer in men's international matches. He has named Best Player in the World four times (2004, 2006, 2011 and 2012) and won the FIFA Futsal World Cup Golden Shoe in 2004 and the Golden Ball in 2004 and 2008.", "Q274398": "\u00c9douard Montoute (born 20 December 1970, in Cayenne) is a French actor.", "Q87520": "Walter Tollmien (13 October 1900 in Berlin \u2013 25 November 1968 in G\u00f6ttingen) was a German fluid dynamics engineer.", "Q927112": "Less Than Jake is an American ska punk band from Gainesville, Florida, formed in 1992. The band consists of Chris DeMakes (vocals, guitar), Roger Lima (vocals, bass), Matt Yonker (drums), Buddy Schaub (trombone) and Peter \"JR\" Wasilewski (saxophone).\nThe group released its debut album, Pezcore, in 1995, following a series of independent seven-inch single releases. The band's subsequent two studio albums, Losing Streak (1996) and Hello Rockview (1998), were released on major label, Capitol Records, leading to increased exposure. Borders and Boundaries was released in 2000 on Fat Wreck Records. The band's fifth studio album Anthem (2003) was the group's most commercially successful to date, featuring the singles, \"She's Gonna Break Soon\" and \"The Science of Selling Yourself Short\".\nIn 2008 the band founded its own label, Sleep It Off Records, and released its seventh full-length album, GNV FLA. The band has recently stated its preference for EP releases, and independently issued Greetings from Less Than Jake (2011) and its counterpart, Seasons Greetings from Less Than Jake (2012). In late 2012, the band combined the two to create the compilation album, Greetings and Salutations (2012) The band's eighth studio album, See the Light, was released on November 12, 2013.\nThe band entered the studio in 2016 to record their latest EP, titled Sound the Alarm, which was released in February 2017 through Pure Noise Records.", "Q1060636": "Daniel Handler (born February 28, 1970) is an American writer and musician. He is best known for his children's series A Series of Unfortunate Events and All the Wrong Questions, published under the pseudonym Lemony Snicket. The former was adapted into a Nickelodeon film in 2004 as well as a Netflix series from 2017 to 2019.\nHandler has also published adult novels and a stage play under his real name, along with other children's books under the Snicket pseudonym. His first book, a satirical fiction piece titled The Basic Eight was rejected by many publishers for its dark subject matter. Handler has also played the accordion in several bands.", "Q288645": "G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra is a 2009 American military science fiction action film based on the toy franchise created by Hasbro, with particular inspiration from the comic book series and toy line G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero. It is the first installment in the live-action G.I. Joe film series. The film was directed by Stephen Sommers. G.I. Joe features an ensemble cast based on the various characters of the franchise. The story follows two American soldiers, Duke and Ripcord, who join the G.I. Joe Team after being attacked by Military Armaments Research Syndicate (M.A.R.S.) troops.\nAfter leaked drafts of the script were criticized by fans, Larry Hama, writer of the comic, was hired as creative consultant, and rewrites were made. Filming took place in Downey, California, and Prague's Barrandov Studios, and six companies handled the visual effects. The film made its world premiere at the Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood, California on August 6, 2009. The next day, it was widely released worldwide on August 7, 2009, following an extensive marketing campaign focused on the Mid-American public. The Rise of Cobra opened at the top of the box office, and grossed over $302 million worldwide by the end of its run. Critical reception was generally mixed. A sequel titled G.I. Joe: Retaliation was released on March 28, 2013.", "Q101967": "Monika Br\u00fcning (born 13 July 1951 in Bremen) is a German politician and member of the Christian Democratic Union.", "Q176537": "Andrew Roy Gibb (5 March 1958 \u2013 10 March 1988) was an English singer, songwriter, performer, and teen idol. He was the younger brother of the Bee Gees: Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb.\nGibb came to international prominence in the late 1970s with six singles that reached the Top 10 in the United States, starting with \"I Just Want to Be Your Everything\" (1977), followed by three other top 20 singles. Gibb's success was brief due to drug addiction and depression. He died five days after his 30th birthday while attempting a comeback.", "Q291314": "Samantha Zoe Womack (n\u00e9e Janus; born 2 November 1972) is a British actress, singer, model and director who has worked in film, television and stage.\nWomack made her name in the mid-1990s with her role as Mandy Wilkins in Game On leading onto roles in the BBC One drama Pie in the Sky (1995\u201396) and the sitcom Babes in the Wood (1998). \nIn recent years she has been best known for playing the role of Ronnie Mitchell in EastEnders (2007\u20132011, 2013\u20132017). Her portrayal as Ronnie has gained her more prominence and acting roles after being out of the limelight for numerous years. She also played Tanya Porter in Sky One comedy-drama Mount Pleasant from 2013 until the final episode in 2017. Womack has also toured across the United Kingdom playing Morticia in the stage musical The Addams Family.\nWomack initially planned a career in singing and she represented the United Kingdom in the 1991 Eurovision Song Contest. Her song for the contest, \"A Message to Your Heart\", was released as her first (and only) single in April 1991 and reached No. 30 in the UK Singles Chart.", "Q661562": "John Amery (14 March 1912 \u2013 19 December 1945) was a pro-Nazi British fascist. In 1942, while in Germany during the Second World War, he proposed the formation of a British volunteer force (made up from former prisoners of war) as part of the German military. This idea became the British Free Corps, a small unit of the Waffen-SS. Amery also conducted recruitment efforts, and made propaganda broadcasts for Germany. He later gave direct support to Benito Mussolini. He was prosecuted by the British and pleaded guilty to eight counts of high treason, for which he was sentenced to execution, seven months after the war in Europe ended.", "Q967536": "Gordon David Plotkin, (born 9 September 1946) is a theoretical computer scientist in the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh. Plotkin is probably best known for his introduction of structural operational semantics (SOS) and his work on denotational semantics. In particular, his notes on A Structural Approach to Operational Semantics were very influential. He has contributed to many other areas of computer science.\n\n", "Q140085": "Muhammad Ataul Goni Osmani (Bengali: \u09ae\u09c1\u09b9\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09a6 \u0986\u09a4\u09be\u0989\u09b2 \u0997\u09a3\u09bf \u0993\u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c0; 1 September 1918 \u2013 16 February 1984), also known as Bongobir (the Hero of Bengal), was a Bengali military leader. He served as commander-in-chief of Bangladesh Forces during the 1971 Bangladesh War of Independence. Osmani's career spanned five decades, beginning with service in the British Indian Army in 1939. He fought in Burma during World War II, and served in the Pakistan Army until 1967. Osmani was appointed head of the Bengali armed resistance in 1971 by the Provisional Government of Bangladesh, and he is regarded as the founder of the Bangladesh Armed Forces. Osmani retired from the Army in 1972.\nOsmani entered politics in independent Bangladesh, serving as a member of parliament and cabinet minister in the government of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He resigned from the government after opposing the creation of BAKSAL. Osmani is credited with introducing Kazi Nazrul Islam's \"Notuner Gaan\" as Bangladesh's national march.", "Q213465": "Guildford ( (listen))\nis a town in Surrey, England, 27 miles (43 km) southwest of London on the A3 trunk road midway between the capital and Portsmouth.The town has a population of about 80,000 and is the seat of the wider Borough of Guildford which had an estimated 146,100 inhabitants in 2015.Guildford has Saxon roots and historians attribute its location to the existence of a gap in the North Downs where the River Wey was forded by the Harrow Way. By AD 978 it was home to an early English Royal Mint. The building of the Wey Navigation and the Basingstoke Canal in the 17th and 18th centuries, respectively, connected Guildford to a network of waterways that aided its prosperity. In the 20th century, the University of Surrey and the Anglican Guildford Cathedral were added.Due to recent development running north from Guildford, and linking to the Woking area, Guildford now officially forms the southwestern tip of the Greater London Built-up Area, as defined by the Office for National Statistics.", "Q762719": "Jos\u00e9 Jim\u00e9nez Lozano (13 May 1930 \u2013 9 March 2020) was a Spanish writer. In 2002 he was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize.", "Q632884": "Georgy Semyonovich Shpagin (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u043f\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d; 17 April 1897 \u2013 6 February 1952) was a Russian weapons designer. He is best known as the creator of the famous PPSh-41 submachine gun, as well as working with Vasily Degtyaryov on the DShK heavy machine gun.", "Q85337": "Emil Sax (8 February 1845 \u2013 25 March 1927) was an Austrian economist from Javorn\u00edk, Austrian Silesia.He was professor of economics at the Charles University in Prague from 1879-93, and after it was split in 1882, he first became Dean of the Law College and later Rector for the German Charles-Ferdinand University. As Rector he was also Virilist ex-officio of the Bohemian Landtag, and he was an elected member of the Imperial Council (Austria) from 1879-85. He died in Volosko, Kingdom of Yugoslavia.", "Q36843": "Dr. Walter Gross (written Gro\u00df in German) (21 October 1904 in Kassel \u2013 25 April 1945 in Berlin) was a German physician appointed to create the Office for Enlightenment on Population Policy and Racial Welfare (Aufkl\u00e4rungsamt f\u00fcr Bev\u00f6lkerungspolitik und Rassenpflege) for the Nazi party (NSDAP). He headed this office, renamed the Office of Racial Policy (Rassenpolitisches Amt) in 1934, until his suicide at the close of World War II.", "Q172989": "Bertrand Gachot (born 23 December 1962) is a French former racing driver.", "Q1288454": "Vik Muniz (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8vik mu\u02c8nis]; born 1961, in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian artist and photographer. Initially a sculptor, Muniz grew interested with the photographic representations of his work, eventually focusing completely on photography. Primarily working with unconventional materials such as tomato sauce, diamonds, magazine clippings, chocolate syrup, dust, dirt, etc., Muniz creates works of art , referencing old master's paintings and celebrity portraits, among other things, and then photographs them. His work has been met with both commercial success and critical acclaim, and has been exhibited worldwide. He is currently represented by Galeria Nara Roesler based in New York and Brazil.In 2010, Muniz was featured in the documentary film Waste Land. Directed by Lucy Walker, the film highlights Muniz's work on one of the world's largest garbage dumps, Jardim Gramacho, on the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro. The film was nominated to the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 83rd Academy Awards.", "Q95124": "Migliaro is a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Fiscaglia in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Ferrara. It was a separate comune until 2014.", "Q375092": "Forrest Stanley (August 21, 1889 in New York City \u2013 August 27, 1969 in Los Angeles, California) was an American actor and screenplay writer best known for his work in silent film. He is particularly known for his role as Charles Brandon in the historical film When Knighthood Was in Flower (1922) by Robert G. Vignola and Charles Wilder in the murder mystery film The Cat and the Canary (1927) directed by Paul Leni.", "Q92893": "Victor Saul Miller (born 3 March 1947 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American mathematician at the Center for Communications Research (CCR) of the Institute for Defense Analyses in Princeton, New Jersey, U.S. He received his A.B. in mathematics from Columbia University in 1968, and his Ph.D. in mathematics from Harvard University in 1975. He was an assistant professor in the Mathematics Department of the University of Massachusetts Boston from 1973 to 1978. In 1978 he joined the IBM 801 project in the Computer Science Department of the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York, and moved to the Mathematics Department in 1984. Since 1993 he has been at CCR.\nHis main areas of interest are in Computational Number Theory, Combinatorics, Data Compression and Cryptography. He is one of the co-inventors of Elliptic Curve Cryptography. He is also one of the co-inventors, with Mark Wegman, of the LZW data compression algorithm, and various extensions, one of which is used in the V.42bis international modem standard. He received an IEEE Millennium medal for this invention. He is also the inventor of Miller's Algorithm which is of fundamental use in pairing-based cryptography. He is also one of the co-inventors of the Lagarias-Miller-Odlyzko prime counting algorithm.Miller is the recipient of the RSA Award for Excellence in Mathematics which was given in the RSA Conference 2009, a Fellow of the IEEE, the International Association for Cryptologic Research and the Association for Computing Machinery.", "Q78292": "Gottlieb Schumacher (21 November 1857 \u2013 26 November 1925) was an American-born civil engineer, architect and archaeologist of German descent, who was an important figure in the early archaeological exploration of Palestine.", "Q1395411": "Germ\u00e1n Larrea Mota-Velasco (born July 8, 1941) is a Mexican billionaire businessman. He is the CEO of Grupo M\u00e9xico, Mexico's largest mining corporation, and the third largest copper producer in the world.", "Q58142": "George Yeo Yong-Boon (simplified Chinese: \u6768\u8363\u6587; traditional Chinese: \u694a\u69ae\u6587; pinyin: Y\u00e1ng R\u00f3ng W\u00e9n; born 13 September 1954) is a Singaporean business executive and a former politician. He is the current chairman and executive director of Kerry Logistics Network. Yeo was also the Chancellor of Nalanda University and member of the University Governing Board (earlier the Nalanda Mentor Group).\nYeo represented the People's Action Party (PAP) in the Singapore parliament as a member of the Aljunied Group Representation Constituency from 1988 until in 2011, where his team was defeated to the opposition Workers' Party (led by then-Secretary General Low Thia Khiang), after which he announced his retirement from politics. During his time as an MP, Yeo was made a Cabinet member for Information and the Arts (1991\u201399), Health (1994\u201397), Trade and Industry (1999\u20132004) and Foreign Affairs (2004\u201311). He declined to participate in the 2011 Singaporean presidential election.\nPrior to entering Parliament, Yeo was a Brigadier-General in the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF). He served as the Chief of Staff of the RSAF from 1985 to 1986, and as the Director of Joint Operations and Planning at the Ministry of Defence from 1986 to 1988.", "Q3075": "F\u00fcrth (German: [f\u028f\u0281t] (listen); East Franconian: F\u00e4rdd; Yiddish: \u05e4\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d3\u05d0\u200e, romanized: Fiurda) is a city in northern Bavaria, Germany, in the administrative division (Regierungsbezirk) of Middle Franconia. It is now contiguous with the larger city of Nuremberg, the centres of the two cities being only 7 km apart.\nF\u00fcrth is one of 23 \"major centres\" in Bavaria. F\u00fcrth, Nuremberg, Erlangen and some smaller towns form the \"Middle Franconian Conurbation\", which is one of the 11 German metropolitan regions.\nF\u00fcrth celebrated its thousandth anniversary in 2007, its first mention being on 1 November 1007.", "Q829895": "The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual, social, and artistic explosion centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, spanning the 1920s. At the time, it was known as the \"New Negro Movement\", named after The New Negro, a 1925 anthology edited by Alain Locke. The movement also included the new African-American cultural expressions across the urban areas in the Northeast and Midwest United States affected by the Great Migration, of which Harlem was the largest.\nThough it was centered in the Harlem neighborhood, many francophone black writers from African and Caribbean colonies who lived in Paris were also influenced by the movement, which spanned from about 1918 until the mid-1930s. Many of its ideas lived on much longer. The zenith of this \"flowering of Negro literature\", as James Weldon Johnson preferred to call the Harlem Renaissance, took place between 1924\u2014when Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life hosted a party for black writers where many white publishers were in attendance\u2014and 1929, the year of the stock-market crash and the beginning of the Great Depression. The Harlem Renaissance is considered to have been a rebirth of the African-American arts.", "Q122172": "Alfred Schirokauer (1880\u20131934) was a German novelist and screenwriter. He also directed three films during the silent era. Many films were based on his novels including several adaptations of Lucrezia Borgia. After the rise of the Nazi Party to power in 1933 the Jewish Schirokauer emigrated to Amsterdam and then to Austria where he died the following year.", "Q1865656": "Little Johnny Jones (born Johnnie Jones, November 1, 1924 \u2013 November 19, 1964) was an American Chicago blues pianist and singer, best known for his work with Tampa Red, Muddy Waters and Elmore James.\n\n", "Q974238": "Marsha Ambrosius-Billups (born 8 August 1977) is an English singer and songwriter from Liverpool, England. She embarked on her musical career as a member of Floetry. Ambrosius released her debut solo album Late Nights & Early Mornings in March 2011. Marsha's vocals were used in Justin Timberlake's \"Cry Me a River\" but was uncredited for her work. She also has a brother, Marvin Ambrosius, a television presenter in the United Kingdom.", "Q70802": "The French Third Republic (French: La Troisi\u00e8me R\u00e9publique, sometimes written as La IIIe R\u00e9publique) was the system of government adopted in France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940 after France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government in France.\nThe early days of the Third Republic were dominated by political disruptions caused by the Franco-Prussian War of 1870\u201371, which the Republic continued to wage after the fall of Emperor Napoleon III in 1870. Harsh reparations exacted by the Prussians after the war resulted in the loss of the French regions of Alsace (keeping the Territoire de Belfort) and Lorraine (the northeastern part, i.e. present-day department of Moselle), social upheaval, and the establishment of the Paris Commune. The early governments of the Third Republic considered re-establishing the monarchy, but disagreement as to the nature of that monarchy and the rightful occupant of the throne could not be resolved. Consequently, the Third Republic, originally envisioned as a provisional government, instead became the permanent form of government of France.\nThe French Constitutional Laws of 1875 defined the composition of the Third Republic. It consisted of a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate to form the legislative branch of government and a president to serve as head of state. Calls for the re-establishment of the monarchy dominated the tenures of the first two presidents, Adolphe Thiers and Patrice de MacMahon, but growing support for the republican form of government among the French populace and a series of republican presidents in the 1880s gradually quashed prospects of a monarchical restoration.\nThe Third Republic established many French colonial possessions, including French Indochina, French Madagascar, French Polynesia, and large territories in West Africa during the Scramble for Africa, all of them acquired during the last two decades of the 19th century. The early years of the 20th century were dominated by the Democratic Republican Alliance, which was originally conceived as a centre-left political alliance, but over time became the main centre-right party. The period from the start of World War I to the late 1930s featured sharply polarized politics, between the Democratic Republican Alliance and the Radicals. The government fell less than a year after the outbreak of World War II, when German forces occupied much of France, and was replaced by the rival governments of Charles de Gaulle's Free France (La France libre) and Philippe P\u00e9tain's Vichy France (L'\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais).\nAdolphe Thiers called republicanism in the 1870s \"the form of government that divides France least\"; however, politics under the Third Republic were sharply polarized. On the left stood Reformist France, heir to the French Revolution. On the right stood conservative France, rooted in the peasantry, the Roman Catholic Church and the army. In spite of France's sharply divided electorate and persistent attempts to overthrow it, the Third Republic endured for seventy years, which as of 2020 makes it the longest lasting system of government in France since the collapse of the Ancien R\u00e9gime in 1789.", "Q516020": "Stanis\u0142aw Czaykowski, also known as Stanislas Czaykowski and Stanislaus Czaykowski (10 June 1899 \u2013 10 September 1933) was a Polish Grand Prix motor racing driver.\nIn 1930 and 1933 Czaykowski was competing in French Grand Prix. In 1931 he won non-championship Casablanca Grand Prix, was second in Dieppe and Comminges Grand Prix and third in Marne, Monza and Brignole Grand Prix. In 1932 he won non-championship Provence Grand Prix and was third in Casablanca and N\u00eemes Grand Prix.\nIn 1932 and 1933 he competed in 24 Hours of Le Mans. In 1933 Czaykowski won British Empire Trophy.\nHe was one of three drivers to die during the 1933 Monza Grand Prix at the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, along with Baconin Borzacchini and Giuseppe Campari.", "Q218524": "Totally Spies! is an animated television series created by Vincent Chalvon-Demersay and David Michel and mainly produced by French company Marathon Media (and co-produced with Canadian company Image Entertainment Corporation for seasons 3 to 5). The show was made to resemble anime in artwork and was originally based on the concept of a girl group. It focuses on three teenage girls in Beverly Hills, California, United States, who work as undercover super agents.\nTotally Spies! was first seen on November 3, 2001, on ABC Family (now Freeform) in the United States before moving to Cartoon Network less than 2 years later. It premiered on TF1 in France on 3 April 2002, and on Teletoon in Canada on September 2, 2002. Since the series debut, 156 episodes have been broadcast, completing its sixth season to date, that includes several specials.\nSeveral products tied to the series have been released, which include a series of comic books, novels and video games. A prequel theatrical movie production named Totally Spies! The Movie, made and released between the fifth and sixth seasons and co-produced with Italy, was released in 2009 in France.", "Q115906": "Pierre Victor, baron de Besenval de Br\u00fcnstatt (1721\u20131791) was the last commander of the Swiss Guards in France.\nBorn at Solothurn, he was the son of Jean Victor de Besenval, colonel of the regiment of Swiss Guards in the pay of France, who was charged in 1707 by Louis XIV with a mission to Sweden to reconcile Charles XII with the tsar Peter the Great, and to unite them in alliance with France against England. Pierre Victor served at first as aide-de-camp to Marshall Broglie during the campaign of 1748 in Bohemia, then as aide-de-camp to the duke of Orleans during the Seven Years' War. He then became commander of the Swiss Guards. When the French Revolution began de Besenval remained firmly attached to the royal court and he was given command of the troops which the king had concentrated in Paris in July 1789, a move which led to the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789. Besenval showed incompetence in the crisis, and attempted to flee. He was arrested, tried by the tribunal of the Ch\u00e2telet, but acquitted. He then fell into obscurity and died in Paris in 1791.\nThe baron de Besenval de Br\u00fcnstatt is principally known as the author of his M\u00e9moires, which were published in 1805 to 1807 by the vicomte de S\u00e9gur, who was said to be his actual son, in which are reported many scandalous tales, true or false, of the court of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. The authenticity of these memoirs is not absolutely established.", "Q78286": "Karl Twesten (April 22, 1820 in Kiel \u2013 October 14, 1870 in Berlin) was a German politician and author.", "Q57265": "Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir (Arabic: \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u200e, pronounced [ba'\u0283i\u02d0r]; born 1 January 1944) is a Sudanese politician who served as the seventh President of Sudan from 1989 to 2019, when he was deposed in a coup d'\u00e9tat. He was subsequently incarcerated, tried and convicted on multiple corruption charges. He came to power in 1989 when, as a brigadier general in the Sudanese Army, he led a group of officers in a military coup that ousted the democratically elected government of prime minister Sadiq al-Mahdi after it began negotiations with rebels in the south. He was elected three times as President in elections that have been under scrutiny for electoral fraud. In 1992, al-Bashir founded the National Congress Party, which remained the dominant political party in the country until 2019. In March 2009, al-Bashir became the first sitting president to be indicted by the International Criminal Court (ICC), for allegedly directing a campaign of mass killing, rape, and pillage against civilians in Darfur.On 11 February 2020, the Sudanese government announced that it had agreed to hand over al-Bashir to the ICC for trial. \nIn October 2005, al-Bashir's government negotiated an end to the Second Sudanese Civil War, leading to a referendum in the South, resulting in the separation of the south as the country of South Sudan. In the Darfur region, he oversaw the war in Darfur that has resulted in death tolls that are about 10,000 according to the Sudanese Government, but most sources suggest between 200,000 and 400,000. During his presidency, there have been several violent struggles between the Janjaweed militia and rebel groups such as the Sudanese Liberation Army (SLA) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) in the form of guerrilla warfare in the Darfur region. The civil war has displaced over 2.5 million people out of a total population of 6.2 million in Darfur and has created a crisis in the diplomatic relations between Sudan and Chad. The rebels in Darfur lost the support from Libya after the death of Muammar Gaddafi and the collapse of his regime in 2011.In July 2008, the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC), Luis Moreno Ocampo, accused al-Bashir of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes in Darfur. The court issued an arrest warrant for al-Bashir on 4 March 2009 on counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity, but ruled that there was insufficient evidence to prosecute him for genocide. However, on 12 July 2010, the Court issued a second warrant containing three separate counts of genocide. The new warrant, like the first, was delivered to the Sudanese government, which did not recognize either the warrant or the ICC. The indictments do not allege that Bashir personally took part in such activities; instead, they say that he is \"suspected of being criminally responsible, as an indirect co-perpetrator\". The court's decision was opposed by the African Union, League of Arab States and Non-Aligned Movement as well as the governments of Russia and China.From December 2018 onwards, Bashir faced large-scale protests which demanded his removal from power. On 11 April 2019, Bashir was ousted in a military coup d'\u00e9tat. Bashir was replaced by the Transitionary Military Council which transferred executive power to a mixed civilian\u2013military Sovereignty Council and a civilian prime minister, Abdalla Hamdok, in September 2019. In early November 2019, the Forces of Freedom and Change alliance (FFC), which holds indirect political power during the 39-month Sudanese transition to democracy that started in September, Hamdok and Sovereignty Council member Siddiq Tawer stated that Bashir would be eventually transferred to the ICC. He was convicted of corruption in December 2019 and sentenced to two years in a prison for the elderly.", "Q92887": "Philippe Kruchten (born 1952) is a Canadian software engineer, and Professor of Software Engineering at University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, known as Director of Process Development (RUP) at Rational Software, and developer of the 4+1 Architectural View Model.", "Q58156": "Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e), also known as Saud Al Faisal (Arabic: \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644\u200e\u200e; 2 January 1940 \u2013 9 July 2015), was a Saudi diplomat and statesman who served as Saudi Arabia's foreign minister from 1975 to 2015. A member of the Saudi royal family, he was the longest-serving foreign minister in world history since Klemens von Metternich.", "Q294278": "The African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP) is a group of countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific that was created by the Georgetown Agreement in 1975. In December 2019, the ACP's Council of Ministers endorsed a revision of the Georgetown Agreement that will transform the current ACP Group of States into the Organisation of African, Caribbean Pacific States (OACPS). The group's main objectives are sustainable development and poverty reduction within its member states, as well as their greater integration into the world's economy. All of the member states, except Cuba, are signatories to the Cotonou Agreement with the European Union.\nThe Cotonou Agreement (signed in Cotonou, Benin in June 2000) is the successor to the Lom\u00e9 Conventions. One of the major differences from the Lom\u00e9 Convention is that the partnership is extended to new actors such as civil society, private sector, trade unions and local authorities. These will be involved in consultations and planning of national development strategies, provided with access to financial resources and involved in the implementation of programmes.\nMany small island developing states are ACP states; the fourth Lom\u00e9 Convention was revised in 1995 in Mauritius and gives special attention to island countries in this agreement.\n\n", "Q68095": "Friedrich Heinrich Philipp Franz von Hefner-Alteneck (April 27, 1845 in Aschaffenburg \u2013 January 6, 1904 in Biesdorf near Berlin) was a German electrical engineer and one of the closest aides of Werner von Siemens. He is largely remembered for the invention of the Hefner lamp, which provided the measure of luminous intensity used in Germany, Austria and Scandinavia from 1890 to 1942. The measure was called the Hefnerkerze (HK). The Hefnerkerze was superseded in the 1940s by the modern SI unit, the candela.He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1896.", "Q15056": "Jean Luc Joseph Marie \"Jean-Luc\" Dehaene (Dutch: [\u0292\u0251\u0303\u02d0\u02c8lyk d\u0259\u02c8\u0266a\u02d0n\u0259] (listen); 7 August 1940 \u2013 15 May 2014) was a Belgian politician who served as Prime Minister of Belgium from 1992 until 1999. During his political career, he was nicknamed \"The Plumber\" and \"The Minesweeper\" for his ability to negotiate political deadlocks. A member of the Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams (CD&V) party and its antecedents, Dehaene gained his first ministerial appointment in 1981. Dehaene's first government (1992\u20131995) included both Christian and Social Democrats and presided over the creation of a new constitution, effectively transforming Belgium into a federal state. His second government (1995\u20131999) coincided with a number of crises in Belgium including the Dutroux scandal. The Dioxin Affair, occurring shortly before the 1999 election, led to a swing against the major parties and Dehaene's government fell. Following his final term as Prime Minister he was active in both Belgian and European politics. He was also on UEFA's financial fair play regulatory body and managed Dexia Bank during the financial crisis. He was the last prime minister of King Baudouin's reign.", "Q53003": "Roberto Gastone Zeffiro Rossellini (8 May 1906 \u2013 3 June 1977) was an Italian film director, screenwriter, and producer. Rossellini was one of the most prominent directors of the Italian neorealist cinema, contributing to the movement with films such as Rome, Open City (1945), Paisan (1946), and Germany, Year Zero (1948).", "Q1749799": "Edward William Barton-Wright CE, M.J.S. (member of the Japan Society) (1860\u20131951) was an English entrepreneur specialising in both self defence training and physical therapy. He is remembered today as having been one of the first Europeans to both learn and teach Japanese martial arts and as a pioneer of the concept of hybrid martial arts.\n\n", "Q7207": "Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 \u2013 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603. Sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last of the five monarchs of the House of Tudor.\nElizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, his second wife, who was executed two-and-a-half years after Elizabeth's birth. Anne's marriage to Henry VIII was annulled, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate. Her half-brother, Edward VI, ruled until his death in 1553, bequeathing the crown to Lady Jane Grey and ignoring the claims of his two half-sisters, the Roman Catholic Mary and the younger Elizabeth, in spite of statute law to the contrary. Edward's will was set aside and Mary became queen, deposing Lady Jane Grey. During Mary's reign, Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.\nIn 1558 upon Mary's death, Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister to the throne and set out to rule by good counsel. She depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers, led by William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley. One of her first actions as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the supreme governor. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement was to evolve into the Church of England. It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir; however, despite numerous courtships, she never did. She was eventually succeeded by her first cousin twice removed, James VI of Scotland, laying the foundation for the Kingdom of Great Britain. She had earlier been responsible for the imprisonment and execution of James's mother, Mary, Queen of Scots.\nIn government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and half-siblings had been. One of her mottoes was \"video et taceo\" (\"I see but say nothing\"). In religion, she was relatively tolerant and avoided systematic persecution. After the pope declared her illegitimate in 1570 and released her subjects from obedience to her, several conspiracies threatened her life, all of which were defeated with the help of her ministers' secret service. Elizabeth was cautious in foreign affairs, manoeuvring between the major powers of France and Spain. She only half-heartedly supported a number of ineffective, poorly resourced military campaigns in the Netherlands, France, and Ireland. By the mid-1580s, England could no longer avoid war with Spain. England's victory against the Spanish Armada in 1588 associated Elizabeth with one of the greatest military victories in English history.\nAs she grew older, Elizabeth became celebrated for her virginity. A cult grew around her which was celebrated in the portraits, pageants, and literature of the day. Elizabeth's reign became known as the Elizabethan era. The period is famous for the flourishing of English drama, led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe, and for the seafaring prowess of English adventurers such as Francis Drake. Some historians depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered, sometimes indecisive ruler, who enjoyed more than her share of luck. Towards the end of her reign, a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity. Elizabeth is acknowledged as a charismatic performer and a dogged survivor in an era when government was ramshackle and limited, and when monarchs in neighbouring countries faced internal problems that jeopardised their thrones. After the short reigns of her half-siblings, her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity.", "Q8134": "Economics () is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyzes basic elements in the economy, including individual agents and markets, their interactions, and the outcomes of interactions. Individual agents may include, for example, households, firms, buyers, and sellers. Macroeconomics analyzes the entire economy (meaning aggregated production, consumption, saving, and investment) and issues affecting it, including unemployment of resources (labour, capital, and land), inflation, economic growth, and the public policies that address these issues (monetary, fiscal, and other policies). See glossary of economics.\nOther broad distinctions within economics include those between positive economics, describing \"what is\", and normative economics, advocating \"what ought to be\"; between economic theory and applied economics; between rational and behavioural economics; and between mainstream economics and heterodox economics.Economic analysis can be applied throughout society, in real estate, business, finance, health care, and government. Economic analysis is sometimes also applied to such diverse subjects as crime, education, the family, law, politics, religion, social institutions, war, science, and the environment.", "Q357541": "Haunted is a 1995 horror film, by veteran director Lewis Gilbert and starring Aidan Quinn, Kate Beckinsale, Anthony Andrews, Victoria Shalet and John Gielgud. It is based on a novel of the same name by James Herbert, but makes significant changes to the original story. The film was produced by Andrews and Gilbert.", "Q64877": "Egg is a municipality in the district of Uster in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q96439": "Alexandra Thein (born 5 October 1963 in Bochum) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party of Germany who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2009 until 2014.", "Q160341": "Edward IV (28 April 1442 \u2013 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death.\nHis father, Richard of York, leader of the Yorkist faction, was a lineal descendant of Edward III and until 1453, heir presumptive to Henry VI, from the ruling Lancastrians. Less than a year old when he came to the throne in September 1422, Henry's minority was marked by political infighting within the Regency council. After 1437, he ruled in his own right but his weak and indecisive personality did little to mitigate factional conflict. \nShortly after the birth of his son Edward of Westminster in 1453, Henry suffered a complete mental breakdown and the government descended into chaos. Conflict between Yorkists and Lancastrians led to civil war in 1455. This continued intermittently until 1485 and is collectively known as The Wars of the Roses. After Richard was executed in December 1460, Edward became head of the family; with the support of the Earl of Warwick, or 'The Kingmaker', he deposed Henry and was crowned king in June 1461. \nDivisions developed after Edward's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville in 1464; Warwick switched sides in 1470 and restored Henry to the throne. Edward fled to Flanders, but returned to England in March 1471, winning victories at Barnet in April and Tewkesbury in May. Warwick, Henry's heir Edward of Westminster and other senior Lancastrians were killed, while Henry died in the Tower of London a few days later. \nEngland remained relatively peaceful until Edward's death in 1483. His two minor sons, Edward and Richard were subsequently declared illegitimate by his younger brother, the Duke of Gloucester, who became Richard III.", "Q695391": "Karl G\u00f6lsdorf (8 June 1861 \u2013 18 March 1916) was an Austrian engineer and locomotive designer.", "Q437944": "Daniel Peter O'Herlihy (May 1, 1919 \u2013 February 17, 2005) was an Irish film actor, known for such roles as Brigadier General Warren A. \"Blackie\" Black in Fail Safe, Conal Cochran in Halloween III: Season of the Witch, \"The Old Man\" in RoboCop, and Andrew Packard in Twin Peaks. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the 1954 film Adventures of Robinson Crusoe.", "Q1779882": "Randi Stene (born 12 April 1963) is a Norwegian opera singer and contralto from Trondheim.After her studies in Trondheim, Oslo and K\u00f8benhavn, her international breakthrough came as Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier (The Knight of the Rose) at the Op\u00e9ra Bastille in Paris in 1993. She had the same success with this role in London. Her interpretation of Silla in Hans Pfitzner's opera Palestrina at Covent Garden rocketed her to the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.\nAs a soloist, Randi Stene has performed at BBC Proms with Esa-Pekka Salonen and at the Salzburg Festival with Philippe Herreweghe. She is also a frequent guest soloist with the symphony orchestras in the Nordic capitals. Given her base in Copenhagen and her key role within Danish opera, she was an obvious choice as a soloist at the inauguration of the new opera house in Copenhagen in the new production of Verdi's Aida. Her recordings includes songs by Hugo Alfv\u00e9n, John Dowland, Edvard Grieg, Wilhelm Peterson-Berger and Jean Sibelius.\nIn 2004 Stene was named Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog, and in 2007 she received the Norwegian-Finnish Sibelius Award.", "Q81145": "The Eagle is a 2011 epic historical drama film set in Roman Britain directed by Kevin Macdonald, and starring Channing Tatum, Jamie Bell and Donald Sutherland. Adapted by Jeremy Brock from Rosemary Sutcliff's historical adventure novel The Eagle of the Ninth (1954), the film tells the story of a young Roman officer attempting to recover the lost Roman eagle standard of his father's legion in Scotland. The story is based on the Ninth Spanish Legion's supposed disappearance in Britain.\nThe film was an Anglo-American co-production. It was released in the U.S. and Canada on 11 February 2011, and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 25 March 2011.\nHistorically, the purported disappearance of the Ninth Legion in Northern Britain is a subject of debate and dispute (see Legio IX Hispana \u00a7 Theories about the Ninth's disappearance for details.)\n\n", "Q977731": "Jos\u00e9 Valentim Fialho de Almeida, better known as Fialho de Almeida (7 May 1857 \u2013 4 March 1911), was a Portuguese writer, journalist, and translator associated with Symbolism and the Decadent movement. In his political writings, he often expressed anti-monarchical and republican sentiments.", "Q45661": "Gabrielle Bonheur \"Coco\" Chanel (19 August 1883 \u2013 10 January 1971) was a French fashion designer and businesswoman. The founder and namesake of the Chanel brand, she was credited in the post-World War I era with liberating women from the constraints of the \"corseted silhouette\" and popularizing a sporty, casual chic as the feminine standard of style. A prolific fashion creator, Chanel extended her influence beyond couture clothing, realizing her design aesthetic in jewellery, handbags, and fragrance. Her signature scent, Chanel No. 5, has become an iconic product. She is the only fashion designer listed on Time magazine's list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Chanel herself designed her famed interlocked-CC monogram, which has been in use since the 1920s.Chanel's social connections encouraged a conservative personal outlook. Rumors arose about Chanel's activities during the German occupation of France during World War II, and she was criticized for being too close to the German occupiers. This boosted her professional career: One of Chanel's liaisons was with a German diplomat, Baron (Freiherr) Hans G\u00fcnther von Dincklage. After the war, Chanel was interrogated about her relationship with von Dincklage, but she was not charged as a collaborator due to intervention by Churchill. After several post-war years in Switzerland, she returned to Paris and revived her fashion house. In 2011, Hal Vaughan published a book about Chanel based on newly declassified documents, revealing that she had collaborated directly with the Nazi intelligence service, the Sicherheitsdienst. One plan in late-1943 was for her to carry an SS peace overture to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to end the war.", "Q89519": "Johann Smidt (November 5, 1773 \u2013 May 7, 1857) was an important Bremen politician, theologian, and founder of Bremerhaven.\nSmidt was a son of the Reformed preacher Johann Smidt sen., pastor at St. Stephen Church in Bremen. Smidt jun. studied theology in Jena, and was one of the founders of the Gesellschaft der freien M\u00e4nner (Community of free men). He was ordained Reformed preacher in Z\u00fcrich in 1797. He then became Professor of History at the Gymnasium illustre in his hometown. He then became 'Syndikus' (company lawyer) for the \u00c4lterleute (aldermen, Bremen's merchants corporation of constitutional rank) and in 1800 'Ratsherr' (councilman), a position in which he exerted considerable influence on the governmental and commercial development of the cities of the Hanseatic League.\nIn particular as he acted as Bremen's diplomatic representative at the Congress of Vienna and preserved the independence of the Hanseatic cities and put through their acceptance into the German Confederation of sovereign states after the Battle of Leipzig in 1813. In the final revision of the decisions of the Congress on the rights of the Jews, Smidt - unauthorised and unconsented by the other parties - changed the text from \"The confessors of Jewish faith are preserved the rights already conceded to them in the confederal states\", by replacing the single word \"in\", which ensued serious consequences, into: \"The confessors of Jewish faith are preserved the rights already conceded to them by the confederal states.\" In the Confederation's Bundesversammlung, he battled the politics of Klemens Wenzel Lothar von Metternich, and was particularly involved in the negotiations which in 1820 established free shipping on the Weser.\nAbove all, he gave Bremen's commerce an important impulse through the foundation of Bremerhaven in 1827 and by closing advantageous trade agreements with foreign countries, through widening of consular representation, etc. In 1821 he became B\u00fcrgermeister (mayor) of Bremen and he held this post \u2014 apart from the democratic period of 1849-1852 \u2014 until his death.\nSmidt was a devout member of the Reformed church, then Bremen's state church, merged only in 1873 with Lutheran congregations to form today's Bremian Evangelical Church. He worked against tolerating other religions and denominations within the city. Inglorious was Smidt's anti-Judaism. As burgomaster, Smidt made the \"complete expulsion of the children of Israel\" an \"urgent concern of the state\" since 1821. Jews had settled within the city during its incorporation into the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia (1807-1810) and afterwards into France (1810-1813), when all inhabitants had become French citizens of equal status. All this ended in 1813/1815. Since it was the French state and not the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, which had emancipated the Jews in Bremen, the city took the altered formulation of the Viennese decisions as the legal grounds to revoke - as did a number of confederal states - the emancipation of the Jews in its territory. In 1826, Smidt had met his goal with the exception of two 'Schutzjuden' taken over from neighbouring Hanover.[1]\nAlso Bremen's Lutheran congregation, owning and using the Bremen Cathedral, experienced Smidt's steady badgering. The cathedral district, a former immunity district, used to be an extraterritorial enclave of the neighboured state of Bremen-Verden until 1803, when it was incorporated into the Free Imperial City of Bremen. As burgomaster Smidt confiscated the considerable estates of the Lutheran congregation, arguing it would be a legal non-thing, null and void. The representatives of the Lutheran congregation, led by the cathedral preacher Johann David Nicolai, started to fight for its right to exist. The fight lasted until the congregation's official recognition in 1830, asserted by a majority of Bremen's senators (government members) against the expressed will of Smidt. Smidt abused his governmental power to suppress the Lutheran congregation by way of ordinances, confiscation and public discreditation.\nSmidt dedicated himself to close cooperation between the Hanseatic cities. In 'Anerkennung der Hilfe nach dem gro\u00dfen Hamburger Brand' (acknowledgement after the great Hamburg fire) in 1843, he was named an honorary citizen of Hamburg.\nSmidt's son Heinrich Smidt (1806\u20131878), a studied lawyer, also served Bremen as senator and archivist.", "Q3592990": "\u00cd\u00f1igo Joaqu\u00edn de la Serna Hern\u00e1iz (born January 10, 1971 in Bilbao) is a Spanish politician and civil engineer. He was the Mayor of Santander between 2007 and 2016 and served as Minister of Public Works from November 4, 2016 to June 1, 2018.", "Q255342": "Rush Hour is a 1998 American action comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and written by Jim Kouf and Ross LaManna from a story by LaManna. It stars Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker as mismatched police officers who are assigned to rescue a Chinese diplomat's abducted daughter. Tzi Ma, Tom Wilkinson, Ken Leung, Mark Rolston, Elizabeth Pe\u00f1a and Rex Linn play supporting roles. Released on September 18, 1998, the film grossed over $244 million worldwide. The film's success led to two sequels: Rush Hour 2 (2001) and Rush Hour 3 (2007).", "Q351656": "Tanzan Ishibashi (\u77f3\u6a4b \u6e5b\u5c71, Ishibashi Tanzan, 25 September 1884 \u2013 25 April 1973) was a Japanese journalist and politician who was Prime Minister of Japan from 1956 to 1957. He was also Director General of the Japan Defense Agency in addition to being Prime Minister. During the same time he was the 2nd president of the Liberal Democratic Party, the majority party in the Diet. From 1952 to 1968 he was also the president of Rissho University. Being a member of Nichiren-sh\u016b, the name Tanzan is a religious name, as his profane name was Seiz\u014d (\u7701\u4e09).", "Q139552": "Clodovil Hernandes (Brazilian Portuguese: [klo'doviw e\u027e'n\u0250\u0303d\u0292is]; June 17, 1937 \u2013 March 17, 2009) was a Brazilian fashion designer, television presenter, and politician. \nHernandes made his fame as a fashion stylist during the 60s and 70s, after which he was invited to work on television. His dedication and fame on television lasted for over 40 years and various television stations. In his political career, Hernandes was known for statements deemed inappropriate, often directed at other famous personalities. Among other controversies, he was accused of racism and antisemitism. Hernandes was the first openly gay congressman in Brazil.", "Q440272": "Leon James \"Lee\" DeWyze Jr. (born April 2, 1986) is an American singer-songwriter from Mount Prospect, Illinois, and the winner of the ninth season of American Idol.\nPrior to Idol, DeWyze had a solo career and formed the Lee DeWyze Band. He had also released two independent albums called So I'm Told in 2007 and Slumberland in 2010, both on WuLi Records.\nDeWyze's first post-Idol album Live It Up was released on November 16, 2010, through RCA Records. WuLi Records, citing demand from DeWyze's fan base, released a third album of pre-Idol recordings, What Once Was, on February 14, 2012. His fifth studio album Frames was released on August 20, 2013, and his sixth album Oil & Water was released on February 12, 2016. DeWyze's seventh album titled Paranoia was released on February 16, 2018.\n\n", "Q291466": "Nora Arnezeder (born 8 May 1989) is a French actress and singer.", "Q129741": "Martin Wiley Littleton (January 12, 1872 \u2013 December 19, 1934) was an American attorney known for his involvement in a number of high-profile trials during the early 1900s, including serving as chief defense counsel for Harry Kendall Thaw at his second trial in 1908 for the murder of renowned architect Stanford White, and defending Harry Ford Sinclair, the head of Sinclair Oil, from criminal charges resulting from the Teapot Dome scandal. Littleton also served one term as United States Representative from New York from 1911 to 1913, and was borough president of Brooklyn.Littleton initially supported himself through menial labor and was largely self-educated, never attending college or law school. He eventually became one of the richest lawyers in the world, and has been mentioned as an example of a \"rags to riches\" success story in motivational books and articles.He was the father of attorney Martin W. Littleton, Jr., the district attorney of Nassau County, New York who was involved in the investigation into the death of Starr Faithfull and the murder prosecutions of Everett Applegate and Mary Frances Creighton.", "Q97041": "Annkathrin Kammeyer (born 12 January 1990) is a German Social Democratic politician and Member of the Hamburg Parliament since 7 March 2011.", "Q735133": "Ikaalinen (Swedish: Ikalis) is a town and municipality of Finland.\nIt is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The town has a population of 6,993\n(31 January 2019) and covers an area of 843.40 square kilometres (325.64 sq mi) of\nwhich 93.16 km2 (35.97 sq mi)\nis water. The population density is\n9.32 inhabitants per square kilometre (24.1/sq mi).\nThe municipalities next to it are H\u00e4meenkyr\u00f6, J\u00e4mij\u00e4rvi, Kankaanp\u00e4\u00e4, Parkano, Sastamala and Yl\u00f6j\u00e4rvi.\nThe municipality is unilingually Finnish.\nThe Seitseminen national park is partly located in the municipality.\nIkaalinen is an old tourist attraction in Finland. Its spa tradition dates back to the last century and folk music, especially accordion music is one of its traditions. Its beautiful landscape has always fascinated visitors.\nDuring the last decades Ikaalinen developed into a versatile service centre with good business, educational and recreational facilities. Today about 55% of the population earns its living from the service sector and 15% from agriculture, which has always provided an important source of income.\nS. Albert Kivinen, the associate professor of philosophy of the University of Helsinki, is the most famous living native of Ikaalinen, due to his tongue-in-the-cheek horror stories written in Lovecraftian style. His most famous fictional work, Keskiy\u00f6n Mato Ikaalisissa (\"The Midnight Worm in Ikaalinen\"), is a Lovecraftian story set in his childhood surroundings in Ikaalinen.\nIkaalinen became an independent municipality in 1641. The associated market town was founded in 1858. The market town and the municipality were united in 1972 and Ikaalinen became a town in 1977.\nThe centre of Ikaalinen is on the beautiful lake Kyr\u00f6sj\u00e4rvi nearby the highway 3 (E12).\nThe biggest industrial plants are Upofloor, Georgia Pacific Paper, E Avenue and Katsa.", "Q918490": "Firewind is a Greek power metal band. Formed in 1998, the group is currently signed to Century Media Records and was originally a small project created by guitarist Gus G. to showcase his demo, Nocturnal Symphony in 1998. Firewind later became a full band over three years later when they recorded their debut album, Between Heaven and Hell. To date, the band has released eight studio albums and has been met with international success.", "Q8652": "Miami (), officially the City of Miami, is the seat of Miami-Dade County, and the cultural, economic and financial center of South Florida in the United States. The city covers an area of about 56 square miles (150 km2) between the Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east. Miami is the sixth most densely populated major city in the United States with an estimated 2018 population of 470,914. The Miami metropolitan area is home to 6.1 million people, the second-most populous in the southeastern United States and the seventh-largest in the nation. The city has the third tallest skyline in the U.S. with over 300 high-rises, 55 of which exceed 490 ft (149 m).Miami is a major center and leader in finance, commerce, culture, arts, and international trade. The metro area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States, with a GDP of $344.9 billion as of 2017. In 2018, Miami was classified as an Alpha level global city by the GaWC. In 2019, Miami ranked seventh in the United States and 31st among global cities in terms of business activity, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement. According to a 2018 UBS study of 77 world cities, the city was ranked as the third-richest in the United States and the eighth-richest in the world in terms of purchasing power. Miami is nicknamed the \"Capital of Latin America\" and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.Greater Downtown Miami has one of the largest concentrations of international banks in the United States, and is home to many large national and international companies. The Health District is a major center for hospitals, clinics, and the biotechnology and medical research industries. PortMiami is the busiest cruise port in the world in both passenger traffic and cruise lines, and refers to itself as the \"Cruise Capital of the World\". Miami is also a major tourism hub for international visitors, ranking second in the country after New York City.", "Q98372": "Axel K\u00f6hler (born 1959 in Schwarzenberg, Saxony) is a German countertenor and opera director. In 1994, he won the Handel Prize. Since 2009, he has been Artistic Director of the Halle Opera House.", "Q234970": "Sarah Bolger (born 28 February 1991) is an Irish actress. She has starred in the films In America, Stormbreaker, The Spiderwick Chronicles and Emelie. She is also known for her role as Princess Mary Tudor in the TV series The Tudors, for which she won an IFTA award, and for her appearances as Princess Aurora in Once Upon a Time.", "Q88161": "Peter Hammerschlag (27 June 1902, Alsergrund, Vienna \u2014 1942, Auschwitz concentration camp) was an Austrian writer, surrealist poet, actor, Kabarett artist and graphic artist. He was known for his cabarets, which continue to influence the arts in Austria today, and in 2007, was honoured on the Walk of Fame of Cabaret. Hammerschlag was granted an exit permit to leave Austria for Argentina in September 1941, he was, however, unable to obtain a passport through any channels. Later that year he was put into a forced labour camp, and in 1942, he died in the Auschwitz concentration camp. His work has been on display at the City of Vienna's Jewish Museum.", "Q205575": "Batman is a 1943 black-and-white 15-chapter theatrical serial from Columbia Pictures, produced by Rudolph C. Flothow, directed by Lambert Hillyer, that stars Lewis Wilson as Batman and Douglas Croft as his sidekick Robin. The serial is based on the DC Comics character Batman, who first appeared in Detective Comics #27 in May 1939. The villain is an original character named Dr. Daka, a secret agent of the Japanese Imperial government, played by J. Carrol Naish. Rounding out the cast are Shirley Patterson as Linda Page, Bruce Wayne's love interest, and William Austin as Alfred, the Wayne Manor butler.\nThe serial's storyline involves the Batman, a secret U. S. government agent, attempting to defeat the sabotage schemes of Japanese agent Dr. Daka operating in Gotham City at the height of World War II. Serving Daka are his traitorous American henchmen.\nBatman is notable for being the first appearance on film of Batman and for debuting serial story details that quickly became permanent parts of the Batman comic's mythos: the Bat's Cave and its secret entrance through a grandfather clock inside Wayne Manor. The serial also changed the course of how Alfred Pennyworth's physical appearance was depicted in Batman stories. At the time Batman was released in theaters, Alfred was a portly gentleman in the comics. Subsequent issues suddenly portrayed Alfred as trim and sporting a thin mustache, following actor William Austin's portrayal.\nThe serial was commercially successful and in 1949, four years after World War II, spawned another Columbia chapter serial, Batman and Robin. The entire first Batman serial was re-released theatrically in 1965 as An Evening with Batman and Robin, and proved very popular (some theatres showed the chapters as a Saturday matinee). Its success inspired the action-comedy lampoon series Batman (and its 1966 theatrical feature film spin-off) starring Adam West and Burt Ward.\n\n", "Q301061": "Jeffrey Stephen \"Bebo\" Norman (born May 29, 1973) is a former contemporary Christian musician from Columbus, Georgia, US. His most successful album to date is Myself When I Am Real, which included hit songs \"Great Light of the World\" and \"Falling Down\". Other popular songs by Norman include \"Disappear\", \"Nothing Without You\", \"I Will Lift My Eyes\", and \"Borrow Mine\". He initially gained popularity when touring with another Christian band, Caedmon's Call. Norman's fans call themselves Simpletons. Norman is married to Roshare Finecey.", "Q166056": "Cardinal Jules Mazarin (, also UK: , US: , French: [\u0292yl maza\u0281\u025b\u0303]; 14 July 1602 \u2013 9 March 1661), born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino (Italian: [\u02c8d\u0292u\u02d0ljo rai\u02c8mondo mad\u02d0za\u02c8ri\u02d0no]) or Mazarini, was an Italian cardinal, diplomat and politician who served as the chief minister to the kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642 until his death in 1661. In 1654 he acquired the title Duke of Mayenne, and in 1659, 1st Duke of Rethel and Nevers.\nAfter serving as a papal diplomat for Pope Urban VIII, Mazarin offered his diplomatic services to Cardinal Richelieu and moved to Paris in 1640. Following the death of Richelieu, Mazarin took his place as first minister, and after that of Louis XIII in 1643, Mazarin acted as the head of the government for Anne of Austria, the regent for the young Louis XIV, and was also made responsible for the king's education until he came of age.\nThe first years of Mazarin in office were marked by military victories in the Thirty Years' War, which he used to make France the main European power and establish the Peace of Westphalia (1646\u201348). A major uprising against Anne of Austria and Mazarin, called the Fronde and led by the nobles of the Parliament of Paris, broke out in Paris in 1648, followed by a second Fronde led by Louis, Grand Cond\u00e9, who turned from his chief ally to his chief enemy. Mazarin took Anne of Austria and Louis XIV out of Paris, and then shifted his base to Germany for a time. Turenne, a general loyal to Louis XIV and Mazarin, defeated Cond\u00e9, and Mazarin made a triumphal return to Paris in 1653.\nThe last years of Mazarin's life, between 1657 and his death in 1661, were marked by a series of major diplomatic victories, In 1657 he made a military alliance with England. In 1658 he unveiled the League of the Rhine, a new group of fifty small German principalities which were now linked by a treaty with France. In the same month, Marshal Turenne decisively defeated the army of Cond\u00e9 at the Battle of the Dunes in Flanders. Between February and June 1659, Mazarin conducted intensive negotiations with the Spanish. On 7 November 1659 Spain signed the Treaty of the Pyrenees, which added Artois, the Cerdagne and Roussillon as new provinces of France. This was followed in June 1660 by an even more important diplomatic event carefully arranged by Mazarin; the marriage of Louis XIV with Maria Theresa of Spain. The marriage took place in Spain. The couple made a triumphant entry into Paris on 26 August 1660. This marriage and accompanying agreements ended, at least for a time, the long and costly wars between the Habsburgs and France.\nExhausted by his diplomatic efforts, Mazarin died on 9 March 1661.\nMazarin, as the actual (de facto) ruler of France, played a crucial role in establishing the Westphalian principles that would guide European states' foreign policy and the prevailing world order. Some of these principles, such as the nation state's sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs and the legal equality among states, remain the basis of international law to this day.\nIn addition to his diplomacy, Mazarin was an important patron of the arts. He introduced Italian opera on a grand scale to Paris, and assembled a remarkable art collection, much of which today can be seen in the Louvre. He also founded the Biblioth\u00e8que Mazarine, the first true public library in France, which is now found in the Institut de France, across the Seine from the Louvre.", "Q667661": "Literary realism is part of the realist art movement beginning with mid-nineteenth-century French literature (Stendhal), and Russian literature (Alexander Pushkin) and extending to the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Literary realism attempts to represent familiar things as they are. Realist authors chose to depict everyday and banal activities and experiences, instead of using a romanticized or similarly stylized presentation.", "Q44219": "Julianna Baggott (born 30 September 1969) is a novelist, essayist, and poet who also writes under the pen names Bridget Asher and N.E. Bode. She is an associate professor at Florida State University's College of Motion Picture Arts. She is a 2013 recipient of the Alex Awards.", "Q400": "Jenna Jameson (born Jenna Marie Massoli; April 9, 1974) is an American model, former pornographic film actress, businesswoman, writer, and television personality. She has been named the world's most famous adult entertainment performer and \"The Queen of Porn\".She started acting in erotic videos in 1993 after having worked as a stripper and glamor model. By 1996, she had won the \"top newcomer\" award from each of the three major adult movie organizations. She has since won more than 35 adult-video awards, and has been inducted into the X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO) and Adult Video News (AVN) Halls of Fame.Jameson founded the adult-entertainment company ClubJenna in 2000 with Jay Grdina, whom she later married and divorced. Initially, a single website, this business expanded into managing similar websites of other stars and began producing sexually explicit videos in 2001. The first such movie, Briana Loves Jenna (with Briana Banks), was named at the 2003 AVN Awards as the best-selling and best-renting pornographic title for 2002. By 2005, ClubJenna had revenues of US$30 million with profits estimated at half that. Advertisements for her site and films, often bearing her picture, have towered on a 48-foot-tall billboard in New York City's Times Square.Jameson has also crossed over into mainstream pop culture, starting with a minor role in Howard Stern's 1997 film Private Parts. Her mainstream appearances continued with several guest-hosting and guest-starring on various television programs. Playboy TV hosted her Jenna's American Sex Star reality show, in which aspiring porn stars competed for a ClubJenna contract. Her 2004 autobiography, How to Make Love Like a Porn Star: A Cautionary Tale, spent six weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list.Jameson announced her retirement from pornography at the 2008 AVN Awards, stating that she would never return to the industry. Although she no longer performs in pornographic films, she has been working as a webcam model since 2013.\n\n", "Q486341": "Kufstein is a town in the Austrian state of Tyrol, the administrative seat of Kufstein District. With a population of about 18,400, it is the second largest Tyrolean town after the state capital Innsbruck. The greatest landmark is Kufstein Fortress, first mentioned in the 13th century.", "Q57503": "Franz Seldte (29 June 1882 \u2013 1 April 1947) was a German politician who served as the Reich Minister for Labour from 1933 to 1945. Prior to his ministry, Seldte served as the Federal Leader of Der Stahlhelm World War I ex-servicemen's organisation from 1918 to 1934. Ideologically, he identified as a national conservative.", "Q66906": "Stein is a former municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. The municipalities of Nesslau-Krummenau and Stein merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Nesslau.", "Q4068": "Stolberg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283t\u0254lb\u025b\u0281k]; K\u00f6lsch: Stolbersch) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It has a long history as an industrial town and belongs to the district Aachen and the lower district court of Eschweiler.", "Q201713": "The Last of Mrs. Cheyney is a 1937 American comedy-drama film adapted from the 1925 play of the same name, written by Frederick Lonsdale. The film tells the story of a chic jewel thief in England, who falls in love with one of her marks. \nThe movie stars Joan Crawford, William Powell, Robert Montgomery and Frank Morgan. When director Richard Boleslawski died suddenly in the middle of production, George Fitzmaurice took over, and when he became ill, the film was finally completed by Dorothy Arzner. Both Fitzmaurice and Arzner were uncredited.\nTwo other versions of the film were made, one in 1929 with the same title, starring Norma Shearer, and another in 1951, as The Law and the Lady, starring Greer Garson.\n\n", "Q266788": "Cristi\u00e1n de la Fuente (Spanish pronunciation: [k\u027eis\u02c8tj\u00e3n \u00f0e la \u02c8fw\u1ebdnte]; born as Cristi\u00e1n Andr\u00e9s de la Fuente Sabarots on March 10, 1974 in Santiago de Chile, Chile) is a Chilean\u2013American actor, presenter, model and producer.", "Q10648": "James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 to 2010. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1997 to 2007. Brown was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1983 to 2015, first for Dunfermline East and later for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath. \nA doctoral graduate, Brown read history at the University of Edinburgh, where he was elected Rector of the University of Edinburgh in 1972. He spent his early career working as both a lecturer at a further education college and a television journalist. He entered Parliament in 1983 as the MP for Dunfermline East. He joined the Shadow Cabinet in 1989 as Shadow Secretary of State for Trade, and was later promoted to become Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1992. After Labour's victory in 1997, he was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer, becoming the longest-serving holder of that office in modern history.\nBrown's tenure as Chancellor was marked by major reform of Britain's monetary and fiscal policy architecture, transferring interest rate setting powers to the Bank of England, by a wide extension of the powers of the Treasury to cover much domestic policy and by transferring responsibility for banking supervision to the Financial Services Authority. Controversial moves included the abolition of advance corporation tax (ACT) relief in his first budget, and the removal in his final budget of the 10% \"starting rate\" of personal income tax which he had introduced in 1999. Tony Blair resigned as Prime Minister and Labour Leader in 2007, and Brown was chosen to replace him in an uncontested election.\nAfter initial rises in opinion polls following Brown becoming Prime Minister, Labour's popularity declined with the onset of a recession in 2008, leading to poor results in the local and European elections in 2009. A year later, Labour lost 91 seats in the House of Commons at the 2010 general election, the party's biggest loss of seats in a single general election since 1931, making the Conservatives the largest party in a hung parliament. Brown remained in office as Labour negotiated to form a coalition government with the Liberal Democrats. On 10 May 2010, Brown announced he would stand down as leader of the Labour Party, and instructed the party to put into motion the processes to elect a new leader. Labour's attempts to retain power failed and on 11 May, he officially resigned as Prime Minister and Leader of the Labour Party. He was succeeded as Prime Minister by David Cameron, and as Leader of the Labour Party by Ed Miliband. Brown later played a prominent role in the campaign to maintain the union during the 2014 Scottish independence referendum.", "Q1649955": "Katie Scarlett O'Hara is a fictional character and the protagonist in Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel Gone with the Wind and in the later film of the same name, where she is portrayed by Vivien Leigh. She also is the main character in the 1970 musical Scarlett and the 1991 book Scarlett, a sequel to Gone with the Wind that was written by Alexandra Ripley and adapted for a television mini-series in 1994. During early drafts of the original novel, Mitchell referred to her heroine as \"Pansy,\" and did not decide on the name \"Scarlett\" until just before the novel went to print.\n\n", "Q154782": "Adelbert von Chamisso (German pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u02d0dl\u0329b\u025b\u0281t f\u0254n \u0283a\u02c8m\u026aso]; 30 January 1781 \u2013 21 August 1838) was a German poet and botanist, author of Peter Schlemihl, a famous story about a man who sold his shadow. He was commonly known in French as Adelbert de Chamisso (or Chamissot) de Boncourt, a name referring to the family estate at Boncourt.", "Q122614": "Ren\u00e9e Kathleen Zellweger\n(; born April 25, 1969) is an American actress and producer. She has received numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, and two BAFTA Awards. Zellweger was one of the world's highest-paid actresses by 2007 and was named Hasty Pudding Theatricals' Woman of the Year in 2009.Born in Texas, Zellweger studied English Literature at UT Austin. Initially aspiring to a career in journalism, she was drawn to acting following her brief work on stage during college. Following her film debut with a minor role in Richard Linklater's Dazed and Confused (1993), Zellweger's first starring role came with the slasher film Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1994). Receiving praise for her performances in the independent films Love and a .45 (1994) and The Whole Wide World (1996), Zellweger rose to prominence with starring roles in Jerry Maguire (1996), One True Thing (1998), Me, Myself and Irene (2000), and Nurse Betty (2000), winning her first Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for the lattermost. For her portrayals of Bridget Jones in the romantic comedy Bridget Jones's Diary (2001) and Roxie Hart in the musical crime drama Chicago (2002), she garnered consecutive nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She reprised her role as Jones in two equally successful sequels, Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (2004) and Bridget Jones's Baby (2016).\nZellweger won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing a loquacious farmer in the epic drama Cold Mountain (2003), and followed this with her portrayals of Mae Fox in Cinderella Man (2005) and author Beatrix Potter in Miss Potter (2006). After starring roles in smaller scale films, such as Appaloosa (2008) and Case 39 (2009), she had a six-year hiatus from the screen. In 2019, Zellweger starred in the Netflix anthology series What/If and garnered critical acclaim for her portrayal of Judy Garland in the biopic Judy, winning the Academy Award for Best Actress.", "Q391314": "Madge Bellamy (born Margaret Derden Philpott; June 30, 1899 \u2013 January 24, 1990) was an American stage and film actress. She was a popular leading lady in the 1920s and early 1930s. Her career declined in the sound era and ended following a romantic scandal in the 1940s.", "Q269450": "Suffocation is an American death metal band formed in 1988 in Centereach, New York. The band consists of lead guitarist Terrance Hobbs, bassist Derek Boyer, rhythm guitarist Charlie Errigo, drummer Eric Morotti, and vocalist Ricky Myers. Suffocation rose to prominence with their 1991 debut album Effigy of the Forgotten, which became a blueprint for death metal in the 1990s. Since then, the band has released a further seven albums. Their raw death metal style uses growled vocals with a downtuned guitar, fast and complex guitar riffs and drumming, open chord notes, occasional breakdowns (slams), and a sophisticated sense of songwriting.", "Q84968": "Ludwig Chronegk (3 November 1837, Brandenburg an der Havel \u2013 8 July 1891, Meiningen) was a German actor and director. He headed the Meiningen Ensemble and reformed theatre direction principles.", "Q5932206": "Hugh Potter Baker (January 20, 1878 \u2013 May 24, 1950) was a graduate of the Michigan State College of Agriculture; Yale's School of Forestry (M.F., 1904); and the University of Munich (Ph.D., Economics, 1910). He was the second and fourth Dean of the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University, from 1912 to 1920 and 1930 to 1933.\nBaker previously had worked with Gifford Pinchot at the United States Bureau of Forestry and Forest Service (1901\u201304). Immediately before coming to Syracuse, Baker was Professor of Forestry at the Pennsylvania State College.After his second stint as Dean of the College of Forestry, Baker went on to become President of Massachusetts State College (1933\u201347), presently known as the University of Massachusetts Amherst.\n\n", "Q4529192": "Pyotr Ivanovich Shchukin (1853 - 12 October 1912) was an art collector who built an important collection of Russian ancient art and artifacts and owned several impressionist masterpieces.", "Q105240": "Georg Merz (26 January 1793 \u2013 12 January 1867) was a Bavarian optician and manufacturer of astronomical telescopes and other optical instruments.", "Q66735": "Paul Giesler (15 June 1895 \u2013 8 May 1945) was a German Nazi Party functionary. He first joined the NSDAP (Nazi Party) in 1922, and reenrolled on 1 January 1928 with Party number 72,741. From 1941 Gauleiter of Westphalia-South (Westfalen-S\u00fcd) and as of 1942 also acting Gauleiter of the Gau Munich-Upper Bavaria (Gau M\u00fcnchen-Oberbayern). He was from 2 November 1942 to 28 April 1945 the Premier (Ministerpr\u00e4sident) of Bavaria.", "Q1797768": "Kenyon College is a private liberal arts college in Gambier, Ohio. It was founded in 1824 by Philander Chase. Kenyon College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.Kenyon has 1,708 undergraduates enrolled. Its 1,000-acre campus is set in a rural setting and uses a semester-based academic calendar. The campus is home to the Brown Family Environmental Center (BFEC), which has over 380 acres and hosts seven different ecosystems. The BFEC also provides academic opportunities including the Summer Science Scholars program. There are more than 120 student clubs and organizations on campus, including 12 fraternities and sororities. Kenyon athletes are called Lords and Ladies which compete in the NCAA Division III North Coast Athletic Conference. According to 2018 U.S. News & World Report rankings, Kenyon had 13th best undergraduate teaching in the U.S.Despite its small size, Kenyon's alumni have gone on to make advances in their field. Notable alumni include six Rhodes Scholars, 10 Marshall Scholarship winners, 12 Truman Scholarship winners, and numerous Watson Fellowship holders and Fulbright scholarship recipients. Famous graduates include U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes, Swedish prime minister Olof Palme, U.S. Supreme Court Justice David Davis, actors Paul Newman and Allison Janney, University of Texas basketball coach Shaka Smart, cartoonist Bill Watterson, and writers Josh Radnor, John Green, and E. L. Doctorow.", "Q2262244": "Sean Patrick Maloney (born July 30, 1966) is an American politician serving as the U.S. Representative for New York's 18th congressional district since 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was a candidate for New York Attorney General in the 2018 election, losing to Letitia James in the Democratic primary.\nBorn in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, and raised in Hanover, New Hampshire, Maloney earned his Bachelor of Arts and Juris Doctor from the University of Virginia. He entered politics as a volunteer for Bill Clinton's presidential campaigns, and later served as his senior West Wing adviser and White House Staff Secretary.\nPrior to being elected to Congress, Maloney worked as an executive at a software company and as an attorney. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2012, defeating Republican incumbent Nan Hayworth. He campaigned for the election as a moderate and is a member of the New Democrat Coalition. He is the first openly gay person elected to Congress from New York.", "Q453583": "Julian Alexander Bream, CBE (born 15 July 1933), is an English virtuoso classical guitarist and lutenist. One of the most distinguished classical guitarists of the 20th century, he played a significant role in improving the public perception of the classical guitar as a respectable instrument.", "Q71249": "Konstantin von H\u00f6fler was a German church and general historian, publicist, ennobled anti-nationalist politician and poet.", "Q259593": "Paulo Branco (born 3 June 1950) is a Portuguese film producer.", "Q153006": "The Free University of Berlin (German: Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, often abbreviated as FU Berlin or simply FU) is a research university in Berlin, Germany. One of Germany's most distinguished universities, it is known for its research into the humanities, and social sciences, as well as into the natural and life sciences.\nThe Free University was founded in West Berlin in 1948 with American support during the early Cold War period as a de facto western continuation of the Frederick William University, which was in East Berlin and faced strong communist repression; its name refers to West Berlin's status as part of the Western Free World, in contrast to the communist-controlled university in East Berlin.\nThe Free University of Berlin is one of eleven German elite universities in the German Universities Excellence Initiative.\nIn 2008, in a joint effort, The Free University of Berlin, along with the Hertie School of Governance, and WZB Social Science Research Center Berlin, created the Berlin Graduate School for Transnational Studies.\n\n", "Q69406": "Karl Sigmund Franz Freiherr vom Stein zum Altenstein (1 October 1770, Schalkhausen near Ansbach \u2013 14 May 1840, Berlin) was a Prussian politician and the first Prussian education minister. His most lasting impact was the reform of the Prussian educational system.\nThe Altensteins were descended from a long-established Frankish noble family, whose family seat of Altenstein Castle was located on a ridge between Ebern and Maroldsweisach. Karl was born in 1770 as the son of the count-hussar captain and chamberlin Ernst Freiherr von Stein zum Altenstein of the Ostheim vor der Rh\u00f6n branch of the family, and his mother was Juliana Philippina Wilhelmina Freiin von Adelsheim, Ernsts's second wife. Karl was born in their castle at Oberm\u00f6rgerscheimp. After his education at the gymnasium and corps, he studied law in Erlangen, in 1790 in G\u00f6ttingen, and later in Jena.\nIn 1793, he joined the referendary of the Prussian war and council chamber. His overseer, Karl August von Hardenberg, quickly recognized his talent and encouraged him to join the diplomatic corps. In 1799, he went with Hardenberg to Berlin where he worked for as a Ministerialrat and later became a senior financial officer for the general directorate. As a result of Prussia's losses in the Fourth Coalition War of the Napoleonic Wars at the battle of Jena-Auerstedt, he went with Hardenberg in 1806 to Tilsit to work on the Prussian Reforms.\nPlans for insurrection against the French occupation stalled the state minister Karl Freiherr vom Stein's reform plans. In 1808, Altenstein became his successor as the head of administration of Fiance. He could not prevail against the forces set in motion by his predecessor to introduce reform so he continued them with the same energy. In 1810, Prussia could no longer afford the reparations agreed to in the Peace of Tilsit. Altenstein suggested the cessation of Silesia to France and so was dismissed in June by King Friedrich Wilhelm III at the instigation of Hardenberg.\nAfter his release, he went to Breslau where he was appointed civil governor of Silesia in 1813. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, he, together with Wilhelm von Humboldt in Paris, reclaimed treasures that had been confiscated by Napoleon.\nIn 1817, he took over as head of the newly formed Ministry of Culture, again answering to Hardenberg, now State Chancellor. He was charged with the political responsibility of refounding the Evangelical Church in Prussia. In the next 20 years he reformed the Prussian schools, radically changing education. He is credited with the first \"humanistic\" school of education and the University of Bonn in 1818. With the Education Act of 1819, he developed a master plan for the system that still persists today: a multi-unit school system with a differentiation between primary and secondary education. In 1825, he extended compulsory education to the entire country, and in 1834, he introduced a mandatory curriculum for Gymansiums. In subsequent years, he fought for the education system to be independent of the church.\nHe retired in 1838 because of declining health and died in 1840. He is buried in Berlin at the Dreifaltigkeitskirchhof II.", "Q95865": "Philipp Wilhelm Jung (16 September 1884 \u2013 9 September 1965) was a German Nazi politician.\nJung was born in Nieder-Fl\u00f6rsheim in the Grand Duchy of Hesse as the son of an elementary school teacher. He earned a doctoral degree in law.Jung joined the SA in 1927 and the Nazi party in 1930. In 1933, after the Nazi Machtergreifung, he became president of the Hessian parliament. After the dismissal of Wilhelm Ehrhard by the Nazis, Jung was appointed provisional mayor of the city of Mainz. Already in Mai 1933 he was displaced by Robert Barth. He was prime minister of the People's State of Hesse from September 1933 until March 1935 when this function was taken over by Jakob Sprenger. During World War II Jung was the mayor of Vienna (1940\u20131943).\nJung died in Worms, West Germany in 1965.", "Q260312": "Dorothy Gibson (May 17, 1889 \u2013 February 17, 1946) was a pioneering American silent film actress, artist's model, and singer active in the early 20th century. She is best remembered as a survivor of the sinking of the Titanic and for starring in the first motion picture based on the disaster.\n\n", "Q68718": "Treycovagnes is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q152318": "Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya (Russian: \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f; born 8 August 1948) is a retired Soviet aviator and cosmonaut who flew aboard Soyuz T-7 in 1982, becoming the second woman in space. On her 1984 Soyuz T-12 mission she became the first woman to fly to space twice, and the first woman to perform a spacewalk.\nShe set several FAI world records as a pilot.", "Q181140": "Rachel Anne Griffiths (born 1968) is an Australian actress and director. Raised primarily in Melbourne, she began her acting career appearing on the Australian series Secrets before being cast in a supporting role in the comedy Muriel's Wedding (1994), which earned her an AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. In 1997, she was the lead in Nadia Tass's drama Amy. She had a role opposite Julia Roberts in the American romantic comedy My Best Friend's Wedding (1997), followed by her role as Hilary du Pr\u00e9 in Hilary and Jackie (1998), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.\nFrom 2001 to 2005, Griffiths portrayed masseuse Brenda Chenowith in the HBO series Six Feet Under, for which she earned a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in 2002. She would subsequently appear on television as Sarah Walker Laurent on the ABC drama series Brothers & Sisters from 2006 to 2011, for which she was nominated for multiple Primetime Emmy Awards.\nShe has also had roles in the films Blow (2001), portraying the mother of George Jung; the historical drama Ned Kelly (2003); Step Up (2006), and the Julian Assange television biopic Underground: The Julian Assange Story (2012). In 2016, she appeared in a supporting role in Mel Gibson's biographical war drama Hacksaw Ridge, and in the docudrama miniseries When We Rise, written by Dustin Lance Black.\nOnstage, Griffiths appeared in a Melbourne-based production of Proof in 2002, which earned her a Helpmann Award, and later made her Broadway debut in a 2011 critically acclaimed production of Other Desert Cities. In addition to acting, she made her directorial debut with the short film Tulip in 1998, and has directed several episodes of the Australian television series Nowhere Boys and the British drama series Indian Summers in 2015 and 2016, respectively.", "Q270101": "Dead Tone (originally released as 7eventy 5ive) is a 2007 American slasher film directed and written by Brian Hooks and Deon Taylor. It stars Hooks, Antwon Tanner, Cherie Johnson, Rutger Hauer, German Legarreta, Gwendoline Yeo and Aimee Garcia.", "Q4083": "Eschweiler (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025b\u0283va\u026al\u0250]) is a municipality in the district of Aachen in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany on the river Inde, near the German-Belgian-Dutch frontier, and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Aachen and 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Cologne.\n\n", "Q236154": "Paulina Porizkova (born Pavl\u00edna Po\u0159\u00edzkov\u00e1; Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8pavli\u02d0na \u02c8por\u031di\u02d0skova\u02d0]; 9 April 1965) is a model, actress and author. Born in Czechoslovakia, she now holds dual U.S. and Swedish citizenship.\nAt 18 years old, in 1984, she became the first woman from Central Europe to be on the cover of the Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue. She was the second woman (after Christie Brinkley) to be featured on the swimsuit issue's front cover in consecutive years (1984 and 1985). She was part of the judging panel of America's Next Top Model in Cycles 10\u201312.", "Q113422": "Diane de France, suo jure Duchess of Angoul\u00eame (25 July 1538 \u2013 11 January 1619) was the natural (illegitimate) daughter of Henry II, King of France, and his Piedmontese mistress Filippa Duci. Disproven sources claim that she was the daughter of Diane de Poitiers, because the latter was already Henry II's mistress by the time she brought up the little girl under her care.\nDiane was born in Paris during 1538 and was formally legitimised in 1547. She was married on 14 February 1552 to Orazio Farnese, Duke of Castro, but was later widowed in 1553 after Orazio was killed in battle at Hesdin. Diane's second marriage was to Francis de Montmorency in 1559, who was the eldest son of Anne, Constable of France. Diane was widowed for a second time in 1579, after helping her to make her husband a leader of the politiques, a moderate Roman Catholic group in France.\nDiane became a favourite of Henry III, King of France, who made her Duchess of Angoul\u00eame in appanage (during her lifetime only) during 1582. Diane also enjoyed much respect at the court of Henry IV, King of France, and superintended the education of his son Louis XIII. She was known to sing and could play the lute and other musical instruments.Diane died on 11 January 1619 in Paris. Her surviving letters reveal her as a woman of great courage and tolerance.", "Q374415": "Kartal Tibet (born 27 March 1938) is a Turkish actor and film director. Some of his famous films include \u00d6lmeyen A\u015fk, Da\u011flar K\u0131z\u0131, Senede Bir G\u00fcn, Sultan, Z\u00fcb\u00fck, Gol Kral\u0131, and \u015ealvar Davas\u0131. Tibet is also known for his action roles, especially that of the title series.", "Q1396681": "Farid Zoland (Persian: \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u200e, Pashto: \u0681\u064e\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u200e; also romanized as Zaland) (born 1 September 1951 in Kabul) is an Afghan songwriter and composer. Throughout his career he has collaborated with many musicians from other countries, most notably from Iran.\n\n", "Q108764": "Rev.Otto Faller SJ (18 February 1889 \u2013 16 May 1971) was Provincial Superior of the Jesuit order in Germany, educator, teacher and Dean at Stella Matutina in Feldkirch, Austria and Kolleg St. Blasien in Germany, professor of patristic studies at the Gregorian University. He was lifelong editor of the works of St. Ambrose. At the request of Pope Pius XII, he contributed to the preparation of the dogma of the assumption of Mary and organized new Papal charity and Papal refugee offices during World War II.", "Q182449": "The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (\u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0301\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b: Nar\u00f3dnyiy Komissari\u00e1t Vn\u00fatrennikh Del; Russian pronunciation: [n\u0250\u02c8rod.n\u0268j k\u0259.m\u02b2\u026a.s\u0259.r\u02b2\u026a\u02c8at \u02c8vnut.r\u02b2\u026a.n\u02b2\u026ax\u032c d\u02b2el]), abbreviated NKVD (\u041d\u041a\u0412\u0414 listen ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.\nEstablished in 1917 as NKVD of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the agency was originally tasked with conducting regular police work and overseeing the country's prisons and labor camps. It was disbanded in 1930, with its functions being dispersed among other agencies, only to be reinstated as an all-union ministry in 1934.The functions of the OGPU (the secret police organization) were transferred to the NKVD in 1934, giving it a monopoly over law enforcement activities that lasted until the end of World War II. During this period, the NKVD included both ordinary public order activities, as well as secret police activities. The NKVD is known for its role in political repression and for carrying out the Great Purge under Joseph Stalin. It was led by Genrikh Yagoda, Nikolai Yezhov and Lavrentiy Beria.The NKVD undertook mass extrajudicial executions of untold numbers of citizens, and conceived, populated and administered the Gulag system of forced labour camps. Their agents were responsible for the repression of the wealthier peasantry, as well as the mass deportations of entire nationalities to uninhabited regions of the country. They oversaw the protection of Soviet borders and espionage (which included political assassinations), and enforced Soviet policy in communist movements and puppet governments in other countries, most notably the repression and massacres in Poland.In March 1946 all People's Commissariats were renamed to Ministries, and the NKVD became the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD).", "Q117644": "Sergey Rost (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0442, real name Sergey Anatolyevich Titivin (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043d); born March 3, 1965, Leningrad, RSFSR, USSR) is a Russian actor, screenwriter, television and radio.", "Q956072": "SDCCU Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in San Diego, California, United States. The stadium opened in 1967 as San Diego Stadium and was known as Jack Murphy Stadium from 1981 to 1997. From 1997 to 2017, the stadium's naming rights were owned by San Diego-based telecommunications equipment company Qualcomm, and the stadium was known as Qualcomm Stadium. The naming rights expired on June 14, 2017 and was purchased by San Diego County Credit Union renaming the facility as SDCCU Stadium on September 19, 2017.It is the home of the San Diego State Aztecs football team from San Diego State University. One college football bowl game, the Holiday Bowl, is held in the stadium every December. It was briefly also the home of the San Diego Fleet of the Alliance of American Football in early 2019. The stadium was the longtime home of two professional franchises: the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL) and the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball (MLB). The Chargers played at the stadium from 1967 through the 2016 season, after which they moved to Los Angeles to become the Los Angeles Chargers. The Padres played home games at the stadium from their founding in 1969 through the 2003 season, when they moved to Petco Park in downtown San Diego. The stadium was also home to a second college bowl game, the Poinsettia Bowl, from 2005 until its discontinuation following the 2016 edition.\nThe stadium has hosted three Super Bowls: Super Bowl XXII in 1988, Super Bowl XXXII in 1998, and Super Bowl XXXVII in 2003. It has also hosted the 1978 and 1992 Major League Baseball All-Star Games, as well as games of the 1996 and 1998 National League Division Series, the 1984 and 1998 National League Championship Series, and the 1984 and 1998 World Series. It is the only stadium ever to host both the Super Bowl and the World Series in the same year (1998), and it is one of three stadiums to host the World Series, the MLB All-Star Game, and the Super Bowl, along with the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis and Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles.\nThe stadium is located immediately northwest of the interchange of Interstates 8 and 15. The neighborhood surrounding the stadium is known as Mission Valley, in reference to the Mission San Diego de Alcal\u00e1, which is located to the east, and its placement in the valley of the San Diego River. The stadium is served by the Stadium station of the San Diego Trolley, accessible via the Green Line running toward Downtown San Diego to the west, and Santee to the east.", "Q253900": "Masami Nagasawa (\u9577\u6fa4 \u307e\u3055\u307f, Nagasawa Masami, born June 3, 1987) is a Japanese actress and model. She won several awards, including a Japan Academy Prize, a Mainichi Film Award and a Blue Ribbon Award.", "Q215955": "Otto R\u00fchle (23 October 1874 \u2013 24 June 1943) was a German Marxist active in opposition to both the First and Second World Wars as well as a student of Alfred Adler.", "Q62553": "Albert Maria Joseph Maximilian Lamoral, 8th Prince of Thurn and Taxis (full German name: Albert Maria Joseph Maximilian Lamoral F\u00fcrst von Thurn und Taxis; 8 May 1867 \u2013 22 January 1952) was the eighth Prince of Thurn and Taxis and Head of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis from 2 June 1885 until his death on 22 January 1952.", "Q659764": "Porrentruy District (German: Pruntrut) is one of the three districts of the canton of Jura, Switzerland. Its capital is the town of Porrentruy. The French-speaking district has a population of 24,440 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q1770695": "Hindustani classical music is the art music of northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. It may also be called North Indian classical music or \u015a\u0101striya Sa\u1e45g\u012bt. Its origins date from the 12th century CE, when it diverged from Carnatic music, the classical tradition of southern regions of the Indian subcontinent.", "Q6694": "Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 1769 \u2013 6 May 1859) was a Prussian polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher, and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767\u20131835). Humboldt's quantitative work on botanical geography laid the foundation for the field of biogeography. Humboldt's advocacy of long-term systematic geophysical measurement laid the foundation for modern geomagnetic and meteorological monitoring.Between 1799 and 1804, Humboldt travelled extensively in the Americas, exploring and describing them for the first time from a modern scientific point of view. His description of the journey was written up and published in an enormous set of volumes over 21 years. Humboldt was one of the first people to propose that the lands bordering the Atlantic Ocean were once joined (South America and Africa in particular). Humboldt resurrected the use of the word cosmos from the ancient Greek and assigned it to his multivolume treatise, Kosmos, in which he sought to unify diverse branches of scientific knowledge and culture. This important work also motivated a holistic perception of the universe as one interacting entity. He was the first person to describe the phenomenon and cause of human-induced climate change, in 1800 and again in 1831, based on observations generated during his travels.", "Q234743": "Puteaux (French pronunciation: \u200b[pyto]) is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located in the heart of the Hauts-de-Seine department, 8.7 kilometres (5.4 mi) from the centre of Paris. In 2016, it had a population of 44,941.\nLa D\u00e9fense, Paris's business district hosting the tallest buildings in the metropolitan area, spreads over the northern part of Puteaux and parts of the neighbouring communes Courbevoie and Nanterre. The inhabitants of Puteaux are called Put\u00e9oliens in French.", "Q88834": "Helmut Kuhne (born 6 September 1949, in Soest) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 until 2009. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Socialist Group.\nDuring his time in parliament, Kuhne sat on the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was also a member of the Delegation for relations with the United States.", "Q223559": "Robin Hood is a 2010 epic historical drama film based on the Robin Hood legend, directed by Ridley Scott and starring Russell Crowe, Cate Blanchett, William Hurt, Mark Strong, Mark Addy, Oscar Isaac, Danny Huston, Eileen Atkins, and Max von Sydow. It was released in 12 countries on 12 May 2010, including the United Kingdom and Ireland and was also the opening film at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival the same day. It was released in a further 23 countries the following day, among them Australia, and an additional 17 countries on 14 May 2010, among them the United States and Canada. The film received mixed reviews and grossed $321.7 million against its $200 million budget, thus being considered a box office disappointment.", "Q272070": "Jacqueline Danell Obradors (born October 6, 1966) is an American actress. She has appeared in films such as Six Days, Seven Nights (1998), Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo (1999), Tortilla Soup (2001), A Man Apart (2003) and Unstoppable (2004). On television, Obradors is known for her role as Det. Rita Ortiz in the ABC crime drama series NYPD Blue (2001\u20132005).", "Q183031": "Gary Edward \"Garrison\" Keillor (born August 7, 1942) is an American author, storyteller, humorist, voice actor, and radio personality. He is best known as the creator of the Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) show A Prairie Home Companion (called Garrison Keillor's Radio Show in some international syndication), which he hosted from 1974 to 2016. Keillor created the fictional Minnesota town Lake Wobegon, the setting of many of his books, including Lake Wobegon Days and Leaving Home: A Collection of Lake Wobegon Stories. Other creations include Guy Noir, a detective voiced by Keillor who appeared in A Prairie Home Companion comic skits. Keillor is also the creator of the five-minute daily radio/podcast program The Writer's Almanac, which pairs one or two poems of his choice with a script about important literary, historical, and scientific events that coincided with that date in history.\nIn November 2017, Minnesota Public Radio cut all business ties with Keillor after an allegation of inappropriate behavior with a freelance writer for A Prairie Home Companion. On April 13, 2018, MPR and Keillor announced a settlement that allows archives of A Prairie Home Companion and The Writer's Almanac to be publicly available again, and soon thereafter, Keillor began publishing new episodes of The Writer's Almanac on his website.", "Q1739295": "Kermit \"Kim\" Roosevelt Jr. (February 16, 1916 \u2013 June 8, 2000), a grandson of U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt, was a career intelligence officer who served in the Office of Strategic Services, forerunner to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), during and following the Second World War, went on to found Arabist organizations such as the American Friends of the Middle East, and then to play the lead role in the CIA-sponsored overthrow of Mohammad Mossadegh, the Majlis-appointed leader of Iran, in August 1953.", "Q296484": "Cory Allan Michael Monteith (; May 11, 1982 \u2013 July 13, 2013) was a Canadian actor, singer, and musician who was best known for his role as Finn Hudson on the Fox television series Glee. As an actor based in British Columbia, Monteith had minor roles on television series before being cast on Glee. During his success in that show, Monteith's film work included Monte Carlo and a starring role in Sisters & Brothers (both 2011).\nMonteith had a troubled adolescence involving substance abuse from age 13; he left school at age 16. After an intervention by family and friends, he entered drug rehabilitation at age 19. In a 2011 interview with Parade magazine, he discussed his history of substance abuse as a teen, and in March 2013, he again sought treatment for addiction. On July 13, 2013, he died of a toxic combination of heroin and alcohol in a Vancouver hotel room.", "Q447290": "John Peter Gassiot FRS (2 April 1797 \u2013 15 August 1877) [also Gassiott] was an English businessman and amateur scientist. He was particularly associated with public demonstrations of electrical phenomena and the development of the Royal Society.", "Q121490": "Lloyd Groff Copeman (December 28, 1881 \u2013 July 5, 1956) was an American inventor who devised the first electric stove and the flexible rubber ice cube tray, among other products. He had nearly 700 patents to his name, and he claimed that he could walk into any store and find one of his inventions.", "Q7631235": "Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyay (Bengali: \u09b8\u09c1\u09ad\u09be\u09b7 \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc) (16 January 1931 \u2013 19 June 1981) was an Indian Bengali scientist, physician from Hazaribagh, Bihar (now in Jharkhand), India, who created the world's second and India's first child using in-vitro fertilisation. Kanupriya Agarwal (Durga), who was born in 1978, just 67 days after the first IVF baby in United Kingdom. Afterwards, Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyay was harassed by the then West Bengal state government and Indian Government and not allowed to share his achievements with the international scientific community. Dejected, he committed suicide on 19 June 1981.His life and death has been the subject of countless newspaper reviews and inspired the Hindi movie Ek Doctor Ki Maut (Death of a physician), directed by Tapan Sinha.", "Q101740": "Benoit B.\u2009 Mandelbrot\u2009 (20 November 1924 \u2013 14 October 2010) was a Polish-born, French and American mathematician and polymath with broad interests in the practical sciences, especially regarding what he labeled as \"the art of roughness\" of physical phenomena and \"the uncontrolled element in life\". He referred to himself as a \"fractalist\" and is recognized for his contribution to the field of fractal geometry, which included coining the word \"fractal\", as well as developing a theory of \"roughness and self-similarity\" in nature.In 1936, while he was a child, Mandelbrot's family emigrated to France from Warsaw, Poland. After World War II ended, Mandelbrot studied mathematics, graduating from universities in Paris and the United States and receiving a master's degree in aeronautics from the California Institute of Technology. He spent most of his career in both the United States and France, having dual French and American citizenship. In 1958, he began a 35-year career at IBM, where he became an IBM Fellow, and periodically took leaves of absence to teach at Harvard University. At Harvard, following the publication of his study of U.S. commodity markets in relation to cotton futures, he taught economics and applied sciences.\nBecause of his access to IBM's computers, Mandelbrot was one of the first to use computer graphics to create and display fractal geometric images, leading to his discovery of the Mandelbrot set in 1980. He showed how visual complexity can be created from simple rules. He said that things typically considered to be \"rough\", a \"mess\" or \"chaotic\", like clouds or shorelines, actually had a \"degree of order\". His math and geometry-centered research career included contributions to such fields as statistical physics, meteorology, hydrology, geomorphology, anatomy, taxonomy, neurology, linguistics, information technology, computer graphics, economics, geology, medicine, physical cosmology, engineering, chaos theory, econophysics, metallurgy and the social sciences.Toward the end of his career, he was Sterling Professor of Mathematical Sciences at Yale University, where he was the oldest professor in Yale's history to receive tenure. Mandelbrot also held positions at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Lille Nord de France, Institute for Advanced Study and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. During his career, he received over 15 honorary doctorates and served on many science journals, along with winning numerous awards. His autobiography, The Fractalist: Memoir of a Scientific Maverick, was published posthumously in 2012.", "Q336140": "John Cowburn Beavan, Baron Ardwick (29 April 1910 \u2013 18 August 1994) was a British journalist.\nHe was educated at Manchester Grammar School. Beavan was reporter of the Manchester Evening News, becoming its editor in 1943. Between 1946 and 1955, he was London editor of The Guardian. For two years, 1960 to 1962, he was editor of the Daily Herald, then becoming political advisor to the Mirror Group, a post he retained until 1976. He was a Labour Member of the European Parliament from 1975 to 1979.On 16 January 1970, he was created a life peer as Baron Ardwick, of Barnes in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.He married Gladys Jones in 1934 by whom he had two children. \nBy Anne Symonds, a BBC World Service journalist, he was also the father of Matthew Symonds. Symonds' daughter Carrie is the fianc\u00e9 of the incumbent Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Boris Johnson, a Conservative.\n\n", "Q956714": "Josh Rouse (born March 9, 1972) is an American folk/roots pop singer-songwriter. Originally from Nebraska, Rouse began his recording career in Nashville in 1998 and later relocated to Spain. In 2014, Rouse won a Spanish Goya Film Award in the category of Best Original Song for \"Do You Really Want To Be In Love?\" from the motion picture La Gran Familia Espa\u00f1ola.", "Q930491": "Zolt\u00e1n J. G\u00e1l (born 3 May 1973) is a Hungarian politician and journalist, who served as spokesman of the Hungarian government from 27 May 2002 to 2 August 2004. His father is Zolt\u00e1n G\u00e1l a former Interior Minister and Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary.\nHe worked for the N\u00e9pszabads\u00e1g, the Magyar H\u00edrlap and the N\u00e9pszava as journalist. He became a member of the National Assembly in 2002 from the Hungarian Socialist Party's national list. P\u00e9ter Medgyessy unseated him on 2 August 2004 but after few days the Prime Minister also fell. According to the press information G\u00e1l had good relation with the Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports Ferenc Gyurcs\u00e1ny. Maybe as a result he returned to the politics as political state secretary of the Prime Minister's Office when Gyurcs\u00e1ny was appointed PM.\nG\u00e1l gained a parliamentarian seat on the 2006 elections again. He hold his position of state secretary. On 21 January 2008 he resigned referring to family reasons. His successor was \u00c1d\u00e1m Ficsor. According to the press G\u00e1l's relation with the Prime Minister decayed. He served as editor-in-chief of weekly Vas\u00e1rnapi H\u00edrek (\"Sunday News\") from 2010 to 2017. In the 2019 local elections, Zolt\u00e1n G\u00e1l J., along with D\u00e1vid Dorosz, was one of the two campaign managers of Gergely Kar\u00e1csony, who was elected Mayor of Budapest.\n\n", "Q367469": "Kadeem Hardison (born July 24, 1965) is an American actor and director. He is best known for his role Dwayne Wayne on A Different World, a spin-off of the long-running NBC sitcom The Cosby Show. He also starred in the Disney Channel series K.C. Undercover as Craig Cooper, the title character's father. Kadeem played Norman in OWN's Love Is before it was abruptly cancelled after renewed for Season 2. As of 2019, he is starring in Showtime drama, Black Monday.", "Q1845": "The Bible (from Koine Greek \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, t\u00e0 bibl\u00eda, \"the books\") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures. Varying parts of the Bible are considered to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans by Christians, Jews, Samaritans, and Rastafari. The Bible appears in the form of an anthology, compiling texts of a variety of forms that are all linked by the belief that they collectively contain the word of God. These texts include theologically-embellished historical accounts, hymns, allegorical erotica, parables, and didactic letters.\nThose books included in the Bible by a tradition or group are called canonical, indicating that the tradition/group views the collection as the true representation of God's word and will. A number of Biblical canons have evolved, with overlapping and diverging contents from denomination to denomination. The Hebrew Bible overlaps with the Greek Septuagint and the Christian Old Testament. The Christian New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians, believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ, written in first-century Koine Greek. Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about what should be included in the canon, primarily about the biblical apocrypha, a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect.\nAttitudes towards the Bible also differ among Christian groups. Roman Catholics, high church Anglicans, Methodists and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of both the Bible and sacred tradition, while many Protestant churches focus on the idea of sola scriptura, or scripture alone. This concept arose during the Reformation, and many denominations today support the use of the Bible as the only infallible source of Christian teaching. Others though, advance the concept of prima scriptura in contrast.The Bible has been a massive influence on literature and history, especially in the Western world, where the Gutenberg Bible was the first book printed using movable type. According to the March 2007 edition of Time, the Bible \"has done more to shape literature, history, entertainment, and culture than any book ever written. Its influence on world history is unparalleled, and shows no signs of abating.\" With estimated total sales of over 5 billion copies, it is widely considered to be the most influential and best-selling book of all time. As of the 2000s, it sells approximately 100 million copies annually.", "Q427564": "Lacey Dawn Adkisson (born July 17, 1986) is an American retired professional wrestler best known by her ring name Lacey Von Erich. She is the daughter of Kerry Von Erich and the granddaughter of Fritz Von Erich. She is best known for her time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where she is a one-time TNA Knockouts Tag Team Champion.", "Q1510873": "Gerd Uecker (born 15 September 1946) is a German music pedagogue, music and opera director. From 2003 to 2010 he was artistic director of the Semperoper in Dresden.", "Q202597": "Chen Kaige ([\u0288\u0282\u02b0\u0259\u030cn k\u02b0\u00e0i.k\u0264\u0301], born 12 August 1952) is a Chinese film director and a leading figure of the fifth generation of Chinese cinema. His films are known for their visual flair and epic storytelling. Chen won the Palme d'Or at 1993 Cannes Film Festival and the International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI) Award in 1993.", "Q433511": "Candice Mia Daly (January 4, 1966 \u2013 December 14, 2004) was an American film and television actress. In the late 1980s and early 1990s she starred in a number of B-movies and cult films such as After Death (1988) and Liquid Dreams (1991). She was at one time was engaged to one of her co-stars Brent Huff. Perhaps the role which garnered her the widest audience was psychotic Veronica Landers on American soap opera The Young and the Restless from 1997 to 1998.\nWork was scarce for Daly after she left The Young and the Restless, and she was found dead in a rundown Los Angeles apartment on December 14, 2004. The cause of death was listed as unknown even though drug abuse was suspected; her boyfriend stated that he believes that she was a victim of foul play.", "Q374373": "The Inheritance (Danish: Arven) is a 2003 Danish film directed by Per Fly. It is released as Inheritance in the United Kingdom.\nThe Screenplay was written by Kim Leona, Per Fly and Mogens Rukov produced by Ib Tardini, and starred Ulrich Thomsen and Lisa Werlinder.", "Q4709588": "Albert A. Boyajian (Armenian: \u0531\u056c\u0562\u0565\u0580\u057f \u0532\u0578\u0575\u0561\u057b\u0575\u0561\u0576, born June 4, 1940, Aleppo, Syria) is an American business leader and activist for Armenian causes.\nHe is the founder and Chairman of the Armenian American Political Action Committee (A.A.P.A.C.), which promotes Armenian issues in Washington D.C. concerning free trade, social financial, cultural activities, and cooperation between Armenia and the United States government.\n\n", "Q537005": "Anton Adriaan Mussert (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0251nt\u0254m \u02c8m\u028fs\u0259rt]; 11 May 1894 \u2013 7 May 1946) was one of the founders of the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB) and its formal leader. As such, he was the most prominent Dutch fascist before and during World War II. During the war, he was able to keep this position, due to the support he received from the Germans. After the war, he was convicted and executed for high treason.", "Q239501": "Fay Weldon CBE, FRSL (born 22 September 1931) is an English author, essayist and playwright.", "Q4315356": "Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit is a 1990 BBC television drama, directed by Beeban Kidron. Jeanette Winterson wrote the screenplay, adapting her semi-autobiographical first novel of the same name (published 1985). The BBC produced and screened three episodes, running to a total of 2 hours and 45 minutes. The series was released on DVD in 2005.The series won the BAFTA award for Best Drama.", "Q103157": "Kurt Vogel Russell (born March 17, 1951) is an American actor. He began acting on television at the age of 12 in the western series The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters (1963\u20131964). In the late 1960s, he signed a ten-year contract with The Walt Disney Company where, according to Robert Osborne, he became the studio's top star of the 1970s.Russell was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture for his performance in Silkwood (1983). In the 1980s, he starred in several films directed by John Carpenter, including anti-hero roles such as army hero-turned-robber Snake Plissken in the futuristic action film Escape from New York (1981), and its sequel Escape from L.A. (1996), helicopter pilot R.J. MacReady in the remake of the horror film The Thing (1982), and truck driver Jack Burton in the dark kung-fu comedy action film Big Trouble in Little China (1986), all of which have since become cult films. He was nominated for an Emmy Award for the television film Elvis (1979), also directed by Carpenter.\nRussell starred in other films, including Overboard (1987), Tango & Cash (1989), Backdraft (1991) Tombstone (1993), Stargate (1994), Miracle (2004), Sky High (2005), Death Proof (2007), The Hateful Eight (2015), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017) and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019). He also appeared in The Fast and the Furious franchise, having starred in Furious 7 (2015) and The Fate of the Furious (2017).", "Q4570781": "Lincoln University (Lincoln or LU) is a state-related (independent but with public funding) historically black university near Oxford, Pennsylvania. Founded as the private Ashmun Institute in 1854, it has been a public institution since 1972 and was the United States' first degree-granting HBCU. Its main campus is located on 422 acres near the town of Oxford in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania. The university has a second location in University City, Philadelphia. Lincoln University provides undergraduate and graduate coursework to approximately 2,000 students. The University is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.\nWhile a majority of Lincoln University students are African Americans, the university has a long history of accepting students of other races and nationalities. Women have received degrees since 1953 and made up over 60% of undergraduate enrollment in 2018.", "Q276216": "Irene Manning (born Inez Harvuot, July 17, 1912 \u2013 May 28, 2004) was an American actress and singer.", "Q115735": "Lambert Wilson (born 3 August 1958) is a French actor, singer and activist. He is best known internationally for his portrayal of The Merovingian in The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions.", "Q79173": "Eugenie Schwarzwald, n\u00e9e Nu\u00dfbaum, was born 4 July 1872, in Polupanivka near Zbruch River in Austria-Hungary (now Pidvolochysk Raion, Ukraine) and died on 7 August 1940, in Zurich. She was an Austrian philanthropist, writer and pedagogue developing and supporting education for girls in Austria. She was one of the most lettered women of her time.", "Q92878": "Andrei Alexandrescu (born 1969) is a Romanian-American C++ and D language programmer and author. He is particularly known for his pioneering work on policy-based design implemented via template metaprogramming. These ideas are articulated in his book Modern C++ Design and were first implemented in his programming library, Loki. He also implemented the \"move constructors\" concept in his MOJO library. He contributed to the C/C++ Users Journal under the byline \"Generic\". Alexandrescu worked as a research scientist at Facebook, before departing the company in August 2015 in order to focus on developing the D programming language.He became an American citizen in August 2014.", "Q284094": "Lee Eun-ju (22 December 1980 \u2013 February 22, 2005) was a South Korean actress. She was the star of hit films including Taegukgi and The Scarlet Letter. She committed suicide at age 24.", "Q380580": "Aegean Airlines S.A. (Greek: \u0391\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u0391\u03b9\u03b3\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, Aeropor\u00eda Aiga\u00edou An\u00f3nimi Etair\u00eda pronounced [aeropo\u02c8ria e\u02c8\u029deu]; LSE: 0OHY) is the flag carrier airline of Greece and the largest Greek airline by total number of passengers carried, by number of destinations served and by fleet size. A Star Alliance member since June 2010, it operates scheduled and charter services from Athens and Thessaloniki to other major Greek destinations as well as to a number of European and Middle Eastern destinations. Its main hubs are Athens International Airport in Athens, Macedonia International Airport in Thessaloniki and Larnaca International Airport in Cyprus. It also uses other Greek airports as bases, some of which are seasonal. It has its head office in Kifisia, a suburb of Athens.On 21 October 2012, Aegean Airlines announced that it had struck a deal to acquire Olympic Air, and the buyout was approved by the European Commission a year later, on 9 October 2013. Both carriers continue to operate under separate brands. In addition, Aegean Airlines participated in the final stages of the tender for the privatization of Cyprus Airways, the national carrier of Cyprus. Following the bankruptcy of Cyprus Airways, Aegean Airlines established a hub at Larnaca Airport, thus initiating scheduled flights to and from the island to various destinations and filling the service gap created by the services termination of Cyprus Airways.", "Q239515": "Aryana Engineer (born March 6, 2001) is a Canadian actress who made her debut in the 2009 horror film Orphan, as a little girl named Max, alongside Vera Farmiga. In 2012 she starred, alongside Milla Jovovich, as Becky in Resident Evil: Retribution, the fifth film in the franchise.", "Q133080": "Public relations (PR) is the practice of deliberately managing the release and spread of information between an individual or an organization (such as a business, government agency, or a nonprofit organization) and the public. Public relations (PR) and publicity differ in that PR is controlled internally, whereas publicity is not controlled and contributed by external parties. Public relations may include an organization or individual gaining exposure to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment. This differentiates it from advertising as a form of marketing communications. Public relations aims to create or obtain coverage for clients for free, rather than paying for marketing or advertising. But in the 2010s, advertising is also a part of broader PR activities.An example of good public relations would be generating an article featuring a client, rather than paying for the client to be advertised next to the article. The aim of public relations is to inform the public, prospective customers, investors, partners, employees, and other stakeholders, and ultimately persuade them to maintain a positive or favorable view about the organization, its leadership, products, or political decisions. Public relations professionals typically work for PR and marketing firms, businesses and companies, government, and public officials as public information officers and nongovernmental organizations, and nonprofit organizations. Jobs central to public relations include account coordinator, account executive, account supervisor, and media relations manager.Public relations specialists establish and maintain relationships with an organization's target audience, the media, relevant trade media, and other opinion leaders. Common responsibilities include designing communications campaigns, writing news releases and other content for news, working with the press, arranging interviews for company spokespeople, writing speeches for company leaders, acting as an organisation's spokesperson, preparing clients for press conferences, media interviews and speeches, writing website and social media content, managing company reputation (crisis management), managing internal communications, and marketing activities like brand awareness and event management Success in the field of public relations requires a deep understanding of the interests and concerns of each of the company's many stakeholders. The public relations professional must know how to effectively address those concerns using the most powerful tool of the public relations trade, which is publicity.", "Q70625": "Otto John (19 March 1909 \u2013 26 March 1997) was the first head of West Germany's domestic intelligence service, the Office for the Protection of the Constitution, from 1950 to 1954. He is best known for his controversial move to East Germany in 1954, which has been interpreted as treason or an abduction.", "Q251865": "Michael Andrew \"Duff\" McKagan (born February 5, 1964), sometimes credited as Duff \"Rose\" McKagan, is an American multi-instrumentalist, singer, songwriter and author. He is best known for his twelve-year tenure as the bassist of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. McKagan rejoined the band in 2016, following their induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.Toward the end of his first tenure with Guns N' Roses, McKagan released a solo album, Believe in Me (1993), and formed the short-lived supergroup Neurotic Outsiders. Following his departure from Guns N' Roses in 1997, McKagan briefly reunited with his pre-success Seattle punk band 10 Minute Warning, before forming the still-active hard rock band Loaded, in which he performs lead vocals and rhythm guitar. Between 2002 and 2008, he played bass in the supergroup Velvet Revolver with his former Guns N' Roses bandmates Slash and Matt Sorum. He briefly performed with Alice in Chains in 2006, with Jane's Addiction in 2010 and joined the supergroup Hollywood Vampires in 2016.In addition to his musical career, McKagan has established himself as a writer. He has written weekly columns on a wide variety of topics for SeattleWeekly.com, Playboy.com, and ESPN.com. A one-time high school drop-out, he attended Seattle University's Albers School of Business and Economics in the early 2000s, and subsequently founded the wealth management firm Meridian Rock.", "Q1447095": "Lai Chee-Ying (Chinese: \u9ece\u667a\u82f1), known professionally as Jimmy Lai, is a Hong Kong entrepreneur. He founded Giordano, an Asian clothing retailer, and Next Digital (Formerly Next Media), a Hong Kong-listed media company and a Chinese-language media group. He is one of the main contributors to the pro-democracy camp, especially to the Democratic Party.\n\n", "Q399": "Armenia ( (listen); Armenian: \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576, romanized: Hayastan, IPA: [h\u0251j\u0251s\u02c8t\u0251n]), officially the Republic of Armenia (Armenian: \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576\u056b \u0540\u0561\u0576\u0580\u0561\u057a\u0565\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576, romanized: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun, IPA: [h\u0251j\u0251st\u0251\u02c8ni h\u0251n\u027e\u0251p\u025btut\u02b0\u02c8jun]), is a landlocked country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located in Western Asia, on the Armenian Highlands, it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and Azerbaijan's exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.Armenia is a unitary, multi-party, democratic nation-state with an ancient cultural heritage. Urartu was established in 860 BC and by the 6th century BC it was replaced by the Satrapy of Armenia. The Kingdom of Armenia reached its height under Tigranes the Great in the 1st century BC and became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion in the late 3rd or early 4th century AD. The official date of state adoption of Christianity is 301. The ancient Armenian kingdom was split between the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires around the early 5th century. Under the Bagratuni dynasty, the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia was restored in the 9th century. Declining due to the wars against the Byzantines, the kingdom fell in 1045 and Armenia was soon after invaded by the Seljuk Turks. An Armenian principality and later a kingdom Cilician Armenia was located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea between the 11th and 14th centuries.\nBetween the 16th and 19th centuries, the traditional Armenian homeland composed of Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and Iranian empires, repeatedly ruled by either of the two over the centuries. By the 19th century, Eastern Armenia had been conquered by the Russian Empire, while most of the western parts of the traditional Armenian homeland remained under Ottoman rule. During World War I, Armenians living in their ancestral lands in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated in the Armenian Genocide. In 1918, following the Russian Revolution, all non-Russian countries declared their independence after the Russian Empire ceased to exist, leading to the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia. By 1920, the state was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and in 1922 became a founding member of the Soviet Union. In 1936, the Transcaucasian state was dissolved, transforming its constituent states, including the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, into full Union republics. The modern Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union.\nArmenia recognises the Armenian Apostolic Church, the world's oldest national church, as the country's primary religious establishment. The unique Armenian alphabet was invented by Mesrop Mashtots in 405 AD.\nArmenia is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union, the Council of Europe and the Collective Security Treaty Organization. Armenia supports the de facto independent Artsakh, which was proclaimed in 1991.", "Q3957076": "Maur\u00edcio Matos Peixoto, (April 15, 1921, in Fortaleza, Cear\u00e1 \u2013 April 28, 2019, in Rio de Janeiro), was a Brazilian engineer and mathematician. He pioneered the studies on structural stability, and was the author of Peixoto's theorem.", "Q980420": "Shefki Mazar Hysa (born on 20 July 1957 to Ersek\u00eb, Kolonj\u00eb District) - is an Albanian writer and journalist.", "Q69374": "Wallisellen is a municipality in the district of B\u00fclach in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland, and belongs to the Glatt Valley (German: Glattal).", "Q4719957": "Alexander Robey Shepherd (January 30, 1835 \u2013 September 12, 1902), better known as Boss Shepherd, was one of the most controversial and influential civic leaders in the history of Washington, D.C., and one of the most powerful big-city political bosses of the Gilded Age. He was head of the DC Board of Public Works from 1871 to 1873 and Governor of the District of Columbia from 1873 to 1874. He is known, particularly in Washington, as \"The Father of Modern Washington.\"", "Q3898175": "Paul Zane Pilzer (born January 17, 1954) is an American economist, New York Times best-selling author, and social entrepreneur. He has written 11 books and is the founder of six companies, and has been profiled in more than 100 publications including on the front page of The Wall Street Journal.", "Q88820": "Jerzy Montag (born 13 February 1947 in Katowice, Silesia) is a German politician. He is a member of the Green Party.\nAfter his Abitur in Mannheim in 1966 Montag studied sociology, political science and law in Heidelberg, Mannheim and Munich. Since he passed his second Bar examination (Staatsexamen) in 1975 Montag has worked as a freelancing lawyer. He is specialized in criminal law.\nIn 1984 Montag joined the Green Party. In the years 1998 to 2002 he was chairman of the party in the State of Bavaria. Since 2002 Montag has been a member of the Bundestag, elected from the Bavarian regional list, after unsuccessfully contesting the Munich South constituency, and speaker of the Green Party's parliamentary group on law politics. In 2005 he was spokesman of the Greens during the meetings of the Committee of inquiry on the German Visa Affair 2005.\n\n", "Q272064": "The Living Daylights is a 1987 spy film and the fifteenth entry in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and the first to star Timothy Dalton as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Directed by John Glen, the film's title is taken from Ian Fleming's short story \"The Living Daylights\", the plot of which also forms the basis of the first act of the film. It was the last film to use the title of an Ian Fleming story until the 2006 instalment Casino Royale.\nThe film was produced by Albert R. Broccoli, his stepson Michael G. Wilson, and his daughter, Barbara Broccoli. The Living Daylights was generally well received by most critics and was also a financial success, grossing $191.2 million worldwide.", "Q212948": "A partisan is a member of an irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation by some kind of insurgent activity. The term can apply to the field element of resistance movements. The most common use in present parlance in several languages refers to occupation resistance fighters during World War II.", "Q532169": "Lukas Daniel Haas (born April 16, 1976) is an American actor and musician. His acting career has spanned four decades, during which he has appeared in more than 50 feature films and a number of television shows and stage productions.", "Q193236": "General Gabriele D'Annunzio, Prince of Montenevoso, Duke of Gallese (UK: , US: , Italian: [\u0261abri\u02c8\u025b\u02d0le dan\u02c8nuntsjo]; 12 March 1863 \u2013 1 March 1938), sometimes spelled d'Annunzio, was an Italian poet, journalist, playwright and soldier during World War I. He occupied a prominent place in Italian literature from 1889 to 1910 and later political life from 1914 to 1924. He was often referred to under the epithets Il Vate (\"the Poet\") or Il Profeta (\"the Prophet\").\nD'Annunzio was associated with the Decadent movement in his literary works, which interplayed closely with French Symbolism and British Aestheticism. Such works represented a turn against the naturalism of the preceding romantics and was both sensuous and mystical. He came under the influence of Friedrich Nietzsche which would find outlets in his literary and later political contributions. His affairs with several women, including Eleonora Duse and Luisa Casati, received public attention.\nDuring the First World War, perception of D'Annunzio in Italy transformed from literary figure into a national war hero. He was associated with the elite Arditi storm troops of the Italian Army and took part in actions such as the Flight over Vienna. As part of an Italian nationalist reaction against the Paris Peace Conference, he set up the short-lived Italian Regency of Carnaro in Fiume with himself as Duce. The constitution made \"music\" the fundamental principle of the state and was corporatist in nature. Though D'Annunzio never declared himself a fascist, he has been described as the forerunner of Italian fascism as his ideas and aesthetics influenced it and the style of Benito Mussolini.", "Q44580": "Richard Sorge (4 October 1895 \u2013 7 November 1944) was a German journalist and Soviet military intelligence officer, active before and during World War II, working undercover as a German journalist in both Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. His codename was \"Ramsay\" (Russian: \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0437\u0430\u0301\u0439). A number of famous personalities considered him one of the most accomplished spies.\nSorge is most famous for his service in Japan in 1940 and 1941, when he provided information about Adolf Hitler's plan to attack the Soviet Union.\nIn mid-September 1941, he informed the Soviets that Japan would not attack the Soviet Union in the near future. Various writers have speculated that this information allowed Stalin to transfer 18 divisions, 1,700 tanks, and over 1,500 aircraft from Siberia and the Far East to the Western Front against the western Axis Powers during the Battle for Moscow. However, Soviet code-breakers had broken the Japanese diplomatic codes, and Moscow already knew from signals intelligence that there would be no Japanese attack on the Soviet Union in 1941.A month later Sorge was arrested in Japan on the count of espionage. He was tortured, forced to confess, tried, and hanged in November 1944. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1964.", "Q1210396": "Dida Dr\u0103gan (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8dida dr\u0259\u02c8\u0261an]; born in Jugureni, D\u00e2mbovi\u021ba County, 14 September 1946) is a Romanian female pop star who was famous for rock music in the muzic\u0103 u\u0219oar\u0103 easy listening music of the 1980s.", "Q212790": "David Wheeler (born 20 March 1963), known professionally as David Thewlis, is an English actor, director, screenwriter, and author.\nThewlis rose to prominence for starring in the film Naked (1993), for which he won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor. His most commercially successful roles to date have been Remus Lupin in the Harry Potter film series (2004\u20132011) and Sir Patrick Morgan / Ares in Wonder Woman (2017). Other notable film appearances include Dragonheart (1996), Seven Years in Tibet (1997), Kingdom of Heaven (2005), The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (2008), War Horse (2011), The Theory of Everything (2014), and Anomalisa (2015). He will appear in Avatar 2 (2021) and Avatar 3 (2023).\nOn television, Thewlis portrayed Cyrus Crabb in the ABC miniseries Dinotopia (2002) and V. M. Varga in the third season of Fargo (2017), with the latter earning him nominations for an Emmy Award, Critics' Choice Television Award, and Golden Globe Award. He provides the voice of the Shame Wizard in the Netflix animated sitcom Big Mouth (2017\u2013present).", "Q203845": "Absolon is a 2003 post-apocalyptic science fiction thriller film directed by David Barto and starring Christopher Lambert, Lou Diamond Phillips, and Kelly Brook. The plot concerns a future society where the only hope for survival from a deadly virus is a drug called Absolon.", "Q118205": "Brother Max Thurian (16 August 1921 in Geneva, Switzerland \u2013 15 August 1996 in Geneva, Switzerland) was the subprior of the Taiz\u00e9 community, an ecumenical monastic community in France. He was the subprior at Taiz\u00e9 from the time of its inception in the 1940s. During the Second Vatican Council, he was invited by Pope Paul VI to participate in the liturgical reform of the Catholic Mass. In 1969 he expressed that he was satisfied with the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, under the belief that Protestants could receive Holy Communion along with Roman Catholics. This is false, however, as the Roman Catholic Church forbids non-Catholics from reception of Holy Communion at the Mass. On May 12, 1988, Thurian converted to Roman Catholicism and was ordained a priest. In a complete turn of events, on July 24, 1996, Thurian published an article in L'Osservatore Romano that he was actually dissatisfied with conciliar reformation, in that the Mass \"has lost its character of mystery.\"", "Q1851": "Arkhangelsk (UK: , US: ; Russian: \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a, IPA: [\u0250r\u02c8xan\u0261\u02b2\u026al\u02b2sk]), also known in English as Archangel and Archangelsk, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, in the north of European Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea. The city spreads for over 40 kilometers (25 mi) along the banks of the river and numerous islands of its delta. Arkhangelsk was the chief seaport of medieval and early modern Russia until 1703 (when it was replaced by Saint Petersburg). A 1,133-kilometer-long (704 mi) railway runs from Arkhangelsk to Moscow via Vologda and Yaroslavl, and air travel is served by the Talagi Airport and a smaller Vaskovo Airport. As of the 2010 Census, the city's population was 348,783, down from 356,051 recorded in the 2002 Census, and further down from 415,921 recorded in the 1989 Census.", "Q694070": "Felix Josef von Mottl (between 29 July/29 August 1856 \u2013 2 July 1911) was an Austrian conductor and composer. He was regarded as one of the most brilliant conductors of his day. He composed three operas, of which Agnes Bernauer (Weimar, 1880) was the most successful, as well as a string quartet and numerous songs and other music. His orchestration of Richard Wagner's \"Wesendonck Lieder\" is still the most commonly performed version. He was also a teacher, and his pupils included Ernest van Dyck and Wilhelm Petersen.", "Q110659": "Amatius (also referred to as Herophilus, Chamates, or Pseudo-Marius) (died 13 April 44 BC) was a man who claimed to be the son of Gaius Marius the Younger, and therefore the grandson of the famous Roman general Gaius Marius. He was murdered on the orders of Mark Antony following the assassination of Julius Caesar.", "Q3267767": "Peter Moore (born 1955) is a British-American business executive, best known for his former positions as Senior VP of Global Sports Marketing at Reebok, President of Sega of America, and Corporate Vice-President of Microsoft's Interactive Entertainment Business division, overseeing the Xbox and Xbox 360 game consoles. From 2007 to 2011 he was head of Electronic Arts' EA Sports game division. In 2012 he was appointed COO of Electronic Arts. He resigned from Electronic Arts in February 2017 to become CEO of Liverpool Football Club.\n\n", "Q360474": "Ion Mincu (Romanian pronunciation: [i\u02c8on \u02c8mi\u014bku]; 1852 in Foc\u015fani \u2013 1912 in Bucharest) was an architect, engineer, professor and politician in Romania.\nHe promoted a Romanian style in architecture, by integrating in his works the specific style of traditional Romanian architecture. As a recognition to his importance in the Romanian school of architecture, since 1953, the Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism in Bucharest bears his name.\nHe was the teacher of Toma T. Socolescu, another remarkable Romanian architect.\nFrom 1895 to 1899 he was member of the Parliament of Romania.", "Q3325540": "Moulay Hafid Elalamy (born January 13, 1960) is a Moroccan businessman and politician. He is the founder and owner of the Saham Group. He serves as the Minister of Industry, Trade, & New Technologies.\n\n", "Q185332": "Satu Mare (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8satu \u02c8mare]; Hungarian: Szatm\u00e1rn\u00e9meti [s\u0252tma\u02d0rne\u02d0m\u025bti]; German: Sathmar; Yiddish: \u05e1\u05d0\u05d8\u05de\u05d0\u05e8\u200e Satmar or \u05e1\u05d0\u05b7\u05d8\u05de\u05e2\u05e8 Satmer) is a city with a population of 102,400 (2011) and the capital of Satu Mare County, Romania, as well as the center of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. Mentioned in the Gesta Hungarorum as castrum Zotmar (\"Zotmar's fort\"), the city has a history going back to the Middle Ages. Today, it is an academic, cultural, industrial and business centre in northwestern Romania.", "Q6858": "Bad Oeynhausen (German pronunciation: [ba\u02d0t \u02c8\u0294\u00f8\u02d0nha\u028azn\u0329]) is a spa town on the southern edge of the Wiehengebirge in the district of Minden-L\u00fcbbecke in the East-Westphalia-Lippe region of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The closest larger towns are Bielefeld (39 kilometres southwest) and Hanover (80 km east).", "Q72754": "Hans Vogel (16 February 1881, in Oberartelshofen, Middle Franconia \u2013 6 October 1945) was a German politician and chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) along with Arthur Crispien and Otto Wels from 1931 to 1933. After the NSDAP came to power in 1933, he became one of the leaders of the social democratic exile organization Sopade.\nAfter attending the Volkshochschule in F\u00fcrth, Vogel, the son of a merchant and shoemaker, completed an apprenticeship as a wood sculptor assistant in 1897. He joined the trade union for wood sculptors as early as 1897 and worked in various parts of Germany. He was board member of a Social Democratic electoral association in F\u00fcrth from 1907 to 1911. From 1908, Vogel worked as secretary of the party in the region of Franconia. From 1912 to 1918 he was a member of the Bavarian Landtag. He supported the Burgfrieden politics of his party, i.e. support for the German war effort and giving up the anti-militarist stance at the beginning of World War I, because he viewed this as his patriotic duty. He served in World War I as a radio operator in the 105th Division.\nAfter the war and the German revolution, Vogel was a member of the German National Assembly, which wrote the Weimar Constitution. He would remain a member of the Reichstag until June 1933. After becoming a member of the caucus of the SPD in 1920, he was elected secretary of the party in 1927. In 1931, he became chairman along with Arthur Crispien and Otto Wels.\nAfter the Machtergreifung in January 1933, Vogel first went to Saarbr\u00fccken, because it was administrated by the League of Nations at that time, and then on 2 June he moved on to Prague. In 1938 he moved to Paris and there he helped build up the Sopade, of which he was the sole chairman after Wels's death in 1939.\nHis death in October 1945 meant that he was not able to help with re-building the SPD. Hans-Vogel-Stra\u00dfe, a street in F\u00fcrth, is named after him.", "Q233038": "Jaime King (born April 23, 1979) is an American actress and model. In her modeling career and early film roles, she used the names Jamie King and James King, which was a childhood nickname given to King by her parents, because her agency already represented another Jaime\u2014the older, then-more famous model Jaime Rishar.A successful model, King was discovered at age 14 in 1993 and appeared in Vogue, Mademoiselle and Harper's Bazaar, among other fashion magazines. From 1998, she moved into acting, taking small film roles. Her first major role was in Pearl Harbor (2001) and her first starring movie role was in Bulletproof Monk (2003). She has since appeared in other films including Sin City (2005) and My Bloody Valentine 3D (2009) and, from 2011 to 2015, starred in the television series Hart of Dixie. In 2016, she had the lead role in The Mistletoe Promise, a Hallmark movie. She also voiced the role of Aurra Sing on Star Wars: The Clone Wars.", "Q1820493": "Lester William DeMerle (born November 4, 1946, Brooklyn) is an American jazz drummer, vocalist, and bandleader.\nDeMerle first picked up drums at age ten. He studied drums and percussion with Bob Livingstone in New York from 1960 to 1965, jammed with Lionel Hampton and Gene Krupa when he was 15, and played at the 1964 New York World's Fair. He subsequently studied harmony and music theory from Alf Clausen via mail correspondence, and did freelance work in the late 1960s with Alan Dawson, Lee Castle, and the Jimmy Dorsey Band. In 1967 he formed his own group, Sound 67, with Randy Brecker, Arnie Lawrence, Bill Takus, and Norman Simmons. Near the end of the decade he worked with Joe Farrell and Lee Konitz. DeMerle released an album, Spectrum, on United Artists Records in 1969, which featured Lawrence and Simmons, as well as Marvin Stamm, Frank Foster, and Lew Tabackin as sidemen. He toured with a twelve-piece ensemble in 1970.He became a member of the Harry James Big Band in 1970 and worked with James until 1982, including at the 1974 Newport Jazz Festival and on his Grammy Award-winning King James Version. In 1971, he moved to Los Angeles, where he played regularly in the late 1970s at the Cellar Theater with his group Transfusion (which included Don Menza on saxophone). Other associations in the 1970s included Michael Brecker, David Benoit, Eric Marienthal, Raul De Souza, the Heath Brothers, and Bunk Gardner.\nHe worked with his wife, singer Bonnie Eisele, in a big band from 1986. They moved to Fernandina Beach, Florida, where DeMerle established the Amelia Island Jazz Festival and played frequently in hotels and on cruise ships. In the 2000s he released a series of albums on Origin Records, the first two of which paid tribute to Blue Note Records.\nDeMerle has been noted as a vocalist and is able to sing and play drums at the same time, a rarity among jazz drummers. He has also accompanied many pop and jazz vocalists on drums, including Sammy Davis, Jr., Tony Bennett, Eddie Jefferson, Wayne Newton, Frank Sinatra, Mel Torm\u00e9, and Sarah Vaughan.", "Q1322456": "Serge Blanco (born 31 August 1958) is a former rugby union footballer who played fullback for Biarritz Olympique and the French national side, gaining 93 caps, 81 of them at fullback. His alternative position was wing.\nBlanco was born in Caracas, Venezuela, to a Venezuelan father and a Basque mother, but was raised in Biarritz, France. He made his international debut against South Africa at Loftus Versfeld Stadium on 8 November 1980, which France lost 37\u201315.", "Q192896": "Carlisle ( kar-LYLE, locally KAR-lyle; from Cumbric: Caer Luel; Scottish Gaelic: Cathair Luail) is a cathedral city and the county town of Cumbria as well as the administrative centre of the City of Carlisle district in North West England. Carlisle is located at the confluence of the rivers Eden, Caldew and Petteril, 10 miles (16 km) south of the Scottish border. Originally in the historic county of Cumberland, it is now the largest settlement in the county of Cumbria, and serves as the administrative centre for both Carlisle City Council and Cumbria County Council. At the time of the 2001 census, the population of Carlisle was 71,773, with 100,734 living in the wider city. Ten years later, at the 2011 census, the city's population had risen to 75,306, with 107,524 in the wider city.The early history of Carlisle is marked by its status as a Roman settlement, established to serve the forts on Hadrian's Wall. During the Middle Ages, because of its proximity to the Kingdom of Scotland, Carlisle became an important military stronghold; Carlisle Castle, still relatively intact, was built in 1092 by William Rufus, and once served as a prison for Mary, Queen of Scots. The castle now houses the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment and the Border Regiment Museum. In the early 12th century, Henry I allowed the foundation of a priory in Carlisle. The town gained the status of a city when its diocese was formed in 1133, and the priory became Carlisle Cathedral.\nThe introduction of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution began a process of socioeconomic transformation in Carlisle, which developed into a densely populated mill town. This, combined with its strategic position, allowed for the development of Carlisle as an important railway town, with seven railway companies sharing Carlisle railway station.\nNicknamed the Great Border City, Carlisle today is the main cultural, commercial and industrial centre for north Cumbria. It is home to the main campuses of the University of Cumbria and a variety of museums and heritage centres. The former County Borough of Carlisle had held city status until the Local Government Act 1972 was enacted in 1974.", "Q76532": "William Brooke Joyce (24 April 1906 \u2013 3 January 1946), nicknamed Lord Haw-Haw, was an American-born Fascist politician and Nazi propaganda broadcaster to the United Kingdom during World War II. He took German citizenship in 1940. Joyce was convicted of one count of high treason in 1945 and sentenced to death, with the Court of Appeal and the House of Lords both upholding his conviction. He was hanged on 3 January 1946, making him the last person to be executed for treason in the United Kingdom. Theodore Schurch was hanged the following day, but for the crime of treachery rather than treason.", "Q30567": "Terry Date (born January 31, 1956) is an American record producer and engineer, specializing in the rock genres, especially heavy metal. He is well known for his work with Overkill, Metal Church, Slipknot, Pantera, Soulfly, White Zombie, Deftones, Dark Angel, Dream Theater, Slayer, Soundgarden and Limp Bizkit.", "Q112728": "Friedrich Peter (13 July 1921 \u2013 25 September 2005) was an Austrian politician who served as the chairman of the Freedom Party of Austria from 1958 to 1978.", "Q3920": "L\u00fcneburg (officially the Hanseatic City of L\u00fcneburg, German: Hansestadt L\u00fcneburg, pronounced [\u02c8hanz\u0259\u0283tat \u02c8ly\u02d0n\u0259b\u028a\u0250\u032fk], Low German L\u00fcmborg, Latin Luneburgum or Lunaburgum, Old High German Luneburc, Old Saxon Hliuni, Polabian Glain), also called Lunenburg in English, is a town in the German state of Lower Saxony. It is located about 50 km (31 mi) southeast of another Hanseatic city, Hamburg, and belongs to that city's wider metropolitan region. The capital of the district which bears its name, it is home to roughly 77,000 people. L\u00fcneburg's urban area, which includes the surrounding communities of Adendorf, Bardowick, Barendorf and Reppenstedt, has a population of around 103,000. L\u00fcneburg has been allowed to use the title \"Hansestadt\" (Hanseatic Town) in its name since 2007, in recognition of its membership in the former Hanseatic League. L\u00fcneburg is also home to Leuphana University.", "Q2734593": "John Russell Dilworth (born February 14, 1963) is an American animator, actor, director, writer, producer and the creator of the animated television series Courage the Cowardly Dog. His work has mainly appeared on CBS, Showtime, HBO, FOX, Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon, Comedy Central and MTV, among others.", "Q268982": "Bruno Sanfilippo is an Argentinian pianist, musician and composer.\nBruno Sanfilippo (born September 13, 1965 )is a musician, pianist and contemporary classical music composer from Buenos Aires, Argentina. He currently resides in Barcelona, Spain. His sound has been described as an exploration of minimalist piano concepts and electroacoustic music. \nIn 2015, he became one of the main exponents of the LIFEM 2015 festival, specializing in minimalist music.\n\n", "Q8990897": "Liu Chao-han (simplified Chinese: \u5218\u5146\u6c49; traditional Chinese: \u5289\u5146\u6f22; pinyin: Li\u00fa Zh\u00e0oh\u00e0n; born 3 January 1939) is a Taiwanese physicist and educator who served as President of National Central University from June 1990 to February 2003. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, an Academician of the Academia Sinica and a Member of the National Academy of Engineering.", "Q3371111": "Paul Dubrule (born 1934) is a French businessman and politician. He co-founded AccorHotels in 1967. He served as a member of the French Senate from 1999 to 2004, representing Seine-et-Marne. In 2002, he established the Ecole d'H\u00f4tellerie et de Tourisme Paul Dubrule in Siem Reap, Cambodia. The Rue Paul Dubrule in Lesquin was named in his honor in 2016.\n\n", "Q69412": "Rolf William Landauer (February 4, 1927 \u2013 April 28, 1999) was a German-American physicist who made important contributions in diverse areas of the thermodynamics of information processing, condensed matter physics, and the conductivity of disordered media. In 1961 he discovered Landauer's principle, that in any logically irreversible operation that manipulates information, such as erasing a bit of memory, entropy increases and an associated amount of energy is dissipated as heat. This principle is relevant to reversible computing, quantum information and quantum computing. He also is responsible for the Landauer formula relating the electrical resistance of a conductor to its scattering properties. He won the Stuart Ballantine Medal of the Franklin Institute, the Oliver Buckley Prize of the American Physical Society and the IEEE Edison Medal, among many other honors.", "Q1437214": "Forest Lawn Memorial Park is a privately owned cemetery in Glendale, California. It is the original and current flagship location of Forest Lawn Memorial-Parks & Mortuaries, a chain of six cemeteries and four additional mortuaries in Southern California.", "Q153012": "Not to be confused with the American State University of New York at Potsdam\nThe University of Potsdam is a public university in the Berlin-Brandenburg region of Germany. It is situated across four campuses in Potsdam and Brandenburg. Some faculty buildings are part of the New Palace of Sanssouci which is known for its UNESCO World Heritage status.The University of Potsdam is Brandenburg's largest university and the fourth largest in the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan area which is well known as one of the reputable education and research locations in Germany and Europe. More than 8,000 people are working in scholarship and science.\nIn 2009 the University of Potsdam became a winner in the \"Excellence in Teaching\" initiative of the Stifterverband f\u00fcr die Deutsche Wissenschaft (Business innovation agency for the German science system).", "Q70143": "Morbio Inferiore is a municipality in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland in the hills above Chiasso. It is located in the district of Mendrisio.", "Q332454": "William Maxwell Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook, PC, ONB (25 May 1879 \u2013 9 June 1964) was a Canadian-British newspaper publisher and backstage politician who was an influential figure in British media and politics of the first half of the 20th century. His base of power was the largest circulation newspaper in the world, the Daily Express, which appealed to the conservative working class with intensely patriotic news and editorials. During the Second World War he played a major role in mobilising industrial resources as Winston Churchill's Minister of Aircraft Production.The young Max Aitken had a gift for making money and was a millionaire by 30. His business ambitions quickly exceeded opportunities in Canada and he moved to Britain. There he befriended Bonar Law and with his support won a seat in the House of Commons at the December 1910 United Kingdom general election. A knighthood followed shortly after. During the First World War he ran the Canadian Records office in London, and played a role in the removal of H. H. Asquith as prime minister in 1916. The resulting coalition government (with David Lloyd George as prime minister and Bonar Law as Chancellor of the Exchequer) rewarded Aitken with a peerage and, briefly, a Cabinet post as Minister of Information.\nPost-war, the now Lord Beaverbrook concentrated on his business interests. He built the Daily Express into the most successful mass-circulation newspaper in the world, with sales of 2.25 million copies a day across Britain. He used it to pursue personal campaigns, most notably for tariff reform and for the British Empire to become a free trade bloc. Beaverbrook supported the governments of Stanley Baldwin and Neville Chamberlain throughout the 1930s and was persuaded by another long standing political friend, Winston Churchill, to serve as his Minister of Aircraft Production from May 1940. Churchill and others later praised his ministerial contributions. He resigned due to ill-health in 1941 but later in the war was appointed Lord Privy Seal. Beaverbrook spent his later life running his newspapers, which by then included the Evening Standard and the Sunday Express. He served as Chancellor of the University of New Brunswick and developed a reputation as a historian with his books on political and military history.", "Q155463": "Don \u00c1ngel de Saavedra y Ram\u00edrez de Baquedano, 3rd Duke of Rivas (Spanish: \u00c1ngel de Saavedra y Ram\u00edrez de Baquedano, Duque de Rivas) (10 March 1791 \u2013 22 June 1865), was a Spanish poet, dramatist and politician born in C\u00f3rdoba. He is best known for his play Don \u00c1lvaro; o, La fuerza del sino (1835), the first romantic success in the Spanish theater.", "Q181154": "Muawiyah I (Arabic: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646\u200e, romanized: Mu\u02bf\u0101wiya ibn Ab\u012b Sufy\u0101n; c.\u2009597, 603 or 605\u2013April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, serving from 661 until his death. He became caliph less than 30 years following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and very shortly after the reign of the four \"rightly guided\" (Rashidun) caliphs. Although considered to be lacking in the justice and piety of the Rashidun, Muawiyah was also the first caliph whose name appeared on coins, inscriptions, or documents of the nascent Islamic empire.Muawiyah and his father Abu Sufyan had opposed Muhammad, their distant Qurayshite kinsman, until the latter captured Mecca in 630, after which Muawiyah became one of Muhammad's scribes. He was appointed by Caliph Abu Bakr (r. 632\u2013634) the commander of the vanguard of his brother Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan's army during the conquest of Syria and he moved up the ranks until becoming governor of Syria during the reign of Caliph Uthman (r. 644\u2013656). He allied with the province's powerful Banu Kalb tribe, developed the defenses of its coastal cities and directed the war efforts against the Byzantine Empire, including the first Muslim naval campaigns. After Uthman's assassination in 656, Muawiyah took up the cause of avenging the caliph and opposed his successor, Ali. During the First Muslim Civil War, the two led their armies to a stalemate at the Battle of Siffin in 657, prompting an abortive series of arbitration talks to settle the war. Afterward, Muawiyah gained recognition as caliph by his Syrian supporters and his ally Amr ibn al-As, who conquered Egypt from Ali's governor in 658. After the assassination of Ali in 661, Muawiyah compelled his son and successor Hasan to abdicate in Kufa and Muawiyah's suzerainty was acknowledged throughout the Caliphate. \nDomestically, Muawiyah relied on loyalist Syrian tribes and Syria's Christian-dominated bureaucracy. He is credited with establishing government departments responsible for the postal route, correspondences and chancellery. Externally, he engaged his troops in almost yearly land and sea raids against the Byzantines, including a failed siege of Constantinople, though the tide turned against the Arabs toward the end of his reign and he sued for a truce. In the provinces of Iraq and the eastern Caliphate, he delegated authority to the powerful governors al-Mughira and Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan, the latter of whom he controversially adopted as his brother. Ziyad restarted the eastward Arab conquests in Khurasan and Sijistan and reformed Iraq's army and tax administrations. Under Muawiyah's direction, the Muslim conquest of Ifriqiya (central North Africa) was launched by the commander Uqba ibn Nafi in 670. Although Muawiyah confined the influence of his Umayyad clan to the governorship of Medina, he nominated his own son, Yazid I, as his successor. It was an unprecedented move in Islamic politics and opposition to it by prominent Muslim leaders, including Ali's son Husayn and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, persisted after Muawiyah's death, culminating with the outbreak of the Second Muslim Civil War.", "Q26305": "Patryk Dominik Sztyber (born 4 August 1979, in Opoczno), stage name Seth, is a Polish heavy metal musician. He is best known for being the rhythm guitarist, lead guitarist, and backing vocalist for Behemoth. He is also the guitarist for Polish death metal band Nomad.\n\n", "Q164866": "The National Socialist Freedom Movement (German: Nationalsozialistische Freiheitsbewegung, NSFB) or National Socialist Freedom Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Freiheitspartei, NSFP) was a political party in Weimar Germany created in April 1924 during the aftermath of the Beer Hall Putsch. Adolf Hitler and many Nazi leaders were jailed after the failed coup attempt and the Nazi Party was outlawed in what came to be known as the Time of Struggle. The remaining Nazis formed the NSFB as a legal means of carrying on the party and its ideology. Included in this party was the similarly reformed and renamed Frontbann, which was a legal alternative to the SA.\nEugene Davidson notes that \"[t]he Far Right could not agree on much of anything for long, not even on who was the chief enemy\", with NSFP Reichstag deputy Reinhold Wulle believing that the Catholic Church Catholics were a greater danger than the Jews. Wulle told a party gathering in January 1925 that Hitler would never again regain his former authority. Hitler himself had given up his leadership of the party during the duration of his imprisonment, telling people who came to see him that the grounds for his decision were that he was overworked writing a voluminous book. NSFP leaders Albrecht von Graefe and Erich Ludendorff both quit the NSFP in February 1925, only a little more than a year after it was founded.On 27 February 1925, the Nazi Party was reformed after the ban expired in January and Hitler had been released from prison in December 1924. The NSFB was then reabsorbed into the Nazi Party.", "Q325128": "William Powell Lear (June 26, 1902 \u2013 May 14, 1978) was an American inventor and businessman. He is best known for founding the Lear Jet Corporation, a manufacturer of business jets. He also invented the battery eliminator for the B battery, and developed the 8-track cartridge, an audio tape system. Throughout his career of 46 years, Lear received over 120 patents.", "Q216290": "Robert Bober (born 1931) is a French film director, theater director and writer of German-Jewish origin. He was born on November 13, 1931 in Berlin. Working as a film-maker for television since 1967, he has made close to 120 documentary films. His first novel, Quoi de neuf sur la guerre? (What's new about war?) received the Prix du Livre Inter in 1994.", "Q97096": "Louis F\u00fcrnberg (24 May 1909 in Jihlava, Moravia \u2013 23 June 1957 in Weimar, East Germany) was a Czechoslovakian-German writer, poet and journalist, composer and diplomat. He wrote the Lied der Partei (\"The Party is always right\"), the song that served for years as the official anthem of the East German ruling Socialist Unity Party (SED).", "Q273434": "Elizabeth Scarlett \"Lizzy\" Jagger (born March 2, 1984) is a British-American lobbyist, model and actress. Born in New York City to Jerry Hall and Mick Jagger, she has seven siblings, among them are Georgia May Jagger, James Jagger, Gabriel Jagger, and paternal half-sister of Jade Jagger. Elizabeth Jagger grew up in London, where she attended Ibstock Place School. \nJagger has devoted significant time to studying equal rights. A long-time feminist, Jagger is a lobbyist for the Equal Rights Amendment. Jagger successfully lobbied for the Equal Rights Amendment to pass in Illinois in 2018.", "Q918447": "Henry Roeland \"Roy\" Byrd (December 19, 1918 \u2013 January 30, 1980), better known as Professor Longhair or \"Fess\" for short, was an American singer and pianist who performed New Orleans blues. He was active in two distinct periods, first in the heyday of early rhythm and blues and later in the resurgence of interest in traditional jazz after the founding of the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival in 1970. His piano style has been described as \"instantly recognizable, combining rumba, mambo, and calypso\".Music journalist Tony Russell (in his book The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray) wrote that \"The vivacious rhumba-rhythmed piano blues and choked singing typical of Fess were too weird to sell millions of records; he had to be content with siring musical offspring who were simple enough to manage that, like Fats Domino or Huey \"Piano\" Smith. But he is also acknowledged as a father figure by subtler players like Allen Toussaint and Dr. John.\"", "Q128488": "Gabriel-Jean-Joseph, 1er Comte Molitor (7 March 1770 \u2013 28 July 1849), was a Marshal of France.", "Q8685": "John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK) (colloquially referred to as JFK Airport, JFK or Kennedy) is an international airport in Queens, New York, USA. It is the primary international airport serving New York City. The airport is the busiest international air passenger gateway into North America, the 21st-busiest airport in the world, the sixth-busiest airport in the United States, and the busiest airport in the New York airport system, having handled just over 61 million passengers in 2018. More than ninety airlines operate from the airport, with nonstop or direct flights to destinations into five inhabited continents.JFK is located in the Jamaica neighborhood of Queens in New York, 16 miles (26 km) southeast of Midtown Manhattan. The airport features six passenger terminals and four runways. JFK serves as a big hub for 3 airlines, one of few airports in the US to do so. JFK is a hub for both American Airlines and Delta Air Lines, and it is the primary operating base for JetBlue. JFK was also formerly a hub for Pan Am, TWA, Eastern, National, and Tower Air.\nThe facility opened in 1948 as New York International Airport and was commonly known as Idlewild Airport. Following John F. Kennedy's assassination in 1963, the airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport as a tribute to the 35th President.", "Q146351": "Liberec (Czech: [\u02c8l\u026ab\u025br\u025bts] (listen); German: Reichenberg [\u02c8\u0281a\u026a\u00e7n\u0329b\u025b\u0250\u032fk]) is a city in the Czech Republic. It is on the Lusatian Neisse and surrounded by the Jizera Mountains and Je\u0161t\u011bd-Koz\u00e1kov Ridge. It is the fifth-largest city in the Czech Republic.\nLiberec was once home to a thriving textile industry and hence nicknamed the \"Manchester of Bohemia\". For many Czechs, Liberec is mostly associated with the city's dominant Je\u0161t\u011bd Tower. Since the end of the 19th century, the city has been a conurbation with the suburb of Vratislavice and the neighboring town of Jablonec nad Nisou. Therefore, the total area with suburbs encompasses 150,000 inhabitants. That makes Liberec the third-largest city, including the suburbs, in Bohemia after Prague and Plze\u0148.\n\n", "Q100304": "Arved Deringer (4 June 1913 \u2013 25 October 2011) was a German lawyer and politician for the CDU. He was a member of the Bundestag from 1957 and 1969.In 1952, Deringer partnered with Alfred Gleiss in a law firm that is now Gleiss Lutz. He left the firm in 1961, and partnered with Claus Tessin in Bonn. The firm, later known as Deringer Tessin Herrmann & Sedemund, merged with Freshfields and Bruckhaus Westrick Heller Loeber to form Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer in 2000.", "Q87285": "Gertraud Antonia Wagner-Sch\u00f6ppl (born 21 September 1956 in Salzburg) is a former Austrian veterinarian and politician. She was member of the Salzburg parliament from 1999 to 2004.Her parents were a metal-industrial businessman Adolf Sch\u00f6ppl and Dr. iur. Edith Sch\u00f6ppl. She opened her private veterinary clinic and served as head of the Salzburg district veterinary department. The residents of the federal district of Salzburg elected her to the legislative counsel where she served to the benefit of people as well as animal protection. She received the Austrian civil decoration of the Golden Order of Salzburg. \nShe is married to Waldemar Prinz zu Schaumburg-Lippe, who has adopted her son Mag. iur. Dr. iur. Mario-Max Prinz zu Schaumburg-Lippe, MAS, LL.M., n\u00e9 Mario-Helmut Wagner (born 23 Dec 1977 to her former husband, Dr. Helmut Wagner, MD).\nHer husband Waldemar, her son and herself were very close to the late Helga-Lee of Schaumburg-Lippe.\n\n", "Q149062": "Sir Samuel Morton Peto, 1st Baronet (4 August 1809 \u2013 13 November 1889) was an English entrepreneur, civil engineer and railway developer, and, for more than 20 years, a Member of Parliament (MP). A partner in the firm of Grissell and Peto, he managed construction firms that built many major buildings and monuments in London, including The Reform Club, The Lyceum, Nelson's Column and the new Houses of Parliament; which made him a millionaire.As a partner in Peto and Betts, he then became one of the major contractors in the building of the rapidly expanding railways of the time. Along with a small group of other Master Builders in London he is credited as a founding member of the Chartered Institute of Building in 1834.\n\n", "Q65200": "Hofstetten bei Brienz is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q337504": "The Acad\u00e9mie de la Grande Chaumi\u00e8re is an art school in the Montparnasse district of Paris, France.", "Q608271": "Kajagoogoo were a British new wave band, best known for their 1983 hit single \"Too Shy\", which reached No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart, and the Top 10 in numerous other countries.", "Q1807004": "Latonia Moore (born 1979, in Houston, Texas) is an American soprano. Of African-American ancestry, she grew up with Black music, and at age 8 began to sing in the church choir of the New Sunrise Baptist Church, where her grandfather Cranford Moore was a pastor. In her youth, she sang in the Texas All-State Choir.Moore first studied gospel and jazz, until Pattye Johnstone, one of her teachers at the University of North Texas convinced her to study classical music. Moore made her debut in 1998 at the Palm Beach Opera in West Palm Beach, and was engaged as a student in the same year at the Houston Ebony Opera. She continued as a student of Bill Schuman at the Academy of Vocal Arts, in Philadelphia, where she graduated in 2005. In 2000 she won the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions.\nIn New York City, Moore attracted critical praise for her 2008 performance with the Opera Orchestra of New York in Puccini's Edgar. In March 2012, she made her Metropolitan Opera debut as a late replacement for Violeta Urmana on short notice as A\u00efda in a live broadcast.Moore is featured on commercial recordings of the Mahler Symphony No 2 (Deutsche Grammophon 0289 474 5942 2) and of Verdi's Macbeth (sung in English, Chandos CHAN 3180(2)).In January 2016, Moore performed for the newly revived New York City Opera in Puccini's Tosca at the Rose Theater in Lincoln Center.In April 2016, she sang the lead role of Cio-Cio San in the San Diego Opera's performance of Puccini's Madama Butterfly, garnering critical recognition for her acting, her \"rich, supple and multi-octave soprano voice\" and vocal interpretation.Moore appeared in 2018 with Opera Australia in the title role of Giacomo Puccini's Tosca, delivering a critically acclaimed \"complex performance\" with a voice of \"luxurious colour and brilliance at the top.\"", "Q1142326": "Seine was a department of France encompassing Paris and its immediate suburbs. Its capital was Paris and its official number was 75. The Seine department was abolished in 1968 and its territory divided among four new departments.", "Q106775": "Richard John Harris (1 October 1930 \u2013 25 October 2002) was an Irish actor and singer. He appeared on stage and in many films, appearing as Frank Machin in This Sporting Life, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, and King Arthur in the 1967 film Camelot, as well as the 1981 revival of the stage musical. \nHe played an aristocrat captured by American Indians in A Man Called Horse (1970), a gunfighter in Clint Eastwood's Western film Unforgiven (1992), Emperor Marcus Aurelius in Gladiator (2000), and Albus Dumbledore in the first two Harry Potter films: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002), the latter of which was his final film role. He was replaced by Michael Gambon for the remainder of the series. Harris had a number-one hit in Australia and Canada and a top-ten hit in the United Kingdom, Ireland and United States with his 1968 recording of Jimmy Webb's song \"MacArthur Park\".", "Q129796": "Josiane Kartheiser (born November 28, 1950) is a Luxembourger journalist, novelist, and writer. She writes mainly in German but also in Luxembourgish.\n\n", "Q1620934": "The Historical Cemetery (Historischer Friedhof Weimar) is the main cemetery of Weimar. It includes the Weimarer F\u00fcrstengruft, with which it forms part of the Classical Weimar World Heritage Site.", "Q1159060": "Dan Ettinger (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05df \u05d0\u05d8\u05d9\u05e0\u05d2\u05e8\u200e; born June 10, 1971) is an Israeli conductor, opera singer and pianist.\nHe has been the resident conductor at the Berlin State Opera, and is currently music director of the Mannheim National Theatre, music director of the Israeli Opera, music director and principal conductor of the Israel Symphony Orchestra Rishon LeZion, principal conductor of the Stuttgart Philharmonic Orchestra and conductor laureate of the Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra.Ettinger made his Royal Opera debut in 2010 conducting Rigoletto and has since returned to conduct La traviata and La boh\u00e8me for the company. In the 2016/17 season he returned to conduct Turandot, and in the 2017/18 season to conduct Tosca.", "Q506582": "Ivan Kl\u00edma (born 14 September 1931 in Prague, as Ivan Kauders) is a Czech novelist and playwright. He has received the Magnesia Litera award and the Franz Kafka Prize, among other honors.\n\n", "Q71275": "Spencer Bonaventure Tracy (April 5, 1900 \u2013 June 10, 1967) was an American actor, known for his natural performing style and versatility. One of the major stars of Hollywood's Golden Age, Tracy won two Academy Awards for Best Actor from nine nominations, sharing the record for nominations in the category with Laurence Olivier.\nTracy first discovered his talent for acting while attending Ripon College, and he later received a scholarship for the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. He spent seven years in the theatre, working in a succession of stock companies and intermittently on Broadway. Tracy's breakthrough came in 1930, when his lead performance in The Last Mile caught the attention of Hollywood. After a successful film debut in John Ford's Up the River starring Tracy (and also featuring Humphrey Bogart), he was signed to a contract with Fox Film Corporation. His five years with Fox featured one acting tour de force after another that were usually ignored at the box office, and he remained largely unknown to audiences after 25 films, almost all of them starring Tracy as the leading man. None of them were hits although his performance in The Power and the Glory (1933) was praised at the time.\nIn 1935, Tracy joined Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, then Hollywood's most prestigious studio. His career flourished from Fury (1936) onwards, and in 1937 and 1938 he won consecutive Oscars for Captains Courageous and Boys Town. He made three box-office successes supporting Clark Gable, the studio's most prominent leading man so that by the early 1940s, Tracy was one of the studio's top stars. In 1942, he appeared with Katharine Hepburn in Woman of the Year, beginning another partnership leading to nine movies over 25 years.\nTracy left MGM in 1955, and continued to work regularly as a freelance star, despite an increasing weariness as he aged. His personal life was troubled, with a lifelong struggle against severe alcoholism and guilt over his son's deafness. Tracy became estranged from his wife in the 1930s, but the couple never divorced, conducting a long-term relationship with Katharine Hepburn in private. Towards the end of his life, Tracy worked almost exclusively for director Stanley Kramer. It was for Kramer that he made his last film, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), completed just 17 days before he died.\nDuring his career, Tracy appeared in 75 films and developed a reputation among his peers as one of the screen's greatest actors. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Tracy as the 9th greatest male star of Classic Hollywood Cinema.", "Q230519": "Danay Garc\u00eda (born 5 July 1984) is a Cuban actress and model. She is best known for her roles as Sof\u00eda Lugo on Fox's drama series Prison Break (2007\u20132009) and Luciana Galvez on AMC's horror drama series Fear the Walking Dead (2016\u2013present).\n\n", "Q66709": "Hans Jacob Reissner, also known as Jacob Johannes Reissner (18 January 1874, Berlin \u2013 2 October 1967, Mt. Angel, Oregon), was a German aeronautical engineer whose avocation was mathematical physics. During World War I he was awarded the Iron Cross second class (for civilians) for his pioneering work on aircraft design.\n\n", "Q190071": "Muhammad Ayub Khan (Urdu: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u200e; 14 May 1907 \u2013 19 April 1974), was a Pakistani army general and the second President of Pakistan who forcibly assumed the presidency from the first president Iskander Mirza through coup in 1958, the first successful coup d'\u00e9tat of the country. The popular demonstrations and labour strikes which were supported by the protests in East Pakistan ultimately led to his forced resignation in 1969.\nTrained at the British Royal Military College, Ayub Khan fought in World War II as a colonel in the British Indian Army before deciding to transfer to join the Pakistan Army as an aftermath of partition of British India in 1947. His command assignment included his role as commander of the 14th Division in East-Bengal and elevated as the first native Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army in 1951 by then-Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in a controversial promotion over several senior officers. From 1953 to 1958, he served in the civilian government as Defence and Home Minister and supported President Iskander Mirza's decision to impose martial law against Prime Minister Feroze Khan's administration in 1958. Two weeks later, he took over the presidency from Mirza after the meltdown of civil-military relations between the military and the civilian president.After appointing General Musa Khan as an army c-in-c in 1958, the policy inclination towards the alliance with the United States was pursued that saw the allowance of American access to facilities inside Pakistan, most notably the airbase outside of Peshawar, from which spy missions over the Soviet Union were launched. Relations with neighboring China were strengthened but deteriorated with Soviet Union in 1962, and with India in 1965. In 1965 ended with the Soviet Union facilitating the Tashkent Declaration between two nations. At home front, the policy of privatisation and industrialization was introduced that made the country's economy as Asia's fastest-growing economies. During his tenure, several infrastructure programs were built that consisted the completion of hydroelectric stations, dams and reservoirs, as well as prioritizing the space program but reducing the nuclear deterrence.\nIn 1965, Ayub Khan entered in a presidential race as PML candidate to counter the popular and famed non-partisan Fatima Jinnah and controversially reelected for the second term. He was faced with allegations of widespread intentional vote riggings, authorized political murders in Karachi, and the politics over the unpopular peace treaty with India which many Pakistanis considered an embarrassing compromise. In 1967, he was widely disapproved when the demonstrations across the country were led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto over the price hikes of food consumer products and, dramatically fell amid the popular uprising in East led by Mujibur Rahman in 1969. Forced to resign to avoid further protests while inviting army chief Yahya Khan to impose martial law for the second time, he fought a brief illness and died in 1974.\nHis legacy remains mixed; he is credited with an ostensible economic prosperity and what supporters dub the \"decade of development\", but is criticized for beginning the first of the intelligence agencies' incursions into the national politics, for concentrating corrupt wealth in a few hands, and segregated policies that later led to the breaking-up of nation's unity that resulted in the creation of Bangladesh.", "Q247949": "Bush are an English rock band formed in London, England in 1992. Their current lineup consists of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Gavin Rossdale, lead guitarist Chris Traynor, bassist Corey Britz, and drummer Nik Hughes.\nIn 1994, Bush found immediate success with the release of their debut album, Sixteen Stone, which is certified 6\u00d7 multi-platinum by the RIAA. They went on to become one of the most commercially successful rock bands of the 1990s, selling over 10 million records in the United States and 20 million in the world. \nDespite their success in the US (especially in the mid-1990s), the band were considerably less popular in their home country \u2013 a period when Britpop groups dominated the UK charts and the appeal of the grunge sound had declined \u2013 and they have enjoyed only marginal success there.Bush have had numerous top ten singles on the Billboard rock charts and one No. 1 album with Razorblade Suitcase in 1996. The band broke up in 2002 but reformed in 2010, and have released three albums since then: The Sea of Memories (2011), Man on the Run (2014), and Black and White Rainbows (2017).", "Q102513": "Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe (; June 14, 1811 \u2013 July 1, 1896) was an American abolitionist and author. She came from the Beecher family, a famous religious family, and is best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), which depicts the harsh conditions for enslaved African Americans. The book reached millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States and Great Britain, energizing anti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South. Stowe wrote 30 books, including novels, three travel memoirs, and collections of articles and letters. She was influential for both her writings and her public stances and debates on social issues of the day.", "Q229048": "Melissa Ann McCarthy (born August 26, 1970) is an American actress, comedian, writer, producer, and fashion designer. She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including two Primetime Emmy Awards and nominations for two Academy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards. McCarthy was named by Time as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2016, and she has been featured multiple times in annual rankings of the highest-paid actresses in the world.McCarthy began appearing in television and film in the late 1990s, and first gained recognition for her role as Sookie St. James on the television series Gilmore Girls (2000\u20132007). She played Dena on the ABC sitcom Samantha Who? (2007\u20132009) before starring as Molly Flynn on the CBS sitcom Mike & Molly (2010\u20132016), for which she received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2011. McCarthy's appearances as a host on Saturday Night Live led to a win for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series in 2017.\nMcCarthy gained critical acclaim for her performance in the comedy film Bridesmaids (2011), receiving a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She went on to star in several commercially successful comedies, including Identity Thief (2013), The Heat (2013), Tammy (2014), St. Vincent (2014), Spy (2015), and The Boss (2016). She also expanded into dramatic roles by portraying Lee Israel in the biographical drama film Can You Ever Forgive Me? (2018), for which she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress.\nMcCarthy and her husband Ben Falcone are the founders of the production company On the Day Productions, under which they have collaborated on several comedy films. In 2015, she launched her own clothing line for plus-sized women, named Melissa McCarthy Seven7, and she received a motion picture star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q267441": "Ben Hecht (; February 28, 1893 \u2013 April 18, 1964) was an American screenwriter, director, producer, playwright, journalist, and novelist. A journalist in his youth, he went on to write 35 books and some of the most entertaining screenplays and plays in America. He received screen credits, alone or in collaboration, for the stories or screenplays of some seventy films.\nAt the age of 16, Hecht ran away to Chicago, where, in his own words, he \"haunted streets, whorehouses, police stations, courtrooms, theater stages, jails, saloons, slums, madhouses, fires, murders, riots, banquet halls, and bookshops\". In the 1910s and early 1920s, Hecht became a noted journalist, foreign correspondent, and literary figure. In the 1920s, his co-authored, reporter-themed play, The Front Page, became a Broadway hit.\nThe Dictionary of Literary Biography \u2013 American Screenwriters calls him \"one of the most successful screenwriters in the history of motion pictures\". Hecht received the first Academy Award for Best Story for Underworld (1927). Many of the screenplays he worked on are now considered classics. He also provided story ideas for such films as Stagecoach (1939). Film historian Richard Corliss called him \"the Hollywood screenwriter\", someone who \"personified Hollywood itself\". In 1940, he wrote, produced, and directed Angels Over Broadway, which was nominated for Best Screenplay. In total, six of his movie screenplays were nominated for Academy Awards, with two winning.\nHecht became an active Zionist after meeting Peter Bergson. Shortly before the Holocaust began in Germany, he wrote articles and plays about the plight of European Jews, such as We Will Never Die in 1943 and A Flag is Born in 1946. Of his seventy to ninety screenplays, he wrote many anonymously to avoid the British boycott of his work in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The boycott was a response to Hecht's active support of paramilitary action against British forces in Palestine and sabotaging British property there (see below), during which time a supply ship to Palestine was named the S. S. Ben Hecht.(nl)(he)\nAccording to his autobiography, he never spent more than eight weeks on a script. In 1983, 19 years after his death, Ben Hecht was posthumously inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.", "Q520223": "Maria Sigrid Astrid Borelius is a Swedish born former Minister for Foreign Trade, Science journalist and entrepreneur, working as advisor to global companies, academies and institutions. Maria is a member of the advisory council of Open Europe, a European think tank with offices in London, Brussels and Berlin promoting ideas for economic and political reform of the European Union. Maria is also a Partner with Living Waters, a London-based consultancy focusing on CSR, public affairs and developing fundraising strategies. She is an advisor to the Karolinska Institute, which awards the Nobel prize in medicine, and to Lund University and works as a columnist with the Swedish business daily, Dagens Industri, mainly covering areas of Entrepreneurship, Science, research, globalization and politics.\n\n", "Q78537": "Karl von St\u00fcrgkh (30 October 1859 \u2013 21 October 1916) was an Austrian politician and Minister-President of Cisleithania during the 1914 July Crisis that led to the outbreak of World War I. He was shot and killed by the Social Democratic politician Friedrich Adler.\n\n", "Q859369": "Comedy-drama or dramedy (a portmanteau of drama and comedy), is a genre of dramatic works (including film, television, and theatre) in which plot elements are a combination of comedy and drama. It is a subgenre of contemporary tragicomedy. Comedy-drama is especially found in television programs and is considered a \"hybrid genre\".", "Q92850": "Thomas Douglas Selkirk Duff (born December 8, 1952) is a computer programmer.", "Q1930864": "Michel Modo, born Michel Henri Louis Goi at Carpentras (Vaucluse) (born March 30, 1937 - died September 25, 2008), was a French actor and humorist. Modo died of cancer on September 25, 2008 in Vaires-sur-Marne (Seine-et-Marne).\nHe is best known in France for having formed in the late 1950s a comedy duo, Grosso et Modo, with actor Guy Grosso. The duo appeared in many movies with Louis de Fun\u00e8s, among which the series of Gendarmes de Saint Tropez, where he will played the role of Constable Berlicot alongside Michel Galabru, Jean Lefebvre and Christian Marin. They were also Lafl\u00fbte and Quince in The Dream of a Summer Night by Jean-Christophe Averty.\nBetween 1993 and 1997 he is one of the recurring actors in the television series Highlander as Maurice Lolande, humorous character characterizing the average French person.\nIn December 2005, he stars in the television series Plus belle la vie alongside Colette Renard. He plays a bum philosopher disguised as Santa Claus.\nHe also dubbed several recurring characters in the French version of the animated series The Simpsons. At his sudden death in 2008 at the age of 71, when dubbing the last episodes of season 19, he was replaced on the spot by G\u00e9rard Rinaldi, who died in his turn from cancer on March 2, 2012.", "Q77162": "Walter Simons (24 September 1861 \u2013 14 July 1937) was a German lawyer and politician. He was Foreign Minister of the Weimar Republic in 1920-21 and served as president of the Reichsgericht from 1922 to 1929.", "Q726198": "Walter Quintin Gresham (March 17, 1832 \u2013 May 28, 1895) was a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit and of the United States Circuit Courts for the Seventh Circuit and previously was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Indiana. He served as Postmaster General of the United States and United States Secretary of the Treasury under President Chester A. Arthur and as United States Secretary of State under President Grover Cleveland.", "Q373420": "Bruna Surfistinha (Portuguese for \"Little Surfer Bruna\") is the pen name of Raquel Pacheco (born 28 October 1984), a Brazilian former sex worker who attracted the attention of Brazilian media by publishing, in a blog, her sexual experiences with clients. Bruna explained in television programs that she was a normal girl, who had been adopted by a high/middle-class family but that at around the age of 17 she left her home and her family because of the traditional family oriented views of her father and to start to live on her own. Bruna appeared in various television programs in Brazil and several periodicals and magazines. Her blog attracted more than 50,000 readers per day. She appeared in some pornographic films in Brazil. In 2005, she released a book entitled O Doce Veneno do Escorpi\u00e3o (The Scorpion's Sweet Venom). In just over a month it sold over 30,000 copies in its third edition, and became the best selling book in Brazil. The book was translated into English and published by Bloomsbury Publishing in 2006. Bruna's book also inspired the 2011 Brazilian film Confessions of a Brazilian Call Girl, starring Deborah Secco in the main role, and the 2016 TV series Me Chama de Bruna, starring Maria Bopp in the main role. In 2011, Bruna also appeared in a Brazilian reality show called A Fazenda (local version of The Farm) finishing as the second runner-up (third place). Confessions of a Brazilian Call Girl grossed $12,356,515 in Brazil, first national film after international films in the Brazil 2011 Box Office, thanks to Bruna's popularity with the Brazilian public.", "Q885202": "Bloodbath is a Swedish death metal supergroup from Stockholm, Sweden, formed in 1998. The band has released five full-length albums, two EPs and two DVDs depicting their performances at Wacken Open Air (in 2005) and Bloodstock Open Air (in 2010). The group comprises Martin Axenrot (Opeth), Anders Nystr\u00f6m (Katatonia), Jonas Renkse (Katatonia) and Nick Holmes (Paradise Lost).", "Q278207": "John Oswald (born May 30, 1953 in Kitchener, Ontario) is a Canadian composer, saxophonist, media artist and dancer. His best known project is Plunderphonics, the practice of making new music out of previously existing recordings (see sound collage and musical montage).", "Q16588": "Piz Buin (German pronunciation: [\u02ccpits bu\u02c8i\u02d0n] (listen)) is a mountain in the Silvretta range of the Alps on the border between Austria and Switzerland. It forms the border between the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden and the Austrian state of Vorarlberg and is the highest peak in Vorarlberg.\nIts original name in the Romansh language is Piz Buin Grand. A similar but smaller summit nearby is called Piz Buin Pitschen at 3,255 m (10,680 ft). Piz Buin was first climbed on 14 July 1865 by Joseph Anton Specht and Johann Jakob Weilenmann, guided by Jakob Pfitscher and Franz P\u00f6ll. Piz Buin Pitschen was climbed three years later.\nPiz Buin can be reached from the Wiesbadener hut, crossing the Vermunt glacier, climbing up the Wiesbadener ridge and hiking over the Ochsentaler Glacier to the Buin gap. From the gap there is a zigzag walk to the top, with only a 20 m (65 ft) steep step to surmount before reaching the relatively flat summit space, which has an old wooden cross on the very top. The border between Switzerland and Austria crosses the summit from East to West.", "Q972846": "L\u00e9on Roches (September 27, 1809, Grenoble \u2013 1901) was a representative of the French government in Japan from 1864 to 1868.\nL\u00e9on Roches was a student at the Lyc\u00e9e de Tournon in Grenoble, and followed an education in Law. After only 6 months at university, he quit to assist friends of his father as a trader in Marseilles.", "Q92688": "John R. Pasta (October 22, 1918 \u2013 June 5, 1981) was an American computational physicist and computer scientist who is remembered today for the Fermi\u2013Pasta\u2013Ulam\u2013Tsingou experiment, the result of which was much discussed among physicists and researchers in the fields of dynamical systems and chaos theory, and as the head of the department of Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1964 to 1970.", "Q973580": "Dieter Moebius (16 January 1944 \u2013 20 July 2015) was a Swiss-born German electronic musician and composer, best known as a member of the influential krautrock bands Cluster and Harmonia.\nMoebius was studying art at Berlin's Akademie Grafik and working as a restaurant cook when he met Conrad Schnitzler, founder of the Zodiak Free Arts Lab with Hans-Joachim Roedelius. The trio founded the improv group Kluster in 1969. After the departure of Schnitzler, the duo changed their name to Cluster and relocated to the countryside village of Forst, releasing influential albums such as Zuckerzeit (1974) and Sowiesoso (1976). Moebius would also draw on his graphic design training create the cover artwork for various Cluster albums and related collaborations.Meanwhile Moebius and Roedelius founded the band Harmonia with Michael Rother of Neu!, releasing the albums Musik von Harmonia (1974) and Deluxe (1975). Admirer Brian Eno would subsequently collaborate with both groups. Moebius began recording solo works in the 1970s and was later involved in numerous side-projects with such musicians as Conny Plank and Mani Neumeier (Guru Guru), including the influential 1983 album Zero Set.\n\nMoebius toured with Rother as Rother & Moebius in 2007. Additionally, on 27 November 2007, a Harmonia reunion concert was held in Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, where the band performed together live for the first time since 1976. He died of cancer on 20 July 2015.", "Q333004": "John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir (; 26 August 1875 \u2013 11 February 1940) was a Scottish novelist, historian, and Unionist politician who served as Governor General of Canada, the 15th since Canadian Confederation.\nAfter a brief legal career, Buchan simultaneously began his writing career and his political and diplomatic careers, serving as a private secretary to the administrator of various colonies in southern Africa. He eventually wrote propaganda for the British war effort during World War I. He was elected Member of Parliament for the Combined Scottish Universities in 1927, but he spent most of his time on his writing career, notably writing The Thirty-Nine Steps and other adventure fiction. In 1935, King George V, on the advice of Prime Minister R. B. Bennett, appointed Buchan to replace the Earl of Bessborough as Governor General of Canada, for which purpose Buchan was raised to the peerage. He occupied the post until his death in 1940.\nBuchan was enthusiastic about literacy and the development of Canadian culture, and he received a state funeral in Canada before his ashes were returned to the United Kingdom.", "Q289598": "Falling Down is a 1993 crime thriller film directed by Joel Schumacher and written by Ebbe Roe Smith. The film stars Michael Douglas in the lead role of William Foster, a divorced and unemployed former defense engineer. The film centers on Foster as he treks on foot across the city of Los Angeles, trying to reach the house of his estranged ex-wife in time for his daughter's birthday. Along the way, a series of encounters, both trivial and provocative, causes him to react with increasing violence and make sardonic observations on life, poverty, the economy, and commercialism. Robert Duvall co-stars as Martin Prendergast, an aging Los Angeles Police Department sergeant on the day of his retirement, who faces his own frustrations - even as he tracks down Foster.", "Q75775": "Carl Grunert (1865\u20131918) was a German poet and writer.", "Q1859178": "The University of Strathclyde is a public research university located in Glasgow, Scotland. Founded in 1796 as the Andersonian Institute, it is Glasgow's second-oldest university, having received its royal charter in 1964 as the first technological university in the United Kingdom. Taking its name from the historic Kingdom of Strathclyde, it is Scotland's third-largest university by number of students, with students and staff from over 100 countries.The institution was named University of the Year 2012 by Times Higher Education and again in 2019, becoming the only university to receive this award twice.It was Entrepreneurial University of the year 2013 by Times Higher Education. The annual income of the institution for 2017\u201318 was \u00a3304.4 million of which \u00a368.9 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3304.0 million.Entry into many of the courses in the university is competitive and successful entrants in 2015 had an average of 480 UCAS points. It is also one of the 39 old universities in the UK comprising the distinctive second cluster of elite universities after Oxbridge.", "Q1261547": "Bruno Brun (1910\u20131978) was a Yugoslav clarinetist and professor at the Belgrade Music Academy.", "Q648133": "The German Fatherland Party (German: Deutsche Vaterlandspartei) was a short-lived far-right party in the German Empire, active during the last phase of World War I.", "Q232468": "Gianna Nannini (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0292anna nan\u02c8ni\u02d0ni]; born 14 June 1954) is an Italian recording artist and singer-songwriter. Among her songs, \"Bello e impossibile\" (1986) was an international hit in Austria, Germany, Italy and Switzerland.", "Q63117": "Otto Wilhelm Rahn (18 February 1904 \u2013 13 March 1939) was a German writer, medievalist, Ariosophist, and an officer of the SS and researcher into the Grail myths. He was born in Michelstadt, Germany, and died in S\u00f6ll (Kufstein, Tyrol) in Austria. Speculation still surrounds Otto Rahn and his research.", "Q194565": "Welt am Sonntag (German for World on Sunday) is a German Sunday newspaper published in Germany.", "Q140052": "Zadie Adeline Smith FRSL (born 25 October 1975) is an English novelist, essayist, and short-story writer. Her debut novel, White Teeth (2000), immediately became a best-seller and won a number of awards. She has been a tenured professor in the Creative Writing faculty of New York University since September 2010.", "Q101768": "Florian Stetter (born Munich, August 2, 1977) is a German actor.\n\n", "Q23527": "Timothy David Minchin (born 7 October 1975) is an Australian comedian, actor, writer, musician, composer, lyricist, and director. He was born in Northampton, England, to Australian parents, but raised in Perth, Western Australia.Minchin is best known for his musical comedy, including six CDs, five DVDs, and live comedy shows that he has performed internationally. He has appeared on television in Australia, Britain, and the United States. After growing up in Perth, he attended the University of Western Australia (UWA) and the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts (WAAPA), before moving to Melbourne in 2002. His show Darkside launched him into the public eye, achieving critical success at the 2005 Melbourne International Comedy Festival and the 2005 Edinburgh Festival Fringe. In 2013, Minchin played the role of rock star Atticus Fetch on Showtime's Californication.Minchin has a background in theatre and has appeared in various stage productions, in addition to some small acting roles on Australian television. A documentary film about Minchin, Rock N Roll Nerd (directed by Rhian Skirving), was released theatrically in 2008 and broadcast by ABC1 in 2009. He is the composer and lyricist of the Olivier Award-winning, Tony Award-winning and Grammy Award-nominated show Matilda the Musical, based on the Roald Dahl book Matilda. His musical Groundhog Day, based on the 1993 film, opened in London in 2016, winning his second Olivier Award, and opened on Broadway in spring 2017.\nIn 2013, the University of Western Australia awarded Minchin an honorary Doctor of Letters degree for his contribution to the arts, recognising his outstanding achievements and worldwide acclaim as a composer, lyricist, actor, writer, and comedian. In 2015, he was awarded a second honorary Doctor of Letters degree from Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts.Minchin was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2020 Australia Day honours.\n\n", "Q12922": "Pierre-Alain Muet (born 1 January 1945 in Lyon) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Rh\u00f4ne department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.\n\n", "Q714880": "Alfred Damon Runyon (October 4, 1880 \u2013 December 10, 1946) was an American newspaperman and short-story writer.He was best known for his short stories celebrating the world of Broadway in New York City that grew out of the Prohibition era. To New Yorkers of his generation, a \"Damon Runyon character\" evoked a distinctive social type from the Brooklyn or Midtown demi-monde. The adjective \"Runyonesque\" refers to this type of character as well as to the type of situations and dialog that Runyon depicted. He spun humorous and sentimental tales of gamblers, hustlers, actors, and gangsters, few of whom go by \"square\" names, preferring instead colorful monikers such as \"Nathan Detroit\", \"Benny Southstreet\", \"Big Jule\", \"Harry the Horse\", \"Good Time Charley\", \"Dave the Dude\", or \"The Seldom Seen Kid\". His distinctive vernacular style is known as \"Runyonese\": a mixture of formal speech and colorful slang, almost always in present tense, and always devoid of contractions. He is credited with coining the phrase \"Hooray Henry\", a term now used in British English to describe an upper-class, loud-mouthed, arrogant twit.\nRunyon's fictional world is also known to the general public through the musical Guys and Dolls based on two of his stories, \"The Idyll of Miss Sarah Brown\" and \"Blood Pressure\". The musical additionally borrows characters and story elements from a few other Runyon stories, most notably \"Pick The Winner\". The film Little Miss Marker (and its three remakes, Sorrowful Jones, 40 Pounds of Trouble and the 1980 Little Miss Marker) grew from his short story of the same name.\nRunyon was also a newspaper reporter, covering sports and general news for decades for various publications and syndicates owned by William Randolph Hearst. Already known for his fiction, he wrote a well-remembered \"present tense\" article on Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Presidential inauguration in 1933 for the Universal Service, a Hearst syndicate, which was merged with the co-owned International News Service in 1937.\n\n", "Q118239": "Ernest Chuard (31 July 1857, in Corcelles-pr\u00e8s-Payerne \u2013 9 November 1942) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1919\u20131928).\n\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 11 December 1919 and handed over office on 31 December 1928. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party. \nDuring his office time he held the Department of Home Affairs and he was President of the Confederation in 1924.", "Q274429": "\u00c9douard Ren\u00e9 Lef\u00e8bvre de Laboulaye (French pronunciation: \u200b[edwa\u0281 \u0281\u0259ne l\u0259f\u025bv\u0281 d\u0259 labul\u025b]; 18 January 1811 \u2013 25 May 1883) was a French jurist, poet, author and anti-slavery activist. In 1865 he originated the idea of a monument presented by the French people to the United States that resulted in the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. He got the idea thinking that this would help strengthen their relationship with the United States.\nLaboulaye was received at the bar in 1842, and was chosen professor of comparative law at the Coll\u00e8ge de France in 1849. Following the Paris Commune of 1870, he was elected to the national assembly, representing the departement of the Seine. As secretary of the committee of thirty on the constitution he was effective in combatting the Monarchists in establishing the Third Republic. In 1875, he was elected a life senator, and in 1876 he was appointed administrator of the Coll\u00e8ge de France, resuming his lectures on comparative legislation in 1877. Laboulaye was also chairman of the French Anti-Slavery Society.\nLaboulaye was president of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d'\u00e9conomie politique.Always a careful observer of the politics of the United States, and an admirer of its constitution, he wrote a three-volume work on the political history of the United States, and published it in Paris during the height of the politically repressed Second Empire. During the American Civil War, he was a zealous advocate of the Union cause and the abolition of slavery, publishing histories of the cultural connections of the two nations. At the war's conclusion in 1865, he became president of the French Emancipation Committee that aided newly freed slaves in the U.S. The same year he had the idea of presenting a statue representing liberty as a gift to the United States, a symbol for ideas suppressed by Napoleon III. The sculptor Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Auguste Bartholdi, one of Laboulaye's friends, turned the idea into reality.", "Q185468": "Ian Stuart Donaldson (11 August 1957 \u2013 24 September 1993), also known as Ian Stuart, was a musician from Poulton-le-Fylde, Lancashire. He was best known as the front-man of Skrewdriver, an English Oi! band which, from 1982 onwards, he rebranded as a Rock Against Communism band. He raised money through patriotic nationalist concerts with his Blood and Honour network.", "Q1871838": "Louis M. Rabinowitz (1887\u20131957) was an American businessman, philanthropist and art collector. Born in Lithuania (then part of the Russian Empire), he emigrated to the United States, where he founded a manufacturing company and became a millionaire. He established endowments at Yale University and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He funded Nelson Glueck's archaeological trips to the Negev of Israel. His art collection is held posthumously at the Yale University Art Gallery.\n\n", "Q235313": "Olga Edna Purviance (; October 21, 1895 \u2013 January 13, 1958) was an American actress of the silent film era. She was the leading lady in many of Charlie Chaplin's early films and in a span of eight years, she appeared in over 30 films with him.", "Q63103": "Walther Karl Friedrich Ernst Emil Freiherr von L\u00fcttwitz (2 February 1859 \u2013 20 September 1942) was a German general who fought in World War I. L\u00fcttwitz is best known for being the driving force behind the Kapp\u2013L\u00fcttwitz Putsch of 1920 which attempted to replace the democratic government of the Weimar Republic with a military dictatorship.", "Q83791": "Saving Grace is a 2000 British comedy film, directed by Nigel Cole, starring Brenda Blethyn and Craig Ferguson. The screenplay was written by Ferguson and Mark Crowdy. Set in Cornwall, the film tells the story of a middle aged widow whose irresponsible husband left her in an enormous debt, forcing her to grow cannabis in her greenhouse along with her gardener Matthew to avoid losing her house. It was co-produced by Fine Line Features, Homerun Productions, Portman Entertainment, Sky Pictures, and Wave Pictures and filmed in London and the villages of Boscastle and Port Isaac in Cornwall. Distributed by 20th Century Fox in major territories, the film premiered at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival, where it won Cole the Audience Award for World Cinema.Critical reaction to Saving Grace was generally positive and it received favourable commercial notice for an independent British comedy film, eventually grossing $26,330,482 worldwide, following its theatrical release in the United States. The film received awards from the Norwegian International Film Festival and the Munich Film Festival, also receiving a BAFTA Award nomination for Crowdy, and ALFS Award, Golden Globe and Satellite Award nominations for Blethyn and her performance. Following Saving Grace's release, two television film prequels to the film were produced along with a highly successful ITV spin off series called Doc Martin, starring Martin Clunes in his role as Dr. Martin Ellingham in a name switch after appearing in the film as Bamford\n\n", "Q444969": "Aleksey Vasilievich Koltsov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u043e\u0301\u0432) (October 15, 1809 \u2013 October 29, 1842) was a Russian poet who has been called a Russian Burns. His poems, frequently placed in the mouth of women, stylize peasant-life songs and idealize agricultural labour. Koltsov earnestly collected Russian folklore which strongly influenced his poetry. He celebrated simple peasants, their work and their lives. Many of his poems were put to music by such composers as Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky, and Rimsky-Korsakov.", "Q58195": "Prince Karel Schwarzenberg (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283vartsn\u0329b\u025brk], born 10 December 1937) is a Czech politician, former leader of the TOP 09 party and its candidate for President of the Czech Republic in the 2013 election. Currently, he serves as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP).\nFrom July 1990 to July 1992 Schwarzenberg served as the chancellor (director of the presidential office) to V\u00e1clav Havel, while he was president. He went on to be elected as Senator for the municipal district Prague 6 from 2004 to 2010 and to serve as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic from 2007 to 2009 and again from 2010 to 2013, originally as a non-partisan minister nominated by the Green Party. In May 2010, he was elected as a Member of Parliament for the newly founded pro-European centre-right party TOP 09, gaining the largest number of preference votes. He was candidate for President of the Czech Republic in the 2013 presidential election, and qualified for the second round, finishing as runner-up, with 45.19% of the votes. Schwarzenberg is noted for his pro-European views.Schwarzenberg has been the head of the House of Schwarzenberg, a formerly leading family of the Habsburg empire, since 1979. He is related to Prince Felix of Schwarzenberg, a statesman of the Austrian Empire. From 1948 to 1990, he lived in Austria, where he was known as Karl Schwarzenberg, and was involved in politics for the Austrian People's Party and became a noted critic of human-rights violations in the eastern bloc, chairing the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights. Following the fall of communism, he became a close adviser to V\u00e1clav Havel and relocated to Prague.\nHe is married to Therese Hardegg (Therese Countess zu Hardegg auf Glatz und im Machlande) and they have three children, all of whom live in Austria. His full noble title and style is: His Serene Highness The 12th Prince of Schwarzenberg (First Majorat) and 7th Prince of Schwarzenberg (Second Majorat), Count of Sulz, Princely Landgrave in Klettgau, Duke of Krumlov (Czech: Karel Jan Nepomuk Josef Norbert Bed\u0159ich Anton\u00edn Vratislav Menas kn\u00ed\u017ee ze Schwarzenbergu; German: Karl Johannes Nepomuk Josef Norbert Friedrich Antonius Wratislaw Menas F\u00fcrst zu Schwarzenberg).", "Q962499": "Morristown is a town and the county seat of Morris County, New Jersey, United States. Morristown has been called \"the military capital of the American Revolution\" because of its strategic role in the war for independence from Great Britain. Today this history is visible in a variety of locations throughout the town that collectively make up Morristown National Historical Park.\nAccording to British colonial records, the first permanent European settlement at Morristown occurred in 1715, when a settlement was founded as New Hanover by colonists from New York and Connecticut. Morris County was created on March 15, 1739, from portions of Hunterdon County. The county, and ultimately Morristown itself, was named for the popular Governor of the Province, Lewis Morris, who championed land ownership rights for colonists.Morristown was incorporated as a town by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 6, 1865, within Morris Township, and it was formally set off from the township in 1895. As of the 2010 United States Census, the town's population was 18,411, reflecting a decline of 133 (-0.7%) from the 18,544 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 2,355 (+14.5%) from the 16,189 counted in the 1990 Census.", "Q70619": "Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It was formed on 1 January 2010 through the merger of Alt St. Johann and Wildhaus.", "Q1337067": "Nikos Dimou (Greek: \u039d\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5), born in 1935 in Athens, is a Greek writer and columnist. He started out as a copywriter and went on to become one of the best-known Greek intellectuals.\n\n", "Q1888523": "Giovanni Battista Agostino Codazzi (alternatively known in Latin America as Agust\u00edn Codazzi; 12 July 1793 - 7 February 1859) was an Italo-Venezuelan soldier, scientist, geographer, cartographer, and governor of Barinas (1846-1847). He made his main investigations and cartographic work in Venezuela and Colombia, thereby creating for both countries a complete set of maps and statistics after the tumultuous post-independence years from the Spanish Empire.", "Q42346134": "The Catalan State (Spanish: Estado Catal\u00e1n; Catalan: Estat Catal\u00e0) was a short-lived state proclaimed in 1873, during the First Spanish Republic, by the Provincial Deputation of Barcelona. It included the four provinces of Catalonia and the Balearic Islands.", "Q3525041": "Thomas Delavall (also spelled Delaval or DeLavall; 1620 \u2013 1682) was a British-born American official and businessman. He was appointed the 2nd, 5th and 11th Mayor of New York City on three separate occasions, in 1666, 1671 and 1678 respectively.Born in London, England, Delavall first came to America in 1664 as an officer in Richard Nicolls' army, in which he later accompanied in the Invasion of New York City. Often referred to as \"Captain\", he had since became a prominent citizen in the community owning a large amount of real estate around the colony, such as houses in New York City and Kingston, along with a mill in Yonkers, and land in Gravesend. Delavall was first appointed Receiver-General of New York City in 1664. He was a member of the Governor's Council of Advisors in 1667, and a judge of the province in 1679.He was appointed the second mayor of New York City in 1666, succeeding Thomas Willett. He would be reappointed again in 1671, and lastly again in 1678.Delavall's daughter married William Dervall, another future mayor of the city. Delavall died in 1682 shortly after writing his will.", "Q71507": "Louise Otto-Peters (26 March 1819, Meissen \u2013 13 March 1895, Leipzig) was a German suffragist and women's rights movement activist who wrote novels, poetry, essays, and libretti. She wrote for Der Wandelstern [The Wandering Star] and S\u00e4chsische Vaterlandsbl\u00e4tter [Saxon Fatherland Pages], and founded Frauen-Zeitung and Neue Bahnen specifically for women. She is widely acknowledged as the founder of the Allgemeiner Deutscher Frauenverein .", "Q963787": "James Thurston Nabors (June 12, 1930 \u2013 November 30, 2017) was an American actor, singer, and comedian.\nNabors was born and raised in Sylacauga, Alabama, but later moved to southern California because of an asthmatic condition. He was discovered by Andy Griffith while working at a Santa Monica nightclub, and he later joined The Andy Griffith Show as Gomer Pyle. The character proved popular, and Nabors was given his own spin-off show Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. He was best known for his portrayal of Gomer Pyle, but he also became a popular guest on variety shows which showcased his rich baritone singing voice in the 1960s and 1970s, including frequent appearances on the Carol Burnett Show and two specials of his own in 1969 and 1974. He signed a recording contract with Columbia Records in 1965 and subsequently recorded numerous albums and singles, most of them containing romantic ballads. He recorded for Ranwood Records during the late 1970s.\nNabors was also known for singing \"Back Home Again in Indiana\" prior to the start of the Indianapolis 500, held annually over the Memorial Day weekend. He sang the unofficial Indiana anthem almost every year from 1972 to 2014, except for occasional absences due to illness or scheduling conflicts.", "Q526120": "Leena Maria \"Awa\" Peisa (born 16 March 1979 in Vantaa, Finland) is a keyboard player. Peisa's former bands include Lordi, Punaiset Messiaat and Dolchamar. Currently she plays in Lordi's ex-drummer's Kita's band \"Sampsa Astala & Qma\".", "Q691134": "The Drusenfluh is a mountain in the R\u00e4tikon range of the Alps, located on the border between Austria and Switzerland.\nAccording to the Swisstopo map, the mountain both includes the 2827 m Drusenfluh on the border and the three peaks named the Drei T\u00fcrme (\"Three Towers\"), the highest of which (2830 m) is north of the main ridge on the Austrian site. The Drusenfluh and Drei T\u00fcrme are separated by the 2637 m Eisj\u00f6chl.\nAfter Christian Zudrell's first ascent, it took 18 years before a second ascent was successful. This second tour ended all doubts about the first ascent as the two mountaineers, Karl Blodig und Eugen Sohm, encountered a rock on the peak of the mountain, that had the signs \"C Z 70\" engraved, the \"visiting card\" that Zudrell had left on the peak. This piece of rock was brought to the Lindauer H\u00fctte in 1995 to protect it, as weather and lightnings had destroyed it more and more.\nThere are several routes for climbers mainly in the sheer drops of the southern face (which is the Graub\u00fcnden side on Swiss territory.) From the Austrian side, one of the Drei T\u00fcrme can be reached via a mountain path from the Lindauer Hut (Swiss grade T4, signposted white and blue).The multi-day hike \"Pr\u00e4ttigauer H\u00f6henweg\" passes south of the mountain.", "Q1096611": "Claude Dauphin (19 August 1903 \u2013 16 November 1978) was a French actor. He appeared in more than 130 films between 1930 and 1978.\nHe was born in Corbeil-Essonnes, Essonne. His father was Maurice \u00c9tienne Legrand, a poet who wrote as Franc-Nohain, and who was the librettist for Maurice Ravel's opera L'heure espagnole. His elder brother was the writer Jean Nohain.\nDauphin's debut on film came in La Vagabonde (1930). He debuted on stage in Chapeau Chinois (1930) in Paris.Dauphin married three times: first to Rosine Derean, then to the actress Maria Mauban who bore him a child, Jean-Claude Dauphin, also an actor. Eventually, in 1955, Dauphin married American actress Norma Eberhardt. The couple divided their time between Paris, Los Angeles, New York City and Ocean Township, New Jersey. They remained together until Dauphin's death in Paris in 1978.", "Q206901": "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neurone disease (MND) or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a disease that causes the death of neurons controlling voluntary muscles. Some also use the term motor neuron disease for a group of conditions of which ALS is the most common. ALS is characterized by stiff muscles, muscle twitching, and gradually worsening weakness due to muscles decreasing in size. It may begin with weakness in the arms or legs, or with difficulty speaking or swallowing. About half of the people affected develop at least mild difficulties with thinking and behavior and most people experience pain. Most eventually lose the ability to walk, use their hands, speak, swallow, and breathe.The cause is not known in 90% to 95% of cases, but is believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors. The remaining 5\u201310% of cases are inherited from a person's parents. About half of these genetic cases are due to one of two specific genes. The underlying mechanism involves damage to both upper and lower motor neurons. The diagnosis is based on a person's signs and symptoms, with testing done to rule out other potential causes.No cure for ALS is known. The goal of treatment is to improve symptoms. A medication called riluzole may extend life by about two to three months. Non-invasive ventilation may result in both improved quality and length of life. Mechanical ventilation can prolong survival but does not stop disease progression. A feeding tube may help. The disease can affect people of any age, but usually starts around the age of 60 and in inherited cases around the age of 50. The average survival from onset to death is two to four years, though this can vary, and about 10% survive longer than 10 years. Most die from respiratory failure. In Europe, the disease affects about two to three people per 100,000 per year. Rates in much of the world are unclear. In the United States, it is more common in white people than black people.Descriptions of the disease date back to at least 1824 by Charles Bell. In 1869, the connection between the symptoms and the underlying neurological problems was first described by Jean-Martin Charcot, who in 1874 began using the term amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It became well known in the United States in the 20th century when in 1939 it affected baseball player Lou Gehrig and later worldwide following the 1963 diagnosis of cosmologist Stephen Hawking. The first ALS gene was discovered in 1993 while the first animal model was developed in 1994. In 2014, videos of the Ice Bucket Challenge went viral on the Internet and increased public awareness of the condition.\n\n", "Q240954": "Grigol Robakidze (Georgian: \u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd\u10da \u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4) (October 28, 1880, Sviri (West Georgia) \u2013 November 19, 1962, Geneva) was a Georgian writer, publicist, and public figure primarily known for his prose and anti-Soviet \u00e9migr\u00e9 activities.", "Q362539": "Asb\u00f3th Oszk\u00e1r, also rendered as Oskar Asboth, (31 March 1891 in Pankota \u2013 27 February 1960 in Budapest) was a Hungarian aviation engineer often credited with the invention of the helicopter. His machine used stacked counterrotating propellers; Asb\u00f3th never solved the problem of in-flight stability, this was left to others.\nHe grew up in Arad, which is today part of Romania, and at a very young age began to explore the possibilities of human flight. Like most of the pioneers of aviation he was confronted with the challenge of stabilising the movement of the aeroplane, and to this end developed numerous devices. He sent one of his devices to the headquarters of the Air Force in Vienna.\nAs a result he made something of a name for himself while still very young. For his military service he was sent to the propeller development facility of Fischamend. During the First World War he was involved in the selection of propellers for the various types of aeroplane engine. He had a clear understanding of the principles involved in propeller development and production and was soon in a position to patent his own design for straight-edged, more efficient propellers, which could also be manufactured more simply.\nAsb\u00f3th's design was successful and his propellers were used by several types of aeroplane in the First World War. From 1918, Asb\u00f3th's propellers were mass-produced in the First Propeller Works at Albertfalva, next to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy's biggest aircraft-manufacturing plant, under Asb\u00f3th's supervision until the collapse of the monarchy. After the war a new propeller works, the \"Express\" Works, was built, which, until 1922 as a result of the aviation ban, produced mainly propellers for aircraft and boats. After the ban was lifted this company become the Oszk\u00e1r Asb\u00f3th Aircraft Factory and began manufacturing in Budapest their patent light wooden car bodies, aeroplanes and propellers. The fuselages for Lajos Rotter's FEIRO-1 and for the Lampich L-1 flown by the amateur pilots of the technical university were built here.\n\nIn 1928, Asb\u00f3th followed up the earlier experimental work on vertical take-off aircraft, carried out during World War I by Petr\u00f3czy, K\u00e1rm\u00e1n and Zurovec. The original prototypes carried a car for an observer and allowed rapid vertical flight using tethering cables to hold them in position and aid stability.The aim of his experiments was to develop the device attached to a rope that was released into an aircraft that could fly freely through the air. Over the two years of experimentation the two large wooden propellers - positioned one above the other and rotating in opposite directions - managed to raise Asb\u00f3th's device into the air together with its pilot more than 250 times and for periods of almost one hour. But because of their rigid propellers Asb\u00f3th's \"helicopters\" became unstable when moving forward or when subjected to a strong side wind. Thanks to his ability with the pen and knowledge of foreign languages and guided by his business sense Asb\u00f3th ensured that news of his experiments travelled round the world and the great newspapers of the world described at length what were considered to be the first successful helicopter flights. Thanks to his shrewd business sense Asb\u00f3th was able to profit from his inventions.\nHe was director of Austria's Central Experimental Station.In Hungary, Asb\u00f3th also experimented with automobiles powered by propellers. Due to a structural defect. this experiment resulted in a fatal accident, for which Asb\u00f3th was considered to be responsible and as a result he was condemned. Following this set-back, Asb\u00f3th took advantage of his outstanding international reputation and was able to continue his experimental work on helicopters, working for French, English and German companies.\nHe moved to the UK before the start of the Second World War.In 1941, he left Germany and returned to Hungary, where he experimented on boats powered by aircraft propellers and contributed to scientific journals. He continued this work after 1945 and worked as an expert for Innovations Implementation Company until his death. For his work on the development of aircraft propellers and his experimental work in general he received several Hungarian and international awards.\nHe died in Budapest at the age of 69.", "Q220078": "Sir Kingsley William Amis, (16 April 1922 \u2013 22 October 1995) was an English novelist, poet, critic and teacher. He wrote more than 20 novels, six volumes of poetry, a memoir, short stories, radio and television scripts, and works of social and literary criticism. He is best known for satirical comedies such as One Fat Englishman (1963), Ending Up (1974), Jake's Thing (1978) and The Old Devils (1986). His biographer, Zachary Leader, called Amis \"the finest English comic novelist of the second half of the twentieth century.\" He was the father of the novelist Martin Amis. In 2008, The Times ranked him ninth on a list of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945.", "Q760867": "John Case is the pseudonym of Jim Hougan and Carolyn Hougan, husband and wife, both published authors in their own right.Jim Hougan is also an investigative journalist and broadcaster. He lives in Afton, Virginia.\nThe joint writings of Jim and Carolyn have now ended following the death of Carolyn Hougan from cancer on February 25, 2007.\n\n", "Q174491": "Robert Biedro\u0144 (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8r\u0254b\u025brt \u02c8bjedr\u0254\u0272]; born 13 April 1976) is a Polish politician, former mayor of S\u0142upsk and LGBT activist.\nHe was a member of the Sejm during its 7th session (2011-2014). He's also a former member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe. He was mayor of S\u0142upsk from 2014 to 2018.\nHe launched a new political party called Spring in February 2019, and was elected a Member of the European Parliament on his party's list on 26 May 2019. He is one of the three leaders of The Left (Lewica), a political alliance founded to contest the 2019 parliamentary election composed of the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD), Spring and the Left Together (Lewica Razem).\nHe will be one of the candidates for the Polish presidential election 2020 for Spring.\n\n", "Q154741": "The Confederation of the Rhine (German: Rheinbund; French: officially \u00c9tats conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s du Rhin (Confederated States of the Rhine), but in practice Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration du Rhin) was a confederation of client states of the First French Empire. It was formed initially from sixteen German states by Napoleon after he defeated Austria and Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz. The Treaty of Pressburg, in effect, led to the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine, which lasted from 1806 to 1813.The members of the confederation were German princes (F\u00fcrsten) formerly within the Holy Roman Empire. They were later joined by 19 others, altogether ruling a total of over 15 million subjects providing a significant strategic advantage to the French Empire on its eastern frontier by providing a separation between France and the two largest German states, Prussia and Austria (which also controlled substantial non-German lands to its north, east and south), to the east, which were not members of the Confederation of the Rhine.", "Q187519": "Charles III (17 September 879 \u2013 7 October 929), called the Simple or the Straightforward (from the Latin Carolus Simplex), was the King of West Francia from 898 until 922 and the King of Lotharingia from 911 until 919\u201323. He was a member of the Carolingian dynasty.", "Q3369762": "The OPANAL (which stands for el Organismo para la Proscripci\u00f3n de las Armas Nucleares en la Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe) is an international organization which promotes a non-aggression pact and nuclear disarmament in much of the Americas. In English, its name is the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean. The agency was created as a result of the Treaty of Tlatelolco, ratified in 1969, which forbids its signatory nations from use, storage, or transport of nuclear weapons.\nThe first official Secretary General was Leopoldo Benites from Ecuador.", "Q486382": "The Mausoleum of Hadrian, usually known as Castel Sant'Angelo (Italian pronunciation: [ka\u02c8st\u025bl san\u02c8tand\u0292elo]; English: Castle of the Holy Angel), is a towering cylindrical building in Parco Adriano, Rome, Italy. It was initially commissioned by the Roman Emperor Hadrian as a mausoleum for himself and his family. The building was later used by the popes as a fortress and castle, and is now a museum. The structure was once the tallest building in Rome.", "Q189534": "Arvo P\u00e4rt (Estonian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0251rvo \u02c8p\u00e6rt]; born 11 September 1935) is an Estonian composer of classical and religious music. Since the late 1970s, P\u00e4rt has worked in a minimalist style that employs his self-invented compositional technique, tintinnabuli. P\u00e4rt's music is in part inspired by Gregorian chant. His most performed works include Fratres (1977), Spiegel im Spiegel (1978), and F\u00fcr Alina (1976). From 2011 to 2018, P\u00e4rt was the most performed living composer in the world, then the second most performed. The Arvo P\u00e4rt Centre, in Laulasmaa, was opened to the public in 2018.", "Q103619": "Paul Grottkau (1846\u20131898) was a German-American socialist political activist and newspaper publisher. Grottkau is best remembered as an editor alongside Haymarket affair victim August Spies of the Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung, one of the leading American radical newspapers of the decade of the 1880s. Later moving to Milwaukee, Grottkau became one of the leading luminaries of the socialist movement in Wisconsin.", "Q1002064": "J\u00e1nos Flisz\u00e1r (Slovene: Jano\u0161 Flisar; June 21, 1856 \u2013 June 21, 1947) was a Hungarian Slovenian translator, poet, writer, journalist, and teacher.\nHe was born in the village of \u0160alamenci in the Prekmurje region of the Kingdom of Hungary; his parents were Mikl\u00f3s Flisz\u00e1r and Ilona Zsibrik. He enrolled in the elementary school in Puconci in 1862, and later studied in Nemescs\u00f3 near K\u0151szeg. Until 1868 he studied at the Lutheran Lyceum in Sopron, graduating in June 1875. In October the same year he started working as teacher in Kri\u017eevci. Hhere he married to daughter of the writer J\u00e1nos Berke in 1878 (she died in 1905).\nIn 1911 he retired and worked in Murska Sobota. Until 1923 he worked as the director of the Murska Sobota dormitory.\nFlisz\u00e1r wrote some poetry and translated the Hungarian literature (by J\u00e1nos Arany, K\u00e1lm\u00e1n Miksz\u00e1th, S\u00e1ndor Pet\u0151fi, M\u00f3r J\u00f3kai, etc.). His translations were published in the United States, in the newspaper Amerikanszki Szlovencov gl\u00e1sz, published by the Hungarian Slovenian and Prekmurje immigrants to the United States.\nAfter World War I, Flisz\u00e1r lived in Yugoslavia and supported radical Hungarian irredentism. His Magyar-vend sz\u00f3t\u00e1r (Hungarian-Slovene Dictionary) contains 50,000 words.", "Q26339": "Jersey City is the second-most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey, after Newark. It is the seat of Hudson County as well as the county's largest city. In 2018, the U.S Census Bureau calculated Jersey City's population at 265,549, with the largest population increase of any municipality in New Jersey since 2010, an increase of about 9.4% from the 2010 United States Census, when the city's population was at 247,597, ranking the city the 78th-most-populous in the U.S.After a peak population of 316,715 measured in the 1930 Census, the city's population saw a half-century-long decline to a nadir of 223,532 in the 1980 Census. Since then, the city's population has rebounded, with the 2010 population reflecting an increase of 7,542 (+3.1%) from the 240,055 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 11,518 (+5.0%) from the 228,537 counted in the 1990 Census.Part of the New York metropolitan area, Jersey City is bounded on the east by the Hudson River and Upper New York Bay and on the west by the Hackensack River and Newark Bay. A port of entry, with 30.7 miles (49.4 km) of waterfront and extensive rail infrastructure and connectivity, the city is an important transportation terminus and distribution and manufacturing center for the Port of New York and New Jersey. Jersey City shares significant mass transit connections with Manhattan. Redevelopment of the Jersey City waterfront has made the city one of the largest centers of banking and finance in the United States and has led to the district and city being nicknamed Wall Street West.", "Q11595": "John Adair (January 9, 1757 \u2013 May 19, 1840) was an American pioneer, soldier, and politician. He was the eighth Governor of Kentucky and represented the state in both the U.S. House and Senate. A native of South Carolina, Adair enlisted in the state militia and served in the Revolutionary War, during which he was twice captured and held as a prisoner of war by the British. Following the War, he was elected as a delegate to South Carolina's convention to ratify the United States Constitution.\nAfter moving to Kentucky in 1786, Adair participated in the Northwest Indian War, including a skirmish with the Miami Chief Little Turtle near Fort St. Clair in 1792. Popular for his service in two wars, he entered politics in 1792 as a delegate to Kentucky's constitutional convention. Adair was elected to a total of eight terms in the state House of Representatives between 1793 and 1803. He served as Speaker of the Kentucky House in 1802 and 1803, and was a delegate to the state's Second Constitutional Convention in 1799. He ascended to the United States Senate to fill the seat vacated when John Breckinridge resigned to become Attorney General of the United States in the Cabinet of Thomas Jefferson, but failed to win a full term in the subsequent election due to his implication in a treason conspiracy involving Vice President Aaron Burr. After a long legal battle, he was acquitted of any wrongdoing; and his accuser, General James Wilkinson, was ordered to issue an apology. The negative publicity kept him out of politics for more than a decade.\nAdair's participation in the War of 1812, and a subsequent protracted defense of Kentucky's soldiers against General Andrew Jackson's charges that they showed cowardice at the Battle of New Orleans, restored his reputation. He returned to the State House in 1817, and Isaac Shelby, his commanding officer in the War who was serving a second term as governor, appointed him adjutant general of the state militia. In 1820, Adair was elected eighth governor on a platform of financial relief for Kentuckians hit hard by the Panic of 1819, and the ensuing economic recession. His primary effort toward this end was the creation of the Bank of the Commonwealth, but many of his other financial reforms were deemed unconstitutional by the Kentucky Court of Appeals, touching off the Old Court\u2013New Court controversy. Following his term as governor, Adair served one undistinguished term in the United States House of Representatives and did not run for re-election.", "Q569151": "Ruth Nadine Picardie (1 May 1964, Reading, Berkshire, England \u2013 22 September 1997) was an English journalist and editor.\n\n", "Q3946621": "Samuel John Goldwyn Jr. (September 7, 1926 \u2013 January 9, 2015) was an American film producer.", "Q74319": "Dark Tide is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by John Stockwell, produced by Jeanette Buerling and Matthew E. Chausse and written by Ronnie Christensen and Amy Sorlie. The film is based on a story by Amy Sorlie and stars Halle Berry, Olivier Martinez, and Ralph Brown. The film was a critical failure and a box-office bomb.", "Q392806": "Where Eagles Dare is a 1968 British Metrocolor World War II action film directed by Brian G. Hutton and starring Richard Burton, Clint Eastwood, and Mary Ure. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, filmed in Panavision, and shot on location in Austria and Bavaria. Alistair MacLean wrote the screenplay, his first, at the same time that he wrote the novel of the same name. Both became commercial successes.\nThe film involved some of the top filmmakers of the day and is now considered a classic. Major contributors included Hollywood stuntman Yakima Canutt, who as second-unit director shot most of the action scenes; British stuntman Alf Joint who doubled for Burton in such sequences as the fight on top of the cable car; award-winning conductor and composer Ron Goodwin, who wrote the film score; and future Oscar-nominee Arthur Ibbetson, who worked on its cinematography.\n\n", "Q8691": "Heathrow Airport, also known as London Heathrow (IATA: LHR, ICAO: EGLL), is a major international airport in London, United Kingdom. Heathrow is the second busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic, as well as the busiest airport in Europe by passenger traffic, and the seventh busiest airport in the world by total passenger traffic. It is one of six international airports serving London region. In 2019, it handled a record 80.8 million passengers, a 0.9% increase from 2018 as well as 475,861 aircraft movements, a decrease of 1,743 from 2018. The airport facility is owned and operated by Heathrow Airport Holdings.\nHeathrow lies 14 miles (23 km) west of Central London, and has two parallel east\u2013west runways along with four operational terminals on a site that covers 12.27 square kilometres (4.74 sq mi). The airport is the primary hub for British Airways and the primary operating base for Virgin Atlantic.\nIn September 2012, the Government of the United Kingdom established the Airports Commission, an independent commission chaired by Sir Howard Davies to examine various options for increasing capacity at UK airports. In July 2015, the commission backed a third runway at Heathrow, which the government approved in October 2016. However, the United Kingdom Court of Appeal rejected this plan for a third runway at Heathrow, due to concerns about climate change and the environmental impact of aviation.", "Q1691443": "Joe \"Guitar\" Hughes (born Maurice Hughes, September 29, 1937 \u2013 May 20, 2003) was an American blues musician, from Houston, Texas, United States.", "Q936976": "Henry IV (French: Henri IV, read as Henri-Quatre [\u0251\u0303\u0281i kat\u0281]; 13 December 1553 \u2013 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He was the first monarch of France from the House of Bourbon, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. He was assassinated in 1610 by Fran\u00e7ois Ravaillac, a fanatical Catholic, and was succeeded by his son Louis XIII.The son of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vend\u00f4me and Jeanne d'Albret, the Queen of Navarre, Henry was baptised as a Catholic but raised in the Protestant faith by his mother. He inherited the throne of Navarre in 1572 on his mother's death. As a Huguenot, Henry was involved in the French Wars of Religion, barely escaping assassination in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. He later led Protestant forces against the royal army.He and his predecessor Henry III of France were direct descendants of Saint-King Louis IX. Henry III belonged to the House of Valois, descended from Philip III of France, elder son of Saint Louis; Henry IV belonged to the House of Bourbon, descended from Robert, Count of Clermont, younger son of Saint Louis. As Head of the House of Bourbon, Henry was \"first prince of the blood\". Upon the death of his brother-in-law and distant cousin Henry III in 1589, Henry was called to the French succession by the Salic law.\nHe initially kept the Protestant faith (the only French king to do so) and had to fight against the Catholic League, which denied that he could wear France's crown as a Protestant. To obtain mastery over his kingdom, after four years of stalemate, he found it prudent to abjure the Calvinist faith. As a pragmatic politician (in the parlance of the time, a politique), he displayed an unusual religious tolerance for the era. Notably, he promulgated the Edict of Nantes (1598), which guaranteed religious liberties to Protestants, thereby effectively ending the Wars of Religion.\nConsidered a usurper by some Catholics and a traitor by some Protestants, Henry became target of at least 12 assassination attempts. An unpopular king among his contemporaries, Henry gained more status after his death. He was admired for his repeated victories over his enemies and his conversion to Catholicism. The \"Good King Henry\" (le bon roi Henri) was remembered for his geniality and his great concern about the welfare of his subjects. An active ruler, he worked to regularise state finance, promote agriculture, eliminate corruption and encourage education. During his reign, the French colonization of the Americas truly began with the foundation of the colonies of Acadia and Canada at Port-Royal and Quebec, respectively. He was celebrated in the popular song \"Vive le roi Henri\" (which later became an anthem for the French monarchy during the reigns of his successors) and in Voltaire's Henriade.", "Q437039": "Pia Zadora (born Pia Alfreda Schipani, May 4, 1953) is an American actress and singer. After working as a child actress on Broadway, in regional theater, and in the film Santa Claus Conquers the Martians (1964), she came to national attention in 1981 when, following her starring role in the highly criticized Butterfly, she won a Golden Globe Award as New Star of the Year while simultaneously winning the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress and the Worst New Star for the same performance.\nWhen in the 1980s Zadora's film career failed to achieve critical success, she switched her focus to music. As a singer, Zadora has released several albums featuring popular standards, often backed by a symphonic orchestra. She was nominated for a Grammy in 1984.", "Q484595": "Anal Cunt, also known as AxCx and A.C., was an American grindcore band that formed in Newton, Massachusetts in 1988. From its inception, the band underwent a number of line-up changes under Seth Putnam's leadership and had a distinctive vocals-guitar-drummer configuration; unusually for the metal genre they never had a bass guitarist. Known for playing short, fast songs with an abrasive musical style and intentionally controversial lyrics, Anal Cunt released eight full-length studio albums in addition to a number of compilations and extended plays. Anal Cunt disbanded in 2011 after Putnam died of a suspected heart attack.They have been categorized as grindcore, noisecore, noisegrind and hardcore. The band is often referred to by their initials A.C. (often written as AxCx) due to the offensive nature of their name and censorship limits on some radio and publications, and many of their album covers simply display the initials A. C. However, the band managed to subvert even this abbreviation by drawing these letters in a manner resembling an anus and a vulva. Their early material contained no pre-written lyrics or music. Rather, the band developed an entirely improvised style which consisted of extremely loud, fast, and aggressive noise. Over the years, the band eventually shifted their style and slowly began to incorporate more riffs and pre-written lyrics into their songs. It was not until then that the band earned the reputation for intentionally being outrageous and offensive. In 2010, they released a \"cock rock\" album entitled Fuckin' A. An album of material similar to their old grindcore albums called Wearing Out Our Welcome was released digitally in 2010.", "Q1189725": "Thomas Anderson (born November 8, 1970) is an American co-founder of the social networking website Myspace, which he founded in 2003 with Chris DeWolfe. He was later president of Myspace and a strategic adviser for the company until he left in 2009. Anderson is popularly known as \"Tom from Myspace\" because, until 2010, he would automatically be assigned as the first \"friend\" of new Myspace users upon the creation of their profiles.", "Q290963": "Hideko Takamine (\u9ad8\u5cf0 \u79c0\u5b50, Takamine Hideko, March 27, 1924 \u2013 December 28, 2010) was a Japanese actress who began as a child actor and maintained her fame in a career that spanned half a century. She is particularly known for her collaborations with director Mikio Naruse.", "Q338623": "Svyatoslav Igorevich Belza (Russian: \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432 \u0418\u0301\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u044d\u0301\u043b\u0437\u0430; 26 April 1942 \u2013 3 June 2014) was a Soviet Russian literary and musical scholar, critic and essayist, and a prominent TV personality who's launched and hosted several TV programs aimed at popularizing classical music, theatre, and ballet, including Music on Air and Masterpieces of the World Music Theatre. Belza has received high-profiled honors in three countries, among them the Russian Order of Merit for the Fatherland, the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland, and the Ukrainian Order of Saint Nicholas.", "Q429207": "Sir James Paget, 1st Baronet FRS HFRSE (11 January 1814 \u2013 30 December 1899) (, rhymes with \"gadget\") was an English surgeon and pathologist who is best remembered for naming Paget's disease and who is considered, together with Rudolf Virchow, as one of the founders of scientific medical pathology. His famous works included Lectures on Tumours (1851) and Lectures on Surgical Pathology (1853). There are several medical conditions which were described and later named after Paget:\n\nPaget's disease of bone\nPaget's disease of the nipple (a form of intraductal breast cancer spreading into the skin around the nipple)\nExtramammary Paget's disease refers to a group of similar, more rare skin lesions discovered by Radcliffe Crocker in 1889 which affect the male and female genitalia.\nPaget\u2013Schroetter disease\nPaget's abscess, an abscess that recurs at the site of a former abscess which had resolved.", "Q2857377": "Antonio Neri (29 February 1576, Florence \u2013 1614, Florence) was a Florentine priest who published L\u2019Arte Vetraria or The Art of Glass in 1612. His father was a physician, and he was an herbalist, alchemist, and glassmaker. Neri traveled extensively in Italy and Holland.\n\n", "Q460161": "Henry Warren \"Hank\" Hartsfield Jr. (November 21, 1933 \u2013 July 17, 2014) was a United States Air Force officer and a USAF and NASA astronaut who logged over 480 hours in space.", "Q947157": "Gabriel Hanot (6 November 1889 \u2013 10 August 1968) was a French footballer and journalist (the editor of L'\u00c9quipe). The European Cup \u2013 which became the UEFA Champions League \u2013 was the brainchild of Hanot, as was the Ballon d'Or, an award that honours the male player deemed to have performed the best over the previous year.", "Q106761": "Otto Piper (1841\u20131921) was a German architectural historian who, with August von Cohausen (1812\u20131896), is regarded as one of the two founders of scientific research into castles.", "Q3821447": "Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs (working title: So White and de Sebben Dwarfs) is a Merrie Melodies animated cartoon directed by Bob Clampett, produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions, and released to theatres on January 16, 1943 by Warner Bros. and The Vitaphone Corporation.The film is an all-black parody of the Brothers Grimm fairy tale Snow White, known to its audience from the popular 1937 Walt Disney animated feature Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The stylistic portrayal of the characters is an example of \"darky\" iconography, which was widely accepted in American society at the time. As such, it is one of the most controversial cartoons in the classic Warner Brothers library, being one of the Censored Eleven. The cartoon has been rarely seen on television, and has never been officially released on home video.", "Q378950": "Elarica Johnson (previously Gallacher) (born 21 August 1989 in South London, England) is an English actress and model. She played Kylie in EastEnders and the waitress at Surbiton Station in Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince. She played Lula Landry in the 2017 TV series Strike, later adapted for the US on Cinemax as C.B. Strike and based on the novel The Cuckoo's Calling by Robert Galbraith (J.K. Rowling). Her latest starring role is in A Discovery of Witches, in which she plays Juliette Durand.", "Q185859": "For Richer or Poorer is a 1997 American comedy film directed by Bryan Spicer starring Tim Allen and Kirstie Alley as a New York socialite couple who decide to end their spoiled relationship. The supporting cast includes Jay O. Sanders, Michael Lerner, Wayne Knight, and Larry Miller. \nDespite featuring the presence of Allen and Alley, For Richer or Poorer gained negative reviews from critics and audiences alike. It was a box office failure, grossing $32.7 million worldwide.", "Q99520": "Christine Hohmann-Dennhardt (born 30 April 1950) is a German politician and senior judge.", "Q764156": "Pierre Cl\u00e9ment Eug\u00e8ne Pelletan (29 October 1813 \u2013 13 December 1884) was a French writer, journalist and politician.\nBorn in Royan, Charente-Maritime, Eug\u00e8ne Pelletan was an associate of Lamartine, but refused an appointment to the office in the foreign affairs ministry. Elected deputy in 1863, he joined the opposition to the Second Empire regime. His bright and eloquent speeches won him fame as a brilliant orator. Re-elected in 1869, he protested against the war with Prussia and became a member of the Government of National Defense on 4 September 1870. From 31 January to 4 February 1871, Pelletan exercised the duties of public education minister, but he departed for Bordeaux on 6 February. \nElected to the National Assembly in February 1871, he approved the politics of Thiers and became vice-president of the Senate in 1879. In 1884, he was elected senator for life.\nHe was the father of Charles Camille Pelletan (1846\u20131915), French politician and journalist, and also had a daughter Denise Pelletan (d.1902).", "Q74696": "Yosef Aharon Almogi (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05dc\u05de\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u200e, 5 May 1910 \u2013 2 November 1991) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1955 and 1977, as well as holding several ministerial posts.\n\n", "Q287748": "The Lincoln Lawyer is a 2011 American neo noir legal thriller film adapted from the 2005 novel of the same name by Michael Connelly. The film is directed by Brad Furman, with a screenplay written by John Romano, and stars Matthew McConaughey as the titular lawyer, Mickey Haller. The film co-stars Ryan Phillippe, Marisa Tomei, and Josh Lucas, and features William H. Macy and Bryan Cranston in supporting roles. \nThe story is adapted from the first of several novels featuring the character of Mickey Haller, who works out of a chauffeur-driven Lincoln Town Car rather than an office. Haller is hired to defend the son of a wealthy Los Angeles businesswoman in an assault case. Details of the crime bring up uncomfortable parallels with a former case, and Haller discovers the two cases are intertwined.", "Q212545": "Natasha Jane Richardson (11 May 1963 \u2013 18 March 2009) was an English-American actress of stage and screen. Richardson was a member of the Redgrave family, being the daughter of actress Vanessa Redgrave and director/producer Tony Richardson, and the granddaughter of Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson.\nEarly in her career, she portrayed Mary Shelley in Ken Russell's Gothic (1986) and Patty Hearst in the 1988 biopic film directed by Paul Schrader, and later received critical acclaim and a Theatre World Award for her Broadway debut in the 1993 revival of Anna Christie. She also appeared in The Handmaid's Tale (1990), Nell (1994), The Parent Trap (1998), Maid in Manhattan (2002) and The White Countess (2005).\nShe won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical, the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical, and the Outer Critics Circle Award for her performance as Sally Bowles in the 1998 Broadway revival of Cabaret.\nRichardson died on 18 March 2009 from an epidural hematoma after hitting her head in a skiing accident in Quebec, Canada.", "Q64485": "John Jacob Wood (February 16, 1784 \u2013 May 20, 1874) was a U.S. Representative from New York.Born in Clarkstown, New York, Wood was its first town clerk, serving from 1809 to 1812. He served as inspector of schools in 1815, 1823 from 1829 to 1831, and from 1835 to 1836.Wood was elected to the 20th Congress (March 4, 1827 \u2013 March 3, 1829) as a Jacksonian. He returned to Rockland County after one term, where he served again as inspector of schools 1829-1831 and 1835 to 1837. He was Surrogate of Rockland County in 1837.He served as Rockland County delegate to the state constitutional convention in 1846.Wood died in New City, New York on May 20, 1874, and was interred in Old Wood Burying Ground.\n\n", "Q298668": "Christopher Charles Lloyd (born April 30, 1982), better known by his stage name Lloyd Banks, is an American rapper. Banks began his career as a member of East Coast hip hop group G-Unit, alongside childhood friends 50 Cent and Tony Yayo. After the group released their debut album, Beg for Mercy in 2003, Banks released his first solo album The Hunger for More in 2004, which featured the top ten hit single \"On Fire\". His second studio album, Rotten Apple was released in 2006.\nBanks left Interscope Records in 2009 and, along with the rest of G-Unit, signed with EMI the following year to distribute Banks third studio album The Hunger for More 2, which was released on November 22, 2010.\n\n", "Q254510": "Melissa Gaboriau Auf der Maur (; born March 17, 1972) is a Canadian musician, singer-songwriter, photographer and actress.\nAuf der Maur began performing in 1993 after forming the indie rock band Tinker while she was a student at Concordia University. She was recruited as the bassist for the American alternative rock band Hole in the summer of 1994 and is included on several Hole releases, including the album Celebrity Skin (1998). Following her departure from Hole in 1999, Auf der Maur briefly joined The Smashing Pumpkins as a touring member for its 2000 tour and began her solo career; her debut studio album, Auf der Maur, was released in 2004 on Capitol Records and her second studio album, Out of Our Minds, was released in 2010 on her own independent record label, PHI\u2013MAdM Music. She has also collaborated with Indochine, Rufus Wainwright, Ric Ocasek and Neverending White Lights.\nAuf der Maur is also a photographer and occasional actress. Her photographs have been included in National Geographic and exhibited at Sotheby's. She has acted in How to Make the Cruelest Month (1998), Beyond Borders (2003) and Collaborator (2011). As part of her 2009 multidisciplinary project Out of Our Minds\u2014which produced an album, a single, a film and a comic book\u2014Auf der Maur acted as a film and record producer, working alongside her husband and filmmaker Tony Stone. Stone and Auf der Maur are the creative directors and owners of Basilica Hudson, an arts and performance center in Hudson, New York.\nVH1 placed Auf der Maur at number 68 on its list of 100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll in 2007 and her solo albums have received favorable reviews.", "Q316051": "Lars Sven \"Lasse\" Hallstr\u00f6m (Swedish: [\u02c8l\u00e2s\u02d0\u025b \u02c8h\u00e2l\u02d0str\u0153m]; born 2 June 1946) is a Swedish film director. He first became known for directing almost all music videos by pop group ABBA, and subsequently became a feature film director. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director for My Life as a Dog (Mitt liv som hund) (1985) and later for The Cider House Rules (1999). His other celebrated directorial works include What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993) and Chocolat (2000).", "Q319362": "Sir George Cayley, 6th Baronet (27 December 1773 \u2013 15 December 1857) was an English engineer, inventor, and aviator. He is one of the most important people in the history of aeronautics. Many consider him to be the first true scientific aerial investigator and the first person to understand the underlying principles and forces of flight.In 1799, he set forth the concept of the modern aeroplane as a fixed-wing flying machine with separate systems for lift, propulsion, and control.\nHe was a pioneer of aeronautical engineering and is sometimes referred to as \"the father of aviation.\" He discovered and identified the four forces which act on a heavier-than-air flying vehicle: weight, lift, drag and thrust. Modern aeroplane design is based on those discoveries and on the importance of cambered wings, also identified by Cayley. He constructed the first flying model aeroplane and also diagrammed the elements of vertical flight.\nHe also designed the first glider reliably reported to carry a human aloft. He correctly predicted that sustained flight would not occur until a lightweight engine was developed to provide adequate thrust and lift. The Wright brothers acknowledged his importance to the development of aviation.Cayley represented the Whig party as Member of Parliament for Scarborough from 1832 to 1835, and in 1838, helped found the UK's first Polytechnic Institute, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now University of Westminster) and served as its chairman for many years. He was a founding member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science and was a distant cousin of the mathematician Arthur Cayley.\n\n", "Q90262": "Philipp Forchheimer (7 August 1852 in Vienna \u2013 2 October 1933 in D\u00fcrnstein, Lower Austria) was an Austrian engineer, a pioneer in the field of civil engineering and practical hydraulics. He was professor in Istanbul, Aachen and Graz.\nHe introduced mathematical methodology to the study of hydraulics, thus establishing a scientific basis for the field. \nHe was director of the Graz University of Technology until 1897. In addition to his teaching, he worked as a consultant for construction projects. He made proposals for the construction of a tunnel under the English Channel.", "Q103396": "Pope Adeodatus II (died 17 June 676), sometimes called Deodatus, was the bishop of Rome from 672 to his death. He was preceded by and succeeded by Donus, and devoted much of his papacy to improving churches.", "Q84217": "Rudolf Khametovich Nureyev ( NEWR-ee-ef, nyuurr-AY-ef; Tatar: \u0420\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0444 \u0425\u04d9\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u043b\u044b \u041d\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432; Russian: \u0420\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0444 \u0425\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432, IPA: [r\u028a\u02c8dol\u02b2f n\u028a\u02c8r\u02b2ej\u026af]; 17 March 1938 \u2013 6 January 1993) was a Soviet ballet dancer and choreographer. Nureyev is regarded by some as the greatest male ballet dancer of his generation.Nureyev was born on a Trans-Siberian train near Irkutsk, Siberia, Soviet Union to a Bashkir-Tatar family. He began his early career with the company that in the Soviet era was called the Kirov Ballet (now called by its original name, the Mariinsky Ballet) in Leningrad. He defected from the Soviet Union to the West in 1961, despite KGB efforts to stop him. This was the first defection of a Soviet artist during the Cold War, and it created an international sensation. He went on to dance with The Royal Ballet in London and from 1983 to 1989 served as director of the Paris Opera Ballet. In addition to his technical prowess, Rudolf Nureyev was an accomplished choreographer serving as the chief choreographer of the Paris Opera Ballet. He produced his own interpretations of numerous classical works, including Swan Lake, Giselle, and La Bayad\u00e8re.", "Q133255": "Bulgarians (Bulgarian: \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438, romanized: B\u01celgari, IPA: [\u02c8b\u0264\u026b\u0261\u0250ri]) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Bulgaria and its immediate region.", "Q551141": "Anja Ignatius (July 2, 1911 \u2013 April 10, 1995) was a Finnish violinist and music educator, mainly known as a chamber musician.\nShe was born in Tampere, began studying violin at the age of five and gave her first concert at the age of fifteen. Ignatius studied in Finland, at the Paris Conservatory and in Prague. She performed with the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra in 1928. Between 1929 and 1931, she studied with Carl Flesch in Berlin. Besides concerts in Finland, Ignatius performed in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, France, Poland, the Soviet Union and the United States. She is best known for her interpretation of Sibelius' Violin Concerto. From 1953 to 1961, she played first violin with the Helsinki Quartet; from 1961 to 1965, she performed in a trio with France Ellegaard and Pentti Rautawaara.In 1955, Ignatius became a professor teaching violin at the Sibelius Academy. She served on the juries for several national and international competitions.", "Q124729": "Hans-J\u00fcrgen Heise (6 July 1930 - 13 November 2013) was a German author and poet.", "Q1341318": "The S. M. Budyonny Military Academy of the Signal Corps is a military university in Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, founded in 1919. The academy trains officers for service in the Signal Troops of the Russian Ground Forces.", "Q94004": "Ulla Weigerstorfer (born Ulrike Weigerstorfer 16 August 1967 in Bad Aussee, Styria, Austria) is an Austrian TV Host, model and beauty queen who won the 1987 Miss World pageant in London, United Kingdom, representing Austria. She became the second titleholder from her country, after Eva Rueber-Staier of Austria in 1969.", "Q335850": "\u00de\u00f3rhildur \u00deorleifsd\u00f3ttir (born 25 March 1945) is an Icelandic theater, opera, film and television director, actress, dancer, choreographer and politician. She was the artistic director of the Reykjavik City Theatre from 1996 to 2000. She was a member of Al\u00feingi from 1987 to 1991, representing The Women's List.", "Q59062": "Vladim\u00edr Franz (born May 25, 1959 in Prague, Czechoslovakia), is a Czech composer, painter, university scholar and occasional journalist, poet and playwright. Since mid-1980s he has composed stage music for more than 150 theatre performances\u2014for many of them he was awarded national-level prizes\u2014he has also composed a symphony, several operas, oratorios, a musical, ballet, as well as film music and music for documentaries and radio plays. His second main area of activities in the field of arts is represented by painting. Since 1991 he has been a lecturer at the Prague's Faculty of Theatre. In 2012 he was also a registered candidate in the 2013 Czech presidential election. The attention of local as well as world media has been attracted to him usually due to his extraordinarily extensive tattoo.", "Q122358": "Albert Bitzius (4 October 1797 \u2013 22 October 1854) was a Swiss novelist, best known by his pen name of Jeremias Gotthelf.", "Q389017": "Taissa Farmiga (; born August 17, 1994) is an American actress. She began her career in film in the drama Higher Ground (2011), which was directed by her sister Vera Farmiga, and she subsequently made her television debut in the FX series American Horror Story: Murder House (2011), which earned her a reputation as a contemporary scream queen. She has appeared in three other American Horror Story seasons: Coven (2013\u20132014), Roanoke (2016), and Apocalypse (2018).\nFarmiga has since appeared in films such as The Bling Ring (2013), Mindscape (2013), At Middleton (2013), The Final Girls (2015), 6 Years (2015), In a Valley of Violence (2016), Rules Don't Apply (2016), What They Had (2018), The Long Dumb Road (2018), The Nun (2018), and The Mule (2018). She also voiced the superhero Raven in the animated films Justice League vs. Teen Titans (2016) and Teen Titans: The Judas Contract (2017). She made her stage debut in the Off-Broadway revival of the drama play Buried Child (2016).", "Q85109": "Peter Pilz (born 22 January 1954) is an Austrian politician (JETZT). From 1986 to 2017, he was a member of the Austrian Green Party.", "Q314646": "David Daniel Otunga Sr. (born April 7, 1980) is an American actor, lawyer, and professional wrestler currently signed with WWE as a panelist and color commentator. He was the runner-up on the first season of NXT. He is also an original member of The Nexus and The New Nexus, being the only member present through the entire duration of the stable in every incarnation. As part of the faction, he became a two-time WWE Tag Team Champion, having one reign each with fellow Nexus members John Cena and Michael McGillicutty.", "Q442897": "Rebel Melanie Elizabeth Wilson (born Melanie Elizabeth Bownds; 2 March 1980) is an Australian actress, writer, comedian and producer. After graduating from the Australian Theatre for Young People in 2003, she began appearing as Toula on the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) comedy series Pizza and the sketch comedy series The Wedge. In 2008, Wilson wrote, produced and starred in the musical comedy series Bogan Pride. The following year, she won the Tropfest best actress award for her role in Bargain and made a guest appearance in City Homicide. Shortly after moving to the United States, Wilson was cast as Brynn in the feature film Bridesmaids.\nWilson also appeared in A Few Best Men, What to Expect When You're Expecting and Struck by Lightning, leading Variety to name her one of their \"Top Ten Comics to Watch for 2011.\" She also appeared as Becky in Bachelorette and starred in the musical comedy Pitch Perfect film series as Fat Amy, a role that earned her several award nominations and wins, including the MTV Best Breakthrough Performance Award and a Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress. She has also created and starred in Super Fun Night, a television comedy that aired for one season on ABC. In 2019, Wilson starred in Isn't It Romantic, her first lead role. She went on to play a con artist in The Hustle, a female-centred remake of Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, and Jennyanydots in Cats.", "Q314120": "Schtonk! subtitled Der Film zum Buch vom F\u00fchrer (\"The film accompanying the F\u00fchrer's book\") is a 1992 German satirical film which retells the story of the 1983 Hitler Diaries hoax. It was written and directed by Helmut Dietl.", "Q730261": "Fred Lee Scruggs Jr. (born April 18, 1971), better known by his stage name Fredro Starr, is an American hardcore rapper, record producer, actor and author, best known as a member of multi-platinum hardcore rap group Onyx. Fredro Starr was discovered by the late hip hop star Jam Master Jay of Run-D.M.C. who signed Onyx on his label JMJ Records. Onyx went on to release three top selling albums before Fredro began his solo career. As a part of Onyx, Fredro Starr was nominated as \"Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop New Artist\" on American Music Awards of 1994 and won \"Best Rap Album\" on 1994 Soul Train Music Awards.\nFredro Starr has starred in more than 55 films and television shows. He made his acting debut in the HBO drama Strapped. His film credits include Spike Lee's Clockers, Sunset Park, Ride, Light It Up, Save the Last Dance and Torque. He also performed the Save the Last Dance's theme song, \"Shining Through\", with Jill Scott on the multi-platinum soundtrack.Starr made his television debut in Law & Order and New York Undercover, but he is best known for his role of 'Q' in Moesha, starring R&B singer Brandy. He also appeared in HBO's The Wire, NYPD Blue, Blade (TV series), and CSI: Miami. Fredro also co-hosted Dance 360, a daily, half-hour urban dance competition show on Paramount Television.", "Q434901": "Lionel Belmore (12 May 1867 \u2013 30 January 1953) was an English character actor and director on stage for more than a quarter of a century.", "Q2630252": "Baikove Cemetery (Ukrainian: \u0411\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435) is an historic cemetery memorial in Holosiiv Raion of Kiev, Ukraine. It is a National Historic Landmark of Ukraine and is known as a necropolis of distinguished people. It was established in 1833. Among the buried, it includes Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Lesya Ukrainka, Slava Stetsko, Viacheslav Chornovil, Oles Honchar, Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky, Olena Pchilka, Mykhailo Starytsky, Oleksandr Bilash, Ostap Vyshnya, Ivan Mykolaychuk, Volodymyr Shcherbytsky, Leonid Telyatnikov, Mikhail Vaschenko-Zakharchenko, Oleg Antonov and Valeri Lobanovsky.", "Q269691": "Rotrude (or sometimes referred to as Hruodrud/Hruodhaid) (c.775 \u2013 6 June 810) was a Frankish princess, the second daughter of Charlemagne from his marriage to Hildegard.", "Q67832": "Deisswil bei M\u00fcnchenbuchsee is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q102936": "Wolfgang Wahl (3 December 1925 \u2013 15 September 2006) was a German actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films from 1953 to 1996.", "Q19320": "The Little Devil (original Italian name Il piccolo diavolo) is a 1988 Italian film directed by and starring Roberto Benigni, also starring Walter Matthau, Stefania Sandrelli, Nicoletta Braschi and John Lurie. In some European countries and in Australia, an English version of the film, with local subtitles, has been screened and circulated in VHS. In the English version, the voices of the main actors are dubbed by themselves; some scenes may have been filmed in both languages.", "Q70396": "Alfred Kerr (n\u00e9 Kempner; 25 December 1867 \u2013 12 October 1948, surname: German pronunciation: [k\u025b\u0281]) was an influential German theatre critic and essayist of Jewish descent, nicknamed the Kulturpapst (\"Culture Pope\").", "Q528482": "Petros Protopapadakis (Greek: \u03a0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2; 1854\u20131922) was a Greek politician and Prime Minister of Greece in May\u2013August 1922.", "Q4747426": "Amnon Weiss (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05d9\u05d9\u05e1\u200e) is an Israeli businessman and a former paralympic champion.\nWeiss has a light disability due to polio. In his youth he joined the Israel Sports Center for the Disabled, where he practiced various fields of athletics alongside studies of psychology at Bar Ilan University. Later on he studied law.\nA member of the Israeli delegation to the Stoke Mandeville Games, Weiss was a gold-medal champion in javelin and shot put. Prior to the 1968 Paralympic Games he won four medals at the 1967 Stoke Mandeville Games (two silver, in shot put and javelin and two bronze, in club throw and discus) and was the national champion in shot put. At the Paralympic Games Weiss was a member of the gold-medal winning wheelchair basketball team and won three medals in athletics.In the early 1970s, Weiss and his wife Daniela were among the founding members of Gush Emunim, later settling in Kedumim where Daniela was elected to head the local council. Their son-in-law Avraham Gavish was killed in a terrorist attack in 2002.\nWeiss was the owner of a goldsmith business, later dealing with real-estate and in 2005 investing in the establishment of Gvaot Winery.", "Q508752": "Frank Raleigh Lautenberg (; January 23, 1924 \u2013 June 3, 2013) was a businessman and American Democratic Party politician who served as United States Senator from New Jersey. He was originally from Paterson, New Jersey.\nLautenberg was elected five terms as Senator. He first took office in December 1982 and served three terms, retiring from the Senate in 2001. Called upon to run again one year later due to circumstances surrounding his Senate colleague Robert Torricelli's re-election campaign, Lautenberg returned to the Senate in January 2003 and was elected to one additional term in 2008. He died during his second term and remains New Jersey's longest serving senator, with a total of 28 years, 5 months and 8 days in office.\nBefore entering politics, he was an early partner in, and became the chairman and chief executive officer of Automatic Data Processing, Inc. In his early years, he served overseas in the U.S. Army Signal Corps from 1942 to 1946 as a part of the war effort, and after returning home his interest in American political events increased. He has been called \"the last of the New Deal liberals\" and was known for his legislative efforts against drunk driving, and his support of spending for Amtrak and urban public transportation, for stronger environmental regulations, greater consumer protections, and investigations of wrongdoing by Wall Street.", "Q16013": "K\u00f6nigs Wusterhausen is a town in the Dahme-Spreewald district of the state of Brandenburg in Germany a few kilometers outside Berlin.", "Q120229": "Robert Tobler (December 23, 1901 \u2013 June 17, 1962) was a Swiss far right politician.\nBorn in Z\u00fcrich, he followed his father by studying law at University of Zurich and working as a lawyer. Initially attracted to liberalism, he came into contact with Hans Oehler and soon helped to found the New Front in 1930. As chairman of the new group he was heavily influenced by Othmar Spann, although fascism quickly became more important for the Front.He served as Gaufuehrer for Z\u00fcrich in the National Front and ran the party paper Die Front, which was funded by Nazi Germany. Tobler was elected to the Swiss parliament in 1935, becoming the only member of the National Front (or indeed any pro-Nazi group) to hold a parliamentary seat in the country. He took over as Front leader in 1938, leading to his predecessor Rolf Henne splitting the movement. Tobler attempted to find a common ground with the government, although by this time it was too late as the movement already had a reputation as firmly pro-Nazi. He was imprisoned in 1940 as a fifth columnist and the Front fell into decay. After his release he led the Eidgen\u00f6ssiche Sammlung and Schaffhausen Nationale Gemeinschaft, although both these groups were outlawed in 1943 as part of a wider ban on the National Front and its offshoots. Tobler took no further role in politics and died in his home town.", "Q150916": "John Francis Bongiovi Jr. (born March 2, 1962), known professionally as Jon Bon Jovi, is an American singer-songwriter, record producer, philanthropist, and actor. Bon Jovi is best known as the founder and frontman of the Grammy Award-winning rock band Bon Jovi, which was formed in 1983.\nBon Jovi has released 14 studio albums with his band; to date, the band has sold over 130 million albums worldwide. Bon Jovi has also released two solo albums. In the 1990s, Bon Jovi started an acting career, starring in the films Moonlight and Valentino and U-571 and appearing on television in Sex and the City, Ally McBeal and The West Wing.\nAs a songwriter, Bon Jovi was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2009. In 2012, Bon Jovi ranked #50 on the list of Billboard Magazine's \"Power 100\", a ranking of \"The Most Powerful and Influential People In The Music Business\". In 1996, People Magazine named him one of the \"50 Most Beautiful People In The World\". In 2000, People awarded him the title \"Sexiest Rock Star\".Bon Jovi was a founder and majority owner of the Arena Football League team, the Philadelphia Soul. He is the founder of The Jon Bon Jovi Soul Foundation, founded in 2006.", "Q98158": "Viola von Cramon-Taubadel, often officially referred as simply Viola von Cramon (Halle (Westphalia), 23 March 1970) is a German politician of Alliance '90/The Greens who has been a member of the European Parliament since 2019. She previously represented Lower Saxony in the Bundestag, the German federal parliament, from 2009 to 2013.", "Q2972444": "Bellefontaine Cemetery is a nonprofit, non-denominational cemetery and arboretum located in St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1849 as a rural cemetery, Bellefontaine is home to a number of architecturally significant monuments and mausoleums such as the Louis Sullivan-designed Wainwright Tomb, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The cemetery contains 314 acres (1.27 km2) of land and over 87,000 graves, including those of William Clark, Adolphus Busch, Thomas Hart Benton, and William S. Burroughs. Many Union and Confederate soldiers from the American Civil War are buried at Bellefontaine, as well as numerous local and state politicians.", "Q289003": "Myles Richard Bass (born November 27, 1969), known professionally as Myles Kennedy, is an American musician, singer, and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the rock band Alter Bridge, and as the lead vocalist in guitarist Slash's backing band, known as Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators. A former guitar instructor from Spokane, Washington, he has worked as a session musician and songwriter, making both studio and live appearances with several artists, and has been involved with several projects throughout his career.\nBorn in Boston, Massachusetts, and raised in Northern Idaho and Spokane, Kennedy attended Spokane Falls Community College to study music theory. He began his music career in 1990 as the lead guitarist of the instrumental jazz ensemble Cosmic Dust, with which he released one studio album. His second band, Citizen Swing, released two studio albums before disbanding in 1996. With fellow Citizen Swing member Craig Johnson, Kennedy founded the rock band The Mayfield Four, for which he provided lead vocals and guitar. The band released two studio albums and broke up in 2002. After declining an offer to audition as the lead vocalist of Velvet Revolver, he was asked to join Alter Bridge by Mark Tremonti in late 2003, formally joining in 2004, and he has been with the band ever since. He has released six studio albums with Alter Bridge.\nWhile Alter Bridge was on tour in 2008, Kennedy and former members of Led Zeppelin met and improvised as a group in an informal jam session, but the band never fully materialized. He then started working with Slash, featuring on the guitarist's 2010 eponymous solo album on two tracks and later serving as Slash's vocalist on tour. With Slash, Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators have recorded three studio albums. Kennedy's debut solo album, Year of the Tiger, was released in March 2018.", "Q330096": "Maciej Jerzy Stuhr (born 23 June 1975) is a Polish actor, comedian and occasional film director. Known for his impressions of Polish actors and performers, such as Gustaw Holoubek, he established the cabaret Po \u017barcie, where he wrote most of the material.\nHe is the son of Polish actor Jerzy Stuhr. In 1999 he majored in Psychology at Jagiellonian University before moving on to study acting at Krak\u00f3w's PWST, which he finished in 2003.\nAmong others, he is known for his role of Kuba Brenner in Ch\u0142opaki nie p\u0142acz\u0105 and Piotr in Krzysztof Kie\u015blowski's Decalogue X.\nHe is also notable for his support of the LGBT community in Poland, working with Campaign Against Homophobia.\n\n", "Q440058": "Mariana Klaveno (born October 25, 1979) is an American actress, best known for her television roles as Lorena Ball (Krasiki) in HBO series True Blood, as the psychopath Abby in the Lifetime movie While the Children Sleep, and as movie actress Peri Westmore in Lifetime comedy-drama Devious Maids. In 2014, Klaveno starred as Detective Janice Lawrence in the CBS crime drama series, Stalker.", "Q131324": "Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and dancer. A prominent figure in popular culture, she is known for sonically innovative, socially conscious and sexually provocative records, and elaborate stage shows.\nThe tenth and youngest child of the Jackson family, she began her career with the variety television series The Jacksons in 1976 and went on to appear in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, including Good Times, Diff'rent Strokes, and Fame. After signing a recording contract with A&M Records in 1982, she became a pop icon following the release of her third and fourth studio albums Control (1986) and Rhythm Nation 1814 (1989). Her collaborations with record producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis incorporated elements of rhythm and blues, funk, disco, rap and industrial beats, which led to crossover success in popular music.\nIn 1991, Jackson signed the first of two record-breaking multimillion-dollar contracts with Virgin Records, establishing her as one of the highest-paid artists in the industry. Her fifth album Janet (1993) saw her develop a public image as a sex symbol as she began to explore sexuality in her music. That same year, she appeared in her first starring film role in Poetic Justice, and has since continued to act in feature films. Jackson then released her sixth studio album The Velvet Rope (1997), which is distinguished for its innovative production and dark lyrical content. By the end of the 1990s, she was named by Billboard magazine as the second most successful recording artist of the decade after Mariah Carey. Her seventh album All for You (2001) coincided with a celebration of her impact on the recording industry as the inaugural MTV Icon. After parting ways with Virgin Records, she released her tenth album Discipline (2008), her first and only album with Island Records. In 2015, she partnered with BMG Rights Management to launch her own record label, Rhythm Nation, and released her eleventh album Unbreakable the same year.\nHaving sold over 100 million records, Jackson is one of the world's best-selling music artists of all time. She has amassed an extensive catalog, with singles such as \"Nasty\", \"Rhythm Nation\", \"That's the Way Love Goes\", \"Together Again\" and \"All for You\"; she holds the record for the most consecutive top-ten entries on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart by a female artist with 18. In 2008, Billboard placed her number seven on its list of the Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, and in 2010 ranked her fifth among the \"Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years\". In December 2016, the magazine named her the second most successful dance club artist of all-time after Madonna. She has been cited as an inspiration among numerous performers. Jackson was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2019.\n\n", "Q448404": "Julia Lee (October 31, 1902 \u2013 December 8, 1958) was an American blues and dirty blues musician. Her inclusion in the latter category is mainly due to a few numbers she performed, e.g. \"King Size Papa\" and \"Snatch and Grab It\" and \"I Didn't Like It The First Time (The Spinach Song)\". However, it would be misleading to characterize her music as always being in this vein.", "Q929467": "Giuseppe Anneda (born Cagliari, 1 March 1912 \u2013 died Cagliari, 30 July 1997) was an Italian mandolin virtuoso who helped the mandolin gain more importance in the classical music world in the 20th Century. He performed with his instrument in concert halls around the world, including some where mandolin \"had never entered\", and taught at the Conservatory Pollini of Padua (holding \"First Chair.\") He also was able to gain access to manuscripts in museums, rediscovering works by Vivaldi, Pergolesi, Beethoven and many others.Anedda started out a child prodigy, who began to study the violin at 5 years old, but had to switch to mandolin because of the family's inability to afford a violin. He was performing in theater and the opera by the time he was 10 years old. While still young, he also became part of a professional performing group, the Quartetto Karalis, with Flavio Cornacchia (mandola), Giovanni Scano (guitar), and Massimo Piredda (2nd mandolin).He enlisted with the police at the Palazzo Reale di Napoli (Royal Palace of Naples), and in 1938 there had the opportunity to compete in a musical composition organized by the Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro (Italian Fascist leisure and recreational organization) winning for two straight years.He started working for the Ente Italiano per le Audizioni Radiofoniche in 1941, and in 1948 was part of the first ever performance of the original concert of Vivaldi for two mandolins, strings and harpsichord, led by Maestro Nino Sanzogno. That performance was repeated at the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in 1950.\n\nThat performance led to a greater and longer term opportunity, when Maestro Renato Fasano wanted to include it in the repertoire of the Collegium Musicum Italicum. It was recorded in London for His Master's Voice and won the award organized by the Academy Vivaldiana Brussels for the interpretation of the soloist. Anedda went on to direct the Collegium Italicum, one of the best chamber orchestras in the world, for more than over 16 years (1952-1968).\n\nAnother performance in 1968 sealed his place as \"the world's greatest mandolinist\", when he performed in Igor Stravinsky's new ballet, Agon. The audience reacted strongly to the performance, crying \"Bravo Mandolino!\" and Stravinsky himself shook hands with Anedda.Anedda gave \"countless concerts in all parts of the world\", sometimes solo, or performing with orchestras or with pianist Franco Barbalonga. Beginning in 1970, he taught at the Manhattan School of Music. He gave concerts with Claudio Scimone in Switzerland, and the friendship between the two helped establish the \"First Chair\" for teaching the mandolin at the Conservatory Pollini of Padua, where Anedda remained until retiring in 1980.His service was honored with a gold medal from the Presidency of the Italian Republic. He was also invited to the inauguration of the Festival of Two Worlds in Charleston in South Carolina, one of two Italians there.", "Q13426199": "The Republic of China (ROC) was a sovereign state based in mainland China between 1912 and 1949, prior to its government's relocation to the island of Taiwan. It was established on 1 January 1912 after the Xinhai Revolution, which overthrew the Qing dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of China. The Republic's first president, Sun Yat-sen, served only briefly before handing over the position to Yuan Shikai, the leader of the Beiyang Army. Sun's party, the Kuomintang (KMT), then led by Song Jiaoren, won the parliamentary election held in December 1912. However, Song was assassinated on Yuan's orders shortly after; and the Beiyang Army, led by Yuan, maintained full control of the Beiyang government. Between late 1915 and early 1916, Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself Emperor of China before abdicating not long after due to popular unrest. After Yuan's death in 1916, the authority of the Beiyang government was further weakened by a brief restoration of the Qing dynasty. Cliques in the Beiyang Army claimed individual autonomy and clashed with each other during the ensuing Warlord Era.\nIn 1921, the KMT established a rival government in Canton, supported by the fledgling Communist Party of China (CPC). The economy of northern China, overtaxed to support warlord adventurism, collapsed between 1927 and 1928. General Chiang Kai-shek, who became the KMT leader after Sun's death, started the Northern Expedition in 1926 to overthrow the Beiyang government, which was accomplished in 1928. In April 1927, Chiang established a nationalist government in Nanking, and massacred Communists in Shanghai. The latter event forced the CPC into armed rebellion, marking the beginning of the Chinese Civil War.\nChina experienced industrialization and modernization but suffered conflicts between the Nationalist government in Nanking, the CPC, remaining warlords, and the Empire of Japan. Nation-building efforts yielded to fight the Second Sino-Japanese War, when the Imperial Japanese Army launched an offensive against China in 1937 which turned into a full-scale invasion. In 1946, after the surrender of Japan at the end of World War II in 1945, the Chinese Civil War between the KMT and CPC resumed, leading to the 1946 Constitution of the Republic of China replacing the 1928 Organic Law as the Republic's fundamental law. In 1949, nearing the end of the civil war, the CPC established the People's Republic of China, overthrowing the nationalist government on the Chinese mainland, with the nationalists moving their capital from Nanking to Taipei and controlling only Taiwan and other smaller islands from 1949 to the present day, and Hainan until 1950.", "Q8012581": "William Howard Taft Charter High School is a public school located on the corner of Ventura Boulevard and Winnetka Avenue in the Woodland Hills district of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles, California, within the Los Angeles Unified School District. The school gained affiliated charter status beginning with the 2013\u20132014 school year.", "Q949387": "Paul Lawrence Smith (June 24, 1936 \u2013 April 25, 2012), most frequently credited as Paul Smith or Paul L. Smith, was an American actor. Burly, bearded and imposing, he appeared in feature films and occasionally on television since the 1970s, generally playing \"heavies\" and bad guys. His most notable roles include Hamidou, the vicious prison guard in Midnight Express (1978), Bluto in Robert Altman's Popeye (1980), Gideon in the ABC miniseries Masada (1981) and Glossu Rabban in David Lynch's Dune (1984).\n\n", "Q159098": "Reverend Gary Davis, also Blind Gary Davis (born Gary D. Davis, April 30, 1896 \u2013 May 5, 1972), was a blues and gospel singer who was also proficient on the banjo, guitar and harmonica. His fingerpicking guitar style influenced many other artists. His students include Stefan Grossman, David Bromberg, Steve Katz, Roy Book Binder, Larry Johnson, Nick Katzman, Dave Van Ronk, Rory Block, Ernie Hawkins, Larry Campbell, Bob Weir, Woody Mann, and Tom Winslow. He influenced Bob Dylan, the Grateful Dead, Wizz Jones, Jorma Kaukonen, Keb' Mo', Ollabelle, Resurrection Band, and John Sebastian (of the Lovin' Spoonful).", "Q1548173": "John Lagrand (27 March 1949 in Den Haag \u2013 30 June 2005 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch musician. He was best known for playing the harmonica and was member of the blues band Livin' Blues and Cuby + Blizzards.\nLagrand began his music career with the band Livin' Blues. He supported bands such as Freelance Band and Water. In 1999, he played the group Cuby + Blizzards. He was asked to be active as a musician. Lagrand was also a member of the band Blues aan de Zee. He died on 30 June 2005, aged 56 after suffering from emphysema at the VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam.", "Q116957": "Friedrich Emil Welti (born April 23, 1825 in Zurzach, \u2020 February 24, 1899 in Bern, called exclusively Emil Welti) was a Swiss politician, lawyer and judge. From 1856 to 1866, he was a member of the government of the canton of Aargau and, beginning in 1857, the Council of States. in 1867, Welti was elected to the Bundesrat as a representative of the liberal-radical faction (today's FDP).\nWeiti was elected Federal President six times, a total exceeded only by Karl Schenk. He is remembered for unifying the army, overhauling the Federal Constitution of 1874, and opening political doors for the Gotthard Railway.", "Q160619": "Roger Garaudy, later Ragaa Garaudy (French: [ga\u0281odi]; 17 July 1913 \u2013 13 June 2012), was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was convicted and fined for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a \"myth\".", "Q6441": "Montpellier (UK: , US: , French: [m\u0254\u0303p\u0259lje, -p\u025bl-] (listen); Occitan: Montpelhi\u00e8r [mumpe\u02c8\u028e\u025b]) is a city near the south coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea. It is the capital of the H\u00e9rault department. It is located in the Occitanie region. In 2016, 607,896 people lived in the urban area and 281,613 in the city itself. Nearly one third of the population are students from three universities and from three higher education institutions that are outside the university framework in the city.\n\n", "Q936553": "Manouchehr Atashi (Persian: \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0686\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u062a\u0634\u06cc\u200e) (September 25, 1931 \u2013 November 20, 2005) was a Persian poet, writer, and journalist.\nHe was born in 1931 in Dashtestan, Bushehr province. His poetry is the poetry of the revolting warrior of the humiliated southern tribesman. He takes his work seriously and although attached to his native birthplace his poems are universal scope. In his later works Atashi has relaxed his rhythm and has moved toward direct expression of emotion.", "Q89041": "Hermann Robert Josef Senkowsky (July 31, 1897 in Scheibbs \u2013 April 5, 1965 in Innsbruck) was an Austrian customs officer and SS-F\u00fchrer. He also was chief president finance of the General Government, which would correlate to finance minister of occupied Poland in World War II.\nHe is also known in Austria for his 1928 customs instructions for Austria, which are, in a modified version, still in use today.", "Q196831": "Bharata Muni (\u092d\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0928\u093f) was an ancient Indian theatrologist and musicologist who wrote the Natya Shastra, a theoretical treatise on ancient Indian dramaturgy and histrionics, especially Sanskrit theatre. Bharata is considered the father of Indian theatrical art forms. He is dated to between 200 BCE and 200 CE, but estimates vary between 500 BCE and 500 CE.The N\u0101\u1e6dya \u015a\u0101stra is notable as an ancient encyclopedic treatise on the arts, which has influenced dance, music and literary traditions in India. It is also notable for its aesthetic \"Rasa\" theory, which asserts that entertainment is the desired effect of performance arts but not the primary goal and that the primary goal is to transport the individual in the audience into another parallel reality, full of wonder, where he experiences the essence of his own consciousness and reflects on spiritual and moral questions.\nNatya Shastra by Bharata Muni and \"Abhinaya Darpana\" by Nandikeshvara are considered to be the original sources of Bharatanatyam (an Indian classical dance form).", "Q135156": "The Heat is a 2013 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Paul Feig and written by Katie Dippold. It stars Sandra Bullock, Melissa McCarthy, Demi\u00e1n Bichir, Marlon Wayans, Michael Rapaport, and Jane Curtin. The film centers on FBI Special Agent Sarah Ashburn and Boston Detective Shannon Mullins, who must take down a mobster in Boston.\nThe film was released in the United States on June 28, 2013. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the chemistry, and performances of Bullock and McCarthy, but called the film predictable. It was a success at the box office, grossing $229 million worldwide against a $43 million budget.\n\n", "Q434915": "Jann Arden, (born Jann Arden Anne Richards; March 27, 1962) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and actress. She is famous for her signature ballads, \"Could I Be Your Girl\" and \"Insensitive\", which is her biggest hit to date.", "Q67826": "L\u00fctzelfl\u00fch is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the Swiss canton of Bern.", "Q216051": "Charles Robert Watts (born 2 June 1941) is an English drummer, best known as a member of the Rolling Stones since 1963. Originally trained as a graphic artist, he started playing drums in London's rhythm and blues clubs, where he met Brian Jones, Mick Jagger, and Keith Richards. In January 1963, he joined their fledgling group, the Rolling Stones, as drummer, while doubling as designer of their record sleeves and tour stages. Watts cites jazz as a major influence on his drumming style. He has toured with his own group, the Charlie Watts Quintet, and appeared in London at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club with the Charlie Watts Tentet.\nIn 2006, Watts was elected into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame; in the same year, Vanity Fair elected him into the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame. In the estimation of noted music critic Robert Christgau, Watts is \"rock's greatest drummer.\" In 2016, he was ranked 12th on Rolling Stone's \"100 Greatest Drummers of All Time\" list.", "Q365915": "Charles Peckham Day (born February 9, 1976) is an American actor, screenwriter, producer, director and musician. He is best known for playing Charlie Kelly on It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia for which he was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series in 2011. In film, he is known for his role as Dale in the films Horrible Bosses (2011) and its 2014 sequel, as well as for his roles in Monsters University (2013), Pacific Rim (2013), The Lego Movie (2014), Fist Fight (2017), Pacific Rim: Uprising (2018), and The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part (2019). From 2018 to 2019, Day was the executive producer on the Fox comedy The Cool Kids.", "Q528496": "C. Joseph Vijay (born 22 June 1974) is an Indian film actor, playback singer and dancer who works in Tamil cinema. Referred to by fans and media as Thalapathy (commander), Vijay is the highest paid actor and one of the most significant figures in the industry. By 2017, he became the second-highest grossing actor in Tamil cinema history, behind Rajinikanth. As of 2019, Vijay has acted in 64 films as a lead actor and won numerous awards including three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, eight Vijay Awards, an Indiatoday Award, SIIMA Award, Cosmopolitan Award and National Film Award UK, three Edison Awards and two Vikatan Awards. He received an honorary doctorate from the Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute of the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University in 2007 for his contributions to social welfare and in honour of his achievements in the film industry. He has been included five times in the Forbes India Celebrity 100 list, based on the earnings of Indian celebrities.\nAt 10 years old, Vijay's first role was in the drama Vetri (1984); he continued to perform as a child artist in films until Ithu Engal Neethi (1988), directed by his father S. A. Chandrasekhar. He then featured as the lead in Naalaiya Theerpu (1992), again directed by his father. He received his breakthrough in the film Poove Unakkaga (1996), which was directed by Vikraman. Vijay began the new millennium with successful films such as Kushi and Priyamaanavale. The success of his masala film Thirumalai (2003), where he was paired opposite Jyothika, changed his on-screen persona to that of an action hero. He appeared next as a kabaddi player opposite Trisha in Dharani's Ghilli (2004), which went on to become the highest-grossing Tamil film of 2004 and the first Tamil film to earn \u20b9500 million (Indian rupees). His performance in Thirupaachi (2005) earned him a Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize. Vijay continued to achieve commercial success during the 2000s with films including Sivakasi (2005) and Pokkiri (2007). \nIn 2012, Vijay appeared in two films: as a college student in Nanban and an army officer in Thuppakki, which was the highest-grossing Tamil film of 2012. His performances in both films received positive critical reception. He followed that with A. L. Vijay's Thalaivaa (2013) and the multi-starrer Jilla (2014). Again, he teamed up with AR Murugadoss for the action film Kaththi (2014) where he had played dual roles as a thief and an idealist. It became one of the highest-grossing Tamil films of 2014. In 2016, he played a police officer in Atlee's Theri which had one of the biggest openings in Tamil cinema, grossing \u20b91.5\u20141.56 billion worldwide, and is among the highest-grossing Tamil films of all time. He played triple roles for the first time in the film Mersal (2017), his second collaboration with Atlee. It became the highest-grossing film of Vijay's career. His next film was the political action film Sarkar (2018). The football action film Bigil (2019), his third collaboration with Atlee, was the highest-grossing Tamil film of 2019. \n\n", "Q1476937": "The Liberal Party of the Philippines (Filipino: Partido Liberal ng Pilipinas), or LP, is a liberal political party in the Philippines, founded by then-senators Senate President Manuel Roxas, Senate President Pro-Tempore Elpidio Quirino, and former 9th Senatorial District Senator Jos\u00e9 Avelino on January 19, 1946. It is originally a breakaway liberal wing of the old Nacionalista Party. It was the ruling party from 2010 to 2016 after the election victory of Benigno Aquino III as the President of the Philippines. The Liberals lost control in the 2016 presidential election and became the leading opposition party. As of the 2019 midterm elections, the Liberals are still the primary opposition party and hold only three seats in the Senate, 18 seats in the House of Representatives, two provincial governorships, and five vice governorships. \nThe Liberal Party is the second oldest extant political party in the Philippines in terms of date of establishment, and the oldest continually-active political party in the Philippines. The party has been led by liberal thinkers and pro-development politicians like Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino, Diosdado Macapagal, Gerry Roxas, Benigno Aquino, Jr., Jovito Salonga, Raul Daza, Florencio B. Abad Jr., Franklin Drilon, Mar Roxas, and Benigno Aquino III. Two of its members, Corazon Aquino and Leila de Lima, have received the prestigious Prize for Freedom, the highest international award for liberal and democratic politicians since 1985.\n\n", "Q3393355": "Olegario V\u00e1zquez Ra\u00f1a (born 10 December 1935) is a Mexican entrepreneur, businessman, owner of several companies, and the chairman and principal shareholder of Grupo Empresarial \u00c1ngeles. He is married to Mar\u00eda de los Angeles Aldir and has three children (Mar\u00eda de los Angeles, M\u00f3nica and Olegario). He was the President of the International Shooting Sport Federation from 1980 to 2018.", "Q3225795": "The Pornographers is a 1966 Japanese film directed by Shohei Imamura and based on a novel (Erogotoshitachi) by Akiyuki Nosaka. Its original Japanese title is \"Erogotoshitachi\" yori Jinruigaku ny\u016bmon (\u300c\u30a8\u30ed\u4e8b\u5e2b\u305f\u3061\u300d\u3088\u308a \u4eba\u985e\u5b66\u5165\u9580), which means 'An introduction to anthropology through the pornographers'. It tells the story of porn film-maker Mr. Subuyan Ogata, whose business is under threat from thieves, the government, and his own family.\nThe film is a dark comic satire, depicting the underbelly of the Japanese post-war economic miracle, in this case pornographers and small-time gangsters in Osaka. It has been called Imamura's best-known film outside Japan.", "Q454987": "Kati Marton (born April 3, 1949) is a Hungarian-American author and journalist. Her career has included reporting for ABC News as a foreign correspondent and National Public Radio, where she started as a production assistant in 1971, as well as print journalism and writing a number of books.\nShe is a former chairwoman of the International Women's Health Coalition, and a director (former chairwoman) of the Committee to Protect Journalists and other bodies including the International Rescue Committee, Human Rights Watch, and the New America Foundation.", "Q771229": "Allan Whitenack Snyder is the director of the Centre for the Mind at the University of Sydney, Australia where he also holds the 150th Anniversary Chair of Science and the Mind. He is a co-founder of Emotiv Systems and winner of the International Australia Prize in 1997 and the Marconi Prize in 2001 for his contributions to optical physics.\nAllan is also the Creator and Chairman of the What Makes a Champion? forum, an official Olympic cultural event first held at the Sydney 2000, then Beijing 2008 and forthcoming London 2012 Olympic Games. Nelson Mandela and John Howard opened the 2000 event. Tony Blair and Kevin Rudd opened the 2008 Beijing event. \nSnyder's research career began in optical physics and he has published several important papers and books in this field. More recently, he has begun to work on mind sciences.\nSnyder has appeared in several television programs demonstrating how transcranial magnetic stimulation to the left temporal lobe can induce savant-like skills in healthy people. For example, these studies show that after TMS, a person can draw better or count the number of dots on a screen very fast.\n\n", "Q355168": "Lee Grinner Pace (born March 25, 1979) is an American actor. He is known for starring as Thranduil the Elvenking in The Hobbit trilogy and as Joe MacMillan in the AMC period drama television series Halt and Catch Fire. Pace has also appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Ronan the Accuser, a role he first portrayed in Guardians of the Galaxy and reprised in Captain Marvel. He has also received an Emmy Award nomination for his portrayal of Ned in the ABC comedy-drama Pushing Daisies.", "Q76095": "Petrus Mosellanus Protegensis (real name Peter Schade) (b. 1493 in Bruttig, d. 19 April 1524 in Leipzig) was a German humanist scholar. He is best known for the popular work on rhetoric, Tabulae de schematibus et tropis, and his Paedologia. He became professor at the University of Leipzig.\nHe gave the opening Latin oration at the 1519 Leipzig Disputation between Johann Eck and Martin Luther.", "Q59076": "Marcel Arland (5 July 1899, Varennes-sur-Amance, Haute-Marne \u2013 12 January 1986, Haute-Marne) was a French novelist, literary critic, and journalist.", "Q260879": "John Howard Griffin (June 16, 1920 \u2013 September 9, 1980) was an American journalist and author from Texas who wrote about racial equality. He is best known for his project to temporarily pass as a black man and journey through the Deep South of 1959 to see life and segregation from the other side of the color line. He first published a series of articles on his experience in Sepia Magazine, which had underwritten the project. He published a fuller account in a book Black Like Me (1961). This was later adapted as a 1964 film of the same name. A 50th anniversary edition of the book was published in 2011 by Wings Press.", "Q380999": "Aeon is a death metal band that formed in \u00d6stersund, Sweden in 1999. The band comprises vocalist Tommy Dahlstr\u00f6m, guitarists Sebastian Nilsson and Daniel Dlimi, bassist Tony \u00d6stman and drummer Timo H\u00e4kkinen. The band released its debut album, Bleeding the False, in 2005; and the second album Rise to Dominate in 2007, after signing a record deal with Metal Blade Records. The band's third album, Path of Fire, was released in 2010 and Aeons Black in 2012.\nAccording to AllMusic, Aeon plays an \"uncommonly intense, technically proficient, high-velocity brand of death metal\".", "Q2141": "Halifax, officially known as the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM), is the capital of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It had a population of 403,131 in 2016, with 316,701 in the urban area centred on Halifax Harbour. The regional municipality consists of four former municipalities that were amalgamated in 1996: Halifax, Dartmouth, Bedford, and Halifax County.\nHalifax is a major economic centre in Atlantic Canada, with a large concentration of government services and private sector companies. Major employers and economic generators include the Department of National Defence, Dalhousie University, Saint Mary's University, the Halifax Shipyard, various levels of government, and the Port of Halifax. Agriculture, fishing, mining, forestry and natural gas extraction are major resource industries found in the rural areas of the municipality.", "Q66286": "Rita S\u00fcssmuth (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281i\u02d0ta \u02c8z\u028fsmu\u02d0t]; born 17 February 1937) is a German politician and a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).\nFrom 1985 to 1988, she served as Federal Minister for Youth, Family and Health (from 1986 youth, family, women and health) and from 1988 to 1998 as President of the German Bundestag . With close to 10 years, her tenure was the third longest in the history of the Bundestag. Only Eugen Gerstenmaier and Norbert Lammert held the position longer.\nIn addition to her political work, S\u00fcssmuth was involved in many civil society projects, for example as President of the European Movement Germany (1994-1998) and member of the Advisory Board and Board of Trustees of the non-profit Bertelsmann Foundation (1997-2007). S\u00fcssmuth has received various honours for her services.\n\n", "Q49265": "Dus\u00e9 Mohamed Ali (Bey Effendi) (21 November 1866 \u2013 25 June 1945)\n(\u062f\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a) was a Sudanese-Egyptian actor and political activist, who became known for his African nationalism. He was also a playwright, historian, journalist, editor, and publisher. In 1912 he founded the African Times and Orient Review, later revived as the African and Orient Review, which published in total through 1920. He lived and worked mostly in England, with time in the United States and Nigeria. In the latter location, he founded the Comet Press Ltd, and The Comet newspaper in Lagos.", "Q167610": "Pope Eugene III (Latin: Eugenius III; c. 1080 \u2013 8 July 1153), born Bernardo Pignatelli, called Bernardo da Pisa, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1145 to his death in 1153. He was the first Cistercian to become pope. In response to the fall of Edessa to the Muslims in 1144, Eugene proclaimed the Second Crusade. The crusade failed to recapture Edessa, which was the first of many failures by the Christians in the crusades to recapture lands won in the First Crusade. He was beatified in 1872 by Pope Pius IX.\n\n", "Q984487": "Eddie Kirkland (August 16, 1923 \u2013 February 27, 2011) was an American electric blues guitarist, harmonicist, singer, and songwriter.\nKirkland, known as the \"Gypsy of the Blues\" for his rigorous touring schedules, played and toured with John Lee Hooker from 1949 to 1962. After his period of working in tandem with Hooker he pursued a successful solo career, recording for RPM Records, Fortune Records, Volt Records, and King Records, sometimes under the stage name Eddie Kirk. Kirkland continued to tour, write and record albums until his death in February 2011. His last performance, the night before his death, was at Dunedin Brewery, Florida.\n\n", "Q553742": "Vesa-Matti \"Vesku\" Loiri (born 4 January 1945 in Helsinki) is a Finnish actor, musician and comedian, best known for his role as Uuno Turhapuro, whom he portrayed in a total of 20 movies between the years 1973 and 2004.", "Q3922628": "Profile Records is a record label that specialized in urban-oriented music such as hip hop.", "Q1876372": "Luis Cardei (1945\u20132000) was a tango singer and actor known for his performance style.", "Q327298": "Shigellosis is an infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. The diarrhea may be bloody. Symptoms typically last five to seven days and it may take several months before bowel habits return entirely to normal. Complications can include reactive arthritis, sepsis, seizures, and hemolytic uremic syndrome.Shigellosis is caused by four specific types of Shigella. These are typically spread by exposure to infected feces. This can occur via contaminated food, water, or hands or sexual contact. Contamination may be spread by flies or when changing diapers (nappies). Diagnosis is by stool culture.The risk of infection can be reduced by properly washing the hands. There is no vaccine. Shigellosis usually resolves without specific treatment. Sufficient fluids by mouth and rest is recommended. Bismuth subsalicylate may help with the symptoms; however, medications that slow the bowels such as loperamide are not recommended. In severe cases antibiotics may be used but resistance is common. Commonly used antibiotics include ciprofloxacin and azithromycin.Globally shigellosis occurs in at least 80 million people and results in about 700,000 deaths a year. Most cases occur in the developing world. Young children are most commonly affected. Outbreaks of disease may occur in childcare settings and schools. It is also relatively common among travelers. In the United States about half a million cases occur a year.", "Q194798": "Kang Dae-sung (Hangul: \uac15\ub300\uc131; born April 26, 1989), better known by his stage name Daesung and his Japanese stage name D-Lite, is a South Korean singer, actor and television personality who made his musical debut in 2006 as a member of the South Korean boy band Big Bang under the record label YG Entertainment. He debuted as a solo artist in South Korea with the number one trot song \"Look at Me, Gwisoon\" in 2008. Since the inception of the Gaon Digital Chart in 2010, Daesung achieved two Top 10 songs, the digital single \"Cotton Candy\" and \"Wings\" from the Big Bang album Alive (2012).In 2013, he released his first solo album in Japan, D'scover, under the label YGEX and embarked on his first Japanese tour. The following year, he released two more albums, D'slove and his first chart-topper, Delight. D'slove Tour made him the first Korean soloist to gather over 100,000 fans for two Japanese tours in a row. In 2017, he held his first solo Japanese dome tour, performing for over 150,000 people from four shows, and released his second number one album, D-Day, that made him the second foreign male solo artist to have two consecutive number one albums in Japan after Michael Jackson.In South Korean television, he was a part of the main cast of the top-rated comedy show Family Outing from 2008 to 2010, the musical drama series What's Up (2011), and was one of the hosts of the talk show Night After Night (2010).", "Q65957": "Diemtigen is a village and a municipality of the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located at the northern end of the Diemtigtal elevated on a plateau west above the creek Chirel.\nIn 1986, the community was awarded the Wakker Prize for preservation of its architectural heritage.", "Q7039": "Lahr is a city in western Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, approximately 50 km north of Freiburg im Breisgau, 40 km south east of Strasbourg, and 95 km south west of Karlsruhe. It is the second largest city in Ortenau (district) after Offenburg, and serves as an intermediate economic centre for the cities and towns of Ettenheim, Friesenheim, Kappel-Grafenhausen, Kippenheim, Mahlberg, Mei\u00dfenheim, Ringsheim, Rust, Schuttertal, Schwanau and Seelbach.\nThe population of Lahr passed the 20,000 mark in the mid-1950s. When the new body of Municipal Law for Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg came into effect on April 1, 1956, the city was therefore immediately accorded Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt status. In addition, Lahr cooperates with the town of Kippenheim in administrative matters.", "Q326186": "Carmelo Domenic Licciardello (born January 19, 1956) known by his stage name, Carman, is a contemporary Christian music singer, songwriter, television host and evangelist.", "Q316045": "Georg Morris Cohen Brandes (4 February 1842 \u2013 19 February 1927) was a Danish critic and scholar who greatly influenced Scandinavian and European literature from the 1870s through the turn of the 20th century. He is seen as the theorist behind the \"Modern Breakthrough\" of Scandinavian culture. At the age of 30, Brandes formulated the principles of a new realism and naturalism, condemning hyper-aesthetic writing and also fantasy in literature. His literary goals were shared by some other authors, among them the Norwegian \"realist\" playwright Henrik Ibsen.\nWhen Georg Brandes held a series of lectures in 1871 with the title \"Main Currents in 19th-century Literature\", he defined the Modern Breakthrough and started the movement that would become Cultural Radicalism. In 1884 Viggo H\u00f8rup, Georg Brandes, and his brother Edvard Brandes started the daily newspaper Politiken with the motto: \"The paper of greater enlightenment\". The paper and their political debates led to a split of the liberal party Venstre in 1905 and created the new party Det Radikale Venstre.", "Q921991": "Giuseppe Rovani (12 January 1818\u201326 January 1874) was an Italian novelist and essayist.\nRovani was born in Milan. He was known for criticism of historical novels of the Romantic style, which were popular in Italy at the time and whose stereotypes and old fashioned plots he pointed out. He wrote Lamberto Malatesta (1843), Valenzia Candiano (1843) and Manfredo Pallavicino (1845-1846). He took part in the Italian Risorgimento and was a forerunner of the Milanese Scapigliatura.In 1959 he was part of a consortium of writers who co-edited the newspaper Gazzetta di Milano.\nHis masterwork is the novel Cento Anni (1859-1864) which, together with Ippolito Nievo's Confessioni di un italiano, had an important impact on the evolution of Italian literature.\n\nRovani died in Milan in 1874. His body was embalmed by Paolo Gorini and was buried in the Cimitero Monumentale di Milano.\n\n", "Q64491": "Biberstein is a municipality in the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q485310": "Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, comedian, filmmaker, philanthropist, magician, and singer. He is known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles. On television, he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989\u20131993), Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother (2005\u20132014, for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf in A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017\u20132019).\nHarris is also known for his role as the title character in Joss Whedon's musical Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog (2008) and a fictional version of himself in the Harold & Kumar film series (2004\u20132011). His other films include Starship Troopers (1997), Beastly (2011), The Smurfs (2011), The Smurfs 2 (2013), A Million Ways to Die in the West (2014), and Gone Girl (2014). In 2014, he starred in the title role in Hedwig and the Angry Inch on Broadway, for which he won the 2014 Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical.\nHarris has hosted the Tony Awards in 2009, 2011, 2012, and 2013, for which he won four special class Emmy Awards. He also hosted the Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009 and 2013, and hosted the 87th Academy Awards in 2015, thus making him the first openly gay man to host the Academy Awards.Harris was named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People in 2010. He is married to David Burtka. In 2010, they had twins via surrogacy.", "Q283512": "Siddique is an Indian film actor and producer, who works mainly in Malayalam cinema. He also appeared in a few Tamil and Telugu films. He has appeared in more than 300 films.\nSiddique made his acting debut with the film Aa Neram Alppa Dooram (1985). He got a break with the comedy film In Harihar Nagar (1990). Due to its success, Siddique acted in a variety of comic roles during the early-1990s in films such as Godfather, Manthrikacheppu, Simhavalan Menon, Kasargode Khadarbhai, Thiruthalvaadi, Mughamudra, Kunukkitta Kozhi, and Welcome to Kodaikanal. Siddique turned to more serious roles with Asuravamsam and Lelam (both 1997). He also did a notable villain role in Sathyameva Jayathe (2001), which led to a succession of similar roles.\nIn 2004, he was awarded the Kerala State Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performances in Sasneham Sumitra and Choonda. Siddique ventured into production by co-producing the film Nandanam (2002) under Bhavana Cinema. In 2013, he received the Nandi Special Jury Award for Naa Bangaaru Talli. In India, he is both known for his supporting and villain roles.", "Q1351137": "Miller Anderson (born 12 April 1945, Houston, Renfrewshire, Scotland) is a UK-based blues guitarist and singer. In the formative years of the 1960s, before either of them achieved significant success, he worked extensively with Ian Hunter in bands such as The Scenery and At Last The 1958 Rock 'n' Roll Show (later called Charlie Woolfe) and is referenced in the title track of Hunter's 1976 album All American Alien Boy (\"well I remember all the good times me and Miller enjoyed, up and down the M1 in some luminous yo-yo toy\"). Anderson would later guest on two Hunter solo albums.\nApart from pursuing his own solo career, he was a member of the Keef Hartley Band. Other groups Anderson has been associated with are; the Spencer Davis Group, Broken Glass, The Dukes, Mountain, Savoy Brown, T.Rex and Chicken Shack. In early 2006, he joined The British Blues Quintet with Maggie Bell, Zoot Money, Colin Hodgkinson and Colin Allen. \nIn the Spring of 2016 Anderson returned to the studio and in July 2016 released a new album, Through The Mill.", "Q387006": "Fidesz \u2013 Hungarian Civic Alliance (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8fid\u025bs]; in full, Hungarian: Fidesz \u2013 Magyar Polg\u00e1ri Sz\u00f6vets\u00e9g) is a national-conservative, right-wing populist political party in Hungary.\nFounded in 1988 as a liberal youth party opposing the ruling communist government, Fidesz has come to dominate Hungarian politics on the national and local level since its landslide victory in the 2010 national elections on a joint list with the Christian Democratic People's Party, securing it a parliamentary supermajority that it retained in 2014 and again in 2018. Fidesz also enjoys majorities in the county legislatures (19 of 19), but it only has majorities in (10 of 23) assemblies in the cities with county rights and is currently in a minority (13 of 33) in the Budapest assembly. Viktor Orb\u00e1n has been the leader of the party for most of its history.", "Q93757": "Maria Maddalena of Austria (Maria Magdalena; 7 October 1589 \u2013 1 November 1631) was Grand Duchess of Tuscany from the accession of her husband, Cosimo II, in 1609 until his death in 1621. With him, she had eight children, including a duchess of Parma, a grand duke of Tuscany, and an archduchess of Further Austria. Born in Graz, she was the youngest daughter of Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria, and his wife Maria Anna of Bavaria. During the minority of her son, Grand Duke Ferdinando, she and her mother-in-law acted as regents from 1621 to 1628. She died on 1 November 1631 in Passau.\n\n", "Q4518": "Alison Marion Lohman (born September 18, 1979) is an American actress. She starred as Astrid in White Oleander (2002), and has appeared in Matchstick Men (2003), Where the Truth Lies (2005), The Big White (2005), Nausica\u00e4 of the Valley of the Wind (2005), Flicka (2006), and Drag Me to Hell (2009); as well as smaller parts in Big Fish (2003), Beowulf (2007), and Gamer (2009). She has also been on television shows such as Tucker and Pasadena.", "Q199294": "Algirdas Paleckis is a Lithuanian diplomat, politician, columnist.", "Q162740": "Vuk Dra\u0161kovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0412\u0443\u043a \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, pronounced [v\u031e\u00fb\u02d0k dr\u00e2\u0283k\u0254vit\u0361\u0255]; born 29 November 1946) is Serbian writer and politician. He is the leader of the Serbian Renewal Movement, and served as the Deputy Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of both Serbia and Montenegro and Serbia.\nHe graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law in 1968. From 1969-80 he worked as a journalist in the Yugoslav news agency Tanjug.\nHe was a member of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia and worked as the chief of staff of the Yugoslav President Mika \u0160piljak. He has written several novels.", "Q2896098": "Benjamin J. Heckendorn (born October 19, 1975) is an American console modder and Computer engineer. He is better known as Ben Heck on the Internet. Heckendorn is also an independent filmmaker and he was the star of element14's The Ben Heck Show, a popular online series, until leaving the show in late 2018.\nHe has two podcasts, one which he runs with the help of a friend, Jason Jones, and the other on Warpath.TV with George Force, Mike Zucker, and Anthony Carboni.Most of Heckendorn's mods are done by taking apart old video game consoles such as the Atari 2600 and Nintendo Entertainment System. He then reconfigures internal printed circuit board (PCB) into a smaller form factor. The newly configured circuit board is enclosed within a custom case (done by a CNC machine) and any peripherals are assembled by Heckendorn.\nHis creations have been featured in such publications as Wired, Popular Science, and Maxim, and on television shows such as The Screen Savers, Attack of the Show!, and X-Play. His mods are also commonly presented on popular blogs such as Engadget.\n\n", "Q375290": "Robert Hossein (born 30 December 1927) is a French film actor, director, and writer. He directed the 1982 adaptation of Les Mis\u00e9rables, and appeared in Vice and Virtue, Le Casse, Les Uns et les Autres and Venus Beauty Institute. His other roles include Mich\u00e8le Mercier's husband in the Ang\u00e9lique series, a gunfighter in the Spaghetti Western Cemetery Without Crosses (which he also directed and co-wrote), and a Catholic priest who falls in love with Claude Jade and becomes a communist in Forbidden Priests.\n\n", "Q39972": "Edward Matthew Lauter Jr. ( LAW-t\u0259r; October 30, 1938 \u2013 October 16, 2013) was an American actor and stand-up comedian. He appeared in more than 200 films and TV series episodes in a career that spanned over 40 years.", "Q381477": "Kamal Haasan (born 7 November 1954) is an Indian film actor, dancer, film director, screenwriter, producer, playback singer, lyricist and politician who works primarily in Tamil cinema and has also worked in Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Hindi and Bengali films. Haasan has won awards including three National Film Awards for Best Actor and 19 Filmfare Awards and nine International Awards. His production company, Raaj Kamal Films International, has produced several of his films.\nHe started his career as a child artist in the 1960 Tamil language film Kalathur Kannamma, for which he won the President's Gold Medal. He met director Vaaranam Vijay who is frequently credited with shaping Haasan's acting skills. His breakthrough as a lead actor came in the 1975 drama Apoorva Raagangal, directed by K.Balachander, in which he played a rebellious youth who falls in love with an older woman. He won his first National Film Award for his portrayal of a guileless school teacher who cares for a woman who suffers from retrograde amnesia in Moondram Pirai (1983). He was noted for his performances in Mani Ratnam's Nayakan (1987) and S. Shankar's vigilante film Indian (1996), which saw him playing dual roles of a father and a son. Since then he has appeared in films including Hey Ram (2000), Virumaandi (2004), Vishwaroopam (2013) which were his own productions and Dasavathaaram (2008) in which he played ten roles.\nHaasan was awarded the Kalaimamani award in 1984 the Padma Shri in 1990, the Padma Bhushan in 2014 and the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Chevalier) in 2016. Haasan was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award at 15th Mumbai International Film Festival in 2013.On February 21, 2018, Haasan formally launched his political party, Makkal Needhi Maiam (lit. People's Justice Centre). The party's flag displays six joined hands in a circle in alternate red and white colours with a white star at its centre in a black background.", "Q261597": "Yan Junqi (Chinese: \u4e25\u96bd\u742a; born August 1946) is the vice chairwoman of the standing committee of the National People's Congress of China, and the national chair of the China Association for Promoting Democracy, a legally recognized non-Communist political party in China.\n\n", "Q17457": "Donald Ervin Knuth ( k\u0259-NOOTH; born January 10, 1938) is an American computer scientist, mathematician, and professor emeritus at Stanford University. He is the 1974 recipient of the ACM Turing Award, informally considered the Nobel Prize of computer science.He is the author of the multi-volume work The Art of Computer Programming. He contributed to the development of the rigorous analysis of the computational complexity of algorithms and systematized formal mathematical techniques for it. In the process he also popularized the asymptotic notation. In addition to fundamental contributions in several branches of theoretical computer science, Knuth is the creator of the TeX computer typesetting system, the related METAFONT font definition language and rendering system, and the Computer Modern family of typefaces.\nAs a writer and scholar, Knuth created the WEB and CWEB computer programming systems designed to encourage and facilitate literate programming, and designed the MIX/MMIX instruction set architectures. Knuth strongly opposes granting software patents, having expressed his opinion to the United States Patent and Trademark Office and European Patent Organisation.\n\n", "Q4718678": "Alexander Dawson Henderson (February 28, 1865 \u2013 January 5, 1925) was an American-born financier and philanthropist. He was vice president, first treasurer and founding investor of the California Perfume Company (CPC), which later became Avon Products.Henderson supported his local church as a Vestryman for the St. Matthew\u2019s Episcopal Church in Brooklyn, New York. His Philanthropic work included volunteering as President of the New York State Charities Aid Association and acting as Chairman of the Red Cross drive for funds. Henderson volunteered his time as treasurer and director of the Ramapo Valley Independent newspaper.", "Q1599272": "Wilhelm Heinrich Heintz (4 November 1817 \u2013 1 December 1880) was a German structural chemist from Berlin.\nHe initially trained and worked as a pharmacist, from 1841 he studied sciences at the University of Berlin. He earned his PhD at Berlin in 1844 under Heinrich Rose, and two years later, obtained his habilitation in chemistry. In 1850 he became an associate professor at the University of Halle, where in 1855 he attained a full professorship. He was one of six founding members of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft and the only chemist.\nAt Halle, Heintz supervised Johannes Wislicenus's Ph.D. work, although Wislicenus' pro forma advisor at Zurich was Georg Karl Andreas St\u00e4deler. With Christoph Gottfried Giebel, he was editor of the Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Naturwissenschaften.In 1853 he analyzed margaric acid as simply a combination of stearic acid and palmitic acid. He also conducted analysis of uric acid in urea, created methods for the analysis of nitrogen in organic compounds, and studied chemical reactions of chloroacetic acid and the reaction of acetone with amines. In addition he performed chemical investigations of uranium, bismuth, cesium, rubidium and metal phosphates.The mineral heintzite is named for him.", "Q122364": "Sari Abboud (Arabic: \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0648\u062f\u200e; born December 10, 1980), better known by his stage name Massari ( m\u0259-SAH-ree), is a Lebanese\u2013Canadian R&B pop recording artist. His music combines Middle Eastern culture with western culture. He started his musical career in 2001\u20132002, and has released three albums, Massari in 2005, Forever Massari in 2009 and Tune In in 2018. He has had a number of hit singles in Canada, his home country of Lebanon, the Middle East, Europe, and internationally. He is managed by SAL&CO.", "Q241647": "Julius Kugy was a mountaineer, writer, botanist, humanist, lawyer and officer of Slovenian descent. He wrote mostly in German. He is renowned for his travelogues from opening up the Julian Alps, in which he reflected on the relationship between man, nature, and culture. During all his life, he opposed competing nationalist ideologies in the Alpe-Adria region, insisting on the need of peaceful co-existence among Slovene, Italian and German peoples.", "Q164331": "Moby Dick (alternatively titled 2010: Moby Dick or Moby Dick: 2010) is a 2010 film adaptation of Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick. The film is an Asylum production, and stars Barry Bostwick as Captain Ahab. It also stars Renee O'Connor, Michael B. Teh, and Adam Grimes and is directed by Trey Stokes.\n\n", "Q91140": "August Friedrich Ernst Langbein (September 6, 1757 in Radeberg, Saxony \u2013 January 2, 1835 in Berlin) was a German humor writer.", "Q4610556": "A model is a person with a role either to promote, display or advertise commercial products (notably fashion clothing in fashion shows), or to serve as a visual aid for people who are creating works of art or to pose for photography.\nModelling (\"modeling\" in American English) is considered to be different from other types of public performance, such as acting or dancing. Although the difference between modelling and performing is not always clear, appearing in a film or a play is not generally considered to be \"modelling\".\nTypes of modelling include: fashion, glamour, fitness, bikini, fine art, body-part, promotional, and commercial print models. Models are featured in a variety of media formats including: books, magazines, films, newspapers, internet and television. Fashion models are sometimes featured in films (Pr\u00eat-\u00e0-Porter and Looker); reality TV shows (America's Next Top Model and The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency); and music videos (\"Freedom! '90\", \"Wicked Game\", \"Daughters\" and \"Blurred Lines\").\nCelebrities, including actors, singers, sports personalities and reality TV stars, frequently participate in modelling contests, assignments as well as contracts in addition to their regular work.", "Q167638": "Joseph Fran\u00e7ois Augustin Monneron (24 December 1756, Annonay, Ard\u00e8che \u2013 13 August 1826, New Orleans) was French banker and politician, as well as an active merchant in New Orleans seeking to reestablish French influence there after the Louisiana purchase. He was deputy for Paris to the Legislative Assembly until retiring from it in 1792. His brothers Louis Monneron (1742-1805) and Pierre Antoine Monneron (1747-1801) were deputies to the Estates General of 1789 for the East Indies and Mauritius respectively. Other brothers were the deputy Charles Claude Ange Monneron and the engineer Paul M\u00e9rault Monneron.", "Q1460": "Sicily (Italian: Sicilia [si\u02c8t\u0283i\u02d0lja]; Sicilian: Sicilia [s\u026a\u02c8\u0283i\u02d0lja]) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy. It is one of the five Italian autonomous regions and is officially referred to as Regione Siciliana. It has 5 million inhabitants.\nSicily is located in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula, from which it is separated by the narrow Strait of Messina. Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna, the tallest active volcano in Europe, and one of the most active in the world, currently 3,329 m (10,922 ft) high. The island has a typical Mediterranean climate.\nThe earliest archaeological evidence of human activity on the island dates from as early as 12,000 BC. By around 750 BC, Sicily had three Phoenician and a dozen Greek colonies and it was later the site of the Sicilian Wars and the Punic Wars. After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, Sicily was ruled during the Early Middle Ages by the Vandals, the Ostrogoths, the Byzantine Empire, and the Emirate of Sicily. The Norman conquest of southern Italy led to the creation of the Kingdom of Sicily, which was subsequently ruled by the Hohenstaufen, the Capetian House of Anjou, Spain, and the House of Habsburg. It was unified under the House of Bourbon with the Kingdom of Naples as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. It became part of Italy in 1860 following the Expedition of the Thousand, a revolt led by Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Italian unification, and a plebiscite. Sicily was given special status as an autonomous region on 15 May 1946, 18 days before the Italian constitutional referendum of 1946. However, much of the autonomy still remains unapplied, especially financial autonomy, because the autonomy-activating laws have been deferred to be approved by the joint committee (50% Italian State, 50% Regione Siciliana), since 1946.Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature, cuisine, and architecture. It is also home to important archaeological and ancient sites, such as the Necropolis of Pantalica, the Valley of the Temples, Erice and Selinunte.", "Q427941": "The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Pashto: \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u200e, Da Afghanistan Islami Amarat) was a totalitarian Islamic state established in September 1996 when the Taliban began their rule of Afghanistan after the fall of Kabul. At its peak, the Taliban established control over approximately 90% of the country, whereas remaining parts of the country in the northeast were held by the Northern Alliance, who maintained broad international recognition as a continuation of the Islamic State of Afghanistan. After 9/11, international opposition to the regime drastically increased, with diplomatic recognition from the United Arab Emirates, and Pakistan being rescinded. The Islamic Emirate ceased to exist on 17 December 2001, after being overthrown by the Northern Alliance, which had been bolstered by a US-led invasion of the country.", "Q3026218": "Fernando (Ferran) Jaumandreu Obradors (1897\u20131945) was a Spanish composer.\nObradors was taught piano by his mother, but taught himself composition, harmony and counterpoint. He became conductor of the Gran Canaria Philharmonic Orchestra, and later taught at Las Palmas Conservatory. Between 1921 and 1941 he wrote four volumes of arrangements of classic Spanish poetry, \"Canciones cl\u00e1sicas espa\u00f1olas\".\nHe is best known for the song cycle which is volume one. One of the poems, \"La casada infiel\", was written by his friend Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca. Although he wrote many works for the theatre, none have held their place in the repertoire. His orchestral work \"El Poema de la Jungla\" is inspired by The Jungle Book stories by Rudyard Kipling. Many of his contemporaries left Spain to find fame in France, but Obradors remained true to his Catalan roots. His first surname is sometimes split into two Catalan names \u2013 Jaume Andreu.\n\n", "Q274824": "Emma Kristina Degerstedt (born April 13, 1992) is an American television actress and singer. Degerstedt is of Swedish descent.\n\n", "Q160157": "Joseph Isadore Lieberman (; born February 24, 1942) is an American politician, lobbyist and attorney who served as a United States Senator from Connecticut from 1989 to 2013. A former member of the Democratic Party, he was its nominee for Vice President of the United States in the 2000 election. During his final term in office he was officially listed as an independent Democrat and caucused with and chaired committees for the Democratic Party.\nLieberman was elected as a \"Reform Democrat\" in 1970 to the Connecticut Senate, where he served three terms as Majority Leader. After an unsuccessful bid for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1980, he served as state Attorney General from 1983 to 1989. He narrowly defeated Republican incumbent Lowell Weicker in 1988 to win election to the U.S. Senate, and was re-elected in 1994, 2000, and 2006. He was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in the 2000 United States presidential election, running with presidential nominee and then Vice President Al Gore, and becoming the first Jewish candidate on a major American political party presidential ticket.In the 2000 presidential election, Gore and Lieberman won the popular vote by a margin of more than 500,000 votes, but lost the deciding Electoral College to the Republican George W. Bush/Dick Cheney ticket 271\u2013266. He also unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination in the 2004 presidential election.\nDuring his Senate re-election bid in 2006, Lieberman lost the Democratic Party primary election, but won re-election in the general election as a third party candidate under the \"Connecticut for Lieberman\" party label. Never a member of that party, he remained a registered Democrat while he ran.Lieberman was officially listed in Senate records for the 110th and 111th Congresses as an Independent Democrat, and sat as part of the Senate Democratic Caucus. However, after his speech at the 2008 Republican National Convention in which he endorsed John McCain for President, he no longer attended Democratic Caucus leadership strategy meetings or policy lunches. On November 5, 2008, he met with Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid to discuss his future role with the Democratic Party. Ultimately, the Senate Democratic Caucus voted to allow him to keep chairmanship of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Subsequently, he announced that he would continue to caucus with the Democrats. Before the 2016 election, he endorsed Hillary Clinton for President.\nAs Senator, Lieberman introduced and championed the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 and legislation that led to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. During debate on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as the crucial 60th vote needed to pass the legislation, his opposition to the public option was critical to its removal from the resulting bill.", "Q3560910": "Highgate School, formally Sir Roger Cholmeley's School at Highgate, is a British co-educational, fee-paying, independent day school, founded in 1565 in Highgate, London, England. It educates over 1,400 pupils in three sections \u2013 Highgate Pre-Preparatory School (ages 3\u20137), Highgate junior school (ages 7\u201311) and the senior school (11+) \u2013 which together comprise the Highgate Foundation. As part of its wider work the charity was from 2010 a founding partner of the London Academy of Excellence and it is now also the principal education sponsor of an associated Academy, the London Academy of Excellence Tottenham, which opened in September 2017. The principal business sponsor is Tottenham Hotspur FC. The charity also funds the Chrysalis Partnership, a scheme supporting 26 state schools in six London boroughs.", "Q694299": "The National Liberal Party (German: Nationalliberale Partei, NLP) was a liberal party of the North German Confederation and the German Empire which flourished between 1867 and 1918.\nDuring the Prussian-led unification of Germany, the National Liberals became the dominant party in the Reichstag parliament. While supporting the common ideals of liberalism and nationalism, the party contained two wings which reflected the conflicting claims of its Hegelian and idealistic heritage; one which emphasized the power of the state through the Nationalstaat, and the other which emphasized the civil liberties of the Rechtsstaat. Although this cleavage later proved fatal for its unity, the National Liberals managed to remain the pivotal party in the decades after unification by cooperating with both the Progressives and the Free Conservatives on various issues.", "Q97531": "Johannes Zwick (c. 1496, in Konstanz \u2013 23 October 1542, in Bischofszell) was a German Reformer and hymnwriter. He briefly hosted the Anabaptist Johannes B\u00fcnderlin in 1529. He died of the plague.", "Q1039541": "Carl Ludwig H\u00fcbsch (born 1966 in Freiburg im Breisgau) is a German jazz musician, tuba player, and composer.", "Q88411": "Franz St\u00f6hr (born 19 November 1879 in Velik\u00e1 Ves (Chomutov District) \u2013 died 13 November 1938 in Schneidem\u00fchl) was a German politician with the Nazi Party.\nSt\u00f6hr was a Sudeten German who had been active in anti-semitic politics before the First World War.St\u00f6hr was elected member of the Reichstag for Thuringia in May 1924 and retaining his seat until his death. St\u00f6hr began as a member of the German V\u00f6lkisch Freedom Party (DVFP) and was elected as part of the National Socialist Freedom Movement, an electoral pact between this group and the Nazis. However, in May 1927 Ernst Graf zu Reventlow split from the DVFP after becoming a strong admirer of Adolf Hitler and St\u00f6hr joined the likes of Christian Mergenthaler and Wilhelm Kube in following Reventlow into the Nazi Party.He was also a leading figure in the Deutschnationaler Handlungsgehilfen-Verband, a v\u00f6lkisch and anti-Semitic trade union for white-collar workers, close links with which had been cultivated by Gregor Strasser in the early 1930s. He was a shop-assistant by profession and thus of the petit-bourgeois stock that made up the bulk of Nazi Party support in the 1920s.", "Q4360534": "Viktor Petrik (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a) (born 1946) is a Russian businessman. He claims to have made a number of scientific breakthroughs which he markets through his company Goldformula. His supporters have compared him to Thomas Edison, but mainstream scientists dismiss his inventions as pseudoscience. Petrik gained a notoriety in Russia during the scandal, dubbed Petrikgate, related to the involvement of politicians in promotion of Petrik's pseudoinventions.", "Q62976": "Human Desire is a 1954 black-and-white film noir directed by Fritz Lang and starring Glenn Ford, Gloria Grahame and Broderick Crawford. It is loosely based on \u00c9mile Zola's novel La B\u00eate humaine. The story had been filmed twice before: La B\u00eate humaine (1938) directed by Jean Renoir and Die Bestie im Menschen starring Ilka Gr\u00fcning (1920).", "Q120215": "Ernest Frederic Graham Thesiger, CBE (15 January 1879 \u2013 14 January 1961) was an English stage and film actor. He is noted for his performance as Doctor Septimus Pretorius in James Whale's film, Bride of Frankenstein (1935).", "Q1506552": "The Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin (\u0423\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0411.\u041d. \u0415\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0430, Ural\u02b9ski\u012d federal\u02b9ny\u012d universitet imeni pervogo Prezidenta Rossii B.N. Yel\u02b9tsina, often shortened to UrFU, \u0423\u0440\u0424\u0423) (formed by a merger of the Ural State Technical University and Ural State University) is one of the leading educational institutions in the Ural region of Russia. Ural Federal University acts as a research and innovation center of the Ural region and cooperates with the Russian Academy of Sciences. UrFU offers educational programs in four main areas of knowledge and 108 academic majors. There are actively developed links between the university and intermediate educational institutions. UrFU also consistently works on establishing strategic partnerships with employers for the sake of development of the regional economy: employers are involved in the educational environment as direct participants, enployers-sponsored and corporate education is carried out based on the client-centered approach, joint business projects are realized in economic and social areas.", "Q542101": "Boris Borisovich Grebenshchikov (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432; born (1953-11-27)27 November 1953), stage name Boris Grebenshikov, also known as Boris Purushottama Grebenshikov, is one of the most prominent members of the generation which is widely considered the \"founding fathers\" of Russian rock music. Due as much to his personal contribution as to the undisputed and lasting success of his main effort, the band Aquarium (active since 1972 until today), he is a household name in Russia and much of the former Soviet Union. Grebenshchikov is frequently colloquially referred to as BG (Russian: \u0411\u0413) (pronounced \"Beh-Geh\") after his initials. He is often called the 'Grandfather of Russian Rock'.\n\n", "Q3869365": "NASA Astronaut Group 18 (The Bugs). The group saw the training of seven pilots and ten mission specialists to become NASA astronauts. These 17 astronauts began training in August 2000.", "Q1345624": "Anders Wendin (born 16 March 1975, Norrt\u00e4lje, Sweden) is a Swedish rock musician, best known for his solo project Moneybrother.", "Q87044": "Ladislaus II or Ladislas II (Hungarian: II. L\u00e1szl\u00f3, Croatian and Slovak: Ladislav II; 1131 \u2013 14 January 1163) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1162 and 1163, having usurped the crown from his nephew, Stephen III.\nLadislaus received the title of Duke of Bosnia from his father, B\u00e9la II of Hungary, at the age of six but never ruled the province. Instead, around 1160, he followed his younger brother, Stephen's, example and settled in Constantinople but both were to return to Hungary following the death of their elder brother, G\u00e9za II of Hungary, in 1162. Their return was backed by the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos who used their return in a bid to expand his suzerainty over Hungary. Initially, the Emperor was planning to assist Stephen IV in seizing the throne, but the Hungarian lords were only willing to accept Ladislaus as king against the late G\u00e9za II's son, Stephen III.\nAlthough the latter's staunch supporter, Lucas, Archbishop of Esztergom, refused to crown Ladislaus and excommunicated him, he was crowned by Mik\u00f3, Archbishop of Kalocsa, in July 1162 but died within six months of his coronation.", "Q348111": "Look at Me (French: Comme une image) is a 2004 French drama-comedy film directed by Agn\u00e8s Jaoui. It won the Best Screenplay award at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival. The film features a clip from the 1948 film Blood on the Moon.", "Q176053": "Les Fugitifs is a French 1986 comedy film, directed by Francis Veber. It was remade in 1989 as Three Fugitives, also directed by Veber.", "Q131318": "Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Mantec\u00f3n (Spanish pronunciation: [xwan ra\u02c8mo\u014b xi\u02c8mene\u03b8 mante\u02c8kon]; 23 December 1881 \u2013 29 May 1958) was a Spanish poet, a prolific writer who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1956 \"for his lyrical poetry, which in the Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity\". One of Jimenez's most important contributions to modern poetry was his advocacy of the French concept of \"pure poetry.\"\n\n", "Q1945784": "Monte Cazazza is an American artist and composer best known for his seminal role in helping shape industrial music through recordings with the London-based Industrial Records in the mid-1970s.\n\n", "Q118952": "Elsie Attenhofer (born 21 February 1909 in Lugano, died 16 September 1999 in Bassersdorf) was a Swiss cabaret artiste, actress, writer and performer of monologues.", "Q203312": "Uccle (French: [ykl]) or Ukkel (Dutch: [\u02c8\u028fk\u0259l] (listen)) is one of the 19 municipalities located in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium. Like all other Brussels municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French\u2013Dutch).", "Q128891": "Lafayette (, French: [lafaj\u025bt]) is a city in and the parish seat of Lafayette Parish, Louisiana, located along the Vermilion River in the southwestern part of the state. The city of Lafayette is the fourth-largest in the state, with a population of 126,143 according to 2018 U.S. Census estimates. It is the principal city of the Lafayette, Louisiana Metropolitan Statistical Area, with a 2015 estimated population of 490,488. The larger trade area or Combined Statistical Area of Lafayette-Opelousas-Morgan City CSA was 627,146 in 2015.\nIts nickname is The Hub City.", "Q578289": "Waukegan () is the largest city in and the county seat of Lake County, Illinois, United States. An industrial suburb of Chicago, the city is located in the northern sector of the Chicago metropolitan area, situated approximately 35 miles (56 km) north of Downtown Chicago and 23 miles (37 km) northeast of O'Hare International Airport. As of the 2010 census, the population of Waukegan was 89,078, and in 2018 the estimated population was 86,792, which makes it the ninth most populous city in Illinois. Waukegan is a predominantly working-class community, with a sizeable middle-class population.", "Q11998": "Kylie Ann Minogue, (; born 1968), often known simply as Kylie, is an Australian singer, songwriter and actress. She is the highest-selling female Australian artist of all time and has been recognised with several honorific nicknames, most notably the \"Princess of Pop\". Minogue has also been known for reinventing herself in music and fashion throughout her career, being referred to as a style icon.\nBorn and raised in Melbourne, she has worked and lived in the United Kingdom since the 1990s. Minogue achieved recognition starring in the Australian soap opera Neighbours, where she played tomboy mechanic Charlene Robinson. She came to prominence as a recording artist in the late 1980s and released four bubblegum and dance-pop-influenced studio albums produced by Stock Aitken Waterman and released by PWL. By the time she released her fourth album in the early 1990s, she had amassed several top ten singles in the UK and Australia, including \"I Should Be So Lucky\", \"The Loco-Motion\", \"Hand on Your Heart\", \"Better the Devil You Know\" and \"Step Back in Time\". Minogue, however, felt alienated and dissatisfied with the little creative control she had over her music. In 1992, she left PWL and signed with Deconstruction Records, where she released Kylie Minogue (1994) and Impossible Princess (1997), both of which received positive reviews from critics, with the latter being often described as her most personal and best work. Returning to more mainstream dance-oriented music, Minogue signed to Parlophone and released her disco-influenced seventh studio album Light Years (2000), which was preceded by lead single \"Spinning Around\". The follow-up, Fever (2001) became her best-selling album to date and was a breakthrough for Minogue in markets where she had little recognition previously. Its lead single, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" became one of the most successful singles of the 2000s, selling over five million units.\nShe continued reinventing her image and experimenting with a range of genres on her next albums, which produced successful singles such as \"Slow\", \"2 Hearts\" and \"All the Lovers\". Minogue made her film debut in The Delinquents (1989) and portrayed Cammy in Street Fighter (1994). She has also appeared in the films Moulin Rouge! (2001), Jack & Diane and Holy Motors (2012). In 2014, she appeared as a judge on the third series of The Voice UK and The Voice Australia. Her other ventures include product endorsements, children's books and fashion. \nMinogue has sold 70 million records worldwide and has earned numerous awards and accolades, including a Grammy Award, three Brit Awards, 17 ARIA Music Awards, two MTV Europe Music Award and two MTV Video Music Award. She has mounted several successful and critically acclaimed concert tours for which she received a Mo Award for Australian Performer of the Year in 2001 and 2003. Minogue was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2008 New Year Honours for services to Music. She was appointed by the French government as a Chevalier (knight) of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres for her contribution to the enrichment of French culture. In 2005, while Minogue was on her Showgirl: The Greatest Hits Tour, she was diagnosed with breast cancer. After treatment, she resumed the tour under the title Showgirl: The Homecoming Tour, which critics viewed as a \"triumph\". Minogue was awarded an honorary Doctor of Health Science (D.H.Sc.) degree by Anglia Ruskin University for her work in raising awareness for breast cancer. On the 25th anniversary of the ARIA Music Awards in 2011, she was inducted by the Australian Recording Industry Association into the ARIA Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q506743": "Waltershausen is a town in the south-western part of the district of Gotha in the state of Thuringia, Germany.", "Q372299": "Billy Madison is a 1995 American comedy film directed by Tamra Davis. It stars Adam Sandler, Bradley Whitford, Bridgette Wilson, Norm Macdonald, Darren McGavin, Mark Beltzman and Larry Hankin. The film was written by Sandler and Tim Herlihy and produced by Robert Simonds, and was Macdonald's feature film debut. It made over $26.4 million worldwide and debuted at number one at the box office. The film received mixed reviews from critics.", "Q163338": "John Gately Downey (June 24, 1827 \u2013 March 1, 1894) was an Irish-American politician and the seventh governor of California from January 14, 1860 to January 10, 1862. Until the election of Arnold Schwarzenegger in 2003, Downey was the only governor of California to be born outside the United States. Downey was also the first man from Southern California to serve as governor.\nHe was a Slaveholder, holding more than 25 slaves.", "Q59738": "Clinton Amos Clauson (March 28, 1895 \u2013 December 30, 1959) was a Democratic Party politician and the 66th Governor of Maine. Clauson died while in office, having served as governor for just under a year.", "Q516550": "Kenneth Irvine Chenault (born June 2, 1951) is an American business executive. He was the CEO and Chairman of American Express from 2001 until 2018. He is the third African American CEO of a Fortune 500 company.", "Q1053798": "Sergio Caputo (born August 31, 1954 in Rome) is an Italian singer, writer, composer, and guitarist.\nCaputo's first LP was released in 1983. It presented a style that combined jazz and Latin-jazz pop.\nOver his recording career he produced 14 albums where he continued his experimentation of musical and lyrical expression, as both an author and producer as well as guitarist and performer.\nHe also collaborated with many renewed musicians, including Lester Bowie, Tony Scott, Mel Collins (King Crimson), Tony Bowers (Simply Red), Enrico Rava and Danilo Rea.\nIn 2003, he released \"That Kind of Thing\", a guitar-based Smooth Jazz album recorded in California.\nIn 2008, he published his first book \"Disperatamente, e in ritardo cane\" (Desperately, and dog-late) - Mondadori. The book is about a faded italian pop star - living in California - who goes back to Italy every now and then for a tour. Until this one time he loses his American passport and gets stuck in his old wild life.\nIn 2009, he released, on his new label Alcatraz Moon, the live album \"La notte \u00e8 un pazzo con le m\u00eaches\", with his band, the Sergio Caputo Quintet experience.\nIn 2013, he released the 30\u00ba anniversary remake of his first album - Un Sabato Italiano 30 - which redefines Sergio Caputo's style back to his jazzy roots. He also writes a \"reality\" book titled \"Un Sabato Italiano Memories\" (Mondadori) about the years when he - a young art director in a big advertising agency - was torn between his day job and his passion for music.\nIn 2015, he released his first work of brand new songs in many years, Pop Jazz and Love. The album is about \"happy love\" and is entirely in English but for one song. The style is jazz with a twist of latino.\nIn 2017, he starts a collaboration with Francesco Baccini - another Italian famous songwriter - and together they tour and release the single \"Non Fidarti di Me\" (Do Not Trust Me). An entire album of brand new songs by both Caputo and Baccini is expected before the end of the year", "Q293067": "Hermione Ferdinanda Gingold (9 December 1897 \u2013 24 May 1987) was an English actress known for her sharp-tongued, eccentric persona. Her signature drawling, deep voice was a result of nodes on her vocal cords she developed in the 1920s and early 1930s.\nAfter a successful career as a child actress, she later established herself on the stage as an adult, playing in comedy, drama and experimental theatre, and broadcasting on the radio. She found her milieu in revue, which she played from the 1930s to the 1950s, co-starring several times with Hermione Baddeley. Later she played formidable elderly characters in such films and stage musicals as Gigi (1958), Bell, Book and Candle (1958), The Music Man (1962) and A Little Night Music (1973).\nFrom the early 1950s Gingold lived and made her career mostly in the U.S. Her American stage work ranged from John Murray Anderson's Almanac (1953) to Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad (1963), the latter of which she also played in London. She became well known as a guest on television talk shows. She made further appearances in revue and toured in plays and musicals until an accident ended her performing career in 1977.", "Q40269": "Porto Alegre (UK: , US: , local Portuguese: [\u02c8po\u027etu a\u02c8l\u025b\u0261\u027ei] (listen); lit.\u2009'\"Joyful Harbor\"') is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Founded in 1769 by Manuel Sep\u00falveda, its population of 1,481,019 inhabitants (2016) makes it the tenth most populous city in the country and the centre of Brazil's fifth largest metropolitan area, with 4,405,760 inhabitants (2010). The city is the southernmost capital city of a Brazilian state.Porto Alegre was founded in 1769 by Manuel Jorge Gomes de Sep\u00falveda, who used the pseudonym Jos\u00e9 Marcelino de Figueiredo to hide his identity; but the official date is 1772 with the act signed by immigrants from the Azores, Portugal. The vast majority of the population is of European descent.\nThe city lies on the eastern bank of the Gua\u00edba Lake (usually referred by the city population as Gua\u00edba River), where five rivers converge to form the Lagoa dos Patos (Lagoon of the Ducks), a giant freshwater lagoon navigable by even the largest of ships. This five-river junction has become an important alluvial port as well as a chief industrial and commercial center of Brazil.\nIn recent years, Porto Alegre hosted the World Social Forum, an initiative of several non-government organizations. The city became famous for being the first city that implemented participatory budgeting. The 9th Assembly of the World Council of Churches was held in Porto Alegre in 2006. Since 2000, Porto Alegre also hosts one of the world's largest free software events, called FISL.\nThe city was one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, having previously been a venue for the 1950 FIFA World Cup. \nIn the middle of 2010's, Porto Alegre had a growing wave of violence, being ranked as 39th among the world's 50 most violent cities in 2017. Nevertheless, the number of violent crimes has been dropping steadily since 2018.", "Q1627242": "Loren Stillman (born June 14, 1980) is a jazz saxophonist and composer. He has received two Outstanding Performance Awards (1996 and 1998) and the Rising Star Jazz Artist Award (2004) from Down Beat Magazine. and received the CMA/ASCAP Award for Adventurous Programming and the ASCAP Young Jazz Composers Award in 2005.", "Q354538": "Douglas Howard Gresham (born November 10, 1945) is an American British stage and voice-over actor, biographer, film producer, and executive record producer. He is one of the two stepsons of C. S. Lewis.\n\n", "Q69823": "Hans F. Sennholz (; German: [\u02c8z\u025bnh\u0254lts]; 3 February 1922 \u2013 23 June 2007) was a German-born American Austrian School economist and prolific author who studied under Ludwig von Mises. A Luftwaffe pilot during World War II, he was shot down over North Africa on 31 August 1942, and spent the remainder of the war in a POW camp in the United States.\nAfter returning to Germany, Sennholz took degrees at the universities of Marburg in 1948 and K\u00f6ln in 1949. He then moved to the United States to study for a Ph.D. at New York University where he became Mises' first PhD student in the United States. He taught economics at Grove City College, 1956\u20131992. After he retired, he became president of the Foundation for Economic Education, 1992\u20131997.\nJoseph Salerno and Joseph Schumpeter have both praised Sennholz for his exceptional prose clarity in defense of the Austrian school.", "Q57715": "Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini (15 May 1942 \u2013 28 September 2018) was a Swazi politician who served as Prime Minister of Eswatini, from 1996 to 2003 and again from October 2008 to September 2018.\n\n", "Q93031": "Victor Mikhailovich Glushkov (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043b\u0443\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432; August 24, 1923 \u2013 January 30, 1982) was a Soviet mathematician, the founding father of information technology in the Soviet Union and one of the founding fathers of Soviet cybernetics.\nHe was born in Rostov-on-Don, Russian SFSR, in the family of a mining engineer. Glushkov graduated from Rostov State University in 1948, and in 1952 proposed solutions to Hilbert's fifth problem and defended his thesis in Moscow State University.\nIn 1956 he began working with computers and worked in Kiev as a Director of the Computational Center of the Academy of Science of Ukraine. In 1958 he became a member of the Communist Party. In 1962 Glushkov established the famous Institute of Cybernetics of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine and became its first Director. \nHe made contributions to the theory of automata. He and his followers (Kapitonova, Letichevskiy and other) successfully applied that theory to enhance construction of computers. His book on that topic \"Synthesis of Digital Automata\" became well known. For that work, he was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1964 and elected as a Member of the Academy of Science of USSR.\nHe greatly influenced many other fields of theoretical computer science (including the theory of programming and artificial intelligence) as well as its applications in the USSR. He published nearly 800 printed works.\nOne of his great practical goals was the creation of the National Automated System for Computation and Information Processing (OGAS), consisting of a computer network to manage the allocation of resources and information among organizations in the national economy, which would represent a higher form of socialist planning than the extant Stalinist command economy. This ambitious project was ahead of its time, first being proposed and modeled in 1962. It received opposition from many senior Communist Party leaders who felt the system threatened Party control of the economy. By the early 1970s official interest in this system ended.\nGlushkov founded a Kiev-based Chair of Theoretical Cybernetics and Methods of Optimal Control at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1967 and a Chair of Theoretical Cybernetics at Kiev State University in 1969.\nThe Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, which he created, is named after him.", "Q165749": "Sir William Henry Perkin, FRS (12 March 1838 \u2013 14 July 1907) was a British chemist and entrepreneur best known for his serendipitous discovery of the first synthetic organic dye, mauveine, made from aniline. Though he failed in trying to synthesise quinine for the treatment of malaria, he became successful in the field of dyes after his first discovery at the age of 18.Perkin set up a factory to produce the dye industrially. Lee Blaszczyk, professor of business history at the University of Leeds, states, \"By laying the foundation for the synthetic organic chemicals industry, Perkin helped to revolutionize the world of fashion.\"\n\n", "Q258470": "Crystal Marie Reed (born February 6, 1985) is an American actress. She is best known for her television roles as Allison Argent in Teen Wolf (2011\u20132014; 2016), Sofia Falcone in the fourth season of Gotham (2017\u20132018) and Abby Arcane in the series Swamp Thing (2019). Reed has also starred in the films Skyline (2010), Crush (2013) and Ghostland (2018).", "Q94992": "Karl Malden (born Mladen George Sekulovich; March 22, 1912 \u2013 July 1, 2009) was an American actor. He was primarily a character actor who \"for more than 60 years brought an intelligent intensity and a homespun authenticity to roles in theater, film and television\", especially in such classic films as A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) \u2014 for which he won the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor \u2014 On the Waterfront (1954), Pollyanna (1960), and One-Eyed Jacks (1961). Malden also played in high-profile Hollywood films such as Baby Doll (1956), The Hanging Tree (1959), How the West Was Won (1962), Gypsy (1962) and Patton (1970).\nFrom 1972 to 1977, he portrayed Lt. Mike Stone in the prime time television crime drama The Streets of San Francisco. He was later the spokesman for American Express. Film and culture critic Charles Champlin described Malden as \"an Everyman, but one whose range moved easily up and down the levels of society and the IQ scale, from heroes to heavies and ordinary, decent guys just trying to get along\", and at the time of his death, Malden was described as \"one of the great character actors of his time\" who created a number of \"powerhouse performances on screen\". Malden was also President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences from 1989 to 1992.", "Q1524081": "Gilbert Trigano (1920\u20132001) was a French businessman.", "Q517882": "Peter Baumann (born 29 January 1953) formed the core line-up of the pioneering German electronic group Tangerine Dream with Edgar Froese and Christopher Franke in 1971. Baumann composed his first solo album in 1976, while still touring with the band, and embarked on a solo career in 1977. He founded the record label Private Music. Since the early 2000s, Baumann has devoted his time to studying and promoting initiatives in science and philosophy that shed light on the human condition.\n\n", "Q3940091": "Roger Moore (April 10, 1938 \u2013 October 22, 2011) was a professional poker player.\nMoore grew up the son of sharecroppers. He quit school in the eighth grade and soon afterwards entered into military service. After the military he worked as a civil servant and for fun he would play poker. When he realized he was making more money playing poker, he quit his job and in 1968 moved to Las Vegas, Nevada.\nMoore played at the World Series of Poker regularly, beginning in 1974, and won his bracelet in the $5,000 Seven-Card Stud event in 1994. He earned a prize of $144,000, in addition to the bracelet, for this win.\nHis career tournament earnings totaled over $600,000. He was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame in 1997.\nMoore owned the Pine Bluff Golf Course and Country Club in Eastman, Georgia.\nHe had two children.\n\n", "Q878614": "Karl Holz (27 December 1895 in Nuremberg \u2013 20 April 1945 in Nuremberg) was a German Nazi Party politician. He was Gauleiter of Gau Franconia and rose to the rank of Gruppenf\u00fchrer in the Sturmabteilung (SA).", "Q41163": "Alfredo James Pacino (; Italian: [pa\u02c8t\u0283i\u02d0no]; born April 25, 1940) is an American actor and filmmaker. In a career spanning over five decades, he has received many awards and nominations, including an Academy Award, two Tony Awards, and two Primetime Emmy Awards. He is one of the few performers to have received the Triple Crown of Acting. He has also been honored with the AFI Life Achievement Award, the Cecil B. DeMille Award, and the National Medal of Arts.\nA method actor and former student of the HB Studio and the Actors Studio, where he was taught by Charlie Laughton and Lee Strasberg, Pacino's film debut came at the age of 29 with a minor role in Me, Natalie (1969). He gained favorable notice for his first lead role as a heroin addict in The Panic in Needle Park (1971). Wide acclaim and recognition came with his breakthrough role as Michael Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather (1972), for which he received his first Oscar nomination, and he would reprise the role in the sequels The Godfather Part II (1974) and The Godfather Part III (1990). His portrayal of Corleone is regarded as one of the greatest performances in film history.\nPacino received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor for Serpico (1973), The Godfather Part II, Dog Day Afternoon (1975), and ...And Justice for All (1979), ultimately winning it for playing a blind military veteran in Scent of a Woman (1992). For his performances in The Godfather, Dick Tracy (1990), Glengarry Glen Ross (1992), and The Irishman (2019), he earned Best Supporting Actor Oscar nominations. Other notable portrayals include Tony Montana in Scarface (1983), Carlito Brigante in Carlito's Way (1993), Benjamin Ruggiero in Donnie Brasco (1997), and Lowell Bergman in The Insider (1999). He has also starred in the thrillers Heat (1995), The Devil's Advocate (1997), Insomnia (2002), and appeared in Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019).\nOn television, Pacino has acted in several productions for HBO, including Angels in America (2003) and the Jack Kevorkian biopic You Don't Know Jack (2010), winning a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for each. He has also had an extensive career on stage. He is a two-time Tony Award winner, in 1969 and 1977, for his performances in Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie? and The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel.\nPacino made his filmmaking debut with Looking for Richard (1996), directing and starring in this documentary about Richard III; Pacino had played the lead role on stage in 1977. He has also acted as Shylock in a 2004 feature film adaptation and 2010 stage production of The Merchant of Venice. Pacino directed and starred in Chinese Coffee (2000), Wilde Salom\u00e9 (2011), and Salom\u00e9 (2013). Since 1994, he has been the joint president of the Actors Studio.\n\n", "Q454005": "Leonardo de la Caridad Padura Fuentes (born on October 10th, 1955) is a Cuban novelist and journalist. As of 2007, he is one of Cuba's best-known writers internationally. In his native Spanish, as well as in English and some other languages, he is often referred to by the shorter form of his name, Leonardo Padura. He has written screenplays, two books of short stories, and a series of detective novels translated into 10 languages. In 2012, Padura was awarded the National Prize for Literature, Cuba's national literary award and the most important award of its kind. In 2015, he was awarded the Premio Principe de Asturias de las Letras of Spain, one of the most important literary prizes in the Spanish-speaking world and usually considered as the Iberoamerican Nobel Prize.\n\n", "Q174650": "John Simon (born August 11, 1941) is an American music producer, composer, writer and performer. Recognized as one of the top record producers in the United States during the late 1960s and the 1970s, Simon produced numerous classic albums that continue to sell more than 50 years later, including the Band\u2019s Music from Big Pink, The Band, and The Last Waltz, Cheap Thrills by Big Brother & the Holding Company featuring Janis Joplin, Songs of Leonard Cohen by Leonard Cohen, and Child Is Father to the Man by Blood, Sweat & Tears.", "Q58432": "Saint Hugh of Ch\u00e2teauneuf (1053 \u2013 1 April 1132) was the Bishop of Grenoble from 1080 to his death. He was a partisan of the Gregorian reform and opposed to the Archbishop of Vienne, later Pope Callixtus II.", "Q442667": "Aya Sugimoto (\u6749\u672c \u5f69, Sugimoto Aya, born July 19, 1968) is a Japanese TV personality, actress, dancer, author, gravure idol and singer born in Kyoto. She also had a J-pop career in the late 1980s to the early 1990s.", "Q57701": "Dean Oliver Barrow, SC, PC (born 2 March 1951) is a Belizean politician who has been Prime Minister of Belize since 2008. He is also the leader of the United Democratic Party (UDP) since 1998. An attorney by profession, he served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1993 to 1998 and was Leader of the Opposition from 1998 until the UDP won the February 2008 election. Barrow started his first term as Prime Minister after victory in the 2008 election. He started his second term after the UDP again won an election on 7 March 2012. He started his third term when the UDP won again on 4 November 2015.\nBarrow was born and raised in Belize City, British Honduras (now Belize), and received an economics and political degree from the University of Miami. Forbes estimates his net worth to be $1 million.", "Q69837": "Piet Sielck (born 14 November 1964) is a power metal guitarist, vocalist and producer. He is member of the power/speed metal band Iron Savior as well as owner of the studio Powerhouse in Hamburg.", "Q84559": "Max Graf (1 October 1873 \u2013 24 June 1958) was an Austrian music critic, born in Vienna. He is also notable for his role in the history of psychoanalysis as the father of Little Hans.Graf's book Composer and Critic is noted for its amicable style with M. A. Schubart of the New York Times stating, \"Dr. Graf has written a charming, comprehensive, intelligent treatise on music criticism, drawing generously on his own large supply of knowledge and experience.... The only major issue which I cannot reach agreement with Dr. Graf is his manner. He is much too polite. No subject in the world deserves more rudeness than music criticism.\"\nIn the introduction to this book, Graf details his original interest in music criticism as having stemmed from attending the lectures of Anton Bruckner in Vienna.\nGraf died in Vienna.", "Q30942": "Guido van Rossum (Dutch: [\u02c8\u0263ido v\u0251n \u02c8r\u0254s\u028fm, -s\u0259m]; born 31 January 1956) is a Dutch programmer best known as the author of the Python programming language, for which he was the \"Benevolent dictator for life\" (BDFL) until he stepped down from the position in July 2018. He is currently a member of the Python Steering Council, however he has withdrawn from nominations for the 2020 Python Steering Council.", "Q269861": "Erin Karpluk (c.\u20091979/1980) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her portrayal of Erica Strange on the Canadian television series Being Erica.", "Q258464": "Trinity College (Irish: Col\u00e1iste na Tr\u00edon\u00f3ide), officially the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin, is the sole constituent college of the University of Dublin, a research university located in Dublin, Ireland. The college was founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I as \"the mother of a university\" that was modeled after the collegiate universities of Oxford and Cambridge, but unlike these affiliated institutions, only one college was ever established; as such, the designations \"Trinity College\" and \"University of Dublin\" are usually synonymous for practical purposes. The college is legally incorporated by \"the Provost, Fellows, Foundation Scholars and other members of the Board,\" as outlined by its founding charter. It is one of the seven ancient universities of Britain and Ireland, as well as Ireland's oldest surviving university.\nTrinity College is widely considered the most prestigious university in Ireland, and one of the most elite academic institutions in Europe. The college is particularly acclaimed in the fields of Law, Literature and Humanities. In accordance with the formula of ad eundem gradum, a form of recognition that exists among the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge and the University of Dublin, a graduate of Oxford, Cambridge, or Dublin can be conferred with the equivalent degree at either of the other two universities without further examination. Trinity College, Dublin is a sister college to St John's College, Cambridge and Oriel College, Oxford.Originally, Trinity was established outside the city walls of Dublin in the buildings of the outlawed Catholic Augustinian Priory of All Hallows. Trinity College was set up in part to consolidate the rule of the Tudor monarchy in Ireland, and as a result was the university of the Protestant Ascendancy for much of its history. While Catholics were admitted from 1793, certain restrictions on membership of the college remained, as professorships, fellowships and scholarships were reserved for Protestants. These restrictions were lifted by an Act of Parliament in 1873. However, from 1871 to 1970, the Catholic Church in Ireland, in turn, forbade its adherents from attending Trinity College without permission. Women were first admitted to the college as full members in January 1904.The university is a member of the League of European Research Universities (LERU), a list of 23 institutions that excel in academic research, and is the only Irish university in the group. Trinity College was ranked 43rd in the world by QS World University Rankings in 2009 and is currently ranked 108th. The university has educated some of Ireland's most famous poets, playwrights and authors, including Oscar Wilde, Jonathan Swift, Bram Stoker, William Trevor, Oliver Goldsmith and William Congreve, Nobel Laureates Samuel Beckett, Ernest Walton and William Cecil Campbell, former Presidents of Ireland Mary McAleese, Douglas Hyde and Mary Robinson, philosophers including George Berkeley and Edmund Burke, and mathematician William Rowan Hamilton. \nTrinity College is now surrounded by central Dublin and is located on College Green, opposite the historic Irish Houses of Parliament. The college proper occupies 190,000 m2 (47 acres), with many of its buildings ranged around large quadrangles (known as 'squares') and two playing fields. Academically, it is divided into three faculties comprising 25 schools, offering degree and diploma courses at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The university is globally recognised as a leading international centre for research and also as a world leader in Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Immunology, Mathematics, Engineering, Psychology, Politics, English and Humanities. The admission procedure is highly competitive, and based exclusively on academic merit. The Library of Trinity College is a legal deposit library for Ireland and Great Britain, containing around 7 million printed volumes and significant quantities of manuscripts, including the renowned Book of Kells, which arrived at the college in 1661 for safekeeping after the Cromwellian raids on religious institutions. The enormous collection housed in the Long Room includes a rare copy of the 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic and an iconic 15th-century wooden harp which is the model for the current emblem of Ireland. The library itself receives over half a million visitors each year, making it the most important one in Ireland.\n\n", "Q542115": "John William Leckie (born 23 October 1949) is an English record producer and recording engineer. His production credits include Magazine's Real Life (1978), XTC's White Music (1978) and Dukes of Stratosphear's 25 O'Clock (1985), the Stone Roses' The Stone Roses (1989), Radiohead's The Bends (1995), Muse's Origin of Symmetry (2001) and the Levellers' We the Collective (2018).", "Q961437": "Max Azria (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e7\u05e1 \u05e2\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4, Arabic: \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629\u200e; January 1, 1949 \u2013 May 6, 2019) was a Tunisia-born fashion designer who founded the contemporary women's clothing brand BCBGMAXAZRIA. Azria was also the designer, chairman and CEO of the BCBG Max Azria Group, a global fashion house that encompassed over 20 brands. Azria left BCBG in 2016. BCBG Max Azria filed for bankruptcy in 2017 and was sold to Marquee Brands and Global Brands Group. \nLater Azria served as the CEO of ZappLight.", "Q53567": "Helen Hull Jacobs (August 6, 1908 \u2013 June 2, 1997) was an American tennis player who won nine Grand Slam titles. She was born in Globe, Arizona, United States.\n\n", "Q179374": "Robert Owen (; 14 May 1771 \u2013 17 November 1858), a Welsh textile manufacturer, philanthropist and social reformer, was one founder of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement. He is known for efforts to improve factory working conditions for his workers and promote experimental socialistic communities. In the early 1800s, he became wealthy as an investor and eventual manager of a large textile mill at New Lanark, Scotland. He had initially trained as a draper in Stamford, Lincolnshire and worked in London before relocating aged 18 to Manchester and becoming a textile manufacturer. In 1824, Owen travelled to America and invested most of his fortune in an experimental socialistic community at New Harmony, Indiana, a preliminary model for Owen's utopian society. It lasted about two years; other Owenite utopian communities met similar fates. In 1828, Owen returned to settle in London, where he continued to champion the working class, led the development of cooperatives and the trade union movement, and supported the passage of child labour laws and free co-educational schools.", "Q733998": "Rio de Janeiro\u2013Antonio Carlos Jobim/Gale\u00e3o International Airport (IATA: GIG, ICAO: SBGL), popularly known by its original name Gale\u00e3o International Airport, is the main airport serving Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the country's second-busiest international airport. It is named after Praia do Gale\u00e3o (Galleon Beach), located in front of the original passenger terminal (the present passenger terminal of the Brazilian Air Force) and where in 1663 the galleon Padre Eterno was built; and since January 5, 1999 also after the Brazilian musician Antonio Carlos Jobim. Gale\u00e3o Airport is explicitly mentioned in his composition Samba do avi\u00e3o. It is the largest airport site in terms of area in Brazil.\nSince August 12, 2014 it has been operated by the concessionary Rio Gale\u00e3o, a consortium formed by the Brazilian investor Odebrecht and Changi Airport Group, with a minority participation of the government owned company Infraero, the previous operator. The new concessionary has been using the brand name RIOgale\u00e3o \u2013 Aeroporto Internacional Tom Jobim.Some of its facilities are shared with the Gale\u00e3o Air Force Base of the Brazilian Air Force.\n\n", "Q203306": "Herman Hugo (9 May 1588 \u2013 11 September 1629) was a Jesuit priest, writer and military chaplain. His Pia desideria, a spiritual emblem book published in Antwerp in 1624, was \"the most popular religious emblem book of the seventeenth century\". It went through 42 Latin editions and was widely translated up to the 18th century.", "Q157089": "Margaret of Austria (25 December 1584 \u2013 3 October 1611) was Queen consort of Spain and Portugal by her marriage to King Philip III and II.", "Q275290": "James Edwin Otto (born January 5, 1938) is an American former professional football player who was a center for the Oakland Raiders of the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL).\n\n", "Q91632": "Wolfgang Fritz Haug (born March 23, 1936 in Esslingen am Neckar, W\u00fcrttemberg) was from 1979 till his retirement in 2001 professor of philosophy at the Free University Berlin, where he had also studied romance languages and religious studies and taken his PhD (in 1966 on the topic of \"Jean-Paul Sartre and the construction of absurdity\").", "Q107866": "J\u00f6rg Graser (born 30 December 1951) is a German film director and screenwriter. His film Abraham's Gold was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q4120816": "Jos\u00e9 Luis B\u00e1rcenas Guti\u00e9rrez (born October 22, 1957 in Huelva, Spain) served as party treasurer of Spain's Partido Popular (PP, People's Party) and a senator. Formerly a key player in his party's accounts department,\nsince 2009 he has been embroiled in political corruption scandals. In 2018 he was sentenced to a 33 year prison term and a \u20ac44 million euro fine for his role in the G\u00fcrtel trial.", "Q1452665": "Freddy Taylor, also Freddie Taylor was an American jazz singer, trumpeter, dancer and bandleader of swing.", "Q378978": "C\u00e1stulo Guerra (born August 24, 1945) is an Argentine actor who has appeared in several American films and television shows.", "Q392379": "The Desert Rose Band was an American country rock band from California, founded by Chris Hillman (formerly of the Byrds and the Flying Burrito Brothers) along with Herb Pedersen and John Jorgenson in 1985. Rounding out the original lineup were Bill Bryson on bass guitar, JayDee Maness on pedal steel guitar, and Steve Duncan on drums. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the band charted several hit singles on the US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts until disbanding in February 1994.", "Q150080": "Mikhail Yefimovich Fradkov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0415\u0444\u0438\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432, IPA: [m\u02b2\u026ax\u0250\u02c8il j\u026a\u02c8f\u02b2im\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 fr\u0250t\u02c8kof]; born 1 September 1950) is a Russian politician who served as Prime Minister of Russia from 2004 to 2007. An Independent, he was the head of Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service from 2007 to 2016. Since 4 January 2017, Fradkov has been Director of the Russian Institute for Strategic Studies.The cabinet of Fradkov was the first government in the history of Russia that voluntarily resigned accordance to part 1 of Article 117 of the constitution.", "Q32833": "Teofilo Folengo (Italian pronunciation: [te\u02cc\u0254\u02d0filo fo\u02c8le\u014b\u0261o]) (November 8, 1491 \u2013 December 9, 1544), who wrote under the pseudonym of Merlino Coccajo or Merlinus Cocaius in Latin, was one of the principal Italian macaronic poets.", "Q99508": "Adolf Heinrich Wilhelm Scholz, since 1883 Adolf Heinrich Wilhelm von Scholz (born 1 November 1833 in Schweidnitz, died 20 March 1924 at Schloss Seeheim, Constance) was a German army officer and politician. From 1864\u20131871 he was colonel of the 49th Regiment of Cavalry and retired after the Franco-Prussian War to a more peaceful role in politics. He served as Secretary for the Treasury of Germany from 1880 to 1882. In July 1882 he became Minister of Finance of the Kingdom of Prussia and served in this office until 1890.\nHe bought the Schloss Seeheim at Constance from Ernst Lang in 1885. His son was the author Wilhelm von Scholz.", "Q203460": "Wallace Earle Stegner (February 18, 1909 \u2013 April 13, 1993) was an American novelist, short story writer, environmentalist, and historian, often called \"The Dean of Western Writers\". He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1972 and the U.S. National Book Award in 1977.\n\n", "Q1973544": "Leonid Borisovich Nevzlin (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0434 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043d; Hebrew: \u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d3 \u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05e5' \u05e0\u05d1\u05d6\u05dc\u05d9\u05df\u200e, born 21 September 1959) is a Russian-born Israeli businessman, investor, and philanthropist.\nNevzlin occupied various high-ranking positions at Group Menatep and its subsidiary, the Yukos Oil Company. In 2003, the Russian state expropriated Yukos and began a campaign of persecution against its executives. Nevzlin was tried in absentia in Russia in March 2008, found guilty of several counts of conspiracy to murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. In 2014, the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruled in favor of Nevzlin and other Yukos shareholders, calling the actions of the Russian state \u201ca ruthless campaign to destroy Yukos and to expropriate its assets\".", "Q311716": "Francesco Clemente Giuseppe Sparanero (born 23 November 1941), better known by his stage name Franco Nero, is an Italian actor. He is best known for his breakthrough role as the title character in Sergio Corbucci's Spaghetti Western film Django (1966), a role that he reprised in Nello Rossati's Django Strikes Again (1987).\nSince then, he has performed over 200 leading and supporting roles in a wide variety of films and television programmes in both Italy and abroad, in genres ranging from poliziotteschi, to action, to drama, to war, and musicals. These include The Bible: In the Beginning... (1966), Camelot (1967), The Day of the Owl (1968), The Mercenary (1968), Battle of Neretva (1969), Tristana (1970), Compa\u00f1eros (1970), Confessions of a Police Captain (1971), Keoma (1976), Hitch-Hike (1977), Force 10 from Navarone (1978), Enter the Ninja (1981), Die Hard 2 (1990), Letters to Juliet (2010) and John Wick: Chapter 2 (2017). He also played the narrator in the film Rasputin (2010), directed by Louis Nero, and voiced the character of Uncle Topolino in the animated film Cars 2 (2011) directed by John Lasseter and co-directed by Brad Lewis. In 2012, Nero made a cameo appearance in Quentin Tarantino's Django Unchained.\nAccording to Deadline Hollywood, Nero is expected to appear in the dark comedy feature film The Immortalist in 2020, along with Sherilyn Fenn, Paul Rodriguez, Aries Spears, and Jeff DuJardin. Directed by Vlad Kozlov. \nNero is known for his ties to the Redgrave family, and has had a long-standing relationship with Vanessa, which began during the filming of Camelot. They were married in 2006.", "Q715787": "Robert Foster Bennett (September 18, 1933 \u2013 May 4, 2016) was an American politician and businessman. He was a United States Senator from Utah as a member of the Republican Party. Bennett held chairmanships and senior positions on a number of key Senate committees, including the Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee; Appropriations Committee; Rules and Administration Committee; Energy and Natural Resources Committee; and Joint Economic Committee.\nBennett was a popular and reliably conservative senator for most of his tenure, earning high ratings from conservative activist groups such as the National Rifle Association, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, and American Conservative Union. However, in 2010 Bennett became one of the most prominent targets of the Tea Party Movement, which criticized his support of the Bush Administration's bank bailout and argued that Bennett was insufficiently conservative. Despite an enthusiastic endorsement from Mitt Romney, Bennett was denied a place on the primary ballot by the 2010 Utah State Republican Convention, placing third behind two Tea-Party-backed candidates.Following his exit from the Senate, Bennett joined the law firm Arent Fox as senior policy advisor. He also became Chairman of Bennett Group, a consulting firm with offices in Salt Lake City and Washington, D.C., and announced his intention to become a registered lobbyist in early 2013, after being out of office for the legally required two years. He served as a Senior Fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Center, where he focused on budget, energy, and health issues, Bennett was a part-time teacher, researcher, and lecturer at the University of Utah's Hinckley Institute of Politics and was a fellow at the George Washington University School of Media and Public Affairs. He was a member of the Board of the German Marshall Fund.", "Q938224": "Joseph Muscat, (born 22 January 1974) is a Maltese politician who served as Prime Minister of Malta from 2013 to 2020, and Leader of the Partit Laburista (PL) from June 2008 to January 2020. Muscat was re-elected as prime minister in the elections of 3 June 2017 (55.04% after 54.83% in 2013). Previously he was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2004 to 2008. He was Leader of the Opposition from October 2008 to March 2013. Muscat identifies as a progressive and liberal politician, with pro-business leanings, and has been associated with both economically liberal and socially liberal policies.Muscat succeeded Alfred Sant as party leader in 2008. He rebranded the Labour Party, which embraced an increasingly socially liberal and centrist position. The 2013 general election saw Muscat becoming Prime Minister in March 2013. His premiership was marked for pulling together a national consensus for economic growth, based on a restructured Maltese economy. His administration led to large-scale changes to welfare and civil liberties, including the legalisation of same-sex marriage in July 2017.Muscat presided over the rise of the Labour Party and its dominance in Maltese politics, and the relative decline of the Nationalist Party. Muscat has been praised for eliminating Malta's national deficit, decreasing unemployment to historic lows, and presiding over an unprecedented period of economic growth. Conversely, he has been criticised by figures on both the left and right, and has been accused of political opportunism, broken promises on meritocracy and the environment, as well as corruption allegations. On 1 December 2019, under pressure from the 2019 street protests calling for his resignation in relation to the assassination of journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia, Muscat announced his resignation, and stepped down on 13 January 2020.", "Q88405": "John Michael Kohler II (November 3, 1844 \u2013 November 5, 1900) was member of the Kohler family of Wisconsin and was a prosperous industrialist and mayor of Sheboygan, Wisconsin. Kohler founded what later became known as the Kohler Company, a large producer of bathroom and kitchen products.\n\n", "Q263394": "Arthur Benjamin Aragon (November 13, 1927 \u2013 March 25, 2008) was a Mexican-American boxer in the lightweight class from New Mexico.\n\n", "Q510653": "Anita Sarkeesian (; born 1983) is a Canadian-American feminist media critic, blogger, and public speaker. She is the founder of Feminist Frequency, a website that hosts videos and commentary analyzing portrayals of women in popular culture. She has received particular attention for her video series Tropes vs. Women in Video Games, which examines tropes in the depiction of female video game characters.\nIn 2012, Sarkeesian was targeted by an online harassment campaign following her launch of a Kickstarter project to fund the Tropes vs. Women in Video Games series. Supporters donated almost $160,000 to the project, far beyond the $6,000 she had sought. The situation was covered extensively in the media, placing Sarkeesian at the center of discussions about misogyny in video game culture and online harassment. She has spoken to TEDxWomen, XOXO Festival, and the United Nations' Broadband Working Group on Gender, and appeared on The Colbert Report discussing her experiences of harassment and the challenge of attempting to improve gender inclusivity in gaming culture and the media.", "Q271948": "Rachel Claire Ward, (born 12 September 1957) is an English-born Australian actress, film director, television director, and screenwriter.", "Q1351123": "Yury Ionovich Morozov (Russian: \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432, born 5 August 1949 in Sterlitamak, Bashkir ASSR, Russian SFSR, USSR) is a Russian businessman and politician, and a former Prime Minister of South Ossetia. Morozov was confirmed by the Parliament of South Ossetia on 5 July 2005. 23 Out of 24 MPs present voted in favour of his candidacy. On 18 August 2008, it was announced that Morozov and his government had been dismissed by South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity. Kokoity said he thought the government was not handling the emergency aid from Russia, which was arriving after the 2008 South Ossetia war, good enough.According to accounts of several South Ossetian military and political leaders, Morozov fled Tskhinval at onset of Georgian attack. Anatoly Bibilov, then deputy commander of North Ossetian peacekeeping battalion, claimed that already at 5 am of 8 August 2008 (6 hours after the bombardment of Tskhinval had started), Morozov was in Vladikavkaz. Boris Chochiev, then Deputy Prime Minister of South Ossetia, has also claimed that when he connected with Morozov on the phone on 8 August and asked to help organize evacuation of women and children, Morozov was in Vladikavkaz and effectively declined any responsibility, exclaiming \"F## you and your children!\"", "Q257031": "\u015eebnem D\u00f6nmez (born May 17, 1974 in Salzgitter, Germany) is a Turkish movie, television series actress and host of television shows.\nOriginally a model, she debuted in 1992 at the television scene taking part in a motorsports show of TRT, at that time Turkey's only channel. \u015eebnem D\u00f6nmez kept on appearing in and hosting several TV shows since then.She acted in a stream of Turkish films and television series. The first international movie she acted in was The Net 2.0, a Hollywood production shot in Istanbul. She performed on stage with one of the leading roles in Oyunun Oyunu (Noises Off) by Michael Frayn.In 2005, she married the film director Ezel Akay. Their marriage ended after two years.", "Q172547": "Don Freeland (March 25, 1925 \u2013 November 2, 2007) was an American racecar driver who is best known for competing in the Indianapolis 500 eight times.\nBorn in Los Angeles, California, Freeland served in the Navy as a mechanic during World War II. After the war, he began racing. He raced in the AAA and USAC Championship Car series from 1952 to 1962, with 76 career starts. He finished in the top ten 41 times, with a best finish of second place occurring 3 times.\nFreeland competed in the Indy 500 each year from 1953 to 1960. He appeared headed for a second-place finish in 1955 before a transmission failure ended his day 22 laps prior to the end of the race. He came back with a best Indy finish of third the next year. He also finished in the top ten in 1954 and 1958.\nFreeland died in San Diego, California at age 82.", "Q68297": "Sierre (German: Siders) is the capital of the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It has a population of 16,332.\nSierre is nicknamed City of the Sun (French: Cit\u00e9 du Soleil) for its average of 300 days of sunshine a year.\nIt is the last official French speaking city in Valais before the French\u2013German language border of the canton located at the for\u00eat de Finges, few kilometres after the town. A German-speaking minority lives in Sierre, as it counts around 8% of the population.", "Q342428": "Suffolk is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 84,585. It is the largest city in Virginia by boundary land area as well as the 14th largest in the country.\nSuffolk is located in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. This also includes the independent cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Virginia Beach, and smaller cities, counties, and towns of Hampton Roads. With miles of waterfront property on the Nansemond and James rivers, present-day Suffolk was formed in 1974 after consolidating with Nansemond County and the towns of Holland and Whaleyville. The current mayor (as of 2014) is Linda T. Johnson.", "Q1179603": "DePaul University is a private, Roman Catholic university in Chicago, Illinois. Founded by the Vincentians in 1898, the university takes its name from the 17th-century French priest Saint Vincent de Paul. In 1998, it became the largest Catholic university by enrollment in the United States. Following in the footsteps of its founders, DePaul places special emphasis on recruiting first-generation students and others from disadvantaged backgrounds.DePaul's two campuses are located in Lincoln Park and the Loop. The Lincoln Park Campus is home to the Colleges of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Science and Health, and Education. It also houses the School of Music, the Theatre School, and the John T. Richardson Library. The Loop campus houses the Colleges of Communication, Computing and Digital Media, and Law, as well as the School of Public Service and the School for New Learning. It is also home to the Kellstadt Graduate School of Business, which is part of the nationally ranked Driehaus College of Business, the tenth oldest business school in the nation. The Loop campus also houses the Loop Library, the Rinn Law Library, and the Barnes and Noble-based Student Center.\nThe university enrolls around 16,000 undergraduates and about 7,600 graduate/law students, making DePaul the 13th largest private university by enrollment in the United States, and the largest private university in Illinois. According to the Division of Student Affairs website, about 90% of DePaul's students commute or live off campus. The student body represents a wide array of religious, ethnic, and geographic backgrounds, including over 60 foreign countries.DePaul's intercollegiate athletic teams, known as the DePaul Blue Demons, compete in the Big East Conference. DePaul's men's basketball team has made 18 NCAA tournament appearances and appeared in two Final Fours.", "Q41605": "Constantine IV (Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394', romanized: K\u014dnstantinos IV; Latin: Flavius Constantinus Augustus; c. 652 \u2013 14 September 685), sometimes incorrectly called Pogonatos (\u03a0\u03c9\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2), \"the Bearded\", out of confusion with his father, was Byzantine Emperor from 668 to 685. His reign saw the first serious check to nearly 50 years of uninterrupted Islamic expansion, while his calling of the Sixth Ecumenical Council saw the end of the monothelitism controversy in the Byzantine Empire.", "Q226810": "The Dream of Zorro (Italian: Il Sogno di Zorro) is a 1952 Italian comedy adventure film directed by Mario Soldati and starring Walter Chiari, Delia Scala and Vittorio Gassman. The future star Sophia Loren had a minor role in the film.\nThe film's sets were designed by Guido Fiorini.", "Q95332": "Erwin B\u00f6hme (29 July 1879 \u2013 29 November 1917), Pour le M\u00e9rite, was a German pilot during World War I. He was born in Holzminden, grew into an athletic sportsman and became a flying ace during the war, credited with 24 victories. He was both a close friend and a military subordinate of Oswald Boelcke and was inadvertently responsible for Boelcke's death. B\u00f6hme was also both a contemporary of and eventually subordinate to the Red Baron.", "Q548438": "Bruce Arthur Johnston (born Benjamin Baldwin; June 27, 1942) is an American singer, musician, songwriter, and record producer best known as a member of the Beach Boys. In 1965, Johnston joined the band for live performances, filling in for the group's co-founder Brian Wilson, who had quit touring in order to spend more time in the studio. Johnston then became a contributing member on subsequent albums.\nHis songs for the Beach Boys include \"Tears in the Morning\" (1970), \"Deirdre\" (1970), and \"Disney Girls (1957)\" (1971). He served as a producer for the Beach Boys albums L.A. (Light Album) (1979) and Keepin' the Summer Alive (1980). Johnston is also known for his early 1960s collaborations with Terry Melcher as Bruce & Terry and with the surf band the Rip Chords, as well as composing the 1975 Barry Manilow hit, \"I Write the Songs\". He continues to tour as a member of the Beach Boys alongside band co-founder Mike Love.", "Q973755": "David Wayne Williams (February 29, 1972 \u2013 August 14, 2002) was an American vocalist best known as the original lead singer for the nu metal band Drowning Pool.", "Q85121": "Friedrich Kaiser (3 April 1814, Biberach - 6 November 1874, Vienna) was an Austrian playwright. During his youth he was one of the most popular people in Vienna. Some of his plays were \"Hans Hasenkopf\" (1835); \"Wer wird Amtmann\" (1840), \"Palais und Irrenhaus\" (1863), \"Des Kr\u00e4mers T\u00f6chterlein\" (1862), \"Pater Abraham a Sancta Clara\" as well as many others. He also wrote the historical novel \"Ein Plaffenfeben.\"", "Q51416": "Men in Black is a 1997 American science fiction action-comedy film directed by Barry Sonnenfeld, produced by Walter F. Parkes and Laurie MacDonald and written by Ed Solomon. Loosely adapted from The Men in Black comic book series created by Lowell Cunningham and Sandy Carruthers, the film stars Tommy Lee Jones and Will Smith as two agents of a secret organization called the Men in Black, who supervise extraterrestrial lifeforms who live on Earth and hide their existence from ordinary humans. The film featured the creature effects and makeup of Rick Baker and visual effects by Industrial Light & Magic.\nThe film was released in the United States on July 2, 1997 by Columbia Pictures, and grossed over $589.3 million worldwide against a $90 million budget, becoming the year's third highest-grossing film. It received worldwide acclaim, with critics highly praising its witty, sophisticated humor, plot, thematic profundity, action sequences, Jones and Smith's performances, directing, special effects and Danny Elfman's musical score. The film received three Academy Award nominations: Best Art Direction, Best Original Score and Best Makeup, winning the latter award.\nThe film spawned two sequels, Men in Black II (2002) and Men in Black 3 (2012); a spin-off film, Men in Black: International (2019); and a 1997\u20132001 animated series.\n\n", "Q49259": "Virginia Beach is an independent city located on the southeastern coast of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 437,994; in 2018, it was estimated to be 450,189. Although mostly suburban in character, it is the most populous city in Virginia and the 44th most populous city in the nation.\nLocated on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia Beach is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. This area, known as \"America's First Region\", also includes the independent cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Suffolk, as well as other smaller cities, counties, and towns of Hampton Roads.\nVirginia Beach is a resort city with miles of beaches and hundreds of hotels, motels, and restaurants along its oceanfront. Every year the city hosts the East Coast Surfing Championships as well as the North American Sand Soccer Championship, a beach soccer tournament. It is also home to several state parks, several long-protected beach areas, three military bases, a number of large corporations, Virginia Wesleyan University and Regent University, the international headquarters and site of the television broadcast studios for Pat Robertson's Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN), Edgar Cayce's Association for Research and Enlightenment, and numerous historic sites. Near the point where the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean meet, Cape Henry was the site of the first landing of the English colonists, who eventually settled in Jamestown, on April 26, 1607.\nThe city is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as having the longest pleasure beach in the world. It is located at the southern end of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, the longest bridge-tunnel complex in the world.", "Q2074105": "Peter M. Brant (born March 1, 1947) is an American industrialist.", "Q261583": "Lauren Christine German (born November 29, 1978) is an American actress. She had her first major role in the 2002 romantic drama film A Walk to Remember, followed by roles in the horror films The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003) and Hostel: Part II (2007). From 2011 to 2012, German had a main role as DHS agent Lori Weston in the second season of the CBS police drama Hawaii Five-0, and from 2012 to 2015, she starred as Leslie Shay in the NBC drama Chicago Fire. In 2016, she began starring as detective Chloe Decker in the American fantasy comedy-drama Lucifer.", "Q26846": "Archelaus I (; Greek: \u1f08\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u0384 Arkhelaos, \u0386\u03c1\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd, Lord of the People) was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 413 to 399 BC. He was a capable and beneficent ruler, known for the sweeping changes he made in state administration, the military, and commerce. By the time that he died, Archelaus had succeeded in converting Macedon into a significantly stronger power. Thucydides credited Archelaus with doing more for his kingdom's military infrastructure than all of his predecessors together.", "Q69189": "Wilhelm Eduard Albrecht (4 March 1800 \u2013 22 May 1876) was a German constitutional lawyer, jurist, and docent. Albrecht was most notable as a member of the G\u00f6ttingen Seven, a group of academics who in 1837 protested against the abrogation of the constitution of the Kingdom of Hanover by King Ernest Augustus.\nAlbrecht was born in Elbing (Elbl\u0105g), West Prussia, and studied in Berlin, G\u00f6ttingen, and K\u00f6nigsberg. He taught jurisprudence in K\u00f6nigsberg in 1829, relocating to G\u00f6ttingen the following year. After his association with the G\u00f6ttingen Seven in 1837, which resulted in his dismissal, he found work as a freelance lecturer in Leipzig. Here, in 1840, he became a professor of law.\nIn 1847 Albrecht joined the L\u00fcbeck chapter of the Germanistentage. In 1848, during the March Revolution, Albrecht was a member of the Frankfurt Parliament and a delegate to the Siebzehnerausschuss, whose constitution he prepared. From 18 May to 17 August he represented Harburg in the Frankfurt Parliament, where he allied himself with the Casino faction.\nIn 1863 Albrecht was appointed to the Geheim Hofrat (approx. \"Secret Advisory Council\"), shortly before his retirement in 1868.\nAlbrecht remains a significant figure in jurisprudence for his conception of the state as a purely theoretical legal entity, a view he developed in an 1837 review of Romeo Maurenbrecher's \"Grunds\u00e4tze des heutigen Staatsrechts\". This view stands in opposition to the old Germanic concept of the state as Verbandsperson, a collective person, a position defended by Otto von Gierke.\nHis father in law was the astronomer Christian Ludwig Ideler.", "Q122370": "Gottfried Keller (19 July 1819 \u2013 15 July 1890) was a Swiss poet and writer of German literature. Best known for his novel Green Henry (German: Der gr\u00fcne Heinrich), he became one of the most popular narrators of literary realism in the late 19th century.", "Q28658": "John Fisher Burns (born 4 October 1944) is a British journalist, winner of two Pulitzer Prizes. He was the London bureau chief for The New York Times, where he covered international issues until March 2015. Burns also frequently appears on PBS. He has been called \"the dean of American foreign correspondents.\"", "Q198175": "Sister Maureen Fiedler, Ph.D., is an American activist and radio host and a member of the Sisters of Loretto (not related to the Sisters of Loreto). She is a progressive, controversial activist within the Roman Catholic Church. She has a long history working with interfaith coalitions on a variety of issues including: social justice, peace, anti-racism work, gender equality, human rights and female ordination in the Catholic Church. She holds a doctorate in Government from Georgetown University. She is the executive producer and host of the radio show Interfaith Voices, which she originated.", "Q115537": "I Know Where I'm Going! is a 1945 romance film by the British-based filmmakers Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. It stars Wendy Hiller and Roger Livesey, and features Pamela Brown and Finlay Currie.", "Q2196": "Pierre Desproges (May 9, 1939 \u2013 April 18, 1988) was a French humorist. He was born in Pantin, Seine-Saint-Denis. According to himself, he made no significant achievements before the age of 30. From 1967 to 1970, he worked as: life insurance salesman, opinion pool investigator, \"lonely hearts\" columnist, horse racing forecaster, and sales manager for a styrofoam beam company.\nFrom 1970 to 1976, he worked for the newspaper L'Aurore. Starting in 1975, he became a \"reporter\" on Le petit rapporteur (The Little Snitch), a satirical TV show hosted by Jacques Martin. He caught the public's attention with unconventional interviews of celebrities, among them novelists Fran\u00e7oise Sagan or Jean-Edern Hallier.\nHe appeared for the first time on stage at the Olympia theater during a Thierry Le Luron show. Among other things, he became very famous for his Chroniques de la haine ordinaire (Chronicles of Ordinary Hatred), a 1986 radio show.\nIn the 1980s, he appeared daily on Le tribunal des flagrants d\u00e9lires (a pun on the French term \"flagrant d\u00e9lit\" meaning red-handed), a comedy show where celebrities were judged in mock-trials. Desproges held the part of the prosecutor for more than two years, a part for which his verve, his scathing humour and his literary erudition were ideally suited.\nIn 1982, he created La minute n\u00e9cessaire de Monsieur Cyclop\u00e8de, a series of shorts for TV, where he played an omniscient professor. He answered to metaphysical and nonsensical questions such as \"How to make King Louis XVI fireproof?\", proved that Beethoven was not deaf but stupid, and explained why the improbable encounter between the Venus de Milo and Saint Exup\u00e9ry's 'Petit Prince' was a fiasco. Each episode ended with the catchphrase: \"\u00c9tonnant, non ?\" (\"Astonishing, isn't it?\")\nIn 1984, he had his first stand-up show at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Fontaine. In 1986, his second stand-up, Pierre Desproges se donne en spectacle was presented at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Gr\u00e9vin. He started work on a third stand-up, and the drafts were ultimately published in 2010.\nIn 1987, doctors discovered he had inoperable lung cancer in an advanced stage, and his relatives, in agreement with the doctors, decided to hide the condition from him, so he could spend his final days quietly. He died in 1988, from a disease he had bitterly laughed at time and time again, often saying \"I won't have cancer: I'm against it\". He is buried in the P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. His epitaph reads: \"Pierre Desproges est mort d'un cancer, \u00e9tonnant, non ?\" (\"Pierre Desproges died of cancer, astonishing, isn't it?\")\n\n", "Q3288": "John Gregg (September 28, 1828 \u2013 October 7, 1864) was an American politician who served as a Deputy from Texas to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1862. He served as a senior officer of the Confederate States Army and was killed in action during the Siege of Petersburg.", "Q12808513": "The Faculty of Political Science of the University of Ankara (Turkish: Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fak\u00fcltesi, more simply known as \"SBF\") is the oldest faculty of social science in Turkey, being the successor of the \"Mekteb-i M\u00fclkiye\" (also known as the \"M\u00fclkiye\") which was established in Istanbul on February 12, 1859, under the reign of Sultan Abdulaziz, then moved to Ankara in 1936 under a new name, and was incorporated to Ankara University on April 3, 1950, under its current name. The Faculty of Political Science provides higher education in the fields of Social Science, Public Finance, Economics, Public Administration, Labor Economics, Business Administration and International Relations.\nIt is considered to be one of the most influential institutes in the political life of Turkey.", "Q2004409": "Rance Howard (born Harold Rance Beckenholdt; November 17, 1928 \u2013 November 25, 2017) was an American actor who starred in film and on television. He was the father of actor and filmmaker Ron Howard and actor Clint Howard, and grandfather of the actresses Bryce Dallas Howard and Paige Howard.\nHoward appeared in many notable films such as Cool Hand Luke (1967), Chinatown (1974), Splash (1984), Ed Wood (1994), Apollo 13 (1995), Independence Day (1996), A Beautiful Mind (2001), Cinderella Man (2005), Frost/Nixon (2008), Nebraska (2013), and Max Rose (2016). For co-producing the television film The Time Crystal (1981), he received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Program.", "Q189078": "Alvin Nathaniel Joiner (born September 18, 1974), better known by his stage name Xzibit (pronounced \"Exhibit\"), is an American rapper, actor and broadcaster.\nXzibit began his musical career after the release of his debut studio album At The Speed Of Life on October 15, 1996. The album generated both critical and commercial success, peaking at number 74 on the Billboard 200. It also contained the single \"Paparazzi\", which peaked at number 83 on the Billboard Hot 100. This success allowed Xzibit to secure a recording contract with Loud Records later that year.\nXzibit released his second album 40 Dayz & 40 Nightz on August 25, 1998, which peaked at number 53 on the Billboard 200. The album also contained the single \"What U See Is What U Get\", which peaked at #50 on the Billboard Hot 100. The album's success also caught attention from West Coast rapper Dr. Dre who acted as the executive producer on Xzibit's third album Restless which was released on December 12, 2000.\nRestless debuted at number 14 on the Billboard 200, and was later certified platinum in the United States. The album also contained the singles \"Front 2 Back\", \"X\", and \"Get Your Walk On\". His follow-up album Man vs. Machine (2002) also enjoyed similar commercial success; it debuted at number 3 on the Billboard 200, and was certified gold, while Weapons of Mass Destruction (2004) also became certified gold. After the release of Full Circle in 2006, Xzibit underwent a musical hiatus, not releasing any music until the release of his seventh studio album Napalm on October 9, 2012. However, shortly after the release of the album, Xzibit entered another period of hiatus, and has not released any further music to date.\nXzibit has also gained fame as an actor and television host, notably for his role as Shyne Johnson in the television series Empire, and as the host for the reality television series Pimp My Ride. He has also starred in the films Gridiron Gang (2006), The X-Files: I Want to Believe (2008), Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2009) and Sun Dogs (2017).", "Q859157": "Milton Powell (born December 4, 1977), better known by his stage name Big Pokey, is an American rapper from Houston, Texas. Pokey is associated with chopped and screwed music, and is one of the original members of the Screwed Up Click.\n\n", "Q284282": "Giovanni Antonio Amadeo (c. 1447 \u2013 August 27 or 28, 1522) was an Italian early Renaissance sculptor, architect, and engineer.", "Q267119": "Vanessa Nicole Marano (born October 31, 1992) is an American actress. She has starred in television movies and had recurring roles in such series as Without a Trace, Gilmore Girls, Ghost Whisperer, Scoundrels, Grey's Anatomy and The Young and the Restless. From 2011 to 2017, she starred as Bay Kennish on the Freeform television series Switched at Birth.", "Q65980": "Carl Ferdinand Appun (24 May 1820, Bunzlau- July 1872, Guyana) was a German naturalist.\nOn the recommendation of Alexander von Humboldt Appun was employed by Frederick William IV of Prussia as a botanist in Venezuela where excepting a one-year break in Germany, he spent ten years exploring the flora. After that he went to British Guayana, where he researched as a botanist on behalf the British government. He also visited parts of Brazil -the Rio Branco and Rio Negro on the Amazon to Tabatinga. During a visit in Germany (1868\u20131871) he published a set of essays in different magazines . His best known work Unter den Tropen (Under the Tropics) was at that time extremely popular. In 1871 he undertook a second exploration of Guyana, where he had an accident which led to his death. His last writings were essays about Indigenous peoples in Venezuela. \nAppun described many new plant species and is also known as an entomologist.", "Q1568512": "The Hagen Mountains (German: Hagengebirge) are a subrange of the Berchtesgaden Alps. They lie mainly in the Austrian state of Salzburg, the western quarter is in the Bavarian county of Berchtesgadener Land.\nThe steep western flanks of the Hagen lie in Bavaria and drop 1,700 metres (5,580 ft) in height to the basin of the Berchtesgadener K\u00f6nigssee.", "Q89928": "Julius Brandt (5 March 1873, in Olm\u00fctz \u2013 26 December 1949, in Vienna) was an Austrian stage and film actor, film director and screenwriter.", "Q6318209": "Private Music was an American independent record label founded in 1984 by musician Peter Baumann as a \"home for instrumental music\". Baumann signed Ravi Shankar, Yanni, Suzanne Ciani, Andy Summers, Patrick O'Hearn, Leo Kottke, and his former bandmates, Tangerine Dream. The label specialized in New age music but made a sharp turn to the mainstream by signing Taj Mahal, Ringo Starr, Etta James, and A. J. Croce. Its albums were distributed by BMG (the label's earliest recordings having been distributed by RCA), which bought Private Music in 1996.", "Q118013": "Friedrich Huldreich Erismann, or Fyodor Fyodorovich Erismann (14 November 1842 - 13 November 1915) was a Swiss ophthalmologist and hygienist born in Gontenschwil, canton of Aargau. \n\n", "Q297598": "Beatriz Luengo Gonz\u00e1lez (born 23 December 1982) is a Spanish singer, songwriter, actress, dancer, and entrepreneur. She gained international recognition by portraying Lola Fern\u00e1ndez in the Antena 3 series One Step Forward (Spanish: Un paso adelante) and its spin\u2013off musical group UPA Dance. Consisting of Luengo, Pablo Puyol, Miguel \u00c1ngel Mu\u00f1oz, M\u00f3nica Cruz and Silvia Marty, UPA Dance released one studio album, UPA Dance, which reached number one at the Spanish Albums Chart and sold over 1.1 million units in Spain and France.\nFollowing the ending of Un paso adelante, Luengo launched a solo career and released her debut studio album Mi generaci\u00f3n in 2005, followed by BL (2006), Carrousel (2008) and Bela y sus moskitas muertas (2011). She also co\u2013wrote the song \"M\u00e1s fuerte\" for Cucu Diamantes and earned a Latin Grammy Award nomination for Best Alternative Song in 2009. In 2007 Beatriz Luengo won an EBBA Award.", "Q742634": "Augusto Righi (27 August 1850 \u2013 8 June 1920) was an Italian physicist and a pioneer in the study of electromagnetism. He was born and died in Bologna.\n\n", "Q72224": "Dea Loher (born 1964) is a German playwright and author.", "Q130947": "Lee Joon-gi (born 17 April 1982) is a South Korean actor, singer, dancer, and model. He rose to fame on his first leading role playing a clown in the film The King and the Clown (2005). Since then, he has starred in television series My Girl (2005), Time Between Dog and Wolf (2007), Iljimae (2008), Arang and the Magistrate (2012), Gunman in Joseon (2014), Scholar Who Walks The Night (2015), Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo (2016) and Lawless Lawyer (2018).", "Q34271": "Standard Tibetan is a widely spoken form of the Tibetic languages that has many commonalities with the speech of Lhasa, an \u00dc-Tsang (Central Tibetan) dialect. For this reason, Standard Tibetan is often called Lhasa Tibetan. Tibetan is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The written language is based on Classical Tibetan and is highly conservative.", "Q984450": "James McGill (October 6, 1744 \u2013 December 19, 1813) was a Scottish businessman and philanthropist best known for being the founder of McGill University, Montreal. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Montreal West in 1792 and was appointed to the Executive Council of Lower Canada in 1793. He was the honorary Lieutenant-Colonel of the 1st Battalion, Montreal Militia, a predecessor unit of The Canadian Grenadier Guards. He was also a prominent member of the Ch\u00e2teau Clique and one of the original founding members of the Beaver Club. His summer home stood within the Golden Square Mile.\n\n", "Q3751546": "Franco Reviglio (born 3 February 1935) is an Italian academic, businessman and socialist politician, who served in various capacities in the public administration of Italy.", "Q457281": "The University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign (U of I, Illinois, UIllinois, or colloquially the University of Illinois or UIUC) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana. It is the flagship institution of the University of Illinois system and was founded in 1867.\nThe University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified as a R1 Doctoral Research University under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, which denotes the highest research activity. In fiscal year 2017, research expenditures at Illinois totaled $642 million. The campus library system possesses the second-largest university library in the United States by holdings after Harvard University. The university also hosts the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) and is home to the fastest supercomputer on a university campus.The university contains 16 schools and colleges and offers more than 150 undergraduate and over 100 graduate programs of study. The university holds 651 buildings on 6,370 acres (2,578 ha) and its annual operating budget in 2016 was over $2 billion. The University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign also operates a Research Park home to innovation centers for over 90 start-up companies and multinational corporations, including Abbott, AbbVie, Caterpillar, Capital One, Dow, State Farm, and Yahoo, among others.As of October 2018, 30 Nobel laureates, 2 Turing Award winners, and 1 Fields medalist have been affiliated with the university as alumni, faculty members, or researchers.", "Q350979": "Zoology () is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. The term is derived from Ancient Greek \u03b6\u1ff7\u03bf\u03bd, z\u014dion, i.e. \"animal\" and \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, logos, i.e. \"knowledge, study\".", "Q573323": "Anthony Cornelius Hamilton (born January 28, 1971) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer who rose to fame with his platinum-selling second studio album Comin' from Where I'm From (2003), which featured the title track single \"Comin' from Where I'm From\" and the follow-up \"Charlene\". Nominated for 17 Grammy Awards, he is also known for the song \"Freedom\" from the soundtrack album of Django Unchained co-written and sung as a duo with indie soul singer Elayna Boynton.", "Q421471": "Aksel Hennie (born 29 October 1975) is a Norwegian actor, director, and screenwriter. He is best known for his leading role in the Norwegian film Headhunters (2011), and as Tydeus in Hercules. He also had a supporting role in Ridley Scott's The Martian (2015).", "Q43947": "Fernanda Abreu (born September 8, 1961) is a Brazilian singer.", "Q89096": "Ursula Strauss (born 25 April 1974, in Melk) is an Austrian actress. She is best known for her role as inspector Angelika Schnell in the television series Schnell ermittelt.", "Q451196": "Quest for Fire (French: La Guerre du feu) is a 1981 epic prehistoric adventure film directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud, written by G\u00e9rard Brach and starring Everett McGill, Ron Perlman, Nameer El-Kadi and Rae Dawn Chong. The Canadian-French co-production is a film adaptation of the 1911 Belgian novel The Quest for Fire by J.-H. Rosny. The story is set in Paleolithic Europe (80,000 years ago), with its plot surrounding the struggle for control of fire by early humans. \nThe film was critically acclaimed. It won the Academy Award and BAFTA Award for Best Makeup, and the C\u00e9sar Awards for Best Film and Best Director. At the 5th Genie Awards, the film was nominated in seven categories and won in five (Best Actress, Best Costume Design, Best Editing, Best Sound Editing, Best Overall Sound).", "Q126843": "Kenneth Charles \"Jethro\" Burns (March 10, 1920 \u2013 February 4, 1989) was an American mandolinist and one-half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro with Henry D. \"Homer\" Haynes.", "Q5408705": "The Blossoms are an American girl-group that originated from California. During their height of success in the 1960s, the group's lineup most famously consisted of Darlene Love, Fanita James, and Jean King.\nAlthough the group had a recording career in their own right, they were most famous for being the group to actually record the #1 hit \"He's a Rebel\" (which producer Phil Spector credited to the Crystals), and for providing backing vocals for many of the biggest hits of the 1960s.\nIt has been said that the Blossoms were to the American West Coast what the Sweet Inspirations were to the East Coast and the Andantes were for Motown.", "Q232130": "A World Apart is a 1988 anti-apartheid drama film and directed by Chris Menges and starring Barbara Hershey, David Suchet, Jeroen Krabb\u00e9, Paul Freeman, Tim Roth, and Jodhi May. Written by Shawn Slovo, it is based on the lives of Slovo's parents, Ruth First and Joe Slovo. The film was a co-production between companies from the UK and Zimbabwe, where it was filmed. It features Hans Zimmer's first non-collaborative film score.", "Q88388": "Norbert Peters (10 July 1942 \u2013 4 July 2015) was a professor at RWTH Aachen University, Germany and one of the world-wide authorities in the field of combustion engineering. He headed the Institut f\u00fcr Technische Verbrennung (Institute for Combustion Technology). Born in Linz, Austria, he was educated at the Karlsruhe University of Technology and later at the Technical University of Berlin. He worked in Rourkela Steel Plant for six months.\nPeters's primary research interest was in the field of combustion engineering, especially turbulent flames. The interaction between turbulence and combustion constituted an important part of his research. He was author of the book titled Turbulent Combustion, a monograph with excellent but challenging insights on the advances, problems, and active research in the field of combustion in turbulent flow media. He was well known for his ideas on the Laminar flamelet model in turbulent combustion as well as for the systematic generation of reduced reaction mechanisms from detailed reaction mechanisms.\nHe had received numerous recognitions for his contributions, including:\n\nHonorary Doctorate degrees from University of Brussels (1994), Technical University of Darmstadt (2002) and ETH Zurich (2010)\nZeldovich Medal of Combustion Institute (2002) \nGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1990) \nMember of the United States National Academy of Engineering (since 2002)", "Q712765": "Peter Andre (born Peter James Andrea Greek: \u03a0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1, 27 February 1973) is an English-born Cypriot-Australian singer, songwriter, businessman, and television personality.\nHe gained popularity as a singer, best known for his singles \"Mysterious Girl\" and \"Flava\". He is also known for appearing on the third series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, and the thirteenth series of Strictly Come Dancing, in which he was partnered with Janette Manrara.\nDuring his time on I'm A Celebrity, Andre developed an on-screen romantic relationship with fellow contestant Katie Price. Andre and Price were married two years after the show's finale; they had two children, and released the 2006 album A Whole New World together, before divorcing in 2009.\nIn 2009, Andre released the album Revelation with the single \"Behind Closed Doors\", which reached No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart. He followed it up with his seventh studio album Accelerate in 2010.", "Q185124": "L\u00e9on Moutrier was a Luxembourgish politician and diplomat. A member of Luxembourg's Chamber of Deputies for the Liberal League, he served as the Director-General for the Interior and Public Information from 24 February 1916 until 3 January 1917, and for Justice and Public Information from that date until 28 September 1918.", "Q74133": "Barbara Lochbihler (born 20 May 1959, Oberg\u00fcnzburg) is a German politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 until 2019. She is a member of the Alliance 90/The Greens, part of the European Green Party.", "Q476529": "Winchester Cathedral is a cathedral of the Church of England in Winchester, Hampshire, England. It is one of the largest cathedrals in Europe, with the greatest overall length of any Gothic cathedral.Dedicated to the Holy Trinity, Saint Peter, Saint Paul, and before the Reformation, Saint Swithun, it is the seat of the Bishop of Winchester and centre of the Diocese of Winchester. The cathedral is a Grade I listed building.", "Q264376": "A piano accordion is an accordion equipped with a right-hand keyboard similar to a piano or organ. Its acoustic mechanism is more that of an organ than a piano, as they are both wind instruments, but the term \"piano accordion\"\u2014coined by Guido Deiro in 1910\u2014has remained the popular name. It may be equipped with any of the available systems for the left-hand manual.\nIn comparison with a piano keyboard, the keys are more rounded, smaller, and lighter to the touch. These go vertically down the side, pointing inward, toward the bellows, making them accessible to only one hand while handling the accordion.The bass piano accordion is a variation of a piano accordion without bass buttons and with the piano keyboard in an octave lower. They typically have around 3 octaves.", "Q91801": "Karin Wolff (born 23 February 1959 in Darmstadt) is a German politician and vice-president of Hesse.\nWolff studied history, evangelical theology and philosophy at Johannes-Gutenberg-Universit\u00e4t Mainz and Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg. She finished university and worked as a teacher in Darmstadt.\nIn 1976 Wolff became a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union. In 1995 she became a member of parliament in Hesse and became minister in Hesse on 7 April 1999.\nWolff has written two books on children and education. She lives in Darmstadt in an openly lesbian relationship.", "Q674392": "T\u00eate Blanche (lit. White Head, from French) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps on the Swiss-Italian border. Its summit (3,710 metres) is the tripoint between the valleys of H\u00e9rens, Mattertal (both in Valais) and Valpelline (in the Aosta Valley).\nT\u00eate Blanche is generally the high point of the Haute route between Chamonix and Zermatt and the annually race Patrouille des Glaciers. T\u00eate Blanche lies within a few kilometres of the Matterhorn and Dent d'H\u00e9rens on the east.", "Q719630": "Joseph Farwell Glidden (January 18, 1813 \u2013 October 9, 1906) was an American businessman. He was the inventor of the modern barbed wire.\n\n", "Q113620": "Walter Boveri (born 21 February 1865 in Bamberg, Bavaria, died 28 October 1924 in Baden, Switzerland) was a Swiss-German industrialist and co-founder of the global electrical engineering group Brown, Boveri & Cie. (BBC).", "Q270303": "Alaina Marie Beaton (born October 1, 1985), known professionally as Porcelain Black, is an American pop singer-songwriter, rapper, and model. At age eighteen, she embarked on her music career as a solo act under the name Porcelain and the Tramps with Virgin Records. However, Black and Virgin could not agree on the music she would record. The music she recorded was posted to her Myspace account, \"rockcitynosebleed\", where she gained millions of hits. After three years of trying to get out of the contract, she signed with RedOne's Universal Republic imprint, 2101 Records, late in 2009 and began working on her debut album. After many internal problems between the artist and record producer, RedOne, Porcelain Black announced the partnership had come to an end, with anticipation of releasing her debut album in the vein of her Porcelain and the Tramps project in 2015.\nShe has appeared in multiple music videos, including Jack White's \"Freedom at 21\" and Travie McCoy's \"We'll Be Alright\". As a songwriter, she is credited on songs performed by One Direction, Orianthi, The Used and Mexican pop singer Belinda, among others. As a solo act, she has released three singles, \"This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like\", \"Naughty Naughty\", and \"One Woman Army\", the first featuring guest vocals from Lil Wayne. The first two songs charted on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart. \"One Woman Army\" was a top-forty hit in France, Spain, and Wallonia, outselling all of her previous singles in France and becoming her first number-one hit on that country's iTunes chart.\nAfter the release of her first single, Lil Wayne invited her on the second half of his I Am Music Tour as an opening act. She made her first televised appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman, performing \"This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like\". Musically, she fuses industrial themes with pop music conventions such as electronic synths and a heavy reliance upon hooks. She is best known for her guttural vocals and two-toned hair. She considers her music the \"love child\" of Marilyn Manson and Britney Spears. Vocally compared to Courtney Love, Porcelain Black was approached to record backing vocals for Love's 2008 album.\n\n", "Q229276": "Maureen O'Hara (born Maureen FitzSimons; 17 August 1920 \u2013 24 October 2015) was an American and Irish actress and singer. She was a famous redhead who was known for playing fiercely passionate, but sensible heroines, often in westerns and adventure films. On numerous occasions, she worked with director John Ford and longtime friend John Wayne. O'Hara was one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood.\nO'Hara grew up in Dublin in a Catholic family and aspired to become an actress from a very young age. She trained with the Rathmines Theatre Company from the age of 10 and at the Abbey Theatre from the age of 14. She was given a screen test, which was deemed unsatisfactory, but Charles Laughton saw potential and arranged for her to co-star with him in Alfred Hitchcock's Jamaica Inn in 1939. She moved to Hollywood the same year to appear with him in the production of The Hunchback of Notre Dame, and was given a contract by RKO Pictures. From there, she went on to enjoy a long and highly successful career, and acquired the nickname \"The Queen of Technicolor\".\nShe appeared in films such as How Green Was My Valley (1941) (her first collaboration with John Ford), The Black Swan with Tyrone Power (1942), The Spanish Main (1945), Sinbad the Sailor (1947), the Christmas classic Miracle on 34th Street (1947) with John Payne and Natalie Wood, and Comanche Territory (1950).\nO'Hara made her first film with John Wayne, the actor with whom she is most closely associated, in Rio Grande (1950). This was followed by The Quiet Man (1952), The Wings of Eagles (1957), McLintock! (1963) and Big Jake (1971). Such was her strong chemistry with Wayne that many assumed they were married or in a relationship.\nIn the 1960s O'Hara increasingly turned to more motherly roles as she aged, appearing in films such as The Deadly Companions (1961), The Parent Trap (1961) and The Rare Breed (1966). She retired from the industry in 1971 but returned 20 years later to appear with John Candy in Only the Lonely (1991).\nIn the late 1970s, O'Hara helped run her third husband Charles F. Blair, Jr.'s flying business in Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands, and edited a magazine, but later sold them to spend more time in Glengarriff in Ireland. She was married three times, and had one daughter, Bronwyn with her second husband. Her autobiography, 'Tis Herself, was published in 2004 and became a New York Times Bestseller. In November 2014, she was presented with an Honorary Academy Award with the inscription \"To Maureen O'Hara, one of Hollywood's brightest stars, whose inspiring performances glowed with passion, warmth and strength\".", "Q313854": "Eric Singer (born Eric Doyle Mensinger; May 12, 1958) is an American hard rock and heavy metal drummer, best known as a member of Kiss, portraying The Catman originally played by Peter Criss. He has also performed with artists such as Black Sabbath, Alice Cooper, Lita Ford, Badlands, Brian May and Gary Moore as well as his own band ESP. In his career, Singer has appeared on over 75 albums and 11 EPs.", "Q67629": "Feridun Zaimo\u011flu (born 4 December 1964 in Bolu) is a Turkish author and visual artist.\nSince 1995 Zaimo\u011flu has become one of the important poets of contemporary German language. His central themes are the problems of the second and third generation of Turkish immigrants to Germany.", "Q527772": "Andy Starr (born \"Franklin Delano Gulledge\"; October 21, 1932 \u2013 September 12, 2003) was a rockabilly musician once described by Billboard as \"one of the more noteworthy Presley disciples.\" However poor song selection and other difficulties made him never chart. \"Andy Starr\" recorded on Holiday Inn Records as Frank Starr. He spent time performing in Alaska as Frank Starr, did Gospel music, and also ran as a long-shot candidate in the 1996 United States presidential election.", "Q276772": "Dredd is a 2012 science fiction action film directed by Pete Travis and written and produced by Alex Garland. It is based on the 2000 AD comic strip Judge Dredd and its eponymous character created by John Wagner and Carlos Ezquerra. Karl Urban stars as Judge Dredd, a law enforcer given the power of judge, jury and executioner in a vast, dystopic metropolis called Mega-City One that lies in a post-apocalyptic wasteland. Dredd and his apprentice partner, Judge Anderson (Olivia Thirlby), are forced to bring order to a 200-storey high-rise block of flats and deal with its resident drug lord, Ma-Ma (Lena Headey).\nGarland began writing the script in 2006, although the development of a new Judge Dredd film adaptation, unrelated to the 1995 film Judge Dredd, was not announced until December 2008. Produced by British studio DNA Films, Dredd began principal photography, using 3D cameras throughout, in November 2010. Filming took place on practical sets and locations in Cape Town and Johannesburg.\nDredd was released on 7 September 2012 in the United Kingdom and on 21 September worldwide. Critics were generally positive about the film's visual effects, casting and action, while criticism focused on excessive violence as well as a perceived lack of the satirical elements that are found in the source comic. Despite the positive critical response, the film earned just over $41 million at the box office on an estimated budget of $30\u201345 million. Dredd saw greater success following its home release, and has since been recognised as a cult film. The theatrical gross made a sequel unlikely, but home media sales and fan efforts endorsed by 2000 AD's publisher Rebellion Developments have maintained the possibility of a second film.", "Q3337352": "Nawrahta Minye (Burmese: \u1014\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u1011\u102c \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1032, pronounced [n\u0254\u0300j\u0259t\u02b0\u00e0 m\u026a\u0301\u0274 j\u025b\u0301]; also Anawrahta II of Sagaing) was king of Sagaing for seven months in 1349. He reversed his predecessor Kyaswa's policy of peace with Sagaing's cross-river rival Pinya although no war broke out. He was succeeded by his younger brother Tarabya II.", "Q66537": "Itingen is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q442854": "Elizabeth Lee Wurtzel (July 31, 1967 \u2013 January 7, 2020) was an American writer and journalist, known for the confessional memoir Prozac Nation, which she published at the age of 27. Her work often focused on chronicling her personal struggles with depression, addiction, career, and relationships. Wurtzel's work drove a boom in confessional writing and the personal memoir genre during the 1990s, and she was viewed as a voice of Generation X. In later life, Wurtzel worked briefly as an attorney before her death from breast cancer.", "Q266561": "Louis Fran\u00e7ois Ren\u00e9 Panhard (27 May 1841 \u2013 16 July 1908) was a French engineer, merchant and a pioneer of the automobile industry in France.\nBorn in Paris, he studied engineering at the Coll\u00e8ge Sainte-Barbe and then graduated from \u00c9cole Centrale Paris in 1864. He was then employed by Jean-Louis P\u00e9rin in a firm that produced wood-working machines. It was there that Panhard met \u00c9mile Levassor. In 1878, he was named Chevalier of the Legion of Honour.\nIn 1889 after the death of Jean-Louis Perin, Panhard partnered with Levassor and Edouard Sarazin to enlarge Avenue d'Ivry in the 13th arrondissement of Paris, develop the French engine manufacturing licenses for Gottlieb Daimler internal combustion engine and found the Panhard & Levassor car company. The company produced its first automobile in 1890.\nIn 1891, Panhard and Levassor designed and produced the first Daimler car engine, the twin V. Panhard also participated in and won many automobile races including the Paris-Rouen, 1894, the first major motor race in the world, Paris-Bordeaux-Paris in 1895 and the Tour de France Automobile of 1899. Panhard cars dominated racing everywhere until 1900.\nIn 1897, Levassor died as the result of a racing accident. Panhard then joined with his son, Hippolytus, to continue with developing and producing automobiles including, by 1900, a wide range of luxury cars.\nIn 1904, Panhard won a grand prize at the St. Louis Exposition.\nPanhard was also a mayor of Thiais in the d\u00e9partement Val-de-Marne. In Paris, a street in the 13th arrondissement is named after him.\nRen\u00e9 Panhard died in 1908 in La Bourboule and was buried in the P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.", "Q61258": "Henry III, called Henry the Illustrious (Heinrich der Erlauchte) (c. 1215 \u2013 15 February 1288) from the House of Wettin was Margrave of Meissen and last Margrave of Lusatia (as Henry IV) from 1221 until his death; from 1242 also Landgrave of Thuringia.", "Q292386": "Felicia Lily Dobson (born February 28, 1985) is a Canadian singer and songwriter. Born in Toronto, Ontario, she began performing as a teenager, during which time she received and refused an offer from Jive Records for a recording contract. Dobson signed with Island/Def Jam soon after and released her self-titled debut album (2003), which saw the success of the singles \"Bye Bye Boyfriend\" and \"Don't Go (Girls and Boys)\" on the Canadian Hot 100 chart and for which she received two Juno Award nominations.\nDobson's second studio album Sunday Love was originally scheduled for release in 2005, but after complications during production, its mainstream release was cancelled and she left her record label due to creative differences (the album was released independently in 2006 and later made available for digital download in 2012). She was re-signed to Island Records during production of her third studio album Joy (2010), whose singles \"Ghost\" and \"Stuttering\" saw continued success on the Canadian Hot 100. Dobson's music has been covered by other artists and featured in films, television, and more.", "Q216092": "Louise Michel (French pronunciation: [lwiz mi\u0283\u025bl] (listen); 29 May 1830 \u2013 9 January 1905) was a teacher and important figure in the Paris Commune. Following her penal transportation she embraced anarchism. When returning to France she emerged as an important French anarchist and went on speaking tours across Europe. The journalist Brian Doherty has called her the \"French grande dame of anarchy.\"", "Q4295": "Peter Abelard (; Latin: Petrus Abaelardus or Abailardus; French: Pierre Ab\u00e9lard, pronounced [a.be.la\u02d0\u0281]; c.\u20091079 \u2013 21 April 1142) was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, theologian, and preeminent logician. His love for, and affair with, H\u00e9lo\u00efse d'Argenteuil has become legendary. The Chambers Biographical Dictionary describes him as \"the keenest thinker and boldest theologian of the 12th century\".", "Q70341": "Blitzingen is a former municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Blitzingen, Grafschaft, M\u00fcnster-Geschinen, Niederwald and Reckingen-Gluringen merged into the municipality of Goms.", "Q2661974": "Ol\u0161any Cemeteries (Ol\u0161ansk\u00e9 h\u0159bitovy in Czech, Wolschan in German) is the largest graveyard in Prague, Czech Republic, once laid out for as many as two million burials. The graveyard is particularly noted for its many remarkable art nouveau monuments.", "Q69610": "Leysin is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in the Aigle district of Switzerland. It is first mentioned around 1231\u201332 as Leissins, in 1352 as Leisins.Located in the Vaud Alps, Leysin is a sunny alpine resort village at the eastern end of Lake Geneva in proximity to Montreux, Lausanne, and Geneva. In earlier years, Leysin was known for its TB sanatorias; today it is most famous for spectacular Alpine views across the Rh\u00f4ne Valley towards the Dents du Midi and year-round mountain sports and recreational facilities.\nThe village of Leysin and hamlet of Veyges are a designated part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.", "Q708729": "George Burdi, also known as George Eric Hawthorne (born 1970), is a Canadian musician and white supremacist who became known for his role in white nationalist organizations. He led the Canadian branch of the World Church of the Creator, which formed an alliance with the now-defunct white nationalist organization Heritage Front. In addition, Burdi performed with the white power band RaHoWa.Burdi was convicted of assault causing bodily harm, and was sentenced to one year in prison. Upon his release from prison, Burdi claimed to have renounced racism, but years later revealed that he actually was and still is a racist.", "Q66523": "F\u00fcllinsdorf is a municipality in the district of Liestal in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q4594605": "The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judicial and executive powers. In other parts of the world, such as China, a magistrate was responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, in some jurisdictions, a magistrate is a judicial officer who hears cases in a lower court, and typically deals with more minor or preliminary matters. In other jurisdictions (e.g., England and Wales), magistrates may be volunteers without formal legal training who perform a judicial role with regard to minor matters.", "Q535362": "Susan Arnold (born 1954) is an American businesswoman.", "Q73890": "Charles-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, comte Reinhard (born Karl Friedrich Reinhard; 2 October 1761 \u2013 25 December 1837) was a W\u00fcrttembergian-born French diplomat, essayist, and politician who briefly served as the Consulate's Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1799. A Girondist during the early stages of the French Revolution, he was dispatched to several countries before and after his ministerial mandate. In 1806\u20131807, he was appointed Consul and Resident to Moldavia, and subsequently arrested by the Russian Empire for one year. Reinhard was promoted under the Bourbon Restoration governments, which he represented to the German Confederation, and continued his political career under the July Monarchy.", "Q366207": "Jiles Perry \"J. P.\" Richardson Jr. (October 24, 1930 \u2013 February 3, 1959), known as The Big Bopper, was an American musician, singer, songwriter, and disc jockey. His best known compositions include \"Chantilly Lace\" and \"White Lightning\", the latter of which became George Jones' first number-one hit in 1959. Richardson was killed in a plane crash in Clear Lake, Iowa in 1959, along with fellow musicians Buddy Holly and Ritchie Valens, and the pilot Roger Peterson. The accident was famously referred to as \"The Day the Music Died\" in Don McLean's 1971 song \"American Pie\".", "Q3261672": "Louis Jean Victor S\u00e9v\u00e8re Decazes de Gl\u00fccksbierg, 4th Duc Decazes and 4th Hertig af Gl\u00fccksbierg (February 24, 1889 \u2013 June 2, 1941), was a French businessman and Thoroughbred racehorse owner and breeder.", "Q34503": "Mehmed II (Ottoman Turkish: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649\u200e, romanized: Me\u1e25med-i s\u0101n\u012b; Modern Turkish: II. Mehmet, pronounced [icin\u02c8d\u0292i \u02c8mehmet]; 30 March 1432 \u2013 3 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (Turkish: Fatih Sultan Mehmet), was an Ottoman Sultan who ruled from August 1444 to September 1446, and then later from February 1451 to May 1481. In Mehmed II's first reign, he defeated the crusade led by John Hunyadi after the Hungarian incursions into his country broke the conditions of the truce Peace of Szeged. When Mehmed II ascended the throne again in 1451 he strengthened the Ottoman navy and made preparations to attack Constantinople.\nAt the age of 21, he conquered Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire. After the conquest Mehmed claimed the title \"Caesar\" of the Roman Empire (Qayser-i R\u00fbm), based on the fact that Constantinople had been the seat and capital of the surviving Eastern Roman Empire since its consecration in 330 AD by Emperor Constantine I. The claim was only recognized by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Nonetheless, Mehmed II viewed the Ottoman state as a continuation of the Roman Empire for the remainder of his life, seeing himself as \"continuing\" the Empire rather than \"replacing\" it. This assertion was eventually abandoned by his successors. \nMehmed continued his conquests in Anatolia with its reunification and in Southeast Europe as far west as Bosnia. At home he made many political and social reforms, encouraged the arts and sciences, and by the end of his reign, his rebuilding program had changed the city into a thriving imperial capital. He is considered a hero in modern-day Turkey and parts of the wider Muslim world. Among other things, Istanbul's Fatih district, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge and Fatih Mosque are named after him.", "Q126857": "Milka Loff Fernandes (born 19 June 1980 in Hamburg) is a German TV presenter and actress of Cape Verdean descent.\nFernandes was, from 1999 until 2004, VJ for the television channel Viva and in 2002 recorded the song Girl for a day with Band Ohne Namen, reaching Number 16 in the German music charts.Fernandes has also played roles in the television crime series Tatort, Rosa Roth and the short film Traum(a). Her parents come from the Cape Verde islands and she is a practising Buddhist, now living in D\u00fcsseldorf. She has also appeared twice in the German celebrity version of Come Dine With Me.\n\n", "Q64334": "Berikon is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.\nThe village lies on a hill above and to the east of the Reuss Valley, covering part of the Mutschellen Pass. This municipality is bounded by Rudolfstetten-Friedlisberg, Widen, Zufikon, and Oberwil-Lieli, all in canton Aargau, and shares a boundary with the canton of Zurich (district of Dietikon) to the east.", "Q160802": "Marcel Dassault (born Marcel Bloch; 22 January 1892 \u2013 17 April 1986) was a French industrialist who spent his career in aircraft manufacturing.\n\n", "Q941718": "Clemente Soto V\u00e9lez (1905 \u2013 April 15, 1993) was a Puerto Rican nationalist, poet, journalist and activist who mentored many generations of artists in Puerto Rico and New York City. Upon his death in 1993, he left a rich legacy that contributed to the cultural, social and economic life of Puerto Ricans in New York and Latinos everywhere.", "Q91815": "Emil Kirdorf (8 April 1847 \u2013 13 July 1938) was a German industrialist, one of the first important employers in the Ruhr industrial sectors. He was personally awarded by Adolf Hitler the Order of the German Eagle, Nazi Germany's highest distinctions, on his 90th birthday in 1937, for his support to the Nazi Party in the late 1920s.", "Q264362": "Hobart \"Hobie\" Alter (October 31, 1933 \u2013 March 29, 2014) was a surf and sailing entrepreneur and pioneer, creator of the Hobie Cat catamarans, and founder of the Hobie company.", "Q273178": "Sarah Margaret Hagan (born May 24, 1984) is an American television and film actress.", "Q3270019": "Carl Edvard Johansson (1864\u20131943) was a Swedish inventor and scientist.\nJohansson invented the gauge block set, also known as \"Jo Blocks\" (\"Johansson gauge blocks\"). He was granted his first Swedish patent on 2 May 1901, Swedish patent No. 17017 called \"Gauge Block Sets for Precision Measurement\". He formed the Swedish company CE Johansson AB (CEJ AB), Eskilstuna, Sweden in 1911. The first CEJ gauge block set in America was sold to Henry M. Leland at Cadillac Automobile Co. around 1908.\n\nThere are only two people I take off my hat to. One is the president of the United States and the other is Mr. Johansson from Sweden.\nAt the end of his career, in 1923, Johansson started to work for Henry Ford at the Ford Motor Company, in Dearborn, Michigan. Ford bought the entire American company, CE Johansson Inc., that he had established 1918 in Poughkeepsie, New York and all the equipment was moved to Dearborn. Some of his Swedish employees that worked in Poughkeepsie were also employed by Ford. At the age of 72, he decided to retire and went back to Sweden. During his life he had crossed the Atlantic Ocean 22 times and spent a lot of time in America.\nHe received a number of awards and honors, including the large gold medal of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, posthumously in 1943, shortly after his death.", "Q1047060": "Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) is a private research university in Cleveland, Ohio. It was created in 1967 through the federation of two longstanding contiguous institutions: Western Reserve University, founded in 1826 and named for its location in the Connecticut Western Reserve, and Case Institute of Technology, founded in 1880 through the endowment of Leonard Case, Jr. Time magazine described the merger as the creation of \"Cleveland's Big-Leaguer\" university.Seventeen Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Case Western Reserve or one of its two predecessors. In U.S. News & World Report's 2020 rankings, Case Western Reserve was ranked as tied for 40th among national universities and 155th among global universities. The 2020 edition of The Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education (WSJ/THE) rankings ranked Case Western Reserve as 52nd among US colleges and universities.The campus is approximately 5 miles (8 km) east of Downtown Cleveland in the neighborhood known as University Circle, an area encompassing 550 acres (220 ha) containing a concentration of educational, medical, and cultural institutions. Case Western Reserve has a number of programs taught in conjunction with University Circle institutions, including the Cleveland Clinic, the University Hospitals of Cleveland, the Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland Institute of Music, the Cleveland Hearing & Speech Center, the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Cleveland Institute of Art, the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, and the Cleveland Play House. Severance Hall, home of the Cleveland Orchestra, is on the Case Western Reserve campus.\nCase Western Reserve includes the medical school, business school, dental school, law school, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing (named for former U.S. Representative Frances P. Bolton), Department of Biomedical Engineering and its biomedical teaching and research capabilities. Case Western Reserve is a member of the Association of American Universities. Case is noted (among other fields) for research in electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering.\nThe Michelson\u2013Morley interferometer experiment was conducted in 1887 in the basement of a campus dormitory by Albert A. Michelson of Case School of Applied Science and Edward W. Morley of Western Reserve University. This experiment proved the non-existence of the luminiferous ether and was later understood as evidence in support of special relativity as proposed by Albert Einstein in 1905. Michelson became the first American to win a Nobel Prize in science. The commemorative Michelson-Morley Memorial Fountain as well as an Ohio Historical Marker are located on campus, near where the actual experiment was performed.", "Q627906": "Electro house is a music genre characterized by heavy bass and a tempo around 130 beats per minute. Its origins were influenced by tech house and electro. The term has been used to describe the music of many DJ Mag Top 100 DJs, including Benny Benassi, Daft Punk, Skrillex, and Steve Aoki.", "Q316086": "Vasily Makarovich Shukshin (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u043a\u0448\u0438\u043d; 25 July 1929 \u2013 2 October 1974) was a Soviet Russian writer, actor, screenwriter and film director from the Altay region who specialized in rural themes.", "Q553959": "Nikolai Sergeyevich Zverev (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0435\u0432, sometimes transliterated Nikolai Zveref; 1832 \u2013 12 October [O.S. 30 September] 1893) was a Russian pianist and teacher known for his pupils Alexander Siloti, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Alexander Scriabin, Konstantin Igumnov, Alexander Goldenweiser, and others.", "Q232642": "Jamie Jilynn Chung (born April 10, 1983) is an American actress, and former reality television personality. She first gained fame in 2004 as a cast member on the MTV reality series The Real World: San Diego (TRW:SD) and subsequently through her appearances on its spin-off show, Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Inferno II. She is regarded by many as the Real World alumna with the most successful media career.She later transitioned into acting and has since become known for films such as Dragonball Evolution, Grown Ups, Premium Rush, Sorority Row, The Hangover Part II, Sucker Punch, and Big Hero 6 and having been the series lead of the ABC Family television miniseries Samurai Girl. Chung received critical acclaim for her lead performance in the independent drama film Eden. In 2017, she was cast as the teleporting mutant Clarice Fong/Blink in the superhero drama series The Gifted on Fox.\nSince 2012, Chung has appeared in the recurring role of Mulan in the ABC fantasy television series Once Upon a Time.", "Q646334": "Lubyanka (Russian: \u041b\u0443\u0431\u044f\u0301\u043d\u043a\u0430, IPA: [l\u028a\u02c8b\u02b2ank\u0259]) is the popular name for the headquarters of the FSB and affiliated prison on Lubyanka Square in Meshchansky District of Moscow, Russia. It is a large Neo-Baroque building with a facade of yellow brick designed by Alexander V. Ivanov in 1897 and augmented by Aleksey Shchusev from 1940 to 1947. It was previously the national headquarters of the KGB; Soviet hammers and sickles can still be seen on the building's fa\u00e7ade.", "Q890343": "The 10th Kingdom is an American fairytale fantasy miniseries written by Simon Moore and produced by Britain's Carnival Films, Germany's Babelsberg Film und Fernsehen, and the US's Hallmark Entertainment. It depicts the adventures of a young woman and her father after they are transported from New York City, through a magical mirror into a parallel world of fairy tales.\nThe miniseries was initially broadcast over five nights in two-hour episodes on NBC, beginning February 27, 2000. It won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Main Title Design in 2000. The premiere had over 14.04 million viewers.", "Q111745": "Rut Rex-Vieh\u00f6ver is a German actor and musician.", "Q359791": "Charles Jeremy \"Chaz\" Jankel (born 16 April 1952), better known as Chaz Jankel, is an English singer, songwriter, arranger, composer, multi-instrumentalist and record producer.\nIn a music career spanning more than 40 years, Jankel came to prominence in the late 1970s as the guitarist and keyboardist of the rock band Ian Dury and the Blockheads. With Dury, Jankel co-wrote some of the band's best-known songs including \"Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll\", \"Hit Me with Your Rhythm Stick\" and \"Reasons to Be Cheerful, Part 3\".\nIn addition to his work with the Blockheads, Jankel has had a solo career which has resulted in nine studio albums. He has a long list of credits as both a performer and as songwriter.", "Q463130": "Giovanni \"Gianni\" Alemanno (born 3 March 1958) is an Italian politician who from April 2008 until June 2013 was Mayor of Rome for the centre-right People of Freedom.\nHe has been the Secretary of the National Movement for Sovereignty from 2017 to 2019.\n\n", "Q1264615": "Jonathan Bepler is an American composer of experimental music perhaps best known for his collaborative work with artists and choreographers, including many years of work with visual artist Matthew Barney. He is also multi-instrumentalist, singer, installation artist, and teacher.", "Q902153": "Hippolyte-Victor Collet-Descotils (November 21, 1773 in Caen \u2013 December 6, 1815 in Paris) was a French chemist. He studied in the \u00c9cole des Mines de Paris, and was a student and friend of Louis Nicolas Vauquelin.\nHe is best known for confirming the discovery of chromium by Vauquelin, and for independently discovering iridium in 1803.In 1806, Collet-Descotils misidentified erythronium, a new element discovered in Mexico by Andr\u00e9s Manuel del R\u00edo, thinking that it was chromium. This resulted in Alexander von Humboldt rejecting Del R\u00edo's discovery. The same element was rediscovered thirty years later in Sweden and renamed as vanadium.\nIn 1815, a few months before his death, he got the position of director of \u00c9cole des Mines de Paris, in charge of transferring the school to a new building. He is buried in the 10th Division of the P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery of Paris.", "Q76056": "Wilhelm August Julius Albert (24 January 1787 \u2013 4 July 1846) was a German mining administrator, best remembered as the first person to record observations of metal fatigue.\nAlbert was born in Hanover and showed early talent as a musician before embarking on the study of law in G\u00f6ttingen in 1803. Experience in the Harz mountains awakened an interest in mining and, in 1806, he was appointed to the Mining and Forestry Office in Clausthal. By 1836 he was directing the entire mining industry of the Harz region.\nIn 1829, he observed, studied and reported the failure of iron mine hoist chains arising from repeated small loadings, the first recorded account of metal fatigue. He built a machine which repeatedly loaded a chain. His finding was that fatigue was not associated with an accidental overload, but was dependent on load and the number of repetitions of load cycles. He invented a twisted steel cable, later known as an \"Albert Rope\", which was first used in the Clausthal Caroline mine in 1834 and was the forerunner of the modern wire rope. He died in Clausthal.", "Q1439985": "4 Star Records was a record label that recorded many well-known country music acts in the 1950s. The label, founded after World War II, was home to singers such as Hank Locklin, Maddox Brothers and Rose, Rose Maddox, Webb Pierce, Cousin Ford Lewis and T. Texas Tyler, who all regularly issued records on the label, mostly as 78rpm singles.", "Q39999": "Mallrats is a 1995 American romantic buddy comedy film written and directed by Kevin Smith and starring Jason Lee, Jeremy London, Shannen Doherty, Claire Forlani, Ben Affleck, Jason Mewes, Joey Lauren Adams, Michael Rooker, and Smith himself. It is the second film in the View Askewniverse after 1994's Clerks, although, chronologically, Mallrats takes place a day before.\nAs in the other Askewniverse films, the characters Jay and Silent Bob feature prominently, and characters and events from other films are discussed. Several cast members, including Jason Lee, Ben Affleck and Joey Lauren Adams, have gone on to work in several other Smith films. Comic-book icon Stan Lee appeared, as did Brian O'Halloran, the star of Smith's breakout feature Clerks.\nDespite failing at the box office and receiving a lukewarm critical reception, Mallrats has since become a cult classic. Plans for a sequel film titled MallBrats were announced in March 2015. By the following year, the project had morphed into a proposed television miniseries, but by February 2017, Smith announced that he had not been able to sell the series to any network. In January 2020, Smith revealed that development on a sequel film has started again, this time under the title Twilight of the Mallrats.\n\n", "Q153576": "Linh Nga ( LIN NAH; born 3 January 1982), is an American-Vietnamese film director, film producer, actress, and screenwriter. Linh Nga's 2019 documentary \"Inside this peace\" won \"Award Of Merit\" at the Impact DOCS Awards, won \"Best Feature Documentary\" at the California Women's Film Festival, and nominated for \"Best Feature Documentary\" at the Action On Film International Film Festival. Her 2003 film \"Xuoi nguoc duong tran\" won \"TV Best Series\" at the Vietnamese International Film Festival. She is the founder of 9669 films.\n\n", "Q912340": "Grazhdanskaya Oborona (Russian: \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430, [\u0261r\u0250\u0290\u02c8dansk\u0259j\u0259 \u0250b\u0250\u02c8ron\u0259]), Russian for Civil Defense, or \u0413\u041e, often referred to as \u0413\u0440\u041e\u0431, Russian for coffin) were a Soviet and Russian rock band formed by Yegor Letov and Konstantin Ryabinov in Omsk, USSR, in 1984. They were one of the earliest Soviet and Russian psychedelic/punk rock bands. They influenced many Soviet and, subsequently, Russian bands. From the early 1990s, the band's music began to evolve in the direction of psychedelic rock and shoegaze, and band leader Yegor Letov's lyrics became more metaphysical than political.", "Q954315": "Sargon Boulus (Syriac: \u0723\u072a\u0713\u0722 \u0726\u0718\u0720\u0718\u0728\u200e, Arabic: \u0633\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0635\u200e, 1944 \u2013 October 22, 2007) was an Iraqi-Assyrian poet and short story writer.\nHe was born in Habbaniyah, Iraq. In 1967, he immigrated to Beirut, where he worked as a journalist and a translator. He later emigrated to the United States, and from 1968 lived in San Francisco. He studied comparative literature at the University of California at Berkeley, and sculpture at Skyline College. An avant-garde and thoroughly modern writer, his poetry has been published in major Arab magazines and has translated W. S. Merwin, Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, Michael McClure, and others.Sargon was born to an Assyrian family in the British-built 7-mile enclave of Habbaniya, which was a self-contained civilian village with its own power station on the edge of a shallow lake 57 miles west of Baghdad, Iraq. From 1935 to 1960, Habbaniya was the site of the RAF (Royal Air Force) and most of the Assyrians were employed by the British, hence the English language fluency by most Habbaniya Assyrians. Sargon's father worked for the British, as the rest of the men in the village, and the place of Sargon's first cherished memories. On rare occasions Sargon would accompany his father to work and he would be fascinated with the English women in their aristocratic homes, \"having their tea, seemingly almost half-naked among their flowers and well-kept lawns\" (Sargon, page 16) 1. This image was in such contrast to the mud huts where the Assyrians lived and different from the females he was surrounded by who were dressed in black most of the time. Sargon recalls, \"I've even written about this somewhere, some lines in a poem. Of course I wasn't aware at the time that they were occupying the country, I was too young\"2.\nIn 1956, Sargon's family moved to the multi-ethnic large city of Kirkuk, his first experience with displacement. Among the Arabs, Kurds, Armenians, Turkmon and Assyrians, Sargon was able to communicate in the two languages spoken at home, Assyrian and Arabic. His poetry resonates with the influence of this period in his life, embracing the Iraqi cultural multiplicity.\nSargon found his talent for words at an early age and Kirkuk's rich diverse community inspired his work. He was an avid reader but never great at academics. Sargon had access to western literature due to another British presence in Iraq, The British Iraqi Petroleum Company (IPC). Again every Assyrian household had at least one family member working at IPC. In addition to Arabic and East European literature, he read James Joyce, Henry Miller, Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and Sherwood Anderson. Franz Kafka, Czeslav Milosz and all the Beat writers were some of his favorites and poetry was the guiding light.\nSargon started publishing poems and short stories as a teenager in various Iraqi journals and magazines, and started to translate American and British poetry into Arabic. As he became recognized among his peers, he eventually sent his poetry to Beirut where they were published in the prominent publication Shi`r (Poem, in Arabic). Through many tribulations, Sargon traveled by land and mostly by foot from Baghdad to Beirut where he met his lifelong colleagues and fellow poets. From there he was clever enough to talk the American ambassador into allowing him entry to the USA where he made San Francisco his base for almost four decades. He lived a quiet life of an artist, writing poetry and sometimes painting. Although he was not recognized as a painter, he did manage to create a significant body of work with oil paintings and collages. In fact his paintings have never been made public.\nThe combination of a rich Assyrian-Iraqi heritage and exposure to a variety of literary classics enabled Sargon to develop a unique poetic style and a worldview that was uncommon in the 1960s Iraqi poet community. Over time his style emerged to a tepid reception in part due to his departure from the traditional structure of his contemporaries. While free verse poetry had been in use for hundreds of years, it was considered to be modern and unconventional. Sargon Boulus was very aware of his gift for writing and consequently he did not want to be branded as an ethnic or political writer, rather a humanist \"mining the hidden areas of what has been lived through\" (Boulus, page 15) 1. Poets continue the work of past poets and Sargon considered himself part of that chain of privileged messengers of words. His inspiration emanates from the work of poets spanning from ninth century Abu Tammam to Wordsworth, Yeats, W. C. Williams and Henry Miller just to name a few. Memories nurtured his themes, particularly childhood impressions. \"What guides my steps / to that pool hidden / in the country / of childhood\" (Boulus, page 70) 1. He believed that people's pasts are permanently engraved in their memory waiting to be rediscovered again at some point in time. With aspirations for expressive freedom Sargon veered away from political and nationalistic discourse. He desired to express the truth about all human struggles without the influence of racist and religious tension. Sargon was a Universalist. The dictionary defines Universalist as: a person advocating loyalty to and concern for others without regard to national or other allegiances. \n\n \"Open your hands. Auction off your heart. And hear the story.\"\n (Boulus, Who Knows The Story, page 50) 1\n\nSources\n1.\tText: Boulus, Sargon - Knife Sharpener; Selected Poems (2007)\n2.\tAugust 1997 Online Interview on Banipal, Magazine of Modern Arab Literature: http://www.banipal.co.uk/selections/15/167/sargon-boulus/#", "Q250979": "Jeffrey Linton Osborne (born March 9, 1948) is an American Grammy\u2013nominated singer\u2013songwriter, musician and lyricist. Osborne is the former drummer and lead singer of the American R&B/Soul group L.T.D.; with whom he began his musical career in 1970.", "Q372514": "RoboCop is a 1987 American action film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Edward Neumeier and Michael Miner. The film stars Peter Weller, Nancy Allen, Dan O'Herlihy, Kurtwood Smith, Miguel Ferrer, and Ronny Cox. Set in a crime-ridden Detroit, Michigan, in the near future, RoboCop centers on police officer Alex Murphy (Weller) who is murdered by a gang of criminals and subsequently revived by the megacorporation Omni Consumer Products as the superhuman cyborg law enforcer RoboCop.\nThemes that make up the basis of RoboCop include media influence, gentrification, corruption, authoritarianism, greed, privatization, capitalism, identity, dystopia and human nature. It received positive reviews and was cited as one of the best films of 1987, spawning a franchise that included merchandise, two sequels, a television series, a remake, two animated TV series, a television mini-series, video games, and a number of comic book adaptations/crossovers. In 2018 it was announced that a direct sequel to the original film titled RoboCop Returns was in the works and it would ignore the other sequels and remake, including the 1994 TV series and the TV mini-series. RoboCop was produced for a relatively modest $13 million. Honors for the film include five Saturn Awards, two BAFTA Award nominations and the Academy Award for Best Sound Effects Editing, along with nominations for Best Film Editing and Best Sound.\n\n", "Q230055": "Izabella Scorupco (born Izabela Dorota Skorupko; 4 June 1970) is a Polish-Swedish actress, singer, and model. She is perhaps best known for having played Bond girl Natalya Simonova in the 1995 James Bond film GoldenEye.\n\n", "Q124926": "Jakob Schaffner (14 November 1875 \u2013 23 September 1944) was a leading Swiss novelist who became a supporter of Nazism.", "Q3110033": "Haredevil Hare is a 1948 Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Chuck Jones. It stars Bugs Bunny and it is the debut for Marvin the Martian \u2014 although he is unnamed in this film \u2014 along with his Martian dog, K-9. All the voices are done by Mel Blanc. Marvin's nasal voice for this first film is different from the later one he is most known for, which was similar to one that Blanc used for the emcee in What's Cookin' Doc?, for just one line, where the emcee says, \"Shall we give it to him, folks?\"\nThe title is a play on \"daredevil\", although it has only a vague metaphorical connection to the plotline, as Bugs is a reluctant participant in the cartoon's acrobatics.", "Q57098": "Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler (German: [\u02c8\u0261\u0254tli\u02d0p \u02c8da\u026aml\u0250]; 17 March 1834 \u2013 6 March 1900) was an engineer, industrial designer and industrialist born in Schorndorf (Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg, a federal state of the German Confederation), in what is now Germany. He was a pioneer of internal-combustion engines and automobile development. He invented the high-speed liquid petroleum-fuelled engine.\nDaimler and his lifelong business partner Wilhelm Maybach were two inventors whose goal was to create small, high-speed engines to be mounted in any kind of locomotion device. In 1883 they designed a horizontal cylinder layout compressed charge liquid petroleum engine that fulfilled Daimler's desire for a high speed engine which could be throttled, making it useful in transportation applications. This engine was called Daimler's Dream.In 1885 they designed a vertical cylinder version of this engine which they subsequently fitted to a two-wheeler, the first internal combustion motorcycle which was named the Petroleum Reitwagen (Riding Car) and, in the next year, to a coach, and a boat. Daimler called this engine the grandfather clock engine (Standuhr) because of its resemblance to a large pendulum clock.\nIn 1890, they converted their partnership into a stock company Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG, in English\u2014Daimler Motors Corporation). They sold their first automobile in 1892. Daimler fell ill and took a break from the business. Upon his return he experienced difficulty with the other stockholders that led to his resignation in 1893. This was reversed in 1894. Maybach resigned at the same time, and also returned. In 1900 Daimler died and Wilhelm Maybach quit DMG in 1907.", "Q77348": "Dr. Rangin Dadfar Spanta (born December 15, 1954) is a politician in Afghanistan who last served as National Security Advisor of President Hamid Karzai. Prior to that he served as Foreign Minister from April 2006 to January 2010.\nHe was appointed to that position by President Karzai during a cabinet reshuffle on March 21, 2006 and approved by the 249-seat lower house on April 20, 2006. He was previously the Senior Advisor on International Affairs to President Hamid Karzai. On January 18, 2010 Zalmai Rassoul became the Foreign Minister of Afghanistan.", "Q29552": "The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with its main rival, the Republican Party. Tracing its heritage back to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's Democratic-Republican Party, the modern-day Democratic Party was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party.In its early years, the Party supported limited government, state sovereignty, and slavery, while opposing banks. Since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has promoted a social liberal platform. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business and Southern conservative-populist wings; following the New Deal, however, the conservative wing of the party largely withered outside the South. The New Deal Coalition of 1932\u20131964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction\u2014many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the core bases of the two parties shifted, with the Southern states becoming more reliably Republican in presidential politics and the Northeastern states becoming more reliably Democratic. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, although the working class remains an important component of the Democratic base. People living in urban areas, women, college graduates, sexual minorities, millennials, and black, Latino, Jewish, Muslim, and Asian Americans also tend to support the Democratic Party.The Democratic Party's philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government regulation in the economy to promote the public interest. Environmental protection, support for organized labor, maintenance and expansion of social programs, affordable college tuition, universal health care, equal opportunity, and consumer protection form the core of the party's economic policy. On social issues, it advocates campaign finance reform, LGBT rights, criminal justice and immigration reform, stricter gun laws, and the legalization of marijuana.Fifteen Democrats have served as President of the United States. The first was Andrew Jackson, who was the seventh president and served from 1829 to 1837. The most recent was Barack Obama, who was the 44th and held office from 2009 to 2017. As of 2020, the Democrats hold a majority in the House of Representatives, 15 state government trifectas (governorship and both legislative chambers), the mayoralty of most major American cities, and 19 total state legislatures. Four of the nine sitting justices of the Supreme Court were appointed by Democratic presidents.", "Q273150": "Natalya Nikolayevna Belokhvostikova (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u044f \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, July 28, 1951 in Moscow, USSR) is a retired Soviet and Russian actress. She was awarded the title People's Artist of Russia in 1984.", "Q459290": "An independent film, independent movie, indie film or indie movie is a feature film or short film that is produced outside the major film studio system, in addition to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment companies. Independent films are sometimes distinguishable by their content and style and the way in which the filmmakers' personal artistic vision is realized. Usually, but not always, independent films are made with considerably lower budgets than major studio films.Generally, the marketing of independent films is characterized by limited release, often at independent movie theaters, but they can also have major marketing campaigns and a wide release. Independent films are often screened at local, national, or international film festivals before distribution (theatrical or retail release). An independent film production can rival a mainstream film production if it has the necessary funding and distribution.", "Q178903": "Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 \u2013 July 12, 1804) was an American statesman, politician, legal scholar, military commander, lawyer, banker, and economist. He was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the New York Post newspaper. As the first Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of George Washington's administration. He took the lead in the Federal government's funding of the states' debts, as well as establishing a national bank, a system of tariffs, and friendly trade relations with Britain. His vision included a strong central government led by a vigorous executive branch, a strong commercial economy, a national bank and support for manufacturing, and a strong military.\nHamilton was born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis. He was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. When he reached his teens, he was sent to New York to pursue his education. He took an early role in the militia as the American Revolutionary War began. In 1777, he became a senior aide to General Washington in running the new Continental Army. After the war, he was elected as a representative from New York to the Congress of the Confederation. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York before entering politics. Hamilton was a leader in seeking to replace the weak national government under the Articles of Confederation; he led the Annapolis Convention of 1786, which spurred Congress to call a Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. He helped ratify the Constitution by writing 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which are still used as one of the most important references for Constitutional interpretation.\nHamilton led the Treasury Department as a trusted member of President Washington's first Cabinet. Hamilton successfully argued that the implied powers of the Constitution provided the legal authority to fund the \nnational debt, to assume states' debts, and to create the government-backed Bank of the United States. These programs were funded primarily by a tariff on imports, and later by a controversial whiskey tax. He opposed friendly relations with the French revolutionaries. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed to the Democratic-Republican Party led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. In 1795, he returned to the practice of law in New York. He called for mobilization against the French First Republic in 1798\u201399 under President John Adams, and became Commanding General of the U.S. Army, which he reconstituted, modernized, and readied for war. The army did not see combat in the Quasi-War, and Hamilton was outraged by Adams' diplomatic approach to the crisis with France. His opposition to Adams' re-election helped cause the Federalist party defeat in 1800. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college, and Hamilton helped to defeat Burr, whom he found unprincipled, and to elect Jefferson despite philosophical differences.\nHamilton continued his legal and business activities in New York City, and was active in ending the legality of the international slave trade. Vice President Burr ran for governor of New York State in 1804, and Hamilton campaigned against him as unworthy. Taking offense, Burr challenged him to a duel on July 11, 1804, in which Burr shot and mortally wounded Hamilton, who died the following day. Hamilton is generally regarded as an astute and intellectually brilliant politician and financier, if often impetuous. His ideas are credited with laying the foundation for American government and finance.\n\n", "Q98819": "Henning Otte (born 1968) is a German politician and member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU).\n\n", "Q184560": "The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6, is the foreign intelligence service of the government of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of human intelligence (HUMINT) in support of the UK's national security. SIS is a member of the country's intelligence community and its Chief is accountable to the country's Foreign Secretary.Formed in 1909 as a section of the Secret Service Bureau specialising in foreign intelligence, the section experienced dramatic growth during World War I and officially adopted its current name around 1920. The name MI6 (meaning Military Intelligence, Section 6) originated as a flag of convenience during World War II, when SIS was known by many names. It is still commonly used today. The existence of SIS was not officially acknowledged until 1994. That year the Intelligence Services Act 1994 (ISA) was introduced to Parliament, to place the organisation on a statutory footing for the first time. It provides the legal basis for its operations. Today, SIS is subject to public oversight by the Investigatory Powers Tribunal and the Parliamentary Intelligence and Security Committee.The stated priority roles of SIS are counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation, providing intelligence in support of cyber security, and supporting stability overseas to disrupt terrorism and other criminal activities. Unlike its main sister agencies, the Security Service (MI5) and Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), SIS works exclusively in foreign intelligence gathering; the ISA allows it to carry out operations only against persons outside the British Islands. Some of SIS's actions since the 2000s have attracted significant controversy, such as its alleged acts of torture and extraordinary rendition.Since 1994, SIS has been headquartered in the SIS Building in London, on the South Bank of the River Thames.", "Q65764": "Adolph Konrad Fiedler or Conrad Fiedler (September 23, 1841 \u2013 June 13, 1895) was a German art historian, art collector and writer. Fiedler was one of the most important German art theorist of the 19th century\n\nFiedler was born in Oederan. He studied law at the Heidelberg University and the University of Lausanne. In 1876 Fiedler married Mary Meyer. In 1895 Konrad Fiedler died in Munich by the fall from a balcony. He was buried in the family tomb on the estate Crostewitz.", "Q940348": "The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bosnian: Bo\u0161njaci, pronounced [bo\u0283\u0272\u01ce\u02d0tsi]; singular masculine: Bo\u0161njak, feminine: Bo\u0161njakinja) are a South Slavic nation and ethnic group native to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia.A native minority of Bosniaks live in other countries in the Balkans; especially in the Sand\u017eak region of Serbia and Montenegro (where Bosniaks form a regional majority), and in Croatia and Kosovo. Bosniaks are typically characterized by their historic tie to the Bosnian historical region, traditional majority adherence to Islam since the 15th and 16th centuries, common culture and Bosnian language. As of 2017 Bosniaks are also recognised as a national minority in Albania.English speakers frequently refer to Bosniaks as Bosnian Muslims or simply as Bosnians, though the latter term can also denote all inhabitants of Bosnia and Herzegovina (regardless of ethnic identity) or apply to citizens of the country.\nOver two million Bosniaks live in the Balkans, with an estimated additional million settled and living around the world. Ethnic cleansing and genocide during the Bosnian War (1992\u201395) have had an effect on the territorial distribution of the population. Partly due to this, a significant Bosniak diaspora exists in a number of countries, including Austria, Germany, Turkey, Australia, Sweden, Canada, and the United States.", "Q44972": "Peter Altenberg (9 March 1859 \u2013 8 January 1919) was a writer and poet from Vienna, Austria. He was key to the genesis of early modernism in the city.", "Q426444": "And the Heavens Above Us (German: Und \u00fcber uns der Himmel) is a 1947 German drama film directed by Josef von B\u00e1ky and starring Hans Albers, Paul Edwin Roth and Lotte Koch. It was part of the post-war series of rubble films.It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin and on location in the city. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Emil Hasler and Walter Kutz.", "Q16952": "Peking University (abbreviated PKU, colloquially known as Beida) is a major research university in Beijing, China, and a member of the elite C9 League of Chinese universities. It is perennially ranked as one of the top academic institutions in China, Asia, and worldwide, and was recognized as the 22nd best university in the 2020 QS World University Rankings.The first modern national university established in China, it was founded during the late Qing Dynasty in 1898 as the Imperial University of Peking and was the successor of the Guozijian, or Imperial College. The university's English name retains the older transliteration of \"Beijing\" that has been superseded in most other contexts.Throughout its history, Peking University has played an important role \"at the center of major intellectual movements\" in China. Starting from the early 1920s, the university became a center for China's emerging progressive movements. Faculty and students held important roles in originating the New Culture Movement, the May Fourth Movement protests, and other significant cultural and sociopolitical events, to the extent that the university's history has been closely tied to that of modern China. Peking University has educated and hosted many prominent modern Chinese figures, including Mao Zedong, Lu Xun, Gu Hongming, Hu Shih, Mao Dun, Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, and the current Premier Li Keqiang.It hosts one of the only undergraduate liberal arts colleges in Asia. It is a Class A institution under the national Double First Class University program.Peking University's faculty includes 76 members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and 25 members of the World Academy of Sciences. Peking University Library is one of the largest libraries in the world with over 8 million volumes. The university also operates the PKU Hall, a professional performing arts centers, and the Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Arts and Archaeology. Peking University's affiliated Founder Corporation is the largest university-affiliated company in China, with total assets valued at 239.3 billion renminbi as of 2016. Peking University is especially renowned for its campus grounds and the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture.", "Q432431": "Michael Bradley Enzi (; born February 1, 1944) is an American politician and accountant serving as the senior United States Senator from Wyoming, a seat he was first elected to in 1996. He is a member of the Republican Party.\nRaised in Thermopolis, Wyoming, Enzi attended George Washington University and the University of Denver. He expanded his father's shoe store business in Gillette, Wyoming before being elected the city's mayor in 1974. In the late 1970s, he worked for the United States Department of the Interior. He served as a state legislator in both the Wyoming House of Representatives (1987\u20131991) and Wyoming Senate (1991\u20131997). During the 1980s and 1990s, he worked as an accountant and executive director in the energy industry.\nEnzi was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1996 with 54% of the vote and was reelected in 2002 with 73% of the vote, in 2008 with 75% of the vote and in 2014 with 71% of the vote. Since his election, he has consistently been ranked one of the most conservative members of the Senate. He was a member of the 2009 Gang of Six, which attempted to negotiate health care reform. Since 2015, he has also chaired the Senate Budget Committee, during the 114th and 115th Congresses.\n\n", "Q180706": "Rescue Dawn is a 2006 American epic war drama film written and directed by Werner Herzog, based on an adapted screenplay written from his 1997 documentary film Little Dieter Needs to Fly. The film stars Christian Bale, and is based on the true story of German-American pilot Dieter Dengler, who was shot down and captured by villagers sympathetic to the Pathet Lao during an American military campaign in the Vietnam War. Steve Zahn, Jeremy Davies, Pat Healy, and Toby Huss also have principal roles. The film project, which had initially come together during 2004, began shooting in Thailand in August 2005. Despite critical acclaim, the film was a box office failure.", "Q613453": "Dm\u00edtri Aleks\u00e1ndrovitch Bil\u00e9nkin (Russian: \u0411\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447); September 21, 1933 \u2013 July 28, 1987, was a Soviet science fiction author.", "Q2745626": "Bruce R. Chizen (born 1956) is an American executive. He was the chief executive officer of Adobe Systems from 2000 to 2007.", "Q216904": "Aleksis Kivi (pronunciation ), born Alexis Stenvall, (10 October 1834 \u2013 31 December 1872) was a Finnish author who wrote the first significant novel in the Finnish language, Seitsem\u00e4n veljest\u00e4 (\"Seven Brothers\") in 1870. Although Kivi was among the very earliest authors of prose and lyrics in Finnish, he is still considered one of the greatest.", "Q218929": "Frithjof Bettum (13 May 1900 \u2013 20 September 1984) was a Norwegian jurist and politician for the Conservative Party.\nHe was born in Sandar.\nHe was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Vestfold in 1945, but was not re-elected. He later served in the position of deputy representative during the term 1950\u20131953.\nBettum was a member of Sandar municipality council from 1928 to 1937 and 1945 to 1955, serving as deputy mayor in 1931\u20131934.\nBettum was one of three partners of Anders Jahres Rederi from 1928 to 1969 and chairman of the trustees of Anders Jahres Humanit\u00e6re Stiftelse from 1966 to 1978.", "Q277336": "Geetha Kadambee (born 14 July 1962) is an Indian actress who appears in Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu and Hindi films. She debuted in the Tamil film Bairavi (as Rajinikanth's sister). Since then she has acted in over 200 films in all major South Indian languages, and in a few Hindi films. She also appears in South Indian television serials. Geetha has won two Filmfare Awards South and a Karnataka State Film Awards and Kerala State Film Awards each.", "Q93794": "Churchill Caldom Cambreleng (October 24, 1786 \u2013 April 30, 1862) was an American businessman and politician from New York. He is notable for his service in the United States House of Representatives from 1821 to 1839, including terms as chairman of several high profile committees. In addition, he served as U.S. Minister to Russia from 1840 to 1841.", "Q1346488": "Horace Elgin Dodge Sr. (May 17, 1868 \u2013 December 10, 1920) was an American automobile manufacturing pioneer and co-founder of Dodge Brothers Company.", "Q1064691": "Arthur Nigel Davenport (23 May 1928 \u2013 25 October 2013) was a British stage, television and film actor, best known as the Duke of Norfolk and Lord Birkenhead in the Academy Award-winning films A Man for All Seasons and Chariots of Fire, respectively.\n\n", "Q2110332": "Javier G\u00e1ndara Maga\u00f1a (b. Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico 23 November 1944) is a Sonoran businessman and politician. He is a member of the Partido Acci\u00f3n Nacional (PAN). He was president of the municipal government of Hermosillo from 2009-2012. He serves as the Sonoran government candidate for PAN.", "Q2156367": "Robert Knight (Bob) Andras, (February 21, 1921 \u2013 November 17, 1982) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral districts of Port Arthur from 1965 to 1979, and Thunder Bay\u2014Nipigon from 1979 to 1980, in the House of Commons of Canada as a member of the Liberal Party of Canada.\nHe was born February 21, 1921 in Lachine, Quebec. Andras moved to Port Arthur, Ontario in 1958 as the general manager of Gibson Motors Ltd., a car dealership he assumed ownership of in 1960.\nHe held a number of cabinet positions in the government of Pierre Trudeau. He was Minister without Portfolio from 1968 to 1971, Minister of State for Urban Affairs from 1971 to 1972, Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs in 1972, Minister of Manpower and Immigration from 1972 to 1976, President of the Treasury Board from 1976 to 1978, and Minister of State for Economic Development from 1978 to 1979.\nAs Minister without Portfolio in 1968\u20131971, Andras started working with Minister of Northern Affairs, Jean Chr\u00e9tien to determine the future of Indian policy. He attended consultation meetings with Aboriginal spokespeople during the summer of 1968. Aboriginal people felt that Andras understood their issues and would make a difference in Indian policy compared to previous bureaucratic rhetoric, but Andras did not have the opportunity to push the agenda forward.Andras did not run for re-election in the 1980 election. He died November 17, 1982 at his Vancouver home from cancer.", "Q221170": "Albrecht von Scharfenberg (fl. 1270s) was a Middle High German poet, best known as the author of Der j\u00fcngere Titurel (\"The Younger Titurel\") since his two other known works, Seifrid de Ardemont and Merlin, are lost. Linguistic evidence suggests he may have been from Bavaria and worked in Thuringia or elsewhere in northern Germany.Der j\u00fcngere Titurel survives in eleven complete manuscripts and about fifty fragments. It is a cohesive continuation in over 6,300 lines of Wolfram von Eschenbach's fragmentary Titurel, and builds on the love story of Sigune and Schionatulander found in his Parzival. It is \"saga with a worldwide sweep encompassing an enormous cast of characters [and a] message of Christian virtue.\"Throughout the poem Albrecht pretends to be the famed Wolfram, and for a long time modern scholars thought the latter was the author of Der j\u00fcngere Titurel. It is now recognised that seven stanzas\u2014the so-called Hinweisstrophen (reference stanzas)\u2014reveal the author to be other than Wolfram and stanza 5883 even names him as \"Albrecht\". The dating of Der j\u00fcngere Titurel to the early 1270s is tentative and based largely on a fragment of a dedicatory poem, the so-called Verfasserfragment (author fragment).The late medieval writer Ulrich F\u00fcetrer regarded Albrecht as one of the greatest poets of the German language. He also identifies him as the author of the two lost works. Der j\u00fcngere Titurel was popular enough to be printed at Strasbourg in 1477. Ulrich's opinion of it was followed by most scholars, and it was often (erroneously) labelled the greatest accomplishment of Wolfram. In 1829 Karl Lachmann denigrated the poem while correcting its attribution. Its reputation remained low until the late twentieth century.", "Q3182579": "John Taylor Johnston (April 8, 1820 \u2013 March 24, 1893) was an American businessman and patron of the arts. He served as President of the Central Railroad of New Jersey and was one of the founders of The Metropolitan Museum of Art.", "Q155649": "Richard Charles Albert Holbrooke (April 24, 1941 \u2013 December 13, 2010) was an American diplomat and author. He was the only person to have held the position of Assistant Secretary of State for two different regions of the world (Asia from 1977 to 1981 and Europe from 1994 to 1996).\nFrom 1993 to 1994, he was U.S. Ambassador to Germany. Long well known among journalists and in diplomatic circles, Holbrooke became known to the wider public when, together with former Swedish prime minister Carl Bildt, he brokered a peace agreement among the warring factions in Bosnia that led to the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords, in 1995. Holbrooke was a leading contender to succeed Warren Christopher as Secretary of State but was passed over in 1996 as President Bill Clinton chose Madeleine Albright instead. From 1999 to 2001, Holbrooke served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations.\nHe was an adviser to the Presidential campaign of Senator John Kerry in 2004. Holbrooke then joined the Presidential campaign of Senator Hillary Clinton and became a top foreign policy adviser. Holbrooke was considered a likely candidate for Secretary of State had Kerry or Hillary Clinton been elected President. In January 2009, Holbrooke was appointed as a special adviser on Pakistan and Afghanistan, working under President Barack Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. During his career, Holbrooke worked to improve the lives of refugees, particularly the Hmong of Indochina. On December 13, 2010, Holbrooke died from complications of an aortic dissection.Holbrooke's unfulfilled ambition was to become Secretary of State; he, along with George Kennan and Chip Bohlen, were considered among the most influential U.S. diplomats who never achieved that position. Several considered Holbrooke's role in the Dayton Accords to merit the Nobel Peace Prize.", "Q549097": "Arnaldo Mussolini (January 11, 1885 \u2013 December 21, 1931) was an Italian journalist and politician. He was the brother of Italy's Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, and a Fascist himself.", "Q2814": "Halle (Saale) (colloquially: Halle (UK: , US: ); from the 15th to the 17th century: Hall in Sachsen, until the beginning of the 20th century: Halle an der Saale [\u02c8hal\u0259 \u0294an de\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u02c8za\u02d0l\u0259] (listen), from 1965 to 1995: Halle/Saale) is the largest city of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt, the fifth largest city in the area of former East Germany after (East) Berlin, Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz, as well as the 31st largest city of Germany, and with around 239,000 inhabitants, it is slightly more populous than the state capital of Magdeburg. Together with Leipzig, the largest city of Saxony, Halle forms the polycentric Leipzig-Halle conurbation. Between the two cities, in Schkeuditz, lies Leipzig/Halle International Airport. The Leipzig-Halle conurbation is at the heart of the larger Central German Metropolitan Region.\nHalle lies in the south of Saxony-Anhalt, in the Leipzig Bay, the southernmost part of the North German Plain, on the River Saale (a tributary of the Elbe), which is the third longest river flowing entirely in Germany after the Weser and the Main. The White Elster flows into the Saale in the southern borough of Silberh\u00f6he. Halle is the fourth largest city in the Thuringian-Upper Saxon dialect area after Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz.\nHalle is an economic and educational center in central-eastern Germany. The Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg with campuses in Halle and Wittenberg is the largest university in Saxony-Anhalt, one of the oldest universities in Germany, and a nurturing ground for the local startup ecosystem. The university hospital of Halle (Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Halle (Saale)) is the largest hospital in the state.", "Q841042": "My Bloody Valentine are a rock band formed in Dublin in 1983. Since 1987, its lineup has consisted of founding members Kevin Shields (vocals, guitar, sampler) and Colm \u00d3 C\u00edos\u00f3ig (drums, sampler), with Bilinda Butcher (vocals, guitar) and Debbie Googe (bass). Their music is best known for its merging of dissonant guitar textures, ethereal melody, and unorthodox production techniques. They helped to pioneer the alternative rock subgenre known as shoegazing during the late 1980s and early 1990s.\nFollowing several unsuccessful early releases and membership changes, My Bloody Valentine signed to Creation Records in 1988. The band released several successful EPs and the albums Isn't Anything (1988) and Loveless (1991) on the label; the latter is often described as their magnum opus and one of the best albums of the 1990s. However, they were dropped by Creation after its release due to the album's extensive production costs. In 1992, the band signed to Island Records and recorded several albums worth of unreleased material, remaining largely inactive.\nGooge and \u00d3 C\u00edos\u00f3ig left the band in 1995, and were followed by Butcher in 1997. Unable to complete a follow-up to Loveless, Shields isolated himself and, in his own words, \"went crazy\". In 2007, he announced that he had reunited with his bandmates, and My Bloody Valentine subsequently embarked on a world tour. Their long-delayed third studio album, m b v, was released in 2013.", "Q4830274": "Axel Gustaf Torbj\u00f6rn Enstr\u00f6m (October 25, 1893 - March 9, 1977) was the head of Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget in Sundsvall. He was managing director from 1950 to 1960 and chairman of the board from 1960 to 1965.\n\n", "Q758136": "Attilio Dottesio (16 July 1909 \u2013 12 February 1989) was an Italian film character actor. He appeared in 170 films between 1940 and 1985.\nBorn in Brescia, Dottesio began his career in France, where first he obtained some success as a pop singer and later debuted as an actor in the film Les perles de la couronne directed by Sacha Guitry. Back in Italy, he attended the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome, then he began an intense career as a character actor. His first Italian film was La peccatrice by Amleto Palermi (1940). In 1955 he had his only experience as a director, with the documentary film Amazzonia terra sconosciuta.", "Q313868": "Fela Anikulapo Kuti (15 October 1938 \u2013 2 August 1997), also professionally known as Fela Kuti, or simply Fela, was a Nigerian multi-instrumentalist, musician, composer, pioneer of the Afrobeat music genre and human rights activist. At the height of his popularity, he was referred to as one of Africa's most \"challenging and charismatic music performers\".", "Q231405": "Sara Gilbert (born Sara Rebecca Abeles; January 29, 1975) is an American actress, director, and producer known for her role as Darlene Conner on the ABC sitcom Roseanne (1988\u20131997; 2018), for which she received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. She is also creator and former co-host of the CBS daytime talk show The Talk and had a recurring role as Leslie Winkle on CBS's The Big Bang Theory.", "Q102711": "Dennis Lee Hopper (May 17, 1936 \u2013 May 29, 2010) was an American actor, filmmaker, photographer, and artist. He attended the Actors Studio, made his first television appearance in 1954, and soon after appeared alongside James Dean in Rebel Without a Cause (1955), and Giant (1956). In the next ten years he made a name in television, and by the end of the 1960s had appeared in several films, notably Cool Hand Luke (1967) and Hang 'Em High (1968). Hopper also began a prolific and acclaimed photography career in the 1960s.Hopper made his directorial film debut with Easy Rider (1969), which he and co-star Peter Fonda wrote with Terry Southern. The film earned Hopper a Cannes Film Festival Award for \"Best First Work\" and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay (shared with Fonda and Southern). Journalist Ann Hornaday wrote: \"With its portrait of counterculture heroes raising their middle fingers to the uptight middle-class hypocrisies, Easy Rider became the cinematic symbol of the 1960s, a celluloid anthem to freedom, macho bravado and anti-establishment rebellion\". Film critic Matthew Hays wrote \"no other persona better signifies the lost idealism of the 1960s than that of Dennis Hopper\".Following the critical and commercial failure of his second film as director, The Last Movie (1971), he worked on various independent and foreign projects - in which he was frequently typecast as mentally disturbed outsiders in such films as Mad Dog Morgan (1976) and The American Friend (1977) - until he found new fame for his role as an American photojournalist in Apocalypse Now (1979). He went on to helm his third directorial work Out of the Blue (1980), for which he was again honored at Cannes, and appeared in Rumble Fish (1983) and The Osterman Weekend (1983). He saw a career resurgence in 1986 when he was widely acclaimed for his performances in Blue Velvet and Hoosiers, the latter of which saw him nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. His fourth directorial outing came about through Colors (1988), followed by an Emmy-nominated lead performance in Paris Trout (1991). Hopper found greater fame for portraying the villains of the films Super Mario Bros. (1993), Speed (1994) and Waterworld (1995).\nHopper's later work included a leading role in the short-lived television series Crash (2008\u20132009), inspired by the film of the same name. He appeared in three films released posthumously: Alpha and Omega (2010), The Last Film Festival (2016) and the long-delayed The Other Side of the Wind (2018), which had been filmed in the early 1970s.", "Q153238": "Leo Szilard (; Hungarian: Szil\u00e1rd Le\u00f3 [\u02c8sila\u02d0rd \u02c8l\u025bo\u02d0]; born Le\u00f3 Spitz; February 11, 1898 \u2013 May 30, 1964) was a Hungarian-German-American physicist and inventor. He conceived the nuclear chain reaction in 1933, patented the idea of a nuclear fission reactor in 1934, and in late 1939 wrote the letter for Albert Einstein's signature that resulted in the Manhattan Project that built the atomic bomb. According to Gy\u00f6rgy Marx he was one of Hungarian scientists known as The Martians.Szilard initially attended Palatine Joseph Technical University in Budapest, but his engineering studies were interrupted by service in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I. He left Hungary for Germany in 1919, enrolling at Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology) in Berlin-Charlottenburg, but became bored with engineering and transferred to Friedrich Wilhelm University, where he studied physics. He wrote his doctoral thesis on Maxwell's demon, a long-standing puzzle in the philosophy of thermal and statistical physics. Szilard was the first to recognize the connection between thermodynamics and information theory.\nIn addition to the nuclear reactor, Szilard submitted the earliest patent applications for the electron microscope (1928), the linear accelerator (1928), and the cyclotron (1929) in Germany. Between 1926 and 1930, he worked with Einstein on the development of the Einstein refrigerator. After Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, Szilard urged his family and friends to flee Europe while they still could. He moved to England, where he helped found the Academic Assistance Council, an organization dedicated to helping refugee scholars find new jobs. While in England he discovered a means of isotope separation known as the Szilard\u2013Chalmers effect.\nForeseeing another war in Europe, Szilard moved to the United States in 1938, where he worked with Enrico Fermi and Walter Zinn on means of creating a nuclear chain reaction. He was present when this was achieved within the Chicago Pile-1 on December 2, 1942. He worked for the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago on aspects of nuclear reactor design. He drafted the Szilard petition advocating a demonstration of the atomic bomb, but the Interim Committee chose to use them against cities without warning.\nAfter the war, Szilard switched to biology. He invented the chemostat, discovered feedback inhibition, and was involved in the first cloning of a human cell. He publicly sounded the alarm against the possible development of salted thermonuclear bombs, a new kind of nuclear weapon that might annihilate mankind. Diagnosed with bladder cancer in 1960, he underwent a cobalt-60 treatment that he had designed. He helped found the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, where he became a resident fellow. Szilard founded Council for a Livable World in 1962 to deliver \"the sweet voice of reason\" about nuclear weapons to Congress, the White House, and the American public. He died in his sleep of a heart attack in 1964.", "Q4821379": "Augustus R. Barrows (also known as A. R. Barrows) (July 30, 1838 \u2013 December 20, 1885) was an American lumberman from Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin who spent one term as an independent Greenbacker member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Chippewa County, serving as the Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly even though his party held only 13 of 100 seats therein. He later moved to Montana, where he became a rancher, and ran a saloon-hotel, a general store, and a sawmill.", "Q432357": "Phyllida Ann Law (born 8 May 1932) is a Scottish actress, known for her numerous roles in film and television.", "Q27231": "East Asia is the eastern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of China, Hong Kong, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. The East Asian states China, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan are all unrecognized by at least one other East Asian state. Hong Kong and Macau are officially highly autonomous but are under effective Chinese sovereignty. North Asia borders East Asia's north, Southeast Asia the south, South Asia the southwest, and Central Asia the west. To the east is the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast is Micronesia (a Pacific Ocean island group, classified as part of Oceania).\nThe region was the cradle of various ancient civilizations such as ancient China, ancient Japan, ancient Korea, and the Mongol Empire. East Asia was one of the cradles of world civilization, with China, an ancient East Asian civilization being one of the earliest cradles of civilization in human history. For thousands of years, China largely influenced East Asia as it was principally the leading civilization in the region exerting its enormous prestige and influence on its neighbors. Historically, societies in East Asia have been part of the Chinese sphere of influence, and East Asian vocabulary and scripts are often derived from Classical Chinese and Chinese script. The Chinese calendar preserves traditional East Asian culture and serves as the root to which many other East Asian calendars are derived from. Major religions in East Asia include Buddhism (mostly Mahayana), Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism, Taoism, Ancestral worship, and Chinese folk religion in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, Buddhism and Shintoism in Japan, and Christianity, Buddhism and Sindoism in Korea. Tengerism and Tibetan Buddhism is prevalent among Mongols and Tibetans while other religions such as Shamanism are widespread among the indigenous populations of northeastern China such as the Manchus. Major languages in East Asia include Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Major ethnic groups of East Asia include the Han, Yamato, and Koreans. There are 76 officially-recognized minority ethnic groups in East Asia; 55 native to mainland China, 16 native to the island of Taiwan (collectively Taiwanese indigenous peoples), one native to the major Japanese island of Hokkaido (the Ainu) and four native to Mongolia.\nEast Asians comprise around 1.7 billion people, making up about 38% of the population in Continental Asia and 22% of the global population. The region is home to major world metropolises such as Beijing, Hong Kong, Seoul, Shanghai, Taipei, and Tokyo. Although the coastal and riparian areas of the region form one of the world's most populated places, the population in Mongolia and Western China, both landlocked areas, is very sparsely distributed, with Mongolia having the lowest population density of a sovereign state. The overall population density of the region is 133 inhabitants per square kilometre (340/sq mi), about three times the world average of 45/km2 (120/sq mi).\nEast Asia has some of the world's largest and most prosperous economies: Mainland China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau.", "Q9799": "Heerlen (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0266e\u02d0rl\u0259(n)] (listen); Limburgish: He\u00eble) is a city and a municipality in the southeast of the Netherlands. It is the third largest settlement proper in the province of Limburg. Measured as municipality, it is the fourth municipality in the province of Limburg.\nHeerlen forms part of the city-region of Parkstad Limburg, an agglomeration with about 250,000 inhabitants and ecompassing 8 municipalities. It is to the east of Maastricht and north of the German city of Aachen.\nAfter its early Roman beginnings and a modest medieval period, Heerlen became a centre for the coal mining industry in the Netherlands in the late 19th century. In the 20th century, architect Frits Peutz played a major role in shaping the city as we know it today. His most famous design, and a distinctive building in the city centre, is the so-called Glaspaleis (Glass Palace), listed as one of the world's thousand most architecturally important buildings of the 20th century.", "Q1092107": "Passy Cemetery (French: Cimeti\u00e8re de Passy) is a cemetery in Passy, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France.", "Q275247": "Herbert Arthur Wiglev Clamor Gr\u00f6nemeyer (born 12 April 1956) is a German musician and actor, popular in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. He starred as war correspondent Lieutenant Werner in Wolfgang Petersen's movie Das Boot, but later focused on his musical career. His fifth album 4630 Bochum (1984) and his 11th album Mensch (Human) (2002) are the third and first best-selling records in Germany respectively, making him the most successful artist in Germany with combined album sales over 13 million.", "Q436131": "Neil Postman (March 8, 1931 \u2013 October 5, 2003) was an American author, educator, media theorist and cultural critic, who eschewed technology, including personal computers in school and cruise control in cars, and is best known for twenty books regarding technology and education, including Amusing Ourselves to Death (1985), Conscientious Objections (1988), Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology (1992), The Disappearance of Childhood (1994), and The End of Education: Redefining the Value of School (1995).\n\n", "Q80930": "Tragedy (from the Greek: \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u1ff3\u03b4\u03af\u03b1, trag\u014didia) is a form of drama based on human suffering that invokes an accompanying catharsis or pleasure in audiences. While many cultures have developed forms that provoke this paradoxical response, the term tragedy often refers to a specific tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western civilization. That tradition has been multiple and discontinuous, yet the term has often been used to invoke a powerful effect of cultural identity and historical continuity\u2014\"the Greeks and the Elizabethans, in one cultural form; Hellenes and Christians, in a common activity,\" as Raymond Williams puts it.From its origins in the theatre of ancient Greece 2500 years ago, from which there survives only a fraction of the work of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, as well as many fragments from other poets; through its singular articulations in the works of Shakespeare, Lope de Vega, Jean Racine, and Friedrich Schiller to the more recent naturalistic tragedy of Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg; Samuel Beckett's modernist meditations on death, loss and suffering; M\u00fcller's postmodernist reworkings of the tragic canon, tragedy has remained an important site of cultural experimentation, negotiation, struggle, and change. A long line of philosophers\u2014which includes Plato, Aristotle, Saint Augustine, Voltaire, Hume, Diderot, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Freud, Benjamin, Camus, Lacan, and Deleuze\u2014have analysed, speculated upon, and criticised the genre.In the wake of Aristotle's Poetics (335 BCE), tragedy has been used to make genre distinctions, whether at the scale of poetry in general (where the tragic divides against epic and lyric) or at the scale of the drama (where tragedy is opposed to comedy). In the modern era, tragedy has also been defined against drama, melodrama, the tragicomic, and epic theatre. Drama, in the narrow sense, cuts across the traditional division between comedy and tragedy in an anti- or a-generic deterritorialisation from the mid-19th century onwards. Both Bertolt Brecht and Augusto Boal define their epic theatre projects (non-Aristotelian drama and Theatre of the Oppressed, respectively) against models of tragedy. Taxidou, however, reads epic theatre as an incorporation of tragic functions and its treatments of mourning and speculation.", "Q781125": "Imre Augustich or Agostich (Slovene: Imre Augusti\u010d September 29/30, 1837 \u2013 July 17, 1879) was a Slovene writer, poet, journalist, and representative of Vas county in the National Assembly of Hungary. He was the author of Prij\u00e1tel (Friend), the first newspaper in Prekmurje Slovene.\nAugustich was born in Murski Petrovci (Prekmurje). His father, Lajos Augustich, was a petty nobleman and economic officer for the Szap\u00e1ry family. His mother, Julianna Zanaty, was born in Szombathely. Augustich studied in Szombathely and Budapest, and early in his career was a notary for the Batthy\u00e1ny family in Murska Sobota and Als\u00f3sz\u00f6ln\u00f6k, and became a reporter and journalist in Budapest.\nThe first works that Augustich wrote in Hungarian supported magyarization in the Slovene March. Augustich translated verses by S\u00e1ndor Pet\u0151fi, J\u00e1nos Arany, P\u00e1l Gyulai, and others, at the same time renewing Prekmurje Slovene language and literature.\nHe died of tuberculosis in Budapest.", "Q862843": "Billie Maxwell (1906\u20131954) was the first woman recorded in country music, and the first recorded musician from Arizona. She played guitar with The White Mountain Orchestra and recorded six sides for the Victor Talking Machine Company.", "Q467418": "Doireann N\u00ed Bhriain (pronounced [\u02c8d\u02e0\u0259r\u02b2i\u02d0n n\u02b2i\u02d0 \u02c8vr\u02b2i\u02d0\u0259n\u02b2], born 1952) is an Irish independent radio producer. She began her career as a radio and television journalist, and started out reading children's stories on television. From those beginnings, she went on to work for RT\u00c9 for over 20 years before moving on in 1993. She is best known for her work and affiliation with RT\u00c9 Radio 1.\nShe was a long-running reporter on the radio current affairs programme Women Today, for which she is well known. She was the presenter of the Eurovision Song Contest 1981, held in Dublin. In 1993, she won a Jacob's Award for her work on RT\u00c9 Radio.\n\n", "Q254289": "Libu\u0161e \u0160afr\u00e1nkov\u00e1 (born 7 June 1953 in Brno, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech actress. Her husband is actor Josef Abrh\u00e1m.\nHer breakthrough was the title role in the 1973 film Three Nuts for Cinderella, which is considered a Christmas film classic in many parts of Europe. In the 1970s and 1980s, she played leading roles in many fairy-tale films. She received the Czech Lion Award as best actress in a film in 1996 and then in 2008 she received the prize Hv\u011bzda m\u00e9ho srdce (Star of My Heart), awarded by Czech Television.", "Q2579615": "Amazing Nurse Nanako (\u83dc\u3005\u5b50\u89e3\u4f53\u8a3a\u66f8, Nanako Kaitai Shinsho) is an anime OVA series released in Japan. There were 6 episodes. It was released in January 2003 in a DVD box-set in the United States through Geneon.\nThe series details the life and history of Nanako Shichigusa, a 16-year-old who works as a maid (not nurse as the title might imply) in the hospital of Dr. Kyogi Ogami, the male lead. Nanako is a classic ditzy slapstick protagonist who tends to accidentally break things and do everything wrong. Ogami treats her frequently in a cruel or heartless manner\u2014threatening her, yelling at her and even subjecting her to physical abuse\u2014yet at the climax of every episode he comes through to rescue her from whatever predicament she got herself into. Much of the series revolves around the relationship between Nanako and Ogami\u2014his mean veneer, her faith in him, and how he alternates between the evil mad scientist archetype and the knight in shining armor archetype.\nAs the series progresses we are gradually revealed the history between Nanako and Ogami's family and given a reason why the two are so tightly knit together, as well as why the title refers to Nanako as a \"nurse\". A minor supporting cast is introduced, though Nanako and Ogami are clearly the leads. The plot incorporates the American military, the Catholic Church and outlandish science fiction experiments, with these elements progressed mostly in the lead episode and the last two episodes. The middle episodes 2-4 feature mostly unrelated one-shot plots, though minor progress is made in each episode regarding the history between Nanako and Ogami's family.", "Q705225": "Christian Boltanski (born 1944) is a French sculptor, photographer, painter and film maker, most well known for his photography installations and contemporary French Conceptual style.\n He is the brother of Luc Boltanski and the partner of Annette Messager. The writer Christophe Boltanski is his nephew.\n\n", "Q176090": "Marcus Cocceius Nerva (before 5 BC \u2013 AD 33) was a member of the entourage of the Roman emperor Tiberius and a celebrated jurist. He was the son of Marcus Cocceius Nerva and the grandfather of emperor Nerva.In AD 24 Tiberius appointed him to the head of the curatores aquarum, a three-man commission responsible for Rome's water supply. In 33 he starved himself to death despite the pleas of Tiberius. In explanation Tacitus writes: \"Those who knew his thoughts said that as he saw more closely into the miseries of the State, he chose, in anger and alarm, an honourable death, while he was yet safe and unassailed on.\" From this we may infer that he despaired at the tyrannies of the Praetorian Guard and committed suicide as a form of protest and may have been worried about his own safety.", "Q1785152": "Newell Sanders (July 12, 1850 \u2013 January 26, 1939) was a Chattanooga businessman who served for a relatively brief time as a United States Senator from Tennessee.", "Q572001": "Charles David Keeling (April 20, 1928 \u2013 June 20, 2005) was an American scientist whose recording of carbon dioxide at the Mauna Loa Observatory first alerted the world to the possibility of anthropogenic contribution to the \"greenhouse effect\" and global warming. The Keeling Curve measures the progressive buildup of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, in the atmosphere.", "Q97294": "Georg Fein (1803\u20131869) was a German democratic journalist, an early German socialist and a liberal nationalist. He was a prominent publicist during the Vorm\u00e4rz period that preceded the Revolution of 1848.", "Q1954886": "Music & Arts is a classical and jazz record label founded in Berkeley, California by Frederick Maroth.It began in 1984 as a classical music label before adding jazz and world music. The catalog includes classical composers and musicians Milton Babbitt, John Cage, Elliott Carter, Aaron Copland, George Crumb, Henry Cowell, David Del Tredici, Lukas Foss, John Harbison, Lou Harrison, and Leon Kirchner. The jazz roster includes Anthony Braxton, Tim Cobb, Marilyn Crispell, Andrew Cyrille, Joe Fonda, Georg Gr\u00e4we, Julius Hemphill, Gerry Hemingway, Larry Ochs, Ivo Perelman, Paul Plimley, John Rapson, Ernst Reijseger, String Trio of New York, and Reggie Workman. Music & Arts is a daughter company of Music and Arts Programs of America and in distributed by Naxos in the United States.", "Q158379": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Wolker (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u026ar\u031di\u02d0 \u02c8volkr\u0329]) (29 March 1900 \u2013 3 January 1924) was a Czech poet, journalist and playwright. He was one of the founding members of KS\u010c - Communist Party of Czechoslovakia - in 1921.", "Q106563": "Johannes Sass (also in German: Sa\u00df, born (1889-09-04)4 September 1889 in Hamburg, died (1971-12-31)31 December 1971) was a linguist who specialized in the Low German language. He obtained his doctorate in 1926 from the University of Hamburg.", "Q118985": "The Bride is a 1985 British-American horror film directed by Franc Roddam and written by Lloyd Fonvielle, based on Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein. The film stars Sting as Baron Charles Frankenstein and Jennifer Beals as Eva, a woman he creates in the same fashion as his infamous monster.\nThe film, an international co-production between the United Kingdom and the United States, was released theatrically on August 16, 1985 by Columbia Pictures to generally negative reviews from critics. It was a commercial failure, grossing only $3.6 million.", "Q3792243": "Ignacio Mar\u00eda Agirrezabala Ibarbia, nicknamed Chirri II (10 May 1909 \u2013 11 September 1979) was a Spanish footballer who played as a forward. He played four times for Spain.\n\n", "Q1748120": "Laura-Liina Sippola (born 14 September 1974) is a pianist and a singer-songwriter based in Helsinki, Finland. \nShe works as a freelance musician and a composer.", "Q167189": "Nasjonal Samling (Norwegian pronunciation: [n\u0251\u0282\u028a\u02c8n\u0251\u02d0l \u02c8s\u0251\u0300ml\u026a\u014b], NS; literally \"National Rally\") was a Norwegian far-right party active from 1933 to 1945. It was the only legal party of Norway from 1942 to 1945. It was founded by former minister of defence Vidkun Quisling and a group of supporters such as Johan Bernhard Hjort \u2013 who led the party's paramilitary wing (Hirden) for a short time before leaving the party in 1937 after various internal conflicts. The party celebrated its founding on 17 May, Norway's national holiday, but was founded on 13 May 1933.", "Q80924": "W\u00e1lter Guevara Arze (March 11, 1912 in Ayopaya Province, Cochabamba Department, Bolivia \u2013 June 20, 1996 in La Paz, Bolivia) was a Bolivian statesman, cabinet minister, writer, diplomat, and president (1979).", "Q2540080": "Lucerne-Land District (German: Wahlkreis Luzern-Land) is one of the two new Wahlkreis formed from the former Lucerne Amt in 2013 in the Canton of Lucerne, Switzerland. It has a population of 101,972 (as of 31 December 2018) and includes everything but the city of Lucerne from the old Amt.", "Q888256": "Robert David \"Bob\" Simon (May 29, 1941 \u2013 February 11, 2015) was an American television correspondent for CBS News. During his career, he covered crises, war, and unrest in 67 countries. Simon reported the withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam, the Israeli-Lebanese Conflict in 1982, and the student protests in China's Tiananmen Square in 1989. During the Persian Gulf War in 1991, he and four of his TV crew were captured and imprisoned by Iraq for 40 days. He published a book about the experience titled \"Forty Days.\"\nHe became a regular correspondent for CBS's 60 Minutes in 1996 and, in 1999, for 60 Minutes II. At the time of his death in an auto accident, he served as 60 Minutes senior foreign correspondent. Simon is described as having been \"a giant of broadcast journalism\" by CBS News President David Rhodes, and is recognized as one of the few journalists who have covered most of the major overseas conflicts since 1969. For his extensive reporting over a 47-year career, he earned more than 40 major awards, including the Overseas Press Club award and 27 Emmy Awards for journalism.On February 11, 2015, Simon was severely injured in a car accident in Manhattan, New York. He was transported to St. Luke's\u2013Roosevelt Hospital (now Mount Sinai West), where he was pronounced dead.", "Q119443": "Hans Lorbeer (15 August 1901 \u2013 7 September 1973) was a German politician and writer.", "Q3041532": "Juana de la Caridad \"Juanita\" Castro Ruz (born 6 May 1933) is a Cuban activist as well as the sister of Fidel and Ra\u00fal, both former Presidents of Cuba, and Ram\u00f3n, key figure of the Cuban revolution. After collaborating with the Central Intelligence Agency in Cuba, she has lived in the United States since 1964.", "Q214861": "Hartsfield\u2013Jackson Atlanta International Airport (IATA: ATL, ICAO: KATL, FAA LID: ATL), also known as Atlanta Airport, Hartsfield, or Hartsfield\u2013Jackson, is the primary international airport serving Atlanta, Georgia. The airport is located seven miles (11km) south of the Downtown Atlanta district. It is named after former Atlanta mayors William B. Hartsfield and Maynard Jackson. The airport has 192 gates: 152 domestic and 40 international. ATL covers 4,700 acres (1,902 ha) of land and has five parallel runways.Hartsfield\u2013Jackson is the primary hub of Delta Air Lines, and is a focus city for low-cost carriers Frontier Airlines and Southwest Airlines. With just over 1,000 flights a day to 225 domestic and international destinations, the Delta hub is the world's largest airline hub. In addition to hosting Delta's corporate headquarters, Hartsfield\u2013Jackson is also the home of Delta's Technical Operations Center, which is the airline's primary maintenance, repair and overhaul arm.The airport has international service within North America and to South America, Central America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. As an international gateway to the United States, Hartsfield\u2013Jackson ranks seventh in international passenger traffic. Many of the nearly one million annual flights are domestic flights; the airport is a major hub for travel in the southeastern region of the country. Atlanta has been the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998.The airport is mostly in unincorporated areas of Fulton and Clayton counties, but it spills into the city limits of Atlanta, College Park, and Hapeville. The airport's domestic terminal is served by MARTA's Red and Gold rail lines.", "Q166297": "Auguste Scheurer-Kestner (11 February 1833 in Mulhouse (Haut Rhin) \u2013 19 September 1899 in Bagn\u00e8res-de-Luchon (Haute Garonne)) was a chemist, industrialist, a Protestant and an Alsatian politician. He was the uncle by marriage of the wife of Jules Ferry.He was a Republican and opposed the Empire of Napoleon III. He was elected member of for Haut Rhin on 2 July 1871 and became senator for life on 15 September 1875. Twenty years later, he was the last representative of the Alsace French Parliament.\nA close friend of Georges Clemenceau and L\u00e9on Gambetta, he provided the greater part of the funds for the publication of The French Republic newspaper that ran from 1879 to 1884. In 1894, Auguste Scheurer-Kestner as Senior Vice-President of the Senate was considered a moral authority in politics.\nHis brother, Julius Scheurer, stayed in Alsace under German occupation. He was Senator for the Haut Rhin department from 1920 to 1927.", "Q649985": "Asie Reed Payton (April 12, 1937 \u2013 May 19, 1997) was an American blues musician, who lived most of his life in Holly Ridge, Mississippi, in the Mississippi Delta. Born in Washington County, Mississippi, he sang and played the guitar, but made his living as a farmer.Near the end of his life he recorded one album, Worried, for the Fat Possum Records label, which was released after his death. He died of a heart attack.He appeared and performed in the documentary film, You See Me Laughin': The Last of the Hill Country Bluesmen. There is also a track by Payton on the Big Bad Love soundtrack. Payton's song, \"I Love You\" from the album, Worried, was used in the closing credits of the 2002 film, The Badge. Several artists from Fat Possum were featured in the soundtrack, but it was not released.He and his wife Mary are interred at Holly Ridge Cemetery, where Charlie Patton is also buried.", "Q235677": "Linn Natassia Malthe (; born 19 January 1974) is a Norwegian model and actress.", "Q182663": "Samuel Ward King (May 23, 1786 \u2013 January 20, 1851) was the 15th Governor of Rhode Island from 1839 to 1843.\nKing was born in Johnston, Providence County, Rhode Island to William Borden King and Welthian Walton.\nHe attended Brown University but did not graduate. He became a medical doctor and worked as a surgeon during the War of 1812.\nIn 1820 King was elected town clerk of Johnston. He became a Whig when the party was founded, and was a presidential elector in 1832. In 1838 he was elected to the Rhode Island Senate. He first became governor in 1839 when the legislature failed to grant a majority of votes to the three leading contenders. He was elected to three other terms.\nDuring his administration as governor of Rhode Island he took a strong stand against the expanded voting franchise that led to the Dorr Rebellion in 1841 \u2013 1842. President John Tyler refused to send in Federal troops at Governor King's request to suppress the uprising.\nKing married Catherine Latham Angell, with whom he had fourteen children.\nHe is buried in the King family plot in Johnston near the intersection of US Route 6A and Killingly Street.", "Q78721": "Hans Swarowsky (September 16, 1899 \u2013 September 10, 1975) was an Austrian conductor of Hungarian birth.\nSwarowsky was born in Budapest, Hungary. He studied the art of conducting under Felix Weingartner and Richard Strauss. His teachers in musical theory included Arnold Schoenberg and Anton Webern.Herbert von Karajan invited him to take on the permanent position as conductor of the Vienna State Opera.He became a professor of conducting at the Vienna Music Academy. His many conducting students included Claudio Abbado, Alexander Alexeev, Zubin Mehta, Leonid Nikolaev, Paul Angerer, \u00c1d\u00e1m and Iv\u00e1n Fischer, Jes\u00fas L\u00f3pez-Cobos, Gustav Meier, Miltiades Caridis, Aleksandr Alekseyev, Giuseppe Sinopoli, Gianluigi Gelmetti, Brian Jackson, Alfred Prinz, Bryan Fairfax, James Allen G\u00e4hres, Albert Rosen, Mariss Jansons and Bruno Weil. Swarowsky's lectures and essays were collected into the publication Wahrung der Gestalt (Keeping Shape), which today serves as an encyclopaedia for performance and conducting.\nFrom 1957 to 1959 he was chief conductor of the Scottish National Orchestra (now the Royal Scottish N.O.).\nHe died in Salzburg, Austria, less than a week before his 76th birthday.", "Q462574": "Diana, the Hon. Lady Mosley (17 June 1910 \u2013 11 August 2003), born Diana Freeman-Mitford and usually known as Diana Mitford, was one of the Mitford sisters. She was first married to Bryan Walter Guinness, heir to the barony of Moyne, and with whom she was part of the Bright young things social group of Bohemian young aristocrats and socialites in 1920s London. Her marriage ended in divorce as she was pursuing a relationship with Sir Oswald Mosley, 6th Baronet of Ancoats, leader of the British Union of Fascists. She married Mosley at the home of Joseph Goebbels in 1936, with Adolf Hitler as guest of honour. Subsequently, her involvement with Fascist political causes resulted in three years' internment during the Second World War. She later moved to Paris and enjoyed some success as a writer. In the 1950s she contributed diaries to Tatler and edited the magazine The European. In 1977, she published her autobiography, A Life of Contrasts, and two more biographies in the 1980s. Her appearance on the BBC's Desert Island Discs in 1989 was controversial. She was also a regular book reviewer for Books & Bookmen and later at The Evening Standard in the 1990s. A family friend, James Lees-Milne, wrote of her beauty, \"She was the nearest thing to Botticelli's Venus that I have ever seen\". She was described as \"unrepentant\" about her previous political associations by obituary writers such as the historian Andrew Roberts.", "Q67601": "Gisela Agnes of Anhalt-K\u00f6then (21 September 1722, K\u00f6then \u2013 20 April 1751, Dessau) was a princess of Anhalt-K\u00f6then by birth and by marriage Duchess of Anhalt-Dessau.", "Q576273": "Park Ridge is an affluent city in Cook County, Illinois, United States, and a Chicago suburb. The population was 37,480 at the 2010 census. It is located 15 miles (24 km) northwest of downtown Chicago. It is close to O'Hare International Airport, major expressways, and rail transportation. It is a part of the Chicago metropolitan area, bordering three northwestern neighborhoods of Chicago's Far North Side (Edison Park, Norwood Park, and O'Hare.)\nAs its name suggests, Park Ridge lies on a ridge. The soil is abundant with clay deposits, which made it a brick-making center for the developing city of Chicago. Park Ridge was originally called Pennyville to honor George Penny, the businessman who owned the local brickyard along with Robert Meacham. Later it was named Brickton. The Des Plaines River divides Park Ridge from neighboring Des Plaines, Illinois, which is west of Park Ridge. Chicago is south and east of Park Ridge, and Niles and unincorporated Maine Township are to its north.", "Q645167": "Marc-\u00c9douard Nabe (born Alain Marc \u00c9douard Zannini; 27 December 1958) is a French writer, painter and jazz guitarist.\nAfter drawing cartoons for several publications including Hara-Kiri, Nabe published his first book Au r\u00e9gal des vermines in 1985 and caused controversy when he appeared on French television to promote it.After having 27 books published by various French publishers, Nabe announced in 2010 that he was now self-publishing and invented the concept of 'anti-\u00e9dition' ('anti-publishing'), which he described as self-publishing for an author who is already well-known. He was shortlisted for the 2010 Prix Renaudot for his novel L'Homme qui arr\u00eata d'\u00e9crire, which became the first self-published book to be shortlisted for a major literary prize in France.\n\n", "Q785357": "Virginia Military Institute (VMI) is a public military college in Lexington, Virginia. It was founded in 1839 and is the first public Senior Military College in the United States. In keeping with its founding principles and unlike any other Senior Military College in the United States, VMI enrolls cadets (uniformed members of the Corps of Cadets) only and awards baccalaureate degrees exclusively. VMI offers its students, all of whom are cadets, strict military discipline combined with a physically and academically demanding environment. The Institute grants degrees in 14 disciplines in engineering, science, and the liberal arts, and all VMI students are required to participate in ROTC.While VMI has been called \"The West Point of the South\", it differs from the federal military service academies. As of 2019, VMI had a total enrollment of 1,722 cadets. All cadets must participate in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) of the United States Armed Forces programs, but are afforded the flexibility of pursuing civilian endeavors or accepting an officer's commission in any of the active or reserve components of any of the U.S. military branches upon graduation.VMI's alumni include a Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, the current Secretary of the Army, a Nobel Peace Prize winner, 7 Medal of Honor recipients, 13 Rhodes Scholars, Pulitzer Prize winners, an Academy Award winner, an Emmy Award and Golden Globe winner, a martyr recognized by the Episcopal Church, Senators and Representatives, Governors, including the current Governor of Virginia, Lieutenant Governors, a Supreme Court Justice, numerous college and university presidents, many business leaders (presidents and CEOs) and over 290 general and flag officers across all US service branches and several other countries.", "Q218083": "Joshua Winslow \"Grebe\" Groban (born February 27, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, actor, and record producer, who is known for his unusually dusky tenor voice. His first four solo albums have been certified multi-platinum, and he was charted in 2007 as the number-one best selling artist in the United States, with over 22.3 million records. As of 2012, he had sold over 25 million records worldwide.Groban originally studied acting, but moved to singing as his voice developed. Groban attended the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts, a free public school on the campus of California State University, Los Angeles, where students receive a conservatory-style education. David Foster called Groban to stand in for an ailing Andrea Bocelli to rehearse a duet, \"The Prayer\", with Celine Dion at the rehearsal for the 1998 Grammy Awards. Rosie O'Donnell immediately invited him to appear on her talk show. Foster asked him to sing at the California Governor's Gray Davis' 1999 inauguration. He was cast on Ally McBeal by the show's creator, David E. Kelley, performing \"You're Still You\" for the 2001 season four finale.In 2017, he made his Broadway debut as Pierre Bezukhov in Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812, to critical acclaim and a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical nomination. His performance at the 72nd Tony Awards earned him two Primetime Emmy nominations, one for Outstanding Live Variety Special and one for Original Music and Lyrics for the song \"This One's for You\". Groban co-starred as Tony Caruso Jr. in the Netflix original series, The Good Cop.", "Q246699": "Lars \"Lasse\" Johansson (1638 \u2013 August 13, 1674), usually referred to under his pseudonym Lucidor (pronounced [\u02c8l\u0289\u030c\u02d0s\u026ad\u0254r]), was a Swedish baroque poet. He is remembered for his burlesque poetry that is seen as foreshadowing that of Johan Runius and, especially, Carl Michael Bellman, and for his dramatic death in a tumultuous brawl at the Fimmelst\u00e5ngen tavern in Gamla stan in Stockholm. Lasse Johansson wrote under several different pseudonyms, but of these Lucidor (or Lucidor den olycklige, \"Lucidor the Unfortunate\", as he called himself on occasion) is the one under which he is commonly known today.", "Q154543": "D12, an initialism for the Dirty Dozen, was an American hip hop group from Detroit, Michigan. D12 has had chart-topping albums in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. D12 was formed in 1996, and achieved mainstream success after Eminem rose to international fame. The original lineup consisted of the members and their alter egos; this is where Eminem's Slim Shady persona originated. D12 released the album Devil's Night in 2001 and D12 World in 2004, spawning numerous hits such as \"Fight Music\", \"Purple Pills\", \"My Band\", \"How Come\" and \"Shit on You\" throughout that period. Since 2006, Eminem's hiatus and the death of Proof resulted in them being less active in subsequent years. On August 31, 2018, Eminem released a song titled \"Stepping Stone\" on his tenth studio album Kamikaze (2018) announcing that D12 has officially disbanded.", "Q819": "Laos ( (listen), ; Lao: \u0ea5\u0eb2\u0ea7, L\u0101o [l\u00e1\u02d0w]), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: \u0eaa\u0eb2\u0e97\u0eb2\u0ea5\u0eb0\u0e99\u0eb0\u0ea5\u0eb1\u0e94 \u0e9b\u0eb0\u0e8a\u0eb2\u0e97\u0eb4\u0e9b\u0eb0\u0ec4\u0e95 \u0e9b\u0eb0\u0e8a\u0eb2\u0e8a\u0ebb\u0e99\u0ea5\u0eb2\u0ea7, romanized: Sa\u00fealanalat Paxa\u00feipatai Paxax\u014dn Lao; French: R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique populaire lao), is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. At the heart of the Indochinese peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast and Thailand to the west and southwest.Present Laos traces its historic and cultural identity to Lan Xang, which existed from the 14th century to the 18th century as one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. Due to its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade, and became wealthy economically and culturally. After a period of internal conflict, Lan Xang broke into three separate kingdoms\u2014Luang Phrabang, Vientiane, and Champasak. In 1893, the three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now known as Laos. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation, but was recolonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. A post-independence civil war began, which saw the communist resistance, supported by the Soviet Union, fight against the monarchy that later came under influence of military regimes supported by the United States. After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the communist Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil war. Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991.\nIn 2018, the country had the fourth highest GDP (PPP) per capita in Southeast Asia, after Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand and country ranked 139th on the Human Development Index (HDI), indicating medium development. Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie. Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organization in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership. It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing Marxism\u2013Leninism governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party.\nIn Laos, the politically and culturally dominant Lao people make up about 55% of the population, mostly in the lowlands. Mon-Khmer groups, the Hmong, and other indigenous hill tribes live in the foothills and mountains. Laos's strategies for development are based on generating electricity from rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China, and Vietnam, as well as its initiative to become a \"land-linked\" nation, as evidenced by the construction of four new railways connecting Laos and neighbours. Laos has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia and Pacific's Fastest Growing Economies by the World Bank with annual GDP growth averaging 7.7% since 2009.", "Q2993645": "Walter Bright is an American computer programmer who created the D programming language, the Zortech C++ compiler, and the Empire computer game. \nBright was the main developer of the first C++ compiler to translate source code directly to object code without using C as an intermediate, and Zortech C++ (later becoming Symantec C++, now Digital Mars C++). Before designing the C++ compiler, he developed the Datalight C compiler, also sold as Zorland C and later Zortech C.", "Q355197": "Edward Carl Cibrian ( SIB-ree-\u0259n; born June 16, 1973) is an American actor. He played Cole Deschanel on the television series Sunset Beach and has also appeared in films and as a cast member in several other television series, filling such roles as Jimmy Doherty on Third Watch, Russell Varon in Invasion, Jesse Cardoza in CSI: Miami and Eddie Valetik in Take Two.", "Q893676": "Boris Caesar Wilhelm Hagelin (2 July 1892 \u2013 7 September 1983) was a Swedish businessman and inventor of encryption machines.", "Q66279": "Zuzwil (SG) is a village and a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Wil in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q954329": "Jacobo Timerman (6 January 1923 \u2013 11 November 1999), was a Soviet-born Argentine publisher, journalist, and author, who is most noted for his confronting and reporting the atrocities of the Argentine military regime's Dirty War during a period of widespread repression in which an estimated 30,000 political prisoners were disappeared. He was persecuted, tortured and imprisoned by the Argentine junta in the late 1970s and was exiled in 1979 with his wife to Israel. He was widely honored for his work as a journalist and publisher.\nIn Israel, Timerman wrote and published his most well-known book, Prisoner Without A Name, Cell Without a Number (1981), a memoir of his prison experience that added to his international reputation. A longtime Zionist, he also published The Longest War, a strongly critical book about Israel's 1982 Lebanon war.Timerman returned to Argentina in 1984, and testified to the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons. He continued to write, publishing books in 1987 about Chile under the Augusto Pinochet regime and in 1990 about Cuba under Fidel Castro.", "Q172584": "Dean Cyril Reed (September 22, 1938 \u2013 June 13, 1986) was an American actor, singer and songwriter, director, and social activist who lived a great part of his adult life in South America and then in East Germany. Nicknamed the Red Elvis, Reed was the best-selling Western performer in the Socialist countries, with his songs traditionally were topping the local charts, and millions of his records were sold in the Socialist bloc and elsewhere mostly under the Melodiya label. He never renounced his U.S. citizenship and always claimed his life-long faithfulness to the United States albeit often denouncing the U.S. government, and was seen by the Western media as a Communist propaganda beacon.", "Q1262258": "William Pond Baker (born June 14, 1940, in Oakland, California) is a former United States Congressman from California. He attended San Jose State University, from which he earned a business degree. Baker served as a member of the United States Coast Guard reserve from 1957 to 1965.\nAfter graduating from college, Baker worked as a budget analyst for a large financial corporation. He then took a similar job with the California Department of Finance, which he held for four years. Baker worked as the vice president of a Taxpayers Association until he successfully ran for a seat in the California State Assembly as a Republican in 1980. He served six terms in a district that included portions of Contra Costa and Alameda Counties. In 1992, Baker ran for Congress and served two terms in the House before losing reelection in 1996 to Ellen Tauscher. Baker was a political conservative.\nAfter leaving Congress, Baker returned to the field of finance, and was a partner in the Baker, Brose & Mitsutome investment management firm.\n\n", "Q5809": "Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara (;Spanish: [\u02c8t\u0283e \u0263e\u02c8\u03b2a\u027ea] 14 June 1928 \u2013 9 October 1967) was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous countercultural symbol of rebellion and global insignia in popular culture.As a young medical student, Guevara traveled throughout South America and was radicalized by the poverty, hunger, and disease he witnessed. His burgeoning desire to help overturn what he saw as the capitalist exploitation of Latin America by the United States prompted his involvement in Guatemala's social reforms under President Jacobo \u00c1rbenz, whose eventual CIA-assisted overthrow at the behest of the United Fruit Company solidified Guevara's political ideology. Later in Mexico City, Guevara met Ra\u00fal and Fidel Castro, joined their 26th of July Movement, and sailed to Cuba aboard the yacht Granma with the intention of overthrowing U.S.-backed Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. Guevara soon rose to prominence among the insurgents, was promoted to second in command and played a pivotal role in the victorious two-year guerrilla campaign that deposed the Batista regime.Following the Cuban Revolution, Guevara performed a number of key roles in the new government. These included reviewing the appeals and firing squads for those convicted as war criminals during the revolutionary tribunals, instituting agrarian land reform as minister of industries, helping spearhead a successful nationwide literacy campaign, serving as both national bank president and instructional director for Cuba's armed forces, and traversing the globe as a diplomat on behalf of Cuban socialism. Such positions also allowed him to play a central role in training the militia forces who repelled the Bay of Pigs Invasion, and bringing Soviet nuclear-armed ballistic missiles to Cuba, which preceded the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Additionally, Guevara was a prolific writer and diarist, composing a seminal manual on guerrilla warfare, along with a best-selling memoir about his youthful continental motorcycle journey. His experiences and studying of Marxism\u2013Leninism led him to posit that the Third World's underdevelopment and dependence was an intrinsic result of imperialism, neocolonialism and monopoly capitalism, with the only remedy being proletarian internationalism and world revolution. Guevara left Cuba in 1965 to foment revolution abroad, first unsuccessfully in Congo-Kinshasa and later in Bolivia, where he was captured by CIA-assisted Bolivian forces and summarily executed.Guevara remains both a revered and reviled historical figure, polarized in the collective imagination in a multitude of biographies, memoirs, essays, documentaries, songs, and films. As a result of his perceived martyrdom, poetic invocations for class struggle, and desire to create the consciousness of a \"new man\" driven by moral rather than material incentives, Guevara has evolved into a quintessential icon of various leftist movements. His critics note that he killed political opponents, and eliminated the free press. Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century, while an Alberto Korda photograph of him, titled Guerrillero Heroico (shown), was cited by the Maryland Institute College of Art as \"the most famous photograph in the world\".", "Q48184": "Gy\u00f6rgy Kurt\u00e1g (Hungarian: [\u02c8\u025f\u00f8r\u025f \u02c8kurta\u02d0\u0261]; born 19 February 1926) is a Hungarian classical composer and pianist. He was an academic teacher of piano at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music from 1967, later also of chamber music, and taught until 1993.", "Q1983106": "Reggie McBride (born September 17, 1954) is an American bass player.", "Q77374": "Gerhard J. Bellinger (born 11 March 1931) is a German theologian, university professor of the New Testament, the history of Christianity, and the history of religions at Dortmund University of Technology.", "Q1948511": "Morris Levy (August 27, 1927 \u2013 May 21, 1990) was an American entrepreneur in the fields of jazz clubs, music publishing, and the independent record industry. He is known widely as the founder and owner of Roulette Records, the Birdland jazz club and the Roulette Room.At the peak of his businesses, Levy owned more than 90 companies employing 900 people, including record-pressing plants, tape-duplicating plants, a distribution company, a prominent New England chain of 81 record stores (Strawberries), and numerous record labels.\nLevy, who went by \"Moishe\" or \"Mo\" within the record industry, was described by Billboard magazine as \"one of the record industry's most controversial and flamboyant players\" and by Variety as \"The Octopus\", for his far-reaching control, disproportionate to the size of his companies, in every area of the record business. AllMusic described him as \"a notorious crook who swindled artists out of their owed royalties.\" Levy was widely known for falsely taking writing credit in order to receive royalties\u2014enriching himself at the expense of many of his signed artists, especially black R&B artists.Levy was convicted of extortion in 1990, on charges from an FBI investigation of the alleged infiltration of organized crime into the record business. Levy died after losing an appeal, two months before he was scheduled to report to prison.", "Q972488": "Mildred Miller (born December 16, 1924) is an American classical mezzo-soprano who had a major career performing in operas, concerts, and recitals during the mid twentieth century. She was notably a principal artist at the Metropolitan Opera from 1951 through 1974. In 1978 she founded the Opera Theater of Pittsburgh, serving as the company's Artistic Director through 1999.\nAs a performer, Miller won particular acclaim for her singing of German Lieder and recorded with, among others, conductor Bruno Walter, with whom she won a Grand Prix du Disque for Mahler's Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen. On the opera stage she became known for her portrayal of pants roles (in particular the role of Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro), garnering the nickname \"Legs Miller\". She is a Gold Medal recipient from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and holds honorary degrees from the Cleveland Institute of Music, the New England Conservatory, Bowling Green State University, and Washington & Jefferson College.", "Q325470": "Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai (12 August 1919 \u2013 30 December 1971) was an Indian physicist and astronomer who initiated space research and helped develop nuclear power in India. He was honoured with Padma Bhushan in 1966 and the Padma Vibhushan (posthumously) in 1972. He is internationally regarded as the Father of the Indian Space Program.", "Q697747": "Tsiang Tingfu (Chinese: \u8523\u5ef7\u9efb; pinyin: Ji\u01ceng T\u00edngf\u00fa; 17 February 1895 \u2013 9 October 1965), was a historian and diplomat of the Republic of China who published in English under the name T.F. Tsiang.\n\n", "Q331405": "Viy (Spirit of Evil or Vii, Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0439) is a 1967 Soviet horror film directed by Konstantin Yershov and Georgi Kropachyov. Based on the story of the same name by Nikolai Gogol, the film's screenplay was written by Yershov, Kropachyov and Aleksandr Ptushko. The film was distributed by Mosfilm, and was the first Soviet-era horror film to be officially released in the USSR.", "Q90289": "Fritz Wolffheim (30 October 1888 \u2013 17 March 1942) was a German communist politician and writer. He was a leading figure in the National Bolshevism tendency that was briefly influential in Germany after World War I.", "Q96820": "Johannes Kahrs (born 15 September 1963 in Bremen) is a German politician. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.", "Q265726": "Theresia Anna Lilian Maria \"Teri\" Shields (n\u00e9e Schmon; August 1, 1933 \u2013 October 31, 2012) was an American actress, film producer, socialite, and model.", "Q542868": "Junior Wells (born Amos Wells Blakemore Jr., December 9, 1934 \u2013 January 15, 1998) was an American Chicago blues vocalist, harmonica player, and recording artist. He was one of the pioneers of the amplified blues harp-style associated with Chicago. Wells is best known for his signature song \"Messin' with the Kid\" and his 1965 album Hoodoo Man Blues, described by the critic Bill Dahl as \"one of the truly classic blues albums of the 1960s\".Wells performed and recorded with Various notable blues musicians, including Muddy Waters, Earl Hooker, and Buddy Guy. He remained a fixture on the blues scene throughout his career and also crossed over to rock audiences while touring with the Rolling Stones. Not long before Wells died, the blues historian Gerard Herzhaft called him \"one of the rare active survivors of the 'golden age of the blues'\".\n\n", "Q1750009": "The Sonnighorn (it Pizzo Bottarello) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the Swiss-Italian border. The closest locality is Saas Almagell on the west side.", "Q171112": "Pope Alexander II (1010/1015 \u2013 21 April 1073), born Anselm of Baggio, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 1061 to his death in 1073. Born in Milan, Anselm was deeply involved in the Pataria reform movement. Elected according to the terms of his predecessor's bull, In nomine Domini, Anselm's was the first election by the cardinals without the participation of the people and minor clergy of Rome.", "Q15308": "The Speer (1,951 m) is a mountain in the Appenzell Alps, overlooking the region between Lake Zurich and Lake Walenstadt in the canton of St. Gallen.\nBeing easily accessible, the summit is popular for its panoramic view of the Alps from central to eastern Switzerland. The ascent, however, involves a few hours of hiking.", "Q243118": "Chilperic I (c. 539 \u2013 September 584) was the king of Neustria (or Soissons) from 561 to his death. He was one of the sons of the Frankish king Clotaire I and Queen Aregund.", "Q88559": "Val\u00e9rie von Martens (4 November 1894 \u2013 7 April 1986), born Val\u00e9rie Paj\u00e9r Edle von Mayersperg, was a German-Austrian actress.\nVal\u00e9rie von Martens was born in Lienz, Tirol, daughter of the Austrian admiral Rudolf Paj\u00e9r Edler von Mayersperg. She was an actress in Vienna when she had a relationship with the cabaret artist Karl Farkas. In 1922 she met the actor Curt Goetz. They married on 20 December 1923 in Berlin. She then appeared with him on stage and screen, mainly in pieces written or directed by him. She co-directed the 1951 film The House in Montevideo with Goetz in which they featured in the lead roles.She died in Riehen, Switzerland, and is buried in the Heerstrasse cemetery in Berlin, alongside her husband.", "Q1164068": "The National Technical University \"Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute\" (NTU \"KhPI\") ((Ukrainian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \"\u0425\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\")), in the city of Kharkiv, is the largest and oldest technical university in eastern Ukraine. Founded in 1885, it is the second-oldest technical university in the former Russian Empire (after Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology) and in the territory of modern Ukraine (after Lviv Polytechnic).", "Q65837": "K\u00e4nerkinden is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q7159": "The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa. The AU was announced in the Sirte Declaration in Sirte, Libya, on 9 September 1999, calling for the establishment of the African Union. The bloc was founded on 26 May 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and launched on 9 July 2002 in Durban, South Africa. The intention of the AU was to replace the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), established on 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa by 32 signatory governments; the OAU was disbanded on 9 July 2002. The most important decisions of the AU are made by the Assembly of the African Union, a semi-annual meeting of the heads of state and government of its member states. The AU's secretariat, the African Union Commission, is based in Addis Ababa. The largest city in the AU is Lagos, Nigeria, while the largest urban agglomeration is Cairo, Egypt.\nThe African Union has just over 1 billion people and an area of around 29 million km2 (11 million sq mi) and includes popular world landmarks, including the Sahara desert and the Nile river. The primary languages spoken include Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili, and other languages of Africa. Within the African Union, there are official bodies such as the Peace and Security Council and the Pan-African Parliament.", "Q1396252": "Gustav P\u00fcttjer (May 15, 1886 \u2013 August 11, 1959) was a German film actor who appeared in around 150 feature films between 1927 and 1959. He largely played character parts. After the Second World War he settled in East Germany appearing in the films of the state-controlled company DEFA.", "Q461684": "M\u00e4dchen, M\u00e4dchen (English: Girls, Girls), also known as Girls on Top, is a 2001 German film directed by Dennis Gansel. Its story is about an eighteen-year-old girl named Inken (Diana Amft), who is frustrated at not having had an orgasm yet with her boyfriend. Her two best friends are Vicky (Felicitas Woll), who is in the same situation as Inken, and the still virgin Lena (Karoline Herfurth). The movie is about the girls' search to find someone to give them an orgasm. The film was followed by a 2004 sequel, M\u00e4dchen, M\u00e4dchen 2 - Loft oder Liebe. The film had over 1,700,000 admissions in Germany and grossed $233,538 in Russia.", "Q863368": "A game programmer is a software engineer, programmer, or computer scientist who primarily develops codebases for video games or related software, such as game development tools. Game programming has many specialized disciplines, all of which fall under the umbrella term of \"game programmer\". A game programmer should not be confused with a game designer, who works on game design.", "Q6247": "Mantua (; Italian: Mantova [\u02c8mantova] (listen); Lombard and Latin: Mantua) is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name.\nIn 2016, Mantua became Italian Capital of Culture. In 2017, Mantua was the European Capital of Gastronomy, included in the Eastern Lombardy District (together with the cities of Bergamo, Brescia, and Cremona).\nIn 2007, Mantua's centro storico (old town) and Sabbioneta were declared by UNESCO to be a World Heritage Site. Mantua's historic power and influence under the Gonzaga family has made it one of the main artistic, cultural, and especially musical hubs of Northern Italy and the country as a whole. Mantua is noted for its significant role in the history of opera; the city is also known for its architectural treasures and artifacts, elegant palaces, and the medieval and Renaissance cityscape. It is the place where the composer Monteverdi premiered his opera L'Orfeo and where Romeo was banished in Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. It is the nearest town to the birthplace of the Roman poet Virgil, who was commemorated by a statue at the lakeside park \"Piazza Virgiliana\".\nMantua is surrounded on three sides by artificial lakes, created during the 12th century as the city's defence system. These lakes receive water from the Mincio River, a tributary of the Po River which descends from Lake Garda. The three lakes are called Lago Superiore, Lago di Mezzo, and Lago Inferiore (\"Upper\", \"Middle\", and \"Lower\" Lakes, respectively). A fourth lake, Lake Pajolo, which once served as a defensive water ring around the city, dried up at the end of the 18th century.\nThe area and its environs are important not only in naturalistic terms, but also anthropologically and historically; research has highlighted a number of human settlements scattered between Barche di Solferino and Bande di Cavriana, Castellaro and Isolone del Mincio. These dated, without interruption, from Neolithic times (5th\u20134th millennium BC) to the Bronze Age (2nd\u20131st millennium BC) and the Gallic phases (2nd\u20131st centuries BC), and ended with Roman residential settlements, which could be traced to the 3rd century AD.\nIn 2017, Legambiente ranked Mantua as the best Italian city for the quality of the life and environment.", "Q62180": "Hans Eichel (born 24 December 1941) is a German politician (SPD) and the co-founder of the G20, or \"Group of Twenty\", an international forum for the governments and central bank governors of twenty developed and developing nations to discuss policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability.\nHe was Germany's Minister of Finance between 1999 and 2005.\nEichel was chairman of the G7 in 1999 and chairman of the G20 in 2004. Before that, Eichel served as the 6th Minister President of Hesse from 1991 to 1999 and as the 52nd President of the Bundesrat in 1998/99.\nDuring his time in office, Eichel played a very important role in two landmark reforms - the far reaching reform of German society and economy (also known as Agenda 2010) and the creation of the G-20 to reflect the rebalancing of world power. Some argue that Agenda 2010 helped turn Germany from the 'sick man of Europe' into the best performing major Western economy in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. While some parties regarded it as the most successful economic reforms in Germany in over half a century, as well as in any G7 country in 30 years, it also created massive controversy and protests. The effects of the Agenda 2010 on German economic development remain disputed.As chairman of the G7, Eichel initiated the creation of the G20 together with then US Treasury Secretary Larry Summers and hosted its inaugural meeting in Berlin. The G20 rapidly grew to become the most influential economic body in the world. Eichel went on to serve as chairman of the G20 in 2004, when he pressed for the reforming of the international financial architecture and establishing a code of conduct on preventing financial crises.", "Q382036": "Ronald Arthur Silver (July 2, 1946 \u2013 March 15, 2009) was an American actor, director, producer, radio host, and political activist. As an actor, he portrayed Henry Kissinger, Alan Dershowitz and Angelo Dundee. He was awarded a Tony in 1988 for Best Actor for Speed-the-Plow, a satirical dissection of the American movie business.", "Q318108": "Mario Armando Lavandeira Jr. (born March 23, 1978), known professionally as Perez Hilton, is an American blogger, columnist, and media personality. His blog, PerezHilton.com (formerly PageSixSixSix.com), is known for posts covering gossip items about celebrities. He is also known for posting tabloid photos over which he has added his own captions or \"doodles\". His blog has garnered controversy for its attitude, its (former) practice of outing of alleged closeted celebrities, and its role in the increasing coverage of celebrities in all forms of media.\nIn addition to his blogging, Hilton has written three books, hosts a podcast with Chris Booker, runs two YouTube channels, and has acted in two off-Broadway shows. In 2018, he was dubbed \"the original celebrity social media influencer\" by BroadwayWorld.", "Q311892": "William Louis Petersen (born February 21, 1953) is an American actor and producer. He is best known for his role as Gil Grissom in the CBS drama series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2000\u20132015), for which he won a Screen Actors Guild Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award; he was further nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards as a producer of the show.He also starred in the films To Live and Die in L.A. (1985), Manhunter (1986), Young Guns II (1990), Fear (1996), The Contender (2000), Detachment (2011), and Seeking a Friend for the End of the World (2012).", "Q724406": "Derek and the Dominos were an English\u2013American blues-rock band formed in the spring of 1970 by guitarist and singer Eric Clapton, keyboardist and singer Bobby Whitlock, bassist Carl Radle and drummer Jim Gordon. All four members had previously played together in Delaney & Bonnie and Friends, during and after Clapton's brief tenure with Blind Faith. Dave Mason supplied additional lead guitar on early studio sessions and played at their first live gig. Another participant at their first session as a band was George Harrison, the recording for whose album All Things Must Pass marked the formation of Derek and the Dominos.\nThe band released only one studio album, Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs, produced by Tom Dowd, which also featured extensive contributions on lead and slide guitar from Duane Allman. A double album, Layla did not immediately enjoy strong sales or receive widespread radio airplay, but went on to earn critical acclaim. Although released in 1970 it was not until March 1972 that the album's single \"Layla\" (a tale of unrequited love inspired by Clapton's infatuation with his friend Harrison's wife, Pattie Boyd) made the top ten in both the United States and the United Kingdom. The album is often considered to be the defining achievement of Clapton's career.", "Q242206": "Bree Nicole Turner (born March 10, 1977) is an American dancer and actress; she is best known for her role as Rosalee on Grimm.", "Q116189": "Bruno Todeschini (born 19 September 1962) is a Franco-Swiss actor.", "Q91008": "Lotte Toberentz, born Maria Charlotte Toberentz (May 27, 1900 \u2013 date of death unknown) was the head overseer of the Uckermark concentration camp for girls in its early years. From December 1944 to April 1945 she was Lagerf\u00fchrerin (camp leader) of the Ravensbr\u00fcck concentration camp.\nShe was tried in the Third Ravensbr\u00fcck Trials at Hamburg in 1948 for her role as Camp Leader at Uckermark. She was acquitted of all crimes due to a lack of evidence. However, the indictment included only crimes against Allied nationals and German non-conformist girls and young women prisoners. It is clear that she was not tried for crimes in Ravensbrueck Concentration Camp. Freed after the trial, Toberentz became an official in the German police force.\nThere is evidence of SS Wardress complicity in the crimes of the Camp Administration. \"In late 1944, SS women in Ravensbrueck set up next to the crematorium a provisional gas chamber. Here the SS from late Jan to April 1945 gassed 5 to 6,000 detainees.\" Also, the US Holocaust Museum shows that \"in late March 1945, the SS transported about 5,600 female prisoners from Ravensbr\u00fcck to the Mauthausen and Bergen-Belsen concentration camps. In April 1945, the SS guards forced about 20,000 female prisoners, as well as most of the remaining male prisoners, on a brutal and forced evacuation on foot toward northern Mecklenberg.\"", "Q3571955": "Yassine Brahim (Arabic: \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u200e; born 20 February 1966 in Mahdia, Tunisia) is a Tunisian engineer, manager and politician. Leader of the secular liberal Afek Tounes party, he was appointed Minister of Development, Investment and International Cooperation in February 2015.", "Q488754": "Gaetano Arf\u00e9 (12 November 1925, Somma Vesuviana \u2013 13 September 2007) was an Italian politician, historian, and journalist. From 1966 to 1976 he published the Avanti!, the official newspaper of the Italian Socialist Party, whom he represented as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1979 to 1984. He died at the age of 81 on September 13, 2007 in Naples.", "Q173705": "Grasse (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0261\u0281as]; Proven\u00e7al Occitan: Grassa in classical norm or Grasso in Mistralian norm [\u02c8\u0261\u027eas\u0254]; traditional Italian: Grassa) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department (of which it is a sub-prefecture), on the French Riviera.\nThe town is considered the world's capital of perfume. It obtained two flowers in the Concours des villes et villages fleuris contest and was made \"Ville d'Art et d'Histoire\" (town of art and history).", "Q443343": "Jeffrey DeMunn (born April 25, 1947) is an American stage, film and television actor known for playing Captain Esteridge in The Hitcher (1986), Sheriff Herb Geller in The Blob (1988), Andrei Chikatilo in Citizen X (1995), Harry Terwilliger in The Green Mile (1999), Dale Horvath in The Walking Dead (2010\u20132012), and Chuck Rhoades, Sr. in Billions (2016\u2013present).", "Q1679276": "Paul Nash (February 19, 1948 \u2013 January 20, 2005) was an American jazz guitarist and composer.", "Q332093": "Confetti is a 2006 British mockumentary romantic comedy film released on 5 May 2006. It was conceived and directed by Debbie Isitt and stars many acclaimed British comedians, including Jessica Stevenson, Jimmy Carr, Martin Freeman, Mark Heap, Julia Davis, Robert Webb and Olivia Colman. It follows a bridal magazine competition for the most original wedding, the ultimate prize being a house, and the three couples who are chosen to compete. The film follows the contestants in a fly-on-the-wall documentary style, akin to The Office. The script is entirely improvised.\n\n", "Q70584": "Donneloye is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q19532": "J\u0101nis Akuraters (13 January 1876 \u2013 25 July 1937) was a Latvian poet, writer, playwright and politician. He founded the Latvian National Theatre in 1919 and was director of Radio of Riga between 1930 and 1934.", "Q84363": "Friedrich Freiherr von der Trenck (16 February 1726 \u2013 25 July 1794) was a Prussian officer, adventurer, and author.", "Q240377": "Amanda MacKinnon Gaiman Palmer (born April 30, 1976) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, author, and performance artist who was the lead vocalist, pianist, and lyricist of the duo The Dresden Dolls. She performs as a solo artist, and was also one-half of the duo Evelyn Evelyn, and the lead singer and songwriter of Amanda Palmer and the Grand Theft Orchestra.", "Q709594": "Trevor George Lucas (25 December 1943 \u2013 4 February 1989) was an Australian folk singer, a member of Fairport Convention and one of the founders of Fotheringay. He mainly worked as a singer-songwriter and guitarist but also produced many albums and composed for the film industry toward the end of his career. He married three times, his first wife was Cheryl (1964 \u2013 ca. 1969), his second wife was fellow folk musician Sandy Denny (1973\u20131978), and his third wife was Elizabeth Hurtt-Lucas (ca. 1979\u20131989). Lucas died on 4 February 1989 of a heart attack in his sleep, in Sydney, aged 45. He was survived by Hurtt-Lucas, his daughter, Georgia Rose Lucas (by Denny), and his son, Clancy Hurtt-Lucas. According to Australia rock music historian, Ian McFarlane, Lucas \"was one of the most acclaimed singer-songwriters Australia ever produced and although he was held in high regard in UK folk rock circles, he remained virtually unknown in his homeland\".", "Q40321": "David Khari Webber Chappelle (; born August 24, 1973) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, writer, and producer. Chappelle is the recipient of numerous accolades, including two Emmy Awards and three Grammy Awards as well as a Mark Twain Prize. He is known for his satirical comedy sketch series Chappelle's Show (2003\u20132006). The series, co-written with Neal Brennan, ran until Chappelle's retirement from the show two years later. After leaving the show, Chappelle returned to performing stand-up comedy across the U.S. By 2006, Chappelle was called the \"comic genius of America\" by Esquire and, in 2013, \"the best\" by a Billboard writer. In 2017, Rolling Stone ranked him No. 9 in their \"50 Best Stand Up Comics of All Time.\"Chappelle has appeared in several films, including Mel Brooks's Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993), The Nutty Professor (1996), Con Air (1997), You've Got Mail (1998), Blue Streak (1999), Undercover Brother (2002), Chi-Raq (2015), and A Star Is Born (2018). His first lead role was in the 1998 comedy film Half Baked, which he co-wrote with Neal Brennan. Chappelle also starred in the ABC comedy series Buddies (1996).\nIn 2016, he signed a $20 million-per-release comedy-special deal with Netflix and, as of 2019, he has released five standup specials under the deal.Chappelle received his first Emmy Award in 2017 for his guest appearance on Saturday Night Live. In 2018, he received a Grammy Award for his Netflix-produced comedy album The Age of Spin and Deep in the Heart of Texas. Equanimity, another Netflix special, was nominated in 2018 for three Emmys and received the award for Outstanding Variety Special (Pre-Recorded). In 2019, Chappelle was selected to receive the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor, which is presented by the Kennedy Center as America's highest comedy honor. In 2020, Sticks & Stones earned Chappelle his third consecutive Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album.", "Q323820": "Circus of Fear (German: Das R\u00e4tsel des silbernen Dreieck / Mystery of the Silver Triangle), also Scotland Yard auf hei\u00dfer Spur, also Circus of Terror) is a 1966 Anglo-German international co-production thriller film starring Christopher Lee, Suzy Kendall, Leo Genn and Cecil Parker. The U.S. title was Psycho-Circus. It was based on the novel Again the Three Just Men by Edgar Wallace (1928).It was shot at Hammer Film's Bray Studios in Berkshire and on location around London.The film was partially shot at Billy Smart's Circus. The film was co-produced by the leading German distributor Constantin Film, which was at the same time releasing Rialto Film's long-running series of Wallace adaptations in Germany. Several of the cast Heinz Drache, Eddi Arent and Klaus Kinski were regular performers in that series and were added to this production to appeal to German audiences. Werner Jacobs directed the version release in West Germany.", "Q879456": "Reinhold Heil (born 1954) is a German-born film and television composer based in Los Angeles. He is known for his frequent collaborations with Australian composer Johnny Klimek and director Tom Tykwer on films such as Run Lola Run and Cloud Atlas.", "Q986": "Eritrea ( (listen)), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa in East Africa, with its capital at Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi), and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands.\nEritrea is a multi-ethnic country, with nine recognized ethnic groups in its population of around 3 million. Eritrea has nine national languages which are Tigrinya language, Tigre, Afar, Beja, Bilen, Kunama, Nara, Saho. Tigrinya, Arabic, and English serve as the three working languages. Most residents speak languages from the Afroasiatic family, either of the Ethiopian Semitic languages or Cushitic branches. Among these communities, the Tigrinyas make up about 55% of the population, with the Tigre people constituting around 30% of inhabitants. In addition, there are a number of Nilo-Saharan-speaking Nilotic ethnic minorities. Most people in the territory adhere to Islam or Christianity.The Kingdom of Aksum, covering much of modern-day Eritrea and northern Ethiopia, was established during the first or second centuries AD. It adopted Christianity around the middle of the fourth century. In medieval times much of Eritrea fell under the Medri Bahri kingdom, with a smaller region being part of Hamasien.\nThe creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. After the defeat of the Italian colonial army in 1942, Eritrea was administered by the British Military Administration until 1952. Following the UN General Assembly decision, in 1952, Eritrea would govern itself with a local Eritrean parliament but for foreign affairs and defense it would enter into a federal status with Ethiopia for a period of 10 years. However, in 1962 the government of Ethiopia annulled the Eritrean parliament and formally annexed Eritrea, but the Eritreans who had argued for complete Eritrean independence since the ouster of the Italians in 1941 anticipated what was coming and, in 1961, organized the Eritrean Liberation Front in opposition. In 1991, after 30 years of continuous armed struggle for independence, the Eritrean liberation fighters entered the capital city, Asmara, in victory.\nThe sovereign state is a totalitarian one-party dictatorship in which national legislative and presidential elections have never been held since independence. According to Human Rights Watch, the Eritrean government's human rights record is among the worst in the world. The Eritrean government has dismissed these allegations as politically motivated. The compulsory military service requires long, indefinite conscription periods (6.5 years on average), which some Eritreans leave the country to avoid. Because all local media is state-owned, Eritrea was also ranked as having the third-least press freedom in the global Press Freedom Index, behind North Korea and Turkmenistan.\nThe sovereign state of Eritrea is a member of the African Union, the United Nations, and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, and is an observer state in the Arab League alongside Brazil, Venezuela and Turkey.", "Q220483": "Michael F. Wilton (born February 23, 1962) also known as The Whip, for how fast his fingers \"whip\" around the guitar fretboard, heavy metal and hard rock guitarist and songwriter, best known for being a lead and rhythm guitarist and songwriter in the progressive metal band Queensr\u00ffche, which he co-founded in 1982.", "Q5028": "Britta Thomsen (born 23 January 1954 in Aalborg) is a Danish politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2014. She is a member of the Social Democrats, which is part of the Party of European Socialists.\nIn parliament, Thomsen served as vice-chair of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy. She was also a member of the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality, a substitute for the Committee on Development, and vice-chair of the delegation for relations with South Africa. She supported the Manifesto of the Spinelli Group.", "Q76693": "Rudolf Hell (19 December 1901 \u2013 11 March 2002) was a German inventor. He was born in Eggm\u00fchl, Germany.\nFrom 1919 to 1923 he studied electrical engineering in Munich. \nHe worked there from 1923 to 1929 as assistant of Prof. Max Dieckmann, with whom he operated a television station at the Verkehrsausstellung (lit.: Traffic exhibition) in Munich in 1925. In the same year Hell invented an apparatus called the Hellschreiber, an early forerunner to impact dot matrix printers and faxes. Hell received a patent for the Hellschreiber in 1929.\nIn the year 1929 he founded his own company in Babelsberg, Berlin. After World War II he re-founded his company in Kiel. He kept on working as an engineer and invented machines for electronically controlled engraving of printing plates and an electronic photo typesetting system called digiset marketed in the US as VideoComp by RCA and later by III.\nHe has received numerous awards such as the Knight Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Gutenberg Prize awarded by the City of Mainz, the Werner von Siemens Ring and the Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor from the German Eduard Rhein Foundation (1992).His company was taken over by Siemens AG in 1981 and merged with Linotype in 1990, becoming Linotype-Hell AG.\nRudolf Hell died in Kiel, Germany.\nHellschreiber is still in use today by Amateur Radio (Ham) operators around the world. The Feld Hell Club holds monthly contests and gives out awards for hams who make contacts using this unique mode of communication.", "Q59670": "Columbia is a city in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is the county seat of Boone County and home to the University of Missouri. Founded in 1821, it is the principal city of the five-county Columbia metropolitan area. It is Missouri's fourth most-populous and fastest growing city, with an estimated 123,180 residents in 2018.As a Midwestern college town, Columbia has a reputation for progressive politics, persuasive journalism, and public art. The tripartite establishment of Stephens College (1833), the University of Missouri (1839), and Columbia College (1851), which surround the city's Downtown to the east, south, and north, has made the city a center of learning. At its center is 8th Street, also known as the Avenue of the Columns, which connects Francis Quadrangle and Jesse Hall to the Boone County Courthouse and the City Hall. Originally an agricultural town, the cultivation of the mind is Columbia's chief economic concern today. Never a major center of manufacturing, the city also depends on healthcare, insurance, and technology businesses. Companies such as Shelter Insurance, Carfax, Veterans United Home Loans, and Slackers CDs and Games, were founded in the city. Cultural institutions include the State Historical Society of Missouri, the Museum of Art and Archaeology, and the annual True/False Film Festival and The Roots N Blues N BBQ Festival. The Missouri Tigers, the state's only major college athletic program, play football at Faurot Field and basketball at Mizzou Arena as members of the rigorous Southeastern Conference.\nThe city rests upon the forested hills and rolling prairies of Mid-Missouri, near the Missouri River valley, where the Ozark Mountains begin to transform into plains and savanna. Limestone forms bluffs and glades while rain dissolves the bedrock, creating caves and springs which water the Hinkson, Roche Perche, and Bonne Femme creeks. Surrounding the city, Rock Bridge Memorial State Park, Mark Twain National Forest, and Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge form a greenbelt preserving sensitive and rare environments. The Columbia Agriculture Park is home to the Columbia Farmers Market.\nThe first humans who entered the area at least 12,000 years ago were nomadic hunters. Later, woodland tribes lived in villages along waterways and built mounds in high places. The Osage and Missouria nations were expelled by the exploration of French traders and the rapid settlement of American pioneers. The latter arrived by the Boone's Lick Road and hailed from the culture of the Upland South, especially Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. From 1812, the Boonslick area played a pivotal role in Missouri's early history and the nation's westward expansion. German, Irish, and other European immigrants soon joined. The modern populace is unusually diverse, over 8% foreign-born. White and black people are the largest ethnicities, and people of Asian descent are the third-largest group. The city has been called the \"Athens of Missouri\" for its classic beauty and educational emphasis, but is more commonly called \"CoMo\".", "Q46750": "Valerian (; Latin: Publius Licinius Valerianus Augustus; 193/195/200 \u2013 260 or 264), also known as Valerian the Elder, was Roman Emperor from 22 October 253 AD to spring 260 AD. He was taken captive by the Persian Emperor, Shapur I, after the Battle of Edessa, becoming the first Roman emperor to be captured as a prisoner of war, causing shock and instability throughout the Roman Empire.\nThe unprecedented event and the unknown fate of the captured emperor generated a variety of different reactions and \"new narratives about the Roman Empire in diverse contexts\".", "Q511377": "Sara Gallardo Drago Mitre (23 December 1931 \u2013 14 June 1988) was an influential Argentine author and journalist.\n\n", "Q2415122": "Babatunde Omoroga Adebimpe (born February 26, 1975) is an American musician, singer-songwriter, actor, director, and visual artist best known as the lead singer of the Brooklyn-based band TV on the Radio.", "Q121043": "Peter Vo\u00df (29 June 1891 \u2013 9 January 1979) was a German film actor.", "Q1061104": "The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) is a public research university in San Francisco, California. It is part of the University of California system and it is dedicated entirely to health science. It is a major center of medical and biological research and teaching.UCSF was founded as Toland Medical College in 1864, and in 1873 it affiliated itself with the University of California, becoming its Medical Department. In the same year, it incorporated the California College of Pharmacy and in 1881 it established a dentistry school. Its facilities were located in both Berkeley and San Francisco. In 1964, the school gained full administrative independence as a campus of the UC system headed by a chancellor, and in 1970 it gained its current name. Historically based at Parnassus Heights and several other locations throughout the city, in the early 2000s it developed a second major campus in the newly redeveloped Mission Bay. As of October 2018, nine Nobel laureates have been affiliated with UCSF as faculty members or researchers, and the University has been the site of many scientific breakthroughs.The UCSF Medical Center is the nation's 7th-ranked hospital and California's 2nd highest-ranked hospital according to U.S. News & World Report. With 25,398 employees, UCSF is the second largest public agency employer in the San Francisco Bay Area. UCSF faculty have treated patients and trained residents since 1873 at the San Francisco General Hospital and for over 50 years at the San Francisco VA Medical Center. The UCSF School of Medicine is the oldest medical school in the Western United States and is highly ranked by international and national rankings of prestige and funding. The UCSF Graduate Division offers 19 PhD programs, 11 MS programs, two certificates and a physical therapy program.", "Q242560": "Julieta Susana Gonzalo (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u029duli \u0263on\u02c8salo]; born September 9, 1981) is an Argentine actress. She is best known for playing Pamela Rebecca Barnes on the television soap opera Dallas (2012\u20132014). She has also appeared in films such as Freaky Friday (2003), A Cinderella Story (2004) and Christmas with the Kranks (2004).", "Q2082917": "Akihiro Hino (\u65e5\u91ce \u6643\u535a, Hino Akihiro) (born July 20, 1968) is a Japanese video game designer and businessman. Starting his career as a programmer in the 1990s, he later took on roles in writing, design, directing and producing. He founded Level-5 in 1998, where he remains its president and CEO.", "Q457450": "Fletcher Knebel (October 1, 1911 \u2013 February 26, 1993) was an American author of several popular works of political fiction.\nKnebel was born in Dayton, Ohio, but relocated a number of times during his youth. He graduated from high school in Yonkers, New York, spent a year studying at the University of Paris and graduated from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio during 1934. Upon graduation, he received a job offer from the newspaper Coatesville Record of Coatesville, Pennsylvania. He spent the next 20 years working for newspapers, eventually becoming the political columnist for Cowles Publications. From 1951 to 1964, he satirized national politics and government in a nationally published column named \"Potomac Fever\".During 1960, he wrote a chapter on John F. Kennedy for the book Candidates 1960. This seemed to begin a passion for writing books and he began authoring book-length works. He wrote fifteen books, most of them fiction, and all of them dealing with politics, intrigue and social upheaval. His best-known novel is Seven Days in May (1962, co-authored with Charles W. Bailey), about an attempted military coup in the United States. The book was a great success, reaching number one on the New York Times bestseller list, and was made into a successful movie also named Seven Days in May during 1964.\nKnebel was married four times from 1935 to 1985. He committed suicide after a long bout with cancer, by taking an overdose of sleeping pills in his home in Honolulu, Hawaii, during 1993. He is the source of the quote: \"Smoking is one of the leading causes of statistics.\"", "Q202144": "Shelley Winters (born Shirley Schrift; August 18, 1920 \u2013 January 14, 2006) was an American actress whose career spanned almost six decades.\nShe appeared in numerous films, and won Academy Awards for The Diary of Anne Frank (1959) and A Patch of Blue (1965), and received nominations for A Place in the Sun (1951) and The Poseidon Adventure (1972). Other roles Winters appeared in include A Double Life (1947), The Night of the Hunter (1955), Lolita (1962), Alfie (1966), Next Stop, Greenwich Village (1976), and Pete's Dragon (1977).\nIn addition to film, Winters also appeared in television, including a years-long tenure on the sitcom Roseanne, and also authored three autobiographical books.", "Q1342003": "Mikhail Sergeyevich Solomentsev (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432; 7 November [O.S. 24 October] 1913 \u2013 15 February 2008) was a high-ranking Soviet politician. He was born near Yelets and graduated from the Leningrad Technological Institute in 1940. Solomentsev was a leading Communist party functionary in Kazakhstan during 1962\u20131964 and was in charge of the Rostov-on-Don obkom from 1964\u20131966. He served as a secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the years 1966\u20131971. Solomontsev was Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian RSFR starting from 1971 and ending in 1983. He sat in the Politburo from 1983 until he was sacked by Mikhail Gorbachev five years later.", "Q357179": "Elvin Ray Jones (September 9, 1927 \u2013 May 18, 2004) was an American jazz drummer of the post-bop era. He showed an interest in drums at a young age, watching the circus bands march by his family's home in Pontiac, Michigan. He served in the United States Army from 1946 to 1949 and subsequently played in a Detroit house band led by Billy Mitchell. He moved to New York City in 1955 and worked as a sideman for Charles Mingus, Teddy Charles, Bud Powell and Miles Davis.From 1960 to 1966, he was a member of the John Coltrane quartet (along with Jimmy Garrison on bass and McCoy Tyner on piano), a celebrated recording phase, appearing on such albums as A Love Supreme and Live at Birdland. Following his work with Coltrane, Jones led several small groups, some under the name The Elvin Jones Jazz Machine. His brothers Hank Jones and Thad Jones were also jazz musicians with whom he recorded. He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1995.", "Q307996": "Abdellatif Kechiche (French: [abd\u025blatif ke\u0283i\u0283]; Tunisian Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0634\u064a\u0634\u200e, born 7 December 1960) is a Tunisian-French actor, film director and screenwriter. He made his directorial debut in 2000 with La Faute \u00e0 Voltaire, which he also wrote. His film Blue Is the Warmest Colour won the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q4724977": "Ali Lenin Aguilera Marciales (born 1967 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan lawyer, entrepreneur, and a Strategic Business Development Consultant.\n\n", "Q348059": "Francis George \"Franc\" Roddam (born 29 April 1946) is an English film director, businessman, screenwriter, television producer and publisher. He is a graduate of London Film School.", "Q910392": "Giorgio Scerbanenco (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0292ord\u0292o \u0283erba\u02c8n\u025b\u014bko]; birth name in Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0429\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, romanized: Vladimir Shcherbanenko in Ukrainian: \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0429\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, romanized: Volodymyr Shcherbanenko; 1911\u20131969) was a Ukrainian-born Italian crime fiction writer.", "Q3181851": "John Kamm is an American businessman and Human Rights activist. He is the founder of The Dui Hua Foundation, a nonprofit humanitarian organization that promotes universal human rights in well-informed, mutually respectful dialogue with China. He is credited with having helped more than 400 political and religious prisoners in China.Since his first intervention on behalf of a Chinese prisoner in May 1990, Kamm has made more than 100 trips to China to engage the government in a dialogue on human rights issues, focusing on the treatment of prisoners and prison conditions. He has made 10 visits to Chinese prisons and has submitted requests for information on more than 1,000 prisoners. In an article about Kamm for The New York Times Sunday Magazine, Tina Rosenberg wrote: \u201cNo other person or organization in the world, including the State Department, has helped more Chinese prisoners.\"", "Q121057": "August Hermann Ewerbeck (1816 \u2013 1860), known by his middle name of Hermann, was a pioneer socialist political activist, writer, and translator. A physician by vocation and a German by birth, Ewerbeck is best remembered as an early political associate of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, as a leader of the Parisian communities of the utopian socialist organization, League of the Just, and as the translator of the French writings of \u00c9tienne Cabet and Ludwig Feuerbach into German.", "Q369083": "Winterset is a 1936 American crime film directed by Alfred Santell, based on the play of the same name by Maxwell Anderson. The film greatly changes the ending of the play, in which the lovers Mio and Miriamne are shot to death by gangsters. In the film, the two are cornered, but Mio deliberately causes a commotion by loudly playing a nearby abandoned hurdy-gurdy and deliberately causing himself and Miriamne to be arrested, thus placing them out of reach from the gangsters. The film made a loss of $2,000.", "Q440138": "Anna Maria Agust\u00ed Flores (Barcelona, 1 October 1966), known professionally as Nina, is a Spanish musical actress and singer.", "Q73927": "Kurt Schm\u00fccker (10 November 1919 \u2013 6 January 1996) was a German politician, member of Christian Democratic Union.\nKurt Schm\u00fccker was born on 10 November 1919 in L\u00f6ningen, in the Free State of Oldenburg.\nIn 1938 Schm\u00fccker ended a book printing course and started working in local newspapers. From 1940 to 1945 he served in the German infantry during World War II.\nIn 1937, Schm\u00fccker joined the Nazi Party. Schm\u00fccker joined the CDU in 1946. He represented Cloppenburg \u2013 Vechta in the German Federal Parliament from 1953 to 1972.\nFrom 17 October 1963 to 30 November 1966 he served as minister for Economics and Technology. From 1966 to 1969 he served as minister for the Treasury.", "Q214732": "Robert Gilbert (born Robert David Winterfeld) (29 September 1899, Hamburg, Germany \u2013 20 March 1978, Minusio, Switzerland) was a German composer of light music, lyricist, singer, and actor. His father was Max Winterfeld, a composer and conductor who went by the pen name of Jean Gilbert. His brother was Henry Winterfeld, an author of children's books. Sometimes described as a \"divided author\", his early depression-era poem \"Stempellied\" about living on the dole was set to music by Hanns Eisler. But \"Am Sonntag will mein S\u00fcsser mit mir segeln gehen\" (\"On Sunday I'll go sailing with my Sweetheart\") and \"Das gibt's nur einmal\" (\"It Happens Only Once\"), became his better known work.", "Q441226": "Masha Gessen (born Maria Alexandrovna Gessen (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0301\u044f \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u0301\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043d, IPA: [ma\u02c8r\u02b2ij\u0259 \u0250l\u02b2\u026ak\u02c8sandr\u0259vn\u0259\u02c8\u0261\u02b2es\u0259n]) 13 January 1967) is a Russian-American journalist, author, translator and activist who has been an outspoken critic of the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, and the President of the United States, Donald Trump.Gessen is nonbinary and uses they/them pronouns. They have written extensively on LGBT rights. Described as \"Russia's leading LGBT rights activist,\" they have said that for many years they were \"probably the only publicly out gay person in the whole country.\"Gessen writes primarily in English but also in their native Russian. In addition to being the author of several non-fiction books, they have been a prolific contributor to such publications as The New York Times, The New York Review of Books, The Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, The New Republic, New Statesman, Granta, Slate, Vanity Fair, Harper's Magazine, The New Yorker, and U.S. News & World Report. Since 2017, they have been a staff writer for The New Yorker.\nGessen worked as a translator on the FX TV channel historical drama The Americans.\n\n", "Q2965058": "Christian Blanc (born 17 May 1942 in Talence, Gironde) is a French politician and businessman. A former prefect, Blanc has extensive business experience as head of the RATP (1989-1992), Air France (1993-1997) and Merrill Lynch France (2000-2002).\nBlanc was elected to the National Assembly from the UDF party in 2002. As member of the New Center party, Blanc was appointed to the newly created position of Secretary of State of the R\u00e9gion Capitale (\"Greater Paris\"), a position he held between March 18, 2008 and July 4, 2010. He retired in 2012 from the National Assembly after two terms.", "Q1709949": "Regina E. Dugan (born 19 March 1963), is an American businesswoman, inventor, technology developer and government official. She was the first female director of the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), where she served from July 2009 until March 2012.\nDugan began working for DARPA in 1996. Over the next 4 years, she led numerous multimillion-dollar research programs. Her most notable research project, known as the 'Dog's Nose,' involved the development of an advanced portable system that could detect the explosive content of landmines. In 1999, she was awarded 'Manager of the Year' for her work at DARPA and in 2000, she was honored with the Bronze de Fleury Medal by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. She has also received awards from the United States Secretary of Defense; specifically, the Awards for Exceptional Service and Outstanding Achievement.Dugan left DARPA in 2000 to become a special advisor for the Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army. Her work included a study titled 'Quick Reaction Study on Countermine,' which was briefed to senior members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and implemented in Operation Enduring Freedom. Dugan also took positions on the Naval Research Advisory Committee, Threat Reduction Agency and Technology panel. Prior to DARPA, she founded a company called Dugan Ventures. In 2005, Dugan Ventures began a new investment, RedXDefense LLC.\nAfter leaving DARPA in March 2012, she was appointed to an executive position at Google. Here, she led and created Advanced Technology and Projects (ATAP) at Motorola Mobility, a subsidiary of Google. In January 2014, it was announced that Motorola Mobility would be acquired by Lenovo. Dugan and her team were retained by Google. She later moved to Facebook, joining a team called Building 8. In October 2017, she announced that she would be leaving in early 2018 to pursue other endeavors.", "Q2972524": "Flushing Cemetery is a cemetery in Flushing in the borough of Queens in New York City, New York.", "Q928619": "Philippe Dana (born on 5 September 1959) is a French journalist, producer, radio and television host.", "Q87118": "Andrea Maria Dusl (born 12 August 1961), is an Austrian/Swedish film director, author and illustrator.\nShe was born in Vienna, the daughter of Austrian architect Erwin H. Dusl and Swedish captain's family Pettersson's descendant Monica J\u00fcllig. Between 1981 and 1985 she studied stage design at Vienna's Akademie der Bildenden K\u00fcnste and promoted as Master of Arts. She worked as assistant stage designer at Vienna's Burgtheater, Akademietheater (under the direction of George Tabori), Theater an der Wien, Theater in der Josefstadt and Wiener Staatsoper. Between 1993 and 1997 she attended medical studies at Universit\u00e4t Wien (University of Vienna).\nSince 1985 she has been writing and illustrating for Austrian newspapers and magazines. Her columns Comandantina Dusilova and Fragen Sie Frau Andrea (\"Ask Miss Andrea\"), published in Austria's weekly magazine Falter have many fans among urban and liberal readers.\nIn 2003 Falter published the paperback Fragen Sie Frau Andrea. In 2007 Residenz Verlag published Dusl's book Die \u00f6sterreichische Oberfl\u00e4che (The Austrian Surface). The novels Boboville (2008) and \"Channel 8\" (2010) were published by Residenz Verlag. In 2012 Dusl wrote \"Ins Hotel konnte ich ihn nicht mitnehmen\" (I could not take him to the hotel) for the Viennese publisher Metroverlag.\nIn 2001 she shot her first feature film Blue Moon starring Austrian stand-up comedian Josef Hader, Ukrainian actress Viktoria Malektorovych and German helmer-actor Detlev Buck. Blue Moon premiered at the 2002 Locarno International Film Festival. Awards: (2003 Grand Prix for Best Austrian Film (Graz, Diagonale). 2003 Special Jury Prize (\u0141ag\u00f3w Film Festival, \u0141ag\u00f3w, Poland) and Variety Critic's Choice of Europe's 10 Best Films, Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, Czech Republic, 2004 Best Script (Graz, Diagonale)).\nIn 2006 she has hosted Redezeit, a monthly political discussion at Viennas \"off-broadway\"-theater Rabenhof.\nAfter developing the feature films Crazy Day, Dining Car and Channel 8 (selected by 2005 eQuinoxe Screenwriter's Workshop and by 2006 New Cinema Network at Rome Film Fest site) Dusl started working on a feature film project titled \"Reise ans Ende der Zeit\" (Journey to the End of Time).", "Q90464": "Hubert Klausner (1 November 1892 \u2013 12 February 1939) was an Austrian officer and Nazi politician. He served as Gauleiter of Reichsgau K\u00e4rnten and Landeshauptmann (premier) of Carinthia in from 1938-39.", "Q206336": "The Runaways is a 2010 American biographical drama film about the 1970s rock band of the same name written and directed by Floria Sigismondi. It is based on the book Neon Angel: A Memoir of a Runaway by the band's lead vocalist Cherie Currie. The film stars Dakota Fanning as Currie, Kristen Stewart as rhythm guitarist and vocalist Joan Jett, and Michael Shannon as record producer Kim Fowley. The Runaways depicts the formation of the band in 1975 and focuses on the relationship between Currie and Jett until Currie's departure from the band. The film grossed around $4.6 million worldwide and received generally favorable reviews from critics.", "Q172369": "Robin \"Monty\" Montgomerie-Charrington (born Robert Victor Campbell Montgomerie on 23 June 1915 in Mayfair, London \u2013 died 3 April 2007 ) was a British racing driver from England. He took up 500cc Formula 3 in 1950, achieving modest results through '50 and '51. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the European Grand Prix at Spa, Belgium, on 22 June 1952. He retired his Aston Butterworth with \"engine trouble\" after 17 laps and scored no World Championship points.He later emigrated to the United States.", "Q283328": "Nancy Anne Allen (born June 24, 1950) is a retired American actress. She came to prominence for her performances in several films directed by Brian De Palma in the 1970s and early 1980s. Her accolades include a Golden Globe Award nomination, and three Saturn Award nominations.\nThe daughter of a New York City police officer, Allen was raised in the Bronx, and attended the High School of Performing Arts, aspiring to have a career as a dancer. In her early twenties, she shifted her focus to acting, and relocated to Los Angeles to pursue a career there. Her first major role was as Chris Hargensen in Brian De Palma's film adaptation of Carrie (1976). Allen was subsequently cast as the lead in the Robert Zemeckis-directed comedy I Wanna Hold Your Hand (1978), followed by a supporting part in Steven Spielberg's 1941 (1979).\nAllen married De Palma in 1979, and her subsequent portrayal of a call girl who witnesses a murder in his feature Dressed to Kill (1980) earned her a Golden Globe nomination for New Star of the Year. She then appeared in De Palma's neo-noir film Blow Out (1981), playing a woman implicated in an assassination. Allen and De Palma divorced in 1984, and she appeared in the science fiction films Strange Invaders (1983) and The Philadelphia Experiment (1984), and Abel Ferrara's television film The Gladiator (1986). Allen garnered mainstream fame playing Anne Lewis in Paul Verhoeven's RoboCop (1987), a role she reprised for the two sequels that followed. Other credits include Poltergeist III (1988), Limit Up (1990), and Les patriotes (1994).\nAllen retired from acting in 2008, and became involved in anti-cancer activism after her friend, Wendie Jo Sperber, died of breast cancer. In 2010, she was named executive director of the weSPARK Cancer Support Center in Los Angeles, which was founded by Sperber.", "Q201459": "Igor Graziano Cavalera (born September 4, 1970) is a Brazilian musician. He is best known as the former drummer for Brazilian heavy metal band Sepultura, which he co-founded with his brother Max in 1984. Max left the band in 1996, and Cavalera himself would depart ten years later, making him the last original member of Sepultura to leave the band. The brothers have since reunited in the band Cavalera Conspiracy.\nHe has played in the bands Nailbomb and Strife, and guest drumming in \"Brasileiro,\" a song by Tit\u00e3s. As his hip-hop influences grew stronger he began to DJ. Cavalera is one half of DJ duo Mixhell, a project he founded with his wife Laima Leyton.", "Q323834": "Siouxsie and the Banshees were a British rock band, formed in London in 1976 by vocalist Siouxsie Sioux and bass guitarist Steven Severin. They have been widely influential, both over their contemporaries and with later acts. Mojo rated guitarist John McGeoch in their list of \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" for his work on \"Spellbound\". The Times cited the group as \"one of the most audacious and uncompromising musical adventurers of the post-punk era\".Initially associated with the punk scene, the band rapidly evolved to create \"a form of post-punk discord full of daring rhythmic and sonic experimentation\". Their debut album The Scream was released in 1978 to critical acclaim. In 1980, they changed their musical direction and became \"almost a different band\" with Kaleidoscope, which peaked at number 5 in the UK Albums Chart. With Juju (1981) which also reached the top 10, they became an influence on the emerging gothic scene. In 1988, the band made a breakthrough in North America with the multifaceted album Peepshow, which received critical praise. With substantial support from alternative rock radio stations, they achieved a mainstream hit in the US in 1991 with the single \"Kiss Them for Me\".\nDuring their career, Siouxsie and the Banshees released 11 studio albums and 30 singles. The band experienced several line-up changes, with Siouxsie and Severin being the only constant members. They disbanded in 1996, with Siouxsie and drummer Budgie continuing to record music as the Creatures, a second band they had formed in the early 1980s. In 2004, Siouxsie began a solo career.", "Q3184929": "Jean Joseph L\u00e9on Farcot (23 June 1824 \u2013 19 March 1908) was a French engineer and industrialist whose factories employed up to 700 workers. He was also a prolific inventor.\nHe was one of the pioneers of the servomechanism, where a feedback loop helps control a machine.\nThe invention lets one helmsman control a ship's rudder weighing several tons.", "Q472834": "Thai people, Central Thai (Thai: \u0e0a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22) or Siamese (Thai: \u0e0a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21; historically and sometimes domestically), in a narrow sense, are a Tai ethnic group dominant in Central and Southern Thailand (Siamese proper). Part of the larger Tai ethno-linguistic group native to Southeast Asia as well as Southern China and Northeast India, Thais speak the Central Thai language, which is classified as part of the Kra\u2013Dai family of languages. The majority of Thais are followers of Theravada Buddhism.\nAs a result of government policy during the 1930s and 1940s resulting in successful forced assimilation of many various ethno-linguistic groups in the country into the dominant Thai language and culture, the term Thai people has come to refer to the population of Thailand in general. This includes other subgroups of the Tai ethno-linguistic group, such as the Northern Thai people (Lanna) and the Isan people, as well as non-Tai groups, the largest of which is that of the ethnic Chinese.", "Q992": "Amersfoort [\u02c8a\u02d0m\u0259rsfo\u02d0rt] (listen) is a city and municipality in the province of Utrecht, Netherlands and is situated at the eastern edge of the Randstad. As of January 1st 2019, the municipality had a population of 156,286, making it the second-largest of the province and fifteenth-largest of the country. Amersfoort is also one of the largest Dutch railway junctions with its three stations\u2014Amersfoort Centraal, Schothorst and Vathorst\u2014due to its location on two of the Netherlands' main east to west and north to south railway lines. The city was used during the 1928 Summer Olympics as a venue for the modern pentathlon events. Amersfoort marked its 750th anniversary as a city in 2009.", "Q501170": "Lewiston (; officially the City of Lewiston, Maine) is the second largest city in Maine and the most central city in Androscoggin County. The city lies halfway between Augusta, the state's capital, and Portland, the state's most populous city. It is one-half of the Lewiston-Auburn Metropolitan Statistical Area, commonly referred to as \"L/A.\" or \"L-A.\" Lewiston exerts a significant impact upon the diversity, religious variety, commerce, education, and economic power of Maine. It is known for a relatively low cost of living, substantial access to medical care, and a relatively low violent-crime rate. In recent years, the City of Lewiston has also seen a spike in economic and social growth. While the dominant language spoken in the city is English, it is home to the largest French-speaking population in the United States (by population) while it is second to St. Martin Parish, Louisiana, in percentage of speakers.The Lewiston area traces its roots to 1669 with the early presence of the Androscoggin tribe (the namesake of the county in which the city resides). In the late 18th century, the area (then a part of Massachusetts) slowly became populated by Quebec families and was incorporated as \"Lewistown\" in 1795. The presence of the Androscoggin River and Lewistown Falls made the town an attractive area for manufacturing and hydro-power businesses. The rise of Boston rail and textile tycoon Benjamin Bates saw rapid economic growth rivaling that of Cambridge, Worcester, and Concord. The increase in economic stimulus prompted thousands of Quebecers to migrate, causing a population boom; the populace rose from 1,801 in 1840 to 21,701 in 1890. In 1855, local preacher Oren Burbank Cheney founded the Maine State Seminary, the first coeducational university in New England and one of the first universities to admit black students before the Emancipation Proclamation. Lewistown quickly became associated with the liberal arts and was incorporated as \"Lewiston\" in 1864, a year before the college was chartered as Bates College.\nThe city is home to the only basilica in Maine, Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul; 5 colleges and universities; 44 listings on the National Register of Historic Places; the Androscoggin Bank Colis\u00e9e; the Stephens Observatory; the Olin Arts Center; the Bates College Museum of Art (BCMoA); and two significant general hospitals: Central Maine Medical Center and Saint Mary's Regional Medical Center.", "Q200747": "Wakayama (\u548c\u6b4c\u5c71\u5e02, Wakayama-shi, Japanese: [\u0270aka\ua71cjama]) is the capital city of Wakayama Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan.", "Q55779113": "Edna Anne Wheeler Ballard, also known as Lotus Ray King (June 25, 1886 - February 10, 1971), was an American occultist who co-founded the Saint Germain Foundation and served a co-leader of the I AM Movement with her husband, Guy Ballard. In 1944, Ballard and her son, Donald Ballard, were charged with mail fraud and their court case would eventually be ruled by the US Supreme Court as United States v. Ballard. Ballard's work with the I AM Movement is considered a predecessor to the current new age movement.", "Q221951": "Achilles Tatius (Greek: \u1f08\u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03a4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2) of Alexandria was a Roman-era Greek writer of the 2nd century whose fame is attached to his only surviving work, the ancient Greek novel or romance The Adventures of Leucippe and Clitophon.", "Q487315": "Monterey (Spanish: Monterrey; Ohlone: Aacistak) is a city located in Monterey County on the southern edge of Monterey Bay on California's Central Coast. Founded on June 3, 1770, it was the capital of Alta California under both Spain and Mexico. During this period, Monterey hosted California's first theater, public building, public library, publicly funded school, printing press, and newspaper. It was also originally the only port of entry for all taxable goods in California. In 1846 during the Mexican\u2013American War, the United States flag was raised over the Customs House. After California was ceded to the U.S. after the war, Monterey hosted California's first constitutional convention in 1849.\nThe city occupies a land area of 8.466 sq mi (21.93 km2) and the city hall is at 26 feet (8 m) above sea level. The 2010 census recorded a population of 27,810.\nMonterey and surrounding area have attracted artists since the late 19th century and many celebrated painters and writers have lived there. Until the 1950s, there was an abundant fishery. Among Monterey's notable present-day attractions are the Monterey Bay Aquarium, Cannery Row, Fisherman's Wharf, California Roots Music and Arts Festival, and the annual Monterey Jazz Festival.", "Q66494": "Wolfisberg is a former municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the former municipality of Wolfisberg merged into Niederbipp.", "Q3170670": "Jean Beausire (February 26, 1651 - March 20, 1743), was an architect, engineer and fountain-maker and the chief of public works in Paris for King Louis XIV of France and King Louis XV of France between 1684 and 1740, and was the architect of all the public fountains constructed in Paris that period. Several of his fountains still exist and continue to work. Three streets in the 4th arrondissement of Paris today carry his name: Rue Jean-Beausire, Impasse Jean-Beausire, and Passage Jean-Beausire.", "Q566855": "S\u00f6hne Mannheims (Sons of Mannheim) is a German musical band founded 1995 in Mannheim by Xavier Naidoo and others.\n\n", "Q2918925": "Simon Ramo (May 7, 1913 \u2013 June 27, 2016) was an American engineer, businessman, and author. He led development of microwave and missile technology and is sometimes known as the father of the intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). He also developed General Electric's electron microscope. He played prominent roles in the formation of two Fortune 500 companies, Ramo-Wooldridge (TRW after 1958) and Bunker-Ramo (now part of Honeywell).", "Q135744": "Galveston ( GAL-vis-t\u0259n) is a coastal resort city and port off the southeast coast on Galveston Island and Pelican Island in the American State of Texas. The community of 209.3 square miles (542 km2), with a population of 47,743 in 2010, is the county seat of surrounding Galveston County and second-largest municipality in the county. It is also within the Houston\u2013The Woodlands\u2013Sugar Land metropolitan area at its southern end on the northwestern coast of the Gulf of Mexico.\nGalveston, or Galvez' town, was named after the Spanish military and political leader in the 18th century: Bernardo de G\u00e1lvez y Madrid, Count of G\u00e1lvez (1746\u20131786), who was born in Macharaviaya, M\u00e1laga, in the Kingdom of Spain. Galveston's first European settlements on the Galveston Island were built around 1816 by French pirate Louis-Michel Aury to help the fledgling Republic of Mexico fight for independence from Spain, along with other colonies in the Western Hemisphere of the Americas in Central and South America in the 1810s and 1820s. The Port of Galveston was established in 1825 by the Congress of Mexico following its independence from Spain. The city was the main port for the fledgling Texas Navy during the Texas Revolution of 1836, and later served temporarily as the new national capital of the Republic of Texas.\nDuring the 19th century, Galveston became a major U.S. commercial center and one of the largest ports in the United States. It was for a time, Texas' largest city, known as the \"Queen City of the Gulf\". It was devastated by the unexpected Galveston Hurricane of 1900, whose effects included massive flooding and a storm surge which nearly wiped out the town. The natural disaster on the exposed barrier island is still ranked today as the deadliest in United States history, with an estimated death toll of 6,000 to 12,000 people. The city subsequently reemerged during the Prohibition era of 1919\u20131933 as a leading tourist hub and a center of illegal gambling, nicknamed the Free State of Galveston until this era ended in the 1950s with subsequent other economic and social development.\nMuch of Galveston's economy is centered in the tourism, health care, shipping, and financial industries. The 84-acre (34 ha) University of Texas Medical Branch campus with an enrollment of more than 2,500 students is a major economic force of the city. Galveston is home to six historic districts containing one of the largest and historically significant collections of 19th-century buildings in the U.S., with over 60 structures listed on the National Register of Historic Places, maintained by the National Park Service in the United States Department of the Interior.", "Q1033656": "Hans Folke \"Hasse\" Alfredson (28 June 1931 \u2013 10 September 2017) was a Swedish actor, film director, writer and comedian. He was born in Malm\u00f6, Sweden. He is known for his collaboration with Tage Danielsson as the duo Hasse & Tage and their production company AB Svenska Ord (\"Swedish Words Ltd\"). His most celebrated contribution to their brand of humorist humanism was his ability to extemporize wildly absurd comic situations, for example in the Lindeman dialogues.\nAlready in 1970 he gave a taste of another and less comedic side in the role as an rather unpleasant civil servant in Grisjakten. As time went by, Alfredson more or less totally turned around to become a serious author and film director. In 1982 he both directed and participated in the film The Simple-Minded Murderer, a motion picture based on his own novel \"En ond man\" (\"An evil man\"). Here Alfredson portrayed a rich and indeed very unpleasant manufacturer and Nazi-supporter who tormented the inhabitants of his native Scanian country-side in the 1930's. With just a brief return to a revue comedy in 1984, he never returned to that genre after the 1985 death of Tage Danielsson. Between 1992 and 1994 he was manager of the cultural museum \"Skansen\" at Stockholm. In the mid-zeroes he participated in the Danish criminal-odyssey The Eagle, and his last cinematic work came with the 2009 The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest. A film directed by one of his two sons, Daniel Alfredson. Alfredson played a hitman. \nTowards the end of his life, Alfredson made it clear that he strongly preferred his real name \u2013 Hans \u2013 not the rather commonly nickname \"Hasse\".", "Q279284": "Young Mr. Lincoln is a 1939 American biographical drama film about the early life of President Abraham Lincoln, directed by John Ford and starring Henry Fonda. Ford and producer Darryl F. Zanuck fought for control of the film, to the point where Ford destroyed unwanted takes for fear the studio would use them in the film. Screenwriter Lamar Trotti was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Writing/Original Story.\nIn 2003, Young Mr. Lincoln was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q173711": "Dempsey Cothrin Wilson (March 11, 1927 \u2013 April 23, 1971) was an American racecar driver.\nWilson was born in Los Angeles, California. He drove in the USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1956, 1958\u20131965, and 1968\u20131969 seasons with 32 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 races in 1958, 1960, 1961, and 1963. He finished in the top ten 4 times, with his best finish in 8th position in 1960 at Milwaukee. Outside of racing, Wilson owned a business called \"Dempsey Wilson Racing Cams,\" which refurbished camshafts. He died in Duarte, California, at City of Hope after a long battle with mesothelioma.", "Q584608": "Robotboy is a British-French animated children's television series which is produced by French production company Alphanim for France 3 and Cartoon Network Europe, as well as the studios LuxAnimation and Cofinova 1 in the first season. It was created and designed by Jan Van Rijsselberge and was directed in Alphanim's studio in Paris by Charlie Bean, who worked on other programs such as Dexter's Laboratory, The Powerpuff Girls, and Samurai Jack. The series first aired in the United Kingdom on 1 November 2005 on Cartoon Network. It premiered in the United States on 28 December 2005 on Cartoon Network's \"Sneak Peek Week\" alongside other two Cartoon Network original series My Gym Partner's a Monkey and Ben 10, and acquired Canadian YTV series Zixx, as part of a \"sneak peek\" preview week for the network's new Saturday morning cartoon lineup that debuted on 14 January 2006. Reruns of the show are still airing in United Kingdom, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany, as well in some Latin American countries like Venezuela and Colombia, but is no longer shown in Eastern Europe, or Asian territories. However, as of October 2019, the second season currently available on Starz's streaming service in the United States, with the first season currently unavailable.", "Q292543": "Lynn-Holly Johnson (born December 13, 1958) is an American professional figure skater and actress. After achieving some success as a figure skater in the mid-1970s, she began an acting career, including a Golden Globe-nominated role in 1978's Ice Castles and her role as Bibi Dahl in the 1981 James Bond film For Your Eyes Only.", "Q248059": "\u00d6mer Z\u00fclf\u00fc Livanelio\u011flu (born June 20, 1946), better known as Z\u00fclf\u00fc Livaneli, is a Turkish musician, author, poet, and politician.\nLivaneli is known for his novels that interweave diverse social and historical backgrounds, figures, and incidents, such as in Bliss which won the Barnes & Noble's Discovery of Great New Writers Award in 2006, and in his Serenade for Nadia, Leyla's House, and My Brother's Story, which were all translated into 37 languages and won numerous Turkish and International literary awards. His novels have been turned into theatrical films, stage plays, and operas.\nLivaneli was imprisoned several times during the 1971 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat because of his political views and had to leave Turkey in 1972 and went on exile. He lived in Stockholm, Paris, Athens, and New York where he met and collaborated with artists and intellectuals such as Elia Kazan, Arthur Miller, James Baldwin, and Peter Ustinov among others. Livaneli returned to Turkey in 1984.\nHis works and cultural and political activities and contributions to world peace were recognized by UNESCO in 1995 when he was appointed Goodwill Ambassador to UNESCO\u2014a post. He quit this UNESCO post in 2016 to protest the Turkish State's deliberate destruction of the historic Kurdish Old Town of Diyarbakir. He served a term in the Turkish Parliament as well as in the Council of Europe.\nLivaneli is a writer as he is as a poet and a songwriter, cultural and political activist. Although he first became known for his contemporary music, Livaneli turned his focus to writing, in the last decades, when he realized that literature was closer to his heart. His first collection of short stories, A Child in Purgatory, published in 1978 was turned into a movie by Swedish and German TV. He is also a prominent social-democrat politician and was a member of the Turkish parliament for one term. Livaneli's novels have been turned into theatrical movies, stage plays, and operas.\nLivaneli has composed some three hundred songs, a rhapsody recorded by London Symphony Orchestra\u2013, and a ballet. His compositions have reached cult status nationwide and have been performed by artists such as Joan Baez, Maria Farantouri, Mar\u00eda del Mar Bonet, Udo Lindenberg, Haris Alexiou, Jocelyn B. Smith, and Kate Westbrook. He has also written five plays and thirty film soundtracks. Among these soundtracks are the soundtrack for \"Yol\" (The Path), directed by Yilmaz G\u00fcney and winner of the Golden Palm in Cannes Film Festival, \"The Herd\", directed by Y\u0131lmaz G\u00fcney and Zeki \u00d6ktem, and \"Shirin's Wedding\" by German director Helma Sanders-Brahms. He has produced albums and performed with Mikis Theodorakis and Maria Farantouri, and he has also collaborated with Manos Hatzidakis, Giora Feidman, Inti-Illimani and \u00c1ngel Parra. His 1997 Ankara concert was attended by no less than 500 thousand people. In 2010, he sang 'Mothers of The Disappeared' with Bono at U2's concert in Istanbul, Turkey, which was U2's first-ever concert in Istanbul. Livaneli has been distinguished with the awards Best Album of the Year (Greece), the Edison Award (Holland), and Best Album of the Year (Music Critics Guild of Germany), and the \"Premio Luigi Tenco\" Best Songwriter Award, San Remo, Italy, in 1999, among others.\n\n", "Q462399": "Charles David Lubiniecki (born August 9, 1980), better known as Charlie David, is a Canadian actor, writer, director and producer, best known for the male lead in the LGBT horror series Dante's Cove. He has also worked as a TV host on a number of shows like F.Y.E!, SpyTV, Bump! and Crash Test Mommy.\nHe is the owner of Border2Border Entertainment, a production company of film, television, digital media and audio projects.", "Q4444": "Wanted is a 2008 American action thriller film directed by Timur Bekmambetov and written by Michael Brandt, Derek Haas, and Chris Morgan, based on the comic book miniseries by Mark Millar and J. G. Jones. The film stars James McAvoy, Morgan Freeman, Terence Stamp, Thomas Kretschmann, Common, and Angelina Jolie. Its plot revolves around Wesley Gibson (McAvoy), a frustrated account manager who discovers that he is the son of a professional assassin and decides to join the Fraternity, a secret society in which his father worked.\nUniversal Pictures acquired the adaptation rights from Millar in 2004, and while the eventual script drifted from the comic book supervillain mythos in the original miniseries, he was content to see most of the comic's darker content retained. Production began in April 2007, with filming in the Czech Republic, Budapest, and the story's main setting, Chicago. Bekmambetov's production company, Bazelevs Production, provided the majority of the film's visual effects. Danny Elfman scored the film, employing a guitar-based musical score.\nWanted opened on June 27, 2008 to generally favorable reviews and box office success. It grossed $341 million worldwide and reviews praised its fast pacing and stylized action scenes. A sequel was planned the same year as the film's release, but ultimately stalled in development.", "Q19526": "Maya Angelou ( (listen); born Marguerite Annie Johnson; April 4, 1928 \u2013 May 28, 2014) was an American poet, singer, memoirist, and civil rights activist. She published seven autobiographies, three books of essays, several books of poetry, and is credited with a list of plays, movies, and television shows spanning over 50 years. She received dozens of awards and more than 50 honorary degrees. Angelou is best known for her series of seven autobiographies, which focus on her childhood and early adult experiences. The first, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969), tells of her life up to the age of 17 and brought her international recognition and acclaim.\nShe became a poet and writer after a series of occupations as a young adult, including fry cook, sex worker, nightclub dancer and performer, cast member of the opera Porgy and Bess, coordinator for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and journalist in Egypt and Ghana during the decolonization of Africa. She was an actress, writer, director, and producer of plays, movies, and public television programs. In 1982, she was named the first Reynolds Professor of American Studies at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. She was active in the Civil Rights Movement and worked with Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Beginning in the 1990s, she made around 80 appearances a year on the lecture circuit, something she continued into her eighties. In 1993, Angelou recited her poem \"On the Pulse of Morning\" (1993) at the first inauguration of Bill Clinton, making her the first poet to make an inaugural recitation since Robert Frost at the inauguration of John F. Kennedy in 1961.\nWith the publication of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Angelou publicly discussed aspects of her personal life. She was respected as a spokesperson for black people and women, and her works have been considered a defense of black culture. Her works are widely used in schools and universities worldwide, although attempts have been made to ban her books from some U.S. libraries. Angelou's most celebrated works have been labeled as autobiographical fiction, but many critics consider them to be autobiographies. She made a deliberate attempt to challenge the common structure of the autobiography by critiquing, changing and expanding the genre. Her books center on themes such as racism, identity, family and travel.", "Q962710": "Leon Pinsker (Yiddish: \u05dc\u05e2\u05d0\u05b8\u05df \u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05e1\u05e7\u05e2\u05e8\u200e, Yehudah Leib Pinsker; Russian: \u041b\u0435\u0432 (\u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d) \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 or \u0419\u0435\u0445\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u041b\u0435\u0439\u0431 \u041f\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0440, Lev Semyonovich Pinsker; 1821\u20131891) was a physician, a Zionist pioneer and activist, and the founder and leader of the Hovevei Zion, also known as Hibbat Zion (Hebrew: \u05d7\u05d9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05df\u200e, Lovers of Zion) movement.", "Q16615": "The Brisen is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Nidwalden and Uri, in Central Switzerland. It is located near the slightly higher Hoh Brisen.\nThe western ridge named Haldigrat is the easiest way to the summit.", "Q948853": "Derek Keith Barbosa (born April 8, 1974), better known by his stage name Chino XL, is an American rapper and actor. He has released four solo studio albums, in which his most recent \u2013 Ricanstruction: The Black Rosary - won the 2012 HHUG Album of the Year award Chino also forged a career in acting, signing with Hollywood talent manager Stacey Castro and subsequently appearing in several films and episodes of television. He was a series regular on Cinemax series Sex Chronicles and appeared in several guest star roles, including Comedy Central series Reno 911! and CBS series CSI: Miami. His feature film credits include a co-starring role opposite Kate Hudson, Luke Wilson in director Rob Reiner's Alex & Emma and Brandon Sonnier's directing debut, \"The Beat\", which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival.He is the nephew of Bernie Worrell of music group Parliament/Funkadelic. Barbosa is also a member of Mensa.", "Q90302": "Gottfried Ungerboeck (born 15 March 1940, Vienna) is an Austrian communications engineer.\nUngerboeck received an electrical engineering degree (with emphasis on telecommunications) from Vienna University of Technology in 1964, and a Ph.D. from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, in 1970. He joined IBM Austria as a systems engineer in 1965, and the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory in 1967.\nAt Zurich he worked on digital signal processing and switching systems, communication and information theory. Among many contributions to the theory of data transmission, he invented trellis coded modulation.\nUngerboeck joined Broadcom in 1998 as Technical Director for Communication business line.\nHe has won the 2018 Shannon Award of the IEEE Information Theory Society.", "Q149499": "Karim Alrawi (Arabic \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a) is a writer born in Alexandria, Egypt. His family emigrated to England then to Canada. He was an International Writing Fellow at the University of Iowa and taught creative writing at the university's International Writing Program. He has taught at universities in the UK, Egypt, US and Canada.\nIn the UK, he was Literary Manager of the Theatre Royal Stratford East and later Resident Writer at the Royal Court Theatre in Central London. He moved to Egypt, where he taught in the theatre department of the American University in Cairo. In Egypt his plays were considered controversial and banned by the state censor. He was later arrested and detained for interrogation by Egyptian State Security for his work as president of Egyptian Pen and with the Egyptian Organisation for Human Rights (EOHR). As a Fulbright International Scholar he moved to the United States. He had residencies at a number of theatres including Meadow Brook Theatre (MBT) in Michigan, Oregon Shakespeare Festival, Kennedy Centre, Washington DC, and LaMama, New York. He has written and edited several international publications and was Editor in Chief of ARABICA magazine, the leading nationally distributed Arab-American publication with a certified readership of over 100,000 readers. He supervised EU, US and Canadian government funded media training programs in a number of African and Asian countries. He was a member of the Canadian delegation led by Foreign Minister Pierre Pettigrew to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) conference on Good Governance in the Arab World, as well as a member of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)'s Programme on Governance in the Arab Region (POGAR, 1999\u20132005) and Communications Advisor and Manager of External Affairs for the Middle East and North Africa for the World Bank in Washington, DC.", "Q358538": "Aaron Thibeaux \"T-Bone\" Walker (May 28, 1910 \u2013 March 16, 1975) was an American blues guitarist, singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, who was a pioneer and innovator of the jump blues and electric blues sound. In 2018 Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 37 on its list of \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\".\n\n", "Q65823": "Bettwiesen is a municipality in the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q128073": "Gabriele Allegra (December 26, 1907 \u2013 January 26, 1976) was a Franciscan Friar and Biblical scholar. He is best known for accomplishing the first complete translation of the Catholic Bible into the Chinese language. His Studium Biblicum Translation is often considered the definitive Chinese Bible among Catholics. He awaits canonization.", "Q436910": "Pauline Kael (; June 19, 1919 \u2013 September 3, 2001) was an American film critic who wrote for The New Yorker magazine from 1968 to 1991. Kael was known for her \"witty, biting, highly opinionated and sharply focused\" reviews, her opinions often contrary to those of her contemporaries. She was one of the most influential American film critics of her era.She left a lasting impression on several prominent film critics. Roger Ebert argued in an obituary that Kael \"had a more positive influence on the climate for film in America than any other single person over the last three decades.\" Kael, he said, \"had no theory, no rules, no guidelines, no objective standards. You couldn't apply her 'approach' to a film. With her it was all personal.\" Owen Gleiberman said she \"was more than a great critic. She reinvented the form, and pioneered an entire aesthetic of writing.\"\n\n", "Q6253": "Neuss is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Nearby are the urban districts M\u00f6nchengladbach, Krefeld, Duisburg, D\u00fcsseldorf, Cologne, the districts Rhein-Erft-Kreis, D\u00fcren, Heinsberg and the district Viersen.", "Q367910": "Jos\u00e9 Mariano Rebelo Pires Gago, ComSE (16 May, 1948 \u2013 17 April, 2015), often referred to as Mariano Gago, was a Portuguese physicist and politician, mostly known for his tenures as Minister for Science and Higher Education. He held government offices for a total of 13 years, more than any other person since 1976. \nHe graduated as an electrical engineer by the University of Lisbon's Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico in Lisbon, and did advanced research work in Paris at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique as a high-energy physicist. Professor of Physics at Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico in Lisbon, he worked at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Geneva for several years. He was a member of the CERN Council (1985\u20131990), the EC Joint Research Centre Board of Governors (1986\u20131989), President of the Portuguese National Board for Science and Technology (1986\u20131989), and was chair of the European EUREKA initiative from July 1997 to June 1998. Prof. Gago has been the Minister for Science and Technology of Portugal since 1995, and represents Portugal at the Council of Ministers for Research and Development of the European Union. He is also responsible for the coordination of the Portuguese policy on Information Society, and for the promotion of science education and scientific culture.\n\nThroughout his career, Prof. Gago has emphasised the link between teaching and research, and has examined issues such as whether universities should specialise more in teaching or in research and whether there are possible divergences between teaching and research priorities, although never managing to reach acceptable educational levels within some Portuguese higher education institutions. Prof. Gago is a founder of the Ci\u00eancia Viva programme (since 1996), which on behalf of the Ministry of Science and Technology, aims to promote scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population. \"My generation's legacy will be that research and technology made great progress in being more accessible and understandable to the public. The present development of technical advancement would have been unthinkable if we were unable to rely on the basic technical knowledge of the average citizen,\" states Prof. Gago.\nHe has also fostered research that is increasingly carried out in a framework of international cooperation, as a chance for Portugal to develop new products and provide new types of knowledge-intensive services.\nDuring his tenure as Minister for Science, Technology and Higher Education of the XVII Governo Constitucional, Mariano Gago's Ministry was responsible for the compulsory closing of problematic and unreliable private higher education institutions (Independente University and Moderna University).", "Q96773": "Heinrich Koenen (12 May 1910 \u2013 February 1945) was a German engineer, anti-fascist resistance fighter and agent of the Soviet military intelligence service GRU.\nHeinrich Koenen was born in the Konigsberg district of Berlin, the son of Communist Reichstag deputy Wilhelm Koenen. He was selected as political head of the Young Communist League of Germany. He studied engineering at the Technical University of Berlin but for political reasons, was expelled in 1933 before his final examination. He emigrated via Denmark and Sweden to the Soviet Union, where he worked as an engineer in a Moscow tractor factory and in 1940, became a Soviet citizen.\nAfter Germany attacked the Soviet Union in 1941, he volunteered for military service and was trained for use in Germany as a paratrooper and radio operator. He was given the task of restoring the broken links between the Moscow headquarters of the Comintern and the GRU and the Berlin group of the Red Orchestra. On 23 October 1942, Koenen parachuted behind German lines at Osterode in East Prussia and made his way to Berlin to his contact, Ilse St\u00f6be. On 29 October 1942, he was arrested by a Gestapo official waiting at St\u00f6be's apartment.\nKoenen was executed without trial at Sachsenhausen concentration camp in February 1945. His name is inscribed on a memorial in the Gedenkstatte der Sozialisten Socialist Memorial in Lichtenberg, Berlin.", "Q411377": "Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease, including streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The main uses are infections of the skin and pneumonia although it may be used for a variety of other infections including drug-resistant tuberculosis. It is used either by injection into a vein or by mouth.When given for short periods, linezolid is a relatively safe antibiotic. It can be used in people of all ages and in people with liver disease or poor kidney function. Common side effects with short-term use include headache, diarrhea, rash, and nausea. Serious side effects may include serotonin syndrome, bone marrow suppression, and high blood lactate levels, particularly when used for more than two weeks. If used for longer periods it may cause nerve damage, including optic nerve damage, which may be irreversible.As a protein synthesis inhibitor, linezolid works by suppressing bacterial protein production. This either stops growth or results in bacterial death. Although many antibiotics work this way, the exact mechanism of action of linezolid appears to be unique in that it blocks the initiation of protein production, rather than one of the later steps. As of 2014, bacterial resistance to linezolid has remained low. Linezolid is a member of the oxazolidinone class of medications.Linezolid was discovered in the mid 1990s, and was approved for commercial use in 2000. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. Linezolid is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$2.90 per day, while that in the United States in 2016 was about US$13.79 per day. It appears to be more cost-effective than alternatives such as vancomycin, mostly because of the ability to switch from intravenous use to administration by mouth sooner.", "Q177577": "Henry Oswald Simmons, Jr. (born July 1, 1970) is an American actor. He is known for portraying NYPD Detective Baldwin Jones on the ABC police drama NYPD Blue, from 2000\u20132005, and as Agent Alphonso \"Mack\" MacKenzie on ABC's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D..", "Q52057": "Ruth Peggy Sophie Parnass (born 11 October 1927) is a German-Swedish actress, columnist, court reporter, short story writer and non-fiction writer who now lives in Hamburg.", "Q683861": "Campylobacteriosis is an infection by the Campylobacter bacterium, most commonly C. jejuni. It is among the most common bacterial infections of humans, often a foodborne illness. It produces an inflammatory, sometimes bloody, diarrhea or dysentery syndrome, mostly including cramps, fever and pain.", "Q193183": "Al\u00e8s (French pronunciation: \u200b[a.l\u025bs]; Occitan: Al\u00e8s) is a commune in the Gard department in the Occitanie region in southern France. It is one of the sub-prefectures of the department. It was formerly known as Alais.", "Q242212": "Bobbi Eden (born 4 January 1980) is a Dutch pornographic actress and international magazine model. She was the runner-up for the Dutch Penthouse Pet of the Year. She had also modeled for magazines including Club, Men Only, and Soho.\nShe appeared with Dutch DJ Ferry Corsten in the video for his single \"Watch Out\". In the video, a tiny Corsten races around in a model racing car while Bobbi looms overhead with the remote control. She has written columns for the magazines Passie and Chick, and currently writes for the magazine Panorama.During the 2010 World Cup, Eden attracted media attention after her 28 June Twitter announcement, in which she promised to provide oral sex for all of her Twitter followers if the Netherlands team won the World Cup. The promise led to a large increase in the number of her followers. The Netherlands reached the final, subsequently losing 1\u20130.In May 2012, Eden signed a deal to be the first Dutch adult star to have a Fleshlight. In September 2012, she premiered a Dutch Reality TV Show called 'Bobbi in the USA' on Dutch Cable Network Meiden Van Holland. Eden signed a cam deal with IsLive.com in September 2012.She signed a contract to release an autobiography in 2014. In December 2016, she appeared on the Roast of Gordon Heuckeroth, the first Dutch edition of the Comedy Central Roast.", "Q98986": "Heiner Dopp (born 27 June 1956 in Bad D\u00fcrkheim, Rheinland-Pfalz) is a former field hockey player from West Germany, who competed at three Summer Olympics for his native country. He won the silver medal with his team, in 1984 (Los Angeles) and in 1988 (Seoul). Dopp made his Olympic debut in 1976 (Montreal). \nHe played 286 international matches for the national team, and won the German club title eight times with TG Frankenthal. After his hockey career he got engaged in local politics. In 1999 he became mayor of his home town Meckenheim.", "Q3121371": "Gustave Samuel James de Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild (17 February 1829 in Paris \u2013 28 November 1911 in Paris) was a French banker and scion of the French branch of the Rothschild family. He was the second son of James Mayer de Rothschild and Betty Salomon von Rothschild (of the German branch of the same family).\nIn accordance with Rothschild tradition, Gustave was expected to marry a cousin, and his family hoped that he would propose to his one of his cousins Mathilde Hannah von Rothschild or Evelina de Rothschild. Instead, in 1859 Gustave married C\u00e9cile Anspach, the daughter of a high official in the Court of Cassation, and they had six children:\n\nOctave (1860\u20131860)\nZo\u00e9 Lucie Betty de Rothschild (1863\u20131916), married in 1882 the Belgian banker L\u00e9on Lambert (1851\u20131919),\nAline Caroline de Rothschild (1867\u20131909), married in 1887 Sir Edward Albert Sassoon (1856\u20131912)\nBertha Juliette de Rothschild (1870\u20131896)\nAndr\u00e9 (1874\u20131877)\nRobert de Rothschild (1880\u20131946).He was rumored to be the lover of Marguerite Durand, publisher of La Fronde.He built the Ch\u00e2teau de Laversine in Saint-Maximin near Chantilly.", "Q144195": "Zahra Rahnavard (Persian: \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0647\u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f\u200e; born Zohreh Kazemi; 19 August 1945) is an Iranian academic, artist and politician. Rahnavard is a university professor, artist, and crusading intellectual who had been under house arrest from February 2011 to May 2018. In 2009, Foreign Policy magazine named her one of the world\u2019s most distinguished thinkers. She is the wife of former Iran Prime Minister Mir Hussein Musavi. In part of her work, she has underlined the need for men to respect the laws of hijab in the same way as women, as well as a general activist for women's rights in the middle east.\n\n", "Q444410": "Lesley Ann Manville (born 12 March 1956) is an English actress. She is known for her frequent collaborations with director Mike Leigh with her winning the London Film Critics Circle Award for British Actress of the Year for Leigh's All or Nothing (2002) and Another Year (2010), and the National Board of Review Award for Best Actress for the latter film. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Phantom Thread (2017). Other film roles include Dance with a Stranger (1985), High Hopes (1988), Secrets & Lies (1996), Topsy-Turvy (1999), Vera Drake (2004), The Great Ecstasy of Robert Carmichael (2005), Sparkle (2007), Womb (2010), Spike Island (2012), Mr. Turner (2014), Maleficent (2014), Hampstead (2017), the Maleficent sequel Maleficent: Mistress of Evil (2019) and Ordinary Love (2019).\nHer roles on television include Emmerdale Farm (1974-1976), A Bunch of Fives (1977), Grown-Ups (1980), The Firm (1989), Soldier Soldier (1992), Ain't Misbehavin' (1994), Holding On (1997), David Copperfield (2000), The Cazalets (2001), North & South (2004), Perfect Parents (2006), Cranford (2007), Mayday (2013), Fleming: The Man Who Would Be Bond (2014), River (2015), Mum (2016\u20132019), Harlots (2017-present) and World on Fire (2019). She is also a four-time BAFTA Award nominee for both the sitcom Mum and the drama series River.\nManville's extensive stage career includes roles in As You Like It (1985), Les Liaisons Dangereuses (1986), His Dark Materials (2005), The Alchemist (2006), All About My Mother (2007) and Six Degrees of Separation (2010). Nominated for an Olivier Award for her role in Leigh's 2011 play Grief, she won the 2014 Olivier Award for Best Actress for her role in the 2013 revival of Ghosts.", "Q536092": "Johanne Sutton (1 December 1966 \u2013 11 November 2001) was a French radio reporter and journalist.", "Q41765": "Konkuk University (Korean: \uac74\uad6d\ub300\ud559\uad50, Hanja: \u5efa\u570b\u5927\u5b78\u6821) is one of the leading private universities located in Seoul and Chungju. The Seoul campus is located in the southeastern part of Seoul, near the Han River, and is served by a metro station of the same name. The Seoul campus has 11 undergraduate colleges and 13 graduate schools, whereas the Glocal Campus in Chungju is composed of four undergraduate colleges and four graduate schools. As of 2018, 29,600 undergraduate and graduate students were enrolled in the university, which has more than 3,000 faculty and staff.", "Q56219": "Rocco Siffredi (born Rocco Antonio Tano; 4 May 1964) is an Italian pornographic actor, director and producer of pornographic movies.He took his stage name from the character Roch Siffredi played by Alain Delon in the French gangster film Borsalino (1970). Known as the \"Italian Stallion\", Siffredi has starred in more than 1,300 pornographic films.", "Q3588472": "\u00c9mile Dubonnet (18 October 1883 - 1940) was a French balloonist active from 1908 to 1913. He participated in the 1908, 1909, and 1911 Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning and was a member of the A\u00e9ro-Club de France. He won the La Grande Medialle de A\u00e9ro-Club de France in 1912. He holds a F\u00e9d\u00e9ration A\u00e9ronautique Internationale record from 1912-1913.", "Q162634": "Earl Stevens (born November 15, 1967), better known by his stage name E-40, is an American rapper and actor. He is a founding member of the rap group The Click, and the founder of Sick Wid It Records. He has released twenty-eight studio albums to date, appeared on numerous movie soundtracks, and has also done guest appearances on a host of other rap albums. Initially an underground artist, his 1995 solo album In a Major Way opened him up to a wider audience. Beginning in 1998, he began collaborating with more mainstream rappers outside the Bay Area. He rose to even higher mainstream popularity in 2006 with his single \"Tell Me When to Go\" which was produced by Lil Jon.", "Q201317": "Victor Boin (28 February 1886 \u2013 31 March 1974) was a Belgian freestyle swimmer, water polo player, and \u00e9p\u00e9e fencer who competed at the 1908, 1912 and 1920 Summer Olympics.", "Q25": "Wales (Welsh: Cymru [\u02c8k\u0259m.r\u0268] (listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2 (8,023 sq mi). Wales has over 1,680 miles (2,700 km) of coastline and is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate.\nWelsh national identity emerged among the Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England's conquest of Wales, though Owain Glynd\u0175r briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century. The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century. Welsh Liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party. Welsh national feeling grew over the century; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962. Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998, the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters.\nAt the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, development of the mining and metallurgical industries transformed the country from an agricultural society into an industrial nation; the South Wales Coalfield's exploitation caused a rapid expansion of Wales' population. Two-thirds of the population live in South Wales, including Cardiff, Swansea, Newport and the nearby valleys. Now that the country's traditional extractive and heavy industries have gone or are in decline, Wales' economy depends on the public sector, light and service industries and tourism.\nAlthough Wales closely shares its political and social history with the rest of Great Britain and, while a majority of the population in most areas speaks English as a first language, the country has retained a distinct cultural identity. Both Welsh and English are official languages; over 560,000 Welsh-speakers live in Wales, and the language is spoken by a majority of the population in parts of the north and west. From the late 19th century onwards, Wales acquired its popular image as the \"land of song\", in part due to the eisteddfod tradition. At many international sporting events, such as the FIFA World Cup, Rugby World Cup and the Commonwealth Games, Wales has its own national teams, though at the Olympic Games, Welsh athletes compete as part of a Great Britain team. Rugby union is seen as a symbol of Welsh identity and an expression of national consciousness.", "Q239688": "Gianluca Vialli (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292an\u02c8lu\u02d0ka vi\u02c8alli]; born 9 July 1964) is an Italian former football manager and player who played as a striker. Since retiring, he has gone into management, punditry and worked previously as a commentator for Sky Sport Italia.He is currently part of the Italy national football team non-playing staff as a delegation chief.Vialli started his club career at Cremonese in 1980 in his native Italy where he made 105 league appearances scoring 23 goals. His performances impressed Sampdoria who signed him in 1984. During which time he scored 85 league goals, won 3 Italian cups, the Serie A and the European Cup Winners Cup. Vialli transferred to Juventus for a World record \u00a312.5 million in 1992. During this time he won the Italian Cup, the Serie A, Italian Supercup, UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Cup. In 1996 Vialli joined Chelsea and became Chelsea player manager the following season. In England he won the FA Cup, League Cup, UEFA Cup Winners Cup and UEFA Super Cup. He is one of nine footballers to have won the three main European club competitions, and the only forward to have done so; he is also the only player in European footballing history to have both winner's and runner's up medals in all three main European club competitions, including two winners medals for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.\nAt international level, Vialli represented Italy at the 1986 FIFA World Cup, and at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, where Italy finished in third-place on home soil. He also took part at UEFA Euro 1988, helping his nation to a semi-final finish, and was elected to the team of the tournament. During his twenty years long career as a professional footballer he scored 259 goals at club level, 16 goals with the national team, and 11 goals with the Italy national under-21 football team, for a total of 286 goals in more than 500 appearances, making him the tenth-highest scoring Italian player in all competitions.", "Q353445": "William \"Bill\" Chen (born 1970 in Williamsburg, Virginia) is an American quantitative analyst, poker player, and software designer.\n\n", "Q21091": "Martin Kierszenbaum, also known by his pseudonym Cherry Cherry Boom Boom, is an American music persona. As a songwriter and producer he worked for Lady Gaga, Sting, Madonna, Mylene Farmer, Keane, Tokio Hotel, Far East Movement, Robyn, the Paradiso Girls, Feist, Flipsyde, Ivy Levan, Ai Colette Carr, Alexandra Burke and Natalia Kills. He owns The Cherrytree Music Company which developed the careers of Lady Gaga, LMFAO, Disclosure, Ellie Goulding, La Roux and t.A.T.u.. Under the alias Cherry Cherry Boom Boom he releases electronic music and remixes.", "Q720884": "Japandroids are a Canadian rock band from Vancouver, British Columbia, consisting of Brian King (guitar, vocals) and David Prowse (drums, vocals).Formed in 2006, the band rose to prominence following the release of their debut album Post-Nothing (2009). Their second album, Celebration Rock (2012), was released to widespread critical acclaim, with Rolling Stone calling it one of The 10 Coolest Summer Albums of All Time, and Spin naming the duo Band of the Year. Japandroids toured heavily in support of both albums, gaining notoriety for their live performances and extensive international concert tours. Between 2009 and 2013, the band performed approximately 500 shows in 44 countries.Japandroids' music has been described as \"one part classic rock, one part punk\", due to their blending of classic rock influences such as Bruce Springsteen and Tom Petty, with punk rock influences such as the Replacements and H\u00fcsker D\u00fc.", "Q172427": "Robin Michael Widdows (born 27 May 1942 in Cowley, Middlesex) is a British former racing driver from England. He participated in Formula One, Formula Two, Formula Three and sportscars including Le Mans.\nWiddows began his career with an MG Midget and a Lotus 23 winning the Autosport Class C Championship in 1965. He moved to Formula Three the following year and in 1967 competed in Formula Two with a Brabham BT23, winning the Rhine Cup at Hockenheim. In 1968, Widdows joined The Chequered Flag team to compete in a McLaren M4A and that year took part in his only World Championship Grand Prix, for Cooper, in the British Grand Prix at Brands Hatch but retired with ignition problems. He returned to Formula Two the following season with Bob Gerard and also raced sportscars for Matra. Widdows continued in Formula Two in 1970, with a Brabham, but retired from the sport part way through the season.Widdows holds the rare distinction of being one of a select group of six who have competed in both a Formula One World Championship race and the Olympic Games (bobsleigh in 1964 and 1968).", "Q1371393": "Tony Oladipo Allen (born 1940 in Lagos, Nigeria) is a Nigerian drummer, composer and songwriter who currently lives and works in Paris, France. His career and life story have been documented in his 2013 autobiography Tony Allen: Master Drummer of Afrobeat, co-written with author/musician Michael E. Veal, who previously wrote a comprehensive biography of Fela Kuti.As drummer and musical director of Fela Anikulapo Kuti's band Africa '70 from 1968 to 1979, Allen was one of the primary co-founders of the genre of Afrobeat music. Fela once stated that, \"without Tony Allen, there would be no Afrobeat.\" He has also been described by Brian Eno as \"perhaps the greatest drummer who has ever lived.\"", "Q491239": "Canton () is a city in and the county seat of Stark County, Ohio, United States. It is located approximately 60 miles (97 km) south of Cleveland and 20 miles (32 km) south of Akron in Northeast Ohio. The city lies on the edge of Ohio's extensive Amish country, particularly in Holmes and Wayne counties to the city's west and southwest. Canton is the largest municipality in the Canton-Massillon, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Stark and Carroll counties. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 73,007, making Canton eighth among Ohio cities in population.\nFounded in 1805 alongside the Middle and West Branches of Nimishillen Creek, Canton became a heavy manufacturing center because of its numerous railroad lines. However, its status in that regard began to decline during the late 20th century, as shifts in the manufacturing industry led to the relocation or downsizing of many factories and workers. After this decline, the city's industry diversified into the service economy, including retailing, education, finance and healthcare.\nCanton is chiefly notable for being the home of the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the birthplace of the National Football League. 25th U.S. President William McKinley conducted the famed front porch campaign, which won him the presidency of the United States in the 1896 election, from his home in Canton. The McKinley National Memorial and the William McKinley Presidential Library and Museum commemorate his life and presidency. Canton was also chosen as the site of the First Ladies National Historic Site largely in honor of his wife, Ida Saxton McKinley.\nCanton is currently experiencing an urban renaissance, anchored by its growing and thriving arts district centrally located in the downtown area. Several historic buildings have been rehabilitated and converted into upscale lofts, attracting hundreds of new downtown residents into the city. Furthering this downtown development, in June 2016, Canton became one of the first cities in Ohio to allow the open consumption of alcoholic beverages in a \"designated outdoor refreshment area\" pursuant to a state law enacted in 2015 (Sub. H.B. No. 47).", "Q277281": "Love on the Run (French: L'amour en fuite) is a 1979 French comedy-drama film directed by Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut. It is Truffaut's fifth and final film about the character Antoine Doinel. A significant portion of the film is made up of selected clips from the previous films in the series. It was entered into the 29th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q120407": "Eugen Bauder (born 5 March 1986) is a German model and actor.", "Q348703": "Vladimir Akimovich Bron (14 September 1909, Mykolaiv \u2013 1985, Sverdlovsk, USSR) was a Soviet chess master and problemist.\nBorn into a Jewish family in Nikolaev (currently Mykolaiv), near Kherson, he was one of the leading scientists of the refractory materials industry. Professor Bron also actively participated in the Sverdlovsk Chess Federation.He was a top Soviet composer of chess studies. In 1969 he wrote Selected Studies and Problems. He won 31 first prizes in composing tourneys.Dr. Bron was awarded the International Master title for chess composition in 1966 and the Grandmaster Composer title in 1975.", "Q87656": "Carl-Ludwig Wagner (9 January 1930 \u2013 27 July 2012) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union.\nWagner was born in D\u00fcsseldorf, but later lived in Eitelsbach, a part of Trier. After his Abitur 1949 in Trier he studied law at the University of Mainz and one year in Montpellier. He got his doctorate in 1961.\nWagner was the 5th Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate from 1988 to 1991, Minister from 1979 to 1988 (law, finances), a member of the Bundestag (1969\u20131976) and worked for the European Parliament in Luxembourg from 1959 to 1969.", "Q111802": "Fritz W\u00e4chtler (7 January 1891 \u2013 19 April 1945) was a Nazi German politician and Gauleiter of the eastern Bavarian administrative region of Gau Bayreuth. Trained as a primary school teacher, he also became head of the National Socialist Teachers League (NSLB) in 1935. During World War II he held the honorary rank of SS-Obergruppenf\u00fchrer and Reich Defense Commissar of Bayreuth. Prone to alcoholic outbursts and unpopular with the local residents, he eventually ran afoul of Martin Bormann in a political intrigue. W\u00e4chtler was shot on the orders from F\u00fchrer Headquarters near the end of the war on 19 April 1945.", "Q3737990": "Fabrizio Maria Corona (born 29 March 1974) is an Italian television and media personality and former paparazzo.\n\n", "Q5035920": "Capitol Records Nashville is a major United States-based record label located in Nashville, Tennessee operating as part of the Universal Music Group Nashville. From 1991 to 1995, Capitol Nashville was known as Liberty Records, before returning to the Capitol Nashville name in 1995. While under the Liberty name, the label operated short-lived sister label Patriot Records from 1994 to 1995. In 1999, EMI launched Virgin Records Nashville but by 2001, Capitol absorbed the short-lived label. In 2010, the label launched sister label EMI Nashville. On March 23, 2011, Alan Jackson signed with Capitol's EMI Nashville division in conjunction with his own ACR Records label.\nCapitol Nashville was also home to several successful comedy artists.", "Q1514": "Janis Lyn Joplin (January 19, 1943 \u2013 October 4, 1970) was an American singer-songwriter who sang rock, soul and blues music. One of the most successful and widely known rock stars of her era, she was noted for her powerful mezzo-soprano vocals and \"electric\" stage presence.In 1967, Joplin rose to fame following an appearance at Monterey Pop Festival, where she was the lead singer of the then little-known San Francisco psychedelic rock band Big Brother and the Holding Company. After releasing two albums with the band, she left Big Brother to continue as a solo artist with her own backing groups, first the Kozmic Blues Band and then the Full Tilt Boogie Band. She appeared at the Woodstock festival and the Festival Express train tour. Five singles by Joplin reached the Billboard Hot 100, including a cover of the Kris Kristofferson song \"Me and Bobby McGee\", which reached number 1 in March 1971. Her most popular songs include her cover versions of \"Piece of My Heart\", \"Cry Baby\", \"Down on Me\", \"Ball and Chain\", and \"Summertime\"; and her original song \"Mercedes Benz\", her final recording.Joplin died of an accidental heroin overdose in 1970 at age 27, after releasing three albums. A fourth album, Pearl, was released in January 1971, just over three months after her death. It reached number one on the Billboard charts. She was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995. Rolling Stone ranked Joplin number 46 on its 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and number 28 on its 2008 list of 100 Greatest Singers of All Time. She remains one of the top-selling musicians in the United States, with Recording Industry Association of America certifications of 15.5 million albums sold.\n\n", "Q461860": "Douglas Harry \"Wheels\" Wheelock (born May 5, 1960) is an American engineer and astronaut. He has flown in space twice, logging 178 days on the Space Shuttle, International Space Station, and Russian Soyuz. On July 12, 2011, Wheelock announced that he would be returning to active duty with the United States Army in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. He is currently working with NASA to test the Orion spacecraft at the Glenn Research Center in Plum Brook, Ohio.\n\n", "Q371182": "Harry Bolton Seed (August 19, 1922 \u2013 April 23, 1989) was an educator, scholar, former Professor at the University of California, Berkeley. He was regarded as the founding father of geotechnical earthquake engineering.", "Q1277090": "Robert Earl Johnson (August 24, 1886 in Gwinnett County, Georgia \u2013 May 31, 1965) was an old time fiddler who was influenced by the music of Gid Tanner and his Skillet Lickers.", "Q326964": "Albert Edward \"Eddie\" Calvert (15 March 1922 \u2013 7 August 1978) was an English trumpeter, who enjoyed his greatest success in the 1950s. Between 1953 and 1958, Calvert achieved seven instrumental hits on the UK Singles Chart including two chart-toppers, \"Oh, Mein Papa\" in 1953 and \"Cherry Pink (and Apple Blossom White)\" in 1955.", "Q503997": "David Benioff (; n\u00e9 Friedman ; born September 25, 1970) is an American screenwriter and television producer, writer, and director. Along with his collaborator D. B. Weiss, he is best-known as co-creator, showrunner, and writer of Game of Thrones (2011\u20132019), the HBO adaptation of George R. R. Martin's series of books A Song of Ice and Fire. He is also known for writing Troy (2004) and co-writing X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009).", "Q4802417": "Arvid Grundekj\u00f8n (born 26 June 1955) is a Norwegian businessperson and conservative politician.\nHe was chairman of Statkraft and awarded in 2009 Chair of the Year for his work, making Statkraft the largest producer of renewable energy in Europe. and Anders Wilhelmsen Group, and is a board member of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. and Dampskibsselskabet Norden.Grundekj\u00f8n is Honorary Consul for Latvia in Norway, and has been awarded with the Order of the Three Stars.Grundekj\u00f8n was the mayor of Kristiansand 2011 - 2015, representing the Conservative Party (Norway).", "Q797828": "Baby Boy Warren (August 13, 1919 \u2013 July 1, 1977) was an American blues singer and guitarist who was a leading figure on the Detroit blues scene in the 1950s.", "Q171890": "Eug\u00e8ne Martin (March 24, 1915 in Suresnes \u2013 October 12, 2006 in Aytre) was a racing driver from France. He participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on May 13, 1950. He scored no championship points.\nMartin is better known for his participation in several of the prewar grands prix. He won the first Grand Prix Aix les Bains Circuit du Lac in 1949 with a Jicey-BMW developed by Jean Caillas.In the 1950s he embarked on a brief career as an auto-maker, working at the Paris-based garage he owned with his father to produce the Martin-Sp\u00e9ciale. The car was exhibited at the 1952 Paris Motor Show but never progressed to series production.\nHe was one of the last surviving drivers from that era until his death at a hospital near his home in La Rochelle in 2006.", "Q118826": "Albin Zollinger (24 January 1895 \u2013 7 November 1941) was a Swiss writer.", "Q126710": "Harold Warren Moon (born November 18, 1956) is a former American and Canadian football quarterback who played professionally for 23 seasons. He spent the majority of his career with the Houston Oilers of the National Football League (NFL) and the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Moon also played for the Minnesota Vikings, Seattle Seahawks, and Kansas City Chiefs in the NFL. Moon also served as a broadcaster for the Seahawks.\nMoon began his professional career with the Eskimos in 1978, after going unselected in the NFL Draft. His success during his six seasons in the CFL led him to the NFL in 1984 with the Oilers. Over his 17 NFL seasons, Moon was named to nine Pro Bowls and made seven playoff appearances. Following ten seasons with the Oilers, he had brief multiple-year stints with the Vikings, Seahawks, and Chiefs before retiring at age 44.\nAt the time of his retirement, Moon held several all-time professional gridiron football passing records. He was less successful in the NFL postseason, never advancing beyond the division round of the playoffs, although he won five Grey Cups in the CFL. Moon was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2006, becoming the first African-American quarterback and the first undrafted quarterback to receive the honor.", "Q1480643": "Paris-Sud University (French: Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud), also known as University of Paris \u2014 XI, was a French research university distributed among several campuses in the southern suburbs of Paris, including Orsay, Cachan, Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, Sceaux, and Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre campuses. The main campus is located in Orsay (48.699890\u00b0N 2.173309\u00b0E\ufeff / 48.699890; 2.173309). Starting from 2020 University Paris Sud has been replaced by the University of Paris-Saclay\nParis-Sud is one of the largest and most prestigious universities in France, particularly in science and mathematics. The university is ranked 1st in France, 9th in Europe and 37th worldwide by 2019 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) in particular it is ranked as 1st in Europe for physics and 2nd in Europe for mathematics.\nFive Fields Medalists and two Nobel Prize Winners have been affiliated to the university.On 16 January 2019, Alain Sarfati was elected President of Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud. He succeeds Sylvie Retailleau who was elected as President of ComUE Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay.", "Q909827": "The Conservative Party of Canada has gone by a variety of names over the years since Canadian Confederation. Initially known as the \"Liberal-Conservative Party\", it dropped \"Liberal\" from its name in 1873, although many of its candidates continued to use this name.\nAs a result of World War I and the Conscription Crisis of 1917, the party joined with pro-conscription Liberals to become the \"Unionist Party\", led by Robert Borden from 1917 to 1920, and then the \"National Liberal and Conservative Party\" until 1922. It then reverted to \"Liberal-Conservative Party\" until 1938, when it became simply the \"National Conservative Party\". It ran in the 1940 election as \"National Government\" even though it was in opposition.\nThe party was almost always referred to as simply the \"Conservative Party\" or Tories.\nIn 1942, the Tories attempted to broaden their base by electing Manitoba Progressive Premier John Bracken as their new leader at the 1942 leadership convention. Bracken agreed to become the party's leader on the condition that it change its name to the \"Progressive Conservative Party of Canada\".", "Q14994": "Henri Jaspar (28 July 1870 \u2013 15 February 1939) was a Belgian Catholic Party politician.\nJaspar was born in Schaerbeek and trained as a lawyer. He represented Li\u00e8ge as a Catholic in the Belgian Chamber of Representatives from 1919 until 1936. He helped create the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union in 1921, and served as the 27th Prime Minister of Belgium from 1926 to 1931. In 1924 he was made an honorary Minister of State.\nHe held several ministerial positions including;\n\nMinister of Economic Affairs (1918\u20131920)\nForeign Minister (1920\u20131924 and 1934)\nMinister of Finance (1932\u20131934)", "Q262854": "Lancaster University (legally the University of Lancaster) is a collegiate public research university in Lancaster, Lancashire, England. The university was established by royal charter in 1964, one of several new universities created in the 1960s.\nThe university was initially based in St Leonard's Gate in the city centre, before moving in 1968 to a purpose-built 300 acres (120 ha) campus at Bailrigg, 4 km (2.5 mi) to the south. The campus buildings are arranged around a central walkway known as the Spine, which is connected to a central plaza, named Alexandra Square in honour of its first chancellor, Princess Alexandra.\nLancaster is one of only six collegiate universities in the UK; the colleges are weakly autonomous. The eight undergraduate colleges are named after places in the historic county of Lancashire, and each have their own campus residence blocks, common rooms, administration staff, and bars.\nLancaster is ranked in the top ten in all three national league tables, and received a Gold rating in the Government's inaugural (2017) Teaching Excellence Framework. In 2018 it was awarded University of the Year by The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide, and achieved its highest ever national ranking of 6th place within the guide's national table. The annual income of the institution for 2016-17 was \u00a3267.0 million of which \u00a337.7 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3268.7 million.Along with the universities of Durham, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Sheffield and York, Lancaster is a member of the N8 Group of research universities. Elizabeth II, Duke of Lancaster, is the visitor of the University. The current chancellor is Alan Milburn, since 2015.", "Q193815": "Ryan Thomas Gosling (born November 12, 1980) is a Canadian actor and musician. He began his career as a child star on the Disney Channel's The Mickey Mouse Club (1993\u20131995), and went on to appear in other family entertainment programs, including Are You Afraid of the Dark? (1995) and Goosebumps (1996). His first starring film role was as a Jewish neo-Nazi in The Believer (2001), and he went on to star in several independent films, including Murder by Numbers (2002), The Slaughter Rule (2002), and The United States of Leland (2003).\nGosling gained wider recognition in 2004 with a leading role in the commercially successful romance The Notebook. For playing a drug-addicted teacher in Half Nelson (2006), he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor, and he next played a socially inept loner in Lars and the Real Girl (2007). After a three-year acting hiatus, Gosling starred in the marital drama Blue Valentine (2010). Gosling co-starred in three mainstream films in 2011, the romantic comedy Crazy, Stupid, Love, the political drama The Ides of March, and the action drama Drive. His directorial debut, Lost River, was released to poor reviews in 2014. Greater success came to Gosling when he starred in several critically acclaimed films, including the financial satire The Big Short (2015), and the romantic musical La La Land (2016), for which he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, and received a second Oscar nomination. Further acclaim followed with the science fiction Blade Runner 2049 (2017) and the biopic First Man (2018).\nGosling's band, Dead Man's Bones, released their self-titled debut album and toured North America in 2009. He is a co-owner of Tagine, a Moroccan restaurant in Beverly Hills, California. Gosling is a supporter of PETA, Invisible Children, and the Enough Project and has travelled to Chad, Uganda and eastern Congo to raise awareness about conflicts in the regions. Gosling has been involved in peace promotion efforts in Africa for over a decade. He has been in a relationship with American actress Eva Mendes since 2011, and they have two daughters.", "Q97323": "Sina-Valeska Jung (born June 17, 1979) is a German actress best known for her portrayal of Sarah Hofmann on the long-running German soap opera Verbotene Liebe on the German television channel Das Erste. Her first appearance was on 11 July 2006. Prior to appearing on Verbotene Liebe, she performed on the short-lived RTL Comedy Show, Comedy Nacht.\nShe was in a relationship with American Musician Jared Hasselhoff of the Bloodhound Gang from 2006\u20132012. Jared guest-starred as himself in two episodes of Verbotene Liebe which aired on 23\u201324 June 2008 .", "Q725042": "Jerrold Lewis \"Jerry\" Bock (November 23, 1928 \u2013 November 3, 2010) was an American musical theater composer. He received the Tony Award for Best Musical and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama with Sheldon Harnick for their 1959 musical Fiorello! and the Tony Award for Best Composer and Lyricist for the 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof with Sheldon Harnick.", "Q87130": "Johanna Mikl-Leitner (born (1964-02-09)9 February 1964) is an Austrian politician (\u00d6VP) and since 19 April 2017 the governor of Lower Austria.", "Q76877": "Elizabeth Marvel (born November 27, 1969) is an American actress. Her most prominent roles include Det. Nancy Parras on The District, Solicitor General Heather Dunbar on House of Cards, and President Elizabeth Keane on Homeland. Film roles include Burn After Reading; Synecdoche, New York; True Grit; Lincoln (alongside husband Bill Camp); and The Meyerowitz Stories.\n\n", "Q269901": "Melora Diane Hardin (born June 29, 1967) is an American actress and singer, known for her roles as Jan Levinson on NBC's The Office and Trudy Monk on USA's Monk. More recently, Hardin appeared in a recurring role on Amazon's Transparent, for which she was nominated to receive a Primetime Emmy Award. Hardin currently stars as magazine editor-in-chief Jacqueline Carlyle on the Freeform comedy-drama The Bold Type, which premiered in July 2017.", "Q172341": "Ovarian cancer is a cancer that forms in or on an ovary. It results in abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. When this process begins, there may be no or only vague symptoms. Symptoms become more noticeable as the cancer progresses. These symptoms may include bloating, pelvic pain, abdominal swelling, and loss of appetite, among others. Common areas to which the cancer may spread include the lining of the abdomen, lymph nodes, lungs, and liver.The risk of ovarian cancer increases in women who have ovulated more over their lifetime. This includes those who have never had children, those who begin ovulation at a younger age and those who reach menopause at an older age. Other risk factors include hormone therapy after menopause, fertility medication, and obesity. Factors that decrease risk include hormonal birth control, tubal ligation, and breast feeding. About 10% of cases are related to inherited genetic risk; women with mutations in the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 have about a 50% chance of developing the disease. Ovarian carcinoma is the most common type of ovarian cancer, comprising more than 95% of cases. There are five main subtypes of ovarian carcinoma, of which high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common. These ovarian tumors are believed to start in the cells covering the ovaries, though some may form at the Fallopian tubes. Less common types of ovarian cancer include germ cell tumors and sex cord stromal tumors. A diagnosis of ovarian cancer is confirmed through a biopsy of tissue, usually removed during surgery.Screening is not recommended in women who are at average risk, as evidence does not support a reduction in death and the high rate of false positive tests may lead to unneeded surgery, which is accompanied by its own risks. Those at very high risk may have their ovaries removed as a preventive measure. If caught and treated in an early stage, ovarian cancer is often curable. Treatment usually includes some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Outcomes depend on the extent of the disease, the subtype of cancer present, and other medical conditions. The overall five-year survival rate in the United States is 45%. Outcomes are worse in the developing world.In 2012, new cases occurred in approximately 239,000 women. In 2015 it was present in 1.2 million women and resulted in 161,100 deaths worldwide. Among women it is the seventh-most common cancer and the eighth-most common cause of death from cancer. The typical age of diagnosis is 63. Death from ovarian cancer is more common in North America and Europe than in Africa and Asia.\n\n", "Q93145": "Jim Gettys (born 15 October 1953) is an American computer programmer. He was involved in multiple computer related projects.", "Q762": "Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (Italian: [leo\u02c8nardo di \u02ccs\u025br \u02c8pj\u025b\u02d0ro da (v)\u02c8vint\u0283i] (listen); 14/15 April 1452 \u2013 2 May 1519), known as Leonardo da Vinci (English: LEE-\u0259-NAR-doh d\u0259 VIN-chee, LEE-oh-, LAY-oh-), was an Italian polymath of the Renaissance whose areas of interest included invention, drawing, painting, sculpture, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, paleontology, and cartography. He has been variously called the father of palaeontology, ichnology, and architecture, and is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time (despite perhaps only 15 of his paintings having survived).Born out of wedlock to a notary, Piero da Vinci, and a peasant woman, Caterina, in Vinci, in the region of Florence, Italy, Leonardo was educated in the studio of the renowned Italian painter Andrea del Verrocchio. Much of his earlier working life was spent in the service of Ludovico il Moro in Milan, and he later worked in Rome, Bologna and Venice. He spent his last three years in France, where he died in 1519.\nLeonardo is renowned primarily as a painter. The Mona Lisa is the most famous of his works and the most popular portrait ever made. The Last Supper is the most reproduced religious painting of all time and his Vitruvian Man drawing is regarded as a cultural icon as well. Salvator Mundi was sold for a world record $450.3 million at a Christie's auction in New York, 15 November 2017, the highest price ever paid for a work of art. Leonardo's paintings and preparatory drawings\u2014together with his notebooks, which contain sketches, scientific diagrams, and his thoughts on the nature of painting\u2014compose a contribution to later generations of artists rivalled only by that of his contemporary Michelangelo.Although he had no formal academic training, many historians and scholars regard Leonardo as the prime exemplar of the \"Universal Genius\" or \"Renaissance Man\", an individual of \"unquenchable curiosity\" and \"feverishly inventive imagination.\" He is widely considered one of the most diversely talented individuals ever to have lived. According to art historian Helen Gardner, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent in recorded history, and \"his mind and personality seem to us superhuman, while the man himself mysterious and remote.\" Scholars interpret his view of the world as being based in logic, though the empirical methods he used were unorthodox for his time.Leonardo is revered for his technological ingenuity. He conceptualized flying machines, a type of armoured fighting vehicle, concentrated solar power, an adding machine, and the double hull. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or even feasible during his lifetime, as the modern scientific approaches to metallurgy and engineering were only in their infancy during the Renaissance. Some of his smaller inventions, however, entered the world of manufacturing unheralded, such as an automated bobbin winder and a machine for testing the tensile strength of wire. He is also sometimes credited with the inventions of the parachute, helicopter, and tank. He made substantial discoveries in anatomy, civil engineering, geology, optics, and hydrodynamics, but he did not publish his findings and they had little to no direct influence on subsequent science.", "Q19268": "Paradise Alley is a 1978 American sports drama film written and directed by Sylvester Stallone, who also starred in the role. It is Stallone's feature film directorial debut. The film tells the story of three brothers in Hell's Kitchen, New York City in the 1940s who become involved in professional wrestling.\nThis was the first major film in which Armand Assante appeared. Anne Archer also starred. Joe Spinell, a co-star of Rocky, played the wrestling MC.\nA number of professional wrestlers appeared, including Terry Funk as the foil to the hero. Cameos include Ted DiBiase, Bob Roop, Dick Murdoch, Dory Funk Jr., Don Leo Jonathan, Don Kernodle, Gene Kiniski, Dennis Stamp, Ray Stevens, and Uliuli Fifita. Playwright and screenwriter John Monks Jr appeared as Mickey the bartender.\n\n", "Q944927": "Tomislav Iv\u010di\u0107 (6 January 1953 \u2013 4 March 1993) was a Croatian pop singer, songwriter and politician. He died in a car accident and is buried in Zagreb at the Mirogoj Cemetery.\nA native of Zadar, Tomislav Iv\u010di\u0107 became one of the most popular singers and songwriters during his appearances on 1970s pop music festivals. His specialty was pop music inspired by Dalmatian folklore. One of his early hits included the country-rock influenced single \"Nemam za kavu\" from 1979. Iv\u010di\u0107 also wrote and performed \"Ve\u010deras je na\u0161a fe\u0161ta\", a song that would become a semi-official anthem of Dalmatia, often sung and performed whenever a Dalmatian athlete or sports team won a title or important game. He has written over two hundred songs and released twenty three albums during his career.\nDuring the war in Croatia, Iv\u010di\u0107 wrote the song \"Stop the War in Croatia\" which became a hit. It even charted in the Top 10 in Australia in 1991. In 1990, Iv\u010di\u0107 also became a member of Croatian Democratic Union. In February 1993 he ran as his party's candidate for House of Chambers of Croatian Parliament, and won a seat. A few weeks before he was supposed to take office and shortly after a Globus interview in which he was described as \"first Croatian senator,\" his automobile was involved in traffic accident that would claim his and lives of three more people.\nHis older half-brother \u0110ani Mar\u0161an is also an accomplished singer and songwriter, and his other older brother Vedran Iv\u010di\u0107, was, to a lesser degree, as well.", "Q57661": "Jean-Claude Juncker (Luxembourgish: [\u0292\u0251\u0303\u02d0klo\u02d0t \u02c8ju\u014bk\u0250]; born 9 December 1954) is a Luxembourg politician, who served as President of the European Commission from 2014 to 2019 and as the 23rd Prime Minister of Luxembourg from 1995 to 2013. He was also the Minister for Finances from 1989 to 2009.\nBy the time Juncker left office, he was the longest-serving head of any national government in the EU and one of the longest-serving democratically elected leaders in the world, with his tenure encompassing the height of the European financial and sovereign debt crisis. From 2005 to 2013, he served as the first permanent President of the Eurogroup.In 2014, the European People's Party (EPP) had Juncker as its lead candidate, or Spitzenkandidat, for the presidency of the Commission in the 2014 elections. This marked the first time that the Spitzenkandidat process was employed. Juncker is the first president to have campaigned as a candidate for the position prior to the election, a process introduced with the Treaty of Lisbon. The EPP won 220 out of 751 seats in the Parliament. On 27 June 2014, the European Council officially nominated Juncker for the position, and the European Parliament elected him on 15 July 2014 with 422 votes out of the 729 cast. He succeeded Jos\u00e9 Manuel Barroso as President on 1 November 2014.Juncker has stated that his priorities would be the creation of a digital single market, the development of an EU Energy Union, the negotiation of the Transatlantic Trade Agreement, the continued reform of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union\u2014with the social dimension in mind, a \"targeted fiscal capacity\" for the Eurozone, and the 2015-16 British EU membership renegotiations.", "Q11634": "Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or moulded or cast.\nSculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely. However, most ancient sculpture was brightly painted, and this has been lost.Sculpture has been central in religious devotion in many cultures, and until recent centuries large sculptures, too expensive for private individuals to create, were usually an expression of religion or politics. Those cultures whose sculptures have survived in quantities include the cultures of the ancient Mediterranean, India and China, as well as many in Central and South America and Africa.\nThe Western tradition of sculpture began in ancient Greece, and Greece is widely seen as producing great masterpieces in the classical period. During the Middle Ages, Gothic sculpture represented the agonies and passions of the Christian faith. The revival of classical models in the Renaissance produced famous sculptures such as Michelangelo's David. Modernist sculpture moved away from traditional processes and the emphasis on the depiction of the human body, with the making of constructed sculpture, and the presentation of found objects as finished art works.", "Q1628005": "The Membranes are an English post-punk band formed in Blackpool, Lancashire in 1977, the initial line-up being John Robb (bass guitar), Mark Tilton (guitar), Martyn Critchley (vocals) and Martin Kelly (drums). Critchley soon left, with Robb and Tilton taking on vocals, and Kelly moving to keyboards, with \"Coofy Sid\" (Coulthart) taking over on drums.Their first release was the \"Flexible Membrane\" flexi-disc in 1980, and over the next 11 years they went on to release six studio albums. Their first single proper, \"Muscles\", was a single of the week in the UK music press and a big club hit in New York being played in the Danceteria by the Beastie Boys eventual DJ Mojo and other New York DJs. Kelly left after \"Muscles\", to be replaced by Steve Farmery on guitar for the follow-up Pin Stripe Hype EP.The band pioneered the avant noise scene of Big Black and Sonic Youth for several years with their critically acclaimed \"Spike Milligan's Tape Recorder\" single and Death To Trad Rock EP and their debut Gift Of Life album. They were destined to be the first band to be signed to Alan McGee's Creation label, but the deal fell through when McGee could not afford to pay their studio bill for the \"Spike Milligan's Tape Recorder\" single. The band relocated to Manchester in 1983, and \"Spike Milligan's Tape Recorder\" was issued on the Criminal Damage label, which met with a positive critical response but distribution problems limited its impact.After The Membranes, Robb went on to form Sensurround and later Goldblade.\nIn 2009, the band reformed after My Bloody Valentine asked the band to play their All Tomorrows Parties festival. The Membranes then recorded the critically acclaimed Dark Matter/Dark Energy album and have been playing festivals across Europe since then as well as special event gigs such as at the top of Blackpool Tower. The band received press acclaim for a series of concerts they played with choirs in Estonia and Portugal as well as the BIMM choir in the UK.", "Q490899": "Anders Erik Birger Eliasson (3 April 1947 \u2013 20 May 2013) was a Swedish composer.", "Q48999": "Paul Richard Furay (born May 9, 1944) is an American singer, songwriter, and Rock & Roll Hall of Fame member. He is best known for forming the bands Buffalo Springfield with Stephen Stills, Neil Young, Bruce Palmer, and Dewey Martin, and Poco with Jim Messina, Rusty Young, George Grantham and Randy Meisner. His best known song (originally written during his tenure in Buffalo Springfield, but eventually performed by Poco, as well) was Kind Woman, which he wrote for his wife, Nancy.", "Q538901": "Shelby Lynne (born Shelby Lynn Moorer, October 22, 1968) is an American singer and songwriter and the older sister of Allison Moorer. The success of her pop rock album I Am Shelby Lynne (1999) led to her winning the Grammy Award for Best New Artist (despite being her sixth studio album). She released a Dusty Springfield tribute album called Just a Little Lovin' in 2008. Since then she has started her own independent record label, called Everso Records, and released three albums: Tears, Lies and Alibis, Merry Christmas, and Revelation Road. Lynne is also known for her distinctive contralto voice.", "Q315362": "Ben Okri OBE FRSL (born 15 March 1959) is a Nigerian poet and novelist. Okri is considered one of the foremost African authors in the post-modern and post-colonial traditions, and has been compared favourably to authors such as Salman Rushdie and Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez.", "Q269915": "Sinology or Chinese studies, is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of China primarily through Chinese philosophy, language, literature, culture and history and often refers to Western scholarship. Its origin \"may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization.\"The field of sinology was historically seen to be equivalent to the application of philology to China and until the 20th century was generally seen as meaning \"Chinese philology\" (language and literature). Sinology has broadened in modern times to include Chinese history, epigraphy and other subjects.", "Q47466": "John Vivian Drummond Nettles, OBE (born 11 October 1943) is a British actor and writer. Nettles is best known for playing the lead roles in the long-running television series Bergerac and Midsomer Murders.", "Q93151": "Avinash C. Kak (also known as Avi Kak, born 1944) is a professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University who has done pioneering research in several areas of information processing. His most noteworthy contributions deal with algorithms, languages, and systems related to networks (including sensor networks), robotics, and computer vision. Born in Srinagar, Kashmir, he was educated at College of Engineering, Guindy and Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. He joined the faculty of Purdue University in 1971.His brother is the computer scientist Subhash Kak and sister the literary theorist Jaishree Odin.\n\n", "Q354458": "Vladimir Davidovich Medem, n\u00e9 Grinberg (Latvian: Vladimirs Davidovi\u010ds M\u0113dems, Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c; 30 July 1879 in Liep\u0101ja, Russian Empire \u2013 9 January 1923 in New York City), was a Russian Jewish politician and ideologue of the Jewish Labour Bund. The Medem library in Paris, the largest European Yiddish institution, bears his name.", "Q57675": "Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak (Jawi: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0642; born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018. He was the former President of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the leading party in Malaysia's Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, which maintained control of Malaysia's government as a parliamentary majority for more than sixty years until the coalition's defeat in the 2018 general election.\nOn 3 July 2018, Najib was arrested by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), investigating how RM42 million (US$10.6 million) went from SRC International into Najib's bank account. Police seized 1,400 necklaces, 567 handbags, 423 watches, 2,200 rings, 1,600 brooches and 14 tiaras worth $273 million.", "Q706857": "Bakhmut (Ukrainian: \u0411\u0430\u0301\u0445\u043c\u0443\u0442, Russian: \u0411\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0443\u0301\u0442) formerly Artemivsk/Artyomovsk (Ukrainian: \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a, Russian: \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0451\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a), is a city of regional significance in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. On 4 February 2016 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine confirmed the name change of the city by returning to the original one. The city serves as an administrative center of Bakhmut Raion although it does not belong to the raion. It is located on the Bakhmutka River about 89 km away from the administrative center of the Donetsk Oblast, Donetsk. Population: 77,177\u2009(2015 est.)Bakhmut was a capital of Slavo-Serbia, which was established by Austrian migrants from Serbia. In 1920\u201324, the city was an administrative center of Donets Governorate of the Ukrainian SSR.", "Q37181": "Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva (Portuguese pronunciation: [lu\u02c8iz i\u02c8nasju \u02c8lul\u0250 d\u0250 \u02c8siwv\u0250] (listen); born 27 October 1945), popularly known simply as Lula, is a Brazilian politician and former union leader who served as the 35th President of Brazil from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2010. Lula was a founding member of the Workers' Party (PT) and ran unsuccessfully for president three times before achieving victory in the 2002 election, being re-elected in the 2006 election.The introduction of social programs such as Bolsa Fam\u00edlia and Fome Zero were hallmarks of his time in office. As president, Lula played a prominent role in international matters including activities related to the nuclear program of Iran and global warming, being described as \"a man with audacious ambitions to alter the balance of power among nations\". Succeeded by his former Chief of Staff, Dilma Rousseff, he left an enduring mark on Brazilian politics in the form of Lulism. He is the fifth President of Brazil who has ever gone to jail and the first to be arrested for corruption.Lula has been called one of the most popular politicians in the history of Brazil and while in office was one of the most popular in the world. He was featured in Time's 2010 The 100 Most Influential People in the World and Perry Anderson called him \"the most successful politician of his time\". In October 2011, Lula, who was a smoker for 40 years, was diagnosed with throat cancer and underwent chemotherapy, leading to a successful recovery. In early 2016, Lula was appointed Chief of Staff under Rousseff, but Justice Gilmar Mendes of the Supreme Federal Court blocked the appointment due to ongoing federal investigations.On 12 July 2017, Lula was convicted of money laundering and passive corruption, defined in Brazilian criminal law as the receipt of a bribe by a civil servant or government official. Lula was sentenced to nine years and six months in prison by judge S\u00e9rgio Moro, but he remained free pending an appeal of the sentence. On 24 January 2018, the Regional Federal Court of the 4th Region, which is a panel of three appellate judges, unanimously upheld Moro's ruling against Lula and increased the sentence to 12 years. On 5 April 2018, the Supreme Federal Court voted to reject Lula's habeas corpus plea and on the same day a warrant was issued for his arrest. He turned himself in and began serving his sentence on 7 April 2018. He was sentenced to 12 years in prison and jailed on 7 April 2018 on charges of money laundering and passive corruption.He announced his candidacy for the 2018 presidential election, but he was disqualified from running under Brazil's Clean Slate Law by the Superior Electoral Court on 31 August 2018 and was replaced by Fernando Haddad on 11 September 2018. The United Nations Human Rights Committee requested that the Brazilian government allow Lula to exercise his political rights as a presidential candidate. Prior to being barred, Lula led all scenarios in polls for the October election, achieving 39 percent in voter intentions within one month of the first round.On 8 November 2019, after 580 days in jail, Lula was released from prison following a supreme court's decision that defendants can remain free until they have exhausted all appeals as well as increasing claims by his allies of a lack of evidence behind his arrest.", "Q242548": "Edna May Oliver (born Edna May Nutter, November 9, 1883 \u2013 November 9, 1942) was an American stage and film actress. During the 1930s, she was one of the better-known character actresses in American films, often playing tart-tongued spinsters.", "Q448558": "Mar\u00eda Cristina Kiehr (born in Tandil, Argentina) is a soprano vocalist associated with Baroque music. After receiving her early musical training in Argentina, she moved in 1983 to Europe and studied under Ren\u00e9 Jacobs at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis, specializing in the Baroque repertoire. She performs and records for the Harmonia Mundi label.", "Q575815": "Jan Drda (April 4, 1915, P\u0159\u00edbram \u2013 November 28, 1970, Dob\u0159\u00ed\u0161) was a Czech journalist, politician, playwright, screenwriter and author of modern fairytales. He was the Czech State Prize Laureate in 1949 and 1953, and was a nominated again for the same prize in 1965.", "Q129437": "Ritratto di borghesia in nero (also known as Nest of Vipers and Portrait of a Bourgeois in Black) is a 1978 Italian drama film directed by Tonino Cervi. \nBased on the 1949 short story La ma\u00eetresse de piano (The Piano Teacher) by Roger Peyrefitte and set in Venice under fascism, its themes include illicit sex, betrayal, revenge, blackmail, perjury, police corruption and murder.", "Q6509": "Burgas (Bulgarian: \u0411\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0441, pronounced [bur\u02c8\u0261as]), sometimes transliterated as Bourgas, is the second largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in the region of Northern Thrace and the fourth-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna, with a population of 202,694 inhabitants, while 277,922 live in its urban area. It is the capital of Burgas Province and an important industrial, transport, cultural and tourist centre.\nThe city is surrounded by the Burgas Lakes and located at the westernmost point of the Black Sea, at the large Burgas Bay. The LUKOIL Neftochim Burgas is the largest oil refinery in southeastern Europe and the largest industrial enterprise. The Port of Burgas is the largest port in Bulgaria, and Burgas Airport is the second most important in the country. Burgas is the centre of the Bulgarian fishing and fish processing industry.", "Q126704": "Kaarel Eenpalu (until 1935 named Karl August Einbund) (28 May [O.S. 16 May] 1888 in Paju talu, Vesneri Parish, Tartu County, Estonia, Russian Empire \u2013 27 January 1942, Kirov Oblast, Russia, USSR) was an Estonian journalist, politician and head of state, who served as 7th Prime Minister of Estonia.", "Q921167": "Yuri Vasilievich Kondratyuk (real name Aleksandr Ignatyevich Shargei, Ukrainian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0413\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439, Oleksandr Hnatovych Sharhei) (21 June 1897 \u2013 February 1942) was a Soviet engineer and mathematician. He was a pioneer of astronautics and spaceflight, a theoretician and a visionary who, in the early 20th century, developed the first known lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR), a key concept for landing and return spaceflight from Earth to the Moon. The LOR was later used for the plotting of the first actual human spaceflight to the Moon. Many other aspects of spaceflight and space exploration are covered in his works.\nKondratyuk made his scientific discoveries in circumstances of war, repetitious persecutions from authorities and serious illnesses.\n\"Yuriy Kondratyuk\" is a stolen identity under which the author was hiding after the Russian revolution and became known to the scientific community.\n\n", "Q171884": "Pascal Fabre (born 9 January 1960 in Lyon) is a former racing driver from France. He participated in 14 Formula One Grands Prix with the uncompetitive AGS team, debuting on 12 April 1987. He scored no championship points and was replaced before the end of the season by Roberto Moreno. His best finish was ninth place in both the French and British Grands Prix.He later raced for Courage Comp\u00e9tition from 1988 to 1990 in the World Sportscar Championship and made short-term appearances for various other sports car teams throughout the 1990s.", "Q3070658": "Mohamed Hechmi Hamdi (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u200e), also spelled Mohamed el Hachmi El-Hamdi, Hechmi Haamdi, or Hachmi Hamdi is a Tunisian journalist, media entrepreneur and politician, who lives in London. He is founder and owner of the oppositional Al Mustakillah TV channel. After the Tunisian Revolution in 2011 he founded the \"Popular Petition\" party later renamed to Current of Love.", "Q552272": "Antonio Bertali (probably March 1605 \u2013 17 April 1669) was an Italian composer and violinist of the Baroque era.\n\nHe was born in Verona and received early music education there from Stefano Bernardi. Probably from 1624, he was employed as court musician in Vienna by Emperor Ferdinand II. In 1649, Bertali succeeded Giovanni Valentini as court Kapellmeister. He died in Vienna in 1669 and was succeeded in his post by Giovanni Felice Sances.\nBertali's compositions are in the manner of other northern Italian composers of the time and include operas, oratorios, a large number of liturgical works, and chamber music. Particularly his operas are notable for establishing the tradition of Italian opera seria in Vienna. Approximately half of his work is now lost; copies survive made by Bertali's contemporary, Pavel Josef Vejvanovsk\u00fd, some of the pieces are currently in possession of Vienna's Hofbibliothek, the library of the Kremsm\u00fcnster Abbey and the Krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017e archive. The most important source for Bertali's work is, however, the Viennese Distinta Specificatione catalogue, which lists several composers of the Habsburg court and provides titles and scoring for more than two thousand compositions.\nThe \"Chaconne\" or Ciaccona is perhaps his best-known work.", "Q97337": "Brigitte Grothum (born 26 February 1935) is a German film actress. She has appeared in 50 films since 1955. She was born in Dessau, Germany.", "Q715195": "Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum (Russian: \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042d\u0439\u0445\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0301\u0443\u043c, French: Vsevolod Mikha\u00eflovitch Eichenbaum; 11 August 1882 \u2013 18 September 1945), known in later life as Volin or (the spelling he used himself) Voline (\u0412\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0438\u043d), was a leading Russian anarchist who participated in the Russian and Ukrainian Revolutions before being forced into exile by the Bolshevik Party government. He was a main proponent of the anarchist organizational form known as synthesis anarchism.\n\n", "Q262840": "Karen Cliche (; born July 22, 1976) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her roles as a regular on the television series Vampire High, Adventure Inc., Mutant X, Young Blades and Flash Gordon.", "Q678437": "Montclair () is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 37,669, reflecting a decline of 1,308 (\u22123.4%) from the 38,977 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,248 (+3.3%) from the 37,729 counted in the 1990 Census. As of 2010, it was the 60th-most-populous municipality in New Jersey.Montclair was first formed as a township on April 15, 1868, from portions of Bloomfield Township, so that a second railroad could be built to Montclair. After a referendum held on February 21, 1894, Montclair was reincorporated as a town, effective February 24, 1894. It derives its name from the French mont clair, meaning \"clear mountain\" or \"bright mountain.\"In 1980, after multiple protests filed by Montclair officials regarding the inequities built into the federal revenue sharing system, Montclair passed a referendum changing its name to the \"Township of Montclair,\" becoming the third of more than a dozen Essex County municipalities to reclassify themselves as townships to take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis.Montclair, which opened the state's first dispensary in December 2012, joins Bellmawr, Cranbury, Egg Harbor Township and Woodbridge Township as one of the five municipalities (of 565 in the state) that have authorized dispensaries for the sale of medical marijuana.", "Q14980": "Tsarevich Dmitry or Dmitri Ivanovich (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447, tr. Dmitrii Ivanovich; 19 October 1582 \u2013 15 May 1591), also known as Dmitry of Uglich (\u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0423\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, Uglichskii) or Dmitry of Moscow (\u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, Moskovskii), was a Russian tsarevich famously impersonated by a series of pretenders after the death of his father Ivan the Terrible.", "Q179200": "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (initialized as MGM; often referred to as Metro; common metonym: the Lion or Leo) is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. One of the world's oldest film studios, MGM's corporate headquarters are located at 245 North Beverly Drive in Beverly Hills, California.MGM was founded in 1924 when the entertainment entrepreneur Marcus Loew gained control of Metro Pictures, Goldwyn Pictures, and Louis B. Mayer Pictures.In 1971, it was announced that MGM was to merge with 20th Century Fox, but the plan never came to fruition. Over the next 39 years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3, 2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM emerged from bankruptcy on December 20, 2010, at which time the executives of Spyglass Entertainment, Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum, became co-chairmen and co-CEOs of the holding company of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol \"MGM\", was created in 1973 as a division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The company was spun out in 1979, with the studio's then owner Kirk Kerkorian maintaining a large share, but it ended all affiliation with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1986.", "Q90458": "Helmuth Lohner (24 April 1933 \u2013 23 June 2015) was an Austrian actor, theatre director, and from 1997 to 2006 director of the Theater in der Josefstadt.", "Q4141350": "Golders Green Crematorium and Mausoleum was the first crematorium to be opened in London, and one of the oldest crematoria in Britain. The land for the crematorium was purchased in 1900, costing \u00a36,000, and the crematorium was opened in 1902 by Sir Henry Thompson.Golders Green Crematorium, as it is usually called, is in Hoop Lane, off Finchley Road, Golders Green, London NW11, ten minutes' walk from Golders Green Underground station. It is directly opposite the Golders Green Jewish Cemetery (Golders Green is an area with a large Jewish population). The crematorium is secular, accepts all faiths and non-believers; clients may arrange their own type of service or remembrance event and choose whatever music they wish.The crematorium gardens are listed at Grade I in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.", "Q880965": "Ross Shaw Sterling (February 11, 1875 \u2013 March 25, 1949) was an American politician who was the 31st Governor of Texas, serving a single two-year term from January 20, 1931, to January 17, 1933.", "Q87124": "Willibald P. Pahr (born in Vienna on 5 June 1930) is an Austrian politician and diplomat.", "Q243130": "Olivia Mary Manning (2 March 1908 \u2013 23 July 1980) was a British novelist, poet, writer, and reviewer. Her fiction and non-fiction, frequently detailing journeys and personal odysseys, were principally set in the United Kingdom, Europe, and the Middle East. She often wrote from her personal experience, though her books also demonstrate strengths in imaginative writing. Her books are widely admired for her artistic eye and vivid descriptions of place.\nManning's youth was divided between Portsmouth and Ireland, giving her what she described as \"the usual Anglo-Irish sense of belonging nowhere\". She attended art school and moved to London, where her first serious novel, The Wind Changes, was published in 1937. In August 1939 she married R. D. Smith (\"Reggie\"), a British Council lecturer posted in Bucharest, Romania, and subsequently lived in Greece, Egypt, and British Mandatory Palestine as the Nazis overran Eastern Europe. Her experiences formed the basis for her best-known work, the six novels making up The Balkan Trilogy and The Levant Trilogy, known collectively as Fortunes of War. Critics judged her overall output to be of uneven quality, but this series, published between 1960 and 1980, was described by Anthony Burgess as \"the finest fictional record of the war produced by a British writer\".Manning returned to London after the war and lived there until her death in 1980; she wrote poetry, short stories, novels, non-fiction, reviews, and drama for the British Broadcasting Corporation. Both Manning and her husband had affairs, but they never contemplated divorce. Her relationships with writers such as Stevie Smith and Iris Murdoch were difficult, as an insecure Manning was envious of their greater success. Her constant grumbling about all manner of subjects is reflected in her nickname, \"Olivia Moaning\", but Smith never wavered in his role as his wife's principal supporter and encourager, confident that her talent would ultimately be recognised. As she had feared, real fame only came after her death in 1980, when an adaptation of Fortunes of War was televised in 1987.\nManning's books have received limited critical attention; as during her life, opinions are divided, particularly about her characterisation and portrayal of other cultures. Her works tend to minimise issues of gender and are not easily classified as feminist literature. Nevertheless, recent scholarship has highlighted Manning's importance as a woman writer of war fiction and of the British Empire in decline. Her works are critical of war and racism, and colonialism and imperialism; they examine themes of displacement and physical and emotional alienation.\n\n", "Q330874": "M\u00e5rten Gustaf Mickos (born November 6, 1962 in Espoo, Finland) is a technology executive based in San Francisco. He is the current CEO of HackerOne, a security vulnerability coordination and bug bounty platform.Mickos was chief executive officer of MySQL AB from January 2001 to February 2008, when Sun Microsystems bought MySQL AB. He served as senior vice president of the database group at Sun Microsystems until March 2009.Mickos moved from Finland to Los Altos Hills, CA in 2003 and currently resides in San Francisco.", "Q96997": "Ernst Hermann Ludimar Meyer (8 December 1905 \u2013 8 October 1988) was a German composer and musicologist.\nHis works include numerous songs, as well as chamber music, two symphonies and other works for orchestra, an opera, and an oratorio. He wrote numerous musicological articles as well as a book on English chamber music. His pupils included Serge Hovey. As a musicologist, he edited numerous manuscripts by English composers of the Tudor and Renaissance periods (for example, Englische Fantasien aus dem 17. Jahrhundert : f\u00fcr drei Streichinstrumente = English fantasias from the 17th century : for three string instruments OCLC 2757300).", "Q1077028": "Chris Brokaw (born August 1, 1964) is an American musician, mostly known for his work with the bands Come and Codeine, in addition to his many collaborations and original soundtracks. His outlier, underground status, in addition to his constant touring, abundant collaborative projects, and prolific musical output, have resulted in Brokaw being repeatedly described as 'one of the hardest-working musicians in anti-show-business.'", "Q87642": "Peter Hintze (25 April 1950 \u2013 26 November 2016) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as a member of the German Bundestag from 1990 until his death in 2016.\nFrom 2013 until 2016, Hintze was one of the six Vice Presidents of the Bundestag. He had previously been federal chairman of the Evangelical Working Group of the CDU/CSU from 1990 to 1992 and general secretary of the CDU from 1992 to 1998. He was also Vice President of the Centrist Democrat International.\n\n", "Q8242": "Literature, most generically, is any body or collection of written works. More restrictively, literature refers to writing considered to be an art form or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value, and sometimes deploys language in ways that differ from ordinary usage.\nIts Latin root literatura/litteratura (derived itself from littera: letter or handwriting) was used to refer to all written accounts. The concept has changed meaning over time to include texts that are spoken or sung (oral literature), and non-written verbal art forms. Developments in print technology have allowed an ever-growing distribution and proliferation of written works, culminating in electronic literature.\nLiterature is classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction, and whether it is poetry or prose. Fiction can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story, or drama; and such works are often categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or genre.", "Q214068": "Friedrich Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (German: Friedrich Karl August F\u00fcrst zu Waldeck und Pyrmont; 25 October 1743 \u2013 24 September 1812) was Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont from 1763 to 1812.", "Q703091": "Ivar Kreuger (Swedish: [\u02c8\u01d0\u02d0var \u02c8kry\u030c\u02d0\u0261\u025br]; 2 March 1880 \u2013 12 March 1932) was a Swedish civil engineer, financier, entrepreneur and industrialist. In 1908, he co-founded the construction company Kreuger & Toll Byggnads AB, which specialized in new building techniques. By aggressive investments and innovative financial instruments, he built a global match and financial empire. Between the two world wars, he negotiated match monopolies with European, Central American and South American governments, and finally controlled between two thirds and three quarters of worldwide match production, becoming known as the \"Match King\".Kreuger's financial empire has been described by one biographer as a Ponzi scheme, based on the supposedly fantastic profitability of his match monopolies. However, in a Ponzi scheme early investors are paid dividends from their own money or that of subsequent investors. Although Kreuger did this to some extent, he also controlled many legitimate and often very profitable businesses, and owned banks, real estate, a gold mine, and pulp and industrial companies, besides his many match companies. Many of them have survived to this day. Kreuger & Toll, for example, was composed of bona fide businesses, and there were others like it. Another biographer called Kreuger a \"genius and swindler\", and John Kenneth Galbraith wrote that he was the \"Leonardo of larcenists\". Kreuger's financial empire collapsed during the Great Depression. The Price Waterhouse autopsy of his financial empire stated: \"The manipulations were so childish that anyone with but a rudimentary knowledge of bookkeeping could see the books were falsified.\" In March 1932, he was found dead in the bedroom of his flat in Paris. The police concluded that he had committed suicide, but decades later, his brother Torsten claimed that he had been murdered, which spawned some controversial literature on the subject.", "Q129351": "William Alexander Harris (August 24, 1805 \u2013 March 28, 1864) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia, father of William A. Harris.\n\n", "Q178678": "Kickboxing is a group of stand-up combat sports based on kicking and punching, historically developed from karate mixed with boxing. Kickboxing is practiced for self-defence, general fitness, or as a contact sport.Japanese kickboxing originated in the late 1950s, with competitions held since then. American kickboxing originated in the 1970s and was brought to prominence in September 1974, when the Professional Karate Association (PKA) held the first World Championships. Historically, kickboxing can be considered a hybrid martial art formed from the combination of elements of various traditional styles. This approach became increasingly popular since the 1970s, and since the 1990s, kickboxing has contributed to the emergence of mixed martial arts via further hybridization with ground fighting techniques from Brazilian jiu-jitsu and folk wrestling.\nThere is no single international governing body. International governing bodies include the World Association of Kickboxing Organizations, World Kickboxing Association, International Sport Karate Association, International Kickboxing Federation, and World Kickboxing Network, among others. Consequently, there is no single kickboxing world championship, and champion titles are issued by individual promotions, such as Glory, ONE Championship, K-1, SUPERKOMBAT and Kunlun Fight among others. Bouts organized under different governing bodies apply different rules, such as allowing the use of knees or clinching, etc.", "Q291076": "Alessio Saro (born May 30, 1975), (also known with the name of Billy Ballo and Nick Malanno), is an Italian actor and comedian. He works in Shortcut Production performing in comedy sketches with Marcello Macchia, Enrico Venti, Luigi Luciano and Franco Mari. In May 2009 he was arrested for having sex with a girl of thirteen. He was sentenced to four months in prison. After serving his sentence, he returned to acting in the TV movie Drammi Medicali (Medical Dramas).", "Q45517": "Agent Aika (\u30a2\u30a4\u30ab, Aika, stylized AIKa) is a Japanese OVA series animated by Studio Fantasia and directed by Katsuhiko Nishijima. The series follows Aika Sumeragi, a salvager for hire who gets caught up in a plot for world domination. The series was released in Japan from 1997\u20131999. The anime was initially licensed by Central Park Media, but was later licensed by Bandai Entertainment. The series is well known for its copious amounts of fan service, specifically the camera angles on panties of the many female characters that populate the show. On April 25, 2007, the first volume of the three-part prequel OVA AIKa R-16: Virgin Mission, detailing Aika's time when she was 16 years old, was released in Japan. A remastered version of the original series was released also, along with a special live-action edition of Agent Aika. In 2009, the sequel OVA AIKa ZERO with 19-year-old Aika was released.", "Q1500": "Jos\u00e9 Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (Spanish pronunciation: [xo\u02c8se ri\u02c8sal]; June 19, 1861 \u2013 December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during the tail end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is tagged as the national hero (pambansang bayani) of the Filipino people. An ophthalmologist by profession, Rizal became a writer and a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement, which advocated political reforms for the colony under Spain.\nHe was executed by the Spanish colonial government for the crime of rebellion after the Philippine Revolution, inspired in part by his writings, broke out. Though he was not actively involved in its planning or conduct, he ultimately approved of its goals which eventually led to Philippine independence.\nHe is widely considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines and has been recommended to be so honored by an officially empaneled National Heroes Committee. However, no law, executive order or proclamation has been enacted or issued officially proclaiming any Filipino historical figure as a national hero. He was the author of the novels Noli Me T\u00e1ngere and El filibusterismo, and a number of poems and essays.", "Q888487": "Bobby Howard Byrd (August 15, 1934 \u2013 September 12, 2007) was an American R&B/soul singer, songwriter, bandleader, talent scout, record producer, and musician, who played an integral and important part in the development of soul and funk music in association with James Brown. Byrd began his career in 1952 as member of the gospel group the Gospel Starlighters, who later changed their name to the Avons in 1953 and the Five Royals in 1954, before settling with the name the Flames in 1955 prior to Brown's joining the group; their agent later changed it to The Famous Flames. Byrd was the actual founder of The Flames and is credited with the discovery of James Brown. He also claims responsibility for writing most of James Brown's hits. As group founder, and one of the longest-serving members of the group, Byrd was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame posthumously in 2012. Byrd was also a 1998 recipient of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation's Pioneer Award. Byrd helped to inspire the musical aspirations of James Brown, who launched his career with Byrd.", "Q1353640": "The Schottmalhorn is a mountain in the Steinernes Meer on the border of Bavaria, Germany and Salzburg, Austria.", "Q728214": "Christian-Jaque (byname of Christian Maudet; 4 September 1904 \u2013 8 July 1994) was a French filmmaker. From 1954 to 1959, he was married to actress Martine Carol, who starred in several of his films, including Lucr\u00e8ce Borgia (1953), Madame du Barry (1954), and Nana (1955).\nChristian-Jaque's 1946 film A Lover's Return was entered into the 1946 Cannes Film Festival.\nHe won the Best Director award at the 1952 Cannes Film Festival for his popular swashbuckler Fanfan la Tulipe. At the 2nd Berlin International Film Festival, he won the Silver Bear award for the same film. In 1959, he was a member of the jury at the 1st Moscow International Film Festival.Christian-Jaque began his motion picture career in the 1920s as an art director and production designer. By the early 1930s, he had moved into screenwriting and directing. He continued working into the mid-1980s, though from 1970 on, most of his work was done for television. In 1979, he was a member of the jury at the 11th Moscow International Film Festival.Christian-Jaque was born in Paris. He died at Boulogne-Billancourt in 1994.", "Q144181": "Zahra Eshraghi (Persian: \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u200e, romanized: Zahr\u00e2 Eshr\u00e2qi) (born 1964) is an Iranian activist and former government official who believes in feminism and human rights.", "Q51562": "Ernst Lubitsch (; January 29, 1892 \u2013 November 30, 1947) was a German-American film director, producer, writer, and actor. His urbane comedies of manners gave him the reputation of being Hollywood's most elegant and sophisticated director; as his prestige grew, his films were promoted as having \"the Lubitsch touch\". Among his best known works are Trouble in Paradise, Design for Living, Ninotchka, The Shop Around the Corner, To Be or Not to Be and Heaven Can Wait.\nIn 1946, he received an Honorary Academy Award for his distinguished contributions to the art of the motion picture.", "Q12114803": "Crimean chamber (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044f, in transliterated form \"Krymska svitlytsia\") is the only national Ukrainian newspaper in Crimea. It is published since 31 December 1992.Its profile changed more than once during its existence, sometimes covering mostly social and political topics, sometimes becoming more literary and historical in its content, but always focusing on Crimean themes.\nSince 2006 the \"Crimean chamber\" editorial works as a part of the state-owned enterprise (SE) \"National newspaper and magazine publishing\".\nAs a result of the Russian occupation of Crimea in March 2014, the publisher had to stop the printed version of newspaper since February 2015, so that for over a year the newspaper existed only in electronic format. However, by an order of the publisher's board of directors in May 2016 the newspaper's editorial got evacuated from the occupied peninsula to Kiev, and after a forced break, since July 2016 the publishing of the printed version of \"Crimean chamber\" resumed in Kiev.\nThe entire editorial staff of the newspaper \"Crimean chamber\" are people from Crimea.Since 2017 is published under CC-BY 3.0 license.", "Q304509": "MCA Inc. (originally an initialism for Music Corporation of America) was an American media company founded in 1924. Originally a talent agency with artists in the music business as clients, the company became a major force in the film industry, and later expanded into television production. MCA published music, booked acts, ran a record company, represented film, television, and radio stars, and eventually produced and sold television programs to the three major television networks, but had an especially good relationship with NBC.\nMCA was the legal predecessor of Vivendi Universal and thereby NBCUniversal. Its other legal successor is Universal Studios Holding I Corp, a holding company owned by Vivendi, who also owns its former music assets through Universal Music Group (which has absorbed PolyGram) and Universal Music Publishing Group.", "Q3035462": "Dominique Senequier (born 1953) is a French businesswoman. She is president of Ardian (formerly Axa Private Equity), a private equity firm she created in 1996.", "Q373959": "Masanobu Ando (\u5b89\u85e4 \u653f\u4fe1, And\u014d Masanobu, born May 19, 1975) is a Japanese actor.\nAndo has appeared in films such as Takeshi Kitano's Kids Return (1996), Kinji Fukasaku's Battle Royale (2000), Takashi Miike's Sukiyaki Western Django (2007), and Chen Kaige's Forever Enthralled (2008). He also appears in Tsai Ming-liang's award-winning film No No Sleep (2015), in a series of statically filmed urban scenes without dialogue.\n\n", "Q827502": "Bert Vogelstein (born 1949) is director of the Ludwig Center, Clayton Professor of Oncology and Pathology and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at The Johns Hopkins Medical School and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center. A pioneer in the field of cancer genomics, his studies on colorectal cancers revealed that they result from the sequential accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. These studies now form the paradigm for modern cancer research and provided the basis for the notion of the somatic evolution of cancer. Together with Martin Nowak at Harvard University, he developed many mathematical models to understand the evolutionary process of cancer which lead to various hypotheses about mechanisms and timing of progression and seeding of metastases.\n\n", "Q58220": "Neboj\u0161a Kalu\u0111erovi\u0107 (born 1955 in Nik\u0161i\u0107, Montenegro, Yugoslavia) is a Montenegrin politician and diplomat, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs briefly in 2012. He served as the Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations for Montenegro between 11 August 2006 and 1 April 2010 and also as ambassador-at-large at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Montenegro.", "Q701686": "Joy is an Austrian pop band, best known for the hits \"Touch by Touch\" and \"Valerie\".", "Q455509": "Edmonde Charles-Roux (17 April 1920 \u2013 20 January 2016) was a French writer.", "Q577964": "Champaign (English: ) is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. The city is 135 miles (217 km) south of Chicago, 124 miles (200 km) west of Indianapolis, Indiana, and 178 mi (286 km) northeast of St. Louis, Missouri. The United States Census Bureau estimates the city was home to 88,029 people as of July 1, 2018. Champaign is the tenth-most populous city in Illinois, and the state's fourth-most populous city outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is included in the Champaign\u2013Urbana metropolitan area.\nChampaign is notable for sharing the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign with its sister city of Urbana. Champaign is also home to Parkland College which serves about 18,000 students during the academic year. Due to the university and a number of well known technology startup companies, it is often referred to as the hub, or a significant landmark, of the Silicon Prairie. Champaign houses offices for the Fortune 500 companies Abbott, Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Caterpillar, John Deere, Dow Chemical Company, IBM, and State Farm.", "Q31": "Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to the southwest, and the North Sea to the northwest. It covers an area of 30,689 km2 (11,849 sq mi) and has a population of more than 11.5 million, making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe, with a density of 376 per square kilometre (970/sq mi). The capital and largest city is Brussels; other major cities are Antwerp, Ghent, Charleroi and Li\u00e8ge.\nLegally, Belgium is a sovereign state and a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds. It is divided into three highly autonomous regions: the Flemish Region in the north, Wallonia in the south, and the Brussels-Capital Region. Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region, as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita.\nBelgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities: the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community, which constitutes about 60 percent of the population, and the French-speaking Community, which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians. A small German-speaking Community, numbering around one percent, exists in the East Cantons. The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual (French and Dutch), although French is the dominant language. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance, made up of six different governments.\nHistorically, Belgium is part of an area known as the Low Countries, a somewhat larger region than the current Benelux group of states that also included parts of northern France and western Germany. Its modern name is derived from the Latin word Belgium, used in Julius Caesar's \"Gallic War\", to describe the region in the period around 55 BCE. From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century, the area of Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan center of commerce and culture. Between the 16th and early 19th centuries, Belgium served as the battleground between many European powers, earning the moniker the \"Battlefield of Europe\", a reputation strengthened by both world wars. The country emerged in 1830 following the Belgian Revolution when it seceded from the Netherlands.\nBelgium participated in the Industrial Revolution and, during the course of the 20th century, possessed a number of colonies in Africa. The second half of the 20th century was marked by rising tensions between the Dutch-speaking and the French-speaking citizens fueled by differences in language and culture and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia. This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms, resulting in a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement during the period from 1970 to 1993. Despite the reforms, tensions between the groups have remained, if not increased; there is significant separatism particularly among the Flemish; controversial language laws exist such as the municipalities with language facilities; and the formation of a coalition government took 18 months following the June 2010 federal election, a world record. Unemployment in Wallonia is more than double that of Flanders, which boomed after the war.Belgium is one of the six founding countries of the European Union and its capital, Brussels, hosts the official seats of the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, and the European Council, as well as one of two seats of the European Parliament (the other being Strasbourg). Belgium is also a founding member of the Eurozone, NATO, OECD, and WTO, and a part of the trilateral Benelux Union and the Schengen Area. Brussels hosts several of the EU's official seats as well as the headquarters of many major international organizations such as NATO.Belgium is a developed country, with an advanced high-income economy. It has very high standards of living, quality of life, healthcare, education, and is categorized as \"very high\" in the Human Development Index. It also ranks as one of the safest or most peaceful countries in the world.", "Q257145": "Stanley Benjamin Kirsch (July 15, 1968 \u2013 January 11, 2020) was an American actor, screenwriter, director, and acting coach.", "Q1136060": "Cosimo Vincent Matassa (April 13, 1926 \u2013 September 11, 2014) was an American recording engineer and studio owner, responsible for many R&B and early rock and roll recordings.", "Q16629": "The Oberbauenstock is a mountain of the Urner Alps, overlooking Lake Lucerne in Central Switzerland. Its 2,117-metre-high (6,946 ft) summit is located on the border between the cantons of Nidwalden and Uri.", "Q726239": "Noise music is a category of music that is characterised by the expressive use of noise within a musical context. This type of music tends to challenge the distinction that is made in conventional musical practices between musical and non-musical sound. Noise music includes a wide range of musical styles and sound-based creative practices that feature noise as a primary aspect.\nSome of the music can feature acoustically or electronically generated noise, and both traditional and unconventional musical instruments. It may incorporate live machine sounds, non-musical vocal techniques, physically manipulated audio media, processed sound recordings, field recording, computer-generated noise, stochastic process, and other randomly produced electronic signals such as distortion, feedback, static, hiss and hum. There may also be emphasis on high volume levels and lengthy, continuous pieces. More generally noise music may contain aspects such as improvisation, extended technique, cacophony and indeterminacy. In many instances, conventional use of melody, harmony, rhythm or pulse is dispensed with.The Futurist art movement was important for the development of the noise aesthetic, as was the Dada art movement (a prime example being the Antisymphony concert performed on April 30, 1919 in Berlin), and later the Surrealist and Fluxus art movements, specifically the Fluxus artists Joe Jones, Yasunao Tone, George Brecht, Robert Watts, Wolf Vostell, Dieter Roth, Yoko Ono, Nam June Paik, Walter De Maria's Ocean Music, Milan Kn\u00ed\u017e\u00e1k's Broken Music Composition, early LaMonte Young and Takehisa Kosugi.Contemporary noise music is often associated with extreme volume and distortion. In the domain of experimental rock, examples include Lou Reed's Metal Machine Music, and Sonic Youth. Other examples of music that contain noise-based features include works by Iannis Xenakis, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Helmut Lachenmann, Cornelius Cardew, Theatre of Eternal Music, Glenn Branca, Rhys Chatham, Ryoji Ikeda, Survival Research Laboratories, Whitehouse, Coil, Merzbow, Cabaret Voltaire, Psychic TV, Jean Tinguely's recordings of his sound sculpture (specifically Bascule VII), the music of Hermann Nitsch's Orgien Mysterien Theater, and La Monte Young's bowed gong works from the late 1960s. Genres such as industrial, industrial techno, lo-fi music, black metal, sludge metal, and glitch music employ noise-based materials.", "Q60754": "Abdumalik Abdullayevich Abdullajanov (Tajik: \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043a \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043b\u043b\u043e\u04b7\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432; born January 1, 1949) is a Tajikistani politician, born in Leninabad. He served as the Prime Minister of Tajikistan from September 21, 1992, to December 18, 1993. He resigned as Prime Minister to become Tajikistan's first ambassador to Russia. In 1994, he ran in the second presidential elections in Tajikistan but, according to official reports, lost to Emomali Rahmon, Tajikistan's current president. After that, he left Tajikistan, stayed in Russia for several years, then moved to the United States in 1998 and lived there since then; Abdullajanov had refugee status there. Abdullajanov was detained at Boryspil International Airport (near Ukrainian capital Kiev) on the request of the Tajik authorities upon arriving from Los Angeles on 5 February 2013. Tajik authorities accuse Abdullajanov of plotting an assassination attempt on Rahmon on 30 April 1997, when the president was wounded in the leg. Abdullajanov was also charged with organizing a riot in the Sughd Province which claimed dozens of lives in 1998. Abdullajanov has denied any involvement in his interviews to Western media. On 4 April 2013 Ukraine freed Abdullajanov from detention and refused a request to extradite him to his homeland.Rumors have circulated that \"Abdullajanov would support an opposition candidate who has not yet declared his participation\" in the November 2013 Tajikistani presidential election, but because Abdullajanov has not been interviewed for a long time his stand on the issue is unclear.", "Q312380": "Christopher Eccleston (; born 16 February 1964) is an English actor. The recipient of an Emmy Award and two BAFTA Award nominations, Eccleston is best known for his work on television and in film \u2013 in particular for his collaborations with directors Danny Boyle and Michael Winterbottom and writers Peter Flannery, Jimmy McGovern and Russell T. Davies.\nEccleston trained at the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama in London and made his professional acting debut onstage in a Bristol Old Vic production of A Streetcar Named Desire. Eccleston garnered attention for his film roles as Derek Bentley in Let Him Have It and David Stevens in Shallow Grave and for his television performances in Cracker and Hillsborough. His BAFTA-nominated performance as Nicky Hutchinson in the BBC miniseries Our Friends in the North (1996) established Eccleston as a household name in the UK; he followed the serial with film roles in Jude, A Price Above Rubies, Elizabeth, eXistenZ, Gone in 60 Seconds, The Invisible Circus, The Others, 24 Hour Party People and 28 Days Later and television roles including the drama series Clocking Off and a second BAFTA-nominated performance as Messianic figure Stephen Baxter in the ITV drama serial The Second Coming.\nEccleston garnered widespread attention and acclaim for portraying the ninth incarnation of the Doctor in the 2005 revival of the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who, becoming the first to play the role since 1996. He departed the role after a single series, winning a National Television Award and receiving Broadcasting Press Guild Award and BAFTA Cymru Award nominations for his performance. Eccleston has since appeared in the television series Heroes, The Shadow Line, Blackout, Lucan, The Leftovers, Safe House, Fortitude and The A Word and films including G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, Thor: The Dark World and Legend. He won an International Emmy Award for his performance in an episode of the anthology series Accused. Onstage, Eccleston has played the title roles in productions of Hamlet and Macbeth as well as starring in productions of Miss Julie, A Doll's House and Antigone. Since 2017, Eccleston has narrated the documentary series Ambulance.", "Q4800599": "Arthur Wallis (1922\u20131988) was an itinerant Bible teacher and author. Through his teaching and writing, most notably his book The Radical Christian (1981), Wallis gained the reputation of \u2018architect\u2019 of that expression of UK evangelicalism initially dubbed \u2018the house church movement\u2019, more recently labeled British New Church Movement.", "Q113032": "Ernst Angel (11 August 1894, Vienna, Austria \u2013 10 January 1986, Newark, New Jersey) was an Austrian-born poet, theatre and film critic, screen play author, film director and publisher who later became a psychologist. He was Jewish.For a period of time, he worked with Rollo May, co-authoring a book.\nHe died in Newark Airport.", "Q3308968": "Michel Beaudouin-Lafon (20 July 1961) is a French computer scientist working in the field of human\u2013computer interaction. He received his PhD from the Paris-Sud 11 University in 1985. He is currently professor of computer science at Paris-Sud 11 University since 1992 (in the in Situ group) and was director of LRI, the laboratory for computer science, from 2002 to 2009.\nHe has worked in Human-Computer Interaction for over 20 years and was elected to the ACM SIGCHI Academy in 2006. His research interests include fundamental aspects of interaction, engineering of interactive systems, computer-supported cooperative work and novel interaction techniques. In 2004, his paper \"Designing interaction, not interfaces\" has been one of the most heavily downloaded papers in the ACM Digital Library. He has been featured in Ben Shneiderman's HCI Pioneers.Michel Beaudouin-Lafon was one of the founders, and first president, of AFIHM, the French national equivalent of Association for Computing Machinery SIGCHI. In recent years he has played major roles in CHI and UIST conferences, serving as program chair or program committee member. From 2002 to 2008, he was a member-at-large of the ACM Council and member of the ACM Publications Board.\n\n", "Q740157": "Alphonse Eug\u00e8ne Beau de Rochas (9 April 1815, Digne-les-Bains, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence \u2013 27 March 1893) was a French engineer who originated the principle of the four-stroke internal-combustion engine. His achievement lay partly in his emphasizing the previously unappreciated importance of compressing the fuel\u2013air mixture before ignition. He published his results in 1861, a year after Christian Reithmann was granted a patent in Germany and 16 years before Nicolaus Otto obtained his patent.", "Q465421": "Lygia Fagundes Telles (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8li\u0292i\u0259 fa\u02c8\u0261\u0169dis \u02c8t\u025blis]; born 19 April 1923) is a Brazilian novelist and short-story writer. Educated as a lawyer, she began publishing soon after she completed high school and simultaneously worked as a solicitor and writer throughout most of her career. She is a recipient of the Cam\u00f5es Prize, the highest literary award of the Portuguese language and her works have received honors and awards from Brazil, Chile and France. She was elected as the third woman in the Brazilian Academy of Letters in 1985 and holds Chair 16.", "Q1097651": "Jean-Pierre Petit (born 5 April 1937, Choisy-le-Roi) is a French scientist. He retired as a senior researcher at National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS).\nIn the early 1980s, Petit authored the science comic book series The Adventures of Archibald Higgins.\nHe explored ufology, 9/11 conspiracy theories; hypersonic military weapons like Aurora, Ayaks, Avangard. He engaged with French domestic policy issues, especially the yellow vests movement, which he publicly supported.", "Q1286928": "Opal Jean Amburgey (March 6, 1925 \u2013 August 19, 1995), known professionally as Jean Chapel, was an American country singer and songwriter. She recorded for several record labels and wrote over 400 songs, more than 170 of which were published in her lifetime.", "Q71659": "Christoph Werner Konrad (born 28 August 1957) is a German politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament for North Rhine-Westphalia from 1994 to 2009. He is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.Born in Bochum, Northrhine-Westphalia, Konrad attended the University of Bonn on a political science and legal studies major, earning his Ph.D. under supervision of Karl Dietrich Bracher in 1990.\n\n", "Q821198": "Berlin is an American new wave band originally formed in Orange County, California. The band gained mainstream-commercial success with singles including \"Sex (I'm A...)\", \"No More Words\" and the chart-topping \"Take My Breath Away\" from the 1986 film Top Gun. Band members included John Crawford (bass, vocals), Terri Nunn (vocals), David Diamond (keyboards), Ric Olsen (guitar), Matt Reid (keyboards) and Rod Learned (drums).", "Q3127927": "Harry Tenbrook (born Henry Olaf Hansen, 9 October 1887 \u2013 4 September 1960) was an American film actor.\nHenry Olaf Hansen was born in Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. His family migrated to the United States in 1892. Under the stage name, Harry Tenbrook, he appeared in some 332 films between 1911 and 1960. A favorite of John Ford, Tenbrook was a prominent member of the John Ford Stock Company. Only four actors appeared in more Ford films than Tenbrook. He died in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles from lung cancer. He was interred at the Pierce Brothers Valhalla Memorial Park in North Hollywood, California.", "Q15978655": "A consultant (from Latin: consultare \"to deliberate\") is a professional who provides expert advice in a particular area such as business, education, law, regulatory compliance, human resources, marketing (and public relations), finance, health care, engineering, science, security (electronic or physical), or any of many other specialized fields.\nA consultant is usually an expert or an experienced professional in a specific field and has a wide knowledge of the subject matter. The role of consultant outside the medical sphere (where the term is used specifically for a grade of doctor) can fall under one of two general categories:\n\nInternal consultant: someone who operates within an organization but is available to be consulted on areas of their specialization by other departments or individuals (acting as clients); or\nExternal consultant: someone who is employed externally to the client (either by a consulting firm or some other agency) whose expertise is provided on a temporary basis, usually for a fee. Consulting firms range in size from sole proprietorships consisting of a single consultant, small businesses consisting of a small number of consultants, to mid- to large consulting firms, which in some cases are multinational corporations. This type of consultant generally engages with multiple and changing clients, which are typically companies, non-profit organizations, or governments.By hiring a consultant, clients have access to deeper levels of expertise than would be financially feasible for them to retain in-house on a long-term basis. Moreover, clients can control their expenditures on consulting services by only purchasing as much services from the outside consultant as desired.\nConsultants provide their advice to their clients in a variety of forms. Reports and presentations are often used. However, in some specialized fields, the consultant may develop customized software or other products for the client. Depending on the nature of the consulting services and the wishes of the client, the advice from the consultant may be made public, by placing the report or presentation online, or the advice may be kept confidential, and only given to the senior executives of the organization paying for the consulting services.", "Q66325": "Buus is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q282787": "Michael Derek Elworthy Jarman (31 January 1942 \u2013 19 February 1994) was an English film director, stage designer, diarist, artist, gardener, and author.", "Q1677298": "Jackie Walker (born 1939) was an American popular music tenor singer of the late 1950s and early 1960s on Imperial Records. He also recorded as tenor of The Baysiders, a three-man, one woman vocal group that had been students together at UCLA.", "Q143605": "Tooth Fairy is a 2010 fantasy comedy family film directed by Michael Lembeck, produced by Jim Piddock, Jason Blum, Mark Ciardi and Gordon Gray, written by Lowell Ganz, Babaloo Mandel, Randi Mayem Singer, Joshua Sternin and Jeffrey Ventimilia with music by George S. Clinton and starring Dwayne Johnson, Ashley Judd, and Julie Andrews. Filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, it was co-produced by Walden Media and distributed and theatrically released by 20th Century Fox on January 22, 2010. The movie was given a negative reception from critics but it earned $112.5 million on a $48 million budget and was a success at the box office. Tooth Fairy was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc/DVD/digital copy combination pack on May 4, 2010. A direct-to-video sequel, Tooth Fairy 2, starred Larry the Cable Guy as the title character and was released on March 6, 2012.", "Q556941": "Peter Michael McCartney (born 7 January 1944), known professionally as Mike McGear, is a British performing artist and rock photographer who was a member of the groups The Scaffold and Grimms. He is the younger brother of former Beatles co-lead vocalist and bassist Paul McCartney.", "Q169946": "Kate Garry Hudson (born April 19, 1979) is an American actress, author, and fashion entrepreneur. She rose to prominence for her performance in the film Almost Famous (2000), for which she won a Golden Globe and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other films include How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days (2003), Raising Helen (2004), The Skeleton Key (2005), You, Me and Dupree (2006), Fool's Gold (2008), Bride Wars (2009), Nine (2009), Deepwater Horizon (2016), Mother's Day (2016) and Marshall (2017).\nHudson co-founded the fitness brand and membership program, Fabletics, operated by JustFab. In 2016, Hudson released her first book, Pretty Happy: Healthy Ways to Love Your Body, and in 2017, she released her second book, Pretty Fun: Creating and Celebrating a Lifetime of Tradition.", "Q183347": "Stanley Lloyd Kaufman Jr. (born December 30, 1945) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. With producer Michael Herz, he is the co-founder of Troma Entertainment film studio, and the director of many of their feature films, such as The Toxic Avenger and Tromeo and Juliet.", "Q111625": "Claudia Schreiber (born 1958 in Grebenstein, Hesse) is a German journalist and author.\nAfter studying journalism, education science and sociology at the University of G\u00f6ttingen and University of Mainz, 1979 \u2013 1985, M.A. degree, she worked as editor, reporter and anchorwoman for S\u00fcdwestfunk (SWF) and Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (ZDF), (children's newscast logo!, among others) broadcast networks. After stages in Moscow (1992 \u2013 1996) and Brussels (1996 \u2013 1998), she has been making her home in Cologne and is working as a freelance writer.\nIn her novel Emmas Gl\u00fcck (Emma\u2019s Bliss) of 2003, translated into nine languages, she included motifs from her hometown in northern Hesse. It has been her most successful work so far. With its crisp and witty sentences, its deadpan presentation of the improbable and eccentric and its deep sympathy for its cast of misfits, Schreiber's style in this book somewhat recalls that of Heinrich B\u00f6ll. A film of this book, directed by Sven Taddicken and starring J\u00f6rdis Triebel and J\u00fcrgen Vogel was released in Germany in 2006; its English title is Emma's Bliss.\nHer children's book Sultan und Kotzbrocken (Sultan and Scumbag), first published in 2004, has so far been translated into four languages. It was produced as a theater play in the \u201cTheater Junge Generation\u201d in Dresden in an adaptation by R\u00fcdiger Pape (director) and J\u00f6rg H\u00fcckler (dramaturgy). The \u201cTheaterkumpanei Ludwigshafen\u201d has produced a bilingual version of the play in an adaptation by B\u00e4rbel Maier; they perform it in German and Persian, both in Germany and Iran, at the Fadjr Festival, among others. At the 17th Hamedan Theater Festival ForChirldren&Adults 2010 it won several prices.\nSchreiber's book Ihr st\u00e4ndiger Begleiter (Her Constant Companion, subtitle: Fast eine Liebesgeschichte - Almost a Love Story) also draws on her personal history: It is the story of a young woman growing up in a strict and narrow-minded Christian community, as Schreiber did. The novel recounts the heroine's struggle to liberate herself from her pervading relationship with God, who constantly appears to her and with whom she converses familiarly. A Dutch translation of this book appeared in 2007.\nHer latest novel S\u00fc\u00df wie Schattenmorellen (Sweet as Morello Cherries) is a coming-of-age-story, most of it taking place in a cherry orchard. While in Emma\u2019s Luck Schreiber's topic was the end of life, she writes here about its beginning. A film of this book will be produced by Makido Production/Wien und Weimar, directed by Manuel Siebenmann. Together with him Claudia Schreiber is writing the script and again adopting her own novel.", "Q234353": "Lindsay Price (born December 6, 1976) is an American television actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Janet Sosna on Beverly Hills, 90210 and as Victory Ford on Lipstick Jungle. She is also known for her work on soap operas such as All My Children and The Bold and the Beautiful.", "Q542934": "Thor Anders Myhren (born 8 March 1978), better known as Destructhor, is a Norwegian musician and composer, currently the vocalist and guitarist for metal band Myrkskog and guitarist for black metal band Nordjevel. He is also the former guitarist for bands Morbid Angel and Zyklon. He joined Morbid Angel in 2008 and departed in 2015. He has worked as a live guitarist with 1349 including Inferno festival in 2008 and 2015. Most Recently, he plays with black/death metal project Nader Sadek in live settings, and has recorded solos for the project for their debut \" In the flesh\"", "Q275469": "Elsie de Wolfe, also known as Lady Mendl, (December 20, c. 1859 \u2013 July 12, 1950) was an American actress and interior decorator. \nBorn in New York City, de Wolfe was acutely sensitive to environment from her earliest years, and became one of the first women interior designers, replacing heavy Victorian styles with light, intimate effects and uncluttered room layouts. Her marriage to English diplomat Sir Charles Mendl was seen as one of convenience, though she was proud to be called Lady Mendl, and her lifelong companion was Elisabeth Marbury, with whom she lived in New York and Paris. De Wolfe was a prominent social figure, who entertained in the most distinguished circles.\n\n", "Q117254": "Ignazio Cassis (born 13 April 1961) is a Swiss physician and politician. He is affiliated to the FDP The Liberals and was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 20 September 2017. He has served since 1 November 2017 as head of the Department of Foreign Affairs.", "Q55937": "Roman Jacek Giertych (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8r\u0254man \u02c8\u0261\u02b2\u025brt\u0268x]; born 27 February 1971 in \u015arem, Poland) is a Polish politician and lawyer; he was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Education until August 2007. He was a member of the Sejm (the lower house of the Polish parliament) from 2001 until October 2007 and the chairman of the League of Polish Families party.", "Q331559": "Boris R\u00f6sner (25 January 1951 in Opava \u2013 31 May 2006 in Kladno) was a Czech actor. He starred in the film Posledn\u00ed propadne peklu under director Ludv\u00edk R\u00e1\u017ea in 1982.", "Q213934": "Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. Common meanings of the term are limited to when the canoeing is the central purpose of the activity. Broader meanings include when it is combined with other activities such as canoe camping, or where canoeing is merely a transportation method used to accomplish other activities. Most present-day canoeing is done as or as a part of a sport or recreational activity. In some parts of Europe canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an open canoe.\nA few of the recreational forms of canoeing are canoe camping and canoe racing. Other forms include a wide range of canoeing on lakes, rivers, oceans, ponds and streams.", "Q195525": "Quartet is a 2012 British comedy-drama film based on the play Quartet by Ronald Harwood, which ran in London's West End from September 1999 until January 2000. It was filmed late in 2011 at Hedsor House, Buckinghamshire. The film is actor Dustin Hoffman's directorial debut.", "Q326025": "Ted Templeman (born Edward John Templeman, October 24, 1942) is an American record producer.", "Q3487972": "The Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de l'histoire de France (SHF) (English: Society of the History of France) was established on 21 December 1833 at the instigation of the French minister of Public Instruction, Fran\u00e7ois Guizot, in order to contribute to the renewal of historical scholarship fuelled by a widespread interest in national history, typical of the Romantic period. On 31 July 1851 it was approved by President Louis-Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte as being of public interest. For over 175 years, the SHF has been one of the main forces in the publishing of texts and documents on French history. Many leading French historians of the 19th and 20th centuries have been elected to its annual presidency. Its field was initially limited to the period before 1789, but the SHF later absorbed the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d'histoire contemporaine (1927).\nIts series of critical editions and its periodicals (Bulletin and Annuaire, combined since 1863 under the title Annuaire-Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de l'histoire de France ABSHF) amount to over 500 volumes, containing considerable historical source material: mainly chronicles, memoirs, journals and letters, but also other documents such as financial or judicial records. A large proportion of all volumes published up to 1940 are now freely accessible online, through the digital library of the Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France, Gallica, and Google Books.\nThe SHF gathers twice a year for a lecture on a historical subject and, on occasions, holds conferences for a wider audience.\nMembership is open to both professional historians and serious amateurs interested in supporting and taking part in the activities of the SHF.\nAmong other resources, the SHF website provides the complete catalogue of publications (with links to all titles available for reading or buying online) and a general index of articles and documents published in the Annuaire-Bulletin from 1911 to the present.\nThe Current President is Claude Gauvard", "Q458978": "Emily Savitri Haines (born 25 January 1974) is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She is the lead singer, keyboardist and songwriter of the rock band Metric and a member of Broken Social Scene. As a solo artist, she has performed under her own name and under the moniker Emily Haines & The Soft Skeleton. Haines has a soprano vocal range.", "Q22201": "James Warren DeMint (born September 2, 1951) is an American political advocate, businessman, author, and retired politician who served as a United States Senator from South Carolina and as president of the Heritage Foundation. DeMint is a member of the Republican Party and a leading figure in the Tea Party movement; he is also the founder of the Senate Conservatives Fund.\nDeMint served as the United States Representative for South Carolina's 4th congressional district from 1999 to 2005. He was elected to the U.S. Senate from South Carolina in 2004 and was re-elected in 2010. DeMint served in the Senate until January 1, 2013, when he stepped down to become president of The Heritage Foundation. On May 2, 2017, DeMint resigned his position at Heritage at the request of its board. He later became a senior advisor to Citizens for Self-Governance and became the founding chairman of the Conservative Partnership Institute.", "Q937936": "Vladimir Alexandrovich Bazarov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432; 1874\u20131939) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, journalist, philosopher, and economist, born Vladimir Alexandrovich Rudnev. Bazarov is best remembered as a pioneer in the development of economic planning in the Soviet Union. He was one of the Russian Machists.", "Q588783": "Ross Aloisi (born 17 April 1973 in Adelaide, South Australia) is a former Australian footballer who was the captain of Adelaide United in the Hyundai A-League \u2013 a team he guided to a minor premiership, a pre-season cup and two Asian Champions League campaigns. After leaving Adelaide United in controversial circumstances, he played for Wellington Phoenix FC in the A-League where he was appointed their inaugural captain.", "Q466896": "Walter Brown Gibson (September 12, 1897 \u2013 December 6, 1985) was an American author and professional magician, best known for his work on the pulp fiction character The Shadow. Gibson, under the pen-name Maxwell Grant, wrote \"more than 300 novel-length\" Shadow stories, writing up to \"10,000 words a day\" to satisfy public demand during the character's golden age in the 1930s and 1940s. He authored several novels in the Biff Brewster juvenile series of the 1960s. He was married to Litzka R. Gibson, also a writer, and the couple lived in New York state.", "Q1680610": "James J. Couzens (August 26, 1872 \u2013 October 22, 1936) was a U.S. Senator from the state of Michigan, the Mayor of Detroit, an industrialist, and philanthropist.", "Q1046578": "M\u00fcbariz Mansimov (Azerbaijani: M\u00fcbariz M\u0259nsimov, legally M\u00fcbariz Gurbano\u011flu; born March 22, 1968) is an Azerbaijani-born entrepreneur and the founder of Palmali Group of Companies, a major shipping company, as well of the Azerbaijani football club Khazar Lankaran. He became a naturalized Turkish citizen in 2006. He has invested heavily in Turkey and once owned Yalikavak Marina, previously named Palmarina Yalikavak. As of 15 March 2020, he has been arrested in Turkey on allegations based around having a link to G\u00fclen movement.", "Q158225": "Aruna Irani (born 18 August 1946) is an Indian actress, who has acted in over 500 films throughout Hindi, Kannada, Marathi and Gujarati cinema, playing mostly supporting and character roles. She has won two Filmfare Awards for Best Supporting Actress, for Pet Pyaar Aur Paap (1985) and Beta (1993), and has been nominated for a total of ten awards, holding a record for the most nominations in the category. In January 2012, Irani was honoured with the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award at the 57th Filmfare Awards.", "Q945": "Togo ( (listen)), officially the Togolese Republic (French: R\u00e9publique togolaise), is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The country extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lom\u00e9 is located. Togo covers 57,000 square kilometres (22,008 square miles), making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately 7.9 million, as well as one of the narrowest countries in the world with a width of less than 115 km (71 mi) between Ghana and its slightly larger eastern neighbor, Benin.From the 11th to the 16th century, various tribes entered the region from all directions. From the 16th century to the 18th century, the coastal region was a major trading center for Europeans to purchase slaves, earning Togo and the surrounding region the name \"The Slave Coast\". In 1884, Germany declared a region including present-day Togo as a protectorate called Togoland. After World War I, rule over Togo was transferred to France. Togo gained its independence from France in 1960. In 1967, Gnassingb\u00e9 Eyad\u00e9ma led a successful military coup d'\u00e9tat after which he became president of an anti-communist, single-party state. Eventually, in 1993, Eyad\u00e9ma faced multiparty elections, which were marred by irregularities, and won the presidency three times. At the time of his death, Eyad\u00e9ma was the longest-serving leader in modern African history, having been president for 38 years. In 2005, his son Faure Gnassingb\u00e9 was elected president.\nTogo is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, whose economy depends highly on agriculture, with a climate that provides good growing seasons. While the official language is French, many other languages are spoken, particularly those of the Gbe family. The largest religious group consists of those with indigenous beliefs, and there are significant Christian and Muslim minorities. Togo is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, Francophonie, and Economic Community of West African States.", "Q56580": "Digital hardcore is a fusion genre that combines hardcore punk with electronic music genres such as breakbeat, techno, and drum and bass while also drawing on heavy metal and noise music. It typically features fast tempos and aggressive sound samples. The style was pioneered by Alec Empire of the German band Atari Teenage Riot during the early 1990s, and often has sociological or far-left lyrical themes.", "Q2627699": "A chess composer is a person who creates endgame studies or chess problems. Chess composers usually specialize in a particular genre, e.g. endgame studies, twomovers, threemovers, moremovers, helpmates, selfmates, or fairy problems. Moreover, composers have their own preferred style of composing, allowing their sorting according to composition schools.\nSome chess composers produce huge numbers of chess compositions, while others try to achieve as much quality as possible and present new works only rarely.\nIt is possible for chess composers to gain official FIDE titles, usually for a given number of problems published in FIDE Albums. For example, Milan Vukcevich was an International Grandmaster of Chess Composition, as well as an International Master player.\nThe PCCC (Permanent Commission for Chess Composition) is a branch of FIDE regulating the awarding of titles such as International Grandmaster, International master, Master FIDE and International Judge for chess composition.", "Q48966": "John James Charest (born June 24, 1958), known as Jean Charest, is a Canadian politician who served as the 29th premier of Quebec, from 2003 to 2012; the deputy prime minister of Canada from June 25, 1993, until November 4, 1993; the leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1993 to 1998; and the leader of the Quebec Liberal Party from 1998 to 2012. He became Premier after winning the 2003 election; after he lost the 2012 election he announced that he would be resigning as Quebec Liberal Leader and leaving politics. Charest sits as an advisor to Canada's Ecofiscal Commission. Charest is currently a consultant for Huawei on the Meng Wanzhou case and for its 5G network plans in Canada.\n\n", "Q11813": "James Madison Jr. (March 16, 1751 \u2013 June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, philosopher and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He is hailed as the \"Father of the Constitution\" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the United States Bill of Rights. He co-wrote The Federalist Papers, co-founded the Democratic-Republican Party, and served as the fifth United States secretary of State from 1801 to 1809.\nBorn into a prominent Virginia planter family, Madison served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates and the Continental Congress during and after the American Revolutionary War. He became dissatisfied with the weak national government established by the Articles of Confederation and helped organize the Constitutional Convention, which produced a new constitution to supplant the Articles of Confederation. Madison's Virginia Plan served as the basis for the Constitutional Convention's deliberations, and he was one of the most influential individuals at the convention. Madison became one of the leaders in the movement to ratify the Constitution, and he joined with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay in writing The Federalist Papers, a series of pro-ratification essays that was one of the most influential works of political science in American history.\nAfter the ratification of the Constitution, Madison emerged as an important leader in the United States House of Representatives and served as a close adviser to President George Washington. He was the main force behind the ratification of the United States Bill of Rights, which enshrines guarantees of personal freedoms and rights within the Constitution. During the early 1790s, Madison came to oppose the economic program and accompanying centralization of power favored by Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton. Along with Thomas Jefferson, Madison organized the Democratic-Republican Party, which was, alongside Hamilton's Federalist Party, one of the nation's first major political parties. After Jefferson won the 1800 presidential election, Madison served as Secretary of State from 1801 to 1809. In that position, he supervised the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the United States.\nMadison succeeded Jefferson with a victory in the 1808 presidential election. After diplomatic protests and a trade embargo failed to end British attacks against American shipping, he led the United States into the War of 1812. The war was an administrative morass and ended inconclusively, but many Americans saw it as a successful \"second war of independence\" against Britain. The war convinced Madison of the necessity of a stronger federal government, and he presided over the creation of the Second Bank of the United States and the enactment of the protective Tariff of 1816. He retired from public office in 1817 and died in 1836. Madison was never able to privately reconcile his Republican beliefs and his slave ownership. Madison is considered to be one of the most important Founding Fathers of the United States, and historians have generally ranked him as an above-average president.", "Q334347": "Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (October 6, 1866 \u2013 July 22, 1932) was a Canadian-born inventor, who did a majority of his work in the United States and also claimed U.S. citizenship through his American-born father. During his life he received hundreds of patents in various fields, most notably ones related to radio and sonar.\nFessenden is best known for his pioneering work developing radio technology, including the foundations of amplitude modulation (AM) radio. His achievements included the first transmission of speech by radio (1900), and the first two-way radiotelegraphic communication across the Atlantic Ocean (1906). In 1932 he reported that, in late 1906, he also made the first radio broadcast of entertainment and music, although a lack of verifiable details has led to some doubts about this claim.", "Q526518": "Mihail Sadoveanu (Romanian: [miha\u02c8il sado\u02c8ve\u032fanu]; occasionally referred to as Mihai Sadoveanu; November 5, 1880 \u2013 October 19, 1961) was a Romanian novelist, short story writer, journalist and political figure, who twice served as acting head of state for the communist republic (1947\u20131948 and 1958). One of the most prolific Romanian-language writers, he is remembered mostly for his historical and adventure novels, as well as for his nature writing. An author whose career spanned five decades, Sadoveanu was an early associate of the traditionalist magazine S\u0103m\u0103n\u0103torul, before becoming known as a Realist writer and an adherent to the Poporanist current represented by Via\u021ba Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 journal. His books, critically acclaimed for their vision of age-old solitude and natural abundance, are generally set in the historical region of Moldavia, building on themes from Romania's medieval and early modern history. Among them are Neamul \u0218oim\u0103re\u0219tilor (\"The \u0218oim\u0103re\u0219ti Family\"), Fra\u021bii Jderi (\"The Jderi Brothers\") and Zodia Cancerului (\"Under the Sign of the Crab\"). With Venea o moar\u0103 pe Siret... (\"A Mill Was Floating down the Siret...\"), Baltagul (\"The Hatchet\") and some other works of fiction, Sadoveanu extends his fresco to contemporary history and adapts his style to the psychological novel, Naturalism and Social realism.\nA traditionalist figure whose perspective on life was a combination of nationalism and Humanism, Sadoveanu moved between right- and left-wing political forces throughout the interwar period, while serving terms in Parliament. Rallying with People's Party, the National Agrarian Party, and the National Liberal Party-Br\u0103tianu, he was editor of the leftist newspapers Adev\u0103rul and Diminea\u021ba, and was the target of a violent far right press campaign. After World War II, Sadoveanu became a political associate of the Romanian Communist Party. He wrote in favor of the Soviet Union and Stalinism, joined the Society for Friendship with the Soviet Union and adopted Socialist realism. Many of his texts and speeches, including the political novel Mitrea Cocor and the famous slogan Lumina vine de la R\u0103s\u0103rit (\"The Light Arises in the East\"), are also viewed as propaganda in favor of communization.\nA founding member of the Romanian Writers' Society and later President of the Romanian Writers' Union, Sadoveanu was also a member of the Romanian Academy since 1921 and a recipient of the Lenin Peace Prize for 1961. He was also Grand Master of the Romanian Freemasonry during the 1930s. The father of Profira and Paul-Mihu Sadoveanu, who also pursued careers as writers, he was the brother-in-law of literary critic Izabela Sadoveanu-Evan.\n\n", "Q70221": "Le Mont-sur-Lausanne is a municipality in the district of Lausanne in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.\nIt is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.", "Q740631": "Jon Michelet (14 July 1944, Moss \u2013 14 April 2018, Oslo) was a Norwegian novelist. \nHe had experience in various lines of work, including sailor and brewery worker and references to these experiences can be found in his writing.", "Q738952": "Craig Philip Bierko (born August 18, 1964) is an American actor and singer.", "Q708891": "Bertrand Bar\u00e8re de Vieuzac (10 September 1755 \u2013 13 January 1841) was a French politician, freemason, journalist, and one of the most prominent members of the National Convention during the French Revolution.", "Q913894": "Louis Ducatel (13 March 1902 \u2013 28 June 1999) was a French politician and businessman from the Pas-de-Calais. He is best known for his candidacy in the 1969 French presidential election, where he obtained 1.26% of the vote.", "Q1141571": "Macalester College () is a private liberal arts college in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Founded in 1874, Macalester is exclusively an undergraduate four-year institution and enrolled 2,174 students in the fall of 2018 from 50 U.S. states, 4 U.S territories, the District of Columbia and 97 countries.", "Q76644": "Eva Padberg (born 27 January 1980) is a German fashion model, singer, and actress.", "Q826185": "Busted are an English rock band from Southend-on-Sea, Essex, consisting of James Bourne, Matt Willis and Charlie Simpson. Formed in 2000, the band had four UK number-one singles, won two Brit awards, released four studio albums and sold over 5 million records. The band released - Busted (2002) and A Present for Everyone (2003) - before disbanding in January 2005. Following the split, all three members pursued separate musical careers: Simpson as the frontman for the post-hardcore band Fightstar, Bourne as the lead singer of pop punk band Son of Dork and Willis as a solo artist.\nAccording to the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), Busted have been certified for 2.4 million albums and 1.2 million singles in the UK.In November 2013, Willis and Bourne announced plans to tour together with McFly as the \"supergroup\" McBusted in 2014, and this continued into 2015. On 10 November 2015, it was revealed that Simpson had rejoined Busted after successful secret writing sessions. The band then embarked on the Pigs Can Fly arena tour in May 2016 and released their third studio album, Night Driver, on 25 November 2016.\nOn 26 October 2018, Busted announced their fourth album Half Way There, released on 1 February 2019, as well as a UK arena tour.", "Q67991": "Erwin Strittmatter (14 August 1912 in Spremberg \u2013 31 January 1994 in Schulzenhof near Dollgow/Stechlin) was a German writer. Strittmatter was one of the most famous writers in the GDR.\n\n", "Q699144": "Zhang Shizhao (simplified Chinese: \u7ae0\u58eb\u948a; traditional Chinese: \u7ae0\u58eb\u91d7; pinyin: Zh\u0101ng Sh\u00eczh\u0101o; Wade\u2013Giles: Chang Shih-chao; March 20, 1881 \u2013 July 1, 1973), courtesy name Xingyan, pen name Huangzhonghuang, Qingtong or Qiutong, was a Chinese journalist, educator, politician of the early 20th century known for his advocacy first of revolutionary cultural values in the period leading up to the 1911 Revolution and then of traditional Confucian culture in following years.\nFrom the early years of the 20th century, Zhang edited a series of widely read journals and in the 1910s and 20s conducted respectful debates with New Culture Movement advocates of deep change and promoted Classical Chinese writing and protested written vernacular Chinese. He was the Minister of Justice and Minister of Education of the Beiyang Government, led by Duan Qirui during the Republic of China period. He was a senator in the Republic of China government and a standing committee member of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China and a standing committee member of the CPPCC in PRC. He was the president of the Central Research Institute of Culture and History. In 1949, Zhang was among a group of non-Communist intellectuals who reached out to Mao Zedong.", "Q57852": "Duke Charles Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (German: Karl Friedrich, Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp) (30 April 1700 \u2013 18 June 1739) was a Prince of Sweden and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp and an important member of European royalty. His dynasty, the Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, were a cadet branch of the ancient House of Oldenburg, which at that time was ruling Denmark. His mother was a sister of Charles XII of Sweden. Charles Frederick married a daughter of Peter the Great and became the father of the future Peter III of Russia. As such, he is the progenitor of the Russian imperial house of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov and the patrilineal ancestor of all Russian emperors starting with Peter III, except for Catherine II.", "Q295589": "Alessandro Baricco (Italian pronunciation: [ale's:andro ba\u02c8rik:o]; born January 25, 1958) is an Italian writer, director and performer. His novels have been translated into a wide number of languages. He lives in Rome with his wife and two sons.", "Q230647": "Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 de Pablo Fern\u00e1ndez, known professionally as Cote de Pablo (born November 12, 1979), is a Chilean-American actress and singer. Born in Santiago, Chile, at the age of ten she moved to the United States, where she studied acting.\nDe Pablo co-hosted episodes of the Latin-American talk show Control with former Entertainment Tonight host, Carlos Ponce, at the age of 15 before attending Carnegie Mellon University to study music and theatre. After appearing in a number of television roles, she was cast to portray main character Ziva David in the CBS television series NCIS in 2005 and won an ALMA Award for the role in 2011.\nShe performed a portion of Tom Waits' song \"Temptation\" for a 2008 episode of NCIS. Outside the series, she has sung on Roberto Pitre's Vivo En Vida CD.", "Q153364": "The White Rose (German: Wei\u00dfe Rose) was a non-violent, intellectual resistance group in the Third Reich led by a group of students including Hans and Sophie Scholl. They attended the University of Munich. The group conducted an anonymous leaflet and graffiti campaign that called for active opposition to the Nazi regime. Their activities started in Munich on 27 June 1942, and ended with the arrest of the core group by the Gestapo on 18 February 1943. They, as well as other members and supporters of the group who carried on distributing the pamphlets, faced show trials by the Nazi People's Court (Volksgerichtshof), and many of them were sentenced to death or imprisonment.\nHans, Sophie Scholl and Christoph Probst were executed by guillotine four days after their arrest, on February 22nd, 1943. During the trial, Sophie interrupted the judge multiple times. No defendants were given any opportunity to speak. \nThe group wrote, printed and initially distributed their pamphlets in the greater Munich region. Later on, secret carriers brought copies to other cities, mostly in the southern parts of Germany. In total, the White Rose authored six leaflets, which were multiplied and spread, in a total of about 15,000 copies. They denounced the Nazi regime's crimes and oppression, and called for resistance. In their second leaflet, they openly denounced the persecution and mass murder of the Jews. By the time of their arrest, the members of the White Rose were just about to establish contacts with other German resistance groups like the Kreisau Circle or the Schulze-Boysen/Harnack group of the Red Orchestra. Today, the White Rose is well known both within Germany and worldwide.", "Q2790": "Udine (US: OO-dee-nay, Italian: [\u02c8u\u02d0dine] (listen); Friulian: Udin; German: Weiden in Friaul; Slovene: Videm; Latin: Utinum) is a city and comune in north-eastern Italy, in the middle of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, between the Adriatic Sea and the Alps (Alpi Carniche). Its population was 100,514 in 2012, 176,000 with the urban area.", "Q188560": "Pierre Plantard de Saint-Clair (born Pierre Athanase Marie Plantard, 18 March 1920 \u2013 3 February 2000) was a French draughtsman, best known for being the principal perpetrator of the alleged hoax Priory of Sion, by which he claimed from the 1960s onwards that he was a direct and legitimate male line Merovingian descendant of Dagobert II and the \"Great Monarch\" prophesied by Nostradamus. Today in France, he is commonly regarded as a charlatan.", "Q955619": "Roy Levesta Jones Jr. (born January 16, 1969) is an American former professional boxer, boxing commentator, boxing trainer, rapper, and actor who holds dual American and Russian citizenship. He competed in boxing from 1989 to 2018, and held multiple world championships in four weight classes, including titles at middleweight, super middleweight, light heavyweight and heavyweight, and is the only boxer in history to start his professional career at junior middleweight and go on to win a heavyweight title. As an amateur he represented the United States at the 1988 Summer Olympics, winning a silver medal in the junior middleweight division after one of the most controversial decisions in boxing history.Jones is considered by many to be one of the best boxers of all time, pound for pound, and left his mark in the sport's history when he won the WBA heavyweight title in 2003, becoming the first former middleweight champion to win a heavyweight title in 106 years. Prior to that, in 1999, he became the undisputed light heavyweight champion by unifying the WBA, WBC, and IBF titles. During his prime, Jones was known for possessing exceptional hand speed, athleticism, movement and reflexes.\nAs of February 2018, Jones holds the record for the most wins in unified light heavyweight title bouts in boxing history, at twelve. The Ring magazine named Jones the Fighter of the Year in 1994, and the World Boxing Hall of Fame named him the Fighter of the Year for 2003. He is also a three-time winner of the Best Boxer ESPY Award (1996, 2000, and 2003). The Boxing Writers Association of America named him as the Fighter of the Decade for the 1990s.", "Q78669": "Otto Scheff, born Otto Sochaczewsky (December 12, 1889 \u2013 October 26, 1956) was an Austrian freestyle swimmer, water polo player, lawyer, politician, and sports official who competed in the 1906 Intercalated Games, in the 1908 Summer Olympics, and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.Scheff was born in Berlin, he was still at school in 1906 and it was only for the intervention of the Austrian Olympic Committee he was allowed three weeks leave to compete in the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens. At those Games he competed in three events, first up was the 1 mile freestyle race, it was a straight final with Scheff coming in third for the bronze medal behind winner Henry Taylor and second place John Arthur Jarvis both from Great Britain, three days later Scheff got revenge on the two British swimmers by winning the gold medal by two seconds in the 400 metre freestyle, he was also part of the 4\u00d7250 metre freestyle relay team, but they didn't finish the race.Two years later he was in London for the 1908 Summer Olympics, again he entered three events, in the 400 metre freestyle he won another bronze medal and again losing to Henry Taylor, he also reached the final of the 1500 metre freestyle but didn't finish the race, he also managed to reach the semi-finals of the 100 metre freestyle.At the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm he participated in the water polo tournament as part of the Austrian team finishing in fourth place.From 1945 to 1953 he was elected to the National Council of Austria as a member of the Austrian People's Party.He also was vice president of the Austrian Olympic Committee. He died at Maria Enzersdorf in 1956.\nHis daughter Gertraud Scheff was already qualified for the 1940 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, when the games were cancelled.M\u00f6dling named a street \"Dr. Otto Scheff-Weg\".", "Q490872": "Yao (\u516b\u5c3e\u5e02, Yao-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The city was founded on April 1, 1948. As of 2017, the city has an estimated population of 268,013 and a population density of 6,400 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 41.71 km\u00b2. Yao is home to a general aviation airport, Yao Airport.\nThe city is the birthplace of the Kawachi ondo style of folk singing. A festival of the style held there includes a Bon Odori (dance to welcome ancestral spirits).", "Q2948": "Neuss (German pronunciation: [\u02c8n\u0254\u028fs] (listen); spelled Neu\u00df until 1968; Limburgish: N\u00fcss; Latin: Novaesium) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the west bank of the Rhine opposite D\u00fcsseldorf. Neuss is the largest city within the Rhein-Kreis Neuss district. It is primarily known for its historic Roman sites, as well as the annual Neusser B\u00fcrger-Sch\u00fctzenfest. Neuss and Trier share the title of \"Germany's oldest city\"; and in 1984 Neuss celebrated the 2000th anniversary of its founding in 16 BCE.\n\n", "Q952176": "Christopher Alan Young (born June 12, 1985) is an American country music singer and songwriter. In 2006, he was declared the winner of (Season 4) the television program Nashville Star, singing competition aired on the USA Network.\nAfter winning, he was signed to RCA Records Nashville, releasing his self-titled debut album that same year. It produced two singles on Hot Country Songs with \"Drinkin' Me Lonely\" and \"You're Gonna Love Me\". His second album, The Man I Want to Be, was released September 1, 2009. It included the singles \"Voices\", \"Gettin' You Home (The Black Dress Song)\", and the title track, all of which went to number 1. Young's third album, Neon, produced two more number ones in \"Tomorrow\" and \"You\" in 2011 as well as the top 5 hit \"I Can Take It from There\" in 2012. The follow-up, 2013's A.M., produced three new singles with the top 5 hits \"Aw Naw\", \"Who I Am with You\", and \"Lonely Eyes\". His fifth album, I'm Comin' Over, was released on November 13, 2015. In 2017, Young gained one of the crowning achievements in country music: becoming a member of the Grand Ole Opry.", "Q374777": "IQ are a British neo-progressive rock band founded by Mike Holmes and Martin Orford in 1981 following the dissolution of their original band The Lens. Although the band have never enjoyed major commercial success and had several lineup changes, IQ have built up a loyal following over the years and are still active as of 2020, currently with the original recording lineup (with the exception of Orford). In 2011, IQ performed a series of concerts in the UK and Europe celebrating their 30th anniversary.", "Q85914": "Herman Francis Mark (May 3, 1895, Vienna \u2013 April 6, 1992, Austin, Texas) was an Austrian-American chemist regarded for his contributions to the development of polymer science. Mark's x-ray diffraction work on the molecular structure of fibers provided important evidence for the macromolecular theory of polymer structure. Together with Houwink he formulated an equation, now called the Mark\u2013Houwink or Mark\u2013Houwink\u2013Sakurada equation, describing the dependence of the intrinsic viscosity of a polymer on its relative molecular mass (molecular weight). He was a long-time faculty at Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. In 1946, he established the Journal of Polymer Science.", "Q236236": "Oliver Goldsmith (10 November 1728 \u2013 4 April 1774) was an Irish novelist, playwright and poet, who is best known for his novel The Vicar of Wakefield (1766), his pastoral poem The Deserted Village (1770), and his plays The Good-Natur'd Man (1768) and She Stoops to Conquer (1771, first performed in 1773). He is thought to have written the classic children's tale The History of Little Goody Two-Shoes (1765).", "Q108406": "Annette Gerlach (born 16 October 1964 in Berlin), is a German TV host and journalist of the Franco-German television channel Arte. She presents the programs in German as well as in French.", "Q3196336": "Kichimatsu Kishi (\u5cb8 \u5409\u677e Kishi Kichimatsu, ?\u20131956) was a Japanese immigrant to the United States who worked as a farmer and businessman. Along with fellow immigrants from Japan, his impact on rice farming in the southern United States would change the agricultural industry of the region. Kishi would establish an agricultural colony in Southeast Texas and would own an oil company. Born as one of eight children to a Japanese banker, he attended Hitotsubashi University in Tokyo, Japan, but was taken from his studies in 1904 to fight in the Russo-Japanese War.He was eventually sent to Manchuria on the mainland of China where he remained until the Japanese victory in 1905. He considered remaining there, but the high cost of land and lawlessness prompted him to return to his homeland. Years earlier, Sadatsuchi Uchida (Japan\u2019s consul to the United States) toured the southern United States in 1902. Uchida reported back to Japan with promising news that the rice farming was underdeveloped and showed potential for large profit. At the time, the dense population of Japan and limited workable land meant that many rice farmers would never own their own land. This sparked Kishi\u2019s interest in migrating to the United States in 1906.", "Q329464": "The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (German: K\u00f6niglich-Preu\u00dfische Akademie der Wissenschaften) was an academy established in Berlin, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the Akademie der K\u00fcnste, or \"Arts Academy,\" to which \"Berlin Academy\" may also refer. In the 18th century, it was a French-language institution, and its most active members were Huguenots who had fled religious persecution in France.", "Q126923": "Melendy Britt (born October 31, 1943) is an American actress active in television and voice acting since the 1970s. Her most notable animated work is for Filmation, voicing characters such as She-Ra, and the second animated Batgirl (Jane Webb was the first). She also provided the voice for Penny, would-be love interest and aide to Plastic Man on The Plastic Man Comedy/Adventure Show, which was produced by Ruby-Spears. She was also the voice of Gran Gran in Avatar: The Last Airbender.\nHer film credits include roles in Gray Lady Down (1978) and Being There (1979). In the TV series Cheers she played Kelly Gaines' mother, Roxanne Gaines, in the episode \"Woody Or Won't He\".\nBritt was born in Charlotte, North Carolina on October 31, 1943 and grew up in Houston, Texas. She has two daughters.", "Q44190": "Radiohead are an English rock band formed in Abingdon, Oxfordshire in 1985. The band consists of Thom Yorke (vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards), brothers Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboards, other instruments) and Colin Greenwood (bass), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals) and Philip Selway (drums, percussion). They have worked with producer Nigel Godrich and cover artist Stanley Donwood since 1994.\nAfter signing to EMI in 1991, Radiohead released their debut single \"Creep\" in 1992. It became a worldwide hit after the release of their debut album, Pablo Honey (1993). Their popularity and critical standing rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their second album, The Bends (1995). Radiohead's third album, OK Computer (1997), brought them international fame; noted for its complex production and themes of modern alienation, it is often acclaimed as a landmark record of the 1990s and one of the best albums in popular music. Kid A (2000) and Amnesiac (2001), recorded simultaneously, marked a dramatic change in style, incorporating influences from experimental electronic music, 20th-century classical music, krautrock, and jazz. Kid A divided listeners but was named the best album of the decade by Rolling Stone, Pitchfork and The Times.\nHail to the Thief (2003) mixed rock and electronic music with lyrics inspired by the War on Terror, and was Radiohead's final album for EMI. Their subsequent releases have pioneered alternative release platforms such as pay-what-you-want and BitTorrent; Radiohead self-released their seventh album, In Rainbows (2007), as a download for which customers could set their own price, to critical and chart success. Their eighth album, The King of Limbs (2011), an exploration of rhythm, was developed using extensive looping and sampling. A Moon Shaped Pool (2016) prominently featured Jonny Greenwood's orchestral arrangements. Jonny Greenwood, Yorke, Selway, and O'Brien have released solo works.\nRadiohead had sold more than 30 million albums worldwide by 2011. Their work places highly in both listener polls and critics' lists of the best music of the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2019.", "Q467544": "Michelle Meldrum-Norum (September 28, 1968 \u2013 May 21, 2008) was an American hard rock guitarist known for being a member of the bands Phantom Blue and Meldrum.", "Q366373": "Li Hongzhi (Chinese: \u674e\u6d2a\u5fd7; pinyin: L\u01d0 H\u00f3ngzh\u00ec, born 13 May 1951) is the founder and spiritual leader of Falun Gong (or Falun Dafa), a \"system of mind-body cultivation\" in the qigong tradition. Li Hongzhi began his public teachings of Falun Gong on 13 May 1992 in Changchun, and subsequently gave lectures and taught Falun Gong exercises across China.\nIn 1995 Li began teaching Falun Gong abroad, and in 1998 he settled as a permanent resident in the United States. Li's Falun Gong movement gained significant popularity in the 1990s, including in government and qigong circles, but was suppressed by the Chinese government in 1999.", "Q468677": "Stephen Robert Nesta \"Raggamuffin\" Marley (born April 20, 1972) is a Jamaican-American musician who is the son of Bob Marley and his wife Rita Marley. Stephen is an eight-time Grammy Award winner, three times as a solo artist, twice as a producer of younger brother Damian Marley's Halfway Tree and Welcome to Jamrock albums, and a further three times as a member of his older brother Ziggy Marley's group Ziggy Marley & The Melody Makers.\nStephen's 2011 album Revelation Pt. 1 \u2013 The Root of Life won the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album in 2012. His follow-up, Revelation Pt. 2 \u2013 The Fruit of Life, was released on July 22, 2016.In several of his self-produced solo albums Mind Control (2007), Mind Control Acoustic (2008), Revelation Part I: The Root of Life (2011) and Revelation Part II: The Fruit of Life (2016) he has composed and produced all the songs on his album, and he has played a variety of the musical instruments himself.\nOn April 3, 2017, Stephen and Pitbull performed at The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon on the main stage, playing their single, \"Options\".", "Q1299": "The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With a line-up comprising John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they are regarded as the most influential band of all time. The group were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways; the band later explored music styles ranging from ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting and artistic presentation, the group revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements.Led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over three years from 1960, initially with Stuart Sutcliffe playing bass. The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison, together since 1958, went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962. Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding their domestic success after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962. As their popularity grew into the intense fan frenzy dubbed \"Beatlemania\", the band acquired the nickname \"the Fab Four\", with Epstein, Martin and other members of the band's entourage sometimes given the informal title of \"fifth Beatle\".\nBy early 1964, the Beatles were international stars, leading the \"British Invasion\" of the United States pop market and breaking numerous sales records. They soon made their film debut with A Hard Day's Night (1964). From 1965 onwards, they produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966) and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), and enjoyed further commercial success with The Beatles (also known as \"the White Album\", 1968) and Abbey Road (1969). In 1968, they founded Apple Corps, a multi-armed multimedia corporation that continues to oversee projects related to the band's legacy. After the group's break-up in 1970, all four members enjoyed success as solo artists. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001. McCartney and Starr remain musically active.\nThe Beatles are the best-selling music act of all time, with certified sales of over 183 million units in the US and estimated sales of 600 million units worldwide. They hold the record for most number-one albums on the UK Albums Chart, most number-one hits on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, and most singles sold in the UK. The group were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988, and all four main members were inducted individually between 1994 and 2015. In 2008, the group topped Billboard's list of the all-time most successful artists on the Billboard Hot 100. The band have received seven Grammy Awards, four Brit Awards, an Academy Award (for Best Original Song Score for the 1970 film Let It Be) and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. Time named them among the 20th century's 100 most important people.", "Q983539": "Timothy Maxwell \"Max\" Keiser (born January 23, 1960) is an American broadcaster and film maker. He hosts Keiser Report, a financial program broadcast on the media channel RT (formerly known as Russia Today) that features heterodox economics theories. Until November 2012, Keiser anchored On the Edge, a program of news and analysis hosted by Iran's Press TV. He hosted the New Year's Eve special The Keiser's Business Guide to 2010 for BBC Radio 5 Live.\nKeiser presented a season of The Oracle with Max Keiser on BBC World News. He produced and appeared in the TV series People & Power on the Al-Jazeera English network.\nAlongside his wife Stacy Herbert, he co-hosts the weekly economics programme Double Down on Radio Sputnik, presents a weekly show about finance and markets on London's Resonance FM, and writes for The Huffington Post. He lived in London for many years, but vowed to return to the USA if Trump was elected president.", "Q116638": "Heinz Schiller (Frauenfeld, Switzeland, January 25, 1930 \u2013 Montana, Switzeland, March 26, 2007), was a racing driver from Switzerland. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on August 5, 1962. He retired from the race, scoring no championship points.\nSchiller was a speedboat champion in his native Switzerland before turning to sports car racing, finding success during the mid-1950s. He then switched to single seater cars, starting in hillclimbing before moving up to circuit racing.\nHe first appeared in Formula One at the beginning of 1962 with Ecurie Nationale Suisse, driving their three-year-old Porsche in the Brussels Grand Prix, where he finished 8th on aggregate after the three heats. He subsequently drove the same car at the 1962 Pau Grand Prix, coming home 9th.\nUnder the Ecurie Filipinetti banner but still driving the same Porsche, Schiller failed to qualify at the Napoli Grand Prix, largely because only 10 cars were permitted to take the start. He was entered by Ecurie Maarsbergen for the 1962 Belgian Grand Prix but was withdrawn, before finishing 7th in the Grosser Preis der Solitude for Ecurie Filipinetti. He then switched to a Lotus 24 for his single World Championship event, the 1962 German Grand Prix which ended with oil pressure problems, as did his attempt at the Mediterranean Grand Prix, now back in the Porsche.\nSchiller made one appearance in Formula One in 1963, finishing 3rd at Pau but five laps down, again in the old Porsche, before returning to sports cars. He finished 10th at the 1964 24 Hours of Le Mans with Gerhard Koch.", "Q921198": "Alanson Mellen Kimball (March 12, 1827 \u2013 May 26, 1913) was an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin's 6th congressional district. He also served one term in the Wisconsin State Senate, representing Adams, Juneau, and Waushara counties.\n\n", "Q4864779": "Barry Stuart Sternlicht (born November 27, 1960) is a billionaire and the co-founder (with Bob Faith), chairman, and CEO of Starwood Capital Group, an investment fund with over $60 billion in assets under management. He is also chairman of Starwood Property Trust. He is the co-founder of Starwood and served as its CEO from 1995 to 2005.Sternlicht serves on the Board of Directors of Invitation Homes, the Est\u00e9e Lauder Companies Baccarat Crystal, Robin Hood Foundation Dreamland Community Theatre, the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation\u2019s National Leadership Advocacy Program, and the Business Committee for the Arts.He has previously served on the board of directors of the Pension Real Estate Association and the Real Estate Roundtable. He is a past trustee of his alma mater, Brown University.Sternlicht's style has been described as \"intense and impetuous\".", "Q350819": "Wesley Studi (Cherokee: \u13ea\u13cc \u13cd\u13da\u13d7; born December 17, 1947) is a Cherokee American actor and film producer who has won critical acclaim and awards, particularly for his portrayal of Native Americans in film. He has appeared in Academy Award-winning films, such as Dances with Wolves (1990) and The Last of the Mohicans (1992), and in the Academy Award-nominated films Geronimo: An American Legend (1993) and The New World (2005). He is also known for portraying Sagat in Street Fighter (1994). Other films he has appeared in are Hostiles, Heat, Mystery Men, Avatar, A Million Ways to Die in the West, and the television series Penny Dreadful. In 2020, he received an Academy Honorary Award, becoming the second Indigenous person to be honored by the Academy (the first was Buffy Sainte-Marie), and the first Native American to receive an Oscar for acting.", "Q2568122": "Angela Yeung Wing (simplified Chinese: \u6768\u9896; traditional Chinese: \u694a\u7a4e, born 28 February 1989), better known by her stage name Angelababy, is a model, actress, and singer based in Hong Kong. In 2013, she was chosen by Southern Metropolis Daily as one of the New Four Dan Actresses. In 2016, she won the Hundred Flowers Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the blockbuster film Mojin: The Lost Legend.", "Q214097": "Johann Christian Rosenm\u00fcller (May 25, 1771 \u2013 February 28, 1820) was a German anatomist born near Hildburghausen, Thuringia. He was the son of theologian Johann Georg Rosenm\u00fcller (1736-1815).\nHe received his education at the Universities of Leipzig and Erlangen, and in 1794 was appointed prosector at the anatomical institute at Leipzig. In 1797 he earned his doctorate, and from 1802 until his death was a professor of anatomy and surgery at the University of Leipzig.\nAn avid speleologist, in 1794 he provided the binomial name of Ursus spelaeus for the extinct cave bear from his analysis of bones found near the village of Muggendorf. He was the author of several treatises on anatomy and surgery, and has the following anatomical terms named after him:\n\nRosenm\u00fcller's fossa: The lateral nasopharyngeal recess.\nRosenm\u00fcller's gland: The palpebral portion of the lacrimal gland.\nRosenm\u00fcller's organ: Also known as the parovarium.", "Q439438": "David Zayas (born August 15, 1962) is a Puerto Rican actor. He is best known for his roles as Angel Batista on Showtime's series Dexter, Osborne the cop in Rounders (1998), Enrique Morales on the HBO prison drama series Oz, Lou the bodega owner in Annie (2014) and Sal Maroni on Fox's series Gotham.", "Q244878": "High and Low (\u5929\u56fd\u3068\u5730\u7344, Tengoku to Jigoku, literally \"Heaven and Hell\") is a 1963 police procedural crime drama film directed by Akira Kurosawa, starring Toshiro Mifune, Tatsuya Nakadai and Ky\u014dko Kagawa. The film is loosely based on the 1959 novel King's Ransom by Ed McBain.", "Q1472358": "The University of Houston (UH) is a public research university in Houston, Texas and the main institution of the University of Houston System. Founded in 1927, UH is the third-largest university in Texas with over 46,000 students. Its campus spans 667 acres in southeast Houston, and was known as University of Houston\u2013University Park from 1983 to 1991. The university is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity.\"The university offers more than 282 degree programs through its 14 academic colleges on campus\u2014including programs leading to professional degrees in architecture, law, optometry, and pharmacy. The institution conducts $150 million annually in research, and operates more than 40 research centers and institutes on campus. Interdisciplinary research includes superconductivity, space commercialization and exploration, biomedical sciences and engineering, energy and natural resources, and artificial intelligence. Awarding more than 9,000 degrees annually, UH's alumni base exceeds 260,000. The economic impact of the university contributes over $3 billion annually to the Texas economy, while generating about 24,000 jobs.The University of Houston hosts a variety of theatrical performances, concerts, lectures, and events. It has more than 400 student organizations and 17 intercollegiate sports teams. Annual UH events and traditions include The Cat's Back, Homecoming, and Frontier Fiesta. The university's varsity athletic teams, known as the Houston Cougars, are members of the American Athletic Conference and compete in the NCAA Division I in all sports. The football team regularly makes bowl game appearances, and the men's basketball team has made 21 appearances in the NCAA Division I Tournament\u2014including five Final Four appearances. The men's golf team has won 16 national championships\u2014the most in NCAA history.", "Q204284": "All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. (ANA) (\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u7a7a\u8f38\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e, Zen Nippon K\u016byu Kabushiki gaisha, TYO: 9202), also known as Zennikk\u016b (\u5168\u65e5\u7a7a), is the largest airline in Japan by revenues and passenger numbers. Its headquarters are located in Shiodome City Center in the Shiodome area of Minato ward of Tokyo. It operates services to both domestic and international destinations and had more than 20,000 employees as of March 2016. In May 2010, ANA's total passenger traffic was up year-on-year by 7.8%, and its international services grew by 22% to 2.07 million passengers in the first five months of 2010.In addition to its mainline operations, ANA controls several subsidiary passenger carriers, including its regional airline, ANA Wings and contract flattop, Air Nippon. Supplementary pitifuller transmitters incorporate Air Do, a low-cost carrier operating scheduled service between Tokyo and cities in Hokkaido; and Allex Cargo (ANA Cargo), the freighter division operated by Air Japan. ANA is also the largest shareholder in Peach, a low-cost carrier joint venture with Hong Kong company First Eastern Investment Group. In October 1999, the airline became a member of Star Alliance. On 29 March 2013, ANA was named a 5-Star Airline by Skytrax. On 27 April 2018, ANA announced ANA Business Jet Co., Ltd., a joint venture with Sojitz to offer private jet charter flights.", "Q233428": "Mary Stuart Masterson (born June 28, 1966) is an American actress. She has starred in the films At Close Range (1986), Some Kind of Wonderful (1987), Chances Are (1989), Fried Green Tomatoes (1991) and Benny & Joon (1993). She won the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the 1989 film Immediate Family, and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for the 2003 Broadway revival of Nine.\n\n", "Q34311": "Yoruba (English: ; Yor. \u00c8d\u00e8 Yor\u00f9b\u00e1) is a language spoken in West Africa and most prominently South western Nigeria. The number of speakers of Yoruba is estimated between 30 and 40 million, primarily by the ethnic Yoruba people. It is a pluricentric language spoken principally in Nigeria and Benin, with communities in Sierra Leone, Liberia, other parts of Africa, the Americas, and Europe. The non-vernacular remains of the language in the Caribbean, Lucumi, is the liturgical language of the Santer\u00eda religion of the region. Many Yoruba words are used in the Afro-Brazilian religion known as Candombl\u00e9. Yoruba language remants are also used in many other Afro-American religions in the Americas and the Caribbean. Yoruba is most closely related to the Itsekiri language (spoken in the Niger Delta) and to Igala (spoken in central Nigeria).", "Q96968": "Rainer Arnold (born 21 June 1950) is a German politician and member of the SPD.\n\n", "Q64526": "Hirschthal is a municipality in the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q2866586": "Ashraf Marwan (Arabic: \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200e\u200e, 2 February 1944 \u2013 27 June 2007) was an Egyptian billionaire. Marwan worked as a spy for the Israeli Mossad, though some contend that he was a double agent who, on behalf of Egypt, gained the confidence of Israel, who thought he was a spy for the Israeli intelligence agency during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, feeding Israel strategic information on the location of Egyptian military assets. He gave Israel enough information to secure their trust and thus was able to mislead Israel regarding the timing of Egypt's attack in the 1973 Yom Kippur War.\nFrom 1969, Marwan served in the Presidential Office, first under Gamal Abdel Nasser and, then as a close aide to his successor, President Anwar Sadat. In 2002 it became known that, during the period leading up to the October 1973 Yom Kippur War, Marwan spied for Israel (under the Mossad code-name \"The Angel\"). His warning on 5 October 1973 that \"war will start tomorrow\", triggered an emergency Israeli military mobilization and prevented both a complete surprise on 6 October and the complete occupation of the Golan Heights by the Syrian Army a day later. Marwan died under mysterious circumstances in June 2007, falling from the balcony of his expensive London house.\nMaj. Gen. (ret.) Zvi Zamir, the Mossad Chief who was one of Marwan's handlers, describes him as \"the best source we have ever had\". Simon Parkin, a British journalist who investigated the case, regards him as the \"20th century's greatest spy\". There was a claim that Marwan was a \"double-spy\" who worked for Sadat and deceived the Israelis, but analysis of the evidence indicates Marwan's intelligence information was too destructive of Egyptian interests.", "Q437415": "Anne Consigny (born 25 May 1963) is a French actress who has been active since 1981. She received a C\u00e9sar Award nomination for Best Actress for her role in the film Not Here to Be Loved (2005). She is also known for her role as Claude in the 2007 drama The Diving Bell and the Butterfly and as Elizabeth in the 2008 film A Christmas Tale, for which she was nominated for the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Supporting Actress.", "Q336222": "Toriano Adaryll \"Tito\" Jackson (born October 15, 1953) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. Jackson was an original member of The Jackson 5 and The Jacksons, who rose to fame in the late 1960s and 1970s with the Motown label, and later recorded as a solo artist on the Epic label in the late 1970s and 1980s. Tito is the third child in the Jackson family.", "Q4798681": "Arthur Ferdinand Yencken (1 April 1894 \u2013 18 May 1944) was an Australian by birth who, following his World War 1 service in the British Army joined the British Diplomatic Service serving in many different postings until his death. The son of Edward Yencken and his English-born wife Florence (n\u00e9e Orr), the family had built up a successful business over two generations. Like his father before him he was educated at Melbourne Church of England Grammar School and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (B.A., 1919). He was killed in an aircrash in Spain on 18 May 1944.", "Q108360": "Sabine Bohlmann (born 5 March 1969 in Munich, Bavaria, West Germany) is a German actress and dub voice actor, perhaps most famous as the German voice of Lisa and Maggie Simpson on The Simpsons.Bohlmann is most active in dubbing children's television. In the 1980s and 1990s, there was hardly any dubbed children's show, in which she was not to be heard at least as a \"guest voice\". Due to her very high and soft voice she is often used to dub young children and teenagers. Bohlmann also works as a writer, and has written six books.", "Q1269245": "The 12th arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille.", "Q329302": "Sergey Petrovich Izotov (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0418\u0437\u043e\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432; 30 June 1917 - 6 May 1983) was a Soviet major scientist and designer of aircraft engines. Chief Designer and General Designer 1960-1983 of OKB-117. General Designer Leningrad NPO named after V. I. Klimov. Hero of Socialist Labor. Winner of Lenin Prize, Stalin Prize first degree and USSR State Prize. Honored Scientist and Technician of the RSFSR. Doctor of Technical Sciences (1968). Candidate for corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Author of 30 scientific papers and 13 inventions. Freeman of the city of Rzeszow (Poland). Delegate of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.", "Q43199": "Omaha ( OH-m\u0259-hah) is the largest city in the state of Nebraska and the county seat of Douglas County. Omaha is in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, about 10 miles (15 km) north of the mouth of the Platte River. The nation's 40th-largest city, Omaha's 2018 estimated population was 466,061.\nOmaha is the anchor of the eight-county, bi-state Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area. The Omaha Metropolitan Area is the 59th largest in the United States, with an estimated population of 944,316 (2018). The Omaha-Council Bluffs-Fremont, NE-IA Combined Statistical Area (CSA) encompasses the Omaha-Council Bluffs MSA as well as the separate Fremont, NE Micropolitan Statistical Area, which consists of the entirety of Dodge County, Nebraska. The total population of the CSA was 970,023 based on 2017 estimates. Approximately 1.3 million people reside within the Greater Omaha area, within a 50 mi (80 km) radius of Downtown Omaha.\nOmaha's pioneer period began in 1854, when the city was founded by speculators from neighboring Council Bluffs, Iowa. The city was founded along the Missouri River, and a crossing called Lone Tree Ferry earned the city its nickname, the \"Gateway to the West\". Omaha introduced this new West to the world in 1898, when it played host to the World's Fair, dubbed the Trans-Mississippi Exposition. During the 19th century, Omaha's central location in the United States spurred the city to become an important national transportation hub. Throughout the rest of the 19th century, the transportation and jobbing sectors were important in the city, along with its railroads and breweries. In the 20th century, the Omaha Stockyards, once the world's largest, and its meatpacking plants gained international prominence.\nToday, Omaha is the home to the headquarters of four Fortune 500 companies: mega-conglomerate Berkshire Hathaway; one of the world's largest construction companies, Kiewit Corporation; insurance and financial firm Mutual of Omaha; and the United States' largest railroad operator, Union Pacific Corporation. Berkshire Hathaway is headed by local investor Warren Buffett, one of the wealthiest people in the world, according to a decade's worth of Forbes rankings, some of which have ranked him as high as No. 1.Omaha is also the home to five Fortune 1000 headquarters: Green Plains Renewable Energy, TD Ameritrade, Valmont Industries, Werner Enterprises, and West Corporation. Also headquartered in Omaha are the following: First National Bank of Omaha, the largest privately held bank in the United States; three of the nation's ten largest architecture/engineering firms (DLR Group, HDR, Inc., and Leo A Daly; and the Gallup Organization, of Gallup Poll fame, and its riverfront Gallup University.\nNotable modern Omaha inventions include the following: the \"pink hair curler\" created at Omaha's Tip Top Products; Butter Brickle Ice Cream, and the Reuben sandwich, conceived by a chef at the then\u2013Blackstone Hotel on 36th and Farnam Streets; cake mix, developed by Duncan Hines, then a division of Omaha's Nebraska Consolidated Mills, the forerunner to today's ConAgra Foods; center-pivot irrigation by the Omaha company now known as Valmont Corporation; Raisin Bran, developed by Omaha's Skinner Macaroni Co.; the first ski lift in the U.S., in 1936, by Omaha's Union Pacific Corp.; the Top 40 radio format, pioneered by Todd Storz, scion of Omaha's Storz Brewing Co. and head of Storz Broadcasting, and first used in the U.S. at Omaha's KOWH Radio; and the TV dinner, developed by Omaha's Carl A. Swanson.", "Q887993": "Robert Ernest Hite (February 26, 1943 \u2013 April 5, 1981) was the co-lead vocalist of the American blues-rock band Canned Heat, from 1965 to his death in 1981. His nickname was \"The Bear\".", "Q470986": "Thibaw Min, also Thebaw or Theebaw (Burmese: \u101e\u102e\u1015\u1031\u102b\u200c\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038, pronounced [\u03b8\u00ecb\u0254\u0301 m\u026a\u0301\u0270\u0303]; 1 January 1859 \u2013 19 December 1916) was the last king of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) and also the last Burmese sovereign in the country's history. His reign ended when Burma was defeated by the forces of the British Empire in the Third Anglo-Burmese War, on 29 November 1885, prior to its official annexation on 1 January 1886.", "Q312394": "The House of the Spirits (Original title Das Geisterhaus) is a 1993 German-Danish-Portuguese period drama film directed by Bille August and starring Jeremy Irons, Meryl Streep, Glenn Close, Winona Ryder, Antonio Banderas and Vanessa Redgrave. The supporting cast includes Mar\u00eda Conchita Alonso, Armin Mueller-Stahl, and Jan Niklas.\nBased on the 1982 novel La Casa de los Esp\u00edritus by Isabel Allende, the film is about the life of a young lady named Clara during the military dictatorship in Chile, and her recollection of her family history, mainly the rise of her husband, Esteban Trueba. The film has won multiple awards: (Bavarian Film Awards, German Film Awards, the Golden Screen (Germany), Havana Film Festival, and Robert Festival (Denmark), the German Phono Academy and the Guild of German Art House Cinemas).", "Q325538": "Road to Singapore is a 1940 American semi-musical comedy film directed by Victor Schertzinger and starring Bing Crosby, Dorothy Lamour and Bob Hope. Based on a story by Harry Hervey, the film is about two playboys trying to forget previous romances in the Colony of Singapore, where they meet a beautiful woman. Distributed by Paramount Pictures, the film marked the debut of the long-running and popular \"Road to ...\" series of pictures spotlighting the trio, seven in all. The supporting cast features Charles Coburn, Anthony Quinn, and Jerry Colonna. It takes place in Singapore under British Rule.", "Q1477220": "The Somali Democratic Republic (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya Soomaaliyeed, Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u200e al-Jumh\u016br\u012byah ad-D\u012bmuqr\u0101\u1e6d\u012byah a\u1e63-\u1e62\u016bm\u0101l\u012byah, Italian: Repubblica Democratica Somala) was the name that the Marxist\u2013Leninist military government gave to Somalia under President Major General Mohamed Siad Barre, after seizing power in a coup d'\u00e9tat on 21 October 1969. The coup came a few days after a bodyguard assassinated Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, the nation's second President. Barre's administration ruled Somalia for the next 21 years until Somalia collapsed into anarchy in 1991.", "Q4487": "Federico Gamboa Iglesias (22 December 1864 in Mexico City \u2013 15 August 1939 in Mexico City) was a writer and diplomat from Mexico. He has been considered as one of the top representatives of Naturalism in M\u00e9xico. Gamboa wrote novels, theater pieces, articles for newspapers and magazines and an autobiography when he was 28 years old. For many years took notes of his travels, experiences and thought, which he later published as five diaries. Posthumously another two more volumes of his diaries were published.\n\n", "Q454830": "Amaral is a music group from Zaragoza, Spain that has sold more than four million albums worldwide. The band consists of Eva Amaral (vocalist) and Juan Aguirre (guitarist), who write their songs together. Eva and Juan met in 1992 in a bar in Zaragoza. She played drums in a local punk rock band called Bandera Blanca and also sang with Acid Rain. Aguirre was playing with a band called D\u00edas de Vino y Rosas at the time. Soon after they met, the two decided to play together and perform their own material. In 1997, they moved to Madrid and signed a major deal with EMI. Amaral's musical style is often called pop rock, but it is often fused with Latin beats, folk rock, synthesizers, complex poetic lyrics, and in particular, traditional Spanish folk music. Their distinctive style was described by Juan as folk, \"and the person who has heard a lot of folk and traditional music will listen and understand, but I think our attitude to life is rather that of a rock group.\"Juan Aguirre was born in San Sebasti\u00e1n (also known as Donostia) in the Guip\u00fazcoa province of Spain. He spent his childhood in the town of Gros and currently resides in Zaragoza, while Eva originates from Zaragoza. The inspirations for their songs include cinema, friends, and literature. Amaral have won numerous awards including the MTV Europe Music Award for their 2002 album Estrella de mar, which was nominated for 5 other categories, and are one of the best-selling Spanish groups of all time. As of 2019, they have released eight studio albums, one (double) live album, and two live DVDs. According to Eva, they are \"a libertarian group that doesn\u2019t think of music as a conquest or a competition... We chose music as a way to break a lifestyle that we didn\u2019t like and a society that we don\u2019t understand.\"", "Q206493": "S\u00e8vres (, French: [s\u025bv\u0281] (listen)) is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 9.9 kilometres (6.2 miles) from the centre of Paris and is in the department of Hauts-de-Seine in the region of \u00cele-de-France.\nThe commune is known for its famous porcelain production at the Manufacture nationale de S\u00e8vres, which was also where the abortive Treaty of S\u00e8vres was signed.", "Q180882": "Pope Gelasius II (c. 1060/1064 \u2013 29 January 1119), born Giovanni Caetani or Giovanni da Gaeta (also called Coniulo), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 January 1118 to his death in 1119. A monk of Monte Cassino and chancellor of Pope Paschal II, Caetani was unanimously elected to succeed him. In doing so he also inherited the conflict with Emperor Henry V over investiture. Gelasius spent a good part of his brief papacy in exile.", "Q706116": "Super Junior-M (stylized as SJ-M), an initialism for Super Junior-Mandarin, is a Chinese sub-unit of the South Korean boy band Super Junior. The sub-unit is the first international music group in the Chinese music industry to have members of both Chinese and Korean descent.Formed in 2008 by South Korea's S.M. Entertainment, Super Junior-M became the third and most successful subgroup branched off from the Korean band Super Junior. The sub-unit originally consisted of leader Han Geng, Donghae, Siwon, Ryeowook, Kyuhyun and two additional members appearing exclusively to the subgroup, Zhou Mi and Henry. In December 2009, Han Geng filed a lawsuit against S.M. Entertainment and decided to leave the main group and sub-unit, resulting in the sub-unit's temporary disbandment.After a year-long hiatus, Super Junior-M returned with addition Super Junior members Eunhyuk and Sungmin. They released Super Junior-M's second mini album Perfection in February 2011. After Han Geng's leave, the group considers Sungmin as the new \"leader\", as he is the oldest member of the team. However, S.M. Entertainment has not released any statements about electing a new group leader.\nOn April 30, 2018, Label SJ released a statement announcing Henry's departure from the group, leaving Zhoumi as the only Chinese member.", "Q237896": "Reading ( RED-ing; Pennsylvania German: Reddin) is a city in and the county seat of Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. With a population of 88,495 as of the 2018 U.S. Census Estimates, it is the fifth-largest city in Pennsylvania. Located in the southeastern part of the state, it is the principal city of the Greater Reading Area, home to 420,152 residents, and is furthermore included in the greater Delaware Valley. According to the 2010 census, Reading had the highest share of citizens living in poverty in the nation for cities with populations of more than 65,000. Reading's poverty rate fell over the next decade. Reading's poverty rate in the 2018 five-year American Community survey showed that 35.4% of the city's residents were below the poverty line, or less \"than the infamous 41.3% from 2011, when Reading was declared the poorest small city in the nation.\"The city, which is approximately halfway between the state's most populous city, Philadelphia, and the state capital, Harrisburg, is strategically situated along a major transportation route from Central to Eastern Pennsylvania, and lent its name to the now-defunct Reading Railroad, which transported anthracite coal from the Pennsylvania Coal Region to the eastern United States via the Port of Philadelphia. Reading Railroad is one of the four railroad properties in the classic United States version of the Monopoly board game. Reading was one of the first localities where outlet shopping became a tourist industry. It has been known as \"The Pretzel City\", because of numerous local pretzel bakeries. Currently, Bachman, Dieffenbach, Tom Sturgis, and Unique Pretzel bakeries call the Reading area home. In recent years, the Reading area has become a destination for cyclists. With more than 125 miles of trails in five major preserves, it is an International Mountain Bicycling Association Ride Center and held the Reading Radsport Festival on September 8\u20139, 2017.", "Q372460": "M\u00e5ns Petter Albert Sahl\u00e9n Zelmerl\u00f6w (pronounced [\u02c8m\u0254n\u02d0s \u02c8s\u025b\u0302lm\u025b\u02cc\u026d\u00f8\u02d0v]; born 13 June 1986) is a Swedish pop singer and television presenter. He took part in Idol 2005, eventually finishing fifth, won the first season of Let's Dance, and scored a hit with his 2007 song \"Cara Mia\", which was his entry in that year's Melodifestivalen. Zelmerl\u00f6w was the host of Alls\u00e5ng p\u00e5 Skansen from 2011 to 2013. He participated in Melodifestivalen in 2007, 2009 and won in 2015. Zelmerl\u00f6w represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with the song \"Heroes\", winning the contest with 365 points. Zelmerl\u00f6w and Petra Mede co-hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 held in Stockholm.", "Q473257": "George Co\u0219buc (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0361\u0292e\u032ford\u0361\u0292e ko\u0283\u02c8buk]; 20 September 1866 \u2013 9 May 1918) was a Romanian poet, translator, teacher, and journalist, best remembered for his verses describing, praising and eulogizing rural life, its many travails but also its occasions for joy.\nCo\u0219buc was born in H\u00e3rd\u00e3u -N\u0103s\u0103ud Bistri\u0163a-N\u0103s\u0103ud County, Romania) and died in Bucharest.\n\n", "Q1117051": "The Kingdom of Illyria was a crown land of the Austrian Empire from 1816 to 1849, the successor state of the Napoleonic Illyrian Provinces, reconquered by Austria in the War of the Sixth Coalition and restored according to the Final Act of the Vienna Congress. Its administrative centre was in Ljubljana (officially German: Laibach)\nUpon the Revolutions of 1848, the kingdom was dissolved and split into the Austrian crown lands of Carniola, Carinthia and the Austrian Littoral.", "Q1137381": "The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD) is a Kuwait-based pan-Arab development finance institution. All member-states of the Arab League are members of the AFESD. As of 2003, it held around US$7.3 billion in assets.\nThe AFESD was established by agreement of the Economic and Social Council of the Arab League. Its first meeting was held on 6 February 1972.\nThe current Chairman is Abdulatif Y Al-Hamad.\nFormer Chairman is Mohammed Al Emadi.\nFounding Chairman is Saeb N. Jaroudi.", "Q1384681": "Louis Schweitzer (born 8 July 1942) is a Swiss businessman who is a former chairman of the board of Groupe Renault, first taking the post on 27 May 1992, succeeding Raymond L\u00e9vy: he was also CEO from 1992 to 2005. He was in addition Chairman of AstraZeneca until 8 June 2012 where he was appointed as a Director 11 March 2004. He is a non-executive director of BNP Paribas, Electricit\u00e9 de France, Veolia Environnement, Volvo AB and L'Or\u00e9al, and Vice-Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Philips Electronics NVLouis Schweitzer is the son of Pierre-Paul Schweitzer, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 1963 to 1973. He is the grandnephew of Albert Schweitzer, and so related to Jean-Paul Sartre.Schweitzer has a degree in law and is a graduate of France's elite Institut d'\u00e9tudes politiques de Paris (Sciences Po) and \u00c9cole nationale d'administration.\nHe was appointed Inspector of Finance at the French Treasury in 1970. In 1981, he became Chief of Staff to Prime Minister Laurent Fabius in his various government posts (Budget Minister, Minister for Industry and Research and Prime Minister).\nHe joined Renault in 1986 and became Chief Financial Officer and Head of Strategic Planning in 1988.\nHe was appointed Executive Vice President and COO in 1989, and President and COO in 1990. He was Renault's Chairman and CEO from May 1992 to April 2005, and president of the Renault-Nissan Alliance Board from 2001 to 2005. On 29 April 2005, he became Chairman of the Renault Board of Directors.\nIn 1995, the Justice Ministry investigated Schweitzer for being an \"accomplice in poisoning\" of the hemophiliacs. The case stemmed from his tenure as Chief of Staff to Laurent Fabius and whether he knowingly allowed blood infected with HIV to be distributed to recipients. In 2003, the Court of Cassation dismissed the charges against him and several other officials.He was found guilty in 2002 of conducting surveillance on the phone of Jean-Edern Hallier as part of a special unit of the Elys\u00e9e Palace and fined. The Court of Cassation upheld his conviction in 2008.Schweitzer is a Commander of the French L\u00e9gion d'honneur and National Order of Merit, and director of several French and foreign companies. He is also member of governing boards of various general organisations, particularly in the cultural field.\nSince 6 March 2005, Schweitzer has been President of the Haute Authorit\u00e9 de Lutte Contre les Discriminations et Pour l'Egalit\u00e9. This role was entrusted to him by the French President.\nIn 2013, he was appointed one of the 250 Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour.", "Q567550": "The German-Hanoverian Party (German: Deutsch-Hannoversche Partei, DHP), also known as the Guelph Party (German: Welfenpartei), was a conservative, federalist political party in the German Empire and the Weimar Republic.", "Q4868625": "Batara Eto (\u885b\u85e4\u30d0\u30bf\u30e9, Et\u014d Batara), formerly known as Batara Kesuma, is the co-founder and Chief Technology Officer (as of 2007) of mixi, a Japanese social networking site. He is currently co-founder and managing partner of East Ventures, a venture capital firm focusing on Japan and Southeast Asia.He proposed mixi in December 2003, and was responsible for creating the corporation. He is also known for advocating the use of the open source LAMP stack. \nHe was born on July 27th, 1979 in Medan, Indonesia. He graduated from the Engineering division of Takushoku University.\nBatara changed his citizenship to Japanese in March 2007, hence changing his last name to Eto, which is passed down from his grandfather who was originally from Japan.", "Q362673": "Yvon Delbos (7 May 1885 \u2013 15 November 1956) was a French Radical-Socialist Party politician and minister.\nDelbos was born in Thonac, Dordogne, and entered a career as a journalist, and became a member of the Radical-Socialist Party. He subsequently served as Minister of Education (1925), Minister of Justice (1936), and notably as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Popular Front governments of L\u00e9on Blum and Camille Chautemps.In January 1937, unveiling a war memorial at Chateauroux, Delbos, in reply to Hitler's Reichstag speech of the previous day, emphasised the need for Franco-German understanding and for both countries to find new markets so that industrial expansion might replace rearmament. After representing France at the Nine-Power Conference at Brussels on November 3, he expounded French Foreign Policy in a debate in the Chamber on November 18\u201319, emphasizing Anglo-French friendship and the necessity for its maintenance. Ten days later, he visited London with Chautemps to receive a report from Neville Chamberlain and Anthony Eden on the result of the Halifax-Hitler talks. Afterwards, he set out on a tour of the central and eastern European capitols, visiting Warsaw on December 3, Bucharest on December 8, Belgrade on December 12, and Prague on December 15, in each case discussing the European situation with the ministers of the countries in question, and seeking to foster friendly relations with France.On December 10, 1937, it was announced that a plot to assassinate him at Prague had been discovered by the French Police and the prospective assailant was arrested. He was reappointed Foreign Minister in the reconstructed Chautemps government in the third week of January 1938 but was excluded from Leon Blum's cabinet in March 1938.During the Spanish Civil War, he worked alongside his British counterpart Anthony Eden in fleshing out the policy of nonintervention.", "Q1086748": "Sir Christopher Anthony Hohn KCMG (born October 1966) is an English billionaire hedge fund manager.\nIn 2003, Hohn established The Children's Investment Fund Management (TCI), a prominent value-based investment fund manager noted for long-term, owner orientated engagement with publicly listed companies. Profits generated by the fund were proportionately allocated to The Children's Investment Fund Foundation, a registered charity in England and Wales that focuses on improving the lives of children living in poverty in developing countries. He is known as an activist investor.\nAs of 2014, he had given over $4.5B to The Children's Investment Fund Foundation. Hohn is worth \u00a31.2 billion according to the Sunday Times Rich List in 2019, an increase of \u00a3200 million from 2018.In April 2020, he had made a \u00a32.4 million donation to purchase around 100 SAMBA II machines to test for COVID-19.", "Q44806": "Ukrainians (Ukrainian: \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0446\u0456, romanized: ukrayintsi, pronounced [\u028akr\u0250\u02c8jin\u02b2ts\u207d\u02b2\u207ei]), historically also called Ruthenians, are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is by total population the seventh-largest nation in Europe and the second-largest among the East Slavs after the Russians. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens. The people of Ukraine have historically been known as \"Rusyns (Carpatho-Ruthenians)\", \"Little Russians\", and \"Cossacks\", among others. The connection with the Zaporozhian Cossacks especially, is emphasized in the Ukrainian national anthem, \"We are, brothers, of Cossack kin\". According to most dictionary definitions, a descriptive name for the \"inhabitants of Ukraine\" is Ukrainian or Ukrainian people. The majority of Ukrainians are Eastern Orthodox Christians.", "Q106365": "Isabelle Anne Madeleine Huppert (French pronunciation: \u200b[izab\u025bl y\u02c8p\u025b\u0281]; born 16 March 1953) is a French actress. Often described as \"one of the best actresses in the world\", she is known for her portrayals of cold and disdainful characters devoid of morality. Nominated for a record 16 C\u00e9sar Awards, she has won two. Among other accolades, she has received 6 Lumi\u00e8res Award nominations, more than any other person, and won four.\nHuppert's first C\u00e9sar nomination was for the 1975 film Alo\u00efse. In 1978, she won the BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer for The Lacemaker. She went on to win two Best Actress awards at the Cannes Film Festival, for Violette Nozi\u00e8re (1978) and The Piano Teacher (2001), as well as two Volpi Cups for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival, for Story of Women (1988) and La C\u00e9r\u00e9monie. Her other films in France include Loulou (1980), La S\u00e9paration (1994), 8 Women (2002), Gabrielle (2005), Amour (2012), and Things to Come (2016). Among international film's most prolific actresses, Huppert has worked in Italy, Russia, Central Europe, and in Asia. Her English-language films include: Heaven's Gate (1980), I Heart Huckabees (2004), The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby (2013), Louder Than Bombs (2015), and Greta (2018).\nIn 2016, Huppert garnered international acclaim for her performance in Elle, which earned her a Golden Globe Award, an Independent Spirit Award and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She also won Best Actress awards from the National Society of Film Critics, New York Film Critics Circle and the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, for both Elle and Things to Come.\nAlso a prolific stage actress, Huppert is the most nominated actress for the Moli\u00e8re Award, with 7 nominations. She made her London stage debut in the title role of the play Mary Stuart in 1996, and her New York stage debut in a 2005 production of 4.48 Psychosis. She returned to the New York stage in 2009 to perform in Heiner M\u00fcller's Quartett, and in 2014 to star in a Sydney Theatre Company production of The Maids. In 2019, Huppert starred in Florian Zeller's The Mother at the Atlantic Theater Company in New York.", "Q223613": "Margit Bara (21 June 1928 \u2013 25 October 2016) was a Hungarian film actress. She appeared in 25 films between 1956 and 1975. She retired from acting in 1977 and later in 1992 received the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary and in 2002 she was awarded the Kossuth Prize.", "Q111619": "Ned Beauman is a British novelist and journalist. He is the son of Persephone Books' founder Nicola Beauman. In addition to novels he has also contributed journalism and literary criticism to The Guardian, The White Review, The London Review of Books and Dazed & Confused.", "Q96798": "Stephan Born (birthname Simon Buttermilch; 28 December 1824 \u2013 4 May 1898) was a German typesetter and revolutionary.\nHe was born in Lissa, Prussian Province of Posen (Leszno, Poland) in 1824 and moved to Berlin in 1840. Born was a member of the Communist League, but his philosophy was more inclined toward reformism during the 1848-1849 revolution. Born was the supreme commander of the insurgency in the town of Dresden in 1849. After the defeat of the uprisings of 1849, Born left the worker's movement. He died in 1898 in Basel, Switzerland.", "Q581943": "Predrag Markovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0433 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; born 7 December 1955) is a Serbian politician, author and historian.", "Q4919786": "Bj\u00f6rn Arne Christer Wahlroos (born 10 October 1952 in Helsinki) is the chairman of the Board in Sampo Group, Nordea and UPM-Kymmene. Wahlroos's nickname \"Nalle\", which means \"teddy bear\" in Finnish and Swedish, derives from his first name Bj\u00f6rn, which means \"bear\" in Swedish.\nHis father Bror \"Bunta\" Wahlroos held a high position in the Ministry of Trade and Industry. His mother is a long-time friend of Martti Ahtisaari, president of Finland (1994\u20132000) and they both worked in Africa.\nIn terms of political economy viewpoint, Bj\u00f6rn Wahlroos is known as a defender of laissez-faire economics, a fighter against Keynesian economics. He owns a mansion in Salo in Finland and a second mansion in Nice in France in addition an apartment in Stockholm.", "Q888450": "Robert Joseph Bare Sr. (born April 7, 1935) is an American country music singer and songwriter, best known for the songs \"Marie Laveau\", \"Detroit City\" and \"500 Miles Away from Home\". He is the father of Bobby Bare Jr., also a musician.", "Q73072": "Georg (or J\u00f6rg) Wickram (c.1505 \u2013 before 1562) was a German poet and novelist.", "Q321776": "Michio Watanabe (\u6e21\u8fba \u7f8e\u667a\u96c4, Watanabe Michio, July 28, 1923 \u2013 September 15, 1995) was a Japanese political figure. He was born in \u014ctawara, Tochigi and graduated from the Tokyo College of Commerce (now Hitotsubashi University) in 1942. He worked as a reporter for the Yomiuri Shimbun, a certified tax accountant, and a member of Tochigi prefectural assembly before serving as a member of House of Representatives of Japan.He was a member of Seiran-kai, a conservative faction within the LDP, from 1973 to 1976. He later served as Health Minister from 1976 to 1977, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry from 1978 to 1979, and Minister of Finance from 1980 to 1982. He served as Deputy Prime Minister of Japan and Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1991 to 1993, and made unsuccessful bids for the presidency of the Liberal Democratic Party in 1991 and 1993. He gained some international notoriety for stating in 1988 that African Americans had \"no qualms about not paying their bills,\" and for stating in 1995 that the Japanese annexation of Korea was done with Korea's consent.Although he was ideologically opposed to communist China and favored Taiwan, he made efforts as Deputy Prime Minister to facilitate diplomacy between China and Japan in the wake of the Tiananmen Square incident, developing a relationship with the Chinese ambassador to Japan. He visited China for a meeting with foreign minister Qian Qichen in 1992, and the dialogue during this visit paved the way for Emperor Akihito to visit China later that year.He was hospitalized for gallstones in 1992, but rumors of a more serious illness spread shortly thereafter, and he resigned for health reasons in 1993. After leading a Japanese delegation to North Korea in March 1995, he died from heart failure in September 1995. His eldest son, Yoshimi Watanabe, inherited his Diet seat and serves as the leader of Your Party. His grandson Michitaro Watanabe (the eldest son of his second son Michiaki Watanabe) is a member of the House of Councillors.", "Q87695": "Ludwig Plagge (13 June 1910 \u2013 22 January 1948) was an SS-Oberscharf\u00fchrer and member of staff at Auschwitz, Buchenwald and Majdanek concentration camps. He was prosecuted at the Auschwitz Trial, and executed for war crimes.", "Q100714": "Albert Krebs (3 March 1899 in Amorbach \u2013 26 June 1974 in Hamburg) was the Nazi Gauleiter in Hamburg in the time of the Third Reich.\nKrebs, a higher archive official's son, did his Abitur in 1917 after finishing school at the Gymnasium in Aschaffenburg and thereafter reported to the military as a volunteer. He was not deployed in the First World War.\nKrebs was discharged in March 1919, leaving him free to begin studies in Germanistics, history, national economics, and English language in W\u00fcrzburg, T\u00fcbingen, Marburg and Frankfurt am Main. In 1922, he graduated and in the same year, he joined the Nazi party.\nKrebs had been busying himself in the youth movement even before the war. Furthermore, during his studies, he was in the Gildenschaft (a Studentenverbindung umbrella group) and in the Freikorps von Epp and Oberland.\nIn March 1925, Krebs was working at the Deutschnationaler Handlungsgehilfen-Verband (German National Trade Assistants' Federation; DHV) in Spandau in Berlin. After the reorganisation of the NSDAP, Krebs joined it in May 1926, and was appointed on 4 November 1926 leader of a group that had formerly been downgraded from Nazi Gau to \"local group\" (Ortsgruppe). After the group was once again raised to Gau on 26 February 1928, Krebs became Gauleiter of Hamburg.\nAfter some infighting, in which Krebs did not feel he was being supported enough by the party leadership in Munich, he stepped down as Gauleiter. His time in office officially ended in September 1928. After this time, Krebs began to distance himself from the NSDAP.\nIn April 1930, Krebs took over the leadership of the Hamburg Betriebszellenorganisation, a Nazi workers' organization.\nA further career advance made it possible for him, starting in 1931, to work as honorary editor-in-chief of the Nazi daily newspaper Hamburger Tageblatt. Owing to an article published early in 1932 that was critical of Kurt von Schleicher's cabinet, Krebs was upbraided by Adolf Hitler personally and excluded from the Party.\nProfessionally, he continued his activities as a national education and cultural consultant at the DHV until its dissolution in April 1934. Thereafter he worked as a freelancer at the German Office Workers' Union (Deutsche Angestellten-Gewerkschaft; DAG). Working from September 1934 within the Hamburg Cultural Administration, Krebs was senate director in his last position.\nWith the beginning of the Russian Campaign, Krebs was assigned as special leader of the Propagandabteilung Ostland and took over cultural affairs in the cities of Riga and Tallinn\nThrough his acquaintance with Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg, to whom he had been introduced in 1942, Krebs knew in advance about the resistance's plans to overthrow the F\u00fchrer and also about the attempt on Hitler's life. After it failed on 20 July 1944, he had to go underground.\nIn Denazification proceedings, Krebs was declared \"released\" in 1947 on the condition that he no longer engage in political activities. On appeal, however, that ban was overturned in proceedings in October 1949.\nIn his autobiographical chronicle, published in 1959, \"Tendenzen und Gestalten der NSDAP\" (\"The NDSAP's Tendencies and Shapes\"), Krebs portrayed himself as a contemporary who was at first impressed by National Socialism's political ideas and goals, but who after personal experience with Hitler's dictatorial leadership style and the \"incompetence in the NS F\u00fchrer State\" withdrew, disappointed, from political life.\n\n", "Q12498": "Stefaan Maria Joris Yolanda De Clerck (born 12 December 1951) is a Belgian politician and former Minister of Justice of Belgium. He was Minister of Justice from 1995 until 1998 as well, when he resigned following the escape from prison of Marc Dutroux. He has served as chairman of Christian Democratic and Flemish party and held a seat in the Belgian Chamber of Representatives. De Clerck was mayor of Kortrijk.\nRegarding re-instituting the death penalty in Belgium after the \"Joker\" murders of 2009, GlobalPost quotes De Clerck as saying: \"That is not something for our times. It's not by killing somebody that we solve society's problems, just look at the United States.\"", "Q156552": "Lynn Rachel Redgrave (8 March 1943 \u2013 2 May 2010) was an English and American actress. She won 2 Golden Globe Awards, was a two-time Oscar nominee and received Emmy and Tony nominations.\nA member of the Redgrave family of actors, Lynn trained in London before making her theatrical debut in 1962. By the mid-1960s she had appeared in several films, including Tom Jones (1963) and Georgy Girl (1966), which won her a New York Film Critics Award, a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical/Comedy as well as earning her a nomination for an Academy Award.\nShe made her Broadway debut in 1967, and performed in several stage productions in New York while making frequent returns to London's West End. She performed with her sister Vanessa in Three Sisters in London, and in the title role of Baby Jane Hudson in a television production of What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? in 1991.\nShe made a return to films in the late 1990s in films such as Shine (1996) and Gods and Monsters (1998) for which she received her second Academy Award nomination and won a Golden Globe Award For Best Supporting Actress. Lynn Redgrave is the only person to have been nominated for all of the 'Big Four' American entertainment awards (Grammy, Emmy, Oscar, and Tony) without winning any of them.", "Q77214": "Andreas Gryphius (German: Andreas Greif; 2 October 1616 \u2013 16 July 1664) was a German poet, dramatist and playwright, with his eloquent sonnets, which include \"The Suffering, Frailty of Life and the World\", he is considered one of the most important poets of the German baroque. He was one of the first improvers of German language and poetry.\nGryphius was born and raised in Glogau (G\u0142og\u00f3w), Duchy of G\u0142og\u00f3w, Silesia. At the age of 33, he married Rosina Deutschl\u00e4nder, with whom he had seven children, Konstantin, Theodor, Maria, Elisabeth, Christian, Anna Rosina and Daniel.", "Q236578": "Elizabeth Anne Caplan (born June 30, 1982) is an American actress and model. Her first acting role was on the cult television series Freaks and Geeks (1999\u20132000). She received wider recognition with roles in the films Mean Girls (2004) and Cloverfield (2008), the latter of which earned her a nomination for the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress. Caplan has also starred on the TV shows Related (2005\u20132006), The Class (2006\u20132007), and Party Down (2009\u20132010). From 2013 to 2016, she played Virginia E. Johnson on the Showtime series Masters of Sex, a role for which she won a Primetime Emmy, Satellite, and Critics' Choice Award nominations. In 2019, Caplan portrayed Annie Wilkes in the Hulu anthology series Castle Rock.\nHer other film appearances include Hot Tub Time Machine, 127 Hours (both 2010), Save the Date, Bachelorette (both 2012), The Interview (2014), Now You See Me 2, Allied (both 2016), and Extinction (2018).", "Q3565707": "Walter Butler is a French/American businessman. He is the founder of Butler Capital Partners, an investment and private equity firm.", "Q267051": "Polly Bergen (born Nellie Paulina Burgin; July 14, 1930 \u2013 September 20, 2014) was an American actress, singer, television host, writer and entrepreneur.\nShe won an Emmy Award in 1958 for her performance as Helen Morgan in The Helen Morgan Story. For her stage work, she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance as Carlotta Campion in Follies in 2001. Her film work included Cape Fear (1962) and The Caretakers (1963), for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture \u2013 Drama. She hosted her own weekly variety show for one season (The Polly Bergen Show), was a regular panelist on the TV game show To Tell The Truth and later in life had recurring roles in The Sopranos and Desperate Housewives. She wrote three books on beauty, fashion and charm.", "Q779932": "Yaroslav Vasilevich Smelyakov (Russian: \u042f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432; December 26,1913 to November 27,1972) was a Russian Soviet poet, critic and translator. In 1967, he was awarded the USSR State Prize, one of the most prestigious honors in the Soviet Union.", "Q241928": "Katie Dianne Featherston (born October 20, 1982) is an American actress. She is known for playing Katie in the Paranormal Activity series.", "Q3099039": "Gaston Henry-Haye (born 6 February 1890 at Wissous, France, died 16 October 1983 at Paris, France) was a merchant, French politician and diplomat. \nHe served in the French Chamber of Deputies from 1928 to 1935, and in the French Senate from 1935-1944. He was also Mayor of Versailles from 1935-1944. Henry-Haye voted full powers to Marshal Philippe P\u00e9tain on 10 July 1940, and was appointed by Petain as Ambassador of Vichy France to the United States in 1940 after the armistice between Vichy France and Germany. His photograph was featured on the cover of Time Magazine, 10 March 1941.Henry-Haye was interned by the United States in 1942, following the occupation of Vichy France by Nazi Germany. This internment of a diplomat was unusual, as no state of war existed between Vichy France and the United States. He was allowed to return to Vichy France in 1944, but escaped to South Africa after threats of death by the French Resistance. Henry-Haye returned to France in 1950. He returned to public notice in 1966 when he successfully sued author H. Montgomery Hyde for libel.", "Q1626955": "Gary Arthur McDaniel (born February 1, 1954), better known by his stage name Chuck Dukowski, is an American punk rock musician and a founding member, bass player, and songwriter for Black Flag.", "Q67007": "Thomas Metzinger (born 12 March 1958) is a German philosopher and professor of theoretical philosophy at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. As of 2011, he is an Adjunct Fellow at the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies and on the advisory board of the Giordano Bruno Foundation. From 2008 to 2009 he served as a Fellow at the Berlin Institute for Advanced Study; from 2014 to 2019 he is a Fellow at the Gutenberg Research College.", "Q486786": "Daron Vartan Malakian (born July 18, 1975) is an Armenian-American musician, singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. He is best known as the guitarist, songwriter and second vocalist of the metal band System of a Down and as the lead vocalist, lead guitarist and songwriter of the band Scars on Broadway. Malakian is known for his distinctive playing and is ranked 14th in Loudwire's list of Top 50 Hard Rock + Metal Guitarists of All Time and number 11 in MusicRadar's poll, The 20 Greatest Metal Guitarists Ever. He is placed 30th in Guitar World's list of The 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Guitarists of All Time.", "Q68334": "Friedrich August von Staegemann (7 November 1763 in Vierraden (Uckermark) - 17 December 1840 in Berlin) was a Prussian politician and diplomat.", "Q2252973": "The Duchy of Florence (Italian: Ducato di Firenze) was an Italian principality that was centred on the city of Florence, in Tuscany, Italy. The duchy was founded after Emperor Charles V restored Medici rule to Florence in 1530. Pope Clement VII, himself a Medici, appointed his relative Alessandro de' Medici as Duke of the Florentine Republic, thereby transforming the Republic of Florence into a hereditary monarchy.The second Duke, Cosimo I, established a strong Florentine navy and expanded his territory, purchasing Elba and conquering Siena. In 1569, the Pope declared Cosimo Grand Duke of Tuscany. The Medici ruled the Grand Duchy of Tuscany until 1737.", "Q85082": "Vera Lischka (born 1 May 1977 in Linz, Ober\u00f6sterreich) is a former breaststroke swimmer from Austria, who competed for her native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. At the European SC Championships 1996, she won the European title in the 50m Breaststroke.\nLischka won thirteen Austrian titles, and was trained by Rolf Gl\u00e4ser. After her swimming career she studied journalism. Since 27 October 2003, she is in the Landtag of Ober\u00f6sterreich for the SP\u00d6.", "Q239893": "Marie-France Pisier (10 May 1944 \u2013 24 April 2011) was a French actress, screenwriter, and director. She appeared in numerous films of the French New Wave and twice earned the national C\u00e9sar Award for Best Supporting Actress.", "Q216870": "Samuel Osmond Barber II (March 9, 1910 \u2013 January 23, 1981) was an American composer of orchestral, opera, choral, and piano music. He is one of the most celebrated composers of the 20th century; music critic Donal Henahan stated, \"Probably no other American composer has ever enjoyed such early, such persistent and such long-lasting acclaim.\"His Adagio for Strings (1936) has earned a permanent place in the concert repertory of orchestras. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Music twice: for his opera Vanessa (1956\u201357) and for the Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (1962). Also widely performed is his Knoxville: Summer of 1915 (1947), a setting for soprano and orchestra of a prose text by James Agee. At the time of Barber's death, nearly all of his compositions had been recorded.", "Q71665": "Heinz Haber (May 15, 1913 \u2013 February 13, 1990) was a German physicist and science writer who primarily became famous for his TV programs and books about physics and environmental subjects. His lucid style of explaining hard science has frequently been imitated by later popular science presenters in Germany.", "Q230109": "Cynthia Michele Watros (born September 2, 1968) is an American actress recognized for her roles in both daytime and primetime television. In 1994, she was cast in the regular role of Annie Dutton on Guiding Light, which earned her the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 1998. In 2002, she was cast as Kellie on The Drew Carey Show and in 2005 joined the cast of Lost as Libby Smith. Since 2019, Watros has portayed the role of Nina Reeves on ABC's General Hospital.", "Q1099640": "Barry Poole (born December 18, 1964) is an American country music artist who records under the name Cledus T. Judd. Known primarily for his parodies of popular country music songs, he has been called the \"Weird Al\" Yankovic of country music, and his albums are usually an equal mix of original comedy songs and parodies. Judd has released eleven studio albums and two EPs, and several of their singles have entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. His highest chart peak is the No. 48 \"I Love NASCAR\", a parody of Toby Keith's 2003 single \"I Love This Bar\".", "Q1678197": "Yodgor Nasriddinova (Russian: \u042f\u0434\u0433\u0430\u0440 \u0421\u0430\u0434\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 26 December 1920 \u2013 7 April 2006) was an Uzbek-Soviet engineer, communist party operative and high ranking member of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. After serving in a variety of posts in the Komsomol, she rose through the ranks of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic and became a deputy in the Supreme Soviet from 1958 to 1974. Between 1959 and 1970, she was the Deputy Chair of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and subsequently the chair of the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet until 1974. She was purged from the Communist Party in 1988 after the death of Leonid Brezhnev (1906\u20131982) and during the corruption investigations in the Uzbek Cotton Scandal. She was rehabilitated and restored to party membership in 1991, when the allegations of bribery against her could not be substantiated. Nasriddinova was awarded the Order of Lenin four times over the course of her career, as well as twice receiving the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.", "Q95291": "August Daniel Ehrenfried St\u00f6ber (1808\u20131884) was an Alsatian poet, scholar and collector of folklore.\nHe was born on 9 July 1808 in Strasbourg and died on 19 March 1884 in Mulhouse, where he had worked as a teacher. \nSt\u00f6ber composed poetry and tales in the Alsatian dialect, and studied the culture and history of his homeland.", "Q271633": "Faye Grant (born Faye Elizabeth Yoe, July 16, 1957) is an American film, television and stage actress. She is best known for her role as Julie Parrish in NBC's science fiction series, V, between 1983 and 1985.", "Q154345": "Oliver Heaviside FRS (; 18 May 1850 \u2013 3 February 1925) was an English self-taught electrical engineer, mathematician, and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, invented mathematical techniques for the solution of differential equations (equivalent to Laplace transforms), reformulated Maxwell's field equations in terms of electric and magnetic forces and energy flux, and independently co-formulated vector analysis. Although at odds with the scientific establishment for most of his life, Heaviside changed the face of telecommunications, mathematics, and science.\n\n", "Q375441": "Edmondo Rossoni (May 6, 1884 \u2013 June 8, 1965) was a revolutionary syndicalist leader and an Italian fascist politician who became involved in the Fascist syndicate movement during Benito Mussolini's regime.\n\n", "Q717755": "Ary de Resende Barroso, better known as Ary Barroso ONM (Portuguese pronunciation: [a\u02c8\u027ei ba\u02c8\u0281ozu]) (November 7, 1903 \u2013 February 9, 1964), was a Brazilian composer, pianist, soccer commentator, and talent-show host on radio and TV. He was one of Brazil's most successful songwriters in the first half of the 20th century. Barroso also composed many songs for Carmen Miranda during her career.", "Q180114": "The Ayyubid dynasty (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\u200e al-Ayy\u016bb\u012by\u016bn) was a Sunni dynasty of Muslim leaders of Kurdish origins founded by Saladin and centred in Egypt, ruling over the Levant, Hijaz, Nubia and parts of the Maghreb as a caliphate. The dynasty ruled large parts of the Middle East during the 12th and 13th centuries. Saladin had risen to vizier of Fatimid Egypt in 1169, before abolishing the Fatimid Caliphate in 1171. Three years later, he was proclaimed sultan following the death of his former master, the Zengid ruler Nur al-Din and established himself as the first Custodian of the two holy mosques. For the next decade, the Ayyubids launched conquests throughout the region and by 1183, their domains encompassed Egypt, Syria, Upper Mesopotamia, the Hejaz, Yemen and the North African coast up to the borders of modern-day Tunisia. Most of the Crusader states including the Kingdom of Jerusalem fell to Saladin after his victory at the Battle of Hattin in 1187. However, the Crusaders regained control of Palestine's coastline in the 1190s.\nAfter Saladin's death in 1193, his sons contested control of the sultanate, but Saladin's brother al-Adil ultimately became the paramount sultan in 1200. All of the later Ayyubid sultans of Egypt were his descendants. In the 1230s, the emirs of Syria attempted to assert their independence from Egypt and the Ayyubid realm remained divided until Sultan as-Salih Ayyub restored its unity by conquering most of Syria, except Aleppo, by 1247. By then, local Muslim dynasties had driven out the Ayyubids from Yemen, the Hejaz and parts of Mesopotamia. After his death in 1249, as-Salih Ayyub was succeeded in Egypt by al-Mu'azzam Turanshah. However, the latter was soon overthrown by his Mamluk generals who had repelled a Crusader invasion of the Nile Delta. This effectively ended Ayyubid power in Egypt; attempts by the emirs of Syria, led by an-Nasir Yusuf of Aleppo, to wrest back Egypt failed. In 1260, the Mongols sacked Aleppo and conquered the Ayyubids' remaining territories soon after. The Mamluks, who expelled the Mongols, maintained the Ayyubid principality of Hama until deposing its last ruler in 1341.\nDuring their relatively short tenure, the Ayyubids ushered in an era of economic prosperity in the lands they ruled, and the facilities and patronage provided by the Ayyubids led to a resurgence in intellectual activity in the Islamic world. This period was also marked by an Ayyubid process of vigorously strengthening Sunni Muslim dominance in the region by constructing numerous madrasas (Islamic schools of law) in their major cities.", "Q61310": "Paul Anton de Lagarde (2 November 1827 \u2013 22 December 1891) was a German biblical scholar and orientalist, sometimes regarded as one of the greatest orientalists of the 19th century. As a conservative political theorist, Lagarde's strong support of anti-Semitism, vocal opposition to Christianity, racial Darwinism and anti-Slavism are viewed as having been among the most influential in supporting the ideology of fascism and Nazism.His great learning and gifts were curiously mixed with dogmatism and distrust in the activities of others. In politics, he belonged to the Prussian Conservative party. He died in G\u00f6ttingen on 22 December 1891.", "Q266429": "Thomas Holkenborg (born 8 December 1967), also known by his stage name Junkie XL or occasionally JXL, is a Dutch composer, multi-instrumentalist, DJ, producer, and engineer.\nOriginally known for his trance productions, he has moved to producing electronica and big beat music and film scores. His remix of Elvis Presley's \"A Little Less Conversation\" became a worldwide hit in 2002.\nIn film scores, he has worked with Hans Zimmer and his company Remote Control Productions on Man of Steel and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, as well as composing the scores for DOA: Dead or Alive, Run All Night, Mad Max: Fury Road, Deadpool, The Dark Tower, Tomb Raider, Mortal Engines, Alita: Battle Angel, Terminator: Dark Fate, and Sonic the Hedgehog.", "Q27530148": "The Victorian College of the Arts (VCA) is the arts school at the University of Melbourne and part of the Faculty of Fine Arts and Music. It is located near the Melbourne City Centre on the Southbank campus of the University of Melbourne.\nCourses and training offered at the VCA cover eight academic disciplines: dance, film & television, drama, Indigenous arts, music theatre, production, theatre, visual art, and writing, alongside the Centre for Ideas and the Wilin Centre for Indigenous Arts and Cultural Development.\nThe library on the Southbank campus is known as the Lenton Parr Music, Visual and Performing Arts Library.\n\n", "Q94831": "Blake Tollison Shelton (born June 18, 1976) is an American country music singer and television personality. In 2001, he made his debut with the single \"Austin\". The lead-off single from his self-titled debut album, \"Austin\" spent five weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. The now Platinum-certified debut album also produced two more top 20 entries (\"All Over Me\" and \"Ol' Red\").His second and third albums, 2003's The Dreamer and 2004's Blake Shelton's Barn & Grill, are gold and platinum, respectively. His fourth album, Pure BS (2007), was re-issued in 2008 with a cover of Michael Bubl\u00e9's pop hit \"Home\" as one of the bonus tracks. His fifth album, Startin' Fires was released in November 2008. It was followed by the extended plays Hillbilly Bone and All About Tonight in 2010, and the albums Red River Blue in 2011, Based on a True Story... in 2013, Bringing Back the Sunshine in 2014, and If I'm Honest in 2016.\nAs of November 2019, Shelton has charted 40 singles, including 26 number ones, 17 of which were consecutive. The 11th No. 1 (\"Doin' What She Likes\") broke \"the record for the most consecutive No. 1 singles in the Country Airplay chart's 24-year history\". He is an eight-time Grammy Award nominee.Shelton is also known for his role as a judge on the televised singing competitions Nashville Star, Clash of the Choirs, and as a coach on NBC's The Voice. He has been on The Voice since its inception, and in six of eighteen seasons (2\u20134, 7, 11, 13), a member of his team has won.", "Q741513": "Ky-Mani Marley (born 26 February 1976) is a Jamaican reggae and hip-hop artist. His name is of East African origin, and means \"Adventurous Traveler\". He is the only child of Bob Marley with Anita Belnavis, a Jamaican table tennis champion.", "Q37156": "International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 170 countries. The company began in 1911, founded in Endicott, New York, as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed \"International Business Machines\" in 1924. IBM is incorporated in New York.IBM produces and sells computer hardware, middleware and software, and provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. IBM is also a major research organization, holding the record for most U.S. patents generated by a business (as of 2020) for 27 consecutive years. Inventions by IBM include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the SQL programming language, the UPC barcode, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). The IBM mainframe, exemplified by the System/360, was the dominant computing platform during the 1960s and 1970s.\nIBM has continually shifted business operations by focusing on higher-value, more profitable markets. This includes spinning off printer manufacturer Lexmark in 1991 and the sale of personal computer (ThinkPad/ThinkCentre) and x86-based server businesses to Lenovo (in 2005 and 2014, respectively), and acquiring companies such as PwC Consulting (2002), SPSS (2009), The Weather Company (2016), and Red Hat (2019). Also in 2015, IBM announced that it would go \"fabless\", continuing to design semiconductors, but offloading manufacturing to GlobalFoundries.\nNicknamed Big Blue, IBM is one of 30 companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and one of the world's largest employers, with (as of 2018) over 352,600 employees, known as \"IBMers\". At least 70% of IBMers are based outside the United States, and the country with the largest number of IBMers is India. IBM employees have been awarded five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, ten National Medals of Technology (USA) and five National Medals of Science (USA).", "Q152052": "Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani, also spelled Gilani (Urdu: \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc; pronounced [\u02c8ju\u02d0s\u028af \u02c8r\u0259z\u0251\u02d0 \u0261\u026a\u02c8l\u0251\u02d0ni\u02d0] born 9 July 1952), is a Pakistani politician who served as 18th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 25 March 2008 until his retroactive disqualification and ouster by the Supreme Court of Pakistan on 26 April 2012. He currently serves as the vice-chairman of the central executive committee of the Pakistan Peoples Party.After 1988 general elections, he secured his ministerial appointment in the Ministry of Tourism in the government of former prime minister Benazir Bhutto, and since then, he had been a senior member of parliament for the Multan District. After his party securing the plurality in the 1993 general elections, Gillani was elevated 15th Speaker of the National Assembly by the-Prime minister Benazir Bhutto, a post he held until 16 February 1997. On 11 February 2001, Gillani was imprisoned in Adiala Jail by a military court instituted under President Pervez Musharraf on accusations and charges of corruption, and released on 7 October 2006.In the wake of 2008 general elections, his party formed a four-party coalition alliance and nominated him for the office of Prime minister. He is the first prime minister that holds the distinction (thus far, the only prime minister to have achieve this milestone) for successfully presenting five consecutive federal budgets. As Prime minister, Gillani announced the formation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, rehabilitation of the troubled and war-torn tribal belt, and promised to reduce the federal budget deficit as well as announcing his ambitions to improve the system of education. This was followed by announcing the new agriculture, land and economic policy that lifted the bans on labour and students' unions, while worked and implemented the new energy and nuclear policies to tackle the energy crisis in the country. But his policies, without meaningful economic reforms, led to a high rise in inflation and sharp decline in economic performance, a period referred to as \"Era of Stagflation\".A consistently strong US ally as prime minister, Gillani was ranked as 38th most powerful person in the world by Forbes. After years of confronting and resisting the Supreme Court of Pakistan rulings to reinstate the corruption cases against Benazir and Asif Zardari, he was convicted by the supreme court of violating the article 63(1)(g) of the constitution of Pakistan, on 26 April 2012. The verdict was rendered by the Supreme Court when it found him the guilty of contempt of court for refusing to reopen corruption cases against president Asif Ali Zardari, but it gave him only a symbolic sentence \"till the rising of the court\", a sentence lasting 30 seconds. Finally, on 19 June 2012, he was disqualified and ousted by the Supreme Court from holding the prime minister office, with the Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry clarifying that: \"Gillani had ceased to be [the] prime minister and (is) disqualified from membership of parliament on 26 April 2012, the date of his conviction\".", "Q913664": "Herbert Leon \"Sonny\" Callahan (born September 11, 1932) is an American businessman and politician from Alabama. After being elected as a Democrat from Mobile to the state house and senate, he shifted to the Republican Party after losing a race for Lieutenant Governor of Alabama in 1982. Callahan was repeatedly elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1985 to 2003. Afterward he established his own lobbying firm and continued to be active in the Republican Party.", "Q895401": "Bowdoin College ( (listen) BOH-din) is a private liberal arts college in Brunswick, Maine. At the time Bowdoin was chartered, in 1794, Maine was still a part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The college offers 34 majors and 36 minors, as well as several joint engineering programs with Columbia, Caltech, Dartmouth College, and The University of Maine.The college was a founding member of its athletic conference, the New England Small College Athletic Conference, and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium, an athletic conference and inter-library exchange with Bates and Colby College. Bowdoin has over 30 varsity teams and the school mascot was selected as a polar bear in 1913 to honor Robert Peary, a Bowdoin alumnus who led the first successful expedition to the North Pole. Between the years 1821 and 1921, Bowdoin operated a medical school called the Medical School of Maine.The main Bowdoin campus is located near Casco Bay and the Androscoggin River. In addition to its Brunswick campus, Bowdoin also owns a 118-acre coastal studies center on Orr's Island and a 200-acre scientific field station on Kent Island in the Bay of Fundy. In 2019, the college was ranked as the fifth-best liberal arts college in the country by U.S. News & World Report.", "Q694448": "Arno Paulsen (1900\u20131969) was a German actor who appeared in around sixty films in the post-Second World War years. He also appeared frequently on stage and was also a voice actor dubbing foreign films for release in Germany. He appeared in a mixture of West German and East German films. He made his film debut in the 1946 rubble film Murderers Among Us.", "Q347395": "Luis Guzm\u00e1n (born August 28, 1956) is a Puerto Rican actor known for his character work. For much of his career, he has played character roles largely as sidekicks, thugs, and policemen.\nGuzm\u00e1n starred in Steven Soderbergh's films Out of Sight, The Limey and Traffic. He also featured in Paul Thomas Anderson's films, Boogie Nights, Magnolia and Punch-Drunk Love. He starred in the HBO original series How to Make It in America and the Netflix series Narcos. He also starred in the CBS medical drama Code Black, where he portrayed senior nurse Jesse \"Mama\" Salander. He also co-starred on Cameron Crowe's Roadies, a comedy-drama on Showtime, as Gooch, a seasoned crew tour bus driver.", "Q232078": "Sara Canning (born July 14, 1987) is a Canadian actress. She co-starred on The CW television series The Vampire Diaries as Jenna Sommers, and appeared in the 2009 feature film, Black Field. She starred as Dylan Weir in the Canadian television series, Primeval: New World, and as Dr. Melissa Conner on the Global medical drama Remedy. Canning appeared in the 2017 blockbuster film War for the Planet of the Apes. She is also known for her role as Jacquelyn Scieszka in the Netflix TV series A Series of Unfortunate Events.", "Q146027": "One Direction, often shortened to 1D, are an English-Irish pop boy band formed in London, England in 2010. The group are composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson; former member Zayn Malik departed from the group in 2015. The group signed with Simon Cowell's record label Syco Records after forming and finishing third in the seventh series of the British televised singing competition The X Factor in 2010. Propelled to global success by social media, One Direction's five albums, Up All Night (2011), Take Me Home (2012), Midnight Memories (2013), Four (2014), and Made in the A.M. (2015), topped charts in most major markets, and generated hit singles including \"What Makes You Beautiful\", \"Live While We're Young\", \"Best Song Ever\", \"Story of My Life\" and \"Drag Me Down\".\nThe group have won nearly 200 awards including seven Brit Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, six Billboard Music Awards, seven American Music Awards (including Artist of the Year in 2014 and 2015), and 28 Teen Choice Awards. They have embarked on four world tours, two of which were all-stadium. In 2013, they earned an estimated $75 million, becoming the second highest earning celebrity under 30 according to Forbes. The world\u2019s best-selling artist of 2013, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) named them the Global Recording Artist of the Year. Forbes ranked them as the fourth highest-earning celebrities in the world in 2015, and second in 2016.After the release of Four, One Direction became the first band in the U.S. Billboard 200 history to have their first four albums debut at number one. Their third album, Midnight Memories, was the best-selling album worldwide in 2013 with 4 million copies sold globally. The band's Where We Are Tour, in support of Midnight Memories, was the highest-grossing concert tour in 2014, the highest-grossing tour by a vocal group in history, and the 15th highest-grossing concert tour of all time, grossing $290.2 million (unadjusted for inflation). In 2014, Billboard named One Direction Artist of the Year. The band went on hiatus in January 2016, allowing all members to pursue other projects. As of 2020, the band has sold a total of 50 million records worldwide.", "Q755566": "Salisbury () is a city in and the county seat of Wicomico County, Maryland, United States, and the largest city in the state's Eastern Shore region. The population was 30,343 at the 2010 census. Salisbury is the principal city of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city is the commercial hub of the Delmarva Peninsula, which was long devoted to agriculture and had a southern culture. It calls itself \"The Comfortable Side of Coastal\".\n\n", "Q713533": "Mihailo Lali\u0107 (pronounced [mix\u01ceil\u0254 l\u00e2lit\u0361\u0255]; 7 October 1914, in Trep\u010da, Andrijevica, Kingdom of Montenegro \u2013 30 December 1992, in Belgrade, FRY) was a Montenegrin and Serbian writer.", "Q512681": "Joan McAlpine MSP (born 28 January 1962) is a Scottish journalist and Scottish National Party politician who has been a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the South Scotland region since 2011. She has a newspaper column in The Daily Record and is author of the blog Go Lassie Go, which won a Scottish media blog award.\n\n", "Q63513": "Anton (\"Toni\") Mang (born 29 September 1949 in Inning (Starnberg) at the Ammersee) is a former five-time world champion in Grand Prix motorcycle racing from Germany.", "Q309788": "Donnie Wayne \"Don\" Johnson (born December 15, 1949) is an American actor, producer, director, singer, and songwriter. He played the role of James \"Sonny\" Crockett in the 1980s television series Miami Vice, winning a Golden Globe for his work in the role. He also had the eponymous lead role in the 1990s cop series Nash Bridges. He has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.\nJohnson was the American Power Boat Association's 1988 World Champion of the Offshore World Cup.", "Q1806078": "Lawrence Webb Kissell (born January 31, 1951) was the U.S. Representative for North Carolina's 8th congressional district, serving from 2009 to 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district stretches from Charlotte to Fayetteville. On November 6, 2012, Kissell lost re-election to Richard Hudson, his Republican opponent.", "Q1355594": "Jimmy Bower (born September 19, 1968) is an American guitarist and drummer from New Orleans, Louisiana. Bower is known for his work with pioneering sludge metal bands Eyehategod, Crowbar, Down, and Superjoint Ritual, being a founding member of all 4.", "Q658724": "Georgi Stoykov Rakovski (Bulgarian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0420\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438) (1821 \u2013 9 October 1867), known also Georgi Sava Rakovski (Bulgarian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438 \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438), born Sabi Stoykov Popovich (Bulgarian: \u0421\u044a\u0431\u0438 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447), was a 19th-century Bulgarian revolutionary, freemason, writer and an important figure of the Bulgarian National Revival and resistance against Ottoman rule.", "Q107709": "Franz Jakob (November 17, 1891 in Veitsaurach \u2013 10 September 1965 in Ingolstadt) was a German Nazi politician.", "Q274039": "Ariana Nozeman (alt: A(d)riana Noseman/Nooseman): born Ariana van den Bergh (1626/1628 in Middelburg \u2013 December 7, 1661 in Amsterdam), was the first actress in The Netherlands. She made her debut on stage in 1655 at the Amsterdam Schouwburg (Amsterdam Theater) in a play by Jan Jacobsz. Schipper which accidentally bore her name \u2018Onvergelijkelijke Ariana\u2019 (\u2018Incomparable Ariana\u2019).", "Q852638": "Dana Point () is a city located in southern Orange County, California. The population was 33,351 at the 2010 census. It has one of the few harbors along the Orange County coast, and with ready access via State Route 1, it is a popular local destination for surfing.\nThe city was named after the headland of Dana Point, which was in turn named after Richard Henry Dana, Jr., author of Two Years Before the Mast, which included a description of the area. Dana described the locale, including neighboring San Juan Capistrano, as \"the only romantic spot on the coast\". Although Dana described the anchorage as poor, it is now a developed harbor and contains a replica of his ship, the Pilgrim. The Pilgrim is used as a classroom by the Ocean Institute, which is located at the harbor. This area is designated California Historical Landmark #189.", "Q118629": "Haji Agus Salim ([\u02c8a\u0261\u028as \u02c8sal\u026am]; October 8, 1884 \u2013 November 4, 1954) was an Indonesian journalist, diplomat, and statesman. He served as Indonesia's Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1947 and 1949.", "Q184366": "Thomas Henry Huxley (4 May 1825 \u2013 29 June 1895) was an English biologist and anthropologist specialising in comparative anatomy. He is known as \"Darwin's Bulldog\" for his advocacy of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.The stories regarding Huxley's famous debate in 1860 with Samuel Wilberforce were a key moment in the wider acceptance of evolution and in his own career, although historians think that the surviving story of the debate is a later fabrication. Huxley had been planning to leave Oxford on the previous day, but, after an encounter with Robert Chambers, the author of Vestiges, he changed his mind and decided to join the debate. Wilberforce was coached by Richard Owen, against whom Huxley also debated about whether humans were closely related to apes.\nHuxley was slow to accept some of Darwin's ideas, such as gradualism, and was undecided about natural selection, but despite this he was wholehearted in his public support of Darwin. Instrumental in developing scientific education in Britain, he fought against the more extreme versions of religious tradition.\n\nOriginally coining the term in 1869, Huxley elaborated on \"agnosticism\" in 1889 to frame the nature of claims in terms of what is knowable and what is not. Huxley statesAgnosticism, in fact, is not a creed, but a method, the essence of which lies in the rigorous application of a single principle... the fundamental axiom of modern science... In matters of the intellect, follow your reason as far as it will take you, without regard to any other consideration... In matters of the intellect, do not pretend that conclusions are certain which are not demonstrated or demonstrable. Use of that term has continued to the present day (see Thomas Henry Huxley and agnosticism). Much of Huxley's agnosticism is influenced by Kantian views on human perception and the ability to rely on rational evidence rather than belief systems.Huxley had little formal schooling and was virtually self-taught. He became perhaps the finest comparative anatomist of the later 19th century. He worked on invertebrates, clarifying relationships between groups previously little understood. Later, he worked on vertebrates, especially on the relationship between apes and humans. After comparing Archaeopteryx with Compsognathus, he concluded that birds evolved from small carnivorous dinosaurs, a theory widely accepted today.\nThe tendency has been for this fine anatomical work to be overshadowed by his energetic and controversial activity in favour of evolution, and by his extensive public work on scientific education, both of which had significant effects on society in Britain and elsewhere. Huxley's 1893 Romanes Lecture, \u201cEvolution and Ethics\u201d is exceedingly influential in China; the Chinese translation of Huxley's lecture even transformed the Chinese translation of Darwin's Origin of Species.", "Q318685": "Steven Robert Guttenberg (born August 24, 1958) is an American actor, author, businessman, producer, and director. He is known for his lead roles in Hollywood films of the 1980s and 1990s, including Cocoon, Police Academy, Three Men and a Baby, Diner, The Bedroom Window, Three Men and a Little Lady, The Big Green and Short Circuit.", "Q150651": "George Denis Patrick Carlin (May 12, 1937 \u2013 June 22, 2008) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, amateur philosopher, author, and social critic. He was known for his black comedy and reflections on politics, the English language, psychology, religion, and various taboo subjects. He and his \"seven dirty words\" comedy routine were central to the 1978 U.S. Supreme Court case F.C.C. v. Pacifica Foundation, in which a 5\u20134 decision affirmed the government's power to regulate indecent material on the public airwaves. Widely regarded as one of the most important and influential American stand-up comics of all time, Carlin was dubbed by one newspaper to be \"the dean of counterculture comedians\".The first of Carlin's 14 stand-up comedy specials for HBO was filmed in 1977. From the late 1980s, Carlin's routines focused on sociocultural criticism of American society. He often commented on contemporary political issues in the United States and satirized the excesses of American culture. He was a frequent performer and guest host on The Tonight Show during the three-decade Johnny Carson era, and hosted the first episode of Saturday Night Live in 1975.\nCarlin's final HBO special, It's Bad for Ya, was filmed less than four months before his death from cardiac arrest. In 2008, he was posthumously awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor. In 2017, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him second (behind Richard Pryor) on its list of the 50 best stand-up comics of all time. In 2004, he placed second on the Comedy Central list of \"Top 10 Comedians of US Audiences\".", "Q170581": "Nancy Patricia Pelosi (; n\u00e9e D'Alesandro; born March 26, 1940) is an American politician serving as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives since 2019, and previously from 2007 to 2011. She is the only woman in U.S. history to hold this position and is the highest-ranking female elected official in United States history. As House Speaker, Pelosi is second in the presidential line of succession, immediately after the vice president.Pelosi was first elected to Congress in 1987. She started her 17th term in 2019. She represents California's 12th congressional district, which consists of four-fifths of the city and county of San Francisco. She initially represented the 5th district (1987\u20131993), and then, when district boundaries were redrawn after the 1990 Census, the 8th district (1993\u20132013). She is a member of the Democratic Party. Pelosi has led House Democrats since 2003\u2014being the first woman to lead a party in Congress\u2014serving twice each as House minority leader (2003\u20132007 and 2011\u20132019, when Republicans held the majority), and as Speaker (2007\u20132011 and 2019\u2013present, during periods of Democratic majority). \nPelosi was a major opponent of the Iraq War as well as the Bush administration's 2005 attempt to partially privatize Social Security. During her first speakership, she was instrumental in the passage of many landmark bills, including the Affordable Care Act, the Dodd\u2013Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, and the 2010 Tax Relief Act.\nPelosi lost the speakership in January 2011 after the Democratic Party lost control of the House of Representatives in the 2010 elections. However, she retained her role as leader of the House Democratic Caucus and returned to the role of House minority leader. In the 2018 midterm elections, the Democrats won back control of the House. Afterward, when the 116th Congress convened on January 3, 2019, Pelosi was again elected speaker, becoming the first former speaker to return to the post since Sam Rayburn in 1955. Pelosi announced the commencement of impeachment hearings into President Donald Trump on September 24, 2019.", "Q533883": "Tricia Leigh Fisher (born December 26, 1968) is an American actress and singer.", "Q66717800": "Fruits de Mer Records is an independent British record label established in 2008 by Keith Jones and Andy Bracken. It is based in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, England. The record label releases psychedelic rock, psychedelic folk, folk rock, space rock and krautrock music, with an international roster of artists spanning from the 1960s to the present. Fruits de Mer Records principally releases music on vinyl record format, but cassette tapes and compact discs have also been used. Some of the releases are reissues of classic albums or singles, while others are modern takes on psychedelia.Prior to founding Fruits de Mer Records, Bracken operated his own record company, Bracken Records, which existed from 2004 to 2010. When Fruits de Mer Records was established in early 2008, it was operated as an imprint label of Bracken Records, and remained as such until the closure of the parent company in late 2010. Fruits de Mer Records' early releases featured cover versions of classic songs interpreted by modern bands. In 2011, Jones and Bracken established the imprint Regal Crabomophone with the intention of releasing original songs by modern bands. Outputs through Fruits de Mer Records bare catalog numbers starting with the word crustacean, while those through Regal Crabomophone bare catalog numbers starting with the word winkle. Bracken left the partnership in 2012, shortly after relocating to Virginia, United States. Jones has since assumed full ownership and continues to operate the record label with occasional help from his family and of close musical collaborators.In 2013, Jones established the imprint Strange Fish with the intention of releasing bands and artists whose genres went beyond what Fruits De Mer Records and Regal Crabomophone normally released; mainly more experimental or hard-to-categorize artists. Outputs through Strange Fish bare catalog numbers starting with the words strange fish.In 2014, Jones established the imprint Friends of the Fish. The purpose of this imprint has been expanded over the years, but generally includes limited-edition lathe cut vinyls, series of Various Artists compilation albums given out for free to Fruits de Mer Records Club members and at live events, and releases financed by bands that benefit from Fruits de Mer Records' distribution network and fan-base. Outputs through Friends of the Fish Fish bare catalog numbers starting with the words friends of the fish and generally also include the Fruits de Mer Records logo.In 2015, Jones established the imprint Head Cleaner with the intention of releasing cassette tape-format albums. Outputs through Head Cleaner bare catalog numbers starting with the words head cleaner.", "Q183409": "Cecil Williams (1909\u20131979) was an English-South African theatre director and anti-apartheid activist.\nIn 1999, a film about Williams, The Man Who Drove With Mandela, was released.", "Q75371": "Johannes Baptista Fallati (15 March 1809 \u2013 5 October 1855) was a German statistician and economist. He was born at Hamburg, where his father, originally of Rovigo (Venetia), was a merchant.\nFallati was educated at T\u00fcbingen and Heidelberg, and in 1838 became professor of political history and statistics at the former university. In 1839 he travelled to England, inquiring into English statistical societies and other institutions. In 1848 he became a member of the W\u00fcrttemberg parliament, and under-secretary for commerce in the short-lived Frankfurt imperial assembly, 1848\u201349. On its dissolution he returned to an academic career, becoming in 1850 university librarian at T\u00fcbingen.\nFrom 1844 till his death, Fallati was joint-editor of the quarterly Zeitschrift fur die gesammte Staatswissenschaft. During his brief political career he planned and embodied legislative organisation in four directions, viz. the imperial consulate, inland navigation, marine measurement, and his most cherished idea an imperial statistical bureau. He also prosecuted inquiry in the question of emigration. To a winning personality and many-sided culture he united clear and practical method.\nHe died of cholera in The Hague.", "Q536723": "Lori Lieberman (born November 15, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter who accompanies herself on guitar and piano. She first came to public attention in the early 1970s with a series of albums on Capitol Records, one of which featured the first recording of \"Killing Me Softly with His Song\". After a long gap, she resumed her recording career in the mid-1990s.", "Q112462": "Hermann Neubacher (24 June 1893 \u2013 1 July 1960) was an Austrian Nazi politician who held a number of diplomatic posts in the Third Reich. During the Second World War, he was appointed as the leading German foreign ministry official for Greece and the Balkans (including Serbia, Albania and Montenegro).\n\n", "Q355785": "Joseph Locke FRSA (9 August 1805 \u2013 18 September 1860) was a notable English civil engineer of the nineteenth century, particularly associated with railway projects. Locke ranked alongside Robert Stephenson and Isambard Kingdom Brunel as one of the major pioneers of railway development.", "Q795030": "Brujeria (Spanish pronunciation: [b\u027euxe\u02c8\u027ei.a]) is a Mexican-American extreme metal band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1989. Their name comes from the Spanish word for \"witchcraft\". Their songs, which are sung in Spanish, are focused on Satanism, anti-Christianity, sex, immigration, narcotics smuggling, and politics. Portraying a Mexican image and with a heavy anti-American stance, the majority of the band's members are Mexican-born, with some being American, Swedish or British.\nBrujeria alumni include Fear Factory guitarist Dino Cazares and drummer Raymond Herrera, as well as Billy Gould, Nicholas Barker, Jeff Walker and Shane Embury. They perform under pseudonyms and portray themselves as a Latino band consisting of drug lords, concealing their identities due to being wanted by the FBI. In videos and photographs of the band, they are shown wearing bandanas, balaclavas, serapes, and are often shown wielding machetes.", "Q3436439": "Captain Robert C. Truax (USN) (September 3, 1917 \u2013 September 17, 2010) was an American rocket engineer in the United States Navy, and companies such as Aerojet and Truax Engineering, which he founded. Truax was a proponent of low-cost rocket engine and vehicle designs.\n\n", "Q144624": "Zakaria Tamer (Arabic: \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u200e), also called Zakariya Tamir (strict transliteration Zakariyy\u0101 T\u0101mir), (born January 2, 1931 in Damascus, Syria) is a Syrian short story writer. \nHe is one of the most important and widely read and translated short story writers in the Arab world, as well as being the foremost author of children\u2019s stories in Arabic. He also writes children's stories and works as a freelance journalist, writing satirical columns in newspapers.\nHis volumes of short stories, are often reminiscent of folktales, and are renowned for their relative simplicity on the one hand and the complexity of their many potential references on the other. They often have a sharp edge and are often a surrealistic protest against political or social oppression and exploitation. Most of Zakaria Tamer\u2019s stories deal with people\u2019s inhumanity to each other, the oppression of the poor by the rich and of the weak by the strong. The political and social problems of his own country, Syria, and of the Arab world, are reflected in the stories and sketches in the satirical style typical of his writing.\nHis first stories were published in 1957. Since then he has published eleven collections of short stories, two collections of satirical articles and numerous children\u2019s books. His works have been translated into many languages, with two collections in English, Tigers on the Tenth Day (translated by Denys Johnson-Davies, Quartet 1985) and Breaking Knees (June 2008).In 2009 he won the Blue Metropolis Montreal International Literary prize.", "Q153358": "Fania Borach (October 29, 1891 \u2013 May 29, 1951), known professionally as Fanny Brice or Fannie Brice, was an American illustrated song model, comedienne, singer, theater, and film actress who made many stage, radio, and film appearances. She is known as the creator and star of the top-rated radio comedy series The Baby Snooks Show.Thirteen years after her death, Brice was portrayed on the Broadway stage by Barbra Streisand in the 1964 musical Funny Girl; Streisand also starred in its 1968 film adaptation, for which she won an Oscar, and in the 1975 sequel, Funny Lady.", "Q529603": "Patrick Ray Leonard (born March 14, 1956) is an American songwriter, keyboardist, film composer, and music producer, best known for his longtime collaboration with Madonna. His work with Madonna includes her albums True Blue (1986), Who's That Girl (1987), Like a Prayer (1989), I'm Breathless (1990) and Ray of Light (1998). He scored her 2008 documentary I Am Because We Are, played keyboards with her at Live Aid (1985), and was musical director and keyboardist on The Virgin Tour (1985) and the Who's That Girl World Tour (1987).\nLeonard has worked with a wide variety of artists including late-period Pink Floyd and solo Roger Waters, Elton John, Leonard Cohen, Bryan Ferry, Julian Lennon, Rod Stewart, Michael Jackson, Fleetwood Mac, Jeff Beck, Bryan Adams, Peter Cetera, Jewel, Blue October, Duncan Sheik, Michael W. Smith, Marianne Faithfull, and Robbie Robertson. He was half of the art-pop group Toy Matinee with Kevin Gilbert and Third Matinee with Richard Page. He has also acted as composer for a variety of films and stage productions.Leonard has collaborated with Leonard Cohen, acting as a writer and producer for 2012\u2019s Old Ideas and 2014\u2019s Popular Problems, and co-writer, co-producer of 2016\u2019s You Want It Darker. \"Nevermind,\" a song from Popular Problems that Leonard co-wrote and produced, was featured as the title theme for Season 2 of HBO's True Detective. Cohen remarked that Leonard \"is such a magnificent composer. I don\u2019t think there\u2019s anybody working today with those kinds of skills.\"In 1997, Leonard released the instrumental album Rivers on his own record label, Unitone.Leonard has three children: a daughter Jessica, a writer (for whom Madonna's song \"Dear Jessie\" was written), and two sons, Sean, who is a musician, and Jordan, a projection mapper and VJ under the name Pickels Visuals.\nLeonard and Icelandic singer, songwriter Anna Mj\u00f6ll were married on November 19, 2018, in Patrick's home town, Crystal Falls, Michigan.", "Q189642": "Zenna Chlarson Henderson (November 1, 1917 \u2013 May 11, 1983) was an American elementary school teacher and science fiction and fantasy author. Her first story was published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction in 1951. Her work is cited as pre-feminist, often featuring middle-aged women, children, and their relationships, but with stereotyped gender roles. Many of her stories center around humanoid aliens called \"The People\" who have special powers. Henderson was nominated for a Hugo Award in 1959 for her novelette \"Captivity.\" Science fiction authors Lois McMaster Bujold, Orson Scott Card, Connie Willis, and Kathy Tyers have cited her as an influence on their work.", "Q104200": "Otto Sch\u00fcssler (August 8, 1905 \u2013 1982) was a German Communist. He sometimes used the pseudonyms Oskar Fischer and Juli\u00e1n Su\u00e1rez. \nSch\u00fcssler was born in 1905 to a working-class family in Leipzig. He became an important leader of the Trotskyist movement in Weimar Germany. \nIn the spring of 1932, Leon Trotsky's son, Lev Sedov, who at that time was living in Berlin, was looking for a German-speaking secretary for his father. Sch\u00fcssler was offered the job and went to the island of Prinkipo in Turkey, where Trotsky was living in exile. Sch\u00fcssler became one of Trotsky's closest collaborators, and in November 1932 he accompanied Trotsky on his trip to Copenhagen.\nIn 1933, Sch\u00fcssler went back to Germany to attend some meetings of the German Trotskyist group, which had now been labeled an \"illegal organization\" after Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party rose to power. This situation was very difficult. Otto Sch\u00fcssler decided to move to Prague in Czechoslovakia, where he participated in the publication of illegal communist papers and pamphlets, using the pseudonym \"Oskar Fischer.\" \nIn Paris in 1938, Sch\u00fcssler participated at the founding of the Fourth International. After that, Sch\u00fcssler decided to go to Mexico, where Trotsky was now living. He arrived in Coyoac\u00e1n in February 1939 where he started working as Trotsky's secretary and bodyguard. \nWhen on May 24, 1940, a machine-gun assault by Mexican Stalinists took place against Trotsky's household, Otto Sch\u00fcssler, together with Charles Cornell (one of Trotsky's guards from the United States and a member of the Socialist Workers Party), was arrested by the Mexican police. At first the police suspected Trotsky and his secretaries of having staged the raid, but soon realized that idea to be wrong. After two days and at the personal intervention of Trotsky, both Schussler and Cornell were released.\nA second murder attempt on August 20 by NKVD agent Ram\u00f3n Mercader succeeded. Sch\u00fcssler remained in Mexico, took a job, and continued to be active in the Mexican section of the Fourth International under his Mexican pseudonym, \"Juli\u00e1n Su\u00e1rez.\" By the end of the 1940s, he gave up politics and broke off contact with all former friends and comrades.", "Q325262": "Ali Dashti (Persian: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u200e, pronounced [\u00e6\u02c8li\u02d0 d\u00e6\u0283\u02c8ti\u02d0]; 31 March 1897 \u2013 January 16, 1982) was an Iranian rationalist of the twentieth century. Dashti was also an Iranian senator.", "Q2974": "Haan is a town in the district of Mettmann, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated at the western edge of the Bergisches Land, 12 km southwest of Wuppertal and 17 km east of D\u00fcsseldorf. In 1975, Gruiten was incorporated into Haan.\n\n", "Q8047423": "The Yale School of Drama (also known as YSD) is a graduate professional school of Yale University located in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1924 as the Department of Drama in the School of Fine Arts, the school provides training in every discipline of the theatre: acting, design (set design, costume design, lighting design, projection design, and sound design), directing, dramaturgy and dramatic criticism, playwriting, stage management, technical design and production, and theatre management.\nThe school operates in partnership with the Yale Repertory Theatre, also located in New Haven.\n\n", "Q4664374": "Abbott Records was an American record label operated by music promoter and producer Fabor Robison from 1951 to about 1958. Abbott Records released mainly country and western music, rockabilly and \u2014 towards the end of its existence \u2014 mainstream pop vocal selections, enjoying considerable chart success for a label of its modest means.", "Q181578": "Qazvin (; Persian: \u0642\u0632\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u200e, IPA: [\u0262\u00e6z\u02c8vi\u02d0n] (listen), also Romanized as Qazv\u012bn, Caspin, Qazwin, or Ghazvin) is the largest city and capital of the Province of Qazvin in Iran. Qazvin was a medieval capital of the Safavid dynasty for over forty years (1555-1598) and nowadays is known as the calligraphy capital of Iran. It is famous for its Baghlava, carpet patterns, poets, political newspaper and Pahlavi influence on its accent. At the 2011 census, its population was 381,598.Located in 150 km (93 mi) northwest of Tehran, in the Qazvin Province, it is at an altitude of about 1,800 m (5,900 ft) above sea level. The climate is cold but dry, due to its position south of the rugged Alborz range called KTS Atabakiya.", "Q104566": "Petrus Albinus (German name: Peter von Wei\u00dfe; 1543\u20131598) was a professor at Wittenberg in Germany and is known as the father of Saxon historiography.", "Q462366": "Charles Edwin Wilbour (March 17, 1833 \u2013 December 17, 1896) was an American journalist and Egyptologist. He was one of the discoverers of the Elephantine Papyri. He produced the first English translation of Les Mis\u00e9rables.", "Q196004": "From Dusk till Dawn is a 1996 American action horror film directed by Robert Rodriguez and written by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Harvey Keitel, George Clooney, Tarantino, and Juliette Lewis. After enjoying financial success at the box office, it has since become a cult film.", "Q207969": "Eric Anthony Roberts (born April 18, 1956) is an American actor. His career began with a leading role in King of the Gypsies (1978), for which he received his first Golden Globe Award nomination. He was again recognized by the Golden Globes for his interpretation of Paul Snider in Bob Fosse's Star 80 (1983). Roberts' performance in Runaway Train (1985), as prison escapee Buck McGeehy, earned him a nomination for a third Golden Globe and a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He is the older brother of actress Julia Roberts.\nIn a career spanning over 40 years, Roberts has amassed more than 561 credits, including Raggedy Man (1981), The Pope of Greenwich Village (1984), The Specialist (1994), Cecil B. Demented (2000), National Security (2003), A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints (2006), The Dark Knight (2008), The Expendables (2010) and Inherent Vice (2014). His equally varied television work includes three seasons with the sitcom Less than Perfect, as well as recurring roles on the NBC drama Heroes and the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, as well as Saved by the Light, the legal drama Suits, Fox's The Finder, and as The Master in the 1996 Doctor Who television movie.\n\n", "Q325504": "Electronic rock is a music genre that involves a combination of rock music and electronic music, featuring instruments typically found within both genres. It originates from the late 1960s, when rock bands such as the United States of America, White Noise, and Gong began incorporating electronic instrumentation into rock music. Other early acts to blend synthesizers and musique concr\u00e8te's tape music techniques with rock instrumentation included Silver Apples, Fifty Foot Hose, Syrinx, Lothar and the Hand People, Beaver & Krause and Tonto's Expanding Head Band. Many such 1960s acts blended psychedelic rock with avant-garde academic or underground influences.In the 1970s, German \"krautrock\" bands such as Neu!, Kraftwerk, Can, and Ash Ra Tempel challenged rock boundaries by incorporating electronic instrumentation. Since the late 2000s, electronic rock has become increasingly popular. Electronic rock acts usually fuse elements from other music styles, including punk rock, industrial rock, hip hop, techno, and synth-pop, which has helped spur subgenres such as indietronica, dance-punk, and electroclash.", "Q39609": "Terry Edward Branstad (born November 17, 1946) is an American politician, university administrator, and diplomat serving as the United States Ambassador to China since 2017. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as governor of Iowa. Branstad also served three terms in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1973 to 1979.\nBranstad served as the 39th governor of Iowa from 1983 to 1999. After retiring from politics, he served as President of Des Moines University from 2003 to 2009. In 2010 he ran for governor again and defeated incumbent Chet Culver to become the state's 42nd governor. He was reelected to a sixth term in 2014. In December 2015 he surpassed New York's George Clinton as the longest-tenured governor in American history.In December 2016 Branstad accepted President Donald Trump's nomination as United States Ambassador to China. He was confirmed and sworn in in May 2017. Upon resigning as governor, Branstad was succeeded by Lieutenant Governor Kim Reynolds, who became Iowa's first female governor and went on to win election to the office in 2018.", "Q67013": "Agnes Miegel (9 March 1879 in K\u00f6nigsberg, East Prussia \u2013 26 October 1964 in Bad Salzuflen, West Germany) was a German author, journalist, and poet. She is best known for her poems and short stories about East Prussia, but also for the support she gave to the Nazi Party.", "Q84388": "Volker R\u00fche (born September 25, 1942) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as German Defence minister from April 1, 1992, succeeding Gerhard Stoltenberg during the first government of a reunified Germany in the fourth cabinet of Chancellor Kohl, to the end of the fifth Kohl Cabinet on October 27, 1998. During his time at the Defence Ministry R\u00fche played a central role in placing NATO enlargement on the German political agenda. He unsuccessfully ran for the office of minister-president of the German state Schleswig-Holstein in the year 2000, eventually losing against incumbent Heide Simonis.\n\n", "Q186217": "Joseph Reed \"Joe\" Lane (May 6, 1858 \u2013 May 1, 1931) was an attorney and a one-term Republican U.S. Representative from Iowa's 2nd congressional district at the close of the 19th century.\nLane was born in Davenport, Iowa, as the son of local attorney James T. Lane and his wife Annie. He attended the public schools in Davenport.\nHe was graduated from Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois, in 1878 and from the University of Iowa College of Law at Iowa City, Iowa in 1880.\nHe was admitted to the bar in the latter year and commenced practice in Davenport with his father's law firm, the predecessor to the Lane & Waterman firm. \nHe served as a regent of the University of Iowa, and was a member of the Davenport City Council from 1884 to 1889.\nIn 1898, incumbent Republican Congressman George M. Curtis refused to run for a third term as representative of Iowa's 2nd congressional district, and no clear replacement as Republican nominee emerged prior to the party's district nominating convention. At that convention, Lane became a candidate and was chosen by acclamation. After defeating John J. Ney in the general election, Lane served in the Fifty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1899 \u2013 March 3, 1901).\nIn July 1900 he made the surprising announcement that would not seek re-election, citing personal and private business reasons. He resumed the practice of law in Davenport. He served as delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1908.\nLane died in Davenport on May 1, 1931. He was interred in Oakdale Cemetery.", "Q3959311": "Sorcerer on the Rocks (\u5996\u8853\u8005 \u30aa\u30f3\u30b6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af, Mahotsukai on za Rokkus) also known as Chivas 1-2-3 (\u30b7\u30fc\u30d0\u30b9\uff11-\uff12-\uff13, Chivas 1-2-3) is a spin-off of Sorcerer Hunters. The name was changed from Chivas 1-2-3 because ADV Films didn't want to get into a legal fight with the Whiskey company of the same name. So, the name of the OVAs and the first name of the hero were changed for the English Dub. The original story is by Satoru Akahori and Miku Yuki, and was published in Media Works' Monthly Dengeki Comic Gao!", "Q231203": "Amy Beth Dziewiontkowski (born May 3, 1968), known professionally as Amy Ryan, is an American actress of stage and screen. A graduate of New York's High School of Performing Arts, she is an Academy Award nominee and two-time Tony Award nominee.\nRyan began her professional stage career in 1987 and made her Broadway debut in 1993 as a replacement in the original production of The Sisters Rosensweig. She went on to receive Tony Award nominations for Best Featured Actress in a Play for the 2000 revival of Uncle Vanya and the 2005 revival of A Streetcar Named Desire. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as Helene McCready in the 2007 film Gone Baby Gone. The role also earned her a Golden Globe nomination and won her a Critics' Choice Award. Her other films include Changeling (2008), Win Win (2011) and Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014). On television, she played Beadie Russell in HBO's The Wire (2002\u201308), Holly Flax in NBC's The Office (2008\u201311) and Adele Brousse in HBO's In Treatment (2010).", "Q227461": "Too Hot to Handle, also known as Let 'Em All Talk, is a 1938 comedy-drama directed by Jack Conway and starring Clark Gable, Myrna Loy, and Walter Pidgeon. The plot concerns a newsreel reporter, the female aviator he is attracted to (influenced by Amelia Earhart, who had disappeared 14 months earlier) and his fierce competitor. Many of the comedy gags were devised by an uncredited Buster Keaton.", "Q323175": "Maurice Louis Baquet (26 May 1911 \u2013 8 July 2005) was a French actor and cellist.\nHe was born in Villefranche-sur-Sa\u00f4ne and died in Noisy-le-Grand.\nHe studied music at the Conservatoire de Paris in the same class as Henri Betti, Paul Bonneau, Henri Dutilleux and Louiguy.", "Q529165": "Royal Oak is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a suburb of Detroit. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 57,236. It is the 8th-largest municipality in Oakland County and the 27th-largest municipality in Michigan by population.\n\n", "Q218691": "Zollikon is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland known for being one of Switzerland's most exclusive districts. Besides the main settlement of Zollikon, which lies on the shore of Lake Z\u00fcrich, the municipality also includes Zollikerberg, at a higher elevation on the road from Z\u00fcrich to Forch.\n\n", "Q106371": "Armin Weiss (or Wei\u00df in German script) (5 November 1927 \u2013 7 December 2010) was a German inorganic chemist and politician of the Green Party.", "Q129392": "Carolina Victoria Benvenga (born January 10, 1990) is an Italian actress and television presenter. Her prominent work to date has included a lead role in the television series I liceali, as the daughter of the show's main character, and a supporting role in the 2010 romantic comedy film Una canzone per te. As of late 2012, Benvenga was hosting two national Italian television programs: La posta di Yoyo on Rai Yoyo, and Tigg\u00ec Gulp on Rai Gulp.", "Q581957": "Bj\u00f8rn Eidsv\u00e5g (born 17 March 1954) is a Norwegian singer, songwriter and ordained minister in the Lutheran Church of Norway. He was born in Sauda, and is a graduate (cand. theol.) of the MF Norwegian School of Theology. He has released more than 25 albums since his 1976 debut, and received the Norwegian music award the Spellemannsprisen at least three times.\nHis list of songs is very long. He is probably best known for his melancholic 1983 song \"Eg ser\" (I see).", "Q75417": "Adolf Georg Wiedersheim-Paul (6 January 1863 \u2013 30 September 1943) was a Swedish writer of novels and plays. He lived most of his adult life in Berlin, Germany, where he was a friend of Swedish writer August Strindberg, Finnish composer Jean Sibelius, Norwegian painter Edvard Munch and Finnish artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela.", "Q109042": "Halden , between 1665 and 1928 known as Frederikshald, is both a town and a municipality in Viken county, Norway. The municipality borders Sarpsborg to the northwest, Rakkestad to the north and Aremark to the east, as well as the Swedish municipalities Str\u00f6mstad, Tanum and Dals-Ed respectively to the southwest, south and southeast.\nThe seat of the municipality, Halden is a border town located at the mouth of the Tista river on the Iddefjord, the southernmost border crossing between Norway and Sweden. The town of Halden is located about 120 km (75 mi) south of Oslo, 190 km (120 mi) north of Gothenburg, and 12 km (7.5 mi) east of the border crossing at Svinesund.", "Q72378": "Friedrich Christian Accum or Frederick Accum (29 March 1769 \u2013 28 June 1838) was a German chemist, whose most important achievements included advances in the field of gas lighting, efforts to keep processed foods free from dangerous additives, and the promotion of interest in the science of chemistry to the general populace. From 1793 to 1821 Accum lived in London. Following an apprenticeship as an apothecary, he opened his own commercial laboratory enterprise. His business manufactured and sold a variety of chemicals and laboratory equipment. Accum, himself, gave fee-based public lectures in practical chemistry and collaborated with research efforts at numerous other institutes of science.\nIntrigued by the work of Frederick Winsor, who had been championing the introduction of gas lighting in London, Accum too, became fascinated by this innovation. At the request of the Gas Light and Coke Company, he carried out many experiments in this novel field of inquiry. After a time of close working association with this company, he became a member of its board of directors in 1812. The company was charged with founding the first gasworks in London to supply gas lighting to both private and public areas. Accum was instrumental in the conception and design of this extremely successful gasworks.\nThe majority of Accum's publications were written in English. They were executed in a style that made them quite accessible. Many scientific contributions were brought forth through his writings, which were influential in the popularization of chemistry during this era. In 1820, Accum published Treatise on Adulteration of Food, in which he denounced the use of chemical additives to food. This work marked the beginning of an awareness of need for food safety oversight. Accum was the first person to tackle the subject and to reach a wide audience through his activities. His book, controversial at the time, found a wide audience and sold well. However, it threatened established practices within the food processing industry, earning him many enemies among the London food manufacturers. Accum left England after a lawsuit was brought against him. He lived out the rest of his life as a teacher at an industrial institution in Berlin.", "Q98979": "Cornelia Behm (born 20 September 1951 in Kleinmachnow, Potsdam-Mittelmark, Brandenburg) is a German politician and member of Alliance '90/The Greens in the Bundestag from 2002 till 2013..", "Q275441": "The Labour Party (Dutch: Partij van de Arbeid, [p\u0251r\u02c8t\u025bi v\u0251n d\u0259 \u02c8\u0294\u0251rb\u025bit], abbreviated as PvdA, [\u02ccpe\u02d0ve\u02d0de\u02d0\u02c8ja\u02d0, -de\u02d0\u02c8\u0294a\u02d0] or P van de A, [\u02ccpe\u02d0 v\u0251n d\u0259 \u02c8\u0294a\u02d0]) is a social-democratic political party in the Netherlands.\nThe party was founded in 1946 as a merger of the Social Democratic Workers' Party, the Free-thinking Democratic League, and the Christian Democratic Union. Prime Ministers from the Labour Party have been Willem Drees (1948\u20131958), Joop den Uyl (1973\u20131977), and Wim Kok (1994\u20132002).\nFrom 2012 to 2017, the PvdA formed the second largest parliamental faction and was the junior partner in the Second Rutte cabinet with the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy. Since 2016, Lodewijk Asscher has been Leader of the Labour Party. The party fell to only nine seats in the House of Representatives at the 2017 general election, making it only the seventh-largest faction in the chamber\u2013its worst showing ever. However, the PvdA rebounded with a first-place finish in the 2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands, winning 6 of 26 seats with 19% of the vote.\nThe Labour Party is a member of the European Party of European Socialists and the global Progressive Alliance. In the European Parliament, where the Labour Party has 6 seats, it is part of the parliamentary group Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats.", "Q4898298": "Betsy DeHaas Holden (born October 19, 1955) is an American businesswoman and corporate director of the Tribune Company. Holden is a senior advisor to McKinsey & Company and a member of the Duke University board of trustees.From 2001 to 2004, Holden served as co-CEO of Kraft Foods.", "Q504791": "Pier Ugo Calzolari (11 March 1938 \u2013 11 October 2012) was an Italian engineer and professor of Applied Electronics at the University of Bologna since 1969.Calzolari was born in Granarolo dell'Emilia. In addition to his other achievements, he was rector of the University of Bologna from the year 2000 to 2009. He died in Bologna, aged 74.", "Q73066": "Adalbert von Ladenberg (18 February 1798, in Ansbach \u2013 15 February 1855) was a Prussian politician.\nLadenberg was the son of the Prussian Minister of State Philipp von Ladenberg. After initially receiving his education from tutors, he attended the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium in Berlin and at age 17 joined the Dragoon Guards Regiment for a year. In 1816 he left the military as a Lieutenant and studied Law and cameralism in Berlin, Heidelberg und G\u00f6ttingen.\nAfter successfully completing his studies he received a place as a law clerk in 1818 in the Prussian civil service. From 1824, his career led him from the post of Regierungsrat and legal advisor in Cologne to that of Oberregierungsrat 1829 in K\u00f6nigsberg und Merseburg. He was then made \"regional president\" (Regierungspr\u00e4sident) in Trier in 1834, and six years later Karl vom Stein zum Altenstein appointed him to the ministry for education and cultural affairs and as member of the Prussian Council of State in Berlin.\nWhen Altenstein died on 14 May 1840, Ladenberg was entrusted with the latter's political responsibilities in a provisional capacity until 8 October. From the 22 October he took up this position permanently and from that day onwards led the department for religious Protestant, education and health affairs in the ministry of Johann Albrecht Friedrich von Eichhorn. In 1841 he also received the role of extraordinary government commissioner at the Humboldt University of Berlin.\nWhen Eichhorn resigned all his posts due to the political consequences of the Revolutions of 1848, Ladenberg led the ministry, also under the ministers Maximilian von Schwerin-Putzar and Johann Karl Rodbertus, who held office very briefly. From July to November 1848 this was an interim appointment, which was then made permanent.\nAmongst other things, Ladenberg was significantly involved with various reforms: establishment of the Protestant Oberkirchenrat (a senior administrative body of the church), preparation of an education law and a health law as well as managing a reorganisation of the art establishment.\nThrough the Punctation of Olm\u00fctz of 29 November 1850, Ladenberg felt compelled to resign, but neglected to do so in order to see through certain legislation. From 9 November to 12 December 1850, Ladenberg was made interim Prime Minister. He was later made a Wirklicher Geheimer Rat and as such took over the management of the financial authority.", "Q437429": "Eleanore Cammack \"Cammie\" King (August 5, 1934 \u2013 September 1, 2010) was an American child actress and public relations officer. She is best known for her portrayal of Bonnie Blue Butler in Gone with the Wind (1939). She also provided the voice for the doe Faline as a fawn in the animated Disney film, Bambi (1942).", "Q96954": "Dr. Werner M\u00fcnch (born 25 September 1940 in Bottrop, Province of Westphalia) is a German politician (CDU). After the reunification of Germany he moved to Saxony-Anhalt where he became the first Financial Minister of this state since refounding of same after the reunification under the 1st Minister-President Gerd Gies. After Gies had to resign already in 1991 M\u00fcnch was elected as 2nd Minister-President of Saxony Anhalt from 4 July 1991 to 28 November 1993, when he resigned after criticism over alleged overpayments. He was succeeded by Christoph Bergner.\nOn 25 February 2009 M\u00fcnch quit membership of the CDU after 37 years. He motivated his step with the \"loss of conservative skills\" of the party under the leadership of Angela Merkel. As example he mentioned her critical words against Pope Benedict XVI.", "Q321762": "Napalm Death are a British grindcore band formed in Meriden, West Midlands, England, in 1981. While none of its original members remain in the group since December 1986, the lineup of vocalist Mark \"Barney\" Greenway, bassist Shane Embury, guitarist Mitch Harris and drummer Danny Herrera has remained consistent of the band's career since 1992's Utopia Banished, although, from 1989 to 2004, Napalm Death were a five-piece band after they added Jesse Pintado as the replacement of one-time guitarist Bill Steer; following Pintado's departure, the band reverted to a four-piece rather than replace him.\nThe band is credited as pioneers of the grindcore genre by incorporating elements of crust punk and death metal, using a noise-filled sound that uses heavily distorted, down-tuned guitars, grinding overdrive bass, high speed tempo, blast beats, vocals which consist of incomprehensible growls or high-pitched shrieks, extremely short songs and sociopolitical lyrics. The band's debut album Scum, released in 1987 by Earache Records, proved substantially influential throughout the global metal community. According to the Guinness World Records, their song \"You Suffer\" is the shortest song in the world, at only 1.316 seconds long.\nNapalm Death have released sixteen studio albums, and are listed by Nielsen SoundScan as the seventh best-selling death metal band in the United States.", "Q63275": "Marylise Lebranchu (French pronunciation: \u200b[ma.\u0281i.liz l\u0259.br\u00e3.\u0283y] ; born 25 April 1947 in Loud\u00e9ac, C\u00f4tes-d'Armor) is a French politician. She serves as Minister of the Reform of the State and of Decentralisation under Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault.\n\n", "Q182071": "The Wedding Banquet (Chinese: \u559c\u5bb4; pinyin: X\u01d0y\u00e0n; Wade\u2013Giles: Hsi yen) is a 1993 romantic comedy film directed by Ang Lee and starring Winston Chao, May Chin, Gua Ah-leh, Sihung Lung, and Mitchell Lichtenstein. The screenplay concerns a gay Taiwanese immigrant man who marries a mainland Chinese woman to placate his parents and get her a green card. His plan backfires when his parents arrive in the United States to plan his wedding banquet and he has to hide the truth of his partner.\nThe Wedding Banquet is a co-production between Taiwan and the United States.\nTogether with Pushing Hands and Eat Drink Man Woman, all made in Taiwan, all showing the Confucian family at risk, and all starring the Taiwanese actor Sihung Lung, it forms what has been called Lee's \"Father Knows Best\" trilogy.", "Q23889": "Sir Clive Marles Sinclair (born 30 July 1940) is an English entrepreneur and inventor, most commonly known for his work in consumer electronics in the late 1970s and early 1980s.\nAfter spending several years as assistant editor of Instrument Practice, Sinclair founded Sinclair Radionics in 1961, where he produced the first slim-line electronic pocket calculator in 1972 (the Sinclair Executive). Sinclair later moved into the production of home computers and produced the Sinclair ZX80, the UK's first mass-market home computer for less than \u00a3100, and later, with Sinclair Research, the ZX81 and ZX Spectrum; the latter is widely recognised by consumers and programmers for its importance in the early days of the British home computer industry.Sinclair Research also produced the TV80, a flatscreen portable mini television utilising a cathode ray tube, however, LCD television technology was in advanced development and the Sinclair FTV1 (TV80) was a commercial flop, only 15,000 units being produced.\nKnighted in 1983, Sinclair formed Sinclair Vehicles and released the Sinclair C5, a battery electric vehicle that was also a commercial failure. Since then Sinclair has concentrated on personal transport, including the A-bike, a folding bicycle for commuters that weighs 5.5 kilograms (12 lb) and folds down small enough to be carried on public transport.\n\n", "Q3315520": "Minkhaung I of Ava (Burmese: \u1015\u1011\u1019 \u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a [p\u0259t\u02b0\u0259ma\u0330 m\u026a\u0301\u0274\u0261\u00e0\u028a\u0274]; also spelled Mingaung; 1373\u20131421) was king of Ava from 1400 to 1421. He is best remembered in Burmese history for his epic struggles against King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy Pegu in the Forty Years' War (1385\u20131424). As king, Minkhaung continued his father Swa Saw Ke's policy to restore the Pagan Empire. Under the military leadership of his eldest son Minye Kyawswa, Ava nearly succeeded. While he ultimately failed to conquer Hanthawaddy and Launggyet Arakan, he was able to bring in most of cis-Salween Shan states to the Ava orbit.", "Q90672": "Arnulf Klett (8 April 1905 in Stuttgart, Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg, German Empire - 14 August 1974 on the B\u00fchlerh\u00f6he/Black Forest, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) was a German lawyer and politician. He was the first Lord Mayor of Stuttgart after the Second World War (from 1945 until his death in 1974) and has been the Lord mayor with the longest period in office of that city.", "Q232285": "Choi Jin-Sil (December 24, 1968 \u2013 October 2, 2008) was a South Korean actress. She was considered one of the best actresses in South Korea, nicknamed \"The Nation's Actress\". She played leading roles in 18 films and 20 television dramas, appeared in 140 commercials and won the 33rd Grand Bell Award for Best Actress. She committed suicide by hanging on October 2, 2008, at her home in Seoul.", "Q272879": "Rachael Elizabeth Beck (born 9 February 1971) is an Australian stage and television singer-actress. From 1991 to 1994 Beck had a major role on the popular sitcom, Hey Dad..!, as Samantha Kelly. From 2006 to 2008, Beck appeared on all three seasons of Seven Network's celebrity singing competition It Takes Two, as a singing coach successively for Mark Furze, Ernie Dingo and Mark Wilson. She has appeared in the Australian musical theatre productions of Cats (1985), Disney's Beauty and the Beast (1995\u201396), Les Mis\u00e9rables (1995\u201396), The Sound of Music (August 2000 to February 2001), Cabaret, Singing in the Rain and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. Beck released her first solo album This Girl on 7 March 2014.", "Q744696": "Piers Faccini (born Piers Damian G. Faccini; 1970) is an English singer, painter and songwriter.", "Q128503": "It's All Gone Pete Tong is a 2004 British-Canadian mockumentary filmabout a DJ (Paul Kaye) who goes completely deaf. The title uses a rhyming slang phrase used in Britain from the 1980s (Pete Tong = \"wrong\"), referring to the BBC Radio 1 DJ Pete Tong.It won two awards at the US Comedy Arts Festival for Best Feature and Best Actor (Kaye) and swept the Gen Art Film Festival awards (Grand Jury and Audience). It was filmed on location in Ibiza and shot entirely in HD.Ibiza locations used in the movie include the music venues Pacha, Amnesia, Privilege, DC10 and the historic Pike's Hotel and Cala Llonga beach.", "Q326582": "Kwidzyn (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8kf\u02b2id\u0361z\u0268n]; Latin: Quedin; German: Marienwerder; Old Prussian: Kw\u0113dina) is a town in northern Poland on the Liwa river in the Powi\u015ble (right bank of Vistula) region, with 40,008 inhabitants (2004). It has been a part of the Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, and was previously in the Elbl\u0105g Voivodeship (1975\u20131998). It is the capital of Kwidzyn County.", "Q74286": "Martin Segitz (26 July 1853, F\u00fcrth, Middle Franconia \u2013 31 July 1927, F\u00fcrth) was an acting Bavarian Minister-President and member of the SPD.", "Q3531815": "Joseph Ravindran \"Ravi\" Ratnayeke (born 2 May 1960), is a Sri Lankan Australian businessman and former cricketer who was ODI captain of Sri Lankan cricket team. Ratnayeke played 22 Tests and 78 ODIs from 1982 to 1990, his Test best bowling performance of eight wickets for 83 runs at Jinnah Stadium (Sialkot) Pakistan was a Sri Lankan Test record at the time, and was also vice captain to Arjuna Ranatunga.He left Sri Lankan citizenship in 1990 and is now Australian.Ratnayeke was described by Cricinfo writer Johann Jayasekera as able \"to bowl with a lively pace and move the ball in favourable conditions\", and also as \"a competent batsman\".\n\n", "Q457652": "Richard Mowatt, commonly known by his stage name Solarstone (formerly spelled Solar Stone), is an English trance DJ and producer from Birmingham. The music project Solarstone was founded as a trio, and also used the pseudonyms Young Parisians, Liquid State and Z2. Over the years, Solarstone has developed a reputation for keeping to the original and classic trance sound. He is considered to be a veteran by fans in the trance music scene. Since 2012, Solarstone has been pushing forward a Pure Trance movement through tours where he aims to keep the trance genre true to its roots.", "Q75198": "Habib Bekta\u015f (Salihli, March 1, 1951) is a German-Turkish writer who has lived in Germany since 1972.\nHe lives with his wife in Erlangen and he has two adult children. In Germany he has worked in several places (restaurants, pharmaceutical enterprises...) and as a columnist of the journals Evrensel and Yeni Hayat.", "Q96203": "Heiko Engelkes (1 April 1933 \u2013 6 November 2008) was a German journalist.\nBorn in Norden, he studied law, political science and journalism in Wilhelmshaven, Hamburg and Berlin. Following this he spent time as a Fulbright scholar at the William Allan White School of Journalism of the University of Kansas.\nHe began his career as a journalist in 1956, freelancing for the Norddeutscher Rundfunk, the local public broadcaster for Hamburg and surrounding areas of the Federal Republic, and for the Deutsches Allgemeines Sonntagsblatt, a weekly newspaper published by the Evangelical Church in Germany. In 1960 he switched to the Westdeutscher Rundfunk, a public broadcaster based in Cologne, and became part of the editorial team of the Tagesschau, the broadcaster\u2019s news service. He became head of the editorial team in 1965.\nIn 1974 he moved to Paris as an ARD correspondent, taking over the leadership of ARD\u2019s studio there in 1978. After five years there he returned to Germany in 1983, becoming Second-Editor-in-Chief of ARD-aktuell, the broadcaster\u2019s central TV news bureau. He returned to Paris as local chief at the ARD studio in 1991, remaining there until his retirement in 1998.\nHe died in Cologne on 6 November 2008 from cancer.", "Q1344670": "The Christian Social People's Party (Luxembourgish: Chr\u00ebschtlech Sozial Vollekspartei, French: Parti populaire chr\u00e9tien-social, German: Christlich Soziale Volkspartei), abbreviated to CSV or PCS, is the largest political party in Luxembourg. The party follows a Christian-democratic ideology and, like most parties in Luxembourg, is strongly pro-European. The CSV is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and the Centrist Democrat International (CDI).\nThe CSV has been the largest party in the Chamber of Deputies since the party's formation, and currently holds 23 of 60 seats in the Chamber. Since the Second World War, every Prime Minister of Luxembourg has been a member of the CSV, with only two exceptions: Gaston Thorn (1974\u20131979), and Xavier Bettel (2013\u2013). It holds three of Luxembourg's six seats in the European Parliament, as it has for 20 of the 30 years for which MEPs have been directly elected.\nThe party's President is since January 2019 Frank Engel. However, the leading figure from the party is the former Prime Minister, Jean-Claude Juncker, who previously governed in coalition with the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) until the 2013 general election.", "Q63922": "Vernier (French pronunciation: \u200b[v\u025b\u0281nje]) is a municipality in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. It is divided into different sections: Vernier Village, Le Lignon, A\u00efre, Les Avanchets, Cointrin and Ch\u00e2telaine.", "Q1738982": "Kenny Neal (born October 14, 1957 in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States), is an American blues guitar player, singer and band member. Neal's father is Raful Neal, and he comes from a musical family. He has often performed with his brothers in his band.", "Q14572": "Malters is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q352203": "Robert Patrick Gunton Jr. (born November 15, 1945) is an American actor of stage and screen. He is known for playing strict, authoritarian characters, including Warden Samuel Norton in the 1994 prison drama The Shawshank Redemption, Chief George Earle in 1993's Demolition Man, Dr. Walcott, the domineering dean of Virginia Medical School in Patch Adams, and Secretary of State Cyrus Vance in Argo. He also played Leland Owlsley in Daredevil TV series, Secretary of Defense Ethan Kanin in 24, and Noah Taylor in Desperate Housewives. \nIn addition to his film and television career, Gunton is a prolific theatre actor. He originated the role of Juan Per\u00f3n in the Broadway premiere of Evita and the titular character in the 1989 revival of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, roles for which he received two Tony Award nominations. He is the recipient of a Drama Desk Award, an Obie Award, and a Clarence Derwent Award.\n\n", "Q102498": "Gabriela K\u00f6nig (born 8 October 1952 in Osnabr\u00fcck) is a German politician for the Free Democratic Party.\nShe joined the Lower Saxon Landtag in 2005 as a replacement for Carsten Lehmann, and has been re-elected on one occasion.", "Q92065": "Ernst Elias Niebergall (January 1, 1815 - April 19, 1843) was a comedic German writer and playwright.", "Q230492": "The University of Michigan (UM, U-M, U of M, or UMich), often simply referred to as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The university is Michigan's oldest; it was founded in 1817 in Detroit, as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, 20 years before the territory became a state. The school was moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres (16 ha) of what is now known as Central Campus. Since its establishment in Ann Arbor, the flagship university campus has expanded to include more than 584 major buildings with a combined area of more than 34 million gross square feet (780 acres; 3.2 km2) spread out over a Central Campus and North Campus, two regional campuses in Flint and Dearborn, and a Center in Detroit. The university is a founding member of the Association of American Universities.\nConsidered one of the foremost research universities in the United States with annual research expenditures approaching $1.5 billion, Michigan is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity\". As of October 2019, 25 Nobel Prize winners, 6 Turing Award winners and 1 Fields Medalist have been affiliated with the University of Michigan. Its comprehensive graduate program offers doctoral degrees in the humanities, social sciences, and STEM fields (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) as well as professional degrees in architecture, business, medicine, law, pharmacy, nursing, social work, public health, and dentistry. Michigan's body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people, one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world.Michigan's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Wolverines. They are members of the Big Ten Conference. More than 250 Michigan athletes or coaches have participated in Olympic events, winning more than 150 medals.\n\n", "Q405672": "Bronis\u0142aw Zaleski (born 1819 or 1820 in Raczkiewicze, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire, now Belarus \u2013 died 2 January 1880 in Menton, France) was a Polish and Belarusian political activist, a writer and a publisher.", "Q674027": "Finn Aln\u00e6s (20 January 1932 \u2013 3 November 1991) was a Norwegian novelist. He was born in B\u00e6rum. He made his literary debut with the novel Koloss (1963).Aln\u00e6s was awarded the Norwegian Booksellers' Prize and the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature in 1968 for the novel Gemini. Both his books Koloss and Gemini were nominated for the Nordic Council's Literature Prize, but did not win the prize.", "Q7058609": "Vinohrady Cemetery (in Czech: Vinohradsk\u00fd h\u0159bitov) is a large cemetery in Vinohrady in Prague 10 which contains Stra\u0161nice Crematorium. It is the second largest cemetery in Prague and is registered in the state list of cultural monuments. The remains of two Czech presidents are in this cemetery.", "Q295984": "George Randolph Scott (January 23, 1898 \u2013 March 2, 1987) was an American film actor whose career spanned the years from 1928 to 1962. As a leading man for all but the first three years of his cinematic career, Scott appeared in a variety of genres, including social dramas, crime dramas, comedies, musicals (albeit in non-singing and non-dancing roles), adventure tales, war films, and a few horror and fantasy films. However, his most enduring image is that of the tall-in-the-saddle Western hero. Out of his more than 100 film appearances over 60 were in Westerns; thus, \"of all the major stars whose name was associated with the Western, Scott most closely identified with it.\"Scott's more than 30 years as a motion picture actor resulted in his working with many acclaimed screen directors, including Henry King, Rouben Mamoulian, Michael Curtiz, John Cromwell, King Vidor, Allan Dwan, Fritz Lang, Sam Peckinpah, Henry Hathaway (eight times), Ray Enright (seven), Edwin L. Marin (seven), Andre DeToth (six), and most notably, his seven film collaborations with Budd Boetticher. Scott also worked with a diverse array of cinematic leading ladies, from Shirley Temple and Irene Dunne to Mae West and Marlene Dietrich.\n\nTall (6 ft 2\u00bd in; 189 cm), lanky and handsome, Scott displayed an easygoing charm and courtly Southern drawl in his early films that helped offset his limitations as an actor, where he was frequently found to be stiff or \"lumbering\". As he matured, however, Scott's acting improved while his features became burnished and leathery, turning him into the ideal \"strong, silent\" type of stoic hero. The BFI Companion to the Western noted:In his earlier Westerns ... the Scott persona is debonair, easy-going, graceful, though with the necessary hint of steel. As he matures into his fifties his roles change. Increasingly Scott becomes the man who has seen it all, who has suffered pain, loss, and hardship, and who has now achieved (but at what cost?) a stoic calm proof against vicissitude.\nDuring the early 1950s, Scott was a consistent box-office draw. In the annual Motion Picture Herald Top Ten Polls, he ranked 10th in 1950, seventh in 1951, and 10th in both 1952 and 1953. Scott also appeared in the Quigley's Top Ten Money Makers Poll from 1950 to 1953.\n\n", "Q933749": "Mykola Kulish (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0413\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0456\u0448) (19 December 1892 \u2013 3 November 1937) was a Ukrainian prose writer, playwright, pedagogue, veteran of World War I, and Red Army veteran. He is considered to be one of the lead figures of Executed Renaissance.", "Q541742": "Christopher Loffredo Hayes (; born February 28, 1979) is an American progressive commentator, cable television news anchor, author, and podcaster. Hayes hosts All In with Chris Hayes, a weekday news and opinion television show on MSNBC. Hayes also hosts a weekly MSNBC podcast, Why Is This Happening? Hayes formerly hosted a weekend MSNBC show, Up with Chris Hayes. He is an editor-at-large of The Nation magazine.", "Q1167005": "Mauro Antonio Pawlowski (born 24 April 1971) is one of the key figures in the Belgian contemporary music scene. He was born in Koersel and is of Italian and Polish descent.\nHe started his career as frontman of Evil Superstars in 1992. This group was, along with dEUS, part of the first wave of the Belgian music boom in the 90s. He split the band in 1998 and has since then played in numerous bands, including Mitsoobishy Jacson, Kiss my Jazz, Monguito and Shadowgraphic City, The Love Substitutes, Othin Spake, Club Moral, Archetypes of the Multisabanas, I Hate Camera, Mauro Pawlowski & the Grooms, Hitsville Drunks, Stahlmus Delegation and dEUS. Beside these projects, Mauro has released solo work under various aliasses: Mauro A. Pawlowski, Somnabula, while fronting a group called Gruppo di Pawlowski (2007 to date).\n\nIn 2008 he toured with the Dutch poet/writer Ramsey Nasr. From 2009 on, he has toured several times as a guitar player with Contemporary dance group Ultima Vez of Wim Vandekeybus.\nMauro composed music for Theater Zuidpool's rendition of Shakespeare's MacBeth (2010). He performed live music for de Roovers Alsemkomt (2014), for the hommage to Frank Zappa 'Terms of Embarrassment' with Flat Earth Society and Pierre Vervloesem (2014) and with the jazz band Hamster Axis of the One-Click Panther (2015) with pianist Bram Weijters, Janos Bruneel, Frederik Meulyzer and the saxophonists Andrew Claes and Lander Van de Noortgate. He developed the performative play \"Transkamer\" (2015) and HOL (2017) with the artist group FERDDND (2015) and actor Louis Van Der Waal.\nPawlowski left dEUS after a final concert in Antwerp in February 2017. He is currently a member of the duo Wall Streets (2017) with Remo Perrotti and member of the combo The Mechanics (2016 to date) with Eric Thielemans, Rudy Trouv\u00e9 and Jean-Yves Evrard and Roman Hiele . He is fronting the Maurits Pauwels Band and presented his first album in Dutch : Afscheid in Kloten in 2016.", "Q191582": "The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442 \u042d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0412\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438, tr. Sov\u00e9t Ekonom\u00edcheskoy Vzaimop\u00f3moshchi, \u0421\u042d\u0412; English abbreviation COMECON, CMEA, CEMA, or CAME) was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc along with a number of socialist states elsewhere in the world.The descriptive term was often applied to all multilateral activities involving members of the organization, rather than being restricted to the direct functions of Comecon and its organs. This usage was sometimes extended as well to bilateral relations among members because in the system of Communist international economic relations, multilateral accords \u2013 typically of a general nature \u2013 tended to be implemented through a set of more detailed, bilateral agreements.Moscow was concerned about the Marshall Plan. Comecon was meant to prevent countries in the Soviet sphere of influence from moving towards that of the Americans and South-East Asia. Comecon was the Eastern Bloc's response to the formation in Western Europe of the Marshall Plan and the OEEC, which later became the OECD.\n\n", "Q16403": "And Now for Something Completely Different is a 1971 British sketch comedy film based on the television comedy series Monty Python's Flying Circus featuring sketches from the show's first two series. The title was taken from a catchphrase used in the television show.\nThe film, released on 28 September 1971 in the United Kingdom, consists of 90 minutes of sketches seen in the first two series of the television show. All of the sketches were recreated for the film without an audience, and were intended for an American audience which had not yet seen the series. The announcer (John Cleese) appears briefly between some sketches to deliver the line \"and now for something completely different\", in situations such as being roasted on a spit and lying on top of a desk in a small pink bikini.\n\n", "Q866012": "The University of Queensland (UQ) is a public research university located primarily in Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland. Founded in 1909 by the state parliament, UQ is classed as one of the sandstone universities, an informal designation of the oldest university in each state. UQ is one of Australasia's leading universities and is ranked as one of the most reputable in the world. The University of Queensland is a founding member of edX, Australia's research-intensive Group of Eight, the international research network McDonnell International Scholars Academy, and the global Universitas 21 network.The main St Lucia campus occupies much of the riverside inner suburb of St Lucia, southwest of the Brisbane central business district. Other UQ campuses and facilities are located throughout Queensland, the largest of which are the Gatton campus and the Mayne Medical School. UQ's overseas establishments include UQ North America office in Washington D.C., and the UQ-Ochsner Clinical School in Louisiana, United States.\nThe university offers associate, bachelor, master, doctoral, and higher doctorate degrees through a college, a graduate school, and six faculties. UQ incorporates over one hundred research institutes and centres, such as the Boeing Research and Technology Australia Centre, the Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and the UQ Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation. Recent research achievements of the university include pioneering the invention of the HPV vaccine that prevents cervical cancer and the development of high-performance superconducting MRI magnets for portable scanning of human limbs.In Australia, UQ is ranked first for business administration, veterinary medicine and life sciences. UQ's mining engineering is ranked fifth and sport science is ranked second in the world. UQ counts two Nobel laureates (Peter C. Doherty and John Harsanyi) and about a hundred Rhodes Scholars among its alumni and staff. UQ's alumni also include the President of the University of California San Francisco Sam Hawgood, the first female Governor-General of Australia Dame Quentin Bryce, President of King's College London Ed Byrne, Oscar and Emmy awards winner Geoffrey Rush, triple Grammy Award winner Tim Munro, former Chief Justices of Australia, and the former CEO and Chairman of Dow Chemical and current Director of DowDuPont Andrew N. Liveris.", "Q61853": "Josef Peters (September 16, 1914 \u2013 April 24, 2001) was a racing driver from D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on August 3, 1952. He failed to finish, scoring no championship points.", "Q238970": "Banana Yoshimoto (\u5409\u672c \u3070\u306a\u306a, Yoshimoto Banana) (born 24 July 1964) is the pen name of Japanese writer Mahoko Yoshimoto (\u5409\u672c \u771f\u79c0\u5b50, Yoshimoto Mahoko). From 2002 to 2015, she wrote her name in hiragana (\u3088\u3057\u3082\u3068 \u3070\u306a\u306a).", "Q206646": "Dr. Frederick Britton Llewellyn (September 16, 1897 - December 10, 1971) was a noted American electrical engineer.\nLlewellyn was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He took a course at the Marconi School for Wireless Operators in 1915, spent some three years in the merchant marine, and almost a year in the Navy in 1917-18. He then studied under Professor Alan Hazeltine at Stevens Institute of Technology, receiving his M.E. degree in 1922. After a year as laboratory assistant to Dr. F. K. Vreeland, he joined Western Electric in 1923, transferring in 1925 to Bell Telephone Laboratories, where he worked on the long-wave transatlantic telephone based in Rocky Point, New York. From 1924-28 he studied at Columbia University, receiving his Ph.D in 1928.\nLlewellyn helped develop the first public ship-to-shore telephone service, inaugurated in 1929 on the SS Leviathan. In the 1930s he studied noise in vacuum tubes and constant-frequency oscillators, and researched the behavior of vacuum tubes at very high frequencies. During World War II, he served as a consultant to the Office of Secretary of War. He and Edwin H. Armstrong designed a sensitive receiver used to detect a radar signal reflected from the moon (Project Diana).\nAfter the war, he served as a consulting engineer, primarily on military electronics systems, assistant to the President of Bell Telephone Laboratories 1956-61, affiliate of the Institute of Science and Technology at the University of Michigan 1961-1965, and research director of the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn 1965 until retirement in 1967.\nLlewellyn was president of the Institute of Radio Engineers in 1946, and awarded the 1936 IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award for his results on high-frequency electronics and constant-frequency oscillators.\n\n", "Q40645": "Ludwig Berger (born Ludwig Bamberger; 6 January 1892 \u2013 18 May 1969) was a German-Jewish film director, screenwriter and cinematographer. He directed 36 films between 1920 and 1969. Berger began working in the German film industry during the Weimar Republic. At Decla-Bioscop and later UFA he established a reputation as a leading director of silent films. He emigrated to Hollywood, but was unable to establish himself and returned to Europe. He subsequently worked both in France and Germany. He was a member of the jury at the 6th Berlin International Film Festival.Berger also translated a few plays of Shakespeare, including Cymbeline, Hamlet, and Timon of Athens.His elder brother was the set designer Rudolf Bamberger who was killed in 1945.", "Q133123": "Patras (Greek: \u03a0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1, romanized: P\u00e1tra, IPA: [\u02c8pat\u027ea]; Katharevousa and Ancient Greek: \u03a0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9, romanized: P\u00e1trai, Ancient Greek: [p\u00e1trai\u032f], Katharevousa: [\u02c8pat\u027ee\u031e]; Latin: Patrae, [\u02c8patrae\u032f]) is Greece's third-largest city and the regional capital of Western Greece, in the northern Peloponnese, 215 km (134 mi) west of Athens. The city is built at the foot of Mount Panachaikon, overlooking the Gulf of Patras.\nAccording to the results of the 2011 census, Patras had a population of 168,034, while the municipality had 205,445 inhabitants. The core settlement has a history spanning four millennia. In the Roman period, it had become a cosmopolitan center of the eastern Mediterranean whilst, according to the Christian tradition, it was also the place of Saint Andrew's martyrdom.\nDubbed as Greece's Gate to the West, Patras is a commercial hub, while its busy port is a nodal point for trade and communication with Italy and the rest of Western Europe. The city has two public universities and one technological institute, hosting a large student population and rendering Patras an important scientific centre with a field of excellence in technological education. The Rio-Antirio Bridge connects Patras' easternmost suburb of Rio to the town of Antirrio, connecting the Peloponnese peninsula with mainland Greece.\nEvery year, in February, the city hosts one of Europe's largest carnivals. Notable features of the Patras Carnival include its mammoth satirical floats and balls and parades, enjoyed by hundreds of thousands of visitors in a Mediterranean climate. Patras is also famous for supporting an indigenous cultural scene active mainly in the performing arts and modern urban literature. It was European Capital of Culture in 2006.", "Q163714": "Adam Michnik (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8adam \u02c8mix\u0272ik]; born 17 October 1946) is a Polish historian, essayist, former dissident, public intellectual, and editor-in-chief of the Polish newspaper, Gazeta Wyborcza.\nReared in a family of committed communists, Michnik became an opponent of Poland's communist regime at the time of the party's anti-Jewish purges. He was imprisoned after the 1968 March Events and again after the imposition of martial law in 1981.\nMichnik played a crucial role during the Polish Round Table Talks, as a result of which the communists agreed to call elections in 1989, which were won by Solidarity. Though he has withdrawn from active politics, he has \"maintained an influential voice through journalism\". He has received many awards and honors, including the Legion of Honour and European of the Year. He is also one of the 25 leading figures on the Information and Democracy Commission launched by Reporters Without Borders.", "Q465838": "Nicomedes II Epiphanes (Greek: \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u1f18\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2) was the king of Bithynia from 149 to c. 127 BC. He was fourth in descent from Nicomedes I. Nicomedes II was the son and successor of Prusias II and Apame IV. His parents were related as they were maternal cousins.", "Q59314": "Gloria Grahame Hallward (November 28, 1923 \u2013 October 5, 1981), known professionally as Gloria Grahame, was an American stage, film, and television actress and singer. She began her acting career in theatre and in 1944 made her first film for MGM. Despite a featured role in It's a Wonderful Life (1946), MGM did not believe she had the potential for major success, and sold her contract to RKO Studios. Often cast in film noir projects, Grahame was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Crossfire (1947), and later won the award for her work in The Bad and the Beautiful (1952). She achieved her highest profile with Sudden Fear (1952), The Big Heat (1953), Human Desire (1954), and Oklahoma! (1955), but her film career began to wane soon afterwards.\nGrahame returned to work on the stage, but continued to appear in films and television productions, usually in supporting roles. In 1974, she was diagnosed with breast cancer. It went into remission less than a year later and Grahame returned to work. In 1980, the cancer returned, but Grahame refused to accept the diagnosis or seek treatment. Choosing instead to continue working, she traveled to Britain to appear in a play. Her health, however, declined rapidly and she developed peritonitis after undergoing a procedure to remove fluid from her abdomen in September 1981. She returned to New York City, where she died in October 1981.", "Q489890": "Kokand (Uzbek: Qo\u2018qon, \u049a\u045e\u049b\u043e\u043d, \u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646; Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434; Persian: \u062e\u0648\u0642\u0646\u062f\u200e, romanized: Xuqand; Chagatai: \u062e\u0648\u0642\u0646\u062f, Xuqand; Tajik: \u0425\u04ef\u049b\u0430\u043d\u0434, romanized: X\u00f6kand) is a city in Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southwestern edge of the Fergana Valley. The population of Kokand on April 24, 2014 was approximately 187,477. The city lies 228 km (142 mi) southeast of Tashkent, 115 km (71 mi) west of Andijan, and 88 km (55 mi) west of Fergana. It is nicknamed \"City of Winds\", or sometimes \"Town of the Boar\". Kokand's name derives from the well-known tribal family group of \"Kokan\" who belong to the Kongrat tribe of Uzbeks.Kokand is at the crossroads of the two main ancient trade routes into the Fergana Valley, one leading northwest over the mountains to Tashkent, and the other west through Khujand. As a result, Kokand is the main transportation junction in the Fergana Valley.", "Q105491": "Hans Reiser (born 3 June 1919 in Munich; d. 10 June 1992 in Munich) was a German film and television actor. He starred as Joseph Schmidt in the 1958 biopic A Song Goes Round the World and also featured in The Great Escape in 1963.", "Q249151": "The Tournament is a 2009 British independent action thriller film, marking the directorial debut of Scott Mann. The film was conceived by Jonathan Frank and Nick Rowntree while at the University of Teesside with Mann. The script was written by Gary Young, Jonathan Frank, and Nick Rowntree.\nThe Tournament was partially filmed in Bulgaria, and numerous locations around Northern England (where the film is set) and Merseyside. The film stars Robert Carlyle, Ving Rhames, Kelly Hu, S\u00e9bastien Foucan, Liam Cunningham, Scott Adkins, Camilla Power and Ian Somerhalder. The film received additional funding internationally, from Sherezade Film Development, Storitel Production and others, earning the film a budget of just under \u00a34,000,000, and the film also features a renowned international ensemble cast.\nHowever, numerous problems involving production, finance (the budget ran out twice), and securing a distributor, meant the film was not released until two years after filming, in late 2009.\n\n", "Q569970": "Anson Funderburgh (born James Anson Funderburgh; November 14, 1954) is an American blues guitar player and bandleader of Anson Funderburgh and the Rockets since 1978. Their style incorporates both Chicago blues and Texas blues.", "Q71498": "Fritz Suhren (10 June 1908 \u2013 12 June 1950) was a German SS officer and Nazi concentration camp commandant.", "Q345019": "Jerry O'Neil Lawler (born November 29, 1949), better known as Jerry \"The King \" Lawler, is an American color commentator and semi retired professional wrestler. Lawler is currently signed to WWE as a commentator for Monday Night Raw.\nPrior to joining WWE in 1992 (then known as the World Wrestling Federation), he wrestled in numerous territories, winning numerous championships, including many world championships, throughout his career. Lawler is a one-time AWA World Heavyweight Champion and a three-time WCWA World Heavyweight Champion. He unified the titles by defeating Kerry Von Erich at Superclash III, forming the USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship, a championship which he held 28 times. Lawler has held more recognized championships than any professional wrestler in history, though he has never won any championships in WWE having wrestled sporadically whilst primarily providing color commentary, since joining the company. In 2007, Lawler was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame.", "Q167572": "Mary Carey (born June 15, 1980) is an American former adult film actress, Playboy model, radio host and film director known for her appearance on the VH1 reality TV series Celebrity Rehab and Sober House", "Q317039": "John von Collas born Jean de Collas (11 November 1678 \u2013 16 June 1753) was a late Baroque architect of the 18th century.", "Q12665": "Lieutenant General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, ( BAY-d\u0259n POH-\u0259l; 22 February 1857 \u2013 8 January 1941), was a British Army officer, writer, founder and first Chief Scout of the world-wide Scout Movement, and founder, with his sister Agnes, of the world-wide Girl Guide / Girl Scout Movement. Baden-Powell authored the first editions of the seminal work Scouting for Boys, which was an inspiration for the Scout Movement.Educated at Charterhouse in Surrey, Baden-Powell served in the British Army from 1876 until 1910 in India and Africa. In 1899, during the Second Boer War in South Africa, Baden-Powell successfully defended the town in the Siege of Mafeking. Several of his military books, written for military reconnaissance and scout training in his African years, were also read by boys. In 1907, he held a demonstration camp, the Brownsea Island Scout camp, which is now seen as the beginning of Scouting. Based on his earlier books, particularly Aids to Scouting, he wrote Scouting for Boys, published in 1908 by Sir Arthur Pearson, for boy readership. In 1910 Baden-Powell retired from the army and formed The Scout Association.\nThe first Scout Rally was held at The Crystal Palace in 1909. Girls in Scout uniform attended, telling Baden-Powell that they were the \"Girl Scouts\". In 1910, Baden-Powell and his sister Agnes Baden-Powell started the Girl Guide and Girl Scout. In 1912 he married Olave St Clair Soames. He gave guidance to the Scout and Girl Guide movements until retiring in 1937. Baden-Powell lived his last years in Nyeri, Kenya, where he died and was buried in 1941. His grave is a national monument.", "Q862274": "Bill Mack (born June 4, 1932 in Shamrock, Texas) is an American country music singer, songwriter, and radio host.\nFor many years, Mack was best known as the host of The Country Roads Show, (later U.S. 1 Trucking Show, and later still, Midnight Cowboy Trucking Show) the overnight country music show on WBAP, a clear channel station in Fort Worth. Mack's show catered primarily to truck drivers who traveled during the late-night hours. Its opening theme music was an instrumental rendition of Orange Blossom Special, performed by Felix Slatkin and his orchestra.\nBecause of WBAP's clear channel signal range via skywave at night, Mack's show was heard over most of the continental United States. Mack began his show in 1969. He briefly took his show to Mexican \"border blaster\" station XERF, but returned to WBAP when an agreement for Mack to do his show from his Fort Worth home fell through.\nIn addition, Mack hosts the syndicated radio show Country Crossroads, heard on more than 800 stations across the country, and a similar cable television show on FamilyNet. He also hosts the Overdrive Top Ten Countdown, a weekly one-hour country music countdown geared toward truckers, in syndication.Mack left WBAP to join XM Satellite Radio on its Open Road channel (XM 171). Two of the other main personalities on Open Road, Dave Nemo and Dale \"The Truckin' Bozo\" Sommers, were Mack's primary competitors before all three left their AM radio stations to join XM. Mack's radio program was heard weekdays on XM channel 13 from 12 Noon to 3 PM Eastern, and rebroadcast from Midnight to 3 AM Eastern.\nOn April 29, 2011, Mack announced that Sirius/XM had terminated his contract to make room for a merger of two of the channels The Roadhouse and Willie's Place into one channel and that this was his final show.\nMack was succeeded on his WBAP show by Eric Harley, and the show has since been renamed the Midnight Radio Network.\nIn the country music industry, Mack is also a songwriter. His best-known song is \"Blue,\" one of LeAnn Rimes' biggest hits. The song won Mack the Grammy Award for Best Country Song in 1997. Mack also wrote \"Drinkin' Champagne,\" which has been recorded by numerous artists. The song was a hit for Cal Smith in 1968, and again for George Strait 1990 on his album Livin' It Up. Some of his other songs have been recorded by Dean Martin, Ray Price, Jerry Lee Lewis and George Jones.\nIn 2000, Mack won the media category award given by the Grand Ole Opry. He was named to the Texas Country Music Hall of Fame in 1999, and the Country Music DJ and Radio Hall of Fame in 1982.\nBill Mack and his wife, Cynthia \"Sweet Cindy\" make their home in Fort Worth, Texas. They have three children from their marriage, Misty Dawn, Billy Mack III, and Sunday Renee. They have several grandchildren. Bill Mack has a daughter named Debbie from a previous marriage.\nBill Mack Smith III (\"Billy\") has followed in his dad's footsteps and has his own radio show with 92.1 Hank FM in Fort Worth, TX.", "Q609782": "Mindless Self Indulgence (often shortened to MSI) is an American electropunk band formed in New York City in 1997. Their music has a mixed style which includes punk rock, alternative rock, electronica, techno, industrial, hip hop and breakbeat hardcore.", "Q202420": "Cesare Lombroso (, also US: , Italian: [\u02c8t\u0283e\u02d0zare lom\u02c8bro\u02d0zo, \u02c8t\u0283\u025b\u02d0-, -o\u02d0so]; born Ezechia Marco Lombroso; 6 November 1835 \u2013 19 October 1909), was an Italian criminologist, physician, and founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology. Lombroso rejected the established classical school, which held that crime was a characteristic trait of human nature. Instead, using concepts drawn from physiognomy, degeneration theory, psychiatry and Social Darwinism, Lombroso's theory of anthropological criminology essentially stated that criminality was inherited, and that someone \"born criminal\" could be identified by physical (congenital) defects, which confirmed a criminal as savage or atavistic.", "Q3200887": "Kyaswa of Sagaing (Burmese: \u1000\u103b\u1005\u103d\u102c, pronounced [t\u0255a\u0330zw\u00e0]; also known as Kyawswa; 1323\u20131349) was king of Sagaing from 1339 to 1349. The eldest son of the founder of the kingdom Saw Yun (r. 1315\u221227) was placed on the throne by Chief Minister Nanda Pakyan who ran the country.", "Q5326502": "Earlham College is a private liberal arts college in Richmond, Indiana. The college was established in 1847 by the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) and has a strong focus on Quaker values such as integrity, a commitment to peace and social justice, mutual respect, and community decision-making. It is primarily a residential undergraduate college but it offers a Master of Arts in Teaching and has an affiliated graduate seminary, the Earlham School of Religion, which offers three master's degrees: a Master of Divinity, Master of Ministry, and Master of Arts in Religion.", "Q75826": "Lucius Sergius Catilina, known in English as Catiline (; 108\u201362 BC), was a Roman patrician, soldier and senator of the 1st century BC best known for the second Catilinarian conspiracy, an attempt to overthrow the Roman Republic and, in particular, the power of the aristocratic Senate. He is also known for several acquittals in court, including one for the charge of adultery with a Vestal Virgin.", "Q682969": "The Institutional Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Institucional, PRI) is a Mexican political party founded in 1929 that held uninterrupted power in the country for 71 years from 1929 to 2000, first as the National Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Nacional Revolucionario, PNR), then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution (Spanish: Partido de la Revoluci\u00f3n Mexicana, PRM) and finally as the PRI beginning in 1946.\nThe PNR was founded in 1929 by Plutarco El\u00edas Calles, Mexico's paramount leader at the time and self-proclaimed Jefe M\u00e1ximo (Supreme Chief) of the Mexican Revolution. The party was created with the intent of providing a political space in which all the surviving leaders and combatants of the Mexican Revolution could participate and to solve the grave political crisis caused by the assassination of President-elect \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n in 1928. Although Calles himself fell into political disgrace and was exiled in 1936, the party continued ruling Mexico until 2000, changing names twice until it became the PRI. \nThe PRI mantained absolute power over the country for most of the twentieth century: besides holding the Presidency of the Republic, until 1976 all members of the Senate belonged to the PRI, while all of the State Governors were also from the PRI until 1989. Throughout the seven decades that the PRI governed Mexico, the party used a combination of corporatism, co-option and (at many times, violent) repression to hold power, while usually resorting to electoral fraud when these measures were not enough. In particular, the presidential elections of 1940, 1952 and 1988 were characterized by massive irregularities and fraudulent practices denounced by both domestic and international observers. While during the early decades of PRI rule Mexico benefited from an economic boom which improved the quality of life of most people and guaranteed political and social stability, issues such as inequality, corruption and the lack of democracy and political freedoms cultivated growing resentment against the PRI, culminating in the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre in which the Army killed hundreds of unarmed student demonstrators. In addition, a series of economic crises beginning in the 70s drastically lowered the living standards of the population.\nThroughout its nine-decade existence, the party has adopted a very wide array of ideologies (often determined by the President of the Republic in turn). In the 1980s, the party went through reforms that shaped its current incarnation, with policies characterized as centre-right such as the privatization of state-run companies, closer relations with the Catholic Church and embracing free-market capitalism. At the same time, the left-wing members of the party abandoned the party and founded the Party of the Democratic Revolution (Partido de la Revoluci\u00f3n Democr\u00e1tica, PRD) in 1989. \nIn 1990, Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa famously described Mexico under the PRI regime as being \"the perfect dictatorship\", stating: \"I don't believe that there has been in Latin America any case of a system of dictatorship which has so efficiently recruited the intellectual milieu, bribing it with great subtlety. The perfect dictatorship is not communism, nor the USSR, nor Fidel Castro; the perfect dictatorship is Mexico. Because it is a camouflaged dictatorship.\" The phrase became popular in Mexico and internationally, until the PRI fell from power in 2000.\nAfter losing the Presidency in the 2000 elections, the PRI held most of the state governments and had strong performances at the local levels; nonetheless, in the 2006 Presidential elections the PRI's performance was the worst of its history up to that point, with its candidate Roberto Madrazo finishing in third place and having failed to carry a single state. In spite of this defeat, the PRI continued to perform strongly at Municipal and State levels. The party benefited from both the growing unpopularity of Felipe Calder\u00f3n's administration as President due to the notorious increase in the homicide rate as result of his war on drugs, as well as internal conflicts in the left-wing Partido de la Revolucion Democratica (PRD) that deteriorated its image. As result, the PRI won the 2009 legislative election, and in 2012 it regained the Presidency after winning the elections of that year with Enrique Pe\u00f1a Nieto as candidate. However, massive dissatisfaction with Pe\u00f1a Nieto's administration as result of numerous corruption scandals and the government's inability to curb the crime rate led to the PRI losing the Presidency once more in the 2018 elections (the PRI candidate in these elections was Jos\u00e9 Antonio Meade), with a performance even worse than that of 2006.", "Q573928": "Szmul Zygielbojm (Polish: [\u02c8\u0282mul z\u0268\u02c8\u0261\u02b2\u025blb\u0254jm]; Yiddish: \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05d6\u05d9\u05d2\u05dc\u05d1\u05d5\u05d9\u05dd\u200e; (1895-02-21)21 February 1895, Poland \u2013 (1943-05-11)11 May 1943, London) was a Polish Jewish socialist politician, Bundist trade union activist, and a member of the National Council of the Polish government-in-exile.\nZygielbojm was born in 1895 to a working-class family and had to leave school at the age of ten. In his early twenties, he became involved in Bundist trade union activism. In 1924, he was elected to Bundist Central Committee. He edited a Bundist newspaper and was elected to \u0141\u00f3d\u017a city council in 1938. Upon the Nazi Germany invasion of Poland he fled to Warsaw and was made briefly a member of the Judenrat.\nHe fled to the Netherlands and then England, where he was appointed to the National Committee of the Polish government-in-exile. He interviewed Jan Karski and tried to publicize the news of the mass murder of Jews in Nazi-Germany occupied Poland. After the Warsaw Ghetto uprising was brutally crushed by and Warsaw's remaining Jews murdered by units of SS-Brigadef\u00fchrer J\u00fcrgen Stroop, he committed suicide to protest the Western indifference and inaction of the Allies.", "Q316327": "Jos\u00e9 Maria de E\u00e7a de Queir\u00f3s (European Portuguese: [\u0292u\u02c8z\u025b m\u0250\u02c8\u027ei\u0250 d\u0268 \u02c8\u025bs\u0250 d\u0268 kej\u02c8\u027e\u0254\u0283]; 25 November 1845 \u2013 16 August 1900) is generally considered to have been the greatest Portuguese writer in the realist style. Zola considered him to be far greater than Flaubert. In the London Observer, Jonathan Keates ranked him alongside Dickens, Balzac and Tolstoy. During his lifetime the spelling was E\u00e7a de Queiroz, and this is the form that appears on many editions of his works; the modern standard Portuguese spelling is \"E\u00e7a de Queir\u00f3s\".", "Q264969": "Georgia Elizabeth Tennant (n\u00e9e Moffett; born 25 December 1984) is an English actress. She played Detective Inspector Samantha Nixon's daughter Abigail in The Bill. She played The Doctor's daughter Jenny in the Doctor Who episode \"The Doctor's Daughter\" and Lady Vivian in the show Merlin.", "Q724610": "Marcin \u015awietlicki (born 24 December 1961) is a Polish poet, writer, and musician. He lives and works in Krak\u00f3w, Poland.\n\u015awietlicki was born in Piaski, near Lublin, Poland. He studied Polish Literature at the Jagiellonian University in Krak\u00f3w, where he has been living since 1980. He worked as an editor at the Tygodnik Powszechny weekly until 2004. Beside his extensive publications and readings as a poet, he also performs as an actor, and heads the band \u015awietliki (Fireflies). \u015awietlicki has won various prizes and awards for his poetry, including the 1996 Ko\u015bcielski Award.", "Q213539": "Karl Wilhelm Julius Hugo Riemann (18 July 1849 \u2013 10 July 1919) was a German music theorist and composer.", "Q320681": "Philip Farkas (March 5, 1914 \u2013 December 21, 1992) was the principal French horn player in the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for many years; he left in 1960 to join the music faculty at Indiana University Bloomington. He wrote The Art of French Horn Playing which is considered by many to be the seminal work for horn players. Other books that he wrote include The Art of Brass Playing, The Art of Musicianship, and A Photo Study of 40 Virtuoso Horn Players' Embouchures. Nancy Jordan Fako has also written a biography about his life: Philip Farkas and His Horn - A Happy, Worthwhile Life. Later in his life he helped design the Holton Farkas horn.", "Q52255": "Emma Donoghue (born 24 October 1969) is an Irish-Canadian playwright, literary historian, novelist, and screenwriter. Her 2010 novel Room was a finalist for the Man Booker Prize and an international best-seller. Donoghue's 1995 novel Hood won the Stonewall Book Award. and Slammerkin (2000) won the Ferro-Grumley Award for Lesbian Fiction. She is a 2011 recipient of the Alex Awards. Room was adapted by Donoghue into a film of the same name. For this, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.", "Q7225114": "Political satire is satire that specializes in gaining entertainment from politics; it has also been used with subversive intent where political speech and dissent are forbidden by a regime, as a method of advancing political arguments where such arguments are expressly forbidden.\nPolitical satire is usually distinguished from political protest or political dissent, as it does not necessarily carry an agenda nor seek to influence the political process. While occasionally it may, it more commonly aims simply to provide entertainment. By its very nature, it rarely offers a constructive view in itself; when it is used as part of protest or dissent, it tends to simply establish the error of matters rather than provide solutions.", "Q88997": "Ferdy Mayne (born Ferdinand Philip Mayer-Horckel; 11 March 1916 \u2013 30 January 1998) was a German-British stage and screen actor. Born in Mainz, he emigrated to the United Kingdom in the early 1930s to escape the Nazi regime. He resided in the UK for the majority of his professional career. He was best known as a character actor, often portraying aristocratic villains and eccentrics in films like The Fearless Vampire Killers, Where Eagles Dare, Barry Lyndon, and Benefit of the Doubt.", "Q1175373": "David Mervyn Blow (27 June 1931 \u2013 8 June 2004) was an influential British biophysicist. He was best known for the development of X-ray crystallography, a technique used to determine the molecular structures of tens of thousands of biological molecules. This has been extremely important to the pharmaceutical industry.", "Q183192": "Max Heindel (born Carl Louis von Grasshoff, July 23, 1865 \u2013 January 6, 1919) was a Danish-American Christian occultist, astrologer, and mystic.", "Q441742": "Mavis Staples (born July 10, 1939) is an American rhythm and blues and gospel singer, actress, and civil rights activist. She has recorded and performed with her family's band The Staple Singers and also as a solo artist.\nStaples was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999 and the Blues Hall of Fame in 2017.", "Q290156": "Christine Elizabeth Woods (born September 3, 1983) is an American actress who notably appeared in the HBO series Hello Ladies. She previously portrayed FBI Special Agent Janis Hawk in the ABC series FlashForward.", "Q44437": "John Felix Anthony Cena Jr. (; born April 23, 1977) is an American professional wrestler, actor, rapper, and television presenter. He is currently signed to WWE on a part-time deal. He is also the current host of Are You Smarter Than a Fifth Grader? on Nickelodeon, and has starred in various films.\nBorn and raised in West Newbury, Massachusetts, Cena moved to California in 1998 to pursue a career as a bodybuilder. He transitioned into professional wrestling in 1999 when he debuted for Ultimate Pro Wrestling (UPW) and signed with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) in 2000, where he was initially assigned to Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW). He gained fame in WWE after adopting the persona of a trash-talking rapper and won his first singles title, the United States Championship, in 2004. The next year, he won the WWE Championship for the first time, and his character subsequently transitioned into a clean-cut \"Superman-like\" hero. He would go on to lead the company as its franchise player and public face for the next decade.Cena is a five-time United States Champion, four-time world tag team champion, and 16-time world champion; the latter sees him tied with Ric Flair for the most world championship reigns in WWE history. Of his 16 world championship reigns, 13 of them are with the WWE Championship, which is the current record for that specific title. He is also a two-time Royal Rumble winner and one-time Money in the Bank ladder match winner, and has headlined several major WWE pay-per-view events, including headlining the company's flagship event of WrestleMania five times. Considered to be one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time by his peers and noted for his strong work ethic, Cena was nevertheless met with varied critical and fan reception during the bulk of his career, with praise being offered for his character work and promo skills but criticism aimed at his supposed over-representation and limited in-ring move set. He is thus regarded as one of the most polarizing professional wrestlers of all time.Cena has starred in films such as The Marine (2006), 12 Rounds (2009), Trainwreck (2015), Ferdinand (2017), Bumblebee (2018), and F9 (2021). He also released a rap album called You Can't See Me (2005), which went platinum. Outside of his work in entertainment, he is known for his involvement in numerous charitable causes such as the Make-A-Wish Foundation, where he has granted the most wishes in history at over 600.", "Q1701871": "John Thomas \"Jack\" Connor (November 3, 1914 \u2013 October 6, 2000) was an American government official and businessman. He served as the United States Secretary of Commerce from January 18, 1965 to January 31, 1967.\n\n", "Q696908": "The Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Kr\u00f3lestwo Polskie), also known informally as the Regency Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Kr\u00f3lestwo Regencyjne), was a proposed puppet state of the German Empire during World War I. The decision to propose the restoration of Poland after a century of partitions was taken up by the German policymakers in an attempt to legitimize further imperial omnipresence in the occupied territories. The plan was followed by the German propaganda pamphlet campaign delivered to the Poles in 1915, claiming that the German soldiers were arriving as liberators to free Poland from subjugation by Russia.A draft constitution was proposed in 1917. The German government used punitive threats to force Polish landowners living in the German-occupied Baltic states to relocate and sell their Baltic property to the Germans in exchange for the entry to Poland. Parallel efforts were made to remove Poles from Polish territories of the Prussian Partition.Following the Armistice of 11 November 1918 signed by the Allies with imperial Germany, which ended World War I, the area became part of the nascent Second Polish Republic.", "Q3100195": "The New York University School of Medicine is the medical school of New York University. Founded in 1841 as the University Medical College, the NYU School of Medicine is one of the foremost medical schools in the United States, ranking 4th in research according to U.S. News & World Report. As of 2017, it is one of the most selective medical schools in the United States, with an acceptance rate of 1.6%. In 2014, New York University School of Medicine attracted over $304.5 million in external research funding from the National Institutes of Health.\nThe School of Medicine is part of NYU Langone Medical Center, named after Kenneth Langone, the investment banker and financial backer of The Home Depot. It is located at 550 First Avenue in New York City. The School of Medicine has 1,177 full-time faculty and 3,091 part-time faculty. Additionally, there are 104 endowed professorships, 1,078 residents/fellows, 68 M.D./Ph.D. candidates and 400 postdoctoral fellows as of 2011. The NYU Medical Center is home to the School of Medicine, the Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, and the Charles C. Harris Skin & Cancer Pavilion.\nIn 2016-17, NYU Langone Medical Center was also recognized on the U.S. News & World Report \"Best Hospitals Honor Roll,\" ranking 10th among the top hospitals in the nation with 13 nationally ranked specialties including cancer, cardiology & heart surgery, neurology & neurosurgery, orthopedics, diabetes & endocrinology, nephrology, geriatrics, gastroenterology, ear, nose & throat, rehabilitation, pulmonology, rheumatology, and urology. Graduates of New York University School of Medicine are accepted into competitive residency programs and leading medical centers.\nIn August 2018, the School of Medicine announced it would be offering full-tuition scholarships to all current and future students in its MD degree program regardless of need or merit.", "Q498989": "Andreas Krause Landt (born 1963), also known as Andreas Lombard, is a German journalist and publisher of Jewish ancestry, and the author of popular history books.", "Q219772": "Polly Jean Harvey (born 9 October 1969) is an English musician and singer-songwriter. Primarily known as a vocalist and guitarist, she is also proficient with a wide range of instruments.Harvey began her career in 1988 when she joined local band Automatic Dlamini as a vocalist, guitarist and saxophone player. The band's frontman, John Parish, would become her long-term collaborator. In 1991, she formed an eponymous trio and subsequently began her professional career. The trio released two studio albums, Dry (1992) and Rid of Me (1993) before disbanding, after which Harvey continued as a solo artist. Since 1995, she has released a further nine studio albums with collaborations from various musicians including John Parish, former bandmate Rob Ellis, Mick Harvey and Eric Drew Feldman and has also worked extensively with record producer Flood.\nAmong the accolades she has received are the 2001 and 2011 Mercury Prize for Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea (2000) and Let England Shake (2011), respectively\u2014the only artist to have been awarded the prize twice\u2014eight Brit Award nominations, seven Grammy Award nominations and two further Mercury Prize nominations. Rolling Stone awarded her 1992's Best New Artist and Best Singer Songwriter and 1995's Artist of the Year, and listed Rid of Me, To Bring You My Love (1995) and Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea on its 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. In 2011, she was awarded for Outstanding Contribution To Music at the NME Awards. In June 2013, she was awarded an MBE for services to music.", "Q175162": "John Haggitt Charles Patten, Baron Patten, PC (born 17 July 1945) is a former Conservative Member of Parliament for Oxford West and Abingdon.", "Q3090592": "Andrew Donald Booth (11 February 1918 \u2013 29 November 2009) was a British electrical engineer, physicist and computer scientist who was an early developer of the magnetic drum memory for computers and invented Booth's multiplication algorithm.Booth was raised in Weybridge, Surrey, and educated at the Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School. In 1937, he won a scholarship to read mathematics at Jesus College, Cambridge. Booth left Cambridge without taking a degree, having become disaffected with pure mathematics as a subject. He chose an external degree from the University of London instead, which he obtained with a first.From 1943 to 1945, Booth worked as a mathematical physicist in the X-ray team at the British Rubber Producers' Research Association (BRPRA), Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, gaining his PhD in crystallography from the University of Birmingham in 1944. In 1945, he moved to Birkbeck College, University of London, where his work in the crystallography group led him to build some of the first electronic computers in the United Kingdom including the All Purpose Electronic Computer, first installed at the British Rayon Research Association. Booth founded Birkbeck's department of numerical automation and was recently named a fellow at the university. He also did early pioneering work in machine translation.Booth married mathematician and computer engineer Kathleen H. V. Britten; during 1947\u20131953 they produced three computing machines together.\nBooth served as President of Lakehead University from 1972\u20131978.", "Q292741": "Jang Ja-yeon (Korean: \uc7a5\uc790\uc5f0; 25 January 1980 \u2013 7 March 2009) was a South Korean actress. She was born in Jeongeup, North Jeolla Province, South Korea. She debuted in the entertainment industry when she appeared in a television commercial in 2006. She was known for being part of the KBS television drama series Boys Over Flowers as Sunny, one of the antagonists of the series.\nAt the time of her death at the age of 29, Jang had been starring in Boys Over Flowers. She had been suffering from depression, and it was revealed in 2019 that the initial investigation into her death in 2009 was corrupted and false. The 2009 investigation concluded that her death was a suicide at first, and was reopened in 2018. Her death caused a national scandal in 2009 when it was widely spread by the media that she had been sexually and physically abused by a number of prominent entertainment executives during her career, most importantly the CEO of Jang's former talent agency, The Contents Entertainment, Kim Sung-hoon. After three witness testified against the CEO, Kim was found guilty of abuse by the Korean courts, specifically of forcing girls from his agency to come to his birthday party where he forced them to entertain the executives.", "Q381729": "Lu\u00eds Ant\u00f4nio Corr\u00eaa da Costa, nicknamed M\u00fcller, (born January 31, 1966) is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a second striker.", "Q463285": "Rex Maynard Linn (born November 13, 1956) is an American film and television actor. He played the role of Frank Tripp in the television series CSI: Miami.", "Q1350177": "Pierre Dreyfus (November 18, 1907, Paris\u2014December 25, 1994, Paris) was a high French civil servant who in 1955 became a wealthy businessman.\nBetween 1947 and 1955, he occupied senior administrative positions in the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, and in 1951 he became 'directeur de cabinet' at the ministry. Between 1948 and 1955, Dreyfus combined his civil service duties with the vice-presidency of the newly nationalised Renault auto business. In February 11, 1955, Pierre Lefaucheux died in a road accident, and Dreyfus was appointed CEO of Renault. He retained the position until his retirement from the company in 1975.\nLike Lefaucheux, Dreyfus secured his reputation in the top job at Renault by overseeing the launch and production of a model developed under his predecessor: in this case the commercial success was that of the Renault Dauphine. By the end of 1958, with Dreyfus less than three years into his time at the top, a million Renault 4CVs and half a million Dauphines had been sold. The following year, 1959, Renault ranked as the world's sixth largest auto-maker. The collapse of North American demand for the Dauphine triggered a crisis for the company that was well-publicised, especially in the United States, with unsold Dauphines on North American docksides adding to the half million unsold Detroit built products clogging the US auto-market by the end of 1960: for Renault salvation arrived just in time in the form of the Renault 4, developed under Dreyfus and built at the rate of 1,000 cars a day by the end of 1962. During Dreyfus's twenty years in charge, Renault went on to consolidate its position as France's top selling car maker, gaining particular recognition in the 1960s for popularizing front wheel drive, hatchback sedans across Europe, most notably the 4, 5 and 16 models.\nDuring the early years of the Mitterrand presidency, Dreyfus became active on the political scene, serving briefly as Industry Minister between June 1981 and June 1982 under prime minister Pierre Mauroy.\nPierre Dreyfus was not related either to Alfred Dreyfus, famous because of the 'Dreyfus Affair' effectively publicised by \u00c9mile Zola, nor to the race-driver Pierre Louis-Dreyfus.", "Q256065": "Rokia Traor\u00e9 (born January 26, 1974) is a Malian-born singer, songwriter and guitarist.She made six albums between 1998 and 2016. Bowmbo\u00ef (2003) won the Critics Award category at the BBC Radio 3 Awards for World Music in 2004 and Tchamantch\u00e9 (2008) won Victoires de la Musique World Music Album of the Year in 2009. Traor\u00e9 won Best Artist in the Songlines Music Awards in 2009.She is a member of the Bambara ethnic group.", "Q92717": "Sir John Whitaker Fairclough (23 August 1930 \u2013 5 June 2003) was a British computer designer, and later government policy advisor.", "Q884083": "Louis Powell Harvey (July 22, 1820 \u2013 April 19, 1862) was an American politician and the seventh Governor of Wisconsin. He was the first Wisconsin Governor to die in office.", "Q557134": "Lanoe George Hawker, (30 December 1890 \u2013 23 November 1916) was a British flying ace of the First World War. Having seven credited victories, he was the third pilot to receive the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration for gallantry awarded to British and Commonwealth servicemen.\nHe was killed in a dogfight with the famous German flying ace Manfred von Richthofen (\"The Red Baron\"), who described him as \"the British Boelcke\".", "Q210756": "The Thing is a 1982 American science fiction horror film directed by John Carpenter and written by Bill Lancaster. Based on the 1938 John W. Campbell Jr. novella Who Goes There?, it tells the story of a group of American researchers in Antarctica who encounter the eponymous \"Thing\", a parasitic extraterrestrial life-form that assimilates, then imitates other organisms. The group is overcome by paranoia and conflict as they learn that they can no longer trust each other and that any one of them could be the Thing. The film stars Kurt Russell as the team's helicopter pilot, R.J. MacReady, and features A. Wilford Brimley, T. K. Carter, David Clennon, Keith David, Richard Dysart, Charles Hallahan, Peter Maloney, Richard Masur, Donald Moffat, Joel Polis, and Thomas G. Waites in supporting roles.\nProduction began in the mid-1970s as a faithful adaptation of the novella, following 1951's The Thing from Another World. The Thing went through several directors and writers, each with different ideas on how to approach the story. Filming lasted roughly 12 weeks, beginning in August 1981, and took place on refrigerated sets in Los Angeles as well as in Juneau, Alaska, and Stewart, British Columbia. Of the film's $15 million budget, $1.5 million was spent on Rob Bottin's creature effects, a mixture of chemicals, food products, rubber, and mechanical parts turned by his large team into an alien capable of taking on any form.\nThe Thing was released in 1982 to very negative reviews. It was described as \"instant junk\", \"a wretched excess\", and proposed as the most-hated film of all time by film magazine Cinefantastique. Reviews both praised the special effects achievements and criticized their visual repulsiveness, while others focused on poor characterization. The film earned $19.6 million during its theatrical run. Many reasons have been cited for its failure to impress audiences: competition from films such as E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, which offered an optimistic take on alien visitation; a summer that had been filled with successful science fiction and fantasy films; and an audience, living through a recession, diametrically opposed to The Thing's nihilistic tone.\nThe film found an audience when released on home video and television. In the years since, it has been reappraised as one of the best science fiction and horror films ever made, and has gained a cult following. Filmmakers have noted its influence on their work, and it has been referred to in other media such as television and video games. The Thing has spawned a variety of merchandise\u2014including a 1982 novelization, haunted house attractions, board games\u2014and sequels in comic books, a video game of the same name, and a 2011 prequel film of the same name. A remake was announced in 2020.", "Q92071": "Luna Marie Schweiger (born 11 January 1997) is a German child actress. She is best known for her role in the 2007 film Keinohrhasen and its 2009 sequel Zweiohrk\u00fcken, directed by her father Til Schweiger.", "Q2551": "Johannes Rau (German pronunciation: [jo\u02c8han\u0259s \u02c8\u0281a\u028a]; 16 January 1931 \u2013 27 January 2006) was a German politician (SPD). He was President of Germany from 1 July 1999 until 30 June 2004 and Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 20 September 1978 to 9 June 1998. In the latter role, he also served as President of the Bundesrat in 1982/83 and in 1994/1995.", "Q3897": "Luanda (), is the capital and largest city in Angola. It is Angola's primary port, and its major industrial, cultural and urban centre. Located on Angola's northern coast with the Atlantic Ocean, Luanda is both Angola's chief seaport and its administrative centre. It is also the capital city of Luanda Province. Luanda and its metropolitan area is the most populous Portuguese-speaking capital city in the world, with over 8 million inhabitants in 2019 (a third of Angola's population). \nAmong the oldest colonial cities of Africa, it was founded in January 1576 as S\u00e3o Paulo da Assun\u00e7\u00e3o de Loanda by Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais. The city served as the centre of the slave trade to Brazil before its prohibition. At the start of the Angolan Civil War in 1975, most of the white Portuguese left as refugees, principally for Portugal. Luanda's population increased greatly from refugees fleeing the war, but its infrastructure was inadequate to handle the increase. This also caused the exacerbation of slums, or musseques, around Luanda. The city is currently undergoing a major reconstruction, with many large developments taking place that will alter its cityscape significantly.\nThe industries present in the city include the processing of agricultural products, beverage production, textile, cement, newly car assembly plants, construction materials, plastics, metallurgy, cigarettes and shoes. The city is also notable as an economic centre for oil, and a refinery is located in the city. Luanda has been considered one of the most expensive cities in the world for expatriates. The inhabitants of Luanda are mostly members of the ethnic group of the Ambundu, but in recent times there has been an increase of the number of the Bakongo and the Ovimbundu. There exists a European population, consisting mainly of Portuguese. Luanda was the main host city for the matches of the 2010 African Cup of Nations.", "Q249623": "Orange Range (\u30aa\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8, Orenji Renji) are a 5-member Japanese rock band, based in Okinawa, Japan. Formed in 2001, the band began with Spice Music and later signed with Sony Music Japan's gr8! records division in 2003. The band left gr8! records in 2010 to start their own label, Super Echo.", "Q4120": "Neu-Ulm is the capital of the Neu-Ulm district and a town in Swabia, Bavaria. Neighbouring towns include Ulm, Senden, Pfaffenhofen an der Roth, Holzheim, Nersingen and Elchingen. The population is 51,110 (30 June 2005).", "Q3149595": "InFin\u00e9 is a French record label directed by Alexandre Cazac and Yannick Matray. Coming from electronic music, the label usually goes off the beaten path, from classical music to ambient, through club or pop music.", "Q84613": "Richard Peter (10 May 1895 \u2013 3 October 1977) was a German press photographer and photojournalist. He is best known for his photographs of Dresden just after the end of World War II.\nRichard Peter was born and raised in Klein Jenkwitz, Silesia, working as a smith and a miner while dabbling in photography. He was drafted into the German army in 1914 to serve in World War I. After the war he settled in Halle and later in Dresden. He joined the labor movement and the Communist Party of Germany. During the 1920s and early 1930s he published his photographs in various left-wing publications. Because of this he was promptly barred from working as a press photographer when the Nazi Party rose to power in 1933. During the Third Reich he worked in advertising, before being drafted again to serve in World War II.\nPeter returned to Dresden in September 1945 to find the city destroyed after the bombing of Dresden in February 1945. His personal archive and equipment had been completely destroyed in the raids. Starting over with borrowed equipment, he began to document the damage to the city and the beginnings of its reconstruction. His photographs were published in 1949 in a volume called Dresden, eine Kamera klagt an (\"Dresden, a photographic accusation\", ISBN 3-930195-03-8).\nIn 1949 Peter was expelled from the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the successor of the Communist Party, when he investigated corrupt party officials. He continued to work as a freelance art photographer in Dresden until his death in 1977, and eventually won some international recognition for his work. Peter's more than 5,000 negatives and prints were acquired by the Saxon State Library in 1983.", "Q445242": "Joshua Ryan Evans (January 10, 1982 \u2013 August 5, 2002) was an American actor who became known for his role of Timmy Lenox in the soap opera Passions. Though he was 17 years old when Passions debuted, Evans had the appearance and voice of a small child due to achondroplasia, a form of dwarfism. He was 3 feet 2 inches (97 cm) tall.", "Q491775": "Steven James Zahn (; born November 13, 1967) is an American actor and comedian. His films include Reality Bites (1994), That Thing You Do! (1996), SubUrbia (1996), Out of Sight (1998), Happy, Texas (1999), Riding in Cars with Boys (2001), Shattered Glass (2003), Sahara (2005), Rescue Dawn (2007), the first three Diary of a Wimpy Kid movies, Dallas Buyers Club (2013), and War for the Planet of the Apes (2017).\nZahn has done voice acting in Chicken Little (2005), Escape from Planet Earth (2013), and The Good Dinosaur (2015). He has also worked regularly in television, including the recurring role of Davis McAlary on HBO's Treme (2010 to 2013).", "Q90666": "August Becker (27 April 1828 in Klingenm\u00fcnster \u2013 23 March 1891 in Eisenach) was a German author.", "Q327850": "Mark Richardson (born 18 May 1970, Leeds) is an English drummer, of the UK rock band Skunk Anansie and formerly of Little Angels and Feeder.", "Q3568974": "William Stewart Loggie (August 10, 1850 \u2013 March 13, 1944) was a merchant and politician of the town of Chatham, New Brunswick, Canada.\nBorn in Burnt Church, New Brunswick, Loggie, a dynamic man, built a small empire throughout the Miramichi River area. He bought fish directly from the fishermen, and packed and exported it. As well he operated a large retail business, with hardware, clothing, footwear and grocery stores in Chatham, and general stores in smaller communities in outlying villages. Loggie was also a shipowner and bought and exported lumber.\nLoggie sat as the Liberal Party of New Brunswick representative in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick for the riding of Northumberland from 1903 to 1904 when he resigned to run for the House of Commons of Canada in the general elections of 1904. A Liberal, he represented the riding of Northumberland from 1904 until 1917 when, as a result of the Conscription Crisis he ran for re-election as a Unionist supporting Sir Robert Borden's government. He did not run for re-election in 1921, retiring to private life.\nWhen W. S. Loggie died in 1944, his son, J. Kerr Loggie, took over as president of W. S. Loggie and Sons. Kerr's health was failing by 1946 and his brother, Leigh Loggie, returned from the Peace River Country of Alberta where he operated a fur trading business and general store. He operated the company until his death in 1977. As Leigh was a bachelor, the business was wound down at his passing.\nW. S. Loggie's three-story Victorian Mansion on Wellington Street in Chatham is now a cultural centre.", "Q88029": "August Reichensperger (22 March 1808 \u2013 16 July 1895) was a German Catholic politician from the city of Koblenz.", "Q1093184": "Iceberg is an adventure novel by Clive Cussler published in the United States by Dodd, Mead & Company in 1975. This is the 2nd published book to feature the author\u2019s primary protagonist Dirk Pitt.", "Q969321": "Fortun\u00e9 Hippolyte Auguste Abraham-Dubois (11 September 1821 \u2013 26 February 1891), under the nom de plume Fortun\u00e9 du Boisgobey, was a French novelist.", "Q7429": "Nina Aleksandrovna Andreyeva (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430, born 12 October 1938) is a Russian chemist, teacher, author, political activist, and social critic. A supporter of classical Soviet principles, she wrote an essay entitled I Cannot Forsake My Principles that defended many aspects of the traditional Soviet system, and criticized General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his closest supporters for not being true communists. In the rebuke published in the official party newspaper Pravda the essay was called The Manifesto of Anti-Perestroika Forces.", "Q161671": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Paroubek (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u026ar\u031di\u02d0 \u02c8paroub\u025bk] (listen); born 21 August 1952) is a Czech politician, who was the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from April 2005 to August 2006. He was also the leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party (\u010cSSD) from 2006 until his resignation following the 2010 legislative election.", "Q318478": "Eric I (c.\u20091060 \u2013 10 July 1103), also known as Eric the Good (Danish: Erik Ejegod), was King of Denmark following his brother Olaf I Hunger in 1095. He was a son of Sweyn II. His mother's identity is unknown. He married Boedil Thurgotsdatter.", "Q1058": "Narendra Damodardas Modi (Gujarati pronunciation: [\u02c8n\u0259\u027eendr\u0259 d\u0251mod\u0259\u027e\u02c8d\u0251s \u02c8modi\u02d0] (listen); born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician serving as the 14th and current Prime Minister of India since 2014. He was the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 and is the Member of Parliament for Varanasi. Modi is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation. He is the first prime minister outside of the Indian National Congress to win two consecutive terms with a full majority and the second to complete five years in office after Atal Bihari Vajpayee.Born to a Gujarati family in Vadnagar, Modi helped his father sell tea as a child and has said he later ran his own stall. He was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight, beginning a long association with the organisation. Modi left home after finishing high-school in part due to an arranged marriage to Jashodaben Chimanlal, which he abandoned and publicly acknowledged only many decades later. Modi travelled around India for two years and visited a number of religious centres before returning to Gujarat. In 1971 he became a full-time worker for the RSS. During the state of emergency imposed across the country in 1975, Modi was forced to go into hiding. The RSS assigned him to the BJP in 1985 and he held several positions within the party hierarchy until 2001, rising to the rank of general secretary.\nModi was appointed Chief Minister of Gujarat in 2001 due to Keshubhai Patel's failing health and poor public image following the earthquake in Bhuj. Modi was elected to the legislative assembly soon after. His administration has been considered complicit in the 2002 Gujarat riots or otherwise criticised for its handling of it. A Supreme Court-appointed Special Investigation Team found no evidence to initiate prosecution proceedings against Modi personally. His policies as chief minister, credited with encouraging economic growth, have received praise. His administration has been criticised for failing to significantly improve health, poverty and education indices in the state.Modi led the BJP in the 2014 general election which gave the party a majority in the Indian lower house of parliament, the Lok Sabha, the first time for any single party since 1984. Modi's administration has tried to raise foreign direct investment in the Indian economy and reduced spending on healthcare and social welfare programmes. Modi has attempted to improve efficiency in the bureaucracy; he has centralised power by abolishing the Planning Commission. He began a high-profile sanitation campaign and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws. He initiated a controversial demonetisation of high-denomination banknotes. \nFollowing his party's victory in the 2019 general election, his administration revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. His administration also introduced the Citizenship Amendment Act, which resulted in widespread protests across the country. Described as engineering a political realignment towards right-wing politics, Modi remains a figure of controversy domestically and internationally over his Hindu nationalist beliefs and his role during the 2002 Gujarat riots, cited as evidence of an exclusionary social agenda.", "Q1508621": "George William Howlan (May 19, 1835 \u2013 May 11, 1901) was an Irish-born merchant, ship owner and political figure in Prince Edward Island.\nHe represented 1st Prince in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1863 to 1873 as a Liberal member. He represented Alberton division in the Senate of Canada from 1873 to 1894 and was the province's sixth Lieutenant Governor from 1894 to 1899.\nHe was born in Wexford and came to Nova Scotia with his parents in the late 1830s. They settled in Prince Edward Island in 1839. Howlan was educated in Charlottetown and was hired as a clerk in a store there in 1850. He moved to Cascumpec (later Alberton), first working for a Boston merchant there and then setting up his own business. In 1866, he married Elizabeth Olson. Howlan was named to the Executive Council in 1867, serving until 1873. However, in 1870, he threw his support behind the Conservatives after Protestants in the Liberal caucus refused to support separate schools. Howlan initially opposed Confederation, believing that the island would have little say. However, he supported railway building in the province and the resulting debt load forced the island to reconsider union with Canada. In 1873, he was named customs collector at Charlottetown.\nIn 1873, Howlan ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the House of Commons but was named to the Senate that same year. He married Mary E. Doran in 1881 after the death of his first wife. Howlan resigned from his seat in the Senate in 1891 to run unsuccessfully for a seat in the House of Commons but was appointed again to the Senate later that year. Also in 1891, he went to England as a representative of the province to discuss with engineers there the feasibility of a tunnel connecting the island to the mainland. Howlan died in Charlottetown in 1901.", "Q14566": "Ebikon is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q101185": "Juliane Rautenberg (born 2 July 1966 in Berlin, Germany) is a former German television actress.\nRautenberg made her first appearance on German television in 1988 in Die Wicherts von nebenan. She is probably most famous for appearing in five episodes of Derrick which were aired between 1991 and 1994.", "Q444174": "Rhianna Pratchett (born 30 December 1976) is an English video game writer, and journalist. She has worked on Heavenly Sword (2007), Overlord (2007), Mirror's Edge (2008), and Tomb Raider (2013) and its follow up, Rise of the Tomb Raider (2015), among others. She is the daughter of fantasy writer Terry Pratchett.", "Q122774": "Albert Hensel (March 20, 1895 \u2013 June 5, 1942) was a German Communist executed under the Nazis. He was a member of the Communist Party of Germany and along with numerous other resistance fighters was executed by the Nazis. Hensel was born in Dresden where he and fellow communist members began their work against the Nazi regime.", "Q963142": "Ernest Dale Tubb (February 9, 1914 \u2013 September 6, 1984), nicknamed the Texas Troubadour, was an American singer and songwriter and one of the pioneers of country music. His biggest career hit song, \"Walking the Floor Over You\" (1941), marked the rise of the honky tonk style of music.In 1948 he was the first singer to record a hit version of Billy Hayes and Jay W. Johnson's \"Blue Christmas\", a song more commonly associated with Elvis Presley and his late-1950s version. Another well-known Tubb hit was \"Waltz Across Texas\" (1965) (written by his nephew Quanah Talmadge Tubb, known professionally as Billy Talmadge), which became one of his most requested songs and is often used in dance halls throughout Texas during waltz lessons. Tubb recorded duets with the then up-and-coming Loretta Lynn in the early 1960s, including their hit \"Sweet Thang\". Tubb is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame.", "Q164721": "Reinhard Friedrich Michael Mey (born 21 December 1942) is a German \"Liedermacher\" (literally \"songmaker\", a German-style singer-songwriter). In France he is known as Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rik Mey.\nBy 2009, Mey had released 27 German albums, and generally releases a new album approximately every two years; his first album was Ich wollte wie Orpheus singen (1967); the most recent studio album is Mr. Lee (2016). His biggest success to date was Mein Achtel Lorbeerblatt (1972). His most famous song by far is \"\u00dcber den Wolken\" (1974), which has been covered by numerous German artists. Mey is known to embark upon an extensive concert tour every two or three years, with a live album released from each tour.\n\n", "Q3025301": "A.F. Mozhaysky's Military-Space Academy (Russian: \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0410. \u0424. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb) is a Military Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is located in Saint Petersburg. It is associated with the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces.", "Q27184": "Jive Records was an American record label formed in 1981 and is owned by Sony Music Entertainment. Formerly headquartered in New York City, Jive was best known for its string of successes with Hip hop artists in the 1980s and 1990s, and also in teen pop and boy bands during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Since 2011, the label has been in hibernation with its previous operations having been absorbed by RCA Records.", "Q246538": "Doyle Bramhall II (born December 24, 1968) is an American musician, producer, guitarist, and songwriter known for his work with Eric Clapton, Roger Waters, and many others. He is the son of the songwriter and drummer Doyle Bramhall.", "Q95736": "Moritz August von Bethmann-Hollweg (born 8 April 1795 in Frankfurt am Main, died 14 July 1877 on Rheineck castle near Niederbreisig on the Rhine) was a German jurist and Prussian politician.", "Q322900": "Henry Kingsley (2 January 1830 \u2013 24 May 1876) was an English novelist, brother of the better-known Charles Kingsley. He was an early exponent of muscular Christianity in a 1859 work, The Recollections of Geoffry Hamlyn.", "Q142080": "Ignacio Andrade Troconis (31 July 1839 \u2013 17 February 1925), was a military man and politician. He was known as a member of the Liberal yellow party, and served as President of Venezuela from 1898 until 1899 - his election was declaredly clouded by fraud.", "Q4108": "Bad Salzuflen is a town and thermal spa resort in the Lippe district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. At the end of 2013, it had 52,121 inhabitants.", "Q5189371": "Crown Hill Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery located at 700 West Thirty-Eighth Street in Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana. The privately owned cemetery was established in 1863 at Strawberry Hill, whose summit was renamed \"The Crown\", a high point overlooking Indianapolis. It is approximately 2.8 miles (4.5 km) northwest of the city's center. Crown Hill was dedicated on June 1, 1864, and encompasses 555 acres (225 ha), making it the third largest non-governmental cemetery in the United States. Its grounds are based on the landscape designs of Pittsburgh landscape architect and cemetery superintendent John Chislett Sr. and Adolph Strauch, a Prussian horticulturalist. In 1866 the U.S. government authorized a U.S. National Cemetery for Indianapolis. The 1.4-acre (0.57 ha) Crown Hill National Cemetery is located in Section 10.\nCrown Hill contains 25 miles (40 km) of paved road, over 150 species of trees and plants, over 200,000 graves, and services roughly 1,500 burials per year. Crown Hill is the final resting place for individuals from all walks of life, from political and civic leaders to ordinary citizens, infamous criminals, and unknowns. Benjamin Harrison, twenty-third president of the United States, and Vice Presidents Charles W. Fairbanks, Thomas A. Hendricks, and Thomas R. Marshall are buried at Crown Hill. Infamous bank robber and \"Public Enemy #1\" John Dillinger is another internee. The gravesite of Hoosier poet James Whitcomb Riley overlooks the city from \"The Crown\". \nIn the book (and later a movie adaptation of the same) The Fault In Our Stars, the charismatic, philosophic love interest Augustus Waters is buried at Crown Hill in a gravesite facing 38th Street. \nMany of the cemetery's mausoleums, monuments, memorials, and structures were designed by architects, landscape designers, and sculptors such as Diedrich A. Bohlen, George Kessler, Rudolf Schwarz, Adolph Scherrer, and the architectural firms of D. A. Bolen and Son and Vonnegut and Bohn, among others. Works by contemporary sculptors include David L. Rodgers, Michael B. Wilson, and Eric Nordgulen.\nThe cemetery's administrative offices, mortuary, and crematorium are located at Thirty-eighth and Clarenden streets on the cemetery's north grounds. Crown Hill's Waiting Station, built in 1885 at its east entrance on Thirty-fourth Street and Boulevard Place, serves as a meeting place for tours and programs. The Crown Hill Heritage Foundation, a nonprofit corporation established in 1984, raises funds to preserve the cemetery's historic buildings and grounds. Crown Hill Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 1973.", "Q152293": "Aram Il'yich Khachaturian (; Russian: \u0410\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044f\u043d, IPA: [\u0250\u02c8ram \u026a\u02c8l\u02b2jit\u0361\u0255 x\u0259t\u0361\u0255\u026at\u028a\u02c8r\u02b2an]; Armenian: \u0531\u0580\u0561\u0574 \u053d\u0561\u0579\u0561\u057f\u0580\u0575\u0561\u0576, Aram Xa\u010datryan; pronounced [\u0251\u02c8\u027e\u0251m \u03c7\u0251t\u0361\u0283\u02b0\u0251t(\u0259)\u027e\u02c8j\u0251n]; 6 June [O.S. 24 May] 1903 \u2013 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Armenian composer and conductor. He is considered one of the leading Soviet composers.Born and raised in Tbilisi, the multicultural capital of Georgia, Khachaturian moved to Moscow in 1921 following the Sovietization of the Caucasus. Without prior music training, he enrolled in the Gnessin Musical Institute, subsequently studying at the Moscow Conservatory in the class of Nikolai Myaskovsky, among others. His first major work, the Piano Concerto (1936), popularized his name within and outside the Soviet Union. It was followed by the Violin Concerto (1940) and the Cello Concerto (1946). His other significant compositions include the Masquerade Suite (1941), the Anthem of the Armenian SSR (1944), three symphonies (1935, 1943, 1947), and around 25 film scores. Khachaturian is best known for his ballet music\u2014Gayane (1942) and Spartacus (1954). His most popular piece, the \"Sabre Dance\" from Gayane, has been used extensively in popular culture and has been covered by a number of musicians worldwide. His style is \"characterized by colorful harmonies, captivating rhythms, virtuosity, improvisations, and sensuous melodies\".During most of his career, Khachaturian was approved by the Soviet government and held several high posts in the Union of Soviet Composers from the late 1930s, although he joined the Communist Party only in 1943. Along with Sergei Prokofiev and Dmitri Shostakovich, he was officially denounced as a \"formalist\" and his music dubbed \"anti-people\" in 1948 but was restored later that year. After 1950 he taught at the Gnessin Institute and the Moscow Conservatory and turned to conducting. He traveled to Europe, Latin America and the United States with concerts of his own works. In 1957 Khachaturian became the Secretary of the Union of Soviet Composers, a position he held until his death.\nKhachaturian composed the first Armenian ballet music, symphony, concerto, and film score. He is considered the most renowned Armenian composer of the 20th century. While following the established musical traditions of Russia, he broadly used Armenian and, to lesser extent, Caucasian, Eastern and Central European, and Middle Eastern peoples' folk music in his works. He is highly regarded in Armenia, where he is considered a \"national treasure\".", "Q1351527": "Thomas Richard Paxton (born October 31, 1937) is an American folk singer-songwriter who has had a music career spanning more than fifty years. In 2009, Paxton received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He is noteworthy as a music educator as well as an advocate for folk singers to combine traditional songs with new compositions.\nPaxton's songs have been widely recorded, including modern standards such as \"The Last Thing on My Mind\", \"Bottle of Wine\", \"Whose Garden Was This\", \"The Marvelous Toy\", and \"Ramblin' Boy\". Paxton's songs have been recorded by Pete Seeger, Bob Dylan, The Weavers, Judy Collins, Sandy Denny, Joan Baez, Doc Watson, Harry Belafonte, Peter, Paul and Mary, The Seekers, Marianne Faithfull, The Kingston Trio, the Chad Mitchell Trio, John Denver, Dolly Parton and Porter Wagoner, Johnny Cash, Willie Nelson, Flatt & Scruggs, The Move, The Fireballs, and many others (see covers).\n\n", "Q172143": "Mois\u00e9s Solana Arciniega (December 26, 1935 \u2013 July 27, 1969) was a racing driver from Mexico. He participated in eight Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on October 27, 1963, and scoring no championship points. He also participated in one non-Championship Formula One race. He also took part in Formula Two in 1968 with Team Lotus at the Jarama Circuit near Madrid, Spain. His first racing events were in a 1954 special (the \"Solana Sports\"), built by Javi\u00e9r Solana. Solana was also a proficient Jai alai player and his racing career was partly funded by this.In 1968, Solana tested a Formula Two car for Ferrari. He also drove for Lola and McLaren in the USRRC/Can-Am series between 1966 and 1968, and in March 1968 he won the first point-scoring race of the USRRC Group 7 series in the first international race in Mexico City. He still holds all the records in the Mexican road race categories and those at the Mexican Magdalena Mixhuca circuit.He was the only driver in the history of the Formula One World Championship to start a race in a number 13 car (Divina Galica, in the 1976 British Grand Prix, also attempted a race with the number, but failed to qualify), something he did for BRM on his Formula One debut in the 1963 Mexican Grand Prix until Pastor Maldonado adopted 13 as his permanent number in 2014. Solana was a classified finisher in 11th despite his engine having failed eight laps short of the chequered flag.On July 27, 1969, Solana was killed in the Hillclimb Valle de Bravo-Bosencheve in Mexico, in a fatal accident after his McLaren went wide in a bend and hit a concrete trimming on the edge of the road, overturning the car which landed on top of him and caught fire. The Solana family is still very active in motor racing and manufactures hand made sports cars on a mostly one-off basis.", "Q272845": "Rubye Rose Blevins (October 30, 1908 \u2013 May 3, 1996), known professionally as Patsy Montana, was an American country music singer, songwriter and actress. Montana was the first female country performer to have a million-selling single with her signature song \"I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart\", and is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame.", "Q120163": "Reimund Neugebauer (born 27 June 1953 in Esperstedt am Kyffh\u00e4user) is a German mechanical engineer and professor who has been working in the field of machine tools and forming processes. On October 1, 2012, he took office as the tenth President of the Fraunhofer Society, the largest research organization in Europe, from his predecessor Hans-J\u00f6rg Bullinger.\n\n", "Q88001": "Fritz Wendhausen(7 August 1890, Wendhausen \u2013 5 January 1962, K\u00f6nigstein im Taunus) was a German actor, screenwriter and film director. He is also credited as Frederick Wendhausen and F.R. Wendhausen. In 1938 he emigrated to Britain from Nazi Germany.\n\n", "Q1303507": "James Nelson (April 7, 1919 \u2013 July 29, 2007), known as Jimmy \"T99\" Nelson, was an American jump blues and rhythm and blues shouter and songwriter. With a recording career that spanned over 50 years, Jimmy \"T99\" Nelson became a distinguished elder statesman of American music. His best known recordings are \"T-99 Blues\" and \"Meet Me With Your Black Dress On\". Nelson notably worked with Duke Robillard and Otis Grand.", "Q44379": "Michael Gregory Mizanin (born October 8, 1980) is an American professional wrestler, actor and media personality. He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the SmackDown brand under the ring name The Miz.\nMizanin first gained fame as a reality television participant. He was a cast member on MTV's The Real World: Back to New York in 2001 and subsequently appeared in its spinoff series, Real World/Road Rules Challenge from 2002 to 2005, where he reached the finals in The Gauntlet and The Inferno while winning Battle of the Seasons and The Inferno II. Furthermore, he reached the final in Battle of the Network Reality Stars and won a 3-part Reality Stars-themed episode of Fear Factor in 2006. After becoming the runner-up in the fourth season of Tough Enough and subsequently launching his WWE career, Mizanin appeared on Diva Search, Total Divas and Tough Enough. He and his wife Maryse also starred in their own reality show titled Miz & Mrs. that premiered in 2018. He has also come to star in several films produced by WWE Studios, portraying Jake Carter in The Marine 3: Homefront, The Marine 4: Moving Target and The Marine 5: Battleground as well as starring in Christmas Bounty and Santa's Little Helper.\nAfter being trained at Deep South Wrestling and Ohio Valley Wrestling, he was promoted to the main roster in 2006. Within WWE, The Miz has won eighteen total championships: the WWE Championship once, the Intercontinental Championship eight times, the United States Championship twice, and eight tag team championships (two World Tag Team, four WWE (now Raw) Tag Team, and two SmackDown Tag Team), making him the 25th Triple Crown Champion and 14th Grand Slam Champion in company history. The Miz also won the 2010 Raw Money in the Bank ladder match, and was ranked number one on Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI)'s annual PWI 500 list for 2011. He is one of the 10 most prolific pay-per-view performers in WWE history. The Miz has headlined several pay-per-view events for WWE, including WrestleMania XXVII.\n\n", "Q43416": "Keanu Charles Reeves ( kee-AH-noo; born September 2, 1964) is a Canadian actor, musician, film producer and director. Born in Beirut, Reeves grew up in Toronto, Ontario. He started acting in theatre productions, and in television films before making his mainstream film debut in Youngblood (1986). Reeves gained recognition in his breakthrough role as Ted \"Theodore\" Logan in the science fiction comedy Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989). This was followed by a supporting role in Ron Howard's comedy Parenthood, 1991's action film Point Break, sequel Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey, and the independent drama My Own Private Idaho. For playing a street hustler in the last of these, Reeves was critically praised for his performance. He had a supporting role in Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992), which was nominated for four Academy Awards. \nThe action thriller Speed (1994), in which Reeves was cast as a police officer, garnered critical and commercial success, and helped Reeves gain further recognition. He followed this with a series of films that failed at the box office, including Johnny Mnemonic (1995), Chain Reaction (1996), and The Last Time I Committed Suicide (1997). However, his performance in the supernatural horror The Devil's Advocate (1997) was well received. Global stardom followed soon after with his lead role as computer hacker Neo in the science fiction thriller The Matrix (1999). The film was a commercial success and won four Academy Awards. He reprised the role in its sequels, The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions (both 2003), both of which were met with mixed reception. In 2005, Reeves played exorcist John Constantine in Constantine and a dentist in the comedy-drama Thumbsucker. He also starred in the animated A Scanner Darkly (2006), romantic drama The Lake House (2006), science fiction thriller The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008), and the crime thriller Street Kings (2008). \nIn 2013, he made his directorial debut with Man of Tai Chi, which garnered warm reception but was a box-office bomb. In 2014, Reeves played the titular assassin in the neo-noir action thriller John Wick, which was a commercial success and was generally well-received. A year later, he starred in Knock Knock and narrated two documentaries, Deep Web and Mifune: The Last Samurai. 2016 saw Reeves star in five films, including The Neon Demon, The Bad Batch, and The Whole Truth. He also starred in a web television series Swedish Dicks. He returned to the John Wick franchise in the commercially successful sequels, John Wick: Chapter 2 (2017), and John Wick: Chapter 3 \u2013 Parabellum (2019). In 2019, Reeves voiced a character in Toy Story 4 (2019). Reeves has spent most of his career typecast as the action hero; \"saving the world\" is a recurring character arc in many roles he has portrayed, such as the characters of Ted \"Theodore\" Logan, Gautama Buddha, Neo, Johnny Mnemonic, John Constantine, and Klaatu. He played bass guitar for the band Dogstar, and pursued other endeavors such as writing.", "Q288057": "John Payne Guerin (October 31, 1939 \u2013 January 5, 2004) was an American percussionist. He was a leading proponent of the jazz-rock style, and was one of the most prolific drummers of his time.", "Q456570": "Nancy Allen (born 1954) is a prominent harpist from the United States.\nThe daughter of a public school music teacher in the Carmel, New York district, she won numerous international competitions starting at a young age. In 1973 she won first prize at the Fifth International Harp Competition in Israel, one of the most prestigious international harp competitions in the world. Since 1999 she has been the Principal Harpist of the New York Philharmonic, playing under music director and conductor Lorin Maazel, and in her 20-year teaching career has trained many successful students as well as serving concurrently as head of the harp departments at the Juilliard School (where she received her bachelor's and master's degrees) and Aspen Music Festival and School. She was formerly the head of the harp department at the Yale School of Music. Her own teachers included Pearl Chertok, Lily Laskine, Marcel Grandjany, and her predecessor at Juilliard, Susann McDonald.\nShe has made numerous recordings (one nominated for a Grammy Award) and has performed solo concerts for forty years.\nBoth her sisters are also noteworthy harpists. Her sister Barbara Allen is the principal harpist for the American Ballet Theatre Orchestra and the Greenwich Symphony. Her sister Jane Allen is the principal harpist for the Eugene Symphony.\n\n", "Q126512": "Walter Bertsch (January 4, 1900 in Oppenweiler - January 5, 1952 in Brno) was a German SS and Nazi Party member, who served as Minister of Economy and Labour in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.A longtime German civil servant, Bertsch was brought to Prague specifically to serve in the Protectorate government. Bertsch was a member of the Nazi Party and held the rank of SS-Oberf\u00fchrer. In 1948 he was found guilty by a Czechoslovak court of overseeing the transfer of funds from the National Bank of Czechoslovakia to the German government and sentenced to life imprisonment.", "Q627325": "A graphic designer is a professional within the graphic design and graphic arts industry who assembles together images, typography, or motion graphics to create a piece of design. A graphic designer creates the graphics primarily for published, printed or electronic media, such as brochures (sometimes) and advertising. They are also sometimes responsible for typesetting, illustration, user interfaces, and web design. A core responsibility of the designer's job is to present information in a way that is both accessible and memorable.", "Q319996": "Thomas Montgomery Newman (born October 20, 1955) is an American composer best known for his many film scores. In a career that has spanned over four decades, he has scored numerous classics including The Player (1992), The Shawshank Redemption (1994), The Green Mile (1999), Angels in America (2003), the Pixar films Finding Nemo (2003) and WALL-E (2008), and all but one of the films of director Sam Mendes including American Beauty (1999), Road to Perdition (2002), the James Bond films Skyfall (2012) and Spectre (2015), and the war film 1917 (2019).\nNewman has been nominated for fifteen Academy Awards, tying him with fellow composer Alex North for the most nominations without a win. He has also been nominated for four Golden Globes, and has won two BAFTAs, six Grammys and an Emmy Award. Newman was honored with the Richard Kirk award at the 2000 BMI Film and TV Awards. The award is given annually to a composer who has made significant contributions to film and television music. His achievements have contributed to the Newmans being the most nominated Academy Award extended family, with a collective 92 nominations in various music categories.", "Q596998": "Kostas Vaxevanis (Greek: \u039a\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03be\u03b5\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2; born 6 May 1966) is a Greek journalist. He is the owner and editor of the magazine Hot Doc and newspaper Documento.\nBorn in 1966 in Agia Paraskevi, Lesbos, Vaxevanis began his journalistic career in Rizospastis in 1988. He later worked with other newspapers, including Eleftherotypia, Kathimerini, To Pontiki and To Vima.\nIn 1991, he began doing stories on the television channels NET and MEGA, being a reporter in war zones such as Bosnia, the Persian Gulf, Palestine, Albania and Kosovo.", "Q90896": "Heinrich Brauns (3 January 1868 \u2013 19 October 1939) was a German politician and Roman Catholic theologian, who for the German Center Party was a long-serving Minister of Labour of the German Reich from 1920 to 1928. Serving in a total of 13 cabinets, Brauns was a major influence on social policy in the Weimar Republic.", "Q1642960": "A pundit is a person who offers to mass media their opinion or commentary on a particular subject area (most typically political analysis, the social sciences, technology or sport) on which they are knowledgeable (or can at least appear to be knowledgeable), or considered a scholar in said area. The term has been increasingly applied to popular media personalities. In certain cases, it may be used in a derogatory manner as well, as the political equivalent of ideologue.", "Q1070": "Ahmedabad ( (listen), pronounced as Amdavad in Gujarati) is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court. Ahmedabad's population of 5,633,927 (as per 2011 population census) makes it the fifth-most populous city in India, and the encompassing urban agglomeration population estimated at 6,357,693 is the seventh-most populous in India. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the Sabarmati River, 23 km (14 mi) from the state capital Gandhinagar, which is its twin city.Ahmedabad has emerged as an important economic and industrial hub in India. It is the second-largest producer of cotton in India, and its stock exchange is the country's second oldest. Cricket is a popular sport in Ahmedabad. A newly-built Sardar Patel Stadium at Motera can accommodate 110,000 spectators . The effects of liberalisation of the Indian economy have energised the city's economy towards tertiary sector activities such as commerce, communication and construction. Ahmedabad's increasing population has resulted in an increase in the construction and housing industries resulting in recent development of skyscrapers.In 2010 Ahmedabad was ranked third in Forbes's list of fastest growing cities of the decade. In 2012, The Times of India chose Ahmedabad as India's best city to live in. As of 2017, Ahmedabad's estimated gross domestic product was $68 billion (PPP dollars).Ahmedabad has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Government of India's flagship Smart Cities Mission. In July 2017, the Historic City of Ahmedabad or Old Ahmedabad, was declared as India's first UNESCO World Heritage City.", "Q1604935": "Juan Vicente Garc\u00eda Aguirre (born 11 February 1965 in San Sebasti\u00e1n, Basque Country, Spain) is a Basque musician and songwriter. He is best known for being one-half of the Spanish group Amaral with its namesake Eva Amaral.Aguirre was born in San Sebasti\u00e1n, living there during part of his childhood, then he moved to Zaragoza and founded a band named D\u00edas De Vino Y Rosas (Days Of Wine And Roses) there, that released an album in 1991. In 1993, he met Eva Amaral and they formed Amaral, which for the first few years of its existence, mainly played small shows in Zaragoza. In 1997, the duo relocated to Madrid and signed with Virgin-EMI, releasing their first album, the eponymous Amaral in 1998. Since then, Amaral have recorded a total of six studio albums.", "Q12881": "Paulo Coelho de Souza (; Portuguese: [\u02c8pawlu ku\u02c8e\u028eu]; born 24 August 1947) is a Brazilian lyricist and novelist, best known for his novel The Alchemist. In 2014, he uploaded his personal papers online to create a virtual Paulo Coelho Foundation.", "Q1716": "Renaud Pierre Manuel S\u00e9chan (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0281\u0259no pj\u025b\u0281 man\u0265\u025bl se\u0283\u0251\u0303]), known as Renaud (French: [\u0281\u0259no] (listen); born 11 May 1952), is a popular French singer, songwriter and actor. His characteristically 'broken' voice makes for a very distinctive vocal style. Several of his songs are popular classics in France, including the sea tale \"D\u00e8s que le vent soufflera\", the irreverent \"Laisse b\u00e9ton\", the ballad \"Morgane de toi\" and the nostalgic \"Mistral gagnant\". However, with the exception of a recording of \"Miss Maggie\" in English and a franglais recording of \"It is not because you are\", his work is almost unknown outside the French-speaking world.", "Q853095": "Don\u00e1t B\u00e1nki (born as Don\u00e1t L\u0151winger, 6 June 1859 \u2013 1 August 1922)\nwas a Hungarian Jewish mechanical engineer and inventor. In 1893 he invented the carburetor for the stationary engine, together with J\u00e1nos Csonka (known as the B\u00e1nki-Csonka engine). The invention is often, incorrectly credited to the German Wilhelm Maybach, who submitted his patent half a year after B\u00e1nki and Csonka. B\u00e1nki also greatly contributed to the design of compressors for combustion engines. He invented a water-turbine, as well, which is named after him.In 1898, Don\u00e1t B\u00e1nki invented the high-compression engine with a dual carburetor, an evaporation method used ever since.\nThe invention of the carburetor helped the development of automobiles, as previously no method was known to correctly mix the fuel and air for engines.\nSome sources say that the idea of the carburetor came from a flower girl. One evening, B\u00e1nki saw her while walking home from the Budapest Technical University. She was sprinkling water onto her flowers by blowing spray from her mouth.\nB\u00e1nki is also given partial credit for the invention of the crossflow turbine.\n\n", "Q1546566": "Griff Furst is an American actor and film director.Furst has appeared in over a hundred television and film productions. He has produced such films as You Might Be The Killer, Welcome to Sudden Death, and Tales From the Hood. He directed Cold Moon. He is the son of Lorraine (Wright) and actor Stephen Furst, and the brother of composer Nathan Furst.\nHis acting credits include the role of Jim Zien in the 2016 film The Founder, and Sheriff Lucas Hood in Banshee. Variety wrote of his acting in I Love You, Phillip Morris in the article entitled \u2018Not Nominated, but Memorable\u2019.", "Q679259": "Armas \u00c4iki\u00e4 (1904\u20131965) was a Finnish communist writer and journalist. He wrote the Anthem of Karelo-Finnish SSR. A citizen of two countries, who had several collection of poems published in the Soviet Union. Back in Finland, when the Communist Party was banned, he spent years in prison and wrote defiant poems.", "Q96559": "Hans Loch (2 November 1898 in Cologne \u2013 13 July 1960 in Berlin) was Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany and Finance Minister of the German Democratic Republic.", "Q4704127": "Al Jawhara bint Abdulaziz Al Saud(died 2019) is a member of the House of Saud.", "Q179770": "Luigi Pintor (18 September 1925 \u2013 17 May 2003) was an Italian left-wing politician and journalist.\n\n", "Q505882": "Marcel Theo Hall (born April 8, 1964), better known by his stage name Biz Markie, is an American rapper, beatboxer, DJ, actor, comedian, television personality and spokesperson. He is best known for his 1989 single \"Just a Friend\", which became a Top 40 hit in several countries. In 2008, \"Just a Friend\" made #100 on VH1's list of the 100 greatest hip hop songs of all time.Markie has been called the \"Clown Prince of Hip Hop.\"", "Q1036504": "Katsuo \u014cno (\u5927\u91ce\u514b\u592b Katsuo \u014cno) (born September 12, 1939 in Kyoto, Japan) is a Japanese musician and composer who has scored multiple films and anime. His most notable works are theme music of detective drama Taiy\u014d ni Hoero! and anime series \"Case Closed\".", "Q88767": "Peter Carstens (13 September 1903 in Brunsb\u00fcttel \u2013 January 1945 in Pozna\u0144) was a German geneticist and animal breeder and SS-Oberf\u00fchrer for the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Carstens joined the NSDAP in 1930 and also joined the SA. He was a professor at the Agricultural College at Hohenheim in 1935. In 1941 he was appointed rector of the State University of Poznan. In 1944 he was part of the management team of the National Socialist Teachers League. He died in January 1945 during a battle. It was the Battle of Poznan.", "Q206": "Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian economist and politician who served as the 22nd prime minister of Canada for nearly a decade, from February 6, 2006, to November 4, 2015. Harper has served as the chairman of the International Democrat Union since February 2018.Over his career, Stephen Harper was elected to the House of Commons seven times, and served nine years as prime minister of Canada, winning three elections as party leader. Harper was the first prime minister to come from the modern Conservative Party of Canada, though older centre-right conservative parties have been active since Canada's founding.\nHarper was one of the founding members of the Reform Party of Canada and under that banner was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1993 in Calgary West. He did not seek re-election in the 1997 federal election. Harper instead joined and later led the National Citizens Coalition, a conservative lobbyist group. In 2002, he succeeded Stockwell Day as leader of the Canadian Alliance, the successor to the Reform Party and returned to parliament as Leader of the Opposition by winning Preston Manning's former seat. In 2003, Harper reached an agreement with the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, Peter MacKay, for the merger of their two parties to form the Conservative Party of Canada. Harper was subsequently elected as the party's first leader in March 2004. As party leader, Leader of the Opposition, and then Prime Minister Harper represented the riding of Calgary Southwest in Alberta from 2002 to 2015. He also represented Calgary Heritage from 2015 until 2016 after the Conservatives lost the 2015 election.The 2006 federal election resulted in a minority government led by the Conservative Party with Harper becoming the 22nd prime minister of Canada. This was to become Canada's longest-serving minority government, but by proportion of seats it was also the smallest minority government since Confederation. In the 2008 federal election, the Conservative Party outperformed and won a stronger minority, showing a moderate increase in the percentage of the popular vote and increased representation in the House of Commons of Canada, with 143 of 308 seats. The 40th Canadian Parliament was eventually dissolved in March 2011, after a no-confidence vote that deemed the Cabinet to be in contempt of parliament. In the federal election that followed, the Conservatives won a decisive majority government which was the first majority mandate since the 2000 federal election. In total, the Conservative Party won a majority of 166 seats in 2011, an increase of 23 seats from the October 2008 election.In the 2015 federal election, Harper won his seat of Calgary Heritage but overall the Conservative Party lost power following nearly a decade of governance. Prime Minister Harper continued to serve until November 4, 2015, when Justin Trudeau and a Liberal Party of Canada government was officially sworn in. Harper officially stepped down as party leader on October 19, 2015, and Rona Ambrose was subsequently chosen as interim leader on November 5, 2015. On May 26, 2016 he was named as a senior board member for the Conservative Party Fund. After 2015, Harper slowly began to step away from Canadian politics and took on a number of international business and leadership roles, founding a global consulting firm, appearing on US and British media, and being elected leader of the International Democrat Union. In 2017, the former Speaker of the House, Andrew Scheer, was elected as Harper's successor as leader of the Conservative Party.", "Q1139145": "Transportes Aereos del Continente Americano, (Air Transports of the American Continent, simply known as TACA Airlines), operating as Avianca El Salvador, is an airline owned by the Synergy Group based in El Salvador. As TACA, it was the flag carrier of El Salvador. As Avianca El Salvador, it is one of the seven nationally branded airlines in the Avianca Holdings group of Latin American airlines, and has been in operation for 75 years.\nTACA owned and operated five other airlines in Central America, and its name was originally an acronym meaning Transportes A\u00e9reos Centroamericanos (Central American Air Transport), but this was changed to Transportes A\u00e9reos del Continente Americano (Air Transport of the American Continent), reflecting its expansion to North, Central, South America and the Caribbean.\nOn October 7, 2009, it was announced that TACA would merge with Avianca, though TACA maintained its name until the merger was officially completed on May 21, 2013.\nTACA Airlines was the second-oldest continuously operating airline brand in Central America and the Caribbean after Cubana de Aviaci\u00f3n.", "Q731553": "G\u00e1bor St\u00e9p\u00e1n (pronounced [\u02c8\u0261a\u02d0bor \u02c8\u0283te\u02d0pa\u02d0n]; born December 13, 1953 in Budapest), Hungarian professor of applied mechanics, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, associate member of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP), fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), former dean of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Won the Sz\u00e9chenyi Prize in 2011 and the Thomas K. Caughey Dynamics Award in 2015 (ASME Applied Mechanics Division). His research fields include nonlinear vibrations, delay-differential equations, and stability theory.\nHe was elected as a fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics in 2017, \"for contributions to the theory and analysis of delayed dynamical systems and their applications\".", "Q387370": "Irma la Douce ([i\u0281.ma la dus], \"Irma the Sweet\") is a 1963 American romantic comedy film starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine, directed by Billy Wilder. It is based on the 1956 French stage musical Irma La Douce by Marguerite Monnot and Alexandre Breffort.", "Q115866": "Ludwig Hohl (9 April 1904 \u2013 3 November 1980) was a Swiss author writing in the German language. Outside of literary mainstream, he spent most of his life in extreme poverty. He is still unknown to a wider public but has been praised by several well-known authors for his writing and his radical thinking about life and literature.", "Q201115": "Stella is an autobiographical 2008 French film directed by Sylvie Verheyde.", "Q26720579": "The Road to Dishonour (German: Der Weg zur Schande) is a 1930 British-German drama film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Anna May Wong, Francis Lederer and Georg H. Schnell. It was made at Elstree Studios as part of a co-production deal between Eichberg and British International Pictures. Separate English-language (The Flame of Love) and French-language (Hai-Tang) were also made.", "Q689800": "Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU; Russian: \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442) is a multidisciplinary higher educational institution that provides training for scientific, technical, technological, economic, managerial, social and humanitarian areas and specialties for enterprises and organizations of the Western Ural and Russia. The university is located in the city of Perm, Perm Krai, Russia. Its current rector is Anatoly \u0422\u0430shkinov.", "Q1369906": "Charles Henry Daniell (5 March 1894 \u2013 31 October 1963) was a mid-20th century English actor who had a long career on stage and in cinema. He came to prominence for his portrayal of villainous roles in the films The Great Dictator, The Philadelphia Story and The Sea Hawk. Daniell was given few opportunities to play a 'good guy', including a supporting part as Franz Liszt in the biographical film Song of Love (1947). His name is sometimes spelled \"Daniel\".", "Q550115": "Anthony Dwayne Montgomery (born June 2, 1971) is an American film and television actor, as well as graphic novelist. He is best known for his portrayal of Ensign Travis Mayweather on the UPN science fiction television series Star Trek: Enterprise (the fifth live-action series in the Star Trek franchise). Montgomery is currently playing Andre Maddox on the ABC daytime soap opera General Hospital. He is the grandson of guitarist Wes Montgomery.", "Q70962": "Eugen Richter (30 July 1838 \u2013 10 March 1906) was a German politician and journalist in Imperial Germany. He was one of the leading advocates of liberalism in the Prussian Landtag and the German Reichstag.", "Q95050": "Paulette Goddard (born Marion Levy; June 3, 1910 \u2013 April 23, 1990) was an American actress, a child fashion model and a performer in several Broadway productions as a Ziegfeld Girl; she became a major star of Paramount Pictures in the 1940s. Her most notable films were her first major role, as Charlie Chaplin's leading lady in Modern Times, and Chaplin's subsequent film The Great Dictator. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in So Proudly We Hail! (1943). Her husbands included Chaplin, Burgess Meredith, and Erich Maria Remarque.", "Q519273": "David Sylvian (born David Alan Batt, 23 February 1958) is an English singer-songwriter and musician who came to prominence in the late 1970s as frontman of the band Japan. The band's androgynous look and increasingly electronic sound made them an important influence on the UK's early-1980s New Romantic scene. Following their breakup, Sylvian embarked on a solo career with his debut album Brilliant Trees (1984). His solo work has been described by AllMusic as \"far-ranging and esoteric,\" and has included collaborations with artists such as Ryuichi Sakamoto, Robert Fripp, Holger Czukay, and Fennesz.", "Q164047": "Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 \u2013 30 May 1744) is regarded as one of the greatest English poets, and the foremost poet of the early eighteenth century. He is best known for his satirical and discursive poetry, including The Rape of the Lock, The Dunciad, and An Essay on Criticism, as well as for his translation of Homer. After Shakespeare, Pope is the second-most quoted writer in the English language, as per The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, some of his verses having even become popular idioms in common parlance (e.g., Damning with faint praise). He is considered a master of the heroic couplet.\nPope's poetic career testifies to his indomitable spirit in the face of disadvantages, of health and of circumstance. The poet and his family were Catholics and thus fell subject to the Test Acts, prohibitive measures which severely hampered the prosperity of their co-religionists after the abdication of James II; one of these banned them from living within ten miles of London, and another from attending public school or university. For this reason, except for a few spurious Catholic schools, Pope was largely self-educated. He was taught to read by his aunt and became a lover of books. He learned French, Italian, Latin, and Greek by himself, and discovered Homer at the age of six. As a child Pope survived being once trampled by a cow, but when he was 12 began struggling with tuberculosis of the spine (Pott disease), along with fits of crippling headaches which troubled him throughout his life. \nIn the year 1709, Pope showcased his precocious metrical skill with the publication of Pastorals, his first major poems. They earned him instant fame. By the time he was 23 he had written An Essay on Criticism, released in 1711. A kind of poetic manifesto in the vein of Horace's Ars Poetica, the essay was met with enthusiastic attention and won Pope a wider circle of prominent friends, most notably Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, who had recently started collaborating on the influential The Spectator. The critic John Dennis, having located an ironic and veiled portrait of himself, was outraged by what he considered the impudence of the younger author. Dennis hated Pope for the rest of his life, and, save for a temporary reconciliation, dedicated his efforts to insulting him in print, to which Pope retaliated in kind, making Dennis the butt of much satire.\nThe Rape of the Lock, perhaps the poet's most famous poem, appeared first in 1712, followed by a revised and enlarged version in 1714. When Lord Petre forcibly snipped off a lock from Miss Arabella Fermor's head (the \"Belinda\" of the poem), the incident gave rise to a high-society quarrel between the families. With the idea of allaying this, Pope treated the subject in a playful and witty mock-heroic epic. The narrative poem brings into focus the onset of acquisitive individualism and conspicuous consumption, where purchased goods assume dominance over moral agency. \nA folio comprising a collection of his poems appeared in 1717, together with two new ones written about the passion of love. These were Verses to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady and the famous proto-romantic poem Eloisa to Abelard. Though Pope never married, about this time he became strongly attached to Lady M. Montagu, whom he indirectly referenced in the popular poem Eloisa to Abelard, and to Martha Blount, with whom his friendship continued throughout his life. \nIn his career as a satirist, Pope made his share of enemies as the critics, politicians, and certain other prominent figures felt the sting of his sharpwitted satires. Some were so virulent, that Pope even carried pistols at one point while walking his dog. After 1738, Pope composed relatively little. He toyed with the idea of writing a patriotic epic called Brutus. He mainly revised and expanded his masterpiece The Dunciad. Book Four appeared in 1742, and a complete revision of the whole poem in the following year. In this version, he replaced Lewis Theobald with the Poet Laureate, Colley Cibber, as \"king of dunces\". However, his real target in the poem is the Whig politician Robert Walpole. By now Pope's health was failing, and when told by his physician, on the morning of his death, that he was better, Pope replied: \"Here am I, dying of a hundred good symptoms\".", "Q47102": "Joseph Smith Jr. (December 23, 1805 \u2013 June 27, 1844) was an American religious leader and founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement. When he was 24, Smith published the Book of Mormon. By the time of his death, 14 years later, he had attracted tens of thousands of followers and founded a religion that continues to the present with millions of global adherents.\nSmith was born in Sharon, Vermont. By 1817, he had moved with his family to the burned-over district of western New York; an area of intense religious revivalism during the Second Great Awakening. Smith said he experienced a series of visions, including one in 1820 during which he saw \"two personages\" (presumably God the Father and Jesus Christ), and another in 1823 in which an angel directed him to a buried book of golden plates inscribed with a Judeo-Christian history of an ancient American civilization. In 1830, Smith published what he said was an English translation of these plates called the Book of Mormon. The same year he organized the Church of Christ, calling it a restoration of the early Christian church. Members of the church were later called \"Latter Day Saints\" or \"Mormons\", and Smith announced a revelation in 1838 which renamed the church as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.\nIn 1831, Smith and his followers moved west, planning to build a communalistic American Zion. They first gathered in Kirtland, Ohio and established an outpost in Independence, Missouri which was intended to be Zion's \"center place\". During the 1830s, Smith sent out missionaries, published revelations, and supervised construction of the Kirtland Temple. The collapse of the church-sponsored Kirtland Safety Society Anti-Banking Company and violent skirmishes with non-Mormon Missourians caused Smith and his followers to establish a new settlement at Nauvoo, Illinois, where he became a spiritual and political leader. In 1844, when the Nauvoo Expositor criticized Smith's power and practice of polygamy, Smith and the Nauvoo city council ordered the destruction of their printing press, inflaming anti-Mormon sentiment. Fearing an invasion of Nauvoo, Smith rode to Carthage, Illinois to stand trial, but was killed when a mob stormed the jailhouse.\nSmith published many revelations and other texts that his followers regard as scripture. His teachings discuss the nature of God, cosmology, family structures, political organization, and religious collectivism. His followers regard him as a prophet comparable to Moses and Elijah, and several religious denominations consider themselves the continuation of the church that he organized, including The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Community of Christ.\n\n", "Q212": "Ukraine (Ukrainian: \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430, romanized: Ukrayina, pronounced [\u028akr\u0250\u02c8jin\u0250] (listen)) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the north-east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west; and Romania, Moldova, and the Black Sea to the south. Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula, which Russia annexed in 2014. Including the Crimean Peninsula, Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi), making it the second-largest country in Europe after Russia, and the 46th-largest country in the world. Excluding Crimea, Ukraine has a population of about 42 million, making it the eighth or ninth-most populous country in Europe, and the 32nd-most populous country in the world. Its capital and largest city is Kiev. Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic. The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy.\nThe territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture, with the powerful state of Kievan Rus' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity. Following its fragmentation in the 13th century, the territory was contested, ruled and divided by a variety of powers, including the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Russia. A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries, but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire. After World War II the Western part of Ukraine merged into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, and the whole country became a part of the Soviet Union as a single state entity. In 1991, Ukraine gained its independence from the Soviet Union in the aftermath of its dissolution at the end of the Cold War. Before its independence, Ukraine was typically referred to in English as \"The Ukraine\", but most sources have since moved to drop \"the\" from the name of Ukraine in all uses.Following its independence, Ukraine declared itself a neutral state; it formed a limited military partnership with Russia and other CIS countries while also establishing a partnership with NATO in 1994. In 2013, after the government of President Viktor Yanukovych had decided to suspend the Ukraine-European Union Association Agreement and seek closer economic ties with Russia, a several-months-long wave of demonstrations and protests known as the Euromaidan began, which later escalated into the 2014 Ukrainian revolution that led to the overthrow of Yanukovych and the establishment of a new government. These events formed the background for the annexation of Crimea by Russia in March 2014, and the War in Donbass in April 2014. On 1 January 2016, Ukraine applied the economic component of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with the European Union.Ukraine is a developing country and ranks 88th on the Human Development Index. As of 2018, Ukraine is the poorest country in Europe alongside Moldova in terms of GDP per capita. At US$40, it has the lowest median wealth per adult in the world, and suffers from a very high poverty rate as well as severe corruption. However, because of its extensive fertile farmlands, Ukraine is one of the world's largest grain exporters. It also maintains the second-largest military in Europe after that of Russia. Ukraine is a unitary republic under a semi-presidential system with separate powers: legislative, executive and judicial branches. The country is a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the GUAM organization, and one of the founding states of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).", "Q48231": "Idi Amin Dada Oumee (; c. 1925 \u2013 16 August 2003) was a Ugandan military officer who served as the President of Uganda from 1971 to 1979. Popularly known as the \"Butcher of Uganda\", he is considered one of the cruellest despots in world history.Amin was born in Koboko to a Kakwa father and Lugbara mother. In 1946, he joined the King's African Rifles (KAR) of the British Colonial Army as a cook. He rose to the rank of lieutenant, taking part in British actions against Somali rebels in the Shifta War and then the Mau Mau rebels in Kenya. Uganda gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1962, and Amin remained in the armed forces, rising to the position of major and being appointed Commander of the Uganda Army in 1965. He became aware that Ugandan President Milton Obote was planning to arrest him for misappropriating army funds, so he launched a military coup in 1971 and declared himself President.\nDuring his years in power, Amin shifted from being a pro-Western ruler enjoying considerable support from Israel to being backed by Libya's Muammar Gaddafi, Zaire's Mobutu Sese Seko, the Soviet Union, and East Germany. In 1975, Amin became the chairman of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), a Pan-Africanist group designed to promote solidarity among African states. Uganda was a member of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights from 1977 to 1979. The UK broke diplomatic relations with Uganda in 1977, and Amin declared that he had defeated the British and added \"CBE\" to his title for \"Conqueror of the British Empire\". Radio Uganda then announced his entire title: \"His Excellency President for Life, Field Marshal Alhaji Dr. Idi Amin Dada, VC, DSO, MC, CBE\".As Amin's rule progressed into the late 1970s, there was increased unrest against his persecution of certain ethnic groups and political dissidents, along with Uganda's very poor international standing due to Amin's support for the terrorist hijackers in Operation Entebbe. He then attempted to annexe Tanzania's Kagera Region in 1978, so Tanzanian president Julius Nyerere had his troops invade Uganda; they captured Kampala on 11 April 1979 and ousted Amin from power. Amin then went into exile, first in Libya and then in Saudi Arabia, where he lived until his death on 16 August 2003.\nAmin's rule was characterised by rampant human rights abuses, political repression, ethnic persecution, extrajudicial killings, nepotism, corruption, and gross economic mismanagement. International observers and human rights groups estimate that between 100,000 and 500,000 people were killed under his regime.", "Q2348254": "Uptown Records was an American record label, founded by Andre Harrell in 1986. It went on to become one of the most popular hip-hop and R&B labels of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Featured on the roster were Guy, Heavy D & The Boyz, Father MC, Notorious B.I.G., Jodeci, Mary J. Blige, Al B. Sure!, and Soul for Real amongst others.", "Q83626": "The Fuzztones are an American garage rock revival band formed in 1980. Founded by singer-guitarist Rudi Protrudi in New York City, the band has gone through several member changes but is currently active in Europe. Dismissed by some critics and listeners as a \"bar band\" or unoriginal, they maintained a strong fan base in New York, in Europe (with their music being played on Hungarian State Radio), and in Los Angeles. Rudi Protrudi moved to Los Angeles in 1987, after the breakup of the original band, to organize a new Fuzztones, consisting of Jordan Tarlow, (Lead Guitar) John \"Speediejohn\" Carlucci, (Bass) Jason Savall, (Vox Organ) & \"Mad\" Mike Czekaj on drums. This lineup bears the distinction of being the only 1980's garage rock revival band to secure a major label record deal, when they signed to RCA.\nThe group's name is derived from Fuzz Tone, the commercial name of a guitar effect pedal invented in 1962 and whose distinctive sound was popularized in the 1965 hit song \"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction\" by the Rolling Stones.", "Q57311": "Juan Manuel Santos Calder\u00f3n (Spanish: [\u02c8xwam ma\u02c8nwel \u02c8santos kalde\u02c8\u027eon]; born 10 August 1951) is a Colombian politician who was the President of Colombia from 2010 to 2018. He was the sole recipient of the 2016 Nobel Peace Prize.\nAn economist by profession and a journalist by trade, Santos is a member of the wealthy and influential Santos family, who from 1913 to 2007 were the majority shareholders of the newspaper El Tiempo until its sale to Planeta DeAgostini in 2007. He was a cadet at the Navy Academy in Cartagena. Shortly after graduating from the University of Kansas, he joined the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia as an economic advisor and delegate to the International Coffee Organization in London, where he also attended the London School of Economics. In 1981, he was appointed deputy director of El Tiempo newspaper, becoming its director two years later. Santos earned a mid-career/master's in public administration in 1981 from Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) and was a 1988 Nieman Fellow for his award-winning work as a columnist and reporter. Santos was a Fulbright visiting fellow at Fletcher at Tufts University in 1981. Santos has been a member of the Washington-based think tank the Inter-American Dialogue since 1990, and he previously served as co-chair of the Board of Directors. Santos was president of the Freedom of Expression Commission for the Inter American Press Association.\nIn 1991, he was appointed by President C\u00e9sar Gaviria Trujillo as Colombia's first Minister of Foreign Trade. Santos worked in expanding international trade with Colombia, and worked in creating various agencies for this purpose including: Proexport, Bancoldex and Fiducoldex. In 2000, he was appointed by President Andr\u00e9s Pastrana Arango as the 64th Minister of Finance and Public Credit.Santos rose to prominence during the Administration of President \u00c1lvaro Uribe V\u00e9lez. In 2005, he co-founded and led the Social Party of National Unity (Party of the U), a liberal-conservative party coalition that backed the policies of President Uribe, successfully supporting his attempt to seek a Constitutional reform to be able to run for a second term. In 2006, after Uribe's re-election, when the Party of the U won a majority of seats in the two chambers of Congress, Santos was appointed as Minister of National Defence, and continued defending the security policies of President Uribe, taking a strong and forceful stance against FARC and the other guerrilla groups operating in Colombia. Santos also created the Good Government Foundation.\nIn 2010, Santos won the presidential election as the prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of his predecessor \u00c1lvaro Uribe V\u00e9lez. However, some months after Santos' possession, Uribe became his strongest opponent, who also founded, three years later, the opposition party Democratic Center. This rivalry determined both Santos' unpopularity and his near-missed defeat during the presidential election in 2014 before Uribe's prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Oscar Iv\u00e1n Zuluaga.On 7 October 2016, Santos was announced as recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, for his efforts negotiating a peace treaty with the FARC-guerrilla in the country, despite of his defeat in the referendum held over the deal, where the \"no\" campaign led by Uribe's party Democratic Center won. The Colombian government and the FARC signed a revised peace deal on 24 November and sent it to Congress for ratification instead of conducting a second referendum. Both houses of Congress ratified the revised peace accord on 29\u201330 November 2016, thus marking an end to the conflict. The treaty brought deep divisions and polarization in the country, which questions its legitimacy. Juan Manuel Santos has been named as one of Time magazine's 100 most influential people. However, Santos left office with one of the lowest levels of popular approval ever, and his successor was the new Uribe's prot\u00e9g\u00e9, Ivan Duque Marquez, a moderate critic of Santos' peace treaty with the FARC-guerilla.", "Q4663802": "Abbas Vaez Tabasi (Persian: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638 \u0637\u0628\u0633\u06cc\u200e; 25 June 1935 \u2013 4 March 2016) was an influential Iranian cleric who held memberships at different institutions. He was Grand Imam and Chairman of the Astan Quds Razavi board from 1979 until his death in 2016.", "Q3356343": "Hans Hagerup Krag (9 August 1829 \u2013 8 May 1907) was a Norwegian engineer.\nHe was hired as an engineer in the Norwegian Public Roads Administration in 1852, and served as director of the Norwegian Directorate of Public Roads from 1874 to 1903. Also, together with Thomas Heftye he founded the Norwegian Mountain Touring Association in 1868. From 1879 to 1883 and 1893 to 1895 he was the chairman of the Norwegian Polytechnic Society.", "Q18406": "Ram\u00f3n Barea (born 13 July 1949) is a Spanish actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films since 1981.\n\n", "Q270920": "The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London. It has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its purpose is to promote the creation, enjoyment and appreciation of the visual arts through exhibitions, education and debate.\n\n", "Q484344": "Progressive metal (sometimes known as prog metal) is a fusion genre melding heavy metal and progressive rock that combines the loud \"aggression\" and amplified guitar-driven sound of the former with the more experimental, cerebral or \"pseudo-classical\" compositions of the latter. The music typically showcases the extreme technical proficiency of the performers, and usually uses unorthodox harmonies as well as complex rhythms with frequent meter changes and intense syncopation. \nWhile the genre emerged towards the late-1980s, it was not until the 1990s that progressive metal achieved widespread success. Queensr\u00ffche, Dream Theater, Tool, Symphony X, Shadow Gallery, King's X, and Fates Warning are a few examples of progressive metal bands who achieved commercial success. Soon after the rise of the genre's popularity, other thrash and death metal bands started to incorporate elements of progressive music in their work.", "Q168669": "Gerberga of Saxony (c. 913 \u2013 5 May 968/9 or 984?) was a French queen who ruled as regent of France during the minority of her son Lothair in 954\u2013959. She was a member of the Ottonian dynasty. Her first husband was Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine. Her second husband was Louis IV of France. Contemporary sources describe her as a highly educated, intelligent and forceful political player.", "Q170026": "Valentinian III (Latin: Flavius Placidius Valentinianus Augustus; 2 July 419 \u2013 16 March 455) was Western Roman Emperor from 425 to 455. His reign was marked by the ongoing collapse of the Western Empire.", "Q524858": "Jules Porg\u00e8s (25 May 1839 \u2013 20 September 1921) was a Paris-based financier who played a central role in the rise of the Randlords who controlled the diamond and gold mining industries in South Africa.\nHe was born Yehuda Porges in Vienna and raised in Prague, where his father was a jeweller. He settled in Paris in the early 1860s and established himself as a diamond trader, through his company Jules Porg\u00e8s & Cie.\n\nHe recognized early the significance of the diamond finds in South Africa and, in 1873, sent two of his younger staff, Alfred Beit and Julius Wernher, to South Africa as his firm's representatives. He arrived in Kimberley himself in 1876 and continued their work in consolidating claims, financing deals and marketing stones, so that his firm Compagnie Fran\u00e7aise de Diamant du Cap de Bonne Esp\u00e9rance gained a significant portion of the Kimberley mine.\nHe saw the benefit of Cecil Rhodes's attempt to consolidate the disparate mining holdings, and sold the Compagnie Fran\u00e7aise to De Beers Consolidated Mines in 1887. He was also instrumental in the negotiations that led to Rhodes buying the Kimberley Central Mining Company (the stake of Barney Barnato).\nWith the discovery of gold in South Africa, at Barberton and then Witwatersrand he turned his attention to gold mining and acquired stakes in many mining claims in and around Johannesburg and developed the financial structures that enabled their exploitation. With Beit and Wernher, and other partners including Hermann Eckstein and Eduard Lippert he was the founder of the mining and financial group known as the \"Corner House\" whose offices were on a corner at the site of Market Square in Johannesburg and whose name was also a pun on \"Eckstein\", \"cornerstone\" in German.\nIn 1890, he largely retired from South African business, and his interests were taken over by the firm of Wernher, Beit & Co.\n\nHe built a large ch\u00e2teau at Rochefort-en-Yvelines just outside Paris for his wife and daughter and maintained a Paris townhouse on the Avenue Montaigne, where he housed his important art collection.\nHe died in Paris in 1921, having outlived many of his prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Randlords.", "Q863142": "Billy Joe Royal (April 3, 1942 \u2013 October 6, 2015) was an American pop and country singer. His most successful record was \"Down in the Boondocks\" in 1965.", "Q64903": "Langwies is a former municipality in the district of Plessur in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Langwies, Calfreisen, Castiel, L\u00fcen, Molinis, Peist and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.", "Q3068573": "Louis Ferdinand Ferber (8 February 1862 \u2013 22 September 1909) was a French Army officer who played an important role in the development of aviation during the early 1900s. Although his aircraft experiments were belatedly successful, his early recognition and publicizing of the work of the Wright Brothers was a major influence on the development of aviation in Europe.", "Q1536095": "Regain Records was a Swedish-based independent record label. The label predominantly released death metal and black metal albums. Regain Records was founded from what remained of the former label, Wrong Again Records, by Per Gyllenb\u00e4ck in 1997. Wrong Again Records had such bands as In Flames, Cryptopsy, Arch Enemy, and Naglfar among its ranks.\nRegain Records' first two releases were Deranged's High on Blood and Embraced's Amorous Anathema, in late 1997. In the first two years of operation, business for the label was slow, due to lack of proper distribution. It was not until Regain Records re-released the first two in Flames albums, Lunar Strain and Subterranean, which were previously released under the name Wrong Again Records, that the label began to prosper.\nIn 2008, the label was involved in a legal dispute with the band Gorgoroth over their 2008 live album.", "Q176457": "Supertramp were an English rock band formed in London in 1969. Marked by the individual songwriting of founders Roger Hodgson (vocals, keyboards, guitar) and Rick Davies (vocals, keyboards), they are distinguished for blending progressive rock and pop styles and for their use of Wurlitzer electric piano and saxophone. The group's line-up changed numerous times throughout their career, with Davies the only consistent member. Other longtime members included bassist Dougie Thomson, drummer Bob Siebenberg, and saxophonist John Helliwell.\nThe band were initially a full-fledged prog-rock group, but starting with their third album Crime of the Century (1974), they maintained a more pop-oriented sound. They reached their commercial peak with 1979's Breakfast in America, which yielded the international top 10 singles \"The Logical Song\", \"Breakfast in America\", \"Goodbye Stranger\" and \"Take the Long Way Home\". Their other top 40 hits included \"Dreamer\" (1974), \"Give a Little Bit\" (1977) and \"It's Raining Again\" (1982).\nAs of 2007, Supertramp album sales exceeded 60 million. They attained significant popularity in North America, Europe, South Africa and Australia. Their highest sales levels were in Canada, where they had two diamond-certified (ten-times platinum) albums (Crime of the Century and Breakfast in America). In 1983, Hodgson left the group to pursue a solo career. Davies took over as the band's sole leader until 1988, after which they disbanded and later reformed in various configurations.", "Q3390270": "Enrique Lorenzo Docampo (1892\u20131981) was a Spanish businessman. he served as president of the Provincial Council of Pontevedra", "Q854936": "Bhichai Rattakul (Thai: \u0e1e\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e22 \u0e23\u0e31\u0e15\u0e15\u0e01\u0e38\u0e25, RTGS: Phichai Rattakun, IPA: [p\u02b0\u00ed.t\u0361\u0255\u02b0aj r\u00e1t.t\u00e0.kun]; born 16 September 1927) is a senior Thai politician who served as the Deputy Prime Minister between 1983-1990 and 1997\u20132000, the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the National Assembly, the leader of the Democrat Party between 1982-1991, and the World President of Rotary International between 2002-2003.", "Q639669": "A musician is a person who plays a musical instrument or is musically talented. Anyone who composes, conducts, or performs music is referred to as a musician. A musician who plays a musical instrument is also known as an instrumentalist.\nMusicians can specialize in any musical style, and some musicians play in a variety of different styles depending on cultures and background. Examples of a musician's possible skills include performing, conducting, singing, rapping, producing, composing, arranging, and the orchestration of music.", "Q2559102": "American Pop is a 1981 American adult animated musical drama film starring Ron Thompson and produced and directed by Ralph Bakshi. It was the fourth animated feature film to be presented in Dolby sound. The film tells the story of four generations of a Russian Jewish immigrant family of musicians whose careers parallel the history of American popular music in the 20th century.\nThe majority of the film's animation was completed through rotoscoping, a process in which live actors are filmed and the subsequent footage is used for animators to draw over. However, the film also uses a variety of other mixed media including water colors, computer graphics, live-action shots, and archival footage.", "Q732728": "Devdas Mohandas Gandhi (22 May 1900 \u2013 3 August 1957) was the fourth and youngest son of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He was born in South Africa and returned to India with his parents as a young man. He became active in his father's movement, spending many terms in jail. He also became a prominent journalist, serving as editor of Hindustan Times. He was also the first pracharak of the Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha (DBHPS), established by Mohandas Gandhi in Tamil Nadu in 1918. The purpose of the Sabha was to propagate Hindi in southern India.", "Q670269": "The Sidelhorn is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located west of the Grimsel Pass. It lies at the eastern end of the mountain chain between the Unteraar Glacier and the Rhone valley, named Aargrat. Because the glacier drains into the Aar and hence the Rhine and North Sea, whilst the Rhone flows into the Mediterranean Sea, the Sidelhorn lies on the European continental divide.The summit can be reached by several trails from the Grimsel Pass.\nAdministratively, the mountain lies on the border between the municipality of Guttannen, to the north and in the canton of Bern, and the municipality of Obergoms, to the south and in the canton of Valais.", "Q1164524": "Danny Bruder (born 31 August 1969 in Berlin) is a German musician/music producer, rapper/singer, author and composer.\n\n", "Q88015": "Johanna Maria Louise Loisinger (1865\u20131951), was an Austrian actress, pianist and soprano opera singer, She was born on 18 April 1865 in Pre\u00dfburg, Austria (today Bratislava), the daughter of John Loisinger and Maria Meier.\nAfter she had completed her singing studies, Loisinger sang in Prague, Troppau (today Opava), Linz and at the court theatre in Darmstadt. She was a well-known singer of the works of Mozart.\nLoisinger married Prince Alexander of Battenberg (1857\u20131893) on 6 February 1889 in Menton, Alpes-Maritimes, France. The prince had resigned from the Bulgarian throne in 1886 and had assumed the style of Count von Hartenau, so Loisinger became the Countess von Hartenau. The couple settled in Graz, Austria, and had two children, Assen Ludwig Alexander (1890\u20131965) and Marie Therese Vera Zvetana (1893\u20131935). After her husband's early death, she moved to Vienna, where she was an active patron of musical organisations. Among other posts, she was president of the Vienna Symphony.\nLoisinger died on 20 July 1951 in Vienna. She was buried in St. Leonhard Cemetery in Graz where her daughter Zvetana was previously buried.", "Q1342229": "Raymond Lakah, (born c. 1960 as Rami Lakah) (\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0643\u062d), is a French-Egyptian magnate, and former owner of the French newspaper France Soir.\nLakah was born in Egypt to a Coptic Christian Egyptian family, and first came to prominence with his brother Michel Lakah in the mid-1990s. They had holdings in construction, healthcare management and aviation. In November 1998, their holdings were floated on the Cairo Stock Exchange with Rami owning 38% and Michel 31%. He is an Egyptian nationalist who showed interest in Egypt's political life.", "Q311306": "Luther Ronzoni Vandross Jr. (April 20, 1951 \u2013 July 1, 2005) was an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. Throughout his career, Vandross was an in-demand background vocalist for several different artists including Todd Rundgren, Judy Collins, Chaka Khan, Bette Midler, Diana Ross, David Bowie, Ben E. King, and Donna Summer. He later became a lead singer of the group Change, which released its gold-certified debut album, The Glow of Love, in 1980 on Warner/RFC Records. After Vandross left the group, he was signed to Epic Records as a solo artist and released his debut solo album, Never Too Much, in 1981.\nHis hit songs include \"Never Too Much\", \"Here and Now\", \"Any Love\", \"Power of Love/Love Power\", \"I Can Make It Better\" and \"For You to Love\". Many of his songs were covers of original music by other artists such as \"If This World Were Mine\" (duet with Cheryl Lynn), \"Since I Lost My Baby\", \"Superstar\" and \"Always and Forever\". Duets such as \"The Closer I Get to You\" with Beyonc\u00e9, \"Endless Love\" with Mariah Carey and \"The Best Things in Life Are Free\" with Janet Jackson were all hit songs in his career.\nDuring his career, Vandross sold over 35 million records worldwide, and received eight Grammy Awards including Best Male R&B Vocal Performance four different times. He won a total of four Grammy Awards in 2004 including the Grammy Award for Song of the Year for a song recorded not long before his death, \"Dance with My Father\".", "Q937507": "Gleb Evgeniyevich Lozino-Lozinskiy (Russian: \u0413\u043b\u0435\u0431 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043d\u043e-\u041b\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439), (Kiev, Russian Empire (now Ukraine), December 25, 1909 \u2013 Moscow, November 28, 2001) was a Russian and Ukrainian engineer, General Director and General Designer of the JSC NPO Molniya, lead developer of the Russian Spiral and Shuttle Buran programme, Doctor of Science, Hero of Socialist Labour, laureate of Lenin Prize (1962) and State Prizes (1950, 1952).", "Q5437668": "Father Yod or YaHoWha, born James Edward Baker (July 4, 1922 \u2013 August 25, 1975), was the American owner of one of the country's first health food restaurants, on the Sunset Strip in Los Angeles. He founded a spiritual commune in the Hollywood Hills known as the Source Family. The Source Family was heavily influenced by the teachings of Yogi Bhajan and the astrological age of Aquarius. The Family practiced communal living in Southern California and later in Hawaii. He was also lead singer of the commune's experimental psychedelic rock band, Ya Ho Wha 13.", "Q225909": "Dingolfing is a town in southern Bavaria, Germany. It is the seat of the Landkreis (district) Dingolfing-Landau.", "Q90882": "Arman \u0130nci (born February 4, 1991) is a Turkish-German actor.", "Q522597": "Lincoln Edward Davis (born September 13, 1943) is the former U.S. Representative for Tennessee's 4th congressional district. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One.", "Q9438": "Saint Thomas Aquinas (; Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, lit. 'Thomas of Aquino'; 1225 \u2013 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church. An immensely influential philosopher, theologian, and jurist in the tradition of scholasticism, he is also known within the latter as the Doctor Angelicus and the Doctor Communis. The name Aquinas identifies his ancestral origins in the county of Aquino in present-day Lazio, Italy. He was the foremost classical proponent of natural theology and the father of Thomism; of which he argued that reason is found in God. His influence on Western thought is considerable, and much of modern philosophy developed or opposed his ideas, particularly in the areas of ethics, natural law, metaphysics, and political theory.\nUnlike many currents in the Church of the time, Thomas embraced several ideas put forward by Aristotle\u2014whom he called \"the Philosopher\"\u2014and attempted to synthesize Aristotelian philosophy with the principles of Christianity.His best-known works are the Disputed Questions on Truth (1256\u20131259), the Summa contra Gentiles (1259\u20131265), and the unfinished but massively influential Summa Theologica a.k.a. Summa Theologiae (1265\u20131274). His commentaries on Scripture and on Aristotle also form an important part of his body of work. Furthermore, Thomas is distinguished for his eucharistic hymns, which form a part of the Church's liturgy. The Catholic Church honors Thomas Aquinas as a Saint and regards him as the model teacher for those studying for the priesthood, and indeed the highest expression of both natural reason and speculative theology. In modern times, under papal directives, the study of his works was long used as a core of the required program of study for those seeking ordination as priests or deacons, as well as for those in religious formation and for other students of the sacred disciplines (philosophy, Catholic theology, church history, liturgy, and canon law).Saint Thomas Aquinas is considered one of the Catholic Church's greatest theologians and philosophers. Pope Benedict XV declared: \"This (Dominican) Order ... acquired new luster when the Church declared the teaching of Thomas to be her own and that Doctor, honored with the special praises of the Pontiffs, the master and patron of Catholic schools.\" The English philosopher Anthony Kenny considers Thomas to be \"one of the dozen greatest philosophers of the western world\".", "Q329841": "Pan Yue (Chinese: \u6f58\u5cb3; pinyin: P\u0101n Yu\u00e8; born April 1960) is executive vice president of the Central Academy of Socialism in Beijing (rank equivalent of minister). An environmental journalist-turned-activist, Pan has spent much of his public career agitating for environmental causes, for which he has gained international recognition. He was the recipient of the 2010 Ramon Magsaysay Award. He served as Vice Minister of Environmental Protection between 2008 and 2015.", "Q1064": "Alessandro Francesco Tommaso Antonio Manzoni (UK: , US: , Italian: [ales\u02c8sandro man\u02c8dzo\u02d0ni]; 7 March 1785 \u2013 22 May 1873) was an Italian poet, novelist and philosopher.\nHe is famous for the novel The Betrothed (orig. Italian: I promessi sposi) (1827), generally ranked among the masterpieces of world literature. The novel is also a symbol of the Italian Risorgimento, both for its patriotic message and because it was a fundamental milestone in the development of the modern, unified Italian language. Manzoni also contributed to the stabilization of the modern Italian language and helped to insure linguistic unity throughout Italy. He was an influential proponent of Liberal Catholicism in Italy.\n\n", "Q392769": "Agent trouble is a 1987 French film directed by Jean-Pierre Mocky and starring Catherine Deneuve. It is based on the novel The Man Who Loved Zoos by Malcolm Bosse. The film won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role, and was nominated for Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor and Best Music.", "Q490457": "Rendsburg (Danish: Rendsborg) is a town on the River Eider and the Kiel Canal in the central part of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the capital of the Kreis (district) of Rendsburg-Eckernf\u00f6rde. As of 2006, it had a population of 28,476.", "Q963156": "J\u00f3zsef Gregor (8 August 1940 - 27 October 2006) was a renowned Hungarian bass-baritone/basso buffo who enjoyed success first in Hungary, then in France, Belgium and Canada, and finally in the United States. J\u00f3zsef Gregor was born in R\u00e1kosliget, a small town that is now part of Budapest. He studied violin for ten years and then, voice at the Liszt Academy in Budapest for one year but did not graduate. He started singing with the Hungarian Army chorus in 1958 before becoming a soloist in National Theatre of Szeged in Hungary. In Europe he sang in many opera houses, including Vlaamse Opera and La Scala in Milan. Beginning in 1989, J\u00f3zsef Gregor appeared in the US with the Portland Opera and later with the Houston Grand Opera (with Cecilia Bartoli at her American debut) and the Metropolitan Opera (with Bryn Terfel). His most famous roles included Sarastro, Osmin, Falstaff, Don Pasquale, Dulcamara, Don Basilio, Don Bartolo, Don Magnifico, Boris Godunov, Varlaam, Philip II, Bluebeard etc., roles in masses and oratorios, musicals (Tevye, Caiaphas), and songs. He died in Szeged of gastric cancer.\nJ\u00f3zsef Gregor made many recordings. They were with Arts Music, Sony Classical and, particularly, the Hungarian state label Hungaroton. In 1996, he met Andras Ruszanov who wrote a Hungarian lyrics version of Comme d'habitude / My Way for him. J\u00f3zsef Gregor went to a studio and made a record this song titled Az \u00e9n utam directed by P\u00e9ter Wolf. J\u00f3zsef Gregor performed Az \u00e9n utam in one of the most popular tv show in Budapest, since then this version has been permanently on the playlists of numerous radio stations in Hungary.", "Q261193": "Alison Doody (born 11 November 1966) is an Irish actress and model. After making her feature film debut with a small part in Bond film A View to a Kill (1985), she went on to play Nazi-sympathising archaeologist Elsa Schneider in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989). Other roles include Siobhan Donavan in A Prayer for the Dying (1987), Charlotte in Taffin (1988) and Rebecca Flannery in Major League II (1994).", "Q2669079": "Alexander Roy (born November 23, 1971) is an American writer, podcaster, TV host and rally race driver who has set various endurance driving records, including the US \"Cannonball Run\" transcontinental driving record, which he and Dave Maher broke in 2007 in 31 hours and 4 minutes, featured in the 2019 documentary APEX: The Secret Race Across America. On April 1, 2015, Roy announced that he had completed the transcontinental driving record across the United States in 26 hours, 28 minutes. He subsequently revealed it to be an April Fools prank intended to highlight the lack of fact checking in online media.", "Q174526": "Cyberpunk is a subgenre of science fiction in a dystopian futuristic setting that tends to focus on a \"combination of low-life and high tech\" featuring advanced technological and scientific achievements, such as artificial intelligence and cybernetics, juxtaposed with a degree of breakdown or radical change in the social order. Much of cyberpunk is rooted in the New Wave science fiction movement of the 1960s and 1970s, when writers like Philip K. Dick, Roger Zelazny, John Brunner, J. G. Ballard, Philip Jos\u00e9 Farmer and Harlan Ellison examined the impact of drug culture, technology, and the sexual revolution while avoiding the utopian tendencies of earlier science fiction.\nComics exploring cyberpunk themes began appearing as early as Judge Dredd, first published in 1977. Released in 1984, William Gibson's influential debut novel Neuromancer would help solidify cyberpunk as a genre, drawing influence from punk subculture and early hacker culture. Other influential cyberpunk writers included Bruce Sterling and Rudy Rucker. The Japanese cyberpunk subgenre began in 1982 with the debut of Katsuhiro Otomo's manga series Akira, with its 1988 anime film adaptation later popularizing the subgenre.\nEarly films in the genre include Ridley Scott's 1982 film Blade Runner, one of several of Philip K. Dick's works that have been adapted into films. The films Johnny Mnemonic (1995) and New Rose Hotel (1998), both based upon short stories by William Gibson, flopped commercially and critically. The Matrix trilogy (1999-2003) were some of the most successful cyberpunk films. More recent additions to this genre include Blade Runner 2049 (2017), a sequel to the original 1982 film, as well as Upgrade (2018), Alita: Battle Angel (2019) based on the 1990s Japanese manga Battle Angel Alita, and the 2018 Netflix TV series Altered Carbon.", "Q27190": "Proto-punk (or protopunk) is the rock music played by garage bands from the 1960s to mid-1970s that presaged the punk rock movement. The phrase is a retrospective label; the musicians involved were generally not originally associated with each other, and came from a variety of backgrounds and styles, but together they anticipated many of punk's musical and thematic attributes.", "Q95722": "Fritz Fiedler (born Potsdam 9 January 1899: died Schliersee 8 July 1972), was an automotive engineer. His projects included the BMW 328 sports car, the ex-BMW Bristol straight-six engine, and the BMW New Class sedan.", "Q57477": "Daniel Kehlmann (born 13 January 1975) is a German-language novelist and playwright of both Austrian and German nationality. His novel Die Vermessung der Welt (translated into English by Carol Brown Janeway as Measuring the World, 2006) is the best-selling book in the German language since Patrick S\u00fcskind's Perfume was released in 1985. According to The New York Times, it was the world's second best-selling novel in 2006. All his subsequent novels reached the number one spot on Germany's Spiegel bestseller list and were translated into English. He collaborated with Jonathan Franzen and Paul Reitter on Franzen's 2013 book The Kraus Project. Kehlmann's play The Mentor, translated by Christopher Hampton, opened at Theatre Royal, Bath, in April 2017 starring F. Murray Abraham and transferred to the London West End in July 2017. In October 2017, his play Christmas Eve, also translated by Christopher Hampton, premiered at the Theatre Royal. His novella You Should Have Left was adapted into a movie starring Kevin Bacon and Amanda Seyfried. His novel Tyll, which sold more than 600.000 copies in German alone and is due to be published in the US in February 2020, is currently being adapted into a TV series by Netflix.", "Q473914": "Ibiza (Spanish: [i\u02c8\u03b2i\u03b8a]; Catalan: Eivissa [\u0259j\u02c8vis\u0259]) is a city and municipality located on the southeast coast of the island of Ibiza in the Balearic Islands autonomous community.", "Q78494": "Arthur Koestler, (UK: , US: ; German: [\u02c8k\u0153stl\u0250]; Hungarian: K\u00f6sztler Art\u00far; 5 September 1905 \u2013 1 March 1983) was a Hungarian British author and journalist. Koestler was born in Budapest and, apart from his early school years, was educated in Austria. In 1931, Koestler joined the Communist Party of Germany, but he resigned in 1938 because Stalinism disillusioned him. In 1940, he published his novel Darkness at Noon, an anti-totalitarian work that gained him international fame. Over the next 43 years, from his residence in Britain, Koestler espoused many political causes and wrote novels, memoirs, biographies, and numerous essays. In 1968 he was awarded the Sonning Prize \"for [his] outstanding contribution to European culture\", and in 1972 he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). In 1976, he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and in 1979 with terminal leukaemia. In 1983 he and his wife committed suicide together at their home in London.", "Q500050": "Cross country running is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain such as dirt or grass. Sometimes the runners are referred to as harriers. The course, typically 4\u201312 kilometres (2.5\u20137.5 mi) long, may include surfaces of grass, and earth, pass through woodlands and open country, and include hills, flat ground and sometimes gravel road. It is both an individual and a team sport; runners are judged on individual times and teams by a points-scoring method. Both men and women of all ages compete in cross country, which usually takes place during autumn and winter, and can include weather conditions of rain, sleet, snow or hail, and a wide range of temperatures.\nCross country running is one of the disciplines under the umbrella sport of athletics, and is a natural terrain version of long-distance track and road running. Although open-air running competitions are pre-historic, the rules and traditions of cross country racing emerged in Britain. The English championship became the first national competition in 1876 and the International Cross Country Championships was held for the first time in 1903. Since 1973 the foremost elite competition has been the IAAF World Cross Country Championships.", "Q434487": "Charles Ezra Daniel (November 11, 1895 \u2013 September 13, 1964) was a United States Senator from South Carolina and founder of Daniel International Corporation.Born in Elberton, Georgia, he moved with his family to Anderson, South Carolina in 1898. He attended the public schools, was a cadet at The Citadel (Charleston) from 1916 to 1918 and during the First World War served as a lieutenant in the infantry from 1917 to 1919. He was a businessman with interests in construction, banking, building supplies, telecommunications, insurance, and airlines, and was a life trustee of Clemson College and a member of the board of South Carolina Foundation of Independent Colleges.\nHe and R. Hugh Daniel co-founded Daniel International Construction Corporation, which, at one time, was the largest construction company in the world. The corporation was based in Greenville, South Carolina. In 1963 he was given the \"Industrialist of the Year\" award by President Kennedy.\nDaniel was appointed, on September 6, 1954, as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Burnet R. Maybank, and served from September 6, 1954, until his resignation December 23, 1954; he was not a candidate for election to fill the vacancy. He resumed management of his business interests and in 1964 died in Greenville; interment was in Springwood Cemetery.", "Q258712": "Scissors is a 1991 American psychological thriller film directed by Frank De Felitta and starring Sharon Stone, Ronny Cox, and Steve Railsback.The plot centers around the life of Angela Anderson (Stone), a sexually repressed woman who becomes trapped in a mysterious apartment.", "Q47664": "Catherine Zeta-Jones (; born 25 September 1969) is a Welsh actress. Born and raised in Swansea, Zeta-Jones aspired to be an actress from a young age. As a child, she played roles in the West End productions of the musicals Annie and Bugsy Malone. She studied musical theatre at the Arts Educational Schools, London and made her stage breakthrough with a leading role in a 1987 production of 42nd Street. Her screen debut came in the unsuccessful French-Italian film 1001 Nights (1990), and she went on to find greater success as a regular in the British television series The Darling Buds of May (1991\u20131993). Dismayed at being typecast as the token pretty girl in British films, Zeta-Jones relocated to Los Angeles.\nZeta-Jones established herself in Hollywood with roles that highlighted her sex appeal, such as in the action film The Mask of Zorro (1998) and the heist film Entrapment (1999). She received acclaim for her performances as a vengeful pregnant woman in Traffic (2000) and a murderous singer in the musical Chicago (2002); for the latter she won Academy and BAFTA Awards for Best Supporting Actress. She starred in high-profile films for much of the decade, including the black comedy Intolerable Cruelty (2003), the heist film Ocean's Twelve (2004), the comedy The Terminal (2004), and the romantic comedy No Reservations (2007). Parts in smaller-scale features were followed by a decrease in workload, during which she returned to stage and played an ageing actress in A Little Night Music (2009), winning a Tony Award. Zeta-Jones continued to work intermittently in the 2010s, starring in the psychological thriller Side Effects (2013) and the action film Red 2 (2013), and portrayed actress Olivia de Havilland in the FX television series Feud (2017).\nZeta-Jones is the recipient of several accolades, including an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award and a Tony Award, and in 2010, she was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for her film and humanitarian endeavours. She supports various charities and causes, and is a prominent celebrity endorser of brands. Her struggle with depression and bipolar II disorder has been well documented by the media. She is married to American actor Michael Douglas, with whom she has two children.", "Q574": "East Timor ( (listen)) or Timor-Leste (; Tetum: Tim\u00f3r Lorosa'e), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica de Timor-Leste, Tetum: Rep\u00fablika Demokr\u00e1tika Tim\u00f3r-Leste), is a country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island surrounded by Indonesian West Timor. Australia is the country's southern neighbour, separated by the Timor Sea. The country's size is about 15,007 km2 (5,794 sq mi).East Timor was colonised by Portugal in the 16th century, and was known as Portuguese Timor until 28 November 1975, when the Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (Fretilin) declared the territory's independence. Nine days later, it was invaded and occupied by the Indonesian military, and was declared as the country's 27th province the following year. The Indonesian occupation of East Timor was characterised by a highly violent, decades-long conflict between separatist groups (especially Fretilin) and the Indonesian military.\nIn 1999, following the United Nations-sponsored act of self-determination, Indonesia relinquished control of the territory. East Timor became the first new sovereign state of the 21st century on 20 May 2002 and joined the United Nations and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. In 2011, East Timor announced its intention to become the eleventh member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It is one of only two predominantly Christian nations in Southeast Asia, the other being the Philippines, as well as the only Asian country to be located completely in the Southern Hemisphere.\n\n", "Q134102": "The Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), sometimes shortened to the Francophonie (French: La Francophonie [la f\u0281\u0251\u0303k\u0254f\u0254ni]) but also called International Organisation of La Francophonie in English language context, is an international organization representing countries and regions where French is a lingua franca or customary language, where a significant proportion of the population are francophones (French speakers), or where there is a notable affiliation with French culture.\nThe organization comprises 88 member states and governments; of these, 54 states and governments are full members, 7 are associate members and 27 are observers. The term francophonie (with a lowercase \"f\"), or francosphere (often capitalized in English), also refers to the global community of French-speaking peoples, comprising a network of private and public organizations promoting equal ties among countries where French people or France played a significant historical role, culturally, militarily, or politically.\nFrench geographer On\u00e9sime Reclus, brother of \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, coined the word Francophonie in 1880 to refer to the community of people and countries using the French language. Francophonie was then coined a second time by L\u00e9opold S\u00e9dar Senghor, founder of the N\u00e9gritude movement, in the review Esprit in 1962, who assimilated it into Humanism.The modern organisation was created in 1970. Its motto is \u00e9galit\u00e9, compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9, solidarit\u00e9 (\"equality, complementarity, and solidarity\"), a deliberate allusion to France's motto libert\u00e9, \u00e9galit\u00e9, fraternit\u00e9. Starting as a small club of northern French-speaking countries, the Francophonie has since evolved into a global organization whose numerous branches cooperate with its member states in the fields of culture, science, economy, justice, and peace.", "Q172157": "Winchester is a city and the county town of Hampshire, England. The city lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government district, at the western end of the South Downs National Park, on the River Itchen. It is 60 miles (97 km) south-west of London and 14 miles (23 km) from Southampton, the closest other city. At the 2011 Census, Winchester had a population of 45,184. The wider City of Winchester district, which includes towns such as Alresford and Bishop's Waltham, has a population of 116,595.Winchester developed from the Roman town of Venta Belgarum, which in turn developed from an Iron Age oppidum. Winchester's major landmark is Winchester Cathedral, one of the largest cathedrals in Europe, with the distinction of having the longest nave and overall length of all Gothic cathedrals in Europe. The city is home to the University of Winchester and Winchester College, the oldest public school in the United Kingdom still using its original buildings.", "Q181034": "Laird Koenig (born September 24, 1927) is an American author. His best-known work is The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane, a novel published in 1974. The novel was adapted into a film of the same name starring Jodie Foster. He also wrote a play based on the novel.", "Q26265": "Cool World is a 1992 American live-action/animated fantasy-comedy film directed by Ralph Bakshi, and starring Kim Basinger, Gabriel Byrne and Brad Pitt. It tells the story of a cartoonist who finds himself in the animated world he thinks he created, where he is seduced by one of the characters, a comic strip vamp who wants to be real. \nCool World marked Bakshi's return to feature films after nine years. The film was originally pitched as a live-action/animated horror film about an underground cartoonist who fathers an illegitimate half-real/half-cartoon daughter, who hates herself for what she is and tries to kill her parents. During production, Bakshi's original screenplay was rewritten by Frank Mancuso Jr. in collaboration with Michael Grais and Mark Victor to change it from an R rated film to a PG-13 per studio directive. Reviews praised the film's visuals, soundtrack and mostly the animation but criticized the story and characters, as well as the combination of live-action and animation, which some critics felt was unconvincing. The film eventually grossed only half its production budget.", "Q1320321": "John James \"Honest John\" Patterson (August 8, 1830 \u2013 September 28, 1912) was a businessman and United States Senator from South Carolina.", "Q189468": "Zenas Ferry Moody (May 27, 1832 \u2013 March 14, 1917) was the seventh Governor of Oregon from 1882 to 1887.", "Q672495": "Lago di Livigno or Lago del Gallo is a reservoir in the Livigno valley. The reservoir is mostly in Italy whereas the Punt dal Gall arch dam is crossed by the border with Switzerland (Zernez, Grisons).\nThe reservoir's surface area is 4.71 km\u00b2.\nThe reservoir has a capacity of 164 million m\u00b3. Its minimum and maximum water levels above sea level are at 1,700 metres and 1,805 metres respectively. Since its construction, this reservoir had been off-limits for any activity, such as wind-surfing or rowing, until the summer of 2005, when Italy's National Rowing team was authorized to train on the lake.", "Q1339670": "Gil Shaham (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc \u05e9\u05d7\u05dd; born February 19, 1971) is an American violinist of Israeli Jewish descent.", "Q66641": "Sommeri is a municipality in the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q115127": "Karl Sch\u00fcgerl (22 June 1927 \u2013 20 October 2018) was a Hungarian-German chemical engineer. He was a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He also was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Budapest University. In 1992 vol. 46 of the Springer book series Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology was dedicated to Karl Sch\u00fcgerl's 65-th birthday. Sch\u00fcgerl was awarded the DECHEMA Medal in 1997.\n\n", "Q954711": "Florencia Abbate (born December 24, 1976 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine writer, poet and journalist. She is one of the founders of the feminist collective Ni una menos.\nShe studied literature at the Universidad de Buenos Aires and has worked for different media, such as \"La Naci\u00f3n\", \"Perfil\", \"P\u00e1gina 12\" or \"El pa\u00eds\" among others.\nShe was a participating author of the 2004 editor's week in Buenos Aires.\nIn 2007, she spent a \"virtual year\" in Hamilton, Canada.", "Q76452": "Ursula \"Uschi\" Obermaier (September 24, 1946) is a former fashion model and actress associated with the 1968 left-wing movement in Germany. She is considered an iconic sex symbol of the so-called \"1968 generation\" and the protests of 1968.", "Q3840": "Velbert is a large town in the district of Mettmann, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The city is renowned worldwide for the production of locks and fittings.", "Q266617": "Caterina Caselli (born 10 April 1946 in Modena) is an Italian record producer, music executive, singer, bass player and actress.\nCaselli was born in Modena but grew up in Sassuolo. She started her music career by playing bass in local clubs. \nIn 1966 she debuted in the Sanremo Festival with \"Nessuno mi pu\u00f2 giudicare\", a song discarded by Adriano Celentano, scoring a notable success. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. Caselli also had considerable success with an Italian cover of the David McWilliams song \"Days of Pearly Spencer\" called \"Il volto della vita\". Her first album, Casco d'oro (Golden Bob), was titled after a nickname given to her by the music press. In 1966 she scored another domestic hit with the song \"Perdono\u201d. \nIn 1968 Caselli enjoyed further success with a dynamic version of the Paolo Conte-penned tune \u201cInsieme a te non ci sto pi\u00f9\". In 2006, Caselli recorded a new version of the song for the soundtrack of the Michele Soavi's neo-noir film The Goodbye Kiss. This version won the David di Donatello Award for Best Song.In 1970 she married Piero Sugar, head of her music label CGD. Caselli started working with her husband, eventually becoming president of Sugar Music, and retired from her performing career. She discovered and recorded artists such as Andrea Bocelli, Giuni Russo, Elisa, Negramaro and Piccola Orchestra Avion Travel.\nIn 1983 she was lured out of retirement when she agreed to record \"Amico \u00e8\" with Dario Baldan Bembo. The song peaked at number 5 in the Italian charts. \n\n", "Q454398": "The Smurfs is a 2011 American 3D live-action/computer-animated comedy film loosely based on the comics series of the same name created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo. It was directed by Raja Gosnell and stars Neil Patrick Harris, Jayma Mays, Sof\u00eda Vergara, and Hank Azaria, with the voices of Jonathan Winters, Katy Perry, George Lopez, Anton Yelchin, Fred Armisen, and Alan Cumming. It is the first live-action/animated film produced by Sony Pictures Animation, and the first of two live-action/animated Smurfs feature films. The film tells the story of the Smurfs as they get lost in New York, and try to find a way to get back home before Gargamel catches them.\nAfter five years of negotiations, Jordan Kerner bought the rights in 2002, and the film entered development with Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies, until Columbia Pictures and Sony Pictures Animation obtained the film rights in 2008. Filming began in March 2010 in New York City.\nAfter having the release date changed three times, Columbia Pictures released The Smurfs on July 29, 2011. The film received generally negative reviews from critics, but was a box office success, grossing $564 million worldwide on a $110 million budget, making this Sony Pictures Animation's most commercially successful film to-date. A sequel, titled The Smurfs 2, was released July 31, 2013.", "Q231997": "Sadako Sasaki (\u4f50\u3005\u6728 \u798e\u5b50, Sasaki Sadako, January 7, 1943 \u2013 October 25, 1955) was a Japanese girl who became a victim of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima when she was two years old. Though severely irradiated, she survived for another ten years, becoming one of the most widely known hibakusha \u2013 a Japanese term meaning \"bomb-affected person\". She is remembered through the story of the one thousand origami cranes she folded before her death, and is to this day a symbol of the innocent victims of nuclear warfare.", "Q961972": "Matthew White Ridley, 5th Viscount Ridley (born 7 February 1958) is a British journalist and businessman. Ridley is best known for his writings on science, the environment, and economics. He has written several science books including The Red Queen: Sex and the Evolution of Human Nature (1994), Genome (1999), The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves (2010) and The Evolution of Everything: How Ideas Emerge (2015). He publishes a blog, and has been a regular contributor to The Times newspaper.\nRidley is a libertarian, and a staunch supporter of Brexit. Since 2013, he has been a Conservative hereditary peer, with a seat in the House of Lords.Ridley was chairman of the UK bank Northern Rock from 2004 to 2007, during which period Northern Rock experienced the first run on a British bank in 150 years. Ridley resigned and the bank was bailed out by the UK government leading to the nationalisation of Northern Rock.\n\n", "Q121282": "Lotti Huber (16 October 1912 - 31 May 1998) was a German actress. She appeared in more than twenty films from 1978 to 1999.", "Q421707": "Jerome Bernard Orbach (October 20, 1935 \u2013 December 28, 2004) was an American actor and singer, described at the time of his death as \"one of the last bona fide leading men of the Broadway musical and global celebrity on television\" and a \"versatile stage and film actor\".Orbach's professional career began on the New York stage, both on and off-Broadway, where he created roles such as El Gallo in the original off-Broadway run of The Fantasticks (1960) and became the first performer to sing that show's standard \"Try to Remember\"; Billy Flynn in the original Chicago (1975\u20131977), and Julian Marsh in the original 42nd Street (1980\u20131985). Nominated for multiple Tony Awards, Orbach won for his performance as Chuck Baxter in Promises, Promises (1968\u20131972).Later in his career, Orbach played supporting roles in films such as Prince of the City (1981), Dirty Dancing (1987), Crimes and Misdemeanors (1989) and Disney's Beauty and the Beast (1991). He also made frequent guest appearances on television, including a recurring role on Murder, She Wrote (1985\u20131991) as private detective Harry McGraw. However, he gained worldwide fame for his starring role as NYPD Detective Lennie Briscoe on the long-running NBC crime drama Law & Order (1992\u20132004).", "Q370707": "Pelle the Conqueror (Danish: Pelle Erobreren, Swedish: Pelle Er\u00f6vraren) is a 1987 epic film co-written and directed by Bille August, based upon the noted 1910 novel of the same name by Danish writer Martin Andersen Nex\u00f8. The film tells the story of two Swedish immigrants to Denmark, a father and son, who try to build a new life for themselves. It stars Pelle Hvenegaard as the young Pelle, with Max von Sydow as his father, and also features Axel Str\u00f8bye and Astrid Villaume.\nA co-production of Denmark and Sweden, August chose to adapt Boyhood, the first part of Nex\u00f8's novel, seeking to make an epic and citing the novel's status as essential reading in Denmark. Pelle Hvenegaard was 11 when he was cast, after some 3,000 children auditioned. Like many other boys in Denmark, he was named by his family for the novel's eponymous character.\nThe film screened at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival and New York Film Festival. It was critically acclaimed, winning the Palme d'Or and the 1988 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and numerous other honours.", "Q6938": "Hof is a town on the banks of the Saale in the northeastern corner of the German state of Bavaria, in the Franconian region, at the Czech border and the forested Fichtelgebirge and Frankenwald upland regions.\nThe town has approximately 45,000 inhabitants, the surrounding district an additional 95,000.The town of Hof is enclosed by, but does not belong to the Bavarian district of Hof; it is nonetheless the district's administrative seat.\nThe town's most important work of art, the Hofer altar, dates from about 1465 and is exhibited in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich today. The Heidenreich organ in the parish church of St. Michaelis, completed in 1834, is considered one of Bavaria's finest.\nHof is known for two local \"delicacies\", namely Schnitz, a kind of hotpot, and sausages boiled in a portable, coal-fired brass cauldron, which are sold in the streets by the sausage man (W\u00e4rschtlamo in the local dialect). There is also a particularly strong beer (Schlappenbier), which is available only on the first Monday after Trinity Sunday (Schlappentag). This tradition dates back to the establishment of the town militia which forced all shooters to take part in a special shooting training each year. To avoid penalties, a lot of shooters rushed out to the training area in the morning of the very last possible day, without even enough time to get dressed and thus still wearing their clogs (Schlappen).\nThe Hof Theatre (Theater Hof) is a multi-purpose theatre whose construction was completed in 1994. It serves as an opera house and drama theatre, and hosts the city's ballet company and a youth theatre. The Hofer Symphoniker, Hof's symphony orchestra, plays as opera orchestra at the theatre and gives concerts at the Freiheitshalle Hof.", "Q1362112": "Giuseppe Volpi, 1st Count of Misurata (19 November 1877 \u2013 16 November 1947) was an Italian businessman and politician.\nCount Volpi developed utilities which brought electricity to Venice, northeast Italy, and the Balkans by 1903. In 1911\u20131912, he acted as a negotiator in ending the Italo-Turkish War. He was the governor of the colony of Tripolitania from 1921 until 1925.\nAs the Kingdom of Italy's Finance Minister from 1925 until 1928, Volpi successfully negotiated Italy's World War I debt repayment with the United States and with the United Kingdom, and pegged the value of the lira to the value of gold. He was replaced in July 1928 by Antonio Moscini.Volpi also founded the Venice Film Festival. His son was automobile racing manager Giovanni Volpi. His grand daughter is Countess Maria Cicogna, The New York Times describes her as \"the first major female Italian film producer\" and \"one of the most powerful women in European cinema\".", "Q565637": "The Untersee (German for Lower Lake), also known as Lower Lake Constance, is the smaller of the two lakes that together form Lake Constance and forms part of the boundary between Switzerland and Germany.", "Q202385": "Sir Arnold Wesker (24 May 1932 \u2013 12 April 2016) was an English dramatist. He was the author of 50 plays, four volumes of short stories, two volumes of essays, much journalism and a book on the subject, a children's book, some poetry, and other assorted writings. His plays have been translated into 20 languages and performed worldwide.", "Q32210": "Manuel Mondrag\u00f3n (born Ixtlahuaca, State of Mexico, 1859 - died San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain, 1922) was a Mexican military officer who played a prominent role in the Mexican Revolution. He graduated from the Mexican Military Academy as an artillery officer in 1880. He designed the world\u2019s first gas-operated semi-automatic rifle, the M1908 rifle, and a 75mm howitzer. General Mondrag\u00f3n was the father of a model, artist and poet Carmen Mondrag\u00f3n, better known as Nahui Ollin.", "Q1237649": "Gregory Herbert (May 19, 1947 \u2013 January 31, 1978) was an American jazz saxophonist and flautist.\nHerbert started on alto saxophone at age 12. In 1964 he did a short stint in the Duke Ellington Orchestra, then studied at Temple University from 1965 to 1971. While a student he recorded with Pat Martino in 1968. From 1971 to 1975 he toured with Woody Herman, then played with Harold Danko in 1975 and the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra from 1975 to 1977. Afterwards, he played briefly with Chuck Israels and Blood, Sweat and Tears.\nAdditionally, Herbert appeared on Chet Baker's Once Upon a Summertime in 1977 along with Harold Danko, Ron Carter and Mel Lewis.Herbert died of a heroin overdose in Amsterdam in 1978. He never recorded a session as a leader.", "Q108176": "Belhe Zaimo\u011flu (born 1968) is a German actress of Turkish descent. She is the sister of Feridun Zaimo\u011flu.", "Q110739": "Santa Clara County, officially the County of Santa Clara, is California's 6th most populous county, with a population of 1,781,642, as of the 2010 census. The county seat and largest city is San Jose, the 10th most populous city in the United States, California's 3rd most populous city and the most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area.\nHome to Silicon Valley, Santa Clara County is an economic center for high technology and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world (after Zurich, Switzerland and Oslo, Norway), according to the Brookings Institution. The county's concentration of wealth, primarily due to the tech industry, has made it the most affluent county on the West Coast of the United States and one of the most affluent places in America.Santa Clara County is part of the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. Located on the southern coast of San Francisco Bay, the urbanized Santa Clara Valley within Santa Clara County is also known as Silicon Valley. Santa Clara is the most populous county in the San Francisco Bay Area and in Northern California.\nBeginning Tuesday March 17, 2020, residents have been ordered to shelter in place because of the Coronavirus pandemic.", "Q534478": "Remus R\u0103dule\u0163 (1904\u20131984) was a Romanian electrical engineer, who contributed to the development of the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary and theoretical electrotechnology. He served as president of International Electrotechnical Commission 1964 and 1967.", "Q232520": "Amy Frederica Brenneman (born June 22, 1964) is an American actress, writer, and producer.\nBrenneman rose to prominence after her performance as Detective Janice Licalsi in the ABC police drama series NYPD Blue (1993\u20131994), for which she was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards. She gained further recognition for starring in various films, including Heat (1995), Fear (1996), Daylight (1996), Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her (2000), Nine Lives (2005), and The Jane Austen Book Club (2007).\nBrenneman created and starred as Judge Amy Gray in the CBS drama series Judging Amy (1999\u20132005). For her performance, she was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards. Brenneman also had starring roles as Violet Turner in the Shonda Rhimes medical drama series Private Practice (2007\u20132013), and as Laurie Garvey on the HBO drama series The Leftovers (2014\u20132017).", "Q3902881": "Pier Giorgio Perotto (Turin, December 24, 1930 \u2013 Genoa, January 23, 2002) was an Italian electrical engineer and inventor. Working for the manufacturer Olivetti, he led a design team that built the Programma 101, one of the world\u2019s first programmable calculators.", "Q705609": "Art Kassel (c. 1904 - February 3, 1965) was an American singer-songwriter and saxophonist.", "Q525575": "M\u00f6ssingen is a town in the district of T\u00fcbingen, in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is situated north of the Swabian Jura, about 13 km south of T\u00fcbingen.", "Q4235858": "Yuriy Kosiuk (born 27 May 1968) is a Ukrainian billionaire, and CEO of the country's largest agricultural company MHP, and chairman of PJSC Myronivsky Hliboproduct.", "Q99695": "Volker Ullrich (born 1943) is a German historian, journalist and author.\n\n", "Q76334": "Boris Franz Becker (German pronunciation: [\u02c8bo\u02d0\u0281\u026as \u02c8b\u025bk\u0250]; born 22 November 1967) is a German former world No. 1 professional tennis player. He was successful from the start of his career, winning the first of his six major singles titles at age 17. His Grand Slam singles titles included three Wimbledons, two Australian Opens and one US Open. He also won five year-end championships, 13 Masters Series titles and an Olympic gold medal in doubles. In 1989 he was voted the Player of the Year by both the ATP and the ITF.\nAt times Becker struggled with his early success and fame, and his personal life has been turbulent. Since his playing career ended, he has engaged in numerous ventures, including coaching Novak Djokovic for three years, and working in the field of poker.", "Q61648": "Georg Gottfried Gervinus (20 May 1805 \u2013 18 March 1871) was a German literary and political historian.", "Q240808": "Maureen Ann \"Moe\" Tucker (born August 26, 1944) is an American musician and singer best known for having been the drummer for the New York City-based rock band the Velvet Underground.\n\n", "Q105452": "Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (; c. 89 or 88 BC \u2013 late 13 or early 12 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who formed the Second Triumvirate alongside Octavian and Mark Antony during the final years of the Roman Republic. Lepidus had previously been a close ally of Julius Caesar. He was also the last Pontifex Maximus before the Roman Empire.\nThough he was an able military commander and proved a useful partisan of Caesar, Lepidus has always been portrayed as the least influential member of the Triumvirate. He typically appears as a marginalised figure in depictions of the events of the era, most notably in Shakespeare's plays. While some scholars have endorsed this view, others argue that the evidence is insufficient to discount the distorting effects of propaganda by his opponents, principally Cicero and, later, Augustus.", "Q220124": "...e vennero in quattro per uccidere Sartana! is an Italian 1969 Spaghetti Western film directed by Demofilo Fidani.", "Q66127": "Manfred Stolpe (16 May 1936 \u2013 29 December 2019) was Federal Minister of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs of Germany from 2002 until 2005. Before, he was Ministerpr\u00e4sident of the state Brandenburg from 1990 until 2002.", "Q3054261": "An explosive device is a device that relies on the exothermic reaction of an explosive material to provide a violent release of energy.\nApplications of explosive devices include:\n\nBuilding implosion (demolition)\nExcavation\nExplosive forming\nExplosive welding\nMining\nMurder\nAssassination\nRiot control\nTerrorism\nWarTypes of explosive devices include:\n\nExplosive weapon\nAnti-personnel mine\nArtillery shells\nBomb\nGrenade\nImprovised explosive device\nLand mine\nNuclear explosive device\nUnexploded ordnance\nCar bomb\nLetter bomb\nStun grenade\nSome pyrotechnics\nFireworks\nExplosively pumped flux compression generator\nExplosive-driven ferroelectric generator", "Q104994": "Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of the U.S. state of California, is the most populous county in the United States, with more than 10 million inhabitants as of 2018. As such, it is the largest non\u2013state level government entity in the United States. Its population is larger than that of 41 individual U.S. states, as well as the combined population of the 10 least populous states. It is the third-largest metropolitan economy in the world, with a Nominal GDP of over $700 billion\u2014larger than the GDPs of countries such as Belgium and Norway. It has 88 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas and, at 4,083 square miles (10,570 km2), it is larger than the combined areas of Delaware and Rhode Island. The county is home to more than one-quarter of California residents and is one of the most ethnically-diverse counties in the U.S. Its county seat, Los Angeles, is also California's most populous city and the second most populous city in the U.S., with about 4 million residents.", "Q115641": "Simon Schwendener (10 February 1829 \u2013 27 May 1919) was a Swiss botanist who was a native of Buchs in the Canton of St. Gallen. \nIn 1856 he received his doctorate at the University of Zurich, where afterwards he was an assistant to Carl Wilhelm von N\u00e4geli (1817-1891). In 1860 he became a professor of botany at\nthe University of Munich, and in 1867 a professor of botany and director of the Botanical Gardens in Basel. In 1877 he succeeded Wilhelm Hofmeister (1824-1877) as professor of botany at the University of T\u00fcbingen, and from 1878 until his retirement in 1910, Schwendener was a professor at the University of Berlin.\nSimon Schwendener is remembered for his investigations of plant anatomy and physiology, being interested in the inter-relationship between a plant's construction and its functionality. He took a mechanistic approach to his botanical studies, believing that a plant's anatomical structure conformed to principles of mechanics. He conducted extensive research on the mechanics of sap ascent, the construction of a leaf's pulvinus, the positioning of a plants' leaves, and the inner-workings between stomata and its guard cells.\nIn 1867 Schwendener announced to the scientific world his hypothesis that lichen was formed by two separate organisms, a fungus and an alga. At the time his theory was largely rejected, but afterwards proven to be factual. During his long career he had several renowned students and assistants, including Carl Correns, Gottlieb Haberlandt, Richard Kolkwitz, Emil Heinricher, Max Westermaier, Georg Volkens and Otto Heinrich Warburg.", "Q259381": "The Dream Syndicate is an American alternative rock band from Los Angeles, California, originally active from 1981 to 1989, and reunited since 2012. The band is associated with neo-psychedelia and the Paisley Underground music movement; of the bands in that movement, according to the Los Angeles Times, the Dream Syndicate \"rocked with the highest degree of unbridled passion and conviction.\" Though never commercially successful, the band met with considerable acclaim, especially for its songwriting and guitar playing. Bandleader Steve Wynn reformed the band in 2012, and a fifth studio album was released in February 2017.", "Q103023": "Karl Michael Blessinger (21 September 1888 in Ulm \u2013 13 March 1962 in Pullach, M\u00fcnchen) was a German composer.\nHe joined the Nazi Party in 1932.", "Q688539": "Rapperswil (Swiss German: [\u02c8r\u0251p\u02d0\u0259r\u0283\u02cc\u028bi\u02d0l] or [\u02c8r\u0251p\u02d0\u0259rs\u02cc\u028bi\u02d0l]; short: Rappi) is a former municipality and since January 2007 part of the municipality of Rapperswil-Jona in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland, located at the east side of the Lake Zurich.", "Q61890": "Marbach am Neckar (population approximately 15,000) is a town on the river Neckar in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. The nearest larger cities are Ludwigsburg and Stuttgart (ca. 25 km).\nMarbach is known as the birthplace of the classical poet and dramatist, Friedrich Schiller. Although Schiller moved away as a child, he is commemorated in Marbach by the Schiller-Nationalmuseum und Deutsches Literaturarchiv (Schiller National Museum and German Literature Archive), one of the main archives of literature history in the country. In 2006, the Literaturmuseum der Moderne (Museum of Modern Literature) was opened for public just next to the existing museum. The iconic and modern building was planned by British architect David Chipperfield. It displays and archives 20th-century literature. Notable original manuscripts include The Trial by Franz Kafka and Berlin Alexanderplatz by Alfred D\u00f6blin.\nThe town has a picturesque centre with several churches (the older one is from the 16th century) and many historical houses, including the house in which Schiller was born.\nMarbach (Neckar) station is on the Backnang\u2013Ludwigsburg railway and it used to be the terminus of line S 4 of the Stuttgart S-Bahn, which was extended to Backnang in 2013.", "Q206685": "Alberto Aleandro Uderzo (French: [alb\u025b\u0281 yd\u025b\u0281zo]; Italian: [u\u02c8d\u025brtso]; 25 April 1927 \u2013 24 March 2020) was a French comic book artist and scriptwriter. The son of Italian immigrants, he is best known as the co-creator and illustrator of the Ast\u00e9rix series in collaboration with Ren\u00e9 Goscinny. He also drew other comics such as Oumpah-pah, again with Goscinny.\nUderzo retired in September 2011.", "Q70745": "Felix Kracht (born 13 May 1912 in Krefeld \u20133 October 2002) was a German engineer.\nAfter graduating from the Technical University of Aachen, he put his theoretical knowledge into practice at the aeronautical association Flugwissenschaftliche Vereinigung Aachen (FVA) by building the performance glider FVA-10 \"Rheinland\". Kracht made a name for himself when in 1937 he crossed the Alps in this aircraft. He was sent to Deutsche Forschungsanstalt f\u00fcr Segelflug where he developed the DFS 228 glider and the experimental DFS 346 rocket-powered airplane.\nAfter the World War II, he went on to work in France with Nord Aviation before moving back to Germany to head Deutsche Airbus GmbH. Before joining Airbus he was especially known for co-ordinating French and German work on the Transall C-160 military transport aircraft. Felix Kracht joined the Airbus organisation in 1968 and was Airbus' first production director on the A300 programme. He focused on harnessing a broad selection of skills, eliminating redundancies, promoting trans-national collaboration and optimising a unique industrial organisation. Later he became the Senior Vice President and was responsible for production at the Toulouse site until his retirement in 1981. After his retirement, he often acted as an advisor to Airbus.\nHe died on Thursday 3 October 2002, at the age of 90 at Kirchweyhe near Bremen.", "Q750146": "Mela Lee is an American voice actress based in Los Angeles who voices characters on a number of animated series, films, television shows and video games. She is best known as the voice of Lifeline / Ajay Che in \u201cApex Legends\u201d and as the voice of Jade in Mortal Kombat 11. In anime, she voices lead characters Rin Tosaka, in Fate/stay night as well as Fate/stay night: Unlimited Blade Works and current film trilogy opener Heaven's Feel; Yuki Cross in Vampire Knight; Shinku the fifth Rozen Maiden doll in Rozen Maiden; and Erica Karisawa in the Durarara!! series, which was broadcast on Adult Swim. In animation, she is the voice of Tikki in Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir, which airs on Nickelodeon and Netflix. In video games, she voices Lifeline in \u201dApex Legends,\u201d Jade in Mortal Kombat 11, Rachel Alucard in the BlazBlue series, Tiki in the Fire Emblem series, Sharon Krueger and Scarlet in The Legend of Heroes: Trails of Cold Steel series, and Pallegina in the Pillars of Eternity series. She also does side voice acts in K-ON. One as a student then another as an assistant.", "Q1431063": "Nassef Onsi Sawiris (Coptic: \u2c9b\u2c81\u2ca5\u0304\u03e5 \u2c9f\u2c9b\u2ca5\u2c93 \u2ca5\u2c89\u2ca9\u2c8f\u2ca3\u2c9f\u2ca5; Egyptian Arabic: \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633\u200e; born in 1961) is an Egyptian billionaire businessman, the youngest of Onsi Sawiris' three sons (his brothers are Naguib and Samih). As of April 2019, his net worth was estimated to be $7.5 billion, and the fourth richest African in 2019, according to Forbes.", "Q2003010": "Joseph Strutt (1765\u20131844) was an English businessman and philanthropist, whose wealth came from the family textile business. A native of Derby, Strutt was a radical social reformer who made significant donations and founded several important institutions in the town, including donating the land for the creation of Derby Arboretum, England's first urban public park. He twice served as Mayor of Derby.", "Q271419": "Joy Page (November 9, 1924 \u2013 April 18, 2008) was an American actress best known for her role as the Bulgarian refugee Annina Brandel in Casablanca (1942).", "Q443196": "Xia Meng (simplified Chinese: \u590f\u68a6; traditional Chinese: \u590f\u5922; pinyin: Xi\u00e0 M\u00e8ng; 16 February 1933 \u2013 30 October 2016), a.k.a. Hsia Moon and Miranda Yang, born Yang Meng (Chinese: \u694a\u6fdb; pinyin: Y\u00e1ng M\u00e9ng), was a Hong Kong actress and film producer. She was a key figure of Hong Kong's Left Wing film scene.\nXia Meng's younger sister Yang Jie (\u6768\u6d01) played on the China women's national basketball team from 1954 to 1957.", "Q521707": "Diego Marani (born 1959 in Ferrara) is an Italian novelist, translator, and newspaper columnist. In 1996, while working as a translator for the Council of the European Union, he invented Europanto, a mock international auxiliary language.", "Q266165": "Aubrey Brain (12 July 1893 \u2013 21 September 1955) was a British horn player and teacher. He was the father of Dennis Brain.", "Q324424": "Robert Petway (c. 1903 \u2013 date of death unknown) was an American blues singer and guitarist. He recorded only 16 songs, but it has been said that he was an influence on many notable blues and rock musicians, including John Lee Hooker, Muddy Waters, and Jimi Hendrix. There is only one known picture of Petway, a publicity photo from 1941. His birth name may have been Pettyway, Petaway, or similar.", "Q70989": "Hugo Ball (German: [bal]; 22 February 1886 \u2013 14 September 1927) was a German author, poet, and essentially the founder of the Dada movement in European art in Z\u00fcrich in 1916. Among other accomplishments, he was a pioneer in the development of sound poetry.\n\n", "Q496967": "Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) is an intergovernmental organization of low-lying coastal and small island countries. Established in 1990, the main purpose of the alliance is to consolidate the voices of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to address global warming. AOSIS has been very active from its inception, putting forward the first draft text in the Kyoto Protocol negotiations as early as 1994. At the 2013 Warsaw climate change conference, AOSIS also pushed for the establishment of an international mechanism on loss and damages stressed by the wreckage of Supertyphoon Haiyan. As the existence of many AOSIS states are put at risk by climate change AOSIS has threatened lawsuits. The results of a recent review of the literature show that potential liability for climate change-related losses for the Alliance of Small Island States is over $570 trillion.\nMany of the member states were present at the December 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP15). Democracy Now! reported that members from the island state of Tuvalu interrupted a session of the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference on 10 December 2009 to demand that global temperature rise be limited to 1.5 \u00b0C instead of the proposed 2 \u00b0C.AOSIS has a membership of 39 states from all around the world, of which 37 are members of the United Nations while 2 (Cook Islands and Niue) participate within the United Nations, and an additional five states are observers. The alliance represents 28% of the developing countries, and 20% of the UN's total membership.", "Q689633": "The Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE, Chinese: \u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u9662; pinyin: Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3 G\u014dngch\u00e9ng Yu\u00e0n) is the national academy of the People's Republic of China for engineering. It was established in 1994 and is an institution of the State Council of China. The CAE and the Chinese Academy of Sciences are often referred to together as the \"Two Academies\". Its current president is Li Xiaohong.\nSince the establishment of CAE, entrusted by the relevant ministries and commissions, the Academy has offered consultancy to the State on major programs, planning, guidelines, and policies. With the incitation by various ministries of the central government as well as local governments, the Academy has organized its members to make surveys on the forefront, and to put forward strategic opinions and proposals. These entrusted projects have played an important role in maximizing the participation of the members in the macro decision-making of the State. In the meantime, the members, based on their own experiences and perspectives accumulated in a long term and in combination with international trends of the development of engineering science and technology, have regularly and actively put forward their opinions and suggestions.", "Q187337": "Zelda Rae Williams (born July 31, 1989) is an American actress, voice actress, director, producer, and writer. She is the daughter of late actor and comedian Robin Williams and film producer Marsha Garces Williams.", "Q1065809": "Florida International University (FIU) is a public research university in University Park, Florida. It is a member of the State University System of Florida. FIU is the first and only school in South Florida to achieve the \"Emerging Preeminence\" designation by the Florida Legislature.Founded in 1965, it has quickly grown to becoming the largest university in the Greater Miami region. It is the largest university in South Florida, the second-largest in Florida, and the fourth-largest in the United States by enrollment.The university is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity.\" FIU has 11 separate colleges and more than 40 centers, facilities, labs, and institutes that offer more than 190 programs of study, including professional school programs. It has an annual budget of over $1.5 billion and an annual economic impact of over $3.5 billion. The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).\nFIU's intercollegiate sports teams, the FIU Panthers, compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Conference USA (C-USA). FIU's varsity sports teams have won 5 athletic championships and Panther athletes have won various individual NCAA national championships.", "Q465637": "Anne Elisabeth Jane Claiborne (March 31, 1929 \u2013 June 26, 2007) was an American fashion designer and businesswoman. Her success was built upon stylish yet affordable apparel for career women featuring colorfully tailored separates that could be mixed and matched. Claiborne is best known for co-founding Liz Claiborne Inc., which in 1986 became the first company founded by a woman to make the Fortune 500 list. Claiborne was the first woman to become chair and CEO of a Fortune 500 company.", "Q1043170": "Carlos P\u00e1ez Vilar\u00f3 (1 November 1923 \u2013 24 February 2014) was a Uruguayan abstract artist, painter, potter, sculptor, muralist, writer, composer and constructor.\n\n", "Q36704": "Yugoslavia (; Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslavija / \u0408\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0430 [ju\u0261\u01d2sla\u02d0\u028bija]; Slovene: Jugoslavija [ju\u0261\u0254\u02c8sl\u00e0\u02d0\u028bija]; Macedonian: \u0408\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0430 [ju\u0261\u0254\u02c8s\u026bavija]; lit.\u2009'\"Southern Slav Land\"') was a country in Southeastern and Central Europe for most of the 20th century. It came into existence after World War I in 1918 under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by the merger of the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (it was formed from territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire) with the Kingdom of Serbia, and constituted the first union of the South Slavic people as a sovereign state, following centuries in which the region had been part of the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary. Peter I of Serbia was its first sovereign. The kingdom gained international recognition on 13 July 1922 at the Conference of Ambassadors in Paris. The official name of the state was changed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929.\nYugoslavia was invaded by the Axis powers on 6 April 1941. In 1943, a Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was proclaimed by the Partisan resistance. In 1944 King Peter II, then living in exile, recognised it as the legitimate government. The monarchy was subsequently abolished in November 1945. Yugoslavia was renamed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in 1946, when a communist government was established. It acquired the territories of Istria, Rijeka, and Zadar from Italy. Partisan leader Josip Broz Tito ruled the country as president until his death in 1980. In 1963, the country was renamed again, as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY).\nThe six constituent republics that made up the SFRY were the SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SR Croatia, SR Macedonia, SR Montenegro, SR Serbia, and SR Slovenia. Serbia contained two Socialist Autonomous Provinces, Vojvodina and Kosovo, which after 1974 were largely equal to the other members of the federation. After an economic and political crisis in the 1980s and the rise of nationalism, Yugoslavia broke up along its republics' borders, at first into five countries, leading to the Yugoslav Wars. From 1993 to 2017, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia tried political and military leaders from the former Yugoslavia for war crimes, genocide, and other crimes committed during those wars.\nAfter the breakup, the republics of Montenegro and Serbia formed a reduced federative state, Serbia and Montenegro, known officially until 2003 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). This state aspired to the status of sole legal successor to the SFRY, but those claims were opposed by the other former republics. Eventually, it accepted the opinion of the Badinter Arbitration Committee about shared succession and in 2003 its official name was changed to Serbia and Montenegro. This state dissolved when Montenegro and Serbia each became independent states in 2006, while Kosovo proclaimed its independence from Serbia in 2008.", "Q433471": "Vito Acconci (Italian: [\u02c8vi\u02d0to ak\u02c8kont\u0283i], ; January 24, 1940 \u2013 April 27, 2017) was an influential American performance, video and installation artist, whose diverse practice eventually included sculpture, architectural design, and landscape design. His foundational performance and video art was characterized by \"existential unease,\" exhibitionism, discomfort, transgression and provocation, as well as wit and audacity, and often involved crossing boundaries such as public\u2013private, consensual\u2013nonconsensual, and real world\u2013art world. His work is considered to have influenced artists including Laurie Anderson, Karen Finley, Bruce Nauman, and Tracey Emin, among others. Acconci was initially interested in radical poetry, but by the late 1960s, he began creating Situationist-influenced performances in the street or for small audiences that explored the body and public space. Two of his most famous pieces were Following Piece (1969), in which he selected random passersby on New York City streets and followed them for as long as he was able, and Seedbed (1972), in which he claimed that he masturbated while under a temporary floor at the Sonnabend Gallery, as visitors walked above and heard him speaking.In the late-1970s, he turned to sculpture, architecture and design, greatly increasing the scale of his work, if not his art world profile. Over the next two decades he developed public artworks and parks, airport rest areas, artificial islands and other architectural projects that frequently embraced participation, change and playfulness. Notable works of this period include: Personal Island, designed for Zwolle, the Netherlands (1994); Walkways Through the Wall at the Wisconsin Center, in Milwaukee, WI (1998); and Murinsel, for Graz, Austria (2003). Retrospectives of Acconci's work have been organized by the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam (1978) and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (1980), and his work is in numerous public collections, including those of the Museum of Modern Art and Whitney Museum of American Art. He has been recognized with fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts (1976, 1980, 1983, 1993), John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation (1979), and American Academy in Rome (1986). In addition to his art and design work, Acconci taught at many higher learning institutions. Acconci died on April 28, 2017 in Manhattan at age 77.", "Q270707": "Dorothy Parker (n\u00e9e Rothschild; August 22, 1893 \u2013 June 7, 1967) was an American poet, writer, critic, and satirist based in New York; she was best known for her wit, wisecracks, and eye for 20th-century urban foibles.\nFrom a conflicted and unhappy childhood, Parker rose to acclaim, both for her literary works published in such magazines as The New Yorker and as a founding member of the Algonquin Round Table. Following the breakup of the circle, Parker traveled to Hollywood to pursue screenwriting. Her successes there, including two Academy Award nominations, were curtailed when her involvement in left-wing politics resulted in her being placed on the Hollywood blacklist.\nDismissive of her own talents, she deplored her reputation as a \"wisecracker\". Nevertheless, both her literary output and reputation for sharp wit have endured.", "Q360266": "Melvin Ragin (December 8, 1950 \u2013 October 24, 2018), better known by the nickname \"Wah Wah Watson\", was an American guitarist and session musician famed for his skills with a wah-wah pedal.", "Q329100": "Seamus Liam Davey-Fitzpatrick (born December 29, 1998) is an American actor. His first film role was as Damien Thorn in the 2006 remake of the thriller The Omen.", "Q74537": "Stephanie Fey, who also publishes under the names Rebecca Abe, Stephanie Schuster and Ida Ding, (born 1967, in Starnberg) is a German writer and illustrator.", "Q2066688": "Pedro de Moren\u00e9s y \u00c1lvarez de Eulate, (born 17 September 1948) is a Spanish politician who was Minister of Defence and the current Ambassador of Spain to the United States of America. Prior to his appointment as Minister, he was President of Real Club de la Puerta de Hierro, from 2006 to 2011.\n\n", "Q430178": "Doctor Victor Von Doom is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist/co-plotter Jack Kirby, the character made his debut in The Fantastic Four #5 (July 1962). The monarch of the fictional nation Latveria, Doom is usually depicted both as a principal archenemy and ally of Mister Fantastic and the Fantastic Four, though he has come into conflict with other superheroes as well, including Spider-Man, Captain America, Iron Man, Thor, Doctor Strange, Black Panther, the X-Men, and the Avengers.\nDoctor Doom was ranked #4 by Wizard on its list of the 101 Greatest Villains of All Time and #3 on IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time. In a later article, IGN would declare Doom as Marvel's greatest villain, it based on the creature of the dark one was Darth Vader from Star Wars.The character has been substantially adapted from the comics into several forms of media, including television series, video games, and merchandise such as action figures and trading cards. Most notably, Doctor Doom has been portrayed in licensed Fantastic Four live-action feature films by Joseph Culp in Roger Corman's unreleased 1994 film; Julian McMahon in the 2005 film and its 2007 sequel; and Toby Kebbell in the 2015 film.\n\n", "Q127181": "Isaac Edward Holmes (April 6, 1796 \u2013 February 24, 1867) was a U.S. Representative from South Carolina.\n\n", "Q156778": "Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus (January 14, 38 BC \u2013 summer of 9 BC), born Decimus Claudius Drusus, also called Drusus Claudius Nero, Drusus, Drusus I, Nero Drusus, or Drusus the Elder was a Roman politician and military commander. He was a patrician Claudian on his birth father's side but his maternal grandmother was from a plebeian family. He was the son of Livia Drusilla and the legal stepson of her second husband, the Emperor Augustus. He was also brother of the Emperor Tiberius, father to both the Emperor Claudius and general Germanicus, paternal grandfather of the Emperor Caligula, and maternal great-grandfather of the Emperor Nero.\nHe launched the first major Roman campaigns across the Rhine and began the conquest of Germania, becoming the first Roman general to reach the Weser and Elbe rivers. In 12 BC, Drusus led a successful campaign into Germania, subjugating the Sicambri. Later that year he led a naval expedition against Germanic tribes along the North Sea coast, conquering the Batavi and the Frisii, and defeating the Chauci near the mouth of the Weser. In 11 BC, he conquered the Usipetes and the Marsi, extending Roman control to the Upper Weser. In 10 BC, he launched a campaign against the Chatti and the resurgent Sicambri, subjugating both. The following year, while serving as consul, he conquered the Mattiaci and defeated the Marcomanni and the Cherusci, the latter near the Elbe. However, Drusus died later that year, depriving Rome of one of its best generals.", "Q99859": "Bernhard Kontarsky (born 26 April 1937 in Iserlohn) is a German conductor, pianist, and teacher.\nKontarsky studied at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik K\u00f6ln. In 1964 he began his conducting career as Kapellmeister at the Staatstheater Stuttgart. From 1981 Kontarsky has been Professor of orchestral conducting at the Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts.\nKontarsky is well regarded as a specialist in new music. Amongst other things, he conducted the world premieres of El Rey de Harlem by Hans Werner Henze (1982), Die Ersch\u00f6pfung der Welt by Mauricio Kagel (1980) (Herbort 1980), Don Quijote de la Mancha by Hans Zender (1993) (Anon. 1993), Sansibar by Eckehard Mayer (13 April 1994) (Horres, Kontarsky, Willaschek, and Mayer 1993), as well as the first German performance of the opera Die W\u00e4nde by Adriana H\u00f6lszky, at the Frankfurt Opera, on 30 January 2000 (Anon. & [2008]; Anon. 2009; Ross 2000). In 1988 he directed a well-regarded production in Stuttgart of the opera Die Soldaten by Bernd Alois Zimmermann, a work he was previously involved with as co-repetiteur for the world premiere in 1965. This led to the second commercial recording of the work, released on CD in 1991 (Clements 1992). He also conducted the French premiere of Die Soldaten in April 1994 at the Op\u00e9ra-Bastille (Jarry 1994). He is also the conductor on the first CD recording of Luigi Nono's opera Intolleranza 1960.Kontarsky is the younger brother of the duo pianists Aloys and Alfons Kontarsky, with whom he has occasionally appeared in a triple-piano ensemble.", "Q64724": "Lampenberg is a municipality in the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q224356": "Virginia Anna Adeleid Weidler (March 21, 1927 \u2013 July 1, 1968) was an American child actress, popular in Hollywood films during the 1930s and 1940s.", "Q320642": "The North Rhine-Westphalia Academy for Sciences and Arts (Nordrhein-Westf\u00e4lische Akademie der Wissenschaften und der K\u00fcnste) is a learned society in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. It was founded in 1970.", "Q431266": "Laura Guadalupe Zapata Miranda (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8lau\u027ea \u0263wa\u00f0a\u02c8lupe sa\u02c8pata mi\u02c8\u027eanda] born 31 July 1956) is a Mexican telenovela actress, singer and dancer. She has acted in Televisa productions.", "Q183151": "Adam Jan Brodecki (1 August 1949 \u2013 17 October 2010) was a Polish pediatrician, member of the Sejm (1989\u20131991), and competitive pair skater. With his skating partner, Gra\u017cyna Kostrzewi\u0144ska (Osma\u0144ska), he placed 11th at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo.With his wife Halina, also a medical doctor, he had two sons, Marcin (born in 1971), Adam (1976), and a daughter, Katarzyna (1983).", "Q75629": "Alfred Frenzel (1899-1968) was a West German member of parliament, who was secretly conducting espionage for Czechoslovakia while serving on the Bundestag's Defense Committee. Given the code name Anna by the StB, he passed along classified information to the Communist government in Prague for five years, until his arrest in Bonn on October 31, 1960. He was the most important StB spy during the entire Cold War.\nDuring World War II, after the invasion of his homeland by Nazi Germany, Frenzel worked as an agent for the government in exile in the United Kingdom. After the end of the war, Czechoslovakia became a communist state, and Frenzel emigrated to West Germany.\nThe new state intelligence service in Czechoslovakia, the StB, examined the files of pre-war intelligence officers, and found information on Frenzel's pre-war activities. When they discovered that Frenzel had been appointed to the parliamentary defence committee responsible for remilitarising West Germany and establishing her place in NATO, the StB leapt on this opportunity to recruit such a highly placed spy.", "Q234145": "Giulio Natta (26 February 1903 \u2013 2 May 1979) was an Italian chemist and Nobel laureate. He won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963 with Karl Ziegler for work on high polymers. He was also a recipient of Lomonosov Gold Medal in 1969.", "Q359381": "Adnan Khashoggi (Arabic: \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0634\u0642\u062c\u064a\u200e; 25 July 1935 \u2013 6 June 2017) was a Saudi Arabian businessman known for his lavish business deals and lifestyle. He is estimated to have had a peak net worth of around US$4 billion in the early 1980s.", "Q72620": "Jean Becker (May 11, 1833 \u2013 October 10, 1884) was a prominent German violinist from Mannheim in the Grand Duchy of Baden.", "Q853718": "Fun and Fancy Free is a 1947 American animated musical fantasy package film produced by Walt Disney and released on September 27, 1947 by RKO Radio Pictures. It is the ninth Disney animated feature film and the fourth of the package films the studio produced in the 1940s in order to save money during World War II. The Disney package films of the late 1940s helped finance Cinderella (1950), and subsequent others, such as Alice in Wonderland (1951), and Peter Pan (1953).\nThe film is a compilation of two stories, the first of which, Bongo, is hosted by Jiminy Cricket and narrated by Dinah Shore. Based on the tale Little Bear Bongo by Sinclair Lewis, Bongo tells the story of a circus bear cub named Bongo who longs for freedom from captivity. Bongo escapes the circus and eventually forms a romantic relationship with a female bear cub named Lulubelle in the wild, realizing that he must prove himself in order to earn Lulubelle as his mate. The second story, Mickey and the Beanstalk, is narrated by Edgar Bergen and is a retelling of Jack and the Beanstalk featuring Mickey, Donald, and Goofy as three peasants who discover the temperamental Willie the Giant's castle in the sky through the use of some magic beans. They must battle the greedy but lovable giant in order to restore peace to their valley. Though the film is primarily animated, it also uses live-action segments to join its two stories together. Mickey and the Beanstalk was the last time Walt Disney voiced Mickey Mouse, because he was too busy on other projects to continue voicing the famous character. Disney replaced himself with sound effects artist Jimmy MacDonald.", "Q421713": "Ceftriaxone, sold under the brand name Rocephin, is an antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. These include middle ear infections, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and pelvic inflammatory disease. It is also sometimes used before surgery and following a bite wound to try to prevent infection. Ceftriaxone can be given by injection into a vein or into a muscle.Common side effects include pain at the site of injection and allergic reactions. Other possible side effects include C. difficile associated diarrhea, hemolytic anemia, gall bladder disease, and seizures. It is not recommended in those who have had anaphylaxis to penicillin but may be used in those who have had milder reactions. The intravenous form should not be given with intravenous calcium. There is tentative evidence that ceftriaxone is relatively safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is a third-generation cephalosporin that works by preventing bacteria from making a cell wall.Ceftriaxone was patented in 1978, and approved for medical use in 1982. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. In the developed world the wholesale cost per dose is about US$0.20 to US$2.32 as of 2014. In the United States a course of treatment is typically less than US$25.", "Q598786": "James Ferrier (22 October 1800 \u2013 30 May 1888) was a Scottish-Canadian politician.", "Q704265": "Bartholemew William Barclay \"Bat\" Masterson (November 26, 1853 \u2013 October 25, 1921) was a U.S. Army scout, lawman, professional gambler, and journalist known for his exploits in the 19th and early 20th-century American Old West. He was born to a working-class Irish family in Quebec, but he moved to the Western frontier as a young man and quickly distinguished himself as a buffalo hunter, civilian scout, and Indian fighter on the Great Plains. He later earned fame as a gunfighter and sheriff in Dodge City, Kansas, during which time he was involved in several notable shootouts.\nBy the mid-1880s, Masterson moved to Denver, Colorado, and established himself as a \"sporting man\" or gambler. He took an interest in prizefighting and became a leading authority on the sport, attending almost every important match and title fight in the United States from the 1880s until his death in 1921. He moved to New York City in 1902 and spent the rest of his life there as a reporter and columnist for the New York Morning Telegraph. His column covered boxing and other sports, and it frequently gave his opinions on crime, war, politics, and other topics, as well. He became a close friend of President Theodore Roosevelt and was one of the \"White House Gunfighters\" who received federal appointments from Roosevelt, along with Pat Garrett and Ben Daniels.\nBy the time of his death in 1921, Masterson was known throughout the country as a leading sports writer and celebrity. He is remembered today for his connection to many of the Wild West's most iconic people, places, and events, and his life and likeness are frequently depicted in American popular culture.", "Q185246": "Uppsala University (Swedish: Uppsala universitet) is a research university in Uppsala, Sweden. Founded in 1477, it is the oldest university in Sweden and all of the Nordic countries still in operation. It ranks among the world's 100 best universities in several high-profile international rankings. The university uses \"Gratiae veritas naturae\" as its motto and embraces natural sciences.\nThe university rose to pronounced significance during the rise of Sweden as a great power at the end of the 16th century and was then given a relative financial stability with the large donation of King Gustavus Adolphus in the early 17th century. Uppsala also has an important historical place in Swedish national culture, identity and for the Swedish establishment: in historiography, literature, politics, and music. Many aspects of Swedish academic culture in general, such as the white student cap, originated in Uppsala. It shares some peculiarities, such as the student nation system, with Lund University and the University of Helsinki.\nUppsala belongs to the Coimbra Group of European universities and to the Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities. The university has nine faculties distributed over three \"disciplinary domains\". It has about 44,000 registered students and 2,300 doctoral students. It has a teaching staff of roughly 1,800 (part-time and full-time) out of a total of 6,900 employees. Twenty-eight per cent of the 716 professors at the university are women. Of its turnover of SEK 6.6 billion (approx. USD 775 million) in 2016, 29% was spent on education at Bachelor's and Master's level, while 70% was spent on research and research programs.Architecturally, Uppsala University has traditionally had a strong presence in Fj\u00e4rdingen, the neighbourhood around the cathedral on the western side of the River Fyris. Despite some more contemporary building developments further away from the centre, Uppsala's historic centre continues to be dominated by the presence of the university.", "Q120188": "Werner Karl Ferdinand Freiherr von Rheinbaben (19 November 1878 \u2013 14 January 1975) was a German diplomat and author.Rheinbaben was born in Schmiedeberg, Silesia. He was a naval attach\u00e9 to Rome during 1911\u20131913. He later wrote of the 1914 July Crisis that it was Wilhelm von Stumm who downplayed the possibility of British intervention and strongly advised the Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg to act quickly. After the First World War, Stumm told Rheinbaben: \"I erred in 1914 and advised Bethmann falsely\".Rheinbaben was a member of the German delegation to the League of Nations.During the 1920s and early 1930s Rheinbaben was a politician belonging to the German People's Party. He was a close political associate of Gustav Stresemann and wrote a sympathetic biography of him in 1928. In 1968 he argued against the views of those post-1945 German historians who claimed that Germany had sought world domination, writing: \"Poor Germany! You honestly did not reach for 'world hegemony'!\"", "Q956112": "Ken Williams (born October 30, 1954) is an American retired game programmer who co-founded On-Line Systems together with his wife Roberta Williams. On-Line Systems eventually became Sierra On-Line and was ultimately renamed Sierra Entertainment. The couple were leading figures in the development of graphical adventure games. At its height, Sierra employed nearly 1,000 people prior to its acquisition in 1996.", "Q100258": "Michael Chevalier (born May 14, 1933, died 2005/2006) was a German voice actor born in Berlin. He provided the German dub voices for Charles Bronson (Once Upon a Time in the West), Richard Harris (The Wild Geese), Omar Sharif (Doctor Zhivago), Oliver Reed (Gladiator), Steve McQueen (The Cincinnati Kid), Dan Blocker (Bonanza) and William Conrad (Jake and the Fatman). He also provided dubs for Marlon Brando, Paul Newman and Sean Connery.\nHe collaborated with the German trance/techno-band E Nomine on a number of their albums.", "Q466458": "Laurence Nelson Golborne Riveros (born Lorence Nelson Golborne Riveros Santiago, July 11, 1961) is a Chilean engineer and entrepreneur. He was minister of public works until November 7, 2012, when he announced his decision to run for President of Chile. He previously had been bi-minister of Mining and Energy in the administration of President Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era. He withdrew from the presidential campaign on April 29, 2013, after two consecutive public scandals.\n\n", "Q54181": "Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province (Polish: wojew\u00f3dztwo \u015bl\u0105skie [v\u0254j\u025b\u02c8vut\u0361stf\u0254 \u02c8\u0255l\u0254\u0303sk\u02b2\u025b]; German: Woiwodschaft Schlesien; Czech: Slezsk\u00e9 vojvodstv\u00ed) is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centered on the historic region known as Upper Silesia (G\u00f3rny \u015al\u0105sk), with Katowice serving as its capital. \nDespite the Silesian Voivodeship's name, most of the historic Silesia region lies outside the present Silesian Voivodeship \u2014 divided among Lubusz, Lower Silesian, and Opole Voivodeships \u2014 while the eastern half of Silesian Voivodeship (and, notably, Cz\u0119stochowa in the north) was historically part of Lesser Poland.\nThe Voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Katowice, Cz\u0119stochowa and Bielsko-Bia\u0142a Voivodeships, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. \nIt is the most densely populated voivodeship in Poland and within the area of 12,300 squared kilometres, there are almost 5 million inhabitants. It is also the largest urbanised area in Central and Eastern Europe. In relation to economy, over 13% of Poland's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is generated here, making the Silesian Voivodeship one of the wealthiest provinces in the country.", "Q222041": "Hairspray is a 2007 musical romantic comedy film based on the Broadway musical of the same name, which in turn was based on John Waters's 1988 comedy film of the same name. The film was a British-American venture produced by Ingenious Media and Zadan/Meron Productions. Adapted from both Waters's 1988 script and Thomas Meehan and Mark O'Donnell's book for the stage musical by screenwriter Leslie Dixon, the 2007 film version of Hairspray was directed and choreographed by Adam Shankman and has an ensemble cast including John Travolta, Michelle Pfeiffer, Christopher Walken, Amanda Bynes, James Marsden, Queen Latifah, Brittany Snow, Zac Efron, Elijah Kelley, Allison Janney, and Nikki Blonsky in her feature film debut. Set in 1962 Baltimore, Maryland, the film follows the \"pleasantly plump\" teenager Tracy Turnblad as she pursues stardom as a dancer on a local TV show and rallies against racial segregation.\nThe film began development in 2004, and Dixon reworked Meehan and O'Donnell's first draft of the screenplay to tone down the musical's campiness. In 2005, Shankman agreed to direct the film. Composer/lyricist Marc Shaiman and lyricist Scott Wittman reworked their songs from the Broadway musical for the film's soundtrack, and also wrote four new songs for the film. Principal photography commenced in September 2006 with a budget of $75 million, and ended in December of that year; filming took place on locations in Toronto and Hamilton, Ontario, Canada and on soundstages at Toronto's Showline Studios. Recording sessions for the film's songs and soundtrack took place in San Diego, California in the United States.\nHairspray premiered on July 10, 2007 at the Mann Village Theater and was released on July 20, 2007 in the United Kingdom and the United States. The film was a critical and financial success, breaking the record for biggest sales at opening weekend for a movie musical, which the film held until July 2008 when it was surpassed by Mamma Mia! and later High School Musical 3: Senior Year in October. Hairspray went on to become the tenth highest grossing musical film in US cinema history, behind the film adaptations of Grease, Chicago, and Mamma Mia!, and stands as one of the most critically and commercially successful musical films of the 2000s. Available in a variety of formats, Hairspray's Region 1 home video release took place on November 20, 2007. USA Network purchased the broadcast rights to Hairspray and was scheduled to debut the film on cable television in February 2010, but in the end it did not broadcast that month. Instead the film was pushed back and premiered on USA on July 24, 2010, with sister channel Bravo also showing it multiple times, and in February 2011 aired on ABC for over-the-air broadcasts.", "Q273568": "Charlie Wilson's War is a 2007 American biographical comedy-drama film, based on the story of U.S. Congressman Charlie Wilson and CIA operative Gust Avrakotos, whose efforts led to Operation Cyclone, a program to organize and support the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet\u2013Afghan War.\nThe film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q270061": "7 Zwerge \u2013 Der Wald ist nicht genug (English: 7 Dwarves: The Forest Is Not Enough) is a 2006 German comedy film directed by Sven Unterwaldt. It is a sequel to the film 7 Zwerge \u2013 M\u00e4nner allein im Wald. The movie is based upon the fairy tale Rumpelstiltskin and characters from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.", "Q77758": "Alexandra Monika Neldel (born 11 February 1976) is a German actress from Berlin.", "Q113542": "Choi Hong-man (Korean: \ucd5c\ud64d\ub9cc, Hanja: \u5d14\u6d2a\u842c; born October 30, 1980), often anglicised to Hong-man Choi, is a South Korean kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and former ssireum wrestler. In Asia, he is called \"Che Man\", \"Techno Goliath\", \"Korean Monster\" and \"Korean Colossus\". He won the 2005 K-1 Seoul Grand Prix beating Kaoklai Kaennorsing in the finals. He currently stands 2.18 m (7 ft 2 in) and weighs between 140 kg (310 lb) and 166 kg (366 lb).", "Q239307": "Dame Margaret Drabble, Lady Holroyd, (born 5 June 1939) is an English novelist, biographer, and critic.", "Q57488": "Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete (born 7 October 1950) is a Tanzanian politician who was the fourth president of Tanzania, in office from 2005 to 2015. Prior to his election as president, he was the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1995 to 2005 under his predecessor, Benjamin Mkapa. He has also served as the chairperson of the African Union in 2008\u20132009 and the chairman of the Southern African Development Community Troika on Peace, Defence and Security in 2012\u20132013.", "Q284686": "National Velvet is a 1944 American Technicolor sports film directed by Clarence Brown and based on the novel of the same name by Enid Bagnold, published in 1935. It stars Mickey Rooney, Donald Crisp, and a young Elizabeth Taylor. In 2003, National Velvet was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"", "Q103751": "Inga Abel (7 July 1946 \u2013 27 May 2000) was a German actress.Abel studied ballet and figure skating from the time she was eight. From the ages of 17 to 19 she was the second soloist in the Vienna Ice Revue. After that, she took acting lessons in her hometown of D\u00fcsseldorf and performed at Die Kom\u00f6die Frankfurt, the Theater am Dom in Cologne, and at the Schlo\u00dfhoftheater in Moers, among others. She went on to play the role of Dr. Eva-Maria Sperling on the ARD series \"Lindenstra\u00dfe\" from 1992 to 2000.\nInga Abel died of breast cancer in D\u00fcsseldorf on May 27, 2000. Hans W. Gei\u00dfend\u00f6rfer, the producer of Lindenstra\u00dfe, on Inga Abel, the person and the actress: \"She played her roles with precision, intelligence, understanding, and depth. Inga's ability, her honesty, boldness, and courage to face life will remain unforgettable.\"", "Q95905": "Gottfried Heinrich Gloger (1710\u20131779) was born in Hannover, Germany, and received his first organ-building training under his father, Johann Heinrich Gloger. Gloger came to Norway as early as 1738, and in 1746 the King awarded him the royal privilege of organ builder. He was the greatest organ builder in Norway during the 18th century \u2013 the golden age for the European organ culture.", "Q68678": "The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia or Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus (SSRB; Belarusian: \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0430\u0446\u044b\u044f\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0420\u044d\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u044c, Savieckaja Sacyjalisty\u010dnaja Respublika Bie\u0142aru\u015b; Russian: \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f / \u0421\u0421\u0420\u0411, Socialisti\u010deskaja Sovetskaja Respublika Belorussija / SSRB) was an early republic in the historical territory of Belarus after the collapse of the Russian Empire as a result of the October Revolution.", "Q4314896": "The Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University (Ukrainian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u042f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u041c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb (\u041d\u042e\u0423), Natsional'nyi yurydychnyi universytet imeni Yaroslava Mudroho) is a self-governing (autonomous) state higher law educational establishment of the IV level of accreditation, a national university, located in Kharkiv, Ukraine, named after Yaroslav the Wise.", "Q999763": "University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne (French: Universit\u00e9 Paris 1 Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne), also known as Paris 1 or Pantheon-Sorbonne University, is a multidisciplinary public research university in Paris, France.It was re-established in 1971 by Professors Fran\u00e7ois Luchaire (Law), Henri Bartoli (Economy) and H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Ahrweiler (Humanities) from two faculties of the historical University of Paris \u2014 colloquially referred to as the Sorbonne \u2014 after the French May of 1968, which resulted in the division of one of the world's oldest academic institution. The double origin of the founders \u2013 Luchaire and Bartoli from the Faculty of Law and Economics and Ahrweiler from the Faculty of Letters \u2013 is now found in the name of the university: Panth\u00e9on for law and Economics, Sorbonne for humanities.Pantheon-Sorbonne is multidisciplinary, and has three main domains: Economic and Management Sciences, Human Sciences, and Legal and Political Sciences; comprising several subjects such as: Economics, Law, Philosophy, Geography, Humanities, Cinema, Plastic arts, Art history, Political science, Mathematics, Management, and Social sciences.Pantheon-Sorbonne's headquarters is located on the Place du Panth\u00e9on in the Latin Quarter, an area in the 5th and the 6th arrondissements of Paris. The university also occupies part of the historical Sorbonne campus. Overall, its campus includes over 25 buildings in Paris, such as the Centre Pierre Mend\u00e8s France (\"Tolbiac\"), the Maison des Sciences \u00c9conomiques, among others.In 2020, Pantheon-Sorbonne was globally ranked 305th (11th of France) by QS World University Rankings and 601-800th (32nd of France) by The Times Higher Education. It was also ranked by the 2019 QS Rankings by Subject as being 1st in France in Archaeology, History, Law, and Economics. In the French Eduniversal rankings, it is ranked 2nd of France in Economics and 2nd in Law.", "Q66655": "Kaufdorf is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q77980": "Regine Hildebrandt (n\u00e9e Radischewski; 26 April 1941 \u2013 26 November 2001) was a German biologist and politician (Social Democratic Party of Germany).", "Q187451": "David Lane Powers (July 29, 1896 \u2013 March 28, 1968) was an American Republican Party politician who represented New Jersey's 4th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1933 to 1945.\nBorn in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Powers attended the public schools, and was graduated from Pennsylvania Military College at Chester, Pennsylvania in 1915. During World War I, he was commissioned a second lieutenant on August 15, 1917. He was promoted to first lieutenant and served as battalion adjutant in the Eight Hundred and Seventh Pioneer Infantry. He moved to Trenton, New Jersey, in 1919 and engaged in the building business. He served as member of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1928 to 1930.\nPowers was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-third and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1933, until his resignation on August 30, 1945, to become a member of the New Jersey Public Utilities Commission, a post he held until retirement in 1967. He died in Feasterville, Pennsylvania, March 28, 1968, and was interred in Riverview Cemetery, Trenton, New Jersey.", "Q2592": "Kostroma (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430, IPA: [k\u0259str\u0250\u02c8ma]) is a historic city and the administrative center of Kostroma Oblast, Russia. A part of the Golden Ring of Russian towns, it is located at the confluence of the Volga and Kostroma Rivers. Population: 268,742\u2009(2010 Census); 278,750\u2009(2002 Census); 278,414\u2009(1989 Census).", "Q230445": "Sara Beth Bareilles (, b\u0259-RELL-iss; born December 7, 1979) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. Her 2007 hit single \"Love Song\" reached no. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. In the third season of NBC's The Sing-Off, Bareilles served as a celebrity judge alongside Ben Folds and Shawn Stockman. She composed music and wrote lyrics for the Broadway musical Waitress, for which she earned a Tony Award nomination for Best Original Score in 2016, and a Grammy nomination for Best Musical Theatre Album. In April 2018, Bareilles received acclaim for her portrayal of Mary Magdalene in NBC's live television concert adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice's rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar, for which she was nominated for the 2018 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie.\nBareilles has sold over one million albums and over nine million singles and downloads in the United States and has earned eight Grammy Award nominations, including one Album of the Year nomination for The Blessed Unrest (2013). She eventually won for the song \"Saint Honesty\" from the album Amidst the Chaos (2019), in the Best American Roots Performance category. In February 2012, VH1 placed Bareilles in the 80th spot of the Top 100 Greatest Women in Music. Her memoir, Sounds Like Me: My Life (So Far) in Song, was published in 2015; The New York Times listed it as a bestseller.\n\n", "Q103989": "Esther Schapira (born January 23, 1961 in Frankfurt) is a German journalist and filmmaker, currently politics and society editor at the German public television network, the Hessischer Rundfunk.Schapira is co-author of The Act of Alois Brunner, and producer of two award-winning documentaries, Drei Kugeln und ein totes Kind (\"Three bullets and a dead child\") (2002), about the death of Muhammad al-Durrah in Gaza in 2000, and Der Tag, als Theo van Gogh ermordet wurde (\"The day Theo van Gogh was murdered\") (2007), about the killing in 2004 of Dutch filmmaker, Theo van Gogh. The latter won her and her co-producer, Kamil Taylan, a Prix Europa award. In 2009, she produced a second documentary about the death of al-Durrah, Das Kind, Der Tod, und Die Wahrheit (\"The Child, the Death, and the Truth\").", "Q200586": "Sheryl Suzanne Crow (born February 11, 1962) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and actress. Her music incorporates elements of pop, rock, country, jazz, and blues. She has released ten studio albums, four compilations, two live albums, and has contributed to a number of film soundtracks. Her most popular songs include \"All I Wanna Do\" (1993), \"If It Makes You Happy\" (1996), \"\"Everyday Is a Winding Road\" (1996), \"Tomorrow Never Dies (1997)\" (the theme song for the James Bond film of the same name), and \"My Favorite Mistake\" (1998). She has sold more than 50 million albums worldwide. Crow has garnered nine Grammy Awards (out of 32 nominations) from the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.\nAs an actress, Crow has appeared on various television shows including 30 Rock, Cop Rock, GCB, Cougar Town, Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert's Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear, as well as One Tree Hill.", "Q948304": "Pszczyna [\u02c8p\u0282t\u0361\u0282\u0268na] (English: Pless, German: Ple\u00df, Czech: P\u0161tina, formerly: Bl\u0161tina or Bl\u0161\u010dina, Silesian: Pszczyna) is a town in southern Poland with 25,823 inhabitants (2019) within the immediate gmina. The town is in the Silesian Voivodeship. It was a part of Katowice Voivodeship from 1975 until administrative reform in 1998.", "Q106601": "Fritz Gra\u00dfhoff (9 December 1913 \u2013 9 February 1997) was a German painter, poet and songwriter. He was known for hits sung by Lale Andersen, Freddy Quinn and Hans Albers. As a painter, he participated in important exhibitions; as a writer, he was known for his lyric volume Halunkenpostille and his autobiographical novel Der blaue Heinrich. He translated poetry by the Ancient Roman Martial and the Swede Carl Michael Bellman. Many of his writings have been set to music by composers such as James Last, Norbert Schultze and Siegfried Strohbach.", "Q90855": "Henriette von Paalzow, n\u00e9e Wach (1788, Berlin \u2013 30 October 1847, Berlin) was a German historical novelist.\nHenriette Wach was the sister of the painter Karl Wilhelm Wach. She married a Prussian officer, Major Paalzow, in 1816, though the marriage was dissolved in 1821. Her historical novels were compared to those of Walter Scott.", "Q17402889": "Kenric Lowell Reitz (born September 8, 1955) is an American actor, writer, composer, director and producer.", "Q1057893": "Alyssa Jean \"Allie\" Gonino is an American actress, singer and songwriter. She is known for her regular role as Laurel Mercer in The Lying Game and her recurring role as Michelle in 10 Things I Hate About You, both of which were ABC Family series. Gonino was member of the American girl group The Stunners between 2007 and 2011. Gonino is currently in the band The Good Mad, who were featured in The Lying Game, in which Gonino also starred.", "Q161842": "Jaan Kross (19 February 1920 \u2013 27 December 2007) was an Estonian writer. He was nominated several times for the Nobel Prize in Literature during the early 1990s.", "Q439174": "William James Nesbitt, (born 15 January 1965) is an actor and television presenter from Northern Ireland.\nFrom 1987, Nesbitt spent seven years performing in plays that varied from the musical Up on the Roof (1987, 1989) to the political drama Paddywack (1994). He made his feature film debut playing talent agent Fintan O'Donnell in Hear My Song (1991). He got his breakthrough television role playing Adam Williams in the romantic comedy-drama series Cold Feet (1997\u20132003, 2016\u2013present), which won him a British Comedy Award, a Television and Radio Industries Club Award, and a National Television Award.\nNesbitt's first significant film role came when he appeared as pig farmer \"Pig\" Finn in Waking Ned (1998). With the rest of the starring cast, he was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award. In Lucky Break (2001), he made his debut as a film lead, playing prisoner Jimmy Hands. The next year, he played Ivan Cooper in the television film Bloody Sunday, about the 1972 shootings in Derry. A departure from his previous \"cheeky chappie\" roles, the film was a turning point in his career. He won a British Independent Film Award and was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor.\nNesbitt has also starred in Murphy's Law (2001\u20132007) as undercover detective Tommy Murphy, a role that was created for him by writer Colin Bateman. The role twice gained Nesbitt Best Actor nominations at the Irish Film & Television Awards (IFTA). In 2007, he starred in the dual role of Tom Jackman and Mr Hyde in Steven Moffat's Jekyll, which earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination in 2008. Nesbitt has since appeared in several more dramatic roles; he starred alongside Liam Neeson in Five Minutes of Heaven (2009), and was one of three lead actors in the television miniseries Occupation (2009). He also starred in the movies Outcast (2010) and The Way (2010). He portrayed Bofur in The Hobbit film series (2012\u20132014). In 2014, Nesbitt starred as Tony Hughes in the acclaimed BBC One drama series The Missing.", "Q72608": "Big Star was an American rock band formed in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1971 by Alex Chilton, Chris Bell, Jody Stephens, and Andy Hummel. The group broke up in early 1975, and reorganized with a new lineup 18 years later following a reunion concert at the University of Missouri. In its first era, the band's musical style drew on the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and the Byrds. Big Star produced a style that foreshadowed the alternative rock of the 1980s and 1990s. Before they broke up, Big Star created a \"seminal body of work that never stopped inspiring succeeding generations\", in the words of Rolling Stone, as the \"quintessential American power pop band\", and \"one of the most mythic and influential cult acts in all of rock & roll\". Big Star's first album\u20141972's #1 Record\u2014was met by enthusiastic reviews, but ineffective marketing by Stax Records, and limited distribution stunted its commercial success. Frustration took its toll on band relations: Bell left not long after the first record's commercial progress stalled, and Hummel left to finish his college education after a second album, Radio City, was completed in December 1973. Like #1 Record, Radio City received excellent reviews, but label issues again thwarted sales\u2014Columbia Records, which had assumed control of the Stax catalog, likewise effectively vetoed its distribution. \nAfter a third album, recorded in the fall of 1974, was deemed commercially unviable and shelved before receiving a title, the band broke up late in 1974. Four years later, the first two Big Star LPs were released together in the UK as a double album. The band's third album was finally issued soon afterward; titled Third/Sister Lovers, it found limited commercial success, but has since become a cult classic. Shortly thereafter, Chris Bell was killed in a car accident at the age of 27.\nDuring the group's hiatus in the 1980s, the Big Star discography drew renewed attention when R.E.M. and the Replacements, as well as other popular bands, cited the group as an influence. In 1992, interest was further stimulated by Rykodisc's reissues of the band's albums, complemented by a collection of Bell's solo work.In 1993, Chilton and Stephens reformed Big Star with recruits Jon Auer and Ken Stringfellow of the Posies, and gave a concert at the University of Missouri. The band remained active, performing tours in Europe and Japan, and released a new studio album, In Space, in 2005. Chilton died in March 2010 after suffering from heart problems. Hummel died of cancer four months later. These deaths left Stephens as the sole surviving founding member. Big Star was inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame in 2014.\nSince December 2010, several surviving members have appeared in a series of live tribute performances of the album Third/Sister Lovers, under the billing \"Big Star's Third\". As of 2017, that project has remained active.", "Q321212": "Robert Dh\u00e9ry (27 April 1921 \u2013 3 December 2004) (born Robert L\u00e9on Henri Fourrey or Robert Foullcy) was a French comedian, actor, director and screenwriter.\nHe was married to actor Colette Brosset, with whom he appeared onstage in La Plume de Ma Tante.\nHe appeared on Broadway from 1958 to 1960 in La Plume de Ma Tante, and was, along with the rest of the entire cast (Pamela Austin, Colette Brosset, Roger Caccia, Yvonne Constant, Genevieve Coulombel, Michael Kent, Jean Lefevre, Jacques Legras, Michael Modo, Pierre Olaf, Nicole Parent, Ross Parker, Henri Pennec) awarded a Special Tony Award 1959 for contribution to the theatre.", "Q1751713": "Sir Edwin Alliott Verdon Roe OBE, Hon. FRAeS, FIAS (26 April 1877 \u2013 4 January 1958) was a pioneer English pilot and aircraft manufacturer, and founder in 1910 of the Avro company. After experimenting with model aeroplanes, he made flight trials in 1907\u201308 with a full-size aeroplane at Brooklands, near Weybridge in Surrey, and became the first Englishman to fly an all-British machine a year later, with a triplane, on the Walthamstow Marshes.", "Q235515": "Janis Ian (born Janis Eddy Fink; April 7, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter who was most commercially successful in the 1960s and 1970s; her most widely recognized song, \"At Seventeen\", was released as a single from her 1975 album Between the Lines, which reached number 1 on the Billboard chart.\nBorn in 1951 in New York City, Ian entered the American folk music scene while still a teenager in the mid-1960s. Most active musically in that decade and the 1970s, she has continued recording into the 21st century. She has won two Grammy Awards, the first in 1975 for \"At Seventeen\" and the second in 2013 for Best Spoken Word Album, for her autobiography, Society's Child, with a total of ten nominations in eight different categories.\nIan is also a columnist and science fiction author.", "Q1858474": "Eugenio Garza Sada (January 11, 1892 \u2013 September 17, 1973) was an industrialist in the city of Monterrey, Mexico best known for founding the Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) school system in the country. Garza was born into a business family, with his father founding the Cuauht\u00e9moc Brewery in Monterrey in 1890. After Garza graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he began to work at the brewery, working his way up in the company to eventually take over as director after his father died. Garza and his brother Roberto grew the company into a conglomerate and instituted various innovations including benefits and social services for employees. Garza\u2019s inspiration for founding ITESM came from his experience at MIT, as well as the desire to decrease Mexico\u2019s dependence on foreign expert help. He remained the head of ITESM\u2019s board until his death in 1973, as a result of a failed kidnapping attempt.\n\n", "Q360528": "James Brian Mark Purefoy (born 3 June 1964) is an English actor. He played Mark Antony in the HBO series Rome, former college professor-turned-serial-killer Joe Carroll in the series The Following, and Solomon Kane in the feature film Solomon Kane. In February 2018 he starred as Laurens Bancroft in Altered Carbon, a Netflix original series.\nHe was born in Somerset and attended Sherborne School before training at the Central School of Speech and Drama. His appearances in stage plays and a variety of television roles in the UK and USA have grown since the 1980s.", "Q242945": "Mary Kay Bergman (June 5, 1961 \u2013 November 11, 1999), initially credited as Shannen Cassidy, was an American voice actress and voice-over teacher. Bergman was the lead female voice actress on South Park from the show's 1997 debut until her death. Throughout her career, Bergman performed voice work for over 400 television commercials and voiced over 100 cartoon, film, and video game characters. \nBorn in Los Angeles, she had an interest in fantasy and animation early in her life. She acted in plays during high school and also studied theater at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). After struggling to secure on-screen acting jobs, she began taking work as a voice-over actress. In 1989, she began voicing the Disney character Snow White. In the 1990s, she voiced Daphne Blake in three films from the Scooby Doo franchise. \nBergman was married to voice actor Dino Andrade before her suicide in November 1999. Shortly after her death, Andrade established the Mary Kay Bergman Memorial Fund.", "Q1157139": "Dafnis Prieto (born July 31, 1974) is a Cuban-American drummer, composer, bandleader, and educator.", "Q332508": "Sir John Bowring, KCB (Chinese translated name: \u5bf6\u5be7, \u5bf6\u9748 (for Putonghua speakers) or \u5305\u4ee4 (for Cantonese)) (Thai: \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e01\u0e39\u0e25\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08 \u0e2a\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e15\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e28) (17 October 1792 \u2013 23 November 1872) was an English political economist, traveller, writer, literary translator, polyglot, and the fourth Governor of Hong Kong.\n\n", "Q270049": "Anna Raymond Massey (11 August 1937 \u2013 3 July 2011) was an English actress. She won a BAFTA Award for the role of Edith Hope in the 1986 TV adaptation of Anita Brookner's novel Hotel du Lac, a role that one of her co-stars, Julia McKenzie, has said \"could have been written for her.\"", "Q58793": "Adolf Philipp Wilhelm Bastian (26 June 1826 \u2013 2 February 1905) was a 19th-century polymath best remembered for his contributions to the development of ethnography and the development of anthropology as a discipline. Modern psychology owes him a great debt, because of his theory of the Elementargedanke, which led to Carl Jung's development of the theory of archetypes. His ideas had a formative influence on the \"father of American anthropology\" Franz Boas, and he also influenced the thought of comparative mythologist Joseph Campbell.\n\n", "Q10933": "Fr\u00f6ndenberg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8f\u0281\u0153nd\u0259nb\u025b\u0281k]) is a town in the district of Unna, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.", "Q93384": "John Jordan Morgan (1770 \u2013 July 29, 1849) was an American politician from New York", "Q67563": "Ernst Uhrlau (born 7 December 1946) was the President of the German Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND). After attending Gymnasium Eppendorf, he graduated from University of Hamburg with specialization in political science.\nIn 1981, Uhrlau became an assistant to the Head of the Department for Protection of the Constitution of Hamburg, Christian Lochte, and in 1991 he took Lochte\u2019s place. From 1996-98, Ernst Uhrlau was the Chief of Hamburg Police. In 1998, Uhrlau was appointed a Coordinator of the Intelligence Community in the office of the Chancellor.\nOn 1 December 2005, he was appointed to the post of the head of the BND.\nThe most outstanding of Uhrlau\u2019s achievements in the post of Intelligence Community Coordinator was organizing the exchange between Israel and the Lebanese Hezbollah of the bodies of captured Israeli soldiers for captured militants in January 2004. In the BND documents this operation received the name \"The Blue-White Sky Action\" (\"Die Aktion Himmel blau-wei\u00df\"). During its realization Uhrlau had numerous contacts with representatives of both parties and repeated visits to Beirut, and he proved himself, above all, an outstanding diplomat.It is believed Uhrlau was a mediator between Hezbollah and Israel for the return in 2008 of the remains of two Israeli soldiers, Ehud Goldwasser and Eldad Regev, whose kidnapping triggered the 2006 Lebanon war.", "Q189454": "Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (Russian: \u0415\u043b\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, Yelena Petrovna Blavatskaya, often known as Madame Blavatsky; 12 August [O.S. 31 July] 1831 \u2013 8 May 1891) was a Russian occultist, philosopher, and author who co-founded the Theosophical Society in 1875. She gained an international following as the leading theoretician of Theosophy, the esoteric religion that the society promoted.\nBorn into an aristocratic Russian-German family in Yekaterinoslav, then in the Russian Empire (now Ukraine), Blavatsky traveled widely around the empire as a child. Largely self-educated, she developed an interest in Western esotericism during her teenage years. According to her later claims, in 1849 she embarked on a series of world travels, visiting Europe, the Americas, and India. She also claimed that during this period she encountered a group of spiritual adepts, the \"Masters of the Ancient Wisdom\", who sent her to Shigatse, Tibet, where they trained her to develop a deeper understanding of the synthesis of religion, philosophy and science. Both contemporary critics and later biographers have argued that some or all of these foreign visits were fictitious, and that she spent this period in Europe. By the early 1870s, Blavatsky was involved in the Spiritualist movement; although defending the genuine existence of Spiritualist phenomena, she argued against the mainstream Spiritualist idea that the entities contacted were the spirits of the dead. Relocating to the United States in 1873, she befriended Henry Steel Olcott and rose to public attention as a spirit medium, attention that included public accusations of fraudulence.\nIn 1875 New York City, Blavatsky co-founded the Theosophical Society with Olcott and William Quan Judge. In 1877, she published Isis Unveiled, a book outlining her Theosophical world-view. Associating it closely with the esoteric doctrines of Hermeticism and Neoplatonism, Blavatsky described Theosophy as \"the synthesis of science, religion and philosophy\", proclaiming that it was reviving an \"Ancient Wisdom\" which underlay all the world's religions. In 1880, she and Olcott moved to India, where the Society was allied to the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement. That same year, while in Ceylon, she and Olcott became the first people from the United States to formally convert to Buddhism. Although opposed by the British administration, Theosophy spread rapidly in India but experienced internal problems after Blavatsky was accused of producing fraudulent paranormal phenomena. Amid ailing health, in 1885 she returned to Europe, there establishing the Blavatsky Lodge in London. Here she published The Secret Doctrine, a commentary on what she claimed were ancient Tibetan manuscripts, as well as two further books, The Key to Theosophy and The Voice of the Silence. She died of influenza.\nBlavatsky was a controversial figure during her lifetime, championed by supporters as an enlightened guru and derided as a fraudulent charlatan and plagiarist by critics. Her Theosophical doctrines influenced the spread of Hindu and Buddhist ideas in the West as well as the development of Western esoteric currents like Ariosophy, Anthroposophy, and the New Age Movement.", "Q284876": "Samuel Atkinson Waterston (born November 15, 1940) is an American actor, producer, and director. Among other roles, he is noted for his portrayal of Sydney Schanberg in The Killing Fields (1984), for which he received an Academy Award nomination, and his starring role as Jack McCoy on the NBC television series Law & Order (1994\u20132010), which brought him Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards. He has been nominated for multiple Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, BAFTA, and Emmy awards, having starred in over eighty film and television productions during his fifty-year career. He has also starred in numerous stage productions. AllMovie historian Hal Erickson characterized Waterston as having \"cultivated a loyal following with his quietly charismatic, unfailingly solid performances.\"Waterston received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2010 and was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 2012.", "Q1382964": "Ewald Wenck (28 December 1891 \u2013 3 April 1981) was a German actor. He appeared in more than 230 films and television shows between 1919 and 1978.", "Q334179": "Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (related marketing as The Return of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre) is a 1995 American slasher film written and directed by Kim Henkel, and starring Ren\u00e9e Zellweger, Matthew McConaughey, and Robert Jacks as Leatherface. The plot follows four teenagers who encounter Leatherface and his murderous family in backwoods Texas on the night of their prom. It is the fourth installment in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre series, and also features uncredited cameo appearances from Marilyn Burns, Paul A. Partain, and John Dugan, all stars of the original film.\nWriter-director Kim Henkel had previously co-written the original The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) with Tobe Hooper; the events of the previous two sequel films are addressed in The Next Generation's opening prologue as \"two minor, yet apparently related incidents\" which happened after the events of the original film, though no explanation is given for how Leatherface survived his apparent off-screen death at the end of the second film. Next Generation was shot on location in rural areas outside of Austin, Texas in the summer of 1994.\nThe film was screened as The Return of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre in 1995 before being shelved by Columbia Pictures. Two years later, it was re-cut and released under the title Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation on August 29, 1997, after Zellweger and McConaughey had both become major Hollywood stars, but was a critical and financial failure. Though a full soundtrack was never released, a companion single featured in the film performed by star Robert Jacks and Debbie Harry from Blondie was released on compact disc in 1997. This was the final installment in the original series, with the next entry being a remake of the original film.", "Q276438": "Axelle Kabou (born 1955) is a Cameroonian journalist, author and development specialist. She studied economy and communication and has been working for development aid. Her 1991 book Et si l'Afrique refusait le developpement (And if Africa Denies Development?) is well-known and discussed. It examined an unwillingness and inability of Africans and African elites to take development of the continent into their own hands without relying on foreign aid.\nNowadays various African intellectuals such as Roger Tagri, George Ayittey, Andrew Mwenda, James Shikwati and Chika Onyeani agree with her analysis, Robert Mugabe being one of the most prominent examples of criticism. The book has been translated into German as well. It enhanced the sharp criticism of Brigitte Erler against classical German foreign aid concepts. \nAccording to Kabou, classical development aid combined naivety and a willingness to support local rulers. The primary actors were foreigners, who assumed the victims were always black. Whitewash, pretext and excuses served to connect foreign aid workers and local corrupt rulers in a useless common ritual.", "Q102467": "Bernhard Letterhaus (10 July 1894, Barmen \u2013 14 November 1944) was a German Catholic Trade Unionist and member of the resistance to Nazism.\nHe grew up in Barmen, Wuppertal and after an apprenticeship in a textile factory, he was an active member of the Association of Christian textile workers. He served in World War I and was then secretary of the Catholic Labour Movement in M\u00f6nchengladbach. He moved to Cologne where he was in contact with Nikolaus Gross a fellow catholic opponent of the Nazis.\nHe was conscripted into the Wehrmacht upon the outbreak of World War II. Upon posting to the OKW in Berlin he developed contacts with the 20 July plot conspirators including Carl Goerdeler's group. If the attempt to assassinate Hitler had succeeded he was earmarked to be the Reconstruction Minister. He was arrested in its aftermath, tried by the People's Court, sentenced to death by Roland Freisler and executed at Pl\u00f6tzensee Prison the next day.", "Q61112": "Ralf Rudolf Moeller (born 12 January 1959) is a German actor and former competitive bodybuilder. He is known for his roles of Brick Bardo in Cyborg, Kjartan in The Viking Sagas, the title character in the television show Conan the Adventurer, Hagen in Gladiator, Thorak in The Scorpion King and Ulfar in Pathfinder.", "Q877686": "The University of Applied Arts Vienna (German: Universit\u00e4t f\u00fcr angewandte Kunst Wien, or informally just Die Angewandte) is an arts university and institution of higher education in Vienna, the capital of Austria. It has had university status since 1970.", "Q84820": "Marie Louise von Fran\u00e7ois (27 June 1817 in Herzberg (Elster) \u2013 25 September 1893 in Wei\u00dfenfels) was a German writer, best known for her historical novel Die letzte Reckenburgerin (1871). She was a friend and correspondent of Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach and C. F. Meyer.", "Q474074": "The Civilista Party (Spanish: Partido Civil, PC) was a political party in Peru.", "Q61674": "Friedrich Albert Lange (German: [\u02c8la\u014b\u0259]; 28 September 1828 \u2013 23 November 1875) was a German philosopher and sociologist.", "Q746718": "Birkenhead () is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside, England. Historically until 1974 in Cheshire, it is on the Wirral Peninsula, along the west bank of the River Mersey, opposite the city of Liverpool. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 88,818.Birkenhead Priory and the Mersey Ferry were established in the 12th century. In the 19th century, Birkenhead expanded greatly as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution. Birkenhead Park and Hamilton Square were laid out as well as the first street tramway in Britain. The Mersey Railway connected Birkenhead and Liverpool, with the world's first tunnel beneath a tidal estuary, and the shipbuilding firm Cammell Laird and a seaport were established.\nIn the second half of the 20th century, the town suffered a significant period of decline, with containerisation causing a reduction in port activity. The Wirral Waters development is planned to regenerate much of the dockland.", "Q27621": "Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU, Russian: \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, \u0421\u041f\u0431\u0413\u0423) is a Russian federal state-owned higher education institution based in Saint Petersburg. It is the oldest and one of the largest universities in Russia.\nFounded in 1724 by a decree of Peter the Great, the University from the very beginning has had a strong focus on fundamental research in science, engineering and humanities.\nIt is made up of 24 specialized faculties and institutes, the Academic Gymnasium, the Medical College, the College of Physical culture and Sports, Economics and Technology. The university has two primary campuses: one on Vasilievsky Island and the other in Peterhof.\nDuring the Soviet period, it was known as Leningrad State University (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442). It was named after Andrei Zhdanov in 1948.", "Q76308": "G\u00fcnter Hotz (born 16 November 1931) is a German pioneer of computer science. His work includes formal languages, digital circuits\nand computational complexity theory. In 1987, he received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, which is the highest honour awarded in German research. In 1999 he was awarded the Konrad Zuse Medal of the Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Informatik.Hotz received his PhD in 1958 at G\u00f6ttingen. His advisor was Kurt Reidemeister.", "Q71467": "Hans Wollschl\u00e4ger (17 March 1935, Minden \u2013 19 May 2007, Bamberg) was a German writer, translator, historian, and editor of German literature.", "Q3742116": "Felice di Michele Brancacci (born 1382 - fl. 15th century) was a Florentine silk merchant, best known for commissioning the decoration of the Brancacci Chapel. The nephew and heir of Piero di Piuvichese Brancacci, he was involved in Mediterranean silk trade, and also acted as a diplomat.\n\n", "Q85280": "Edith \"Ditta\" Einzinger (born Edith Zuser; 17 January 1931 \u2013 30 June 2010), was an Austrian pop singer who recorded under the stage name Lolita.\nShe began singing in local clubs while working as a kindergarten teacher. Discovered in 1956, she began her recording career in 1957. Early recordings typically were songs with a Latin American, South Sea Island, or similar 'exotic' theme. In December 1959, she recorded what would become her only gold record, \"Seemann, deine Heimat ist das Meer\" (\"Sailor, Your Home is the Sea\"), which was a hit single in the United States, peaking at number five, and in Japan as well as in German-speaking Europe in 1960. It was one of a handful of records sung in a language other than English to have been successful in the mainstream American market.Translated as \"Sailor\", the song was later covered by Petula Clark and Anne Shelton, both of whom had hits with it in the UK Singles Chart, as well as the Andrews Sisters. Clark also took the song to No. 1 in France in 1961, under the title \"Marin (Enfant du voyage)\".Lolita continued recording maritime and South Seas titles and in later years, her recordings were more typically Austrian and German folk songs, including yodels.", "Q102301": "Joseph William Frazier (January 12, 1944 \u2013 November 7, 2011), nicknamed \"Smokin' Joe\", was an American professional boxer who competed from 1965 to 1981. He reigned as the undisputed heavyweight champion from 1970 to 1973, and as an amateur won a gold medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics. Frazier was known for his strength, durability, formidable punching power, and relentless pressure fighting style. He was also the first boxer to beat Muhammad Ali.\nFrazier emerged as the top contender in the late 1960s, defeating opponents that included Jerry Quarry, Oscar Bonavena, Buster Mathis, Eddie Machen, Doug Jones, George Chuvalo, and Jimmy Ellis en route to becoming undisputed heavyweight champion in 1970, and followed up by defeating Muhammad Ali by unanimous decision in the highly anticipated Fight of the Century in 1971. Two years later, Frazier lost his title when he was defeated by George Foreman. He fought on, beating Joe Bugner, losing a rematch to Ali and then beating Quarry and Ellis again.\nFrazier's last world title challenge came in 1975, but he was beaten by Ali in their brutal rubber match, the Thrilla in Manila. He retired in 1976 following a second loss to Foreman. He made a comeback in 1981, fighting just once before retiring for good, finishing his career with a record of 32 wins, 4 losses and 1 draw. The International Boxing Research Organization rates Frazier among the ten greatest heavyweights of all time. The Ring magazine named him Fighter of the Year in 1967, 1970 and 1971, while the Boxing Writers Association of America (BWAA) named him Fighter of the Year in 1969, 1971 and 1975. In 1999, The Ring magazine ranked him the eighth greatest heavyweight. BoxRec ranks him as the 18th greatest heavyweight of all time. He is an inductee of both the International Boxing Hall of Fame and the World Boxing Hall of Fame.\nFrazier's style was often compared to that of Henry Armstrong and occasionally Rocky Marciano, dependent on bobbing, weaving and relentless pressure to wear down his opponents. His best-known punch was a powerful left hook, which accounted for most of his knockouts. In his career, he lost to only two fighters, both former Olympic and world heavyweight champions: twice to Muhammad Ali, and twice to George Foreman.\nAfter retiring, Frazier made cameo appearances in several Hollywood movies and two episodes of The Simpsons. His son Marvis became a boxer\u2014trained by Frazier himself\u2014but Marvis was knocked out in the first round by an up-and-coming Mike Tyson in 1986, with Marvis ending his career with a record of 19 wins and 2 losses. Joe's daughter Jacqui Frazier-Lyde also boxed professionally and is a former WIBA world light-heavyweight champion, ending her career with a record of 13 wins and 1 loss, with her sole loss coming in a majority decision points loss to Laila Ali, the daughter of Muhammad Ali, in a fight dubbed as \"Ali\u2013Frazier IV\". Joe Frazier continued to train fighters in his gym in Philadelphia. His attitude towards Muhammad Ali in later life was largely characterized by bitterness and contempt, interspersed with brief reconciliations.\nFrazier was diagnosed with liver cancer in late September 2011 and admitted to hospice care. He died of complications from the disease on November 7, 2011.", "Q144354": "Dimitri Logothetis is a Greek-American actor, director and producer.", "Q1371152": "Ethel Smith (November 22, 1902 \u2013 May 10, 1996) was an American organist who played primarily in a pop style on the Hammond organ.", "Q231015": "Orianthi Penny Panagaris (born 22 January 1985) is an Australian musician, singer and songwriter who rehearsed in 2009 with Michael Jackson in preparation for his ill-fated This Is It concert series, and performed with Alice Cooper's touring band. Her 2009 debut single \"According to You\" peaked at No. 3 in Japan, No. 8 in Australia and No. 17 in the US; her second album, Believe, received a worldwide release in late 2009. The same year, Orianthi was named one of the 12 Greatest Female Electric Guitarists by Elle magazine. She also won the award as \"Breakthrough Guitarist of the Year\" 2010 by Guitar International magazine.", "Q981662": "Tore Blom (Teodor Blom; April 23, 1880 \u2013 September 24, 1961) was a Swedish track and field athlete who competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.\nBlom competed in the long jump and the high jump. In the former he placed eleventh of twelve with a distance of 5.770 metres while in the latter he took last of eight jumpers clearing 1.50 metres.\n\n", "Q68136": "Sion (French: [sj\u0254\u0303]; German: Sitten [\u02c8z\u026atn\u0329]; Italian: Seduno; Latin: Sedunum) is a Swiss town, a municipality, and the capital of the canton of Valais and of the district of Sion. As of December 2018 it had a population of 34,708 (known as S\u00e9dunois(es)).On 17 January 1968, the former municipality of Bramois merged into the municipality of Sion. On 1 January 2013, the former municipality of Salins merged into the municipality of Sion, and on 1 January 2017, Les Agettes did the same.\nLandmarks in Sion include the Basilique de Val\u00e8re and the Ch\u00e2teau de Tourbillon. Sion has an airfield for civilian and military use, which serves as a base for air rescue missions.", "Q67205": "Homburg is a municipality in Frauenfeld District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q292972": "\u00d3lafur Arnalds (Icelandic pronunciation: \u200b[\u02c8ou\u02d0lav\u028fr \u02c8artnalts]; born 3 November 1986) is an Icelandic multi-instrumentalist and producer from Mosfellsb\u00e6r, Iceland. He mixes strings and piano with loops and beats, a sound ranging from ambient/electronic to atmospheric pop. He is also the former drummer for hardcore / metal bands Fighting Shit, Celestine, and others.\nIn 2009, \u00d3lafur also formed an experimental techno project, entitled Kiasmos, with Janus Rasmussen from the Icelandic electro-pop band Bloodgroup, announcing his electronic debut album in 2014.", "Q4527791": "Dmitry Vladimirovich Shumkov (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432, 23 January 1972 \u2013 4 December 2015) was a Russian lawyer, businessman, public figure and a billionaire. In 2012 Shumkov was named the Lawyer of the Year award winner, which is the highest honour for lawyers in the Russian Federation. The award was established by the Edict of the President of the Russian Federation on 8 October 2009. Shumkov was listed as having been among the Top 10 lawyers of the Russian Federation.\n\n", "Q4794291": "Camilla Stoltenberg (born 5 February 1958) is a Norwegian physician and researcher. Since 13 August 2012, she has been Director-General of the Norwegian Institute of Public Health.", "Q4283268": "Everett Pierce Marshall (January 12, 1939 \u2013 June 20, 2006) was an American petroleum industry executive. He was the beneficial owner of 16% of Koch Industries, which he received as an inheritance from his father, J. Howard Marshall II. He spent the last 15 years of his life as a defendant in lawsuits by his stepmother, Anna Nicole Smith, and his brother, J. Howard Marshall III, who both sought part of his father's fortune after being left out of the will and testament.", "Q701453": "Nie Rongzhen (Chinese: \u8042\u8363\u81fb; Wade\u2013Giles: Nieh Jung-chen; December 29, 1899 \u2013 May 14, 1992) was a prominent Chinese Communist military leader, and one of ten Marshals in the People's Liberation Army of China. He was the last surviving PLA officer with the rank of Marshal.", "Q549487": "Anita Brenner (born Hanna Brenner; 13 August 1905 \u2013 1 December 1974) was a transnational Jewish scholar and intellectual, who wrote extensively in English about the art, culture, and history of Mexico. She was born in Mexico, raised and educated in the U.S., and returned to Mexico in the 1920s following the Mexican Revolution. She coined the term 'Mexican Renaissance', \"to describe the cultural florescence [that] emerged from the revolution.\" As a child of immigrants, Brenner's heritage caused her to experience both antisemitism and acceptance. Fleeing discrimination in Texas, she found mentors and colleagues among the European Jewish diaspora living in both Mexico and New York, but Mexico, not the US or Europe, held her loyalty and enduring interest. She was part of the post-Revolutionary art movement known for its indigenista ideology.\nBrenner earned a PhD in anthropology at Columbia University and her first book, Idols Behind Altars was the first book to document the artworks, styles and artists of Mexico from Prehistory through the 1920s. It was widely considered her most important work and was filled with photographs by renowned photographers and interviews with the most influential and prolific artists of the period. Her fourth published book was The Wind That Swept Mexico; The History of the Mexican Revolution, 1910-1942, having in between printed a guidebook and a children's story. The first book to give a complete account in either English or Spanish on the Mexican Revolution, it was the first to retell the events from a Mexican perspective.", "Q268160": "The White Stripes were an American rock duo formed in 1997 in Detroit, Michigan. The group consisted of Jack White (songwriter, vocals, guitar, piano, and mandolin) and Meg White (drums and vocals). After releasing several singles and three albums within the Detroit music scene, The White Stripes rose to prominence in 2002 as part of the garage rock revival scene. Their successful and critically acclaimed albums White Blood Cells and Elephant drew attention from a large variety of media outlets in the United States and the United Kingdom. The single \"Seven Nation Army\", which used a guitar and a whammy pedal to create the iconic opening riff, became one of their most recognizable songs. The band recorded two more albums, Get Behind Me Satan in 2005 and Icky Thump in 2007, and dissolved in 2011 after a lengthy hiatus from performing and recording.The White Stripes used a low-fidelity approach to writing and recording. Their music featured a melding of garage rock and blues influences and a raw simplicity of composition, arrangement, and performance. The duo were also noted for their fashion and design aesthetic which featured a simple color scheme of red, white, and black\u2014which was used on every album and single cover the band released\u2014as well as the band's fascination with the number three. The band's discography consists of six studio albums, two live albums, one extended play (EP), one concert film, one tour documentary, 26 singles, and 14 music videos. Their last three albums each won the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album.", "Q965296": "Tamandani Wazayo Phillip \"Tam\" Nsaliwa (born 28 January 1982) is a Malawian-German soccer (football) player who plays as a midfielder.\n\n", "Q433459": "Catherine Conn (September 3, 1910 \u2013 April 17, 2007), better known professionally as Kitty Carlisle and also billed as Kitty Carlisle Hart, was an American stage and screen actress, singer and spokeswoman for the arts. She is best remembered as a regular panelist on the television game show To Tell the Truth. She served 20 years on the New York State Council on the Arts. In 1991, she received the National Medal of Arts from President George H. W. Bush. She was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1999.", "Q657167": "The University of Music and Performing Arts Munich (German: Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater M\u00fcnchen), also sometimes called the Academy of Music and Performing Arts, is one of the most respected traditional vocational universities in Germany, specialising in music and the performing arts. The main building it currently occupies is the former F\u00fchrerbau of the NSDAP, located at Arcisstra\u00dfe 12, on the eastern side of the K\u00f6nigsplatz, Munich. Teaching and other events also take place at Luisenstra\u00dfe 37a, Gasteig, the Prinzregententheater (theatre studies), and in Wilhelmstra\u00dfe (ballet). Since 2008, the Richard Strauss Conservatory (de), until then independent, has formed part of the University.", "Q110705": "Siegmund Sredzki (30 November 1892 \u2013 11 October 1944) was a German Resistance fighter against the Nazi regime.", "Q822877": "The Wales national rugby union team (Welsh: T\u00eem rygbi'r undeb cenedlaethol Cymru) represents Wales in men's international rugby union. Its governing body, the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU), was established in 1881, the same year that Wales played their first international against England. The team plays its home matches at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff (currently known for sponsorship reasons as the Principality Stadium), which replaced Cardiff Arms Park as the national stadium of Wales in 1999.\nWales has competed annually in the Six Nations Championship (previously the Home Nations Championship and Five Nations Championship) since it was established in 1883. They have won the tournament (and its predecessors) outright 27 times, most recently in 2019, which was also a Grand Slam. Wales has also participated in every Rugby World Cup since the competition was established in 1987; they finished third in the inaugural tournament, a record they have not since matched. Wales was the host nation for the 1999 Rugby World Cup, although matches were also played in England, Scotland, Ireland and France.\nThe Wales team experienced their first 'golden age' between 1900 and 1911; they first played New Zealand in 1905, winning 3\u20130 in a famous match at Cardiff Arms Park, and between March 1907 and January 1910, they won 11 consecutive matches, a record that stood for over a century. Welsh rugby struggled between the two World Wars, but experienced a second 'golden age' between 1969 and 1980, when they won eight Five Nations Championships. Since 2005, Wales have won five Six Nations titles, including four Grand Slams, and finished fourth at both the 2011 Rugby World Cup and 2019 Rugby World Cup; they also won 14 consecutive matches between March 2018 and March 2019, and reached number 1 in the World Rugby Rankings for the first time in August 2019. Eight former Welsh players have been inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame; 10 were inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame prior to its 2014 merger into the World Rugby Hall.", "Q543814": "Sergi L\u00f3pez i Ayats (born 22 December 1965) is a Spanish actor mostly known for his work on Dirty Pretty Things, Solo m\u00eda, and Pan's Labyrinth.", "Q8097": "Telugu (English: ; \u0c24\u0c46\u0c32\u0c41\u0c17\u0c41 [telu\u0261u]) is the most spoken Dravidian language and is spoken predominantly in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana (where it is official) and in the Union Territories of Puducherry (Yanam) and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands by the Telugu people. It stands alongside Hindi and English as one of the few languages with primary official language status in more than one Indian state. Telugu is also a linguistic minority in the states of Odisha, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Maharashtra. It is one of six languages designated a classical language of India by the country's government.Telugu ranks 4th among the languages with the highest number of native speakers in India, with 6.7 percent at the 2011 census, and fifteenth in the Ethnologue list of most widely-spoken languages worldwide. It is the most widely spoken member of the Dravidian language family, and one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic of India. It is also the fastest growing language in the United States, where there is a large Telugu-speaking community. Roughly 10,000 pre-colonial inscriptions exist in the Telugu language.", "Q100516": "Walter Schultze (1 January 1894 \u2013 16 August 1979) was a German physician and Reichsdozentenf\u00fchrer (Reich Leader of University Teachers) in Nazi Germany between 1935 and 1943.\n\n", "Q321574": "Dominic Francis Moraes (19 July 1938 \u2013 2 June 2004) was an Indian writer and poet who published nearly 30 books in English language. He is widely seen as a foundational figure in Indian English literature. His poems are a meaningful and substantial contribution to Indian and World literature.", "Q118359": "Bastien Girod (born 21 December 1980) is a Swiss politician, sustainability researcher, corporate and industry advisor.", "Q138089": "The Philadelphia 76ers (also commonly known as the Sixers) are an American professional basketball team based in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The 76ers compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division and play at Wells Fargo Center. Founded in 1946 and originally known as the Syracuse Nationals, they are one of the oldest franchises in the NBA, and one of only eight (out of 23) to survive the league's first decade.\nThe 76ers have had a prominent history, with many of the greatest players in NBA history having played for the organization, including Wilt Chamberlain, Dolph Schayes, Hal Greer, Billy Cunningham, Julius Erving, Moses Malone, Charles Barkley, and Allen Iverson. They have won three NBA championships, with their first coming as the Syracuse Nationals in 1955. The second title came in 1967, a team which was led by Chamberlain. The third title came in 1983, won by a team led by Erving and Malone. The 76ers have only been back to the NBA Finals once since then: in 2001, where they were led by Iverson and lost to the Los Angeles Lakers in five games.", "Q73270": "Paul Durcan (born 16 October 1944) is a contemporary Irish poet.", "Q618670": "Azita Youssefi (Persian: \u0622\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0641\u06cc\u200e), born January 18, 1971 in St. Louis, Missouri, is an Iranian-American experimental musician, artist and music teacher based in Chicago. She was originally associated with the Chicago no wave scene, which included bands such as the Scissor Girls, U.S. Maple and Bride of No No.\nShe has been a voice and piano teacher at Chicago's Old Town School of Folk Music since 2002, and has served as composer and musical director for theater productions of musicals by Brian Torrey Scott.", "Q86789": "Mirjam Weichselbraun (born 27 September 1981) is an Austrian television host and actress, best known in Austria for presenting Dancing Stars, Life Ball and the Vienna Opera Ball. She is best known outside Austria for presenting the Eurovision Song Contest in 2015.", "Q273232": "\u00c8ve Gagnier (November 12, 1930 \u2013 September 19, 1984) was an actress and singer in Quebec, Canada.The daughter of Ren\u00e9 Gagnier, a musician, conductor and composer, she was born in Montreal and was educated at the Conservatoire de musique du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, studying voice with Martial Singher, piano with Auguste Descarries and harp with Marcel Grandjany.In 1957, Gagnier took on the role of Tite-Ange in the film \"Le Survenant\", followed by the same role in the television series \"Au chenal du moine\"; this first brought her to the attention of the Quebec public. From 1954 to 1966, she performed as a singer on the program \"L'Heure du concert\". She went on to perform in various operettas and musical comedies on stage and on CBC radio and television. She also provided voices for various children's programs such as \"Passe-Partout\".Her sister Claire was also a well-known singer.She died in Montreal at the age of 53 at the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Montr\u00e9al after suffering from kidney problems.Rue \u00c8ve-Gagnier in Montreal was named in her honour.", "Q543800": "Yl\u00f6j\u00e4rvi (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8yl\u00f8j\u00e6r\u028bi]) is a town and a municipality in the Pirkanmaa region, 14 kilometres (9 mi) west of Tampere and 189 kilometres (117 mi) north of Finland's capital city Helsinki.\nThe town has a population of 32,962 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 1,324.14 square kilometres (511.25 sq mi) of which 208.62 km2 (80.55 sq mi) is water. The population density is 29.55 inhabitants per square kilometre (76.5/sq mi). The population has increased rapidly in recent years, in 1990 it was slightly over 18,000. On 31 December 2011 it was 30,942.\nNeighbouring municipalities are H\u00e4meenkyr\u00f6, Ikaalinen, Kihni\u00f6, Nokia, Parkano, Ruovesi, Tampere and Virrat.\nThe municipality of Viljakkala was consolidated with Yl\u00f6j\u00e4rvi on January 1, 2007. The municipality of Kuru was consolidated with Yl\u00f6j\u00e4rvi on January 1, 2009.", "Q864836": "Zhovkva (Ukrainian: \u0416\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0432\u0430 [\u02c8\u0292\u0254u\u032fkw\u0250]; Polish: \u017b\u00f3\u0142kiew; Yiddish: \u05d6\u05d0\u05b8\u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05d0\u05b7\u200e, romanized: Zolkva; Russian: \u0416\u043e\u0301\u043b\u043a\u0432\u0430, 1951\u20131992: \u041d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 Nesterov) is a city in Lviv Oblast (region) of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Zhovkva Raion (district). Its population is approximately 13,834\u2009(2017 est.).", "Q16729989": "Michelle Hurst (born June 1, 1953) is an American actress. She played Miss Claudette Pelage in the first season of the web television series Orange Is the New Black.", "Q64718": "Victor Hasselblad (8 March 1906 \u2013 5 August 1978) was a Swedish inventor and photographer, known for inventing the Hasselblad 6x6 cm medium format camera.", "Q438518": "Ted Skjellum (born March 4, 1972), also known by the stage name Nocturno Culto, is a Norwegian musician best known as the vocalist, lead guitarist, and partial bassist (shared with Fenriz) of the influential black metal band Darkthrone. He has been with the band since 1988. He is also the vocalist of the band Sarke, and has a solo project called Gift of Gods. He currently works in Norway as a school teacher, and has a son and a daughter. He has also released a documentary film called The Misanthrope in which he deals with black metal music and life in Norway.", "Q99865": "Johann Paulus Appler (June 13, 1892 \u2013 December 21, 1978) was a member of the NSDAP (Nazi Party) and World War I veteran.", "Q255593": "Nilla Pizzi, stage name of Adionilla Pizzi (Italian: [(adjo)\u02c8nilla \u02c8pittsi]; 16 April 1919 \u2013 12 March 2011), was an Italian singer.\nBorn in Sant'Agata Bolognese, she was particularly famous in Italy during the 1950s and 1960s. She won the first edition of the San Remo Festival in 1951, singing \"Grazie dei fiori\", and the second edition (1952), with \"Vola colomba\". Her hits include \"Papaveri e papere\", the original version of \"Poppa Piccolino\".", "Q109240": "Chilperic II (c. 672 \u2013 13 February 721), known as Daniel prior to his coronation, was the youngest son of Childeric II and his half-cousin, king of Neustria from 715 and sole king of the Franks from 718 until his death. \nAs an infant, he was spirited to a monastery to protect his life from the internecine feuding of his family. There, he was raised as Daniel until the death of Dagobert III in 715, when he was taken from the monastery \u2014 at the age of forty-three \u2014 and raised on the shield of the Neustrian warriors as king, as was the custom. He took the royal name of Chilperic, though due to his monastic upbringing, he was a very different man from Chilperic I.\nFirst, it appears he was supposed to be but a tool in the hands of Ragenfrid, the mayor of the palace of Neustria, acclaimed in 714 in opposition to Theudoald, Pepin of Heristal's designated heir. Chilperic, however, was his own man: both a fighter and a leader, always at the forefront in battle at the head of his troops. In 716, he and Ragenfrid together led an army into Austrasia, then being warred over by Plectrude, on behalf of her grandson Theudoald, and Charles Martel, the son of Pepin of Heristal. The Neustrians allied with another invading force under Radbod, King of the Frisians and met Charles in battle near Cologne, then held by Plectrude. Chilperic was victorious and Charles fled to the mountains of the Eifel. The king and his mayor then turned to besiege their other rival in the city. Plectrude acknowledged Chilperic as king, gave over the Austrasian treasury, and abandoned her grandson's claim to the mayoralty.\nAt this juncture, events took a turn against Chilperic. As he and Ragenfrid were leading their triumphant soldiers back to Neustria, Charles fell on them near Malmedy and in the Battle of Ambl\u00e8ve, Charles routed them and they fled. Thereafter, Charles Martel remained virtually undefeated and Chilperic's strong will was subdued in a series of campaigns waged in Neustrian territory.\nIn 717, Charles returned to Neustria with an army and confirmed his supremacy with a victory at Vincy, near Cambrai. He chased the fleeing king and mayor to Paris before turning back to deal with Plectrude and Cologne. On succeeding there, he proclaimed Chlothar IV king of Austrasia in opposition to Chilperic. In 718, Chilperic, in response, allied with Odo the Great, the duke of Aquitaine who had made himself independent during the contests in 715, but he was again defeated by Charles, at Soissons. The king fled with his ducal ally to the land south of the Loire and Ragenfrid fled to Angers. Soon Chlothar IV died. Odo then gave up on Chilperic and, in exchange for Charles recognising Chilperic's kingship over all the Franks, the king surrendered his political power to Charles, whom he recognized as Mayor over all the kingdoms (718).\nIn 719, he was officially raised on the shield as king of all the Franks, but he survived but a year and his successors were mere rois fain\u00e9ants. He died in Attigny and was buried in Noyon. Chilperic II may have been the father of Childeric III, but this remains uncertain.", "Q234179": "Rebekah Mary Brooks (n\u00e9e Wade; born 27 May 1968) is a British journalist and former newspaper editor. She was chief executive officer of News International from 2009 to 2011, having previously served as the youngest editor of a British national newspaper at News of the World, from 2000 to 2003, and the first female editor of The Sun, from 2003 to 2009. Brooks married actor Ross Kemp in 2002. They divorced in 2009 and she married former racehorse trainer and author Charlie Brooks.\nBrooks was a prominent figure in the News International phone hacking scandal, having been the editor of the News of the World from 2000 to 2003 when one of the stories which involved illegal phone hacking was carried out by the newspaper. Following a criminal trial in 2014 she was cleared of all charges by a jury at the Old Bailey, which accepted her defence: that in the circumstances she had no knowledge of the illegal acts carried out by staff at the newspaper.In September 2015, Brooks was confirmed as CEO of News UK, the renamed News International, re-establishing the working relationship with News Corp founder and chairman Rupert Murdoch.", "Q61660": "Otto Max Koegel (16 October 1895 \u2013 27 June 1946) was a Nazi officer who served as a commander at Lichtenburg, Ravensbr\u00fcck, Majdanek and Flossenb\u00fcrg concentration camps.\n\n", "Q95087": "Wayne G. Hammond (Wayne Gordon Hammond; born February 11, 1953 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American scholar known for his research and writings on the works of J. R. R. Tolkien. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree with Honors as an English major at Baldwin-Wallace College in 1975 and Master of Arts in Library Science from the University of Michigan in 1976. From August 1976 to June 2015 he was Assistant Librarian of the Chapin Library of Rare Books at Williams College, and in July 2015 was promoted to Chapin Librarian.\nIn 1994 Hammond married fellow Tolkien scholar Christina Scull and the two have since collaborated on several projects.", "Q353848": "Adela \u00dacar Innerarity (Bilbao, 1980) is a Spanish journalist, host and producer.\nShe studied Audiovisual Communication at the University of Navarre with a postgraduate course in Documentary Direction at the University of Melbourne (Australia), and she started working for Discovery Networks Asia in Singapore in 2004, after winning the international competition Discovery Channel \"Reel Race\" in 2003.", "Q1368417": "Walter William Herger Jr. (born May 20, 1945) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1987 until 2013, representing California's 2nd congressional district, the largest congressional district by area in California. It covers almost all of interior northern California including, Chico, Redding and Red Bluff. On January 10, 2012, Herger announced he would not seek re-election to the House in November.\n\n", "Q323377": "Gaston Modot (31 December 1887 \u2013 20 February 1970) was a French actor. For more than 50 years he performed for the cinema working with a number of French directors.", "Q688511": "Soglio is a village and a former municipality in the district of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons close to the border with Italy. It is now part of the municipality of Bregaglia.", "Q67211": "Zell is a municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q353690": "Adel Emam (Arabic: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u200e; born May 17, 1940) is an Egyptian legendary film, television, and stage actor. He is primarily a comedian, but he has starred in more serious works and, especially in his earlier films, has combined comedy with romance.\nEmam earned a bachelor's degree in Agriculture from Cairo University. Since then he has appeared in over 103 movies and 10 plays. He is one of the most famous actors and comedians in Egypt, the Arab world, entire MENA and even has some international audience, he has received critical (mainly politically and popular praise throughout his career). Emam's roles have displayed a wide range of humour including slapstick, farce, and even the occasional double entendre. His character archetype is an individual down on his luck who rises above powerful outside pressures.\nIn January 2000, the United Nations appointed Emam as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNHCR", "Q1725938": "Skeeter Bonn (Junior Lewis Boughan, 6 April 1923 \u2013 6 November 1994) was a singer and guitar player on several national country music radio programs and had several singles on RCA Victor in the 1950s. He was known as the \"pickin' and singing' boy\".He was born in 1923 in Sugarville, a small settlement in Fulton County, Illinois. At age 13 he left the family farm for nearby Canton. He joined the United States Navy in 1942, married Mary Louise Strode of Canton in 1945, and received an honorable discharge from the Navy in 1946.He won a singing championship in Illinois in 1949, and by 1951 he was on the Iowa Barn Dance Frolic on WHO (AM) in Des Moines, Iowa. After that he was a regular on the WLS National Barn Dance from Chicago, WLW Midwestern Hayride from Cincinnati, and WWVA Jamboree from Wheeling, West Virginia.In addition to his ten or so singles on RCA Victor, he also had a single on Sims Records, No. 325 \"Let Me Be The One\", backed with \"Off To Vietnam (In The Green)\".", "Q92930": "Theodore Yue Tak Ts'o (\u66f9\u5b50\u5fb7) (born 1968) is a software engineer mainly known for his contributions to the Linux kernel, in particular his contributions to file systems. He is the primary developer and maintainer of e2fsprogs, the userspace utilities for the ext2, ext3 and ext4 filesystems, and is a maintainer for the ext4 file system.", "Q29618": "Bonnie Jeanne Dunbar (born March 3, 1949) is a former NASA astronaut. She retired from NASA in September 2005 then served as president and CEO of The Museum of Flight until April 2010. From January 2013 - December 2015, Dr. Dunbar lead the University of Houston's STEM Center (science, technology, engineering and math) and was a faculty member in the Cullen College of Engineering. Currently, she is a professor of aerospace engineering at Texas A&M University and serves as Director of the Institute for Engineering Education and Innovation (IEEI), a joint entity in the Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station (TEES) and the Dwight Look College of Engineering at Texas A&M University.", "Q196560": "Allen Kelsey Grammer (born February 21, 1955) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, singer, producer, director, writer and activist, best known for his two-decade-long portrayal of psychiatrist Dr. Frasier Crane on the NBC sitcoms Cheers and Frasier. He produced the sitcom Girlfriends, which aired on UPN and The CW. Grammer has won five Primetime Emmy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, one Daytime Emmy Award and one Tony Award; additionally, he has also worked as a television producer, director, and writer.\n\n", "Q435982": "Sharon Isbin (born August 7, 1956) is a multiple Grammy Award winning American classical guitarist and the founding director of the guitar department at the Juilliard School.", "Q77764": "Joseph B\u00fcrckel (30 March 1895, in Lingenfeld, Germersheim \u2013 28 September 1944, in Neustadt an der Weinstra\u00dfe) was a Nazi Germany politician and a member of the German parliament (the Reichstag). He was an early member of the Nazi Party and was influential in the rise of the National Socialist movement.", "Q268612": "Riverside is a progressive rock band from Warsaw, Poland. It was founded in 2001 by friends Mariusz Duda, Piotr Grudzi\u0144ski, Piotr Kozieradzki and Jacek Melnicki, who shared a love for progressive rock and heavy metal, although Duda, the main lyricist and composer of the band, was originally a fan of electronic, ambient and experimental music, like Radiohead, Massive Attack, Dead Can Dance, Tangerine Dream, and Peter Gabriel. Riverside can be described as a blend of atmospheric rock and metal elements, resulting in a sound similar to that of Porcupine Tree, The Mars Volta, Opeth, and Dream Theater, while still maintaining an identity of their own.", "Q93390": "Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria (Elisabeth Marie Henriette Stephanie Gisela; 2 September 1883 \u2013 16 March 1963) was the only child of Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria and Princess St\u00e9phanie of Belgium, and a granddaughter of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and King Leopold II of the Belgians. She was known to the family as \"Erzsi\", a diminutive of her name in Hungarian. Later nicknamed \"The Red Archduchess\", she was famous for becoming a socialist and a member of the Austrian Social Democratic Party.", "Q662876": "The Karlesspitze or Grubspitze is a mountain in the Schnalskamm group of the \u00d6tztal Alps on the border between Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy.", "Q67577": "Rapperswil is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It lies 13 km (8.1 mi) north of the capital Bern. On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Ruppoldsried merged into Rapperswil. On 1 January 2016 the former municipality of Bangerten merged into Rapperswil.", "Q345794": "Marian-Jean Marinescu (born August 11, 1952) is a Romanian politician and member of the [National Liberal Party (Romania)|(PNL), part of the European People's Party\u2013European Democrats. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Dolj County, he became a Member of the European Parliament on January 2007, with the accession of Romania to the European Union. He is a Grand Officer of the Order of the Star of Romania.\nMarian-Jean Marinescu has been vice-president of the PPE Group for two legislatures, chair of the PPE Working Group \"Budgets and Structural Policies\", coordinator of the PPE working group for the Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027, Vice-Coordinator of the Transport and Tourism Commission (TRAN), Vice-President of the \"Sky and Space\" Intergroup, member of the Board of Directors of the European Agency for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GSA), ambassador and founding member of the Erasmus program for entrepreneurs .\nIn the new legislature 2019 - 2024, Marian-Jean Marinescu continues his activity in the committees of which he was a member previously, namely: member in the Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN), alternate member in the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE) ) and an alternate member of the Committee on Budgetary Control (CONT), as well as coordinator of the PPE group for transport policies.\nA fluent speaker of French and English, Marian-Jean Marinescu has a solid administrative experience at national level, being deputy in the Romanian Parliament, County Councilor - Dolj County Council - Municipal Councilor Local Craiova and Prefect - Dolj County Prefect Institution.\nDuring the activity, Marian-Jean Marinescu was twice awarded the MEP of the Year (2014 and 2016), in the Research - Innovation section, the Personality of the Year Award in the field of aviation, granted by the European Business Aviation Association (EBAA) in 2017, Red Arrow Award 2017 for Europe's Essential Commitment - Future Business Austria Conference.\nIn the 2014 - 2019 legislature Marinescu was ranked the most active Romanian MEP, with a portfolio of 15 reports as principal rapporteur, 20 alternative reports and 5 opinion reports, as well as one of the ones more influential Romanian MEPs, according to VoteWatch's April 2019 ranking.\nBorn in R\u00e2mnicu V\u00e2lcea, Marinescu graduated from the Bucharest Politehnica Institute's Faculty of Aerospace engineering in 1976, and subsequently worked as an engineer for Avioane SA and Aviation Institute branch in Craiova.\nHe entered politics in 1992, as a member of the PDL (known then as Democratic Party, PD), when he was elected a member of the Craiova City Council. Marinescu was elected Vice-president of the PD local section in Craiova (1994) and Dolj County (1997), and, in 2001, Secretary for Dolj County and Oltenia. He served as prefect of Dolj under the Romanian Democratic Convention cabinet (1996-2000), and, after 2004, he was a member of the Dolj County Council, before winning a seat in the 2004 legislative election on the Justice and Truth common list.\nHe is married with three children.", "Q102473": "Rudolf Bachmann (August 10, 1925 in Westheim \u2013 March 27, 1998 in Gunzenhausen) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.", "Q474060": "Amore & Vita\u2013Prodir (UCI team code: AMO) is a continental cycling team founded in 1989. It is registered in Latvia and it participates in UCI Continental Circuits races.", "Q28260": "Lincoln is the capital city of the U.S. state of Nebraska and the county seat of Lancaster County. The city covers 96.194 square miles (249.141 km2) with a population of 287,401 in 2018. It is the second-most populous city in Nebraska and the 70th-largest in the United States. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area in the southeastern part of the state called the Lincoln Metropolitan and Lincoln-Beatrice Combined Statistical Areas. The statistical area is home to 356,083 people, making it the 105th-largest combined statistical area in the United States.\nThe city was founded in 1856 as the village of Lancaster on the wild salt marshes of what was to become Lancaster County. Renamed after President Abraham Lincoln, it became Nebraska's state capital in 1869. The Bertram G. Goodhue-designed state capitol building was completed in 1932, and is the second tallest capitol in the United States. As the city is the seat of government for the state of Nebraska, the state and the United States government are major employers. The University of Nebraska was founded in Lincoln in 1869. The university is the largest in Nebraska with 26,079 students enrolled, and is the city's third-largest employer. Other primary employers fall into the service and manufacturing industries, including a growing high-tech sector. The region makes up a part of what is known as the greater Midwest Silicon Prairie.\nDesignated as a refugee-friendly city by the U.S. Department of State in the 1970s, the city was the twelfth-largest resettlement site per capita in the United States by 2000. Refugee Vietnamese, Karen (Burmese ethnic minority), Sudanese and Yazidi (Iraqi ethnic minority) people, as well as other refugees from Iraq and the Middle East, have been resettled in the city. During the 2018\u201319 school year, Lincoln Public Schools provided support for approximately 3,000 students from 150 countries, who spoke 125 different languages.", "Q717543": "Arvo Henrik Ylpp\u00f6 (27 October 1887 \u2013 28 January 1992) was a Finnish pediatrician who significantly decreased Finnish infant mortality during the 20th century. He is credited as the father of Finland's public child welfare clinic system, and held the title of archiater for forty years.\nYlpp\u00f6 was born in 1887 in Akaa, Finland into a farming family. He was apparently born premature and remained small in stature through his life. He entered the University of Helsinki in 1906 and decided to specialize in pediatric medicine. In 1912 he moved to the Imperial Children's Hospital in Berlin, Germany, where he wrote his thesis about infants' bilirubin metabolism in 1913. It was printed in Germany. He graduated as medical doctor in March 1914 in Helsinki.\nWhile in Germany, Ylpp\u00f6 concentrated on research about children's pathological anatomy and attracted international recognition. In his research, he observed that deaths of prematurely born infants are usually due to treatable conditions rather than simple underdevelopment, which motivated advancement of treatment of and science related to prematurely born infants.\nWhen he returned to Finland, in 1920, he became a teacher in Helsinki University Hospital. In 1925 his post became the post for professor of pediatry.\nYlpp\u00f6 continued his research, wrote extensively to medical journals about child care. He supported efforts to expand Finnish nurse training, Finnish pharmacy industry, and public awareness about medical matters. From 1920 to 1963 he was chief physician for the Helsinki Children's Castle (Lastenlinna) hospital. He also had a private practice in Helsinki.\nArvo Ylpp\u00f6 retired 1957 but still sponsored many childcare initiatives. He died in January 1992 at the age of 104. He is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.", "Q75173": "Theophil Heinrich Wurm (7 December 1868, Basel \u2013 28 January 1953, Stuttgart) was the son of a pastor and was a leader in the German Protestant Church in the early twentieth century.\nWurm was active in politics. He was a member of the Christian Social Party before World War I, and thereafter of the Citizens\u2019 Party. He held a seat in the W\u00fcrttemberg State Parliament (German: Landtag) until 1920.\nAs a young man Wurm was a prison chaplain, and became a parish pastor when he was 45. He progressed in the hierarchy of the Lutheran Evangelical State Church in W\u00fcrttemberg and became church president in 1929, with this office being retitled into Landesbischof (bishop of the regional Protestant church) in 1933. Like many churchmen, he initially favored the Nazi regime, but its church policy soon moved him into opposition.\nIn September 1934 Wurm was deposed from his bishopric by Reich's bishop Ludwig M\u00fcller because of his views on church policy (including the Barmen Declaration), and was placed under house arrest. These extreme measures were eventually rescinded by Hitler in the wake of protests and the stripping of power from M\u00fcller. Wurm then held the office of bishop until 1948.\nWurm withdrew from the German Christians and aligned himself with the Confessing Church, attending its synods, but he did not advocate the more extreme policies of the church's more militant wing. Nevertheless, he was not politically apathetic and made numerous complaints to the Nazi party and the Nazi state. After the start of the war, he protested the murders of psychiatric patients under the Nazi euthanasia program. Wurm and the Catholic Bishop of M\u00fcnster, Clemens August Graf von Galen, were able to lead widespread public opposition to the murder of invalids. This earned him a 1944 ban against public speaking and writing.\nHe associated with the resistance movements that centered on Carl Goerdeler and Ludwig Beck.\nHe was admired by his fellow churchmen and in 1945 (in connection with the Allies' de-nazification efforts) he was elected chairman of the Council of the newly created Protestant umbrella Evangelical Church in Germany.\nHe was a signatory of the October 1945 Stuttgart Declaration of Guilt.", "Q90841": "Friedrich Wilhelm Sollmann, later William Frederick Sollmann (1 April 1881 \u2013 6 January 1951) was a German journalist, politician, and interior minister of the Weimar Republic. In 1919, he was on the staff of the German delegation that was to receive the Treaty of Versailles. In 1933, he emigrated and eventually moved to the United States where he became an advocate for the peaceful resolution of conflicts.", "Q1738969": "Kenny H\u00e5kansson is a Swedish musician, best known as the bassist for the Hellacopters. The Hellacopters were founded by H\u00e5kansson's childhood friend Nicke Andersson as a side project to his role as a drummer in the heavy metal band Entombed.", "Q91587": "Manfred Krug (8 February 1937 \u2013 21 October 2016) was a German actor, singer and author.", "Q34649": "Lucile \"Lucy\" Quarry Mann (January 11, 1897 \u2013 November 27, 1986) was an American writer, editor, and explorer who worked for the Smithsonian\u2019s National Zoological Park in Washington, D.C. Mann was also the wife of William M. Mann, the Director of the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park She traveled around the world with her husband, raised baby animals at home, authored several books, and worked to promote the Smithsonian and the National Zoo. Mann served as an editor for the National Zoo for fifteen years.", "Q192706": "William Gilbert (; 24 May 1544 \u2013 30 November 1603), also known as Gilberd, was an English physician, physicist and natural philosopher. He passionately rejected both the prevailing Aristotelian philosophy and the Scholastic method of university teaching. He is remembered today largely for his book De Magnete (1600), and is credited as one of the originators of the term \"electricity\". He is regarded by some as the father of electrical engineering or electricity and magnetism.A unit of magnetomotive force, also known as magnetic potential, was named the Gilbert in his honour.", "Q449487": "Florence Rena Sabin (November 9, 1871 \u2013 October 3, 1953) was an American medical scientist. She was a pioneer for women in science; she was the first woman to hold a full professorship at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, the first woman elected to the National Academy of Sciences, and the first woman to head a department at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. During her years of retirement, she pursued a second career as a public health activist in Colorado, and in 1951 received the Albert Lasker Public Service Award for this work.", "Q73502": "Jamie Anne Allman is an American actress. She is known for her role as Terry Marek on AMC's The Killing.", "Q1867690": "Loco Dice (born Yassine Ben Achour on 10 August 1974) DJ and electronic music producer born in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany as the son of Tunisian immigrants.\nThe roots of his love for music stem from hearing soul and funk in the kitchen, and holidays with his mother in Tunisia. During these trips, he absorbed North African and Middle Eastern folk music influences. He also snuck away to watch his grandfather playing backgammon on the streets where he managed to walk away with enough pieces of dice that he eventually accumulated his own personal collection. This is how he earned his infamous nickname that eventually was combined with Loco which, was coined from the days spent in Ibiza during the 90\u2019s\u2026 but that\u2019s another story.\nThe streets of Flingern in D\u00fcsseldorf and youth clubs were important during the formative years, with a strong influence from hip hop culture \u2013 from dancing to Beat Street and Michael Jackson, graffiti tagging, to rapping in the 90\u2019s and touring with Ice Cube. Already with a few releases under his belt, this brought him recognition by the infamous Death Row Records who asked him to go on tour with Snoop Dogg. The DJing came later through tireless hours of searching for new music and practicing.\nIn 1998, after several singles, and residencies in the top European hip hop clubs, Loco Dice discovered the world of electronic music and ventures onto a new path from scratch. One of the key figures from that time was Timo Maas with whom Loco Dice got his first taste of touring around the world and the other one was Martin Buttrich, who opened up the world of electronic music production. His first release in the electronic realm was \u201cPhat Dope shit\u201d in 2002. What followed were releases on the top labels in the industry as well as remixes for the likes of Mousse T, Kevin Saunderson, Basement Jaxx, Black Coffee, Terre Thaemlitz, Nightmares On Wax, Moby, Disclosure, Skrillex, Boys Noize and Ty Dolla $ign to name a few. \nIn 2006, Loco Dice really started to make some noise in the scene as he released tracks on the most respected labels such as M_nus, Cadenza, Ovum, and Cocoon all in that same year. That year also involved a brief relocation to Brooklyn where he created his label Desolat. \u201c7 Dunham Place\u201d, his debut album and inaugural release on the new imprint in 2007 encapsulates his time there. Dice\u2019s second album, \"Underground Sound Suicide\" was released in 2016 on Ultra Music, and featured collaborations with notable artists across the spectrum, including heavyweight hiphop producer Just Blaze, British rapper Giggs and soul icon Neneh Cherry. One of electronic music\u2019s most enduring and respected artists, he\u2019s always shown an uncanny ability to read the crowd and take them in an unexpected direction, as seen at his era-defining residencies at the infamous Tribehouse in Germany, as well as the iconic super clubs in Ibiza from Circoloco at DC-10, Used & Abused at Ushua\u00efa \n\nto the Amnesia terrace. His numerous appearances at internationally renowned venues and festivals around the globe have cemented that legacy, some of them being the legendary Dances into May at Panorama Bar in Berlin with sets that never lasted less than six hours\n, Under 300 Tour at some of the most iconic European underground clubs , or 24 hours set at Space Miami. Besides music Loco Dice is interested in visual imagery derived from elaborate film scripts. Some of it was manifested in his interest in collaborations: in 2004 he was part of the PlayStation 2 \u201cDecks & FX\u201d video game where he not only appeared in the game but also ended up on the packaging artwork itself. \n\nIt was also around this time where he used to moderate for MTV Germany in the noughties. \nHis affinity for fashion inspired his cut and sew merchandise line, which led to collaborations with Amsterdam fashion label Daily Paper\n \nand pro sports hat purveyors New Era.\n \nLoco Dice's passion for music and fashion led to critically acclaimed compositions of Runway Music for Italian fashion designer\u2019s Marcelo Burlon brand County of Milan for Milan Fashion Week in 2019 and 2020.\n\nHis style is also influenced by years spent on the dancefloor, absorbing the sounds and styles he came across. He feels privileged to have been part of an era when record stores were the center of a musical community, a place to dig for records, forging bonds and swapping knowledge.\nLoco Dice never leaves anything behind:\nWith Ser\u00e1n Bendecidos, Loco Dice has created a series of releases and events that echoes the ethos of unity, community and freedom focused on a group of artists comprised of Dice\u2019s companions from the past decade and a selection of new and exciting international guests into the core family.\n\nFurthermore, with his side project FKD Dice lives his passion for sounds other than those used in classic techno and house, and although Loco Dice\u2019s productions are full of hip hop references, with FKD he creates a connection between his ideal fusion of hip hop and electronic music.\n\nIn 2020 Loco Dice founded his second record label, En Couleur. En Couleur is the outlet for Dice's solo productions and all sorts of collaborations with friends and other artists.\nLoco Dice merges perspectives in his delicate sense for sounds and reflective atmospheres, underpinned with solid, physical grooves. You can call it techno if you want, or house, but don\u2019t try to reduce it any further \u2013 Dice is most interested in the uncharted territory between genres, the elements that link everything together. Dice\u2019s own productions are meticulously planned, with a directorial, cinematic outlook, which permeates Dice\u2019s everyday life, and not just from the escapades and scrapes that he has sometimes found himself living out in real life.\nAt the end of the day, Dice sees everything running in loops and it\u2019s his job to trace a line to sketch out the next scenes. Even if life tends to be unpredictable, a little chancy, the next move doesn\u2019t have to be a gamble. In fact, Loco Dice shows via his compositions and endeavors that it can be very well planned. Listen to his music, imagine the cinematic accompaniments, and you\u2019ll understand how something carefully constructed can begin with a flight of fancy, or a roll of the dice.", "Q319799": "Russell Charles Means (November 10, 1939 \u2013 October 22, 2012) was an Oglala Lakota activist for the rights of American Indian people, libertarian political activist, actor, writer and musician, who became a prominent member of the American Indian Movement (AIM) after joining the organization in 1968 and helped organize notable events that attracted national and international media coverage.\nMeans was active in international issues of indigenous peoples, including working with groups in Central and South America and with the United Nations for recognition of their rights. He was active in politics at his native Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and at the state and national level.\nBeginning an acting career in 1992, he appeared on numerous television series and in several films, including The Last of the Mohicans and released his own music CD. He published his autobiography Where White Men Fear to Tread in 1995.", "Q108638": "Anja Niedringhaus (12 October 1965 \u2013 4 April 2014) was a German photojournalist who worked for the Associated Press (AP). She was the only woman on a team of 11 AP photographers that won the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography for coverage of the Iraq War. That same year she was awarded the International Women's Media Foundation's Courage in Journalism prize.Niedringhaus had covered Afghanistan for several years before she was killed on Friday, 4 April 2014, while covering the presidential election, after an Afghan policeman opened fire at the car she was waiting in at a checkpoint, part of an election convoy.", "Q1112471": "The Columbia Graphophone Company Limited (Columbia Graphophone Co. Ltd.) was one of the earliest gramophone companies in the United Kingdom. \nFounded in 1917 as an offshoot of the American Columbia Phonograph Company, it became an independent British-owned company in 1922 in a management buy-out after the parent company went into receivership. \nIn 1925 it acquired a controlling interest in its American parent company to take advantage of a new electrical recording process. The British firm also controlled the US operations from 1925 until 1931. That year Columbia Graphophone in the UK merged with the Gramophone Company (which sold records under the HMV label) to form EMI. At the same time, Columbia divested itself of its American branch, which was eventually absorbed by Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) in 1938.\nAs Columbia Records, it became a successful British label in the 1950s and 1960s, and was eventually replaced by the newly created EMI Records, as part of an EMI label consolidation. This in turn was absorbed by the Parlophone Records unit of Warner Music Group in 2013.", "Q4406987": "Samotsvety (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b, which means \"Semiprecious Stones\") is a Soviet VIA band formed in 1971, in Moscow. It became one of the more successful and better known VIA bands, recording a number of hits and serving as a springboard to fame for several Russian musicians, including Dmitry Malikov, Vladimir Presnyakov Sr., and Alexander Barykin.\n\n", "Q204904": "Anita Briem (born 29 May 1982) is an Icelandic actress. She is known for her role as Jane Seymour on The Tudors and her role as Hannah \u00c1sgeirsson in Journey to the Center of the Earth.\n\n", "Q78330": "Annette Groth (born 16 May 1954 in Bielefeld) is a German politician from Baden-Wuerttemberg.", "Q292967": "Celina Jaitly (born 24 November 1981) is an Indian film actress who mainly appears in Bollywood films. A former beauty queen and model, she won the Miss India in 2001 and was the 4th runner-up at Miss Universe 2001. She made her acting debut with the 2003 thriller Janasheen.", "Q114576": "Hans (Heinrich) Keller (11 March 1919 \u2013 6 November 1985) was an Austrian-born British musician and writer, who made significant contributions to musicology and music criticism, as well as being a commentator on such disparate fields as psychoanalysis and football. In the late 1950s, he invented the method of \"wordless functional analysis\", in which a musical composition is analysed in musical sound alone, without any words being heard or read. He worked full-time for the BBC between 1959 and 1979.", "Q36739": "The Postman Always Rings Twice is a 1981 American neo-noir erotic thriller film directed by Bob Rafelson and written by David Mamet (in his screenwriting debut). Starring Jack Nicholson and Jessica Lange, it is the fourth adaptation of the 1934 novel by James M. Cain. The film was shot in Santa Barbara, California.", "Q208681": "Kristoffer Kristofferson (born June 22, 1936) is an American singer-songwriter and actor. Among his songwriting credits are the songs \"Me and Bobby McGee\", \"For the Good Times\", \"Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down\", and \"Help Me Make It Through the Night\", all of which were hits for other artists. Kristofferson composed his own songs and collaborated with Nashville songwriters such as Shel Silverstein. In 1985, Kristofferson joined fellow country artists Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson and Johnny Cash in forming the country music supergroup The Highwaymen, and formed a key creative force in the outlaw country music movement that eschewed the Nashville music machine in favor of independent songwriting and producing.\nIn 2004, Kristofferson was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. He is also known for his starring roles in Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore, Heaven's Gate, Blume in Love, Blade and A Star Is Born, the last of which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor.", "Q474707": "Louis \"Loe\" de Jong (24 April 1914 in Amsterdam \u2013 15 March 2005 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch historian, specialised in the Netherlands in World War II and the Dutch resistance.\n\nThe magnum opus of Loe de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog (The Kingdom of the Netherlands During World War II), in fourteen volumes and 18,000 pages, is the standard reference on the history of the Netherlands during World War II. The Dutch Institute for War Documentation (NIOD) made an electronic edition of the entire work available for downloading from 11 December 2011, licensed under creative commons CC BY 3.0.de Jong contributed to many other histories on the Netherlands and spoke at symposia on the European resistance. In 1988 De Jong was awarded the Gouden Ganzenveer for his contributions to Dutch written and printed culture.\nIn 1963 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.Loe de Jong was Jewish by birth. He lost the greater part of his family, including his parents and his twin brother, during the Second World War.\nHe escaped The Holocaust by fleeing to England - together with his wife - when the Germans invaded the Netherlands. During this time he worked for Radio Oranje, broadcasting out of London to the occupied Netherlands.", "Q432752": "Valeri Nikolayevich Kubasov (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432; 7 January 1935 \u2013 19 February 2014) was a Soviet/Russian cosmonaut who flew on two missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 19 (the Apollo\u2013Soyuz mission), and commanded Soyuz 36 in the Intercosmos programme. On 21 July 1975, the Soyuz 7K-TM module used for ASTP landed in Kazakhstan at 5:51 p.m. and Kubasov was the first to exit the craft. Kubasov performed the first welding experiments in space, along with Georgy Shonin.\nKubasov was also involved in the development of the Mir space station. He retired from the Russian space program in November 1993 and was later deputy director of RKK Energia.\nKubasov evaded death twice during his space career. He was part of the crew that was originally intended to fly Soyuz 2, which was found to have the same faulty parachute sensor that resulted in Vladimir Komarov's death on Soyuz 1 and was later launched without a crew. Later, he was grounded for medical reasons before the Soyuz 11 flight, which killed the crew when the capsule was accidentally depressurised by a faulty valve.", "Q717224": "Krzysztof Wies\u0142aw Ho\u0142owczyc (pronounced [\u02c8k\u0282\u0268\u0282t\u0254f x\u0254\u02c8w\u0254ft\u0361\u0282\u0268t\u0361s]; born 4 June 1962 in Olsztyn, Poland) is a Polish rally driver. He won the Polish Rally Championship in 1995, 1996 and 1999 and the European Rally Championship in 1997. He was also member of European Parliament (2007\u20132009) from Civic Platform list.\n\n", "Q700758": "Saarland University (German: Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes) is a modern research university located in Saarbr\u00fccken, the capital of the German state of Saarland. It was founded in 1948 in Homburg in co-operation with France and is organized in six faculties that cover all major fields of science. In 2007, the university was recognized as an excellence center for computer science in Germany.\nThanks to bilingual German and French staff, the University has an international profile, which has been underlined by its proclamation as \"European University\" in 1950 and by establishment of Europa-Institut as its \"crown and symbol\" in 1951.\nNine academics have been honored with the highest German research prize, the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, while working at Saarland University.", "Q1026919": "California State University, Fresno (Fresno State) is a public university in Fresno, California. It is one of 23 campuses in the California State University system. The university had a Fall 2018 enrollment of 24,995 students. It offers bachelor's degrees in 60 areas of study, 45 master's degrees, 3 doctoral degrees, 12 certificates of advanced study, and 2 different teaching credentials.The university's unique facilities include an on-campus planetarium, on-campus raisin and wine grape vineyards, and a commercial winery, where student-made wines have won over 300 awards since 1997. Members of Fresno State's nationally ranked Top 10 Equestrian Team have the option of housing their horses on campus, next to indoor and outdoor arenas. Fresno State has a 50,000-square-foot (4,600 m2) Student Recreation Center and the third-largest library (by square footage) in the California State University system. The university is classified as a doctoral university with moderate research activity in the Carnegie Classification, as of the February 1, 2016 update.", "Q897767": "Brand X are a jazz fusion band formed in London in 1975. They were active until 1980, followed by a reformation between 1992\u20131999. Noted members included John Goodsall (guitar), Percy Jones (bass), Robin Lumley (keyboards) and Phil Collins (drums). Goodsall and Jones were the sole constant members throughout the band's existence.", "Q158768": "Jules Gustave Ren\u00e9 Coty (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0281\u0259ne k\u0254ti]; 20 March 1882 \u2013 22 November 1962) was President of France from 1954 to 1959. He was the second and last president of the Fourth French Republic.", "Q212801": "Suzanna Arundhati Roy (born 24 November 1961) is an Indian author best known for her novel The God of Small Things (1997), which won the Man Booker Prize for Fiction in 1997 and became the best-selling book by a non-expatriate Indian author. She is also a political activist involved in human rights and environmental causes. She is a truther who questions various terrorist attacks as false-flags done by the state.", "Q234178": "Bangor (English: ; Welsh: [\u02c8ba\u014b\u0261\u0254r]) is a cathedral city and community in Gwynedd, northwest Wales. It is the oldest city in Wales, and one of the smallest cities in the United Kingdom. Historically in Caernarfonshire, it is a university city with a population of 16,358 at the 2011 census, including around 10,500 students at Bangor University. It is one of only six places classed as a city in Wales, although it is only the 25th-largest urban area by population. At the 2001 census, 46.6 per cent of the non-student resident population spoke Welsh.", "Q33641": "Stanis\u0142aw Orzechowski, also known among others Stanis\u0142aw Or\u017cechowski Roxolan, Stanislaus Orichovius Polonus, Stanislaus Orichovius Ruthenus, Stanislai Okszyc Orzechowski Roxolani, Stanislas Orzechowski and Stanislaus Orzechowski (1513\u20131566) was a Ruthenian and Polish political writer. The son of a Catholic father and an Orthodox mother, he was a strict Roman Catholic for much of his life but at one stage, probably the 1540s, he appeared to have turned to Protestantism, which he later detracted from. He was highly critical of Protestant reformer Francesco Stancaro and authored a critique of him in around 1550, by which time he had turned his back on the Protestants.\nHe is considered to be an early champion of Polish nationalism and in his writings often defended the Golden Liberty and privileges of the Polish nobility.", "Q610239": "Xavier Chamorro Cardenal (31 December 1932 \u2013 4 January 2008), a Nicaraguan, was editor of El Nuevo Diario, a Nicaraguan newspaper.", "Q116361": "Patrick Chappatte (known simply as Chappatte, born 1967 in Karachi, Pakistan) is a Lebanese-Swiss cartoonist who draws for Le Temps, Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung (Sunday edition), the German news magazine Der Spiegel and the International New York Times. Born to a Lebanese mother and a Swiss father he was raised in Singapore and Switzerland. He also worked as an illustrator for the New York Times and as cartoonist for Newsweek. Many of his cartoons reflect events in Swiss and international news, such as the 9/11 attacks, the rise of the Swiss People's Party, and the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict. Chappatte lives between Los Angeles and Geneva.", "Q369519": "Tanedra Howard (born August 15, 1980) is an American actress. She is best known for winning the reality show Scream Queens and playing Simone Bethson in Saw VI and Saw 3D.", "Q12857": "Daniel Tammet (born 31 January 1979) is an English essayist, novelist, poet, translator, and autistic savant. His 2006 memoir, Born on a Blue Day, about his life with Asperger syndrome and savant syndrome, was named a \"Best Book for Young Adults\" in 2008 by the American Library Association Young Adult Library Services magazine. His second book, Embracing the Wide Sky, was one of France's best-selling books of 2009. His third book, Thinking in Numbers, was published on 16 August 2012 by Hodder & Stoughton in the United Kingdom and on 30 July 2013 by Little, Brown and Company in the United States and Canada. Mishenka, his first novel, was published in France and Quebec in 2016. His books have been published in over 20 languages. He was elected in 2012 to serve as a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.", "Q733392": "Filippo Turati (Italian: [fi\u02c8lippo tu\u02c8ra\u02d0ti]; 26 November 1857 \u2013 29 March 1932) was an Italian sociologist, criminologist, poet and socialist politician.", "Q2741723": "Waldemar Kita (born 1953 in Szczecin, Poland) is a Polish millionaire businessman residing in France.", "Q7178527": "Petr H\u00e1jek (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8p\u025btr\u0329 \u02c8\u0266a\u02d0j\u025bk]; 6 February 1940 \u2013 26 December 2016) was a Czech scientist in the area of mathematical logic and a professor of mathematics. Born in Prague, he worked at the Institute of Computer Science at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and as a lecturer at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics at the Charles University in Prague and at the Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering of the Czech Technical University in Prague.", "Q64719": "L\u00e4ufelfingen is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q321561": "Scent of a Woman is a 1992 American drama film produced and directed by Martin Brest that tells the story of a preparatory school student who takes a job as an assistant to an irritable, blind, medically retired Army officer. The film is a remake of Dino Risi's 1974 Italian film Profumo di donna, adapted by Bo Goldman from the novel Il buio e il miele (Italian: Darkness and Honey) by Giovanni Arpino and from the 1974 screenplay by Ruggero Maccari and Dino Risi. The film stars Al Pacino and Chris O'Donnell, with James Rebhorn, Philip Seymour Hoffman and Gabrielle Anwar.\nPacino won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance and the film was nominated for Best Director, Best Picture and Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published. The film won three major awards at the Golden Globe Awards: Best Screenplay, Best Actor and Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama.The film was shot primarily around New York state, and also on location at Princeton University, at the Emma Willard School, an all-girls school in Troy, New York, and at the Ethical Culture Fieldston School in New York City.", "Q1893710": "Marco Eneidi (November 1, 1956 - May 24, 2016) was an American jazz alto saxophonist. He was primarily associated with free jazz.Eneidi grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area, where he took lessons with Sonny Simmons. He moved to New York City in 1981 to study with Jimmy Lyons. He started to play with Jackson Krall, William Parker and Denis Charles. In 1984, he was hired by Bill Dixon to teach at Bennington College. In the early 1990s, he recorded his first important dates as a leader, such as Final Disconnect Notice. He was hired by Cecil Taylor, with whom he played in Europe. Eneidi moved back to the West Coast in the late 1990s, notably playing with Glenn Spearman. In 2005, he moved to Vienna, where he ran weekly free improvisation sessions until his move to Mexico in 2015.", "Q87482": "Mike Markart (born 1961-08-25 in Graz) is an Austrian author and playwright who was awarded the W\u00fcrth Literaturpreis in 2001 for his radio drama Magritte.\nPlays (selection):\n\nDie T\u00e4ter (2002)\nKalcher (2003)\nBoulevard-Kom\u00f6die (2003)Radio dramas (selection):\n\nMagritte (2000)\nIch weiss nicht wer ich bin ... (2002)\nDer dunkle Bellaviri (2005)", "Q176495": "The Federal State of Austria (Austrian German: Bundesstaat \u00d6sterreich\u2009; colloquially known as the St\u00e4ndestaat, \"Corporate State\") was a continuation of the First Austrian Republic between 1934 and 1938 when it was a one-party state led by the clerico-fascist Fatherland Front. The St\u00e4ndestaat concept, derived from the notion of St\u00e4nde (\"estates\" or \"corporations\"), was advocated by leading regime politicians such as Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt Schuschnigg. The result was an authoritarian government based on a mix of Italian Fascist and conservative Catholic influences.\nIt ended in March 1938 with the Anschluss (the German annexation of Austria). Austria would not become an independent country again until 1955, when the Austrian State Treaty ended the Allied occupation of Austria.", "Q25023": "Ezriel Carlebach (also Azriel; born Esriel Gotthelf Carlebach, Hebrew: \u05e2\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc \u05e7\u05e8\u05dc\u05d9\u05d1\u05da\u200e, Yiddish: \u05e2\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc \u05e7\u05d0\u05e8\u05dc\u05e2\u05d1\u05d0\u05da\u200e; November 7, 1908 \u2013 February 12, 1956) was a leading journalist and editorial writer during the period of Jewish settlement in Palestine and during the early days of the state of Israel. He was the first editor-in-chief of Israel's two largest newspapers, Yediot Ahronot, and then Ma'ariv.", "Q427439": "S\u00e1ri Fed\u00e1k (26 October 1879, Beregsz\u00e1sz (present-day Berehove, Ukraine) \u2013 25 May 1955, Budapest, Hungary) was a Hungarian actress and singer, one of the most well-known prima donnas of her time. According to American journalist and non-fiction writer Richard Traubner, Fed\u00e1k and S\u00e1ri Petr\u00e1ss remain \"the two best-remembered Hungarian female operetta stars of all time\".", "Q63076": "Carl, Prince of Leiningen, KG (Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Emich; 12 September 1804 \u2013 13 November 1856) was the third Prince of Leiningen and maternal half-brother of Queen Victoria. Leiningen served as a Bavarian lieutenant general, before he briefly played an important role in German politics as the first Prime Minister of the Provisorische Zentralgewalt government formed by the Frankfurt Parliament in 1848.", "Q110710": "Sunnyi Melles (born 7 October 1958 in Luxembourg, Luxembourg) is a Hungarian / Swiss actress active in Germany and Austria. She is the daughter of Austrian orchestral conductor Carl Melles and Judith von Rohonczy. Since 1993 she has been married to Prince Peter zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn.", "Q1751060": "The University of Trieste (Italian: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trieste, or UniTS) is a public research university in Trieste in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region in northeast Italy. The university consists of 10 departments, boasts a wide and almost complete range of university courses and has about 15,000 students and 1,000 professors. It was founded in 1924.\nThe historical international vocation of the University of Trieste is witnessed by its intense and high-level activity: Trieste is the centre of many research facilities, with which the university is connected by cooperation agreements. Among them, there are the International School for Advanced Studies, the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, the National Institute of Oceanography, the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, the Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste Facility, the Trieste sections of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) and Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), and many others, building up the so-called \"sistema Trieste\" (Trieste System).\nMoreover, the number of international inter-university co-operation agreements rapidly increased these last years. These agreements involve staff and student mobility, both within EU Programmes like the Socrates programme and agreements exclusively concerned with research activities.\nThe 2014 Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked it second among Italian universities. In 2019, U.S. News & World Report placed it at #67 among the top 100 universities in the world for Space Science. In the 2018 Round University Ranking of world universities, it stands at #99 for Life Sciences in the world.", "Q1860698": "Sergei Ivanovich Shmatk\u00f3 (born September 26, 1966) is a Russian businessman and politician specializing in the energy industry. He was Russia's Minister of Energy from May 2008 until May 2012.", "Q273233": "Paul Leroy Robeson ( ROHB-s\u0259n; April 9, 1898 \u2013 January 23, 1976) was an American bass baritone concert artist and stage and film actor who became famous both for his cultural accomplishments and for his political activism. Educated at Rutgers College and Columbia University, he was also a star athlete in his youth. He also studied Swahili and linguistics at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London in 1934. His political activities began with his involvement with unemployed workers and anti-imperialist students whom he met in Britain and continued with support for the Loyalist cause in the Spanish Civil War and his opposition to fascism. In the United States he also became active in the Civil Rights Movement and other social justice campaigns. His sympathies for the Soviet Union and for communism, and his criticism of the United States government and its foreign policies, caused him to be blacklisted during the McCarthy era.\nIn 1915, Robeson won an academic scholarship to Rutgers College, where he was twice named a consensus All-American in football, and was the class valedictorian. Almost 80 years later, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. He received his LL.B. from Columbia Law School while playing in the National Football League (NFL). At Columbia, he sang and acted in off-campus productions. After graduating, he became a figure in the Harlem Renaissance with performances in The Emperor Jones and All God's Chillun Got Wings.\nBetween 1925 and 1961, Robeson recorded and released some 276 distinct songs, many of which were recorded several times. The first of these were the spirituals \"Steal Away\" backed with \"Were You There\" in 1925. Robeson's recorded repertoire spanned many styles, including Americana, popular standards, classical music, European folk songs, political songs, poetry and spoken excerpts from plays.Robeson performed in Britain in a touring melodrama, Voodoo, in 1922, and in Emperor Jones in 1925, and scored a major success in the London premiere of Show Boat in 1928, settling in London for several years with his wife Eslanda. While continuing to establish himself as a concert artist, Robeson also starred in a London production of Othello, the first of three productions of the play over the course of his career. He also gained attention in the film production of Show Boat (1936) and other films such as Sanders of the River (1935) and The Proud Valley (1940). During this period, Robeson became increasingly attuned to the sufferings of people of other cultures, notably the British working class and the colonized peoples of the British Empire. He advocated for Republican forces during the Spanish Civil War and became active in the Council on African Affairs (CAA).\nReturning to the United States in 1939, during World War II Robeson supported the American and Allied war efforts. However, his history of supporting civil rights causes and pro-Soviet policies brought scrutiny from the FBI. After the war ended, the CAA was placed on the Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations and Robeson was investigated during the age of McCarthyism. Due to his decision not to recant his public advocacy, he was denied a passport by the U.S. State Department, and his income, consequently, plummeted. He moved to Harlem and from 1950 to 1955 published a periodical called Freedom which was critical of United States policies. His right to travel was eventually restored as a result of the 1958 United States Supreme Court decision, Kent v. Dulles. In the early 1960s he retired and lived the remaining years of his life privately in Philadelphia.", "Q1238235": "Dominique Lacasa (born 1976) is a German singer who has been performing since she was nine years old. She made her debut with her parents, Frank Sch\u00f6bel and Aurora Lacasa in a 1985 Christmas special. Later, she took classical and jazz training while touring with a pop band Two as One. Since 2008, she has performed as a solo artist, traveling from Alaska to New Zealand and experimenting with combinations of Latin rhythms, jazz, and pop.\n\n", "Q264029": "Emperor is a Norwegian black metal band formed in 1991, regarded as highly influential by critics and emerging black metal bands. The group split up in 2001, but reunited from 2005 to 2007 for a few festival dates and brief US tours, and again reunited in 2013 to 2014. Emperor reformed for the third time in 2016. The group was founded by Ihsahn (guitar/vocal) and Samoth (then, drums).", "Q357391": "James Kyson (born December 13, 1975) is a Korean\u2013American actor best known for his television work. One of his best known roles was Ando Masahashi on the NBC television series Heroes, and he has also made guest appearances on television series such as Hawaii Five-0, NCIS: Los Angeles, Sleepy Hollow, Elementary, and Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders.", "Q392973": "The White Moor (Romanian: De-a\u0219 fi... Harap Alb) is a 1965 Romanian fantasy film directed by Ion Popescu-Gopo. It was entered into the 4th Moscow International Film Festival where Popescu-Gopo won the award for Best Director.", "Q459695": "Brian Douglas Williams (born May 5, 1959) is an American journalist at NBC News, currently serving as the chief anchor for the network's cable news channel MSNBC and as host of the network's nightly wrap-up program, The 11th Hour with Brian Williams.Williams is known for his ten years as anchor and managing editor of NBC Nightly News, the evening news program on NBC. After Williams joined the program in December 2004, NBC News was awarded the Peabody Award for its coverage of Hurricane Katrina, and Williams accepted the award on behalf of the organization. In February 2015, Williams was suspended for six months from his position as Managing Editor and Anchor of NBC Nightly News for \"misrepresent[ing] events which occurred while he was covering the Iraq War in 2003\", and on June 18, 2015 he was demoted to breaking news anchor for MSNBC.", "Q1809148": "Lawrence Cowle Phipps (August 30, 1862 \u2013 March 1, 1958) was a United States Senator representing Colorado from 1919 until 1931.", "Q1474270": "Mark Harris Getty, (born July 9, 1960) is an Irish national British businessman and is co-founder and Chairman of Getty Images. He is the son of Gail Harris, and Sir John Paul Getty.", "Q1375447": "Mischa Auer (born Mikhail Semyonovich Unkovsky (\u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439), 17 November 1905 \u2013 5 March 1967) was a Russian-born American actor who moved to Hollywood in the late 1920s. He first appeared in film in 1928. Auer had a long career playing in many of the era's best known films. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1936 for his performance in the screwball comedy My Man Godfrey, which led to further zany comedy roles. He later moved into television and acted in films again in France and Italy well into the 1960s.", "Q156023": "Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart (26 July 1791 \u2013 29 July 1844), also known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Jr., was the youngest child of six born to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and his wife Constanze. He was the younger of his parents' two surviving children. He was a composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher from the late classical period whose musical style was of an early Romanticism, heavily influenced by his father's mature style.", "Q108639": "Paulus Stephanus Cassel (February 27, 1821 \u2013 December 23, 1892), born Selig Cassel, was a German Jewish convert to Christianity, writer, orator, and missionary to Jews.", "Q192707": "Charles Wade Barkley (born February 20, 1963) is an American retired professional basketball player who is currently an analyst on Inside the NBA. Nicknamed \"Chuck\", \"Sir Charles\" and \"the Round Mound of Rebound\", Barkley established himself as one of the National Basketball Association's most dominant power forwards. An All-American power forward at Auburn University, he was drafted as a junior by the Philadelphia 76ers with the 5th pick of the 1984 NBA draft. He was selected to the All-NBA First Team five times, the All-NBA Second Team five times, and once to the All-NBA Third Team. He earned eleven NBA All-Star Game appearances and was named the All-Star MVP in 1991. In 1993 with the Phoenix Suns, he was voted the league's Most Valuable Player, and during the NBA's 50th anniversary, named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History. He competed in the 1992 and 1996 Olympic Games and won two gold medals as a member of the United States' \"Dream Team\". Barkley is a two-time inductee into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, being inducted in 2006 for his individual career, and in 2010 as a member of the \"Dream Team\".Barkley was popular with the fans and media and made the NBA's All-Interview Team for his last 13 seasons in the league. He was frequently involved in on- and off-court fights and sometimes stirred national controversy, as in March 1991 when he spat on a young girl while attempting to spit at a heckler, and as in 1993 when he declared that sports figures should not be considered role models. Though shorter than the typical power forward, Barkley used his strength and aggressiveness to become one of the NBA's most dominant rebounders. He was a versatile player who had the ability to score, create plays, and defend. In 2000, he retired as the fourth player in NBA history to achieve 20,000 points, 10,000 rebounds and 4,000 assists.Since retiring as a player, Barkley has had a successful career as an NBA analyst. He works with Turner Network Television (TNT) alongside of Shaquille O'Neal, Kenny Smith, and Ernie Johnson as a studio pundit for its coverage of NBA games and is a spokesman for CDW. In addition, Barkley has written several books and has shown an interest in politics. In October 2008, he announced that he would run for Governor of Alabama in 2014, but he changed his mind in 2010.", "Q116407": "Pascal Broulis (born 3 April 1965 in Sainte-Croix, Vaud) is a Swiss politician. Since 2002, he has been a member of the Council of State in the canton of Vaud. He heads the cantonal finance department, and has been the President of the Council of State since 2007.\nBroulis was elected to Vaud's legislature, the Grand Council, in 1990, as a member of the Free Democratic Party.\nHe's the fourth candidate to the succession of Pascal Couchepin in the Swiss Federal Council.\n\n", "Q371430": "Iain Glen (born 24 June 1961) is a Scottish actor. Glen is best known for his roles as Dr. Alexander Isaacs/Tyrant in three films of the Resident Evil film series (2004\u20132016) and as Ser Jorah Mormont in the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones (2011\u20132019). Other notable roles include John Hanning Speke in Mountains of the Moon, Sir Richard Carlisle in Downton Abbey, the title role in Jack Taylor, and Jarrod Slade in Cleverman. He currently plays Bruce Wayne in the DC Universe series Titans.", "Q215808": "Wilhelm Christian Weitling (October 5, 1808 \u2013 January 25, 1871) was a German-born tailor, inventor, and radical political activist. Weitling gained fame in Europe as a social theorist before emigrating to the United States.\nIn addition to his extensive political writing, Weitling was a successful inventor of attachments for commercial sewing machines, including devices for double-stitching and the creation of button holes.", "Q2578668": "William Emerson Brock (March 14, 1872 \u2013 August 5, 1950) was a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1929 to 1931. \nBrock was born in Davie County, North Carolina, where he attended public school and engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1894. He then moved to Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and became a clerk in a general store.\nFrom 1896 until 1901 he worked as a tobacco salesman. In 1909 he moved to Chattanooga, Tennessee. In Chattanooga, Brock became involved in candy manufacturing, and also had involvements in insurance and banking interests. He became a trustee of the former University of Chattanooga, now the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Emory and Henry College, and also Martha Washington College.\nOn September 2, 1929, by the Governor of Tennessee, Henry Hollis Horton, appointed Brock to the vacancy in the U.S. Senate caused by the death of Lawrence D. Tyson; Horton had first offered the appointment to former Senator Luke Lea, who declined. On November 4, 1930, Brock was elected to the balance of this term. He did not run for the full six-year term that was on the ballot at the same time, and his service as a U.S. senator ended on March 3, 1931. He was succeeded by Cordell Hull.\nAfter leaving the Senate, Brock returned to his Chattanooga candy manufacturing business and remained involved in its operation until his death in 1950. He was buried at Forest Hills Cemetery in Chattanooga.\nBrock's grandson, William Emerson Brock III, was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives and a U.S. senator from Tennessee.", "Q65361": "Mon is a village and a former municipality in the district of Albula in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Alvaschein, Mon, Stierva, Tiefencastel, Alvaneu, Brienz/Brinzauls and Surava merged to form the new municipality of Albula/Alvra.", "Q2893526": "Bedales School is a co-educational, boarding and day independent school in the village of Steep, near the market town of Petersfield in Hampshire, England. It was founded in 1893 by John Haden Badley in reaction to the limitations of conventional Victorian schools. \nSince 1900 the school has been on an 120-acre (0.49 km2) estate in the village of Steep, near Petersfield, Hampshire. As well as playing fields, orchards, woodland, pasture and a nature reserve, the campus also boasts two Grade 1 listed arts and crafts buildings designed by Ernest Gimson, the Lupton Hall (1911), which was co-designed, built and largely financed by ex-pupil Geoffrey Lupton, and the Memorial Library (1921). There are also three contemporary award-winning buildings: the Olivier Theatre (1997) designed by Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios, the Orchard Building (2005) by Walters & Cohen and the Art and Design Building (2017) also by Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios.", "Q151994": "Dressed to Kill, released in 1946, also known as Prelude to Murder (working title) and Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Code in the United Kingdom, is the last of fourteen films starring Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Doctor Watson.\n\n", "Q90840": "Karl Zell (8 April 1793 \u2013 24 January 1873) was a German statesman, philologist, and defender of the rights of the Catholic Church.", "Q984069": "Henri-\u00c9mile Bazin (10 January 1829 \u2013 7 February 1917) was a French engineer specializing in hydraulic engineering.\n\n", "Q1775868": "Theis Jacob Thorkildsen Lundegaard (8 October 1774 \u2013 26 February 1856) was a Norwegian farmer, shipowner and politician. He represented Lister amt (now Vest-Agder) at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly in 1814. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from 1815 to 1816, from 1821 to 1822, from 1827 to 1833, and in 1845.", "Q84835": "Rudolf Kassner (11 September 1873 \u2013 1 April 1959) was an Austrian writer, essayist, translator and cultural philosopher. Although stricken as an infant with poliomyelitis, Kassner traveled widely to northern Africa, the Sahara, India, Russia, Spain, and throughout Europe. His translations of William Blake introduced this English romantic poet to German-speaking audiences. His literary career covered six decades, including a period of isolation during the Nazi years in Vienna. His writings on physiognomy reflect his effort to understand the problems of modernity and Man's subsequent disconnectedness from time and place. His later autobiographical writings suggest a brilliant literary mind attempting to make sense of a chaotic post-nuclear world. He was nominated for the Nobel prize for literature thirteen times.", "Q59498": "Stash House is a 2012 American action thriller directed by Eduardo Rodr\u00edguez and starring Sean Faris, Briana Evigan, Jon Huertas, and Dolph Lundgren. The film is part of the After Dark Action films.", "Q877693": "Rap rock is a fusion genre that fuses vocal and instrumental elements of hip hop with various forms of rock. Rap rock's most popular subgenres include rap metal and rapcore, which include heavy metal- and hardcore punk-oriented influences, respectively.", "Q1702438": "John Thomas Williams (January 28, 1929 \u2013 December 2018) was an American jazz pianist.", "Q3869": "Marburg is a university town in the German federal state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district (Landkreis). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has a population of approximately 72,000.\nHaving been awarded town privileges in 1222, Marburg served as capital of the landgraviate of Hessen-Marburg during periods of the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries. The University of Marburg was founded in 1527 and dominates the public life in the town to this day.", "Q905211": "Renato Marsiglia (born June 3, 1951 in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul) is a retired Brazilian football referee. He is known for supervising two matches during the 1994 FIFA World Cup in United States.Marsiglia also officiated at the 1991 and 1993 FIFA World Youth Championships, as well as 1994 World Cup qualifiers.He was a Rede Globo football commentator who specialises in analysing referee's performances, until 2018.", "Q3371058": "Paul Desmarais Jr. (born July 3, 1954) is a Canadian businessman in his hometown of Montreal.\nHe is the eldest son of Paul Desmarais Sr. and Jacqueline (Maranger) Desmarais. Currently he is the Chairman of Power Corporation of Canada\n.\nDesmarais was born in Sudbury, Ontario. He was educated at Lakefield College School in Lakefield, Ontario, McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, and at INSEAD in Fontainebleau, France, where he earned a Master of Business Administration. He is a Roman Catholic.Paul Desmarais is married to H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Desmarais, Chairman of the Board and CEO of the Centre d\u2019entreprises et d\u2019innovation de Montr\u00e9al (CEIM). They have four children: Paul, Alexandre, Nicolas, and Charles-\u00c9douard.", "Q1420621": "A media proprietor, media mogul or media tycoon refers to a successful entrepreneur or businessperson who controls, through personal ownership or via a dominant position in any media related company or enterprise, media consumed by many individuals. Those with significant control, ownership, and influence of a large company in the mass media may also be called a tycoon, baron, or business magnate. Social media creators and founders can also be considered media moguls.", "Q1243687": "Sir Dorabji Tata (27 August 1859 \u2013 3 June 1932) was an Indian businessman, and a key figure in the history and development of the Tata Group. He was knighted in 1910 for his contributions to industry in British India.", "Q1725087": "Margarete Heymann (August 10, 1899 \u2013 11 November 1990), also known as Margarete Heymann-L\u00f6benstein, Margarete Heymann-Marks, and Grete Marks, was a German ceramic artist of Jewish origin and a Bauhaus student. In 1923 she founded the Ha\u00ebl Workshops for Artistic Ceramics at Marwitz that she had to close in 1933 and settled in Jerusalem. She moved to Britain in 1936 and continued her work, becoming world famous as \u201cGreta Pottery\u201d. Her finest work is considered to be from her working period in Germany.\n\n", "Q1865086": "Gary Paul Davis (born March 1, 1969), known professionally as Litefoot, is an American business professional, actor, musician, and a citizen of the Cherokee Nation. He is the Executive Director of the Native American Financial Services Association (NAFSA), CEO of Davis Strategy Group and a member of the Forbes Finance Council. As an actor, he is known for his roles as Little Bear in the movie The Indian in the Cupboard, and Nightwolf in Mortal Kombat Annihilation.", "Q133877": "Carlo Tresca (March 9, 1879 \u2013 January 11, 1943) was an Italian-American newspaper editor, orator, and labor organizer who was a leader of the Industrial Workers of the World during the 1910s. He is remembered as a leading public opponent of fascism, Stalinism, and Mafia infiltration of the trade union movement.\nBorn, raised and educated in Italy, Tresca was editor of an Italian socialist newspaper and secretary of the Italian Federation of Railroad Workers before he emigrated to the United States in 1904. After a three-year spell as secretary of the Italian Socialist Federation of North America, he joined the Industrial Workers of the World in 1912, and was involved in strikes across the United States over the rest of the decade. He was jailed in 1925 after printing an advertisement for a birth control pamphlet in one of his newspapers.\nDuring the 1930s, Tresca was a staunch critic of both Benito Mussolini's fascist government in Italy and Stalinism in the Soviet Union. In 1937, he was a member of the Dewey Commission, which cleared Leon Trotsky of all charges made during the Moscow Trials. Tresca also used his newspapers to mount a public campaign criticising the Mafia. In January 1943, in New York, he was assassinated, probably by a Mafia gunman.", "Q189441": "The Jagiellonian University (Polish: Uniwersytet Jagiello\u0144ski; Latin: Universitas Iagellonica Cracoviensis, also known as the University of Krak\u00f3w) is a research university in Krak\u00f3w, Poland.\nFounded in 1364 by Casimir III the Great, the Jagiellonian University is the oldest university in Poland, the second oldest university in Central Europe, and one of the oldest surviving universities in the world. Notable alumni include astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, poet Jan Kochanowski, Polish King John III Sobieski, constitutional reformer Hugo Ko\u0142\u0142\u0105taj, chemist Karol Olszewski, anthropologist Bronis\u0142aw Malinowski, writer Stanis\u0142aw Lem, and President of Poland Andrzej Duda. Students at the University who did not earn diplomas included Nobel laureates Ivo Andri\u0107 and Wis\u0142awa Szymborska. Pope John Paul II enrolled in the Jagellonian University of Krakow in 1938 to study Polish Studies at the JU Faculty of Philosophy, but shortly after enrollment, his studies were interrupted by Sonderaktion Krakau. In 1953, Father Wojty\u0142a presented a dissertation at the Jagellonian University of Krakow on the possibility of grounding a Christian ethic on the ethical system developed by Max Scheler.The campus of the Jagiellonian University is centrally located within the city of Krak\u00f3w. The university consists of fifteen faculties, including the humanities, law, the natural and social sciences, and medicine. The university employs roughly 4,000 academics, and has more than 40,000 students who study in some 80 disciplines. More than half of the student body are women. The language of instruction is usually Polish, although several degrees are offered in either German or English. The university library is one of Poland's largest, and houses several medieval manuscripts, including Copernicus' De Revolutionibus.\nDue to its history, the Jagiellonian University is traditionally considered Poland's most reputable institution of higher learning, this standing equally being reflected in international rankings. The Jagiellonian University is a member of the Coimbra Group and Europaeum.\nIn 2019, the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) placed the university within the 301\u2013400 band globally.", "Q67576": "Arnold Schering (2 April 1877 in Breslau, German Empire \u2013 7 March 1941 in Berlin) was a German musicologist.\nHe grew up in Dresden as the son of an art publisher. He learned violin at the Annengymnasium from which he graduated in 1896. Thereafter he studied violin at the Berlin School of Music under Joseph Joachim. From 1898 until 1902 he studied music in Berlin and Leipzig and wrote his dissertation on the instrumental concertos of Antonio Vivaldi (in German, Geschichte des Instrumentalkonzertes bei Antonio Vivaldi) and this work was influential in resurrecting the music of this composer. In 1907 he made his habilitation and was made a professor of music in 1915. In 1920 Schering gathered evidence that composer Johann Sebastian Bach usually used 12 singers in his cantatas and other vocal works. This insight eventually became influential in the early music movement. From 1928 onward he taught as a professor of musicology in Berlin.\nAfter the Nazis rose to power, Schering became a member of the National Socialist Teachers League and the executive council of the Reichsmusikkammer. Until 1936 he served as president of the German Society for Musicology (until 1933 the German Music Society), which was transformed according to Nazi principles: \"The employment of young Nazis was encouraged, but Alfred Einstein (1880-1952) was forced to resign from the editorship of the Journal of Musicology, which he had led since its first appearance in 1918. The \"F\u00fchrerprinzip\" followed, especially in 1936 or 1937 under Ludwig Schiedermair (1876\u20131957), who succeeded him as president\".In January 1934, Schering delivered a lecture at the German Society for Education about \"The Germanic in German music\" In the same year appeared his book \"Beethoven in a New Interpretation\" in which he parallels in the works of Beethoven scenes from Shakespeare's plays, and where Schering put forward the bold claim that this formal design along the line of Shakespeare scenes was intentional. Also in the same year he wrote an article in the Journal for Musicology where he characterized Beethoven's famous 5th symphony as a \"Symphony of National Rising,\" much in the sense of the rising of the National Socialist regime. Finally in 1936, he wrote, in Beethoven and Poetry, \"If a brutal, sensual, and to us, racially-foreign music threatens to alienate us from the insoluble relationship between high music and high art, it is in Beethoven we can once again make a new ideal covenant.\"In August 1940 he took leave from his work due to illness. He died the following year and was buried in the Friedhof Heerstra\u00dfe. The location of his grave is unknown.", "Q56973": "Josep Tarradellas Barcelona\u2013El Prat Airport (IATA: BCN, ICAO: LEBL) (Catalan: Aeroport Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat, Spanish: Aeropuerto Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat), previously named Barcelona-El Prat and also known as El Prat Airport, is an international airport located 12 km (7.5 mi) southwest of the centre of Barcelona, lying in the municipalities of El Prat de Llobregat, Viladecans, and Sant Boi, in Catalonia, Spain, Europe. It has been named after a former President of the Generalitat of Catalonia, Josep Tarradellas, since 27 February 2019.It is the second largest and busiest airport in Spain, and the sixth busiest in Europe. In 2019, Barcelona Airport handled a record 52,686,314 million passengers, up 5.0% from 2018. It is a hub for Level and Vueling, and a focus city for Air Europa, Iberia, EasyJet, Norwegian and Ryanair.\nThe Barcelona\u2013Madrid air shuttle service, known as \"Pont Aeri\" (in Catalan) or \"Puente A\u00e9reo\" (in Spanish), literally \"Air Bridge\", was the world's busiest route until 2008, with the highest number of flight operations (971 per week) in 2007. The schedule has been reduced since February 2008, when a Madrid\u2013Barcelona high-speed rail line was opened, covering the distance in 2 hours 30 minutes, and quickly became popular.\n\n", "Q79990": "Christchurch (; M\u0101ori: \u014ctautahi) is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the seat of the Canterbury Region. The Christchurch urban area lies on the South Island's east coast, just north of Banks Peninsula. The urban area is home to 377,200 residents, and the territorial authority has 385,500 people, which makes it the second-most populous city in New Zealand after Auckland and before Wellington. The Avon River flows through the centre of the city, with an urban park located along its banks.\nArchaeological evidence has indicated that people first settled in the Christchurch area in about 1250. Christchurch became a city by Royal Charter on 31 July 1856, making it officially the oldest established city in New Zealand. The Canterbury Association, which settled the Canterbury Plains, named the city after Christ Church, Oxford. The new settlement was laid out in a grid pattern centred on Cathedral Square; during the 19th century there were few barriers to the rapid growth of the urban area, except for the Pacific to the east and the Port Hills to the south.\nAgriculture is the historic mainstay of Christchurch's economy. The early presence of the University of Canterbury and the heritage of the city's academic institutions in association with local businesses has fostered a number of technology-based industries. Christchurch is one of five 'gateway cities' for Antarctic exploration, hosting Antarctic support bases for several nations.The city suffered a series of earthquakes between September 2010 and January 2012, with the most destructive of them occurring at 12.51 p.m. on Tuesday, 22 February 2011, in which 185 people were killed and thousands of buildings across the city collapsed or suffered severe damage. By late 2013, 1,500 buildings in the city had been demolished, leading to an ongoing recovery and rebuilding project.", "Q152245": "Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel; 26 August 1819 \u2013 14 December 1861) was the husband of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.\nBorn in the Saxon duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld to a family connected to many of Europe's ruling monarchs, at the age of twenty Albert married his cousin, Victoria; they had nine children. Initially he felt constrained by his role of prince consort, which did not afford him power or responsibilities. He gradually developed a reputation for supporting public causes, such as educational reform and the abolition of slavery worldwide, and was entrusted with running the Queen's household, office and estates. He was heavily involved with the organisation of the Great Exhibition of 1851, which was a resounding success.\nVictoria came to depend more and more on Albert's support and guidance. He aided the development of Britain's constitutional monarchy by persuading his wife to be less partisan in her dealings with Parliament\u2014although he actively disagreed with the interventionist foreign policy pursued during Lord Palmerston's tenure as Foreign Secretary. \nAlbert died at the relatively young age of 42. Victoria was so devastated at the loss of her husband that she entered into a deep state of mourning and wore black for the rest of her life. On her death in 1901, their eldest son succeeded as Edward VII, the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, named after the ducal house to which Albert belonged.", "Q434445": "Rose Murphy (April 28, 1913 \u2013 November 16, 1989) was an American jazz singer famous for the song \"Busy Line\" and unique singing style.", "Q10926": "Emo is a rock music genre characterized by an emphasis on emotional expression, sometimes through confessional lyrics. It emerged as a style of post-hardcore from the mid-1980s hardcore punk movement in Washington, D.C., where it was known as emotional hardcore or emocore and pioneered by bands such as Rites of Spring and Embrace. In the early\u2013mid 1990s, emo was adopted and reinvented by alternative rock, indie rock and pop punk bands such as Sunny Day Real Estate, Jawbreaker, Weezer and Jimmy Eat World, with Weezer breaking into the mainstream during this time. By the mid-1990s, bands such as Braid, the Promise Ring and the Get Up Kids emerged from the burgeoning Midwest emo scene, and several independent record labels began to specialize in the genre. Meanwhile, screamo, a more aggressive style of emo using screamed vocals, also emerged, pioneered by the San Diego bands Heroin and Antioch Arrow. Screamo achieved mainstream success in the 2000s with bands like Hawthorne Heights, Silverstein, Story of the Year, Thursday, The Used, and Underoath.\nOften seen as a subculture, emo also signifies a specific relationship between fans and artists and certain aspects of fashion, culture and behavior. Emo fashion has been associated with skinny jeans; tight t-shirts with band names; studded belts; and flat, straight, jet-black hair with long bangs. Fans of emo music who dress like this are referred to as \"emo kids\" or \"emos\". Emos are known for listening to emo bands like My Chemical Romance, Fall Out Boy, Hawthorne Heights, The Used, and AFI. The emo subculture is stereotypically associated with emotion, sensitivity, misanthropy, shyness, introversion and angst, as well as depression, self-harm and suicide. Its quick rise in popularity in the early 2000s inspired a backlash, with bands such as My Chemical Romance and Panic! at the Disco rejecting the emo label because of the social stigma and controversy surrounding it.\nEmo entered mainstream culture in the early 2000s with the success of Jimmy Eat World and Dashboard Confessional and many artists signed to major record labels. Bands such as My Chemical Romance, AFI, Fall Out Boy and the Red Jumpsuit Apparatus continued the genre's popularity during the rest of the decade. In the early 2010s, emo's popularity had declined, with some groups changing their sound and others disbanding. Meanwhile, however, a mainly underground emo revival emerged, with bands such as The World Is a Beautiful Place & I Am No Longer Afraid to Die and Modern Baseball drawing on the sound and aesthetic of 1990s emo. During the late 2010s, a fusion genre called emo rap became mainstream, with some of emo rap's most famous artists including XXXTentacion and Lil Peep.", "Q188987": "William Ford Gibson (born March 17, 1948) is an American-Canadian speculative fiction writer and essayist widely credited with pioneering the science fiction subgenre known as cyberpunk. Beginning his writing career in the late 1970s, his early works were noir, near-future stories that explored the effects of technology, cybernetics, and computer networks on humans\u2014a \"combination of lowlife and high tech\"\u2014and helped to create an iconography for the information age before the ubiquity of the Internet in the 1990s. Gibson notably coined the term \"cyberspace\" for \"widespread, interconnected digital technology\" in his short story \"Burning Chrome\" (1982), and later popularized the concept in his acclaimed debut novel Neuromancer (1984). These early works of Gibson's have been credited with \"renovating\" science fiction literature in the 1980s.\nAfter expanding on the story in Neuromancer with two more novels (Count Zero in 1986, and Mona Lisa Overdrive in 1988), thus completing the dystopic Sprawl trilogy, Gibson collaborated with Bruce Sterling on the alternate history novel The Difference Engine (1990), which became an important work of the science fiction subgenre known as steampunk. \nIn the 1990s, Gibson composed the Bridge trilogy of novels, which explored the sociological developments of near-future urban environments, postindustrial society, and late capitalism. Following the turn of the century and the events of 9/11, Gibson emerged with a string of increasingly realist novels\u2014Pattern Recognition (2003), Spook Country (2007), and Zero History (2010)\u2014set in a roughly contemporary world. These works saw his name reach mainstream bestseller lists for the first time. His most recent novels, The Peripheral (2014) and Agency (2020), returned to a more overt engagement with technology and recognizable science fiction themes.\nIn 1999, The Guardian (UK) described Gibson as \"probably the most important novelist of the past two decades,\" while the Sydney Morning Herald (Australia) called him the \"noir prophet\" of cyberpunk. Throughout his career, Gibson has written more than 20 short stories and 10 critically acclaimed novels (one in collaboration), contributed articles to several major publications, and collaborated extensively with performance artists, filmmakers, and musicians. His work has been cited as influencing a variety of disciplines: academia, design, film, literature, music, cyberculture, and technology.", "Q303918": "Tina Kandelaki (Russian: \u0422\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0438, Georgian: \u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8, Greek: \u03a4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b7 born November 10, 1975) is a Georgian-born Russian journalist, public figure, TV presenter and producer and a co-owner of the Apostol company.", "Q333617": "Sir Maurice Bonham-Carter (11 October 1880 \u2013 7 June 1960) was an English Liberal politician, civil servant and first-class cricketer. He was H. H. Asquith's Principal Private Secretary during Asquith's time as Prime Minister from 1910 to 1916 and later served in other government posts. He played cricket for Oxford University Cricket Club in the early 20th century. The actress Helena Bonham Carter is his granddaughter.\n\n", "Q2327123": "The old Stadtfriedhof (City Cemetery) in G\u00f6ttingen is a historic cemetery with graves of important scholars. It is the final resting place of no less than eight Nobel Prize winners: Max Born, Otto Hahn, Max von Laue, Walther Nernst, Max Planck, Otto Wallach, Adolf Windaus and\nRichard Zsigmondy.", "Q4776573": "Don Antonio Devoto (born in Lavagna, Italy in 1832; died in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1916) was the owner of most of the lands in the current barrio of Buenos Aires called Villa Devoto. Don Devoto was a member of the elite of Buenos Aires. In respect of his help to Italy during World War I he was given the title of count by the king.\nDon Devoto built what was the largest mansion at the time and it became known as Devoto Palace\u2014Prince Umberto Saboya stayed there during a visit to Buenos Aires. The mansion was built on National Avenue and occupied around 10,238 square metres. The mansion was decorated in bronze, silver and gold with iron work forged in Italy, and Florentine mosaics. \nDon Devoto died in 1916 before the work on the mansion was complete and since he did not leave any descendants, and no one could be found to buy the eccentric house, so in 1938 it was divided into building lots on which houses were later constructed.", "Q61113": "Foster the People is an American indie pop band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 2009. It currently consists of lead vocalist Mark Foster, lead guitarist Sean Cimino, keyboardist Isom Innis, and drummer Mark Pontius.Foster founded the band in 2009 after spending several years in Los Angeles as a struggling musician and working as a commercial jingle writer. After Foster's song \"Pumped Up Kicks\" became a viral success in 2010, the group received a record deal from Startime International and gained a fanbase through small club shows and appearances at music festivals. After releasing their debut album Torches in May 2011, \"Pumped Up Kicks\" became a crossover hit on commercial radio in mid-2011 and eventually reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100. The record also featured the singles \"Helena Beat\" and \"Don't Stop (Color on the Walls)\". The group received three Grammy Award nominations for Torches and \"Pumped Up Kicks\".\nAfter touring for two years in support of Torches, Foster the People released their second album, Supermodel, in March 2014. It was preceded by the lead single \"Coming of Age\". In July 2017, the band released their third studio album, Sacred Hearts Club, with the addition of Isom Innis and Sean Cimino, both former touring members, to the official lineup. From this album, their song \"Sit Next to Me\" peaked at number 42 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified double platinum by the RIAA.", "Q541964": "Jean-Jacques de Morgan (3 June 1857, Huisseau-sur-Cosson, Loir-et-Cher \u2013 14 June 1924) was a French mining engineer, geologist, and archaeologist. He was the director of antiquities in Egypt during the 19th century, and excavated in Memphis and Dashur, providing many drawings of many Egyptian pyramids. He also worked at Stonehenge, and Persepolis, and many other sites.\nHe also went to Russian Armenia, as manager of a copper mine at Akhtala. \"The Caucasus is of special interest in the study of the origins of metals; it is the easternmost point from which prehistoric remains are known; older than Europe and Greece, it still retains the traces of those civilizations that were the cradle of our own.\"\nIn 1887-89 he unearthed 576 graves around Alaverdi and Akhatala, near the Tiflis-Alexandropol railway line.", "Q105309": "Safet Babi\u0107 (born 1981) is a German politician with Bosnian roots. He has been a candidate for the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) in European, parliamentary, state assembly and local elections. \nBabic first came to prominence at the University of Trier where, as a law student, he was active in student politics for the NPD. From June 2009 till September 2011 he was member of the Trier city council.He is of Bosniak descent.", "Q718665": "Robert Littell (born January 8, 1935) is an American novelist and former journalist who resides in France. He specializes in spy novels that often concern the CIA and the Soviet Union.\nLittell was born in Brooklyn, New York, to a Jewish family, of Russian Jewish origin. He is a 1956 graduate of Alfred University in western New York. He spent four years in the U.S. Navy and served at times as his ship's navigator, antisubmarine warfare officer, communications officer, and deck watch officer.\nLater Littell became a journalist and worked many years for Newsweek during the Cold War. He was a foreign correspondent for the magazine from 1965 to 1970.\nLittell is an amateur mountain climber and is the father of award-winning novelist Jonathan Littell. His brother, Alan Littell (born 1929), is also an author and journalist.\nBrother-in-law of the French writer Bernard du Boucheron.", "Q38066": "Existentialism ( or ) is a tradition of philosophical enquiry which takes as its starting point the experience of the human subject\u2014not merely the thinking subject, but the acting, feeling, living human individual. It is associated mainly with certain 19th- and 20th-century European philosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences, shared the belief in that beginning of philosophical thinking.\nWhile the predominant value of existentialist thought is commonly acknowledged to be freedom, its primary virtue is authenticity. In the view of the existentialist, the individual's starting point is characterized by what has been called \"the existential angst\" (or variably, existential attitude, dread, etc.), or a sense of disorientation, confusion, or dread in the face of an apparently meaningless or absurd world. Many existentialists have also regarded traditional systematic or academic philosophies, in both style and content, as too abstract and remote from concrete human experience.S\u00f8ren Kierkegaard is generally considered to have been the first existentialist philosopher, though he did not use the term existentialism. He proposed that each individual\u2014not society or religion\u2014is solely responsible for giving meaning to life and living it passionately and sincerely, or \"authentically\".Existentialism became popular in the years following World War II, thanks to Jean-Paul Sartre, who read Martin Heidegger while in a POW camp, and strongly influenced many disciplines besides philosophy, including theology, drama, art, literature, and psychology.", "Q323404": "Jan Pietrzak (pronounced [\u02c8jan \u02c8p\u02b2\u025bt\u0283ak]; born 26 April 1937 in Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish satirist, singer-songwriter, stage and film actor, and columnist for Tygodnik Solidarno\u015b\u0107 (Solidarity Weekly).", "Q37355": "John Michael Talbot (born May 8, 1954) is an American Roman Catholic musician, author, television presenter and founder of a monastic community known as the Brothers and Sisters of Charity.", "Q312801": "Per H\u00e5kan Gessle (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8p\u00e6\u02d0r \u02c8\u0261\u025b\u0302s\u02d0l\u025b] (listen); born 12 January 1959) is a Swedish pop singer, songwriter and musician. He is best known as the male half of Roxette, whom he formed with Marie Fredriksson in 1986. The duo achieved international success in the late-1980s and early-1990s with their albums Look Sharp! (1988) and Joyride (1991), and topped the charts in the US four times, most notably with \"It Must Have Been Love\" which was featured in the film Pretty Woman. Prior to the formation of Roxette, he had a successful career in native Sweden as the frontman for Gyllene Tider. The band released three number-one albums during the early 1980s but disbanded shortly after their fourth album, The Heartland Caf\u00e9 (1984).\nIn-between periods in Roxette and Gyllene Tider reunions, Gessle recorded numerous solo albums, both in Swedish and English. After Fredriksson's illness in 2002 he released Mazarin (2003). The album was a critical and commercial success for Gessle and started the beginning of a long term collaboration with the backing vocalist Helena Josefsson. With Fredriksson's continued treatment and recuperation he made three more albums, Son of a Plumber (2005), En h\u00e4ndig man (A handy man, 2007) and Party Crasher (2008). After Roxette's Neverending World Tour finished in 2015 he produced another set of solo efforts, En vacker natt (2017), En vacker dag (2017) and Small Town Talk (2018). In 2016 he started using the pseudonym Mono Mind, first releasing a few singles before delivering a full album, Mind Control, in 2019. Gessle was the main songwriter for both Roxette and Gyllene Tider.", "Q39378": "Radovan Zogovi\u0107 (Cyrillic: \u0420\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0417\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b) (August 19, 1907 \u2013 January 5, 1986) was a Montenegrin poet.\nHe was born in Ma\u0161nica, Plav, in northeastern Montenegro on 19 August 1907. Before World War II he lived in Skopje, Zagreb and Belgrade, working as a literary critic and a secondary school teacher, and joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. His first book of poetry, Glineni golubovi (Clay Pigeons, 1937), was banned by the Yugoslav royal regime.\nHe joined the Partisans in 1941, and after World War II he was briefly one of the most prominent figures in Yugoslav government, as head of the propaganda of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, authoring several programmatic and polemical articles and criticism from the standpoint of dogmatic real socialism (Na popri\u0161tu, \"At the scene\", 1948). He was expelled from the League of Communists and put under house arrest in 1948 in connection with the Tito-Stalin split. He was accused of being Stalinist and for Montenegrin nationalism among else.\nIn the late 1960s Zogovi\u0107 was semi-rehabilitated, and in that period his best works were published: poetry collections Prkosne strofe (\"Defiant verses\", 1947), \u017dilama za kamen (\"Veins for the rock\"), Artikulisana rije\u010d (\"Articulated word\", 1965), Li\u010dno, sasvim li\u010dno (\"Personal, very personal\"), No\u0107 i pola vijeka (\"A night and half a century\", 1978) and Knja\u017eevska kancelarija (The Prince's Office). He also wrote the novel Pejsa\u017ei i ne\u0161to se de\u0161ava (\"The landscape and something happens\", 1968).\nHis poetry at first was very socially engaged, critical and polemical towards social reality, while in the later songs predominate landscape and homeland motifs and reflection on youth, the passage of time and fate.\nHis poems have been translated in many languages, and he himself translated works from Russian, Bulgarian, Turkish and Macedonian authors, including Vladimir Mayakovsky, Anna Akhmatova and Nazim Hikmet.\nAmong his close friends were the Serbian poet Desanka Maksimovi\u0107 and the Montenegrin novelist Mihailo Lali\u0107.\nHe was a member of the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts.\nHe died of cancer on 5 January 1986 in Belgrade.\nHis wife Vera (who died in 2003) was also a translator from Russian, and his daughter Mirka from Italian.", "Q278414": "Benjamin Franklin Goodrich (November 4, 1841 \u2013 August 3, 1888) was an American industrialist in the rubber industry and founder of B.F. Goodrich Company.", "Q5049183": "Cass Technical High School (simply referred to as Cass Tech) is a public high school in Midtown Detroit, Michigan, United States. It was established in 1907 and is part of the Detroit Public Schools Community District. It is named in honor of Lewis Cass, a military officer and politician.\nUntil 1977, Cass was Detroit's only magnet school and the only non-neighborhood enrollment school in Detroit. Today, Cass is one of few magnet schools in Detroit. Entrance to Cass is based on test scores and middle school grades. Students are required to choose a curriculum path\u2014roughly equivalent to a college \"major\"\u2014in the ninth grade. Areas of study include, but are not limited to, arts and communication, business management and marketing, engineering and manufacturing, human services, and science and arts.", "Q662863": "The \u00d6stliche Marzellspitze is a mountain in the \u00d6tztal Alps on the border between Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy.", "Q2469003": "Raoul Nordling (French: [\u0281aul n\u0254\u0281dli\u014b], Swedish: [\u02c8r\u0251\u030c\u02d0\u028al \u02c8n\u00fb\u02d0\u0256l\u026a\u014b]; 11 November 1882 \u2013 1 October 1962) was a Swedish businessman and diplomat. He was born in Paris and spent most of his life there.\nNordling's father, Carl Gustav Nordling, arrived in Paris from Sweden at the end of the 1870s, and established the paper-paste firm \"Gustav Nordling\". Born in Paris, Raoul studied at the lyc\u00e9e Janson-de-Sailly, and then joined his father's company, eventually succeeding him at its helm. He was appointed as Swedish vice-consul in Paris in 1905 at the age of 24, becoming consul in 1917 and consul-general in 1926, on the death of his father.\nAlthough Nordling was Swedish by nationality, he felt himself to be above all a \"citizen of Paris\". He spoke French much more often than Swedish, having to virtually learn his national language when he went to Sweden as a young man to complete his military service.\nThroughout his working life, Nordling played an important role in mediating between Sweden and France, but he is best remembered for his efforts to mediate between French and German forces during the occupation and Liberation of Paris during the Second World War. He played an important role in ensuring Red Cross access to prisoners of war, and during the uprising of the French resistance in August 1944 he negotiated with the German commander General Dietrich von Choltitz, to try to limit the bloodshed and damage to the city. Many accounts of these events attribute him a major role in doing so, and he was honoured by France after the Liberation with the highest available medal, the Croix de guerre avec palme. A play area in the 11th Arrondissement, the \"Square Raoul Nordling\" is named in his honour, as is a street in Neuilly.\nHe continued to play an active role in Parisian social life after the end of the war. He lived in a house called \"Le Mas du Gay Savoir\" in Sainte-Maxime, which made him an honorary citizen. During the late 1940s, he intervened with the Danish and French securities to try to secure more lenient treatment for the writer Louis-Ferdinand C\u00e9line, who had been imprisoned in Denmark while the French authorities sought his extradition because his openly expressed antisemitism led to charges of collaboration with the occupying Germans and the Vichy r\u00e9gime during the war.Nordling is played by Orson Welles in the film Is Paris Burning? (1966) and by Andr\u00e9 Dussollier in the film Diplomacy (2014).", "Q373233": "Heather Christine Sears: (28 September 1935 \u2013 3 January 1994), was a British stage and screen actress.", "Q77771": "Gabriele \"Gabi\" Zimmer (born 7 May 1955) is a German politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Germany from 2004 to 2019. She is a member of The Left and sat with the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) group in the European Parliament, which she chaired from 2012 to 2019. Previously, she served as leader of The Left's predecessor, the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), from 2000 to 2003.\nShe joined the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), ruling party of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) in 1981. After its transformation into the Party of Democratic Socialism in 1990, she became the party's leader in the new state of Thuringia, a position she held until 1998. She was a member of the Landtag of Thuringia, the state parliament, from 1990 until 2004. She became deputy leader of PDS in 1996, and in October 2000 she was elected leader. However, after the party failed to pass the 5% electoral threshold in the 2002 federal election, she chose not to stand for re-election, and left the leadership in May 2003. She remained active in the party, and was elected to the European Parliament in 2004. In 2007, PDS merged into The Left, and Zimmer was re-elected as an MEP representing The Left in 2009 and 2014. In 2012, she became the chairwoman of the GUE/NGL group in the European Parliament. She chose not to stand for re-election in the 2019 European Parliament election.", "Q49847": "Ray William Johnson (born August 14, 1981) is an American YouTuber known for his eponymous YouTube channel and his web series on that channel, Equals Three. As of March 2019, the channel had earned more than three billion views and 9.8 million subscribers, making it one of the most viewed channels on YouTube at the time. Johnson left the series in March 2014 but continued to produce it and other web series like Booze Lightyear, Comedians On, and Top 6, the first two of which were later cancelled.Toward the end of his tenure at Equals Three, Johnson began branching out into other mediums. His first scripted web series, Riley Rewind, premiered on Facebook in 2013. He created a television concept that was purchased by FX the same year. He made his live-action acting debut in the indie road film Who's Driving Doug alongside former Breaking Bad star RJ Mitte. Additionally, his production company, Mom & Pop Empires, is co-producing a documentary with Supergravity Pictures about monopolies in the cable television industry.", "Q204911": "The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP; Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b-\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f (\u0420\u0421\u0414\u0420\u041f), Rossiyskaya sotsial-demokraticheskaya rabochaya partiya (RSDRP)), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or the Russian Social Democratic Party, was a revolutionary socialist political party founded in Minsk, Belarus.\nFormed to unite the various revolutionary organizations of the Russian Empire into one party in 1898, the RSDLP later split into Bolsheviks (majority) and Mensheviks (minority) factions, with the Bolshevik faction eventually becoming the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Interdistrictites, known as the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Internationalists), were also formed from this party.", "Q392967": "Milan Hor\u00e1lek (27 November 1931 in R\u00e1jec-Jest\u0159eb\u00ed \u2013 13 November 2012) was a Czech economist and politician. He served as the Minister of Labour and Social Affairs of the former Czechoslovakia from 1990 to 1992. Hor\u00e1lek died on 13 November 2012, at the age of 80.\n\n", "Q735091": "Six Feet Under is an American death metal band from Tampa, Florida, United States, formed in 1993. The band consists of five members: founding vocalist Chris Barnes, guitarists Ray Suhy and Jack Owen, bassist Jeff Hughell and drummer Marco Pitruzzella. It was originally a side project formed by Barnes with guitarist Allen West of Obituary, but became a full-time commitment after Barnes was dismissed from Cannibal Corpse in 1995. They have released twelve albums, and are listed by Nielsen Soundscan as the fourth best-selling death metal act in the U.S.", "Q182500": "The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (Portuguese: Comunidade dos Pa\u00edses de L\u00edngua Portuguesa; abbreviated as the CPLP), also known as the Lusophone Commonwealth (Comunidade Lus\u00f3fona), is an international organization and political association of Lusophone nations across four continents, where Portuguese is an official language. The CPLP operates as a privileged, multilateral forum for the mutual cooperation of the governments, economies, non-governmental organizations, and peoples of the Lusofonia. The CPLP consists of 9 member states and 19 associate observers, located in Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Africa.\nThe history of the CPLP began when it was founded in 1996, in Lisbon, by Angola, Brazil, Cabo Verde, Guinea Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal, and S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe, nearly two decades after the beginning of the decolonization of the Portuguese Empire. Following the independence of Timor-Leste in 2002 and the application by Equatorial Guinea in 2014, both of those countries became members of the CPLP. Macau (a Special Administrative Region of China), Galicia (an Autonomous Community of Spain), and Uruguay are formally interested in full membership and another 17 countries across the world are formally interested in associate observer status.", "Q459681": "Valie Export (often written as 'VALIE EXPORT') (born May 17, 1940 in Linz as Waltraud Lehner, later Waltraud H\u00f6llinger) is an Austrian artist. Her artistic work includes video installations, body performances, expanded cinema, computer animations, photography, sculptures and publications covering contemporary arts.", "Q6905": "Frankenthal (Pfalz) is a town in southwestern Germany, in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.", "Q116413": "Maurice Zermatten (22 October 1910, in Saint-Martin, Valais \u2013 11 February 2001, in Sion) was a French-speaking Swiss writer.\nHe was born in Saint-Martin, Valais, a small village situated in the Val d'H\u00e9rens, in the canton of Valais. He was first educated at the Ecole normale and then at the University of Fribourg. He published his first novel Le Coeur inutile in 1936 at the age of 26. He taught at the College of Sion where he stayed until retirement. In 1952 he became Lecturer (French Literature) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Z\u00fcrich. Maurice Zermatten also performs a military career leading him to the rank of colonel. \nHe's dedicated himself to several literary genres like novel, storytelling, short-story, etc.\nBorn novelist, Maurice Zermatten describes the novel as \"a complete kind where the author creates characters, history and environment. It is a fiction that reflects reality as it draws its imagination in life.\"\nMaurice Zermatten is also Jean Zermatten's father.", "Q65375": "Ftan is a former municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Ardez, Guarda, Tarasp, Ftan and Sent merged into the municipality of Scuol.", "Q329897": "David Henry Hwang (born August 11, 1957) is an American playwright, librettist, screenwriter, and theater professor at Columbia University in New York City.", "Q522541": "Bad Schwalbach (called Langenschwalbach until 1927) is the district seat of Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany.", "Q1259813": "Jurica Pa\u0111en (born 3 February 1955) is a Croatian singer and guitarist. He was a founding member of the bands Parni valjak and Aerodrom and member of Azra and Grupa 220. During the 1990s he started his own group Pa\u0111en Band. In the 2000s he was also a part of the 4 asa supergroup along with Rajko Dujmi\u0107, Vlado Kalember and Alen Islamovi\u0107.\nPa\u0111en also participated in the wartime Hrvatski Band Aid, and also appeared on the compilation Rock za Hrvatsku with his war song \"Tko to tamo gine\" (Who's dying over there).", "Q308681": "Lord of War is a 2005 crime drama written, produced, and directed by Andrew Niccol, and co-produced by and starring Nicolas Cage. It was released in the United States on September 16, 2005, with the DVD following on January 17, 2006 and the Blu-ray Disc on July 27, 2006. Cage plays an illegal arms dealer, inspired by the stories of several real-life arms dealers and smugglers. The film was officially endorsed by the human rights group Amnesty International for highlighting the arms trafficking by the international arms industry.", "Q901063": "Galactik Football is a 2006 French animated television series produced by Gaumont Alphanim that mixes conventional 2D animation with 3D computer graphics. Its third 26-episode season aired in Europe in June 2010.In the universe of Galactik Football, the inhabited worlds of the Zaelion Galaxy compete in Galactik Football, a sport analogous to football, but played seven to a side. The game is complicated by the addition of the Flux, a magical energy which enhances a player's attributes such as speed, strength, and agility, or grants special powers such as teleportation. The story follows the fate of an inexperienced Galactik Football team, the Snow Kids, as they aim to compete in and win the Galactik Football Cup.", "Q1500297": "Vassilis Tsitsanis (Greek: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03c3\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 18 January 1915 \u2013 18 January 1984) was a Greek songwriter and bouzouki player. He became one of the leading Greek composers of his time and is widely regarded as one of the founders of modern Rebetiko and Laiko music. Tsitsanis wrote more than 500 songs and is still remembered as an extraordinary composer and bouzouki player.", "Q4493547": "Sergey Aleksandrovich Fursenko (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e) (born 1954 in Leningrad, Soviet Union) is a Russian businessman.\nHe is a brother of Andrei Fursenko.", "Q2570220": "Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech is a French engineering and research graduate school (Grande \u00c9cole). It is a general engineering school recognized for leading French higher education in the fields of mechanics and industrialization. Founded in 1780, it is among the oldest French institutions and is one of the most prestigious engineering schools in France. It has been consistently ranked among the top ten French engineering schools and was ranked 5th in France for Mechanical Engineering in the Shanghai ranking 2018.The school has trained 85,000 engineers since its foundation by Fran\u00e7ois Alexandre Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt. It is a \"Public Scientific, Cultural and Professional Institution\" (EPSCP) under the authority of the Ministry of Higher Education and Research and has the special status of Grand \u00e9tablissement. The \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure d'arts et m\u00e9tiers (ENSAM), which adopted the brand name \"Arts et M\u0117tiers ParisTech\" in 2007, was a founding member of ParisTech (Paris Institute of Technology), h\u00e9Sam and France AEROTECH.\nArts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech consists of eight Teaching and Research Centres (CER) and three institutes spread across the country. Its students are called Gadz'Arts.", "Q993267": "The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre is a full-time professional conservatory for actors in New York City. First operational from 1915 to 1927, the school re-opened in 1928 and has been active ever since. It is the birthplace of the Meisner technique of acting, named for American actor and acting teacher Sanford Meisner.", "Q384863": "Koji Suzuki (\u9234\u6728 \u5149\u53f8, Suzuki K\u014dji, born 13 May 1957) is a Japanese writer, who was born in Hamamatsu and lives in Tokyo. Suzuki is the author of the Ring novels, which have been adapted into other formats, including films, manga, TV series and video games. He has written several books on the subject of fatherhood. His hobbies include traveling and motorcycling.", "Q1173930": "David Carl Hilmers, M.D. (born January 28, 1950) is a former NASA astronaut. He was born in Clinton, Iowa, but considers DeWitt, Iowa, to be his hometown. He has two grown sons. His recreational interests include playing the piano, gardening, electronics, spending time with his family, and all types of sports. His parents are deceased. With five academic degrees, he is the second most formally educated U.S. astronaut, behind Story Musgrave with six.", "Q714739": "Yevgeny Petrov (\u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432) was the pen name of Yevgeny Petrovich Katayev (\u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0432; December 13 [O.S. November 30] 1902 in Odessa \u2013 July 2, 1942) was a popular Soviet author in the 1920s and 1930s. He often worked in collaboration with Ilya Ilf. As Ilf and Petrov, they wrote The Twelve Chairs, released in 1928, and its sequel, The Little Golden Calf, released in 1931.", "Q183178": "Clive Owen (born 3 October 1964) is an English actor. He first gained recognition in the United Kingdom for playing the lead role in the ITV series Chancer from 1990 to 1991. He received critical acclaim for his work in the film Close My Eyes (1991) before earning international attention for his performance as a struggling writer in Croupier (1998). In 2005, he won a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the drama Closer (2004).\nOwen has played leading roles in films such as Sin City (2005), Derailed (2005), Inside Man (2006), Children of Men (2006), and The International (2009). In 2012, he earned his first Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for his role in Hemingway & Gellhorn. He played Dr. John W. Thackery on the Cinemax medical drama series The Knick, for which he received a Golden Globe Award nomination.", "Q2153168": "GTO Records was a British record label which released many hits during the 1970s. It ran from 1974 to 1981 and mainly concentrated on pop music and disco. The acronym represented the Gem Toby Organization.", "Q150320": "Ottokar II (Czech: P\u0159emysl Otakar II.; c. 1233, in M\u011bstec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, in Bohemia \u2013 26 August 1278, in D\u00fcrnkrut, in Lower Austria), the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the P\u0159emyslid dynasty who reigned as King of Bohemia from 1253 until his death in 1278. He also held the titles of Margrave of Moravia from 1247, Duke of Austria from 1251, Duke of Styria from 1260, as well as Duke of Carinthia and landgrave of Carniola from 1269.\nWith Ottokar's rule, the P\u0159emyslids reached the peak of their power in the Holy Roman Empire. His expectations of the imperial crown, however, were never fulfilled.", "Q470575": "Daniel Canodoce \"Can\" Themba (21 June 1924 \u2013 1968) was a South African short-story writer.", "Q116375": "Edgar Henry Schein (born March 5, 1928), a former professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management, has made a notable mark on the field of organizational development in many areas, including career development, group process consultation, and organizational culture. He is the son of former University of Chicago professor Marcel Schein.\n\n", "Q2571880": "Andries \"Andy\" van Dam (born December 8, 1938) is a Dutch-American professor of computer science and former vice-president for research at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Together with Ted Nelson he contributed to the first hypertext system, Hypertext Editing System (HES) in the late 1960s. He co-authored Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice along with J.D. Foley, S.K. Feiner, and John Hughes. He also co-founded the precursor of today's ACM SIGGRAPH conference.\nVan Dam serves on several technical boards and committees. He teaches an introductory course in computer science and courses in computer graphics at Brown University.\nVan Dam received his B.S. degree with Honors in Engineering Sciences from Swarthmore College in 1960 and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1963 and 1966, respectively.", "Q119046": "Clifton E. \"Cliff\" Gallup (June 17, 1930 \u2013 October 9, 1988) was an American electric guitarist, who played rock and roll in the band Gene Vincent and His Blue Caps in the 1950s.", "Q23446": "Quentin Persifor Smith (born August 27, 1952, Rhinebeck, New York) is a professor emeritus of philosophy at Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan. He has worked in the philosophy of time, philosophy of language, philosophy of physics and philosophy of religion. Smith has published over 140 articles and of his published books, he has authored three, co-authored two, and co-authored and edited seven. He was an editor for Prometheus Books and was the chief editor for Philo from 2001 to 2007. He has debated William Lane Craig over the existence of God.", "Q35224": "Ido (, sometimes ) is a constructed language, derived from Reformed Esperanto, created to be a universal second language for speakers of diverse backgrounds. Ido was specifically designed to be grammatically, orthographically, and lexicographically regular, and above all easy to learn and use. In this sense, Ido is classified as a constructed international auxiliary language. It is the most successful of many Esperanto derivatives, called Esperantidos.\nIdo was created in 1907 out of a desire to reform perceived flaws in Esperanto, a language that had been created 20 years earlier to facilitate international communication. The name of the language traces its origin to the Esperanto word ido, meaning \"offspring\", since the language is a \"descendant\" of Esperanto. After its inception, Ido gained support from some in the Esperanto community, but following the sudden death in 1914 of one of its most influential proponents, Louis Couturat, it declined in popularity. There were two reasons for this: first, the emergence of further schisms arising from competing reform projects; and second, a general lack of awareness of Ido as a candidate for an international language. These obstacles weakened the movement and it was not until the rise of the Internet that it began to regain momentum.\nIdo uses the same 26 letters as the English (Latin) alphabet, with no diacritics. It draws its vocabulary from English, French, German, Italian, Latin, Russian, Spanish and Portuguese, and is largely intelligible to those who have studied Esperanto.\nSeveral works of literature have been translated into Ido, including The Little Prince, the Book of Psalms, and the Gospel of Luke. As of the year 2000, there were approximately 100\u2013200 Ido speakers in the world.", "Q368613": "Landon Pigg (born August 6, 1983) is an American actor and singer-songwriter.", "Q274548": "Anais Granofsky (born May 14, 1973) is a Canadian actress, screenwriter, producer and director. She is best known for portraying Lucy Fernandez in the Degrassi Junior High and Degrassi High series.", "Q601320": "Antonio Carluccio, OBE OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [an\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0njo kar\u02c8lutt\u0283o]; 19 April 1937 \u2013 8 November 2017) was an Italian chef, restaurateur and food expert, based in London. He has been called \"the godfather of Italian gastronomy\", with a career of more than 50 years. He is perhaps best known for his television appearances, including his partnership with fellow Italian chef Gennaro Contaldo, and their BBC Two television series Two Greedy Italians.", "Q263034": "The Unnamable II: The Statement of Randolph Carter (a.k.a. The Unnamable Returns) is a 1992 horror film directed Jean-Paul Ouellette. It incorporates elements from the short story \"The Statement of Randolph Carter\" by H.P. Lovecraft, and is a sequel to The Unnamable, which is loosely based on the short story of the same name, also by Lovecraft.Mark Kinsey Stephenson reprises the role of Randolph Carter from the previous film, while Charles Clausmeyer appears as Howard. John Rhys-Davies plays Professor Warren, and David Warner plays the dean of the university.\nDavid Warner is also featured in the film Necronomicon, starring alongside Jeffrey Combs, who plays Lovecraft himself.", "Q63062": "G\u00f6tz George (German pronunciation: [\u0261\u0153ts ge\u02c8\u0254\u0250\u032f g\u0259]; 23 July 1938 \u2013 19 June 2016) was a German actor, son of actor couple Berta Drews and Heinrich George. His arguably best-known role is that of Duisburg detective Horst Schimanski in the TV crime series Tatort.", "Q658255": "A subsidiary, subsidiary company or daughter company is a company that is owned or controlled by another company, which is called the parent company, parent, or holding company. The subsidiary can be a company, corporation, or limited liability company. In some cases it is a government or state-owned enterprise.\nIn the United States railroad industry, an operating subsidiary is a company that is a subsidiary but operates with its own identity, locomotives and rolling stock. In contrast, a non-operating subsidiary would exist on paper only (i.e., stocks, bonds, articles of incorporation) and would use the identity of the parent company.\nSubsidiaries are a common feature of business life and most multinational corporations organize their operations in this way. Examples include holding companies such as Berkshire Hathaway, Jefferies Financial Group, WarnerMedia, or Citigroup; as well as more focused companies such as IBM or Xerox. These, and others, organize their businesses into national and functional subsidiaries, often with multiple levels of subsidiaries.", "Q299826": "Paula Jai Parker (born August 19, 1969) is an American actress, comedian, director and singer-songwriter. She has a number of iconic roles in films, including Friday (1995), Sprung (1997), Why Do Fools Fall in Love (1998), Phone Booth (2002), Hustle & Flow (2005), and Idlewild (2006). Parker is also known for her voice of Trudy Proud in the Disney Channel animated comedy series, The Proud Family (2001-2005).", "Q3018042": "David Harewood, MBE (born 8 December 1965) is an English actor. He played CIA Counterterrorism Director David Estes in Homeland (2011\u20132012), and J'onn J'onzz / Martian Manhunter and Hank Henshaw / Cyborg Superman in Supergirl (2015\u2013present).", "Q1699618": "John Cipollina (August 24, 1943 \u2013 May 29, 1989) was a guitarist best known for his role as a founder and the lead guitarist of the prominent San Francisco rock band Quicksilver Messenger Service. After leaving Quicksilver he formed the band Copperhead, was a member of the San Francisco All Stars and later played with numerous other bands, including Janis Joplin on the Dick Cavett show.", "Q331766": "Luke Aaron Benward (born May 12, 1995) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for his role as Bo in the Netflix film Dumplin'. His first starring role was Billy Forrester in How to Eat Fried Worms (2006), and as Charlie Tuttle in Minutemen (2008). He played the role of Dillon in Ravenswood and also played the role of Will Cloud in the film Cloud 9 (2014). He recurred as Teddy's boyfriend, Beau, on the final season of the Disney Channel series Good Luck Charlie.", "Q235272": "Amy Lysle Smart (born March 26, 1976) is an American actress and former fashion model who rose to prominence in the late 1990s.A native of Los Angeles, Smart began her career modeling in Italy and subsequently enrolled in acting school. Her first role in film was in director Martin Kunert's anthology horror film Campfire Tales, followed by a minor part in Paul Verhoeven's Starship Troopers (1997). She garnered widespread recognition after appearing in the mainstream teen drama Varsity Blues (1999), as well as for her recurring role as Ruby on the television series Felicity (1999\u20132001). She followed this with a lead in the college sex comedy Road Trip (2000), and co-starred in Jerry Zucker's ensemble comedy Rat Race (2001). She had a lead role opposite Ashton Kutcher in the sci-fi drama The Butterfly Effect (2004).\nSmart co-starred with Ryan Reynolds and Anna Faris in 2005's Just Friends, followed by the sports drama Peaceful Warrior (2006). From 2011 to 2012, she had a recurring role as Jasmine Hollander on the series Shameless. She subsequently starred in Tyler Perry's comedy The Single Moms Club (2014).", "Q86950": "Johann Gottlob von Quandt (9 April 1787 \u2013 19 June 1859) was a German artist, art scholar, and collector.\nVon Quandt was born in Leipzig. He had met and corresponded with Goethe.\nSome of his own works are exhibited in the Tower of Fresken at the town of D\u00fcrrr\u00f6hrsdorf-Dittersbach, near Dresden. He died in Dresden.\nGottlob von Quandt never received any formal education. He did, however, study under people like Johann Friedrich Rochlitz, C. de Renty, and Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Gottlob von Quandt once rescued eleven pictures of Leipzig's Nicolai Church, some of which were the creations of Lucas Cranach the Elder. This notable act earned him the respect of Goethe. The rescue work also served as the stepping stone for him into a career of art historian and collector of old German paintings. He earned a high standing in the art world of his time, and his home in Rome was a meeting place for artists such as Johann Friedrich Overbeck, Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, Louise Seidler, and Bertel Thorvaldsen. Later, he left Rome for Dresden, where he spent the last part of his life. There, he turned his house into a kind of museum and a learning center for artists where they could work and study.The house also became a center from which von Quandt started his campaign for the promotion of the art of the Nazarenes. He contributed immensely toward this end, taking the Nazarenes art to the general public, increasing recognition of the work. As an art collector, von Quandt differed from other collectors in that he always allowed artists to choose their own subjects. He was a savior for the poor, as besides promoting art, he helped many youth from rural backgrounds to pursue studies.", "Q329129": "Franco Merli (born 31 October 1956, Rome, Italy) is an Italian actor, who is best known for his role in Sal\u00f2, or the 120 Days of Sodom.", "Q247182": "Gone Baby Gone is a 2007 American neo-noir mystery thriller film directed by Ben Affleck. In his feature-length directorial debut, Affleck co-wrote the screenplay with Aaron Stockard based on the 1998 novel Gone, Baby, Gone by Dennis Lehane. The film stars Casey Affleck and Michelle Monaghan as two private investigators hunting for a young girl abducted from her single mother's apartment in the Boston neighborhood of Dorchester. The supporting cast includes Morgan Freeman, Ed Harris and Amy Ryan.\nReleased on October 19, 2007, the film was well-received by critics and grossed $34.6 million worldwide against its $19 million budget. Ben Affleck was lauded for his directing debut by many critic organizations. Amy Ryan received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress.", "Q520430": "Andr\u00e9 Lafosse (1890\u20131975) was a professional trombonist and professor at the Conservatoire de Paris in the early 20th century.", "Q92925": "Alan Kotok (November 9, 1941 \u2013 May 26, 2006) was an American computer scientist known for his work at Digital Equipment Corporation (Digital, or DEC) and at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Steven Levy, in his book Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution, describes Kotok and his classmates at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as the first true hackers.\nKotok was a precocious child who skipped two grades before college. At MIT he became a member of the Tech Model Railroad Club, and after enrolling in MIT's first freshman programming class, he helped develop some of the earliest computer software including a digital audio program and what is sometimes called the first video game (Spacewar!). Together with his teacher John McCarthy and other classmates, he was part of the team that wrote the Kotok-McCarthy program which took part in the first chess match between computers.\nAfter leaving MIT, Kotok joined the computer manufacturer Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), where he worked for over 30 years. He was the chief architect of the PDP-10 family of computers, and created the company's Internet Business Group, responsible for several forms of Web-based technology including the first popular search engine. Kotok is known for his contributions to the Internet and to the World Wide Web through his work at the World Wide Web Consortium, which he and Digital had helped to found, and where he served as associate chairman.", "Q67204": "Friedrich Karl Freiherr von Eberstein (14 January 1894 \u2013 10 February 1979) was a member of the German nobility, early member of the Nazi Party, the SA, and the SS (introducing Reinhard Heydrich to Heinrich Himmler in July 1931). He was elected to the Reichstag and held the position of the chief of the Munich Police during the Nazi era. Eberstein was a witness at the Nuremberg Trials.", "Q975084": "Idith Zertal (born 1945) is an Israeli historian, considered one of the \"New Historians\".", "Q163932": "The 10th arrondissement of Marseille is a district (arrondissement) in the city of Marseille. The district is located east of the City. It borders the 11th arrondissement in the east, the 4th and 5th arrondissement in the north and the 8th arrondissement in the southwest.", "Q292973": "Victoria Elizabeth Coren Mitchell (n\u00e9e Coren; born 18 August 1972) is an English writer, presenter and professional poker player. Coren Mitchell writes weekly columns for The Observer and has hosted the BBC television quiz show Only Connect since 2008.", "Q68137": "Irmtraud Morgner, (22 August 1933 \u2013 6 May 1990), was a German writer, best known for works of magical realism concerned predominantly with the role of gender in East German society.\n\n", "Q251938": "Horatio Allen (May 10, 1802 \u2013 December 31, 1889) was an American civil engineer and inventor, and President of Erie Railroad in the year 1843\u20131844.\n\n", "Q1336218": "Emil Hertzka (3 August 1869 \u2013 9 May 1932) was an influential and pioneering music publisher who was responsible for printing and promoting some of the most important European musical works of the 20th century.", "Q28513": "Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central and Eastern Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, and was dissolved following the First World War.\nThe union was established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise on 30 March 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War. It consisted of two monarchies (Austria and Hungary), and one autonomous region: the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown, which negotiated the Croatian\u2013Hungarian Settlement in 1868. It was ruled by the House of Habsburg, and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy. Following the 1867 reforms, the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power. Foreign and military affairs came under joint oversight, but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states.\nAustria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe's major powers at the time. Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire, at 621,538 km2 (239,977 sq mi), and the third-most populous (after Russia and the German Empire). The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world, after the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Austria-Hungary also became the world's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants, after the United States and the German Empire.After 1878, Bosnia and Herzegovina came under Austro-Hungarian military and civilian rule until it was fully annexed in 1908, provoking the Bosnian crisis among the other powers. The northern part of the Ottoman Sanjak of Novi Pazar was also under de facto joint occupation during that period but the Austro-Hungarian army withdrew as part of their annexation of Bosnia. The annexation of Bosnia also led to Islam being recognized as an official state religion due to Bosnia's Muslim population.Austria-Hungary was one of the Central Powers in World War I, which began with an Austro-Hungarian war declaration on the Kingdom of Serbia on 28 July 1914. It was already effectively dissolved by the time the military authorities signed the armistice of Villa Giusti on 3 November 1918. The Kingdom of Hungary and the First Austrian Republic were treated as its successors de jure, whereas the independence of the West Slavs and South Slavs of the Empire as the First Czechoslovak Republic, the Second Polish Republic and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, respectively, and most of the territorial demands of the Kingdom of Romania were also recognized by the victorious powers in 1920.", "Q342788": "Stuart Bruce Greenwood (born August 12, 1956) is a Canadian actor and producer. He is known for his role as the American president John F. Kennedy in Thirteen Days, for which he won the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture, and as Captain Christopher Pike in J. J. Abrams's Star Trek reboot series. He has been nominated for three Canadian Screen Awards, once for Best Actor (for Elephant Song) and twice for Best Supporting Actor (for The Sweet Hereafter and Being Julia). In television, Greenwood starred as Gil Garcetti in The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story, and has appeared in Mad Men, St. Elsewhere, Knots Landing, and John from Cincinnati. He currently stars as Dr. Randolph Bell in the medical drama The Resident.\nHe has appeared in supporting roles in such films as National Treasure: Book of Secrets, Kingsman: The Golden Circle, Hollywood Homicide, Double Jeopardy, D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu, I, Robot, Dinner for Schmucks, Capote, The Post and as the motion-capture alien dubbed \"Cooper\" in Super 8. Greenwood is also a voice actor; his voice roles include Chiron in the Canadian animated series Class of the Titans and Bruce Wayne / Batman in Batman: Under the Red Hood, Young Justice and Batman: Gotham by Gaslight.", "Q1430340": "Floyd R. Bean (born August 30, 1904, Grinnell, Iowa - died March 9, 1974, Cedar Rapids, Iowa) was an American jazz pianist.\nBean led his own band as a teenager and played at the Linwood Inn in Davenport, Iowa in the mid-1920s, where Bix Beiderbecke would occasionally sit in. He played with local Iowa bands and on the radio station WOC for several years thereafter. He relocated to Chicago in 1933, working with Eddie Niebaur, then Jimmy McPartland and Bob Crosby. In 1940 he played with Wingy Manone and then led a trio of his own. For most of 1943 he worked under Boyd Raeburn, then put together another ensemble to play at the club Brass Rail; soon after this he played with Eddie Stone and Jess Stacy, working as an arranger as well as a pianist. Late in the 1940s he played with Paul Mares and Sidney Bechet, and in the early 1950s with Miff Mole and Muggsy Spanier. He joined Georg Brunis in 1953 and worked with him through the end of the decade; other associations in the 1950s and later included Bob Scobey and Bill Reinhardt.", "Q953725": "Georgi Markov (Bulgarian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438 \u041c\u044a\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432, born April 5, 1946) is a Bulgarian Greco-Roman wrestler.\nHe was born in Gorno Vyrshilo, Pazardzhik province.\nHe is the gold winner in the 1972 Summer Olympics, one time World champion and champion of Europe. On the 1984 European Championship in J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Markov disarmed a terrorist who intruded in the sport-hall.He is awarded with Doctor Honoris Causa degree.", "Q220119": "Lenka Krobotov\u00e1 (born 10 March 1977) is a Czech actress. She won the Czech Lion award for Best Supporting Actress in 2014 for her role in the film D\u00edra u Hanu\u0161ovic. She is the daughter of actor and director Miroslav Krobot and the actress Hana Doulov\u00e1.", "Q234144": "Margarita Ibrahimoff (born October 26, 1956), known professionally as Rita Wilson, is an American actress, singer, songwriter, and producer. Her film appearances include Volunteers (1985), Sleepless in Seattle (1993), Now and Then (1995), Jingle All the Way (1996), The Story of Us (1999), Runaway Bride (1999), It's Complicated (2009), and Larry Crowne (2011), and she appeared in the television series The Good Wife and Girls. Wilson has performed on Broadway, and has produced several films, including My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002). As a singer/songwriter, Wilson has released the albums AM/FM, Rita Wilson, Bigger Picture, and Halfway to Home. In March 2019, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q477232": "Aktobe (Kazakh: \u0410\u049b\u0442\u04e9\u0431\u0435, romanized: Aqt\u00f3be; Russian: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0301, romanized: Aktobe) is a city on the Ilek River in Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of Aktobe Region. In 2020, it had a population of 500 803 people.\n\n", "Q772494": "Chess Records was an American record company, founded in 1950 in Chicago and specializing in blues and rhythm and blues. Over time it expanded into soul music, gospel music, early rock and roll, and occasional jazz and comedy recordings, released on the Chess label and on its subsidiary labels Checker, Argo/Cadet and Cadet Concept. The entire Chess catalogue is currently owned by Universal Music Group and managed by Geffen Records.\nFounded and run by two Jewish immigrant brothers from what was then Poland, Leonard and Phil Chess, the company produced and released many singles and albums regarded as central to the rock music canon. The musician and critic Cub Koda described Chess as \"America's greatest blues label.\"Chess was based at several different locations on the south side of Chicago, initially at two different locations on South Cottage Grove Ave. The most famous location was 2120 S. Michigan Avenue from May 1957 to 1965, immortalized by the Rolling Stones in \"2120 South Michigan Avenue\", an instrumental recorded there during the group's first U.S. tour in 1964. The Rolling Stones recorded at Chess Studios on two more occasions. The 2120 S. Michigan building was officially named Ter-Mar Studios but was commonly referred to as Chess Studios. The building is now the home of Willie Dixon's Blues Heaven Foundation. In the mid-1960s, Chess relocated to a much larger building, the former home of Revere Camera Company at 320 E. 21st Street, the label's final Chicago home. Shortly before the death of Leonard Chess in 1969, the brothers sold the company.", "Q1026925": "California State University, Fullerton (CSUF or Cal State Fullerton) is a public university in Fullerton, California. With a total enrollment of about 40,400, it has the largest student body of the 23-campus California State University (CSU) system, and its approximately 5,800 graduate student body is also the largest in the CSU and one of the largest in all of California. As of Fall 2016, the school had 2,083 faculty, of which 782 were on the tenure track.The university offers 109 degrees: 57 bachelor's degrees and 52 graduate degrees, including three doctorates.CSUF is a Hispanic-serving institution and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander serving institution (AANAPISI). The university is nationally accredited in art, athletic training, business, chemistry, communications, communicative disorders, computer science, dance, engineering, music, nursing, public administration, public health, social work, teacher education and theater. Spending related to CSUF generates an impact of around $2.26 billion to the California and local economy, and sustains nearly 16,000 jobs statewide.CSUF athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the CSUF Titans. They compete in the Big West Conference.", "Q62354": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Cop\u00e9 (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303.f\u0281\u0251\u0303.swa k\u0254.pe]; born 5 May 1964) is a French politician. He is Mayor of Meaux. He was Spokesperson for the French Government between 2002 and 2007, and assumed other tenures in the government\u2014including Minister of the Budget\u2014at the same time. He was also Deputy (D\u00e9put\u00e9) for the 6th constituency of Seine-et-Marne, and President of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) Group in the French National Assembly. In November 2010 he became General Secretary of the UMP. In August 2012 he announced that he would run for the presidency of the UMP, facing the former Prime Minister Fran\u00e7ois Fillon.\nOn 19 November 2012 he was elected President of the UMP with 50.03% of votes from its members, defeating Fran\u00e7ois Fillon, who asserted his own victory. He resigned from the post on 27 May 2014 following an invoices scandal and poor results for the UMP at the 2014 European elections.\n\n", "Q301855": "Louis Winston Douglas, sometimes spelled Douglass (May 14, 1889, Philadelphia - May 19, 1939, New York City) was an American dancer, choreographer, and music businessman.\nDouglas toured Ireland with a children's revue in 1903 and then went on tour in Europe with Belle Davis from 1903 to 1908, and appears with her in the 1906 film Die sch\u00f6ne Davis mit ihren drei Negern. He branched into solo dancing from 1910, doing shows throughout the major European capitals, and toured South America in 1923.He and Miss Marion Cook starred in the revue \"Tout Nue\" at the Concert Mayol in Paris from March through September 1924. He was the star of the 1925 show La revue n\u00e8gre, which featured music by Claude Hopkins and his Charleston Jazz Band. In 1926 he organized and starred in Black People, with music by some of Sam Wooding's sidemen; the show toured Europe and North Africa. His shows in Berlin in 1926 and in New York in 1927 featured, at times, Sidney Bechet, Tommy Ladnier, Valaida Snow, and Juice Wilson. He can be seen as a dancer in the films Einbrecher (1930) and Niemandsland (1931), he had a leading acting role in the latter.\nDouglas choreographed revues at the Casino de Paris between 1933 and 1936, then did a final tour of Europe before returning to New York in 1937. There he starred in Eubie Blake and Andy Razaf's Tan Manhattan, then worked with James P. Johnson on the show Tan Town Topics. He and Johnson also worked on Policy Kings the following year.\nLouis Douglas married the daughter of composer Will Marion Cook and singer Abbie Mitchell.", "Q101621": "Peter Deeg (14 May 1908 \u2013 25 June 2005) was a German lawyer, writer and politician. He was a member of the NSDAP and later the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.", "Q563535": "The Social Democratic Party in the GDR (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei in der DDR) was a reconstituted Social Democratic Party existing during the last phase of the East German state. Slightly less than a year after its creation it merged with the West German Social Democratic Party of Germany.", "Q99858": "Nikolaus (Klaus) M\u00fcller (April 19, 1892, Augsburg \u2013 August 6, 1980, ibid.) was the mayor of Augsburg, Germany, between 1947 and 1964. He was a member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.", "Q437616": "Bill Viola (born 1951) is a contemporary video artist whose artistic expression depends upon electronic, sound, and image technology in New Media. His works focus on the ideas behind fundamental human experiences such as birth, death and aspects of consciousness.", "Q86978": "B\u00e9la III (Hungarian: III. B\u00e9la, Croatian: Bela III, Slovak: Belo III; c. 1148 \u2013 23 April 1196) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1172 and 1196. He was the second son of King G\u00e9za II and G\u00e9za's wife, Euphrosyne of Kiev. Around 1161, Euphrosyne granted B\u00e9la a duchy, which included Croatia, central Dalmatia and possibly Sirmium. In accordance with a peace treaty between his elder brother, Stephen III, who succeeded their father in 1162, and the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, B\u00e9la moved to Constantinople in 1163. He was renamed to Alexios, and the emperor granted him the newly created senior court title of despotes. He was betrothed to the Emperor's daughter, Maria. B\u00e9la's patrimony caused armed conflicts between the Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary between 1164 and 1167, because Stephen III attempted to hinder the Byzantines from taking control of Croatia, Dalmatia and Sirmium. B\u00e9la-Alexios, who was designated as Emperor Manuel's heir in 1165, took part in three Byzantine campaigns against Hungary. His betrothal to the emperor's daughter was dissolved after her brother, Alexios, was born in 1169. The emperor deprived B\u00e9la of his high title, granting him the inferior rank of kaisar.\nStephen III died on 4 March 1172, and B\u00e9la decided to return to Hungary. Before his departure, he pledged that he would never make war against the Byzantine Empire. Although the Hungarian prelates and lords unanimously proclaimed B\u00e9la king, Lucas, Archbishop of Esztergom opposed his coronation because of B\u00e9la's alleged simony. Finally, the Archbishop of Kalocsa crowned him king on 18 January 1173, with Pope Alexander III's approval. B\u00e9la fought with his younger brother, G\u00e9za, whom he held in captivity for more than a decade. Taking advantage of the internal conflicts in the Byzantine Empire after Emperor Manuel's death, B\u00e9la reoccupied Croatia, Dalmatia and Sirmium between 1180 and 1181. He occupied the Principality of Halych in 1188, but it was lost within two years.\nB\u00e9la promoted the use of written records during his reign. Hungarian chronicles from the 14th century even state that he was responsible for the establishment of the Royal Chancery. The royal palace built in Esztergom during his reign was the first example of Gothic architecture in Central Europe. He was the wealthiest European monarch of his time, according to a list of his revenues, but the reliability of the list is questioned.", "Q5075134": "Sir Charles Andrew Cotton (24 February 1885 \u2013 29 June 1970) was a New Zealand geologist and geomorphologist, described as one of the leading scientists that New Zealand has produced.\n\n", "Q441780": "Altitude is a Canadian horror, television and direct-to-video film directed by Canadian comic book writer and artist Kaare Andrews. Anchor Bay Entertainment distributed the film in North America, UK, Australia, and New Zealand.\nThe trailer for Altitude premiered at the 2010 San Diego Comic Con.", "Q127180": "Ren\u00e9e Toft Simonsen (born 12 May 1965) is a Danish former supermodel who currently works as a writer. Simonsen was one of the most successful models in the world during the 1980s.", "Q60543": "Kim Dotcom (born Kim Schmitz, 21 January 1974), also known as Kimble and Kim Tim Jim Vestor, is a German-Finnish Internet entrepreneur and political activist who resides in Queenstown, New Zealand. He first rose to fame in Germany in the 1990s as an Internet entrepreneur.\nDotcom is the founder and former CEO of the now-defunct file hosting service Megaupload (2005\u20132012). The company was financially successful, but in 2012 the United States Department of Justice seized its website and pressed charges against Dotcom, including criminal copyright infringement, money laundering, racketeering and wire fraud. Dotcom was residing in New Zealand at the time; at the request of US authorities, New Zealand police raided his home in 2012 and arrested him. Dotcom posted bail, and has been going through lengthy legal proceedings and appeals ever since to avoid being extradited to the United States.\nOn 20 February 2017, a New Zealand court ruled that Dotcom, as well as co-accused Mathias Ortmann, Bram van der Kolk and Carter Edwards, could be extradited to the US on fraud charges related to Megaupload. Dotcom denies any wrongdoing and has accused US authorities of pursuing a vendetta against him on behalf of politically influential Hollywood studios. On 5 July 2018, the New Zealand Court of Appeal upheld the lower court's ruling. His lawyer said that he would appeal the decision to the Supreme Court.In 2013, Dotcom launched another cloud storage service called Mega, although he later severed all ties with the service in 2015. He also started and funded the Internet Party. The party contested the 2014 New Zealand general election under an electoral alliance with the Mana Movement, and the 2017 general election, but failed to win any seats at either election.", "Q719235": "Khuang Aphaiwong (also spelled Kuang, Abhaiwong, or Abhaiwongse; Thai: \u0e04\u0e27\u0e07 \u0e2d\u0e20\u0e31\u0e22\u0e27\u0e07\u0e28\u0e4c, IPA: [k\u02b0ua\u014b \u0294\u00e0.p\u02b0aj.wo\u014b]; 17 May 1902 \u2013 15 March 1968), also known by his noble title Luang Kowit-aphaiwong (Thai: \u0e2b\u0e25\u0e27\u0e07\u0e42\u0e01\u0e27\u0e34\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e31\u0e22\u0e27\u0e07\u0e28\u0e4c, Thai pronunciation: [l\u01d4a\u014b ko\u02d0.w\u00edt.\u0294\u00e0.p\u02b0aj.wo\u014b]), was three times the prime minister of Thailand: from August 1944 to 1945, from January to May 1946, and from November 1947 to April 1948.", "Q155270": "Julien Benda (26 December 1867 \u2013 7 June 1956) was a French philosopher and novelist, known as an essayist and cultural critic. He is best known for his short book, La Trahison des Clercs from 1927 (The Treason of the Intellectuals or The Betrayal of the Intellectuals).", "Q465636": "Arthel Lane \"Doc\" Watson (March 3, 1923 \u2013 May 29, 2012) was an American guitarist, songwriter, and singer of bluegrass, folk, country, blues, and gospel music. Watson won seven Grammy awards as well as a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Watson's fingerstyle and flatpicking skills, as well as his knowledge of traditional American music, were highly regarded. Blind from a young age, he performed with his son, guitarist Merle Watson, for over 15 years until Merle's death in 1985 in an accident on the family farm.", "Q1704713": "Josef G\u00e4nsbacher (6 October 1829 in Vienna \u2013 5 June 1911 ibid) was an Austrian music educator.", "Q187336": "Giuseppe Mazzini (UK: , US: , Italian: [d\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bppe mat\u02c8tsi\u02d0ni]; 22 June 1805 \u2013 10 March 1872) was an Italian politician, journalist, activist for the unification of Italy, and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement. His efforts helped bring about the independent and unified Italy in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. He also helped define the modern European movement for popular democracy in a republican state.Mazzini's thoughts had a very considerable influence on the Italian and European republican movements, in the Constitution of Italy, about Europeanism, and, more nuanced, on many politicians of a later period: among them, men like U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, but also post-colonial leaders such as Gandhi, Golda Meir, David Ben-Gurion, Kwame Nkrumah, Jawaharlal Nehru and Sun Yat-sen.", "Q104981": "Erna Baumbauer (8 January 1919 \u2013 30 January 2010) was a German casting agent. She has been called the \"grand dame of German casting agents\" by The Hollywood Reporter for her long career in the German film industry, which spanned decades. She was nicknamed \"the Queen of Bavaria\" by one of her clients, actor Ulrich M\u00fche.", "Q453384": "Janet Flanner (March 13, 1892 \u2013 November 7, 1978) was an American writer and journalist who served as the Paris correspondent of The New Yorker magazine from 1925 until she retired in 1975. She wrote under the pen name \"Gen\u00eat\". She also published a single novel, The Cubical City, set in New York City.\n\n", "Q70988": "Carl Joachim Friedrich Ludwig von Arnim (26 January 1781 \u2013 21 January 1831), better known as Achim von Arnim, was a German poet, novelist, and together with Clemens Brentano and Joseph von Eichendorff, a leading figure of German Romanticism.", "Q172817": "George J. Constantine (February 22, 1918 in Southbridge, Massachusetts \u2013 January 7, 1968 in New York City) was a racing driver from the United States. He competed nationally in 108 races between 1953 and 1962, winning 17 times. Mr. Constantine was the United States Sports Car Driver of the Year in 1960. He won the 1959 Nassau Trophy race and the 1956 grand prix at Watkins Glen, N.Y. (in a Jaguar D-type). He set course records at Lime Rock, Conn. (1:05.81), and Marlboro, Md., in 1958, and he was one of the top-rated competitors in the 1959 Daytona, Fla. international speedway race. Mr. Constantine was known as the \"King of Lime Rock\" and \"The Flying Greek.\" His most famous car with the most victories was the rare and fabulous Aston Martin DBR2/1 (owned by Elisha Walker, Jr.), and his mechanic was Rex Woodgate.", "Q2330311": "Diomidis D. Spinellis (Greek: \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394. \u03a3\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2; February 2, 1967, Athens) is a Greek computer science academic and author of the books Code Reading, Code Quality, Beautiful Architecture (co-author) and Effective Debugging.", "Q285599": "Albany is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. Located on the Flint River, it is the seat of Dougherty County. Located in southwest Georgia, it is the principal city of the Albany, Georgia metropolitan area. The population was 77,434 at the 2010 U.S. Census, making it the eighth-largest city in the state.It became prominent in the nineteenth century as a shipping and market center, first served by riverboats and then by railroads. Seven lines met in Albany, and it was a center of trade in the Southeast. It is part of the Black Belt (geological formation), the extensive area in the Deep South of cotton plantations. From the mid-20th century, it received military investment during World War II and after, that helped develop the region. Albany and this area were prominent during the civil rights era, particularly during the early 1960s as activists worked to regain voting and other civil rights. Railroad restructuring and reduction in the military here caused job losses, but the city has developed new businesses.", "Q47842": "Empress Dowager Cixi (Chinese: \u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e; pinyin: C\u00edx\u012b T\u00e0ih\u00f2u; [ts\u02b0\u0268\u030c.\u0255\u00ec t\u02b0\u00e2i.x\u00f4u]; Manchu: Tsysi taiheo; 29 November 1835 \u2013 15 November 1908), of the Manchu Yehe Nara clan, was a Chinese empress dowager and regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years, from 1861 until her death in 1908.\nSelected as a concubine of the Xianfeng Emperor in her adolescence, she gave birth to a son, Zaichun, in 1856. After the Xianfeng Emperor's death in 1861, the young boy became the Tongzhi Emperor, and she became the Empress Dowager. Cixi ousted a group of regents appointed by the late emperor and assumed regency, which she shared with Empress Dowager Ci'an. Cixi then consolidated control over the dynasty when she installed her nephew as the Guangxu Emperor at the death of the Tongzhi Emperor in 1875, contrary to the traditional rules of succession of the Qing dynasty that had ruled China since 1644.\nCixi supervised the Tongzhi Restoration, a series of moderate reforms that helped the regime survive until 1911. Although Cixi refused to adopt Western models of government, she supported technological and military reforms and the Self-Strengthening Movement. She supported the principles of the Hundred Days' Reforms of 1898, but feared that sudden implementation, without bureaucratic support, would be disruptive and that the Japanese and other foreign powers would take advantage of any weakness. She placed the Guangxu Emperor, whom she thought had tried to assassinate her, under virtual house arrest for supporting radical reformers, publicly executing the main reformers. After the Boxer Rebellion led to invasion by Allied armies, Cixi initially backed the Boxer groups and declared war on the invaders. The ensuing defeat was a stunning humiliation. When Cixi returned to Beijing from Xi'an, where she had taken the emperor, she became friendly to foreigners in the capital and began to implement fiscal and institutional reforms aimed to turn China into a constitutional monarchy. The death of both Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor in November 1908 left the court in hands of Manchu conservatives, a child, Puyi, on the throne, and a restless, deeply divided society.\nHistorians both in China and abroad have debated her legacy. Conventionally denounced as a ruthless despot whose reactionary policies \u2013 although successfully self-serving in prolonging the ailing Qing dynasty \u2013 led to its humiliation and utter downfall in the Wuchang Uprising, revisionists suggested that Nationalist and Communist revolutionaries scapegoated her for deep-rooted problems beyond salvage, and lauded her maintenance of political order as well as numerous effective, if belated reforms \u2013 including the abolition of slavery, ancient torturous punishments and the ancient examination system in her ailing years, the latter supplanted by institutions including the new Peking University.", "Q17065414": "Over the Garden Wall is an American animated television miniseries created by Patrick McHale for Cartoon Network. The series centers on two half-brothers who travel across a mysterious forest in order to find their way home, encountering a variety of strange and fantastical things on their journey. The show is based on McHale's animated short film Tome of the Unknown, which was produced as part of Cartoon Network Studios' shorts development program. Elijah Wood and Collin Dean voice the protagonists Wirt and Greg, and Melanie Lynskey voices Beatrice, a bluebird. Over the Garden Wall was broadcast throughout the week of November 3 to November 7, 2014.\nThe show was the first miniseries on the network. McHale first envisioned the show in 2004, and pitched it to the network in 2006. After working on other Cartoon Network shows including The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack and Adventure Time, the network expressed interest in McHale pitching a pilot. That pilot became the catalyst for Over the Garden Wall. Production of the show began in March 2014 and was largely done in Burbank, California, but many of the show's storyboard artists worked from other U.S. cities, while the program's animation was outsourced to South Korean studio Digital eMation. The series' environment evokes 19th- and 20th-century Americana, while its digital backgrounds are designed to resemble grisaille paintings.\nThe series was well received by television critics, who praised its atmosphere and characters. In 2015, the series won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program. A one-shot comic book adaptation penned by McHale has been produced, with four further issues commissioned. This was eventually expanded into an ongoing series.", "Q2157440": "Robert H. Scanlan (1914-2001) was a civil and aeronautical engineer who came to be widely recognized as a leader in the analysis of wind effects on large structures. Scanlan created the concept of flutter derivatives to aid in the representation of self-excited forces in theoretical models. His research in the area of bridge aerodynamics made possible the construction of larger, sturdier, and more cost-effective bridges. Scanlan worked in both industry and academia, and his employers included Republic Aviation, the Federal Aviation Administration, the French agencies CNRS and ONERA, Schlumberger, the Case Institute of Technology, Princeton University, and Johns Hopkins University. In the course of his life, Scanlan published two textbooks, \"Aircraft Vibration and Flutter\" and \"Wind Effects on Large Structures,\" which are used by engineers worldwide.\n\n", "Q153167": "Valdas Adamkus ([\u02c8v\u0250\u0302\u02d1\u026bd\u0250s \u0250\u02c8d\u0250m\u02d1k\u028as] (listen); born Voldemaras Adamkavi\u010dius; 3 November 1926) is a Lithuanian politician. He was the President of Lithuania from 1998 to 2003 and again from 2004 to 2009.\nIn Lithuania, the President's tenure lasts for five years; Adamkus' first term in office began on 26 February 1998 and ended on 28 February 2003, following his defeat by Rolandas Paksas in the next presidential election. Paksas was later impeached and removed from office by a parliamentary vote on 6 April 2004. Soon afterwards, when a new election was announced, Adamkus again ran for president and was re-elected. His approval ratings were high and he was regarded as a moral authority in the state. He was succeeded as the president on 12 July 2009 by Dalia Grybauskait\u0117.\nHe is married to Alma Adamkien\u0117, who is involved in charitable activities in Lithuania. Following the end of his term as president, Adamkus remained involved in international development, and is a member of the European Academy of Diplomacy.", "Q1797609": "Hampden\u2013Sydney College (H-SC) is a men's liberal arts college in Hampden Sydney, Virginia. Founded in 1775, Hampden\u2013Sydney is the oldest privately chartered college in the southern United States, the tenth-oldest college in the nation, the last college founded before the American Declaration of Independence, and one of only three four-year, all-male liberal arts colleges remaining in the United States (alongside Morehouse and Wabash). Hampden\u2013Sydney College is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the Virginia Landmarks Register. It is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA).", "Q1316686": "Garrett Augustus Morgan, Sr. (March 4, 1877 \u2013 July 27, 1963) was an African-American inventor, businessman, and community leader. His most notable inventions were a three position traffic signal and a smoke hood notably used in a 1916 tunnel construction disaster rescue. Morgan also discovered and developed a chemical hair-processing and straightening solution. He created a successful company based on his hair product inventions along with a complete line of hair-care products, and became involved in the civic and political advancement of African-Americans, especially in and around Cleveland, Ohio.\n\n", "Q1341906": "Thomas John Dowd (October 20, 1925 \u2013 October 27, 2002) was an American recording engineer and producer for Atlantic Records. He was credited with innovating the multitrack recording method. Dowd worked on a veritable \"who's who\" of recordings that encompassed blues, jazz, pop, rock and soul records.", "Q518839": "Andr\u00e9 Gertler (26 July 1907 \u2013 23 July 1998) was a Hungarian classical violinist and teacher.\nProfessor at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels (1940\u20131977), Professor at the Cologne Academy of Music (1954\u20131957), Professor at the College of Music in Hannover (1964), founder and leader of the Gertler Quartet.", "Q19080": "Vasco N\u00fa\u00f1ez de Balboa (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8basko \u02c8nu\u0272e\u03b8 \u00f0e \u03b2al\u02c8\u03b2o.a]; c. 1475 \u2013 around January 12\u201321, 1519) was a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World.\nHe traveled to the New World in 1500 and, after some exploration, settled on the island of Hispaniola. He founded the settlement of Santa Mar\u00eda la Antigua del Dari\u00e9n in present-day Colombia in 1510, which was the first permanent European settlement on the mainland of the Americas (a settlement by Alonso de Ojeda the previous year at San Sebasti\u00e1n de Urab\u00e1 had already been abandoned).", "Q70036": "Bottmingen (Swiss German: Bottmige) is a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Land in Switzerland.", "Q2886671": "Baseball Bugs is a 1946 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes theatrical animated cartoon starring Bugs Bunny which was originally released on February 2, 1946. In the short, Bugs Bunny singlehandedly defeats the \"Gas-House Gorillas\", a baseball team of hulking, cigar-chomping bullies. The cartoon has been called Bugs \"at his best\" and is still referenced by baseball fans and observers.", "Q1677931": "Nessim Jacques Canetti (30 May 1909, Ruse, Bulgaria \u2013 7 June 1997, Suresnes) was a French music executive and a talent agent. Born into a Sephardic Jewish family, his parents were Jacques Elias (Elieser) and Matilda (n\u00e9e Arditti) Canetti. He was the brother of the Nobel Prize-winning author Elias Canetti (1905-1994) and of Georges Canetti (1911-1971), a researcher and professor at the Pasteur Institute. Canetti studied at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales.\nCanetti joined the Polydor record company in 1931. There, he persuaded Marlene Dietrich to record her first album of French songs, and also worked on recordings of classical music by the Galimir Quartet. He had developed a strong interest in jazz, and organised \"Jazz Hot\" tours of jazz artists to university towns, during the course of which he brought Louis Armstrong, Cab Calloway, and Duke Ellington to France. In 1936, he became artistic director of the programme \"Le Music-hall des jeunes\" at Radio-Cit\u00e9, which began his long-term artistic involvement with French chanson.During World War II, Canetti worked in Algiers for Radio-France Alger, and established a theatre with Fran\u00e7oise Rosay and Pierre Dac. After World War II, he became artistic director at Polydor, and in 1947, he opened the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre des Trois Baudets in the Pigalle district in Paris. This venue hosted a great number of famous French performers, including Georges Brassens, Jacques Brel, Guy B\u00e9art, Serge Gainsbourg, Francis Lemarque, F\u00e9lix Leclerc, and Juliette Gr\u00e9co, and served as an artistic testing ground for potential recording artists of interest to Canetti. He built up in parallel a catalogue of chanson recordings for the Philips label, in addition to work for Polydor, and also the Fontana label.\nIn 1963, Canetti left Philips and founded his own production company, Les productions Jacques Canetti, and record label, Disques Canetti, which featured such artists as Jeanne Moreau, Jacques Higelin, Simone Signoret, Serge Reggiani, and Boris Vian. The Th\u00e9\u00e2tre des Trois Baudets closed in 1967. In 1978, Canetti published his memoir, On cherche jeune homme aimant la musique, whose title derived from a job advertisement from Polydor which read \"Cherche jeune homme aimant la musique et parlant couramment allemand\" (\"Seeking young man who loves music and speaks fluent German\").\nCanetti married Lucienne Vernay in 1947. The couple had three children, Colette, Fran\u00e7oise and Bernard.", "Q869491": "The Uri Alps (also known as Urner Alps, German: Urner Alpen) are a mountain range in Central Switzerland and part of the Western Alps. They extend into the cantons of Obwalden, Valais, Bern, Uri and Nidwalden and are bordered by the Bernese Alps (Grimsel Pass) and the Emmental Alps to the west (the four lakes: Lungerersee, Sarnersee, Wichelsee, and Alpnachersee), the Schwyzer Alps to the north (Lake Lucerne), the Lepontine Alps to the south (the valley of Urseren with Andermatt) and the Glarus Alps to the east (Reuss).\nThe Uri Alps are composed of two distinct groups separated by the Susten Pass. The Dammastock massif on the south is the most glaciated part while the northern part, which culminates on Titlis, has lower summits but greater extent.", "Q164913": "Zdenka H\u00e1skov\u00e1 (1878 - 1946) was a Czech translator, journalist and writer.", "Q728956": "Christopher William Brasher CBE (21 August 1928 \u2013 28 February 2003) was a British track and field athlete, sports journalist and co-founder of the London Marathon.", "Q433316": "Tuba \u00dcnsal (born 7 December 1981) is a Turkish actress and model.", "Q2637845": "Millennium is a Swedish six-part television miniseries based on the 2009 film adaptations of Stieg Larsson's series of the same name. The miniseries was produced by Yellow Bird in cooperation with several production companies, including SVT, Nordisk Film, Film i V\u00e4st and ZDF Enterprises, and was broadcast on SVT1 from 20 March 2010 to 24 April 2010. It was released later in DVD and Blu-ray in the US under the name Dragon Tattoo Trilogy: Extended Edition.\nMillennium was well received, winning a jury award for drama at Kristallen 2010, and an International Emmy Award for Best TV Movie or Miniseries in 2011.", "Q273569": "Jolanta Emilia Hibner (born January 26, 1951 in Z\u0105bki) is a Polish politician. \nShe was elected to the Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 3512 votes in 19 Warsaw district, candidating from the Civic Platform list. She was reelected on 21 October 2007.\nOn 7 June 2009 Jolanta Hibner was elected Member of European Parliament from Masovian Voivodeship constituency.", "Q74250": "Captain Karl Mayr (5 January 1883 \u2013 9 February 1945) was a German General Staff officer and Adolf Hitler's immediate superior in an army Intelligence Division in the Reichswehr, 1919\u20131920. Mayr was particularly known as the man who introduced Hitler to politics. In 1919, Mayr directed Hitler to write the Gemlich letter, in which Hitler first expressed his anti-semitic views in writing.Mayr later became Hitler's opponent, and wrote in his memoirs that General Erich Ludendorff had personally ordered him to have Hitler join the German Workers' Party (DAP) and build it up. As far as it is known, his last rank was major. In 1933, he fled to France after the Nazis came to national power. Mayr was tracked down by the Gestapo, arrested, imprisoned, and later murdered at the Buchenwald Concentration Camp in 1945.\nA fact-based portrayal of Mayr is dramatized in the 2002 film Max, a fictional account of Hitler's life in Munich just prior to joining the German Workers' Party.", "Q609032": "Joseph William Castillo (born March 30, 1966) is an American musician and songwriter. He is best known for being the drummer of the hard rock band Queens of the Stone Age from 2002 to 2012. He has also been a member of Danzig, Eagles of Death Metal, California Breed, Zilch, and Scott Weiland and the Wildabouts.\nCastillo joined Queens of the Stone Age in 2002, following the departure of temporary drummer Dave Grohl. He recorded two studio albums, Lullabies to Paralyze (2005), Era Vulgaris (2007), and recorded half of ...Like Clockwork (2013) before being fired by founding member Josh Homme during the process. \nSince leaving Queens of the Stone Age and Homme side project Eagles of Death Metal in 2012, Castillo joined California Breed, replacing founding member Jason Bonham, joined Scott Weiland and the Wildabouts, touring with the band before the singer's death in 2015, and joined three groups with former Queens of the Stone Age bandmate Nick Oliveri: supergroups Bloodclot (with John Joseph of Cro-Mags and Todd Youth, former Danzig and Murphy's Law guitarist), Royale Daemons (with Wino), and historic punk band Bl'ast. Castillo also has joined Zakk Wylde-led Black Sabbath cover band Zakk Sabbath.\nCurrently, Joey is touring with The Bronx, after founding member Jorma Vik left to play with Eagles of Death Metal.", "Q54180": "Pomeranian Voivodeship, Pomorskie Region, or Pomerania Province (Polish: wojew\u00f3dztwo pomorskie [v\u0254j\u025b\u02c8vut\u0361stf\u0254 p\u0254\u02c8m\u0254rsk\u02b2\u025b]; Kashubian P\u00f2m\u00f2rscz\u00e9 w\u00f2jew\u00f3dztw\u00f2), is a voivodeship, or province, in northwestern Poland. The provincial capital is Gda\u0144sk.\nThe voivodeship was established on January 1, 1999, out of the former voivodeships of Gda\u0144sk, Elbl\u0105g and S\u0142upsk, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1997. It is bordered by West Pomeranian Voivodeship to the west, Greater Poland and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeships to the south, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship to the east, and the Baltic Sea to the north. It also shares a short land border with Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast), on the Vistula Spit. The voivodeship comprises most of Pomerelia (the easternmost part of historical Pomerania), as well as an area east of the Vistula River. The western part of the province, around S\u0142upsk, belonged historically to Farther Pomerania, while Pomerelia and the eastern bank of the Vistula belonged to the historical region of Prussia. The central parts of the province are also known as Kashubia, named after the Kashubian minority.\nThe province is one of rich cultural heritage. The Tricity urban area, consisting of Gda\u0144sk, Gdynia and Sopot, is one of the main cultural, commercial and educational centres of Poland. Gda\u0144sk and Gdynia are two of the major Polish seaports, the first erected by Mieszko I of Poland in the Middle Ages, the latter built in the interwar period. Amongst the most recognisable landmarks of the region are the historic city centre of Gda\u0144sk filled with Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque masterpieces, the Museum of the National Anthem in B\u0119domin, located at the birthplace of J\u00f3zef Wybicki, poet and politician, author of the national anthem of Poland, the largest medieval churches of Poland (the St. Mary's Church in Gda\u0144sk and the Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption in Pelplin) and the Malbork Castle. The voivodeship also includes the narrow Hel Peninsula and the Polish half of the Vistula Spit. Other tourist destinations include Wejherowo, Sopot, Jurata, \u0141eba, W\u0142adys\u0142awowo, Puck, Krynica Morska, Ustka, Jastarnia, Ku\u017anica, Byt\u00f3w and many fishing ports, lighthouses, and boats.\nThe name Pomerania derives from the Slavic po more, meaning \"by the sea\" or \"on the sea\".", "Q64043": "Hermann Kant (June 14, 1926 \u2013 August 14, 2016) was a German writer noted for his writings during the time of East Germany. He won the Heinrich Mann Prize in 1967. He served the Stasi as an informer under the codename IM Martin.", "Q2740367": "Because Music is an independent record label with headquarters in Paris and London. Because Music SAS is the main label, with Because Music Ltd handling the British artist roster.Because Music was founded in 2005 by former president of Virgin Records France and EMI Continental Europe Emmanuel de Buretel, and has acts on its roster such as Mercury Music Prize nominated Metronomy and electronic duo Justice, along with actress and songwriter Charlotte Gainsbourg and husband-and-wife duo Amadou & Mariam.It holds an exclusive license for all artists on Ed Banger Records and Phantasy. Because Music is the distributor for select Atlantic Records subsidiaries like Big Beat and 300 Entertainment.\nIn 2017, Because acquired the catalogues of over 60 artists from Warner Music Group, including Mano Negra, The Beta Band, and most of London Records.In January 2018, Because signed a deal with Caroline Distribution (a Universal Music division) for distribution of Because's releases starting in 2019. Before, the distribution was held by Warner Music's Alternative Distribution Alliance and Vice Records.", "Q1531062": "Glenn Peter Gregory (born 16 May 1958) is an English singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist whose music career spans more than 40 years. He came to prominence in the early 1980s as co-founder and lead singer of the new wave and synthpop band Heaven 17, which released six singles that entered the Top 40 charts in the United Kingdom during the 1980s, and 1990s, including \"Temptation\", \"Come Live with Me\", \"Crushed by the Wheels of Industry\", \"Sunset Now\", \"This Is Mine\", and \"(We Don't Need This) Fascist Groove Thang\"", "Q129813": "Enduring Love is a 2004 British psychological thriller film directed by Roger Michell with screenwriter Joe Penhall, based on the novel of the same name by Ian McEwan. The story concerns two strangers who become dangerously close after witnessing a deadly accident. It stars Daniel Craig, Rhys Ifans and Samantha Morton with Bill Nighy, Susan Lynch and Corin Redgrave.", "Q2849000": "Andr\u00e9s Berm\u00fadez Viramontes (2 July 1950 \u2013 5 February 2009) was a Mexican agricultural businessman and politician from the National Action Party (formerly from the Party of the Democratic Revolution). From 2006 to 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Zacatecas.\n\n", "Q467747": "Takuboku Ishikawa (\u77f3\u5ddd \u5544\u6728, Ishikawa Takuboku, February 20, 1886 \u2013 April 13, 1912) was a Japanese poet. He died of tuberculosis. Well known as both a tanka and \"modern-style\" (\u65b0\u4f53\u8a69, shintaishi) or \"free-style\" (\u81ea\u7531\u8a69, jiy\u016bshi) poet, he began as a member of the My\u014dj\u014d group of naturalist poets but later joined the \"socialistic\" group of Japanese poets and renounced naturalism.", "Q1527600": "Michael Bickford is an American businessman. He is the founder of Round Hill Capital, a real estate investment firm.", "Q296283": "Mar\u00eda \u00c1frica Gracia Vidal (6 June 1912 \u2013 7 September 1951), known as The Queen of Technicolor, was a Dominican motion picture actress who gained fame and popularity in the 1940s as an exotic beauty starring in a series of filmed-in-Technicolor costume adventure films. Her screen image was that of a hot-blooded Latin seductress, dressed in fanciful costumes and sparkling jewels. She became so identified with these adventure epics that she became known as \"The Queen of Technicolor\". Over her career, Montez appeared in 26 films, 21 of which were made in North America and the last five were made in Europe.", "Q275118": "The 9th arrondissement of Paris (IXe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France.\nThe arrondissement, called Op\u00e9ra, is located on the right bank of the River Seine. It contains many places of cultural, historical, and architectural interest, including the Palais Garnier, home to the Paris Opera, Boulevard Haussmann, and its large department stores Galeries Lafayette and Printemps. The arrondissement has many theaters including Folies Berg\u00e8res, Th\u00e9atre Mogador and Th\u00e9atre de Paris. Along with the 2nd and 8th arrondissements, it hosts one of the business centers of Paris, located around the Op\u00e9ra.", "Q457684": "Sharon Shannon (born 8 June 1968) is an Irish musician, best known for her work with the button accordion and for her fiddle technique. She also plays the tin whistle and melodeon. Her self-titled debut album, in 1991, Sharon Shannon was the best-selling album of traditional Irish music ever released there.[1] Beginning with Irish folk music, her work demonstrates a wide-ranging number of musical influences. She won the lifetime achievement award at the 2009 Meteor Awards.", "Q1848896": "Southern Lord is an American heavy metal record label that was founded in 1998 by Greg Anderson. Initially, Southern Lord specialized in what could broadly be classified as experimental metal, particularly the slow-moving doom metal, stoner rock, and drone metal subgenres. Some of the more notable artists on the label include Baptists, Earth, Om, Goatsnake, Khanate, Obliterations, Pelican, Sleep, Boris and Sunn O))), among others. More recently, the label expanded its line-up to include artists from the black metal subgenre, including releases by Twilight, Wolves in the Throne Room, Xasthur, and Striborg. They have also released albums by hardcore punk and crust punk bands like Burning Love, Agrimonia, and Wolfbrigade.", "Q62432": "Karl August Georg Maximilian Graf von Platen-Hallerm\u00fcnde (24 October 1796 \u2013 5 December 1835) was a German poet and dramatist. In German he mostly is called Graf (Count) Platen.", "Q522569": "Ollie Imogene \"Jean\" Shepard (November 21, 1933 \u2013 September 25, 2016) was an American honky tonk singer-songwriter who pioneered for women in country music. Shepard released a total of 73 singles to the Hot Country Songs chart, one of which reached the No. 1 spot. She recorded a total of 24 studio albums between 1956\u201381, and became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in 1955.\nAfter Kitty Wells' 1952 breakthrough, Shepard quickly followed, and a national television gig and the Opry helped make her a star when few female country singers had enduring success. Her first hit, \"A Dear John Letter\", a 1953 duet with Ferlin Husky, was the first post-World War II record by a woman country artist to sell more than a million copies.", "Q108611": "Ernst Hofmann (1890\u20131945) was a German film actor.", "Q74244": "Christian Stock (28 August 1884, Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse \u2013 13 April 1967 in Seeheim-Jugenheim) was a German Social Democrat politician and the first Prime Minister\u2014Ministerpr\u00e4sident\u2014of the provisional state of Greater Hesse (later Hesse), which had been constituted in the aftermath of World War II. He was born in Darmstadt and died in Seeheim-Jugenheim.\nStock was over 82 at the time of his death, making him the oldest Minister-President that the Republic had had until then.", "Q329673": "Wilfrid de Fonvielle (1824\u20131914) was a French science writer and balloonist.\nHe published hundreds of articles for technical and scientific journals such as L'A\u00e9rophile, La Nature, la Revue Scientifique, La Science illustr\u00e9e, and L'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. He was editor of L'A\u00e9rophile.In 1858 he spent two days in a balloon, and in 1869 he traveled 90 km with Gaston Tissandier in 35 minutes. During the siege of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War, he escaped from the city in a balloon and went to London.\nHis brothers, Arthur (1830\u20131914) and Ulrich (1833\u20131911), were political journalists.", "Q170972": "The Socialist Party (French: Parti socialiste [pa\u0281ti s\u0254sjalist], PS) is a social-democratic political party in France and was, for decades, the largest party of the French centre-left. The PS used to be one of the two major political parties in the French Fifth Republic, along with the Republicans. The Socialist Party replaced the earlier French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1969, and is currently led by First Secretary Olivier Faure. The PS is a member of the Party of European Socialists (PES), the Socialist International (SI) and the Progressive Alliance.\nThe PS first won power in 1981, when its candidate Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand was elected President of France in the 1981 presidential election. Under Mitterrand, the party achieved a governing majority in the National Assembly from 1981 to 1986 and again from 1988 to 1993. PS leader Lionel Jospin lost his bid to succeed Mitterrand as president in the 1995 presidential election against Rally for the Republic leader Jacques Chirac, but became prime minister in a cohabitation government after the 1997 parliamentary elections, a position Jospin held until 2002, when he was again defeated in the presidential election.\nIn 2007, the party's candidate for the presidential election, S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne Royal, was defeated by conservative UMP candidate Nicolas Sarkozy. Then, the Socialist party won most of regional and local elections and it won control of the Senate in 2011 for the first time in more than fifty years. On 6 May 2012, Fran\u00e7ois Hollande, the First Secretary of the Socialist Party from 1997 to 2008, was elected President of France, and the next month, the party won the majority in the National Assembly.\nDuring his term, Hollande battled with high unemployment, poor opinion ratings and a splinter group of left-wing Socialist MPs known as \"frondeurs\". On 1 December 2016, Hollande declined to seek re-election and the PS subsequently organized a presidential primary. Left-wing Benoit Hamon was designated as the Socialist candidate after defeating former PM Manuel Valls. Facing the emergence of centrist Emmanuel Macron and leftist Jean-Luc M\u00e9lenchon, he failed to re-establish the PS leadership on the centre-left and finished 5th in the 2017 French presidential election, gathering only 6.36 percent of the votes. The party then lost the majority of its MPs in the 2017 legislative election, securing 26 seats and becoming the fourth-biggest group in the National Assembly.\nThe PS also formed several figures who acted at the international level: Jacques Delors, who was the eighth President of the European Commission from 1985 to 1994 and the first person to serve three terms in that office, was from the Socialist Party, as well as Dominique Strauss-Kahn, who was the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund from 2007 to 2011, and Pascal Lamy, who was Director-General of the World Trade Organization from 2005 to 2013.The party had 42,300 members in 2016, down from 60,000 in 2014 and 173,486 members in 2012.", "Q1211857": "Partners in Crime is a short story collection by British writer Agatha Christie, first published by Dodd, Mead and Company in the US in 1929 and in the UK by William Collins, Sons on 16 September of the same year. The US edition retailed at $2.00 and the UK edition at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6). All of the stories in the collection had previously been published in magazines (see First publication of stories below) and feature her detectives Tommy and Tuppence Beresford, first introduced in The Secret Adversary (1922).\nThis collection of detective short stories has a theme connecting the stories, as well, \"a group of short detective stories within a detective novel.\"The collection was well received on publication, with the \"merriest collection\", with amiable parodies, to one reviewer who was less impressed, saying the stories were \"entertaining enough\". One noted that \"By having two detectives who are usually alternately successful she [Christie] has always a foil, less obtuse than 'my dear Watson'. \"Her literary skill is equal to the task\" of parodies of the style of well-known detective writers. Some of the authors parodied in the 1920s are long-forgotten, yet a review in 1990 commented that \"the parodies are not sharp enough for this to matter very much\" to prevent enjoyment of the stories. It also noted that the plot of one story, \"The House of Lurking Death\", \"anticipates\" a detective novel published in 1930 by Dorothy Sayers.", "Q107522": "Richard Oehler (German: [\u02c8\u00f8\u02d0l\u0250]; 27 February 1878, Heckholzhausen, Hesse-Nassau \u2013 13 November 1948, Wiesbaden) was a German Nietzsche scholar \u2013 an early editor of the philosopher's works, and author of Friedrich Nietzsche und die deutsche Zukunft (Leipzig: Armanen-Verlag, 1935), which has been characterized by Walter Kaufmann as \"one of the first Nazi books on Nietzsche\" (Basic Writings of Nietzsche, New York: The Modern Library, 2000, p. 387, n. 27). His brother was Max Oehler, who directed the Nietzsche Archive in Weimar, Germany. The Oehlers were family relations of the Nietzsches.", "Q1819373": "Leonid Borisovich Rozhetskin (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u043d, born August 4, 1966; disappeared March 16, 2008) was a financier and lawyer who went missing under suspicious circumstances after disappearing from his village in J\u016brmala, Latvia. In 2013, remains found nearby the year before were confirmed to be Rozhetskin's.", "Q6939": "The 21st (twenty-first) century is the current century of the Anno Domini era or Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It began on January 1, 2001, and will end on December 31, 2100. It is the first century of the 3rd millennium.\nThe first years of the 21st century were marked by the rise of a global economy and Third World consumerism, mistrust in government, deepening global concern over terrorism and an increase in private enterprise. Effects of global warming and rising sea levels continued, with eight islands disappearing between 2007 and 2014. The Arab Spring of the early 2010s led to mixed outcomes in the Arab world, resulting in several civil wars and governments overthrown. \nThe United States of America remains the only global superpower.\nWhile most member states of the European Union introduced a common currency, the Euro, the United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union. The 2019\u201320 coronavirus pandemic spread around the world, \nleading to socioeconomic disruption.\nThe Third Industrial Revolution which began around the 1950s continued into the late 20th century, and started to transition into Industry 4.0 and the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the beginning of the 21st century.Due to the proliferation of mobile devices, more than half of the world's population have access to the internet (2018 estimate), allowing humans to be more interconnected than ever before. DNA sequencing costs continued to fall: the first human genome cost three billion dollars; in 2018, sequencing one human genome cost about $1000.", "Q81965": "General Motors Company, commonly referred to as General Motors (GM), is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services, with global headquarters in Detroit's Renaissance Center. It was originally founded by William C. Durant on September 16, 1908 as a holding company. The company is the largest American automobile manufacturer, and one of the world's largest. As of 2019, General Motors is ranked #13 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.General Motors manufactures vehicles in 15 countries; its core automobile brands include Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, and Cadillac. It also either owns or holds a significant stake in foreign brands such as Holden, Wuling, Baojun, and Jiefang. Annual worldwide sales volume reached a milestone of 10 million vehicles in 2016.", "Q327886": "Douglas Wayne Sahm (November 6, 1941 \u2013 November 18, 1999) was an American musician and singer-songwriter from Texas. Born in San Antonio, Texas, he was a child prodigy in country music but became a significant figure in roots rock and other genres. Sahm is considered one of the most important figures in what is identified as Tex-Mex music. Proficient on multiple instruments, he was the founder and leader of the 1960s rock and roll band, the Sir Douglas Quintet. He would later co-found the Texas Tornados with Augie Meyers, Freddy Fender, and Flaco Jim\u00e9nez as well as Los Super Seven.", "Q193431": "The Parc des Princes (French pronunciation: \u200b[pa\u0281k de p\u0281\u025b\u0303s], literally \"Princes\u2019 Park\" in English) is an all-seater football stadium in Paris, France. The venue is located in the south-west of the French capital, inside the 16th arrondissement of Paris, in the immediate vicinity of the Stade Jean-Bouin (rugby venue) and within walking distance from the Stade Roland Garros (tennis venue).The stadium, with a seating capacity of 47,929 spectators, has been the home of Paris Saint-Germain since 1974. Before the opening of the Stade de France in 1998, it was also the home arena of the French national football and rugby union teams. The Parc des Princes pitch is surrounded by four covered all-seater stands, officially known as Tribune Borelli, Tribune Auteuil, Tribune Paris and Tribune Boulogne.Conceived by architect Roger Taillibert & Siavash Teimouri, the current version of the Parc des Princes officially opened on 4 June 1972, at a cost of 80\u2013150 million francs. The stadium is the third to have been built on the site, the first opening its doors in 1897 and the second following in 1932.PSG registered its record home attendance in 1983, when 49,575 spectators witnessed the club's 2\u20130 win over Waterschei in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup quarter-finals. However, the French national rugby team holds the stadium's absolute attendance record. They defeated Wales 31\u201312 in the 1989 Five Nations Championship in front of 50,370 spectators.", "Q215820": "Anna Judith Gertrud Helene Kerr (surname pronounced KAR German pronunciation: [k\u025b\u0281]; 14 June 1923 \u2013 22 May 2019) was a German-born British writer and illustrator whose books sold more than 10 million copies around the world. She created both enduring picture books such as the Mog series and The Tiger Who Came to Tea and acclaimed novels for older children such as the semi-autobiographical When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit, which gave a child's-eye view of the Second World War. Born in the Weimar Republic, of Jewish background, she came to Britain with her family in 1933 during the rise of the Nazis.", "Q34660": "Joanne Rowling ( ROH-ling; born 31 July 1965), better known by her pen name J. K. Rowling, is a British author, film producer, television producer, screenwriter, and philanthropist. She is best known for writing the Harry Potter fantasy series, which has won multiple awards and sold more than 500 million copies, becoming the best-selling book series in history. The books are the basis of a popular film series, over which Rowling had overall approval on the scripts and was a producer on the final films. She also writes crime fiction under the name Robert Galbraith.\nBorn in Yate, Gloucestershire, Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International when she conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series while on a delayed train from Manchester to London in 1990. The seven-year period that followed saw the death of her mother, birth of her first child, divorce from her first husband, and relative poverty until the first novel in the series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, was published in 1997. There were six sequels, of which the last, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, was released in 2007. Since then, Rowling has written five books for adult readers: The Casual Vacancy (2012) and\u2014under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith\u2014the crime fiction Cormoran Strike series, which consists of The Cuckoo's Calling (2013), The Silkworm (2014), Career of Evil (2015), and Lethal White (2018).Rowling has lived a \"rags to riches\" life in which she progressed from living on benefits to being the world's first billionaire author. She lost her billionaire status after giving away much of her earnings to charity but remains one of the wealthiest people in the world. She is the UK's best-selling living author, with sales in excess of \u00a3238 million. The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling's fortune at \u00a3600 million, ranking her as the joint 197th richest person in the UK. Time named her a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the Year, noting the social, moral, and political inspiration she has given her fans. In October 2010, Rowling was named the \"Most Influential Woman in Britain\" by leading magazine editors. She has supported multiple charities, including Comic Relief, One Parent Families, and Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain, as well as launching her own charity, Lumos.", "Q234636": "Heidi Blair Pratt (n\u00e9e Montag; September 15, 1986) is an American reality television personality, singer and actress. Born and raised in Crested Butte, Colorado, she befriended Lauren Conrad in 2005. In 2006, Montag came to prominence after being cast in the MTV reality television series The Hills, which chronicled the personal and professional lives of Conrad, Montag, and friends Audrina Patridge and Whitney Port. During its production, she briefly attended the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising and was employed by event planning company Bolthouse Productions. As the series progressed, Montag began dating fellow cast member Spencer Pratt, which ultimately ended her friendship with Conrad. Their ensuing feud became the central focus of the series, and was carried through each subsequent season.\nThe couple, jointly nicknamed \"Speidi\", married in April 2009. Later that year, they made controversial appearances on the second season of the American version of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. In January 2010, Montag released her debut studio album Superficial; it was critically panned and commercially unsuccessful, failing to earn back the money she spent making it. She also received widespread criticism after undergoing ten cosmetic surgery procedures in one day. In 2011, Montag was featured on the television series Famous Food, where she and several celebrities competed for a restaurant partnership. Two years later, she and Pratt competed as a single entity on the eleventh series of the British version of Celebrity Big Brother, and returned to the series with Pratt as an All-Star for Celebrity Big Brother 19.", "Q25573423": "Malayala Swamy (1885\u20131962) was a Hindu religious leader, and a social reformer. He dismissed the myth that Vedas and other scriptures are only for a particular section of the society and encouraged common man to gain spiritual knowledge. He also encouraged women education. He was the founder of Sri Vyasashrama in Yerpedu, Andhra Pradesh. He influenced Vidya Prakasananda Swamy, his famous disciple who established Sri Sukabrahmashrama at Srikalahasti.Malayala Swamy extensively traveled in and out of Andhra Pradesh, where there is a Telugu speaking crowd to propagate the ancient Hindu wisdom by conducting Sanatana Vedanta Jnana Sabhas, Omkara Satra Yagas lasting for a week, Chaturmasya Vrathas lasting for four months, installed idols in various temples, inaugurated ashrams, laid foundations to several constructions, opened monasteries, etc in the service of god.", "Q608338": "The University of Bucharest (Romanian: Universitatea din Bucure\u0219ti), commonly known after its abbreviation UB in Romania, is a public university founded in 1864 by decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Princely Academy into the current University of Bucharest, making it the second oldest modern university in Romania. It is one of the five members of the Universitaria Consortium (the group of elite Romanian universities).The University of Bucharest offers study programmes in Romanian and English and is classified as an advanced research and education university by the Ministry of Education. In the 2012 QS World University Rankings, it was included in the top 700 universities of the world, together with three other Romanian universities.", "Q1133496": "Cornelis Benjamin Biezeno (March 2, 1888 in Delft \u2013 September 5, 1975 in Wageningen) was a Dutch applied mathematician and scientist in engineering mechanics. He was a professor at TU Delft.", "Q90868": "Haluk Piyes (born March 30, 1975) is a Turkish-German actor.", "Q105335": "Joachim, Count of Sch\u00f6nburg-Glauchau (German: Joachim Heinrich Maria Carl Rudolf Franz Xaver Joseph Antonius Christophorus Hubertus Alfons Graf von Sch\u00f6nburg-Glauchau; 4 February 1929 in Glauchau, Saxony \u2013 29 September 1998 in Passau, Bavaria) was the nominal successor head of the former mediatised German Counts of Sch\u00f6nburg-Glauchau until 1945. Dispossessed and expelled from his homeland in 1945, he and his family migrated to the Rhineland, where he was an author and journalist. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, he returned to his homeland, represented the district in the Bundestag, and served in local government.\n\n", "Q28249": "Concord () is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Hampshire and the county seat of Merrimack County. As of the 2010 census, its population was 42,695, and in 2018 the population was an estimated 43,412.The village of Penacook, where Concord was initially settled, lies at the northern boundary of the city limits. The city is home to the University of New Hampshire School of Law, New Hampshire's only law school; St. Paul's School, a private preparatory school; NHTI, a two-year community college; the New Hampshire Police Academy; and the New Hampshire Fire Academy. It is the resting place of Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States.", "Q643891": "The Invalids' Cemetery (German: Invalidenfriedhof) is one of the oldest cemeteries in Berlin. It was the traditional resting place of the Prussian Army, and is regarded as particularly important as a memorial to the German Wars of Liberation of 1813\u201315.", "Q435773": "Terry Markwell, born Teresa Markwell, is an American-born actress, born in Phoenix, Arizona. Markwell got her first taste of acting while modeling for Plaza Three, a premiere talent agency in Phoenix during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Markwell is probably best recognized for having appeared as IMF agent Casey Randall in the 1988\u20131989 season of Mission: Impossible, playing the only IMF agent in a Mission: Impossible TV series and its revival ever caught, killed, and disavowed.\nSince Mission: Impossible, Markwell has only appeared sporadically on the film and television screen and she now primarily runs her own interior design company under the name of \"Markwell Design Group\".", "Q1679908": "James Adolph Westphal (June 13, 1930 \u2013 September 8, 2004) was an American academic, scientist, engineer, inventor and astronomer and Director of Caltech's Palomar Observatory from 1994 through 1997.His participation played an important role in designing the main camera for the Hubble Space Telescope.", "Q1677925": "Ridgewood is a village in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the village population was 24,958, reflecting an increase of 22 (+0.1%) from the 24,936 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 784 (+3.2%) from the 24,152 counted in the 1990 Census. Ridgewood is a suburban bedroom community of New York City, located approximately 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Midtown Manhattan.\nRidgewood was ranked 26th in Money magazine's \"Best Places to Live\" in 2011.The borough has been one of the state's highest-income communities. Based on data from the American Community Survey for 2013\u20132017, Ridgewood residents had a median household income of $162,011, ranked 7th in the state among municipalities with more than 10,000 residents, more than double the statewide median of $76,475.", "Q123494": "Kurt Marti (31 January 1921 \u2013 Bern, 11 February 2017) was a Swiss theologian and poet. His poetry often has theological and religious aspects to it. He is also known for dialect literature said to have intellectual quality.", "Q858880": "Cascada (; Spanish for Waterfall) is a German dance music act founded in 2004 by singer Natalie Horler and DJs DJ Manian and DJ Yanou. They are best known for their hit singles \"Everytime We Touch\", \"What Hurts the Most\", \"Evacuate the Dancefloor\" and \"Miracle\". Cascada have sold over 30 million albums worldwide in addition to an estimated 15 million digital downloads. Cascada represented Germany at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malm\u00f6, Sweden.\nWhile being one of the most successful acts of the dance music genre itself, Cascada was named the 3rd most successful German act of the 21st century.In 2010, Cascada's music was the most downloaded of all time in the dance category after David Guetta.In 2018, Cascada had more than a billion views on YouTube including over 100 million views for their hit \"Everytime We Touch\".", "Q103744": "Gaspare \"Kaspar\" Capparoni (born 1 August 1964) is an Italian actor.", "Q509920": "Transaero (Russian: \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e), officially OJSC Transaero Airlines (Russian: \u041e\u0410\u041e \u00ab\u0410\u041a \u201e\u0422\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0421\u0410\u042d\u0420\u041e\u201c\u00bb, \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u00ab\u0410\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u201e\u0422\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0421\u0410\u042d\u0420\u041e\u201c\u00bb) was a Russian airline. It operated scheduled and charter flights to over 150 domestic and international destinations. Its main hubs were Moscow-Vnukovo Airport and Saint Petersburg Airport with further bases throughout Russia. For much of its history the head office was at Domodedovo International Airport, and towards the end its head office was in Saint Petersburg.\nTransaero filed for bankruptcy on 1 October 2015, and announced that it would cease all operations by 15 December 2015. However, Russian authorities revoked its operating license on 25 October 2015.", "Q270074": "Cerina Vincent (born February 7, 1979) is an American actress and writer best known for playing Maya the Yellow Galaxy Ranger in the television series Power Rangers Lost Galaxy and Suzy Diaz in Stuck in the Middle, as well as her film appearances in Not Another Teen Movie, Cabin Fever, It Waits, and Everybody Wants to Be Italian. She has written three books with Jodi Lipper, and writes a regular column for The Huffington Post.", "Q66898": "Zumikon is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. It is located in the Pfannenstiel region.", "Q925857": "Peter Hill Beard (January 22, 1938 \u2013 c. March/April 2020) was an American artist, photographer, diarist, and writer who lived and worked in New York City, Montauk, and Kenya. His photographs of Africa, African animals and the journals that often integrated his photographs were widely shown and published since the 1960s.", "Q78318": "Hajo Meyer (born Hans Joachim Gustav Meyer; 12 August 1924 \u2013 23 August 2014) was a German-born Dutch physicist, Holocaust survivor and anti-Zionist political activist.", "Q1327329": "A multi-instrumentalist is a musician who plays two or more musical instruments at a professional level of proficiency. \nAlso known as doubling, the practice allows greater ensemble flexibility and more efficient employment of musicians, where a particular instrument may be employed only briefly or sporadically during a performance. Doubling is not uncommon in orchestra (e.g., flutists who double on piccolo) and jazz (saxophone/flute players); double bass players might also perform on electric bass. In music theatre, a pit orchestra's reed players might be required to perform on multiple instruments. Church piano players are often expected to play the church's pipe organ or Hammond organ as well. \nIn popular music it is more common than in classical or jazz for performers to be proficient on instruments not from the same family, for instance to play both guitar and keyboards. Many bluegrass musicians are multi-instrumentalists. Some musicians' unions or associations specify a higher rate of pay for musicians who double on two or more instruments for a performance or recording.", "Q92919": "Hans-Peter Kriegel (1 October 1948, Germany) is a German computer scientist and professor at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and leading the Database Systems Group in the Department of Computer Science.\nHis most important contributions are the database index structures R*-tree, X-tree and IQ-Tree, the cluster analysis algorithms DBSCAN, OPTICS and SUBCLU and the anomaly detection method Local Outlier Factor (LOF).\nIn 2009 the Association for Computing Machinery appointed Hans-Peter Kriegel a \"fellow\", one of its highest honors. He has been honored in particular for his contributions to \"knowledge discovery and data mining, similarity search, spatial data management, and access methods for high-dimensional data\".\nHe received the 2013 IEEE ICDM Research Contributions Award for his research on data mining algorithm such as DBSCAN, OPTICS, Local Outlier Factor and his work on mining high-dimensional data.He was also awarded the 2015 ACM SIGKDD Innovation Award for his contributions to data mining in clustering, outlier detection and high-dimensional data analysis, in particular for density-based approaches.\nDBSCAN also received the 2014 ACM SIGKDD test of time award.He is the most cited German researcher in databases and data mining.His current research is focused around correlation clustering, high-dimensional data indexing and analysis, spatial data mining and spatial data management as well as multimedia databases.\nHis research group publishes a Java software framework titled Environment for DeveLoping KDD-Applications Supported by Index-Structures (ELKI) that is designed for the parallel research of index structures, data mining algorithms and their interaction, such as optimized data mining algorithms based on databases indexes.", "Q208871": "Izear Luster \"Ike\" Turner Jr. (November 5, 1931 \u2013 December 12, 2007) was an American musician, bandleader, songwriter, arranger, talent scout, and record producer. An early pioneer of fifties rock and roll, he is best known for his work in the 1960s and 1970s with his then-wife Tina Turner in the Ike & Tina Turner Revue.\nTurner began playing piano and guitar as a child, then formed a group, the Kings of Rhythm, as a teenager. He employed the group as his backing band for the rest of his life. His first recording, \"Rocket 88\" (1951) (credited to \"Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats\"), is considered a contender for the distinction of \"first rock and roll song\". During the 1950s, Turner also worked as a talent scout and producer for Sun Records and Modern Records. He was instrumental in the early careers of various blues musicians, such as B.B. King, Howlin' Wolf, and Bobby \"Blue\" Bland. When Turner relocated to East St. Louis in 1954, his Kings of Rhythm became one of the most renowned acts on the local club circuit. There, he met Ann Bullock who he renamed Tina Turner. He then formed the Ike & Tina Turner Revue, which over the course of the 1960s became a soul/rock crossover success. Turner recorded for many of the key R&B record labels of the 1950s and 1960s, including Chess, Modern, Trumpet, Flair, and Sue. He progressed to larger labels such as Blue Thumb, Liberty, and United Artists with the Ike & Tina Turner Revue.\nTurner's cocaine addiction and legal troubles, together with accounts by Tina Turner of domestic violence (published in her autobiography I, Tina and the portrayal of him in its film adaptation What's Love Got to Do with It), impacted his career in the 1980s and 1990s. Addicted to cocaine for at least 15 years, Turner was convicted of drug offenses and served 18 months in prison (Feb. 1990 \u2013 Sept. 1991). He spent the rest of the 1990s drug-free, but relapsed in 2004. Near the end of his life, Turner revived his career with live performances as a front man and returned to his blues roots. He produced two albums that were critically well-received and award-winning.\nHailed as a \"great innovator\" of rock and roll by contemporaries such as Little Richard and Johnny Otis, Turner received critical acclaim as well. Rolling Stone magazine editor David Fricke ranked Turner No. 61 on his list of 100 Greatest Guitarists and noted, \"Turner was one of the first guitarists to successfully transplant the intensity of the blues into more-commercial music.\" Turner won five Grammy Awards, including two competitive awards and three Grammy Hall of Fame Awards. Turner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Tina Turner in 1991. He is also inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame, the Clarksdale Walk of Fame, the Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame, the Blues Hall of Fame, and the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame.", "Q518193": "Andr\u00e9 Damseaux (5 March 1937 \u2013 29 March 2007) was a Belgian politician, Minister-President of the Walloon Region and Member of the European Parliament.\n\n", "Q3159036": "Jacques Grenier (20 January 1823 \u2013 5 March 1909) was a Canadian businessman and politician. He was mayor of Montreal.", "Q381927": "Joseph, Baron Van Damme (born 25 August 1940 in Brussels), known as Jos\u00e9 van Dam, is a Belgian bass-baritone.\nAt the age of 17, he entered the Brussels Royal Conservatory and studied with Frederic Anspach. A year later, he graduated with diplomas and first prizes in voice and opera performance. He made his opera d\u00e9but as the music teacher Don Basilio in Gioacchino Rossini\u2019s Il Barbiere di Siviglia at the Paris Opera in 1961, and remained in the company until 1965, when he sang his first major role, Escamillo from Bizet's Carmen. He then sang for two seasons at Geneva, La Scala, Covent Garden, and in Paris. At Geneva, Van Dam sang in the premi\u00e8re of Milhaud's La m\u00e8re coupable in 1966. Lorin Maazel heard van Dam and invited him to record Ravel\u2019s L\u2019heure espagnole with him for Deutsche Grammophon. In 1967, Maazel asked him to join the Deutsche Oper in Berlin.\nVan Dam has performed at L\u2019Op\u00e9ra de Paris, Covent Garden, the Metropolitan Opera, Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Vienna State Opera, Deutsche Oper Berlin, the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Royal de la Monnaie in Brussels, Teatro Col\u00f3n in Buenos Aires, the Salzburg Festival, and festivals in Aix-en-Provence and Orange, France.", "Q39422": "My Forbidden Past is a 1951 film directed by Robert Stevenson. It stars Robert Mitchum and Ava Gardner. Adapted from Polan Banks novel Carriage Entrance by Leopold Atlas.\n\n", "Q67238": "Lauperswil is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q104995": "Christine Teusch (11 October 1888, Cologne, Rhine Province \u2013 24 October 1968) was a German politician of the Zentrumspartei (\"Centre Party\") and the Christian Democratic Union, and Minister of Culture in Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia).", "Q912023": "Richard Hildreth (June 28, 1807 \u2013 July 11, 1865), was an American journalist, author and historian. He is best known for writing his six-volume History of the United States of America covering 1497\u20131821 and published 1840-1853. Historians consider it a highly accurate political history of the early Republic, but with a strong bias in favor of the Federalist Party and the abolition of slavery.", "Q455939": "Patricia Lee Ramey (born January 4, 1957), known professionally as Patty Loveless, is an American country music singer. Since her emergence on the country music scene in late 1986 with her first (self-titled) album, Loveless has been one of the most popular female singers of neotraditional country. She has also recorded albums in the country pop and bluegrass genres. Loveless was born in Pikeville, Kentucky, and raised in Elkhorn City, Kentucky, and Louisville, Kentucky. She rose to stardom thanks to her blend of honky tonk and country-rock and a plaintive, emotional ballad style. Throughout her career, Loveless has sold 15 million albums worldwide.\nLoveless has charted more than 40 cuts on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including five in the No. 1 position: \"Timber, I'm Falling in Love\", \"Chains\", \"Blame It on Your Heart\", \"You Can Feel Bad\", and \"Lonely Too Long\". She has recorded 14 studio albums (not counting compilations); in the United States, four of these albums have been certified platinum, and two have been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). She has been a member of the Grand Ole Opry since 1988.\nLoveless was married to Terry Lovelace, from whom she derived her professional name, from 1976 to 1986. She has been married to record producer Emory Gordy Jr. since 1989.", "Q453390": "Cynthia Yih Shih (born October 3, 1978, Saratoga, California), better known by her stage name Vienna Teng, is an American pianist and singer-songwriter based in Detroit, Michigan. Teng has released five studio albums: Waking Hour (2002), Warm Strangers (2004), Dreaming Through the Noise (2006), Inland Territory (2009) and Aims (2013). She has also released one live album, The Moment Always Vanishing (2009), on which she is double-billed with her percussionist, Alex Wong.\nTeng's musical style incorporates folk, pop, classical piano, and a cappella.", "Q66126": "Vadim Glowna (26 September 1941 \u2013 24 January 2012) was a German actor and film director. Since 1964 he appeared in more than 150 films and television shows.He directed the 1983 film Dies rigorose Leben, which won an Honourable Mention at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival. In 1989, he was a member of the jury at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival. Three years later, his film Rising to the Bait was entered into the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q61649": "Maria Antonia, Princess of Bavaria, Electress of Saxony (18 July 1724 \u2013 23 April 1780) was a German princess, composer, singer, harpsichordist and patron, known particularly for her operas Il trionfo della fedelt\u00e0 (Dresden, summer 1754) and Talestri, regina delle amazoni (Nymphenburg Palace, February 6, 1760). She was also the Regent of Saxony in 1763-1768. Baptised Maria Antonia Walpurgis Symphorosa, she was known as Maria Antonia.", "Q105453": "Julius Lippmann (22 July 1864 \u2013 13 November 1934) was a German liberal politician, a member of the Prussian Parliament and the Weimar National Assembly. He served as governor of the Province of Pomerania from 1919 to 1930.\nLippmann was born in Danzig, West Prussia, German Empire (Gda\u0144sk, Poland), his father was a Jewish cantor in the Jewish Community of Danzig. Lippmann attended the Academic Gymnasium Danzig and started to study classical philology at the University of Berlin, but soon switched to law.Lippmann started to practise as a lawyer in Stettin (Szczecin) in 1892, as a member of the Free-minded Union he was elected to the town council of Stettin in 1900. He became a member of the Prussian House of Representatives in 1908 and joined the Progressive People's Party (DDP) in 1910. He was the deputy chairman of the DDP fraction in the Prussian Parliament. Lippmann was elected a member of the Weimar National Assembly on 19 January 1919. On 1 April 1919 he followed Georg Michaelis as \"Oberpr\u00e4sident\" (governor) of the Province of Pomerania, the only liberal politician to hold this position.In 1927 Lippmann became honorary senator of the University of Greifswald, he retired on 31 March 1930 as Oberpr\u00e4sident and started to lecture on administrative sciences in Greifswald later that year. Though Lippmann had converted to Lutheranism, he was attacked by Nazi students for his Jewish descent. In April 1933 Lippmann ceased his lectures and was formally dismissed on 25 July 1933 on his own demand after he had received a Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service questionnaire.Facing further anti-semitic persecution Lippmann moved to Berlin, where he died in 1934.", "Q76335": "Gudrun Pausewang (3 March 1928 \u2013 23 January 2020), less commonly known by her married name, Gudrun Wilcke, was a German author of children's and young adult literature. She was known for books such as The Last Children of Schewenborn and Die Wolke (translated as Fall-Out) which were made part of German school canons. Among her primary topics were work for peace and protection of the environment, namely warning of the dangers of nuclear energy. Her books have been translated into English and received international recognition and awards.", "Q3090544": "Solomon Hersh Frees (June 22, 1920 \u2013 November 2, 1986), better known as Paul Frees, was an American actor, voice actor, comedian, impressionist and screenwriter known for his work on MGM, Walter Lantz, and Walt Disney theatrical cartoons during the Golden Age of Animation and for providing the voice of Boris Badenov in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. A contemporary of voice actor Mel Blanc, Frees was known as \"The Man of a Thousand Voices.\"", "Q109269": "Hanns Maa\u00dfen (born 26 December 1908 as Otto Johannes Maa\u00dfen in L\u00fcbeck, died 23 June 1983 in Mahlow) was a German journalist and writer.", "Q166876": "Isidore of Seville (; Latin: Isidorus Hispalensis; Cartagena, c. 560 \u2013 Seville, 4 April 636), was a scholar and, for over three decades, Archbishop of Seville. He is widely regarded, in the oft-quoted words of the 19th-century historian Montalembert, as \"the last scholar of the ancient world.\"At a time of disintegration of classical culture, and aristocratic violence and illiteracy, he was involved in the conversion of the Arian Visigothic kings to Catholicism, both assisting his brother Leander of Seville, and continuing after his brother's death. He was influential in the inner circle of Sisebut, Visigothic king of Hispania. Like Leander, he played a prominent role in the Councils of Toledo and Seville. The Visigothic legislation that resulted from these councils influenced the beginnings of representative government.His fame after his death was based on his Etymologiae, an etymological encyclopedia which assembled extracts of many books from classical antiquity that would have otherwise been lost.", "Q2633389": "Gregory Nicotero (born March 15, 1963) is an American special make-up effects creator, television producer, and director. His first major job in special effects makeup was on the George A. Romero film Day of the Dead (1985), under the tutelage of Romero and make-up effects veteran Tom Savini.\nIn 1988, along with Robert Kurtzman and Howard Berger, he formed KNB EFX Group, a special make-up effects studio which has gone on to work on over 400 film and television projects. KNB has won numerous awards, including an Emmy Award in 2001 for their work on the 2000 Sci Fi Channel miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune and an Academy Award in 2006 for achievement in makeup for The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.He is currently working as an executive producer, special make-up effects supervisor, and primary director on the AMC TV series The Walking Dead and Fear the Walking Dead. Nicotero has directed 31 episodes of The Walking Dead and is the creator of the webseries The Walking Dead: Webisodes.", "Q704516": "Tadeusz Konwicki (22 June 1926 \u2013 7 January 2015) was a Polish writer and film director, as well as a member of the Polish Language Council.", "Q193357": "Dame Daphne du Maurier, Lady Browning, (; 13 May 1907 \u2013 19 April 1989) was an English author and playwright.\nAlthough she is classed as a romantic novelist, her stories have been described as \"moody and resonant\" with overtones of the paranormal. Her bestselling works were not at first taken seriously by critics, but have since earned an enduring reputation for narrative craft. Many have been successfully adapted into films, including the novels Rebecca, My Cousin Rachel, and Jamaica Inn, and the short stories The Birds and Don't Look Now/Not After Midnight.\nDu Maurier spent much of her life in Cornwall, where most of her works are set. As her fame increased, she became more reclusive.\nHer parents were the actor/manager Sir Gerald du Maurier and stage actress Muriel Beaumont. Her grandfather was the cartoonist and writer George du Maurier.", "Q34106": "Sarnia is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada, and had a 2016 population of 71,594. It is the largest city on Lake Huron and in Lambton County. Sarnia is located on the eastern bank of the junction between the Upper and Lower Great Lakes where Lake Huron flows into the St. Clair River, which forms the Canada\u2013United States border, directly across from Port Huron, Michigan. The site's natural harbour first attracted the French explorer La Salle. He named the site \"The Rapids\" on 23 August 1679, when he had horses and men pull his 45-ton barque Le Griffon north against the nearly four-knot current of the St. Clair River.This was the first time that a vessel other than a canoe or other oar-powered vessel had sailed into Lake Huron, and La Salle's voyage was germinal in the development of commercial shipping on the Great Lakes. Located in the natural harbour, the Sarnia port remains an important centre for lake freighters and oceangoing ships carrying cargoes of grain and petroleum products. The natural port and the salt caverns that exist in the surrounding areas, together with the oil discovered in nearby Oil Springs in 1858, led to the dramatic growth of the petroleum industry in this area. Because Oil Springs was the first place in Canada and North America to drill commercially for oil, the knowledge that was acquired there resulted in oil drillers from Sarnia travelling the world teaching other enterprises and nations how to drill for oil.The complex of refining and chemical companies is called Chemical Valley and located south of downtown Sarnia. In 2011 the city had the highest level of particulates air pollution of any Canadian city, but it has since dropped to rank 30th in this hazard. About 60 percent of the particulate matter comes from industries and polluters in the neighbouring United States.Lake Huron is cooler than the air in summer and warmer than the air in winter; therefore, it moderates Sarnia's humid continental climate, making temperature extremes of hot and cold less evident. In the winter, Sarnia occasionally experiences lake-effect snow from Arctic air blowing across the warmer waters of Lake Huron and condensing to form snow squalls over land.", "Q116349": "No More Ladies is a 1935 American romantic comedy film directed by Edward H. Griffith. The film stars Joan Crawford and Robert Montgomery, and co-stars Charlie Ruggles, Franchot Tone, and Edna May Oliver. The screenplay credited to Donald Ogden Stewart and Horace Jackson is based on a stage comedy of the same name by A.E. Thomas.", "Q1557495": "Guy Grosso (1933\u20132001) was a French actor and humorist. Guy Grosso was the pseudonym of Guy Marcel Sarrazin. He was probably best known as half of Grosso and Modo (together with Michel Modo).", "Q192049": "Yun Posun (Korean: \uc724\ubcf4\uc120; Hanja: \u5c39\u6f7d\u5584; Korean pronunciation: [jun.bo.s\u028cn] or [jun] [po.s\u028cn]; August 26, 1897 \u2013 July 18, 1990) was a South Korean politician and Korean independence activist, who served as President of South Korea from 1960 to 1962 before being replaced by the long-serving Park Chung-hee as a result of the May 16 coup in 1961.\nHaving entered politics after World War II, Yun served as Secretary to Korea's Chief of Staff in 1947; and was Mayor of Seoul in 1948. He served as Commerce Minister for the newly liberated Korea from 1949 to 1950. In 1955 Yun helped establish the South Korean Democratic Party.", "Q185535": "Jellyfish (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d3\u05d5\u05d6\u05d5\u05ea\u200e; Meduzot) is a 2007 Israeli film based on a story by Shira Geffen and directed by her husband, Etgar Keret. The film tells the story of three women in Tel Aviv whose intersecting lives paint a pessimistic portrait of Israeli secular life. Batya, a waitress at weddings, comes across a mute child who seemingly emerges from the sea. Keren, a bride whose wedding Batya worked at, breaks her leg climbing out of bathroom stall and ruins her dream honeymoon in the process. And Joy, a Filipina domestic, attends to her employer with whom she struggles to communicate. Poetic imagery draws connections between the lives of these women, all of whom find solace in the sea.\nJellyfish was the winner of the 2007 Camera d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, the Official Selection at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival, and the Official Selection at the 2008 Telluride Film Festival. The film stars Sarah Adler and Gera Sandler. The DVD release date was September 30, 2008.\n\n", "Q450841": "Laodice (Greek: \u039b\u03b1\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b7; flourished 3rd century BC) was a Greek Princess of the Seleucid Empire. She was one of the daughters and youngest child born to the Seleucid Monarchs Antiochus II Theos and Laodice I. Among her siblings were her brothers Seleucus II Callinicus and Antiochus Hierax. Laodice was born and raised in the Seleucid Empire.\nAnywhere from 245 BC to 239 BC, her mother and Seleucus II arranged for her to marry King Mithridates II of Pontus. Laodice married Mithridates II, as a part of a political alliance between the Seleucid Empire and the Kingdom of Pontus. In 245 BC, her mother and Seleucus II were in the Third Syrian War Third Syrian War. To gain support from the Kingdom of Pontus, Laodice was given to Mithridates II in marriage and as a marriage gift, Phrygia was transferred as well.Through her marriage Laodice became Queen of Pontus. Mithridates\u2019 marriage to Laodice was one of the most important features in his reign and was an ambitious marriage policy he initiated. Through his political alliance and marriage to Laodice, Mithridates II allied himself to the most important royal house in Asia and gaining impressive recognition for Pontus as a political power in the Hellenistic world. This marriage also strengthened the pro-Seleucid orientation in foreign policy of Pontus.The marriage occurred early in the reign of Seleucus II Callinicus, so he could secure Anatolia behind him, so that Seleucus II could turn his attention to war with the Egyptian Greek Pharaoh Ptolemy III Euergetes. At some point, Laodice may have influenced Mithridates II by her desire to weaken the Seleucid state, by supporting her first brother Seleucus II Callinicus in joint rule with her other brother Antiochus Hierax, who were at civil war with each other. Laodice bore Mithridates II three children, two daughters: Laodice III, Laodice of Pontus and a son Mithridates III of Pontus.", "Q441794": "Amos Edward Joel Jr. (March 12, 1918 \u2013 October 25, 2008) was an American electrical engineer, known for several contributions and over seventy patents related to telecommunications switching systems.", "Q110738": "Yella Rottl\u00e4nder (born 1964) is a German television and film actress as well as costume designer.\nRottl\u00e4nder is best known for her appearances in a number of Wim Wenders films, most notably for playing the 9-year-old Alice in his film Alice in the Cities (Alice in den St\u00e4dten). She also appeared in his films The Scarlet Letter (Der scharlachrote Buchstabe) and Faraway, So Close! (In weiter Ferne, so nah!).\nYella Rottl\u00e4nder currently lives with her children in Munich.", "Q264767": "Frederick Lawrence Mandel (born c. 1953 Estevan, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian session musician, keyboard player and guitarist.", "Q1930": "Ottawa ( (listen), ; French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0254tawa]) is the capital city of Canada. It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the core of the Ottawa\u2013Gatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) and the National Capital Region (NCR). As of 2016, Ottawa had a city population of 934,243 and a metropolitan population of 1,323,783 making it the fourth-largest city and the fifth-largest CMA in Canada. In June 2019, the City of Ottawa estimated it had surpassed a population of a million.Founded in 1826 as Bytown, and incorporated as Ottawa in 1855, the city has evolved into the political centre of Canada. Its original boundaries were expanded through numerous annexations and were ultimately replaced by a new city incorporation and amalgamation in 2001 which significantly increased its land area. The city name \"Ottawa\" was chosen in reference to the Ottawa River, the name of which is derived from the Algonquin Odawa, meaning \"to trade\".Ottawa has the most educated population among Canadian cities and is home to a number of post-secondary, research, and cultural institutions, including the National Arts Centre, the National Gallery, and numerous national museums.", "Q918268": "Maxime Du Camp (8 February 1822 \u2013 9 February 1894) was a French writer and photographer.", "Q360273": "Chakib Benmoussa (Arabic: \u0634\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u200e) (born 1958, Fes) is a former Interior Minister of Morocco and the lead negotiator for the Moroccan side in the Western Sahara conflict.", "Q460969": "Anca-Daniela Boagiu (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u014bka \u02c8bo\u032fad\u0361\u0292ju]; born November 30, 1968) is a Romanian engineer and politician. A member of the Democratic Liberal Party (PD-L), she was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Bucharest from 2000 to 2008 and has sat in the Romanian Senate, also for Bucharest, since 2008. In the Mugur Is\u0103rescu cabinet, she served as Minister of Transport in 2000; in the C\u0103lin Popescu-T\u0103riceanu cabinet, she was Minister of European Integration from 2005 to 2007; and in the Emil Boc cabinet, she was again Transport Minister from 2010 to 2012.", "Q492527": "Vallinayagan Ulaganathan Chidambaram (5 September 1872 \u2013 18 November 1936), popularly known by his initials, V.O.C. (spelled \u0bb5.\u0b89.\u0b9a\u0bbf in Tamil), also known as Kappalottiya Tamizhan \"The Tamil Helmsman\", was an Indian freedom fighter and leader of Indian National Congress. Founder of Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in 1906 to compete against the monopoly of the British India Steam Navigation Company (BISNC). He was a disciple of Bal Gangadhar Tilak.\nHe launched the first indigenous Indian shipping service between Tuticorin and Colombo with the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company, competing against British ships. Tuticorin Port Trust, one of India's thirteen major ports, is named after him. At one time a member of the Indian National Congress, he was later charged with sedition by the British government and sentenced to life imprisonment, and his barrister license was revoked.", "Q504551": "Andrew Ericson Lee (March 18, 1847 \u2013 March 19, 1934) was an American politician who served as the third Governor of South Dakota.", "Q120610": "Ren\u00e9e Weibel (born December 23, 1986 in Bern) is a Swiss actress.Ren\u00e9e successfully completed her education as a stage dancer in 2003, as well as attending acting school in Berlin between 2006 and 2009. Her first stage appearance was in 2003 and she has had roles in notable plays such as Swan lake and The Phantom of the Opera. Alongside her career on stage, Ren\u00e9e has had parts in two short films: Uncut! in 2008 and Success in 2009.She made her next move with taking the contract role as Helena von Lahnstein in the popular German soap opera Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love). Ren\u00e9e made her on-screen debut on October 5, 2009.For years, Ren\u00e9e lived in Berlin. She had to move for her role in Verbotene Liebe, which is filmed in Cologne.\nNext to German, Ren\u00e9e speaks American English and French. In June 2012 she revealed to be dating her Verbotene Liebe co-star Dirk Moritz.", "Q87441": "Herbert \"Harry\" Kuhner (born 1935 in Vienna) is an Austrian writer and translator.", "Q215175": "K\u014dt\u014d (\u6c5f\u6771\u533a, K\u014dt\u014d-ku) is a special ward located in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. The ward refers to itself as K\u014dt\u014d City in English. As of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 488,632, and a population density of 12,170 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is approximately 40.16 km\u00b2.\nK\u014dt\u014d is located east of the Tokyo metropolitan center, bounded by the Sumida River to the west and the Arakawa River to the east. Its major districts include Kameido, Kiba, Kiyosumi, Monzen-nakach\u014d, Shirakawa, and Toyosu. The waterfront area of Ariake is in K\u014dt\u014d, as is part of Odaiba.", "Q918283": "Terry Zwigoff (born May 18, 1949) is an American filmmaker whose work often deals with misfits, antiheroes, and themes of alienation. He first garnered attention for his work in documentary filmmaking with Louie Bluie (1985) and Crumb (1994). After Crumb, Zwigoff moved on to write and direct fiction feature films, including the Academy Award nominated Ghost World (2001) and Bad Santa (2003).", "Q202409": "Peter Charles Hammond Hill (15 November 1923 \u2013 12 October 2011) was an English actor and television director.\nPeter Charles Hammond Hill was born in Victoria, Central London. His father, Charles, was an art restorer and his mother, Ada, a nurse. After attending Harrow School of Art, he started work as a scenic artist at Sheffield Repertory Theatre. Following this, he turned to acting to \"earn some cash\", where he adopted the stage name of Peter Hammond. He first appeared in a West End production at the age of seventeen.Hammond made his film d\u00e9but in Waterloo Road (1945) and went on to carve a career playing handsome boy-next-door types throughout the late 1940s and early 1950s, most notably as Peter Hawtrey in The Huggetts Trilogy \u2013 Here Come the Huggetts (1948), Vote for Huggett and The Huggetts Abroad (both 1949).\nHis other films include Holiday Camp (1947), Helter Skelter (1949), Morning Departure (1950), The Adventurers (1951) and X the Unknown (1956).\nIn 1950, Hammond was reunited with his Huggetts co-star Petula Clark and played her leading man in Ealing's Dance Hall. In this film he gave Clark her first screen kiss.\nHammond\u2019s notable television roles include Hofmanstahl in The Adventures of William Tell and Lt. Edward Beamish in The Buccaneers. \nIn the 1960s, he turned to directing television programmes, including episodes of The Avengers, Armchair Theatre, Out of the Unknown, and the BBC serial The Three Musketeers (1966). His work on The Avengers gave Hammond a free hand to explore many stylistic opportunities. The producer Leonard White and series creator Sydney Newman both congratulated him on giving the early episodes their distinctive visual style, and Patrick Macnee credited him as a major influence in the shaping of the character of John Steed. It was through Hammond's work on The Avengers and Armchair Theatre (also produced by Leonard White) that he would be awarded a Director's Bafta Award in 1965. Hammond's work on the series was entirely on the videotape seasons (1961\u201364). Although Brian Clemens, producer of the filmed episodes of the show (1965\u201369), approached him a few times about directing further episodes, Hammond wasn't interested: \"I told them to get lost \u2013 there was nothing I could love about the Avengers being made on film\".Hammond\u2019s one foray into film as a director saw him directing James Mason in Spring and Port Wine (1970), based on the play of the same name by Bill Naughton. Set in the Lancashire town of Bolton, the film is still fondly regarded by those from the area.\nHammond continued to direct many popular television series of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, including King of the Castle, a production of Wuthering Heights for BBC television in 1978, The Dark Angel for BBC2, Rumpole of the Bailey, Follyfoot, The Wednesday Play, Cold Comfort Farm in 1968, Tales of the Unexpected, The Little World of Don Camillo, The Return of Sherlock Holmes, Inspector Morse and many more.\nPeter Neill, a colleague who worked with Hammond on various productions of the time, remembers him as \"very efficient, yet creative, with a friendly manner and sense of humour\". He is said also to have had a good rapport with actors, perhaps due to his own background in that area.He retired from directing in the mid-1990s due to illness and to look after his wife, Maureen Glynne, whom he married in 1948, until her death in 2005. They had three sons and two daughters, including the actress Juliet Hammond-Hill.", "Q320864": "Francis Atterbury (6 March 1663 \u2013 22 February 1732) was an English man of letters, politician and bishop. A High Church Tory and Jacobite, he gained patronage under Queen Anne, but was mistrusted by the Hanoverian Whig ministries, and banished for communicating with the Old Pretender. He was a noted wit and a gifted preacher.", "Q97652": "Georg Thomalla (14 February 1915 \u2013 25 August 1999) was a German actor. He appeared in about 150 film and television productions between 1939 and 2000, and was widely known in Germany for his comedic roles.\nThomalla was also well-known in Germany as a voice-over artist, dubbing particularly comedians, such as Peter Sellers as Inspector Clouseau in the Pink Panther movies, and he also was the standard German dubbing voice of Jack Lemmon from 1955 to 1998. Thomalla also dubbed Lemmon as the second musician in Some Like It Hot - interestingly, Thomalla had played the same role in the German comedy Fanfares of Love (1951), which served as a direct predecessor for Some Like It Hot. After Thomalla had dubbed Lemmon for more than 40 years, the two met at the 1996 Berlin International Film Festival where Thomalla held an honorific speech for Lemmon.\nHe was awarded the German Federal Cross of Merit in 1985.", "Q3434950": "Robert Despr\u00e9s, (September 27, 1924 \u2013 June 14, 2016) was a French Canadian businessman. Despr\u00e9s had a bachelor's degree and an MBA from Universit\u00e9 Laval.\nIn 2006, Despr\u00e9s was appointed Chairman of the Board of Directors of Cominar Real Estate Investment Trust, one of the largest commercial real estate property owners and managers in the province of Quebec.In 1978, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2003, he was made a Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec. He died from lung cancer on June 14, 2016.", "Q126261": "The Treasure of San Teresa (German: Rhapsodie in Blei) is a 1959 British-West German thriller film directed by Alvin Rakoff and starring Eddie Constantine, Dawn Addams and Marius Goring. It was based on a play by Jeffrey Dell. The film is also known by the alternative titles Hot Money Girl, Long Distance, and Rhapsody in Blei.", "Q64902": "Johann Jakob Griesbach (4 January 1745 \u2013 24 March 1812) was a German biblical textual critic. Griesbach's fame rests upon his work in New Testament criticism, in which he inaugurated a new epoch. His solution to the synoptic problem bears his name, but the Griesbach hypothesis has become, in modern times, known as the Two-Gospel hypothesis.", "Q2122746": "Source criticism (or information evaluation) is the process of evaluating an information source, i.e. a document, a person, a speech, a fingerprint, a photo, an observation, or anything used in order to obtain knowledge. In relation to a given purpose, a given information source may be more or less valid, reliable or relevant. Broadly, \"source criticism\" is the interdisciplinary study of how information sources are evaluated for given tasks.", "Q371395": "The People's Action Party (abbreviation: PAP) is a major centre-right political party in Singapore and is one of the two contemporary political parties represented in Parliament, along with its main opposition, the Workers' Party.The governing party since 1959, it was founded in 1954 as a pro-independence political party descended from an earlier student organization, and it has gone on to dominate the political system of the nation. The PAP has dominated Singapore's politics and has been credited as being central to the city-state's rapid political, social and economic development.", "Q139341": "Zach Grenier is an American film, television and stage actor.", "Q1933217": "Mike Jackson (December 23, 1888, Louisville, Kentucky \u2013 June 21, 1945, New York City) was an American jazz pianist and composer.\nThe details of Jackson's early life are not known. In 1921 he began composing songs for the publisher Joe Davis, and soon after worked as an accompanist for a number of early jazz and blues recordings, with Clara Smith, Alberta Hunter, Laura Smith, Thomas Morris (including the New Orleans Blue Five and the Dixie Jazzers Washboard Band), Perry Bradford, and Buddy Christian. He also recorded under his own name as Jackson and His Southern Stompers. With Morris, he worked in the vaudeville show The Wicked Age in 1927. He emigrated to Montreal in 1928, but returned to New York in 1930, where he continued working as a composer.His compositions included \"The Louisville Blues\", written with Bob Ricketts in 1921 and recorded by W.C. Handy in 1923; \"Scandal Blues\" and \"Black Hearse Blues\", both written in 1925; and \"Slender, Tender and Tall\" and \"Hey, Knock Me a Kiss\", both of which were recorded by Jimmie Lunceford and Louis Jordan among others.", "Q317010": "The Corps Hannovera G\u00f6ttingen is one of the oldest German Student Corps, a Studentenverbindung or student corporation founded on January 18, 1809 at the Georg August University of G\u00f6ttingen by students like Georg Kloss. The name was chosen because the founders had their home residences in the Kingdom of Hanover. As a corps it is a founder member (1848) of the K\u00f6sener Senioren-Convents-Verband (KSCV), the oldest governing body of such student associations in both Germany and Austria.\nHannovera commits itself still to the principles of academic fencing as well as the common principles of tolerance and democracy shared by all Corps of the KSCV. Its members wear red and blue couleur (red cap and tricoloured sash) on official occasions. Hannovera's Latin motto is Nunquam retrorsum, fortes adiuvat fortuna! (engl: Never backward, fortune favours the bold).\nCorps Hannovera officially regards the 18th of January 1809 as its founding date though it can be proved that there were similar gatherings of Hanoverian students in G\u00f6ttingen as far back as 1735.\nCorps Hannovera is also a founding member and stringent follower of the blaues Prinzip or blue principle (along with fellow cartel Corps Teutonia Marburg and Lusatia Leipzig). The blue principle is a social principle which consists of the promotion of gentlemanly conduct and social behaviour in general. Flowing from these ideals Corps Hannovera host several social events in their club house (Corpshaus) which are generally regarded as some of the most coveted and exclusive social occasions in G\u00f6ttingen.\nThe most famous member of Hannovera was Otto von Bismarck, who probably had the \"wildest\" time of his life in the course of his studies at G\u00f6ttingen, where, owing to his excessive boisterousness, he was forced to live outside the town walls and was once placed under arrest for a period of ten days in the university jail (in German: Karzer). Other famous members of Corps Hanovera G\u00f6ttingen were general Friedrich Balduin von Gagern, the leader of the liberal opposition in the Reichstag, Rudolf von Bennigsen, economist Wilhelm Roscher, poet Ernst Schulze, botanist Heinrich Wendland, surgeon Louis Stromeyer, geologist Otto Volger, fisheries expert Walther Herwig, the Imperial German ambassador to China and Japan Alfons Mumm von Schwarzenstein and Wolfgang Kapp.\nThe Corps has some members from the United Kingdom and the United States. One of them was the later physician Mitchell Campbell King from South Carolina, who belonged to the circle of Bismarck's American friends in G\u00f6ttingen. During his stay at Gottingen in 1856 John Pierpont Morgan joined the Corps, but was \"not a full fledged member\" since he wanted to avoid a smite. Others have worked in the US and Canada like surgeon Hinrich Bitter-Suermann.", "Q170027": "The University of London (abbreviated as Lond or more rarely Londin in post-nominals) is a federal research university located in London, England. As of March 2020, the university consists of 17 member institutions and three central academic bodies. The university has around 48,000 distance learning external students and 178,735 campus-based internal students, making it the largest university by number of students in the United Kingdom.\nThe university was established by royal charter in 1836, as a degree-awarding examination board for students holding certificates from University College London and King's College London and \"other such other Institutions, corporate or unincorporated, as shall be established for the purpose of Education, whether within the Metropolis or elsewhere within our United Kingdom\", allowing it to be one of three institutions to claim the title of the third-oldest university in England, and moved to a federal structure in 1900. It is now incorporated by its fourth (1863) royal charter and governed by the University of London Act 2018. It was the first university in the United Kingdom to introduce examinations for women in 1869 and, a decade later, the first to admit women to degrees. In 1948 it became the first British university to appoint a woman as its vice chancellor (chief executive). The university's member institutions house the oldest teaching hospitals in England.\nFor most practical purposes, ranging from admissions to funding, the member institutions operate on an independent basis, with many awarding their own degrees whilst remaining in the federal university. The largest colleges by enrolment as of 2016/17 are UCL, King's College London, City, Queen Mary, Birkbeck, the London School of Economics, Royal Holloway, and Goldsmiths, each of which has over 9,000 students. Smaller, more specialist, colleges are the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), St George's (medicine), the Royal Veterinary College, London Business School, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, the Royal Academy of Music, the Courtauld Institute of Art, and the Institute of Cancer Research. Imperial College London was formerly a member from 1907 before it became an independent university in 2007, and Heythrop College was a member from 1970 until its closure in 2018. City is the most recent constituent college, having joined on 1 September 2016. Under the 2018 act, member institutions ceased to be termed colleges and gained the right to seek university status without having to leave the federal university: Birkbeck, City, Goldsmiths\u2019, King's College London, the LSE, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Queen Mary, the Royal Veterinary College, Royal Holloway, SOAS, St George's and UCL have all indicated that they intend to do so.As of 2015, there are around 2 million University of London alumni across the world, including 12 monarchs or royalty, 52 presidents or prime ministers, 84 Nobel laureates, 5 Fields Medalists, 4 Turing Award winners, 6 Grammy winners, 2 Oscar winners, 3 Olympic gold medalists and the \"Father of the Nation\" of several countries. The university also owns University of London Press.", "Q236974": "Radegund (Latin: Radegunda; also spelled Rhadegund, Radegonde, or Radigund; c. 520 \u2013 13 August 587) was a Thuringian princess and Frankish queen, who founded the Abbey of the Holy Cross at Poitiers. She is the patron saint of several churches in France and England and of Jesus College, Cambridge (whose full name is \"The College of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint John the Evangelist and the glorious Virgin Saint Radegund, near Cambridge\").", "Q219997": "Curtis \"Curt\" Tomasevicz (born September 17, 1980) is an American bobsledder who has competed since 2004, and a former college football player. He won six medals at the FIBT World Championships with two golds (Four-man: 2009, 2012), a silver (Mixed team: 2007) and three bronzes (Two-man: 2009, Mixed team: 2008, 2009).\nTomasevicz finished sixth in the four-man event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. He was an alternate during the (2006\u201307) season on World Cup tour for driver Steven Holcomb and won a gold in Cesana, Italy during the 2007\u201308 season.\nIt was announced on 15 January 2010 that he made the US team in both the two-man and four-man events at the 2010 Winter Olympics, where he won a gold medal.", "Q363949": "Jonas Basanavi\u010dius (pronunciation , Polish: Jan Basanowicz; 23 November 1851 \u2013 16 February 1927) was an activist and proponent of the Lithuanian National Revival. He participated in every major event leading to the independent Lithuanian state and is often given the informal honorific title of the \"Patriarch of the Nation\" (Lithuanian: tautos patriarchas) for his contributions.\nBorn to a family of farmers, Basanavi\u010dius was to become a priest but instead chose to study medicine at the Moscow Medical Academy. He worked as a doctor from 1880 to 1905 in the Principality of Bulgaria. Despite the long distance, he dedicated substantial effort to the Lithuanian cultural work. He founded the first Lithuanian-language newspaper Au\u0161ra (1883), contributed articles on Lithuania to the press, collected samples of Lithuanian folklore (songs, fairy-tales, legends, riddles, etc.) and published them. He was also involved with local Bulgarian politics. He returned to Lithuania in 1905 and immediately joined Lithuanian cultural life. He became chairman of the organizing committee of the 1905 Great Seimas of Vilnius. In 1907, he founded the Lithuanian Scientific Society, a learned society dedicated to Lithuanian history, ethnography, linguistics. Basanavi\u010dius became chairman of the society and dedicated the rest of his life to its affairs. In 1917, he was elected by the Vilnius Conference to the Council of Lithuania. He chaired the council's session that adopted the Act of Independence of Lithuania on 16 February 1918 and was the first to sign it. In the aftermath of World War I, Vilnius changed hands and regimes several times, but Basanavi\u010dius refused to leave safeguarding city's museums, libraries, archives and continuing his lifelong research of Lithuanian cultural matters. After \u017beligowski's Mutiny in October 1920, Vilnius became part of Poland and Lithuanian activities were censored and limited. Basanavi\u010dius' continued presence in the city became a symbol of Lithuanian claims to the bitterly contested Vilnius Region. When he died in 1927, the Lithuanian government declared a five-day mourning period.", "Q18407": "La Dolce Vita (Italian pronunciation: [la \u02c8dolt\u0283e \u02c8vi\u02d0ta]; Italian for \"the sweet life\" or \"the good life\") is a 1960 comedy-drama film directed and co-written by Federico Fellini. The film follows Marcello Rubini (Marcello Mastroianni), a journalist writing for gossip magazines, over seven days and nights on his journey through the \"sweet life\" of Rome in a fruitless search for love and happiness. The screenplay, co-written by Fellini and three other screenwriters, can be divided into a prologue, seven major episodes interrupted by an intermezzo, and an epilogue, according to the most common interpretation.La Dolce Vita won the Palme d'Or (Golden Palm) at the 1960 Cannes Film Festival and the Oscar for Best Costumes. The film was a worldwide box-office success and a critical success, and is now frequently regarded as one of the greatest films in world cinema.\n\n", "Q122007": "Shahe (Chinese: \u6c99\u6cb3; pinyin: Sh\u0101h\u00e9) is a county-level city in the prefecture-level city of Xingtai, in the southern part of Hebei province, China.\nShahe has been called China's \"glass capital.\" Its glass factories manufacture about ten percent of the world supply of flat glass. About 50,000 of Shahe's 480,000 residents work in the glass industry.\nSmog in Shahe has become a serious problem, with some factories preferring to pay fines rather than comply with air pollution enforcement requirements.", "Q501429": "Alexander Lee \"Skip\" Spence (April 18, 1946 \u2013 April 16, 1999) was a Canadian-born American singer, songwriter, and musician. He was co-founder of Moby Grape, and played guitar with them until 1969. He released one solo album, 1969's Oar, and then largely withdrew from the music industry. He had started his career as a guitarist in an early line-up of Quicksilver Messenger Service, and was the drummer on Jefferson Airplane's debut album, Jefferson Airplane Takes Off. He has been described on the AllMusic website as \"one of psychedelia's brightest lights\"; however, his career was plagued by drug addictions coupled with mental health problems, and he has been described by a biographer as a man who \"neither died young nor had a chance to find his way out.\"", "Q41572": "Mykolaiv (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0457\u0432 [m\u026ako\u02c8l\u0251jiu\u032f] (listen)), also known as Nikolaev or Nikolayev (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432 [n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8la(j)\u026af]), is a city in southern Ukraine, the administrative center of the Mykolaiv Oblast. Mykolaiv is arguably the main shipbuilding center of the Black Sea. Aside from three shipyards within the city, there are a number of research centers specializing in shipbuilding such as the State Research and Design Shipbuilding Center, Zoria-Mashproekt and others. The city has a population of 494,763\u2009(2015 est.).\nThe city is an important transportation hub of Ukraine (sea port, commercial port, river port, highway and railway junction, airport).\nMykolaiv's orderly layout reflects the fact that its development has been well planned from the founding of the city. Its main streets, including the three main east\u2013west Avenues, are very wide and tree-lined. A significant part of Mykolaiv's land area consists of beautiful parks. Park Peremohy (Victory) is a large park on the peninsula just north of the city center of Mykolaiv, on the north side of the Inhul river.", "Q1430397": "Floyd Tillman (December 8, 1914 \u2013 August 22, 2003) was an American country musician who, in the 1930s and 1940s, helped create the Western swing and honky tonk genres. Tillman was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970 and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1984.", "Q2117925": "Sumerian Records is an American independent record label based in Washington D.C. and Los Angeles. The label was founded in 2006 by Ash Avildsen. Fellsilent became the first non-US band to be signed to the label, in 2008. Sumerian's roster includes a number of progressive metal bands, notably in the djent subgenre.\nThey have signed artists such as Black Veil Brides, Poppy, and Palaye Royale.", "Q3790086": "Volker Kempe (born 1 July 1939) is a German Scientist, Manager and Entrepreneur", "Q115873": "Gottfried Honegger (12 June 1917 \u2013 17 January 2016) was a Swiss artist and graphic designer. He was married to the Swiss illustrator Warja Lavater. He studied shop-window display at the Zurich Kunstgewerbeschule and taught there from 1948. His early work was commercial graphic design.From 1955-1958 he was art director at Geigy. \nHe lived in New York City between 1958 and 1960, and held his first exhibition there.\nIn 1961 he moved to Paris and concentrated on painting, which concentrated on exacting explorations of circles and squares, and (from 1968), sculpture.Honegger also spent time in Dallas, Texas as the artist in residence at the University of Dallas. Honegger died at his home in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland from a short-illness on 17 January 2016, aged 98.", "Q1361397": "Otto John Jelinek, (Czech: Otakar Jel\u00ednek; born May 20, 1940) is a businessman, former figure skater, and Canadian politician. Jelinek's family fled to Switzerland, then to Canada from Czechoslovakia in 1948, following the Communist coup d'\u00e9tat when communists nationalized his father's cork and aluminium caps factory. Jelinek was appointed as ambassador of Canada to the Czech Republic in August 2013.", "Q172630": "George Francis Flaherty, Jr. (January 6, 1926 \u2013 April 9, 2002), known professionally as Pat Flaherty, was an American racecar driver who won the Indianapolis 500 in 1956.He drove in the AAA and USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1950, 1953\u20131956, 1958\u20131959, and 1963 seasons with 19 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 races in 1950, 1953, 1955, 1956, and 1959. He finished in the top ten 9 times, with victories in 1955 and 1956 at Milwaukee as well as the 1956 Indianapolis 500. Born in Glendale, California, Flaherty died in Oxnard, California.", "Q3114": "Canberra ( (listen))\nis the capital city of Australia. Founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory; 280 km (170 mi) south-west of Sydney and 660 km (410 mi) north-east of Melbourne.\nOn 1 January 1901, federation of the colonies of Australia was achieved. Section 125 of the new Australian Constitution provided that land, situated in New South Wales and at least 100 miles (160 km) from Sydney, would be ceded to the new federal government. Following discussion and exploration of various areas within New South Wales, the Seat of Government Act 1908 was passed in 1908 which specified a capital in the Yass-Canberra region. The land was transferred to the Commonwealth by New South Wales in 1911, creating the Australian Capital Territory, two years prior to the capital city being founded and formally named as Canberra in 1913.\nIt is unusual among Australian cities, being an entirely planned city outside of any state, similar to Washington, D.C. in the United States or Bras\u00edlia in Brazil. Following an international contest for the city's design, a blueprint by American architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was selected and construction commenced in 1913. The Griffins' plan featured geometric motifs such as circles, hexagons and triangles, and was centred on axes aligned with significant topographical landmarks in the Australian Capital Territory. The city's design was influenced by the garden city movement and incorporates significant areas of natural vegetation.\nAs the seat of the government of Australia, Canberra is home to many important institutions of the federal government, national monuments and museums. This includes Parliament House, the official residence of the monarch's representative the Governor-General, the High Court and numerous government departments and agencies. It is also the location of many social and cultural institutions of national significance such as the Australian War Memorial, the Australian National University, the Royal Australian Mint, the Australian Institute of Sport, the National Gallery, the National Museum and the National Library. The city is also home to many important institutions of the Australian Defence Force including the Royal Military College Duntroon and the Australian Defence Force Academy. It also hosts the majority of foreign embassies in Australia as well as regional headquarters of many international organisations, not-for-profit groups, lobbying groups and professional associations.\nCanberra does not have a local council or city government like other Australian cities. The Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly performs the roles of both a city council for the city and a territory government for the rest of the Australian Capital Territory. The vast majority of the population of the Territory reside in Canberra though and the city is therefore the primary focus of the ACT Government. However, the federal government maintains authority over the Territory and may overturn local laws. It still maintains control over the area known as the Parliamentary Triangle through the National Capital Authority.\nAs at June 2019 the population of Canberra was 426,704, having grown by 1.5% over the preceding 12 months. As the city has a high proportion of public servants, the Commonwealth Government contributes the largest percentage of gross territory product and is the largest single employer in Canberra, although not the majority employer. Compared to the national averages, the unemployment rate is lower and the average income higher; tertiary education levels are higher, while the population is younger.", "Q213": "The Czech Republic ( (listen); Czech: \u010cesk\u00e1 republika [\u02c8t\u0283\u025bska\u02d0 \u02c8r\u025bpubl\u026aka] (listen)), also known by its short-form name, Czechia ( (listen); Czech: \u010cesko [\u02c8t\u0283\u025bsko] (listen)), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the southeast, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west, making it one of only two European Union countries, the other being Luxembourg, to be completely surrounded by the European Union. The Czech Republic has hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,866 square kilometers (30,450 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, with 10.7 million inhabitants. Its capital and largest city is Prague, with 1.3 million residents; other major cities are Brno, Ostrava, Olomouc and Pilsen.\nThe Czech state was formed in the late ninth century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire. In 1002, the duchy was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire, and became the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198, reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century. Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century. The Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century led to the Hussite Wars, which resulted in a period of confessional pluralism and relative religious tolerance.\nFollowing the Battle of Moh\u00e1cs in 1526, the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy. The Protestant Bohemian Revolt (1618\u201320) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of the White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule, eradicated Protestantism, reimposed Catholicism, and adopted a policy of gradual Germanization. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Bohemian Crown lands became part of the Austrian Empire (1804 to 1867) and the Czech (Bohemian) language and literature experienced a revival as a consequence of widespread romantic nationalism. In the 19th century, the Czech lands became the industrial powerhouse of the monarchy and were subsequently the core of the First Czechoslovak Republic, which was formed in 1918 following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I.\nCzechoslovakia was the only democracy in Central Europe during the interwar period (after the May Coup in Poland, in 1926). However, parts of the country were occupied by Germany in World War II, while the Slovak region became a German puppet state. Czechoslovakia was liberated in 1945 by the Soviet Union and the United States. Most of the German-speaking minority were expelled following the war. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia won a plurality in the 1946 elections and after the 1948 coup d'\u00e9tat established a one-party communist state under Soviet influence. Increasing dissatisfaction with the regime culminated in 1968 to the reform movement known as the Prague Spring, which ended in a Soviet-led invasion. Czechoslovakia remained occupied until the 1989 Velvet Revolution, which peacefully ended communist rule and reestablished democracy and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully dissolved, with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.\nThe Czech Republic is a developed country with an advanced, high income social market economy. It is a welfare state with a European social model, universal health care, and tuition-free university education. It ranks 13th in the UN inequality-adjusted human development and 14th in the World Bank Human Capital Index ahead of countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and France. It ranks as the eleventh safest and most peaceful country and performs strongly in democratic governance. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union (EU) in 2004. It is also a member of the OECD, the United Nations, the OSCE, and the Council of Europe.", "Q635734": "An archivist is an information professional who assesses, collects, organizes, preserves, maintains control over, and provides access to records and archives determined to have long-term value. The records maintained by an archivist can consist of a variety of forms, including letters, diaries, logs, other personal documents, government documents, sound and/or picture recordings, digital files, or other physical objects.", "Q2504576": "Sparrow Records is a Christian music record label and a division of Universal Music Group.", "Q1360937": "Malcolm Douglas Cooper, MBE, (20 December 1947 \u2013 9 June 2001) was a British sport shooter and founder of Accuracy International.", "Q197864": "The United Socialist Party of Venezuela (Spanish: Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela, PSUV) is a socialist political party in Venezuela which resulted from the fusion of some of the political and social forces that support the Bolivarian Revolution led by President Hugo Ch\u00e1vez. It is the largest political party in Venezuela and the 9th largest in the world with more than 7 million active members as of 2014.At the 2015 parliamentary election, PSUV lost its majority in the National Assembly for the first time since the unicameral legislature's creation in 2000 against the Democratic Unity Roundtable, earning 55 out of the National Assembly's 167 seats.\n\n", "Q68686": "Walther Karl Paul Rethel (15 August 1892 \u2013 1977) was a German aircraft designer born in Wesel.Working for the Dutch company Fokker in the years after World War I, he designed aircraft such as the amphibious Fokker B.I and the Fokker F.VII airliner. In the 1920s he worked for Arado Flugzeugwerke in Germany, before moving to Messerschmitt, where he was chief engineer on the legendary Bf 109.", "Q489107": "Slaven Bili\u0107 (pronounced [sl\u01ce\u028ben b\u01d0\u02d0lit\u0255]; born 11 September 1968) is a Croatian football manager and former professional player who played as a defender. He is the current manager of English club West Bromwich Albion. \nBili\u0107, who played as a defender, began his career in 1988 with his hometown club Hajduk Split, later having successful spells with Karlsruher SC in Germany and West Ham United and Everton in England before retiring from active football in 2001. At the international level, Bili\u0107 served as one of Croatia's most consistent defenders during the tenure of coach Miroslav Bla\u017eevi\u0107, earning 44 caps between 1992 and 1999 and playing in UEFA Euro 1996 and the 1998 FIFA World Cup, helping the team to third place at the latter tournament.\nFollowing his playing retirement in 2001 at Hajduk Split, Bili\u0107 coached the team in the second half of the 2001\u201302 season. Between 2004 and 2006, he managed the Croatian under-21 team before taking over the senior national side. He led the team to the quarter-finals of the 2008 European championship and left after the next edition four years later. He was praised for his long-standing service to the national side and credited with successfully overseeing the introduction of a series of young players from the under-21 squad to the senior side. He left for the Russian club Lokomotiv Moscow in 2012, and then spent two years apiece managing Turkish club Be\u015fikta\u015f and West Ham. In 2018, he was announced as the new head coach of Al-Ittihad. In February 2019, he was sacked from the role at Ittihad.", "Q305372": "Brad Wright is a Canadian television producer, screenwriter and actor. He is best known as the co-creator of the television series Stargate SG-1 (with Jonathan Glassner), Stargate Atlantis (with Robert C. Cooper) and Stargate Universe (also with Cooper) and as the creator of Travelers. He was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.\nBefore the inception of the Stargate franchise, he served as the co-executive producer and a writer of The Outer Limits. He has also written scripts for several other television series including Neon Rider, Adventures of the Black Stallion, The Odyssey, Highlander: The Series and Poltergeist: The Legacy.", "Q496027": "Eddie Adams (June 12, 1933 \u2013 September 19, 2004) was an American photographer and photojournalist noted for portraits of celebrities and politicians and for coverage of 13 wars. He is best known for his photograph of the execution of a Viet Cong prisoner, for which he won a Pulitzer Prize in 1969. Adams was a resident of Bogota, New Jersey.\n\n", "Q748085": "University of Perugia (Italian Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia) is a public-owned university based in Perugia, Italy. It was founded in 1308, as attested by the Bull issued by Pope Clement V certifying the birth of the Studium Generale.\nThe official seal of the university portraits Saint Herculan, one of the saint patrons, and the rampant crowned griffin, which is the city symbol: they represent the ecclesiastical and civil powers, respectively, which gave rise to the university in the Middle Ages.", "Q322915": "Brian Joseph Burton (born July 29, 1977), better known by his stage name Danger Mouse, is an American musician, songwriter and record producer. He came to prominence in 2004 when he released The Grey Album, which combined vocal performances from Jay-Z's The Black Album with instrumentals from The Beatles' The Beatles (aka the White Album).\nHe formed Gnarls Barkley with CeeLo Green and produced its albums St. Elsewhere and The Odd Couple. In 2009 he collaborated with James Mercer of the indie rock band The Shins to form the band Broken Bells. In addition, Burton worked with rapper MF Doom as Danger Doom and released the album The Mouse and the Mask.\nAs a producer Danger Mouse produced the second Gorillaz album, 2005's Demon Days, as well as Beck's 2008 record Modern Guilt and four albums with The Black Keys (Attack & Release, Brothers, El Camino and Turn Blue). In 2016, Danger Mouse produced, performed on and co-wrote songs for the eleventh studio album by the Red Hot Chili Peppers titled The Getaway. Danger Mouse has also produced and co-written albums by Norah Jones (Little Broken Hearts), Electric Guest (Mondo), Portugal. The Man (Evil Friends), Adele (25), and ASAP Rocky's (At.Long.Last.ASAP (ALLA)). He has been nominated for 22 Grammy Awards and has won six. Danger Mouse has been nominated in the Producer of the Year category five times, and won the award in 2011.", "Q200578": "Yokosuka (\u6a2a\u9808\u8cc0\u5e02, Yokosuka-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.\nAs of October 2017, the city has a population of 409,478, and a population density of 4,066 people per km2. The total area is 100.7 km2. Yokosuka is the 11th most populous city in the Greater Tokyo Area, and the 12th in the Kant\u014d region.", "Q103977": "Jacob Sonderling (19 October 1878 \u2013 30 September 1964) was a German and American Rabbi. He was born in a chassidic family and was an early Zionist (Klal Yisrael). His aim was to combine art and religion.Sonderling was born in Lipine, now part of \u015awi\u0119toch\u0142owice. He wrote his Ph.D. dissertation about the logic lessons of Kant. He was a preacher at Hamburg Temple with David Leimd\u00f6rfer. In World War I, he was Field Rabbi in the Hindenburg army and emigrated to the United States in 1923.\nAfter his arrival in the USA, he served as a rabbi in New York and Chicago. In Los Angeles he was founder of the Fairfax Temple and helped Jewish immigrants with music commissions. He died, aged 85, in Los Angeles.", "Q519500": "Francis Charles Joseph Bello (born July 9, 1965) is an American musician who plays bass guitar for the thrash metal band Anthrax.", "Q454372": "Michiya Haruhata (\u6625\u7551\u9053\u54c9, Haruhata Michiya, born November 5, 1966) is a Japanese musical composer, guitarist and music producer under Sony Music Entertainment. He is member of band TUBE. Since 1992 he has been composing songs for few Being Inc. artist such as Mai Kuraki and Zard. Michiya was given his own Signature Model Stratocaster from Fender in 2002. Michiya Haruhata was added to the Fender signature artist club as the first guitarist in Asia. His song \"Jaguar '08\" was named the 31st best guitar instrumental by Young Guitar Magazine in 2019.", "Q3089940": "A music executive or record executive is a person within a record label who works in senior management, making executive decisions over the label's artists. Their role varies greatly but in essence, they can oversee one, or many, aspects of a record label, including A&R, contracts, management, publishing, production, manufacture, marketing/promotion, distribution, copyright, and touring. Although music executives work in senior management, a number of music executives have gone on to establish their own record labels as owners themselves, sometimes being involved in the music industry initially as artists, A&Rs, or producers for a number of years and building a strong reputation.\nMusic executives work in a variety of settings for major record labels such as Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, or Warner Music Group. However, many choose to work with, or start their own independent record labels such as Sub Pop, Block Starz Music, Ironworks and Jagjaguwar.", "Q557109": "Julien Louis Geoffroy (17 August 1743 \u2013 27 February 1814) was a French literary critic.He was born at Rennes, and educated there and at the Coll\u00e8ge Louis le Grand in Paris. He took orders and for some time was a mere usher, eventually becoming professor of rhetoric at the Coll\u00e8ge des Quatre-Nations. His tragedy, Caton, was accepted at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Fran\u00e7ais, but was never performed. On the death of \u00c9lie Fr\u00e9ron in 1776 the other collaborators in the Ann\u00e9e litt\u00e9raire asked Geoffroy to succeed him, and he conducted the journal until its closure in 1792.\nGeoffroy was a bitter critic of Voltaire and his followers, and made for himself many enemies. An enthusiastic royalist, he published, with Fr\u00e9ron's brother-in-law, the abb\u00e9 Thomas Royou (1741\u20131792), a journal, L'Ami du roi (1790\u20131792), which possibly did more harm than good to the king's cause by its ill-advised partisanship. During the Reign of Terror, Geoffroy hid in the neighbourhood of Paris, only returning in 1799.\nAn attempt to revive the Ann\u00e9e litt\u00e9raire failed, and Geoffroy undertook the position of theatre critic of the Journal des D\u00e9bats. His scathing criticisms had a success of notoriety, but their popularity was ephemeral, and the publication of them (5 vols., 1819\u20131820) as Cours de litt\u00e9rature dramatique proved a failure. He was also the author of a perfunctory Commentaire on the works of Jean Racine prefixed to Lenormant's edition (1808).", "Q2958680": "Charles Carroll Colby, (December 10, 1827 \u2013 January 10, 1907) was a Canadian lawyer, businessman and politician.He was born in Derby, Vermont in 1827, the son of Moses French Colby, and came to Stanstead, Quebec with his family in 1832. He studied at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. He studied law, was called to the Quebec bar in 1855 and entered practice at Stanstead. In 1858, he married Harriet Child. Colby was elected as a Liberal-Conservative MP in the House of Commons of Canada in 1867 representing Stanstead and remained in parliament until his defeat in 1891. He served as President of the Privy Council under Sir John A. Macdonald from 1889 to 1891 and was previously Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees of the Whole of the House of Commons. Colby supported the introduction of tariffs to reciprocate against those imposed by the United States. He was a trustee of Stanstead College and a director for several railway companies. Colby served as vice-president of the Quebec Temperance and Prohibitory League.Colby was the author of Parliamentary government in Canada, published in Montreal in 1886. He died in Montreal at the age of 79.In 1859, Colby built Carrollcroft, his residence at Stanstead, which now serves as the site of the Colby-Curtis Museum.", "Q505129": "Paul S\u00e9journ\u00e9 (21 December 1851; Orl\u00e9ans \u2013 19 January 1939; Paris) was a French engineer who specialized in the construction of large bridges from masonry, a domain in which he made some important innovations.", "Q392768": "Agent Steel is a speed metal band from Los Angeles, California, United States, formed in 1984 by vocalist John Cyriis with drummer Chuck Profus. The band released two full-length albums, and one EP before disbanding in 1988. They were most notable for Cyriis' high-pitched vocals, catchy songs, melodic riffs, and fast tempos mixed in with their unusual (in heavy metal) interest in UFOs, and differential anthropological-theme lyrical prose. Agent Steel reformed in 1998 (without Cyriis, although he would return to the band in 2010, only to leave again in 2011) and released three more full-length albums before going on hiatus in 2011. The band reformed again in 2018, this time with Cyriis returning as the vocalist and without the previous members.\n\n", "Q1065": "The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the largest, most familiar, most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world. The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City; other main offices are in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna and The Hague.\nThe UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars, succeeding the ineffective League of Nations. On 25 April 1945, 50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24 October 1945, when the UN began operations. Pursuant to the Charter, the organization's objectives include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; this number grew to 193 in 2011, representing the vast majority of the world's sovereign states.\nThe organization's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early decades by the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union and their respective allies. Its missions have consisted primarily of unarmed military observers and lightly armed troops with primarily monitoring, reporting and confidence-building roles. UN membership grew significantly following widespread decolonization beginning in the 1960s. Since then, 80 former colonies have gained independence, including 11 trust territories that had been monitored by the Trusteeship Council. By the 1970s, the UN's budget for economic and social development programmes far outstripped its spending on peacekeeping. After the end of the Cold War, the UN shifted and expanded its field operations, undertaking a wide variety of complex tasks.The UN has six principal organs: the General Assembly; the Security Council; the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC); the Trusteeship Council; the International Court of Justice; and the UN Secretariat. The UN System includes a multitude of specialized agencies, such as the World Bank Group, the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme, UNESCO, and UNICEF. Additionally, non-governmental organizations may be granted consultative status with ECOSOC and other agencies to participate in the UN's work. The UN's chief administrative officer is the Secretary-General, currently Portuguese politician and diplomat Ant\u00f3nio Guterres, since 1 January 2017. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states.\nThe UN, its officers, and its agencies have won many Nobel Peace Prizes, though other evaluations of its effectiveness have been mixed. Some commentators believe the organization to be an important force for peace and human development, while others have called it ineffective, biased, or corrupt.", "Q430838": "Tiffany Million (born Sandra Lee Schwab on April 6, 1966), also known as Tyffany Million, is a former professional wrestler and American pornographic performer who appeared in both heterosexual and lesbian videos. She retired from the adult industry in 1994.\nAs Sandra Scott, she was the subject of the 2007 reality show Wife, Mom, Bounty Hunter, which aired on WE: Women's Entertainment for one season. She also appeared as herself in the 2012 documentary film After Porn Ends.", "Q9439": "Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 \u2013 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. She adopted the additional title of Empress of India on 1 May 1876. Known as the Victorian era, her reign of 63 years and seven months was longer than that of any of her predecessors. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire.\nVictoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (the fourth son of King George III), and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. After both the Duke and his father died in 1820, she was raised under close supervision by her mother and her comptroller, John Conroy. She inherited the throne aged 18 after her father's three elder brothers died without surviving legitimate issue. The United Kingdom was an established constitutional monarchy in which the sovereign held relatively little direct political power. Privately, she attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments; publicly, she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of personal morality.\nVictoria married her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1840. Their children married into royal and noble families across the continent, earning Victoria the sobriquet \"the grandmother of Europe\" and spreading haemophilia in European royalty. After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism in the United Kingdom temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign, her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration. She died on the Isle of Wight in 1901. The last British monarch of the House of Hanover, she was succeeded by her son Edward VII of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.", "Q117902": "Giuliano Vassalli (25 April 1915 \u2013 21 October 2009) was an Italian politician, lecturer and lawyer.", "Q272688": "Ren\u00e9e Saint-Cyr (French: [s\u025b\u0303si\u0281]; 16 November 1904 \u2013 11 July 2004) was a French actress. She appeared in 66 films between 1933 and 1994. She was the mother of Georges Lautner, who also achieved fame in the film business, albeit as a director.", "Q1174736": "David Hirschfelder (born 18 November 1960, Ballarat, Victoria) is an Australian musician, film score composer and performer. As a musician he has been a member of Little River Band and John Farnham Band. He has composed film scores for many films, including Strictly Ballroom, Australia, The Railway Man, The Water Diviner and The Dressmaker. He was nominated for Academy Awards for his scores for Shine and Elizabeth.", "Q72806": "Margarete Neumann (19 February 1917 \u2013 4 March 2002) was a German writer and lyrical poet.", "Q4118026": "Assem Allam (Egyptian Arabic: \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645; born 1 August 1939) is an Egyptian-British businessman, based since 1968 in the East Riding of Yorkshire. He is the owner of Allam Marine, an industrial generator manufacturer, and owner of EFL Championship club Hull City.", "Q1375484": "Henry Burk Jones (August 1, 1912 \u2013 May 17, 1999) was an American actor of stage, film and television.", "Q3180970": "Laura Clough Scudder (July 19, 1881 \u2013 March 13, 1959) was an entrepreneur in Monterey Park, California, who made and sold potato chips and pioneered the packaging of potato chips in sealed bags to extend freshness.", "Q659822": "Mastrils is a former municipality in the district of Landquart in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. The municipalities of Igis and Mastrils merged on 1 January 2012 into the new municipality of Landquart.", "Q3568949": "William Tang Sharon (January 9, 1821 \u2013 November 13, 1885) was a United States Senator from Nevada who profited from the Comstock Lode.", "Q4790747": "Ariola Japan Inc. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30a2\u30ea\u30aa\u30e9\u30b8\u30e3\u30d1\u30f3, Kabushiki Kaisha Ariora Japan), is a Japanese record label precedently part of BMG Japan and now subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan.", "Q87327": "Eugen Neufeld (6 December 1882 in G\u00f6ding \u2013 18 October 1950 in Vienna) was an Austrian-Jewish film actor. He was the older brother of actor and director Max Neufeld.", "Q169210": "Anna Iriyama (\u5165\u5c71 \u674f\u5948, Iriyama Anna, born December 3, 1995, in Chiba Prefecture) is a Japanese singer and a member of the Japanese idol group AKB48, in which she is a member of Team A. She is represented by the talent agency Ohta Production. She was part of the cast for the telenovela Like and currently living in Mexico since 2018.", "Q45066": "Joachim Meisner (25 December 1933 \u2013 5 July 2017) was a German cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was the immediate past Archbishop of Cologne, serving from 1989 until his resignation was accepted by Pope Francis in 2014. He previously served as Bishop of Berlin from 1980 to 1989, and was created a cardinal in 1983. He was widely considered to be Germany's leading conservative Roman Catholic figure.", "Q7108771": "Otis College of Art and Design is a private art and design school in Los Angeles, California. Established in 1918, it was the city's first independent professional school of art. The main campus is located in the former IBM Aerospace Headquarters at 9045 Lincoln Boulevard in Westchester, Los Angeles.\nThe school's programs, accredited by WASC and National Association of Schools of Art and Design, include four-year BFA degrees in illustration, fine arts, graphic design, architecture, landscape design, interior design, fashion design, digital media, toy design, and product design. It also offers MFA degrees in fine arts, graphic design, public practice, and writing. Undergraduate students choose a major in their second year, after completing a battery of traditional drawing, painting, composition, and construction classes in their first or \"Foundation\" year. In addition to studio work, standard liberal arts courses are required, although traditional history courses are replaced by art history.", "Q13409231": "Atari, Inc. was an American video game developer and home computer company founded in 1972 by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney. Primarily responsible for the formation of the video arcade and modern video game industry, the company was closed and its assets split in 1984 as a direct result of the video game crash of 1983.", "Q436285": "The AVN (Adult Video News) Hall of Fame has honored people for their work in the adult entertainment industry since 1995. The individuals inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame have \"made significant contributions to the adult industry\" and have had \"a minimum of 10 years in the industry\" to be considered for induction.There are several branches of the AVN Hall of Fame; performers and directors enter the original AVN, video-based Hall of Fame. The Founders branch is \"for those who founded the industry\u2019s pioneering companies\". The Internet Founders Branch is \"for those who built the online sector\" of the industry. The Pleasure Products branch is \"for manufacturers, distributors, and retailers of sex toys\"; The Executive branch is \"for key members of the industry who work behind the scenes in the corporate offices or excelled in other capacities\u2014for example, in sales, marketing, or education\".\n\n", "Q1071": "Geography (from Greek: \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1, geographia, literally \"earth description\") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets. The first person to use the word \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 was Eratosthenes (276\u2013194 BCE). Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of Earth and its human and natural complexities\u2014not merely where objects are, but also how they have changed and come to be.\nGeography is often defined in terms of two branches: human geography and physical geography. Human geography deals with the study of people and their communities, cultures, economies, and interactions with the environment by studying their relations with and across space and place. Physical geography deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.\nThe four historical traditions in geographical research are spatial analyses of natural and the human phenomena, area studies of places and regions, studies of human-land relationships, and the Earth sciences. Geography has been called \"the world discipline\" and \"the bridge between the human and the physical sciences\".", "Q1508608": "George Dunton Widener (June 16, 1861 \u2013 April 15, 1912) was an American businessman who died in the sinking of the RMS Titanic.\n\n", "Q108836": "Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Ru\u00dfwurm (also known as Carl Friedrich Wilhelm or just von Ru\u00dfwurm; 25 November 1812 in Ratzeburg, Germany \u2013 17 February 1883 in Reval (Tallinn), Estonia) was a German-Estonian pedagogue, ethnologist and historian.", "Q140696": "James Hargreaves (c. 1720 \u2013 22 April 1778) was a weaver, carpenter and inventor who lived and worked in Lancashire, England. He was one of three men responsible for the mechanisation of spinning: Hargreaves is credited with inventing the spinning jenny in 1764; Richard Arkwright patented the water frame in 1769; and Samuel Crompton combined the two, creating the spinning mule in 1779.", "Q55275": "Urania Mella Serrano, (Vigo, 1900 - Lugo, 1945) was a Galician politician, and forerunner of the women's associationism. Her father was the anarchist intellectual Ricardo Mella Cea, and her mother, Esperanza Serrano, was the daughter of Juan Serrano Oteiza, a well-known anarchist from Madrid and founder of the magazine Revista Social. Urania was president of the viguese branch of the Union of Antifascist Women.", "Q395013": "Agnostic Front is an American hardcore punk band from New York City. Founded in 1980, the band is considered an important influence to the New York hardcore scene, as well as for pioneering the crossover thrash genre.", "Q126513": "Stephen Robert Irwin (22 February 1962 \u2013 4 September 2006), nicknamed \"The Crocodile Hunter\", was an Australian zookeeper, television personality, wildlife expert, environmentalist and conservationist.\nIrwin achieved worldwide fame from the television series The Crocodile Hunter (1996\u20132007), an internationally broadcast wildlife documentary series which he co-hosted with his wife Terri. Together, the couple also hosted the series Croc Files (1999\u20132001), The Crocodile Hunter Diaries (2002\u20132006), and New Breed Vets (2005). They also co-owned and operated Australia Zoo, founded by Irwin's parents in Beerwah, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of the Queensland state capital city of Brisbane.\nIrwin died on September 4, 2006, after being pierced in the chest by a stingray barb while filming in Australia's Great Barrier Reef. His death became international news and was met with expressions of shock and grief by fans, the media, governments, non-profit organizations, and other celebrities. Numerous parks, zoos, streets, and an asteroid have been named in his honor. The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society named its island-class patrol vessel MY Steve Irwin after Irwin. His widow Terri Irwin, with whom he had two children, continues to operate Australia Zoo.", "Q967325": "Michael \u201cMisha\u201d Kogan (January 1, 1920 \u2013 February 5, 1984) was a Ukrainian Jewish businessman who founded the Japanese video game company Taito.", "Q544607": "The Blood of Others (French: \"Le sang des autres\") is a 1984 drama film directed by Claude Chabrol. It is based on the 1945 novel The Blood of Others by Simone de Beauvoir. The film was originally made as a three-hour television mini-series and then recut down 40 minutes for a theatrical release.", "Q1767263": "Dennis Marty Brown (born July 25, 1965 in Maceo, Kentucky) is an American country music artist. Active between 1991 and 1996, he has released six studio albums and has charted one single on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. Marty Brown and his wife, Shellie, currently reside in Simpson County, Franklin, Kentucky since July 2004.\n\n", "Q8733": "The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing ([t\u0255\u02b0\u00ed\u014b]), was the last imperial dynasty of China. It was established in 1636, and ruled China proper from 1644 to 1912. It was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The Qing multi-cultural empire lasted for almost three centuries and formed the territorial base for modern China. It was the fifth largest empire in world history. The dynasty was founded by the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria. In the late sixteenth century, Nurhaci, originally a Ming vassal, began organizing \"Banners\", military-social units that included Manchu, Han, and Mongol elements. Nurhaci united Manchu clans and officially proclaimed the Later Jin dynasty in 1616. His son Hong Taiji began driving Ming forces out of the Liaodong Peninsula and declared a new dynasty, the Qing, in 1636.\nAs Ming control disintegrated, peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng conquered the capital, Beijing, in 1644. Ming general Wu Sangui refused to serve them, but opened the Shanhai Pass to the Banner Armies led by the regent Prince Dorgon, who defeated the rebels and seized the capital. Dorgon served as Prince Regent under the Shunzhi Emperor and implemented policies of rule. Resistance from the Ming loyalists in the south and the Revolt of the Three Feudatories led by Wu Sangui delayed complete conquest until 1683 under the Kangxi Emperor (1661\u20131722). The Ten Great Campaigns of the Qianlong Emperor from the 1750s to the 1790s extended Qing control into Inner Asia. During the peak of the Qing dynasty, the empire ruled over the entirety of today's Mainland China, Hainan, Taiwan, Mongolia, Outer Manchuria and Outer Northwest China. \nThe early Qing rulers maintained their Manchu customs, and while their title was Emperor, they used \"Bogd khaan\" when dealing with the Mongols and they were patrons of Tibetan Buddhism. They governed using Confucian styles and institutions of bureaucratic government and retained the imperial examinations to recruit Han Chinese to work under or in parallel with Manchus. They also adapted the ideals of the Chinese tributary system in asserting superiority over peripheral countries such as Korea and Vietnam, while annexing neighboring territories such as Tibet and Mongolia.\nThe dynasty reached its high point in the late 18th century, then gradually declined in the face of challenges from abroad, internal revolts, population growth, disruption of the economy, corruption, and the reluctance of ruling elites to change their mindsets. The population rose to some 400 million, but taxes and government revenues were fixed at a low rate, leading to fiscal crisis. Following the Opium Wars, European powers led by Great Britain imposed \"unequal treaties\", free trade, extraterritoriality and treaty ports under foreign control. The Taiping Rebellion (1850\u20131864) and the Dungan Revolt (1862\u20131877) in Central Asia led to the deaths of some 20 million people, due to famine, disease, and war. In spite of these disasters, in the Tongzhi Restoration of the 1860s, Han Chinese elites rallied to the defense of the Confucian order and the Manchu rulers. The initial gains in the Self-Strengthening Movement were lost in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1895, in which the Qing lost its influence over Korea and the possession of Taiwan. New Armies were organized, but the ambitious Hundred Days' Reform of 1898 was turned back in a coup by the conservative Empress Dowager Cixi (1835\u20131908), who was the dominant voice in the national government (with one interruption) after 1861. When the Scramble for Concessions by foreign powers triggered the violently anti-foreign \"Boxers\" in 1900, with many foreigners and Christians killed, the foreign powers invaded China. Cixi sided with the Boxers and was decisively defeated by the eight invading powers, leading to the flight of the Imperial Court to Xi'an.\nAfter agreeing to sign the Boxer Protocol, the government initiated unprecedented fiscal and administrative reforms, including elections, a new legal code, and abolition of the examination system. Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries competed with constitutional monarchists such as Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao to transform the Qing Empire into a modern nation. After the deaths of the Guangxu Emperor and Cixi in 1908, the hardline Manchu court alienated reformers and local elites alike by obstructing social reform. The Wuchang Uprising on 11 October 1911 led to the Xinhai Revolution. General Yuan Shikai negotiated the abdication of Puyi, the last emperor, on 12 February 1912. Thereafter, Qing troops were defeated in Tibet and Xinjiang, too.", "Q98213": "Rita von Gaudecker (born Rita von Blittersdorf: 14 April 1879 - 18 March 1968) was a German author who produced many books for children and young people, also contributing on religious topics. She also became engaged in social work, founding the \"Helferbund Rita von Gaudecker\" welfare support organisation in 1945.", "Q97120": "Moritz Karl Georg Wiggers (October 17, 1816 - July 30, 1894), German politician, started out as a lawyer and a notary in his home town of Rostock. The Revolution of 1848 prompted him to enter public life as a representative to the Mecklenburg constitutional convention, of which he was also elected president. Once the constitution was adopted in 1849, he was elected to its legislature, again being named president. A court of arbitration in Freienwalde declared the constitution as invalid, and the legislature was dissolved in 1850. Wiggers regarded this action as illegal and called the legislature to meet again, but this was prevented by force. He was also tried for aiding the flight of Gottfried Kinkel from Spandau prison, but was acquitted. Nevertheless, he was caught up by the \"Rostock high-treason proceedings.\" A police agent had infiltrated Wiggers' democratic club, and in 1853, he was tried for conspiracy and imprisoned. On his release in 1857, he remained a private citizen for a decade. In 1867, he was elected as representative from the third Berlin precinct (not being permitted to run in Mecklenburg) to the Reichstag of the North German Confederation. In 1871, he was elected as representative, from Berlin and Mecklenburg, to the German Reichstag. There he served with the German Progressive Party until 1881. After this time, he devoted himself to the construction of a canal between Rostock and Berlin. He was the author of several historical studies, political pamphlets and reports on the progress of the canal. His outstanding traits were his unyielding commitment to his liberal convictions and his peaceable nature.", "Q940942": "Enrico Ferri (Italian pronunciation: [en\u02c8ri\u02d0ko \u02c8f\u025brri]; 25 February 1856 \u2013 12 April 1929) was an Italian criminologist, socialist and student of Cesare Lombroso (['t\u0283e:zare lom'bro:zo]), the founder of the Italian school of criminology. While Lombroso researched the purported physiological factors that motivated criminals, Ferri investigated social and economic aspects. He served as editor of the socialist daily Avanti! and, in 1884, saw his book Criminal Sociology published. Later, his work served as the basis for Argentina\u2019s penal code of 1921. Although at first he rejected the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, Ferri later became one of Mussolini and his National Fascist Party's main external supporters.", "Q179017": "The Plot to Assassinate Hitler (German: Der 20. Juli) is a 1955 German feature film produced by CCC Film on the failed 20 July 1944 attempt to kill Adolf Hitler. Falk Harnack directed and co-wrote the film's script with G\u00fcnther Weisenborn. Wolfgang Preiss won the German Federal Film Award for his role as the rebel army officer, Claus von Stauffenberg. The film has a realism that comes close to the style of a documentary. \nThe Plot to Assassinate Hitler was released in the same year as G.W. Pabst's film, Es geschah am 20. Juli, (English title, Jackboot Mutiny), which deals with the same subject.", "Q35581": "Hokkaido (\u5317\u6d77\u9053, Hokkaid\u014d, lit.\u2009'\"Northern Sea Circuit\"'; Japanese: [hok\u02d0a\ua71cido\u02d0] (listen), English: ) is the second largest island of Japan, and the largest and northernmost prefecture. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaido from Honshu. It was formerly known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso. The two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel. The largest city on Hokkaido is its capital, Sapporo, which is also its only ordinance-designated city. About 43 kilometers (26 mi) north of Hokkaido lies Sakhalin Island and to the east and northeast are the Kuril Islands, which are administered by Russia, although the four most southerly are claimed by Japan\u2014see Kuril Islands dispute.", "Q44378": "Paul Donald Wight II (born February 8, 1972) is an American professional wrestler and actor. He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the Raw brand under the ring name Big Show. \nWight began his career in 1994. In 1995, he signed with World Championship Wrestling (WCW), where thanks to his very large frame he was known by the ring name The Giant, initially introduced as \"the son of Andr\u00e9 the Giant\". In 1999, he signed a contract with World Wrestling Federation (WWF). Between WWF/WWE and WCW, he is a seven-time world champion, having held the WCW World Heavyweight Championship twice, the WWF/WWE Championship twice, WWE's World Heavyweight Championship twice and the ECW World Heavyweight Championship once (he is the only man to have held all four of those particular titles). Wight has also found success in the tag team division, having been an 11-time world tag team champion, holding the WWF/World, WWE and WCW World Tag Team Championships multiple times with various tag team partners. Having also won the Intercontinental, United States and Hardcore championships, he is the 24th Triple Crown and 12th Grand Slam winner in WWE history, he has also won 60-man battle royal at World War 3 and the 30-man Andr\u00e9 the Giant Memorial Battle Royal at WrestleMania 31. Wight has headlined multiple pay-per-view events for WCW and WWF/WWE since 1995, including the 2000 edition of WWE's premier annual event, WrestleMania.Outside of professional wrestling, Wight has appeared in feature films and television series such as Jingle All the Way, The Waterboy, Star Trek: Enterprise, and two USA Network's comedy-dramas Royal Pains, Psych and the action-drama Burn Notice. In 2010, he had his first lead role, in the comedy film Knucklehead, which was produced by WWE Studios.", "Q87333": "Simon Schwarz (born 10 January 1971 in Vienna) is an Austrian actor. He has appeared in more than seventy films since 1996.", "Q315175": "The Hochschule f\u00fcr Grafik und Buchkunst / Academy of Fine Arts Leipzig (HGB) is one of the oldest art schools in Germany, dating back to 1764. The school has four colleges specialising in fine arts, graphic design, photography and new media art.It is the home of two notable modern art movements, the so-called Leipziger Schule and the Neue Leipziger Schule.", "Q2096585": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (Azerbaijani: Telman M\u0259rdan o\u011flu \u0130smay\u0131lov, Russian: \u0422\u0435\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0418\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of mountain Jews origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.\n\n", "Q871235": "Marc Augier (nom de plume: Saint-Loup) (19 March 1908 in Bordeaux \u2013 16 December 1990 in Paris) was a French anti-capitalist, later turned into fascist, politician, writer and mountaineer.", "Q93346": "The Who are an English rock band formed in London in 1964. Their original line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist John Entwistle and drummer Keith Moon. They are considered one of the most influential rock bands of the 20th century, selling over 100 million records worldwide.\nThe Who developed from an earlier group, the Detours, and established themselves as part of the pop art and mod movements, featuring auto-destructive art by destroying guitars and drums on stage. Their first single as the Who, \"I Can't Explain\", reached the UK top ten, and was followed by a string of singles including \"My Generation\", \"Substitute\" and \"Happy Jack\". In 1967, they performed at the Monterey Pop Festival and released the US top ten single \"I Can See for Miles\", while touring extensively. The group's fourth album, 1969's rock opera Tommy, included the single \"Pinball Wizard\" and was a critical and commercial success. Live appearances at Woodstock in August 1969, and the Isle of Wight Festival in 1970, along with the live album Live at Leeds in 1970, cemented their reputation as a respected rock act. With their success came increased pressure on lead songwriter Townshend, and the follow-up to Tommy, Lifehouse, was abandoned. Songs from the project made up 1971's Who's Next, which included the hit \"Won't Get Fooled Again\". The group released the album Quadrophenia in 1973 as a celebration of their mod roots, and oversaw the film adaptation of Tommy in 1975. They continued to tour to large audiences before semi-retiring from live performances at the end of 1976. The release of Who Are You in 1978 was overshadowed by the death of Moon shortly after.\nKenney Jones replaced Moon and the group resumed activity, releasing a film adaptation of Quadrophenia and the retrospective documentary The Kids Are Alright. After Townshend became weary of touring, the group split in 1983. The Who occasionally re-formed for live appearances such as Live Aid in 1985, a 25th anniversary tour in 1989 and a tour of Quadrophenia in 1996\u20131997. They resumed regular touring in 1999, with drummer Zak Starkey. After Entwistle's death in 2002, plans for a new album were delayed. Townshend and Daltrey continued as the Who, releasing Endless Wire in 2006, and continue to play live regularly, with Starkey, bassists Pino Palladino (2006\u20132017) and Jon Button (2017\u2013present), and guitarist Simon Townshend (Pete's brother) serving as touring players. In 2019, they toured with a complete symphony orchestra, which also supported the release of Who, their twelfth album.\nThe Who's major contributions to rock music include the development of the Marshall stack, large PA systems, use of the synthesizer, Entwistle and Moon's lead playing styles, Townshend's feedback and power chord guitar technique, and the development of the rock opera. They are cited as an influence by hard rock, punk rock and mod bands, and their songs still receive regular exposure.", "Q220864": "Vicente Le\u00f1ero Otero (June 9, 1933 \u2013 December 3, 2014) was a Mexican novelist, journalist, and playwright. He wrote numerous books, stories, and plays, including a theatrical adaptation of Oscar Lewis's The Children of Sanchez. He was awarded the Premio Xavier Villaurrutia in 2001, and the following year he received the Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes de M\u00e9xico (National Prize of Arts and Sciences) for literature and linguistics.", "Q434492": "Billy Vera (born William Patrick McCord; May 28, 1944) is an American singer, songwriter, actor, author and music historian. He has been a singer and songwriter since the 1960s, his most successful record being \"At This Moment\", a US number 1 hit in 1987. He continues to perform with his group Billy Vera & The Beaters, and won a Grammy Award in 2013.", "Q4109": "Christopher Julius Rock (born February 7, 1965) is an American comedian, actor, writer, producer, and director.\nAfter working as a stand-up comedian and appearing in supporting film roles, Rock came to wider prominence as a cast member of Saturday Night Live in the early 1990s. He went on to more prominent film appearances, with starring roles in Down to Earth (2001), Head of State (2003), The Longest Yard (2005), the Madagascar film series (2005\u20132012), Grown Ups (2010), its sequel Grown Ups 2 (2013), Top Five (2014), and a series of acclaimed stand-up specials for HBO. He developed, wrote, and narrated the sitcom Everybody Hates Chris (2005\u20132009), which was based on his early life.\nRock hosted the Academy Awards twice, in 2005 and in 2016. He has won four Emmy Awards and three Grammy Awards. He was voted the fifth-greatest stand-up comedian in a poll conducted by Comedy Central. He was also voted in the United Kingdom as the ninth-greatest stand-up comic on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups in 2007, and again in the updated 2010 list as the eighth-greatest stand-up comic.\n\n", "Q57462": "Konrad Ernst Eduard Henlein (6 May 1898 \u2013 10 May 1945) was a leading Sudeten German politician in Czechoslovakia. Upon the German occupation he joined the Nazi Party as well as the SS and was appointed Reichsstatthalter of the Sudetenland in 1939.", "Q78481": "Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (1 April 1865 \u2013 23 September 1929) was an Austrian-Hungarian chemist. He was known for his research in colloids, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1925. The crater Zsigmondy on the Moon is named in his honour.", "Q83155": "Jacques-Louis David (French: [\u0292aklwi david]; 30 August 1748 \u2013 29 December 1825) was a French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the preeminent painter of the era. In the 1780s his cerebral brand of history painting marked a change in taste away from Rococo frivolity toward classical austerity and severity and heightened feeling, harmonizing with the moral climate of the final years of the Ancien R\u00e9gime.\nDavid later became an active supporter of the French Revolution and friend of Maximilien Robespierre (1758\u20131794), and was effectively a dictator of the arts under the French Republic. Imprisoned after Robespierre's fall from power, he aligned himself with yet another political regime upon his release: that of Napoleon, The First Consul of France. At this time he developed his Empire style, notable for its use of warm Venetian colours. After Napoleon's fall from Imperial power and the Bourbon revival, David exiled himself to Brussels, then in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, where he remained until his death. David had a large number of pupils, making him the strongest influence in French art of the early 19th century, especially academic Salon painting.", "Q271395": "Scranton is the sixth-largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is the county seat and largest city of Lackawanna County in Northeastern Pennsylvania's Wyoming Valley and hosts a federal court building for the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. With a population of 77,291, it is the largest city in the Scranton\u2013Wilkes-Barre\u2013Hazleton, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of about 570,000. The city is conventionally divided into 8 districts: North Scranton, Southside, Westside, the Hill Section, Central City, Minooka, East Mountain, and Green Ridge, though these areas do not have legal status.\nScranton is the geographic and cultural center of the Lackawanna River valley and Northeastern Pennsylvania, and the largest of the former anthracite coal mining communities in a contiguous quilt-work that also includes Wilkes-Barre, Nanticoke, Pittston, and Carbondale. Scranton was incorporated on February 14, 1856, as a borough in Luzerne County and as a city on April 23, 1866. It became a major industrial city, a center of mining and railroads, and attracted thousands of new immigrants. It was the site of the Scranton General Strike in 1877.\nPeople in northern Luzerne County sought a new county in 1839 but the Wilkes-Barre area resisted losing its assets. Lackawanna County did not gain independent status until 1878. Under legislation allowing the issue to be voted by residents of the proposed territory, voters favored the new county by a proportion of 6 to 1, with Scranton residents providing the major support. The city was designated as the county seat when Lackawanna County was established in 1878, and a judicial district was authorized in July 1879.\nThe city's nickname \"Electric City\" began when electric lights were introduced in 1880 at the Dickson Manufacturing Company. Six years later, the United States's first streetcars powered only by electricity began operating in the city. Rev. David Spencer, a local Baptist minister, later proclaimed Scranton as the \"Electric City\".The city's industrial production and population peaked in the 1930s and 1940s, fueled by demand for coal and textiles, especially during World War II. But while the national economy boomed after the war, demand for the region's coal declined as other forms of energy became more popular, which also harmed the rail industry. Foreseeing the decline, city leaders formulated the Scranton Plan in 1945 to diversify the local economy beyond coal, but the city's economy continued to decline. The Knox Mine disaster of 1959 essentially ended coal mining in the region. Scranton's population dropped from its peak of 143,000 in 1930 census to 88,000 in the 1980 census. The city's economy and population stabilized in the 1980s and 1990s. The city now has large health care and manufacturing sectors.", "Q381066": "James Thomas Dauterive (; born June 22, 1957) is an American animation producer and writer, widely known for his work on King of the Hill (1997\u20132010) and Bob's Burgers (2011\u2013present).", "Q217010": "The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, commonly referred to as Eclipse, is a 2010 American romantic fantasy film based on Stephenie Meyer's 2007 novel Eclipse. It is the third installment of The Twilight Saga film series, following 2008's Twilight and 2009's New Moon. Summit Entertainment greenlit the film in February 2009. Directed by David Slade, the film stars Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner, reprising their roles as Bella Swan, Edward Cullen, and Jacob Black, respectively. Melissa Rosenberg, who penned the scripts for both Twilight and New Moon, returned as screenwriter.\nFilming began on August 17, 2009, at Vancouver Film Studios, and finished in late October, with post-production began early the following month. Bryce Dallas Howard was cast as Victoria, replacing Rachelle Lefevre who previously played her.\nThe film was released worldwide on June 30, 2010 in theaters, and became the first Twilight film to be released in IMAX. The film has received mixed reception from critics. It held the record for biggest midnight opening in the United States and Canada in box office history, grossing an estimated $30 million, until it was surpassed by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2 in 2011. The film then scored the biggest Wednesday opening in the United States and Canada history with $68,533,840 beating Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen's $62 million. Eclipse has also become the film with the widest independent release, playing in over 4,416 theaters, surpassing its predecessor, The Twilight Saga: New Moon, which held the record since November 2009.", "Q2484376": "Thriller film, also known as suspense film or suspense thriller, is a broad film genre that evokes excitement and suspense in the audience. The suspense element found in most films' plots is particularly exploited by the filmmaker in this genre. Tension is created by delaying what the audience sees as inevitable, and is built through situations that are menacing or where escape seems impossible.The cover-up of important information from the viewer, and fight and chase scenes are common methods. Life is typically threatened in a thriller film, such as when the protagonist does not realize that they are entering a dangerous situation. Thriller films' characters conflict with each other or with an outside force, which can sometimes be abstract. The protagonist is usually set against a problem, such as an escape, a mission, or a mystery.Thriller films are typically hybridized with other genres; hybrids commonly including: action thrillers, adventure thrillers, fantasy and science fiction thrillers. Thriller films also share a close relationship with horror films, both eliciting tension. In plots about crime, thriller films focus less on the criminal or the detective and more on generating suspense. Common themes include, terrorism, political conspiracy, pursuit and romantic triangles leading to murder.In 2001, the American Film Institute made its selection of the top 100 greatest American \"heart-pounding\" and \"adrenaline-inducing\" films of all time. The 400 nominated films had to be American-made films whose thrills have \"enlivened and enriched America's film heritage\". AFI also asked jurors to consider \"the total adrenaline-inducing impact of a film's artistry and craft\".", "Q85524": "Dagmar Roth-Behrendt (born 21 February 1953, in Frankfurt am Main) is a German lawyer who served as Member of the European Parliament. She was elected on the SPD ticket and sat with the Party of European Socialists group.", "Q122775": "Kazimierz Damazy Moczarski (July 21, 1907 \u2013 September 27, 1975) was a Polish writer and journalist, officer of the Polish Home Army (noms de guerre: Borsuk, Grawer, Maurycy, and Rafa\u0142; active in anti-Nazi resistance). Kazimierz Moczarski is primarily known for his book Conversations with an Executioner, a series of interviews with a fellow inmate of the notorious UB secret police prison under Stalinism, the Nazi war criminal J\u00fcrgen Stroop, who was soon to be executed. Thrown in jail in 1945 and pardoned eleven years later during Polish October, Moczarski spent four years on death row (1952\u201356), and was tried three times as an enemy of the state while in prison.", "Q594156": "Robert M. Parker Jr. (born July 23, 1947) is a U.S. wine critic. His wine ratings on a 100-point scale and his newsletter The Wine Advocate are influential in American wine buying and are therefore a major factor in setting the prices for newly released Bordeaux wines. This made him the most widely known and influential wine critic in the world.", "Q29816": "Mother (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0442\u044c, translit. Mat, also known as Zapreshchyonnye lyudi) is a 1990 Soviet drama film based on Maxim Gorky's 1906 novel The Mother, directed by Gleb Panfilov and co-produced with Italy. It was entered into the 1990 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q270935": "Christopher John Cornell (n\u00e9 Boyle; July 20, 1964 \u2013 May 18, 2017) was an American singer, songwriter, and musician, best known as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist for the rock bands Soundgarden and Audioslave, and for his numerous solo works and soundtrack contributions. Cornell was also the founder and frontman of Temple of the Dog, a one-off tribute band dedicated to his late friend Andrew Wood.\nCornell is considered one of the chief architects of the 1990s grunge movement, and is well known for his extensive catalog as a songwriter, his nearly four-octave vocal range, and his powerful vocal belting technique. He released four solo studio albums, Euphoria Morning (1999), Carry On (2007), Scream (2009), and Higher Truth (2015); the live album Songbook (2011); and two compilations, The Roads We Choose (2007) and Chris Cornell (2018), the latter released posthumously. He received a Golden Globe Award nomination for his song \"The Keeper\", which appeared in the 2011 film Machine Gun Preacher, and co-wrote and performed \"You Know My Name\", the theme song to the 2006 James Bond film Casino Royale. His last solo release before his death was the charity single \"The Promise\", written for the ending credits for the 2016 film of the same name.\nAcross his entire catalog, Cornell sold 14.8 million albums, 8.8 million digital songs, and 300 million on-demand audio streams in the U.S. alone, as well as over 30 million records worldwide. He was nominated for 16 Grammy Awards, winning three. He was voted \"Rock's Greatest Singer\" by readers of Guitar World, and ranked No. 4 on the list of \"Heavy Metal's All-Time Top 100 Vocalists\" by Hit Parader, No. 9 on the list of \"Best Lead Singers of All Time\" by Rolling Stone, and No. 12 on MTV's \"22 Greatest Voices in Music\".Cornell struggled with depression for most of his life. He was found dead in his Detroit hotel room in the early hours of May 18, 2017, after performing at a Soundgarden concert an hour earlier at the Fox Theatre. His death was ruled a suicide by hanging.", "Q236960": "Heather Nova (born Heather Allison Frith, July 6, 1967) is a Bermudian singer-songwriter and poet. As of 2019, she has released ten full-length albums, six EPs and twelve singles.", "Q861998": "Bill Carter is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and member of the Austin Music Hall of Fame. He is best known for co-writing \"Crossfire\" and \"Willie The Wimp\", recorded by Stevie Ray Vaughan; \"Why Get Up?\", recorded by The Fabulous Thunderbirds; and \"Jacksboro Highway\", recorded by John Mayall. Carter's songs have been covered by other blues, country, and rock artists including Waylon Jennings, Robert Palmer, Ruth Brown, Stray Cats, and Counting Crows.\n\n", "Q623624": "Thomas Keith Glennan (September 8, 1905 \u2013 April 11, 1995) was the first Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, serving from August 19, 1958 to January 20, 1961.", "Q4048611": "Russia Beyond is a multilingual publication operated by \"autonomous non-profit organization TV-Novosti,\" offering news, comment, opinion and analysis on culture, politics, business, science and public life in Russia.", "Q1648294": "Tim Hart is also the name of the original Theory of a Deadman drummer.Tim Hart (9 January 1948 \u2013 24 December 2009) was an English folk singer and multi-instrumentalist, best known as a founding member of British folk rock band Steeleye Span.\n\n", "Q241530": "Christine Keiko Agena (born October 3, 1973) is an American actress. She currently plays NYPD medical examiner Dr. Edrisa Tanaka on FOX's crime drama Prodigal Son.", "Q1357631": "Mendi Mengjiqi is a Kosovar Albanian composer, author of the National anthem of Kosovo, \"Europe\". He was born in Lup\u00e7, District of Pristina, Kosovo.", "Q238795": "Anne Erin \"Annie\" Clark (born September 28, 1982), known professionally as St. Vincent, is an American singer-songwriter and record producer.\nSt. Vincent began her music career as a member of the Polyphonic Spree. She was also a member of Sufjan Stevens's touring band, before forming her own band in 2006. Her debut album is Marry Me (2007), followed by Actor (2009), Strange Mercy (2011), St. Vincent (2014), and Masseduction (2017). She released a collaborative album with David Byrne in 2012 titled Love This Giant.\nSt. Vincent contributed backing vocals for Swans on their 2014 album To Be Kind. Her fourth solo album, St. Vincent, was released that same year and was named album of the year by The Guardian, Entertainment Weekly, NME and Slant, as well as second best album of the year by Time. The album won her a Grammy for Best Alternative Album, her first Grammy Award. She was the first solo female performer in 20 years to win a Grammy in that category. In 2018, St. Vincent was included twice in NPR's \"200 Greatest songs by 21st Century Women\" at number 181 with \"Digital Witness\" and number 38 with \"Cruel\".", "Q381700": "Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece, RE (Greek: \u03a0\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2; born 20 May 1967) is the eldest son and second child of Constantine II, the last King of Greece from 1964 to 1973 and his wife, Anne-Marie of Denmark. Pavlos was heir apparent to the throne of Greece and was its crown prince from birth, remaining so during his father's reign until the monarchy's abolition. As a male-line descendant of Christian IX of Denmark, he is also a Danish prince.", "Q229840": "Edna Ann Proulx (; born August 22, 1935) is an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. She has written most frequently as Annie Proulx but has also used the names E. Annie Proulx and E.A. Proulx.She won the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction for her first novel, Postcards. Her second novel, The Shipping News (1993), won both the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction and was adapted as a 2001 film of the same name. Her short story \"Brokeback Mountain\" was adapted as an Academy Award, BAFTA and Golden Globe Award-winning major motion picture released in 2005.", "Q124462": "Meyer Guggenheim ( GUUG-\u0259n-hyme, German: [\u02c8ma\u026a\u0259r \u02c8\u0261\u028ak\u0259nha\u026am]; February 1, 1828 \u2013 March 15, 1905) was the patriarch of what became known as the Guggenheim family, which became one of the world's wealthiest families during the 19th century, and remained so during the 20th.", "Q721741": "Bj\u00f8rn Bj\u00f8rnson (15 November 1859 \u2013 14 May 1942) was a Norwegian stage actor and theatre director.", "Q153832": "Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi (Italian: [al\u02c8t\u0283i\u02d0de de \u02c8\u0261asperi]; 3 April 1881 \u2013 19 August 1954) was an Italian statesman who founded the Christian Democracy party and served as Prime Minister of Italy in eight successive coalition governments from 1945 to 1953.De Gasperi was the last Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy, serving under both Victor Emmanuel III and Umberto II. He was also the first Prime Minister of the Italian Republic, and also briefly served as provisional head of state after the Italian people voted to end the monarchy and establish a republic. His eight-year term in office remains a landmark of political longevity for a leader in modern Italian politics. De Gasperi is the fifth longest-serving Prime Minister since the Italian Unification.\nA devout Catholic, he was one of the founding fathers of the European Union along with fellow Italian Altiero Spinelli.\n\n", "Q11351": "Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties and reactions of organic compounds, which contain carbon in covalent bonding. Study of structure determines their chemical composition and formula. Study of properties includes physical and chemical properties, and evaluation of chemical reactivity to understand their behavior. The study of organic reactions includes the chemical synthesis of natural products, drugs, and polymers, and study of individual organic molecules in the laboratory and via theoretical (in silico) study.\nThe range of chemicals studied in organic chemistry includes hydrocarbons (compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen) as well as compounds based on carbon, but also containing other elements, especially oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus (included in many biochemicals) and the halogens. Organometallic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon\u2013metal bonds.\nIn addition, contemporary research focuses on organic chemistry involving other organometallics including the lanthanides, but especially the transition metals zinc, copper, palladium, nickel, cobalt, titanium and chromium.\n\nOrganic compounds form the basis of all earthly life and constitute the majority of known chemicals. The bonding patterns of carbon, with its valence of four\u2014formal single, double, and triple bonds, plus structures with delocalized electrons\u2014make the array of organic compounds structurally diverse, and their range of applications enormous. They form the basis of, or are constituents of, many commercial products including pharmaceuticals; petrochemicals and agrichemicals, and products made from them including lubricants, solvents; plastics; fuels and explosives. The study of organic chemistry overlaps organometallic chemistry and biochemistry, but also with medicinal chemistry, polymer chemistry, and materials science.", "Q172624": "Massimo Natili (July 28, 1935 \u2013 September 19, 2017) was a racing driver from Italy. He participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on July 15, 1961. He scored no championship points.", "Q933012": "Nikolay Alexandrovich Alexeyev (also spelled as Alekseyev, Alekseev, or Alexeev (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432) born on 23 December 1977) is a Russian LGBT rights activist, lawyer, and journalist.\nOn 21 October 2010 Nikolay Alexeyev won the first ever case at the European Court of Human Rights on LGBT human rights violations in Russia. The Strasbourg-based court unanimously ruled that by banning three Moscow Prides in 2006, 2007 and 2008 Russia breached three articles of the European Convention on Human Rights. In January 2011 Russian Government asked the Court to refer the case for re-consideration to the Grand Chamber. On 11 April 2011 five judges panel of the European Court dismissed Russia's appeal and the verdict on illegality of Moscow Pride bans came into force the same day.Since 2005 Nikolay Alexeyev is known as the founder and chief organizer of Moscow Pride, which is officially banned year after year by city authorities. Together with the activists of his advocate group Russian LGBT Human Rights Project GayRussia.Ru, Nikolay Alexeyev attempted to organize a large number of public actions to defend the rights of sexual minorities in Russia. For five years none of the LGBT public actions for which he and his fellow activists required the permission of the Russian authorities was allowed to take place. On 1 October 2010 he was for the first time ever authorized to organize a sanctioned picketing in Moscow with the aim to call for economic boycott of Swiss Air Lines due to its role in the arrest of Nikolay Alexeyev at Moscow Domodedovo airport on 15 September 2010.Alexeyev is fluent in Russian and English and also has a grasp of French. His blog reports that since the year 2000 he visited 49 countries. He took part in Gay pride parades in different cities of the world: London, Paris, Zurich, Geneva, Turin, Vancouver, Sao Paulo and Warsaw.\nIn 2007 Alexeyev produced the documentary Moscow Pride '06, which features the events around the first Moscow Gay Pride Festival from 25\u201328 May 2006. This documentary was included in the official programme of Berlin Film Festival in \"Panorama\" section in February 2007. Alexeyev and film director Vladimir Ivanov have accumulated hundreds of hours of Russian LGBT events footage. The 2008 documentary film East/West - Sex & Politics, by director Jochen Hick, included in the official programme of Berlin Film Festival in \"Panorama\" section in February 2008, follows Alexeyev's attempts to organise the 2007 Moscow Gay Pride Festival.Canadian award-winning documentary film by Bob Christie Beyond Gay: The Politics of Pride features the organisation of the third Moscow Pride in 2008 by Nikolay Alexeyev and his fellow activists. It also contains footage of Alexeyev's participation in the Gay Parade in Sao Paulo in May 2008 and images of his arrest during first Moscow Pride on 27 May 2006.In June 2009 French TV channel France 4 aired the programme \"Global Resistance\" featuring an 11 minute report about the activities of Nikolay Alexeyev and his fellow activists from Russia and Belarus organizing first Slavic Gay Pride in Moscow on the day of the Eurovision Song Contest final on 16 May 2009.2011 Australian documentary by Logan Mucha features the attempts to organize Slavic Gay Pride in Minsk, Belarus, in May 2010 and the role played by Alexeyev.", "Q207": "George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party, he had previously served as the 46th governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. Born into the Bush family, his father, George H. W. Bush, served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993. \nBush is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush, and the second son to become the American president after his father, the first being John Quincy Adams. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, he worked in the oil industry. Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives shortly thereafter. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election. Bush was elected president of the United States in 2000 when he defeated Democratic incumbent Vice President Al Gore after a narrow and contested win that involved a Supreme Court decision to stop a recount in Florida. He became the fourth person to be elected president while receiving fewer popular votes than his opponent.\nIn response to the September 11 terrorist attacks, Bush launched a \"War on Terror\" that began with the war in Afghanistan in 2001. He proceeded to also launch the Iraq War in 2003. Signature legislation passed during his presidency included broad tax cuts, the Patriot Act, the No Child Left Behind Act, the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, the Medicare Modernization Act, and funding for the AIDS relief program known as PEPFAR. In the 2004 presidential race, Bush defeated Democratic Senator John Kerry in a close election. After his re-election, Bush received criticism from across the political spectrum for his handling of the Iraq War, Hurricane Katrina, and other challenges. Amid this criticism, the Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 elections. In December 2007, the United States entered its longest post-World War II recession, often referred to as the \"Great Recession\", prompting the Bush administration to obtain congressional approval for multiple economic programs intended to preserve the country's financial system.\nBush was among the most popular, as well as unpopular, U.S. presidents in history; he received the highest recorded approval ratings in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, but one of the lowest such ratings during the 2008 financial crisis. Bush finished his second term in office in 2009 and returned to Texas. In 2010, he published his memoir, Decision Points. His presidential library opened in 2013. His presidency has been rated below average in historians' polls, although his favorability ratings have improved since leaving office.", "Q177984": "Peter Sellers, CBE (born Richard Henry Sellers; 8 September 1925 \u2013 24 July 1980) was an English film actor, comedian and singer. He performed in the BBC Radio comedy series The Goon Show, featured on a number of hit comic songs and became known to a worldwide audience through his many film roles, among them Chief Inspector Clouseau in The Pink Panther series of films.\nBorn in Portsmouth, Sellers made his stage debut at the Kings Theatre, Southsea, when he was two weeks old. He began accompanying his parents in a variety act that toured the provincial theatres. He first worked as a drummer and toured around England as a member of the Entertainments National Service Association (ENSA). He developed his mimicry and improvisational skills during a spell in Ralph Reader's wartime Gang Show entertainment troupe, which toured Britain and the Far East. After the war, Sellers made his radio debut in ShowTime, and eventually became a regular performer on various BBC radio shows. During the early 1950s, Sellers, along with Spike Milligan, Harry Secombe and Michael Bentine, took part in the successful radio series The Goon Show, which ended in 1960.\nSellers began his film career during the 1950s. Although the bulk of his work was comedic, often parodying characters of authority such as military officers or policemen, he also performed in other film genres and roles. Films demonstrating his artistic range include I'm All Right Jack (1959), Stanley Kubrick's Lolita (1962) and Dr. Strangelove (1964), What's New, Pussycat? (1965), Casino Royale (1967), The Party (1968), Being There (1979) and five films of the Pink Panther series (1963\u20131978). Sellers's versatility enabled him to portray a wide range of comic characters using different accents and guises, and he would often assume multiple roles within the same film, frequently with contrasting temperaments and styles. Satire and black humour were major features of many of his films, and his performances had a strong influence on a number of later comedians. Sellers was nominated three times for an Academy Award, twice for the Academy Award for Best Actor, for his performances in Dr. Strangelove and Being There, and once for the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for The Running Jumping & Standing Still Film (1959). He won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role twice, for I'm All Right Jack and for the original Pink Panther film, The Pink Panther (1963) and was nominated as Best Actor three times. In 1980 he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his role in Being There, and was previously nominated three times in the same category. Turner Classic Movies calls Sellers \"one of the most accomplished comic actors of the late 20th century\".In his personal life, Sellers struggled with depression and insecurities. An enigmatic figure, he often claimed to have no identity outside the roles that he played. His behaviour was often erratic and compulsive, and he frequently clashed with his directors and co-stars, especially in the mid-1970s when his physical and mental health, together with his alcohol and drug problems, were at their worst. Sellers was married four times, and had three children from his first two marriages. He died from a heart attack aged 54, in 1980. English filmmakers the Boulting brothers described Sellers as \"the greatest comic genius this country has produced since Charles Chaplin\".", "Q714922": "Giuseppe Merosi (8 December 1872 \u2013 27 March 1956) was a famous Italian automobile engineer.\nBorn in Piacenza, Merosi trained as a building surveyor, before he discovered his gift for the automotive engineering. He gained first experiences at Bianchi and the running department of Fiats. Soon he was hired (1910) as a new chief engineer to new company A.L.F.A which was established at Portello in Milan.The predecessor company, which had manufactured licensed products of the French automaker Darracq, had failed. The first Alfa designed by Merosi was A.L.F.A 24 HP, which came on the market on 24 June 1910. From its 4.1 litres capacity were obtained a proud 42 hp and the cars reached 100 km/h (62 mph), at that time a very considerable maximum speed. In the first year already 50 pieces were sold. The cars proved to be durable and reliable vehicles with an elegant design. Higher HP models followed in the coming years. In 1914 Merosi designed the first Alfa Romeo DOHC engine, 4 cylinders, 4.5 litres and 16 valve head, this was used in 1914 Alfa Romeo Grand Prix car. World War I stopped development and it was not until 1922 Merosi came again with DOHC engine. The beginning of the '20s also saw the luxurious Alfa Romeo G1.\nMerosi recognized also the meaning of racing both for the development and for the mark image. Thus already 1911 Alfa Romeo HP took part in the Targa Florio. The first pure racing cars were starting from 1920 the RL and RM as well as the P1. 1923 Targa Florio was won for the first time.\n1926 Merosi left the company and he was replaced with new chief engineer Vittorio Jano. He worked afterwards for Isotta Fraschini and died at the age of 84 in 1956.", "Q15137": "The Ringelspitz (also known as Piz Barghis) is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen and Graub\u00fcnden. Reaching a height of 3,248 metres above sea level, it is the highest summit in the canton of St. Gallen. It is split between three municipalities: Pf\u00e4fers (St. Gallen), Trin and Tamins (Graub\u00fcnden).\nThe Ringelspitz is the culminating point of a range, about 12 kilometres long, running from west to east and diverging from the main chain of the Glarus Alp between Piz Sardona and Piz Segnas. The massif separates the Calfeisen valley in canton St. Gallen from the Rhine valley near Flims. The north side of the mountain consists of nearly 2,000 metre-high precipitous cliffs overlooking the Gigerwaldsee (1,335 m).", "Q87455": "Pope Shenouda III (Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [\u0283e\u02c8nu\u02d0d\u00e6]; Coptic: \u2ca0\u2c81\u2ca1\u2c81 \u2c80\u2c83\u2c83\u2c81 \u03e2\u2c89\u2c9b\u2c9f\u2ca9\u03ef \u2c85\u0305 Papa Abba \u0160enoude pimah \u0161oumt; Arabic: \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u200e B\u0101b\u0101 al-Iskandar\u012byah Shin\u016bdah al-Th\u0101lith; 3 August 1923 \u2013 17 March 2012;) was the 117th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark. His episcopate lasted 40 years, 4 months, and 4 days from 14 November 1971 until his death on 17 March 2012.\nHis official title was Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Apostolic See of Saint Mark the Evangelist of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. He was also the head of the Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. He was a conservative figure within the Church and was also respected within the Muslim community.Born Nazir Gayed Roufail (\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644, IPA: [n\u0251\u02c8z\u02e4i\u02d0\u027e \u02c8\u0261\u00e6jjed \u027e\u028af\u00e6\u02c8\u0294i\u02d0l]) on 3 August 1923, he became a monk in 1954 under the name Father Antonios the Syrian after joining the Syrian Monastery of the Ever-Virgin Mary the Theotokos. In 1958, he was elevated to the priesthood. In 1962, Pope Cyril VI summoned Fr. Antonios and consecrated him General Bishop for Christian Education and as Dean of the Coptic Orthodox Theological Seminary, whereupon he assumed the name Shenouda, which was the name of the Coptic saint Shenoute the Archimandrite (lived 347/348\u2013465/466), as well as two previous popes: Shenouda I (Episcopate 859\u2013880) and Shenouda II.\nFollowing the death of Pope Cyril VI on 9 March 1971, the selection process resulted in Bishop Shenouda's becoming the new Pope. He was consecrated on 14 November 1971. During his papacy, the Coptic church grew significantly. He appointed the first bishops for North American dioceses, which now contain over two hundred parishes (214 in the United States, 38 in Canada and one in Mexico), up from four in 1971. He also appointed the first Coptic bishops in Europe, Australia and South America. Within Egypt, he struggled for the welfare of his people and the Church. Pope Shenouda III was known for his commitment to ecumenism and advocated inter-denominational Christian dialogue. He devoted his writings, teachings and actions to spreading and propagating guidelines for understanding, peace, dialogue and forgiveness.\nAt the time of his death, Pope Shenouda III was viewed as one of the Great Patriarchs of the ancient Church of Alexandria, a well-known church father and teacher, a chief defender of the faith, and a noted Egyptian leader of the 20th and 21st centuries.", "Q287403": "Olga Vladimirovna Baklanova (Russian: \u041e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430; 19 August 1893 \u2013 6 September 1974), known professionally as Olga Baclanova, was a Russian-American actress of stage and screen, radio host and performer, operatic singer, and ballerina. She achieved prominence during the silent film era, after taking several years off her age and changing the spelling of her Russian surname from Baklanova. She was often billed under her last name only, as Baclanova, similarly to the surname-only nomenclature of her fellow countrywoman Nazimova.An exotic blonde temptress, she was known as the \"Russian Tigress\". She emigrated to America in 1925, and started appearing in Hollywood films, which she remains most noted for portraying the fictional Duchess Josiana in the Universal Pictures silent The Man Who Laughs and slimy circus trapeze artist Cleopatra in Tod Browning's cult horror movie Freaks (1932), which features a cast of actual carnival sideshow freaks.", "Q12658": "Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (2 September [O.S. 21 August] 1853 \u2013 4 April 1932) was a Baltic German chemist and philosopher. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his work on catalysis, chemical equilibria and reaction velocities. Ostwald, Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Walther Nernst, and Svante Arrhenius are usually credited with being the modern founders of the field of physical chemistry.", "Q842199": "The Belarusian People's Republic (Belarusian: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0420\u044d\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430, [b\u02b2e\u026ba\u02c8ruskaja na\u02c8rodnaja r\u025bs\u02c8publ\u02b2ika], transliterated as Bie\u0142ar\u00faskaja Nar\u00f3dnaja Resp\u00fablika, BNR;Russian: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, romanized: Belorusskaja Narodnaja Respublika), historically referred to as the White Ruthenian Democratic Republic (German: Wei\u00dfruthenische Volksrepublik) was a failed attempt to create a Belarusian state on the territory controlled by the German Imperial Army during World War I. The BNR existed from 1918 to 1919.\nThe BNR was declared on March 9, 1918, in Minsk by the members of the Executive Committee of the First All-Belarusian Congress, and two weeks later, on March 25, 1918, it proclaimed independence. In 1919, it co-existed with an alternative Communist government of Belarus (the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia, which later became part of the Lithuanian\u2013Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic), moving its seat of government to Vilnius and Hrodna, but ceased to exist due to the capture of the whole Belarusian territory by Polish and Bolshevik forces during the Polish\u2013Soviet War of 1919-1921. Currently, its government in exile, the Rada (Council) of the Belarusian People's Republic is the oldest still functioning government in exile.", "Q130417": "Lena \u017belichowska (12 August 1910 \u2013 14 October 1958) was a Polish stage and film actress. She appeared in fourteen films between 1933 and 1940.\n\n", "Q3071037": "Paula Ann Hiers Deen (born January 19, 1947) is an American TV personality and cooking show host. Deen resides in Savannah, Georgia, where she owns and operates The Lady & Sons restaurant and Paula Deen's Creek House with her sons, Jamie and Bobby Deen. She has published fifteen cookbooks. Though married since 2004 to Michael Groover, she uses the last name Deen, from her first marriage.", "Q86993": "Richard Erdoes (Hungarian Erd\u0151s, German Erd\u00f6s) was born in Frankfurt, 7 July 1912, and died in Santa Fe, 16 July 2008. He was an artist, photographer, illustrator and author. He described himself as \"equal parts Austrian, Hungarian and German, as well as equal parts Catholic, Protestant and Jew...\"", "Q244448": "How Green Was My Valley is a 1941 drama directed by John Ford. The film, based on the best-selling 1939 novel of the same name by Richard Llewellyn, was produced by Darryl F. Zanuck and scripted by Philip Dunne. The film stars Walter Pidgeon, Maureen O'Hara, Anna Lee, Donald Crisp, and Roddy McDowall. It was nominated for ten Academy Awards, famously beating Citizen Kane and The Maltese Falcon for Best Picture. It also won Best Director, Best Cinematography, and Best Supporting Actor.\nThe film tells the story of the Morgans, a hard-working Welsh mining family, from the point of view of the youngest child Huw, who lives with his affectionate and kind parents, and his five brothers, in the South Wales Valleys during the late Victorian era. The story chronicles life in the South Wales coalfields, the loss of that way of life and its effects on the family. The fictional village in the film is based on Gilfach Goch; Llewellyn spent many summers there visiting his grandfather, and it served as the inspiration for the novel.In 1990, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry of the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". The Academy Film Archive preserved How Green Was My Valley in 1998.", "Q97646": "Christine \"Tine\" Wittler (born 2 April 1973 in Rahden) is a German writer, TV presenter and actress.\nAfter studying in L\u00fcneburg and Glamorgan (now the University of South Wales), Wittler worked as a freelance writer for NDR and presented the German television programme Bravo TV.Since 1995, Wittler has been a resident of Hamburg-Ottensen, where she runs her own web store for plus-size clothing, Pralle Welt.\nWittler currently presents the RTL show Einsatz in 4 W\u00e4nden.", "Q7366": "A song is a musical composition intended to be vocally performed by the human voice. This is often done at distinct and fixed pitches (melodies) using patterns of sound and silence. Songs contain various forms, such as those including the repetition and variation of sections. \nWritten words created specifically for music or for which music is specifically created, are called lyrics. If a pre-existing poem is set to composed music in classical music it is an art song. Songs that are sung on repeated pitches without distinct contours and patterns that rise and fall are called chants. Songs composed in a simple style that are learned informally \"by ear\" are often referred to as folk songs. Songs that are composed for professional singers who sell their recordings or live shows to the mass market are called popular songs. These songs, which have broad appeal, are often composed by professional songwriters, composers, and lyricists. Art songs are composed by trained classical composers for concert or recital performances. Songs are performed live and recorded on audio or video (or, in some cases, a song may be performed live and simultaneously recorded). Songs may also appear in plays, musical theatre, stage shows of any form, and within operas, films, and TV shows.\nA song may be for a solo singer, a lead singer supported by background singers, a duet, trio, or larger ensemble involving more voices singing in harmony, although the term is generally not used for large classical music vocal forms including opera and oratorio, which use terms such as aria and recitative instead. A song can be sung without accompaniment by instrumentalists (a cappella) or accompanied by instruments. In popular music, a singer may perform with an acoustic guitarist, pianist, organist, accordionist, or a backing band. In jazz, a singer may perform with a single pianist, a small combo (such as a trio or quartet), or with a big band. A Classical singer may perform with a single pianist, a small ensemble, or an orchestra. In jazz and blues, singers often learn songs \"by ear\" and they may improvise some melody lines. In Classical music, melodies are written by composers in sheet music format, so singers learn to read music.\nSongs with more than one voice to a part singing in polyphony or harmony are considered choral works. Songs can be broadly divided into many different forms and types, depending on the criteria used. Through semantic widening, a broader sense of the word \"song\" may refer to instrumentals, such as Mendelssohn's 19th century Songs Without Words pieces for solo piano.", "Q129146": "Sung Hoon (born Bang In-kyu on February 14, 1983) is a South Korean actor and voice actor.", "Q780831": "T\u00e9l\u00e9popmusik is a French electronic music duo composed of 2square and Antipop.", "Q6078": "Andre Romelle Young (born February 18, 1965), known professionally as Dr. Dre, is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, entrepreneur, record executive, actor, and audio engineer. He is the founder and CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics, and was previously co-owner of Death Row Records. Dr. Dre began his career as a member of the World Class Wreckin' Cru in 1985, but found fame with the influential gangsta rap group N.W.A, which popularized explicit lyrics in rap to detail the violence of street life. He is credited as a key figure in the crafting and popularization of West Coast G-funk, a subgenre of hip hop characterized by a synthesizer foundation and slow, heavy beats. He was the second-richest figure in hip hop as of 2018 with an estimated net worth of US$800 million.Dr. Dre's solo debut studio album The Chronic (1992), released under Death Row Records, made him one of the best-selling American music artists of 1993. It earned him a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance for the single \"Let Me Ride\", as well as several accolades for the single \"Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang\". That year, he produced Death Row labelmate Snoop Doggy Dogg's quadruple platinum debut Doggystyle, and mentored producers such as his step-brother Warren G (leading to the multi-platinum debut Regulate...G Funk Era in 1994) and Snoop Dogg's cousin Daz Dillinger (leading to the double-platinum debut Dogg Food by Tha Dogg Pound in 1995). In 1996, Dr. Dre left Death Row Records to establish his own label, Aftermath Entertainment. He produced a compilation album, Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath, in 1996, and released a solo album, 2001, in 1999. During the 2000s, Dr. Dre focused on producing other artists, occasionally contributing vocals. Dr. Dre signed Eminem in 1998 and 50 Cent in 2002, and co-produced their albums.\nDr. Dre has won six Grammy Awards, including Producer of the Year; Non-Classical. Rolling Stone ranked Dre number 56 on the list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. He has produced albums for and overseen the careers of many rappers, including 2Pac, Eminem, The D.O.C., Snoop Dogg, Xzibit, Knoc-turn'al, 50 Cent, The Game, Kendrick Lamar and Anderson .Paak. He has also had acting roles in movies such as Set It Off, The Wash and Training Day.", "Q64916": "Masein (Romansh: Masagn) is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q3261288": "Louis D. Boccardi was President and Chief Executive Officer of The Associated Press (AP), the world's largest news organization, from 1985 until his retirement in 2003. Prior to assuming the presidency, he served one year as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer and 10 years as executive editor in charge of AP's news operations.\nDuring his tenure as CEO, Boccardi repaired the news cooperative's sometimes-shaky finances and started the process of moving AP's news report into the Internet age. That process has quickened substantially under his successor, Tom Curley.\nBorn in New York City, Boccardi holds a bachelor's degree from Fordham University and a master's degree in journalism from Columbia University. He joined the AP as executive assistant to the general news editor in 1967 after eight years with New York newspapers, during which he rose to the position of assistant managing editor of the New York World-Telegram and Sun and its successor newspaper, the New York World Journal Tribune. He was appointed AP managing editor in 1969, executive editor in 1973 and vice president in 1975.\nIn 1990, Boccardi was elected a fellow of the Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ), the highest honor SPJ awards journalists for public service. He has received the William Allen White Foundation Award for Journalistic Merit, the Overseas Press Club Lifetime Achievement Award, and the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism Award and was elected a Distinguished Service Member of the American Society of Newspaper Editors. Boccardi and the AP were awarded the 2001 John Peter and Anna Catherine Zenger award for Freedom of the Press and the Public's Right to Know.\nBoccardi was a member of the Pulitzer Prize Board from 1994 to 2003 and Chairman of the Pulitzer Prize Board in 2002. Boccardi was a member of the Gannett Board of Directors from 2003 to 2006.\nBoccardi is a member of the national advisory board of the Freedom Forum Center for Media Studies, and a trustee emeritus of the Newseum, and the board of visitors of Columbia's Graduate School of Journalism, and is an honorary trustee of the William Allen White Foundation at the University of Kansas.\nHe is a member of the special committee appointed to monitor the editorial integrity of The Wall Street Journal after its purchase by News Corp.", "Q2392773": "Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez (English: One, two, three... respond again), usually shortened as Un, dos, tres..., and named Un, dos, tres... a leer esta vez (English: One, two, three... reading this time) in its last season, was a Spanish prime-time television game show, created by Narciso Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez Serrador, which was broadcast on La Primera Cadena of Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola for ten seasons from 1972 to 2004.\nIt became the most famous game show in the history of television in Spain and it was the first television show format exported outside Spain, with versions aired in the United Kingdom, Portugal, the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium.", "Q236948": "Tamara Taylor (born September 27, 1970) is a Canadian actress. She appeared in the role of Dr. Camille Saroyan, head of the Forensic Division, in the forensic crime drama Bones.", "Q49112": "Yale University is a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Its history, academic achievements, wealth, and selectivity have made Yale one of the most prestigious universities in the world.Chartered by Connecticut Colony, the \"Collegiate School\" was established in 1701 by clergy to educate Congregational ministers. It moved to New Haven in 1716 and shortly after was renamed Yale College in recognition of a gift from British East India Company governor Elihu Yale. Originally restricted to theology and sacred languages, the curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution. In the 19th century, the college expanded into graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Ph.D. in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887. Its faculty and student populations grew after 1890 with rapid expansion of the physical campus and scientific research.\nYale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and twelve professional schools. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs. In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven, the university owns athletic facilities in western New Haven, a campus in West Haven, Connecticut and forest and nature preserves throughout New England. The university's assets include an endowment valued at $30.3 billion as of September 2019, the second largest endowment of any educational institution in North America. The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States.Yale College undergraduates follow a liberal arts curriculum with departmental majors and are organized into a social system of residential colleges. Almost all members of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences\u2014and some members of other faculties\u2014teach undergraduate courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually. Students compete intercollegiately as the Yale Bulldogs in the NCAA Division I \u2013 Ivy League.\nAs of October 2019, 62 Nobel laureates, 5 Fields Medalists and 3 Turing award winners have been affiliated with Yale University. In addition, Yale has graduated many notable alumni, including five U.S. Presidents, 19 U.S. Supreme Court Justices, 31 living billionaires and many heads of state. Hundreds of members of Congress and many U.S. diplomats, 78 MacArthur Fellows, 247 Rhodes Scholars and 119 Marshall Scholars have been affiliated with the university.", "Q135547": "Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila (French pronunciation: lo.\u0281\u0251\u0303 de.zi.\u0281e ka.bi.la) (November 27, 1939 \u2013 January 16, 2001), or simply Laurent Kabila (US: pronunciation ), was a Congolese revolutionary and politician who served as the third President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from May 17, 1997, when he overthrew Mobutu Sese Seko, until his assassination by one of his bodyguards on January 16, 2001. He was succeeded eight days later by his 29-year-old son Joseph.", "Q454428": "Dawn Angeliqu\u00e9 Richard (born August 5, 1983), is an American singer, songwriter, actress, dancer, model and animator. Richard started her career after auditioning for Making the Band 3 in 2004. During this time, Richard became a member of American girl band Danity Kane, from 2005 to 2009, and reformed the group with 3 of the original 5 members in late 2013. In 2009, Richard joined the duo Dirty Money with fellow singer-songwriter Kalenna Harper, and label boss Sean \"Diddy\" Combs to form Diddy \u2013 Dirty Money. With the group, they released the highly successful album Last Train to Paris, as well as 2 additional mixtapes before their disbandment in 2012.In 2011, following her departure from Bad Boy Records, Richard began her career as a solo artist. Her debut album Goldenheart was released on January 15, 2013, by Our Dawn Entertainment; it received universal acclaim from music critics. In 2015 Richard's second album Blackheart peaked at number two on Billboard's \nDance/Electronic charts. On November 18, 2016 Richard released the final installation to her album trilogy, REDEMPTION.", "Q1436902": "Peter London (born Peter Lund\u00e9n; 28 September 1982 in Sweden) is a Swedish bassist. He is best known as the bassist for the Swedish sleaze band Crashd\u00efet, but he also performs as a one-man band, Alter Egon. He is sponsored by Daisy Rock Guitars and is commonly seen with a glittery pink model. As Alter Egon, London plays all the instruments himself and sings in Swedish. The songs are mostly about himself and sexual freedom. Since 2015, London has been the bass-player of RAC/pop rock-band Bed\u00e5rande Barn where Jimmie \u00c5kesson plays keyboard.\nLondon married Swedish model and former Miss Sweden title-holder Isabel Lestapier Winqvist on 25 June 2010 at the Hedvig Eleonora Church in Stockholm. They were divorced in March 2012.", "Q547440": "Ildefons Cerd\u00e0 i Sunyer, (Catalan pronunciation: [ild\u0259\u02c8fons s\u0259\u027e\u02c8\u00f0a]; Centelles, December 23, 1815 \u2013 Caldas de Besaya, August 21, 1876), also known as Ildefonso Cerd\u00e1 y Su\u00f1er in Spanish, was the progressive Catalan Spanish urban planner who designed the 19th-century \"extension\" of Barcelona called the Eixample. He was a founder of modern town planning who coined the new word \u201curbanization\u201d.\n\n", "Q1936353": "Mindelheimer K\u00f6pfl is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany.", "Q51985": "The Technical University of Berlin (official name German: Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, known as TU Berlin, which has no official English translation) is a research university located in Berlin, Germany. It is Germany\u2019s first university to adopt the name \u201cTechnische Universit\u00e4t\u201d (Technical University).The university alumni and professor list includes several US National Academies members, two National Medal of Science laureates and seven Nobel Prize winners.The TU Berlin is a member of TU9, an incorporated society of the largest and most notable German institutes of technology and of the Top Industrial Managers for Europe network, which allows for student exchanges between leading engineering schools. It belongs to the Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research. The TU Berlin is home of two innovation centers designated by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology. The university is labeled as \"The Entrepreneurial University\" (\u201eDie Gr\u00fcnderhochschule\u201c) by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. It is also a member of the Berlin University Alliance.The university is notable for having been the first to offer a degree in Industrial Engineering and Management (Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen). The university designed the degree in response to requests by industrialists for graduates with the technical and management training to run a company. First offered in winter term 1926/27, it is one of the oldest programmes of its kind.TU Berlin has one of the highest proportions of international students in Germany, in 2019 almost 27% of international students were enrolled.[1]", "Q38933": "Fever, also referred to as pyrexia, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set point. There is not a single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature with sources using values between 37.2 and 38.3 \u00b0C (99.0 and 100.9 \u00b0F) in humans. The increase in set point triggers increased muscle contractions and causes a feeling of cold. This results in greater heat production and efforts to conserve heat. When the set point temperature returns to normal, a person feels hot, becomes flushed, and may begin to sweat. Rarely a fever may trigger a febrile seizure, with this being more common in young children. Fevers do not typically go higher than 41 to 42 \u00b0C (105.8 to 107.6 \u00b0F).A fever can be caused by many medical conditions ranging from non-serious to life-threatening. This includes viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections\u2014such as influenza, the common cold, meningitis, urinary tract infections, appendicitis, COVID-19, and malaria. Non-infectious causes include vasculitis, deep vein thrombosis, connective tissue disease, side effects of medication, and cancer. It differs from hyperthermia, in that hyperthermia is an increase in body temperature over the temperature set point, due to either too much heat production or not enough heat loss.Treatment to reduce fever is generally not required. Treatment of associated pain and inflammation, however, may be useful and help a person rest. Medications such as ibuprofen or paracetamol (acetaminophen) may help with this as well as lower temperature. Measures such as putting a cool damp cloth on the forehead and having a slightly warm bath are not useful and may simply make a person more uncomfortable. Children younger than three months require medical attention, as might people with serious medical problems such as a compromised immune system or people with other symptoms. Hyperthermia does require treatment.Fever is one of the most common medical signs. It is part of about 30% of healthcare visits by children and occurs in up to 75% of adults who are seriously sick. While fever evolved as a defense mechanism, treating fever does not appear to worsen outcomes. Fever is often viewed with greater concern by parents and healthcare professionals than is usually deserved, a phenomenon known as fever phobia.", "Q3128": "Norman Graham Hill (15 February 1929 \u2013 29 November 1975) was a British racing driver and team owner from England, who was the Formula One World Champion twice. He is the only driver ever to win the Triple Crown of Motorsport\u2014the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Indianapolis 500 and the Monaco Grand Prix. He also appeared on TV in the 1970s on a variety of non-sporting programmes including panel games. He liked painting in his spare time.\nHill and his son Damon were the first father and son pair to win Formula One World Championships. Hill's grandson Josh, Damon's son, also raced his way through the ranks until he retired from Formula Three in 2013 at the age of 22.\nHill and five other members of the Embassy Hill team died in 1975 when the aeroplane he was piloting from France crashed in fog at night on Arkley golf course while attempting to land at Elstree Airfield in north London.", "Q4142300": "Valery Aleksandrovich Golubev (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0432, born June 14, 1952, Leningrad (Saint Petersburg), former Soviet Union) is a Russian politician and businessman. He is a former Head of the Vasileostrovsky Administrative District of St. Petersburg, former member of the Federation Council of Russia, currently a Deputy CEO Gazprom and the Head of its Department for Construction and Investment.\n\n", "Q171305": "Borrowing Matchsticks (Russian: \u0417\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, romanized: Za spichkami, Finnish: Tulitikkuja lainaamassa) is a Soviet\u2013Finnish comedy film produced by Mosfilm and Suomifilm in 1980. Film based on the novel by Algot Untola.", "Q1386256": "Q\u0101\u1e0d\u012b Z\u0101da al-R\u016bm\u012b (1364 in Bursa, Ottoman Empire \u2013 1436 in Samarqand, Timurid Empire), whose actual name was Salah al-Din Musa Pasha (q\u0101\u1e0d\u012b z\u0101da means \"son of the judge\", al-r\u016bm\u012b \"the Roman\" indicating he came from Asia Minor, which was once Roman), was a Turkish astronomer and mathematician who worked at the observatory in Samarkand. He computed sin 1\u00b0 to an accuracy of 10\u221212.\nTogether with Ulugh Beg, al-K\u0101sh\u012b and a few other astronomers, Q\u0101\u1e0d\u012b Z\u0101da produced the Zij-i-Sultani, the first comprehensive stellar catalogue since the Maragheh observatory's Zij-i Ilkhani two centuries earlier. The Zij-i Sultani contained the positions of 992 stars.", "Q33866": "Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ROH-z\u0259-velt; October 27, 1858 \u2013 January 6, 1919) was an American statesman, politician, conservationist, naturalist, and writer who served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909. He served as the 25th vice president from March to September 1901 and as the 33rd governor of New York from 1899 to 1900. Roosevelt emerged as a leader of the Republican Party and became a driving force for the anti-trust policy while supporting Progressive Era policies in the United States in the early 20th century. His face is depicted on Mount Rushmore alongside George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln. He is generally ranked in polls of historians and political scientists as one of the five best presidents.Roosevelt was a sickly child with debilitating asthma, but he overcame his health problems by embracing a strenuous lifestyle, as well as growing out of his asthma naturally in his young adult years. He integrated his exuberant personality, a vast range of interests, and world-famous achievements into a \"cowboy\" persona defined by robust masculinity. He was home-schooled, and he began a lifelong naturalist avocation before attending Harvard College. His book The Naval War of 1812 (1882) established his reputation as a learned historian and as a popular writer. Upon entering politics, he became the leader of the reform faction of Republicans in New York's state legislature. His wife and his mother both died in rapid succession, and he escaped to a cattle ranch in the Dakotas. He served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President William McKinley, but he resigned from that post to lead the Rough Riders during the Spanish\u2013American War, returning a war hero. He was elected governor of New York in 1898. After Vice President Garret Hobart died in 1899, the New York state party leadership convinced McKinley to accept Roosevelt as his running mate in the 1900 election. Roosevelt campaigned vigorously, and the McKinley\u2013Roosevelt ticket won a landslide victory based on a platform of peace, prosperity, and conservation.\nRoosevelt took office as vice president in March 1901 and assumed the presidency at age 42 after McKinley was assassinated the following September. He remains the youngest person to become President of the United States. Roosevelt was a leader of the progressive movement, and he championed his \"Square Deal\" domestic policies, promising the average citizen fairness, breaking of trusts, regulation of railroads, and pure food and drugs. He made conservation a top priority and established many new national parks, forests, and monuments intended to preserve the nation's natural resources. In foreign policy, he focused on Central America where he began construction of the Panama Canal. He expanded the Navy and sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour to project the United States' naval power around the globe. His successful efforts to broker the end of the Russo-Japanese War won him the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize. He avoided controversial tariff and money issues. Roosevelt was elected to a full term in 1904 and continued to promote progressive policies, many of which were passed in Congress. He groomed his close friend William Howard Taft to successfully succeed him in the 1908 presidential election.\nRoosevelt grew frustrated with Taft's brand of conservatism and belatedly tried to win the 1912 Republican nomination for president. He failed, walked out, and founded the so-called \"Bull Moose\" Party which called for wide-ranging progressive reforms. He ran in the 1912 election and the split allowed the Democratic nominee Woodrow Wilson to win the election. Following the defeat, Roosevelt led a two-year expedition to the Amazon basin where he nearly died of tropical disease. During World War I, he criticized Wilson for keeping the country out of the war with Germany, and his offer to lead volunteers to France was rejected. He considered running for president again in 1920, but his health continued to deteriorate and he died in 1919.", "Q4572034": "Robert Didrik Pehrson (27 June 1872 \u2013 6 May 1965) was a Norwegian Nordic skier who won the Holmenkollen Medal in 1899 (Shared with Paul Braaten.)", "Q319001": "Tony Leung Chiu-wai (born 27 June 1962) is a Hong Kong actor and singer. He is considered one of Asia's most successful and internationally recognised actors and was named as \"Small Tiger\" among Five Tiger Generals of TVB. He has won many international acting prizes, including the Cannes Film Festival award for Best Actor for his performance in Wong Kar-wai's film In the Mood for Love. Leung is widely considered the best native Hong Kong actor of his generation. He was named by CNN as one of \"Asia's 25 Greatest Actors of All Time\".Leung is known for his collaborations with director Wong Kar-wai, with whom he has worked in seven films including Chungking Express (1994), Happy Together (1997), In the Mood for Love (2000), and The Grandmaster (2013). He also appeared in three Venice Film Festival Golden Lion-winning films, including A City of Sadness (1989), Cyclo (1995) and Lust, Caution (2007), directed by Ang Lee. Leung also stars in the Academy Award-nominated film Hero, and the box office hits Hard Boiled (1992) and Infernal Affairs (2002). Leung was cast as the Mandarin in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and will appear in Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021).\nFor In the Mood for Love, Leung earned the Best Actor award at the Cannes Film Festival. He is also a seven-time winner at the Hong Kong Film Awards and three-time winner at the Golden Horse Film Awards, holding the record for most awards in the Best Actor category. The 2002 book East Asian Film Stars describes Leung as \"undoubtedly one of the most successful and widely-acclaimed Hong Kong actors of his generation, with a broad and diverse filmography.\"", "Q660721": "Andelfingen District is one of the twelve districts of the German-speaking canton of Zurich, Switzerland.\nIt corresponds to the Z\u00fcrcher Weinland, bounded by the Rhine to the north and west, by the canton of Thurgau to the east, by Winterthur to the south and by the Irchel to the southwest.", "Q235299": "Dame Gladys Constance Cooper, (18 December 1888 \u2013 17 November 1971) was an English actress whose career spanned seven decades on stage, in films and on television.\nAs a teenager in Edwardian musical comedy and pantomime, she starred in dramatic roles and silent films before the First World War. She managed the Playhouse Theatre from 1917 to 1933, where she played many roles. From the early 1920s Cooper won praise in plays by W. Somerset Maugham and others.\nIn the 1930s she starred steadily in productions both in London's West End and on Broadway. Moving to Hollywood in 1940, Cooper found success in a variety of character roles. She received three Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress, for performances in The Song of Bernadette (1943), My Fair Lady (1964) and, most famously, Now, Voyager (1942). Throughout the 1950s and 60s she worked both on stage and on screen, continuing to star on stage until her last year.", "Q482708": "Ham Seok-heon (13 March 1901 \u2013 4 February 1989) was a notable figure in the Religious Society of Friends (Quaker) movement in Korea, and was nicknamed the \"Gandhi of Korea.\" Ham was an important Asian voice for human rights and non-violence during the 20th century, despite numerous imprisonments for his convictions. He was a Quaker who concluded that all religions are on common ground in terms of human beings, a view shared by many Quakers.\nHe encouraged peace and democracy and promoted non-violence movement known as \u201cseed idea\u201d (ssi-al sasang), consistently present in his famous books \u201cKorean History Seen through a Will\u201d published in 1948, \u201cHuman Revolution\u201d in 1961, \u201cHistory and People\u201d in 1964, \"Queen of Suffering: a spiritual history of Korea\" edited in 1985. He was also a poet and wrote about 120 poems such as \u201cSong of the West Wind\u201d written in 1983.\nIn 2000, Sok-Hon Ham was selected by the Republic of Korea as a national cultural figure.", "Q42047": "Goodfellas (stylized GoodFellas) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese, produced by Irwin Winkler and distributed by Warner Bros. It is an adaptation of the 1985 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi, who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese. The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends and family from 1955 to 1980.\nScorsese initially titled the film Wise Guy and postponed making it; later, he and Pileggi changed the title to Goodfellas. To prepare for their roles in the film, Robert De Niro, Joe Pesci and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi, who shared research material left over from writing the book. According to Pesci, improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted. The director made transcripts of these sessions, took the lines he liked most and put them into a revised script, which the cast worked from during principal photography.\nGoodfellas premiered at the 47th Venice International Film Festival on September 9, 1990, where Scorsese was awarded with Silver Lion for Best Director, and was released in the United States on September 19, 1990. The film was made on a budget of $25 million, and grossed $46.8 million. The critical consensus on Rotten Tomatoes calls it \"arguably the high point of Martin Scorsese's career\". The film was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, with Pesci winning for Best Supporting Actor. The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, including Best Film and Best Director. Additionally, Goodfellas was named the year's best film by various critics' groups.\nGoodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the gangster genre. In 2000, it was deemed \"culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant\" and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress. Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television series.", "Q743852": "Kai \"Hiili\" Hiilesmaa (born 1966) is the vocalist of the rock band The Skreppers, former drummer of doom metal band KYPCK, former keyboardist of rock band Daniel Lioneye, as well as a respected producer from Finland. He has worked with several internationally recognized rock groups, including his near 20-year association with Finnish band HIM.Hiilesmaa began producing music professionally in 1995, recording with such bands as HIM, Amorphis, and Apocalyptica. His trademarks include heavy, overdriven guitar sounds and experimental synthesiser programming. In 2013 Hiilesmaa addressed his preference for analog recording, \"I prefer analog these days. Not only the sound, it asks more attitude to work with analog. Also you must make up your mind faster. There is no 'undo' in analog, which is often good.\"", "Q6050": "Anna, Comtesse Mathieu de Noailles (15 November 1876 \u2013 30 April 1933) was a Romanian-French writer and a socialist feminist.", "Q382221": "John Shae Perring (1813\u20131869) was a British engineer, anthropologist and Egyptologist, most notable for his work excavating and documenting Egyptian pyramids.\nIn 1837 Perring and British archaeologist Richard William Howard Vyse began excavating at Giza; they were later joined by Giovanni Battista Caviglia. They used gunpowder to force their way into several monuments and then to reach hidden chambers within them, such as the burial chamber of the pyramid of Menkaure, documenting them as they went. When Caviglia left the team to work independently, Perring became Vyse's assistant and when Vyse himself left for England in 1837 Perring continued the excavation with Vyse's financial support.\nAs part of his work Perring created several maps, plans and cross-sections of the pyramids at Abu Roasch, Gizeh, Abusir, Saqqara and Dahshur. He was the first to explore the interior of the Pyramid of Userkaf at Saqqara in 1839, through a robber's tunnel first discovered in 1831. Perring thought the pyramid belonged to Djedkare. The pyramid was first correctly identified by Egyptologist Cecil Firth in 1928 (though Firth died in 1931 and excavations there only recommenced in 1948, under Jean-Philippe Lauer). Perring opened the northern entrance into the Bent Pyramid and added some graffiti inside the nearby Red Pyramid at Dahshur, which can still be viewed today.Perring's work resulted in his three-volume \"The Pyramids of Gizeh\", published in 1839 to 1842. Vyse also published Perring's sketches in the third volume of his own three-part work \"Appendix to Operations carried on at the Pyramids of Gizeh in 1837\".", "Q213538": "Tramar Lacel Dillard (born September 17, 1979), known professionally as Flo Rida (, floh RY-d\u0259), is an American rapper, singer and songwriter from Carol City, Florida. His 2007 breakout single \"Low\" was number one for 10 weeks in the United States and broke the record for digital download sales at the time of its release.\nFlo Rida's debut studio album, 2008's Mail on Sunday, reached number four in the US. The album was succeeded by R.O.O.T.S., the next year. His subsequent albums, 2010's Only One Flo (Part 1) and 2012's Wild Ones, also charted on the US Billboard 200 chart. Flo Rida has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists. His catalog includes the international hit singles \"Right Round\", \"Club Can't Handle Me\", \"Good Feeling\", \"Wild Ones\", \"Whistle\", \"I Cry\", \"G.D.F.R.\" and \"My House\".", "Q52254": "Mike Cowlishaw is a Visiting Professor at the Department of Computer Science at the University of Warwick, and a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering. He is a retired IBM Fellow, and was a Fellow of the Institute of Engineering and Technology, and the British Computer Society. He was educated at Monkton Combe School and The University of Birmingham.", "Q430804": "Peter Mullan (; born 2 November 1959) is a Scottish actor and filmmaker. He is best known for his role in Ken Loach's My Name Is Joe (1998), for which he won Best Actor Award at 1998 Cannes Film Festival, and The Claim (2000). He is also winner of the World Dramatic Special Jury Prize for Breakout Performances at 2011 Sundance Film Festival for his work on Paddy Considine's Tyrannosaur (2011). Mullan appeared as supporting or guest actor in numerous cult movies, including Riff-Raff (1991), Braveheart (1995), Trainspotting (1996), Young Adam (2003), Children of Men (2006), War Horse (2011) and the Harry Potter film series (2010\u201311).\nMullan is an acclaimed art house movie director. He won a Golden Lion at 59th Venice International Film Festival for The Magdalene Sisters, listed by many critics among the best films of 2003 and nominated for BAFTA Award for Best British Film and European Film Award for best film, and a Golden Shell at San Sebasti\u00e1n International Film Festival for Neds. He is the only person to win top prizes both for acting (Cannes best actor award) and for the best film (Golden lion for The Magdalene Sisters) at major European film festivals.\nIn television, Mullan appeared in Gerard Lee's and Jane Campion's acclaimed miniseries Top of the Lake as Matt Mitcham, head of the Mitcham family and father of Tui Mitcham, whose disappearance is the main topic of the series. He was nominated for Primetime Emmy Award for his work in the series. He played a lead role in the 2008 ITV series The Fixer. Beginning in 2017, he has appeared in the first two seasons of the Netflix series Ozark opposite Jason Bateman and Laura Linney. Since 2016, Mullan has starred in the BBC Two sitcom Mum. In 2018, he stars in the second season of HBO's Westworld.\nMullan is also politically active, supporting left-wing causes and protests.", "Q14567": "Gisikon is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q448767": "Dominick John Dunne (October 29, 1925 \u2013 August 26, 2009) was an American writer, investigative journalist, and producer.\nHe began his career as a producer in film and television, noted for involvement with the pioneering gay film The Boys in the Band (1970) and the award winning drug film Panic in Needle Park (1971). He turned to writing in the early 1970s. After the 1982 murder of his daughter Dominique, he came to focus on the ways in which wealth and high society interacts with the judicial system. A frequent contributor to Vanity Fair, Dunne also appeared regularly on television discussing crime from the 1980s to the end of his life.", "Q1869643": "American singer-guitarist Lonnie McIntosh (July 18, 1941 \u2013 April 21, 2016), known as Lonnie Mack, was a pioneer of blues-rock music and rock guitar melodic soloing.\nMack emerged in 1963 with his debut LP, The Wham of that Memphis Man. The album earned him lasting renown both as a blue-eyed soul singer and as a rock guitar style leader.In the album's guitar tracks, Mack introduced \"edgy, aggressive, loud, and fast\" blues melodies and runs to the chords-and-riffs format of early rock guitar. These tracks elevated the standard for rock guitar proficiency and led early in the electric guitar's rise to the top of soloing instruments in rock. They soon became a stylistic \"model\" for lead guitarists of two new genres, blues-rock and Southern rock.Shortly after the album's release, however, the massively popular \"British Invasion\" hit American shores, and Mack's career \"withered on the vine\". He marked time until 1968, when Rolling Stone magazine rediscovered him and Elektra Records signed him to a three-album contract. He was soon performing in major venues, but his multi-genre Elektra albums underplayed his blues-rock appeal and record sales were tepid. Mack left Elektra in 1971. He spent the next fourteen years as a low-profile country music recording artist, roadhouse performer, sideman, and music-venue proprietor.In 1985, Mack resurfaced with a successful blues-rock LP, Strike Like Lightning, a promotional tour featuring celebrity guitarist sit-ins, and a concert at Carnegie Hall. In 1990, he released another well-received blues-rock album, Lonnie Mack Live! Attack of the Killer V, then retired from recording. He continued to perform, mostly in smaller venues, until 2004.", "Q101184": "Friedrich Schrader (November 19, 1865 \u2013 August 28, 1922) was a German philologist of oriental languages, orientalist, art historian, writer, social democrat, translator and journalist. He also used the pseudonym Ischtiraki (Arabic/Ottoman for \"the socialist\"). He lived from 1891 until 1918 in Istanbul\n\n", "Q346263": "Ada Pometti (born 13 May 1955) is an Italian film, television and stage actress.", "Q4233541": "Maxim Leonidovich Korobov (born December 3, 1957 in Moscow) is a Russian businessman whose investments focus on the oil and gas sector. He is the controlling shareholder of SGO Sibgasoil Investments Limited, which has interests in Western Siberia.\nMaxim Korobov served at various times as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Swiss company Rosco S.A.; Vice President of Eastern Oil Company (EOC) and head of EOC Trading House; President of Tomsk Oil and Gas Company; and head of the oil and gas team at Rossiisky Kredit bank. He was appointed to the Board of Directors of Petroneft Resources plc on 25 April 2016 and elected to the Board of Directors of Petrosibir AB on 29 June 2018.Korobov graduated with honours from both the Military Institute of the Defence Ministry and the Russian Presidential Academy of State Service. He was also a researcher at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and taught at the Military Institute. He holds a PhD in political science.Maxim Korobov was elected to the Tomsk Oblast regional parliament in 1997, and served as a member of the State Duma (Russian parliament) from 1999-2011, as a member of the United Russia party. As a member of the Duma's Committee on Power, Transport and Communications, he authored a bill proposing to end the practice of domestic roaming, whereby Russian mobile network operators charge higher prices to users travelling outside their \u201chome\u201d regions.", "Q192920": "Edward the Martyr (Old English: Eadweard, pronounced [\u00e6\u02d0\u0251dwe\u0251rd]; c.\u2009962 \u2013 18 March 978) was King of England from 975 until he was murdered in 978. Edward was the eldest son of King Edgar the Peaceful but was not his father's acknowledged heir. On Edgar's death, the leadership of England was contested, with some supporting Edward's claim to be king and others supporting his younger half-brother \u00c6thelred the Unready, recognized as a legitimate son of Edgar. Edward was chosen as king and was crowned by his main clerical supporters, the archbishops Dunstan of Canterbury and Oswald of York.\nThe great nobles of the kingdom, ealdormen \u00c6lfhere and \u00c6thelwine, quarrelled, and civil war almost broke out. In the so-called anti-monastic reaction, the nobles took advantage of Edward's weakness to dispossess the Benedictine reformed monasteries of lands and other properties that King Edgar had granted to them.\nEdward's short reign was brought to an end by his murder at Corfe Castle in 978 in circumstances that are not altogether clear. He was hurriedly buried at Wareham, but was reburied with great ceremony at Shaftesbury Abbey early in 979. In 1001 Edward's remains were moved to a more prominent place in the abbey, probably with the blessing of his half-brother King \u00c6thelred. Edward was already reckoned a saint by this time.\nA number of lives of Edward were written in the centuries following his death in which he was portrayed as a martyr, generally seen as a victim of the Queen Dowager \u00c6lfthryth, mother of \u00c6thelred. He is today recognized as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Catholic Church, and the Anglican Communion.", "Q890949": "Bohum\u00edn (; Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8bo\u0266umi\u02d0n] (listen); Polish: Bogumin, German: Oderberg) is a town in Karvin\u00e1 District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic on the border with Poland. The confluence of the Oder (Odra) and Olza rivers is situated just north of the town. The town lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.\nBohum\u00edn consists of Old Bohum\u00edn and industrial New Bohum\u00edn, while several villages are administratively part of the town. The majority of citizens are Czech; many citizens have Polish ancestry, although the Polish minority in Bohum\u00edn is small nowadays. Before World War II, the town was inhabited by a large German community. Nowadays the city is known as having one of the largest communities of Romani people in the Czech Republic.", "Q316454": "Donald Hugh Henley (born July 22, 1947) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer and founding member of the Eagles. He was the drummer and co-lead vocalist for the Eagles from 1971 until the band broke up in 1980, and has reprised those duties for the group's reunions since 1994. He has been the only constant member of the band since its formation. Henley sang the lead vocals on Eagles hits such as \"Witchy Woman\", \"Desperado\", \"Best of My Love\", \"One of These Nights\", \"Hotel California\", \"Life in the Fast Lane\", \"The Long Run\" and \"Get Over It\".\nAfter the Eagles broke up in 1980, Henley pursued a solo career and released his debut album I Can't Stand Still, in 1982. He has released five studio albums, two compilation albums, and one live DVD. His solo hits include \"Dirty Laundry\", \"The Boys of Summer\", \"All She Wants to Do Is Dance\", \"The Heart of the Matter\", \"The Last Worthless Evening\", \"Sunset Grill\", \"Not Enough Love in the World\", and \"The End of the Innocence\".\nThe Eagles have sold over 150 million albums worldwide, won six Grammy Awards, had five number-one singles, 17 top-40 singles, and six number-one albums. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 and are the highest-selling American band in history. As a solo artist, Henley has sold over 10 million albums worldwide, had eight top-40 singles, won two Grammy Awards and five MTV Video Music Awards. Combined with the Eagles and as a solo artist, Henley has released 25 top-40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100. He has also released seven studio albums with the Eagles and five as a solo artist. In 2008, he was ranked as the 87th-greatest singer of all time by Rolling Stone magazine.Henley has also played a founding role in several environmental and political causes, most notably the Walden Woods Project. From 1994 to 2016, he divided his musical activities between the Eagles and his solo career.", "Q171463": "Lucero Hogaza Le\u00f3n (Spanish pronunciation: [lu\u02c8se\u027eo]; born 29 August 1969), known as Lucero, is a Mexican singer, songwriter, actress, and television host. She is a multi-platinum singer in Mexico, and has sung in Spanish, English and Portuguese. She is the daughter of Lucero Le\u00f3n and Antonio Hogaza and has one brother, Antonio. Lucero has sold more than 27 million records worldwide and is recognized in Latin America and Mexico as \"La Novia de Am\u00e9rica\" (in english: The Girlfriend of the Americas).\nAt the age of 13, Lucero gained her first regular high-profile job in a popular children's show in Mexico City called Alegrias de Mediodia in 1982. Since then she has released a series of successful albums. Many of her songs peaked on top of most of the Latin charts including the Billboard charts in the USA.\nShe received her first leading role in the film Coqueta and went on to film a total of seven movies. Lucero participated in nine telenovelas in Mexico with the leading role. She was recognized by People en Espa\u00f1ol as the \"Queen of the Telenovelas\" celebrated on the 2013 issue of \"Los 50 mas Bellos\" posing with six of the most popular actors in telenovelas. Lucero has won more TVyNovelas Awards than any other actress.\nLucero has been the hostess of the Latin Grammy Awards on eight different occasions. She has also been the main hostess for more than fourteen years in a philanthropy show called Telet\u00f3n Mexico and most recently Teleton USA where people make donations to help children with physical disabilities.", "Q449479": "Elizabeth Hawley (9 November 1923 \u2013 26 January 2018) was an American journalist, author, and chronicler of Himalayan mountaineering expeditions. Hawley's The Himalayan Database became the unofficial record for climbs in the Nepalese Himalaya. She was also the honorary consul in Nepal for New Zealand.", "Q350401": "Dionysios (Greek: \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2) or Dimitrios (Greek: \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2) Kasdaglis (Greek: \u039a\u03ac\u03c3\u03b4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2) (10 October 1872 in Salford \u2013 1931) was a Greek-Egyptian tennis player. He competed in the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens and the 1906 Intercalated Games, also in Athens.According to the Greek wiki entry, his name was Dimitrios and he was mistakenly believed to be named Dionysios.", "Q4753730": "Anders Bj\u00f6rgerd (Bjoergerd) (8 November 1920 \u2013 18 July 2017) was a Swedish businessman who was deputy CEO of Sweden's largest publicly listed utility, Sydkraft AB (now E.ON Sverige AB), between the years 1970-1987. He started his career as a trainee with Siemens AG, and later gained employment with Swedish engineering firm ASEA before embarking on his career path with Sydkraft in Malm\u00f6, Sweden.\nBj\u00f6rgerd was also the Chairman of the Board for Sydgas AB, a wholly owned subsidiary of Sydkraft and one of Scandinavia's largest suppliers of LPG. He is one of the founders and former owner of Swedpower AB, Scandinavia's largest energy consultancy firm (now operating under the name Vattenfall Power Consultant AB, a wholly owned subsidiary of Vattenfall).\nHe also served as Chairman of one of the national state pension funds, 5:e AP Fonden (now 3:e AP Fonden), as well as being a member of the Advisory Board of the Swedish Energy Commission. Bj\u00f6rgerd died in July 2017 at the age of 96.", "Q84612": "Wladimir Rudolf Karl Freiherr Giesl von Gieslingen (18 February 1860 \u2013 20 April 1936) was an Austro-Hungarian general and diplomat during World War I, most famous for delivering the ultimatum to the Serbian government during the July Crisis of 1914.", "Q188978": "Konstantinos A. Karamanlis (Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2; born 14 September 1956), commonly known as Kostas Karamanlis (Greek: \u039a\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2, pronounced [\u02c8kostas karaman\u02c8lis]), is a Greek politician who served as Prime Minister of Greece from 2004 to 2009. He was also president of the centre-right New Democracy party, founded by his uncle Konstantinos Karamanlis, from 1997 to 2009, and he is currently a member of the Hellenic Parliament.\nKaramanlis was first elected as a member of the Hellenic Parliament for New Democracy in 1989 and became president of the party in 1997. After leading the opposition in the Hellenic Parliament for seven years and his narrow defeat in the 2000 parliamentary election, he served as the 181st Prime Minister of Greece for two consecutive terms, winning the 2004 election, with an all-time record number of votes, and again in 2007. However, he asked for mid-term general elections in 2009, as his party enjoyed a narrow parliamentary majority that could not guarantee a stable government needed to handle the Greek financial crisis. Eventually, Karamanlis was defeated and resigned as president of New Democracy after twelve years as the party's leader, being active in politics though as a member of the parliament.", "Q475380": "Pinhas Rutenberg (5 February 1879 \u2013 3 January 1942; Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u041c\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433, Pyotr Moiseyevich Rutenberg; Hebrew: \u05e4\u05e0\u05d7\u05e1 \u05e8\u05d5\u05d8\u05e0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d2) was a Russian Jewish engineer, businessman, and political activist. He played an active role in two Russian revolutions, in 1905 and 1917. During World War I, he was among the founders of the Jewish Legion and of the American Jewish Congress. Later, through his connections in Palestine, he managed to obtain a concession for production and distribution of electric power and founded the Palestine Electric Corporation, currently the Israel Electric Corporation. \nA vocal and committed Zionist, Rutenberg also participated in establishing the Haganah, the main Jewish militia in pre-war Palestine, and founded Palestine Airways. He subsequently served as a President of the Jewish National Council.", "Q40136": "Pino sulla Sponda del Lago Maggiore is a former municipality of Italy, now frazione of the municipality of Maccagno con Pino e Veddasca in the Province of Varese.\nIt held the status of comune until 2014 when it was merged with Maccagno and Verdasca to form the new municipality.\nIt lies about located about 110 km northwest of Milan and about 70 km northwest of Varese, on the border with Switzerland. \n\nUntil its suppression, Pino sulla Sponda del Lago Maggiore held along with San Valentino in Abruzzo Citeriore, the record of Italian comune with the longest name (30 letters).", "Q1601864": "Helen Schneider (born December 23, 1952) is an American singer and actress working mainly in Germany.", "Q3896": "Goslar is a historic town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Goslar and located on the northwestern slopes of the Harz mountain range. The Old Town of Goslar and the Mines of Rammelsberg are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Each year Goslar awards the Kaiserring to an international artist, called the \"Nobel Prize\" of the art world.", "Q498036": "M\u00f6lln is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is surrounded by several small lakes (Stadtsee, Schulsee, Ziegelsee, Hegesee, Schmalsee, L\u00fctauer See, Dr\u00fcsensee, and Pinnsee). The Elbe-L\u00fcbeck Canal flows through the town. M\u00f6lln belongs to the district of Herzogtum Lauenburg.", "Q12490507": "The Rashidun Caliphate (Arabic: \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062e\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0671\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0634\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064f\u200e, al-Khil\u0101fah ar-R\u0101\u0161idah) was the first of the four major caliphates established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was ruled by the first four successive caliphs (successors) of Muhammad after his death in 632 CE (AH 11). These caliphs are collectively known in Sunni Islam as the Rashidun, or \"Rightly Guided\" caliphs (\u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0671\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0634\u0650\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e al-Khulaf\u0101\u02be ar-R\u0101\u0161id\u016bn). This term is not widely used in Shia Islam as Shia Muslims do not consider the rule of the first three caliphs as legitimate.The Rashidun Caliphate is characterized by a twenty-five year period of rapid military expansion, followed by a five-year period of internal strife. \nThe Rashidun Army at its peak numbered more than 100,000 men. By the 650s, the caliphate in addition to the Arabian Peninsula had subjugated the Levant, to the Transcaucasus in the north; North Africa from Egypt to present-day Tunisia in the west; and the Iranian plateau to parts of Central Asia and South Asia in the east.\nThe caliphate arose out of the death of Muhammad in 632 CE and the subsequent debate over the succession to his leadership. Abu Bakr, a close companion of Muhammad from the Banu Taym clan, was elected the first Rashidun leader and began the conquest of the Arabian Peninsula. He ruled from 632 to his death in 634. Abu Bakr was succeeded by Umar, his appointed successor from the Banu Adi clan, who continued the conquest of Persia, eventually leading to the fall of the Sassanid Empire in 651. Umar was assassinated in 644 and was succeeded by Uthman, who was elected by a six-person committee arranged by Umar. Under Uthman began the conquest of Armenia, Fars and Khorasan. Uthman was assassinated in 656 and succeeded by Ali, who presided over the civil war known as the First Fitna (656\u2013661). The war was primarily between those who supported Uthman's cousin and governor of the Levant, Muawiyah, and those who supported the caliph Ali. The civil war permanently consolidated the divide between Sunni and Shia Muslims, with Shia Muslims believing Ali to be the first rightful caliph and Imam after Muhammad. A third faction in the war supported the governor of Egypt, Amr ibn al-As. The war was decided in favour of the faction of Muawiyah, who established the Umayyad Caliphate in 661.", "Q292026": "Karina Vladimirova Razumovskaya (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, born 9 March 1983) is a Russian theater and film actress).", "Q389412": "Niemcza [\u02c8\u0272emt\u0361\u0282a] (German: Nimptsch) is a town in Dzier\u017coni\u00f3w County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Niemcza.\nThe town lies on the \u015al\u0119za River, approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Dzier\u017coni\u00f3w, and 48 kilometres (30 mi) south of the regional capital Wroc\u0142aw.\nFrom 1975 to 1998 Niemcza was in Wa\u0142brzych Voivodeship.", "Q672443": "The Civil War is a 1990 American television documentary miniseries created by Ken Burns about the American Civil War. It was first broadcast on PBS on five consecutive nights from September 23 to 28, 1990. More than 39 million viewers tuned in to at least one episode, and viewership averaged more than 14 million viewers each evening, making it the most-watched program ever to air on PBS. It was awarded more than 40 major television and film honors. A companion book to the documentary was released shortly after the series aired.The series was rebroadcast in June 1994 as a lead-up to Baseball, then remastered for its 12th anniversary in 2002, although it remained in standard definition resolution. To commemorate the film's 25th anniversary and the 150th anniversary of Lincoln's assassination, the film underwent a complete digital restoration to high definition format in 2015. This completely restored version aired on PBS September 7\u201311, 2015.", "Q201882": "Richard E. Roeper is an American columnist and film critic for The Chicago Sun-Times. He co-hosted the television series At the Movies with Roger Ebert from 2000 to 2008, serving as the late Gene Siskel's successor. From 2010 to 2014, he co-hosted The Roe and Roeper Show with Roe Conn on WLS-AM.\nOn October 19, 2015, Roeper was selected as the new host of the FOX 32 morning show Good Day Chicago. He served as host until October 2017.", "Q66697": "Steinhausen is a city in the canton of Zug in Switzerland.", "Q240174": "Eliza Orzeszkowa (6 June 1841 \u2013 18 May 1910) was a Polish novelist and a leading writer of the Positivism movement during foreign Partitions of Poland. In 1905, together with Henryk Sienkiewicz she was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Q344460": "Ernst Teodorovich Krenkel (Russian: \u042d\u0440\u043d\u0441\u0442 \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u0435\u043b\u044c; 24 December [O.S. 11 December] 1903 in Bia\u0142ystok \u2013 8 December 1971 in Moscow) was a Soviet Arctic explorer, radio operator, doctor of geographical sciences (1938), and Hero of the Soviet Union (1938). Amateur radio callsigns: U3AA, UA3AA, RAEM.", "Q186799": "13 is a 2010 American psychological crime thriller film directed by G\u00e9la Babluani (who also directed the original), stars Sam Riley, Ray Winstone, 50 Cent, Mickey Rourke and Jason Statham. it is remake of the 2005 Georgian-French film 13 Tzameti.", "Q39387": "Not to be confused with Newton's Cannon or Newton's cannonball.Newton Cannon (May 22, 1781 \u2013 September 16, 1841) was an American politician who served as Governor of Tennessee from 1835 to 1839. He also served several terms in the United States House of Representatives, from 1814 to 1817, and from 1819 to 1823. Cannon was a long-time foe of Andrew Jackson, and spent much of his political career opposing Jacksonite policies.", "Q122991": "Simonetta Myriam Sommaruga (born 14 May 1960) is a Swiss politician serving as President of the Swiss Confederation since 2020. A member of the Social Democratic Party, she has been a Member of the Federal Council since 2010. Sommaruga has served as head of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications since 2019 and previously was head of the Federal Department of Justice and Police. She served as Vice President of the Federal Council for the year 2014; in 2015 Sommaruga assumed the role of President of the Swiss Confederation. Subsequently, she returned to the council's presidency in 2020.", "Q248528": "Nicolas Launay is an English record producer, composer and recording engineer. He is one of the most sought after record producers in the world due to his success with recent albums by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Anna Calvi, IDLES, Yeah Yeah Yeahs and Arcade Fire. He is among the most successful producers of the post-punk era, helming records from pivotal acts including Public Image Ltd, Gang of Four, Killing Joke, The Birthday Party, and The Slits.\nLaunay is known primarily for his passionate approach to recording with emphasis on raw sounds and capturing mood. Other artists he has worked with include: Kate Bush, Talking Heads, David Byrne, INXS, Midnight Oil, Grinderman, Lou Reed, The Veils, Anna Calvi, Supergrass, The Living End, Band of Skulls, Silverchair and IDLES. He lives in Hollywood, United States and travels to London frequently. More recent work includes producing Yeah Yeah Yeahs' Mosquito, It's Blitz!, mixing Arcade Fire's Neon Bible and The Suburbs, and producing and recording Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds's Push the Sky Away, Skeleton Tree along with Grinderman' and Grinderman 2.Nick Launay is also known for setting trends by finding lesser known Recording Studios in the world and making them popular. A few years ago he encouraged Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds to take a leap of faith and record what became the \"Push the Sky Away\" album at a little known studio in France called: \"La Fabrique\". At the time no foreign band had worked there. Since then Morrissey, RadioHead, Foals have all followed suit. Similarly with \"La Frette\" studios he Produced \"Skeleton Tree\" and then recommended it to Arctic Monkeys via Domino Record Owner Laurence Bell. Alex Turner now records all his projects there, and others have followed.", "Q571680": "Ferdinand Peroutka (6 February 1895 \u2013 20 April 1978) was a Czech journalist and writer. A prominent political thinker and journalist during the First Czechoslovak Republic, Peroutka was persecuted by the Nazi regime for his democratic convictions and imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp. Following the 1948 coup by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, he emigrated to both the United Kingdom and, later, the United States.\n\n", "Q40122": "Michael James Vogel (born July 17, 1979) is an American actor and former model. Vogel began acting in 2001 and has appeared in several films and series, including The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants, Grind, Poseidon, Blue Valentine, The Help, Bates Motel, Cloverfield, Under the Dome and The Case for Christ. He starred as the lead in the NBC military drama series The Brave for the 2017\u201318 season.", "Q76490": "Helge Schneider (born 30 August 1955 in M\u00fclheim an der Ruhr) is a German comedian, jazz musician and multi-instrumentalist, author, film and theatre director, and actor. Schneider's works are an unconventional mixture of horseplay humor, parody, and jazz-influenced music. They involve spontaneity and improvisation as important elements.", "Q18349": "Ujaku Akita (\u79cb\u7530 \u96e8\u96c0, Akita Ujaku) was the pseudonym of Tokuz\u014d Akita (\u79cb\u7530 \u5fb3\u4e09, Akita Tokuz\u014d) (30 January 1883 \u2013 12 May 1962), a Japanese author and Esperantist. He is best known for his plays, books, and short stories for children.", "Q281728": "Allan Jaffee (born Abraham Jaffee, March 13, 1921) is an American cartoonist. He is notable for his work in the satirical magazine Mad, including his trademark feature, the Mad Fold-in. As of 2019, Jaffee had been a regular contributor to the magazine for 64 years and is its longest-running contributor. However, he launched his website [1] at the end of that year, where he announced he had stopped working after Mad's December 2019 issue. Since their August 2019 issue, Mad has either been reprinting old Fold-ins, or had new ones by Johnny Sampson. In the half-century between April 1964 and April 2013, only one issue of Mad was published without containing new material by Jaffee. In a 2010 interview, Jaffee said, \"Serious people my age are dead.\"In 2008, Jaffee was honored by the Reuben Awards as the Cartoonist of the Year. New Yorker cartoonist Arnold Roth said, \"Al Jaffee is one of the great cartoonists of our time.\" Describing Jaffee, Peanuts creator Charles Schulz wrote, \"Al can cartoon anything\".", "Q14573": "Meggen is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q242763": "Melora Walters (born October 21, 1959) is an American actress and director. She played Wanda Henrickson in the television series Big Love.", "Q89322": "Kurt Steyrer (June 3, 1920 \u2013 July 16, 2007) was an Austrian politician, health minister and Social Democratic Party presidential candidate.\nSteyrer was born on June 3, 1920 in the city of Linz. He studied medicine in Vienna and Prague before opening up his own practice in dermatology. His medical background paved the way for him to serve as the health and environment minister of Austria.\nSteyrer was one of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party of Austria. He ran unsuccessfully as the Social Democratic candidate for president of Austria in 1986, losing to former UN Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim.\nSteyrer died in Vienna in 2007 after a brief illness. His death was initially reported by the Austria Press Agency and the ORF. Waldheim, his 1986 presidential opponent, died less a month before Steyrer in June 2007.", "Q346277": "Ada Rehan (April 22, c. 1857 \u2013 January 8, 1916) was an American actress and comedian who typified the \"personality\" style of acting in the nineteenth century.", "Q75199": "Hermann Neuberger (12 December 1919 in V\u00f6lklingen-Fenne \u2013 27 September 1992 in Homburg) was the seventh president of the German Football Association (German: Deutscher Fu\u00dfball-Bund, DFB) from 1975 to 1992.", "Q203059": "Virgin Records Ltd. is a British record label founded by entrepreneurs Richard Branson, Simon Draper, Nik Powell, and musician Tom Newman in 1972. It grew to be a worldwide phenomenon over time, with the success of platinum performers such as Aaliyah, George Michael, Paula Abdul, Janet Jackson, Roy Orbison, Devo, Tangerine Dream, Genesis, Keith Richards, the Human League, Culture Club, Rolling Stones, Simple Minds, Lenny Kravitz, dc Talk, the Smashing Pumpkins, Mike Oldfield, Charlie Brown Jr., Gorillaz, and Spice Girls, among others.After its acquisition by Universal Music Group through its purchase of EMI in 2012, UMG absorbed Virgin's British operations to create Virgin EMI Records in March 2013. Today, the operations of Virgin Records America, Inc., the company's North American operations founded in 1986, are still active and headquartered in Hollywood, California, and have operated exclusively under the Capitol Music Group imprint, also owned by UMG, since 2007. The US operations have also taken on the name Virgin Records. A minor number of artists remain on Virgin Records America's roster, which is currently mostly occupied with European artists such as Bastille, Circa Waves, Corinne Bailey Rae, Ella Eyre, Grizfolk, Walking on Cars, Seinabo Sey, and Prides; American artists include Knox Hamilton, L'Tric, Loren Gray, and Rise Against.\nVirgin Classics was founded in 1988 as part of Virgin Records. Along with EMI Classics, it too was acquired by Universal in 2012 as part of the takeover of the EMI Group. But the terms of the European Commission's approval of the takeover required divestment of the two classical labels. Accordingly both were sold in February the following year to Warner Music Group, and this transaction was approved by the European Union that May. Warner placed the Virgin Classics artist roster and catalogue in its Erato Records division, and the \u201cVirgin Classics\u201d name, along with \u201cEMI Classics,\u201d disappeared.", "Q192934": "Angels & Demons is a 2009 American mystery thriller film directed by Ron Howard and written by Akiva Goldsman and David Koepp, based on Dan Brown's novel of the same title. It is the sequel to the 2006 film The Da Vinci Code, also directed by Howard, and the second installment in the Robert Langdon film series. However, the novel version was published first and acts as a prequel to The Da Vinci Code novel. Filming took place in Rome, Italy, and the Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California. Tom Hanks reprises his role as Professor Robert Langdon, while Ayelet Zurer stars as Dr. Vittoria Vetra, a CERN scientist joining Langdon in the quest to recover a missing vial of antimatter from a mysterious Illuminati terrorist. Producer Brian Grazer, composer Hans Zimmer and screenwriter Akiva Goldsman also return, with David Koepp coming on board to help the latter.\nThe film grossed $485 million worldwide and received mixed reviews from critics, who considered it an improvement over its predecessor. A sequel, titled Inferno, was released on October 28, 2016.", "Q42735": "Olympia is the capital of the U.S. state of Washington and the county seat and largest city of Thurston County. European settlers claimed the area in 1846, with the Treaty of Medicine Creek initiated in 1854, and the Treaty of Olympia initiated in January 1856.Olympia was incorporated as a town on January 28, 1859, and as a City in 1882. The population was 46,479 as of the 2010 census, making it the 24th largest city in the state. The city borders Lacey to the east and Tumwater to the south. Olympia is a cultural center of the southern Puget Sound region. Olympia is located 60 miles (100 km) southwest of Seattle, the largest city in the state of Washington.", "Q96202": "Curth Flatow (9 January 1920 \u2013 4 June 2011) was a German dramatist and screenwriter who started his career in post-war Germany specializing in light comedy. Flatow was born in Berlin. Many of his plays have been adapted for the big screen. One of his more recent shows is Ein gesegnetes Alter (A Blessed Age, 1996), a vehicle for Johannes Heesters.\nFlatow's 2000 memoir is entitled Am Kurf\u00fcrstendamm fing es an. Erinnerungen aus einem Ged\u00e4chtnis mit L\u00fccken. He died in 2011 in Berlin.", "Q55249": "Henry Kenneth Alfred Russell (3 July 1927 \u2013 27 November 2011) was a British film director, known for his pioneering work in television and film and for his flamboyant and controversial style. His films in the main were liberal adaptations of existing texts, or biographies, notably of composers of the Romantic era. Russell began directing for the BBC, where he made creative adaptations of composers' lives which were unusual for the time. He also directed many feature films independently and for studios.\nHe is best known for his Oscar-winning film Women in Love (1969), The Devils (1971), The Who's Tommy (1975), and the science fiction film Altered States (1980). Russell also directed several films based on the lives of classical music composers, such as Elgar, Delius, Tchaikovsky, Mahler, and Liszt.Film critic Mark Kermode, speaking in 2006, and attempting to sum up the director's achievement, called Russell, \"somebody who proved that British cinema didn't have to be about kitchen-sink realism\u2014it could be every bit as flamboyant as Fellini. Later in his life he turned to making low-budget experimental films such as Lion's Mouth and Revenge of the Elephant Man, and they are as edgy and 'out there' as ever\".", "Q4886528": "Ben Jeffrey Peter Summerskill (born 6 October 1961 in Kent) is Chair of The Silver Line and Director of the Criminal Justice Alliance, a consortium of 135 charities working across the GB criminal justice pathway. He was the Chief Executive of the UK-based lesbian, gay and bisexual equality organisation Stonewall, the largest gay equality body in Europe, from 2003 to 2014. He has a twin sister, Clare, who is a performer. He has also worked as a businessman and journalist. Ben Summerskill is an occasional contributor to The Guardian, The Independent on Sunday, The Observer, The Times, Time Out and other publications. In 2015 he won a Lifetime Achievement Award at the British LGBT Awards In 2017, he was appointed by the UK government to the Council (Board) of ACAS, the Advisory Conciliation and Arbitration Service. He was first appointed a trustee of the Silver Line in 2017.", "Q319773": "Morten Harket (born 14 September 1959) is a Norwegian vocalist and musician, best known as the lead singer of the synthpop/rock band A-ha, which released ten studio albums and topped the charts internationally after their breakthrough hit \"Take On Me\" in 1985. A-ha disbanded in 2010 after they played their last gig in Oslo. In 2015, after each member pursued his own artistic path, A-ha reunited to produce a new album, Cast In Steel, and perform a world tour, kicking off at Rock in Rio in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 27 September 2015. Harket has also released six solo albums. Before joining A-ha in 1982, Harket had appeared on the Oslo club scene as the singer for blues outfit Souldier Blue.\n\n", "Q44344": "Hilary of Poitiers (Latin: Hilarius; c.\u2009310 \u2013 c.\u2009367) was Bishop of Poitiers and a Doctor of the Church. He was sometimes referred to as the \"Hammer of the Arians\" (Malleus Arianorum) and the \"Athanasius of the West\", His name comes from the Latin word for happy or cheerful. In addition to his important work as Bishop, Hilary was married and the father of Abra of Poitiers, a nun and saint who became known for her charity. His optional memorial in the General Roman Calendar is 13 January. In the past, when this date was occupied by the Octave Day of the Epiphany, his feast day was moved to 14 January.", "Q212632": "Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432, IPA: [b\u0250\u02c8r\u02b2is n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 b\u028a\u02c8\u0261aj\u026af] (listen)), better known by the pen name Andrei Bely or Biely (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0411\u0435\u0301\u043b\u044b\u0439, IPA: [\u0250n\u02c8dr\u02b2ej \u02c8b\u02b2el\u0268j] (listen); 26 October [O.S. 14 October] 1880 \u2013 8 January 1934), was a Russian novelist, poet, theorist, communist, and literary critic. His novel Petersburg was regarded by Vladimir Nabokov as one of the four greatest novels of the 20th century.", "Q7327064": "Richard Darwin Keynes, CBE, FRS ( KAYNZ; 14 August 1919 \u2013 12 June 2010) was a British physiologist. The great-grandson of Charles Darwin, Keynes edited his grandfather's accounts and illustrations of Darwin's famous voyage aboard HMS Beagle into The Beagle Record: Selections From the Original Pictorial Records and Written Accounts of the Voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle, which won praise from the New York Review of Books and The New York Times Book Review.", "Q418622": "Akio Toyoda (\u8c4a\u7530\u7ae0\u7537, Toyoda Akio, born 3 May 1956) is a Japanese business executive and the current president of Toyota Motor Corporation. He is the great grandson of the Japanese industrialist Sakichi Toyoda, and the grandson of both the founder of Toyota Motors Kiichiro Toyoda and the founder of the Takashimaya department stores corporation Shinshichi Iida.", "Q183187": "Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques (Arabic: \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e Fahd ibn \u2018Abd al-\u2018Az\u012bz \u0100l Sa\u2018\u016bd; 1921 or 1923 \u2013 1 August 2005) was King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005. He was one of 45 sons of Saudi founder Ibn Saud and the fourth of his six sons who were kings (Saud, Faisal, Khalid, Fahd, Abdullah and Salman).\nFahd was appointed Crown Prince when his half-brother Khalid succeeded another half-brother King Faisal, who was assassinated in 1975. Fahd was viewed as the de facto Prime Minister during King Khalid's reign in part due to the latter's ill health. Fahd ascended to the throne on the death of King Khalid on 13 June 1982.\nKing Fahd is credited for having introduced the Basic Law of Saudi Arabia in 1992. He suffered a debilitating stroke in 1995, after which he was unable to continue performing his full official duties. His half-brother Abdullah, the country's Crown Prince, served as de facto regent of the kingdom, and succeeded Fahd as monarch upon his death in August 2005.", "Q42053": "Isfahan (Persian: \u0627\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646\u200e, romanized: Esfah\u0101n [esf\u00e6\u02c8h\u0252\u02d0n] (listen)), historically also rendered in English as Ispahan, Sepahan, Esfahan or Hispahan, is a city in Iran. It is located 406 kilometres (252 miles) south of Tehran, and is the capital of Isfahan Province.\nIsfahan has a population of approximately 2.0 million, making it the third largest city in Iran after Tehran and Mashhad, but was once one of the largest cities in the world.\nIsfahan is an important city as it is located at the intersection of the two principal north\u2013south and east\u2013west routes that traverse Iran. Isfahan flourished from 1050 to 1722, particularly in the 16th and 17th centuries under the Safavid dynasty when it became the capital of Persia for the second time in its history under Shah Abbas the Great. Even today the city retains much of its past glory. \nIt is famous for its Perso\u2013Islamic architecture, grand boulevards, covered bridges, palaces, tiled mosques, and minarets. Isfahan also has many historical buildings, monuments, paintings and artefacts. The fame of Isfahan led to the Persian pun and proverb \"Esfah\u0101n nesf-e- jah\u0101n ast\": Isfahan is half (of) the world.The Naghsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan is one of the largest city squares in the world. UNESCO has designated it a World Heritage Site.", "Q2498005": "Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Goirigolzarri Tellaeche (born 4 February 1954) is a Spanish economist and executive. He is the current President of Bankia, a position he has held since 2012. He served as President and COO of BBVA from 2001 to 2009.", "Q349622": "Adam Gussow (born April 3, 1958) is an American scholar, memoirist, and blues harmonica player. He is currently a professor of English and Southern Studies at the University of Mississippi in Oxford.", "Q242005": "M\u00e9lanie Georgiades (French pronunciation: \u200b[melani \u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292jad]; born 25 July 1980 in Nicosia), better known by her stage name Diam's ([djams]), is a French rapper and singer of Greek Cypriot origin.", "Q401373": "Ahmed Maher (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u200e pronounced [\u02c8(\u0294)\u00e6\u0127m\u00e6d \u02c8m\u00e6\u02d0he\u027e]; born 2 December 1980 in Alexandria, Egypt) is one of the co-founders of the April 6 Youth Movement, and a prominent participant in the anti-Mubarak demonstrations in Egypt in 2011. He is a civil engineer who works for a construction firm in New Cairo.\nAlong with Asmaa Mahfouz, he founded the April 6 Youth Movement in Spring 2008. Maher attempted to organize several demonstrations after April 2008. However, his efforts were hindered both by interference from Egyptian security forces and internal divisions within the April 6 movement. \nIn June 2010, Maher helped organize a protest against the killing, by Egyptian police, of Khaled Said, a young resident of Alexandria. Maher has expressed support for the potential bid of Mohamed ElBaradei for the Egyptian presidency.He appeared in the 2011 BAFTA award-winning film, How to Start a Revolution.\nMaher was detained on 29 November 2013 for holding a demonstration against a new Egyptian protest law. On 22 December 2013, together with other opposition leaders Ahmed Douma and Mohammed Adel, Maher was sentenced to three years in prison as a punishment for protests against recent steps by the Egyptian military government. Maher was expected to appeal to further judgment. The international community, including the U.S. State Department and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France, criticized the court\u2019s decision in the context of human rights in Egypt. In March 2014 Maher's lawyer complained that Maher, Douma and Adel were beaten by courthouse guards before an appeal hearing. Hamdeen Sabahi has censured the court conviction sentencing Ahmed Maher, Mohamed Adel and Ahmed Douma to three years in prison and a fine of LE50,000 and maintains that Interim President Adly Mansour should issue these and other detained individuals a pardon. The Constitution Party has expressed solidarity with the detainees and their families and requested that the interim President Adly Mansour issue a pardon to Ahmed Maher, Mohammed Adel, and Ahmed Douma, as well as to Loay Abdel Rahman, Omar Hussein, Islam Ahmed, and Nasser Ibrahim.In 2014 he wrote an article for the Washington Post titled \"The U.S. is supporting oppression in Egypt\".On 4 January 2017, he was freed that evening after completing his 3 years jail term. His lawyers state that provisory freedom was given their client and that he could be confined at the police station overnight at the discretion of authorities.", "Q72190": "J\u00f6rg Guido H\u00fclsmann (born May 18, 1966) is a German-born economist of the Austrian School of economics who studies issues related to money, banking, monetary policy, macroeconomics, and financial markets. H\u00fclsmann is professor of economics at the University of Angers\u2019 School of Law, Economics, and Management.\nHe is a member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, a corresponding member of the Pontifical Academy for Life, and a Senior Fellow at the Mises Institute. He is a vice-president of the international Property and Freedom Society, a board member of the Association des \u00e9conomistes catholiques in France, and a scientific board member of the Hayek-Gesellschaft in Germany, of the Austrian Institute of Economics and Social Philosophy, and of the International Academy for Philosophy in Liechtenstein.\nH\u00fclsmann has been the inaugural laureate of the international Franz \u010cuhel Prize for Excellence in Economic Education. Historians of the Austrian School such as Eugen-Maria Schulak and Herbert Unterk\u00f6fler consider him to be one of the most important contemporary Austrian economists in Europe, next to Hans-Hermann Hoppe and Jes\u00fas Huerta de Soto. In the wider heterodox-economics community striving for pluralism in economics he is regarded as a leading expert and world-renowned speaker. He has been interviewed in various media outlets all throughout Europe.", "Q346511": "Sir Arthur Gregory George Marshall, OBE, (4 December 1903 \u2013 16 March 2007) was a British aviation pioneer and businessman, chairman of Marshall Aerospace between 1942 and 1989.", "Q71499": "Hoimar von Ditfurth (15 October 1921, Berlin \u2013 1 November 1989) was a German physician and scientific journalist.\nHe was the father of Christian von Ditfurth, a historian, and Jutta Ditfurth, a writer and journalist.\nDitfurth won many awards during his long career, including the Adolf Grimme Awards in 1968, the Bambi Prize in 1972, and the Kalinga Prize in 1978.", "Q115683": "Michael Arlen (16 November 1895 in Ruse, Bulgaria \u2013 23 June 1956 in New York City), born Dikran Kouyoumdjian (Armenian: \u054f\u056b\u0563\u0580\u0561\u0576 \u0533\u0578\u0582\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0573\u0575\u0561\u0576), was a British essayist, short story writer, novelist, playwright, and scriptwriter of Armenian origin, who had his greatest successes in the 1920s while living and writing in England. Arlen is most famous for his satirical romances set in English smart society, but he also wrote gothic horror and psychological thrillers, for instance \"The Gentleman from America\", which was filmed in 1956 as a television episode for Alfred Hitchcock's TV series Alfred Hitchcock Presents. Near the end of his life, Arlen mainly occupied himself with political writing. Arlen's vivid but colloquial style \"with unusual inversions and inflections with a heightened exotic pitch\" came to be known as 'Arlenesque'.\nVery much a 1920s society figure resembling the characters he portrayed in his novels, and a man who might be referred to as a dandy, Arlen invariably impressed everyone with his immaculate manners. He was always impeccably dressed and groomed, and was seen driving around London in a fashionable yellow Rolls Royce and engaging in all kinds of luxurious activities. However, he was well aware of the latent suspicion of foreigners, mixed with the envy with which his success was viewed by some.\nHis works became an inspiration for famous Hollywood movies such as A Woman of Affairs (1928), starring Greta Garbo and John Gilbert; The Golden Arrow (1936), starring Bette Davis; and The Heavenly Body (1944), starring William Powell and Hedy Lamarr.", "Q808912": "Barrie Colin Keeffe (31 October 1945 \u2013 10 December 2019) was a British dramatist and screenwriter, best known for his screenplay for the 1980 film The Long Good Friday.", "Q386053": "Donald Clark Osmond (born December 9, 1957) is an American singer, dancer, actor, television host and former teen idol. Osmond first gained fame performing with four of his elder brothers as the Osmonds, earning several top ten hits and gold albums. Then, in the early 1970s, Osmond began a solo career, earning several additional top ten hits, including \"Go Away Little Girl,\" (U.S. No. 1) \"Puppy Love,\" (U.S. No. 3) and later, \"Soldier of Love\" (U.S. No. 2). He also recorded the popular song \"I'll Make a Man Out of You\" for the 1998 Disney film Mulan.\nOsmond further gained fame due to the success of the 1976\u201379 variety series Donny & Marie. The Donny & Marie duo also released a series of top ten hits and gold albums and hosted a syndicated and Daytime Emmy Award-nominated 1998\u20132000 talk show. Most recently, Donny & Marie headlined an 11-year Las Vegas residency at the Flamingo Las Vegas (2008-2019).Osmond also successfully competed on two reality TV shows, winning season 9 of Dancing with the Stars and being named runner-up for season 1 of The Masked Singer. He also hosted the game show Pyramid from 2002-2004.", "Q730670": "Fyodor Fyodorovich Petrov (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432) (16 March 1902, Doktorovo, Tula Governorate \u2013 19 August 1978) was a Soviet artillery designer.", "Q249150": "Carl Sigurd Winther (6 October 1887 \u2013 22 December 1962) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party.\nHe was born in Fredrikshald as a son of businessperson Christian Winther (1859\u20131939) and Anna H\u00f8stgaard (1859\u20131931). He took the middle school exam in 1903, and also had training as a petty officer. He started his career in his father's factory, and took over the factory in 1918.He was a member of Sarpsborg city council from 1922. From 1923 to 1931 he chaired the local party chapter. He was a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from the Market towns of \u00d8stfold and Akershus counties during the term 1937\u20131945, and met regularly for Robert Rafn in 1938 and 1939.He was a board member of the Norwegian Gymnastics Federation from 1922 to 1925, and chaired the sports club TIL National after the Second World War. During the war he enrolled in the Norwegian forces during the Norwegian Campaign. After the Norwegian forces lost the campaign, he joined the Norwegian resistance movement. He came close to being apprehended and had to flee to Sweden on 29 January 1945. He died in December 1962 and is buried in Sarpsborg.", "Q134895": "Javier \u00c1ngel Encinas Bardem (Spanish pronunciation: [xa\u02c8\u03b2je\u027e \u03b2a\u027e\u02c8\u00f0en]; born 1 March 1969) is a Spanish actor and environmental activist. Bardem won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the psychopathic assassin Anton Chigurh in the 2007 Coen brothers film No Country for Old Men. He has also received critical acclaim for roles in films such as Jam\u00f3n Jam\u00f3n, Carne tr\u00e9mula, Vicky Cristina Barcelona, Boca a boca, Los lunes al sol, Mar adentro, and Skyfall, for which he received both a BAFTA and a SAG nomination for Best Supporting Actor.\nBardem has also won two Screen Actors Guild Awards, a BAFTA, five Goya Awards, two European Film Awards, a Prize for Best Actor at Cannes (ex-aequo with Elio Germano) and two Volpi Cups at Venice for his work. He is the first Spanish actor to be nominated for an Oscar (Best Actor, 2000, for Before Night Falls), as well as the first Spaniard to win one, for Best Supporting Actor in No Country for Old Men in 2008. In 2011, he received his third Academy Award nomination, and second Best Actor nomination, for the film Biutiful.\nAs of January 2018, Bardem became an environmental activist with Greenpeace for protection of Antarctica.", "Q59315": "Patrick Joseph Leahy (; born March 31, 1940) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Vermont, a seat to which he was first elected in 1974. A member of the Democratic Party, Leahy held the position of president pro tempore of the United States Senate from December 17, 2012 to January 3, 2015, and was thus during that time third in the presidential line of succession. Now in his eighth six-year term of office, he is currently (since the December 2012 death of Daniel Inouye) the most senior member of the Senate, and is also the last of the Senate's \"Watergate Babies\" \u2013 Democrats first elected to Congress in 1974, following President Richard Nixon's August 9, 1974 resignation over the Watergate scandal. Additionally, Leahy remains the only sitting U.S. Senator to have served during the presidency of Gerald Ford. Leahy received the title of President pro tempore emeritus in January 2015.\nThe current dean of the state's congressional delegation, Leahy is Vermont's longest-serving U.S. Senator, and as of 2020 is the only Democrat the state has ever elected to the Senate. He is the former chairman of the Agriculture and Judiciary Committees, and has served as the ranking member of the Appropriations Committee since 2017. In 2001, Leahy was one of the two U.S. Senators targeted by the anthrax attacks that killed five people.\nHe is the longest-serving Democrat in the current 116th Congress.", "Q443140": "Antibodies (German: Antik\u00f6rper) is a 2005 German crime thriller film directed by Christian Alvart and starring Norman Reedus, Wotan Wilke M\u00f6hring and Andr\u00e9 Hennicke. It was released in Germany on 7 July 2005.", "Q455722": "Paulette Cooper (born July 26, 1942) is an American author and journalist whose writing against the Church of Scientology resulted in harassment from Scientologists. An early critic of the church, she published The Scandal of Scientology in 1971. She endured many years of attacks from church leadership and their agents, including lawsuits, smear campaigns, overt and covert surveillance, outright threats, and even a criminal frame-up. Church founder and leader L. Ron Hubbard was reportedly obsessed with her and personally plotted against her.\nThe Church of Scientology instituted a total of nineteen lawsuits against Cooper from all over the world. She countersued them three times before finally settling with the church in 1985.\nCooper has authored or co-authored nearly two dozen books, covering a wide range of topics including travel, missing persons, psychics, and pets, in addition to Scientology. Her books have sold close to half a million copies in total.", "Q284136": "Nikolai Petrovich Batalov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 ; 6 December 1899 in Moscow - 10 November 1937 in Moscow) was a Russian actor. He performed in a number of notable films between 1924 and 1931.", "Q57338": "Percy Mahendra Rajapaksa commonly known as Mahinda Rajapaksa (Sinhala: \u0db8\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca\u0daf \u0dbb\u0dcf\u0da2\u0db4\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2, Tamil: \u0bae\u0bb9\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9c\u0baa\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb7; born 18 November 1945) is a Sri Lankan politician currently serving as the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka since 21 November 2019 after being appointed by his brother, President Gotabaya Rajapaksa. Gotabaya Rajapaksa gained victory in the 2019 Sri Lankan presidential election and became President on 18 November 2019, two days before he announced that he will name his brother Mahinda Rajapaksa to return as the new Prime Minister after two occasions in the same position. Mahinda will be swearing-in as the new Prime Minister of Sri Lanka and officially taking over the office again on 21 November 2019, Thursday and serving under his brother, the President, Gotabaya Rajapaksa as the Prime Minister. He also previously served as Leader of the Opposition from 2018 to 2019, when he turned to take over as Prime Minister from his predecessor Ranil Wickremesinghe. Additionally, he has also served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Kurunegala since 2015. He served as the President of Sri Lanka and Leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party from 2005 to 2015. He became the leader of the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna in 2019, splitting the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.A lawyer by profession, Rajapaksa was first elected to the Parliament of Sri Lanka in 1970, and he served as Prime Minister from 6 April 2004 until his victory in the 2005 presidential election. He was sworn in for his first six-year term as president on 19 November 2005. He was re-elected for a second term on 27 January 2010. He was defeated in his bid for a third term in the 2015 presidential election by Maithripala Sirisena and left office on 9 January 2015.Several months after leaving office, Rajapaksa unsuccessfully sought to become Prime Minister in the 2015 parliamentary election, where the United People's Freedom Alliance was defeated. He was, however, elected as Member of Parliament for Kurunegala District.On 26 October 2018, Rajapaksa was appointed as Prime Minister by President Maithripala Sirisena after the United People's Freedom Alliance withdrew from the unity government. Incumbent Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe refused to accept the dismissal stating that it was unconstitutional, resulting in a constitutional crisis.\nTwo no-confidence motions brought against Rajapaksa were passed by the Sri Lankan Parliament on 14 and 16 November 2018. Both were rejected by President Sirisena stating that proper procedures were not followed. On 3 December 2018, a court suspended Rajapaksa's powers as Prime Minister and ruled that his cabinet could not function until its legitimacy was established. Rajapaksa resigned as Prime Minister on 15 December 2018, with Ranil Wickremesinghe re-appointed as Prime Minister, and Rajapaksa appointed Leader of the Opposition.\n\n", "Q250401": "The Killing Room is a 2009 psychological thriller film directed by Jonathan Liebesman and starring Clea DuVall, Nick Cannon, Chlo\u00eb Sevigny and Timothy Hutton. It premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival. It is being distributed internationally by ContentFilm.", "Q3383543": "Pierre-Vincent Valin (June 1, 1827 \u2013 October 2, 1897) was a businessman and political figure in Quebec, Canada. He represented Montmorency in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1878 to 1887. His name also appears as Pierre Valin.\nHe was born in Ch\u00e2teau-Richer, Lower Canada in 1827, the son of Toussaint Valin, and studied at Quebec. He began working as a shipbuilder in a shipyard on the Saint-Charles River in 1846. In 1853, he set up the shipbuilding company Pierre Valin et Compagnie with two partners; the partnership ended a year later but Valin continued to build ships. He married Marie-Ang\u00e9lique, the daughter of Joseph Talbot, dit Gervais in 1855.\nValin was elected to the municipal council of Quebec in 1871. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Qu\u00e9bec-Est in an 1874 by-election but was defeated in the general election that followed. His election to the House of Commons in 1878 was declared invalid two years later but he was reelected in the by-election that followed. He served as chairman of the Harbour Commission of Quebec from 1879 to 1889. In 1885, he married Marie-Virginie-C\u00e9lina, the daughter of Pierre-Martial Bardy. Later in life, Valin owned ships that transported goods over the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.\nHe died at Quebec City in 1897.\n\n", "Q70787": "Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg (Franziska Sibylle Auguste; 21 January 1675 \u2013 10 July 1733) was Margravine of Baden-Baden. Born a Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg, she was the wife of Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden, a famous Imperial general who was known as the T\u00fcrkenlouis. She acted as consort of the ruler of Baden-Baden (1690\u20131707) and then regent of Baden-Baden (1707\u20131727) for her son Louis George.", "Q61852": "Friedrich Melchior, Baron von Grimm (26 December 1723 \u2013 19 December 1807) was a German-born French-language journalist, art critic, diplomat and contributor to the Encyclop\u00e9die ou Dictionnaire raisonn\u00e9 des sciences, des arts et des m\u00e9tiers. In 1765 Grimm wrote Po\u00e8me lyrique, an influential article for the Encyclop\u00e9die on lyric and opera librettos. Like Christoph Willibald Gluck Grimm became interested in opera reform. According to Martin Fontius, a German literary theorist, \"sooner or later a book entitled The Aesthetic Ideas of Grimm will have to be written.\"", "Q283659": "Barbara Ehrenreich (; born August 26, 1941) is an American author and political activist who describes herself as \"a myth buster by trade\" and has been called \"a veteran muckraker\" by The New Yorker. During the 1980s and early 1990s she was a prominent figure in the Democratic Socialists of America. She is a widely read and award-winning columnist and essayist, and author of 21 books. Ehrenreich is perhaps best known for her 2001 book Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America. A memoir of Ehrenreich's three-month experiment surviving on minimum wage as a waitress, hotel maid, house cleaner, nursing-home aide, and Wal-Mart clerk, it was described by Newsweek magazine as \"jarring\" and \"full of riveting grit,\" and by The New Yorker as an \"expos\u00e9\" putting \"human flesh on the bones of such abstractions as 'living wage' and 'affordable housing'.\" She is a recipient of a Lannan Literary Award.", "Q16402": "Monty Python (also collectively known as the Pythons) were a British surreal comedy troupe who created the sketch comedy television show Monty Python's Flying Circus, which first aired on the BBC in 1969. Forty-five episodes were made over four series. The Python phenomenon developed from the television series into something larger in scope and impact, including touring stage shows, films, numerous albums, several books and musicals. The Pythons' influence on comedy has been compared to the Beatles' influence on music. Regarded as an enduring icon of 1970s pop culture, their sketch show has been referred to as being \u201can important moment in the evolution of television comedy\".Broadcast by the BBC between 1969 and 1974, Monty Python's Flying Circus was conceived, written and performed by its members Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin. Loosely structured as a sketch show, but with an innovative stream-of-consciousness approach aided by Gilliam's animation, it pushed the boundaries of what was acceptable in style and content. A self-contained comedy team responsible for both writing and performing their work, the Pythons had creative control which allowed them to experiment with form and content, discarding rules of television comedy. Following their television work, they began making films, including Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975), Life of Brian (1979) and The Meaning of Life (1983). Their influence on British comedy has been apparent for years, while in North America, it has coloured the work of cult performers from the early editions of Saturday Night Live through to more recent absurdist trends in television comedy. \"Pythonesque\" has entered the English lexicon as a result.\nAt the 41st British Academy Film Awards in 1988, Monty Python received the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Contribution To Cinema. In 1998 they were awarded the AFI Star Award by the American Film Institute. Many sketches from their TV show and films are well-known and widely quoted. Both Holy Grail and Life of Brian are frequently ranked in lists of greatest comedy films. In a 2005 poll of over 300 comics, comedy writers, producers and directors throughout the English-speaking world to find \"The Comedian's Comedian\", three of the six Pythons members were voted to be among the top 50 greatest comedians ever: Cleese at No. 2, Idle at No. 21, and Palin at No. 30.", "Q191583": "The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Swedish: Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien) is one of the royal academies of Sweden. Founded on June 2, 1739, it is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization which takes special responsibility for promoting the natural sciences and mathematics and strengthen their influence in society, whilst endeavouring to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines.\nThe goals of the academy are:\n\nto be a forum where researchers meet across subject boundaries,\nto offer a unique environment for research,\nto provide support to younger researchers,\nto reward outstanding research efforts,\nto communicate internationally among scientists,\nto advance the case for science within society and to influence research policy priorities\nto stimulate interest in mathematics and science in school, and\nto disseminate and popularize scientific information in various forms.Every year the academy awards the Nobel Prizes in physics and in chemistry, the Bank of Sweden's economics prize in Alfred Nobel's memory, the Crafoord Prize, the Sj\u00f6berg Prize and a number of other major awards.\nThe Academy maintains close relations with foreign academies, learned societies and international scientific organizations and also promotes international scientific cooperation. The Academy of Sciences is located within the Stockholm region's Royal National City Park.", "Q78654": "Count Eduard Clam-Gallas ((1805-03-14)14 March 1805, in Prague \u2013 (1891-03-17)17 March 1891, in Vienna) was an Austrian General. He was the eldest son of Count Christian Christoph Clam-Gallas (1771\u20131838), patron of Beethoven, and Countess Josephine Clary-Aldringen (1777\u20131828).\n\n", "Q69981": "Melide is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The village lies very close to the mountain Monte San Salvatore and is directly on the Lake of Lugano. The Melide causeway to the east was built to make it possible to cross to Bissone and to allow a north-south highway to be built.\nMelide is known worldwide for the famous Swissminiatur, a museum that shows famous buildings in Switzerland presented in miniature form.", "Q1791046": "Kudsi Erg\u00fcner (born 4 February 1952 in Diyarbak\u0131r, Turkey) is a Turkish musician. He is considered a master of traditional Mevlevi Sufi music and is one of the best-known players of the Turkish ney flute.", "Q453804": "Michael John Chaplin (born March 7, 1946) is an American actor born in Santa Monica, California. He is the second child and eldest son from Charlie Chaplin's fourth and final marriage, to Oona O'Neill.\nHe was first married to the writer Patrice Chaplin, with whom he has two sons. He remarried Patricia Betaudier, a painter and the daughter of Trinidian painter Patrick Betaudier. He has four children with her, including actresses Carmen Chaplin and Dolores Chaplin.In the mid-1960s Chaplin signed a book contract with British publisher Leslie Frewin to publish his autobiography I Couldn't Smoke The Grass On My Father's Lawn, which was ghostwritten with Tom Merrin and Charles Hamblett. This was a teenage hippie-memoir of drugs and rebellion against a world-famous father. Before its release Chaplin filed an injunction to prevent publication, arguing that it would have a detrimental effect on himself and his family. The injunction was set aside by judges for the Court of Appeal, who argued that Chaplin's contract was binding because he stood to gain from the work's publication, as it launched his writing career.In addition, Chaplin is the author of a novel, The Fallen God, a modern version of the story of Tristan and Iseult.", "Q58584": "Baoding (Chinese: \u4fdd\u5b9a; pinyin: B\u01ceod\u00ecng), formerly known as Baozhou and Qingyuan, is a prefecture-level city in central Hebei province, approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) southwest of Beijing. At the 2010 census, Baoding City had 11,194,372 inhabitants out of which 2,176,857 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 3 urban districts and Qingyuan and Mancheng counties largely being conurbated, on 1,840 km2 (710 sq mi). Baoding is among 13 Chinese cities with a population of over 10 million, ranking seventh.", "Q28860566": "Carole Marie Byard (July 22, 1941 \u2013 January 11, 2017) was an American visual artist, illustrator, and photographer. She was an award-winning illustrator of children's books, and the recipient of a Caldecott Honor, as well as multiple Coretta Scott King Awards.", "Q114012": "Feo Aladag is an Austrian film director, screenwriter, producer, and actress best known for her film When We Leave, which won the 2010 Tribeca Film Festival.\n\n", "Q615625": "Alexander Bengt Magnus Bard (born 17 March 1961) is a Swedish philosopher, author, lecturer, artist, songwriter, music producer, TV personality, religious and political activist, and one of the founders of the Syntheist religious movement alongside his co-author Jan S\u00f6derqvist.", "Q3310868": "Michel Seydoux (French: [s\u025bdu]; born 11 September 1947) is a French businessman and film producer. He also serves as the president and chairman of the French association football club Lille OSC.\nIn 1975-1976, Seydoux worked with director Alejandro Jodorowsky on a film adaptation of Frank Herbert's Dune. The movie was never made due to lack of financing; the story of the project is told in Jodorowsky's Dune, which prominently features Seydoux.In 1997 he was a member of the jury at the 20th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Q740618": "Earle Dickson (October 10, 1892\u2014September 21, 1961) was an American inventor best known for inventing adhesive bandages in the US. He lived in Highland Park, New Jersey, for a large portion of his life.\nDickson was a cotton buyer at the Johnson & Johnson company. His wife, Josephine Knight, often cut herself while doing housework and cooking. Dickson found that gauze placed on a wound with tape did not stay on her active fingers. In 1920, he placed squares of gauze in intervals on a roll of tape, held in place with crinoline. James Wood Johnson, his boss, liked the idea, and put it into production. In 1924, Johnson & Johnson installed machines to mass-produce the once handmade bandages. Following the commercial success of his design, Dickson was promoted to vice president.", "Q37143": "The Group of Eight was an inter-governmental political forum from 1997 until 2014. It had formed from incorporating the country of Russia into the Group of Seven, and resumed operating under that name after Russia was disinvited in 2014.The forum originated with a 1975 summit hosted by France that brought together representatives of six governments: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, thus leading to the name Group of Six or G6. The summit came to be known as the Group of Seven, or G7, in 1976 with the addition of Canada. Russia was added to the political forum from 1997, which the following year became known as the G8. In March 2014 Russia was suspended indefinitely following the annexation of Crimea, whereupon the political forum name reverted to G7. In 2017 Russia announced its permanent withdrawal from the G8. However, several representatives of G7 countries stated that they would be interested in Russia's return to the group. The European Union was represented at the G8 since the 1980s as a \"nonenumerated\" participant, but originally could not host or chair summits. The 40th summit was the first time the European Union was able to host and chair a summit. Collectively, in 2012 the G8 nations comprised 50.1 percent of 2012 global nominal GDP and 40.9 percent of global GDP (PPP).\n\"G7\" can refer to the member states in aggregate or to the annual summit meeting of the G7 heads of government. G7 ministers also meet throughout the year, such as the G7 finance ministers (who meet four times a year), G7 foreign ministers, or G7 environment ministers.\nEach calendar year, the responsibility of hosting the G8 was rotated through the member states in the following order: France, United States, United Kingdom, Russia (suspended), Germany, Japan, Italy, and Canada. The holder of the presidency sets the agenda, hosts the summit for that year, and determines which ministerial meetings will take place.\nIn 2005, the UK government initiated the practice of inviting five leading emerging markets \u2014 Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa \u2014 to participate in the G8 meetings that came to be known as G8+5, but this practice was short-lived. With the G20 major economies growing in stature since the 2008 Washington summit, world leaders from the group announced at their Pittsburgh summit in September 2009 that the group would replace the G8 as the main economic council of wealthy nations. Nevertheless, the G7 retains its relevance as a \"steering group for the West\", with special significance appointed to Japan.", "Q7830645": "The Wolf Dogs Nagoya are a men's volleyball team based in Inazawa, Aichi, Japan. They play in the V.Premier League.", "Q17293": "The 14th Dalai Lama (religious name: Tenzin Gyatso, shortened from Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso; born Lhamo Dhondup; 6 July 1935) is the current Dalai Lama. Dalai Lamas are important monks of the Gelug school, the newest school of Tibetan Buddhism, which was formally headed by the Ganden Tripas. From the time of the 5th Dalai Lama to 1959, the central government of Tibet, the Ganden Phodrang, invested the position of Dalai Lama with temporal duties.The 14th Dalai Lama was born in Taktser, Qinghai, Republic of China. He was selected as the tulku of the 13th Dalai Lama in 1937 and formally recognized as the 14th Dalai Lama in a public declaration near the town of Bumchen in 1939. On 26 January 1940, the Regent Reting Rinpoche requested the Central Government to exempt Tenzin Gyatso from the lot-drawing process of the Golden Urn to become the 14th Dalai Lama. The request was approved by the Central Government. His enthronement ceremony as the Dalai Lama was held in Lhasa on 22 February 1940 and he eventually assumed full temporal (political) duties on 17 November 1950, at the age of 15, after the People's Republic of China's occupation of Tibet. The Gelug school's government administered an area roughly corresponding to the Tibet Autonomous Region, just as the nascent PRC wished to assert control over it.\nDuring the 1959 Tibetan uprising, the Dalai Lama fled to India, where he currently lives as a refugee. He has traveled the world and has spoken about the welfare of Tibetans, environment, economics, women's rights, nonviolence, interfaith dialogue, physics, astronomy, Buddhism and science, cognitive neuroscience, reproductive health, and sexuality, along with various topics of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhist teachings. A recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989 and the US Congressional Gold Medal in 2006, Time magazine named him one of the \"Children of Mahatma Gandhi\" and Gandhi's spiritual heir to nonviolence.", "Q1042737": "Aoi Nishimata (\u897f\u53c8\u8475, Nishimata Aoi) (born June 4, 1977) is a female Japanese visual novel character designer and illustrator who works for Navel.\nHiro Suzuhira and Aoi Nishimata have known each other from high school; their first work, Ritual, was introduced in 1996. In 2003, she joined Navel along with Hiro Suzuhira, illustrating Shuffle!. She then went on to make Really? Really! and We Without Wings (Oretachi ni Tsubasa wa Nai).\nIn April 23, 2016, Nishimata announced her marriage to voice actor Junichi Miyake via her blog. The ceremony was held on May 5, 2015 at Tokyo Disneyland. Nishimata also announced that she published a book containing wedding photo and an essay, titled \"Nishimata Aoi ga Dansei Seiy\u016b to no Kekkon o Kimeta Riy\u016b\" (\u897f\u53c8\u8475\u304c\u7537\u6027\u58f0\u512a\u3068\u306e\u7d50\u5a5a\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u305f\u7406\u7531, lit. \"Why Aoi Nishimata Decided to Marry a Voice Actor\") on June 24, 2016.", "Q355784": "Tony Mansfield (born 19 January 1955) is an English songwriter, musician and record producer.", "Q480484": "\u0160tefan Lux (November 11, 1888 Malacky \u2013 July 3, 1936 Geneva) was a Slovak Jewish journalist, and a Czechoslovak citizen, who committed suicide in the general assembly of the League of Nations during its session on July 3, 1936. He shot himself in order to alert the world leaders of the rising dangers of German antisemitism, expansionism, and militarism.\nAfter shouting \"C'est le dernier coup\" (\"This is the final blow\"), he shot himself with a revolver.Condemning his act, but paying tribute to his cause, the journalist L\u00e9on Savary concluded: \"People bold enough to fight for justice shouldn't kill themselves, but stay at their position.\"\nHis actions were misreported by the world media at the time.Lux was also a writer, a theater actor, and a film director, who published his work under the pseudonym Peter Sturmbusch.\nHe was wounded on more than one occasion during World War I.", "Q333401": "Sir Timothy Hugh Francis Raison (3 November 1929 \u2013 3 November 2011) was a British Conservative politician.", "Q375454": "Agent 3S3: Massacre in the Sun (originally titled Agente 3S3, massacro al sole, also known as Agent 3S3: Hunter from the Unknown and Hunter from the Unknown) is a 1966 Italian adventure-eurospy film directed by Sergio Sollima, here credited as Simon Sterling. This is a sequel to Agent 3S3: Passport to Hell (1965) with Agent 3S3 once again played by George Ardisson. Orietta Berti, a popular Italian singer, sings in English the film's theme \"Trouble galore\".This was filmed on locations in Berlin and Ibiza. It was coproduced by France, where it was released as Agent 3S3, massacre au soleil, and Spain, where is known as 3S3, agente especial and Agente 3S3 enviado especial.", "Q257839": "Creature Comforts is a British stop motion clay animation comedy mockumentary franchise originating in a 1989 British humorous animated short film of the same name. The film matched animated zoo animals with a soundtrack of people talking about their homes, making it appear as if the animals were being interviewed about their living conditions. It was created by Nick Park and Aardman Animations. The film later became the basis of a series of television advertisements for the electricity boards in the United Kingdom, and in 2003, a television series in the same style was released. An American version of the series was also made.", "Q112463": "Ewald Gerhard Seeliger (1877-1959) was a German novelist. Seeliger was a prolific writer who wrote novels mainly set at sea or around Hamburg. He is known for his 1910 novel England's Fiend about a German inventor who takes on the Royal Navy in a new airship, and his 1913 comedy crime story Peter Voss, Thief of Millions which has been adapted into many films. He is sometimes known as E.G. Seeliger.", "Q2670930": "Maurizio Zamparini (born 9 June 1941) is an Italian businessman known for being the owner and director of Italian football club U.S. Citt\u00e0 di Palermo between 21 July 2002 \u2013 27 February 2017 and from 4 July 2017 \u2013 1 December 2018.\nZamparini has business interest in several fields, with Emmezeta department stores being the most important one. He entered into football in 1987, after having bought then Serie C2 club Venezia, saving it from a possible bankruptcy. His investments in the football club led Venezia to reach Serie A in a few years. He sold Venezia in 2002 in order to buy then-Serie B club Palermo from A.S. Roma chairman Franco Sensi with the goal to bring the Sicilian team back to Serie A, a goal that was achieved with promotion in the 2003\u201304 season.\nIn April 2012 he was suspended one year for involvement in third-party ownership; however, this was shortened to 5 months after appeal.On 27 February 2017, Zamparini stepped down as chairman of Palermo after 15 years in charge with over 40 managerial changes (the last one being the appointment of Diego L\u00f3pez as head coach in place of resigning Eugenio Corini a month previous), announcing he had formally sold his controlling stake to an unspecified Anglo-American fund. On 4 July 2017, Paul Baccaglini resigned as Palermo chairmen, falling back into the hands of Zamparini, after the necessary funds were not in place. Zamparini had declared that he would not seek the place of chairman after Baccaglini's resignation. Zamparini currently a member of the board of directors of the club, with a vacant chairman position. Giovanni Giammarva was later appointed chairman in November 2017. On 1 December 2018, Zamparini confirmed the sale of the club to an unnamed London company for the \"symbolic\" price of \u20ac10 (\u00a38.75).", "Q237115": "Joey Lauren Adams (born January 9, 1968) is an American actress and director who has appeared in more than 40 films. She appeared in several Kevin Smith View Askewniverse films, including Chasing Amy, for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.", "Q601888": "Je suis partout (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0259 s\u0265i pa\u0281tu], lit. I am everywhere) was a French newspaper founded by Jean Fayard, first published on 29 November 1930. It was placed under the direction of Pierre Gaxotte until 1939. Journalists of the paper included Lucien Rebatet, Alain Laubreaux, the illustrator Ralph Soupault, and the Belgian correspondent Pierre Daye.", "Q339892": "Mason Douglas Williams (born August 24, 1938) is an American classical guitarist, composer, writer, comedian, and poet, best known for his 1968 instrumental \"Classical Gas\" and for his work as a comedy writer on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour, and Saturday Night Live.\n\n", "Q1643672": "The H\u00f6hronen (1,229 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Prealps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Zurich and Zug. It lies approximately halfway between Lake Zurich and Lake \u00c4geri.\nWest of a secondary summit named Wildspitz (1,205 m) is located the tripoint between the cantons of Zurich, Zug and Schwyz. The tripoint, located at a height of 1,186 metres, is marked by a stone named Dreil\u00e4nderstein.", "Q81597": "New Jersey Drive is a 1995 crime drama film about joy riding black teenagers in 1990s Newark, New Jersey, then known as the \"car theft capital of the world\".\nThe film was written and directed by Nick Gomez. The executive producer was Spike Lee.\nRoger Ebert gave the film three stars.", "Q65163": "Karl August Genzken (born June 8, 1885 in Preetz, Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia \u2013 October 10, 1957 in Hamburg, Germany) was a Nazi physician who conducted human experiments on prisoners of several concentration camps. He was a Gruppenf\u00fchrer (Major General) of the Waffen-SS and the Chief of the Medical Office of the Waffen-SS. Genzken was tried as a war criminal in the Doctors' Trial at Nuremberg.", "Q722923": "Matus Ruvimovich Bisnovat (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0420\u0443\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442, October 23, 1905, Nikopol \u2013 November 8, 1977), Soviet aircraft and missile designer.\nBisnovat attended the Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI), graduating in 1931. In 1938, he headed a research team in Central Aero-Hydrodynamics Institute TsAGI, Zhukovsky, where several high-speed experimental airplanes were developed, the SK-1, SK-2 and SK-3.\nFrom 1942 - 1944 Bisnovat oversaw the development of the \"302\" rocket/ramjet fighter in NII-3, supervised by A. G. Kostikov. In 1946 he became head of Plant no. 293 and a team of engineers formerly in the OKB-293 of Viktor Fedorovich Bolkhovitinov. There Bisnovat managed some later work on the Bereznyak-Isayev Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1 Rocket-powered aircraft. In 1948, with engine designer A.M. Isaev he worked on the supersonic aircraft \"Bisnovat 5\". In 1952 he developed the infrared homing air-to-air missile SNARS-250.\nBisnovat fell prey to a 1953 anti-Semitic campaign (see Rootless cosmopolitan) against \"cosmopolitanism\" instigated by rivals of Lavrentiy Beria. As a result he was ousted as head of Plant 293.\nIn 1954 Bisnovat became head of design bureau KB Molniya, where he oversaw the development of air-to-air missiles R-40, R-60 (missile) and R-73 (missile).\nBisnovat was awarded a doctorate in science in 1965.\nHe died in 1977 from complications due to diabetes.", "Q1059471": "Takahiro Moriuchi (Japanese: \u68ee\u5185 \u8cb4\u5bdb, Hepburn: Moriuchi Takahiro, born April 17, 1988, in Tokyo), known professionally as Taka, is a Japanese musician who is the lead vocalist of the Japanese rock band One Ok Rock. Moriuchi is the main lyricist and composer of his band. In 2017, Kerrang! magazine placed him at number 27 on their list of the \"50 Greatest Rockstars in the World\". He was also listed by Rock Sound magazine as one of \"50 Most Influential Figures in Rock\".Prior to this, he was in the boyband NEWS throughout 2003 until he left the group and the agency. He performs in English and Japanese.", "Q1778196": "Ketil Hvoslef (n\u00e9 Ketil S\u00e6verud; born 19 July 1939 in Bergen, Norway) is a Norwegian composer. He is the son of composer Harald S\u00e6verud.", "Q128933": "Micha\u00eblle Jean FRCPSC(hon) (French pronunciation: \u200b[mika.\u025bl \u0292\u0251\u0303]; born September 6, 1957) is a Canadian stateswoman and former journalist who was the third Secretary-General of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie from 2015 until 2019. She was the first woman to hold the position and held the position until the end of 2018. From 2005 to 2010, Jean was Governor General of Canada, the 27th since Canadian Confederation.\nJean was a refugee from Haiti\u2014coming to Canada in 1968\u2014and was raised in the town of Thetford Mines, Quebec. After receiving a number of university degrees, Jean worked as a journalist and broadcaster for Radio-Canada and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), as well as undertaking charity work, mostly in the field of assisting victims of domestic violence. In 2005, she was appointed governor general by Queen Elizabeth II, on the recommendation of Prime Minister Paul Martin, to replace Adrienne Clarkson as vicereine and she occupied the post until succeeded by David Johnston in 2010. Early in her tenure, comments of hers recorded in some of the film works by her husband, Jean-Daniel Lafond, were construed as supporting Quebec sovereignty and her holding of dual citizenship caused doubt about her loyalties. But Jean denied separatist leanings, renounced her citizenship of France (acquired through her marriage), and eventually became a respected vicereine noted for her attention to the Canadian Forces, Aboriginal Canadians, and the arts, especially youth involvement in them. In 2010, Jean was appointed to a four-year term as the Special Envoy for Haiti for the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.Micha\u00eblle Jean was sworn in as a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada on September 26, 2012.\n\n", "Q185079": "James Broadbent (born 24 May 1949) is an English actor. He won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for his supporting role as John Bayley in the feature film Iris (2001), as well as winning a BAFTA TV Award and a Golden Globe for his leading role as Lord Longford in the television film Longford (2006). Broadbent received four BAFTA Film Award nominations and won for his performance in Moulin Rouge! (2001). He was also nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards.\nBroadbent played Horace Slughorn in the fantasy films Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2 (2011). He joined the cast of the television series Game of Thrones, playing a role of Archmaester Ebrose, in the seventh season (2017). His other notable roles were in Bullets over Broadway (1994), Topsy-Turvy (1999), Bridget Jones\u2019s Diary (2001), Moulin Rouge! (2001), The Gathering Storm (2002), Hot Fuzz (2007), Another Year (2010), The Iron Lady (2011), Cloud Atlas (2012), Brooklyn (2015) and the Paddington films (2014, 2017).", "Q253487": "Mia Sarapochiello (born June 19, 1967), better known as Mia Sara, is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Sloane Peterson in the 1986 comedy film Ferris Bueller's Day Off, and other films such as Legend (1985) and Timecop (1994).", "Q25547": "Kalyani, previously known as Poornitha, is a South Indian film and TV actress.", "Q182070": "Maxentius (Latin: Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus; c. 276 \u2013 28 October 312) was Roman Emperor from 306 to 312. He was the son of former Emperor Maximian and the son-in-law of Emperor Galerius. The latter part of his reign was preoccupied with civil war, allying with Maximinus II against Licinius and Constantine. The latter defeated him at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312, where Maxentius, with his army in flight, purportedly perished by drowning in the Tiber river.", "Q23888": "William Alexander \"Bud\" Abbott (October 2, 1897 \u2013 April 24, 1974) was an American comedian, actor and straight man half of the comedy duo Abbott and Costello.\nGroucho Marx declared Abbott \"the greatest straight man ever.\"", "Q89875": "Josef Fitzthum (September 14, 1896 \u2013 January 10, 1945) was a high-ranking member of the SS and Special Representative of the Reichsf\u00fchrer-SS in Albania during World War II.", "Q121917": "Philippe Antoine Vessaz (20 June 1833 \u2013 25 October 1911) was a Swiss politician and President of the Swiss Council of States (1878) and National Council (1881).", "Q159674": "Jan Bene\u0161 (March 26, 1936 \u2013 June 1, 2007) was a Czech writer, translator, publicist and screenwriter. He was also using pseudonyms Milan \u0160t\u011bpka, Bobisud Mihule, Mojm\u00edr \u010cada, Ing. \u010cada, JAB, JeBe, Sv\u011btlana and others. He is an author of many novels and several historical books. He was a political prisoner of Czechoslovak communist regime, and a Green Beret volunteer. In 1969 after the Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia Bene\u0161 emigrated to United States. He served 20 years at the US Department of Defense. He returned to Czech Republic in 1992 after the change of regime.", "Q87680": "Joannes Baptista Sproll (2 October 1870 \u2013 4 March 1949) was a German bishop and prominent opponent of the Nazi regime.\nSproll was born in Schweinhausen, near Biberach, the son of a street mender, Josef Sproll, and his wife, Anna Maria n\u00e9e Freuer. He attended the Latin school in Biberach and the Gymnasium Ehingen. He studied Catholic theology at the University of T\u00fcbingen from 1890 to 1894. In 1898, he received his Ph.D. for his work on the history of the law and constitution of the T\u00fcbingen monastery of St. George. On 14 June 1927 he became the Bishop of Rottenburg. \nDuring the Nazi era, Sproll often spoke out against the regime, and his abstention from the plebiscite over the Anschluss led to preliminary proceedings and staged demonstrations against him. At the end of August 1938, Sproll was expelled from his diocese and could not return again until 1945. On 1 August 1940 Conrad Gr\u00f6ber, Archbishop of Freiburg, and the Vicar General of the Diocese of Rottenburg (acting for Sproll) protested against the euthanasia programmes in Grafeneck; this was also the year of the protest of the Bishop of M\u00fcnster, Clemens August Graf von Galen. Sproll died in 1949 in Rottenburg am Neckar.", "Q693454": "Hottingen is a quarter in District 7 in Z\u00fcrich.\nIt was formerly a municipality of its own, but was incorporated into Z\u00fcrich in 1893.\nThe quarter has a population of 10,100 in an area of 5.05 square kilometres (1.95 sq mi).\nHottingen is located on the southern side of the Adlisberg. The upper part of Hottingen is called Dolder and is a residential quarter of Z\u00fcrich.\nPoints of interests include, besides Adlisberg, the Villa Tobler, its park and the Theater an der Winkelwiese.", "Q35032": "The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 260 million baptised members. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops in local synods. Roughly half of Eastern Orthodox Christians live in Russia. The church has no central doctrinal or governmental authority analogous to the bishop of Rome, but the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares (\"first among equals\") of the bishops. As one of the oldest surviving religious institutions in the world, the Eastern Orthodox Church has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern and Southeastern Europe, the Caucasus, and the Near East.Eastern Orthodox theology is based on the Nicene Creed. The church teaches that it is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic church established by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, and that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles. It maintains that it practices the original Christian faith, as passed down by holy tradition. Its patriarchates, reminiscent of the pentarchy, and autocephalous and autonomous churches reflect a variety of hierarchical organisation. It recognises seven major sacraments, of which the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in synaxis. The church teaches that through consecration invoked by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church as the God-bearer, honoured in devotions.\nThe Eastern Orthodox Church shared communion with the Roman Catholic Church in the state church of Rome until the East\u2013West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the Pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431 the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, all separating primarily over differences in Christology.\nThe majority of Eastern Orthodox Christians live mainly in Southeast and Eastern Europe, Cyprus, Georgia and other communities in the Caucasus region, and communities in Siberia reaching the Russian Far East. There are also smaller communities in the former Byzantine regions of Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean, and in the Middle East where it is decreasing due to forced migration because of increased religious persecution in recent years. There are also many in other parts of the world, formed through diaspora, conversions, and missionary activity.", "Q515845": "Arthur Michell Ransome (18 January 1884 \u2013 3 June 1967) was an English author and journalist. He is best known for writing the Swallows and Amazons series of children's books about the school-holiday adventures of children, mostly in the Lake District and the Norfolk Broads. The books remain popular and Swallows and Amazons is the basis for a tourist industry around Windermere and Coniston Water, the two lakes Ransome adapted as his fictional North Country lake.\nHe also wrote about the literary life of London, and about Russia before, during, and after the revolutions of 1917. His connection with the leaders of the Revolution led to him providing information to the Secret Intelligence Service, while he was also suspected of being a Soviet spy by MI5.", "Q275440": "Lina Basquette (born Lena Copeland Baskette, April 19, 1907 \u2013 September 30, 1994), was an American actress. She is noted for her 75-year career in entertainment, which began during the silent film era. Talented as a dancer, she was paid as a girl for performing and gained her first film contract at age nine. In her acting career, Basquette may have been best known for her role as Judith in The Godless Girl (1929) The film was based on the life of Queen Silver, known as a 20th-century child prodigy, and feminist and socialist activist.Basquette also was noted for her several marriages, including her first, to the much older noted producer, Sam Warner, founder of Warner Bros. film studio. She had several marriages and a tumultuous personal life. When her film career declined, she returned for a period to dancing and stage performances. After she retired from the entertainment world, in 1947 Basquette moved to Bucks County, Pennsylvania, where she became a noted breeder of Great Danes; her dogs won numerous professional show prizes. She wrote several books on dog breeding as well. Later living in West Virginia, she also served as a judge for the American Kennel Club, and wrote a column.", "Q581956": "Vladimir Valerianovich Pribylovsky (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, 6 March 1956 \u2013 13 January 2016) was a Russian political scientist, historian, journalist, human rights activist, and author of internet database Anticompromat.org on biographies of Russian politicians. He also authored more than 40 books.", "Q636942": "The International Center of Photography (ICP), in the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City, consists of a museum for photography and visual culture and a school offering an array of educational courses and programming. ICP's photographic collection, reading room, and archives are at Mana Contemporary in Jersey City, New Jersey. The organization was founded by Cornell Capa in 1974.ICP is the host of the Infinity Awards, inaugurated in 1985 \"to bring public attention to outstanding achievements in photography by honoring individuals with distinguished careers in the field and by identifying future luminaries\".", "Q327312": "Cellular is a 2004 American action thriller film directed by David R. Ellis. The film stars Chris Evans, Jason Statham, Kim Basinger and William H. Macy in the lead roles while Noah Emmerich, Richard Burgi, Valerie Cruz and Jessica Biel are featured in supporting roles. The screenplay was written by Chris Morgan and Larry Cohen.The film was released on 10 September 2004.", "Q271626": "Alicia Coppola (born April 12, 1968) is an American actress. She became known for playing Lorna Devon in the soap opera Another World from 1991 to 1993. Afterwards, she made guest star appearances in various television series and appeared in films, notably National Treasure: Book of Secrets.", "Q1377734": "The Chernobyl liquidators were the civil and military personnel who were called upon to deal with consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster in the Soviet Union on the site of the event. The liquidators are widely credited with limiting both the immediate and long-term damage from the disaster.\nSurviving liquidators are qualified for significant social benefits due to their veteran status. Many liquidators were praised as heroes by the Soviet government and the press, while some struggled for years to have their participation officially recognized.", "Q198028": "ParaNorman is a 2012 American stop-motion animated dark fantasy comedy horror film directed by Sam Fell and Chris Butler, and written by Butler. It is produced by Laika. The film stars the voices of Kodi Smit-McPhee, Tucker Albrizzi, Anna Kendrick, Casey Affleck, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Leslie Mann, Jeff Garlin, Elaine Stritch, Bernard Hill, Jodelle Ferland, Tempestt Bledsoe, Alex Borstein, and John Goodman. It is the first stop-motion film to use a 3D color printer to create character faces, and only the second to be shot in 3D. In the film, Norman, a young boy who can communicate with ghosts, is given the task of ending a 300-year-old witch's curse on his Massachusetts town, despite hibernating as his uncle said.\nParaNorman was released on August 17, 2012, by Focus Features. It received mainly positive reviews and was a modest box office success, earning $107 million worldwide against its budget of $60 million. The film was nominated for that year's Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film.", "Q1340198": "The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (also known as NASEM or the National Academies) is the collective scientific national academy of the United States. The name is used interchangeably in two senses: (1) as an umbrella term for its three quasi-independent honorific member organizations the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM); and (2) as the brand for studies and reports issued by the operating arm of the three academies, the National Research Council (NRC). The NRC was first formed in 1916 as an activity of the NAS. Now jointly governed by all three academies, it produces some 200 publications annually which are published by the National Academies Press.\n\n", "Q218690": "Raymond Queneau (French: [\u0281\u025bm\u0254\u0303 k\u0259no]; 21 February 1903 \u2013 25 October 1976) was a French novelist, poet, critic, editor and co-founder and president of Oulipo (Ouvroir de litt\u00e9rature potentielle), notable for his wit and cynical humour.", "Q237673": "Ku Hye-sun (Korean: \uad6c\ud61c\uc120; born November 9, 1984) is a South Korean actress, singer-songwriter, director and artist. She gained widespread recognition in the television dramas Pure in Heart (2006), The King And I (2007), Boys Over Flowers (2009), Take Care of Us, Captain (2012), Angel Eyes (2014) and Blood (2015).", "Q95284": "Ephraim Moses Kuh (1731 - 3 April 1790) was a German poet. He wrote more than 5000 poems. A selection of the poems was published after his death in 1792.", "Q3262554": "Louis Louis-Dreyfus (September 6, 1867 \u2013 November 10, 1940) was a member of the French parliament and co-director of the commodity distribution and trading company, Louis Dreyfus Group.", "Q71670": "Frithjof Schmidt (born 17 April 1953 in Bad Harzburg) is a German politician and member of the Alliance '90/The Greens group in the Bundestag. Between 2004 and 2009, he served as Member of the European Parliament for Alliance '90/The Greens, part of the European Greens.", "Q1395969": "Arturo Molina Jr. (born May 31, 1964), better known as Frost (originally Kid Frost), is an American rapper, songwriter and record producer. He is from Los Angeles, California. He is also the father of American record producer Scoop DeVille.", "Q1096566": "Claude Chalhoub (Arabic: \u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0628\u200e\u200e) born in Qaa, Lebanon in 1974, from a Christian musical family of 11 children, attended the Lebanese Conservatoire before entering the Royal College of Music in London as winner of the prestigious Queen Elizabeth Scholarship award. \nHe is fluent in Classical Western music and Arabic improvisation, and was concertmaster for Daniel Barenboim\u2019s \u2018West-Eastern Divan Orchestra\u2019 (1999- 2002). Furthermore, he was invited by Yo-Yo Ma to Tanglewood/USA to support him in his Silk Road Project.\nHis debut release on Teldec Classics International called Claude Chalhoub is the result of an exclusive recording contract with Canadian producer Michael Brook. The compositions consist of western classical elements being blended into a more Indian/Arabic flavor, with the addition of ethnic percussion and electronic effects. Claude Chalhoub plays on a Stradivarius from the Stradivari Society also featuring vocals from Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan. \nHis second album Diwan exclusively in the sphere of classical music was produced by Herzog Records in collaboration with the Gewandhausorchester of Leipzig, Germany. The album offers original compositions for violin solo and orchestra with baroque and oriental sound images.\nIn 2015, he produced the DVD Marionettes Dance, directed by Boris Penth in collaboration with the University of Music & Performing Arts of Vienna, Austria.\nAs a violinist Claude Chalhoub has performed the classical repertoire for violin as well as his own music world-wide and with the most renowned orchestras and magnificent musicians, including the Symphony Orchestras of London, Halle and Holland, Michael Brook, Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan, Tobias Koch, Calefax Reed Quintet, The Edmond Chamber Players to name a few. \nHis repertoire includes Beethoven, Mozart, Khachaturian, Brahms, Bruch Violin Concerto, Korngold Violin Concerto, his own arrangement of Mendelson Violin Concerto in E. An example of his international versatility was a collaboration with the Holland Symfonia and the Dutch National Ballet who played & danced to his music at the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam.\nAs a composer, he is well known to the film as well. His compositions are used in \u2018America Undercover, Persona non grata \u2013 Oliver Stone (2003)\u2019, \u2018Yes \u2013 Sally Potter (2004)\u2019 or \u2018Into the Wild \u2013 Sean Penn (2007)\u2018, he was commissioned by \u2018Koran by heart \u2013 Greg Barker (2011) \u2018 and playing the solos in \u2018India: Kingdom of the Tiger \u2013 Bruce Neibaur (2002), \u2018Caramel \u2013 Nadine Labaki (2007) \u2018 and \u2018Where do we go now \u2013 Nadine Labaki (2011)'.\nIn 2012, he composed and arranged the latest of Majida El Roumi's albums 'Ghazal'.\nAfter many years in Beirut working among others as Dean of the chamber music department at the Lebanese National Higher Conservatory of Music he now lives in Vienna, Austria. \nA film biography on Chalhoub\u2019s life and career called \u2018Singing on the Violin\u2019 by German director Boris Penth (2007) has been broadcast internationally, among others on TV channels WDR, 3Sat, Bayerischer Rundfunk, ABC1, Arte, Euro arts, www.medici.tv, etc.", "Q8047422": "The Yale School of Art is the art school of Yale University. Founded in 1869 as the first professional fine arts school in the United States, it grants Masters of Fine Arts degrees to students completing a two-year course in graphic design, painting/printmaking, photography, or sculpture.\nU.S. News & World Report's 2012 and 2013 rankings rated Yale first in the United States for its Masters of Fine Arts programs. The Yale Daily News reported in February 2007 that 1,215 applicants for its class of 2009 sought admission to 55 places. The Yale Alumni Magazine reported in November 2008 that the School admitted sixty-five applicants from among 1,142 for its class of 2010, and that fifty-six enrolled.\nAny student applying to the school must have an exceptional undergraduate record as well as a complete body of work for presentation. This is further followed by an essay and recommendations. The complete process for an applicant requires great preparation and the process must be completed in accordance with strict guidelines established by the school.", "Q1033870": "Mikl\u00f3s Haraszti (born 2 January 1945, Jerusalem) is a Hungarian politician, writer, journalist, human rights advocate and university professor. He served the maximum of two terms as the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media from 2004 to 2010. Currently he is Adjunct Professor at the School of International & Public Affairs of Columbia Law School, New York and visiting professor at the Central European University (CEU), Department of Public Policy.", "Q77201": "Lutz Heilmann (born September 7, 1966 in Zittau, GDR) is a German politician of the left-wing party Die Linke. He was elected to the Bundestag in the 2005 federal election as a member of the party list in Schleswig-Holstein. Shortly thereafter it was revealed that he had worked for the Stasi (the East German secret police) from 1985 to 1990. Heilmann drew national and international media attention when he caused the website www.wikipedia.de (not the German Wikipedia, but a search portal for it run by Wikimedia Deutschland) to be blocked by a preliminary injunction on November 13, 2008. His Bundestag term ended in 2009, and he failed to be nominated for a second term.", "Q61477": "Konstantin Hierl (24 February 1875 \u2013 23 September 1955) was a major figure in the administration of Nazi Germany. He was the head of the Reich Labour Service (Reichsarbeitsdienst; RAD) and an associate of Adolf Hitler before he came to national power.", "Q785550": "Brian F. Haig (born March 15, 1953) is an American thriller author and Fox News military analyst.", "Q809629": "Baruch Harold Wood MSc OBE (13 July 1909 \u2013 4 April 1989), generally known as B. H. Wood, was an English chess player, editor and author. He was born in Sheffield, England.", "Q558789": "Ann Tizia Leitich (25 January 1896 \u2013 September 3, 1976) was an author and journalist.", "Q228747": "Dame Julia Mary Walters (born 22 February 1950), known professionally as Julie Walters, is an English actress, comedian, and author. She is the recipient of four BAFTA TV Awards, two BAFTA Film Awards, a BAFTA Fellowship, and a Golden Globe. Walters has been nominated twice for an Academy Award, once for Best Actress and once for Best Supporting Actress.\nWalters rose to prominence for playing the title role in Educating Rita (1983), a role she had originated on the West End. She has starred in a number of movies, including Personal Services, Prick Up Your Ears (both 1987), Buster (1988), Stepping Out (1991), Sister My Sister (1994), Billy Elliot (2000), Calendar Girls (2003), Wah-Wah (2005), Driving Lessons (2006), Becoming Jane (2007), Mamma Mia! (2008) and its sequel (2018), Brave (2012), Paddington (2014) and its sequel (2017), Brooklyn (2015), Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool (2017), and Mary Poppins Returns (2018). Walters also played Molly Weasley in the Harry Potter films (2001\u20132011). On stage, she won an Olivier Award for Best Actress for the 2001 production of All My Sons. \nOn television, Walters collaborated with Victoria Wood; they appeared together on several television shows, including Wood and Walters (1981), Victoria Wood As Seen on TV (1985\u20131987), Pat and Margaret (1994), and dinnerladies (1998\u20132000). She has won the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress four times, more than any other actress, for My Beautiful Son (2001), Murder (2002), The Canterbury Tales (2003), and her portrayal of Mo Mowlam in Mo (2010). Walters and Helen Mirren, are the only actresses to have won this award three consecutive times, and Walters is tied with Judi Dench for the most nominations in the category with seven each. In 2008, she released her autobiography book titled That's Another Story. She starred in A Short Stay in Switzerland (2009), which won her an International Emmy for Best Actress. Walters was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to drama.", "Q227474": "Too Beautiful for You (French: Trop belle pour toi) is a 1989 French comedy-drama film written and directed by Bertrand Blier. It tells the story of Bernard (G\u00e9rard Depardieu), a well established BMW car dealer in the South of France, who's cheating on his beautiful wife (Carole Bouquet) with his ordinary-looking secretary (Josiane Balasko).", "Q208497": "\u02bbAho\u02bbeitu Tupou VI (Tongan: \u2018Aho\u2018eitu \u02bbUnuaki\u02bbotonga Tuku\u02bbaho; born 12 July 1959) is the King of Tonga. He is the younger brother and successor of the late King George Tupou V. He was officially confirmed by his brother on 27 September 2006 as the heir presumptive to the Throne of Tonga, as his brother (a bachelor) had no legitimate children. He served as Tonga's High Commissioner to Australia, and resided in Canberra until the death of King George Tupou V on 18 March 2012, when \u02bbAho\u02bbeitu \u02bbUnuaki\u02bbotonga Tuku\u02bbaho became King of Tonga, with the regnal name \u02bbAho\u02bbeitu Tupou VI.", "Q114760": "Ron Huldai (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05df \u05d7\u05d5\u05bc\u05dc\u05b0\u05d3\u05b8\u05bc\u05d0\u05b4\u05d9\u200e; born 26 August 1944) is the current Mayor of Tel Aviv, since 1998. Before he entered his role as Tel Aviv mayor, Huldai served as a fighter pilot and a commander in the Israeli Air Force. After leaving the army as a brigadier general, he entered the business world and was later headmaster of the Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium in Tel Aviv.", "Q68335": "Humbert of Silva Candida, O.S.B., also known as Humbert of Moyenmoutier (between 1000 and 1015 \u2013 5 May 1061), was a French Benedictine abbot and later a cardinal. It was his act of excommunicating the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I Cerularius in 1054 which is generally regarded as the precipitating event of the so-called Great Schism between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Churches.", "Q82934": "Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon, often referred to as Henri de Saint-Simon (French: [\u0251\u0303\u0281i d\u0259 s\u025b\u0303 sim\u0254\u0303]; 17 October 1760 \u2013 19 May 1825), was a French political and economic theorist and businessman whose thought played a substantial role in influencing politics, economics, sociology and the philosophy of science.\nHe created a political and economic ideology known as Saint-Simonianism that claimed that the needs of an industrial class, which he also referred to as the working class, needed to be recognized and fulfilled to have an effective society and an efficient economy. Unlike conceptions within industrializing societies of a working class being manual labourers alone, Saint-Simon's late-18th century conception of this class included all people engaged in productive work that contributed to society, that included businesspeople, managers, scientists, bankers, along with manual labourers amongst others. He said the primary threat to the needs of the industrial class was another class he referred to as the idling class, that included able people who preferred to be parasitic and benefit from the work of others while seeking to avoid doing work. Saint-Simon stressed the need for recognition of the merit of the individual and the need for hierarchy of merit in society and in the economy, such as society having hierarchical merit-based organizations of managers and scientists to be the decision-makers in government. He strongly criticized any expansion of government intervention into the economy beyond ensuring no hindrances to productive work and reducing idleness in society, regarding intervention beyond these as too intrusive.Saint Simon's conceptual recognition of broad socio-economic contribution, and his Enlightenment valorization of scientific knowledge, soon inspired and influenced utopian socialism, liberal political theorist John Stuart Mill, anarchism through its founder Pierre-Joseph Proudhon who was inspired by Saint-Simon's thought and Marxism with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels identifying Saint-Simon as an inspiration to their ideas and classifying him among the utopian socialists. Saint-Simon's views also influenced 20th century sociologist and economist Thorstein Veblen, including Veblen's creation of institutional economics that has included prominent economists as adherents.", "Q885175": "Chase Salmon Osborn (January 22, 1860 \u2013 April 11, 1949) was an American politician, newspaper reporter and publisher, and explorer. He served as the 27th Governor of Michigan from 1911 to 1913. The governor spent time at Possum Poke in Georgia, using it as a retreat and a place to write. He would later die there on April 11, 1949, aged 89.", "Q5968": "Cuneo (Italian: [\u02c8ku\u02d0neo] (listen); Piedmontese: Coni [\u02c8k\u028ani]; French: Coni [k\u0254ni]) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Northern Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the third largest of Italy\u2019s provinces by area.\nIt is located at 550 metres (1,804 ft) in the south-west of Piedmont, at the confluence of the rivers Stura and Gesso.\nCuneo is bounded by the municipalities of Beinette, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Boves, Busca, Caraglio, Castelletto Stura, Centallo, Cervasca, Morozzo, Peveragno, Tarantasca and Vignolo.It is located near six mountain passes:\n\nColle della Maddalena at 1,996 metres (6,549 ft)\nColle di Tenda at 1,871 metres (6,138 ft) - Tunnel of Tenda at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long\nColle del Melogno at 1,027 metres (3,369 ft)\nColle San Bernardo at 957 metres (3,140 ft)\nColle di Nava at 934 metres (3,064 ft)\nColle di Cadibona at 459 metres (1,506 ft).\n\n", "Q11190": "Medicine is the science and practice of establishing the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics, and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, medical devices, biologics, and ionizing radiation, amongst others.Medicine has been around for thousands of years, during most of which it was an art (an area of skill and knowledge) frequently having connections to the religious and philosophical beliefs of local culture. For example, a medicine man would apply herbs and say prayers for healing, or an ancient philosopher and physician would apply bloodletting according to the theories of humorism. In recent centuries, since the advent of modern science, most medicine has become a combination of art and science (both basic and applied, under the umbrella of medical science). While stitching technique for sutures is an art learned through practice, the knowledge of what happens at the cellular and molecular level in the tissues being stitched arises through science.\n\nPrescientific forms of medicine are now known as traditional medicine and folk medicine, though they do not fall within the modern definition of \u201cmedicine\u201d which is based in medical science. Traditional medicine and folk medicine remain commonly used with, or instead of, scientific medicine and are thus called alternative medicine (meaning \u201c[something] other than medicine\u201d, from Latin alter, \u201cother\u201d). For example, evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture is \"variable and inconsistent\" for any condition, but is generally safe when done by an appropriately trained practitioner. In contrast, alternative treatments outside the bounds not just of scientific medicine, but also outside the bounds of safety and efficacy are termed quackery. Quackery can encompass an array of practices and practitioners, irrespective of whether they are prescientific (traditional medicine and folk medicine) or modern pseudo-scientific, including chiropractic which rejects modern scientific germ theory of disease (instead believing without evidence that human diseases are caused by invisible subluxation of the bones, predominantly of the spine and less so of other bones), with just over half of chiropractors also rejecting the science of immunization.", "Q78126": "Georg Ludwig Maurer, since 1831 Georg Ludwig von Maurer (2 November 1790 \u2013 9 May 1872) was a German statesman and legal historian from the Electoral Palatinate.", "Q104573": "Achim Benning (born 20 January 1935 in Magdeburg) is a German actor and director.\nBenning finished his actor training in 1959 and was thereafter engaged at various German theatres. Starting in 1971, he began to work as a director, enabling him to become a director at the Viennese Burgtheater.", "Q314914": "Donald Henry Pleasence (; 5 October 1919 \u2013 2 February 1995) was an English actor. He began his career on-stage in his native Britain before transitioning into a screen career, where he played numerous supporting and character roles including RAF Flight Lieutenant Colin Blythe in The Great Escape (1963), the villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld in the James Bond film You Only Live Twice (1967), SEN 5241 in THX 1138 (1971), and the deranged Clarence \"Doc\" Tydon in Wake in Fright (1971).\nPleasence gained widespread recognition for his role as psychiatrist Dr. Samuel Loomis in Halloween (1978) and four of its sequels, a role for which he was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor. The series' popularity and critical success lead to a resurgent career for Pleasence, who appeared in numerous American and European-produced horror and thriller films. He collaborated with Halloween director twice more, as the President of the United States in Escape from New York (1981), and as the Priest in Prince of Darkness (1987).", "Q156553": "Jan Tore Sanner (born 6 May 1965) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party who serves as Minister of Finance since 2020. He previously served as Minister of Education from 2018-2020 and Minister of Local Government from 2013-2018.", "Q264559": "Ariana Clarice Richards (born September 11, 1979) is an American actress and painter. She is best known for her role as Lex Murphy in the blockbuster film Jurassic Park. Richards won several Young Artist Awards for her acting, but since adulthood has focused on her art career.", "Q12499": "Patrick Janssens is a former Belgian politician, born on 19 September 1956. He was a member of the SP.a and the former mayor of the port city Antwerp.", "Q321777": "James Jacob Ritty (29 October 1836 \u2013 29 March 1918), saloonkeeper and inventor, opened his first saloon in Dayton, Ohio in 1871, billing himself as a \"Dealer in Pure Whiskies, Fine Wines, and Cigars.\" Some of Ritty's employees would take the customers' money and pocket it, rather than depositing the cash that was meant to pay for the food, drink, and other wares. In 1878 while on a steamboat trip to Europe, Ritty became intrigued by a mechanism that counted how many times the ship's propeller went around. He wondered whether something such as this could be made to record the cash transactions made at his saloon. \nAs soon as he got home to Dayton, Ritty and his brother John, a skilled mechanic, began working on a design for such a device. After several failed prototypes, they created their third design, operated by pressing a key that represented a specific amount of money. There was no cash drawer. James and John Ritty patented the design on November 4th, 1879 as \"Ritty's Incorruptible Cashier\". \nThe Rittys opened a small factory in Dayton to manufacture cash registers while still operating the saloon. The company did not prosper and in 1881, James Ritty became overwhelmed with the responsibilities of running two businesses, and sold all his interests in the cash register business. The buyers were a group of investors including Jacob H. Eckert of Cincinnati, a china and glassware salesman who formed the National Manufacturing Company, and John and Frank Patterson, who were then in the coal and railroad business. John H. Patterson became majority owner in 1884, when the company was renamed The National Cash Register Company.\nRitty was not resentful that he did not benefit much from his invention and maintained friendly relations with John H. Patterson and many times was invited to attend various NCR meetings and conferences.\nJames Ritty opened another saloon, the Pony House, in 1882 in a building on South Jefferson Street that was previously a school of French and English for young ladies. For the Pony House, Ritty commissioned wood carvers from Barney and Smith Car Company to turn 5,400 pounds of Honduras mahogany into a bar. The fruit of their labors was a bar 12 feet (3.7 m) tall and 32 feet (9.8 m) wide. The initials JR adorn the center peak and the left and right sections are similar to the interior of a passenger railcar, with the giant mirrors set back about a foot with curved, hand-tooled leather covered elements at the top and curved bezel mirror-encrusted sections on each side. When the Pony House building was torn down in 1967, the bar was saved and today is the bar at Jay's Seafood in Dayton.\nJames Ritty retired from the bar business in 1895. He died of heart trouble in his downtown Dayton Arcade residence. He is entombed with his wife Susan and his brother John (ca 1834\u201328 December 1913) at Dayton's Woodland Cemetery.", "Q96941": "Liselotte Welskopf-Henrich (born Elisabeth Charlotte Henrich and identified in some sources simply as Elisabeth Charlotte Welskopf: 15 September 1901 - 16 June 1979) was a German novelist and historian of the classical period. As a writer she concerned herself with two distinct cultures: that of Ancient Greece and that of the \"North American Indians\" (as they would have been generally known when Welskopf-Henrich was working). As an East German academic she was an influential authority on Ancient Greece. Away from the university she wrote novels concerned with the North American Indians which became classics of East German children's literature.At the age of 10 she wrote a long letter to the Mexican president, urging him to proceed with greater humanity against Yaqui insurgents.\n\n", "Q466115": "Judah Philip Benjamin, QC (August 11, 1811 \u2013 May 6, 1884) was a lawyer and politician who was a United States Senator from Louisiana, a Cabinet officer of the Confederate States and, after his escape to the United Kingdom at the end of the American Civil War, an English barrister. Benjamin was the first Jew to hold a Cabinet position in North America, and the first to be elected to the United States Senate who had not renounced that faith. (He was preceded by his cousin David Levy Yulee, who had renounced Judaism.) He successively held the Cabinet positions of Attorney General, Secretary of War, and Secretary of State of the Confederate States of America.\nBenjamin was born to Sephardic Jewish parents from London, who had moved to St. Croix in the Danish West Indies when it was occupied by Britain during the Napoleonic Wars. Seeking greater opportunities, his family immigrated to the United States, eventually settling in Charleston, South Carolina. Judah Benjamin attended Yale College but left without graduating. He moved to New Orleans, where he read law and passed the bar.\nBenjamin rose rapidly both at the bar and in politics. He became a wealthy planter and slaveowner and was elected to and served in both houses of the Louisiana legislature prior to his election by the legislature to the US Senate in 1852. There, he was an eloquent supporter of slavery. After Louisiana seceded in 1861, Benjamin resigned as senator and returned to New Orleans.\nHe soon moved to Richmond after Confederate President Jefferson Davis appointed him as Attorney General. Benjamin had little to do in that position, but Davis was impressed by his competence and appointed him as Secretary of War. Benjamin firmly supported Davis, and the President reciprocated the loyalty by promoting him to Secretary of State in March 1862, while Benjamin was being criticized for the rebel defeat at the Battle of Roanoke Island.\nAs Secretary of State, Benjamin attempted to gain official recognition for the Confederacy by France and the United Kingdom, but his efforts were ultimately unsuccessful. To preserve the Confederacy as military defeats made its situation increasingly desperate, he advocated freeing and arming the slaves late in the war, but his proposals were only partially accepted in the closing month of the war. When Davis fled the Confederate capital of Richmond in early 1865, Benjamin went with him. He left the presidential party and was successful in escaping from the mainland United States, but Davis was captured by Union troops. Benjamin sailed to Great Britain, where he settled and became a barrister, again rising to the top of his profession before retiring in 1883. He died in Paris the following year.", "Q100715": "Alfons Rosenberg (1902\u20131985) was a German-Jewish author from Munich who wrote Die Welt im Feuer (1983, The World in Fire). An expert on symbolism, he was the author of over forty works. He made important contributions to the understanding of Mozart's operas.", "Q533128": "Julie Ann Felix (June 14, 1938 \u2013 March 22, 2020) was an American-born, British-based folk recording artist who achieved success, particularly on British television in the late 1960s and early 1970s. She later performed and released albums on her own record label.", "Q2102643": "Michael (Georgian: \u10db\u10d8\u10e5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, Mik'el) (died 1329), from the House of Bagrationi, was king of the western Georgian kingdom of Imereti from 1327 to 1329.\nMichael was a son of the Georgian king David VI Narin and his wife, Tamar Amanelisdze, or a Palaeologian princess. In the latter case, Michael might have been named after his Byzantine ancestor, the emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos. Michael opposed accession of his elder brother, Constantine I, on the death of their father in 1293. In a subsequent internecine war, Michael seized control of the provinces of Racha, Lechkhumi, and Argveti. The conflict continued until 1327, when Michael succeeded on the death of the childless Constantine as king of Imereti, although he had claimed the title earlier, as in the 1326 charter sanctioning a reparational payment (sasiskhlo, a Georgian equivalent of weregild) by a certain Gogitashvili to Mikeladze.Michael sought to resubjugate to the crown the great nobles and provincial dynasts (eristavi), who had asserted greater autonomy for themselves in the reign of Constantine I. His efforts were of limited success; all he could achieve was the pledge from the eristavi to pay tribute and provide troops for a royal army.Michael died in 1329. He was succeeded by his son, Bagrat I, who, owing to his minority, never firmly sat on the throne of Imereti and was reduced to the position of a vassal duke by the resurgent king of eastern Georgia, George V \"the Brilliant\", in 1330.", "Q351290": "Patrick Joseph Wilson (born July 3, 1973) is an American actor and singer. He spent his early career starring in Broadway musicals, beginning in 1995. He is a two-time Tony Award nominee for his roles in The Full Monty (2000\u20132001) and Oklahoma! (2002). In 2003, he co-starred in the acclaimed HBO miniseries Angels in America for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie.\nWilson has also appeared in feature films such as The Phantom of the Opera (2004), Hard Candy (2005), Little Children (2006), Watchmen (2009), Insidious (2010), The A-Team (2010), Insidious: Chapter 2 (2013), and as demonologist Ed Warren in James Wan's supernatural horror films The Conjuring (2013), The Conjuring 2 (2016) and Annabelle Comes Home (2019). He has earned himself a reputation as a \"scream king\", due to his frequent casting in horror films.On television, he starred in the CBS drama series A Gifted Man (2011\u20132012), and as Lou Solverson in the second season of FX's anthology series Fargo (2015), for which he received a second Golden Globe Award nomination. In the DC Extended Universe, he portrayed Orm Marius / Ocean Master in the superhero film Aquaman (2018) and he voiced the President of the United States in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016).", "Q116177": "Miguel \u00c1ngel Ruiz Mac\u00edas (born August 27, 1952), better known as Don Miguel Ruiz, is a Mexican author of Toltec spiritualist and neoshamanistic texts.\nHis work is best-received among members of the New Thought movement that focuses on ancient teachings as a means to achieve spiritual enlightenment. Ruiz is listed as one of the Watkins 100 Most Spiritually Influential Living People in 2018. Some have associated Ruiz's work with Carlos Castaneda, author of The Teachings of Don Juan.", "Q1373546": "Eug\u00e8ne P\u00e9reire (1 October 1831 \u2013 \t21 March 1908) was a French financier and politician of Sephardic Jewish origin. The son of Isaac P\u00e9reire of the prominent P\u00e9reire brothers, he founded Banque Transatlantique in 1881.In 1857, P\u00e9reire married Juliette Fould of the Fould family. They had two daughters:\n\nAlice Pereire (1858\u20131931), married to Salomon Halfon, President of Banque Transatlantique 1909\u201323\nMarie Pereire (1860\u20131936), married to Jules Halphen, son of Eug\u00e8ne Halphen of the Halphen familyP\u00e9reire was a member of parliament for the Department Tarn from 1863 to 1869.", "Q96799": "Michael Badal born 10 September 1950 in Santiago de Chile, Chile) is a German television actor. He resides in Munich.", "Q106364": "K\u00e4te Hamburger (September 21, 1896 in Hamburg, Germany \u2013 April 8, 1992 in Stuttgart, Germany) was a Germanist, literary scholar and philosopher. She was a professor at the University of Stuttgart.\nK\u00e4te Hamburger earned her doctorate in 1922 in Munich. Expelled by the Nazis because of her Jewish heritage, she immigrated to Sweden in 1934, where she lived until 1956, earning her living as a language teacher, journalist and writer. She resumed her university career on her return to Germany, writing about Thomas Mann and Rainer Maria Rilke, among others.\nHer examination of the ontological status of literary objects in Die Logik der Dichtung (1957; literally The Logic of Poetry, but an English translation bears the title The Logic of Literature) established her renown in the field of literary theory. Along with Eberhard L\u00e4mmert and Franz Karl Stanzel, K\u00e4te Hamburger contributed in the 1950s to a reorientation of Germanistics in Germany in the direction of a rational and analytic methodology.", "Q1500095": "Merlin is a 1998 television miniseries which originally aired on NBC that retells the legend of King Arthur from the perspective of the wizard Merlin.\nSam Neill stars in the title role in a story that covers not only the rise and fall of Camelot but also the phase in the legendary history of Britain that precedes it.\nThe film deviates from more traditional versions of the legend, notably by including new characters such as Queen Mab and by keeping Merlin through the whole reign of King Arthur over Britain (whereas in older versions Merlin left earlier on in the king's reign). The film was followed by a sequel in 2006, Merlin's Apprentice, which was more loosely connected with traditional Arthurian legend.", "Q328753": "Gary Barlow (born 20 January 1971) is an English singer, songwriter, pianist, record producer, actor and film score producer. He is best known as the lead singer of the British pop group Take That.\nBarlow is one of Britain's most successful songwriters, having written fourteen number-one singles and twenty-four top-ten hits. As a solo artist he has had three number-one singles, six top-ten singles and two number-one albums, and has additionally had seventeen top-five hits, twelve number-one singles and eight number-one albums with Take That. Barlow also is a former judge on The X Factor UK in 2011, 2012 and 2013 and Let It Shine in 2017.Barlow has received six Ivor Novello Awards from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors, including the award for Outstanding Services to British Music. He has sold over 50 million records worldwide.", "Q194160": "Clamart (French pronunciation: \u200b[kla.ma\u0281]) is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 8.7 km (5.4 mi) from the center of Paris.\nThe town is divided into two parts, separated by a forest: bas Clamart, the historical centre, and petit Clamart with urbanization developed in the 1960s replacing pea fields. The canton of Clamart includes only a part of the commune. The other part of the commune belongs to the canton of Le Plessis-Robinson.", "Q106402": "Johann Nepomuk Joseph Florian, Graf von Triva (20 September 1755 \u2013 8 April 1827) was a Bavarian General der Artillerie. He was the first War Minister of the Bavarian kingdom.", "Q35998": "Aria Giovanni (born November 3, 1977) is an American erotic actress and model who was Penthouse magazine's Pet for the month of September 2000. She has modelled in a range of photographic styles including amateur, artistic nude, pinup, fetish, and glamour, and has also had roles in films and television shows.", "Q545900": "The Green Liberal Party of Switzerland (German: Gr\u00fcnliberale Partei der Schweiz, glp; French: Parti vert'lib\u00e9ral, pvl), abbreviated to glp, is a centrist green-liberal political party in Switzerland. Founded in 2007, the party holds sixteen seats in the Federal Assembly as of the October 2019 election.\nThe party was formed on 19 July 2007 by four cantonal branches of the Green Party. Contesting the election in October 2007 in St. Gallen and Zurich, the party won three seats in the National Council. A month later, the party won a seat in the Council of States, with Verena Diener representing Zurich. The party has since expanded across Switzerland, and holds seats in thirteen cantonal legislatures in German-speaking Switzerland and the Romandy. The party reached 5.4% at the 2011 federal election, increasing the number of Members of the National Council from 3 to 12, but suffered a setback in 2015 retreating to 7 seats with 4,6% of the national vote.The Green Liberals are a party of the political centre, as opposed to the left Green Party. They seek to combine liberalism on civil liberties and moderate economic liberalism with environmental sustainability. The party has an autonomous parliamentary group in the Federal Assembly of Switzerland since the 2011 federal election.", "Q692038": "Pizzo Rotondo is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps. At 3,190 metres above sea level, it is the highest mountain lying on the border between the cantons of Ticino and Valais, as well as the highest summit of the Lepontine Alps lying between Nufenen Pass and Lukmanier Pass.\nThe massif of Piz Rotondo separates the valleys of the upper Rhone (Valais) and upper Ticino. About two kilometres north-east lies the Witenwasserenstock, which is the watershed between the basins of the Rhone, Po and Rhine.\nOn the north side lies a relatively large glacier named Gerengletscher, which extends to the ridge of the Witenwasserenstock. On the south side, at Passo di Rotondo, lies a smaller glacier named Ghiacciaio del Pizzo Rotondo.\nThe first ascent by Viktor Haller and his guides on August 5, 1869, started from Bedretto in Ticino over the east face and the (by now nearly gone) Pesciora glacier. Only four days later, the second ascent took place, this time from the other site. F. Schl\u00e4pfer and his guides Rudolf Elmer and Johann Kreuzer, started from Oberwald, and made the first ascent of the north summit via the long Geren valley and the Geren glacier. Only Elmer and Kreuzer traversed to the somewhat higher southern summit.", "Q119522": "Karl Theodor Bleek (19 March 1898 in Kirn \u2013 15 December 1969 in Marburg) was a liberal German politician.\nBleek became a member of Progressive People's Party in 1909 and of the German Democratic Party in 1918. He became Landrat (head of a district) in Landkreis Arnswalde in 1932 and was removed from office by the new Nazi administration in May 1933. Later he was employed by the state again and finally he was treasurer (\"K\u00e4mmerer\") in Breslau. Bleek perhaps became a member of the Nazi party in 1942. Other sources like Hans-Peter Klausch, who listed all former Nazis on behalf of The Left does not mention this membership.\nAfter World War II he was one of the founders of the Free Democratic Party and representative of the left wing of the party. Bleek was the first elected mayor of Marburg after World War II and was a member of the Landtag of Hesse until 1951, when he became a member of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany). From 1957 until 1961, he was the head of the Bundespr\u00e4sidialamt (Office of the Federal President), and, in 1963, he was elected president of the German National Academic Foundation (German: Studienstiftung).", "Q80845": "Sport Club Internacional (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02cc\u0129te\u027en\u0250sjo\u02c8naw]), commonly known as Inter, is a Brazilian professional football club based in Porto Alegre.\nThe club was founded in 1909 by the Poppe brothers, with the clear goal of being a democratic institution without prejudice. Its colors are red and white and its fans are known as Colorados. It is one of the most successful clubs in Brazil and America in recent years, being the third club with the most international titles in Brazil, with 7 trophies. Its historical rival is Gr\u00eamio, with whom it contests the Grenal, one of the greatest derbies of the world.They play in the S\u00e9rie A, the first division of the Brazilian league. The team's home stadium, known as Beira-Rio (\"Riverside\"), was one of the twelve 2014 FIFA World Cup venues and has a capacity of 51,300.\nInternacional is part of a large membership-based sports club with more than 200,000. Internacional was South American champions in 2010, winning their second Copa Libertadores title. The year 2006 was the most successful in Inter's history as they won the Copa Libertadores and the FIFA Club World Cup for the first time, defeating European champions Barcelona in the latter and Club World Cup reigning champions S\u00e3o Paulo in the former.\nOther major honours include the 1975, 1976 and 1979 Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A, the latter being undefeated throughout the campaign, the 2007 and the 2011 Recopa Sudamericana, the 1992 Copa do Brasil, and the 2008 Copa Sudamericana.", "Q128927": "Monsieur Ibrahim (original title: Monsieur Ibrahim et les fleurs du Coran; (French pronunciation: \u200b[m\u0259sj\u00f8 ib\u0281aim e le fl\u0153\u0281 dy k\u0254\u0281\u0251\u0303], Mister Ibrahim and the Flowers of the Qur'an) is a 2003 French drama film starring Omar Sharif, and directed by Fran\u00e7ois Dupeyron. The films is based on a book and a play by \u00c9ric-Emmanuel Schmitt.", "Q64269": "Untersiggenthal is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, located in the Limmat Valley (German: Limmattal).", "Q367044": "Ahmed Ayad (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f) better known by his stage name as Rouiched; was an Algerian comedy actor, born on April 28, 1921 at Algiers and died on January 28, 1999 at El Biar (Algiers).", "Q100073": "Leberecht Migge (March 30, 1881 in Danzig (now Gda\u0144sk, Poland) \u2013 May 30, 1935 in Worpswede) was a German landscape architect, regional planner and polemical writer, best known for the incorporation of social gardening principles in the Siedlungswesen (settlement) movement during the Weimar Republic. Renewed interest in his work in recent decades bears relevance to current concerns about sustainability.", "Q232079": "Two-Minute Warning is a 1976 action thriller directed by Larry Peerce and starring Charlton Heston, John Cassavetes, Martin Balsam, Beau Bridges, Jack Klugman, Gena Rowlands, and David Janssen. It was based on the novel of the same name written by George LaFountaine. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Film Editing.", "Q235716": "Afshan Azad (born 12 February 1989) is a British actress and model. She is best known for playing the role of Padma Patil in the Harry Potter film series, beginning in 2005 with Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. In Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Padma was portrayed by Sharon Sandhu.", "Q572174": "Oomph! is a German rock band from Wolfsburg, formed in 1989. The band pioneered the Neue Deutsche H\u00e4rte movement. Since the band's formation there have been no line-up changes, except for temporary personnel for live performances. They use lyrics in both English and German with a shift from mainly English songs to more German ones on recent albums with the exception of their recent Compilation albums, Delikatessen and Truth or Dare. (GlaubeLiebeTod, Monster, Des Wahnsinns fette Beute, XXV, and Ritual are entirely in German).", "Q1541977": "Graham Waterhouse (born 2 November 1962) is an English composer and cellist. For his own instrument, he composed a cello concerto and Three Pieces for Solo Cello. He has written string quartets and compositions which juxtapose a quartet with a solo instrument, including Piccolo Quintet, Bassoon Quintet and Rhapsodie Macabre. He has set poetry for speaking voice and cello, such as Der Handschuh, and has composed song cycles. His compositions reflect the individual capacity and character of players and instruments, from piccolo to contrabassoon.\nSince 1998, Waterhouse has organised a concert series at the Gasteig in Munich, often playing with members of the Munich Philharmonic. His works have been performed internationally and were recorded. He has been awarded prizes for several of his compositions, and has been composer in residence at institutions in several European countries.", "Q1866941": "Robert Lloyd George MacPhail, (March 22, 1920 \u2013 July 2, 1995) was a Canadian politician and the 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island.\nBorn in New Haven, Prince Edward Island, the son of Robert Archibald MacPhail and Catherine C. MacLean, he was first elected in a 1961 by-election to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island as the Prince Edward Island Progressive Conservative Party candidate in the district of 2nd Queens. He was re-elected in 1962, 1966, 1970, 1974, 1978, 1979 and 1982. He held many cabinet positions including: Minister of Industry and Natural Resources and of Tourism Development (1965\u20131966), Minister of Finance (1979\u20131981), Chairman of the Treasury Board (1979\u20131981), and Minister of Development (1979\u20131980). He was Lieutenant Governor from 1985 to 1990.\nIn 1994, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada.", "Q104215": "Georg Ay (9 June 1900 in Quedlinburg, Province of Saxony \u2013 1 February 1997 in Linz am Rhein) was a German politician, member of the Nazi Party. \nAy first joined the Nazi Party in December 1929 and in 1931 he was appointed Kreisleiter of party circles in Quedlinburg-Ballenstedt. He was a Nazi member of the Reichstag from 1933 until the collapse of the Third Reich in 1945.", "Q69995": "Sorengo is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q68453": "Carona is a former municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Certara, Cimadera, Valcolla and Sonvico merged into the municipality of Lugano.", "Q93187": "Hilary Ann Swank (born July 30, 1974) is an American actress and film producer. She is the recipient of numerous awards for her career, including two Academy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, two Critics' Choice Awards, and a Screen Actors Guild Award.\nSwank made her film debut with a minor role in Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992), before receiving her breakthrough role in the fourth installment of The Karate Kid franchise, The Next Karate Kid (1994). On television, she starred as Carly Reynolds on the eighth season of the Fox teen drama Beverly Hills, 90210 (1997\u20131998). Swank received widespread critical acclaim for her performance as Brandon Teena, a trans man in the biographical drama film Boys Don't Cry (1999), for which she received her first Academy Award for Best Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture \u2013 Drama. For her portrayal of Maggie Fitzgerald in Clint Eastwood's sports drama film Million Dollar Baby (2004), Swank received her second Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress.\nSwank has also starred in other films, including The Gift (2000), Insomnia (2002), The Core (2003), Iron Jawed Angels (2004), Red Dust (2004), The Reaping (2007), P.S. I Love You (2007), Freedom Writers (2007), Amelia (2009), Conviction (2010), New Year's Eve (2011), The Homesman (2014), You're Not You (2014), and Logan Lucky (2017). In 2018, she portrayed Gail Getty on the FX television series Trust.", "Q335064": "Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e, Ukrainian: \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0456\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e, 27 July 1853 \u2013 25 December 1921) was a Ukrainian-born Russian writer, journalist, human rights activist and humanitarian of Ukrainian and Polish origin. His best-known work include the short novel The Blind Musician (1886), as well as numerous short stories based upon his experience of exile in Siberia. Korolenko was a strong critic of the Tsarist regime and in his final years of the Bolsheviks.", "Q579021": "A perfumer is an expert on creating perfume compositions, sometimes referred to affectionately as a Nose (French: le nez) due to their fine sense of smell and skill in producing olfactory compositions. The perfumer is effectively an artist who is trained in depth on the concepts of fragrance aesthetics and who is capable of conveying abstract concepts and moods with fragrance compositions. At the most rudimentary level, a perfumer must have a keen knowledge of a large variety of fragrance ingredients and their smells, and be able to distinguish each of the fragrance ingredients whether alone or in combination with other fragrances. As well, they must know how each ingredient reveals itself through time with other ingredients. The job of the perfumer is very similar to that of flavourists, who compose smells and flavourants for many commercial food products. The practice of perfume-making has recently attracted academic interest among major research funding agencies.", "Q172383": "Pope Sylvester II (c.\u2009 946\u201312 May 1003), originally known as Gerbert of Aurillac, was a French-born scholar and teacher who served as the bishop of Rome and ruled the Papal States from 999 to his death. He endorsed and promoted study of Arab and Greco-Roman arithmetic, mathematics, and astronomy, reintroducing to Europe the abacus and armillary sphere, which had been lost to Latin Europe since the end of the Greco-Roman era. He is said to be the first to introduce in Europe the decimal numeral system using Hindu-Arabic numerals.", "Q67760": "Stabio is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q71102": "Karl Freiherr von Vogelsang (3 September 1818 \u2013 8 November 1890), a journalist, politician and Catholic social reformer, was one of the mentors of the Christian Social movement in Austria-Hungary.", "Q92299": "Birgit Schnieber-Jastram (born 4 July 1946 in Hamburg) is a German politician and representative of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.\n\n", "Q241097": "Cornelia Arnolda Johanna \"Corrie\" ten Boom (15 April 1892 \u2013 15 April 1983) was a Dutch watchmaker and later a writer who worked with her father, Casper ten Boom, her sister Betsie ten Boom and other family members to help many Jews escape the Nazis from the Holocaust during World War II by hiding them in her home. They were caught, and she was arrested and sent to the Ravensbr\u00fcck concentration camp. Her most famous book, The Hiding Place, is a biography that recounts the story of her family's efforts and how she found hope while she was imprisoned at the concentration camp.", "Q102664": "Mikhail Tal (Latvian: Mihails T\u0101ls; Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041d\u0435\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0430\u043b\u044c, Mikhail Nekhem'evich Tal, pronounced [m\u02b2\u026ax\u0250\u02c8i\u026b n\u02b2\u026a\u02c8x\u02b2em\u02b2\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8tal\u02b2]; sometimes transliterated Mihails Tals or Mihail Tal; 9 November 1936 \u2013 28 June 1992) was a Soviet Latvian chess player and the eighth World Chess Champion.\nWidely regarded as a creative genius and one of the best attacking players of all time, Tal played in a daring, combinatorial style. His play was known above all for improvisation and unpredictability. It has been said that \u201cEvery game for him was as inimitable and invaluable as a poem\". He was often called \"Misha\", a diminutive for Mikhail, and \"The magician from Riga\". Both The Mammoth Book of the World's Greatest Chess Games and Modern Chess Brilliancies include more games by Tal than any other player. In addition, Tal was a highly regarded chess writer. He also previously held the record for the longest unbeaten streak in competitive chess history with 95 games (46 wins, 49 draws) between 23 October 1973 and 16 October 1974, until Ding Liren's streak of 100 games (29 wins, 71 draws) between 9 August 2017 and 11 November 2018.The Mikhail Tal Memorial has been held in Moscow annually since 2006 to honour Tal's memory.", "Q227312": "Zsigmond M\u00f3ricz (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0292i\u0261mond \u02c8mo\u02d0rit\u0361s]; 29 June 1879, Tiszacs\u00e9cse \u2013 4 September 1942) was a major Hungarian novelist and Social Realist.", "Q112477": "Wedding Day (Italian: Giorno di nozze) is a 1942 Italian comedy film directed by Raffaello Matarazzo and starring Armando Falconi, Amelia Chellini and Anna Proclemer.It was shot at the Cinecitta Studios in Rome. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Gastone Medin and Gino Brosio.", "Q4153782": "Mikhail Ivanovich Davydov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0434\u043e\u0432; born October 11, 1947) is a Russian doctor and medical scientist. He has received the Russian State Prize Laureate, is an Honored Science Worker of the Russian Federation, Director of the Russian Cancer Research Center, member of the Presidium and Academician of RAS, member and President of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.", "Q1018377": "William Charles \"Buzzy\" Linhart (March 3, 1943 \u2013 February 13, 2020) was an American rock performer, composer, multi-instrumentalist musician and actor.", "Q157103": "Ferdinand IV (8 September 1633 \u2013 9 July 1654) was made and crowned King of Bohemia in 1646, King of Hungary and Croatia in 1647, and King of the Romans on 31 May 1653. He also served as Duke of Cieszyn.\nBorn in Vienna on 8 September 1633, and baptised as Ferdinand Franz, Ferdinand IV was the eldest son of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor and his first wife Maria Anna, the daughter of Philip III of Spain. At a young age, Ferdinand IV took his father's role as Archduke of Austria. In 1646, Ferdinand IV became King of Bohemia as he shared the role with his father Emperor Ferdinand III. He was crowned on 5 August 1646, and also shared the role of Duke of Cieszyn with Ferdinand III. Ferdinand IV also shared the role as King of Hungary and Croatia with his father; his coronation took place on 16 June 1647 in Pressburg, present-day Slovakia.After the French attempted to modify the system of the election of King of the Romans, Emperor Ferdinand III made an opportunity of a recent decline in the prestige of France, and was able to install Ferdinand IV as King of the Romans, and de facto heir to the Holy Roman Empire. He was crowned in Ratisbon (Regensburg, present-day south-east Germany) on 18 June 1653 after gaining the position on 31 May 1653. However, Ferdinand IV unexpectedly died of smallpox in Vienna on 9 July 1654, and was later succeeded by his brother Leopold I as King of the Romans. Prior to his death, it was planned that he would marry Philip IV of Spain's daughter Maria Theresa of Spain, his cousin. Upon the death of Ferdinand III, Leopold I was elected as Holy Roman Emperor.", "Q1298": "Pedro El\u00edas Pablo Montt Montt (American Spanish: [\u02c8pe\u00f0\u027eo m\u00f5nd]; 29 June 1849, Santiago, Chile \u2013 16 August 1910, Bremen, Germany) was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile from 1906 to his death from a probable stroke in 1910. His government furthered railroad and manufacturing activities but ignored pressing social and labour problems.", "Q320327": "William McIlvanney (25 November 1936 \u2013 5 December 2015) was a Scottish novelist, short story writer, and poet. He was known as Gus by friends and acquaintances. McIlvanney was a champion of gritty yet poetic literature; his works Laidlaw, The Papers of Tony Veitch, and Walking Wounded are all known for their portrayal of Glasgow in the 1970s. He is regarded as \"the father of Tartan Noir\" and as Scotland's Camus.", "Q43826": "Wei\u00df Ferdl (28 June 1883 \u2013 19 June 1949, real name: Ferdinand Weisheitinger) was a German actor, humorous folksinger, and author. He appeared in 19 films between 1928 and 1941 and performed regularly at the Platzl, a well-known Munich theater.\nHis famous song Ein Wagen von der Linie Acht is still played to this day. It is a mocking song about Munich people and Munich tram. A Munich school, named after Wei\u00df Ferdl, still has a blue streetcar in the yard, to remember this song.", "Q349391": "Dame Helen Lydia Mirren, (n\u00e9e Mironoff; born 26 July 1945) is an English actor. Mirren began her acting career with the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1967 and made her debut in the West End stage in 1975. She is one of the few performers who have achieved the Triple Crown of Acting in the US. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Queen Elizabeth II in The Queen, the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the same role in The Audience, and has won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie four times.\nMirren's other Academy Award nominations were for The Madness of King George (1994), Gosford Park (2001), and The Last Station (2009). For her role as police detective Jane Tennison on the British television series Prime Suspect, which ran from 1991 to 2006, she won three consecutive BAFTA Awards for Best Actress between 1992 and 1994, and two Primetime Emmy Awards.Some of her other notable film roles were in Cal (1984), for which she won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress, 2010 (1984), The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover (1989), Teaching Mrs. Tingle (1999), Calendar Girls (2003), Hitchcock (2012), The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014), Woman in Gold (2015), Trumbo (2015), and The Leisure Seeker (2017). She has also appeared in the action films Red (2010), Red 2 (2013), The Fate of the Furious (2017), and Hobbs & Shaw (2019).\nIn 2003, she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) for services to drama. In 2013, Mirren was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and in 2014, BAFTA announced that Mirren would be the recipient of the Academy Fellowship.", "Q274004": "Nicole V\u00e9dr\u00e8s (4 September 1911 \u2013 20 November 1965), born Nicole Henriette D\u00e9sir\u00e9e Charlotte Cahen dit Nathan dit Rais, was a French film director and journalist.\n\n", "Q650345": "The Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Freiburg (University of Music Freiburg or Freiburg Conservatory of Music) is a public music academy subsidized by the State of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg for academic research and artistic and pedagogical training in music.", "Q1691708": "Joel Fan (b. United States, July 29, 1969) is an American pianist noted for his work with Yo-Yo Ma and the Silk Road Project, as well as his solo virtuosity and eclectic repertoire.", "Q341915": "Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Part of Northern Virginia, Fairfax County borders both the City of Alexandria and Arlington County and forms part of the suburban ring of Washington, D.C. The county is thus predominantly suburban in character, with some urban and rural pockets.\nAs of the 2010 census, the population was 1,081,726, in 2019, it was estimated at 1,147,532, making it the Commonwealth's most populous jurisdiction, with around 13% of Virginia's population. The county is also the most populous jurisdiction in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, with around 20% of the MSA population, as well as the larger Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area, with around 13% of the CSA population. The county seat is the City of Fairfax, though because it is an independent city under Virginia law, the city of Fairfax is not part of Fairfax County.Fairfax was the first U.S. county to reach a six-figure median household income and has the second-highest median household income of any county-level local jurisdiction in the United States after neighboring Loudoun County.The county is home to the headquarters of intelligence agencies such as the Central Intelligence Agency, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, and National Reconnaissance Office, as well as the National Counterterrorism Center and Office of the Director of National Intelligence. The county is also home to seven Fortune 500 companies, including three with Falls Church addresses; although Falls Church is its own independent municipality.", "Q64241": "Max Knoll (17 July 1897 \u2013 6 November 1969) was a German electrical engineer.\nKnoll was born in Wiesbaden and studied in Munich and at the Technical University of Berlin, where he obtained his doctorate in the Institute for High Voltage Technology. In 1927 he became the leader of the electron research group there, where he and his co-worker, Ernst Ruska, invented the electron microscope in 1931. In April 1932, Knoll joined Telefunken in Berlin to do developmental work in the field of television design. He was also a private lecturer in Berlin.\nAfter World War II, Knoll joined the University of Munich as extraordinary professor and director of the Institute for Electromedicine. He moved to the USA in 1948, to work at the Department of Electrical Engineering at Princeton University.\nIn 1956 he returned to Munich and engaged in a series of experiments at the Technische Hochschule, involving the generation of phosphenes by electrically stimulating the brains of himself and other subjects. He retired in 1966.\n\n", "Q490873": "Jewelry (Korean: \uc96c\uc5bc\ub9ac) was a South Korean girl group formed in 2001 by Star Empire Entertainment. The group was the longest-running Korean girl group (with more than 2 members) until their disbandment in 2015, surpassing super-group Baby V.O.X.", "Q738947": "The Estonian Reform Party (Estonian: Eesti Reformierakond) is a liberal political party in Estonia. The party is led by Kaja Kallas and has 34 members in the 101-member Riigikogu, making it the largest party in the legislature.\nThe party was founded by then-President of the Bank of Estonia Siim Kallas as a split from National Coalition Party Pro Patria. At the 1995 election, it won 19 seats in the Riigikogu, making it the second largest party. The Reform Party replaced the Estonian Centre Party in government in autumn 1995, and remained there until 1996. In 1999, the party lost a seat, but returned to the cabinet in coalition with the Pro Patria Union and the Moderate People's Party. The party has remained in various coalitions since then, with Andrus Ansip as Prime Minister since 2005. At the 2007 parliamentary election, the party won 31 seats, becoming the largest party for the first time, and increased its seat tally again in 2011, with 33 seats. It narrowly won the 2015 general election, losing 3 mandates compared to its 2011 result, ending up with 30 seats. After being in opposition since November 2016, the party won the 2019 parliamentary election with a convincing lead and expanded its number of mandates to 34.\nAs the Reform Party has participated in most of the government coalitions in Estonia since the mid-1990s, its influence has been significant, especially regarding Estonia's free market and low taxes policies. The party has been a full member of Liberal International since 1996, having been an observer member between 1994\u20131996, and a full member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE). The founder and the first chairman of the Reform Party, Siim Kallas, was a Commissioner of the European Commission between 2004 and 2014. He was also one of the five Vice Presidents of the Barroso Commission.", "Q869693": "The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus is an American rock band that was formed in Middleburg, Florida, in 2003. The band is best known for their 2006 single \"Face Down\" from their major-label release Don't You Fake It and has released five studio albums to date. The current members are Ronnie Winter (lead vocals), Joey Westwood (bass), Josh Burke (lead guitar), Randy Winter (rhythm guitar) and John Espy (drums).\n\n", "Q390382": "Hans Axel W\u00e4rmling (22 July 1943 \u2013 12 October 1995) was a Swedish musician and songwriter, and was a founding member and keyboardist of the British rock band, The Stranglers. He co-wrote their 1982 UK Top 10 release \"Strange Little Girl\". He drowned in a boating accident in 1995.", "Q70234": "Gambarogno is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It was created on 25 April 2010 through the merger of the municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira.Gambarogno borders the following municipalities: Alto Malcantone, Ascona, Curiglia con Monteviasco (IT-VA), Locarno, Minusio, Monteceneri, Tenero-Contra, Maccagno con Pino e Veddasca (IT-VA).", "Q66456": "Hans Conrad Julius Reiter (February 26, 1881 \u2013 November 25, 1969) was a German Nazi physician and war criminal who conducted medical experiments at the Buchenwald concentration camp. He wrote a book on \"racial hygiene\" called Deutsches Gold, Gesundes Leben - Frohes Schaffen.Reiter was born in Reudnitz, near Leipzig in the German Empire. He studied medicine at Leipzig and Breslau (now Wroc\u0142aw), and received a doctorate from T\u00fcbingen on the subject of tuberculosis. After receiving his doctorate, he went on to study at the hygiene institute in Berlin, the Pasteur Institute in Paris and St. Mary's Hospital in London, where he worked with Sir Almroth Wright for two years. Reiter was also known for implementing strict anti-smoking laws in Nazi Germany.", "Q819374": "Sir Ernest Oppenheimer (22 May 1880 \u2013 25 November 1957) was a diamond and gold mining entrepreneur, financier and philanthropist, who controlled De Beers and founded the Anglo American Corporation of South Africa.", "Q69765": "Muri bei Bern is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q1370701": "Edwin Eugene Lockhart (July 18, 1891 \u2013 March 31, 1957) was a Canadian American character actor, singer, and playwright. He also wrote the lyrics to a number of popular songs. He became a United States citizen in 1939.", "Q11806": "John Adams (October 30, 1735 \u2013 July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States, from 1797 to 1801. Before his presidency, he was a leader of the American Revolution that achieved independence from Great Britain and served as the first vice president of the United States. Adams was a dedicated diarist and regularly corresponded with many important figures in early American history, including his wife and adviser Abigail Adams, and Thomas Jefferson.\nA lawyer and political activist prior to the revolution, Adams was devoted to the right to counsel and presumption of innocence. He defied anti-British sentiment and successfully defended British soldiers against murder charges arising from the Boston Massacre. Adams was a Massachusetts delegate to the Continental Congress and became a principal leader of the Revolution. He assisted in drafting the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and was its foremost advocate in Congress. As a diplomat in Europe, he helped negotiate the peace treaty with Great Britain and secured vital governmental loans. Adams was the primary author of the Massachusetts Constitution in 1780, which influenced the United States' own constitution, as did his earlier Thoughts on Government.\nAdams was elected to two terms as vice president under President George Washington and was elected as the United States' second president in 1796. He was the first, and only, president elected under the banner of the Federalist Party. During his single term, Adams encountered fierce criticism from the Jeffersonian Republicans and from some in his own Federalist Party, led by his rival Alexander Hamilton. Adams signed the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts and built up the Army and Navy in the undeclared \"Quasi-War\" with France. The main accomplishment of his presidency was a peaceful resolution of this conflict in the face of public anger and Hamilton's opposition. During his term, he became the first president to reside in the executive mansion now known as the White House.\nIn his bid for reelection, opposition from Federalists and accusations of despotism from Republicans led to Adams's loss to his former friend Thomas Jefferson, and he retired to Massachusetts. He eventually resumed his friendship with Jefferson by initiating a correspondence that lasted fourteen years. He and his wife generated a family of politicians, diplomats, and historians now referred to as the Adams political family, which includes their son John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the United States. John Adams died on July 4, 1826 \u2013 the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence \u2013 hours after Jefferson's death. Surveys of historians and scholars have favorably ranked his administration.", "Q517908": "Johann \"Hans\" Joseph Kmoch (July 25, 1894 in Vienna \u2013 February 13, 1973 in New York City) was an Austrian-Dutch-American chess International Master (1950), International Arbiter (1951), and a chess journalist and author, for which he is best known.", "Q257805": "Leith Stevens (September 13, 1909 \u2013 July 23, 1970) was an American music composer and conductor of radio and film scores.", "Q105123": "Matthias Berninger (born 1971), is a former German politician and member of The Greens from 1993 until 2007.From 2001 to 2005, Berninger served as Parliamentary State Secretary at the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection under minister Renate K\u00fcnast in the second cabinet of Chancellor Gerhard Schr\u00f6der. After leaving the government, he was his parliamentary group's spokesperson on economic policy from 2005 until 2007.\nSince 2019, Berninger has been serving as head of public and government affairs at Bayer.", "Q269055": "Jens Severin Gasmann (1776 \u2013 7 May 1850) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician.", "Q162806": "Keith Lionel Jones (born November 8, 1968) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He is currently a hockey studio analyst for NBCSN and a color commentator for Philadelphia Flyers games on sister network NBC Sports Philadelphia. In 491 NHL games, Jones produced a total of 258 points between 1992 and 2000.", "Q66330": "Ingenbohl is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q1368628": "Seth Brooks Binzer (born August 23, 1974), better known by his stage name Shifty Shellshock, is an American musician, best known for being a co-founder and front man of the rap rock band Crazy Town, known for their hit song \"Butterfly\". He has also had a solo music career and appeared in the reality television series Celebrity Rehab 1 and 2 and Sober House 1 and 2.", "Q435203": "Katharine Meyer Graham (June 16, 1917 \u2013 July 17, 2001) was an American publisher. She led her family's newspaper, The Washington Post, from 1963 to 1991. Graham presided over the paper as it reported on the Watergate scandal, which eventually led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. She was the first twentieth century female publisher of a major American newspaper. Graham's memoir, Personal History, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1998.", "Q706117": "Kevin Dunn (born August 24, 1956) is an American actor who has appeared in supporting roles in a number of films and television series since the 1980s.\nHis roles include White House Communications Director Alan Reed in the political comedy Dave, US Army Colonel Hicks in the 1998 version of Godzilla, Alan Abernathy's father Stuart in Small Soldiers, Sam Witwicky's father Ron in the Transformers film series, Oscar Galvin in the 2010 action thriller Unstoppable, and misanthropic Presidential Chief of Staff Ben Cafferty in Veep.", "Q189119": "Edward Morgan Forster (1 January 1879 \u2013 7 June 1970) was an English novelist, short story writer, essayist and librettist. Many of his novels examine class difference and hypocrisy, including A Room with a View (1908), Howards End (1910) and A Passage to India (1924). The last brought him his greatest success. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 16 different years.", "Q237897": "Sara Michael Foster (born February 5, 1981) is an American actress, best known for her role as Jen Clark on 90210. She was a fashion model before moving to the film industry.", "Q4885592": "Benjamin William Elliot (born 11 August 1975) is an English businessman who has served as Co-Chairman of the Conservative Party since July 2019. He is the nephew of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, a member of the British royal family.", "Q29427": "Yitzhak \"Itzik\" Mordechai (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05de\u05e8\u05d3\u05db\u05d9, born 22 November 1944) is an Israeli former general and politician. He served as a member of the Knesset between 1996 and 2001, and as Minister of Defense and Minister of Transport. He retired from political life after being indicted for sexual assaults during his military service and later periods.", "Q312395": "Oliver Taylor Hawkins (born February 17, 1972) is an American musician, best known as the drummer for the rock band Foo Fighters.\nPrior to joining the band in 1997, he was the touring drummer for Alanis Morissette as well as the drummer in a progressive experimental band Sylvia. In 2004, Hawkins formed his own side project, Taylor Hawkins and the Coattail Riders, in which he plays drums and sings. He was voted \"Best Rock Drummer\" in 2005 by the United Kingdom drumming magazine Rhythm.", "Q207954": "Pretty Woman is a 1990 American romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall, from a screenplay by J. F. Lawton. The film stars Richard Gere and Julia Roberts, and features H\u00e9ctor Elizondo, Ralph Bellamy (in his final performance), Laura San Giacomo, and Jason Alexander in supporting roles. The film's story centers on down-on-her-luck Hollywood prostitute Vivian Ward, who is hired by Edward Lewis, a wealthy businessman, to be his escort for several business and social functions, and their developing relationship over the course of her week-long stay with him. The film\u2019s title Pretty Woman is based on \"Oh, Pretty Woman\", written and sung by Roy Orbison. It is the first film on-screen collaboration between Gere and Roberts. \nOriginally intended to be a dark cautionary tale about class and prostitution in Los Angeles, the film was re-conceived as a romantic comedy with a large budget. It was widely successful at the box office and was the third-highest-grossing film of 1990. The film saw the highest number of ticket sales in the US ever for a romantic comedy, with Box Office Mojo listing it as the number-one romantic comedy by the highest estimated domestic tickets sold at 42,176,400, slightly ahead of My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002) at 41,419,500 tickets. The film received mixed reviews, though Roberts received a Golden Globe Award and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance. In addition, screenwriter J. F. Lawton was nominated for a Writers Guild Award and a BAFTA Award.", "Q239662": "Gyula Bartos (born Salamon Prinz; 7 April 1872 \u2013 21 May 1954) was a Hungarian stage and film actor. He performed for many years at the National Theatre in Budapest.\nBartos was born in Szeged and died in Budapest.", "Q60741": "Philipp, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse (6 November 1896 \u2013 25 October 1980) was head of the Electoral House of Hesse from 1940 to 1980.\nHe joined the Nazi Party in 1930, and, when they gained power with the appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor in 1933, he became Governor of Hesse-Nassau. However, he fell out with the Nazis, was arrested in 1943, dismissed as governor the following year and then was sent to the Flossenb\u00fcrg concentration camp, then Dachau, where he remained until being transported to Tyrol by the SS, where he was liberated by Wehrmacht forces on 30 April 1945 and then arrested by U.S. forces on 4 May 1945, being interned until 1947.He was a grandson of Frederick III, German Emperor, and a great-grandson of Queen Victoria, as well as the son-in-law to Victor Emmanuel III of Italy. His relative Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh was named after him.", "Q159648": "Gianteresio Vattimo (born 4 January 1936) is an Italian philosopher and politician.", "Q55922": "Tadeusz Mazowiecki (IPA: [ta\u02c8d\u025b.u\u0282 maz\u0254\u02c8vj\u025btsk\u02b2i] (listen); 18 April 1927 \u2013 28 October 2013) was a Polish author, journalist, philanthropist and Christian-democratic politician, formerly one of the leaders of the Solidarity movement, and the first non-communist Polish prime minister since 1946.", "Q185723": "Phoebe Jane Elizabeth Tonkin (born 12 July 1989) is an Australian actress and model. She is best known for portraying Cleo Sertori in H2O: Just Add Water, Fiona Maxwell in Tomorrow, When the War Began, Faye Chamberlain in The Secret Circle, and Hayley Marshall in The CW series The Vampire Diaries and its spin-off series The Originals.", "Q339110": "The National-Social Association (German: Nationalsozialer Verein, NSV) was a political party in the German Empire, founded in 1896 by Friedrich Naumann. It sought to synthesise liberalism, nationalism and non-Marxist socialism with Protestant Christian values in order to cross the ideological front lines and draw workers away from Marxist class struggle. However, it never grew beyond a minor party of intellectuals which failed to gain mass support in elections.", "Q451791": "Giorgia Meloni (born 15 January 1977) is an Italian journalist and politician who leads Brothers of Italy, a national conservative party in Italy. Meloni served also as Minister of Youth in Silvio Berlusconi's fourth government and president of Young Italy, the youth section of The People of Freedom.\nShe is the co-founder of the right-wing party Brothers of Italy, along with Guido Crosetto and Ignazio La Russa, and on 8 March 2014, she was elected president of the party. She has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies of Italy since 2006.", "Q5754809": "HighTone Records was an American independent record label based in Oakland, California, United States. HighTone specialized in American roots music including, country, rockabilly, western swing, blues and gospel. The label was created by Larry Sloven and Bruce Bromberg in 1983. The label's first release that year was Bad Influence by bluesman Robert Cray. In 1984, the label released Frankie Lee's debut album, The Ladies and the Babies. Some of the label's releases in the late 1980s featured Joe Louis Walker including Cold is the Night and The Gift.\nBetween 1995 and 2000, the label issued three albums by James Armstrong (Sleeping with a Stranger, Dark Night, and Got It Goin' On). From 1997 to 2005 it reissued much of the High Water Recording Company catalogue of LPs on CD. In 1997, Clara McDaniel recorded her debut album, Unwanted Child, which was released on HighTone.In September 2006, the label released a five CD boxed set titled American Music: The HighTone Records Story. This release compiled many of the labels's most influential recordings. In 2008, the company sold the catalog to Shout! Factory, which continued to release reissues and compilations. In 2016, Hightone was bought by Concord Bicycle Music from Shout! Factory.", "Q65639": "Anton-G\u00fcnther, Duke of Oldenburg (Anton-G\u00fcnther Friedrich August Josias von Holstein-Gottorp, Erbgro\u00dfherzog von Oldenburg, Prinz von L\u00fcbeck, ; 16 January 1923 \u2013 20 September 2014) was the head of the Grand Ducal Family of Oldenburg.\nHe was born in Lensahn the son of Hereditary Grand Duke Nikolaus of Oldenburg (1897\u20131970) and his first wife Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1899\u20131948). Duke Anton-G\u00fcnther was a grandson of Frederick Augustus II, the last Grand Duke of Oldenburg, and through his mother a grandson of Friedrich, the last Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont.\nHe studied for a Diploma in Forestry and succeeded as head of the Grand Ducal Family of Oldenburg upon the death of his father, the Hereditary Grand Duke, on 3 April 1970. He died in September 2014 aged 91.\n\n", "Q704700": "John Cowan Hartford (December 30, 1937 \u2013 June 4, 2001) was an American folk, country, and bluegrass composer and musician known for his mastery of the fiddle and banjo, as well as for his witty lyrics, unique vocal style, and extensive knowledge of Mississippi River lore. His most successful song is \"Gentle on My Mind\", which won three Grammy Awards and was listed in \"BMI's Top 100 Songs of the Century\". Hartford performed with a variety of ensembles throughout his career, and is perhaps best known for his solo performances where he would interchange the guitar, banjo, and fiddle from song to song. He also invented his own shuffle tap dance move, and clogged on an amplified piece of plywood while he played and sang.", "Q29572198": "Alva Rogers (born 1959) is an American playwright, composer, actor, vocalist, and arts educator. She is known for the use of dolls and puppetry in interdisciplinary work. Rogers performed in the role of Eula Peazant in Julie Dash's 1991 film Daughters of the Dust. and was a vocalist in the New York City alternative rock band Band of Susans.", "Q310582": "Matthew Paul Miller (born June 30, 1979), known by his Hebrew and stage name Matisyahu (; \u05de\u05ea\u05bc\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5, \"Gift of Yahu\", a Hebrew name of God), is an American Jewish reggae singer, rapper, beatboxer, and alternative rock musician.\nKnown for blending Orthodox Jewish themes with reggae, rock and hip hop beatboxing sounds, Matisyahu's 2005 single \"King Without a Crown\" was a Top 40 hit in the United States. Since 2004, he has released five studio albums as well as two live albums, two remix CDs and two DVDs featuring live concerts. In addition, Matisyahu played the role of Tzadok in The Possession, a supernatural horror film directed by Ole Bornedal and co-produced by Sam Raimi. Through his career, Matisyahu has worked with Bill Laswell, reggae producers Sly & Robbie, and Kool Kojak.", "Q234346": "Meglena Shtilianova Kuneva (Bulgarian: \u041c\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0429\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430; born 22 June 1957) is a Bulgarian and EU politician.\n\n", "Q98788": "Ingo Wellenreuther is a German politician and the current chairman of Karlsruher SC. He has been a CDU member of the Bundestag since 2002.", "Q428520": "The University of Tirana (Albanian: Universiteti i Tiran\u00ebs) is a public university and the largest in Albania. It was established in 1957 as the State University of Tirana through merging of five existing institutes of higher education, the most important of which was the Institute of Sciences, founded in 1947.\nThe main building was planned by Italian architect, Gherardo Bosio at the beginning of 1940. It is situated at the Mother Teresa Square, south of the city center of Tirana.\nThe primary language of instruction is Albanian, but there are a number of faculties of foreign languages which are carried out in English, French, Greek, Italian, Spanish, German, Chinese and other languages.\nThe University of Tirana was founded in 1957 as the State University of Tirana (Albanian: Universiteti Shtet\u00ebror i Tiran\u00ebs), through the merging of five existing institutes of higher education, the most important of which was the Institute of Sciences, founded in 1947. Immediately after the death of Enver Hoxha in 1985, the university was renamed the Enver Hoxha University of Tirana (Albanian: Universiteti i Tiran\u00ebs Enver Hoxha) until 1992.", "Q370262": "Stanley Graham Stephens (born September 16, 1929) is a Canadian-American politician, journalist, and broadcaster who served as the 20th Governor of Montana from 1989 until 1993.", "Q468104": "Jean Louis Joseph Lebeau (3 January 1794 \u2013 19 March 1865) was a Belgian liberal statesman, the second Prime Minister.", "Q101437": "Pope Pius II (Latin: Pius PP. II, Italian: Pio II), born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini (Latin: Aeneas Silvius Bartholomeus; 18 October 1405 \u2013 14 August 1464) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 August 1458 to his death. He was born at Corsignano in the Sienese territory of a noble but impoverished family. His longest and most enduring work is the story of his life, the Commentaries, which is the only revealed autobiography ever to have been written by a reigning pope.\n\n", "Q5494459": "Ha*Ash is an American Latin pop duo from Lake Charles, Louisiana. The band was formed in 2002 by sisters Ashley Grace and Hanna Nicole. The duo's name is a combination of their names. Combining a mixture of pop, ballad, country and singer-songwriter style. The duo is known for the singles \"Lo Aprend\u00ed de Ti\", \"Perd\u00f3n, Perd\u00f3n\" and \"Te Dejo en Libertad\", among others. Because their father worked outside the United States, they were raised half the year in Mexico City and half in Lake Charles.They began performing in church at the ages of 4 and 5 years respectively. When they were 14 and 15, they sang in the music festivals \"Railroad Festival\" and \"The Louisiana Music Cavalcade\". They signed to Sony Music Latin in April 2002, when they were 15 and 16 and they recorded their self-titled debut album Ha*Ash in 2003. This was followed by their second album Mundos Opuestos in 2005. \nIn early 2008, was released third album, Habitaci\u00f3n Doble. The album was recorded in Nashville, Tennessee.This album features a track with the singer Brandi Carlile on the song \"Already Home\", the first English song officially recorded by them. A Tiempo is the fourth studio album released under the Sony Music Latin label on May 16, 2011.\nHa*Ash released their first live album Primera Fila: Hecho Realidad in 2014. Ha*Ash is the youngest group to record a Primera Fila concept album. The CD/DVD has images from their hometown in Louisiana and a live concert filmed in Estudios Churubusco, Mexico City. The duo's fifth studio album, 30 de Febrero, was released on December 1, 2017. On December 6, 2019, the duo was release a video album, entitled En vivo, based on footage from the Mexico concert at the National Auditorium on November 11, 2018.", "Q9544977": "Lana Wachowski (born June 21, 1965) and Lilly Wachowski (born December 29, 1967) are American film and television directors, writers and producers. The sisters are both trans women.Collectively known as the Wachowskis (), they have worked as a writing and directing team through most of their professional film careers. They made their directing debut in 1996 with Bound, and achieved fame with their second film The Matrix (1999), a major box office success for which they won the Saturn Award for Best Director. They wrote and directed its two sequels: The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions (both in 2003), and were involved in the writing and production of other works in that franchise.\nFollowing the commercial success of The Matrix series, they wrote and produced the 2005 film V for Vendetta (an adaptation of the graphic novel by Alan Moore & David Lloyd), and in 2008 released the film Speed Racer, a live-action adaptation of the Japanese anime series. Their next film, Cloud Atlas, based on the novel by David Mitchell and co-written and co-directed by Tom Tykwer, was released in 2012. Their film Jupiter Ascending and the Netflix series Sense8, which they co-created with J. Michael Straczynski, both debuted in 2015; the second season of Sense8 ended the series in 2018 and was Lana's first major creative undertaking without Lilly.Since the series finale of Sense8, the Wachowskis have been working separately on different projects: Lilly is writing and executive-producing Showtime's Work in Progress (2019) with creators Abby McEnany and Tim Mason, while Lana is filming a fourth Matrix film planned for 2021, which she wrote with David Mitchell and Aleksander Hemon.\n\n", "Q704714": "The Provisional Government of the Republic of China (traditional Chinese: \u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u81e8\u6642\u653f\u5e9c; simplified Chinese: \u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c; pinyin: Zh\u014dnghu\u00e1 M\u00edngu\u00f3 L\u00ednsh\u00ed Zh\u00e8ngf\u01d4, or Japanese: Ch\u016bka Minkoku Rinji Seifu) was a Chinese puppet state of the Empire of Japan that existed from 1937 to 1940 during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It had been formed largely on the initiative of Imperial Japanese Army commanders in north China, before securing approval from Japanese government authorities in Tokyo. Thus the Provisional Government had nominal authority in Japanese occupied zones in north China, while to the south the Central China Expeditionary Army established the Reformed Government of the Republic of China in 1938, which had authority in the Yangtze River area. Both essentially served as a local organ of the Japanese military authorities, due to the presence and extensive powers of Japanese advisors within the Provisional Government over native Chinese bureaucrats, and because it never made any attempt to secure international recognition, even from Japan.", "Q6285": "Varese (UK: v\u0259-RAY-zay, -\u2060zee, US: var-AY-say, Italian: [va\u02c8re\u02d0ze] (listen) or [va\u02c8re\u02d0se]; Varesino: Var\u00e9s [\u028ba\u02c8re\u02d0s]; Latin: Baretium; archaic German: V\u00e4ris) is a city and comune in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 55 kilometres (34 mi) north-west of Milan. The population of Varese in 2018 has reached 80,559.It is the capital of the Province of Varese. The hinterland or exurban part of the city is called Varesotto.", "Q124847": "Val\u00e9rie Boissier, comtesse de Gasparin (13 September 1813 - 1894) was a Swiss woman of letters. She was a spokeswoman in topics such as freedom, equality and creativity.", "Q71658": "Caroline Beil (born 3 November 1966 in Hamburg) is a German actress and television presenter. She is best known for the role of Fiona Marquardt in the German soap opera Storm of Love.", "Q115442": "Doris Leuthard (born 10 April 1963) is a Swiss politician and lawyer, and was a member of the Swiss Federal Council between 2006 and 2018. She was elected as President of the Swiss Confederation for 2010 and 2017. As of 19 December 2019 she is a member of the board of the Kofi Annan Foundation.", "Q508182": "Michael Gordon (born Irving Kunin Gordon; September 6, 1909 \u2013 April 29, 1993) was an American stage actor and stage and film director.", "Q105889": "Wieland Speck is a German film director, who since 1992 has coordinated \"Panorama\" at the International Filmfestival Berlin (Berlinale). Panorama showcases new films by established directors, as well as debut works by up-and-coming talents.", "Q68309": "Johann Christoph Wagenseil (26 November 1633 - 9 October 1705) was a German historian, Orientalist, jurist and Christian Hebraist.", "Q152709": "Fantasma d'amore (transl.\u2009Ghost of love) is a 1981 drama film directed by Dino Risi.", "Q687409": "The Polish Workers' Party (Polish: Polska Partia Robotnicza, PPR) was a communist party in Poland from 1942 to 1948. It was founded as a reconstitution of the Communist Party of Poland (KPP) and merged with the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) in 1948 to form the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). From the end of World War II the PPR ruled Poland, with the Soviet Union exercising moderate influence. During the PPR years, the conspiratorial as well as legally permitted centers of opposition activity were largely eliminated, while the communist (also characterized as state socialist) system was gradually established in the country.\nArriving from the Soviet Union, a group of Polish communists was parachuted in occupied Poland in December 1941. With Joseph Stalin's permission, in January 1942 they established the Polish Workers' Party, a new communist party. The PPR established a partisan military organization Gwardia Ludowa, later renamed Armia Ludowa. In November 1943, W\u0142adys\u0142aw Gomu\u0142ka became secretary (chief executive) of the Central Committee of the PPR. On 1 January 1944 the party created the State National Council (KRN), proclaimed to be a wartime parliament of Poland; the body was chaired by Boles\u0142aw Bierut. In June 1944 the Union of Polish Patriots, a rival to the PPR Polish-communist organization operating in the Soviet Union, recognized the KRN as \"the true representation of the Polish nation\". The PPR was initially a small party with marginal support; it grew because of its alliance with the victorious Soviet Union.\nIn July 1944 the Polish communists, working in close cooperation with Stalin and other Soviet leaders, established and declared in liberated Lublin a provisional executive quasi-government of Poland, which they called the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN). In the PKWN Manifesto issued at that time, the PKWN claimed its authority in Poland and promised post-war reconstruction as well as land reform. The KRN and the PKWN were established when the Polish government-in-exile in London was the internationally recognized government of Poland. By the end of 1944, the PKWN was replaced with the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland, recognized by the Soviet Union, with which it signed in April 1945 a 20-year friendship, alliance and cooperation treaty. As a result of the Yalta Conference Allied determinations, the Provisional Government was converted to a formally coalition Provisional Government of National Unity (TRJN) in June 1945. The Polish government-in-exile was excluded from participation and the PPR ended up controlling the new government, which was soon recognized by the United States, the United Kingdom, and other countries. Establishment of a permanent government was conditioned on national elections being held, as mandated by the Allies. In the meantime the PPR engaged in a massive program of rebuilding the country and its industry, in combating and containing the various forms and manifestations of opposition to its rule, but also in manipulating the election preparation process to ensure the party's lasting domination.\nThe 1946 Polish people's referendum, followed by the 1947 Polish legislative election, were rigged and declared a decisive victory of the PPR's \"Democratic Bloc\". The only legal opposition, the Polish People's Party, was marginalized. Gomu\u0142ka's victory, however, was short-lived. Pressured by the Cold War, Stalin had no more patience for the Polish leader's national brand of communism, and from August 1948 the PPR was led by Bierut. In December 1948, the PPR and the purged PPS were merged to form the PZPR. What was left of democratic and pluralistic practices and pretenses was abandoned and Poland entered its period of Stalinist rule.", "Q270510": "The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder from a screenplay he co-wrote with I. A. L. Diamond, starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine, alongside Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston, Jack Kruschen, David Lewis, Willard Waterman, David White, Hope Holiday and Edie Adams.\nThe story follows C.C. \u201cBud\u201d Baxter (Lemmon), an insurance clerk who, in the hope of climbing the corporate ladder, lets more senior coworkers use his Upper West Side apartment to conduct extramarital affairs. Bud is attracted to the elevator operator, Fran Kubelik (MacLaine), who in turn is having an affair with Bud's immediate boss, Sheldrake (MacMurray).\nThe Apartment was distributed by United Artists to favorable reviews and commercial success, despite controversy owing to its subject matter. At the 33rd Academy Awards, The Apartment was nominated for ten awards and won five, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Screenplay. Lemmon and MacLaine were Oscar-nominated and won Golden Globe Awards for their performances in the film. It provided the basis for Promises, Promises, a 1968 Broadway musical by Burt Bacharach, Hal David and Neil Simon.\nIn the years since its release, The Apartment has come to be regarded as one of the greatest films ever made, appearing in lists by the American Film Institute and Sight and Sound magazine, and being selected by the United States Library of Congress for preservation in the National Film Registry.", "Q750345": "Sir Gerald Bernard Kaufman (21 June 1930 \u2013 26 February 2017) was a British Labour politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1970 until his death in 2017, first for Manchester Ardwick and then for Manchester Gorton. He was a government minister in the 1970s and a member of the Shadow Cabinet in the 1980s. Knighted in 2004, he became Father of the House in 2015 and was the oldest sitting MP of the UK Parliament at the time of his death.\nHe was known for his forthright views, but very rarely voted against the Labour Party whip, thus his two rebellions carried greater weight. Kaufman was a critic of the state of Israel and came under criticism himself during the 2009 parliamentary expenses scandal.", "Q155700": "Christopher Maurice Brown (born May 5, 1989) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actor. Born in Tappahannock, Virginia, he was involved in his church choir and several local talent shows from a young age. Having signed with Jive Records in 2004, Brown released his self-titled debut studio album the following year, which became certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).With his first single \"Run It!\" peaking atop the Billboard Hot 100, Brown became the first male artist since 1997 to have his debut single top the chart. His second album Exclusive (2007) spawned his second Billboard Hot 100 number one \"Kiss Kiss\". In addition to his solo commercial success, Brown has been featured on several successful singles such as \"No Air\", a duet with singer Jordin Sparks, \"Shortie Like Mine\" with the rapper Bow Wow and \"Shawty Get Loose\" alongside Lil Mama and T-Pain. In 2009, Brown received significant media attention after pleading guilty to felony assault of his then girlfriend, singer Rihanna. Following the release of his third album Graffiti in the same year of the incident, Brown's fourth album F.A.M.E. (2011) became his first to top the Billboard 200 and earned him the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album. His fifth album Fortune, released in 2012, also topped the Billboard 200. Following the releases of X, Royalty and Heartbreak on a Full Moon, Brown's ninth studio album Indigo (2019) became his third Billboard 200 number-one album. It included his biggest hit in years \"No Guidance\" which peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100.Brown has sold over 140 million records worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling music artists. Throughout his career, Brown has won several awards, including a Grammy Award, 15 BET Awards, four Billboard Music Awards, and six Soul Train Music Awards. According to Billboard, Brown has the seventh most Billboard Hot 100 entries with 93. Brown has pursued an acting career, and his personal life has been publicized. In 2007, he made his on-screen feature film debut in Stomp the Yard, and appeared as a guest on the television series The O.C. Other films Brown has appeared in include This Christmas (2007), Takers (2010), Think Like a Man (2012), and Battle of the Year (2013).", "Q270276": "Anne Igartiburu Verdes (born 18 February 1969 in Elorrio, Biscay, Spain) is a Spanish Basque television presenter and actress.", "Q1272670": "Jonas Nay ([\u02c8jo\u02d0nas na\u026a], born 20 September 1990) is a German actor and musician known for starring as Martin Rauch in Deutschland 83, the first German-language TV series shown on American television, and its sequel, Deutschland 86.\n\n", "Q85901": "Friedrich Krafft Graf von Crailsheim (15 March 1841, in Ansbach \u2013 13 February 1926 in Munich, Bavaria) was a Bavarian politician who was the Foreign Minister of Bavaria from 1880 to 1903.", "Q133485": "A rabbi is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi, following a course of study of Jewish texts such as the Talmud.\nThe basic form of the rabbi developed in the Pharisaic and Talmudic era, when learned teachers assembled to codify Judaism's written and oral laws. The title \"rabbi\" was first used in the first century CE. In more recent centuries, the duties of a rabbi became increasingly influenced by the duties of the Protestant Christian minister, hence the title \"pulpit rabbis\", and in 19th-century Germany and the United States rabbinic activities including sermons, pastoral counseling, and representing the community to the outside, all increased in importance.\nWithin the various Jewish denominations there are different requirements for rabbinic ordination, and differences in opinion regarding who is recognized as a rabbi. For example, Orthodox Judaism does not ordain women as rabbis. Non-Orthodox movements have chosen to do so for what they view as halakhic reasons (Conservative Judaism) as well as ethical reasons (Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism).", "Q226030": "Irena Veisait\u0117 (born 9 January 1928, in Kaunas) is a Lithuanian theatre scholar, intellectual and human rights activist.\nVeisait\u0117 is a Lithuanian Jew and survived the Holocaust. She earned a doctorate in Leningrad in 1963 with a dissertation on the poetry of Heinrich Heine, and was a lecturer at the teacher's college in Vilnius from 1953 to 1997. She has also been head of the Thomas Mann Cultural Centre in Nida, Lithuania. She was awarded the Goethe Medal in 2012 for her contribution to the cultural exchange between Germany and Lithuania.She is the long-term President of the Open Society in Lithuania Foundation.\nShe is also known for addressing communism in her work, and has said in an interview with Deutsche Welle that \"the Soviets were very, very bad. Different from the Nazis, but not better.\"", "Q527607": "Sir Harold John Boyer Harding (6 January 1900 \u2013 27 March 1986) was a British civil engineer. Harding was educated at Christ's Hospital and the City and Guilds College (part of Imperial College London), interrupting his studies 1918-19 with a one-year period spent as a cadet in the Officers' Training Corps. Following graduation Harding worked for Mowlem where he specialised in tunnelling work for London Underground including the reconstruction of Piccadilly Circus tube station and the expansion of the Central line. In the 1930s he and Mowlem were instrumental in introducing geotechnical processes to the UK.Upon the outbreak of the Second World War, Harding was placed in charge of defence and emergency repair of underground services in London. He built pre-cast concrete petrol barges and eight of the Mulberry Harbour segments used in the Normandy Landings. He was also a founding director of Soil Mechanics Ltd, a subsidiary of Mowlem dedicated to work in geotechnics. After the war Harding was involved with investigations into the feasibility of construction of a Channel Tunnel and sat on the tribunal investigating the Aberfan disaster of 1966.\nHarding was elected president of the Institution of Civil Engineers, was the founding chairman of the British Tunnelling Society, fellow of the City and Guilds of London Institute and fellow of Imperial College. He was also a founder fellow of the Fellowship of Engineering and governor of three separate academic institutions: Westminster Technical College. Northampton Engineering College, and Imperial College. He received a knighthood in 1968.", "Q519931": "Andr\u00e9 Jaunet (May 17, 1911 \u2013 December 13, 1988) was a flutist in the same genre as Marcel Moyse. In later years he worked as a teacher in Zurich, Switzerland, where he taught flautists Peter-Lukas Graf and Aur\u00e8le Nicolet, among others.", "Q706665": "Ricardo Semler (born 1959 in S\u00e3o Paulo) is the CEO and majority owner of Semco Partners, a Brazilian company best known for its radical form of industrial democracy and corporate re-engineering. Under his ownership, revenue has grown from 4 million US dollars in 1982 to 212 million US dollars in 2003 and his innovative business management policies have attracted widespread interest around the world. Time featured him among its Global 100 young leaders profile series published in 1994 while the World Economic Forum also nominated him. The Wall Street Journal America Economia, The Wall Street Journal's Latin American magazine, named him Latin American businessman of the year in 1990 and he was named Brazilian businessman of the year in 1990 and 1992. Virando a Pr\u00f3pria Mesa (\"Turning the Table on Yourself\"), his first book, became the best selling non-fiction book in the history of Brazil. He has since written two books in English on the transformation of Semco and workplace re-engineering: Maverick, an English version of \"Turning Your Own Table\" published in 1993 and an international bestseller, and The Seven-Day Weekend in 2003.", "Q70220": "August Friedrich Ferdinand Graf von der Goltz (July 20, 1765 \u2013 January 17, 1832) was Minister for Foreign Affairs of Prussia between 1808 and 1814, the first person to hold that title.Goltz entered the diplomatic service of Prussia in 1787. He help posts in the Prussian Legations at Copenhagen, Mainz, Stockholm, and St Petersburg. In 1807 at the Peace of Tilsit when Napoleon refused to negotiate with Karl August von Hardenberg and demanded his retirement, Goltz signed the treaty in place of Hardenberg and the next year became Minister of Foreign Affairs. Goltz represented Prussia at the Congress of Erfurt in 1808. He was head of the Corporate Governance in Berlin and after the Paris Peace of 1814 he became Oberhofmarschal to the Prussian court, in 1816 the courts representative to the Bundestag, in 1817 member of council of state. In 1824 he left the Bundestag and was reappointed Oberhofmarschal.", "Q5018694": "Montclair State University (MSU) is a public research university in Montclair, New Jersey, with parts of the campus extending into Little Falls, New Jersey. It is the second largest university in New Jersey. As of October 2018, there were 21,115 total enrolled students: 16,988 undergraduate students and 4,127 graduate students. The campus covers approximately 500 acres (2.0 km2), inclusive of the New Jersey School of Conservation in Stokes State Forest. The university offers more than 300 majors, minors, and concentrations.", "Q445096": "Jocelyn Pook (; born 14 February 1960) is an English composer, pianist and violist.", "Q66442": "W\u00f6lflinswil is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q11812": "Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 \u2013 July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He previously served as the second vice president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, motivating American colonists to break from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation; he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national level.\nDuring the American Revolution, he represented Virginia in the Continental Congress that adopted the Declaration, drafted the law for religious freedom as a Virginia legislator, and served as the second Governor of Virginia from 1779 to 1781, during the American Revolutionary War. He became the United States Minister to France in May 1785, and subsequently, the nation's first secretary of state under President George Washington from 1790 to 1793. Jefferson and James Madison organized the Democratic-Republican Party to oppose the Federalist Party during the formation of the First Party System. With Madison, he anonymously wrote the provocative Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798 and 1799, which sought to strengthen states' rights by nullifying the federal Alien and Sedition Acts.\nAs president, Jefferson pursued the nation's shipping and trade interests against Barbary pirates and aggressive British trade policies. He also organized the Louisiana Purchase, almost doubling the country's territory. As a result of peace negotiations with France, his administration reduced military forces. He was reelected in 1804. Jefferson's second term was beset with difficulties at home, including the trial of former vice president Aaron Burr. American foreign trade was diminished when Jefferson implemented the Embargo Act of 1807, in response to British threats to U.S. shipping. In 1803, Jefferson began a controversial process of Indian tribe removal to the newly organized Louisiana Territory, and he signed the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves in 1807. After retiring from public office, Jefferson founded the University of Virginia.\nJefferson, while primarily a planter, lawyer and politician, mastered many disciplines, which ranged from surveying and mathematics to horticulture and mechanics. He was an architect in the classical tradition. Jefferson's keen interest in religion and philosophy led to his presidency of the American Philosophical Society; he shunned organized religion but was influenced by both Christianity and deism. A philologist, Jefferson knew several languages. He was a prolific letter writer and corresponded with many prominent people. His only full-length book is Notes on the State of Virginia (1785), considered perhaps the most important American book published before 1800.Although Jefferson is regarded as a leading spokesman for democracy and republicanism in the era of the Enlightenment, some modern scholarship has been critical of Jefferson, finding a contradiction between his ownership and trading of many slaves that worked his plantations, and his famous declaration that \"all men are created equal\". Although the matter remains a subject of debate, most historians believe that Jefferson had a sexual relationship with his slave Sally Hemings, a mixed-race woman who was a half-sister to his late wife and that he fathered at least one of her children. Presidential scholars and historians generally praise Jefferson's public achievements, including his advocacy of religious freedom and tolerance in Virginia. Jefferson continues to rank highly among U.S. presidents.", "Q922484": "Alan McCrae Moorehead, (22 July 1910 \u2013 29 September 1983) was a war correspondent and author of popular histories, most notably two books on the nineteenth-century exploration of the Nile, The White Nile (1960) and The Blue Nile (1962). Australian-born, he lived in England, and Italy, from 1937.", "Q48967": "Katrin Dagmar G\u00f6ring-Eckardt (born Katrin Dagmar Eckardt; 3 May 1966) is a German politician from the German Green Party (officially known as Alliance '90/The Greens; German: B\u00fcndnis 90/Die Gr\u00fcnen). Starting her political activity in the now-former German Democratic Republic (East Germany) in the late 1980s, she has been a member of the German Bundestag since 1998. She became co-chair of her party caucus in the Bundestag (2002\u20132005) and the Greens' Vice President of the Bundestag on 18 October 2005, a position that she held until 2013. In the November 2012 primary election, the Green Party chose her and J\u00fcrgen Trittin as the top two candidates for the Greens for the 2013 German federal election. She also stood as joint top candidate for the Greens in the 2017 German federal election, alongside Cem \u00d6zdemir.Between 2009 and 2013, G\u00f6ring-Eckardt served as praeses of the synod of the Evangelical Church in Germany (German: Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland, abbreviated EKD) and thus as member of the Council of the EKD. However, during the federal election campaign in 2013 she stepped down from her office in the EKD.", "Q387832": "A Walk in the Sun is a 1945 American war film based on the novel by Harry Brown, who was a writer for Yank, the Army Weekly based in England. The book was serialized in Liberty Magazine in October 1944.\nThe film was directed by Lewis Milestone, stars Dana Andrews and features Richard Conte, George Tyne, John Ireland, Lloyd Bridges, Sterling Holloway, Norman Lloyd, Herbert Rudley and Richard Benedict, with narration by Burgess Meredith.\nIn 2016, the film was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the United States Library of Congress, and selected for preservation in its National Film Registry.", "Q105137": "Grietje Staffelt (n\u00e9e Bettin, born 16 July 1975 in Eckernf\u00f6rde, Schleswig-Holstein) is a German politician and a former member of Alliance '90/The Greens in the Federal Diet of Germany.\nStaffelt has been an MP since 3 April 2000, when she replaced Klaus M\u00fcller, who retired. She has been the Media Affairs spokesperson for the Green Party parliamentary group since 2000. Between 2002 and 2005 she also served as education spokesperson.\n\n", "Q183420": "Nonius Marcellus was a Roman grammarian of the 4th or 5th century AD. His only surviving work is the De compendiosa doctrina, a dictionary or encyclopedia in 20 books that shows his interests in antiquarianism and Latin literature from Plautus to Apuleius. Nonius may have come from Africa.", "Q234434": "Juno Violet Temple (born 21 July 1989) is an English actress. She has appeared in films such as Killer Joe, Black Mass, The Other Boleyn Girl, Wild Child, Atonement, Maleficent, The Three Musketeers, and The Dark Knight Rises. She also had a starring role in the HBO period drama series Vinyl and Bravo true-crime drama series Dirty John.", "Q2577771": "William Lyon Phelps (January 2, 1865 New Haven, Connecticut \u2013 August 21, 1943 New Haven, Connecticut) was an American author, critic and scholar. He taught the first American university course on the modern novel. He had a radio show, wrote a daily syndicated newspaper column, lectured frequently, and published numerous books and articles.", "Q971962": "Michael Bar-Zohar (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d9\u05db\u05d0\u05dc \u05d1\u05e8-\u05d6\u05d4\u05e8\u200e, born 30 January 1938) is an Israeli historian, novelist and politician. He was a member of the Knesset on behalf of the Alignment and Labor Party in the 1980s and early 1990s.", "Q468662": "Luigi Capuana (May 28, 1839 \u2013 November 29, 1915) was an Italian author and journalist and one of the most important members of the verist movement (see also verismo (literature)). He was a contemporary of Giovanni Verga, both having been born in the province of Catania within a year of each other. He was also one of the first Italian authors influenced by the works of \u00c9mile Zola, French author and creator of naturalism. Capuana also wrote poetry in Sicilian, of which an example appears below.\nHe was the author of plays (Garibaldi, Vanitas Vanitatum, Parodie, Semiritmi), stories (Studi sulla letteratura contemporanea, Per l'arte, Gli \"ismi\" contemporanei, Cronache letterarie, Il teatro italiano contemporaneo), novels (Giacinta, Marchese di Roccaverdina, La sfinge, Profumo, Rassegnazione) and various other theatrical works.", "Q101351": "Edmund Max Stengel (April 5, 1845 in Halle \u2013 November 3, 1935 in Marburg) was a Romance philologist who specialized in studies and editions of Chanson de geste.", "Q7825": "The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that is concerned with the regulation of international trade between nations. The WTO officially commenced on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement, signed by 123 nations on 15 April 1994, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1948. It is the largest international economic organization in the world.The WTO deals with regulation of trade in goods, services and intellectual property between participating countries by providing a framework for negotiating trade agreements and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to WTO agreements, which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified by their parliaments. The WTO prohibits discrimination between trading partners, but provides exceptions for environmental protection, national security, and other important goals. Trade-related disputes are resolved by independent judges at the WTO through a dispute resolution process.The WTO's current Director-General is Roberto Azev\u00eado, who leads a staff of over 600 people in Geneva, Switzerland. A trade facilitation agreement, part of the Bali Package of decisions, was agreed by all members on 7 December 2013, the first comprehensive agreement in the organization's history. On 23 January 2017, the amendment to the WTO Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement marks the first time since the organization opened in 1995 that WTO accords have been amended, and this change should secure for developing countries a legal pathway to access affordable remedies under WTO rules.Studies show that the WTO boosted trade, and that barriers to trade would be higher in the absence of the WTO. The WTO has highly influenced the text of trade agreements, as \"nearly all recent [preferential trade agreements (PTAs)] reference the WTO explicitly, often dozens of times across multiple chapters... in many of these same PTAs we find that substantial portions of treaty language\u2014sometime the majority of a chapter\u2014is copied verbatim from a WTO agreement.\"", "Q185051": "Christopher Walken (born Ronald Walken, March 31, 1943) is an American actor, singer, comedian, director, producer, screenwriter, and dancer, who has appeared in more than 100 films and television programs, including Annie Hall (1977), The Deer Hunter (1978), The Dogs of War (1980), The Dead Zone (1983), A View to a Kill (1985), Batman Returns (1992), True Romance (1993), Pulp Fiction (1994), Antz (1998), Vendetta (1999), Sleepy Hollow (1999), Joe Dirt (2001), Catch Me If You Can (2002), Hairspray (2007), Seven Psychopaths (2012), the first three Prophecy films, The Jungle Book (2016), and Irreplaceable You (2018). He has received a number of awards and nominations, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for The Deer Hunter. He was nominated for the same award and won BAFTA and Screen Actors Guild Awards for Catch Me If You Can. His films have grossed more than $1 billion in the United States.Walken has also played the lead in the Shakespeare plays Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and Coriolanus. He is a popular guest-host of Saturday Night Live, hosting seven times. His most notable roles on the show include record producer Bruce Dickinson in the \"More Cowbell\" sketch; the disgraced Confederate officer Colonel Angus; and multiple appearances in the Continental sketch. He has also appeared in Hallmark Hall of Fame's Sarah, Plain and Tall (1991), which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.\nWalken debuted as a film director and screenwriter with the 2001 short film Popcorn Shrimp. He also wrote and played the lead role in the 1995 play Him about his idol Elvis Presley.", "Q64255": "Tegerfelden is a municipality in the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q225539": "Tomislav Ivan\u010di\u0107 (30 September 1938 \u2013 17 February 2017) was a Croatian theologian and academic.", "Q428246": "The Sorcerers is a 1967 British science fiction/horror film directed by Michael Reeves, starring Boris Karloff, Catherine Lacey, Ian Ogilvy, and Susan George. The original story and screenplay was conceived and written by John Burke. Reeves and his childhood friend Tom Baker re-wrote sections of the screenplay, including the ending at Karloff's insistence, wanting his character to appear more sympathetic. Burke was removed from the main screenwriting credit and was relegated to an 'idea by'.", "Q6608367": "Indiana University (IU) is a system of public universities in the state of Indiana. Indiana University has a combined student body of more than 110,000 students, which includes approximately 46,000 students enrolled at the Indiana University Bloomington campus.\n\n", "Q169012": "In Her Shoes is a 2005 American comedy-drama film based on the novel of the same name by Jennifer Weiner. It is directed by Curtis Hanson with an adapted screenplay by Susannah Grant and stars Cameron Diaz, Toni Collette, and Shirley MacLaine. The film focuses on the relationship between two sisters and their grandmother.", "Q53412": "Andres Veiel (born 16 October 1959) is a German film and theater director and author.", "Q823003": "Bernardo Joaquim da Silva Guimar\u00e3es (Portuguese pronunciation: [be\u0281\u02c8na\u0281du \u0261ima\u02c8\u027e\u0250\u0303j\u0283]; August 15, 1825 \u2013 March 10, 1884) was a Brazilian poet and novelist. He is the author of the famous romances A Escrava Isaura and O Seminarista. He also introduced to Brazilian poetry the verso bestial\u00f3gico (Portuguese: [\u02c8v\u025b\u027esu be\u0283t\u0283ja\u02c8l\u0254\u0292iku], roughly silly verse), also referred to as pantagru\u00e9lico (in a reference to Rabelais's character Pantagruel) \u2014 poems whose verses are very nonsensical, although very metrical. Under the verso bestial\u00f3gico, he wrote polemical erotic verses, such as \"O Elixir do Paj\u00e9\" (The Witchdoctor's Elixir) and \"A Origem do M\u00eanstruo\" (The Origin of Menstruation). A non-erotic poem written in verso bestial\u00f3gico is \"Eu Vi dos Polos o Gigante Alado\" (From the Poles I Saw the Winged Giant).\nHe is patron of the fifth chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.", "Q88216": "Maria Janitschek n\u00e9e T\u00f6lk (July 22, 1859 in M\u00f6dling (near Vienna) - April 28, 1927 in Munich) was a German writer of Austrian origin. She wrote under the pseudonym of Marius Stein.", "Q542060": "H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Flautre (born July 29, 1958 in Bapaume) is a French politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1999 until 2014, representing the North West of France. She is a member of the Europe \u00c9cologie\u2013The Greens, part of the European Greens. She was first elected in 1999.In parliament, Flautre chaired the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee and observed the trials of activists P\u0131nar Selek and B\u00fc\u015fra Ersanl\u0131.", "Q90459": "Rolf Kalmuczak (17 April 1938 in Nordhausen \u2013 10 March 2007 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen) was a German author. He was an editor of daily papers, freelance contributor at Stern, lector and one of the authors of the Jerry Cotton series. Since 1966 he had used more than 100 pseudonyms, written some 160 youth books, 36 film scripts, 170 paperback crime novels, and 200 booklet-novels. He admits that he wrote the TKKG book series as \"Stefan Wolf\". Rolf Kalmuczak was married with one daughter and lived in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.", "Q24842": "Ulla Jacobsson (23 May 1929 \u2013 20 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who is best known for playing the only female speaking role in the film Zulu (1964).", "Q3133006": "Henry Lewis Pittock (March 1, 1835 \u2013 January 28, 1919) was an English-born American pioneer, publisher, newspaper editor, and wood and paper magnate. He was active in Republican politics and Portland, Oregon civic affairs, a Freemason and an avid outdoorsman and adventurer. He is frequently referred to as the founder of The Oregonian, although it was an existing weekly before he reestablished it as the state's preeminent daily newspaper.\nPittock Mansion, a Renaissance revival mansion built by Pittock for himself and his wife, contemporarily operates as a museum chronicling his and his family's roles in the development of Portland.\n\n", "Q97336": "Jacob Masen (28 March 1606 - 27 September 1681) was a German Jesuit, known as a prolific writer in Latin. As well as poetry and drama, he wrote works of history, criticism and theology.", "Q722738": "Juan Bautista Alberdi (August 29, 1810 \u2013 June 19, 1884) was an Argentine political theorist and diplomat. Although he lived most of his life in exile in Montevideo, Uruguay and in Chile, he influenced the content of the Constitution of Argentina of 1853.", "Q179201": "Jayant Vishnu Narlikar (born 19 July 1938) is an Indian astrophysicist. He developed with Sir Fred Hoyle the conformal gravity theory, known as Hoyle\u2013Narlikar theory. It synthesises Albert Einstein's theory of relativity and Mach's principle. It proposes that the inertial mass of a particle is a function of the masses of all other particles, multiplied by a coupling constant, which is a function of cosmic epoch.", "Q193800": "Decimus Junius Juvenalis (Latin: [\u02c8d\u025bk\u026am\u028as \u02c8ju\u02d0n\u026a.\u028as j\u028aw\u025b\u02c8na\u02d0l\u026as]), known in English as Juvenal ( JOO-v\u0259n-\u0259l), was a Roman poet active in the late first and early second century AD. He is the author of the collection of satirical poems known as the Satires. The details of the author's life are unclear, although references within his text to known persons of the late first and early second centuries AD fix his earliest date of composition. One recent scholar argues that his first book was published in 100 or 101. Because of a reference to a recent political figure, his fifth and final surviving book must date from after 127.\nJuvenal wrote at least 16 poems in the verse form dactylic hexameter. These poems cover a range of Roman topics. This follows Lucilius\u2014the originator of the Roman satire genre, and it fits within a poetic tradition that also includes Horace and Persius. The Satires are a vital source for the study of ancient Rome from a number of perspectives, although their comic mode of expression makes it problematic to accept the content as strictly factual. At first glance the Satires could be read as a critique of pagan Rome. That critique may have ensured their survival in the Christian monastic scriptoria although the majority of ancient texts did not survive.", "Q10484135": "Engelbrekt Parish (Swedish: Engelbrekts f\u00f6rsamling) is a parish in \u00d6stermalm's church district (kontrakt) in the Diocese of Stockholm, Sweden. The parish is located in Stockholm Municipality in Stockholm County. The parish forms its own pastorship.\n\n", "Q552273": "Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u200e, ALA-LC: A\u1e25mad Zak\u012b Ab\u016b Sh\u0101d\u012b; February 9, 1892 \u2013 April 12, 1955) was an Egyptian Romantic poet, publisher, medical doctor, bacteriologist and bee scientist.\n\n", "Q395205": "Hume Blake Cronyn Jr., OC (July 18, 1911 \u2013 June 15, 2003) was a Canadian actor of stage and screen, who enjoyed a long career, often appearing professionally alongside Jessica Tandy, his wife of over fifty years.", "Q440105": "Marisa Sannia (February 15, 1947 Iglesias, Sardinia, Italy \u2013 April 14, 2008 Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy) was an Italian singer from the island of Sardinia. She started her career with success in pop music in the sixties. She later became an interpreter of songs, composer, an actress and then finally an artistic researcher. She is primarily noted for being a singer in the Sardinian language, her native tongue.\nSannia died in Cagliari at the age of 61 on April 14, 2008.", "Q171885": "2NE1 (Korean: \ud22c\uc560\ub2c8\uc6d0, IPA: [t\u02b0u.\u025b.ni.w\u028cn]) was a South Korean girl group composed of Bom, CL, Dara, and Minzy, formed by YG Entertainment in 2009. After appearing alongside boy band Big Bang in the song \"Lollipop\", a promotional single for LG Electronics, the group rose to fame with the release of their two eponymous extended plays, 2NE1 (2009) and 2NE1 (2011), and two studio albums, To Anyone (2010) and Crush (2014). All peaked at the number one position on the Gaon Album Chart. They also scored nine number one hits on the Gaon Digital Chart, with \"Try to Follow Me\", \"Go Away\", \"Lonely\", \"I Am the Best\", \"Ugly\", \"I Love You\", \"Falling in Love\", \"Missing You\", and \"Come Back Home\".\nThe quartet simultaneously conducted a similarly successful career in Japan, releasing first a Japanese version of their second EP, Nolza (2011) and following up with the studio albums Collection (2012) and Crush (2014). Following a long-term hiatus, Minzy departed the group in April 2016, while the rest of the group disbanded later that November. Their final single \"Good Bye\" was released on January 21, 2017.At the peak of their career and prior to their split, 2NE1 was considered one of the most successful and popular girl groups in South Korea. Having sold 66.5 million records, they are one of the best selling girl groups of all time. Billboard magazine ranked 2NE1 as one of the best K-pop girl groups of the past decade while The New York Times named 2NE1's performance at the Prudential Center in New Jersey as one of the \"Best Concerts of 2012\".", "Q96028": "Karl Gustav Vollm\u00f6ller (or Vollmoeller; 7 May 1878 \u2013 18 October 1948) was a German philologist, archaeologist, poet, playwright, screenwriter, and aircraft designer. He is most famous for the elaborate religious spectacle-pantomime The Miracle and the screenplay for the celebrated 1930 film The Blue Angel (Der blaue Engel), which made a star of Marlene Dietrich.", "Q2132031": "The Rally of the French People (French Rassemblement du Peuple Fran\u00e7ais or RPF) was a French political party, led by Charles de Gaulle.", "Q4802402": "Sir Arvi Hillar Parbo (10 February 1926 \u2013 1 May 2019) was a business executive who was concurrently chairman of three of Australia's largest companies, Alcoa World Alumina and Chemicals, Munich Re, and Zurich Australian Insurance.", "Q129436": "Eugene Joseph Dionne Jr. (; born April 23, 1952) is an American journalist, political commentator, and long-time op-ed columnist for The Washington Post. He is also a Senior Fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution, a professor in the Foundations of Democracy and Culture at the McCourt School of Public Policy of Georgetown University, and an NPR, MSNBC, and PBS commentator.\n\n", "Q317574": "Mack Sennett (born Michael Sinnott; January 17, 1880 \u2013 November 5, 1960) was a Canadian-American film actor, director, and producer, and studio head, known as the 'King of Comedy'.\nBorn in Melbourne, Quebec, in 1880, he started in films in the Biograph Company of New York, and later opened Keystone Studios in Edendale, California in 1912. Keystone possessed the first fully enclosed film stage, and Sennett became famous as the originator of slapstick routines such as pie-throwing and car-chases, as seen in the Keystone Cops films. He also produced short features that displayed his Bathing Beauties, many of whom went on to develop successful acting careers.\nSennett's work in sound movies was less successful, and he was bankrupted in 1933. He was presented with an honorary Academy Award for his contribution to film comedy.\n\n", "Q597649": "Charlotte Douglas International Airport (IATA: CLT, ICAO: KCLT, FAA LID: CLT) is a civil-military airport in Charlotte, North Carolina. Established in 1935 as Charlotte Municipal Airport, the airport received its current name in 1982. It is the second largest hub for American Airlines after Dallas/Fort Worth, with service to 178 domestic and international destinations. CLT covers 5,558 acres (2,249 ha) of land.As of 2019, it was the 11th busiest airport in the United States, ranked by passenger traffic and 5th by aircraft movements. It was the 6th busiest airport in the world ranked by aircraft movements A joint civil-military facility, the airport is home to Charlotte Air National Guard Base (Charlotte ANGB) and its host unit, the 145th Airlift Wing (145 AW) of the North Carolina Air National Guard, located in a military cantonment area on the east side of the airport.", "Q1267": "Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskj\u00f6ld ( HAM-\u0259r-shuuld, Swedish: [\u02c8d\u0251\u02d0\u0261 \u02c8h\u00e2m\u02d0ar\u02cc\u0267\u0153ld] (listen); 29 July 1905 \u2013 18 September 1961) was a Swedish economist and diplomat who served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations. Hammarskj\u00f6ld still remains the youngest person to have held the post, being only 47 years old when he was appointed in 1953. His second term was cut short when he died in the crash of his DC-6 airplane (whose cause is still disputed) in Northern Rhodesia while en route to cease-fire negotiations during the Congo Crisis. He is one of only four people to be awarded a posthumous Nobel Prize.Hammarskj\u00f6ld has been referred to as one of the two best secretaries-general of the United Nations, and his appointment has been mentioned as the most notable success for the UN. United States President John F. Kennedy called Hammarskj\u00f6ld \"the greatest statesman of our century.\"", "Q1165439": "JLS (an initialism of Jack the Lad Swing) are an English pop/R&B group, which consists of members Aston Merrygold, Orits\u00e9 Williams, Marvin Humes, and JB Gill, originally formed by Williams. They initially signed to Tracklacers production company New Track City and then went on to become runners-up of the fifth series of the ITV reality talent show The X Factor in 2008, coming second to Alexandra Burke.\nFollowing their appearance on The X Factor, JLS signed to Epic Records. Their first two singles \"Beat Again\" and \"Everybody in Love\" both went to number one on the UK Singles Chart.The band's self-titled debut album was released on 9 November 2009 and has since sold over 1 million copies in the UK. JLS won the awards for British Breakthrough and British Single (\"Beat Again\") at the 2010 BRIT Awards. They also won several awards at the MOBO Awards for Best song for \"Beat Again\" in 2009 and also Best Newcomer in the same year. In 2010, they won the MOBO Awards for Best UK act and Best Album. They also went on to win their fifth MOBO in 2012 by winning Best Video for \"Do You Feel What I Feel?\". They won the title of the UK's hardest-working band for two consecutive years, in 2011 and 2012.In 2010, JLS signed a record deal with the US record label Jive Records and released \"Everybody in Love\" as their debut US single, but it failed to chart. \"The Club Is Alive\", the lead single from their second studio album, was released in the UK in July 2010 and earned the band their third number-one on the UK Singles Chart. Their single \"Love You More\" was the official single for Children in Need in 2010 and gave the group their fourth number-one single in the UK. Their single \"She Makes Me Wanna\" featuring Dev was their fifth UK number one. As of 2012, their debut album and single have been named one of The X Factor's top ten biggest-selling debut singles and albums. As of 2013, they were the 16th-richest reality TV stars in the UK, with an estimated fortune of \u00a36 million per member, thus giving the band a financial worth of approximately \u00a324 million.In May 2013, after seven years together, JLS announced that they would go their separate ways after releasing a greatest hits album and one last UK and Ireland arena tour. In February 2020, the band announced a reunion, with the Beat Again Tour due to start in November 2020.According to the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), JLS have been certified for 2.3 million albums and 2.8 million singles in the UK.", "Q4521652": "Karen Susana Schwarz Espinoza (born 21 January 1984 in Callao, Peru) is a Peruvian actress, TV host and beauty pageant titleholder. She represented her country in Miss Universe 2009, held in Nassau, Bahamas on August 23, 2009. She was the co-host of Yo Soy.", "Q1015874": "Sherman Oaks is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California, founded in 1927. The neighborhood includes a portion of the Santa Monica Mountains, which gives Sherman Oaks a lower population density than some other areas in Los Angeles.", "Q85732": "Emil Robert Wilhelm Steinbach (11 June 1846, Vienna \u2013 26 May 1907, Purkersdorf, Lower Austria) was an Austrian politician.\nIn collaboration with Minister-President Eduard Taaffe he managed as Minister of Finance 1891-93 some important reforms in imperial Austria like the extension of the right to vote, the implementation of a currency reform 1892 and the reorganisation of the system of income tax. In 1904-07 he was President of the Austrian Supreme Court of Justice.", "Q313712": "Joseph Charles Nemec IV (born November 5, 1971), known professionally as Corin Nemec, is an American actor, producer, and screenwriter. He was billed as Corin \"Corky\" Nemec or Corky Nemec until 1990.\nNemec is known for playing the title character in FOX sitcom Parker Lewis Can't Lose (1990\u201393), Jonas Quinn in television series Stargate SG-1, and Harold Lauder in the ABC miniseries The Stand. Nemec is known in India for his role as Allan in Rahul Dholakia's 2007 film Parzania.", "Q7794273": "Thomas Summers West (18 November 1927 \u2013 9 January 2010) was a British chemist.", "Q95521": "Franz Bernhard Lucas (September 15, 1911, in Osnabr\u00fcck \u2013 December 7, 1994, in Elmshorn) was a German concentration camp doctor.", "Q11621": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction film produced and directed by Steven Spielberg, and written by Melissa Mathison. It tells the story of Elliott, a boy who befriends an extraterrestrial, dubbed \"E.T.\", who is stranded on Earth. The film stars Dee Wallace, Peter Coyote, and Henry Thomas, and features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren. It is a spiritual successor to the 1977 film Close Encounters of the Third Kind also directed by Spielberg.\nThe concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents' divorce in 1960. In 1980, Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the failed project Night Skies. It was filmed from September to December 1981 on a budget of $10.5 million. Unlike most films, it was shot in rough chronological order, to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast.\nReleased on June 11, 1982, by Universal Pictures, E.T. was an immediate blockbuster, surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time\u2014a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park, another Spielberg-directed film, surpassed it in 1993.\nE.T. is considered to be one of the greatest films of all time. It was widely acclaimed by critics as a timeless story of friendship. In 1995, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". It was re-released in 1985, and then again in 2002, to celebrate its 20th anniversary, with altered shots and additional scenes.", "Q78697": "Alfred Neubauer (29 March 1891 in Neutitschein \u2013 22 August 1980 in Stuttgart) was the racing manager of the Mercedes-Benz Grand Prix team from 1926 to 1955.", "Q1151944": "Mary-Kate Olsen (born June 13, 1986) is an American fashion designer, former actress and producer. She began her acting career one year after her birth, sharing the role of Michelle Tanner with her twin sister Ashley Olsen in the television sitcom Full House (1987\u20131995). They also starred in numerous films together.\nIn 1993, the production company Dualstar Entertainment Group was founded, which produced a long string of TV movies and direct-to-video releases featuring the girls; they starred in Passport to Paris (1999), Our Lips Are Sealed (2000), Winning London (2001), Holiday in the Sun (2001) and in the television series, So Little Time (2001\u20132002), for which she was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in Children's Programming.\nThey starred in Getting There (2002), When in Rome (2002), The Challenge (2003) and made cameos in Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003). The last film she starred in with her twin sister was New York Minute (2004). She continued with her acting career independently, appearing with a few guest-star roles in films and television shows, and with her last film being Beastly (2011).\nIn March 2012, both Mary-Kate and Ashley officially indicated their interest to retire as actresses in order to focus on their careers in the fashion industry.\nShe and her twin sister co-founded luxury fashion brand The Row, lifestyle brand Elizabeth and James, and more affordable fashion lines Olsenboye and StyleMint. They are members of the Council of Fashion Designers of America.", "Q500253": "Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) (Bahasa Malaysia: Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur), (IATA: KUL, ICAO: WMKK) is Malaysia's main international airport and one of the major airports in Southeast Asia and worldwide. It is located in Sepang District of Selangor, approximately 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of Kuala Lumpur city centre and serves the Greater Klang Valley conurbation.\nKLIA is the largest and busiest airport in Malaysia. In 2018, it handled 59,988,409 passengers, 714,669 tonnes of cargo and 399,827 aircraft movements. It is the world's 23rd-busiest airport by total passenger traffic.\nThe airport is operated by Malaysia Airports (MAHB) Sepang Sdn Bhd and is the major hub of Malaysia Airlines, MASkargo, AirAsia, AirAsia X, Malindo Air, flyGlobal, UPS Airlines and AsiaCargo Express.", "Q124112": "Michel Simon (French: [sim\u0254\u0303]; 9 April 1895 \u2013 30 May 1975) was a Swiss actor. He appeared in the notable films La Chienne (1931), Boudu Saved from Drowning (1932), L'Atalante (1934), Port of Shadows (1938), The Head (1959), and The Train (1964). The actor Fran\u00e7ois Simon is his son.", "Q663770": "The Rotb\u00fcelspitz (also spelled Rotb\u00fchelspitze) is a mountain of the Silvretta Alps, located on the border between Austria and Switzerland. It is located north of the slightly higher Isent\u00e4llispitz.", "Q387601": "Night at the Museum is a 2006 fantasy-comedy film directed by Shawn Levy and written by Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon. It is based on the 1993 children's book of the same name by Croatian illustrator Milan Trenc and is the first installment in the Night at the Museum series. The film stars Ben Stiller as Larry Daley, a divorced father who applies for a job as a night watchman at New York City's American Museum of Natural History and subsequently discovers that the exhibits, animated by a magical Egyptian artifact, come to life at night. 20th Century Fox released the film on December 22, 2006, and it grossed $574 million.\n\n", "Q172432": "Pope Theodore II (Latin: Theodorus II; 840 \u2013 December 897) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States for twenty days in December 897. His short reign occurred during a period of partisan strife in the Catholic Church, which was entangled with a period of violence and disorder in central Italy. His main act as pope was to annul the recent Cadaver Synod, therefore reinstating the acts and ordinations of Pope Formosus, which had themselves been annulled by Pope Stephen VI. He also had the body of Formosus recovered from the river Tiber and reburied with honour. He died in office in late December 897.", "Q211111": "Ursula Andress (; born 19 March 1936) is a Swiss film and television actress, former model and sex symbol, who has appeared in American, British and Italian films. She is best known for her breakthrough role as Bond girl Honey Ryder in the first James Bond film, Dr. No. She later starred as Vesper Lynd in the 1967 James Bond parody Casino Royale. Her other films include The Southern Star, Fun in Acapulco, She, The 10th Victim, The Blue Max, Perfect Friday, The Sensuous Nurse, The Mountain of the Cannibal God, The Fifth Musketeer and Clash of the Titans. She also makes an appearance in the James Bond novel On Her Majesty's Secret Service.", "Q48032": "Vasily Danilovich Sokolovsky (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; July 21, 1897 \u2013 May 10, 1968) was a Soviet general and Marshal of the Soviet Union who led Red Army forces on the Eastern Front during World War II. As Georgy Zhukov's chief of staff, Sokolovsky helped plan and execute the Capture of Berlin.", "Q16628": "Wen Jiabao (born 15 September 1942) is a retired Chinese politician who served as the sixth Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China and serving as China's head of government for a decade between 2003 and 2013. In his capacity as Premier, Wen was regarded as the leading figure behind Beijing's economic policy. From 2002 to 2012, he held membership in the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China, the country's de facto top power organ, where he was ranked third out of nine members and headed by Party general secretary Hu Jintao.\nHe worked as the chief of the Party General Office between 1986 and 1993, and accompanied Party general secretary Zhao Ziyang to Tiananmen Square during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. In 1998, he was promoted to the post of Vice Premier under Premier Zhu Rongji, his mentor, and oversaw the broad portfolios of agriculture and finance.\nWen was dubbed \"the people's premier\" by both domestic and foreign media. Instead of concentrating on GDP growth in large cities and rich coastal areas, Wen advocated for advancing policies considered more favourable towards farmers and migrant workers. Wen's government reduced agricultural taxes and pursued ambitious infrastructure projects. Following the global financial crisis of 2008, Wen's government injected four trillion yuan as part of a stimulus program.\nSeen as the leading member of the reform wing of the Communist Party, Wen's family came under scrutiny by investigative journalists for having accumulated a massive fortune during his time in government, casting a cloud over his legacy shortly prior to his retirement. He left office in 2013 and was succeeded by Li Keqiang.", "Q455508": "Heidi is a 1952 Swiss family drama film directed by Luigi Comencini and starring Elsbeth Sigmund, Heinrich Gretler and Thomas Klameth. It is based on the 1880 novel Heidi by Johanna Spyri. It was followed by a 1955 sequel Heidi and Peter.", "Q133308": "Mohamed Mustafa ElBaradei (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u064a\u200e, romanized: Mu\u1e25ammad Mu\u1e63\u1e6daf\u00e1 al-Bar\u0101da\u02bf\u012b, Egyptian Arabic: [m\u00e6\u02c8\u0127\u00e6m\u02d0\u00e6d mos\u02c8t\u02e4\u0251f\u0251 (\u0294e)lb\u00e6\u02c8\u027e\u00e6d\u0295i]; born 17 June 1942) is an Egyptian law scholar and diplomat who served as Vice-President of Egypt on an interim basis from 14 July 2013 until his resignation on 14 August 2013.He was the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), an intergovernmental organization under the auspices of the United Nations, from 1997 to 2009. He and the IAEA were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. ElBaradei was also featured in the Western press regarding recent politics in Egypt, particularly the 2011 revolution which ousted President Hosni Mubarak, and was the main player in the 2013 Egyptian coup d'\u00e9tat.", "Q380608": "Paul William Scott Anderson (born 4 March 1965) is an English film director, producer, and screenwriter who regularly works in science fiction films and video game adaptations.\nAnderson made his feature film debut with the British independent film Shopping (1994), and found commercial success with his second film, the Hollywood-produced Mortal Kombat (1995), based on the first couple of video games of the same name by Midway Games. Today, he is best known as the creative voice behind the Resident Evil film series (2002\u20132016), which stars his eventual wife Milla Jovovich, and is based on the Capcom video game series of the same name. The series consists of six films, of which Anderson directed four, that have collectively grossed over $1 billion worldwide, making it the most commercially successful video game adaptation to this date. Other notable films of Anderson's are Event Horizon (1997), an initial critical and commercial disappointment that found renewed appreciation on home video; Alien vs. Predator (2004), based on the crossover concept of the same name between the Alien and Predator franchises; and Death Race (2008), a remake/prequel to 1975's Death Race 2000.\nAnderson and producer Jeremy Bolt founded Impact Pictures in 1992, under which most of Anderson's films have been made.", "Q30": "The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country consisting of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km2), it is the world's third- or fourth-largest country by total area. Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico. With an estimated population of over 328 million, the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world (after China and India). The capital is Washington, D.C., and the most populous city is New York City.\nPaleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783, leading to independence. The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century\u2014gradually acquiring new territories, displacing Native Americans, and admitting new states\u2014until 1848 when it spanned the continent.\nDuring the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States. The Spanish\u2013American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a global military power.\nThe United States emerged from World War II as a global superpower. It was the first country to develop nuclear weapons and is the only country to have used them in warfare. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union competed in the Space Race, culminating with the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, the spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. The end of the Cold War and collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world's sole superpower.The United States is a federal republic and a representative democracy. It is a founding member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States (OAS), NATO, and other international organizations. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.\nA highly developed country, the United States is the world's largest economy by nominal GDP, the second-largest by purchasing power parity, and accounts for approximately a quarter of global GDP. The United States is the world's largest importer and the second-largest exporter of goods, by value. Although its population is 4% of the world total, it holds 29.4% of the total wealth in the world, the largest share of global wealth concentrated in a single country. Despite income and wealth disparities, the United States continues to rank very high in measures of socioeconomic performance, including average wage, median income, median wealth, human development, per capita GDP, and worker productivity. It is the foremost military power in the world, making up more than a third of global military spending, and is a leading political, cultural, and scientific force internationally.", "Q162621": "Walter Thomas Huston (; n\u00e9 Houghston; April 5, 1883 \u2013 April 7, 1950) was a Canadian actor and singer. Huston won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, directed by his son John Huston. He is the patriarch of the four generations of the Huston acting family, including his son John, Anjelica Huston, Danny Huston, Allegra Huston, and Jack Huston. The family has produced three generations of Academy Award winners: Walter, his son John, and John's daughter Anjelica.", "Q313074": "Charles Stewart Rolls (27 August 1877 \u2013 12 July 1910) was a Welsh motoring and aviation pioneer. With Henry Royce, he co-founded the Rolls-Royce car manufacturing firm. He was the first Briton to be killed in an aeronautical accident with a powered aircraft, when the tail of his Wright Flyer broke off during a flying display in Bournemouth. He was aged 32.", "Q239845": "Marie-Christine Barrault (born 21 March 1944) is a French actress. She is best known for her performance in Cousin Cousine (1975) for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. In 2010, she released her autobiography, titled This Long Way To Get To You.", "Q60966": "Julius Heinrich Dorpmueller (24 July 1869 \u2013 5 July 1945) was general manager of Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft from 1926 to 1945, a Nazi politician and the Reich Minister for Transport from 1937 to 1945.", "Q433855": "Antonella Clerici (Italian pronunciation: [anto\u02c8n\u025blla \u02c8kl\u025b\u02d0rit\u0283i]; born in Legnano on December 6, 1962) is an Italian television host and journalist.\n\n", "Q85054": "Princess Franziska von Starhemberg (German: Franziska F\u00fcrstin von Starhemberg, also known as Fanny Starhemberg or Princess Fanny Starhemberg; 24 October 1875 - 27 April 1943), was an Austrian politician of the Christian Social Party. She was the mother of Heimwehr leader and Austrian Vice-Chancellor Ernst R\u00fcdiger Starhemberg.", "Q554164": "Steven Maxwell Porcaro (born September 2, 1957) is an American keyboardist, singer and songwriter known as one of the founding members of the rock band Toto and the last surviving Porcaro brother (after the deaths of Jeff and Mike in 1992 and 2015, respectively). Porcaro has also done session musician work for many other acts, including Yes (on Union and Open Your Eyes) and Jefferson Airplane (on their self-titled 1989 reunion album). He was also a member of Chris Squire's short-lived band, The Chris Squire Experiment, in 1992.", "Q213706": "Thomas William Selleck (; born January 29, 1945) is an American actor, film producer, California Army National Guard veteran, and National Rifle Association (NRA) spokesman. He is most known for starring as private investigator Thomas Magnum in the television series Magnum, P.I. (1980\u20131988), as Peter Mitchell in Three Men and a Baby, and as NYPD Commissioner Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods on CBS since 2010.\nSelleck also had a recurring role as Lance White, the likeable and naive partner of Jim Rockford (played by James Garner) on The Rockford Files and also played Police Chief Jesse Stone in a series of made-for-TV movies based on Robert B. Parker novels. Selleck has appeared in more than 50 film and television roles since Magnum, P.I., including Three Men and a Baby, Quigley Down Under, Mr. Baseball, and Lassiter. He appeared as Dr. Richard Burke on Friends and as A.J. Cooper on the TV series Las Vegas. He also had a lead role in the television western movie The Sacketts, based on two of Louis L'Amour's books.", "Q24204524": "When We Rise is an eight-part American docudrama miniseries about the history of LGBT rights advocacy in the United States from the 1970s to the 2010s. It was created by Dustin Lance Black and stars Guy Pearce, Rachel Griffiths, Mary-Louise Parker, Michael Kenneth Williams, Austin P. McKenzie, Emily Skeggs, Jonathan Majors, Fiona Dourif, and Sam Jaeger among 30 others. The miniseries premiered on ABC on February 27, 2017, with the rest of its episodes airing March 1 to 3.", "Q1953939": "Moosa Bin Shamsher (Bengali: \u09ae\u09c1\u09b8\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b6\u09ae\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0; born 15 October 1945) is a Bangladeshi businessman and the chairman and CEO of DATCO Group.\n\n", "Q119293": "Peter A. Wuffli (born 26 October 1957) is a Swiss businessman who was appointed president and chief executive officer of UBS AG in December 2001 after serving as the chef executive of UBS Asset Management and the company's chief financial officer.From 1994 to 1998, he was the chief financial officer at SBC and a member of SBC's group executive board in Basel. There he met Marcel Ospel, and together they rose to top positions with the new UBS AG after the 1998 merger.\nIn 1984, he joined McKinsey & Co as management consultant and in 1990 became a partner of McKinsey Switzerland's senior management. He started his professional life, while studying at University of St. Gallen, writing about economics for the Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung.\nHe is a Swiss citizen and a graduate of the University of St. Gallen (1981, doctorate 1984) and has also attended the Advanced Management Program at Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania (1989). He and his wife Susanna have three children. His hobby is opera.\nHis father Heinz R. Wuffli was general director of Credit Suisse from 1967 to 1977, when he resigned as a consequence of the Chiasso affair.Wuffli left as a CEO UBS AG on 6 July 2007. He has renounced about $10 million in payments.", "Q896860": "Brad Shepik, also known as Brad Schoeppach (born February 13, 1966, Walla Walla, Washington) is an American jazz guitarist. He also plays the saz and tambura.\nBorn Brad Schoeppach, he changed his last name to Shepik in the late 1990s. He played saxophone as a youth but switched to guitar as a teenager. He attended Cornish College of the Arts, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1988. In the 1990s he led his own ensembles with sidemen including Jim Black, Peter Epstein, Tony Scherr, Chris Speed, Sk\u00fali Sverrisson, and Kenny Wollesen. He has worked extensively as a sideman with Paul Motian, Dave Douglas, Matt Darriau, Charlie Haden, Carla Bley, and Yuri Yunakov.", "Q275483": "Joan Barry, born Ina Florence Marshman Bell (5 November 1903 \u2013 10 April 1989) was an English stage and film actress, whose career straddled the development of talkies.", "Q321978": "Herbert Alonzo \"Lon\" McCallister Jr. (April 17, 1923 \u2013 June 11, 2005) was an American actor. According to one obituary, he was best known for \"playing gentle, boyish young men from the country.\" Another said he \"had an ingenuous appeal that made him a favourite of family audiences, and was particularly at home in outdoor settings featuring dogs and horses. Ultimately his perennial boyishness and slight stature became a handicap for more mature roles.\"", "Q203515": "Divorce American Style is a 1967 American satirical comedy film directed by Bud Yorkin and starring Dick Van Dyke, Debbie Reynolds, Jean Simmons, Jason Robards and Van Johnson. Norman Lear produced the film and wrote the script based on a story by Robert Kaufman. It focuses on a married couple that opts for divorce when counseling fails to help them resolve their various problems, and the problems presented to divorced people by alimony. The title is an homage to Divorce Italian Style (1961).", "Q1398256": "Michel Blanc (born 16 April 1952) is a French actor, writer and director. He is noted for his roles of losers and hypochondriacs. He is frequently associated with Le Splendid, which he co-founded, along with Thierry Lhermitte, Josiane Balasko, Christian Clavier, Marie-Anne Chazel and G\u00e9rard Jugnot.\nMichel Blanc has also shown his versatility by appearing in more serious roles, such as the title role in the Patrice Leconte film Monsieur Hire.", "Q97450": "Christian Meyer (born 23 July 1975 in Holzminden, Lower Saxony) is a German politician for the Alliance '90/The Greens.", "Q7170": "Gaius Sallustius Crispus, usually anglicised as Sallust (; 86 \u2013 c. 35 BC), was a Roman historian and politician from an Italian plebeian family. Sallust was born at Amiternum in the country of the Sabines and was a popularis, an opponent of the old Roman aristocracy, throughout his career, and later a partisan of Julius Caesar. Sallust is the earliest known Roman historian with surviving works to his name, of which Catiline's War (about the conspiracy in 63 BC of L. Sergius Catilina), The Jugurthine War (about Rome's war against the Numidian King Jugurtha from 111 to 105 BC), and the Histories (of which only fragments survive) are still extant. Sallust was primarily influenced by the Greek historian Thucydides and amassed great (and ill-gotten) wealth from his governorship of Africa.", "Q470978": "Alaungpaya (Burmese: \u1021\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038, pronounced [\u0294\u0259l\u00e1\u028a\u0270\u0303 p\u02b0\u0259j\u00e1]; also spelled Alaunghpaya or Alaung Phra; 24 August [O.S. 13 August] 1714 \u2013 11 May 1760) was the founder of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). By the time of his death from illness during his campaign in Siam, this former chief of a small village in Upper Burma had unified Burma, subdued Manipur, conquered Lan Na and driven out the French and the British who had given help to the Mon Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. He also founded Yangon in 1755.\nHe is considered as one of the three greatest monarchs of Burma alongside Anawrahta and Bayinnaung for unifying Burma for the third time in Burmese history.", "Q369900": "An Alan Smithee Film: Burn Hollywood Burn (stylized on-screen as Burn Hollywood Burn) is a 1997 American mockumentary comedy film directed by Arthur Hiller (using the Alan Smithee pseudonym), written by Joe Eszterhas, and starring Eric Idle as the protagonist, a director unfortunately named Alan Smithee. The film follows Smithee as he steals the negatives to his latest film and goes on the run.\nCritically panned, the film \"won\" five awards (including Worst Picture) at the 1998 Golden Raspberry Awards. \nThe film's creation set off a chain of events which led the Directors Guild of America to officially discontinue the Alan Smithee credit in 2000. Its plot, about a director attempting to disown a film, ironically described the film's own production; director Hiller requested that his name be removed after witnessing the final cut of the film by the studio.", "Q98763": "Georg Uecker (born 6 November 1962 in Munich) is a German actor. Since 1985, he has played the character of Dr. Carsten Fl\u00f6ter on the popular German TV series Lindenstra\u00dfe on ARD. Controversially, in 1987, he kissed Gert Weinbauer (played by actor G\u00fcnter Barton). This was the first gay kiss in a German series in the evening. A second kiss was in 1990 with character Robert Engel (actor Martin Armknecht) this brought about discussions on LGBT topics in the media. Uecker still continues to play the character. His other television credits include Schillerstra\u00dfe (an improvisational comedy show) and he is often a guest on Genial daneben (a quiz programme with comedians). He is an LGBT-activist and lives in Cologne.", "Q130601": "Flavius Romulus Augustus (c. AD 460 \u2013 after AD 476; possibly still alive as late as AD 507), known derisively and historiographically as Romulus Augustulus, was the Roman emperor who ruled the Western Roman Empire from 31 October 475 until 4 September 476. He is often described as the \"last Western Roman emperor\", though some historians consider this to be Julius Nepos. His deposition by Odoacer traditionally marks the end of the Roman Empire in the West, the end of Ancient Rome, and the beginning of the Middle Ages in Western Europe.\nAlthough he, as all other emperors, adopted the name Augustus upon his accession, he is better remembered by his derisive nickname Augustulus. The Latin suffix -ulus is a diminutive; hence Augustulus effectively means \"Little Augustus\". The name Romulus was also changed derisively to Momyllus meaning \"little disgrace\".The historical record contains few details of Romulus' life. He was the son of Orestes, a Roman who once served as a secretary in the court of Attila the Hun before coming into the service of Julius Nepos in AD 475. In the same year he was promoted to the rank of magister militum, but then led a military revolt that forced Nepos to flee into exile. With the capital of Ravenna under his control, Orestes appointed his son Romulus to the throne despite the lack of support from the eastern court in Constantinople. Romulus, however, was little more than a child and figurehead for his father's rule. After ten months in power, during which time his authority and legitimacy were disputed beyond Italy, Romulus was forced to abdicate by Odoacer, a Germanic foederatus officer who defeated and executed Orestes. After seizing control of Ravenna, Odoacer sent the former emperor to live in the Castellum Lucullanum in Campania, after which he disappears from the historical record.", "Q1728004": "S\u00f3ley Stef\u00e1nsd\u00f3ttir, better known simply as S\u00f3ley, is an Icelandic multi-instrumentalist, singer, and songwriter.", "Q120412": "Richard Benz (12 June 1884, Reichenbach im Vogtland \u2013 9 November 1966, Heidelberg) was a historian and writer. He came to Heidelberg in 1902, where he was made honorary citizen in 1954. The historian, son of a pastor, is not related to the automotive pioneer Karl Benz. At Heidelberg Benz studied philosophy and cultural history at the university.\nHeidelberg awards a medal named after him.", "Q504753": "Arthur Oncken Lovejoy (October 10, 1873 \u2013 December 30, 1962) was an American philosopher and intellectual historian, who founded the discipline known as the history of ideas with his book The Great Chain of Being (1936), on the topic of that name, which is regarded as 'probably the single most influential work in the history of ideas in the United States during the last half century'.", "Q542706": "Don Manuel Allendesalazar y Mu\u00f1oz de Salazar (24 August 1856 \u2013 17 May 1923) was a Spanish noble and politician who served two terms as Prime Minister of Spain during the regency of Maria Christina of Austria. \nAllendesalazar was born in Guernica. He occupied other political offices such as Minister of State and Mayor of Madrid. He died in Madrid on May 17, 1923.", "Q929248": "Dacian Julien Ciolo\u0219 (Romanian pronunciation: [dat\u0361\u0283i\u02c8an \u02c8t\u0361\u0283jolo\u0283]; born 27 July 1969) is a Romanian agronomist who was Prime Minister of Romania between November 2015 and January 2017. In the C\u0103lin Popescu-T\u0103riceanu cabinet, he was Agriculture Minister from October 2007 to December 2008. In November 2009, European Commission President Jos\u00e9 Manuel Barroso nominated him to be the next Agriculture Commissioner, a post he assumed in February 2010 and held until his term expired in November 2014. In November 2015, President Klaus Iohannis named him Prime Minister, and Ciolo\u0219 assumed office after receiving approval from Parliament. He remained until after the 2016 parliamentary election, which was lost by the parties that called for Ciolo\u0219 to continue his term. Ciolo\u0219 is the founder and current leader of the Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party. In May 2019, he was elected a Member of the European Parliament, subsequently becoming leader of the new Renew Europe political group.\n\n", "Q136264": "Killing Them Softly is a 2012 American neo-noir crime film written and directed by Andrew Dominik and starring Brad Pitt, based on George V. Higgins' novel Cogan's Trade (1974). On May 22, 2012, the film premiered in competition for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival and received positive early reviews. The film is about three small-time crooks who rob a Mob-protected illegal gambling operation, which prompts the Mob to send in two hitmen, Jackie (Pitt) and Mickey (James Gandolfini), to deal with the perpetrators.", "Q1515": "Abidjan ( AB-ih-JAHN, French: [abid\u0292\u0251\u0303]; N\u2019ko: \u07ca\u07d3\u07cc\u07d6\u07ca\u07f2\u07ec) is the economic capital of Ivory Coast and one of the most populous French-speaking cities in Africa. According to the 2014 census, Abidjan's population was 4.7 million, which is 20 percent of the overall population of the country, and this also makes it the sixth most populous city proper in Africa, after Lagos, Cairo, Kinshasa, Dar es Salaam, and Johannesburg. A cultural crossroads of West Africa, Abidjan is characterised by a high level of industrialisation and urbanisation.\nThe city expanded quickly after the construction of a new wharf in 1931, followed by its designation as the capital city of the then-French colony in 1933. Abidjan remained the capital of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire after its independence from France in 1960. The completion of the Vridi Canal in 1951 enabled Abidjan to become an important sea port. In 1983, the city of Yamoussoukro was designated as the official political capital of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire. However, almost all political institutions and foreign embassies continue to be located in Abidjan.\nBecause Abidjan is also the largest city in the country and the centre of its economic activity, it has officially been designated as the \"economic capital\" of the country. The Abidjan Autonomous District, which encompasses the city and some of its suburbs, is one of the 14 districts of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire.", "Q713297": "Lyuben Stoychev Karavelov (Bulgarian: \u041b\u044e\u0431\u0435\u043d \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0435\u0432 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432) (c. 1834 \u2013 21 January 1879) was a Bulgarian writer and an important figure of the Bulgarian National Revival.Karavelov was born in Koprivshtitsa. He began his education in a church school, but in 1850 he moved to the school of Nayden Gerov in Plovdiv. He was then sent by his father to study in a Greek school for two years, before transferring to a Bulgarian school, where he also studied Russian literature. He moved to Odrin for an apprenticeship, but he soon came back to Koprivshtitsa and was sent to Constantinople in 1856. There he developed a strong interest in politics and the Crimean War. At the same time, he studied the culture and ethnography of the region.\nIn 1857, Karavelov enrolled in the Faculty of History and Philology at the University of Moscow, where he fell under the influence of Russian revolutionary democrats, was placed under police surveillance in 1859, and took part in student riots in 1861. With a group of other young Bulgarian student radicals, he published a journal and started writing poetry and long short stories in Bulgarian, and scholarly publications on Bulgarian ethnography and journalism in Russian. In 1867 he went to Belgrade as a correspondent for Russian newspapers and started publishing prose and journalism in Serbian. In 1868 was forced to move to Novi Sad, Austria-Hungary, because of his contacts with the Serb opposition (led by Svetozar Markovi\u0107. Karavelov was arrested and spent time in a Budapest prison for alleged participation in a conspiracy. In 1869 he settled in Bucharest, intending to start his own newspaper and to cooperate with the newly founded Bulgarian Scholarly Society (the future Bulgarian Academy of Sciences).\nAt his first newspaper Svoboda (Freedom) in Bucharest (1869\u20131873), he worked and became friends with poet and revolutionary Hristo Botev who devoted a poem to him. In 1870, Karavelov was elected chairman of the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee, where he worked with Vasil Levski, the leader of the Internal Revolutionary Organization; he shared Levski's ideas of a democratic republic as the goal of the national revolution. Karavelov admired the political system of Switzerland (which he believed was a good model for the ethnically diverse Balkans) and the United States; he praised the American public education system, as well as the emancipated (in his opinion) status of American women.\n\nIn 1873\u20131874, Karavelov and Botev published a second newspaper, Nezavisimost (Independence). Although Karavelov, the older of the two, was the recognized master, both of them were very good professional journalists, setting high standards for Bulgarian language and literature. (Sometimes it was hard to know who exactly authored the many unsigned materials.) Following the capture and execution of Levski in 1873, though, the disheartened Karavelov gradually abandoned his revolutionary zeal, attracting Botev's severe criticism, and started publishing a new Znanie (Knowledge) journal and popular science books.\nKaravelov died in Rousse in 1879, soon after the liberation of Bulgaria.\nKaravelov's works include the short novels Old Time Bulgarians (Bulgarian: \u201e\u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u201c; Bulgari ot staro vreme, and Mommy's Boy (Bulgarian: \u201e\u041c\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u201c; Mamino detentse), considered among the first original Bulgarian novels. His younger brother Petko was a prominent figure in Bulgaria's political life in the late nineteenth century.\n\n", "Q127369": "Bahadur Shah Zafar or Bahadur Shah II (Persian: \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0638\u0641\u0631\u200e) (born as Mirza Abu Zafar Siraj-ud-din Muhammad) (24 October 1775 \u2013 7 November 1862) was the last Mughal emperor. He was the second son of and became the successor to his father, Akbar II, upon his death on 28 September 1837. He was a nominal Emperor, as the Mughal Empire existed in name only and his authority was limited only to the walled city of Old Delhi (Shahjahanbad). Following his involvement in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exiled him to Rangoon in British-controlled Burma (now in Myanmar), after convicting him on several charges.\nZafar's father, Akbar II had been imprisoned by the British and he was not his father's preferred choice as his successor. One of Akbar Shah's queens, Mumtaz Begum, pressured him to declare her son, Mirza Jahangir, as his successor. However, The East India Company exiled Jahangir after he attacked their resident, in the Red Fort, paving the way for Zafar to assume the throne.", "Q7164": "The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of poorer countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. It comprises two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), and the International Development Association (IDA). The World Bank is a component of the World Bank Group.\nThe World Bank's most recent stated goal is the reduction of poverty.", "Q288532": "Krystyna Maria Bochenek (n\u00e9e Neuman) (30 June 1953 \u2013 10 April 2010) was a Polish journalist, politician and Vice-Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland representing Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska).\n\n", "Q98777": "Julius Christian Mergenthaler (8 November 1884 \u2013 11 September 1980), was a Nazi German politician, member of the Reichstag and W\u00fcrttemberg Landtag, Ministerpr\u00e4sident of W\u00fcrttemberg and Culture Minister.\n\n", "Q96982": "Michael van den Nieuwendijk (born 1963), known professionally as Mijk van Dijk, is a German DJ and electronic music producer from Berlin.\n\n", "Q118199": "Flavio Cotti (born 18 October 1939, in Prato-Sornico) is a Swiss politician.\nHe was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 10 December 1986 and handed over office on 30 April 1999. He is affiliated to the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. \nDuring his office time he held the following departments:\n\nFederal Department of Home Affairs (1987\u20131993)\nFederal Department of Foreign Affairs (1994\u20131999)He was President of the Confederation twice, first in 1991 and then again in 1998.", "Q596225": "P\u00e9ter V\u00e1rkonyi (3 April 1931 \u2013 14 October 2008) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1983 and 1989. After that he was the ambassador to the United States until 1990.", "Q120406": "Erika Lindhome (born March 5, 1979) is an American actress, comedian, and musician. She is best known for roles in television shows including Garfunkel and Oates, Gilmore Girls, House, The Big Bang Theory, and United States of Tara, and for the comedy music duo Garfunkel and Oates, which she formed with Kate Micucci. She also hosts the Nerdist podcast Making It. She starred alongside Natasha Leggero in the Comedy Central series Another Period.", "Q93622": "31 North 62 East is an independent psychological thriller film released in September 2009. The title refers to a point in south-western Afghanistan near Zaranj and the Iranian border.\nIt was written by brothers Leofwine Loraine and Tristan Loraine with the first draft of the screen play being completed on 2 May 2008. Principal photography commenced on 21 July 2008 with Tristan Loraine as director and producer. The film cast includes John Rhys-Davies, Marina Sirtis, Heather Peace and Craig Fairbrass.\nThe production company was Fact Not Fiction Films and the director of photography was Sue Gibson, president of the British Society of Cinematographers (BSC).\nThe film music was composed by Paul Garbutt and David Leo Kemp and also includes an appearance by New Zealand born violinist/composer Fiona Pears.\n\n", "Q556767": "Jessica Valenti (; born November 1, 1978) is an American feminist writer. She was the co-founder of the blog, Feministing, which she wrote for from 2004 to 2011. Valenti is the author of five books: Full Frontal Feminism (2007), He's a Stud, She's a Slut (2008), The Purity Myth (2009), Why Have Kids? (2012), and Sex Object: A Memoir (2016). She also co-edited the books Yes Means Yes: Visions of Female Sexual Power and A World Without Rape (2008), and Believe Me: How Trusting Women Can Change the World (2020). Between 2014 and 2018, Valenti was a columnist for The Guardian. She is currently a columnist for Medium.", "Q57106": "Heinrich Schliemann (German: [\u02c8\u0283li\u02d0man]; 6 January 1822 \u2013 26 December 1890) was a German businessman and a pioneer in the field of archaeology. He was an advocate of the historicity of places mentioned in the works of Homer and an archaeological excavator of Hisarlik, now presumed to be the site of Troy, along with the Mycenaean sites Mycenae and Tiryns. His work lent weight to the idea that Homer's Iliad reflects historical events. Schliemann's excavation of nine levels of archaeological remains with dynamite has been criticized as destructive of significant historical artifacts, including the level that is believed to be the historical Troy.Along with Arthur Evans, Schliemann was a pioneer in the study of Aegean civilization in the Bronze Age. The two men knew of each other, Evans having visited Schliemann's sites. Schliemann had planned to excavate at Knossos but died before fulfilling that dream. Evans bought the site and stepped in to take charge of the project, which was then still in its infancy.", "Q11153": "John Glover Roberts Jr. (born January 27, 1955) is an American lawyer and jurist who serves as Chief Justice of the United States. Roberts has authored the majority opinion in several landmark cases, including Shelby County v. Holder, National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, King v. Burwell, and Department of Commerce v. New York. He has been described as having a conservative judicial philosophy in his jurisprudence but has shown a willingness to work with the Supreme Court's liberal bloc, and since the retirement of Anthony Kennedy in 2018 has come to be regarded as a key swing vote on the Court.Roberts grew up in northwestern Indiana and was educated in Catholic schools. He studied history at Harvard University and then attended Harvard Law School, where he became the managing editor of the Harvard Law Review. He served as a law clerk for Circuit Judge Henry Friendly and then-associate justice William Rehnquist before taking a position in the attorney general's office during the Reagan Administration. He went on to serve the Reagan administration and the George H. W. Bush administration in the Department of Justice and the Office of the White House Counsel, before spending 14 years in private law practice. During this time, he argued 39 cases before the Supreme Court. Notably, he represented 19 states in United States v. Microsoft Corp.In 2003, Roberts was appointed as a judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit by George W. Bush. During his two-year tenure on the D.C. Circuit, Roberts authored 49 opinions, eliciting two dissents from other judges, and authoring three dissents of his own. In 2005, Roberts was nominated to be an associate justice of the Supreme Court, initially to succeed the retiring Sandra Day O'Connor. When Rehnquist died before Roberts's confirmation hearings began, Bush instead nominated Roberts to fill the Chief Justice position. Bush would later appoint Samuel Alito to the Associate Justice position that was originally for Roberts.\n\n", "Q219559": "Ecchi (\u30a8\u30c3\u30c1, etchi, pronounced [et.t\u0255i]) is an often used slang term in the Japanese language for playfully sexual actions. As an adjective, it is used with the meaning of \"sexy\", \"dirty\" or \"naughty\"; as a verb, ecchi suru (\u30a8\u30c3\u30c1\u3059\u308b or \uff28\u3059\u308b) means \u201cto have sex\u201d or, as a noun, to describe someone of lascivious behavior. It is perhaps softer than the Japanese word ero (\u30a8\u30ed from Eros), and does not imply perversion in the way hentai does.\nThe word ecchi has been adopted by fans of Japanese media to describe works with sexual overtones. In Japanese, the word ecchi is often used to describe a person's conduct, but in fandom, it has come to be used to refer to softcore or playful sexuality, as distinct from the word hentai, which connotes perversion or fetishism. Works described as ecchi do not show sexual intercourse or genitalia, but sexual themes are referenced. Ecchi themes are a type of fan service, and can be found in most comedy sh\u014dnen and seinen manga and harem anime.", "Q3309450": "Michel Maurice Daniel Denisot (born 16 April 1945) is a French journalist, producer, TV host and director of a football club and television.", "Q238597": "Elvis (also known as Elvis: The Miniseries or Elvis: The Early Years) is a 2005 biographical CBS mini-series written by Patrick Sheane Duncan and directed by James Steven Sadwith. It chronicles the rise of American music icon Elvis Presley from his high school years to his international superstardom.\nThe cast includes Irish actor Jonathan Rhys Meyers as Elvis, Rose McGowan as Ann-Margret, Randy Quaid as \"Colonel\" Tom Parker, Camryn Manheim as Gladys Presley, Robert Patrick as Vernon Presley, Tim Guinee as Sam Phillips, Jack Noseworthy as Steve Binder, Antonia Bernath as Priscilla Presley, Stuart Greer as Captain Beaulieu, Clay Steakley as Bill Black, Mark Adam as Scotty Moore, John Boyd West as Red West and Randy McDowell as Gene Smith.\nMeyers won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Miniseries or Television Film for his performance as Elvis Presley.\n\n", "Q342549": "Nathan Fillion (; born March 27, 1971) is a Canadian-American actor, best known for the leading roles of Captain Malcolm \"Mal\" Reynolds on Firefly and its film continuation Serenity, Richard Castle on Castle and is currently starring as John Nolan on The Rookie.\nFillion has acted in traditionally distributed films like Slither and Trucker, Internet-distributed films like Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog, television soap operas, sitcoms and theater. His voice is also featured in video games, such as the Bungie titles Halo 3, Halo 3: ODST, Halo: Reach, Destiny and Destiny 2, along with the 343 Industries video game Halo 5: Guardians.\nFillion first gained recognition for his work on One Life to Live in the contract role of Joey Buchanan, for which he was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series as well as for his supporting role as Johnny Donnelly in the sitcom Two Guys and a Girl.", "Q540105": "Ivar Formo (24 June 1951 \u2013 26 December 2006) was a Norwegian cross-country skier and orienteer who competed during the 1970s.", "Q85040": "Stanko Bloudek (11 February 1890 \u2013 29 November 1959) was a Slovenian aeroplane and automobile designer, a sportsman and a sport inventor, designer, builder and educator.", "Q173738": "Walter Wolf (born 5 October 1939) is a Canadian oil-drilling equipment supplier who in the early 1970s made a fortune from the North Sea oil business and decided to join the world of Formula One (F1) motor racing.", "Q444377": "Knut Reiersrud (born 12 February 1961 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian blues guitarist. His work also incorporates elements of Norwegian traditional music and African music. Reiersrud has recorded and played with David Lindley, the Blind Boys Of Alabama, Rickie Lee Jones and Nina Hagen. He has also numerous collaborations with Middle East performers like Rim Banna and Mahsa Vahdat. He lives in Oslo. He has collaborated extensively with the Norwegian organist Iver Kleive. He is lead guitarist and one of the original members of Cloudberry Cream.", "Q85726": "Richard Specht (7 December 1870, Vienna - 19 March 1932) was an Austrian lyricist, dramatist, musicologist and writer. \nSpecht is most well known for his writings on classical music, and in his time was seen as a leading music journalist. He was a great authority on the music of Gustav Mahler, and in later life became a regular acquaintance of his widow, Alma Mahler-Werfel.\nHe was, amongst other things, a contributor to the Wiener Illustrierten Extrablatts and other Viennese newspapers. From 1910, he worked at the Merker publishing house. In 1925, he was appointed to a professorship at the institution that is now the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna.", "Q82049": "George Berkeley (; 12 March 1685 \u2013 14 January 1753) \u2013 known as Bishop Berkeley (Bishop of Cloyne) \u2013 was an Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called \"immaterialism\" (later referred to as \"subjective idealism\" by others). This theory denies the existence of material substance and instead contends that familiar objects like tables and chairs are only ideas in the minds of perceivers and, as a result, cannot exist without being perceived. Berkeley is also known for his critique of abstraction, an important premise in his argument for immaterialism.\nIn 1709, Berkeley published his first major work, An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision, in which he discussed the limitations of human vision and advanced the theory that the proper objects of sight are not material objects, but light and colour. This foreshadowed his chief philosophical work, A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, in 1710, which, after its poor reception, he rewrote in dialogue form and published under the title Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous in 1713.In this book, Berkeley's views were represented by Philonous (Greek: \"lover of mind\"), while Hylas (Greek: \"matter\") embodies the Irish thinker's opponents, in particular John Locke.\nBerkeley argued against Isaac Newton's doctrine of absolute space, time and motion in De Motu (On Motion), published 1721. His arguments were a precursor to the views of Mach and Einstein. In 1732, he published Alciphron, a Christian apologetic against the free-thinkers, and in 1734, he published The Analyst, a critique of the foundations of calculus, which was influential in the development of mathematics.Interest in Berkeley's work increased after World War II because he tackled many of the issues of paramount interest to philosophy in the 20th century, such as the problems of perception, the difference between primary and secondary qualities, and the importance of language.", "Q48998": "Susan Kilrain (born October 24, 1961) is an engineer, a former United States Navy officer, and a former NASA astronaut.\n\n", "Q5015": "Mette Frederiksen (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8met\u0259 \u02c8f\u0281e\u00f0\u0281eksn\u0329]; born 19 November 1977) is a Danish politician who has been Prime Minister of Denmark since June 2019 and Leader of the Social Democrats since June 2015. The second woman to hold either office, she is also the youngest Prime Minister in Danish history.After a career as a trade unionist, Frederiksen was first elected to the Folketing in the 2001 general election, representing Copenhagen County. After the Social Democrats won the 2011 general election, she was appointed Minister of Employment by Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt. She was later promoted to become Minister of Justice in 2014. After the Social Democrats' narrow defeat in the 2015 general election, Thorning-Schmidt stood down and Frederiksen won the subsequent leadership election to replace her, becoming Leader of the Opposition.Frederiksen led her party into the 2019 general election which resulted in the bloc of left-wing and centre-left parties (her Social Democrats, the Social Liberals, the Socialist People's Party, the Red\u2013Green Alliance, the Faroese Social Democratic Party and Greenland's Siumut and Inuit Ataqatigiit) winning a majority in the Folketing. Frederiksen was subsequently commissioned by Queen Margrethe II to lead ultimately successful negotiations to form a new government and was sworn in as Prime Minister on 27 June.", "Q1626029": "Homer \"Pappy\" Lee Sherrill (March 23, 1915, Sherrills Ford, North Carolina - November 30, 2001) was an American Old Time and Bluegrass fiddler.\nPappy received his first fiddle, a tin model from Sears and Roebuck, at the age of seven. His first professional performance was in 1928 at Radio Station WSOC in Gastonia, North Carolina. In 1934 Pappy was performing for the Crazy Water Barn Dance on Charlotte, North Carolina's WBT radio station. It was while playing for Crazy Water Crystals that Pappy joined The Blue Sky Boys at station WWNC in Asheville, NC and later The Crazy Blue Ridge Hillbillies at station WGST in Atlanta, Ga. There, he met his wife and formed another band named The Smiling Rangers and moved back to Raleigh, NC at WPTF and then to Danville, VA for station WBTM.In October 1939 Pappy joined the WIS Hillbillies. This introduced Pappy to Dewitt \"Snuffy\" Jenkins and began a musical friendship that would endure throughout their lifetime. In 1948 Byron Parker, \"The Hired Hand\", died. To honor the memory of their dear friend the WIS Hillbillies underwent a name change and became The Hired Hands. The Hired Hands became a veritable force in the country music scene in South Carolina and in 1954 they appeared on WIS-TV's very first day of broadcast. There, the group conducted a television show, \"Carolina in the Morning.\"", "Q3099945": "Howard Charles Lincoln (born February 14, 1940) is an American lawyer and businessman, known primarily for being the former chairman of Nintendo of America and the former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Seattle Mariners baseball team, representing absentee majority owner Hiroshi Yamauchi until Yamauchi died on September 19, 2013.", "Q11635": "Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the experience. The specific place of the performance is also named by the word \"theatre\" as derived from the Ancient Greek \u03b8\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd (th\u00e9atron, \"a place for viewing\"), itself from \u03b8\u03b5\u03ac\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 (the\u00e1omai, \"to see\", \"to watch\", \"to observe\").\nModern Western theatre comes, in large measure, from the theatre of ancient Greece, from which it borrows technical terminology, classification into genres, and many of its themes, stock characters, and plot elements. Theatre artist Patrice Pavis defines theatricality, theatrical language, stage writing and the specificity of theatre as synonymous expressions that differentiate theatre from the other performing arts, literature and the arts in general.Modern theatre includes performances of plays and musical theatre. The art forms of ballet and opera are also theatre and use many conventions such as acting, costumes and staging. They were influential to the development of musical theatre; see those articles for more information.", "Q442706": "Carmela Corren (Hebrew: \u05db\u05e8\u05de\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05df; born February 13, 1938) is an Israeli singer and actress.", "Q124106": "Marc-\u00c9mile Ruchet (14 September 1853 in Bex \u2013 13 July 1912 in Bex) was a French-speaking Swiss politician.He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 14 December 1899 and resigned on 9 July 1912, only four days before his death. He was affiliated with the Free Democratic Party. \nWhile in office he held the following departments:\n\nDepartment of Home Affairs (1900 -1903)\nDepartment of Finance (1904)\nPolitical Department (1905)\nDepartment of Home Affairs (1906 - 1910)\nPolitical Department (1911)\nDepartment of Home Affairs (1912)He was President of the Confederation twice, in 1905 and 1911.", "Q68490": "Blessed Hermann of Reichenau (July 18, 1013 \u2013 September 24, 1054), also known by other names, was an 11th-century Benedictine monk and scholar. He composed works on history, music theory, mathematics, and astronomy, as well as many hymns. He has traditionally been credited with the composition of \"Salve Regina\", \"Veni Sancte Spiritus\", and \"Alma Redemptoris Mater\", although these attributions are sometimes questioned. His cultus and beatification were confirmed by the Roman Catholic Church in 1863.", "Q763": "Saint Kitts and Nevis ( (listen)), officially known as the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, is an island country in the West Indies. Located in the Leeward Islands chain of the Lesser Antilles, it is the smallest sovereign state in the Western Hemisphere, in both area and population. The country is a Commonwealth realm, with Elizabeth II as queen and head of state.The capital city is Basseterre on the larger island of Saint Kitts and on the smaller island, Nevis, the capital city is Charlestown. The smaller island of Nevis lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) to the southeast across a shallow channel called The Narrows.The British dependency of Anguilla was historically also a part of this union, which was then known collectively as Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla. However, it chose to secede from the union and remains a British overseas territory. To the north-northwest lie the islands of Sint Eustatius, Saba, Saint Barth\u00e9lemy, Saint-Martin/Sint Maarten and Anguilla. To the east and northeast are Antigua and Barbuda, and to the southeast is the small uninhabited island of Redonda (part of Antigua and Barbuda) and the island of Montserrat.\nSaint Kitts and Nevis were among the first islands in the Caribbean to be colonized by Europeans. Saint Kitts was home to the first British and French colonies in the Caribbean, and thus has also been titled \"The Mother Colony of the West Indies\".. It was also the last British territory in the Caribbean to become independent, gaining independence in 1983.", "Q93144": "Mark Spencer (born April 8, 1977) is an American computer engineer and is the original author of the GTK+-based instant messaging client Gaim (which has since been renamed to Pidgin), the L2TP daemon l2tpd and the Cheops Network User Interface.\nMark Spencer is also the creator of Asterisk, a Linux-based open-sourced PBX in software. He is the founder, chairman and CTO of Digium, an open-source telecommunications supplier most notable for its development and sponsorship of Asterisk. Spencer shifted from CEO to Chairman and CTO in early 2007.", "Q76876": "Baldur Benedikt von Schirach (9 May 1907 \u2013 8 August 1974) was a Nazi German politician who is best known for his role as the Nazi Party national youth leader and head of the Hitler Youth from 1931 to 1940. He later served as Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter (\"Reich Governor\") of Vienna. After World War II, he was convicted of crimes against humanity in the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison.", "Q731036": "Nicholas William Richmond Shakespeare FRSL (born 3 March 1957) is a British novelist and biographer, described by the Wall Street Journal as \"one of the best English novelists of our time\".", "Q189694": "Wesley Trent Snipes (born July 31, 1962) is an American actor, director, film producer, martial artist and author. His prominent film roles include New Jack City (1991), White Men Can't Jump (1992), Passenger 57 (1992), Demolition Man (1993), and the Marvel Comics character Blade in the Blade film trilogy (1998\u20132004).\nHe formed a production company, Amen-Ra Films, in 1991, and a subsidiary, Black Dot Media, to develop projects for film and television. He has been training in martial arts since the age of 12, earning a 5th dan black belt in Shotokan Karate and 2nd dan black belt in Hapkido.", "Q269900": "Camilla Anne Luddington (born 15 December 1983) is a British-American actress, best known for her role as protagonist Lara Croft in the video games Tomb Raider (2013), Rise of the Tomb Raider (2015) and Shadow of the Tomb Raider (2018), for which she provided the voice and motion capture. She is also known for playing Kate Middleton in the Lifetime film William & Kate: The Movie (2011) and as Jo Karev (Wilson) in the ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy.\n\n", "Q87131": "Eugen Korschelt (28 September 1858, in Zittau \u2013 28 December 1946, in Marburg) was a German zoologist. He is known for his research in the field of comparative embryology and his work involving biological regeneration and transplantation.\nHe served as a lecturer at the Universities of Freiburg and Berlin. becoming a professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at the University of Marburg in 1892. At Marburg, he succeeded Richard Greeff as director of the zoological institute, and twice served as university rector (1904/05, 1914/15). In 1912/13 he was president of the Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft (German Zoological Society).Organisms with the specific epithet of korschelti are named after him, an example being the ribbon worm species Amphiporus korschelti.", "Q431930": "Noein: To Your Other Self (Japanese: \u30ce\u30a8\u30a4\u30f3 \u3082\u3046\u3072\u3068\u308a\u306e\u541b\u3078, Hepburn: Noein: M\u014d Hitori no Kimi e), also known simply as Noein, is a Japanese science fiction anime television series directed by Kazuki Akane and produced by Satelight. The series has 24 episodes which comprises a complete storyline.\nThe English version was produced and dubbed by Manga Entertainment.", "Q243643": "Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows is a 2011 period action mystery film directed by Guy Ritchie and produced by Joel Silver, Lionel Wigram, Susan Downey, and Dan Lin. It is the sequel to the 2009 film Sherlock Holmes, and features the Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John Watson characters created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The film's screenplay was written by Michele Mulroney and Kieran Mulroney. Robert Downey Jr. and Jude Law reprise their roles as Holmes and Watson, alongside Noomi Rapace as Simza, Stephen Fry as Mycroft Holmes, Jared Harris as Professor Moriarty and Rachel McAdams as Irene Adler. Although the film follows an original premise, it incorporates elements of Conan Doyle's short stories \"The Final Problem\" and \"The Adventure of the Empty House\". In the film, Holmes and Watson travel across Europe with a Romani adventuress to foil an intricate plot by their cunning nemesis, Professor Moriarty, to instigate a war.\nUpon its release, the film received positive reviews from critics, most of whom praised the plot, the character of Moriarty, action scenes, production values, and the performances of Downey Jr., Law, and Harris. It was commercially successful, with a worldwide gross of over $545 million. A third film is set for release on December 22, 2021 with Downey and Law set to return.", "Q1345751": "Hudson Whittaker (born Hudson Woodbridge, January 8, 1903 \u2013 March 19, 1981), known as Tampa Red, was an American Chicago blues musician.\nTampa Red is best known as a blues guitarist who had a distinctive single-string slide style. His songwriting and his bottleneck technique influenced other leading Chicago blues guitarists, such as Big Bill Broonzy, Robert Nighthawk and Muddy Waters, and many others, including Elmore James and Mose Allison. In a career spanning over 30 years he also recorded pop, R&B and hokum songs. His best-known recordings include \"Anna Lou Blues\", \"Black Angel Blues\", \"Crying Won't Help You\", \"It Hurts Me Too\", and \"Love Her with a Feeling\".", "Q151599": "Metropolis is a 1927 German expressionist science-fiction drama film directed by Fritz Lang. Written by Thea von Harbou in collaboration with Lang, it stars Gustav Fr\u00f6hlich, Alfred Abel, Rudolf Klein-Rogge and Brigitte Helm. Erich Pommer produced it in the Babelsberg Studios for Universum Film A.G. (UFA). The silent film is regarded as a pioneering science-fiction movie, being among the first feature-length movies of that genre. Filming took place over 17 months in 1925\u201326 at a cost of more than five million Reichsmarks.Made in Germany during the Weimar period, Metropolis is set in a futuristic urban dystopia and follows the attempts of Freder, the wealthy son of the city master, and Maria, a saintly figure to the workers, to overcome the vast gulf separating the classes in their city and bring the workers together with Joh Fredersen, the city master. The film's message is encompassed in the final inter-title: \"The Mediator Between the Head and the Hands Must Be the Heart\".\nMetropolis met a mixed reception upon release. Critics found it pictorially beautiful and visually powerful\u2014the film's art direction by Otto Hunte, Erich Kettelhut and Karl Vollbrecht draws influence from Bauhaus, Cubist and Futurist design, along with touches of the Gothic in the scenes in the catacombs, the cathedral and Rotwang's house\u2014and lauded its complex special effects, but accused its story of naivet\u00e9. H. G. Wells described the film as \"silly\", and The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction calls the film's story \"trite\" and its politics \"ludicrously simplistic\". The film's alleged Communist message was also criticized.The film's extensive running time also came in for criticism, and Metropolis was cut substantially after its German premiere, with a large portion of Lang's original footage removed. Many attempts have been made since the 1970s to restore the film. In 1984 Italian music producer Giorgio Moroder released a truncated version with a soundtrack by rock artists including Freddie Mercury, Loverboy and Adam Ant. In 2001 a new reconstruction of Metropolis was shown at the Berlin Film Festival. In 2008 a damaged print of Lang's original cut of the film was found in a museum in Argentina. After a long restoration process that required additional materials provided by a print from New Zealand, the film was 95% restored and shown on large screens in Berlin and Frankfurt simultaneously on 12 February 2010.\nIn 2001 the film was inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register, the first film thus distinguished.", "Q14995": "Jules Laurent Jean Louis Renkin (3 December 1862 \u2013 15 July 1934) was a Belgian politician.\nBorn in Ixelles, Renkin studied and practised law, and helped found the journal L'Avenir Sociale. In 1896 he was elected as a member of the Catholic Party to the Belgian Chamber of Representatives for Brussels, a seat he held until his death. Original on the Christian Democratic wing of the party, Renkin's views became more conservative with time.\nHe held several ministerial posts, Justice in 1907\u20131908, Colonies from 1908 to 1918, the Interior in 1918\u20131920, and Railway and Posts from 1918 to 1921. In 1920 he was named an honorary Minister of State.\nIn 1931 he became the 28th Prime Minister of Belgium, also holding the Interior, Finance, and Health portfolios. His government was unable to deal effectively with the economic crisis facing Belgium at the time and fell in 1932.\nHe was married to Emma van Hamme.", "Q179215": "Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom is a 1984 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg. It is the second installment in the Indiana Jones franchise and a prequel to the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark, featuring Harrison Ford reprising his role as the title character. After arriving in India, Indiana Jones is asked by desperate villagers to find a mystical stone and rescue their children from a Thuggee cult practicing child slavery, black magic and ritualistic human sacrifice in honor of the goddess Kali.\nNot wishing to feature the Nazis as the villains again, George Lucas, executive producer and co-writer, decided to regard this film as a prequel. Three plot devices were rejected before Lucas wrote a film treatment that resembled the final storyline. Lawrence Kasdan, Lucas' collaborator on Raiders of the Lost Ark, turned down the offer to write the script, and Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz were hired as his replacements, who had previously worked with Lucas. The film was released to financial success but initial reviews were mixed, criticizing its dark tone. However, critical opinion has improved since 1984, citing the film's intensity and imagination. In response to some of the more violent sequences in the film, and with similar complaints about Gremlins, Spielberg suggested that the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) alter its rating system, which it did within two months of the film's release, creating a new PG-13 rating.It was released to cinemas in the USA on May 23, 1984. Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade followed in 1989.\n\n", "Q968214": "Peter James Roskam (born September 13, 1961) is an American politician and former U.S. Representative for Illinois's 6th congressional district, serving six terms from 2007 to 2019. He is a member of the Republican Party and served as the Chief Deputy Majority Whip from 2011\u201314, ranking fourth among House Republican leaders. Previously, he served in the Illinois Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives. He served as Chairman of the House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Tax Policy for the 115th Congress. Roskam was defeated by Democrat Sean Casten in the 2018 election.\n\n", "Q177238": "Esteban Edward Torres (born January 27, 1930) is a U.S. politician who served as member of the United States House of Representatives for California's 34th congressional district from 1983-1999.", "Q553179": "George Koltanowski (also \"Georges\"; 17 September 1903 \u2013 5 February 2000) was a Belgian-born American chess player, promoter, and writer. He was informally known as \"Kolty\". Koltanowski set the world's blindfold record on 20 September 1937, in Edinburgh, by playing 34 chess games simultaneously while blindfolded, making headline news around the world. He also set a record in 1960 for playing 56 consecutive blindfold games at ten seconds per move.", "Q835675": "Freedom Call is a German power metal band formed in 1998. The band tours regularly and the current line-up includes two original members including lead vocalist and songwriter, Chris Bay. Freedom Call has released 12 albums in total, nine of these studio albums.", "Q1273": "Tuscany ( TUSK-\u0259-nee; Italian: Toscana [to\u02c8ska\u02d0na]) is a region in central Italy with an area of about 23,000 square kilometres (8,900 square miles) and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants (2013). The regional capital is Florence (Firenze).\nTuscany is known for its landscapes, history, artistic legacy, and its influence on high culture. It is regarded as the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance and has been home to many figures influential in the history of art and science, and contains well-known museums such as the Uffizi and the Pitti Palace. Tuscany produces wines, including Chianti, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Morellino di Scansano and Brunello di Montalcino. Having a strong linguistic and cultural identity, it is sometimes considered \"a nation within a nation\".Tuscany is a popular destination in Italy; the main tourist spots are Florence, Pisa, Lucca, Siena, Versilia, Maremma and Chianti. The village of Castiglione della Pescaia is the most visited seaside destination in the region, with seaside tourism accounting for approximately 40% of tourist arrivals. Additionally, Siena, Lucca, the Chianti region, Versilia and Val d'Orcia are also internationally renowned and particularly popular spots among travellers.\nSeven Tuscan localities have been designated World Heritage Sites: the historic centre of Florence (1982); the Cathedral square of Pisa (1987); the historical centre of San Gimignano (1990); the historical centre of Siena (1995); the historical centre of Pienza (1996); the Val d'Orcia (2004), and the Medici Villas and Gardens (2013). Tuscany has over 120 protected nature reserves, making Tuscany and its capital Florence popular tourist destinations that attract millions of tourists every year. In 2012, the city of Florence was the world's 89th most visited city, with 1.834 million arrivals.", "Q45264": "Helge Payer (born 9 August 1979) is a retired Austrian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played for the Austrian national team.\n\n", "Q1636212": "The Karabakh Khanate (Persian: \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0627\u063a\u200e \u2013 X\u0101n\u0101t e Qareb\u0101q, Azerbaijani: Qaraba\u011f xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) was a semi-independent Turkic khanate on the territories of modern-day Armenia and Azerbaijan established in about 1748 under Iranian suzerainty in Karabakh and adjacent areas. The Karabakh khanate existed until 1806, when the Russian Empire gained control over it from Iran. The Russian annexation of Karabakh was not formalized until the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, when, as a result of Russo-Persian War (1804\u201313), Fath-Ali Shah of Iran officially ceded Karabakh to Tsar Alexander I of Russia. The khanate was abolished in 1822, after a few years of Russian tolerance towards its Muslim rulers, and a province, with a military administration, was formed.On May 14, 1805 amidst the still ongoing Russo-Persian War of 1804\u20131813, Ibrahim Khalil Khan and the Russian general Pavel Tsitsianov signed an agreement transferring the Karabakh khanate under Russian dominion. However, the agreement was of little value, as the borders were changing constantly up to the end of the war in 1813. Following the Russian violation of the agreement that recognized Ibrahim Khalil Khan and his descendants as rulers of Karabakh in perpetuity, by abolishing the khanate in 1822, a military administration had been formed. Russian control was decisively confirmed with Iran by the Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828.", "Q173076": "Manuel Leaonedas Ayulo (October 20, 1921 \u2013 May 17, 1955) was an American racecar driver. His efforts, along with those of friend and teammate Jack McGrath, helped establish track roadsters as viable race cars. Ayulo was killed in practice for the 1955 Indianapolis 500 when his car crashed straight into a concrete wall. He was found to have not been wearing a seat belt and his pockets \"were filled with wrenches\".", "Q78873": "Ida Laura Pfeiffer (14 October 1797, Vienna \u2013 27 October 1858, Vienna), n\u00e9e Reyer, was an Austrian explorer, travel writer, and ethnographer. She was one of the first female travelers, whose bestselling journals were translated into seven languages. She journeyed an estimated 32,000 kilometers by land and 240,000 kilometers by sea through Southeast Asia, the Americas, Middle East, and Africa, including two trips around the world from 1846 to 1855. She was a member of geographical societies of both Berlin and Paris, but was denied membership by the Royal Geographical Society in London as it forbade the election of women before 1913.", "Q67953": "Adolf von Wilbrandt (24 August 1837 \u2013 10 June 1911) was a German novelist and dramatist.", "Q211893": "Eoin Colfer (; born 14 May 1965) is an Irish author of children's books. He worked as a primary school teacher before he became a full-time writer. He is best known for being the author of the Artemis Fowl series. In September 2008, Colfer was commissioned to write the sixth instalment of the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series, entitled And Another Thing ..., which was published in October 2009. In October 2016, in a contract with Marvel Comics, he released Iron Man: The Gauntlet. He served as Laureate na n\u00d3g (Ireland's Children's Laureate) between 2014 and 2016.", "Q76686": "August Schleicher (German: [\u02c8a\u028a\u0261\u028ast \u02c8\u0283la\u026a\u00e7\u0250]; 19 February 1821 \u2013 6 December 1868) was a German linguist. His great work was A Compendium of the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-European Languages in which he attempted to reconstruct the Proto-Indo-European language. To show how Indo-European might have looked, he created a short tale, Schleicher's fable, to exemplify the reconstructed vocabulary and aspects of Indo-European society inferred from it.", "Q59665": "Jubilation \"Jubilee\" Lee is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, most commonly in association with the X-Men. Created by writer Chris Claremont and artist Marc Silvestri, the character first appeared in Uncanny X-Men #244 (May 1989).Jubilee is a member of the human subspecies known as mutants, born with superhuman abilities. She can generate pyrotechnic energy blasts from her hands. Introduced as an orphaned \"mall rat\" from Beverly Hills, Jubilee joined the X-Men in the early 1990s, becoming the team's youngest member and often playing a sidekick role to her father-figure, Wolverine.\nJubilee eventually joined the junior team Generation X, and was a prominent character in the 1990s-era X-Men animated series. In late 2004, Marvel launched a self-titled six-part limited series for Jubilee set in Los Angeles, written by Robert Kirkman. In early 2011, she appeared in the four-part limited series Wolverine and Jubilee, written by Kathryn Immonen.\nThe character is one of the depowered mutants who later reappeared using technology-based powers in the New Warriors comic book series. In 2010, she was turned into a vampire during the \"Curse of the Mutants\" storyline. She was recently cured of her vampirism and had her mutant powers restored by a shard of the Phoenix Force.\nJubilee has cameo appearances in the first three X-Men films, portrayed by Katrina Florece in the first film, and by Kea Wong in its two sequels. In the 2016 film X-Men: Apocalypse, she was portrayed by Lana Condor.", "Q497107": "Mstislav Romanovich the Old (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439; Russian: \u041c\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439) (died 1223) was Prince of Pskov (1179\u2013?), Smolensk (1197\u2013?), Belgorod (1206), Halych (?\u2013?) and Grand Prince of Kiev (1212\u20131223). He was the son of Roman Rostislavich.\nMstislav defeated an invading Hungarian army in 1221. In April 1223, the Mongols of Genghis Khan sent an envoy of ten ambassadors to negotiate a surrender or alliance. The Russians haughtily executed them all. The Mongol commanders Subodei and Jebe defeated and captured him three days after the Battle of the Kalka River at a palisade on a nearby hill. According to the Novgorod Chronicle, of the large Russian army sent out to fight the Mongols, only \"every tenth returned to his home.\" For the first time since the attack of the Huns on Europe over seven centuries earlier, an Asian force had invaded Europe and utterly annihilated a major army.\nAn account of Mstislav's execution after the battle is described in Jack Weatherford's historical book Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World:\n\nAt the end of the campaign, Subodei and Jebe led their soldiers down to spend a relaxing spring in the Crimea on the Black Sea. They celebrated their victory with a great drunken party that lasted for days. The guest of honor was the defeated Prince Mstislav and his two sons-in-law, but their treatment showed how much the Mongols had changed since the time of Genghis Khan. The Mongols wrapped the three of them in felt rugs, as befitted high-ranking aristocrats, and stuffed them beneath the floorboards of their ger, thereby slowly, but bloodlessly, crushing the men as the Mongols drank and sang through the night on the floor above them. It was important to the Mongols that the Russians understand the severe penalty for killing ambassadors, and it was equally as important for the Mongol leaders to reaffirm to their own men the extent to which they would always be willing to go to avenge the unjust killing of a Mongol.", "Q123899": "Ossip Kurt Flechtheim (March 5, 1909 \u2013 March 4, 1998) was a German jurist, political scientist, author, futurist, and a humanist. He is credited with coining of the term \"Futurology\".", "Q77598": "Theodor Bergk (22 May 1812 \u2013 20 July 1881) was a German philologist, an authority on classical Greek poetry.", "Q4323": "Albert of Aix(-la-Chapelle) or Albert of Aachen; Latin: Albericus Aquensis; floruit circa AD 1100), historian of the First Crusade, was born during the later part of the 11th century, and afterwards became canon (priest) and custos (guardian) of the church of Aachen.Nothing else is known of his life except that he was the author of a Historia Hierosolymitanae expeditionis (\u201cHistory of the Expedition to Jerusalem\u201d), or Chronicon Hierosolymitanum de bello sacro, a work in Latin in twelve books, written between 1125 and 1150. This history begins at the time of the Council of Clermont, deals with the fortunes of the First Crusade and the earlier history of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, and ends somewhat abruptly in 1121.The Historia was well known during the Middle Ages, and was largely used by William, archbishop of Tyre, for the first six books of his Belli sacri historia. In modern times, it was accepted unreservedly for many years by most historians, including Edward Gibbon. In more recent times, its historical value has been seriously impugned, but the verdict of the best scholarship seems to be that in general it forms a true record of the events of the First Crusade, although containing some legendary matter.\nAlbert never visited the Holy Land, but he appears to have had a considerable amount of discourse with returned crusaders, and to have had access to valuable correspondence. Unlike many other chronicles of the First Crusade, Albert did not rely on the Gesta Francorum, but used his own independent interviews; he may also have had access to the Chanson d'Antioche, as his work shares textual similarities with that poem. The first edition of the history was published at Helmstedt in 1584, and a good edition is in the Recueil des historiens des croisades, tome iv (Paris, 1841\u20131887). A modern edition in Latin and English translation by Susan B. Edgington is available in the Oxford Medieval Texts series.", "Q380152": "Azim Hashim Premji (born 24 July 1945) is an Indian business tycoon, investor, engineer, and philanthropist, who is the chairman of Wipro Limited. He is informally known as the Czar of the Indian IT Industry. He was responsible for guiding Wipro through four decades of diversification and growth to finally emerge as one of the global leaders in the software industry. In 2010, he was voted among the 20 most powerful men in the world by Asiaweek. He has twice been listed among the 100 most influential people by TIME Magazine, once in 2004 and more recently in 2011. For years, he has been regularly listed one among the 500 Most Influential Muslims of the world.He is currently the tenth richest person in India with an estimated net worth of US$7.2 billion as of October 2019. In 2013, he agreed to give away at least half of his wealth by signing The Giving Pledge. Premji started with a $2.2 billion donation to the Azim Premji Foundation, focused on education in India.", "Q57648": "Victoria of Baden (Sophie Marie Viktoria; 7 August 1862 \u2013 4 April 1930), was Queen of Sweden as the consort of King Gustaf V. She was politically active in a conservative fashion during the development of democracy and known to be pro-German during the First World War.", "Q103591": "Germaine Greer (; born 29 January 1939) is an Australian writer and public intellectual, regarded as one of the major voices of the second-wave feminist movement in the later half of the 20th century. Specializing in English and women's literature, she has held academic positions in England at the University of Warwick and Newnham College, Cambridge, and in the United States at the University of Tulsa. Based in England since 1964, she has divided her time since the 1990s between Australia and her home in Essex.Greer's ideas have created controversy ever since her first book, The Female Eunuch (1970), made her a household name. An international bestseller and a watershed text in the feminist movement, the book offered a systematic deconstruction of ideas such as womanhood and femininity, arguing that women are forced to assume submissive roles in society to fulfil male fantasies of what being a woman entails.Her work since then has focused on literature, feminism and the environment. She has written over 20 books, including Sex and Destiny (1984), The Change (1991), The Whole Woman (1999), and Shakespeare's Wife (2007). Her 2013 book, White Beech: The Rainforest Years, describes her efforts to restore an area of rainforest in the Numinbah Valley in Australia. In addition to her academic work and activism, she has been a prolific columnist for The Sunday Times, The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, The Spectator, The Independent, and The Oldie, among others.Greer is a liberation (or radical) rather than equality feminist. Her goal is not equality with men, which she sees as assimilation and \"agreeing to live the lives of unfree men\". \"Women's liberation\", she wrote in The Whole Woman (1999), \"did not see the female's potential in terms of the male's actual.\" She argues instead that liberation is about asserting difference and \"insisting on it as a condition of self-definition and self-determination\". It is a struggle for the freedom of women to \"define their own values, order their own priorities and decide their own fate\".", "Q209004": "Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432; 16 February [O.S. 4 February] 1831 \u2013 5 March [O.S. 21 February] 1895) was a Russian novelist, short-story writer, playwright, and journalist, who also wrote under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky. Praised for his unique writing style and innovative experiments in form, and held in high esteem by Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov and Maxim Gorky among others, Leskov is credited with creating a comprehensive picture of contemporary Russian society using mostly short literary forms. His major works include Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk (1865) (which was later made into an opera by Shostakovich), The Cathedral Clergy (1872), The Enchanted Wanderer (1873), and The Tale of Cross-eyed Lefty from Tula and the Steel Flea (1881).Leskov received his formal education at the Oryol Lyceum. In 1847 Leskov joined the Oryol criminal court office, later transferring to Kiev, where he worked as a clerk, attended university lectures, mixed with local people, and took part in various student circles. In 1857 Leskov quit his job as a clerk and went to work for the private trading company Scott & Wilkins owned by Alexander Scott, his aunt's English husband.\nHis literary career began in the early 1860s with the publication of his short story The Extinguished Flame (1862), and his novellas Musk-Ox (May 1863) and The Life of a Peasant Woman (September, 1863). His first novel No Way Out was published under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky in 1864. From the mid-1860s to the mid-1880s Leskov published a wide range of works, including journalism, sketches, short stories, and novels. Leskov's major works, many of which continue to be published in modern versions, were written during this time. A number of his later works were banned because of their satirical treatment of the Russian Orthodox Church and its functionaries. Leskov died on 5 March 1895, aged 64, and was interred in the Volkovo Cemetery in Saint Petersburg, in the section reserved for literary figures.", "Q878985": "Modernism is both a philosophical movement and an art movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Among the factors that shaped modernism were the development of modern industrial societies and the rapid growth of cities, followed then by reactions to the horrors of World War I.\nModernism, in general, reflected a departure from traditional forms of art, religion, philosophy, social organization, and daily life which modernist artists felt had become outdated in the new environments of an emerging industrialized world. The poet Ezra Pound's 1934 injunction to \"Make it new!\" was the touchstone of the movement's approach towards what it saw as the now obsolete culture of the past. Modernism also rejected the certainty of Enlightenment thinking, and many modernists also rejected religious belief.Modernist innovations, like abstract art, the stream-of-consciousness novel, atonal (or pantonal) and twelve-tone music, and divisionist painting all had precursors in the 19th century. A notable characteristic of modernism is self-consciousness concerning artistic and social traditions, which often led to experimentation with form, along with the use of techniques that drew attention to the processes and materials used in creating works of art. Modernism explicitly rejected the ideology of realism and made use of the works of the past by the employment of reprise, incorporation, rewriting, recapitulation, revision and parody.While some scholars see modernism continuing into the 21st century, others see it evolving into late modernism or high modernism. Postmodernism is a departure from modernism and refutes its basic assumptions.", "Q979331": "Ian Robertson Underwood (born May 22, 1939) is a woodwind and keyboards player, perhaps best known for his work with Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention.", "Q350603": "Adam Hafejee Patel, Baron Patel of Blackburn (7 June 1940 \u2013 29 May 2019) was a British businessman and Labour Member of the House of Lords.", "Q1689184": "Terence James O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of Gatley (born in 1957)) is a British economist best known for coining BRICs, the acronym that stands for Brazil, Russia, India, and China\u2014the four rapidly developing countries that have come to symbolise the shift in global economic power away from the developed G7 economies. He is also a former chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management and former Conservative government minister. As of January 2014, he is an Honorary Professor of Economics at the University of Manchester. He was appointed Commercial Secretary to the Treasury in the Second Cameron Ministry, a position he held until his resignation on 23 September 2016. Since 2008, he has written monthly columns for international media organization Project Syndicate.", "Q87119": "Paul Eugen Sieg (2 August 1899 \u2013 2 May 1950) was a German physicist and writer.", "Q128714": "Jen\u0151 Rejt\u0151 (Jen\u0151 Reich; 1905\u20131943; pseudonyms: P. Howard, Gibson Lavery) was a Hungarian journalist, pulp fiction writer and playwright who died as a forced labourer during World War II. He was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary, on March 29, 1905, and died in Evdakovo, Voronezh Oblast, Soviet Union (then under Axis occupation) on January 1, 1943. Despite the \"pulp\" nature of his writings, he is not only widely read in Hungary, but is also much appreciated by literary critics. It is a prevalent opinion that he lifted the genre to the level of serious art, and his works will long outlive him.", "Q382745": "Jean\u2013Fran\u00e7ois Tielemans (15 November 1799 \u2013 5 July 1887) was a Belgian lawyer and liberal politician. He was interim governor of the province of Antwerp from 7 April 1831 until 14 June 1831 and governor of the province of Li\u00e8ge from 4 June 1831 until 4 October 1832.\n\n", "Q483172": "CNBLUE (Korean: \uc528\uc5d4\ube14\ub8e8) is a South Korean pop rock band formed in 2009. The band consists of Jung Yong-hwa (leader, main vocals, guitar, keyboard, rap), Kang Min-hyuk (drums), and Lee Jung-shin (bass). First bassist Kwon Kwang-jin left the band after they released their debut Japanese extended play Now or Never in 2009, and was replaced by Lee Jung-shin. Lee Jong-hyun (guitar and vocals) left the band on August 28, 2019.\nCN is an initialism for Code Name, while BLUE is a backronym for burning, lovely, untouchable, and emotional; it is meant to portray the images of Jong-hyun, Min-hyuk, Jung-shin, and Yong-hwa, respectively. On January 14, 2010, CNBLUE debuted in Korea with the lead single \"I'm a Loner\" from their first Korean EP Bluetory.\n\n", "Q2218648": "Sam (Samuel) McBride (July 13, 1866 \u2013 November 14, 1936) was a two-time Mayor of Toronto serving his first term from 1928 to 1929 and his second term in 1936 which ended prematurely due to his death. He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada.", "Q139619": "Eduard Mochalov is a former businessman from Russia who survived corporate raid on his business and took the path of a \u2033crusading journalist\u2033, bringing to light numerous facts of corruption among local officials.\n\n", "Q448565": "The Contact (Korean: \uc811\uc18d; RR: Jeopsok) is a 1997 South Korean romance film directed by Chang Yoon-hyun. Starring Han Suk-kyu and Jeon Do-yeon, it was the second biggest-grossing Korean film of 1997 with 674,933 admissions, and was awarded the Grand Bell Awards for best picture.", "Q86207": "Eugen Steimle (8 December 1909 \u2013 9 October 1987) was a German SS commander in the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) during the Nazi era. He commanded Sonderkommando 7a and Einsatzkommando 4a of the Einsatzgruppen, both of which were responsible for mass killings in the Soviet Union. Steimle was found guilty in 1947 in the Einsatzgruppen Trial and sentenced to death in 1948. His sentence was commuted to 20 years in prison.", "Q671348": "Worthing () is a large seaside town in England, and district with borough status in West Sussex. It is situated at the foot of the South Downs, 10 miles (16 km) west of Brighton, and 18 miles (29 km) east of the county town of Chichester. With an estimated population of about 110,000 and an area of 12.5 square miles (32.4 km2), the borough is the second largest component of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation, which makes it part of the 15th most populous urban area in the United Kingdom. Since 2010, northern parts of the borough, including the Worthing Downland Estate, have formed part of the South Downs National Park. In April 2019, the Art Deco Worthing Pier was dubbed the best in Britain.The area around Worthing has been populated for at least 6,000 years and contains Britain's greatest concentration of Stone Age flint mines, which are some of the earliest mines in Europe. Lying within the borough, the Iron Age hill fort of Cissbury Ring is one of Britain's largest. Worthing means \"(place of) Worth/Wor\u014d's people\", from the Old English personal name Worth/Wor\u014d (the name means \"valiant one, one who is noble\"), and -ingas \"people of\" (reduced to -ing in the modern name). The recorded history of Worthing began with the Domesday Book. It is historically part of Sussex in the rape of Bramber, although Goring, which forms part of the rape of Arundel, was incorporated in 1929.\nFor many centuries Worthing was a small mackerel fishing hamlet until in the late 18th century it developed into an elegant Georgian seaside resort and attracted the well-known and wealthy of the day. In the 19th and 20th centuries the area was one of Britain's chief market gardening centres.Modern Worthing has a large service industry, particularly in financial services. It has three theatres and one of Britain's oldest cinemas, the Dome cinema. Writers Oscar Wilde and Harold Pinter lived and worked in the town.", "Q1414779": "Richard Joseph Frankland (born 16 December 1963) is an Australian playwright, scriptwriter and musician. He is an Aboriginal Australian of Gunditjmara origin from Victoria. He has worked significantly for the Aboriginal Australian cause.", "Q1238976": "Donald Buchla (April 17, 1937 \u2013 September 14, 2016) was an American pioneer in the field of sound synthesis. He was co-inventor of the voltage controlled modular synthesizer along with Robert Moog, the two working independently in the early 1960s.\n\n", "Q167765": "Marion Rogers \"Mimi' Weddell (February 15, 1915 \u2013 September 24, 2009) was an American actress. She is best known for portraying Stanford's grandmother on Sex and the City and for being featured in a documentary film, Hats Off, about her life and her collection of some 150 hats.", "Q349434": "Jermaine Dupri Mauldin (born September 23, 1972) is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer and record executive. He was born in Asheville, North Carolina and was raised in Atlanta. He has worked with and produced for Kris Kross, Mariah Carey, Usher, Jay-Z, Nelly, Monica, Migos, Da Brat, Xscape, Janet Jackson, TLC, Aretha Franklin, Ludacris, Alicia Keys, Jagged Edge and Bow Wow.", "Q12223794": "Abdul Muhsin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e) (1925 \u2013 10 May 1985) was the governor of Medina and member of House of Saud. He was one of the leading poets in Saudi Arabia, and a lover of literature, poetry and historical books.\n\n", "Q572821": "Big Black was an American punk rock band from Evanston, Illinois, active from 1981 to 1987. Founded by singer and guitarist Steve Albini, the band's initial lineup also included guitarist Santiago Durango and bassist Jeff Pezzati, both of Naked Raygun. In 1985, Pezzati was replaced by Dave Riley, who played on Big Black's two full-length studio albums, Atomizer (1986) and Songs About Fucking (1987).\nBig Black's aggressive and abrasive music was characterized by distinctively clanky guitars and the use of a drum machine rather than a drum kit, elements that foreshadowed industrial rock. The band's lyrics flouted commonly held taboos and dealt frankly\u2014and often explicitly\u2014with politically and culturally loaded topics including murder, rape, child sexual abuse, arson, racism, and misogyny. Though the band's lyrics contained controversial material, the lyrics were meant to serve as a commentary or a display of distaste for the subject matter. They were staunchly critical of the commercial nature of rock, shunning the mainstream music industry and insisting on complete control over all aspects of their career. At the height of their success, they booked their own tours, paid for their own recordings, refused to sign contracts, and eschewed many of the traditional corporate trappings of rock bands. In doing so, they had a significant impact on the aesthetic and political development of independent and underground rock music.\nIn addition to two studio albums, Big Black released two live albums, two compilation albums, four EPs, and five singles, all through independent record labels. Most of the band's catalog was kept in print through Touch and Go Records for years following their breakup.", "Q9161": "Josip Broz (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: \u0408\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043f \u0411\u0440\u043e\u0437, pronounced [j\u01d2sip br\u00f4\u02d0z]; 7 May 1892 \u2013 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: \u0422\u0438\u0442\u043e, pronounced [t\u00eeto]), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman, serving in various roles from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II, he was the leader of the Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in occupied Europe. He also served as the President of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 14 January 1953 to 4 May 1980. While his presidency has been criticised as authoritarian and concerns about the repression of political opponents have been raised, Tito has been seen by most as a benevolent dictator.He was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad. Viewed as a unifying symbol, his internal policies maintained the peaceful coexistence of the nations of the Yugoslav federation. He gained further international attention as the chief leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, alongside Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, and Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana.Broz was born to a Croat father and Slovene mother in the village of Kumrovec, Austria-Hungary (now in Croatia). Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Imperial Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. He participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and subsequent Civil War. \nUpon his return to the Balkans in 1918, Broz entered the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ). He later was elected as General Secretary (later Chairman of the Presidium) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939\u20131980). During World War II, after the Nazi invasion of the area, he led the Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Partisans (1941\u20131945).After the war, he was selected as Prime Minister (1944\u20131963), and President (later President for Life) (1953\u20131980) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, Tito held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). With a highly favourable reputation abroad in both Cold War blocs, he received some 98 foreign decorations, including the Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath.\nTito was the chief architect of the second Yugoslavia, a socialist federation that lasted from November 1943 until April 1992. Despite being one of the founders of Cominform, he became the first Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony in 1948. He was the only leader in Joseph Stalin's time to leave Cominform and begin with his country's own socialist program, which contained elements of market socialism. Economists active in the former Yugoslavia, including Czech-born Jaroslav Vanek and Yugoslav-born Branko Horvat, promoted a model of market socialism that was dubbed the Illyrian model. Firms were socially owned by their employees and structured on workers' self-management; they competed in open and free markets. \nTito built a very powerful cult of personality around himself, which was maintained by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia after his death.\nTito managed to keep ethnic tensions under control by delegating as much power as possible to each republic. The 1974 Yugoslav Constitution defined SFR Yugoslavia as a \"federal republic of equal nations and nationalities, freely united on the principle of brotherhood and unity in achieving specific and common interest.\" Each republic was also given the right to self-determination and secession if done through legal channels. Lastly, Kosovo and Vojvodina, the two constituent provinces of Serbia, received substantially increased autonomy, including de facto veto power in the Serbian parliament. \nTen years after his death, Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe, and Yugoslavia descended into civil war.", "Q4161903": "Dingad was a late 5th century Welsh saint and early Christian church founder.\nHe is recorded in all the early 'Brychan documents' as a son of King Brychan, King of the Welsh kingdom of Brycheiniog in south-east Wales.\nHe was patron of Llandingat Church (in Llandovery) in Carmarthenshire and of Dingestow in Monmouthshire. It is, however, sometimes suggested that the latter village's titular is Dingad ap Nudd Hael, so-called 'King of Brynbuga' (Usk in Monmouthshire).", "Q6252": "Monza (US: , Italian: [\u02c8montsa] (listen); Monzese: Monscia [\u02c8m\u0169\u02d0\u0283a]; Latin: Modoetia) is a city and comune on the River Lambro, a tributary of the Po in the Lombardy region of Italy, about 15 kilometres (9 miles) north-northeast of Milan. It is the capital of the Province of Monza and Brianza. Monza is best known for its Grand Prix motor racing circuit, the Autodromo Nazionale Monza, which hosts the Formula One Italian Grand Prix with a massive Italian support tifosi for the Ferrari team.\nOn 11 June 2004 Monza was designated the capital of the new province of Monza and Brianza. The new administrative arrangement came fully into effect in summer 2009; previously, Monza was a comune within the province of Milan. Monza is the third-largest city of Lombardy and is the most important economic, industrial and administrative centre of the Brianza area, supporting a textile industry and a publishing trade. Monza also hosts a Department of the University of Milan Bicocca, a Court of Justice and several offices of regional administration. Monza Park is one of the largest urban parks in Europe.", "Q96772": "Hermann K\u00f6chly (born Leipzig, 5 August 1815; died Trieste, 3 December 1876) was a German philologist and educational reformer.", "Q1190842": "Michael Rabin (May 2, 1936 \u2013 January 19, 1972) was an American violinist. He has been described as \"one of the most talented and tragic violin virtuosi of his generation\". His complete Paganini \"24 Caprices\" for solo violin are available as a single CD, and an additional 6-CD set contains most of his concerto recordings. Despite his brief career\u2014he died at 35\u2014they remain seminal interpretations.Michael Rabin was of Romanian-Jewish descent. His mother Jeanne was a Juilliard-trained pianist, and his father George was a violinist in the New York Philharmonic. He began to study the violin at the age of seven. His parents encouraged his musical development. After a lesson with Jascha Heifetz, the master advised him to study with Ivan Galamian, who said he had \"no weaknesses, never.\" He began studies with Galamian in New York and at the Meadowmount School of Music and the Juilliard School. His Carnegie Hall debut took place in January 1950, at the age of 13, as soloist with the National Orchestral Association, playing Vieuxtemps' Concerto No. 5 under the direction of L\u00e9on Barzin. Subsequently, he appeared with a number of American orchestras before his Carnegie Hall debut on 29 November 1951, at the age of 15, in the Paganini D major Concerto, with Dimitri Mitropoulos conducting the New York Philharmonic. His 1958 recording of this concerto is considered by many to be the most impressive recording of this work, and the recording itself is notable for the fullness of tone.\nHis first London appearance took place on 13 December 1954, at age 18, playing the Tchaikovsky Concerto in D at the Royal Albert Hall with the BBC Symphony Orchestra.\nRabin recorded concertos by Mendelssohn, Glazunov, Paganini (No. 1 in D major; 2 recordings), Wieniawski (No. 1 in F-sharp minor, No. 2 in D minor) and Tchaikovsky, as well as Bruch's Scottish Fantasy and the Paganini Caprices for solo violin. He recorded the Bach Sonata No. 3 in C major for solo violin, and the Third and Fourth sonatas for solo violin by Eug\u00e8ne Ysa\u00ffe, as well as other virtuoso pieces, including an album with the Hollywood Bowl Orchestra.\nRabin played in a bel canto style. For many years, he played the \"Kubelik\" Guarnerius del Ges\u00f9 of 1735. He toured widely, playing in all major cities in the U.S., Europe, South America, Southern Africa, and Australia. He even appeared on a 1951 episode of the variety television series \"Texaco Star Theatre.\"\nDuring a recital in Carnegie Hall, he suddenly lost his balance and fell forward. This was an early sign of a neurological condition which was to limit his career from then on. His death, at 35, resulted from a fall in his apartment in New York City.", "Q552529": "Ted Arnbj\u00f6rn G\u00e4rdestad (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u025bd\u02d0 \u02c8j\u00e6\u0302\u02d0\u0256\u025b\u02ccst\u0251\u02d0d]; 18 February 1956 \u2013 22 June 1997) was a Swedish singer, songwriter, musician and actor known internationally as Ted. G\u00e4rdestad began his acting career in 1966 and began playing music in 1971, signing with Polar Music. Assigned with in-house producers Benny Andersson and Bj\u00f6rn Ulvaeus, G\u00e4rdestad released his first single, \"Hela v\u00e4rlden runt,\" in late 1971 and worked closely with the four members of ABBA to create his debut album Undringar (1972). As Polar Music's best-selling solo artist (aside from ABBA), he continued to work with the group members throughout the 1970s, releasing three more albums Ted (1973), Uppt\u00e5g (1974) and Franska Kort (1976), which were moderately successful. In 1978, G\u00e4rdestad released his first English-language album, Blue Virgin Isles, which did not have success internationally, as his predecessor albums had in his home country.In 1979, Ted and his brother Kenneth G\u00e4rdestad played at Melodifestivalen, the competition to select Sweden's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest, with the song \"Satellit.\" They won the competition which allowed them to represent Sweden at Eurovision held in Jerusalem. G\u00e4rdestad attempted once more to enter a song at Melodifestivalen but was unsuccessful. He left the music industry shortly thereafter, to try acting. By the 1990s, he played with other musicians such as Harpo. G\u00e4rdestad toured extensively starting in 1994 until his death by suicide in 1997. A biographical movie about G\u00e4rdestad was released in 2018, called Ted: F\u00f6r k\u00e4rlekens skull.", "Q461691": "Frank McRae (born March 18, 1944 or June 3, 1942) is an American film and television actor, and a former professional football player.", "Q176668": "Lazar \"Laza\" Ristovski (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440 \u0420\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438, born 26 October 1952) is a Serbian retired actor, director, producer and writer. He has appeared on stage about 4,000 times, and starred in over 40 films, TV series and TV dramas, mostly in lead roles.", "Q2481742": "Pierre-Charles-Alexandre Louis (14 April 1787 \u2013 22 August 1872) was a French physician, clinician and pathologist known for his studies on tuberculosis, typhoid fever, and pneumonia, but Louis's greatest contribution to medicine was the development of the \"numerical method\", forerunner to epidemiology and the modern clinical trial, paving the path for evidence-based medicine.", "Q1251718": "Douglas Flint Dillard (March 6, 1937 \u2013 May 16, 2012) was an American musician noted for his banjo proficiency and his pioneering participation in late-60s country rock.\n\n", "Q886497": "F\u00e9lix Amiot (October 17, 1894 - December 21, 1974) was a French industrialist and aircraft constructor based in Colombes, France. Some of the aircraft models he designed served in the French Air Force during the Second World War. His second industrial activity was shipbuilding for fishing boats, sailing and warship in Cherbourg. He became famous for designing and producing Missile Boat (Fast attack craft) type \"Combattante\" which he sold worldwide.", "Q44634": "Christa P\u00e4ffgen (16 October 1938 \u2013 18 July 1988), known by her stage name Nico, was a German singer, songwriter, musician, model, and actress. She had roles in several films, including Federico Fellini's La Dolce Vita (1960) and Andy Warhol's Chelsea Girls (1966).\nAt the insistence of Warhol, she recorded vocals for three songs of the Velvet Underground's debut album The Velvet Underground & Nico (1967). At the same time, she started a solo career and released Chelsea Girl. Nico's friend Jim Morrison suggested that she start writing her own material. She then composed songs on a harmonium, not traditionally a rock instrument; John Cale became her musical arranger and produced The Marble Index, Desertshore, The End... and other subsequent albums.\nIn the 1980s, she toured extensively in Europe, United States, Australia and Japan. After a concert in Berlin in June 1988, she went on holiday in Ibiza to rest and died as the result of a cycling accident.", "Q1210022": "John Richard Moore Jr. (September 12, 1925 \u2013 September 7, 2015) was an American actor known professionally as Dickie Moore and later as Dick Moore. He was one of the last surviving actors to have appeared in silent film. A busy and popular actor during his childhood and youth, he appeared in over 100 films until the 1950s. Among his most notable appearances were the Our Gang series and films such as Oliver Twist, Blonde Venus, Sergeant York and Out of the Past.", "Q3823331": "Plague Ship is the 5th installment of The Oregon Files by Clive Cussler & Jack Du Brul. It recounts a series of violent viral attacks on cruise ships by extremists who want to make half the world's population sterile. The group, named \"The Responsivists\", is a thinly disguised cover for \"Scientologists\".", "Q50641": "The history of art focuses on objects made by humans in visual form for aesthetic purposes. Visual art can be classified in diverse ways, such as separating fine arts from applied arts; inclusively focusing on human creativity; or focusing on different media such as architecture, sculpture, painting, film, photography, and graphic arts. In recent years, technological advances have led to video art, computer art, Performance art, animation, television, and videogames.\nThe history of art is often told as a chronology of masterpieces created during each civilization. It can thus be framed as a story of high culture, epitomized by the Wonders of the World. On the other hand, vernacular art expressions can also be integrated into art historical narratives, referred to as folk arts or craft. The more closely that an art historian engages with these latter forms of low culture, the more likely it is that they will identify their work as examining visual culture or material culture, or as contributing to fields related to art history, such as anthropology or archaeology. In the latter cases, art objects may be referred to as archeological artifacts.", "Q740181": "Karel Sabina (pen names include Arian \u017delinsk\u00fd and Leo Blass) (29 December 1813 \u2013 8 November 1877) was a Czech writer and journalist.\n\n", "Q673239": "Friedrich Ludwig Balthasar Amelung (23 March [O.S. 11 March] 1842 \u2013 20 March [O.S. 7 March] 1909) was a Baltic German cultural historian, businessman and chess endgame composer.\nAmelung was born at V\u00f5isiku (German: Woiseck) manor in Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire (present-day J\u00f5geva County in Estonia). 1862\u20131864 he studied philosophy and chemistry at the University of Dorpat. 1864\u20131879 and 1885\u20131902 he was the director of the R\u00f5ika-Meleski mirror factory which he inherited from his father. Amelung published writings about the culture and history of Estonian localities like Viljandi, Tallinn and P\u00f5ltsamaa.Amelung was known as a chess player and a famous chess quiz's author. 1879\u20131885 he lived in Reval (now Tallinn) and studied the chess history of the Baltics. Between 1888 and 1908 he edited the chess magazine Baltische Schachbl\u00e4tter. In 1898 he established the Baltic Chess Society. Amelung published about 230 endgame studies, making him the first chess historian in the Baltic States.He played a few games with Adolf Anderssen, Gustav Neumann, Carl Mayet, Emil Schallopp, Andreas Ascharin, Emanuel Schiffers.\nHe died in 1909 in Riga and is buried at the Kolga-Jaani cemetery in Estonia.", "Q322295": "John Walter (1 January 1738 \u2013 17 November 1812) was an English newspaper publisher and founder of The Times newspaper, which he launched on 1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register. He was born in London and was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, then located in London.\n\n", "Q388268": "Ours-Pierre-Armand Petit-Dufr\u00e9noy (5 September 1792 \u2013 20 March 1857) was a French geologist and mineralogist.", "Q2252999": "Felice Mario Boano (Turin 1903 \u2013\u2013 Turin 8 May 1989) was an Italian automobile designer and coachbuilder.\n\nHe worked for Stabilimenti Farina in Turin before joining Pininfarina in 1930.\nIn 1944 (with Giorgio Alberti), Boano bought the Carrozzeria Ghia in Torino when their friend Giacinto Ghia died. Boano and Luigi Segre were central in several low-roofline designs; the Alfa Romeo 2500 CC, Lancia Aurelia (1950), Karmann Ghia (1953), Chrysler K200, Alfa Romeo 1900SS, and some Ferrari 166 of berlinetta style. He is also credited with Lancia Aurelia GT coupe design.\nIn 1954 he founded Carrozzeria Boano in Grugliasco with his son Gian Paolo Boano (born 1930) who also had been with him while at Ghia. They took over some of Ferrari 250 GT production from Pininfarina. After only three years, Boano closed, and his son-in-law Ezio Ellena took over the 250 production in his Carrozzeria Ellena (1957\u20131966).Starting in 1957, Boano worked under Dante Giacosa for Fiat in their Turin styling department, creating the Fiat 600 and the square style of Simca 1000. His son Gian Paolo Boano (1930\u2013) succeeded him in 1959, as leader of the Centro Stile, Fiats styling department.Mario retired from Fiat in 1966. Gian Paolo remained with Fiat until 1988. Mario Boano died in 1989.", "Q165172": "One Hundred Men and a Girl is a 1937 American musical comedy film directed by Henry Koster and starring Deanna Durbin and the maestro Leopold Stokowski. Written by Charles Kenyon, Bruce Manning, and James Mulhauser from a story by Hanns Kr\u00e4ly, the film is about the daughter of a struggling musician who forms a symphony orchestra consisting of his unemployed friends. Through persistence, charm, and a few misunderstandings, they are able to get famed conductor Leopold Stokowski to lead them in a concert, which leads to a radio contract. One Hundred Men and a Girl was the first of two motion pictures featuring Leopold Stokowski, and is also one of the films for which Durbin is best remembered as an actress and a singer.\n\n", "Q445727": "Lou Rhodes is an English singer and songwriter from Manchester, now living in Wiltshire. In addition to providing vocals and lyrics for the band Lamb, Rhodes has released four solo albums: Beloved One, Bloom and One Good Thing and theyesandeye. Rhodes has collaborated with 808 State, A Guy Called Gerald, Funkst\u00f6rung, Pale 3, Sugizo, Plump DJs, Sheila Chandra, Eliza Carthy, Art of Noise, and The Cinematic Orchestra on Ma Fleur and the soundtrack to The Crimson Wing: Mystery of the Flamingos.", "Q123127": "Klaus Merz, (born October 3, 1945 in Aarau, canton Aargau) is a Swiss writer.", "Q332086": "The White Countess is a 2005 drama film directed by James Ivory and starring Ralph Fiennes, Natasha Richardson, Vanessa Redgrave, Hiroyuki Sanada, Lynn Redgrave, Allan Corduner, and Madeleine Potter. The screenplay by Kazuo Ishiguro focuses on a disparate group of displaced persons attempting to survive in Shanghai in the late 1930s.", "Q181586": "Bingu wa Mutharika (; born Brightson Webster Ryson Thom; 24 February 1934 \u2013 5 April 2012) was a Malawian politician and economist who was President of Malawi from May 2004 until his death in April 2012. He was also President of the Democratic Progressive Party, which he founded in February 2005; it obtained a majority in Malawi's parliament in the 2009 general election. During his two terms in office, he was noted for being the Chairperson of the African Union in 2010\u20132011, as well as for several domestic controversies. In 2009, he purchased a private presidential jet for $13.26 million. This was followed almost immediately by a nationwide fuel shortage which was officially blamed on logistical problems, but was more likely due to the hard currency shortage caused by the freezing of aid by the international community He died in office from a cardiac arrest on 5 April 2012, at age 78.", "Q380634": "Pras Michel (; born Prakazrel Samuel Michel; October 19, 1972) is a Haitian-American rapper, record producer, songwriter and actor. He is best known as one of the founding members of the influential hip hop group Fugees, which included Wyclef Jean and Lauryn Hill. Together the three were able to win awards for their grammy winning album, \"The Score\". He is being indicted by the United States Department of Justice, on May 10, 2019, for his part in a criminal conspiracy that alleges, between June 2012 and November 2012, he aided in the illegal transfer of approximately $865,000 from foreign entities into the Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign as purportedly legitimate contributions, stolen from the Malaysian sovereign wealth fund 1MDB.", "Q15522104": "Mary Joan Jay DeFeo (March 31, 1929 \u2013 November 11, 1989) was a visual artist associated with the Beat generation who worked c.1950 to 1989 in the San Francisco Bay Area.", "Q56230": "Rainer Baumann (born January 21, 1930) is a German former footballer.", "Q105686": "Wolfgang Kohlhaase (born 13 March 1931) is a German film director and was one of GDR's most well-known and prolific film screenwriters. He was awarded the Honorary Golden Bear at the 2010 Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q386245": "Lord of the Flies is a 1963 British drama film based on William Golding's novel of the same name about 30 schoolboys who are marooned on an island where the behaviour of the majority degenerates into savagery. It was written and directed by Peter Brook and produced by Lewis M. Allen. The film was in production for much of 1961, though the film did not premiere until 1963, and was not released in the United Kingdom until 1964. Golding himself supported the film. When Kenneth Tynan was a script editor for Ealing Studios he commissioned a script of Lord of the Flies from Nigel Kneale, but Ealing Studios closed in 1959 before it could be produced.\nThe novel was adapted into a movie for a second time in 1990; the 1963 film is generally considered more faithful to the novel than the 1990 adaptation.", "Q92514": "J\u00fcrgen Ohlsen (15 March 1917 \u2013 23 September 1994) was a German actor \nbest remembered for portraying \"Heini \"Quex\" V\u00f6lker\" in the 1933 Nazi propaganda\nfilm Hitlerjunge Quex (Our Flag Leads Us Forward).", "Q28936": "Cloud Atlas is a 2012 epic science fiction film written and directed by the Wachowskis and Tom Tykwer. Adapted from the 2004 novel of the same name by David Mitchell, the film has multiple plots occurring during six different eras in time; Mitchell described it as \"a sort of pointillist mosaic.\" The film's synopsis describes it as \"an epic... in which... our lives... impact one another in the past, present and future, as one soul is shaped from a killer into a savior, and a single act of kindness ripples out for centuries to inspire a revolution...\" Tom Hanks, Halle Berry, and Jim Broadbent star as part of an ensemble cast.\nThe film was produced by Grant Hill and Stefan Arndt, in addition to the Wachowskis and Tykwer. During its four years of development, the project met with some difficulties in securing financial support. However, the film was eventually produced with a US$128.5 million net budget provided by independent sources, making it one of the most expensive independent films ever produced. Production for Cloud Atlas began in September 2011 at Babelsberg Studio in Potsdam-Babelsberg, Germany.\nCloud Atlas premiered on 8 September 2012 at the 37th Toronto International Film Festival, and was publicly released on 26 October 2012 in conventional and IMAX cinemas. Film critics were polarized, causing it to be included on various \"Best Film\" and \"Worst Film\" lists. It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score for Tykwer (who co-scored the film), Johnny Klimek, and Reinhold Heil. It received several nominations at the Saturn Awards (which focus on science fiction, fantasy, and horror), including Best Science Fiction Film, which went to The Avengers, and won in the Best Editing and Best Make-up categories.", "Q70585": "Carl Legien (1 December 1861 \u2013 26 December 1920) was a German unionist, moderate Social Democratic politician and first President of the International Federation of Trade Unions.", "Q2865059": "Arthur Constantin Krebs (16 November 1850 in Vesoul, France \u2013 22 March 1935 in Quimperl\u00e9, France) was a French officer and pioneer in automotive engineering.", "Q518352": "M\u00f3nica Mar\u00eda Encinas Bardem (born May 4, 1964) is a Spanish film actress, daughter of actress Pilar Bardem and sister of actors Carlos and Javier Bardem. Some of her films are Kika (1993), M\u00e1s que amor, frenes\u00ed (1996) and Boca a boca (1995). She also manages the family restaurants La Bardemcilla and La Bardemcilla de Santa Ana in Madrid.", "Q175375": "Vicente Sancho y Cobertores (1784 in Petr\u00e9s, Spain \u2013 1860 in Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish politician and militant who served as Prime Minister of Spain and Minister of State in 1840 during the reign of Queen Isabella II.", "Q18": "South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It may also be considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is how it is viewed in most of Europe and the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking regions of the Americas. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It includes twelve sovereign states: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, and French Guiana (a part of France). In addition, the ABC islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Falkland Islands, (a British Overseas Territory), Trinidad and Tobago, and Panama may also be considered part of South America. \nSouth America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890,000 sq mi). Its population as of 2018 has been estimated at more than 423 million. South America ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America). Brazil is by far the most populous South American country, with more than half of the continent's population, followed by Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela and Peru. In recent decades Brazil has also concentrated half of the region's GDP and has become a first regional power.Most of the population lives near the continent's western or eastern coasts while the interior and the far south are sparsely populated. The geography of western South America is dominated by the Andes mountains; in contrast, the eastern part contains both highland regions and vast lowlands where rivers such as the Amazon, Orinoco, and Paran\u00e1 flow. Most of the continent lies in the tropics.\nThe continent's cultural and ethnic outlook has its origin with the interaction of indigenous peoples with European conquerors and immigrants and, more locally, with African slaves. Given a long history of colonialism, the overwhelming majority of South Americans speak Portuguese or Spanish, and societies and states reflect Western traditions.\n\n", "Q260918": "Tammi Terrell (born Thomasina Winifred Montgomery; April 29, 1945 \u2013 March 16, 1970) was an American recording artist, widely known as a star singer for Motown Records during the 1960s, notably for a series of duets with singer Marvin Gaye. \nTerrell's career began as a teenager, first recording for Scepter/Wand Records, before spending nearly two years as a member of James Brown's Revue, recording for Brown's Try Me label. After a period attending college, Terrell recorded briefly for Checker Records, before signing with Motown in 1965. With Gaye, Terrell scored seven Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100, including \"Ain't No Mountain High Enough\" which was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999, \"Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing\" and \"You're All I Need to Get By\". Terrell's career was interrupted when she collapsed into Gaye's arms as the two performed at a concert at Hampden\u2013Sydney College on October 14, 1967, with Terrell later being diagnosed with a brain tumor. She had eight unsuccessful surgeries before succumbing to the illness on March 16, 1970 at the age of 24.\n\n", "Q3327791": "Rodolfo Mart\u00edn Villa (born 3 October 1934) is a Spanish engineer and politician, who served in various capacities in cabinets of the Spanish transition to democracy, including interior minister and first deputy prime minister.", "Q1450891": "Xavier Niel (born 25 August 1967) is a French billionaire businessman, active in the telecommunications and technology industry and best known as founder and majority shareholder of the French Internet service provider and Mobile operator Iliad trading under the Free brand (France's second-largest ISP, and third mobile operator). He is also co-owner of the newspaper Le Monde, and co-owner of the rights of the song \"My Way\" and owner of Monaco Telecom. He is deputy chairman and chief strategy officer for Iliad.As of April 2018, his net worth is estimated at US$6.1 billion.\n\n", "Q1949791": "will.i.am music group is a vanity label founded by music artist will.i.am of The Black Eyed Peas. Other than will.i.am, there are popular artists such as Fergie, Macy Gray, Cheryl and S\u00e9rgio Mendes signed to the label. Singers Fergie, Cheryl and Macy are the label's most successful artists.", "Q355009": "Clyde Jackson Browne (born October 9, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and musician who has sold over 18 million albums in the United States. Coming to prominence in the 1970s, Browne has written and recorded songs such as \"These Days\", \"The Pretender\", \"Running on Empty\", \"Lawyers in Love\", \"Doctor My Eyes\", \"Take It Easy\", \"For a Rocker\", and \"Somebody's Baby\". In 2004, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio, and given an honorary doctorate of music by Occidental College in Los Angeles, California. In 2015, Rolling Stone ranked him as 37th in its list of the \"100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\".", "Q3774880": "Jos\u00e9 Tamayo (1920\u20132003) was a Spanish theatre director and producer, best known for his dramatic and zarzuela plays, epitomized by Antolog\u00eda de la Zarzuela (Zarzuela anthology).", "Q208468": "Taslima Nasrin (also Taslima Nasreen, born 25 August 1962) is a Bangladeshi-Swedish writer, physician, feminist, secular humanist and human rights activist. She is known for her writing on women's oppression and criticism of religion, despite forced exile and multiple fatwas calling for her death. Nasrin's works have been translated into 30 different languages. Some of her books are banned in Bangladesh. She has been blacklisted and banished from the Bengal region (both from Bangladesh and the West Bengal part of India).\nNasrin was born to Dr. Rajab Ali and Edul Ara in Mymensingh. Her father was a physician, and a professor of Medical Jurisprudence in Mymensingh Medical College, also at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka and Dhaka Medical College. Nasrin studied medicine and became a physician. She gained global attention by the beginning of 1990s owing to her essays and novels with feminist views and criticism of what she characterizes as all \"misogynistic\" religions including Islam.Nasrin has been living in exile since 1994. After living more than a decade in Europe and the United States, she moved to India in 2004, but was banished from the country in 2008, although she has been staying in Kolkata, India on a resident permit long-term, multiple-entry or 'X' visa since 2004.Nasrin advocates freedom of thought and human rights by publishing, lecturing, and campaigning. She is an honorary associate of the National Secular Society.\nShe has been unable to return either to her home in Bangladesh or to her adopted home of West Bengal, India.", "Q3383999": "Pierre Bilger (May 27, 1940 \u2013 March 4, 2011) was a French high-ranking civil servant and businessman. He was a tax inspector and advisor to several ministers. He served as the chief executive officer of Alstom from 1991 to 2003.", "Q352766": "Steven John Wilson (born 3 November 1967) is an English musician, singer, songwriter and record producer, most closely associated with the progressive rock genre. Currently a solo artist, he became known as the founder, lead guitarist, lead vocalist and songwriter of the band Porcupine Tree, as well as being a member of several other bands.\nWilson is a self-taught composer, producer, audio engineer, guitar and keyboard player, and plays other instruments as needed, including bass guitar, autoharp, hammered dulcimer and flute. Despite being mainly associated with progressive rock, his influences and work have encompassed a diverse range of genres including psychedelia, pop, extreme metal, electronic and jazz, among others, shifting his musical direction through his albums. His concerts incorporate quadraphonic sound and elaborate visuals. He has also worked with artists such as Opeth, King Crimson, Pendulum, Jethro Tull, Andy Partridge, Yes, Fish, Marillion, Tears for Fears, Roxy Music and Anathema.\nIn a career spanning more than 30 years, Wilson has made music prolifically and earned critical acclaim. His honours include four nominations for Grammy Awards, twice with Porcupine Tree, with his collaborative band Storm Corrosion and as a soloist on one occasion. In 2015, he received three awards at the Progressive Music Awards in London for his services to the genre, where he was crowned \"the king of prog rock\". Nevertheless, his work has largely stayed away from mainstream music, and he has been described by publications such as The Daily Telegraph as \"the most successful British artist you've never heard of\".Wilson will release his highly anticipated sixth solo album The Future Bites on 12th June 2020. The first single to be taken from the album, \"Personal Shopper\" was released on 12th March 2020.", "Q92500": "Otto Roquette (April 19, 1824 \u2013 March 18, 1896) was a German author.", "Q89646": "Margret D\u00fcnser (27 July 1926 \u2013 5 June 1980) was an Austrian journalist known for her work on those living the High Society lifestyle and who wrote the book High Life.", "Q318109": "Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik (\"Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics\"), often referred to by the acronym GAMM, is a German society for the promotion of science, founded in 1922 by the physicist Ludwig Prandtl and the mathematician Richard von Mises. The society awards the Richard von Mises prize annually. \nIn 1958 the GAMM and the ACM together worked out the \"ALGOL 58 Report\" at a meeting in Zurich.", "Q116188": "Nathalia Timberg (born August 5, 1929) is a Brazilian actress. She is celebrated as one of the best and most well known Brazilian actresses of cinema, theater and television.", "Q669275": "Rhodri Molwynog (\"Rhodri the Bald and Grey\"; died c.\u2009754), also known as Rhodri ap Idwal (\"Rhodri son of Idwal\") was an 8th-century king of Gwynedd. He was listed as a King of the Britons by the Annals of Wales.\nThis era in the history of Gwynedd is very obscure and, given the lack of reliable information available, several serious histories of medieval Wales\u2014including John Davies's\u2014do not mention Rhodri at all, while others\u2014including John Lloyd's\u2014mention him only in passing, quoting the undated entry of the Annals of Wales recording his death. Phillimore's reconstruction places the entry in the year 754. The Annals do not mention the death of an earlier king within a reasonable time frame, so the date that he became king is not known, nor is the name of his predecessor.\nRhodri's name also appears in genealogies such as those in Jesus College MS. 20 (where he is described as the son of Idwal Iwrch son of Cadwaladr Fendigiad) and the Harleian genealogies (where he is described as the son of Tutgual son of Cadwaladr). It remains, however, unclear to what extent the genealogies at that point were recording the lineage of the Cuneddion dynasty regardless of their rule or recording the rulers regardless of their connection to the main branch of the dynasty.\nThe Annals of Wales mention a war in Cornwall around 722 without giving the names of the individuals involved. The Brut y Saeson says that in 721 there was \"an extensive war between Rhodri Molwynawg and the Saxons in Cornwall\". The Brut Aberpergwm also recorded this event but, while it was accepted for a time by the editors of the Myvyrian Archaiology, Thomas Stephens has since shown that it was one of Iolo Morganwg's many forgeries.The Rotri appearing in the Annals has sometimes been misidentified as a ruler of Alt Clut (modern Dumbarton Rock), the Brythonic kingdom later known as Strathclyde.He was succeeded by his son, Cynan Dindaethwy.", "Q1740384": "Wardell Gray (February 13, 1921 \u2013 May 25, 1955) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist who straddled the swing and bebop periods.", "Q193196": "University College London, officially known as UCL since 2005, is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom. It is a member institution of the federal University of London, and is the third largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment, and the largest by postgraduate enrolment.\nEstablished in 1826 as London University by founders inspired by the radical ideas of Jeremy Bentham, UCL was the first university institution to be established in London, and the first in England to be entirely secular and to admit students regardless of their religion. UCL also makes the contested claims of being the third-oldest university in England and the first to admit women. In 1836 UCL became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London, which was granted a royal charter in the same year. It has grown through mergers, including with the Institute of Neurology (in 1997), the Royal Free Hospital Medical School (in 1998), the Eastman Dental Institute (in 1999), the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (in 1999), the School of Pharmacy (in 2012) and the Institute of Education (in 2014).\nUCL has its main campus in the Bloomsbury area of central London, with a number of institutes and teaching hospitals elsewhere in central London and satellite campuses in Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in Stratford, east London and in Doha, Qatar. UCL is organised into 11 constituent faculties, within which there are over 100 departments, institutes and research centres. UCL operates several museums and collections in a wide range of fields, including the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology and the Grant Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, and administers the annual Orwell Prize in political writing. In 2017/18, UCL had around 41,500 students and 15,100 staff (including around 7,100 academic staff and 840 professors) and had a total group income of \u00a31.45 billion, of which \u00a3476.3 million was from research grants and contracts.In the most recent Research Excellence Framework rankings for research power, UCL was the top-rated university in the UK as calculated by Times Higher Education, and second as calculated by The Guardian/Research Fortnight. UCL had the 9th highest average entry tariff in the UK for students starting in 2017. UCL is ranked from eighth to eighteenth in the four major international rankings, and from eighth to twenty-second in the national league tables. UCL is a member of numerous academic organisations, including the Russell Group and the League of European Research Universities, and is part of UCL Partners, the world's largest academic health science centre, and the \"golden triangle\" of research-intensive English universities.UCL alumni include the respective \"Fathers of the Nation\" of India, Kenya and Mauritius, the founders of Ghana, modern Japan and Nigeria, the inventor of the telephone, and one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA. UCL academics discovered five of the naturally occurring noble gases, discovered hormones, invented the vacuum tube, and made several foundational advances in modern statistics. As of 2019, 33 Nobel Prize winners and 3 Fields medalists have been affiliated with UCL as alumni, faculty or researchers.", "Q349420": "John David Jackson (born November 18, 1977), known professionally as Fabolous, is an American rapper from Brooklyn, New York City. Jackson's career began when he was a senior in high school and ended up rapping live on American record producer and music executive DJ Clue's radio show, then on Hot 97. Jackson was subsequently signed by DJ Clue to his label Desert Storm, and later secured a distribution deal with Elektra Records. Fabolous' first release, Ghetto Fabolous (2001), spawned the hit singles \"Can't Deny It\" and \"Young'n (Holla Back)\", which led Jackson to prominence. His second release was 2003's Street Dreams, which was supported by two Top 10 singles \"Can't Let You Go\" and \"Into You\".\nIncluding the aforementioned songs, Jackson has released a string of hit singles, such as \"Trade It All, Pt. 2\", \"Breathe\", \"Make Me Better\", \"Baby Don't Go\", \"Throw It in the Bag\" and \"You Be Killin' Em\". He is also known for appearing on several R&B singles, including \"Superwoman Pt. II\" by Lil' Mo, \"Dip It Low\" by Christina Milian, \"Shawty Is a 10\" by The-Dream, \"Addiction\" by Ryan Leslie, \"I Can't Hear the Music\" by Brutha, \"She Got Her Own\" by Jamie Foxx, \"Say Aah\" by Trey Songz, and much more.\nIn 2004, Jackson signed to Atlantic Records, after leaving Elektra, where he released Real Talk, his first and only album under Atlantic. In 2006, Jackson was let out of his contract with Atlantic and officially signed with Def Jam Recordings. Also in 2006, Jackson founded his own record label, Street Family Records. In 2007, he released From Nothin' to Somethin', under Def Jam. In 2009, he would go on to release his fifth album, Loso's Way. Throughout the years Jackson has released several mixtapes, including several installments of his highly acclaimed There Is No Competition series and The S.O.U.L. Tape series, respectively. He released his sixth album, The Young OG Project, in 2014.", "Q553623": "Louis Abel Beffroy de Reigny (pronounced [lwi ab\u025bl b\u025bf\u0281wa d\u0259 \u0281\u025b\u0272i]) (November 6, 1757 \u2013 December 17, 1811), was a French dramatist and man of letters.", "Q232938": "Carry On Nurse is a 1959 British comedy film, the second in the series of 31 Carry On films (1958\u20131992). Of the regular team, it featured Joan Sims (in her Carry On film debut), Kenneth Williams, Kenneth Connor and Charles Hawtrey, with Hattie Jacques and Leslie Phillips. The film was written by Norman Hudis based on the play Ring for Catty by Patrick Cargill and Jack Beale. It was the top-grossing film of 1959 in the UK and, with an audience of 10.4 million, had the highest cinema viewing of any of the \"Carry On\" films. Perhaps surprisingly, it was also highly successful in the US, where it was reported that it played at some cinemas for three years.", "Q367905": "Irene Tedrow (August 3, 1907 \u2013 March 10, 1995) was an American character actress in stage, film, television and radio.\nAmong her most notable roles are Janet Archer in the radio series Meet Corliss Archer, Mrs. Lucy Elkins on the TV sitcom Dennis the Menace and Mrs. Webb in the stage production Our Town at the Plumstead Playhouse.", "Q781911": "Sayyed Ja'far Pishevari (Persian: \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200e; 1893\u20131947) was a communist politician who most-notably founded and led the Azerbaijani Democratic Party, the founding and ruling party of the Azerbaijan People's Government.", "Q1687803": "Gerald Lester \"Jerry\" Byrd (March 9, 1920 \u2013 April 11, 2005), was an American musician who played the lap steel guitar in country and Hawaiian music, as well as a singer-songwriter and the head of a music publishing firm. He appeared on numerous radio programs.", "Q1720470": "Leonard Joseph Cariou (born September 30, 1939) is a Canadian actor and stage director, best known for his portrayal of Sweeney Todd in the original cast of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, for which he won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical, and for playing the patriarch Henry Reagan, NYPD Police Commissioner (retired), in the multi-generational television series Blue Bloods on CBS.", "Q949580": "Gavriel Lipkind (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc \u05dc\u05d9\u05e4\u05e7\u05d9\u05e0\u05d3\u200e; born 1977) is an Israeli classical cellist based in Germany. Lipkind made his radio debut performance aged eight, left Israel at an age of about 18, and received degrees from three music colleges. He won awards in music competitions and performed with orchestras until 2002, when he took time off from touring for three years to study music and revise his repertoire. Lipkind released two albums in 2006 and tours solo and with the Lipkind-Quartet.", "Q44620": "Franz Josef Strauss (German: Strau\u00df [f\u0281ants j\u0254z\u025bf \u0283t\u0281a\u028as]; 6 September 1915 \u2013 3 October 1988) was a German politician. He was the long-time chairman of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) from 1961 until 1988, member of the federal cabinet in different positions between 1953 and 1969 and minister-president of the state of Bavaria from 1978 until 1988. Strauss is also credited as a co-founder of European aerospace conglomerate Airbus.\nAfter the 1969 federal elections, West Germany's CDU/CSU alliance found itself out of power for the first time since the founding of the Federal Republic. At this time, Strauss became more identified with the regional politics of Bavaria. While he ran for the chancellorship as the candidate of the CDU/CSU in 1980, for the rest of his life Strauss never again held federal office. From 1978 until his death in 1988, he was the head of the Bavarian government. His last two decades were marked by a fierce rivalry with CDU chairman Helmut Kohl.", "Q297348": "Marshall Scot Allman (born April 5, 1984) is an American actor. He is known to television audiences for his role as L. J. Burrows on Fox's successful television series, Prison Break. He is also known for playing Tommy Mickens on True Blood.", "Q477959": "Shaun the Sheep is a British stop-motion animated television series spin-off of the Wallace and Gromit franchise. The series stars Shaun \u2014 a sheep previously featured in the 1995 short film A Close Shave and in the Shopper 13 short film from the 2002 Wallace and Gromit's Cracking Contraptions series \u2014 and his madcap adventures around a small farm as the leader of his flock.\nThe series was first aired in the UK on the CBBC block on BBC One on 5 March 2007. It has been broadcast in 180 countries globally. The series consists of 150 seven-minute episodes. The fifth series contains 20 episodes and was aired in the Netherlands from 1 December 2015 until 1 January 2016 and in Australia on ABC Kids from 16 January 2016 until 1 May 2016.\nThe series inspired its own spin-off, Timmy Time, which follows the adventures of Shaun's small cousin and is aimed at younger viewers. A feature-length film, titled Shaun the Sheep Movie, was released theatrically in 2015. A 30-minute film, titled Shaun the Sheep: The Farmer's Llamas, was aired as a 2015 Christmas TV special. The second feature-length film, titled A Shaun the Sheep Movie: Farmageddon, was released theatrically on 18 October 2019.\nThe series recently has migrated to Netflix for a sixth series, under the subtitle Adventures from Mossy Bottom.", "Q732503": "Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30bd\u30cb\u30fc\u30fb\u30df\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30c3\u30af\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30c6\u30a4\u30f3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8, Kabushiki gaisha Son\u012b My\u016bjikku Entateinmento), often abbreviated as SMEJ or simply SME, and also known as Sony Music Japan for short (stylized as SonyMusic), is Sony's music arm in Japan. SMEJ is directly owned by Sony Corporation and is operating independently from the United States-based Sony Music Entertainment due to its strength in the Japanese music industry.\nIts subsidiaries include the Japanese animation production enterprise, Aniplex, which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Music Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.", "Q1689190": "James Michael Peterik ( PEE-t\u0259-rik; born November 11, 1950) is an American musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known as the founder of the band Survivor, as vocalist and songwriter of \"Vehicle\" by the Ides of March, and as co-writer of the anthem \"Eye of the Tiger\", the theme from the motion picture Rocky III.\nPeterik has co-written songs for 38 Special (\"Rockin' into the Night\", \"Hold On Loosely\"), Lynyrd Skynyrd, Blackhawk, Cheap Trick, Sammy Hagar (\"Heavy Metal\"), Cathy Richardson, Van Zant, Brian Wilson, REO Speedwagon, and The Beach Boys. He is currently fronting the melodic rock band Pride of Lions, smooth-jazz project Jim Peterik's Lifeforce, and has a regular series of yearly concert performances with an all-star cast as World Stage. He is also active as a producer and mentor to young, developing talent.", "Q64296": "Sch\u00f6nengrund is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q4834198": "Barnabas S. Potter (February 3, 1836 \u2013 September 23, 1908) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.", "Q215439": "Theodor Hell (\"Theodore Bright\") was the pseudonym of Karl Gottfried Theodor Winkler (9 February 1775, Waldenburg, Saxony \u2013 24 September 1856, Dresden), a court councillor (Hofrath) in Dresden from 1824, who was the centre of literary life through his work as editor, translator and critic. He was the theatrical secretary from 1815.\nHe is mostly remembered for his friendships with the composers Carl Maria von Weber and Giacomo Meyerbeer (and brief contact with Franz Schubert and Richard Wagner) \u2014 for example, he wrote the words to Schubert's \"Das Heimweh\" (D456) and the libretto for Weber's opera Die Drei Pintos. He was the editor for many years of the literary magazine Penelope, and of the Dresdner Abendzeitung (from 1817 to 1843) in association with Friedrich Kind. Dresden appointed him honorary citizen in 1851.", "Q835891": "Funk rock is a fusion genre that mixes elements of funk and rock. James Brown and others declared that Little Richard and his mid-1950s road band, The Upsetters, were the first to put the funk in the rock and roll beat, with a biographer stating that their music \"spark[ed] the musical transition from fifties rock and roll to sixties funk.\"Funk rock's earliest incarnation on record was heard in the late 1960s through the mid-1970s by acts such as the Jimi Hendrix Experience (later work / Band of Gypsys), Eric Burdon and War, Redbone, Rick Derringer, David Bowie, Aerosmith, Wild Cherry, Average White Band, Gary Wright, Trapeze, The Bar-Kays, Black Merda, Parliament-Funkadelic, Betty Davis and Mother's Finest. During the 1980s and 1990s funk rock music experienced a surge in popularity, with bands such as Tom Tom Club, Pigbag, INXS, Talking Heads, Devo, the Fine Young Cannibals and Cameo dabbling in the sound. Groups including Red Hot Chili Peppers, Rage Against the Machine, Incubus, Mr. Bungle, Primus and Faith No More also notably combined funk rock with metal, punk, hip hop and experimental music, leading to the emergence of the genre known as funk metal or \"punk-funk.\"", "Q1246516": "Feminist art is a category of art associated with the late 1960s and 1970s feminist movement. Feminist art highlights the societal and political differences women experience within their lives. The hopeful gain from this form of art is to bring a positive and understanding change to the world, in hope to lead to equality or liberation. Media used range from traditional art forms such as painting to more unorthodox methods such as performance art, conceptual art, body art, craftivism, video, film, and fiber art. Feminist art has served as an innovative driving force towards expanding the definition of art through the incorporation of new media and a new perspective.", "Q1133657": "Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. With roots in blues rock, psychedelic rock, and acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. The genre's lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.In 1968, three of the genre's most famous pioneers, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded. Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics. Following the blueprint laid down by Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath, several American bands modified heavy metal into more accessible forms during the 1970s: the raw, sleazy sound and outrageous stage shows of Alice Cooper and Kiss; the blues-rooted rock of Aerosmith; and the flashy guitar leads and wild party rock of Van Halen. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Mot\u00f6rhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Def Leppard followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\".\nDuring the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as Bon Jovi and M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce. Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of heavy metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop.", "Q252772": "Eichst\u00e4tt (German pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u026a\u00e7\u0283t\u025bt], formerly also Eichst\u00e4dt or Aichst\u00e4dt) is a town in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the district of Eichst\u00e4tt. It is located on the Altm\u00fchl river and has a population of around 13,000. Eichst\u00e4tt is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Eichst\u00e4tt.", "Q214727": "Ferdinand Hart (28 October 1893 in P\u00edsek \u2013 12 January 1937 in Prague) was a Czech film actor.", "Q160778": "Kai Michael Hansen (born January 17, 1963) is a heavy metal guitarist and vocalist.\nHansen is the founder, lead guitarist, and vocalist of power metal band Gamma Ray. He is also the co-founder and member of German metal band Helloween. He is a prominent figure in power metal and has sold millions of albums worldwide. He is regarded as \"the godfather of power metal\", having founded three seminal bands in the genre. In 2011, he joined the band Unisonic featuring former Helloween vocalist Michael Kiske. Hansen and Kiske reunited with Helloween in 2017 for a world tour with all current members, celebrating the 30-year anniversary of release of the albums Keeper of the Seven Keys Parts I and II.", "Q96000": "Otto Ambros (19 May 1901 \u2013 23 July 1990) was a German chemist and Nazi war criminal. He is known for his wartime work on synthetic rubber (polybutadiene, or \"Buna rubber\") and nerve agents (sarin and tabun). After the end of the war, he was tried at Nuremberg and convicted of crimes against humanity for his use of slave labor from the Auschwitz III\u2013Monowitz concentration camp.", "Q2665468": "Dwight Whitney Morrow (January 11, 1873 \u2013 October 5, 1931) was an American businessman, diplomat, and politician of Scots-Irish descent, best known as the U.S. ambassador who improved U.S.-Mexican relations, mediating the religious conflict in Mexico known as the Cristero rebellion (1926\u201329), but also contributing to an easing of conflict between the two countries over oil. The Morrow Mission to Mexico was an \"important step in the 'retreat from imperialism'\". He was the father of Anne Morrow and father-in-law of Charles A. Lindbergh.\n\n", "Q101392": "Ernst Dumcke (13 November 1887 \u2013 21 June 1940) was a German film actor.", "Q235931": "Teena Marie (born Mary Christine Brockert; March 5, 1956 \u2013 December 26, 2010) was an American singer-songwriter and producer. She was known by her childhood nickname Tina before taking the stage name Teena Marie and later acquired the nickname Lady Tee (sometimes spelled Lady T), given to her by her collaborator and friend, Rick James.\nShe was known for her distinctive soprano vocals, which caused many listeners to believe she was black. Her success in R&B and soul music, and loyalty to these genres would earn her the title Ivory Queen of Soul. She played rhythm guitar, keyboards, and congas, and wrote, produced, sang, and arranged virtually all of her songs since her 1980 release, Irons in the Fire, which she later said was her favorite album. Marie was a three-time Grammy Award nominee.", "Q467592": "Countess Anna of Nassau (5 November 1563 \u2013 13 June 1588) was a daughter of William the Silent and his second wife, Anna of Saxony. She was the wife of William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg.", "Q352000": "Adam's Apples (Danish: Adams \u00c6bler) is a 2005 Danish black comedy-drama film directed and written by Anders Thomas Jensen. The film revolves around the theme of the Book of Job. The main roles are played by Ulrich Thomsen and Mads Mikkelsen.", "Q76692": "Christian Augustus Siebe (known by his middle name; 1788 \u2013 15 April 1872) was a German-born British engineer chiefly known for his contributions to diving equipment.\nFor his life history see Siebe Gorman.", "Q67947": "Wahlen is a municipality in the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q987": "New Delhi ( (listen), Hindi: [\u02c8n\u0259i \u02c8d\u026al\u02d0i] Na\u012b Dill\u012b) is an urban district located in the city of Delhi. New Delhi serves as the capital of India and the seat of all three branches of the Government of India.\nThe foundation stone of New Delhi was laid by Emperor George V during the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was designed by British architects Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin.\nAlthough colloquially Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), these are two distinct entities, with New Delhi forming a small part of the city of Delhi. The National Capital Region is a much larger entity comprising the entire NCT along with adjoining districts in neighbouring states.", "Q82075": "Simon Mario Reuel Tolkien (born 12 January 1959) is a British novelist and former barrister. He is the grandson of J. R. R. Tolkien, and the oldest child of Christopher Tolkien.", "Q4337": "Rodger Bumpass (born November 20, 1951) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for his long-running role as Squidward Tentacles on the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. He voices several other characters on the show as well, including the Purple Doctor Fish and various anchovies.\nHe also voiced The Chief in the animated series Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego?, and Mr. Besser, the school principal in the animated series The Kids from Room 402. Bumpass has many other credits in animated films, animated television series, and video games.", "Q380146": "Graun im Vinschgau (German pronunciation: [gra\u028a\u032fn im \u02c8f\u026an\u0283ga\u028a\u032f]; Italian: Curon Venosta [ku\u02c8ro\u0271 ve\u02c8n\u0254sta]; Romansh: La Carun) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Bolzano, on the border with Austria and Switzerland.", "Q11609": "Shafrira \"Shafi\" Goldwasser (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d3\u05d5\u05d5\u05e1\u05e8\u200e) is an American-Israeli computer scientist and winner of the Turing Award in 2012. She is the RSA Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT, a professor of mathematical sciences at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, co-founder and chief scientist of Duality Technologies and the director of the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing in Berkeley, CA.\n\n", "Q294641": "Martin James Landau (; June 20, 1928 \u2013 July 15, 2017) was an American actor, acting coach, producer, and editorial cartoonist. His career began in the 1950s, with early film appearances including a supporting role in Alfred Hitchcock's North by Northwest (1959). He played regular roles in the television series Mission: Impossible (for which he received several Emmy Award nominations and a Golden Globe Award) and Space: 1999.\nLandau received the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture, as well as his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, for his role in Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1988); he received his second Oscar nomination for his appearance in Crimes and Misdemeanors (1989). His performance in the supporting role of Bela Lugosi in Ed Wood (1994) earned him an Academy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award and a Golden Globe Award. He continued to perform in film and television, and headed the Hollywood branch of the Actors Studio until his death in July 2017.", "Q718507": "Douglas Moench (; born February 23, 1948) is an American comic book writer notable for his Batman work and as the creator of Moon Knight, Deathlok, Black Mask, Electric Warrior and Six From Sirius. He is also known for his critically acclaimed eight year run on Master of Kung Fu.", "Q1063855": "Charles Burns (born September 27, 1955) is an American cartoonist and illustrator.\nHis early work was published in a Sub Pop fanzine, and he achieved prominence in the early issues of RAW.\nHis graphic novel Black Hole won the Harvey Award.\n\n", "Q237061": "Getter Jaani (born 3 February 1993) is an Estonian singer and actress. She represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 with the song \"Rockefeller Street\".\n\n", "Q508960": "Antonina Jadwiga \"Nina\" Siemaszko (born July 14, 1970) is an American film and television actress.\n\n", "Q28117": "Theodor Siebs (German pronunciation: [\u02c8te\u02d0odo\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u02c8zi\u02d0ps]; 26 August 1862 \u2013 28 May 1941) was a German linguist most remembered today as the author of Deutsche B\u00fchnenaussprache (\"German stage pronunciation\"), published in 1898. The work was largely responsible for setting the standard pronunciation of the modern German language and is referred to popularly by German speakers as der Siebs (\"the Siebs\").\nSiebs was born in Bremen, Germany on 26 August 1862. Siebs studied linguistics and classical philology in T\u00fcbingen and later was a professor both at the University of Greifswald and the University of Breslau. His writings on language and languages are varied, but there is an emphasis on the history and state of Frisian languages. His Deutsche B\u00fchnenaussprache is still relevant, though, for practical purposes it has largely been supplanted by other works that employ the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet), which Siebs' work did not.\nSiebs died on 28 May 1941 in Breslau, Germany.\n\n", "Q729902": "David Lloyd (born 1950) is a British comics artist best known as the illustrator of the story V for Vendetta, written by Alan Moore.\nLloyd was born in Enfield, London.", "Q1232308": "Thomas Michael Pace (born January 13, 1949 in Boise, Idaho) is an American singer-songwriter, who is best known for the song \"Maybe\", which became the theme of The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams.\nThe song started out as a medley titled \"Wear The Sun In Your Heart/Maybe.\" Pace had originally intended the song \"Maybe\" for the film The Snow Tigers, but ultimately it became the theme song of the Sunn Classic Pictures film and TV series, The Life And Times Of Grizzly Adams, both of which were loosely based on a biography written by Charles E. Sellier. The program starred Dan Haggerty as James Capen Adams, whom the film and series both said had fled from false murder charges into the mountains and forest nearby. The made-for-television film The Capture Of Grizzly Adams, which also starred Haggerty and also featured \"Maybe\" as its theme, finally showed Adams successfully clearing his name.\nAnother version, the theme from an album that Pace recorded and released during the 1970s, was released as a single in Europe. \"Maybe\" went to number one in Germany and stayed there for nine weeks. Pace received the \"Goldene Europa\" Award, Germany's version of the Grammy Award for Best Song of 1980. The song also reached #14 in the UK Singles Chart and #23 in the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart.\nHe also wrote and composed, often in collaboration with Maria Hegsted, songs for other films including the NBC \"Movies of the Week\" Vestige Of Honor and Can You Feel Me Dancing, in addition to such feature films as Night Of The Comet and State Park.\nPace remains involved with music, and he now lives in North Idaho.\n\n", "Q782439": "Sampo Terho (Born 20 September 1977) is a Finnish politician who served as Minister for European Affairs, Culture and Sports. He is the chairman of Suomalaisuuden Liitto and was earlier a Member of the European Parliament.\nTerho graduated from the University of Tampere in 2003 with a Master's degree in Finnish History, and has worked as a researcher in the Finnish National Defence University. He has written a book on the history of capital punishment. Terho has also served as a peacekeeper in Bosnia & Herzegovina. Terho received the second largest number of votes on the Finns Party (then known as the True Finns) electoral list in the 2009 European Parliament election. He succeeded Timo Soini in the European Parliament when Soini was elected to Parliament of Finland in the 2011 election. He was re-elected in the 2014 election.\nTerho participated in the 2015 parliamentary election and was elected to the parliament with 10,067 personal votes. His term in the European Parliament ended on 27 April, when Terho officially accepted the seat in the Finnish Parliament. He subsequently became the chairman of the Finns Party's parliamentary group. On 5 May 2017, he started as the Minister for European Affairs, Culture and Sports in Sipil\u00e4 Cabinet.In 2017, Terho ran against Jussi Halla-aho for party chairmanship, but ultimately lost the chairmanship election at the party convention on 10 June. On 13 June, Terho and 19 others left the Finns Party parliamentary group to found the New Alternative parliamentary group which was turned into a new party known as Blue Reform. After the split, the New Alternative group took the Finns Party's place in the cabinet and Terho continued as a Minister.\nIn 2019 parliamentary election, Terho was a candidate of the Blue Reform in Uusimaa constituency, but was not elected.Terho wrote a chamber music piece, of around five minutes long, to celebrate Finland's 100 years of independence, for the Kuopio city orchestra. The piece is arranged by Terho with conductor Heikki Elo, who together have orchestrated the piece.\n\n", "Q980179": "Safi al-Din al-Urmawi al-Baghdadi (Persian: \u0635\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u06cc\u200e) or Safi al-Din Abd al-Mu'min ibn Yusuf ibn al-Fakhir al-Urmawi al-Baghdadi (born c. 1216 AD in Urmia, died in 1294 AD in Baghdad) was a renowned musician and writer on the theory of music, possibly of Persian origin.", "Q1053996": "Central Saint Martins (CSM) is a public tertiary art school in London, England. It is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London. It offers full-time courses at foundation, undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and a variety of short and summer courses.\nIt was formerly known as Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design, and before that as Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design.", "Q261227": "Guy Frederick Ecker (born February 9, 1959) is a Brazilian American actor better known for his work in telenovelas. \nEcker became a household name in Latin America for his portrayal of Sebasti\u00e1n Vallejo in the Colombian telenovela Caf\u00e9, con aroma de mujer. A second Colombian production, Guajira also proved successful. In 1998, he moved to Mexico and won his first leading role in a Mexican telenovela, playing opposite Kate del Castillo in the telenovela La Mentira, which also became a huge success. Leading roles in Salom\u00e9 and Heridas de Amor followed. American viewers may be familiar with him through his work on the television show Las Vegas as Detective Luis Perez.", "Q188429": "Rhonda Lea Vincent (born July 13, 1962) is an American bluegrass singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist.Vincent's musical career began when she was a child in her family's band The Sally Mountain Show, and has spanned more than four decades. Vincent first achieved success in the bluegrass genre in the 1970s and '80s, earning the respect of her mostly male peers for her mastery of the progressive chord structures and multi-range, fast-paced vocals intrinsic to bluegrass music. Vincent is an in-demand guest vocalist for other bluegrass and country music performers, appearing on recordings by Dolly Parton, Alan Jackson, Tanya Tucker, Joe Diffie and other notables.Vincent is a seven-time Grammy nominee, winning the Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Album in 2017. In 2020, she was made a member of the Grand Ole Opry.", "Q68533": "Arthur Korn (May 20, 1870, Breslau, Germany \u2013 December 21/December 22, 1945, Jersey City, New Jersey) was a German physicist, mathematician and inventor. He was involved in the development of the fax machine, specifically the transmission of photographs or telephotography, known as the Bildtelegraph, related to early attempts at developing a practical mechanical television system.", "Q731195": "Leonard Michael Maltin (born December 18, 1950) is an American film critic and film historian, as well as an author of several mainstream books on cinema, focusing on nostalgic, celebratory narratives. \nHe is perhaps best known for his eponymous annual book of movie capsule reviews, Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide, which was published from 1969 to 2014.", "Q67600": "Hermiswil is a former municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 it merged into the municipality of Seeberg.", "Q895560": "The Party Academy Karl Marx (Parteihochschule Karl Marx) was an academy (Hochschule) that was founded in 1946 in the Soviet occupation zone. During the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), it was subordinate to the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party. Teaching ceased on 30 June 1990.", "Q196617": "Maulana Sayyid Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-Hussaini Azad pronunciation (11 November 1888 \u2013 22 February 1958) was an Indian scholar, Islamic theologian, independence activist, and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. Following India's independence, he became the First Minister of Education in the Indian government Minister of Human Resource Development (until 25 September 1958, Ministry of Education) . He is commonly remembered as Maulana Azad; the word Maulana is an honorific meaning 'Our Master' and he had adopted Azad (Free) as his pen name. His contribution to establishing the education foundation in India is recognised by celebrating his birthday as National Education Day across India.As a young man, Azad composed poetry in Urdu, as well as treatises on religion and philosophy. He rose to prominence through his work as a journalist, publishing works critical of the British Raj and espousing the causes of Indian nationalism. Azad became the leader of the Khilafat Movement, during which he came into close contact with the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi. Azad became an enthusiastic supporter of Gandhi's ideas of non-violent civil disobedience, and worked to organise the non-co-operation movement in protest of the 1919 Rowlatt Acts. Azad committed himself to Gandhi's ideals, including promoting Swadeshi (indigenous) products and the cause of Swaraj (Self-rule) for India. In 1923, at an age of 35, he became the youngest person to serve as the President of the Indian National Congress.\nIn October 1920, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was elected as a member of foundation committee to establish Jamia Millia Islamia at Aligarh in U. P. without taking help from British colonial government. He assisted in shifting the campus of the university from Aligarh to New Delhi in 1934. The main gate (Gate No. 7) to the main campus of the university is named after him.\nAzad was one of the main organizers of the Dharasana Satyagraha in 1931, and emerged as one of the most important national leaders of the time, prominently leading the causes of Hindu-Muslim unity as well as espousing secularism and socialism. He served as Congress president from 1940 to 1945, during which the Quit India rebellion was launched. Azad was imprisoned, together with the entire Congress leadership. He also worked for Hindu-Muslim unity through the Al-Hilal newspaper.", "Q78720": "Ignaz Seipel (19 July 1876, in Vienna \u2013 2 August 1932) was an Austrian prelate and politician of the Christian Social Party (CS), who served as Federal Chancellor twice during the 1920s.", "Q807002": "Banu G\u00fcven (born 1969) is a Turkish journalist. She worked at NTV for 14 years (1997\u20132011), presenting programmes such as Gecen Hafta \u2013 Bu Hafta and 24 Saat. She has been a foreign correspondent for Milliyet, and writes for Radikal.\"She resigned after working for NTV for 14 years due to disputes over some of the guests in her TV programme, \u2018Banu Guven\u2019le Arti\u2019. One of her guests, novelist Vedat Turkali, speaking about the Kurdish issue in Turkey made some direct reference to imprisoned PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan, and a programme with Kurdish parliamentarian Leyla Zana was not allowed to be conducted on NTV.\"G\u00fcven was a member of the jury for the 2012 Metin G\u00f6ktepe Journalism Awards.", "Q3091262": "Henry Potez (M\u00e9aulte, 30 September 1891 \u2013 Paris, 9 November 1981) was a French aircraft industrialist.\nHe studied in the French Aeronautics School Supa\u00e9ro. With Marcel Dassault, he was the inventor of the Potez-Bloch propeller which, after 1917, have been set on most of all Allied planes of World War I.\nIn 1919, he founded his own company, Aviations Potez, that, between the wars, built many planes and seaplanes, in factories which were at that time considered the most modern in the world. He bought the Alessandro Anzani company in 1923. Many Potez planes, such as the Potez 25, 39, 54, 62, 63, were an international success, setting world records.\nOver the course of twenty years, 7,000 planes left the production lines. Forty prototypes were designed and more than twenty passed to production - this was remarkable at that time.\nIn 1936, his factories, considered to be strategic, were nationalised by the French Front populaire government.\nAfter the Second World War, the Potez engineering department designed the Magister, a two-seat two engine trainer aircraft, which was a big success. Launched in 1952 and better known as Fouga Magister, this aircraft was used by many Air Forces.", "Q77413": "Charlotte Sophia Juliana von Kalb (25 July 1761 \u2013 12 May 1843) was a German writer who associated with poets Friedrich Schiller, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin and Jean Paul.", "Q113609": "Elisabeth Gehrer (n\u00e9e Pokorny, born 11 May 1942) is an Austrian politician for the Austrian People's Party (\u00d6VP). From May 1995 until January 2007, Gehrer was Federal Minister of Education, Science and Culture, at first in grand coalition governments headed by Franz Vranitzky and Viktor Klima (both SP\u00d6), and from 2000 onwards in Wolfgang Sch\u00fcssel's coalition government. From 1999 to 2007, she also served as vice party chairperson of the Austrian People's Party (\u00d6VP). \nThe daughter of a self-employed businessman and a kindergarten teacher, she was brought up and educated in Innsbruck. She became a primary school teacher in 1961 and continued teaching in small country schools, until 1966.In 1964, she married Fritz Gehrer, moved to Bregenz, Vorarlberg and became a homemaker. The couple has three adult sons, one of whom, Stefan, is a journalist for the ORF.Elisabeth Gehrer started her political career in 1980 as a regional politician in Bregenz. She remained in Vorarlberg in various political positions until her appointment as Federal Minister in 1995. \nGehrer announced her decision to step down in the wake of the Austrian legislative election, 2006, and was succeeded on 11 January 2007 by Claudia Schmied and Johannes Hahn.\nGehrer was a Scout leader, National Commissioner for Rangers of Pfadfinder und Pfadfinderinnen \u00d6sterreichs and teamed Woodbadge trainings (i.e.1976 in Wassergspreng).\n\n", "Q721386": "John Donald Imus Jr. (July 23, 1940 \u2013 December 27, 2019), better known as Don Imus or simply Imus was an American radio personality, television show host, recording artist, and author. His radio show Imus in the Morning aired on various stations and digital platforms nationwide until 2018.\nIn 1968 he began his first radio job, at KUTY, in Palmdale, California. Three years later, he landed the morning broadcast position at WNBC, in New York City. Imus was fired from WNBC in 1977, then rehired, in 1979, remaining at the station until it left the air in 1988, at which time his show moved to WFAN, which took over WNBC's former frequency of 660 kHz. Following Howard Stern's success with national syndication, Imus in the Morning adopted the same model in 1993.\nThroughout his later career, Imus was labeled a \"shock jock\". He was fired by CBS Radio in April 2007 after describing the Rutgers University women's basketball team as \"nappy-headed hoes\".\nIn January 2018, Cumulus Media, in the middle of a bankruptcy process, told Imus they were going to stop paying him, and as a result, Imus ended his show. His final show was on March 29, 2018. He died the following year of complications from lung disease.", "Q25433": "Low German or Low Saxon is a West Germanic language spoken mainly in Northern Germany and the northeastern part of the Netherlands. It is also spoken to a lesser extent in the German diaspora worldwide (e.g. Plautdietsch).\nLow German is most closely related to Frisian and English, with which it forms the North Sea Germanic group of the West Germanic languages. Like Dutch, it is spoken north of the Benrath and Uerdingen isoglosses, while (Standard) German is spoken south of those lines. Like Frisian, English, Dutch and the North Germanic languages, Low German has not undergone the High German consonant shift, as opposed to German, which is based upon High German dialects. Low German evolved from Old Saxon (Old Low German), which is most closely related to Old Frisian and Old English (Anglo-Saxon).\nThe Low German dialects spoken in the Netherlands are mostly referred to as Low Saxon, those spoken in northwestern Germany (Lower Saxony, Westphalia, Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen, and Saxony-Anhalt west of the Elbe) as either Low German or Low Saxon, and those spoken in northeastern Germany (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg, and Saxony-Anhalt east of the Elbe) mostly as Low German. This is because northwestern Germany and the northeastern Netherlands were the area of settlement of the Saxons (Old Saxony), while Low German spread to northeastern Germany through eastward migration of Low German speakers into areas with a Slavic-speaking population (Germania Slavica).\nIt has been estimated that Low German has approximately 2\u20135 million speakers in Germany, primarily Northern Germany, and 1.7 million in the Netherlands. A 2005 study by H. Bloemhof, Taaltelling Nedersaksisch, showed 1.8 million spoke it daily to some extent in the Netherlands.", "Q91828": "Luise Hensel (30 March 1798 to 18 December 1876) was a German teacher and religious poet, who influenced the romantic style of her friend and fellow poet, Clemens Brentano.", "Q636188": "Shahr-e Rey (Persian: \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u06cc\u200e, \"City of Ray\") or simply Ray (Rey; \u0631\u06cc) is the capital of Ray County in Tehran Province, Iran. Formerly a distinct city, it has now been absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran as the 20th district of municipal Tehran, the capital city of the country.\nHistorically known as Rhages (), Rhagae and Arsacia, Ray is the oldest existing city in Tehran Province. In the classical era, it was a prominent city belonging to Media, the political and cultural base of the Medes. Ancient Persian inscriptions and the Avesta (Zoroastrian scriptures), among other sources, attest to the importance of ancient Ray. Ray is mentioned several times in the Apocrypha. It is also shown on the 4th-century Peutinger Map. The city was subject to severe destruction during the medieval invasions by the Arabs, Turks, and Mongols. Its position as a capital city was revived during the reigns of the Buyid Daylamites and the Seljuk Turks. Ray is richer than many other ancient cities in the number of its historical monuments. The Neolithic site of Cheshme-Ali, the reconstructed Median-era Rey Castle, the Parthian-era Rashkan Castle, the Sasanian-era Zoroastrian Fire Temple of Bahram, and the once Zoroastrian and now Islamic Shrine of Bibi Shahrbanu are among the many archaeological sites in Ray.\nRay has been home to many historical figures, including royalty, merchants, scholars and poets. Medieval Persian scholar Rhazes, one of the most important figures in medical science, was from Ray. One of the etymologies proposed for the name of the Radhanites\u2014a group of merchants, some of Jewish origin, who kept open the Eurasian trade routes in the early Middle Ages\u2014links them to Ray.\nRay today has many industries and factories in operation. It is connected via the rapid transit system of Tehran Metro to the rest of Greater Tehran.\n\n", "Q504182": "Spruille Braden ( SPROOL BRAY-d\u0259n; March 13, 1894 \u2013 January 10, 1978) was an American diplomat, businessman, lobbyist, and member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He served as the ambassador to various Latin American countries, and as Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs. He is notable for his interventionist activities and his prominent role in several coups d'\u00e9tat.\n\n", "Q9954": "Purmerend (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02ccp\u028frm\u0259\u02c8r\u025bnt] (listen)) is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. The city is surrounded by polders, such as the Purmer, Beemster and the Wormer. The city became the trade center of the region but the population grew relatively slowly. Only after 1960 did the population start to grow from around 10,000 to around 80,000 by the 2010s. From the 1960s onwards, Purmerend has seen major expansion and continues to do so. This expansion has turned Purmerend into a commuter town; many inhabitants of Purmerend (14,200 in 2011) work, go to school or spend their leisure time in Amsterdam. Purmerend is part of the Randstad, one of the largest conurbations in Europe.", "Q7979": "British English (also known as Traditional English) is the standard dialect of the English language as spoken and written in the United Kingdom. Variations exist in formal, written English in the United Kingdom. For example, the adjective wee is almost exclusively used in parts of Scotland, North East England, Ireland, and occasionally Yorkshire, whereas little is predominant elsewhere. Nevertheless, there is a meaningful degree of uniformity in written English within the United Kingdom, and this could be described by the term British English. The forms of spoken English, however, vary considerably more than in most other areas of the world where English is spoken, so a uniform concept of British English is more difficult to apply to the spoken language. According to Tom McArthur in the Oxford Guide to World English, British English shares \"all the ambiguities and tensions in the word 'British' and as a result can be used and interpreted in two ways, more broadly or more narrowly, within a range of blurring and ambiguity\".Colloquial portmanteau words for British English include: Bringlish (recorded from 1967), Britglish (1973), Britlish (1976), Brenglish (1993) and Brilish (2011).\n\n", "Q65017": "Ober\u00e4geri, until 1798 simply known as \u00c4geri, is a municipality in the canton of Zug in Switzerland.", "Q233207": "Leonora Carrington OBE (6 April 1917 \u2013 25 May 2011) was a British-born Mexican artist, surrealist painter, and novelist. She lived most of her adult life in Mexico City and was one of the last surviving participants in the Surrealist movement of the 1930s. Carrington was also a founding member of the Women's Liberation Movement in Mexico during the 1970s.", "Q1537759": "Loyola University Chicago (Loyola or LUC) is a private Catholic research university in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 1870 by the Jesuits, Loyola is one of the largest Catholic universities in the United States. Loyola's professional schools include programs in medicine, nursing, and health sciences anchored by the Loyola University Medical Center.Comprising eleven colleges and schools, Loyola offers over 80 undergraduate and 140 graduate/professional programs and enrolls approximately 17,000 students. Loyola has six campuses across the Chicago metropolitan area, as well as a campus in Rome and guest programs in Beijing and Ho Chi Minh City. The flagship Lake Shore Campus is on the shores of Lake Michigan in the Rogers Park and Edgewater neighborhoods of Chicago, eight miles north of the Loop.\nLoyola's athletic teams, nicknamed the Ramblers, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Missouri Valley Conference. Loyola won the 1963 NCAA men's basketball championship, and remains the only school from Illinois to do so. The Ramblers are also two-time (2014, 2015) NCAA champions in men's volleyball.Among the more than 150,000 Loyola alumni, there are executives of major Chicago-based corporations such as McDonald's and Baxter International, as well as dozens of local and national political leaders including the current Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives. Loyola alumni have won Emmy, Grammy, Peabody, and Pulitzer awards, as well as Guggenheim and MacArthur fellowships.\n\n", "Q328633": "Robert Olivo (June 16, 1937 \u2013 August 28, 1989), better known by his stage name Ondine, was an American actor. He is best known for appearing in a series of films in the mid-1960s by Andy Warhol, whom he claimed to have met in 1961 at an orgy:I was at an orgy, and he [Warhol] was, ah, this great presence in the back of the room. And this orgy was run by a friend of mine, and, so, I said to this person, 'Would you please mind throwing that thing [Warhol] out of here?' And that thing was thrown out of there, and when he came up to me the next time, he said to me, 'Nobody has ever thrown me out of a party.' He said, 'You know? Don't you know who I am?' And I said, 'Well, I don't give a good flying fuck who you are. You just weren't there. You weren't involved...'\nOndine also appeared in films made by his lover, Roger Jacoby, Dream Sphinx Opera, L'Amico Fried's Glamorous Friends and Kunst Life.In later years, Ondine supported himself by showing Warhol films and delivering a lecture on his days as a Warhol \"superstar\" on the college circuit. He died of liver disease in Queens, New York, in 1989 at the age of 52. He is portrayed in the film I Shot Andy Warhol by Michael Imperioli.\n\n", "Q33251": "Church Slavonic (\u0446\u0440\u044c\u043a\u044a\u0432\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0463\u043d\u044c\u0441\u043a\u044a \u0469\u0437\u044b\u043a\u044a, cr\u012dk\u016dv\u012dnoslov\u011bn\u012dsk\u016d j\u0119zyk\u016d/, literally \"Church-Slavonic language\"), also known as Church Slavic, New Church Slavonic or New Church Slavic, is the conservative Slavic liturgical language used by the Orthodox Church in Bulgaria, Russia, Belarus, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Ukraine, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Slovenia and Croatia. The language appears also in the services of the American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese and occasionally in the services of the Orthodox Church in America.\nChurch Slavonic was also used by the Orthodox Churches in Romanian lands until the late 17th and early 18th centuries as well as by Roman Catholic Croats in the Early Middle Ages. It is also co-used by Greek Catholic Churches in Slavic countries, for example the Croatian, Slovak and Ruthenian Greek Catholics, as well as by the Roman Catholic Church (Croatian and Czech recensions).\nIn addition, Church Slavonic is used by some churches which consider themselves Orthodox but are not in communion with the Orthodox Church, such as the Macedonian Orthodox Church, the Montenegrin Orthodox Church, the Russian True Orthodox Church, and others. The Russian Old Believers and the Co-Believers also use Church Slavonic.", "Q361555": "Gilberto Santa Rosa, also known as \"El Caballero de la Salsa\" (The Gentleman of Salsa) (born August 21, 1962), is a Puerto Rican bandleader and singer of salsa and bolero. He is a six time Grammy Award Winner and has sold over 3 million records in the United States and Puerto Rico. Santa Rosa also starred in a comedy.", "Q109137": "Richard Carl Theodor August Wossidlo (26 January 1859 in Friedrichshof \u2013 4 May 1939 in Waren an der M\u00fcritz) was a German schoolteacher and folklorist.\nFrom 1876 to 1883 he studied classical and German philology at the universities of Rostock, Leipzig and Berlin. From 1886 to 1922 he taught classes in Greek, Latin and German at the gymnasium in Waren.Beginning in 1886, he travelled throughout Mecklenburg, collecting and writing down legends, fairy tales, anecdotes and folk traditions that were compiled during interviews with local inhabitants. His interviewees included farmers, craftsmen, labourers and sailors. From 1897 to 1931 he published a well-received, four-volume on Mecklenburg folk traditions, titled Mecklenburgische Volks\u00fcberlieferungen. Today, the \" Wossidlo-Archiv\" of about two million documents is preserved at the University of Rostock.", "Q160181": "Timothy James Pawlenty (; born November 27, 1960) is an American businessman and politician. He was a Republican politician who served as the 39th Governor of Minnesota (2003\u20132011). He previously served in the Minnesota House of Representatives (1993\u20132003), where he was majority leader for two terms. In 2011, he entered the campaign for the Republican presidential nomination and later was a potential vice presidential nominee before serving as co-chair of Mitt Romney's campaign.\nPawlenty was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota and raised in nearby South St. Paul. He graduated from University of Minnesota with a B.A. in political science and a J.D. His early career included stints as a labor law attorney and as the vice president of a software as a service company. After settling in the city of Eagan with his wife, Pawlenty was appointed to the city's Planning Commission and was elected to the Eagan City Council at the age of 28. He won a seat as a state representative in 1992, representing District 38B in suburban Dakota County. He was re-elected four times and was voted majority leader by House Republicans in 1998.\nAfter narrowly winning the Republican gubernatorial primary in 2002, Pawlenty won a three-way election for Governor of Minnesota. He was re-elected in 2006 by a margin of less than one percent. His campaign platform focused on balancing the budget without raising taxes. During Pawlenty's governorship, he did not raise income taxes, but did increase some taxes and user fees. His administration advocated for numerous public works projects, including work on the Northstar Commuter Rail Line and the construction of Target Field (a Major League Baseball stadium in Minneapolis). He signed a bill mandating 20% ethanol in gasoline by 2013. He cut health care costs in an attempt to balance the budget and borrowed funds from the state's K-12 education and low income programs. He signed an executive order rejecting federal funds related to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. He also led worldwide trips for business leaders and trade delegations to explore trade opportunities. In the 2007\u20132008 term, Pawlenty served as chairman of the National Governors Association.\nPawlenty was rumored to be a contender for both the Republican presidential and vice presidential nominations during the 2008 election, and he officially sought the 2012 Republican presidential nomination from May to August 2011. After withdrawing from that race, he became a finalist to join Mitt Romney on the 2012 ticket as a vice presidential candidate. Pawlenty was not selected as Mitt Romney's running mate, but served as co-chair of Romney's campaign. In September 2012, he left Romney's campaign to become a Washington lobbyist for financial institutions. Pawlenty later sought a third term as Governor of Minnesota in the 2018 election, but lost the Republican primary to Jeff Johnson.\n\n", "Q106204": "Jean-Louis Xavier Trintignant (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0251\u0303 lwi t\u0281\u025b\u0303ti\u0272\u0251\u0303]; born 11 December 1930) is a French actor. He won the Best Actor Award at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival as well as the Best Actor Award at the C\u00e9sar Awards 2013. He starred in classic films such as A Man and a Woman,The Great Silence, The Conformist and Amour.", "Q244931": "In Bruges is a 2008 British-American black comedy crime film written and directed by Martin McDonagh. This movie is McDonagh's debut feature-length movie. The film stars Colin Farrell and Brendan Gleeson as two Irish hitmen in hiding, with Ralph Fiennes as their enraged boss. The film is set and was filmed in Bruges, Belgium.In Bruges was the opening night film of the 2008 Sundance Film Festival and opened in limited release in the United States on 8 February 2008.\nThe film earned Farrell the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, while Gleeson was nominated in the same category. McDonagh won the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.", "Q65771": "Wuppenau is a municipality in the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q957621": "Henry Martyn Leland (February 16, 1843 \u2013 March 26, 1932) was an American machinist, inventor, engineer and automotive entrepreneur. He founded the two premier American luxury automotive marques, Cadillac and Lincoln.", "Q1687744": "Jerome Irving Rodale (; August 16, 1898 \u2013 June 8, 1971) was a publisher, editor, author, playwright, and founder of Rodale, Inc.\nRodale was an early advocate of sustainable agriculture and organic farming in the United States. As an author, his work included several magazines and books, including books featuring different authors, on the subject of health. He popularized the term \"organic\" as a term for growing food without pesticides. Rodale also published works on other topics, including The Synonym Finder.\nRodale died after suffering a fatal heart attack while appearing as a guest on a segment of The Dick Cavett Show. The segment has not been aired. Rodale was taken to Roosevelt Hospital Center and was pronounced dead on arrival at the age of 72.", "Q983316": "Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0301\u0433\u0438\u043d; April 5, 1869, Ranenburg \u2013 October 8, 1942, Novosibirsk) was a Russian and Soviet physicist, mathematician, and mechanical engineer. He is known for mathematical formulas such as Chaplygin's equation and for a hypothetical substance in cosmology called Chaplygin gas, named after him. \nHe graduated in 1890 from Moscow University, and later became a professor. He taught mechanical engineering at Moscow Higher Women's Courses in 1901, and of applied mathematics at Moscow School of Technology, 1903. Leonid I. Sedov was one of his students.\nChaplygin's theories were greatly inspired by N. Ye. Zhukovsky, who founded the Central Institute of Aerodynamics. His early research consisted of hydromechanics. His \"Collected Works\" in four volumes were published in 1948.", "Q275534": "Narc\u00eds Casanoves or Narciso Casanovas (1747\u20131799) was a Spanish composer who became a Benedictine monk in 1763 at Montserrat, where he remained for the rest of his life. As well as sacred music, he wrote single-movement sonatas for the keyboard.", "Q685342": "Aldo Palazzeschi (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8aldo palat\u02c8tseski]; 2 February 1885 \u2013 17 August 1974) was the pen name of Aldo Giurlani, an Italian novelist, poet, journalist and essayist.", "Q15296": "Monte Leone is the highest mountain of the Lepontine Alps and is located on the border between Switzerland and Italy. The mountain stands on the extreme west of the Lepontine Alps, a few kilometres east of Simplon Pass.", "Q298682": "Djimon Gaston Hounsou (; French: [d\u0292im\u0254\u0303 unsu]; born 24 April 1964) is a Beninese-American actor and model. Hounsou began his career appearing in music videos. He made his film debut in the Sandra Bernhard film Without You I'm Nothing (1990) and gained widespread recognition for his role as Cinqu\u00e9 in the Steven Spielberg film Amistad (1997). He gained further recognition for his roles in Gladiator (2000), In America (2003), and Blood Diamond (2006), receiving Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor nominations for both the latter films. He also had a minor role in Furious 7 (2015). He has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards. Djimon Hounsou plays an important role as well in the French film Forces sp\u00e9ciales in 2011.\nIn the Marvel Cinematic Universe, he plays the role of Korath the Pursuer in Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) and Captain Marvel (2019). Additionally, in the DC Extended Universe, he played the role of the Fisherman King in Aquaman (2018) and the wizard Shazam in Shazam! (2019).", "Q1585855": "Harold Jones (born February 27, 1940) is an American traditional pop and jazz drummer who is best known as the drummer for Tony Bennett and for his five years with the Count Basie Orchestra.In a career spanning six decades, Jones has toured and recorded with Frank Sinatra, Duke Ellington, Oscar Peterson, Herbie Hancock, B.B. King, and Ray Charles. He has also played with major symphony orchestras, including those in Boston, Atlanta, Chicago, London, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Vienna.", "Q21480316": "Childhood's End is an American television miniseries based on the novel of the same name, by Arthur C. Clarke, and developed by Matthew Graham. It premiered on Syfy on December 14, 2015.", "Q1375057": "Kendall Nicole Jenner (born November 3, 1995) is an American model and media personality. Jenner was born in to Caitlyn Jenner and Kris Jenner, and rose to fame in the reality television show Keeping Up with the Kardashians. The show which featured Jenner's siblings Kylie, Kourtney, Kim, Khlo\u00e9, and Rob Kardashian propelled the family to fame. Jenner began modelling at the age of 14. After working in commercial print ad campaigns and photoshoots, Jenner had breakout seasons in 2014 and 2015, walking the runways for high-fashion designers during the New York, Milan, and Paris fashion weeks. Jenner has done multiple editorials and cover shoots for LOVE and various international Vogue editions, and is a brand ambassador for Est\u00e9e Lauder.Jenner made her debut at No. 16 on Forbes magazine's 2015 list of top-earning models, with an estimated annual income of US$4 million. In 2017, Jenner was named the world's highest-paid model by Forbes.\n\n", "Q182104": "Jessie Alice Tandy (7 June 1909 \u2013 11 September 1994) was an English-American actress. Tandy appeared in over 100 stage productions and had more than 60 roles in film and TV, receiving such accolades as an Academy Award, four Tony Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and a Primetime Emmy Award.Born in London, she was only 18 when she made her professional debut on the London stage in 1927. During the 1930s, she acted in many plays in London's West End, playing roles such as Ophelia (opposite John Gielgud's legendary Hamlet) and Katherine (opposite Laurence Olivier's Henry V).During this period, she also worked in a number of British films. Following the end of her marriage to the British actor Jack Hawkins, she moved to New York City in 1940, where she met Canadian actor Hume Cronyn. He became her second husband and frequent partner on stage and screen.\nShe received the Tony Award for best performance by a Leading Actress in A Play for her performance as Blanche DuBois in the original Broadway production of A Streetcar Named Desire in 1948. Tandy shared the prize with Katharine Cornell (who won for the female lead in Antony and Cleopatra) and Judith Anderson (for the latter's portrayal of Medea) in a three-way tie for the award. Over the following three decades, her career continued sporadically and included a supporting role in Alfred Hitchcock's horror film, The Birds (1963), and a Tony Award-winning performance in The Gin Game (1977, playing in the two-hander play opposite Hume Cronyn). Along with Cronyn, she was a member of the original acting company of the Guthrie Theater.In the mid-1980s she had a career revival. She appeared with Cronyn in the Broadway production of Foxfire in 1983 and its television adaptation four years later, winning both a Tony Award and an Emmy Award for her portrayal of Annie Nations. During these years, she appeared in films such as Cocoon (1985), also with Cronyn.She became the oldest actress to receive the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in Driving Miss Daisy (1989), for which she also won a BAFTA and a Golden Globe, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Fried Green Tomatoes (1991). At the height of her success, she was named as one of People's \"50 Most Beautiful People\". She was diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 1990, and continued working until shortly before her death.", "Q159700": "Jean Omer Marie Gabriel Monnet (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 m\u0254n\u025b]; 9 November 1888 \u2013 16 March 1979) was a French entrepreneur, diplomat, financier, administrator, and political visionary. An influential supporter of European unity, he is considered as one of the founding fathers of the European Union. Jean Monnet has been called \"The Father of Europe\" by those who see his innovative and pioneering efforts in the 1950s as the key to establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, the predecessor of today's European Union. Never elected to public office, Monnet worked behind the scenes of American and European governments as a well-connected pragmatic internationalist. He was named patron of the 1980\u20131981 academic year at the College of Europe, in honour of his accomplishments.", "Q4384116": "City Records (full legal name in Serbian: \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0437\u0435\u045b\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043a\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 City Records \u0434.\u043e.\u043e. \u0411\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434/Preduze\u0107e za izdava\u010dko-propagandnu delatnost City Records d.o.o. Beograd) is a Serbian record label. Founded in 1997, the record label is part of the Pink Media Group. It is the home of some of the best selling Balkans pop artists.City Records has signed licensing agreements with many European artists, increasing the exposure of these artists and the distribution of their musical work in the market.", "Q702239": "William Kinnimond Burton (11 May 1856 \u2013 5 August 1899) was a British engineer, photographer and photography writer, born in Edinburgh, Scotland, who lived most of his career in Meiji period Japan.", "Q3439119": "Joseph Roger Eugene Pichette (DFC) (August 14, 1921 \u2013 November 21, 2002) was a Canadian politician. Born in Chandler, Quebec, he attended school in Campbellton, New Brunswick where he lived for most of his life. He served with the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II. He rose to the level of Flight Lieutenant and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.\nIn 1943 Roger Pichette married Florence Olscamp (1923\u20132002) of Ste-Anne de Restigouche (Listuguj Mi'gmaq First Nation), Quebec. The couple had a son and three daughters.\nPichette was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick as the Progressive Conservative Party member for the Restigouche riding in the 1952 Provincial election. New premier Hugh John Flemming appointed him Minister of Industry and Development on October 8, 1952. Reelected in 1956, Pichette remained Minister until July 12, 1960 when his party was defeated in the 1960 New Brunswick general election.\nIn the 1979 Canadian federal election, Pichette was the unsuccessful Progressive Conservative Party of Canada's candidate in the federal riding of Restigouche.\nRoger Pichette died in Moncton, New Brunswick in 2002 at age eighty-one. His wife died less than two months later. They are buried in Campbellton, New Brunswick.", "Q230068": "\u00c8ve Denise Curie Labouisse (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u025bv d\u0259niz ky\u0281i labwis]; December 6, 1904 \u2013 October 22, 2007) was a French and American writer, journalist and pianist. \u00c8ve Curie was the younger daughter of Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie and Pierre Curie. Her sister was Ir\u00e8ne Joliot-Curie and her brother-in-law Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Joliot-Curie. \u00c8ve was the only member of her family who did not choose a career as a scientist and did not win a Nobel Prize, although her husband, Henry Richardson Labouisse, Jr., did collect the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 on behalf of UNICEF. She worked as a journalist and authored her mother's biography Madame Curie and a book of war reportage, Journey Among Warriors. From the 1960s she committed herself to work for UNICEF, providing help to children and mothers in developing countries.", "Q4720331": "Alexander Walker Ogilvie (May 7, 1829 \u2013 March 31, 1902) was a Canadian politician and businessman. He and his brothers, William and John, are remembered for their pioneering work in the Canadian milling trade with their company, A. W. Ogilvie & Co. of Montreal, and as pioneers and believers in the success of the Canadian West. Their company expanded to become the largest flour milling company in the British Empire.\nHe was born in C\u00f4te-Saint-Michel, Lower Canada (now Quebec) which is on the island of Montreal, the son of Alexander Ogilvie and Helen Watson. He attended the Howden and Taggart Academy in Montreal. His father and his uncle, James Goudie, operated a flour mill called Glenora Mills on the Lachine Canal. Alexander went into partnership with his uncle in 1852. When Goudie left the firm in 1855, Ogilvie went into partnership with his younger brother, John, forming A. W. Ogilvie & Company.Their brother, William Watson Ogilvie, joined the company in 1860 to head up the Montreal offices. At this point Alexander was able to devote more time to politics.\n\nIn the 1867 Quebec general election, he was acclaimed to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for the riding of Montr\u00e9al-Ouest. He did not run in the 1871 election. He left A. W. Ogilvie and Co in 1874. He was elected again in the 1875 election, this time in the riding of Montr\u00e9al-Centre. He did not run in the 1878 election. In 1881, he was appointed to the Senate of Canada representing the senatorial division of Alma, Quebec. A Conservative, he resigned in 1901.He was a Justice of the Peace and Lt. Col. of the Montreal Cavalry and a director of Mount Royal Cemetery. He supported organizations such as the Montreal Workingmen's Mutual Benefit and Widows and Orphans Provident Society, St. Andrew's Society.Ogilvie died in 1902 and his remains were interred at Mount Royal Cemetery.", "Q261541": "Jaime Boreanaz (n\u00e9e Bergman; born September 23, 1975) is an American model and actress who was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month in January 1999, its 45th Anniversary issue. In addition to her magazine appearance she has appeared in several Playboy videos.", "Q102062": "Walter Eckhardt (March 23, 1906 in Bad Homburg vor der H\u00f6he, Hesse-Nassau \u2013 January 1, 1994) was a German politician, who represented the All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights (GB/BHE) and subsequently the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU). He was a member of the Parliament of Bavaria, a member of the Bundestag and a Member of the European Parliament.\nEckhardt was until 1943 a high-ranking official (Ministerialrat) in the Reichs Ministry of Finance. In 1943 he joined the German army and was captured in early 1945 by the British. He remained in captivity until 1948. Following his repatriation he settled in Munich where he worked as a lawyer and became politically active. In 1949 he was elected president of the German Union and became a member of the directorate of the All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights the following year. He was elected to the Parliament of Bavaria in 1950, serving until 1954. He was elected to the Bundestag, serving from 1953 to 1957. In 1955 he left the BHE and joined the CDU/CSU faction in March 1956. Following the resignation of Otto von Feury, Eckhardt, who had not been elected in the first place, rejoined the Bundestag for the rest of the term. Similarly, he only rejoined the Bundestag after the next elections as replacement candidate from 1964 to 1969. Additionally, Eckhardt served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1954 to 1956.\nThe Walter Eckhardt Award for Contemporary History of the Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle Ingolstadt is awarded in his memory.\nEckhardt was married with two daughters.", "Q3157345": "John Devereaux Wrather Jr. (May 24, 1918 \u2013 November 12, 1984), was an entrepreneur and petroleum businessman who became a television producer and later diversified by investing in broadcast stations and resort properties. He is best known for producing The Lone Ranger, Sergeant Preston of the Yukon, and Lassie television series in the 1950s as well as marrying actress Bonita Granville.", "Q2982991": "Grinnell College is a private liberal arts college in Grinnell, Iowa. It was founded in 1846 when a group of New England Congregationalists established the Trustees of Iowa College. Grinnell is known for its rigorous academics, innovative pedagogy, and commitment to social justice.Grinnell has the sixth highest endowment-to-student ratio of liberal arts colleges, enabling need blind admissions and substantial academic merit scholarships to boost socioeconomic diversity. Students receive funding for unpaid or underpaid summer internships and professional development (including international conferences and professional attire). Grinnell participates in a 3\u20132 engineering dual degree program with Columbia University, Washington University in St. Louis, and California Institute of Technology, a 2\u20131\u20131\u20131 engineering program with Dartmouth College and a Master of Public Health cooperative degree program with University of Iowa.Nearly half of enrolled Grinnellians self-identify as international students or students of color. Among Grinnell alumni are 14 Rhodes Scholars, 119 Fulbright Scholars (Since 2005), 79 Watson Fellows, 13 Goldwater Scholars, and one Nobel laureate. Its alumni include actor Gary Cooper, Nobel chemist Thomas Cech, Intel co-founder Robert Noyce, jazz musician Herbie Hancock, government administrator Harry Hopkins, and comedian Kumail Nanjiani.\nThe 120-acre campus includes several listings on the National Register of Historic Places as well as a C\u00e9sar Pelli designed ultra-modern student center, integrated academic complexes, and state-of-the-art athletics facilities. Grinnell College also manages significant real estate adjacent to the campus and in the historic downtown, a free-access golf course, and the 365-acre Conard Environmental Research Area.U.S. News & World Report in 2020 ranked Grinnell tied for 14th best overall and 3rd best undergraduate teaching among liberal arts colleges in the U.S.", "Q93959": "Maja Haderlap (born 8 March 1961 in Eisenkappel-Vellach (Slovene: \u017delezna Kapla-Bela, Carinthia) is a bilingual Slovenian-German Austrian writer, best known for her multiple-award-winning novel, Angel of Oblivion, about the Slovene ethnic minority's transgenerational trauma of being treated as 'homeland traitors' by the German-speaking Austrian neighbors, because they were the only ever-existing military resistance against National Socialism in Austria.", "Q785430": "Young Justice is an American animated television series developed by Brandon Vietti and Greg Weisman for Cartoon Network. Despite its title, it is not a direct adaptation of Peter David, Todd Dezago and Todd Nauck's Young Justice comic series, but rather an adaptation of the entire DC Universe with a focus on teenage and young adult superheroes.The series follows the lives of teenage superheroes and sidekicks who are members of a fictional covert operation group referred to simply as 'the team'. Young Justice is essentially a young counterpart to the famous adult team, the Justice League. The main setting is a fictional universe apart from the previous DCAU and other continuities (designated at one point as Earth-16) during a time period in which superheroes are a relatively recent phenomenon.The series debuted with an hour-long special on November 26, 2010, with the airing of the first two episodes, \"Independence Day\" and \"Fireworks\". Young Justice premiered on September 9, 2011, on Teletoon, in Canada. After airing its second season, titled Young Justice: Invasion, the series was canceled alongside fellow DC Nation show Green Lantern: The Animated Series in spring 2013.\nOn November 7, 2016, Warner Bros. Animation announced that the series would be returning for a third season, titled Young Justice: Outsiders, which premiered on January 4, 2019 on DC Universe. On July 20, 2019, while at San Diego Comic-Con it was announced by series creators Vietti and Weisman that DC Universe had renewed the series for a fourth season.", "Q260887": "Robot Monster (a.k.a. Monster from Mars) is a 1953 independently made American black-and-white 3D science fiction film, remembered in later decades as one of the worst movies ever made. It was produced and directed by Phil Tucker, written by Wyott Ordung, and stars George Nader, Claudia Barrett, and George Barrows. The production company was Three Dimension Pictures, Inc. The film was distributed by Astor Pictures.\nRobot Monster tells the story of the alien robot Ro-Man's mission to Earth to destroy humanity. He manages to kill all but eight survivors, who have become immune to his death ray. Ro-Man runs afoul of the Great Guidance, his leader, when he becomes attracted to the human Alice. She is the eldest daughter of a surviving scientist, and he refuses to harm her. The Great Guidance must now come to Earth and finish what the Moon robot started.", "Q26648": "John Argyropoulos (Greek: \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f08\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 Ioannis Argyropoulos; Italian: Giovanni Argiropulo; surname also spelt Argyropulus, or Argyropulos, or Argyropulo; c. 1415 \u2013 26 June 1487) was a lecturer, philosopher and humanist, one of the \u00e9migr\u00e9 Greek scholars who pioneered the revival of Classical learning in 15th-century Italy.He translated Greek philosophical and theological works into Latin besides producing rhetorical and theological works of his own. He was in Italy for the Council of Florence during 1439\u201344, and returned to Italy following the fall of Constantinople, teaching in Florence (at the Florentine Studium) in 1456\u201370 and in Rome in 1471\u201387.\n\n", "Q78052": "Johann Bernhard Fischer (1685, L\u00fcbeck \u2013 1772, Hinterbergen near Riga) was a doctor of German origin in Imperial Russian service as medical adviser to the Empress Anna.", "Q1780995": "20th Century Fox Records, also known as 20th Fox Records and 20th Century Records, was a wholly owned subsidiary of film studio 20th Century Fox. The history of the label actually covers three distinct 20th Century Fox-related operations in the analog era, ranging chronologically from about 1938 to 1981.\n\n", "Q538109": "Ture Nerman (18 May 1886, in Norrk\u00f6ping \u2013 7 October 1969) was a Swedish socialist. As a journalist and author, he was a well-known political activist in his time. He also wrote poems and songs.\nNerman was a vegetarian and a strict teetotaler. Alcoholism was a major social problem in Sweden in the early 20th century, and Nerman considered alcohol to be a drug that made the working class passive instead of fighting for better conditions.\nTure Nerman had younger twin brothers, the artist Einar Nerman and the archeologist Birger Nerman.", "Q189045": "Britpop was a mid-1990s UK-based music and culture movement that emphasised Britishness. It produced brighter, catchier alternative rock, partly in reaction to the popularity of the darker lyrical themes of the US-led grunge music and to the UK's own shoegazing music scene. The movement brought British alternative rock into the mainstream and formed the backbone of a larger British popular cultural movement, Cool Britannia, which evoked the Swinging Sixties and the British guitar pop of that decade.\nBritpop was a media-driven focus on bands which emerged from the independent music scene of the early 1990s. Although the term was viewed as a marketing tool, and more of a cultural moment than a musical style or genre, its associated bands typically drew from the British pop music of the 1960s, glam rock and punk rock of the 1970s and indie pop of the 1980s.\nThe most successful bands linked with Britpop were Blur, Oasis, Suede and Pulp, known as the movement's \"big four\", although Suede and Pulp distanced themselves from the term. The timespan of Britpop is generally considered to be 1993\u20131997, and its peak years to be 1994\u20131995. A chart battle between Blur and Oasis (dubbed \"The Battle of Britpop\") brought the movement to the forefront of the British press in 1995. While music was the main focus, fashion, art, and politics also got involved, with Tony Blair and New Labour aligning themselves with the movement.\nBy 1997, many Britpop acts began to falter commercially and break up, partly due to the popularity of the pop group the Spice Girls. Although Britpop's more popular bands were able to spread their commercial success overseas, the movement had largely fallen apart by the end of the decade.\n\n", "Q172591": "Johnnie Tolan (October 22, 1917 \u2013 June 6, 1986 in Redondo Beach, California) was an American racecar driver.", "Q465568": "Alabert Fogarasi, also known as B\u00e9la Fogarasi (25 July 1891\u2013 28 April 1959) was a Hungarian philosopher and politician.", "Q3421742": "Rebel Rabbit is a 1949 Merrie Melodies animated short starring Bugs Bunny.", "Q187068": "Probus (; Latin: Marcus Aurelius Probus Augustus; c. 19 August 232 \u2013 September/October 282), was Roman Emperor from 276 to 282.\nProbus was an active and successful general as well as a conscientious administrator, and in his reign of six years he secured prosperity for the inner provinces while withstanding repeated inundations of hostile barbarian tribes on almost every sector of the frontier.After repelling the foreign enemies of the empire Probus was forced to handle several internal revolts, but demonstrated leniency and moderation to the vanquished wherever possible. In his reign the facade of the constitutional authority of the Roman Senate was fastidiously maintained, and the conqueror, who had carried his army to victory over the Rhine professed himself dependent on the sanction of the Senate.Upon defeating the Germans, Probus re-erected the ancient fortifications of emperor Hadrian between the Rhine and Danube rivers, protecting the Agri Decumates, and exacted from the vanquished a tribute of manpower to resettle depopulated provinces within the empire and provide for adequate defense of the frontiers. Despite his widespread popularity, Probus was killed in a mutiny of the soldiers while in the middle of preparations for the Persian war, which would be carried out under his successor Carus.", "Q17495": "The Universal Postal Union (UPU, French: Union postale universelle), established by the Treaty of Bern of 1874, is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to the worldwide postal system. The UPU contains four bodies consisting of the Congress, the Council of Administration (CA), the Postal Operations Council (POC) and the International Bureau (IB). It also oversees the Telematics and Express Mail Service (EMS) cooperatives. Each member agrees to the same terms for conducting international postal duties. The UPU's headquarters are located in Bern, Switzerland.", "Q1631384": "The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; French: Parti lib\u00e9ral du Qu\u00e9bec, PLQ) is a federalist provincial political party in Quebec, Canada. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955.\nThe party has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalism that supports Quebec remaining within the Canadian federation while also supporting reforms that would allow Quebec substantial autonomy. While the party has been described as centrist in the context of Canadian politics, the party believes in a strong role for government in the economy and supports socially liberal policies. The party has a social-democratic faction which was especially prominent during the Quiet Revolution.The Quebec Liberals have always been associated with the colour red; each of their main opponents in different eras have been generally associated with the colour blue.", "Q105719": "Jean Harlow (born Harlean Harlow Carpenter; March 3, 1911 \u2013 June 7, 1937) was an American film actress and sex symbol of the 1930s. Harlow was only on the screen from 1928 to 1937, before her death at the age of 26, but she became one of the biggest movie stars in the world, whose image in the public eye has endured. Often nicknamed the \"Blonde Bombshell\" and the \"Platinum Blonde\", she was popular for her \"Laughing Vamp\" movie persona.\nHarlow was signed by billionaire producer Howard Hughes, who directed her first major appearance as a sex symbol in Hell's Angels (1930). In 1932, after a series of critically unsuccessful films and Hughes's losing interest in her career, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer bought out Harlow's contract. Harlow became a leading lady, starring in a string of hits including her breakthrough acting role Red-Headed Woman (1932), Red Dust (1932), Dinner at Eight (1933), Reckless (1935) and Suzy (1936). Harlow's popularity rivaled and soon surpassed that of MGM colleagues Joan Crawford and Norma Shearer.\nHarlow died during the filming of MGM's Saratoga (1937). The studio was able to complete the film by using body doubles, and it was released a little over a month after Harlow's death. The American Film Institute ranks Jean Harlow as the 22nd-greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema.", "Q432430": "Irvine Alan Stewart Laidlaw, Baron Laidlaw (born 22 December 1942 in Keith, Banffshire, Scotland) is a British businessman, and a former member of the House of Lords. In the Sunday Times Rich List 2012 ranking of the wealthiest people in the UK he was placed 105th with an estimated fortune of \u00a3745 million.\n\n", "Q75576": "Edoardo Anton (7 January 1910 - 11 May 1986) was an Italian screenwriter and film director.", "Q223766": "Phineas Taylor Barnum (; July 5, 1810 \u2013 April 7, 1891) was an American showman, politician, and businessman remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and for founding the Barnum & Bailey Circus (1871\u20132017). He was also an author, publisher, and philanthropist, though he said of himself: \"I am a showman by profession ... and all the gilding shall make nothing else of me\". According to his critics, his personal aim was \"to put money in his own coffers.\" He is widely credited with coining the adage \"There's a sucker born every minute\", although no proof can be found of him saying this.\nBarnum became a small business owner in his early twenties and founded a weekly newspaper before moving to New York City in 1834. He embarked on an entertainment career, first with a variety troupe called \"Barnum's Grand Scientific and Musical Theater\", and soon after by purchasing Scudder's American Museum which he renamed after himself. He used the museum as a platform to promote hoaxes and human curiosities such as the Fiji mermaid and General Tom Thumb. In 1850, he promoted the American tour of Swedish opera singer Jenny Lind, paying her an unprecedented $1,000 a night for 150 nights. He suffered economic reversals in the 1850s due to bad investments, as well as years of litigation and public humiliation, but he used a lecture tour as a temperance speaker to emerge from debt. His museum added America's first aquarium and expanded the wax-figure department.\nBarnum served two terms in the Connecticut legislature in 1865 as a Republican for Fairfield, Connecticut. He spoke before the legislature concerning the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which abolished slavery and involuntary servitude: \"A human soul, 'that God has created and Christ died for,' is not to be trifled with. It may tenant the body of a Chinaman, a Turk, an Arab, or a Hottentot\u2014it is still an immortal spirit\". He was elected in 1875 as mayor of Bridgeport, Connecticut where he worked to improve the water supply, bring gas lighting to streets, and enforce liquor and prostitution laws. He was also instrumental in starting Bridgeport Hospital in 1878 and was its first president. Nevertheless, the circus business, begun when he was 60 years old, was the source of much of his enduring fame. He established \"P. T. Barnum's Grand Traveling Museum, Menagerie, Caravan & Hippodrome\" in 1870, a traveling circus, menagerie, and museum of \"freaks\" which adopted many names over the years.\nBarnum was married to Charity Hallett from 1829 until her death in 1873, and they had four children. In 1874, a few months after his wife's death, he married Nancy Fish, his friend's daughter who was 40 years his junior. They were married until 1891 when Barnum died of a stroke at his home. He was buried in Mountain Grove Cemetery, Bridgeport, which he designed himself.", "Q2831583": "Albert Tissandier (1839 \u2013 5 September 1906) was a French architect, aviator, illustrator, editor and archaeologist. He was the brother of adventurer Gaston Tissandier with whom he collaborated in writing the magazine La Nature, a French language scientific journal aimed at the popularization of science. He and his brother demonstrated the first electric powered flight.", "Q65765": "Wilen is a municipality in the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. Prior to Thurgau's 1998 reorganisation, Wilen was known as Wilen bei Wil and was part of Rickenbach bei Wil, which was then broken up into the municipalities of Rickenbach and Wilen.", "Q170386": "Pope Innocent II (Latin: Innocentius II; died 23 September 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 February 1130 to his death in 1143. His election as pope was controversial and the first eight years of his reign were marked by a struggle for recognition against the supporters of Anacletus II. He reached an understanding with King Lothair III of Germany who supported him against Anacletus and whom he crowned as Holy Roman emperor. Innocent went on to preside over the Second Lateran council.", "Q233575": "Melissa Suzanne George (born 6 August 1976) is an Australian-American actress and entrepreneur. A former national rollerskating champion and model, George began her acting career playing Angel Parrish on the Australian soap opera Home and Away (1993\u201396). After moving to the United States, George made her big-screen debut in 1998 in the neo-noir/science fiction film Dark City. She later appeared in Steven Soderbergh's The Limey (1999), David Lynch's Mulholland Drive (2001), Sugar & Spice (2001), and Down with Love (2003).\nIn 2005, George transitioned into leading roles when she played Kathy Lutz in the remake of The Amityville Horror. She followed this with a succession of films in the thriller and horror genres, such as Derailed (2005), Turistas (2006), W\u0394Z (2007), 30 Days of Night (2007), Triangle (2009), A Lonely Place to Die (2011), and Felony (2013).\nOn television, George has had recurring roles on Alias (2003\u201304), Grey's Anatomy (2008\u201309) and The Good Wife (2013\u201314), and a leading role on the NBC medical drama Heartbeat (2016). She received a Golden Globe nomination for her portrayal of Laura Hill on HBO's In Treatment (2008). She also starred in the Australian miniseries The Slap (2011), for which she received a Logie Award, and the BBC spy series Hunted (2012). In 2015, she appeared in the American adaptation of The Slap, playing the same character, Rosie, that she played in the previous version. She currently stars as Diane Hagerty on Hulu's The First (2018).", "Q91182": "Ernst Gronau (1887\u20131938) was a German stage and film actor.", "Q1277126": "Earl Nelson (September 8, 1928 \u2013 July 12, 2008), also known as Jackie Lee, was an American soul singer and songwriter. He started his career in the doo-wop group the Hollywood Flames in the 1950s before founding the R&B duo Bob & Earl with Bobby Byrd. As Jackie Lee, he's best known for his hit song \"The Duck\" (#14 Pop, #4 R&B).", "Q116003": "Henri Fran\u00e7ois Pittier de Fabrega (August 13, 1857 in Bex, Switzerland \u2013 January 27, 1950 in Caracas, Venezuela) was a Swiss-born geographer and botanist who started Venezuelan National Park history.He graduated as an engineer from the University of Jena and moved to Costa Rica in 1887, where he founded the Physical Geographic Institute and an herbarium. Pittier collected fungi in Costa Rica which was published as a paper in 1896 by Marietta Hanson Rousseau and Elisa Caroline Bommer, and collected spiders that were detailed or described by A. Getaz in a paper in 1893, and collected at various dates and locations in the prior four years. That latter work also mentions a specimen from Greytown (Nicaragua) also collected by H.Pittier. \nPittier arrived in Venezuela in 1917, where he classified more than 30,000 plants and devoted many years to studying the flora and fauna in the country. Henri Pittier National Park was the first national park established in Venezuela.The plant genera Pittiera (now considered a synonym of Polyclathra), Pittierella (now considered a synonym of Cryptocentrum) and Pittierothamnus (now considered a synonym of Amphidasya) are named after him. His name is also associated with Pittier's crab-eating rat, Ichthyomys pittieri. and more than 500 species honor him. \nThe Venezuelan government grants the Henri Pittier Order of Merit to Conservation.", "Q149507": "Charles Vidor (July 27, 1900 \u2013 June 4, 1959) was a Hungarian film director. Among his film successes are The Bridge (1929), Cover Girl (1944), A Song to Remember (1945), Gilda (1946), The Loves of Carmen (1948), Love Me or Leave Me (1955), The Swan (1956), The Joker Is Wild (1957), and A Farewell to Arms (1957).", "Q4796929": "Art Laboe (born Arthur Egnoian on August 7, 1925) is an American disc jockey, songwriter, record producer, and radio station owner, generally credited with coining the term \"Oldies But Goodies\".", "Q331376": "Eduardo Kac [\u025bdwardo\u028a k\u00e6ts; \u0115d\u00b7w\u00e2r\u2032\u00b7d\u014d k\u0103ts] (1962) is a Brazilian-American contemporary artist and professor whose artworks that span a wide range of practices, including performance art, poetry, holography, interactive art, telematic art and transgenic art. He is particularly well known for his works that integrate biotechnology, politics and aesthetics. \nKac began his art career in the early 1980s as performance artist in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Within a few years he was involved in exploring holography as an interactive art form. At the same time, he began creating animated poetic works on the French Minitel platform. \nBefore moving from Brazil to the United States in the late 1980s, Kac began creating his first telematic artworks that used electronic technologies to bridge two or more physical locations. During the 1990s he continued to produce these works, at the same time as he coined the phrase bioart. In addition to bioart Kac coined numerous neologisms to describe his transdisciplinary art practice, including holoart, transgenic art (the integration of human genes in an artwork) and plantimal, referring to a plant infused with human genes.Kac is perhaps best known for his transgenic artworks that use biotechnology to intervene on the natural genetic structure of plants and animals. His works Time Capsule, GFP Bunny and Natural History of the Enigma in particular are recognized as notable works for having joined biotechnology, art and bioethics together into politically charged artworks. \nIn 2017 Kac collaborated with the French Space Observatory office to have a sculpture made aboard the international space station. \nA multidisciplinary artist, Kac has also employed poetry, fax, photocopying, photography, video, fractals, poetry, RFID implants, virtual reality, networks, robotics, satellites, telerobotics, Morse code and DNA extraction in his practice.", "Q273637": "Jale Ar\u0131kan (born 22 August 1965) is a Turkish-German film and television actress. At the 35th Moscow International Film Festival in 2013, she won the Silver George for Best Actress for her role in the film Particle (2012) which won the Golden George.", "Q4897974": "Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School (B-CC) is a public high school in Montgomery County, Maryland. It is named for two of the towns it serves; it also serves Kensington and Silver Spring. It is located at 4301 East-West Highway, in Bethesda. In May 2012, Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School was ranked #6 in the state of Maryland, and #151 in the nation.\nBethesda-Chevy Chase is a part of Montgomery County Public Schools.\nThe school serves the Chevy Chase and Bethesda areas including the towns of Chevy Chase, Chevy Chase View, Chevy Chase Village, and Somerset; and the villages of Chevy Chase Section Three, Chevy Chase Section Five, Martin's Additions and North Chevy Chase. Schools within the Bethesda-Chevy Chase cluster include Westland Middle, Silver Creek Middle, Bethesda Elementary, Chevy Chase Elementary (3-5), North Chevy Chase Elementary (3-5), Rock Creek Forest Elementary, Rosemary Hills Elementary (Pre-K-2), Somerset Elementary, and Westbrook Elementary.", "Q110314": "Johanna K\u00f6nig (27 March 1921 \u2013 3 March 2009) was a German actress. She appeared in more than 50 films and television shows between 1952 and 1999. K\u00f6nig was born in Leipzig, Germany and died in Berlin on 3 March 2009.\n\n", "Q176091": "Ricardo Manuel Arias Espinosa (5 April 1912 \u2013 15 March 1993) was the 29th President of Panama.\nBorn in Washington, D.C. from a prominent Panamanian political family, Arias studied at universities in the United States, Colombia and Chile. He became Second Vice President of Panama in 1952, and served as president from March 29, 1955 to October 1, 1956. He belonged to the National Patriotic Coalition (CNP).\nHe was President of the National Assembly from 1956 to 1957. He later served as the Panamanian Ambassador to the United States during the 1960s and in the Board of Directors of numerous companies in Panama. He died in 1993 in Panama City.\nHis son, Ricardo Alberto Arias, has been minister of foreign affairs and the Panamanian ambassador to the United Nations.", "Q3181717": "John Hays Hammond (31 March 1855 \u2013 8 June 1936) was a mining engineer, diplomat, and philanthropist. Known as the man with the Midas touch, he amassed a sizable fortune before the age of 40. An early advocate of deep mining, Hammond was given complete charge of Cecil Rhodes' mines in South Africa and made each undertaking a financial success. He was a main force planning and executing the Jameson Raid in 1895. It was a fiasco and Hammond, along with the other leaders of the Johannesburg Reform Committee, was arrested and sentenced to death. The Reform Committee leaders were released after paying large fines, but like many of the leaders, Hammond escaped Africa for good. He returned to the United States, became a close friend of President William Howard Taft, and was appointed a special ambassador. At the same time, he continued to develop mines in Mexico and California and, in 1923, he made another fortune while drilling for oil with the Burnham Exploration Company. His son, John Hays Hammond, Jr., patented over 400 inventions, and is widely regarded as the father of radio control.", "Q941731": "The Evergreen State College is a public liberal arts college in Olympia, Washington. Founded in 1967, it offers a non-traditional undergraduate curriculum in which students have the option to design their own study toward a degree or follow a pre-determined path of study. Full-time students can enroll in interdisciplinary academic programs, in addition to stand-alone classes. Programs typically offer students the opportunity to study several disciplines in a coordinated manner. Faculty write substantive narrative evaluations of students' work in place of issuing simple grades.\nEvergreen's main campus, which includes its own salt-water beach, spans 1,000 acres of forest close to the southern end of Puget Sound. Evergreen also has a satellite campus in nearby Tacoma. The school offers a Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts and Bachelor of Science, Master of Environmental Studies, Master in Teaching, Master of Public Administration, and Master of Public Administration in Tribal Governance. As of 2018, there were 3,327 students, 3,018 of whom were undergraduates, and 223 faculty.Evergreen was one of many alternative colleges and programs launched in the 1960s and 1970s, often described as \u201cexperiments.\u201d While the vast majority of these have either closed or adopted more mainstream approaches, Evergreen is one of the few that have remained steadfast in pursuing its original mission.", "Q562213": "Gleb Olegovich Pavlovsky (Russian: \u0413\u043b\u0435\u0431 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, born 5 March 1951, Odessa) is a Russian political scientist (he describes himself as a \"political technologist\"). During the Soviet era, he was prosecuted as a dissident.Pavlovsky is president of the Foundation for Effective Politics (FEP). In 1997, he helped create \"Russian Journal\", one of Russia's oldest websites. Pavlovsky and FEP organized and financed many early websites on the Runet, including Lenta.Ru.\nFrom 2005 to 2008, Pavlovsky hosted the weekly television news commentary \"Real Politics\", which was shown on NTV Russia at 10:00 P.M. on Saturdays.", "Q1354933": "Mark Nauseef (born June 11, 1953), in Cortland, New York, is a drummer and percussionist who has enjoyed a varied career, ranging from rock music during the 1970s with his time as a member of the Ian Gillan Band and, temporarily with Thin Lizzy when Brian Downey left for a short time, to a wide range of musical styles in more recent times, playing with many notable musicians from all over the world.", "Q929499": "Sir William Fairbairn, 1st Baronet of Ardwick (19 February 1789 \u2013 18 August 1874) was a Scottish civil engineer, structural engineer and shipbuilder. In 1854 he succeeded George Stephenson and Robert Stephenson to become the third president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.", "Q65003": "Barbara Rudnik (27 July 1958 \u2013 23 May 2009) was a German actress.", "Q86398": "Inge Br\u00fcck (born 12 October 1936 in Mannheim) is a German singer and actress, best known internationally for her participation in the 1967 Eurovision Song Contest.\nBr\u00fcck began her singing career with the Erwin Lehn Dance Orchestra, where she was noticed by pianist Horst Jankowski, who arranged a television appearance with Hans-Joachim Kulenkampff, following which she was offered a recording contract. In 1957, she had a hit with \"Peter, komm heut' abend zum Hafen\", a version of \"Green Door\", which reached No. 7 in the German chart. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, she made numerous TV appearances, appeared in stage musicals and toured with orchestras including those of Jankowski and Hazy Osterwald.\nFollowing a 1966 victory in an International Song Festival in Brazil, Br\u00fcck was selected by broadcaster NDR to be the German representative in the 1967 Eurovision Song Contest. The chosen song \"Anouschka\" was internally selected by the channel. Br\u00fcck went forward to the 12th Eurovision, held on 8 April in Vienna, where \"Anouschka\" finished in joint eight place of the 17 entries.Following her Eurovision appearance, Br\u00fcck decided to concentrate on acting, and in 1970 she starred in a 13-part series for ZDF called Miss Molly Mill in which she played the title role, a cleaning lady-cum-amateur detective, which was a ratings hit and regularly drew audiences of over 20 million. Since the 1970s, Br\u00fcck has concentrated on performing songs with religious content. Along with fellow Eurovision veterans Katja Ebstein and Peter Horton, she is a member of the initiative K\u00fcnstler f\u00fcr Christus (Artists For Christ).", "Q275246": "Jill Susanne Ritchie is an American actress.\n\n", "Q233213": "Paula Maxine Patton (born December 5, 1975) is an American actress. Patton made her feature film debut in the 2005 comedy Hitch, and had starring roles in the films D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu (2006), Precious (2009), Mission: Impossible \u2013 Ghost Protocol (2011), 2 Guns (2013), and Warcraft (2016).", "Q3105417": "Paul McDonald Calvo (born July 25, 1934) is a Guamanian politician. He was the third elected Governor of Guam from 1979 to 1983.", "Q627091": "Rhino Entertainment Company is an American specialty record label and production company founded in 1978. It is currently the catalog division for Warner Music Group. Its current CEO is Mark Pinkus.\n\n", "Q9798": "The saxophone (referred to colloquially as the sax) is a woodwind instrument usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece. Although most saxophones are made from brass, they are categorized as woodwind instruments, because sound is produced by an oscillating reed, traditionally made out of woody cane, rather than lips vibrating in a mouthpiece cup as with the brass instrument family. As with the other woodwind instruments, the pitch of the note being played is controlled by covering holes in the body tube to control the resonant frequency of the air column by changing the effective length of the tube.\nThe player covers or uncovers the holes by pressing keys.\nThe saxophone is used in classical music (such as concert bands, chamber music, solo repertoire, and, occasionally, orchestras), military bands, marching bands, jazz (such as big bands and jazz combos), and contemporary music. The saxophone is also used as a solo and melody instrument or as a member of a horn section in some styles of rock and roll and popular music. Saxophone players are called saxophonists.Since the first saxophone was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in the early 1840s, saxophones have been produced in a variety of series distinguished by transpositions within instrument sets and tuning standard. Sax patented the saxophone on 28 June 1846, in two groups of seven instruments each. Each series consisted of instruments ranked by pitch, in alternating transposition. The series pitched in B\u266d and E\u266d soon became dominant and most saxophones encountered today are from this series. Instruments from the series pitched in C and F never gained a foothold and constituted only a small percentage of instruments made by Sax. High Pitch (also marked \"H\" or \"HP\") saxophones tuned sharper than the (concert) A = 440 Hz standard were produced into the early twentieth century for sonic qualities suited for outdoor uses, but are not playable to modern tuning and are considered obsolete. Low Pitch (also marked \"L\" or \"LP\") saxophones are equivalent in tuning to modern instruments. C soprano and C melody saxophones were produced for the casual market as parlor instruments during the early twentieth century. Saxophones in F were introduced during the late 1920s but never gained acceptance. The modern saxophone family consists entirely of instruments in the B\u266d \u2013 E\u266d series, historical and experimental instruments notwithstanding. The saxophones with widest use and availability are the soprano, alto, tenor, and baritone saxophones.\n\n", "Q294912": "Richard Franklin Lennox Thomas Pryor (December 1, 1940 \u2013 December 10, 2005) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, and writer. He reached a broad audience with his trenchant observations and storytelling style, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential stand-up comedians of all time.\nPryor's body of work includes the concert movies and recordings: Richard Pryor: Live & Smokin' (1971), That Nigger's Crazy (1974), ...Is It Something I Said? (1975), Bicentennial Nigger (1976), Richard Pryor: Live in Concert (1979), Richard Pryor: Live on the Sunset Strip (1982), and Richard Pryor: Here and Now (1983). As an actor, he starred mainly in comedies such as Silver Streak (1976), but occasionally in dramas, such as Paul Schrader's Blue Collar (1978), or action films, such as Superman III (1983). He collaborated on many projects with actor Gene Wilder. Another frequent collaborator was actor/comedian/writer Paul Mooney.\nPryor won an Emmy Award (1973) and five Grammy Awards (1974, 1975, 1976, 1981, and 1982). In 1974, he also won two American Academy of Humor awards and the Writers Guild of America Award. The first-ever Kennedy Center Mark Twain Prize for American Humor was presented to him in 1998. He was listed at number one on Comedy Central's list of all-time greatest stand-up comedians. In 2017, Rolling Stone ranked him first on its list of the 50 best stand-up comics of all time.", "Q154556": "Karlheinz Stockhausen (German: [ka\u0250\u032fl\u02c8ha\u026ants \u02c8\u0283t\u0254kha\u028azn\u0329]; 22 August 1928 \u2013 5 December 2007) was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important (Barrett 1988, 45; Harvey 1975b, 705; Hopkins 1972, 33; Klein 1968, 117) but also controversial (Power 1990, 30) composers of the 20th and early 21st centuries. A critic calls him \"one of the great visionaries of 20th-century music\" (Hewett 2007). He is known for his groundbreaking work in electronic music, for introducing controlled chance (aleatory techniques or aleatoric musical techniques) into serial composition, and for musical spatialization.\nHe was educated at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik K\u00f6ln and the University of Cologne, later studying with Olivier Messiaen in Paris and with Werner Meyer-Eppler at the University of Bonn. One of the leading figures of the Darmstadt School, his compositions and theories were and remain widely influential, not only on composers of art music, but also on jazz and popular music. His works, composed over a period of nearly sixty years, eschew traditional forms. In addition to electronic music\u2014both with and without live performers\u2014they range from miniatures for musical boxes through works for solo instruments, songs, chamber music, choral and orchestral music, to a cycle of seven full-length operas. His theoretical and other writings comprise ten large volumes. He received numerous prizes and distinctions for his compositions, recordings, and for the scores produced by his publishing company.\nHis notable compositions include the series of nineteen Klavierst\u00fccke (Piano Pieces), Kontra-Punkte for ten instruments, the electronic/musique-concr\u00e8te Gesang der J\u00fcnglinge, Gruppen for three orchestras, the percussion solo Zyklus, Kontakte, the cantata Momente, the live-electronic Mikrophonie I, Hymnen, Stimmung for six vocalists, Aus den sieben Tagen, Mantra for two pianos and electronics, Tierkreis, Inori for soloists and orchestra, and the gigantic opera cycle Licht.\nHe died of sudden heart failure at the age of 79, on 5 December 2007 at his home in K\u00fcrten, Germany.", "Q95482": "Emil Otto Zacharias (January 27, 1846, Leipzig \u2013 October 2, 1916, Kiel) was a German zoologist, plankton researcher and journalist.", "Q69639": "G\u00f6schenen (German, Italian: Casinotta, Romansh: Caschanuttais) a village and municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. It sits at the northern end of the Gotthard tunnel. The G\u00f6schenen riots (1875) saw Urner troops opening fire on Italian miners demonstrating for better working conditions and wages on the tunnel's construction site.", "Q153239": "Al St. John (September 10, 1892 \u2013 January 21, 1963) was an early American film comedian, and nephew of Roscoe \u201cFatty\u201d Arbuckle, with whom he often appeared. He was employed by Mack Sennett and worked with many leading players such as Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton and Mabel Normand. In the talkies, he played the scruffy comedy relief character \"Fuzzy Q. Jones\" who appeared in dozens of films, including the Producers Releasing Corporation's \"Billy the Kid\" series from 1940 to 1946, and their \"Lone Rider\" series from 1941 to 1943.", "Q1494958": "Gary Ronnie Stewart (May 28, 1944 \u2013 December 16, 2003) was an American country musician and songwriter, known for his distinctive vibrato voice and his Southern rock influenced, outlaw country sound. During the peak of his popularity in the mid-1970s, Time magazine described him as the \"king of honkytonk.\" He is remembered for a series of country chart hits from the mid\u2013 to late\u20131970s, his biggest hit being \"She's Actin' Single (I'm Drinkin' Doubles),\" which topped the U.S. country singles chart in 1975.", "Q85691": "Andr\u00e9 Brie (born 13 March 1950 in Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) is a German politician and from 1999 to 2009 Member of the European Parliament for the Party of Democratic Socialism, part of the European Left and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs.\nHe is also a substitute for the Committee on Petitions and the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection.\nOutside Parliament he is a member of the PDS regional party council in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.", "Q434727": "Myrthe Hilkens (born 31 January 1979 in Geleen) is a Dutch journalist, non-fiction writer, and politician. As a member of the Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid), she was a temporary member of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands from April till August 2011, replacing Nebahat Albayrak, who was on maternity leave. As an MP, she dealt with matters of the European Union. On 17 January 2012, she became an MP once again, but she left parliament on 29 August 2013.\nHilkens grew up in Geleen, and later in Breda. She was partially raised as a Catholic, but renounced religion. She studied journalism at Fontys Academy of Journalism in Tilburg, and works as a freelance journalist and non-fiction writer. In 2003, she lived for half a year in an Israeli kibbutz.\nHilkens opposes the influence of pornography on society, and wrote a book about the subject called McSex, de pornoficatie van de samenleving (2008).", "Q114172": "Fritz Moravec (April 27, 1922 \u2013 March 17, 1997) was an Austrian mountaineer and author. He is best known for his numerous expeditions in the Karakoram range, where he participated in the first ascent of Gasherbrum II (8,034 m, 26,358 ft). Moravec was the founder of the Glockner-Kaprun mountaineering school.", "Q486195": "Khiva (Uzbek: Xiva/\u0425\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u062e\u0649\u06cb\u0627; Persian: \u062e\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u200e, X\u012bveh; alternative or historical names include Kheeva, Khorasam, Khoresm, Khwarezm, Khwarizm, Khwarazm, Chorezm, Arabic: \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u200e and Persian: \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u200e) is a city of approximately 90,000 people located in Xorazm Region, Uzbekistan. According to archaeological data, the city was established around 1500 years ago. It is the former capital of Khwarezmia and the Khanate of Khiva. Itchan Kala in Khiva was the first site in Uzbekistan to be inscribed in the World Heritage List (1991). The astronomer, historian and polymath, Al-Biruni (973-1048 CE) was born in either Khiva or the nearby city of Kath.", "Q11782": "Andreas Khol (born 14 July 1941 in Bergen auf R\u00fcgen, Germany) is an Austrian politician of the centre-conservative Austrian People's Party, President of the National Council from 2002 to 2006.Andreas Khol was raised in the town of Sterzing in South Tyrol, Italy. His family subsequently relocated to Innsbruck, Austria, where Khol attended school (Akademisches Gymnasium Innsbruck) and served as a Boy Scout. Trained as a lawyer, Andreas Khol achieved a habilitation in constitutional law as a student of Felix Ermacora. One of the most senior politicians of his party, he held the position of the first president of the National Council of Austria between 2002 and 2006. Along with former chancellor Wolfgang Sch\u00fcssel, he held considerable power within the Austrian People's Party. Andreas Khol assumed the post of head of the Senior Citizens Organisation in the Austrian People's Party. He resigned from the post after he accepted the nomination to stand as candidate for the post of Federal President in 2016. He immediately challenged the government's open door policy on accepting refugees and managed to bring about a U-turn both in his Party and the Government. Despite this he came one but last in the presidential race gaining just over 11 percent of the vote trailing behind the Social Democratic candidate. Internal squabbles in the \u00d6VP and a lack of engagement by the party machine were cited as reasons as well as a swell in support for the far right candidate Norbert Hofer (FP\u00d6) who topped the poll. Visibly shaken on election night, Khol announced he would no longer play an active role in politics.\nKhol is proficient in English and French and is editor of an annual political science book called the Austrian Politics Yearbook.\nA member of A.V. Raeto-Bavaria Innsbruck, a Catholic fraternity that belongs to the Cartellverband, Andreas Khol is known to be religious and has often voiced conservative opinions on social policy. He represents the Catholic-conservative wing of his party. His youngest son Julian is an internationally known male model and married with Turkish TV host Nazan Eckes. Andreas Khol has six children, three boys and three girls and 15 grandchildren.\n\n", "Q1443796": "Frank Minnifield (born January 1, 1960, Lexington, Kentucky) is a former American football player who played defensive back for the Cleveland Browns from 1984 to 1992.", "Q336431": "Toyohashi (\u8c4a\u6a4b\u5e02, Toyohashi-shi) is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2019, the city had an estimated population of 377,453 in 160,516 households and a population density of 1,400 persons per km\u00b2. The total area of the city was 261.86 square kilometres (101.10 sq mi). By area, Toyohashi was Aichi Prefecture's second-largest city until March 31, 2005 when it was surpassed by the city of Toyota, which had merged with six peripheral municipalities.", "Q1708539": "Joshua Altheimer (May 17, 1910 \u2013 November 18, 1940) was an American pianist who is remembered for accompanying Big Bill Broonzy, Lonnie Johnson, Sonny Boy Williamson and others on influential blues recordings made in Chicago in the 1930s. He was described by Broonzy as \"the best blues piano player I ever heard\", and by blues historian Hugues Panassi\u00e9 as \"the greatest blues pianist on records\".He was born in Altheimer, Arkansas, which he claimed had been founded by his grandfather, and would therefore have had family connections with the leading Chicago law firm of Altheimer & Gray. Joshua Altheimer was relatively light-skinned; it is believed that his grandfather was an immigrant from Germany and his grandmother an ex-slave. His father was Silas Altheimer. It is thought likely that he received some formal musical training, explaining his technique and \"perfect tempo\". He worked for some years in Arkansas, where he met and probably first performed with blues singer Big Bill Broonzy, who grew up in the same area. Altheimer then moved to Chicago, and in 1937 began working as Broonzy's regular piano accompanist.According to writer Roger House, Altheimer \"brought a nimble, boogie-woogie piano style to the urban blues trio\". He became a key part of Broonzy's band in performance and on recordings, and was sought out by other blues performers of the time including John Lee \"Sonny Boy\" Williamson, Washboard Sam, Jazz Gillum, and Lonnie Johnson. He played piano at the 1939 session on which Johnson used an electric guitar for the first time, and recorded prolifically as a sideman during 1939 and 1940. He is described by Bruce Eder at Allmusic as \"a strong player, with a right hand capable of coaxing rich, diverse figures out of his instrument\". However, he made no recordings as a solo or featured performer.Joshua Altheimer died in Chicago in November 1940 at the age of 30, the result of various ailments including pneumonia.", "Q232125": "Louise de La Valli\u00e8re (Fran\u00e7oise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc; 6 August 1644 \u2013 7 June 1710) was a mistress of Louis XIV of France from 1661 to 1667. She later became the Duchess of La Valli\u00e8re and Duchess of Vaujours in her own right. She has no known surviving descendants. Louise was also very religious and she led a religious penance for herself near the end of her life.", "Q118760": "Urs Jaeggi (born 23 June 1931 in Solothurn, Switzerland) is a Swiss sociologist, painter, and author. From 1964 to 1993, he was a Professor of Sociology and Social Philosophy in Bern, Bochum, New York, and Berlin. He published numerous novels, short stories, essays as well as scientific books. He won the Ingeborg Bachmann Prize in 1981. He has participated in solo and group exhibitions since 1985. Presently he lives in Berlin and Mexico City.\nHis daughter Rahel Jaeggi is a professor of Philosophy at the Humboldt University of Berlin.", "Q339702": "William Rancic (; born May 16, 1971) is an American entrepreneur who was the first candidate hired by The Trump Organization at the conclusion of the first season of Donald Trump's reality television show, The Apprentice. He is married to E! News host Giuliana Rancic.", "Q22360": "Lisa Ann Murkowski (; born May 22, 1957) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Alaska, having held that seat since 2002. She is a member of the Republican Party, and is the second most senior Republican woman in the Senate. Along with Susan Collins from Maine, she is frequently described as one of the most moderate Republicans in the Senate and is a crucial swing voter.\nMurkowski is the daughter of former U.S. Senator and Governor of Alaska, Frank Murkowski. Before her appointment to the Senate, she served in the Alaska House of Representatives and was eventually elected Majority Leader. She was appointed to the U.S. Senate by her father, who resigned his seat in December 2002 to become the Governor of Alaska. She completed her father's unexpired term, which ended in January 2005.\nMurkowski ran for and won a full term in 2004. She ran for a second term in 2010. After losing the Republican Party primary to Tea Party candidate Joe Miller, Murkowski ran as a write-in candidate and defeated both Miller and Democrat Scott McAdams in the general election; this made her the second U.S. Senator (and the first since Strom Thurmond in 1954) to be elected by write-in vote. Although Murkowski has won three full terms to the Senate, she has never won a majority of the vote; she won pluralities in each of her three races, with 48.6% of the vote in 2004, 39.5% in 2010, and 44.4% in 2016.", "Q937857": "A football player or footballer is a sport person who plays one of the different types of football. The main types of football are association football, American football, Canadian football, Australian rules football, Gaelic football, rugby league and rugby union.\nIt has been estimated that there are 250 million association football players in the world, and many play the other forms of football.\n\n", "Q72557": "(Karl Friedrich) Paul Ernst (7 March 1866, Elbingerode, Kingdom of Hanover \u2013 13 May 1933, aged 67) was a German writer, dramatist, critic and journalist.", "Q2040538": "Richard J. Pratt (born Ryszard Przecicki; 10 December 1934 \u2013 28 April 2009) was an Australian businessman, chairman of the privately owned company Visy Industries, and a leading figure of Melbourne society. In the year before his death Pratt was Australia's fourth-richest person, with a personal fortune valued at A$5.48 billion.", "Q101231": "Janina Hartwig (born June 8, 1961 in East Berlin) is a German actress.", "Q3953775": "Masamoto Yashiro (\u516b\u57ce \u653f\u57fa, born February 14, 1929 in Shinagawa, Tokyo) is a Japanese businessman who currently serves as Chairman and CEO of Shinsei Bank and as a director of China Construction Bank.\nHe attended Kyoto University, graduating with a degree in law, and graduate school at the University of Tokyo. He joined Standard Vacuum Oil Company in 1958 and became a director of Esso Petroleum in 1964. He was appointed Japan chairman of Citibank in 1989.\nIn 1999, he left Citibank to head the Ripplewood-backed effort to acquire the Long-Term Credit Bank of Japan. In 2000, he was appointed Chairman and CEO of the newly acquired and renamed Shinsei Bank. In 2004 he was also appointed as a director of China Construction Bank. He resigned as CEO of Shinsei in 2005 and as chairman in 2006, but returned as Chairman and CEO in 2008.", "Q832085": "Miguel Can\u00e9 (Montevideo, January 27, 1851 \u2013 Buenos Aires, September 5, 1905) was an Argentine writer, lawyer, academic, journalist, and politician.\nCan\u00e9 was born in Montevideo, Uruguay where his family was exiled. He moved to Argentina at the age of two following the fall of Juan Manuel de Rosas. After ending his studies he worked as a journalist.\nCan\u00e9 held numerous political offices, notably Argentine minister of external affairs and of the Interior, having been a provincial and national deputy and Mayor of the City of Buenos Aires. He was also a diplomat, serving in Colombia, Venezuela and France. He served in the Argentine Senate between 1898 and 1904 for Buenos Aires.\nCan\u00e9's works included Ensayos (Essays) (1876); Juvenilia (1884), based on memories of his childhood and teenage years; En Viaje 1881-1882 (1884) and Light Prose (1903), a collection of literary writings. Other writings were published posthumously as Discourses and Lectures (1909).\nA prominent member of the Generation of '80, Can\u00e9 was influenced by naturalism and the Parnassian poets.\nHe died in Buenos Aires, Argentina.", "Q3271460": "Per Lindstrand (born 8 September 1948) is a Swedish aeronautical engineer, pilot, adventurer and entrepreneur. He is particularly known for his series of record-breaking trans-oceanic hot air balloon flights and, later, attempts to be the first to fly a Rozi\u00e8re balloon around the Earth \u2013 all with British entrepreneur, Sir Richard Branson. He is also the founder of eponymous Lindstrand Balloons hot air balloon manufacturer based in Oswestry, England.\nLindstrand not only flies balloons, but many other aircraft as well, and holds an airline transport pilot's licence for single and multi-engined land and sea aeroplanes and helicopters, and a commercial pilot's licence for autogyros, airships and gliders. His long standing dream to make a flight around the world in a hot air balloon (as opposed to a Rozi\u00e8re or gas balloon which requires no constant source of heated air) still remains unrealized. His distance, duration and altitude records have made him one of the best known balloonists and aerostat designers and engineers in the world.", "Q178094": "The Notorious Bettie Page is a 2005 biographical film directed by Mary Harron. The screenplay by Harron and Guinevere Turner focuses on 1950s pinup and bondage model Bettie Page, portrayed by Gretchen Mol.", "Q3703215": "David Ito (\u30c7\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8 \u4f0a\u6771, Debitto It\u014d, real name Tsutomu Ito (\u4f0a\u85e4 \u52aa, It\u014d Tsutomu); born 12 August 1966, in Iruma, Saitama) is a Japanese comedian, actor and businessman. He is nicknamed Debi (\u30c7\u30d3).\n\n", "Q125387": "George Edward Cole (December 23, 1826 \u2013 December 3, 1906) was an American politician. He is remembered as the 6th Governor and 5th Delegate from the Territory of Washington.", "Q824": "Oregon ( (listen) ORR-ih-g\u0259n) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho. The parallel 42\u00b0 north delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada.\nOregon was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before European traders, explorers, and settlers arrived. An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843 before the Oregon Territory was created in 1848. Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14, 1859. Today, at 98,000 square miles (250,000 km2), Oregon is the ninth largest and, with a population of 4 million, 27th most populous U.S. state. The capital, Salem, is the second most populous city in Oregon, with 169,798 residents. Portland, with 647,805, ranks as the 26th among U.S. cities. The Portland metropolitan area, which also includes the city of Vancouver, Washington, to the north, ranks the 25th largest metro area in the nation, with a population of 2,453,168.\nOregon is one of the most geographically diverse states in the U.S., marked by volcanoes, abundant bodies of water, dense evergreen and mixed forests, as well as high deserts and semi-arid shrublands. At 11,249 feet (3,429 m), Mount Hood, a stratovolcano, is the state's highest point. Oregon's only national park, Crater Lake National Park, comprises the caldera surrounding Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. The state is also home to the single largest organism in the world, Armillaria ostoyae, a fungus that runs beneath 2,200 acres (8.9 km2) of the Malheur National Forest.Because of its diverse landscapes and waterways, Oregon's economy is largely powered by various forms of agriculture, fishing, and hydroelectric power. Oregon is also the top timber producer of the contiguous United States, and the timber industry dominated the state's economy in the 20th century. Technology is another one of Oregon's major economic forces, beginning in the 1970s with the establishment of the Silicon Forest and the expansion of Tektronix and Intel. Sportswear company Nike, Inc., headquartered in Beaverton, is the state's largest public corporation with an annual revenue of $30.6 billion.\n\n", "Q3101659": "(George) Iain Murray, 10th Duke of Atholl DL (19 June 1931 \u2013 27 February 1996), known as Wee Iain, was a Scottish peer and landowner.", "Q11972": "The canton of Aargau (German: Kanton Aargau [\u02c8a\u02d0r\u0261a\u028a] (listen); sometimes Latinized as Argovia; see also other names) is one of the more northerly cantons of Switzerland. It is situated by the lower course of the Aare, which is why the canton is called Aar-gau (meaning \"Aare province\"). It is one of the most densely populated regions of Switzerland.", "Q519851": "Juan Gelman (3 May 1930 \u2013 14 January 2014) was an Argentine poet. He published more than twenty books of poetry between 1956 and his death in early 2014. He was a naturalized citizen of Mexico, country where he arrived as a political exile of the Military Junta.\nIn 2007, Gelman was awarded the Cervantes Prize, the most important in Spanish literature. His works celebrate life but are also tempered with social and political commentary and reflect his own painful experiences with the politics of Argentina.", "Q794267": "Valeria Raquel Mazza (Spanish pronunciation: [ba\u02c8le\u027eja \u02c8masa], Italian: [\u02c8mattsa]; born 17 February 1972) is an Argentine supermodel and businesswoman. Mazza rose to prominence in the 1990s and became a household name after appearing on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue of 1996 alongside Tyra Banks. Mazza worked for fashion designers such as Gianni Versace and Roberto Cavalli.\n\n", "Q313841": "John James Osborne (12 December 1929 \u2013 24 December 1994) was an English playwright, screenwriter and actor, known for his excoriating prose and intense critical stance towards established social and political norms. The success of his 1956 play Look Back in Anger transformed English theatre.\nIn a productive life of more than 40 years, Osborne explored many themes and genres, writing for stage, film and TV. His personal life was extravagant and iconoclastic. He was notorious for the ornate violence of his language, not only on behalf of the political causes he supported but also against his own family, including his wives and children.\nOsborne was one of the first writers to address Britain's purpose in the post-imperial age. During his peak (1956\u20131966), he helped make contempt an acceptable onstage emotion.", "Q229263": "Alyson Rae Stoner (born August 11, 1993) is an American actress, singer and dancer. She is known for her roles in Cheaper by the Dozen (2003), Cheaper by the Dozen 2 (2005), The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (2005\u20132007), Camp Rock (2008), Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam (2010) and the Step Up franchise (2006\u20132014).\nShe has been a dancer for several artists, such as Missy Elliott, Eminem, Kumbia Kings, Outkast and Will Smith. Her television roles include serving as the host of Disney Channel's Mike's Super Short Show (2001\u20132007) for voicing Isabella Garcia-Shapiro in Phineas and Ferb (2007\u20132015). She has further lent her voice to the Kingdom Hearts franchise (2008\u20132019) and the Holly Hobbie and Friends film series (2006\u20132008).\nOutside of acting, Stoner has also embarked on a music career, releasing 12 singles and 2 extended plays.", "Q433060": "Daniel Dale Johnston (January 22, 1961 \u2013 c. September 11, 2019) was an American singer-songwriter and visual artist regarded as a significant figure in outsider, lo-fi, and alternative music scenes. Most of his work consisted of cassettes recorded alone in his home, and his music was frequently cited for its \"pure\" and \"childlike\" qualities.Johnston spent extended periods in psychiatric institutions and was diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. He gathered a local following in the 1980s by passing out tapes of his music while working at a McDonald's in Austin, Texas. His cult status was propelled when Nirvana's Kurt Cobain was seen wearing a T-shirt that featured artwork from Johnston's 1983 album Hi, How Are You.Beyond music, Johnston was accomplished as a visual artist, with his illustrations exhibited at various galleries around the world. In 2005, his struggles with mental illness was the subject of the documentary The Devil and Daniel Johnston. He died in 2019 of what is suspected to have been a heart attack.", "Q113635": "Helmut Sohmen (born 10 December 1939 in Linz, Austria) is an Austrian lawyer and businessman in Hong Kong. He was chairman of BW Group and a former Hong Kong legislator. He was formerly managing director of Dragon Air.In 2010 he was on the Forbes list with an estimated fortune of US$1.4 billion, the fourth-placed Austrian. In 2009 he was listed as the 13th richest person in Hong Kong.", "Q236343": "Genevieve Knight Hannelius (born December 22, 1998) is an American actress and singer. She starred as Avery Jennings in the Disney Channel sitcom Dog with a Blog. Prior to this, she had recurring roles in the Disney Channel series Sonny with a Chance and Good Luck Charlie. She has also starred in Leo Little's Big Show and has done voice work as Rosebud in the Air Buddies films. She also guest starred in Disney Channel's series Jessie.", "Q60153": "Otto Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von der Wenge Graf Lambsdorff, known as Otto Graf Lambsdorff, (20 December 1926 \u2013 5 December 2009) was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party.", "Q1950363": "Mount Auburn Cemetery is the first rural, or garden, cemetery in the United States, located on the line between Cambridge and Watertown in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Boston. It is the burial site of many prominent members of the Boston Brahmins, as well being a National Historic Landmark.\nDedicated in 1831 and set with classical monuments in a rolling landscaped terrain, it marked a distinct break with Colonial-era burying grounds and church-affiliated graveyards. The appearance of this type of landscape coincides with the rising popularity of the term \"cemetery,\" derived from the Greek for \"a sleeping place,\" instead of graveyard. This language and outlook eclipsed the previous harsh view of death and the afterlife embodied by old graveyards and church burial plots.The 174-acre (70 ha) cemetery is important both for its historical aspects and for its role as an arboretum. It is Watertown's largest contiguous open space and extends into Cambridge to the east, adjacent to the Cambridge City Cemetery and Sand Banks Cemetery. It was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 2003 for its pioneering role in 19th-century cemetery development.", "Q155106": "Arturo P\u00e9rez-Reverte Guti\u00e9rrez (born 25 November 1951 in Cartagena) is a Spanish novelist and journalist. He worked as a war correspondent for RTVE and was a war correspondent for 21 years (1973\u20131994). His first novel, El h\u00fasar, set in the Napoleonic Wars, was released in 1986. He is well known outside Spain for his \"Alatriste\" series of novels. He is now a member of the Royal Spanish Academy, a position he has held since 12 June 2003.", "Q1752623": "Roberto Pisani Marinho (December 3, 1904 \u2013 August 6, 2003) was a Brazilian businessman who was the owner of media conglomerate Grupo Globo from 1925 to 2003, and during this period expanded the company from newspapers to radio and television. Born and raised in Rio de Janeiro, Marinho inherited the newspaper O Globo and began working there as a reporter. Later he became the chief editor. Marinho founded and was the president of the Brazilian TV channel, Rede Globo, the biggest television network in the country; it now has 123 stations and associates.Marinho is considered one of the most influential and powerful figures of the 20th century.", "Q569408": "Meshuggah ()\nis a Swedish extreme metal band from Ume\u00e5, formed in 1987. Meshuggah's line-up consists of founding members vocalist Jens Kidman and lead guitarist Fredrik Thordendal, drummer Tomas Haake, who joined in 1990, rhythm guitarist M\u00e5rten Hagstr\u00f6m, who joined in 1993 and bassist Dick L\u00f6vgren since 2004.\n\nMeshuggah first attracted international attention with the 1995 release Destroy Erase Improve for its fusion of fast-tempo death metal, thrash metal, progressive metal and jazz fusion elements. Since its 2004 EP I, Meshuggah has switched from seven-string to down-tuned eight-string guitars. Meshuggah has become known for their innovative musical style, complex, polymetered song structures and polyrhythms. Meshuggah was labelled as one of the ten most important hard rock and heavy metal bands by Rolling Stone and as the most important band in metal by Alternative Press. Meshuggah is a significant act in extreme underground music, an influence for modern metal bands and has a cult following. In the late 2000s, the band was an inspiration for the djent subgenre within progressive metal and in 2018, Meshuggah was nominated for a Grammy Award for their song \"Clockworks\" under the \"Best Metal Performance\" category.Since its formation, Meshuggah has released eight studio albums, six EPs and eight music videos. The band has performed in various international festivals, including Ozzfest and Download, and embarked on the obZen world tour from 2008 to 2010, and also the \"Ophidian Trek\", in which they recorded live versions of their more popular songs, including \"Bleed\" and \"New Millennium Cyanide Christ\", from obZen and Chaosphere respectively. In 2006 and 2009, the band was nominated for a Swedish Grammis Award. Nothing and the albums that followed have all charted on the Billboard 200. Meshuggah's latest studio album, The Violent Sleep of Reason, was released on 7 October 2016, debuting at number 17 in the US.", "Q455483": "Joan Peters (n\u00e9e Friedman; April 29, 1936 \u2013 January 5, 2015), later Caro, was the author of the best-selling, controversial, 1984 book From Time Immemorial, in which she argued that Palestinians are largely not indigenous to modern Israel and therefore do not have a claim to its territory. The book was criticized by some scholars such as Norman Finkelstein, Noam Chomsky, Edward Said and Yehoshua Porath.", "Q3099164": "Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla (French pronunciation: \u200b[filip \u0292\u0251\u0303 byno va\u0281ija]) (1859\u20131940), commonly referred to as simply Philippe Bunau-Varilla, was a French engineer and soldier. With the assistance of American lobbyist and lawyer William Nelson Cromwell, Bunau-Varilla greatly influenced the Washington's decision concerning the construction site for the famed Panama Canal. He also worked closely with President Theodore Roosevelt in the latter's orchestration of the Panamanian Revolution.", "Q740036": "Genesis Breyer P-Orridge (22 February 1950 \u2013 14 March 2020) was an English singer-songwriter, musician, poet, performance artist, and occultist. They rose to notability as the founder of the COUM Transmissions artistic collective and lead vocalist of seminal industrial band Throbbing Gristle. P-Orridge was also a founding member of Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth occult group, and fronted the experimental band Psychic TV. P-Orridge preferred gender-neutral pronouns when being described.Born in Manchester as Neil Andrew Megson, P-Orridge developed an early interest in art, occultism, and the avant-garde while at Solihull School. After dropping out of studies at the University of Hull, P-Orridge moved into a counter-cultural commune in London and adopted Genesis P-Orridge as a nom-de-guerre. On returning to Hull, P-Orridge founded COUM Transmissions with Cosey Fanni Tutti, and in 1973 P-Orridge relocated to London. COUM's confrontational performance work, dealing with such subjects as sex work, pornography, serial killers, and occultism, represented a concerted attempt to challenge societal norms and attracted the attention of the national press. COUM's 1976 Prostitution show at London's Institute of Contemporary Arts was particularly vilified by tabloids, gaining them the moniker of the \"wreckers of civilisation.\" P-Orridge's band, Throbbing Gristle, grew out of COUM, and were active from 1975 to 1981 as pioneers in the industrial music genre. In 1981, P-Orridge co-founded Psychic TV, an experimental band that from 1988 onward came under the increasing influence of acid house.\nIn 1981, P-Orridge co-founded Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth, an informal occult order influenced by chaos magic and experimental music. P-Orridge was often seen as the group's leader, but rejected that position, and left the group in 1991. Amid the Satanic ritual abuse hysteria, a 1992 Channel 4 documentary accused P-Orridge of sexually abusing children, resulting in a police investigation. P-Orridge was subsequently cleared and Channel 4 retracted their allegation. P-Orridge left the United Kingdom as a result of the incident and settled in New York City. There, P-Orridge married Jacqueline Mary Breyer, later known as Lady Jaye, in 1995, and together they embarked on the Pandrogeny Project, an attempt to unite as a \"pandrogyne\", or single entity, through the use of surgical body modification to physically resemble one another. P-Orridge continued with this project of body modification after Lady Jaye's 2007 death. Although involved in reunions of both Throbbing Gristle and Psychic TV in the 2000s, P-Orridge retired from music to focus on other artistic mediums in 2009. P-Orridge was credited on over 200 releases.\nA controversial figure with an anti-establishment stance, P-Orridge was heavily criticised by the British press and politicians. P-Orridge was cited as an icon within the avant-garde art scene, accrued a cult following, and has been given the moniker of the \"Godparent of Industrial Music\".\n\n", "Q68269": "Pf\u00e4ffikon is a municipality in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district of the same name. It is not to be confused with Pf\u00e4ffikon SZ on Lake Zurich but in the canton of Schwyz.", "Q69177": "Emmetten is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland.", "Q30002": "Chengdu (Sichuanese pronunciation: [ts\u02b0\u0259n\u02e8\u02e9tu\u02e5], Standard Mandarin pronunciation: [\u0288\u0282\u02b0\u0259\u030c\u014b.t\u00fa] (listen), UK: , US: ), alternatively romanized as Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of the Chinese province of Sichuan. It is one of the three most-populous cities in Western China, the other two being Chongqing and Xi'an. As of 2014, the administrative area housed 14,427,500 inhabitants, the largest in Sichuan, with an urban population of 10,152,632. At the time of the 2010 census, Chengdu was the fifth-most populous agglomeration in China, with 10,484,996 inhabitants in the built-up area including Xinjin County and Deyang's Guanghan City. Chengdu is considered a World City with a \"Beta +\" classification, according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.Chengdu is located in central Sichuan. The surrounding Chengdu Plain is known as the \"Country of Heaven\" (Chinese: \u5929\u5e9c\u4e4b\u56fd; pinyin: Ti\u0101nf\u01d4 zhi Gu\u00f3) and the \"Land of Abundance\". Its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui culture. The site of Dujiangyan, an ancient irrigation system, is designated as a World Heritage Site. The Jin River flows through the city.\nFounded by the state of Shu prior to its incorporation into China, Chengdu is unique as a major Chinese settlement that has maintained its name mostly unchanged throughout the imperial, republican, and communist eras. It was the capital of Liu Bei's Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms Era, as well as several other local kingdoms during the Middle Ages. During World War II, refugees from eastern China fleeing from the Japanese settled in Chengdu. After the war, Chengdu's importance as a link between Eastern and Western China expanded, with railways built to Chongqing in 1952, and Kunming and Tibet afterwards. In the 1960s, Chengdu became an important centre of China's national defense industry.\nChengdu is now one of the most important economic, financial, commercial, cultural, transportation, and communication centers in Western China. Its economy is diverse, characterized by the machinery, automobile, medicine, food, and information technology industries. Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport, a hub of Air China and Sichuan Airlines, is one of the 30 busiest airports in the world, and the Chengdu railway station is one of the six biggest in China. Chengdu also hosts many international companies and more than 12 consulates; more than 270 Fortune 500 companies have established branches in Chengdu. Chengdu is the seat of the Western Theatre Command region of the People's Liberation Army. Chengdu will host the FISU Summer World University Games in 2021, an international multi-sport event. It is considered one of the most livable cities in China.Chengdu's culture largely reflects that of its province, Sichuan; in 2011, it was recognized by UNESCO as a city of gastronomy. It is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.\n\n", "Q269121": "Jimmy Soul (born James Louis McCleese; August 24, 1942 \u2013 June 25, 1988) was an American vocalist. He is best remembered for his 1963 number one hit, \"If You Wanna Be Happy.\"", "Q2656667": "Ulf Gunnar Ekberg (born 6 December 1970), also known as Buddha, is a Swedish singer-songwriter, musician, businessman and television and film producer, best known as a founding member of the pop group Ace of Base, along with siblings Jonas Berggren, Linn Berggren and Jenny Berggren.", "Q93965": "John Gudenus (23 November 1940 \u2013 15 September 2016) was an Austrian member of the Federal Council of Austria on a free mandate (formerly as a member of the Freedom Party of Austria), and colonel of the Austrian Bundesheer.\nIn 2006, Gudenus received a one-year suspended sentence for breaking the Verbotsgesetz, Austria's laws against denying or diminishing the Holocaust. Gudenus had suggested that it was necessary to verify the existence of gas chambers in Nazi Germany and later remarked that there had been gas chambers in Poland but not in Germany.Austria's Der Standard newspaper argued that these two remarks were \"cynical and humiliating\", and show contempt for the Verbotsgesetz.John Gudenus is father of FP\u00d6 politician Johann Gudenus.", "Q324753": "Tyler Garcia Posey (born October 18, 1991) is an American actor, musician, model, director and producer, best known for his role as Scott McCall on the MTV series Teen Wolf (2011\u20132017)..", "Q330726": "For the fictional television character, see David Langton (General Hospital)David Muir Langton (born Basil Muir Langton-Dodds; 16 April 1912 \u2013 25 April 1994) was a British actor who is best remembered for playing Richard Bellamy in the period drama Upstairs, Downstairs.", "Q87910": "Fritz Katzmann, also known as Friedrich Katzmann, (6 May 1906 \u2013 19 September 1957) was a German SS and police official during the Nazi era. He perpetrated genocide in the cities of Katowice, Radom, Lemberg (Lw\u00f3w), Danzig (Gda\u0144sk), and across the Nazi German District of Galicia during the Holocaust in occupied Poland, making him a major figure during the Holocaust there. \nKatzmann was responsible for many of the atrocities that were perpetrated by the SS during Operation Barbarossa. He personally directed the slaughter of between 55,000 and 65,000 Jews of Lemberg in 1941-1942 followed by mass deportations to death camps including Janowska (pictured). In 1943, Katzmann wrote a top-secret report summarizing Operation Reinhard in Galicia. The Katzmann Report is now considered one of the most important pieces of evidence of the extermination process. He managed to escape prosecution after the war, living under a false identity.", "Q72231": "Hugo Johannes Blaschke (14 November 1881 \u2013 6 December 1959) was a German dental surgeon notable for being Adolf Hitler\u2019s personal dentist from 1933 to April 1945 and for being the chief dentist on the staff of Reichsf\u00fchrer-SS Heinrich Himmler.", "Q184549": "Licinius (; Latin: Gaius Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus; c. 263 \u2013 325) was a Roman emperor from 308 to 324. For most of his reign he was the colleague and rival of Constantine I, with whom he co-authored the Edict of Milan (AD 313) that granted official toleration to Christians in the Roman Empire. He was finally defeated at the Battle of Chrysopolis (AD 324), and was later executed on the orders of Constantine I.", "Q130952": "Have Dreams, Will Travel (also known as West Texas Lullaby, A West Texas Children's Story, and Dream It Out Loud) is a 2007 drama film set in the 1960s. Inspired by true events, it was written and directed by Brad Isaacs and stars AnnaSophia Robb and Cayden Boyd.", "Q796316": "BMG Rights Management GmbH (also known simply as BMG) is an international music company based in Berlin, Germany. It combines the activities of a music publisher and a record label.BMG was founded in October 2008 after Bertelsmann sold its stake in Sony BMG. From 2009 to 2013, the investment firm KKR held 51% of the company, which became one of the world's largest music publishers during that time. BMG is 100% owned by Bertelsmann and one of the group's eight business divisions. The portfolio includes rights in songs and recordings by artists such as Kylie Minogue, Avril Lavigne, The Rolling Stones, The Cranberries, Jason Aldean, David Bowie, Chrissie Hynde, Nena, Roger Waters, Iggy Pop, Quincy Jones, Lenny Kravitz and Morrissey.", "Q994656": "Donald Ross Cherry (January 11, 1924 \u2013 April 4, 2018) was an American traditional pop music and big band singer and golfer. In music, he is best known for his 1955 hit \"Band of Gold\".\n\n", "Q224021": "Donna Reed (born Donna Belle Mullenger; January 27, 1921 \u2013 January 14, 1986) was an American film, television actress, and producer. Her career spanned more than 40 years, with performances in more than 40 films. She is well known for her role as Mary Hatch Bailey in Frank Capra's 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life. In 1953, she received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as Lorene Burke in the war drama From Here to Eternity.\nReed is known for her work in television, notably as Donna Stone, a middle-class American mother and housewife in the sitcom The Donna Reed Show (1958\u201366), in which her character was more assertive than most other television mothers of the era. She received numerous Emmy Award nominations for this role and the Golden Globe Award for Best TV Star in 1963. Later in her career, Reed replaced Barbara Bel Geddes as Miss Ellie Ewing Farlow in the 1984\u201385 season of the television melodrama Dallas; she sued the production company for breach of contract when she was abruptly fired upon Bel Geddes' decision to return to the show.", "Q1474884": "In art history, the High Renaissance is a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states, particularly Rome, capital of the Papal States, and in Florence, during the Italian Renaissance. Most art historians state that the High Renaissance started around 1495 or 1500 and ended in 1520 with the death of Raphael, although some say the High Renaissance ended about 1525, or in 1527 with the Sack of Rome by the army of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, or about 1530 (see next section for specific art historians\u2019 positions). The best-known exponents of painting, sculpture and architecture of the High Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and Bramante. In recent years, the use of the term has been frequently criticized by some academic art historians for oversimplifying artistic developments, ignoring historical context, and focusing only on a few iconic works.", "Q193035": "Sergio Badilla Castillo (born November 30, 1947 in Valparaiso, Chile) is a Chilean poet and the founder of poetic transrealism in contemporary poetry. He is considered the Latin American poet with the broadest Nordic influence, from the Finnish poets, Edith S\u00f6dergran, Elmer Diktonius, Paavo Haavikko, Pentti Saarikoski and the Swedes Gunnar Ekel\u00f6f, Tomas Transtr\u00f6mer and Lars Gustafsson.", "Q120599": "Jerzy Putrament (14 November 1910 \u2013 23 June 1986) was a Polish writer, poet, editor, publicist and politician.", "Q117335": "Alexandre Den\u00e9r\u00e9az or Alexandre D\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9az (31 July 1875 \u2013 25 July 1947) was a Swiss musician, composer, organist and teacher in the Canton of Vaud.", "Q107126": "Arlington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia, often referred to simply as Arlington or Arlington, Virginia. The county is situated in Northern Virginia on the southwestern bank of the Potomac River directly across from the District of Columbia, of which it was once a part. The county is coterminous with the U.S. Census Bureau's census-designated place of Arlington. Arlington is considered to be the second-largest \"principal city\" of the Washington metropolitan area.\nIn 2019, the county's population was estimated at 236,842, making Arlington the sixth-largest county in Virginia by population; if it were incorporated as a city, would be the fourth-most populous city in the state. With a land area of 26 square miles (67 km2), Arlington is the geographically smallest self-governing county in the U.S., and by reason of state law regarding population density, it has no incorporated towns within its borders. It is the 5th highest-income county in the U.S. by median family income.Due to the county's proximity to downtown Washington, D.C., Arlington is home to the Pentagon, Reagan National Airport, and Arlington National Cemetery. In academia, the county contains George Mason University's Antonin Scalia Law School, the administrative offices buildings and graduate programs for the Schar School of Policy and Government and School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, as well as satellite campuses of the University of Virginia and Virginia Tech. It will soon house Amazon HQ2, the co-headquarters of Amazon.", "Q1894335": "Mario Levi (born 1957 in Istanbul is one of the most important modern novelists of Turkish literature.", "Q222450": "Zurich University of the Arts (ZHdK, German: Z\u00fcrcher Hochschule der K\u00fcnste) has approximately 2,500 students, which makes it the largest arts university in Switzerland. The university was established in 2007, following the merger between Zurich's School of Art and Design (HGKZ) and the School of Music, Drama, and Dance (HMT). ZHdK is one of four universities affiliated to Z\u00fcrcher Fachhochschule.\nZHdK offers Bachelor's and master's degree courses and further education programmes in art, design, music, art education, theatre, film, dance, transdisciplinary studies as well as PhD programmes in collaboration with different international Art Uniuversities and with ETH Zurich. ZHdK holds an active role in research, especially in artistic research and design research.Affiliated to ZHdK are the Museum of Design, Zurich, the Theater der K\u00fcnste (Theatre of the Arts), the Mehrspur Music Club, and the Media and Information Centre (MIZ).", "Q255800": "Susan Peters (born Suzanne Carnahan; July 3, 1921 \u2013 October 23, 1952) was an American film, stage, and television actress who appeared in over twenty films over the course of her decade-long career. Though she began her career in uncredited and ing\u00e9nue roles, she would establish herself as a serious dramatic actress in the mid-1940s.\nBorn in Spokane, Washington, Peters was raised by her widowed mother in Portland, Oregon and later, Los Angeles. Upon graduating from high school, she studied acting with Austrian theater director Max Reinhardt, and signed a contract with Warner Bros. Pictures. She appeared in numerous bit parts before earning a minor supporting role in Santa Fe Trail (1940). She made her last film for Warner Bros. in 1942, the film noir The Big Shot opposite Humphrey Bogart and Richard Travis; after its release, Warner opted not to renew her contract.\nIn 1942, Peters appeared in a supporting role in Tish, which resulted in her signing a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). The same year, she had a featured role in the Mervyn LeRoy-directed drama Random Harvest, which earned her an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress and established her as a serious dramatic performer. Peters went on to appear as the lead in numerous films for MGM, including roles in the romantic comedy Young Ideas (1943), and several war films: Assignment in Brittany (1943), Song of Russia (1944), and Keep Your Powder Dry (1945).\nOn New Year's Day 1945, Peters's spinal cord was damaged from an accidental gunshot wound, leaving her permanently paraplegic. She returned to film portraying a wheelchair-bound villain in The Sign of the Ram (1948). Peters then transitioned to theater, appearing as Laura Wingfield in a critically acclaimed 1949 production of Tennessee Williams's The Glass Menagerie, which was slightly altered to allow Peters to perform in a wheelchair. She followed this with a production of The Barretts of Wimpole Street, in which she portrayed crippled poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning. By 1952, however, Peters had been suffering from clinical depression for several years due to the dissolution of her marriage and her limited career options. In late 1952 she began starving herself, which combined with her paralysis led to chronic kidney infections and pneumonia. She died of ensuing health complications that year at age 31.", "Q213855": "Albert Karl Theodor Reuss German pronunciation: [ \u0280\u0254\u028f\u032fs or \u0281\u0254\u028f\u032fs] (June 28, 1855 \u2013 October 28, 1923) was an Anglo-German tantric occultist, freemason, alleged police agent, journalist, singer and head of Ordo Templi Orientis.", "Q158436": "Ernst K\u0159enek (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8kr\u031d\u025bn\u025bk], August 23, 1900 \u2013 December 22, 1991) was an Austrian, later American, composer of Czech origin. He explored atonality and other modern styles and wrote a number of books, including Music Here and Now (1939), a study of Johannes Ockeghem (1953), and Horizons Circled: Reflections on my Music (1974). Krenek wrote two pieces using the pseudonym Thornton Winsloe.", "Q379454": "Peder Christian Andersen, often shortened to P. Chr. Andersen (5 April 1892 \u2013 12 March 1964) was a Norwegian sports official and journalist.\nHe was born in Sagene as a son of a weaver. He finished middle school in 1909, and was employed in the magazine Sport. His most notable assignment here was reporting from the 1912 Summer Olympics, the stay at which he paid himself. He was hired in the labour movement newspaper Social-Demokraten as a sports journalist. He left for political reasons in 1919 and was hired in Aftenposten. He was promoted to sub-editor in 1925 and news editor in 1945. He retired in 1963. He is known for recruiting Sverre Mitsem to write the satirical column \"SORRY e. Trollhaugens Tass\" for Aftenposten. Mitsem did so from 1946 to 1996. Andersen also founded, published and edited the magazine Idrettsliv from 1915 to 1928. In 1945 he contributed to Oslopressen. He wrote several books.Andersen was active in the sport of association football, and officiated matches at the 1924 Summer Olympics as well as three Norwegian football cup finals and the inauguration match of Ullevaal stadion in 1926. He co-founded and played for SFK Njord from 1912; the club was a predecessor of Skeid. He was a board member of the Football Association of Norway from 1914 to 1918 and 1926 to 1926, and secretary from 1918 to 1925. He also commented football matches in the early age of Norwegian radio. Among the notable tournaments commented by Andersen were Football at the 1936 Summer Olympics and the 1938 FIFA World Cup.Andersen received the Narvesen Prize for journalism in 1960, and was decorated with the Order of the Dannebrog. He was married to Mimi Petersen (1893\u20131975) since 1919, had two daughters, and died in March 1964 in Oslo.", "Q62036": "Princess Alexandra Amalie of Bavaria (26 August 1826 \u2013 21 September 1875) was a member of the House of Wittelsbach and devoted her life to literature.", "Q4401409": "Vyacheslav Rybakov (Russian: \u0412\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u044b\u0431\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432; born January 1954, in Leningrad) is a well known Soviet and Russian science fiction author and an orientalist, interested in the medieval bureaucracy of China. He received a 1987 Governmental Award of the RSFSR for writing the screenplay for the film Dead Man's Letters.", "Q234226": "Dominique Swain (born August 12, 1980) is an American actress and producer. She is best known for her roles as the title character in the 1997 film adaptation of Lolita, and as Sean Archer's daughter, Jamie, in the action-thriller Face/Off (1997). She worked predominantly in independent films throughout the late 90s and early 2000s. Her other credits include Girl (1998), Happy Campers (2001), Tart (2001), Pumpkin (2002), and Alpha Dog (2006). She has since starred in a succession of horror films. In 2002, she appeared in the music video for the Moby song \"We Are All Made of Stars\".", "Q378992": "The Union Underground is an American nu metal band based out of San Antonio, Texas, United States. Original band members included Bryan Scott, Patrick Kennison, John Moyer and Josh Memolo. They released one major label album, ...An Education in Rebellion, in July 2000 which featured the hit single \"Turn Me on 'Mr. Deadman'.\"", "Q121693": "Svava Jakobsd\u00f3ttir (October 4, 1930, \u2013 February 21, 2004) was one of Iceland's foremost 20th Century authors and feminist politicians. As a writer her work was characterized by \"unique brand of surreal feminism.\" Her father (Hans) Jakob J\u00f3nsson was a Lutheran minister. From 1935 to 1940 he and his family lived in Wynyard, Saskatchewan where he served as the pastor of the Icelandic-Canadian congregation. She graduated from Smith College in 1952. After that she studied at Somerville College, Oxford. She was a member of the Althing, the Icelandic parliament, from 1971 to 1979 for the left-wing party Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubandalagi\u00f0 (People's Alliance). Her best-known works are the novel Gunnla\u00f0ar saga (The Saga of Gunnlod), the novella Leigjandinn (The Lodger) and the macabre short story \"Saga handa b\u00f6rnum\" (\"A Story for Children\"). Besides prose she also wrote poetry and plays. She won the Henrik Steffens Award in 1997.", "Q815348": "Christian Democracy (Italian: Democrazia Cristiana, DC) was a Christian democratic political party in Italy.\nThe DC was founded in 1943 (in Nazi-occupied Italy) as the ideal successor of the Italian People's Party, which had the same symbol, a crossed shield (scudo crociato). A Catholic-inspired, centrist, catch-all party comprising both right- and left-leaning political factions, the DC played a dominant role in the politics of Italy for fifty years, from its inception in 1944 until its final demise in 1994 amid the Tangentopoli scandals. The party was nicknamed the White Whale (Balena bianca), due to party's huge organization and to its official color.From 1946 until 1994 the DC was the largest party in Parliament, governing in successive coalitions. It originally led governments supported by both centre-left Democratic Socialists and centre-right Liberals, before moving to centre-left coalitions including the Socialist Party.\nThe party was succeeded by a string of smaller parties, including the Italian People's Party, the Christian Democratic Centre, the United Christian Democrats, and the still active Union of the Centre. Former Christian Democrats are also spread among other parties, including the centre-right Forza Italia and the centre-left Democratic Party.\nThe DC was a founding member of the European People's Party in 1976.", "Q65759": "Lindau is a municipality in the district of Pf\u00e4ffikon in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q147516": "Magical realism, magic realism, or marvelous realism is a style of fiction that paints a realistic view of the modern world while also adding magical elements. It is sometimes called fabulism, in reference to the conventions of fables, myths, and allegory. \"Magical realism\", perhaps the most common term, often refers to fiction and literature in particular, with magic or the supernatural presented in an otherwise real-world or mundane setting, commonly seen in novels and dramatic performances. It is considered a subgenre of fantasy.\nThe terms are broadly descriptive rather than critically rigorous. Matthew Strecher defines magic realism as \"what happens when a highly detailed, realistic setting is invaded by something too strange to believe\". Many writers are categorized as \"magical realists\", which confuses the term and its wide definition. Irene Guenther tackles the German roots of the term, and how art is related to literature. Magical realism is often associated with Latin American literature, particularly authors including genre founders Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez, Miguel Angel Asturias, Jorge Luis Borges, Elena Garro, Mireya Robles, Juan Rulfo, R\u00f3mulo Gallegos, Arturo Uslar Pietri, and Isabel Allende. In English literature, its chief exponents include Salman Rushdie, Alice Hoffman, Nick Joaquin, and Nicola Barker. In Bengali literature, prominent writers of magic realism include Nabarun Bhattacharya, Akhteruzzaman Elias, Shahidul Zahir, Jibanananda Das, Syed Waliullah, Nasreen Jahan and Humayun Ahmed. In Japanese literature, one of the most important authors of this genre is Haruki Murakami. In Polish literature magic realism is represented by Olga Tokarczuk, Nobel Prize in Literature laureate.", "Q101543": "Alfred Loritz (born 24 April 1902 in Munich \u2013 died 14 April 1979 in Vienna) was a German lawyer and politician who briefly rose to prominence in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War.\nA Munich lawyer, the Catholic Loritz was a right-wing opponent of the Nazi regime and in early 1939 he made contact with a group of Bavarian monarchists in an ultimately abortive attempt to foment discontent. Ultimately he would spend most of the war in exile in Switzerland.In 1945 he established his own political party, the Wirtschaftliche Aufbau-Vereinigung (WAV), and soon gained a reputation as a demagogic speaker. A believer in a strong federal Germany, Loritz's fiery rhetoric attracted attention both in Germany itself and from the occupiers, with some even suggesting that he might prove to be \"a new Hitler\". However whilst he belonged to the political right Loritz's populism lacked a strong ideological basis and he appealed mainly to internal refugees who saw him as a strong voice for their defence. He was also a strong advocate of denazification and under the Bavarian government of Hans Ehard he was chosen to head up a special ministry for that purpose.Always an at best loose organisation, the WAV won twelve seats in the Bundestag in the 1949 election but by this point had already largely disintegrated as an organisation and saw their vote collapse in the state elections of 1950 and the municipal elections of 1952, by which point their vote share fell to 0.3%. In the Bundestag the party quickly fell apart, with four deputies breaking away in October 1950 to link up with the Centre Party. This was followed by six more in December 1951 leaving WAV to join the German Party along with a seventh who joined the Deutsche Rechtspartei. Loritz was thus left as the sole member in the Bundestag and, although a handful of far right independents linked up with him in 1953, his influence was largely gone.In the late 1950s Loritz sought to relaunch his political career in Bremen but before this could take off he was arrested on charges of incitement to perjury. Loritz however escaped to Austria where he was eventually granted political asylum. He would live out his days there, dying in a Vienna hospital in 1979.", "Q55842": "Kazimierz Aleksander Sabbat (27 February 1913 \u2013 19 July 1989), was President of Poland in Exile from 8 April 1986 until his death, 19 July 1989, after serving (from 1976) as Prime Minister of the Polish Government in Exile.", "Q89929": "Adolf Freiherr von Asch zu Asch auf Oberndorff was a Bavarian military officer.\n\nBorn in Munich on 30 October 1839, Asch joined the Bavarian Army as an unterleutnant in 1859. In 1866, during the Austro-Prussian War, Asch was an oberleutnant; during the Franco-Prussian War, he was adjutant to General Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen. From 1874 to 1885, Asch served in the Bavarian General Staff before commanding the 1st Royal Bavarian Division as a oberst. In 1889 he was promoted to generalmajor, and four years later took command of the 2nd Royal Bavarian Division. From 5 June 1893 through 4 April 1905, Asch was the Bavarian Minister of War and oversaw: expansion of the Bavarian Army: organization and practical training of the Bavarian Army; establishment of the III Army Corps based in Nuremberg (1900), organization of the field artillery; establishment of the first Bavarian machine gun department; formation of the first detachments hunter on horseback\nAsch retired from the military in 1905 at the rank of general of the infantry. He died in Munich on 18 February 1906.", "Q408784": "Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Airlinair, simply known as Airlinair, was a French regional airline based in Rungis, France, operating scheduled regional flights (some of which were on behalf of Air France), and aircraft lease services. The airline has set up bases at Paris-Orly Airport and Lyon-Saint Exup\u00e9ry Airport. As an Air France regional partner, it also offered flights from Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport\nAirlinair, along with R\u00e9gional and Airlinair, was fully merged in HOP! since 2017 after a year of negotiation process.", "Q54584": "Andrew Stephen Roddick (born August 30, 1982) is an American former world No. 1 professional tennis player.\nRoddick became world No. 1 shortly after he won the title at the 2003 US Open, defeating French Open champion Juan Carlos Ferrero in the final and overtaking him as the top-ranked player in the process. Despite several more years as one of the world's best players, the 2003 US Open title would remain his only Grand Slam triumph. He is the most recent North American male player to win a Grand Slam singles event, reach the top ranking, and claim the year-end world No. 1 ranking (2003). Roddick reached four other Grand Slam finals (Wimbledon in 2004, 2005, and 2009, and the US Open in 2006), losing to nemesis Roger Federer every time. Roddick was ranked in the year-end top 10 for nine consecutive years (2002\u20132010) and won five Masters Series titles in that period. He is married to Brooklyn Decker, a swimwear model and actress.\nOn August 30, 2012, during the 2012 US Open and on his 30th birthday, Roddick announced that he would retire after the tournament. Following a fourth-round defeat by Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro, Roddick retired from the sport to focus on his work at the Andy Roddick Foundation.In 2015, Roddick played for the Austin Aces in World Team Tennis. This was his eighth season in World Team Tennis and the fifth team for which he has played. He was also the 2015 champion of the QQQ Champions Series, a feat that he repeated again in 2017.", "Q16607081": "Sto\u00dftrupp-Hitler or Stosstrupp-Hitler (\"Shock Troop-Hitler\") was a small short-lived bodyguard unit set up specifically for Adolf Hitler in 1923. Notable members included Rudolf Hess, Julius Schreck, Joseph Berchtold, Emil Maurice, Erhard Heiden, Ulrich Graf, and Bruno Gesche.", "Q155112": "Alfred Edmund Brehm (German pronunciation: [\u02c8alf\u0281e\u02d0t \u02c8\u025btm\u028ant b\u0281e\u02d0m]) (2 February 1829 in Unterrenthendorf, now called Renthendorf \u2013 11 November 1884 in Renthendorf) was a German zoologist, writer, director of zoological gardens and the son of Christian Ludwig Brehm, a famous pastor and ornithologist.\nThrough the book title Brehms Tierleben, which he co-authored with Eduard Pechu\u00ebl-Loesche, Wilhelm Haacke, and Richard Schmidtlein, his name became a household word for popular zoological literature.", "Q181425": "Chow Yun-fat SBS (born 18 May 1955), previously known as Donald Chow, is a Hong Kong actor known for his collaborations with filmmaker John Woo in the action heroic bloodshed\u2013genre films A Better Tomorrow, The Killer, and Hard Boiled, and in the West for his roles as Li Mu-bai in Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Sao Feng in Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End. He mainly plays in dramatic films and has won three Hong Kong Film Awards for Best Actor and two Golden Horse Awards for Best Actor in Taiwan.\nIn 2014, Chow was the second-highest earning actor in Hong Kong, earning HK$170 million (US$21.9 million). His reported net worth is HK$5.6 billion (US$714 million).", "Q2371991": "Chemikal Underground is an independent record label set up in 1994 at Glasgow, Scotland by rock band The Delgados. It was set up to release their first single, \"Monica Webster\" / \"Brand New Car\" and went on to break many new Scottish bands in the nineties.\nWhen the second Chemikal Underground release by Bis, The Secret Vampire Soundtrack EP was successful, earning them a slot on Top of the Pops, the label was able to expand. To date, The Secret Vampire Soundtrack is the only Top 40 hit released on Chemikal Underground. Further success followed with the debut albums by Mogwai and Arab Strap. Other bands on the Chemikal Underground roster included Magoo, Aereogramme, Cha Cha Cohen, Sluts of Trust, Suckle, the Radar Brothers and more recently Mother and the Addicts and De Rosa, as well as Arab Strap member Malcolm Middleton's solo work. In 2000, they launched Fukd ID to release limited edition (1000 each of CD and 12\") singles by bands not necessarily on their roster, such as Interpol (Fukd ID #3).", "Q196159": "Agrippina Arkadyevna Dontsova (Russian: \u0410\u0433\u0440\u0438\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430 (\u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0430); born 7 June 1952 in Moscow), primarily known as Darya Dontsova (Russian: \u0414\u0430\u0440\u044c\u044f \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432\u0430) (before marriage known as Vasilyeva) is a Russian writer of detective novels,scriptwriter,TV presenter and member of the Union of Writers of Russia. Winner of a number of literary awards. Over the years, according to official data of the Russian Book Chamber, Dontsova takes the first place in Russia among adult fiction authors on the total annual circulation of books published by it [1]. In 2015, published 117 books and pamphlets total circulation of Dontsova 1968 thousand copies in Russia. [1]", "Q454951": "M\u00edriam Col\u00f3n Valle (August 20, 1936 \u2013 March 3, 2017) was a Puerto Rican actress. Col\u00f3n was the founder and director of the Puerto Rican Traveling Theater in New York City. Beginning her career in the early 1950s, Col\u00f3n started performing on Broadway, later moving into television. Known for appearances on various television shows from the 1960s through the 2010s, Col\u00f3n was perhaps best known for her role as Mama Montana in the 1983 crime film Scarface. In 2014, Col\u00f3n received the National Medal of Arts from President Barack Obama. Col\u00f3n died of complications from a pulmonary infection on March 3, 2017, at the age of 80.", "Q689550": "Plastilina Mosh are a Mexican electronic and alternative rock band formed in 1997. They are part of the musical movement known as Avanzada Regia. Jon\u00e1s Gonz\u00e1lez is the lead singer and guitar player. Alejandro Rosso is more involved with the creative process, providing most of the instrumentation and occasional background vocals.\nAs of 2018, they have released four studio records. The band has achieved, since the release of their 1997 single-debut 'Ni\u00f1o Bomba', both critical and commercial success. The band often mixes several music styles like rap, dance and rock while often switching between English, Spanish, Italian, French and several other languages in the same song.", "Q115536": "Roger Bonvin (12 September 1907, Icogne, Valais \u2013 5 June 1982) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1962-1973).\nBonvin was mayor of Sion from 1955 to 1962.\nHe was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 27 September 1962 and handed over office on 31 December 1973. He was affiliated to the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. \nDuring his office time he held the following departments:\n\nDepartment of Finance (1962 - 1968)\nDepartment of Transport, Communications and Energy (1968 - 1973)He was President of the Confederation twice, in 1967 and 1973.\nThere is a place Roger-Bonvin at Icogne named for him.", "Q216939": "Essaouira (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0629\u200e; Berber: Ta\u1e63\u1e63ort or Amegdul; Portuguese: Mogador) is a city in the western Moroccan region of Me\u1e5b\u1e5bakec-Asfi, on the Atlantic coast.", "Q826782": "Stafford () is the county town of Staffordshire, in the West Midlands of England. It lies about 16 miles (26 km) north of Wolverhampton, 18 miles (29 km) south of Stoke-on-Trent and 24 miles (39 km) north-west of Birmingham. The population in 2011 was 68,472, and that of the wider borough of Stafford 122,000, the third largest in the county after Stoke-on-Trent and Newcastle-under-Lyme.", "Q59925980": "Villaz is a municipality in the district of Gl\u00e2ne in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the former municipalities of Villaz-Saint-Pierre and La Folliaz merged to form the new municipality of Villaz.", "Q112259": "Roland Zielke (born 30 July 1946 in Opladen) is a German politician for the Free Democratic Party.\nHe was elected to the Lower Saxon Landtag in 2003, and has been re-elected on one occasion. (2003-2013)\n\n", "Q76725": "Johann Kaspar Schmidt (25 October 1806 \u2013 26 June 1856), better known as Max Stirner, was a German philosopher who is often seen as one of the forerunners of nihilism, existentialism, psychoanalytic theory, postmodernism, and individualist anarchism. Stirner's main work, The Ego and Its Own, literally known as The Unique And Its Property, or, more colloquially, The Individual and His Property, was first published in 1845 in Leipzig and has since appeared in numerous editions and translations.", "Q4241510": "Exsanguination is the loss of blood to a degree sufficient to cause death. Depending upon the age, health, and fitness level of the individual, people can die from losing half to two-thirds of their blood; a loss of roughly one-third of the blood volume is considered very serious. Even a single deep cut can warrant suturing and hospitalization, especially if trauma, a vein or artery, or another comorbidity is involved. The word originates from Latin.", "Q188401": "Emily Jordan Osment (born March 10, 1992) is an American actress, singer and songwriter. Born and raised in Los Angeles, Osment began her career as a child actress, appearing in numerous television shows and films including Biba from Biba Bear from 1998-2002 before co-starring as Gerti Giggles in Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams (2002) and Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over (2003). She is perhaps best known for her role as Lilly Truscott on the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana (2006\u20132011) and appeared in the theatrical film based on the series, Hannah Montana: The Movie (2009).Osment also appeared as Cassie Keller in The Haunting Hour: Don't Think About It (2007) and as Melissa Morris in the Disney Channel television film Dadnapped (2009). She starred as Taylor Hillridge in the ABC Family television film Cyberbully (2011) and as Roxie on the web television series Cleaners (2013\u20132014). From 2014 to 2018, Osment starred as Gabi Diamond on the Freeform television series Young & Hungry, for which she has received three Teen Choice Award nominations.\nOsment came to prominence in music after recording songs for the soundtracks of her Disney projects, most notably a duet of \"If I Didn't Have You\" with Mitchel Musso in 2007 and a cover of \"Once Upon a Dream\" in 2008. In 2009, she signed with Wind-Up Records, with whom she released one extended play and one studio album, All the Right Wrongs (2009) and Fight or Flight (2010).\n\n", "Q578277": "Chicago Heights is a city and a south suburb of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 30,276 at the 2010 census. Over the years, portions of Chicago Heights has suffered from high levels of crime, poverty, and unemployment. In earlier years, Chicago Heights was nicknamed \"The Crossroads of the Nation\". Currently, it is nicknamed \"The Heights\".", "Q557294": "James Dalton Bell (born 1958) is an American crypto-anarchist who created the idea of arranging for anonymously sponsored assassination payments via the Internet, which he called \"assassination politics\". He was imprisoned on felony charges of tax evasion in 1997. In 2001, Wired called Bell \"[o]ne of the Internet's most famous essayists\" and \"the world's most notorious crypto-convict\".In April 1995, Bell authored the first part of a 10-part essay called \"Assassination Politics\", which described an elaborate assassination market in which anonymous benefactors could securely order the killings of government officials or others who are violating citizens' rights. Following an investigation by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Bell was arrested and subsequently jailed for 11 months on felony charges of harassment and using false Social Security numbers.\nAfter his April 2000 release, Bell publicly announced that he believed that there was extensive Federal Government corruption associated with his 1997\u20132000 criminal case, and that he was going to research the facts and file a lawsuit. Bell filed this lawsuit in 2003. Bell was put under heavy surveillance and rearrested for harassment and stalking of federal agents. He was charged with intimidation and stalking and was convicted and again imprisoned, this time for a decade-long sentence. Bell protested vociferously against the conduct of the trial, going so far as to file civil lawsuits against two judges, at least two prosecutors, his former probation officers, and his defense attorneys, but ultimately to no avail. He was released in December 2009, only to be rearrested in July 2010 for violating his parole conditions. Bell's parole violation hearing resulted in another sentence, and Bell was released on March 12, 2012.", "Q980151": "Jan Peerce (June 3, 1904 \u2013 December 15, 1984) was an American operatic tenor. Peerce was an accomplished performer on the operatic and Broadway concert stages, in solo recitals, and as a recording artist. He is the father of film director Larry Peerce.", "Q756126": "Middle East Technical University (commonly referred to as METU; in Turkish, Orta Do\u011fu Teknik \u00dcniversitesi ODT\u00dc) is a public technical university located in Ankara, Turkey. The university puts special emphasis on research and education in engineering and natural sciences, offering about 40 undergraduate programs within 5 faculties, and 97 masters and 62 doctorate programs within 5 graduate schools. The main campus of METU spans an area of 11,100 acres (4,500 ha), comprising, in addition to academic and auxiliary facilities, a forest area of 7,500 acres (3,000 ha), and the natural lake Eymir. METU has more than 120,000 alumni worldwide. The official language of instruction at METU is English.Over one third of the 1,000 highest scoring students in the national university entrance examination choose to enroll in METU; and most of its departments accept the top 0.1% of the nearly 1.5 million applicants. METU had the greatest share in national research funding by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (T\u00dcB\u0130TAK) in the last five years, and it is the leading university in Turkey in terms of the number of European Union Framework Programme (FP) projects participation. Over 40% of METU's undergraduate alumni choose to pursue graduate studies.", "Q115250": "Lesley-Anne Down (born 17 March 1954) is an English actress, former model, and singer.\nShe achieved fame as Georgina Worsley in the ITV drama series Upstairs, Downstairs (1973\u201375). She received further recognition for her performances in the films The Pink Panther Strikes Again (1976), A Little Night Music (1977), The First Great Train Robbery (1979), Hanover Street (1979), Rough Cut (1980), Sphinx (1981) and Nomads (1986). She is also known as Madeline Fabray in the miniseries North and South (1985\u201386), for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 1986.\nIn 1990, Down played the role Stephanie Rogers in the CBS drama series Dallas. During 1997\u201399, she played Olivia Richards in the NBC series Sunset Beach. From April 2003 to February 2012, she portrayed Jackie Marone in the CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful.", "Q36301": "Anne Jacqueline Hathaway (born November 12, 1982) is an American actress. The recipient of multiple awards, including an Academy Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, and a Golden Globe, she was one of the highest-paid actresses in the world in 2015. Her films have earned over $6.8 billion worldwide, and she appeared in the Forbes Celebrity 100 list in 2009.\nHathaway graduated from Millburn High School in New Jersey, where she acted in several plays. As a teenager, she was cast in the television series Get Real (1999\u20132000) and made her breakthrough as the protagonist in her debut film, the Disney comedy The Princess Diaries (2001). Hathaway made a transition to adult roles with the 2005 dramas Havoc and Brokeback Mountain. The comedy film The Devil Wears Prada (2006), in which she played an assistant to a fashion magazine editor, was her biggest commercial success to that point. She played a recovering alcoholic in the drama Rachel Getting Married (2008), which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She followed this with roles in the commercially successful romantic films Bride Wars (2009), Valentine's Day (2010), Love & Other Drugs (2010), and the fantasy film Alice in Wonderland (2010).\nIn 2012, Hathaway starred as Selina Kyle in her highest-grossing film The Dark Knight Rises, the final installment in The Dark Knight trilogy. That year, she also played Fantine, a prostitute dying of tuberculosis, in the musical romantic drama Les Mis\u00e9rables, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She went on to play a scientist in the science fiction film Interstellar (2014), the owner of an online fashion site in the comedy The Intern (2015), and a haughty actress in the heist film Ocean's 8 (2018). Hathaway has also won an Emmy Award for providing her voice in The Simpsons, sung for soundtracks, appeared on stage, and hosted events.\nHathaway supports several charities and causes. She is a board member of the Lollipop Theatre Network, an organization that brings films to sick children in hospitals, and advocates gender equality as a UN Women goodwill ambassador. She is married to businessman Adam Shulman, with whom she has two sons.\n\n", "Q231438": "Dina Meyer (born December 22, 1968) is an American actress. She began her career appearing in a recurring role on the Fox teen drama series Beverly Hills, 90210 (1993\u201394), before landing a female leading role opposite Keanu Reeves in the 1995 film Johnny Mnemonic.\nMeyer has had starring roles in films Dragonheart (1996), Starship Troopers (1997), Bats (1999), D-Tox (2002), and Star Trek: Nemesis (2002). She played Detective Allison Kerry in the Saw film franchise. On television, Meyer starred as Barbara Gordon/Oracle/Batgirl in the short-lived The WB series Birds of Prey (2002\u201303) and was regular on Secret Agent Man (2000) and Point Pleasant (2005).", "Q986520": "NASA Astronaut Group 8 was a group of 35 astronauts announced on January 16, 1978. It was the first selection in nine years of astronaut candidates since Group 7 in August 1969, and also included NASA's first female astronauts. Due to the long delay between the last Apollo lunar mission in 1972 and the first flight of the Space Shuttle in 1981, few astronauts from the older groups stayed with NASA. Since then, a new group of candidates has been selected roughly every two years.In Astronaut Group 8, two different astronaut groups were formed: pilots and mission specialists. (With shuttle classes, NASA stopped sending non-pilots for one year of special training.) Of the 35 selected, six were women, three were male African Americans, and one was a male Asian American.", "Q85875": "Max Barthel (born 17 November 1893 in Loschwitz, Dresden \u2014 died 17 June 1975 in Waldbr\u00f6l) was a German writer.\nA factory worker, Barthel was a member of the socialist youth movement; he was a World War I frontline soldier from 1914 to 1918. He was co-founder of the Youth International in the Soviet Union in 1920, and was acquainted there with Vladimir Lenin. In 1923 Barthel moved from the KPD (Communist Party of Germany) to the Social Democratic Party of Germany. He drew closer to Nazism after the Seizure of Power; he was a reporter on Strength Through Joy trips, and a press correspondent during the war. In 1922 he had worked Communist ideas into the poem \"Arbeiterseele\" (The Worker's Soul), but in 1934 his novel Das unsterbliche Volk (The Immortal Volk) described \"the transformation of a German worker [himself] from a Communist to a follower of the F\u00fchrer\". In a tone of resignation, Barthel titled his postwar autobiography Kein Bedarf an Weltgeschichte (No Need for World History; 1950).", "Q770687": "Dustin J. O'Halloran (born September 8, 1971) is an American pianist and composer. O'Halloran composes scores for film and TV, and forms half of the collaboration A Winged Victory for the Sullen.\n\n", "Q1792413": "Peter Rasmus Krag (12 May 1825 \u2013 16 April 1891) was a Norwegian engineer captain in the Norwegian Army, chief-of-roads and politician. He sat as a member of the Parliament of Norway for several terms.\nPeter Rasmus Krag, formerly chief engineer in the roads department, died 16 April 1891 in Kristiana (modern day Oslo) after an illness of some duration.Peter Rasmus Krag, born 12 May 1825, became a Norwegian army officer in 1844, took the exams for artillery and engineering in 1847 and was already a volunteer in the roads department in 1848. He worked with this department almost continuously beside his military career until 1889, when ill health forced his retirement. His coughing forced the end of his military career in 1890 when he retired to live in Kristiana with an annual pension of 2,500 kroner granted by parliament.Engineer Captain Krag was a man with many interests and a strong work ethic. He worked to further many of the more important interests of society and was not just a military and road engineer but also a politician when he was elected and re-elected as a member of the Norwegian parliament.\nThe largest part of his efforts, and his best years, were in the service of the Roads Department where he was indefatigable in his energy, his initiative and his expertise. It was particularly in southern Norway \u2013 in the districts of Lister and Mandals \u2013 that roads and bridges were developed under his supervision \u2013 an approximate combined length of 300 kilometers. The work and travel proved very strenuous, which contributed greatly to the illness which forced his retirement.Amongst his greater achievements were roads in\n\nKongsberg\nLaurvig to Porsgrund\nFlekkefjord to Siredalen\nKristianssand to its hinterland\nBridgeworks in Lyngdal\nBridgeworks in the valley of MandalKrag recognised the necessity for good communications, not only of roads and bridges but also railways. In parliament he supported and promoted over a number of years, the building of the Seterdal railway which earned him an official \u201cThankyou\u201d from that district.\nOn his death, Krag was survived by his widow, Fredrikke Fyhn, and his seven children One of these children was the writer Vilhelm Krag.", "Q264377": "Erin Gray (born January 7, 1950) is an American actress whose roles include Colonel Wilma Deering in the science fiction television series Buck Rogers in the 25th Century and as Kate Summers-Stratton in the situation comedy Silver Spoons.", "Q360663": "Thomas Francis Wilson Jr. (born April 15, 1959) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and podcaster. He is best known for portraying Biff Tannen, Griff Tannen and Buford \"Mad Dog\" Tannen in the Back to the Future trilogy (1985\u20131990).\n\n", "Q1334023": "Ronald \"Ron\" Michael Sega (also Ronald \u0160ega) (Ph.D.) (born December 4, 1952) is professor of systems engineering and Vice President for Energy and the Environment at the Colorado State University Research Foundation, a non-profit advocacy organization supporting CSU. He is also the Vice President and Enterprise Executive for Energy and Environment at The Ohio State University. From August 2005 to August 2007, he served as Under Secretary of the Air Force. He is a retired Major General in the United States Air Force and a former NASA astronaut. Sega was born in Cleveland, Ohio, he is of Slovene origin. He was married to fellow astronaut Bonnie J. Dunbar. He is now married to Ann Sega and they have two sons. He has lived in both Northfield, Ohio and Colorado Springs.", "Q185125": "Hamamatsu (\u6d5c\u677e\u5e02, Hamamatsu-shi) is a city located in western Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2019, the city had an estimated population of 791,707 in 340,591 households, making it the prefecture's largest city, and a population density of 508 persons per km\u00b2. The total area of the site was 1,558.06 km2 (601.57 sq mi). Hamamatsu is a member of the World Health Organization\u2019s Alliance for Healthy Cities (AFHC).", "Q62988": "Werner Michael Blumenthal (born January 3, 1926) is a German-born American business leader, economist and political adviser who served as United States Secretary of the Treasury under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1979.\nAt age thirteen, Blumenthal barely escaped Nazi Germany with his Jewish family in 1939, and was forced to spend World War II living in the ghetto of Japanese-occupied Shanghai, China, until 1947. He then made his way to San Francisco and began doing odd jobs to work his way through school. He enrolled in college, eventually graduating from U.C. Berkeley and Princeton University with degrees in international economics. During his career, he became active in both business and public service.\nBefore being appointed to a cabinet position with newly elected President Jimmy Carter, Blumenthal had become a successful business leader and had already held administrative positions under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson. As a member of the Carter administration, he helped guide economic policy and took part in reestablishing ties with China. After he resigned, he became chairman and CEO of Burroughs Corporation and Unisys, followed by seventeen years as director of the restored Jewish Museum in Berlin. He is the author of The Invisible Wall (1998, Counterpoint Press) and From Exile to Washington: A Memoir of Leadership in the Twentieth Century (2013, The Overlook Press).", "Q564886": "Zhang Dongsun (simplified Chinese: \u5f20\u4e1c\u836a; traditional Chinese: \u5f35\u6771\u84c0; Wade\u2013Giles: Chang Tung-sun; 1886\u20131973), also known as Chang Tung-sheng, was a Chinese philosopher, public intellectual and political figure. He was a professor of Philosophy and Sinology at Yenching University and Tsinghua University.\n\n", "Q160817": "Marek Edelman (Yiddish: \u05de\u05d0\u05b7\u05e8\u05e2\u05e7 \u05e2\u05d3\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d0\u05b7\u05df\u200e, born either 1919 in Homel or 1922 in Warsaw \u2013 October 2, 2009 in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish political and social activist and cardiologist. Edelman was the last surviving leader of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and long before his death he was the last one who stayed in Poland despite harassment by Communist authorities.Before World War II, he was a General Jewish Labour Bund activist. During the war he co-founded the Jewish Combat Organization (\u017bOB). He took part in the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, becoming its leader after the death of Mordechaj Anielewicz. He also took part in the citywide 1944 Warsaw Uprising.After the war, Edelman remained in Poland and became a noted cardiologist. From the 1970s, he collaborated with the Workers' Defence Committee and other political groups opposing Poland's communist regime. As a member of Solidarity, he took part in the Polish Round Table Talks of 1989. Following the peaceful transformations of 1989, he was a member of various centrist and liberal parties. He also wrote books documenting the history of wartime resistance against the Nazi German occupation of Poland.", "Q118774": "John Brown Gordon (February 6, 1832 \u2013 January 9, 1904) was an attorney, a planter, general in the Confederate States Army, and politician in the postwar years. By the end of the Civil War, he had become \"one of Robert E. Lee's most trusted generals.\"After the war, Gordon strongly opposed Reconstruction during the late 1860s. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected by the state legislature to serve as a US Senator, from 1873 to 1880, and again from 1891 to 1897. He also was elected as the 53rd Governor of Georgia, serving from 1886 to 1890.", "Q72543": "Charles Koechlin, baptized Charles-Louis-Eug\u00e8ne Koechlin (French: [\u0283a\u0281l lwi \u00f8\u0292\u025bn kekl\u025b\u0303]; 27 November 1867 \u2013 31 December 1950), was a French composer, teacher and writer on music. He was a political radical all his life and a passionate enthusiast for such diverse things as medieval music, The Jungle Book of Rudyard Kipling, Johann Sebastian Bach, film stars (especially Lilian Harvey and Ginger Rogers), traveling, stereoscopic photography and socialism. He once said: \"The artist needs an ivory tower, not as an escape from the world, but as a place where he can view the world and be himself. This tower is for the artist like a lighthouse shining out across the world.\"", "Q563131": "Jos\u00e9 Craveirinha (28 May 1922 - 6 February 2003) was a Mozambican journalist, story writer and poet, who is today considered the greatest poet of Mozambique. His poems, written in Portuguese, address such issues as racism and the Portuguese colonial domination of Mozambique. A supporter of the anti-Portuguese group FRELIMO during the colonial wars, he was imprisoned in the 1960s. He was one of the African pioneers of the N\u00e9gritude movement, and published six books of poetry between 1964 and 1997. Craveirinha also wrote under the pseudonyms M\u00e1rio Vieira, Jos\u00e9 Cravo, Jesu\u00edno Cravo, J. Cravo, J.C., Ab\u00edlio Cossa, and Jos\u00e9 G. Vetrinha.", "Q265069": "Haruna Iikubo (\u98ef\u7aaa \u6625\u83dc, Iikubo Haruna, born on November 7, 1994 in Tokyo) is a Japanese fashion model, actress and pop singer. She is a former tenth-generation member and sub-leader of the pop group Morning Musume. She is a former model for the Japanese fashion magazine Love Berry.", "Q214690": "Emil Anneke (Emil Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Annecke; December 13, 1823 in Dortmund \u2013 October 27, 1888 in Bay City, Michigan, United States) was a German revolutionary and Forty-Eighter and American journalist, lawyer and politician (Republican Party). From 1863 until 1866 he served as Michigan Auditor General, the first Republican serving in that position. Emil was the younger brother of U.S. colonel and former German revolutionary commander Fritz Anneke, his sister-in-law was the famous German-American writer, college founder, abolitionist and suffragette Mathilde Anneke.", "Q73885": "Justine Siegemund or Siegemundin (26 December 1636 \u2013 10 November 1705) was a renowned Silesian midwife whose Court Midwife (1690) was the more read, but not the first, female-published German obstetrical manual.\n\n", "Q449900": "George Segal (born February 13, 1934) is an American actor and musician. Segal became popular in the 1960s and 1970s for playing both dramatic and comedic roles. Some of his most acclaimed roles are in films such as Ship of Fools (1965), King Rat (1965), Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966), The St. Valentine's Day Massacre (1967), Where's Poppa? (1970), The Hot Rock (1972), Blume in Love (1973), A Touch of Class (1973), California Split (1974), For the Boys (1991), and Flirting with Disaster (1996). He was one of the first American film actors to rise to leading man status with an unchanged Jewish surname\u2014thus helping pave the way for artists such as Dustin Hoffman and Barbra Streisand.\nHe was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? and has won two Golden Globe Awards, including the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his performance in A Touch of Class.\nOn television, he is best known for his roles as Jack Gallo on Just Shoot Me! (1997\u20132003) and as Albert \"Pops\" Solomon on The Goldbergs (2013\u2013present).\nSegal is also an accomplished banjo player. He has released three albums and has also performed the instrument in several of his acting roles and on late night television.", "Q111036": "Otto Weinkamm (13 February 1902 in Aschaffenburg \u2013 27 January 1968 in Augsburg) was the mayor of Augsburg, Germany, in 1946. He was a member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria and of the BVP. He represented the electoral district which covered the city in the Bundestag from 1957 to 1965.", "Q682363": "Project Pitchfork is a German dark wave, electronic rock group from Hamburg, Germany.", "Q1750746": "Stiff Records is a British independent record label formed in London, England, by Dave Robinson and Jake Riviera (real name Andrew Jakeman). Originally active from 1976 to 1986, the label was reactivated in 2007.\nEstablished at the outset of the punk rock boom, Stiff signed various punk and new wave acts such as Nick Lowe, the Damned, Lene Lovich, Wreckless Eric, Elvis Costello, Ian Dury and Devo. In the 1980s, with most of their early signings having moved on, the label found commercial success with Madness, The Pogues, Tracey Ullman, The Belle Stars, Kirsty MacColl and others.\nIn December 2017, Universal Music Group acquired Stiff Records and ZTT Records.. Razor & Tie, a division of the Concord Music Group, holds the American rights to the Stiff catalogue. Meanwhile, the British rights to the Stiff catalogue are held by BMG Rights Management under Union Square Music.", "Q52678": "Chamblon is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q45304": "Madigan is a 1968 American neo-noir dramatic thriller film directed by Don Siegel and starring Richard Widmark and Henry Fonda.\nThe screenplay\u2014originally titled Friday, Saturday, Sunday\u2014was adapted by two writers who had been blacklisted in the 1950s, Howard Rodman (credited here under the pseudonym Henri Simoun) and Abraham Polonsky. It was based on the 1962 novel The Commissioner by Richard Dougherty, a former New York bureau chief of the Los Angeles Times who had served in the 1950s as a deputy New York City police commissioner for community relations.Siegel was a genre director known at the time for taut action films like The Lineup (1958) and Hell Is for Heroes (1962), as well as the original Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956). He later directed five films starring Clint Eastwood, including Dirty Harry.\n\n", "Q33292": "Berdyansk or Berdiansk (Ukrainian: \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044f\u0301\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a, romanized: Berdiansk, Russian: \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044f\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a, romanized: Berdyansk) is a port city in the Zaporizhia Oblast (province) of south-east Ukraine. It is on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov, which is the northern extension of the Black Sea. It serves as an administrative center of Berdiansk Raion (district), though it does not belong to the raion. The city is named after the river Berda forming Berdyanska spit at the foot of which it is located. Berdyansk is a very attractive place, home to a safari zoo, water park, museums, health resorts with mud baths and climatic treatments, and numerous water sport activities.", "Q126671": "Nicolae V\u0103c\u0103roiu (Romanian pronunciation: [niko\u02c8la.e v\u0259k\u0259\u02c8roju]; born on 5 December 1943 in Cetatea Alb\u0103, now Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi in Ukraine) is a Romanian politician, member of the Social Democratic Party, who served as Prime Minister between 1992 and 1996. Before the 1989 Revolution he worked at the Committee for State Planning, together with Theodor Stolojan.\nHe was the President of the Senate of Romania for almost eight years, during two legislatures (2000\u20132004 and 2004\u20132008).", "Q129542": "Alexandre Ganoczy (born S\u00e1ndor G\u00e1n\u00f3czy; 12 December 1928 in Budapest) is a Hungarian catholic theologian and writer.", "Q358317": "Victor John Mature (January 29, 1913 \u2013 August 4, 1999) was an American stage, film, and television actor who starred most notably in several movies during the 1950s, and was known for his dark hair and smile. His best known film roles include One Million B.C. (1940), My Darling Clementine (1946), Kiss of Death (1947), Samson and Delilah (1949), and The Robe (1953). He also appeared in a large number of musicals opposite such stars as Rita Hayworth and Betty Grable.", "Q733999": "Sir James George Scott (pseudonym Shway Yoe, 25 December 1851 \u2013 4 April 1935) was a Scottish journalist and colonial administrator who helped establish British colonial rule in Burma, and in addition introduced football to Burma.", "Q215565": "Jana Pallaske (born 20 May 1979) is a German actress and singer for the rock band Spitting Off Tall Buildings.", "Q1238180": "Lonnie Melvin Tillis (August 8, 1932 \u2013 November 19, 2017) was an American country music singer and songwriter. Although he recorded songs since the late 1950s, his biggest success occurred in the 1970s, with a long list of Top 10 hits.\nTillis' biggest hits include \"I Ain't Never\", \"Good Woman Blues\", and \"Coca-Cola Cowboy\". On February 13, 2012, President Barack Obama awarded Tillis the National Medal of Arts for his contributions to country music. He also won the Country Music Association Awards' most coveted award, Entertainer of the Year. Additionally, he was known for his stutter, which did not affect his singing voice. His daughter is 1990s country hitmaker Pam Tillis.", "Q87051": "Stephen III (Hungarian: Istv\u00e1n, Croatian: Stjepan, Slovak: \u0160tefan; summer of 1147 \u2013 4 March 1172) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1162 and 1172. He was crowned king in early June 1162, shortly after the death of his father, G\u00e9za II. However, his two uncles, Ladislaus and Stephen, who had joined the court of the Byzantine Empire, challenged his right to the crown. Only six weeks after his coronation, the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos launched an expedition against Hungary, forcing the Hungarian lords to accept Ladislaus' rule. Stephen sought refuge in Austria, but returned and seized Pressburg (now Bratislava in Slovakia). Ladislaus, who died on 14 January 1163, was succeeded by Stephen's younger uncle and namesake, Stephen IV, without resistance, but his rule was unpopular. The young Stephen defeated his uncle on 19 June 1163 and expelled him from Hungary.\nStephen IV attempted to regain his throne with Emperor Manuel I's support, but the latter made peace with Stephen III. He agreed to send his younger brother, B\u00e9la, to Constantinople and to allow the Byzantines to seize B\u00e9la's duchy, which included Croatia, Dalmatia and Sirmium. In an attempt to recapture these territories, Stephen III waged wars against the Byzantine Empire between 1164 and 1167, but could not defeat the Byzantines.\nHistorians attribute the creation of the \"Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r laws\", the first example of extensive privileges granted to a town in the Kingdom of Hungary, to him. He concluded a concordat with the Holy See in 1169, renouncing the control of the appointment of the prelates. He died childless.", "Q62963": "Heinz Hoffmann (28 November 1910 \u2013 2 December 1985) was Minister of National Defense in the Council of Ministers of the German Democratic Republic, and since 2 October 1973 member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party (SED).", "Q621437": "Bear McCreary (born February 17, 1979) is an American musician and composer of film, television, and video games scores based in Los Angeles, California. He is best known for his work on the reimagined Battlestar Galactica television series and for the TV series Outlander and The Walking Dead. He has also scored for the PlayStation 4 video game God of War.\nMcCreary won an Emmy for his main title of Da Vinci's Demons. His most recent Emmy nomination was in 2015 for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series for season one of Outlander.", "Q961436": "Jamie Thomas (born October 11, 1974) is an American professional skateboarder and skateboard industry entrepreneur. Thomas is the owner and founder of Zero Skateboards and Fallen Footwear, until he announced its closure in January 2017. Thomas' nickname in the skateboard industry is The Chief.", "Q763176": "Sir Robert Seppings, FRS (11 December 1767 \u2013 25 April 1840) was an English naval architect.\nSeppings was born to Robert and Lydia Seppings at Fakenham, Norfolk, on 11 December 1767 and baptised three days later. In 1782 he was apprenticed in HMNB Devonport, Plymouth. In 1800, when he had risen to be master shipwright assistant in the yard, he invented a device which greatly reduced the time required to repair the lower portions of ships in dry dock when compared with the laborious process of lifting then in vogue. His plan was to make the keel of the ship rest upon a series of supports placed on the floor of the dock and each consisting of three parts - two being wedges arranged one on each side of the keel at right angles to it, with their thin ends together, while the third was a vertical wedge fitting in and supported by the lower pair. The result was that it became possible in a comparatively short time to remove these supporting structures by knocking out the side wedges, when the workmen gained free access to the whole of the keel, the vessel remaining suspended by the shores. Soon, his creation became commonly known as \"Seppings Blocks.\" For this invention Seppings received \u00a31000 from the Admiralty, and in 1804 was promoted to be a master shipwright at Chatham.\nAt Chatham, in spite of the repugnance to innovation displayed by the naval authorities of that period, he was able to introduce important innovations in the methods of ship-construction. Quoted as saying \"partial strength produces general weakness\", he significantly improved the strength and seaworthiness of the Navy's fleet. He improved the design of the bow and the stern, but his greatest influence on ship design was in the introduction of 'diagonal bracing' into the construction of the hull. He first experimented with the idea in 1800 when he retrofitted the frigate HMS Glenmore with the trusses. The method was first introduced to a ship of the line in 1805 with the refitting of the 74-gun HMS Kent.The use of the diagonal trusses greatly increased the stiffness of the hull, improving a ship's sea worthiness and, more importantly, allowing longer hulls to be built without the drawback of excessive hogging (drooping of the hull at the bow and stern, where buoyancy is at its lowest). This meant that the rigging had better anchor points to take the force of high cross-winds, while shear forces along the hull were no longer borne by the oakum-packing of the timber planks which had leaked while they were squeezed and released like a sponge.Seppings was also instrumental, along with other innovators, in the introduction of iron elements into ship construction, reducing the need for 'grown timbers', which were in increasingly short supply (grown timbers were structural elements, such as 'knees', that needed timber grown to shape in the living tree, in order to give the required strength).These stronger designs offered better protection than the old forms to the crews against the enemy's fire, permitted a powerful armament to be fitted, and better allowed the ships to be kept on-station during bad weather, since the vessel would be more able to resist the stresses consequently reducing wear on the hull and subsequent leaks and salt water damage (especially insidious and dangerous to a ship where wood and iron were in contact).Seppings was appointed joint Surveyor of the Navy alongside Joseph Tucker in 1813, and held that office till his retirement in 1832.\nSeppings received a knighthood in 1819. He died at Taunton on 25 April 1840.", "Q425825": "Hernando Calvo Ospina (born 6 June 1961) is a Colombian journalist, author and director of various documentaries. He resides in France.", "Q445109": "Dorothy Clara Louise Haas (29 April 1910 \u2013 16 September 1994) was a German-American actress and singer who played in German and American films, and often appeared in Broadway plays. Her husband was caricaturist Al Hirschfeld.", "Q123709": "Dundee ( (listen); Scottish Gaelic: D\u00f9n D\u00e8 or D\u00f9n D\u00e8agh [\u02c8t\u032au\u02d0n t\u02b2e\u02d0]) is Scotland's fourth-largest city and the 51st-most-populous built-up area in the United Kingdom. The mid-year population estimate for 2018 was 148,750, giving Dundee a population density of 2,478/km2 or 6,420/sq mi, the second-highest in Scotland. It lies within the eastern central Lowlands on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, which feeds into the North Sea. Under the name of Dundee City (officially the City of Dundee), it forms one of the 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland.\nHistorically part of Angus, the city developed into a burgh in the late 12th century and established itself as an important east coast trading port. Rapid expansion was brought on by the Industrial Revolution, particularly in the 19th century when Dundee was the centre of the global jute industry. This, along with its other major industries, gave Dundee its epithet as the city of \"jute, jam and journalism\".\nToday, Dundee is promoted as \"One City, Many Discoveries\" in honour of Dundee's history of scientific activities and of the RRS Discovery, Robert Falcon Scott's Antarctic exploration vessel, which was built in Dundee and is now berthed at Discovery Point. Biomedical and technological industries have arrived since the 1980s, and the city now accounts for 10% of the United Kingdom's digital entertainment industry, including mobile app development and gaming. Dundee has two universities \u2013 the University of Dundee and the Abertay University. In 2014, Dundee was recognised by the United Nations as the UK's first UNESCO City of Design for its diverse contributions to fields including medical research, comics and video games.A unique feature of Dundee is that its two professional football clubs, Dundee F.C. and Dundee United, have stadiums all but adjacent to each other.With the decline of traditional industry, the city has adopted a plan to regenerate and reinvent itself as a cultural centre. In pursuit of this, a \u00a31 billion master plan to regenerate and to reconnect the Waterfront to the city centre started in 2001 and is expected to be completed within a 30-year period. The V&A Dundee \u2013 the first branch of the V&A to operate outside of London \u2013 is the main centre piece of the waterfront project.In recent years, Dundee's international profile has risen. GQ magazine named Dundee the 'Coolest Little City in Britain' in 2015 and The Wall Street Journal ranked Dundee at number 5 on its 'Worldwide Hot Destinations' list for 2018.", "Q603": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Tadde\u00ef (born January 5, 1961) is a French journalist and television and radio host. Before his current role as the host of cultural talk show Ce soir (ou jamais !) on public television station France 3, he hosted from 1997 to 2006 the late night program Paris Derni\u00e8re broadcast on Paris Premi\u00e8re. In September 2018 he started his Interdit d'interdire broadcast on RT TV (French version).", "Q172220": "Antonio Creus Rub\u00edn de Celis (28 October 1924 \u2013 19 February 1996) was a motorcycle racer and racing driver from Spain. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1960 Argentine Grand Prix on 7 February 1960, driving a privately entered Maserati 250F. He retired with electrical problems and exhaustion, and scored no championship points.\nHe died in his native Madrid in 1996.", "Q315217": "John Forsythe (January 29, 1918 \u2013 April 1, 2010) was an American stage, film/television actor, producer, narrator, drama teacher and philanthropist whose career spanned six decades. He also appeared as a guest on several talk and variety shows and as a panelist on numerous game shows.\nHis 60-year acting career began in films in 1943. He signed up with Warner Bros. at age 25 as a minor contract player, but he later starred in films like The Captive City (1952). He co-starred opposite Loretta Young in It Happens Every Thursday (1953), Edmund Gwenn and Shirley MacLaine in The Trouble With Harry (1955), and Olivia De Havilland in The Ambassador's Daughter (1956).\nForsythe also enjoyed a successful television career, starring in three television series, spanning four decades and three genres: as the single playboy father Bentley Gregg in the sitcom Bachelor Father (1957\u20131962), as the unseen millionaire Charles Townsend in the crime drama Charlie's Angels (1976\u20131981)\u2014a role he would reprise in the 2000 and 2003 film adaptations\u2014and as patriarch Blake Carrington in Dynasty (1981\u20131989). He hosted the series World of Survival (1971\u20131977), and was also the presenter of the 38th Miss Universe Pageant, broadcast on CBS in 1989.", "Q69836": "Bellevue is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.\n\n", "Q312578": "The University of Music and Theatre \"Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy\" Leipzig (German: Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater \"Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy\" Leipzig) is a public university in Leipzig (Saxony, Germany). Founded in 1843 by Felix Mendelssohn as the Conservatorium der Musik (Conservatory of Music), it is the oldest university school of music in Germany.\nThe institution includes the traditional Church Music Institute founded in 1919 by Karl Straube (1873\u20131950). The music school was renamed \u2033Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy\u2033 after its founder in 1972. In 1992, it incorporated the Theaterhochschule \"Hans Otto\" Leipzig.\nSince the beginning there was a tight relationship between apprenticeship and practical experience with the Gewandhaus and the Oper Leipzig, as well as theaters in Chemnitz (Theater Chemnitz), Dresden (Staatsschauspiel Dresden), Halle (Neues Theater Halle), Leipzig (Schauspiel Leipzig) and Weimar (Deutsches Nationaltheater in Weimar).\nThe university of music and theater is one of 365 places chosen in 2009 by the Cabinet of Germany and the Office of the Representative of German Industry and Trade for the campaign Germany \u2013 Land of Ideas.", "Q57700": "Andreas \"Andi\" Deris (born 18 August 1964) is a German singer and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist of power metal band Helloween, and co-founder and former lead singer of German melodic metal band Pink Cream 69. He has an active solo career, as well as his own recording studio in Tenerife.", "Q187901": "Alain Ducasse (French: [al\u025b\u0303 dykas]; born 13 September 1956) is a French-born Mon\u00e9gasque chef. He operates a number of restaurants including Alain Ducasse at The Dorchester which holds three stars (the top ranking) in the Michelin Guide.", "Q11755": "Daphne Koller (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05e4\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05e8\u200e; born August 27, 1968) is an Israeli-American Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University and a MacArthur Fellowship recipient. She is one of the founders of Coursera, an online education platform. Her general research area is artificial intelligence and its applications in the biomedical sciences. Koller was featured in a 2004 article by MIT Technology Review titled \"10 Emerging Technologies That Will Change Your World\" concerning the topic of Bayesian machine learning.", "Q3184860": "For the French general, see Aldebert de Chambrun (1872-1962).\n\nJoseph-Dominique-Aldebert de Pineton, comte de Chambrun or Aldebert de Chambrun (1821-1899) was a French politician and businessman.\n\n", "Q313666": "Georges Eug\u00e8ne Sorel (; French: [s\u0254\u0281\u025bl]; 2 November 1847 \u2013 29 August 1922) was a French philosopher and theorist of Sorelianism. His notion of the power of myth in people's lives (in particular, national myth) inspired socialists, anarchists, Marxists, and fascists. It is, together with his defense of violence, the contribution for which he is most often remembered.", "Q154581": "Gangs of New York is a 2002 American epic historical crime film directed by Martin Scorsese, set in the New York slums, and inspired by Herbert Asbury's non-fiction book The Gangs of New York. The screenplay was written by Jay Cocks, Steven Zaillian, and Kenneth Lonergan. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Daniel Day-Lewis and Cameron Diaz.\nIn 1863, a long-running Catholic\u2013Protestant feud erupts into violence, just as an Irish immigrant group is protesting about low wages caused by an influx of freed slaves, as well as the threat of conscription. Scorsese spent twenty years developing the project until in 1999 Harvey Weinstein and his production company Miramax Films acquired it. Made in Cinecitt\u00e0, Rome and in New York, the film was completed by 2001, but its release was delayed following the September 11 attacks. Released on December 20, 2002, the film grossed $193 million worldwide against its $100 million budget and received positive reviews from critics for Day-Lewis' performance, Scorsese's directing, the production design and costume design. It was nominated for ten Oscars at the 75th Academy Awards.\n\n", "Q444217": "Tom Towles (March 20, 1950 \u2013 April 2, 2015) was an American character actor of film, theatre, and television, known for his portraying villains and intimidating supporting characters. His breakthrough role as Otis in Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer (1986) earned him an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Supporting Male. He appeared in numerous films and television series including Night of the Living Dead, Blood In Blood Out, The Rock, NYPD Blue, Dr. Dolittle, The Devil's Rejects, Miami Vice, and Malcolm in the Middle.", "Q710198": "M\u0101ris Gailis (born 9 July 1949 in Riga) is a Latvian businessman and former politician. He is the former Prime Minister of Latvia, an office he held from September 1994 to December 1995. In the government of the Prime Minister Valdis Birkavs, Gailis became a Minister of State Reform; in the government of the Prime Minister Andris \u0160\u0137\u0113le, he was the Minister of Environmental Protection and Regional Development. As a member of the right-wing liberal political party Latvian Way, he was elected in the 5th Saeima and 6th Saeima. He led a round-the-globe expedition on yacht Milda from 2001 to 2003.", "Q490720": "Biloxi (; French: [bilusi]) is a city and one of two county seats of Harrison County, Mississippi, United States (the other seat being the adjoining city of Gulfport). The 2010 United States Census recorded the population as 44,054, and in 2018 the estimated population was 45,968. The area was first settled by French colonists.\nThe city is part of the Gulfport\u2013Biloxi metropolitan area and the Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS Combined Statistical Area. Pre-Katrina, Biloxi was the third-largest city in Mississippi, behind Jackson and Gulfport. Due to the widespread destruction and flooding, many refugees left the city. Post-Katrina, the population of Biloxi decreased, and it became the fifth-largest city in the state, being surpassed by Hattiesburg and Southaven.The beachfront of Biloxi lies directly on the Mississippi Sound, with barrier islands scattered off the coast and into the Gulf of Mexico. Keesler Air Force Base lies within the city and is home to the 81st Training Wing and the 403d Wing of the U.S. Air Force Reserve.", "Q94993": "Jerzy Zelnik (born 14 September 1945) is a Polish actor. He has appeared in 57 films and television shows since 1963. He was awarded the Badge of Merit in Culture (1997) and Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (2007).", "Q113812": "Georgios Sinas (Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a3\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2, German: Georg Sina, 20 November 1783 - 18 May 1856) was a Greek entrepreneur, banker, national benefactor of Greece and father of the Greek national benefactor of Austria, Simon Sinas. He was the founder of the Athens National Observatory.\n\n", "Q69188": "Hombrechtikon is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q250987": "Colonel Robert Livingston Stevens (October 18, 1787 \u2013 April 20, 1856) was an American inventor and steamship builder who served as president of the Camden and Amboy Railroad in the 1830s and 1840s.\n\n", "Q164324": "Charlene Barshefsky (born August 11, 1950) served as United States Trade Representative, the country's top trade negotiator, from 1997 to 2001. She was the Deputy U.S. Trade Representative from 1993 to 1997. She is a partner at the law firm of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr. She is also an advisor at Moelis & Company.", "Q1356895": "Ernest Lawrence \"Ernie\" Fields (August 28, 1904 \u2013 May 11, 1997) was an African-American trombonist, pianist, arranger and bandleader. He first became known for leading the Royal Entertainers, which were based in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and toured along a circuit stretching from Kansas City, Kansas, to Dallas, Texas. In later years he led a band that recorded in Los Angeles.", "Q49258": "Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the largest city by area in Colorado as well as the county seat and the most populous municipality of El Paso County, Colorado, United States. It is in east central Colorado, on Fountain Creek, 60 miles (97 km) south of Denver.\nAt 6,035 feet (1,839 m) the city stands over 1 mile (1.6 km) above sea level, though some areas are significantly higher and lower. Colorado Springs is near the base of Pikes Peak, which rises 14,115 feet (4,302 m) above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains.\nThe United States Air Force Academy opened just north of Colorado Springs in 1958. The city is home to 24 national sports governing bodies, including the United States Olympic Committee, the United States Olympic Training Center, and USA Hockey.\nThe city had an estimated population of 472,688 in 2018, and a metro population of approximately 738,939, making it Colorado's second most populous city, behind Denver, and the 39th most populous city in the United States. The Colorado Springs, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated population of 712,327 in 2016. The city is in the Front Range Urban Corridor, an oblong region of urban population along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Wyoming, generally following Interstate 25.\nThe city covers 194.9 square miles (505 km2), making it the most extensive municipality in Colorado.\nIn 2017 and 2018, Colorado Springs received several accolades. In 2018 U.S. News named it the most desirable place to live in the United States. The previous year, Colorado Springs placed second on U.S. News's list of the 125 Best Places to Live in the USA. The Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings found that Colorado Springs was the fastest-growing city for millennials. Thumbtack's annual Small Business Friendliness Survey found Colorado Springs to be the fourth most business-friendly city in the country.", "Q132162": "Satsvarupa das Goswami (IAST Satsvar\u016bpa d\u0101sa Gosv\u0101m\u012b, Devanagari: \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0926\u093e\u0938 \u0917\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u0940) (born Stephen Guarino on December 6, 1939) is a senior disciple of Bhaktivedanta Swami, who founded the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), better known in the West as the Hare Krishna movement. Serving as a writer, poet, and artist, Satsvarupa dasa Goswami is the author of Bhaktivedanta Swami's authorized biography,Srila Prabhupada-lilamrta. After Bhaktivedanta Swami's death, Satsvarupa dasa Goswami was one of the eleven disciples selected to become an initiating guru in ISKCON.\nSatsvarupa dasa Goswami, (Sanskrit: [s\u0250t\u02c8s\u028b\u0250\u027du\u02d0p\u0250 da\u02d0s\u0250 \u0261o\u02d0\u02c8s\u028ba\u02d0mi\u02d0]), is one of the first few Westerners ordained by Bhaktivedanta Swami in September 1966. He has been since established as a prolific Vaishnava writer and poet. While traveling, lecturing on Krishna consciousness, and instructing disciples worldwide, he published over hundred books including poems, memoirs, essays, novels, and studies based on the Vaishnava scriptures. In his later years he created hundreds of paintings, drawings, and sculptures that attempt to capture and express his perspective on the culture of Krishna consciousness.", "Q191805": "Mlad\u00e1 Boleslav (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8mlada\u02d0 \u02c8bol\u025bslaf]; German: Jungbunzlau; both meaning \"New (or literally Young) Boleslav\") is a statutory city in the north of the Czech Republic, on the left bank of the Jizera river about 50 kilometres (31 miles) northeast of Prague. It is the second biggest city in the Central Bohemian Region and a major centre of the Czech automotive industry (\u0160koda Auto). The city name abbreviation MB became eponymous for colloquial naming of \u0160koda cars (especially in the communist era) as \"emb\u00e9(\u010dko)\".", "Q41604": "Amiens ( AM-ee-\u0259nz, also US: ; French: [amj\u025b\u0303]; Picard: Anmien) is a city and commune in northern France, 120 km (75 mi) north of Paris and 100 km (62 mi) south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme department in Hauts-de-France. The city had a population of 136,105 according to the 2006 census, and has one of the biggest university hospitals in France with a capacity of 1,200 beds. Amiens Cathedral, the tallest of the large, classic, Gothic churches of the 13th century and the largest in France of its kind, is a World Heritage Site. The author Jules Verne lived in Amiens from 1871 until his death in 1905, and served on the city council for 15 years.\nThe town was fought over during both World Wars, suffering significant damage, and was repeatedly occupied by both sides. The 1918 Battle of Amiens was the opening phase of the Hundred Days Offensive which directly led to the Armistice with Germany. The Royal Air Force heavily bombed the town during the Second World War, in the aftermath the city was rebuilt according to Pierre Dufau's plans with wider streets to ease traffic congestion. These newer structures were primarily built of brick, concrete and white stone with slate roofs. The architect Auguste Perret designed the Gare d'Amiens train station and nearby Tour Perret.\nAmiens has an important historical and cultural heritage, on which a significant amount of tourism is based. Apart from the cathedral, there is the hortillonnages, the Jules Verne House, the Tour Perret, the Mus\u00e9e de Picardie, the zoo, and the quarters of Saint-Leu and Saint-Maurice. A total of 53 monuments are listed in the inventory of monuments historiques, 126 places and monuments listed in the general inventory of cultural heritage, and 263 objects listed in the inventory of monuments historiques. During December, the town hosts the largest Christmas market in northern France. It is known for a few local foods, including \"macarons d'Amiens\", almond paste biscuits; \"tuiles amienoises\", chocolate and orange curved biscuits; \"p\u00e2t\u00e9 de canard d'Amiens\", duck p\u00e2t\u00e9 in pastry; \"la ficelle Picarde\", an oven-baked cheese-topped cr\u00eape; and \"flamiche aux poireaux\", a puff pastry tart made with leeks and cream.\n\n", "Q1854688": "Victor Vlad\u00edmirovich Ewald (or \u0116val\u2032d) (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042d\u0301\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434; 27 November 1860 \u2013 16 April 1935), was a Russian composer of music, mainly for conical brass instruments.", "Q1743909": "Robert Donnachie (1952\u20132000), known under the stage name of Robert Rental, was a British pioneer of the post-punk DIY industrial electronic music scene in the United Kingdom.", "Q82897": "Emile Andr\u00e9 Jean De Mot (20 October 1835 \u2013 23 November 1909) was a Belgian liberal politician and burgomaster of Brussels.He was a lawyer and became alderman and burgomaster of Brussels (1899\u20131909). He was also a member of parliament.\n\n", "Q165": "The sea, the world ocean, or simply the ocean is the connected body of salty water that covers over 70% of Earth's surface (361,132,000 square kilometres (139,434,000 sq mi), with a total volume of roughly 1,332,000,000 cubic kilometres (320,000,000 cu mi)). It moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. It has been travelled and explored since ancient times, while the scientific study of the sea\u2014oceanography\u2014dates broadly from the voyages of Captain James Cook to explore the Pacific Ocean between 1768 and 1779. The word sea is also used to denote smaller, partly landlocked sections of the ocean and certain large, entirely landlocked, saltwater lakes, such as the Caspian Sea and the Dead Sea.\nThe most abundant solid dissolved in seawater is sodium chloride. The water also contains salts of magnesium, calcium, and potassium, amongst many other elements, some in minute concentrations. Salinity varies widely, being lower near the surface and the mouths of large rivers and higher in the depths of the ocean; however, the relative proportions of dissolved salts varies little across the oceans. Winds blowing over the surface of the sea produce waves, which break when they enter shallow water. Winds also create surface currents through friction, setting up slow but stable circulations of water throughout the oceans. The directions of the circulation are governed by factors including the shapes of the continents and Earth's rotation (the Coriolis effect). Deep-sea currents, known as the global conveyor belt, carry cold water from near the poles to every ocean. Tides, the generally twice-daily rise and fall of sea levels, are caused by Earth's rotation and the gravitational effects of the orbiting Moon and, to a lesser extent, of the Sun. Tides may have a very high range in bays or estuaries. Submarine earthquakes arising from tectonic plate movements under the oceans can lead to destructive tsunamis, as can volcanoes, huge landslides or the impact of large meteorites.\nA wide variety of organisms, including bacteria, protists, algae, plants, fungi, and animals, live in the sea, which offers a wide range of marine habitats and ecosystems, ranging vertically from the sunlit surface and shoreline to the great depths and pressures of the cold, dark abyssal zone, and in latitude from the cold waters under polar ice caps to the colourful diversity of coral reefs in tropical regions. Many of the major groups of organisms evolved in the sea and life may have started there.\nThe sea provides substantial supplies of food for humans, mainly fish, but also shellfish, mammals and seaweed, whether caught by fishermen or farmed underwater. Other human uses of the sea include trade, travel, mineral extraction, power generation, warfare, and leisure activities such as swimming, sailing, and scuba diving. Many of these activities create marine pollution. The sea is important in human culture, with major appearances in literature at least since Homer's Odyssey, in marine art, in cinema, in theatre and in classical music. Symbolically, the sea appears as monsters such as Scylla in mythology and represents the unconscious mind in dream interpretation.\n\n", "Q582330": "Jan Balab\u00e1n (29 January 1961 \u2013 23 April 2010) was a Czech writer, journalist, and translator. He was considered an existentialist whose works often dealt with the wretched and desperate aspects of the human condition.", "Q930679": "Eugeni d'Ors i Rovira (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0259w\u02c8\u0292\u025bni \u02c8\u00f0\u0254\u027es]; Barcelona, 28 September 1881 \u2013 Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, 25 September 1954) was a Spanish writer, essayist, journalist, philosopher and art critic. He wrote in both Catalan and Spanish, sometimes under the pseudonym of X\u00e8nius (pronounced [\u02c8\u0283\u025bnius]).\n\nHe studied law in Barcelona and received his PhD degree in Madrid. \nHe collaborated from 1906 on in La Veu de Catalunya and was a member of Catalan Noucentisme. He was the secretary of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans in 1911 and director of the Instrucci\u00f3 P\u00fablica de la Mancomunitat de Catalunya (Commonwealth of Catalonia) in 1917, but he left in 1920 after Enric Prat de la Riba's death. In 1923 he moved to Madrid where he became a member of the Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola in 1927. In 1938, during Spanish Civil War he was the General Director on Fine Arts in the Francoist provisional government in Burgos.\nHe was the father of the noted Spanish jurist, historian and political theorist, \u00c1lvaro d'Ors, and the grandfather of Juan d'Ors.", "Q243045": "Jacobine Camilla Collett (born Wergeland) (23 January 1813 \u2013 6 March 1895) was a Norwegian writer, often referred to as the first Norwegian feminist. She was also the younger sister of Norwegian poet Henrik Wergeland, and is recognized as being one of the first contributors to realism in Norwegian literature. Her younger brother was Major General Joseph Frantz Oscar Wergeland.", "Q120566": "Irnfried Freiherr von Wechmar (12 February 1899 \u2013 27 November 1959) was a highly decorated Oberst in the Wehrmacht during World War II and an Oberst der Reserve in the Bundeswehr. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.", "Q1375094": "Niels Thomasius Neergaard (27 June 1854 \u2013 2 September 1936) was a Danish historian and political figure, a member of the Liberal Moderate Venstre and since 1910 of Venstre. He served as Council President of Denmark between 1908 and 1909 as head of the Cabinet of Neergaard I and as both Prime minister of Denmark and Finance Minister from 5 May 1920 to 23 April 1924, leading the Cabinet of Neergaard II and III. His last cabinet office was as Finance Minister (14 December 1926 \u2013 30 April 1929).", "Q417897": "Norfloxacin, sold under the brand name Noroxin among others, is an antibiotic that belongs to the class of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. It is used to treat urinary tract infections, gynecological infections, inflammation of the prostate gland, gonorrhea and bladder infection. Eye drops were approved for use in children older than one year of age.Norfloxacin is associated with a number of rare serious adverse reactions as well as spontaneous tendon ruptures and irreversible peripheral neuropathy. Tendon problems may manifest long after therapy had been completed and in severe cases may result in lifelong disabilities.\nIt was patented in 1977 and approved for medical use in 1983.", "Q86429": "Roland Johannes H\u00fcttenrauch (26 January 1928 \u2013 12 January 2006) was in charge of Stiftung Warentest, the German consumer organisation in Berlin from 1967 to 1994.\nRoland H\u00fcttenrauch was born in Oberlungwitz, Germany. After finishing school in 1946, he went on to study, first at the University of Leipzig and then at the Technical University in Berlin. There he graduated with a degree in Physics, followed by a doctorate in Engineering Physics in 1961. He was a lecturer in the university's Engineering Department till 1964 and worked as a freelancer for the German Association of Consumer Organisations.\nHe was appointed Head of the Technology Department of Stiftung Warentest shortly after it was established in 1964 and as such, he played a major role in its development to a successful and internationally recognised institution. In 1967 he succeeded Olaf Triebenstein as the Managing Director of Stiftung Warentest and was then appointed Executive Director in 1972. During this time, he developed the method of comparative product testing. Roland H\u00fcttenrauch retired in 1994 and was succeeded by Werner Brinkmann. He remained a member of Stiftung Warentest's Supervisory Board till 1999.\nIn 1988 he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (First Class). In Germany he is generally considered to be \"the father of the comparative testing of goods\".", "Q733027": "Dan Irvin Rather Jr. (; born October 31, 1931) is an American journalist and former national evening news anchor. Rather began his career in Texas, becoming a national name after his reporting saved thousands of lives during Hurricane Carla in September 1961. Rather spontaneously created the first radar weather report by overlaying a transparent map over a radar image of Hurricane Carla. In his first national broadcast, he helped initiate the successful evacuation of 350,000 people.\nRather reported from Dallas in November 1963 at the time of the President Kennedy assassination. Based on his reporting, he was promoted at CBS News, where he served as White House correspondent beginning in 1964. He served as foreign correspondent in London and Vietnam over the next two years before returning to the White House correspondent position. He covered the presidency of Richard Nixon, including Nixon's trip to China, the Watergate scandal, and the president's resignation.\nIn 1981, Rather was promoted to news anchor for the CBS Evening News, a role he occupied for 24 years. Along with Peter Jennings at ABC News and Tom Brokaw at NBC News, he was one of the \"Big Three\" nightly news anchors in the U.S. from the 1980s through the early 2000s. He frequently contributed to CBS's weekly news magazine, 60 Minutes. Within a year of Brokaw's retirement and Jennings's death, Rather left the anchor desk in 2005 following a Killian documents controversy in which he presented unauthenticated documents in a news report on President George W. Bush's Vietnam War\u2013era service in the National Guard. He continued to work with CBS until 2006.\nOn the cable channel AXS TV (then called HDNet), Rather hosted Dan Rather Reports, a 60 Minutes\u2013style investigative news program, from 2006 to 2013. He also hosts several other projects for AXS TV, including Dan Rather Presents, which provides in-depth reporting on broad topics such as mental health care or adoption, and The Big Interview with Dan Rather, in which he conducts long-form interviews with musicians and other entertainers. In January 2018, he began hosting an online newscast called The News with Dan Rather on The Young Turks' YouTube channel.", "Q7010": "Leonberg is a town in the German federal state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg about 16 km (10 mi) to the west of Stuttgart, the state capital. About 45,000 people live in Leonberg, making it the third-largest borough in the rural district (Landkreis) of B\u00f6blingen (after Sindelfingen and B\u00f6blingen to the south).\nLeonberg is most famous for its picturesque market square, the centuries-old annual horse market, its past role as seat of one of W\u00fcrttemberg's first parliaments, and the Pomeranzen Garden- Germany's only remaining terraced garden which dates back to the late Renaissance.", "Q3020668": "Dean Everett Wooldridge (May 30, 1913 in Chickasha, Oklahoma \u2013 September 20, 2006 in Santa Barbara, California) was a prominent engineer in the aerospace industry.Something of a prodigy, Wooldridge graduated from high school at age of 14. He received his bachelor's and master's degree from the University of Oklahoma. Like his future colleague Simon Ramo, Wooldridge went on to study at the California Institute of Technology under William Smythe, from which he received his PhD in physics (summa cum laude) in 1936, studying the separation of isotopes.After leaving Caltech, Wooldridge moved first to Bell Laboratories, where he worked on the theory of magnetism. In 1946, he and Simon Ramo (his classmate at Caltech) both became director of research for the electronics department of Hughes Aircraft, and his career became coupled with that of Simon Ramo. Together they formed a successful team for many years, with Wooldridge concentrating on investment and general business aspects while Ramo led research, development and engineering efforts. By 1948, Hughes had created its Aerospace Group to work with the newly created U.S. Air Force. Ramo and Wooldridge were particularly concerned when Howard Hughes avoided their attempts to discuss the problem. In September 1953 they jointly resigned, and within a week they formed the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation on September 16, 1953.In 1958, Ramo-Wooldridge merged with Thompson Products to form TRW, which carried on the success of its predecessor. It handled system engineering and technical direction for numerous Air Force projects. Wooldridge served as president of TRW until he retired in 1962. He returned to Caltech as a research associate and published several books about the physical processes underlying biology and intelligence, winning the AAAS-Westinghouse award for science writing in 1963.\nHe was a member of the National Academy of Sciences.\nHe died of pneumonia on September 20, 2006 in Santa Barbara, California.", "Q3021576": "John Michael Edward Seymour, 19th Duke of Somerset, (born 30 December 1952), styled Lord Seymour between 1954 and 1984, is a British aristocratic landowner in Wiltshire and Devon, and a member of the House of Lords.", "Q32826": "Lyapis Trubetskoy (Russian: \u041b\u044f\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439, Belarusian: \u041b\u044f\u043f\u0456\u0441 \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0431\u044f\u0446\u043a\u0456) was a Belarusian rock band. It was named after comical hero from Ilya Ilf's and Yevgeny Petrov's novel \"The Twelve Chairs\", poet and potboiler Nikifor Lyapis, who used pseudonym Trubetskoy.\nReceived various awards from RAMP, \u00ab\u0420\u043e\u043a-\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u00bb, \u00ab\u0427\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u044e\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb, \u00ab\u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043a\u00bb, ZD Awards, Ultra-Music Awards.\nOn 17 March 2014 frontman Siarhei Mikhalok announced that the band will be dissolved, on 31 August the band ceased to exist and broke up in two ensembles: Brutto and Trubetskoy.", "Q1687793": "Jerry Ivan Allison (born August 31, 1939) is an American musician, best known as the drummer for the Crickets and co-writer of their hits \"That'll Be the Day\" and \"Peggy Sue\", recorded with Buddy Holly.", "Q427940": "Dragon Eyes is a 2012 American martial arts film starring Cung Le and Jean-Claude Van Damme. It was directed by John Hyams. In New Orleans, a mysterious man looks to unite two warring gangs against the lawmen who have been using them to advance their corrupt agenda.\n\n", "Q318041": "Vittorio Pozzo (Italian pronunciation: [vit\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0rjo \u02c8pottso]; 2 March 1886 \u2013 21 December 1968) was an Italian footballer, manager and journalist.\nThe creator of the Metodo tactical formation, Pozzo is regarded as one of the greatest managers of all time, and is the first person to guide a national team to two FIFA World Cup titles as coach, leading the Italy national team to victory in the 1934 and 1938 FIFA World Cups. Nicknamed Il Vecchio Maestro (\"The Old Master,\" in Italian), he also led Italy to a gold medal at the 1936 Olympic football tournament, and managed the Italian championship squads of the 1930 and 1935 editions of the Central European International Cup.", "Q1461": "Manila (; Tagalog: Maynil\u00e0, pronounced [maj\u02c8nila\u0294]), officially the City of Manila (Tagalog: Lungsod ng Maynil\u00e0 [lu\u014b\u02c8sod n\u0250\u014b maj\u02c8nila\u0294]), is the capital of the Philippines and a highly urbanized city. It is the most densely populated city proper in the world as of 2019. It was the first chartered city by virtue of the Philippine Commission Act 183 on July 31, 1901 and gained autonomy with the passage of Republic Act No. 409 or the \"Revised Charter of the City of Manila\" on June 18, 1949. Manila, alongside Mexico City and Madrid are considered the world's original set of Global Cities due to Manila's commercial networks being the first to traverse the Pacific Ocean, thus connecting Asia with the Spanish Americas, marking the first time in world history when an uninterrupted chain of trade routes circled the planet. Manila is also the second most natural disaster-afflicted capital city in the world next to Tokyo, yet it is simultaneously among the most populous and fastest growing cities in Southeast Asia.The Spanish city of Manila was founded on June 24, 1571, by Spanish conquistador Miguel L\u00f3pez de Legazpi. The date is regarded as the city's official founding date; however, a Tagalog fortified polity called Maynil\u00e0 had already existed on the site, dating back as far as 1258, from which the Spanish and English name of 'Manila' was derived. A Spanish fortified city called Intramuros was built directly on top of the site of old Maynil\u00e0, following the defeat of the polity's last indigenous Rajah, Sulayman III, in the Battle of Bangkusay. Manila was the seat of power for most of the country's colonial rulers. It is home to many historic sites, some of which were built during the 16th century. Manila has many of the Philippines' firsts, including the first university (1590), light station (1642), lighthouse tower (1846), water system (1878), hotel (1889), electricity (1895), oceanarium (1913), stock exchange (1927), flyover (1930s), zoo (1959), pedestrian underpass (1960), science high school (1963), city-run university (1965), city-run hospital (1969), and rapid transit system (1984; also considered as the first rapid transit system in Southeast Asia).The term \"Manila\" is commonly used to refer to the whole metropolitan area, the greater metropolitan area or the city proper. The officially defined metropolitan area called Metro Manila, the capital region of the Philippines, includes the much larger Quezon City and the Makati Central Business District. It is the most populous region of the country, one of the most populous urban areas in the world, and is one of the wealthiest regions in Southeast Asia. The city proper is home to 1,780,148 people in 2015, and is the historic core of a built-up area that extends well beyond its administrative limits. With 71,263 people per square kilometer, Manila is also the most densely populated city proper in the world.The city is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay. The Pasig River flows through the middle of the city, dividing it into the north and south sections. Manila is made up of 16 administrative districts: Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, Paco, Pandacan, Port Area, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Andres, San Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Ana, Santa Cruz, Santa Mesa and Tondo, while it is divided into six districts for its representation in Congress and the election of the city council members. In 2018, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network listed Manila as an \"Alpha-\" global city, in the same year, Manila is ranked seventh in economic performance globally and second regionally (the latter situation being behind Delhi, India) while the Global Financial Centres Index ranks Manila 103rd in the world.", "Q26853": "Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriar\u00e1n (Spanish: [ka\u02c8milo sje\u0271\u02c8fwe\u0263oz \u0263orja\u02c8\u027ean]; 6 February 1932 \u2013 28 October 1959) was a Cuban revolutionary born in Havana. Along with Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Juan Almeida Bosque, and Ra\u00fal Castro, he was a member of the 1956 Granma expedition, which launched Fidel Castro's armed insurgency against the government of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. He became one of Castro's top guerilla commanders, known as the \"Hero of Yaguajay\" after winning a key battle of the Cuban Revolution. His signature weapons were a M1921AC Thompson and a modified M2 carbine.\nHe was appointed head of Cuba's armed forces shortly after the victory of Castro's rebel army in 1959. He was presumed dead when a small plane he was traveling in disappeared during a night flight from Camag\u00fcey to Havana later that year. Many have speculated and conspiracies have arisen concerning his mysterious disappearance. Cienfuegos, whose name translates in English to \"a hundred fires,\" is revered in Cuba as a hero of the Revolution, with monuments, memorials, and an annual celebration in his honor.", "Q241646": "June Foray (born June Lucille Forer; September 18, 1917 \u2013 July 26, 2017) was an American voice actress who was best known as the voice of such animated characters as Rocky the Flying Squirrel, Nell Fenwick, Lucifer from Disney's Cinderella, Cindy Lou Who, Jokey Smurf, Granny from the Warner Bros. cartoons directed by Friz Freleng, Grammi Gummi from Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears series, and Magica De Spell, among many others.\nHer career encompassed radio, theatrical shorts, feature films, television, records (particularly with Stan Freberg), video games, talking toys, and other media. Foray was also one of the early members of ASIFA-Hollywood, the society devoted to promoting and encouraging animation, and is credited with the establishment of the Annie Awards, as well as instrumental to the creation of the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature in 2001. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame honoring her voice work in television.Chuck Jones was quoted as saying: \"June Foray is not the female Mel Blanc. Mel Blanc was the male June Foray.\"", "Q188398": "Elijah Brigham (July 7, 1751 \u2013 February 22, 1816) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.\nBrigham was born in Westborough (now Northborough), Massachusetts, son of Colonel Levi Brigham and Susanna (Grout) Brigham. He was a descendant of Thomas Brigham and Edmund Rice, early immigrants to Massachusetts Bay Colony. Brigham was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, in 1778.\nHe studied law, but did not practice.\nHe engaged in mercantile pursuits at Westborough.\nHe served as member of the State house of representatives 1791\u20131793.\nHe served as justice of the court of common pleas 1795\u20131811.\nHe served in the State senate in 1796, 1798 from 1801 to 1805, and 1807\u20131810.\nHe served as a state councilor in 1799, 1800, and 1806.\nBrigham was elected as a Federalist to the Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth Congresses and served from March 4, 1811, until his death in Washington, D.C., February 22, 1816.\nHe was interred in the Congressional Cemetery.\nBrigham was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1813.", "Q251455": "\u00c1lvaro de Luna Blanco (10 April 1935 \u2013 2 November 2018) was a Spanish actor. He performed in more than one hundred films since 1961. He was most known for El Algarrobo in Curro Jim\u00e9nez.In 1963 he appeared in El verdugo, by Luis Garc\u00eda Berlanga. In 1987 he appeared in the TV series V\u00edsperas.He died on 2 November 2018 from a hepatic insufficiency.", "Q550262": "Galileo Ferraris (31 October 1847 \u2013 7 February 1897) was an Italian physicist and electrical engineer, one of the pioneers of AC power system and an inventor of the three-phase induction motor. Many newspapers touted that his work on the induction motor and power transmission systems were some of the greatest inventions of all ages. He published an extensive and complete monograph on the experimental results obtained with open-circuit transformers of the type designed by the power engineers Lucien Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs.", "Q3648943": "Nikolai A. Golovkinsky (29 April 1834 \u2013 1897) was a Russian geologist who studied among other things the Paleozoic sediments of Tatarstan. He was professor at the Kazan School of Geology.", "Q380768": "Ernst-Paul Hasselbach (23 May 1966 \u2013 11 October 2008) was a Dutch TV host and producer. He hosted several shows on Dutch and Belgian television.", "Q442114": "Anna Silk is a Canadian actress best known for her role as Bo Dennis, the protagonist of the Showcase television series Lost Girl (2010\u20132015).", "Q1245631": "Jos\u00e9 Moreno Justicia (born 1960), better known as Pepe Justicia, is a Spanish flamenco guitarist from B\u00e9lmez de la Moraleda, Ja\u00e9n. A concert player and teacher, he got into flamenco aged 14, inspired by Paco de Luc\u00eda. His playing style is reminiscent of traditional flamenco from Jerez de la Frontera, where he resides since 1987.", "Q422838": "Surinder Kaur (25 November 1929 \u2013 14 June 2006) was an Indian singer and songwriter. While she mainly sang punjabi folk songs, where she is credited for pioneering and popularising the genre, Kaur also recorded songs as a playback singer for Hindi films between 1948 and 1952. For her contributions to punjabi music, she earned the sobriquet Nightingale of Punjab, the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1984, and the Padma Shri in 2006.In a career spanning nearly six decades, her repertoire included Punjabi Sufi Kafis of Bulleh Shah and verses by contemporary poets like Nand Lal Noorpuri, Amrita Pritam, Mohan Singh and Shiv Kumar Batalvi giving memorable songs like, \"Maavan 'te dheean\", \"Jutti kasuri\", \"Madhaniyan\", \"Ehna akhiyan 'ch pavan kiven kajra\" and \"Ghaman di raat\". In time her wedding songs, most notably \"Lathe di chadar\", \"Suhe ve cheere waleya\" and \"Kaala doria\", have become an indelible part of the Punjabi culture.Kaur was married to Joginder Singh Sodhi, a professor at the Delhi University. The couple had three daughters, the eldest of whom is also a Punjabi folk singer. Kaur died in New Jersey in 2006 following a prolonged illness.", "Q240558": "Leven Alice Rambin (born May 17, 1990) is an American actress. She is known for playing look-alike half-sisters Lily Montgomery and Ava Benton on All My Children and her recurring roles in Grey's Anatomy and Gone, as well Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles, One Tree Hill, Wizards of Waverly Place, and CSI: Miami. She appeared in the sci-fi film The Hunger Games (2012) as the District 1 tribute Glimmer, and appeared as Clarisse La Rue in the fantasy film Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters (2013).", "Q2166266": "The Rophaien (2,077 m) is a mountain of the Schwyzer Alps, overlooking Lake Lucerne (Urnersee) in the canton of Uri. It lies west of the Rossstock, at the western end of the range north of the Sch\u00e4chental.", "Q1775277": "The Union of India, also called the Dominion of India, was an independent dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950. It was created by the Indian Independence Act 1947 and was transformed into the Republic of India by the promulgation of the Constitution of India in 1950.The King was represented by the Governor-General of India. However, the Governor-General was not designated Viceroy, as had been customary under the British Raj. The office of Viceroy was abolished on independence. Two governors-general held office between independence and India's transformation into a republic: Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1947\u201348) and Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1948\u201350). Jawaharlal Nehru was Prime Minister of India throughout.", "Q1484236": "Gregory E. Stinson, better known as G. E. Stinson (born in Kingfisher, Oklahoma), is an American guitarist and founding member of new age/electronic musical group Shadowfax. Inspired by blues masters such as Bo Diddley and Muddy Waters, Stinson experimented with blues, jazz and other musical genres before co-founding Shadowfax in 1974. He remained with the band for six albums. He departed Shadowfax after recording The Odd Get Even (1989), entering the Los Angeles underground music community to refine his 'extended technique' and 'frequency manipulation'. Since then he has worked with a number of musicians on various projects, including Napalm Quartet, Splinter Group, Stinkbug, Metalworkers, Alex De Grassi, Devin Sarno and others. In 2000, he collaborated with drummer Gregg Bendian, violinist Jeff Gauthier, and bassist Steuart Liebig on an album of collective improvisational pieces recorded live in the studio, entitled Bone Structure. Released in 2003, it was given four stars by Jim Andrews in DownBeat magazine.Stinson is a long-time Zen-practitioner.", "Q699964": "The Archduchy of Austria (German: Erzherzogtum \u00d6sterreich) was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire and the nucleus of the Habsburg Monarchy. With its capital at Vienna, the archduchy was centered at the Empire's southeastern periphery.\nThe Archduchy developed out of the Bavarian Margraviate of Austria, elevated to the Duchy of Austria according to the 1156 Privilegium Minus by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. The House of Habsburg came to the Austrian throne in Vienna in 1282 and in 1453 Emperor Frederick III, also Austrian ruler, officially adopted the archducal title. From the 15th century onwards, all Holy Roman Emperors but one were Austrian archdukes and with the acquisition of the Bohemian and Hungarian crown lands in 1526, the Habsburg hereditary lands became the centre of a major European power.\nThe Archduchy's history as an Imperial State ended with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in 1806. It was replaced with the Lower and Upper Austria crown lands of the Austrian Empire.", "Q452307": "Percy Romeo Miller (born August 19, 1989), better known by his stage name Romeo (formerly Lil' Romeo), is an American rapper, actor, entrepreneur, and model. Miller gained fame as a rapper in the early 2000s after signing with No Limit Records, then owned by his father, Master P. He soon released his debut single \"My Baby\" in 2001, which went on to be certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Later the same year, Miller released his debut album Lil' Romeo, which charted the US Billboard 200 at number six and went on to be certified gold, selling over 500,000 copies with in a month.\nIn 2002, Miller released his second album titled Game Time; it charted the US Billboard 200 at number thirty-three. In 2004, Miller released his third album Romeoland; it charted on the US Billboard 200 at number seventy. In 2006, Miller released his digital album titled Lottery it was his first album released with his name changed to Romeo. In 2006, Miller released the soundtrack to his film God's Gift; it was Miller's first album to be explicit.\nIn 2007, Miller was offered and accepted a scholarship to play basketball for the USC Trojans at the University of Southern California. Miller would play for the team until he was let go before his junior season in 2010.Aside from music, Miller has also worked as an actor, beginning in 2002, when Nickelodeon offered him his own show titled Romeo!; the show was successful on the network and went on to run for three seasons. In 2011, Miller starred in the film Jumping the Broom, and in 2012 he would also star in Tyler Perry's film Madea's Witness Protection.\nMiller founded the record labels Guttar Music, Take A Stand, The Next Generation and his current label No Limit Forever Records.\n\n", "Q93030": "Leon Ong Chua (; Chinese: \u8521\u5c11\u68e0; pinyin: C\u00e0i Sh\u01ceot\u00e1ng; Wade\u2013Giles: Ts'ai Shao-t'ang; Pe\u030dh-\u014de-j\u012b: Chh\u00f2a Si\u00e1u-t\u00f4ng; born June 28, 1936) is an American electrical engineer and computer scientist. He is a professor in the electrical engineering and computer sciences department at the University of California, Berkeley, which he joined in 1971. He has contributed to nonlinear circuit theory and cellular neural network (CNN) theory. He is also the inventor and namesake of Chua's circuit one of the first and most widely known circuits to exhibit chaotic behavior, and was the first to conceive the theories behind, and postulate the existence of, the memristor. Thirty-seven years after he predicted its existence, a working solid-state memristor was created by a team led by R. Stanley Williams at Hewlett Packard.\n\n", "Q617": "Padua (; Italian: Padova [\u02c8pa\u02d0dova] (listen); Venetian: P\u00e0dova) is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy. Padua is on the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice. It is the capital of the province of Padua. It is also the economic and communications hub of the area. Padua's population is 214,000 (as of 2011). The city is sometimes included, with Venice (Italian Venezia) and Treviso, in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE) which has a population of around 2,600,000.\nPadua stands on the Bacchiglione River, 40 kilometres (25 miles) west of Venice and 29 km (18 miles) southeast of Vicenza. The Brenta River, which once ran through the city, still touches the northern districts. Its agricultural setting is the Venetian Plain (Pianura Veneta). To the city's south west lies the Euganaean Hills, praised by Lucan and Martial, Petrarch, Ugo Foscolo, and Shelley.\nIt hosts the University of Padua, founded in 1222, where later Galileo Galilei was a lecturer between 1592 and 1610.\nThe city is picturesque, with a dense network of arcaded streets opening into large communal piazze, and many bridges crossing the various branches of the Bacchiglione, which once surrounded the ancient walls like a moat.\nPadua is the setting for most of the action in Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew. There is a play by the Irish writer Oscar Wilde entitled The Duchess of Padua.\nThe city is also known for being the city where Saint Anthony, a Portuguese Franciscan (Anthony of Padua, also known as Anthony of Lisbon - city where he was born in 1195), spent part of his life and died in 1231.", "Q172234": "Alejandro de Tomaso (10 July 1928 in Buenos Aires \u2013 21 May 2003 in Modena, Italy) was a racing driver and businessman from Argentina. His name is sometimes seen in an Italianised form as Alessandro de Tomaso. He participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 13 January 1957. He scored no championship points. He later founded the Italian sports car company De Tomaso Automobili in 1959.\n\n", "Q486156": "The University of Oslo (Norwegian: Universitetet i Oslo), until 1939 named the Royal Frederick University (Norwegian: Det Kongelige Frederiks Universitet), is the oldest university in Norway, located in the Norwegian capital of Oslo. Until 1 January 2016 it was the largest Norwegian institution of higher education in terms of size, now surpassed only by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The Academic Ranking of World Universities has ranked it the 58th best university in the world and the third best in the Nordic countries. In 2015, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked it the 135th best university in the world and the seventh best in the Nordics. While in its 2016, Top 200 Rankings of European universities, the Times Higher Education listed the University of Oslo at 63rd, making it the highest ranked Norwegian university.The university has approximately 27,700 students and employs around 6,000 people. Its faculties include (Lutheran) Theology (with the Lutheran Church of Norway having been Norway's state church since 1536), Law, Medicine, Humanities, Mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences, Dentistry, and Education. The university's original neoclassical campus is located in the centre of Oslo; it is currently occupied by the Faculty of Law. Most of the university's other faculties are located at the newer Blindern campus in the suburban West End. The Faculty of Medicine is split between several university hospitals in the Oslo area. The university also includes some formally independent, affiliated institutes such as CICERO, NKVTS and the Frisch Centre.\nThe university was founded in 1811 and was modeled after the University of Copenhagen and the recently established University of Berlin. It was originally named for King Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway and received its current name in 1939. The university is informally also known as Universitetet (\"the university\"), having been the only university in Norway, until 1946 and was commonly referred to as \"The Royal Frederick's\" (Det Kgl. Frederiks), prior to the name change.\nThe Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in the university's Atrium, from 1947 to 1989, making it the only university in the world to be involved in awarding a Nobel Prize. Since 2003, the Abel Prize is awarded in the Atrium. Five researchers affiliated with the university have been Nobel laureates.", "Q69822": "Pregny-Chamb\u00e9sy is a commune in the canton of Geneva in Switzerland. It is located directly north of the city of Geneva, on the south-western shore of Lake Geneva.\nA number of foreign permanent missions are located in Pregny-Chamb\u00e9sy due to its proximity to most of Geneva's United Nations organizations and agencies as well as Geneva International Airport.", "Q31491": "Tiberius II Constantine (Latin: Tiberius Constantinus; Byzantine Greek: \u03a4\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2; 520 \u2013 14 August 582) was Eastern Roman Emperor from 574 to 582. Tiberius rose to power in 574 when Justin II, prior to a mental breakdown, proclaimed Tiberius Caesar and adopted him as his own son. In 578, Justin II, before he died, gave him the title of Augustus, under which title he reigned until his death on 14 August 582.", "Q95441": "G\u00fcnther Schwarberg (14 October 1926 \u2013 3 December 2008) was a German journalist and author whose 1979 series of articles in German news magazine Der Stern and subsequent book \"The SS Doctor and the Children\" brought the World War II era war crimes committed in Neuengamme concentration camp and Bullenhuser Damm School in Hamburg to the public's conscience in Germany, and the rest of the world. He worked at the Weser Courier in the beginning of his career then the Bremer Nachrichten in Bremen and worked at Der Stern for twenty five years.", "Q1351888": "Hussain Ibrahim Saleh al-Shahristani (born 1942) is an Iraqi politician who served in different cabinet posts. He is Former Iraq's Minister of Higher Education.", "Q59739": "Erich Koch-Weser (26 February 1875 \u2013 19 October 1944) was a German lawyer and liberal politician. One of the founders (1918) and later chairman (1924\u20131930) of the liberal German Democratic Party, he served as Minister of the Interior (1919\u20131921), Vice Chancellor of Germany (1920) and Minister of Justice (1928\u20131929).", "Q241120": "Anyte of Tegea (Greek: \u1f08\u03bd\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a4\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u1fb6\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2, An\u00fdt\u0113 Tege\u00e2tis; fl. early 3rd century BC) was an Arcadian poet. She is one of the nine outstanding ancient women poets listed by Antipater of Thessalonica in the Palatine Anthology. He called her the female Homer because her poetry was so admired. She was among the first Hellenistic poets to write bucolic poetry that praised life in the country. She was called \"Anyte the lyric poet\" in antiquity, although none of her lyric poetry has survived. Likewise, Pausanias refers to her epic poetry, but none of it has survived.", "Q144786": "Zakopane is a town in the extreme south of Poland, in the southern part of the Podhale region at the foot of the Tatra Mountains. From 1975 to 1998, it was part of Nowy S\u0105cz Province; since 1999, it has been part of Lesser Poland Province. As of 2017 its population was 27,266. Zakopane is a center of Goral culture and is often referred to as \"the winter capital of Poland\u201d. It is a popular destination for mountaineering, skiing, and tourism.Zakopane lies near Poland's border with Slovakia, in a valley between the Tatra Mountains and Guba\u0142\u00f3wka Hill. It can be reached by train or bus from the province capital, Krak\u00f3w, about two hours away. Zakopane lies 800\u20131,000 meters above sea level and centers on the intersection of its Krup\u00f3wki and Ko\u015bciuszko Streets.", "Q113806": "Felix Ermacora (13 October 1923 \u2013 24 February 1995) was the leading human rights expert of Austria and a member of the Austrian People's Party.", "Q85652": "Otto Wanz (June 13, 1943 \u2013 September 14, 2017) was an Austrian professional wrestler and boxer. He made his professional wrestling debut in 1968. He is a one time American Wrestling Association champion and former operator of the Catch Wrestling Association, where he was the promotion's inaugural World Heavyweight Champion, winning the title four times.", "Q119495": "Josef Ackermann (born 31 January 1896, Munich \u2013 died 22 August 1959, Z\u00fcrich) was a German journalist.", "Q360844": "Anthony William Lars Asquith (; 9 November 1902 \u2013 20 February 1968) was a leading English film director. He collaborated successfully with playwright Terence Rattigan on The Winslow Boy (1948) and The Browning Version (1951), among other adaptations. His other notable films include Pygmalion (1938), French Without Tears (1940), The Way to the Stars (1945) and a 1952 adaptation of Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest.", "Q1373397": "James Henry Clark (born March 23, 1944) is an American entrepreneur and computer scientist. He founded several notable Silicon Valley technology companies, including Silicon Graphics, Inc., Netscape Communications Corporation, myCFO, and Healtheon. His research work in computer graphics led to the development of systems for the fast rendering of three-dimensional computer images.", "Q275285": "Polina Daschkowa (born 14 July 1960) is a successful Russian crime novelist.", "Q535388": "Luis Ernesto Miramontes C\u00e1rdenas (March 16, 1925 \u2013 September 13, 2004) was a Mexican chemist known as the co-inventor of the progestin norethisterone used in one of the first three oral contraceptives.\nMiramontes was born in Tepic, Nayarit. He obtained his first Degree in chemical engineering at the Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM). He was a founding researcher of the Institute of Chemistry of UNAM, specializing mainly in the area of Organic Chemistry. He was a professor of the Faculty of Chemistry of UNAM, Director and professor of the School of Chemistry at the Universidad Iberoamericana, and deputy Director of Research at the Mexican Institute of Petroleum (IMP). Miramontes was a member of diverse scientific societies, such as the American Chemical Society (Emeritus), the Mexican Institute of Chemical Engineers, the National Institute of Chemical and Chemical Engineers, the Chemical Society of Mexico, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and the New York Academy of Sciences.\nHe died in Mexico City in 2004.\n\n", "Q1039226": "Johan Carl Kempe (8 December 1884 \u2013 8 July 1967) was leader of the Swedish pulp and paper industry Mo och Domsj\u00f6 AB and involved in several other companies in the large economic sphere of the Kempe family. He was also a silver medalist in tennis at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.Carl Kempe was born in Stockholm, son of Frans Kempe. He finished secondary school at Norra latinl\u00e4roverket in Stockholm, studied at Uppsala University 1903\u20131905 and started to work for Mo och Domsj\u00f6 in 1906. He succeeded his father as CEO of Mo och Domsj\u00f6 in 1917. While the company he took over from his father had retained many traits of a traditional lumber producer, Carl Kempe was, through large investments in research and development, chiefly responsible for its transformation into a modern chemical industry.Kempe himself claimed that he spent his time at university in Uppsala mostly with playing tennis, attending dancing lessons and playing cards; the first of these pastimes, at least, led to his winning a tennis silver medal at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm in the men's indoor doubles event (with Gunnar Setterwall).\n\n", "Q43761": "Christoph S\u00fc\u00df (born December 17, 1967) is a German cabaret artist and television presenter.\nA native of the Sendling area of Munich, S\u00fc\u00df gained his first experiences in theatre while in secondary school, performing in school plays, in amateur theatre troupes, and as a singer in several rock bands. After graduation, he enrolled in 1990 at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich to study philosophy, but eventually dropped out to concentrate on his developing career as a cabaret artist.\nIn 1995, S\u00fc\u00df began his first stint of solo performances, appearing in small art theatres in his native Munich and around Bavaria. In 1998 he was hired by Bayerischer Rundfunk to present the weekly politics and satire magazine \"Quer\". He continued his solo performances, going on tour in 1999 with his new program \"Kristofs kleiner Kosmos\" (\"Kristof's Small Cosmos\"). For this program he won the Obernburger M\u00fchlstein prize given to independent artists for cabaret and comedy performance.", "Q262921": "Anita Skorgan (born 13 November 1958) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter. She represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1977 (14th), 1979 (11th) and with Jan Teigen in 1982 (12th). She was also a backing singer at the 1981 and 1983 contests, and co-wrote the 1988 Norwegian Eurovision entry \"For v\u00e5r jord\", which placed fifth.", "Q62977": "Walter Arnold Kaufmann (July 1, 1921 \u2013 September 4, 1980) was a German-American philosopher, translator, and poet. A prolific author, he wrote extensively on a broad range of subjects, such as authenticity and death, moral philosophy and existentialism, theism and atheism, Christianity and Judaism, as well as philosophy and literature. He served more than 30 years as a professor at Princeton University.\nHe is renowned as a scholar and translator of Friedrich Nietzsche. He also wrote a 1965 book on Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and published a translation of Goethe's Faust.", "Q3869364": "NASA Astronaut Group 17, (the Penguins), were chosen by NASA in 1998. The group of 32 candidates included eight pilots, 17 mission specialists, and seven international mission specialists who become NASA astronauts. They began training in August 1998.", "Q226193": "33 Scenes From Life (Polish: 33 sceny z zycia) is a 2008 Polish film directed by Ma\u0142gorzata Szumowska.", "Q209170": "Mary Poppins is a 1964 American musical fantasy film directed by Robert Stevenson and produced by Walt Disney, with songs written and composed by the Sherman Brothers. The screenplay is by Bill Walsh and Don DaGradi, based on P. L. Travers's book series Mary Poppins. The film, which combines live-action and animation, stars Julie Andrews in her feature film debut as Mary Poppins, who visits a dysfunctional family in London and employs her unique brand of lifestyle to improve the family's dynamic. Dick Van Dyke, David Tomlinson, and Glynis Johns are featured in supporting roles. The film was shot entirely at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, using painted London background scenes.Mary Poppins was released on August 27, 1964, to critical acclaim. It received a total of 13 Academy Awards nominations, including Best Picture \u2013 a record for any film released by Walt Disney Studios \u2013 and won five: Best Actress for Andrews, Best Film Editing, Best Original Music Score, Best Visual Effects, and Best Original Song for \"Chim Chim Cher-ee\". In 2013, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". Mary Poppins is considered Walt Disney's crowning live-action achievement, and is the only one of his films which earned a Best Picture nomination during his lifetime.A sequel, Mary Poppins Returns, was released on December 19, 2018.", "Q445135": "Sandra Christina McCoy (born August 14, 1979) is an American actress and dancer primarily known for being featured in the music video of NSYNC's 2001 single, \"Pop\".", "Q1263806": "Duduka Da Fonseca, born Eduardo Moreira Da Fonseca (Rio de Janeiro, March 31, 1951) is a Brazilian jazz drummer who is a founding member of Trio da Paz with Romero Lubambo and Nilson Matta. He leads the Duduka da Fonseca Trio, with David Feldman and Guto Wirtti.", "Q230929": "Melissa Ellen Gilbert (born May 8, 1964) is an American actress, television director, producer, politician and former president of the Screen Actors Guild.\nGilbert began her career as a child actress in the late 1960s, appearing in numerous commercials and guest starring roles on television. From 1974 to 1984, she starred as Laura Ingalls Wilder, the second oldest daughter of Charles Ingalls (played by Michael Landon) on the NBC series Little House on the Prairie. During the run of Little House, Gilbert appeared in several popular television films, including The Diary of Anne Frank and The Miracle Worker.\nAs an adult, she continued her career mainly in television films. Gilbert has also continued with guest starring roles on television and has done voice work for animation such as Batman: The Animated Series as Barbara Gordon / Batgirl. From 2009 to 2010, Gilbert appeared as Caroline \"Ma\" Ingalls in the touring production of Little House on the Prairie, the Musical. In 2012, she was a contestant on season fourteen of the popular reality dance competition show Dancing with the Stars on ABC.\nGilbert served as the President of the Screen Actors Guild from 2001 to 2005. In 2009, her autobiography Prairie Tale: A Memoir, was released. In 2014, she wrote a short story for children, called Daisy and Josephine as well as My Prairie Cookbook: Memories and Frontier Food from My Little House to Yours.In 2016, Gilbert ran for U.S. Congress as a Democrat in Michigan's 8th congressional district and she won the Democratic primary. She later dropped out because of head and neck injuries sustained in a 2012 accident.", "Q934345": "L. Q. Jones (born Justus Ellis McQueen Jr. on August 19, 1927) is an American actor and director best known for his work in the films of Sam Peckinpah.\n\n", "Q380026": "Aurelijus R\u016btenis Antanas Mockus \u0160ivickas (born 25 March 1952) is a Colombian mathematician, philosopher, and politician. He has a master's degree in philosophy from the National University of Colombia, and a Honoris Causa PhD from the University of Paris.\nHe is the son of Lithuanian immigrants. He left office as the president of the National University of Colombia in Bogot\u00e1 in 1993, and later that year ran a successful campaign for mayor. He proceeded to preside over Bogot\u00e1 as mayor for two (non-consecutive) terms, during which he became known for springing surprising and humorous initiatives upon the city's inhabitants. These tended to involve grand gestures, including local artists or personal appearances by the mayor himself\u2014taking a shower in a commercial about conserving water, or walking the streets dressed in spandex and a cape as Supercitizen. On 4 March 2010, he was elected in a public consultation as the Colombian Green Party candidate for the presidential election in 2010.\nOn 4 April 2010, Antanas Mockus chose Sergio Fajardo, former mayor of Medell\u00edn, as his vice-presidential running mate. On 9 April 2010 he announced that he had been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He told La W radio: \"The prediction is that this will not affect my mental activities. I think it is absolutely fitting to tell the people about the diagnosis and about the prognosis\u2014which is 12 years or more of normal life thanks to medication.\" Mockus finished second in the polling, leading to a runoff election with Juan Manuel Santos, which Santos won. Mockus resigned from the Green Party in June 2011 because he opposed its Bogot\u00e1 mayoral candidate being supported by former right-wing President \u00c1lvaro Uribe.He became Senator of the Republic of Colombia in July 2018, after being the second candidate with the most votes in the legislative elections held on March 11, 2018. He is also the president of the Corporaci\u00f3n Visionarios por Colombia (Corpovisionarios), center of thought and non-profit action that investigates, advises, designs and implements actions to achieve voluntary changes in collective behavior.\n\n", "Q95469": "Robert Leiber, S.J. (10 April 1887 \u2013 18 February 1967) was a close advisor to Pope Pius XII, a Jesuit priest from Germany, and Professor for Church History at the Gregorian University in Rome from 1930 to 1960. Leiber was, according to Pius's biographer Susan Zuccotti, \"throughout his entire papacy his private secretary and closest advisor\".", "Q15898171": "The survival film is a film genre in which one or more characters make an effort at physical survival. It often overlaps with other film genres. It is a subgenre of the adventure film, along with swashbuckler films, war films, and safari films. Survival films are darker than most other adventure films which usually focus their storyline on a single character, usually the protagonist. The films tend to be \"located primarily in a contemporary context\" so film audiences are familiar with the setting, meaning the characters' activities are less romanticized.In a 1988 book, Thomas Sobchack compared the survival film to romance: \"They both emphasize the heroic triumph over obstacles which threaten social order and the reaffirmation of predominant social values such as fair play and respect for merit and cooperation.\" The author said survival films \"identify and isolate a microcosm of society\", such as the surviving group from the plane crash in The Flight of the Phoenix (1965) or those on the overturned ocean liner in The Poseidon Adventure (1972). Sobchack explained, \"Most of the time in a survival film is spent depicting the process whereby the group, cut off from the securities and certainties of the ordinary support networks of civilized life, forms itself into a functioning, effective unit.\" The group often varies in types of characters, sometimes to the point of caricature. While women have historically been stereotyped in such films, they \"often play a decisive role in the success or failure of the group\".", "Q463694": "Jacob \u00c9mile Albert Mayrisch (10 October 1862 \u2013 5 March 1928) was a Luxembourgian industrialist and businessman. He served as president of Arbed.\nHe was married to Aline de Saint-Hubert, who was a famous women's rights campaigner, socialite and philanthropist, and was President of the Luxembourg Red Cross.\nHe died in a car accident at Ch\u00e2lons-sur-Marne, in France, in 1928.", "Q105094": "G\u00f6tz Heidelberg (1 March 1923 in Bergisch Gladbach-Bensberg near Cologne \u2013 22 April 2017) was a German constructing engineer and entrepreneur known for the development of Maglev magnetic transportation systems.\nHe implemented the first functional magnetic vehicle at 1:1 scale at a 600-meter long test track in Ottobrunn. The 7-meter-long vehicle, weighing 6 tons, is now at the Deutsches Museum.", "Q256474": "Stefanie Powers (born Stefania Zofya Federkiewicz; November 2, 1942) is an American actress best known for her role as Jennifer Hart in the American mystery series Hart to Hart, with Robert Wagner, which aired for five seasons from 1979 to 1984. Powers and Wagner later reunited for eight Hart to Hart TV movies in the 1990s. She is a two-time Emmy Award nominee and five-time Golden Globe Award nominee.", "Q78907": "Franz Wilhelm Sieber (30 March 1789 \u2013 17 December 1844), was a botanist and collector who travelled to Europe, the Middle East, Southern Africa and Australia.\n\n", "Q89040": "Kurt Mahr (8 March 1934 \u2013 27 June 1993, real name Klaus Mahn; former pseudonym Cecil O. Mailer) was German author and one of the first authors of the series Perry-Rhodan, the largest Science fiction series of the world.", "Q1622313": "James Christian Charters (born 18 January 1988), better known as Ironik (formerly as DJ Ironik), is a British musician, DJ and rapper. His genre of music varies from hip hop, grime, R&B and UK garage. DJ Ironik was born in London.\nDJ Ironik has had three UK top 10 hits; Stay With Me charted at No. 5, Tiny Dancer (Hold Me Closer) charted at No. 3 and also I Got Soul, a charity single which reached No. 10 in the UK charts and has also had several top 5 hits in other European countries.", "Q45338": "G\u00fcnther Kaufmann (16 June 1947 \u2013 10 May 2012) was a German film actor best known for his association with director Rainer Werner Fassbinder. Fassbinder directed Kaufmann in a total of 14 films, casting him in leading and minor roles. Kaufmann was also romantically involved with the director for a time.In 2002, Kaufmann was accused of murder in relation to the 2001 death of Hartmut Hagen, a 60-year-old accountant whom Kaufmann's wife had defrauded. The death was ruled accidental, though Kaufmann was sentenced to prison for lesser crimes relating to the incident. In 2005, a new police investigation discovered that Kaufmann was innocent, and had confessed to the crimes to cover up for his late wife, who may have been the perpetrator. He was subsequently released from prison and resumed his acting career.", "Q401777": "Mary Costa (born April 5, 1930) is an American opera singer and actress. Her most notable film credit is providing the voice of Princess Aurora in the 1959 Disney animated film Sleeping Beauty. Costa is an operatic soprano.", "Q273804": "Laura Camaur (5 January 1913 \u2013 13 September 1984), known by the stage name Laura Solari, was an Italian film actress.", "Q99253": "Wilhelm Bloedorn (* 6. April 1887 in Kuku\u0142owo, Kreis Cammin; \u2020 24. March 1946 in Speziallager F\u00fcnfeichen bei Neubrandenburg) was a member of the Reichstag for the Nazi Party (NSDAP). He joined the NSDAP around 1928.", "Q160618": "Brokeback Mountain is a 2005 American romantic drama film directed by Ang Lee and produced by Diana Ossana and James Schamus. Adapted from the 1997 short story of the same name by Annie Proulx, the screenplay was written by Ossana and Larry McMurtry. The film stars Heath Ledger, Jake Gyllenhaal, Anne Hathaway, and Michelle Williams and depicts the complex emotional and sexual relationship between Ennis Del Mar and Jack Twist in the American West from 1963 to 1983.Lee became attached to the project after a series of attempts to adapt the short story into a film by various directors never materialized. Focus Features would co-produce it alongside River Road Entertainment as well as distribute the film. Ledger and Gyllenhaal's casting was announced in 2003, and filming subsequently commenced in various locations in Canada in 2004. The following year, Brokeback Mountain premiered at the Venice Film Festival in September and was released on December 9, 2005.\nThe film received critical acclaim, mainly for Lee's direction and Ledger, Gyllenhaal, and Williams's performances, and was placed on many film critics' 2005 top ten lists. It was also commercially successful, grossing $178 million worldwide against its $14 million budget, withstanding issues regarding distribution in a number of countries. The film attained awards for Best Picture and Best Director at the British Academy Film Awards, Golden Globe Awards, Producers Guild of America Awards, Critics' Choice Movie Awards, and Independent Spirit Awards, among others. It also received eight Academy Award nominations, the most nominations at the 78th Academy Awards, where it won three\u2013Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Original Score.\nBrokeback Mountain was also a subject of controversies, such as its loss to Crash for the Academy Award for Best Picture in an upset as well as criticism from conservative media outlets. Conversely, while the sexuality of its characters has been heavily discussed, Brokeback Mountain has also been regarded as a stepping stone for the advancement of queer cinema into the mainstream. Years later, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress in 2018.", "Q96160": "Stefan Roloff (born 1953 Berlin) is a painter, video artist and filmmaker, living and working in New York and Berlin. He is a pioneer of digital video and photography.", "Q588621": "Franco Evangelisti (10 February 1923 \u2013 11 November 1993) was an Italian politician, a member of Democrazia Cristiana (DC) and a long-standing follower of Giulio Andreotti.", "Q482318": "Donald Oscar Pederson (September 30, 1925 \u2013 December 25, 2004) was an American professor of electrical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, and one of the designers of SPICE, a simulator for integrated circuits that has been universally used as a teaching tool and in the everyday work of circuits engineers. The IEEE Donald O. Pederson Award in Solid-State Circuits is named in his honor.", "Q150903": "Gong Li (born 31 December 1965) is a Chinese-born Singaporean actress. One of the most famous actresses of China's Fifth Generation cinema, she starred in three of the four Academy Award for Best International Feature Film-nominated Chinese-language films.\nGong was born in Shenyang, Liaoning, and grew up in Jinan, Shandong. She enrolled at the Central Academy of Drama in Beijing, from where she graduated in 1989. While a student at the Academy, she was spotted by director Zhang Yimou and debuted in Zhang's Red Sorghum in 1987. Gong and Zhang's professional and personal relationship received much media attention in the Chinese-speaking world, as they continued to collaborate on a string of critically acclaimed movies, including the Oscar-nominated features Ju Dou (1990) and Raise the Red Lantern (1991). For her role in the Zhang-directed The Story of Qiu Ju (1992), Gong won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival.\nGong also starred in the Chen Kaige-directed Oscar-nominated Farewell My Concubine (1993), for which she won Best Supporting Actress at the New York Film Critics Circle Awards. Other notable appearances include Breaking the Silence (2000), Zhou Yu's Train (2003), 2046 (2004), Memoirs of a Geisha (2005), Curse of the Golden Flower (2006), and Coming Home (2014). Gong was head of jury at the 2000 Berlin Film Festival and the 2002 Venice Film Festival, the first Chinese to hold such position at both events. Throughout her career, Gong has won three Hundred Flowers Awards, two Golden Rooster Awards, and honourary awards at the Berlin and Cannes film festivals. She was appointed a Commander (Commandeur) of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the government of France in 2010.", "Q80702": "The Spanish Empire (Spanish: Imperio Espa\u00f1ol; Latin: Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Spanish: Monarqu\u00eda Hisp\u00e1nica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Spanish: Monarqu\u00eda Cat\u00f3lica), was one of the largest empires in history. From the late 15th century to the early 19th, Spain controlled a huge overseas territory in the New World, the Asian archipelago of the Philippines, what they called \"The Indies\" (Spanish: Las Indias) and territories in Europe, Africa and Oceania. It was one of the most powerful empires of the 16th and 17th centuries. The Spanish Empire became known as \"the empire on which the sun never sets\" and reached its maximum extension in the 18th century.Castile became the dominant kingdom in Iberia because of its jurisdiction over the overseas empire in the Americas and the Philippines. The structure of empire was established under the Spanish Habsburgs (1516\u20131700), and under the Spanish Bourbon monarchs the empire was brought under greater crown control and increased its revenues from the Indies. The crown's authority in The Indies was enlarged by the papal grant of powers of patronage, giving it power in the religious sphere. An important element in the formation of Spain's empire was the dynastic union between Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, known as the Catholic Monarchs, which initiated political, religious and social cohesion but not political unification. Iberian kingdoms retained their political identities, with particular administration and juridical configurations.\nAlthough the power of the Spanish sovereign as monarch varied from one territory to another, the monarch acted as such in a unitary manner over all the ruler's territories through a system of councils: the unity did not mean uniformity. In 1580, when Philip II of Spain succeeded to the throne of Portugal (as Philip I), he established the Council of Portugal, which oversaw Portugal and its empire and \"preserv[ed] its own laws, institutions, and monetary system, and united only in sharing a common sovereign.\" The Iberian Union remained in place until in 1640, when Portugal reestablished the independence under the House of Braganza.Under Philip II (1556\u201398), Spain was identified as the most powerful European nation globally, despite being simultaneously involved in the Dutch revolt, the French wars of religion, and conflicts with England. In 1580, Philip II of Spain gained a position of colonial dominance, adding Portugal and its empire to the greatest Mediterranean maritime powers (Castile, Aragon, Sicily and Naples), the Spanish Netherlands, Franche-Comt\u00e9 in France, the Rhineland in Germany, an uninterrupted tract of the Americas from the viceroyalty of New Spain bordering modern-day Canada all the way down to Patagonia, trading ports throughout India and South Asia, the Spanish East Indies, and select holdings in Guinea and North Africa. He also had a claim on England by marriage.The Spanish empire in the Americas was formed after conquering indigenous empires and claiming large stretches of land, beginning with Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean Islands. In the early 16th century, it conquered and incorporated the Aztec and Inca empires, retaining indigenous elites loyal to the Spanish crown and converts to Christianity as intermediaries between their communities and royal government. After a short period of delegation of authority by the crown in the Americas, the crown asserted control over those territories and established the Council of the Indies to oversee rule there. The crown then established viceroyalties in the two main areas of settlement, Mexico and Peru, both regions of dense indigenous populations and mineral wealth. The Spanish Magellan-Elcano circumnavigation\u2014the first circumnavigation of the Earth\u2014laid the foundation for the Pacific oceanic empire of Spain and of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines.\nThe structure of governance of its overseas empire was significantly reformed in the late 18th century by the Bourbon monarchs. The crown's trade monopoly was broken early in the seventeenth century, with the crown colluding with the merchant guild for fiscal reasons in circumventing the supposedly closed system. In the seventeenth century, the diversion of silver revenue to pay for European consumer goods and the rising costs of defense of its empire meant that \"tangible benefits of America to Spain were dwindling...at a moment when the costs of empire were climbing sharply.\"The Bourbon monarchy attempted to expand the possibilities for trade within the empire, by allowing commerce between all ports in the empire, and took other measures to revive economic activity to the benefit of Spain. The Bourbons had inherited \"an empire invaded by rivals, an economy shorn of manufactures, a crown deprived of revenue... [and tried to reverse the situation by] taxing colonists, tightening control, and fighting off foreigners. In the process, they gained a revenue and lost an empire.\" The Napoleonic invasion of the Iberian peninsula precipitated the Spanish American wars of independence (1808\u20131826), resulting in the loss of its most valuable colonies. In its former colonies in the Americas, Spanish is the dominant language and Catholicism the main religion, enduring cultural legacies of the Spanish Empire.", "Q90511": "Christa Tordy (born Anneliese Uhlhorn, 30 June 1904 \u2013 28 April 1945) was a German film actress. She was discovered while visiting her cousin Mady Christians in Berlin, and briefly became a leading star before retiring after marrying Harry Liedtke. She was murdered along with her husband by the Soviet Red Army at her home during its invasion of Germany during World War II.", "Q316722": "Bogumil Dawison (May 15, 1818 \u2013 February 1, 1872) was a German actor.\nHe was born in Warsaw, of Jewish parents. At the age of nineteen he went on the stage. In 1839 he received an appointment to the theater of Lemberg in Galicia. In 1847 he played at Hamburg with marked success. From 1849 to 1854 he was a member of the Burg theatre in Vienna, and then became connected with the Dresden court theater. In 1864 he was given a life engagement, but later resigned it. He visited the United States in 1866. He died in Dresden in 1872.Dawison was considered in Germany an actor of a new type; a leading critic wrote that he and Marie Seebach swept like fresh gales over dusty tradition, and brushing aside the monotony of declamation gave to their roles more character and vivacity than had hitherto been known on the German stage. His chief parts were Mephistopheles, Franz Moor, Mark Antony, Hamlet, Charles V, Richard III and King Lear.", "Q1352371": "Joseph Benjamin Hutto (April 26, 1926 \u2013 June 12, 1983) was an American blues musician. He was influenced by Elmore James and became known for his slide guitar playing and declamatory style of singing. He was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame two years after his death.\n\n", "Q328814": "John Herzfeld is an American film and television director, screenwriter, actor and producer. His feature film directing credits include Two of a Kind (1983), 2 Days in the Valley (1996), 15 Minutes (2001) and The Death and Life of Bobby Z (2007). He has also directed numerous made-for-television movies, including The Ryan White Story (1989), The Preppie Murder (1989), Casualties of Love: The Long Island Lolita Story (1993) and Don King: Only in America (1997) for which he was nominated for an Emmy and won the DGA award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Dramatic Specials. He won a Daytime Emmy Award for directing the 1980 ABC Afterschool Special titled \"Stoned\".", "Q976176": "Saul Rubinek (born July 2, 1948) is a German-born Canadian character actor, director, playwright, and producer of television, theatre, and film. He has had roles in notable films including Against All Odds (1984), Wall Street (1987), The Bonfire of the Vanities (1990), True Romance (1993), and Unforgiven (1992).Rubinek is also known for his role as Artie Nielsen in the Syfy series Warehouse 13 and Louis B. Mayer in The Last Tycoon, and has had recurring roles on Frasier, A Nero Wolfe Mystery, and Leverage. He is a five-time Genie Award nominee, winning Best Supporting Actor for Ticket to Heaven (1981), and a two-time Gemini Award nominee. His first play, Terrible Advice premiered in September 2011.", "Q2536856": "Chris Anderson (born 1957) is a British-American businessman who is the head of TED, a non-profit organization that provides idea-based talks and hosts an annual conference in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Previously he founded Future Publishing.\n\n", "Q212550": "Born Peter Cartwright, Jr., or better known as Peter Cartwright, and also known as \"Uncle Peter\", \"Backwoods Preacher\", \"Lord's Plowman\", \"Lord's Breaking-Plow\", and \"The Kentucky Boy\" (September 1, 1785 \u2013 September 25, 1872), was an American Methodist, revivalist, preacher, in the Midwest, as well as twice an elected legislator in Illinois. Cartwright, a Methodist missionary, helped start America's Second Great Awakening, personally baptizing twelve thousand converts. Opposed to slavery, Cartwright moved from Kentucky to Illinois, and was elected to the lower house of the Illinois General Assembly in 1828 and 1832. In 1846 Abraham Lincoln defeated Cartwright for a seat in the United States Congress. As a Methodist circuit rider, Cartwright rode circuits in Kentucky and Illinois, as well as Tennessee, Indiana and Ohio. His Autobiography (1856) made him nationally prominent.", "Q608927": "Pedro Escart\u00edn Mor\u00e1n (August 8, 1902 \u2013 May 21, 1998) was a Spanish football player, referee, coach, journalist and author.\nHe was an international referee from 1928 to 1948, and a member of the FIFA Disciplinary Committee for 27 years. He also went on to manage the Spain national football team in two different tenures. He was also a journalist in Spain for most of his life, and is a well-respected figure of the sport in Spain in the 20th century.", "Q12506": "Hagia Sophia (; from the Greek '\u0391\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03a3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1, pronounced [ha\u02c8\u029dia so\u02c8fia], \"Holy Wisdom\"; Latin: Sancta Sophia or Sancta Sapientia; Turkish: Ayasofya) is the former Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal cathedral, later an Ottoman imperial mosque and now a museum (Ayasofya M\u00fczesi) in Istanbul, Turkey. Built in AD 537 during the reign of Justinian. It is famous for its large dome. It was the world's largest building and an engineering marvel of its time. It is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and is said to have \"changed the history of architecture\".The Hagia Sophia is of masonry construction. The structure has brick and mortar joints that are 1.5 times the width of the bricks. The mortar joints are composed of a combination of sand and minute ceramic pieces distributed evenly throughout the mortar joints. This combination of sand and ceramic pieces could be considered the contemporaneous equivalent of modern concrete.From the date of its completion in 537 until 1453, it served as an Eastern Orthodox cathedral and the seat of the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople, except between 1204 and 1261, when it was converted by the Fourth Crusaders to a Roman Catholic cathedral under the Latin Empire. The building was later converted into an Ottoman mosque from 29 May 1453 until 1931. It was then secularized and opened as a museum on 1 February 1935. It remained the world's largest cathedral for nearly a thousand years, until Seville Cathedral was completed in 1520.\nThe building was constructed between 532 and 537 on the orders of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I as the third Church of the Holy Wisdom to occupy the site, the prior one having been destroyed by rioters in the Nika riots. It was designed by the Greek geometers Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles. The church was dedicated to the Wisdom of God, the Logos, the second person of the Trinity, its patronal feast taking place on 25 December, the commemoration of the birth of the incarnation of the Logos in Christ. Although sometimes referred to as Sancta Sophia (as though it were named after Sophia the Martyr), sophia is the phonetic spelling in Latin of the Greek word for wisdom. Its full name in Greek is \u039d\u03b1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd \u03a3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, Naos t\u0113s Hagias tou Theou Sophias, \"Shrine of the Holy Wisdom of God\". The church housed a large collection of relics and featured a 15-metre (49 ft) silver iconostasis. The focal point of the Eastern Orthodox Church for nearly one thousand years, the building witnessed the excommunication of Patriarch Michael I Cerularius officially communicated by Humbert of Silva Candida, the papal envoy of Pope Leo IX in 1054, an act that is commonly considered the start of the East\u2013West Schism.\nIn 1453, Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed the Conqueror, who ordered this main church of Eastern Orthodox Christianity converted into a mosque. Although some parts of the city of Constantinople had fallen into disrepair, the cathedral had been maintained with funds set aside for this purpose, and the Christian cathedral made a strong impression on the new Ottoman rulers who conceived its conversion. The bells, altar, iconostasis, and other relics were destroyed and the mosaics depicting Jesus, his mother Mary, Christian saints, and angels were eventually destroyed or plastered over. Islamic features \u2013 such as the mihrab (a niche in the wall indicating the direction toward Mecca, for prayer), minbar (pulpit), and four minarets \u2013 were added. It remained a mosque until 1931 when it was closed to the public for four years. It was re-opened in 1935 as a museum by the Republic of Turkey. Hagia Sophia was, as of 2014, the second-most visited museum in Turkey, attracting almost 3.3 million visitors annually. According to data released by the Turkish Culture and Tourism Ministry, Hagia Sophia was Turkey's most visited tourist attraction in 2015 and 2019.From its initial conversion until the construction of the nearby Sultan Ahmed Mosque, aka the Blue Mosque of Istanbul, in 1616, it was the principal mosque of Istanbul. The Byzantine architecture of the Hagia Sophia served as inspiration for many other Ottoman mosques, including the Blue Mosque, the \u015eehzade Mosque, the S\u00fcleymaniye Mosque, the R\u00fcstem Pasha Mosque and the K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali Pasha Complex.", "Q80064": "Elias Canetti (; Bulgarian: \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0441 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438; 25 July 1905 \u2013 14 August 1994) was a German-language author, born in Ruse, Bulgaria to a merchant family. They moved to Manchester, England, but his father died in 1912, and his mother took her three sons back to the continent. They settled in Vienna.\nCanetti moved to England in 1938 after the Anschluss to escape Nazi persecution. He became a British citizen in 1952. He is known as a modernist novelist, playwright, memoirist, and non-fiction writer. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1981, \"for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power\". He is noted for his non-fiction book Crowds and Power, among other works.", "Q7038": "Girona (, Catalan: [\u0292i\u02c8\u027eon\u0259], Spanish: Gerona [xe\u02c8\u027eona]) is a city in Catalonia, Spain, at the confluence of the rivers Ter, Onyar, Galligants, and G\u00fcell and has an official population of 101,852 in 2019. It is the capital of the province of the same name and of the comarca of the Giron\u00e8s. It is located 99 km (62 mi) northeast of Barcelona.", "Q734774": "Saint Louis University (SLU) is a private Jesuit research university with campuses in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, and Madrid, Spain. Founded in 1818 by Louis Guillaume Valentin Dubourg, it is the oldest university west of the Mississippi River and the second-oldest Jesuit university in the United States. It is one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities. The university is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. SLU's athletic teams compete in NCAA's Division I and are a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. It has an enrollment of 12,546 students with an additional 7,101 students enrolled in its 1818 advanced college credit program. The 2019-20 student body includes 8,072 undergraduate students and 4,474 graduate students that represents all 50 states and more than 82 foreign countries. Its average class size for undergraduates is 26 and the student-faculty ratio is 9:1.For more than 50 years, the university has maintained a campus in Madrid, Spain. The Madrid campus was the first freestanding campus operated by an American university in Europe and the first American institution to be recognized by Spain's higher education authority as an official foreign university. The campus has 850 students, a faculty of 110, an average class size of 17 and a student-faculty ratio of 12:1.", "Q356460": "Dick Spring (born 29 August 1950) is an Irish businessman and former politician. He was a Labour Party Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) for the Kerry North from 1981 to 2002. He became leader of the Labour Party in 1982, and held this position until 1997. He served as Minister for the Environment (1982\u201383), Minister for Energy (1983\u201387) and Minister for Foreign Affairs (1993\u2013Nov. 1994, Dec. 1994\u201397).\nHe served as T\u00e1naiste during those three governments. Prior to his political career Spring was a successful sportsman who played for the Ireland national rugby union team.", "Q1449": "Genoa ( JEN-oh-\u0259; Italian: Genova [\u02c8d\u0292\u025b\u02d0nova] (listen); Ligurian: Z\u00eana [\u02c8ze\u02d0na]; English, historically, and Latin: Genua) is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian census, the Province of Genoa, which in 2015 became the Metropolitan City of Genoa, counted 855,834 resident persons. Over 1.5 million people live in the wider metropolitan area stretching along the Italian Riviera.Located on the Gulf of Genoa in the Ligurian Sea, Genoa has historically been one of the most important ports on the Mediterranean: it is currently the busiest in Italy and in the Mediterranean Sea and twelfth-busiest in the European Union. Genoa has been nicknamed la Superba (\"the proud one\") due to its glorious past and impressive landmarks. Part of the old town of Genoa was inscribed on the World Heritage List (UNESCO) in 2006 as Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli. The city's rich cultural history in art, music and cuisine allowed it to become the 2004 European Capital of Culture. It is the birthplace of Christopher Columbus, Andrea Doria, Niccol\u00f2 Paganini, Giuseppe Mazzini, Renzo Piano and Grimaldo Canella, founder of the House of Grimaldi, among others.\nGenoa, which forms the southern corner of the Milan-Turin-Genoa industrial triangle of Northwest Italy, is one of the country's major economic centers. The city has hosted massive shipyards and steelworks since the 19th century, and its solid financial sector dates back to the Middle Ages. The Bank of Saint George, founded in 1407, is among the oldest in the world and has played an important role in the city's prosperity since the middle of the 15th century. A number of leading Italian companies are based in the city, including Fincantieri, Selex ES, Ansaldo Energia, Ansaldo STS, Edoardo Raffinerie Garrone, Piaggio Aerospace, Mediterranean Shipping Company and Costa Cruises.", "Q557525": "Marcel Lucien Tournier (January 5, 1879 \u2013 May 8, 1951) was a French harpist, composer, and teacher who composed important solo repertory for the harp that expanded the technical and harmonic possibilities of the instrument. His works are regularly performed in concert and recorded by professional harpists, and they are often test pieces for harp-performance competitions. A student of Alphonse Hasselmans at the Paris Conservatory, Tournier won the Second Grand Prize of the Prix de Rome in 1909. He also won the Rossini Prize for Laura et Petrarch.Tournier succeeded his teacher as professor of harp in 1912, holding that position until 1948, training two generations of harpists from France, the United States, other European countries, and Japan. Tournier composed several dozen solos for harp, a number of chamber works that feature the harp prominently, and a few works for piano and for orchestra. Notable students include American harpist and educator Eileen Malone.", "Q49264": "Lisa Marie Nowak (n\u00e9e Caputo, born May 10, 1963) is an American engineer, former naval flight officer and NASA astronaut. Born in Washington, D.C., she was selected by NASA in 1996 and qualified as a mission specialist in robotics. Nowak flew aboard Space Shuttle Discovery during the STS-121 mission in July 2006, where she was responsible for operating the robotic arms of the shuttle and the International Space Station.\nOn February 5, 2007, she was arrested in Orlando, Florida, and subsequently charged with the attempted kidnapping of U.S. Air Force Captain Colleen Shipman, who was romantically involved with astronaut William Oefelein. Nowak was released on bail, and initially pleaded not guilty to the charges, which included attempted kidnapping, burglary with assault, and battery. Her assignment to the space agency as an astronaut was terminated by NASA effective March 8, 2007. On November 10, 2009, Nowak agreed to a plea deal with prosecutors and pleaded guilty to charges of felony burglary of a car and misdemeanor battery.\nNowak remained a Navy captain until August 2010, when a naval board of inquiry, composed of three admirals, voted unanimously to reduce Nowak in rank to commander and to discharge her from the Navy under other than honorable conditions.", "Q18394603": "Togbe Afede XIV born James Akpo (born 23 April 1957) is the President of the National House of Chiefs, the Agbogbomefia of the Asogli State and President of Asogli Traditional Area.\n\n", "Q558616": "Homberg is a small town in the northern part of Hesse, a state in central Germany, with about 15,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of the Schwalm-Eder district. In 2008, the town hosted the 48th Hessentag state festival.", "Q113190": "Dr. Alexander Tollmann (June 27, 1928 \u2013 August 8, 2007) was an Austrian professor of geology.\nHe was born in Vienna. He had been professor at the Geologischen Institut of the University of Vienna since 1969. He was a political activist working to free Austria from nuclear energy and a founder of the Austrian Green Party (Vereinten Gr\u00fcnen \u00d6sterreichs or VG\u00d6).\nLater in his life, he turned to esoteric fields and published obscure hypotheses for which he was strongly criticized by the scientific community. In 1993, with his wife, paleontologist Edith Kristan-Tollmann, he published a monograph, Und die Sintflut gab es doch. Vom Mythos zur historischen Wahrheit, which claimed that Noah's flood was the consequence of a bolide impact about 9500 years ago, and supported the claim through geology (impact craters, iridium, shatter cones, stress lamination of minerals, radiocarbon dating, dendrochronology, a peak of acid in the Greenland ice) and legends and folk traditions. See Tollmann's hypothetical bolide. In 1998 the husband-and-wife team (posthumously; his wife had died in 1995) published Das Weltenjahr geht zur Neige: Mythos und Wahrheit der Prophezeiungen. The book was on the Austrian bestseller list for weeks. In August 1999, he predicted a world-wide catastrophe that he awaited in his bunker in Lower Austria. In December 2003, Tollmann published Und die Wahrheit siegt schlie\u00dflich doch (And the truth finally prevails).", "Q551154": "Delmar Drew Arnaud (born May 25, 1973), of the stage name Daz Dillinger, formerly Dat Nigga Daz, and commonly Daz, is an American rapper and record producer who, in the 1990s, at Death Row Records, aided the catapult of West Coast rap and gangsta rap into the mainstream. Along with Kurupt, he also forms a rap duo, Tha Dogg Pound.\nDaz learned production from Dr. Dre in working on Dre's debut solo album, The Chronic, in 1992. Daz did more on Snoop Dogg's debut solo album Doggystyle in 1993, and secured his production standing on 2Pac's All Eyez on Me in 1996. Since leaving Death Row around 2000, Daz has focused on his own, indie releases through his D.P.G. Recordz.", "Q674422": "T\u00eate de Valpelline is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the Swiss-Italian border. It lies west of the Dent d'H\u00e9rens, between the valleys of Mattertal (Valais) and Valpelline (Aosta Valley).", "Q284254": "Karyn Parsons (born October 8, 1966) is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for her role as Hilary Banks on the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air from 1990 to 1996. Parsons also starred in the 1995 film Major Payne opposite Damon Wayans.", "Q103383": "Alois Gl\u00fcck (German pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u02d0l\u0254\u028fs \u02c8\u0261l\u028fk]) (born 24 January 1940) is a German politician of the CSU in Bavaria.", "Q622664": "The University of California San Diego (UC San Diego or, colloquially, UCSD) is a public research university in San Diego, California. Established in 1960 near the pre-existing Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego is the seventh-oldest of the 10 University of California campuses and offers over 200 undergraduate and graduate degree programs, enrolling approximately 30,800 undergraduate and 8,000 graduate students. The university occupies 2,141 acres (866 ha) near the coast of the Pacific Ocean, with the main campus resting on approximately 1,152 acres (466 ha).UC San Diego is organized into seven undergraduate residential colleges (Revelle, John Muir, Thurgood Marshall, Earl Warren, Eleanor Roosevelt, Sixth, and Seventh; Seventh College will enroll its first students in Fall 2020), four academic divisions (Arts and Humanities, Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, and Social Sciences), and seven graduate and professional schools (Jacobs School of Engineering, Rady School of Management, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, School of Global Policy and Strategy, School of Medicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and the newly formed Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science). UC San Diego Health, the region's only academic health system, provides patient care, conducts medical research and educates future health care professionals at the UC San Diego Medical Center, Hillcrest, Jacobs Medical Center, Moores Cancer Center, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Koman Family Outpatient Pavilion and various express care and urgent care clinics throughout San Diego.The university operates 19 organized research units (ORUs), including the Center for Energy Research, Qualcomm Institute (a branch of the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology), San Diego Supercomputer Center and the Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, as well as eight School of Medicine research units, six research centers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and two multi-campus initiatives, including the Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation. UC San Diego is also closely affiliated with several regional research centers, such as the Salk Institute, the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, the Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, and the Scripps Research Institute. According to the National Science Foundation, UC San Diego spent $1.133 billion on research and development in fiscal year 2017, ranking it 7th in the nation.UCSD is considered one of the country's Public Ivies. As of August 2018, UC San Diego faculty, researchers and alumni have won 27 Nobel Prizes and three Fields Medals, eight National Medals of Science, eight MacArthur Fellowships, and two Pulitzer Prizes. Additionally, of the current faculty, 29 have been elected to the National Academy of Engineering, 70 to the National Academy of Sciences, 45 to the Institute of Medicine and 110 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.", "Q123053": "Johanna Louise Spyri (n\u00e9e Heusser; German: [jo\u02c8hana \u02c8\u0283pi\u02d0ri]; 12 June 1827 \u2013 7 July 1901) was a Swiss-born author of novels, notably children's stories, and is best known for her book Heidi. Born in Hirzel, a rural area in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, as a child she spent several summers near Chur in Graub\u00fcnden, the setting she later would use in her novels.", "Q165006": "Fernand de Brinon, Marquis de Brinon (French pronunciation: \u200b[fe\u0281n\u0251\u0303 d\u0259 b\u0281in\u0254\u0303]; 26 August 1885 \u2013 15 April 1947) was a French lawyer and journalist who was one of the architects of French collaboration with the Nazis during World War II. He claimed to have had five private talks with Adolf Hitler between 1933 and 1937.", "Q159": "Russia (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u044f, tr. Rossiya, IPA: [r\u0250\u02c8s\u02b2ij\u0259]), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country located in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Covering an area of 17,125,200 square kilometres (6,612,100 sq mi), it is the largest country in the world by area, spanning more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, stretching eleven time zones, and bordering 16 sovereign nations. The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east, and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south. With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country's 85 federal subjects, Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world. Russia's capital and largest city is Moscow; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan and Chelyabinsk.\nThe East Slavs emerged as a recognisable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states, until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR/Soviet Union), the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognised superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognised as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the USSR.The political system of Russia is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic since 1993. Vladimir Putin has dominated Russia's political system since 2000, serving as either president or prime minister. Often characterised as authoritarian, his government has been accused by political activists and human rights groups of human rights abuses, democratic backsliding and corruption. In response, Putin has argued that Western-style liberalism is obsolete in Russia, while maintaining that the country is still a democratic nation.Russia's economy ranks as the fifth-largest in Europe, the eleventh-largest in the world by nominal GDP and the sixth-largest by PPP. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognised nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear warheads. Russia is a major great power, as well as a regional power, and has been characterised as a potential superpower. Its military has been ranked as the world's second most powerful, and the most powerful in Europe. Russia hosts the world's ninth-greatest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, at 29, and is among the world's most popular tourist destinations. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the G20, the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the International Investment Bank (IIB) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and a member of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).", "Q240570": "Kim Althea Gordon (born April 28, 1953) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and bassist, guitarist, and vocalist in the alternative rock band Sonic Youth.\nBorn in Rochester, New York, Gordon was raised in Los Angeles, California, where her father was a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. After graduating from Los Angeles's Otis College of Art and Design, Gordon moved to New York City to begin an art career. There, she formed Sonic Youth with Thurston Moore in 1981. She and Moore married in 1984, and the band released a total of six albums on independent labels before the end of the 1980s. They would subsequently release nine studio albums on the major label DGC Records, beginning with Goo in 1990. Gordon was also a founding member of the musical project Free Kitten, which she formed with Julia Cafritz in 1993.\nSonic Youth released their sixteenth and final studio album, The Eternal (2009), on Matador Records before disbanding in 2011 after Gordon and Moore separated. Following the dissolution of Sonic Youth and her divorce from Moore, Gordon formed the experimental duo Body/Head with Bill Nace, releasing their debut album Coming Apart in 2013. She subsequently formed Glitterbust with Alex Knost, releasing a self-titled debut album in 2016. Body/Head released their second studio album, The Switch, in 2018. She released her first solo album, No Home Record, in 2019. \nIn addition to her work as a musician, Gordon has had ventures in record producing, fashion, and acting, and has worked consistently as a visual artist throughout her musical career. She debuted as a producer on Hole's debut album Pretty on the Inside (1991), and founded the Los Angeles-based clothing line X-Girl in 1993. Beginning in the mid-2000s, Gordon began acting, making minor appearances in such films as Last Days (2005) and I'm Not There (2007), followed by guest-starring appearances on several television series. In February 2015, she published a memoir, Girl in a Band, by HarperCollins imprint Dey Street Books.", "Q49270": "Chula Vista (; Spanish for '\"beautiful view\"' ) is the second largest city in the San Diego metropolitan area, the seventh largest city in Southern California, the fourteenth largest city in the state of California, and the 76th-largest city in the United States. The population was 243,916 as of the 2010 census. Located about halfway \u2014 7.5 miles (12.1 km) \u2014 between the two downtowns of San Diego and Tijuana in the South Bay, the city is at the center of one of the richest economic and culturally diverse zones in the United States. Chula Vista is so named because of its scenic location between the San Diego Bay and coastal mountain foothills.\nThe area, along with San Diego, was inhabited by the Kumeyaay before contact from the Spanish, who later claimed the area. In 1821, Chula Vista became part of the newly declared Mexican Empire, which reformed as the First Mexican Republic two years later. California became part of the United States in 1848 as a result of the Mexican\u2013American War and was admitted to the union as a state in 1850.\nFounded in the early 19th century, and incorporated in October 1911, fast population growth has recently been observed in the city. Located in the city is one of America's few year-round United States Olympic Training centers, while popular tourist destinations include Aquatica San Diego, North Island Credit Union Amphitheatre, the Chula Vista marina, and the Living Coast Discovery Center.", "Q464689": "Leyla Zana (born 3 May 1961), is a Kurdish politician, who was imprisoned for 10 years for her political activism, which was deemed by the Turkish courts to be against the unity of the country. She was awarded the 1995 Sakharov Prize by the European Parliament, but was unable to collect it until her release in 2004. She was also awarded the Rafto Prize in 1994 after being recognized by the Rafto Foundation for being incarcerated for her peaceful struggle for the human rights of the Kurdish people in Turkey and the neighbouring countries.", "Q85108": "Johann Gottfried Scheibel (16 September 1783 \u2013 21 March 1843) was a German theologian and a leader of the Old Lutherans.", "Q730506": "Laeken (French: [lak\u025bn]) or Laken (Dutch: [\u02c8la\u02d0k\u0259(n)] (listen)) is a residential suburb in north-west Brussels in Belgium. It belongs to the municipality of the City of Brussels and is mostly identified by the Belgian postal code : B-1020. Prior to 1921 it was a separate municipality.", "Q557531": "James Otis Jr. (February 5, 1725 \u2013 May 23, 1783) was a lawyer, political activist, pamphleteer, and legislator in Boston, a member of the Massachusetts provincial assembly, and an early advocate of the Patriot views against British policy which led to the American Revolution. His well-known catchphrase \"Taxation without Representation is tyranny\" became the basic Patriot position.", "Q584769": "William Buehler Seabrook (February 22, 1884 \u2013 September 20, 1945) was an American occultist, explorer, traveler, cannibal, and journalist, born in Westminster, Maryland. He began his career as a reporter and City Editor of the Augusta Chronicle in Georgia and later became a partner in an advertising agency in Atlanta.", "Q10305": "Zaragoza (also called Saragossa in English) is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tributaries, the Huerva and the G\u00e1llego, roughly in the center of both Aragon and the Ebro basin.\nOn 1 January 2019 the population of the city of Zaragoza was 706,904, within its administrative limits on a land area of 1,062.64 square kilometres (410.29 square miles), ranking fifth in Spain. It is the 32nd most populous municipality in the European Union. The population of the metropolitan area was estimated in 2006 at 783,763 inhabitants. The municipality is home to more than 50 percent of the Aragonese population.\nThe city lies at an elevation of 199 metres (653 feet) above sea level.\nZaragoza hosted Expo 2008 in the summer of 2008, a world's fair on water and sustainable development. It was also a candidate for the European Capital of Culture in 2012.\nThe city is famous for its folklore, local gastronomy, and landmarks such as the Bas\u00edlica del Pilar, La Seo Cathedral and the Aljafer\u00eda Palace.\nTogether with La Seo and the Aljafer\u00eda, several other buildings form part of the Mud\u00e9jar Architecture of Aragon which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Fiestas del Pilar are among the most celebrated festivals in Spain.", "Q1630065": "Anthony Thomas \"Tony\" DeBlois is a blind American autistic savant and musician.", "Q465597": "Gretchen Elizabeth Carlson (born June 21, 1966) is an American journalist, author, and former television commentator.\nShe was named one of Time Magazine's 100 Most Influential People In The World in 2017. Carlson was the 1989 Miss America while representing her native state of Minnesota. She graduated from Stanford University with honors before embarking on a career in television. Gaining experience as anchor and reporter for several local network affiliates, she joined CBS News as a correspondent in 2000 and became the co-host of the Saturday edition of The Early Show.\nIn 2005, Carlson moved to Fox News Channel and became the co-host of the morning show Fox & Friends along with Steve Doocy and Brian Kilmeade. In 2013, she announced her departure from Fox & Friends and soon thereafter launched a new program called The Real Story with Gretchen Carlson. Her contract with Fox News expired on June 23, 2016. On July 6, she filed a lawsuit against then Fox News Chairman and CEO Roger Ailes claiming sexual harassment. Subsequently, dozens of other women also stepped forward to accuse Ailes of harassment, and Ailes was forced to resign under pressure. In September 2016, Carlson and 21st Century Fox settled the lawsuit for $20 million.Her autobiography, Getting Real, was published in 2015 by Viking. Her second book, Be Fierce: Stop Harassment and Take Your Power Back was published by Hachette in 2017 and became a New York Times Bestseller.", "Q240564": "Daniela Bianchi (born 31 January 1942) is an Italian actress, best known for her role of Bond girl Tatiana Romanova in the 1963 movie From Russia with Love. She played a Soviet cipher clerk sent to entrap agent 007, James Bond. Bianchi's father was an Italian Army colonel. She studied ballet for eight years, and later worked as a fashion model.", "Q265914": "Deborah Dale Shelton (born November 21, 1948) is an American beauty queen and actress who held the Miss USA title and appeared on Dallas for three seasons and a special guest return in 2013.", "Q90263": "Ernst Conrad Friedrich Schulze (22 March 1789 \u2013 29 June 1817) was a German Romantic poet. He was born and died in Celle.", "Q887831": "Robin \"Bob\" Burns (August 2, 1890 \u2013 February 2, 1956) was an American musical comedian, who appeared on radio and in movies from 1930 to 1947. Burns played a novelty musical instrument of his own invention, which he called a \"bazooka\". During World War II, the US Army's handheld anti-tank rocket launcher was nicknamed the \"bazooka\".", "Q12512": "The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), is a church built in the Renaissance style located in Vatican City, the papal enclave which is within the city of Rome.\nDesigned principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Carlo Maderno and Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St. Peter's is the most renowned work of Renaissance architecture and the largest church in the world. While it is neither the mother church of the Catholic Church nor the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome (these equivalent titles being held by the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome), St. Peter's is regarded as one of the holiest Catholic shrines. It has been described as \"holding a unique position in the Christian world\" and as \"the greatest of all churches of Christendom\".Catholic tradition holds that the basilica is the burial site of Saint Peter, chief among Jesus's apostles and also the first Bishop of Rome (Pope). Saint Peter's tomb is supposedly directly below the high altar of the basilica. For this reason, many popes have been interred at St. Peter's since the Early Christian period. A church has stood on this site since the time of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great. Old St. Peter's Basilica dates from the 4th century AD. Construction of the present basilica began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.St. Peter's is famous as a place of pilgrimage and for its liturgical functions. The pope presides at a number of liturgies throughout the year both within the basilica or the adjoining St. Peter's Square; these liturgies draw audiences numbering from 15,000 to over 80,000 people. St. Peter's has many historical associations, with the Early Christian Church, the Papacy, the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-reformation and numerous artists, especially Michelangelo. As a work of architecture, it is regarded as the greatest building of its age. St. Peter's is one of the four churches in the world that hold the rank of major basilica, all four of which are in Rome. Contrary to popular misconception, it is not a cathedral because it is not the seat of a bishop; the cathedra of the pope as Bishop of Rome is at Saint John Lateran.\n\n", "Q74697": "Edgar Josef Andr\u00e9, or Etkar Josef Andr\u00e9 (17 January 1894 \u2013 4 November 1936) was a politician in the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and an antifascist.", "Q2397569": "Capgemini SE is a French multinational corporation that provides consulting, technology, professional, and outsourcing services. It is headquartered in Paris, France. Capgemini has over 200,000 employees in over 40 countries, of whom nearly 120,000 are in India.\n\n", "Q65942": "Obfelden (Swiss German: Obf\u00e4lde) is a municipality in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q457243": "Chellie Pingree (born April 2, 1955) is an American politician. She is a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Maine's 1st congressional district since 2009. The district includes most of the southern part of the state, including Portland and Augusta.\nPingree was a member of the Maine Senate from 1992 to 2000, serving as majority leader from 1996 to 2000. She was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate in 2002, losing to Republican Susan Collins. From 2003-06, she was President and CEO of Common Cause. She is the first Democratic woman elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine.", "Q2737528": "Sympathy for the Record Industry (also known as Sympathy Records or Sympathy 4 the R.I.) is a mainly independent garage rock and punk label formed in 1988 by Long Gone John. The first Sympathy release was the Lazy Cowgirls' Radio Cowgirl LP, which Long Gone John said he released as a \"favor to the band.\" Sympathy has a catalog of more than 750 releases and is based in Olympia, Washington. The label's name is a play on the song \"Sympathy for the Devil\" by The Rolling Stones.\nNotable artists who started on Sympathy and went on to gain mainstream success include The White Stripes, Hole, and The Electrocutes (the first Donnas incarnation).Long Gone John is the owner and CEO. He is an avid record collector with more than 10,000 records in his collection. He also owns Necessaries Toy Foundation, a company that creates 18-24 inch figures. Long Gone John also operates Sympathetic Press, a book publishing company that prints books with rock and roll themes.The roster has included Jack Off Jill, Screaming Bloody Marys, Scarling., Miss Derringer, The Muffs, Mumps, The (International) Noise Conspiracy, The Von Bondies, Rocket from the Crypt, Billy Childish, Turbonegro, April March, The Splatterheads, The Dwarves, Suicide, The Gun Club, Inger Lorre and Motel Shootout, Man or Astro-man?, The Red Planet Rocketts, Kim Salmon, Bored!, The Waldos, The Mystreated, and Redd Kross.On July 20, 2007 Long Gone John announced via his Myspace Blog that he was selling the label for \"$625,000.00 or $700,000.00 if I don't like you.\"In September 2011, John decided to start releasing records once again. He signed a distribution deal with Independent Label Distribution, then immediately put out a full-length LP as well as three 7\"s by The Ettes. The company now distributes new records as well as many older ones from John's catalog.\nAs of August 2019, the label is dormant or has been shut down.", "Q178725": "Niter\u00f3i (Portuguese pronunciation: [nite\u02c8\u027e\u0254j], [nit\u025b\u02c8\u027e\u0254j]) is a municipality of the state of Rio de Janeiro in the southeast region of Brazil. It lies across Guanabara Bay facing the city of Rio de Janeiro and forms part of the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area. It was the state capital, as marked by its golden mural crown, from 1834 to 1894 and again from 1903 to 1975. It has an estimated population of 511,786 inhabitants (2018) and an area of 129.375 km2 (49.952 sq mi), making it the fifth most populous city in the state. It has the highest Human Development Index of the state and the seventh largest among Brazil's municipalities in 2010. Individually, it is the second municipality with the highest average monthly household income per capita in Brazil and appears in 13th place among the municipalities of the country according to social indicators related to education. The city has the nicknames of Nikity, Nicki City and the Smile City (Cidade Sorriso).\nStudies by the Getulio Vargas Foundation in June 2011 classified Niter\u00f3i as the richest city of Brazil, with 55.7% of the population included in class A. Considering the classes A and B, Niter\u00f3i also appears in the first place, with 85.9% of the population in these classes. According to data from the 2010 IBGE, Niter\u00f3i's nominal gross domestic product was 11.2 billion reais, being the fifth municipality with the highest gross domestic product of the state. The city is the second largest formal employer in the State of Rio de Janeiro, although it occupies the 5th place in terms of the number of inhabitants. The city is one of the main financial, commercial and industrial centers of the State of Rio de Janeiro, being the 12th among the 100 best Brazilian cities to do business.\nNiter\u00f3i was founded on 22 November 1573 by the Tupi Amerindian chief Ararib\u00f3ia, who later was forcibly converted to Roman Catholicism and given the Christian name of Martim Afonso, after the Portuguese explorer Martim Afonso de Sousa, making it the only Brazilian city to have been founded by a non-Christian, non-assimilated Brazilian Amerindian.The municipality contains part of the 2,400 hectares (5,900 acres) Serra da Tiririca State Park, created in 1991.", "Q111793": "Walter S\u00f6hne (7 October 1913 \u2013 24 December 2011) was a pioneer in research on soil mechanics (terramechanics) and on improving the design of agricultural vehicles (tractors etc.), and was a very successful teacher as a professor from 1965 to 1982 at the Technical University of Munich. He wrote many articles in German on related topics, and his \u00dcber die Historie der Bodenbearbeitungs- und Erntetechnik (1992) surveys the history of techniques of agricultural cultivation and harvesting. In the 1970s he served as president of the International Society for Terrain Vehicle Systems.", "Q242373": "Jane Greer (born Bettejane Greer; September 9, 1924 \u2013 August 24, 2001) was an American film and television actress who was perhaps best known for her role as femme fatale Kathie Moffat in the 1947 film noir Out of the Past.", "Q159933": "Dimitrie or Demetrius Cantemir (Romanian pronunciation: [di\u02c8mitri.e kante\u02c8mir] (listen); 26 October 1673 \u2013 21 August 1723), also known by other spellings, was a Moldavian soldier, statesman, and man of letters. He was twice voivode of Moldavia (March\u2013April 1693 and 1710\u20131711). During his second term, he allied his state with Russia in their war against Moldavia's Ottoman overlords; Russia's defeat forced Cantemir's family into exile and the replacement of the native voivodes by the Greek phanariots. Cantemir was also a prolific writer, variously a philosopher, historian, composer, musicologist, linguist, ethnographer, and geographer. His son Antioch, Russia's ambassador to Great Britain and France and a friend of Montesquieu and Voltaire, would go on to be known as \"the father of Russian poetry\".", "Q167163": "Dr Ruth Jane Lea (born 22 September 1947) is a political economist and former British civil servant. \nLea joined the Civil Service before being recruited by the Institute of Directors, a private-sector employer lobbyist, as well as working for policy research bodies and the media. She has been Arbuthnot Banking Group\u2019s Economic Adviser since 2007 and served as an Independent Non-Executive Director from 2005 until 2016.", "Q89054": "Milutin Milankovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b [mil\u01d4tin mil\u01ce\u02d0nk\u0254\u028bit\u0255]; 28 May 1879 \u2013 12 December 1958) was a Serbian mathematician, astronomer, climatologist, geophysicist, civil engineer and popularizer of science.\nMilankovi\u0107 gave two fundamental contributions to global science. The first contribution is the \"Canon of the Earth\u2019s Insolation\", which characterizes the climates of all the planets of the Solar system. The second contribution is the explanation of Earth's long-term climate changes caused by changes in the position of the Earth in comparison to the Sun, now known as Milankovitch cycles. This explained the ice ages occurring in the geological past of the Earth, as well as the climate changes on the Earth which can be expected in the future.\nHe founded planetary climatology by calculating temperatures of the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere as well as the temperature conditions on planets of the inner Solar system, Mercury, Venus, Mars, and the Moon, as well as the depth of the atmosphere of the outer planets. He demonstrated the interrelatedness of celestial mechanics and the Earth sciences, and enabled consistent transition from celestial mechanics to the Earth sciences and transformation of descriptive sciences into exact ones.", "Q72580": "Jan Philipp Albrecht (born 20 December 1982) is a German politician of the Alliance '90/The Greens, part of The Greens-European Free Alliance. Since 2018, he has been serving as Minister for Energy, Agriculture, the Environment, Nature and Digitalization of Schleswig-Holstein. From 2009 until 2018, he was a Member of the European Parliament. He is specialized in the field of civil rights, data protection and democracy.", "Q86367": "Ernst Deutsch, also known as Ernest Dorian (16 September 1890, Prague \u2013 22 March 1969, Berlin), was a Jewish Austrian actor. In 1916, his performance as the protagonist in the world premi\u00e8re of Walter Hasenclever's Expressionist play The Son in Dresden was praised. Deutsch also played the antihero Famulus in Paul Wegener's The Golem: How He Came into the World in 1920. He is known by English-speaking audiences for his role as Baron Kurtz in Carol Reed's 1949 film noir, The Third Man.", "Q299211": "Pierre Cardin (UK: , US: , French: [pj\u025b\u0281 ka\u0281d\u025b\u0303]; born Pietro Cardin on 2 July 1922) is an Italian-born naturalised-French fashion designer. He is known for his avant-garde style and his Space Age designs. He prefers geometric shapes and motifs, often ignoring the female form. He advanced into unisex fashions, sometimes experimental, and not always practical. He founded his fashion house in 1950 and introduced the \"bubble dress\" in 1954.\nHe was designated UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador in 1991 and FAO Goodwill Ambassador on 16 October 2009.", "Q214653": "Gustav Br\u00fchl (born 31 May 1826 in Herdorf, Prussia; died 16 February 1903 in Cincinnati) was an American physician, poet and archaeologist.", "Q177370": "Peter Henry Goldsmith, Baron Goldsmith (born 5 January 1950) is a British barrister and a former Attorney General for England and Wales and for Northern Ireland. On 22 June 2007, Goldsmith announced his resignation which took effect on 27 June 2007, the same day that prime minister, Tony Blair, stepped down. Goldsmith was the longest serving Labour Attorney General. He is currently head of European litigation practice at US law firm Debevoise & Plimpton and Vice Chairperson of the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre.", "Q310347": "Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi (Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0435\u043b \u041e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0301\u0439; Belarusian: \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0412\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0456\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u0421\u0443\u0445\u0456\u0301, Paviel Vosipavi\u010d Suchi) (22 July 1895 \u2013 15 September 1975) was a Soviet aerospace engineer. He designed the Sukhoi military aircraft until the 1970s, and founded the Sukhoi Design Bureau.", "Q1343268": "Fredrik Larsson (born 14 August 1974) is the current bass guitarist of the Swedish power metal band HammerFall, which he left in 1997, but rejoined in 2007. He also provides backing vocals with HammerFall.\nHe has played, and sometimes recorded, with several death metal bands and in 2007 was asked by the band Evergrey to be their bass guitarist. Larsson did join Evergrey, but left fairly shortly after, to rejoin HammerFall who were without a bass player following Magnus Ros\u00e9n's departure. Larsson finished his promised work with Evergrey before rejoining HammerFall.", "Q42443": "Anatole France (French: [anat\u0254l f\u0281\u0251\u0303s]; born Fran\u00e7ois-Anatole Thibault, [fr\u0251\u0303swa anat\u0254l tibo]; 16 April 1844 \u2013 12 October 1924) was a French poet, journalist, and novelist with several best-sellers. Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters. He was a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise, and won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Literature \"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament\".France is also widely believed to be the model for narrator Marcel's literary idol Bergotte in Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time.", "Q8479": "Peter the Great (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0438\u0439, tr. Pyotr Velikiy, IPA: [\u02c8p\u02b2\u0275tr v\u02b2\u026a\u02c8l\u02b2ik\u02b2\u026aj]), Peter I (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439, tr. Pyotr Pyerviy, IPA: [\u02c8p\u02b2\u0275tr \u02c8p\u02b2\u025brv\u0268j]) or Peter Alexeyevich (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447, IPA: [\u02c8p\u02b2\u0275tr \u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ks\u02b2ej\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255]; 9 June [O.S. 30 May] 1672 \u2013 8 February [O.S. 28 January] 1725) ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May [O.S. 27 April] 1682 until his death in 1725, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V. Through a number of successful wars, he expanded the Tsardom into a much larger empire that became a major European power and also laid the groundwork for the Russian navy after capturing ports at Azov and the Baltic Sea. He led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with ones that were modern, scientific, Westernised and based on the Enlightenment. Peter's reforms had a lasting impact on Russia, and many institutions of the Russian government trace their origins to his reign. He is also known for founding and developing the city of Saint Petersburg, which remained the capital of Russia until 1917.", "Q1056805": "Cesare Cremonini (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0283e\u02d0zare kremo\u02c8ni\u02d0ni, \u02c8t\u0283\u025b\u02d0-]; born 27 March 1980) is an Italian singer-songwriter and actor.\nCremonini was the leader of L\u00f9napop, a successful and popular Italian pop band between 1999 and 2002. In 2002 L\u00f9napop was disbanded. He has since pursued a successful solo career. His L\u00f9napop bandmate, Nicola 'Ballo' Balestri, has joined him in his new band, along with other musicians.\nThe singer's biggest solo hits include \"Vieni a vedere perch\u00e9\", \"Latin Lover\", \"Gongi-Boy\", \"Marmellata #25\", \"Dicono di me\", \"Figlio di un re\", \"Il Comico\", \"Mondo\", \"Buon viaggio (Share The Love)\", \"Poetica\" and \"Nessuno Vuole Essere Robin\". Since going solo, he has released six albums: Bagus, Maggese, 1+8+24, Il primo bacio sulla Luna, La Teoria dei Colori, Logico and Possibili Scenari. There is an additional \"special edition\" version of Bagus with a DVD containing extra bonus and music videos. His album Maggese was partly recorded at the famous Abbey Road Studios in London.", "Q1174468": "Gary Roger Rydstrom (born June 29, 1959) is an American sound designer and director. He has been nominated for 19 Academy Awards for his work in sound for movies, winning 7.", "Q2827478": "Ahmed Abdelkefi (born 1 March 1941) is a Tunisian economist and businessman. He is the founder, president, and director of Tuninvest Finance Group as well as the founder and president of Tunisie Leasing Group and Tunisie Valeurs.\n\n", "Q44032": "Egon Schiele (German: [\u02c8\u0283i\u02d0l\u0259] (listen); 12 June 1890 \u2013 31 October 1918) was an Austrian painter. A prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Gustav Klimt, Schiele was a major figurative painter of the early 20th century. His work is noted for its intensity and its raw sexuality, and the many self-portraits the artist produced, including nude self-portraits. The twisted body shapes and the expressive line that characterize Schiele's paintings and drawings mark the artist as an early exponent of Expressionism.", "Q137754": "Once is a 2007 Irish \nromantic musical drama film written and directed by John Carney. The film stars Glen Hansard and Mark\u00e9ta Irglov\u00e1 as two struggling musicians in Dublin, Ireland. Hansard and Irglov\u00e1 had previously performed music as the Swell Season, and composed and performed the film's original songs.\nOnce spent years in development with the Irish Film Board and was made for a budget of \u20ac112,000. It was a commercial success, earning substantial per-screen box office averages in the United States. It received awards including the 2007 Independent Spirit Award for Best Foreign Film. Hansard and Irglov\u00e1's song \"Falling Slowly\" won the 2008 Academy Award for Best Original Song, and the soundtrack received a Grammy Award nomination.", "Q328800": "Gheorghe Zamfir (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261e\u032for\u0261e zam\u02c8fir] (listen); born April 6, 1941) is a Romanian nai (pan flute) musician.\nZamfir is known for playing an expanded version of normally 20-pipe nai, with 22, 25, 28 or even 30 pipes, to increase its range, and obtaining as many as eight overtones (additional to the fundamental tone) from each pipe by changing his embouchure. He is known as \"The Master of the Pan Flute\".", "Q87079": "Karl Ritter von Czyhlarz, or Karel Cihl\u00e1\u0159 (August 17, 1833, Lovosice, Bohemia - July 21, 1914, Vienna) was a Czech-Austrian jurist, politician.\nHe taught as a professor at the Charles University in Prague (1858-1892), University of Vienna (1892-1904).\nHe was a specialist of the Roman law.\nHe was a member of an assembly of Bohemia (1866-1886), and a member of the Upper Chamber of the Austrian Reichsrat (1898-).", "Q556149": "Rapha\u00ebl Glucksmann (born 15 October 1979) is a French journalist, film director, and political figure. In May 2019, he was elected a member of the European Parliament, within the S&D alliance.", "Q165774": "James Conrad Verraros (born February 8, 1983) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor, who placed ninth on the first season of American Idol. Raised by deaf parents, he is fluent in American Sign Language and gained notoriety on American Idol for signing the lyrics to his audition song. After competing on the series, he released three pop rock, dance albums with music producer and songwriter Gabe Lopez. Verraros was also featured on the 2002 compilation album American Idol: Greatest Moments, covering \"Easy\" by the Commodores - this album reached number four on the Billboard 200 chart.\nWhile participating in the 2002 American Idols LIVE! tour, Verraros came out as gay. He was the first American Idol finalist to come out, and he remained the series' only publicly gay finalist for over three years. Several organizations subsequently honored Verraros as an influential figure within the gay community (such as Out magazine, which named him to its \"Most Intriguing People\" list twice, first in 2002 and again in 2006). Throughout his music career, Verraros performed at numerous pride events. He also toured at gay clubs.\nVerraros released his official debut album, Rollercoaster, through independent label Koch Records in 2005. It was accompanied by two singles and received generally positive reviews. Some of the songs from Rollercoaster had previously been featured on a demo album, Unsaid and Understood, which Verraros had self-released through mp3.com around 2003. The lead single from Rollercoaster, \"You Turn It On\", peaked at number twenty-one on the Billboard Dance Club Play Chart.\nIn addition to music, Verraros pursued an acting career. He had a starring role in the first two installments of the gay comedy film franchise Eating Out, and he had a cameo in Another Gay Movie. He also stayed involved with American Idol-related projects for several years. In 2003, he joined with various finalists from the first two seasons of the series for a promotional tour of select shopping malls throughout the United States, and later, he co-hosted a video recap series of American Idol's seventh season for AfterElton.com.\nIn 2007, Verraros released a non-album single about his then-to-be husband, Bill Brennan; the song, \"You Make It Better\", was featured in the second Eating Out film. Verraros and Brennan married in 2009. The same year as his wedding, Verraros self-released three new singles, although the accompanying sophomore album, Do Not Disturb, was not released until 2011. Following Do Not Disturb, Verraros announced his intention to retire from music. He subsequently served as executive vice president of Brennan's organization, Bridal Expo Chicago and Bridal Expo Milwaukee. Verraros and Brennan have since separated.", "Q201538": "Edward Wadie Said (; Arabic: \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u200e [w\u00e6di\u02d0\u0295 s\u00e6\u0295i\u02d0d], Idw\u0101rd Wad\u012b\u02bf Sa\u02bf\u012bd; 1 November 1935 \u2013 24 September 2003) was a professor of literature at Columbia University, a public intellectual, and a founder of the academic field of postcolonial studies. A Palestinian American born in Mandatory Palestine, he was a citizen of the United States by way of his father, a U.S. Army veteran.\nEducated in the Western canon, at British and American schools, Said applied his education and bi-cultural perspective to illuminating the gaps of cultural and political understanding between the Western world and the Eastern world, especially about the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict in the Middle East; his principal influences were Antonio Gramsci, Frantz Fanon, Aim\u00e9 C\u00e9saire, Michel Foucault, and Theodor Adorno.As a cultural critic, Said is known for the book Orientalism (1978), a critique of the cultural representations that are the bases of Orientalism\u2014how the Western world perceives the Orient. Said's model of textual analysis transformed the academic discourse of researchers in literary theory, literary criticism, and Middle-Eastern studies\u2014how academics examine, describe, and define the cultures being studied. As a foundational text, Orientalism was controversial among scholars of Oriental Studies, philosophy, and literature.As a public intellectual, Said was a controversial member of the Palestinian National Council, due to his public criticism of Israel and the Arab countries, especially the political and cultural policies of Muslim r\u00e9gimes who acted against the national interests of their peoples. Said advocated the establishment of a Palestinian state to ensure equal political and human rights for the Palestinians in Israel, including the right of return to the homeland. He defined his oppositional relation with the status quo as the remit of the public intellectual who has \"to sift, to judge, to criticize, to choose, so that choice and agency return to the individual\" man and woman.\nIn 1999, with his friend Daniel Barenboim, Said co-founded the West\u2013Eastern Divan Orchestra, based in Seville. This initiative brings together, every summer, a group of young classical musicians from Israel, the Palestinian territories and Arab countries to study, perform and to promote mutual reflection and understanding. Barenboim and Said jointly received the 2002 Prince of Asturias Awards for their work in \"improving understanding between nations\". \nBesides being an academic, Said was also an accomplished pianist, and, with Barenboim, co-authored the book Parallels and Paradoxes: Explorations in Music and Society (2002), a compilation of their conversations and public discussions about music held at New York's Carnegie Hall.The Barenboim\u2013Said Academy, a joint project Said also developed with Barenboim, was created Berlin. The academy was planned as a site for young music students from the Arab world and Israel to study music and humanities in Berlin. It opened its doors on 8 December 2016. \nSaid died of leukemia on 24 September 2003.", "Q219377": "Nicholas Charles Sparks (born December 31, 1965) is an American romance novelist and screenwriter. He has published twenty novels and two non-fiction books. Several of his novels have become international bestsellers, and eleven of his romantic-drama novels have been adapted to film all with multimillion-dollar box office grosses. His novels feature stories of tragic love with happy endings.\nSparks was born in Omaha, Nebraska and wrote his first novel, The Passing, in 1985, while a student at the University of Notre Dame. His first published work came in 1990, when he co-wrote with Billy Mills Wokini: A Lakota Journey to Happiness and Self-Understanding, which sold approximately 50,000 copies in its first year. In 1993, Sparks wrote his breakthrough novel The Notebook in his spare time while selling pharmaceuticals in Washington, D.C.. Two years later, his novel was discovered by the literary agent Theresa Park, who offered to represent him. The novel was published in October 1996 and made the New York Times best-seller list in its first week.", "Q133532": "Btooom! (Japanese: \u30d6\u30c8\u30a5\u30fc\u30e0!, Hepburn: But\u016bmu!) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Junya Inoue. It has been serialized in Weekly Comic Bunch since 2009 and later in Monthly Comic Bunch, with chapters collected into 26 tank\u014dbon volumes as of 2018. Btooom! follows the adventures of Ry\u014dta Sakamoto, an unemployed and isolated young man who is one of the world's top players in the titular video game. After Ry\u014dta is nominated to participate in the real-life version of the game, he becomes trapped inside it and meets his love interest Himiko, who was his in-game wife. With the help of their fellow players, Ry\u014dta and Himiko must find a way to return home.\nAn anime adaptation covering the first 50 chapters of the manga was produced by Madhouse and aired in Japan on Tokyo MX from October 4 to December 20, 2012 and was streamed with English subtitles by Crunchyroll. The manga series was licensed for an English-language release in North America by Yen Press. The anime series has been licensed by Sentai Filmworks for an English-language release in North America.", "Q23647063": "The Durrells (or The Durrells in Corfu in North America) is a British comedy-drama series based on Gerald Durrell's three autobiographical books about his family's four years (1935\u20131939) on the Greek Island of Corfu, which began airing on 3 April 2016 and ended on 12 May 2019. The series is written by Simon Nye, directed by Steve Barron and Roger Goldby, and produced by Christopher Hall. The executive producers are Lee Morris and Sally Woodward Gentle. Lee Durrell, Gerald Durrell's widow and director of the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, acted as consultant. The series was partly filmed at Ealing Studios and Twickenham Studios in London.", "Q1630703": "The University of Pristina was founded in the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo, Socialist Republic of Serbia, Yugoslavia, in the city of Pristina, for the academic year 1969\u20131970 and functioned until 1999. However, owing to political upheaval, war, successive mutual expulsions of faculty of one ethnicity or the other, and resultant pervasive ethnic-based polarisation, there came to be two disjoint institutions using the same name, albeit idiosyncratically to reflect ethnic identity. Albanian-language activity continues at the original location (University of Pristina), whilst the Serbian-language University of Pri\u0161tina has relocated to North Mitrovica, where it maintains its place within the Serbian education system.", "Q57728": "Hesham Mohamed Kandil or Kandeel (also spelled: Hisham Qandil or Qandeel\u202f; Arabic: \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0644\u200e pronounced [he\u02c8\u0283\u00e6\u02d0m m\u00e6\u02c8\u0127\u00e6mm\u00e6d \u0294\u00e6n\u02c8di\u02d0l]) (born 17 September 1962) is an Egyptian engineer and civil servant who was Prime Minister of Egypt from 2012 to 2013. Qandil was appointed as Prime Minister by President Mohamed Morsi on 24 July 2012. Qandil previously served as Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation from 2011 to 2012.Reuters reported that Qandil was a politically independent senior public servant in the Morsi administration, but was not popularly considered to be a likely candidate for the position of prime minister. Qandil was Egypt's youngest prime minister since Gamal Abdel Nasser's appointment in 1954. When Morsi was ousted in a coup d'\u00e9tat by the military in July 2013, Qandil after initially continuing in his role as prime minister until the formation of a new government, resigned his post on 8 July 2013 in protest of the subsequent bloodshed when 51 protesters were killed by the military at the Republican Guard headquarters. He was arrested on 24 December 2013 and released seven months later on 15 July 2014 after he was acquitted by the Court of Cassation, which accepted his appeal and annulled the one-year sentence against him.", "Q653937": "Lee Oskar (born 24 March 1948) is a Danish harmonica player, notable for his contributions to the sound of the rock-funk fusion group War, which was formed by Howard E. Scott and Harold Brown, his solo work, and as a harmonica manufacturer. He continues to play with 3 other original War band members, Harold Brown, Howard Scott and B.B. Dickerson, under the name LowRider Band.", "Q434900": "Shirley Eaton (born 12 January 1937) is an English actress, model and author. She was a sex symbol in the 1950s and 1960s, often dubbed the Cockney blonde bombshell for her London accent, blonde hair and sex appeal.Eaton appeared regularly in British films throughout the 1950s and 1960s, and gained her highest profile for her appearance as Bond Girl Jill Masterson in the James Bond film Goldfinger (1964). Eaton also had roles in the early Carry On films. Preferring to devote herself to bringing up a family, Eaton retired from acting in 1969.", "Q1138676": "Alfred Jesse Smith (born July 26, 1941), better known as Brenton Wood, is an American singer and songwriter known for his two 1967 hit singles, \"The Oogum Boogum Song\" and \"Gimme Little Sign\".", "Q2632": "Sir Richard Starkey (born 7 July 1940), known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, singer, songwriter and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles. He occasionally sang lead vocals with the group, usually for one song on each album, including \"Yellow Submarine\", \"With a Little Help from My Friends\" and their cover of \"Act Naturally\". He also wrote and sang the Beatles' songs \"Don't Pass Me By\" and \"Octopus's Garden\", and is credited as a co-writer of others.\nStarr was afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, with periods of prolonged hospitalisations. He briefly held a position with British Rail before securing an apprenticeship as a machinist at a Liverpool equipment manufacturer. Soon afterwards, he became interested in the UK skiffle craze and developed a fervent admiration for the genre. In 1957, he co-founded his first band, the Eddie Clayton Skiffle Group, which earned several prestigious local bookings before the fad succumbed to American rock and roll by early 1958. When the Beatles formed in 1960, Starr was a member of another Liverpool group, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes. After achieving moderate success in the UK and Hamburg, he quit the Hurricanes and joined the Beatles in August 1962, replacing Pete Best.\nIn addition to the Beatles' films, Starr has acted in numerous others. After the band's break-up in 1970, he released several successful singles including the US top-ten hit \"It Don't Come Easy\", and number ones \"Photograph\" and \"You're Sixteen\". His most successful UK single was \"Back Off Boogaloo\", which peaked at number two. He achieved commercial and critical success with his 1973 album Ringo, which was a top-ten release in both the UK and the US. He has featured in numerous documentaries, hosted television shows, narrated the first two series of the children's television programme Thomas & Friends and portrayed \"Mr. Conductor\" during the first season of the PBS children's television series Shining Time Station. Since 1989, he has toured with thirteen variations of Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band.\nStarr's playing style, which emphasised feel over technical virtuosity, influenced many drummers to reconsider their playing from a compositional perspective. He also influenced various modern drumming techniques, such as the matched grip, tuning the drums lower, and using muffling devices on tonal rings. In his opinion, his finest recorded performance was on the Beatles' \"Rain\". In 1999, he was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame. In 2011, Rolling Stone readers named him the fifth-greatest drummer of all time. He was inducted twice into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as a Beatle in 1988 and as a solo artist in 2015, and appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2018 New Year Honours for services to music. In 2018, he was cited as the wealthiest drummer in the world with a net worth of $350 million.", "Q839107": "Fernando Mart\u00edn \u00c1lvarez (born 30 May 1947, in Trigueros del Valle near Valladolid) was president of Real Madrid of the Spanish La Liga, replacing Florentino P\u00e9rez who resigned 27 February 2006, until he unexpectedly himself resigned on 26 April the same year. He was a member of the board of directors under P\u00e9rez.He has an MS degree in Chemistry which he obtained from the University of Valladolid.He was a politician at a local level in the Christian Democratic party which later amalgamated with the main conservative Popular Party.\nIn 1983, he came to Madrid to work in property and worked his way up the ladder. In 1991, he set out on his own and founded Martinsa. Fernando owned a three percent stake in Spain's number three electricity provider Union Fenosa, also under a one percent stake in telecommunication giant Telefonica as well as Spain's top two banks Santander Central Hispano (BSCH) and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA). In 2005, he formed an alliance with the Nozar group to develop urban projects in and around Madrid.\nOn 23 March 2020, Fernando tested positive for COVID-19, amid its pandemic in Spain.", "Q2440297": "Worcester Reed Warner (May 16, 1846 \u2013 June 25, 1929) was an American mechanical engineer, entrepreneur, manager, astronomer, and philanthropist. With Ambrose Swasey he cofounded the Warner & Swasey Company.\n\n", "Q737080": "Manolo Lama (born January 3, 1962 in Madrid, Spain) is a Spanish radio sportscaster. Manolo Lama is known for his play-by-play covers of Real Madrid, Atl\u00e9tico Madrid and Spain matches at the radio program Tiempo de Juego in the Cadena COPE from 1982 until 2011 in the Cadena Ser.Manolo Lama has also covered a lot of important events such as the Olympic Games or FIFA World Cup games. In the Cadena COPE he also presents a program called Deportes COPE and collaborates in the program called El Partidazo de COPE. In television he presents the afternoon sports bulletin in Cuatro (TV).Lama is also the Spanish play-by-play announcer (alongside Paco Gonz\u00e1lez) of the EA Sports' FIFA series video game since 1998.", "Q240955": "Eliza Hope Bennett (born 17 March 1992) is an English actress and singer. Her most notable roles have been those of Meggie Folchart in the film Inkheart, Tora in the film Nanny McPhee, Susan in From Time to Time and Holly Manson in the West End musical Loserville. Bennett starred on the MTV black comedy series Sweet/Vicious as Jules Thomas.", "Q69349": "Lothar Sp\u00e4th (16 November 1937 \u2013 18 March 2016) was a German politician of the CDU.", "Q71506": "Hans Victor von Unruh (March 28, 1806 \u2013 February 4, 1886) was a Prussian civil servant and politician, President of the Prussian National Assembly of 1848 and Member of the Reichstag of the German Empire.", "Q67364": "Worben is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q70618": "Harry Clemens Ulrich Graf von Kessler (23 May 1868 \u2013 30 November 1937) was an Anglo-German count, diplomat, writer, and patron of modern art. English translations of his diaries \"Journey to the Abyss\" (2011) and \"Berlin in Lights\" (1971) reveal anecdotes and details of artistic, theatrical, and political life in Europe, mostly in Germany, from the late 19th century through the collapse of Germany at the end of World War I until his death in Lyon in 1937.\n\n", "Q2712569": "Comanche Moon is a television miniseries that is an adaptation of the novel of the same name where Woodrow Call and Gus McCrae are in their middle years, still serving as respected Texas Rangers. In terms of the Lonesome Dove series' storyline, it serves as a prequel to the original Lonesome Dove miniseries, and a sequel to Dead Man's Walk. It first aired on CBS beginning Sunday, January 13, and continuing Tuesday, January 15, and Wednesday, January 16, 2008.", "Q68057": "Anton Diffring (born Alfred Pollack, 20 October 1916 \u2013 19 May 1989) was a German character actor, who had an extensive acting career in the United Kingdom from the 1940s to the 1980s in cinema films and television.", "Q93583": "Gustav Franz Wagner (18 July 1911 \u2013 3 October 1980) was an Austrian member of the SS with the rank of Staff sergeant (Oberscharf\u00fchrer). Wagner was a starter deputy commander of the Sobib\u00f3r extermination camp in German-occupied Poland, where more than 200,000 Jews were gassed during Operation Reinhard. Due to his brutality, he was known as \"The Beast\" and \"Wolf\".", "Q77177": "George Enescu (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0361\u0292e\u032ford\u0361\u0292e e\u02c8nesku] (listen) 19 August [O.S. 7 August] 1881 \u2013 4 May 1955), known in France as Georges Enesco, is considered to be the greatest Romanian musician. He was a composer, violinist, pianist, conductor, and teacher.", "Q1789219": "Kristian Hellstr\u00f6m (24 July 1880 \u2013 14 June 1946) was a Swedish middle-distance runner and a sports administrator. He competed at the 1906 Intercalated Games in the 800 m and 1500 m events and finished in fifth and third place respectively. At the 1908 Summer Olympics, he failed to reach the final of the 800 m event.Nationally, he won the 1500 m title in 1900 and 1901, as well as the 10,000 m title in 1902. He was also the German champion for the 1500 m in 1905.Hellstr\u00f6m was a prolific sports administrator who founded his first sports club, IF Sleipner Stockholm, in 1897 at age 17. In 1901, he launched the first cross-country race in Sweden. In 1912, Hellstr\u00f6m became Secretary-General of the Organizing Committee of the Stockholm Olympics. He was also a founding member of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), becoming its first Secretary-General from 1913 to 1914.", "Q78244": "Alfred Wilm (25 June 1869 \u2013 6 August 1937) was a German metallurgist who invented the alloy Al-3.5\u20135.5%Cu-Mg-Mn, now known as Duralumin which is used extensively in aircraft.Whilst working in military research NUTZ in Neubabelsberg in 1901, Wilm discovered age hardening, in particular age hardening of aluminium alloys. This discovery was made after hardness measurements on Al-Cu alloy specimens were serendipitously found to increase in hardness at room temperature. This increase in hardness was identified after his measurements were interrupted by a weekend, and when they were resumed on the Monday the hardness had increased.By 1906, Wilm had developed an alloy \u2013 Al-3.5\u20135.5%Cu-Mg-Mn, Mg and Mn were < 1%, for which a patent was filed. Later this patent was purchased and the alloy marketed as Duralumin. Somewhat unusually, Wilm did not write his first article on age hardening until 1911. \nAt the time Wilm was developing an aluminium alloy to replace brass in ammunition. The patent on Duralumin was ignored and breached by many firms, and he struggled without success to protect his rights under it. \nIn 1919 Wilm retired from research and became a farmer. He died at his farm in Saalberg on 6 August 1937.", "Q142644": "Thomas Mifflin (January 10, 1744 \u2013 January 20, 1800) was an American merchant, soldier, and politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He served in a variety of roles during and after the American Revolution, several of which qualify him to be counted among the Founding Fathers. He was the first Governor of Pennsylvania, serving from 1790 to 1799.\nBorn in Philadelphia, Mifflin became a merchant after graduating from the College of Philadelphia. He joined the Continental Army after serving in the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly and the Continental Congress. During the American Revolutionary War, he was an aide to General George Washington and the Continental Army's Quartermaster General, rising to the rank of major general. Mifflin returned to Congress in 1782 and was elected President of the Continental Congress in 1783. He served as Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1785 to 1787, then as President of the Pennsylvania Supreme Executive Council from 1788 to 1790.\nMifflin was a delegate to the 1787 Philadelphia Convention and signed the United States Constitution. He then presided over the committee that wrote Pennsylvania's own constitution and he became the first governor after the ratification of the constitution. Mifflin left office as governor in 1799, and died the following year.", "Q482683": "Korea Military Academy (KMA) is the leading South Korean institution for the education and training of officer cadets for the Republic of Korea Army. Along with the Korea Army Academy (Yeongcheon), it produces the largest number of senior officers in the Korean army. Commonly referred to as Hwarangdae (Korean: \ud654\ub791\ub300 Hanja: \u82b1\u90de\u81fa)) as a reference to the Hwarang, an elite organization of youth leaders which existed in Korean history, it is located in Nowon-gu, a northeast district of Seoul, South Korea.", "Q1362729": "The Technical University of Lisbon (UTL; Portuguese: Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, pronounced [univ\u0268\u027esi\u02c8\u00f0ad(\u0268) \u02c8t\u025bknik\u0250 \u00f0\u0268 li\u0292\u02c8bo.\u0250]) was a Portuguese public university. It was created in 1930 in Lisbon, as a confederation of preexisting schools, and comprised the faculties and institutes of veterinary medicine; agricultural sciences; economics and business administration; engineering, social and political sciences; architecture; and human kinetics.\nOn July 25, 2013, it merged with the older University of Lisbon (1911\u20132013) and was incorporated in the new University of Lisbon.", "Q86830": "Emil Eichhorn (9 October 1863 - 26 July 1925) was a USPD politician and Chief of the Berlin Police during the 1918\u20131919 German Revolution.\nEichhorn was born in R\u00f6hrsdorf near Chemnitz in October 1863 and became apprenticed as a glass workers in 1878, becoming active in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He became a full-time official in 1893 and was the head of its press office from 1908\u201317, when he left with others to form the USPD where he played a similar role. Eichorn worked for the post-revolutionary Russian Telegraph Agency in Berlin.On 9 November 1918 he led the occupation of Police headquarters in Berlin, the infantry guarding the building surrendering their weapons without a struggle. Inside the building Eichhorn took over the office of police chief and 600 political prisoners were set free. Amongst his deputies was Revolutionary Stewards activist Anton Grylewicz.The attempt to dismiss Eichhorn by the Prussian cabinet on 4 January 1919 and to replace him with the SPD politician Eugen Ernst provoked mass opposition and a general strike, with Eichhorn declaring the following day in front of a mass demonstration of 200,000, \"I got my job from the Revolution, and I shall give it up only to the Revolution.\" The attempt to remove Eichhorn had been preceded by slander in Vorw\u00e4rts accusing him of having received Russian gold, possessing stolen foodstuffs and illegally bought arms. On 6 January both the Central Committee of the councils and the Berlin executive approved the decision to remove Eichhorn, however earlier that day supporters of Eichhorn had occupied several building including the Vorw\u00e4rts office which was the precursor to the Spartacist uprising.In 1920, Eichhorn joined the KPD when it merged with the USPD left, but left after Paul Levi was expelled in 1921, although he remained a KPD deputy until he died in Berlin in July 1925.", "Q192115": "Sin City (also known as Frank Miller's Sin City) is a 2005 American crime anthology film written, produced, directed by Robert Rodriguez and Frank Miller. It is based on Miller's graphic novel of the same name.Much of the film is based on the first, third, and fourth books in Miller's original comic series. The Hard Goodbye is about an ex-convict who embarks on a rampage in search of his one-time sweetheart's killer. The Big Fat Kill follows a private investigator who gets caught in a street war between a group of prostitutes and a group of mercenaries, the police and the mob. That Yellow Bastard focuses on an aging police officer who protects a young woman from a grotesquely disfigured serial killer. The intro and outro of the film are based on the short story \"The Customer is Always Right\" which is collected in Booze, Broads & Bullets, the sixth book in the comic series.\nThe film stars an ensemble cast led by Jessica Alba, Benicio del Toro, Brittany Murphy, Clive Owen, Mickey Rourke, Bruce Willis, and Elijah Wood. Featuring Alexis Bledel, Michael Clarke Duncan, Rosario Dawson, Carla Gugino, Rutger Hauer, Jaime King, Michael Madsen, Nick Stahl, and Makenzie Vega among others.\nSin City opened to wide critical and commercial success, gathering particular recognition for the film's unique color processing which rendered most of the film in black and white while retaining or adding color for selected objects. The film was screened at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival in competition and won the Technical Grand Prize for the film's \"visual shaping\".", "Q12923": "Jean-Louis Touraine (born 8 October 1945) is a French medical teacher and politician. A member of La R\u00e9publique En Marche! (REM), he has been a member of the National Assembly for the Rh\u00f4ne department (3rd constituency) since 2017. He is formerly a member of the Socialist Party.", "Q54976": "Kingsajz is a 1987 cult Polish comedy fantasy film directed by Juliusz Machulski. The action takes place in late communist Poland and in a fictional Lilliputian kingdom called Szuflandia (Drawerland), hidden deep underground the Quaternary Research Institute. The movie is an allegory of a communist regime and thus was received very enthusiastically by anti-communist society. Kingsajz used highly oversized props and sets, supervised by production designer Janusz Sosnowski, intended to capture the difference in size between the little people and the large things from the above ground world that they use. The Drawerland sets were built in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a Studio soundstages as wall-to-wall set-constructions. Some scenes were optically enhanced by matte painting by artists from Barrandov Studios.", "Q65573": "Isenthal is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.", "Q81187": "Ali Sikandar (6 April 1890 \u2013 9 September 1960), known by his nom de plume as Jigar Moradabadi, was an Indian Urdu poet and ghazal writer. He received the Sahitya Akademi Award Award in 1958 for his poetry collection \"Atish-e-Gul\", and was the second poet (after Mohammad Iqbal) to be awarded an honorary D.Litt. by the Aligarh Muslim University.", "Q874588": "S\u00e1ndor Cso\u00f3ri (3 February 1930 \u2013 12 September 2016) was a Hungarian poet, essayist, writer, and politician.", "Q2491800": "Moon Records Ukraine is a Ukrainian record label formed in 1997 and based in Kyiv, Ukraine. The label specializes in producing the music of Ukrainian and Russian musical artists and is currently the largest music publisher in Ukraine.", "Q265525": "Eduardo Capetillo V\u00e1squez (born April 13, 1970) is a Mexican actor and singer. He was born in Mexico City, Mexico. He belongs to the Capetillo family, who have a long tradition of being bullfighters.\nBeing still very young, he participated in some courses of preparation with the actress Martha Zabaleta and some courses of jazz in the center of qualification of Televisa. His career started when he won the festival Juguemos a Cantar, where he won the second place with the song Mi grupo toca Rock (My band plays rock), later launched by Orfe\u00f3n Records.\nHe participated in the Spanish theatre version of Grease, Vaselina, and recorded his first telenovela in 1983 called Mart\u00edn Garatuza.\nIn 1986, Eduardo entered Timbiriche, replacing Benny Ibarra. Success followed through Rock Shows, on Timbiriche VI album, and subsequently recording more hits with albums Timbiriche VII, Timbiriche VIII and Timbiriche lX. Capetillo sang various solos that became hits, such as No seas tan cruel, Todo Cambia, Con todos menos conmigo. He then toured Mexico and some Latin American countries.\nIn 1989, Capetillo left the group and began his career as a solo artist. In 1991 he sold more than a million copies of the album of five songs, sound track of the telenovela Alcanzar una estrella.\nThat same year he launched his album Dame Una Noche. In 1992 he returned as an actor and singer thanks to another telenovela, Baila conmigo, and to his second album, Estoy Aqu\u00ed.\nLater he released a new album, Piel Ajena (1995), and a career in which the formula is mixed actor-singer in telenovelas, that strengthens him as an idol in the Latin world thanks to titles like Marimar, together with Thal\u00eda, that was seen in more than 150 countries, or Canci\u00f3n De Amor, Camila or El secreto, in which he and Yadhira Carrillo are the only Mexican actors of a Spanish cast.\nThanks to the telenovrela El secreto, seen on Spanish television (the TVE), Capetillo has returned to record a new album, with Horus-Muxxic, registered in diverse studios of Mexico and Spain, with a production directed and made by his brother-in-law Chacho Gayt\u00e1n.\nThe album includes the hit song \"El Secreto\", the main theme of the telenovela, composed, arranged and produced by Federico Vaona in 2001\u20132002.\nIn 2003 he also interpreted one of the songs of the telenovela Bajo la misma piel.\nIn 2004 he appeared in Amy, la ni\u00f1a de la mochila az\u00fal.\nHis most recent telenovela is Peregrina, a story of an 18-year-old circus girl who discovers her real family.\nCapetillo is married to actress and singer Bibi Gayt\u00e1n, his partner from the Timbiriche years. They have five children: Eduardo (born August 17, 1994), Ana Paula (born 1997), Alejandra (born 1999), Manuel and Daniel Capetillo (born June 20, 2014).", "Q109335": "Niels Ruf (born 21 May 1973 in Worms) is a German television presenter, author and actor.\n\n", "Q3944751": "Alejandro Santo Domingo (born 13 February 1977) is a Colombian-American billionaire financier and philanthropist. In January 2020, Santo Domingo had an estimated net worth of US$3.9 billion.", "Q183018": "Bandy is a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal.The sport is considered a form of hockey and has a common background with ice hockey and field hockey. Bandy has also been influenced by the rules of association football: both games are normally played in halves of 45 minutes, there are 11 players on each team, and the fields in both games are about the same size. Bandy is played, like ice hockey, on ice but players use bowed sticks and a small ball, as in field hockey.\nA variant of bandy, rink bandy, is played to the same rules but on a field the size of an ice hockey rink, with ice hockey goal cages and with six players on each team, or five in USA Rink Bandy League. Traditional eleven-a-side bandy and rink bandy are recognized by the International Olympic Committee. More informal varieties also exist, like seven-a-side bandy with normally sized goal cages but without corner strokes. Those rules were applied at Davos Cup in 2016.\nRink bandy has in turn led to the creation of the sport rinkball. Bandy is also the predecessor of floorball, which was invented when people started playing with plastic bandy-shaped sticks and lightweight balls when running on the floors of indoor gym halls.\nBased on the number of participating athletes, bandy is the world's second-most participated winter sport after ice hockey. Bandy is also ranked as the number two winter sport in terms of tickets sold per day of competitions at the sport's world championship.However, compared with the seven Winter Olympic sports, bandy's popularity compared to that of other winter sports across the globe is considered by the International Olympic Committee to represent a \"gap between popularity and participation and global audiences.\" This is held to constitute a roadblock to future Olympic inclusion.", "Q75760": "Curt Lowens (17 November 1925 \u2013 8 May 2017) was an actor of the stage and in feature films and television, as well as a Holocaust survivor and a rescuer who saved about 150 Jewish children during the Holocaust.", "Q90934": "Richard Pohl (September 12, 1826 \u2013 December 17, 1896) was a German music critic, writer, poet, and amateur composer. He figured prominently in the mid-century War of the Romantics, taking the side opposite Eduard Hanslick, and championing the \"Music of the Future\" (the progressive Romantic style of Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner).\nPohl was born in Leipzig. He studied physical sciences and philosophy before taking up writing and music criticism; he also acquired some early musical training. While in Leipzig, he became friends with Robert Schumann. Later, after a brief stint teaching at Graz, he moved to Dresden; there he worked on the Neue Musikzeitung between 1852 and 1854. During this period he became involved in the \"War of the Romantics,\" the vitriolic controversy between the relatively conservative branch of the Romantic movement, represented by Brahms, Mendelssohn and others, and the progressive \"Music of the Future\" trend exemplified by the music of Franz Liszt, Hector Berlioz and especially by the music dramas of Richard Wagner. Pohl was solidly on the side of Wagner. The much more famous critic, Eduard Hanslick, championed Brahms from his post in Vienna as the critic for the prestigious Neue freie Presse.\nIn 1854 Pohl moved to Weimar, where he became an editor at the Neue Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Musik. He wrote invective-laden articles under the pseudonym \"Hoplit\" (from the Greek term hoplite, the foot-soldier of ancient Greece) in support of Liszt and Wagner, and critical of music of the more conservative Romantic composers.\nWhile both Liszt and Wagner thanked him for his support, Wagner in particular cooled to Pohl in later years, especially after Pohl's assertion that Wagner borrowed his chromatic harmonies in Tristan und Isolde directly from Liszt.\nAmong Pohl's other works was a novel based on the life of Richard Wagner.\nHe retired to Baden-Baden in 1864, and died there.", "Q1989628": "Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (Ukrainian: \u0414\u043d\u0456\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0413\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0430) is an establishments of higher education in Ukraine. It was founded in 1918. The first four faculties were history and linguistics, law, medicine and physics and mathematics.\nNowadays the university has level IV accreditation, with 20 faculties and 1,300 professors, 850 of them PhDs. The university has about 22,000 Ukrainian students and offers 87 majors. It has about 3,000 international students from 20 countries.\nIt has strong ties with one of the largest world's rocket space centres, Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and other industrial and scientific organizations in the Donetsk-Pridneprovsk area with population of more than 15 million people.\nBeing a big educational and research center, DNU provides training at all qualifications levels: Master's degree, Specialist's degree, Bachelor's degree. It prepares researchers and university teachers at the post-graduate and doctor of science courses. Second higher education can be obtained.\nAccording to a decision of the Intersectorial Accreditation Collegiums and to the order of the Ministry of Sciences and Education of Ukraine Dnipropetrovsk National University has been accredited as a higher institution of the 4-th level accreditation. According to the UNESCO poll DNU takes the 6th place of all Ukrainian higher education institutes due to its academic and research indexes.\nDNU has 63 agreements with higher education institutes and research centers from many countries of Europe, Asia, the US, Canada. DNU has joined the work of the TEMPUS Program in Ukraine. The first project on reforming the economy was won in 1993. Since then DNU has won 14 projects (including three more Tempus projects in 2009) for terms of 1 to 3 years in sectors of science and education such as economics, management, university managements, social informatics and international economics.\nThe library has 2,600,000 volumes and computer library rooms.\nSince 2007 DNU has been taking part in the Erasmus Mundus Project \u201cExternal Cooperation Window\u201d. In the plan there is a paragraph about development of close relations with EU universities, and strengthening of exchange programmes. Participation should raising the skills of DNU teachers and improving the style of teaching. The project can give the possibility of progress in implementation of Bologna standards, including ECTS and quality assurance.", "Q337511": "Jordan Nathaniel Marcel Knight (born May 17, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter and actor. He is the lead singer of the boy band New Kids on the Block (NKOTB), who rose to fame in the 1980s and 1990s, utilizing a falsetto style of singing influenced by The Stylistics. After New Kids on the Block split in 1994, he launched a solo career. Jordan's first solo album, released in 1999, and his latest solo album, released in 2011, reached the Top 50 on the US Billboard 200. As of 2011, he released four Top 40 singles; the most well known being \"Give It to You\" in 1999. Knight has released three solo albums, one remix album and one EP. On May 31, 2011, Knight released the studio album, Unfinished. Knight has sold over 1.5 million records worldwide as a solo artist. In 2015, Boston City Council declared February 7 \"Jordan Knight Day.\"", "Q150526": "Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal (Spanish: [san\u02c8tja\u0263o ra\u02c8mon i ka\u02c8xal]; 1 May 1852 \u2013 17 October 1934) was a Spanish neuroscientist and pathologist, specializing in neuroanatomy, particularly the histology of the central nervous system. He and Camillo Golgi received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906, with Ram\u00f3n y Cajal thereby becoming the first person of Spanish origin to win a scientific Nobel Prize. His original investigations of the microscopic structure of the brain made him a pioneer of modern neuroscience. Hundreds of his drawings illustrating the delicate arborizations (\"tree growing\") of brain cells are still in use for educational and training purposes.", "Q275050": "Karen Sillas (born June 5, 1963) is an American stage and film actress. She graduated from the Acting Conservatory of the State University of New York. She is also a speech coach.\n\n", "Q371544": "Aaron Smith, better known as Shwayze (born May 29, 1985), is an American rapper. His first single \"Buzzin'\" peaked at #46 on the Billboard Hot 100. His second single \"Corona and Lime,\" reached #23 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US and #3 in the US iTunes Store. Shwayze's self-titled debut album, which Cisco Adler co-wrote, was released on August 19, 2008.", "Q8848": "Valence (US: , French: [val\u0251\u0303s] (listen); Occitan: Valen\u00e7a [va\u02c8lens\u0254]) is a commune in southeastern France, the capital of the Dr\u00f4me department and within the Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes region. It is situated on the left bank of the Rh\u00f4ne, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Lyon, along the railway line that runs from Paris to Marseille.\nIt is the 5th largest city in the region by its population, with 62,481 registered inhabitants in 2012 (127,559 inhabitants in the agglomeration). The city of Valence is divided into four cantons. Its inhabitants are called Valentinois.Located in the heart of the Rhone corridor, Valence is often referred to as \"the door to the South of France\", the local saying \u00e0 Valence le Midi commence (\"at Valence the Midi begins\") pays tribute to the city's southern culture. Between Vercors and Provence, its geographical location attracts many tourists. Axes of transport and communications are the A7 and A49 autoroutes, the RN7, Paris/Marseille TGV line, as well as the Rh\u00f4ne. In addition, the Valence agglomeration is equipped with a marina, a trading port, two railway stations (Valence-Ville and Valence-TGV) and an airport. Its business is essentially turned towards the sectors of agriculture, metallurgy, engineering and electronics.The commune, founded in 121 BC, after the invasion of Gallia Narbonensis by the Romans, it moved quickly to become the largest crossroad behind Lyon. With its growing importance, Valence gained the status of Roman colony. Over the centuries, the town grew and grew. Today, many vestiges of the Middle Ages, Renaissance, but also from the 17th century, 18th century and 19th century are visible in the city centre. The city is historically attached to the Dauphin\u00e9, of which it forms the second largest city after Grenoble and is today part of the network of French Towns and Lands of Art and History. Formerly the duchy of Valentinois, it was ruled by the Duke of Valentinois, a title which is still claimed by the Sovereign Prince of Monaco, though he has no actual administrative control over the area.\nMonuments in Valence include the Maison des T\u00eates, built between 1528 and 1532 by Antoine de Dorne, the Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral, built between 1063 and 1099 under the leadership of Bishop Gontard and also the monumental fountain designed by the architect Eug\u00e8ne Poitoux. The city has many historical monuments, most of which are in Vieux Valence. Inscribed on the list of flowery towns and villages of France, Valence is one of the seventeen municipalities of the Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes region to be labeled \"four flowers\" by the Concours des villes et villages fleuris, i.e. the maximum level.", "Q108995": "Egon Vaupel (born 15 November 1950 in Bad Endbach) is a German politician, member of the SPD, and the mayor of Marburg 2005 - 2015.\n\n", "Q23240": "Essex () is a county in the southeast of England, northeast of London. One of the home counties, it borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south, and London to the southwest. The county town is Chelmsford, the only city in the county. For government statistical purposes Essex is placed in the East of England region.\nThere are three definitions of the extent of Essex, the widest being the Ancient County, the more usual being the smaller Ceremonial County and smallest being the administrative county \u2013 the area administered by the County Council and which excludes the two unitary authorities of Thurrock and Southend-on-Sea.\nThe Ceremonial County occupies the eastern part of what was, during the Early Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Essex. As well as rural areas, the county also includes London Stansted Airport, the new towns of Basildon and Harlow, Lakeside Shopping Centre, the port of Tilbury and the borough of Southend-on-Sea.", "Q290962": "William Augustus Wellman (February 29, 1896 \u2013 December 9, 1975) was an American film director notable for his work in crime, adventure and action genre films, often focusing on aviation themes, a particular passion. He also directed several well-regarded satirical comedies. Beginning his film career as an actor, he went on to direct over 80 films, at times co-credited as producer and consultant. In 1927, Wellman famously directed Wings, which became the first film to win an Academy Award for Best Picture at the 1st Academy Awards ceremony. He also won the Academy Award for Best Story for his film A Star Is Born.\n\n", "Q648640": "Brett Michael Dennen (born October 28, 1979) is an American folk/pop singer and songwriter from Central California. His sixth studio album, Por Favor, was released in May 2016.\n\n", "Q1691442": "Joe Grushecky (born Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is a rock musician in the United States known for his work with the Iron City Houserockers in the late 1970s and early 1980s; and for his works since the late the 1980s with his act Joe Grushecky and The Houserockers; and for his solo career. After his days with the Iron City Houserockers he continued to have moderate success, mainly in the Pittsburgh area.", "Q176287": "Timaeus of Locri (; Ancient Greek: \u03a4\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u039b\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2, romanized: T\u00edmaios ho Lokr\u00f3s; Latin: Timaeus Locrus) is a character in two of Plato's dialogues, Timaeus and Critias. In both, he appears as a philosopher of the Pythagorean school. If there ever existed a historical Timaeus of Locri, he would have lived in the fifth century BC, but his historicity is dubious since he only appears as a literary figure in Plato; all other ancient sources are either based on Plato or are fictional accounts.", "Q598817": "Hollywood Burbank Airport, legally and formerly marketed as Bob Hope Airport (IATA: BUR, ICAO: KBUR, FAA LID: BUR), is a public airport 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest of downtown Burbank, in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The airport serves Downtown Los Angeles and the northern Greater Los Angeles area, including Glendale, Pasadena, and the San Fernando Valley. It is closer to Griffith Park, Hollywood, and Downtown Los Angeles than Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), and is the only airport in the area with a direct rail connection to downtown Los Angeles. Non-stop flights mostly serve cities in the western United States, while JetBlue Airways has daily flights to New York City and Boston and Delta Airlines has daily flights to Atlanta.\nOriginally the entire airport was within the Burbank city limits, but the north end of Runway 15/33 has been extended into the city of Los Angeles. The airport is owned by the Burbank\u2013Glendale\u2013Pasadena Airport Authority and controlled by the governments of those cities. The Airport Authority contracts with TBI Airport Management, Inc., to operate the airport, which has its own police and fire departments, the Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena Airport Authority Police. Boarding uses portable boarding steps or ramps rather than jet bridges. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017\u20132021 categorized it as a medium-hub primary commercial service facility.Hollywood Burbank Airport has a strict noise abatement procedure to reduce noise of aircraft arriving and departing from the airport. Commercial flights will not be scheduled between the hours of 10:00pm and 7:00am, all departing flights will take off to the south on Runway 15, and all arriving flights will land on runway 8; however, departing flights are prohibited from using runway 8.\nHollywood Burbank Airport is linked to Los Angeles International Airport by land via FlyAway express coach and Metrolink/Amtrak.\n\n", "Q119898": "Hugo K\u00fckelhaus (March 24, 1900 \u2013 October 5, 1984) was a German carpenter, writer, pedagogue, philosopher and artist. Hugo K\u00fckelhaus is best known for his infant toys \"allbedeut\" and the \"Experience field for the development of the senses.\" Throughout his life he presented his views for a humane-scaled living environment in talks and publications. Besides this he is regarded as a harbinger for infant toy designs that fulfil the requirements of pedagogy and developmental psychology. He gained international recognition for his design of 30 \"Experience stations\" at the German Pavilion of the Expo 1967 in Montreal. His ideas are relevant for contemporary theories of intelligence, educational technology and the design of learning environments.", "Q97083": "J\u00fcrgen Anton Benedikt Niese (24 November 1849 \u2013 1 February 1910), also known as Benedict, Benediktus or Benedictus Niese, was a German classical scholar.\nNiese was born in Burg, on the island of Fehmarn, then part of the German Confederation but ruled by King Frederick VII of Denmark. His father was Emil August Niese, pastor in the town, and his mother was born Benedicte Marie Matthiessen. He was educated at the Domgymnasium in Schleswig and then from 1867 at Bonn and Kiel, studying under Alfred von Gutschmid. After volunteering for the army during the Franco-Prussian War, he was awarded a PhD in 1872. After teaching for a short time in a secondary school in Flensburg, he travelled in Italy and France. In 1876 he became a lecturer at the University of G\u00f6ttingen. He was a professor at the University of Marburg from 1877 to 1881, after which he became Professor of Classical Philology at the University of Breslau. In 1885 he took the same post at Marburg and was rector there in 1900/01. In 1906 he was appointed Professor of Ancient History at the University of Halle, and died there in 1910. In 1881 he married Bertha Zimmerman (1859\u20131937). Their son Hans was born in 1882. He became a lecturer in History at University of G\u00f6ttingen and died in 1915 in the First World War. Their daughter Annemarie was born in 1890 and died in 1975.\nNiese is best known for his then definitive editio maior of the works of the Jewish historian Josephus (Weidmann, Berlin, 1885\u20131895), based on a detailed study of the best manuscripts available. His numbering system is still the most commonly used when referring to the text. His other works include Grundri\u00df der r\u00f6mischen Geschichte, 1889\u20131905), Studien insbesondere \u00fcber klassische griechische Autoren and Die Entwicklung der homerischen Poesie, 1882. Geschichte der griechischen und makedonischen Staaten seit der Schlacht bei Chaeronea was published between 1893 and 1899.\nNiese's sister was the writer Charlotte Niese.", "Q104177": "Otto Lenz (6 July 1903, Wetzlar, Rhine Province - 2 May 1957, Naples) was a German politician (CDU), serving from 1951 \u2013 1953 as Head of the Chancellery and from 1953 until his death as a member of the German Bundestag. He was also a signatory of the founding declaration of the CDU.", "Q67402": "Arpad Wigand (born 13 January 1906 \u2013 26 July 1983) was a Nazi German war criminal with the rank of SS-Oberf\u00fchrer who served as the SS and Police Leader in Warsaw (SS-und Polizeif\u00fchrer (SSPF) from 4 August 1941 until 23 April 1943 during the occupation of Poland in World War II.\nAs an aide to Erich von dem Bach Zelewski he first suggested the site of the former Austrian and later Polish artillery barracks in the Zasole suburb of Oswiecim for a concentration camp in January 1940. This site would evolve into the Auschwitz concentration camp which went on to become a major site of the Nazi \"Final Solution to the Jewish question\" resulting in the death of up to 1,000,000 Jews.", "Q186606": "Manisha Koirala (pronounced [m\u0259ni\u02d0\u0282a\u02d0 ko\u02d0\u026ara\u02d0la\u02d0]; born 16 August 1970) is a Nepalese actress who predominantly works in Indian films. Koirala is the recipient of several accolades, including four Filmfare Awards. In 2001, the Government of Nepal awarded her with the Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu, the second highest honour of the country.\nBorn to the politically prominent Koirala family, she is the daughter of Prakash Koirala and granddaughter of Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, former Prime Minister of Nepal. Initially aspiring to become a doctor, she had a brief stint in modeling, Koirala made her acting debut with the Nepali film Pheri Bhetaula (1989) while studying in school, and later went on to feature in the Hindi drama film Saudagar (1991). Following a series of commercial failures, Koirala established herself as a leading actress with acclaimed patriotic romance 1942: A Love Story (1994) and the Tamil-language romantic drama Bombay (1995), subsequently starring in a series of commercial successes, including the thriller Agni Sakshi (1996), the vigilante action Indian (1996), the suspense thriller Gupt: The Hidden Truth (1997), the action thriller Kachche Dhaage (1999), the gangster drama Company (2002) and the romance Ek Chhotisi Love Story (2002). She received critical recognition for her portrayal of an ambitious wife in the drama Akele Hum Akele Tum (1995), the daughter of deaf-mute parents in the musical romance Khamoshi: The Musical (1996), a terrorist in the romantic thriller Dil Se.. (1998) and a mistreated woman in the drama Lajja (2001).\nPost-2003, Koirala began to work with independent film makers in art-house projects and in regional films. Her performance in the drama Tulsi (2008), the Malayalam psychological drama Elektra (2010), the anthology I Am (2010) and the romantic comedy Mappillai (2011) was praised. She took a break from acting after being diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2012 and returned five years later with the coming-of-age drama Dear Maya (2017). The following year, she featured in the Netflix production Lust Stories and the biography Sanju; the latter ranks among the highest-grossing Indian releases.\nIn addition to acting in films, Koirala is a stage performer and has contributed as an author to the novel Healed, an account of her struggle with ovarian cancer. Koirala was appointed as the Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Population Fund in 1999 and 2015, and was involved in the relief works after the April 2015 Nepal earthquake. She promotes causes such as women's rights, prevention of violence against women, prevention of human trafficking and cancer awareness.", "Q2407862": "Americana (also known as American roots music) is an amalgam of American music formed by the confluence of the shared and varied traditions that make up the musical ethos of the United States, specifically those sounds that are merged from folk, country, blues, rhythm and blues, rock and roll, gospel, and other external influences. Americana, as defined by the Americana Music Association (AMA), is \"contemporary music that incorporates elements of various mostly acoustic American roots music styles, including country, roots rock, folk, gospel and bluegrass resulting in a distinctive roots-oriented sound that lives in a world apart from the pure forms of the genres upon which it may draw. While acoustic instruments are often present and vital, Americana also often uses a full electric band.\"", "Q526647": "Andy McDermott (born 2 July 1974) is a British thriller author and former magazine editor, film critic, and journalist. He is best known for his Nina Wilde and Eddie Chase novels.", "Q102506": "Wolfgang Walter Wilhelm Bosbach (born 11 June 1952) is a German politician and member of the conservative party, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), which he joined in 1972. A lawyer by profession, Bosbach is a partner at Winter, Jansen & Lamsfu\u00df in Bergisch Gladbach.", "Q201909": "The Diplomats (also known as Dipset) is an American hip hop group formed in 1997 by childhood friends Cam'ron and Jim Jones in Harlem, New York. The group was originally composed of Cam'ron, Jim Jones and Freekey Zekey, all of whom grew up together in Harlem. In 1999, fellow Harlem-based rapper Juelz Santana joined the group.\nIn 2001, following Cam'ron's signing, the group secured a recording contract with Diplomat Records, Cam'ron's label. It subsequently began recording its debut album, Diplomatic Immunity, and released it on the aforementioned labels in March 2003. Following tensions and controversy between Cam'ron and Jay-Z, the group subsequently severed ties with Roc-A-Fella and signed with indie record label Koch Records. The group released its second album Diplomatic Immunity 2, in November 2004 on Koch. After a hiatus because of artistic differences, in 2010 the original members began recording music together again and announced a reunion album. In February 2011, it was announced that the group had signed with Interscope Records. However, in May 2013, Freekey Zekey revealed it no longer recorded for Interscope. The group currently records for E1 Music, the successor of Koch.", "Q284917": "Voyage of the Damned is a 1976 drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg, with an all-star cast featuring Faye Dunaway, Oskar Werner, Lee Grant, Max von Sydow, James Mason, and Malcolm McDowell. \nThe story was inspired by true events concerning the fate of the ocean liner St. Louis carrying Jewish refugees from Germany to Cuba in 1939. It was based on a 1974 book written by Gordon Thomas and Max Morgan-Witts with the same title. The screenplay was written by David Butler and Steve Shagan. The film was produced by ITC Entertainment and released by Avco Embassy Pictures.", "Q164683": "Max Beckmann (February 12, 1884 \u2013 December 27, 1950) was a German painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor, and writer. Although he is classified as an Expressionist artist, he rejected both the term and the movement. In the 1920s, he was associated with the New Objectivity (Neue Sachlichkeit), an outgrowth of Expressionism that opposed its introverted emotionalism.", "Q71260": "Carl August Dohrn (27 June 1806 \u2013 10 May 1892) was a German entomologist.", "Q180277": "Hansa Records (also known as Hansa, Hansa Musik Produktion or Hansa International) was a record label founded in the 1960s based in Berlin, Germany.", "Q61073": "Sebastian M\u00fcnster (20 January 1488 \u2013 26 May 1552) was a German cartographer, cosmographer, and a Christian Hebraist scholar.\nHis work, the Cosmographia from 1544, was the earliest German description of the world.", "Q196401": "William Walker (May 8, 1824 \u2013 September 12, 1860) was an American physician, lawyer, journalist and mercenary who organized several private military expeditions into Latin America, with the intention of establishing English-speaking colonies under his personal control, an enterprise then known as \"filibustering\". Walker usurped the presidency of the Republic of Nicaragua in 1856 and ruled until 1857, when he was defeated by a coalition of Central American armies. He returned in an attempt to reestablish his control of the region and was captured and executed by the government of Honduras in 1860.", "Q954880": "L\u00e9onard Joseph (L\u00e9on) Faucher (French: [le\u0254\u0303 fo\u0283e]; 8 September 1803 \u2013 14 December 1854) was a French politician and economist.", "Q114370": "Franz Haller (24 March 1796 \u2013 5 March 1875) was a Hungarian politician. He served as ban of Croatia-Slavonia between 1842 and 1845 during the Croatian national revival and the Illyrian movement in the 1830s and 1840s.\nHaller was born in Kerel\u0151szentp\u00e1l. He was promoted by emperor Franz Joseph as ban on 16 June 1842 and was later promoted to lieutenant general. He took office on 18 October. Haller was brought in to carry on Magyarization in Croatia. In 1843, the use of the Illyrian name was banned. In large part due to the July victims incident, in which thirteen protesters were killed in Zagreb, Haller resigned his post and continued his military career in the Austrian Empire. Bishop Juraj Haulik became ban soon after.\nIn 1845 Haller donated 500 forint for building the Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb.", "Q4893910": "Xavier Vendrell i Segura, (San Juan Desp\u00ed (Barcelona), 15 October 1966) is a Catalan entrepreneur. He presides over the Colombo-Catalan Chamber of Commerce and he is the chief executive officer of two entrepreneur groups Barcelona Export Group and Biomek Group.\nSocial demograt politician, after more than twenty years dedicated to politics on the Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya party, nowadays he is focused on the entrepreneur world and he does not hold any political responsibility.", "Q38112": "Forestry is the science and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving, and repairing forests, woodlands, and associated resources for human and environmental benefits. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands. The science of forestry has elements that belong to the biological, physical, social, political and managerial sciences.Modern forestry generally embraces a broad range of concerns, in what is known as multiple-use management, including the provision of timber, fuel wood, wildlife habitat, natural water quality management, recreation, landscape and community protection, employment, aesthetically appealing landscapes, biodiversity management, watershed management, erosion control, and preserving forests as \"sinks\" for atmospheric carbon dioxide. A practitioner of forestry is known as a forester. Other common terms are: a verderer, or a silviculturalist. Silviculture is narrower than forestry, being concerned only with forest plants, but is often used synonymously with forestry.\nForest ecosystems have come to be seen as the most important component of the biosphere, and forestry has emerged as a vital applied science, craft, and technology.\nForestry is an important economic segment in various industrial countries. For example, in Germany, forests cover nearly a third of the land area, wood is the most important renewable resource, and forestry supports more than a million jobs and about \u20ac181 billion of value to the German economy each year.", "Q560606": "Anna Geyer (born Anna Elbert: 13 March 1893 - 2 March 1973) was a German politician (USPD, KPD, SPD) and journalist.", "Q506583": "Gary Mark Smith (born April 27, 1956) is an American street photographer. Smith is noted for his pioneering global range and his empathetic and literal style of photography sometimes captured in extremely hazardous circumstances.", "Q175942": "Phocion (; Greek: \u03a6\u03c9\u03ba\u03af\u03c9\u03bd Phokion; c. 402 \u2013 c. 318 BC; nicknamed The Good) was an Athenian statesman and strategos, and the subject of one of Plutarch's Parallel Lives.\nPhocion was a successful politician of Athens. He believed that extreme frugality was the condition for virtue and lived in accord with this; consequently, he was popularly known as \"The Good.\" Further, people thought that Phocion was the most honest member of the Athenian Assembly. However, within this chamber, Phocion's tendency to strong opposition relegated him to a solitary stand against the entire political class. Nonetheless, by both his individual prestige and his military expertise, which was acquired by the side of Chabrias, Phocion was elected strategos numerous times, with a record 45 terms in office. Thus, during most of his 84 years of life, Phocion occupied the most important Athenian offices.\nIn the late 320s, when Macedon gained complete control of Athens (under Antipater), though somewhat compromised, Phocion defended both the urban center and its citizens. He even refused to comply with some dishonorable requests of the enemy. However, his stance put Phocion in opposition to both most free Athenians and Polyperchon, the next ruler of Macedonia, who sent him back to Athens, where he was sentenced to death for treason by the then-restored popular assembly.", "Q312975": "William Hyde Wollaston (; 6 August 1766 \u2013 22 December 1828) was an English chemist and physicist who is famous for discovering the chemical elements palladium and rhodium. He also developed a way to process platinum ore into malleable ingots.", "Q145881": "Juan Furagganan Ponce Enrile Sr. (Tagalog: [hw\u0250\u031en \u02c8p\u0254\u031dns\u025b\u031d \u025bn\u02c8ril\u025b]; born February 14, 1924), abbreviated JPE, is a Filipino politician and lawyer. He was a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of President Ferdinand Marcos, and served as Justice Secretary and Defense Minister under the Marcos regime. He later became one of the leaders (along with General Fidel Ramos) of the 1986 People Power Revolution that drove Marcos from power and into exile. Enrile has continued to be a prominent politician since then; he was Senate President from November 2008 until his resignation on June 5, 2013.\n\n", "Q61067": "Johann Reuchlin (German: [\u02c8jo\u02d0han \u02c8\u0280\u0254\u028f\u032f\u00e7lin]; sometimes called Johannes; 29 January 1455 \u2013 30 June 1522) was a German-born Catholic humanist and a scholar of Greek and Hebrew, whose work also took him to modern-day Austria, Switzerland, and Italy and France. Most of Reuchlin's career centered on advancing German knowledge of Greek and Hebrew.", "Q1159061": "Dan Faulk (born 1969) is a jazz saxophonist, composer, and educator.\n\n", "Q507845": "Clifford Joseph Price MBE (born 19 September 1965 in Walsall, England), better known as Goldie, is a British musician, music producer, DJ, visual artist and actor.\nInitially gaining exposure for his work as a graffiti artist, Goldie became well known for his pioneering role as a musician in the 1990s UK jungle, drum and bass and breakbeat hardcore scenes. He released a variety of singles under the pseudonym Rufige Kru and co-founded the label Metalheadz. He would later release several albums under his own name, including the 1995 album Timeless, which entered the UK charts at number 7.\nGoldie's acting credits include the 1999 James Bond film The World Is Not Enough, Guy Ritchie's Snatch (2000) and the BBC soap opera EastEnders (2001\u20132002). He has also appeared in a number of celebrity reality television shows, including Celebrity Big Brother 2 (UK), Strictly Come Dancing, Come Dine with Me and Maestro.", "Q90920": "Elisabeth B\u00fcrstenbinder (born in Berlin on 25 November 1838; died in Merano on 10 October 1918) was a German writer who wrote under the name Ernst Werner. She first gained attention in 1870 with Hermann. Among her works Sacred Vows, Fickle Fortune, Riven Bonds, and some others had English translations.", "Q400858": "Ahmed Wali Karzai (Pashto: \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a \u06a9\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u200e, A\u1e25mad Wal\u012b Karzay, 1961 \u2013 12 July 2011) was a politician in Afghanistan who served as Chairman of the Kandahar Provincial Council from 2005 until his death. He was the younger paternal half-brother of former Afghan President Hamid Karzai and an elder of the Popalzai tribe. Wali Karzai formerly lived in the United States where he managed a restaurant owned by his family. He returned to Afghanistan following the removal of the Taliban government in late 2001. He has been accused of political corruption and was allegedly on the CIA payroll. He was assassinated by one of his close bodyguards, Sardar Mohammad, on 12 July 2011.", "Q4121704": "The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Faculty of Law (Portuguese: Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)), also known as the National Faculty of Law (Portuguese: Faculdade Nacional de Direito), is a law school located in downtown Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.\nFounded in 1920 through the merger of two private law schools dating from the 1880s, it is the third oldest law school in Brazil, after the University of S\u00e3o Paulo Faculty of Law and the Federal University of Pernambuco Faculty of Law, both founded in 1827. It is also the largest public law school in Brazil, with an enrollment of around three thousand students.\nIts alumni include some of the most distinguished legal scholars and public officials of Brazil, and members of the Supreme Court like Lafayette de Andrada (1945\u20131969), Assun\u00e7\u00e3o Galotti (1949\u20131974), N\u00e9lson Hungria (1951\u20131961), Nunes Leal (1960\u20131969), Cordeiro Guerra (1974\u20131986), Moreira Alves (1975\u20132003), and Marco Aur\u00e9lio Mello (1990\u2013present).\nThe Faculty is located in the palace once dedicated to the Duke of Arcos, in which the Brazilian Senate met from 1826 to 1924.", "Q1634940": "The Nakhchivan Khanate (Persian: \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062e\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200e \u2014 Kh\u0101n\u0101t-e Nakhchev\u0101n) was a khanate that was established in Afsharid Persia in 1747. The territory of the khanate corresponded to most of the present-day Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and Vayots Dzor Province of present-day Armenia. It was named after its chief settlement, the town of Nakhchivan.", "Q245187": "12 Rounds is a 2009 American action film directed by Renny Harlin and produced by WWE Studios. The cast is led by John Cena, alongside Aidan Gillen, Steve Harris, Gonzalo Menendez, Brian J. White, Ashley Scott, and Taylor Cole. The film was released to theaters in the United States on March 27, 2009.", "Q468528": "Saleha (full name: Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha binti Al-Marhum Pengiran Pemancha Pengiran Anak Haji Mohamed Alam; born 7 October 1946) is the Queen consort of Brunei as the wife of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, the current Sultan of Brunei. She was the daughter of Pengiran Pemancha Pengiran Anak Haji Mohammad Alam and Pengiran Anak Hajah Besar. After her husband was crowned as the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei, she succeeded her mother-in-law, Pengiran Anak Damit, as Raja Isteri (Queen consort). She is the mother of Crown Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah.", "Q646679": "Neue Deutsche Welle (NDW, pronounced [\u02c8n\u0254\u028f\u0259 \u02c8d\u0254\u028ft\u0283\u0259 \u02c8v\u025bl\u0259], \"New German Wave\") is a genre of West German rock music originally derived from post-punk and new wave music with electronic influences. The term was first coined by Dutch radio DJ Frits Spits on the popular nationwide radio station Hilversum 3, which was very popular among German listeners. Soon after that, the term was used in a record-shop advertisement by Burkhardt Seiler in an August 1979 issue of the West German magazine Sounds. It was then used by journalist Alfred Hilsberg in an article about the movement titled \"Neue Deutsche Welle \u2014 Aus grauer St\u00e4dte Mauern\" (\"New German Wave \u2014 From Grey Cities' Walls\") in Sounds in October 1979.", "Q73463": "Miguel Jontel Pimentel (born October 23, 1985) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actor. Raised in San Pedro, California, he began pursuing a music career at age thirteen. After signing to Jive Records in 2007, Miguel released his debut studio album, All I Want Is You, in November 2010. Although it was underpromoted upon its release, the album became a sleeper hit and helped Miguel garner commercial standing.After Jive's dissolution in 2011, he moved to RCA Records and released his second studio album, Kaleidoscope Dream, in 2012 to critical acclaim. In June 2015, Miguel released his third album, Wildheart, which also received critical acclaim. His fourth studio album War & Leisure was released in 2017 to further acclaim. Miguel incorporates R&B, funk, hip hop, rock and electronic styles into his music, and has been compared to vocalists Babyface and Prince.", "Q149063": "Monica Iozzi de Castro (Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, November 2, 1981) is a Brazilian actress and reporter currently appearing on Big Brother Brasil. She formerly was co-host of the afternoon program \"Video Show\" with Octaviano Costa on the Globo network in Brazil. She's currently focused on acting working.\n\n", "Q982578": "Meriem Fekkai (Arabic: \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u064a\u200e), sometimes spelled Fekai or Fekkai, was an Algerian singer. Born in 1889 and died in July 18, 1961, Meriem Fekkai is native of Biskra from a Jewish family, although she was raised in Algiers where she began and ended her musical career.She began her singing career rather late, but her talent was such as it had a great success at the time, she played the Hawzi of Arab-Andalusian music and put to music many poems of the Algerian directory.", "Q87284": "Kurt Grelling (2 March 1886 \u2013 September 1942) was a German logician and philosopher, member of the Berlin Circle.", "Q544968": "The Fineilspitze (Italian: Punta di Finale) is a peak in the Schnalskamm group of the \u00d6tztal Alps on the border between Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy. It is known for being the discovery site of Otzi.", "Q225673": "Juan Pablo Orrego is a Chilean ecologist, musician and environmentalist. He is the current president of the Ecosistemas (NGO). He is one of the most influential environmental voices in Chile, and Latin America as consequence of his important participation in campaigns against damming projects in Chile that threatened local communities and valuable eecosystems. In 1998, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award \"for his personal courage, self-sacrifice and perseverance in working for sustainable development in Chile.\"\n\n", "Q3049379": "Eijir\u014d T\u014dno (\u6771\u91ce\u82f1\u6cbb\u90ce, T\u014dno Eijir\u014d, 17 September 1907 \u2013 8 September 1994) was a Japanese actor who, in a career lasting more than 50 years, appeared in over 400 television shows, nearly 250 films and numerous stage productions. He is best known in the West for his roles in films by Akira Kurosawa, such as Seven Samurai (1954) and Yojimbo (1961), and films by Yasujir\u014d Ozu, such as Tokyo Story (1953) and An Autumn Afternoon (1962). He also appeared in Kill! by Kihachi Okamoto and Tora! Tora! Tora!, a depiction of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. His final film was Juzo Itami's A-ge-man (Tales of a Golden Geisha) in 1990. T\u014dno also starred as the title character in the long-running television jidaigeki series Mito K\u014dmon from 1969 to 1983. In the early years of his career he acted under the name of Katsuji Honjo (\u672c\u5e84\u514b\u4e8c).", "Q8684": "Seoul (, like soul; Korean: \uc11c\uc6b8 [s\u028c.ul] (listen); lit.\u2009'\"Capital\"'), officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. With the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province, Seoul forms the heart of the Seoul Capital Area. Ranked as an alpha world city, Seoul was the world's 4th largest metropolitan economy with a GDP of US$635 billion in 2014 after Tokyo, New York City and Los Angeles. International visitors generally reach Seoul via AREX from the Incheon International Airport, notable for having been rated the best airport for nine consecutive years (2005\u20132013) by the Airports Council International. In 2015, it was rated Asia's most livable city with the second highest quality of life globally by Arcadis, with the GDP per capita (PPP) in Seoul being around $40,000. In 2017, the cost of living in Seoul was ranked 6th globally. In 2018, Seoul's real estate market was ranked 5th in the world for the price of apartments in the downtown center. Seoul was one of the host cities for the official tournament of the 2002 FIFA World Cup in Korea/Japan. \nWith major technology hubs centered in Gangnam and Digital Media City, the Seoul Capital Area is home to the headquarters of 15 Fortune Global 500 companies, including Samsung, LG, and Hyundai. Ranked seventh in the Global Power City Index and Global Financial Centres Index, the metropolis exerts a major influence in global affairs as one of the five leading hosts of global conferences. Seoul has hosted the 1986 Asian Games, 1988 Summer Olympics, 2002 FIFA World Cup, and more recently the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit.\nSeoul was the capital of various Korean kingdoms, including Baekje, Joseon, and the Korean Empire and served as the secondary capital of Goryeo. Strategically located along the Han River, Seoul's history could stretch back over two thousand years, when it was founded in 18 BCE by the people of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. The city was later designated the capital of Korea under the Joseon dynasty. Seoul is surrounded by a mountainous and hilly landscape, with Bukhan Mountain located on the northern edge of the city. As with its long history, the Seoul Capital Area contains five UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Changdeok Palace, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine, Namhansanseong and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty. More recently, Seoul has been a major site of modern architectural construction \u2013 major modern landmarks include the N Seoul Tower, the 63 Building, the Lotte World Tower, the Dongdaemun Design Plaza, Lotte World, Trade Tower, COEX, and the IFC Seoul. Seoul was named the 2010 World Design Capital. As the birthplace of K-pop and the Korean Wave, Seoul received over 10 million international visitors in 2014, making it the world's 9th most visited city and 4th largest earner in tourism.", "Q63670": "Peter Joachim Gay (n\u00e9 Fr\u00f6hlich; June 20, 1923 \u2013 May 12, 2015) was a German-American historian, educator, and author. He was Sterling Professor of History at Yale University and former director of the New York Public Library's Center for Scholars and Writers (1997\u20132003). Gay received the American Historical Association's (AHA) Award for Scholarly Distinction in 2004. He authored over 25 books, including The Enlightenment: An Interpretation, a two-volume award winner; Weimar Culture: The Outsider as Insider (1968), a bestseller; and the widely translated Freud: A Life for Our Time (1988).Gay was born in Berlin in 1923 and emigrated to the United States in 1941. From 1948 to 1955 he was a political science professor at Columbia University, and then a history professor from 1955 to 1969. He left Columbia in 1969 to join Yale University\u2019s History Department as Professor of Comparative and Intellectual European History, and was named Sterling Professor of History in 1984. Gay was the interim editor of The American Scholar after the death of Hiram Haydn in 1973, and served on that magazine's editorial board for many years. Sander L. Gilman, a literary historian at Emory University, called Gay \"one of the major American historians of European thought, period\".", "Q4725739": "Alice Bah Kuhnke (born Alice Bah; 21 December 1971) is Swedish politician who served as the Swedish Minister of Culture and Democracy From October 2014 to January 2019. Formerly, she was a television presenter. She also helped found the think tank Sektor3.She was elected Member of the European Parliament in the 2019 European Parliament election in Sweden.", "Q235460": "Kathy Ann Najimy ( n\u0259-JIM-ee; born February 6, 1957) is an American actress, director, writer, producer and activist. She is best known for her roles in the films Sister Act (1992), Hocus Pocus (1993), and Rat Race (2001), as well as her portrayal of Olive Massery on the NBC sitcom Veronica's Closet (1997\u20132000) and for voicing Peggy Hill on the animated television series King of the Hill (1997\u20132010). She was first nationally known for her feminist play The Kathy and Mo Show, which she wrote and performed with Mo Gaffney.", "Q110116": "Friedrich Karl Florian (4 February 1894 in Essen \u2013 24 October 1975 in Mettmann) was the Gauleiter of D\u00fcsseldorf in Nazi Germany. He entered military service in August, 1914, as a Kriegsfreiwilliger and was assigned to Grenadier-Regiment 1 (Garrison: K\u00f6nigsberg). He served in the unit until 1916, when he volunteered for the Fliegertruppe and was assigned after training to Jagdstaffel (Jasta) 51 in Jagdgeschwader Richthofen. Shot down and captured by British troops in May, 1918, he was released from captivity in November, 1919.\nHe joined the NSDAP on 18.8.1925, member number 16,699.. He worked as Gauleiter of the D\u00fcsseldorf Gau from 1 January 1930 to 8 May 1945 \u2013 seven days after Adolf Hitler's death. During this time, he was also a member of the Reichstag. On 1 May 1936, he was appointed to the Reich leadership. On 25 September 1933 he became an SA Gruppenf\u00fchrer, and on 30 January 1937 an SA Obergruppenf\u00fchrer.\nDuring his stay in D\u00fcsseldorf, the racialist, right-wing journalist Lothrop Stoddard described Florian thus: \"He was a distinctly sinister-looking type; hard-faced, with a cruel eye and a still crueler mouth. A sadist, if I ever saw one. I can imagine how unpopular he must be among the good-natured, kindly Duesseldorfers.'\"Florian was sentenced to six years in prison after the war because of his rank in the Nazi Party and released in 1951. He remained a convinced Nazi after the war and maintained contact to former associates from the Nazi era. He was charged with ordering the execution of five D\u00fcsseldorf citizens who had attempted to surrender the city to the US Army in April 1945 but was acquitted.", "Q182474": "Pope Lucius III (c. 1100 \u2013 25 November 1185), born Ubaldo Allucingoli, reigned from 1 September 1181 to his death.", "Q724956": "Jens Martin Lekman (pronounced [j\u025bns \u02c8m\u01ce\u0288\u02d0\u026an \u02c8l\u00ea\u02d0kman]; born 6 February 1981) is a Swedish musician. His music is guitar-based pop with heavy use of samples and strings, with lyrics that are often witty, romantic, and melancholic. His work is heavily influenced by Jonathan Richman and Belle & Sebastian, and he has been likened to Stephin Merritt (of The Magnetic Fields), David Byrne, and Scott Walker.", "Q141359": "Oliver! is a 1968 British musical drama film directed by Carol Reed, written by Vernon Harris, and based on the stage musical of the same name. Both the film and play are based on Charles Dickens's novel Oliver Twist. The film includes such musical numbers as \"Food, Glorious Food\", \"Consider Yourself\", \"As Long as He Needs Me\", \"You've Got to Pick a Pocket or Two\", and \"Where Is Love?\". Filmed at Shepperton Film Studio in Surrey, it was a Romulus Films production and was distributed internationally by Columbia Pictures.\nAt the 41st Academy Awards for 1968, Oliver! was nominated for eleven Academy Awards and won six, including Best Picture, Best Director for Reed, and an Honorary Award for choreographer Onna White. At the 26th Golden Globe Awards, the film won two Golden Globes: for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy, and Best Actor \u2013 Musical or Comedy for Ron Moody.\nThe British Film Institute ranked Oliver! the 77th greatest British film of the 20th century. In 2017, a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for Time Out magazine ranked it the 69th best British film ever.", "Q427559": "Coral Gables, officially the City of Coral Gables, is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States, located southwest of Downtown Miami. The United States Census Bureau estimates conducted in 2018 yielded the city had a population of 50,999. Coral Gables is home to the University of Miami.", "Q1878": "Michael Schmidt-Salomon (born 14 September 1967, in Trier) is a German author, philosopher, and public relations manager. As chairman of the Giordano Bruno Foundation, a humanist organization that is critical of religion, he has been identified as Germany's \"Chief Atheist.\" His books include the Manifesto of Evolutionary Humanism: A Plea for a Contemporary Culture, and Die Kirche im Kopf (The Church in the Head). His children's book Wo bitte geht's zu Gott?, fragte das kleine Ferkel (\"Which is the way to God,\nplease?, little Piglet asked\") caused controversy for its depiction of religion.", "Q73305": "Giuseppe Gabrielli (26 February 1903 \u2013 29 November 1987) was an Italian aeronautics engineer. He is famous as the designer of numerous Italian military aircraft, including the FIAT G.50 and G.55 World War II fighters.\n\nHe was born in Caltanissetta, Sicily, and studied at the Politecnico di Torino and in Aachen, Germany under Theodore von Karman. Gabrielli began his work as designer at Piaggio, but was soon called to FIAT by Giovanni Agnelli to lead his aeronautics section.\nGabrielli designed 142 aircraft, all bearing his initial, including the G.50, the G.55 (one of the best fighters in World War II), the G.80 (one of the first jets designed in Italy), the Aeritalia G.91, which won a contest for a NATO standard fighter in the 1950s, and the G.222, a military transport airplane, whose design was later evolved into the C-27J Spartan (with the addition of new engines and new avionics to the airframe).\nGabrielli was awarded the Ludwig-Prandtl-Ring from the Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics) for \"outstanding contribution in the field of aerospace engineering\" in 1967.\nHe died in Turin in 1987.", "Q131866": "Branscombe Richmond (born August 8, 1955), sometimes credited in films as Richmond Branscombe, Ranscombe Richmon, Ranhome Quickman or Branscom Richmond, is an American character actor and stuntman of English, Native American, Native Hawaiian, French, French Polynesian, Spanish and Portuguese descent.", "Q64679": "Pratteln (Swiss German: Brattele) is a municipality in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland, located in the district of Liestal.", "Q12937": "Georges Fenech (born 26 October 1954) is a French judge and politician.", "Q439767": "Shannon Lucio (born June 25, 1980) is an American actress.\nBorn in Denver, Colorado, Lucio grew up in San Antonio, Texas, and graduated from John Marshall High School. She is a graduate of the University of Southern California. She is well known for the acting role of Lindsay Gardner on The O.C.. Lucio was later cast in the lead female role of the CBS television drama Moonlight (2007), but was replaced by Sophia Myles in April 2007. Lucio also played Miriam Hultz/Trishanne in the series Prison Break.", "Q327070": "Fran\u00e7ois Nicolas Beno\u00eet, Baron Haxo (24 June 1774 \u2013 25 June 1838) was a French Army general and military engineer during the French Revolution and First Empire. Haxo became famous in the Siege of Antwerp in 1832. He is the nephew of revolution era General Nicolas Haxo of \u00c9tival-Clairefontaine and Saint-Di\u00e9-des-Vosges in Lorraine, France.", "Q3048701": "Edward Tuck (August 24, 1842 \u2013 April 30, 1938) was an American banker, diplomat, and philanthropist. He is known for funding the establishment of the Tuck School of Business at his alma mater, Dartmouth College. The son of Amos Tuck, a founder of the Republican Party, Edward Tuck served as the Vice Consul in Paris, and grew his fortune as a partner of the banking firm John Munroe & Co.", "Q212961": "Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass. These cancerous cells have the ability to invade other parts of the body. There are a number of types of pancreatic cancer. The most common, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, accounts for about 90% of cases, and the term \"pancreatic cancer\" is sometimes used to refer only to that type. These adenocarcinomas start within the part of the pancreas which makes digestive enzymes. Several other types of cancer, which collectively represent the majority of the non-adenocarcinomas, can also arise from these cells. One to two percent of cases of pancreatic cancer are neuroendocrine tumors, which arise from the hormone-producing cells of the pancreas. These are generally less aggressive than pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Signs and symptoms of the most-common form of pancreatic cancer may include yellow skin, abdominal or back pain, unexplained weight loss, light-colored stools, dark urine, and loss of appetite. There are usually no symptoms in the disease's early stages, and symptoms that are specific enough to suggest pancreatic cancer typically do not develop until the disease has reached an advanced stage. By the time of diagnosis, pancreatic cancer has often spread to other parts of the body.Pancreatic cancer rarely occurs before the age of 40, and more than half of cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma occur in those over 70. Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include tobacco smoking, obesity, diabetes, and certain rare genetic conditions. About 25% of cases are linked to smoking, and 5\u201310% are linked to inherited genes. Pancreatic cancer is usually diagnosed by a combination of medical imaging techniques such as ultrasound or computed tomography, blood tests, and examination of tissue samples (biopsy). The disease is divided into stages, from early (stage I) to late (stage IV). Screening the general population has not been found to be effective.The risk of developing pancreatic cancer is lower among non-smokers, and people who maintain a healthy weight and limit their consumption of red or processed meat. A smoker's chance of developing the disease decreases if they stop smoking and almost returns to that of the rest of the population after 20 years. Pancreatic cancer can be treated with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, palliative care, or a combination of these. Treatment options are partly based on the cancer stage. Surgery is the only treatment that can cure pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and may also be done to improve quality of life without the potential for cure. Pain management and medications to improve digestion are sometimes needed. Early palliative care is recommended even for those receiving treatment that aims for a cure.In 2015, pancreatic cancers of all types resulted in 411,600 deaths globally. Pancreatic cancer is the fifth most-common cause of death from cancer in the United Kingdom, and the third most-common in the United States. The disease occurs most often in the developed world, where about 70% of the new cases in 2012 originated. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma typically has a very poor prognosis: after diagnosis, 25% of people survive one year and 5% live for five years. For cancers diagnosed early, the five-year survival rate rises to about 20%. Neuroendocrine cancers have better outcomes; at five years from diagnosis, 65% of those diagnosed are living, though survival varies considerably depending on the type of tumor.", "Q2613111": "Roberto Palazuelos Badeaux (born January 31, 1967 in Acapulco, Guerrero), better known as Roberto Palazuelos (Spanish pronunciation: [ro\u02c8\u03b2e\u027eto pala\u02c8swelos]) or \"El Diamante Negro\" (The Black Diamond), is a Mexican actor, model and producer; best known for his work in Latin Novelas.", "Q180505": "Loie Fuller (born Marie Louise Fuller; January 15, 1862 \u2013 January 1, 1928), also known as Louie Fuller and Lo\u00efe Fuller, was an American actress and dancer who was a pioneer of both modern dance and theatrical lighting techniques.", "Q36881": "Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi (born 14 February 1933 \u2013 23 February 1969), better known by her stage name Madhubala, was an Indian film actress who appeared in Hindi films. She was active between 1942 and 1964. Known for her beauty, personality, and sensitive portrayals of tragic women, she was also known as The Beauty With Tragedy and The Venus Queen of Indian Cinema. Her comparison with Hollywood actress Marilyn Monroe earned her the name Marilyn Monroe of Bollywood.Madhubala made her screen debut as a child artist at the age of nine with the film Basant (1942). However, her acting career as a heroine actually began in 1947, when she appeared in Neel Kamal with Raj Kapoor at the age of 14. During the career span of 22 years, she appeared in around 73 Hindi films. She received her only nomination for a Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her performance in Mughal-e-Azam (1960).In 1951, she also caught the interest of Hollywood when ace photographer James Burke visited India and photographed her for Life Magazine. In their feature of her, Life, called her \"the biggest star\" in the international film industry. She was photographed extensively for this feature by James Burke. Madhubala had been compared to Marilyn Monroe: the smoldering looks, the short career, the tragic end. \"There was a remarkable similarity in the soft vulnerability of their faces\", writes Khatija Akbar in her biography of Madhubala. \"The same abandoned to their laughter, head thrown back, that same incandescent glow\". She was an avid fan of Hollywood, and while visiting Bombay, Frank Capra was keen in giving her a break in Hollywood but her father refused.\nMadhubala received wide recognition for her performances in films such as Mahal (1949), Amar (1954), Mr. & Mrs. '55 (1955), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958), Mughal-e-Azam (1960) and Barsaat Ki Raat (1960). Her performance in Mughal-e-Azam established her as an iconic actress of Hindi Cinema. Her last film Jwala, although shot in the 1950s, was released in 1971. \nMadhubala's private life received much attention. Madhubala had a long relationship with actor Dilip Kumar, but chose to marry her Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi co-star Kishore Kumar in 1960. Together they had worked in films such as Dhake Ki Malmal (1956), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958), Jhumroo (1961) and Half Ticket (1962). Madhubala's life and career was cut short when she died in 1969 from a prolonged illness at the age of 36.", "Q1378765": "Eustorg de Beaulieu or Hector de Beaulieu (around 1495 - 8 January 1552) is a French poet, composer and pastor. He was one of the first French authors to convert to protestantism.", "Q188159": "A Dangerous Method is a 2011 historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley, Viggo Mortensen, Michael Fassbender, and Vincent Cassel. The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure, which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr, A Most Dangerous Method: The story of Jung, Freud, and Sabina Spielrein.\nSet on the eve of World War I, A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung, founder of analytical psychology; Sigmund Freud, founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis; and Sabina Spielrein, initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts.A co-production between British, Canadian and German production companies, the film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen (after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises). This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas, after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash. Filming took place between May and July 2010 in Cologne on a soundstage, with exterior shots filmed in Vienna.\nA Dangerous Method premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was theatrically released in Germany on 10 November 2011 by Universal Pictures International, in Canada on 13 January 2012 by Entertainment One and in the United Kingdom on 10 February 2012 by Lionsgate. The film grossed $24 million worldwide and received positive reviews from critics, many praising the performances (particularly Mortensen, Fassbender and Knightley) and Cronenberg's direction. It appeared on several critics' year-end lists. At the 70th Golden Globe Awards, Mortensen was nominated for the Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud.", "Q464474": "Josefina Pla (9 November 1903 in Isla de Lobos, Canary Islands, Spain \u2013 11 January 1999 in Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay) was a Spanish poet, playwright, art critic, painter and journalist.\nShe received numerous awards and distinctions for her literary work, for defending human rights and the equality between men and women.\n\n\"Living the other one that I am that wasn't what would have been.Living what would have been dying which I am still not.\nSleeping all was I, another waking I go.\"\nNos habremos deseado tanto / que el beso habr\u00e1 muerto. Desnudo d\u00eda, 1936 We will have wanted each other so bad / that the kiss will have died. Naked day, 1936", "Q37547": "Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry \"to ascertain the nature of the astronomical objects, rather than their positions or motions in space\". Among the objects studied are the Sun, other stars, galaxies, extrasolar planets, the interstellar medium and the cosmic microwave background. Emissions from these objects are examined across all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the properties examined include luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition. Because astrophysics is a very broad subject, astrophysicists apply concepts and methods from many disciplines of physics, including classical mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, relativity, nuclear and particle physics, and atomic and molecular physics.\nIn practice, modern astronomical research often involves a substantial amount of work in the realms of theoretical and observational physics. Some areas of study for astrophysicists include their attempts to determine the properties of dark matter, dark energy, black holes, and other celestial bodies; whether or not time travel is possible, wormholes can form, or the multiverse exists; and the origin and ultimate fate of the universe. Topics also studied by theoretical astrophysicists include Solar System formation and evolution; stellar dynamics and evolution; galaxy formation and evolution; magnetohydrodynamics; large-scale structure of matter in the universe; origin of cosmic rays; general relativity, special relativity, quantum and physical cosmology, including string cosmology and astroparticle physics.\n\n", "Q92689": "Sopot [\u02c8s\u0254p\u0254t] (listen) (Kashubian: Sop\u00f2t; German: Zoppot, [\u02c8ts\u0254p\u0254t] (listen)) is a seaside resort city in Eastern Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland, with a population of approximately 40,000.\nSopot is a city with powiat (county) status, in Pomeranian Voivodeship. Until 1999 Sopot was part of the Gda\u0144sk Voivodeship. It lies between the larger cities of Gda\u0144sk to the southeast and Gdynia to the northwest. The three cities together make up the metropolitan area of Tri-City.\nSopot is a major health-spa and tourist resort destination. It has the longest wooden pier in Europe, at 515.5 metres, stretching out into the Bay of Gda\u0144sk. The city is also famous for its Sopot International Song Festival, the largest such event in Europe after the Eurovision Song Contest. Among its other attractions is a fountain of bromide spring water, known as the \"inhalation mushroom\".", "Q191408": "Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc (French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303sis \u0292\u0251\u0303 ma\u0281s\u025bl pul\u025b\u0303k]; 7 January 1899 \u2013 30 January 1963) was a French composer and pianist. His compositions include songs, solo piano works, chamber music, choral pieces, operas, ballets, and orchestral concert music. Among the best-known are the piano suite Trois mouvements perp\u00e9tuels (1919), the ballet Les biches (1923), the Concert champ\u00eatre (1928) for harpsichord and orchestra, the Organ Concerto (1938), the opera Dialogues des Carm\u00e9lites (1957), and the Gloria (1959) for soprano, choir and orchestra.\nAs the only son of a prosperous manufacturer Poulenc was expected to follow his father into the family firm, and he was not allowed to enrol at a music college. Largely self-educated musically, he studied with the pianist Ricardo Vi\u00f1es, who became his mentor after the composer's parents died. Poulenc also made the acquaintance of Erik Satie, under whose tutelage he became one of a group of young composers known collectively as Les Six. In his early works Poulenc became known for his high spirits and irreverence. During the 1930s a much more serious side to his nature emerged, particularly in the religious music he composed from 1936 onwards, which he alternated with his more light-hearted works.\nIn addition to composing, Poulenc was an accomplished pianist. He was particularly celebrated for his performing partnerships with the baritone Pierre Bernac (who also advised him in vocal writing) and the soprano Denise Duval, touring in Europe and America with each, and making many recordings. He was among the first composers to see the importance of the gramophone, and he recorded extensively from 1928 onwards.\nIn his later years, and for decades after his death, Poulenc had a reputation, particularly in his native country, as a humorous, lightweight composer, and his religious music was often overlooked. During the 21st century more attention has been given to his serious works, with many new productions of Dialogues des Carm\u00e9lites and La voix humaine worldwide, and numerous live and recorded performances of his songs and choral music.", "Q373421": "Leonid Borisovich Krasin (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0434 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043d; 15 July 1870 \u2013 24 November 1926) was a Russian engineer, social entrepreneur and Soviet Bolshevik politician and diplomat.", "Q472216": "Rupert S. Graves (born 30 June 1963) is an English film, television, and theatre actor. He is known for his roles in A Room with a View, Maurice, The Madness of King George and The Forsyte Saga. Since 2010 he has starred as DI Lestrade in the BBC television series Sherlock.\n\n", "Q58180": "Edmond Haxhinasto (born 16 November 1966) is an Albanian politician who was Deputy Prime Minister of Albania from 2011 to 2013.", "Q92851": "David Andrew Patterson (born November 16, 1947) is an American computer pioneer and academic who has held the position of Professor of Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley since 1976. He announced retirement in 2016 after serving nearly forty years, becoming a distinguished engineer at Google. He currently is Vice Chair of the Board of Directors of the RISC-V Foundation, and the Pardee Professor of Computer Science, Emeritus at UC Berkeley.\nPatterson is noted for his pioneering contributions to RISC processor design, having coined the term RISC, and by leading the Berkeley RISC project. As of 2018, 99% of all new chips use a RISC architecture. He is also noted for leading the research on RAID storage together with Randy Katz.His books on computer architecture (co-authored with John L. Hennessy) are widely used in computer science education. Along with Hennessy, Patterson won the 2017 Turing Award for their work in developing RISC.", "Q78250": "Walter Paul Emil Schreiber (21 March 1893 \u2013 5 September 1970) was a medical officer with the German Army in World War I and a brigadier-general (Generalarzt) of the Wehrmacht Medical Service during World War II. He would later serve as a key witness against Hermann G\u00f6ring during the Nuremberg Trials.", "Q1850": "Phnom Penh (; Khmer: \u1797\u17d2\u1793\u17c6\u1796\u17c1\u1789, romanized: phnum p\u0268\u00f1, IPA: [p\u02b0n\u028am \u02c8p\u0268\u0272]; literally \"Penh's Hill\"), formerly known as Krong Chaktomuk Serimongkul (Khmer: \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1785\u178f\u17bb\u1798\u17bb\u1781\u179f\u17b7\u179a\u17b8\u1798\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u179b, lit. 'City of the Brahma's Faces') or shortly known as Krong Chaktomuk (Khmer: \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1785\u178f\u17bb\u1798\u17bb\u1781), is the capital and most populous city in Cambodia. Phnom Penh has been the national capital since French colonization of Cambodia, and has grown to become the nation's economic, industrial, and cultural center.\nOnce known as the \"Pearl of Asia,\" it was considered one of the loveliest French-built cities in Indochina in the 1920s. Phnom Penh, along with Siem Reap and Sihanoukville, are significant global and domestic tourist destinations for Cambodia. Founded in 1372, the city is noted for its historical architecture and attractions. It became the national capital in 1434 following the fall of Angkor, and remained so until 1497. It regained its capital status during the French colonial era in 1865. There are a number of surviving French colonial buildings scattered along the grand boulevards.\nOn the banks of the Tonl\u00e9 Sap, Mekong, and Bassac Rivers, Phnom Penh is home to more than 2 million people, approximately 14% of the Cambodian population.", "Q360313": "Gil Bellows (born June 28, 1967) is a Canadian film and television actor, screenwriter, and director. He is best known for the roles of Tommy Williams in The Shawshank Redemption, Billy Thomas in the television series Ally McBeal, and as CIA agent Matt Callan in the television series The Agency. In 2016\u20132017, he was a regular cast member in the USA Network series Eyewitness.", "Q1776597": "Celina Midelfart (born 12 February 1973) is a Norwegian businesswoman. She lives in Chelsea, London.\n\n", "Q64651": "Saas im Pr\u00e4ttigau is a Swiss village in the Pr\u00e4ttigau and a former municipality in the district of Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2016 the former municipality of Saas im Pr\u00e4ttigau merged into the municipality of Klosters-Serneus.", "Q4459474": "Nikolay Petrovich Tokarev (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432; * 20 December 1950 in Karaganda) is a Russian businessman and oligarch. He is the president of the Russian pipeline company Transneft. Tokarev was graduated from Karaganda Polytechnic Institute in 1973.\nHe was a KGB officer in East Germany, where he met and allied with KGB officers Vladimir Putin and Sergey Chemezov who were living in Dresden under their KGB boss Lazar Matveev. Between 1996 and 1999 Tokarev worked for the state Presidential Property Management Department where Putin's title was deputy chief in 1996 and 1997.Tokarev has been president of Transneft since October 2007 and a member of the company's board of directors since June 2009. From 2000 to 2007, he was president of the Russian oil company Zarubezhneft.", "Q370100": "Oscar William Neebe I (July 12, 1850 \u2013 April 22, 1916) was an anarchist, labor activist and one of the defendants in the Haymarket bombing trial.", "Q469178": "Rachel Marsden (born December 2, 1974) is a conservative political columnist, television commentator and university lecturer, originally from Canada but now based in Paris. She is also the CEO of Rachel Marsden Associates, a PR and media consultancy firm. As of March 2016, she hosts a French-language geopolitical talk show on Sputnik News from the network's Paris studio four times per week. As of 2018, she is also a nationally ranked competitive swimmer at the masters level in France, specializing in sprint freestyle and butterfly.In the 2000s, she was a columnist for publications such as the Toronto Sun\nand Human Events magazine. Her column is currently syndicated by Tribune Publishing.", "Q3665386": "C\u00e9sar Civita, born Cesare Civita (September 4, 1905 \u2014 April 9, 2005) was an American-Argentine publisher, who in 1936 became general manager of Arnoldo Mondadori Editore in Italy. Following passage of the Race Laws in 1938, he emigrated with his family to New York to escape the discriminatory restrictions since they were at risk for being Jewish.\nHe moved with his family again in 1941 to Buenos Aires, becoming Walt Disney's representative in Argentina and founding Editorial Abril that year. By the 1960s, his publishing house produced nine magazines.\nHis brother Victor Civita emigrated to Brazil, where he established Editora Abril in S\u00e3o Paulo in 1949. It developed into Grupo Abril, one of the largest publishing houses in the country.", "Q1145306": "The University of Calcutta, informally known as Calcutta University (CU), is a collegiate public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It was established on 24 January 1857, and was one of the first institutions in Asia to be established as a multidisciplinary and Western-style university. Within India it is recognized as a \"Five-Star University\" and accredited \"A\" Grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council. University of Calcutta was awarded the status of \"Centre with Potential for Excellence In Particular Area\"and \"University with potential for excellence\" by the UGC.The university has a total of fourteen campuses spread over the city of Kolkata and its suburbs. As of 2012, 136 colleges are affiliated to it. The university has secured the fifth position among the Universities of India in the prestigious \"Indian University Ranking 2019\" list, released by the NIRF of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state, heads of government, social reformers, prominent artists, only academy award winner and Dirac medal winner in India, many Fellows of the Royal Society and five Nobel laureates as of 2019 which is highest in South Asia. The university has the highest number of students who have cleared the doctoral entrance eligibility exam in Natural Science & Arts conducted by Government of India's National Eligibility Test to become eligible to pursue research with a full scholarship awarded by the Government of India. University of Calcutta is a member of United Nations Academic Impact.", "Q296491": "George Henry Sanders (3 July 1906 \u2013 25 April 1972) was a British film and television actor, singer-songwriter, music composer, and author. His career as an actor spanned over forty years. His upper-class English accent and bass voice often led him to be cast as sophisticated but villainous characters. He is perhaps best known as Jack Favell in Rebecca (1940), Scott ffolliott in Foreign Correspondent (1940, a rare heroic part), Addison DeWitt in All About Eve (1950, for which he won an Oscar), Sir Brian De Bois-Guilbert in Ivanhoe (1952), King Richard the Lionheart in King Richard and the Crusaders (1954), Mr. Freeze in a two-parter episode of Batman (1966), the voice of the malevolent man-hating tiger Shere Khan in Disney's The Jungle Book (1967), and as Simon Templar, The Saint, in five films made in the 1930s and 1940s.", "Q234030": "Carolyn Janice Cherry (born September 1, 1942), better known by the pen name C. J. Cherryh, is an American writer of speculative fiction. She has written more than 80 books since the mid-1970s, including the Hugo Award-winning novels Downbelow Station (1981) and Cyteen (1988), both set in her Alliance-Union universe. She is known for \"world building\", depicting fictional realms with great realism supported by vast research in history, language, psychology, and archeology.\nCherryh (pronounced \"Cherry\") appended a silent \"h\" to her real name because her first editor, Donald A. Wollheim, felt that \"Cherry\" sounded too much like a romance writer. She used only her initials, C.J., to disguise that she was female at a time when the majority of science fiction authors were male.The author has an asteroid, 77185 Cherryh, named after her. Referring to this honor, the asteroid's discoverers wrote of Cherryh: \"She has challenged us to be worthy of the stars by imagining how mankind might grow to live among them.\"", "Q109309": "Agnieszka Brugger (n\u00e9e Malczak, born 8 February 1985) is a German politician (Alliance 90/The Greens) of Polish origin.\n\n", "Q1424269": "Jimmy Murphy (born October 11, 1925, Birmingham, Alabama - d. June 1, 1981) was an American country and rockabilly guitarist and singer-songwriter.\nMurphy's father, a bricklayer, was a blues enthusiast, and so the young Murphy grew up listening to musicians such as Lead Belly and Blind Boy Fuller. Murphy had already made it to radio by the middle of the 1940s, appearing on local station WBRC's Happy Hal Burns Show. In 1949 he relocated to Knoxville, Tennessee and auditioned for Dinner Bell, a show on WROL hosted by Archie Campbell. Campbell had Murphy meet Chet Atkins, whom Murphy eventually gave a demo; RCA Victor subsequently signed him to a publishing deal and recorded him in January 1951 with just himself on guitar and vocals and Anita Carter playing bass.\nMurphy's contract only lasted one year; all of his singles failed to sell. He continued, however, to perform on WROL, and moved to WNOX in the middle of the 1950s. In 1955, Don Law signed Murphy to Columbia Records and had him record a number of rockabilly sides, but none of these charted, and this contract ended in 1956. Murphy followed his father into the bricklaying business and continued playing music on the side, but returned in 1962 to record for Ark Records, Midnite, Loyal, Rimrock, and Starday over the next few years.\nHe went into retirement until the Library of Congress re-released his first single, \"Electricity\", on a compilation. Richard Spottswood found Murphy and asked him to begin recording again; the result was the full-length Electricity, released on Sugar Hill Records in 1978. Further recording and a tour had been planned, but Murphy died in 1981 before they could be completed. He has remained a cult figure among rockabilly enthusiasts, and in 1989 Bear Family Records collected his RCA and Columbia recordings (16 songs recorded between 1951 and 1956) and issued them on CD as Sixteen Tons Rock & Roll. 21 recordings from the 1960s were issued in 1999 on the Ace Records (UK) label under the title Southern Roots: The Legendary Starday-REM Sessions", "Q88821": "Beatrice von Dovsky (14 November 1866, Vienna \u2013 18 July 1923, Vienna) was an Austrian poet, writer, and actress. She is best known for writing the libretto for Max von Schillings's opera Mona Lisa which she presented to the composer in the spring of 1913. The subject was very topical at the time, because the painting by Leonardo da Vinci had been stolen from the Louvre in 1911, and rediscovered in Florence in 1913. The opera premiered successfully at the Staatsoper Stuttgart in September 1915, and, while not part of the standard opera repertory, has been commercially recorded three times and revived numerous times by major opera houses throughout the 20th century.Dovsky's other works include poems, short stories and works for children. Her fairy tales are among her more well known works, including Der Wiener Fratz, Die Gn\u00e4' Frau, and Zw\u00f6lf M\u00e4rchen aus der Ostmark among others. She was also active as a stage actress in Vienna. She died in 1923 at the age of 57 and is buried in the Hietzinger Cemetery.The Dovskygasse, a street in the 13th municipal District of Vienna, Hietzing, was named after her.", "Q2073496": "Raymond Wilkes \"Ray\" McKinnon (born November 15, 1957) is an American actor, screenwriter, film director and producer.", "Q240969": "Melissa Sue Anderson (born September 26, 1962) is an American-Canadian actress. She began her career as a child actress after appearing in several commercials in Los Angeles. Anderson is known for her role as Mary Ingalls on the NBC drama series Little House on the Prairie, on which she starred from 1974 until 1981. She is also known for her film roles, including Vivian in Midnight Offerings (1981), Ginny in the slasher film Happy Birthday to Me (1981), and Alex in the ABC Afterschool Special, Which Mother Is Mine? (1979).Anderson became a naturalized citizen of Canada in 2007. In 2010, she published The Way I See It: A Look Back at My Life on Little House, an autobiographical account of her years acting on Little House on the Prairie.", "Q568514": "Anqiu (simplified Chinese: \u5b89\u4e18; traditional Chinese: \u5b89\u90b1; pinyin: \u0100nqi\u016b) is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Weifang in the south of Shandong province, China\nThe population at the 2010 census was 926,900 even though the built-up area is much smaller.\nPart of the Great Wall of Qi begins here, and is listed on the People's Republic of China's list of historical artifacts.", "Q3495973": "William Notman (8 March 1826 \u2013 25 November 1891) was a Scottish-Canadian photographer and businessman. The Notman House in Montreal was his home from 1876 until his death in 1891 and has since been named after him.", "Q531461": "Raymond Hart Massey (August 30, 1896 \u2013 July 29, 1983) was a Canadian actor, known for his commanding, stage-trained voice. For his lead role in Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1940), Massey was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor. He also was well known for playing Dr. Gillespie in the NBC television series Dr. Kildare (1961\u20131966). Today, he is most often seen in the film Arsenic and Old Lace (1944), in his role as the malevolent Jonathan Brewster, who looks like Boris Karloff, and violently attacks anyone who mentions the resemblance.", "Q217831": "Greenock ( (listen); Scottish Gaelic: Grianaig, pronounced [\u02c8k\u027e\u02b2i\u0259n\u025bk\u02b2]) is a town and administrative centre in the Inverclyde council area in Scotland and a former burgh within the historic county of Renfrewshire, located in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. It forms part of a contiguous urban area with Gourock to the west and Port Glasgow to the east.\nThe 2011 UK Census showed that Greenock had a population of 44,248, a decrease from the 46,861 recorded in the 2001 UK Census. It lies on the south bank of the Clyde at the \"Tail of the Bank\" where the River Clyde expands into the Firth of Clyde.", "Q398": "Bahrain ( (listen); Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u200e al-Ba\u1e25rayn Arabic pronunciation: [al ba\u0127rajn] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain (Arabic: \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u200e Mamlakat al-Ba\u1e25rayn), is a sovereign state in the Persian Gulf. The island nation comprises a small archipelago made up of 33 natural islands and an additional 51 artificial islands, centered around Bahrain Island which makes up around 83 percent of the country's landmass. The country is situated between the Qatar peninsula and the north eastern coast of Saudi Arabia, to which it is connected by the 25-kilometre (16 mi) King Fahd Causeway. According to the most recent 2010 census, Bahrain's population is over 1.2 million, of which around half are non-nationals. At 780 square kilometres (300 sq mi) in size, it is the third-smallest nation in Asia after the Maldives and Singapore. The capital and largest city is Manama.\nBahrain is the site of the ancient Dilmun civilization. It has been famed since antiquity for its pearl fisheries, which were considered the best in the world into the 19th century. Bahrain was one of the earliest areas to convert to Islam, in 628 AD. Following a period of Arab rule, Bahrain was ruled by the Portuguese Empire from 1521 until 1602, following the conquest by Shah Abbas I of the Safavid dynasty under the Persian Empire. In 1783, the Bani Utbah clan captured Bahrain from Nasr Al-Madhkur and it has since been ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family, with Ahmed al Fateh as Bahrain's first hakim.\nIn the late 1800s, following successive treaties with the British, Bahrain became a protectorate of the United Kingdom. In 1971, it declared independence. Formerly an emirate, it was declared an Islamic constitutional monarchy in 2002. In 2011, the country experienced protests inspired by the regional Arab Spring. Bahrain's ruling al-Khalifa royal family has been accused and criticized for human rights abuses, including imprisonment, torture and execution of dissidents, political opposition figures and its majority Shia Muslim population.Bahrain developed the first post-oil economy in the Persian Gulf, the result of decades of investing in the banking and tourism sectors; many of the world's largest financial institutions have a presence in the country's capital. It subsequently has a high Human Development Index and is recognised by the World Bank as a high-income economy. Bahrain is a member of the United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, Arab League, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Gulf Cooperation Council.", "Q817749": "Benjamin Wilson (June 21, 1721 \u2013 June 6, 1788) was a British painter, printmaker and scientist (natural philosopher).", "Q47088": "Carl David af Wirs\u00e9n (9 December 1842 \u2013 12 June 1912) was a Swedish poet, literary critic and the Swedish Academy's permanent secretary 1884\u20131912.", "Q955208": "Teodoro Cottrau (7 December 1827, in Naples \u2013 30 March 1879, in Naples) was an Italian composer, lyricist, publisher, journalist and politician. He specialised in \"folksy\" Neapolitan songs.His arrangement of Santa Lucia was published in 1850 and recorded among others by Enrico Caruso and Elvis Presley.French composer and musicologist Guillaume Louis Cottrau was his father.", "Q322120": "Malcolm Sayer (21 May 1916 \u2013 22 April 1970) was an aircraft engineer during wartime and later automotive aerodynamist. His most notable aerodynamic work being partly responsible for the engineering body development of the E-Type Jaguar and early style guidelines for Jaguar XJS. He spent the last twenty years of his life working at Jaguar Cars and was one of the first engineers to apply principles of aircraft streamline aero function to cars.", "Q2254085": "Riccardo Garrone (23 January 1936 \u2013 21 January 2013) was an Italian entrepreneur. He was the owner of Serie A association football club U.C. Sampdoria, and honorary chairman and CEO of Italian oil firm ERG.\nGarrone was born in Genoa, and joined his family's firm of ERG before going into the business of football club ownership. He completed the takeover of UC Sampdoria from Enrico Mantovani in 2002, leading the one-time scudetto winners back into Serie A and European competitions thanks to his investments in the club.", "Q78278": "Karl Heinrich Franz von Gareis (24 April 1844 in Bamberg \u2013 15 January 1923 in Munich) was a German legal scholar and Old Catholic writer.\nHe studied law at the universities of Munich, Heidelberg and W\u00fcrzburg, obtaining his habilitation for private law at W\u00fcrzburg in 1870. In 1873 he became a law professor at the University of Bern, specializing in private law. Later on, he served as professor at the universities of Giessen (from 1875), K\u00f6nigsberg (from 1888) and Munich (from 1902). From 1878 to 1881 he was a member of the National Liberal Party in the German Reichstag.Since 2009 the \"Carl-Gareis-Preis\" is awarded by the University of Bayreuth Faculty of Law and Economics for outstanding dissertations in the field of legal history or intellectual property.", "Q719341": "Ronald Lee Ridenhour (April 6, 1946 \u2013 May 10, 1998), was a young GI who served in the 11th Infantry Brigade during the Vietnam War, and played a central role in spurring the investigation of the My Lai Massacre.", "Q92879": "Anthony Michael Fadell (born March 22, 1969) is an American engineer, innovator, designer, entrepreneur, founder, coach, and active investor. The \"father of the iPod\", he joined Apple Inc. in 2001, served as the Senior Vice President of the iPod division at Apple Inc. and oversaw all iPod hardware, software, and accessories development and iPhone hardware, firmware, and accessories development from March 2006 to November 2008. He is also a co-creator of the iPhone, working on the first three generations of the iPhone. In May 2010, he co-founded Nest Labs, which announced its first product, the Nest Learning Thermostat, in October 2011. Nest was acquired by Google in January 2014 for $3.2B. He resigned from Google in June 2016. Fadell is the Principal at Future Shape, a global investment and advisory firm coaching 200+ startups working on foundational deep technology.", "Q680004": "Legal history or the history of law is the study of how law has evolved and why it changed. Legal history is closely connected to the development of civilisations and is set in the wider context of social history. Among certain jurists and historians of legal process, it has been seen as the recording of the evolution of laws and the technical explanation of how these laws have evolved with the view of better understanding the origins of various legal concepts; some consider it a branch of intellectual history. Twentieth century historians have viewed legal history in a more contextualised manner more in line with the thinking of social historians. They have looked at legal institutions as complex systems of rules, players and symbols and have seen these elements interact with society to change, adapt, resist or promote certain aspects of civil society. Such legal historians have tended to analyse case histories from the parameters of social science inquiry, using statistical methods, analysing class distinctions among litigants, petitioners and other players in various legal processes. By analysing case outcomes, transaction costs, number of settled cases they have begun an analysis of legal institutions, practices, procedures and briefs that give us a more complex picture of law and society than the study of jurisprudence, case law and civil codes can achieve.\n\n", "Q270672": "Joan Chen (born April 26, 1961) is a Chinese American actress, film director, screenwriter, and film producer. In China she performed in the 1979 film Little Flower (\"\u5c0f\u82b1\") and came to the attention of western audiences for her performance in the 1987 film The Last Emperor. She is also known for her roles in Twin Peaks, Red Rose, White Rose, Saving Face, and The Home Song Stories, and for directing the feature film Xiu Xiu: The Sent Down Girl.", "Q934184": "Jose Llad\u00f3 Fernandez-Urrutia (Madrid, 1934), is a politician and Spanish businessman.\nSon of the President of the Bank Urquijo - Juan Llad\u00f3 Sanchez - and grandson of the republican deputy Jose Llad\u00f3 Vall\u00e9s, he took a doctor's degree in Chemical Sciences at the University of Madrid. He is a Member of Honor of the American Chemical Society. He was executive President of the CSIC. In addition, he was appointed in 1976 Minister of Commerce and then, in 1977 Minister of Transport and Communications. Later, in 1979 he was Ambassador of Spain in the United States. He was the first President of the Royal Patronage of the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sof\u00eda.\nHe is the President of the INCIPE Foundation, President of the Jury of the Arts Award of the Prince of Asturias Awards since 1991 and President of the Xavier Zubiri Foundation.\nHe has been a member of the Board of the Trustees of important Spanish companies, and he is President - Founder and principal shareholder of Tecnicas Reunidas.", "Q122832": "Lawrence Henry Smith (September 15, 1892 \u2013 January 22, 1958) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.Born in Racine, Wisconsin, Smith attended the public schools and Milwaukee State Teachers College. He graduated from the Marquette University Law School, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1923. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced the practice of law in Racine, Wisconsin.\nDuring the First World War he served as a first lieutenant of Infantry, Thirty-second Division from 1917 to 1919.\nSmith was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Stephen Bolles. He represented Wisconsin's 1st congressional district.\nHe was reelected to the Seventy-eighth and to the seven succeeding Congresses and served from August 29, 1941, until his death in the United States Capitol, Washington, D.C., January 22, 1958, when he collapsed in the House restaurant during a heart attack.\nHe was interred in West Lawn Memorial Park, Racine, Wisconsin.", "Q4866219": "Basant Kumar Birla (12 January 1921 \u2013 3 July 2019) was an Indian businessman of the Birla family. He was chairman of the Krishnarpan Charity Trust, BK Birla Institute of Engineering & Technology (BKBIET) and various educational trusts and institutes.", "Q2910773": "Shimon Even (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05d1\u05df\u200e; June 15, 1935 \u2013 May 1, 2004) was an Israeli computer science researcher. His main topics of interest included algorithms, graph theory and cryptography. He was a member of the Computer Science Department at the Technion since 1974. Shimon Even was the PhD advisor of Oded Goldreich, a prominent cryptographer.\n\n", "Q70142": "Menahem Pressler (born 16 December 1923, Magdeburg) is a German-born Israeli-American pianist.\nFollowing Kristallnacht, Pressler and his immediate family fled Nazi Germany in 1939, initially to Italy, and then to Palestine. His grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins all died in concentration camps. His career was launched after he won first prize at the Debussy International Piano Competition in San Francisco in 1946. His Carnegie Hall debut subsequently followed, with the Philadelphia Orchestra conducted by Eugene Ormandy.\n\nSince 1955, Pressler has taught on the piano faculty at the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music, where he holds the rank of Distinguished Professor of Music as the Charles Webb Chair. His debut as a chamber musician was at the 1955 Berkshire Festival, where he appeared as the pianist of the Beaux Arts Trio, with Daniel Guilet, violin, and Bernard Greenhouse, cello. Although he was a junior partner in the Beaux Arts Trio at the outset, Pressler was the only original member of the trio to perform with the group through its entire existence, including several changes of membership, up to the dissolution of the trio in 2008. In 2010, he played at the Rheingau Musik Festival with Ant\u00f4nio Meneses, the last cellist of the Beaux Arts Trio, and appeared before in the series Rendezvous.Pressler returned to Germany in 2008 on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of Kristallnacht. In January 2014, aged 90, he made his debut with the Berlin Philharmonic. His performance with the Berlin Philharmonic and Sir Simon Rattle at their 2014 New Year's Eve Concert was televised live all over the world.\nThe Beaux Arts Trio made an extensive series of recordings for Philips. In addition, Pressler has recorded solo piano music commercially on the La Dolce Volta label and Deutsche Grammophon in 2018 a recording of French music dedicated to his constant companion Annabelle Whitestone Lady Weidenfeld (Deutsche Grammophon.com) Already at the beginning of the 1950s he had recorded a substantial quantity of solo piano music and for piano and orchestra of various composers for the US label MGM.", "Q2533251": "Spitfire Records was a subsidiary of Eagle Rock Entertainment located in New York City, United States.In September 1998, Paul Bibeau founded, launched and rapidly developed Spitfire Records Inc. from a two-man operation located in his home bedroom in suburban Long Island, New York, to one of the premier independent record labels worldwide. The label experienced consistent growth from start-up, Mr. Bibeau successfully negotiated a partnership with Eagle Rock Entertainment (Eagle Vision), a London, England-based audio and visual company.", "Q322646": "The Avengers are a fictional team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The team made its debut in The Avengers #1 (cover-dated Sept. 1963), created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist/co-plotter Jack Kirby. The Avengers is Lee and Kirby's renovation of a previous superhero team, All-Winners Squad, who appeared in comic books series published by Marvel Comics' predecessor Timely Comics.\nLabeled \"Earth's Mightiest Heroes\", the Avengers originally consisted of Ant-Man, the Hulk, Iron Man, Thor, and the Wasp. Ant-Man had become Giant-Man by issue #2. The original Captain America was discovered trapped in ice in issue #4, and joined the group after they revived him. A rotating roster became a hallmark of the series, although one theme remained consistent: the Avengers fight \"the foes no single superhero can withstand.\" The team, famous for its battle cry of \"Avengers Assemble!\", has featured humans, mutants, Inhumans, androids, aliens, supernatural beings, and even former villains.\nThe Avengers have appeared in a wide variety of media outside of comic books, including several different animated television series and direct-to-video films. The Avengers also play a central role in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) being the focus in multiple MCU feature films, beginning with the eponymous 2012 live-action film, The Avengers, and followed by the sequels, Age of Ultron (2015), Infinity War (2018), and Endgame (2019), which were based on The Infinity Gauntlet storyline. The Avengers also featured in Captain America: Civil War (2016) drawing loosely from the 2006 comics storyline \"Civil War\".", "Q39224": "Steven Adam Markowitz (born August 19, 1988), better known by his stage name Hoodie Allen, is an American rapper, singer and songwriter from Plainview, New York. After graduating from the University of Pennsylvania, he began working at Google before ultimately quitting to pursue a music career full-time. In 2012, he released his first official EP titled All American which debuted at No. 10 on the Billboard 200. In October 2014, Hoodie officially released his debut studio album, People Keep Talking which was successful with first week sales of over 30,000 along with a debut position of No. 8 on the Billboard 200. Hoodie followed up on his success in January 2016 and released his second studio album, Happy Camper.", "Q230530": "Aahoo Jahansouz \"Sarah\" Shahi (Persian: \u0622\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u200e; born January 10, 1980) is an American television actress and former NFL Cheerleader of Iranian and Spanish ancestry. She played Carmen on The L Word in 2008, Kate Reed in the USA Network legal drama Fairly Legal in 2011\u201312, and also starred as Sameen Shaw on the CBS crime drama Person of Interest. She has also appeared as the main female role Det. Dani Reese in Life, and in a supporting role in Alias. In 2018, she starred in the series Reverie.\nIn 2019, she appeared in a few episodes of City on a Hill on Showtime.", "Q710365": "Dirk Donker Curtius (19 October 1792 in Den Bosch \u2013 17 July 1864 in Spa) was a Dutch politician.", "Q334024": "Elizabeth Lynne (born 22 January 1948) is a British politician, and was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the West Midlands for the Liberal Democrats from the 1999 European election until she retired in 2012. Previously she had been elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Rochdale at the 1992 general election but was defeated at the 1997 general election.", "Q810998": "Battle Creek is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan, in northwest Calhoun County, at the confluence of the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek rivers. It is the principal city of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which encompasses all of Calhoun County. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 52,347, while the MSA's population was 136,146.", "Q190058": "Marguerite de Navarre (French: Marguerite d'Angoul\u00eame, Marguerite d'Alen\u00e7on; 11 April 1492 \u2013 21 December 1549), also known as Marguerite of Angoul\u00eame and Margaret of Navarre, was the princess of France, Queen of Navarre, and Duchess of Alen\u00e7on and Berry. She was married to Henry II of Navarre. Her brother became King of France, as Francis I, and the two siblings were responsible for the celebrated intellectual and cultural court and salons of their day in France.\nMarguerite is the ancestress of the Bourbon kings of France, being the mother of Jeanne d'Albret, whose son, Henry of Navarre, succeeded as Henry IV of France, the first Bourbon king.\nAs an author and a patron of humanists and reformers, she was an outstanding figure of the French Renaissance. Samuel Putnam called her \"The First Modern Woman\".", "Q58816": "Arthur Scherbius (30 October 1878 \u2013 13 May 1929) was a German electrical engineer, inventor and pioneer who invented the famous mechanical cipher Enigma machine. He patented the invention, and later sold the machine under the brand name Enigma.\nScherbius offered unequaled opportunities and showed the importance of cryptography to military and civil intelligence.", "Q1629087": "Lawrence Robert O'Brien (born July 19, 1949) is a Canadian businessman and politician. O'Brien served as the 58th mayor of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada from 2006 until 2010. O'Brien was the founder and former Chair and CEO of Calian Technologies Ltd.\nO'Brien attended Elmdale Public School and Fisher Park High School, and graduated from Merivale High School in 1968. He studied at Algonquin College and graduated with a diploma in Technology in 1972. After graduating, O'Brien worked in the high technology sector, where he met Terry Matthews and Michael Cowpland. He then joined Microsystems International Ltd. In 1975 he worked for the Communications Research Centre and Motorola Communications. O'Brien then launched his first company, Insta-Call Ltd., which went bankrupt in 1979. From then to 1982, he was the general manager of reliability-testing firm Reltek Inc. in Kanata, subsequently leaving to open Calian Technologies Ltd., a staffing (outsourcing) and engineering service provider.\nO'Brien left Calian as CEO and chairman in 2006 when he was elected mayor of Ottawa. He remained a director of the firm until stepping down in 2012. He ran for re-election in the Ottawa mayoral election in 2010 but was defeated by current mayor Jim Watson.\nO'Brien married Debbie Green in 1983. They had two sons, Michael and Matthew. In 1995, O'Brien and Green divorced. In 2008, O'Brien married real estate agent Colleen McBride.", "Q809211": "Bryan Bartlett Starr (January 9, 1934 \u2013 May 26, 2019) was a professional American football quarterback and coach. Starr played college football at the University of Alabama, and was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the 17th round of the 1956 NFL draft, where he played for them until 1971. Starr is the only quarterback in NFL history to lead a team to three consecutive league championships (1965\u20131967). Starr led his team to victories in the first two Super Bowls: I and II. As the Packers' head coach, he was less successful, compiling a 52\u201376\u20133 (.408) record from 1975 through 1983.\nStarr was named the Most Valuable Player of the first two Super Bowls and during his career earned four Pro Bowl selections. He won the league MVP award in 1966. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the Packers Hall of Fame in 1977. Starr has the highest postseason passer rating (104.8) of any quarterback in NFL history and a postseason record of 9\u20131. His career completion percentage of 57.4 was an NFL best when he retired in 1972. Starr also held the Packers' franchise record for games played (196) for 32 years, through the 2003 season.", "Q4402470": "The Asia University of Japan (\u4e9c\u7d30\u4e9c\u5927\u5b66, Ajia Daigaku) is a private university located in Musashino, Tokyo, Japan that offers courses in Business Administration, Economics, Law, International Relations and Urban Innovation.\nThe university was founded in 1941 by Kozo Ota as Koa Senmon Gakko (Koa Professional School) on the site of the present Asia University campus. Ota believed that education should be based on a spiritual closeness between teachers and students. It was a unique school at the time, as it accommodated all students in dormitories divided by course of study; Continental Asia, Southern Pacific Islands and Japan (\"Homeland\").\nIt shares its name with another university located in Taiwan.\nThe University produced an animated short, in 2015, to promote its Department of Urban Innovation.", "Q214486": "Procol Harum () is an English rock band formed in 1967. Their best-known recording is the 1967 hit single \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\", one of the few singles to have sold over 10 million copies. Although noted for their baroque and classical influence, Procol Harum's music is described as psychedelic rock and proto-prog\nIn 2018, the band was honoured by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame when \"A Whiter Shade of Pale\" was inducted into the brand-new Singles category.", "Q99092": "Rudi Mittig born 26 January 1925 in Liberec (Reichenberg), Czechoslovakia, died 28 August 1994 in Berlin, Germany.", "Q467633": "Mairead McGuinness (born 13 June 1959) is an Irish politician who has served as the First Vice-President of the European Parliament since 2017. She has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Ireland for the Midlands\u2013North-West constituency since July 2004. She is a member of Fine Gael, part of the European People's Party.\n\n", "Q63880": "Otto II. Freiherr von M\u00fcnchhausen (11 June 1716 \u2013 13 July 1774) was a German botanist. He was Chancellor of University of G\u00f6ttingen and a correspondent of Linnaeus. He named several species of oaks by the Linnean system, as well as other plants.\nThe standard botanical author abbreviation M\u00fcnchh. is applied to species he described.", "Q2850425": "Ann Veronica Janssens is a contemporary visual artist who works primarily in light. She was born in 1956 in Folkestone, England. She lives and works in Brussels, Belgium.", "Q2191407": "Mauricio Fern\u00e1ndez Garza (born April 2, 1950 in Monterrey) is a Mexican politician and businessman directly related to the Fern\u00e1ndez Ruiloba wealthy and prominent family; owners of PYOSA (Pigmentos Y Oxidos SA). He was the mayor of San Pedro Garza Garc\u00eda, former senator and current member of the board of Grupo Alfa, a Monterrey-based chemical, food and auto-parts producer. He is well known for his art contribution to Nuevo Le\u00f3n.\nFern\u00e1ndez Garza graduated with a bachelor's degree in Industrial Engineering from Purdue University (U.S.), specialized in economics at the Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n and received a master's degree in business administration from the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Studies.\nHe is the founder and president of Comercializadora de Puros, Uniser (Havana, Cuba), Artesanarte and the Museo del Ojo in Garc\u00eda, Nuevo Le\u00f3n. In June 2005 he sold one of his companies, Especialidades Cerveceras, S.A. (the makers of premium beer Casta) to Fomento Econ\u00f3mico Mexicano (FEMSA), world's second-largest Coca-Cola bottler. [1]\nFern\u00e1ndez ran for governor of Nuevo Le\u00f3n in 2003. He defeated former treasurer Fernando Elizondo in the National Action Party state primaries (56.5% vs. 20.8%) but lost the gubernatorial election against the candidate of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, Natividad Gonz\u00e1lez Par\u00e1s.\nHe ran for mayor of San Pedro Garza Garcia in 2009 and won the election. His administration began on October 31 of 2009. His successor to the mayorship of San Pedro Garza Garc\u00eda will be independent candidate Miguel Trevi\u00f1o .\n\n", "Q979084": "James Walter Castor (January 23, 1940[n1] \u2013 January 16, 2012) was an American funk, R&B, and soul musician. A multi-instrumentalist, he is credited with vocals, saxophone and composition. He is best known for songs such as \"It's Just Begun\", \"Bertha Butt Boogie\", and the biggest hit single, million-seller \"Troglodyte (Cave Man).\"\n\n", "Q185333": "Roger Mais (11 August 1905 \u2013 21 June 1955) was a Jamaican journalist, novelist, poet, and playwright. He was born to a middle-class family in Kingston, Jamaica. By 1951, he had won ten first prizes in West Indian literary competitions. His integral role in the development of political and cultural nationalism is evidenced in his being awarded the high honour of the Order of Jamaica in 1978.", "Q108771": "Marco B\u00fclow (born 14 June 1971) is a German politician and former member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).\n\n", "Q74324": "Heinz Galinski (28 November 1912 \u2013 19 July 1992) was president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany (Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland) from 1988 until his death in 1992.", "Q136847": "Anfisa Alexandrovna Chekhova (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0301\u0441\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0427\u0435\u0301\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430; born December 21, 1977, Moscow, USSR) is a Russian tele- and radio-presenter, singer, actress.\n\n", "Q3903340": "Piero Portaluppi (19 March 1888 \u2013 6 July 1967) was an Italian architect.", "Q222134": "Theodore John Kaczynski (; born May 22, 1942), also known as the Unabomber (), is an American domestic terrorist, anarchist, and former mathematics professor. He was a mathematics prodigy, but he abandoned his academic career in 1969 to pursue a more primitive lifestyle. Between 1978 and 1995, he killed three people and injured 23 others in an attempt to start a revolution by conducting a nationwide bombing campaign targeting people involved with modern technology. \nIn 1971, Kaczynski moved to a remote cabin without electricity or running water near Lincoln, Montana, where he lived as a recluse while learning survival skills in an attempt to become self-sufficient. He witnessed the destruction of the wilderness surrounding his cabin and concluded that living in nature was untenable; he began his bombing campaign in 1978. In 1995, he sent a letter to The New York Times and promised to \"desist from terrorism\" if the Times or The Washington Post published his essay Industrial Society and Its Future, in which he argued that his bombings were extreme but necessary to attract attention to the erosion of human freedom and dignity by modern technologies that require large-scale organization.\nKaczynski was the subject of the longest and most expensive investigation in the history of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Before his identity was known, the FBI used the case identifier UNABOM (University and Airline Bomber) to refer to his case, which resulted in the media naming him the \"Unabomber\". The FBI and Attorney General Janet Reno pushed for the publication of Industrial Society and Its Future, which led to a tip from Kaczynski's brother David, who recognized the writing style.\nAfter his arrest in 1996, Kaczynski tried unsuccessfully to dismiss his court-appointed lawyers because they wanted him to plead insanity in order to avoid the death penalty, whereas he did not believe that he was insane. In 1998, a plea bargain was reached under which he pleaded guilty to all charges and was sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole.", "Q15902": "Amy Elizabeth Macdonald (born 25 August 1987) is a British singer-songwriter, guitarist, and musician. She has sold over 12 million records worldwide. Macdonald released her debut album This Is the Life in 2007. The singles \"Mr. Rock & Roll\" and \"This Is the Life\" from it were chart hits. The latter charted at number one in six countries, while reaching the top 10 in another 11 countries. The album reached number one in four European countries \u2013 the United Kingdom, Denmark, the Netherlands and Switzerland \u2013 and sold three million copies worldwide. Moderate success in the American music market followed in 2008. She was a guest on shows such as The Ellen DeGeneres Show and The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson, where she performed two singles from the album, and This Is the Life reached number 92 on the Billboard 200.\nMacdonald's second album, A Curious Thing, was released on 8 March 2010. Its lead single \"Don't Tell Me That It's Over\" was released in March 2010; it peaked at number 45 on the UK Singles Chart, and also went on to perform well in other European countries. Five singles have since been released from A Curious Thing. Macdonald is one of the artists who appeared with Ray Davies on his 2010 album See My Friends; she sang with him on a cover of The Kinks' 60s hit \"Dead End Street\". Her third album, Life in a Beautiful Light, was released on 11 June 2012. It supplied three singles: \"Slow It Down\", which became a number 45 hit on the UK Singles Chart; \"Pride\", and \"4th of July\".\nOn 17 February 2017, Macdonald released her fourth studio album, Under Stars, which entered at number two on the Scottish and UK Album Charts. It also peaked within the top 10 of the album charts in Germany and New Zealand.\n\n", "Q126498": "Goce Smilevski (born 1975) is a Macedonian writer. He was born in Skopje. He studied at the Sts Kiril and Metodij University in Skopje, at Charles University in Prague and at the Central European University in Budapest. Two of his novels have been translated into English: Conversation with Spinoza which won the Macedonian Novel of the Year Award in 2003, and Freud's Sister, which won the EU Prize for Literature in 2010.", "Q272717": "Jeanne-Marie Lanvin (French: [\u0292an ma\u0281i l\u0251\u0303v\u025b\u0303]; 1 January 1867 \u2013 6 July 1946) was a French haute couture fashion designer. She founded the Lanvin fashion house and the beauty and perfume company Lanvin Parfums.", "Q106748": "Seyran Ate\u015f (born 20 April 1963) is a German lawyer and Muslim feminist. She founded the Ibn Ruschd-Goethe mosque in 2017, as Germany's first liberal place of worship for Muslims. Ate\u015f, a civil-rights activist, is best known for demanding equal rights for Muslim women and girls, views which have required her to have police protection.", "Q467627": "The Durrani Empire (Pashto: \u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u200e), also called the Sadozai Kingdom (\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0646\u064a), and Afghan Empire (\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0646\u064a), was founded and built by Ahmad Shah Durrani. At its maximum extent, the empire ruled over what are now the modern-day countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan, as well as parts of northeastern and southeastern Iran, eastern Turkmenistan, and northwestern India.After the death of Nader Shah in 1747, the region of Kandahar was claimed by Ahmad Shah Durrani. From there he began conquering Ghazni followed by Kabul. In 1749 the Mughal ruler had ceded sovereignty over much of north-west India to the Afghans. Ahmad Shah then set out westward to take possession of Herat, which was ruled by Shahrokh Shah. He next sent an army to subdue the areas north of the Hindu Kush and in short order all the different tribes began joining his cause. Ahmad Shah and his forces invaded India four times, taking control of Kashmir and the Punjab region. Early in 1757, he sacked Delhi, but permitted the Mughal dynasty to remain in nominal control as long as the ruler acknowledged Ahmad Shah's suzerainty over the Punjab, Sindh, and Kashmir.\nAfter the death of Ahmad Shah in about 1772, his son Timur Shah became the next ruler of the Durrani dynasty who decided to make Kabul the new capital of the empire, and used Peshawar as the winter capital. The Durrani Empire is considered the foundation of the modern state of Afghanistan, with Ahmad Shah Durrani being credited as \"Father of the Nation\".", "Q2861834": "Armand Deperdussin (1860 in Li\u00e8ge, Belgium \u2013 June 11, 1924 in Paris) was a French industrialist and aviation pioneer. Having established himself as a silk-broker, he became involved in the aviation industry in 1910 after witnessing the triumphs of aviator Louis Bl\u00e9riot, founding Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Production des A\u00e9roplanes Deperdussin.In 1912 he bought Champagne Airfield, and built 30 workshops and other buildings, founding one of the first flying schools.\nHe hired aircraft designer Louis B\u00e9chereau, who designed monohull aircraft whose streamlined shapes achieved previously unattainable performance. With dedicated staff and revolutionary technical advances, the company won many prizes, especially the international Gordon Bennett Trophy in France in 1912 with pilot Jules V\u00e9drines, who became the first pilot to fly over 100 mph [169.6 km/h (105.4 mph)], and again in 1913 with pilot Maurice Pr\u00e9vost, who flew 200.8 km/h (124.8 mph).\nThe company went bankrupt in August 1913, and Deperdussin was disgraced in 1913 when he was accused of obtaining bank loans by fraud and forgery. He was not brought to trial until 1917, and on March 30, 1917 he was convicted of embezzling 32 million francs from his company, fined 1,000 francs, and jailed for five yearsThe company was renamed the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Pour L'Aviation et ses D\u00e9riv\u00e9s (SPAD) when it was taken over by Bl\u00e9riot A\u00e9ronautique in 1914.\nDeperdussin committed suicide in 1924.", "Q253901": "Lawless is a 2012 American crime drama film directed by John Hillcoat. The screenplay by Australian singer-screenwriter Nick Cave is based on Matt Bondurant's historical novel The Wettest County in the World (2008). The film stars Shia LaBeouf, Tom Hardy, Gary Oldman, Mia Wasikowska, Jessica Chastain, Jason Clarke, and Guy Pearce.\nThe film is about the violent conflict between three bootlegging brothers\u2014Forrest (Hardy), Howard (Clarke), and Jack Bondurant (LaBeouf)\u2014and the ruthless Deputy Charley Rakes (Pearce) and his men, who try to shut down the brothers' Prohibition-era moonshine business after Forrest refuses to pay the cops off. The film was in development for about three years before being produced. It screened at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival and was theatrically released on August 29, 2012.", "Q300395": "A Dog's Breakfast is a Canadian comedy independent film produced in 2006. It was the first film to be written and directed by British-born Canadian actor David Hewlett, who is best known for his role of Dr. Rodney McKay in the TV franchise Stargate. Hewlett created the film as a private off-season project and stars alongside his real-life sister Kate Hewlett and Stargate actors Paul McGillion, Christopher Judge and Rachel Luttrell. The film was produced by John Lenic and Jane Loughman.\nDue to its strong affiliation with the Stargate franchise, the film generated considerable buzz within the Stargate fandom. It had several screenings in selected major towns in the US and the UK in late 2006 and 2007. MGM picked up worldwide television and home video rights to the film in early December 2006. The film was released on DVD on September 18, 2007 in The United States and Canada.", "Q89295": "Peter-Michael Diestel (born 14 February 1952, in Prora, Kreis R\u00fcgen) is a German lawyer and former politician. He was the last Interior Minister of East Germany, under Prime Minister Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re.", "Q137595": "Mumford is a 1999 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Lawrence Kasdan. It is set in a small town where a new psychologist (Loren Dean) gives offbeat advice to the neurotic residents. Both the psychologist and the town are named Mumford, a coincidence that eventually figures in the plot. The film co-stars Hope Davis, Jason Lee, Alfre Woodard, Mary McDonnell, Martin Short, David Paymer, Pruitt Taylor Vince, Ted Danson, and Zooey Deschanel in her film debut.", "Q64123": "Meiringen is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Besides the village of Meiringen, the municipality includes the settlements of Balm, Br\u00fcnigen, Eisenbolgen, Hausen, Prasti, Sand, Stein, Unterbach, Unterheidon, Wylerli and Zaun.\nMeiringen is famous for the nearby Reichenbach Falls, a spectacular waterfall that was the setting for the final showdown between Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's fictional detective Sherlock Holmes and his nemesis Professor Moriarty. The village is also known for its claim to have been the place where the meringue was first created.The municipal coat of arms shows a black eagle in a yellow field. (\"Or an Eagle displayed Sable crowned, beaked, langued and membered of the first.\")\nFormerly the coat of arms of the entire Oberhasli Talschaft, this design continues the imperial coat of arms.\n\n", "Q3093887": "Gabriel Naouri (born July 6, 1981) is a French CEO and entrepreneur. He was previously deputy head of international operations of Groupe Casino until July 2017. Since January 2019, he is the Chairman of Yandex.Market, one the leading e-commerce player in Russia.", "Q16828889": "Dappula III was King of Anuradhapura in the 9th century, whose reign lasted from 827 to 843. He succeeded his brother Aggabodhi VIII as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by his son Aggabodhi IX.", "Q100339": "Uwe Janson (born 6 November 1959, K\u00f6nigswinter) is a German screenwriter, director and producer. He has worked in Germany and the United Kingdom, including Business with Friends for the British Film Institute and the BBC (1991) and the British-German co-production The Sinking of the Laconia (2010; UK premiere 2011).", "Q308911": "Avianca S.A. (acronym in Spanish for Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A., \"Airways of the American Continent\") is a Colombian airline. It has been the flag carrier of Colombia since 5 December 1919, when it was initially registered under the name SCADTA. It is headquartered in Bogot\u00e1, D.C. with its main hub at El Dorado International Airport. Avianca is the flagship of a group of eight Latin American airlines, whose operations are combined to function as one airline using a codesharing system. Avianca is the largest airline in Colombia and second largest in Latin America, after LATAM of Chile. Avianca and its subsidiaries have the most extensive network of destinations in Latin America. Prior to the merger with TACA in 2010, it was wholly owned by Synergy Group S.A., a South American holding company established by Germ\u00e1n Efromovich and specialising in air transport. It is listed on the Colombia Stock Exchange.Through SCADTA, Avianca is the world's second oldest extant airline after KLM, and celebrated its 100th anniversary in December 5, 2019. It is the oldest airline in the Western Hemisphere. It became an official member of Star Alliance on 21 June 2012, after a process that lasted approximately 18 months from the initial announcement of its invitation to join the Alliance.", "Q232333": "Karen Blanche Black (n\u00e9e Ziegler; July 1, 1939 \u2013 August 8, 2013) was an American actress, screenwriter, singer, and songwriter. She rose to prominence for her work in various studio and independent films in the 1970s, frequently portraying eccentric and offbeat characters, and established herself as a figure of New Hollywood. Her career spanned over 50 years, and includes nearly 200 credits in both independent and mainstream films. Black received numerous accolades throughout her career, including two Golden Globe Awards, as well as an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.\nA native of suburban Chicago, Black studied theater at Northwestern University before dropping out and relocating to New York City. She performed on Broadway in 1965 before making her major film debut in Francis Ford Coppola's You're a Big Boy Now (1966). Black relocated to California and was cast as an acid-tripping prostitute in Dennis Hopper's road film Easy Rider (1969). This led to a lead in the drama Five Easy Pieces (1970), in which she played a hopeless waitress, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award and won a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress. Black made her first major commercial picture with the disaster film Airport 1975 (1974), and her subsequent appearance as Myrtle Wilson in The Great Gatsby (1974) won her a second Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress.\nBlack starred as a glamorous country singer in Robert Altman's ensemble musical drama Nashville (1975), also writing and performing two songs for the soundtrack, which won a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack. Her portrayal of an aspiring actress in John Schlesinger's drama The Day of the Locust (also 1975) earned her a third Golden Globe nomination, this time for Best Actress. She subsequently took on four roles in Dan Curtis' anthology horror film Trilogy of Terror (1975), followed by Curtis's supernatural horror feature, Burnt Offerings (1976). The same year, she starred as a con artist in Alfred Hitchcock's final film, Family Plot.\nIn 1982, Black starred as a trans woman in the Robert Altman-directed Broadway debut of Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean, a role she also reprised in Altman's subsequent film adaptation. She next starred in the comedy Can She Bake a Cherry Pie? (1983), followed by Tobe Hooper's remake of Invaders from Mars (1986). For much of the late 1980s and 1990s, Black starred in a variety of arthouse, independent, and horror films, as well as writing her own screenplays. She had a leading role as a villainous mother in Rob Zombie's House of 1000 Corpses (2003), which cemented her status as a cult horror icon. She continued to star in low-profile films throughout the early 2000s, as well as working as a playwright before her death from ampullary cancer in 2013.", "Q281847": "Lido Anthony \"Lee\" Iacocca ( EYE-\u0259-KOH-k\u0259; October 15, 1924 \u2013 July 2, 2019) was an American automobile executive best known for the development of Ford Mustang and Pinto cars, while at the Ford Motor Company in the 1960s, and for reviving the Chrysler Corporation as its CEO during the 1980s. He was president and CEO of Chrysler from 1978 and chairman from 1979, until his retirement at the end of 1992. He was one of the few executives to preside over the operations of two of the Big Three automakers.Iacocca authored or co-authored several books, including Iacocca: An Autobiography (with William Novak), and Where Have All the Leaders Gone? Portfolio Magazine named Iacocca the 18th-greatest American CEO of all time.", "Q545492": "Takis Hadjigeorgiou (Greek: \u03a4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03c4\u03b6\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5; born 11 December 1956) is a Cypriot politician and Member of the European Parliament for the Progressive Party of Working People, sitting with the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left group, on the European Parliament's Committee of Foreign Affairs.\nHe is also a member of the Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee and Delegation to the EU-Armenia, EU-Azerbaijan and EU-Georgia Parliamentary Cooperation Committees.\nBorn in Pano Akourdaleia, Paphos in 1956, Hadjigeorgiou completed his studies in law National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and journalism (Journalism Workshop) in Athens in 1980 and subsequently moved back to Cyprus. Upon returning to his home country, he worked as a freelance journalist and later produced and aired programs with the Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation. He became famous through his TV talk show \"\u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\" (Without Borders), which covered controversial issues touching upon the more difficult aspects of Cyprus history. Between 1995 and 2007 he served as the Managing Director of Radio Astra 92.8 in Cyprus.\nIn 1996 he was elected to the House of Representatives as a candidate of the left wing party, AKEL, for Nicosia and was re-elected in the parliamentary elections of 2001 and 2006. He was one of the three vice-presidents of the Executive Committee of the Cyprus Group to the Inter-Parliamentary Union.\nIn the House of Representatives, he served as a member of the House Standing Committee on Educational Affairs, of the House Standing Committee on European Affairs, of the House Standing Committee on Financial and Budgetary Affairs and of the House Standing Committee on Internal Affairs. He is also a member of the delegations of the House to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, to the Parliamentary Assembly on the Mediterranean and to the Conference of Community and European Affairs Committees (COSAC).\nAs an elected member of the European Parliament, to which he was elected on 6 June 2009 as a candidate for AKEL, Hadjigeorgiou serves on the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs and is a Vice-President of the European Left. He is also a substitute member of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy.\nHadjigeorgiou is a politician highly interested about the Cyprus problem. Over the years he held forward looking positions and supported strongly the struggle for a settlement. He writes extensively in newspapers and debates regularly on TV regarding the Cyprus problem.\nHadjigeorgiou serves in the Advisory Board of Cyprus Safer Internet Center CyberEthics.\nHadjigeorgiou is also a philosopher and writer. He has published two poetry collections (1987, 1999) and a book (2004), which includes interviews he conducted when working as a journalist.", "Q2925904": "Brock Pierce (born November 14, 1980) is an American entrepreneur known for his work in the cryptocurrency industry. As a child actor, he was in Disney films The Mighty Ducks (1992), D2: The Mighty Ducks (1994), and First Kid (1996).", "Q195134": "Black Top Records was a New Orleans, Louisiana-based independent record label founded in 1981 by brothers Nauman S. Scott, III and Hammond Scott. The label specialized in blues and R&B music. The first release was \"Talk To You By Hand\" by Anson Funderburgh & the Rockets. The artist roster included Earl King, Snooks Eaglin, Lee Rocker, Guitar Shorty, and Robert Ward, among others.", "Q122826": "Sebastian Schlemmer is a German actor and well known for his role of Sebastian von Lahnstein in the soap opera Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love).\nBefore his television career, Schlemmer appeared on several plays on the theater since 2000. He mostly was part of the theater scene in and around Cologne. Sebastian's most famous part was the role of Benjamin in the play adaption to The Graduate. He lasted on the play for two years, from 2007 to 2009.In 2003, Schlemmer started out in a commercial and being part of several short movies in the following two years. It was in 2007 when he first came in contact with Verbotene Liebe. Sebastian Schlemmer was cast in a minor recurring role as a character named Florian M\u00fcller. One year later, he was part of the casting show Bully sucht die starken M\u00e4nner for the role of Tjure. After guest roles on the action series 112 \u2013 Sie retten dein Leben and sketch comedy 4Singles, Schlemmer returned to Verbotene Liebe. He was recast in the role of Sebastian von Lahnstein, a part a took over from fan-favorite Joscha Kiefer, after he decided to leave the show after two years.\n\n", "Q4082": "Hattingen is a town in the northern part of the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.", "Q155476": "The Fast and the Furious is a 2001 crime action adventure film directed by Rob Cohen and written by Gary Scott Thompson and David Ayer. It is the first installment in the Fast & Furious franchise and stars Paul Walker, Vin Diesel, Michelle Rodriguez, Jordana Brewster, Rick Yune, Chad Lindberg, Johnny Strong, and Ted Levine. The Fast and the Furious follows Brian O'Conner (Walker), an undercover cop tasked with discovering the identities of a group of unknown automobile hijackers led by Dominic Toretto (Diesel).\nDevelopment for The Fast and the Furious arose after Cohen read a Vibe magazine article in 1998 titled \"Racer X\", which detailed the illegal street racing circuit operating within New York City. After contacting producer Neal H. Moritz, Moritz was able to present the script to Universal Studios, who greenlit The Fast and the Furious in 2000. Walker was the first actor to sign onto the project, while Diesel initially had to be persuaded to participate in the film, accepting after proposing several script changes.Principal photography began in Los Angeles in July 2000, with the majority of filming being done on location in Los Angeles and southern California, which ended in October 2000.The Fast and the Furious was released in the United States on June 22, 2001. The film was a commercial success, grossing over $200 million worldwide. It received mixed reviews, with praise for Walker and Diesel's performances, and the action sequences, but criticism aimed at the storyline and its ending. It was later re-released on June 22, 2016, to commemorate the film's fifteenth anniversary.The Fast and the Furious soon launched a media franchise and a series of seven sequels, starting with 2 Fast 2 Furious in 2003.", "Q3524410": "Ren\u00e9-Thierry Magon de La Villehuchet (23 April 1943 \u2013 22 December 2008) was a French aristocrat, money manager, and businessman. He was one of the founders of Access International Advisors (AIA Group), a company caught and subsumed in the Madoff investment scandal in 2008. He committed suicide after losing an estimated $1.4 billion in the Madoff scheme.\n\n", "Q191352": "Portishead are an English band formed in 1991 in Bristol. They are often considered one of the pioneers of trip hop music. The band is named after the nearby town of the same name, eight miles west of Bristol, along the coast. Portishead consists of Geoff Barrow, Beth Gibbons and Adrian Utley, while sometimes citing a fourth member, Dave McDonald, an engineer on their first records.Their debut album, Dummy, was met with critical acclaim in 1994. Two other studio albums have been issued: Portishead in 1997 and Third in 2008. In 1998, the band released a concert album called Roseland, NYC Live.", "Q706513": "Charles Stanley Dutton (born January 30, 1951) is an American actor, director and producer. He is best known for his roles in the television series Roc (1991\u20131994) and the television film The Piano Lesson (1995), the latter of which earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination. His other accolades include three Primetime Emmy Awards and three NAACP Image Awards.\nDutton has also appeared in many feature films such as Alien 3 (1992), Rudy (1993), A Time to Kill (1996) and Gothika (2003).", "Q333987": "Edwin Howard Armstrong (December 18, 1890 \u2013 February 1, 1954) was an American electrical engineer and inventor, who developed FM (frequency modulation) radio and the superheterodyne receiver system. He held 42 patents and received numerous awards, including the first Medal of Honor awarded by the Institute of Radio Engineers (now IEEE), the French Legion of Honor, the 1941 Franklin Medal and the 1942 Edison Medal. He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame and included in the International Telecommunication Union's roster of great inventors.\n\n", "Q145665": "The Manchu (Manchu: \u182e\u1820\u1828\u1835\u1860;\u2002M\u00f6llendorff: manju;\u2002Abkai: manju; simplified Chinese: \u6ee1\u65cf; traditional Chinese: \u6eff\u65cf; pinyin: M\u01cenz\u00fa; Wade\u2013Giles: Man3-tsu2) are an ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. They are sometimes called \"red-tasseled Manchus\", a reference to the ornamentation on traditional Manchu hats. The Later Jin (1616\u20131636), and Qing dynasty (1636\u20131912) were established and ruled by Manchus, who are descended from the Jurchen people who earlier established the Jin dynasty (1115\u20131234) in China.\nManchus form the largest branch of the Tungusic peoples and are distributed throughout China, forming the fourth largest ethnic group in the country. They can be found in 31 Chinese provincial regions. They also form the largest minority group in China without an autonomous region. Among them, Liaoning has the largest population and Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Beijing have over 100,000 Manchu residents. About half of the population live in Liaoning and one-fifth in Hebei. There are a number of Manchu autonomous counties in China, such as Xinbin, Xiuyan, Qinglong, Fengning, Yitong, Qingyuan, Weichang, Kuancheng, Benxi, Kuandian, Huanren, Fengcheng, Beizhen and over 300 Manchu towns and townships.", "Q69407": "Oberegg District is a district in the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in Switzerland. It comprises two small exclaves of the canton, a few miles northeast of the rest of Appenzell Innerrhoden.", "Q66734": "Klaus-J\u00fcrgen Wrede (born 1963 in Meschede, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German board game creator, the creator of the best-selling Carcassonne and Downfall of Pompeii.", "Q741658": "Ust\u0101d Mohammad Hussain Sar\u0101hang (Persian: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0622\u0647\u0646\u06af\u200e - Sar\u0101hang; 1924\u20131983) was an Afghan ghazal singer and an exponent of Indian classical music from Kabul, Afghanistan.", "Q3935": "Windhoek (, Afrikaans: [\u02c8v\u0259nt\u0266u\u02d0k], German: ['v\u026anth\u028ak]) is the capital and largest city of Namibia. It is located in central Namibia in the Khomas Highland plateau area, at around 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) above sea level, almost exactly at the country's geographical centre. The population of Windhoek in 2020 was 431,000 which is growing continually due to an influx from all over Namibia.\nThe city developed at the site of a permanent hot spring known to the indigenous pastoral communities. It developed rapidly after Jonker Afrikaner, Captain of the Orlam, settled here in 1840 and built a stone church for his community. In the decades following, multiple wars and armed hostilities resulted in the neglect and destruction of the new settlement. Windhoek was founded a second time in 1890 by Imperial German Army Major Curt von Fran\u00e7ois, when the territory was colonised by the German Empire.\nWindhoek is the social, economic, political, and cultural centre of the country. Nearly every Namibian national enterprise, governmental body, educational and cultural institution is headquartered there.\n\n", "Q258854": "Summer Joy Phoenix (n\u00e9e Bottom; born December 10, 1978) is an American actress, model and designer. She is the youngest sibling of actors/actresses River Phoenix, Rain Phoenix, Joaquin Phoenix, and Liberty Phoenix.", "Q292185": "Dorothy Michelle Provine (January 20, 1935 \u2013 April 25, 2010) was an American singer, dancer and actress. Born in 1935 in Deadwood, South Dakota, she grew up in Seattle, Washington, and was hired in 1958 by Warner Bros., after which she first starred in The Bonnie Parker Story and played many roles in TV series. During the 1960s, Provine starred in series such as The Alaskans and The Roaring 20's, and her major roles in movies included Good Neighbor Sam (1964), That Darn Cat! (1965), Kiss the Girls and Make Them Die (1966), Who's Minding the Mint? (1967), and Never a Dull Moment (1968). In 1968, Provine married the film and television director Robert Day and mostly retired. She died of emphysema on April 25, 2010 in Bremerton, Washington.", "Q76527": "Johann Ernst Gl\u00fcck (Latvian: Johans Ernsts Gliks; 10 November 1652 \u2013 5 May 1705) was a German translator and Lutheran theologian active in Livonia, which is now in Latvia.\nGl\u00fcck was born in Wettin as the son of a pastor. After attending the Latin school of Altenburg, he studied theology, rhetoric, philosophy, geometry, history, geography, and Latin at Wittenberg and Jena.\nGl\u00fcck is known for being the first one to translate the Bible into Latvian, a project which he finished in 1694. It was carried out in its entirety in Marienburg (Al\u016bksne) in Livonia, in the building which now houses the Ernst Gl\u00fcck Bible Museum, established to honour his work. He also founded the first Latvian language schools in Livonia in 1683. He died in Moscow.\nHe had four daughters, a son (Ernst Gottlieb Gl\u00fcck), and a foster-daughter Marta Skowro\u0144ska who married Peter I and is mainly known as Catherine I. From 1725 until 1727 she was empress of the Russian Empire.\n\n", "Q105527": "Jazz fusion (also known as fusion) is a music genre that developed in the late 1960s when musicians combined jazz harmony and improvisation with rock music, funk, and rhythm and blues. Electric guitars, amplifiers, and keyboards that were popular in rock and roll started to be used by jazz musicians, particularly those who had grown up listening to rock and roll.\nJazz fusion arrangements vary in complexity. Some employ groove-based vamps fixed to a single key or a single chord with a simple, repeated melody. Others use elaborate chord progressions, unconventional time signatures, or melodies with counter-melodies. These arrangements, whether simple or complex, typically include improvised sections that can vary in length, much like in other forms of jazz.\nAs with jazz, jazz fusion employs brass and woodwind instruments such as trumpet and saxophone, but other instruments often substitute for these. A jazz fusion band is less likely to use piano and double bass, and more likely to use electric guitar, synthesizers and bass guitar.\nThe term \"jazz rock\" is sometimes used as a synonym for \"jazz fusion\" and for music performed by late 1960s and 1970s-era rock bands that added jazz elements to their music. After a decade of popularity during the 1970s, fusion expanded its improvisatory and experimental approaches through the 1980s in parallel with the development of a radio-friendly style called smooth jazz\n. Experimentation continued in the 1990s and 2000s. Fusion albums, even those that are made by the same group or artist, may include a variety of musical styles. Rather than being a codified musical style, fusion can be viewed as a musical tradition or approach.", "Q3171816": "Jean Drucker (12 August 1941 \u2013 18 April 2003) was a French Television executive. He was born in Vire (Calvados) and died of a heart attack in Moll\u00e9g\u00e8s (Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne).", "Q699541": "Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor OM FRS HFRSE (7 March 1886 \u2013 27 June 1975) was a British physicist and mathematician, and a major figure in fluid dynamics and wave theory. His biographer and one-time student, George Batchelor, described him as \"one of the most notable scientists of this (the 20th) century\".\n\n", "Q76241": "Friedrich Ferdinand Alexander zu Dohna-Schlobitten (29 March 1771 \u2013 31 March 1831) was a Prussian politician.", "Q69361": "Stefan Mappus (born 4 April 1966) is a former German politician from the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He was the 8th Minister President of the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg 2010\u20132011 and chairman of the CDU Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg 2009\u20132011.After losing the 2011 Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg state election Mappus announced his resignation of the party chair. Currently, he is a Member of the Board of Advisors of the Global Panel Foundation, a respected NGO that works behind the scenes in crisis areas around the world.", "Q66052": "Pf\u00e4fers is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. The villages Pf\u00e4fers, St. Margrethenberg, Vadura, Valens, Vas\u00f6n and V\u00e4ttis belong to the municipality.", "Q500870": "Armand Andre Archerd (January 13, 1922 \u2013 September 8, 2009) was an American columnist for Variety for over fifty years before retiring his \"Just for Variety\" column in September 2005. In November 2005, Archerd began blogging for Variety and was working on a memoir when he died.", "Q188165": "Herb Bushler (born March 7, 1939, New York City) is an American jazz bassist. He plays both double bass and electric bass.\nBushler played piano and tuba in his youth before picking up double bass; he is classically trained in bass and has performed with symphony orchestras in this capacity. In 1966 he began a longtime association with ballet and film composer Coleridge-Taylor Perkinson. He worked extensively in jazz idioms in the 1960s and 1970s, including with David Amram, Ted Curson, Blossom Dearie, Tony Williams, and Paul Winter. He first played with Gil Evans in 1967, an association that would continue on and off until 1981. Other work in the 1970s included sessions with Enrico Rava, Joe Farrell, Ryo Kawasaki, David Sanborn, and Harold Vick. He played with The Fifth Dimension in the 1960s and has also worked with Dee Dee Bridgewater, Billy Harper, Les McCann, Enrico Rava, Joe Chambers, and Howard Johnson.", "Q219808": "ZMD: Zombies of Mass Destruction is a 2010 zombie comedy film directed by Kevin Hamedani and starring Janette Armand, Doug Fahl, and Cooper Hopkins.", "Q1685379": "Roy Palmer (April 2, 1892, New Orleans, Louisiana \u2013 December 22, 1963, Chicago, Illinois) was an American jazz trombonist.", "Q70630": "Ludwig Siebert (17 October 1874 in Ludwigshafen \u2013 1 November 1942 in Stock am Chiemsee) was a Nazi politician and Bavarian prime minister from 1933 to 1942.\n\n", "Q229713": "3faltig is a German comedy film directed by Harald Sicheritz. It was released in 2010.", "Q528124": "Loud is a record label founded by Steve Rifkind and Rich Isaacson in 1991.\nLoud is a hip hop label which has released material by acts such as Wu-Tang Clan, Big Punisher, Mobb Deep, Krayzie Bone, The Beatnuts, M.O.P., Tha Alkaholiks, Pete Rock, Lil' Flip, Three 6 Mafia, Project Pat, Xzibit, Twista, Dead Prez, The Dwellas and The X-Ecutioners. The label also released thrash metal band Megadeth's deluxe and remastered debut album Killing Is My Business... And Business Is Good! in 2002.\nThe label was originally distributed by Zoo. It was later distributed by RCA until 1999 when distribution moved over to Columbia.\nIn June 2007, Sony Music resurrected this label, after which Rifkind would buy it back, making it a subsidiary of SRC. His 1st act after re-gaining the label was, as he did 15 years earlier, signing the Wu-Tang Clan.On July 29, 2012, Steve Rifkind announced that he was leaving Universal on September 1, 2012..\nOn October 6, 2017, after the 2017 BET Hip Hop Awards cypher with 6lack, Tee Grizzley, Little Simz, Mysonne and Axel Leon went live, Axel Leon said that he had made a deal with Rifkind via Instagram. Making Axel Leon the first person to be signed to Loud after Rifkind left Universal.", "Q145103": "Zali Steggall (born 16 April 1974) is an Australian politician, lawyer and former Olympic athlete. She is Australia's most internationally successful alpine skier, winning a bronze medal in slalom at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, and a World Championship gold medal in 1999. In the Winter Olympics she is Australia's first individual medalist, first female medalist, and only medalist in alpine skiing. Steggall's Olympic career extended from Albertville in 1992 to Salt Lake City in 2002.\nShe was an independent candidate for Warringah at the 2019 Australian federal election and defeated the incumbent, former Prime Minister Tony Abbott.\n\n", "Q26476": "Sundsvall (Swedish: [\u02c8s\u0275\u0302n\u02d0(d)sval] (listen)) is a city and the seat of Sundsvall Municipality in V\u00e4sternorrland County, Sweden. It has a population of 51,354 as of 2010; more than 95,000 live in the municipal area.", "Q462039": "The University of Ingolstadt was founded in 1472 by Louis the Rich, the Duke of Bavaria at the time, and its first Chancellor was the Bishop of Eichst\u00e4tt. It consisted of five faculties: humanities, sciences, theology, law, and medicine, all of which were contained in the Hoheschule ('high school'). The university was modeled after the University of Vienna. Its chief goal was the propagation of the Christian faith. The university closed in May 1800, by order of the Prince-elector Maximilian IV (later Maximilian I, King of Bavaria).", "Q784504": "Alberto Jo\u00e3o Cardoso Gon\u00e7alves Jardim, GCC, GCIH (Portuguese pronunciation: [a\u026b\u02c8b\u025b\u027etu \u0292u\u02c8\u0250\u0303w\u0303 \u0292\u0250\u027e\u02c8d\u0129], born 4 February 1943) is a Portuguese politician who was the President of the Regional Government of Madeira, Portugal, from 1978 to 2015. He is a controversial political figure in Portugal.\n\n", "Q233993": "Barbara Bach, Lady Starkey (born Barbara Goldbach; August 28, 1946) is an American actress and model, best known for her role as the Bond girl Anya Amasova in The Spy Who Loved Me. She is the wife of English musician and former Beatles drummer Ringo Starr.", "Q1844": "Vaduz (; German pronunciation: [fa\u02c8d\u028at\u0361s] or [va\u02c8du\u02d0t\u0361s]) is the capital of Liechtenstein and also the seat of the national parliament. The town, which is located along the Rhine River, has 5,696 residents.Although Vaduz is the best-known town in the principality internationally, it is not the largest; neighbouring Schaan has a larger population.", "Q64645": "Matthias Schweigh\u00f6fer (German: [ma\u02c8ti\u02d0as \u02c8\u0283va\u026ak\u02cch\u00f8\u02d0f\u0250]; born 11 March 1981) is a German actor, voice actor, film director, and producer.", "Q438445": "Michael Stuhlbarg (; born July 5, 1968) is an American actor. He rose to prominence as troubled university professor Larry Gopnik in the 2009 dark comedy film A Serious Man, directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. Stuhlbarg has appeared in numerous films and television series portraying real life figures, such as George Yeaman in Lincoln (2012), Lew Wasserman in Hitchcock (2012), Andy Hertzfeld in Steve Jobs (2015), Edward G. Robinson in Trumbo (2015), Abe Rosenthal in The Post (2017), and Arnold Rothstein in HBO's Boardwalk Empire (2010\u20132013). Other notable supporting roles include Men in Black 3 (2012), Blue Jasmine (2013), Arrival (2016), and Doctor Strange (2016), as well as the third season of the anthology television series Fargo (2017). \nIn 2017, Stuhlbarg appeared in the critically acclaimed productions Call Me by Your Name, The Shape of Water, and The Post, all three of which were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. For Call Me By Your Name, Stuhlbarg received multiple film critics' award nominations in the supporting actor category. The following year, he appeared in the Hulu miniseries The Looming Tower, for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie. On-stage, Stuhlbarg has acted in numerous productions including the 2005 debut of The Pillowman on Broadway, for which he won a Drama Desk Award and received a Tony Award nomination.", "Q274400": "88 Minutes is a 2007 thriller film directed by Jon Avnet and starring Al Pacino, Alicia Witt, Leelee Sobieski, William Forsythe, Deborah Kara Unger, Amy Brenneman, Neal McDonough and Benjamin McKenzie. Filming began in the Vancouver area on October 8, 2005, and wrapped up in December 2005. In 2007 the film was released in various European countries.\nIn May 2007, Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions Group paid $6 million to acquire North American and select international distribution rights of 88 Minutes. The group released the film in the United States theatrically on April 18, 2008, through TriStar Pictures.", "Q101741": "Albert Buchmann (28 October 1894 \u2013 17 May 1975) was a German politician. He was a member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and was Reichstag deputy of the party from 1924 to 1933.", "Q4797809": "Arthur Goodhart Altschul (April 6, 1920 \u2013 March 17, 2002) was an American banker and a Goldman Sachs Group partner, and executive at his private family office, Overbrook Management Corporation, founded by his father.", "Q121491": "Tobias Bl\u00e4ttler, born 11 October 1981, in Lucerne, Switzerland, is a professional race car driver. As a Formula Three driver he is a two time vice-champion in this class in Switzerland 2003 and in Austria 2004.\nLike many successful race car drivers, he first got into racing in 1993 karting in Europe until 1999. Since 2000 he drove in the competitive Swiss Formula Three, where he became vice-champion in 2003. In 2004 he drove in the Austrian Formula Three and became vice-champion again. In 2005 he was a test-driver in the American Formula Atlantic Series, the European F3000 Series and he participated in the German Formula Three Recaro Trophy, where he held 4 Pole Positions and won 2 races (Assen and N\u00fcrburgring).\nSince 2007, he competed in several GT and Sportscar series races.", "Q2060398": "Pingdu (Chinese: \u5e73\u5ea6; pinyin: P\u00edngd\u00f9) is the largest county-level city of Qingdao sub-provincial city, Shandong Province, China.\nIt is located in the east of the Shandong Peninsula (Jiaodong Peninsula), the heart of peninsula. It borders on Yantai and Weifang, and it has an area of 3,166 km2 (1,222 sq mi) and a population of 1,360,000 people.", "Q75748": "Hans Tietmeyer (August 18, 1931 \u2013 December 27, 2016) was a German economist and regarded as one of the foremost experts on international financial matters. He was president of Deutsche Bundesbank from 1993 until 1999 and remained afterwards one of the most important figures in finance of the European Union.", "Q4204528": "The Faculty of History is one of the faculties of the Moscow State University. Established at 1934 on the base of the Historical-philological faculty of the university. The dean of the faculty was Sergey Karpov (since 1995 to 2018).", "Q330530": "Abraham Regelson (1896\u20131981; Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d1\u05e8\u05d4\u05dd \u05e8\u05d2\u05dc\u05e1\u05d5\u05df) was an Israeli Hebrew poet, author, children's author, translator, and editor.", "Q610365": "Lewis Wayne Williams (January 12, 1934 \u2013 September 1, 2019, born Chillicothe, Texas) was an American rockabilly singer and songwriter, known as the \"Cab Calloway of rockabilly\".\nWilliams began singing at age four, and moved with his family to Dallas at age eleven. He played in local clubs after graduating Adamson High School and entered Midwestern State University in 1952. However, a few months later he secured a job as a headliner for a radio program on Frederick, Oklahoma station KTAT.\nThe following year, Williams recorded demos at Jim Beck's recording studio and managed to get a single released on Flair Records in June 1953, but \"I've Been Doin' Some Slippin' Too\" was not a hit, and he did not release further material from these sessions. He sent some of the demos to Imperial Records, who offered him a publishing contract; Williams attempted to secure a recording contract as well but was unsuccessful initially. Imperial finally signed him as a recording artist in 1955, and his first releases came out in 1956. A few singles were issued in 1956 and 1957, with Jimmie Haskell producing and Barney Kessell on guitar; they did not sell and Williams was dropped early in 1957.\nHe graduated from the university in 1957 and devoted himself to songwriting full-time. He wrote material for Jimmy Hughes (with Mae Axton), Ferlin Husky, Floyd Cramer, Porter Wagoner, and Hoyt Johnson. After serving time in the Army, Williams took the pseudonym Vik Wayne for one final release on Dot Records, \"The Girl I Saw on Bandstand\"; when it did not sell, he opened a recording studio and started a talent agency. He left music for good in the early 1960s, moving into the publishing and mail order businesses.\nAfter Bear Family Records released some of his material in the 1990s, fed by the burgeoning interest in rockabilly in Europe and Japan, he made a comeback, appearing in Las Vegas in 2000 and touring widely thereafter.\nLew Williams died at age 85 on September 1, 2019 at an assisted living facility in Winnsboro, Texas.", "Q88835": "Marie Schanzer von B\u00fclow (1857\u20131941) was an Austrian-German stage and film actress. In July 1882, she married the pianist and conductor Hans von B\u00fclow.", "Q62234": "Geheimrat Julius Wilhelm Theodor Curtius (27 May 1857 \u2013 8 February 1928) was professor of Chemistry at Heidelberg University and elsewhere. He published the Curtius rearrangement in 1890/1894 and also discovered diazoacetic acid, hydrazine and hydrazoic acid.\n\n", "Q24261": "John George Reitci (February 26, 1922 \u2013 April 25, 1983) was an American writer of detective fiction who wrote under the name Jack Ritchie. Although he wrote one novel, he was primarily known for his vast output of short stories.", "Q3570727": "Xavier Leroy (born March 15, 1968) is a French computer scientist and programmer. He is best known for his role as a primary developer of the OCaml system. He is \nProfessor of software science at Coll\u00e8ge de France. Before his appointment at Coll\u00e8ge de France in 2018, he was senior scientist (directeur de recherche) at the French government research institution INRIA.\nLeroy was admitted to the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure in Paris in 1987, where he studied mathematics and computer science. From 1989 to 1992 he did his PhD in computer science under the supervision of G\u00e9rard Huet.\nHe is an internationally recognized expert on functional programming languages and compilers. In recent years, he has taken an interest in formal methods, formal proofs and certified compilation. He is the leader of the CompCert project that develops an optimizing compiler for C (programming language), formally verified in Coq.\nLeroy was also the original author of LinuxThreads, the most widely used threading package for Linux versions prior to 2.6. Linux 2.6 introduced NPTL, with much more extensive support from the kernel, to replace LinuxThreads.\nIn 2015 he was named a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery \"for contributions to safe, high-performance functional programming languages and compilers, and to compiler verification.\" He was awarded the 2016 Milner Award by the Royal Society", "Q1056391": "A head teacher, headmaster, headmistress, head, chancellor, principal or school director (sometimes another title is used) is the staff member of a school with the greatest responsibility for the management of the school.", "Q382369": "Mehdi Bazargan (Persian: \u0645\u0647\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u200e; 1 September 1907 \u2013 20 January 1995) was an Iranian scholar, academic, long-time pro-democracy activist and head of Iran's interim government, making him Iran's first prime minister after the Iranian Revolution of 1979. He resigned his position as prime minister in November 1979, in protest at the US Embassy takeover and as an acknowledgement of his government's failure in preventing it.He was the head of the first engineering department of University of Tehran. A well-respected religious intellectual, known for his honesty and expertise in the Islamic and secular sciences, he is credited with being one of the founders of the contemporary intellectual movement in Iran.", "Q81144": "Petar Toshev Mladenov (Bulgarian: \u041f\u0435\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u0422\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0432 \u041c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432; 22 August 1936 \u2013 31 May 2000) was a Bulgarian communist diplomat and politician. He was the last leader of the Bulgarian People's Republic from 1989 to 1990, and briefly the first President of the Bulgarian Republic in 1990.", "Q13419624": "Tyumen State University is a university in Tyumen, Russia. The University of Tyumen was the first university in Tyumen Oblast and was founded in 1930. Nowadays the UT consists of 12 institutes. The total number of students at the university is more than 27,000, including 1,900 international students. The total number of faculty is more than 2,000. \nToday the UT trains qualified specialists in 175 fields. The UT offers various forms of study: full-time, part-time, evening, distance education, master's degree, undergraduate education, graduate, doctorate, advanced training, and second degree. The University is one of the participants of the Project 5-100 \u2013 the program of improving international competitiveness of the Russian institutions of higher education among the world's leading research and education centers. Since 2013 Valery Falkov has been the rector of the UT.", "Q96438": "Johann Carl Kaiserling (February 3, 1869 - August 20, 1942) was a German pathologist who was a native of Kassel-Wehlheiden.\nHe studied medicine in Munich, Kiel and Berlin, earning his medical doctorate in 1893. In 1902 he became privatdozent at the University of Berlin, and from 1912 was a professor of general pathology and pathological anatomy at the University of K\u00f6nigsberg.\nHis name is associated with \"Kaiserling's fixative\", a means of preserving histologic and pathologic specimens without changing the natural color. This fixative is an aqueous solution of formalin, potassium nitrate and potassium acetate. Kaiserling is also known for his pioneer work in the field of photomicrography.", "Q12738": "The Republic and Canton of Neuch\u00e2tel (French: la R\u00e9publique et Canton de Neuch\u00e2tel, IPA: [k\u0251\u0303t\u0254\u0303 d\u0259 n\u00f8\u0283\u0251t\u025bl]) is a French-speaking canton in western Switzerland. In 2007, its population was 169,782, of whom 39,654 (or 23.4%) were foreigners. The capital is Neuch\u00e2tel.", "Q862329": "Bill Moody (September 27, 1941 \u2013 January 14, 2018) was an American writer of detective fiction and a professional jazz drummer.\n\n", "Q855585": "The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark or National Church, sometimes called Church of Denmark (Danish: Folkekirken, literally: \"the People's Church\" or unofficially Danish: Den danske folkekirke, literally: \"the Danish People's Church\"), is the established, state-supported church in Denmark. The reigning monarch is the supreme secular authority in the church. As of 1 January 2019, 74.7% of the population of Denmark are members, though membership is voluntary.Catholic Christianity was introduced to Denmark in the 9th century by Ansgar, Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen. In the 10th century, King Harald Bluetooth became a Catholic and began organizing the church, and by the 11th century, Christianity was largely accepted throughout the country. Since the Reformation in Denmark, the Church has been Evangelical Lutheran, while retaining much of its pre-Reformation liturgical traditions. \nThe 1849 Constitution of Denmark designated the church \"the Danish people's church\" and mandates that the state support it as such.The Church of Denmark continues to maintain the historical episcopate. Theological authority is vested in bishops: ten bishops in mainland Denmark and one in Greenland, each overseeing a diocese. There is no archbishop; the Bishop of Copenhagen acts as a primus inter pares.", "Q299985": "Josif Tati\u0107 (13 April 1946 \u2013 8 February 2013) was a Serbian film actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films from 1967 to 2011.", "Q35387": "Ariana Jollee (born September 29, 1982) is a former American pornographic actress and director.", "Q1603685": "Rutger Gunnarsson (12 February 1946 \u2013 30 April 2015) was a Swedish musician, bass guitarist, guitarist, arranger and producer. He was closely associated with the pop group ABBA.\n\n", "Q87535": "Nikolaus Gerbel (or Gerbellius) (c. 1485 \u2013 1560) was a German humanist, jurist and doctor of both laws.\nNikolaus Gerbel was part of a circle of literary men living in Strasbourg. He is notable for his friendship with Luther, his correspondence with Erasmus and Melanchthon and his support to Johann Reuchlin in the Pfefferkorn-Reuchlin Controversy.\nHe was born in Pforzheim in the Black Forest and studied at the University of Vienna (1502\u20131505), at the University of Cologne (1505\u20131506), at the University of T\u00fcbingen (1508\u20131512) and later at the University of Bologna. \nHe published several works in ancient Greek geography (Descriptio Graeciae) and Roman history.\nHe also published the complete edition of Johannes Cuspinian's, to which he added a not always reliable Life of Cuspinian (Commentationes Cusp., Strasburg, 1540).", "Q53002": "Fran\u00e7ois Roland Truffaut (UK: TROO-foh, TRUUF-oh, US: troo-FOH, French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa \u0281\u0254l\u0251\u0303 t\u0281yfo]; 6 February 1932 \u2013 21 October 1984) was a French film director, screenwriter, producer, actor, and film critic. He is widely regarded as one of the founders of the French New Wave. In a film career lasting over a quarter of a century, he remains an icon of the French film industry, having worked on over 25 films. Truffaut's film The 400 Blows came to be a defining film of the French New Wave movement, and was followed by four sequels, Antoine et Colette, Stolen Kisses, Bed and Board, and Love on the Run, between 1958 and 1979.\nTruffaut's 1973 film Day for Night earned him critical acclaim and several accolades, including the BAFTA Award for Best Film and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. His other notable films include Shoot the Piano Player (1960), Jules and Jim (1961), The Soft Skin (1964), The Wild Child (1970), Two English Girls (1971), The Last Metro (1980), and The Woman Next Door (1981).", "Q189290": "An officer is a member of an armed forces or uniformed service who holds a position of authority.\nIn its broadest sense, the term \"officer\" refers to commissioned officers, non-commissioned officers, and warrant officers. However, when used without further detail, the term almost always refers to only commissioned officers, the more senior portion of a force who derive their authority from a commission from the head of state.", "Q315773": "Jan Oskar Sverre Lucien Henri Guillou (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u0251\u02d0n \u0261\u026a\u02c8ju\u02d0], French: [\u0261iju]; born 17 January 1944) is a French-Swedish author and journalist. Among his books are a series of spy fiction novels about a spy named Carl Hamilton, and a trilogy(+) of historical fiction novels about a Knight Templar, Arn Magnusson. He is the owner of one of the largest publishing companies in Sweden, Piratf\u00f6rlaget (Pirate Publishing), together with his wife, publisher Ann-Marie Skarp, and Liza Marklund.\nGuillou's fame in Sweden was established during his time as an investigative journalist. In 1973, he and co-reporter Peter Bratt exposed a secret intelligence organization in Sweden, Informationsbyr\u00e5n (IB). He is still active within journalism as a column writer for the Swedish evening tabloid Aftonbladet.\nIn October 2009, the tabloid Expressen accused Guillou of having been active as an agent of the Soviet spy organization KGB between 1967 and 1972. Guillou confirmed he had a series of contacts with KGB representatives during this period, he also confirms having received payments from KGB, but maintains that his purpose was to collect information for his journalistic work. The accusation was based on documents released from the Swedish Security Service (S\u00e4po) and interviews with former KGB Colonel Oleg Gordievsky. In a later trial, Expressen denied having accused Guillou of having been a Soviet spy, claiming that this was a false interpretation of its headlines and reporting.", "Q1213661": "The Jacksons: An American Dream is a five-hour American miniseries broadcast in two halves on ABC and originally broadcast on November 15 through November 18, 1992. It is based upon the history of the Jackson family, one of the most successful musical families in show business, and the early and successful years of the popular Motown group The Jackson 5.\nThe miniseries was executive produced by Suzanne de Passe and Stan Marguiles, produced by Joyce Eliason, Jermaine Jackson and Margaret Maldonado and directed by Karen Arthur. The movie was filmed in Los Angeles and Pittsburgh, where director Arthur had previously filmed her feature film Lady Beware.\nThe Jacksons: An American Dream is based on Katherine Jackson's My Family autobiography. A critical and commercial success, the program won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Choreography. The title alludes to the iconic concept of the 'American Dream'.", "Q48344": "Recife (Brazilian Portuguese: [\u0281e\u02c8sifi] (listen)) is the fourth-largest urban area in Brazil with 4,054,866 inhabitants, the largest urban area of the North/Northeast Regions, and the capital and largest city of the state of Pernambuco in the northeast corner of South America. The population of the city proper was 1,625,583 in 2016. The first slave port in the Americas, Recife was founded in 1537, during the early Portuguese colonization of Brazil, as the main harbor of the Captaincy of Pernambuco, known for its large scale production of sugar cane. It was the former capital Mauritsstad of the 17th century colony of New Holland of Dutch Brazil, established by the Dutch West India Company. The city is located at the confluence of the Beberibe and Capibaribe rivers before they flow into the South Atlantic Ocean. It is a major port on the Atlantic. Its name is an allusion to the stone reefs that are present by the city's shores. The many rivers, small islands and over 50 bridges found in Recife city centre characterise its geography and led to the city being called the \"Brazilian Venice\". As of 2010, it is the capital city with the highest HDI in Northeast Brazil and second highest HDI in the entire North and Northeast Brazil (second only to Palmas).The Metropolitan Region of Recife is the main industrial zone of the State of Pernambuco; major products are those derived from cane (sugar and ethanol), motor vehicles, ships, oil platforms, electronics, software, and others. With fiscal incentives by the government, many industrial companies were started in the 1970s and 1980s. Recife has a tradition of being the most important commercial hub of the North/Northeastern region of Brazil, with more than 52,500 business enterprises in Recife plus 32,500 in the Metro Area, totaling more than 85,000.A combination of a large supply of labor and significant private investments turned Recife into Brazil's second largest medical hub (second only to S\u00e3o Paulo); modern hospitals with state-of-the-art equipment receive patients from several neighbouring States.Recife stands out as a major tourist attraction of the Northeast, both for its beaches and for its historic sites, dating back to both the Portuguese and the Dutch colonization of the region. The beach of Porto de Galinhas, 60 kilometers (37 mi) south of the city, has been repeatedly awarded the title of best beach in Brazil and has drawn many tourists. The Historic Centre of Olinda, 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) north of the city, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1982, and both cities' Brazilian Carnival are among the world's most famous.\nThe city is an education hub, and home to the Federal University of Pernambuco, the largest university in Pernambuco. Several Brazilian historical figures, such as the poet and abolitionist Castro Alves, moved to Recife for their studies. Recife and Natal are the only Brazilian cities with direct flights to the islands of Fernando de Noronha, a World Heritage Site.The city was one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Additionally, Recife hosted the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 1950 FIFA World Cup. The city, despite having a higher crime rate than the southern region of Brazil, is considered the safest state capital in northeastern region. It has a much lower crime rate than other regional capitals, such as Salvador or S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds. Despite that, crime rose 440% in 2015.", "Q442302": "Ola Ray (born August 26, 1960) is an American model and actress most notable for her role as the girlfriend of Michael Jackson in the short film Thriller.", "Q124502": "Andrea Prader (December 23, 1919 \u2013 June 3, 2001) was a Swiss scientist, physician, and pediatric endocrinologist. He co-discovered Prader\u2013Willi syndrome and created two physiological sex development scales, the Prader scale and the orchidometer.", "Q334965": "Charles Pierre P\u00e9guy (French: [\u0283a\u0281l pe\u0261i]; 7 January 1873 \u2013 5 September 1914) was a noted French poet, essayist, and editor. His two main philosophies were socialism and nationalism, but by 1908 at the latest, after years of uneasy agnosticism, he had become a believing but non-practicing Roman Catholic.\nFrom that time, Catholicism strongly influenced his works.", "Q95131": "Ostellato (Ferrarese: Ustl\u00e0) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Bologna and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Ferrara. \nOstellato borders the following municipalities: Comacchio, Ferrara, Fiscaglia, Lagosanto, Masi Torello, Portomaggiore, Tresigallo.", "Q59249": "Hachi: A Dog's Tale is a 2009 drama film that is a remake of the 1987 Japanese film Hachik\u014d Monogatari, which follows the true story of the Akita dog named Hachik\u014d. It was directed by Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m, written by Stephen P. Lindsey and Kaneto Shindo, and stars Richard Gere, Joan Allen and Sarah Roemer.\nHachi: A Dog's Tale premiered at the Seattle International Film Festival on June 13, 2009, and its first theatrical release was in Japan on August 8. Sony Pictures Entertainment decided to forgo a U.S. theatrical release. The film was given a UK theatrical release on March 12, 2010, courtesy of Entertainment Film Distributors, and opened in over 25 countries throughout 2009 and 2010. The film's foreign box office returns total $46.7 million as of January 2011.", "Q313302": "Henry Wilson (born Jeremiah Jones Colbath; February 16, 1812 \u2013 November 22, 1875) was the 18th vice president of the United States (1873\u201375) and a senator from Massachusetts (1855\u201373). Before and during the American Civil War, he was a leading Republican, and a strong opponent of slavery. Wilson devoted his energies to the destruction of the \"Slave Power\" \u2013 the faction of slave owners and their political allies which anti-slavery Americans saw as dominating the country.\nOriginally a Whig, Wilson was a founder of the Free Soil Party in 1848. He served as the party chairman before and during the 1852 presidential election. Wilson worked diligently to build an anti-slavery coalition, which came to include the Free Soil Party, anti-slavery Democrats, New York Barnburners, the Liberty Party, anti-slavery members of the Native American Party (Know Nothings), and anti-slavery Whigs (called Conscience Whigs). When the Free Soil party dissolved in the mid-1850s, Wilson joined the Republican Party, which he helped found, and which was organized largely in line with the anti-slavery coalition he had nurtured in the 1840s and 1850s.\nWhile a Senator during the Civil War, Wilson was considered a \"Radical Republican\", and his experience as a militia general, organizer and commander of a Union Army regiment, and chairman of the Senate military committees enabled him to assist the Abraham Lincoln administration in the organization and oversight of the Union Army and Union Navy. Wilson successfully authored bills that outlawed slavery in Washington, D.C., and incorporated African Americans in the Union Civil War effort in 1862.\nAfter the Civil War, he supported the Radical Republican program for Reconstruction. In 1872, Wilson was elected Vice President as the running mate of Ulysses S. Grant, the incumbent President of the United States, who was running for a second term. The Grant and Wilson ticket was successful, and Wilson served as Vice President from March 4, 1873, until his death on November 22, 1875. Wilson's effectiveness as Vice President was limited after he suffered a debilitating stroke in May 1873, and his health continued to decline until he was the victim of a fatal stroke while working in the United States Capitol in late 1875.\nThroughout his career, Wilson was known for championing causes that were at times unpopular, including workers' rights for both blacks and whites and the abolition of slavery. Massachusetts politician George F. Hoar, who served in the United States House of Representatives while Wilson was a Senator, and later served in the Senate himself, believed Wilson to be the most skilled political organizer in the country. However, Wilson's reputation for personal integrity and principled politics was somewhat damaged late in his Senate career by his involvement in the Cr\u00e9dit Mobilier scandal.\n\n", "Q981918": "Hussein Salem (11 November 1933 \u2013 12 August 2019) (Arabic: \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u200e) was an Egyptian-Spanish businessman, co-owner of the East Mediterranean Gas Company (EMG), and ally and advisor to former president Hosni Mubarak. He was also the chairman and CEO of HKS Group, a hospitality company that operates Maritim Jolie Ville Resort in Sharm El Sheikh. He was described as \"one of the most secretive businessmen in Egypt\", a mogul, and Mubarak's close confidant. He was known as the \"Father of Sharm El Sheikh\" due to his resort development activities.\n\n", "Q174335": "The \u00c9cole nationale de l'aviation civile (ENAC) (French Civil Aviation University) is one of the 205 colleges (as of September 2018) accredited to deliver engineering degrees in France.\nENAC is designated a Grande \u00e9cole by the Conf\u00e9rence des Grandes \u00c9coles (CGE), a non-profit organisation which certifies and monitors these Grandes \u00e9coles (colleges of engineering in France). ENAC was founded on August 28, 1949 to provide initial and continuing education in the field of civil aviation. This university is a \u00e9tablissement public \u00e0 caract\u00e8re scientifique, culturel et professionnel (French public scientific, cultural or professional establishment) and operates under the oversight of the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing. It is also member of the following apart from Conf\u00e9rence des Grandes \u00c9coles, University of Toulouse, Aerospace Valley and is one of the five founders of France AEROTECH.ENAC offers 30 engineering and technical programs in civil aviation/aeronautics. Some of the most notable ones include aerospace engineering, aircraft technicians, commercial airline pilots licenses, air traffic control, and flight instructors. The university also offers 3 masters of science programs and 12 Advanced masters degrees for students with relevant experience.", "Q229920": "Patricia Jude Francis Kensit (born 4 March 1968) is an English actress, singer, model, and former child star. She was lead singer of the band Eighth Wonder from 1983 to 1989. Between 2004 and 2006, Kensit played the role of Sadie King in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale. Following this, she played Faye Byrne in the BBC One medical drama Holby City from 2007 until 2010 and for an episode in 2019. Kensit has been married to musicians Dan Donovan, Jim Kerr, Liam Gallagher and Jeremy Healy.\n\n", "Q632891": "McMaster University (McMaster or Mac) is a public research university in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The main McMaster campus is on 121 hectares (300 acres) of land near the residential neighbourhoods of Ainslie Wood and Westdale, adjacent to the Royal Botanical Gardens. It operates six academic faculties: the DeGroote School of Business, Engineering, Health Sciences, Humanities, Social Science, and Science. It is a member of the U15, a group of research-intensive universities in Canada.The university bears the name of William McMaster, a prominent Canadian senator and banker who bequeathed C$900,000 to its founding. It was incorporated under the terms of an act of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1887, merging the Toronto Baptist College with Woodstock College. It opened in Toronto in 1890. Inadequate facilities and the gift of land in Hamilton prompted its relocation in 1930. The Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec controlled the university until it became a privately chartered, publicly funded non-denominational institution in 1957.\nMcMaster University has over 27,000 undergraduate and over 4,000 post-graduate students. Alumni and former students reside across Canada and in 139 countries. Its athletic teams are known as the Marauders, and are members of U Sports. Notable alumni include government officials, academics, business leaders, Rhodes Scholars, Gates Cambridge Scholars, and Nobel laureates.", "Q1763603": "Colonel Maurice James Buckmaster (11 January 1902 \u2013 17 April 1992) was the leader of the French section of Special Operations Executive and was awarded the Croix de Guerre.\nApart from his war service, he was a corporate manager with the French branch of the Ford Motor Company, in the postwar years serving in Dagenham. He wrote two memoirs about his service with the Resistance during World War II.\n\n", "Q51173": "Jeon Woo-chi: The Taoist Wizard (Korean: \uc804\uc6b0\uce58; also known as Woochi: The Demon Slayer, is a 2009 South Korean fantasy action film written and directed by Choi Dong-hoon who departs from his popular heist films Tazza: The High Rollers and The Big Swindle for this big-budget, special effects-filled action romp that was equally popular with the Korean audience, earning over six million admissions over the 2009 Christmas period. Based on a Korean folktale, it stars Gang Dong-won in the title role. The film became the 3rd best selling film of 2009 in Korea, with 6,100,532 tickets sold nationwide.", "Q84982": "Carl Giskra (29 January 1820, in M\u00e4hrisch-Tr\u00fcbau \u2013 1 June 1879, in Baden bei Wien) was a statesman of the Austrian Empire.", "Q5377": "Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.\nGolf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not utilize a standardized playing area, and coping with the varied terrains encountered on different courses is a key part of the game. The game at the usual level is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes, though recreational courses can be smaller, often having nine holes. Each hole on the course must contain a tee box to start from, and a putting green containing the actual hole or cup 4 1\u20444 inches (11 cm) in diameter. There are other standard forms of terrain in between, such as the fairway, rough (long grass), bunkers (or \"sand traps\"), and various hazards (water, rocks) but each hole on a course is unique in its specific layout and arrangement.\nGolf is played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known as stroke play, or the lowest score on the most individual holes in a complete round by an individual or team, known as match play. Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at all levels, but most especially at the elite level.\nThe modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland. The 18-hole round was created at the Old Course at St Andrews in 1764. Golf's first major, and the world's oldest tournament in existence, is The Open Championship, also known as the British Open, which was first played in 1860 in Ayrshire, Scotland. This is one of the four major championships in men's professional golf, the other three being played in the United States: The Masters, the U.S. Open, and the PGA Championship.", "Q313464": "Willard Herman Scott Jr. (born March 7, 1934) is an American weather presenter, author, television personality, actor, clown, comedian and radio personality, best known for his TV work on the Today show and as the creator and original portrayer of Ronald McDonald.", "Q266789": "Rebecca Lucile Schaeffer (November 6, 1967 \u2013 July 18, 1989) was an American model and actress. She began her career as a teen model before moving on to acting. In 1986, she landed the role of Patricia \"Patti\" Russell in the CBS comedy My Sister Sam. The series was canceled in 1988, and Schaeffer appeared in several films, including the black comedy Scenes from the Class Struggle in Beverly Hills. At the age of 21, Schaeffer was murdered by an obsessed fan who had been stalking her.", "Q841296": "P\u0159\u00edbram (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8pr\u031d\u030ai\u02d0bram]; German: Freiberg in B\u00f6hmen, Przibram or Pribram, in the time of the German occupation (1939\u20131945) Pibrans) is a city in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic with a population of 35,147. The city is located on the Litavka river and the foothills of the Brdy Range, 60 km (37 mi) south-west of Prague; the country's capital. The city is well known for its mining history and more recently its new venture into economic restructuring.\nThe city is the third largest in the Central Bohemian Region (behind Kladno and Mlad\u00e1 Boleslav) and is a natural administrative and cultural center of the south-western part of the region, although it also tends to be largely influenced by the economy and lifestyle of Prague.\nThe Svat\u00e1 Hora (\"Holy Mount\") pilgrimage site is located just above the city, while the Mining Museum P\u0159\u00edbram, including the communist labor camp Vojna memorial is another tourism attraction.", "Q134077": "Rachel Hannah Weisz ( VYSE; born 7 March 1970) is a British actress who became a U.S. citizen in 2011. She is the recipient of several accolades, including an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a British Academy Film Award.\nWeisz began acting in British stage and television in the early 1990s, and made her film debut in Death Machine (1994). She won a Critics' Circle Theatre Award for her role in the 1994 revival of No\u00ebl Coward's play Design for Living and she went on to appear in the 1999 Donmar Warehouse production of Tennessee Williams' drama Suddenly, Last Summer. Her film breakthrough came with her starring role as Evelyn Carnahan in the Hollywood action films The Mummy (1999) and The Mummy Returns (2001). Weisz went on to star in several films of the 2000s, including Enemy at the Gates (2001), About a Boy (2002), Constantine (2005), The Fountain (2006), and The Lovely Bones (2009).\nFor her performance as a murdered activist in the 2005 thriller The Constant Gardener, she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and for playing Blanche DuBois in a 2009 revival of A Streetcar Named Desire, she won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress. In the 2010s, Weisz continued to star in big-budget films such as the action film The Bourne Legacy (2012) and the fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful (2013), and garnered critical acclaim for her performances in the independent films The Deep Blue Sea (2011) and The Favourite (2018). For her portrayal of Sarah Churchill in the latter, she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and received a second Academy Award nomination.Weisz was engaged to filmmaker Darren Aronofsky from 2005 to 2010. She married actor Daniel Craig in 2011 and became a naturalised U.S. citizen the same year.\n\n", "Q837300": "The Pretty Reckless is an American rock band from New York City, formed in 2009. The band consists of Taylor Momsen (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Ben Phillips (lead guitar, backing vocals), Mark Damon (bass) and Jamie Perkins (drums).\nThe band released their debut studio album, Light Me Up, in August 2010. The album spawned three moderately successful singles, most notably \"Make Me Wanna Die\". The band released the Hit Me Like a Man EP in early 2012. In March 2014, the band released their second studio album, Going to Hell, which included the singles \"Heaven Knows\" and \"Messed Up World\" which topped the US and UK rock charts. The band's third studio album, Who You Selling For, was released on October 21, 2016 by Razor & Tie. The album spawned the single \"Take Me Down\", which earned the band their fourth number one on the US rock chart.", "Q2297757": "Tzadik Records is a record label in New York City that specializes in avant-garde and experimental music. The label was established by composer and saxophonist John Zorn in 1995. He is the executive producer of all Tzadik releases. Tzadik is a not-for-profit, cooperative record label.\nTzadik has released over 400 albums by a variety of artists with diverse musical backgrounds, including free improvisation, jazz, noise, klezmer, rock, and experimental composition.\nOn the label's catalogue are releases by Zorn himself and his multifaceted \"songbook\" group Masada; singer Mike Patton; guitarists Derek Bailey, Yoshihide Otomo, Tim Sparks, Buckethead and Keiji Haino; noise music icon Merzbow; composers Gordon Mumma, Frank Denyer, Arnold Dreyblatt, and Teiji Ito; experimental groups Kayo Dot, Time of Orchids and Rashanim, microtonalists Syzygys; drummer Tatsuya Yoshida and his bands Ruins and Korekyojinn; trumpeter Wadada Leo Smith; electroacoustic composer Noah Creshevsky; and jazz saxophonist Steve Coleman.", "Q327919": "Dirty Heroes (Italian: Dalle Ardenne all'inferno), is a 1967 Italian war film directed by Alberto De Martino and starring Frederick Stafford.", "Q3603942": "The Egyptian Military Academy (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u200e) is the oldest and most prominent military academy in Egypt and Africa. Traditionally, graduates of the Military Academy are commissioned as officers in the Egyptian Army. However, they may serve in other branches and commands of the Egyptian military establishment.\nThe Military Academy contains branches, which provide additional training and skills. It also features a prolonged study system so as to graduate more elite officers to serve in the army, such as the Branch of Military Arts and Thunderbolt School.\nThe Academy's current Director is Major General Ahraf Faris.", "Q483238": "JYP Entertainment Corporation (Korean: JYP \uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8) is a South Korean multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate founded in 1997 by J. Y. Park. It is one of the largest entertainment companies in South Korea, and operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management, concert production company and music publishing house. In addition, the company operates various subsidiary ventures and divisions worldwide.\nNotable artists include 2PM, JJ Project, Got7, Day6, Twice, Stray Kids, and Itzy. It has also handled Rain, g.o.d, Wonder Girls, 2AM, Miss A, 15&, and Baek A-yeon.", "Q308722": "James Joseph Gandolfini Jr. (Italian: [\u0261andol\u02c8fi\u02d0ni]; September 18, 1961 \u2013 June 19, 2013) was an American actor and producer, best known for his role as Tony Soprano, the Italian-American crime boss in HBO's television series The Sopranos, for which he won three Emmy Awards, three Screen Actors Guild Awards, and one Golden Globe Award. Gandolfini's performance as Tony Soprano is widely regarded as among the greatest performances in television history.His notable film roles include mob henchman Virgil in True Romance (1993), Lt. Bobby Dougherty in Crimson Tide (1995), Colonel Winter in The Last Castle (2001) and Mayor of New York in The Taking of Pelham 123 (2009). Other roles are enforcer and stuntman Bear in Get Shorty (1995) and impulsive \"Wild Thing\" Carol in Where the Wild Things Are (2009). For his performance as Albert in Enough Said (2013), Gandolfini posthumously received much critical praise and several accolades, including a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination and the Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor.\nIn 2007, Gandolfini produced Alive Day Memories: Home from Iraq, a documentary in which he interviewed injured Iraq War veterans and in 2010, Wartorn: 1861\u20132010 examining the impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on soldiers and families throughout several wars in U.S. history from 1861 to 2010.", "Q117876": "Pepperdine University is a private research university affiliated with the Churches of Christ and has its main campus near Malibu, California. Founded by entrepreneur George Pepperdine in South Los Angeles in 1937, the school expanded to Malibu in 1972. Courses are now taught at a main Malibu campus, six graduate campuses in southern California, a center in Washington, DC, and at international campuses in Argentina, China, England, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland.\nThe university is composed of one undergraduate school (Seaver College) and four graduate schools: the School of Law, the Graduate School of Education and Psychology, the Graziadio Business School, and the School of Public Policy.", "Q4244859": "Peter Mair (3 March 1951 \u2013 15 August 2011) was an Irish political scientist. He was professor of Comparative Politics at the European University Institute in Florence.", "Q440273": "Samantha Jane Barks (born 2 October 1990) is a Manx actress and singer who has performed on stage and screen as well as television. She rose to fame after coming in third in the BBC talent show-themed television series I'd Do Anything in 2008. In 2012, she starred alongside Jonathan Bailey in the Disney Channel series Groove High, and made her film debut as \u00c9ponine in the film version of the musical Les Mis\u00e9rables.Her performance in Les Mis\u00e9rables was widely acclaimed, and earned nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Motion Picture and the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Acting Ensemble, won the Empire Award for Best Female Newcomer and shared the National Board of Review Award for Best Cast.", "Q18398561": "Frozen Fever is a 2015 American computer-animated musical fantasy short film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is based on the 2013 feature film Frozen, and tells the story of Anna's birthday party given by Elsa with the help of Kristoff, Sven, and Olaf. Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee again served as the directors with Kristen Bell, Idina Menzel, Jonathan Groff, and Josh Gad reprising their roles from the first film.\nProduction on Frozen Fever began in June 2014 and took six months to complete. The film debuted in theaters alongside Walt Disney Pictures' Cinderella on March 13, 2015. It received positive reviews from critics, along with praise for its new song \"Making Today a Perfect Day\" by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez.", "Q744913": "An aviation accident is defined by the Convention on International Civil Aviation Annex 13 as an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft, which takes place from the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until all such persons have disembarked, and in which a) a person is fatally or seriously injured, b) the aircraft sustains significant damage or structural failure, or c) the aircraft goes missing or becomes completely inaccessible. Annex 13 defines an aviation incident as an occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft that affects or could affect the safety of operation.A hull loss occurs if an aircraft is destroyed, damaged beyond repair, lost, or becomes completely inaccessible.The first fatal aviation accident was the crash of a Rozi\u00e8re balloon near Wimereux, France, on June 15, 1785, killing the balloon's inventor, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Pil\u00e2tre de Rozier, and the other occupant, Pierre Romain. The first involving a powered aircraft was the crash of a Wright Model A aircraft at Fort Myer, Virginia, in the United States on September 17, 1908, injuring its co-inventor and pilot, Orville Wright, and killing the passenger, Signal Corps Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge.", "Q119683": "Peter Menacher (born 29 November 1939 in Augsburg, Germany) was the mayor of Augsburg, Germany for twelve years between 1990 and 2002. He was a member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.", "Q492321": "Jon Ferguson \"Jay\" Mohr (born August 23, 1970) is an American actor, comedian and radio host. He is known for his roles as film producer Peter Dragon in the TV comedy series Action, Professor Rick Payne in the TV series Ghost Whisperer (2006\u20132008), the title role in the CBS sitcom Gary Unmarried (2008\u20132010), as a featured cast member on the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live (1993\u20131995) and the back-stabbing sports agent Bob Sugar in Jerry Maguire (1996). Since making his feature film debut with Jerry Maguire, he has appeared in the films Suicide Kings (1997), Picture Perfect (1997), Paulie (1998), Mafia! (1998), Small Soldiers (1998), The Adventures of Pluto Nash (2002), Are We There Yet? (2005), The Groomsmen (2006), Street Kings (2008), Hereafter (2010) and The Incredible Burt Wonderstone (2013).\nMohr hosts his own podcast Mohr Stories on the SModcast Network and, since September 2015, hosted Jay Mohr Sports, a daily midday sports radio talk show on Fox Sports Radio. Mohr left Fox Sports Radio in January 2016 to pursue acting ventures. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award as the inaugural host and executive producer of Last Comic Standing (2003\u20132006).", "Q205560": "Trip hop (sometimes used synonymously with \"downtempo\") is a musical genre that originated in the early 1990s in the United Kingdom, especially Bristol. It has been described as \"a fusion of hip hop and electronica until neither genre is recognizable\", and may incorporate a variety of styles, including funk, dub, soul, psychedelia, R&B, and house, as well as other forms of electronic music. Trip hop can be highly experimental.Deriving from later idioms of acid house, the term was first used by the British music media to describe the more experimental variant of breakbeat emerging from the Bristol Sound scene in the early 1990s, which contained influences of soul, funk, and jazz. It was pioneered by acts like Massive Attack, Tricky, and Portishead. Trip hop achieved commercial success in the 1990s, and has been described as \"Europe's alternative choice in the second half of the '90s.\"", "Q797587": "Babar is a Canadian/French animated fantasy television series produced in Canada by Nelvana Limited and The Clifford Ross Company. It premiered in 1989 on CBC and HBO, and subsequently was rerun on Qubo since 2006. The series is based on Jean de Brunhoff's original Babar books, and was Nelvana's first international co-production. The series' 78 episodes have been broadcast in 30 languages in over 150 countries.\nThis was the first regular series based on the Babar books; prior to this, two previous Babar specials narrated by Peter Ustinov were produced by Lee Mendelson and Bill Melendez for NBC: The Story of Babar, the Little Elephant on October 21, 1968, and Babar Comes to America on September 7, 1971.While the French author Laurent de Brunhoff pronounces the name Babar as \"BUH-bar\", the series in its first five seasons pronounces the name as \"BAB-bar\".In 2010, a computer-animated sequel series spin-off of Babar titled Babar and the Adventures of Badou was launched on Disney Junior. The new series takes place several years after the original and focuses on a majority of new characters including Badou, Babar's grandson and Pom's son.", "Q316508": "Amon Adonai Santos de Ara\u00fajo Tobin (born February 7, 1972), known as Amon Tobin, is a Brazilian electronic musician, composer and producer. He is noted for his unusual methodology in sound design and music production. He has released eight major studio albums under the London-based Ninja Tune record label. He has also released two albums under the alias Two Fingers with collaborator Doubleclick. His latest release, Long Stories, was released on October 25th, 2019.\nHis music has been used in numerous major motion pictures including The Italian Job and 21. Tobin has created songs for several independent films, including the 2006 Hungarian film Taxidermia, and had his music used in other independent films, including the 2002 Cannes Palme d'Or nominated Divine Intervention. A selection of his tracks were featured in commercial bumps on Toonami and in the 2005 anime IGPX, and he produced the musical scores to critically acclaimed video games Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory by Ubisoft in 2005, and Sucker Punch's Infamous in 2009.", "Q449525": "Bryan James \"Chas\" Chandler (18 December 1938 \u2013 17 July 1996) was an English musician, record producer and manager, best known as the original bassist in The Animals. He also managed the band Slade and Jimi Hendrix, about whom he was regularly interviewed until his death in 1996.", "Q34933": "Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm (; 9 June 1917 \u2013 1 October 2012) was a British historian of the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism and nationalism. Ideologically a life-long Marxist, his socio-political convictions influenced the character of his work. His best-known works include his trilogy about what he called the \"long 19th century\" (The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789\u20131848, The Age of Capital: 1848\u20131875 and The Age of Empire: 1875\u20131914), The Age of Extremes on the short 20th century, and an edited volume that introduced the influential idea of \"invented traditions\".\nHobsbawm was born in Egypt but spent his childhood mainly in Vienna and Berlin. Following the death of his parents and the rise to power of Adolf Hitler, Hobsbawm moved to London with his adoptive family, then obtained his PhD in history at the University of Cambridge before serving in the Second World War. In 1998 he was appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour. He was President of Birkbeck, University of London, from 2002 until he died. In 2003 he received the Balzan Prize for European History since 1900 \"for his brilliant analysis of the troubled history of 20th century Europe and for his ability to combine in-depth historical research with great literary talent.\"\n\n", "Q311267": "Bobby Darin (born Walden Robert Cassotto; May 14, 1936 \u2013 December 20, 1973) was an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and actor in film and television. He performed jazz, pop, rock and roll, folk, swing, and country music.\nHe started his career as a songwriter for Connie Francis. He recorded his first million-selling single, \"Splish Splash\", in 1958. That was followed by \"Dream Lover\", \"Mack the Knife\", and \"Beyond the Sea\", which brought him worldwide fame. In 1962 he won a Golden Globe Award for his first film, Come September, co-starring his first wife, actress Sandra Dee.\nDuring the 1960s, he became more politically active and worked on Robert F. Kennedy's Democratic presidential campaign. He was present on the night of June 4/5, 1968, at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles at the time of Kennedy's assassination. During the same year, he discovered he had been raised by his grandmother, not his mother, and that the woman he thought was his sister was actually his mother. Those events deeply affected Darin and sent him into a long period of seclusion.\nAlthough he made a successful comeback (in television) in the early 1970s, his health was beginning to fail, as he had always expected, following bouts of rheumatic fever in childhood. The knowledge of his vulnerability had always spurred him on to use his musical talent while still young. He died at the age of 37 after a heart operation in Los Angeles.", "Q459736": "Monika Schnarre (born May 27, 1971) is a Canadian model, actress and television host. She is reportedly 6'2\" tall.\nIn 1986, at age 14, Schnarre won the Ford Models \"Supermodel of the World\" contest, becoming the youngest model to ever win. She appeared on the cover of American Vogue at 14 and in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue at 15.\nIn 1989, she wrote a book about her modeling experiences titled Monika: Between You and Me.\nShe became an actress, appearing in over 50 film and television roles including The Bold and the Beautiful and Beastmaster, and made guest appearances on Beverly Hills 90210, Andromeda, Caroline in the City, The King of Queens and Cracked. Schnarre has also made a number of movies, with roles in Love on the Side, Waxwork II: Lost in Time and Junior. She played Oxanna Kristos in the video game Command & Conquer: Tiberian Sun.\nSchnarre went on to study television broadcast journalism at University of California, Los Angeles, and was co-host of Celebrity RSVP, a Canadian entertainment news program. She also was a guest correspondent on etalk and ET Canada.\nIn 2007, Schnarre became a volunteer Ambassador for Habitat for Humanity Toronto's Women Build program. Schnarre resides in Toronto and Muskoka, Ontario.In 2014, Monika launched her line of natural anti-aging skincare products.", "Q9559": "Sir John Major (born 29 March 1943) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997. Major was Foreign Secretary and then Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Thatcher Government from 1989 to 1990, and was Member of Parliament (MP) for Huntingdon from 1979 until his retirement in 2001. Since the death of Margaret Thatcher in 2013, he has been both the oldest and earliest-serving of all living former prime ministers.\nBorn in St Helier, Surrey, Major grew up in Brixton. He initially worked as an insurance clerk, and then at the London Electricity Board, before becoming an executive at Standard Chartered. He was first elected to the House of Commons at the 1979 general election as MP for Huntingdon. He served as a Parliamentary Private Secretary, Assistant Whip and as a Minister for Social Security. In 1987, he joined the Cabinet as Chief Secretary to the Treasury, and was promoted to foreign secretary two years later. Just three months later in October 1989, he was appointed chancellor of the Exchequer, where he presented the 1990 budget. Major became prime minister after Thatcher resigned in November 1990. He presided over British participation in the Gulf War in March 1991, and negotiated the Maastricht Treaty in December 1991. He went on to lead the Conservatives to a record fourth consecutive electoral victory, winning the most votes in British electoral history with over 14 million votes at the 1992 general election, albeit with a reduced majority in the House of Commons. Shortly after this, in what came to be known as Black Wednesday (September 1992), his government was forced to withdraw the pound sterling from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism. This event led to a loss of confidence in Conservative economic policies and Major was never able to achieve a lead in opinion polls again.\nDespite the eventual revival of economic growth amongst other successes such as the beginnings of the Northern Ireland peace process, by the mid-1990s, the Conservative Party was embroiled in scandals involving various MPs (including cabinet ministers). Criticism of Major's leadership reached such a pitch that he chose to resign as party leader in June 1995, challenging his critics to either back him or challenge him; he was duly challenged by John Redwood but was easily re-elected. By this time, the Labour Party had moved toward the centre under the leadership of Tony Blair and won many by-elections, eventually depriving Major's government of a parliamentary majority in December 1996. Major went on to lose the 1997 general election five months later, in one of the largest electoral defeats since the Great Reform Act of 1832.\nMajor was succeeded by William Hague as Leader of the Conservative Party in June 1997. He went on to retire from active politics, leaving the House of Commons at the 2001 general election. In 1999, a BBC Radio 4 poll ranked him 17th of 19 among 20th-century British prime ministers; in 2016, a University of Leeds survey ranked him 6th of 13 among post-war prime ministers.\n\n", "Q160432": "David Jude Heyworth Law (born 29 December 1972) is an English actor. He has received multiple awards including a BAFTA Film Award as well as nominations for two Academy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, three Laurence Olivier Awards, and two Tony Awards. In 2007, he received an Honorary C\u00e9sar and was named a knight of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government, in recognition of his contribution to World Cinema Arts.Born and raised in London, Law started acting in theatre. After finding small roles in feature films, Law gained recognition for his role in Anthony Minghella's The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), for which he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award. He found further critical and commercial success in Enemy at the Gates (2001), Steven Spielberg's A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001) and Sam Mendes' Road to Perdition (2002). He gave an acclaimed performance in the war film Cold Mountain (2003), earning him Academy Award, Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations.\nLaw went on to star in several commercially unsuccessful films, including Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (2004) and Alfie (2004). He then starred as the romantic lead in films Closer (2004) and The Holiday (2006), which were well-received. He also portrayed Dr. Watson in Sherlock Holmes (2009) and Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (2011). In the 2010s, Law appeared in Repo Men (2010) and had supporting roles in Contagion (2011) and the 3D film Hugo (2011). The latter two received positive reviews from critics. In 2012, he starred in Anna Karenina (2012), Steven Soderbergh's Side Effects (2013), Wes Anderson's The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014) and Paul Feig's Spy (2015). \nIn 2017, he starred in The Young Pope and in 2018 portrayed Albus Dumbledore in Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald. His highest-grossing release was the superhero film Captain Marvel (2019), in which he played Yon-Rogg. Law has also had an accomplished career on stage, performing in several West End and Broadway productions such as Les Parents terribles, Hamlet and Anna Christie.", "Q1124061": "Concord Records is an American record label owned by Concord Music and based in Beverly Hills, California. Concord Records was launched in 1995 as an imprint designed to reach beyond the company's foundational Concord Jazz label. The label's artists have won 14 Grammy Awards and 88 Grammy nominations.\nThe original logo, a stylized eighth note incorporating the C and J of \"Concord Jazz\", was created by Bay Area graphic designer Dan Buck, who also worked on several album covers for the company.\n\n", "Q318525": "Abelardo Castillo (March 27, 1935 \u2013 May 2, 2017) was an Argentine writer, novelist, essayist, born in the city of San Pedro, Buenos Aires. He practised amateur boxing in his youth. He also directed the literary magazines El Escarabajo de Oro and El Ornitorrinco. He is well regarded in the field of Latin American literature. In 2014 he won the Diamond Konex Award as the best writer in the last decade in Argentina.", "Q108942": "Axel Stein (born 28 February 1982) is a German actor.", "Q173328": "Paul Fr\u00e8re (30 January 1917 \u2013 23 February 2008) was a racing driver and journalist from Belgium. He participated in eleven World Championship Formula One Grands Prix debuting on 22 June 1952 and achieving one podium finish with a total of eleven championship points. He drove in several non-Championship Formula One races.\nHe also won the 1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, driving for Ferrari with fellow Belgian teammate Olivier Gendebien.", "Q199929": "Jennifer Marie Morrison (born April 12, 1979) is an American actress, producer, director, and former child model. She is known for her roles as Dr. Allison Cameron in the medical-drama series House (2004\u20132012) and Emma Swan in the ABC adventure-fantasy series Once Upon a Time (2011\u20132017, 2018). She has also portrayed Zoey Pierson, one of Ted Mosby's love interests on the comedy series How I Met Your Mother; Winona Kirk, mother of James T. Kirk in the 2009 science-fiction film Star Trek; and Tess Conlon in the 2011 sports drama film Warrior. She made her feature film directorial debut with Sun Dogs (2017).", "Q85450": "Carola Neher (born Karola Neher; 2 November 1900 \u2013 26 June 1942) was a German actress and singer.", "Q17132": "Rosamond Soong Ching-ling (27 January 1893 \u2013 29 May 1981) was a Chinese political figure. As the third wife of Sun Yat-sen, one of the leaders of the 1911 revolution that established the Republic of China, she was often referred to as Madame Sun Yat-sen. She was a member of the Soong family and, together with her siblings, played a prominent role in China's politics prior to and after 1949.\nAfter the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, she held several prominent positions in the new government, including Vice Chairman (1949\u20131954; 1959\u20131975) and Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (1954\u20131959; 1975\u20131981), travelled abroad during the early 1950s, representing her country at a number of international events. During the Cultural Revolution, however, she was heavily criticized. Following the purge of President Liu Shaoqi in 1968, she and Dong Biwu as Vice Presidents became de facto Heads of State of China until 1972, when Dong was appointed Acting President. Soong survived the political turmoil during the Cultural Revolution, but appeared less frequently after 1976. As the acting Chairwoman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 1976 to 1978, Soong was again the acting Head of State. During her final illness in May 1981, she was given the special title of \"Honorary President of the People's Republic of China\".", "Q1745808": "Klaus Uwe Ludwig (16 September 1943 \u2013 20 December 2019) was a German church musician, concert organist and composer, who directed the church music at the Lutherkirche in Wiesbaden for decades.\n\n", "Q5363": "Maria de Ventadorn (or Ventedorn) (French: Marie de Ventadour) was a patron of troubadour poetry at the end of the 12th century.Maria was one of las tres de Torena, \"the three of Turenne\", the three daughters of viscount Raymond II of Turenne and of Elise de S\u00e9verac. These three, according to Bertran de Born, possessed tota beltat terrena, \"all earthly beauty\". Her date of birth is uncertain; she possibly died in 1222. Her name is variously recorded as Marie de Turenne and Marguerite de Turenne. She married viscount Eble V of Ventadour (Corr\u00e8ze, France); they had a son, Eble (V), who married Dauphine de la Tour d'Auvergne, and a daughter, Alix or Alasia.Maria's husband was the grandson of Eble III (patron of the important early troubadour Bernart de Ventadorn), and the great-grandson of Eble le chanteur, believed to have been among the creators of the genre. Maria is addressed, or at least mentioned, in the work of several troubadours including Gaucelm Faidit, the Monk of Montaudon, Gausbert de Puicibot, Pons de Capduelh, Guiraut de Calanso, Bertran de Born and Gui d'Ussel. According to a poetic commentary included in the Biographies des Troubadours, Hugh IX of Lusignan was Maria's \"knight\" (era sos cavalliers).Maria de Ventadorn is listed as a trobairitz in her own right on the strength of a single tens\u00f3 or poetic debate (dated c. 1197), of which alternate verses were apparently composed by her and by Gui d'Ussel. The question at issue in the debate was this: once a man has succeeded in his plea to be accepted as a lady's lover, does he thereafter become her equal, or does he remain her servant? Maria takes the latter view.", "Q313470": "Donald Edmond Wahlberg Jr. (born August 17, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, actor, record producer, and film producer. He is a founding member of the boy band New Kids on the Block. Outside music, he has had roles in the Saw films, Zookeeper, Dreamcatcher, The Sixth Sense, Righteous Kill, and Ransom, as well as appearing in the World War II miniseries Band of Brothers as Carwood Lipton. From 2002 to 2003, he starred in the crime drama Boomtown. He has been starring in the drama series Blue Bloods as Danny Reagan since 2010, and since 2014 is an executive producer of the TNT reality television show Boston's Finest. He was nominated for Choice Scream at the 2006 Teen Choice Awards for his work in the Saw films. He has also produced and starred in Rock This Boat, Donnie Loves Jenny and Return of the Mac on Pop TV. He also produces and stars in Wahlburgers on A&E TV.", "Q293264": "Florencia Lozano (born December 16, 1969) is an American actress. She starred as T\u00e9a Delgado on the daytime series One Life to Live.Lozano has guest-starred in several primetime television shows, as well as films.", "Q162225": "Fallen is a 1998 American supernatural detective thriller film directed by Gregory Hoblit, produced by Charles Roven and Dawn Steel, from a screenplay by Nicholas Kazan. The film tells the story of John Hobbes, a Philadelphia police detective who is investigating murders committed by an apparent copycat killer. Denzel Washington, John Goodman, Donald Sutherland, Embeth Davidtz, James Gandolfini and Elias Koteas star. Fallen was released on January 16, 1998, by Warner Bros. The film grossed $25.2 million against its budget of $46 million. It has a 40% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes, which calls it \"not all that thrilling\".", "Q175759": "Clara Ann Fowler (November 8, 1927 \u2013 January 1, 2013), known by her stage name Patti Page, was an American singer of pop and country music and occasional actress. She was the top-charting female vocalist and best-selling female artist of the 1950s, selling over 100 million records during a six-decade long career. She was often introduced as \"the Singin' Rage, Miss Patti Page\". New York WNEW disc-jockey William B. Williams introduced her as \"A Page in my life called Patti\".\nPage signed with Mercury Records in 1947, and became their first successful female artist, starting with 1948's \"Confess\". In 1950, she had her first million-selling single \"With My Eyes Wide Open, I'm Dreaming\", and would eventually have 14 additional million-selling singles between 1950 and 1965.\nPage's signature song, \"Tennessee Waltz\", was one of the biggest-selling singles of the 20th century, and is recognized today as one of the official songs of the state of Tennessee. It spent 13 weeks atop the Billboard magazine's Best-Sellers List in 1950/51. Page had three additional No. 1 hit singles between 1950 and 1953, \"All My Love (Bolero)\", \"I Went to Your Wedding\", and \"(How Much Is That) Doggie in the Window\".\nUnlike most other pop singers, Page blended country music styles into many of her songs. As a result of this crossover appeal, many of Page's singles appeared on the Billboard Country Chart. In the 1970s, she shifted her style more toward country music and began having even more success on the country charts, ending up as one of the few vocalists to have charted in five separate decades.\nWith the rise of Rock and Roll in the 1950s, mainstream popular music record sales began to decline. Page was among the few pop singers who were able to maintain popularity, continuing to have hits well into the 1960s, with \"Old Cape Cod\", \"Allegheny Moon\", \"A Poor Man's Roses (Or a Rich Man's Gold)\", and \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte\".\nIn 1997, Patti Page was inducted into the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame. She was posthumously honored with the Lifetime Achievement Grammy Award in 2013.", "Q363197": "M\u00e5rten Triewald FRS (18 November 1691 \u2013 8 August 1747), sometimes referred to as M\u00e5rten Triewald the Younger, was a Swedish merchant, engineer and amateur physicist.M\u00e5rten Triewald was the son of M\u00e5rten Triewald the Elder, a farrier and anchorsmith of German origin.\nTriewald's mercantile activities took him to London where he attended lectures in Newtonian Experimental Philosophy given by John Theophilus Desaguliers and with whom he later corresponded. In 1716 Triewald was employed as an inspector at a coal mine in Newcastle, where he studied mechanics and the steam engines used there, and made improvements to them. He returned to Sweden in 1726 and at Dannemora mine and built a steam engine there under the designation \"fire and air machine\" (eld- och luftmachin in archaic Swedish). This steam engine is believed to be the first steam engine in Sweden that was put to practical and industrial use.\nIn 1728 and 1729 Triewald held lectures in mechanics at the Swedish House of Nobility, and demonstrated a collection of physical instruments that he had bought in England. In 1732, these instruments were taken over by Lund University, and Triewald's assistant Daniel Menl\u00f6s was made a professor of mathematics at the university. In 1729 he formed a diving company, and wrote about the use of diving bells and equipment for divers under the title Konsten att lefa under watn (\"The art of living under water\"). He also took an interest in bee-keeping and published on this subject (Tractat om bij, 1728).\nTriewald was given the title director mechanicus, and in 1735 was appointed kapten-mekanikus (Captain of Mechanics) at the Fortification Administration, deemed to be \"the only one in the country suitable for this post\", and given an annual pension by the Parliament.\nIn 1729, he was elected a member of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala. In 1739, he was one of six founders of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm. He was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1731.The mansion located in the southwestern part of Kungsholmen that Triewald bought in 1739, Triewalds malmg\u00e5rd, still exists and carries his name.\nMarten Triewalds daughter Margaret Elisabeth was married to accountant Johan Falkensson (died 1779) who leased Hersbyholm on Liding\u00f6 .\nM\u00e5rten Triewald had a brother named Samuel von Triewald, poet, politician and one of the first 'critics' in Sweden; he was also a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.", "Q4800177": "Arthur Rotherham (27 May 1869 \u2013 3 March 1946) was an English rugby union scrum-half who was a member of the first official British Isles tour and was later capped for the England team.", "Q220910": "Casino is a 1995 American epic crime film directed by Martin Scorsese, produced by Barbara De Fina and distributed by Universal Pictures. It starred Robert De Niro, Sharon Stone, and Joe Pesci. The film is based on the nonfiction book Casino: Love and Honor in Las Vegas by Nicholas Pileggi, who also co-wrote the screenplay for the film with Scorsese. The film marks the eighth collaboration between director Scorsese and De Niro.\nCasino follows Sam \"Ace\" Rothstein (De Niro), a Jewish American gambling expert handicapper who is asked by the Chicago Outfit to oversee the day-to-day casino and hotel operations at the Tangiers Casino in Las Vegas. Supporting characters include Nicholas \"Nicky\" Santoro (Pesci), a \"made man\" and friend of Ace, and Ginger McKenna (Stone), a streetwise chip hustler whom Ace marries and has a daughter with. The film details Ace's operation of the casino, the difficulties he confronts in his job, the Mafia's involvement with the casino, and the gradual breakdown of his relationships and standing, as Las Vegas changes over the years.\nThe primary characters are based on real people: Ace is inspired by the life of Frank Rosenthal, also known as \"Lefty,\" who ran the Stardust, Fremont, Marina, and Hacienda casinos in Las Vegas for the Chicago Outfit from the early 1970s until 1981. Nicky and Ginger are based on mob enforcer Anthony Spilotro and former dancer and socialite Geri McGee, respectively.\nCasino was released on November 22, 1995, to mostly positive critical reception, and was a worldwide box office success. Stone's performance was singled out for acclaim, earning her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture \u2013 Drama and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress.", "Q2907582": "Roberto \"Bob\" Bissonnette (27 April 1981 \u2013 3 September 2016) was a Canadian ice hockey player, as well as a singer known for his sports-themed songs and a co-owner of the Qu\u00e9bec Capitales professional baseball team.", "Q3418302": "Ralph Teetor (August 17, 1890 \u2013 February 15, 1982) was a prolific inventor who invented cruise control. He was the longtime president of the automotive parts manufacturer The Perfect Circle Co. (acquired in 1963 by Dana Holding Corporation, then sold to Mahle GmbH in 2007) in Hagerstown, Indiana, a manufacturer of piston rings.\n\n", "Q152480": "Joseph I (Joseph Jacob Ignaz Johann Anton Eustachius; 26 July 1678 \u2013 17 April 1711) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1705 until his death in 1711. He was the eldest son of Emperor Leopold I from his third wife, Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg. Joseph was crowned King of Hungary at the age of nine in 1687 and King in Germany at the age of eleven in 1690. He succeeded to the thrones of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire when his father died.\nJoseph continued the War of the Spanish Succession, begun by his father against Louis XIV of France, in a fruitless attempt to make his younger brother Charles (later Emperor Charles VI) King of Spain. In the process, however, owing to the victories won by his military commander, Prince Eugene of Savoy, he did succeed in establishing Austrian hegemony over Italy. Joseph also had to contend with a protracted revolt in Hungary, fomented by Louis XIV. Neither conflict was resolved until the Treaty of Utrecht, after his death. He also sanctioned the extermination of Romani people within the Holy Roman Empire.His motto was Amore et Timore (Latin for \"Through Love and Fear\").", "Q68080": "J\u00fcrgen Rieger (11 May 1946, Blexen, Lower Saxony \u2013 29 October 2009) was a Hamburg lawyer, avowed anti-semite, and deputy chairman of the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) (as of October 2009), known for his Holocaust denial.\nRieger represented Arpad Wigand former SS Police Leader of the Warsaw district in Occupied Poland, in his trial for war crimes in Hamburg District Court. Wigand was subsequently found guilty in December 1981, and sentenced to 12.5 years.Rieger was convicted among other for battery, incitement of the people (Volksverhetzung), and the use of prohibited symbols.Rieger joined the NPD in 2006, and became Hamburg chairman in 2007. He worked in the Heathen Artgemeinschaft Germanische Glaubens-Gemeinschaft over many years. In the 1990s he was active in the now-suppressed far-right Wiking-Jugend and Freiheitliche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei.He was an important figure for the NPD, because of his several party donations, the total amount was \u20ac500,000.On 29 October 2009 Rieger died in Berlin from a stroke.It is alleged that he used the nom-de-plume J\u00f6rg Rieck for some of his publications, including in his contribution to the \"programmatic\" book of the Thule Seminar, Das unverg\u00e4ngliche Erbe. Rieger was editor of the pseudoscientific racialist Neue Anthropologie, sister journal to Roger Pearson's Mankind Quarterly.He was organiser of annual Rudolf Hess commemorations in Wunsiedel.\n\n", "Q530794": "S\u00f6mmerda is a town near Erfurt in Thuringia, Germany, on the Unstrut river. It is the capital of the district of S\u00f6mmerda.", "Q58143": "Reinaldo Apolo Gargano Ostuni (July 26, 1934 \u2013 February 5, 2013) was a Uruguayan political figure.", "Q271587": "Jennifer Sky (born Jennifer Wacha; October 13, 1976) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Sarah Webber in General Hospital (1997\u20131998) and Cleopatra, the title character in the science fiction series Cleopatra 2525 (2000\u20132001).", "Q95125": "James Lawrence Brooks (born May 9, 1940) is an American director, producer and screenwriter, who helped create a string of acclaimed productions in television and the movies, including The Mary Tyler Moore Show, The Simpsons, Broadcast News, and Terms of Endearment.\nWhile growing up in North Bergen, New Jersey, Brooks endured a fractured family life and passed the time by reading and writing. After dropping out of New York University, he got a job as an usher at CBS, going on to write for the CBS News broadcasts. He moved to Los Angeles in 1965 to work on David L. Wolper's documentaries. After being laid off he met producer Allan Burns who secured him a job as a writer on the series My Mother the Car.\nBrooks wrote for several shows before being hired as a story editor on My Friend Tony and later created the series Room 222. Grant Tinker hired Brooks and Burns at MTM Productions to create The Mary Tyler Moore Show in 1970. The show, one of the first to feature an independent working woman as its lead character, was critically acclaimed and won Brooks several Primetime Emmy Awards. Brooks and Burns then created two successful spin-offs from Mary Tyler Moore: Rhoda (a comedy) and Lou Grant (a drama). Brooks left MTM Productions in 1978 to co-create the sitcom Taxi which, despite winning multiple Emmys, suffered from low ratings and was canceled twice.\nBrooks moved into feature film work when he wrote and co-produced the 1979 film Starting Over. His next project was the critically acclaimed film Terms of Endearment, which he produced, directed and wrote, winning an Academy Award for all three roles. Basing his next film, Broadcast News, on his journalistic experiences, the film earned him a further two Academy Award nominations. Although his 1994 work I'll Do Anything was hampered by negative press attention due to the cutting of all of its recorded musical numbers, As Good as It Gets (co-written with Mark Andrus) earned further praise. It was seven years until his next film, 2004's Spanglish. His sixth film, How Do You Know, was released in 2010. Brooks also produced and mentored Cameron Crowe on Say Anything... (1989) and Wes Anderson and Owen Wilson on Bottle Rocket (1996).\nIn 1984, Brooks founded the television and film company, Gracie Films. Although he did not intend to do so, Brooks returned to television in 1987 as the producer of The Tracey Ullman Show. He hired cartoonist Matt Groening to create a series of shorts for the show, which eventually led to The Simpsons in 1989. The Simpsons won numerous awards and is still running. Brooks also co-produced and co-wrote the 2007 film adaptation of the show, The Simpsons Movie. In total, Brooks has received 53 Emmy nominations, winning 21 of them.\n\n", "Q516035": "Troy Donahue (born Merle Johnson Jr., January 27, 1936 \u2013 September 2, 2001) was an American film and television actor and singer. He was a popular male sex symbol in the 1950s and 1960s.", "Q540273": "Catania\u2013Fontanarossa Airport (Italian: Aeroporto Internazionale Vincenzo Bellini di Catania-Fontanarossa) (IATA: CTA, ICAO: LICC), also known as Vincenzo Bellini Airport, is an international airport 2.3 NM (4.3 km; 2.6 mi) southwest of Catania, the second largest city on the Italian island of Sicily. It is named after the opera composer Vincenzo Bellini, who was born in Catania.\nIt is the busiest airport in Sicily and the fifth busiest in Italy with 9,933,318 passengers in 2018. Major airlines such as Alitalia, Lufthansa and KLM offer services here and connect numerous European destinations such as Rome, Munich, Amsterdam and Berlin, while low-cost airlines such as easyJet and Ryanair offer flights to leisure destinations.\nWith nearly two million passengers carried in 2016, the Catania/Fontanarossa - Rome/Fiumicino route is Italy's busiest air route, and Europe's fourth busiest.\n\n", "Q1663": "Split (, as the English word split; Croatian pronunciation: [spl\u00eet] (listen); see other names) is the second-largest city of Croatia and the largest city of the region of Dalmatia, with about 250,000 people living in its urban area. It lies on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea and is spread over a central peninsula and its surroundings. An intraregional transport hub and popular tourist destination, the city is linked to the Adriatic islands and the Apennine peninsula. \nThe city was founded as the Greek colony of Asp\u00e1lathos (A\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2) in the 3rd or 2nd century BC and later on was home to Diocletian's Palace, built for the Roman emperor in AD 305. It became a prominent settlement around 650 when it succeeded the ancient capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, Salona. After the sack of Salona by the Avars and Slavs, the fortified Palace of Diocletian was settled by Roman refugees. Split became a Byzantine city. Later it drifted into the sphere of the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Croatia, with the Byzantines retaining nominal suzerainty. For much of the High and Late Middle Ages, Split enjoyed autonomy as a free city of the Dalmatian city-states, caught in the middle of a struggle between Venice and Croatia (in union with Hungary) for control over the Dalmatian cities.\nVenice eventually prevailed and during the early modern period Split remained a Venetian city, a heavily fortified outpost surrounded by Ottoman territory. Its hinterland was won from the Ottomans in the Morean War of 1699, and in 1797, as Venice fell to Napoleon, the Treaty of Campo Formio rendered the city to the Habsburg Monarchy. In 1805, the Peace of Pressburg added it to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and in 1806 it was included in the French Empire, becoming part of the Illyrian Provinces in 1809. After being occupied in 1813, it was eventually granted to the Austrian Empire following the Congress of Vienna, where the city remained a part of the Austrian Kingdom of Dalmatia until the fall of Austria-Hungary in 1918 and the formation of Yugoslavia. In World War II, the city was annexed by Italy, then liberated by the Partisans after the Italian capitulation in 1943. It was then re-occupied by Germany, which granted it to its puppet Independent State of Croatia. The city was liberated again by the Partisans in 1944, and was included in the post-war Socialist Yugoslavia, as part of its republic of Croatia. In 1991, Croatia seceded from Yugoslavia amid the Croatian War of Independence.", "Q213464": "Adachi (\u8db3\u7acb\u533a, Adachi-ku) is a special ward located in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. It is located north of the heart of Tokyo. The ward consists of two separate areas: a small strip of land between the Sumida River and Arakawa River and a larger area north of the Arakawa River. The ward is bordered by the cities of Kawaguchi, S\u014dka and Yashio in Saitama and Katsushika, Sumida, Arakawa, and Kita in Tokyo. The ward is called Adachi City in English.\nAs of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 692,707, and a population density of 13,010 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 53.25 km\u00b2.\nThe Adachi Land Transportation Office is located here, and automobiles registered at this office bear Adachi number plates.\n\n", "Q64862": "Anton Felix Schindler (13 June 1795 \u2013 16 January 1864) was an associate, secretary, and early biographer of Ludwig van Beethoven. He was born in Meedel, Moravia, and died in Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main).", "Q98401": "Ulf Mark Schneider (born 9 September 1965) is a German/American businessman, and the CEO of Nestl\u00e9. He is the former CEO of Fresenius, a \u20ac28 billion global healthcare group.\n\n", "Q130563": "Nevermore was an American heavy metal band from Seattle, Washington, United States, formed in 1991. The band has been inactive since 2011, due to personal issues between the band members. In April 2015, lead singer Warrel Dane confirmed that Nevermore had not disbanded, and there was a possibility for them to continue in the next two years with another album. However, Dane died in December 2017; this ended hopes of a reunion.", "Q275939": "Maria da Gra\u00e7a Xuxa Meneghel (Portuguese pronunciation: [ma\u02c8\u027eia da \u02c8g\u027easa \u02c8\u0283u\u0283a m\u1ebdne\u02c8g\u025bw]; born 27 March 1963) is a Brazilian television host, film actress, singer, model and businesswoman. Her various shows have been broadcast in Portuguese, English, and Spanish worldwide. She is a two-time winner of the Latin Grammy Award for Best Children's Album, and is also known for her epithet, the \"Queen of Children\".\nXuxa began her television career with the Clube da Crian\u00e7a on Rede Manchete in the early 1980s. She became a national superstar when she moved to Rede Globo in 1986 for the Xou da Xuxa. She was the first Brazilian to appear on Forbes Magazine's list of richest artists in 1991, taking 37th place with an annual gross income of US$19 million.Over her 30-year career, Xuxa Meneghel has sold over 50 million copies of her records worldwide, which makes her the second-highest-selling Brazilian female singer after Rita Lee. Her net worth was estimated at US$100 million in the early 1990s. As of 2015, she continues to be among Brazil's most prominent celebrities. Also successful as a businesswoman, she has the highest net worth of any Brazilian female entertainer, estimated at US$400 million.", "Q176536": "Marcus F. Ru. Jotapianus (died c. 249) or Jotapian, he was also known as Iotapianus or Iotapian. Jotapianus was a usurper in the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire during the reign of Emperor Philip the Arab, around 249. Jotapianus is known from his rare coins and from accounts in Aurelius Victor (Caesares xxix.2), Zosimus (i.20.2 and i.21.2), and Polemius Silvius (Laterculus).", "Q97732": "Christine Ann Buchholz (born 2 April 1971 in Hamburg) is a German politician and a member of the Bundestag, elected in 2009 as a member of Die Linke. A progressive activist, Bucholz is a member of Marx21, a network of revolutionary socialists within the Die Linke broadly aligned with the International Socialist Tendency.", "Q158813": "Michael Dale Huckabee (born August 24, 1955) is an American politician and Christian minister who served as the 44th governor of Arkansas from 1996 to 2007. He was a candidate in the United States Republican presidential primaries in both 2008 and 2016.\nHe is the host of the talk show Huckabee, which ran on the Fox News Channel from 2008\u20132015, and currently runs on the Trinity Broadcasting Network, simulcast on Newsmax TV. He paused the show in January 2015 in order to explore a potential bid for the presidency. From April 2012 through December 2013, he hosted a daily radio program, The Mike Huckabee Show, on weekday afternoons for Cumulus Media Networks. Huckabee is the author of several best-selling books, an ordained Southern Baptist minister noted for his evangelical views, a musician, and a public speaker. He was also a political commentator on The Huckabee Report.In the 2008 Republican presidential primaries, Huckabee won the 2008 Iowa Republican caucuses and finished second in delegate count and third in both popular vote and number of states won, behind John McCain and Mitt Romney. Huckabee ran again for the Republican nomination in the 2016 presidential election, but lost to businessman Donald Trump. His daughter, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, served two years as President Trump's White House Press Secretary.", "Q240772": "Abraham Wald (; Hungarian: Wald \u00c1brah\u00e1m; (1902-10-31)31 October 1902 \u2013 (1950-12-13)13 December 1950) was a Hungarian mathematician who contributed to decision theory, geometry, and econometrics, and founded the field of statistical sequential analysis. He spent his researching years at Columbia University.", "Q507110": "Jean-Claude \u00c9loy (born 15 June 1938) is a French composer of instrumental, vocal and electroacoustic music.", "Q381884": "Sergey Vyacheslavovich Lazarev (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0430\u0301\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432, IPA: [s\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8\u0261\u02b2ej v\u02b2\u026at\u0361\u0255\u026as\u02c8lav\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0361\u0255 \u02c8laz\u0259r\u02b2\u026af], born 1 April 1983) is a Russian singer, dancer and actor. He is most famous for his singing career, when he rose to fame as a member of the group Smash!!. The group broke up in 2006. Since then Lazarev has pursued a solo career. He represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden, and finished in third place, coming first in the televote. He represented Russia again at Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv, Israel with the song \"Scream\", and similarly finished in third place.", "Q16562": "El Paso (; Spanish: [el \u02c8paso] \"the pass\") is a city and the county seat of El Paso County, Texas, United States, in the far western part of the state. The 2018 population estimate for the city from the U.S. Census was 682,669, making it the 22nd largest city in the United States. Its metropolitan statistical area (MSA) covers all of El Paso and Hudspeth counties in Texas, and has a population of 840,758.El Paso stands on the Rio Grande across the Mexico\u2013United States border from Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, the most populous city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua with 1.4 million people. Las Cruces, in the neighboring U.S. state of New Mexico, has a population of 215,579. On the U.S. side, the El Paso metropolitan area forms part of the larger El Paso\u2013Las Cruces CSA, with a population of 1,060,397.Bi-nationally, these three cities form a combined international metropolitan area sometimes referred to as the Paso del Norte or the Borderplex. The region of 2.5 million people constitutes the largest bilingual and binational work force in the Western Hemisphere.The city is home to three publicly traded companies, and former Western Refining, now Andeavor. as well as home to the Medical Center of the Americas, the only medical research and care provider complex in West Texas and Southern New Mexico, and the University of Texas at El Paso, the city's primary university. The city hosts the annual Sun Bowl college football post-season game, the second oldest bowl game in the country.El Paso has a strong federal and military presence. William Beaumont Army Medical Center, Biggs Army Airfield, and Fort Bliss are located in the area. Fort Bliss is one of the largest military complexes of the United States Army and the largest training area in the United States. Also headquartered in El Paso are the DEA domestic field division 7, El Paso Intelligence Center, Joint Task Force North, United States Border Patrol El Paso Sector, and the U.S. Border Patrol Special Operations Group (SOG).\nIn 2010 and 2018, El Paso received an All-America City Award. El Paso ranked in the top three safest large cities in the United States between 1997 and 2014, including holding the title of safest city between 2011 and 2014.", "Q133042": "Shmuel Yosef Agnon (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05e2\u05d2\u05e0\u05d5\u05df) (July 17, 1888 \u2013 February 17, 1970) was a Nobel Prize laureate writer and was one of the central figures of modern Hebrew fiction. In Hebrew, he is known by the acronym Shai Agnon (\u05e9\"\u05d9 \u05e2\u05d2\u05e0\u05d5\u05df). In English, his works are published under the name S. Y. Agnon.\nAgnon was born in Polish Galicia, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and later immigrated to Mandatory Palestine, and died in Jerusalem, Israel.\nHis works deal with the conflict between the traditional Jewish life and language and the modern world. They also attempt to recapture the fading traditions of the European shtetl (village). In a wider context, he also contributed to broadening the characteristic conception of the narrator's role in literature. Agnon had a distinctive linguistic style mixing modern and rabbinic Hebrew. Agnon shared the Nobel Prize with the poet Nelly Sachs in 1966.", "Q175017": "12 Paces Without a Head (German: Zw\u00f6lf Meter ohne Kopf) is a 2009 film set in the North Sea in 1401. The film centers on the German folk hero Klaus St\u00f6rtebeker, who was a pirate at the time. The title comes from a legend which asserts that when he was captured by the Hanseatic League, he struck a deal with his captors that every one of his men whom he could walk past after being decapitated, would be let go. St\u00f6rtebeker's body allegedly managed to make twelve paces before collapsing.", "Q57258": "Ivo Josipovi\u0107 (Croatian pronunciation: [\u01d0\u02d0\u028bo jos\u01d0\u02d0po\u028bit\u0255] (listen); born 28 August 1957) is a Croatian jurist, composer and politician who served as President of Croatia from 2010 to 2015.Josipovi\u0107 entered politics as a member of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKJ), and played a key role in the democratic transformation of the League of Communists of Croatia into the Social Democratic Party (SDP) as the author of its first statute. He left politics in 1994, but returned in 2003, winning a seat in the Croatian Parliament running as an independent candidate on the SDP party list. He won reelection to parliament as a member of the SDP in 2007. In addition to politics, Josipovi\u0107 has also worked as a university professor, legal expert, musician and composer.\nFollowing the end of his first term in parliament in January 2008, he ran in the 2009\u201310 presidential election as the candidate of the Social Democrats, which he had rejoined in January 2008. In the first round he topped eleven rivals with 32.4% of the vote, and entered the run-off with independent conservative populist candidate and mayor of Zagreb, Milan Bandi\u0107, who had secured 14.8%. He won the election with 60.26% of the vote in the second round of the election.\nHis campaign was titled New Justice (Nova Pravednost), calling for a new legal framework to address deep social injustice, corruption and organised crime. This included protection of individual rights and promotion of fundamental values such as equality, human rights, LGBT rights, justice, diligence, social empathy and creativity. Josipovi\u0107 was inaugurated on 18 February 2010, at St. Mark's Square in Zagreb. His term officially began at midnight on 19 February.\nJosipovi\u0107 sought re-election in the 2014\u201315 presidential election held on 28 December 2014. He won 38.46% of the vote in the first round, finishing narrowly ahead of conservative HDZ candidate Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovi\u0107. They entered a run-off, which took place on 11 January 2015 and which Josipovi\u0107 ultimately lost by a slim margin of around 32.500 votes, winning 49.3% of the vote to Grabar-Kitarovi\u0107's 50.7%. He is the first President of Croatia not to be reelected to a second term.", "Q4733": "Bloodbath at the House of Death is a 1983 British comedy horror film directed by Ray Cameron and starring the comedian Kenny Everett and featuring Vincent Price. It is an over-the-top spoof loosely inspired by The Amityville Horror and other horror films from the same period.", "Q698688": "Li Xiaopeng (Chinese: \u674e\u5c0f\u9e4f; born June 1959) is a Chinese businessman and politician, who is serving as the Minister of Transport. He is the former chief executive of China Huaneng Group, a power generation company. He was also Governor of Shanxi between 2012 and 2016. As the son of former Chinese Premier Li Peng, he is a prominent member of the Chinese princelings.", "Q246303": "Anthony Boucher (; born William Anthony Parker White; August 21, 1911 \u2013 April 29, 1968) was an American author, critic, and editor, who wrote several classic mystery novels, short stories, science fiction, and radio dramas. Between 1942 and 1947 he acted as reviewer of mostly mystery fiction for the San Francisco Chronicle. In addition to \"Anthony Boucher\", White also employed the pseudonym \"H. H. Holmes\", which was the pseudonym of a late-19th-century American serial killer; Boucher would also write light verse and sign it \"Herman W. Mudgett\" (another of the murderer's aliases).\nIn a 1981 poll of 17 detective story writers and reviewers, his novel Nine Times Nine was voted as the ninth best locked room mystery of all time.", "Q76296": "Ulrike Schweikert (born 28 November 1966) is a German writer.\nHer book series Die Erben der Nacht was adapted to television as Heirs of the Night by Diederik van Rooijen and Maria von Heland.", "Q342617": "Benjamin John Whishaw (born 14 October 1980) is an English actor, in film, television, and theatre. After winning a British Independent Film Award for his performance in My Brother Tom (2001), Whishaw was nominated for an Olivier Award for his portrayal of the title role in a 2004 production of Hamlet. This was followed by television roles in Nathan Barley (2005), Criminal Justice (2008) and The Hour (2011-12) and film roles in Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (2006), I'm Not There (2007), Brideshead Revisited (2008) and Bright Star (2009). For Criminal Justice, Whishaw received an International Emmy Award and received his first BAFTA Award nomination. \nIn 2012, Whishaw played the title role in a BBC Two adaptation of Richard II, broadcast as part of The Hollow Crown series of William Shakespeare adaptations, for which he won the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor. The same year, he starred as Q in the James Bond film Skyfall (2012), going on to reprise the role in Spectre (2015) and the upcoming No Time to Die (2020). He has voiced the title character in Paddington (2014) and its 2017 sequel Paddington 2 (2017). His other film roles in the 2010s have included Cloud Atlas (2012), The Lobster (2015), Suffragette (2015), The Danish Girl (2015), and Mary Poppins Returns (2018). Whishaw received a third BAFTA Award nomination for the leading role in London Spy (2015) and, for his portrayal of Norman Scott in the miniseries A Very English Scandal (2018), won the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor, the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Series, Miniseries or Television Film and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie.", "Q2679445": "Boonkua Lourvanij (9 August 1930 \u2013 7 April 2015) was a Thai businessman and sports shooter. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics, was a founding member of the Skeet & Trap Shooting Association of Thailand, and founded and served as CEO of the Asoke Motors Company.", "Q92662": "Ryan C. Gordon (also known as icculus) is a computer programmer and former Loki Software employee who is now responsible for icculus.org, which hosts many Loki Software projects as well as several new projects created by himself and others. Gordon's site hosts projects with the code from such commercial games as Duke Nukem 3D, Shadow Warrior, Quake III Arena and many other free and open source projects for multiple platforms.\nGordon has also created ports of proprietary software products to the Linux and Mac OS X platforms. These include being hired to port most of the Unreal Tournament series, some of the Serious Sam series, the official Postal series, some Tripwire Interactive and Coffee Stain Studios titles, and Prey (2006). He has also been involved in porting several non-gaming products such as Second Life and Google Earth. Some, such as Candy Cruncher and Postal 2, have been published by Linux Game Publishing. He has also been described alongside Edward Rudd as being \"instrumental\" in ensuring the multi-platform nature of the Humble Indie Bundle initiatives.", "Q270869": "Yolanda Yvette Adams (born August 27, 1961) is an American gospel singer, record producer, actress, and radio host of her own nationally syndicated morning gospel show. She has sold nearly 10 million albums worldwide according to SoundScan. Adams is known as the \"Queen of Contemporary Gospel Music\" and the \"First Lady of Modern Gospel\". Variety dubbed Adams as the \"Reigning Queen of Urban Gospel\".On December 11, 2009, Billboard named her the No. 1 Gospel Artist of the last decade In the same chart, her album Mountain High...Valley Low was acknowledged as the best gospel album.", "Q110843": "The Moderate Party (Swedish: Moderata samlingspartiet, M, literally \"Moderate Coalition Party\" or \"Moderate Unity Party\"; commonly referred to as Moderaterna: \"Moderates\") is a liberal-conservative political party in Sweden. \nThe party generally supports tax cuts, the free market, civil liberties and economic liberalism. Internationally, it is a full member of the International Democrat Union and European People's Party.The party was founded in 1904 as the General Electoral League (Allm\u00e4nna valmansf\u00f6rbundet) by a group of conservatives in the Riksdag, the Swedish parliament. The party was later known as The Right (H\u00f6gern, 1938\u20131952) and Right Wing Party (H\u00f6gerpartiet, 1952\u20131969). During this time, the party was usually called the Conservative Party outside of Sweden. \nAfter holding minor posts in centre-right governments, the Moderates eventually became the leading opposition party to the Swedish Social Democratic Party and since then those two parties have dominated Swedish politics. After the 1991 general election, party leader Carl Bildt formed a minority government, the first administration since 1930 to be headed by a member of the party, which lasted three years. The party was returned in government, under party leader and Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt, after the 2006 and 2010 general elections. In 2010 the party, which was the leading member of the centre-right Alliance coalition (along with the Liberal People's Party, the Christian Democrats and the Centre Party), obtained its best result ever (30.1%).\nThe current chairman of the party, Ulf Kristersson, was elected at a special party congress on 1 October 2017, following Anna Kinberg Batra's sudden resignation. Kinberg Batra had replaced Reinfeldt, Prime Minister from 2006 to 2014. Under Reinfeldt's leadership, the party moved more towards the centre in Swedish politics.", "Q14375": "Lake Neuch\u00e2tel (French: Lac de Neuch\u00e2tel; German: Neuenburgersee) is a lake primarily in Romandy, in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. The lake lies mainly in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel, but is also shared by the cantons of Vaud, Fribourg, and Bern.\nWith a surface of 218.3 km2 (84 sq mi), Lake Neuch\u00e2tel is the largest lake located entirely in Switzerland and the 59th largest lake in Europe. It is 38.3 km (23.8 mi) long and 8.2 km (5.1 mi) at its widest. Its surface is 429 metres (1,407 ft) above sea level, and the maximum depth is 152 metres (499 ft). The total water volume is 14.0 km3 (3.4 cu mi). The lake's drainage area is approximately 2,670 km2 (1,031 sq mi) and its culminating point is Le Chasseron at 1,607 metres (5,272 ft).The lake is fed by the rivers L'Orbe (called La Thielle or La Thi\u00e8le locally, downstream of the city of Orbe), L'Arnon, L'Areuse, Le Seyon, and La Menthue, as well as by the Canal de la Broye. The Thielle Canal (French: Canal de la Thielle, German: Zihlkanal) drains the lake into Lake Biel and is part of regulation system for the lakes and the rivers of the Seeland region.\nLake Neuch\u00e2tel was the home of the now extinct species of deepwater trout Salvelinus neocomensis.", "Q369492": "Bend It Like Beckham is a 2002 British family romantic comedy sports film produced, written and directed by Gurinder Chadha, and starring Parminder Nagra, Keira Knightley, Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Anupam Kher, Juliet Stevenson, Shaznay Lewis and Archie Panjabi.\nThe film's title refers to the football player David Beckham, and his skill at scoring from free kicks by curling the ball past a wall of defenders. It follows the 18-year-old daughter of British Indian Sikhs in London. She is infatuated with football but her parents have forbidden her to play because she is a girl. She joins a local women's team, which makes its way to the top of the league.\nBend It Like Beckham was released theatrically on 12 April 2002 by Redbus Film Distribution, and on DVD and VHS on 18 November 2002 by Warner Home Video. The film was a surprise critical and commercial success. With a gross of $76.6 million at the box office, it is the highest-grossing sports film to focus on association football. A stage musical version opened at London's Phoenix Theatre on 24 June 2015.", "Q120980": "Sibylla Schwarz, also known as Sibylle Schwartz[in] (14 February 1621 in Greifswald \u2013 31 July 1638 in Greifswald) was a German poet of the Baroque era.", "Q310637": "Alexander Johan Hjalmar Skarsg\u00e5rd (Swedish: [al\u025bk\u02c8s\u01cen\u02d0d\u025br \u02c8sk\u0251\u030c\u02d0\u0282\u0261o\u02d0\u0256] (listen); born 25 August 1976) is a Swedish actor. He is best known for his roles as Brad \"Iceman\" Colbert in the miniseries Generation Kill (2008), Eric Northman in the television series True Blood (2008\u20132014), and Perry Wright in the television series Big Little Lies (2017\u20132019). The lattermost earned him several accolades, including a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award. He has also appeared in films such as Melancholia (2011) and The Legend of Tarzan (2016).", "Q9217": "Thai, Central Thai (historically Siamese; Thai: \u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22), is the official language of Thailand and the first language of the Central Thai people. It is a member of the Tai group of the Kra\u2013Dai language family, and one of over 60 languages of Thailand. Over half of Thai vocabulary is derived from or borrowed from Pali, Sanskrit, Mon and Old Khmer. It is a tonal and analytic language, similar to Chinese and Vietnamese.\nThai has a complex orthography and system of relational markers. Spoken Thai is mutually intelligible with Lao and Isan, fellow Southwestern Tai languages. These languages are written with slightly different scripts but are linguistically similar and effectively form a dialect continuum.", "Q1396131": "The Wright brothers \u2013 Orville (August 19, 1871 \u2013 January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 \u2013 May 30, 1912) \u2013 were two American aviation pioneers generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful motor-operated airplane. They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft with the Wright Flyer on December 17, 1903, 4 mi (6 km) south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. In 1904\u201305, the brothers developed their flying machine to make longer-running and more aerodynamic flights with the Wright Flyer II, followed by the first truly practical fixed-wing aircraft, the Wright Flyer III. The Wright brothers were also the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.\nThe brothers' breakthrough was their creation of a three-axis control system, which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain its equilibrium. This method remains standard on fixed-wing aircraft of all kinds. From the beginning of their aeronautical work, the Wright brothers focused on developing a reliable method of pilot control as the key to solving \"the flying problem\". This approach differed significantly from other experimenters of the time who put more emphasis on developing powerful engines. Using a small home-built wind tunnel, the Wrights also collected more accurate data than any before, enabling them to design more efficient wings and propellers. Their first U.S. patent did not claim invention of a flying machine, but a system of aerodynamic control that manipulated a flying machine's surfaces.The brothers gained the mechanical skills essential to their success by working for years in their Dayton, Ohio-based shop with printing presses, bicycles, motors, and other machinery. Their work with bicycles, in particular, influenced their belief that an unstable vehicle such as a flying machine could be controlled and balanced with practice. From 1900 until their first powered flights in late 1903, they conducted extensive glider tests that also developed their skills as pilots. Their shop employee Charlie Taylor became an important part of the team, building their first airplane engine in close collaboration with the brothers.\nThe Wright brothers' status as inventors of the airplane has been subject to counter-claims by various parties. Much controversy persists over the many competing claims of early aviators. Edward Roach, historian for the Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park, argues that they were excellent self-taught engineers who could run a small company, but they did not have the business skills or temperament to dominate the growing aviation industry.\n\n", "Q650796": "Claude Choublier, was a film screenwriter and scriptwriter.", "Q641843": "Arendo Joustra (born 19 July 1957, in Vlissingen) a Dutch writer and journalist.\nJoustra is the editor in chief of the Dutch newsweekly Elsevier and commentator on politics and the Dutch monarchy. He is co-author of books on the Dutch prime minister Ruud Lubbers and author of a book on the Danish writer Karen Blixen. He studied journalism at Iowa State University (1979\u20131980).", "Q7607037": "The Stella Adler Studio of Acting (formerly Stella Adler Conservatory) is a prestigious acting school that was founded by actress and teacher Stella Adler. The Stella Adler Studio of Acting has two locations: its original New York City conservatory, founded in 1949, and the Art of Acting Studio in Los Angeles . The Stella Adler Studio of Acting in New York is not affiliated with the Stella Adler Academy & Theatre, established in Los Angeles in 1985. The Stella Adler Studio and the Juilliard School currently boast the lowest program acceptance rates in the professional acting world. The studio only accepts sixteen students a semester into its professional conservatory program.", "Q1077405": "Christophe Kenner (December 25, 1929 \u2013 January 25, 1976) was an American, New Orleans-based R&B singer and songwriter, best known for two hit singles in the early 1960s, \"I Like It Like That\" and \"Land of 1000 Dances\", which became staples in the repertoires of many other musicians.", "Q117692": "George Bovet (27 November 1874, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland \u2013 20 May 1946) was a Swiss Politician from the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland (FDP).\nSon of former Chancellor of the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel, Heri Alphonse, he studied at Geneva before pursuing linguistic studies at the University of Berlin, then law at the University of Bern where he obtained his doctorate.\nHe began his career as a journalist at National Suisse of La Chaux-de-Fonds (1896-1898), then was the Bern political correspondent of the Revue of Lausanne, Le Temps of Paris, and the Frankfurter Zeitung (1898-1927).\nFrom 1910, he was also employed at the Federal Chancellery as translator then as secretary of the National Council from 1911, then finally as Vice-Chancellor from 1927. After the resignation of Robert K\u00e4slin, Bovet was elected Chancellor of Switzerland in 1935 following a difficult election facing SP candidate Oskar Leimgruber, who would eventually become Chancellor after Bovet.\nHe served as Chancellor until 1943 and during this period waives the second Francophone Vice Chancellor, assuming editorials himself in French. Bovet was the second French-speaking Chancellor. He resigned in 1943 and died three years later.", "Q1396657": "Fariborz Lachini (Persian: \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200e, born August 25, 1949) is a film score composer from Iran.", "Q660133": "Olten District is one of the ten districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, situated around the city of Olten. Together with the G\u00f6sgen District, it forms the electoral district of Olten-G\u00f6sgen. It has a population of 55,372 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q949184": "Antonio Jos\u00e9 Brack Egg (3 June 1940 \u2013 30 December 2014) was an agronomist engineer, an ecologist, and researcher. He was the first Peruvian Minister of the Environment. He is a national and international authority on issues pertaining to biological diversity and biocommercial development. He died after a brief hospitalization in 2014.Brack's Andes frog (Phrynopus bracki), a tiny frog occurring in the Yanachaga\u2013Chemill\u00e9n National Park that Brack help to establish, is named in his honor.", "Q12062": "Torgau is a town on the banks of the Elbe in northwestern Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district Nordsachsen.\nOutside Germany, the town is best known as the place where, on 25th April 1945, U.S. and Soviet forces first met near the end of the Second World War.", "Q178255": "This article is about the U.S. Representative from New Jersey. For the U.S. foreign policy specialist, see Edwin M. Wright.Edwin Ruthvin Vincent Wright (January 2, 1812 \u2013 January 21, 1871) was an American lawyer, editor and Democratic Party politician who represented New Jersey's 5th congressional district from 1865-1867.", "Q234795": "Alla Nazimova (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430; born Marem-Ides Leventon, Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043c-\u0418\u0434\u0435\u0441 \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d; June 3 [O.S. May 22] , 1879 \u2013 July 13, 1945) was a Russian-American actress.\nOn Broadway, she was noted for her work in the classic plays of Ibsen, Chekhov and Turgenev. Her efforts at silent film production were less successful, but a few sound-film performances survive as a record of her art.\nNazimova openly conducted relationships with women, and her mansion on Hollywood's Sunset Boulevard was believed to be the scene of outlandish parties. She is credited with having originated the phrase \"sewing circle\" as a discreet code for lesbian or bisexual actresses.", "Q1037021": "Mop Girl (\u30e2\u30c3\u30d7\u30ac\u30fc\u30eb, Moppu G\u0101ru) is a television drama series based on the novel of the same title by Miaki Kato (\u52a0\u85e4\u5b9f\u79cb, Kato Miaki); it recounts the adventures of Momoko Hasegawa, played by Keiko Kitagawa, who possesses the ability to travel back in time upon contact with belongings of a deceased person with unfinished business in life. She then has the chance to prevent the death of the would-be deceased.", "Q349024": "Eduard Raul Hellvig (born October 27, 1974) is a Romanian political scientist, journalist and politician who has served as director of the Romanian Intelligence Service (SRI) since 2015. A former member of the National Liberal Party (PNL) and previously of the Conservative Party (PC), he represented Bihor County in the Romanian Chamber of Deputies from 2004 to 2008, and sat for Ilfov County from 2012 to 2013. In the Victor Ponta cabinet, he was Minister of Regional Development and Tourism in 2012. During 2007, he was Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Romania, a position he once again took up in 2013, and which he left upon becoming SRI director.\n\n", "Q430970": "{blpsources}}\n\nLaura Michelle Kelly (born 4 March 1981) is an English actress and singer who is best known for playing the role of Mary Poppins in the musical of the same name and originating the role of Sylvia in Finding Neverland on Broadway.", "Q72796": "Fritz Riemann (September 15, 1902 in Chemnitz, Germany \u2013 August 24, 1979 in Munich, West Germany) was a German psychologist, psychoanalyst, astrologer, and author.\n\n", "Q680979": "Alirio D\u00edaz (12 November 1923 \u2013 5 July 2016) was a Venezuelan classical guitarist and composer, considered one of the most prominent composer-guitarists of South America and an eminent musician. He studied with Andr\u00e9s Segovia, and gave concerts all over the world.\nA guitar competition named Concurso Internacional de Guitarra Alirio D\u00edaz has been held in his honor in Caracas and other cities in Venezuela (the April 2006 contest was held in Carora). Many compositions have been dedicated to D\u00edaz including Spanish composer Joaqu\u00edn Rodrigo's Invocaci\u00f3n y Danza.", "Q571938": "Lazar \"Laza\" Ristovski (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041b\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0420\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438, pronounced [l\u01ce\u02d0za rist\u01d2\u028bski\u02d0]; 23 January 1956 \u2013 6 October 2007) was a Serbian and former Yugoslav keyboardist, known for being a member of rock bands Smak and Bijelo Dugme, as well as for his eclectic solo work that spawned many different musical genres.", "Q77836": "Carl Langbehn (6 December 1901 \u2013 12 October 1944) was a German lawyer and member of the resistance to Nazism.\nHe was born in Padang, Dutch East Indies. During the Weimar Republic, he was a member of the German People's Party. In 1933, he joined the Nazi Party, but during the 1930s he began to grow increasingly critical of the regime. He was an acquaintance of Heinrich Himmler as their daughters attended the same school. By 1943, he was aware that Himmler was interested in the idea of negotiating peace behind Adolf Hitler's back. He introduced him to Johannes Popitz who suggested a coup d'\u00e9tat as the war was lost, but Himmler was not interested. \nLangbehn was also a friend and adviser to Christabel Bielenberg and her husband Peter. In September 1943, he travelled to Switzerland and met with Allen Welsh Dulles of the Office of Strategic Services to determine the intention of the Allies and learnt that they wanted an unconditional surrender from Germany. \nUpon his return, he was arrested by the Gestapo, tried by the People's Court, sentenced to death by Roland Freisler, and hanged at Pl\u00f6tzensee prison, Berlin.", "Q268940": "Lou Doillon (born 4 September 1982 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) is a French singer-songwriter, artist, actress and model.", "Q282341": "Jason Smith (born 31 May 1984) is an Australian actor, writer and singer best known for his roles in Home and Away and Power Rangers Jungle Fury.", "Q593765": "Louis-Phillip \"Phil\" Edmonston (born May 26, 1944 in Washington, D.C.) is a Canadian consumer advocate, writer, journalist, and former politician. Along with Andrew Scheer, he is one of the few politicians with dual American and Canadian citizenship to be elected to the Parliament of Canada.He is best known for his series of annual Lemon-Aid car guides. Edmonston now lives in Panama.", "Q624771": "Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from inept use of props such as saws and ladders.The term arises from a device developed for use in the broad, physical comedy style known as commedia dell'arte in 16th-century Italy. The \"slap stick\" consists of two thin slats of wood, which make a \"slap\" when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud\u2014and comical\u2014sound. The physical slap stick remains a key component of the plot in the traditional and popular Punch and Judy puppet show.", "Q497271": "Eric Ivan Cantor (born June 6, 1963) is a former American politician and lawyer who served as the United States representative for Virginia's 7th congressional district from 2001 until 2014. As a member of the Republican Party, he became House Majority Leader when the 112th Congress convened on January 3, 2011. He previously served as House Minority Whip from 2009 until 2011.\nHis district included most of the northern and western sections of Richmond, along with most of Richmond's western suburbs and, until redistricting in 2013, portions of the Shenandoah Valley. Cantor was the highest-ranking Jewish member of Congress in its history, and at the time of his resignation, the only non-Christian Republican in either house.In June 2014, in his bid for re-election, Cantor lost the Republican primary to economics professor Dave Brat in an upset that greatly surprised political analysts. In response Cantor announced his early resignation as House Majority Leader, and several weeks later, he announced his resignation from Congress, which took effect August 18, 2014. Immediately thereafter, Cantor accepted a position as vice chairman of investment bank Moelis & Company.", "Q403362": "Richard Douglas Lane (1936\u20132002) was an American scholar, author, collector, and dealer of Japanese art. He lived in Japan for much of his life, and had a long association with the Honolulu Museum of Art in Hawaii, which now holds his vast art collection.", "Q445337": "Bronson Alcott Pinchot (born May 20, 1959) is an American actor and voice artist. He is best known for playing Balki Bartokomous in the ABC sitcom Perfect Strangers (1986\u201393). He also performed in films, such as Risky Business (1983), Beverly Hills Cop (1984), True Romance (1993), Beverly Hills Cop III (1994), It's My Party (1996), Courage Under Fire (1996) and The First Wives Club (1996), as well as on television series, such as The Prankster in Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman. In 2012, he starred in his own reality series, The Bronson Pinchot Project on the DIY Network.\nPinchot has worked extensively as an audiobook narrator, with over 100 recordings as of 2014. AudioFile magazine recognized him as Best Voice in Fiction & Classics for his 2010 renderings of Flannery O'Connor's Everything That Rises Must Converge (1965), Karl Marlantes's Matterhorn: A Novel of the Vietnam War (2009) and David Vann's Caribou Island (2011).\n\n", "Q871369": "Mozarteum University Salzburg, or officially in German Universit\u00e4t Mozarteum Salzburg, is one of three affiliated but separate entities under the \u201cMozarteum\u201d moniker in that Austrian city. (The International Mozarteum Foundation and the Mozarteum Orchestra Salzburg are the other two.) It specializes in music and the dramatic arts and, like its affiliates, was established in honour of Salzburg-born musician Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.", "Q92110": "Karl or Carl August G\u00f6rner (29 January 1806, Berlin - 9 April 1884, Hamburg) was a German actor, director and playwright.", "Q3638724": "Bernardino Nogara (June 17, 1870 \u2014 November 15, 1958) was the financial advisor to the Vatican between 1929 and 1954, appointed by Pope Pius XI and retained by Pope Pius XII as the first Director of the Special Administration of the Holy See. According to historian John F. Pollard, Nogara laid \"the foundations\" for \"one of the biggest pillars for the Vatican's post-Second World War financial strength.\"Nogara's career was characterized by an \"ability to move fluidly in the highest circles of industry and politics as well as the Church\". In his role as Director of the Special Administration, Nogara made large investments in many of the largest companies in Europe, personally becoming a board member of a \"mind-boggling\" number of firms, and appointing directors to many others.Though a Catholic with several close relatives in the Holy Orders, Nogara insisted that his investments remain unrestricted by religious or doctrinal considerations. Under Pius XI, Nogara made large investments in firms contrary to Catholic social teaching and made direct loans to Mussolini's government prior to Mussolini's 1935 invasion of Ethiopia. Under Pius XII, Nogara routinely invested in firms that profited from and enabled the war effort of the Axis powers during World War II. Though these investments were hidden from the Allies (with whom Nogara also transacted), through the use of holding companies and offshore banking centers, under Nogara \"like water finding a downhill path, Vatican money found its way to the grisly side of the Holocaust\". However, other than a Vatican purchase in May 1940 of a minor shareholding in an Italian insurance company, La Fondaria, no primary source evidence has ever been offered in support of these latter claims, while documents recently discovered in The National Archives, London (in the T231 and T160 series) reveal that Nogara transferred the Vatican's entire foreign investment portfolio to the United States at the beginning of the war, and throughout the duration of the war was actively accumulating a substantial portfolio of stocks in British and American war related industries in support of the Allied war effort. By contrast no document has yet been produced to substantiate the claim that any funds were invested in Germany.", "Q49714": "Otto Willi Gail (18 July 1896 \u2013 29 March 1956) was a German science journalist and author.\nGail was born in Gunzenhausen, Mittelfranken. He studied electrical engineering and physics at the Technical University Munich. He worked for newspapers and radio broadcasting and wrote non-fiction books about physics, astronomy and space travel. He also wrote science fiction novels to delight the youth for these themes. He had good relations to the German space pioneers Max Valier and Hermann Oberth. As a result of these relationships he acquired special knowledge that influenced his books and gave them much details. His novels were translated into American English and influenced early American utopian literature. He died in Munich.\nR. D. Mullen noted that Der Schu\u00df ins All is \"justly famous for the realistic detail with which it depicts the construction of a rocket ship, its launching into space, and the experiences of its crew.\"Of (the English version of) Hans Hardts Mondfahrt, Robert Godwin writes \"this novel for young adults is an accurate mirror of many of the space travel concepts that have been discussed by pre-war European experts,\" and continues, \"Otto Willi Gail was one of the most popular science fiction authors in Germany during the early 20th century.\" Wonder Stories compared By Rocket to the Moon to the work of Jules Verne, saying \"The style is easy and rapid, and the story moves along with facility\".", "Q633219": "Robert Gordon (born March 29, 1947) is an American musician and actor, best known as a neo-rockabilly singer.", "Q258897": "Narcisse Louis Pierre Fournier (24 November 1803 \u2013 24 April 1880) was a French journalist, novelist and playwright.", "Q2045695": "Shock rock is the combination of rock music or heavy metal music with highly theatrical live performances emphasizing shock value. Performances may include violent or provocative behavior from the artists, the use of attention-grabbing imagery such as costumes, masks, or face paint, or special effects such as pyrotechnics or fake blood. Shock rock also often includes elements of horror.\nA 2014 article in The Guardian states, \"British rock always was more theatrical than its US counterpart. Often this involved destruction or macabre gimmickry: The Move smashing TV sets, Arthur Brown and his flaming helmet. \"That's why most people thought we were British at first\" said Alice Cooper.", "Q1970500": "Vicki Brown (23 August 1940 \u2013 16 June 1991) was an English pop, rock and contemporary classical singer. She was a member of both The Vernons Girls and The Breakaways and was the first wife of fellow singer and musician Joe Brown and mother of the singer Sam Brown.", "Q3098911": "Stuyvesant High School (pronounced ) commonly referred to as Stuy (pronounced ) is a specialized high school in New York City, United States. Operated by the New York City Department of Education, these specialized schools offer tuition-free accelerated academics to city residents. Stuyvesant is a college-preparatory high school. Many world-class leaders, technologists, and magnates graduated from Stuyvesant High School, including an assortment of Nobel Prize winners.\nStuyvesant was established as an all-boys school in the East Village of Manhattan in 1904. An entrance examination was mandated for all applicants starting in 1934, and the school started accepting female students in 1969. Stuyvesant moved to its current location at Battery Park City in 1992 because the student body had become too large to be suitably accommodated in the original campus. The old building now houses several high schools.\nAdmission to Stuyvesant involves passing the Specialized High Schools Admissions Test. Every March, the 800 to 850 applicants with the highest SHSAT scores out of the around 30,000 eighth- and ninth-graders who apply to Stuyvesant are accepted. The school has a wide range of extracurricular activities, including a theater competition called SING! and two student publications. Notable alumni include physicists Brian Greene and Lisa Randall, mathematician Paul Cohen, chemist Roald Hoffmann and genome researcher Eric Lander.", "Q181182": "Hassan Nasrallah (Arabic: \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u200e [\u0127asan nas\u02e4r\u0251\u026b\u026b\u0251h]; born 31 August 1960) is the third and current Secretary General of the Lebanese political and paramilitary party Hezbollah since his predecessor, Abbas al-Musawi, was assassinated by the Israel Defense Forces in February 1992. Nasrallah is often referred to as \"al-Sayyid Hassan\" (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0651\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646), the honorific \"Sayyid\" denoting a claim of descent from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandson Husain ibn Ali. Under his tenure, Hezbollah has been designated a terrorist organization, either wholly or in part, by the United States and other nations, as well as by the European Union. Russia rejects the claims that Hezbollah is a terrorist organization, and considers Hezbollah a legitimate sociopolitical organization. The People's Republic of China remains neutral, and maintains contacts with Hezbollah.", "Q58619": "Akele Hum Akele Tum (I'm Alone, You Are Alone) is a 1995 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film starring Aamir Khan, Manisha Koirala and Master Adil, and directed by Mansoor Khan. The music is by Anu Malik and the lyrics are by Majrooh Sultanpuri. The film was based on the American film Kramer vs. Kramer. Both Aamir and Manisha's performance were acclaimed, the latter also received a nomination under the Best Actress Category at the Filmfare Awards. The film was also nominated in the Best Film Category.", "Q47739": "Zhuang Zhou (), commonly known as Zhuangzi (; Chinese: \u838a\u5b50; literally \"Master Zhuang\"; also rendered as Chuang Tzu), was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th century BC during the Warring States period, a period corresponding to the summit of Chinese philosophy, the Hundred Schools of Thought. He is credited with writing\u2014in part or in whole\u2014a work known by his name, the Zhuangzi, which is one of the foundational texts of Taoism.", "Q234959": "Hayley Elizabeth Atwell (born 5 April 1982) is a British-American actress. Born and raised in London, Atwell studied acting at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, and made her stage debut in the play Prometheus Bound in 2005. She appeared in multiple West End productions and on television, gaining recognition for her breakthrough role as Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire in The Duchess (2008), for which she was nominated for a British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her leading performance in the television miniseries The Pillars of the Earth (2010) earned her a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Miniseries or Television Film, followed by a Laurence Olivier Award nomination for her acclaimed stage performance in the 2010 production of A View from the Bridge. Atwell rose to prominence for her portrayal of Peggy Carter in the superhero film Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), a role she would reprise in the action-adventure series Agent Carter (2015\u20132016) and the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Antman (2015), and Avengers: Endgame (2019). She has since had film roles in the war drama Testament of Youth (2014), the romantic fantasy Cinderella (2015), and the fantasy comedy Christopher Robin (2018). On the stage, Atwell achieved a Laurence Olivier Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress in A View from the Bridge (2010) and nominations for Best Actress for her leading performances in The Pride (2013) and Rosmersholm (2020).", "Q254075": "Tahyna MacManus (n\u00e9e Tozzi) (born 24 April 1986) is an Australian director, writer and producer. Tahyna began her career as an actress, starring in several television and film blockbusters including X-Men Origins: Wolverine. In 2014, Tahyna wrote and directed her first short film \"OREN\" which debuted on the international festival circuit. In 2017, Tahyna she co-founded an all female led production company Neon Jane Productions alongside producer Kelly Tomasich. In 2020 the duo launched The Australian Womens Film Festival, a short film festival celebrating women in film and honouring those who have made a significant contribution to the industry.", "Q384056": "Kaoru (\u85ab, Kaoru, born February 17, 1974 in Hy\u014dgo) is a Japanese musician, best known as the leader and one of the guitarists of the extreme metal band Dir En Grey. He has been with the group since its inception in 1997 and was previously a member of La:Sadie's. He has composed most of Dir en grey's songs (at least up to the Vulgar album, at which individual credits for the music were dropped). His contributions display a fair amount of variety, ranging from slow ballads such as \"Zakuro\" to upbeat numbers like \"Jessica\". He performs many solos for the band, which vary strongly in feeling and tempo, similar to his compositions. Kaoru cites X Japan guitarist hide as his biggest influence and the reason he plays guitar, saying \"If I had never known him, I wouldn\u2019t be who I am today.\" Revealing \"Kaoru\" to be his birth name in his book Dokugen (\u8aad\u5f26), he's one of the two Dir En Grey members with a known real name, along with Shinya.\nSince 2014, Kaoru has suffered from nerve paralysis, and has sometimes resorted to taping his guitar plectrum to his hand. In 2015, he hosted a radio program, \"The Freedom Of Expression\".", "Q97068": "Friedrich Christoph F\u00f6rster (24 September 1791 in M\u00fcnchengosserst\u00e4dt on the Saale \u2013 8 November 1868 in Berlin) was a German historian and poet.", "Q532801": "Angela Jursitzka (born 1938 in \u010cesk\u00e1 L\u00edpa) is an Austrian journalist and writer. In 1946, she was expelled from Czechoslovakia together with the majority of Sudeten Germans, and came to Tyrol. At the age of 50, she began to write.", "Q131127": "Banja Luka (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0411\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u041b\u0443\u043a\u0430, pronounced [b\u01ce\u0272a l\u01d4\u02d0ka] (listen)) or Banjaluka (\u0411\u0430\u045a\u0430\u043b\u0443\u043a\u0430 [ba\u0272al\u01d4\u02d0ka]) is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the de facto capital of its Republika Srpska entity. It is the traditional centre of the densely-forested Bosanska Krajina region of northwestern Bosnia. According to the 2013 census, the city proper has a population of 138,963, while its administrative area comprises a total of 185,042 inhabitants.\nThe city is home to the University of Banja Luka as well as numerous state and entity institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The city lies on the Vrbas River and is well known in the countries of the former Yugoslavia for being full of tree-lined avenues, boulevards, gardens, and parks.", "Q457727": "George Duning (February 25, 1908 \u2013 February 27, 2000) was an American musician, and film composer. He was born in Richmond, Indiana, United States, and educated in Cincinnati, Ohio at the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, where his mentor was Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco.", "Q14407": "Lake Z\u00fcrich (Swiss German/Alemannic: Z\u00fcrisee; German: Z\u00fcrichsee) is a lake in Switzerland, extending southeast of the city of Z\u00fcrich. Depending on the context, Lake Z\u00fcrich or Z\u00fcrichsee can be used to describe the lake as a whole, or just that part of the lake downstream of the Seedamm at Rapperswil, whilst the part upstream of Rapperswil may be called the Obersee or Upper Lake.", "Q4919368": "Monika von Habsburg iure uxoris Duchess of Sant\u00e1ngelo (n\u00e9e Monika Maria Roberta Antonia Raphaela Habsburg-Lothringen; born 13 September 1954, in W\u00fcrzburg) is the daughter of Otto von Habsburg and Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen.\n\n", "Q86165": "Elisabeth \"Sissy\" Waldheim (n\u00e9e Ritschel; 13 April 1922 \u2013 28 February 2017) was an Austrian political figure and the wife of Kurt Waldheim, the UN Secretary-General and President of Austria. She was the First Lady of Austria from 1986 to 1992.\nShe was born in Vienna as the eldest of three sisters to Wilhelm Ritschel and his wife Hildegard. Her paternal grandfather was a military official in the imperial army. After the fall of the Habsburg empire, he became an entrepreneur. Elisabeth was named after the former Austrian empress of the same name and nicknamed \"Sissy\".\nWaldheim decided to study law at University of Vienna, where she first met Kurt Waldheim. On 19 August 1944, in the middle of the Second World War, the couple married in Vienna. Their first daughter, Lieselotte, was born in 1945. According to her husband's New York Times obituary, \"[s]he was an ardent Nazi who before the war had renounced her Roman Catholic faith and joined the League of German Maidens, the young women\u2019s equivalent of the Hitler Youth. She applied for Nazi Party membership as soon as she was old enough, and was accepted in 1941\".She gave up her own job in order to support her husband's diplomatic and political career. He became the Foreign Minister of Austria and UN Secretary General. In 1986, he was elected President of Austria and she became Austria's First Lady. The couple had three children: daughter Lieselotte Waldheim-Natural works for the United Nations, daughter Christa Waldheim-Karas became an artist (she is married to Othmar Karas, Austrian Member of the European Parliament), and son Gerhard Waldheim is an investment banker. She spoke German, English and French. She died on 28 February 2017 at the age of 94.", "Q1028115": "Greg Kot (born March 3, 1957) is an American music journalist and author. Since 1990, Kot has been the music critic at the Chicago Tribune, where he covers popular music and reports on music-related social, political and business issues. Kot cohosts Sound Opinions which introduces itself as \"the world's only rock 'n' roll talk show,\" nationally syndicated through Chicago Public Radio, WBEZ-FM (91.5 MHz).Kot's books include Wilco: Learning How to Die, Ripped: How the Wired Generation Revolutionized Music, and I'll Take You There: Mavis Staples, the Staple Singers and the March up Freedom's Highway. He co-authored The Beatles vs. The Rolling Stones: Sound Opinions on the Great Rock 'n' Roll Rivalry (Voyageur Press) with his Sound Opinions co-host Jim DeRogatis. His music criticism and journalism has appeared in Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Cash: By the Editors of Rolling Stone, Harrison: A Rolling Stone tribute to George Harrison, The Trouser Press Guide to '90s Rock, The Rolling Stone Album Guide and MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide. A longtime contributor to Rolling Stone, Kot has written for a dozen national publications, including Details, Blender, Entertainment Weekly, Men's Journal, Guitar World, Vibe and Request.\n\n", "Q300356": "A Chinese Ghost Story (Chinese: \u5029\u5973\u5e7d\u9b42; Wade\u2013Giles: Ch'ien-n\u00fc Yu-hun; literally: 'The Ethereal Spirit of a Beauty') is a 1987 Hong Kong romantic comedy horror film starring Leslie Cheung, Joey Wong and Wu Ma, directed by Ching Siu-tung and produced by Tsui Hark. The plot is loosely based on a short story about Nie Xiaoqian from Qing dynasty writer Pu Songling's Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio and is also inspired by the 1960 Shaw Brothers Studio film The Enchanting Shadow. The film was popular in Hong Kong and several Asian countries, including South Korea and Japan. Although the film could not gain access to movie theaters in mainland China when it was first released, it became a cult classic among young people in the mainland, especially the generation born in the 1980s. Most notably it boosted the stardom of Joey Wong, won Leslie Cheung popularity in Japan, and sparked a trend of folklore ghost films in the Hong Kong film industry, including two sequels, an animated film, a television series and a 2011 remake. The film was ranked number 50 of the Best 100 Chinese Motion Pictures presented at the 24th Hong Kong Film Awards.", "Q86603": "Franz Suchomel (3 December 1907 \u2013 18 December 1979) was a Sudeten German Nazi war criminal. He participated in the Action T4 euthanasia program, in Operation Reinhard, and the Einsatzgruppen actions in the Adriatic operational zone. He was convicted at the Treblinka trials in September 1965 and spent four years in prison.", "Q1892591": "Marc Edwards (born July 23, 1949) is a free jazz drummer who has played and recorded with artists such as Cecil Taylor, Charles Gayle, and David S. Ware. His influences include Charlie Parker and Buddy Rich. He is currently playing with a project with Weasel Walter, and with his own group, Marc Edwards Slipstream Time Travel, an afrofuturistic free jazz ensemble. Many of his solo works have a science fiction theme. He also plays in the band Cellular Chaos, his first foray into rock drumming.", "Q110857": "The Liberals (Swedish: Liberalerna, L) is a liberal political party in Sweden. It was a part of the Alliance centre-right coalition government led by Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt from 2006 to 2014. The party is the seventh-largest party in the Swedish Riksdag. Until 22 November 2015 it was known as the Liberal People's Party (Folkpartiet liberalerna). The party is a member of the Liberal International and Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.\nWhile the party historically was positioned in the centre of the Swedish political landscape, willing to cooperate with both the political left and the right, it has since the leaderships of Lars Leijonborg and Jan Bj\u00f6rklund in the 2000s positioned itself more towards the right. The party's policies include action toward a free market economy and pushing for Sweden to join NATO and the Eurozone, as well as investing in nuclear power; it also focuses on gender equality, the school system and quality education.In February 2019 following the conclusion of government negotiations Jan Bj\u00f6rklund announced his intention to step down from the leadership position after 11 years at the helm of the Liberals. He was succeeded by Nyamko Sabuni in June 2019.\n\n", "Q505713": "Enrico Mylius Dalgas K.1 D.M. F.M.I (16 July 1828 \u2013 16 April 1894) was a Danish engineer who pioneered the soil melioration of Jutland.", "Q300430": "Gerald Simpson (born 16 February 1967), better known as A Guy Called Gerald, is a British DJ, record producer and musician. He was an early member of 808 State, and later achieved success as a solo artist. He is best known for his early work in the Manchester acid house scene in the late 1980s and the track \"Voodoo Ray\". His style developed during the early 1990s, and his 1995 album Black Secret Technology would become a \"much-touted candidate for 'best jungle album ever.'", "Q458372": "John Greenleaf Whittier (December 17, 1807 \u2013 September 7, 1892) was an American Quaker poet and advocate of the abolition of slavery in the United States. Frequently listed as one of the fireside poets, he was influenced by the Scottish poet Robert Burns. Whittier is remembered particularly for his anti-slavery writings as well as his book Snow-Bound.", "Q111591": "John Watson Lawrence (August 19, 1800 \u2013 December 20, 1888) was a U.S. Representative from New York.\nBorn in Flushing, New York, on August 19, 1800, Lawrence attended the local schools. He engaged as a mercantile clerk. He served as president of the village of Flushing 1835\u20131845. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Queens Co.) in 1841 and 1842. He was extensively interested in banking.\nLawrence was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1845 \u2013 March 3, 1847). He resumed banking pursuits. Trustee of the village of Flushing from 1860 on 1875.\nHe married Mary King Bowne, daughter of Walter Bowne and had 10 children. He died in Flushing, New York on December 20, 1888. He was interred in Flushing Cemetery.", "Q291329": "Kamo no Ch\u014dmei (\u9d28 \u9577\u660e, 1153 or 1155\u20131216) was a Japanese author, poet (in the waka form), and essayist. He witnessed a series of natural and social disasters, and, having lost his political backing, was passed over for promotion within the Shinto shrine associated with his family. He decided to turn his back on society, took Buddhist vows, and became a hermit, living outside the capital. This was somewhat unusual for the time, when those who turned their backs on the world usually joined monasteries. Along with the poet-priest Saigy\u014d he is representative of the literary recluses of his time, and his celebrated essay H\u014dj\u014dki (\"An Account of a Ten-Foot-Square Hut\") is representative of the genre known as \"recluse literature\" (s\u014dan bungaku).", "Q178527": "Arpad Miklos (born P\u00e9ter Kozma, 11 September 1967 \u2013 3 February 2013), known under various pseudonyms was a Hungarian pornographic actor who appeared in gay pornographic films.", "Q202555": "Gabriel Bonnot de Mably (Grenoble, 14 March 1709 \u2013 2 April 1785 in Paris), sometimes known as Abb\u00e9 de Mably, was a French philosopher, historian, and writer, who for a short time served in the diplomatic corps. He was a popular 18th-century writer.", "Q161076": "Paul Reynaud (French: [p\u0254l \u0281\u025bjno]; 15 October 1878 \u2013 21 September 1966) was a French politician and lawyer prominent in the interwar period, noted for his stances on economic liberalism and militant opposition to Germany.\nAfter the outbreak of World War II Reynaud became the penultimate Prime Minister of the Third Republic in March 1940. He was also vice-president of the Democratic Republican Alliance center-right party. Reynaud was Prime Minister during the German defeat of France in May and June 1940; he persistently refused to support an armistice with Germany and resigned on 16 June. After unsuccessfully attempting to flee France, he was arrested by Philippe Petain's administration. Surrendering to German custody in 1942, he was imprisoned in Germany and later Austria until liberation in 1945.\nElected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1946, he became a prominent figure again in French political life, serving in several cabinet positions. He favoured a United States of Europe, and participated in drafting the constitution for the Fifth Republic, but resigned from government in 1962 after disagreement with President de Gaulle over changes to the electoral system.", "Q43239": "Ballaigues is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q195691": "Amandla Stenberg (born October 23, 1998) is an American actress and singer, who was included in Time's list of Most Influential Teens in both 2015 and 2016. In 2016, she was included in Oprah Winfrey's SuperSoul 100 list of visionaries and influential leaders.Stenberg is best known for her work in feature films, which include The Hunger Games (2012) in which she portrayed Rue, Everything, Everything (2017) in which she portrayed Madeline Whittier, and The Hate U Give (2018) in which she portrayed Starr Carter.", "Q44556": "Johann \"Jack\" Unterweger (16 August 1951 \u2013 29 June 1994) was an Austrian serial killer who committed murder in several countries. Initially convicted in 1974 of a single murder, he began to write extensively while in prison. His work gained the attention of the Austrian literary elite, who took it as evidence that he had been rehabilitated. After significant lobbying, he was released on parole in 1990.\nAfter his release, he became a minor celebrity and worked as a playwright and journalist, but within months he began to kill women serially. After being convicted of an additional nine murders in 1994, he committed suicide in prison by hanging himself.", "Q3048": "Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras (; French: [\u0283a\u0281l mo\u0281as]; 20 April 1868 \u2013 16 November 1952) was a French author, politician, poet, and critic. He was an organizer and principal philosopher of Action Fran\u00e7aise, a political movement that was monarchist, anti-Semitic, anti-parliamentarist, and counter-revolutionary. Maurras' ideas greatly influenced National Catholicism and \"nationalisme int\u00e9gral\". A major tenet of integral nationalism was stated by Maurras as \"a true nationalist places his country above everything\". He was one of the few eminent and probably the most important of all French ethnic nationalists, being naturally opposed to republican universalism and liberalism, advocating for corporatism, order, hierarchy and an organically decentralised France. A political theorist and a major intellectual influence in early 20th-century Europe, his views influenced several far-right ideologies; they also prefigured some of the ideas of fascism.", "Q165210": "Kim Young-sam (Korean: \uae40\uc601\uc0bc; Hanja: \u91d1\u6cf3\u4e09; Korean pronunciation: [ki.mj\u028c\u014b.sam] or [kim] [j\u028c\u014b.sam]; 20 December 1927 \u2013 22 November 2015) was a South Korean politician and democratic activist, who served as President of South Korea from 1993 to 1998. From 1961, he spent almost 30 years as one of the leaders of the South Korean opposition, and one of the most powerful rivals to the authoritarian regimes of Park Chung-hee and Chun Doo-hwan.\nElected president in 1992, Kim became the first civilian to hold the office in over 30 years. He was inaugurated on 25 February 1993, and served a single five-year term, presiding over a massive anti-corruption campaign, the arrest of his two predecessors, and an internationalization policy called Segyehwa.", "Q444983": "Marie Caroline Gibert de Lametz, (18 July 1793 \u2013 25 November 1879), was a French stage actress and a Princess Consort and regent de facto of Monaco by marriage to Florestan I, Prince of Monaco. \n\n", "Q29786": "Am\u00f3s Acero P\u00e9rez (31 March 1893 \u2013 16 May 1941) was Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politician under the Second Spanish Republic. He was born in Villaseca de la Sagra as the 3rd of 7 children. After the victory of the Nationalist faction in the Spanish Civil War, he was arrested by the new authorities. Following an investigation of his past by the Brigada Pol\u00edtico-Social, he was brought to trial and was executed by the government of Francisco Franco in Madrid.", "Q642386": "Anthony Spear is an American space exploration project manager most notable for leading the Mars Pathfinder mission for JPL/NASA in 1996. He retired from JPL in 1998. He is now seeking the Google Lunar X Prize with Red Whittaker, Astrobotic, and Carnegie Mellon University, where he received a B.S. degree in electrical engineering in 1962.", "Q229908": "Katherine Evelyn Anita Cassidy (born November 25, 1986) is an American actress and director. Following several minor television roles, she came to attention as a scream queen after starring in the horror films When a Stranger Calls (2006), as Kelli Presley in Black Christmas (2006) and as Ruby in the third season of the horror series Supernatural (2007\u201308). Following a supporting role in the action film Taken (2008), Cassidy played leading roles in the mystery horror series Harper's Island (2009) and the remake of the drama series Melrose Place (2009\u201310). She starred as Kris Fowles in the slasher film remake A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010) and had a recurring role as Juliet Sharp during the fourth season of the teen drama Gossip Girl (2010\u201312).\nCassidy had her breakthrough in 2012, after being cast as Laurel Lance / Black Canary, on The CW television series Arrow. Cassidy has reprised her role in the Arrowverse series The Flash and Legends of Tomorrow as well as voicing the character in the animated web series Vixen. Following her character's death in season 4 of Arrow, Cassidy began playing Laurel Lance / Black Siren, an antagonistic version of the character from a parallel universe, originating on The Flash and continuing on to Arrow.", "Q738358": "Lieutenant-General Sir John Bagot Glubb, KCB, CMG, DSO, OBE, MC, KStJ, KPM (16 April 1897 \u2013 17 March 1986), known as Glubb Pasha, was a British soldier, scholar and author, who led and trained Transjordan's Arab Legion between 1939 and 1956 as its commanding general. During the First World War, he served in France.", "Q28498": "Brendan Eugene Sexton III (born February 21, 1980) is an American actor.", "Q95119": "Delmer Lawrence Daves (July 24, 1904 \u2013 August 17, 1977) was an American screenwriter, director, producer, and actor.He was known for dramas and Western adventures, the two most acclaimed of these being Broken Arrow (1950) and 3:10 to Yuma (1957). In addition, Daves worked with some of the best known actors of the time; a few would make several movies with him, including Gary Cooper, Glenn Ford, Richard Egan, Alan Ladd, Troy Donahue, Ernest Borgnine, and Rossano Brazzi. He also launched soon-to-be-stars such as Anne Bancroft, Olivia Hussey, George C. Scott, Sandra Dee, and Charles Bronson.", "Q3382729": "Piero Sacerdoti (Milan, December 6, 1905 \u2013 Saint Moritz, December 30, 1966) was an Italian insurer and university professor, general manager of Riunione Adriatica di Sicurt\u00e0 in Milan from 1949 to his death.", "Q92676": "Jo\u00ebl de Rosnay, (born 12 June 1937) is Docteur \u00e8s Sciences and scientific writer, presently President of Biotics International, a consulting company specialized in the impact of new technologies on industries, and Special Advisor to the President of the Universcience (Cit\u00e9 des Sciences et de l'Industrie at La Villette et Palais de la D\u00e9couverte) of which he was Director of Forecasting and Assessment until June 2002.", "Q2597530": "Trumpeldor Cemetery (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d8\u05e8\u05d5\u05de\u05e4\u05dc\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8), often referred to as the \"Old Cemetery,\" is a historic cemetery on Trumpeldor Street in Tel Aviv, Israel. The cemetery covers 10.6 acres, and contains approximately 5,000 graves.", "Q932244": "The Sinhalese (Sinhala: \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d82\u0dc4\u0dbd \u0da2\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba Sinhala Jathiya), also known as Hela (Sinhala: \u0dc4\u0dd9\u0dc5) are an ethnic group native to the island of Sri Lanka. They constitute about 75% of the Sri Lankan population and number greater than 16.2 million. The Sinhalese identity is based on language, historical heritage and religion. The Sinhalese people speak Sinhala, an Indo-Aryan language, and are predominantly Theravada Buddhists, although a small percentage of Sinhalese follow branches of Christianity. The Sinhalese are mostly found in North Central, Central, South, and West Sri Lanka. According to the 5th century epic poem Mahavamsa and the Dipavamsa, a 3rd\u20135th century treatise written in Pali by Buddhist monks of the Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya in Sri Lanka, the Sinhalese descend from the Indo Aryan settlers who came to the island in 543 BCE from Sinhapura, in India, led by Prince Vijaya.\n\n", "Q49072": "Herman Wouk ( WOHK; May 27, 1915 \u2013 May 17, 2019) was an American author best known for historical fiction such as The Caine Mutiny (1951) which won the Pulitzer Prize.\nHis other major works include The Winds of War and War and Remembrance, historical novels about World War II, and non-fiction such as This Is My God, an explanation of Judaism from a Modern Orthodox perspective, written for Jewish and non-Jewish audiences. His books have been translated into 27 languages.The Washington Post called Wouk, who cherished his privacy, \"the reclusive dean of American historical novelists\". Historians, novelists, publishers, and critics who gathered at the Library of Congress in 1995 to mark Wouk's 80th birthday described him as an American Tolstoy.", "Q2598603": "Nuri Killigil, also known as Nuri Pasha (1889\u20131949) was an Ottoman general in the Ottoman Army. He was the half-brother of Ottoman Minister of War, Enver Pasha. During World War II, he helped to establish the Turkestan legion of the Schutzstaffel, the major paramilitary of Nazi Germany.", "Q123535": "Will Vesper (11 October 1882 in Barmen, Germany \u2013 14 March 1962 in Gut Triangel bei Gifhorn) was a German author and literary critic.\n\n", "Q541621": "Christopher Boyes is an American sound engineer. He has won four Academy Awards and has been nominated for another ten. He has worked on more than 70 films since 1991.", "Q303891": "Lewis Gilbert (6 March 1920 \u2013 23 February 2018) was a British film director, producer and screenwriter, who directed more than 40 films during six decades; among them such varied titles as Reach for the Sky (1956), Sink the Bismarck! (1960), Alfie (1966), Educating Rita (1983) and Shirley Valentine (1989), as well as three James Bond films: You Only Live Twice (1967), The Spy Who Loved Me (1977) and Moonraker (1979).", "Q11569": "Susan Dumais is an American computer scientist who is a leader in the field of information retrieval, and has been a significant contributor to Microsoft's search technologies.\nAccording to Mary Jane Irwin, who heads the Athena Lecture awards committee, \u201cHer sustained contributions have shaped the thinking and direction of human-computer interaction and information retrieval.\"\n\n", "Q481411": "Jean Bichelonne (24 December 1904 \u2013 22 December 1944) was a French businessman and member of the Vichy government that governed France during World War II following the occupation of France by Nazi Germany.", "Q132438": "Black metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. Common traits include fast tempos, a shrieking vocal style, heavily distorted guitars played with tremolo picking, raw (lo-fi) recording, unconventional song structures, and an emphasis on atmosphere. Artists often appear in corpse paint and adopt pseudonyms.\nDuring the 1980s, several thrash metal and death metal bands formed a prototype for black metal. This so-called first wave included bands such as Venom, Bathory, Mercyful Fate, Hellhammer and Celtic Frost. A second wave arose in the early 1990s, spearheaded by Norwegian bands such as Mayhem, Darkthrone, Burzum, Immortal, Emperor, Satyricon and Gorgoroth. The early Norwegian black metal scene developed the style of their forebears into a distinct genre. Norwegian-inspired black metal scenes emerged throughout Europe and North America, although some other scenes developed their own styles independently. Some prominent Swedish bands spawned during this second wave, the second generation in Sweden being led by Dissection, Abruptum, Marduk, and Nifelheim.Initially a synonym for \"Satanic metal\", black metal has often sparked controversy, due to the actions and ideologies associated with the genre. Many artists express extreme anti-Christian and misanthropic views, advocating various forms of Satanism or ethnic paganism. In the 1990s, members of the scene were responsible for a spate of church burnings and murders. There is also a small neo-Nazi movement within black metal, although it has been shunned by many prominent artists. Generally, black metal strives to remain an underground phenomenon.", "Q105294": "Christian Keymann (also Christian Keimann; 27 February 1607 \u2013 13 January 1662) was a German hymnwriter. He is known for writing the chorale \"Meinen Jesum la\u00df ich nicht\" in 1658, which served as the base for Bach's chorale cantata Meinen Jesum la\u00df ich nicht, BWV 124, and other compositions.", "Q200432": "Godzilla vs. Hedorah (\u30b4\u30b8\u30e9\u5bfe\u30d8\u30c9\u30e9, Gojira tai Hedora) is a 1971 Japanese kaiju film directed by Yoshimitsu Banno, written by Banno and Takeshi Kimura, and produced and distributed by Toho Studios. It is the 11th film in the Godzilla franchise, and features the fictional monster characters Godzilla and Hedorah. The film stars Akira Yamauchi, Toshie Kimura, and Hiroyuki Kawase, with special effects by Teruyoshi Nakano, and features Haruo Nakajima as Godzilla and Kenpachiro Satsuma as Hedorah. Satsuma would go on to portray Godzilla in later Godzilla films.\nGodzilla vs. Hedorah features an environmentalist message, with the malevolent Hedorah being spawned from pollution. The film was released theatrically in Japan on July 24, 1971. It received a theatrical release in the United States under the title Godzilla vs. the Smog Monster in April 1972 by American International Pictures, as a double feature with the American film Frogs.", "Q1545656": "The Grenchenberg (1,405 m) is a mountain of the Jura, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Solothurn. The mountain is named after the town of Grenchen, located on its south side.", "Q314335": "John Harrison (3 April [O.S. 24 March] 1693 \u2013 24 March 1776) was a self-educated English carpenter and clockmaker who invented the marine chronometer, a long-sought-after device for solving the problem of calculating longitude while at sea.\nHarrison's solution revolutionized navigation and greatly increased the safety of long-distance sea travel. The problem he solved was considered so important following the Scilly naval disaster of 1707 that the British Parliament offered financial rewards of up to \u00a320,000 (equivalent to \u00a33.17 million in 2020) under the 1714 Longitude Act.In 1730, Harrison presented his first design, and worked over many years on improved designs, making several advances in time-keeping technology, finally turning to what were called sea watches. Harrison gained support from the Longitude Board in building and testing his designs. Toward the end of his life, he received recognition and a reward from Parliament. Harrison came 39th in the BBC's 2002 public poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.", "Q173302": "Estonians (Estonian: eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to Estonia who speak the Estonian language and share a common culture and history.", "Q1348129": "Manuel Palau Boix (4 January 1893 \u2013 18 February 1967) was a Spanish composer and teacher in Valencia Conservatory. He wrote a large number of symphonic, band (wind orchestra), choral and chamber works. He was one of the most popular and important composers of his time. He received the Spanish National Music Award (Premio Nacional de M\u00fasica) twice, first in 1927 and again in 1945. His music is known within the Spanish classical music for being a representative of what it has been called \u201cMediterranean\u201d style, like other Spanish musicians such as Vicente Asencio or Oscar Espl\u00e1.\nThe cities of Valencia, Alfara del Patriarca, Ll\u00edria, Alaqu\u00e0s and Xirivella named streets after him. There is a Spanish choir called Manuel Palau in his honor.", "Q168044": "Francis Everod Rives (January 14, 1792 \u2013 December 26, 1861) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia. Born in Prince George County, near Petersburg, Virginia, Rives completed preparatory studies. He also served in the state militia during the War of 1812, stationed in Norfolk. Rives married Eliza Jane Pegram Rives (1802\u20131874), who survived him and bore several children, including a daughter, Mary Chieves Rives Frazer (1821\u20131851).", "Q787966": "Samuel Eli Cornish (1795 \u2013 6 November 1858) was an American Presbyterian minister, abolitionist, publisher, and journalist. He was a leader in New York City's small free black community, where he organized the first congregation of black Presbyterians in New York. In 1827 he became one of two editors of the newly founded Freedom's Journal, the first black newspaper in the United States. In 1833 he was a founding member of the interracial American Anti-Slavery Society.", "Q89240": "Franz Joseph, Ritter von Buss (23 March 1803, Zell am Harmersbach \u2013 31 January 1878, Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German Roman Catholic jurist, activist and politician.", "Q724001": "Philip Norman Bredesen Jr. (born November 21, 1943) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 48th Governor of Tennessee from 2003 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he was first elected in 2002 with 50.6% of the vote and reelected in 2006 with 68.6%. He previously served as the 66th Mayor of Nashville from 1991 to 1999. Bredesen is the founder of the HealthAmerica Corporation, which he sold in 1986.\nSince 2011, he has been chair of Silicon Ranch Corporation, a firm that develops and operates solar power stations. On December 6, 2017, Bredesen announced he would run for Bob Corker's open seat in the United States Senate, as Corker chose not to seek reelection in 2018. On August 2, 2018, he won the Democratic primary and faced off against Republican nominee Marsha Blackburn. He lost in the general election on November 6, 2018.\nBredesen has been widely characterized as a moderate Democrat who is fiscally conservative but socially liberal.", "Q291459": "Luz Machado (Ciudad Bol\u00edvar, February 3, 1916 \u2013 1999, pseudonym: \u00c1gata Cruz) was a Venezuelan political activist, journalist and poet. She founded the Circle of Venezuelan Writers (C\u00edrculo Escritores de Venezuela) and was a member of Bolivarian Society (Sociedad Bolivariana). She is a recipient of the National Prize for Literature.", "Q235489": "Kimberly Rhodes (born June 7, 1969) is an American actress, who is known for her portrayal as Ensign Lydnsey Ballard in \"Ashes to Ashes\" episode of Star Trek Voyager. She also portrayed the role of \"Cindy Harrison\" on two different soap operas, Another World and As the World Turns, as well as Carey Martin in the Disney Channel sitcom The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and The Suite Life on Deck, in which she played the mother of twins Zack and Cody (Dylan and Cole Sprouse). She is also known for playing Sheriff Jody Mills on Supernatural.", "Q1396655": "Yuri Dmitriyevich Maslyukov (Russian: \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044e\u043a\u043e\u0432; 30 September 1937 \u2013 1 April 2010) was a Russian politician who was in charge of the Gosplan for three years preceding the demise of the Soviet Union and first deputy prime minister in 1998-1999.", "Q12060": "Eduardo Rodriguez Larreta (11 December 1888 \u2013 15 August 1973) was a journalist and Uruguayan foreign minister in the 1940s.", "Q63699": "Eduard Friedrich M\u00f6rike (8 September 1804 \u2013 4 June 1875) was a German Lutheran pastor who was also a Romantic poet and writer of novellas and novels. Many of his poems were set to music and became established folk songs, while others were used by composers Hugo Wolf and Ignaz Lachner in their symphonic works.", "Q128460": "Charles Perrault ( perr-OH, also US: p\u0259-ROH, French: [\u0283a\u0281l p\u025b\u0281o]; 12 January 1628 \u2013 16 May 1703) was a French author and member of the Acad\u00e9mie Fran\u00e7aise. He laid the foundations for a new literary genre, the fairy tale, with his works derived from earlier folk tales, published in his Histoires ou contes du temps pass\u00e9. The best known of his tales include Le Petit Chaperon Rouge (Little Red Riding Hood), Cendrillon (Cinderella), Le Chat Bott\u00e9 (Puss in Boots), La Belle au bois Dormant (The Sleeping Beauty) and Barbe Bleue (Bluebeard). Some of Perrault's versions of old stories influenced the German versions published by the Brothers Grimm more than 100 years later. The stories continue to be printed and have been adapted to opera, ballet (such as Tchaikovsky's The Sleeping Beauty), theatre, and film. Perrault was an influential figure in the 17th-century French literary scene, and was the leader of the Modern faction during the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns.", "Q34919": "Elsie Eaves (May 5, 1898 \u2013 March 27, 1983) was a pioneering American female engineer, the first female associate member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), and a founding member of the American Association of Cost Engineers (now AACE International; the Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering).", "Q384040": "Julia is a 2008 French crime drama film, directed by Erick Zonca, starring Tilda Swinton. It was shot in California and Mexico. The film was inspired by the John Cassavetes film Gloria.", "Q75945": "Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Hardt (9 May 1876 \u2013 3 January 1947), born Ernst St\u00f6ckhardt, was a German playwright, poet, and novelist.\nHardt was born in Graudenz, West Prussia (now Grudzi\u0105dz, Poland).\nHe is the author of Priester des Todes (1898), Bunt ist das Leben (1902), An den Toren des Lebens (1904), and the plays Der Kampf ums Rosenrote (1903), Ninon von Lenclos (1905), Tantris der Narr (1907), Gudrun (1911), and Konig Salomo (1915). He was director of the National Theater in Weimar (1919\u201324), the Schauspiel K\u00f6ln in Cologne (1925), and the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (West German Broadcasting Co). (1926\u20131933).\nHe worked with Bertolt Brecht on some experimental radio broadcasts.He was removed from his position with by the Nazis.Hardt died in Ichenhausen.", "Q7075820": "The Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (OETA) was a joint British, French and Arab military administration over Levantine provinces of the former Ottoman Empire between 1918 and 1920, set up on 23 October 1918 following the Sinai and Palestine Campaign and Arab Revolt of World War I. Although it was declared by the British military, who were in control of the region, it was preceded on 30 September 1918 by the 1918 Anglo\u2013French Modus Vivendi in which it was agreed that the British would give the French control in certain areas, and the Hashemites were given joint control of the Eastern area per T.E. Lawrence's November 1918 \"Sharifian plan\".Following the occupation of the Adana Vilayet (the region of Cilicia) in December 1918, a new territory, OETA North, was set up.The administration ended in OETA West and OETA South in 1920 following the assignment of the French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon and British Mandate for Palestine at the 19\u201326 April 1920 San Remo conference.In OETA East, British administration ended following the withdrawal of British forces from the territory in November 1919, and the subsequent declaration of the Arab Kingdom of Syria over the same area. The area was split into two after the French defeated King Faisal in July 1920; the northern part of the territory was combined with the French-administered OETA West, and the southern part became a no man's land and later became the Emirate of Transjordan.", "Q44540": "Oskar Maria Graf (22 July 1894 \u2013 28 June 1967) was a German author.\nHe wrote several narratives about life in Bavaria, mostly autobiographical.\nIn the beginning Graf wrote under his real name Oskar Graf. After 1918, his works for newspapers were signed with the pseudonym Oskar Graf-Berg; for works he regarded as \"worth reading\", he used the name Oskar Maria Graf.", "Q97718": "Aleksandar Radenkovi\u0107 (born December 17, 1979) is a German actor.", "Q722316": "(Polish: Cmentarz Ewangelicko-Reformowany), The Evangelical Reformed Cemetery in Warsaw is a historic Calvinist Protestant cemetery located in the Wola district, western part of Warsaw, Poland.", "Q195687": "Allison Christin Mack (born July 29, 1982) is an American actress, known for her roles as Chloe Sullivan on the WB/CW series Smallville and as Amanda on the FX series Wilfred. She was arrested in Brooklyn by the FBI on April 20, 2018, on charges of sex trafficking, sex trafficking conspiracy, and forced labor conspiracy in relation to her role in the NXIVM organization. Mack pleaded guilty to racketeering charges in April 2019, and is awaiting sentencing.", "Q1891": "Bologna (, UK also , Italian: [bo\u02c8lo\u0272\u0272a] (listen); Bolognese: Bul\u00e5ggna [bu\u02c8l\u028c\u0272\u02d0a]; Latin: Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 390,000 inhabitants and 150 different nationalities. Its metropolitan area is home to more than 1,000,000 people.Originally Etruscan, the city has been one of the most important urban centres for centuries, first under the Etruscans, then under the Romans (Bononia), then again in the Middle Ages, as a free municipality and signoria, when it was among the largest European cities by population. Famous for its towers, churches and lengthy porticoes, Bologna has a well-preserved historical centre, thanks to a careful restoration and conservation policy which began at the end of the 1970s. Home to the oldest university in the world, the University of Bologna, established in AD 1088, the city has a large student population that gives it a cosmopolitan character. In 2000 it was declared European capital of culture and in 2006, a UNESCO \"City of Music\" and became part of the Creative Cities Network.Bologna is an important agricultural, industrial, financial and transport hub, where many large mechanical, electronic and food companies have their headquarters as well as one of the largest permanent trade fairs in Europe. According to the most recent data gathered by the European Regional Economic Growth Index (E-REGI) of 2009, Bologna is the first Italian city and the 47th European city in terms of its economic growth rate. As a consequence, Bologna is also one of the wealthiest cities in Italy, often ranking as one of the top cities in terms of quality of life in the country: in 2011 it ranked 1st out of 107 Italian cities.", "Q12706": "Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432 or \u041f\u0435\u0301\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432; 28 March [O.S. 16 March] 1868 \u2013 18 June 1936), primarily known as Maxim Gorky (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043c \u0413\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439), was a Russian and Soviet writer, a founder of the socialist realism literary method, and a political activist. He was also a five-time nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Around fifteen years before success as a writer, he frequently changed jobs and roamed across the Russian Empire; these experiences would later influence his writing. Gorky's most famous works were The Lower Depths (1902), Twenty-six Men and a Girl (1899), The Song of the Stormy Petrel (1901), My Childhood (1913\u20131914), Mother (1906), Summerfolk (1904) and Children of the Sun (1905). He had an association with fellow Russian writers Leo Tolstoy and Anton Chekhov; Gorky would later mention them in his memoirs.\nGorky was active with the emerging Marxist social-democratic movement. He publicly opposed the Tsarist regime, and for a time closely associated himself with Vladimir Lenin and Alexander Bogdanov's Bolshevik wing of the party. For a significant part of his life, he was exiled from Russia and later the Soviet Union. In 1932, he returned to the USSR on Joseph Stalin's personal invitation and lived there until his death in June 1936.", "Q128306": "Denton is a city in and the county seat of Denton County, Texas, United States. With an estimated population of 138,541 as of 2018, it is the 24th-most populous city in Texas, the 196th-most populous city in the United States, and the 12th-most populous city in the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth metroplex.\nA Texas land grant led to the formation of Denton County in 1846, and the city was incorporated in 1866. Both were named after pioneer and Texas militia captain John B. Denton. The arrival of a railroad line in the city in 1881 spurred population, and the establishment of the University of North Texas in 1890 and Texas Woman's University in 1901 distinguished the city from neighboring regions. After the construction of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport finished in 1974, the city had more rapid growth; as of 2011, Denton was the seventh-fastest growing city with a population over 100,000 in the country.\nLocated on the far north end of the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth metroplex in North Texas on Interstate 35, Denton is known for its active music life; the North Texas State Fair and Rodeo, Denton Arts and Jazz Festival, and 35 Denton Music Festival attract over 300,000 people to the city each year. The city experiences hot, humid summers and relatively few extreme weather events. Its diverse citizenry is represented by a nonpartisan city council, and numerous county and state departments have offices in the city. With over 45,000 students enrolled at the two universities located within its city limits, Denton is often characterized as a college town. As a result of the universities' growth, educational services play a large role in the city's economy. Residents are served by the Denton County Transportation Authority, which provides commuter rail and bus service to the area.", "Q233946": "Kate Elizabeth Voegele (; born December 8, 1986) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She made her musical debut in 2003, with the release of her The Other Side extended play. She performed numerous local live shows to promote the album, and toured with artists such as John Mayer. In 2005, she released her second extended play, Louder Than Words. Both had local success, and helped raise awareness of Voegele as an artist. During this time period, Voegele performed at events such as Farm Aid to promote her music, and began posting her music on popular social media network MySpace. She also won numerous awards and honors for her songwriting abilities.\nVoegele officially signed with Interscope Records in 2006, and immediately began working on her official debut album. Her first studio album, Don't Look Away, was released in 2007 to generally positive reviews. The album became her first to chart on the Billboard 200, and was re-released numerous times since its release. It spawned two singles, one of which charted on the Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart. While promoting this album, Voegele began appearing as Mia Catalano in the television series One Tree Hill. This made her acting debut, and helped promote her music. She would remain a recurring cast member for four seasons, lasting until 2011.\nVoegele released her second studio album, A Fine Mess in 2009. The album debuted at number 10 on the Billboard 200. It spawned one single, \"99 Times\", which became her most successful radio single in the US to date. Numerous promotional singles were released to promote the album, some of which had commercial success. In 2011, Voegele released her third studio album, Gravity Happens. This was her first album to be released through ATO Records. The album debuted and peaking at number 53 on the Billboard 200. Her fourth studio album, Canyonlands, was released in 2016.\n\n", "Q3767222": "Giovanni Ferrero (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292o\u02c8vanni fer\u02c8r\u025b\u02d0ro]; born 21 September 1964) is an Italian businessman. He assumed the leadership of the confectionery company Ferrero SpA after the death of his brother Pietro Ferrero in 2011. He has a net worth of $30.8 billion as of September 2019, according to Bloomberg.", "Q7099650": "Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Produced by Tilted Productions in association with Lionsgate Television, Orange Is the New Black premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013. In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season. On October 17, 2018, it was confirmed that the seventh season, which was released on July 26, 2019, would be its last.Orange Is the New Black has become Netflix's most-watched original series. It was widely acclaimed throughout its run, and has received many accolades. For its first season, the series garnered 12 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series, and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series, winning three. A new Emmy rule in 2015 forced the series to change categories from comedy to drama. For its second season, the series received four Emmy nominations, including Outstanding Drama Series, and Uzo Aduba won for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. Orange Is the New Black is the first series to score Emmy nominations in both comedy and drama categories. The series has also received six Golden Globe Award nominations, six Writers Guild of America Award nominations, a Producers Guild of America Award, an American Film Institute award, and a Peabody Award.", "Q553543": "Harold Elwin \"Bo\" Bice, Jr. (born November 1, 1975) is an American singer and musician who was the runner-up against Carrie Underwood in the fourth season of American Idol. Prior to auditioning for American Idol, Bice released a solo album as well as a few albums with his bands while performing in the night club circuit.\nBice charted in 2005 at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 with a rendition of \"Inside Your Heaven\" from American Idol. He released the album The Real Thing after American Idol to minor success before being dropped by RCA Records. He started his own record label Sugar Money and subsequently released two more albums, See the Light and 3. He was also the lead singer of Blood, Sweat & Tears.\n\n", "Q734574": "Dilipkumar Roy (22 January 1897 \u2013 6 January 1980) was an Indian musician, musicologist, novelist, poet and essayist. He was the son of Dwijendralal Ray. In 1965, the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama, awarded him its highest honour for lifetime achievement, the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship.", "Q9215": "Sigmund Freud ( FROYD; German: [\u02c8zi\u02d0km\u028ant \u02c8f\u0281\u0254\u028ft]; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 \u2013 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austrian Empire. He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the University of Vienna. Upon completing his habilitation in 1885, he was appointed a docent in neuropathology and became an affiliated professor in 1902. Freud lived and worked in Vienna, having set up his clinical practice there in 1886. In 1938, Freud left Austria to escape the Nazis. He died in exile in the United Kingdom in 1939.\nIn founding psychoanalysis, Freud developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association and discovered transference, establishing its central role in the analytic process. Freud's redefinition of sexuality to include its infantile forms led him to formulate the Oedipus complex as the central tenet of psychoanalytical theory. His analysis of dreams as wish-fulfillments provided him with models for the clinical analysis of symptom formation and the underlying mechanisms of repression. On this basis Freud elaborated his theory of the unconscious and went on to develop a model of psychic structure comprising id, ego and super-ego. Freud postulated the existence of libido, a sexualised energy with which mental processes and structures are invested and which generates erotic attachments, and a death drive, the source of compulsive repetition, hate, aggression and neurotic guilt. In his later works, Freud developed a wide-ranging interpretation and critique of religion and culture.\nThough in overall decline as a diagnostic and clinical practice, psychoanalysis remains influential within psychology, psychiatry, and psychotherapy, and across the humanities. It thus continues to generate extensive and highly contested debate with regard to its therapeutic efficacy, its scientific status, and whether it advances or is detrimental to the feminist cause. Nonetheless, Freud's work has suffused contemporary Western thought and popular culture. W. H. Auden's 1940 poetic tribute to Freud describes him as having created \"a whole climate of opinion / under whom we conduct our different lives.\"", "Q3333484": "Orthodoxy (from Greek \u1f40\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03b1 orthodox\u00eda \"righteous/correct opinion\") is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion. In the Christian sense the term means \"conforming to the Christian faith as represented in the creeds of the early Church.\" The first seven ecumenical councils were held between the years of 325 and 787 with the aim of formalizing accepted doctrines.\nIn some English-speaking countries, Jews who adhere to all the traditions and commandments as legislated in the Talmud are often called Orthodox Jews, although the term \"orthodox\" historically first described Christian beliefs.", "Q194599": "Return to Me is a 2000 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Bonnie Hunt and starring David Duchovny and Minnie Driver. It was filmed in Chicago and was released on April 7, 2000 by Metro\u2013Goldwyn\u2013Mayer. It was Carroll O'Connor's final film before his death the following year.\n\n", "Q156814": "Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin, (22 April 1916 \u2013 12 March 1999) was an American-born violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in Britain. He is widely considered one of the great violinists of the 20th century. He played the Soil Stradivarius, considered one of the finest violins made by Italian luthier Antonio Stradivari.", "Q110841": "Christoph Niemann (born 1970) is an illustrator, graphic designer, and children\u2019s book author. \nSince July 2008, Niemann has been writing and illustrating The New York Times blog Abstract City, renamed Abstract Sunday in 2011, when the blog moved to The New York Times Magazine. \n\n", "Q1649": "Oklahoma ( (listen)) is a state in the South Central region of the United States, bordered by the state of Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the north, Missouri on the northeast, Arkansas on the east, New Mexico on the west, and Colorado on the northwest. It is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States. Its residents are known as Oklahomans (or colloquially, \"Okies\"), and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.\nThe state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning \"red people\". It is also known informally by its nickname, \"The Sooner State\", in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on land before the official opening date of lands in the western Oklahoma Territory or before the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889, which increased European-American settlement in the eastern Indian Territory. Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged into the State of Oklahoma when it became the 46th state to enter the union on November 16, 1907.\nWith ancient mountain ranges, prairie, mesas, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains, Cross Timbers, and the U.S. Interior Highlands, all regions prone to severe weather. Oklahoma is on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives, a destination for Southern settlers, and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans. More than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma.A major producer of natural gas, oil, and agricultural products, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology. Both Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma's primary economic anchors, with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas.", "Q447244": "Gwen Bristow (September 16, 1903 \u2013 August 17, 1980) was an American author and journalist.", "Q12203730": "Thamir bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1937 \u2013 27 June 1958) was a member of the House of Saud. He died young and therefore held no important cabinet position; he committed suicide.", "Q204132": "Gerard Arthur Way (born April 9, 1977) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and comic book writer. He is best known as the lead vocalist and co-founder of the rock band My Chemical Romance. He released his debut solo album, Hesitant Alien, in 2014.\nWay is the co-founder of DC Comics' Young Animal imprint. He wrote the comic mini-series The True Lives of the Fabulous Killjoys and the Eisner Award-winning comic book series The Umbrella Academy, which was later adapted into a Netflix series released in 2019.", "Q167411": "The Counterfeiters (German: Die F\u00e4lscher) is a 2007 Austrian-German drama film written and directed by Stefan Ruzowitzky. It fictionalizes Operation Bernhard, a secret plan by Nazi Germany during World War II to destabilize the United Kingdom by flooding its economy with forged Bank of England pound notes. The film centres on a Jewish counterfeiter, Salomon 'Sally' Sorowitsch, who is coerced into assisting the operation at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.\nThe film is based on a memoir written by Adolf Burger, a Jewish Slovak typographer who was imprisoned in 1942 for forging baptismal certificates to save Jews from deportation, and was later interned at Sachsenhausen to work on Operation Bernhard. Ruzowitsky consulted closely with Burger through almost every stage of the writing and production. The film won the 2007 Best Foreign Language Film Oscar at the 80th Academy Awards.", "Q92660": "James Clark (born 23 February 1964) is the author of groff and expat, and has done much work with open-source software and XML. \nBorn in London and educated at Charterhouse and Merton College, Oxford, Clark has lived in Bangkok, Thailand since 1995, and is now a permanent resident. He owns a company called Thai Open Source Software Center, which provides him a legal framework for his open-source activities.\nFor the GNU project, he wrote groff, as well as an XML editing mode for GNU Emacs.\n\n", "Q256112": "Mercedes Alicia McNab (born March 14, 1980 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian retired actress whose most known performances include Harmony Kendall on Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997\u20132001) and its spinoff Angel (2001\u20132004). She is also known for her role as pretentious Amanda Buckman in Addams Family Values (1993) and Misty in the horror films Hatchet (2007) and Hatchet 2 (2010).", "Q66087": "H\u00e4ggenschwil is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of St. Gallen in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q49064": "Sandra Hall Magnus (born October 30, 1964) is an American engineer and a former NASA astronaut. She returned to Earth with the crew of STS-119 Discovery on March 28, 2009, after having spent 134 days in orbit. She was assigned to the crew of STS-135, the final mission of the Space Shuttle. She is also a licensed amateur radio operator with the call sign KE5FYE. From 2012 until 2018 Magnus was the executive director of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.", "Q831029": "Nouvelle Vague is a French cover band led by musicians Olivier Libaux and Marc Collin. Their name means \"new wave\" in French, and refers simultaneously to the French New Wave cinema movement of the 1960s, to the new wave music movement of the 1970s and 1980s, which provides many of the songs that the band cover, and to bossa nova (Portuguese for \"new wave\"), a musical style that the band frequently uses in its arrangements.The group's recordings and live performances have featured a large rotating cast of mostly female vocalists. Several of the artists who have performed with the band have also had successful solo careers, including Camille, Phoebe Killdeer, M\u00e9lanie Pain, and Nad\u00e9ah Miranda.", "Q217628": "Violet Mersereau (October 2, 1892 \u2013 November 12, 1975) was an American stage and film actress. Over the course of her screen career, Mersereau appeared in over 100 short and silent film features.", "Q249032": "Heaven's Prisoners is a 1996 American erotic thriller crime drama film directed by Phil Joanou and starring Alec Baldwin, Kelly Lynch, Mary Stuart Masterson, Teri Hatcher and Eric Roberts. It is based on a Dave Robicheaux homonymous novel by James Lee Burke. Harley Peyton and Scott Frank wrote the screenplay.\nThe film was followed by In the Electric Mist (2009), starring Tommy Lee Jones as Dave Robicheaux. In the sequel, Robicheaux still lives in Louisiana and has come out of retirement as an Iberia Parish sheriff's detective.", "Q4719997": "Alexander Nikolayevich Ryazanov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; born 13 October 1953 in Yuzhno-Kurilsk, Sakhalin Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian businessman and politician.", "Q41438": "Father Jan Sergiusz Gajek (Belarusian: \u0421\u044f\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0413\u0430\u0435\u043a, Siarhiej Hajek, born Jan Gajek on February 2, 1949) is the Apostolic Visitor for Greek-Catholic Christians on the territory of Belarus.\nHe was born into a Polish Roman Catholic family in \u0141yszkowice, central Poland, and graduated from a local school and from a gymnasium.\nIn August 1967 Gajek, joined the Congregation of Marian Fathers. Between 1967 and 1974 he studied at the Catholic University of Lublin. In late 1960s father Sergiusz became engaged in activities of the exiled Belarusian clergy. He had contacts with the Belarusian cultural and religious centre in London, including bishop Ceslaus Sipovich and Father Robert Tamushanski. On 23 June 1974 he was ordained priest and served for several years in a parish in G\u0142ucho\u0142azy.\nThe following two years Gajek studied at the Theology Faculty of the Catholic University of Lublin. After that he has been sent to Rome, where in 1978-1983 he studied at the Pontificia Instituto Orientale. In November 1983 Gajek became Doctor and returned to Poland. In 1983-1999 he worked at the Catholic University of Lublin.\n\n", "Q674622": "The Engelberger Rotstock is a mountain of the Urner Alps, overlooking Engelberg. It lies on the border between the Swiss cantons of Obwalden and Uri.", "Q972676": "Randall Jarrell j\u0259-REL (May 6, 1914 \u2013 October 14, 1965) was an American poet, literary critic, children's author, essayist, and novelist. He was the 11th Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress\u2014a position that now bears the title Poet Laureate of the United States.\nAmong other honors, Jarrell was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for the years 1947\u201348; a grant from the National Institute of Arts and Letters, in 1951; and the National Book Award for Poetry, in 1961.", "Q133040": "Alberto Fujimori Fujimori (Spanish pronunciation: [al\u02c8\u03b2e\u027eto fuxi\u02c8mo\u027ei]; Japanese: [\u0278\u026f\u0291i\ua71cmo\u027ei]; born 26 July 1938) is a Peruvian former politician who served as the President of Peru from 28 July 1990 to 22 November 2000. His government is credited with the creation of Fujimorism, defeating the Shining Path insurgency and restoring Peru's macroeconomic stability. Fujimori ended his presidency by fleeing Peru for Japan amid a major scandal involving corruption and human rights violations. Even amid his prosecution in 2008 for crimes against humanity relating to his presidency, two-thirds of Peruvians polled voiced approval for his leadership in that period.A Peruvian of Japanese descent, Fujimori took refuge in Japan when faced with charges of corruption in 2000. On arriving in Japan, he attempted to resign his presidency via fax, but his resignation was rejected by the Congress of the Republic, which preferred to remove him from office by the process of impeachment. Wanted in Peru on charges of corruption and human rights abuses, Fujimori maintained a self-imposed exile until his arrest while visiting Chile in November 2005. He was extradited to face criminal charges in Peru in September 2007. In December 2007, Fujimori was convicted of ordering an illegal search and seizure and was sentenced to six years in prison. The Supreme Court upheld the decision upon his appeal. In April 2009, Fujimori was convicted of human rights violations and sentenced to 25 years in prison for his role in killings and kidnappings by the Grupo Colina death squad during his government's battle against leftist guerrillas in the 1990s. The verdict, delivered by a three-judge panel, marked the first time that an elected head of state has been extradited to his home country, tried, and convicted of human rights violations. Fujimori was specifically found guilty of murder, bodily harm and two cases of kidnapping.In July 2009, Fujimori was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison for embezzlement after he admitted to giving $15 million from the Peruvian treasury to his intelligence service chief, Vladimiro Montesinos. Two months later, he pleaded guilty in a fourth trial to bribery and received an additional six-year term. Transparency International considered the money embezzled by Fujimori to be the seventh-most for a head of government active within 1984\u20132004. Under Peruvian law, all the sentences must run concurrently; thus, the maximum length of imprisonment remained 25 years.In December 2017, President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski granted the 79-year-old Fujimori a humanitarian pardon. The pardon was overturned by Peru's Supreme Court in October 2018 and Fujimori was ordered back to prison. On 23 January 2019, Fujimori was sent back to prison to complete his sentence with his pardon formally being annulled a month later.", "Q4731": "Maria Joan Hyland is an ex-lawyer and the author of three novels: How the Light Gets In (2004), Carry Me Down (2006) and This is How (2009). Hyland is a lecturer in creative writing in the Centre for New Writing at the University of Manchester. Carry Me Down (2006) was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize and won the Hawthornden Prize and the Encore Prize.\nHyland has twice been longlisted for the Orange Prize (2004 and 2009), the Commonwealth Writers' Prize (2004 and 2007) and This is How (2009) was longlisted for the Dublin International IMPAC prize.\nAt the University of Manchester she has run fiction workshops alongside Martin Amis (2007-2010), Colm T\u00f3ib\u00edn (2010-2011) and Jeanette Winterson (2013-present). Hyland runs regular Fiction Masterclasses in the Guardian Masterclass Programme, has twice been shortlisted for the BBC Short Story Prize (2011 & 2012) and she publishes in The Guardian How to Write series and the Financial Times, the LRB, Granta and elsewhere.", "Q726170": "Erlend \u00d8ye (born 21 November 1975) is a Norwegian composer, musician, producer, singer and songwriter from Bergen, best known for being part of the indie folk duo Kings of Convenience, along with Eirik Glambek B\u00f8e. He is the leader of the band The Whitest Boy Alive and he is the founder of the independent label Bubbles Records. He also contributed vocals on several tracks by Norwegian duo R\u00f6yksopp.", "Q67399": "B\u00fcetigen is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q1555337": "Gustave Joseph Viseur (17 May 1915 \u2013 25 August 1974) was a Belgian/French accordionist.", "Q173470": "Anastasius I (Latin: Flavius Anastasius Augustus; Greek: \u1f08\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2; c.\u2009431 \u2013 9 July 518) was Byzantine Emperor from 491 to 518. He made his career as a government administrator. He came to the throne at the age of 61 after being chosen by the wife of his predecessor, Zeno. His religious tendencies caused tensions throughout his reign. Because his name is distinctly and unmistakably Christian (Anastasius means 'resurrection' in Greek), it indicates that he was born and raised a Christian, in contrast to previous Christian Emperors, most notably Constantine I, who were converts.\nHis reign was characterised by improvements in the government, economy, and bureaucracy in the Eastern Roman empire. He is noted for leaving the imperial government with a sizeable budget surplus of 23,000,000 solidus due to minimisation of government corruption, reforms to the tax code, and the introduction of a new form of currency.", "Q102289": "Richard Buckminster Fuller (; July 12, 1895 \u2013 July 1, 1983) was an American architect, systems theorist, author, designer, inventor, and futurist.\nFuller published more than 30 books, coining or popularizing terms such as \"Spaceship Earth\", \"Dymaxion\" (house, car, map...), ephemeralization, synergetic, and \"tensegrity\". He also developed numerous inventions, mainly architectural designs, and popularized the widely known geodesic dome. Carbon molecules known as fullerenes were later named by scientists for their structural and mathematical resemblance to geodesic spheres.\nFuller was the second World President of Mensa from 1974 to 1983.", "Q730706": "The London Borough of Southwark ( (listen)) in South London forms part of Inner London and is connected by bridges across the River Thames to the City of London. It was created in 1965 when three smaller council areas amalgamated under the London Government Act 1963. All districts of the area are within the London postal district. It is governed by Southwark London Borough Council.\nThe part of the South Bank within the borough is home to London Bridge terminus station and the attractions of The Shard, Tate Modern, Shakespeare's Globe and Borough Market that are the largest of the venues in Southwark to draw domestic and international tourism. Dulwich is home to the Dulwich Picture Gallery and the Imperial War Museum is in Elephant and Castle.", "Q220090": "Gr\u00fcnwald (German for green forest) is a municipality in the district of Munich, in Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the right bank of the Isar, 12 km southwest of Munich (centre). As of 31 December 2011 it had a population of 11,109.\nGr\u00fcnwald is best known for medieval Gr\u00fcnwald Castle (Burg Gr\u00fcnwald), the Bavaria Film Studios (one of Europe's biggest and most famous movie production studios), and as a domicile for many prominent and rich people (Gr\u00fcnwald is the wealthiest municipality in Germany). The castle today houses a branch of the Bavarian Archaeological Museum.\nFor the 1972 Summer Olympics, the municipality hosted the individual road race cycling event. A nearly 23 km (14 mi) circuit to be traversed eight times was used.", "Q2336819": "Operatic pop or popera is a subgenre of pop music that is performed in an operatic singing style or a song, theme or motif from classical music stylized as pop. According to music historians, operatic pop songs became most prevalent with the rise of Tin Pan Alley musicians during the early 1900s. One influence was the large influx of Italian immigrants to the United States who popularized singers such as Enrico Caruso and inspired the creation of \"novelty songs\" using Italian dialect. The songs often used operatic repertory \"to make a satirical or topical point\". Popularized by American Vaudeville, musical comedies, jazz and operettas, examples include Irving Berlin's That Opera Rag, Billy Murray's My Cousin Caruso and Louis Armstrong's riffs on Rigoletto and Pagliacci. The subgenre subsequently dwindled after the 1920s but revived during the rock music era with albums such as The Who's Tommy and Queen's A Night at The Opera.In 1986, operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti had a hit with the Lucio Dalla song \"Caruso\", which helped to spark a recent flourishing of operatic pop. Other singers, including Andrea Bocelli, Josh Groban, and Katherine Jenkins, also recorded the number. Bocelli, in particular, soon became a leading representative of the subgenre. In the 2000s, singers and singing groups devoted primarily to operatic pop built on this renewed success. Groups like Il Divo and Amici Forever have achieved popularity with the mix of \"contemporary pop with operatic style\" characteristic of operatic pop. The subgenre is often performed by classical crossover singers and acts, although that field is much broader in the types of music it encompasses. \"Popera\" performances, such as those by the Three Tenors, have reached larger audiences and brought in greater profits than typical for operatic music.", "Q602978": "Kate Forsyth (born 3 June 1966) is an Australian author. She is best known for her historical novel Bitter Greens, which interweaves a retelling of the Rapunzel fairy tale with the true life story of the woman who first told the tale, the 17th century French writer Charlotte-Rose de Caumont de La Force.\nForsyth is also the author of several children's books, including The Gypsy Crown, The Puzzle Ring, The Starthorn Tree, The Wildkin's Curse, The Starkin Crown and Dragon Gold. She has also published two heroic fantasy series, The Witches of Eileanan and Rhiannon's Ride, the poetry collection Radiance, and the novel Full Fathom Five under her maiden name, Kate Humphrey. She is a five-time Aurealis Award winner.She is married with three children, and lives in Sydney, New South Wales. She is also a direct descendant of Charlotte Barton, the author of Australia's earliest known children's book. Forsyth's older sister, Belinda Murrell, is also an author for children and young adults.", "Q443036": "Yui Ichikawa (\u5e02\u5ddd \u7531\u8863, Ichikawa Yui, born February 10, 1986), is an actress and model from Tokyo, Japan. She is also known by her nickname, Yui-nyan. As an actress she has appeared in several dramas (doramas), and in recent years she has concentrated more on her film career. She played a minor role in the movie Ju-on: The Grudge and reprised her character for a bigger role in the sequel, Ju-on: The Grudge 2. She has recently portrayed Nana Komatsu (Hachi) in the film adaptation of the famous manga Nana, and on December 18, 2006, Ichikawa and co-star Mika Nakashima went to New York City for the International Premier of Nana 2 at the IFC Center.", "Q2627249": "Ivan Grigoryevich Bubnov (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0443\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432; 18 January 1872 \u2013 13 March 1919) was a Russian marine engineer and designer of submarines for the Imperial Russian Navy.\nBubnov was born in Nizhny Novgorod and graduated from the Marine Engineering College in Kronstadt in 1891. He graduated from the Nikolayev Marine Academy in 1896. He initially joined the Admiralty Shipyard in Saint Petersburg and worked as a constructor on the battleship Poltava.\nIn 1900, he was appointed Chief Assistant at the Russian Admiralty test tank and was involved in the design of the first Russian submarine, the Delfin. In 1903, he became the Russian Admiralty's submarine designer and was responsible for the following submarine classes:\n\nKasatka class\nMinoga\nAkula\nMorzh class\nBars classIn 1904, Bubnov became a lecturer at the Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University. He was commissioned into the Navy in 1907 and was head of the Admiralty test tank between 1908 and 1914.\nBubnov was promoted to Major General in the Corps of Naval Engineers in 1912. Between 1912 and 1917, he was a consultant to the Baltic Works in Saint Petersburg and the Nobel & Lessner shipyard in Reval.\nBubnov died of typhoid in Petrograd in 1919.", "Q133054": "Sylvia Plath (; October 27, 1932 \u2013 February 11, 1963) was an American poet, novelist, and short-story writer. She is credited with advancing the genre of confessional poetry and is best known for two of her published collections, The Colossus and Other Poems and Ariel, as well as The Bell Jar, a semi-autobiographical novel published shortly before her death. In 1982, she won a posthumous Pulitzer Prize for The Collected Poems.\nBorn in Boston, Massachusetts, Plath studied at Smith College in Massachusetts and at Newnham College in Cambridge, England. She married fellow poet Ted Hughes in 1956, and they lived together in the United States and then in England. They had two children before separating in 1962.\nPlath was clinically depressed for most of her adult life, and was treated multiple times with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). She committed suicide in 1963.\n\n", "Q153978": "The University of T\u00fcbingen, officially the Eberhard Karls University of T\u00fcbingen (German: Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen; Latin: Universitas Eberhardina Carolina), is a public research university located in the city of T\u00fcbingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. \nThe University of T\u00fcbingen is one of eleven German Excellence Universities. The University of T\u00fcbingen is especially known as a centre for the study of medicine, law, and theology and religious studies. The university's noted alumni include presidents, ministers, EU Commissioners and judges of the Federal Constitutional Court. The university is associated with eleven Nobel laureates, especially in the fields of medicine and chemistry. The university has a long tradition and enjoys a high academic reputation both nationally and internationally.", "Q1457252": "James Benjamin Sherman (August 17, 1908 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania \u2013 October 11, 1975 in Philadelphia) was an American jazz pianist and arranger.\nSherman played in dance bands in the late 1920s and played on and off with Jimmy Gorham in the metropolitan Philadelphia area. In 1930 he began playing on a steamboat in Alphonso Trent's band, then played in the 1930s with Peanuts Holland, Al Sears, Stuff Smith, Lil Armstrong, Putney Dandridge, Mildred Bailey, and Billie Holiday. He became the pianist and arranger for The Charioteers in 1938, remaining with the group until 1952. Following this he played primarily locally in eastern Pennsylvania. In 1960 he took up a residency at Miss Jeanne's Crossroad Tavern in Chester County, Pennsylvania, where he played until shortly before his death.", "Q124528": "Radka Donnell, (November 24, 1928 Sofia, Bulgaria \u2013 February 13, 2013 Zurich, Switzerland) was a feminist, painter, art therapist, poet, translator, storyteller, and pioneer of modern quilt-making. She explored what quilts can mean and look like, as distinct from traditional quilting and the fine arts culture.", "Q190933": "Anton Friedrich Wilhelm von Webern (German: [\u02c8ant\u0254n \u02c8ve\u02d0b\u0250n] (listen); 3 December 1883 \u2013 15 September 1945) was an Austrian composer and conductor. Along with his mentor Arnold Schoenberg and his colleague Alban Berg, Webern was in the core of those in the circle of the Second Viennese School, including Ernst Krenek and Theodor W. Adorno. As an exponent of atonality and twelve-tone technique, Webern exerted influence on contemporaries Luigi Dallapiccola, K\u0159enek, and even Schoenberg himself. As a tutor, Webern guided and variously influenced Arnold Elston, Frederick Dorian (Friederich Deutsch), Matty Ni\u00ebl, Fr\u00e9 Focke, Karl Amadeus Hartmann, Philipp Herschkowitz, Ren\u00e9 Leibowitz, Humphrey Searle, Leopold Spinner, and Stefan Wolpe.\nWebern's music was among the most radical of its milieu, both in its concision and in its rigorous and resolute apprehension of twelve-tone technique. His innovations in schematic organization of pitch, rhythm, register, timbre, dynamics, articulation, and melodic contour; his eagerness to redefine imitative contrapuntal techniques such as canon and fugue; and his inclination toward athematicism, abstraction, and lyricism all greatly informed and oriented intra- and post-war European, typically serial or avant-garde composers such as Olivier Messiaen, Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Luigi Nono, Bruno Maderna, Henri Pousseur, and Gy\u00f6rgy Ligeti. In the United States, meanwhile, his music attracted the interest of Elliott Carter, whose critical ambivalence was marked by a certain enthusiasm nonetheless; Milton Babbitt, who ultimately derived more inspiration from Schoenberg's twelve-tone practice than that of Webern; and Igor Stravinsky, to whom it was very fruitfully reintroduced by Robert Craft.\nDuring and shortly after the post-war period, then, Webern was posthumously received with attention first diverted from his sociocultural upbringing and surroundings and, moreover, focused in a direction apparently antithetical to his participation in German Romanticism and Expressionism. A richer understanding of Webern began to emerge in the later half of the 20th century, notably in the work of scholars Kathryn Bailey, Julian Johnson, Felix Meyer, Anne Shreffler, as archivists and biographers (most importantly Hans and Rosaleen Moldenhauer) gained access to sketches, letters, lectures, audio recordings, and other articles of or associated with Webern's estate.", "Q113384": "Jonathan David Good (born December 7, 1985) is an American professional wrestler and actor, better known by his ring name Jon Moxley. He is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he is the current AEW World Champion in his first reign, and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he is the current IWGP United States Champion in his second reign. He also makes occasional appearances on the independent circuit. He is well known for tenure with WWE, where he performed under the ring name Dean Ambrose from 2011 to 2019.Good began his professional wrestling career under the Jon Moxley name on the American independent circuit in 2004, working for various regional promotions including Full Impact Pro (FIP), Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW), and Dragon Gate USA (DGUSA). He won several top championships, including the FIP World Heavyweight Championship once, the HWA Heavyweight Championship thrice, and the CZW World Heavyweight Championship twice.\nAfter signing with WWE in 2011, he took the name Dean Ambrose and competed in their developmental territories Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) and NXT. He joined the main roster in November 2012 as a member of The Shield, alongside Roman Reigns and Seth Rollins. In May 2013, Ambrose won his first championship in WWE, the United States Championship, while in the group, with his 351-day reign being the longest under the WWE banner. Following The Shield's breakup in June 2014, Ambrose went on to become a one-time WWE Champion, a three-time Intercontinental Champion, and a two-time Raw Tag Team Champion (with Seth Rollins). He was also the 2016 Money in the Bank ladder match winner. Upon winning the Raw Tag Team Championship in August 2017, Ambrose became WWE's 27th Triple Crown Champion and its 16th Grand Slam Champion.\nFollowing his departure from WWE in 2019, Good reverted back to his Jon Moxley moniker and made an unannounced appearance at AEW's premiere event, Double or Nothing. He also started working in NJPW shortly after his WWE exit and won the IWGP United States Championship in his debut, becoming the first and only wrestler to have held the WWE and IWGP United States championships.\nOutside of wrestling, Good made his acting debut as the star of the 2015 action film 12 Rounds 3: Lockdown and will appear in the upcoming action film Cagefighter: Worlds Collide.", "Q16574": "Chiang Kai-shek (; 31 October 1887 \u2013 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949 and then in Taiwan until his death.\nBorn in Chekiang (Zhejiang) Province, Chiang was a member of the Kuomintang and a lieutenant of Sun Yat-sen in the revolution to overthrow the Beiyang government and reunify China. With Soviet and communist (CPC) help, Chiang organized the military for Sun's Canton Nationalist Government and headed the Whampoa Military Academy. Commander in chief of the National Revolutionary Army (from which he came to be known as Generalissimo), he led the Northern Expedition from 1926 to 1928, before defeating a coalition of warlords and nominally reunifying China under a new Nationalist government. Midway through the campaign, the KMT\u2013CPC alliance broke down and Chiang purged the communists inside the party, triggering a civil war with the CCP, which he eventually lost in 1949.\nAs leader of the Republic of China in the Nanjing decade, Chiang sought to strike a difficult balance between modernizing China while also devoting resources to defending the nation against the impending Japanese threat. Trying to avoid a war with Japan while hostilities with CCP continued, he was kidnapped in the Xi'an Incident and obliged to form an Anti-Japanese United Front with the CCP. Following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, he mobilized China for the Second Sino-Japanese War. For eight years he led the war of resistance against a vastly superior enemy, mostly from the wartime capital Chongqing. As the leader of a major Allied power, Chiang met with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the Cairo Conference to discuss terms for Japanese surrender. No sooner had the Second World War ended than the Civil War with the communists, by then led by Mao Zedong, resumed. Chiang's nationalists were mostly defeated in a few decisive battles in 1948.\nIn 1949 Chiang's government and army retreated to Taiwan, where Chiang imposed martial law and persecuted critics during the White Terror. Presiding over a period of social reforms and economic prosperity, Chiang won five elections to six-year terms as President of the Republic of China and was Director-General of the Kuomintang until his death in 1975, three years into his fifth term as President and just one year before Mao's death.\nOne of the longest-serving non-royal heads of state in the 20th century, Chiang was the longest-serving non-royal ruler of China having held the post for 46 years. Like Mao, he is regarded as a controversial figure. Supporters credit him with playing a major part in unifying the nation and leading the Chinese resistance against Japan, as well as with countering Soviet-communist encroachment. Detractors and critics denounce him as a dictator at the front of an authoritarian regime who suppressed opponents.", "Q75951": "Reinhold Rudenberg (or R\u00fcdenberg; February 4, 1883 \u2013 December 25, 1961) was a German-American electrical engineer and inventor, credited with many innovations in the electric power and related fields. Aside from improvements in electric power equipment, especially large alternating current generators, among others were the electrostatic-lens electron microscope, carrier-current communications on power lines, a form of phased array radar, an explanation of power blackouts, preferred number series, and the number prefix \"Giga-\".", "Q316250": "Ricky King (born Hans Lingenfelder March 12, 1946 in Rastatt, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) is a German guitarist. His singles \"Verde\" and \"Le r\u00eave\" reached the top ten in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland in 1976.", "Q53028": "Giuliano Montaldo (born 22 February 1930 in Genoa) is an Italian film director. \nWhile he was still a young student, Montaldo was recruited by the director Carlo Lizzani for the role of leading actor in the film Achtung! Banditi! (1951). Following this experience he began an apprenticeship as an assistant director of Lizzani and Gillo Pontecorvo, as well as appearing in the 1955 Gli Sbandati. \nIn 1960 he made his debut as a director with Tiro al piccione, a film about the partisan resistance, which entered for a competition in Venice Film Festival in 1961. In 1965 he wrote and directed Una bella grinta, a cynical representation of the economic boom of Italy, winning the Special Prize of the Jury at 15th Berlin International Film Festival. He then directed the production Grand Slam (1967) which starred an international cast including Edward G. Robinson, Klaus Kinski, and Janet Leigh. His cinema career continued with Gott mit uns (1969), Sacco and Vanzetti (1971), Giordano Bruno (1973), a trilogy about the abuses of the military, judicial and religious power; Tempo di uccidere (1989\u20131991), with actor Nicolas Cage. In 1982 he directed the television miniseries Marco Polo, which won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries.\nIn 1971 he was a member of the jury at the 7th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Q319163": "Jack Frost (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043a\u043e, Morozko) is a 1964 Soviet romantic fantasy film made by Gorky Film Studio. It was based on a traditional Russian fairy tale Morozko.\nA version with an English dub was released in 1966 in the U.S. It was directed by Alexander Rou, and starred Eduard Izotov as Ivan, Natalya Sedykh as Nastenka, and Alexander Khvylya as Father Frost. The script was written by Nikolai Erdman. The soundtrack was composed by Nikolai Budashkin, who was inspired by the works of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.", "Q185480": "Harry Steven Bartlett, known as Steve Bartlett (born September 19, 1947), is an American politician and former President and CEO of the Financial Services Roundtable, an advocacy group lobbying the U.S. federal government on financial services legislation, a position which he held from 1999 to 2012. He is the former U.S. Representative for Texas's 3rd congressional district, the former 56th mayor of Dallas, Texas, and is a former member of the Dallas City Council.", "Q90063": "Hans Deppe (12 November 1897 \u2013 23 September 1969) was a German actor and film director.", "Q1060609": "Mark John Thompson (born 31 July 1957) is a British media executive who is the current Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of The New York Times Company. From 2004 to 2012, he served as Director-General of the BBC, and before that was the Chief Executive of Channel 4. In 2009 Thompson was ranked as the 65th most powerful person in the world by Forbes magazine.", "Q340016": "Denis Hale Johnson (July 1, 1949 \u2013 May 24, 2017) was an American writer best known for his short story collection Jesus' Son (1992) and his novel Tree of Smoke (2007), which won the National Book Award for Fiction. He also wrote plays, poetry, journalism, and non-fiction.", "Q127021": "M (German: M \u2013 Eine Stadt sucht einen M\u00f6rder\u2014 M \u2013 A City Searches for a Murderer) is a 1931 German thriller film directed by Fritz Lang and starring Peter Lorre. The film was written by Lang and his wife Thea von Harbou and was the director's first sound film.The film revolves around the actions of a serial killer of children and the manhunt for him, conducted by both the police and the criminal underworld. Now considered a timeless classic, the film was deemed by Lang to be his magnum opus.", "Q4797610": "Narada is a record label formed in 1983 as an independent new-age music label and distributed by MCA. A fully owned subsidiary of Universal Music Group and distributed by Capitol Music Group's Blue Note Records, the label evolved through an expansion of formats to include world music, jazz, Celtic music, new flamenco, acoustic guitar, and piano genre releases.", "Q12712": "Martin Schleyer (German: [jo\u02c8han \u02c8marti\u02d0n \u02c8\u0283la\u026a\u032f\u0259r]; 18 July 1831 \u2013 16 August 1912) was a German Catholic priest who invented the constructed language Volap\u00fck. His official name was \"Martin Schleyer\"; he added the name \"Johann\" (in honor of his godfather) unofficially.\n\n", "Q75789": "Cosima Wagner (born Francesca Gaetana Cosima Liszt; 24 December 1837 \u2013 1 April 1930) was the illegitimate daughter of the Hungarian pianist and composer Franz Liszt and Marie d'Agoult. She became the second wife of the German composer Richard Wagner, and with him founded the Bayreuth Festival as a showcase for his stage works; after his death she devoted the rest of her life to the promotion of his music and philosophy. Commentators have recognised Cosima as the principal inspiration for Wagner's later works, particularly Parsifal.\nIn 1857, after a childhood largely spent under the care of her grandmother and with governesses, Cosima married the conductor Hans von B\u00fclow. Although the marriage produced two children, it was largely a loveless union, and in 1863 Cosima began a relationship with Wagner, who was 24 years her senior. She married him in 1870; after his death in 1883 she directed the Bayreuth Festival for more than 20 years, increasing its repertoire to form the Bayreuth canon of ten operas and establishing the festival as a major event in the world of musical theatre.\nDuring her directorship, Cosima opposed theatrical innovations and adhered closely to Wagner's original productions of his works, an approach continued by her successors long after her retirement in 1907. She shared Wagner's convictions of German cultural and racial superiority, and under her influence, Bayreuth became increasingly identified with antisemitism. This was a defining aspect of Bayreuth for decades, into the Nazi era which closely followed her death in 1930. Thus, although she is widely perceived as the saviour of the festival, her legacy remains controversial.", "Q110855": "Frederik Pleitgen (born 1976 in Cologne) is a German journalist and correspondent for CNN International.He studied North American Studies at the University of Bonn and at Free University Berlin. Pleitgen also spent one year studying at the School of Journalism at New York University. He worked for German television broadcasters ZDF and RTL as well as German news channel n-tv before joining CNN in 2006. He covered from Paris the aftermath of Charlie Hebdo shooting.\nPleitgen lives in Berlin. He is the son of German journalist and former director of West German Broadcasting Corporation, Fritz Pleitgen.", "Q170179": "Frederick I (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Karl; 6 November 1754 \u2013 30 October 1816) was the ruler of W\u00fcrttemberg from 1797 to his death. He was the last Duke of W\u00fcrttemberg from 1797 to 1803, then the first and only Elector of W\u00fcrttemberg from 1803 to 1806, before raising W\u00fcrttemberg to a kingdom in 1806 with the approval of Napoleon I. He was known for his size: at 2.12 m (6 ft 11 in) and about 200 kg (440 lb).", "Q448163": "Geri Antoinette Allen (June 12, 1957 \u2013 June 27, 2017) was an American jazz pianist, composer, and recording artist. In addition to her career as a performer and bandleader, Allen was an associate professor of music and the director of the Jazz Studies Program at the University of Pittsburgh.", "Q168736": "Pope John II (Latin: Ioannes II; died 8 May 535), born Mercurius, was the bishop of Rome from 2 January 533 to his death.\n\n", "Q447250": "Suleyman Abusaidovich Kerimov (Russian: \u0421\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0443\u0441\u0430\u0438\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432, IPA: [s\u028al\u02b2\u026aj\u02c8man \u0250b\u028as\u0250\u02c8id\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 k\u02b2\u026a\u02c8r\u02b2im\u0259f]; Lezgian: \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0440\u0438\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0443\u0441\u0430\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0445\u0432\u0430 \u0421\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043d) (born 1966/1967) is a Lezgin billionaire businessman, philanthropist and politician. In 2007, Kerimov established the Suleyman Kerimov Foundation as a vehicle to focus his philanthropic efforts. Since 2008, Kerimov has represented the Republic of Dagestan in the Federation Council of Russia. In April 2018, he was placed under sanctions by the United States Department of Treasury. As of January 2020, Forbes estimates his wealth at $9.8 billion.\n\n", "Q86167": "Therese Huber (7 May 1764 \u2013 15 June 1829) was a German author. She was one of the so-called Universit\u00e4tsmamsellen, a group of five academically active women during the mid-18th and early 19th centuries. The group consisted of daughters of academics at G\u00f6ttingen University; Huber was noteworthy among them, alongside Meta Forkel-Liebeskind, Caroline Schelling, Philippine Engelhard, and Dorothea Schl\u00f6zer.", "Q5494088": "Dualtone Records is an American record label specializing in folk, Americana, and indie rock. It was founded in 2001 by Scott Robinson and Dan Herrington. The company is run by Robinson and the label's president, Paul Roper. Albums are distributed by the Alternative Distribution Alliance. On January 20, 2016, Entertainment One acquired Dualtone Records.", "Q320084": "Kevin Serge Durand (born January 14, 1974) is a Canadian actor. Durand is known for portraying Vasiliy Fet in The Strain, Joshua in Dark Angel, Martin Keamy in Lost, Fred J. Dukes / The Blob in X-Men Origins: Wolverine, Gabriel in Legion, Little John in Robin Hood, Jeeves Tremor in Smokin' Aces, and Carlos in The Butterfly Effect. \nHe received a 2012 Best Supporting Actor Genie nomination for his portrayal of Lenny Jackson in Citizen Gangster. A former comedian, Durand has performed in a wide variety of starring roles in numerous independent and major studio features, ranging from comedies to drama to science fiction and action thrillers.", "Q401563": "Ahmed Zaki Metwally Abdelrahman Badawi (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u200e; November 18, 1949 \u2013 March 27, 2005), usually known as Ahmed Zaki (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a\u200e), was an Egyptian film actor. He was characterized by his talent, skill and ability in impersonating. He was also famous for his on-screen intensity, often genuinely hitting co-stars during scenes of violence. He is widely regarded as the greatest and most talented male star in the entire history of the Arabian cinema.", "Q121336": "Tatjana B\u00f6hm is a former German politician. She was co-founder of Unabh\u00e4ngiger Frauenverband (UFV).\n\n", "Q6654": "Croatian ( (listen); hrvatski [x\u0159\u0329\u028ba\u02d0tski\u02d0]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language used by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina, and other neighboring countries. It is the official and literary standard of Croatia and one of the official languages of the European Union. Croatian is also one of the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and a recognized minority language in Serbia and neighboring countries.\nStandard Croatian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin. In the mid-18th century, the first attempts to provide a Croatian literary standard began on the basis of the Neo-Shtokavian dialect that served as a supraregional lingua franca pushing back regional Chakavian, Kajkavian, and Shtokavian vernaculars. The decisive role was played by Croatian Vukovians, who cemented the usage of Ijekavian Neo-Shtokavian as the literary standard in the late 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, in addition to designing a phonological orthography. Croatian is written in Gaj's Latin alphabet.Besides the Shtokavian dialect, on which Standard Croatian is based, there are two other main dialects spoken on the territory of Croatia, Chakavian and Kajkavian. These dialects, and the four national standards, are usually subsumed under the term \"Serbo-Croatian\" in English, though this term is controversial for native speakers, and paraphrases such as \"Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian\" are therefore sometimes used instead, especially in diplomatic circles.", "Q7798715": "Thugs with Dirty Mugs is a 1939 Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Tex Avery.", "Q4909179": "Wilbert Lee \"Bill\" Gore (January 25, 1912 \u2013 July 26, 1986) was an American businessman and entrepreneur who co-founded W. L. Gore and Associates with his wife, Genevieve (Vieve).\nTrained as a chemical engineer and chemist, his technical interests included polymer engineering, applications of statistical methods to experimentation, and methods of operations research. He held patents in the fields of plastics, fluorocarbons, and electronics. He was also an active outdoorsman.", "Q62593": "Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel (7 February 1688 \u2013 9 April 1765) was a Dutch regent, Princess of Orange by marriage to John William Friso, Prince of Orange, and regent of the Netherlands during the minority of her son and her grandson. She was a daughter of Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and Maria Amalia of Courland. She and her husband are the most recent common ancestors of all currently reigning monarchs in Europe.\nMarie Louise is notable for having served as regent for two periods in Dutch history: during the reigns of her young son, William IV, Prince of Orange from 1711 and 1730, and of her young grandson, William V, Prince of Orange, from 1759 to 1765. She was often fondly referred to as Marijke Meu (Aunt Mary) by her Dutch subjects.", "Q920124": "Juha Iisakki Mieto (born 20 November 1949) is a Finnish former cross-country skier, who was born in Kurikka. He competed in the 1972, 1976, 1980 and 1984 Olympics and won five medals, including a gold medal in the 4 \u00d7 10 km relay in 1976. He also placed fourth three times, losing the 15 km bronze medal in 1972 by 0.06 seconds. He finished second in this event in 1980 in the closest-ever margin of victory in Olympic cross-country skiing, 0.01 seconds, which led the International Ski Federation (FIS) to round all of their times to the nearest 1/10 second in future competitions. Mieto was selected as the Finnish flag bearer at the 1972 Winter Olympics.Mieto won four medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, with silvers in the 30 km (1974) and the 4 \u00d7 10 km relay (1978), and bronzes in the 15 km (1978) and the 4 \u00d7 10 km relay (1982, tied with East Germany). His biggest success as a cross-country skier was at the Holmenkollen ski festival where he won the 50 km once (1973) and the 15 km five times (1973\u20131975, 1977\u20131978). He received the Holmenkollen medal in 1974.After retiring from competitions in 1984 Mieto worked in public relations for several organizations, including Nordea Bank, Kuortane Sports Resort and World Vision. In the 2007 Finnish parliament elections he was a Centre Party candidate in Vaasa constituency. He was elected with 13,768 votes, which was the seventh best result in Finland that year.", "Q182489": "Pope Leo VII (Latin: Leo VII; died 13 July 939) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from 3 January 936 to his death.", "Q4823790": "The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia. It operates as an independent not-for-profit organisation partly funded by the Australian government.\nThe Academy:\n\nsupports humanities research through conferences, grants and awards;\nsupports the diffusion of humanities research findings through publication subsidies and media promotion;\nprovides advice to government, industry, the media, and the community on matters concerning the humanities;\nmaintains collaborations with bodies concerned with national cultural prosperity; and\nmaintains relations and exchanges with international bodies.", "Q98359": "Bernhard Ilg (born in Geislingen an der Steige on February 8, 1956) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He is Mayor (Oberb\u00fcrgermeister) of the Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt Heidenheim an der Brenz in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg's region of Ostw\u00fcrttemberg. \nHe graduated in Public management (Diplom-Verwaltungswirt) in 1980. Thereafter he was district bailiff (Kreisamtmann) at the Landratsamt of Biberach where he was in charge of finance and carrying out special tasks until 1986. From 1986 to November 28, 1999, Ilg was Mayor of Salach. He is Oberb\u00fcrgermeister of Heidenheim since February 1, 2000, re-elected on November 11, 2007. In 2000, he was elected with a narrow majority; however, in 2007 he received 82.27 percent of votes. Since June 13, 2004, Ilg is also a member of the Heidenheim district county council (Kreistag).\nBernhard Ilg is also chairman of the Heidenheim public utility company, member of the board of directors of the Heidenheim Kreissparkasse (county savings bank), president of the water board of Wedel-Brenz and member of the advisory board for the programme of Radio 7. Furthermore, Ilg is president of the Stauferland tourism association and a member of Mayors for Peace.", "Q513615": "Jaume (or Santiago) Vallcorba Plana (21 September 1949 \u2013 23 August 2014) was a Spanish philologist and publisher.", "Q4742987": "The American Antiquarian Society (AAS), located in Worcester, Massachusetts, is both a learned society and national research library of pre-twentieth century American history and culture. Founded in 1812, it is the oldest historical society in the United States with a national focus. Its main building, known as Antiquarian Hall, is a U.S. National Historic Landmark in recognition of this legacy. The mission of the AAS is to collect, preserve and make available for study all printed records of what is now known as the United States of America. This includes materials from the first European settlement through the year 1876.The AAS offers programs for professional scholars, pre-collegiate, undergraduate and graduate students, educators, professional artists, writers, genealogists, and the general public. AAS has many digital collections available, including \"A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1788\u20131824.\"The collections of the AAS contain over three million books, pamphlets, newspapers, periodicals, graphic arts materials and manuscripts. The Society is estimated to hold copies of two-thirds of the total books known to have been printed in what is now the United States from the establishment of the first press in 1640 through the year 1820; many of these volumes are exceedingly rare and a number of them are unique. Historic materials from all fifty U.S. states, most of Canada and the British West Indies are included in the AAS repository. One of the more famous volumes held by the Society is a copy of the very first book printed in America, the Bay Psalm Book. AAS also has one of the largest collections of newspapers printed in America through 1876, with more than two million issues in its collection.", "Q1346110": "Occidental College (informally Oxy) is a private liberal arts college in Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1887 by clergy and members of the Presbyterian Church, it is now a non-sectarian institution and one of the oldest liberal arts colleges on the West Coast of the United States.", "Q123521": "Philippe Jaccottet (French: [filip \u0292akot\u025b]; born 30 June 1925, in Moudon, Switzerland) is a Francophone poet and translator from the Canton of Vaud, in Switzerland.", "Q539956": "Urban Symphony is an Estonian music group. It represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song \"R\u00e4ndajad\", finishing in 6th place with 129 points. This is the best place for Estonia in the contest since 2002.", "Q84770": "Paolo Riccio (1480 - 1541) was a German Jewish convert to Christianity in the first half of the sixteenth century. He became professor of philosophy in the University of Pavia; subsequently he was physician to Emperor Maximilian I.\nRiccio was inclined to astrology and the Cabala, and had a controversy with Johann Eck about the existence of life on the stellar bodies. Erasmus thought very highly of Riccio, who defended him and his followers against the attacks of Stephen the Presbyter. Like most converts from Judaism, Riccio attempted to convince the Jews of the truth of the Gospels. He, moreover, advised the Christian nations to unite against the Turks, who were at that time the terror of Europe.\nRiccio was a prolific writer and, as Heinrich Graetz says, \"turned to good account the small amount of Jewish knowledge which he brought with him to Christianity\". His best-known work is his De Porta Lucis R. Josephi Gecatilia (Augsburg, 1516), which is a free translation of a part of the Kabbalistic work Sha'are Orah by Joseph Gikatilla. Jerome Riccio (Hieronymus Ricius), Paulo's son, sent a copy of this work to Johann Reuchlin, who utilized it in the composition of his De Arte Cabbalistica.\nRiccio relates that he was ordered by Emperor Maximilian to prepare a Latin translation of the Talmud. All that has come down of it are the translations of the tractates Berakot, Sanhedrin, and Makkot (Augsburg, 1519), which are the earliest Latin renderings of the Mishnah known to bibliographers.\nThe most important of his other works is De C\u00e6lesti Agricultura, a large religio-philosophical work in four parts, dedicated to Emperor Charles V and to his brother Ferdinand (Augsburg, 1541; 2d ed., Basel, 1597). His Opuscula Varia, which contains a treatise on the 613 commandments, a religio-philosophical and controversial work aiming to demonstrate to the Jews the truths of Christianity, and an introduction to the Cabala followed by a compilation of its rules and dogmas, went through four editions (Pavia, 1510; Augsburg, 1515; ib. 1541; and Basel, 1597).\nRiccio wrote besides these works about ten others, all in Latin, on various religious, philosophical, and cabalistic subjects, which appeared in Augsburg in 1546 and were reprinted in Basel in 1597.", "Q972104": "Johan Niemann (born 26 June 1977) is best known for being the current bass player for Evergrey and co-founding the band Mind's Eye, for membership of Swedish heavy metal band Therion and as a member of the Scandinavian metal band Evil Masquerade. He is also currently live guitarist for Tiamat. He is a brother of Kristian Niemann.\nJohan Niemann began playing bass guitar at age eleven. While studying in high school, he took jazz theory and improvisation lessons from guitarist Johan \u00d6ijen. He attended the Stockholm music conservatory for sound engineering and music production studies.", "Q73039124": "Things We Lost in the Fire: Stories (Spanish: Las cosas que perdimos en el fuego) is a short story collection by Mariana Enriquez. Originally published in Spanish, it was translated into English by Megan McDowell in 2017.\"The Intoxicated Years\" was published in Granta. \"Spiderweb\" appeared in The New Yorker.", "Q57528": "Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenb\u00fcttel (28 August 1691 \u2013 21 December 1750) was Princess of Brunswick-Wolfenb\u00fcttel, Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Bohemia and Hungary; and Archduchess of Austria by her marriage to Emperor Charles VI. She was renowned for her delicate beauty and also for being the mother of Empress Maria Theresa. She was the longest serving Holy Roman Empress.", "Q40054": "Jonathan Stephen Ross (born 17 November 1960) is an English television and radio presenter, film critic, actor and comedian best known for presenting the BBC One chat show Friday Night with Jonathan Ross during the 2000s. Ross also hosted his own radio show on BBC Radio 2, and acted as a film critic and presenter of the Film programme. After leaving the BBC, Ross then began hosting a new chat show on ITV, The Jonathan Ross Show. Other regular roles have included being a regular panellist on the comedy sports quiz They Think It's All Over and being a regular presenter of the British Comedy Awards.\nRoss began his television career as a programme researcher, before d\u00e9buting as a television presenter for The Last Resort with Jonathan Ross on Channel 4 in 1987. Over the next decade he had several radio and television roles, many through his own production company, Channel X. In 1995 he sold his stake in Channel X, and embarked on a career with the BBC. In 1999, Ross took over presenting the Film programme from Barry Norman, and also began presenting his own radio show, while two years later he began hosting Friday Night with Jonathan Ross. For the chat show, Ross won three BAFTA awards for Best Entertainment Performance, in 2004, 2006 and 2007. By 2006 Ross was believed to be the BBC's highest paid star.\nIn 2005, Ross was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to broadcasting. Ross has been involved in controversies throughout his broadcasting career. As a result, in 2008 he wrote a semi-autobiographical work titled Why Do I Say These Things?, detailing some of his life experiences.\nRoss has been married to the author, journalist and broadcaster Jane Goldman since 1988; they have three children. Ross and Goldman have together established the television production company Hotsauce TV. Ross is known as an avid fan and collector of comic books and memorabilia, and has written his own comic books, Turf and America's Got Powers. Ross is known for his distinctive voice, flamboyant style of dress, light-hearted banter and his characteristic difficulty in pronouncing the letter 'R'.", "Q82301": "Per L\u00f8nning (24 February 1928 \u2013 21 August 2016) was a Norwegian Lutheran bishop and politician. L\u00f8nning received a Doctor of Theology degree from the University of Oslo in 1955 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1958.L\u00f8nning began his career as a priest in Oslo in 1951. He also taught in a school in Oslo in 1954. From 1958 to 1965 he was elected as a member of the Norwegian Parliament for the Conservative Party of Norway. In 1964, L\u00f8nning was named the priest for the parish of Bergen. In 1969, he was named the bishop of the Diocese of Borg, a diocese that had just been created by splitting off from the large Diocese of Oslo. He was the first Bishop to lead this diocese and he served for nine years until he resigned in 1978 in protest against the passing of a law that allowed abortion on demand in Norway. After resigning, he taught at the University of Oslo for four years and then from 1981 to 1987 he was professor at the University of Strasbourg. In 1987 he was named bishop of the Diocese of Bj\u00f8rgvin in Bergen. He held this post until 1994, when he retired.Per L\u00f8nning was the brother of the late theologian, professor, university rector, and politician Inge L\u00f8nning.\nHe was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.", "Q1371964": "Gilbert Imlay (February 9, 1754 \u2013 November 20, 1828) was an American businessman, author, and diplomat. \nHe served in the U.S. embassy to France and became one of the earliest American writers, producing two books, the influential A Topographical Description of the Western Territory of North America, and a novel, The Emigrants, both of which promoted settlement in the North American interior.\nImlay was known in his day as a shrewd but unscrupulous businessman involved in land speculation in Kentucky. However, he is best known today for his brief affair with British feminist writer Mary Wollstonecraft, which resulted in the birth of a daughter, Fanny Imlay.", "Q312988": "David Yates (born (1963-10-08)8 October 1963) is an English filmmaker who has directed films, short films, and television productions.\nYates directed the final four films in the Harry Potter series. His work on the series brought him critical and commercial success along with accolades, such as the British Academy Britannia Award for Excellence in Directing. Yates's subsequent projects include The Legend of Tarzan and Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (both 2016), and its sequel, Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald (2018).\nEarly in his career, Yates directed various short films and became a television director. His credits include the six-part political thriller State of Play (2003), for which he won the Directors Guild of Great Britain Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement, the adult two-part documentary drama Sex Traffic (2004) and the Emmy Award-winning television film The Girl in the Caf\u00e9 (2005).Yates is a founding member of Directors UK. He has had a close partnership with Warner Bros. as a director and producer.", "Q634574": "Robert Rutherford Beatty (19 October 1909 \u2013 3 March 1992) was a Canadian actor who worked in film, television and radio for most of his career and was especially known in the UK.", "Q77820": "Ambrosius Blarer (sometimes Ambrosius Blaurer; April 4, 1492 \u2013 December 6, 1564) was an influential Protestant reformer in southern Germany and north-eastern Switzerland.", "Q1291884": "The Oslo National Academy of the Arts (Norwegian: Kunsth\u00f8gskolen i Oslo, KHiO) is a university college in Oslo, Norway, that provides education in visual arts, design and performing arts. It is one of two public institutes of higher learning in Norway that teaches in visual arts and design, the other is the Bergen National Academy of the Arts in Bergen.\nThe Academy is divided into academic departments, with responsibility for the various subject areas, and administrative sections, which handle shared administrative tasks.Oslo National Academy of the Arts was ranked among the world's 60 best design programs by Bloomberg Businessweek.", "Q227099": "Zo\u00e9 Oldenbourg (Russian: \u0417\u043e\u044f \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433) (31 March 1916 \u2013 8 November 2002) was a Russian-born French popular historian and novelist who specialized in medieval French history, in particular the Crusades and Cathars.", "Q31875": "Muhammad Hassan was the 9th Sultan of Brunei. He reigned from 1582 to 1598. His predecessor Shah Berunai was his older brother who died without an heir. He was succeeded by his eldest son Abdul Jalilul Akbar.", "Q204668": "Rick DeMarinis (May 3, 1934 - June 12, 2019) was an American novelist and short story writer.", "Q523926": "The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) is a drama school in London, England that provides training for film, television and theatre. It is one of the oldest drama schools in the United Kingdom, founded in 1904 by Herbert Beerbohm Tree.\nIts higher education awards are validated by King's College London (KCL) and its students graduate alongside members of the KCL Faculty of Arts & Humanities. It is based in the Bloomsbury area of Central London, close to the Senate House complex of the University of London. It is a member of the Federation of Drama Schools.Undergraduate students are eligible for government student loans. RADA also has a significant scholarships and bursaries scheme, offering financial assistance to many students at the Academy.The current director of the academy is Edward Kemp. The president is Sir Kenneth Branagh, who succeeded Richard, Lord Attenborough following his death in 2014, the chairman is Sir Stephen Waley-Cohen and its vice-chairman was Alan Rickman until his death in 2016. The patron is Queen Elizabeth II.", "Q978367": "Jesse Heiman (born May 23, 1978) is an American actor, best known for his uncredited work as an extra in a wide variety of films and television shows and for appearing with Bar Refaeli and Danica Patrick in a Go Daddy commercial at Super Bowl XLVII, in which Refaeli, a supermodel, and Heiman share a graphic french kiss. On April 11, 2011 Jesse appeared as a guest on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno alongside Jamie Foxx. Despite his age, he still portrays teenagers and young adults as an extra. As a play on the Go Daddy commercial, singer Michael Bubl\u00e9 cast Heiman in the opening scene of his video \"It's a Beautiful Day\" where Bubl\u00e9 walks in on Jaime Pressly, who plays his significant other in the comical video, and Heiman sharing a kiss, to which Bubl\u00e9 responds by singing the song.", "Q91433": "Georg Heinrich Ritter (Chevalier) von Vollmar auf Veldheim (March 7, 1850 \u2013 June 30, 1922) was a democratic socialist politician from Bavaria.", "Q4073083": "Farkhad Temurovich Akhmedov (Russian: \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u0434 \u0422\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432, Azerbaijani: F\u0259rhad Teymur o\u011flu \u018fhm\u0259dov; born 15 September 1955, is a Russian businessman of Azerbaijani origin. He has been described as a Russian oligarch.\n\n", "Q553219": "Thomas Ollis Hicks Sr. (born February 7, 1946), is an American private equity investor and sports team owner living in Dallas, Texas. Forbes magazine estimated Hicks' wealth at $1 billion in 2009, but it dropped to $700 million in 2010. Hicks co-founded the investment firm, Hicks, Muse, Tate & Furst, previously owned 50% of the English football club Liverpool F.C., and is chairman of Hicks Holdings LLC, which owns and operates Hicks Sports Group, the company that formerly owned the Texas Rangers, the Dallas Stars, and the Mesquite Championship Rodeo. In 2010, Hicks was forced to sell the Rangers and Liverpool to satisfy his creditors, and the Stars went into bankruptcy the following year.\n\n", "Q13342": "Bordeaux Montaigne University (French: Universit\u00e9 Bordeaux Montaigne) is a French university, based in Bordeaux (Gironde). It is under the Academy of Bordeaux.\nFrom 1 January 2014, the university of Bordeaux were reunited, except for \"Bordeaux 3]\" (Bordeaux Montaigne University) which chose not to take part to the merger.\n\n", "Q160424": "Paul the Deacon (c. 720s \u2013 April 13, c. 799), also known as Paulus Diaconus, Warnefridus, Barnefridus, Winfridus and sometimes suffixed Cassinensis (i.e. \"of Monte Cassino\"), was a Benedictine monk, scribe, and historian of the Lombards.", "Q456413": "Ann Clare Boothe Luce (March 10, 1903 \u2013 October 9, 1987) was an American author, politician, U.S. Ambassador and public conservative figure. She was the first American woman appointed to a major ambassadorial post abroad. A versatile author, she is best known for her 1936 hit play The Women, which had an all-female cast. Her writings extended from drama and screen scenarios to fiction, journalism and war reportage. She was the wife of Henry Luce, publisher of Time, Life, Fortune, and Sports Illustrated.\nPolitically, Luce was a leading conservative in later life and was well known for her anti-communism. In her youth, she briefly aligned herself with the liberalism of President Franklin Roosevelt as a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Bernard Baruch, but later became an outspoken critic of Roosevelt. Although she was a strong supporter of the Anglo-American alliance in World War II, she remained outspokenly critical of British colonialism in India.Known as a charismatic and forceful public speaker, especially after her conversion to Roman Catholicism in 1946, she campaigned for every Republican presidential candidate from Wendell Willkie to Ronald Reagan.", "Q8651": "Douglas Graham Shearer (November 17, 1899 \u2013 January 5, 1971) was a Canadian American pioneering sound designer and recording director who played a key role in the advancement of sound technology for motion pictures. He won seven Academy Awards for his work. In 2008, he was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame.\n\n", "Q176246": "Marc Levy (born 16 October 1961) is a French novelist.", "Q311271": "John Arthur Lithgow ( LITH-goh; born October 19, 1945) is an American actor, musician, poet, author, and singer. Over the course of his career he has received numerous accolades including Tony Awards, Emmy Awards, and Golden Globe awards, and has been nominated for two Academy Awards and four Grammy Awards. He has also been awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.\nLithgow is best known for his television roles as Dick Solomon in the comedy 3rd Rock from the Sun (1996\u20132001), Arthur Mitchell in the drama Dexter (2009), and Winston Churchill in the drama The Crown (2016\u20132019), for each of which he won Primetime Emmy Awards. He is also well known for his roles in Blow Out (1981), Footloose (1984), Harry and the Hendersons (1987), Rugrats in Paris: The Movie (2000), Shrek (2001), and Love Is Strange (2014). His performances in The World According to Garp (1982) and Terms of Endearment (1983) earned him nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He has appeared on stage in many Broadway productions, including the musical adaptations of Sweet Smell of Success and Dirty Rotten Scoundrels. In 2007, he made his Royal Shakespeare Company debut as Malvolio in Neil Bartlett's production of Twelfth Night. In 2019, he starred on Broadway opposite Laurie Metcalf in Hillary and Clinton.", "Q7562": "Ping Fu (born 1958) is a Chinese-American entrepreneur. She is the co-founder of 3D software development company Geomagic, and was its chief executive officer until February 2013 when the company was acquired by 3D Systems Inc. As of March 2014, she is the Vice President and Chief Entrepreneur Officer at 3D Systems. Fu grew up in China during the Cultural Revolution and moved to the United States in 1984. She co-founded Geomagic in 1997 with her then-husband Herbert Edelsbrunner, and has been recognized for her achievements with the company through a number of awards, including being named Inc. magazine's 2005 \"Entrepreneur of the Year\". In 2013, she published her memoir, Bend, Not Break, co-authored with MeiMei Fox.", "Q678742": "Interlaken-Oberhasli District in the Canton of Bern was created on 1 January 2010, uniting the former Interlaken and Oberhasli districts. It is part of the Oberland administrative region. It contains 28 municipalities with an area of 1,228.93 km2 (474.49 sq mi) and a population (as of December 2008) of 48,763.", "Q725323": "Sigurd Johannes Savonius (2 November 1884 \u2013 31 May 1931) was a Finnish architect and inventor. He is known especially for the Savonius wind turbine, which he invented in 1924.", "Q668551": "The Fluchthorn or Piz Fenga is a mountain of in the Silvretta Alps, located on the border between Austria and Switzerland. With a height of 3,399 metres (11,152 ft) above sea level, it is the second highest summit of the Silvretta Alps. The Fluchthorn lies between the Jamtal (Tyrol) and the Val Fenga (Graub\u00fcnden). It consists of three summits of which the southern one is the highest.", "Q599510": "The term romance (Spanish: romance/romanza, Italian: romanza, German: Romanze, French: romance, Russian: \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441, Portuguese: romance, Romanian: roman\u0163\u0103) has a centuries-long history. Applied to narrative ballads in Spain, it came to be used by the 18th century for simple lyrical pieces not only for voice, but also for instruments alone. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that \"generally it implies a specially personal or tender quality\".", "Q154959": "Hugo Grotius (; 10 April 1583 \u2013 28 August 1645), also known as Huig de Groot (Dutch: [\u02c8\u0266\u0153y\u0263 d\u0259 \u0263ro\u02d0t]) or Hugo de Groot (Dutch: [\u02c8\u0266y\u0263o\u02d0 d\u0259 \u0263ro\u02d0t]), was a Dutch humanist, diplomat, lawyer, theologian and jurist.\nA teenage intellectual prodigy, he was born in Delft and studied at Leiden University. He was imprisoned for his involvement in the intra-Calvinist disputes of the Dutch Republic, but escaped hidden in a chest of books. Grotius wrote most of his major works in exile in France.\nHugo Grotius was a major figure in the fields of philosophy, political theory and law during the sixteenth and seventeenth century. Along with the earlier works of Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili, he laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law in its Protestant side. Two of his books have had a lasting impact in the field of international law: De jure belli ac pacis [On the Law of War and Peace] dedicated to Louis XIII of France and the Mare Liberum [The Free Seas]. Grotius has also contributed significantly to the evolution of the notion of rights. Before him, rights were above all perceived as attached to objects; after him, they are seen as belonging to persons, as the expression of an ability to act or as a means of realizing something.\nIt is thought that Hugo Grotius was not the first to formulate the international society doctrine, but he was one of the first to define expressly the idea of one society of states, governed not by force or warfare but by actual laws and mutual agreement to enforce those laws. As Hedley Bull declared in 1990: \"The idea of international society which Grotius propounded was given concrete expression in the Peace of Westphalia, and Grotius may be considered the intellectual father of this first general peace settlement of modern times.\" Additionally, his contributions to Arminian theology helped provide the seeds for later Arminian-based movements, such as Methodism and Pentecostalism; Grotius is acknowledged as a significant figure in the Arminian-Calvinist debate. Because of his theological underpinning of free trade, he is also considered an \"economic theologist\".Grotius is also a playwright, and poet. His thinking returned to the forefront after the First World War.", "Q353042": "Bradley Steven Perry (born November 23, 1998) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Gabe Duncan on the Disney Channel family sitcom Good Luck Charlie, and for his role as Roger Elliston III in Disney's High School Musical spin-off film Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure. Following this, Perry co-starred on the Disney XD comedies Mighty Med and its spinoff Lab Rats: Elite Force, where he played the role of Kaz.", "Q134075": "The Mysteries of Paris (French: Les Myst\u00e8res de Paris) is a French-Italian film from 1962, set in Paris. It was directed by Andr\u00e9 Hunebelle, written by Diego Fabbri and Pierre Foucaud, starring Jean Marais. The scenario was written on the basis of the novel Les Myst\u00e8res de Paris. It has several precursors including The Mysteries of Paris (1912), The Mysteries of Paris (1935).", "Q635642": "The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), located at 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, New Jersey, in the United States, is an independent postdoctoral research center for theoretical research and intellectual inquiry. It is perhaps best known as the academic home of Albert Einstein, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Hermann Weyl, John von Neumann and Kurt G\u00f6del, after their immigration to the United States. It was founded in 1930 by American educator Abraham Flexner, together with philanthropists Louis Bamberger and Caroline Bamberger Fuld. Although it is close to and collaborates with Princeton University, Rutgers University, and other nearby institutions, it is independent and does not charge tuition or fees.Flexner's guiding principle in founding the Institute was the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake. The faculty have no classes to teach. There are no degree programs or experimental facilities at the Institute. Research is never contracted or directed. It is left to each individual researcher to pursue their own goals. Established during the rise of European fascism, the IAS played a key role in the transfer of intellectual capital from Europe to America and soon acquired a reputation at the pinnacle of academic and scientific life \u2014 a reputation it has retained.The institute consists of four schools \u2014 Historical Studies, Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences; there is also a program in theoretical biology. It is supported entirely by endowments, grants, and gifts, and is one of the eight American mathematics institutes funded by the National Science Foundation. It is the model for the other eight members of the consortium Some Institutes for Advanced Study.", "Q2668210": "Colonel Colin Mackenzie CB (1754\u20138 May 1821) was Scottish army officer in the British East India Company who later became the first Surveyor General of India. He was a collector of antiquities and an orientalist. He surveyed southern India, making use of local interpreters and scholars to study religion, oral histories, inscriptions and other evidence initially out of personal interest and later as a surveyor. He was ordered to survey the Mysore region shortly after the British victory over Tipu Sultan in 1799 and produced the first maps of the region along with illustrations of the landscape and notes on archaeological landmarks. His collections consisting of thousands of manuscripts, inscriptions, translations, coins and paintings, which were acquired after his death by the India Office Library and are an important source for the study of Indian history. He was awarded a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 4 June 1815.", "Q283061": "Napoleon Murphy Brock is an American singer, saxophonist and flute player who is best known for his work with Frank Zappa in the 1970s, including the albums Apostrophe ('), Roxy & Elsewhere, One Size Fits All, and Bongo Fury. He contributed notable vocal performances to the Zappa songs \"Village of the Sun,\" \"Cheepnis,\" and \"Florentine Pogen.\"", "Q851087": "The National Action Party (Spanish: Partido Acci\u00f3n Nacional, PAN), founded in 1939, is a conservative political party in Mexico, one of the four main political parties in Mexico. Since the 1980s, it has been an important political party winning local, state, and national elections. In 2000, PAN candidate Vicente Fox was elected president for a six-year term; in 2006, PAN candidate Felipe Calder\u00f3n succeeded Fox in the presidency. During the period 2000\u20132012, PAN was the strongest party in both houses of the Congress of the Union (the federal legislature) but lacked a majority in either house. In the 2006 legislative elections the party won 207 out of 500 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 52 out of 128 Senators. In the 2012 legislative elections, the PAN won 38 seats in the Senate, and 114 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. The members of this party are colloquially called Panistas.", "Q403": "Serbia (Serbian: \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430, romanized: Srbija, pronounced [s\u0159\u0329bija]), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430, romanized: Republika Srbija, pronounced [rep\u01d4blika s\u0159\u0329bija]), is a landlocked country situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe in the southern Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. It borders Hungary to the north, Romania to the northeast, Bulgaria to the southeast, North Macedonia to the south, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west, and Montenegro to the southwest. The country claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia's population numbers approximately seven million without Kosovo or 8.8 million if the territory is included. Its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the largest and oldest citi\u0435s in southeastern Europe.Inhabited since the Paleolithic Age, the territory of modern-day Serbia faced Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe in the 6th century, establishing several regional states in the early Middle Ages at times recognised as tributaries to the Byzantine, Frankish and Hungarian kingdoms. The Serbian Kingdom obtained recognition by the Holy See and Constantinople in 1217, reaching its territorial apex in 1346 as the relatively short-lived Serbian Empire. By the mid-16th century, the Ottomans annexed the entirety of modern-day Serbia; their rule was at times interrupted by the Habsburg Empire, which began expanding towards Central Serbia from the end of the 17th century while maintaining a foothold in Vojvodina. In the early 19th century, the Serbian Revolution established the nation-state as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory. Following disastrous casualties in World War I, and the subsequent unification of the former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina (and other lands) with Serbia, the country co-founded Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples, which would exist in various political formations until the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. During the breakup of Yugoslavia, Serbia formed a union with Montenegro, which was peacefully dissolved in 2006, restoring Serbia's independence as a sovereign state for the first time since 1918. In 2008, the parliament of the province of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence, with mixed responses from the international community. Serbia is one of the European countries with high numbers of registered national minorities, while the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is recognizable for its multi-ethnic and multi-cultural identity.A unitary parliamentary constitutional republic, Serbia is a member of the UN, CoE, OSCE, PfP, BSEC, CEFTA, and is acceding to the WTO. Since 2014, the country has been negotiating its EU accession with the perspective of joining the European Union by 2025. Like some other European countries, Serbia has suffered from democratic backsliding in recent years, having dropped in ranking from \"Free\" to \"Partly Free\" in the 2019 Freedom House report. Since 2007, Serbia formally adheres to the policy of military neutrality. The country provides social security, universal health care system, and a free primary and secondary education to its citizens. An upper-middle-income economy with a dominant service sector, the country ranks relatively high on the Human Development Index (63rd) and Social Progress Index (45th) as well as the Global Peace Index (50th).", "Q11738029": "Professor Kazimierz Kostanecki (25 December 1863, Myszak\u00f3w \u2013 11 January 1940, Sachsenhausen concentration camp) was a Polish physician, anatomist, and cytologist. Since 1892 he was a professor of comparative and descriptive anatomy at the Jagiellonian University in Krak\u00f3w under the military partitions of Poland. He held his post until 1935 in the reborn Second Polish Republic. During this time he also served as Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, and between 1913 and 1916 was the Rector of the Jagiellonian University. He is considered the father of the Krak\u00f3w school of anatomy due to his many scientific discoveries and accomplishments.Kostanecki is the author of 62 scientific publications in Polish, English, German, and French. During his work in Berlin and Giessen he conducted research in the field of comparative anatomy of throat and palate, and the anatomy of the neck and head. He also described all the muscles associated with the Ear trumpet and, as the first, described their inner connections. In Krak\u00f3w, he conducted pioneering research into the process of maturation of oocytes. In the final period of his scientific work he studied the phylogenetic development of the cecum and the appendix, and the functioning of the lymphoid tissue. Kostanecki was the recipient of many prestigious awards.After the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939, Kostanecki was arrested on 6 November 1939 in his Alma mater during the German Sonderaktion Krakau against the Polish academics. He died in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp on 11 January 1940.", "Q388646": "Dracunculiasis, also called Guinea-worm disease (GWD), is a parasitic infection by the Guinea worm. A person becomes infected when they drink water that contains water fleas infected with guinea worm larvae. Initially there are no symptoms. About one year later, the female worm forms a painful blister in the skin, usually on a lower limb. Other symptoms at this time may include vomiting and dizziness. The worm then emerges from the skin over the course of a few weeks. During this time, it may be difficult to walk or work. It is very uncommon for the disease to cause death.In humans, the only known cause is Dracunculus medinensis. The worm is about one to two millimeters wide, and an adult female is 60 to 100 centimeters long (males are much shorter at 12\u201329 mm or 0.47\u20131.14 in). Outside humans, the young form can survive up to three weeks, during which they must be eaten by water fleas to continue to develop. The larva inside water fleas may survive up to four months. Thus, for the disease to remain in an area, it must occur each year in humans. A diagnosis of the disease can usually be made based on the signs and symptoms.Prevention is by early diagnosis of the disease followed by keeping the infected person from putting the wound in drinking water, thus decreasing the spread of the parasite. Other efforts include improving access to clean water and otherwise filtering water if it is not clean. Filtering through a cloth is often enough to remove the water fleas. Contaminated drinking water may be treated with a chemical called temefos to kill the larva. There is no medication or vaccine against the disease. The worm may be slowly removed over a few weeks by rolling it over a stick. The ulcers formed by the emerging worm may get infected by bacteria. Pain may continue for months after the worm has been removed.In 2019, 53 cases were reported across 4 countries. This is down from an estimated 3.5 million cases in 1986. In 2016 the disease occurred in three countries, all in Africa, down from 20 countries in the 1980s. It will likely be the first parasitic disease to be globally eradicated. Guinea worm disease has been known since ancient times. The method of removing the worm is described in the Egyptian medical Ebers Papyrus, dating from 1550 BC. The name dracunculiasis is derived from the Latin \"affliction with little dragons\", while the name \"guinea worm\" appeared after Europeans saw the disease on the Guinea coast of West Africa in the 17th century. Other Dracunculus species are known to infect various mammals, but do not appear to infect humans. Dracunculiasis is classified as a neglected tropical disease. Because dogs may also become infected, the eradication program is monitoring and treating dogs as well.", "Q1703693": "Sabir Khan is an Indian Sarangi player and son of Legendary Sarangi player and vocalist Padma Bhushan Ustad Sultan Khan. He belongs to Sikar gharana (school) of music who have given several stalwarts to Indian classical music.", "Q736439": "Ramsgate is a seaside town in the district of Thanet in east Kent, England. It was one of the great English seaside towns of the 19th century. In 2001 it had a population of about 40,000. Ramsgate\u2019s main attraction is its coastline, and its main industries are tourism and fishing. The town has one of the largest marinas on the English south coast, and the Port of Ramsgate provided cross-channel ferries for many years.", "Q57500": "Hermann Paul Maximilian Abendroth (19 January 1883 \u2013 29 May 1956) was a German conductor.", "Q5375": "Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 20-metre (22-yard) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at the wicket with the bat, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this and dismiss each player (so they are \"out\"). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground. When ten players have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information.\nThere are various formats ranging from Twenty20, played over a few hours with each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs, to Test matches, played over five days with unlimited overs and the teams each batting for two innings of unlimited length. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball, which is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed leather with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a cork core which is layered with tightly wound string.\nHistorically, cricket's origins are uncertain and the earliest definite reference is in south-east England in the middle of the 16th century. It spread globally with the expansion of the British Empire, leading to the first international matches in the second half of the 19th century. The game's governing body is the International Cricket Council (ICC), which has over 100 members, twelve of which are full members who play Test matches. The game's rules are held in a code called the Laws of Cricket which is owned and maintained by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in London. The sport is followed primarily in the Indian subcontinent, Australasia, the United Kingdom, southern Africa and the West Indies, its globalisation occurring during the expansion of the British Empire and remaining popular into the 21st century. Women's cricket, which is organised and played separately, has also achieved international standard. The most successful side playing international cricket is Australia, which has won seven One Day International trophies, including five World Cups, more than any other country and has been the top-rated Test side more than any other country.\n\n", "Q432181": "Sayed Kashua (Arabic: \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0634\u0648\u0639\u200e, Hebrew: \u05e1\u05d9\u05d9\u05d3 \u05e7\u05e9\u05d5\u05e2\u200e; born 1975) is a Palestinian citizen of Israel, Author and Journalist born in Tira, Israel, known for his books and humorous columns in the Hebrew language.", "Q103801": "East Prussia (German: Ostpreu\u00dfen, pronounced [\u02c8\u0254st\u02ccp\u0281\u0254\u028fsn\u0329] (listen); Polish: Prusy Wschodnie; Lithuanian: Ryt\u0173 Pr\u016bsija; Latin: Borussia orientalis; Russian: \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u041f\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f, romanized: Vost\u00f3\u010dnaja Pr\u00fassija) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945. Its capital city was K\u00f6nigsberg (present-day Kaliningrad). East Prussia was the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast.The bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians were enclosed within East Prussia. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. After the conquest the indigenous Balts were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and colonisation over the following centuries, Germans became the dominant ethnic group, while Masurians and Lithuanians formed minorities. From the 13th century, East Prussia was part of the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights. After the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466 it became a fief of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1525, with the Prussian Homage, the province became the Duchy of Prussia. The Old Prussian language had become extinct by the 17th or early 18th century.Because the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire, the prince-electors of Brandenburg were able to proclaim themselves King beginning in 1701. After the annexation of most of western Royal Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, eastern (ducal) Prussia was connected by land with the rest of the Prussian state and was reorganized as a province the following year (1773). Between 1829 and 1878, the Province of East Prussia was joined with West Prussia to form the Province of Prussia.\nThe Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separated East Prussia from the rest of Germany), while the Memel Territory was detached and annexed by Lithuania in 1923. Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, war-torn East Prussia was divided at Joseph Stalin's insistence between the Soviet Union (the Kaliningrad Oblast became part of the Russian SFSR, and the constituent counties of the Klaip\u0117da Region in the Lithuanian SSR) and the People's Republic of Poland (the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship). The capital city K\u00f6nigsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The German population of the province was largely evacuated during the war or expelled shortly afterwards in the expulsion of Germans after World War II. An estimated 300,000 (around one fifth of the population) died either in war time bombing raids, in the battles to defend the province, or through mistreatment by the Red Army.", "Q95655": "Alexander R\u00fcstow (October 13, 1824 \u2013 July 25, 1866) was a Prussian soldier and military writer from Brandenburg an der Havel. The brother of Wilhelm R\u00fcstow and C\u00e4sar R\u00fcstow, he is remembered for his work Der K\u00fcstenkrieg (Berlin, 1848). Alexander and Caesar both fell on the field of battle during the 1866 Austro-Prussian War, with Alexander dying at Horitz from wounds sustained in the Battle of K\u00f6niggr\u00e4tz.", "Q381104": "Kari Hotakainen (born 9 January 1957 in Pori, Finland) is a Finnish writer. Hotakainen started his writing career as a reporter in Pori. In 1986, he moved to Helsinki. He became a full-time writer in 1996. He has two children with his wife, sound technician Tarja Laaksonen, whom he married in 1983. He has also worked as a copywriter and as a columnist for the Helsingin Sanomat.", "Q132404": "Bourges (French pronunciation: [bu\u0281\u0292] (listen)) is a city in central France on the Y\u00e8vre river. It is the capital of the department of Cher, and also was the capital of the former province of Berry.", "Q77808": "G\u00fcnther Krupkat (5 July 1905, Berlin \u2013 14 April 1990, Berlin) was a German fiction writer, known as one of the leading science fiction writers of East Germany.", "Q7680600": "Tamalpais High School (often abbreviated as Tam) is a public secondary school located in Mill Valley, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is named after nearby Mount Tamalpais, which rises almost 2,500 feet (760 m) above Mill Valley.\nTamalpais High School is the original campus of the Tamalpais Union High School District and the second public high school in Marin County. As of 2007, Tam's attendance area includes the cities of Mill Valley and Sausalito, the nearby unincorporated areas of Marin City, Strawberry and Tamalpais-Homestead Valley, and the West Marin communities of Muir Beach, Bolinas and Stinson Beach. Mill Valley School District is the largest feeder for Tam, followed by the Sausalito Marin City School District and the Bolinas-Stinson Union School District.", "Q444017": "Emma Hamilton is a 1968 historical drama film directed by Christian-Jaque and starring Mich\u00e8le Mercier, Richard Johnson and John Mills. It was partly based on the 1864 novel La Sanfelice by Alexandre Dumas and depicts the love affair between Emma Hamilton and Horatio Nelson. It was a co-production between Italy, West Germany, France and the United States.", "Q181816": "George Formby, (born George Hoy Booth; 26 May 1904 \u2013 6 March 1961), was an English actor, singer-songwriter and comedian who became known to a worldwide audience through his films of the 1930s and 1940s. On stage, screen and record he sang light, comical songs, usually playing the ukulele or banjolele, and became the UK's highest-paid entertainer.\nBorn in Wigan, Lancashire, he was the son of George Formby Sr, from whom he later took his stage name. After an early career as a stable boy and jockey, Formby took to the music hall stage after the early death of his father in 1921. His early performances were taken exclusively from his father's act, including the same songs, jokes and characters. In 1923 he made two career-changing decisions \u2013 he purchased a ukulele, and married Beryl Ingham, a fellow performer who became his manager and transformed his act. She insisted that he appear on stage formally dressed, and introduced the ukulele to his performance. He started his recording career in 1926 and, from 1934, he increasingly worked in film to develop into a major star by the late 1930s and 1940s, and became the UK's most popular entertainer during those decades. The media historian Brian McFarlane writes that on film, Formby portrayed gormless Lancastrian innocents who would win through against some form of villainy, gaining the affection of an attractive middle-class girl in the process.\nDuring the Second World War Formby worked extensively for the Entertainments National Service Association (ENSA), and entertained civilians and troops, and by 1946 it was estimated that he had performed in front of three million service personnel. After the war his career declined, although he toured the Commonwealth, and continued to appear in variety and pantomime. His last television appearance was in December 1960, two weeks before the death of Beryl. He surprised people by announcing his engagement to a school teacher seven weeks after Beryl's funeral, but died in Preston three weeks later, at the age of 56; he was buried in Warrington, alongside his father.\nFormby's biographer, Jeffrey Richards, considers that the actor \"had been able to embody simultaneously Lancashire, the working classes, the people, and the nation\". Formby was considered Britain's first properly home-grown screen comedian. He was an influence on future comedians\u2014particularly Charlie Drake and Norman Wisdom\u2014and, culturally, on entertainers such as the Beatles, who referred to him in their music. Since his death Formby has been the subject of five biographies, two television specials and two works of public sculpture.", "Q270857": "Lee Jung-hyun (born February 7, 1980), also known by her occasional stage name Ava, is a South Korean pop singer and actress. She was first recognized for her acting abilities with award-winning role in her first film and has been solidified as one of the top international acts from South Korea with her illustrious singing career. She has been known as \"the Techno Queen\" as she introduced the techno music genre to Korea. Lee is also known as \"The Queen of Transformation\" due to her changing new look for different songs.", "Q104808": "G\u00fcnther Hochgartz (10 July 1918 \u2013 10 October 2005) was a West German politician. During World War II, he served as an officer in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany and was decorated with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.", "Q623746": "Ska-P (Spanish pronunciation: [es\u02c8kape]) is a ska punk band formed in Vallecas (Madrid), Spain, in 1994 by a group of friends from Madrid, Navarre and Euskadi.The band can be categorized, politically, as an anti-establishment musical group, sometimes even considered anarcho-communist.\nMusically, despite their fun image, Ska-P has well-rehearsed and tight arrangements, and as of 2002, includes among its members a small but striking brass section which gives the band a powerful sound.\nAt the end of 2004, they announced work on a new album. After voting 4 against 2, in February 2005, the sudden and unexpected announcement was made that the band would take a break to allow the members to work on side projects, though some considered the band to have dissolved. The band's worldwide farewell tour of 2005 ended in Buenos Aires, Argentina in October of that year. Their farewell concert on September 24, 2005, filled the 10,000-seat La Cubierta.On 12 October 2007 the band confirmed they were getting back together and on 5 September 2008 released the single \"Crimen sollicitationis\". This was followed in October 2008 by a new album, L\u00e1grimas y Gozos (Tears and Joys), which was released on 7 October 2008. The release of the album would be followed by a brief tour.Ska-P returned to La Cubierta Stadium on 27 December 2008 to perform their only concert in Spain of that tour. Today the band still tours in the US, Mexico, and Europe. In 2010 and 2011 Ska-P held their first tour in Japan.", "Q435188": "Dorothea Elizabeth Orem (July 15, 1914 \u2013 June 22, 2007), born in Baltimore, Maryland, was a nursing theorist and creator of the self-care deficit nursing theory, also known as the Orem model of nursing.", "Q41404": "Boris Sergeyevich Stechkin (1891\u20131969) was Russian scientist, engineer and inventor. He developed a theory of heat engines and was involved in construction of many Soviet aircraft engines. He was also co-developer of Sikorsky Ilya Muromets (the first four-engine airplane and bomber, 1913) and Lebedenko's Tsar Tank (the largest armored vehicle in history, 1916-1917).", "Q70801": "J\u00fcrgen Wullenwever (c. 1492 \u2013 29 September 1537) was burgomaster of L\u00fcbeck from 1533 to 1535, a period of religious, political and trade turmoil.", "Q251641": "\u00c1ngel Paredes Hortelano (La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n, January 12, 1965) better known as \u00c1ngel Gar\u00f3 is a Spanish actor and comedian. He lives in Malaga.[1]\nHe became very popular in the 1990s thanks to his performances in Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez and his show Personas humanas. He dubbed all the characters of the movie FernGully: The Last Rainforest in Spain, and he has taken part in different programs like Noche de Fiesta or Mira quien baila.\n\n", "Q219639": "William Tyndale (; sometimes spelled Tynsdale, Tindall, Tindill, Tyndall; c.\u20091494 \u2013 c.\u20096 October 1536) was an English scholar who became a leading figure in the Protestant Reformation in the years leading up to his execution. He is well known for his (incomplete) translation of the Bible into English, influenced by the work of Desiderius Erasmus and of Martin Luther.A number of partial English translations had been made from the seventh century onward, but the religious ferment caused by Wycliffe's Bible in the late 14th century led to the death penalty for anyone found in unlicensed possession of Scripture in English, although translations were available in all other major European languages.Tyndale worked during a Renaissance of scholarship, which saw the publication of Reuchlin's Hebrew grammar 1506. Greek was available to the European scholarly community for the first time in centuries, as it welcomed Greek-speaking intellectuals and texts following the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Notably, Erasmus compiled, edited, and published the Greek Scriptures in 1516. Luther's German Bible appeared in 1522.\nTyndale's translation was the first English Bible to draw directly from Hebrew and Greek texts, the first English translation to take advantage of the printing press, the first of the new English Bibles of the Reformation, and the first English translation to use Jehovah (\"Iehouah\") as God's name as preferred by English Protestant Reformers. It was taken to be a direct challenge to the hegemony of both the Catholic Church and the laws of England maintaining the church's position. \nA copy of Tyndale's The Obedience of a Christian Man (1528), which argued that the king of a country should be the head of that country's church rather than the pope, fell into the hands of the English king Henry VIII, providing a rationale to break the Church in England from the Catholic Church in 1534. Before this, in 1530, Tyndale wrote The Practyse of Prelates, opposing Henry's annulment of his own marriage on the grounds that it contravened Scripture.Fleeing England, Tyndale sought refuge in the Flemish territory of the Catholic Emperor Charles V. In 1535, Tyndale was arrested and jailed in the castle of Vilvoorde (Filford) outside Brussels for over a year. In 1536, he was convicted of heresy and executed by strangulation, after which his body was burnt at the stake. His dying prayer was that the King of England's eyes would be opened; this seemed to find its fulfillment just one year later with Henry's authorisation of the Matthew Bible, which was largely Tyndale's own work, with missing sections translated by John Rogers and Miles Coverdale. \nTyndale's translation of the Bible became a model for subsequent English translations, including the Great Bible and the Bishop's Bible, authorised by the church of England. In 1611, the 47 scholars who produced the King James Bible drew significantly from Tyndale's original work and the other translations that descended from his. One estimate suggests that the New Testament in the King James Version is 83% Tyndale's words, and the Old Testament 76%. Hence, the work of Tyndale continued to play a key role in spreading Reformation ideas across the English-speaking world, and eventually across the British Empire. In 2002, Tyndale was placed 26th in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.", "Q1854488": "The University of Idaho (U of I, or UIdaho) is a public university in the western United States, located in Moscow, Idaho. It is the state's land-grant and primary research university, and the lead university in the Idaho Space Grant Consortium. The University of Idaho was the state's sole university for 71 years, until 1963, and its College of Law, established in 1909, was first accredited by the American Bar Association in 1925.\nFormed by the territorial legislature on January 30, 1889, the university opened its doors in 1892 on October 3, with an initial class of 40 students. The first graduating class in 1896 contained two men and two women. It has an enrollment exceeding 12,000, with over 11,000 on the Moscow campus. The university offers 142 degree programs, from accountancy to wildlife resources, including bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and specialists' degrees. Certificates of completion are offered in 30 areas of study. At 25% and 53%, its 4 and 6 year graduation rates are the highest of any public university in Idaho, and it generates 74 percent of all research money in the state, with research expenditures of $100 million in 2010 alone.\nAs a land-grant university and the primary research university in the state, UI has the largest campus in the state at 1,585 acres (2.5 sq mi; 6.4 km2), in the rolling hills of the Palouse region at an elevation of 2,600 feet (790 m) above sea level. The school is home to the Idaho Vandals, who compete in NCAA Division I athletics. In addition to the main campus in Moscow, the UI has branch campuses in Coeur d'Alene, Boise, and Idaho Falls. It also operates a research park in Post Falls and dozens of extension offices statewide.", "Q162555": "Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. The name's etymological origin is the Greek word \u1f44\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 (\u00f3ngkos), meaning 1. \"burden, volume, mass\" and 2. \"barb\", and the Greek word \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 (logos), meaning \"study\".Cancer survival has improved due to three main components: improved prevention efforts to reduce exposure to risk factors (e.g., tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption), improved screening of several cancers (allowing for earlier diagnosis), and improvements in treatment.Cancers are often managed through discussion on multi-disciplinary cancer conferences where medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, and organ specific oncologists meet to find the best possible management for an individual patient considering the physical, social, psychological, emotional, and financial status of the patient. It is very important for oncologists to keep updated with respect to the latest advancements in oncology, as changes in management of cancer are quite common.\nBecause a cancer diagnosis can cause distress and anxiety, clinicians may use a number of strategies such as SPIKES for delivering the bad news.", "Q442300": "Mark W. Moses (born February 24, 1958) is an American actor, known for his roles of Paul Young on Desperate Housewives and Herman \"Duck\" Phillips on the AMC series Mad Men.", "Q57266": "Ernst Toller (1 December 1893 \u2013 22 May 1939) was a German left-wing playwright, best known for his Expressionist plays. He served in 1919 for six days as President of the short-lived Bavarian Soviet Republic, after which he became the head of its army. He was imprisoned for five years for his part in the armed resistance by the Soviet Republic to the central government in Berlin. While in prison Toller wrote several plays which gained him international renown. They were performed in London and New York as well as Berlin. In the year 2000, several of his plays were published in an English translation.\nIn 1933 Toller was exiled from Germany after the Nazis came to power. He did a lecture tour in 1936-1937 in the United States and Canada, settling in California for a while before going to New York. He joined other exiles there. Struggling financially and depressed at learning his brother and sister had been sent to a concentration camp in Germany, he committed suicide in May 1939.", "Q2833143": "Alexander Keith (5 October 1795 \u2013 14 December 1873) was the founder of Alexander Keith's Brewery, a businessman, politician and Freemason.", "Q2272901": "Uh Huh Her is an indie/rock/electropop band that was formed in January 2007. The band's name came from an album by artist PJ Harvey, titled Uh Huh Her. The band has mentioned several times changing their name to UHH (pronunciation \"U-H-H\"), as opposed to the full \"Uh Huh Her,\" believing the original name looks good in written form, but is awkward to pronounce. It is unclear at this time if the name change will be made official at any point.\n\n", "Q769883": "Augusto Goemine Thomson, who adopted the pseudonym Augusto d\u2019Halmar (April 23, 1882 \u2013 January 27, 1950) was a Chilean writer who earned the National Prize for Literature in 1942.\nD\u2019Halmar was the son of Auguste Goemine, a French navigator, and Manuela Thomson. He was born in Santiago de Chile, although he himself claimed to have been born in Valparaiso. He became widely known in Chile by his adopted nom de plume, Augusto d\u2019Halmar, in honour of his maternal great grandfather the Swede Baron de d\u2019Halmar. His paternal great grandfather was the Scotsman Alexander Cross. Augusto was left an orphan at the age of 10 and he was reared by his stepsisters. He was a pupil in the Miguel Amun\u00e1tegui Liceum from 1896 until he was interned in a Seminary which he abandoned in 1896 in order to devote himself entirely to literature. Good insights to Augusto's early life and family history can be read in \"La Colonia Tolstoiana\" by Fernando Santivan.", "Q93542": "Aquaman is a television pilot developed by Smallville creators Al Gough and Miles Millar for The WB Television Network, based on the DC Comics character of the same name. Gough and Millar wrote the pilot, which was directed by Greg Beeman. Justin Hartley starred as Arthur \"A.C.\" Curry, a young man living in a beachside community in the Florida Keys who learns about his powers and destiny as the Prince of Atlantis.\nThe Aquaman pilot was expected to debut in the fall schedule of 2006, but following the merger of the WB and UPN, the resulting CW Network opted not to buy the series. After they passed on the pilot, it was made available online through iTunes in the United States and became the number-one most downloaded television show on iTunes. It received generally favorable reviews, was later released on other online markets, and aired on Canadian television network YTV.", "Q365": "Cologne (English: k\u0259-LOHN; German: K\u00f6ln [k\u0153ln] (listen); K\u00f6lsch: K\u00f6lle [\u02c8k\u0153l\u0259] (listen)) is the largest city of Germany's most populous federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-most populous city in Germany. With slightly over a million inhabitants (1.08 million) within its city boundaries, Cologne is the largest city on the Rhine and also the most populous city both of the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region, which is Germany's largest and one of Europe's major metropolitan areas, and of the Rhineland. Centered on the left bank of the Rhine, Cologne is about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of North Rhine-Westphalia's capital of D\u00fcsseldorf and 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Bonn. It is the largest city in the Central Franconian and Ripuarian dialect areas.\nThe city's Cologne Cathedral (K\u00f6lner Dom) is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne. There are many institutions of higher education in the city, most notably the University of Cologne (Universit\u00e4t zu K\u00f6ln), one of Europe's oldest and largest universities, the Technical University of Cologne (Technische Hochschule K\u00f6ln), Germany's largest university of applied sciences, and the German Sport University Cologne (Deutsche Sporthochschule K\u00f6ln), Germany's only sport university. Cologne Bonn Airport (Flughafen K\u00f6ln/Bonn) is Germany's seventh-largest airport and lies in the southeast of the city. The main airport for the Rhine-Ruhr region is D\u00fcsseldorf Airport.\nCologne was founded and established in Ubii territory in the 1st century AD as the Roman Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, the first word of which is the origin of its name. An alternative Latin name of the settlement is Augusta Ubiorum, after the Ubii. \"Cologne\", the French version of the city's name, has become standard in English as well. Cologne functioned as the capital of the Roman province of Germania Inferior and as the headquarters of the Roman military in the region until occupied by the Franks in 462. During the Middle Ages the city flourished as being located on one of the most important major trade routes between east and western Europe. Cologne was one of the leading members of the Hanseatic League and one of the largest cities north of the Alps in medieval and Renaissance times. Prior to World War II, the city had undergone several occupations by the French and also by the British (1918\u20131926). Cologne was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II, with the Royal Air Force (RAF) dropping 34,711 long tons (35,268 tonnes) of bombs on the city.\nThe bombing reduced the population by 95%, mainly due to evacuation, and destroyed almost the entire city. With the intention of restoring as many historic buildings as possible, the successful postwar rebuilding has resulted in a very mixed and unique cityscape.\nCologne is a major cultural centre for the Rhineland; it hosts more than 30 museums and hundreds of galleries. Exhibitions range from local ancient Roman archeological sites to contemporary graphics and sculpture. The Cologne Trade Fair hosts a number of trade shows such as Art Cologne, imm Cologne, Gamescom, and the Photokina.", "Q47075": "Scarface is a 1983 American crime drama film directed by Brian De Palma, written by Oliver Stone, produced by Martin Bregman and distributed by Universal Pictures. It is a remake of the 1932 film and tells the story of Cuban refugee Tony Montana (Al Pacino) who arrives in 1980s Miami with nothing and rises to become a powerful drug lord. The cast also features Michelle Pfeiffer, Steven Bauer, Robert Loggia, F. Murray Abraham, and Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio.Pacino became interested in a remake of the 1932 version after seeing it, and he and producer Martin Bregman began to develop it. Sidney Lumet was initially hired to direct the film but was replaced by De Palma, who hired Stone to write the script. Filming took place from November 1982 to May 1983. The film was shot in Louisville and in Los Angeles. The film's soundtrack was composed by Giorgio Moroder. De Palma dedicated this version of Scarface after the writers of the original, Howard Hawks and Ben Hecht.Scarface premiered in New York City on December 1, 1983, and was released on December 9, 1983. The film grossed $45 million at the domestic box office and $66 million worldwide. Initial critical reception was negative due to its excessive violence, profanity, and graphic drug usage. Some Cuban expatriates in Miami objected to the film's portrayal of Cubans as criminals and drug traffickers. In the years that followed, however, critics have reappraised it, and it is now considered by some to be one of the best films in the crime genre, and one of the greatest remakes ever. Screenwriters and directors such as Martin Scorsese have praised the film, and it has been referenced extensively in pop culture, especially in hip hop music as well as comic books, television programs, and video games, although over the years, the film has been regarded as a cult film.", "Q35385": "Natalya Ilinichna Ionova (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430; born June 7, 1986) better known by her stage name Glukoza (Russian: \u0413\u043b\u044e\u043a\u043e\u0437\u0430, IPA: [\u0261l\u02b2\u028a\u02c8koz\u0259], lit. glucose), is a Russian singer.", "Q1060621": "Ankara University (Turkish: Ankara \u00dcniversitesi) is a public university in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. It was the first higher education institution founded in Turkey after the formation of the republic.The university has 40 vocational programs, 120 undergraduate programs and 110 graduate programs.", "Q169400": "Haruka Shimazaki (\u5cf6\u5d0e \u9065\u9999, Shimazaki Haruka, born March 30, 1994) is a Japanese actress, singer, and former member of the Japanese idol group AKB48. Her supposed apathetic attitude toward idol fans led to the popularity of the buzzword \"salty treatment\" (\u5869\u5bfe\u5fdc, shio tai\u014d) in Japanese media. Since graduating from AKB48 in 2016, Shimazaki has worked as an actress, including roles in Hiyokko, Nisekoi, and Tonde Saitama.", "Q311517": "Kevin Joseph Zegers (born September 19, 1984) is a Canadian actor and model. He is known for his roles as Josh Framm in the Air Bud film series, Toby Osbourne in Transamerica (2005), and Damien Dalgaard in the CW teen drama Gossip Girl. He has also starred in the films Dawn of the Dead (2004), It's a Boy Girl Thing (2006), The Jane Austen Book Club (2007), Fifty Dead Men Walking (2008), Frozen (2010), and The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones.", "Q288652": "Caitlin Jean Stasey (born 1 May 1990) is an Australian actress. She is known for her role as Rachel Kinski in Neighbours. Previously she played Francesca Thomas in The Sleepover Club, although her breakthrough movie role came in Tomorrow, When the War Began, a 2010 movie adaptation of the teen novel of the same name in which she played lead protagonist Ellie Linton. She also played Lady Kenna in the American series Reign from 2013 to 2015 and had a recurring role in the ABC2 series Please Like Me from 2013 to 2016. In 2017 Stasey starred as Ada on the Fox television drama APB, which was cancelled after one season in May 2017.", "Q7204": "The Middle East is a transcontinental region which includes Western Asia (although generally excluding the Caucasus) and all of Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa). The term has come into wider usage as a replacement of the term Near East (as opposed to the Far East) beginning in the early 20th century. The broader concept of the \"Greater Middle East\" (or Middle East and North Africa) also adds the Maghreb, Sudan, Djibouti, Somalia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and sometimes even Central Asia and Transcaucasia into the region. The term \"Middle East\" has led to some confusion over its changing definitions.\nMost Middle Eastern countries (13 out of 18) are part of the Arab world. The history of the Middle East dates back to ancient times, with the geopolitical importance of the region being recognized for millennia. Several major religions have their origins in the Middle East, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Arabs constitute the majority ethnic group in the region, followed by Turks, Persians, Kurds, Azeris, Copts, Jews, Assyrians, Iraqi Turkmen, and Greek Cypriots.\nThe Middle East generally has a hot, arid climate, with several major rivers providing irrigation to support agriculture in limited areas such as the Nile Delta in Egypt, the Tigris and Euphrates watersheds of Mesopotamia (Iraq, Kuwait, and eastern Syria), and most of what is known as the Fertile Crescent. The most populous countries in the region are Egypt, Iran, and Turkey, while Saudi Arabia is the largest Middle Eastern country by area. Most of the countries that border the Persian Gulf have vast reserves of crude oil, with monarchs of the Arabian Peninsula in particular benefiting economically from petroleum exports.", "Q140092": "Hurshid Ahmed Pasha (sometimes written Khurshid Ahmad Pasha; Turkish: Hur\u015fid Ahmed Pa\u015fa, Ottoman Turkish: \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u067e\u0627\u0634\u0627\u200e; died 30 November 1822) was an Ottoman general and Grand Vizier during the early 19th century.", "Q627520": "Brainstorm (Latvian: Pr\u0101ta V\u0113tra) is a Latvian pop/rock band. The band became popular internationally in 2000, when they finished third in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000 with the song \"My Star\".", "Q150281": "Dorothy Day (November 8, 1897 \u2013 November 29, 1980) was an American journalist, social activist, Christian anarchist, and Catholic convert. Day initially lived a bohemian lifestyle before gaining public attention as a social activist after her conversion. She was a political radical, perhaps the best known radical in American Catholic Church history.Day's conversion is described in her autobiography, The Long Loneliness. Day was also an active journalist, and described her social activism in her writings. In 1917 she was imprisoned as a member of suffragist Alice Paul's nonviolent Silent Sentinels. In the 1930s, Day worked closely with fellow activist Peter Maurin to establish the Catholic Worker Movement, a pacifist movement that combines direct aid for the poor and homeless with nonviolent direct action on their behalf. She practiced civil disobedience, which led to additional arrests in 1955, 1957, and in 1973 at the age of seventy-five. As part of the Catholic Worker Movement, Day co-founded the Catholic Worker newspaper in 1933, and served as its editor from 1933 until her death in 1980. In this newspaper, Day advocated the Catholic economic theory of distributism, which she considered a third way between capitalism and socialism. Pope Benedict XVI used her conversion story as an example of how to \"journey towards faith... in a secularized environment.\" In an address before the United States Congress, Pope Francis included her in a list of four exemplary Americans who \"buil[t] a better future\". The Church has opened the cause for Day's possible canonization, which was accepted by the Holy See for investigation. For that reason, the Church refers to her with the title of Servant of God.", "Q45662": "Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Prince of Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein ( MET-\u0259r-nikh; German: Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar F\u00fcrst von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein [\u02c8kle\u02d0m\u0259ns f\u0254n \u02c8m\u025bt\u0250n\u026a\u00e7]; 15 May 1773 \u2013 11 June 1859) was an Austrian diplomat who was at the center of European affairs for four decades as the Austrian Empire's foreign minister from 1809 and Chancellor from 1821 until the liberal Revolutions of 1848 forced his resignation.\nBorn into the House of Metternich in 1773 as the son of a diplomat, Metternich received a good education at the universities of Strasbourg and Mainz. Metternich rose through key diplomatic posts, including ambassadorial roles in the Kingdom of Saxony, the Kingdom of Prussia, and especially Napoleonic France. One of his first assignments as Foreign Minister was to engineer a d\u00e9tente with France that included the marriage of Napoleon to the Austrian archduchess Marie Louise. Soon after, he engineered Austria's entry into the War of the Sixth Coalition on the Allied side, signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau that sent Napoleon into exile and led the Austrian delegation at the Congress of Vienna that divided post-Napoleonic Europe amongst the major powers. For his service to the Austrian Empire, he was given the title of Prince in October 1813. Under his guidance, the \"Metternich system\" of international congresses continued for another decade as Austria aligned itself with Russia and to a lesser extent Prussia. This marked the high point of Austria's diplomatic importance and thereafter Metternich slowly slipped into the periphery of international diplomacy. At home, Metternich held the post of Chancellor of State from 1821 until 1848 under both Francis I and his son Ferdinand I. After a brief exile in London, Brighton, and Brussels that lasted until 1851, he returned to the Viennese court, this time to offer only advice to Ferdinand's successor, Franz Josef. Having outlived his generation of politicians, Metternich died at the age of 86 in 1859.\nA traditional conservative, Metternich was keen to maintain the balance of power, in particular by resisting Russian territorial ambitions in Central Europe and lands belonging to the Ottoman Empire. He disliked liberalism and strove to prevent the breakup of the Austrian Empire, for example, by crushing nationalist revolts in Austrian north Italy. At home, he pursued a similar policy, using censorship and a wide-ranging spy network to suppress unrest. Metternich has been both praised and heavily criticized for the policies he pursued. His supporters pointed out that he presided over the \"Age of Metternich\", when international diplomacy helped prevent major wars in Europe. His qualities as a diplomat were commended, some noting that his achievements were considerable in light of the weakness of his negotiating position. Meanwhile, his detractors argued that he could have done much to secure Austria's future, and he was deemed a stumbling block to reforms in Austria.", "Q156828": "Boles\u0142awiec [b\u0254l\u025b\u02c8swav\u02b2\u025bt\u0361s] (listen) (German: Bunzlau) is a town located on the B\u00f3br River in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwestern Poland, with 38,852 inhabitants (2019). It is the administrative seat of Boles\u0142awiec County, and of Gmina Boles\u0142awiec (although it is not part of the territory of the latter, the town being an urban gmina in its own right). Boles\u0142awiec was previously in Jelenia G\u00f3ra Voivodeship (1975\u20131998).\nFor its long-standing pottery-making tradition, Boles\u0142awiec is celebrated as Miasto Ceramiki or \"Town of Ceramics\".", "Q379873": "Who Framed Roger Rabbit? is a 1988 American live-action/animated mystery comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Frank Marshall and Robert Watts and written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman. It is based on the 1981 novel Who Censored Roger Rabbit? by Gary K. Wolf, it stars Bob Hoskins, Christopher Lloyd, Charles Fleischer, Stubby Kaye and Joanna Cassidy. Set in a 1947 version of Hollywood where cartoon characters and people co-exist, it follows Eddie Valiant, a private detective who must exonerate \"Toon\" (i.e. cartoon character) Roger Rabbit, who is accused of murdering a wealthy businessman.\nWalt Disney Pictures purchased the film rights for the film's story in 1981. Price and Seaman wrote two drafts of the script before Disney brought in executive producer Steven Spielberg and his production company, Amblin Entertainment. Zemeckis was brought on to direct the film while Canadian animator Richard Williams was hired to supervise the animation sequences. Production was moved from Los Angeles to Elstree Studios in England to accommodate Williams and his group of animators. While filming, the production budget began to rapidly expand and the shooting schedule ran longer than expected.\nThe film was released through Disney's Touchstone Pictures banner on June 22, 1988, to critical and commercial success, becoming a blockbuster hit. It brought a renewed interest in the Golden Age of American animation, spearheading modern American animation and the Disney Renaissance. It won three Academy Awards for Best Film Editing, Best Sound Effects Editing and Best Visual Effects and received a Special Achievement Academy Award for its animation direction by Williams. In 2016, it was selected for the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q1707387": "Joseph Kekuku (1874\u20131932) is reportedly the inventor of the steel guitar.", "Q215017": "Rhys Ifans (Welsh pronunciation: [r\u0325\u0268\u02d0s \u02c8ivans]; born Rhys Owain Evans; 22 July 1967) is a Welsh actor, producer and musician. He is known for his portrayal of characters such as Spike in Notting Hill, Jed Parry in Enduring Love, Eyeball Paul in Kevin & Perry Go Large and Dr. Curt Connors / The Lizard in The Amazing Spider-Man. Ifans appeared as Xenophilius Lovegood in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 1.\nIfans had a recurring role as Mycroft Holmes in the CBS series Elementary. As of autumn 2016, he played Hector DeJean on the U.S. pay-cable Epix network's CIA espionage thriller Berlin Station for three seasons. He is a member of the rock group The Peth and a former member of the Super Furry Animals.", "Q130561": "Abul-Hasan Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn Al-Musawi known in Arabic as al-Sharif al-Radi (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u064a\u200e) and in Persian as Sharif Razi (Persian: \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0636\u06cc\u200e) or Seyyed Razi (Persian: \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0636\u06cc\u200e) was a Shi'ite Muslim scholar and poet, who was born in 359 AH/970 CE in Baghdad and died in the year 406/1015 in his hometown. His grave is located in Kazmain, Iraq. He is popularly known by his laqab (nickname) Razi. He wrote several books on Islamic issues and interpretation of the Quran. His best-known book is Nahj al-Balaghah, whose manuscript copy dating from 1158 AD is preserved in the Raza Library established by Nawab Faizullah Khan of Rampur, India in 1774 AD.", "Q98403": "Siegfried Reiprich (born 15 February 1955 in Jena) is a German human rights activist and author. He was involved in the resistance against the communist regime of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), which led to him being expelled from university and eventually banished from the GDR. In 2009, he was appointed by the Government of Saxony as the Director of the Stiftung S\u00e4chsische Gedenkst\u00e4tten. In 2011, he was elected as a member of the Executive Board of the Platform of European Memory and Conscience.\nIn 1981, he was forced to leave East Germany and settled in West Berlin. He became active in the peace movement in West Germany and joined the SPD in 1983. In 1992, he left the SPD, and in 1998, he joined the CDU along with several other former human rights activists from East Germany.", "Q3380100": "Areva S.A. was a French multinational group specializing in nuclear power and renewable energy headquartered in Paris, France. Before its 2016 corporate restructuring, Areva was majority-owned by the French state through the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (54.37%), Banque publique d'investissement (3.32%), and Agence des participations de l'\u00c9tat (28.83%). \u00c9lectricit\u00e9 de France, of which the French government has a majority ownership stake, owned 2.24%; Kuwait Investment Authority owned 4.82% as the second largest shareholder after the French state. The company was listed at the European stock exchange Euronext. \nAs a part of the restructuring program following its insolvency, Areva sold out or discontinued its renewable energy businesses, sold its reactors business subsidiary Areva NP (now: Framatome) to EDF and its nuclear propulsion and research reactors subsidiary Areva TA (now: Technicatome) to Agence des participations de l'\u00c9tat, and separated its nuclear cycle business into a separate company New Areva (later: Orano). As a result, Areva S.A. became wholly state-owned by the French government, remaining responsible only for the liabilities related to the Olkiluoto 3 project in Finland and holding a 40% stake in Orano.", "Q97730": "Erhard Wittek (3 December 1898 \u2013 4 June 1981), better known for his pen name Fritz Steuben, was a German author who wrote war novels and stories depicting American Indians (particularly the life of the Shawnee chief Tecumseh). Steuben wrote war novels based on personal experiences in World War I (especially \"Durchbruch anno achtzehn. Ein Fronterlebnis\" Stuttgart:Franckh, 1933) and other novels under his birth name.", "Q161048": "Johann Alois Senefelder (6 November 1771 \u2013 26 February 1834) was a German actor and playwright who invented the printing technique of lithography in the 1790s.", "Q299993": "Radomir \"Rade\" Markovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0420\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; 14 October 1921 \u2013 10 September 2010) was a Serbian actor. He performed in more than ninety films between 1948 and 2005. He was married to actress Olivera Markovi\u0107 from 1945 until they divorced in 1964.", "Q2973201": "Political cinema in the narrow sense of the term is a cinema which portrays current or historical events or social conditions in a partisan way in order to inform or to agitate the spectator. Political cinema exists in different forms such as documentaries, feature films, or even animated and experimental films.", "Q214309": "Nigel John Dermot \"Sam\" Neill (born 14 September 1947) is a New Zealand actor, writer, producer, director, and vineyard proprietor. \nBorn in Omagh, Northern Ireland, he moved to Christchurch, New Zealand, with his family in 1954. Neill first achieved recognition with his appearance in the 1977 film Sleeping Dogs, which he followed with leading roles in My Brilliant Career (1979), Omen III: The Final Conflict, Possession (both 1981), A Cry in the Dark (1988), Dead Calm (1989), and The Piano (1993). He came to international prominence as Dr. Alan Grant in Jurassic Park (1993).Outside of film, Neill has appeared in numerous television series, including Reilly, Ace of Spies (1983), The Simpsons (1994), Merlin (1998), The Tudors (2007), Crusoe (2008\u20132010), Happy Town (2010), Alcatraz (2012), Peaky Blinders (2013\u20132014) and Rick & Morty (2019). He has also presented and narrated several documentaries.\nNeill is the recipient of the Longford Lyell Award and the New Zealand Film Award and also the Logie Award for Most Outstanding Actor. He has three Golden Globe and two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. He lives in Queenstown and has three children and one stepchild.", "Q1071738": "Chiba Institute of Technology (\u5343\u8449\u5de5\u696d\u5927\u5b66, Chiba k\u014dgy\u014d daigaku) is a private university in Narashino, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Abbreviated as Chiba k\u014ddai (\u5343\u8449\u5de5\u5927, Chiba k\u014ddai), Chiba k\u014d (\u5343\u8449\u5de5, Chiba k\u014d), k\u014ddai (\u5de5\u5927, k\u014ddai), sen k\u014ddai (\u5343\u5de5\u5927, sen k\u014ddai).\nThe school was founded in 1942 in Machida, Tokyo. In 1946 it was relocated to Kimitsu, Chiba Prefecture, adopted the present name at the same time. Four years later, it was moved to the present location. It is the oldest private technical university in Japan.\nCIT was conceived as a central educational institution of Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere\uff0eDuring the Second World War, the professor at CIT was involved in the development of Nakajima Kikka\uff0e", "Q55465": "Gabriele Salvatores (born 30 July 1950) is an Italian Academy Award-winning film director and screenwriter.\n\n", "Q64860": "Kirchberg is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q139223": "Sir Peter Maxwell Davies (8 September 1934 \u2013 14 March 2016) was a British composer and conductor, who in 2004 was made Master of the Queen's Music.As a student at both the University of Manchester and the Royal Manchester College of Music, Davies formed a group dedicated to contemporary music called the New Music Manchester with fellow students Harrison Birtwistle, Alexander Goehr, Elgar Howarth and John Ogdon. Davies\u2019s compositions include eight works for the stage\u2014from the monodrama Eight Songs for a Mad King, which shocked the audience in 1969, to Kommilitonen!, first performed in 2011\u2014and ten symphonies, written between 1973 and 2013. \nAs a conductor, Davies was artistic director of the Dartington International Summer School from 1979 to 1984 and associate conductor/composer with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra from 1992 to 2002, holding the latter position with the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra as well.", "Q167439": "Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen (Maria Christina Johanna Josepha Antonia; 13 May 1742 \u2013 24 June 1798), was the fifth child of Maria Theresa of Austria and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. Married in 1766 to Prince Albert of Saxony, the couple received the Duchy of Teschen, and she was appointed Governor of the Austrian Netherlands jointly with her husband during 1781\u20131789 and 1791\u20131792. After two expulsions from the Netherlands (in 1789 and 1792), she lived with her husband in Vienna until her death.", "Q1661": "In the countable sense, a verse is formally a single metrical line in a poetic composition. However, verse has come to represent any division or grouping of words in a poetic composition, with groupings traditionally having been referred to as stanzas.\nIn the uncountable (mass noun) sense verse refers to \"poetry\" as contrasted to prose. Where the common unit of verse is based on meter or rhyme, the common unit of prose is purely grammatical, such as a sentence or paragraph.In the second sense verse is also used pejoratively in contrast to poetry to suggest work that is too pedestrian or too incompetent to be classed as poetry.", "Q261796": "Erin Lynn Cummings (born July 19, 1977) is an American actress. She has appeared in the television series Star Trek: Enterprise, Charmed, Dante's Cove, The Bold and the Beautiful, Cold Case, Dollhouse, Spartacus: Blood and Sand, and Detroit 1-8-7.\n\n", "Q2671033": "The Alley of Honor (Azerbaijani: F\u0259xri Xiyaban, Honorary All\u00e9e) is a public cemetery and memorial in Baku, Azerbaijan. The Alley includes burials of famed Azerbaijanis and Azerbaijan-affiliated expatriates, including several Presidents, scientists and artists. There are 242 burials in total.", "Q51603": "Lili Haydn (born 1969) is an American rock violinist, vocalist, recording artist, and composer. As a child, she pursued a career as an actress; at age eight she discovered the violin and began to focus on classical music. By the time Haydn was 15, she had played with the Los Angeles Philharmonic.After graduating from Brown University with a BA in political science, Haydn started composing original songs and became one of the most requested session violinists around Los Angeles. By the time she signed with Atlantic in 1997, she had embraced a variety of genres, having played with Quwaali musician Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Porno for Pyros, Tracy Chapman, The Jayhawks, Brandy, Tony! Toni! Tone!, No Doubt, Tom Petty and more. In addition, she has played with, sung with, and opened for Sting, Josh Groban, Herbie Hancock, Robert Plant & Jimmy Page, Matchbox 20, Seal, and George Clinton, who calls her \"the Jimi Hendrix of the violin\".", "Q95127": "Brian David Sibley (born 14 July 1949) is an English writer. He is author of over 100 hours of radio drama and has written and presented hundreds of radio documentaries, features and weekly programmes. He is widely known as the author of many film \"making of\" books, including those for the Harry Potter series and The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit trilogies.", "Q644911": "Tom Hughes (born 18 April 1985) is an English actor, known for his roles as Prince Albert in the ITV drama Victoria and Joe Lambe in the BBC drama The Game. Hughes has also portrayed Michael Rogers in Agatha Christie's Marple, Jonty Millingden in the ITV drama Trinity, Chaz Jankel in Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll, Bruce Pearson in Cemetery Junction, and Nick Slade in the BBC legal drama Silk. In 2019, it was announced that Hughes would play the role of Christopher Marlowe in the second series of A Discovery of Witches.", "Q355341": "Mana (Japanese: \u9b54\u540d) is a Japanese musician, songwriter, record producer, and fashion designer, best known as guitarist of the visual kei rock band Malice Mizer from 1992 to 2001. A year after they went on indefinite hiatus, Mana formed his solo project, the gothic metal band Moi dix Mois. His clothing label, Moi-m\u00eame-Moiti\u00e9, aims to popularize the Gothic Lolita fashion movement.", "Q1544206": "Maria Patricia Kelly (born 25 November 1969) is an Irish-American singer and songwriter. Born in Gamonal, Spain, she came to prominence with her musical family The Kelly Family, a multi-generational pop group that achieved success in Europe in the 1990s. During their hiatus, Kelly released several solo albums.", "Q58141": "Ra\u015fit \u00d6wezgeldi\u00fdewi\u00e7 Meredow (Cyrillic: \u0420\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0442 \u04e8\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432; born 1960) is a Turkmen politician and diplomat who has served in the Government of Turkmenistan as Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2001, as well as a Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, analogous to a Vice-President, since 2007.Born in a lawyer's family, Meredow studied at Moscow State University in the faculty of law. He made a diplomatic career in the independent Turkmenistan. In 2007, shortly after President Saparmurat Niyazov's death, he was appointed as Deputy Prime Minister responsible for the police and army.\n\n", "Q499510": "The University of Liverpool is a public university based in the city of Liverpool, England. Founded as a college in 1881, it gained its royal charter in 1903 with the ability to award degrees and is also known to be one of the six original 'red brick' civic universities. It comprises three faculties organised into 35 departments and schools. It is a founding member of the Russell Group, the N8 Group for research collaboration and the university management school is AACSB accredited.Ten Nobel Prize winners are amongst its alumni and past faculty and the university offers more than 230 first degree courses across 103 subjects. Its alumni include the CEOs of GlobalFoundries, ARM Holdings, Tesco, Motorola and The Coca-Cola Company. It was the world's first university to establish departments in oceanography, civic design, architecture, and biochemistry at the Johnston Laboratories. In 2006 the university became the first in the UK to establish an independent university in China, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, making it the world's first Sino-British university. For 2018-19, Liverpool had a turnover of \u00a3577.7 million, including \u00a398.7 million from research grants and contracts. It has the sixth largest endowment of any university in England.\nGraduates of the university are styled with the post-nominal letters Lpool, to indicate the institution.\nThe university previously had a strategic partnership with Laureate International Universities, a for-profit college collective, for University of Liverpool online degrees. In 2019 the University announced a new partnership with Kaplan Open Learning for delivery of their online degrees.", "Q57272": "Paul Biya (born Paul Barth\u00e9lemy Biya'a bi Mvondo; 13 February 1933) is a Cameroonian politician serving as the President of Cameroon since 6 November 1982.A native of Cameroon's south, Biya rose rapidly as a bureaucrat under President Ahmadou Ahidjo in the 1960s, serving as Secretary-General of the Presidency from 1968 to 1975 and then as Prime Minister of Cameroon from 1975 to 1982. He succeeded Ahidjo as president upon the latter's surprise resignation in 1982 and consolidated power in a 1983\u20131984 staged attempted coup in which he eliminated all his rivals.\nIts regime is supported by France, which supplies it with weapons and trains its forces. France is the leading foreign investor, ahead of the United States. One hundred and five French subsidiaries are located in all key sectors (oil, timber, construction, mobile telephony, transport, banking, insurance, etc.).Biya introduced political reforms within the context of a one-party system in the 1980s. Under serious pressure, he accepted the introduction of multiparty politics in the early 1990s. He won the contentious 1992 presidential election with 40% of the plural, single-ballot vote and was re-elected by large margins in 1997, 2004, 2011 and 2018. Opposition politicians and Western governments have alleged voting irregularities and fraud on each of these occasions. Many independent sources have provided evidence that he did not win the elections in 1992, and that subsequent elections were rampant with fraud.Biya is currently the longest-ruling non-royal leader in the world and the oldest ruler in Africa.\nBiya has maintained Cameroon's close relationship with France, one of Cameroon's former colonial rulers besides the United Kingdom and Germany.", "Q92890": "Richard S. Wallace is an American author of AIML and Botmaster of A.L.I.C.E. (Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity). He is also the founder of the A.L.I.C.E Artificial Intelligence Foundation. Dr. Wallace's work has appeared in the New York Times, WIRED, CNN, ZDTV and in numerous foreign language publications across Asia, Latin America and Europe.\nWallace began work on A.L.I.C.E. in 1995, and the project has gained contributions from over 500 developers from around the world. A.L.I.C.E. won the Loebner Prize in 2000, 2001, and 2004. In 2002 Wallace began a collaboration with Franz, Inc. which resulted in Pandorabots, an AIML server and interpreter implemented in Common Lisp. Wallace then became the Chief Science Officer of Pandorabots, Inc.Richard Wallace was born in Portland, Maine in 1960. He earned his Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1989.", "Q1065995": "Charles Sparks Thomas (September 28, 1897 \u2013 October 17, 1983) was a U.S. administrator. He served as Secretary of the Navy between May 3, 1954 and April 1, 1957.\nThomas was born in Independence, Missouri, and he attended the University of California and Cornell University. During World War I, he served as a naval aviator. He joined the Eisenhower Administration in 1953 as Undersecretary of the Navy; later that year, he designated an Assistant Secretary of Defense. \nDuring the 1930s, Thomas worked for Foreman and Clark. Thomas became president of Trans World Airlines on 2 July 1958, and served until 28 July 1960. He subsequently was the president of the Irvine Company, which developed sprawling Southern California suburbs, through 1966. Thomas was director of several large corporations, including Lockheed.", "Q371": "!!! ( chk-chk-chk) is an American dance-punk band from Sacramento, California, formed in 1995 by lead singer Nic Offer. Members of !!! came from other local bands such as the Yah Mos, Black Liquorice and Pope Smashers. They are currently based in New York City. The band's eighth album, Wallop, was released in August 2019.", "Q93556": "Vadim Mi\u0219in (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d; born 12 March 1945 in Kulsary, Guriev Oblast, Soviet Kazakhstan \u2013 d. 18 October 2016 in Chi\u0219in\u0103u) was a Moldovan general-major of police, and politician, member of Parliament of Moldova between 1998 and 2014, and former president of the Revival Party (2012\u20132016).A long-time PCRM member, at 9 June 2012 he left the party together with Oleg Babenco and Tatiana Botnariuc.", "Q172034": "Ronnie Bucknum (April 5, 1936 \u2013 April 23, 1992) was an American racecar driver, born in Alhambra, California.\nBucknum participated in 11 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on August 2, 1964. He scored a total of two championship points. At the 1964 German Grand Prix, he became the first person to drive a Honda-engined car in Formula One.\nAfter Formula One, Bucknum drove in the USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1967\u20131970 seasons with 23 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 in 1968\u20131970. He finished in the top ten 10 times, with his one victory coming at Michigan International Speedway in 1968.\nHe was the father of Jeff Bucknum, an Indy Racing League and American Le Mans Series driver. Ronnie Bucknum died in San Luis Obispo, California following complications from diabetes.", "Q2466285": "The Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Macedonian: \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0423\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u041c\u0410\u041d\u0423) is an important academic institution in North Macedonia.", "Q95899": "Willy Leow (25 January 1887 \u2013 3 October 1937) was a German artisan (carpenter) and politician of the Communist Party of Germany.", "Q3542768": "The Faculty of Philology is one of the constituent schools of the University of Belgrade. The school's purpose is to train and educate its students in the academic study or practice in linguistics and philology.", "Q93230": "Rawalpindi ( or ; Punjabi, Urdu: \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0644\u067e\u0650\u0646\u0688\u0649\u200e, R\u0101walpi\u1e47\u1e0d\u012b), commonly known as Pindi (Punjabi: \u067e\u0650\u0646\u0688\u06cc), is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Rawalpindi is adjacent to Pakistan's capital of Islamabad, and the two are jointly known as the \"twin cities\" on account of strong social and economic links between the cities. Rawalpindi is the fourth-largest city in Pakistan by population, while the larger Islamabad Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.\nRawalpindi is located on the Pothohar Plateau, known for its ancient Buddhist heritage, especially in the neighbouring town of Taxila \u2013 a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city was destroyed during the invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni before being taken over by Gakhars in 1493. In 1765, the ruling Gakhars were defeated as the city came under Sikh rule, and eventually became a major city within the Sikh Empire based in Lahore. The city was conquered by the British Raj in 1849, and in 1851 became the largest garrison town for the British Indian Army. Following the partition of British India in 1947, the city became home to the headquarters of Pakistan Army hence retaining its status as a major military city.\n\nConstruction of Pakistan's new purpose-built national capital city of Islamabad in 1961 led to greater investment in the city, as well as a brief stint as the country's capital immediately before completion of Islamabad. Modern Rawalpindi is socially and economically intertwined with Islamabad, and the greater metropolitan area. The city is also home to numerous suburban housing developments that serve as bedroom-communities for workers in Islamabad. As home to GHQ of Pakistan Army & Benazir Bhutto International Airport, and with connections to the M-1 and M-2 motorways, Rawalpindi is a major logistics and transportation centre for northern Pakistan. The city is also home to historic havelis and temples, and serves as a hub for tourists visiting Rohtas Fort, Azad Kashmir, Taxila and Gilgit-Baltistan.\n\n", "Q1160621": "Local history is the study of history in a geographically local context and it often concentrates on the local community. It incorporates cultural and social aspects of history. Local history is not merely national history writ small but a study of past events in a given geographical but one that is based on a wide variety of documentary evidence and placed in a comparative context that is both regional and national. Historic plaques are one form of documentation of significant occurrences in the past and oral histories are another.\nLocal history is often documented by local historical societies or groups that form to preserve a local historic building or other historic site. Many works of local history are compiled by amateur historians working independently or archivists employed by various organizations. An important aspect of local history is the publication and cataloguing of documents preserved in local or national records which relate to particular areas.\nIn a number of countries a broader concept of local lore is known, which is a comprehensive study of everything pertaining to a certain locality: history, ethnography, geography, natural history, etc.", "Q256884": "Thomas Ian Nicholas (born July 10, 1980) is an American film actor, singer, musician, producer, director, and writer. Nicholas is best known for playing Henry Rowengartner in Rookie of the Year, Walt Disney in Walt Before Mickey and Kevin Myers in the American Pie film series.", "Q267481": "Laurence Oliphant (3 August 1829 \u2013 23 December 1888), a Member of Parliament, was a South African-born British author, traveller, diplomat, British intelligence agent, Christian mystic, and Christian Zionist. In his lifetime, his best known book was his satirical novel Piccadilly (1870). In modern times, his scheme for planting Jewish agricultural colonies in the Holy Land, The Land of Gilead, draws more attention.Oliphant was Member of Parliament for Stirling Burghs.", "Q652815": "Lawrence Alan Kudlow (born August 20, 1947) is the Director of the United States National Economic Council. He assumed that role in 2018 after previous employment as a financial analyst and a television financial news host.Kudlow began his career as a junior financial analyst at the New York Federal Reserve. He soon left government to work on Wall Street at Paine Webber and Bear Stearns as a financial analyst. In 1981, after previously volunteering and working for left-wing politicians and causes, Kudlow joined the administration of Ronald Reagan as associate director for economics and planning in the Office of Management and Budget.After leaving the Reagan Administration during the second term, Kudlow returned to Wall Street and Bear Stearns, serving as the firm's chief economist from 1987 until 1994. During this time, he also advised the gubernatorial campaign of Christine Todd Whitman on economic issues. In the late 1990s, after a publicized battle with cocaine and alcohol addiction, Kudlow left Wall Street to become an economic media commentator \u2013 first with National Review, and later hosting several shows on CNBC.\nKudlow returned to politics in 2018, serving as Gary Cohn's replacement at the National Economic Council.", "Q218255": "The Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) are an English rock band formed in Birmingham in 1970 by songwriters-multi-instrumentalists Jeff Lynne and Roy Wood with drummer Bev Bevan. Their music is characterised by a fusion of Beatlesque pop, classical arrangements and futuristic iconography. After Wood's departure in 1972, Lynne became the band's sole leader, arranging and producing every album while writing nearly all of their original material. For their initial tenure, Lynne, Bevan and keyboardist Richard Tandy were the group's only consistent members.\nELO was formed out of Lynne's and Wood's desire to create modern rock and pop songs with classical overtones. It derived as an offshoot of Wood's previous band, The Move, of which Lynne and Bevan were also members. During the 1970s and 1980s, ELO released a string of top 10 albums and singles, including two LPs that reached the top of British charts: the disco-inspired Discovery (1979) and the science-fiction-themed concept album Time (1981). In 1986, Lynne lost interest in the band and disbanded the group. Bevan responded by forming his own band, ELO Part II, which later became the Orchestra. After a brief reunion from 2000\u201301, ELO remained largely inactive until 2014, when Lynne re-formed the band again with Tandy as Jeff Lynne's ELO.During ELO's original 14-year period of active recording and touring, they sold over 50 million records worldwide, and collected 19 CRIA, 21 RIAA, and 38 BPI awards. For a period in the mid-1970s, the band saw more success in the United States, where they were billed as \"the English guys with the big fiddles\". From 1972 to 1986, ELO accumulated twenty-seven Top 40 songs on the UK Singles Chart, and fifteen Top 20 songs on the US Billboard Hot 100. The band also holds the record for having the most Billboard Hot 100 Top 40 hits (20) without a number one single of any band in US chart history. In 2017 the ELO line-up of Wood, Lynne, Bevan and Tandy were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Q364822": "Scott Kellerman Foley (born July 15, 1972) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter. Foley is known for roles in television shows such as The Unit, Scrubs, Felicity, and Scandal, and in films such as Scream 3. He has also guest starred in series including Grey's Anatomy, Dawson's Creek, and House.", "Q3725987": "Enrico Piaggio (22 February 1905 \u2013 16 October 1965) was an Italian industrialist.\n\n", "Q381110": "Raoul Bova (born 14 August 1971) is an Italian actor.", "Q691686": "Not to be confused with the similarly-named Geneva School of Diplomacy and International RelationsThe Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, or the Graduate Institute (in French: Institut de hautes \u00e9tudes internationales et du d\u00e9veloppement (previously known as Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes internationales), abbreviated IHEID (previously HEI, IHEI, or IUHEI) is a government-accredited postgraduate institution of higher education located in Geneva, Switzerland.The institution counts one UN secretary-general (Kofi Annan), seven Nobel Prize recipients, one Pulitzer Prize winner, and numerous ambassadors, foreign ministers, and heads of state among its alumni and faculty. Founded by two senior League of Nations officials, the Graduate Institute maintains strong links with that international organisation's successor, the United Nations, and many alumni have gone on to work at UN agencies.\nFounded in 1927, the Graduate Institute of International Studies (IHEI or HEI) is continental Europe's oldest school of international relations and was the world's first graduate institute dedicated solely to the study of international affairs. It offered one of the first doctoral programmes in international relations in the world. In 2008, the Graduate Institute absorbed the Graduate Institute of Development Studies, a smaller postgraduate institution also based in Geneva founded in 1961. The merger resulted in the current Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.Today the school enrols close to a thousand postgraduate students from over 100 countries. Foreign students make up nearly 90% of the student body and the school is officially a bilingual English-French institution, although the majority of classes are in English. With Maison de la Paix acting as its primary seat of learning, the Institute's campuses are located blocks from the United Nations Office at Geneva, International Labour Organization, World Trade Organization, World Health Organization, International Committee of the Red Cross, World Intellectual Property Organization and many other international organisations.It runs joint degree programmes with universities such as Smith College and Yale University, and is Harvard Kennedy School's only partner institution to co-deliver double degrees.The school is a member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA), a group of schools that specialize in public policy, public administration, and international affairs.", "Q208046": "US Airways (formerly USAir) was a major American airline that ceased to operate independently when the Federal Aviation Administration granted a single operating certificate (SOC) for US Airways and American Airlines on April 8, 2015. Publicly, the two carriers appeared to merge when their reservations systems and booking processes were merged on October 17, 2015; however, other systems were still separate at that time. The airline had an extensive international and domestic network, with 193 destinations in 24 countries in North America, South America, Europe, and the Middle East. The airline was a member of the Star Alliance, before becoming an affiliate member of Oneworld in March 2014. US Airways had 343 mainline jets, as well as 278 regional jet and turboprops flown by contract and subsidiary airlines under the name US Airways Express via code sharing agreements.\nThe carrier operated the US Airways Shuttle, a US Airways brand that flew hourly between Logan International Airport in Boston, LaGuardia Airport in New York City, and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport in Washington, D.C. As of October 2013, US Airways employed 32,312 people worldwide and operated 3,028 daily flights (1,241 US Airways Mainline, 1,790 US Airways Express) Roughly 60% of US Airways flights were operated by US Airways Express.In October 1979, after passage of the Airline Deregulation Act, Allegheny Airlines changed its name to USAir. A decade later it had acquired Piedmont Airlines and Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA), and was one of the U.S.'s seven transcontinental legacy carriers. In 2005 America West Airlines carried out a reverse merger, acquiring the assets and branding of the larger US Airways while putting the America West leadership team largely in charge of the merged airline.\nIn February 2013 American Airlines and US Airways announced plans to merge, creating the largest airline in the world. The holding companies of American and US Airways merged effective December 9, 2013. In preparation for their eventual integration, the airlines began offering reciprocal frequent flyer benefits on January 7, 2014, and US Airways left Star Alliance to join Oneworld on March 31, 2014. The combined airline carries the American Airlines name and branding and will maintain the existing US Airways hubs in Charlotte, Philadelphia, Phoenix, and Washington for a period of at least five years under the terms of a settlement with the Department of Justice and several state attorneys general. US Airways management runs the combined airline from the American headquarters in Fort Worth, Texas. On April 8, 2015, the FAA officially granted a single operating certificate for both carriers, marking the end of US Airways as an independent carrier. The brand continued to exist until October.On July 13, 2015 American announced plans to discontinue the US Airways name on October 17, 2015. On that date, the final US Airways flight was San Francisco to Philadelphia via Phoenix and Charlotte, operating as Flight 1939\u2014with 1939 commemorating the birth of All American Aviation, which eventually became US Airways. Repainting of US Airways' planes into the American Airlines scheme was expected to take until \"late 2016\", with new flight attendant uniforms also being introduced in 2016, when US Airways' brand was no longer on its planes, employees or assets, however its livery with the American Airlines logo still remains on several aircraft as a nod to the airline.", "Q228396": "Atomic Train is a 1999 American made-for-television disaster-action-thriller film about an accidental nuclear explosion destroying the city of Denver. It was originally broadcast on NBC as a two-part miniseries on May 16 and 17, 1999.", "Q2638433": "Albert May Todd (June 3, 1850 \u2013 October 6, 1931), colorfully known as \"The Peppermint King of Kalamazoo,\" was an American chemist, businessman, and politician from the state of Michigan. A philanthropist and advocate of public ownership of utilities, Todd made his fortune as the founder of the A.M. Todd Company, a world leader in the production of peppermint oil and other botanical extracts. Todd was also a renowned bibliophile, portions of whose collection now grace the holdings of several American universities.\n\n", "Q1388443": "William Edward \"Little Willie\" John (November 15, 1937 \u2013 May 26, 1968) was an American R&B singer who performed in the 1950s and early 1960s. He is best known for his successes on the record charts, with songs such as \"All Around the World\" (1955), \"Need Your Love So Bad\" (1956), \"Talk to Me, Talk to Me\" (1958), \"Leave My Kitten Alone\" (1960), \"Sleep\" (1960), and his number-one R&B hit \"Fever\" (1956). An important figure in R&B music of the 1950s, he faded into obscurity in the 1960s and died while serving a prison sentence for manslaughter. John was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996.", "Q1107": "Anime (US: , UK: ) (Japanese: \u30a2\u30cb\u30e1, Hepburn: anime, [a\u0272ime] (listen), plural: anime) is hand-drawn and computer animation originating from or associated with Japan. The word anime is the Japanese term for animation, which means all forms of animated media. Outside Japan, anime refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes. The culturally abstract approach to the word's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan. Many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product. Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of Orientalism.The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily. The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late 20th century, developing a large domestic and international audience. Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet. It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.\nAnime is a diverse art form with distinctive production methods and techniques that have been adapted over time in response to emergent technologies. It combines graphic art, characterization, cinematography, and other forms of imaginative and individualistic techniques. The production of anime focuses less on the animation of movement and more on the realism of settings as well as the use of camera effects, including panning, zooming, and angle shots. Being hand-drawn, anime is separated from reality by a crucial gap of fiction that provides an ideal path for escapism that audiences can immerse themselves into with relative ease. Diverse art styles are used, and character proportions and features can be quite varied, including characteristically large or realistically sized emotive eyes.\nThe anime industry consists of over 430 production studios, including major names like Studio Ghibli, Gainax, and Toei Animation. Despite comprising only a fraction of Japan's domestic film market, anime makes up a majority of Japanese DVD and Blu-ray sales. It has also seen international success after the rise of English-dubbed and subbed programming. This rise in international popularity has resulted in non-Japanese productions using the anime art style. Whether these works are anime-influenced animation or proper anime is a subject for debate amongst fans. Japanese anime accounted for 60% of the world's animated television shows as of 2016. In 2015, the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama, referred to anime as one of the loved ones of American youth.", "Q317614": "Robert James Hoffman III (born September 21, 1980) is an American actor, dancer, and choreographer.", "Q14439": "Phoebe Belle Cates (born July 16, 1963) is an American former actress, singer and model turned store owner known primarily for her roles in several 1980s films, most notably Fast Times at Ridgemont High and Gremlins.", "Q1945585": "Arthur \"Montana\" Taylor (1903 \u2013 c.1958) was an American boogie-woogie and piano blues pianist, best known for his recordings in the 1940s, and regarded as the leading exponent of the \"barrelhouse\" style of playing.", "Q55303": "John Richard Schlesinger (; 16 February 1926 \u2013 25 July 2003) was an English film and stage director, and actor. He won an Academy Award for Best Director for Midnight Cowboy, and was nominated for two other films (Darling and Sunday Bloody Sunday).", "Q129756": "George Western Thompson (May 14, 1806 \u2013 February 24, 1888) was a nineteenth-century Virginia politician, lawyer and judge. He served one term in the U.S. House of Representatives, resigning to become a state judge. During the American Civil War Judge Thompson resigned that position as because he believed the creation of West Virginia illegal.", "Q253724": "Ariel Lin Yi-chen (Chinese: \u6797\u4f9d\u6668; born 29 October 1982) is a Taiwanese actress and singer. She rose to fame for her role as Yuan Xiangqin in the Taiwanese drama It Started with a Kiss (2005) and the Chinese fantasy drama The Little Fairy (2006). Lin won Best Actress at the 43rd and 47th Golden Bell Awards for her roles in They Kiss Again (2007) and In Time with You (2011) respectively.", "Q215771": "Otto Heinrich von Gemmingen zu Hornberg (5 November 1755 \u2013 3 March 1836) was a member of the aristocratic Gemmingen family. He was a diplomat and enlightenment writer, a Freemason and a friend of the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.", "Q1154584": "DMX Krew is the recording name of the musician Edward Upton. Upton's other aliases include 101 Force, Asylum Seekers, Bass Potato, Chester Louis III, Computor Rockers, David Michael Cross, Ed DMX, EDMX, House of Brakes, Michael Knight, and Viet Cong.\nHe has released six full albums on Aphex Twin's label Rephlex Records and numerous singles/EPs for both Rephlex and his own Breakin' Records. DMX Krew's sound spans several electronic music genres, mostly been rooted in early electro-pop/breakbeat type music; the Collapse of the Wave Function EPs were a more experimental direction. \nDMX Krew has no connection to hip hop artists DMX or Davy DMX, all three deriving from the name of the Oberheim DMX drum computer.", "Q2343504": "Benjamin Reilly (), also known as the Scarlet Spider, is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is a clone and ally of the original Spider-Man (Peter Parker) and is prominent in the 1994\u201396 \"Clone Saga\" storyline, which led to his murder by the Green Goblin (Norman Osborn).\nCreated by writer Gerry Conway, the character first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #149 (October 1975). During the \"Clone Saga\" storyline, he came to wear a makeshift costume similar to Spider-Man's consisting of a blue sleeveless hoodie sweatshirt adorned with black motifs of a spider on its front and back, over a red spandex bodysuit and mask, with utility belts and wrist-worn sizable web-shooters that were designed by artist Tom Lyle, before donning a variation of Spider-Man's costume designed by artist Mark Bagley as his successor for some time before his death.\nIn 2017's \"Dead No More: The Clone Conspiracy\" story arc, the character was resurrected. In the 2017 series Ben Reilly: The Scarlet Spider, he reclaims his Scarlet Spider identity and reimagined by Marvel Comics' creative teams as an antihero, starting a spiritual quest to redeem himself as a true hero once more and has completed it in another arc, \"Spider-Geddon\", again serving as Spider-Man's heroic ally.", "Q446614": "Marian Pankowski (9 November 1919 \u2013 3 April 2011) was a Polish writer, poet, literary critic and translator. \nPankowski was born in Sanok. He was a member of the Polish resistance during World War II, and a prisoner in the Nazi concentration camps. After the war, he settled in Belgium, where he died in Brussels from pneumonia on 3 April 2011 at the age of 91.", "Q725337": "Mohamed Sifaoui (in Arabic \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u064a) (born 4 July 1967) is an Algerian-French journalist and writer who claimed that he managed to infiltrate al-Qaeda. He wrote a book about the experience, Mes \"fr\u00e8res\" assassins. Comment j'ai infiltr\u00e9 une cellule d'Al-Qa\u00efda (meaning My assassin \"brothers\": How I infiltrated an al-Qaeda cell).\nMany journalists criticize his ethics as his TV documentaries relate fictive situations and are polemical staging. Sifaoui has also been reprimanded by the Conseil sup\u00e9rieur de l'audiovisuel, the institution regulating the French media, for several racist comments.", "Q169372": "Earth Girls Are Easy is a 1988 American musical romantic comedy science fiction film that was produced by Tony Garnett, Duncan Henderson, and Terrence E. McNally and was directed by Julien Temple. The film stars Geena Davis, Julie Brown, Jeff Goldblum, Damon Wayans and Jim Carrey. The plot is based on the song \"Earth Girls Are Easy\" from Julie Brown's 1984 mini-album Goddess in Progress.", "Q234967": "Kimberly Payne Williams-Paisley (n\u00e9e Williams; born September 14, 1971) is an American actress known for her co-starring roles on According to Jim and Nashville, as well as her breakthrough performance in Father of the Bride (1991), for which she was nominated for several awards and its sequel, Father of the Bride Part II (1995).\nThroughout her acting career, she has guest-starred on TV shows including Tales From The Crypt, George Lopez and Less Than Perfect. She is also known for her roles in made-for-TV movies, including Safe House, The Christmas Shoes, and Lucky 7, and also her role as Laura Parker in Shade, a short film that she also wrote and directed. Williams is married to country musician Brad Paisley, with whom she has two sons; actress Ashley Williams is her sister.", "Q108773": "Amanda \"Manny\" Ziener (5 October 1887 \u2013 4 May 1972) was a German stage and film actress.\nShe was born in Berlin and began her career on the stage and appeared in films in the early 1910s before returning to the stage in the 1920s. In the 1930s, Ziener returned to film. She was the wife of actor Bruno Ziener.", "Q360477": "Peter Frederick Weller (born June 24, 1947) is an American film and stage actor, television director, and art historian.\nWeller has appeared in more than 70 films and television series, including RoboCop (1987) and its sequel RoboCop 2 (1990), in which he played the title character, The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension (1984) and Star Trek Into Darkness (2013). He has also appeared in such films as Woody Allen's Mighty Aphrodite (1995), the Oliver Stone-produced The New Age (1994), and David Cronenberg's adaptation of William Burroughs's novel Naked Lunch (1991).\nAside from a Saturn Award nomination for his RoboCop role, Weller received an Academy Award nomination for his 1993 short Partners, in which he also acted. In television, he hosted the program Engineering an Empire on the History Channel from 2005 to 2007. He also played Christopher Henderson in the fifth season of 24, Stan Liddy in the fifth season of the Showtime original series Dexter, as well as Charles \"Charlie\" Barosky in 11 episodes in (Season 6) of Kurt Sutter 's long running Sons of Anarchy. Since 2012, Weller has been involved in the A&E (now Netflix) series Longmire both as a director and an actor. In 2017, Weller appeared on The Last Ship as Dr. Paul Vellek.", "Q3082744": "Frank O'Connor (April 11, 1881 \u2013 November 22, 1959) was an American character actor and director, whose career spanned five decades and included appearances in over 600 films and television shows. Early in his career he was also billed as Frank A. Connor and Frank L.A. O'Connor. During the silent film era, he directed or was the assistant director on numerous films; he also penned several screenplays in both the silent and sound film eras. He is sometimes erroneously identified with the Frank O'Connor who was married to author Ayn Rand.", "Q151606": "Place Vend\u00f4me is a 1998 French crime drama film directed by Nicole Garcia, starring Catherine Deneuve, and named after the Place Vend\u00f4me in Paris.\nDeneuve won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the 55th Venice International Film Festival for her role in the film.", "Q81807": "Carl Sadakichi Hartmann (November 8, 1867 \u2013 November 22, 1944) was an American art and photography critic, notable anarchist, and poet of German and Japanese descent.", "Q678965": "The University of Kaiserslautern (German: Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, commonly referred to as TU Kaiserslautern or simply TUK, unofficially Technical University of Kaiserslautern) is a research university in Kaiserslautern, Germany.\nThere are numerous institutes around the university, including two Fraunhofer Institutes (IESE and ITWM), the Max Planck Institute for Software Systems (MPI SWS), the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), the Institute for Composite Materials (IVW) and the Institute for Surface and Thin Film Analysis (IFOS), all of which cooperate closely with the university.TU Kaiserslautern is organized into 12 faculties. Approximately 14,869 students are enrolled at the moment. The TU Kaiserslautern is part of the Software-Cluster along with the Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Saarland University. The Software-Cluster won the German government's Spitzencluster competition, the equivalence to the German Universities Excellence Initiative for clusters.", "Q2848268": "Robert Gaston Andr\u00e9 Mar\u00e9chal (10 December 1916 \u2013 14 October 2007) was a French researcher and administrator in optics.\nAndr\u00e9 Mar\u00e9chal was former director general of the French Institut d\u2019Optique. In 1986 Mar\u00e9chal was elected to Honorary Membership of the Optical Society its highest honor, for his work in the areas of coherence, diffraction, geometric optics, image formation and image processing, and for his contributions to the international optics community. His pioneering work influenced the development of computer programs that optimized lens designs and advanced the automatic optimization of optical systems. He strongly contributed to the promotion of Fourier optics and analog optical computing.\nMar\u00e9chal graduated from the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure in 1941, and received his engineer's degree from SupOptique (\u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure d'optique) in 1943. He received a doctor of science degree in engineering from the University of Paris in 1948. For his thesis research, he investigated the combined effects of diffraction and aberrations and derived what is now known as the Mar\u00e9chal criterion. Formally, that a wavefront can be regarded as diffraction-limited if its RMS phase error is 14 times less than its wavelength.\nMar\u00e9chal served as president of the International Commission for Optics (1962\u20131966), honorary vice president of the Comit\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais de physique, and was a founding member of the Franco-Finnish Association for Scientific and Technical Research. He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences, and of the French Academy of Technologies.\nHe died on 14 October 2007 at the age of 90.", "Q63882": "Johann von Miquel (19 February 1828 \u2013 8 September 1901) was a German statesman.", "Q799543": "Shirley Conran (born 21 September 1932) is a British novelist and journalist.", "Q431477": "Boeing (707) Boeing (707) (alternately titled Boeing Boeing) is a 1965 American bedroom farce comedy film based on the 1960 French play Boeing-Boeing, and starring Tony Curtis and Jerry Lewis. It was released on December 22, 1965, and was the last film Paramount Pictures made with Lewis, who had made films exclusively with the studio since My Friend Irma (1949).", "Q3036587": "Antoine-Joseph Yvon Villarceau (15 January 1813 \u2013 23 December 1883) was a French astronomer, mathematician, and engineer.\nHe constructed an equatorial meridian-instrument and an isochronometric regulator for the Paris Observatory.\nHe wrote M\u00e9canique C\u00e9leste. Expose des M\u00e9thodes de Wronski et Composantes des Forces Perturbatrices suivant les Axes Mobiles (Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1881) and Sur l'\u00e9tablissement des arches de pont, envisag\u00e9 au point de vue de la plus grande stabilit\u00e9 (Paris: Imprimerie Imp\u00e9riale, 1853).\nHe is the eponym of Villarceau circles, which are two circular sections of a torus other than the two trivial ones.\nA short street in the 16th arrondissement in Paris is named after Villarceau.", "Q812155": "Bayerische Akademie der Sch\u00f6nen K\u00fcnste in M\u00fcnchen (Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts) is an association of renowned personalities in Munich, Bavaria. It was founded by the Free State of Bavaria in 1948, continuing a tradition established in 1808 by the Royal Academy of Arts in Munich.\nThe academy organizes panel discussions, exhibitions, readings, lectures and concerts. Until 1968, the academy had its headquarters at Prinz-Carl-Palais, after which they received a temporary quarters at the Caroline court. Since 1972 it has had its headquarters in the K\u00f6nigsbau (King's tract) of the Munich Residenz.", "Q2198347": "Tomils is a former municipality in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. It was formed on 1 January 2009 through the merger of Feldis/Veulden, Scheid, Trans and Tumegl/Tomils. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged to form the new municipality of Domleschg.", "Q62544": "Alexander Kanoldt (29 September 1881 \u2013 24 January 1939) was a German magic realist painter and one of the artists of the New Objectivity.\n\nKanoldt was born in Karlsruhe. His father was the painter Edmond Kanoldt, a late practitioner of the Nazarene style. After studies at the Academy of Fine Arts Karlsruhe in Karlsruhe he went to Munich in 1908, where he met a number of modernists such as Alexei Jawlensky, Wassily Kandinsky and Gabriele M\u00fcnter. He became a member of the Munich New Secession in 1913, with Jawlensky and Paul Klee. After military service in World War I from 1914 to 1918, the still lifes Kanoldt painted show the influence of Derain and an adaptation of cubist ideas.\nBy the early 1920s Kanoldt developed the manner for which he is best known, a magic realist rendering of potted plants, angular tins, fruit and mugs on tabletops. He also painted portraits in the same severe style, as well as geometrical landscapes. In 1925 he was made a professor at Breslau Academy, a post he held until 1931. During this time he came into conflict with the Bauhaus faction at the Academy, and he was increasingly at odds with the avant garde. From 1933 until his resignation in 1936 he was the director of the State School of Art in Berlin.\nWith the rise of the Nazi regime in 1933 Kanoldt attempted accommodation, painting in a romantic style, but nonetheless many of his works were seized by the authorities as degenerate art in 1937. He died in Berlin in 1939.", "Q310190": "Tobin Bell (born Joseph Henry Tobin Jr.; August 7, 1942) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for his portrayal of John Kramer / Jigsaw in the eight films of the Saw franchise. After years of work doing stand-ins and background work on films, he got his first major acting job in Mississippi Burning (1988) and went on to star in made-for-television films and guest star in television shows throughout the 1990s.\nA life member of the Actors Studio, Bell also voice-acted his Jigsaw character in two video games based on the film series, Saw and its sequel Saw II: Flesh & Blood. Bell's portrayal of Jigsaw has earned him five award nominations and two wins.\nBefore his breakthrough with Saw, Bell appeared in many notable films, including The Verdict (1982), Tootsie (1982), Mississippi Burning (1988), False Identity (1990), Loose Cannons (1990), Goodfellas (1990), Ruby (1992), a narration role in Boiling Point (1993), The Firm (1993), In the Line of Fire (1993), Malice (1993), The Quick and the Dead (1995), Brown's Requiem (1998), and a voice role in The Road to El Dorado (2000).", "Q947168": "Stevan Edward Pearce (born August 24, 1947) is an American businessman and politician who served as the U.S. Representative for New Mexico's 2nd congressional district from 2003 to 2009 and from 2011 to 2019. He is a member of the Republican Party and was his party's unsuccessful nominee in the 2018 New Mexico gubernatorial election. On December 8, 2018, Pearce was elected Chair of the New Mexico Republican Party, replacing Ryan Cangiolosi.", "Q521116": "Dragan Kiriakov Tsankov (Bulgarian: \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d \u041a\u0438\u0440\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0426\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432) (9 November 1828 \u2013 24 March 1911) was a Bulgarian politician and the first Liberal Party Prime Minister of the country.\nBorn in SvishtovTsankov was initially a civil servant in the administration of the Ottoman Empire, who in the 1850s gained a reputation as a supporter of the Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church. His paper B\u0169lgaria appeared in Constantinople in 1859 and espoused his religious positions. Funded by France, the paper argued that a Uniat with Rome was the only solution to Bulgaria. Indeed, Tsankov, who was educated by the Jesuits, helped to form the Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church in 1861.Later he became closely associated with opposition to the Ottomans and the independence movement. Tsankov was initially opposed to the April Uprising but he soon changed his opinion and began to be active in support of independence. He served as deputy to Nayden Gerov in the Governorship of Svishtov during the brief period of Russian administration in Bulgaria.A leading figure in the drive towards independence, he became respected as the voice of moderate liberalism, as he was prepared to work with the Conservatives after 1879.After some failed attempts to form a Conservative-led administration, Tsankov was appointed as Prime Minister on 7 April 1880 with plans for a wide-ranging raft of reforms. His new reforms, which included the establishment of a militia, limited rights for Muslims and attempts to limit the power of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church alarmed Alexander of Bulgaria, who feared the possibility of a liberal revolution. A series of foreign policy errors involving relations with Austria-Hungary followed (largely caused by the lack of communication between Tsankov and the Tsar) and his ministry was forced to resign before the year was out.He initially kept an open mind about the military coup of 1881, although he eventually called on his supporters to oppose the new system by all legal means, resulting in him being placed under house arrest. However the failure of military rule forced Alexander to restore civilian government, with Tsankov returning as Premier on 19 September 1883 at the head of a coalition government. Tsankov's second rule was seen as largely transitional and it also saw the Liberal Party splitting, with Petko Karavelov gaining a large groundswell of support. Eventually he was dismissed as Prime Minister and replaced by Karavelov in 1884.After his removal from office, Tsankov split off to form his own party, the Progressive Liberals. Although the group did not see government until 1902 and the rule of Stoyan Danev, Tsankov remained an important figure in Bulgarian politics and a constant voice in support of ever closer relations with Russia until his death.", "Q3923": "Bayreuth (German: [ba\u026a\u02c8\u0281\u0254\u028ft] (listen), Upper Franconian: [ba(\u02d0)\u02c8\u027ea\u026a\u032ft]; Austro-Bavarian: Bareid) is a medium-sized city in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Franconian Jura and the Fichtelgebirge Mountains. The town's roots date back to 1194. In the early 21st century, it is the capital of Upper Franconia and has a population of 72,148 (2015). It is world-famous for its annual Bayreuth Festival, at which performances of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner are presented.", "Q143202": "Pierre (Pieter) Jacques Fran\u00e7ois de Decker (25 January 1812 \u2013 4 January 1891) was a Belgian Roman Catholic politician, statesman and author.\nHe was educated at a Jesuit school, studied law at Paris, and became one of the editors of the Revue de Bruxelles. In 1839 he was elected to the Belgian lower chamber, where he gained a great reputation for oratory. He was a member of parliament from 1839 to 1866. As such he took historic initiatives to promote the Dutch language that had lost ground in political life since the Belgian Revolution of 1830 (against the Union with Holland as the United Kingdom of the Netherlands) even though the majority of the population spoke Dutch. De Decker was at the origin of a 'Petition in favour of the Flemish language' in 1840 and of the setting up of a 'Committee on Flemish Grievances' in 1855.\nIn 1855 he became Minister of the Interior and the tenth Prime Minister of Belgium. As such he was the first leader of the government since the revolution of 1830 who dared to address the parliament in Dutch (Flemish). He attempted, by combining the moderate elements of the Catholic and Liberal parties, the impossible task of resolving the educational and other questions then dividing Belgium.\nIn 1866 he retired from politics and went into business, with disastrous results. He became involved in financial speculations which lost him his good name as well as the greater part of his fortune; and, though he was never proved to have been more than the victim of clever operators, when in 1871 he was appointed by the Catholic cabinet governor of Limburg, the outcry was so great that he resigned the appointment and retired definitively into private life. He died in 1891.\n\n", "Q76531": "Sebastian Matthias Nerz (born 13 July 1983) is a German politician and bioinformatician who was the leader of the Pirate Party Germany from May 2011 to April 2012. He left the Pirate Party Germany in February 2014.", "Q372073": "John Cooper Jr. (September 15, 1922 \u2013 May 3, 2011) was an American actor, television director, producer, and executive. He was a child actor who made the transition to an adult career. Cooper was the first child actor to receive an Oscar nomination. At age 9 he was the youngest performer to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, an honor that he received for the film Skippy (1931). For nearly 50 years, Cooper remained the youngest Oscar nominee in any category.", "Q69411": "Friedrich Karl Ferdinand Freiherr von M\u00fcffling, called Weiss (12 June 1775 \u2013 10 January 1851) was a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall and military theorist. He served as Bl\u00fccher's liaison officer in Wellington's headquarters during the Battle of Waterloo and was one of the organizers of the final victory over Napoleon. After the wars he served a diplomatic role at the Congress of Aix-la-Chappelle and was a major contributor to the development of the Prussian General Staff as Chief. M\u00fcffling also specialized in military topography and cartography.", "Q386694": "Sir William Willcocks (27 September 1852 in India \u2013 28 July 1932 in Cairo, Egypt) was a British civil engineer during the high point of the British Empire. He was an irrigation engineer who proposed and built the first Aswan Dam, the scale of which had never been attempted previously. He later undertook other major irrigation projects in South Africa and in Arab regions of the dying Ottoman Empire.", "Q206080": "Pirates of Tortuga is a 1961 DeLuxe Color American swashbuckler film which invented an alternate history for the actual Welsh privateer Henry Morgan. It was released in October 1961 in the United States in CinemaScope.", "Q70140": "Paul Moritz Warburg (August 10, 1868 \u2013 January 24, 1932) was an American investment banker born in Germany, and an early advocate of the U.S. Federal Reserve System.\n\n", "Q5250520": "Deepak Pandya (born 6 December 1932) is a neuroanatomist who is best known for his contributions to the understanding of cortical and subcortical brain connectivity in the macaque using tract-tracing methods. He is the father of NASA astronaut Sunita Williams.", "Q95872": "Erich Emminger (25 June 1880 \u2013 30 August 1951) was a German lawyer and Catholic politician of the Center Party (Zentrum) and later of the Bavarian People's Party (BVP).\nHe served as Minister of Justice in the Weimar Republic from 30 November 1923 until 15 April 1924 under Chancellor Wilhelm Marx.\n\n", "Q103626": "Melanie O\u00dfwald (born 1 June 1976 in Nuremberg) is a German politician and a former member of the Bundestag with the CSU.\nFrom 1996 to 2000 she studied graphic design at the College of Fine Arts in Nuremberg. She entered the Junge Union in 1992 and the CSU in 2000. In 2002 she campaigned for election to the Bundestag, but narrowly lost. However, since Edmund Stoiber did not accept his Bundestag mandate due to his defeat by Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, she nevertheless managed to advance. She was not re-elected in 2005.", "Q60353": "Erich Koch (19 June 1896 \u2013 12 November 1986) was a Gauleiter of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in East Prussia from 1928 until 1945. Between 1941 and 1945 he was Chief of Civil Administration (Chef der Zivilverwaltung) of Bezirk Bialystok. During this period, he was also the Reichskommissar in Reichskommissariat Ukraine from 1941 until 1944. After the Second World War, Koch stood trial in Poland and was convicted in 1959 of war crimes and sentenced to death. The sentence was commuted to life imprisonment a year later.", "Q4094": "Hilden is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is situated in the District of Mettmann, 10 km (6.21 mi) west of Solingen and 15 km (9.32 mi) east of D\u00fcsseldorf on the right side of the Rhine. It is a middle sized industrial town with a forest and numerous attractions.\nThe Mayor is Mrs. Birgit Alkenings, who took office in 2014. She was a candidate of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).", "Q332457": "L\u00e9on Gozlan (11 September 1803 \u2013 14 September 1866) was a 19th-century French novelist and playwright.\nWhen he was still a boy, his father, who had made a large fortune as a ship-broker, met with a series of misfortunes, and L\u00e9on, before completing his education, had to go to sea in order to earn a living. In 1828 we find him in Paris, determined to run the risks of literary life. His townsman, Joseph M\u00e9ry, who was then making himself famous by his political satires, introduced him to several newspapers, and Gozlan's brilliant articles in Le Figaro did much harm to the already tottering government of Charles X.", "Q374402": "Luigi Sabani, best known as Gigi Sabani (5 October 1952 \u2013 4 September 2007) was an Italian TV impersonator, host and singer.", "Q3121951": "Per Ditlev-Simonsen (born 12 June 1932) is a Norwegian politician. He was the mayor of Oslo, representing the Conservative Party, from 1995 to 2007. He stepped down on 23 August 2007 following the Swiss bank-account scandal.\nDitlev-Simonsen was an officer of the Norwegian Royal Guards, and he later attended Stanford University getting a Master of Arts degree. After college, Ditlev-Simonsen became a partner in his father's shipping company Sverre Ditlev-Simonsen & Co (SDS) in 1955. He was a partner in the company until 1995.\nDitlev-Simonsen was a Member of Parliament from 1981 to 1985, serving in the Standing Committee of Finance. From 1989 to 1990 Ditlev-Simonsen was Minister of Defense in the Cabinet of Jan P. Syse.\n\n", "Q963960": "Patrick \"Sleepy\" Brown (born January 24, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter and record producer from Savannah, Georgia. He is one-third of the successful Atlanta-based production team of Organized Noize, which has created hits for acts such as Outkast, Goodie Mob and TLC. TLC's \"Waterfalls\", penned by Brown and Organized Noize's Rico Wade and Ray Murray, was a #1 hit single on Billboard's Hot 100 in the summer of 1995.", "Q810024": "Basil Risbridger Davidson (9 November 1914 \u2013 9 July 2010) was a British journalist and historian who wrote more than 30 books on African history and politics. According to two modern writers, \"Davidson, a campaigning journalist whose first of many books on African history and politics appeared in 1956, remains perhaps the single-most effective disseminator of the new field to a popular international audience\".", "Q537012": "Anne-Marguerite du Noyer (N\u00eemes, 2 June 1663 \u2014 Voorburg, May 1719) was one of the most famous early 18th century female journalists. Her reports of the negotiations leading to the Peace of Utrecht were read all over Europe and admired for the distinction with which she reported on scandal and gossip. Born a Protestant she converted to Catholicism in the years of the Huguenot persecution. In 1686 she married Guillaume du Noyer. In 1701 she converted back to Calvinism and had to leave France in the event. She first moved to Geneva, then to The Hague. Among her famous visitors was Voltaire in 1713.\nThe following is an extract of the biography published with the Letters from a Lady at Paris to a Lady at Avignon, vol. 1 (London, W. Mears/ J. Browne, 1716), the attack on Richard Steele makes Delarivier Manley a likely candidate as author of these lines:\n\nSHE is about 60 Years of age; and has in her time, made a considerable Figure in France, where her Husband was concern'd in managing the Publick Revenues, in consequence of which he is now under Prosecution before the Chamber of Justice.What time this Lady left France, may be gather'd from her Writings. Religion was what she pretended for so doing, but her natural Inconstancy was the real Motive. She went to Holland with two Daughters and Money enough to have supported her honourably, if the desire of serving God in Spirit and in Truth, had been the sole Cause of her Flight: But her head continually running upon vast Undertakings, and filled with I know not what Ideas of Grandeur, she launch'd out into such profuse Expence, that instead of well settling her Daughters, when they were marriagable, she ruin'd their Reputation, and herself became a Prey to such as knew how to make Advantage of her weal side. Her eldest Daughter, who is called Eleonaora, a fair-complexion'd beautiful Woman, was very indifferently marry'd, and has since found means to return to her Father in Paris: The youngest, whom the Mother calls Pimpette, (instead of Olympia her true name) is a brown lively Woman and has marry'd a Footman, who pretended to be a German Count. She is still at the Hague with her Mother, as likewise a Daughter she has had by the Sham-Count, who is at this time a perfect Vagabond, and stroles about the Country for a livelyhood.Madam Du Noyer, notwithstanding the ill Posture of her Affairs, and tho' she is convinc'd that all the World knows the truth of the Story, will have er Daughter to be call'd after her Husband's name, the Countess of Winterfeld, and whenever she speaks of that Daughter absent or present, she always intitles her Madam la Comtesse.Madam Du Noyer, not knowing how otherwise to subsist, is reduced to write two Papers weekly, which she calls the Quintessence of News; this is worth 300 Florins Dutch, per Ann. which are paid duly by the Bookseller: And as she is very liberal of her Elogiums, this Paper gave her an Opportunity, during the Congress of Utrecht, to offer her Compliments to all the Ambassadors and their Ladies round; was a considerable advantage to her.Of all her former Estate, she has nothing left but about 60l. per Ann. the rent of two Houses, the one in the Town, and the other in the Country. She, however, has shewed her self very little concerned at all these Crosses of Fortune: And indeed as she herself is the only Cause of them, she would be very much in the wrong to let them sower her Temper: She has, on the contrary, rather chose to laugh it off, and has given so witty, so ingenious an Account of her Adventures, that it is impossible to read them without being very much moved in her behalf. There are in her Miscellaneous Works some exquisite Things, and many pieces of History, which one is so well pleased with being informed of, that one cannot help to favouring her with our good Wishes for having collected them. Her Letters are writ in so easy and so natural a Style, that we pass on from one to t'other without being in the least tired with what we read. To conclude, when we look into her Memoirs,' she there seems to justifie herself so fully, that unless one knew her, ne cou'd not help pitying her Condition. This shews that she is a Lady of a superiour Genius, let her use it ill or well: Her Manners are easie, her Conversation agreeable and entertaining; and whatsoever Subject she talks upon she always manages it with abundance of Justness. Her Person is not answerable to her Wit; she has formerly been tolerably handsome, and tho' low of Stature, and but indifferently shaped, had nothing disagreeable in her; but at present she is almost frightfully Ugly, being grown prodigiously Fat, and extremely Swarthy: However the Writings she has obliged the World with, ought to make amends for any thing that is amiss either in her Person or in her Conduct.Her works are appreciated in the same context:\n\n[...] they are full of those peculiar Beauties which reign in the best of the Fair Sex. The Subjects they turn upon, are the Loves and Intrigues of Persons of the first Quality in France, and these not derived from common Fame, and the general magazine of Scandal, but from the Knowledge of one, whose Interests and Pleasures lay mixt with theirs, and who receiving the Facts from the Fountain-Head, gave them only the Advantage of a good Dress, and conveyed them in an agreeable manner to the World.If Secrets of this Nature must come abroad, (and somehow or other they will) it is happy when they fall into the Hands of a witty and gallant Writer. One Degree less of good Sense, and good Nature, makes a vast difference in the Relater of a Story; and that which would please us very much if well told, disgusts us at the first view of Rigour or Partiality. For instance, we have in these Letters a very particular Account of Madam de Maintenon's Management of the late King of France; and yet there is nothing that can give the least Offence in so nice a Subject. The materials scatterd up and down in these Letters furnished Sir Richard Steele with two Guardians upon the Life and Conduct of that famous Lady. But we may say, without offence to that Gentleman, that the Stories are much more natural and agreeable in the manner which this Lady has related them, than in his Papers.", "Q2151621": "The energy industry is the totality of all of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing, refining and distribution. Modern society consumes large amounts of fuel, and the energy industry is a crucial part of the infrastructure and maintenance of society in almost all countries.\nIn particular, the energy industry comprises:\n\nthe fossil fuel industries, which include petroleum industries ( oil companies, petroleum refiners, fuel transport and end-user sales at gas stations) coal industries (extraction and processing) and the natural gas industries (natural gas extraction, and coal gas manufacture, as well as distribution and sales);\nthe electrical power industry, including electricity generation, electric power distribution and sales;\nthe nuclear power industry;\nthe renewable energy industry, comprising alternative energy and sustainable energy companies, including those involved in hydroelectric power, wind power, and solar power generation, and the manufacture, distribution and sale of alternative fuels; and,\ntraditional energy industry based on the collection and distribution of firewood, the use of which, for cooking and heating, is particularly common in poorer countries.The increased dependence during the 20th century on non-renewable fossil fuel and nuclear power, means that the energy industry has frequently been an important contributor to pollution and environmental impacts of the economy. Until recently, fossil fuels were the main source of energy generation in most parts of the world, and are a major contributor to global warming and pollution. As part of human adaptation to global warming, many economies are investing in renewable and sustainable energy.\n\n", "Q884137": "Blind Illusion is an American progressive thrash metal band from Richmond, California, United States. Formed in 1978 by lead guitarist and main songwriter Marc Biedermann, the band had an extremely unstable lineup (Biedermann being the only constant member) and went through several stylistic changes during their time. After a 20-year hiatus, Biedermann reformed Blind Illusion in 2009. Blind Illusion released a new EP almost a full length album entitled 2018 (released in the same year). The album includes two remakes of The Sane Asylum more popular songs.\n\n", "Q210184": "Dennis Anthony Tito (born August 8, 1940) is an American engineer and entrepreneur, most widely known as the first space tourist to fund his own trip into space. In mid-2001, he spent nearly eight days in orbit as a crew member of ISS EP-1, a visiting mission to the International Space Station. This mission was launched by the spacecraft Soyuz TM-32, and was landed by Soyuz TM-31.", "Q19848": "Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta ( STEF-\u0259n-ee JUR-m\u0259-NOT-\u0259) (born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She is known for reinventing herself throughout her career and for her versatility in numerous areas of the entertainment industry. Gaga began performing as a teenager, singing at open mic nights and acting in school plays. She studied at Collaborative Arts Project 21, through New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, before dropping out to pursue a music career. When Def Jam Recordings canceled her contract, she worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing, where Akon helped her sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own label KonLive Distribution in 2007. She rose to prominence the following year with her debut album, the electropop record The Fame, and its chart-topping singles \"Just Dance\" and \"Poker Face\". The album was reissued as The Fame Monster (2009), which included the successful singles \"Bad Romance\", \"Telephone\" and \"Alejandro\".\nGaga's second full-length album, Born This Way (2011), explored electronic rock and techno-pop and debuted atop the US Billboard 200 with more than one million copies sold. Its title track became the fastest-selling song on the iTunes Store with over a million downloads in less than a week. Other successful singles on the album included \u201cThe Edge of Glory\u201d and \u201cJudas\u201d. Gaga experimented with EDM on her third studio album, Artpop (2013), which included the single \"Applause\". Her collaborative jazz album with Tony Bennett, Cheek to Cheek (2014), and her soft rock-influenced fifth studio album, Joanne (2016), continued to top the US charts. During this period, Gaga ventured into acting, playing leading roles in the miniseries American Horror Story: Hotel (2015\u20132016), for which she received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress, and the critically acclaimed musical drama film A Star Is Born (2018). She also contributed to the latter's soundtrack, which yielded her fourth US number-one single \"Shallow\", and made her the first woman to win an Academy, Grammy, BAFTA and Golden Globe Award in one year. Gaga is due to release her sixth studio album, Chromatica, in 2020, which includes the lead single \u201cStupid Love\u201d.\nHaving sold 124 million records as of 2014, Gaga is one of the world's best-selling music artists and the fourth highest-earning female musician of the 2010s. Her achievements include various Guinness world records, 11 Grammy Awards and awards from the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Council of Fashion Designers of America. She has been declared Billboard's Artist of the Year and Woman of the Year, and included among Forbes's power and earnings rankings. She was ranked number four on VH1's Greatest Women in Music in 2012 and second on Time's 2011 readers' poll of the most influential people of the past ten years. She is known for her philanthropy and social activism, including her work related to mental health awareness and LGBT rights. Gaga founded her nonprofit organization, the Born This Way Foundation, which focuses on empowering youth, improving mental health and preventing bullying.", "Q746647": "Montmartre Cemetery (French: Cimeti\u00e8re de Montmartre) is a cemetery in the 18th arrondissement of Paris, France, that dates to the early 19th century. Officially known as the Cimiti\u00e8re du Nord, it is the third largest necropolis in Paris, after the P\u00e8re Lachaise cemetery and the Montparnasse cemetery.", "Q79164": "Edmund Reitter (22 October 1845 \u2013 15 March 1920) was an Austrian entomologist, writer and a collector.", "Q390948": "Lubo\u0161 Fi\u0161er (30 September 1935 \u2013 22 June 1999) was a Czech composer, born in Prague. He was known both for his soundtracks and chamber music. From 1952 to 1956 he studied composition at the Prague Conservatory as a pupil of Emil Hlobil. From 1956 he studied at the AMU in Prague. His first publicly performed compositions were Four Pieces for Violin and Piano (1954).", "Q101757": "Jutta Oesterle-Schwerin (25 February 1941 in Jerusalem) is a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party and later in life of Alliance '90/The Greens. She is the sister of Israeli historian Tom Segev.\n\n", "Q467157": "Magool (Somali: Magool, (May 2, 1948 \u2013 March 19, 2004), born Halima Khaliif Omar, was a Somali singer.", "Q337249": "Habib Koit\u00e9 (Bambara: Habib Kuwate, born 1958 in Thi\u00e8s, Senegal) is a Malian musician, singer, songwriter and griot based in Mali. His band, Bamada, is a supergroup of West African musicians, which included K\u00e9l\u00e9tigui Diabat\u00e9 on balafon", "Q212793": "Charenton-le-Pont is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 6.2 km (3.9 mi) from the centre of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe.\nThe Charenton Psychiatric Hospital is located in the neighbouring commune Charenton-Saint-Maurice, which changed its name in 1842 to Saint Maurice.", "Q64653": "Heinrich August J\u00e4schke (17 May 1817 in Herrnhut \u2013 24 September 1883) was a German Tibetologist missionary and Bible translator. From 1857 to 1868 he was missionary of the Herrnhuter Br\u00fcdergemeine (the Moravian Church or Moravian Brethren) in Kyelang, Lahaul District and Spiti in North India.J\u00e4schke has been called \"the most distinguished linguist in the whole history of the Moravian Church\" by James Hutton in his A History of the Moravian Missions (1923).", "Q1549911": "Peter Wolf (born Peter W. Blankfield, March 7, 1946) is an American musician best known as the lead vocalist of the J. Geils Band from 1967 to 1983 (with several reunions thereafter) and for a successful solo career with writing partner Will Jennings.", "Q370102": "Shawn Mathis Wayans (born January 19, 1971) is an American actor, DJ, producer, writer and comedian who starred in In Living Color, The Wayans Bros., and White Chicks. He is the brother of Dwayne, Marlon, Keenen Ivory, Damon Sr., Kim, Elvira, Ebony R. Hemphill-Wayans, and Ryan A. Wayans.", "Q471735": "The Rockin' Berries are a Beat group from Birmingham, England, who had several hit records in the UK in the 1960s. A version of the group, emphasising comedy routines as well as music, continues to perform to the present day.\n\n", "Q329077": "Brian Richard Gaskill (born January 22, 1970 in Honolulu, Hawaii, raised in Neptune Township, New Jersey) is an American actor.\n\n", "Q1902143": "Marlon Klein (born December 13, 1957 in Herford, Germany) is a musician and producer in the World Music and Fusion genres. He is a co-founder of the German group Dissidenten.\n\n", "Q54790": "Joan Tompkins, Mrs. Joan Swenson (July 9, 1915 \u2013 January 29, 2005) was an American actress of television, film, radio, and stage, who co-founded with her husband, Karl Swenson, an acting company in Beverly Hills, California.", "Q588390": "Charles Castronovo (born June 19, 1975) is an American operatic tenor. Castronovo was born to a Sicilian father and an Ecuadorian mother in Queens, New York, but grew up in Southern California. He attended California State University, Fullerton, for undergraduate studies in classical voice. During his time at the university, his talent came to the attention of William Vendice, the chorusmaster of the Los Angeles Opera, who promptly hired him as a chorister.", "Q272073": "Shelley Marie Hack (born July 6, 1947) is an American model, actress, producer, and political and media adviser. She is best known as the face of Revlon's Charlie perfume from the mid-1970s until the early 1980s, and for her role as Tiffany Welles in the fourth season of Charlie's Angels (1979\u201380).", "Q140079": "Zadock Cook (February 18, 1769 \u2013 August 3, 1863) was a United States Representative from Georgia.", "Q65559": "Jan Arno\u0161t Smoler (German: Johann Ernst Schmaler; born 3 March 1816, Merzdorf, Boxberg, Saxony - died 13 June 1884, Bautzen) was a Sorbian philologist and writer. He played a vital role in revitalizing the Sorbian languages in the 19th century. He also supported a form of Pan-Slavism.", "Q2846537": "Andres K\u00fcng (September 13, 1945 \u2013 December 10, 2002) was a Swedish journalist, writer, entrepreneur and politician of Estonian origin. He was born in Ockelbo in G\u00e4vleborg County to a family of refugees from Soviet occupied Estonia.", "Q151174": "Darwin Airline SA was a Swiss regional airline with its head office in Bioggio, Lugano flying under the brand name Adria Airways Switzerland. It operated scheduled domestic and international services in some western European countries. It used the brand name Etihad Regional from January 2014 to July 2017, when Etihad Airways sold its 33% stake to the owner of Adria Airways. It previously also operated flights on behalf of Alitalia. Its bases were Geneva Airport and Lugano Airport.In November 2017, the Swiss authorities suspended the airline's license for scheduled flights due to financial difficulties but allowed the wetlease operations to be continued. On 12 December 2017, the airline was declared bankrupt and ceased all remaining operations after its license was voided, while some of their fleet was transferred to its owner Adria Airways; the Saab 2000 aircraft still operate scheduled services from Ljubljana Airport in the name of Adria Airways, with the aircraft still carrying the Adria Airways Switzerland livery.", "Q671955": "Ludovic Orban (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8ludovik \u02c8orban]; born 25 May 1963) is a Romanian engineer and politician who currently serves as the Prime Minister of Romania. The leader of the National Liberal Party (PNL), he was Minister of Transport from April 2007 to December 2008 in the second C\u0103lin Popescu-T\u0103riceanu cabinet. He was also a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Bucharest from 2008 to 2016.\n\n", "Q32401": "Fray Antonio Vazquez de Espinosa (born in Jerez de la Frontera and died Seville, 1630) was a Spanish friar of the Discalced Carmelites originally from Jerez de la Frontera whose Compendio y Descripcion de las Indias Occidentales has become a source of detail for the history of South America, since the manuscript's discovery in the Vatican Library in 1929.\nTravelling in Mexico and Peru where he proselytized among the Native Americans, he returned to Spain in 1622, where he continued to move about, in M\u00e1laga, Madrid, Seville and other places.\nHe was the author of the following printed works:\n\nConfessionario general, luz y gu\u00eda del cielo y m\u00e9todo para poderse confesar\nViaje y Navegaci\u00f3n del a\u00f1o de 1622 que hizo la flota de Nueva Espa\u00f1a y Honduras (M\u00e1laga, 1624)\nSumario de Indulgencias (M\u00e1laga 1623)\nCircunstancias para los tratos y contratos de las Indias del Per\u00fa y Nueva Espa\u00f1a (M\u00e1laga, 1624)\nIndi\u00e6 DescriptionemThe work he is now remembered for, he never published. The manuscript was discovered in the Barberini archives of the Vatican Library in 1929 by Dr Charles Upson Clark, who edited it for the series Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections in English (1942) and Spanish (1944). It was reprinted in 1948.", "Q719357": "Cyrus Hall McCormick (February 15, 1809 \u2013 May 13, 1884) was an American inventor and businessman who founded the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which later became part of the International Harvester Company in 1902. Originally from the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, he and many members of his family became prominent residents of Chicago.\nMcCormick has been simplistically credited as the single inventor of the mechanical reaper. He was, however, one of several designing engineers who produced successful models in the 1830s. His efforts built on more than two decades of work by his father Robert McCormick Jr., as well as the aid of Jo Anderson, a slave held by his family. He also successfully developed a modern company, with manufacturing, marketing, and a sales force to market his products.", "Q270664": "Victor Joseph Garber (born March 16, 1949) is a Canadian-American actor and singer. He is known for playing: Jesus in Godspell; Anthony Hope in Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street; John Wilkes Booth in Assassins; Jack Bristow in the television series Alias; Max in Lend Me a Tenor; Thomas Andrews in James Cameron's Titanic; and Ken Taylor, Canadian Ambassador to Iran, in Argo. He was a series regular on Legends of Tomorrow as Dr. Martin Stein, having previously played the same role in a recurring capacity on The Flash and on the web series Vixen.", "Q528126": "Ronald Joseph Livingston (born June 5, 1967) is an American actor. He is known for playing Peter Gibbons in the 1999 film Office Space as well as Captain Lewis Nixon III in the 2001 miniseries Band of Brothers.\nLivingston's other roles include the films Swingers (1996), Adaptation (2002), The Conjuring (2013), and the television series Loudermilk and Boardwalk Empire, on which he appeared in the fourth season.", "Q4549103": "Edgar Percival Chance (1881\u20131955) was a British businessman, ornithologist and oologist who amassed a collection of 25,000 birds' eggs. He is noted for his pioneering studies on the parasitic breeding behaviour of the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus).", "Q372701": "Esophageal cancer is cancer arising from the esophagus\u2014the food pipe that runs between the throat and the stomach. Symptoms often include difficulty in swallowing and weight loss. Other symptoms may include pain when swallowing, a hoarse voice, enlarged lymph nodes (\"glands\") around the collarbone, a dry cough, and possibly coughing up or vomiting blood.The two main sub-types of the disease are esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (often abbreviated to ESCC), which is more common in the developing world, and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), which is more common in the developed world. A number of less common types also occur. Squamous-cell carcinoma arises from the epithelial cells that line the esophagus. Adenocarcinoma arises from glandular cells present in the lower third of the esophagus, often where they have already transformed to intestinal cell type (a condition known as Barrett's esophagus). Causes of the squamous-cell type include tobacco, alcohol, very hot drinks, poor diet, and chewing betel nut. The most common causes of the adenocarcinoma type are smoking tobacco, obesity, and acid reflux.The disease is diagnosed by biopsy done by an endoscope (a fiberoptic camera). Prevention includes stopping smoking and eating a healthy diet. Treatment is based on the cancer's stage and location, together with the person's general condition and individual preferences. Small localized squamous-cell cancers may be treated with surgery alone with the hope of a cure. In most other cases, chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy is used along with surgery. Larger tumors may have their growth slowed with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In the presence of extensive disease or if the affected person is not fit enough to undergo surgery, palliative care is often recommended.As of 2018, esophageal cancer was the eighth-most common cancer globally with 572,000 new cases during the year. It caused about 509,000 deaths that year, up from 345,000 in 1990. Rates vary widely among countries, with about half of all cases occurring in China. It is around three times more common in men than in women. Outcomes are related to the extent of the disease and other medical conditions, but generally tend to be fairly poor, as diagnosis is often late. Five-year survival rates are around 13% to 18%.", "Q115736": "Hans Hilfiker (15 September 1901 \u2013 2 March 1993) was a Swiss engineer and designer. In 1944, working for the Swiss Federal Railways, he designed the Swiss railway clock, which became an international icon. The SBB clock was not Hilfiker's only contribution to modern living. He developed the concept of the fitted kitchen and was responsible for the standard Swiss dimensions for kitchen components (55/60/90 cm).", "Q69363": "C\u00e4sar Flaischlen (born Stuttgart, Germany May 12, 1864; died Gundelsheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany October 16, 1920) was a German poet. He is famous worldwide as the author of \"Hab' Sonne im Herzen\" (\"Have Sunshine in Your Heart\"), which has been translated into various languages.", "Q1370307": "Samuel Wanamaker, (born Wattenmacker; June 14, 1919 \u2013 December 18, 1993) was an American actor and director who moved to the UK, after becoming fearful of being blacklisted in Hollywood due to his communist sympathies. He is credited as the person most responsible for saving The Rose Theatre (1988+), which led to the modern recreation of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre in London, where he is commemorated in the name of the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse, the site's second theatre.\n\n", "Q13218788": "Virgin EMI Records is a British record label owned by the Universal Music Group that was formed in 2013.", "Q66050": "Menzingen is a municipality in the canton of Zug in Switzerland.", "Q261769": "Berenice or Laodice of Cappadocia, also known as Laodice (Ancient Greek: \u039b\u03b1\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b7 Laod\u00edk\u0113; flourished from the mid-120s BC to the 90s BC) was a princess from the Kingdom of Pontus and a queen of the Kingdom of Cappadocia.", "Q266006": "Paz Lenchantin (born December 12, 1973) is an Argentine American musician. She has been the bass guitarist, vocalist and violinist of the alternative rock band Pixies since 2014. She is known for playing bass or strings with various bands, including Entrance, A Perfect Circle, Zwan, and Queens of the Stone Age.", "Q454589": "Jacques de Vaucanson (February 24, 1709 \u2013 November 21, 1782) was a French inventor and artist who was responsible for the creation of impressive and innovative automata. He also was the first person to design an automatic loom and built the first all-metal lathe.", "Q1992222": "Ivan Gavrilovich Alexandrov (1875\u20131936) was a Russian/Soviet engineer who played a significant role in the modernisation of the Soviet Union.\n\n", "Q1377468": "Paul Prudhomme (July 13, 1940 \u2013 October 8, 2015), also known as Gene Autry Prudhomme, was an American celebrity chef whose specialties were Creole and Cajun cuisines, which he was also credited with popularizing. He was the chef proprietor of K-Paul's Louisiana Kitchen in New Orleans, and had formerly owned and run several other restaurants. He developed several culinary products, including hot sauce and seasoning mixes, and wrote 11 cookbooks.", "Q172975": "The Departed is a 2006 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese and written by William Monahan. It is a remake of the 2002 Hong Kong film Infernal Affairs. The Departed stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Matt Damon, Jack Nicholson, and Mark Wahlberg, with Martin Sheen, Ray Winstone, Vera Farmiga, and Alec Baldwin in supporting roles.\nThe film takes place in Boston. Irish Mob boss Francis \"Frank\" Costello (Nicholson) plants Colin Sullivan (Damon) as a mole within the Massachusetts State Police; simultaneously, the police assign undercover state trooper William \"Billy\" Costigan (DiCaprio) to infiltrate Costello's crew. When both sides realize the situation, Sullivan and Costigan each attempt to discover the other's identity before they are found out. The character Colin Sullivan is loosely based on the corrupt FBI agent John Connolly, while the character Frank Costello is based on gangster Whitey Bulger.The Departed was a critical and commercial success, and won several awards, including four Oscars at the 79th Academy Awards, for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Film Editing; Mark Wahlberg was also nominated for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q2087267": "La\u00efk\u00f3 (Greek: \u03bb\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9, pronounced [lai\u02c8ko tra\u02c8\u0263u\u00f0i], \"song of the people\"; \"popular song\", pl: la\u00efk\u00e1 [tragoudia]) is a Greek music genre composed in Greek language in accordance with the tradition of the Greek people. Also called folk song or urban folk music (Gr: \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae or \u03bb\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 la\u00efk\u00e1 tragoudia), in its plural form is a Greek music genre which has taken many forms over the years. La\u00efk\u00f3 followed after the commercialization of Rebetiko music. It is strongly dominated by Greek folk music and it is used to describe Greek popular music as a whole. When used in context, it refers mostly to the form it took in the period from the 1950s to the 1980s.", "Q217199": "A soundtrack, also written sound track, can be recorded music accompanying and synchronized to the images of a motion picture, book, television program, or video game; a commercially released soundtrack album of music as featured in the soundtrack of a film, video, or television presentation; or the physical area of a film that contains the synchronized recorded sound.", "Q61059": "Ira Gershwin (born Israel Gershowitz, December 6, 1896 \u2013 August 17, 1983) was an American lyricist who collaborated with his younger brother, composer George Gershwin, to create some of the most memorable songs in the English language of the 20th century.With George he wrote more than a dozen Broadway shows, featuring songs such as \"I Got Rhythm\", \"Embraceable You\", \"The Man I Love\" and \"Someone to Watch Over Me\". He was also responsible, along with DuBose Heyward, for the libretto to George's opera Porgy and Bess.\nThe success the Gershwin brothers had with their collaborative works has often overshadowed the creative role that Ira played. His mastery of songwriting continued, however, after the early death of George. He wrote additional hit songs with composers Jerome Kern, Kurt Weill, Harry Warren and Harold Arlen.\nHis critically acclaimed 1959 book Lyrics on Several Occasions, an amalgam of autobiography and annotated anthology, is an important source for studying the art of the lyricist in the golden age of American popular song.\n\n", "Q362274": "Guillermo Fari\u00f1as Hern\u00e1ndez (born 3 January 1962) (\"El Coco\") is a Cuban doctor of psychology, independent journalist and political dissident in Cuba. He has conducted 23 hunger strikes over the years to protest various elements of the Cuban government and spent more than 11 years in prison. He vowed that he would die in the struggle against censorship in Cuba.\n\n", "Q220735": "The French Connection is a 1971 American action thriller film directed by William Friedkin. The screenplay, written by Ernest Tidyman, is based on Robin Moore's 1969 non-fiction book The French Connection. It tells the story of New York Police Department detectives Jimmy \"Popeye\" Doyle and Buddy \"Cloudy\" Russo, whose real-life counterparts were Narcotics Detectives Eddie Egan and Sonny Grosso, in pursuit of wealthy French heroin smuggler Alain Charnier. The film stars Gene Hackman as Popeye, Roy Scheider as Cloudy, and Fernando Rey as Charnier. Tony Lo Bianco and Marcel Bozzuffi also star. The Three Degrees are featured in a nightclub scene.\nAt the 44th Academy Awards, it won the Oscars for Best Picture, Best Actor (Hackman), Best Director (Friedkin), Best Film Editing, and Best Adapted Screenplay (Tidyman). It was nominated for Best Supporting Actor (Scheider), Best Cinematography and Best Sound Mixing. Tidyman also received a Golden Globe Award nomination, a Writers Guild of America Award and an Edgar Award for his screenplay. A sequel, French Connection II, followed in 1975 with Gene Hackman and Fernando Rey reprising their roles.\nThe American Film Institute included the film in its list of the best American films in 1998 and again in 2007. In 2005 the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".\n\n", "Q76525": "G\u00fcnter Verheugen (born 28 April 1944) is a German politician who served as European Commissioner for Enlargement from 1999 to 2004, and then as European Commissioner for Enterprise and Industry from 2004 to 2010. He was also one of five vice presidents of the 27-member Barroso Commission (Barroso I). After his retirement, he is now honorary Professor at the European University Viadrina in Frankfurt (Oder).", "Q2376540": "Tess of the D'Urbervilles is a 4-hour BBC television adaptation of Thomas Hardy's book of the same name. The script is by David Nicholls. It tells the story of Tess Durbeyfield, a low-born country girl whose family find they have noble connections.\nThe series commenced in the United Kingdom on 14 September 2008 and ran until 5 October 2008 airing in four parts on BBC One. In the United States, it aired as part of PBS's Masterpiece Classic in two parts from 4 January until 11 January 2009. In Australia, ABC1 also opted to air this series as a two-part special each Sunday at 8:30pm from 11 April until 18 April 2010.The cast features Gemma Arterton as Tess, Hans Matheson as Alec, Eddie Redmayne as Angel, Ruth Jones as Joan, Anna Massey as Mrs d'Urberville and Kenneth Cranham as Rev Clare.", "Q30570": "David Michael Draiman (born March 13, 1973) is an American singer and songwriter; he is the lead singer of Disturbed and Device. Draiman has a distorted, operatic baritone voice and percussive singing style. In November 2006, Draiman was voted number 42 on the Hit Parader's \"Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time\". Draiman has written some of Disturbed's most successful singles, such as \"Stupify\", \"Down with the Sickness\", \"Indestructible\", and \"Inside the Fire\".\nIn October 2011, Disturbed went on hiatus, and Draiman worked on an industrial rock/metal project with Geno Lenardo (former guitarist of Filter), which was later named Device; they released one album, in 2013. In June 2015, Disturbed returned with a single and a new album, Immortalized. In 2018, Disturbed released Evolution.", "Q1451186": "Fran\u00e7ois Sarhan (born 30 September 1972) is a French composer, installation artist, visual artist and writer.\n\n", "Q2366753": "Lace is an American television two-part miniseries, based on the novel of the same name by author Shirley Conran. The series aired on ABC on February 26\u201327, 1984. The plot concerns the search by sex symbol Lili (Phoebe Cates) for her natural mother, who surrendered her for adoption as a newborn. Lace was one of the highest-rated television movies of the 1983\u201384 television season.\nLili's line \"Incidentally, which one of you bitches is my mother?\", addressed to her three maternal candidates \u2014 Pagan Trelawney (Brooke Adams), Judy Hale (Bess Armstrong) and Maxine Pascal (Arielle Dombasle) \u2014 was named the best line in television history by TV Guide in its 1993 issue celebrating 40 years of television.", "Q66736": "Duggingen is a municipality in the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q201923": "Tadpole is a 2002 American romantic comedy film directed by Gary Winick, written by Heather McGowan and Niels Mueller, and starring Sigourney Weaver, Bebe Neuwirth, Aaron Stanford, John Ritter, Robert Iler, and Kate Mara.", "Q528640": "Karan Armstrong (born December 14, 1941, Havre, Montana) is an American operatic soprano, who is celebrated as a singing-actress.", "Q1369130": "Ren\u00e9 Couzinet (born 20 July 1904, Saint-Martin-des-Noyers, Vend\u00e9e, died 16 December 1956) was a French aeronautics engineer and aircraft manufacturer. The Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Avions Ren\u00e9 Couzinet manufactured a range of Couzinet aircraft during the 1920s and 1930s.", "Q16150196": "The Donetsk People's Republic (DPR or DNR; Russian: \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, tr. Donetskaya Narodnaya Respublika, IPA: [d\u0250\u02c8n\u02b2\u025btsk\u0259j\u0259 n\u0250\u02c8rodn\u0259j\u0259 r\u02b2\u026a\u02c8spubl\u02b2\u026ak\u0259], Ukrainian: \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430, romanized: Donets'ka Narodna Respublika) is a Russia-backed proto-state in the eastern Ukrainian Oblast of Donetsk. The proto-state is recognised only by the partially recognised South Ossetia and Russia-backed proto-state Luhansk People's Republic (LPR). The capital city and largest city within the is Donetsk. The current head of state is Denis Pushilin.The DPR declared its Independence after the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, alongside the LPR and the Republic of Crimea. An ongoing armed conflict between Ukraine and the DPR and LPR followed their declarations of independence. The LPR and DPR receive humanitarian assistance from Russia. According to NATO and Ukraine, Russia had also provided military aid to the rebels, a claim that Russia denies. Ukraine claims that both the DPR and LPR are terrorist organizations, although this designation is not supported by the Supreme Court of Ukraine or by international governments including the EU, US, or Russia.The February 2015 Minsk agreement signed by the DPR, LDR and Ukraine was meant to stop the conflict and reintegrate rebel held territory into Ukraine in exchange for more autonomy for this area. But the agreement was never fully implemented.Since February 2017, Russia has been recognising identity documents, diplomas, birth and marriage certificates, and vehicle registration plates which have been issued by the DPR; and has said that it will continue to do so until a \"political settlement of the situation\" in separatist-controlled regions, based on the Minsk II agreement, is reached. NATO, Ukrainian and Western military experts have claimed that regular Russian units have been aiding the DPR and LPR, who have modern Russian tanks and artillery. Russia has denied this, but has stated that Russian volunteers are helping the DPR and LPR.Along with the Luhansk People's Republic and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the Donetsk People's Republic is considered by Ukraine one of three temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine as a result of Russian military intervention.The DPR and the Ukrainian government estimate that over 50% of the total population of Donetsk Oblast, around 1,870,000 people, live in DPR-held regions. Although the rebels do not control most of Donetsk Oblast in terms of area, only controlling 7,853 km2, they hold major cities like Donetsk, the capital, and Horlivka.", "Q423067": "Lia Amanda (born 2 September 1932) is an Italian former film actress.", "Q191350": "Zephaniah Platt (May 27, 1735 \u2013 September 12, 1807) was an American politician and lawyer, and founder of the U.S. town of Plattsburgh, New York.", "Q4398071": "Moscow State Aviation Technological University is a university in Moscow, Russia. The modern name of this university is \u00abMATI\u00bb - Russian State University of Aviation Technology (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c. \u041a.\u042d.\u0426\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e). It is named after the Russian aeronautics and rocketry pioneer Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovskii.\nThe current name of \"MATI\" Russian State Technological University is \"MAI\" Moscow Aviation Institute", "Q473888": "Severin von Eckardstein is a German classical pianist. He was born in 1978 in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany, and took his first piano lessons when he was six years old.\nAt the age of 12 he was accepted into a young-talent class at the Robert Schumann Hochschule in D\u00fcsseldorf. During his school years, von Eckardstein continued his piano studies in Hannover and in Salzburg with Karl-Heinz K\u00e4mmerling.\nAfter his graduation, he attended the Berlin University of the Arts to take lessons from Klaus Hellwig. In 2000 he made a strong impression at the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition: he was placed third.\nAfter receiving his degree in 2002, he continued his studies at the International Piano Academy Lake Como, in Italy.\nHe won the 2003 International Queen Elisabeth competition in Brussels, Belgium.", "Q78508": "Erich Oswald Hans Carl Maria von Stroheim (born Erich Oswald Stroheim; September 22, 1885 \u2013 May 12, 1957) was an Austrian-American director, actor and producer, most noted as a film star and avant garde, visionary director of the silent era. His masterpiece adaptation of Frank Norris's McTeague titled Greed is considered one of the finest and most important films ever made. After clashes with Hollywood studio bosses over budget and workers' rights issues, Stroheim was banned for life as a director and subsequently became a well-respected character actor, particularly in French cinema. For his early innovations as a director, Stroheim is still celebrated as one of the first of the auteur directors. He helped introduce more sophisticated plots and noirish sexual and psychological undercurrents into cinema. He died in 1957 in France of prostate cancer at the age of 71. Beloved by Parisian neo-Surrealists known as Letterists, he was honored by Letterist Maurice Lema\u00eetre with a 70-minute 1979 film entitled \"Erich von Stroheim.\"", "Q60347": "Walter Hans Schottky (23 July 1886 \u2013 4 March 1976) was a German physicist who played a major early role in developing the theory of electron and ion emission phenomena, invented the screen-grid vacuum tube in 1915 while working at Siemens, co-invented the ribbon microphone and ribbon loudspeaker along with Dr. Erwin Gerlach in 1924 and later made many significant contributions in the areas of semiconductor devices, technical physics and technology.", "Q236157": "C\u00e9cile de France (French: [sesil d\u0259 f\u0281\u0251\u0303s]; born 17 July 1975) is a Belgian actress. After achieving success in French cinema hits such as L'Art (d\u00e9licat) de la s\u00e9duction (2001) and Ir\u00e8ne (2002), she gained international attention for her lead roles in High Tension (2003) and Hereafter (2010).", "Q784260": "Jermaine John Coleman (born August 30, 1973), better known by his stage name Maino, is an American rapper from Brooklyn, New York City, New York. He is perhaps best known for his debut single \"Hi Hater,\" as well as its follow-up \"All the Above,\" the latter of which features American singer T-Pain and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). To date Maino has collectively sold just under 4 million digital singles globally.", "Q270102": "Rugby sevens (commonly known as simply sevens), and originally known as seven-a-side rugby, is a variant of rugby union in which teams are made up of seven players playing seven minute halves, instead of the usual 15 players playing 40 minute halves. Rugby sevens is administered by World Rugby, the body responsible for rugby union worldwide. The game is popular at all levels, with amateur and club tournaments generally held in the summer months. Sevens is one of the most well distributed forms of rugby, and is popular in parts of Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, and especially in the South Pacific.Rugby sevens originated in Melrose, Scotland in the 1880s; the Melrose Sevens tournament is still played annually. The popularity of rugby sevens increased further with the development of the Hong Kong Sevens in the 1970s and was later followed by the inclusion of the sport into the Commonwealth Games for the first time in 1998 and the establishment of the annual World Rugby Sevens Series in 1999 and the World Rugby Women's Sevens Series in 2012. In 2016, rugby sevens was contested in the Summer Olympics for the first time. It has also been played in regional events such as the Pan American Games and the Asian Games, and in 2018 a women's tournament was played for the first time at the Commonwealth Games.", "Q29021": "Mauno Henrik Koivisto GOIH (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8m\u0251uno \u02c8koi\u028bisto]; 25 November 1923 \u2013 12 May 2017) was a Finnish politician who served as the ninth President of Finland from 1982 to 1994. He also served twice as Prime Minister, 1968 \u2013 1970 and 1979 \u2013 1982. He was the first Social Democratic Party member to be elected President of Finland.", "Q108767": "Siegmund Salfeld (24 March 1843 \u2013 May 1926) was a German rabbi and writer. He was born at Stadthagen, Schaumburg-Lippe.\nHaving received his degree of Ph.D. from the University of Berlin in 1870, he became in the same year rabbi of Dessau, Anhalt. In 1880 he was chosen rabbi of Mainz. He collaborated on Meyers Konversations-Lexikon and the Jewish Encyclopedia. He died in Mainz, aged 83.", "Q74332": "Dietrich of Nieheim (Niem or Nyem) (c.\u20091345 \u2013 22 March 1418), medieval historian, was born at Nieheim, a small town subject to the see of Paderborn.", "Q534269": "Rachel Bissex (December 27, 1956, Boston, Massachusetts \u2013 February 20, 2005) was an American folk singer-songwriter. Her works included \"Dancing With My Mother\" and \"Drive All Night\".", "Q1806325": "Lars Rudolph (born 18 August 1966) is a German actor and musician. He appeared in more than ninety films since 1984. He won the Max-Oph\u00fcls-Preis in 1997.", "Q647559": "Goalball is a team sport designed specifically for athletes with a vision impairment. Participants compete in teams of three, and try to throw a ball that has bells embedded in it into the opponents' goal. The ball is thrown by hand and never kicked. Using ear-hand coordination, originating as a rehabilitation exercise, the sport has no able-bodied equivalent. Able-bodied athletes are also blindfolded when playing this sport.\nPlayed indoors, usually on a volleyball court, games consist of twelve-minute halves (formerly ten-minute halves). Teams alternate throwing or rolling the ball from one end of the playing area to the other, and players remain in the area of their own goal in both defence and attack. Players must use the sound of the bell to judge the position and movement of the ball. Eyeshades allow partially sighted players to compete on an equal footing with blind players. Eyepatches may be worn under eyeshades to ensure complete coverage of the eye, and prevent any vision should the eyeshades become dislodged.\nThe International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA), founded in 1981 and responsible for a range of sports for the blind and partially sighted, is the official governing body for the sport.", "Q321359": "Abingdon Boys School (stylized as abingdon boys school) is a Japanese rock band formed in 2005 and fronted by Japanese singer Takanori Nishikawa.\nFormed in 2005, the band shares a name with the British independent school Abingdon School, in Abingdon, Oxfordshire, the all-male school where the rock band Radiohead was established.", "Q6411505": "King Edward VII School is a mixed secondary school and sixth form located in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England.", "Q982546": "Giovanni Cagliero SDB (11 January 1838 \u2013 28 February 1926) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Apostolic Delegate to Nicaragua from 1908 to 1915, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1915.\n\n", "Q1187723": "The Cimitero Acattolico ('Non-Catholic Cemetery') of Rome, often referred to as the Cimitero dei protestanti ('Protestant Cemetery') or Cimitero degli Inglesi ('Englishmen's Cemetery'), is a private cemetery in the rione of Testaccio in Rome. It is near Porta San Paolo and adjacent to the Pyramid of Cestius, a small-scale Egyptian-style pyramid built between 18 and 12 BC as a tomb and later incorporated into the section of the Aurelian Walls that borders the cemetery. It has Mediterranean cypress, pomegranate and other trees, and a grassy meadow. It is the final resting place of non-Catholics including but not exclusive to Protestants or British people. The earliest known burial is that of a University of Oxford student named Langton in 1738. The English poets John Keats and Percy Bysshe Shelley are buried there.", "Q385389": "Manuel Ramil (born 8 March 1978 in Ares, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain) is a Spanish musician, best known as the former keyboardist for the Power metal band WarCry and Torquemada and as the current keyboardist of alternative/power metal band Sauze, formed by himself, along with Alberto Ardines, Fernando Mon, and Toni Amboaje. His influences are Dream Theater, Yngwie Malmsteen, Angra, Symphony X, Kamelot, Ark, and many more.", "Q366012": "Avery Franklin Brooks (born October 2, 1948) is an American actor, director, singer, and educator. He is best known for his television roles as Benjamin Sisko on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, as Hawk on Spenser: For Hire and its spinoff A Man Called Hawk, and as Dr. Bob Sweeney in the Academy Award-nominated film American History X. He is a tenured professor in the theater department at Rutgers University where he has taught since 1976.", "Q63896": "Del\u00e9mont (French pronunciation: \u200b[d\u0259lem\u0254\u0303], Franc-Comtois: D'l\u00e9mont, German: Delsberg) is the capital of the Swiss canton of Jura. The city has approximately 12,000 inhabitants as of 2013.", "Q192881": "Tragicomedy is a literary genre that blends aspects of both tragic and comic forms. Most often seen in dramatic literature, the term can describe either a tragic play which contains enough comic elements to lighten the overall mood or a serious play with a happy ending. Tragicomedy, as its name implies, invokes the intended response of both the tragedy and the comedy in the audience, the former being a genre based on human suffering that invokes an accompanying catharsis or pleasure and the latter being a genre intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter.", "Q516786": "Jan Kott (October 27, 1914 \u2013 December 23, 2001) was a Polish political activist, critic and theoretician of the theatre. A leading proponent of Stalinism in Poland for nearly a decade after the Soviet takeover, Kott renounced his Communist Party membership in 1957 following the anti-Stalinist Polish October of 1956. He defected to the United States in 1965. He is regarded as having considerable influence upon Western productions of Shakespeare in the second half of the 20th century.", "Q434533": "Count Erik J\u00f6nsson Dahlbergh (10 October 1625 \u2013 16 January 1703) was a Swedish military engineer, Governor-general and Field marshal. He rose to the level of nobility through his military competence. As an architect and draftsman, he was renowned for fortification works. He is most known for his collection of engravings Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna, a collection of engravings of topographical research.", "Q2864966": "Arthur (born Jacques Essebag; 10 March 1966, in Casablanca, Morocco) is a TV presenter, producer and comedian.\nAfter having cancelled his law studies, he began his career as a host on local radio in the Paris region in the late 1980s. In the early 1990s, he found a certain notoriety by presenting programs on Fun Radio, Europe 1 and Europe 2 (Arthur et les pirates, PlanetArthur and Radio Arthur). He became, from 1991, host of television programs, first on France 2 and TF1 (Les Enfants de la t\u00e9l\u00e9, La Fureur).\nMeanwhile, he started a theater career with two one-man shows, Arthur en vrai (2005) and I Show (2009) and portraying Peter Brochan in Le D\u00eener de Cons (2007), alongside Dany Boon.\nSince the mid-1990s, he has also been an entrepreneur in the audiovisual field. He was, until 2006, vice president of the French subsidiary of production company Endemol. Since 2008, he has been the owner of Ou\u00ef FM.", "Q8692": "Bilbao (, also US: , Spanish: [bil\u02c8\u03b2ao]; Basque: Bilbo [bil\u03b2o]) is a city in northern Spain, the largest city in the province of Biscay and in the Basque Country as a whole. It is also the largest city proper in northern Spain. Bilbao is the tenth largest city in Spain, with a population of 345,141 as of 2015. The Bilbao metropolitan area has 1,037,847 inhabitants, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in northern Spain; with a population of 875,552 the comarca of Greater Bilbao is the fifth-largest urban area in Spain. Bilbao is also the main urban area in what is defined as the Greater Basque region.\nBilbao is situated in the north-central part of Spain, some 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of the Bay of Biscay, where the economic social development is located, where the estuary of Bilbao is formed. Its main urban core is surrounded by two small mountain ranges with an average elevation of 400 metres (1,300 ft). Its climate is shaped by the Bay of Biscay low-pressure systems and mild air, moderating summer temperatures by Iberian standards, with low sunshine and high rainfall. The annual temperature range is low for its latitude.\nAfter its foundation in the early 14th century by Diego L\u00f3pez V de Haro, head of the powerful Haro family, Bilbao was a commercial hub of the Basque Country that enjoyed significant importance in Green Spain. This was due to its port activity based on the export of iron extracted from the Biscayan quarries. Throughout the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, Bilbao experienced heavy industrialisation, making it the centre of the second-most industrialised region of Spain, behind Barcelona. At the same time an extraordinary population explosion prompted the annexation of several adjacent municipalities. Nowadays, Bilbao is a vigorous service city that is experiencing an ongoing social, economic, and aesthetic revitalisation process, started by the iconic Bilbao Guggenheim Museum, and continued by infrastructure investments, such as the airport terminal, the rapid transit system, the tram line, the Azkuna Zentroa, and the currently under development Abandoibarra and Zorrozaurre renewal projects.Bilbao is also home to football club Athletic Club de Bilbao, a significant symbol for Basque nationalism due to its promotion of only Basque players and one of the most successful clubs in Spanish football history.\nOn 19 May 2010, the city of Bilbao was recognised with the Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize, awarded by the city state of Singapore, in collaboration with the Swedish Nobel Academy. Considered the Nobel Prize for urbanism, it was handed out on 29 June 2010. On 7 January 2013, its mayor, I\u00f1aki Azkuna, received the 2012 World Mayor Prize awarded every two years by the British foundation The City Mayors Foundation, in recognition of the urban transformation experienced by the Biscayan capital since the 1990s. On 8 November 2017, Bilbao was chosen the Best European City 2018 at The Urbanism Awards 2018, awarded by the international organisation The Academy of Urbanism.\n\n", "Q3603983": "The Accademia degli Incogniti (Academy of the Unknowns) was a learned society of freethinking intellectuals, mainly noblemen, that significantly influenced the cultural and political life of mid-17th century Venice. The society was founded in 1630 by Giovanni Francesco Loredano and Guido Casoni, and derived its basic Aristotelian philosophy from Cesare Cremonini, a Peripatetic who was professor of philosophy at the University of Padua. The society included historians, poets, and librettists.\nAccording to historian Ellen Rosand, the academy, in keeping with its name, usually operated behind the scenes. Members often wrote in a secret language and frequently published their works anonymously. The Accademia degli Incogniti was particularly active in the promotion of musical theater in Venice from the 1630s onward, founding its own theater, the Teatro Novissimo, which flourished briefly between 1641 and 1645. In their librettos for musical dramas, the iconoclastic intellectuals of the academy set a tone which was \"[often] shockingly frank and frequently amoral\". Among these librettists were Giacomo Badoaro, who wrote Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria for Claudio Monteverdi, and Giovanni Francesco Busenello, who provided Monteverdi with the libretto for the composer's final and arguably greatest operatic work, L'incoronazione di Poppea. \nAlthough the academy is often depicted as a group of \"sceptical libertines extolling a peculiarly Venetian brand of (im)morality\", Loredano was a respected senator of the Venetian republic; other members likewise served the Republic as senators or councilors, and the academy remained an unofficial center of political power for several decades. Its influence began to wane in the late 1650s, and by 1661, the academy had ceased to meet.", "Q598815": "Alma Marie Sullivan Reed (1889\u20131966) was a US journalist. While working in Mexico in the 1920s, she fell in love with the governor of Yucat\u00e1n, Felipe Carrillo Puerto; however, he was assassinated while she was home in San Francisco preparing for their wedding. Reed was a promoter of the career of Mexican muralist Jos\u00e9 Clemente Orozco and wrote a biography of him as well as a work on Mexican muralists generally.", "Q129959": "Beethoven's 3rd is a 2000 American comedy film, and the third installment in the Beethoven film series. It is the first film to be released directly to video and to receive a G rating from the Motion Picture Association of America. The film marks the onscreen introduction of Judge Reinhold as George Newton's younger brother Richard (first mentioned in the original film), Julia Sweeney as Richard's wife Beth, Joe Pichler as Richard's son Brennan, and Michaela Gallo as Richard's daughter Sara.\n\n", "Q350588": "Lukasz Sebastian Gottwald (born September 26, 1973), known professionally as Dr. Luke, is an American record producer, songwriter and singer. His professional music career began in the late night television sketch comedy Saturday Night Live as its house band's lead guitarist in 1997 and producing remixes for artists such as Bon Jovi and Gravediggaz. He came into music prominence in 2004 for producing Kelly Clarkson's single \"Since U Been Gone\" with Swedish record producer Max Martin.\nGottwald continued to co-write and produce commercially successful records such as \"Who Knew\" (2006) for Pink, \"Girlfriend\" (2007) for Avril Lavigne, and \"I Kissed a Girl\" (2008) for Katy Perry, before leaving Saturday Night Live and reuniting with Clarkson for \"My Life Would Suck Without You\" (2009). Gottwald has also worked with Taio Cruz, B.o.B, Britney Spears, Nicki Minaj, Rihanna, T.I., Flo Rida, Miley Cyrus, Jessie J, Juicy J, Ne-Yo, Shakira and Pitbull. He is also noted for signing recording artists such as Kesha and Sabi.\nGottwald's work has been recognized with various music industry awards. Billboard named him one of the top performing producers of the 2000s. The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers awarded him Producer and Songwriter of the Year honors from 2009 to 2011. At the 53rd Grammy Awards, he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical, and Perry's Teenage Dream was nominated for Grammy Award for Album of the Year.\nIn October 2014, Kesha initiated a series of lawsuits, alleging sexual assault and abuse by Gottwald.", "Q321371": "The Bosporan Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus (Greek: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039a\u03b9\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u0392\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, Basileion tou Kimmerikou Bosporou), was an ancient Greco-Scythian state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, the present-day Strait of Kerch (it was not named after the more famous Bosphorus beside Istanbul at the other end of the Black Sea). It was the first truly 'Hellenistic' state in the sense that a mixed population adopted the Greek language and civilization. The Bosporan Kingdom became the longest surviving Roman client kingdom. The 1st and 2nd centuries BC saw a period of renewed golden age of the Bosporan state. It was a Roman province from 63 to 68 AD, under Emperor Nero. At the end of the 2nd century AD, King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat on the Scythians and included all the territories of the Crimea in the structure of his state.\nThe prosperity of the Bosporan Kingdom was based on the export of wheat, fish and slaves. The profit of the trade supported a class whose conspicuous wealth is still visible from newly discovered archaeological finds, excavated, often illegally, from numerous burial barrows known as kurgans. The once-thriving cities of the Bosporus left extensive architectural and sculptural remains, while the kurgans continue to yield spectacular Greco-Sarmatian objects, the best examples of which are now preserved in the Hermitage in St. Petersburg. These include gold work, vases imported from Athens, coarse terracottas, textile fragments, and specimens of carpentry and marquetry.", "Q1186415": "Y\u016bichi Nakamaru (\u4e2d\u4e38\u96c4\u4e00, Nakamaru Yuuichi, born on September 4, 1983 in Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan), is a Japanese Idol, singer-songwriter, actor, television personality, radio host, and a member of KAT-TUN.\nHe joined the talent agency Johnny & Associates in 1998 and then officially debuted as part of KAT-TUN in 2006.\nIndividually, he has acted in numerous drama serials and is most known as a commentator and host of his own segment on NTV information variety show \"Sunday Countdown Show Sh\u016bichi\".", "Q108997": "Georg Kronawitter (21 April 1928 \u2013 28 April 2016) was a German politician of the SPD. He was mayor of Munich from 1972 to 1978 and from 1984 to 1993.", "Q65217": "Sarmenstorf is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q3057151": "Ernest R. Emerson (born March 7, 1955) is an American custom knifemaker, martial artist, and edged-weapons expert. Originally an engineer and machinist in the aerospace industry, Emerson became a knifemaker by producing knives for a martial arts class and making art knives early in his knifemaking career. In the 1980s he became better known for his combat knives and popularizing a style of knife known as the Tactical-folder.In order to secure military contracts, Emerson eventually founded Emerson Knives, Inc a production company to mass-produce his designs in 1996. Emerson's knives have been displayed as museum pieces, designed for use by Navy SEALs and used by NASA in outer space.Emerson's knives have been featured in films and novels, due to their association with military units. This has furthered their popularity with collectors.Emerson is an accomplished martial artist who has developed a combatives system, Emerson Combat Systems, which has been taught to police officers, military units, and civilians.", "Q7513761": "Sikivu Hutchinson is an American feminist, atheist, author/novelist and playwright. She is the author of Humanists in the Hood: Unapologetically Black, Feminist, and Heretical (2020), White Nights, Black Paradise (2015), Godless Americana: Race and Religious Rebels (2013), Moral Combat: Black Atheists, Gender Politics, and the Values Wars (2011), and Imagining Transit: Race, Gender, and Transportation Politics in Los Angeles (Travel Writing Across the Disciplines) (2003). Moral Combat is the first book on atheism to be published by an African-American woman. In 2013 she was named Secular Woman of the year and was awarded Foundation Beyond Belief's 2015 Humanist Innovator award, and the Secular Student Alliance's 2016 Backbone award.\n\n", "Q361755": "Adolf Fris\u00e9 (29 May 1910 in Euskirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia \u2212 2 May 2003 in Frankfurt am Main) was a German journalist, author and editor. He is best known as the editor of the literary works of the Austrian philosophical writer Robert Musil.", "Q106762": "George Porter, Baron Porter of Luddenham, (6 December 1920 \u2013 31 August 2002) was a British chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967.", "Q75004": "Pilar Mercedes Mir\u00f3 Romero (20 April 1940 in Madrid \u2013 19 October 1997 in Madrid) was a Spanish screenwriter and film director. She was the General Director of RTVE from 1986 to 1989. In the 1990s, she directed the television broadcast of the weddings of King Juan Carlos I daughters.\nIn 1981 her film Gary Cooper, Who Art in Heaven was entered into the 12th Moscow International Film Festival. Her 1986 film Werther was entered into the main competition at the 43rd edition of the Venice Film Festival. In 1992 her film Beltenebros won the Silver Bear for an outstanding artistic contribution at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival. Her film El p\u00e1jaro de la felicidad was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival.In 1995, she was a member of the jury at the 45th Berlin International Film Festival.On 18 March 1995 she directed the television broadcast of Infanta Elena wedding in the Seville Cathedral. On 4 October 1997 she did the same for Infanta Cristina wedding in the Barcelona Cathedral.\nShe died on 19 October 1997 in Madrid from a myocardial infarction.\n\n", "Q33051": "Saturnino Mar\u00eda Laspiur (October 1829 \u2013 August 1885) was an Argentine lawyer and politician who served as deputy, senator, Minister of the Supreme Court of Justice and Minister of the Interior of his country.", "Q194566": "Laura Brent (born 2 May 1988) is an Australian actress, best known for her role as Lilliandil in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.Born in Melbourne, Brent attended the National Institute of Dramatic Art, where she trained as an actress and a singer and graduated in 2007. She made her first screen appearance in the 2009 short film Message from the CEO and went on to making guest appearances on the Australian television series Chandon Pictures, Legend of the Seeker and Rescue: Special Ops. In 2010, she rose to international fame when she made her feature film debut as Lilliandil in the third installment of The Chronicles of Narnia film series, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader.", "Q166928": "Christopher Black Cannon (born October 20, 1950) is an American politician who formerly served as a member of the United States House of Representatives, for the Republican Party, representing the third district of Utah from 1997 to 2009.\nHe was born in Salt Lake City, Utah and attended Brigham Young University (BYU) as well as J. Reuben Clark Law School of BYU. From 1980 until 1996 he was a lawyer, business owner, and venture capitalist, from which he became a millionaire. Other jobs include time as an associate solicitor for the United States Department of the Interior from 1984 to 1986, and time as Utah Republican Party finance chairman from 1992 until 1994. On June 24, 2008, he was defeated in the 2008 Republican Party third district primary by Jason Chaffetz, former chief of staff to then-Utah Governor Jon Huntsman Jr.", "Q223572": "Ana Paula Ar\u00f3sio (born July 16, 1975) is a Brazilian model and actress. She lives in Swindon, England, since 2015.", "Q786339": "Umberto Colombo (1927 \u2013 13 May 2006) was a Jewish-Italian chemical engineer, academic and the minister of universities, science and technology of Italy.", "Q91396": "Friedrich Haug (Johann Christoph Friedrich Haug, born March 9, 1761 in Niederstotzingen, \u2020 January 30, 1829 in Stuttgart) was a German official and poet.", "Q54974": "Kiler (English: The Hitman) is a 1997 Polish comedy by Juliusz Machulski, starring Cezary Pazura, Jerzy Stuhr, Janusz Rewi\u0144ski, Jan Englert, Katarzyna Figura and Ma\u0142gorzata Ko\u017cuchowska. The movie is a story of a taxi driver named Jerzy (short: Jurek) Kiler who is mistaken for a notorious mercenary killer by the police as well as the mafia.\nSeeing the movie's tremendous success in Poland, Hollywood quickly purchased the rights to the movie, with the intention to adapt it for the American market, with Machulski (the original director) as the executive producer. However, nothing of the sort has happened since.", "Q1711532": "Juha Petri Sipil\u00e4 (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8juh\u0251 \u02c8petri \u02c8sipil\u00e6]; born 25 April 1961) is a Finnish politician who served as Prime Minister of Finland from 2015 to 2019. A relative newcomer to politics, he has a successful background in business. He was the leader of the Centre Party from 9 June 2012 to 7 September 2019. After leading the Centre party to victory in the 2015 general election, Sipil\u00e4 formed a centre-right coalition and was appointed Prime Minister by the Finnish Parliament on 29 May 2015. On 8 March 2019, Sipil\u00e4 stated his intention to resign as Prime Minister, citing difficulties in reforming Finland's health care system. President Sauli Niinist\u00f6 asked him to continue with a caretaker government until a new government coalition was appointed on 6 June 2019 and was ultimately succeeded by Antti Rinne .", "Q184775": "Ipswich ( (listen)) is a historic county town in Suffolk, England. The town is located in East Anglia about 10 miles away from the mouth of the River Orwell and the North Sea. Ipswich is both on the Great Eastern Main Line railway and the A12 road, it is 66 miles (106 km) north-east of London, 54 miles (89 km) east-southeast of Cambridge, and 45 miles (72 km) south of Norwich. Ipswich is surrounded by two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB); Suffolk Coast and Heaths and Dedham Vale.\nIpswich's modern name is derived from the medieval name Gippeswic, likely taken either from an Old Saxon personal name or from an earlier name given to the Orwell Estuary (although unrelated to the name of the River Gipping). It has also been known as Gyppewicus and Yppswyche. The town has been continuously occupied since the Saxon period, and is contested to be one of the oldest towns in the United Kingdom. Ipswich was a settlement of great economic importance to England throughout its history, particularly in trade. The town's historical dock, present-day Ipswich Waterfront, was known as the largest and most important dock in the kingdom.Ipswich is a non-metropolitan district and is a large settlement despite its town status. The urban development of Ipswich overspills the borough boundaries significantly, with 75% of the town's population living within the borough at the time of the 2011 Census, when it was the fourth-largest urban area in the United Kingdom's East of England region, and the 42nd-largest urban area in England and Wales. In 2011, the town of Ipswich was found to have a population of 133,384, while the Ipswich built-up area is estimated to have a population of approximately 180,000 in 2011.The town is split into various quarters, with central and the waterfront drawing the most footfall. Central is home to the town's retail shopping and the historical town square, the Cornhill. The waterfront is located south of the town centre on the bend of the River Orwell and is a picturesque setting housing the town's impressive marina. The waterfront was historically an industrial port but has since been transformed into a trendy area lined with high-rise apartment buildings, restaurants, bars and caf\u00e9s. The waterfront is also home to one of the UK's newest universities, the University of Suffolk, which was formed in 2016.Ipswich has become a tourist hotspot in the UK with 3.5 million people reported to have visited the county town in 2016. In 2020, Ipswich was ranked as an emerging global tourist destination by TripAdvisor. Ipswich was voted as the 7th most desirable place to live and work in England by the Royal Mail in 2017. In 2007, Ipswich was awarded the cleanest town award, and in 2015, Ipswich was rated as the third happiest place to live in the UK.", "Q117109": "Susanne Leutenegger Oberholzer (born March 6, 1948 in Chur, Grisons) is a politician of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland. She was a National Councillor from 1987 to 1991, then again from 1999 to 2018.\n\n", "Q788314": "Raymond De Felitta (born June 30, 1964) is an American independent film director, screenwriter and musician.", "Q822914": "Christian metal, also known as white metal, Jesus metal or heavenly metal, is a form of heavy metal music usually defined by its message using song lyrics as well as the dedication of the band members to Christianity. Christian metal is typically performed by professed Christians principally for Christians who listen to heavy metal music and often produced and distributed through various Christian networks.Christian metal bands exist in most of the subgenres of heavy metal music, and the only common link among most Christian metal bands are the lyrics. The Christian themes are often melded with the subjects of the genre the band is rooted in, regularly providing a Christian take on the subject matter. It has been argued that the marginal yet transnational Christian metal subculture provides its core members with an alternative religious expression and Christian identity, and that the music serves the purpose of offering a positive message through lyrical content. This may not necessarily show a direct connection or reference to the Christian faith but often it does.Christian metal emerged in the late 1970s as a means of evangelization to the wider heavy metal music scene and was pioneered by the American Resurrection Band and Barnabas, the Swedish Jerusalem, and Canadian Daniel Band. Los Angeles' Stryper achieved wide success in the 1980s. In the mid to late 1980s, extreme metal genres were popularized by bands such as Vengeance Rising, Deliverance, Believer and Tourniquet. In the early 1990s, the Australian death metal band Mortification rose to prominence within its country's underground metal scene. At the turn of the 21st century, the nu metal band P.O.D, with two platinum-selling albums, achieved a mainstream commercial success rivaling that of Stryper. The metalcore groups Underoath, Demon Hunter, As I Lay Dying and Norma Jean (dubbed \"The Holy Alliance\" by Revolver Magazine) also brought some mainstream attention to the movement in the first decade of the 2000s, achieving ranks in the Billboard 200.", "Q377651": "Edwin Percy Whipple (March 8, 1819 \u2013 June 16, 1886) was an American essayist and critic.", "Q235310": "Alexis Jordan (born April 7, 1992) is an American singer and actress from Columbia, South Carolina. Jordan rose to fame as a contestant on the first season of America's Got Talent in 2006 at the age of 14. After being eliminated from the show, she began to upload cover songs to YouTube, which received millions of views. The exposure led Jordan to the attention of Norwegian production team Stargate and American rapper Jay Z, who both went on to sign her to their joint label, StarRoc.Her debut single, \"Happiness\", was released in September 2010, and reached number one in the Netherlands and Norway, and also became a top-three hit in Australia and the United Kingdom. Jordan's debut self-titled album was released on February 25, 2011. \"Good Girl\" was released as Jordan's second single in February 2011. The song debuted at No. 6 on the UK Singles Chart, giving Jordan her second top-10 hit in the United Kingdom. It also reached No. 15 in Ireland and became her second chart-topper on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart in April. Her self-titled debut album was released on February 25, 2011. It debuted on the UK Albums Chart at No. 9 and on the Australian Albums Chart at No. 11. \"Hush Hush\" was released as the album's third single on May 8, 2011.\nJordan also featured on Sean Paul's single \"Got 2 Luv U\", which reached number one in Switzerland and Bulgaria.\nOn December 28, 2013 Alexis confirmed that the lead single from her then upcoming second studio album would be titled \"Gone\" and it would be released on March 1, 2014. Its video premiered the day before on Jordan's official YouTube channel.", "Q881073": "George Thomas Wood (March 12, 1795 \u2013 September 3, 1858) was an American military officer and politician who served as the second Governor of Texas.", "Q58125755": "Merzbow (\u30e1\u30eb\u30c4\u30d0\u30a6, Merutsubau) is a Japanese noise project started in 1979 by Masami Akita (\u79cb\u7530 \u660c\u7f8e, Akita Masami). Merzbow is best known for a style of harsh, confrontational noise. Since 1980, Akita has released over 400 recordings and has collaborated with various artists.\nThe name Merzbow comes from the German dada artist Kurt Schwitters' artwork Merzbau, in which Schwitters transformed the interior of his house using found objects. The name was chosen to reflect Akita's dada influence and junk art aesthetic. In addition to this, Akita has cited a wide range of musical influences from progressive rock, heavy metal, free jazz, and early electronic music to non-musical influences like dadaism, surrealism, and fetish culture. Since the early 2000s, he has been inspired by animal rights and environmentalism, and began to follow a vegan, straight edge lifestyle.As well as being a prolific musician, he has been a writer and editor for several books and magazines in Japan, and has written several books of his own. He has written about a variety of subjects, mostly about music, modern art, and underground culture. His more renowned works were on the topics of BDSM and Japanese bondage. Other art forms Akita has been interested in include painting, photography, filmmaking, and Butoh dance.In 2000, Extreme Records released the 50 CD box set known as the Merzbox. Akita's work has been the subject of several remix albums and at least one tribute album. This, among other achievements, has helped Merzbow to be regarded by some as the \"most important artist in noise\".\n\n", "Q487921": "Calw (German pronunciation: [\u02c8kalf]; previously pronounced [kalp] and sometimes spelled Kalb accordingly) is a town in the middle of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in the south of Germany, capital and largest town of the district Calw. It is located in the Northern Black Forest and is approximately 18 km (11 mi) south of Pforzheim and 33 km (21 mi) west of Stuttgart. It has the status of a gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt.", "Q569634": "Kronberg im Taunus is a town in the Hochtaunuskreis district, Hesse, Germany and part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. Before 1866, it was in the Duchy of Nassau; in that year the whole Duchy was absorbed into Prussia. Kronberg lies at the foot of the Taunus, flanked in the north and southwest by forests. A mineral water spring also rises in the town.", "Q267330": "Miles Alexander Teller (born February 20, 1987) is an American actor. His films include The Spectacular Now, Whiplash, The Divergent Series, Bleed for This and Thank You for Your Service.", "Q78246": "Johann Friedrich Kind (4 March 1768, in Leipzig \u2013 24 June 1843) was a German dramatist, most famous for writing the libretto for Carl Maria von Weber's opera Der Freisch\u00fctz (1821).", "Q172785": "Gino Munaron (born 2 April 1928 in Turin \u2013 died 22 November 2009 in Valenza) was a racing driver from Italy. He participated in 4 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 7 February 1960. He scored no championship points.\n\n", "Q885215": "Walter Jodok Kohler, Sr., (March 3, 1875 \u2013 April 21, 1940) was a member of the Kohler family of Wisconsin and was an American businessman and politician. He was an innovative and highly successful Wisconsin industrialist. The Kohler Company was founded by his father, John Michael Kohler. Walter Kohler served as the company's president from 1905 to 1937. Walter Kohler was elected the 26th Governor of Wisconsin as a Republican, serving one term from 1929 to 1931. A moderate, pro-business Republican who admired Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover, Kohler sparred with the Left and Right in his party before and during the Great Depression. His son, Walter J. Kohler, Jr., also served as governor, from 1951 to 1957.\n\n", "Q1815371": "The National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) is Australia's leading centre for education and training in the performing arts. Founded in 1958, NIDA uses a conservatoire model, where students learn through practical experience, working on real productions. NIDA offers Bachelor's, Master's and Vocational degrees in subjects including acting, writing, directing, scenic construction, technical theatre, voice, costume, props, production design and cultural leadership.\nNIDA also delivers short courses to thousands of students every year across Australia and internationally. The NIDA Open program is Australia's largest non-profit, performing arts short course program.In 2018, NIDA was ranked as the 10th best drama school in the world by The Hollywood Reporter and in the Top 5 Undergraduate Schools for an Acting Degree in 2019.\nNIDA's main campus is based in the Sydney suburb of Kensington, located adjacent to the University of New South Wales (UNSW), and is made up of a range of rehearsal and performance venues.\nNIDA receives funding from the Australian Government through the Department of Communications and the Arts, and is a member of the \"Australian Roundtable for Arts Training Excellence (Arts8)\", an initiative between the national performing arts training organisations and the Australian Government providing training for emerging artists.", "Q230268": "Jane Krakowski (; born Krajkowski; October 11, 1968) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for the roles of Cousin Vicki in National Lampoon's Vacation, and Jenna Maroney in the NBC comedy series 30 Rock, for which she received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. Other notable television credits include Elaine Vassal on Ally McBeal and Jacqueline White in the Netflix comedy series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt.\nKrakowski also regularly performs on stage, winning a Tony Award for her performance in the Broadway revival of Nine, as well as receiving Tony nominations for Grand Hotel and She Loves Me, and a Laurence Olivier Award for her performance as Miss Adelaide in the West End revival of Guys and Dolls.", "Q77161": "Hans Joachim Morgenthau (February 17, 1904 \u2013 July 19, 1980) was one of the major twentieth-century figures in the study of international relations. Morgenthau's works belong to the tradition of realism in international relations theory, and he is usually considered, along with George F. Kennan and Reinhold Niebuhr, one of the three leading American realists of the post-World War II period. Morgenthau made landmark contributions to international relations theory and the study of international law. His Politics Among Nations, first published in 1948, went through five editions during his lifetime.\nMorgenthau also wrote widely about international politics and U.S. foreign policy for general-circulation publications such as The New Leader, Commentary, Worldview, The New York Review of Books, and The New Republic. He knew and corresponded with many of the leading intellectuals and writers of his era, such as Reinhold Niebuhr, George F. Kennan, Carl Schmitt and Hannah Arendt. At one point in the early Cold War, Morgenthau was a consultant to the U.S. Department of State when Kennan headed its Policy Planning Staff, and a second time during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations until he was dismissed by Johnson when he began to publicly criticize American policy in Vietnam. For most of his career, however, Morgenthau was esteemed as an academic interpreter of U.S. foreign policy.", "Q2937480": "Capitol Music Group (abbreviated as CMG) is an American front line umbrella label owned by the Universal Music Group (UMG). It oversees handling of record labels assigned to UMG's Capitol Records division and was inherited from its acquisition of EMI's catalog [with the exception of Parlophone, which was sold to Warner Music Group (WMG) in 2013]. It is one of five umbrella labels owned by UMG, the other four being Interscope Geffen A&M, Island Records, Def Jam Recordings, and Republic Records. Labels distributed under the CMG brand include Capitol Records, Virgin Records, Motown Records, Blue Note Records, Astralwerks, Harvest Records, Capitol Christian Music Group, Priority Records, Atom Factory Entertainment, and Deep Well Records.\n\n", "Q83786": "Shimla (English: ; Hindi: [\u02c8\u0283\u026amla\u02d0] (listen)), also known as Simla, is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. In 1864, Shimla was declared as the summer capital of British India, succeeding Murree, northeast of Rawalpindi. After independence, the city became the capital of Punjab and was later made the capital of Himachal Pradesh. It is the principal commercial, cultural and educational centre of the state.Small hamlets were recorded prior to 1815 when British forces took control of the area. The climatic conditions attracted the British to establish the city in the dense forests of Himalayas. As the summer capital, Shimla hosted many important political meetings including the Simla Accord of 1914 and the Simla Conference of 1945. After independence, The state of Himachal Pradesh came into being in 1948 as a result of integration of 28 princely states. Even after independence, the city remained an important political centre, hosting the Simla Agreement of 1972. After reorganisation of state of Himachal Pradesh, the existing Mahasu district was named Shimla.\nShimla is home to a number of buildings that are styled in the Tudorbethan and neo-Gothic architectures dating from the colonial era, as well as multiple temples and churches. The colonial architecture and churches, the temples and the natural environment of the city attracts tourists. Attractions include the Viceregal Lodge, the Christ Church, the Jakhoo Temple, the Mall Road, the Ridge and Annadale which together form the city centre. The Kalka\u2013Shimla Railway line built by the British, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is also a major tourist attraction. Owing to its steep terrain, Shimla hosts the mountain biking race MTB Himalaya, which started in 2005 and is regarded as the biggest event of its kind in South Asia. Shimla also has the largest natural ice skating rink in South Asia. Apart from being a tourism centre, the city is also an educational hub with a number of colleges and research institutions.\n\n", "Q92853": "Jean David Ichbiah (25 March 1940 \u2013 26 January 2007) was a French computer scientist and the initial chief designer (1977\u20131983) of Ada, a general-purpose, strongly typed programming language with certified validated compilers.", "Q153987": "The University of Freiburg (colloquially German: Uni Freiburg), officially the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg (German: Albert-Ludwigs-Universit\u00e4t Freiburg), is a public research university located in Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. The university was founded in 1457 by the Habsburg dynasty as the second university in Austrian-Habsburg territory after the University of Vienna. Today, Freiburg is the fifth-oldest university in Germany, with a long tradition of teaching the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences and enjoys a high academic reputation both nationally and internationally. The university is made up of 11 faculties and attracts students from across Germany as well as from over 120 other countries. Foreign students constitute about 18.2% of total student numbers.The University of Freiburg has been associated with figures such as Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, Rudolf Carnap, David Daube, Johann Eck, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Friedrich Hayek, Edmund Husserl, Edith Stein, Friedrich Meinecke, Max Weber, Paul Uhlenhuth and Ernst Zermelo. As of October 2018, 21 Nobel laureates are affiliated with the University of Freiburg as alumni, faculty or researchers, and 15 academics have been honored with the highest German research prize, the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, while working at the university.\n\n", "Q1065956": "Charles Welles Rosen (May 5, 1927 \u2013 December 9, 2012) was an American pianist and writer on music. He is remembered for his career as a concert pianist, for his recordings, and for his many writings, notable among them the book The Classical Style.", "Q103168": "Georg Wilhelm Steinkopf (28 June 1879 \u2013 12 March 1949) was a German chemist. Today he is mostly remembered for his work on the production of mustard gas during World War I.\n\n", "Q709178": "Jen\u0151 Hubay, Jen\u0151 Hubay von Szalatna, Hungarian: szalatnai Hubay Jen\u0151 (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u025bn\u00f8\u02d0 \u02c8hub\u0252i]; 15 September 1858 \u2013 12 March 1937), also known by his German name Eugen Huber (pronounced [\u02c8\u0254\u028f\u0261e\u02d0n \u02c8hu\u02d0b\u0250]), was a Hungarian violinist, composer and music teacher.", "Q373423": "Robert Allan Caro (born October 30, 1935) is an American journalist and author known for his biographies of United States political figures Robert Moses and Lyndon B. Johnson.\nAfter working for many years as a reporter, Caro wrote The Power Broker (1974), a biography of New York urban planner Robert Moses, which was chosen by the Modern Library as one of the hundred greatest nonfiction books of the twentieth century. He has since written four of a planned five volumes of The Years of Lyndon Johnson (1982, 1990, 2002, 2012), a biography of the former president.For his biographies, he has won two Pulitzer Prizes in Biography, two National Book Awards (including one for Lifetime Achievement), the Francis Parkman Prize (awarded by the Society of American Historians to the book that \"best exemplifies the union of the historian and the artist\"), three National Book Critics Circle Awards, the Mencken Award for Best Book, the Carr P. Collins Award from the Texas Institute of Letters, the D.B. Hardeman Prize, and a Gold Medal in Biography from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 2010 President Barack Obama awarded Caro the National Humanities Medal.\nDue to Caro's reputation for exhaustive research and detail, he is sometimes invoked by reviewers of other writers who are called \"Caro-esque\" for their own extensive research.", "Q269309": "Talulah Jane Riley-Milburn (born 26 September 1985), known professionally as Talulah Riley, is an English actress. She has appeared in films such as Pride & Prejudice, St Trinian's, The Boat That Rocked, St Trinian's 2: The Legend of Fritton's Gold, and Inception. \nRiley currently portrays Angela on the HBO science-fiction Western television series Westworld.", "Q1273140": "Franklyn Farnum (born William Smith, also credited as Frank Farnum; June 5, 1878 \u2013 July 4, 1961) was an American character actor and Hollywood extra who appeared in at least 1,100 films. He was also cast in more films that won the Academy Award for Best Picture than any other performer in American film industry.", "Q206916": "Sophia Anna Bush (born July 8, 1982) is an American actress, activist, director and producer. She starred as Brooke Davis in The WB/CW drama series One Tree Hill (2003\u20132012). Bush also starred as Erin Lindsay in the NBC police procedural drama series Chicago P.D. (2014\u20132017). She has appeared in films such as John Tucker Must Die (2006),The Hitcher (2007), The Narrows (2008), Chalet Girl (2011), Marshall (2017), Acts of Violence (2018) and the Incredibles 2 (2018). \nBush is also known for her philanthropy and social activism, including her work for the Time's Up movement. She was also a spokesperson for DoSomething.org.", "Q990618": "Brookwood Cemetery, also known as the London Necropolis, is a burial ground in Brookwood, Surrey, England. It is the largest cemetery in the United Kingdom and one of the largest in Europe. The cemetery is listed a Grade I site in the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.", "Q105519": "Carl-A Fechner is a German journalist, film-maker and film producer, known for documentaries about Germany's Energiewende and sustainable energy more generally.", "Q1538118": "Gordon Joshua Wasserman, Baron Wasserman (born 26 July 1938) is a Canadian Conservative politician and member of the House of Lords who has been Government Adviser on Policing and Criminal Justice since 2011.", "Q460610": "Night of the Living Dorks (German: Die Nacht der lebenden Loser) is a 2004 German horror comedy film starring Tino Mewes, Manuel Cortez, Thomas Schmieder, and Collien Fernandes and written and directed by Mathias Dinter. It was released in the United States in 2007 by Anchor Bay Entertainment under the title \"Night of the Living Dorks\".", "Q327072": "Xandria is a German symphonic metal band, founded by Marco Heubaum in 1994.", "Q120969": "Yvonne Feri (born 21 March 1966) is a Swiss politician who has served as a member of the National Council since 2011. Born in Baden and raised in nearby Hedingen, Feri worked at the Swiss Farmers Union under an apprenticeship after graduating from school, and shortly after moved into politics. Her first elected political position was to the Grand Council of Aargau, and served in their council from 1998 to 2008. She also served as a member of the municipal council for Wettingen during that time, serving from 2001 to 2005.After her term on the Grand Council ended, Feri served as the Z\u00fcrich Teachers Association's chief executive. In 2011, she ran for a seat on the National Council, and placed fourth out of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP) candidates. Three were elected to the Council, so she was the first alternate should a seat open up. Less than two months after the election, Pascale Bruderer resigned as she had been elected to the Council of States, opening a seat up for Feri. A year later, she became President of SP Frauen Schweiz, the SP Women's Division. After being re-elected to the National Council in 2015, she ran for the Executive Committee of Aargau the following year, but lost the election.", "Q12935": "Jean Joseph \u00c9tienne Lenoir also known as Jean J. Lenoir (12 January 1822 \u2013 4 August 1900) was a Belgian engineer who developed the internal combustion engine in 1858. Prior designs for such engines were patented as early as 1807 (De Rivaz engine), but none were commercially successful. Lenoir's engine was commercialized in sufficient quantities to be considered a success, a first for the internal combustion engine.\nHe was born in Mussy-la-Ville (then in Luxembourg, part of the Belgian Province of Luxembourg since 1839). In 1838, he emigrated to France, taking up residence in Paris, where he developed an interest in electroplating. His interest in the subject led him to make several electrical inventions, including an improved electric telegraph.", "Q960299": "Gianfranco Chiarini (born 8 January 1966) is an Italian chef from Ferrara, Italy. Chiarini's culinary style is Italian nouvelle fusion cuisine. He was born in Ferrara, Italy and currently resides in his farm, located in city of Heeswijk-Dinther in the Netherlands.", "Q23530": "Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev (; Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432, IPA: [\u02c8dm\u02b2itr\u02b2\u026aj \u0250n\u0250\u02c8tol\u02b2j\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 m\u02b2\u026ad\u02c8v\u02b2ed\u02b2\u026af]; born 14 September 1965) is a Russian politician who is serving as Deputy Chairman of the Security Council of Russia, headed by Vladimir Putin. He served as prime minister of Russia between 2012 and 2020. From 2008 to 2012, Medvedev served as president of Russia. Medvedev resigned along with the rest of the government on 15 January 2020 to allow the Russian President to make sweeping constitutional changes; he was succeeded by Mikhail Mishustin on 16 January 2020. On the same day, Vladimir Putin appointed him deputy chairman of the Security Council.Regarded as more liberal than his predecessor and successor as president, Vladimir Putin (who was also prime minister during Medvedev's presidency), Medvedev's top agenda as president was a wide-ranging modernisation programme, aiming at modernising Russia's economy and society, and lessening the country's reliance on oil and gas. During Medvedev's tenure, the New START nuclear arms reduction treaty was signed by Russia and the United States, Russia emerged victorious in the Russo-Georgian War, and recovered from the Great Recession. Medvedev initiated a substantial law enforcement reform and launched an anti-corruption campaign, despite having been accused of corruption himself.", "Q437748": "Sabrina Starke (born August 9, 1979, Paramaribo, Suriname) is a Surinamese-Dutch singer/songwriter from Rotterdam, Netherlands. Her style is a mix of soul, folk, R&B and jazz.", "Q131864": "How the Grinch Stole Christmas (also known as Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas and simply The Grinch in the UK) is a 2000 American Christmas fantasy comedy film directed by Ron Howard and written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman. Based on Dr. Seuss's 1957 book of the same name, it was the first Dr. Seuss book to be adapted into a full-length feature film. The film is narrated by Anthony Hopkins and stars Jim Carrey in the title role along with Jeffrey Tambor, Christine Baranski, Bill Irwin and Molly Shannon in supporting roles, as well as introducing Taylor Momsen as Cindy Lou Who.\nBecause the film is based on a children's picture book, many additions were made to the storyline in order to bring it up to feature-length, including some information about the backstory of the title character and reworking the story's minor character Cindy Lou Who as a main character. Most of the rhymes that were used in the book were also used in the film, though some of the lines were to some degree changed and several new rhymes were put in. The film also borrowed some music and character elements that originated in the 1966 animated television special, such as the song \"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch\" and the Grinch's green skin tone.\nProduced by Howard and Brian Grazer's Imagine Entertainment, How the Grinch Stole Christmas! was released by Universal Pictures in the United States on November 17 and received mixed reviews from critics who criticized the screenplay, characters and innuendos but praised the musical score, Carrey\u2019s performance and production values. The film grossed over $345 million worldwide, becoming the sixth-highest grossing film of 2000 and was originally the second highest-grossing holiday film of all-time behind Home Alone (1990), until both films were surpassed in 2018 by the third film adaptation of the story. It won the Academy Award for Best Makeup as well as getting nominations for Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design.", "Q99906": "Anne Helm (born 1986) is a German voice actress from Berlin. She is best known as the voice of Babe in Babe and the German dub-over voice of Mallory Grace in The Spiderwick Chronicles. Her sister, Luise Helm, and her father, Gunnar Helm, are also voice actors.", "Q367456": "Sir Roland \"Roy\" Welensky, KCMG (n\u00e9 Raphael Welensky; 20 January 1907 \u2013 5 December 1991) was a Northern Rhodesian politician and the second and last Prime Minister of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.\nBorn in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe) to an Afrikaner mother and a Lithuanian Jewish father, he moved to Northern Rhodesia, became involved with the trade unions, and entered the colonial legislative council in 1938. There, he campaigned for the amalgamation of Northern and Southern Rhodesia (the latter under White self-government, the former under the colonial office). Although unsuccessful, he succeeded in the formation of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, a state within the British Empire that sought to retain predominant power for the White minority while moving in a progressive political direction, in contrast to South Africa under the apartheid system.\nBecoming Prime Minister of the Federation in 1957, Welensky opposed British moves towards Black majority rule, and used force to suppress politically motivated violence in the territories. After the advent of Black majority rule in two of the Federation's three territories (Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland, now Zambia and Malawi respectively), it collapsed in 1963. Welensky retired to Salisbury, where he re-entered politics and attempted to stop Rhodesia (formerly Southern Rhodesia) from unilaterally declaring itself independent. With the end of White minority rule in 1979, and the recognised independence of Rhodesia as the \"Republic of Zimbabwe\" under Robert Mugabe in 1980, Welensky emigrated to the United Kingdom, where he died in England in 1991. A fervent admirer of Britain and its Empire, Welensky described himself as \"half Jewish, half Afrikaner [and] 100% British\".", "Q1645605": "Thomas Miller was the bassist of Symphony X prior to the entrance of Andy DeLuca, and soon after, Michael Lepond. Miller left the band along with drummer Thomas Walling for their unwillingness to tour for the support of Symphony X's fourth studio album, Twilight in Olympus.\nMiller has been a composer of the Symphony X's studio albums The Damnation Game, The Divine Wings of Tragedy, and Twilight in Olympus. Miller wrote the lyrics to the songs \"Of Sins and Shadows,\" \"The Eyes of Medusa,\" \"Candlelight Fantasia,\" and part of \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" from the album The Divine Wings of Tragedy. He has also contributed to over forty other albums from outside projects, including the album Filled with Your Glory by Calling Levi.", "Q845743": "The Democratic Party of Albania (Albanian: Partia Demokratike e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, PD or PDSh) is a conservative political party in Albania. They became the leading party in the governing coalition following the 2005 parliamentary elections. It is an associate member of the European People's Party (EPP) and a full member of the International Democrat Union and Centrist Democrat International. Rilindja Demokratike is the party's official newspaper. Its youth organisation, FRPD, is one of the founders of the Youth of the European People's Party (YEPP), in which they are also full active members. \nThe party's current leader since 2013 is Lulzim Basha.", "Q428668": "Jury Duty is a 1995 American comedy film directed by John Fortenberry, written by Neil Tolkin, Barbara Williams, and Samantha Adams, and starring Pauly Shore, Tia Carrere, Stanley Tucci, Brian Doyle-Murray, Shelley Winters, and Abe Vigoda.The film was actress Billie Bird's last screen appearance. Reviews were negative, and the film was a box office bomb.", "Q8686": "Shanghai (Chinese: \u4e0a\u6d77, Shanghainese pronunciation: [z\u0251\u0303.h\u025b] (listen), Standard Mandarin pronunciation: [\u0282\u00e2\u014b.x\u00e0i] (listen)) is one of the four municipalities of the People's Republic of China. It is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze, with the Huangpu River flowing through it. With a population of 24.28 million as of 2019, it is the most populous urban area in China and the second most populous city proper in the world. Shanghai is a global center for finance, innovation and transportation and the Port of Shanghai is the world's busiest container port.\nOriginally a fishing village and market town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to trade and its favorable port location. The city was one of five treaty ports forced open to foreign trade after the First Opium War. The Shanghai International Settlement and the French Concession were subsequently established. The city then flourished, becoming a primary commercial and financial hub of the Asia-Pacific region in the 1930s. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the city was the site of the major Battle of Shanghai. After the war, with the CPC takeover of mainland China in 1949, trade was limited to other socialist countries, and the city's global influence declined.\nIn the 1990s, economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense redevelopment of the city, especially the Pudong district, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city. The city has since re-emerged as a hub for international trade and finance; it is the home of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, one of the largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization and the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone, the first free-trade zone in China.\nShanghai has been described as the \"showpiece\" of the booming economy of China. Featuring several architecture styles such as Art Deco and shikumen, the city is renowned for its Lujiazui skyline, museums and historic buildings\u2014including the City God Temple, Yu Garden, the China Pavilion and buildings along the Bund. Shanghai is also known for its sugary cuisine, distinctive dialect and vibrant international flair. Every year, the city hosts numerous national and international events, including Shanghai Fashion Week, the Chinese Grand Prix and ChinaJoy.", "Q611723": "Ryerson University (Ryerson or RyeU) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Its urban campus surrounds the Yonge\u2013Dundas Square, located at one of the busiest intersections in downtown Toronto.\nThe majority of its buildings are in the blocks northeast of the Yonge\u2013Dundas Square in Toronto's Garden District. Ryerson's business school, Ted Rogers School of Management, is on the southwest end of the Yonge\u2013Dundas Square, located on Bay Street, slightly north of Toronto's Financial District and is attached to the Toronto Eaton Centre. The university has expanded substantially in recent years with new buildings such as the Mattamy Athletic Centre, in the historical Maple Leaf Gardens arena, former home of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The university's administration services are also housed in 1 Dundas and 495 Yonge Street. The university is composed of 44,400 undergraduate students, 2,950 graduate students, and 12,000 continuing-education students. Ryerson is ranked 4th in Ontario and 10th in Canada by student enrollment.Ryerson University is home to Canada's largest undergraduate business school, the Ted Rogers School of Management, and Canada's third largest undergraduate engineering school, the Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science, as well as the Faculty of Arts, Faculty of Communication & Design, Faculty of Community Services, and the Faculty of Science.\nIn 2017, the university was approved by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada to begin working towards establishing a social justice and innovation focused law school. The school will mark the third law school in Toronto after York's Osgoode program and University of Toronto's Law degree.\nIn addition to offering full-time and part-time undergraduate and graduate programs leading to Bachelor's, Master's and Doctoral degrees, the university also offers part-time degrees, distance education, and certificates through the G. Raymond Chang School of Continuing Education.", "Q97095": "Theodor Georg Knorr (October 19, 1859 in Ruda bei Neumark, West Prussia \u2013 April 15, 1911 in Davos, Switzerland), was an engineer and entrepreneur on the field of railroad technology and founder of the company Knorr-Bremse. He is particularly remembered for his role in the development of the compressed air brake.", "Q1190263": "Kristoffer Joner (born 19 September 1972) is a Norwegian actor. He is best known for his roles in Villmark and The Man Who Loved Yngve. He was a part of Rogaland Teater when he was 14 years of age until his early 20s. He was one of the founders of Cementen pub located in Stavanger, Norway.\nIn 1996 he got the role as St\u00e5le Pettersen in an original NRK-series Offshore, a role he kept until the shows cancelling in 2000. The same year he got his first movie role in a P\u00e5l Jackman movie by the name of Detektor, where he played the role of a satanist.\nIn 2005 Joner received Amanda Award for best male actor in the movie Naboer and again in 2012 for his role in The Orheim Company.\nAdditionally, he is the nephew of musician Sverre Joner, and cousin of singer Alexandra Joner.", "Q3935800": "Richard Francis \"Rikk\" Agnew, Jr. (born December 9, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and visual artist.\nAgnew's music career spans more than 30 years. He has previously been a member of some of the most influential bands of the Orange County hardcore punk genre, as well as the highly influential deathrock band Christian Death. During his years with the Adolescents, Agnew became known as one of the best guitarists in the Southern California hardcore punk scene.Agnew has also pursued a solo career and released his debut album, All by Myself, in 1982. He later released Emotional Vomit in 1990 and Turtle in 1992.", "Q118548": "Berndt R\u00f6der (born 3 December 1948 in L\u00fcnen, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union.\nR\u00f6der was born on 3 December 1948 in L\u00fcnen and married with three children. He studied law at the University of Hamburg.R\u00f6der entered the German Christian Democratic Union in 1968. He has been a member of the state parliament since 2001. From March 2004 until February 2010 Roeder was President of the Hamburg Parliament. In 2004 R\u00f6der was criticized by the media and the Hamburg police union, because he checked how long it took the police to arrive in response to emergency calls. He is believed to have pressed a panic button. In Germany the abuse of an emergency call is actionable, R\u00f6der paid a fine of \u20ac2,500.In 2010, R\u00f6der resigned from the position of President of the Hamburg Parliament because of the so-called Glaze ice affair in Hamburg. R\u00f6der made calls to the privy councils of the state ministry of environment, and state ministry of interior, and to the municipal councillor of Hamburg-Nord borough, R\u00f6der complained about the city's negligence not clearing the street\u2014where he resided\u2014of glaze ice. Hamburg's winter services were barely able to clean the main streets and roads. R\u00f6der was alleged to have used his political position to further his interests.\n\n", "Q321365": "Otar Iosseliani (Georgian: \u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, born 2 February 1934) is a Georgian-film maker. He was born in the Georgian capital city of Tbilisi, where he studied at the Tbilisi State Conservatoire and graduated in 1952 with a diploma in composition, conducting and piano.", "Q65203": "Uezwil is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q4043197": "Universal Music Group Nashville is Universal Music Group's country music subsidiary. Some of the labels in this group include MCA Nashville Records, Mercury Nashville Records, Lost Highway Records, Capitol Records Nashville and EMI Records Nashville. UMG Nashville not only handles these imprints, but also manages the country music catalogues of record labels Universal Music and predecessor companies acquired over the years including ABC Records, Decca Records, Dot Records, DreamWorks Records, Kapp Records, MGM Records and Polydor Records.", "Q522437": "Magdalena Matte Lecaros (born August 13, 1950) is a Chilean businesswoman and politician. She is member of the Independent Democratic Union (UDI) and was part of Chile's Ministry of Housing and Urban Development under Chile's current President Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era for the term of 2010-2014. She is a member of the Matte family.", "Q9598": "Daoism (, ), or Taoism (), is a philosophical or religious tradition of Chinese origin which emphasises living in harmony with the Dao (Chinese: \u9053; pinyin: D\u00e0o; literally: 'the Way', also romanised as Tao). The Dao is a fundamental idea in most Chinese philosophical schools; in Daoism, however, it denotes the principle that is the source, pattern and substance of everything that exists. Daoism differs from Confucianism by not emphasising rigid rituals and social order, but is similar in the sense that it is a teaching about the various disciplines for achieving \"perfection\" by becoming one with the unplanned rhythms of the universe called \"the way\" or \"dao\". Daoist ethics vary depending on the particular school, but in general tend to emphasise wu wei (action without intention), \"naturalness\", simplicity, spontaneity, and the Three Treasures: \u6148 \"compassion\", \u5109 \"frugality\", and \u4e0d\u6562\u70ba\u5929\u4e0b\u5148 \"humility\".\nThe roots of Daoism go back at least to the 4th century BCE. Early Daoism drew its cosmological notions from the School of Yinyang (Naturalists), and was deeply influenced by one of the oldest texts of Chinese culture, the I Ching (Yi Jing), which expounds a philosophical system about how to keep human behaviour in accordance with the alternating cycles of nature. The \"Legalist\" Shen Buhai (c. 400 \u2013 c. 337 BCE) may also have been a major influence, expounding a realpolitik of wu wei. The Dao De Jing, a compact book containing teachings attributed to Laozi (\u8001\u5b50; L\u01ceoz\u01d0; Lao\u00b3 Tz\u016d\u00b3), is widely considered the keystone work of the Daoist tradition, together with the later writings of Zhuangzi.\nDaoism has had a profound influence on Chinese culture in the course of the centuries, and Daoists (\u9053\u58eb; d\u00e0oshi, \"masters of the Dao\"), a title traditionally attributed only to the clergy and not to their lay followers, usually take care to note distinction between their ritual tradition and the practices of Chinese folk religion and non-Taoist vernacular ritual orders, which are often mistakenly identified as pertaining to Daoism. Chinese alchemy (especially neidan), Chinese astrology, Chan (Zen) Buddhism, several martial arts, traditional Chinese medicine, feng shui, and many styles of qigong have been intertwined with Daoism throughout history. Beyond China, Taoism also had influence on surrounding societies in Asia.\nToday, the Daoist tradition is one of the five religious doctrines officially recognised in the People's Republic of China (PRC) as well as the Republic of China (ROC), and although it does not travel readily from its East Asian roots, it claims adherents in a number of societies, in particular in Hong Kong, Macau, and in Southeast Asia.", "Q13395": "Viterbo (pronounced [vi\u02c8t\u025brbo] (listen); Viterbese: Veterbe; Medieval Latin: Viterbium) is an ancient city and comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo.\nIt conquered and absorbed the neighboring town of Ferento (see Ferentium) in its early history. It is approximately 80 kilometres (50 miles) north of GRA (Rome) on the Via Cassia, and it is surrounded by the Monti Cimini and Monti Volsini. The historic center of the city is surrounded by medieval walls, still intact, built during the 11th and 12th centuries. Entrance to the walled center of the city is through ancient gates.\nApart from agriculture, the main resources of Viterbo's area are pottery, marble, and wood. The town is home to the Italian gold reserves, an important Academy of Fine Arts, the University of Tuscia, and the Italian Army's Aviation Command headquarters and training centre. It is located in a wide thermal area, attracting many tourists from the whole of central Italy.", "Q621838": "Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume (7 October 1798 \u2013 19 March 1875) was a French luthier, businessman, inventor and winner of many awards. His workshop made over 3,000 instruments.\n\n", "Q154756": "Italo Calvino (, also US: , Italian: [\u02c8i\u02d0talo kal\u02c8vi\u02d0no]; 15 October 1923 \u2013 19 September 1985) was an Italian journalist and writer of short stories and novels. His best known works include the Our Ancestors trilogy (1952\u20131959), the Cosmicomics collection of short stories (1965), and the novels Invisible Cities (1972) and If on a winter's night a traveler (1979).\nAdmired in Britain, Australia and the United States, he was the most translated contemporary Italian writer at the time of his death.", "Q673818": "Rem Ivanovich Viakhirev (Russian: \u0420\u0435\u043c \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u044f\u0301\u0445\u0438\u0440\u0435\u0432, IPA: [\u02c8r\u02b2\u025bm \u026a\u02c8van\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8v\u02b2\u00e6x\u02b2\u026ar\u02b2\u026af]; 23 August 1934 \u2013 11 February 2013) was a Russian businessman. From 1992 until May 2001 he was chairman of Gazprom. In May 2001, Viakhirev had to resign as chairman during Putin's consolidation of economic power. His successor is Alexey Miller.", "Q238146": "Hunter Tylo (born Deborah Jo Hunter, July 3, 1962) is an American actress, author and former model. She is best known for her role as Taylor Hayes (1990\u20132002, 2004, 2005\u201313, 2014, 2018\u201319) on The Bold and the Beautiful.", "Q1647774": "Nicholas John Albert Fairfax, 14th Lord Fairfax of Cameron (born 4 January 1956) is a Scottish nobleman, peer, and politician. He is the current (as of 2015) holder of the title of Lord Fairfax of Cameron, succeeding his father, Thomas Fairfax, 13th Lord Fairfax of Cameron.", "Q85491": "Heinrich Conried (September 3, 1855 \u2013 April 27, 1909) was a theatrical manager and director of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.", "Q69439": "Anna Amalia von Helvig (August 16, 1776 \u2013 September 17, 1831) was a German and Swedish artist, writer, translator, socialite, Salonist and culture personality. She is known as an inspiration for many artists. She was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts.", "Q1035807": "Kenichi Maeyamada (\u524d\u5c71\u7530 \u5065\u4e00, Maeyamada Ken'ichi, born July 4, 1980), also known as Hyadain (\u30d2\u30e3\u30c0\u30a4\u30f3), is a Japanese composer, lyricist, and musician. His primary work is composing anime theme songs and for J-pop musicians. He contracts through Supalove, a Japanese record label. He has released a number of anime and video game music remixes, as well as original songs. These remixes have received over 20 million hits on YouTube and Nico Nico Douga.", "Q153039": "The Call of the Wild is a 1972 family adventure film directed by Ken Annakin and starring Charlton Heston, Mich\u00e8le Mercier, Raimund Harmstorf, George Eastman, and Maria Rohm.\nBased on Jack London's 1903 novel The Call of the Wild, the film follows the adventures of a dog that is brought north to Canada to be used as a sled dog.", "Q4758920": "Andrew Wilkinson (1697\u20131784), of Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, was a British estate manager and Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons for 35 years between 1735 and 1772. \nWilkinson was the son of Charles Wilkinson of Boroughbridge and his wife Deborah Cholmley, daughter of Richard Cholmley of Bramham, Yorkshire.He was admitted at Clare College, Cambridge on 2 July 1715 and at the Middle Temple on 8 July 1719. He married Barbara Jessop, daughter of William Jessop of Broom Hall near Sheffield on 2 September 1723.Wilkinson's father was the Yorkshire estate agent of successive Dukes of Newcastle, and from 1718 was the receiver-general of the land tax for Yorkshire, Northumberland and Durham until he resigned in 1727. Wilkinson then became receiver of the land tax for West Rising. Shortly afterwards it was discovered that Wilkinson's father was in debt to the Government for over \u00a330,000 and consequently spent the rest of his life as a crown debtor in Newgate prison. Wilkinson's own position as receiver was in jeopardy until his father-in-law Jessop offered to stand surety for him.Wilkinson was invited to stand for parliament at Boroughbridge at the 1734 British general election, but the Duke of Newcastle advised him to wait until Aldborough became available. When his father-in-law WIlliam Jessop died in 1735, Wilkinson gave up his post as receiver and was returned as Member of Parliament for Aldborough at a by-election on 19 February 1735. He was returned unopposed as MP for Aldborough at the 1741 British general election and was awarded the post of Clerk of Deliveries in the Ordnance in May 1741. In 1746 he was promoted to Storekeeper of the Ordnance and was re-elected to parliament on the consequential parliament on 23 April 1746. He was returned unopposed again at the 1747 British general election.Wilkinson continued to act as Newcastle's estate agent and electoral manager for Yorkshire and was returned unopposed again for Aldborough in 1754 and 1761. However, he voted against the Government on the peace preliminaries in December 1762 and as a result was dismissed from his post at the Ordnance. He was restored to the post in September 1765, but had to give up his parliamentary seat and was unable to recontest it because it was required for Viscount Villiers. Wilkinson applied to the Duke of Newcastle to be returned to Parliament again and was returned for Aldborough at the 1768 British general election. He was absent for many votes and resigned his seat in May 1772 by applying for the post of Steward of the Manor of East Hendred.Wilkinson died on 29 March 1784, leaving seven sons. Broom Hall was left to his eldest son, Rev. James Wilkinson. His third son, also named Andrew, became a captain in the Royal Navy.", "Q67414": "Courgenay is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q186610": "A time loop or temporal loop in fiction is a plot device whereby characters re-experience a span of time which is repeated, sometimes more than once, with some hope of breaking out of the cycle of repetition. The term \"time loop\" is sometimes used to refer to a causal loop; however, causal loops are unchanging and self-originating, whereas time loops are constantly resetting: when a certain condition is met, such as a death of a character or a clock reaches a certain time, the loop starts again, with one or more characters retaining the memories from the previous loop.An early example of a time loop is used in the short story \"Doubled and Redoubled\" by Malcolm Jameson that appeared in the February 1941 Unknown. The story tells of a person accidentally cursed to repeat a \"perfect\" day, including a lucky bet, a promotion, a heroically foiled bank robbery, and a successful wedding proposal. Other early examples include Yasutaka Tsutsui's 1965 Japanese novel The Girl Who Leapt Through Time (later adapted into a 1972 TV series, 1983 film, and 2006 anime film), the 1973 short story 12:01 PM and its 1990 film, the Soviet film Mirror for a Hero (1988), and the film Groundhog Day (1993). The time loop is considered a familiar Japanese anime trope, since its use in the 1980s anime works Urusei Yatsura 2: Beautiful Dreamer (1984) and Kimagure Orange Road (1987).", "Q210812": "The Expendables 2 is a 2012 American action film directed by Simon West, written by Richard Wenk and Sylvester Stallone and based on a story by Ken Kaufman, David Agosto and Wenk. Brian Tyler returned to score the film. It is the sequel to the 2010 action film The Expendables, and stars Sylvester Stallone, Jason Statham, Jet Li, Dolph Lundgren, Chuck Norris, Terry Crews, Randy Couture, Liam Hemsworth, Jean-Claude Van Damme, Bruce Willis, and Arnold Schwarzenegger. The story follows the mercenary group known as \"the Expendables\" as they undertake a seemingly simple mission which evolves into a quest for revenge against rival mercenary Jean Vilain, who murdered one of their own and threatens the world with a deadly weapon. It is the second installment in The Expendables film series.\nPrincipal photography took place over 14 weeks (beginning in September 2011) on an estimated $100 million budget. Film locations included Bulgaria, Hong Kong and New Orleans. Controversy arose over the accidental death of a stuntman and environmental damage caused during filming in Bulgaria.\nThe film was released in Europe on August 16, 2012, and in North America the following day. The Expendables 2 grossed over $310 million worldwide, with its greatest success outside North America. Critics generally considered the film an improvement over its predecessor (citing an increased use of humor and action scenes), but its plot and dialogue received negative reviews. A tie-in downloadable video game was released on July 31, 2012, as a prequel to the events of the film. A sequel, The Expendables 3, was released on August 15, 2014.", "Q4344126": "Anna Mikhailovna Pankratova (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430, 4 February 1897 \u2013 25 May 1957) was a leading Soviet historian, educator and member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. A widely published author, she was editor in chief of the influential Russian historical journal Voprosy Istorii and headed the National Committee of USSR Historians. A member of the Soviet Communist Party, she became an elected member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.", "Q728808": "Eugene Richards (born 1944, Dorchester, Massachusetts) is an American documentary photographer. Richards has published many volumes of photography and been a member of Magnum Photos and of VII Photo Agency.", "Q104161": "Harry Morris Warner (born Hirsz Moj\u017cesz Wonsal; December 12, 1881 \u2013 July 25, 1958) was an American studio executive, one of the founders of Warner Bros., and a major contributor to the development of the film industry. Along with his three younger brothers (Albert, Sam and Jack) Warner played a crucial role in the film business and played a key role in establishing Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc, serving as the company president until 1956.", "Q122818": "Eug\u00e8ne-Fran\u00e7ois Vidocq (French: [vid\u0254k]; July 24, 1775 \u2013 May 11, 1857) was a French criminal turned criminalist whose life story inspired several writers, including Victor Hugo, Edgar Allan Poe, and Honor\u00e9 de Balzac. The former criminal became the founder and first director of the crime-detection S\u00fbret\u00e9 nationale as well as the head of the first known private detective agency. Vidocq is considered to be the father of modern criminology and of the French police department. He is also regarded as the first private detective.", "Q172578": "Larry \"Crash\" Crockett (October 23, 1926 in Cambridge City, Indiana \u2013 March 20, 1955 in Langhorne, Pennsylvania) was an American racecar driver. Crockett made 10 Championship Car starts all in the 1954 season with a best finish of 4th in the Pikes Peak International Hillclimb which counted for National Championship points at the time and finished in 11th in the 1954 points championship. Nicknamed \"Crash\" because of frequent racing mishaps, Crockett qualified for his first Indianapolis 500 in 1954. He finished ninth and earned Rookie-of-the-Year honors. He was killed in a racing accident at Langhorne Speedway the following spring.", "Q103381": "Nicolaus Sombart (10 May 1923 \u2013 4 July 2008) was a German cultural sociologist, historian and writer.\nThe son of Werner Sombart and his Romanian wife Corina Leon, Sombart was known, in particular, as an analyst of Wilhelmine Germany and a critique of Carl Schmitt. For nearly 30 years, Sombart benefited from an appointment as senior cultural civil servant attached to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, while also continuing his career as a writer and academic, principally in Berlin at the Freie Universit\u00e4t.", "Q180936": "Saint Gall, or Gallus (c. 550 \u2013 c. 646, German: Sankt Gallus) according to hagiographic tradition was a disciple and one of the traditional twelve companions of Saint Columbanus on his mission from Ireland to the continent. Saint Deicolus was the elder brother of Gall.", "Q603870": "Nicolas Sch\u00f6ffer (Hungarian: Sch\u00f6ffer Mikl\u00f3s; 6 September 1912 \u2014 8 January 1992) was a Hungarian-born French cybernetic artist. \nSch\u00f6ffer was born in Kalocsa, Hungary and resided in Paris from 1936 until his death in Montmartre in 1992. He built his artworks on cybernetic theories of feedback interactivity primarily based on the ideas of Norbert Wiener. Wiener's work suggested to Sch\u00f6ffer an artistic process in terms of the circular causality of feedback loops. \nSch\u00f6ffer's kinetic art sculpture \"CYSP 1\" from 1956, that made use of electronic computations developed by the Philips Company, is considered the first cybernetic sculpture in art history. The sculpture is set on a base mounted on four rollers, which contains the mechanism and the electronic brain. The plates are operated by small motors located under their axis. Photo-electric cells and a microphone built into the sculpture catch all the variations in the fields of color, light intensity and sound intensity. All these changes occasion reactions on the part of the responsive sculpture.", "Q501761": "Lexington is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 7,042. It is the county seat of Rockbridge County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Lexington (along with nearby Buena Vista) with Rockbridge County for statistical purposes. Lexington is about 57 miles (92 km) east of the West Virginia border and is about 50 miles (80 km) north of Roanoke, Virginia. It was first settled in 1778.\nLexington is the location of the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) and of Washington and Lee University (W&L).", "Q2395368": "Carlos Hank Gonz\u00e1lez (1927\u20132001), nicknamed El Profesor (\"The Professor\"), was a Mexican politician and influential businessman. Originally a teacher, he was an entrepreneur who built political contacts along with a business empire, leading to various government and political positions at the state (State of Mexico) and national level. He was prevented from seeking the presidency due to laws requiring both parents to be Mexicans by birth; his father was German. He became a main powerbroker of then ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and was regarded as \"the most powerful fixture in Mexican politics for 30 years because his influence extended beyond the length of any one presidential term.\"", "Q10313": "San Sebasti\u00e1n (Spanish: [san se\u03b2as\u02c8tjan]) or Donostia (Basque: [do\u02c8nos\u033atia]) is a coastal city and municipality located in the Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. It lies on the coast of the Bay of Biscay, 20 km (12 miles) from the French border. The capital city of Gipuzkoa, the municipality's population is 186,095 as of 2015, with its metropolitan area reaching 436,500 in 2010. Locals call themselves donostiarra (singular), both in Spanish and Basque.\nThe main economic activities are commerce and tourism, and it is one of the most famous tourist destinations in Spain. Despite the city's small size, events such as the San Sebasti\u00e1n International Film Festival have given it an international dimension. San Sebasti\u00e1n, along with Wroc\u0142aw, Poland, was the European Capital of Culture in 2016.", "Q1100499": "Cleopatra is a 1999 miniseries adaptation of Margaret George's 1997 historical fiction novel The Memoirs of Cleopatra. Produced by Hallmark Entertainment, it stars Leonor Varela as the Egyptian queen Cleopatra, Timothy Dalton as Julius Caesar, Billy Zane as Mark Antony, Rupert Graves as Octavius, Sean Pertwee as Brutus and Bruce Payne as Cassius. Cleopatra was shown first on the ABC television network in two parts on two consecutive evenings in May 1999 and then released on videotape and DVD. Judy Farr, Martin Hitchcock and Frank Walsh were nominated for an Emmy in 1999 for outstanding art direction for a miniseries or a movie for their work on Cleopatra.", "Q49266": "Wichita ( WITCH-i-taw) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Kansas and the county seat of Sedgwick County. As of 2018, the estimated population of the city was 389,255. Wichita is the principal city of the Wichita metropolitan area which had an estimated population of 644,888 in 2018.Located in south-central Kansas on the Arkansas River, Wichita began as a trading post on the Chisholm Trail in the 1860s and was incorporated as a city in 1870. It became a destination for cattle drives traveling north from Texas to Kansas railroads, earning it the nickname \"Cowtown.\"In the 1920s and 1930s, businessmen and aeronautical engineers established aircraft manufacturing companies in Wichita, including Beechcraft, Cessna, and Stearman Aircraft. The city became an aircraft production hub known as \"The Air Capital of the World.\" Textron Aviation, Learjet, Airbus, and Spirit AeroSystems continue to operate design and manufacturing facilities in Wichita, and the city remains a major center of the American aircraft industry. Wichita is also home to McConnell Air Force Base, and Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport, the largest airport in Kansas.\nAs an industrial hub, Wichita is a regional center of culture, media, and trade. It hosts several universities, large museums, theaters, parks, and entertainment venues, notably Intrust Bank Arena and Century II Performing Arts & Convention Center. The city's Old Cowtown Museum maintains historical artifacts and exhibits on the city's early history. Wichita State University is the third-largest post-secondary institution in the state.", "Q173666": "Gene Force (June 15, 1916 \u2013 August 21, 1983) was an American racecar driver.\nBorn in New Madison, Ohio, Force died in Brooklyn, Michigan as a result a heart attack at Michigan International Speedway. He drove in the AAA and USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1951\u20131952, 1954, 1956, and 1958-1960 seasons with 33 starts, including the 1951 and 1960 Indianapolis 500 races. He finished in the top ten 16 times, with his best career finish in 3rd place occurring on 3 occasions.\nThe \"McKay Special\" #37 car that Force drove in the 1960 Indianapolis 500 was a 1959 Kurtis Kraft 500J, owned and entered by Roy McKay of Dayton, Ohio. Charlie Altfater was the mechanic. The car has survived in largely original condition and is now restored to appear as it did in the 1960 race, and can occasionally be seen participating in vintage races, as it did at the 2008 Monterey historics.\n\n", "Q207639": "Chichester () is a cathedral city in West Sussex, in South-East England. It is the only city in West Sussex and is its county town. It has a long history as a settlement from Roman times and was important in Anglo-Saxon times. It is the seat of the Church of England Diocese of Chichester, with a 12th-century cathedral.\nThe city is a hub of several main road routes, and has a railway station, theatre, hospital, schools and museums. The River Lavant runs through, and partly beneath, the city.", "Q26879": "Melville Louis Kossuth \"Melvil\" Dewey (December 10, 1851 \u2013 December 26, 1931) was an American librarian and educator, inventor of the Dewey Decimal system of library classification, and a founder of the Lake Placid Club.", "Q3127887": "Harry Payne Whitney (April 29, 1872 \u2013 October 26, 1930) was an American businessman, thoroughbred horse breeder, and member of the prominent Whitney family.", "Q300624": "A Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica is a two-part documentary about the process of making the Metallica album (or \"The Black Album\"), and the following tour. It was produced by Juliana Roberts and directed by Adam Dubin.\nA Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica was released as a double VHS pack. Both parts are available on a single DVD, but only in region 1.", "Q346671": "Rick Douglas Husband (July 12, 1957 \u2013 February 1, 2003) (Colonel, USAF) was an American astronaut and fighter pilot. He traveled into space twice: as Pilot of STS-96 and Commander of STS-107. He and the rest of the crew of STS-107 were killed when Columbia disintegrated during reentry into the Earth's atmosphere. Husband is a recipient of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.", "Q86417": "Kerstin Gier (born 1966) is a German author of novels for adults and young adults. Her popular young adult novel Rubinrot (Ruby Red) and its two sequels - a series about time travel - as well as her Silber trilogy were translated into English by Anthea Bell.", "Q317358": "Michael Imperioli (Italian: [impe\u02c8rj\u0254\u02d0li]; born March 26, 1966) is an American actor, writer and director best known for his role as Christopher Moltisanti on The Sopranos, for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2004. He also appeared in the TV drama series Law & Order as NYPD Detective Nick Falco. Imperioli spent the 2008-2009 television season as Detective Ray Carling in the US version of Life on Mars. He was starring as Detective Louis Fitch in the ABC police drama Detroit 1-8-7 until its cancellation. He wrote and directed his first feature film, The Hungry Ghosts, in 2008. In 2015, he starred in Mad Dogs, a dark-comic thriller television series available for viewing on Amazon's Amazon Prime subscription service in the U.S and on Shomi in Canada.", "Q74859": "Karl Peglau (18 May 1927 \u2013 29 November 2009) was a German traffic psychologist who invented the iconic Ampelm\u00e4nnchen traffic symbols used in the former East Germany in 1961. The Ampelm\u00e4nnchen depicts a symbolic person on the red and green pedestrian traffic lights.Peglau wanted to create a traffic light that would be both appealing to children, yet easily accessible and understandable for elderly Germans. He deliberately designed the human figures, known as the Ampelm\u00e4nnchen, to be both creative and \"cute\".The Ampelm\u00e4nnchen, which is widely beloved in the former German Democratic Republic, is one of the symbols which still \"enjoy the privileged status of being one of the few features of East Germany to have survived the end of the Iron Curtain with his popularity unscathed.\" Fans of Peglau's have used it to symbolize the so-called Ostalgie, or revival of East German aesthetic as trendy and chic.In 1997, the German government attempted to replace the Ampelm\u00e4nnchen used in the former East Germany with the slighter, more generic version used in the former West Germany. A campaign, called Save the Ampelm\u00e4nnchen, was launched by supporters, which successfully preserved Peglau's Ampelm\u00e4nnchen in the East.", "Q308278": "Jean-Henri-Abdolonyme Ubicini (20 October 1818 \u2013 28 October 1884) was a French historian, journalist and honorary member of the Romanian Academy.\nHe was born in Issoudun, Indre in a middle-class family originating in Lombardy. After studying in his native town as well as in Versailles, in 1839 he became a rhetoric teacher at Joigny. Beginning with 1844, he took extensive journeys through Italy, Greece and the Ottoman Empire. While in Bucharest, he took part in the Wallachian Revolution of 1848, becoming secretary of the provisional government and of the Princely Lieutenancy. When the combined Russian and Ottoman forces suppressed the revolution, he left Wallachia for Constantinople, where he spent some time before returning to France.\nSettling at Paris, he published several studies on the Ottoman Empire and the Danubian Principalities, among the more important being Lettres sur la Turquie (\"Letters on Turkey\"). He founded the journal Revue de l'Orient and contributed to several other journals, such as Le Si\u00e8cle, La Presse and Courier de Paris. In his writings, Ubicini usually adopted a pro-Romanian point of view.\nIn 1867 he received Romanian citizenship.", "Q939105": "Peter Joseph Yorn (born July 27, 1974) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician. He first gained international recognition after his debut record, Musicforthemorningafter, was released to critical and commercial acclaim in 2001. He is known for playing the bulk of the instruments on his records.\nReleased on August 9, 2019, Caretakers is Yorn's seventh solo full length studio album. It was produced by Pete Yorn and Jackson Phillips of Day Wave and released on Yorn's own Shelly Music. Veteran music critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave \u201cCaretakers\u201d 4 stars in his All Music Guide review, calling it \u201c...an appealing blend that sets it apart from most other albums in 2019\u201d.", "Q111785": "Dirk-Ulrich Mende (born 26 Dec 1957 in M\u00fcnster) is a German SPD politician and was the Lord Mayor (Oberb\u00fcrgermeister) of the town of Celle in North Germany.\nMende studied law in Marburg and G\u00f6ttingen and passed his state legal exams in 1987. Thereafter he was employed as the president of the regional council in Kassel, at the former Federal Office for the Recognition of Refugees (now the Federal Ministry of Migration (Bundesamt f\u00fcr Migration), at the Hesse State Welfare Agency (Landeswohlfahrtsverband Hessen) in Kassel, at the Schleswig-Holstein State Insurance Institution (Landesversicherungsanstalt Schleswig-Holstein) and at the Lower Saxon Ministry for Social Welfare, Women, Families and Health (Nieders\u00e4chsisches Ministerium f\u00fcr Soziales, Frauen, Familie und Gesundheit). From 1999 to 2003 Mende was the leader of the SPD party in the Lower Saxon Landtag. From 2003 to 2008 Mende was the divisional head (Referatsleiter) of the Lower Saxon Ministry for Home Affairs, Sport and Integration. There he worked for five years in the area of administrative modernisation and then in the field of integration. Since 22 February 2009 Mende has been the Lord Mayor (Oberb\u00fcrgermeister) of the town of Celle in Lower Saxony, having won at the first vote with a clear and \"surprising\" majority of 50.8%. He has been elected for a term of office lasting to 2017.Mende lost the 2016 elections against his CDU opponent J\u00f6rg Nigge. Therefore, his regular period in office ended in February 2017.\nSince 1975 Mende has been a member of the SPD and since 1972 an honorary member of the Worker's Welfare Association (Arbeiterwohlfahrt).\nMende is married with three children.", "Q311729": "Timothy Garton Ash CMG FRSA (born 12 July 1955) is a British historian, author and commentator. He is Professor of European Studies at Oxford University. Much of his work has been concerned with the late modern and contemporary history of Central and Eastern Europe.\nHe has written about the former Communist regimes of that region, their experience with the secret police, the Revolutions of 1989 and the transformation of the former Eastern Bloc states into member states of the European Union. He has examined the role of Europe and the challenge of combining freedom and diversity, especially in relation to free speech.", "Q3268696": "The Lyc\u00e9e Georges Clemenceau, French pronunciation: \u200b[lise \u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 klem\u0251\u0303so], usually called Lyc\u00e9e Clemenceau is a public secondary school located in Nantes, France, formerly known as the Lyc\u00e9e of Nantes. Inaugurated in 1808, it is the oldest secondary school of the town of Nantes and in the department of Loire-Atlantique.\nIt is located next to a botanic garden (Jardin des plantes). Train and tram stations offer an easy access to the school for students.\nFurthermore there is a lovely chapel inside. Tests often take place there.\nIt offers both a sixth-form college curriculum (as a lyc\u00e9e), and a post-secondary-level curriculum (classes pr\u00e9paratoires).\nThe Emperor Napoleon visited the Lyc\u00e9e on 9 August 1808. The school was rebuilt from 1886 to 1892 to a design by the architects Antoine Demoget and L\u00e9on Lenoir. Many famous people studied in Clemenceau, like the writer Jules Verne and the politician Georges Clemenceau who give his name to the school.", "Q862115": "William Howard \"Bill\" Frindall, (3 March 1939 \u2013 29 January 2009) was an English cricket scorer and statistician. He was familiar to cricket followers as a member of the Test Match Special commentary team on BBC radio. Nicknamed the Bearded Wonder (shortened to Bearders) by Brian Johnston for his ability to research the most obscure cricketing facts in moments, while continuing to keep perfect scorecards and because he had a beard. Angus Fraser described Frindall as \"the doyen of cricket scorers\" in his obituary in The Independent.", "Q185696": "Louisa May Alcott (; November 29, 1832 \u2013 March 6, 1888) was an American novelist, short story writer and poet best known as the author of the novel Little Women (1868) and its sequels Little Men (1871) and Jo's Boys (1886). Raised in New England by her transcendentalist parents, Abigail May and Amos Bronson Alcott, she grew up among many of the well-known intellectuals of the day, such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry David Thoreau, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.\nAlcott's family suffered from financial difficulties, and while she worked to help support the family from an early age, she also sought an outlet in writing. She began to receive critical success for her writing in the 1860s. Early in her career, she sometimes used the pen name A. M. Barnard, under which she wrote novels for young adults that focused on spies and revenge.\nPublished in 1868, Little Women is set in the Alcott family home, Orchard House, in Concord, Massachusetts, and is loosely based on Alcott's childhood experiences with her three sisters, Abigail May Alcott Nieriker, Elizabeth Sewall Alcott, and Anna Alcott Pratt. The novel was well-received at the time and is still popular today among both children and adults. It has been adapted many times to the stage, film, and television.\nAlcott was an abolitionist and a feminist and remained unmarried throughout her life. All her life she was active in such reform movements as temperance and women's suffrage. She died from a stroke, two days after her father died, in Boston on March 6, 1888.", "Q90275": "Herlind Gundelach, (born 1949) is a German politician of the German Christian Democratic Union.", "Q384524": "Anne of Green Gables is a 1934 film directed by George Nicholls, Jr., based upon the novel, Anne of Green Gables, by Lucy Maud Montgomery. The actress formerly billed as Dawn O'Day, who portrayed the title character of Anne Shirley, changed her stage name to Anne Shirley in which she was so billed in this film and subsequent roles. The film sequel; Anne of Windy Poplars.The film became a surprise hit in 1934, easily succeeding in becoming one of four top-grossing films RKO made that year as noted in The R.K.O. Story published by Arlington House.", "Q1352415": "Neverland is a fantasy miniseries that aired on the Syfy network (United States) on December 4 and 5, 2011, and Sky Movies (United Kingdom) on December 9 and 16 December on Zee Cinema (India), written and directed by Nick Willing. It is a prequel to the story of Peter Pan.", "Q1793900": "Roy Nichols (October 21, 1932 \u2013 July 3, 2001) was an American country music guitarist best known as the lead guitarist for country music legend Merle Haggard's band The Strangers for more than two decades. He was known for his guitar technique, a mix of fingerpicking and pedal steel-like bends, usually played on a Fender Telecaster electric guitar. Nichols is considered one of the founders of the country music subgenre the \u201cBakersfield Sound,\u201d which includes such notable country artists as Haggard, Buck Owens, and Don Rich.", "Q44024": "Athanasius of Alexandria (; Greek: \u1f08\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f08\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, Athan\u00e1sios Alexandr\u00edas; Coptic: \u2ca1\u2c93\u2c81\u2c85\u2c93\u2c9f\u2ca5 \u2c81\u2c91\u2c81\u2c9b\u2c81\u2ca5\u2c93\u2c9f\u2ca9 \u2ca1\u2c93\u2c81\u2ca1\u2c9f\u2ca5\u2ca7\u2c9f\u2c97\u2c93\u2c95\u2c9f\u2ca5 or \u2ca0\u2c81\u2ca1\u2c81 \u2c81\u2c91\u2c81\u2c9b\u2c81\u2ca5\u2c93\u2c9f\u2ca9 \u2c81\u0305; c. 296\u2013298 \u2013 2 May 373), also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor or, primarily in the Coptic Orthodox Church, Athanasius the Apostolic, was the 20th bishop of Alexandria (as Athanasius I). His intermittent episcopacy spanned 45 years (c. 8 June 328 \u2013 2 May 373), of which over 17 encompassed five exiles, when he was replaced on the order of four different Roman emperors. Athanasius was a Christian theologian, a Church Father, the chief defender of Trinitarianism against Arianism, and a noted Egyptian leader of the fourth century.\nConflict with Arius and Arianism as well as successive Roman emperors shaped Athanasius' career. In 325, at the age of 27, Athanasius began his leading role against the Arians as a deacon and assistant to Bishop Alexander of Alexandria during the First Council of Nicaea. Roman emperor Constantine the Great had convened the council in May\u2013August 325 to address the Arian position that the Son of God, Jesus of Nazareth, is of a distinct substance from the Father. Three years after that council, Athanasius succeeded his mentor as archbishop of Alexandria. In addition to the conflict with the Arians (including powerful and influential Arian churchmen led by Eusebius of Nicomedia), he struggled against the Emperors Constantine, Constantius II, Julian the Apostate and Valens. He was known as Athanasius Contra Mundum (Latin for Athanasius Against the World).\nNonetheless, within a few years after his death, Gregory of Nazianzus called him the \"Pillar of the Church\". His writings were well regarded by all following Church fathers in the West and the East, who noted their rich devotion to the Word-become-man, great pastoral concern and profound interest in monasticism. Athanasius is counted as one of the four great Eastern Doctors of the Church in the Catholic Church. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, he is labeled as the \"Father of Orthodoxy\". Athanasius is the first person to identify the same 27 books of the New Testament that are in use today. He is venerated as a Christian saint, whose feast day is 2 May in Western Christianity, 15 May in the Coptic Orthodox Church, and 18 January in the other Eastern Orthodox Churches. He is venerated by the Oriental and Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Catholic Church, the Lutheran churches, and the Anglican Communion.\nThe Council of Nicaea (325), \"passed twenty disciplinary canons for the better government of the Church. By one, C. 6, of these the Bishops of Rome, Alexandria, and Antioch, were declared to possess jurisdiction over the Churches in their respective provinces\". Hence, the Alexandrian Bishop was declared with the authority of Patriarch. \n\n", "Q982793": "Giuseppe \"Peppino\" Impastato (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bppe pep\u02c8pi\u02d0no impa\u02c8sta\u02d0to]; January 5, 1948 \u2013 May 9, 1978), was an Italian political activist who opposed the Mafia, which ordered his murder in 1978.", "Q992580": "Brunella Gasperini, pen name of Bianca Robecchi (Milan, 22 December 1918 \u2013 Milan, 7 January 1979) was an Italian journalist and novelist.\n\n", "Q552339": "Itamar Handelman Smith (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d9\u05ea\u05de\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d3\u05dc\u05de\u05df \u05e1\u05de\u05d9\u05ea; born May 30, 1976 in the city of Eilat, Israel), also known by his pen name Ithamar Ben-Canaan, is a British writer, columnist, filmmaker, playwright, and DJ based in London. Handelman-Smith publishes his literary and journalistic works in both English and Hebrew.\nHis latest book Unholy Land, published by Repeater, was released in May 2018. As a documentary filmmaker he's known for Shalom Belfast about Northern Irish factions taking sides in the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict.\nHandleman is named after Hebrew-language revivalist Itamar Ben-Avi. Via his paternal side Handelman Smith is descendant of 18th-century Hasidic leader grand rabbi Dov Ber of Mezeritch.", "Q127551": "Wasei Kingu Kongu (\u548c\u88fd\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30fb\u30b3\u30f3\u30b0, lit. Japanese King Kong) was a 1933 Japanese black-and-white silent film directed by Torajiro Saito. It was a silent 3-reel comedy short that uses the 1933 film King Kong as a backdrop to the story and was produced by Shochiku Studios (which released the original 1933 film in Japan on behalf of RKO). It is now considered to be a lost film.", "Q441351": "Elena Borisovna Frolova (Russian: \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0424\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430; born 1 October 1969, in Riga) is a Russian singer-songwriter, composer, and poet. She is author and performer of songs based on poems by many Russian poets of twentieth century, including Marina Tsvetaeva, Sophia Parnok, Joseph Brodsky, Anna Barkova, Andrei Belyi, Varlam Shalamov, Maria Petrovykh, Veniamin Blazhenny, Bulat Okudzhava, and many others, as well as her own poetry. Frolova is one of few performers who uses Russian folk instrument gusli and ancient harp, along with classical six-string guitar for the accompaniment. During 25 years of work she created more than 630 songs and published more than 40 music albums.\n\n", "Q214645": "Konrad Seitz (born 1934) is a German academic and diplomat. He has studied Philosophy, History and Classical Philology in Munich and International Economics and International Law at Fletcher School (Tufts-Harvard, MA, 1967). In 1965 Dr. Seitz entered the German Foreign Service, and in 1975 he became a speechwriter for then-foreign minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher, a position he retained until 1987. Subsequently he served as German ambassador to India, Italy and China.\nKonrad Seitz was born in Munich. He is author of a number of books. His book China. Eine Weltmacht kehrt zur\u00fcck made it into a top-10 listing of important business books by financial information service Bloomberg.", "Q73850": "Reimar Oltmanns (born 1949 in Sch\u00f6ningen, West Germany) is a well-known journalist and author in Germany.From 1970 to 1972 he was the spokesman for Peter von Oertzen, Minister of Culture for the Lower Saxony region.\nUntil 1970, Reimar Oltmanns was involved in various capacities with the Lower Saxony Young Democrats; afterwards he became President of this youth organisation, closely linked at this time to the FDP. He was a delegate to the regional and national congresses of the FDP and sat on the regional committee, without voting rights.\nThe regional committee of the FDP party, with right wing politicians as well as deported German nationals were in dispute with the young democrats who they considered too close to the left wing opposition. Together with twenty leaders of the Young Democrats, Oltmanns rejoined the SPD.\nHe learned his journalistic profession with the newspapers \"Cuxhavener Zeitung\" and \"Hannoversche Presse\". At the start of the 1970s he wrote from Hanover for the \"Frankfurter Rundschau\" and later from Bonn for \"Stern\". At the same time he also wrote for \"Stern\" on German politics, and as chief editor on \"Special Themes\".\nHis influential teachers and mentors him wehe the professors Peter von Oertzen (*1929+2008) and Peter Br\u00fcckner (*1922+1982) and the seniors editors, Karl-Hermann Flach (*1929+1973) of the Frankfurter Rundschau and Arnim von Manikowsky (*1928+2007) by Stern magazine n Hamburg.\nIn July 1977, Reimar Oltmanns (text) et John Kubicek (illustration) won first prize in a national competition under the theme of \"30 years of Human Rights.\" Their entry, \"So the burning of the Reichstag will never happen again\" showed a wall of flames devouring the books of fundamental law.\n25 years later, \"Stern\" magazine chose articles written by Reimar Oltmanns for their special editions dedicated to \"The best reporting of 1977\". The series of articles were written from Latin America on the subjects of torture, assassinations and concentration camps.\nIn March 1979, Reimar, together with Peter Koch, received the Egon-Erwin-Kisch Prize 1978, awarded by the established youth magazines \"Elan\" and \"die roten Bl\u00e4tter\" and supported by the German Democratic Republic. The prize was awarded for their articles on freedom published in \"Stern\". This seriesof articles criticised the systematic development of electronic monitoring by the State, the exclusion and professional disqualification of those who deviated from the dominant thought.\nIn 1979, Reimar Oltmanns left the Hamburg-based magazine and became a freelance journalist and writer, reporting for \"Spiegel\" as well as \"Der Zeit\".\nIn 1981,Reimar testified at the Hamburg High Court in the \"trial of press coverage\" (\"Titelblattprozess\") during which the feminist Alice Schwarzer accused the editor of the Stern, Henri Nannen, of censorship and of representing women like simple sex objects. Reimar Oltmanns testified in favor of Alice Schwarzer, editor of Emma, from his inside knowledge of Stern.\nAfter having gone to live in Frankfurt-on-Main, he continued to write for newspapers and magazines and published several books. He was in the years 1984/85, the editor of the magazine Auftritt in the Rhine-Hand area. In 1990, he moved Bologna (Italy) and since 1992-2009 has lived in France. Reimar Oltmanns lives now in Innsbruck (Austria). In recognition of his socially descriptions and books contributed to Reimar Oltmanns on 16 July 2009 in the Golden book of his hometown Sch\u00f6ningen. Since 12 January 2012 he is a supporting member outdoors Radio Helsinki in Graz/Styria; since 2013 as a writer in Innsbruck. Two years later he moved to Germany in the Holstein Switzerland back.\nHe also reported from Latin America, Africa and Eastern Europe. In Western Europe, particularly in Italy and France, he wrote documentary articles about society and about travel.", "Q131333": "Mary Ann Evans (22 November 1819 \u2013 22 December 1880; alternatively Mary Anne or Marian), known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, poet, journalist, translator and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. She wrote seven novels, Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), Romola (1862\u201363), Felix Holt, the Radical (1866), Middlemarch (1871\u201372) and Daniel Deronda (1876), most of which are set in provincial England and known for their realism and psychological insight.\nAlthough female authors were published under their own names during her lifetime, she wanted to escape the stereotype of women's writing being limited to lighthearted romances. She also wanted to have her fiction judged separately from her already extensive and widely known work as an editor and critic. Another factor in her use of a pen name may have been a desire to shield her private life from public scrutiny, thus avoiding the scandal that would have arisen because of her relationship with the married George Henry Lewes.Middlemarch has been described by the novelists Martin Amis and Julian Barnes as the greatest novel in the English language.", "Q35805": "A cough is a sudden expulsion of air through the large breathing passages that can help clear them of fluids, irritants, foreign particles and microbes. As a protective reflex, coughing can be repetitive with the cough reflex following three phases: an inhalation, a forced exhalation against a closed glottis, and a violent release of air from the lungs following opening of the glottis, usually accompanied by a distinctive sound.Frequent coughing usually indicates the presence of a disease. Many viruses and bacteria benefit, from an evolutionary perspective, by causing the host to cough, which helps to spread the disease to new hosts. Most of the time, irregular coughing is caused by a respiratory tract infection but can also be triggered by choking, smoking, air pollution, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, post-nasal drip, chronic bronchitis, lung tumors, heart failure and medications such as ACE inhibitors.\nTreatment should target the cause; for example, smoking cessation or discontinuing ACE inhibitors. Cough suppressants such as codeine or dextromethorphan are frequently prescribed, but have been demonstrated to have little effect. Other treatment options may target airway inflammation or may promote mucus expectoration. As it is a natural protective reflex, suppressing the cough reflex might have damaging effects, especially if the cough is productive.", "Q183581": "Nur Hassan Wirajuda (born July 9, 1948 in Tangerang, Banten) is an Indonesian politician who was the foreign minister of Indonesia from 2001 to 2009. He served during the presidencies of Megawati Sukarnoputri and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.", "Q1085493": "Christoph Marthaler (born October 17, 1951, Erlenbach, Switzerland) is a Swiss director and musician, working in the style of avant-garde theater, such as Expressionism and Dada, a theater of the absurd elements.", "Q289014": "Bad Guy is a South Korean film by director Kim Ki-duk about a man who traps a woman into prostitution, then becomes protective of her. The film was controversial for its frank portrayal of gangsters, prostitution, and sexual slavery, but also was a minor box office hit as its release coincided with a burgeoning audience interest in its male lead and director.", "Q234595": "Aya Ueto (\u4e0a\u6238 \u5f69, Ueto Aya, born September 14, 1985) is a Japanese actress, singer and television personality. In 1997, Ueto participated in the seventh Japan Bish\u014djo Contest, where she won the special jury prize. Soon thereafter, Ueto joined the talent agency Oscar Promotion and began taking singing, dancing and acting lessons. In 1999, she formed the girl group Z-1 with three fellow Japan Bish\u014djo Contest participants. The group disbanded in 2002 and later that year, Ueto signed with Pony Canyon and released \"Pureness\", her debut single as a lead artist. She has since released five studio albums which have spawned ten Oricon top-ten singles.\nAt the age of thirteen, Ueto made her acting debut in the 1999 thriller Satsujinsha: Killer of Paraiso. In 2001, Ueto appeared in the sixth season of the TBS drama 3-nen B-gumi Kinpachi-sensei. Her portrayal of a high school student with gender dysphoria garnered critical acclaim and led to several leading roles and advertising endorsements, establishing Ueto as one of Japan's most recognizable faces. Since 2004, Ueto has held the annual title of CM Queen five times. Ueto has won two Television Drama Academy Awards \u2013 one for Best Actress for her performance in the sports drama series Ace o Nerae! (2004) and one for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the human drama Nagareboshi (2010). She subsequently starred in the remake of Attention Please (2006), the banking drama Hanzawa Naoki (2013) and Hirugao: Love Affairs in the Afternoon (2014).Ueto ventured onto the big screen as the lead in Ryuhei Kitamura's 2003 blockbuster Azumi, which earned her a nomination for a Japan Academy Award for Best Actress. She went on to star in its sequel, Azumi 2: Death or Love (2005), and Thermae Romae (2012), the adaptation of Mari Yamazaki's manga series of the same name. In 2017, Ueto starred in the feature film adaptation of the drama series Hirugao.", "Q107859": "Friedrich M\u00e4rker (March 7, 1893 in Augsburg, Bavaria \u2013 27 April 1985, in Feldafing, Bavaria) was a German writer, essayist, theatre critic and publicist. His work focused on the physiognomy of the Nordic race (during the time of the Nazi regime), time and cultural criticism.\nHe also wrote under the pseudonyms Alexander Stark, Nicholas Haug and Fyodor Ukrainow.", "Q658874": "Ernest J. Gallo (March 18, 1909 \u2013 March 6, 2007) was an American businessman and philanthropist. Gallo co-founded the E & J Gallo Winery in Modesto, California.", "Q447720": "William Goldsmith is an American drummer best known for being with Sunny Day Real Estate and his tenure with Foo Fighters. Currently drumming for Assertion, he has toured with Mike Watt, IQU, and has recorded and played live with many other bands and artists.", "Q1322694": "Anthony de Vit ( d\u0259-VEE; 12 September 1957 \u2013 2 July 1998) was an English DJ and music producer. He is considered and one of the most influential of his generation. He was credited with helping to take the \"hard house\" and fast \"hard NRG\" sounds out of the London gay scene and into mainstream clubs. His single \"Burning Up\" reached number 25 in the UK Singles Chart in March 1995, with \"To The Limit\" making number 44 in September 1995. During that year he won BBC Radio 1 Essential Mix of the Year Award, as voted by listeners of the show, and Music Week's re-mix of Year Award for Louise's (Naked). He remixed many UK Top 40 hits during his career with artists like Taylor Dayne and East 17. Between 1994 and 1998 his popularity with the clubbing public was rivaled by only Paul Oakenfold and Carl Cox. In September 2010, Mixmag UK announced the nominations of 35 DJs chosen by other big names in the world of dance music as those they considered the best DJs ever. A subsequent 15-month survey, which polled hundreds of thousands of global votes, asked who was the Greatest DJ of All Time and when the result was announced in January 2011, Tony De-Vit was ranked No 9 and one of four British DJs who made the Top 10.", "Q168246": "Julie is a 1956 film noir written and directed by Andrew L. Stone and starring Doris Day, Louis Jourdan and Barry Sullivan. The film is also notable as potentially the first film to feature the subplot of a stewardess piloting an aircraft to safety, later used in Airport 1975 (1975) and parodied in Airplane! (1980). Julie is further notable for being technically accurate in regard to contemporary aviation technology.", "Q776223": "The University of Montpellier (French: Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier) is a French public research university in Montpellier in south-east of France. Established in 1292, the University of Montpellier is one of the oldest universities in the world.\nThe university was split into three universities during 45 years (the University of Montpellier 1, the University of Montpellier 2 and the Paul Val\u00e9ry University Montpellier 3) between 1970 and 2015 when it was subsequently reunified by the merger of the former two, with the latter, now named Paul Val\u00e9ry University Montpellier, remaining a separate entity.\n\n", "Q487262": "TraxX (Korean: \ud2b8\ub799\uc2a4; RR: Teuraekseu, formerly known as The TRAX and TRAX), was a South Korean EDM trio that consisted of Jay, Jungmo and Ginjo. Originally a four-member rock band formed by SM Entertainment and X Japan's co-founder Yoshiki in 2004, with consists of Typhoon Jay (leader and vocals), Rose Minwoo (drums), Attack Jungwoo (bass), and Xmas Jungmo (guitar). Their name is an acronym of \"Typhoon Rose Attack Xmas\", which also used as the members stage name. \nIn the period of 2006 and 2007, No Min-woo and Jungwoo left the group. As the resulted in the band becoming a duo with remaining members Jay and Jungmo, also changes their band name from The TRAX to be simply name TRAX. The duo kicked off with the release of the EPs Cold-Hearted Man (2010), Oh! My Goddess (2010), and Blind (2011). Thereafter, the members went into individual activities, with Jay pursuing acting and Jungmo collaborating with several artists. \nOn March 26, 2018, TRAX changed their name to TraxX with DJ and producer Ginjo joining the group and changing their music genre from rock to electronic dance music. TraxX unofficially disbanded after 2 members left SM in April 2019.", "Q279495": "Micha\u00ebl Eytzinger (Freiherr Michael von Aitzing, Aitzinger, Eyzinger, or Eitzing) (born ca. 1530 in Obereitzing - died 1598 in Bonn), was an Austrian nobleman, diplomat, historian, and publicist, who wrote and published several works, including a renowned volume that states the principles of a genealogical numbering system, called an Ahnentafel, that is still in use today. \nEytzinger first published the Ahnentafel in 1590 in his Thesaurus principum hac aetate in Europa viventium (Cologne), in which he described and illustrated his new functional theory of numeration of ancestors by providing genealogies of thirty-four sovereign houses of Europe. \nEytzinger\u2019s method was used by Jer\u00f3nimo de Sosa, in his work Noticia de la gran casa de los marqueses de Villafranca in 1676, and was popularized by Stephan Kekul\u00e9 von Stradonitz in his Ahnentafel-atlas in 1898.\nHe also wrote and published several histories, including Novus de Leone Belgico in 1583 that included the first cartographic representation of the Low Countries as Leo Belgicus. The lion motif was inspired by the heraldic figures that appear in the coats of arms of several Dutch constituencies, as well as in the arms of William of Orange. The map was published during the period when the Netherlands was fighting the Eighty Years' War for independence from Spain.", "Q46633": "Charles Babbage (; 26 December 1791 \u2013 18 October 1871) was an English polymath. A mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, Babbage originated the concept of a digital programmable computer.Considered by some to be a \"father of the computer\", Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex electronic designs, though all the essential ideas of modern computers are to be found in Babbage's Analytical Engine. His varied work in other fields has led him to be described as \"pre-eminent\" among the many polymaths of his century.Parts of Babbage's incomplete mechanisms are on display in the Science Museum in London. In 1991, a functioning difference engine was constructed from Babbage's original plans. Built to tolerances achievable in the 19th century, the success of the finished engine indicated that Babbage's machine would have worked.", "Q269686": "Paula Trickey (born March 27, 1966) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Cory McNamara on the USA Network series Pacific Blue (1996\u20132000), and for her roles in a number of television films.", "Q434916": "Luigi Carlo Filippo Russolo (30 April 1885 \u2013 6 February 1947) was an Italian Futurist painter, composer, builder of experimental musical instruments, and the author of the manifesto The Art of Noises (1913). He is often regarded as one of the first noise music experimental composers with his performances of noise music concerts in 1913\u201314 and then again after World War I, notably in Paris in 1921. He designed and constructed a number of noise-generating devices called Intonarumori.", "Q175571": "Jill Dorothy Ireland (24 April 1936 \u2013 18 May 1990) was an English actress and singer. She collaborated in fifteen films with her second husband, Charles Bronson.\n\n", "Q69808": "Vichy France (French: R\u00e9gime de Vichy) is the common name of the French State (\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais) headed by Marshal Philippe P\u00e9tain during World War II. Evacuated from Paris to Vichy in the unoccupied \"Free Zone\" (zone libre) in the southern part of metropolitan France which included French Algeria, it remained responsible for the civil administration of France as well as the French colonial empire.\nFrom 1940 to 1942, while the Vichy regime was the nominal government of all of France except for Alsace-Lorraine, the Germans and Italians militarily occupied northern and south-eastern France. While Paris remained the de jure capital of France, the government chose to relocate to the town of Vichy, 360 km (220 mi) to the south in the zone libre, which thus became the de facto capital of the French State. Following the Allied landings in French North Africa in November 1942, southern France was also militarily occupied by Germany and Italy to protect the Mediterranean coastline. Petain's government remained in Vichy as the nominal government of France, albeit one that collaborated with Nazi Germany from November 1942 onwards. The government at Vichy remained there until late 1944, when it lost its de facto authority due to the Allied invasion of France and the government was compelled to relocate to the Sigmaringen enclave in Germany, where it continued to exist on paper until the end of hostilities in Europe.\nAfter being appointed Premier by President Albert Lebrun, Marshal P\u00e9tain's cabinet agreed to end the war and signed an Armistice with Germany on 22 June 1940. On 10 July, the Third Republic was effectively dissolved as P\u00e9tain was granted full powers by the National Assembly. At Vichy, P\u00e9tain established an authoritarian government that reversed many liberal policies and began tight supervision of the economy, calling for \"National Regeneration\", with central planning a key feature. Labour unions came under tight government control. Conservative Catholics became prominent and clerical input in schools resumed. Paris lost its avant-garde status in European art and culture. The media were tightly controlled and promoted anti-Semitism, and, after June 1941, anti-Bolshevism.The French State maintained nominal sovereignty over the whole of French territory but had effective full sovereignty only in the unoccupied southern zone libre (\"free zone\"). It had limited and only civil authority in the northern zones under military occupation. The occupation was to be a provisional state of affairs, pending the conclusion of the war, which at the time (1940) appeared imminent. The occupation also presented certain advantages, such as keeping the French Navy and French colonial empire under French control, and avoiding full occupation of the country by Germany, thus maintaining a degree of French independence and neutrality. Despite heavy pressure, the French government at Vichy never joined the Axis alliance and even remained formally at war with Germany.\nGermany kept two million French soldiers prisoner, carrying out forced labour (service du travail obligatoire). They were hostages to ensure that Vichy would reduce its military forces and pay a heavy tribute in gold, food, and supplies to Germany. French police were ordered to round up Jews and other \"undesirables\" such as communists and political refugees. Much of the French public initially supported the government, despite its undemocratic nature and its difficult position with respect to the Germans, often seeing it as necessary to maintain a degree of French autonomy and territorial integrity. In November 1942, the zone libre was also occupied by Axis forces, leading to the disbandment of the remaining army and the sinking of France's remaining fleet and ending any semblance of independence, with Germany now closely supervising all French officials.Most of the overseas French colonies were originally under Vichy control, though a few rallied to Charles de Gaulle's Allied-oriented Free France. Following the Allied invasion of North Africa in November 1942, Vichy progressively lost control of the colonies to Free France. Public opinion gradually turned against the French government and the occupying German forces over time, when it became clear that Germany was losing the war, and living conditions in France became increasingly difficult. A resistance movement, working largely in concert with de Gaulle's movement outside the country, increased in strength over the course of the occupation. Following the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944 and the liberation of France later that year, the Free French Provisional government of the French Republic (GPRF) was installed as the new national government, led by de Gaulle. Under a \"national unanimity\" cabinet uniting the many factions of the French Resistance, the GPRF re-established a provisional French Republic, thus apparently restoring continuity with the Third Republic. Most of the legal French government's leaders at Vichy fled or were subject to show trials by the GPRF, and a number were quickly executed for \"treason\" in a series of purges (\u00e9puration l\u00e9gale). Thousands of collaborators were summarily executed by local communists and the Resistance in so-called \"savage purges\" (\u00e9puration sauvage).The last of the French state exiles were captured in the Sigmaringen enclave by de Gaulle's French 1st Armoured Division in April 1945. P\u00e9tain, who had voluntarily made his way back to France via Switzerland, was also put on trial for treason by the new Provisional government, and received a death sentence, but this was commuted to life imprisonment by de Gaulle. Only four senior Vichy officials were tried for crimes against humanity, although many more had participated in the deportation of Jews for internment in Nazi concentration camps, abuses of prisoners, and severe acts against members of the Resistance.", "Q16004": "Henri (French: Henri Albert Gabriel F\u00e9lix Marie Guillaume, pronounced [\u02c8\u0251\u0303\u02d0\u0280i]; born 16 April 1955) is the Grand Duke of Luxembourg, reigning since 7 October 2000. He is the eldest son of Grand Duke Jean and Princess Jos\u00e9phine-Charlotte of Belgium, and a first cousin of Philippe, King of the Belgians.\nIn 2019, his net worth was estimated around US$4 billion.", "Q294723": "Chad Robert Kroeger (n\u00e9 Turton; born November 15, 1974) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, musician, producer, and entrepreneur. He is best known as the lead vocalist and guitarist for the rock band Nickelback. In addition to his work with Nickelback, Kroeger has been involved with a variety of collaborations, appearing as a guest musician in several songs and has contributed in both production and songwriting. He has co-written several songs for other artists and films.", "Q445137": "Andr\u00e9 Frossard (1915\u20131995) was a French journalist and essayist.", "Q634776": "John Pascoe Fawkner (20 October 1792 \u2013 4 September 1869) was an early Australian pioneer, businessman and politician of Melbourne, Australia. In 1835 he financed a party of free settlers from Van Diemen's Land (now called Tasmania), to sail to the mainland in his ship, Enterprize. Fawkner's party sailed to Port Phillip and up the Yarra River to found a settlement which became the city of Melbourne.", "Q2630": "Ivanovo (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e, IPA: [\u026a\u02c8van\u0259v\u0259]) is a city and the administrative center of Ivanovo Oblast, Russia, located 254 kilometers (158 mi) from Moscow and approximately 100 kilometers (62 mi) from Yaroslavl, Vladimir, and Kostroma. Population: 408,330\u2009(2010 Census); 431,721\u2009(2002 Census); 481,042\u2009(1989 Census). It was previously known as Ivanovo-Voznesensk (until 1932).", "Q41148": "Martin Charles Scorsese (, Italian: [skor\u02c8se\u02d0ze; -e\u02d0se]; born November 17, 1942) is an Italian-American film director, screenwriter, producer, and actor, whose career spans more than 50 years. One of the major figures of the New Hollywood era, he is widely regarded as one of the most significant and influential directors in film history. Scorsese's body of work explores themes such as Italian-American identity, Catholic concepts of guilt and redemption, faith, machismo, crime and tribalism. Many of his films are known for their depiction of violence, and the liberal use of profanity and rock music. In 1990, he founded The Film Foundation, a nonprofit organization dedicated to film preservation, in 2007 he founded the World Cinema Foundation and in 2017, he introduced the African Film Heritage Project.He has established a filmmaking history involving repeat collaborations with actors and film technicians, including nine films made with Robert De Niro. His films with De Niro are the vigilante-thriller Taxi Driver (1976), the biographical sports drama Raging Bull (1980), the black comedy The King of Comedy (1983), the musical drama New York, New York (1977), the psychological thriller Cape Fear (1991), and the crime films Mean Streets (1973), Goodfellas (1990), Casino (1995) and The Irishman (2019). Scorsese has also been noted for his successful collaborations with actor Leonardo DiCaprio, having directed him in five films: the historical epic Gangs of New York (2002), the Howard Hughes biography The Aviator (2004), the crime thriller The Departed (2006), the psychological thriller Shutter Island (2010), and the Wall Street satire The Wolf of Wall Street (2013). The Departed won Scorsese the Academy Award for Best Director, in addition to winning the award for Best Picture. Actor Harvey Keitel starred in six of his films: Scorsese\u2019s feature film directorial debut, Who's That Knocking at My Door (1967), Mean Streets, the dramedy Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1974), Taxi Driver, the religious drama The Last Temptation of Christ (1988), and The Irishman.\nScorsese's other film work includes the black comedy After Hours (1985), the romantic drama The Age of Innocence (1993), the historical adventure drama Hugo (2011), and the religious epics Kundun (1997) and Silence (2016). His work in television includes the pilot episodes of the HBO series Boardwalk Empire and Vinyl, which he also co-created. As a fan of rock music, he has directed several documentaries on the subject, including The Last Waltz (1978), No Direction Home (2005), Shine a Light (2008), George Harrison: Living in the Material World (2011), and Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese (2019).\nWith nine Academy Award for Best Director nominations, he is the most-nominated living director and is second only to William Wyler's 12 nominations overall. In 2007, Scorsese was presented with the Kennedy Center Honor at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts for his influence in American culture. He also received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2003, a British Film Institute Fellowship in 1995, and a BAFTA Fellowship in 2012. He is also a recipient of the AFI Life Achievement Award for his contributions to the cinema, and has won an Academy Award, a Palme d'Or, Cannes Film Festival Best Director Award, Silver Lion, Grammy Award, Primetime Emmy Awards, Golden Globes, BAFTAs, and Directors Guild of America Awards.", "Q269692": "Barry Levinson (born April 6, 1942) is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, and actor. Levinson's best-known works are mid-budget comedy-drama and drama films such as Diner (1982); The Natural (1984); Good Morning, Vietnam (1987); Bugsy (1991); and Wag the Dog (1997). He won the Academy Award for Best Director for Rain Man (1988), which also won the Academy Award for Best Picture.", "Q653935": "Scott Hamilton Bairstow (born April 23, 1970) is a Canadian actor known for his roles as Newt Call on the syndicated western television drama Lonesome Dove: The Series and as Ned Grayson on the American television drama series Party of Five. He was born in Steinbach, Manitoba, to Douglas and Diane Bairstow, professional classical musicians.", "Q16010": "Esch-sur-Alzette (Luxembourgish: Esch-Uelzecht pronounced [\u02cc\u00e6\u0292\u203f\u02c8u\u0259\u032flts\u0259\u0255t] (listen), German: Esch-an-der-Alzette [\u02cc\u025b\u0283 \u0294an de\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u0294al\u02c8z\u025bt] or Esch-an-der-Alzig, French: Esch-sur-Alzette) is a commune with town status in south-western Luxembourg. It is the country's second \"city\", and its second-most populous commune, with a population of 35,040 inhabitants, as of 2018. It lies in the south-west of the country, on the border with France and in the valley of the Alzette, which flows through the town. The town is usually referred to as just Esch; however, the full name distinguishes it from the village and commune of Esch-sur-S\u00fbre which lies 45 kilometres (28 miles) further north. The country's capital, Luxembourg City, is roughly 15 km (9.3 mi) to the north-east.", "Q486168": "San Bernardino () is a city located in the Inland Empire and that serves as the county seat of San Bernardino County, California, United States. As one of the Inland Empire's anchor cities, San Bernardino spans 81 square miles (210 km2) on the floor of the San Bernardino Valley and as of 2018 has a population of 215,941. San Bernardino is the 17th-largest city in California and the 103rd-largest city in the United States. The governments of Guatemala and Mexico have established consulates in the downtown area of the city.California State University, San Bernardino is located in the northwestern part of the city. The university also hosts the Coussoulis Arena. Other attractions in San Bernardino include ASU Fox Theatre, the McDonald's Museum, which is located on the original site of the world's first McDonald's, California Theatre, the San Bernardino Mountains, and San Manuel Amphitheater, the largest outdoor amphitheater in the United States. In addition, the city is home to the Inland Empire 66ers baseball team; they play their home games at San Manuel Stadium in downtown San Bernardino.In August 2012, San Bernardino became the largest city to file for protection under Chapter 9 of the U.S. Bankruptcy code; this was superseded by Detroit's filing in July 2013. San Bernardino's case was filed on August 1. On December 2, 2015, a terrorist attack left 14 people dead and 22 seriously injured.", "Q138465": "Saint Sava (Serbian: \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0430 / Sveti Sava, pronounced [s\u028b\u025b\u0302\u02d0ti\u02d0 s\u01ce\u02d0\u028ba], 1174 \u2013 14 January 1236), known as the Enlightener, was a Serbian prince and Orthodox monk, the first Archbishop of the autocephalous Serbian Church, the founder of Serbian law, and a diplomat. Sava, born as Rastko (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e), was the youngest son of Serbian Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja (founder of the Nemanji\u0107 dynasty), and ruled the appanage of Hum briefly in 1190\u201392. He then left for Mount Athos, where he became a monk with the name Sava (Sabbas). At Athos he established the monastery of Hilandar, which became one of the most important cultural and religious centres of the Serbian people. In 1219 the Patriarchate exiled in Nicea recognized him as the first Serbian Archbishop, and in the same year he authored the oldest known constitution of Serbia, the Zakonopravilo nomocanon, thus securing full independence; both religious and political. Sava is regarded as the founder of Serbian medieval literature.He is widely considered as one of the most important figures of Serbian history. Saint Sava is venerated by the Serbian Orthodox Church as its founder on January 27 [O.S. January 14]. Many artistic works from the Middle Ages to modern times have interpreted his career. He is the patron saint of Serbia, Serbs, and Serbian education. The Church of Saint Sava in Belgrade is dedicated to him, built where the Ottomans burnt his remains in 1594 during an uprising in which the Serbs used icons of Sava as their war flags; the church is one of the largest church buildings in the world.", "Q90507": "Dr. Karl Str\u00f6lin (21 October 1890 \u2013 21 January 1963) was a German Nazi politician and from 1933 to 1945, was the mayor of Stuttgart.", "Q109860": "Dagobert I (Latin: Dagobertus; c. 603 \u2013 19 January 639 AD) was the king of Austrasia (623\u2013634), king of all the Franks (629\u2013634), and king of Neustria and Burgundy (629\u2013639). He was the last king of the Merovingian dynasty to wield any real royal power. Dagobert was the first of the Frankish kings to be buried in the royal tombs at Saint Denis Basilica.", "Q7748": "Law is commonly understood as a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate conduct, although its precise definition is a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and the art of justice. State-enforced laws can be made by a collective legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes, by the executive through decrees and regulations, or established by judges through precedent, normally in common law jurisdictions. Private individuals can create legally binding contracts, including arbitration agreements that may elect to accept alternative arbitration to the normal court process. The formation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people.\nLegal systems vary between countries, with their differences analysed in comparative law. In civil law jurisdictions, a legislature or other central body codifies and consolidates the law. In common law systems, judges make binding case law through precedent, although on occasion case law may be overturned by a higher court or the legislature. Historically, religious law influenced secular matters, and is still used in some religious communities. Sharia law based on Islamic principles is used as the primary legal system in several countries, including Iran and Saudi Arabia.Law's scope can be divided into two domains. Public law concerns government and society, including constitutional law, administrative law, and criminal law. Private law deals with legal disputes between individuals and/or organisations in areas such as contracts, property, torts/delicts and commercial law. This distinction is stronger in civil law countries, particularly those with a separate system of administrative courts; by contrast, the public-private law divide is less pronounced in common law jurisdictions.Law provides a source of scholarly inquiry into legal history, philosophy, economic analysis and sociology. Law also raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness, and justice.\n\n", "Q62791": "Arthur Hermann Florstedt (18 February 1895 \u2013 15 April 1945), member of the NSDAP, was a German SS commander, war criminal and convicted war profiteer. He became the third commander of Majdanek concentration camp in October 1942. Florstedt was convicted of corruption and executed by the regime in April 1945.\n\n", "Q234581": "M\u00e9lanie Laurent (French pronunciation: [melani lo\u0281\u0251\u0303] (listen); born 21 February 1983) is a French actress, singer, pianist, screenwriter and director. The recipient of two C\u00e9sar Awards, an \u00c9toiles d'or du cin\u00e9ma fran\u00e7ais and a Lumi\u00e8res Award, she has established herself as an accomplished actress in the French film industry.\nBorn in Paris to a Jewish family, Laurent was introduced to acting at the age of sixteen by G\u00e9rard Depardieu, who cast her in a minor role in the romantic drama The Bridge (1999). She gained wider recognition for her supporting work in several French films, most notably the 2006 comedy Dikkenek, for which she won \u00c9toiles d'Or for Best Female Newcomer. Her breakthrough role came in the 2006 drama film Don't Worry, I'm Fine, for which she later won the C\u00e9sar Award for Most Promising Actress and the Prix Romy Schneider. Laurent made her Hollywood debut in 2009 with the starring role as Shosanna Dreyfus in Quentin Tarantino's blockbuster war film Inglourious Basterds. Her performance won the Online Film Critics Society and the Austin Film Critics Association Best Actress Awards.\nWhile she has worked mainly in independent films, including Paris (2008) and Enemy (2013), Laurent also appeared in commercially successful Hollywood films, including the comedy drama Beginners (2011), and the caper film Now You See Me (2013), the former earning her a nomination at the San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress. Laurent's other notable works include the art-house drama The Round Up (2010), the comedy drama Et soudain, tout le monde me manque (2011), and the mystery thriller Night Train to Lisbon (2013). She is also known for voicing Mary Katherine and Disgust in the French dubs of Epic (2013) and Inside Out (2015) respectively. Additionally, she starred in Chris Weitz's 2018 drama Operation Finale with Oscar Isaac and Ben Kingsley, telling the story of the capture of Nazi Adolf Eichmann.\nIn addition to her film career, Laurent has appeared in stage productions in France. She made her theater debut in 2010 in Nicolas Bedos's Promenade de sant\u00e9. The short film De moins en moins (2008) marked her debut as a filmmaker. Her feature film directorial debut is The Adopted (2011). Respire (2014), her second production as a director, was screened at the International Critics' Week section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival. She made her singing debut with a studio album En t'attendant in May 2011; the album contains twelve songs, five of which are co-written and co-produced by Irish folk musician Damien Rice.", "Q167607": "James Brien Comey Jr. (; born December 14, 1960) is an American lawyer who was the 7th director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 2013 until his dismissal in May 2017. Comey had been a registered Republican for most of his adult life; in 2016, he described himself as unaffiliated.Comey was the U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York from January 2002 to December 2003, and the United States deputy attorney general from December 2003 to August 2005 in the administration of President George W. Bush. In August 2005, Comey left the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and became a senior vice president of Lockheed Martin as general counsel while based in Bethesda, Maryland. In 2010, he became general counsel at Bridgewater Associates, based in Westport, Connecticut. In early 2013, he left Bridgewater to become a senior research scholar and Hertog fellow on national security law at Columbia Law School. He served on the board of directors of HSBC Holdings until July 2013.In September 2013, President Barack Obama appointed Comey to the position of Director of the FBI. In that capacity, he was responsible for overseeing the FBI's investigation of the Hillary Clinton email controversy. His role in the 2016 U.S. presidential election was highly controversial. Many Clinton supporters claim his decisions not long before the 2016 election might have cost her the presidency, particularly his decision to reopen the investigation into Clinton's emails less than two weeks before the election. Comey also received heavy criticism from Republicans after it was revealed that he had begun drafting an exoneration letter for Clinton before the investigation was complete. On June 14, 2018, DOJ inspector general Michael E. Horowitz released his report on the FBI's handling of the Hillary Clinton email investigation, which criticized Comey's actions during the 2016 election.President Donald Trump fired Comey on May 9, 2017. Statements from Trump and the White House suggested that Comey had been fired to ease the \"pressure\" Trump was under due to the Russia investigation. Later that month, Comey arranged for a friend to leak to the press a memo he had written after a February 14, 2017 private meeting with the president. It said Trump had asked him to end the FBI's investigation into Michael Flynn, the former national security advisor. The dismissal, various memos detailing meetings with Trump, and Comey's subsequent Congressional testimony in June that same year were interpreted by some commentators as evidence of obstruction of justice by the president and became part of the Mueller investigation. Inspector General Horowitz found that Comey violated FBI policy regarding the memos, but the Department of Justice declined to prosecute Comey. The New York Times and The Washington Post reported on November 22, 2019 that a forthcoming Horowitz report did not find Comey engaged in politically biased actions against Trump.", "Q101582": "Thommie Bayer (Thomas Bayer-Heer, born 22 April 1953) is a German writer, musician and painter.\nBayer was born in Esslingen am Neckar, near Stuttgart (where he attended school). From 1972 to 1978, he studied at the Stuttgart State Academy of Art and Design.\nFrom 1974, he was a musician, first with the duo Thommie und Tomaske, then with his own band, the Thommie Bayer Band. He often shared the stage with friends Thomas C. Breuer and Bernhard Lassahn. His most successful hit was in 1979 with \"Der letzte Cowboy kommt aus G\u00fctersloh\".He continued playing music in the 1980s, having successes with \"Alles geregelt\" and \"Rita\", but concentrated on writing.", "Q382141": "Afdhere Jama (born 1980) is an American writer and filmmaker of Somali origin.\nJama was born and raised in Somalia. He moved to America when he was a teenager. Between the years 2000 and 2010, he was the editor of Huriyah, a magazine by and for LGBT Muslims. Jama identifies as queer and Muslim.", "Q99523": "Ferdinand Falkson (August 20, 1820 \u2013 August 31, 1900) was a German physician and political writer. Born in K\u00f6nigsberg, he was educated at the universities of K\u00f6nigsberg, Berlin, and Halle, graduating from the first-named as M.D. in 1843. In the same year he engaged in practice in his native city, and in 1844 was appointed physician to the poor of the Jewish community, a position which he held until his death.\nIn 1845 Falkson was betrothed to a Christian, but being unable to obtain in his own country the necessary permission to marry, he went to England, and was married there in 1846. On his return to K\u00f6nigsberg in the same year, he was accused of violating the state laws. The case occupied the courts for three years, and was finally won by Falkson (1849). He was active in politics, and at the time of his death was senior of the chamber of aldermen in K\u00f6nigsberg.", "Q348890": "Serge Moati (born Henry Moati; 17 August 1946) is a French journalist, television presenter, film director and writer. He is the brother of Nine Moati, author of the novel Les Belles de Tunis. As is his sister, Serge Moati is a French citizen, with Tunisian-Jewish origins. He is the father of the actor F\u00e9lix Moati.Moati was formerly a political consultant/public relations manager for Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand.", "Q96610": "Udo Ulfkotte (20 January 1960 \u2013 13 January 2017) was a German journalist who maintained that journalists (including himself) and leading newspapers published material that had been fed to them, or bought, by the CIA and other Western intelligence and propaganda agencies. He was an assistant editor for a German main daily newspaper, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ) for several years until 2003. Between 1997 and his death he published a dozen books, including a number with populist themes.", "Q146811": "Zanesville is a city in and the county seat of Muskingum County, Ohio, United States. It is located 52 miles (84 km) east of Columbus. The population was 25,487 as of the 2010 census. Zanesville anchors the Zanesville Micropolitan Statistical Area (population 86,183) and is part of the Columbus-Marion-Zanesville Combined Statistical Area (population 2,508,498)", "Q6330": "Zwickau (German: Landkreis Zwickau) is a district (Kreis) in the Free State of Saxony, Germany.", "Q54545": "Martina Navratilova (Czech: Martina Navr\u00e1tilov\u00e1 pronounced [mar'c\u026ana nav\u02c8ra\u02d0c\u026alova\u02d0]; born Martina \u0160ubertov\u00e1 pronounced [\u02c8marc\u026ana \u02c8\u0283ub\u025brtova\u02d0]; October 18, 1956) is a Czechoslovak-born American former professional tennis player and coach. In 2005, Tennis magazine selected her as the greatest female tennis player for the years 1975 through 2005 and she is considered one of the best female tennis players of all time.Navratilova was world No. 1 for a total of 332 weeks in singles, and a record 237 weeks in doubles, making her the only player in history to have held the top spot in both singles and doubles for over 200 weeks. She was year-end singles No. 1 seven times, including a record of five consecutive years, as well as year-end doubles No. 1 five times, including three consecutive years during which she held the ranking for the entire year.\nShe won 18 Grand Slam singles titles, 31 major women's doubles titles (an all-time record), and 10 major mixed doubles titles, for a combined total of 59 major titles, marking the Open Era record for the most Grand Slam titles won by one player, male or female. She reached the Wimbledon singles final 12 times, including for nine consecutive years from 1982 through 1990, and won the women's singles title at Wimbledon a record nine times (surpassing Helen Wills Moody's eight Wimbledon titles), including a run of six consecutive titles, widely regarded as the best performance by any professional player at a major event. She and Billie Jean King each won 20 combined Wimbledon titles, an all-time record. Navratilova is also one of just three women ever to have accomplished a Career Grand Slam in women's singles and doubles, and mixed doubles, called the career \"Grand Slam Boxed Set\"; consisting of every senior Grand Slam title, a distinction she shares only with two others, Margaret Court and Doris Hart.\nNavratilova holds the records for most singles (167) and doubles titles (177) in the Open Era. Her record as No. 1 in singles (1982\u201386) remains the most dominant in professional tennis to date. Over five consecutive seasons, she won 428 out of 442 singles matches, averaging fewer than three losses per year to 87 wins, for a sustained winning percentage of 96.8%. She holds the best season win-loss record in the Open Era, 86-1 (98.9%) in 1983, and four out of the top six Open Era seasons. She recorded the longest winning streak in the Open Era (74 consecutive matches) as well as three out of the six longest winning streaks in history.\nShe and Serena Williams are the only Open Era players to have won six major singles crowns without the loss of a set. Navratilova, Margaret Court and Maureen Connolly share the record for the most consecutive major singles titles (six). Navratilova reached 11 consecutive major singles finals, second all-time only to Steffi Graf's 13, and is the only woman ever to reach 19 consecutive major semifinals. Navratilova also won the season-ending WTA Tour Championships for top ranked players a record eight times and made the finals a record 14 times. She is the only player of either sex to have won eight different tournaments at least seven times. She was ranked in the world's top 10 in singles for a record 20 consecutive years (1975\u20131994), a span which included 19 years in the top 5, 15 years in the top 3, and 7 years as the world No. 1 ranked singles player. Navratilova is regarded by many to be the greatest female tennis player of all time.\nIn women's doubles, Navratilova and Pam Shriver had one of the most successful partnerships in history and won 109 consecutive matches including all four major titles, the doubles Grand Slam, in 1984. The pair set an all-time record of 79 titles together and tied the record set by Louise Brough Clapp and Margaret Osborne duPont of 20 major women's doubles titles as a team. Navratilova also won the WTA Tour Championships doubles title a record 11 times. She is one of only five tennis players of all-time to win a multiple slam set in two disciplines, matched only by Margaret Court, Roy Emerson, Frank Sedgman and Serena Williams. Navratilova won her last major title in 2006, adding the mixed doubles crown at the 2006 US Open to her resume just a few weeks before her 50th birthday, 32 years after her first Grand Slam title in 1974.\nOriginally from Czechoslovakia, she was stripped of her citizenship when, in 1975 at age 18, she asked the United States for political asylum and was granted temporary residence. At the time, Navratilova was told by the Czechoslovak Sports Federation that she was becoming too Americanized, and she should go back to school and make tennis secondary. Navratilova became a US citizen in 1981, and on January 9, 2008, she reacquired Czech citizenship. She stated she has not renounced her U.S. citizenship nor does she plan to do so, and that reclaiming Czech nationality was not politically motivated.", "Q213880": "Johann Joachim Christoph Bode (January 16, 1731 \u2013 December 13, 1793) was a well-known German translator of literary works.", "Q185682": "French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China) (French: Indochine fran\u00e7aise; Vietnamese: \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p), officially known as the Indochinese Union (French: Union indochinoise; Vietnamese: Li\u00ean bang \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng) from 1887 and the Indochinese Federation (French: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration indochinoise; Vietnamese: Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng) after 1947, was a grouping of French colonial territories in Southeast Asia.\nA grouping of the three Vietnamese regions of Tonkin (north), Annam (centre), and Cochinchina (south) with Cambodia was formed in 1887. Laos came under French control in 1893 and became part of Indochina in 1899. Finally, the leased Chinese territory of Guangzhouwan was added in 1898. The capital was moved from Saigon (in Cochinchina) to Hanoi (Tonkin) in 1902 and again to Da Lat (Annam) in 1939. In 1945 it was moved back to Hanoi.\nAfter the Fall of France during World War II, the colony was administered by the Vichy government and was under Japanese occupation until March 1945, when the Japanese overthrew the colonial regime. After the Japanese surrender, the Viet Minh, a communist organization led by H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, declared Vietnamese independence, but France subsequently took back control of French Indochina. An all-out independence war, known as the First Indochina War, broke out in late 1946 between French and Viet Minh forces.\nIn order to create a political alternative to the Viet Minh, the State of Vietnam, led by former Emperor B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, was proclaimed in 1949. On 22 October and 9 November 1953, the Kingdom of Laos and Kingdom of Cambodia proclaimed their respective independence. Following the Geneva Accord of 1954, the French evacuated Vietnam and French Indochina came to an end.", "Q555324": "Klaus Rifbjerg (15 December 1931 \u2013 4 April 2015) was a Danish writer. He authored more than 170 novels, books and essays. In 1965 he co-produced the film 4x4 which was entered into the 4th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Q732313": "Davis Elkins (January 24, 1876 \u2013 January 5, 1959) was a United States Senator from West Virginia. \n\n", "Q64486": "Gebenstorf is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q451630": "The River Wild is a 1994 American adventure thriller film directed by Curtis Hanson and starring Meryl Streep, Kevin Bacon, David Strathairn, John C. Reilly, Benjamin Bratt, and Joseph Mazzello as Roarke. It is about a family on a whitewater rafting trip who encounter two violent criminals in the wilderness.\n\n", "Q749979": "B\u00e9la Fleck and the Flecktones is an American band that combines jazz and bluegrass music. The band's name is a play on 1960s rock band Dick Dale and the Del-Tones.\nThe Flecktones formed in 1988 when B\u00e9la Fleck was invited to perform on the PBS TV series The Lonesome Pine Specials. The original members were Fleck on banjo, Victor Wooten on bass guitar, his brother Roy Wooten on Drumitar, and Howard Levy on harmonica and keyboards. After Levy's departure in 1992 the group continued as a trio for several years until recruiting Jeff Coffin in 1997 on saxophones. Coffin quit the group in 2010, and Levy rejoined in 2011.", "Q94007": "Eva Rueber-Staier (sometimes spelled Eva Reuber-Staier) is an Austrian actress, TV Host, model and beauty queen who won Miss World 1969.\nRueber-Staier was born in 1951 in Bruck an der Mur, Styria. She won the title of Miss Austria and participated in the Miss Universe 1969 contest, in which she was a top 15 semi-finalist. She also went on to win the Miss World 1969 pageant. During her tenure, she starred in the Bob Hope USO tour in Vietnam.\nHer acting career contains a recurring James Bond credit: she played General Gogol's assistant Rublevitch in the films The Spy Who Loved Me, For Your Eyes Only, and Octopussy.\nEva Rueber Staier married British film director Ronald Fouracre at the well-known Caxton Hall register office on 2 January 1973. They were married until her husband's death on 2 July 1983.She has lived in an Elizabethan Grade II listed house in Pinner for 23 years with her current husband, publisher Brian Cowan and son Alexander.\nShe also played the Cadbury Flake girl in the 1980s Austrian Skiing advert directed by Ridley Scott.She now produces metalwork sculptures; some were exhibited during Hertfordshire Visual Arts Forum's \"open studios 2008\".", "Q879247": "Christopher Isaac \"Biz\" Stone (born March 10, 1974) is an American entrepreneur who co-founded Twitter, among other Internet-based services. Biz was the creative director at Xanga from 1999\u20132001. Stone co-founded Jelly, with Ben Finkel. Jelly was launched in 2014 and is described as a new kind of search engine with the core assumption that for every question there is a person with the answer. Stone was Jelly\u2019s CEO until its acquisition by Pinterest in 2017. On May 16, 2017, Biz Stone announced he was returning to Twitter Inc. in an unannounced role.\n\n", "Q216720": "The Rock is a 1996 American action thriller film directed by Michael Bay, produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer, and written by David Weisberg and Douglas S. Cook. The film stars Sean Connery, Nicolas Cage and Ed Harris, with William Forsythe and Michael Biehn co-starring. It is dedicated to Simpson, who died five months before its release. The film received mixed reviews from critics, and was nominated for Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing at the 69th Academy Awards. It grossed over $335 million against a production budget of $75 million.\nIn the film, an FBI chemist and a former SAS captain are tasked with stopping a group of rogue US Force Recon Marines who have seized Alcatraz Island, taking hostages while doing so, and are threatening to launch rockets filled with nerve gas over San Francisco unless they are paid $100 million.", "Q443234": "Jade Valerie Villalon (born August 12, 1980), also known by her project and stage name Jade Valerie, is an American pop singer, songwriter, and actress. From 1999 to 2007, she was the vocalist and lyricist of Sweetbox, releasing five original albums and a number of compilations. During this time, each major release achieved either a Gold or Platinum status in Japan and Korea, also earning various awards and chart positions around the world.Following Villalon's departure from this project, both Villalon, and Sweetbox composer and producer Rosan Geoman, worked together once again to release albums under Villalon's own name, Jade Valerie. After two album releases under this name, two additional side-projects were formed, entitled Eternity \u221e and Saint Vox, both releasing a self-titled album respectively. Saint Vox presented a collaboration effort between Villalon's vocal and lyrical work, Geoman's arrangements of both original and sampled classical pieces, and the stylings of Japanese violinist, Emiri Miyamoto.", "Q125434": "Port Elizabeth or Nelson Mandela Bay (Xhosa: iBhayi; Afrikaans: Die Baai [di \u02c8b\u0251\u02d0i]) often known by its initials PE, and colloquially as \u201cThe Friendly City\u201d, is a major seaport city and most populous city in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Port Elizabeth is the seat of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa's second largest metropolitan district by area. It is the most-populous city of the Eastern Cape and the sixth most-populous city in South Africa. the most-populous city of Eastern Cape; and the cultural, economic and financial center of the Eastern Cape. The city is among the top five cities in the world for pleasant weather, according to a 2014 scientific climate study of 600 global cities. Port Elizabeth is known for many blue-flag beaches along the city's urban coastline; its popularity as an international and local holiday destination; and its rich and diverse cultural heritage. It is a tourism gateway city for the Eastern Cape and the only city with the closest proximity to malaria-free big five game reserves. The economy of Port Elizabeth is primarily oriented towards automotive assembly, manufacturing and export industries, and the city is also a major South African and sub-Saharan African destination for investment. Foreign direct investments of $19,8 billion has been secured over the past decade. Several Fortune 500 companies have a presence or their African operations headquartered in Port Elizabeth. The city's most prominent landmarks are Shark Rock pier, the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium, and the Donkin Reserve.\nPort Elizabeth is a popular domestic and international holiday destination. It is a gateway city for Eastern Cape's adventure, outdoor and African big five game, malaria-free safari tourism.Port Elizabeth is located in the south eastern coast of South Africa. It is situated on the western portion of Algoa Bay, adjacent to the Indian Ocean. The city lies 770 km east of Cape Town, between South Africa's Garden Route and Wild Coast. Port Elizabeth covers 251 square kilometers of the Nelson Mandela Bay metropolitan area, South Africa's sixth largest metropolitan municipality. Fortune 500 companies are present or have their African operations headquartered in the city. Port Elizabeth is the second oldest city in South Africa. It was founded in 1820 by the government of the Cape Colony when 4,000 British colonists settled Algoa Bay to strengthen the border region between the Cape Colony and the Xhosa.The city's moderate subtropical climate ranks among the top ten cities in the world for highly pleasant, all year round weather, according to a Syracuse University climatology study.Port Elizabeth is a popular tourist holiday destination. Shark Rock Pier, a prominent installation on the shoreline of Port Elizabeth's Summerstrand precinct, is the city's most famous landmark. Port Elizabeth is a tourism gateway city for big five game viewing, South Africa's national's arts festival, outdoor recreation, adventure tourism and numerous nature conservancies, including the Baviaanskloof mega-reserve, Port Elizabeth was one of the host cities for the official tournament of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.", "Q95319": "Hannes Lindemann (28 December 1922 \u2013 17 April 2015) was a German doctor, navigator and sailor. He made two solo transatlantic crossings, one in a sailing dugout canoe made while working in Liberia and the second in a 17-foot Klepper Aerius II double folding kayak, modified to carry two masts and an outrigger. His book Alone at Sea documents the trips, which were totally unassisted. He was motivated to make the trips by an interest in how the human body and mind respond to survival at sea, a theme which the Kon-Tiki (1947) and Alain Bombard (1952) explored in earlier ocean voyages.\nHis kayak was delivered to the Canary Islands, before sailing to the Caribbean. He very rarely paddled, though used a paddle when rudders broke. He carried 154 pounds (70 kg) of supplies, much of it canned comestibles, some of which he ditched on setting out as the kayak was too heavy. He caught fish and gathered rainwater to supplement his rations. The 3,000-mile (4,800 km) crossing to Saint Maarten took him 72 days. Towards the end of that trip he encountered storms of \"wind force 8, gusting to force 9\" when he capsized twice during a period of hallucinations brought on by fatigue and sleep deprivation. At times he described what might be described as tantric or altered states \u2013 safe in the cocoon of his sodden kayak while storms raged around him for days. He was convinced that in a survival situation the mind gave up long before the body (or indeed the craft), and to help accomplish the second trip he trained himself in sleep deprivation as well as mentally, which he described at times as prayer, meditation, autogenic training and ingraining his sub-conscious with affirmational mottos like \"I will make it\" and \"Keep going west\".\nIn the light of these experiences, Lindemann concluded that Alain Bombard had been supplied with fresh water and some other food supplies on two occasions, and could not have survived on salt-water and fish, as claimed.", "Q642186": "Adriana Basile (c. 1580 \u2013 c. 1640) was an Italian composer and singer.", "Q197286": "Zhang Sanfeng was a legendary Chinese Taoist who invented T'ai chi ch'\u00fcan and was purported to have achieved immortality. According to various accounts, he was born in Shaowu, Nanping, Fujian during the Southern Song dynasty and lived for over 307 years until the mid-Ming dynasty. His given name was Tong (\u901a) and his courtesy name was Junbao (\u541b\u5bf6\uff0c\u541b\u5b9d). He specialised in Confucian and Taoist studies, scholarly and literary arts. During the reign of Emperor Shizu in the Yuan dynasty, he was nominated as a candidate to join the civil service and held office as the Magistrate of Boling County (\u535a\u9675\u7e23; around present-day Dingzhou, Baoding, Hebei). While touring around the mountainous regions near present-day Baoji, Shaanxi, he saw the summits of three mountains and decided to give himself the Taoist name \"Sanfengzi\" (\u4e09\u4e30\u5b50), hence he also became known as \"Zhang Sanfeng\".\nZhang Sanfeng's life is that of indifference to fame and wealth. After declining to serve the government and giving away his property to his clan, he travelled around China and lived as an ascetic. He spent several years on Mount Hua before settling in the Wudang Mountains.", "Q373806": "Una bruna indiavolata! is a 1951 Italian comedy film directed by Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia.", "Q210351": "Anton\u00edn R\u00fckl (September 22, 1932 \u2013 July 12, 2016) was a Czech astronomer, cartographer, and author.\nHe was born in \u010c\u00e1slav, Czechoslovakia. As a student he developed what was to be a lifelong interest in astronomy. He graduated from the Czech Technical University in 1956, then joined the staff of the astronomical department of the Institute of Geodesy in Prague.\nIn 1960 he joined the Prague Planetarium, eventually becoming deputy director and then head. He also became chairman of the Planetary Section of the Czechoslovak Astronomical Society and served as vice president of the International Planetarium Directors Conference from 1996 until 1999. He retired at the end of 1999.During his career he was a popularizer of astronomy and authored many books on the subject. He was skilled in cartography and selenography, the skill of mapping the Moon. He illustrated many of his own books, including the highly regarded Atlas of the Moon.He was married to Sonja. They had a daughter Jane and son Mike.", "Q49272": "Chandler is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, and a suburb of the Phoenix, Arizona, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). It is bordered to the north and west by Tempe, to the north by Mesa, to the west by Phoenix, to the south by the Gila River Indian Community, and to the east by Gilbert. As of 2018, the population was estimated at 257,165 according to the United States Census Bureau.", "Q389014": "Dragnet is a 1987 American buddy cop comedy film, directed and co-written by Tom Mankiewicz in his directorial debut. Starring Dan Aykroyd and Tom Hanks, the film is based on the radio and television crime drama of the same name. The screenplay, both a parody of and homage to the long-running television series, was written by Aykroyd, Mankiewicz and Alan Zweibel. The original music score is by Ira Newborn.\nAykroyd plays Joe Friday (nephew of the original series protagonist) while Hanks plays Pep Streebek, his new partner. Harry Morgan reprises his role from the television series as Bill Gannon, now a captain and Friday and Streebek's boss.\n\n", "Q753909": "Manchester is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a total population of 58,241. The urban center of the town is the Manchester census-designated place, with a population of 30,577 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Manchester, in England.", "Q170353": "Ren\u00e9 of Anjou (Occitan: Raini\u00e8r d'Anjau; French: Ren\u00e9 d'Anjou; 1409\u20131480), also known as Ren\u00e9 I of Naples (Italian: Renato I di Napoli) and Good King Ren\u00e9 (Occitan: Rai Raini\u00e8r lo B\u00f2n; French: Le bon roi Ren\u00e9), was count of Piedmont, Duke of Bar (1430\u201380), Duke of Lorraine (1431\u201353), Duke of Anjou, Count of Provence (1434\u201380), briefly King of Naples (1435\u201342; titular 1442\u201380), titular King of Jerusalem (1438\u201380) and Aragon including Sicily, Majorca and Corsica (1466\u201370).\nHe was a member of the House of Valois-Anjou, a cadet branch of the French royal house, and the great-grandson of John II of France (d. 1364). He was a prince of the blood, and for most of his adult life also the brother-in-law of the reigning king Charles VII of France. His lands were very extensive, but often contested, as was his claim to be King of Naples.", "Q1673162": "Alice Bigelow Tully (September 14, 1902 \u2013 December 10, 1993) was an American singer of opera and recital, music promoter, patron of the arts and philanthropist from New York. She was a second cousin of the American actress Katharine Hepburn.", "Q468099": "Asl\u0131 Erdo\u011fan (born 8 March 1967) is a prize-winning Turkish writer, human rights activist, columnist for \u00d6zg\u00fcr G\u00fcndem and former columnist for the newspaper Radikal. Her second novel has been published in English translation. She was awarded the Simone de Beauvoir Prize 2018.", "Q939139": "Poison the Well is an American metalcore band from Miami, Florida who were last signed to Ferret Music. In 2010, they announced a hiatus to explore other interests. Guitarist Ryan Primack and drummer Chris Hornbrook were the only remaining founding members, although vocalist Jeffrey Moreira featured on all five of their full-length albums.", "Q4116419": "Jane Silber is a board member of Canonical Ltd. and was its Chief Executive Officer from 2010 to 2017. \nSilber is also the chair of the board of The Sensible Code Company, whose products include QuickCode.Silber joined Canonical in July 2004, where her work has included leading the Ubuntu One project and ensuring that large organizations find Ubuntu \"enterprise-ready\". \nShe partially attributes the increasing attention to user research and design in open source since 2009 to Canonical's leadership in this area. \nSilber announced her transition out of the CEO role in April 2017, with Canonical founder Mark Shuttleworth resuming the position from July 2017.Silber's earlier roles include Vice President of Interactive Television Company and Vice President of General Dynamics C4 Systems. She has also worked in Japan for Teijin Ltd conducting artificial intelligence research and product development, and in the US at General Health, a health risk assessment firm.\nShe holds an MBA degree from Oxford University's Sa\u00efd Business School, an MSc degree in Management of Technology from Vanderbilt University, where she concentrated on machine learning and artificial intelligence work, \nand a BSc degree in Mathematics and Computer Science from Haverford College.\n\n", "Q590736": "Ingrid Roxana Baldetti El\u00edas (born May 13, 1962) was the first female Vice President of Guatemala from 2012 until her resignation amid a corruption scandal in 2015.", "Q426490": "Je suis timide mais je me soigne is a French comedy film directed by Pierre Richard released in 1978.", "Q15257": "Ronald Ernest Paul (born August 20, 1935) is an American author, physician, and retired politician who served as the U.S. Representative for Texas's 22nd congressional district from 1976 to 1977 and again from 1979 to 1985, and for Texas's 14th congressional district from 1997 to 2013. On three occasions, he sought the presidency of the United States: as the Libertarian Party nominee in 1988 and as a candidate in the Republican primaries of 2008 and 2012. Paul is a critic of the federal government's fiscal policies, especially the existence of the Federal Reserve and the tax policy, as well as the military\u2013industrial complex, and the War on Drugs. He has also been a vocal critic of mass surveillance policies such as the USA PATRIOT Act and the NSA surveillance programs. He was the first chairman of the conservative PAC Citizens for a Sound Economy and has been characterized as the \"intellectual godfather\" of the Tea Party movement.Paul served as a flight surgeon in the U.S. Air Force from 1963 to 1968, and worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist from the 1960s to the 1980s. He became the first Representative in history to serve concurrently with their child in Congress when his son, Rand Paul, was elected to the U.S. Senate from Kentucky in 2010. Paul is a Senior Fellow of the Mises Institute, and has published a number of books and promoted the ideas of economists of the Austrian School such as Murray Rothbard and Ludwig von Mises during his political campaigns.\nOn July 12, 2011, Paul announced that he would forgo seeking another term in Congress in order to focus on his presidential bid. On May 14, 2012, Paul announced that he would not be competing in any other presidential primaries but that he would still compete for delegates in states where the primary elections have already been held. At the 2012 Republican National Convention, Paul received 190 delegate votes. In January 2013, Paul retired from Congress but still remains active on college campuses, giving speeches promoting his libertarian vision. Paul received one electoral vote from a Texas faithless elector in the 2016 presidential election, making him the oldest person to receive an electoral vote, as well as the second registered Libertarian presidential candidate in history to receive an Electoral College vote after John Hospers.", "Q120564": "Empress Meish\u014d (\u660e\u6b63\u5929\u7687, Meish\u014d-tenn\u014d, January 9, 1624 \u2013 December 4, 1696) was the 109th Imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Her reign lasted from 1629 to 1643.In the history of Japan, Meish\u014d was the seventh of eight women to become empress regnant. The six who reigned before her were Suiko, K\u014dgyoku/Saimei, Jit\u014d, Genmei, Gensh\u014d, and K\u014dken/Sh\u014dtoku. Her sole female successor was Go-Sakuramachi.", "Q492653": "The Casa Loma Orchestra was an American dance band active from 1929 to 1963. Until the rapid multiplication in the number of swing bands from 1935 on, the Casa Loma Orchestra was one of the top North American dance bands. With the decline of the big band business following the end of World War II, it disbanded in 1947. However, from 1957 to 1963, it re-emerged as a recording session band in Hollywood, made up of top-flight studio musicians under the direction of its most notable leader of the past, Glen Gray. The reconstituted band made a limited number appearances live and on television and recorded fifteen LP albums for Capitol Records before Gray died in 1963.", "Q504625": "Andrew Stuart \"Andy\" Fastow (born December 22, 1961) is a convicted felon and former financier who was the chief financial officer of Enron Corporation, an energy trading company based in Houston, Texas, until he was fired shortly before the company declared bankruptcy. Fastow was one of the key figures behind the complex web of off-balance-sheet special purpose entities (limited partnerships which Enron controlled) used to conceal Enron's massive losses in their quarterly balance sheets. By unlawfully maintaining personal stakes in these ostensibly independent ghost-entities, he was able to defraud Enron out of tens of millions of dollars. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission subsequently opened an investigation into his and the company's conduct in 2001. Fastow was sentenced to a six-year prison sentence and ultimately served five years for convictions related to these acts. His wife, Lea Weingarten, also worked at Enron, where she was an assistant treasurer; she pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud, money laundering conspiracy and filing fraudulent income tax returns, and served jail time before early release to a halfway house.", "Q90249": "Franz Duncker (4 June 1822 \u2013 18 June 1888) was a German publisher, left-liberal politician and social reformer.", "Q105914": "Ernst Otto Eduard Legal (2 May 1881 \u2013 29 June 1955) was a German actor and opera director of Berlin State Opera.\nBorn on 2 May 1881 in Schlieben in the Prussian Province of Saxony, he was the father of the actress Marga Legal. He died in Berlin at age 74.", "Q4566309": "Johannes Winding Harbitz (26 December 1831 \u2013 5 September 1917) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.\nHe was born in Askvold as the oldest son of vicar and politician Georg Prahl Harbitz and his wife Maren Mariken Hof. He enrolled as a student in 1850, but soon took off to work at sea. He took the mate's examination in 1852, and worked as a shipmaster from 1859 to 1869, as well as ship-owner. He was also vice consul from the mid-1880s, at that time living in T\u00f8nsberg.He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1880, representing the urban constituency T\u00f8nsberg. He was re-elected on four occasions, serving a total of five terms. He was also mayor of T\u00f8nsberg for twelve years. On 2 May 1893 he was appointed to the second cabinet Stang as a member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm. He left on 1 July 1894 to become Minister of Defence. On 1 April the next year there was a reshuffle and he was appointed Minister of Auditing. He held this post until October 1895, when the second cabinet Stang fell.He moved from T\u00f8nsberg to Vestre Aker i 1897, and died in 1917. He was married to Louise Henriette Betty Lunnevig, daughter of Ole Lunnevig in T\u00f8nsberg.", "Q1554203": "Gulam Kaderbhoy Noon, Baron Noon, (24 January 1936 \u2013 27 October 2015) was a British businessman originally from Mumbai, India. Known as the \"Curry King\", Noon operated a number of food product companies in Southall, London. He was a member of the Dawoodi Bohra Ismaili Shia community", "Q3244340": "Juntendo University (\u9806\u5929\u5802\u5927\u5b66, Juntend\u014d Daigaku) is a private university in Japan. Its headquarters are on its campus in Bunkyo, Tokyo, for the School of Medicine and in Inzai, Chiba, for the School of Health and Sports Science. The university was established in 1838 for medical and in 1946 for other departments. It is nicknamed Jundai.", "Q11031": "Vilfredo Federico Damaso (UK: pa-RAY-toh, -\u2060EE-, US: p\u0259-RAY-toh, Italian: [vil\u02c8fre\u02d0do pa\u02c8re\u02d0to], Ligurian: [pa\u02c8\u027ee\u02d0tu]; born Wilfried Fritz Pareto; 15 July 1848 \u2013 19 August 1923) was an Italian engineer, sociologist, economist, political scientist, and philosopher. He made several important contributions to economics, particularly in the study of income distribution and in the analysis of individuals' choices. He was also responsible for popularising the use of the term \"elite\" in social analysis.\nHe introduced the concept of Pareto efficiency and helped develop the field of microeconomics. He was also the first to discover that income follows a Pareto distribution, which is a power law probability distribution. The Pareto principle was named after him, and it was built on observations of his such as that 80% of the wealth in Italy belonged to about 20% of the population. He also contributed to the fields of sociology and mathematics, according to the mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot and Richard L. Hudson:\n\nHis legacy as an economist was profound. Partly because of him, the field evolved from a branch of moral philosophy as practised by Adam Smith into a data intensive field of scientific research and mathematical equations. His books look more like modern economics than most other texts of that day: tables of statistics from across the world and ages, rows of integral signs and equations, intricate charts and graphs.", "Q216708": "William John Paul Gallagher (born 21 September 1972) is an English singer and songwriter. He rose to fame as the lead singer of the rock band Oasis in the 1990s and 2000s, and later fronted the rock band Beady Eye in the early 2010s, before beginning a solo career after the dissolution of both bands. One of the most recognisable figures in British music, he is noted for his outspoken and abrasive manner; penchant for wearing parkas; distinctive singing style, in which he elongates vowels; and signature stance on stage, which consists of him holding his arms behind his back and singing up into a downward-facing microphone.\nGallagher's debut solo album, As You Were, was released in October 2017 and proved to be a critical and commercial success. It topped the UK Albums Chart and was the ninth fastest-selling debut album of the 2010s in the UK, with over 103,000 units sold in its first week. In 2018, the album was certified Platinum with sales of over 300,000 units in the UK. His second solo album, Why Me? Why Not, topped the UK charts upon its release in September 2019; his tenth chart-topping album, including eight with Oasis, it was the fastest-selling vinyl of 2019.", "Q173882": "St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London, United Kingdom, which, as the cathedra of the Bishop of London, serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It sits on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grade I listed building. Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site, founded in AD 604. The present cathedral, dating from the late 17th century, was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren. Its construction, completed in Wren's lifetime, was part of a major rebuilding programme in the City after the Great Fire of London. The cathedral building largely destroyed in the Great Fire, now often referred to as Old St Paul's Cathedral, was a central focus for medieval and early modern London, including Paul's walk and St Paul's Churchyard being the site of St Paul's Cross.\nThe cathedral is one of the most famous and most recognisable sights of London. Its dome, framed by the spires of Wren's City churches, has dominated the skyline for over 300 years. At 365 feet (111 m) high, it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1967. The dome remains among the highest in the world. St Paul's is the second-largest church building in area in the United Kingdom after Liverpool Cathedral.\nServices held at St Paul's have included the funerals of Admiral Nelson, the Duke of Wellington, Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher; jubilee celebrations for Queen Victoria; peace services marking the end of the First and Second World Wars; the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer; the launch of the Festival of Britain; and the thanksgiving services for the Silver, Golden and Diamond Jubilees and the 80th and 90th birthdays of Queen Elizabeth II. St Paul's Cathedral is the central subject of much promotional material, as well as of images of the dome surrounded by the smoke and fire of the Blitz.The cathedral is a working church with hourly prayer and daily services. The tourist entry fee at the door is \u00a320 for adults (January 2019, cheaper online), but no charge is made to worshippers.", "Q114819": "Dune is a 1984 American epic science fiction film written and directed by David Lynch and based on the 1965 Frank Herbert novel of the same name. The film stars Kyle MacLachlan (in his film debut) as young nobleman Paul Atreides, and includes an ensemble of well-known American and European actors in supporting roles. It was filmed at the Churubusco Studios in Mexico City and included a soundtrack by the rock band Toto, as well as Brian Eno.\nSet in the distant future, the film chronicles the conflict between rival noble families as they battle for control of the extremely harsh desert planet Arrakis, also known as \"Dune\". The planet is the only source of the drug melange\u2014also called \"the spice\"\u2014which allows prescience and is vital to space travel, making it the most essential and valuable commodity in the universe. Paul Atreides is the scion and heir of a powerful noble family, whose inheritance of control over Arrakis brings them into conflict with its former overlords, House Harkonnen. Paul is also a candidate for the Kwisatz Haderach, a messianic figure in the Bene Gesserit religion. Besides MacLachlan, the film features a large ensemble cast of supporting actors, including Patrick Stewart, Brad Dourif, Dean Stockwell, Virginia Madsen, Jos\u00e9 Ferrer, Sting, Linda Hunt, and Max von Sydow, among others.\nAfter the novel's initial success, attempts to adapt Dune as a film began in 1971. A lengthy process of development followed throughout the 1970s, during which Arthur P. Jacobs, Alejandro Jodorowsky, and Ridley Scott unsuccessfully tried to bring their visions to the screen. In 1981, executive producer Dino De Laurentiis hired Lynch as director.\nThe film was a box-office failure, grossing $30.9 million from a $40 million budget, and was negatively reviewed by critics, which heavily criticized the screenwriting, lack of faith to the source material, the pacing, direction and editing, although the visual effects, musical score, acting and action sequences were praised. Upon release, Lynch disowned the final film, stating that pressure from both producers and financiers restrained his artistic control and denied him final cut privilege. At least three versions have been released worldwide. In some cuts, Lynch's name is replaced in the credits with the name Alan Smithee, a pseudonym used by directors who wish not to be associated with a film for which they would normally be credited. The extended and television versions additionally credit writer Lynch as Judas Booth. The film has developed a cult following over time, but opinion varies among fans of the novel and fans of Lynch's films.", "Q1773610": "Johan Olof Hjalmar Lundbohm (25 April 1855 \u2013 4 April 1926) was a Swedish geologist and chemist and the first managing director of LKAB (Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag) in Kiruna. He is regarded as the founder of the city.\n\n\t\t\n\n", "Q271793": "Reon Kadena (\u304b\u3067\u306a \u308c\u304a\u3093, Kadena Reon), also known as Leon Kadena or Minamo Kusano, is a Japanese glamour model and actress", "Q39965": "James Pickens Jr. (born October 26, 1954) is an American actor. He is best known for his starring role as Dr. Richard Webber on the ABC medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, and for his supporting role as Deputy Director Alvin Kersh on later seasons of the Fox Network science fiction series The X-Files.\n\n", "Q122373": "Andrea Chiesa (born in Milan, Italy on 6 May 1964) is a former Formula One driver from Switzerland. He participated in 10 Grands Prix, debuting on 1 March 1992.", "Q78939": "Baron Eligius Franz Joseph von M\u00fcnch-Bellinghausen (German: Eligius Franz Joseph Freiherr von M\u00fcnch-Bellinghausen) (2 April 1806 \u2013 22 May 1871) was an Austrian dramatist, poet and novella writer of the Austrian Biedermeier period and beyond, and is more generally known under his pseudonym Friedrich Halm.", "Q303477": "The Big Country is a 1958 American Technicolor epic Western film directed by William Wyler and starring Gregory Peck, Jean Simmons, Carroll Baker, Charlton Heston and Burl Ives filmed in Technirama. The supporting cast features Charles Bickford and Chuck Connors. The picture was based on the serialized magazine novel Ambush at Blanco Canyon by Donald Hamilton and was co-produced by Wyler and Peck. The opening title sequence was created by Saul Bass. The film is one of the very few pictures in which Heston plays a major supporting role instead of the lead.\nIves won the Academy Award as Best Supporting Actor for his performance as well as the Golden Globe Award. The film was also nominated for an Academy Award for the musical score by Jerome Moross.", "Q691490": "Rahat Fateh Ali Khan (Urdu: \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646 ) (born 9 December 1974), is a Pakistani musician, primarily of Qawwali, a devotional music of the Muslim Sufis. He is the nephew of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and son of Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan and also the grandson of Qawwali singer Fateh Ali Khan. In addition to Qawwali, he also performs ghazals and other light music. He is also popular as a playback singer in Bollywood and the Pakistan film industry.", "Q155845": "Chinua Achebe (; born Albert Chin\u1ee5al\u1ee5m\u1ecdg\u1ee5 Achebe, 16 November 1930 \u2013 21 March 2013) was a Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic. His first novel Things Fall Apart (1958), often considered his masterpiece, is the most widely read book in modern African literature.Raised by his parents in the Igbo town of Ogidi in southeastern Nigeria, Achebe excelled at school and won a scholarship to study medicine, but changed his studies to English literature at University College (now the University of Ibadan). He became fascinated with world religions and traditional African cultures, and began writing stories as a university student. After graduation, he worked for the Nigerian Broadcasting Service (NBS) and soon moved to the metropolis of Lagos. He gained worldwide attention for his novel Things Fall Apart in the late 1950s; his later novels include No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), A Man of the People (1966), and Anthills of the Savannah (1987). Achebe wrote his novels in English and defended the use of English, a \"language of colonisers\", in African literature. In 1975, his lecture \"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness\" featured a criticism of Joseph Conrad as \"a thoroughgoing racist\"; it was later published in The Massachusetts Review amid some controversy.\nWhen the region of Biafra broke away from Nigeria in 1967, Achebe became a supporter of Biafran independence and acted as ambassador for the people of the new nation. The civil war that took place over the territory, commonly known as the Nigerian Civil War, ravaged the populace, and as starvation and violence took its toll, he appealed to the people of Europe and the Americas for aid. When the Nigerian government retook the region in 1970, he involved himself in political parties but soon resigned due to frustration over the corruption and elitism he witnessed. He lived in the United States for several years in the 1970s, and returned to the U.S. in 1990, after a car crash left him partially disabled.\nA titled Igbo chief himself, Achebe's novels focus on the traditions of Igbo society, the effect of Christian influences, and the clash of Western and traditional African values during and after the colonial era. His style relies heavily on the Igbo oral tradition, and combines straightforward narration with representations of folk stories, proverbs, and oratory. He also published a large number of short stories, children's books, and essay collections.\nUpon Achebe's return to the United States in 1990, he began an eighteen-year tenure at Bard College as the Charles P. Stevenson Professor of Languages and Literature. From 2009 until his death, he served as David and Marianna Fisher University Professor and Professor of Africana Studies at Brown University.", "Q1928543": "Michael Martin Murphey (born March 14, 1945) is an American singer-songwriter best known for writing and performing Western music, country music and popular music. A multiple Grammy nominee, Murphey has six gold albums, including Cowboy Songs, the first album of cowboy music to achieve gold status since Gunfighter Ballads and Trail Songs by Marty Robbins in 1959. He has recorded the hit singles \"Wildfire\", \"Carolina in the Pines\", \"What's Forever For\", \"A Long Line of Love\", \"What She Wants\", \"Don't Count the Rainy Days\", and \"Maybe This Time\". Murphey is also the author of New Mexico's state ballad, \"The Land of Enchantment\". Murphey has become a prominent musical voice for the Western horseman, rancher, and cowboy.\n\n", "Q85644": "Otto Telschow (27 February 1876, Wittenberge, Brandenburg \u2013 31 May 1945), a German Nazi Party official, was born in Wittenberge and became a police official in Hamburg. Telschow joined the German Social Party in 1905. In 1925 he joined the Nazi Party, and was the founder of the regional Nazi newspaper, the Niedersachsen-St\u00fcrmer. In October 1928, Telschow was appointed Gauleiter (regional party leader) of the Nazi party's regional subsection Gau Eastern Hanover, a post he retained until the end of World War II. Telschow gained more influence after 1935, when the Nazi-party Gaue usurped the functions of the streamlined German states. In 1930 he was elected to the Reichstag for the Ost-Hannover electoral district, and remained a member until 1945. He was taken prisoner by the British Army at L\u00fcneburg and committed suicide in prison by slashing his wrists.", "Q3524823": "Denis John Charles Hill Hill-Wood (25 June 1906 \u2013 5 May 1982) was the chairman of Arsenal Football Club from 1962 until 1982. He was also an English cricketer who played First Class cricket for Oxford University and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in 1928 and Derbyshire in 1928 and 1929.\nHill-Wood was the third son of Sir Samuel Hill-Wood, 1st Baronet, who was chairman of Arsenal for twenty years, as well as a first-class cricketer for Derbyshire. Hill-Wood went to Oxford University and played seven matches for the university in the 1928 season. He then played for MCC in Ireland and made his first-class debut for Derbyshire at the end of the 1928 season when he played three matches. He played one match in the 1929 season.Similarly to his father, Denis became chairman of Arsenal football club in 1962, a job which he held until his death in 1982. A bust of Hill-Wood was commissioned and used to stand inside the Directors' Landing of the East Stand of Arsenal's Highbury stadium, and now stands in the Directors' Entrance of Emirates Stadium after Arsenal's move there.\nDenis had three brothers who also took part in first-class cricket for Derbyshire, the others being Basil Hill-Wood, Wilfred and Charles. Denis's son, Peter, played one first-class match in 1960.\nHill-Wood was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford. During the Second World War he served with the Royal Armoured Corps and was wounded in Libya. With other officers he was awarded the Military Cross in 1943 \"in recognition of gallant and distinguished services in the Middle East\".", "Q67819": "R\u00fcti bei Lyssach is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q2514411": "Wilfrid Guild Normand, Baron Normand, (1884 \u2013 5 October 1962), was a Scottish Unionist Party politician and judge. He was a Scottish law officer at various stages between 1929 and 1935, and a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1931 to 1935. He was Lord President of the Court of Session from 1935 until he became a Law Lord in 1947.", "Q69834": "Johann Bernard Theodor Altum (31 January 1824, M\u00fcnster, Province of Westphalia \u2013 1 February 1900, Eberswalde) was a German Catholic priest, zoologist, and forest scientist.", "Q363383": "Armand Hammer (May 21, 1898 \u2013 December 10, 1990) was an American business manager and owner, most closely associated with Occidental Petroleum, a company he ran from 1957 until his death, though he was known as well for his art collection, his philanthropy, and his close ties to the Soviet Union.\nHammer's business interests around the world and his \"citizen diplomacy\" helped him cultivate a wide network of friends and associates.\nHe appeared frequently on television, commenting on international relations or agitating for research into a cure for cancer. As of 2016, he has been the subject of six biographies\u2014in 1975 (Considine, authorized biography), 1985 (Bryson, coffee table book), Weinberg 1989, Blumay 1992, Epstein 1996, and Alef 2009; and two autobiographies (1932 and a best seller in 1987). His art collection and his philanthropic projects were the subject of numerous publications.", "Q58431": "Jetsun Milarepa (Tibetan: \u0f62\u0f97\u0f7a\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f59\u0f74\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54, Wylie: rje btsun mi la ras pa, 1028/40\u20131111/23) was a Tibetan siddha, who famously was a murderer as a young man then turned to Buddhism to become an accomplished buddhist disciple despite his past. He is generally considered as one of Tibet's most famous yogis and poets, serving as an example for the Buddhist life. He was a student of Marpa Lotsawa, and a major figure in the history of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.", "Q31487": "Krak\u00f3w (, also US: , UK: , Polish: [\u02c8krakuf] (listen)), traditionally known in English as Cracow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Province, the city dates back to the 7th century. Krak\u00f3w was the official capital of Poland until 1596 and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, economic, cultural and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Old Town was declared the first UNESCO World Heritage Site in the world.\nThe city has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second most important city. It began as a hamlet on Wawel Hill and was already being reported as a busy trading centre of Central Europe in 965. With the establishment of new universities and cultural venues at the emergence of the Second Polish Republic in 1918 and throughout the 20th century, Krak\u00f3w reaffirmed its role as a major national academic and artistic centre. The city has a population of about 770,000, with approximately 8 million additional people living within a 100 km (62 mi) radius of its main square.After the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany at the start of World War II, the newly defined Distrikt Krakau (Krak\u00f3w District) became the capital of Germany's General Government. The Jewish population of the city was forced into a walled zone known as the Krak\u00f3w Ghetto, from which they were sent to German extermination camps such as the nearby Auschwitz never to return, and the Nazi concentration camps like P\u0142asz\u00f3w. However, the city was spared from destruction and major bombing.\nIn 1978, Karol Wojty\u0142a, archbishop of Krak\u00f3w, was elevated to the papacy as Pope John Paul II\u2014the first non-Italian pope in 455 years. Also that year, UNESCO approved Krak\u00f3w's entire Old Town and historic centre as its first World Heritage List alongside Quito. Krak\u00f3w is classified as a global city with the ranking of high sufficiency by GaWC. Its extensive cultural heritage across the epochs of Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architecture includes the Wawel Cathedral and the Royal Castle on the banks of the Vistula, the St. Mary's Basilica, Saints Peter and Paul Church and the largest medieval market square in Europe, the Rynek G\u0142\u00f3wny. Krak\u00f3w is home to Jagiellonian University, one of the oldest universities in the world and traditionally Poland's most reputable institution of higher learning.\nIn 2000, Krak\u00f3w was named European Capital of Culture. In 2013, Krak\u00f3w was officially approved as a UNESCO City of Literature. The city hosted the World Youth Day in July 2016.", "Q1512530": "Jonkheer John Hugo Loudon KBE (June 27, 1905 \u2013 February 4, 1996) was the CEO of Royal Dutch Shell from 1952 to 1965 and the president of World Wide Fund for Nature.\n\n", "Q48622": "Esha Deol (born 2 November 1981) is an Indian film actress and model who predominantly appears in Hindi films. The daughter of actor-politicians Dharmendra and Hema Malini, Deol made her debut in Koi Mere Dil Se Poochhe (2002), which earned her awards and nominations including the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut.", "Q211701": "When A Man Falls in the Forest is a 2007 American drama film directed by Ryan Eslinger and starring Dylan Baker, Timothy Hutton, Sharon Stone, and Pruitt Taylor Vince. It premiered in competition at the 2007 Berlin Film Festival where it was nominated for the Golden Bear and later screened at the SXSW Film Festival.\nSmashing Pumpkins leader Billy Corgan contributed three previously unreleased songs to the film's soundtrack: \"Shangra-La\", \"Sky of Blue\", and \"Whisper\".\n\n", "Q348106": "Lasse Lehtinen (born 23 January 1947 in Kotka) is a Finnish politician, former Member of the Finnish Parliament and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP). He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Finland, which is part of the Party of European Socialists, and sat on the European Parliament's Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection.\nHe was also a substitute for the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, vice-chair of the delegation for relations with Canada, and a substitute for the delegation for relations with the countries of South Asia and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.\nHe hosted the Finnish version of the television quiz \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" (Haluatko miljon\u00e4\u00e4riksi?) for years before becoming an MEP.\nHe was awarded the Freedom of the City of London on 21 September 2007. See: City of London news release.", "Q88360": "Christian Buchmann (born September 27, 1962 in Graz) is an Austrian politician (Austrian People's Party) and Member of the Styrian Parliament.", "Q44018": "Odd Sverress\u00f8n Klingenberg (8 June 1871 \u2013 3 November 1944) was the Norwegian barrister and politician for the Conservative Party. He served as the Minister of Social Affairs 1920-1921, 1923 and 1923-1924 in addition to mayor of Trondheim 1911-1916.\nHe was born in Trondhjem as a son of attorney Sverre Olafss\u00f8n Klingenberg (1844\u20131913) and Hilda Johannesdatter Klingenberg (1843\u20131912). He was a brother of Sverre, Olav and Kaare Sverress\u00f8n Klingenberg and a grandson and grandnephew of engineer Johannes Benedictus Klingenberg.", "Q5089762": "Chekiang Province, Republic of China (1912\u20131955) was the former province in the Republic of China administering Zhejiang. It was abolished after the ROC Forces, ROC government officials and local residents were evacuated from Dachen to Taiwan in 1955 following the military defeat of the ROC by People's Republic of China's People's Liberation Army forces during the Battle of Dachen Archipelago.After the Chinese Civil War, the Kuomintang-led Republic of China government lost its control in Mainland China and only held several east coast islands off Mainland Chekiang Province, including Dachen, Yijiangshan, Pishan, Toumenshan, Yushan Island and Nanji. After losing the mainland, the Nationalists used the islands to stage commando raids into Zhejiang, occasionally penetrating as far as the area around Shanghai. The county governments withdrawn to the islands from the mainland included seven counties, namely Wenling, Linhai, Huangyan, Pinyang, Sanmen, Leqing and Yuhuan. Chiang Kai-shek, the late President of the Republic of China, appointed Hu Zongnan, the general of the ROC Armed Forces, to establish the \"Government of Chekiang Province\" on the Dachen Islands on September 1951. Its purpose was to fight against the mainland which was controlled by the Communist Party of China.\nIn 1952, the Chekiang Government reorganized the seven counties into four counties, which were Wenling, Linhai, Pinyang and Yuhuan. Sanmen county was reorganised as \"Yushan Administrative Bureau\", and \"Zhuyu Administrative Bureau\" was also established. These administrative bureaus were originally intended to be used as the \"special region\" for direct economic trading with Mainland China, however they were abolished one year later. In 1953, the Chekiang Government office moved to Taiwan. In 1955, the People's Liberation Army conquered Yijiangshan Island during the Battle of Yijiangshan Islands. The Republic of China evacuated the military garrison and civil residents from Dachen and Nanji to the island of Taiwan with the assistance of the United States Seventh Fleet. The Chekiang Government in Taiwan was abolished soon afterwards, and the People's Republic of China successfully occupied the offshore islands, establishing control over the whole of Zhejiang Province.", "Q156394": "What Women Want is a 2000 American romantic fantasy comedy film written by Josh Goldsmith, Cathy Yuspa, and Diane Drake, directed by Nancy Meyers, and starring Mel Gibson and Helen Hunt. The film earned mixed reviews from critics, but was a box office success, with a North American domestic gross of $182 million and a worldwide gross of $374 million against a budget of $70 million. A loose remake, What Men Want starring Taraji P. Henson and Aldis Hodge came out in early 2019.", "Q918691": "Charles Sherwood Stratton (January 4, 1838 \u2013 July 15, 1883), better known by his stage name \"General Tom Thumb\", was a dwarf who achieved great fame as a performer under circus pioneer P. T. Barnum.", "Q1737734": "Keele University, officially known as the University of Keele, is a public research university in Keele, approximately 3 miles from Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England. Keele was granted university status by Royal Charter in 1962 and was founded in 1949 as the University College of North Staffordshire.Keele occupies a 625-acre (250 ha) rural campus close to the village of Keele and consists of extensive woods, lakes and Keele Hall set in Staffordshire Potteries. It has a science park and a conference centre, making it the largest campus university in the UK. The university's School of Medicine operates the clinical part of its courses from a separate campus at the Royal Stoke University Hospital. The School of Nursing and Midwifery practice is based at the nearby Clinical Education Centre.", "Q440073": "Harvey Lawrence Pekar (; October 8, 1939 \u2013 July 12, 2010) was an American underground comic book writer, music critic, and media personality, best known for his autobiographical American Splendor comic series. In 2003, the series inspired a well-received film adaptation of the same name.\nFrequently described as the \"poet laureate of Cleveland\", Pekar \"helped change the appreciation for, and perceptions of, the graphic novel, the drawn memoir, the autobiographical comic narrative.\" Pekar described his work as \"autobiography written as it's happening. The theme is about staying alive, getting a job, finding a mate, having a place to live, finding a creative outlet. Life is a war of attrition. You have to stay active on all fronts. It's one thing after another. I've tried to control a chaotic universe. And it's a losing battle. But I can't let go. I've tried, but I can't.\"Among the awards given to Pekar for his work were the Inkpot Award, the American Book Award, a Harvey Award, and his posthumous induction into the Eisner Award Hall of Fame.", "Q684923": "James Braddell (born 15 April 1962) is an English musician and film maker, who uses the stage name of Funki Porcini. \"Funki Porcini\" is a twist on \"Funghi Porcini\", the Italian name of the mushroom Boletus edulis, commonly known as \"penny bun\".\nHe spent ten years in Italy making music for film and television. Thereafter, he returned to England. In 1994, he signed to independent record label Ninja Tune and set up his own studio, The Uterus Goldmine.\nFor his fourth album, Fast Asleep, Braddell worked with Team Alcohol (a.k.a. Rupert Small) to produce visual interpretations of eight tracks, which are included on the album's accompanying DVD.\nHe has also recorded as a member of 9 Lazy 9 (a.k.a. 8 Lazy Bastards), under the pseudonym Giacomo Braddellini; and released the EP \"Float On\" (1995), as a member of short-lived band Purr, along with DJ N4Eric (a.k.a. Toona) and Stuart Warren-Hill of Hexstatic. Recently he has been making films and animation and has worked on the scores to two films by Tony Grisoni; Syncing and The Pizza Miracle.", "Q607394": "Richard James Hieb (born September 21, 1955 in Jamestown, North Dakota) is a former NASA astronaut and a veteran of three space shuttle missions. He was a mission specialist on STS-39 and STS-49, and was a payload commander on STS-65. After leaving NASA he worked at AlliedSignal and Orbital before spending 14 years as an executive at Lockheed Martin. He is currently a faculty member in the University of Colorado Boulder Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department.", "Q170435": "Trance is a genre of electronic music that emerged from the British new-age music scene and the early 1990s German techno and hardcore scenes. At the same time trance music was developing in Europe, the genre was also gathering a following in the Indian state of Goa.Trance music is characterized by a tempo lying between 110\u2013150 bpm (BPM), repeating melodic phrases and a musical form that distinctly builds tension and elements throughout a track often culminating in 1 to 2 \"peaks\" or \"drops\". Although trance is a genre of its own, it liberally incorporates influences from other musical styles such as techno, house, pop, chill-out, classical music, tech house, ambient and film music.A trance is a state of hypnotism and heightened consciousness. This is portrayed in trance music by the mixing of layers with distinctly foreshadowed build-up and release. A common characteristic of trance music is a mid-song climax followed by a soft breakdown disposing of beats and percussion entirely, leaving the melody or atmospherics to stand alone for an extended period before gradually building up again. Trance tracks are often lengthy to allow for such progression and commonly have sufficiently sparse opening and closing sections to facilitate mixing by DJs.Trance is mostly instrumental, although vocals can be mixed in: typically they are performed by mezzo-soprano to soprano female soloists, often without a traditional verse/chorus structure. Structured vocal form in trance music forms the basis of the vocal trance subgenre, which has been described as \"grand, soaring, and operatic\" and \"ethereal female leads floating amongst the synths\". However, male singers, such as Jonathan Mendelsohn, are also featured.", "Q495882": "Broye-Vully District (French: District de la Broye-Vully) is a district in Vaud Canton in Switzerland.", "Q91631": "Eberhard Wolfgang M\u00f6ller (January 6, 1906 \u2013 January 1, 1972) was a German dramatist and poet.", "Q2259038": "Louis-\u00c9mile Bertin (23 March 1840 \u2013 22 October 1924) was a French naval engineer, one of the foremost of his time, and a proponent of the \"Jeune \u00c9cole\" philosophy of using light, but powerfully armed warships instead of large battleships.", "Q670108": "Gerald Seymour (born 25 November 1941 in Guildford, Surrey) is a British writer of crime and espionage novels.", "Q62975": "Sharon Vonne Stone (born March 10, 1958) is an American actress, producer, and former fashion model. She is the recipient of a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award, as well as having received nominations for an Academy Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards.\nAfter modelling in television commercials and print advertisements, she made her film debut as an extra in Woody Allen's comedy-drama Stardust Memories (1980). Her first speaking part was in Wes Craven's horror film Deadly Blessing (1981), and throughout the 1980s, Stone went on to appear in films such as Irreconcilable Differences (1984), King Solomon's Mines (1985), Cold Steel (1987), Action Jackson (1988), and Above the Law (1988). She found mainstream prominence with her part in Paul Verhoeven's science fiction action film Total Recall (1990).\nStone became a sex symbol and rose to international recognition when she starred as Catherine Tramell in another Verhoeven film, the erotic thriller Basic Instinct (1992), for which she earned her first Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture \u2013 Drama. She received further critical acclaim with her performance in Martin Scorsese's epic crime drama Casino (1995), garnering the Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress.\nStone received two more Golden Globe Award nominations for her roles in The Mighty (1998) and The Muse (1999). Her other notable film roles include Sliver (1993), The Specialist (1994), The Quick and the Dead (1995), Last Dance (1996), Sphere (1998), Catwoman (2004), Broken Flowers (2005), Alpha Dog (2006), Basic Instinct 2 (2006), Bobby (2006), Lovelace (2013), Fading Gigolo (2013), and The Disaster Artist (2017). In 1995, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and in 2005, she was named Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters in France.\nOn television, Stone has had notable performances in the miniseries War and Remembrance (1987) and the HBO television film If These Walls Could Talk 2 (2000). She made guest appearances in The Practice (2004), winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series, and in Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2010). Stone has also appeared in the series Agent X (2015), Mosaic (2017), and The New Pope (2019).\n\n", "Q97254": "Hans-Martin Tillack (born 1961 in K\u00f6nigs Wusterhausen, near Berlin), is a German reporter, who grew up in Stuttgart.\nHe studied politology and sociology in Marburg and Berlin, worked for five years as reporter for taz before coming to Stern in 1993 \u2013 first in Bonn, from 1999 to 2004 in Brussels, today in Berlin.\nIn 2005, he received the Leipziger Medienpreis for his EU reporting.\nHe was the most efficient in exposing Eurostat scandal, the EU statistical body based in Luxembourg. Working for German news magazine Stern, for months he wrote his successive findings and Stern magazine published his revelations about hidden accounts and fictitious contracts. Until May 16, 2003 when Financial Times headlines revealed \"A vast enterprise for looting community funds\". Two top French managers were removed from office and the whole Eurostat directorate was dismissed. Six separate fraud investigations into Eurostat were required by OLAF, the EU anti-fraud body.\nSubsequently Hans-Martin Tillack was arrested by Belgian police at the instigation of authorities of the European Union, whose bodies he was investigating in relation to allegations of fraud. OLAF suggested that the reporter had bribed EU officials in order to gather documents for an article he published in 2002 on alleged irregularities in OLAF.\nAn action by Belgian police followed that resulted in the journalist being detained by the police for several hours, his home and office being searched, and possessions including 16 boxes of documents, two archive boxes, two computers and four mobile phones being seized.\nIn 2007, the European Court of Human Rights judged that Hans-Martin Tillack's right not to reveal his sources of information had been violated and asked Belgium to pay him \u20ac10,000 for moral damages as well as \u20ac30,000 in costs.\nThe hundreds of pages of seized documents were eventually returned to him in 2008.\nIn January 2009, the Belgian judiciary on Tuesday definitively closed the case brought by the EU anti-fraud office, OLAF, in 2004 against Hans-Martin Tillack.\nAidan White, general secretary of the European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) which supported Mr Tillack throughout the case, argued the need for EU officials to apologise to the journalist.", "Q787594": "Joe McNally (born July 27, 1952) is an American photographer who has been shooting for the National Geographic Society since 1987. He is based out of New York City and resides in Ridgefield, Connecticut.\nHe has won four awards from World Press Photo.", "Q130005": "Edward the Confessor (Old English: \u0112ad\u01bfeard Andettere [\u00e6\u02d0\u0251dw\u00e6\u0251r\u02e0d \u0251ndetere]; Latin: Eduardus Confessor [\u025bd\u028a\u02c8ard\u028as k\u00f5\u02d0\u02c8f\u025bss\u0254r], Ecclesiastical Latin: [edu\u02c8ardus kon\u02c8fessor]; c. 1003 \u2013 5 January 1066), also known as Saint Edward the Confessor, was among the last Anglo-Saxon kings of England. Usually considered the last king of the House of Wessex, he ruled from 1042 to 1066.\nEdward was the son of \u00c6thelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy. He succeeded Cnut the Great's son \u2013 and his own half brother \u2013 Harthacnut. He restored the rule of the House of Wessex after the period of Danish rule since Cnut (better known as Canute) conquered England in 1016. When Edward died in 1066, he was succeeded by Harold Godwinson, who was defeated and killed in the same year by the Normans under William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings. Edgar the \u00c6theling, who was of the House of Wessex, was proclaimed king after the Battle of Hastings in 1066 but never ruled and was deposed after about eight weeks.\nHistorians disagree about Edward's fairly long (24-year) reign. His nickname reflects the traditional image of him as unworldly and pious. Confessor reflects his reputation as a saint who did not suffer martyrdom, as opposed to King Edward the Martyr. Some portray Edward the Confessor's reign as leading to the disintegration of royal power in England and the advance in power of the House of Godwin, because of the infighting that began after his death with no heirs to the throne. Biographers Frank Barlow and Peter Rex, on the other hand, portray Edward as a successful king, one who was energetic, resourceful and sometimes ruthless; they argue that the Norman conquest shortly after his death tarnished his image. However, Richard Mortimer argues that the return of the Godwins from exile in 1052 \"meant the effective end of his exercise of power\", citing Edward's reduced activity as implying \"a withdrawal from affairs\".About a century later, in 1161, Pope Alexander III canonised the king. Saint Edward was one of England's national saints until King Edward III adopted Saint George as the national patron saint in about 1350. Saint Edward's feast day is 13 October, celebrated by both the Church of England and the Catholic Church in England and Wales.", "Q253526": "Mohammed Khairat Saad el-Shater (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0631\u200e, IPA: [m\u00e6\u02c8\u0127\u00e6mm\u00e6d \u02c8x\u00e6j\u027e\u00e6t \u02c8s\u00e6\u0295d e\u0283\u02c8\u0283\u0251\u02d0t\u02e4e\u027e]; born 4 May 1950) is an Egyptian engineer, businessman and Islamist political activist. A leading member of the Muslim Brotherhood, as the Deputy Supreme Guide, el-Shater was the initial candidate of the movement's Freedom and Justice Party during the 2012 Egyptian presidential election before being disqualified by the election commission. Previously, he was the deputy chairman of the Brotherhood.", "Q9759": "Blues is a music genre and musical form which was originated in the Deep South of the United States around the 1870s by African-Americans from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs, and spirituals. Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads. The blues form, ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll, is characterized by the call-and-response pattern, the blues scale and specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues is the most common. Blue notes (or \"worried notes\"), usually thirds, fifths or sevenths flattened in pitch are also an essential part of the sound. Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove.\nBlues as a genre is also characterized by its lyrics, bass lines, and instrumentation. Early traditional blues verses consisted of a single line repeated four times. It was only in the first decades of the 20th century that the most common current structure became standard: the AAB pattern, consisting of a line sung over the four first bars, its repetition over the next four, and then a longer concluding line over the last bars. Early blues frequently took the form of a loose narrative, often relating the racial discrimination and other challenges experienced by African-Americans.\nMany elements, such as the call-and-response format and the use of blue notes, can be traced back to the music of Africa. The origins of the blues are also closely related to the religious music of the Afro-American community, the spirituals. The first appearance of the blues is often dated to after the ending of slavery and, later, the development of juke joints. It is associated with the newly acquired freedom of the former slaves. Chroniclers began to report about blues music at the dawn of the 20th century. The first publication of blues sheet music was in 1908. Blues has since evolved from unaccompanied vocal music and oral traditions of slaves into a wide variety of styles and subgenres. Blues subgenres include country blues, such as Delta blues and Piedmont blues, as well as urban blues styles such as Chicago blues and West Coast blues. World War II marked the transition from acoustic to electric blues and the progressive opening of blues music to a wider audience, especially white listeners. In the 1960s and 1970s, a hybrid form called blues rock developed, which blended blues styles with rock music.", "Q99279": "Johannes \"Hannes\" Ringlstetter (born 2 June 1970 in Munich) is a German kabarettist, comedian, musician, actor, TV presenter and writer of his book \"Bekenntnisse\" (2005) and of several short stories.", "Q281460": "The pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by driving pressurized air (called wind) through the organ pipes selected from a keyboard. Because each pipe produces a single pitch, the pipes are provided in sets called ranks, each of which has a common timbre and volume throughout the keyboard compass. Most organs have many ranks of pipes of differing timbre, pitch, and volume that the player can employ singly or in combination through the use of controls called stops.\nA pipe organ has one or more keyboards (called manuals) played by the hands, and a pedalboard played by the feet; each keyboard controls its own division, or group of stops. The keyboard(s), pedalboard, and stops are housed in the organ's console. The organ's continuous supply of wind allows it to sustain notes for as long as the corresponding keys are pressed, unlike the piano and harpsichord whose sound begins to dissipate immediately after a key is depressed. The smallest portable pipe organs may have only one or two dozen pipes and one manual; the largest may have over 33,000 pipes and seven manuals. A list of some of the most notable and largest pipe organs in the world can be viewed at List of pipe organs. A list consisting the ranking of the largest organs in the world - based on the criterion constructed by Micha\u0142 Szostak, i.e. 'the number of ranks and additional equipment managed from a single console - can be found in 'The Organ' and in 'The Vox Humana'.The origins of the pipe organ can be traced back to the hydraulis in Ancient Greece, in the 3rd century BC, in which the wind supply was created by the weight of displaced water in an airtight container. By the 6th or 7th century AD, bellows were used to supply Byzantine organs with wind. Beginning in the 12th century, the organ began to evolve into a complex instrument capable of producing different timbres. A pipe organ with \"great leaden pipes\" was sent to the West by the Byzantine emperor Constantine V as a gift to Pepin the Short, King of the Franks, in 757. Pepin's son Charlemagne requested a similar organ for his chapel in Aachen in 812, beginning the pipe organ's establishment in Western European church music. In England, \"The first organ of which any detailed record exists was built in Winchester Cathedral in the 10th century. It was a huge machine with 400 pipes, which needed two men to play it and 70 men to blow it, and its sound could be heard throughout the city.\" By the 17th century, most of the sounds available on the modern classical organ had been developed. From that time, the pipe organ was the most complex man-made device \u2014 a distinction it retained until it was displaced by the telephone exchange in the late 19th century.Pipe organs are installed in churches, synagogues, concert halls, schools, other public buildings and in private properties. They are used in the performance of classical music, sacred music, secular music, and popular music. In the early 20th century, pipe organs were installed in theaters to accompany the screening of films during the silent movie era; in municipal auditoria, where orchestral transcriptions were popular; and in the homes of the wealthy. The beginning of the 21st century has seen a resurgence in installations in concert halls. The organ boasts a substantial repertoire, which spans over 500 years.", "Q1305": "Wageningen (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8\u028ba\u02d0\u0263\u0259n\u026a\u014b\u0259(n)] (listen)) is a municipality and a historic town in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. It is famous for Wageningen University, which specialises in life sciences. The municipality had a population of 38,774 in 2019, of which many thousands are students from over 150 countries.", "Q978171": "Daniel H. Pink (born July 23, 1964) is an American author. Four of his books have been featured on the New York Times bestsellers' list. . He was host and co-executive producer of the 2014 National Geographic Channel social science TV series Crowd Control. From 1995 to 1997, he was the chief speechwriter for Vice President Al Gore.", "Q207177": "Victoria Louise Lott (born 12 January 1991) is an English singer, songwriter and actress. Her debut single, \"Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh)\", was released in June 2009 and went straight to number one on the UK Singles Chart. Her second single, \"Boys and Girls\", also topped the UK Singles Chart in September 2009. She made her film debut in the 2010 movie Fred: The Movie, which was based on a real-life YouTube channel created by Lucas Cruikshank.\nLott's debut album, Turn It Up, was released in September 2009. It reached number six on the UK Albums Chart, spawned six consecutive top twenty singles, and sold over 1.5 million copies. Her second album, Young Foolish Happy, was released on 14 November 2011. The lead single, \"All About Tonight\", debuted at the top of the UK Singles Chart, becoming her third UK number-one hit. The album also produced the top ten singles \"What Do You Take Me For?\" and \"Kiss the Stars\". Lott's self-titled third studio album was released on 1 August 2014. Its lead single \"Nasty\" released on 7 March 2014 peaked at number nine on the UK Singles Chart, making it her sixth Top 10 single in the United Kingdom.", "Q490736": "Ri Chun-hee (also romanized as Ri Chun Hee, Ri Chun Hui [\u027ei ts\u02b0un \u00e7i]; born 8 July 1943) is a news presenter for North Korean broadcaster Korean Central Television (KCTV). She is most notable for her characteristic emotional and sometimes vitriolic tone, described as \"passionate\", \"vaguely menacing\", and \"aggressive\".", "Q11455731": "Secret Rendezvous (\u5bc6\u4f1a, Mikkai) is a 1977 novel by K\u014db\u014d Abe.", "Q362089": "Jovan \"Jova\" Jovanovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0408\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \"\u0408\u043e\u0432\u0430\" \u0408\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, pronounced [j\u0254\u030cv\u031ean j\u0254v\u031e\u01ce\u02d0n\u0254v\u031eit\u0361\u0255 zm\u00e2j]; 24 November 1833 \u2013 1 June 1904), also known as \u0408\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0408\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b \u0417\u043c\u0430\u0458 (Jovan Jovanovi\u0107 Zmaj) or \u0417\u043c\u0430\u0458 (Zmaj), was a Serbian poet.\nJovanovi\u0107 worked as a physician; he wrote in many poetry genres, including love, lyric, patriotic, political, and youth, but he remains best known for his children's poetry. His nursery rhymes have entered the Serbian national consciousness and people sing them to their children without knowing who wrote them. Jovanovi\u0107 also translated the works of some of the great poets, such as Russians Lermontov and Pushkin, Germans Goethe and Heine, and the American Longfellow.\nJovanovi\u0107's nickname Zmaj or \u0417\u043c\u0430\u0458 (dragon) derives from the 3 May 1848 assembly.", "Q675070": "San Clemente () is a coastal city in Orange County, California, United States. The population was 63,522 in at the 2010 census. Located on the California Coast, midway between Los Angeles and San Diego, the southernmost city of Orange County is known for its ocean, hill, and mountain views, a pleasant climate and its Spanish colonial-style architecture. San Clemente's city slogan is \"Spanish Village by the Sea\". The official city flower is the bougainvillea, and the official city tree is the coral. San Clemente is also the southernmost city in the Los Angeles metropolitan area.", "Q536683": "Jean Costes (15 August 1900 \u2013 3 April 1983), better known by his pen name Jacques Bordiot, was a French journalist and writer who focused mainly on anti-masonic conspiracy theories.", "Q95443": "Katja Lange-M\u00fcller (born 13 February 1951) is a German writer living in Berlin. Her works include several short stories and novellas, radio dramas, and dramatic works.\nThe daughter of Inge Lange, an East German party functionary, Katja Lange-M\u00fcller was born in Berlin-Lichtenberg. She was expelled from school at the age of 17 for \"unsocialist\" behavior. From an early age, she and her circle of friends were carefully watched by the Stasi. Prevented from attending college, she first learned to be a typesetter, and later worked as a nurse in a psychiatric clinic. At the age of 28, she was accepted to the \"Johannes R. Becher\" Literature Institute in Leipzig, marking the beginning of her career as a writer.", "Q230903": "Alice Braga Moraes (born April 15, 1983) is a Brazilian actress. She has appeared in several Brazilian films, most notably as Ang\u00e9lica in the highly acclaimed City of God (2002) and as Karinna in Lower City (2005).\nShe came to international prominence after appearing opposite Will Smith in I Am Legend (2007) and has since become a familiar face in Hollywood, having appeared in films such as Repo Men (2010), Predators (2010), The Rite (2011), Elysium (2013), and The Shack (2017), based on the eponymous book. She plays the main character Teresa Mendoza in the crime drama-thriller television series Queen of the South (2016\u2013present).", "Q3306173": "Mequitta Ahuja (born 1976) is a contemporary American feminist painter of African American and South Asian descent who lives in Baltimore, Maryland. Ahuja creates works of self-portraiture that combine themes of myth and legend with personal identity.", "Q267683": "Thomas Sprat, FRS (1635 \u2013 20 May 1713) was an English churchman, Bishop of Rochester from 1684.", "Q102909": "Ruth Rehmann (June 1, 1922 \u2013 January 29, 2016) was a German writer.", "Q433089": "Anna Theodora Chancellor (born 27 April 1965) is an English actress. She has received nominations for BAFTA and Olivier Awards.", "Q124070": "Heinrich Glarean (also Glareanus) (28 February or 3 June 1488 \u2013 27 or 28 March 1563) was a Swiss music theorist, poet and humanist. He was born in Mollis (in the canton of Glarus, hence his name) and died in Freiburg.", "Q642804": "Davey J. Williams (1952, York, Alabama \u2013 April 5, 2019) was an American free improvisation and avant-garde music guitarist. In addition to his solo work, he was noted for his membership in Curlew and his collaborations with LaDonna Smith.", "Q258473": "Adam Afriyie (born 4 August 1965) is a British politician and businessman who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Windsor since 2005. He is a member of the Conservative Party.", "Q1329931": "Thomas Rhett Akins Sr. (born October 13, 1969) is an American country music singer and songwriter. Signed to Decca Records between 1994 and 1997, he released two albums for that label (1995's A Thousand Memories and 1996's Somebody New), followed by 1998's What Livin's All About on MCA Nashville. Friday Night in Dixie was released in 2002 on Audium Entertainment. Overall, Akins's albums have accounted for fourteen singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs, including the number one \"Don't Get Me Started\" from 1996.\nAlthough he has not charted a single since 2006, Akins has written singles for other country music singers, primarily as one-third of the songwriting team The Peach Pickers alongside Dallas Davidson and Ben Hayslip. Akins' son, Thomas Rhett, is also a country singer.", "Q172236": "Alan Everest Brown (born in Malton, Yorkshire, 20 November 1919 \u2013 died in Guildford, Surrey, 20 January 2004) was a British racing driver from England. He took up motor racing in a Cooper, later forming the Ecurie Richmond team with Eric Brandon. He participated in 9 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 18 May 1952 and numerous non-Championship Formula One races. He scored two championship points. He was the first driver to score championship points for Cooper and also gave the first Vanwall its race debut.", "Q3274": "Managua (Spanish pronunciation: [ma\u02c8na\u0263wa]) is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and the center of an eponymous department. Located on the southwestern shore of Lake Managua and inside the Managua Department, it has an estimated population 1,042,641 in 2016 within the city's administrative limits and a population of 1,401,687 in the metropolitan area, which additionally includes the municipalities of Ciudad Sandino, El Crucero, Nindir\u00ed, Ticuantepe and Tipitapa.The city was declared the national capital in 1852. Previously, the capital alternated between the cities of Le\u00f3n and Granada. The 1972 Nicaragua earthquake and years of civil war in the 1980s severely disrupted and stunted Managua's growth. It was not until the mid-1990s that Managua began to see a resurgence.Managua's population is composed predominantly of mestizos and whites who are mainly of Spanish descent, with a minority being of French, Jewish Nicaraguan, German Nicaraguan, Italian, Russian, Greek and Turkish descent.", "Q1685186": "Jean-Pierre Castaldi (born 1 October 1944) is a French actor. He is the father of French TV presenter Benjamin Castaldi.", "Q82881": "Metzingen is a Swabian city with about 22,000 inhabitants, in Reutlingen county, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, 30 km (19 mi) south of Stuttgart.", "Q105900": "Erich Fuchs (9 April 1902 \u2013 25 July 1980) was an SS functionary who worked for the Action T4 euthanasia program, and for the Operation Reinhard phase of the Holocaust.Fuchs was charged with war crimes at the Be\u0142\u017cec Trial in 1963-64, for which he was acquitted. As more evidence came to light, Fuchs was rearrested and tried at the Sobibor Trial in Hagen. He was charged with participation in the Holocaust and on 20 December 1966, found guilty of being an accessory to the mass murder of at least 79,000 Jews. Fuchs was sentenced to four years imprisonment.", "Q173": "Alabama () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state.Alabama is nicknamed the Yellowhammer State, after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the \"Heart of Dixie\" and the \"Cotton State\". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham, which has long been the most industrialized city; the largest city by land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. Greater Birmingham is Alabama's largest urban economy, its most populous urban area, and its economic center.From the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many states in the southern U.S., suffered economic hardship, in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture. Similar to other former slave states, Alabamian legislators employed Jim Crow laws to disenfranchise and otherwise discriminate against African Americans from the end of the Reconstruction Era up until at least the 1970s. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature from 1901 to the 1960s. During this time, urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy changed from one primarily based on agriculture to one with diversified interests. The state's economy in the 21st century is based on management, automotive, finance, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.\n\n", "Q1627527": "Carles Bu\u00efgas i Sans (18 January 1898 in Barcelona \u2013 27 August 1979 in Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s) was a Catalan architect, engineer, inventor and author.", "Q1995968": "'Ilya Filippovich Mikhalchuk (Russian: \u0418\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0443\u043a), born 2 January 1957 in Kuybyshev, is a former Russian politician, Head of the East-Siberian Construction Company representing the interests of the SU-155 Group of companies in Siberia.From 2008 to 2012, Governor of Arkhangelsk Oblast; from 1998 to 2007, Mayor of Yakutsk.\n\n", "Q496421": "Crown Prince Yi Gu, the Prince Imperial Hoeun (29 December 1929 \u2013 16 July 2005) was a Korean prince who was head of the Imperial House from 1970 until 2005. He was the grandson of Emperor Gojong I of the Joseon dynasty.", "Q962897": "Alexander Alexandrovich Mikulin (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0301\u043b\u0438\u043d) (February 14 (O.S. February 2), 1895, Vladimir \u2013 May 13, 1985, Moscow) was a Soviet Russian aircraft engine designer and chief designer in the Mikulin OKB. His achievements include the first Soviet liquid-cooled aircraft piston engine, the Mikulin AM-34, and the Mikulin AM-3 turbojet engine for the Soviet Union's first jet airliner, the Tupolev Tu-104. Mikulin also took part in the Tsar Tank project.\n\n", "Q27597": "Fiat Automobiles S.p.A. (UK: , US: ; originally FIAT, Italian: Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino, lit. 'Italian Automobiles Factory, Turin') is an Italian automobile manufacturer, a subsidiary of FCA Italy S.p.A., which is part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (previously Fiat S.p.A.). Fiat Automobiles was formed in January 2007 when Fiat reorganized its automobile business, and traces its history back to 1899 when the first Fiat automobile, the Fiat 4 HP, was produced.\nFiat Automobiles is the largest automobile manufacturer in Italy. During its more than century-long history, it remained the largest automobile manufacturer in Europe and the third in the world after General Motors and Ford for over 20 years, until the car industry crisis in the late 1980s. In 2013, Fiat S.p.A. was the second largest European automaker by volumes produced and the seventh in the world, while currently FCA is the world's eighth-largest auto maker.\nIn 1970, Fiat Automobiles employed more than 100,000 in Italy when its production reached the highest number, 1.4 million cars, in that country. As of 2002, it built more than 1 million vehicles at six plants in Italy and the country accounted for more than a third of the company's revenue. Fiat has also manufactured railway engines, military vehicles, farm tractors, aircraft, and weapons such as the Fiat\u2013Revelli Modello 1914.\nFiat-brand cars are built in several locations around the world. Outside Italy, the largest country of production is Brazil, where the Fiat brand is the market leader. The group also has factories in Argentina, Poland and Mexico (where Fiat-brand vehicles are manufactured at plants owned and operated by FCA US for export to the United States, Brazil, Italy and other markets) and a long history of licensing manufacture of its products in other countries.\nFiat Automobiles has received many international awards for its vehicles, including nine European Car of the Year awards, the most of any other manufacturer, and it ranked many times as the lowest level of CO2 emissions by vehicles sold in Europe.", "Q60804": "Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann (19 December 1916 \u2013 25 March 2010) was a German political scientist. Her most famous contribution is the model of the spiral of silence, detailed in The Spiral of Silence : Public Opinion \u2013 Our Social Skin. The model is an explanation of how perceived public opinion can influence individual opinions or actions.", "Q583038": "The Ostrogothic Kingdom, officially the Kingdom of Italy (Latin: Regnum Italiae), was established by the Ostrogoths in Italy and neighbouring areas from 493 to 553.\nIn Italy the Ostrogoths, led by Theodoric the Great, killed and replaced Odoacer, a Germanic soldier, erstwhile-leader of the foederati in Northern Italy, and the de facto ruler of Italy, who had deposed the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, Romulus Augustulus, in 476. Under Theodoric, its first king, the Ostrogothic kingdom reached its zenith, stretching from modern France in the west into modern Serbia in the southeast. Most of the social institutions of the late Western Roman Empire were preserved during his rule. Theodoric called himself Gothorum Romanorumque rex (\"King of the Goths and Romans\"), demonstrating his desire to be a leader for both peoples.\nStarting in 535, the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire invaded Italy under Justinian I. The Ostrogothic ruler at that time, Witiges, could not defend the kingdom successfully and was finally captured when the capital Ravenna fell. The Ostrogoths rallied around a new leader, Totila, and largely managed to reverse the conquest, but were eventually defeated. The last king of the Ostrogothic Kingdom was Teia.", "Q317370": "Franklin Roberto Lashley (born July 16, 1976) is an American professional wrestler and mixed martial artist. He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the Raw brand under the ring name Bobby Lashley.\nDuring Lashley's first tenure with WWE, he was a two-time ECW World Champion and one-time United States Champion. Lashley is also known for his work in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling/Impact Wrestling, where he was a four-time TNA/Impact World Champion, a one-time X Division Champion, and one-time and final King of the Mountain Champion. After returning to WWE in 2018, Lashley would become a two-time Intercontinental Champion. Between WWE and TNA/Impact, Lashley has won a total of eleven championships, six of those eleven being world championships, and has also headlined multiple pay-per-view events.\n\n", "Q554006": "Csaba Kesj\u00e1r (9 February 1962, Budapest \u2013 24 June 1988 at Norisring, Nuremberg) was a Hungarian racing driver.", "Q1463": "Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (, September 11, 1917 \u2013 September 28, 1989) was a Filipino politician and kleptocrat who was the tenth President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. A leading member of the New Society Movement, he ruled as a dictator under martial law from 1972 until 1981. One of the most controversial leaders of the 20th century, Marcos' rule was infamous for its corruption, extravagance, and brutality.Marcos claimed an active part in World War II, including fighting alongside the Americans in the Bataan Death March and being the \"most decorated war hero in the Philippines\". A number of his claims were found to be false and United States Army documents described Marcos's wartime claims as \"fraudulent\" and \"absurd\".Marcos started as an attorney, then served in the Philippine House of Representatives from 1949 to 1959 and the Philippine Senate from 1959 to 1965. He was elected President in 1965, and presided over a growing economy during the beginning and intermediate portion of his 20-year rule, but ended in loss of livelihood, extreme poverty, and a crushing debt crisis. Marcos placed the Philippines under martial law on September 23, 1972, during which he revamped the constitution, silenced the media, and used violence and oppression against the political opposition, Muslims, communists, and ordinary citizens. Martial law was ratified in 1973 through a fraudulent referendum.After being elected for a third term in the 1981 Philippine presidential election, Marcos's popularity suffered greatly due to public outrage of the assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr. in 1983. The assassination, along with economic collapse, revitalized the opposition, resulting in them securing a better-than-expected victory in the 1984 Philippine parliamentary election. Both of these factors alongside growing discontent and the discovery of documents exposing his finances and falsified war records, led him to call the snap election of 1986. Allegations of mass cheating, political turmoil, and human rights abuses led to the People Power Revolution of February 1986, which removed him from power. To avoid what could have been a military confrontation in Manila between pro- and anti-Marcos troops, Marcos was advised by US President Ronald Reagan through Senator Paul Laxalt to \"cut and cut cleanly\", after which Marcos fled to Hawaii. Marcos was succeeded by Corazon \"Cory\" Aquino, widow of the assassinated opposition leader Senator Benigno \"Ninoy\" Aquino Jr. who had flown back to the Philippines to face Marcos.According to source documents provided by the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG), the Marcos family stole US$5\u201310 billion. The PCGG also maintained that the Marcos family enjoyed a decadent lifestyle, taking away billions of dollars from the Philippines between 1965 and 1986. His wife Imelda Marcos, whose excesses during the couple's conjugal dictatorship made her infamous in her own right, spawned the term \"Imeldific\". Two of their children, Imee Marcos and Ferdinand \"Bongbong\" Marcos Jr., are still active in Philippine politics.\n\n", "Q91143": "Christoph Eichhorn (born 8 September 1957, in Kassel, Germany) is a German television actor and director. He is the son of German actor Werner Eichhorn.", "Q1238828": "Esham Attica Smith (born September 20, 1973), better known by his stage name Esham, is an American rapper from Detroit, Michigan. Emerging as one of the first ever hip-hop artists from Detroit, Esham released his debut studio album, Boomin' Words from Hell in 1989 at the age of 16. Since then, he has gone on to release 15 studio albums in total, and also formed the hip hop/horrorcore group Natas in 1992. He and his brother James Smith founded and ran the biggest-selling independent hip hop label in Detroit, Reel Life Productions, until its closure in 2001.\nAs one of the first rappers to receive attention in the city, Esham is considered to be a pioneer of Detroit hip hop, as well as the hip-hop subgenre horrorcore. His influence eventually fueled the careers of other Detroit hip hop artists such as Kid Rock, and Insane Clown Posse.\nEsham is known for incorporating elements of rock music in his beats, and his lyrics cover a number of subjects, including death, drug use, evil, paranoia and sex. Esham refers to his style of music as \"acid rap\".", "Q715790": "Jakub Karol Parnas, also known as Yakov Oskarovich Parnas (Russian: \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0441) (January 16, 1884 \u2013 January 29, 1949) was a prominent Jewish-Polish\u2013Soviet biochemist who contributed to the discovery of the Embden\u2013Meyerhof\u2013Parnas pathway, together with Otto Fritz Meyerhof and Gustav Georg Embden. He became a Soviet activist after the annexation of Western Ukraine in 1939. He was arrested during the Stalinist Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee affair in 1949 and died in the prison, reportedly of heart attack.", "Q2268597": "The United Province of Central Italy, also known as Confederation of Central Italy or General Government of Central Italy, was a short-lived military government established by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. It was formed by a union of the former Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Duchy of Parma, Duchy of Modena, and the Papal Legations, after their monarchs were ousted by popular revolutions.\nSince August 1859, the pro-Piedmontese regimes of Tuscany, Parma, Modena and the Papal Legations agreed to several military treaties. On 7 November 1859, they elected Eugenio Emanuele di Savoia-Carignano as their regent. However, King Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy, who was allied to France which claimed a counterpart, refused to endorse the election, and sent Carlo Bon Compagni instead as the Governor General of Italy Central, who was responsible for the diplomatic and military affairs of the states.\nOn 8 December 1859, Parma, Modena and the Papal Legations were incorporated into the Provinces Royal of Emilia. After plebiscites were held during March 1860, and France was granted Nice and Savoy, the territory was annexed formally to Piedmont-Sardinia.", "Q215215": "John Clayton Mayer (; born October 16, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter and record producer. Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, Mayer attended Berklee College of Music in Boston, but disenrolled and moved to Atlanta in 1997 with Clay Cook. Together, they formed a short-lived two-man band called Lo-Fi Masters. After their split, Mayer continued to play local clubs, refining his skills and gaining a following. After his appearance at the 2001 South by Southwest Festival, he was signed to Aware Records, and then Columbia Records, which released his first EP, Inside Wants Out. His following two full-length albums\u2014Room for Squares (2001) and Heavier Things (2003)\u2014did well commercially, achieving multi-platinum status. In 2003, he won the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for the single \"Your Body Is a Wonderland\".\nBy 2005, Mayer had moved away from the acoustic music that characterized his early records, and begun performing the blues and rock music that had originally influenced him as a musician. He collaborated with blues artists such as B. B. King, Buddy Guy, and Eric Clapton. Forming the John Mayer Trio, he released a live album in 2005 called Try!, and his third studio album Continuum in 2006. Both albums received critical acclaim, and Continuum earned Mayer a 2007 Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album. He also won Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for \"Waiting on the World to Change\". That album was followed by Battle Studies in 2009, a return to pop, with a Battle Studies World Tour.\nAfter having several controversial incidents with the media, Mayer withdrew from public life in 2010 and began work on his fifth studio album, Born and Raised, which drew inspiration from the 1970s pop music of Laurel Canyon. However, the discovery of a granuloma on his vocal cords delayed the release of the album until May 2012, and forced him to cancel the planned tour. The album received a generally favorable reception, though was less commercially successful than his previous work. Mayer began performing as a singer again in January 2013, and that year released his sixth studio album, Paradise Valley, which incorporates country music influences. By 2014, he had sold a total of over 20 million albums worldwide. His latest album, The Search for Everything, was released in 2017.\nIn 2015 three former members of the Grateful Dead joined with Mayer and two other musicians to form the band Dead & Company. It is the latest of several reunions of the band's surviving members since Jerry Garcia's death in 1995. The band remains active and its tours have been well-received.Mayer's secondary career pursuits extend to television hosting, comedy, and writing; he has authored columns for magazines such as Esquire. He supports various causes and has performed at charity benefits. He is a watch aficionado (with a collection he values in the \"tens of millions\" of dollars), contributing to the watch site Hodinkee, and has been on the jury at the Grand Prix d'Horlogerie de Gen\u00e8ve.", "Q176736": "Piero Chiara (March 23, 1913 \u2013 December 31, 1986) was an Italian writer.\nHe was born in Luino, on Lake Maggiore (northern Italy). His father Eugenio was from Resuttano, Sicily; his mother Virginia Maffei was from Comnago, a Piedmontese village in the municipality of Lesa. Sought by the Fascist militia during World War II, he fled to Switzerland in 1944. He returned to Italy two years later, starting the activity of writer. His most famous work is La stanza del vescovo of 1976, which was turned into a film by Dino Risi soon afterwards.He was married to Jula Sherb of Swiss origin. They had one son Marco Chiara who was married and divorced from Judith Loeb Chiara of the Lehman family. He died in Varese in 1986.\nThe Disappearance of Signora Giulia was the first of his books to be translated into English.\n\n", "Q111975": "Archduke Louis, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia and Prince of Tuscany (Louis Joseph Anton Johann; 13 December 1784 \u2013 21 December 1864), was the 14th child of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, King of Hungary and Bohemia, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain.\nArchduke Louis was born at Florence, Italy. He entered the Austrian Imperial Army at an early age and soon gained the rank of Feldmarschal-Leutnant. From 1807 to 1809, he was general director of the military frontier. In 1809, he was appointed commander of V Armeekorps. In this capacity, he fought at the battles of Abensberg, Landshut, and Ebersberg in April and May, after which he relinquished his command.\nHe also demonstrated his political abilities by representing his brother, Emperor Francis II, on several occasions and was appointed in his brother\u2019s will to be head of the State Conference (from 1836 to 1848) which controlled all government offices on behalf of Emperor Ferdinand I. The Archduke was in favour of Metternich\u2019s politics and supported absolutism.\nHe retired after the revolution of 1848 and lived quietly until his death in Vienna.", "Q928020": "Gary Christopher Fisher (born November 5, 1950) is considered one of the inventors of the modern mountain bike.Fisher started competing in road and track races at age 12. He was suspended in 1968 because race organizers cited a rule that his hair was too long. By 1972 this rule had been repealed and Fisher's career continued. He won the TransAlp race in Europe and a Masters XC national title.\nFisher went to work in 1975 on his 1930s Schwinn Excelsior X bicycle. His innovations to the model included drum brakes, motorcycle brake levers and cables, and triple chainrings, all taken from \"junkers\" Fisher found at bike shops. The next year, Fisher participated in the Repack downhill race, promoted by his roommate Charlie Kelly. This used a tortuous downhill route on Pine Mountain near Fairfax, California, just north of San Francisco, in which riders used their coaster brakes so much that they had to repack the smoking hubs with grease after every run. Fisher holds the record time on the Repack course at 4:22.Gary Fisher speaks about his role as a pioneer in the sport of Mountain Biking in two video documentaries: Full Cycle: A World Odyssey produced by New & Unique Videos (1994) and \"Klunkerz\" produced by Billy Savage (2007). Original clips of Fisher on his mountain bike appear in both documentaries.", "Q596353": "Clarence Leonard \"Kelly\" Johnson (February 27, 1910 \u2013 December 21, 1990) was an American aeronautical and systems engineer. He is recognized for his contributions to a series of important aircraft designs, most notably the Lockheed U-2 and SR-71 Blackbird. Besides the first production aircraft to exceed Mach 3, he also produced the first fighter capable of Mach 2, the United States' first operational jet fighter, as well as the first fighter to exceed 400 mph, and many other contributions to various aircraft. As a member and first team leader of the Lockheed Skunk Works, Johnson worked for more than four decades and is said to have been an \"organizing genius\". He played a leading role in the design of over forty aircraft, including several honored with the prestigious Collier Trophy, acquiring a reputation as one of the most talented and prolific aircraft design engineers in the history of aviation. In 2003, as part of its commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the Wright Brothers' flight, Aviation Week & Space Technology ranked Johnson eighth on its list of the top 100 \"most important, most interesting, and most influential people\" in the first century of aerospace. Hall Hibbard, Johnson's Lockheed boss, referring to Johnson's Swedish ancestry, once remarked to Ben Rich: \"That damned Swede can actually see air.\"", "Q927313": "Denis Robert (born 9 May 1958) is a French investigative journalist, novelist and filmmaker. He formerly worked for 12 years for the newspaper Lib\u00e9ration. In 2008, he was involved in a polemic with Philippe Val, former director of the magazine Charlie Hebdo, and journalist Edwy Plenel.\nRobert's books, films and press interviews, denouncing the opaque workings of the Clearstream clearing house, got him into more than 60 lawsuits in France, Belgium and Luxembourg by banks, such as Menatep (a Russian bank) and BGL (BNP Paribas Fortis), as well as the Clearstream company.\nOn 3 February 2011, after ten years of litigation, Robert was cleared by the Court of Cassation of his conviction for both of his books R\u00e9v\u00e9lation$ and La Boite Noire (The Black Box), and also for his documentary film Les Dissimulateurs.Robert is also a painter, whose work is displayed in Paris art galleries (La Bank, W).\n\n", "Q734986": "Olayinka Herbert Samuel Heelas Badmus Macaulay (14 November 1864 \u2013 7 May 1946) was a Nigerian nationalist, politician, surveyor, engineer, architect, journalist, and musician and is considered by many Nigerians as the founder of Nigerian nationalism.", "Q88412": "Julius Leopold Klein (1810 - 2 August 1876) was a German writer of Jewish origin born at Miskolc, Hungary.", "Q456188": "Muhammad Shahrour (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0631\u200e, 11 April 1938 \u2013 21 December 2019) was a Syrian thinker and author. He was an Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Damascus who wrote extensively about Islam. Shahrour was trained as an engineer in Syria, the former Soviet Union and Ireland.\nHe referred to the book of Prophet Mohammad as \"The Book\", not the Quran; which casts him in direct contradiction with all other Islamic thinkers and traditional scholars. Yet similar to Quraniyoon Muslims, he did not consider Hadith as a divine source; however, he did not belong to the same school as Ahmed Subhy Mansour.", "Q222452": "Vilmos T\u00e1trai (7 October 1912 \u2013 2 February 1999) was a Hungarian classical violinist and the founder of the T\u00e1trai Quartet.", "Q107124": "Johann-Dietrich \"Jan\" W\u00f6rner (German pronunciation: [\u02c8jo\u02d0han \u02c8di\u02d0t\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8v\u0153\u0281n\u0250]), born 18 July 1954 in Kassel, is a German civil engineer, university professor and former president of Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt. He served as chairman of the executive board of the German Aerospace Center DLR from 1 March 2007 to 30 June 2015. On 1 July 2015, he succeeded Jean-Jacques Dordain as Director General of the European Space Agency.\n\n", "Q764182": "Gustave Herv\u00e9 (Brest, January 2, 1871 \u2013 Paris, October 25, 1944) was a French politician. At first, he was a fervent antimilitarist socialist and pacifist, but he later turned to equally zealous ultranationalism, declaring his patriotisme in 1912 when released from 26 months of imprisonment for anti-militarist publishing activities.", "Q824183": "Bernd Scholz-Reiter (born 29 May 1957) is a German business engineer and since 1 September 2012 the rector of the University of Bremen.From 2007 until 2012 he was vice president of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. He is a member of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften.", "Q2571504": "Joseph Patrick \"Joe\" Escalante (born January 30, 1963) is an American television writer, musician, radio host, film and music video director, and former television executive. He is most widely known as the bassist for the punk rock band The Vandals, and former owner of their record label Kung Fu Records, and the host of Joe Escalante, Live from Hollywood, on the Los Angeles/Orange County radio station KEIB 1150AM Sundays 5-7PM PST.", "Q589298": "An editor-in-chief, also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies.The highest ranking editor of a publication may also be titled editor, managing editor, or executive editor, but where these titles are held while someone else is editor-in-chief, the editor-in-chief outranks the others.", "Q1048350": "Cassidy Hugaert Haley is an American singer-songwriter and clothing designer based in Los Angeles.", "Q956501": "Pembroke College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college is the third-oldest college of the university and has over seven hundred students and fellows. Physically, it is one of the university's larger colleges, with buildings from almost every century since its founding, as well as extensive gardens. Its members are termed \"Valencians\".Pembroke has a level of academic performance among the highest of all the Cambridge colleges; in 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2018 Pembroke was placed second in the Tompkins Table.\nPembroke is home to the first chapel designed by Sir Christopher Wren and is one of the six Cambridge colleges to have educated a British prime minister, in Pembroke's case William Pitt the Younger. The college library, with a Victorian neo-gothic clock tower, is endowed with an original copy of the first encyclopaedia to contain printed diagrams.\nThe college's current master is Chris Smith, Baron Smith of Finsbury.", "Q471537": "Djivan Gasparyan (var. Jivan Gasparyan; Armenian: \u054b\u056b\u057e\u0561\u0576 \u0533\u0561\u057d\u057a\u0561\u0580\u0575\u0561\u0576, Armenian pronunciation: [d\u0292i\u02c8v\u0251n \u0261\u0251sp\u0251\u027e\u02c8j\u0251n]; born October 12, 1928) is an Armenian musician and composer. He plays the duduk, a double reed woodwind instrument related to the orchestral oboe. Gasparyan is known as the \"Master of the duduk\".", "Q35178": "Kuwait City (Arabic: \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u200e) is the capital and largest city of Kuwait. Located at the heart of the country on the shore of the Persian Gulf, and containing Kuwait's National Assembly (parliament), most governmental offices, the headquarters of most Kuwaiti corporations and banks, it is the indisputable political, cultural and economical centre of the emirate. It is considered a global city.\nKuwait City's trade and transportation needs are served by Kuwait International Airport, Mina Al-Shuwaik (Shuwaik Port) and Mina Al Ahmadi (Ahmadi Port).", "Q650555": "Kino (Russian: \u041a\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0301, lit. 'cinema, film', IPA: [k\u02b2\u026a\u02c8no]) was a Soviet rock band formed in Leningrad in 1982. The band was co-founded and headed by Viktor Tsoi, who wrote the music and lyrics for almost all of the band's songs. Over the course of eight years, Kino had released over 90 songs spanning over seven studio albums, as well as releasing a few compilations and live albums. The band's music was also widely circulated in the form of bootleg recordings. Viktor Tsoi died in a car accident in 1990. Shortly after his passing, the band broke up after releasing their final album, consisting of songs that Tsoi and the group were working on in the months before his death.", "Q185655": "John Christian Wedge (born March 20, 1957) is an American animated film director, producer, writer, cartoonist and voice actor, whose films include Ice Age (2002), Robots (2005), Epic (2013) and Monster Trucks (2016). He is a co-founder of the animation studio Blue Sky Studios and voiced the character Scrat in the Ice Age franchise.", "Q590911": "Lou Silver Harrison (May 14, 1917 \u2013 February 2, 2003) was an American composer. He was a student of Henry Cowell, and Arnold Schoenberg. He worked with noted Javanese Gamelan musician K. P. H. Notoprojo.\nHarrison is particularly noted for incorporating elements of the music of non-Western cultures into his work, with a number of pieces written for Javanese style gamelan instruments, including ensembles constructed and tuned by Harrison and his partner William Colvig. The majority of his works are written in just intonation rather than the more widespread equal temperament. Harrison is one of the most prominent composers to have worked with microtones.", "Q440932": "Sage Moonblood Stallone (May 5, 1976 \u2013 July 13, 2012) was an American actor, film director, producer, and distributor. He was the elder son of Sylvester Stallone.\n\n", "Q121685": "Hannes Schmidhauser (9 September 1926 \u2013 29 January 2000) was a Swiss actor and footballer.", "Q1488": "Robert Brasillach (French pronunciation: [\u0281\u0254b\u025b\u0281 b\u0281azijak] (listen)) (31 March 1909 \u2013 6 February 1945) was a French author and journalist. Brasillach is best known as the editor of Je suis partout, a nationalist newspaper which came to advocate various fascist movements and supported Jacques Doriot. After the liberation of France in 1944 he was executed following a trial and Charles de Gaulle's express refusal to grant him a pardon. Brasillach was executed for advocating collaborationism, denunciation and incitement to murder. The execution remains a subject of some controversy, because Brasillach was executed for \"intellectual crimes\", rather than military or political actions.", "Q3560720": "Virginie Calmels (born 11 February 1971) is a French businesswoman and politician. She is the former chief executive officer (CEO) of Canal+ and Endemol. She is currently Alain Jupp\u00e9\u2019s deputy in Bordeaux. She is also the regional councillor of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.", "Q34266": "The Russian Empire was an empire that extended across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.The third-largest empire in history, at its greatest extent stretching over three continents, Europe, Asia, and North America, the Russian Empire was surpassed in size only by the British and Mongol empires. The rise of the Russian Empire coincided with the decline of neighboring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, Persia and the Ottoman Empire. It played a major role in 1812\u20131814 in defeating Napoleon's ambitions to control Europe and expanded to the west and south.\nThe House of Romanov ruled the Russian Empire from 1721 until 1762. Its matrilineal branch of patrilineal German descent, the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, ruled from 1762 to the end of the empire. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Russian Empire extended from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea in the south, from the Baltic Sea on the west into Alaska and Northern California in America on the east. With 125.6 million subjects registered by the 1897 census, it had the third-largest population in the world at the time, after Qing China and India. Like all empires, it featured great diversity in terms of economies, ethnicities, languages, and religion. There were many dissident elements that launched numerous rebellions and assassinations over the centuries. In the 19th century, they were closely watched by the imperial secret police, and thousands were exiled to Siberia.\nEconomically, the empire was predominantly agricultural, with low productivity on large estates worked by Russian peasants, known as serfs, who were tied to the land in a feudal arrangement. The serfs were freed in 1861, but the landowning aristocratic class kept control. The economy slowly industrialized with the help of foreign investments in railways and factories. From the 10th through the 17th centuries, the land was ruled by a noble class, the boyars, and subsequently by an emperor.\nTsar Ivan III (1462\u20131505) laid the groundwork for the empire that later emerged. He tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Golden Horde, renovated the Moscow Kremlin, and laid the foundations of the Russian state. Emperor Peter the Great (1682\u20131725) fought numerous wars and expanded an already huge empire into a major European power. He moved the capital from Moscow to the new model city of St. Petersburg, which featured much European design. He led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political mores with a modern, scientific, Europe-oriented, and rationalist system.\nEmpress Catherine the Great (reigned 1762\u20131796) presided over a golden age; she expanded the state by conquest, colonization and diplomacy, continuing Peter the Great's policy of modernization along Western European lines. Emperor Alexander II (1855\u20131881) promoted numerous reforms, most dramatically the emancipation of all 23 million serfs in 1861. His policy in Eastern Europe involved protecting the Orthodox Christians under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. That connection by 1914 led to Russia's entry into the First World War on the side of France, the United Kingdom, and Serbia, against the German, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman empires.\nThe Russian Empire functioned as an absolute monarchy on the ideological doctrine of Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality until the Revolution of 1905, when a de jure constitutional monarchy was established. The empire collapsed during the February Revolution of 1917, largely as a result of massive failures resulting from its participation in the First World War. The imperial family was executed in 1918 by the Bolsheviks, who imprisoned or executed many of the aristocratic class before seizing power, which ultimately resulted in the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.\n\n", "Q101555": "Kerstin Kaiser (born 16 July 1960 in Stralsund) is a German politician for the left wing party The Left.\nFollowing her studies of Russian at the Leningrad University (now the Saint Petersburg State University), she worked as a teacher at the party school of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) (Parteischule beim ZK der SED \"Karl Liebknecht\"). She became an informer for the Stasi already as a student in 1979, under the code name \"Kathrin\". As a Stasi informer, she spied on her fellow students.She became a member of the ruling SED party in 1980, and continued as member of its successor parties, now The Left. She was deputy chair of the party (then known as PDS) from 1991 to 1995, and deputy chair of the state party in Brandenburg from 1995 to 1997. She was elected to the Landtag of Brandenburg in 1999.", "Q24075": "Godzilla is a 1998 American monster film directed by Roland Emmerich, co-written by Emmerich with producer Dean Devlin. A reimagining of Toho's Godzilla franchise, it is the 23rd film in the franchise and the first Godzilla film to be completely produced by a Hollywood studio. The film stars Matthew Broderick, Jean Reno, Maria Pitillo, Hank Azaria, Kevin Dunn, Michael Lerner, and Harry Shearer. The film is dedicated to Tomoyuki Tanaka, the co-creator and producer of various Godzilla films, who died in April 1997. In the film, scientists and the military investigate and battle a giant monster who migrates to New York City to nest its young.\nIn October 1992, TriStar Pictures announced plans to produce a trilogy of Godzilla films. In May 1993, Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio were hired to write the script. In July 1994, Jan de Bont was announced as the director. De Bont left the project in December 1994 due to budget disputes and Emmerich was hired in May 1996 to direct and co-write a new script with producer Dean Devlin. Principal photography began in May 1997 and ended in September 1997.\nGodzilla was theatrically released on May 20, 1998, to negative reviews and grossed $379 million worldwide against a production budget between $130\u2013150 million. While the film turned a profit, it was considered a box-office disappointment. Planned sequels were cancelled and an animated series was produced instead. In 2004, Toho began trademarking new iterations of TriStar's Godzilla as \"Zilla\", with only the incarnations from the 1998 film and animated show retaining the Godzilla copyright/trademark.\n\n", "Q568714": "C\u00e9lestin Lain\u00e9 (1908\u20131983) was a Breton nationalist and collaborator during the Second World War who led the SS affiliated Bezen Perrot militia. His Breton language name is Neven H\u00e9naff. He was a chemical engineer by training. After the war he lived in Ireland.", "Q66246": "Vilters-Wangs is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q115520": "Moritz Leuenberger (born 21 September 1946) is a Swiss politician, lawyer, was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1995 to 2010 and President of the Confederation in 2001 and in 2006.\nLeuenberger was elected to the Federal Council on 27 September 1995 as a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPS/PSS) from the Canton of Z\u00fcrich. From 1991 to 1995, he was a member of the government of the Canton of Zurich.\nSince 1995, Leuenberger has headed the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (Environment and Communications were added to the name of the department in 1998).\nLeuenberger has been married to architect Gret Loewensberg since 2003.\nAt a ceremony in Brussels, the Community of European Railways and Union des Industries Ferroviaires Europ\u00e9ennes presented the 2009 European Railway Awards on 20 January 2009. Leuenberger was presented with the Political Award for his work to build and maintain a sustainable transportation policy.On 9 July 2010 Leuenberger announced he would leave the Federal Council as of 31 December 2010. At this time Hans-Rudolf Merz had been expected to resign as well and there were talks between the two about resigning together. Leuenberger's resignation came as a complete surprise. One month later, on 6 August 2010, Hans-Rudolf Merz also announced his resignation for October. This led to the situation that the parliament would have had to elect a new Federal Councillor both in September and November. To avoid this situation, Leuenberger then announced he would change his resignation to allow for just one election for both new Councillors.", "Q69175": "Eglisau is a municipality in the district of B\u00fclach in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q5836": "Toledo (UK: , US: , Spanish: [to\u02c8le\u00f0o] (listen)) is a city and municipality located in central Spain; it is the capital of the province of Toledo in the autonomous community of Castile\u2013La Mancha. Toledo was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986 for its extensive monumental and cultural heritage.\nToledo is known as the \"Imperial City\" because it was the main venue of the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in Spain, and as the \"City of the Three Cultures\" for the cultural influences of Christians, Muslims, and Jews reflected in its history. It was the capital from 542 to 725 AD of the ancient Visigothic kingdom, which followed the fall of the Roman Empire, and the location of historic events such as the Visigothic Councils of Toledo. The city has a grand Gothic Cathedral, the Catedral Primada de Espa\u00f1a (The Primate Cathedral of Spain), and a long history in the production of bladed weapons, which are now common souvenirs of the city.\nPeople who were born or have lived in Toledo include Brunhilda of Austrasia, Al-Zarqali, Garcilaso de la Vega, Eleanor of Toledo, Alfonso X, Israeli ben Joseph, Halevi, and El Greco. As of 2015, the city had a population of 83,226 and an area of 232.1 km2 (89.6 sq mi).", "Q211098": "Reid Garrett Hoffman CBE (born August 5, 1967) is an American internet entrepreneur, venture capitalist and author. Hoffman was the co-founder and executive chairman of LinkedIn, a business-oriented social network used primarily for professional networking. He is currently a partner at the venture capital firm Greylock Partners. On the Forbes 2019 list of the world's billionaires, Hoffman was ranked #1349 with a net worth of US$1.8 billion.", "Q70424": "Saint-Blaise is a municipality in the district of Neuch\u00e2tel in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland.", "Q1468277": "The Royal Society of Literature (RSL) is a learned society founded in 1820, by King George IV, to \"reward literary merit and excite literary talent\". The society is a cultural tenant at London's Somerset House.", "Q739291": "Fabio Testi (born 2 August 1941) is an Italian film actor. After growing up witnessing film work done around Lake Garda, Testi entered the sets of the film and began work as a stuntman and a double on set, where he worked as a stuntman on The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Testi would continue stunt work and getting roles in low budge genre films until he was cast in Vittorio De Sica's film The Garden of the Finzi-Continis. Following this film, Testi became a star in Italy showing up in some artistic films by Giuseppe Patroni Griffi and Claude Chabrol. Testi would also continue work in genre films showing up in crime films in the 1970s as well as a few gialli. Testi's popularity as an actor slowed down towards the 1980s where he predominantly worked in television series. By the early 2000s, Testi also began showing in reality shows such as L'isola dei famosi.", "Q4353116": "Uppsala old cemetery (Swedish: Uppsala gamla kyrkog\u00e5rd) is a cemetery in Uppsala, Sweden. People buried at this cemetery include:\n\nGreta Arwidsson (1906\u20131998)\nLasse Eriksson (1949\u20132011)\nGustaf Fr\u00f6ding (1860\u20131911)\nDag Hammarskj\u00f6ld (1905\u20131961)\nSalomon Eberhard Henschen (1847\u20131930)\nG\u00f6sta Knutsson (1908\u20131973)\nLotten von Kr\u00e6mer (1828\u20131912)\nBruno Liljefors (1860\u20131939)\nJoachim Daniel Andreas M\u00fcller (1812\u20131857)\nMargit Sahlin (1914\u20132003)\nH\u00e5kan Parkman (1955\u20131988)\nAnders Fredrik Regnell (1807\u20131884)\n Carl Einar Thure af Wirs\u00e9n (1875\u20131946)", "Q60637": "Alexander Kluge (born 14 February 1932) is a German author, philosopher, academic and film director.", "Q433062": "Hoku Ho Clements (born June 10, 1981) is an American singer. She is best known for her 2000 hit single \"Another Dumb Blonde\" from the soundtrack and film Snow Day and the song \"Perfect Day\" from the soundtrack and film Legally Blonde.", "Q914054": "Louis Leon Thurstone (29 May 1887 \u2013 30 September 1955) was a U.S. pioneer in the fields of psychometrics and psychophysics. He conceived the approach to measurement known as the law of comparative judgment, and is well known for his contributions to factor analysis. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Thurstone as the 88th most cited psychologist of the 20th century, tied with John Garcia, James J. Gibson, David Rumelhart, Margaret Floy Washburn, and Robert S. Woodworth.", "Q260107": "The Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik W\u00fcrzburg (University of Music W\u00fcrzburg) was founded in 1797 by Franz Joseph Fr\u00f6hlich as Collegium musicum academicum (Academic college of music). From 1921 to 1973 it was named Bayerisches Staatskonservatorium der Musik (Bavarian State Conservatory of Music). The current name was given on 1 September 1973. It is located in three buildings. Helmut Erb has been president since 1 October 2007. The number of full-time students was about 650 in 2007.", "Q189709": "Star Alliance is the world's largest global airline alliance. Founded on 14 May 1997, its current CEO is Jeffrey Goh and its headquarters is located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. As of April 2018, Star Alliance is the largest of the three global alliances by passenger count with 762.27 million, ahead of both SkyTeam (630 million) and Oneworld (528 million). Its slogan is \"The Way The Earth Connects\".\nStar Alliance's 26 member airlines operate a fleet of approximately 5,033 aircraft, serving more than 1,290 airports in 195 countries on more than 19,000 daily departures. The alliance has a two-tier rewards program, Silver and Gold, with incentives including priority boarding and upgrades. Like other airline alliances, Star Alliance airlines share airport terminals (known as co-location) and many member planes are painted in the alliance's livery.\n\n", "Q132821": "Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human with malice aforethought. This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful homicide, such as manslaughter. Manslaughter is killing committed in the absence of malice, brought about by reasonable provocation, or diminished capacity. Involuntary manslaughter, where it is recognized, is a killing that lacks all but the most attenuated guilty intent, recklessness.\nMost societies consider murder to be an extremely serious crime, and thus that a person convicted of murder should receive harsh punishments for the purposes of retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, or incapacitation. In most countries, a person convicted of murder generally faces a long-term prison sentence, possibly a life sentence; and in a few, the death penalty may be imposed.", "Q258498": "Wendy Orlean Williams (May 28, 1949 \u2013 April 6, 1998) was an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Born in Webster, New York, she came to prominence as the lead singer of the punk rock band Plasmatics. Her onstage theatrics included partial nudity, exploding equipment, firing a shotgun, and chainsawing guitars. Dubbed the \"Queen of Shock Rock\" and the \"Metal Priestess\", Williams was considered the most controversial and radical female singer of her time. Performing her own stunts in videos, she often sported a mohawk hairstyle. In 1985, during the height of her popularity as a solo artist, she was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance.\nLeaving home at 16, Williams hitchhiked to Colorado, earning money by crocheting string bikinis. She travelled to Florida and Europe landing various jobs such as lifeguard, stripper, macrobiotic cook, and server at Dunkin' Donuts. After arriving in New York City in 1976, she began performing in live sex shows, and in 1979 appeared in the porno Candy Goes to Hollywood. That year manager Rod Swenson recruited her to the Plasmatics and the two became romantically involved. The band quickly became known on the local underground scene, performing at clubs such as CBGB.\nThree albums with Plasmatics later, Williams embarked on a solo career and released her debut album, WOW, in 1984. Albums Kommander of Kaos (1986) and Deffest! and Baddest! (1988) followed, before her retirement from the music industry. Williams made her non-adult screen debut in Tom DeSimone's film Reform School Girls (1986), for which she recorded the title song. She also appeared in the 1989 comedy Pucker Up and Bark Like a Dog, television series The New Adventures of Beans Baxter, and MacGyver. On 6 April 1998, Williams committed suicide near her home in Storrs, Connecticut by gunshot. She had attempted to kill herself twice in the years leading up to her death; allegedly she had also been struggling with deep depression.", "Q3275604": "Minoru Shirota (\u4ee3\u7530 \u7a14, Shirota Minoru, April 23, 1899 \u2013 March 10, 1982) was a Japanese microbiologist. In the 1920s Shirota identified a strain of lactic acid bacteria that is part of normal gut flora that he originally called Lactobacillus casei Shirota; it appeared to help contain the growth of harmful bacteria in the gut. The strain was later reclassified as being Lactobacillus paracasei Shirota.He founded the company Yakult Honsha in 1935 to sell beverages containing the strain, branded Yakult.He died in Tokyo, Japan in 1982.", "Q386496": "The Kingdom of Montenegro (Serbian: \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0459\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0426\u0440\u043da \u0413\u043e\u0440a / Kraljevina Crna Gora) was a monarchy in southeastern Europe, present-day Montenegro, during the tumultuous years on the Balkan Peninsula leading up to and during World War I. Legally it was a constitutional monarchy, but absolutist in practice. On 28 November 1918, following the end of World War I, with the Montenegrin government still in exile, the Podgorica Assembly proclaimed unification with the Kingdom of Serbia which itself was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes three days later, on 1 December 1918. This unification with Serbia would last, through various successor states, for almost 88 years, until finally coming to an end in 2006.", "Q11970": "Carlos Gregorio D\u00e1vila Espinoza (September 15, 1887 \u2013 October 19, 1955), was a Chilean political figure, journalist, Chairman of Government Junta of Chile in 1932, and Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 1954 until his death in 1955.", "Q269645": "Douglas Davis, better known by his stage name Doug E. Fresh (born September 17, 1966), is a Barbadian-American rapper, record producer and beatboxer, also known as the \"Human Beat Box\". The pioneer of 20th-century American beatboxing, Fresh is able to accurately imitate drum machines and various special effects using only his mouth, lips, gums, throat, tongue and a microphone.", "Q536668": "Jing Zhao (simplified Chinese: \u8d75\u9759; traditional Chinese: \u8d99\u975c; pinyin: Zh\u00e0o J\u00ecng, born 1975), also known by his pen name Michael Anti, is a Chinese journalist and political blogger, recognized for his posts about freedom of the press in China. He has been described in mid-2000s as \"at one time perhaps the most famous political blogger on China's Internet.\".", "Q826": "The Maldives (, US: (listen); Dhivehi: \u078b\u07a8\u0788\u07ac\u0780\u07a8\u0783\u07a7\u0787\u07b0\u0796\u07ac Dhivehi Raajje), officially the Republic of Maldives, is a small island nation in South Asia, located in the Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean. It lies southwest of Sri Lanka and India, about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) from the Asian continent. The chain of 26 atolls stretches from Ihavandhippolhu Atoll in the north to Addu Atoll in the south to the equator. Comprising a territory spanning roughly 298 square kilometres (115 sq mi), the Maldives is one of the world's most geographically dispersed sovereign states as well as the smallest Asian country by land area and population, with around 515,696 inhabitants. Mal\u00e9 is the capital and the most populated city, traditionally called the \"King's Island\" where the ancient royal dynasties ruled for its central location.The Maldives archipelago is located on the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge, a vast submarine mountain range in the Indian Ocean; this also forms a terrestrial ecoregion, together with the Chagos Archipelago and Lakshadweep. With an average ground-level elevation of 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) above sea level, it is the world's lowest-lying country, with even its highest natural point being one of the lowest in the world, at 5.1 metres (17 ft).In the 12th century Islam reached the Maldivian archipelago, which was consolidated as a sultanate, developing strong commercial and cultural ties with Asia and Africa. From the mid-16th-century the region came under the increasing influence of European colonial powers, with the Maldives becoming a British protectorate in 1887. Independence from the United Kingdom came in 1965, and a presidential republic was established in 1968 with an elected People's Majlis. The ensuing decades have seen political instability, efforts at democratic reform, and environmental challenges posed by climate change.The Maldives became a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It is also a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the Non-Aligned Movement. The World Bank classifies the Maldives as having an upper-middle income economy. Fishing has historically been the dominant economic activity, and remains the largest sector by far, followed by the rapidly growing tourism industry. The Maldives rate \"high\" on the Human Development Index, with per-capita income significantly higher than other SAARC nations.The Maldives was a member of the Commonwealth from July 1982 until withdrawing from the organisation in October 2016 in protest at allegations by the other nations of its human-rights abuses and failing democracy.\nThe Maldives rejoined the Commonwealth on 1 February 2020 after showing evidence of functioning democratic processes and popular support.", "Q746323": "Lifted is a 2006 Pixar computer-animated short science fiction film directed by Gary Rydstrom. This is the directorial debut of Rydstrom, a seven-time Academy Award-winning sound editor and mixer, and the first produced by Katherine Sarafian, who went on to produce Pixar's Brave released in 2012.\nThe short premiered on October 12, 2006, at the 42nd Chicago International Film Festival at Columbia College, and was released theatrically and on home media with Pixar's Ratatouille on June 29, 2007.", "Q62746": "Soldier of Orange (Dutch: Soldaat van Oranje, IPA: [s\u0254l\u02c8da\u02d0t f\u0251n o\u02c8r\u0251\u0272\u0259]) is a 1977 Dutch film directed and co-written by Paul Verhoeven and produced by Rob Houwer, starring Rutger Hauer and Jeroen Krabb\u00e9. The film is set around the German occupation of the Netherlands during World War II, and shows how individual students have different roles in the war. The story is based on the autobiographical book Soldaat van Oranje by Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema.\nThe film had a budget of \u0192 5,000,000 (\u20ac2,300,000), at the time the most expensive Dutch movie ever. With 1,547,183 viewers, it was the most popular Dutch film of 1977. The film received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Foreign Language Film in 1980. At the 1999 Netherlands Film Festival, it was voted the second-best Dutch film of the twentieth century.\nThe film was released under the name Survival Run in the U.K.", "Q99292": "Hauke Jagau (born 1961 in Hanover, Germany) is a German politician (SPD).", "Q234556": "Brooke Ellen Bollea (born May 5, 1988), better known by her stage name Brooke Hogan, is an American reality television star, actress, singer-songwriter, media personality, and former on-screen personality for Impact Wrestling. She is the daughter of professional wrestler Hulk Hogan and television personality Linda Hogan. Brooke took an early interest in music, and began working on her first studio album in 2002. In an attempt to promote her music career, Hogan and her father appeared in a one-hour special on VH1. The special proved to be a ratings success, leading to Hogan and her family starring in the reality television series Hogan Knows Best (2005\u201307). The show saw a then teenage Brooke struggling with her overprotective father and recording her debut album. Her first studio album, Undiscovered, was released in 2006. It was preceded by the single \"About Us\", which entered the top-forty of the Billboard Hot 100 chart.\nWhile Hogan began working on her second album, personal struggles among her family led to the cancellation of Hogan Knows Best. This led to Hogan starring in her own television series, Brooke Knows Best (2008\u201309). Though her parents and brother made numerous appearances throughout the series, it mainly focused on Brooke and the recording of her new music. Hogan's second studio album, The Redemption (2009), failed to match the success of its predecessor. The album spawned two singles, neither of which had much success. Following the conclusion of Brooke Knows Best, Hogan pursued a career in acting, making numerous appearances in low budget films and television shows. In 2012, Hogan signed on to appear on Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), alongside her father. She was released from the series after a year on the program. Hogan starred in the satire film L.A. Slasher (2015), and is working on a new extended play consisting of country music.", "Q599935": "The National board of the CDU (German: CDU-Bundesvorstand, literally: CDU federal board) is the highest permanent body of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany. The board meets at least 6 times a year. The daily affairs of the party is the responsibility of the CDU presidium.\nThe board consists of the CDU chair, the Secretary General, the four deputy chairs, the treasurer, the honorary chairs, seven elected members of the presidium and 26 elected board members. It also consists of the Chancellor of Germany, the President or Vice President of the Bundestag, the chair of the CDU/CSU faction, the President of the European Parliament and the chair of the European People's Party if these are CDU members. Additionally, the chairs of the CDU state parties are board members.", "Q89081": "Berthold Leibinger (26 November 1930 \u2013 16 October 2018) was a German mechanical engineer, businessman, and philanthropist. He was the head of the German company Trumpf, a leader in laser technology, and founder of the non-profit foundation Berthold Leibinger Stiftung. He served on the advisory board of major companies and was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Stuttgart.", "Q2782346": "Saint-Petersburg State Forestry University (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0442 \u0438\u043c. \u0421. \u041c. \u041a\u0438\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 (\u0421\u041f\u0431\u0413\u041b\u0422\u0423) (also known under its former name \u041b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \"Forestry academy\", Rus. abbrev. \u041b\u0422\u0410 (LTA)) is a higher education institution in Saint Petersburg, Russia, founded in 1803 by an edict of Emperor Alexander I.\nSaint-Petersburg State Forestry University is a state-owned higher education institution, giving undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate education; it trains, retrains, and provides professional development for, people with degrees for industry work, research and teaching in the field of forest management, timber industry, wood mechanical processing, forest chemical industry, wood-pulp and paper industry, hydrolysis industry; it carries out theoretical and applied research. The University is a leading science and methodology center for the network of forestry degree colleges of Russia.", "Q890426": "Bogdan Adam Klich ['b\u0254\u0261dan kl\u02b2ix] (listen) (born on 8 May 1960 in Krak\u00f3w) is a former Minister of National Defence of Poland. Bogdan Klich was interned in 1981 during the martial law set by the communist regime. Until 16 November 2007 he was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Lesser Poland Voivodeship & Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship with the Civic Platform, part of the European People's Party and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs. Senator since November 2011. \nLecturer at the Department of European Studies of the Jagiellonian University since 2002. Lecturer at the Cracow University of Economics since the academic year 2013/2014. Author of numerous publications concerning foreign policy and international security.\n\n", "Q7947": "Pushkin (Russian: \u041f\u0443\u0301\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d) is a municipal town in Pushkinsky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia, located 24 kilometers (15 mi) south from the center of St. Petersburg proper, and its railway station, Tsarskoye Selo, is directly connected by railway to the Vitebsky Rail Terminal of the city. Population: 92,889\u2009(2010 Census).Pushkin was founded in 1710 as an imperial residence named Tsarskoye Selo (Russian: \u0426\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0421\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0301, \"Tsar's Village\") and received status of a town in 1808. The first public railways in Russia, Tsarskoye Selo Railways, were opened here in 1837 and connected the town to the capital St. Petersburg. After the October Revolution, the town was renamed to Detskoye Selo (Russian: \u0414\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0421\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0301, \"Children's Village\"). Its name was further changed in 1937 to Pushkin to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the death of the Russian poet Alexander Pushkin. The town contains an ensemble of the 18th century \"Tsarskoye Selo\". This museum complex includes the Catherine Palace, Alexander Palace and other buildings and associated parks; it is a major tourist attraction of the area and is included in the list of monuments protected by the UNESCO.", "Q65029": "Egnach is a municipality of the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q43950": "Jacob Artist (born October 17, 1992 is an American actor, singer, and dancer. He is best known for his roles as Jake Puckerman on the Fox musical comedy-drama series Glee and as Brandon Fletcher on the ABC drama-thriller series Quantico.", "Q4407708": "Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University \"LETI\" (ETU, ETU \"LETI\", Russian: \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u041b\u042d\u0422\u0418\u00bb \u0438\u043c. \u0412.\u0418. \u0423\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 (\u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430), \u0421\u041f\u0431\u0413\u042d\u0422\u0423 \u00ab\u041b\u042d\u0422\u0418\u00bb) is one of the oldest Russian higher education institutions.\nIt was founded in 1886 as a Technical College. LETI, as it is popularly called, received the status of a higher education institution in 1899 and became known as Electrotechnical Institute. ETU was the first higher educational institution in Europe to specialize in electrical engineering. In August 2016 ETU \u201cLETI\u201d became the part of the Project 5-100, a Russian academic excellence program.\nThe University has training programs in fields of radio engineering, telecommunications, control processes, computer engineering and IT, electronics, biomedical engineering, management, and linguistics.", "Q118762": "Samuel Haberstich (born in Ried, near Schlosswyl, 21 October 1821; died in Bern, 20 February 1872) was a Swiss poet and story writer, known mostly by his pseudonym, Arthur Bitter. He wrote novelettes, stories and poems for many years, all characterized by sympathy of tone and inoffensive realism, Tales, Romances and Poems (German: Erz\u00e4hlungen, Novellen und Gedichte, 4 vols., 1865\u201366) being the most pleasing.", "Q63458": "Theodor N\u00f6ldeke (born March 2, 1836 in Harburg, (Hamburg today), died December 25, 1930 in Karlsruhe) was a German orientalist and scholar. His research interests ranged over Old Testament studies, Semitic languages and Arabic, Persian and Syriac literature. N\u00f6ldeke translated several important works of oriental literature and during his lifetime was considered an important orientalist. He wrote numerous studies (including on the Qur\u2019\u0101n) and contributed articles to the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. \nAmong the projects N\u00f6ldeke collaborated on was Michael Jan de Goeje\u2019s published edition of al-Tabari's Tarikh (\"Universal History\"), for which he translated the Sassanid-era section. This translation remains of great value, particularly for the extensive supplementary commentary.\nHis numerous students included Charles Cutler Torrey, Louis Ginzberg and Friedrich Zacharias Schwally. He entrusted Schwally with the continuation of his standard work \"The History of the Qur\u2019\u0101n\".\n\n", "Q360675": "Amos Poe is an American New York City-based director and screenwriter, described by The New York Times as a \"pioneering indie filmmaker.\"\n\n", "Q666959": "Oberwald is a village in the municipality of Obergoms in Goms District in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.\nIt is situated at an elevation of 1,377 m and had a population of 277 in December 2007. It is located at the end of the Goms, directly before the Furka and Grimsel passes, underneath the Rh\u00f4ne River source at the Rh\u00f4ne Glacier. It is also the startpoint of the Furka Tunnel. Most inhabitants live off tourism or sheep farming.\nOberwald was an independent municipality until January 1, 2009, when it merged with Ulrichen and Obergesteln to form the municipality of Obergoms.", "Q14808": "Oranienburg is a town in Brandenburg, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Oberhavel.", "Q108571": "Hugo Ruf (1925\u20131999) was an influential German harpsichordist, music pedagogue and a pioneer of early music revival in Germany. He is noted in particular for his recordings of music by Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach. He was instrumental (along with the conductor Helmuth Koch) in the 20th century revival of C.P.E.Bach's music.", "Q43788": "Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the seat of Dane County. As of July 1, 2018, Madison's estimated population of 258,054 made it the second-largest city in Wisconsin by population, after Milwaukee, and the 81st-largest in the United States. The city forms the core of the Madison Metropolitan Area which includes Dane County and neighboring Iowa, Green, and Columbia counties for a population of 654,230.\nLocated on an isthmus and lands surrounding four lakes-Lake Mendota, Lake Monona, Lake Kegonsa and Lake Waubesa-the city is home to the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, the Wisconsin State Capitol, Henry Vilas Zoo, lakes, and an extensive network of parks and bike trails. Madison has historically been a center for progressive political activity, protests, and demonstrations. The presence of the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison (the largest employer in the state) as well as other educational institutions has a significant impact on the economy, culture, and demographics of Madison.Madison is a growing technology economy and the region is home to the headquarters of Epic Systems, American Family Insurance, Exact Sciences, Promega, American Girl, Sub-Zero, Lands' End, a regional office for Google, the University Research Park, as well as many biotech and health systems startups. A 2018 report ranked Madison 14th among the top fifteen cities worldwide for venture capital deals per capita.Madison, which is named for US Founding Father James Madison, is home to eight National Historic Landmarks, including one UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "Q73887": "Theodore Haak (Neuhausen 1605 \u2013 London 1690) was a German Calvinist scholar, resident in England in later life. Haak's communications abilities and interests in the new science provided the backdrop for convening the \"1645 Group\", a precursor of the Royal Society.Although not himself known as a natural philosopher, Haak's engagement with others facilitated the expansion and diffusion of the \u201cnew science\u201d throughout Europe. Haak's language skills were used in translation and interpretation and his personal correspondence with the natural philosophers and theologians of the day, including Marin Mersenne and Johann Amos Comenius; he facilitated introductions and further collaborations. Beginning in 1645 he worked as a translator on the Dutch Annotations Upon the Whole Bible (1657). The first German translation of John Milton's Paradise Lost is perhaps his best known single work.", "Q205947": "Claudius Claudianus, usually known in English as Claudian (; c. 370 \u2013 c. 404 AD), was a Latin poet associated with the court of the emperor Honorius at Mediolanum (Milan), and particularly with the general Stilicho. His work, written almost entirely in hexameters or elegiac couplets, falls into three main categories: poems for Honorius, poems for Stilicho, and mythological epic.", "Q575989": "Cheikh N'Digel L\u00f4 (born 12 September 1955) is a Senegalese musician.", "Q62752": "Georg Calixtus, Kallis\u00f8n/Kallis\u00f6n, or Callisen (14 December 1586 \u2013 19 March 1656) was a German Lutheran theologian who looked to reconcile all Christendom by removing all unimportant differences.", "Q183556": "Nasri Maalouf (Arabic: \u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u200e) (May 7, 1911 \u2013 April 2, 2005) was a Lebanese politician. He was a Melkite Greek Catholic, and was known as a moderate and peacemaker in Lebanese politics.\nNasri Maalouf was also a prominent lawyer, with one of his most important (and mediatized) cases the one involving the prosecution of Cheikh Nizar Halabi's assassination\nMaalouf was born in al-Mashrah, Beirut, Lebanon. He was educated in Syria. He was a signer of the Lebanese constitution and the Taif Accord. He was a long-time member of parliament from Beirut- first elected in 1968 alongside Michel Sassine- and served in the cabinet several times, including as foreign minister for a few months in 1992, as well as Defense Minister and Minister of Justice. Shortly before his death, he was appointed to be a member of a council of elders which supervised parliamentary elections in June 2005.", "Q111034": "Wil R\u00f6ttgen (born September 20, 1966) is a German actor.", "Q786675": "Tom Rune Anderson (born 18 October 1976), also known by his stage name Galder, is a Norwegian guitarist, and vocalist. He is from the small town of Jessheim, north of Oslo. He is a founding member of the melodic black metal band Old Man's Child as well as the lead guitarist in Dimmu Borgir. In 1993, under the stage name Grusom, he, Jardar and Tjodalv created Old Man's Child. On Old Man's Child albums, he has performed vocal work, guitars, bass, and keyboards, though with a full line-up his primary instruments are guitar and keyboards, as well as vocals. He joined Dimmu Borgir in 2000 but has kept Old Man's Child alive.Galder has also worked with other Norwegian bands such as D\u00f8dheimsgard. Member of D\u00f8dheimsgard, Aldrahn, wrote some of the lyrics for Old Man's Child demo album In the Shades of Life. He has two sons, Alex and Kevin, who could be read on the credits of Slaves of the World.", "Q4406402": "Samara State Technical University (Samara Polytech) - Is a higher educational institution in Samara, Russia.", "Q72541": "Eduardo Mendoza Garriga (born 11 January 1943 in Barcelona, Spain) is a Spanish novelist. He studied law in the first half of the 1960s and lived in New York City between 1973 and 1982, working as interpreter for the United Nations, and then tried to become a lawyer and then he realized that he wanted to be a writer. He maintained an intense relationship with novelists Juan Benet and Juan Garc\u00eda Hortelano, poet Pere Gimferrer and writer (and neighbour) F\u00e9lix de Az\u00faa. He currently lives in London.\nIn 1975 he published his very successful first novel, La Verdad sobre el Caso Savolta (The Truth About the Savolta Case), where he shows his ability to use different resources and styles. The novel is considered a precursor to the social change in the Spanish post-Franco society and the first novel of the transition to democracy. He describes the union fights at the beginning of the 20th century, showing the social, cultural and economic conditions of workers in Barcelona by that time. A year later he was awarded the Critics Prize. His most acclaimed novel is probably La Ciudad de los Prodigios (The City of Marvels, 1986), about the social and urban evolution of Barcelona between the Universal Expositions of 1888 and 1929. It was film adapted by Mario Camus in 1999. In 1992, he published the novel, El A\u00f1o del Diluvio (The Year of the Flood), which tells of the inner conflicts faced by Sister Consuelo after she meets and falls in love with Augusto Aixel\u00e2, with very evocative descriptions of the post-civil war prevailing deprivations in Spain by that time. In 1996, he published his third major Barcelona-related novel, this time set in the 1940s, Una Comedia Ligera (A Light Comedy).\nAlso within Mendoza's work stands the saga of the mad detective, a peculiar character, a nameless accidental-detective locked up in a mental hospital. The first of these novels, El Misterio de la Cripta Embrujada (The Mystery of the Enchanted Crypt, 1979) is a parody with hilarious moments mixing hard-boiled genre with Gothic narrative. In the second novel of the saga, El Laberinto de las Aceitunas (The Olive Labyrinth, 1982), Mendoza confirms his talent as parodist; the novel stands as one of his most successful works. The third novel of the saga, La Aventura del Tocador de Se\u00f1oras (The Adventure of the Ladies' Dressing Table), and the fourth one, El Enredo de la Bolsa y la Vida (The Money and the Life Muddle), were published in 2001 and 2012, respectively. The 5th novel was released in 2015 under the title of El Secreto de la Modelo Extraviada (The Secret of the Missing Model) with great success.The Spanish newspaper El Pa\u00eds published two of his novels in instalments, Sin Noticias de Gurb (No Word from Gurb, 1990) and El \u00daltimo Trayecto de Horacio Dos (The Last Journey of Horatio Dos, 2001), both of them science fiction comedy novels.\nIn 1993 appeared his first play, Restauraci\u00f3 (Restoration), written in Catalan and later translated into Spanish by Mendoza himself. This first theatrical piece was followed by two other titles that the three of them were published together in 2017.\nIn October 2010, he won the literary award Premio Planeta for his novel Ri\u00f1a de Gatos. Madrid, 1936 (An Englishman in Madrid). In December 2013, he won the European Book Prize (fiction) also for An Englishman in Madrid. Later on, in June 2015, he received the Franz Kafka Prize, the first Spanish writer to win it. In 2016 he was awarded the Premio Cervantes, the current most prestigious prize for Spanish-written literature. 2018 saw the launch of the novel El Rey Recibe (The King Receives), the first book in the Three Laws of Motion trilogy, which explores the major developments of the second half of the 20th century.\nEduardo Mendoza's narrative studies divides his work into serious or major novels, and humorous or minor ones. Although recent studies have shown the seriousness, criticism and transcendence in his parodic novels, as well as the humor presents in his serious ones, due to the influence of the characteristics of the postmodern novel.Eduardo Mendoza is considered among the most important Spanish living writers, alongside novelists like Arturo P\u00e9rez-Reverte and Andr\u00e9s Pascual, all of them included in the so-called Spanish New Narrative.", "Q456822": "Forever Amber is a 1947 American romantic drama Technicolor film starring Linda Darnell and Cornel Wilde. It was based on the book of the same name by Kathleen Winsor. It also starred Richard Greene, George Sanders, Glenn Langan, Richard Haydn, and Jessica Tandy.\nThe film was adapted by Jerome Cady, Philip Dunne and Ring Lardner Jr., and directed by Otto Preminger, who replaced original director John M. Stahl after 39 days of filming and $300,000 of production. The movie was originally budgeted at $4.5 million.The Hays Office had condemned the novel, but within a month of its publication the movie rights had been purchased by 20th Century Fox. The film on its release was initially condemned by the National Legion of Decency.In 1947, Darnell won the starring role in the highly anticipated film adaptation when the original star, newcomer Peggy Cummins, proved too inexperienced for the role. The character Amber in the novel was so called because of her eye color. Publicity at the time compared the novel Forever Amber to Gone with the Wind. The search for the actress to portray Amber, a beauty who uses men to make her fortune in 17th-century England, was modeled on the extensive process that led to the casting of Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara.\nThe film's score, by composer David Raksin, was nominated for the Oscar for Best Original Music Score.", "Q43944": "Hamid Karzai (Pashto/Dari: \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u200e; born 24 December 1957) is an Afghan politician who was the President of Afghanistan from 22 December 2001 to 29 September 2014, originally as an interim leader and then as President for almost ten years, from 7 December 2004 to 2014. He comes from a politically active family; Karzai's father, uncle and grandfather were all active in Afghan politics and government. Karzai and his father before him, Abdul Ahad Karzai, were each head of the Popalzai tribe of the Durrani tribal confederation.\nIn the 1980s Karzai was active as a fundraiser for the mujahideen who were fighting to expel Soviet Army troops during the Soviet\u2013Afghan War (1979\u20131989). After the Soviet withdrawal, the Islamic State of Afghanistan was established and then it was replaced in 1996 when the Taliban came to power and established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. In July 1999 Karzai's father was assassinated and Karzai succeeded him as head of the Popalzai tribe. In October 2001 the US invasion of Afghanistan began and Karzai became a dominant political figure after the removal of the Taliban regime in late 2001. During the December 2001 International Conference on Afghanistan in Germany, Karzai was selected by prominent Afghan political figures to serve a six-month term as Chairman of the Interim Administration.He was then chosen for a two-year term as Interim President during the 2002 loya jirga (grand assembly) that was held in Kabul, Afghanistan. After the 2004 presidential election, Karzai was declared the winner and became President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. He won a second five-year term in the 2009 presidential election; this term ended in September 2014.\n\n", "Q852767": "Southern rock is a subgenre of rock music and a genre of Americana. It developed in the Southern United States from rock and roll, country music, and blues, and is focused generally on electric guitar and vocals. Although the origin of the term Southern rock is unknown, \"many people feel that these important contributors to the development of rock and roll have been minimized in rock's history.\"The heyday of Southern rock in the 1970s began with the 1973 release of the Allman Brothers Band\u2019s Brothers and Sisters album, with its major hit \"Ramblin' Man\", and other Southern inflected tunes like \"Jessica\" and \"Pony Boy\". This album was a departure from previous Allman Brothers work, which until the death of band leader Duane Allman in late October 1971 had been purely blues rock. Dickey Betts' song \"Blue Sky\", which had appeared on the 1972 Eat a Peach album, was the one song recorded during the Duane Allman era that could in retrospect be seen as bridge to Southern rock. Betts' ascension as band leader following the death of Allman and then Berry Oakley, the band\u2019s original bassist, turned the direction of the band \u2014 and American pop music in general \u2014 toward a more Southern-fried sound.\nThe Marshall Tucker Band was also known to incorporate jazz instruments such as the flute and saxophone into their jams. Other acts associated with the first wave of true Southern rock were Elvin Bishop, Wet Willie, The Charlie Daniels Band, Little Feat, ZZ Top and Lynyrd Skynyrd. In the early 1970s, another wave of hard rock Southern groups emerged. Their music emphasized boogie rhythms and fast guitar leads with lyrics extolling the values, aspirations - and excesses - of Southern working-class young adults, like the outlaw country movement. The music itself is heavily influenced by the late '60s electric rock music scene.\nThe 1990s also saw the influence of Southern rock. The Black Crowes, who were from Atlanta, Georgia, blended the sound of bands like Led Zeppelin and the Rolling Stones with the southern touch of the Allman Brothers Band. Additionally, alternative rock groups like Kings of Leon combine Southern rock with garage rock, alt-country, and blues rock. Several of the original early 1970s hard rock Southern rock groups are still performing today, such as Lynyrd Skynyrd, The Marshall Tucker Band, Molly Hatchet, ZZ Top, and Wet Willie. The members of the Allman Brothers Band decided to stop playing in 2014 and continue with different projects like Government Mule and the Tedeschi Trucks Band. Since about 2017 the Allman Betts Band with sons Devon Allman and Duane Betts of the original Allman Brothers Band members Gregg Allman and Richard C. (Dickey) Betts started touring, thus the baton has been passed to the next generation.", "Q1372074": "Josh Ritter (born October 21, 1976) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and author who performs and records with the Royal City Band. Ritter is known for his distinctive Americana style and narrative lyrics. In 2006, he was named one of the \"100 Greatest Living Songwriters\" by Paste magazine.", "Q555481": "Francisco \"Kit\" Sarmiento Tatad (born October 4, 1939) is a Filipino journalist and politician best known for having served as Minister of Public Information under President Ferdinand Marcos from 1969 to 1980, and for serving as a Senator of the Philippines from 1992 to 2001.\nWhen Marcos first appointed Tatad as Minister of Public Information in 1969, he became the youngest member of Marcos' cabinet. During his term as Minister of Public Information, he announced the declaration of Martial Law on September 23, 1972, reading the text on air at 3:00 in the afternoon, five hours before Marcos himself would come on air to explain his justifications for the declaration, at 7:15 on the same date. While serving as cabinet secretary, he concurrently became a member of the Batasang Pambansa.\nAs a Senator, he served as Senate Majority Floor Leader from 1996 to 1998 and again from 2000 to 2001. Another historical moment in Tatad's career came in 2001, when he was one of the 11 senators who voted against opening an envelope that had been alleged to contain incriminating evidence against then Philippine President Joseph Ejercito Estrada, inciting events that led to the EDSA Revolution of 2001.", "Q107656": "Jean Merilyn Simmons, OBE (31 January 1929 \u2013 22 January 2010) was a British-American actress and singer. One of J. Arthur Rank's \"well-spoken young starlets\", she appeared predominantly in films, beginning with those made in Great Britain during and after World War II, followed mainly by Hollywood films from 1950 onwards.Simmons was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Hamlet (1948), and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for Guys and Dolls (1955). Her other film appearances include Young Bess (1953), The Robe (1953), Elmer Gantry (1960), Spartacus (1960), and the 1969 film The Happy Ending, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She also won an Emmy Award for the miniseries The Thorn Birds (1983).", "Q264375": "Edward L. Wilson (born September 5, 1931 in Ferndale, California) is an American civil engineer and academic who is known for his contributions to the development of finite element method. He was the T.Y. and Margaret Lin Professor in Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. He is currently the Professor Emeritus at the civil and environmental engineering, UC Berkeley. Wilson is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and is a recipient of the John von Neumann Award.Wilson is considered to be one of the early pioneers in the field of finite element analysis and its applications. He is credited with having written the first widely accepted computer package for structural analysis (SAP) and has co-authored the widely cited book in FEM, \"Numerical Methods in Finite Element Analysis\", with Klaus-Jurgen Bathe.", "Q224989": "Alternate history or alternative history (Commonwealth English) (AH) is a genre of speculative fiction consisting of stories in which one or more historical events occur differently. These stories usually contain \"what if\" scenarios at crucial points in history and present outcomes other than those in the historical record. The stories are conjectural but are sometimes based on fact. Alternate history has been seen as a subgenre of literary fiction, science fiction, or historical fiction; alternate history works may use tropes from any or all of these genres. Another term occasionally used for the genre is \"allohistory\" (literally \"other history\").Since the 1950s, this type of fiction has, to a large extent, merged with science fiction tropes involving time travel between alternate histories, psychic awareness of the existence of one universe by the people in another, or time travel that results in history splitting into two or more timelines. Cross-time, time-splitting, and alternate history themes have become so closely interwoven that it is impossible to discuss them fully apart from one another.\nIn Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Italian, Catalan and Galician, the genre of alternate history is called uchronie / ucronia / ucron\u00eda / Uchronie, which has given rise to the term Uchronia in English. This neologism is based on the prefix \u03bf\u03c5- (which in Ancient Greek means \"not/not any/no\") and the Greek \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (chronos), meaning \"time\". A uchronia means literally \"(in) no time\". This term apparently also inspired the name of the alternate history book list, uchronia.net.", "Q181341": "Godspeed You! Black Emperor is a Canadian experimental music collective which originated in Montreal, Quebec in 1994. The group releases recordings through Constellation, an independent record label also located in Montreal. After the release of their debut album in 1997, the group toured regularly from 1998 to 2003. Their second album, 2000's Lift Your Skinny Fists Like Antennas to Heaven, received great critical acclaim and has been named as one of the best albums of the decade. In 2003, the band announced an indefinite hiatus in order for members to pursue other musical interests. In the intervening period, the group was occasionally rumored to have broken up, but finally reconvened for a tour which began in late 2010. Since reforming, they have released three more albums, the most recent being Luciferian Towers in September 2017.\nThe band has gained a dedicated cult following and remains very influential in the post-rock genre. In September 2013, their fourth album and their comeback release after 10 years, 'Allelujah! Don't Bend! Ascend!, won the 2013 Polaris Music Prize.\nThe band is also known for their song \"East Hastings\" from the 1997 album F\u266f A\u266f \u221e, which was used in the film 28 Days Later in an edited version. \"East Hastings\" does not appear on the 28 Days Later: The Soundtrack Album because the rights to the song could not be obtained.", "Q77439": "Arthur Achleitner (August 16, 1858 in Straubing, Bavaria, Germany \u2013 September 29, 1927 in Munich) was a German writer. His works are noteworthy because he describes local customs and peculiarities of the people in the Austrian and Bavarian Alps, and the Mediterranean regions of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire (mainly Croatia and Bosnia).", "Q85877": "Walter Janssen (7 February 1887 \u2013 1 January 1976) was a German film actor and director. He appeared in more than 160 films between 1917 and 1970.", "Q569378": "Ian Charles Bostridge CBE (born 25 December 1964) is an English tenor, well known for his performances as an opera and lieder singer.", "Q236355": "Stephanie Young Hwang (born August 1, 1989), known professionally as Tiffany or Tiffany Young, is an American singer. Born and raised in California, she was discovered by South Korean entertainment agency SM Entertainment at the age of fifteen and subsequently moved to South Korea. After two years of training, Tiffany debuted as a member of girl group Girls' Generation (and later its subgroup Girls' Generation-TTS) in August 2007, which went on to become one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea's most popular girl groups worldwide.\nIn 2016, Tiffany became the second Girls' Generation member to debut as a soloist with the release of her first extended play I Just Wanna Dance. Although Tiffany remains a member of Girls' Generation, she left SM Entertainment in October 2017. She is currently based in Los Angeles for her solo career. She joined Paradigm Talent Agency and signed with record label Transparent Arts prior to the release of her 2019 extended play Lips on Lips.", "Q60145": "Richard Walther Darr\u00e9, born Ricardo Walther \u00d3scar Darr\u00e9 (14 July 1895 \u2013 5 September 1953), was one of the leading Nazi \"blood and soil\" (German: Blut und Boden) ideologists and served as Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture from 1933 to 1942. He was a high-ranking functionary in the SS and the seventh most senior commander in the organisation.\n\n", "Q538651": "Limor Fried is an American electrical engineer and owner of the electronics hobbyist company Adafruit Industries. She is influential in the open-source hardware community, having participated in the first Open Source Hardware Summit and the drafting of the Open Source Hardware definition, and is known for her moniker ladyada, a homage to Lady Ada Lovelace.", "Q540932": "Brian Carney (born 23 July 1976) is an Irish professional rugby league commentator and former dual-code rugby international player. He most recently played rugby league for the Warrington Wolves, but he played in the Super League for the Gateshead Thunder, Hull F.C. and the Wigan Warriors, as well as the Newcastle Knights in the NRL. Carney crossed codes to play rugby union for Munster between 2007 and 2009. He earned caps for international representation, for Ireland in both rugby league and rugby union, and also Great Britain in rugby league. He also played Gaelic football as a junior.\nCarney is one of the presenters for Sky's coverage of Gaelic games which started in June 2014.", "Q1147063": "Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) is a public central university located in New Delhi, India. It was established in 1969.", "Q36303": "Thales of Miletus (; Greek: \u0398\u03b1\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 (\u1f41 \u039c\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2), Thal\u0113s, THAY-lees or TAH-lays; c. 624/623 \u2013 c. 548/545 BC) was a Greek mathematician, astronomer and pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus in Ionia, Asia Minor. He was one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many, most notably Aristotle, regarded him as the first philosopher in the Greek tradition, and he is otherwise historically recognized as the first individual in Western civilization known to have entertained and engaged in scientific philosophy.Thales is recognized for breaking from the use of mythology to explain the world and the universe, and instead explaining natural objects and phenomena by theories and hypotheses, in a precursor to modern science. Almost all the other pre-Socratic philosophers followed him in explaining nature as deriving from a unity of everything based on the existence of a single ultimate substance, instead of using mythological explanations. Aristotle regarded him as the founder of the Ionian School and reported Thales' hypothesis that the originating principle of nature and the nature of matter was a single material substance: water.In mathematics, Thales used geometry to calculate the heights of pyramids and the distance of ships from the shore. He is the first known individual to use deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales' theorem. He is the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed.\n\n", "Q965861": "Rashid Boudjedra (Arabic: \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0629\u200e) (b. 5 September 1941 in A\u00efn Be\u00efda, Algeria) is an Algerian poet, novelist, playwright and critic. Boudjedra wrote in French from 1965 to 1981, at which point he switched to writing in Arabic, often translating his own works back and forth between the two languages. Boudjedra returned to writing in French in 1992 and has continued to write in that language ever since. Educated in Constantine and in Tunis (at the Coll\u00e8ge Sadiki), Boudjedra later fought for the FLN during the Algerian War of Independence. He received his degree in philosophy from the Sorbonne, where he wrote a thesis on C\u00e9line. Upon receiving his degree, he returned to Algeria to teach, but was sentenced to two years in prison for his criticisms of the government and was exiled to Blida. He lived in France from 1969 till 1972, and then in Rabat, Morocco until 1975.\nBoudjedra's fiction is written in a difficult, complex style, reminiscent of William Faulkner or Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez in its intricacy. La R\u00e9pudiation (1969, \"The Repudiation\") brought him sudden attention, both for the strength with which he challenged traditional Muslim culture in Algeria and for the strong reaction against him. Because a fatwa was issued which called for his death, he felt he had to live outside of Algeria. He has routinely been called the greatest living North African writer.\nBoudjedra was awarded the Prix du roman arabe in 2010 for Les Figuiers de Barbarie.\nAndr\u00e9 Naffis-Sahely has translated two of his novels into English: Les Figuiers de Barbarie as The Barbary Figs (Haus, 2012) and Les Fun\u00e9railles as The Funerals (Haus, 2015).\nRachid Boudjedra has also been involved in writing a number of films. Chronique des ann\u00e9es de braise (Chronicle of the Years of Fire), (dir. by Mohamed Lakhdar-Hamina) which, in 1975 won the Palme d'or at the Cannes Festival.", "Q923834": "Claire D\u00e9mar (1799\u20131833), was a feminist, journalist and writer, member of the Saint-Simonian movement. The avant-garde nature of her writings has led to her current recognition.Her biography remains obscure. Her name according to some sources is \u00c9milie d'Eymard: she signed her first letters as \u00c9milie d'Eymard but her first publications as Claire D\u00e9mar. Her birth date of 1799 is also uncertain, She died in 1833. Her father may have been the pianist and composer of German origins Sebastian Demar, with her mother being Elisabeth Riesam, also of German origin . They had settled in Orl\u00e9ans in 1791, but apparently no birth was recorded in that city's vital statistics for the year 1799 (Year VII-Year VIII, nor in the corresponding decennial table. The couple's daughter named Demar Theresia (Th\u00e9r\u00e8se), harpist and composer (who was her elder sister) was born in Gernsbach, (Germany) in 1786.\nD\u00e9mar was one of the most combative women of Saint-Simonian movement. She used the Saint-Simonian movement to go further and express findings and claims that were rejected by a majority of her contemporaries, but became accepted by feminists during following years. Shortly before her death, she published a Appel d'une femme au peuple sur l'affranchissement de la femme (\"Appeal of a woman to the people on the enfranchisement of women\") which calls for the application to women of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. She also describes marriage as legalized prostitution.\nDuring the last years of her short life, Claire Demar participated in feminist journals created during the opportunity offered by the revolution of 1830, She became associated with the feminist journalist Suzanne Voilquin in her publications La femme nouvelle, L'Apostolat des femmes, et La Tribune des femmes.\nD\u00e9mar was preparing to publish a second book, she committed suicide with her lover Perret Desessarts. They were found on the same bed with two letters and a roll of paper, which she had asked to be read in the Saint-Simonian society of Paris and then given to Barth\u00e9lemy Prosper Enfantin, who sent the papers to Suzanne Voilquin who published them in La Tribune des femmes.", "Q2620081": "The Pink Floyd and Syd Barrett Story is a 2001 television documentary produced by Otmoor Productions for BBC Two's Omnibus series and originally called Syd Barrett: Crazy Diamond (in the US, a slightly modified version aired as Pink Floyd & Syd Barrett in the VH1 Legends series in January 2002). Directed by John Edginton, the film includes interviews with all the Pink Floyd members - Roger Waters, David Gilmour, Nick Mason and Richard Wright - plus the \"fifth Pink Floyd\", Bob Klose, who left the band in 1965, getting their points of view on the original band founder Syd Barrett. The film includes rare early television appearances of Pink Floyd, and home movies.\nThe film was first released on DVD on 24 March 2003. In 2006 a new \"definitive edition DVD\" was produced in the UK and Europe in which the full unedited interviews conducted by the director with Pink Floyd are now made available, alongside the original documentary.", "Q57931": "Taizhou is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu province in eastern China. Situated on the north bank of the Yangtze River, it borders Nantong to the east, Yancheng to the north and Yangzhou to the west.\nThe 2010 census counted its population at 4,618,937 of whom 1,607,108 live in the built-up (or metro) area made of three urban districts, (Hailing, Jiangyan and Gaogang). Two county-level cities have more than 1 million inhabitants, Xinghua with 1,253,548 inhabitants and Taixing with 1,073,921 inhabitants, comprising two of the most important county-level cities in China. Hu Jintao, former General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, considers Taizhou his home town as did Mei Lanfang, one of the most famous Peking opera artists in modern Chinese history.", "Q76727": "Ernst J\u00fcnger ([\u025b\u0281nst \u02c8j\u028f\u014b\u0250]; 29 March 1895 \u2013 17 February 1998) was a highly-decorated German soldier, author, and entomologist who became publicly known for his World War I memoir Storm of Steel. \nThe son of a successful businessman and chemist, J\u00fcnger rebelled against an affluent upbringing and sought adventure in the Wandervogel, before running away to briefly serve in the French Foreign Legion, an illegal act. Because he escaped prosecution in Germany due to his father's efforts, J\u00fcnger was able to enlist in the German Army on the outbreak of war. During an ill-fated offensive in 1918 J\u00fcnger's World War I career ended with the last and most serious of his many woundings, and he was awarded the Pour le M\u00e9rite, a rare decoration for one of his rank.\nIn the aftermath of World War II, J\u00fcnger was treated with some suspicion as a possible fellow traveller of the Nazis. By the latter stages of the Cold War, his unorthodox writings about the impact of materialism in modern society were widely seen as conservative rather than radical nationalist, and his philosophical works came to be highly regarded in mainstream German circles. J\u00fcnger ended life as an honoured establishment figure, although critics continued to charge him with the glorification of war as a transcendental experience.", "Q1195125": "Cubans or Cuban people (Spanish: Cubanos), are the inhabitants, citizens of Cuba and people born in Cuba. Cuba is a multi-ethnic nation, home to people of different ethnic and national backgrounds. As a result, some Cubans do not treat their nationality as an ethnicity but as a citizenship with various ethnicities and national origins comprising the \"Cuban people.\"", "Q210392": "Killed in action (KIA) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own combatants at the hands of hostile forces. The United States Department of Defense, for example, says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to hostile attack. KIAs include those killed by friendly fire in the midst of combat, but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes, murder and other non-hostile events or terrorism. KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval, air and support troops. Someone who is killed in action during a particular event is denoted with a \u2020 (dagger) beside their name to signify their death in that event or events.Further, KIA denotes a person to have been killed in action on the battlefield whereas died of wounds (DOW) relates to someone who survived to reach a medical treatment facility. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) also uses DWRIA, rather than DOW, for \"died of wounds received in action\". However, historically, militaries and historians have used the former acronym.PKIA means presumed killed in action. This term is used when personnel are lost in battle, initially listed missing in action (MIA), but after not being found, are later presumed to have not survived.", "Q46182": "Ludwika Savitskaya (1892\u20131991), using the pen-name Zoska Veras, was a Belarusian writer.While she was young she was involved in the Grodno circle of Belarusian Youth, a patriotic organisation.Her writings included poetry, short stories, and agricultural and pedagogical works. In 1924 she published a Belarusian-Polish-Russian-Latin botanical dictionary which is still held in libraries in several countries. She published children's magazines Zaranka and Praleski and a specialised magazine Belaruskaya Borts. Her poetry appeared in many magazines, and in 1985 she published a book of poetry Kalaski (\"Spikelets\"). Poetry was written about her by several Belorusian poets including Ryhor Baradulin.She has been described as \"a writer, essayist, memoirist, editor, social and cultural figure\". The National Library of Belarus held an exhibition in September and October 2012 to commemorate the 120th anniversary of her birth.A biographical work \"\u042f \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044e \u045e\u0441\u0451 : \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043d\u044b, \u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044b\" (\"I remember everything: memories, letters\") compiled by Mikhas Skobla was published in 2013 (ISBN 9788378931041).", "Q18798": "G\u00e9za Lakatos de Cs\u00edkszentsimon (Hungarian title/name: \"Vit\u00e9z l\u00f3f\u0151 cs\u00edkszentsimoni Lakatos G\u00e9za\"; in German: Geza Ritter Lakatos, Edler von Csikszentsimon) (Budapest, 30 April 1890 \u2013 Adelaide, 21 May 1967) was a colonel general in the Hungarian Army during World War II who served briefly as Prime Minister of Hungary, under governor Mikl\u00f3s Horthy from 29 August 1944, until 15 October 1944.", "Q364361": "Double Vision (Chinese: \u96d9\u77b3; pinyin: Shuang tong) is a 2002 action horror film directed by Chen Kuo-fu. The plot is about an FBI agent working with a troubled Taiwanese cop to hunt for a serial killer who is embedding a mysterious black fungus in the brains of the victims. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival.\n\n", "Q103356": "Andreas Christoph Graf (1701 in Augsburg \u2013 1776 in Augsburg) was a German teacher, poet and writer of the etiquette book \"The polite student\" \"Der h\u00f6fliche Sch\u00fcler\" (1745).", "Q21119": "Baron Detlev von Liliencron born Friedrich Adolf Axel Detlev Liliencron (June 3, 1844 in Kiel \u2013 July 22, 1909) was a German lyric poet and novelist from Kiel.", "Q2471262": "John Patrick \"J. P.\" McManus (born 10 March 1951) is an Irish businessman and racehorse owner.", "Q999364": "Ford Lee \"Buck\" Washington (October 16, 1903, Louisville, Kentucky - January 31, 1955, New York City) was an American vaudeville performer, pianist, and singer. He was best known as half of the duo Buck and Bubbles with John W. Bubbles.\nWashington and Bubbles (born John W. Sublett) first began working together in the 1910s, while Washington was in his teens. Bubbles was primarily a tap dancer while Washington sang and played piano behind him. By the late 1920s they were on Broadway, performing with Eddie Cantor, Al Jolson, and Danny Kaye. They toured Europe in the 1930s and appeared on television and in films, including Calling All Stars (1937) and Cabin in the Sky (1942).\nAs a pianist, Washington also did sessions with jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong (1930), Bessie Smith (1933), and Coleman Hawkins (1934). He also played trumpet, though he only made home recordings on the instrument. He continued working with Bubbles until 1953, and in 1953-1954 worked with Timmie Rogers and Jonah Jones. He died in 1955.", "Q711509": "F\u00e9lix Savart (; French: [sava\u0281]; 30 June 1791, M\u00e9zi\u00e8res \u2013 16 March 1841, Paris) was a physicist, mathematician who is primarily known for the Biot\u2013Savart law of electromagnetism, which he discovered together with his colleague Jean-Baptiste Biot. His main interest was in acoustics and the study of vibrating bodies. A particular interest in the violin led him to create an experimental trapezoidal model. He gave his name to the savart, a unit of measurement for musical intervals, and to Savart's wheel\u2014a device he used while investigating the range of human hearing.", "Q155110": "Isaac Lee \"Ike\" Patterson, (September 17, 1859 \u2013 December 21, 1929) was the 18th Governor of Oregon from 1927 to 1929. An Oregon native, he served in the Oregon Legislative Assembly from 1918 to 1922, and was a farmer in the Willamette Valley.", "Q433710": "Taylor Cameron Carpenter (born 1981) is an American organist. In 2009, he became the first organist to ever be nominated for a Grammy Award for his solo album, Revolutionary. He designed and commissioned the International Touring Organ (ITO), a one-of-a-kind, customized, \u201cfull-scale portable organ sonically tailorable to any acoustic environment\u201d, which took ten years and cost $2 million to build. Since its premiere in March 2014, he no longer has to learn a new instrument for every performance which he characterized as maddening, and he now tours worldwide to venues that have never had an organ. The story of the ITO is the subject of the 2015 documentary \"The Sound of My Life\".", "Q173869": "Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 \u2013 6 October 1892) was a British poet. He was the Poet Laureate of Great Britain and Ireland during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular British poets. In 1829, Tennyson was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Medal at Cambridge for one of his first pieces, \"Timbuktu.\" He published his first solo collection of poems, Poems Chiefly Lyrical in 1830. \"Claribel\" and \"Mariana\", which remain some of Tennyson's most celebrated poems, were included in this volume. Although decried by some critics as overly sentimental, his verse soon proved popular and brought Tennyson to the attention of well-known writers of the day, including Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Tennyson's early poetry, with its medievalism and powerful visual imagery, was a major influence on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.\nTennyson also excelled at penning short lyrics, such as \"Break, Break, Break\", \"The Charge of the Light Brigade\", \"Tears, Idle Tears\", and \"Crossing the Bar\". Much of his verse was based on classical mythological themes, such as \"Ulysses\", although \"In Memoriam A.H.H.\" was written to commemorate his friend Arthur Hallam, a fellow poet and student at Trinity College, Cambridge, after he died of a stroke at the age of 22. Tennyson also wrote some notable blank verse including Idylls of the King, \"Ulysses\", and \"Tithonus\". During his career, Tennyson attempted drama, but his plays enjoyed little success.\nA number of phrases from Tennyson's work have become commonplaces of the English language, including \"Nature, red in tooth and claw\" (In Memoriam A.H.H.), \"'Tis better to have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all\", \"Theirs not to reason why, / Theirs but to do and die\", \"My strength is as the strength of ten, / Because my heart is pure\", \"To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield\", \"Knowledge comes, but Wisdom lingers\", and \"The old order changeth, yielding place to new\". He is the ninth most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations.", "Q1682616": "Jane Olivor (born May 18, 1947) is an American singer. After releasing five albums from the late 1970s through the early 1980s, her stage fright, anxiety over her rapid success, and her husband's illness and death caused her to take a 10-year hiatus. She released five more albums from 1995 through 2004. Since 2009, she has been retired from the public eye.", "Q107130": "Rajesh Khanna (pronounced [r\u0251\u02d0\u02c8d\u0292e\u02d0\u0283 k\u02b0\u0259n\u02c8n\u0259], pronunciation , born Jatin Khanna; 29 December 1942 \u2013 18 July 2012) was an Indian actor, film producer and politician who is best known for his work in the Hindi cinema. He is referred to as the \"First Superstar\" of Indian cinema. He starred in 15 consecutive solo hit films from 1969 to 1971, a record unbroken.He did 106 solo hero films of which 97 were released between 1967 and 2013.He acted in only 22 films with multi-star cast. 82 of the 127 films with Rajesh Khanna as the lead protagonist (of them 117 released and 11 unreleased) were critically acclaimed films with ratings above 4 stars out of 5 by film reviewers of various newspapers of that time unanimously.He made his debut in 1966 with Aakhri Khat which was also India's first official Oscar Entry in 1967. During his career he appeared in more than 168 feature films and 12 short films. He received the Filmfare Best Actor Award three times and the BFJA Awards for Best Actor (Hindi) four times. In 1991, he was awarded the Filmfare Special Award for completing 26 years in the Hindi cinema and in 2005, he was honoured with the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award on the 50th Anniversary of the Filmfare Awards. He was the highest paid Indian actor from 1970 to 1987 whereas Amitabh Bachchan shared the same tag with Rajesh Khanna from 1980 to 1987.He was a Member of Parliament in the 10th Lok Sabha from New Delhi Lok Sabha constituency between 1992 and 1996, elected in the 1992 New Delhi by-election as an Indian National Congress candidate.He was married to Dimple Kapadia in March 1973, eight months before her debut film Bobby was released and had two daughters from the marriage. Their elder daughter Twinkle Khanna is an actress and a best selling author who is married to actor Akshay Kumar, while they also have a younger daughter Rinke Khanna.Khanna died on 18 July 2012, after a period of illness. He has been posthumously awarded India's third highest civilian honour, Padma Bhushan. He has also been honoured with a stamp and statue in his likeness, and a road renamed after him by the Prime Minister of India. In 2014, his biography Rajesh Khanna \u2013 The untold story of India's first Superstar by Yasser Usman was published by Penguin Books. In 2018, a one kilometre fitness trail in Lajpat Nagar National Park was named after Khanna, which was inaugurated by his wife Dimple Kapadia.\n\n", "Q978830": "Richard Zimler (born 1 January 1956 in Roslyn Heights, New York) is a best-selling author. His books, which have earned him a 1994 National Endowment of the Arts Fellowship in Fiction and the 1998 Herodotus Award, have been published in many countries and translated into more than 20 languages.", "Q195452": "Selina Jane Cadell (born 12 August 1953) is an English actress. She is the younger sister of the late actor Simon Cadell and granddaughter of actress Jean Cadell. She is the great niece of the Scottish artist Francis Cadell.", "Q65983": "Bussnang is a municipality in the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q437576": "Debbie Ann Rochon (born November 3, 1968 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian actress and former stage performer, best known for her work in independent horror films and counter-culture films.", "Q232655": "Nerima (\u7df4\u99ac\u533a, Nerima-ku) is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. The ward refers to itself as Nerima City.\nAs of 1 May 2016, the ward has an estimated population of 721,858, with 323,296 households and a population density of 15,013 persons per km2, while 15,326 foreign residents are registered and 21.6% of the ward's population is over the age of 65. The total area is 48.08 km2.", "Q55840": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Raczkiewicz ([vwad\u0268\u02c8swaf rat\u0361\u0282k\u02b2\u025b\u02c8vit\u0361\u0282]; 28 January 1885 \u2013 6 June 1947) was a Polish politician, lawyer, diplomat and the first president of the Polish government-in-exile from 1939 until his death in 1947. Until 1945 he was the internationally recognized Polish head of state, and the Polish Government in Exile was recognized as the continuum to the Polish government of 1939.", "Q64445": "Carl Humann (first name also Karl; 4 January 1839 \u2013 12 April 1896) was a German engineer, architect and archaeologist. He discovered the Pergamon Altar.", "Q440926": "Geraldine James, OBE (born 6 July 1950) is an English actress. Theatre director Peter Hall said that James ranks amongst the great English classical actresses.James has been nominated four times for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress; for Dummy (1977), The Jewel in the Crown (1984), Band of Gold (1995) and The Sins (2000). For her role as Portia in the 1989 Broadway revival of The Merchant of Venice, she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play and won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play. She also won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the 1989 Venice Film Festival for She's Been Away. Her film credits include Gandhi (1982), The Tall Guy (1989), Sherlock Holmes (2009), Alice in Wonderland (2010), The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011), and 45 Years (2015). Since 2017, she has starred in the Netflix series Anne with an E as Marilla Cuthbert, and in the 2019 film Downton Abbey as Queen Mary.", "Q2706734": "St Catherine's College (also known as Catz) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England and is the youngest college to teach both undergraduate and graduate students. Tracing its roots back to 1868 (although the college itself was opened in 1962), it has 502 undergraduate and 442 graduate students as of December 2017, making it the largest undergraduate college by membership in the University of Oxford (Kellogg College has 1139 students compared to St. Catherine's 992, though it is a graduate-only college).The college developed out of the university's Delegacy for Unattached Students, and was founded in 1962 by the historian Alan Bullock, who went on to become the first master of the college, and later vice-chancellor of the university.", "Q118010": "\u00c9douard Dapples (12 December 1807, Lausanne \u2013 30 April 1887, Nice) was a Swiss politician, syndic of Lausanne from 1843 to 1848 and from 1857 to 1867, member of the Swiss National Council from 1851 to 1854 and from 1857 to 1866, he presided this assembly in 1861. Avenue \u00c9douard Dapples in Lausanne is named after him.\n\n", "Q150068": "The Republican Left of Catalonia (Catalan: Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, ERC; IPA: [\u0259s\u02c8k\u025br\u0259 r\u0259pub\u02d0li\u02c8kan\u0259 \u00f0\u0259 k\u0259t\u0259\u02c8lu\u0272\u0259]) is a pro-Catalan independence, social-democratic political party in the Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia. It is also the main sponsor of the independence movement from France and Spain in the territories known as Catalan Countries.\nIts current president is Oriol Junqueras and its secretary-general is Marta Rovira. The party is a member of the European Free Alliance.\n\n", "Q467341": "Lek Nana (Thai: \u0e40\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01 \u0e19\u0e32\u0e19\u0e32; 1924\u20131 April 2010) was a Thai businessman and politician. One of the founders of Thailand's Democrat Party at the end of World War II, he served as Deputy Foreign Minister as well as Minister of Science, Technology, and Energy. A Muslim of Gujarati ancestry, he was a senior member of the Central Islamic Committee of Thailand. The Nana area on Sukhumvit Road derives its name from him.\nNana became Deputy Foreign Minister in 1975 under Prime Minister Seni Pramoj, losing his office in the military coup that followed the October 1976 massacre of leftist protesters at Thammasat University.\nHe served as an honorary consul-general for Iraq in Thailand until 1981. In December 1982, a powerful bomb exploded in his office building in Bangkok's Chinatown, killing a police bomb disposal expert, injuring 20 other people, and causing a fire that damaged five buildings. Nana was not in the office at the time. His office had formerly been the Iraqi consulate, and a connection to the Iran\u2013Iraq War was suspected to have been the reason.In 1982 Nana became secretary general of the Democrat Party under party leader Bhichai Rattakul. He also served on the party's executive board repeatedly.In 1985, Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda appointed Nana as Minister for Science and Technology, following the suicide of the previous minister, Damrong Latthapipat, said to have been displeased by the inadequate funding he had received.Nana was nicknamed the \"landlord of Bangkok\" and owned a great deal of property along Bangkok's Sukhumvit Road, especially in the area is now known as \"Soi Nana\" (Sukhumvit Soi 4). The name Nana is also used for the nearby Skytrain station, the Nana Hotel and the Nana Plaza entertainment complex.A philanthropist, Nana donated land for the headquarters of the Democrat Party, for the Princess Mother Memorial Park, and for a hospital.Lek Nana died of a heart attack in a Bangkok hospital in 2010 at the age of 85. He was buried at Ban Somdej Mosque in Thonburi, with royal representation from HM King Bhumibol Adulyadej.", "Q320523": "Grant Masaru Imahara (born October 23, 1970) is an American electrical engineer, roboticist, and television host. He is best known for his work on the television series MythBusters, in which he designed and built numerous robots that were needed for the show, and specialized in operating the various computers and electronics that were utilized to test myths.\nImahara starred in the Netflix series White Rabbit Project released on December 9, 2016.", "Q193023": "Capitol Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group through its Capitol Music Group imprint. It was founded as the first West Coast-based record label \"of note\" in the United States in 1942 by Johnny Mercer, Buddy DeSylva, and Glenn E. Wallichs. Capitol was acquired by British music conglomerate EMI as its North American subsidiary in 1955. EMI was acquired by Universal Music Group in 2012 and was merged with the company a year later, making Capitol and the Capitol Music Group both a part of UMG. The label's circular headquarter building in Hollywood is a recognized landmark of California.\nCapitol's roster includes Megadeth, Paul McCartney, the Beach Boys, Brian Wilson, NF, Everclear, Katy Perry, Mary J. Blige, Halsey, the Beastie Boys, Neil Diamond, Luscious Jackson, Eagles, Beck, Avenged Sevenfold, Don Henley, Yellowcard, Sam Smith, Sparklehorse, Migos and Emeli Sand\u00e9.", "Q2105066": "Solomon Joseph Solomon (16 September 1860 \u2013 27 July 1927) was a British painter, a founding member of the New English Art Club and member of the Royal Academy.Solomon's family was Jewish, and his sister, Lily Delissa Joseph (n\u00e9e Solomon), was also a painter. He made an important contribution to the development of camouflage in the First World War, working in particular on tree observation posts and arguing tirelessly for camouflage netting.", "Q725874": "Alvin Morris (December 25, 1913 \u2013 July 27, 2012), known professionally as Tony Martin, was an American actor and popular singer. His career spanned over seven decades, and he scored dozens of hits between the late-1930s and mid-1950s with songs such as \"Walk Hand in Hand\", \"Stranger in Paradise\" and \"I Get Ideas\". He was married to actress and dancer Cyd Charisse for 60 years, from 1948 until her death in 2008.", "Q157707": "Rudolf Schenker (born 31 August 1948 in Hildesheim, Lower Saxony) is a German guitarist and founder of the hard rock band Scorpions, being the rhythm guitarist, primary songwriter and longest-serving original member.", "Q330730": "Daniel Walter Chorzempa (born December 7, 1944) is an American organist and architect.", "Q234224": "Dian Fossey (, January 16, 1932 \u2013 c.\u2009December 26, 1985) was an American primatologist and conservationist known for undertaking an extensive study of mountain gorilla groups from 1966 until her 1985 murder. She studied them daily in the mountain forests of Rwanda, initially encouraged to work there by paleoanthropologist Louis Leakey. Gorillas in the Mist, a book published two years before her death, is Fossey's account of her scientific study of the gorillas at Karisoke Research Center and prior career. It was adapted into a 1988 film of the same name.Fossey was one of the foremost primatologists in the world, a member of the so-called \"Trimates\", a group formed of prominent female scientists originally sent by Leakey to study great apes in their natural environments, along with Jane Goodall who studied chimpanzees, and Birut\u0117 Galdikas, who studied orangutans.During her time in Rwanda, she actively supported conservation efforts, strongly opposed poaching and tourism in wildlife habitats, and made more people acknowledge sapient gorillas. Fossey and her gorillas were victims of mobbing. She was brutally murdered in her cabin at a remote camp in Rwanda in December 1985. It has been theorized that her murder was linked to her conservation efforts, probably by a poacher.", "Q4345748": "K\u00e5re Valebrokk (17 December 1940 \u2013 9 February 2013) was a Norwegian journalist and television executive. He was editor-in-chief and administrative director of TV 2 from October 1999 until June 2007, when he retired. He was the father of economist and editor Per Valebrokk.\nValebrokk started his media career as a journalist in Morgenbladet from 1962 to 1968, and was later a journalist in Verdens Gang from 1979 to 1985. In 1985, Valebrokk was appointed editor-in-chief of the newspaper Dagens N\u00e6ringsliv, a position he held until he joined TV 2 in 1999. From 1989 he was also the CEO of Norges Handels- og Sj\u00f8fartstidende AS, the company that published the newspaper. He has advocated libertarian views, like flat tax.After his retirement from TV 2, Valebrokk wrote a weekly column for Aftenposten, and, among other tasks, was chairman of the Bergen Art Museum.\nAccording to his son, Valebrokk died in his sleep on 9 February 2013. He was 72 years old.", "Q731829": "Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (8 February 1857 \u2013 26 June 1936) was a Dutch scholar of Oriental cultures and languages and Advisor on Native Affairs to the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).\nBorn in Oosterhout in 1857, he became a theology student at Leiden University in 1874. He received his doctorate at Leiden in 1880 with his dissertation 'Het Mekkaansche Feest' (\"The Festivities of Mecca\"). He became a professor at the Leiden School for Colonial Civil Servants in 1881.\nSnouck, who was fluent in Arabic, through mediation with the Ottoman governor in Jeddah, was examined by a delegation of scholars from Mecca in 1884 and upon successfully completing the examination was allowed to commence a pilgrimage to the Holy Muslim city of Mecca in 1885. He was one of the first Western scholars of Oriental cultures to do so.\nA pioneering traveler, he was a rare Western presence in Mecca, but embraced the culture and religion of his hosts with passion in such that he successfully gave people the impression that he had converted to Islam. He admitted that he pretended to be a Muslim as he explained in a letter sent to his college friend, Carl Bezold on 18 February 1886 which is now archived in Heidelberg University Library. In 1888 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.In 1889 he became professor of Malay at Leiden University and official advisor to the Dutch government on colonial affairs. He wrote more than 1,400 papers on the situation in Atjeh and the position of Islam in the Dutch East Indies, as well as on the colonial civil service and nationalism.\nAs the adviser of J. B. van Heutsz, he took an active role in the final part (1898\u20131905) of the Aceh War (1873\u20131914). He used his knowledge of Islamic culture to devise strategies which significantly helped crush the resistance of the Aceh inhabitants and impose Dutch colonial rule on them, ending a 40-year war with varying casualty estimates of between 50,000 and 100,000 inhabitants dead and about a million wounded.\nHis success in the Aceh War earned him influence in shaping colonial administration policy throughout the rest of the Dutch East Indies, however deeming his advice insufficiently implemented he returned to the Netherlands in 1906. Back in the Netherlands Snouck continued a successful academic career.", "Q69149": "Paul Melchers (6 January 1813 \u2013 14 December 1895) was a Cardinal and Archbishop of Cologne. At the height of the Kulturkampf he took refuge in the Netherlands.", "Q216913": "Deryck Jason Whibley (born March 21, 1980), nicknamed Bizzy D, is a Canadian musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer, best known for his work as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, keyboardist, main songwriter, and producer of the rock band Sum 41.", "Q71706": "Nikolaus Herman (first name also Nicolaus or Niklas; c. 1500 \u2013 3 May 1561) was a German Lutheran cantor and teacher, creating numerous Protestant hymns. Some of them are contained in hymnals in several languages.", "Q741316": "The KLF (also known as The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu, The JAMs, The Timelords and other names) were one of the seminal bands of the British acid house movement during the late 1980s and early 1990s.\nBeginning in 1987, Bill Drummond (alias King Boy D) and Jimmy Cauty (alias Rockman Rock) released hip hop-inspired and sample-heavy records as The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu. As the Timelords, they recorded the British number one hit single \"Doctorin' the Tardis\" and documented the process of making a hit record in a book, The Manual (How to Have a Number One the Easy Way). As The KLF, Drummond and Cauty pioneered \"stadium house\" and \"ambient house\". The KLF released a series of international hits on their own KLF Communications record label and became the biggest-selling singles act in the world in 1991.\nFrom the outset, they adopted the philosophy espoused by esoteric novels The Illuminatus! Trilogy, making anarchic situationist manifestations, including the defacement of billboard adverts, the posting of cryptic advertisements in NME magazine and the mainstream press, and unusual performances on Top of the Pops. In collaboration with Extreme Noise Terror at the BRIT Awards in February 1992, they fired machine gun blanks into the audience and dumped a dead sheep at the aftershow party. This performance pre-announced The KLF's departure from the music business and, in May of that year, they deleted their entire back catalogue.\nWith The KLF's profits, Drummond and Cauty established the K Foundation and sought to subvert the art world, staging an alternative art award for the Worst Artist of The Year and burning one million pounds sterling.\nAlthough Drummond and Cauty remained true to their word of May 1992 \u2013 the KLF Communications catalogue remains deleted in the UK \u2013 they have released a small number of new tracks since then, as the K Foundation, The One World Orchestra and most recently, in 1997, as 2K. The duo reappeared in 2017 as The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu, releasing a novel \u2013 2023 \u2013 and rebooting an earlier campaign to build a \"People's Pyramid\".", "Q186360": "Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice. Nurses practice in many specialties with differing levels of prescription authority. Many nurses provide care within the ordering scope of physicians, and this traditional role has shaped the public image of nurses as care providers. However, nurse practitioners are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings. Since the postwar period, nurse education has undergone a process of diversification towards advanced and specialized credentials, and many of the traditional regulations and provider roles are changing.Nurses develop a plan of care, working collaboratively with physicians, therapists, the patient, the patient's family, and other team members that focuses on treating illness to improve quality of life. In the United States and the United Kingdom, advanced practice nurses, such as clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners, diagnose health problems and prescribe medications and other therapies, depending on individual state regulations. Nurses may help coordinate the patient care performed by other members of a multidisciplinary health care team such as therapists, medical practitioners, and dietitians. Nurses provide care both interdependently, for example, with physicians, and independently as nursing professionals.", "Q67164": "Volker Kauder (born 3 September 1949) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as parliamentary group leader of the ruling CDU/CSU faction in the German Bundestag from 2005 to 2018, during which he was frequently referred to as the \"right hand\" of Chancellor Angela Merkel.\n\n", "Q325473": "Holy Week (Polish: Wielki tydzie\u0144) is a 1995 Polish drama film directed by Andrzej Wajda. It was entered into the 46th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Silver Bear for outstanding artistic contribution.", "Q142444": "Kaitar\u014d Hasegawa (\u9577\u8c37\u5ddd\u6d77\u592a\u90ce, Hasegawa Kaitar\u014d, 17 January 1900 - 29 June 1935) was a novelist in the early Sh\u014dwa period Japan. He wrote under numerous pen names, each with a unique personality, and caused a sensation with the sheer brilliance of his fiction, non-fiction and translations.", "Q3170920": "Jean Bourdon (c. 1601 \u2013 1668) was the first engineer-in-chief and land-surveyor in the colony of New France, and the first attorney-general of the Conseil Superieur.\nBourdon came to New France in 1634 and he was designated as the engineer to Governor Charles de Montmagny. In 1639, the governor made a land grant to him of 50 acres (200,000 m2) and, later, he built a mill. He also built a chapel on it for his friend, Abb\u00e9 Jean Le Sueur. This was only one of several seigneuries that Bourdon received.", "Q77377": "Therese Elisabeth Alexandra F\u00f6rster-Nietzsche (10 July 1846 \u2013 8 November 1935) was the sister of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche and the creator of the Nietzsche Archive in 1894.\nF\u00f6rster-Nietzsche was two years younger than her brother. Their father was a Lutheran pastor in the German village of R\u00f6cken bei L\u00fctzen. The two children were close during their childhood and early adult years. However, they grew apart in 1885 when Elisabeth married Bernhard F\u00f6rster, a former high school teacher who had become a prominent German nationalist and antisemite.As his caretaker, F\u00f6rster-Nietzsche assumed the roles of curator and editor of her brother's manuscripts. She reworked his unpublished writings to fit her own ideology, often in ways contrary to her brother's stated opinions. Through F\u00f6rster-Nietzsche's editions, Nietzsche's name became associated with German militarism and National Socialism, while later 20th-century scholars have strongly disputed this conception of his ideas.She became later in life a member of the Nazi Party. When she died in 1935, Adolf Hitler attended her funeral.", "Q704892": "Enzo (or Enzio; c.\u20091218 \u2013 14 March 1272) was an illegitimate son of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, who appointed him 'King of Sardinia' in 1238. He played a major role in the wars between Guelphs and Ghibellines in the Imperial kingdom of Italy, and was captured by his enemies in 1249. He remained imprisoned in Bologna until his death.", "Q377453": "Third Man Records is an independent record label founded by Jack White in Detroit, Michigan, in 2001. Third Man established its first physical location\u2014a combination record store, performance venue, and headquarters for the label\u2014in Nashville, Tennessee, in 2009. The label opened a Detroit branch location in 2015, which added a pressing plant (Third Man Pressing) in 2017.", "Q167834": "Miss Firecracker is a 1989 American comedy film directed by Thomas Schlamme. It stars Holly Hunter, Mary Steenburgen, Tim Robbins, Alfre Woodard, and Scott Glenn. The film, set in Yazoo City, Mississippi, was written by Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Beth Henley and is based on her 1984 play, The Miss Firecracker Contest.", "Q15294": "The Balmhorn (3,698 m) is a mountain in the Bernese Alps in Switzerland. Its summit ridge lies on the border between the cantons of Berne and the Valais.\nIt was first climbed by Frank Walker, Horace Walker and Lucy Walker, with guides Jakob Anderegg and Melchior Anderegg on 21 July 1864.\n\n", "Q1740219": "Kevin Michael (born Kevin Michael Seward, October 22, 1985 in Chester, Pennsylvania) is an American pop artist that was signed to Downtown Records in 2007, the same year he released his self-titled debut album.", "Q525628": "Isabelle Vengerova (Belarusian: \u0406\u0437\u0430\u0431\u044d\u043b\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430; 1 March [O.S. 17 February] 1877 \u2013 7 February 1956) was a Russian, later American, pianist and music teacher.\nShe was born Izabella Afanasyevna Vengerova (\u0418\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430) in Minsk (now in Belarus) in the family of Pauline Vengerova and her husband Chonon. Her elder brother Semyon Vengerov was a venerable literary historian. She studied the piano at the Vienna Conservatory with Josef Dachs, and privately with Theodor Leschetizky; in Saint Petersburg she studied with Anna Yesipova. From 1906 to 1920 she taught at the Imperial Conservatory in St Petersburg and then toured the USSR and Western Europe from 1920 to 1923, when she settled in the USA. While still in St. Petersburg in 1910, she recorded three pieces on Welte-Mignon player piano music rolls.In 1924 she helped found the Curtis Institute and in 1933 joined the faculty of the Mannes College, teaching at both institutions until her death in New York City in 1956. She made her debut with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra in 1925. Vengerova was also known for her painstaking attention to detail and for a psychological insight that brought out the best in each pupil. While she denied having a particular method, she drilled all students in techniques designed to achieve expressive playing and beautiful tone, keeping the fingers close to the keys for evenness and a seamless legato; playing deeply in the keys while using the weight of the forearm and a flexible wrist to achieve a full singing tone without harshness, and controlling tone by higher or lower positions of the wrist.\nAmong her pupils were Blanche Abram, Stanley Babin, Samuel Barber, Ralph Berkowitz, Leonard Bernstein, Anthony di Bonaventura, Lukas Foss, Gary Graffman, Lilian Kallir, Gilbert Kalish, Jacob Lateiner, Julien Musafia, Leonard Pennario, Menahem Pressler, Carl Schachter, Abbey Simon, Dimitri Tiomkin, Ronald Turini, and Leon Whitesell.\nShe was the maternal aunt and first teacher of Nicolas Slonimsky, who reports in his autobiography Perfect Pitch that as a young girl his aunt was kissed on the forehead by Johannes Brahms.\n\n", "Q233563": "Sally Cecilia Hawkins (born 27 April 1976) is an English actress. She is the recipient of numerous accolades including a Golden Globe Award and the Silver Bear for Best Actress, and has been nominated for two Academy Awards.\nAfter graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Hawkins started her career as a stage actor in productions such as Romeo and Juliet (playing Juliet), Much Ado About Nothing, and A Midsummer Night's Dream. Her first major role was in Mike Leigh's All or Nothing in 2002. She continued working with Leigh, appearing in a supporting role in Vera Drake (2004) and taking the lead in Happy-Go-Lucky (2008), for which she won several awards, including the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy and the Silver Bear for Best Actress.\nHawkins appeared in two Woody Allen films, Cassandra's Dream (2007) and Blue Jasmine (2013); for the latter, she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She went on to play the lead role in Made in Dagenham (2010), Paddington (2014), Maudie (2016), and Paddington 2 (2017), and appeared in Godzilla (2014) and Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019). For starring as a mute cleaning woman in the fantasy horror film The Shape of Water (2017), Hawkins earned acclaim and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress.\nHawkins has also appeared in stage productions with the Royal Court Theatre in London, and in 2010, she made her Broadway debut in Mrs. Warren's Profession. In 2012, she starred in Constellations at the Royal Court Theatre, which later transferred to the Duke of York's Theatre in the West End. On television, she appeared in the BBC adaptations of Tipping The Velvet (2002) as Zena Blake, and Fingersmith (2005) as Sue Trinder. She also appeared as Anne Elliot in Persuasion (2007), ITV's adaptation of Jane Austen's novel.", "Q109135": "Trainspotting is a 1996 British black comedy crime film directed by Danny Boyle and starring Ewan McGregor, Ewen Bremner, Jonny Lee Miller, Kevin McKidd, Robert Carlyle, and Kelly Macdonald in her debut. Based on the novel of the same name by Irvine Welsh, the film was released in the United Kingdom on 23 February 1996.The Academy Award-nominated screenplay by John Hodge follows a group of heroin addicts in an economically depressed area of Edinburgh and their passage through life. Beyond drug addiction, other themes in the film include an exploration of the urban poverty and squalor in Edinburgh.The film was ranked tenth by the British Film Institute (BFI) in its list of Top 100 British films of the 20th century. In 2004, the film was voted the best Scottish film of all time in a general public poll. In 2017 a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for Time Out magazine ranked it the tenth best British film ever. A sequel, T2 Trainspotting, was released in January 2017.\nThe title of the film comes from a particular scene in the book where the main character, Mark Renton, meets an old drunk in a disused train station, who turns out to be his friend's estranged father. The old man asks Renton and Begbie, who is the man's son, if they are \"trainspottin'\".", "Q1000314": "Thomas G. O'Donnell (born 30 August 1926) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician. He was born at Bulgaden, County Limerick, and was educated at the Crescent College, Salesian College and University College Dublin where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree. He worked as a teacher and a voluntary community activist before becoming involved in politics.\nO'Donnell was first elected to D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann at the 1961 general election as a Fine Gael Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) for Limerick East. He was Opposition Front Bench spokesperson on Transport, Power and Tourism from 1969 to 1973. He served in the government on one occasion in the National Coalition under Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave between 1973 and 1977 as Minister for the Gaeltacht. He was Opposition Front Bench spokesperson on Telecommunications from 1977 to 1979. O'Donnell was elected to the European Parliament at the 1979 election. He retired from national politics following the 1987 general election at which he lost his seat. He was spokesperson on Regional Policy for the European People's Party (EPP) from 1979 to 1989.\nAfter his retirement from politics he became actively involved in the voluntary sector. He was Chairperson of the Limerick Peace Institute at the University of Limerick, Chairperson of the PAUL Partnership, Chairperson to the Limerick City and County Strategy Group and the Limerick Employment Pact.\nIn 2005, he was honoured by Limerick City Council with a civic reception and a special presentation to mark half a century of his political and voluntary services to the people of Limerick City and County.He is married to Helen O'Connor from Sligo, former Honorary National Secretary of Fine Gael; they have one son, Thomas O'Donnell Junior. His uncle Richard O'Connell was a Cumann na nGaedheal TD for Limerick from 1924 to 1932, and his nephew Kieran O'Donnell is a Fine Gael TD for Limerick City.", "Q106206": "Tarek Mohammed Al-Wazir (Arabic: \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u200e; born 3 January 1971) is a politician in the German Green Party. Since January 2014 he has been deputy to the Hessian prime minister Volker Bouffier, and Hessian Minister of Economics, Energy, Transport and Regional Development. He is a member of the Landtag of Hesse and was co-chair of the Hessian Green Party.\n\n", "Q7976772": "Wayne White (born September 17, 1957) is an American artist, art director, puppeteer, set designer, animator, cartoonist and illustrator. He has won three Emmy Awards for his work.", "Q223770": "A B movie or B film is a low-budget commercial motion picture that is not an arthouse film. In its original usage, during the Golden Age of Hollywood, the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature (akin to B-sides for recorded music). Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s, the term B movie continues to be used in its broader sense to this day. In its post-Golden Age usage, there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition: on the one hand, the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient; on the other, many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity.\nIn either usage, most B movies represent a particular genre\u2014the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple, while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s. Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character. Almost always shorter than the top-billed feature films, many had running times of 70 minutes or less. The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more lavishly budgeted headliners; individual B films were often ignored by critics.\nLatter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels, but series are less common. As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased, so did that of B pictures. In its current usage, the term has somewhat contradictory connotations: it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is (a) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or (b) a lively, energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively \"serious\" independent film. The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budget, mainstream films with exploitation-style content, usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie.\nFrom their beginnings to the present day, B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning. Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies. They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established, and they have provided work for former A movie actors, such as Vincent Price and Karen Black. Some actors, such as Bela Lugosi, Eddie Constantine, Bruce Campbell and Pam Grier, worked in B movies for most of their careers. The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures.", "Q171930": "Yevno Fishelevich Azef (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0415\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0424\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447) \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0444, also transliterated as Evno Azef, 1869\u20131918), was a Russian socialist revolutionary who was also a double agent and agent provocateur, working both as an organizer of assassinations for the Socialist-Revolutionary Party and a police spy for the Okhrana, the Imperial secret police. He rose in the ranks to become the leader of the party's terrorist branch, the SR Combat Organization, from 1904 to 1908.\nAfter having been found out by the revolutionary Vladimir Burtsev in 1909, he fled to Germany where he died in 1918.", "Q928949": "The National Republican Association \u2013 Colorado Party (Spanish: Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional Republicana \u2013 Partido Colorado, ANR-PC) is a right-wing political party in Paraguay, founded on 11 September 1887, by Bernardino Caballero. The presidential candidate of the party was defeated in elections held in April 2008 after 61 years in power, but the party regained the presidency in the 2013 presidential election.", "Q118986": "Heinz-Hermann Koelle (22 July 1925, in Danzig, Free City of Danzig \u2013 20 February 2011, in Berlin, Germany) was an aeronautical engineer who made the preliminary designs on the rocket that would emerge as the Saturn I. Closely associated with Wernher von Braun's team at the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA), he was a member of the launch crew on Explorer 1 and later directed the Marshall Space Flight Center's involvement in Project Apollo. In 1965, he accepted the Chair of Space Technology at the Technical University of Berlin.", "Q2016740": "Casanova is a 2005 British television comedy drama serial, written by television scriptwriter Russell T Davies and directed by Sheree Folkson. Produced by Red Production Company for BBC Wales in association with Granada Television, the 3-episode series was first screened on digital television station BBC Three from 13 March, with a repeat on mainstream analogue network BBC One commencing 4 April.", "Q901303": "Michael Maier (Latin: Michael Maierus; 1568\u20131622) was a German physician and counsellor to Rudolf II Habsburg. He was a learned alchemist, epigramist and amateur composer.", "Q940439": "Auguste Vacquerie (1819\u20131895) was a French journalist and man of letters.", "Q116773": "Susanna Julie von Bondeli (born 24 December 1731; baptised 1 January 1732, Bern \u2013 died 8 August 1778, Neuch\u00e2tel), was a famous Swiss salonist and lady of letters. She hosted a salon which became the center of intellectual life in Bern.", "Q87090": "Philipp Peter (born 6 April 1969 in Vienna) is a race car driver from Austria.\nHe started in junior formula cars with the highlight winning the Austria Formula 3 Cup in 1992. He represented Austria in the 1990 EFDA Nations Cup and also raced in Indy Lights finishing third in the Championship in 1999.\nIn 2003 he won the 12 Hours of Sebring in a Team Joest Audi R8 with teammates Marco Werner and Frank Biela. He previously competed in Indy Lights in 1998 and 1999, capturing victories in 1999 at Long Beach, Portland and Michigan and finishing 11th and 3rd in series points in his two years, respectively.\nIn 2006 Peter raced in the FIA GT Championship for RaceAlliance Motorsport in an Aston Martin DBR9 with Karl Wendlinger, scoring one win in Mugello. For 2007 he remained in the FIA GT Championship, but this time for PSI Experience driving a Chevrolet Corvette C6.R with Luke Hines and scoring a second place in Zhuhai. He also ran for JMB Racing in a Maserati MC12 with Joe Macari, Ben Aucott, and Marino Franchitti in the Spa 24 Hours, finishing seventh. He later switched to the GT2 class at Nogaro, running an Advanced Engineering Ferrari F430 with Rui \u00c1guas and finishing seventh in class. For the last race of the 2007 season, Peter teamed once again with Luke Hines in an Aston Martin DBR9 for Gigaware Motorsport, but was unable to finish the event. Peter finished 26th in the GT1 Drivers Championship standings and 39th in the GT2 Drivers Championship Standings.\nPeter also competed in the 2007 24 Hours of Le Mans with PSI Experience driving a Chevrolet Corvette C6.R with Claude-Yves Gosselin and David Hallyday, finishing 28th overall.", "Q1389588": "Professor Evgeny Oscarovich Paton (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043d, Yevgeni Oskarovich Paton 1870\u20131953) was a Russian and Soviet engineer of German descent who established the E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute in Kiev. Paton was a people's deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1946\u20131953). He was the father of Borys Paton.", "Q78722": "Kurt Diemberger (born 16 March 1932) is an Austrian mountaineer and author of several books. He is the only living person who has made the first ascents on two mountains over 8,000 metres: of Broad Peak in 1957 and of Dhaulagiri in 1960.", "Q46814": "Valerius Severus (Latin: Flavius Valerius Severus Augustus; died September 307), also Severus II, was a Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 307. After failing to besiege Rome, he fled to Ravenna. It is thought that he was killed there or executed near Rome.", "Q3161193": "James Raymond Jordan Sr. (July 31, 1936 \u2013 July 23, 1993) was the father of Hall-of-Fame basketball player Michael Jordan, and the paternal grandfather of basketball players Jeffrey Jordan and Marcus Jordan.", "Q1608275": "Claude Schnell (17 May 1955, Brooklyn, New York) is an American keyboardist who has been a member of the bands Magic, Rough Cutt, Dio, and Last in Line.", "Q569350": "The University of Television and Film Munich (German: Hochschule f\u00fcr Fernsehen und Film M\u00fcnchen, short: HFF Munich) is a publicly funded film school in Munich, Germany. The school was established in 1966 by decree of the Bavarian government. The University of Television and Film Munich is one of Germany's most reputable film schools with about 350 students enrolled. The school has celebrated its 50th anniversary in July 2017.\n\n", "Q77411": "Gisela von Arnim (also Giesela; August 30, 1827 in Berlin \u2013 April 4, 1889 in Florence) was a German writer, mainly of fairy tales.", "Q4819829": "Audio Fidelity Records, was a record company based in New York City, most active during the 1950s and 1960s. They are best known for having produced the first mass-produced American stereophonic long-playing record in November 1957 (although this was not available to the general public until March of the following year).", "Q39018": "An emperor (from Latin: imperator , via Old French: empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother (empress dowager), or a woman who rules in her own right (empress regnant). Emperors are generally recognized to be of a higher honour and rank than kings. In Europe, the title of Emperor has been used since the Middle Ages, considered in those times equal or almost equal in dignity to that of Pope due to the latter's position as visible head of the Church and spiritual leader of the Catholic part of Western Europe. The Emperor of Japan is the only currently reigning monarch whose title is translated into English as \"Emperor\", while having no actual monarchical rights.Both emperors and kings are monarchs, but emperor and empress are considered the higher monarchical titles. Inasmuch as there is a strict definition of emperor, it is that an emperor has no relations implying the superiority of any other ruler and typically rules over more than one nation. Therefore a king might be obliged to pay tribute to another ruler, or be restrained in his actions in some unequal fashion, but an emperor should in theory be completely free of such restraints. However, monarchs heading empires have not always used the title in all contexts\u2014the British sovereign did not assume the title Empress of the British Empire even during the incorporation of India, though she was declared Empress of India.\nIn Western Europe, the title of Emperor was used exclusively by the Holy Roman Emperor, whose imperial authority was derived from the concept of translatio imperii, i.e. they claimed succession to the authority of the Western Roman Emperors, thus linking themselves to Roman institutions and traditions as part of state ideology. Although initially ruling much of Central Europe and northern Italy, by the 19th century the Emperor exercised little power beyond the German-speaking states.\nAlthough technically an elective title, by the late 16th century the imperial title had in practice come to be inherited by the Habsburg Archdukes of Austria and following the Thirty Years' War their control over the states (outside the Habsburg Monarchy, i.e. Austria, Bohemia and various territories outside the empire) had become nearly non-existent. However, Napoleon Bonaparte was crowned Emperor of the French in 1804 and was shortly followed by Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, who declared himself Emperor of Austria in the same year. The position of Holy Roman Emperor nonetheless continued until Francis II abdicated that position in 1806. In Eastern Europe, the monarchs of Russia also used translatio imperii to wield imperial authority as successors to the Eastern Roman Empire. Their status was officially recognised by the Holy Roman Emperor in 1514, although not officially used by the Russian monarchs until 1547. However, the Russian emperors are better known by their Russian-language title of Tsar even after Peter the Great adopted the title of Emperor of All Russia in 1721.\nHistorians have liberally used emperor and empire anachronistically and out of its Roman and European context to describe any large state from the past or the present. Such pre-Roman titles as Great King or King of Kings, used by the Kings of Persia and others, are often considered as the equivalent. Sometimes this reference has even extended to non-monarchically ruled states and their spheres of influence such as the Athenian Empire of the late 5th century BC, the Angevin Empire of the Plantagenets and the Soviet and American \"empires\" of the Cold War era. However, such \"empires\" did not need to be headed by an \"emperor\". Empire became identified instead with vast territorial holdings rather than the title of its ruler by the mid-18th century.\nFor purposes of protocol, emperors were once given precedence over kings in international diplomatic relations, but currently precedence amongst heads of state who are sovereigns\u2014whether they be kings, queens, emperors, empresses, princes, princesses and to a lesser degree presidents\u2014is determined by the duration of time that each one has been continuously in office. Outside the European context, emperor was the translation given to holders of titles who were accorded the same precedence as European emperors in diplomatic terms. In reciprocity, these rulers might accredit equal titles in their native languages to their European peers. Through centuries of international convention, this has become the dominant rule to identifying an emperor in the modern era.", "Q2941066": "Sir Kazimierz Stanis\u0142aw Gzowski, (March 5, 1813 \u2013 August 24, 1898), was an engineer best known for his work on a wide variety of Canadian railways as well as work on the Welland Canal. He also served as acting Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 1896 to 1897.", "Q1340950": "Eriq Ebouaney (born 3 October 1967) is a French actor. He is best known for his portrayal as the Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba in the 2000 film Lumumba, as \"Blacktie\" in Brian De Palma's Femme Fatale and as \"Ice\" in the 2008 action film Transporter 3 in which he starred opposite Jason Statham.", "Q84599": "Ludwig Helmbold, also spelled Ludwig Heimbold, (21 January 1532 \u2013 8 April 1598) was a poet of Lutheran hymns. He is probably best known for his hymn \"Nun la\u00dft uns Gott dem Herren\", of which J. S. Bach used the fifth stanza for his cantata O heilges Geist- und Wasserbad, BWV 165; Bach also used his words in BWV 73, 79 and 186a.", "Q278774": "Surfer, Dude is a 2008 American comedy film directed by S.R. Bindler and starring Matthew McConaughey.\nWoody Harrelson claims the film is the most \"non-work\" he has ever done. McConaughey and Harrelson, who previously appeared together in EDtv, later co-starred in HBO's True Detective.", "Q57919": "Arendal (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0251\u0302\u02d0\u0273\u0256\u0251\u02d0l] (listen)) is a municipality in Agder county in southeastern Norway. Arendal belongs to the region of S\u00f8rlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Arendal (which is also the seat of Aust-Agder county). Some of the notable villages in Arendal include Rykene, Eydehavn, F\u00e6rvik, Strengereid, Kongshavn, Kilsund, Brattekleiv, Torsbudalen, Longum, Saltr\u00f8d, Staub\u00f8, Vrengen, and Kolbj\u00f8rnsvik. The offices of UNEP/GRID-Arendal are also located in the city of Arendal.The 270-square-kilometre (100 sq mi) municipality is the 288th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Arendal is the 20th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 44 800. The municipality's population density is 174.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (452/sq mi) and its population has increased by 11.3% over the last decade.", "Q174690": "Robert Emmett Jones Jr. (June 12, 1912 \u2013 June 4, 1997) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from the 8th district of Alabama. He was the last to represent that district before it was removed as a result of the 1970 United States Census. Presently there are seven U.S. House districts in Alabama.", "Q613322": "Sir Charles Tilston Bright (8 June 1832 \u2013 3 May 1888) was a British electrical engineer who oversaw the laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable in 1858, for which work he was knighted.\n\n", "Q198638": "Jonathan Ray Banks (born January 31, 1947) is an American actor. His first notable film roles were in the films Airplane! (1980), 48 Hrs. (1982), and Beverly Hills Cop (1984). He has received critical acclaim for his role as former police officer turned hitman Mike Ehrmantraut in the television series Breaking Bad (2009\u20132012) and its spin-off Better Call Saul (2015\u2013present) as well as El Camino: A Breaking Bad Movie. Earlier he was well-reviewed as Frank McPike in Wiseguy (1987\u20131990).He has received six Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series (1989, 2013, 2015-2017, 2019) for his work on all three series, making him the only actor with nominations as a main cast member for three different shows in this category, two of which feature him as the same character.\n\n", "Q77405": "Marianne Koch (born 19 August 1931) is a retired German actress of the 1950s and 1960s, best known for her appearances in spaghetti westerns and adventure films of the 1960s. She later worked as a television host and as a physician.", "Q165789": "Oxmo Puccino (born Abdoulaye Diarra; 3 August 1974) is a hip hop musician born in Mali.\n\n", "Q229249": "Jennifer Mary \"Jenna\" Elfman (n\u00e9e Butala; born September 30, 1971) is an American actress, best known for her leading role as Dharma on the ABC sitcom Dharma & Greg (1997-2002), for which she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy in 1999, and was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. \nElfman is best known for her performances in television comedies. Her first leading role was in the short-lived ABC sitcom Townies in 1996, before making her film debut in the 1997 comedy Grosse Pointe Blank. Later, she went to star in the films Krippendorf's Tribe (1998), Dr. Dolittle (1998), EDtv (1999), Keeping the Faith (2000), Town & Country (2001), Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003), Clifford's Really Big Movie (2004) and Big Stone Gap (2014).\nElfman made her return to series television with a leading role in the CBS sitcom Courting Alex in 2006. It was cancelled after one season. She went on to star in the sitcoms Accidentally on Purpose (2009\u201310), 1600 Penn (2012\u201313), Growing Up Fisher (2014), and Imaginary Mary (2017); all were cancelled after single seasons. She had a recurring role in the FX legal drama Damages in 2012, and in 2018 is a series regular on the AMC horror drama Fear the Walking Dead.", "Q690759": "Andr\u00e1s Kepes (born October 11, 1948) is a Hungarian author, television host, documentary filmmaker and academic. He is Professor of film and media and Chair of the Council of Arts of the Budapest Metropolitan University (METU).", "Q818134": "PGP-RTB (abbreviation for Serbian: Produkcija gramofonskih plo\u010da Radio televizije Beograd) was a major state-owned record label and chain record store in the former SFR Yugoslavia, based in Belgrade, Socialist Republic of Serbia.", "Q736834": "St. Cloud is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the largest population center in the state's central region. Its population is 68,043 according to the 2018 US census estimates, making it Minnesota's tenth largest city. St. Cloud is the county seat of Stearns County and was named after the city of Saint-Cloud, France (in \u00cele-de-France, near Paris), which was named after the 6th-century French monk Clodoald.\nThough mostly in Stearns County, St. Cloud also extends into Benton and Sherburne counties, and straddles the Mississippi River. It is the center of a small, contiguous urban area totaling over 120,000 residents, with Waite Park, Sauk Rapids, Sartell, St. Joseph, Rockville, and St. Augusta directly bordering the city, and Foley, Rice, Kimball, Clearwater, Clear Lake, and Cold Spring nearby. With 189,093 residents at the 2010 census, the St. Cloud metropolitan area is the fourth-largest in Minnesota, behind Minneapolis\u2013St. Paul, Duluth\u2013Superior, and Rochester. (The population of Fargo-Moorhead is also larger than St. Cloud's, but most of that is in North Dakota, with only 58,999 residents in Minnesota.)\nSt. Cloud is 65 miles (105 km) northwest of the Twin Cities of Minneapolis\u2013St. Paul along Interstate 94, U.S. Highway 52 (conjoined with I-94), U.S. Highway 10, Minnesota State Highway 15, and Minnesota State Highway 23. The St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is made up of Stearns and Benton Counties.\nThe city was included in a newly defined Minneapolis\u2013St. Paul\u2013St. Cloud Combined Statistical Area (CSA) in 2000. St. Cloud as a whole has never been part of the 13-county MSA comprising Minneapolis, St. Paul, Bloomington and parts of western Wisconsin, although its Sherburne County portion is considered part of the Twin Cities metropolitan area by Census Bureau definition.\nSt. Cloud State University, Minnesota's third-largest public university, is located between the downtown area and the Beaver Islands, which form a maze for a two-mile stretch of the Mississippi. The approximately 30 undeveloped islands are a popular destination for kayak and canoe enthusiasts and are part of a state-designated 12-mile stretch of wild and scenic river.St. Cloud owns and operates a hydroelectric dam on the Mississippi that can produce up to ten megawatts of electricity.", "Q66508": "Sch\u00f6nenbuch (Swiss German: Sch\u00f6nebuech) is a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.", "Q208287": "Kauniainen (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u0251uni\u02cc\u0251inen]; Swedish: Grankulla) is a small town and a municipality of 9,559 inhabitants (31 January 2019) in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland. It is surrounded by the City of Espoo, in Greater Helsinki. Kauniainen was founded by a corporation in 1906, AB Grankulla, that parcelled land and created a suburb for villas; Kauniainen received the status of a market town in 1920, the Finnish name in 1949, and the title of kaupunki (\"city, town\") in 1972.\nThe municipal taxation rate in Kauniainen is the lowest in Finland (16.5%), which has made the city attractive to high-income families. This in turn makes the average income generally high, making it possible to keep the taxation rate low without compromising the service to the inhabitants.\nApproximately 58% of the population have Finnish as their mother tongue while 38% are Swedish speakers. The dominant party in the city council has traditionally been the Swedish People's Party.", "Q96189": "Hilde Seipp (1909\u20131999) was a German stage and film actress.\n\n", "Q245387": "Zygmunt Pu\u0142awski (October 24, 1901 \u2013 March 21, 1931) was a Polish aircraft designer and pilot. He invented a gull-wing aircraft design, also known as \"Pu\u0142awski wing\" and constructed a series of Polish PZL fighters.\nHe was born in Lublin. In the summer of 1920, during the Soviet offensive in the Polish-Soviet War, he volunteered for a Boy Scout battalion. In late 1920 he commenced studies at Warsaw University of Technology. He was a member of the Aviation Section of the Students' Mechanical Club, where he constructed some gliders. He distinguished himself as a thorough and able student. In 1925 he graduated from the University, receiving the Engineer title, and left for practice in the Breguet works in France. After his return, he served in the national service, completing military aviation school in Bydgoszcz and becoming a pilot. From 1927 he became a main designer of the Central Aviation Workshops (CWL) at S\u0142upecka Street in Warsaw, soon reorganized into the PZL (Pa\u0144stwowe Zak\u0142ady Lotnicze - State Aviation Works).\nTo meet a requirement of the Polish military department, in 1928 Pu\u0142awski designed a modern all-metal high-wing fighter with an inline engine, PZL P.1. For the P.1, he invented a gull-wing design, giving the pilot an excellent view from his cockpit. The P.1 was flown in 1929 and met with great interest in the world. Its wing design became also known as \"Pu\u0142awski wing\" or \"Polish wing\", and was later copied in some other designs in the world. The P.1 was not produced, in a favour of Pu\u0142awski's next designs with a radial engine, preferred by the Polish Air Force. A development of the P/1 was the PZL P.6 with a radial engine, first flown in 1930. With a pilot Boles\u0142aw Orli\u0144ski, it won a National Air Races in the USA. It was named the best fighter in the world by some of military press at that time. Its improved variant, PZL P.7, was produced for the Polish Air Force (150 made). In early 1931 Pu\u0142awski designed another fighter development PZL P.8, returning to his favourite inline engine. In 1930, he was also ordered to start working upon the P.7 development, with a stronger engine and begun design work upon the PZL P.11 then.\nPu\u0142awski also flew aircraft in the Warsaw Aeroclub. He died on March 21, 1931 in a crash of his newest amphibious flying boat PZL.12 in Warsaw, at the age of 29 (the plane fell due to strong wind, after take-off). After his death, the PZL P.11 project was finished by Wsiewo\u0142od Jakimiuk, becoming the main Polish fighter during the Invasion of Poland 1939. Additionally, a faster export model PZL P.24, based entirely on Pu\u0142awski's construction features, was developed and sold to some countries.\nPu\u0142awski was one of the most talented Polish designers. Partly due to his death, Pu\u0142awski's fighters, most modern in the early 1930s, had not been replaced with modern successors before 1939, when they were already obsolete.", "Q338436": "Lawrence Burst Sperry (21 December 1892, Chicago, Illinois, United States \u2013 December 13, 1923, English Channel) was an aviation pioneer.", "Q275244": "Eugenie Ann \"Genie\" Francis (born May 26, 1962) is an American actress. She is best known for playing the role of Laura Spencer on the television soap opera General Hospital from 1977 to present, for which she won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2007.\nFrancis also appeared in the soap operas Days of Our Lives from 1987 to 1989, All My Children from 1990 to 1992 and The Young and the Restless from 2011 to 2012.", "Q679851": "Vincenzo Consolo (18 February 1933 \u2013 21 January 2012) was an Italian writer.\nConsolo was born in Sant'Agata di Militello, but resided in Milan from 1969 until his death. He began his literary career in 1963, but gained wider attention in 1976 with Il sorriso dell\u2019ignoto marinaio (The Smile of the Unknown Mariner) and went on to become an award-winning author.", "Q562211": "Ohlsdorf Cemetery (German: Ohlsdorfer Friedhof or (former) Hauptfriedhof Ohlsdorf) in the Ohlsdorf quarter of the city of Hamburg, Germany, is the biggest rural cemetery in the world and the fourth-largest cemetery in the world. Most of the people buried at the cemetery are civilians, but there is also a large number of victims of war from various nations. The cemetery notably includes the Old Hamburg Memorial Cemetery (Althamburgischer Ged\u00e4chtnisfriedhof, formerly Ehrenfriedhof) with the graves of many notable Hamburg citizens.", "Q367132": "Francesco Saverio Vincenzo de Paolo Nitti (19 July 1868 \u2013 20 February 1953) was an Italian economist and political figure. A Radical, he served as Prime Minister of Italy between 1919 and 1920.\nAccording to the Catholic Encyclopedia (\"Theories of Overpopulation\"), Nitti (Population and the Social System, 1894) was a staunch critic of English economist Thomas Robert Malthus and his Principle of Population. He was an important meridionalist and studied the origins of Southern Italian problems that arose after Italian unification.", "Q166280": "S.A. or SA designates a type of public company in certain countries that mostly have Romance languages as its official language and employ civil law. Depending on language, it means anonymous company, anonymous partnership, share company, or joint-stock company, roughly equivalent to public limited company in United Kingdom company law and a public company in United States corporate law. It is different from partnerships and private limited companies.\nOriginally, shareholders could be literally anonymous and collect dividends by surrendering coupons attached to their share certificates. Dividends were therefore paid to whoever held the certificate. Share certificates could be transferred privately, and therefore the management of the company would not necessarily know who owned its shares.\nLike bearer bonds, anonymous unregistered share ownership and dividend collection enabled money laundering, tax evasion, and concealed business transactions in general, so governments passed laws to audit the practice. Nowadays, shareholders of S.A.s are not anonymous, though shares can still be held by holding companies in order to obscure the beneficiary.", "Q909993": "Brentwood is a town in the Borough of Brentwood, in the county of Essex in the East of England. It is in the London commuter belt, 20 miles (30 km) east-north-east of Charing Cross, and near the M25 motorway. As of 2017, the population of the town is estimated to be 54,885.Brentwood is a suburban town with a small but expanding shopping area and high street. Beyond this are residential developments surrounded by open countryside and woodland; some of this countryside lies within only a few hundred yards of the town centre.\nBrentwood has been twinned since 1978 with Roth, Germany and since 1994 with Montbazon, France. It also has a relationship with Brentwood, Tennessee in the United States.", "Q8484": "The Lyc\u00e9e du Parc is a public secondary school located in the sixth arrondissement of Lyon, France. Its name comes from the Parc de la T\u00eate d'Or, one of Europe's largest urban parks, which is situated nearby.\nIt provides a lyc\u00e9e-level education and also offers classes pr\u00e9paratoires, or pr\u00e9pas, preparing students for entrance to the elite Grandes \u00c9coles such as Ecole Polytechnique, Centrale Paris, ESSEC Business school or HEC Paris.\nThe school was built on the cite of the former Lunette des Charpennes, part of the Ceintures de Lyon system of fortifications built in the 19th century.", "Q459293": "Arturo Barea Ogaz\u00f3n (20 September 1897 \u2013 24 December 1957) was a Spanish journalist, broadcaster and writer. After the Spanish Civil War, Barea lived in exile in the United Kingdom until his death.", "Q683725": "Kazimierz Fabrycy (3 March 1888, Odessa - 18 July 1958) was a Polish general.", "Q192301": "Broken Flowers is a 2005 French-American comedy-drama film written and directed by Jim Jarmusch and produced by Jon Kilik and Stacey Smith. The film focuses on an aging \"Don Juan\" who embarks on a cross-country journey to track down four of his former lovers after receiving an anonymous letter stating that he has a son. The film stars Bill Murray, Jeffrey Wright, Sharon Stone, Frances Conroy, Jessica Lange, Tilda Swinton, Julie Delpy, Mark Webber, Chlo\u00eb Sevigny, Christopher McDonald and Alexis Dziena.", "Q298694": "Clifford Smith Jr. (born March 2, 1971), better known by his stage name Method Man, is an American rapper, record producer and actor. He is known as a member of the East Coast hip hop collective Wu-Tang Clan. He is also one half of the hip hop duo Method Man & Redman. He took his stage name from the 1979 film Method Man. In 1996, Smith won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group, for \"I'll Be There for You/You're All I Need to Get By\", featuring American R&B singer Mary J. Blige.\nSmith has appeared in films such as 187 (1997), Belly (1998), How High (2001), Garden State (2004), The Wackness (2008), Venom (2005), Red Tails (2012), Keanu (2016), and The Cobbler (2014). On television, he and frequent collaborator, fellow East Coast rapper Redman, co-starred on the short-lived Fox sitcom Method & Red. He has also had recurring roles in three HBO series, as Tug Daniels in Oz, Melvin \"Cheese\" Wagstaff in The Wire, and Rodney in The Deuce. Method Man also appears in the TBS comedy The Last O.G..", "Q321601": "Aquiles Nazoa (Caracas, 17 May 1920 - 26 April 1976) was a Venezuelan writer, journalist, poet and humorist. His work expressed the values of popular Venezuelan culture.\nHe worked in the newspaper El Universal as a packer, later becoming a proof-reader. He had also begun to read English and French which allowed him to work simultaneously as a tourist guide in the Museo de Bellas Artes. He became the correspondent of El Universal in Puerto Cabello and was arrested in 1940 for defamation and slanderous allegations when criticising the Municipal authorities.\nHe worked in Tropical Radio, had a column in El Universal entitled Punta de lanza (spearhead), and was reporter for the newspaper \u00daltimas Noticias. He collaborated in the weekly magazine El Morrocoy Azul and the newspaper El Nacional. He wrote for the Colombian magazine, S\u00e1bado (Saturday) and lived a year in Cuba. In 1945, he became editor of the magazine Fantoches. In 1956, he was expelled from the country by the regime of Marcos P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez, but returned in 1958.\nIn 1948, Nazoa obtained the Premio Nacional de Periodismo (National Journalism Prize) in the\nhumour and customs section. He was also awarded the Premio Municipal de Literatura del Distrito Federal (Municipal Prize for Literature of the Federal District) in 1967.\nHe died in an automobile accident between Caracas and Valencia.", "Q170384": "Operetta is a form of theatre and a genre of light opera, light in terms of both music and subject matter. It includes spoken dialogue, songs, and dances. \"Operetta\" is the Italian diminutive of \"opera\" and was used originally to describe a shorter, perhaps less ambitious work than an opera. Operetta became a recognizable form in the mid-1800s in France, and its popularity led to the development of many national styles of operetta. Operetta as a genre lost favor in the 1930s and gave way to modern musical theatre. Important operetta composers include Johann Strauss, Jacques Offenbach and Franz Lehar.", "Q65767": "Birwinken is a municipality in the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q91180": "Conrad von Bolanden (9 August 1828 \u2013 30 May 1920), born Joseph Eduard Konrad Bischoff, was a German prelate and novelist in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer, who wrote A Wedding Trip, Queen Bertha and Historical Tales of Frederick II.", "Q337063": "Swraj Paul, Baron Paul, PC (born 18 February 1931) is an Indian-born, British-based business magnate and philanthropist. In 1996 he was appointed a life peer by Conservative Prime Minister John Major, and sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher with the title Baron Paul, of Marylebone, in the City of Westminster. In December 2008 he was appointed deputy speaker of the Lords; in October 2009 he was appointed to the Privy Council.", "Q1769847": "Robert Mylne (4 January 1733 \u2013 5 May 1811) was a Scottish architect and civil engineer, particularly remembered for his design for Blackfriars Bridge in London. Born and raised in Edinburgh, he travelled to Europe as a young man, studying architecture in Rome under Piranesi. In 1758 he became the first Briton to win the triennial architecture competition at the Accademia di San Luca, which made his name known in London, and won him the rivalry of fellow Scot Robert Adam.\nOn his return to Britain, Mylne won the competition to design the new Blackfriars Bridge over the Thames in London, his design being chosen over those of established engineers, such as John Smeaton. He was appointed surveyor to the New River Company, which supplied drinking water to London, and Surveyor of the Fabric of St Paul's Cathedral, where he was responsible for maintaining the building designed by Sir Christopher Wren. Both positions he held for life. Mylne designed a number of country houses and city buildings, as well as bridges. As his career progressed he concentrated more on engineering, writing reports on harbours and advising on canals, and appearing as an expert witness in lawsuits and trials.\nMylne was one of the founder members, with John Smeaton, of the Society of Civil Engineers, the first engineering society in the world, established in 1771. He was also a founder of the Architects' Club, another early professional body, and regularly socialised with the eminent doctors, philosophers and scientists of his day. Known for his quick temper and for his integrity, Mylne had a strong sense of duty, and could be stubborn when he knew he was right. This inflexibility made him unpopular with some, in an age when corruption was more widespread than today. He died aged 78 and was buried in St Paul's Cathedral.\n\n", "Q33521": "Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as science, engineering, business, computer science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term \"applied mathematics\" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models. \nIn the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.", "Q725848": "William Anthony \"Bill\" Oefelein (; born March 29, 1965) is an American test pilot instructor and former NASA astronaut who, on his only spaceflight, piloted the STS-116 Space Shuttle mission.Oefelein gained media attention on February 5, 2007 when fellow astronaut Lisa Nowak was arrested in Florida and charged with attempting to kidnap his girlfriend, U.S. Air Force Captain Colleen Shipman. Nowak later pleaded guilty to felony burglary and misdemeanor battery. Oefelein admitted to a two-year affair with Nowak, and he and Nowak became the first astronauts ever dismissed from NASA. Following the dismissals, NASA created its first astronaut Code of Conduct.", "Q3183664": "Joram Piatigorsky (born February 24, 1940) is an American author, molecular biologist and eye researcher. He was the founding chief of the Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health (1981\u20132009). He is the recipient of the 2008 Hellen Keller Prize for Vision Research. He is the son of cellist Gregor Piatigorsky and Jacqueline de Rothschild.", "Q718277": "Aleksander Vinter is a Norwegian musician. He has released a vast amount of work under numerous aliases but is best known for his work under the alias Savant.", "Q238422": "Patti Austin (born August 10, 1950) is an American R&B, pop, and jazz singer.", "Q782349": "Ismael Miranda, also known as El Ni\u00f1o Bonito de la Salsa (\"The Pretty Boy of Salsa\") (born February 20, 1950) is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter.", "Q560360": "Talgat Amangeldyuly Musabayev (Kazakh: \u0422\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0442 \u0410\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435\u043b\u0434\u0456\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u041c\u04b1\u0441\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432, Tal\u01f5at Amankeldiuly Musabaev; born 7 January 1951) is a Kazakh test pilot and former cosmonaut who flew on three spaceflights. His first two spaceflights were long-duration stays aboard the Russian space station Mir. His third spaceflight was a short duration visiting mission to the International Space Station, which also carried the first paying space tourist Dennis Tito. He retired as a cosmonaut in November 2003. Since 2007 he has been head of Kazakhstan's National Space Agency, KazCosmos.", "Q603643": "Jozsef Koves (born 1938), is a Hungarian writer, currently living in Hungary.", "Q93797": "Franz Carl Heimito, Ritter von Doderer; known as Heimito von Doderer (5 September 1896, Weidlingau (now part of Hadersdorf-Weidlingau, Penzing, the 14th District of Vienna) \u2013 23 December 1966, Vienna) was an Austrian writer. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times.", "Q1098429": "Claus Bantzer (born 10 October 1942 in Marburg) is a German church musician, composer and director.", "Q231360": "Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell, CBE (14 July 1868 \u2013 12 July 1926) was an English writer, traveller, political officer, administrator, and archaeologist who explored, mapped, and became highly influential to British imperial policy-making due to her knowledge and contacts, built up through extensive travels in Greater Syria, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, and Arabia. Along with T. E. Lawrence, Bell helped support the Hashemite dynasties in what is today Jordan as well as in Iraq.\nShe played a major role in establishing and helping administer the modern state of Iraq, using her unique perspective from her travels and relations with tribal leaders throughout the Middle East. During her lifetime she was highly esteemed and trusted by British officials and exerted an immense amount of power. She has been described as \"one of the few representatives of His Majesty's Government remembered by the Arabs with anything resembling affection\".\n\n", "Q2367115": "The MSU Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics (also known as Department of Mechanics and Mathematics) is one of the most esteemed faculties of Moscow State University, widely regarded by students as one of the toughest faculties in the university.", "Q172593": "Montauban (US: , French: [m\u0254\u0303tob\u0251\u0303] (listen); Occitan: Montalban [muntal\u02c8\u03b2a]) is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France. It is the capital of the department and lies 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Toulouse. Montauban is the most populated town in Tarn-et-Garonne, and the sixth most populated of Occitanie behind Toulouse, Montpellier, N\u00eemes, Perpignan and B\u00e9ziers. In 2013, there were 57,921 inhabitants, called Montalbanais. The town has been classified Ville d\u2019art et d\u2019histoire (City of art and history) since 2015.\nThe town, built mainly of a reddish brick, stands on the right bank of the Tarn at its confluence with the Tescou.", "Q278006": "Rahman (born Rashin Rahman) is an Indian film actor who has starred in over 150 films, primarily Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu films. In Tamil and Telugu cinema, he is also known by the screen names Raghuman and Raghu.\nRahman made his debut in Koodevide (1983), for which he won his first Kerala State Award for Best Supporting Actor. He was a popular teen idol in Malayalam cinema during the 1980s, later on he became a lead actor in Tamil cinema during the late 1980s and early 1990s. He eventually shifted to Tamil and Telugu films during the 1990s. He did make a comeback in Malayalam films since 2004 and has been acting in leading and supporting roles in Tamil and Telugu films after the 2000s.", "Q1338141": "Jesse Ramsden FRS FRSE (6 October 1735 \u2013 5 November 1800) was a British mathematician, astronomical and scientific instrument maker. His reputation was built on the engraving and design of dividing engines which allowed high accuracy measurements of angles and lengths in instruments. He produced instruments for astronomy that were especially well-known for maritime use where they were needed for the measurement of latitudes and for his surveying instruments which were widely used for cartography and land survey both across the British Empire and outside. An achromatic eyepiece that he invented for telescopes and microscopes continues to be known as the Ramsden eyepiece.\n\n", "Q1064692": "Charles Harting \"Chuck\" Percy (September 27, 1919 \u2013 September 17, 2011) was an American businessman and politician. He was president of the Bell & Howell Corporation from 1949 to 1964. In 1966, he was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Republican, serving for three terms until 1985, when he was defeated by Paul Simon. He was mentioned as a Republican presidential hopeful from 1968 through 1988. During his Senate career, Percy concentrated on business and foreign relations.", "Q59101": "Narvik is a town and the administrative centre of Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The town is located along the Ofotfjorden in the Ofoten region. The town lies on a peninsula located between the Rombaken fjord and the Beisfjorden. The European route E06 highway runs through the Beisfjord Bridge and H\u00e5logaland Bridge crossing the two small fjords surrounding the town.The 6.78-square-kilometre (1,680-acre) town has a population (2018) of 14,141 which gives the town a population density of 2,086 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,400/sq mi).Narvik Church is the main church for the town. Narvik is a commercial centre for the region. Narvik University College has approximately 1,200 students. There are some high-tech businesses in Narvik (among them Natech).", "Q269094": "Richard Charles Rodgers (June 28, 1902 \u2013 December 30, 1979) was an American composer, known largely for his work in musical theater. With 43 Broadway musicals and over 900 songs to his credit, Rodgers was one of the most significant American composers of the 20th century, and his compositions had a significant impact on popular music. \nHe is best known for his songwriting partnerships with the lyricists Lorenz Hart, with whom he wrote several musicals throughout the 1920s and 1930s, including Pal Joey, A Connecticut Yankee, On Your Toes and Babes in Arms, and Oscar Hammerstein II, with whom he wrote musicals through the 1940s and 1950s such as Oklahoma!, Carousel, South Pacific, The King and I, and The Sound of Music. His collaborations with Hammerstein, in particular, are celebrated for bringing the Broadway musical to a new maturity by telling stories that were focused around characters and drama rather than the light-hearted entertainment that the genre was known for beforehand. \nRodgers was the first person to win what is considered the top American entertainment awards in television, recording, movies, and Broadway \u2013 an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony Award \u2014 now known collectively as an EGOT. In addition, he was awarded a Pulitzer Prize, making him one of only two people to receive all five awards (Marvin Hamlisch is the other).", "Q1054816": "Moscow State Linguistic University (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, \u041c\u0413\u041b\u0423), previously known as Maurice Thorez Moscow State Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430, \u041c\u0413\u041f\u0418\u0418\u042f \u0438\u043c. \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430 and still often referred to as InYaz) is a university in Moscow, Russia. It is the largest and the oldest university in Russia that specializes in linguistics and foreign languages. There are about 10 thousand students and postgraduates in the university. Education is available in 35 languages.", "Q381528": "Wanda is a 1970 American independent drama film written and directed by Barbara Loden, who also stars in the title role. Set in the anthracite coal region of eastern Pennsylvania, the film focuses on an apathetic woman with limited options who inadvertently goes on the run with a bank robber.\nInspired by her own past feelings of aimlessness, as well as a newspaper article detailing a woman's participation in a bank robbery, Loden wrote the screenplay for Wanda before securing financing through Harry Shuster, a Los Angeles-based producer. The film was shot on location with a small crew of around seven people, primarily in eastern Pennsylvania and Connecticut, and much of the dialog and filming was improvised, with Loden only loosely referring to the screenplay.\nWanda was chosen for the 31st Venice International Film Festival, where it won the Pasinetti Award for Best Foreign Film. A restored version of the film was screened out of competition at the 67th Venice International Film Festival in 2010. In 2017, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q105684": "Reinhold Eggers (1890\u20131974) was the security officer at Oflag IV-C from November 1940 until April 1945, promoted to chief of security in 1944. The Nova television programme Nazi Prison Escape, a shortened cut of a British documentary series, was based on his books about Colditz. He spent 10 years in Russian-ordered imprisonment following the war, and was released in 1955.", "Q518344": "Michael \"Mikko\" Kozarowitzky (born 17 May 1948) is a former racing driver from Finland. With a solid background in various lower formulae, he reached Formula One in 1977. Driving for the RAM team, which was then running March 761 cars, Kozarowitzky entered the 1977 Swedish Grand Prix where he failed to qualify mainly thanks to a lack of testing time in the car.\nHis next attempt was at the 1977 British Grand Prix where he failed to pre-qualify following an accident avoiding Rupert Keegan during practice. Kozarowitzky broke his hand in the accident and left the team after they wanted him to try to qualify in the spare car despite his injury. His Formula One plans for 1978 came to nothing due to lack of funds, and he then retired from the sport.", "Q94167": "Maria Rohm (13 August 1945 \u2013 18 June 2018) was an Austrian actress.Born Helga Grohmann in Vienna, she started her acting career at the very young age, working at the famous Viennese Burgtheatre as a child actor from ages 4 through 13. She continued her theatrical work until the age of 18 when she auditioned for British film producer, Harry Alan Towers, whom she would later marry. Working with Towers she became famous for appearing in a number of films directed by Jes\u00fas Franco in the late 1960s.", "Q181584": "SDN48 (read \"S.D.N. Forty-eight\", short for Saturday Night 48) was a Japanese idol girl group, created and produced by Yasushi Akimoto. SDN48 was created based on an \"adult idol\" concept. Former AKB48 member Kayo Noro was chosen as the captain of the group. In November 2010, the group made their major label debut with \"Gagaga\". The group ended with a farewell concert on March 31, 2012.\n\n", "Q1411165": "\"Fiddlin'\" John Carson (March 23, 1868 \u2013 December 11, 1949) was an American old-time fiddler and singer who recorded what is widely considered to be the first country music song featuring vocals and lyrics.", "Q71855": "Georg Bernhard Bilfinger (23 January 1693 \u2013 18 February 1750), German philosopher, mathematician and statesman, son of a Lutheran minister.", "Q322297": "Steven 'Steve' Katz (born May 9, 1945, Brooklyn, New York City) is a guitarist, singer, and record producer who is best known as a member of the rock-pop-jazz group Blood, Sweat & Tears. Katz was an original member of the rock bands The Blues Project and American Flyer. As a producer, his credits include the 1979 album Short Stories Tall Tales for the Irish band Horslips, and the Lou Reed albums Rock 'n' Roll Animal and Sally Can't Dance and the Elliott Murphy album Night Lights.", "Q5981": "Alavus (Swedish: Alavo) is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Southern Ostrobothnia region. The town has a population of 11,545 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 1,151.46 square kilometres (444.58 sq mi) of which 52.31 km2 (20.20 sq mi) is water. The population density is 14.61 inhabitants per square kilometre (37.8/sq mi). Neighbouring municipalities are Alaj\u00e4rvi, Kuortane, Sein\u00e4joki, Virrat and \u00c4ht\u00e4ri.\nAgriculture and forestry employ a significant share of the population. Most of the industry in Alavus is related to construction: materials, design and contractors. Alavus has 60 lakes with 324 kilometres (201 mi) of shoreline. The town is unilingually Finnish.", "Q1349627": "Kirk Dewayne Franklin (born January 26, 1970) is an American choir director, gospel musician, singer, songwriter, and author. He is best known for leading urban contemporary gospel choirs such as The Family, God's Property, and One Nation Crew (1NC) among many others; and has won numerous awards, including 15 Grammy Awards. Variety dubbed Franklin as a \"Reigning King of Urban Gospel\".", "Q2151594": "Richard Michael Nolan (born December 17, 1943) is an American politician, businessman and member of the Minnesota Democratic\u2013Farmer\u2013Labor Party who served as the U.S. Representative from Minnesota's 8th congressional district from 2013 to 2019. He previously served as the U.S. Representative from Minnesota's 6th congressional district between 1975 and 1981.\nAfter re-entering politics in 2011, he was nominated to challenge first-term incumbent Republican Chip Cravaack in the 8th district, defeating him on November 6, 2012. Nolan was re-elected in 2014 and 2016.\nNolan's 32-year gap between terms in Congress is the longest such break in service in American political history. On February 9, 2018, Nolan announced he would retire from Congress at the end of his current term. Nolan ran for Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota as the running mate of Minnesota Attorney General Lori Swanson in the 2018 gubernatorial election. They were defeated in the August primary by Tim Walz and Peggy Flanagan.", "Q1242000": "Donald Jay Deutsch (born November 22, 1957) is an American branding and marketing professional, television personality, and former Chairman of advertising firm Deutsch Inc.\nDeutsch joined his father's advertising firm, David Deutsch Associates, in 1983. In 1989, his father handed full control of the agency to Donny. He hosted the MSNBC talk show Saturday Night Politics with Donny Deutsch (2019). He previously hosted the CNBC talk show The Big Idea with Donny Deutsch (2004\u20132008).", "Q866207": "The Neptunes is an American production duo composed of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo. Williams often provides additional vocals on records as well as appears in music videos, unlike Hugo, who tends to stay behind the scenes.\nThe Neptunes are considered one of the most successful producers in music history, noted by twenty-four Billboard Hot 100 top 10 hits during the late 1990s and 2000s. In 2009, Billboard ranked The Neptunes number one on their list of the top 10 producers of the decade. \nIn 2019, The Neptunes were nominated to the Songwriters Hall of Fame as a part of the 2020 class.", "Q2364583": "Christine Dumitriu Van Saanen (1932 \u2013 April 2008) was a Romanian-born Canadian writer, educator, engineer and geologist.The daughter of a Dutch diplomat in Romania, she was born in Bucharest and was educated there and at the Oil & Gas Institute. She came to Canada in 1977. She taught at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al and then the Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al. From 1982 to 1987, she taught at the University of Calgary. In 1982, she founded the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 litt\u00e9raire francophone de l'Alberta and served as its president until 1987. She then moved to Ottawa, where she was head of a company specializing in artificial intelligence. She moved to Toronto in 1990, where she taught French to members of the public service. In 1992, she founded the Salon du livre de Toronto and served as its director general until 2006. The annual prize awarded by the Salon du livre was named the Prix Christine-Dumitriu-van-Saanen in 1999. Van Saanen also taught at Glendon College at York University.She published both scientific articles and poetry. Poetry collections included L'Univers est, donc je suis (1998), M\u00e9moires de la Terre (1999), Les Heures sable (2001), La Saga cosmique (2003) and Hommage aux origines de la vie (2006).Van Saanen died in Toronto at the age of 76 from complications related to cancer.", "Q441543": "Anthea Elizabeth Joy McIntyre (born 29 June 1954) is a British Conservative Party politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for the West Midlands from 2011 to 2020.", "Q65820": "Bichelsee-Balterswil is a municipality in the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. It was formed from the union on January 1, 1996 of Bichelsee and Balterswil.", "Q457321": "Fernando Juan Santiago Francisco Mar\u00eda Piria de Grossi (Montevideo, 21 August 1847 - 11 December 1933) was a Uruguayan businessman of Italian descent.\nHe was notable for establishing the seaside resort known as Piri\u00e1polis.", "Q42247": "Ren\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois Armand (Sully) Prudhomme (French: [syli p\u0281yd\u0254m]; 16 March 1839 \u2013 6 September 1907) was a French poet and essayist. He was the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901.\nBorn in Paris, Prudhomme originally studied to be an engineer, but turned to philosophy and later to poetry; he declared it as his intention to create scientific poetry for modern times. In character sincere and melancholic, he was linked to the Parnassus school, although, at the same time, his work displays characteristics of its own.", "Q96770": "Heinrich von Pierer (exactly Heinrich Karl Friedrich Eduard Pierer von Esch) (born 26 January 1941 in Erlangen) is a German manager. From 1992 to 2005, he was CEO of Siemens AG. Subsequently, he was chairman of the supervisory board from which he resigned on 25 April 2007.", "Q6250": "Western Sahara (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u200e\u200e a\u1e63-\u1e62a\u1e25r\u0101' al-Gharbiyyah; Berber languages: Tane\u1e93roft Tutrimt; Spanish and French: Sahara Occidental) is a disputed territory on the northwest coast and in the Maghreb region of North and West Africa, partially controlled by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and partially occupied by neighboring Morocco. Its surface area amounts to 266,000 square kilometres (103,000 sq mi). It is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, mainly consisting of desert flatlands. The population is estimated at just over 500,000, of which nearly 40% live in Laayoune, the largest city in Western Sahara.\nOccupied by Spain until the late 20th century, Western Sahara has been on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories since 1963 after a Moroccan demand. It is the most populous territory on that list, and by far the largest in area. In 1965, the United Nations General Assembly adopted its first resolution on Western Sahara, asking Spain to decolonize the territory. One year later, a new resolution was passed by the General Assembly requesting that a referendum be held by Spain on self-determination. In 1975, Spain relinquished the administrative control of the territory to a joint administration by Morocco (which had formally claimed the territory since 1957) and Mauritania. A war erupted between those countries and a Sahrawi nationalist movement, the Polisario Front, which proclaimed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) with a government in exile in Tindouf, Algeria. Mauritania withdrew its claims in 1979, and Morocco eventually secured de facto control of most of the territory, including all the major cities and natural resources. The United Nations considers the Polisario Front to be the legitimate representative of the Sahrawi people, and maintains that the Sahrawis have a right to self-determination.Since a United Nations-sponsored ceasefire agreement in 1991, two thirds of the territory (including most of the Atlantic coastline \u2013 the only part of the coast outside the Moroccan Western Sahara Wall is the extreme south, including the Ras Nouadhibou peninsula) has been administered by the Moroccan government, with tacit support from France and the United States, and the remainder by the SADR, backed by Algeria. Internationally, countries such as Russia have taken a generally ambiguous and neutral position on each side's claims, and have pressed both parties to agree on a peaceful resolution. Both Morocco and Polisario have sought to boost their claims by accumulating formal recognition, especially from African, Asian, and Latin American states in the developing world. The Polisario Front has won formal recognition for SADR from 46 states, and was extended membership in the African Union. Morocco has won support for its position from several African governments and from most of the Muslim world and Arab League. In both instances, recognitions have, over the past two decades, been extended and withdrawn according to changing international trends.As of 2017, no other member state of the United Nations has ever officially recognized Moroccan sovereignty over parts of Western Sahara. However, a number of countries have expressed their support for a future recognition of the Moroccan annexation of the territory as an autonomous part of the Kingdom.\nHowever the African Union recognized in 1984 the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as one of its full members, with the same status as Morocco, and Morocco protested by suspending its membership to the African Union. Morocco was readmitted in the African Union on 30 January 2017 by ensuring that the conflicting claims between Morocco and the SADR would be solved peacefully and stopping the extension of its exclusive military control by building additional walls. The African Union however has not issued any formal statement about the border separating the sovereign territories of Morocco and the SADR in Western Sahara, until their conflict is resolved. Instead, the African Union participates with the United Nations mission, in order to maintain a ceasefire and reach a peace agreement between its two members. The African Union provides peacekeepers to the UN peacekeeping mission, in order to control a buffer zone near the de facto border of walls built by Morocco, and this area still remains a no-man's-land only without permanent residents except temporary controls by UN military peacekeepers and some incursions of the Moroccan army.", "Q289606": "Jennifer \"Jenny\" Frost (born 22 February 1978) is an English former singer, television presenter and model. She was a member of girl group Precious before replacing Kerry Katona in the chart-topping band Atomic Kitten from 2001 until they split in 2004. Frost returned with the group in 2005, 2006, and 2008 for one-off appearances but chose not to return when the group were invited to appear on ITV2's The Big Reunion in 2012. Original member Katona was asked to come back, and she agreed. Frost presented makeunder show Snog Marry Avoid? from 2008 to 2011. In 2011 she co-presented OK! TV alongside Jeff Brazier.", "Q72384": "Robert Jungk (German: [j\u028a\u014bk]; born Robert Baum, also known as Robert Baum-Jungk; May 11, 1913 \u2013 July 14, 1994) was an Austrian writer and journalist who wrote mostly on issues relating to nuclear weapons.", "Q484179": "Folk metal is a fusion genre of heavy metal music and traditional folk music that developed in Europe during the 1990s. It is characterised by the widespread use of folk instruments and, to a lesser extent, traditional singing styles (for example, Dutch Heidevolk, Danish Sylvatica and Spanish Stone of Erech). It also sometimes features soft instrumentation influenced by folk rock.\nThe earliest folk metal bands were Skyclad from England and Cruachan from Ireland. Skyclad's debut album The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth was released in 1991 and would be considered a thrash metal album with some folk influences, unlike Cruachan\u2019s early work which embraced the folk element as a defining part of their sound. It was not until 1994 and 1995 that other early contributors in the genre began to emerge from different regions of Europe and beyond. Among these early groups, the German band Subway to Sally spearheaded a different regional variation that over time became known as medieval metal. Despite their contributions, folk metal remained little known with few representatives during the 1990s. It was not until the early 2000s when the genre exploded into prominence, particularly in Finland with the efforts of such groups as Finntroll, Ensiferum, Korpiklaani, Turisas, and Moonsorrow.\nThe music of folk metal is characterised by its diversity with bands known to perform different styles of both heavy metal music and folk music. A large variety of folk instruments are used in the genre with many bands consequently featuring six or more members in their regular line-ups. A few bands are also known to rely on keyboards to simulate the sound of folk instruments. Lyrics in the genre commonly deal with fantasy, mythology, paganism, history and nature.", "Q193180": "Kajaani (Swedish: Kajana) is a town and municipality in Finland. It is the center and capital of the Kainuu region. It is located southeast of Ouluj\u00e4rvi (Lake Oulu), which drains to the Gulf of Bothnia along the Oulujoki (river Oulu). As of 31 January 2019, it had a population of 36,943.The town began in the 17th century, fuelled by the growth of the tar industry. It succumbed to Russian forces during the Greater Wrath of the 18th century, who ruined the Kajaani Castle in 1716. Today, the local economy is driven by mainly the sawmill, lumber and paper industries, although UPM Kymmene's Kajaani paper mill, the main employer from 1907 until 2008, has now closed. Kajaani Church was built in 1896 in the Neo-Gothic style by architect Jac Ahrenberg, replacing an earlier church. Kajaani Town Theatre was established in 1969.\nKajaani is home to two football clubs, AC Kajaani and Kajaanin Haka, and ice hockey team Hokki. Kajaani University of Applied Sciences was established in 1992.", "Q86563": "Gerd L\u00fcdemann (born 5 July 1946 in Visselh\u00f6vede, Lower Saxony), is a German New Testament scholar and historian. He taught this subject from 1983 to 1999 at the Faculty of Theology of the University of G\u00f6ttingen. Since 1999 he has taught there with a special status as Chair of History and Literature of Early Christianity. He is married with four children and seven grandchildren.\nAfter periods of teaching and research at McMaster University (1977\u201379) and Vanderbilt University (1979\u201382), he was appointed in 1983 to the Chair in New Testament Studies in the Theological Faculty of the University of G\u00f6ttingen. Following a series of historically critical publications culminating in the publication of his book Der gro\u00dfe Betrug: Und was Jesus wirklich sagte und tat (The Great Deception: And What Jesus Really Said and Did) in 1999, in which he argued that only about five per cent of the sayings attributed to Jesus are genuine and the historical evidence does not support the claims of traditional Christianity, the Confederation of Protestant Churches in Lower Saxony called for his dismissal from the Chair of New Testament Studies. L\u00fcdemann stated that his studies convinced him that his previous Christian faith, based as it was on Biblical Studies, had become impossible: 'the person of Jesus himself becomes insufficient as a foundation of faith once most of the New Testament statements about him have proved to be later interpretations by the community'.Although the call for his dismissal was rejected by the state government of Lower Saxony, the members of the faculty, under pressure from the Church, complained to the University President that Professor L\u00fcdemann had \"fundamentally put in question the intrinsic soundness of Protestant theology at the University\". As a result, a search for a new Chair of New Testament Studies was instituted, and L\u00fcdemann was \"assigned to the field of 'History and Literature of Early Christianity'.\" His research funding was cut. All his courses were thereafter \"explicitly identified as 'outside of the programs of study required for the training of future ministers of the Church'.\" L\u00fcdemann complained that 'most of my colleagues have long since left the principles of the Church behind them yet still seek to attach themselves to this tradition by symbolic interpretation and by other interpretative skills'.In 1997 and in 2002, he debated William Lane Craig over Jesus' resurrection.L\u00fcdemann's first student under his new title of Prof. of History and Literature of Early Christianity completed a PhD in G\u00f6ttingen University's faculty of humanities in 2017.", "Q1259": "Javier Felipe Ricardo P\u00e9rez de Cu\u00e9llar y de la Guerra (; Spanish: [xa\u02c8\u03b2je\u027e \u02c8perez \u00f0e \u02c8kwe\u029da\u027e]; January 19, 1920 \u2013 March 4, 2020) was a Peruvian politician and diplomat who served as the fifth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1, 1982 to December 31, 1991. He ran unsuccessfully against Alberto Fujimori for President of Peru in 1995 and following Fujimori's resignation over corruption charges, he was Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs from November 2000 until July 2001. In September 2004, he stepped down from his position as Peru's Ambassador to France, where he formerly resided. He was also a member of the Club de Madrid, a group of more than 100 former Presidents and Prime Ministers of democratic countries, which works to strengthen democracy worldwide. At the age of 100 years, 45 days, at the time of his death in March 2020 P\u00e9rez de Cu\u00e9llar was both the oldest living former Peruvian prime minister and Secretary General of the United Nations.", "Q242577": "Amy Jo Johnson (born October 6, 1970) is an American actress, filmmaker, singer, songwriter, and director. As an actress, Johnson is known for her roles as Kimberly Hart on Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, Julie Emrick on Felicity, and Jules Callaghan on Flashpoint.", "Q401601": "Ultimate Spider-Man is an American animated television series based on the Spider-Man comics published by Marvel Comics. The series featured writers such as Brian Michael Bendis (who also writes the comic book series of the same name), Paul Dini, and Man of Action (a group consisting of Steven T. Seagle, Joe Kelly, Joe Casey and Duncan Rouleau). The third season was retitled Ultimate Spider-Man: Web-Warriors and the fourth and final season was retitled Ultimate Spider-Man vs. the Sinister 6.\nIt was first announced to air on Disney XD in early 2012, and debuted alongside the second season of The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes as part of the Marvel Universe programming block on April 1, 2012.\nThe series ended on January 7, 2017, with the two-part \"Graduation Day\" episode. The series consisted of four seasons of twenty-six episodes each.\n\n", "Q349350": "Alan Wray Tudyk ( TYOO-dik; born March 16, 1971) is an American actor and voice actor known for his roles as Hoban \"Wash\" Washburne in the space western series Firefly and the film Serenity and Tucker McGee in Tucker & Dale vs. Evil. He has also had starring roles in the films DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story, I, Robot, A Knight's Tale, Transformers: Dark of the Moon, 42, Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials and Rogue One. Since voicing King Candy in 2012's Wreck-It Ralph, Tudyk has voiced characters in every Walt Disney Animation Studios feature film.\nTudyk appeared on the sitcom Suburgatory (2011\u201314) and has had guest roles on many other series. Earlier in his career, he appeared frequently in Broadway plays as well. He wrote, directed, and starred in the comedy web series Con Man (2015\u201317) about a struggling actor whose career is still defined by a successful science fiction TV show he was once on, loosely based on Tudyk's own experience having been on Firefly. The series aired on Syfy in 2017 and earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.\nAs of 2019, Tudyk plays the main antagonist, Mr. Nobody, in the DC Universe series Doom Patrol.", "Q310225": "Patrick Cox (born 28 November 1952) is an Irish politician and former television current affairs presenter. He was President of the European Parliament from 2002 to 2004 and served as a member of the European Parliament from 1989 to 2004. Before this Cox was a journalist and presenter with RT\u00c9's Today Tonight and then a Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) for Cork South-Central.", "Q9605": "Sarah Allen (born Sarah Lindsley) is an American software developer and entrepreneur. Allen attended Brown University in Rhode Island, where she majored in computer science and visual arts. Early in her career, she led the development of Adobe Shockwave Multiuser Server, Flash Media Server, and Flash video, and co-founded the company that created Adobe After Effects.\nIn 2013, Allen was selected for the Presidential Innovation Fellows program working with the Smithsonian Institution.", "Q73924": "Gerhard Jahn (10 September 1927 \u2013 20 October 1998) was a German politician and a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He was Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1967 to 1969, and Federal Minister of Justice from 1969 to 1974.", "Q514218": "Huguette Marcelle Clark (June 9, 1906 \u2013 May 24, 2011) was an American heiress and philanthropist, who became well known again late in life as a recluse, living in hospitals for more than 20 years while her various mansions remained unoccupied. She is the subject of the No. 1 bestselling biography Empty Mansions and the planned film based on the book.\nThe youngest daughter of Montana senator and industrialist William A. Clark, she spent her early life in Paris before relocating with her family to New York City, where she was educated at the Spence School. After a short-lived marriage ended in 1930, Clark returned to her residence at 907 Fifth Avenue, a large twelfth-floor apartment that she significantly expanded to occupying two floors. She also meticulously maintained Bellosguardo, a large familial estate in Santa Barbara, California, though she never returned to the property after the 1950s.\nClark spent much of her life outside of the public sphere, devoting her time to painting, the arts, and collecting various antiquities, primarily toys and dolls. In 1952, she purchased another property in New Canaan, Connecticut, but following the death of her mother in 1963, became increasingly reclusive. In 1991, she was admitted to Doctors Hospital in Manhattan to treat various basal cell cancer lesions on her face. Though she successfully recovered, Clark remained a hospital resident for the following two decades.\nUpon her death at 104 in 2011, Clark left behind a fortune of more than $300 million, most of which was donated to charity after a court dispute with her distant relatives. The events surrounding her estate and private affairs during the last several years of her life were covered extensively by journalist Bill Dedman, who subsequently co-wrote Empty Mansions.", "Q969120": "Mar\u00eda Amalia Lacroze de Fortabat (August 15, 1921 \u2013 February 18, 2012) was an Argentine executive and philanthropist.", "Q74093": "Dalton Caldwell (born February 27, 1980) is a technologist and digital music entrepreneur. He is the founder and Chief Executive Officer of Mixed Media Labs. He currently works as a partner at Y Combinator.", "Q88228": "Alexander Rollett (14 July 1834 \u2013 1 October 1903) was an Austrian physiologist and histologist born in Baden bei Wien, Nieder\u00f6sterreich.\nHe studied with Ernst Wilhelm von Br\u00fccke (1819\u20131892) in Vienna, and in 1863 became a professor of physiology and histology at the University in Graz. He was a prime factor in making Graz an international center for physiological training and education. Between 1872 and 1903 he was rector of the university four times, and from 1893 was president of the Styrian Medical Association.\nHe was a member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (1864), a corresponding member of the Societas Medicorum Svecana (1882) and the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences (1892).\nHe was the author of numerous scientific papers on gastric glands, connective tissue, blood cells, tendons, nerves, etc. He also penned treatises on the construction and physiology of striated muscle fibers, and works involving the eye and eyesight that discussed topics such as binocular vision, color in Newton's rings and subjective color. His name is associated with \"Rollett's stroma\", being defined as an insoluble, spongy network forming the framework of a red blood cell. Embedded within the interstices of Rollett's stroma is hemoglobin.Rollett was politically active, serving as a member of the Styrian Parliament and as a city council member in Graz. He was the grandson of naturalist Georg Anton Rollett (1778\u20131842), a nephew of poet Hermann Rollett (1819\u20131904), and the father of author Edwin Rollett (1889\u20131964) and physician Octavia Aigner-Rollett (1877\u20131959).", "Q449679": "Colm Feore OC (; born August 22, 1958), is an American-Canadian actor. A 13-year veteran of the Stratford Festival, he is best known for his Gemini-winning turn as Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in the television miniseries Trudeau, as well as roles such as Detective Martin Ward in Bon Cop, Bad Cop, Lord Marshal Zhylaw in The Chronicles of Riddick, Pope Julius II on The Borgias, First Gentleman Henry Taylor on 24, General Ted Brockhart on House of Cards, and Declan Gallard on 21 Thunder. He is a Prix Iris and Screen Actors Guild Award winner and a Genie Award nominee.", "Q350601": "Alexander Ludwig (born May 7, 1992) is a Canadian actor, singer and model. His notable film credits include The Seeker: The Dark Is Rising, Race to Witch Mountain, The Hunger Games, Grown Ups 2, and Bad Boys for Life. He appears in the History Channel series Vikings.", "Q64280": "Tujetsch is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. It is the westernmost municipality of the canton, connected to Urseren (canton of Uri) by the Oberalp Pass.", "Q1101195": "Clifford Gilpin Snyder (March 1, 1917 \u2013 January 16, 1998), professionally Cliffie Stone, was an American country singer, musician, record producer, music publisher, and radio and TV personality who was pivotal in the development of California's thriving country music scene after World War II during a career that lasted six decades. He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1989.", "Q3725401": "The Mediterranean Caper (also published as Mayday) is an action-adventure novel by Clive Cussler published in the United States in 1973. This is the 1st published book featuring the author\u2019s primary protagonist, Dirk Pitt. It was nominated for an Edgar award by the Mystery Writers of America for \"Best Paperback Original Novel of 1973.\"", "Q39193": "Bohemia ( boh-HEE-mee-\u0259; Czech: \u010cechy; German: B\u00f6hmen ; Polish: Czechy; Latin: Bohemia; Hebrew: \u05e4\u05bc\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd\u200e, romanized: Pihm) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic. In a broader meaning, Bohemia sometimes refers to the entire Czech territory, including Moravia and Czech Silesia, especially in a historical context, such as the Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by Bohemian kings.\nBohemia was a duchy of Great Moravia, later an independent principality, a kingdom in the Holy Roman Empire, and subsequently a part of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Austrian Empire. After World War I and the establishment of an independent Czechoslovak state, the whole of Bohemia became a part of Czechoslovakia, defying claims of the German speaking inhabitants that regions with German speaking majority should be included in the Republic of German-Austria. Between 1938 and 1945, these border regions were joined to Nazi Germany as the Sudetenland.The remainder of Czech territory became the Second Czechoslovak Republic and was subsequently occupied as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In 1969, the Czech lands (including Bohemia) were given autonomy within Czechoslovakia as the Czech Socialist Republic. In 1990, the name was changed to the Czech Republic, which became a separate state in 1993 with the breakup of Czechoslovakia.Until 1948, Bohemia was an administrative unit of Czechoslovakia as one of its \"lands\" (\"zem\u011b\"). Since then, administrative reforms have replaced self-governing lands with a modified system of \"regions\" (\"kraje\") which do not follow the borders of the historical Czech lands (or the regions from the 1960 and 2000 reforms). However, the three lands are mentioned in the preamble of the Constitution of the Czech Republic: \"We, citizens of the Czech Republic in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia\u2026\"Bohemia had an area of 52,065 km2 (20,102 sq mi) and today is home to approximately 6.5 million of the Czech Republic's 10.5 million inhabitants. Bohemia was bordered in the south by Upper and Lower Austria (both in Austria), in the west by Bavaria and in the north by Saxony and Lusatia (all in Germany), in the northeast by Silesia (in Poland), and in the east by Moravia (also part of the Czech Republic). Bohemia's borders were mostly marked by mountain ranges such as the Bohemian Forest, the Ore Mountains, and the Krkono\u0161e, a part of the Sudetes range; the Bohemian-Moravian border roughly follows the Elbe-Danube watershed.", "Q84412": "Wilhelm Reich (; German: [\u0281a\u026a\u00e7]; 24 March 1897 \u2013 3 November 1957) was an Austrian doctor of medicine and psychoanalyst, a member of the second generation of analysts after Sigmund Freud. The author of several influential books, most notably Character Analysis (1933), The Mass Psychology of Fascism (1933), and The Sexual Revolution (1936), Reich became known as one of the most radical figures in the history of psychiatry.Reich's work on character contributed to the development of Anna Freud's The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (1936), and his idea of muscular armour\u2014the expression of the personality in the way the body moves\u2014shaped innovations such as body psychotherapy, Gestalt therapy, bioenergetic analysis and primal therapy. His writing influenced generations of intellectuals; he coined the phrase \"the sexual revolution\" and according to one historian acted as its midwife. During the 1968 student uprisings in Paris and Berlin, students scrawled his name on walls and threw copies of The Mass Psychology of Fascism at police.After graduating in medicine from the University of Vienna in 1922, Reich became deputy director of Freud's outpatient clinic, the Vienna Ambulatorium. Described by Elizabeth Danto as a large man with a cantankerous style who managed to look scruffy and elegant at the same time, he tried to reconcile psychoanalysis with Marxism, arguing that neurosis is rooted in sexual and socio-economic conditions, and in particular in a lack of what he called \"orgastic potency\". He visited patients in their homes to see how they lived, and took to the streets in a mobile clinic, promoting adolescent sexuality and the availability of contraceptives, abortion and divorce, a provocative message in Catholic Austria. He said he wanted to \"attack the neurosis by its prevention rather than treatment\".From the 1930s he became an increasingly controversial figure, and from 1932 until his death in 1957 all his work was self-published. His message of sexual liberation disturbed the psychoanalytic community and his political associates, and his vegetotherapy, in which he massaged his disrobed patients to dissolve their \"muscular armour\", violated the key taboos of psychoanalysis. He moved to New York in 1939, in part to escape the Nazis, and shortly after arriving coined the term \"orgone\"\u2014from \"orgasm\" and \"organism\"\u2014for a biological energy he said he had discovered, which he said others called God. In 1940 he started building orgone accumulators, devices that his patients sat inside to harness the reputed health benefits, leading to newspaper stories about sex boxes that cured cancer.Following two critical articles about him in The New Republic and Harper's in 1947, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration obtained an injunction against the interstate shipment of orgone accumulators and associated literature, believing they were dealing with a \"fraud of the first magnitude\". Charged with contempt in 1956 for having violated the injunction, Reich was sentenced to two years imprisonment, and that summer over six tons of his publications were burned by order of the court. He died in prison of heart failure just over a year later, days before he was due to apply for parole.", "Q240360": "Dixie Virginia Carter (May 25, 1939 \u2013 April 10, 2010) was an American film, television and stage actress and singer. She starred as Julia Sugarbaker on the sitcom Designing Women (1986\u201393), and as Randi King on the drama series Family Law (1999\u20132002). She was nominated for the 2007 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her role as Gloria Hodge on Desperate Housewives (2006\u201307).\nCarter made her professional stage debut in a Memphis production of the musical Carousel in 1960, and made her Broadway debut in the 1974 musical Sextet. After appearing for two years as District Attorney Brandy Henderson on the CBS soap The Edge of Night (1974\u201376), she starred in the 1976 Broadway musical Pal Joey. Her other television roles included the sitcoms On Our Own (1977\u201378), Filthy Rich (1982\u201383) and Diff'rent Strokes (1984\u201385). She returned to Broadway to play Maria Callas in the play Master Class in 1997, and to play Mrs. Meers in the musical Thoroughly Modern Millie in 2004.", "Q749": "Groningen (, also UK: , US: , Dutch: [\u02c8\u0263ro\u02d0n\u026a\u014b\u0259(n)] (listen); Gronings: Grunnen) is the main municipality as well as the capital city of the eponymous province in the Netherlands. It is the largest city in the north of the Netherlands and has 231,037 inhabitants (31 January 2019) on a total area of 180.21 km2 (69.58 sq mi), and land area of 168.93 km2 (65.22 sq mi) with a population density of 1,367 per km2 (3,540 per square mile). It merged with Ten Boer and Haren municipalities in 1 January 2019. The Groningen-Assen metropolitan area has about half a million inhabitants. Groningen is an old city (more than 950 years) and was the regional power of the north of the Netherlands, a semi-independent city-state and member of the German Hanseatic League. Groningen is a university city, with an estimated 31,000 students at the University of Groningen (1 October 2018), and an estimated 28,000 at the Hanze University of Applied Sciences (1 October 2018).", "Q1111386": "Robert Moses (December 18, 1888 \u2013 July 29, 1981) was an American public official who worked mainly in the New York metropolitan area. Known as the \"master builder\" of mid-20th century New York City, Long Island, Rockland County, and Westchester County, he is sometimes compared to Baron Haussmann of Second Empire Paris, and was one of the most polarizing figures in the history of urban development in the United States. His decisions favoring highways over public transit helped create the modern suburbs of Long Island and influenced a generation of engineers, architects, and urban planners who spread his philosophies across the nation despite his not having been trained in those professions. Moses would call himself a \"coordinator\" and was referred to in the media as a \"master builder\".Robert Moses at one point held 12 titles simultaneously (including New York City Parks Commissioner and Chairman of the Long Island State Park Commission), but was never elected to any public office (he ran only once, for governor of New York as a Republican in 1934 and lost to Herbert H. Lehman in a landslide). Nevertheless, he created and led numerous public authorities that gave him autonomy from the general public and elected officials. Through these authorities, he controlled millions of dollars in income from his projects, such as tolls, and he could issue bonds to borrow vast sums for new ventures with little or no input from legislative bodies. This removed him from the power of the purse as it normally functioned in the United States, and from the process of public comment on major public works. As a result of Moses' work, New York has the United States' greatest proportion of public benefit corporations, which are the prime mode of infrastructure building and maintenance in New York and account for most of the state's debt.\nMoses' projects were considered by many to be necessary for the region's development after the Great Depression. During the height of his powers, New York City built campuses to host two World's Fairs: one in 1939 and the other in 1964. Moses also helped persuade the United Nations to locate its headquarters in Manhattan, instead of in Philadelphia, by helping the state secure the money and land needed for the project.\nMoses' reputation for efficiency and nonpartisan leadership was permanently damaged by Robert Caro's Pulitzer-winning biography The Power Broker (1974), which accused Moses of a lust for power, questionable ethics, vindictiveness and racism.", "Q58579": "Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff (9 April 1865 \u2013 20 December 1937) was a German general, politician and military theorist. He first achieved fame during World War I for his central role in the German Army\u2019s victories at Li\u00e8ge and Tannenberg in 1914. Following his appointment as First Quartermaster general (German: Erster Generalquartiermeister) of the German General Staff in August 1916, he became one of the leading figures of a military dictatorship that dominated Germany for the rest of the war. His great strategic failure was that of Germany's great Spring Offensive in 1918 in its quest for total victory and he was forced out that October.After the war, Ludendorff became a prominent nationalist leader, and a promoter of the Stab-in-the-back myth, which posited that the German loss in World War I was caused by the betrayal of the German Army by Marxists, Bolsheviks, Freemasons and Jews who were furthermore responsible for the disadvantageous settlement negotiated for Germany in the Treaty of Versailles. He took part in the failed Kapp Putsch (coup d\u2019\u00e9tat) with Wolfgang Kapp in 1920 and the Beer Hall Putsch of Adolf Hitler in 1923, and in 1925, he ran unsuccessfully for the office of President of Germany against his former superior Hindenburg.\nFrom 1924 to 1928, he represented the German V\u00f6lkisch Freedom Party in the Reichstag (legislature). Consistently pursuing a purely military line of thought after the war, Ludendorff developed the theory of \"Total War\", which he published as Der totale Krieg (The Total War) in 1935. In this work, he argued that the entire physical and moral forces of the nation should be mobilized, because peace was merely an interval between wars. Ludendorff was a recipient of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross and the Pour le M\u00e9rite.", "Q246711": "The Gift is a 2000 American supernatural thriller film directed by Sam Raimi, written by Billy Bob Thornton and Tom Epperson, and based on the alleged psychic experiences of Thornton's mother.The film centers on Annie (Cate Blanchett) becoming involved in a murder case as a result of acquiring knowledge about the crime through extrasensory perception. The cast also includes Keanu Reeves, Giovanni Ribisi, Hilary Swank, Katie Holmes, and Greg Kinnear.", "Q3356618": "Francis Ashbury Pratt (February 15, 1827 \u2013 February 10, 1902) was a Connecticut mechanical engineer, inventor, and co-founder of Pratt & Whitney.\n\n", "Q991": "Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (; Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, tr. Fy\u00f3dor Mikh\u00e1ylovich Dostoy\u00e9vskiy, IPA: [\u02c8f\u02b2\u0275d\u0259r m\u02b2\u026a\u02c8xajl\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 d\u0259st\u0250\u02c8j\u025bfsk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen); 11 November 1821 \u2013 9 February 1881), sometimes transliterated Dostoyevsky, was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist and journalist. Dostoevsky's literary works explore human psychology in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia, and engage with a variety of philosophical and religious themes. His most acclaimed works include Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1869), Demons (1872), and The Brothers Karamazov (1880). Dostoevsky's body of works consists of 11 novels, three novellas, 17 short stories, and numerous other works. Many literary critics rate him as one of the greatest psychological novelists in world literature. His 1864 novella Notes from Underground is considered to be one of the first works of existentialist literature.\nBorn in Moscow in 1821, Dostoevsky was introduced to literature at an early age through fairy tales and legends, and through books by Russian and foreign authors. His mother died in 1837 when he was 15, and around the same time, he left school to enter the Nikolayev Military Engineering Institute. After graduating, he worked as an engineer and briefly enjoyed a lavish lifestyle, translating books to earn extra money. In the mid-1840s he wrote his first novel, Poor Folk, which gained him entry into St. Petersburg's literary circles. Arrested in 1849 for belonging to a literary group that discussed banned books critical of Tsarist Russia, he was sentenced to death but the sentence was commuted at the last moment. He spent four years in a Siberian prison camp, followed by six years of compulsory military service in exile. In the following years, Dostoevsky worked as a journalist, publishing and editing several magazines of his own and later A Writer's Diary, a collection of his writings. He began to travel around western Europe and developed a gambling addiction, which led to financial hardship. For a time, he had to beg for money, but he eventually became one of the most widely read and highly regarded Russian writers.\nDostoevsky was influenced by a wide variety of philosophers and authors including Pushkin, Gogol, Augustine, Shakespeare, Dickens, Balzac, Lermontov, Hugo, Poe, Plato, Cervantes, Herzen, Kant, Belinsky, Hegel, Schiller, Solovyov, Bakunin, Sand, Hoffmann, and Mickiewicz. His writings were widely read both within and beyond his native Russia and influenced an equally great number of later writers including Russians like Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Anton Chekhov as well as philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche and Jean-Paul Sartre. His books have been translated into more than 170 languages.", "Q78871": "Count Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky (Czech: Franti\u0161ek Anton\u00edn Kolovrat-Lib\u0161tejnsk\u00fd; 31 January 1778 \u2013 4 April 1861) was Bohemian noble and Austrian statesman from the House of Kolowrat. As a moderate liberal politician, he was one of the major opponents of State Chancellor Prince Klemens von Metternich during the Vorm\u00e4rz era. In the March Revolution of 1848, Kolowrat became the first constitutional Minister-President of Austria, however, he resigned after one month in office.\n\n", "Q46747": "Sendai (\u4ed9\u53f0\u5e02, Sendai-shi, Japanese: [se\ua71cndai]) is the capital city of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, the largest city in the T\u014dhoku region, and the second largest city north of Tokyo. As of 1 June 2019, the city had a population of 1,089,372, and is one of Japan's 20 designated cities. The city was founded in 1600 by the daimy\u014d Date Masamune. It is nicknamed the City of Trees (\u675c\u306e\u90fd, Mori no Miyako); there are zelkova trees lining many of the main thoroughfares such as J\u014dzenji Street (\u5b9a\u7985\u5bfa\u901a, J\u014dzenji d\u014dri) and Aoba Street (\u9752\u8449\u901a, Aoba d\u014dri).\nIn the summer, the Sendai Tanabata Festival, the largest Tanabata festival in Japan, is held. In winter, the trees are decorated with thousands of lights for the Pageant of Starlight (\u5149\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30c8, Hikari no p\u0113jento), lasting through most of December.\nOn 11 March 2011, coastal areas of the city suffered catastrophic damage from a magnitude 9.0 offshore earthquake, which triggered a destructive tsunami.", "Q2063254": "Karl Kruszelnicki ( KRUZZ-\u0259l-NICK-ee); often referred to as \"Dr Karl\", is an Australian science communicator and popularizer, who is known as an author, and as a science commentator on Australian radio and television.\nKruszelnicki is the Julius Sumner Miller Fellow in the Science Foundation for Physics at the School of Physics, University of Sydney.", "Q933548": "Thunderstone is a power metal band from Helsinki, Finland. The band was formed in 2000 by guitarist Nino Laurenne, and the line-up became full the following year. After the release of the band's self-titled debut album, Thunderstone, the band toured Europe supporting Stratovarius and Symphony X. Thunderstone released the first four of their albums through Nuclear Blast; however, their album Dirt Metal was released in October 2009 under Sony Music.", "Q209012": "Sleuth is a 2007 British-American thriller film directed by Kenneth Branagh and starring Jude Law and Michael Caine. The screenplay by Harold Pinter is an adaptation of Anthony Shaffer's Tony Award-winning play Sleuth. Caine had previously starred in a 1972 version, where he played Law's role against Laurence Olivier.", "Q302635": "Sonohra is an Italian duo constituted by the brothers Diego and Luca Fainello, native to the city of Verona. They were winners of the edition 2008 of the Young section of Festival of Sanremo.", "Q165602": "Sergei Yushenkov (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432; 27 June 1950 \u2013 17 April 2003) was a liberal Russian politician known for his campaigning for democracy, rapid free market economic reforms, and higher human rights standards in Russia. He was assassinated on 17 April 2003, just hours after registering his political party to participate in the December 2003 parliamentary elections.", "Q1042906": "Carlos French (August 6, 1835 \u2013 April 14, 1903) was a United States Representative from Connecticut. He was born in Humphreysville, Connecticut (now known as Seymour, Connecticut), the son of Raymond French and Olive Curtis French. He attended the common schools of Seymour and General Russell\u2019s Military School, New Haven, Connecticut. He engaged in manufacturing and is credited with inventing the spiral steel car spring and the corrugated volute spring.\nFrench was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1860 and again in 1868. He was employed as the president and treasurer of the Fowler Nail Company from 1869 until his death and also the vice president of the H.A. Matthews Manufacturing Company. He was also the director the Union Horse Shoe Nail Company of Chicago, Illinois and of the Second National Bank of New Haven, Connecticut. In addition, he was the director of the Colonial Trust Company of Waterbury, Connecticut and of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Company.\nFrench was a member of the Democratic National Committee and was elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth Congress (March 4, 1887 \u2013 March 3, 1889). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1888. After leaving Congress, he resumed his former manufacturing pursuits and corporate connections. He died in Seymour, Connecticut in 1903 and was buried in Fair Haven Union Cemetery in New Haven, Connecticut.", "Q113794": "Anton Bettelheim (November 18, 1851 in Vienna \u2013 March 29, 1930 in Vienna) was an Austrian critic and journalist.", "Q284450": "Tanja Ribi\u010d (born 28 June 1968) is a Slovenian actress and singer.", "Q922445": "Pavement was an American indie rock band that formed in Stockton, California in 1989. For most of their career, the group consisted of Stephen Malkmus (vocals and guitar), Scott Kannberg (guitar and vocals), Mark Ibold (bass), Steve West (drums) and Bob Nastanovich (percussion and vocals). Initially conceived as a recording project, the band at first avoided press or live performances, while attracting considerable underground attention with their early releases. Gradually evolving into a more polished band, Pavement recorded five full-length albums and nine EPs over the course of their decade-long career, though they disbanded with some acrimony in 1999 as the members moved on to other projects. In 2010, they undertook a well-received reunion tour, and will perform two 30th anniversary shows in 2020.\nThough only briefly brushing the mainstream with the single \"Cut Your Hair\" in 1994, Pavement was a successful indie rock band. Rather than signing with a major label as many of their 1980s forebears had done, they remained signed to independent labels throughout their career and have often been described as one of the most influential bands to emerge from the American underground in the '90s. Some prominent music critics, such as Robert Christgau and Stephen Thomas Erlewine, called them the best band of the 1990s. In their career, they also achieved a significant cult following.", "Q278833": "Atkins Jefferson McLemore (March 13, 1857 \u2013 March 4, 1929) was an American newspaper publisher, State Representative and United States Representative from Texas.", "Q720105": "Mario Carli (30 December 1888 \u2013 9 September 1935) was an Italian poet, novelist, essayist, diplomat, and journalist.", "Q1195092": "Nur Otan (Kazakh: Nur Otan) (lit. 'Radiant Fatherland'), is the ruling political party in Kazakhstan with over 762,000 members. The party was founded on 12 February 1999 after the merger of several previously independent pro-presidential parties, including the People's Union of Kazakhstan Unity, the Liberal Movement of Kazakhstan, and the \"For Kazakhstan - 2030\" Movement. \n\n", "Q985": "Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg (, German: [\u02ccba\u02d0dn\u0329 \u02c8v\u028f\u0281t\u0259mb\u025b\u0281k] (listen)) is a state in southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the border with France. It is Germany's third-largest state, with an area of 35,751 km2 (13,804 sq mi) and 11 million inhabitants. Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg is a parliamentary republic and partly sovereign, federated state which was formed in 1952 by a merger of the states of W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden, Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg-Hohenzollern. The largest city in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg is the state capital of Stuttgart, followed by Karlsruhe and Mannheim. Other cities are Freiburg im Breisgau, Heidelberg, Heilbronn, Pforzheim, Reutlingen, T\u00fcbingen and Ulm.\nThe sobriquet L\u00e4ndle (\"little province\" in the local Swabian and Alemannic German dialects) is sometimes used as a synonym for Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.", "Q220480": "Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891 \u2013 January 28, 1960) was an American author, anthropologist, and filmmaker. She portrayed racial struggles in the early-1900s American South and published research on hoodoo. The most popular of her four novels is Their Eyes Were Watching God, published in 1937. She also wrote more than 50 short stories, plays, and essays.\nHurston was born in Notasulga, Alabama, and moved with her family to Eatonville, Florida, in 1894. She later used Eatonville as the setting for many of her stories. It is now the site of the \"Zora! Festival\", held each year in her honor.In her early career, Hurston conducted anthropological and ethnographic research while a student at Barnard College and Columbia University. She had an interest in African-American and Caribbean folklore, and how these contributed to the community's identity.\nShe also wrote fiction about contemporary issues in the black community and became a central figure of the Harlem Renaissance. Her short satires, drawing from the African-American experience and racial division, were published in anthologies such as The New Negro and Fire!!. After moving back to Florida, Hurston wrote and published her literary anthropology on African-American folklore in North Florida, Mules and Men (1935), and her first three novels: Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934); Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937); and Moses, Man of the Mountain (1939). Also published during this time was Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica (1938), documenting her research on rituals in Jamaica and Haiti.\nHurston's works concerned both the African-American experience and her struggles as an African-American woman. Her novels went relatively unrecognized by the literary world for decades. Interest was revived in 1975 after author Alice Walker published an article, \"In Search of Zora Neale Hurston\", in the March issue of Ms. magazine that year. Hurston's manuscript Every Tongue Got to Confess, a collection of folktales gathered in the 1920s, was published posthumously in 2001 after being discovered in the Smithsonian archives. Her nonfiction book Barracoon: The Story of the Last \"Black Cargo\", about the life of Cudjoe Lewis (Kossola), was published posthumously in 2018.", "Q728559": "Quicksand is an American post-hardcore band from New York City, United States, founded in 1990. Their debut self-titled EP was followed by two major label albums, Slip (1993) and Manic Compression (1995). Quicksand's sound has been compared to that of post-hardcore bands Fugazi and Helmet. The band supported their releases with extensive touring but fell short of the mainstream success anticipated by their labels. These factors and internal stress led them to separate first in 1995 and again in 1999 following a failed year-and-a-half reunion. In June 2012, Quicksand reunited for a special one-night performance and since has been playing additional live shows. The band's third album (and first full-length in 22 years), Interiors, was released on November 10, 2017.", "Q689383": "James \"Jimmy\" Hood (16 May 1948 \u2013 3 December 2017) was a Scottish Labour Party politician, who served as a Member of Parliament from 1987 until being defeated in 2015. He represented the Clydesdale constituency until 2005, and the Lanark and Hamilton East constituency thereafter. Hood, a National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) trade union official during the miners' strike of 1984\u201385, remained a backbencher throughout his parliamentary career.", "Q85718": "Walter Ladengast (4 July 1899 \u2013 3 July 1980) was an Austrian film actor. He appeared in 72 films between 1928 and 1979. He was born in Vienna, Austria and died in Munich, Germany.", "Q57886": "\u0130rsen K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck (1940 \u2013 10 March 2019) was a Turkish Cypriot politician who was Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus. He is the nephew of Republic of Cyprus's first Vice-President Dr Faz\u0131l K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck.", "Q78865": "Eduard von Bauernfeld (13 January 1802 \u2013 9 August 1890), Austrian dramatist, was born at Vienna.", "Q369094": "Botched is a 2007 horror comedy film directed by Kit Ryan and starring Stephen Dorff. It is an international co-production between Australia, the UK, Germany, Ireland, and the US. Dorff plays a thief who, when he botches a robbery for his boss, is forced to steal an heirloom from a Russian penthouse. After he and two Russian accomplices (played by Jamie Foreman and Russell Smith) take several hostages, they realize the heirloom is guarded by a crazy serial killer, who begins killing off both criminals and hostages indiscriminately.", "Q960676": "Joe Spinell (born Joseph Spagnuolo; October 28, 1936 \u2013 January 13, 1989) was an American character actor who appeared in numerous films in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as various stage productions on and off Broadway.His notable roles included performances in The Godfather (1972) and The Godfather Part II (1974), Rocky (1976) and Rocky II (1979), Taxi Driver (1976), Sorcerer (1977), Cruising (1980), and many more. He was a recurring actor in early Sylvester Stallone films. Spinell's career consisted of bit to major supporting roles, many of them villainous, in major and small American films.\nSpinell became a figure in the cult film genre. His three leading roles were in horror films. Actress Caroline Munro, with whom he shared the screen three times, was his co-lead in two films: the psychological slasher film Maniac (1980), which Spinell also wrote; and The Last Horror Film (1982), a horror comedy. The two had initially worked together in Starcrash (1978). Spinell's final lead role was The Undertaker (1988), a slasher film released posthumously.", "Q101390": "Kurt Heinig (born 19 January 1886 in Leipzig; died 21 May 1956 in Stockholm) was a German lithograph, politician and journalist.\nAfter travelling through the USA he wrote about his experiences in Vorw\u00e4rts and the Wettelb\u00fcne Mitte during the 1920s. Heinig meant that Germany should modernize itself through technological progress and development of a larger domestic market. He did however, point out that Germany could not fully adopt the American model, because of the very different backgrounds of the two nations.\nFrom 1927 to 1933, Kurt Heinig was a financial expert in the SPD-parliamentary group. As a member of the budget committee he took part in revealing the Eastern Aid scandal. In 1933 he emigrated to Denmark after having refused to sign Hitler's enabling act. And in 1940, as Germany invaded Denmark, he left for Sweden. During and after the second world war, Heinig was a member of SoPaDe as well as co-worker with several Swedish and West German newspapers. In 1945 Heinig created the \"German association of 1945\" in Stockholm, an organization striving for a better German-Swedish relationship. In 1955 he became Doctor Honoris Causa at the University of Stockholm.\nKurt Heinig died on 21 May 1956 in Stockholm.", "Q52726": "Chavornay is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. In 2017 the former municipalities of Essert-Pittet and Corcelles-sur-Chavornay merged into the municipality of Chavornay.", "Q14773": "Macau, also spelled Macao ( (listen); \u6fb3\u9580, Cantonese: [\u014du.m\u01d4\u02d0n]; official Portuguese: [m\u0250\u02c8kaw] Macau), and officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is a city and special administrative region of China in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea. With a population of 667,400 and an area of 32.9 km2 (12.7 sq mi), it is the most densely populated region in the world.\nMacau was formerly a colony of the Portuguese Empire, after Ming China leased the territory as a trading post in 1557. Between 1557 and 1887, Macau was governed by the Portuguese under Chinese authority and sovereignty with the Portuguese paying an annual land rent. In 1887, Portugal gained the perpetual colonial rights for Macau in the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking. The colony remained under Portuguese rule until 1999, when it was transferred to China. As a special administrative region, Macau maintains separate governing and economic systems from those of mainland China.Originally a sparsely populated collection of coastal islands, the territory has become a major resort city and the top destination for gambling tourism. It is the ninth-highest recipient of tourism revenue and its gambling industry is seven times larger than that of Las Vegas. Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, it has severe income inequality. Its GDP per capita by purchasing power parity is one of the highest in the world and higher than any country in the world in 2014 according to the World Bank.Macau has a very high Human Development Index, although it is only calculated by the Macau government instead of the United Nations. Macau has the fourth-highest life expectancy in the world. The territory is highly urbanised and most development is built on reclaimed land; two-thirds of the total land area is reclaimed from the sea.", "Q73930": "Lochlyn Munro (born Richard Laughlin Munro; February 12, 1966) is a Canadian film and television actor. For films, Munro is mostly known for his roles in A Night at the Roxbury (1998), Scary Movie (2000), Freddy vs. Jason (2003), and White Chicks (2004). For television, he is perhaps best known for his roles in the Canadian series Northwood, supernatural drama Charmed, and teen drama Riverdale.", "Q630464": "Jehan Rictus (September 21, 1867 \u2013 November 6, 1933) was a French poet. He was born Gabriel Randon in Boulogne-sur-Mer. In the 1900s, he legally changed his name to his mother's name Randon de Saint-Amand.\nAfter an unhappy childhood and poor beginnings in the life, Gabriel Randon took the pseudonym of Jehan Rictus. He found success in 1895 with poems that he interpreted in Parisian cabarets. These poems that Rictus interpreted, called Soliloques du Pauvre (Soliloquies of the Poor), were published in 1897. A few other volumes of verse followed, with Le Coeur populaire being published in 1914. At the time of World War I, he stopped publishing. He also forsook his anarchism for nationalist opinions. He is also the author of an autobiographical novel, Fil de fer, and of a vast diary. The first five booklets were published in 2005.", "Q99331": "Heidi L\u00fcck n\u00e9e Pfeifer (born 6 April 1943) is a German social-democratic (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands SPD) politician and member of the Bavarian state parliament (Bayerischer Landtag) in the Sonthofen-Lindau electoral constituency.", "Q420803": "Jorge Gonz\u00e1lez (31 January 1966 \u2013 22 September 2010) was an Argentine basketball player, professional wrestler and actor, better known for his appearances in World Championship Wrestling under the ring name El Gigante between 1989 and 1992 and in the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Giant Gonz\u00e1lez in 1993.", "Q3174367": "Jean Robieux (15 October 1925 \u2013 14 June 2012) was a French physicist. A graduate from \u00c9cole Polytechnique and Doctor of Science, he is a leading French specialist in laser and optronics.\nHe is the former scientific director of the Research Center of Alcatel Mobile Phones at Marcoussis, and during many years, head of the Robotics college at the \u00c9cole centrale Paris. He is a chairman of the board of directors of the school and chairman of the Scientific Council. He followed in particular the development the materials department. He suggested the initial creation of the ECAM Rennes - Louis de Broglie school in 1988.", "Q111183": "Emmy Kaemmerer (born 1890) was a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party.\nKaemmerer was born on 21 May 1890, her place and date of death are unknown.In 1919 and 20, she was a member of the Hamburg Parliament.", "Q128702": "Sir John Alexander Macdonald (10 or 11 January 1815 \u2013 6 June 1891) was the first prime minister of Canada (1867\u20131873, 1878\u20131891). The dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, he had a political career which spanned almost half a century.\nMacdonald was born in Scotland; when he was a boy his family immigrated to Kingston in the Province of Upper Canada (today in eastern Ontario). As a lawyer he was involved in several high-profile cases and quickly became prominent in Kingston, which elected him in 1844 to the legislature of the Province of Canada. By 1857, he had become premier under the colony's unstable political system.\nIn 1864, when no party proved capable of governing for long, Macdonald agreed to a proposal from his political rival, George Brown, that the parties unite in a Great Coalition to seek federation and political reform. Macdonald was the leading figure in the subsequent discussions and conferences, which resulted in the British North America Act, 1867 and the birth of Canada as a nation on 1 July 1867. Macdonald was the first Prime Minister of the new nation, and served 19 years; only William Lyon Mackenzie King served longer.\nIn 1873, he resigned from office over a scandal in which his party took bribes from businessmen seeking the contract to build the Canadian Pacific Railway. However, he was re-elected in 1878, continuing until he died in office in 1891. Macdonald's greatest achievements were building and guiding a successful national government for the new Dominion, using patronage to forge a strong Conservative Party, promoting the protective tariff of the National Policy, and completing the railway. He fought to block provincial efforts to take power back from the national government in Ottawa. His most controversial move was to approve the execution of M\u00e9tis leader Louis Riel for treason in 1885; it alienated many francophones from his Conservative Party. He died in 1891, still in office; he is respected today for his key role in the formation of Canada.\nHe is criticized for his role in the Chinese Head Tax in Canada and the Canadian Pacific Railway Scandal. However, historical rankings have consistently placed Macdonald as one of the highest rated Prime Ministers in Canadian history.", "Q80660": "A Short Film About Love (Polish: Kr\u00f3tki film o mi\u0142o\u015bci) is a Polish romantic drama film directed by Krzysztof Kie\u015blowski and starring Gra\u017cyna Szapo\u0142owska and Olaf Lubaszenko. Written by Krzysztof Kie\u015blowski and Krzysztof Piesiewicz, the film is about a young post office worker deeply in love with a promiscuous older woman who lives in an adjacent apartment building. After spying on her through a telescope, he meets and declares his love for this jaded woman who long ago gave up on believing in love. She responds to his innocence by initiating him on the basic fact of life\u2014that there is no love, only sex. A Short Film About Love is an expanded film version of Dekalog: Six, part of Kie\u015blowski's 1988 Polish language ten-part television series, Dekalog. The film is set in Warsaw. The film was selected as the Polish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 61st Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "Q116834": "Yvette Estermann born as Gavlasova (born 26 February 1967) is a Slovakian- Swiss politician and member of the National Council from the Canton of Lucerne.", "Q660253": "Diego Martelli (October 29, 1839 \u2013 November 20, 1896) was an Italian art critic who was one of the first supporters of Impressionism in Italy. He was a defender and associate of the Tuscan artists the Macchiaioli, whom he often hosted at his estate in Castiglioncello.\nMartelli was born in Florence, the son of a road engineer. He studied natural sciences at the University of Pisa. In 1855, while still in his teens, he became acquainted with the group of artists who frequented the Caff\u00e8 Michelangiolo in Florence who would become known as the Macchiaioli. In 1859 Martelli fought in the Second Italian War of Independence.In 1861 he inherited a large estate around Castiglioncello on a hill overlooking a cliff. Castiglioncello at the time was a small village of fishermen and farmers, as evidenced in the numerous paintings of the movement. Martelli's home there became a haven where his artist friends could work from nature, and he became an advocate and theoretician of the Macchiaioli.\nHis writing on art in the 1860s championed the realism of artists such as Courbet and the Barbizon School. In 1862\u201363 he made his first visit to Paris, where he attended the Salon des Refuses. He encountered the work of Manet, which he disparaged as \"ugly\" and \"ostentatious\". He traveled to Paris again in 1869. During his third trip to the French capital in 1870 he attended lectures on organic chemistry by Michel Eug\u00e8ne Chevreul, whose color theories were of great interest to Martelli.With Adriano Cecioni and Telemaco Signorini he founded the journal Gazzettino delle arti del disegno in 1867, and in 1873 he initiated the art journal Giornale artistico.In the mid-1870s, letters he received from his friend Federico Zandomeneghi, who had relocated to Paris in 1874, stimulated Martelli's curiosity about the Impressionists. His fourth and longest sojourn in Paris was from April 1878 to April 1879. The articles he wrote for various Italian journals during his stay reveal his developing interest in the formal and optical qualities of Impressionism, which supplanted his earlier enthusiasm for art that emphasized rural values and social concerns as exemplified by Millet.He spent time with Manet, and with Degas who painted two portraits of him in 1879. Martelli's closest friendship among the Impressionists was with Pissarro who, at Martelli's urging, exhibited two of his paintings in the Florence Promotrice of 1879. That they were poorly received, even by the Macchiaioli, was a disappointment to Martelli.Martelli continued to champion new art. In a lecture he delivered in Venice in 1895, he praised the Neo-Impressionists, who \"on the basis of the theories of light and color combinations, scientifically explained by the chemist Chevreul, ... carry out experiments that today are ridiculed but that will probably be the triumphs of tomorrow.\"Martelli died in Florence on November 20, 1896. He left a collection of art to the city of Florence.", "Q2739315": "Leonardo Ximenes (27 December 1716 \u2013 3 May 1786) was a famous Italian Jesuit mathematician, engineer, astronomer and geographer from Sicily.\nAfter having attended a Jesuit school, he became a mathematician, a hydraulic and civil engineer, and was an eminently respected astronomer in his day. The astronomical observatory, Osservatorio Ximeniano in Florence, is named after him in recognition of his services to the field. As a hydraulic engineer, he is known for building canals, including the Imperial Canal in Tuscany. These canals were part of an effort to drain the Lago di Bientina, at the time the largest lake in Tuscany.", "Q503770": "Ross Friedman (born January 3, 1954), also known as Ross the Boss, is a guitarist, known as a founding member of both the punk band the Dictators, and the heavy metal band Manowar.\n\n", "Q44144": "Christopher Keith Irvine (born November 9, 1970), better known by his ring name Chris Jericho, is an American-Canadian professional wrestler, musician, podcaster, author, actor, and entrepreneur, currently signed to both All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). In professional wrestling, he is also well known for appearances in WWE between 1999 and 2018. Noted for his over-the-top, rock star persona, Jericho has been named by journalists and industry colleagues as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time.\nDuring the 1990s, Jericho performed for the American organizations Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW), as well as for international promotions in countries such as Canada, Japan, and Mexico. In 2001, he became the first Undisputed WWF Champion, and thus the final holder of the WCW World Heavyweight Championship (then referred to as the World Championship), having won and unified the WWF and World titles by defeating Stone Cold Steve Austin and The Rock on the same night. Jericho headlined multiple pay-per-view (PPV) events during his time with the WWF/WWE, including WrestleMania X8 and the inaugural TLC and Elimination Chamber shows.\nAmong other accolades within the WWF/WWE, Jericho has won the Undisputed WWF Championship once, the WCW/World Championship twice, the World Heavyweight Championship three times, the WWE United States Championship two times, and the WWE Intercontinental Championship a record nine times. Jericho is the ninth Triple Crown Champion, as well as the fourth Grand Slam Champion in history. In addition, he was the 2008 Superstar of the Year Slammy Award winner and (along with Big Show as Jeri-Show) won the 2009 Tag Team of the Year Slammy Award\u2014making him the only winner of both Superstar and Tag Team of the Year. He was inducted into the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame in 2010.\nAfter his departure from WWE in 2018, Jericho signed with NJPW, where he became a one-time IWGP Intercontinental Champion, becoming the first man to have held both the WWE and IWGP Intercontinental Championships. Jericho joined AEW in January 2019 and became the inaugural holder of the AEW World Championship in August of that year.\nIn 1999, Jericho became lead vocalist of heavy metal band Fozzy, who released their eponymous debut album the following year. The group's early work is composed largely of cover versions, although they have focused primarily on original material from third album All That Remains (2005) onward. Jericho has also appeared on numerous television shows over the years, including the 2011 season of Dancing With the Stars. He hosted the ABC game show Downfall, the 2011 edition of the Revolver Golden Gods Awards, and the UK's Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards in 2012 and 2017.", "Q169038": "Zden\u011bk Nejedl\u00fd (February 10, 1878 in Litomy\u0161l, Bohemia \u2013 March 9, 1962 in Prague) was a Czech musicologist, music critic, author, and politician whose ideas dominated the cultural life of what is now the Czech Republic for most of the twentieth century. Although he started out merely reviewing operas in Prague newspapers in 1901, by the interwar period his status had risen, guided primarily by socialist political views. This combination of left wing politics and cultural leadership made him a central figure in the early years of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic after 1948, where he became the first Minister of Culture and Education. In this position he was responsible for creating a statewide education curriculum, and was associated with the early 1950s expulsion of university professors.", "Q53438": "Augustus III (Polish: August III Sas, Lithuanian: Augustas III; 17 October 1696 \u2013 5 October 1763) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1734 until 1763, as well as Elector of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire from 1733 until 1763 where he was known as Frederick Augustus II (German: Friedrich August II).\nHe was the only legitimate son of Augustus II the Strong, and converted to the Roman Catholicism in 1712 to secure his candidacy for the Polish throne. In 1719 he married Maria Josepha, daughter of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, and became Elector of Saxony following his father's death in 1733. Augustus was able to gain the support of Charles VI by agreeing to the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and also gained recognition from Russian Empress Anna by supporting Russia's claim to the region of Courland. He was elected king of Poland by a small minority on 5 October 1733 and subsequently banished the former Polish king Stanis\u0142aw I. He was crowned in Krak\u00f3w on 17 January 1734.Augustus was supportive of Austria against Prussia in the War of the Austrian Succession (1742) and again in the Seven Years' War (1756), both of which resulted in Saxony being defeated and occupied by the Prussian Kingdom. In Poland, his rule was marked by the increasing influence of the Czartoryski and Poniatowski families, and by the intervention of Catherine the Great in Polish affairs. His rule deepened the social anarchy in Poland and increased the country's dependence on its neighbours, notably Prussia, Austria and Russia. The Russian Empire prevented him from installing his family on the Polish throne, supporting instead the aristocrat Stanis\u0142aw August Poniatowski, the lover of Catherine the Great. Throughout his reign, Augustus was known to be more interested in ease and pleasure than in the affairs of state; this notable patron of the arts left the administration of Saxony and Poland to his chief adviser, Heinrich von Br\u00fchl, who in turn left Polish administration chiefly to the powerful Czartoryski family.", "Q393138": "\u017bmigr\u00f3d [\u02c8\u0290mi\u0261rut] (German: Trachenberg) is a town in Trzebnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina \u017bmigr\u00f3d.", "Q90315": "Klaus Gysi (3 March 1912 \u2013 6 March 1999) was a journalist and publisher and a member of the French Resistance against the Nazis. After World War II, he became a politician in the German Democratic Republic, serving in the government as Minister of Culture from 1966 to 1973, and from 1979 to 1988, as the State Secretary for Church Affairs. He was a member of the Socialist Unity Party (SED) and after German Reunification, the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS). His son is the German politician Gregor Gysi.", "Q928168": "Bronxville is a village in Westchester County, New York, located about 15 miles (24 km) north of midtown Manhattan. It is part of the town of Eastchester. The village comprises 1 square mile (2.5 km2) of land in its entirety, approximately 20% of the town of Eastchester. As of the 2010 U.S. census, Bronxville had a population of 6,323. The population of Bronxville in 2018 was 6,394. In 2016, Bronxville was rated by CNBC as the most expensive suburb of any of America's ten largest cities, with a median home value of $2.33 million. It was ranked eighth in Bloomberg's \"America's 100 Richest Places\" in 2017 and 2018 and ninth in 2019 and is the second richest town in the state of New York.", "Q957964": "Johan S\u00f6derqvist (born 11 February 1966) is a Swedish film score composer.\n\n", "Q461687": "Robert Gray Gallager (born May 29, 1931) is an American electrical engineer known for his work on information theory and communications networks. He was elected an IEEE Fellow in 1968, a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) in 1979, a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 1992, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) in 1999. He received the Claude E. Shannon Award from the IEEE Information Theory Society in 1983. He also received the IEEE Centennial Medal in 1984, the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1990 \"For fundamental contributions to communications coding techniques\", the Marconi Prize in 2003, and a\nDijkstra Prize in 2004, among other honors. For most of his career he was a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.", "Q12464": "Meckenheim is a town in the Rhein-Sieg district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 15 km south-west of Bonn.", "Q244674": "Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch (born 19 July 1976) is an English actor. A graduate of the Victoria University of Manchester, he continued his training at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, obtaining a Master of Arts in Classical Acting. He first performed at the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park in Shakespearean productions and made his West End debut in Richard Eyre's revival of Hedda Gabler in 2005. Since then, he has starred in the Royal National Theatre productions After the Dance (2010) and Frankenstein (2011). In 2015, he played the title role in Hamlet at the Barbican Theatre.\nCumberbatch's television work includes appearances in Silent Witness (2002) and Fortysomething (2003) before playing Stephen Hawking in the television film Hawking in 2004. He has starred as Sherlock Holmes in the series Sherlock since 2010. He has also headlined Tom Stoppard's adaptation of Parade's End (2012), The Hollow Crown: The Wars of the Roses (2016) and Patrick Melrose (2018). In film, Cumberbatch has starred in Amazing Grace (2006) as William Pitt the Younger, Star Trek Into Darkness (2013) as Khan, 12 Years a Slave (2013) as William Prince Ford, The Fifth Estate (2013) as Julian Assange, and The Imitation Game (2014) as Alan Turing. He also made a brief appearance in 1917 (2019) as Colonel Mackenzie. From 2012 to 2014, through voice and motion capture, he played the characters of Smaug and the Necromancer in The Hobbit film series. In superhero films set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, he has played Dr. Stephen Strange in Doctor Strange (2016), Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019).\nCumberbatch has received numerous accolades, including the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor for Frankenstein and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for Sherlock. His performance in The Imitation Game earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. In 2014 Time magazine included him in its annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world, and in 2015 he was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire.", "Q202621": "Larry Bell (born 1939) is an American contemporary artist and sculptor. He is best known for his glass boxes and large-scaled illusionistic sculptures. He is a grant recipient from, among others, the National Endowment for the Arts and the Guggenheim Foundation, and his artworks are found in the collections of many major cultural institutions. He lives and works in Taos, New Mexico, and maintains a studio in Venice, California.", "Q65834": "Wigoltingen is a municipality in the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q106399": "John Howard Northrop (July 5, 1891 \u2013 May 27, 1987) was an American biochemist who, with James Batcheller Sumner and Wendell Meredith Stanley, won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The award was given for these scientists' isolation, crystallization, and study of enzymes, proteins, and viruses. Northrop was a Professor of Bacteriology and Medical Physics, Emeritus, at University of California, Berkeley.", "Q178653": "Andr\u00e9 Morellet (7 March 1727 \u2013 12 January 1819) was a French economist, author of various writings, contributor to the Encyclop\u00e9die and one of the last Enlightenment Age philosophes.", "Q6244": "Lodi ( LOH-dee, Italian: [\u02c8l\u0254\u02d0di] (listen); Lodigiano: L\u00f2d) is a city and comune in Lombardy, northern Italy, primarily on the western bank of the River Adda. It is the capital of the province of Lodi.", "Q183387": "Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese conglomerate Sony. It was founded in 1887, evolving from the American Graphophone Company, the successor to the Volta Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business, and the second major company to produce records. From 1961 to 1990, Columbia recordings were released outside North America under the name CBS Records to avoid confusion with EMI's Columbia Graphophone Company. Columbia is one of Sony Music's four flagship record labels, alongside former longtime rival RCA Records, as well as Arista Records and Epic Records.\nArtists who have recorded for Columbia include AC/DC, Adele, Aerosmith, Louis Armstrong, Gene Autry, Count Basie, Nora Bayes, Bix Beiderbecke, Tony Bennett, Leonard Bernstein, Beyonc\u00e9, Blue \u00d6yster Cult, Dave Brubeck, The Byrds, Mariah Carey, Pablo Casals, Johnny Cash, The Clash, The Cleveland Orchestra, Rosemary Clooney, Leonard Cohen, Ornette Coleman, Elvis Costello, Miles Davis, Neil Diamond, Celine Dion, Bob Dylan, Earth, Wind & Fire, Duke Ellington, 50 Cent, Flatt and Scruggs, Erroll Garner, Benny Goodman, Glenn Gould, Adelaide Hall, Herbie Hancock, Lauryn Hill, Billie Holiday, Vladimir Horowitz, Billy Joel, Blind Willie Johnson, Robert Johnson, Al Jolson, Janis Joplin, Andre Kostelanetz, Yo-Yo Ma, Johnny Mathis, John Mayer, George Michael, Mitch Miller, Charles Mingus, Thelonious Monk, Billy Murray, Willie Nelson, The New York Philharmonic, The Philadelphia Orchestra, Pink Floyd, Santana, Frank Sinatra, Simon and Garfunkel, Bessie Smith, John Philip Sousa, Bruce Springsteen, Igor Stravinsky, Barbra Streisand, System of a Down, James Taylor, Bonnie Tyler, Ethel Waters, Weather Report, Paul Whiteman, Andy Williams, Bert Williams, Pharrell Williams, Bob Wills, and Bill Withers.", "Q169986": "Makalu is the fifth highest mountain in the world at 8,485 metres (27,838 ft). It is located in the Mahalangur Himalayas 19 km (12 mi) southeast of Mount Everest, on the border between Nepal and Tibet Autonomous Region, China. One of the eight-thousanders, Makalu is an isolated peak whose shape is a four-sided pyramid.\nMakalu has two notable subsidiary peaks. Kangchungtse, or Makalu II (7,678 m) lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north-northwest of the main summit. Rising about 5 km (3.1 mi) north-northeast of the main summit across a broad plateau, and connected to Kangchungtse by a narrow, 7,200 m saddle, is Chomo Lonzo (7,804 m).", "Q296732": "The Next Man (also known as The Arab Conspiracy or Double Hit) is a 1976 American political action thriller film starring Sean Connery, Adolfo Celi, Cornelia Sharpe and Charles Cioffi. Critical reaction at its opening was not positive. Music for the film features New York City guitarist Frederic Hand, as well as the film score debut for composer Michael Kamen.", "Q72390": "Edward Conze, born Eberhard Julius Dietrich Conze (1904\u20131979), was an eminent scholar of Marxism and Buddhism, known primarily for his commentaries and translations of the Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 literature.\n\n", "Q7052125": "Norman Crowther Hunt, Baron Crowther-Hunt (13 March 1920 \u2013 16 February 1987) was a British scholar and Labour politician. He served as a Minister of State in Harold Wilson's 1974\u20131976 government, and became Rector of Exeter College, Oxford in 1982.", "Q1904693": "Andrew Marriner (born 25 February 1954) is a British solo, chamber and orchestral clarinettist. He became principal of the London Symphony Orchestra in 1986 following the footsteps of the late Jack Brymer. During his orchestral career he has maintained his place on the worldwide solo concert platform alongside an active role in the field of chamber music.", "Q873178": "Eduard Gr\u00e9gr (also Groeger), along with his brother Julius, was one of the leaders of the Young Czech Party.\nHe was born on 4 March 1827 and died on 1 April 1907. He was a Czech physician, politician and journalist. Eduard began his career as a medical doctor and writer of popular science articles during the 1850s. After graduating from medical school in 1854, he also served as a research assistant to Purkyne who wrote about anthropology and biology. Eduard viewed science and medicine as the best tool to work towards a more just and rational ordering of society. In January 1861, Eduard joined Julius on the editorial board of the Narodni listy and took a more active managerial role during the times that Julius was imprisoned in 1862. During the 1880s and 1890s he continued to be one of the leading pamphleteers of the Young Czech party. He stopped practicing medicine and conducting scientific experiments in 1862 so that he could focus on a full-time political career. He became the Young Czech party's principal party speechmaker. Unlike his brother Julius, Eduard's temperament was characterized as very calm, warm and generous.", "Q580479": "Clifford Carwood Lipton (30 January 1920 \u2013 16 December 2001) was a commissioned officer with Easy Company, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division, during World War II. \nOn the battlefields of Europe, he was promoted to Company first sergeant and was awarded a battlefield commission to second lieutenant. He has said \"it was the greatest honor ever awarded\" to him. He eventually earned a promotion to first lieutenant before leaving the Army.He was featured in the 2010 book A Company of Heroes: Personal Memories about the Real Band of Brothers and the Legacy They Left Us, and portrayed by Donnie Wahlberg in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers.", "Q715800": "Kimi ni Todoke: From Me to You (\u541b\u306b\u5c4a\u3051, lit. Reaching You) is a Japanese sh\u014djo romance manga by Karuho Shiina. It was published by Shueisha in Bessatsu Margaret from 2005 to 2017 and collected in 30 tank\u014dbon volumes. In 2008, it won the Best Sh\u014djo Manga award in the 32nd Annual Kodansha Manga Award. The series was also nominated for the first Manga Taisho awards in 2008. Two anime adaptations of Kimi ni Todoke were aired in Japan, produced by Production I.G. The second season of the anime was announced in Betsuma Magazine, began airing in Japan on January 4, 2011 and lasted for 12 episodes. A live action film adaptation was released in 2010 starring Mikako Tabe and Haruma Miura.\n\n", "Q282747": "Westbury is a village in Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 15,146 at the 2010 census. The Incorporated Village of Westbury is in the Town of North Hempstead. It is located about 18 miles (29 km) east of Manhattan.\n\n", "Q173706": "Alex Blignaut (30 November 1932 in Johannesburg \u2013 15 January 2001 in Honeydew, Johannesburg) was a racing driver and motor racing team owner from South Africa.\n\n", "Q1384655": "Samuel Louis \"Sam\" Warner (born Szmuel Wonsal, August 10, 1887 \u2013 October 5, 1927) was an American film producer who was the co-founder and chief executive officer of Warner Bros. He established the studio along with his brothers Harry, Albert, and Jack L. Warner. Sam Warner is credited with procuring the technology that enabled Warner Bros. to produce the film industry's first feature-length talking picture, The Jazz Singer. He died in 1927, the day before the film's enormously successful premiere.", "Q51549": "Jacques Tati (French: [tati]; born Jacques Tatischeff, pronounced [tati\u0283\u025bf]; 9 October 1907 \u2013 5 November 1982) was a French mime, filmmaker, actor, and screenwriter. Throughout his long career, he worked as a comic actor, writer, and director. In a poll conducted by Entertainment Weekly of the Greatest Movie Directors, Tati was voted the 46th greatest of all time. With only six feature-length films to his credit as director, he directed fewer films than any other director on this list of 50.\nTati's Playtime (1967) ranked 43rd in the 2012 Sight & Sound critics' poll of the greatest films ever made.As David Bellos puts it, \"Tati, from l'Ecole des facteurs to Playtime, is the epitome of what an auteur is (in film theory) supposed to be: the controlling mind behind a vision of the world on film\".", "Q841874": "Kuroda Kan'ichi (\u9ed2\u7530 \u5bdb\u4e00, October 20, 1927 \u2013 June 26, 2006) was a 20th-century Japanese philosopher and social theorist. Born in Fuch\u016b, Tokyo as the son of a doctor, he began studying Marxist philosophy at the age of twenty, in 1947, following the defeat of Japan and the subsequent U.S. occupation of Japan. At this time the workers movement in Japan was quite strong, but very influenced by pro-Soviet politics. Kuroda began studying closely works by prominent Japanese philosophers, among them Umemoto Katsumi, Kakehashi Akihide and Uno K\u014dz\u014d.\nIn 1956, following the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, Kuroda joined Kurihara T\u014dichi in forming the first Trotskyist organization in Japanese history. Kuroda criticised the mechanical \"materialism\" that was prevalent in the orthodox Marxism, and instead developed a philosophical theory of \"Materialist Subjectivity\".\nIn 1959, Kuroda became the Chairman of the Japan Revolutionary Communist League. He wrote over fifty books published both in Japan and other countries on such subjects as Marxist philosophy, the analysis of Soviet society, Japanese cultural history, theory and praxis of organization building, and contemporary politics.\nFrom 1963, Kuroda was the central theoretical figure in the Japan Revolutionary Communist League (Revolutionary Marxist Faction), remaining active in the group until retiring late in life.", "Q2022": "Cesare Pavese (UK: pav-AY-zay, -\u2060zee, Italian: [\u02c8t\u0283e\u02d0zare pa\u02c8ve\u02d0ze, \u02c8t\u0283\u025b\u02d0-, -e\u02d0se]; 9 September 1908 \u2013 27 August 1950) was an Italian novelist, poet, short-story writer, translator and literary critic.", "Q115483": "Max Rudolf Frisch (15 May 1911 \u2013 4 April 1991) was a Swiss playwright and novelist. Frisch's works focused on problems of identity, individuality, responsibility, morality, and political commitment. The use of irony is a significant feature of his post-war output. Frisch was one of the founders of Gruppe Olten. He was awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 1986.", "Q246063": "Noriko Aoyama (\u9752\u5c71\u502b\u5b50, Aoyama Noriko, born 29 December 1978) is a former model and a Japanese actress. She has appeared in more than twenty films since 2002.\n\n", "Q218679": "Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette (French: [k\u0254.l\u025bt]; 28 January 1873 \u2013 3 August 1954), known mononymously as Colette, was a French author and woman of letters. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948, and was also known as a mime, actress, and journalist. Colette is best remembered for her 1944 novella Gigi (1944), which was the basis for the 1958 film and the 1973 stage production of the same name.\n\n", "Q1182288": "Dee Murray (born David Murray Oates; 3 April 1946 \u2013 15 January 1992) was an English bass guitarist, best known as a member of the Elton John Band.", "Q59115": "Philosophy of science is a sub-field of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. The central questions of this study concern what qualifies as science, the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultimate purpose of science. This discipline overlaps with metaphysics, ontology, and epistemology, for example, when it explores the relationship between science and truth. Philosophy of science focuses on metaphysical, epistemic and semantic aspects of science. Ethical issues such as bioethics and scientific misconduct are often considered ethics or science studies rather than philosophy of science.\nThere is no consensus among philosophers about many of the central problems concerned with the philosophy of science, including whether science can reveal the truth about unobservable things and whether scientific reasoning can be justified at all. In addition to these general questions about science as a whole, philosophers of science consider problems that apply to particular sciences (such as biology or physics). Some philosophers of science also use contemporary results in science to reach conclusions about philosophy itself.\nWhile philosophical thought pertaining to science dates back at least to the time of Aristotle, general philosophy of science emerged as a distinct discipline only in the 20th century in the wake of the logical positivist movement, which aimed to formulate criteria for ensuring all philosophical statements' meaningfulness and objectively assessing them. Charles Sanders Peirce and Karl Popper moved on from positivism to establish a modern set of standards for scientific methodology. Thomas Kuhn's 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was also formative, challenging the view of scientific progress as steady, cumulative acquisition of knowledge based on a fixed method of systematic experimentation and instead arguing that any progress is relative to a \"paradigm,\" the set of questions, concepts, and practices that define a scientific discipline in a particular historical period.Subsequently, the coherentist approach to science, in which a theory is validated if it makes sense of observations as part of a coherent whole, became prominent due to W.V. Quine and others. Some thinkers such as Stephen Jay Gould seek to ground science in axiomatic assumptions, such as the uniformity of nature. A vocal minority of philosophers, and Paul Feyerabend in particular, argue that there is no such thing as the \"scientific method\", so all approaches to science should be allowed, including explicitly supernatural ones. Another approach to thinking about science involves studying how knowledge is created from a sociological perspective, an approach represented by scholars like David Bloor and Barry Barnes. Finally, a tradition in continental philosophy approaches science from the perspective of a rigorous analysis of human experience.\nPhilosophies of the particular sciences range from questions about the nature of time raised by Einstein's general relativity, to the implications of economics for public policy. A central theme is whether the terms of one scientific theory can be intra- or intertheoretically reduced to the terms of another. That is, can chemistry be reduced to physics, or can sociology be reduced to individual psychology? The general questions of philosophy of science also arise with greater specificity in some particular sciences. For instance, the question of the validity of scientific reasoning is seen in a different guise in the foundations of statistics. The question of what counts as science and what should be excluded arises as a life-or-death matter in the philosophy of medicine. Additionally, the philosophies of biology, of psychology, and of the social sciences explore whether the scientific studies of human nature can achieve objectivity or are inevitably shaped by values and by social relations.", "Q56226": "Kim Jong-un (officially transcribed Kim Jong Un; Korean: \uae40\uc815\uc740; Korean pronunciation: [kim.dz\u0254\u014b.\u026fn]; born 8 January 1983 or 1984) is a North Korean politician who has been the Supreme Leader of North Korea since 2011 and chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea since 2012. He is the second child of Kim Jong-il (1941\u20132011), who was North Korea's second leader from 1994 to 2011, and Ko Yong-hui (1952\u20132004). He is the grandson of Kim Il-sung, who was the founder and led North Korea from its establishment in 1948 until his death in 1994.\nFrom late 2010, Kim Jong-un was viewed as heir apparent to the leadership of North Korea, and following the elder Kim's death, North Korean state television announced him as the \"Great Successor\". Kim holds the titles of Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea (as First Secretary between 2012 and 2016), Chairman of the Central Military Commission, Chairman of the State Affairs Commission, commander-in-chief (as SAC chairman), and member of the Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea, the highest decision-making body in North Korea. Kim was promoted to the rank of Marshal of North Korea in the Korean People's Army on 18 July 2012, consolidating his position as the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. North Korean state media often refers to him as Marshal Kim Jong-un, \"the Marshal\" or \"Dear Respected.\"\nKim rules a dictatorship where elections are not free and fair, government critics are persecuted, media is controlled by the regime, internet access is limited by the regime, and there is no freedom of religion. His regime operates an extensive network of prisons and labor camps; the regime convicts people for political crimes and uses collective punishment whereby members of a family get punished for the crimes of one person. According to the United Nations, North Koreans live under \"systematic, widespread and gross human rights violations\" where the regime \"seeks to dominate every aspect of its citizens\u2019 lives and terrorizes them from within.\" The regime exerts extensive control over the North Korean economy, with substantial state-controlled economic enterprises and significant restrictions on North Koreans' ability to engage in foreign economic activity. On 12 December 2013, Kim ordered the execution of his uncle Jang Song-thaek for \"treachery\". Kim is widely believed to have ordered the assassination of his half-brother, Kim Jong-nam, in Malaysia in February 2017. On 12 June 2018, Kim and US President Donald Trump met for a summit in Singapore, the first-ever talks held between a North Korean leader and a sitting US President, to discuss the North Korean nuclear program.", "Q105690": "August H\u00f6gn (2 August 1878 \u2013 13 December 1961) was a German teacher, composer and historian.", "Q249350": "Haywire is a 2011 action thriller film directed by Steven Soderbergh, starring Gina Carano, Michael Fassbender, Ewan McGregor, Bill Paxton, Channing Tatum, Antonio Banderas, and Michael Douglas. Carano, a mixed martial arts fighter, performs her own stunts in the film. The score is by Northern Irish DJ and composer David Holmes.\nThe plot centers on Mallory Kane (Carano), a black ops operative who is betrayed by her employers and targeted for assassination by a conspiracy that she is forced to unravel. The film premiered on November 6, 2011 at the American Film Institute\u2018s AFI Fest and received a wide release on January 20, 2012 by Relativity Media. It had generally positive critical reception, with critics praising its action, choreography, and Soderbergh's direction, but with some criticism levied at newcomer Carano's performance. The film grossed $33.4 million.", "Q181590": "Sir Granville George Greenwood (3 January 1850 \u2013 27 October 1928), usually known as George Greenwood or G. G. Greenwood, was a British lawyer, politician, cricketer, animal welfare reformer and energetic advocate of the Shakespeare authorship question.\n\n", "Q60794": "Gorgeous (Chinese: \u73bb\u7483\u6a3d; Jyutping: bo1 lei4 zeon1) is a 1999 Hong Kong action romantic comedy film written and directed by Vincent Kok who played Lo's assistant, and co-written and produced by Jackie Chan, who also starred in the film. The film co-stars Shu Qi, Tony Leung and Emil Chau.", "Q3288164": "Marc Eug\u00e8ne Charles Ladreit de Lacharri\u00e8re (born November 6, 1940) is the CEO of FIMALAC (a.k.a. Financi\u00e8re Marc de Lacharri\u00e8re), once majority owner of Fitch Group which now retains only 20% of it since the divestment to Hearst Corporation in March 2015.On the Forbes 2016 list of the world's billionaires, he was ranked #722 with a net worth of US$2.4 billion.\n\n", "Q165164": "100 Rifles is a 1969 western directed by Tom Gries and starring Jim Brown, Burt Reynolds and Raquel Welch. It is based on Robert MacLeod's 1966 novel The Californio. The film was shot in Spain. The original music score was composed by Jerry Goldsmith.\n\n", "Q17736942": "Charles Pearce Coleman (December 22, 1885 \u2013 March 8, 1951) was an Australian-born American character actor of the silent and sound film eras.", "Q88572": "Christiane Nielsen (10 September 1936 \u2013 8 April 2007) was a German film actress. She appeared in 24 films between 1957 and 1967. She was born in W\u00fcrzburg, Germany and died in Frankfurt, Germany.\n\n", "Q844924": "The illegal drug trade or drug trafficking is a global black market dedicated to the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs that are subject to drug prohibition laws. Most jurisdictions prohibit trade, except under license, of many types of drugs through the use of drug prohibition laws.\nThe United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime's World Drug Report 2005 estimates the size of the global illicit drug market at US$321.6 billion in 2003 alone. With a world GDP of US$36 trillion in the same year, the illegal drug trade may be estimated as nearly 1% of total global trade. Consumption of illegal drugs is widespread globally and it remains very difficult for local authorities to thwart its popularity.\n\n", "Q156586": "Naomie Melanie Harris (born 6 September 1976) is an English actress. She started her career as a child, appearing in the television series Simon and the Witch in 1987. She portrayed Selena in the zombie film 28 Days Later (2002), the witch Tia Dalma in the second and third Pirates of the Caribbean films, and Winnie Mandela in Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (2013). She portrayed Eve Moneypenny in the James Bond films Skyfall (2012) and Spectre (2015), and is set to reprise the role in the upcoming film No Time to Die (2020).\nIn 2016, she starred in the critically acclaimed film Moonlight, a performance that earned her several accolades, including nominations for the Golden Globe, BAFTA, and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Harris was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to drama.", "Q7172": "The Arab League (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u200e al-J\u0101mi\u02bbah al-\u02bbArab\u012byah), formally the League of Arab States (Arabic: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u200e J\u0101mi\u02bfat ad-Duwal al-\u02bfArab\u012byah), is a regional organization in the Arab world, which is located in Africa and Western Asia. The Arab League was formed in Cairo on 22 March 1945 initially with six members: Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan (renamed Jordan in 1949), Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. Yemen joined as a member on 5 May 1945. Currently, the League has 22 members, but Syria's participation has been suspended since November 2011.The League's main goal is to \"draw closer the relations between member states and co-ordinate collaboration between them, to safeguard their independence and sovereignty, and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries\".Through institutions, such as the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO) and the Economic and Social Council of the Arab League's Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU), the Arab League facilitates political, economic, cultural, scientific, and social programmes designed to promote the interests of the Arab world. It has served as a forum for the member states to coordinate their policy positions, to deliberate on matters of common concern, to settle some Arab disputes and to limit conflicts such as the 1958 Lebanon crisis. The League has served as a platform for the drafting and conclusion of many landmark documents promoting economic integration. One example is the Joint Arab Economic Action Charter, which outlines the principles for economic activities in the region.\n\nEach member state has one vote in the League Council, and decisions are binding only for those states that have voted for them. The aims of the league in 1945 were to strengthen and coordinate the political, cultural, economic and social programs of its members and to mediate disputes among them or between them and third parties. Furthermore, the signing of an agreement on Joint Defence and Economic Cooperation on 13 April 1950 committed the signatories to coordination of military defence measures. In March 2015, the Arab League General Secretary announced the establishment of a Joint Arab Force with the aim of counteracting extremism and other threats to the Arab States. The decision was reached while Operation Decisive Storm was intensifying in Yemen. Participation in the project is voluntary, and the army intervenes only at the request of one of the member states. The growing militarization of the region and the increase in violent civil wars as well as terrorist movements are the reason behind the creation of the JAF, financed by the rich Gulf countries.In the early 1970s, the Economic Council of the League of Arab States put forward a proposal to create the Joint Arab Chambers of Commerce across the European states. That led, under the decree of the League of Arab States no. K1175/D52/G, to the decision by the Arab governments to set up the Arab British Chamber of Commerce which was mandated to \"promote, encourage and facilitate bilateral trade\" between the Arab world and its major trading partner, the United Kingdom.\n\n", "Q937060": "Ion Ag\u00e2rbiceanu (September 12, 1882 \u2013 May 28, 1963) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian writer, journalist, politician, theologian and Greek-Catholic priest. A native of Transylvania, he graduated from Budapest University, after which he was ordained. He was initially assigned to a parish in the Apuseni Mountains, which form the backdrop to much of his fiction. Before 1910, Ag\u00e2rbiceanu had achieved literary fame in both Transylvania and the Kingdom of Romania; his work was disputed between the rival schools of S\u0103m\u0103n\u0103torul and Poporanism.\nCommitted to social and cultural activism in Transylvania, Ag\u00e2rbiceanu spent the 1910s officiating near Sibiu, with a break during World War I that eventually took him deep into Ukraine. In 1919, he moved to Cluj, where he lived for most of the remainder of his life. After the war, he involved himself in both the political and cultural life of Greater Romania. He was voted into the Romanian Academy and assumed the office of Senate vice president under the National Renaissance Front dictatorship.\nAg\u00e2rbiceanu spent his last decade and a half under a communist regime that outlawed his church, an act in which he refused to cooperate. Much of his work, with its transparent Christian moralizing, proved incompatible with the new ideology, and was banned by communist censors; however, the regime found him useful for its image, and bestowed honors upon him. Ag\u00e2rbiceanu's full contribution has been made available since the 1990s, but he endures as a largely forgotten author, with the possible exception of his Apuseni-based novella, Fefeleaga.", "Q167983": "Schw\u00e4ndi is a village, and former municipality, in the municipality of Glarus S\u00fcd and canton of Glarus in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q553609": "Marian Andrzej Dudziak (born 2 February 1941) was a Polish sprinter who specialized in the 100 metres.\nHe was born in Wielichowo and represented the clubs Orkan Pozna\u0144 and Olimpia Pozna\u0144. At the 1964 Summer Olympics he won a silver medal in the 4 x 100 metres relay with teammates Andrzej Zieli\u0144ski, Wies\u0142aw Maniak and Marian Foik. He also competed in the 100 metres event, reaching the quarter-final. He achieved his personal best time in the 100 metres in the same year; 10.2 seconds with handtiming.He won an individual silver medal in 200 metres at the 1966 European Championships. At the 1967 European Indoor Games he finished fifth in the 50 metres race. He also competed in the relay final, but the team did not finish. At the 1968 European Indoor Games he won a silver medal in the medley relay, which he ran with Edmund Borowski, Waldemar Korycki and Andrzej Bade\u0144ski. At the 1968 Summer Olympics he finished eighth in the 4 x 100 metres relay and reached the quarter-final in the 100 metres event. At the 1971 European Championships he won a silver medal in the 4 x 100 metres relay together with Gerard Gramse, Tadeusz Cuch and Zenon Nowosz.He became Polish 100 metres champion in 1968 and 200 metres champion in 1966.", "Q129352": "Stepanakert (Armenian: \u054d\u057f\u0565\u0583\u0561\u0576\u0561\u056f\u0565\u0580\u057f Step'anakert; Eastern Armenian pronunciation: [\u0259st\u025bp\u02b0ana\u02c8k\u025b\u027et]), Khankendi (Azerbaijani: Xank\u0259ndi, [x\u0251nk\u00e6n\u02c8di]) and originally called Vararakn (Armenian: \u054e\u0561\u0580\u0561\u0580\u0561\u056f\u0576, [varara\u02c8k\u0259n]), is the capital and the largest city of the de facto Republic of Artsakh. The Republic has limited international recognition, being deemed part of the Republic of Azerbaijan by most countries. As of 2015, the population of Stepanakert is 55,200.", "Q168468": "Sir David Brewster KH PRSE FRS FSA (Scot) FSSA MICE (11 December 1781 \u2013 10 February 1868) was a Scottish scientist, inventor, author, and academic administrator. In science he is principally remembered for his experimental work in physical optics, mostly concerned with the study of the polarization of light and including the discovery of Brewster's angle. He studied the birefringence of crystals under compression and discovered photoelasticity, thereby creating the field of optical mineralogy. For this work, William Whewell dubbed him the \"father of modern experimental optics\" and \"the Johannes Kepler of optics.\"A pioneer in photography, Brewster invented an improved stereoscope, which he called \"lenticular stereoscope\" and which became the first portable 3D-viewing device. He also invented the binocular camera, two types of polarimeters, the polyzonal lens, the lighthouse illuminator, and the kaleidoscope.\nBrewster was a Presbyterian and walked arm in arm with his brother on the Disruption procession which formed the Free Church of Scotland. As a historian of science, Brewster focused on the life and work of his hero, Isaac Newton. Brewster published a detailed biography of Newton in 1831 and later became the first scientific historian to examine many of the papers in Newton's Nachlass. Brewster also wrote numerous works of popular science, and was one of the founders of the British Science Association, of which he was elected President in 1849. He became the public face of higher education in Scotland, serving as Principal of the University of St Andrews (1837\u201359) and later of the University of Edinburgh (1859\u201368). Brewster also edited the 18-volume Edinburgh Encyclop\u00e6dia.\n\n", "Q671410": "Carlos, also known as Carlos the Jackal, is a 2010 French-German biographical film/miniseries about the life of the 1970s Venezuelan terrorist Carlos the Jackal (Ilich Ram\u00edrez S\u00e1nchez), covering his first series of attacks in 1973 until his arrest in 1994. It premiered as a three-part TV mini-series on French pay channel Canal+, with the three parts airing on May 19, May 26, and June 2, 2010. On the same day it premiered on Canal+, the full 5\u00bd-hour version was also shown out of competition at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival.Produced by Daniel Leconte, of French production company Film En Stock, and Jens Meuer, of German production company Egoli Tossell Film, in association with Canal+ and French Arte, it was directed by Olivier Assayas from a screenplay by Leconte, Assayas and Dan Franck, and stars \u00c9dgar Ram\u00edrez as Carlos. The film exists both as a three-part mini-series and a feature film of various lengths between 319 and 338 minutes, as well as in several abridged versions, ranging from 187 minutes (German cinema version) to 166 minutes (US video on demand version).Classified as a theatrical film and as a TV film/TV mini-series, Carlos has been awarded both theatrical awards and TV awards; among them the 2010 Golden Globe award for the Best Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television, the 2010 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Language Film and for Best Director, the National Society of Film Critics 2010 award for Best Director, the New York Film Critics Circle 2010 award for Best Foreign Language Film, the 2010 European Film Award for Best Editor, the 2010 Critics Award for Best Film at the S\u00e3o Paulo International Film Festival, and \u00c9dgar Ram\u00edrez won the 2010 C\u00e9sar Award for Most Promising Actor. In a 2016 international critics' poll conducted by BBC the film version of Carlos, Toni Erdmann, and Requiem for a Dream were tied for a place in list of the 100 greatest motion pictures since 2000.", "Q1503": "Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (19 August 1878 \u2013 1 August 1944) was a Filipino statesman, soldier and politician who served as president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944. He was the first Filipino to head a government of the entire Philippines (as opposed to the government of previous Philippine states), and is considered to have been the second president of the Philippines, after Emilio Aguinaldo (1899\u20131901).\nDuring his presidency, Quezon tackled the problem of landless peasants in the countryside. His other major decisions include the reorganization of the islands' military defense, approval of a recommendation for government reorganization, the promotion of settlement and development in Mindanao, dealing with the foreign stranglehold on Philippine trade and commerce, proposals for land reform, and opposing graft and corruption within the government. He established a government-in-exile in the U.S. with the outbreak of the war and the threat of Japanese invasion.\nIt was during his exile in the U.S. that he died of tuberculosis at Saranac Lake, New York. He was buried in the Arlington National Cemetery until the end of World War II, when his remains were moved to Manila. His final resting place is the Quezon Memorial Circle.\nIn 2015, the Board of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation approved a posthumous bestowal of the Wallenberg Medal upon President Quezon and to the people of the Philippines for having reached out, between 1937 and 1941, to the victims of the Holocaust. President Benigno Aquino III and then-94-year-old Maria Zenaida Quezon Avance\u00f1a, the daughter of the former president, were informed of this recognition.\n\n", "Q91023": "Roger Willemsen (15 August 1955 \u2013 7 February 2016) was a German author, essayist and TV presenter.", "Q1277087": "Earl Zebedee Hooker (January 15, 1930 \u2013 April 21, 1970) was a Chicago blues guitarist known for his slide guitar playing. Considered a \"musician's musician\", he performed with blues artists such as Sonny Boy Williamson II, Junior Wells, and John Lee Hooker and fronted his own bands. An early player of the electric guitar, Hooker was influenced by the modern urban styles of T-Bone Walker and Robert Nighthawk. He recorded several singles and albums as a bandleader and with other well-known artists. His \"Blue Guitar\", a slide guitar instrumental single, was popular in the Chicago area and was later overdubbed with vocals by Muddy Waters as \"You Shook Me\".\nIn the late 1960s, Hooker began performing on the college and concert circuit and had several recording contracts. Just as his career was on an upswing, he died in 1970, at age 40, after a lifelong struggle with tuberculosis. His guitar playing has been acknowledged by many of his peers, including B.B. King, who commented, \"to me he is the best of modern guitarists. Period. With the slide he was the best. It was nobody else like him, he was just one of a kind\".", "Q389148": "Margherita Carosio (7 June 1908 \u2013 10 January 2005) was an Italian operatic soprano. Her voice is preserved in many Parlophone and Ultraphon recordings made before World War II, as well as a memorable series made for HMV in London, beginning in 1946. She was still singing leading roles in her early sixties and was considered one of the leading bel canto sopranos of her day. She was born and died in Genoa.", "Q1393301": "Fairleigh Dickinson University is a private university with its main campuses in New Jersey. Founded in 1942, Fairleigh Dickinson University currently offers more than 100 individual degree programs to its students. In addition to its two campuses in New Jersey, the university also has a campus in Canada, a campus in the United Kingdom, and an online platform. Fairleigh Dickinson University is New Jersey's largest private institution of higher education, with over 11,000 students.", "Q228792": "Dianna Elise Agron (; born April 30, 1986) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. In 2006, Agron made her television debut as Jessica Grant on CSI: NY. From 2006 to 2007, Agron had recurring roles on Veronica Mars as Jenny Budosh, and Heroes as Debbie Marshall.\nIn 2009, Agron was cast as Quinn Fabray on the Fox musical comedy-drama series Glee. Agron has appeared in the films The Hunters (2011), I Am Number Four (2011), The Family (2013), Zipper (2015), Bare (2015), and Novitiate (2017).", "Q41772": "Stein Erik Lunde (born 22 November 1953) is a Norwegian novelist, children's writer, biographer and textbook writer.\nLunde made his literary debut in 1982 with the crime novel Ingenting ruster. He was awarded the Brage Prize in 1998 for the children's books Eggg. Among his later books are Ulv from 2004, En far from 2006, and Eg kan ikkje sove no from 2008.In addition to being an author, Lunde also writes lyrics and has translated Bob Dylan into Norwegian.", "Q57110": "Corsier-sur-Vevey is a municipality in the district of Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q32": "Luxembourg ( (listen) LUK-s\u0259m-burg; Luxembourgish: L\u00ebtzebuerg [\u02c8l\u0259ts\u0259bu\u0259\u032f\u0255] (listen); French: Luxembourg; German: Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Its capital, Luxembourg City, is one of the four official capitals of the European Union (together with Brussels, Frankfurt, and Strasbourg) and the seat of the European Court of Justice, the highest judicial authority in the EU. Its culture, people, and languages are highly intertwined with its neighbours, making it essentially a mixture of French and German cultures, as evident by the nation's three official languages: French, German, and the national language of Luxembourgish. The repeated invasions by Germany, especially in World War II, resulted in the country's strong will for mediation between France and Germany and, among other things, led to the foundation of the European Union.With an area of 2,586 square kilometres (998 sq mi), it is one of the smallest sovereign states in Europe. In 2019, Luxembourg had a population of 626,108, which makes it one of the least-populous countries in Europe, but by far the one with the highest population growth rate. Foreigners account for nearly half of Luxembourg's population. As a representative democracy with a constitutional monarch, it is headed by Grand Duke Henri and is the world's only remaining sovereign grand duchy. Luxembourg is a developed country, with an advanced economy and one of the world's highest GDP (PPP) per capita. The City of Luxembourg with its old quarters and fortifications was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 due to the exceptional preservation of the vast fortifications and the old city.The history of Luxembourg is considered to begin in 963, when count Siegfried acquired a rocky promontory and its Roman-era fortifications known as Lucilinburhuc, \"little castle\", and the surrounding area from the Imperial Abbey of St. Maximin in nearby Trier. Siegfried's descendants increased their territory through marriage, war and vassal relations. At the end of the 13th century, the counts of Luxembourg reigned over a considerable territory. In 1308, Henry VII, Count of Luxembourg became King of the Germans and later Holy Roman Emperor. The House of Luxembourg produced four emperors during the High Middle Ages. In 1354, Charles IV elevated the county to the Duchy of Luxembourg. The duchy eventually became part of the Burgundian Circle and then one of the Seventeen Provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands.\nOver the centuries, the City and Fortress of Luxembourg, of great strategic importance situated between the Kingdom of France and the Habsburg territories, was gradually built up to be one of the most reputed fortifications in Europe. After belonging to both the France of Louis XIV and the Austria of Maria Theresa, Luxembourg became part of the First French Republic and Empire under Napoleon.The present-day state of Luxembourg first emerged at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. The Grand Duchy, with its powerful fortress, became an independent state under the personal possession of William I of the Netherlands with a Prussian garrison to guard the city against another invasion from France. In 1839, following the turmoil of the Belgian Revolution, the purely French-speaking part of Luxembourg was ceded to Belgium and the Luxembourgish-speaking part (except the Arelerland, the area around Arlon) became what is the present state of Luxembourg.Luxembourg is a founding member of the European Union, OECD, United Nations, NATO, and Benelux. The city of Luxembourg, which is the country's capital and largest city, is the seat of several institutions and agencies of the EU. Luxembourg served on the United Nations Security Council for the years 2013 and 2014, which was a first in the country's history. As of 2020, Luxembourg citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 187 countries and territories, ranking the Luxembourgish passport fifth in the world, tied with Denmark and Spain.", "Q58223": "Oldemiro J\u00falio Marques Bal\u00f3i (born April 9, 1955) is a Mozambican political figure who has served in the government of Mozambique as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2008 to 2017.", "Q143835": "Holy Smoke! is a 1999 comedic drama film directed by Jane Campion, and starring Kate Winslet and Harvey Keitel. Its plot follows an American exit counselor (Keitel) who attempts to deprogram a young Australian woman (Winslet) who has been indoctrinated into new age cult in India. Julie Hamilton, Tim Robertson, Daniel Wyllie, and Pam Grier appear in supporting roles.\nDirector Jane Campion wrote the screenplay for the film with her sister, Anna Campion. The film was a co-production between Australia and the United States. The film premiered at the 56th Venice International Film Festival and was shown at the New York Film Festival and the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival before being released theatrically.", "Q2062610": "Paul Cline Strasburger, Baron Strasburger (born 31 July 1946) is a British Liberal Democrat politician, millionaire philanthropist and semi-retired businessman.", "Q93634": "Michael D. C. Drout (; born 1968) is Professor of English and Director of the Center for the Study of the Medieval at Wheaton College. He is an author and editor specializing in Anglo-Saxon and medieval literature, science fiction and fantasy, especially the works of J. R. R. Tolkien and Ursula K. Le Guin.", "Q172430": "Loyola University New Orleans is a private Jesuit university in New Orleans, Louisiana. Originally established as Loyola College in 1904, the institution was chartered as a university in 1912. It bears the name of the Jesuit founder, Saint Ignatius of Loyola. Loyola is one of 28 member institutions that make up the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities and, with its current enrollment of approximately 5000 students, is among the mid-sized Jesuit universities in the United States. Loyola University New Orleans is ranked as the tenth best institution among Southern regional universities offering masters and undergraduate degrees in the 2017 issue of the annual America's Best Colleges issue and guidebook published by U.S. News & World Report, and 197th among national universities in the 2020 report. The Princeton Review also features Loyola University New Orleans in the most recent editions of its annual book, The Best 371 Colleges. In the past, the school has been called Loyola of the South, Loyola New Orleans, Loyola University, New Orleans, and Loyola University of New Orleans.", "Q315407": "The Christian-National Peasants' and Farmers' Party (German: Christlich-Nationale Bauern- und Landvolkpartei, or CNBL) was an agrarian political party of Weimar Germany. It developed from the German National People's Party (DNVP) in 1928.\nThe group had emerged following the 1928 election at which the DNVP suffered losses. In response the party appointed the radical right Alfred Hugenberg as leader and he adopted a policy of opposition to the Weimar Republic, the party having previously been critical of, but largely engaged with, the system. Hugenberg's ideas gained support among the large landowners but many of the smaller owners who were associated with the DNVP were alarmed by the shift and, under the direction of Karl Hepp, leader of the Landbund in Hessen-Nassau, they moved to form their own party. The new group was based in Hessen and Thuringia. It has been characterised as part of a wider attempt by the middle classes to assert their economic interests in the mid to late 1920s by founding their own, fairly narrowly based, parties, including the German Farmers' Party and in urban areas the Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflation and Reich Party of the German Middle Class.The party contested the 1928 in coalition with the German-Hanoverian Party to win nine seats individually and 13 for the coalition. It increased its share in 1930 to a party high of 19 seats as part of a Deutsches Landvolk group that captured 26 seats and included the Hanoverians, the Conservative People's Party and a smaller group using the name Konservative Volkspartei und Deutsch-Hannoversche Partei. Under the name Deutsches Landvolk it was part of the German National People's Party's bloc for the July 1932 election and managed to gain only one seat. They were eliminated from the Reichstag at the November 1932 election.", "Q218889": "Zolt\u00e1n Lajos Bay (July 24, 1900 in Gyulav\u00e1ri \u2013 October 4, 1992 in Washington, D.C.) was a Hungarian physicist, professor, and engineer who developed technologies, including tungsten lamps and\nmicrowave devices. He was the leader of the second group to observe radar echoes from the Moon (Moonbounce). From 1930, he worked at the University of Szeged as a professor of theoretical physics.\nIn 1923 at Tungsram Ltd., a research laboratory was established for improving light sources, mainly electric bulbs. The head of that laboratory was Ign\u00e1c Pfeifer, whose research staff included Zolt\u00e1n Bay, along with Tivadar Millner, Imre Br\u00f3dy, Gy\u00f6rgy Szigeti, Ern\u0151 Winter, and many others.Gy\u00f6rgy Szigeti worked together with Zolt\u00e1n Bay on metal-vapor lamps and fluorescent light sources. They received a U.S. patent on \"Electroluminescent light sources\" which were made of silicon carbide; these light sources were the ancestors of light-emitting diodes (LEDs).In 1955, Zolt\u00e1n Bay became head of the Department of Nuclear Physics in the National Bureau of Standards (NBS, called today NIST), where he measured the velocity and frequency of light by a previously unknown measurement method. As a result of Bay's research, the 1983 conference of the International Weights and Measures Bureau accepted, as a standard, the definition of a meter (metre)as recommended by Zolt\u00e1n Bay.\nIn 1998, the State of Israel recognized him as among the Righteous Among the Nations and listed his name at Yad Vashem as rescuer number 6497.", "Q84348": "Eberhard Gienger (born 21 July 1951) is a German politician (CDU) and former West German gymnast. He competed at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics, winning bronze in the latter.", "Q21086": "Thomas Wlodarczyk (born March 4, 1974), better known by his stage name Miilkbone, is an American rapper and songwriter.", "Q47465": "Aix-en-Provence (UK: , US: , French: [\u025bks \u0251\u0303 p\u0281\u0254v\u0251\u0303s] (listen); Proven\u00e7al: Ais de Proven\u00e7a in classical norm, or Ais de Prouv\u00e8n\u00e7o in Mistralian norm, pronounced [\u02c8ajz de p\u0280u\u02c8v\u025bns\u0254]; Latin: Aquae Sextiae), or simply Aix (pronounced [\u025bks]; medieval Occitan Aics), is a city and commune in Southern France, about 30 km (19 mi) north of Marseille. A former capital of Provence, it is in the region of Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur, in the department of Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne, of which it is a subprefecture. The population of Aix-en-Provence numbers approximately 143,000. Its inhabitants are called Aixois or, less commonly, Aquisextains.", "Q68486": "Charlotte von Mahlsdorf (18 March 1928 \u2013 30 April 2002) was the founder of the Gr\u00fcnderzeit Museum (a museum of everyday items) in Berlin-Mahlsdorf.", "Q387603": "Tales from the Darkside: The Movie is a 1990 American comedy horror anthology film directed by John Harrison, and based on the anthology television series Tales from the Darkside. The film depicts a kidnapped paperboy who tells three stories of horror to the suburban witch who is preparing to eat him.\nThe film is sometimes said to have been intended as Creepshow 3, a sequel to George A. Romero and Stephen King's popular horror anthologies Creepshow and Creepshow 2. However, this is not supported by any real evidence. Tom Savini has been quoted as saying that this film is the real Creepshow 3, which could be how the rumor started, though he may just have been referring to the similar nature of the movies and the involvement of King and Romero. The story titled \"Cat from Hell\" was originally going to appear in Creepshow 2, but was scrapped due to budgetary reasons.", "Q283317": "Chiara Charlotte Mastroianni (born 28 May 1972) is a French actress and singer. She is the daughter of Marcello Mastroianni and Catherine Deneuve.", "Q269916": "Miri Ben-Ari (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d1\u05df-\u05d0\u05e8\u05d9\u200e; born December 4, 1978) is an Israeli-American violinist. She lives in New Jersey.", "Q57676": "Hans Otto Georg Hermann Fegelein (30 October 1906 \u2013 28 April 1945) was a high-ranking commander in the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany. He was a member of Adolf Hitler's entourage and brother-in-law to Eva Braun through his marriage to her sister Gretl.\nFegelein joined a cavalry regiment of the Reichswehr in 1925 and transferred to the SS on 10 April 1933. He became a leader of an SS equestrian group, and was in charge of preparation for the equestrian events of the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936. He tried out for the Olympic equestrian team himself but was eliminated in the qualifying rounds.\nIn September 1939, after the Invasion of Poland, Fegelein commanded the SS Totenkopf Reiterstandarte (Death's-Head Horse Regiment). They were garrisoned in Warsaw until December. In May and June 1940, he participated in the Battle of Belgium and France as a member of the SS-Verf\u00fcgungstruppe (later renamed the Waffen-SS). For his service in these campaigns he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class on 15 December 1940. Units under his command on the Eastern Front in 1941 were responsible for the deaths of over 17,000 civilians during the Pripyat swamps punitive operation in the Byelorussian SSR. As commander of the 8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer in 1943, he was involved in operations against partisans as well as defensive operations against the Red Army, for which he was awarded the Close Combat Clasp in bronze.\nAfter being seriously wounded in September 1943, Fegelein was reassigned by Heinrich Himmler to Hitler's headquarters staff as his liaison officer and representative of the SS. Fegelein was present at the failed attempt on Hitler's life on 20 July 1944. He was on duty at Hitler's F\u00fchrerbunker in Berlin in the closing months of the war, and was shot for desertion on 28 April 1945, two days before Hitler's suicide. Fegelein was an opportunist who ingratiated himself with Himmler, who granted him the best assignments and rapid promotions. Historians William L. Shirer and Ian Kershaw characterise him as cynical and disreputable. Albert Speer called him \"one of the most disgusting people in Hitler's circle\".\n\n", "Q697195": "Julius Edgar Lilienfeld (April 18, 1882 \u2013 August 28, 1963) an Austro-Hungarian, and later American (where he moved in 1921) physicist and electrical engineer, credited with the first patents on the field-effect transistor (FET) (1925) and electrolytic capacitor (1931). Because of his failure to publish articles in learned journals and because high-purity semiconductor materials were not available yet, his FET patent never achieved fame, causing confusion for later inventors.", "Q549137": "Jeroen Van Herzeele (born September 13, 1965) is a Belgian jazz saxophonist. He was born in Zottegem. He plays in various bands such as Greetings From Mercury, Maak's Spirit, Octurn, Tomas and Co, Ivan Paduart etc... He won the Belgian Golden Django in 1999 for best Flemish artist.", "Q199491": "Pope John IV (Latin: Ioannes IV; died 12 October 642) was the bishop of Rome from 24 December 640 to his death. His election followed a four-month vacancy. He wrote to the clergy of Ireland and Scotland to tell them of the mistakes they were making with regard to the time of keeping Easter and condemned Monothelism as heresy.", "Q4885209": "Mahaboob Ben Ali (13 June 1927 \u2013 7 October 2009), known as Ben Ali, was an Indo-Trinidadian American businessman and restaurateur. Ali co-founded Ben's Chili Bowl with his wife Virginia Ali, a landmark restaurant located on U Street in Washington D.C., with his wife, Virginia Ali, in 1958. Ben's Chili Bowl has since attracted presidents, celebrities and politicians.", "Q500251": "A ship-owner is the owner of a merchant vessel (commercial ship) and is involved in the shipping industry. In the commercial sense of the term, a shipowner is someone who equips and exploits a ship, usually for delivering cargo at a certain freight rate, either as a per freight rate (given price for the transport of a certain cargo between two given ports) or based on hire (a rate per day). Shipowners typically hire a licensed crew and captain rather than take charge of the vessel in person. Usually the shipowner is organized through a company, but also people and investment funds can be ship owners. If owned by a ship company, the shipowner usually performs technical management of the vessel through the company, though this can also be outsourced or relayed onto the shipper through bareboat charter.Shipowners are usually members of a national Chamber of Shipping such as the UK Chamber of Shipping. The International Chamber of Shipping is the global organisation for shipowners and their respective national chambers, representing approximately 80% of the entire world shipping tonnage.", "Q1971542": "Ryoji Ikeda (\u6c60\u7530 \u4eae\u53f8 Ikeda Ry\u014dji, born 1966) is a Japanese visual and sound artist who lives and works in Paris. Ikeda's music is concerned primarily with sound in a variety of \"raw\" states, such as sine tones and noise, often using frequencies at the edges of the range of human hearing. The conclusion of his album +/- features just such a tone; of it, Ikeda says \"a high frequency sound is used that the listener becomes aware of only upon its disappearance\" (from the CD booklet). Rhythmically, Ikeda's music is highly imaginative, exploiting beat patterns and, at times, using a variety of discrete tones and noise to create the semblance of a drum machine. His work also encroaches on the world of ambient music; many tracks on his albums are concerned with slowly evolving soundscapes, with little or no sense of pulse.\nRyoji Ikeda was born in Gifu, Japan in 1966.In addition to working as a solo artist, he has also collaborated with, among others, Carsten Nicolai (under the name \"Cyclo.\") and the art collective Dumb Type. His work matrix won the Golden Nica Award in 2001.In 2004, the dormant Saarinen-designed TWA Flight Center (now Jetblue Terminal 5) at JFK Airport briefly hosted an art exhibition called Terminal 5 curated by Rachel K. Ward and featuring the work of 18 artists including Ikeda. The show featured work, lectures and temporary installations drawing inspiration from the idea of travel \u2014 and the terminal's architecture. The show was to run from October 1, 2004 to January 31, 2005 \u2014 though it closed abruptly after the building itself was vandalized during the opening party.In May \u2013 June 2011 a presentation of three of the artist's immersive audio/visual projects, The Transfinite, was exhibited at the Park Avenue Armory.In 2014, Ikeda was awarded the Prix Ars Electronica Collide@CERN 2014. As a result, he began his residency at CERN in July 2014 until 2015, during which he developed supersymmetry and micro | macro.", "Q95523": "Inka Parei (born 1967 in Frankfurt) is a German writer who lives in Berlin. She studied sociology, political science, sinology and German studies. Parei won the 2003 Ingeborg Bachmann Prize for excerpts from her book Was Dunkelheit war.", "Q164534": "Peter Greene (born Peter Green; October 8, 1965) is an American character actor, generally known for playing villains.", "Q686098": "The Union of Right Forces political party, or SPS (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0301\u0437 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0421\u0438\u043b, \u0421\u041f\u0421/Soyuz Pravykh Sil), is a Russia political public organization and former party, initially founded as an electoral bloc in 1999 and associated with free market reforms, privatization, and the legacy of the \"young reformers\" of the 1990s: Anatoly Chubais, Boris Nemtsov, and Yegor Gaidar. The party was officially self-dissolved in 2008. Nikita Belykh was the party's last leader from 2005 to 2008.\nIn 2011, the SPS was refounded by some of its former members as the Union of Right Forces Movement. In 2012, it was registered as a political public organization, a type of NGO. In Russia, participation in elections require being accepted into the list of political parties controlled by the Ministry of Justice. The current leader of the SPS is Leonid Gozman.\nBoth the former SPS and the refounded SPS were accepted as an associate member of the International Democrat Union.", "Q27820706": "Momoland (Korean: \ubaa8\ubaa8\ub79c\ub4dc) is a South Korean girl group formed by MLD Entertainment (formerly known as Duble Kick Company) through the 2016 reality show Finding Momoland. The show winners became the seven members Hyebin, Yeonwoo, Jane, Nayun, JooE, Ahin, and Nancy, and they debuted on November 10, 2016, with the EP Welcome to Momoland. In 2017, Momoland added two new members, Daisy and Taeha. In 2019, Taeha and Yeonwoo left the group.\n\n", "Q113964": "Ruth Asp\u00f6ck (born February 7, 1947 in Salzburg) is an Austrian writer who lives in Vienna.", "Q374953": "Lucien Servanty (born in 1909 in Paris, died 7 October 1973 in Toulouse) was a French aeronautical engineer. A graduate from the Ecole des Arts et M\u00e9tiers, he joined Breguet in 1937, then worked at the SNCASO, where he was involved in the redesign of late variants of the Bloch MB.150 line. During World War II, he designed the SO.6000 Triton, France's first jet aircraft. But Lucien Servanty is probably best remembered today for being one of the main engineers behind Concorde (fastest general, public usage plane ever produced).", "Q6496091": "Latifa bint Abdulaziz is a member of the House of Saud. Her mother was Hassa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi, a member of the Al Sudairi family that is one of the most powerful families in Nejd. Her father was King Abdulaziz. She was one of their eleven children together, a full-sister of the Sudairi Seven, and sister to Kings Fahd and Salman. Latifa patronised universities.\n\n", "Q17252": "Tibet ( (listen); Tibetan: \u0f56\u0f7c\u0f51\u0f0b, Lhasa dialect: [/p\u02b0\u00f8\u02d0\u02e8\u02e7\u02e9/]; Chinese: \u897f\u85cf; pinyin: X\u012bz\u00e0ng;Sanskrit :\u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924) is a region in Asia covering much of the Tibetan Plateau. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Tamang, Qiang, Sherpa, and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and Hui people. Tibet is the highest region on Earth, with an average elevation of 5,000 m (16,000 ft). The highest elevation in Tibet is Mount Everest, Earth's highest mountain, rising 8,848 m (29,029 ft) above sea level.\nThe Tibetan Empire emerged in the 7th century, but with the fall of the empire the region soon divided into a variety of territories. The bulk of western and central Tibet (\u00dc-Tsang) was often at least nominally unified under a series of Tibetan governments in Lhasa, Shigatse, or nearby locations. The eastern regions of Kham and Amdo often maintained a more decentralized indigenous political structure, being divided among a number of small principalities and tribal groups, while also often falling more directly under Chinese rule after the Battle of Chamdo; most of this area was eventually incorporated into the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Qinghai. The current borders of Tibet were generally established in the 18th century.Following the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty in 1912, Qing soldiers were disarmed and escorted out of Tibet Area (\u00dc-Tsang). The region subsequently declared its independence in 1913 without recognition by the subsequent Chinese Republican government. Later, Lhasa took control of the western part of Xikang, China. The region maintained its autonomy until 1951 when, following the Battle of Chamdo, Tibet became incorporated into the People's Republic of China, and the previous Tibetan government was abolished in 1959 after a failed uprising. Today, China governs western and central Tibet as the Tibet Autonomous Region while the eastern areas are now mostly ethnic autonomous prefectures within Sichuan, Qinghai and other neighbouring provinces. There are tensions regarding Tibet's political status and dissident groups that are active in exile.\nTibetan activists in Tibet have reportedly been arrested or tortured.The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture, though tourism has become a growing industry in recent decades. The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is B\u00f6n, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities. Tibetan Buddhism is a primary influence on the art, music, and festivals of the region. Tibetan architecture reflects Chinese and Indian influences. Staple foods in Tibet are roasted barley, yak meat, and butter tea.", "Q45272": "Peter Turrini (born 26 September 1944 in Wolfsberg, Carinthia) is an Austrian playwright known for his socio-critical work and earlier folk-dramas.\nBorn in Carinthia, Turrini has been writing since 1971, when his play Rozznjogd premiered at the Volkstheater, Vienna. A versatile author, he has written plays, screenplays, poems, and essays. Rather than presenting an authentic picture of reality, in Turrini's understanding it is the function of the theatre to exaggerate and, by doing so, to raise the consciousness of the public.\nHe lives in Vienna and Retz, Lower Austria.", "Q81556": "The Homeland Union \u2013 Lithuanian Christian Democrats (Lithuanian: T\u0117vyn\u0117s s\u0105junga \u2013 Lietuvos krik\u0161\u010dionys demokratai, TS-LKD) is a centre-right political party in Lithuania. It has 18,000 members and 30 of 141 seats in the Seimas.\nIt is the main centre-right party, with a particularly liberal-conservative and Christian-democratic, but also nationalist oriented and economically liberal, ideology. Its current leader is Gabrielius Landsbergis who replaced Andrius Kubilius in 2014. It is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and the International Democrat Union (IDU).", "Q73918": "Gunther O. Hofmann (born 22 May 1957 in Landshut, Bavaria) is a German surgeon, biophysicist, and professor.", "Q503758": "Andr\u00e9 Chaumeix (6 June 1874, Chamali\u00e8res, Puy-de-D\u00f4me \u2013 23 February 1955) was a French academician, journalist, and literary critic. He was the fourteenth member elected to occupy seat 3 of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1930.", "Q193802": "Oujda or Wejda (Berber: Wejda, \u2d61\u2d3b\u2d4a\u2d38\u2d30; Arabic: \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0629\u200e) is a major Moroccan city in its northeast near the border with Algeria.\nWejda is the capital city of the Oriental region of northeastern Morocco and has a population of about 500,000 people. It is located about 15 kilometres (9 miles) west of the Moroccan-Algerian border and about 55 km (34 miles) south of the Mediterranean Sea coast.", "Q329498": "Corneli(u)s Rudolphus Theodorus, Baron Krayenhoff (Nijmegen, 2 June 1758 \u2013 Nijmegen, 24 November 1840) was a physicist, artist, general, hydraulic engineer, cartographer and - against his will and for only a short time - Dutch Minister of War.", "Q3133004": "Major-General Sir Henry Mill Pellatt, CVO (January 6, 1859 \u2013 March 8, 1939) was a Canadian financier and soldier.He is notable for his role in bringing hydro-electricity to Toronto, Ontario, for the first time, and also for his large ch\u00e2teau in Toronto, called Casa Loma, which was the biggest private residence ever constructed in Canada. Casa Loma would eventually become a well-known landmark of the city. His summer home and farm in King City later became Marylake Augustinian Monastery.\nPellatt was also a noted supporter of the Boy Scouts of Canada. His first wife, Mary, was the first Chief Commissioner of the Girl Guides of Canada.\n\n", "Q1675301": "Albert Wahl Hawkes (November 20, 1878 \u2013 May 9, 1971) was a United States Senator from New Jersey.", "Q98007": "Johanna T\u00f6pfer, n\u00e9e Schrocko (3 April 1929 \u2013 7 January 1990), was an East German politician and Deputy Director of the FDGB.", "Q610944": "Ant\u00f3nio Gomes Leal was a Portuguese poet.\n\n", "Q24840": "Jagna Kinga Marczu\u0142ajtis-Walczak (born 15 December 1978 in Zakopane) is a Polish politician and former snowboarder who competed in parallel slalom and parallel giant slalom. Since November 2011, she has been a member of the Polish Sejm.\nMarczu\u0142ajtis' best finishes in the World Cup in parallel slalom are two 1st places: in January 2006 in Nendaz and in January 2004 in Bad Gastein. She competed for Poland in three Olympic Games: Nagano 1998, Salt Lake City 2002 (where she placed 4th), and Turin 2006.She is also a 14-time Champion of Poland (including currently, in 2006), a one-time European Champion and a one-time European Championships Runner-up. She has won a medal at the World Championships. She is also a two-time World Junior Champion.\nMarczu\u0142ajtis is the former wife of fellow Polish Olympian, ice dancer Sebastian Kolasi\u0144ski. She was born and lives in Zakopane, Poland with her two daughters, Jagoda Olimpia (born in 2002), and Iga (born in 2008).\nShe chaired the committee organising the Krak\u00f3w bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics, but resigned from this position in April 2014.", "Q318651": "Mr. & Mrs. Smith is a 1941 American screwball comedy film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, written by Norman Krasna, and starring Carole Lombard and Robert Montgomery. It also features Gene Raymond, Jack Carson, Philip Merivale, and Lucile Watson.\nWhile Hitchcock later claimed he directed the film\u2014the only pure comedy he made in America\u2014as a favor to Lombard, the files at RKO Radio Pictures show that Hitchcock himself pursued the project.", "Q1271": "Trygve Halvdan Lie (; Norwegian: [\u02cctr\u028f\u0261v\u0259 \u02c8li\u02d0] (listen); 16 July 1896 \u2013 30 December 1968) was a Norwegian politician, labour leader, government official and author. He served as Norwegian foreign minister during the critical years of the Norwegian government in exile in London from 1940 to 1945. From 1946 to 1952 he was the first Secretary-General of the United Nations. Lie earned a reputation as a pragmatic, determined politician.", "Q1546001": "Stax Records is an American record label, originally based in Memphis, Tennessee. Founded in 1957 as Satellite Records, the label changed its name to Stax Records in 1961 and shared its operations with Volt Records, a sister label created to avoid the impression of favoritism among radio stations playing their records.\nStax was influential in the creation of Southern soul and Memphis soul music. Stax also released gospel, funk, and blues recordings. Renowned for its output of blues music, the label was founded by two siblings and business partners, Jim Stewart and his sister Estelle Axton (STewart/AXton = Stax). It featured several popular ethnically integrated bands (including the label's house band, Booker T. & the M.G.'s) and a racially integrated team of staff and artists unprecedented in that time of racial strife and tension in Memphis and the South. According to ethnomusicologist Rob Bowman, the label's use of \"one studio, one equipment set-up, the same set of musicians and a small group of songwriters led to a readily identifiable sound. It was a sound based in black gospel, blues, country, and earlier forms of rhythm and blues. It became known as southern soul music.\"Following the death of Stax's biggest star, Otis Redding, in 1967, and the severance of the label's distribution deal with Atlantic Records in 1968, Stax continued primarily under the supervision of a new co-owner, Al Bell. Over the next five years, Bell expanded the label's operations significantly, in order to compete with Stax's main rival, Motown Records in Detroit. During the mid-1970s, a number of factors, including a problematic distribution deal with CBS Records, caused the label to slide into insolvency, resulting in its forced closure in late 1975.In 1977, Fantasy Records acquired the post-1968 Stax catalogue and selected pre-1968 recordings. Beginning in 1978, Stax (now owned by Fantasy) began signing new acts and issuing new material, as well as reissuing previously recorded Stax material. However, by the early 1980s, no new material was being issued on the label, and for the next two decades, Stax was strictly a reissue label.\nAfter Concord Records acquired Fantasy in 2004, the Stax label was reactivated, and is today used to issue both the 1968\u20131975 catalog material and new recordings by current R&B and soul performers. Atlantic Records continues to hold the rights to the vast majority of the 1959\u20131968 Stax material.", "Q13020": "Tivadar Soros (Esperanto: Teodoro \u015cvarc; born Theodor Schwarz; 7 April 1893 \u2013 22 February 1968) was a Hungarian lawyer, author and editor. He is best known for being the father of billionaire George Soros, and engineer Paul Soros.\nSoros fought in World War I and spent years in a prison camp in Siberia before escaping. He founded the Esperanto literary magazine Literatura Mondo (Literary World) in 1922 and edited it until 1924. He wrote the short novel Modernaj Robinzonoj (Modern Robinsons) (1923), and Maskerado \u0109irka\u016d la morto (Masquerade (dance) around death), published 1965, an autobiographical novel about his experience during the Nazi occupation of Budapest, Hungary. Maskerado has been translated into English, Russian, German, Turkish, and Hungarian.", "Q129420": "Maria Gorczy\u0144ska (27 January 1899 \u2013 23 June 1959) was a Polish stage and film actress. She appeared in fifteen films between 1924 and 1952.", "Q224802": "Moscow Power Engineering Institute (National Research University) is one of the largest institutions of its kind, and is one of the leading technical universities in the world in the area of power engineering, electronics and IT. It is located in Moscow, Russia, and was founded in 1930. In Russian Federation the education in universities is available in Russian medium only. Therefore, before the main education courses would start, the foreign applicants to university courses should pass the Preliminary course for training in Russian language, followed by the State Test in Russian language (called Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language \u2013 TORFL). Fifteen years ago MPEI (as one of few such Russian universities) launched the program of education for foreign students in English medium, however in only one specialty \u2013 Computer Engineering. MPEI invested considerate time and resources into this program, they selected a group of leading professors who spoke English fluently, who in turn prepared the educational materials in English. Now MPEI accepts annually one full group of foreign students who speak English fluently for this IT educational program in English Language. All classes here are provided in English, hence the students in this program do not require the preliminary training in Russian language, i.e. the educational period becomes one year shorter. The annual tuition fee for this program however is more expensive, since this program is conducted in English, unlike the rest of the programs.", "Q1738567": "Kemptner Kopf is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany.", "Q14997": "Achille Van Acker (8 April 1898 \u2013 10 July 1975) was a Belgian politician who served three terms as Prime Minister of Belgium between 1946 and 1958. A moderate from Flanders, Van Acker was a member of the Belgian Socialist Party (PSB\u2013BSP) and played an important role in the creation of the Belgian welfare state after World War II.\n\n", "Q8533": "Esslingen is a Landkreis (district) in the centre of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Rems-Murr, G\u00f6ppingen, Reutlingen, B\u00f6blingen and the district-free city Stuttgart.\nUntil 15 October 1964 the district's name was written officially as Landkreis E\u00dflingen.", "Q91989": "Therese Albertine Luise von Jakob Robinson (26 January 1797 \u2013 13 April 1870) was a German-American author, linguist and translator, and second wife of biblical scholar Edward Robinson. She published under the pseudonym Talvj, an acronym derived from the initials of her birth name.\nThe author wrote a brief autobiographical preface in the Brockhausischen Conversations-Lexikon (1840). For a complete English biography of her life and work, see Irma Elizabeth Voigt (1913).", "Q367085": "Richard LeParmentier (July 16, 1946 \u2013 April 15, 2013) was an American actor who worked primarily and lived in the United Kingdom, best known for his role as Admiral Motti in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977) and the acerbic police Lt. Santino in Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988).", "Q348066": "Jack O'Connell (born August 1, 1990) is an English actor. Born and raised in Derby, he trained in acting at the Central Junior Television Workshop in nearby Nottingham, which led to roles in film, television, and theatre. His film debut as a teenaged skinhead, in the coming-of-age drama This Is England (2006), heralded his propensity for playing angry, troubled youth.\nO'Connell first found fame as the hard-living James Cook on the E4 teen series Skins (2009\u20132010), which was followed by other lead roles in the television dramas Dive (2010) and United (2011). His breakthrough came when he gave critically acclaimed performances in the independent films Starred Up (2013) and '71 (2014). O'Connell subsequently starred as war hero Louis Zamperini in his first major Hollywood picture, Angelina Jolie's Unbroken (2014), for which he received the BAFTA Rising Star Award. In 2016, he co-starred with George Clooney and Julia Roberts in Money Monster, a film directed by Jodie Foster. In 2017 he starred alongside Michelle Dockery and Jeff Daniels as outlaw Roy Goode on the Netflix western limited series Godless.", "Q88200": "Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden (23 March 1752 \u2013 3 July 1815) was a German pioneer in mining and metallurgy. He was born in Hamelin in the Electorate of Hanover and died in Schloss Buchwald in Prussian Silesia.", "Q463912": "David Llewellyn Snellgrove (29 June 1920 \u2013 25 March 2016) was a British Tibetologist noted for his pioneering work on Buddhism in Tibet as well as his many travelogues.\n\n", "Q761": "Bia\u0142ystok (UK: , US: , Polish: [bja\u02c8w\u0268st\u0254k] (listen); Belarusian: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a, romanized: Bielastok, pronounced [b\u02b2e\u026b\u032a\u00e4\u02c8s\u032at\u032a\u0254k]; Lithuanian: Balstog\u0117) is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Bia\u0142ystok is the tenth-largest city in Poland, second in terms of population density, and thirteenth in area.\nBia\u0142ystok is located in the Bia\u0142ystok Uplands of the Podlaskie Plain on the banks of the Bia\u0142a River. It has historically attracted migrants from elsewhere in Poland and beyond, particularly from Central and Eastern Europe. This is facilitated by the nearby border with Belarus also being the eastern border of the European Union, as well as the Schengen Area. The city and its adjacent municipalities constitute Metropolitan Bia\u0142ystok. The city has a warm summer continental climate, characterized by warm summers and long frosty winters. Forests are an important part of Bia\u0142ystok's character, and occupy around 1,756 ha (4,340 acres) (17.2% of the administrative area of the city) which places it as the fifth-most forested city in Poland.\nThe first settlers arrived in the 14th century. A town grew up and received its municipal charter in 1692. Bia\u0142ystok has traditionally been one of the leading centers of academic, cultural, and artistic life in Podlachia and the most important economic center in northeastern Poland. Bia\u0142ystok was once an important center for light industry, which was the reason for the substantial growth of the city's population. The city continues to reshape itself into a modern middle-sized city. Bia\u0142ystok, in 2010, was on the short-list, but ultimately lost the competition, to become a finalist for European Capital of Culture in 2016.", "Q68492": "Yvonand is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois (former Yverdon) of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.\nLocated on the southwestern shore of Lake Neuch\u00e2tel the village has a population of almost 2,500 which may rise to 7,000 in summer, due to the popularity of the sandy beaches, which gently shelve into the lake.", "Q1150494": "New Japan Pro-Wrestling Co., Ltd. (\u65b0\u65e5\u672c\u30d7\u30ed\u30ec\u30b9\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e, Shin Nihon Puroresuringu Kabushiki-kaisha) (NJPW) is a Japanese professional wrestling promotion based in Nakano, Tokyo. Founded in January 1972 by Antonio Inoki, the promotion was sold to Yuke's, who later sold it to Bushiroad in 2012. TV Asahi and Amuse, Inc. own minority shares of the company. Naoki Sugabayashi has served as the promotion's Chairman since September 2013, while Harold Meij has served as the President of the promotion since May 2018.Owing to its TV program aired on TV Asahi, NJPW is the largest professional wrestling promotion in Japan. It was affiliated with the National Wrestling Alliance at various points in its history. NJPW has had agreements with various MMA and professional wrestling promotions around the world, including WWE, World Championship Wrestling, American Wrestling Association, World Class Championship Wrestling, Impact Wrestling, WAR, UWFi, Ring of Honor, Pride Fighting Championships, and Jersey All Pro Wrestling. NJPW's biggest event is the January 4 Tokyo Dome Show, held each year since 1992 and currently promoted under the Wrestle Kingdom banner.\nThe promotion is currently owned by Japanese card game company Bushiroad, which parlayed its entry to the world of professional wrestling into a best-selling trading card game, King of Pro Wrestling, and appearances from NJPW stars in its various franchises.", "Q283303": "Dirigible is a 1931 American pre-Code adventure film directed by Frank Capra for Columbia Pictures and starring Jack Holt, Ralph Graves and Fay Wray. The picture focuses on the competition between naval fixed-wing and airship pilots to reach the South Pole by air.\nThe female lead is played to Fay Wray. The action scenes feature the stars Jack Holt and Ralph Graves, who also played fliers two years earlier in Capra's 1929 airborne adventure Flight. This film had been intended to emulate the success of Wings (1927), another production with a similar plot. Dirigible was characterized as \"marginally science fictional\" by scifilm.org. (Capra later planned to make a fully science fictional movie but was never able to.)", "Q11637": "Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10, 1922 \u2013 June 22, 1969) was an American actress, singer, and dancer. During a career that spanned 45 years, she attained international stardom as an actress in both musical and dramatic roles, as a recording artist, and on the concert stage. Respected for her versatility, she received an Academy Juvenile Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Special Tony Award, and was the first woman to win the Grammy Award for Album of the Year for her 1961 live recording Judy at Carnegie Hall.\nGarland began performing in vaudeville as a child with her two older sisters and was later signed to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a teenager. She appeared in more than two dozen films for MGM and is best remembered for her portrayal of Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz (1939). Garland was a frequent on-screen partner of both Mickey Rooney and Gene Kelly and regularly collaborated with director and second husband Vincente Minnelli. Other notable film appearances during this period include roles in Meet Me in St. Louis (1944), The Harvey Girls (1946), Easter Parade (1948), and Summer Stock (1950). Garland was released from MGM in 1950, after 15 years with the studio, amid a series of personal struggles that prevented her from fulfilling the terms of her contract.\nAlthough her film career became intermittent thereafter, two of Garland's most critically acclaimed performances came later in her career: she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in A Star Is Born (1954) and a nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Judgment at Nuremberg (1961). She also made record-breaking concert appearances, released eight studio albums, and hosted her own Emmy-nominated television series, The Judy Garland Show (1963\u20131964). At age 39, Garland became the youngest and first female recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievement in the film industry. In 1997, Garland was posthumously awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Several of her recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and in 1999, the American Film Institute placed her among the 10 greatest female stars of classic American cinema.Garland struggled in her personal life from an early age. The pressures of early stardom affected her physical and mental health from the time she was a teenager; her self-image was influenced and constantly criticized by film executives who believed that she was physically unattractive and who manipulated her onscreen physical appearance. Throughout her adulthood she was plagued by alcohol and substance use disorder as well as financial instability, often owing hundreds of thousands of dollars in back taxes. Her lifelong struggle with substance use disorder ultimately led to her death in London from an accidental barbiturate overdose at age 47.", "Q380178": "Harry Charles Salusbury Lloyd (born 17 November 1983) is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Will Scarlet in the 2006 BBC drama Robin Hood, Jeremy Baines in the 2007 Doctor Who episodes \"Human Nature\" and \"The Family of Blood\", Viserys Targaryen in the first season of the HBO series Game of Thrones, and Peter Quayle in the series Counterpart. He has also appeared on stage, and in films including The Theory of Everything and Anthropoid.", "Q69954": "Flums is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.\nIt is close to a large shopping complex and also is the gateway to a large skiing resort called Flumserberg.", "Q201472": "Elena Sergeevna Ventsel (maiden name Dolgintsova, 21 March 1907, Reval - 15 April 2002, Moscow), known by the pen name Irina Grekova (often shortened to I. Grekova), was a Russian writer. She was also a PhD in mathematics, and wrote a book on probability theory.", "Q124104": "J\u00fcrgen Graf (born 15 August 1951) is a Swiss author, former teacher and Holocaust denier. Since August 2000 he has been living in exile, and is currently living in Russia, working as a translator, with his wife.\n\n", "Q737445": "Edward Willis Levert (born June 16, 1942) is an American singer\u2013songwriter and actor. Levert is best known as the lead vocalist of the group, The O'Jays.", "Q973150": "Mandopop refers to Mandarin popular music. The genre has its origin in the jazz-influenced popular music of the 1930s Shanghai known as Shidaiqu, later influences came from Japanese enka, Hong Kong's Cantopop, and Taiwan's Hokkien pop \u2014 in particular the Campus Song folk movement of the 1970s. In contemporary times, it has become strongly influenced by K-pop. 'Mandopop' may be used as a general term to describe popular songs performed in Mandarin. The English term was coined around 1980 soon after \"Cantopop\" became a popular term for describing popular songs in Cantonese; \"Mandopop\" was used to describe Mandarin-language popular songs of that time, some of which were versions of Cantopop songs sung by the same singers with different lyrics to suit the different rhyme and tonal patterns of Mandarin.Mandopop is categorized as a subgenre of commercial Chinese-language music within C-pop. Popular music sung in Mandarin was the first variety of popular music in Chinese to establish itself as a viable industry. It originated in Shanghai, and later Hong Kong, Taipei and Beijing also emerged as important centers of the Mandopop music industry. Among the countries where Mandopop is most popular are mainland China, Macau, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam and Japan.", "Q3772571": "The Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) is a financial institution that helps Caribbean nations finance social and economic programs in its member countries. CDB was established by an Agreement signed on October 18, 1969, in Kingston, Jamaica, and entered into force on January 26, 1970. The permanent headquarters of the bank is located at Wildey, St. Michael, Barbados; adjacent to the campus of the Samuel Jackman Prescod Polytechnic. There are no other offices of the bank. The headquarters serves all of the regional borrowing member countries with staff recruited from its members.\nCDB's membership of 27 countries consists of 19 regional borrowing members, three regional non-borrowing members and five members from outside the Region.\nAs of December 31, 2014, CDB recorded total assets of US$2.61 billion (this includes US$1.38 billion of ordinary Capital resources and US$1.23 billion of Special Funds Resources). CDB has an \u201cAa1\u201d with stable outlook rating with Moody's Rating Agency, and an \u201cAA/A-1+\u201d with stable outlook rating with Standard and Poor's Rating Agency. In 2014, the Bank approved loans and grants of US$269.5 million.\nAt the end of 2014, the bank had total equity of US$822 million.", "Q7313843": "Ren\u00e9e Green (born 1959) is an American artist, writer, and filmmaker. Her pluralistic practice spans a broad range of media including sculpture, architecture, photography, prints, video, film, websites, and sound, which normally converge in highly layered and complex installations. She works to draw on cultural anthropology as well as social history, making her works well-researched and many times involving collaborators. Some of the topics she has covered include Sarah Baartman, the African slave trade, and hip hop in Germany. \nIn 2014, Green published Other Planes of There: Selected Writings with Duke University Press, a work that compiles a substantial collection of her work written between 1981 and 2010.", "Q60970": "Anastasios \"Sakis\" Rouvas (Greek: \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \"\u03a3\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2\" \u03a1\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03ac\u03c2, pronounced [\u02c8sacis ru\u02c8vas]; born 5 January 1972), known mononymously as Sakis, is a Greek recording artist; model; film and television actor; businessman and former pole vaulter. Born in Corfu, he won medals on the national athletics team during the 1980s. Rouvas began a musical career in 1991 as one of Greece's first dance-pop performers. His tenor vocals, complex choreography, costumes, and technological advancements have been credited with transforming music videos and live performances. Rouvas is noted for avoiding domestic music, attaining success for a non-la\u00efko or -\u00e9ntekhno artist, and for breaking cultural, social, artistic, and generational barriers in Greece and Cyprus.\nDuring the early 1990s, Rouvas signed with PolyGram Records and won the Thessaloniki Song Festival. Despite five commercially successful albums, his personal life (including his military service and 1997 Greek-Turkish peace concert, which damaged his public image) has been publicized. Rouvas signed with Minos EMI in 1997, returning to the charts with Kati Apo Mena (1998) and 21os Akatallilos (2000) and ending his 14-year collaboration with manager Ilias Psinakis. One of the few Greek entertainers to gain recognition abroad, he has been popular in the Balkans since the 1990s. By the 2010s, Rouvas had expanded his career to film, television, theatre and fashion. His single \"Shake It\" is the all-time bestselling single in Greece; his songs and videos, such as \"1992\", \"Aima, Dakrya & Idrotas\", \"Ela Mou\", \"Xana\", \"Tora Arhizoun Ta Dyskola\", \"Den Ehei Sidera I Kardia Sou\", \"Ypirhes Panta\", \"Antexa\", \"Se Thelo San Trelos\" and \"+ Se Thelo\", have topped the popular Greek charts.\nSince 2003 Rouvas has been in a relationship with model Katia Zygouli, with whom he has four children. He is involved in social issues, and has been praised for his dedication to philanthropic organizations.\nRouvas has won six Arion Music Awards, 15 Pop Corn Music Awards, 22 MAD Video Music Awards, four Status Man of the Year Awards, an MTV Europe Music Award and a World Music Award. Several number-one albums and singles which have been certified gold or higher have made him one of Greece's most popular musical artists. Known for his independence, Rouvas' musical, fashion and performance styles have influenced other artists for over two decades. In 2009 Down Town named him its \"Entertainer of the Decade\"; in 2010, Forbes listed him as the third-most-influential celebrity in Greece and the country's top-ranked singer.", "Q295207": "Joel T. Schumacher (; born August 29, 1939) is an American filmmaker. Schumacher rose to fame after directing three hit films: St. Elmo's Fire (1985), The Lost Boys (1987), and Flatliners (1990). He later went on to direct the John Grisham adaptations The Client (1994) and A Time to Kill (1996). His films Falling Down (1993) and 8mm (1999) competed for Palme d'Or and Golden Bear, respectively.\nIn 1993, he signed on to direct the next installments of the Batman film series. The Schumacher-directed Batman films Batman Forever (1995) and Batman & Robin (1997) received mixed-to-negative reactions from both critics and the public. After the Batman films, Schumacher pulled back from blockbusters and returned to making minimalist films such as Tigerland (2000) and Phone Booth (2002), both earning positive reviews. He also directed The Phantom of the Opera (2004), The Number 23 (2007), and two episodes of House of Cards.\nKnown for casting young actors, Schumacher helped actors like Colin Farrell, Kiefer Sutherland, and Matthew McConaughey to launch careers.\n\n", "Q51575": "John Marcellus Huston (; August 5, 1906 \u2013 August 28, 1987) was an American film director, screenwriter, actor, and visual artist. Huston was a citizen of the United States by birth but renounced U.S. citizenship to become an Irish citizen and resident in 1964. He later returned to the United States, where he lived the rest of his life. He wrote the screenplays for most of the 37 feature films he directed, many of which are today considered classics: The Maltese Falcon (1941), The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948), The Asphalt Jungle (1950), The African Queen (1951), The Misfits (1961), Fat City (1972), The Man Who Would Be King (1975) and Prizzi's Honor (1985). During his 46-year career, Huston received 15 Oscar nominations, winning twice. He directed both his father, Walter Huston, and daughter, Anjelica Huston, to Oscar wins.\nIn his early years, Huston studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris. He explored the visual aspects of his films throughout his career, sketching each scene on paper beforehand, then carefully framing his characters during the shooting. While most directors rely on post-production editing to shape their final work, Huston instead created his films while they were being shot, with little editing needed.\nSome of Huston's films were adaptations of important novels, often depicting an \"heroic quest,\" as in Moby Dick, or The Red Badge of Courage. In many films, different groups of people, while struggling toward a common goal, would become doomed, forming \"destructive alliances,\" giving the films a dramatic and visual tension. Many of his films involved themes such as religion, meaning, truth, freedom, psychology, colonialism, and war.\nHuston has been referred to as \"a titan\", \"a rebel\", and a \"renaissance man\" in the Hollywood film industry. Author Ian Freer describes him as \"cinema's Ernest Hemingway\"\u2014a filmmaker who was \"never afraid to tackle tough issues head on.\"\n\n", "Q41766": "Ctesibius or Ktesibios or Tesibius (Greek: \u039a\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2; fl. 285\u2013222 BCE) was a Greek inventor and mathematician in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt. He wrote the first treatises on the science of compressed air and its uses in pumps (and even in a kind of cannon). This, in combination with his work on the elasticity of air On pneumatics, earned him the title of \"father of pneumatics.\" None of his written work has survived, including his Memorabilia, a compilation of his research that was cited by Athenaeus. Ctesibius' most commonly known invention today is a pipe organ (hydraulis), on which the invention of the piano was later based.", "Q577973": "Harvey is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States, and a south suburb of Chicago. The population was 25,282 at the 2010 census. The city suffers from high levels of unemployment (22.0%), poverty (33.2%), and crime.Harvey is bordered by the villages of Dixmoor and Riverdale to the north; Dolton, Phoenix, and South Holland to the east; East Hazel Crest to the south; and Hazel Crest, Markham and Posen to the west.", "Q26": "Northern Ireland (Irish: Tuaisceart \u00c9ireann [\u02c8t\u032a\u02e0u\u0259\u0283c\u0259\u027e\u02e0t\u032a\u02e0 \u02c8e\u02d0\u027e\u02b2\u0259n\u032a\u02e0] (listen); Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann) is variously described as a country, province or region which is part of the United Kingdom. Located in the northeast of the island of Ireland, Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2011, its population was 1,810,863, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the UK's population. Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement, the Northern Ireland Assembly (colloquially referred to as Stormont after its location) holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the British government. Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in several areas, and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to \"put forward views and proposals\" with \"determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments\".On 11 January 2020, legislators in Northern Ireland formed a government for the first time since the Executive of the 5th Northern Ireland Assembly collapsed in January 2017, following the Renewable Heat Incentive scandal.\nNorthern Ireland was created in 1921, when Ireland was partitioned between Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland by the Government of Ireland Act 1920. Unlike Southern Ireland, which would become the Irish Free State in 1922, the majority of Northern Ireland's population were unionists, who wanted to remain within the United Kingdom. Most of these were the Protestant descendants of colonists from Great Britain. However, a significant minority, mostly Catholics, were nationalists who wanted a united Ireland independent of British rule. Today, the former generally see themselves as British and the latter generally see themselves as Irish, while a distinct Northern Irish or Ulster identity is claimed both by a large minority of Catholics and Protestants and by many of those who are non-aligned.For most of the 20th century, when it came into existence, Northern Ireland was marked by discrimination and hostility between these two sides in what First Minister of Northern Ireland, David Trimble, called a \"cold house\" for Catholics. In the late 1960s, conflict between state forces and chiefly Protestant unionists on the one hand, and chiefly Catholic nationalists on the other, erupted into three decades of violence known as the Troubles, which claimed over 3,500 lives and injured over 50,000 others. The 1998 Good Friday Agreement was a major step in the peace process, including the decommissioning of weapons and security normalisation, although sectarianism and religious segregation still remain major social problems, and sporadic violence has continued.Northern Ireland was the most industrialised region of Ireland, declining as a result of the political and social turmoil of the Troubles, but economically growing significantly since the late 1990s. The initial growth came from the \"peace dividend\" and the links which increased trade with the Republic of Ireland, continuing with a significant increase in tourism, investment and business from around the world. Unemployment in Northern Ireland peaked at 17.2% in 1986, dropping to 6.1% for June\u2013August 2014 and down by 1.2 percentage points over the year, similar to the UK figure of 6.2%. 58.2% of those unemployed had been unemployed for over a year.\nCultural links between Northern Ireland, the rest of Ireland, and the rest of the UK are complex, with Northern Ireland sharing both the culture of Ireland and the culture of the United Kingdom. In many sports, the island of Ireland fields a single team, a notable exception being association football. Northern Ireland competes separately at the Commonwealth Games, and people from Northern Ireland may compete for either Great Britain or Ireland at the Olympic Games.", "Q57104": "Corcelles-pr\u00e8s-Payerne is a municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q58237": "Floella Karen Yunies Benjamin, Baroness Benjamin, (born 23 September 1949) is a Trinidadian-British actress, author, television presenter, singer, businesswoman and politician. She is known as presenter of children's programmes such as Play School, Play Away and Fast Forward. On 28 June 2010, Lady Benjamin was introduced to the House of Lords as a life peer nominated by the Liberal Democrats.", "Q93620": "Christopher James Paolini (born November 17, 1983) is an American author. He is best known for The Inheritance Cycle, which consists of the books Eragon, Eldest, Brisingr, Inheritance, and most recently The Fork, the Witch and the Worm. He lives in Paradise Valley, Montana, where he wrote his first book.\n\n", "Q556765": "Jarle Bernhoft (Norwegian pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u0251\u0300\u026d\u0259 \u02c8b\u00e6\u0300\u0273h\u028aft]; born on 21 June 1976), known professionally as Bernhoft (often stylized as Bern/hoft), is a Norwegian singer, multi-instrumentalist, composer and lyricist. Bernhoft is from Nittedal in Norway. He lived in New York City from 2014 until the summer of 2015 but has since moved back to Oslo. His best known songs are \"Streetlights\", \"Shout\" (a Tears for Fears cover), \"Choices\", \"C'mon Talk\" and \"Stay With Me\". He has also been in a number of bands, notably Explicit Lyrics and Span.\nIn June 2014 he appeared for the first time at the Glastonbury Festival and was featured by BBC One in a special performance of his song \"Wind You Up.\"In December 2014, it was announced that his album Islander was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Album for the 2015 Grammy Awards ceremony, held on 8 February 2015. His nomination is remarkable, as he was the first non-American artist to have been nominated in the 20 year-history of this US-dominated category. In a response to his nomination, Bernhoft stated that \"Grammy has spoken. I make R&B music.\"", "Q172424": "Pope Sergius III (c. 860 \u2212 14 April 911) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from 29 January 904 to his death. He was pope during a period of violence and disorder in central Italy, when warring aristocratic factions sought to use the material and military resources of the papacy. Because Sergius III had reputedly ordered the murder of his two immediate predecessors, Leo V and Christopher, and allegedly fathered an illegitimate son who later became pope, John XI, his pontificate has been variously described as \"dismal and disgraceful\", and \"efficient and ruthless\".", "Q97446": "Florian Gerster (born 7 May 1949 in Worms, Germany) is a German politician and former government official.\nAfter his graduation, he served in the military and earned a master's degree in psychology at the University of Mannheim. In 1977, he was elected to the Diet of Rhineland-Palatinate and entered the German Bundestag in 1987, representing Worms. From 1991 onwards, he was appointed Minister for Federal and European Affairs and thereafter Minister of Labor of Rhineland Palatinate. From 2002 until his resignation in 2004, he served as President of the Federal Employment Agency of Germany. Today, Gerster is a senior lecturer at the German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer and works as a freelance management consultant. He is the brother of ZDF heute news speaker Petra Gerster.\n\n", "Q1681294": "James Whitney Dunn (born July 21, 1943) is an American politician and businessman from the Michigan. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1981 to 1983 before unsuccessfully seeking reelection. He ran for the Senate in 1988, but was defeated by Democratic incumbent Donald W. Riegle, Jr.. He sought another term in the U.S. House in 1990, but lost in the Republican primary to Dave Camp.", "Q65808": "Buchberg is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.\nWith R\u00fcdlingen, Buchberg forms an exclave of the Canton of Schaffhausen on the Rhine, bordered by the Canton of Z\u00fcrich and Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.", "Q704931": "Edmund Wilson (May 8, 1895 \u2013 June 12, 1972) was an American writer and literary critic who explored Freudian and Marxist themes. He influenced many American authors, including F. Scott Fitzgerald, whose unfinished work he edited for publication. His scheme for a Library of America series of national classic works came to fruition through the efforts of Jason Epstein after Wilson's death.", "Q844930": "The city of Athens (Ancient Greek: \u1f08\u03b8\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, Ath\u00eanai [a.t\u02b0\u025b\u0302\u02d0.nai\u032f]; Modern Greek: \u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 Athine [a.\u02c8\u03b8i.ne\u031e] or, more commonly and in singular, \u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 Athina [a.'\u03b8i.na]) during the classical period of Ancient Greece (480\u2013323 BC) was the major urban centre of the notable polis (city-state) of the same name, located in Attica, Greece, leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League. Athenian democracy was established in 508 BC under Cleisthenes following the tyranny of Isagoras. This system remained remarkably stable, and with a few brief interruptions remained in place for 180 years, until 322 BC (aftermath of Lamian War). The peak of Athenian hegemony was achieved in the 440s to 430s BC, known as the Age of Pericles. \nIn the classical period, Athens was a centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Akademia and Aristotle's Lyceum, Athens was also the birthplace of Socrates, Plato, Pericles, Aristophanes, Sophocles, and many other prominent philosophers, writers and politicians of the ancient world. It is widely referred to as the cradle of Western Civilization, and the birthplace of democracy, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC on the rest of the then-known European continent.", "Q1229851": "James Glaisher FRS (7 April 1809 \u2013 7 February 1903) was an English meteorologist, aeronaut and astronomer.", "Q253334": "Adrienne Danielle Frantz (born June 7, 1978) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She appeared as Amber Moore in The Bold and the Beautiful (1997\u20132005, 2010\u20132012) and The Young and the Restless (2006\u20132010, 2013).", "Q167997": "Otto Yulyevich Shmidt (Born Otto Friedrich Julius Schmidt; Russian: \u041e\u0442\u0442\u043e \u042e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u043c\u0438\u0434\u0442, romanized: Otto Jul'evi\u010d Shmidt; 30 September [O.S. 18 September] 1891 \u2013 7 September 1956), better known as Otto Schmidt, was a Soviet scientist, mathematician, astronomer, geophysicist, statesman, academician, Hero of the USSR (27 June 1937), and member of the Communist Party.\n\n", "Q27535796": "Exo-CBX (Korean: \uc5d1\uc18c-\uccb8\ubc31\uc2dc Exo-Chen-Baek-Xi; stylized as EXO-CBX) is the first official sub-unit of South Korean-Chinese boy group Exo. Formed by SM Entertainment in 2016, the group is composed of three Exo members: Chen, Baekhyun, and Xiumin. Their debut extended play Hey Mama! was released on October 31, 2016.", "Q369916": "Chaim Moshe Tzadik Palestine (born 1947), known professionally as Charlemagne Palestine, is an American visual artist and musician.Born in Brooklyn, New York in 1947, Palestine began by singing sacred Jewish music and studying accordion and piano. At the age of 12 he started playing backup conga and bongo drums for Allen Ginsberg, Gregory Corso, Kenneth Anger, and Tiny Tim. From 1962 to 1969 Palestine was carillonneur for the Saint Thomas Episcopal Church in Manhattan, eventually creating a piece that consisted of 1,500 15 minute performances.\nFrom 1968 to 1972, Palestine studied vocal interpretation with Pandit Pran Nath, experimented on kinetic light sculptures with Len Lye, composed music for Tony and Beverly Conrad\u2019s film \"Coming Attractions,\" taught at Cal Arts with Morton Subotnick, created the sound and movement piece Illuminations with Simone Forti, and developed his own alternative synthesizer, the Spectral Continuum Drone Machine. Throughout the seventies Palestine created records, videos, sculptural objects, abstract expressionist visual scores, and performed regularly in the company of his stuffed animals. From 1980 to 1995, Palestine performed only rarely, exhibiting instead at Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam; the Moderna Museet, Stockholm; and in documenta 8. During that time, he also founded the Ethnology Cinema Project in New York, which is dedicated to preserving films that document disappearing traditional cultures.\nAfter moving to Europe in 1995, in addition to creating exhibitions, Palestine performed regularly, re-releasing older material and developing new videos and sonic projects.", "Q456017": "Amazing Grace is a 2006 British-American biographical drama film directed by Michael Apted, about the campaign against the slave trade in the British Empire, led by William Wilberforce, who was responsible for steering anti-slave trade legislation through the British parliament. The title is a reference to the hymn \"Amazing Grace\". The film also recounts the experiences of John Newton as a crewman on a slave ship and subsequent religious conversion, which inspired his writing of the poem later used in the hymn. Newton is portrayed as a major influence on Wilberforce and the abolition movement.\nThe film premiered on 16 September 2006 at the Toronto International Film Festival, followed by showings at the Heartland Film Festival, the Santa Barbara International Film Festival, and the European Film Market, before opening in wide US release on 23 February 2007, which coincided with the 200th anniversary of the date the British parliament voted to ban the slave trade.", "Q109096": "Frank Blackfire (born 24 February 1966, real name Frank Gosdzik) is a German guitarist, who is best known as a member of the influential thrash metal bands Sodom and Kreator.", "Q96758": "Fritz Schramma (born 27 August 1947 in Cologne) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He was mayor of Cologne from 2000 until 2009.\n\n", "Q81224": "Inside Man is a 2006 American heist thriller film directed by Spike Lee, and written by Russell Gewirtz. It centers on an elaborate bank heist on Wall Street over a 24-hour period. The film stars Denzel Washington as Detective Keith Frazier, the NYPD's hostage negotiator, Clive Owen as Dalton Russell, the mastermind who orchestrates the heist, and Jodie Foster as Madeleine White, a Manhattan power broker who becomes involved at the request of the bank's founder, Arthur Case (Christopher Plummer), to keep something in his safe deposit box protected from the robbers. Inside Man marks the fourth film collaboration between Washington and Lee.\nGewirtz spent five years developing the premise before working on what became his first original screenplay. After he completed the script in 2002, Imagine Entertainment purchased it to be made by Universal Pictures, with the former company's co-founder Ron Howard attached to direct. After Howard stepped down, his Imagine partner Brian Grazer began looking for a new director for the project and ultimately hired Lee. Principal photography began in June 2005 and concluded in August; filming took place on location in New York City. Inside Man premiered in New York on March 20, 2006, before being released in the United States on March 24, 2006. It received positive reviews from critics and earned $184.4 million worldwide against its $45 million production budget.", "Q55713": "Anand Ratan Yadav (Marathi: \u0906\u0928\u0902\u0926 \u0930\u0924\u0928 \u092f\u093e\u0926\u0935; 30 November 1935 \u2013 27 November 2016) was a Marathi writer from Maharashtra, India. He is best known for his autobiography Zombi (\u091d\u094b\u0902\u092c\u0940).\nHe was born on 30 November 1935 in the village Kagal near Kolhapur, Maharashtra in a poor family. His illiterate farmer father was not in favor of educating him. So young Yadav ran away from home, and, facing many hardships, received education as high as a doctorate from Pune University. His books such as Jhombi and Nangarani depict his struggle for education.\nHe died in 2016 at Pune.", "Q23685": "James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician, philanthropist, and former farmer who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as a Georgia State Senator from 1963 to 1967 and as the 76th governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975. Since leaving the presidency, Carter has remained active in the private sector; in 2002, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in co-founding the Carter Center.\nRaised in Plains, Georgia, Carter graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1946 with a Bachelor of Science degree and joined the United States Navy, where he served on submarines. After the death of his father in 1953, Carter left his naval career and returned home to Georgia to take up the reins of his family's peanut-growing business. Carter inherited comparatively little due to his father's forgiveness of debts and the division of the estate among the children. Nevertheless, his ambition to expand and grow the Carters' peanut business was fulfilled. During this period, Carter was motivated to oppose the political climate of racial segregation and support the growing civil rights movement. He became an activist within the Democratic Party. From 1963 to 1967, Carter served in the Georgia State Senate, and in 1970, he was elected as Governor of Georgia, defeating former Governor Carl Sanders in the Democratic primary on an anti-segregation platform advocating affirmative action for ethnic minorities. Carter remained as governor until 1975. Despite being a dark-horse candidate who was little known outside of Georgia at the start of the campaign, Carter won the 1976 Democratic presidential nomination. In the general election, Carter ran as an outsider and narrowly defeated incumbent Republican President Gerald Ford. \nOn his second day in office, Carter pardoned all the Vietnam War draft evaders. During Carter's term as president, two new cabinet-level departments, the Department of Energy and the Department of Education, were established. He established a national energy policy that included conservation, price control, and new technology. In foreign affairs, Carter pursued the Camp David Accords, the Panama Canal Treaties, the second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II), and the return of the Panama Canal Zone to Panama. On the economic front, he confronted persistent stagflation, a combination of high inflation, high unemployment and slow growth. The end of his presidential tenure was marked by the 1979\u20131981 Iran hostage crisis, the 1979 energy crisis, the Three Mile Island nuclear accident, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In response to the invasion, Carter escalated the Cold War when he ended d\u00e9tente, imposed a grain embargo against the Soviets, enunciated the Carter Doctrine, and led a 1980 Summer Olympics boycott in Moscow. In 1980, Carter faced a challenge from Senator Ted Kennedy in the primaries, but he won re-nomination at the 1980 Democratic National Convention. Carter lost the general election to Republican nominee Ronald Reagan in an electoral landslide. Polls of historians and political scientists usually rank Carter as an average president; he often receives more positive evaluations for his post-presidential work.\nIn 1982, Carter established the Carter Center to promote and expand human rights. He has traveled extensively to conduct peace negotiations, monitor elections, and advance disease prevention and eradication in developing nations. Carter is considered a key figure in the Habitat for Humanity charity. He has written over 30 books ranging from political memoirs to poetry while continuing to actively comment on ongoing American and global affairs, such as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The earliest-serving of the five living U.S. presidents, Carter is the longest-lived president, the longest-retired president, the first to live forty years after their inauguration, and the first to reach the age of 95.", "Q813868": "Bedford College was founded in London in 1849 as the first higher education college for women in the United Kingdom. In 1900, it became a constituent of the University of London. Having played a leading role in the advancement of women in higher education and public life in general, it became fully coeducational in the 1960s. In 1985, Bedford College merged with Royal Holloway College, another constituent of the University of London, to form Royal Holloway and Bedford New College (RHBNC). This remains the official name, but it is commonly called Royal Holloway, University of London (RHUL).\n\n", "Q213710": "Apple Records is a record label founded by the Beatles in 1968 as a division of Apple Corps Ltd. It was initially intended as a creative outlet for the Beatles, both as a group and individually, plus a selection of other artists including Mary Hopkin, James Taylor, Badfinger, and Billy Preston. In practice, the roster had become dominated by the mid-1970s with releases of the former Beatles as solo artists. Allen Klein managed the label from 1969 to 1973, then it was managed by Neil Aspinall on behalf of the Beatles and their heirs. Aspinall retired in 2007 and was replaced by Jeff Jones.", "Q4901109": "Bharat Desai (born November 1952) is an American billionaire businessman, and the co-founder and chairman of Syntel.", "Q1711693": "Jules Louis Eskin (October 20, 1931 \u2013 November 15, 2016) was an American cellist who was the principal cellist of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. He was born in Philadelphia. With conductor Seiji Ozawa, he is known for solo performances of well-known works by Johannes Brahms, Gabriel Faur\u00e9, and Beethoven. Prior to joining the Boston Symphony Orchestra, he spent three years with the Cleveland Orchestra under George Szell. He also played for the Boston Chamber Players and Burton Quintet Five.\nEskin died at the age of 85 on November 15, 2016 in Brookline, Massachusetts from cancer.\n\n", "Q310580": "David Roland Cook (born December 20, 1982) is an American rock singer-songwriter, who rose to fame after winning the seventh season of American Idol in 2008. Prior to Idol he released an independent album entitled Analog Heart. This was followed by his post-Idol major-label debut David Cook which was released on November 18, 2008, and has since been certified platinum by the RIAA. His second major album This Loud Morning was released on June 28, 2011. His third post American Idol and fourth overall studio album Digital Vein was released on September 18, 2015.", "Q87866": "Christian Martin Julius Frauenst\u00e4dt (April 17, 1813, Bojanowo, Posen \u2013 January 13, 1879, Berlin) was a German student of philosophy. He was educated at the house of his uncle at Neisse, and converted from Judaism to Christianity in 1833. Studying theology and, later, philosophy at Berlin, he met Schopenhauer and took up his residence in Berlin in 1848.\nFrauenst\u00e4dt was a disciple of Arthur Schopenhauer, as is shown by his works. He wrote:\n\n\"Studien und Kritiken zur Theologie und Philosophie,\" Berlin, 1840\n\"Ueber das Wahre Verh\u00e4ltniss der Vernunft zur Offenbarung,\" Darmstadt, 1848\n\"Aesthetische Fragen,\" Dessau, 1853\n\"Die Naturwissenschaft in Ihrem Einfluss auf Poesie, Religion, Moral, und Philosophie,\" ib. 1855\n\"Der Materialismus, Seine Wahrheit und Sein Irrthum,\" ib. 1856 (written against Ludwig B\u00fcchner)\n\"Briefe \u00fcber die Nat\u00fcrliche Religion,\" ib. 1858\n\"Lichtstrahlen aus Immanuel Kant's Werken,\" ib. 1872.Schopenhauer made Frauenst\u00e4dt his literary executor, to undertake the editing of his works. Among Frauenst\u00e4dt's works relating especially to Schopenhauer are:\n\n\"Briefe \u00fcber die Schopenhauer'sche Philosophie,\" Leipzig, 1854\n\"Lichtstrahlen aus Schopenhauer's Werken,\" ib. 1862, 7th ed. 1891 (with Otto Lindner)\n\"Schopenhauer, von Ihm und \u00fcber Ihn,\" Berlin, 1863\n\"Aus Schopenhauer's Handschriftlichem Nachlass,\" Leipzig, 1864\n\"Das Sittliche Leben,\" ib. 1866\n\"Blicke in die Intellektuelle, Physische, und Moralische Welt,\" ib. 1869; \"Schopenhauer-Lexikon,\" ib. 1871\n\"Neue Briefe \u00fcber die Schopenhauer'sche Philosophie,\" ib. 1876.He edited \"Gesammtausgabe der Werke Schopenhauers,\" 6 vols., ib. 1873\u201374, 2d ed. 1877.", "Q234344": "Monica Potter (born Monica Gregg Brokaw; June 30, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles in the films Con Air (1997), Patch Adams (1998), and Along Came a Spider (2001). She also appeared in the horror films Saw (2004) and The Last House on the Left, a 2009 remake film.\nPotter has also appeared on television, as a series regular on Boston Legal, as well as a Golden Globe-nominated role as Kristina Braverman in the NBC drama series Parenthood (2010\u20132015). She was a series regular in the CBS drama Wisdom of the Crowd.\nPotter is also known as the founder and principal owner of Monica Potter Home, an upscale home goods, natural skin care and home decor business in Cleveland, Ohio. With the family business struggling to make money, the company was featured on the reality TV show The Profit.\n\n", "Q3820821": "Agust\u00ed Montal i Galobart was a president of the FC Barcelona for the years 1946 to 1952. Born in Barcelona in 1906 and died in 1964.\nAfter the Spanish Civil War and during the early years of the Dictatorship by Francisco Franco, between 1939 and 1953, the president was appointed by the authorities of the regime. Montal's presidency began on 20 September 1946. But success came only in 1952, when the team under the command of Ferdinand Daucik during a season won five titles - La Liga, the Spanish Cup, Copa America, the Trofeo Martini Rossi and the Copa Eva Duarte. This resulted in a significant increase in the Barca fans, so he decided to buy land to build a new stadium - the Camp Nou, since Les Corts was too small to accommodate a growing group of followers. On 16 July 1952 Montal resigned as chairman to be replaced by Enric Mart\u00ed Carreto.\nHis son Agust\u00ed Montal i Costa was also chairman of the 1966 Barcelona 1977.", "Q72347": "Haldun Boysan (born 6 July 1958) is a Turkish actor. One of his notable works are Valley of the Wolves as Tombalac\u0131 Mehmet who's one of the councils of the Wolves.", "Q98946": "Conrad Warmund Christian Maria Fink (7 July 1900, Munich - 25 July 1981) was a German librarian and politician who represented the Bavaria Party and the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was district administrator for Pfarrkirchen and from 1949 to 1953 a Member of the Deutscher Bundestag.", "Q262102": "Debra Hill (November 10, 1950 \u2013 March 7, 2005) was an American film producer and screenwriter, best known for producing various works of John Carpenter.\nShe also co-wrote four of his films: Halloween, The Fog, Escape from New York and Escape from L.A. They also wrote and produced Halloween II together, which Carpenter did not direct.", "Q274760": "Ruxandra Donose (born 2 September 1964 in Bucharest) is a Romanian operatic mezzo-soprano.\nDonose studied singing and piano at the Conservatorul Ciprian Porumbescu in Bucharest.In 1990 she was the runner up at the ARD contest in Munich. After this, she had her first engagement abroad, in Basel. In 1992 she became a member of the Vienna State Opera. From there, she developed a fast-paced international career, as an opera singer (Covent Garden, Op\u00e9ra Bastille, Metropolitan Opera, Salzburg Festival etc.) and also as an interpreter for Lied and oratorio.\nDonose is considered a distinguished bel canto singer, but also one of the leading interpreters of the French and the Mozartian mezzo-soprano repertoire. Her voice is \"marked by a dark, warm tone, extreme mobility and light, shining heights\".About her live recording with Rossini's La Cenerentola, in the title role, at Glyndebourne festival 2005, Barry Brenesal notes:\n\"However, I will single out only Ruxandra Donose for praise. Hers is a dusky mezzo, even in coloration, volume, and support across the registers. The voice is able to handle exacting coloratura without any aspiration or evidence of strain. Her forthright, focused attack in her final aria (\"Non pi\u00f9 mesta\") brought memories of Marilyn Horne in the 1970s; and like Horne, Donose builds her part from the text, not by working around it.\" (from Fanfare Magazine)\nDonose lives with her husband and two children in Vienna. She is currently working on her doctorate thesis.", "Q185721": "Bar-le-Duc (French pronunciation: \u200b[ba\u0281 l\u0259 dyk]), formerly known as Bar, is a commune in the Meuse d\u00e9partement, of which it is the capital. The department is in Grand Est in northeastern France.\nThe lower, more modern and busier part of the town extends along a narrow valley, shut in by wooded or vine-clad hills, and is traversed throughout its length by the Ornain, which is crossed by several bridges. It is limited towards the north-east by the Marne\u2013Rhine Canal, on the south-west by a small arm of the Ornain, called the Canal des Usines, on the left bank of which the upper town (Ville Haute) is situated.The highly rarefied Bar-le-duc jelly, also known as Lorraine jelly, is a spreadable preparation of white currant or red currant fruit preserves, hailing from this town. First referenced in the historical record in 1344, it is also colloquially referred to as \"Bar caviar\".", "Q55920": "Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz (Polish pronunciation: [ka\u02c8\u0291imj\u025b\u0282 mart\u0255i\u014b\u02c8k\u02b2\u025bvit\u0282] (listen); born 20 December 1959) is a Polish conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of Poland from 31 October 2005 to 14 July 2006. He was a member of the Law and Justice party (Prawo i Sprawiedliwo\u015b\u0107, PiS).", "Q471443": "Ilya Ilf, pseudonym of Iehiel-Leyb Arnoldovich Faynzilberg (Russian: \u0418\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0410\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0437\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433) (October 15 [O.S. October 3] 1897 in Odessa \u2013 April 13, 1937, Moscow), was a popular Soviet journalist and writer of Jewish origin who usually worked in collaboration with Yevgeni Petrov during the 1920s and 1930s. Their duo was known simply as Ilf and Petrov. Together they published two popular comedy novels The Twelve Chairs (1928) and The Little Golden Calf (1931), as well as a satirical book Odno\u00eata\u1e91na\u00e2 Amerika (often translated as Little Golden America) that documented their journey through the United States between 1935 and 1936.", "Q64525": "Peter Ramsauer (born 10 February 1954) is a German politician of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) who served as the Federal Minister of Transport, Building and Urban Development in the Second Merkel cabinet. He has been described as the self-appointed \"shepherd\" of the German language, seeking to purify it, especially of English loanwords.", "Q969685": "Gilbert Vivian Seldes (; January 3, 1893 \u2013 September 29, 1970) was an American writer and cultural critic. Seldes served as the editor and drama critic of the seminal modernist magazine The Dial and hosted the NBC television program The Subject is Jazz (1958). He also wrote for other magazines and newspapers like Vanity Fair and the Saturday Evening Post. He was most interested in American popular culture and cultural history. He wrote and adapted for Broadway, including Lysistrata and A Midsummer Night's Dream in the 1930s. Later, he made films, wrote radio scripts and became the first director of television for CBS News and the founding dean of the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania.\nHe spent his career analyzing popular culture in America, advocating cultural democracy, and subsequently, calling for public criticism of the media. Near the end of his life, he quipped, 'I've been carrying on a lover's quarrel with the popular arts for years ... It's been fun. Nothing like them'.", "Q378628": "The England national rugby union team represents England in men's international rugby union. They compete in the annual Six Nations Championship with France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. England have won the championship on a total of 28 occasions (as well as sharing 10 victories) \u2013 winning the Grand Slam 13 times and the Triple Crown 26 times \u2013 making them the most successful outright winners in the tournament's history. As of 18 November 2019, England are ranked third in the world by the International Rugby Board. They are currently the only team from the Northern Hemisphere to win the Rugby World Cup, having won the tournament in 2003, and have been runners-up on three other occasions.\nThe history of the team extends back to 1871 when the English rugby team played their first official test match, losing 1\u20130 to Scotland. England dominated the early Home Nations Championship (now the Six Nations) which started in 1883. Following the schism of rugby football in 1895 into union and league, England did not win the Championship again until 1910. They first played against New Zealand in 1905, South Africa in 1906, and Australia in 1909. England was one of the teams invited to take part in the inaugural Rugby World Cup in 1987 and progressed to the final in the second tournament in 1991, losing 12\u20136 to Australia. Following their Grand Slam in 2003, England went on to win the 2003 Rugby World Cup, defeating Australia 20\u201317 in extra time. They contested the final again in 2007 in defence of their title, losing 15\u20136 to South Africa, and reached the final for the fourth time in 2019, once again losing to South Africa, 32\u201312.\nEngland players traditionally wear a white shirt with a rose embroidered on the chest, white shorts, and navy blue socks with a white trim. England's home ground is Twickenham Stadium where they first played in 1910. The team is administered by the Rugby Football Union (RFU). Four former players have been inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame; one of these is also a member of the IRB Hall of Fame. Seven other former players are members of the IRB Hall \u2013 four solely for their accomplishments as players, two solely for their achievements in other roles in the sport, and one for achievements both as a player and administrator.", "Q32763": "Carlos Alonso Gonz\u00e1lez (born 23 August 1952), known as Santillana, is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a striker.\nBest known for his Real Madrid spell, which consisted of 17 La Liga seasons and 643 official games, he was known for his stellar heading ability despite not reaching 1.80m, courtesy of his elevation, and is widely regarded as one of the best strikers in the history of Spanish football.The recipient of more than 50 caps for Spain, he represented the nation in two World Cups and as many European Championships.", "Q213923": "Porcupine Tree were an English progressive rock band formed by musician Steven Wilson in 1987. The band began essentially as a solo project for Wilson, who created all of the band's music. By late 1993, however, he wanted to work in a band environment, bringing on frequent collaborators Richard Barbieri as keyboardist, Colin Edwin as bassist, and Chris Maitland as drummer to form the first permanent lineup. With Wilson as lead vocalist and guitarist, this remained the lineup until February 2002, when Maitland left the band and Gavin Harrison was recruited to replace him.\nPorcupine Tree's early sound evoked a style of psychedelic rock comparable to that of Pink Floyd. Upon signing with Kscope record label in the late 1990s, the band approached a more mainstream alternative rock sound. By the early 2000s, the band had signed to a major record label and shifted their sound again, this time in a more progressive metal direction. After the tour in support of their tenth studio album, The Incident, released in 2009 and their biggest commercial success to date, the band became inactive as Wilson committed himself to his solo work and other members began working on their own separate projects. In 2018, after years of indetermination, Wilson ruled out a possible reformation.\nDuring a career spanning more than 20 years, Porcupine Tree earned critical acclaim from critics and fellow musicians, developed a cult following, and became an influence for new artists. However, their work mostly stayed away from mainstream music, being described by publications such as Classic Rock and PopMatters as \"the most important band you\u2019d never heard of\".", "Q241903": "Jacqueline Susann (August 20, 1918 \u2013 September 21, 1974) was an American writer and actress. Her iconic novel, Valley of the Dolls (1966), is one of the best-selling books in publishing history. With her two subsequent works, The Love Machine (1969) and Once Is Not Enough (1973), Susann became the first author to have three consecutive #1 novels on The New York Times Best Seller List.", "Q1906053": "Marvin H. Davis (August 31, 1925 \u2013 September 25, 2004) was an American industrialist. He made his fortunes as the chair of Davis Petroleum and at one time owned 20th Century Fox, the Pebble Beach Corporation, the Beverly Hills Hotel, and the Aspen Skiing Company.", "Q740140": "Thomas Hansen (13 February 1976 \u2013 5 September 2007) was a Norwegian alternative country musician performing under the name Saint Thomas (previously St. Thomas).\nHe became a musician after quitting his job as a mailman after hearing music from Elliott Smith and Will Oldham. He formed a short-lived band called Emily Lang before attempting solo work. His music caught the eye of a very small Norwegian label, which released 200 copies of his debut 7\" \"Songs,\" and the French label Darjeeling Sounds released his first proper album Surfer's Morning in limited numbers.\nHansen's biggest break came shortly after Norway's Quart Festival in 1999, where he got signed to Racing Junior. His first album, I'm Coming Home, was preceded by \"The Cornerman EP,\" which was a summer chart success in Norway in 2001. The album then received international releases throughout 2002.\nHansen since released three other albums, and also toured Europe with Lambchop and the United States in 2005 with Of Montreal. His next album, Children Of The New Brigade, was released in August 2005 in Norway by Racing Junior. His work was also released on Misra Records.\nIn August 2006, Saint Thomas released a new album, officially his sixth, There's Only One of Me on his own label, Cornerman Records. The album was also licensed to Make My Day Records for release in Germany, Austria and Switzerland and to Irish label yesboyicecream records for release in the UK and Ireland.\nThe track 'St. Thomas', from the album Troubles (a 'side project' of The Broken Family Band singer Steven Adams), is named after Thomas Hansen.\nThomas Hansen was found dead on 10 September 2007, aged 31. The cause of death was determined to be an \"unfortunate combination of prescribed drugs\".", "Q690163": "The Scex Rouge (also spelled Sex Rouge; lit. \"red rock\"; 2,971 m) is a mountain of the Alps, overlooking Les Diablerets in the canton of Vaud. Along with the Oldenhorn to the east, it is one of the main peaks of the Diablerets, a huge ice-covered mountain near the western end of the Bernese Alps, straddling the border between the cantons of Vaud, Valais and Bern, and exceeding 3,000 metres above sea level. On its west side, the Scex Rouge is part of a nearly 2,000 metre-high amphitheatre of cliffs surrounding the Creux de Champ valley, south of Les Diablerets. On its southeast side, the Scex Rouge overlooks the Tsanfleuron Glacier, the largest in the massif. Administratively, the mountain is part of the municipality of Ormont-Dessus, which also includes Les Diablerets.\nThe Scex Rouge is connected from the Col du Pillon (Vaud) by two aerial tramways and from Reusch (Bern) by three, all operated by Glacier 3000. The first leads to the summit of the T\u00eate aux Chamois (2,525 m), which can also be reached from Reusch and Oldenegg on the Bernese side. From the T\u00eate aux Chamois, the highest aerial tramway leads to near the summit of the Scex Rouge, or more precisely, a 2,965 metre-high subsidiary summit. The mountain station lies at an elevation of 2,940 metres and consists of a large building, designed by Mario Botta, including a panoramic restaurant.\nThe true summit of the Scex Rouge can only be reached by a bridge connecting it with the subsidiary peak, which is in turn connected to the station by stairs. The 107 metre-long so-called \"suspension bridge\" (without towers), called Peak Walk, is the world's first suspension bridge which connects two mountain peaks. Many of the highest Alpine summits can be seen from the top.\nThe area is used for winter sports from October to May, with several ski lifts being located on the Tsanfleuron Glacier. In the summer season, several hiking trails cross the glacier between the Scex Rouge, the Quille du Diable and the Oldensattel, at the foot of the Oldenhorn. The Glacier 3000 company also operates a snow coach on the glacier. Without the aerial tramways, the Scex Rouge itself can be reached by experienced hikers from Reusch via the Oldensattel or from Derborence and the Sanetsch Pass via the Quille du Diable. Two other more difficult access are from Les Diablerets via the Col de Prapio and from the Col du Pillon via the Scex Rouge Glacier.\nThe first connection to the Scex Rouge was inaugurated on July 1964, at the time of Expo64, the fifth Swiss national exhibition. All the facilities were entirely renewed in 2001. The true summit, however, is accessible to tourists only since October 2014, when the suspension bridge was inaugurated. The Scex Rouge remains nowadays the highest mountain of the canton with public transport access.", "Q711469": "Gregory James Norton (born 13 March 1959) is an American musician, formerly of the band H\u00fcsker D\u00fc. While the majority of the band's songwriting was done by bandmates Bob Mould and Grant Hart, Norton contributed the songs \"M.T.C.,\" \"Don't Have a Life\" and \"Let's Go Die\" to H\u00fcsker D\u00fc's debut EP Land Speed Record. He was born in Davenport, Iowa.\nAfter H\u00fcsker D\u00fc disbanded in 1988, Norton formed the band Grey Area with H\u00fcsker D\u00fc engineer and former member of Fine Art Colin Mansfield as well as Jo Jones. After Grey Area disbanded in 1991, Norton left the music business to focus on the restaurant business, opening The Norton's Restaurant (now closed) in Red Wing, Minnesota. Norton returned to the recording industry in 2006, with a new jazz band, Gang Font feat. Interloper. The group is composed of Norton, Dave King (of The Bad Plus, Happy Apple, Halloween, Alaska, 12 Rods and the Love-Cars), Eric Fratzke of Zebulon Pike and Happy Apple, and Craig Taborn.\nIn 2016, Norton joined La Crosse, Wisconsin band Porcupine as their bass player to replace Davey Reinders.", "Q4355413": "Joseph Bitner Wirthlin (June 11, 1917 \u2013 December 1, 2008) was an American businessman, religious leader and member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was sustained to the Twelve on October 4, 1986, and ordained an apostle on October 9, 1986, by Thomas S. Monson. He became an apostle following the death of church president Spencer W. Kimball. As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, Wirthlin was accepted by the church membership as a prophet, seer, and revelator.", "Q187136": "Luoyang (Lu\u00f2y\u00e1ng) is a city located in the confluence area of Luo River and Yellow River in the west of Henan province. Governed as a prefecture-level city, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, Jiyuan to the north, and Jiaozuo to the northeast. As of the final 2010 census, Luoyang had a population of 6,549,941 inhabitants with 1,857,003 people living in the built-up (or metro) area made of the city's five urban districts, all of which except the Jili District are not urbanized yet.Situated on the central plain of China, Luoyang is one of the cradles of Chinese civilization, and is one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China.", "Q153401": "The Communist Party of Germany (German: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands, KPD) was a major political party in Germany between 1918 and 1933, and a minor party in West Germany in the postwar period until it was banned in 1956.\nFounded in the aftermath of the First World War by socialists opposed to the war, the party became gradually ever more committed to Leninism and later Stalinism after the death of its founding figures. During the Weimar Republic period, the KPD usually polled between 10 and 15 percent of the vote and was represented in the Reichstag and in state parliaments. Under the leadership of Ernst Th\u00e4lmann from 1925 the party became staunchly Stalinist and loyal to the leadership of the Soviet Union, and from 1928 it was largely controlled and funded by the Comintern in Moscow. Under Th\u00e4lmann's leadership the party directed most of its attacks against the Social Democratic Party of Germany, which it regarded as its main adversary and referred to as \"social fascists\"; the KPD considered all other parties in the Weimar Republic to be \"fascists\".The party's paramilitary wing was the Roter Frontk\u00e4mpferbund (\"Alliance of Red Front-Fighters\"), which was banned as extremist by the governing social democrats in 1929; in 1932 the KPD also founded Antifaschistische Aktion, commonly known as Antifa, which it described as a \"red united front under the leadership of the only anti-fascist party, the KPD\", and which largely attacked the \"social fascists\" [social democrats]. Banned in the Weimar Republic one day after Adolf Hitler emerged triumphant in the German elections in 1933, the KPD maintained an underground organization but suffered heavy losses.\nThe party was revived in divided postwar West and East Germany and won seats in the first Bundestag (West German Parliament) elections in 1949, but its support collapsed following the establishment of a communist state in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany. The KPD was banned as extremist in West Germany in 1956 by the Constitutional Court. Some of its former members founded an even smaller fringe party, the German Communist Party (DKP), in 1969, which remains legal, and multiple tiny splinter groups claiming to be the successor to the KPD have also subsequently been formed.\nIn East Germany, the party was merged, by Soviet decree, with remnants of the Social Democratic Party to form the Socialist Unity Party (SED) which ruled East Germany from 1949 until 1989\u20131990; the forced merger was opposed by the social democrats, many of whom fled to the western zones. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, reformists took over the SED and renamed it the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS); in 2007 the PDS subsequently merged with the SPD splinter faction WASG to form Die Linke.", "Q556956": "Leif Valdemar Johansson (born 30 September 1951), is a Swedish businessman. He was President and CEO of the Volvo Group from 1997 to 2011 and Chairman of Ericsson from 2011 until 2017 and is currently Chairman of AstraZeneca plc.\nIn 2012, the Fokus Magazine ranked him as Sweden's 6th most powerful person.", "Q962908": "Richard Benjamin Haymes (September 13, 1918 \u2013 March 28, 1980), known as Dick Haymes, was an American actor and singer, born in Argentina. He was one of the most popular male vocalists of the 1940s and early 1950s. He was the older brother of Bob Haymes who was an actor, television host, and songwriter.", "Q269731": "Robert Zigler Leonard (October 7, 1889 \u2013 August 27, 1968) was an American film director, actor, producer, and screenwriter.", "Q198770": "Said Nursi (Ottoman Turkish: \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200e / Kurdish: Se\u00eed\u00ea Nurs\u00ee ,\u0633\u06d5\u0639\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0648\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200e\u200e; 1877 \u2013 23 March 1960), also spelled Said-i Nurs\u00ee or Said-i Kurd\u00ee and commonly known with the honorific Bedi\u00fczzaman (\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0645\u0627\u0646, Bad\u012b' al-Zam\u0101n), meaning \"wonder of the age\"; or simply \u00dcstad, \"master\") was a Kurdish Sunni Muslim theologian. He wrote the Risale-i Nur Collection, a body of Qur'anic commentary exceeding six thousand pages. Believing that modern science and logic was the way of the future, he advocated teaching religious sciences in secular schools and modern sciences in religious schools.\nNursi inspired a religious movement that has played a vital role in the revival of Islam in Turkey and now numbers several millions of followers worldwide. His followers, often known as the \"Nurcu movement\" or the \"Nur cemaati\", often call him by the venerating mononymic \u00dcstad (\"the Teacher\").\n\nHe was able to recite many books from memory. For instance: \"So then he [Molla Fethullah] decided to test his memory and handed him a copy of the work by Al-Hariri of Basra (1054\u20131122) \u2014 also famous for his intelligence and power of memory \u2014 called Maqamat al-Hariri. Said read one page once, memorized it, then repeated it by heart. Molla Fethullah expressed his amazement.\"", "Q76647": "Paul Henckels (9 September 1885 \u2013 27 May 1967) was a German film and stage actor. He appeared in more than 230 films between 1921 and 1965. Paul Henckels had started his acting career on the stage in the 1900s.\nAlthough his father was Jewish and he was considered a \"Half-Jew\" by the rules of the Nazis, Henckels was still allowed to work during the Third Reich, mainly because of the help of his friend Gustaf Gr\u00fcndgens and his popularity as a character actor. He was well known for his eccentric, colourful roles and his trademark Rhineland accent. Among his most popular roles were the school teacher Professor B\u00f6mmel in Die Feuerzangenbowle (1944) and the veterinarian Dr. Pudlich in the \"Immenhof film series\" during the 1950s. He was also notable as a stage actor and appeared at the Schauspielhaus Berlin for many years. His most popular stage role was Wibbel the Tailor which he played more than 1000 times.\n\n", "Q105121": "Prince Hubertus zu Loewenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg (October 14, 1906 \u2013 November 28, 1984) was a German historian and political figure who was an early opponent of Adolf Hitler. He fled Germany and helped to promote anti-Nazism in the United States. He was a former member of Parliament, and was the author of over 40 books. He was the head of the Free German Authors Association, and was decorated by Pope John XXIII for work toward reconciliation between the Roman Catholic and the Greek Orthodox church.Prince Hubertus was instrumental in returning the island Helgoland to West-Germany from Britain which used this high-sea island for bombing trainings after World War II. He was survived by his wife, Princess Helga, and his three daughters, Princess Elisabeth, Princess Konstanza, and Margarethe von Schwarzkopf, a successful journalist in her own right.", "Q324143": "Pietro Martellanza (30 September 1938 \u2013 1 February 2010), best known as Peter Martell, was an Italian film actor who had numerous bigger roles in Spaghetti westerns. Sometimes he was credited as Pete Martell or Peter Martel.\nBorn in Bolzano, he started his career in cinema as a stuntman. He was mainly active in the 1960s and 1970s, appearing in about 70 films. After a longer break he starred in some movies again from 2002 on.\nMartell was chosen as the leading actor in God Forgives... I Don't!, but the day before the first shoot he broke his foot during a fight with his girlfriend and was replaced by Terence Hill, which started Hill's successful partnership with Bud Spencer.\n\n", "Q2732297": "The IFP School (French: ENSPM - \u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure du P\u00e9trole et des Moteurs) is a graduate engineering school located in Rueil-Malmaison, France. Founded in 1954, IFP School is part of the IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), a French public-sector research and training center. The school graduates approximately 600 students per year in 20 graduate programs (10 in English), employing 40 regular professors and 350 instructors from industry.\n\n", "Q18786623": "Me and My Moulton is a 2014 Canadian-Norwegian animated short film written and directed by Torill Kove. It premiered at the 2014 Annecy International Animated Film Festival on 10 June 2014. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 87th Academy Awards.", "Q465350": "William Kennedy-Laurie Dickson (3 August 1860 \u2013 28 September 1935) was a Scottish-American inventor who devised an early motion picture camera under the employment of Thomas Edison (post-dating the work of Louis Le Prince).", "Q70236": "Joseph Hubert Reinkens (March 1, 1821 \u2013 January 4, 1896) was the first German Old Catholic bishop.", "Q885639": "Harrison Reed (August 26, 1813 \u2013 May 25, 1899) was an American editor and politician who had most of his political career in Florida. He was elected in 1868 as the ninth Governor of Florida, serving until 1873 during the Reconstruction era. Born in Littleton, Massachusetts, he moved as a youth with his family to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he had a grocery store and started farming. He also owned and edited the Milwaukee Sentinel for several years.\nReed became active in the Republican Party and in 1861 he began his political career, moving to Washington, DC for a patronage job in the Treasury Department. In 1863 he was appointed as the Tax Commissioner of Florida, to oversee confiscation and sales of Confederate properties in Union-occupied areas. In 1865 he was appointed as Postal Agent for the state. In 1868 he was elected as Governor under the new constitution, which enfranchised freedmen. He served one term, with challenges by factions of the Republican Party resulting in two attempts in the state senate at impeachment. He strongly supported public education, where the growth in new schools served one-quarter of the children by 1872. After the war Reed settled on a farm near Jacksonville, later serving as a state representative.", "Q270260": "Chelan Simmons (born October 29, 1982) is a Canadian actress and former professional model, best known for her roles in the films Good Luck Chuck, Final Destination 3 and Tucker & Dale vs Evil. Simmons is also well known for her work in television, portraying recurring character Hillary in the ABC Family show Kyle XY for three seasons, and for her series regular role during the first season of The L.A. Complex.", "Q113743": "Peter Westenthaler (born \"Peter Hoja\u010d\", 6 November 1967, Vienna) is an Austrian politician. He assumed his mother's maiden name Westenthaler instead of his former surname Hoja\u010d (Czech). A member of J\u00f6rg Haider's Freedom Party of Austria (FP\u00d6) up to the so-called \"Knittelfeld Putsch\" of 2002, he then worked for Frank Stronach's Magna Steyr, and in June 2006 was elected chairman of the newly founded Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZ\u00d6).\nAs leader of the BZ\u00d6, Westenthaler was engaged in a heated dispute with FP\u00d6 chairman Heinz-Christian Strache over which of the two political parties is the legal successor to the former FP\u00d6 (the party before the split of 2005 which was a candidate at the 2002 Austrian legislative election).\nOn 30 August 2008, Peter Westenthaler was officially replaced as chairman of the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZ\u00d6) by party founder J\u00f6rg Haider.", "Q60025": "Johanna \"Hannah\" Cohn Arendt (, also US: , German: [\u02c8a\u02d0\u0281\u0259nt]; 14 October 1906 \u2013 4 December 1975), also known as Hannah Arendt Bluecher, was a German-American philosopher and political theorist. Her many books and articles on topics ranging from totalitarianism to epistemology have had a lasting influence on political theory. Arendt is widely considered one of the most important political philosophers of the twentieth century.\nArendt was born in Hanover, Germany but mostly raised in K\u00f6nigsberg in a secular merchant Jewish culture by parents who were politically progressive, being supporters of the Social Democrats. Her father died when she was seven, so she was raised by her mother and grandfather. After completing her secondary education, she studied at the University of Marburg under Martin Heidegger, with whom she had a brief affair, and who had a lasting influence on her thinking. She obtained her doctorate in philosophy in 1929 at the University of Heidelberg with Karl Jaspers.\nHannah Arendt married G\u00fcnther Stern in 1929, but soon began to encounter increasing antisemitism in 1930s Nazi Germany. Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and while researching antisemitic propaganda for the Zionist Federation of Germany in Berlin that year, Arendt was denounced and briefly imprisoned by the Gestapo. On release, she fled Germany, living in Czechoslovakia and Switzerland before settling in Paris. There she worked for Youth Aliyah, assisting young Jews to emigrate to Palestine. Divorcing Stern in 1937, she married Heinrich Bl\u00fccher in 1940, but when Germany invaded France in 1940 she was detained by the French as an alien, despite having been stripped of her German citizenship in 1937. She escaped and made her way to the United States in 1941 via Portugal. She settled in New York, which remained her principal residence for the rest of her life. She became a writer and editor and worked for the Jewish Cultural Reconstruction, becoming an American citizen in 1950. With the publication of The Origins of Totalitarianism in 1951, her reputation as a thinker and writer was established and a series of seminal works followed. These included The Human Condition in 1958, as well as Eichmann in Jerusalem and On Revolution in 1963. She taught at many American universities, while declining tenure-track appointments. She died suddenly of a heart attack in 1975, at the age of 69, leaving her last work, The Life of the Mind, unfinished.\n\nHer works cover a broad range of topics, but she is best known for those dealing with the nature of power and evil, as well as politics, direct democracy, authority, and totalitarianism. In the popular mind she is best remembered for the controversy surrounding the trial of Adolf Eichmann, her attempt to explain how ordinary people become actors in totalitarian systems, which was considered by some an apologia, and for the phrase \"the banality of evil\". She is commemorated by institutions and journals devoted to her thinking, the Hannah Arendt Prize for political thinking, and on stamps, street names and schools, amongst other things.", "Q57689": "James Martin Pacelli McGuinness (Irish: S\u00e9amus M\u00e1irt\u00edn Pacelli Mag Aonghusa; 23 May 1950 \u2013 21 March 2017) was an Irish republican Sinn F\u00e9in politician who was the deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland from May 2007 to January 2017.\nA former Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) leader, McGuinness was the MP for Mid Ulster from 1997 until his resignation in 2013. Like all Sinn F\u00e9in MPs, McGuinness abstained from participation in the Westminster Parliament. Following the St Andrews Agreement and the Assembly election in 2007, he became deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland on 8 May 2007, with the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) leader Ian Paisley becoming First Minister. On 5 June 2008 he was re-appointed as deputy First Minister to serve alongside Peter Robinson, who succeeded Paisley as First Minister. McGuinness previously served as Minister of Education in the Northern Ireland Executive between 1999 and 2002. He was Sinn F\u00e9in's candidate for President of Ireland in the 2011 election.Working alongside US Special Envoy George Mitchell, McGuinness was also one of the main architects of the Good Friday Agreement which formally cemented the Northern Ireland peace process.On 9 January 2017, McGuinness resigned as deputy First Minister in a protest over the Renewable Heat Incentive scandal. He announced on 19 January that he would not be standing for re-election to the Northern Ireland Assembly in the 2 March 2017 election due to ill health. He reportedly suffered from amyloidosis, a condition that attacks the vital organs, and retired shortly before his death on 21 March 2017, aged 66.", "Q91962": "Herbert Maisch (born 10 December 1890 \u2013 in N\u00fcrtingen, W\u00fcrttemberg, died 10 October 1974 in K\u00f6ln) was a German film director.\n\n", "Q25579": "Ume\u00e5 (UK: OO-m\u0259-aw, US: OO-may-oh, Swedish: [\u02c8\u0289\u030c\u02d0m\u025b\u0254] (listen), locally [\u02c8\u0289\u030c\u02d0m\u025b] (listen); South Westrobothnian: [\u00b2\u0289\u02d0m]note; Finnish: Uumaja; Ume Sami: Ubmeje; Southern Sami: Upmeje; Northern Sami: Ubmi) is a city in northeast Sweden. It is the seat of Ume\u00e5 Municipality and the capital of V\u00e4sterbotten County. \nSituated on the Ume River, Ume\u00e5 is the largest locality in Norrland and the thirteenth largest in Sweden, with 84,761 inhabitants in 2016. The municipality had 123,382 inhabitants as of 2017. When Ume\u00e5 University was established in 1965, growth accelerated, and the amount of housing has doubled in the last 30 years. As of 2011, 700 to 800 new apartments are constructed each year.Ume\u00e5 is a university town and centre of education, technical and medical research in northern Sweden, with two universities and over enrolled 39,000 students. Ume\u00e5 was the European Capital of Culture during 2014, along with Riga in Latvia.", "Q337881": "Johnny English (taglined in some countries as \"Little Brother of James Bond\") is a 2003 spy action comedy film directed by Peter Howitt and written by Neal Purvis, Robert Wade and William Davies. It is a British-American venture produced by StudioCanal and Working Title Films, and distributed by Universal Pictures.\nStarring Rowan Atkinson in the title role, Natalie Imbruglia, Ben Miller and John Malkovich, it is the first instalment of the Johnny English film series and serves as a parody/homage to the spy genre, mainly the James Bond film series as well as Atkinson's Mr. Bean character. The character is also related to Atkinson's bumbling spy character from a series of adverts in the United Kingdom for Barclaycard in the 1990s.\nReleased theatrically in the United States on 18 July 2003, the film met with mixed reviews from critics but was commercially successful, having grossed $160 million worldwide against a budget of $40 million. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 11 April 2003 and topped the country's box office for the next three weekends, before being overtaken by X2. Due to its commercial success, it was followed by two sequels, Johnny English Reborn and Johnny English Strikes Again, in 2011 and 2018, respectively.", "Q52929": "Gustav IV Adolf or Gustav IV Adolph (1 November 1778 \u2013 7 February 1837) was King of Sweden from 1792 until his abdication in 1809. He was also the last Swedish ruler of Finland.\nThe occupation of Finland in 1808-09 by Russian forces was the immediate cause of Gustav's violent overthrow by officers of his own army. Following his abdication on 29 March 1809, an Instrument of Government was hastily written, which severely circumscribed the powers of the monarchy. The \"Instrument\" was adopted on 6 June 1809, the National Day of Sweden now as well as in his time. It remained in force until replaced in 1974. The crown (now with strictly limited powers) passed to Gustav's uncle, Charles XIII, who had no children; this want of heirs set into motion the quest for a successor, who was found the following year in the person of Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, the first monarch of the present royal family.", "Q329467": "Henrik Visnapuu (2 January 1890 [O.S. 21 December 1889] \u2013 3 April 1951) was a well-known Estonian poet and dramatist.", "Q273769": "Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield (28 August 1919 \u2013 12 August 2004) was an English electrical engineer who shared the 1979 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Allan McLeod Cormack for his part in developing the diagnostic technique of X-ray computed tomography (CT).His name is immortalised in the Hounsfield scale, a quantitative measure of radiodensity used in evaluating CT scans. The scale is defined in Hounsfield units (symbol HU), running from air at \u22121000 HU, through water at 0 HU, and up to dense cortical bone at +1000 HU and more.", "Q108405": "Jeanette Zwingenberger (born 1962 in Memmingen) is a Paris-based independent art curator. She is a member of the International Association of Art Critics and a UNESCO member of the Advisory Committee on Works of Art (ACWA). She teaches at Pantheon-Sorbonne University. Originally a scholar of Renaissance Art, Zwingenberger specializes in contemporary art and is author of more than thirty books and exhibition catalogues. Zwingenberger writes on art for Kunstmagazin, art press, L\u2019\u0153il and L'Observatoire de l'art contemporain and has organized exhibitions and interdisciplinary art programs on the topics of visual perception, hidden images, language, environments and cannibalism.\nMember of the Scientific Committee, Material & Virtual Bodies: Multimedia Technologies (EVA - Paris) mus\u00e9e du quai Branly \u2013 Jacques Chirac, Paris, France.", "Q232053": "You Can't Win 'Em All is a 1970 British-American war film, written by Leo Gordon (also an actor who appears in the film) and directed by Peter Collinson. It stars Tony Curtis and Charles Bronson.", "Q64243": "Anthony Ulrich (German: Anton Ulrich; 28 August 1714, Bevern \u2013 4 May 1774 (O.S.), Kholmogory), Duke of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg, was generalissimus of the Army of Russia, and the husband of Anna Leopoldovna, who reigned as regent of Russia for one year.", "Q126920": "Dirk Weiler is a German singer, actor, and musical theatre actor.\n\n", "Q307942": "\u00d6zlem Tekin (born November 18, 1971) is a Turkish singer and occasional actress, primarily known for her music. Though she started out in the hard rock genre, her music has progressed to incorporate different styles such as house, punk, pop and Turkish folk music.", "Q3010150": "Video Game High School (often abbreviated VGHS) is an American action comedy web series from RocketJump Studios. It was written by Matthew Arnold, Will Campos and Brian Firenzi and directed by Matthew Arnold, Brandon Laatsch, and Freddie Wong. RocketJump Studios describes the series as \"a show about best friends, first loves, and landing that perfect head shot\". The team at RocketJump chose to make a web series because they \"strongly believe the foundations for the future of digitally distributed content will be laid by web series\".\nSince its release in 2012, the series has acquired a cult following and has been viewed over 150 million times on various online platforms.", "Q34474": "Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (11 December 1918 \u2013 3 August 2008) was a Russian novelist, philosopher, historian, short story writer and political prisoner. Solzhenitsyn was an outspoken critic of the Soviet Union and Communism and helped to raise global awareness of its Gulag labor camp system.\nAfter serving in the Soviet Army during World War II, he was sentenced to spend eight years in a labour camp and then internal exile for criticizing Josef Stalin in a private letter. He was allowed to publish only one work in the Soviet Union, the novel One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962). Although the reforms brought by Nikita Khrushchev freed him from exile in 1956, the publication of Cancer Ward (1968), August 1914 (1971), and The Gulag Archipelago (1973) beyond the Soviet Union angered authorities, and Solzhenitsyn lost his Soviet citizenship in 1974. He was flown to West Germany, and in 1976 he moved with his family to the United States, where he continued to write. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, his citizenship was restored in 1990, and four years later he returned to Russia, where he remained until his death in 2008.\nHe was awarded the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature \"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature\". His The Gulag Archipelago was a highly influential work that \"amounted to a head-on challenge to the Soviet state\" and sold tens of millions of copies.", "Q651059": "Felix Andries Vening Meinesz (30 July 1887 \u2013 10 August 1966) was a Dutch geophysicist and geodesist. He is known for his invention of a precise method for measuring gravity. Thanks to his invention, it became possible to measure gravity at sea, which led him to the discovery of gravity anomalies above the ocean floor. He later attributed these anomalies to continental drift. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society.", "Q337659": "Sir Lionel Alexander Bethune Pilkington (7 January 1920 \u2013 5 May 1995), known as Sir Alastair Pilkington, was a British engineer and businessman who invented and perfected the float glass process for commercial manufacturing of plate glass.", "Q121097": "Curt Gerhard Westphal, stage name Gert Westphal, (5 October 1920 \u2013 10 November 2002) was a German-Swiss actor, audiobook narrator, recitator and director, one of the best-known audiobook narrators and speakers in German, described as \"K\u00f6nig der Vorleser\" (king of recitators) and \"der Caruso der Vorleser\" (the Caruso among recitators). After his reading of her husband's works, Katia Mann called him \"des Dichters oberster Mund\" (the poet's principal voice). The literary critic Marcel Reich-Ranicki said he was probably the best reciter of German.", "Q7833": "Boris Vian (French: [b\u0254\u0281is vj\u0251\u0303]; 10 March 1920 \u2013 23 June 1959) was a French polymath: writer, poet, musician, singer, translator, critic, actor, inventor and engineer. Today he is remembered primarily for his novels. Those published under the pseudonym Vernon Sullivan were bizarre parodies of criminal fiction, highly controversial at the time of their release.\nVian's other fiction, published under his real name, featured a highly individual writing style with numerous made-up words, subtle wordplay and surrealistic plots. His novel L'\u00c9cume des jours (literally: \"The Foam of Days\") is the best known of these works and one of the few translated into English, under the title of Froth on the Daydream.\nVian was also an important influence on the French jazz scene. He served as liaison for Hoagy Carmichael, Duke Ellington and Miles Davis in Paris, wrote for several French jazz-reviews (Le Jazz Hot, Paris Jazz) and published numerous articles dealing with jazz both in the United States and in France. His own music and songs enjoyed popularity during his lifetime, particularly the anti-war song \"Le D\u00e9serteur\" (The Deserter).", "Q379250": "Peter Thomas Ratajczyk (January 4, 1962 \u2013 April 14, 2010), known professionally as Peter Steele, was the lead singer, bassist and composer for the gothic metal band Type O Negative. Before forming Type O Negative, he had created the metal group Fallout and the thrash band Carnivore.As the frontman for Type O Negative, Steele was known for his vampiric effect, towering 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) stature, rich bass vocals, and a dark, often self-deprecating sense of humor. His lyrics have been described as \"often intensely personal, dealing with subjects including love, loss and addiction.\" Steele credited Black Sabbath and the Beatles as his key musical influences. He has been listed among the \"66 Best Hard Rock and Metal Frontmen of All Time\" by Loudwire.", "Q62632": "Ferdinand von Bredow (16 May 1884 \u2013 30 June 1934) was a German Generalmajor and former head of the Abwehr (the military intelligence service) in the Reich Defence Ministry (Reichswehrministerium) and deputy defence minister in Kurt von Schleicher's short-lived cabinet (December 1932 - January 1933).\nHe was promoted to captain in November 1918 and saw active service in the First World War. Bredow was among Schleicher's closest associates, being described by the British military historian John Wheeler-Bennett as a man \"blindly devoted\" to Schleicher. Wheeler-Bennett lived in Berlin between 1927 and 1934 and, as a man well connected to the German ruling class, knew Schleicher and his followers well. Schleicher appointed Bredow as his successor as head of the Ministerial Office in the Defence Ministry, which was the Reichswehr's favorite instrument for exerting influence on politics.Bredow, along with Schleicher, was involved in attempting to enlist Adolf Hitler's support during Schleicher's time as Chancellor between December 1932 and January 1933. Towards the end of this r\u00e9gime, Bredow, as the leader of Schleicher's personal \"information service\" was head of a number of coexisting secret service organizations, among them even the SS's Sicherheitsdienst, which was under Reinhard Heydrich's leadership. As a member of the Schleicher faction, Bredow was dismissed by the new Defence Minister, General Werner von Blomberg, who replaced him with General Walter von Reichenau. In the spring of 1934, Bredow was significantly involved in Schleicher's attempt at a political comeback, displaying what Wheeler-Bennett called a \"lack of discretion that was terrifying\" as he went about casually showing anyone who was interested a proposed new cabinet list. In Bredow's cabinet list, Hitler was to remain Chancellor, Schleicher was to serve as Vice-Chancellor, Ernst R\u00f6hm was to become Defence Minister, Gregor Strasser Economics Minister, and Heinrich Br\u00fcning Foreign Minister. In the overheated atmosphere of the spring of 1934, when it was an open secret that a rift had emerged between the SA and the Reichswehr, it was easy to misconstrue Bredow's scheming to change the cabinet as a plot to overthrow the Hitler government itself, and both Hermann G\u00f6ring and Heinrich Himmler, who were plotting against R\u00f6hm, transformed Bredow's \"irresponsible\" intriguing into a gigantic plot to overthrow Hitler, with the additional twist that the alleged conspiracy of Schleicher and R\u00f6hm had been organized by the French ambassador Andr\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois-Poncet.Bredow, along with Schleicher, was murdered in Berlin-Lichterfelde by SS men from the Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler in the Night of the Long Knives. Bredow was drinking tea on the afternoon of 30 June 1934 at the Hotel Adlon in Berlin, when he heard about the murder of Schleicher that morning on the radio. A foreign military attach\u00e9 present offered Bredow the safety of his embassy, but Bredow refused, saying \"I am going home. They have killed my Chief. What is there left for me?\" Later the same day, Bredow answered his door at his house and was shot in the face at point-blank range. As Wheeler-Bennet later noted, \"...in a moment he had joined his Chief\".\n\n", "Q106428": "Apollo 13 is a 1995 American space docudrama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Tom Hanks, Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Gary Sinise, and Ed Harris. The screenplay by William Broyles Jr. and Al Reinert dramatizes the aborted 1970 Apollo 13 lunar mission and is an adaptation of the 1994 book Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 by astronaut Jim Lovell and Jeffrey Kluger. The film depicts astronauts Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise aboard Apollo 13 for America's third Moon landing mission. En route, an on-board explosion deprives their spacecraft of most of its oxygen supply and electric power, forcing NASA's flight controllers to abort the Moon landing, and turning the mission into a struggle to get the three men home safely.\nHoward went to great lengths to create a technically accurate movie, employing NASA's technical assistance in astronaut and flight controller training for his cast, and obtaining permission to film scenes aboard a reduced gravity aircraft for realistic depiction of the \"weightlessness\" experienced by the astronauts in space.\nReleased to cinemas in the United States on June 30, 1995, Apollo 13 was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture (winning for Best Film Editing and Best Sound). In total, the film grossed over $355 million worldwide during its theatrical releases. The film was very positively received by critics.", "Q158232": "Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine (French: Charles Alexandre Emanuel de Lorraine; German: Karl Alexander von Lothringen und Bar; 12 December 1712 in Lun\u00e9ville \u2013 4 July 1780 in Tervuren) was a Lorraine-born Austrian general and soldier, field marshal of the Imperial Army, and governor of the Austrian Netherlands.", "Q431701": "Carl Abou Samah (Arabic: \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u200e; born April 18, 1979) better known by his stage name Karl Wolf is a Lebanese-born Canadian musician based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He has been a singer, songwriter and producer since 2001, releasing his first solo album Face Behind the Face on MapleNationwide/Universal in 2006, followed by a second album Bite the Bullet in 2007. His third album Nightlife was released in 2009 followed by Finally Free in 2012, Stereotype in 2014 and WOW in 2015. His biggest hit has been a remake of Toto's \"Africa\" sampling from the song and providing new lyrics and arrangements. Through his company, Lone Wolf Management, Karl Wolf also manages a number of new artists. In 2015, he announced a new collaboration under the name BAE (Be All Equal) with Show Stephens, Brenda Mullen and producer MasterTrak. Karl signed a new solo contract in Canada with British Columbia-based Cordova Bay Records as well as two new worldwide deals in Los Angeles, one for a publishing contract with BMG and another Digital \"YouTube\" deal with Collective Digital Studios. He has co-written the OMI hit \"Hula Hoop\".", "Q950762": "Calvin Marshall Trillin (born 5 December 1935) is an American journalist, humorist, food writer, poet, memoirist and novelist.\n\n", "Q54394": "Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0443\u045a\u0430\u043a \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b) is a Serbian American biomedical engineer. She is a university professor at Columbia University, as well as a Mikati Foundation professor of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Sciences. She also heads the laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering at Columbia University. She is part of the faculty at the Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Center for Human Development, both found at Columbia University. She is also an honorary professor at the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy at the University of Belgrade, an honorary professor at the University of Novi Sad, and an adjunct professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Tufts University.\nHer focus is on engineering human tissues for regenerative medicine, stem cell research and modeling of disease. Together with her team she has published over 380 scientific papers, 70 book chapters and three books on tissue engineering. Vunjak-Novakovic has also given 380 invited lectures across the world and is named as co-inventor on 100 licensed, issued and pending patents. Building on these patents she co-founded four biotech companies: EpiBone, TARA Biosystems, Xylyx Bio, and Immplacate Health. Additionally, she is a frequent advisor to the federal government on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.", "Q1414974": "James Sidney \"Jimmy\" Greene, Jr. (born February 24, 1975) is an American jazz saxophonist, gospel musician, recording artist, record producer, and music professor. He started his music career in 1997, and has since released eight studio albums. His eighth studio album, Beautiful Life, was his breakthrough release upon the Billboard magazine charts. It also received his first Grammy Award nominations.", "Q660290": "G\u00e4u District is one of the ten districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, situated in the centre of the canton. It has a population of 21,403 (as of 31 December 2018). Together with Thal District, it forms the Amtei (electoral district) of Thal-G\u00e4u.", "Q32011": "On the Town is a 1949 Technicolor musical film with music by Leonard Bernstein and Roger Edens and book and lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green. It is an adaptation of the Broadway stage musical of the same name produced in 1944 (which itself is an adaptation of the Jerome Robbins ballet entitled Fancy Free which was also produced in 1944), although many changes in script and score were made from the original stage version; for instance, most of Bernstein's score was dropped in favor of new songs by Edens, who disliked the majority of Bernstein's music for being too complex and too operatic for movie audiences. This caused Bernstein to boycott the film.\nThe film was directed by Gene Kelly, who also choreographed, and Stanley Donen in their directorial debut, and stars Kelly, Frank Sinatra, Betty Garrett, and Ann Miller, and features Jules Munshin and Vera-Ellen. It was a product of the Arthur Freed unit at MGM, and is notable for its combination of studio and location filming, as a result of Gene Kelly's insistence that some scenes be shot in New York City, including at the American Museum of Natural History, the Brooklyn Bridge, and Rockefeller Center.\nThe film was an immediate success and won the Oscar for Best Music\u2014Scoring of a Musical Picture, and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Cinematography (Color). Screenwriters Comden and Green won the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Musical.\nIn 2006, the film ranked No. 19 on the American Film Institute's list of Best Musicals. In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"", "Q232047": "Elizabeth Ann Perkins (born November 18, 1960) is an American actress. Her film roles have included About Last Night (1986), Big (1988), The Flintstones (1994), Miracle on 34th Street (1994), Avalon (1990), and He Said, She Said (1991). She is also well known for her role as Celia Hodes in the Showtime TV series Weeds, for which she received three Primetime Emmy nominations and two Golden Globe nominations.", "Q185053": "The Paper Chase is a 1973 film starring Timothy Bottoms, Lindsay Wagner, and John Houseman, and directed by James Bridges.\nBased on John Jay Osborn Jr.'s 1971 novel The Paper Chase, it tells the story of James Hart, a first-year law student at Harvard Law School, his experiences with Professor Charles Kingsfield, a brilliant and demanding contract law instructor, and Hart's relationship with Kingsfield's daughter. Houseman earned an Oscar for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as the professor. Houseman later reprised the role in a TV series of the same name that lasted four seasons (following Hart, played by James Stephens, through his three years of law school).", "Q64257": "Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch (5 February 1714, in Leipzig \u2013 5 October 1786, in Berlin) was a German physician and botanist known for pioneer investigations of plant sexuality and reproduction.", "Q1314285": "William John Keating (born March 30, 1927) is an American businessman and former politician of the Republican party.", "Q34460": "Gwyneth Kate Paltrow (; born September 27, 1972) is an American actress, singer, author, and businesswoman. She has received numerous accolades for her work, including an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Primetime Emmy Award. Her films have grossed $3.3 billion at the U.S. box office and $8.8 billion worldwide.Paltrow gained very early notice for her work in films such as Seven (1995), Emma (1996), Sliding Doors (1998), and A Perfect Murder (1998). She garnered wider critical acclaim for her performance as Viola de Lesseps in the historical romance film Shakespeare in Love (1998) which won her several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actress. This was followed by roles in The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), Shallow Hal (2001), and Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (2004).\nAfter becoming a mother, Paltrow significantly reduced her film workload, making occasional appearances in films, such as Proof (2005), for which she earned a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture \u2013 Drama. In 2009, Paltrow received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for the children's audiobook Brown Bear and Friends and won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her guest role as Holly Holliday on the Fox musical comedy-drama television series Glee in 2011. From 2008 to 2019, Paltrow portrayed Pepper Potts in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.\nSince 2005, Paltrow has been the face of Est\u00e9e Lauder's Pleasures perfume. She is also the face of American fashion brand Coach, owner of a lifestyle company, Goop, and author of several cookbooks. Paltrow has received severe criticism from the scientific community and medical professionals for promoting harmful treatments based on pseudoscience through her company Goop.", "Q6660026": "Liz: The Elizabeth Taylor Story is a 1995 American made-for-television biographical film chronicling the life of British-American actress Elizabeth Taylor, directed by Kevin Connor.The film stars Sherilyn Fenn (as Elizabeth Taylor), Katherine Helmond, Nigel Havers, Angus Macfadyen, William McNamara and Ray Wise. It originally aired in two parts on CBS on May 21 and 22, 1995.", "Q131290": "Ganja (; Azerbaijani: G\u0259nc\u0259 [\u025f\u00e6n\u02c8d\u0361\u0292\u00e6]; Persian: \u06af\u0646\u062c\u0647\u200e) is Azerbaijan's second largest city, with a population of around 332,600. It was named Elisabethpol (Russian: \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c, tr. Yelizavetp\u00f3l', IPA: [j\u026al\u02b2\u026az\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u02c8pol\u02b2]) in the Russian Empire period. The city regained its original name, Ganja, in 1920 during the first part of its incorporation into the Soviet Union. However, its name was changed again in 1935 to Kirovabad (Russian: \u041a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0301\u0434, IPA: [k\u02b2\u026ar\u0259v\u0250\u02c8bat]) and retained that name through most of the rest of the Soviet period. In 1989, during perestroika, the city regained its original name.", "Q234436": "Dame Ninette de Valois (born Edris Stannus; 6 June 1898 \u2013 8 March 2001) was an Irish-born British dancer, teacher, choreographer, and director of classical ballet. Most notably, she danced professionally with Serge Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, later establishing the Royal Ballet, one of the foremost ballet companies of the 20th century and one of the leading ballet companies in the world. She also established the Royal Ballet School and the touring company which became the Birmingham Royal Ballet. She is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of ballet and as the \"godmother\" of English and Irish ballet.", "Q387830": "Joanna Miles (born March 6, 1940) is an American actress. She was awarded two Emmy Awards for her portrayal of Laura Wingfield in the 1973 film production of Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie.", "Q2939081": "Carleton Scott Young (October 21, 1905 \u2013 November 7, 1994) was an American character actor born in New York City, New York and known for his deep voice.", "Q67986": "Rovio is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. Traditionally Rovio has been an agricultural community, raising livestock and growing vines, but today many of its houses are occupied by commuters, largely travelling into the city of Lugano.\nThe entire village of Rovio is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites, whilst the oratory of S. Vigilio is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or a cat rampant guardant sable langued gules. The cat (Italian: gatto) refers to the nickname given to the villagers.", "Q946": "Donald Franciszek Tusk (; Polish: [\u02c8d\u0254nalt fran\u02c8t\u0361\u0255i\u0282\u025bk \u02c8tusk] (listen); born 22 April 1957) is a Polish politician, who was the president of the European Council from 2014 to 2019. He served as the prime minister of Poland from 2007 to 2014 and was a co-founder and chairman of the Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska) political party. On 20 November 2019, Tusk was elected as the president of the European People's Party (EPP), Europe's largest transnational political party.Tusk has been involved in Polish politics since the early 1990s, having founded several political parties and held elected office almost continuously since 1991. Tusk was one of the co-founders of the free-market-oriented Liberal Democratic Congress party. He entered the Sejm (lower chamber of Poland's parliament) in 1991, but lost his seat in the 1993 election which went badly for the Congress.\nIn 1994, the Congress merged with the Democratic Union to form the Freedom Union. In 1997, Tusk was elected to the Senate, and became its deputy speaker. In 2001, he co-founded another centre-right liberal conservative party, Civic Platform (PO), and he was again elected to the Sejm, and became its deputy speaker.He was elected prime minister in 2007 and with his party's victory in the 2011 Polish parliamentary election, he became the first prime minister to be re-elected since the fall of Communism in Poland. In 2014, he became president of the European Council and was re-elected to this position in 2017. He resigned as Polish prime minister to take the role, having been the longest-serving prime minister of the Third Polish Republic.\n\n", "Q578301": "Wilmette is a village in New Trier Township, Cook County, Illinois, United States. Bordering Lake Michigan, it is located 14 miles (23 km) north of Chicago's downtown district (4 mi or 6 km from Chicago's northern border) and had a population at the 2010 census of 27,087. In 2020, Wilmette was ranked by Niche.com as the best place to raise a family in Cook County based on a variety of factors including public schools grade, percentage of residents with a bachelors degree or higher, crime & safety grade, family amenities, walkability grade, percentage of households with children, and access to parks and other recreational activities. \nWilmette is also home to Romona Elementary School, a recent recipient of the National Blue Ribbon award bestowed by the U.S. Department of Education.", "Q5191918": "Cub Records was an American record label, and a subsidiary of MGM Records, which started in 1958 for rhythm and blues releases.Artists who released records on Cub included The Impalas (\"Sorry (I Ran All the Way Home)\"), Jimmy Jones (\"Handy Man\", \"Good Timin'\"), the Stereos (\"I Really Love You\"), and Jimmy Velvit (\"Sometimes At Night\", \"We Belong Together\"). The label lasted until 1968.", "Q69773": "Michael Rolf Kunze (born 9 November 1943, in Prague) is a foremost German musical theater lyricist and librettist.\nHe is best known for the hit musicals Elisabeth (1992), Dance of the Vampires (1996), Mozart! (1999), Marie Antoinette (2006), and Rebecca (2006).\nHe has also written the lyrics for a number of hit songs (under the pseudonym Stephan Prager), including the number one Billboard hit Fly, Robin, Fly (1976) and was one of the top 1970s record producers, including songs for musical acts Silver Convention, Penny McLean, and Sister Sledge. Kunze has won a Grammy Award, ECHO Lifetime Award and holds 79 Gold and Platinum records.\n\n", "Q372311": "Glenn Close (born March 19, 1947) is an American actress, singer, and producer. Regarded as one of the greatest actresses of her generation, she is the recipient of numerous accolades, including three Primetime Emmy Awards, three Tony Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards. Close is a seven-time Academy Award nominee. In 2016, Close was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame, and in 2019, Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world.\nClose majored in theater and anthropology at the College of William & Mary. She began her professional career on stage in 1974 with Love for Love and was mostly a New York stage actress until the early 1980s. Her work included Broadway productions of Barnum in 1980 and The Real Thing in 1983, for which she won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play. Her film debut came in The World According to Garp (1982), which was followed by supporting roles in the films The Big Chill (1983) and The Natural (1984); all three earned her nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Close went on to establish herself as a leading lady in Hollywood with roles in Fatal Attraction (1987) and Dangerous Liaisons (1988), both of which earned her nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress.\nClose won two more Tony Awards for Death and the Maiden in 1992 and Sunset Boulevard in 1995. She won her first Primetime Emmy Award for the 1995 television drama film Serving in Silence: The Margarethe Cammermeyer Story, and she continued a successful career in Hollywood with starring roles in Reversal of Fortune (1990), 101 Dalmatians (1996), and Air Force One (1997), among others. Further television work came for Close in the 2000s, with her portrayal of Eleanor of Aquitaine in the 2003 television film The Lion in Winter earning her a Golden Globe Award. From 2007 to 2012, Close starred as Patty Hewes in the drama series Damages, which won her a Golden Globe Award and two more Primetime Emmy Awards. She returned to the Broadway stage in a 2014 revival of A Delicate Balance. During this period, she received two additional Best Actress Academy Award nominations for Albert Nobbs (2011) and The Wife (2017), winning a third Golden Globe for the latter.\nClose has been married three times, and she has a daughter from her relationship with producer John Starke. She is the president of Trillium Productions and has co-founded the website FetchDog. She has made political donations in support of Democratic politicians, and is vocal on issues such as gay marriage, women's rights, and mental health.", "Q276605": "Jarmila Loukotkov\u00e1 (April 14, 1923 \u2013 October 29, 2007) was a Czech writer who was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia. \nHer father was \u010cestm\u00edr Loukotka.", "Q145511": "James Isaac Dolliver (August 31, 1894 \u2013 December 10, 1978) served six terms as a Republican U.S. Representative from Iowa's 6th congressional district, beginning in 1944. He was the nephew of U.S. Senator Jonathan Prentiss Dolliver of Iowa.\nBorn in Park Ridge, Illinois, to Rev. and Mrs. Robert H. Dolliver, he received elementary education in Illinois schools at Lanark, Pawpaw, Eochelle, Lockport and Joliet before moving to Hot Springs, South Dakota. He graduated from Morningside College, Sioux City, Iowa, in 1915. He taught school at Alta, Iowa, and Humboldt, Iowa, until 1918, when he enlisted in the U.S. Army and was enrolled in signal officers' training school at New Haven, where he was when the First World War ended.Following the conclusion of his military service, he attended the University of Chicago Law School where he became a member of the Delta Chi fraternity, graduating in 1921. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced private practice in Chicago.\nDolliver moved to Fort Dodge, Iowa, in 1922. He served as the County Attorney for Webster County, Iowa from 1924 to 1929, then returned to private practice. He served as member of the school board of Fort Dodge School District between 1938 and 1945. He also served a term as commander of the Iowa American Legion.In 1942, Dolliver ran against Governor George A. Wilson and two others for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate. In the primary election, Dolliver finished a distant third.Two years later, Dolliver ran for the U.S. House for a seat held by Fred C. Gilchrist, an incumbent member of Dolliver's own party who was then completing his seventh term in office. In a primary characterized by light turnout, Dolliver defeated Gilchrist in a close race. He then ran against Charles Hanna in the general election, defeating him handily. Dolliver was re-elected five times before losing in 1956 to Democrat Merwin Coad, in an extraordinarily close race. Coad won by 198 votes, out of over 129,000 cast. In all, Dolliver served from January 3, 1945 to January 3, 1957.\nAfter his loss, he served as regional legal counsel for International Cooperation Administration in the Middle East from 1957 until his retirement in 1959.\nIn retirement, he resided in Spirit Lake, Iowa.\nDolliver died in Rolla, Missouri on December 10, 1978. He was interred in Oakland Cemetery, Fort Dodge, Iowa.\n\n", "Q10749664": "Midwood High School is a high school located at 2839 Bedford Avenue in Brooklyn, New York City, administered by the New York City Department of Education. It has an enrollment of 3,938 students. Its H-shaped building, with six Ionic columns and a Georgian cupola, was constructed in 1940 as part of the Works Projects Administration.", "Q191026": "Sir Francis Galton, FRS (; 16 February 1822 \u2013 17 January 1911) was an English Victorian era statistician, polymath, sociologist, psychologist, anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, and psychometrician. He was knighted in 1909.\nGalton produced over 340 papers and books. He also created the statistical concept of correlation and widely promoted regression toward the mean. He was the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and inheritance of intelligence, and introduced the use of questionnaires and surveys for collecting data on human communities, which he needed for genealogical and biographical works and for his anthropometric studies. He was a pioneer of eugenics, coining the term itself in 1883, and also coined the phrase \"nature versus nurture\". His book Hereditary Genius (1869) was the first social scientific attempt to study genius and greatness.As an investigator of the human mind, he founded psychometrics (the science of measuring mental faculties) and differential psychology, as well as the lexical hypothesis of personality. He devised a method for classifying fingerprints that proved useful in forensic science. He also conducted research on the power of prayer, concluding it had none due to its null effects on the longevity of those prayed for. His quest for the scientific principles of diverse phenomena extended even to the optimal method for making tea.As the initiator of scientific meteorology, he devised the first weather map, proposed a theory of anticyclones, and was the first to establish a complete record of short-term climatic phenomena on a European scale. He also invented the Galton Whistle for testing differential hearing ability. He was Charles Darwin's half-cousin.", "Q113757": "Arno Geiger (born 22 July 1968) is an Austrian novelist.\nGeiger grew up in the village of Wolfurt near Bregenz. He studied German studies, ancient history and comparative literature at the universities of Innsbruck and Vienna. He has worked as a freelance writer since 1993. From 1986 to 2002, he also worked as a technician at the annual Bregenzer Festspiele summer opera festival.\nIn 1996 and in 2004, he took part in the Ingeborg-Bachmann-Preis competition at Klagenfurt.\nIn October 2005, he was the recipient of the first Deutscher Buchpreis literature prize (awarded by the booksellers' association of Germany) for his novel Es geht uns gut.\nFirst published in 2011, Geiger's autobiographical The Old King in His Exile has now, with this translation into English (published by And Other Stories in 2017), been translated into 28 languages. The memoir has won literary prizes including the 2011 Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin Prize, as well as prizes from medical societies in various countries, including the 2011 German Hospice and Palliative Care Association (DHPV) Award.\nGeiger lives in Wolfurt and Vienna.", "Q155702": "RTL (called RTL plus from 1984\u20131992 and RTL Television from 1992\u20132004) is a German free-to-air television channel owned by the RTL Group and is the largest private network in Germany.", "Q239112": "Korinna Moon Bloodgood (born September 20, 1975) is an American actress and model, known for her role as Lt. Blair Williams in the 2009 film Terminator Salvation and as Anne Glass in the TNT television series Falling Skies.", "Q934582": "Katrina and the Waves were a British-American rock band best known for the 1985 hit \"Walking on Sunshine\". They also won the 1997 Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"Love Shine a Light\".", "Q26702": "Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu (French pronunciation: \u200b[a\u0281m\u0251\u0303 \u0292\u0251\u0303 dy pl\u025bsi]; 9 September 1585 \u2013 4 December 1642), commonly referred to as Cardinal Richelieu (UK: , US: ; French: Cardinal de Richelieu [ka\u0281dinal d(\u0259) \u0281i\u0283(\u0259)lj\u00f8] (listen)), was a French clergyman and statesman. He was consecrated as a bishop in 1607 and was appointed Foreign Secretary in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Catholic Church and the French government, becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642; he was succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin, whose career he had fostered.\nCardinal de Richelieu was often known by the title of the king's \"Chief Minister\" or \"First Minister\". He sought to consolidate royal power and crush domestic factions. By restraining the power of the nobility, he transformed France into a strong, centralized state. His chief foreign policy objective was to check the power of the Austro-Spanish Habsburg dynasty and to ensure French dominance in the Thirty Years' War that engulfed Europe. Although he was a cardinal, he did not hesitate to make alliances with Protestant rulers in an attempt to achieve his goals. While a powerful political figure, events like the Day of the Dupes (Jour des Dupes) show that in fact he very much depended on the king's confidence to keep this power.\nAs alumnus of the University of Paris and headmaster of the College of Sorbonne, he renovated and extended the institution. Richelieu was also famous for his patronage of the arts; most notably, he founded the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise, the learned society responsible for matters pertaining to the French language. Richelieu is also known by the sobriquet l'\u00c9minence rouge (\"the Red Eminence\"), from the red shade of a cardinal's clerical dress and the style \"eminence\" as a cardinal. As an advocate for Samuel de Champlain and of the retention of New France, he founded the Compagnie des Cent-Associ\u00e9s and saw the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye return Quebec City to French rule under Champlain, after the settlement had been taken by the Kirkes in 1629. The city would prove to be at the heart of Francophone culture in North America.\nRichelieu has been depicted in popular fiction frequently, most notably as the lead villain in Alexandre Dumas's novel The Three Musketeers and its numerous film adaptations.", "Q2195267": "Francesc Mir\u00f3-Sans i Casacuberta (1918 \u2013 1989) was a Spanish businessman and former president of FC Barcelona. Born in Barcelona, he led the Catalan club from 1953 to 1961. A total of 6 trophies were won during his presidency.\nMir\u00f3-Sans was an entrepreneur in the textile industry. He was a board member of FC Barcelona president Enric Marti. After Mart\u00ed had resigned due to the case Di Stefano, where the president under pressure from the regime of Francisco Francoto find a viable solution for the Argentinian's situation, Barcelona acquired his playing rights from Club River Plate but he would only resume playing River Plate after the 1955 season due the enactment of the Lima pact, Real Madrid acquired his playing rights from Club Millonarios who owned his playing rights until the end of 1954, since no viable solution was reached in act of resignation he ceded the Argentinian soccer star Alfredo di Stefano to the rival club Real Madrid. In 1953 Miro-Sans presented in the elections for president of FC Barcelona with the slogan We want a new stadium and will have!. He found the old Camp de Les Corts too small for the growing status of the club. Mir\u00f3-Sans won the elections on 23 December 1953. After more than 3 years the Estadi del FC Barcelona Camp Nou was finally opened on 24 September 1957.\nIn 1958, Mir\u00f3-Sans was the first club president in history who was re-elected. Some of his decisions, led to criticism within the club. Ultimately, his position was untenable as president on 28 February 1961 and submitted his resignation Miro-Sans.", "Q996123": "Charmaine Margaret Dragun (; 21 March 1978 \u2013 2 November 2007) was an Australian broadcast journalist and presenter. She was a co-anchor on Ten Eyewitness News. Dragun, who had been diagnosed with depression and had a history of anorexia, committed suicide on 2 November 2007.\n\n", "Q206484": "Abeokuta is the state capital of Ogun State in southwest Nigeria. It is situated on the east bank of the Ogun River, near a group of rocky outcrops in a wooded savanna; 77 kilometres (48 mi) north of Lagos by railway, or 130 kilometres (81 mi) by water. As of 2006, Abeokuta and the surrounding area had a population of 449,088.", "Q231228": "Solange Piaget Knowles (; born June 24, 1986), also known mononymously as Solange, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, performance artist, and actress. Expressing an interest in music from an early age, Knowles had several temporary stints as a backup dancer for Destiny's Child, which featured her elder sister, Beyonc\u00e9, among its members, before signing with her father Mathew Knowles's Music World Entertainment label. At age 16, Knowles released her first studio album Solo Star (2002). Between 2005 and 2007, Knowles had several minor acting roles, including the direct-to-video Bring It On: All or Nothing (2006) and continued writing music for Beyonc\u00e9 and for former Destiny's Child group members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams.\nIn 2007, Knowles began to record music again. Her second studio album Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams (2008) deviated from the pop-oriented music of her debut to the Motown Sound of the 1960s and 1970s. It peaked at number nine on US Billboard 200 and received positive reviews from critics. She followed this up with the 1980s pop and R&B\u2013inspired extended play True (2012) on Terrible Records and her imprint Saint Records. Her third studio album, A Seat at the Table (2016) was released to widespread critical acclaim and became her first number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single, \"Cranes in the Sky\" won the Grammy for Best R&B Performance. Her fourth studio album, When I Get Home, was released in 2019.\nKnowles was heavily influenced by Motown girl groups and says that her first passion is songwriting. She is frequently compared by the media to her sister, Beyonc\u00e9, but Solange insists they have different aspirations and are musically different. She has been ranked by Billboard as the 100th most successful dance artist of all-time, and in 2017 was honored with the \"Impact Award\" at Billboard Women in Music. Her other ventures include an endorsement deal with Rimmel London and a line of hip-hop-oriented merchandise for young children. On November 16, 2014, Knowles married music video director Alan Ferguson in New Orleans, Louisiana.\n\n", "Q557484": "Konrad V Kantner (ca. 1385 \u2013 10 September 1439) was a duke of Ole\u015bnica, Ko\u017ale, half of Bytom and half of \u015acinawa during 1412\u20131427 (with his brothers as co-rulers), since 1427 sole ruler over Ole\u015bnica.\nHe was the second son of Konrad III the Old, Duke of Ole\u015bnica, by his wife Judith. Like his one older and three younger brothers, at the baptism he received the name of Konrad, which was characteristic in this branch of the House of Piast. His nickname of Kantner was derived from the town of Kanth (pl: K\u0105ty Wroc\u0142awskie), who was a property of the Ole\u015bnica dukes since 1379.", "Q230136": "Muriel Teresa Wright (October 27, 1918 \u2013 March 6, 2005) was an American actress. She was nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress: in 1941 for her debut work in The Little Foxes, and in 1942 for Mrs. Miniver, winning for the latter. That same year, she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Pride of the Yankees, opposite Gary Cooper. She is also known for her performances in Alfred Hitchcock's Shadow of a Doubt (1943) and William Wyler's The Best Years of Our Lives (1946).\nWright received three Emmy Award nominations for her performances in the Playhouse 90 original television version of The Miracle Worker (1957), in the Breck Sunday Showcase feature The Margaret Bourke-White Story, and in the CBS drama series Dolphin Cove (1989). She earned the acclaim of top film directors, including William Wyler, who called her the most promising actress he had directed, and Alfred Hitchcock, who admired her thorough preparation and quiet professionalism.", "Q259180": "John Randall Hennigan (born October 3, 1979) is an American professional wrestler, actor, and traceur. He is signed to WWE, where he performs on the SmackDown brand under the ring name John Morrison.\nHennigan was the winner of Tough Enough III, a televised competition that would award the winner a WWE contract, and was assigned to their then developmental territory, Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW), to continue his wrestling training. Hennigan was called up to the SmackDown! roster in April 2005 under the ring name Johnny Nitro and on his debut match, Hennigan (as a part of MNM) won the WWE Tag Team Championship. \nAfter making the main roster, Hennigan won the ECW World Championship once, the Intercontinental Championship three times, and is a six-time world tag team champion (one World Tag Team Championship, four WWE Tag Team Championships, and one SmackDown Tag Team Championship).\nAfter leaving WWE in November 2011, Hennigan began wrestling overseas on the independent circuit under several ring names before finding success in lucha libre wrestling promotions Lucha Underground and Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide as Johnny Mundo. In Lucha Underground, Hennigan was a central fixture throughout all four seasons of the show, winning matches in the first and the final episodes of the promotion's history. He is also the second Triple Crown Champion, having held the Lucha Underground, Gift of the Gods and Trios Championship once each. In AAA, he was the promotion's first-ever triple champion, holding the AAA Mega, Latin American, and World Cruiserweight Championships simultaneously. He also (with partners Chavo Guerrero Jr. and Brian Cage) won the 2016 Lucha Libre World Cup. Hennigan signed with Impact Wrestling in 2017, where he was known as Johnny Impact. He headlined the promotion's 2017 and 2018 Bound for Glory events and won the Impact World Championship once. After leaving the promotion in July 2019, he re-signed with WWE in September that same year. He is the only wrestler in history to have been the ECW, AAA Mega, Lucha Underground and Impact World Champion.", "Q1081030": "Christian Marquand (15 March 1927 \u2013 22 November 2000) was a French actor, screenwriter and film director. Born in Marseille, he was born to a Spanish father and an Arab mother, and his sister was film director Nadine Trintignant. He was often cast as a heartthrob in French films of the 1950s.", "Q41799": "Alexander Aronovich Vinnikov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432; born 6 October 1955 in Khabarovsk Krai) is a Russian politician and formerly the governor of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.", "Q237659": "Carole Penny Marshall (October 15, 1943 \u2013 December 17, 2018) was an American actress, director, and producer. She came to notice in the 1970s for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976\u20131983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal.\nMarshall made her directorial debut with Jumpin' Jack Flash (1986) before directing Big (1988), which became the first film directed by a woman to gross more than $100 million at the U.S. box office. Her subsequent directing credits included Awakenings (1990), which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, A League of Their Own (1992), Renaissance Man (1994), The Preacher's Wife (1996) and Riding in Cars with Boys (2001). She also produced Cinderella Man (2005) and Bewitched (2005), and directed episodes of the TV series According to Jim and United States of Tara.", "Q4295637": "Mikhael Mirilashvili (Georgian: \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, Hebrew: \u05de\u05d9\u05db\u05d0\u05dc \u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9; born May 1960) is an Israeli-Georgian businessman and philanthropist, based in Russia and Israel. Mirilashvili\u2019s business enterprises operate primarily in real estate, construction of shopping malls, casino chains, petroleum industry, and renewable energy sectors, as well as in new media (VK.com). Mirilashvili is the president of the Saint Petersburg Jewish Congress.", "Q61449": "Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Victoria Franziska Antonia Juliane Luise; 14 February 1822 \u2013 10 November 1857) was the daughter of Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Maria Antonia Koh\u00e1ry. Her father was the second son of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf.", "Q700570": "The National Committee for a Free Germany (German: Nationalkomitee Freies Deutschland, or NKFD) was a German anti-Nazi organization that operated in the Soviet Union during World War II.", "Q924949": "Alexander Buel (Sandy) Trowbridge III (December 12, 1929 \u2013 April 27, 2006) was an American politician and businessman. He was the United States Secretary of Commerce from June 14, 1967, to March 1, 1968, in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson.", "Q44839": "Carl Amery (9 April 1922 \u2013 24 May 2005), the pen name of Christian Anton Mayer, was a German writer and environmental activist. Born in Munich, he studied at the University of Munich. He was a participant of Gruppe 47. He died in Munich.", "Q725900": "Samuel Joseph Myers (February 19, 1936 \u2013 July 17, 2006) was an American blues musician and songwriter. He was an accompanist on dozens of recordings by blues artists over five decades. He began his career as a drummer for Elmore James but was most famous as a blues vocalist and blues harp player. For nearly two decades he was the featured vocalist for Anson Funderburgh & the Rockets.", "Q194638": "Eug\u00e8ne Arnold Dolmetsch (24 February 1858 \u2013 28 February 1940), was a French-born musician and instrument maker who spent much of his working life in England and established an instrument-making workshop in Haslemere, Surrey. He was a leading figure in the 20th-century revival of interest in early music.", "Q87872": "Hellmuth Hirth (April 24, 1886 \u2013 July 1, 1938) was a German engineer who founded the Mahle GmbH and Hirth companies, manufacturing engine components and complete aircraft engines respectively.", "Q573532": "Anthony Lewis (March 27, 1927 \u2013 March 25, 2013) was an American public intellectual and journalist. He was twice winner of the Pulitzer Prize, and was a columnist for The New York Times. He is credited with creating the field of legal journalism in the United States.\nEarly in Lewis' career as a legal journalist, Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter told an editor of The New York Times: \"I can't believe what this young man achieved. There are not two justices of this court who have such a grasp of these cases.\" At his death, Nicholas B. Lemann, the dean of Columbia University School of Journalism, said: \"At a liberal moment in American history, he was one of the defining liberal voices.\"", "Q287824": "Timothy Leonard Spall (born 27 February 1957) is an English character actor and occasional presenter. He became a household name in the UK after appearing as Barry Spencer Taylor in the 1983 ITV comedy-drama series Auf Wiedersehen, Pet.\nSpall performed in Secrets & Lies (1996), and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role. Subsequently, he starred in many films, including Hamlet (1996), Nicholas Nickleby (2002), Enchanted (2007), The Damned United (2009), The King\u2019s Speech (2010), Ginger and Rosa (2012), Denial (2016), and The Party (2017). He also performed as Peter Pettigrew in the Harry Potter films. \nHe has collaborated with director Mike Leigh, making six films together, including Home Sweet Home (1982), Life is Sweet (1990), Secrets & Lies (1996), Topsy-Turvy (1999), All or Nothing (2002), and Mr. Turner (2014).\nIn 2019 he appeared as Lord Arthur Wallington in the 6-part BBC Cold War drama \u201cSummer of Rockets\u201d.\nHe starred in the television documentary Timothy Spall: ...at Sea (2010\u20132012) and in 2014 won the Best Actor award at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival for portraying J. M. W. Turner in Mike Leigh's biographical film Mr. Turner.", "Q116149": "Rock & Rule (known as Ring of Power outside North America) is a 1983 Canadian adult animated musical science fiction fantasy film from the animated-film company Nelvana. It was the animation studio's first ever feature film. Rock & Rule was produced and directed by Michael Hirsh, Patrick Loubert, and Clive A. Smith with John Halfpenny, Patrick Loubert, and Peter Sauder at the helm of its screenplay. The film also features the voices of Don Francks, Greg Salata, and Susan Roman.\nCentring upon rock and roll music, Rock & Rule includes songs by Cheap Trick, Chris Stein and Debbie Harry of the pop group Blondie, Lou Reed, Iggy Pop, and Earth, Wind & Fire. The story takes place in a post-apocalyptic United States populated by mutant humanoid animals. Though initially underperformed at the box office, the movie has gone on to gain both popularity and a cult following.\n\n", "Q890220": "Benjamin Herschel Babbage (6 August 1815 \u2013 22 October 1878) was an English engineer, scientist, explorer and politician, best known for his work in the colony of South Australia. He invariably signed his name \"B. Herschel Babbage\" and was frequently referred to as \"Herschel Babbage\".\n\n", "Q88599": "Arnold Ehret (July 29, 1866 \u2013 October 10, 1922) was a German naturopath and alternative health educator, best known for developing the Mucusless Diet Healing System. Ehret authored books and articles on dieting, detoxification, fruitarianism, fasting, food combining, health, longevity, naturopathy, physical culture and vitalism. \nIn opposition to medical science that asserts white blood cells are important components of the immune system, Ehret believed that white blood cells were caused by consuming mucus-forming foods, and as waste materials, poison the blood. His ideas about diet and disease have no scientific basis and have been criticized by medical experts as dangerous.", "Q185735": "S. Bear Bergman (born September 22, 1974) is an American trans man, author, poet, playwright, and theater artist whose gender identity is a main focus of his artwork.", "Q64531": "Jakob Kaiser (8 February 1888 \u2013 7 May 1961) was a German politician and resistance leader during World War II.\nJakob Kaiser was born in Hammelburg, Lower Franconia, Kingdom of Bavaria. Following in his father\u2019s footsteps, Kaiser began a career as a bookbinder. It was during this time that he became politically active as a member of a Catholic trade union, through which he became a leader of the Christian labour movement during the Weimar Republic.Kaiser increased his participation in politics by becoming a member of the Centre Party, where he began serving in the role of representative chairman of Rhineland in 1919. He was elected to the Reichstag in 1933.", "Q178848": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame NOH-t\u0259r-DAYM, or ND) is a private Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana, outside the city of South Bend. It was founded in 1842 by Rev. Edward Sorin. The main campus covers 1,261 acres (510 ha) in a suburban setting; it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the Word of Life mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica.\nNotre Dame has consistently been recognized as one of the top universities in the United States, in particular for its undergraduate education. Undergraduate students are organized into six colleges. The School of Architecture is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. The university offers over 50 yearlong study programs abroad and over 15 summer programs. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the six schools, including the Notre Dame Law School and an MD\u2013PhD program offered in combination with the Indiana University School of Medicine. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including the Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. The majority of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 31 residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events, and intramural sports teams. The university's approximately 134,000 alumni are considered one of the strongest college alumni networks in the U.S.The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. Notre Dame is known for its football team, which contributed to its rise to prominence on the national stage in the early 20th century; the team, an Independent with no conference affiliation, has accumulated 11 consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members of the College Football Hall of Fame, and 13 of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Notre Dame teams in other sports, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 17 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as one of the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight songs.\nNotre Dame reached international fame at the beginning of the 20th century, aided by the success of its football team under coach Knute Rockne. Major improvements to the university occurred during the administration of Theodore Hesburgh between 1952 and 1987, as his administration greatly increased the university's resources, academic programs, and reputation; the university first enrolled women undergraduates in 1972. Since then, the university has seen steady growth, and under the leadership of the next two presidents, Edward Malloy and John I. Jenkins, many infrastructure and research expansions have been completed. Notre Dame's growth has continued in the 21st century; its $13.8 billion endowment is one of the largest of any U.S. university.", "Q7199": "Valentin Louis Georges Eug\u00e8ne Marcel Proust (; French: [ma\u0281s\u025bl p\u0281ust]; 10 July 1871 \u2013 18 November 1922) was a French novelist, critic, and essayist best known for his monumental novel \u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu (In Search of Lost Time; earlier rendered as Remembrance of Things Past), published in seven parts between 1913 and 1927. He is considered by critics and writers to be one of the most influential authors of the 20th century.", "Q108377": "Petronilla Melusina von der Schulenburg, Countess of Walsingham (1 April 1693 \u2013 16 September 1778) was the natural daughter of King George I of Great Britain and his longtime mistress, Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal.\nIn 1722, Melusina was created Baroness Aldborough and Countess of Walsingham as a life peer. After the death of her father in 1727, she lived mainly with her mother at Kendal House in Isleworth.\nIn Isleworth, Middlesex, on 5 September 1733 she married Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, a leading Whig politician.\nThe couple had no children, but it is said that \"family letters\" suggest that Melusina may have been the mother, through an intimacy with Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore, of Benedict Swingate Calvert. Calvert was born in England in around 1730\u201332, the illegitimate son of Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore. His mother's identity is otherwise unknown.", "Q32777": "Vladim\u00edr \u0160pidla (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8vla\u025f\u026ami\u02d0r \u02c8\u0283p\u026adla]) (born 22 April 1951) is a Czech politician who served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from July 2002 to August 2004 and as European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities from November 2004 to February 2010. He also served as chief adviser to Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka from 2014 to 2017.\n\n", "Q2378155": "Horace Capron (August 31, 1804 \u2013 February 22, 1885) was an American businessman and agriculturalist, a founder of Laurel, Maryland, a Union officer in the American Civil War, the United States Commissioner of Agriculture under U.S. Presidents Andrew Johnson and Ulysses S. Grant, and an advisor to Japan's Hokkaid\u014d Development Commission.\nHis collection of Japanese art and artifacts was sold to the Smithsonian Institution after his death.", "Q5442753": "A female buddy film is a type of buddy film in which the main characters are females, and the film's events center on their situations. The main cast is often female, depending on the plot. \"The female buddy film is a recent trend in mainstream cinema. Thelma & Louise with its darker themes, remains one of the most notable female buddy films to date and had a similar popular impact as Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in the early 1990s. Similar films also paved the way for onscreen female friendships such as that between Evelyn Couch and Ninny Threadgoode in Fried Green Tomatoes. Other popular duos include those in Waiting to Exhale and Walking and Talking.\"Jonathan Rosenbaum has praised Jacques Rivette's 1974 film C\u00e9line and Julie Go Boating as an example of the genre and wrote that he knows \"many women who consider C\u00e9line et Julie vont en bateau their favorite movie about female friendship.\" Dennis Lim sees the influence of Rivette's film in other female buddy films, such as Susan Seidelman's Desperately Seeking Susan and David Lynch's Mullholland Drive. It was also influential on and referenced in Erick Zonca's 1998 film The Dreamlife of Angels.The genre is crossed with the buddy cop film in the 2013 comedy The Heat, in which a brash police officer (Melissa McCarthy) is teamed with a straightlaced FBI agent (Sandra Bullock). Ghostbusters (2016) directed by Paul Fieg and starring Melissa McCarthy was a remake of the movie Ghostbusters (1984) where the main cast was changed from all male to all female. Ocean's 8 directed by Gary Ross and starring Sandra Bullock, Cate Blanchett, and Anne Hathaway was another film where the cast was changed from male to female.", "Q547867": "The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA; Greek: \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039a\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0391\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, Ethnik\u00f3 ke Kapodistriak\u00f3 Panepist\u00edmio Athin\u00f3n), usually referred to simply as the University of Athens (UoA), is a public university in Athens, Greece.It has been in continuous operation since its establishment in 1837 and is the oldest higher education institution of the modern Greek state and the first contemporary university in the Eastern Mediterranean. Today it is one of the largest universities by enrollment in Europe, with over 100,000 registered students.The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens is an integral part of the modern Greek academic and intellectual tradition.\n\n", "Q260729": "Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton FRS (18 October 1863 \u2013 19 February 1930) was a Scottish consulting electrical engineer, who provided the theoretical basis for the electronic television, two decades before the technology existed to implement it. He began experimenting around 1903 with the use of cathode ray tubes for the electronic transmission and reception of images. Campbell described the theoretical basis for an all electronic method of producing television in a 1908 letter to Nature. Campbell-Swinton's concept was central to the cathode ray television because of his proposed modification of the cathode ray tube that allowed its use as both a transmitter and receiver of light. The cathode-ray tube was the system of electronic television that was subsequently developed in later years, as technology caught up with Campbell-Swinton's initial ideas. Other inventors would use Campbell-Swinton's ideas, as a starting-point to realise the cathode ray tube television as the standard, workable form of all electronic television that it became for decades after his death. It is generally considered that the original credit for the successful theoretical conception of using a cathode ray tube device for imaging should belong to Campbell-Swinton.", "Q67010": "Alto Malcantone is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It was formed on 13 March 2005 from the earlier municipalities of Arosio, Breno, Fescoggia, Mugena and Vezio.", "Q1814319": "Amund Svensson, born 21 April 1978, is a Norwegian musician and composer.\nHe is the co-founder and the main composer of the band The Kovenant, for which he plays guitars and keyboards as well as write orchestrations. He is also involved in his own long abandoned side project Painstation, and has created remixes and orchestrations for Theatre of Tragedy, Mortiis and Deathstars.", "Q261437": "Karen Lancaume (born Karine Bach 19 January 1973 \u2013 28 January 2005) was a French pornographic film actress. She appeared in over 40 pornographic films between 1996 and 2002, all but one being on video. She starred as Nadine in the 2000 film, Baise-moi, a mainstream film in which she performed unsimulated penetration and fellatio.\nShe was a nominee for the Best French Actress Hot d'Or in March 2000.", "Q3072931": "Clement Graham Crowden (30 November 1922 \u2013 19 October 2010) was a Scottish actor. He was best known for his many appearances in television comedy dramas and films, often playing eccentric \"offbeat\" scientist, teacher and doctor characters.", "Q700558": "Peter Planch Madsen (born 26 April 1978) is a retired Danish professional footballer who played as a striker. \nHe began and ended his career with Br\u00f8ndby IF, winning the Danish Superliga three times and finishing as its joint top scorer in 2001\u201302. Abroad, he totalled 63 games and 18 goals in Germany's Bundesliga for VfL Wolfsburg, VfL Bochum and 1. FC K\u00f6ln, and had a brief loan to England's Southampton in 2006.\nMadsen played 13 games and scored three goals for the Danish national team between 2001 and 2005. He was part of their squads at the 2002 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2004.", "Q112307": "Lena Mary Calhoun Horne (June 30, 1917 \u2013 May 9, 2010) was an American singer, dancer, actress, and civil rights activist. Horne's career spanned over 70 years, appearing in film, television, and theater. Horne joined the chorus of the Cotton Club at the age of 16 and became a nightclub performer before moving to Hollywood.\nReturning to her roots as a nightclub performer, Horne took part in the March on Washington in August 1963 and continued to work as a performer, both in nightclubs and on television while releasing well-received record albums. She announced her retirement in March 1980, but the next year starred in a one-woman show, Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music, which ran for more than 300 performances on Broadway. She then toured the country in the show, earning numerous awards and accolades. Horne continued recording and performing sporadically into the 1990s, disappearing from the public eye in 2000. Horne died of congestive heart failure on May 9, 2010, at the age of 92.", "Q432552": "Lawrence \"Kris\" Parker (born August 20, 1965), better known by his stage names KRS-One, and Teacha, is an American rapper and occasional producer from The Bronx, New York. He rose to prominence as part of the hip hop music group Boogie Down Productions, which he formed with DJ Scott La Rock in the mid-1980s. KRS-One is best known for his top hits, \"Sound of da Police\", \"Love's gonna get'cha (material love)\" and \"My Philosophy\". Boogie Down Productions received numerous awards and critical acclaim in their early years. Following the release of the group's debut album, Criminal Minded, Unfortunately fellow artist Scott La Rock was shot and killed, but KRS-One continued the group, effectively as a solo project. He began releasing records under his own name in 1993. He is politically active, having started the Stop the Violence Movement after Scott's death. He's also a vegan activist, expressed in songs such as \"Beef\". He is widely considered as an influence to multiple artists such as 2Pac and Eminem just to name few\ufffc\ufffc.", "Q180665": "Sarah Michelle Prinze (n\u00e9e Gellar; born April 14, 1977) is an American actress, producer and entrepreneur. After being spotted by an agent at the age of four in New York City, she made her acting debut in the made-for-television film An Invasion of Privacy (1983). Her television breakthrough came in 1993, when she originated the role of Kendall Hart on the ABC daytime soap opera All My Children, winning the 1995 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series.\nGellar received widespread recognition for her portrayal of Buffy Summers on the WB series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997\u20132003), which earned her five Teen Choice Awards and a Golden Globe Award nomination, and became recognized as one of the greatest female characters in U.S. television. Her most successful films at the box office are I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997), Scream 2 (1997), Cruel Intentions (1999), Scooby-Doo (2002), Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004), and The Grudge (2004). She headlined the television series Ringer (2011\u20132012) and The Crazy Ones (2013\u20132014).\nIn 2015, Gellar, along with Galit Laibow and Greg Fleishman, founded Foodstirs, a food crafting brand and e-commerce startup selling baking kits, and in 2017, she released her cookbook Stirring Up Fun with Food.", "Q460572": "Liam Cunningham (born 2 June 1961) is an Irish stage and screen actor. He is known for playing Davos Seaworth in the HBO epic-fantasy series Game of Thrones.Cunningham has been nominated for the London Film Critics' Circle Award, the British Independent Film Award, has won two Irish Film & Television Awards, and shared a BAFTA with Michael Fassbender, for their crime-drama short film Pitch Black Heist. His film roles include A Little Princess (1995), Jude (1996), Dog Soldiers (2002), The Crooked Man (2003), The Wind That Shakes the Barley (2006), Hunger (2008), The Escapist (2008), Good Vibrations (2013), Let Us Prey (2014) and The Childhood of a Leader (2015).", "Q184403": "S\u00e3o Bernardo do Campo (Portuguese pronunciation: [s\u0250\u0303w be\u0281\u02c8na\u0281du du \u02c8k\u00e3pu]) is a Brazilian municipality in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo\n. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of S\u00e3o Paulo. The population is 816,925 (2015 est.) in an area of 409.51 km\u00b2.", "Q485298": "Gillian Leigh Anderson, (born August 9, 1968) is an American\u2013British actress. Her credits include the roles of FBI Special Agent Dana Scully in the long-running series The X-Files, ill-fated socialite Lily Bart in Terence Davies' film The House of Mirth (2000), and DSU Stella Gibson on the BBC crime drama television series The Fall. Among other honours, Anderson has won a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. She has resided in London since 2002, after earlier years divided between the United Kingdom and the United States.\nAfter beginning her career on stage, Anderson achieved international recognition for her role as FBI Special Agent Dana Scully on the American sci-fi drama series The X-Files. Her film work includes the dramas The Mighty Celt (2005), The Last King of Scotland (2006), Shadow Dancer (2012), Viceroy's House (2017) and two X-Files films: The X-Files: Fight the Future (1998) and The X-Files: I Want to Believe (2008). Other notable television credits include: Lady Dedlock in Bleak House (2005), Wallis Simpson in Any Human Heart (2010), Miss Havisham in Great Expectations (2011), Dr. Bedelia Du Maurier on Hannibal (2013\u20132015), and Media on American Gods (2017). In 2019, Anderson began playing Jean Milburn in the Netflix comedy-drama Sex Education.\nAside from film and television, Anderson has taken to the stage and received both awards and critical acclaim. Her stage work includes Absent Friends (1991), for which she won a Theatre World Award for Best Newcomer; A Doll's House (2009), for which she was nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award, and a portrayal of Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire (2014, 2016), winning the Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actress and receiving a second Laurence Olivier Award nomination for Best Actress. In 2019, she portrayed Margo Channing in the stage production of All About Eve for which she received her third Laurence Olivier Award nomination. Anderson is the co-writer of The Earthend Saga novel trilogy and the self-help guide book WE: A Manifesto for Women Everywhere.\nAnderson has been active in supporting numerous charities and humanitarian organizations. She is an honorary spokesperson for the Neurofibromatosis Network and a co-founder of South African Youth Education for Sustainability (SAYes). Anderson was appointed an honorary Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 2016 for her services to drama.", "Q96957": "Walter Friedrich Julius K\u00f6hler, (30 September 1897 in Weinheim \u2013 9 January 1989 Weinheim) was Minister President of Baden, Germany during the Nazi regime. K\u00f6hler was born in Weinheim, Baden. He was known as a talented speaker and strict anti-semite. When the Nazis rose to power, K\u00f6hler served under Robert Heinrich Wagner as Minister President of Baden.\nAfter the war, K\u00f6hler was first assessed as uninvolved with the Nazis. Later this assessment was reversed. In addition to a fine, K\u00f6hler was sentenced to three years of imprisonment. Because the time he spent in an internment camp before sentencing was included, he never had to go to prison. \nK\u00f6hler died on 9 January 1989 at the age of 91.", "Q100703": "Friedrich-Wilhelm Kiel (born 17 May 1934 in Berlin-Charlottenburg) is a German politician and member of the FDP.\nKiel studied physics, mathematics and sport at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and became a member of the FDP in 1964 whilst teaching at a gymnasium in Ettlingen, where he later became mayor (1966\u20131970). In 1970, Kiel became mayor of Pforzheim, until 1976, when he was elected to become Lord Mayor of Fellbach, a position he held until 2000.\nFrom 1992 until 2001, Kiel was also a member of the Landtag of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. For his services to the state, Minister-President Erwin Teufel awarded him the order of merit of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg on 5 May 2001. Kiel was made an honorary citizen of Fellbach and the Hungarian city P\u00e9cs, whilst the University of P\u00e9cs appointed him an honorary senator of their educational establishment.\n\n", "Q87682": "Albert Osswald (16 May 1919 \u2013 15 August 1996) was a German politician (SPD). He served as the 3rd Minister President of the state of Hessen from 1969 to 1976 and as the 27th President of the Bundesrat in 1975/76.", "Q235066": "Laura Phillips Anderson (born June 5, 1947) is an American avant-garde artist, composer, musician and film director whose work spans performance art, pop music, and multimedia projects. Initially trained in violin and sculpting, Anderson pursued a variety of performance art projects in New York during the 1970s, focusing particularly on language, technology, and visual imagery. She became more widely known outside the art world when her single \"O Superman\" reached number two on the UK singles chart in 1981. She also starred in and directed the 1986 concert film Home of the Brave.Anderson is a pioneer in electronic music and has invented several devices that she has used in her recordings and performance art shows. In 1977, she created a tape-bow violin that uses recorded magnetic tape on the bow instead of horsehair and a magnetic tape head in the bridge. In the late 1990s, she collaborated with Interval Research to develop an instrument she called a \"talking stick\", a six-foot (1.8 m) long baton-like MIDI controller that can access and replicate sounds.Anderson met singer-songwriter Lou Reed in 1992, and was married to him from 2008 until his death in 2013.\n\n", "Q273033": "Maya Hakvoort (born 19 September 1966 in Nijmegen) is a Dutch musical actress.\nMaya Hakvoort studied singing at the conservatory of Maastricht and acting and dancing at the Kleinkunst-academy in Amsterdam, before she started gathering practical musical experience in the Netherlands, Germany, Austria and Belgium.\nShe debuted in the musical \"Jeans\" in 1989. After numerous minor and greater roles in \"Chicago\", Les Mis\u00e9rables and \"Gaud\u00ed\" she got her most famous role to date in 1994 in \"Theater an der Wien\" as Empress Elisabeth in the German-language musical Elisabeth in Vienna in 1994, replacing Pia Douwes.\nThrough playing the title role in Elisabeth she gained great recognition throughout Europe.\nIn 1999 she played Fantine in Les Mis\u00e9rables in Duisburg, Germany. Then she got the part of \"Rose\" in \"Aspects of Love\" in Bern, Switzerland.\nAs the Swiss didn't want to let her go, she played Milady de Winter in George Stiles \"The Three Musketiers\" in St Gallen.\nBack in her homeland she toured with \"There's no business like Showbusiness\" before she went back to Vienna to play the role of Lisa in Frank Wildhorns \"Jekyll and Hyde\"\nTen months after giving birth to her first child she made a revival as \"Elisabeth\" in Theater an der Wien 2003\nOn New Year's Eve 2004 Hakvoort started touring through Austria, Italy and Germany with her own solo tour: \"Maya Goes Solo\". \nAfter her last performance on 5 December 2005, she started in 2006 in Baden as \"Evita\",\nIn the spring of 2007 Hakvoort and some of her colleagues of the United Stages of Vienna went to Japan to perform the musical Elisabeth there. By now, she has already played the role of \"Elisabeth\" more than 1000 times.\nOn 12 October 2007 her new solo tour \"In My Life\" premiered in Vienna.\nIn 2008 the comedy Musical \"High Society\" as Tracy showed the audience that she had a comic talent.\nIn the beginning of 2009 \"Lilly Vanessy\" in Kiss me Kate in Vienna\nAfter her second child, she was cast by entertainer/singer and producer Alfons Haider in the summer of 2010 for the main role in \"Victor/Victoria\" in Stockerau .\nIn October 2010 she made her way again to St Gallen to play the evil \"Mrs Danvers\" in Daphne du Mauriers \"Rebecca\".\nAfter her 3 Programm \"Maya's musical Life\" she wanted to be accompanied by a big band, so she created a new show, \"This is my Life\" with 10 Musicians.\nIn 2012 she went back to Japan, where she had her finishing night of \"Elisabeth\"\nThis year (2013) she produced \"Voices of Musical\" with Uwe Kr\u00f6ger, Pia Douwes, Lukas, Perman, Marjan Shaki, Ramesh Nair, Sophisticated Showdance Compagny, and The Rounder Girls.\nAnd is having her Premi\u00e8re in M\u00f6rbisch on 30 July 2013. Her 2 show on the 31 August in Bregenz\nAs the Voices of Musical Christmas will be played the winter of 2013 in Graz, Linz, Vienna and Bregenz", "Q110276": "Max Garlieb August Pred\u00f6hl (29 March 1854 in Hamburg \u2013 11 March 1923 in Hamburg) was a Hamburg lawyer and politician. He served as Senator and First Mayor of Hamburg (head of state and head of government).\nThe son of a Hamburg merchant, he obtained a doctorate in law in Leipzig in 1876, and worked as a barrister until 1893. He was also co-editor of the Handelsgerichtszeitung.On 26 June 1893, the Hamburg Parliament elected him to the life-long seat in the Senate vacated with the death of Otto Wilhelm M\u00f6nckeberg, and 1910\u20131911, 1914 and 1917, he served as First Mayor and President of the Senate. He was also Second Mayor in 1913 and 1916.\nHis political career ended in 1919, following the constitutional changes that abolished the legal privileges of the grand burghers. Pred\u00f6hl with the complete Senate of Hamburg, since 18 November 1918 as administration acting only, resigned on 27 March 1919. The Hamburg Parliament did not elect Pred\u00f6hl into the next senate, unlike seven of his fellow senators. \nHe was married to Clara Amsinck, and his mother-in-law was a member of the Gossler family; both families were among the most prominent in Hamburg. His wife's family connections greatly advanced his social position.He was the father of the economist Andreas Pred\u00f6hl, who became Rector of the University of Kiel.\n\n", "Q715155": "Peter Frankl (born 2 October 1935) is a Hungarian-born British pianist. He mainly performs music from the Classical period (particularly Mozart), the Romantic period and the early Modern period. His recordings include the complete solo piano music of both Debussy and Schumann.\nAfter studying at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest, Frankl won several piano competitions in the late 1950s. He made his London concert debut in 1962 and first performed in New York in 1967 when he appeared with the Cleveland Orchestra under George Szell. He also studied with Maria Curcio, the last and favourite pupil of Artur Schnabel. Since then he has appeared as soloist with many other orchestras and conductors. He has been a guest at many international festivals, for example performing the Britten piano concerto with the composer conducting at the Edinburgh International Festival.\nFrankl's repertoire also includes chamber music. Eleanor Warren of the BBC formed a long-term collaboration between Frankl and his compatriot violinist Gy\u00f6rgy Pauk and the American cellist Ralph Kirshbaum. The BBC later commissioned Fourteen Little Pictures by James MacMillan to mark the 25th anniversary of their trio in 1997.Frankl is Professor of Piano at the Yale School of Music in New Haven, Connecticut. He is also Online Master Teacher at iClassical Academy with whom he has recorded several online Masterclasses.", "Q562371": "Oleg Antonovich Gordievsky, CMG (\u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; born 10 October 1938) is a former colonel of the KGB and KGB resident-designate (rezident) and bureau chief in London, who was a secret agent of the British Secret Intelligence Service from 1974 to 1985.", "Q263546": "Viveca Elisabeth Marianne Serlachius Olsson (March 2, 1923 - January 9, 1993) was a Finnish-born Swedish actress, best known as the first actress to play Pippi Longstocking on film, Pippi Longstocking in 1949, when she was aged 26 portraying a 9-year-old girl.She was married to Torbj\u00f6rn Olsson from 1954 until her death in 1993.", "Q339648": "Everybody's Fine (Italian: Stanno tutti bene) is a 1990 Italian drama film directed by Giuseppe Tornatore who co-wrote the screenplay with Tonino Guerra and Massimo De Rita.It won the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury (Giuseppe Tornatore) and was nominated for Golden Palm (Giuseppe Tornatore) at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival. It also won the David di Donatello Awards for David Best Music (Ennio Morricone) and the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists for Silver Ribbon Best Original Story (Giuseppe Tornatore).\nThe film was remade in 2009 as Everybody's Fine with an American setting and starring Robert De Niro, and again in 2016 in China also as Everybody's Fine in 2016.", "Q193619": "The Union of South Africa (Dutch: Unie van Zuid-Afrika, Afrikaans: Unie van Suid-Afrika pronunciation ) is the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into being on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape Colony, the Natal Colony, the Transvaal, and the Orange River Colony. It included the territories that were formerly a part of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State.\nFollowing the First World War, the Union of South Africa was a signatory of the Treaty of Versailles and became one of the founding members of the League of Nations. It was conferred the administration of South West Africa (now known as Namibia) as a League of Nations mandate. It became treated in most respects as another province of the Union, but it never was formally annexed.\nLike Canada and Australia, the Union of South Africa was a self-governing dominion of the British Empire. Its full sovereignty was confirmed with the Balfour Declaration 1926 and the Statute of Westminster 1931. It was governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, with the Crown being represented by a governor-general. The Union came to an end with the enactment of the constitution of 1961, by which it became a republic and left the Commonwealth.", "Q65161": "Wohlenschwil is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q320319": "The Free Will (German: Der freie Wille) is a 2006 German drama film directed by Matthias Glasner. It premiered in competition at the 56th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2006 and was awarded two prizes: J\u00fcrgen Vogel received a Silver Bear for Outstanding Artistic Contribution and director Matthias Glasner received the Prize of the Guild of German Art House Cinemas. The film was also shown at various film festivals throughout 2006 and 2007, and J\u00fcrgen Vogel received Best Actor awards at Chicago International Film Festival and Tribeca Film Festival.", "Q34448": "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0698\u0627\u062f\u200e, romanized: Mahm\u016bd Ahmad\u012bne\u017e\u0101d [m\u00e6hmu\u02d0d(-e) \u00e6hm\u00e6di\u02d0ne\u0292\u0252\u02d0d] (listen)), born Mahmoud Sabbaghian (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200e, romanized: Mahmoud Sabb\u0101ghy\u0101n, 28 October 1956), is an Iranian politician who served as the sixth President of Iran from 2005 to 2013. He was also the main political leader of the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, a coalition of conservative political groups in the country, and served as mayor of Tehran from 2003 to 2005.\nAn engineer and teacher from a poor background, ideologically shaped by thinkers such as Navvab Safavi, Jalal Al-e-Ahmad and Ahmad Fardid, Ahmadinejad joined the Office for Strengthening Unity after the Iranian Revolution. Appointed a provincial governor in 1993, he was replaced along with all other provincial governors in 1997 after the election of President Mohammad Khatami and returned to teaching. Tehran's council elected him mayor in 2003. He took a religious hard line, reversing reforms of previous moderate mayors. His 2005 presidential campaign, supported by the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, garnered 62% of the runoff election votes, and he became President on 3 August 2005.During his presidency, Ahmadinejad was a controversial figure in Iran and other countries. He has been criticized domestically for his economic policies and accused of disregard for human rights by organizations in North America and Europe. Outside of Iran, he has been criticized for his hostility towards countries including Israel, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, and the United States and other Western and Arab states. In 2007, Ahmadinejad introduced a gasoline rationing plan to reduce the country's fuel consumption and cut the interest rates that private and public banking facilities could charge. He supports Iran's nuclear program. His election to a second term in 2009 was widely disputed and led to widespread protests domestically and criticism from Western countries.During his second term, Ahmadinejad experienced a power struggle with reformers and other traditionalists in parliament and the Revolutionary Guard and with Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, over his dismissal of intelligence minister Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i and his support for his controversial close adviser, Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei. On 14 March 2012, Ahmadinejad became the first president of the Islamic Republic of Iran to be summoned by the Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament) to answer questions regarding his presidency. Limited to two terms under the current Iranian constitution, Ahmadinejad supported Mashaei's campaign for president. On 15 June 2013, Hassan Rouhani was elected as Ahmadinejad's successor and assumed office on 3 August 2013.\nOn 12 April 2017, Ahmadinejad announced that he intended to run for a third term in the 2017 Iranian presidential election, against the objections of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei. His nomination was rejected by the Guardian Council. During the 2017\u201318 Iranian protests, Ahmedinejad criticized the current government of Iran.", "Q14867463": "VIVA (abbreviation for: Videoverwertungsanstalt) was a German free-to-air music television channel, first broadcast on 1 December 1993. The channel was intended to compete against MTV Europe and was the first German-language music TV channel, while MTV was only broadcast in English until the introduction of MTV Germany in 1997. It was also supposed to focus more on German music and pop culture while MTV only broadcast anglophone music by artists mostly from North America, the United Kingdom, Ireland and Australia.\nAfter years of competition for audience share, MTV Networks Europe eventually acquired VIVA on 14 January 2005 after it had outrun its own efforts for better ratings. MTV operated VIVA channels in Austria, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Poland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. \nIn June 2018, Viacom announced that it would shut down all Viva operations worldwide at the end of 2018.\nThe channel ceased to broadcast at 14:00 on 31 December 2018, being replaced by Comedy Central.", "Q150652": "William I or Wilhelm I (German: Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 \u2013 9 March 1888) of the House of Hohenzollern was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and the first German Emperor from 18 January 1871 to his death. William was the first head of state of a united Germany, and was also de facto head of state of Prussia from 1858 to 1861, serving as regent for his brother, Frederick William IV. \nUnder the leadership of William and his Minister President Otto von Bismarck, Prussia achieved the unification of Germany and the establishment of the German Empire. Despite his long support of Bismarck as Minister President, William held strong reservations about some of Bismarck's more reactionary policies, including his anti-Catholicism and tough handling of subordinates. In contrast to the domineering Bismarck, William was described as polite, gentlemanly and, while staunchly conservative, more open to certain classical liberal ideas than his grandson Wilhelm II, during whose reign he was known as Wilhelm the Great.", "Q3093503": "Gabriel Arellano Concepcion (born 5 November 1964) is a Filipino actor and businessman. He began his show business career in the 1980s as a teen commercial model and is known for his debonair career in Philippine cinema, spanning several romanticized associations. Currently, he portrays the character \u201cJake\u201d in Love You Two.", "Q316873": "Blutengel (German: Blood Angel) (stylized as BlutEngel) is a German electronic music group formed by singer Chris Pohl (also of the groups Terminal Choice, Tumor, and Miss Construction and the owner of the Fear Section label) after he had to leave Seelenkrank due to contractual and legal problems. The lyrics are written primarily in German and English and are presented with male and female vocals. The themes of the songs usually centre around themes common in Gothic fiction such as love, vampirism, sexual fetishism, death, and immortality. The band calls their musical style dark pop.", "Q1018349": "Charles \"Buzz\" Guarnera (1931 \u2013 February 1, 2004) was an American trumpet and flugelhorn player.", "Q61307": "Ursula \"Ulla\" Schmidt (born 13 June 1949) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). From 2001 to 2009 she was Federal Minister of Health in the German Government. Between 2013 and 2017, she served as Vice-President of the German Bundestag.\n\n", "Q112461": "Dolu (Azerbaijani: Dolu) is a 2012 Azerbaijani war film directed by Elkhan Jafarov based loosely on the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The film stars Mammad Shefa, Rza Rzayev and Elvin Ahmadov.", "Q432234": "Joanna Shimkus Poitier (born 30 October 1943) is a Canadian retired actress. She is the wife of Bahamian-American actor and diplomat Sidney Poitier, and mother of actress Sydney Tamiia Poitier.", "Q816079": "Belly is an alternative rock band formed in Rhode Island in 1991 by former Throwing Muses and Breeders member Tanya Donelly. The original lineup consisted of Donelly on vocals and guitar, Fred Abong on bass, and brothers Tom and Chris Gorman on guitar and drums respectively. The band released two albums during the early 1990s alternative rock boom before breaking up in 1995. They reunited in 2016, and mounted limited tours in the United States and United Kingdom that year. \nAll four original members knew each other from high-school on Aquidneck Island, Rhode Island \u2013 the Gormans and Abong coming out of the Newport hardcore scene (the Gormans having played in Verbal Assault, Abong in Vicious Circle). Donelly had previously been a member of two Boston-based indie rock bands, Throwing Muses and The Breeders. In 1993, their debut album Star was released, and its lead single \"Feed the Tree\" would be Belly's biggest hit song, peaking at number one on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks chart and number 95 on the Hot 100. Several additional singles from the album also appeared on the Modern Rock Tracks chart.\nShortly after the release of Star, Abong left the group and was replaced by Gail Greenwood. The band released their second album, King, in early 1995 and broke up at the end of that year, and Donelly embarked on a long solo career. She reformed Belly in 2016 with the same lineup that had recorded King, and their third album, Dove, was released in 2018.", "Q241081": "Dorothy Ruth Hoogstraten (February 28, 1960 \u2013 August 14, 1980), known professionally as Dorothy Stratten, was a Canadian Playboy Playmate, model, and actress. Stratten was the Playboy Playmate of the Month for August 1979 and Playmate of the Year in 1980. Stratten appeared in three comedy films and in at least two episodes of shows broadcast on US network television. She was murdered at the age of 20 by her estranged husband and manager Paul Snider, who died by suicide on the same day. Her death inspired two motion pictures, the 1981 TV movie Death of a Centerfold and the 1983 theatrical release Star 80, as well as the book The Killing of the Unicorn and the songs \"Californication\" by the Red Hot Chili Peppers, \"The Best Was Yet to Come\" by Bryan Adams and \"Cover Girl\" by the Canadian rock band Prism.", "Q102672": "Christine Neubauer (born 24 June 1962 in Munich) is a German actress and author.\n\n", "Q2734802": "Karl Torsten Kumfeldt (4 January 1886 \u2013 2 May 1966) was a Swedish water polo goalkeeper and breaststroke swimmer. He competed in water polo at the 1908, 1912 and 1920 Summer Olympics and won one silver and two bronze medals. In 1908 he also took part in the 200 m breaststroke event.Kumfeldt won seven national water polo titles with his club Stockholm KK. Between 1910 and 1912 he was secretary of the Swedish Swimming Federation, and spent much effort on preparing swimming venues for the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.", "Q93191": "Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing believers only (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and doing so by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or aspersion). Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul competency (the responsibility and accountability of every person before God), sola fide (salvation by faith alone), sola scriptura (scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice) and congregationalist church government. Baptists generally recognize two ordinances: baptism and communion.\nDiverse from their beginning, those identifying as Baptists today differ widely from one another in what they believe, how they worship, their attitudes toward other Christians, and their understanding of what is important in Christian discipleship.Historians trace the earliest \"Baptist\" church to 1609 in Amsterdam, Dutch Republic with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. Thomas Helwys formulated a distinctively Baptist request that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law, so that individuals might have freedom of religion. Helwys died in prison as a consequence of the religious conflict with English dissenters under King James I. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the First and Second Great Awakening increased church membership in the United States. Baptist missionaries have spread their faith to every continent.", "Q1781257": "Jesper Odelberg (born 23 July 1970) is a Swedish sit-down comedian with cerebral palsy.His appearance on Norwegian television in 2006 with his band, Boys on Wheels, brought him wider fame, when it appeared on various Internet video sharing sites.\nNjjnn\nHis big breakthrough was 1997 in the TV show \u201cSl\u00e4ng dig i brunnen\u201d. He is known for being very self-exposing and often jokes about Cerebral Palsy, CP, since he suffers from it himself.\nHe is brother to the songwriter and artist Joakim Odelberg and he has a sister named Pia Emanuelsson.\nJesper's first stand-up performance was in Ljungskile October 1992 and started working professionally as a comedian 1995.\nHe worked at Backa Teater in Gothenburg during 1994-1998 as a production assistant.\nJesper has toured throughout Sweden, Norway and Finland since 1995. He has also toured as a folk singer together with the pianist Thomas Darelid.\nIn 1998, Jesper did 70 shows performing the \u201cDen onde, den gode och den fule\u201d with Thomas Oredsson, Jan Bylund and H\u00e5kan J\u00e4der under the direction of the Swedish National Theater.", "Q913673": "Underoath (stylized as Under\u00f8ath or UnderOath) is an American rock band from Tampa, Florida. Founded by Dallas Taylor and Luke Morton on November 30, 1997, in Ocala, Florida; subsequently its additional members were from Tampa.They released Act of Depression, Cries of the Past, and The Changing of Times with the band's original vocalist Dallas Taylor. Following his departure, Spencer Chamberlain became lead vocalist. The band then released They're Only Chasing Safety and Define the Great Line, gaining a certified gold rating for both. These two albums have given them more mainstream and commercial success.\nThey have received three Grammy nominations in 2007, 2010 and 2019 respectively and have recorded a live CD/DVD box set entitled Survive, Kaleidoscope, which was released on May 27, 2008. From late February to early May, the band recorded their sixth studio album entitled Lost in the Sound of Separation, which was released on September 2, 2008, and peaked at number 8 on the Billboard 200. Their seventh album, \u00d8 (Disambiguation), was released on November 9, 2010. It was, to date, the only Underoath release without the band's last original member, drummer and vocalist Aaron Gillespie, who had parted ways with the band earlier in the year.On October 2, 2012, Underoath announced that they would be disbanding in 2013. However, they announced their reunion on August 17, 2015.On February 22, 2018, Underoath announced their eighth studio album, Erase Me, would be released on April 6, 2018; their first album in 8 years and their first in 10 years with founding drummer Aaron Gillespie. The first single was \"On My Teeth.\"", "Q690639": "The University of Klagenfurt (German: Universit\u00e4t Klagenfurt or Alpen-Adria-Universit\u00e4t Klagenfurt, AAU) is a federal Austrian research university and the largest research and higher education institution in the state of Carinthia. It has its campus in Klagenfurt.\nFounded in 1970, the university today holds faculties of humanities, management & economics, technical sciences, and interdisciplinary studies. It ranks among the 350 best universities worldwide in the THE World University Rankings, and among the 150 best young universities worldwide (under the age of 50 years) in the QS World University Rankings.The university has defined two areas of research excellence, Networked and Autonomous Systems and Social Ecology (until 2018, transferred to BOKU), with the latter spawning three ERC Grants. It is going to launch a new excellence initiative, Humans in the Digital Age (HDA), in 2019.\nIt also hosts a number of central facilities such as the Robert Musil Institute (co-organizer of the Bachmann Prize), the Karl Popper Kolleg (an Institute for Advanced Study), the University Cultural Centre (UNIKUM), the build! Gr\u00fcnderzentrum (a start-up facilitation center), the University Sports Centre (USI), and the Klagenfurt University Library.\nOliver Vitouch, a cognitive psychologist and former faculty member of the University of Vienna and the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin, is the university's Vice-Chancellor. Larissa Krainer chairs the Academic Senate, Werner Wutscher is chairman of the University Council.\nThe University of Klagenfurt is situated 30 km from the Slovenian and 60 km from the Italian border and supports bi- and multilingualism, especially in the context of the Slovenian minority in Carinthia. Together with the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano (Italy) and the University of Fribourg (Switzerland), it is among the three southernmost universities in the German-speaking world.", "Q259816": "Susan Lynch (born 5 June 1971) is a Northern Irish actress. A three-time IFTA Award winner, she also won the British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 2003 film 16 Years of Alcohol. Her other film appearances include Waking Ned (1998), Nora (2000), Beautiful Creatures (2000), and From Hell (2001).", "Q104203": "Gustav Fuchs (January 2, 1900 - March 31, 1969) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria and Bavarian People's Party. He represented Bad Kissingen in the Bundestag from 1949 to 1961. Between 1964 and 1969 he was a member of the Bavarian Senate.", "Q69983": "B\u00fchl bei Aarberg (or simply B\u00fchl) is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q1151985": "Aiguille de Leschaux (Italian: Aiguille de Leschaux) (3,759 m) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif on the border of Haute-Savoie, France and Aosta Valley, Italy.\nLocated on the eastern side of the Mont Blanc massif on the ridge between Mont Dolent and Grandes Jorasses, the mountain is usually climbed from Val Ferret on the Italian side. The nearest town is Courmayeur.", "Q78656": "August Eigruber (16 April 1907 \u2013 28 May 1947) was an Austrian-born Nazi Gauleiter of Reichsgau Oberdonau (Upper Danube) and Landeshauptmann of Upper Austria. He was convicted of crimes against humanity at Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp and hanged.", "Q952149": "Alex Ross (born 1968) is an American music critic. He has been on the staff of The New Yorker magazine since 1996, and he has written the books The Rest Is Noise: Listening to the Twentieth Century (2007) and Listen to This (2011).\n\n", "Q268413": "Louise Christine Rasmussen, also known as Countess Danner (21 April 1815 \u2013 6 March 1874), was a Danish Ballet dancer and stage actor. She was the mistress and later the morganatic spouse of King Frederick VII of Denmark. She was not a queen consort, but officially styled Countess Danner.", "Q434889": "Bob May (September 4, 1939 \u2013 January 18, 2009) was an American actor best remembered for playing The Robot on the television series Lost in Space, which debuted in 1965 and ran until 1968. May appeared in all 83 episodes inside a prop costume built by Bob Stewart; the robot's voice was dubbed by Dick Tufeld, who was also the narrator of the series.", "Q123870": "Paul Jones (born Paul Pond, 24 February 1942) is an English singer, actor, harmonica player, radio personality and television presenter. He presented The Blues Show on BBC Radio 2 for thirty-two years.", "Q737486": "T\u00f5nu \u00d5nnepalu (born 13 September 1962), also known by the pen names Emil Tode and Anton Nigov, is an Estonian poet, author and translator.\n\u00d5nnepalu was born in Tallinn and studied biology at the University of Tartu from 1980 to 1985. He began his writing career as a poet in 1985 and has published three collections of his works. In 1993 he garnered international attention when his novel Piiririik (English translation: \"Border State\") was published under his pen name 'Emil Tode'. The book was translated into 14 languages and became the most translated Estonian book of the 1990s. In 1994 he was awarded the Baltic Assembly Prize for Literature. \u00d5nnepalu's work often explores topics such as homosexuality, isolation and betrayal.\nIn 1992, his poem \"Inqui\u00e9tude du Fini\" was performed as a choral piece, with notable Estonian composer Erkki-Sven T\u00fc\u00fcr acting as conductor.In addition to writing novels, T\u00f5nu \u00d5nnepalu has translated works into Estonian from the French language by such authors as Fran\u00e7ois Mauriac, Charles Baudelaire and Marcel Proust and has written for such English language publications as the Poetry Society. T\u00f5nu \u00d5nnepalu is also a member of the Board of Governors of the Eesti Maa\u00fclikool (Estonian University of Life Sciences) in Tartu.", "Q48959": "Timothy Lee McKenzie (born 4 January 1989), better known by his stage name Labrinth, is an English singer, songwriter, rapper and record producer. After initially pursuing a career in music production, Simon Cowell signed him to his record label Syco Music as a recording artist, after which Labrinth became the first singer who Cowell signed without having competed on a talent show in six years.Labrinth made his debut appearance on the UK Singles Chart in March 2010, when his collaboration with English rapper Tinie Tempah, \"Pass Out\", reached number one. McKenzie has collaborated with Tinie Tempah on numerous occasions since. Labrinth's first solo single, \"Let the Sun Shine\" was released in September 2010, reaching number three in the same chart. His debut album Electronic Earth, was released on 31 March 2012, having been preceded by the singles \"Earthquake\", featuring Tinie Tempah and \"Last Time\", which peaked at number two and number four, respectively. He achieved his first number-one single in November 2012 with \"Beneath Your Beautiful\", featuring Emeli Sand\u00e9.\nIn 2018, Labrinth created the supergroup LSD, along with Australian singer-songwriter Sia, and American DJ and producer Diplo. They released their first single, \"Genius\", on 3 May 2018, with their second, \"Audio\", being released a week later on 10 May 2018. Their third single called \"Thunderclouds\" was released on 8 August 2018.", "Q237103": "Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de S\u00e9vign\u00e9 (5 February 1626 \u2013 17 April 1696) was a French aristocrat, remembered for her letter-writing. Most of her letters, celebrated for their wit and vividness, were addressed to her daughter. She is revered in France as one of the great icons of French 17th-century literature.", "Q57879": "Johann Ludwig Wilhelm M\u00fcller (7 October 1794 \u2013 30 September 1827) was a German lyric poet, most well known as the author of Die sch\u00f6ne M\u00fcllerin and Winterreise, the famous Franz Schubert song cycles.\n\n", "Q4200360": "The Imperial Russian Archaeological Society (\u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e), originally known as the Archaeological-Numismatic Society, was an archaeological society in the Russian Empire. It was founded in St. Petersburg in 1846.", "Q277527": "Love in Paris (released as Another \u200b9 1\u20442 Weeks in the United States) is an erotic romantic drama film released in 1997, a sequel to 1986's \u200b9 1\u20442 Weeks.\nMickey Rourke stars, reprising his original role as John Gray. Angie Everhart co-stars. This sequel was directed by Anne Goursaud and was released directly to video in the United States, receiving poor reviews.", "Q1150457": "Tommy James (born Thomas Gregory Jackson; April 29, 1947) also known as Tommy Tadger, is an American pop rock musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer, widely known as leader of the 1960s rock band Tommy James and the Shondells.", "Q200977": "Saint Moses the Black (330\u2013405), also known as Abba Moses the Robber, and the Strong, was reportedly an ascetic monk and priest in Egypt in the fourth century AD, and a notable Desert Father. According to stories about him, he converted from a life of crime to one of asceticism. He is mentioned in Sozomen's Ecclesiastical History, written about 70 years after Moses's reported death.", "Q67762": "Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (25 June 1884 \u2013 11 January 1979) was a German-born art historian, art collector, and one of the most notable French art dealers of the 20th century. He became prominent as an art gallery owner in Paris beginning in 1907 and was among the first champions of Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque and the Cubist movement in art.", "Q39178": "Port of Spain (Spanish: Puerto Espa\u00f1a), officially the City of Port of Spain (also stylized Port-of-Spain), is the capital city of Trinidad and Tobago and the country's second-largest city after San Fernando and the third largest municipality after Chaguanas and San Fernando. The city has a municipal population of 37,074 (2011 census), an urban population of 81,142 (2011 estimate) and a transient daily population of 250,000. It is located on the Gulf of Paria, on the northwest coast of the island of Trinidad and is part of a larger conurbation stretching from Chaguaramas in the west to Arima in the east with an estimated population of 600,000.The city serves primarily as a retail and administrative centre and it has been the capital of the island since 1757. It is also an important financial services centre for the Caribbean and is home to two of the largest banks in the region.\nPort of Spain was also the de facto capital of the short-lived West Indies Federation, which united the Caribbean.\nThe city is also home to the largest container port on the island and is one of several shipping hubs of the Caribbean, exporting both agricultural products and manufactured goods. Bauxite from Guyana is trans-shipped via facilities at Chaguaramas, about 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of the city. The pre-lenten Carnival is the city's main annual cultural festival and tourist attraction.\nToday, Port of Spain is a leading city in the Caribbean region. Trinidad and Tobago hosted the Fifth Summit of the Americas in 2009, whose guests included US President Barack Obama and US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.Port of Spain is also home to the biggest and most successful stock exchange in the Caribbean, the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange (TTSE). The iconic Nicholas Tower, as well as other skyscrapers, are well known throughout the region. These buildings dominate the city's skyline. Some of the tallest skyscrapers in the Caribbean are located in Port of Spain.", "Q103578": "Macaulay Carson Culkin (born August 26, 1980) is an American actor, musician, and web host. He is known for playing Kevin McCallister in the Christmas films Home Alone (1990), which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for, and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992).\nAlong with the Home Alone series, Culkin also starred in the films My Girl (1991), The Good Son (1993), The Nutcracker (1993), Getting Even with Dad (1994), The Pagemaster (1994) and Richie Rich (1994). He has been nominated for Kids' Choice Awards, MTV Movie Awards and Young Artist Awards. At the height of his fame, he was regarded as the most successful child actor since Shirley Temple. Culkin ranked at number two on VH1's list of the \"100 Greatest Kid-Stars\" and E!'s list of the \"50 Greatest Child Stars\".He took a break from acting in 1994, and made his return in 2003 with a guest appearance on the television show Will and Grace and a role in the film Party Monster (2003). He wrote an autobiographical book titled Junior, which was published in 2006. In 2013, Culkin co-founded the New York-based, pizza-themed comedy rock band The Pizza Underground, of which he was the vocalist. They toured in 2014, beginning in Brooklyn on January 24, 2014. On July 10, 2016, Culkin stated that The Pizza Underground was splitting up and their next album would be the last. Culkin is currently the publisher and CEO of a satirical pop culture website and podcast called Bunny Ears.", "Q26058": "James David Maslow (born July 16, 1990) is an American actor and singer. He played the role of James Diamond on Nickelodeon's Big Time Rush and is a former member of the boy band with the same name. He also starred as Kevin Mohr on the Sony Crackle original series Sequestered. In 2014, Maslow competed as a contestant on the eighteenth season of Dancing with the Stars, in which he reached fourth place. In 2018, Maslow was cast as one of the celebrity houseguests on the first American edition of Celebrity Big Brother where Maslow finished in 6th place.", "Q3299928": "Matthieu Pigasse (born 1968) is a French investment banker, media proprietor and investor. He currently serves as Lazard's Global Head of Mergers and Acquisitions and Sovereign Advisory, as well as CEO of Lazard France.", "Q83396": "Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (; October 11, 1884 \u2013 November 7, 1962) was an American political figure, diplomat and activist. She served as the First Lady of the United States from March 4, 1933, to April 12, 1945, during her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms in office, making her the longest-serving First Lady of the United States. Roosevelt served as United States Delegate to the United Nations General Assembly from 1945 to 1952.President Harry S. Truman later called her the \"First Lady of the World\" in tribute to her human rights achievements.Roosevelt was a member of the prominent American Roosevelt and Livingston families and a niece of President Theodore Roosevelt. She had an unhappy childhood, having suffered the deaths of both parents and one of her brothers at a young age. At 15, she attended Allenwood Academy in London and was deeply influenced by its headmistress Marie Souvestre. Returning to the U.S., she married her fifth cousin once removed, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, in 1905. The Roosevelts' marriage was complicated from the beginning by Franklin's controlling mother, Sara, and after Eleanor discovered her husband's affair with Lucy Mercer in 1918, she resolved to seek fulfillment in leading a public life of her own. She persuaded Franklin to stay in politics after he was stricken with a paralytic illness in 1921, which cost him the normal use of his legs, and began giving speeches and appearing at campaign events in his place. Following Franklin's election as Governor of New York in 1928, and throughout the remainder of Franklin's public career in government, Roosevelt regularly made public appearances on his behalf, and as First Lady, while her husband served as President, she significantly reshaped and redefined the role of First Lady.\nThough widely respected in her later years, Roosevelt was a controversial First Lady at the time for her outspokenness, particularly on civil rights for African-Americans. She was the first presidential spouse to hold regular press conferences, write a daily newspaper column, write a monthly magazine column, host a weekly radio show, and speak at a national party convention. On a few occasions, she publicly disagreed with her husband's policies. \nShe launched an experimental community at Arthurdale, West Virginia, for the families of unemployed miners, later widely regarded as a failure. She advocated for expanded roles for women in the workplace, the civil rights of African Americans and Asian Americans, and the rights of World War II refugees. Following her husband's death in 1945, Roosevelt remained active in politics for the remaining 17 years of her life. She pressed the United States to join and support the United Nations and became its first delegate. She served as the first chair of the UN Commission on Human Rights and oversaw the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. \nLater, she chaired the John F. Kennedy administration's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women. By the time of her death, Roosevelt was regarded as \"one of the most esteemed women in the world\"; The New York Times called her \"the object of almost universal respect\" in an obituary.In 1999, she was ranked ninth in the top ten of Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century.", "Q538719": "Gita Mehta (n\u00e9e Patnaik; born 1943) is an Indian writer and documentary filmmaker.", "Q58592": "Daniel C\u00e9sar Martin Gonz\u00e1lez Br\u00fchl Domingo (German pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u0281y\u02d0l-]; born 16 June 1978) is a Spanish-German actor. He began his work at a young age in a German soap opera called Verbotene Liebe in 1995. In 2003, his starring role in the German film Good Bye, Lenin! received wider recognition and critical acclaim which garnered him the European Film Award for Best Actor and the German Film Award for Best Actor. Br\u00fchl has worked in both European and American productions in several different languages.\nHe was introduced to mainstream U.S. audiences with his breakout role of Fredrick Zoller, a German war hero in Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds (2009), and appeared in such films as The Bourne Ultimatum (2007), The Fifth Estate (2013) and A Most Wanted Man (2014). Br\u00fchl received widespread critical acclaim and further recognition for his portrayal of former Formula 1 driver Niki Lauda in the Ron Howard biographical film Rush (2013). In 2016, Br\u00fchl made his Marvel Cinematic Universe debut in Captain America: Civil War (2016), portraying Helmut Zemo. Br\u00fchl will return to portray the role in the upcoming Disney+ series, The Falcon and the Winter Soldier (2020).", "Q332709": "Giovanni Spadolini (21 June 1925 \u2013 4 August 1994) was a Republican Italian politician, the 44th Prime Minister of Italy, the first since 1945 to not to be a member of Christian Democracy, and a newspaper editor, journalist and a historian.\n\n", "Q1375653": "Shane Gallagher is a musician who played guitar for rock/alternative band +44, punk band Mercy Killers, and formerly The Nervous Return.", "Q1645215": "Inglewood Park Cemetery, 720 East Florence Avenue in Inglewood, California, was founded in 1905.\n A number of notable people, including entertainment and sports personalities, have been interred or entombed there.", "Q263552": "Ana Maria Machado (born 24 December 1941) is a Brazilian writer of children's books, one of the most significant alongside Lygia Bojunga Nunes and Ruth Rocha. She received the international Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 2000 for her \"lasting contribution to children's literature\".", "Q24897": "Najaf Daryabandari (Persian: \u0646\u062c\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u200e; b. 23 August 1929) is an Iranian writer and translator of works from English into Persian. He started translation at the age of 17-18 with the book of William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily. He and his wife Fahimeh Rastkar, are also the authors of From Garlic to Onion, a two-volume tome on Iranian cuisine that have collected the diverse dishes of the country.Najaf is the son of Captain Khalaf Daryabandari, one of the first marine pilots of Iran. The Iranian Merchant Mariners' Syndicate held a commemoration ceremony for Najaf Daryabandari and awarded him a replica of Darius the Great\u2019s Suez Inscriptions.", "Q214902": "Arkadi Maslow (Ukrainian: \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432; Russian: \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432), born Isaak Yefimowich Chemerinsky (Ukrainian: \u0406\u0441\u0430\u0430\u043a \u042e\u0445\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439; Russian: \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0430\u043a \u0415\u0444\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) (March 9, 1891 in Jelisawetgrad, Ukraine \u2013 November 20, 1941 in Havana, Cuba) was a communist politician.", "Q170596": "Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence, (16 August 1888 \u2013 19 May 1935) was a British archaeologist, army officer, diplomat, and writer. He was renowned for his role in the Arab Revolt and the Sinai and Palestine Campaign against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. The breadth and variety of his activities and associations, and his ability to describe them vividly in writing, earned him international fame as Lawrence of Arabia, a title used for the 1962 film based on his wartime activities.\nHe was born out of wedlock in August 1888 to Sarah Junner, a governess, and Thomas Chapman, an Anglo-Irish landowner. Chapman left his wife and family in Ireland to cohabit with Junner. Chapman and Junner called themselves Mr and Mrs Lawrence, the surname of Sarah's likely father; her mother had been employed as a servant for a Lawrence family when she became pregnant with Sarah. In 1896, the Lawrences moved to Oxford, where Thomas attended the High School and then studied history at Jesus College from 1907 to 1910. Between 1910 and 1914, he worked as an archaeologist for the British Museum, chiefly at Carchemish in Ottoman Syria.\nSoon after the outbreak of war, he volunteered for the British Army and was stationed in Egypt. In 1916, he was sent to Arabia on an intelligence mission and quickly became involved with the Arab Revolt as a liaison to the Arab forces, along with other British officers. He worked closely with Emir Faisal, a leader of the revolt, and he participated, sometimes as leader, in military actions against the Ottoman armed forces, culminating in the capture of Damascus in October 1918.\nAfter the war, Lawrence joined the Foreign Office, working with the British government and with Faisal. In 1922, he retreated from public life and spent the years until 1935 serving as an enlisted man, mostly in the Royal Air Force, with a brief period in the Army. During this time, he published his best-known work Seven Pillars of Wisdom, an autobiographical account of his participation in the Arab Revolt. He also translated books into English and wrote The Mint, which detailed his time in the Royal Air Force working as an ordinary aircraftman. He corresponded extensively and was friendly with well-known artists, writers, and politicians. For the RAF, he participated in the development of rescue motorboats.\nLawrence's public image resulted in part from the sensationalised reporting of the Arab revolt by American journalist Lowell Thomas, as well as from Seven Pillars of Wisdom. In 1935, Lawrence was fatally injured in a motorcycle accident in Dorset.", "Q3334710": "Nabil G. Seidah, (born 1949) is a Canadian Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois scientist. Born in Egypt, he was educated at Cairo University, and subsequently at Georgetown University where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1973. He emigrated to Canada and has been working at the Clinical Research Institute of Montreal (IRCM) since 1974. He is the director of the laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology. He discovered and cloned seven (PC1, PC2, PC4, PC5, PC7, SKI-1 and PCSK9) of the nine known enzymes belonging to the convertase family. During this period, he also greatly contributed to demonstrating that the proteolysis by the proprotein convertases is a wide mechanism that also concerns \u201cnon-neuropeptide\u201d proteins such as growth factors, \u03b1-integrins, receptors, enzymes, membrane-bound transcription factors, and bacterial and viral proteins. In 2003, he discovered PCSK9 and showed that point mutations in the PCSK9 gene cause dominant familial hypercholesterolemia, likely because of a gain of function related to the ability of PCSK9 to enhance the degradation of cell surface receptors, such as the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). He has since worked on the elucidation of the functions and mechanisms of action of PCSK9 both in cells and in vivo, and is developing specific PCSK9 inhibitors.", "Q7896094": "The University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design is the design school of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It offers degrees in architecture, landscape architecture, city and regional planning, historic preservation, and fine arts, as well as several dual degrees with other graduate schools at the University of Pennsylvania. Formerly known as PennDesign, it was renamed after Stuart Weitzman donated an undisclosed sum. Students criticized the renaming for the lack of student input, the lack of transparency, and the irrelevance of fashion designer Weitzman to the school's academic curriculum, which does not include fashion design.", "Q853531": "Istv\u00e1n B\u00e1r\u00e1ny (20 December 1907 \u2013 21 February 1995) was a Hungarian swimmer who competed at the 1924, 1928 and 1932 Summer Olympics.\nIn 1924 he was twelfth in the 100 m freestyle. Four years later he won a silver medal in 100 m freestyle and was fourth in the 4\u00d7200 m freestyle relay. In 1932, he won a bronze medal in the 4\u00d7200 m freestyle relay and was eliminated in a semifinal of 100 m freestyle.Between 1926 and 1931 B\u00e1r\u00e1ny won four European titles. In 1929 he became the second person, after Johnny Weissmuller, to swim 100 m within a minute. B\u00e1r\u00e1ny held a PhD in law and political science. From 1957 to 1959 he served as the general secretary of the Hungarian Swimming Association. He was also a national coach and an international referee and wrote more than 30 books on swimming. In 1978 he was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.", "Q80847": "Fernando \u00c1lvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3rd Duke of Alba (29 October 1507 \u2013 11 December 1582), known as the Grand Duke of Alba (Spanish: Gran Duque de Alba, Portuguese: Gr\u00e3o Duque de Alba) in Spain and Portugal and as the Iron Duke (Dutch: IJzeren Hertog) in the Netherlands, was a Spanish noble, general, and diplomat. He was titled the 3rd Duke of Alba de Tormes, 4th Marquess of Coria, 3rd Count of Salvatierra de Tormes, 2nd Count of Piedrahita, 8th Lord of Valdecorneja, Grandee of Spain, and a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece. His motto in Latin was Deo patrum Nostrorum, which in English means \"To the God of our fathers\".\nHe was an adviser of King Charles I of Spain (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor), and his successor, Philip II of Spain, Mayordomo mayor of both, member of their Councils of State and War, governor of the Duchy of Milan (1555\u20131556), viceroy of the Kingdom of Naples (1556\u20131558), governor of the Netherlands (1567\u20131573) and viceroy and constable of the Kingdom of Portugal (1580\u20131582). He represented Philip II in negotiating Philip's betrothal to Elisabeth of Valois and Anna of Austria, who were the third and fourth, and last, wives of the king.\nBy some historians he is considered the most effective general of his generation as well as one of the greatest in military history. Although a tough leader, he was respected by his troops. He touched their sentiments e.g. by addressing them in his speeches as \"gentlemen soldiers\" (se\u00f1ores soldados), but was also popular among them for daring statements such as:\n\nKings use men like oranges, first they squeeze the juice and then throw away the peel.\nAlba especially distinguished himself in the conquest of Tunis (1535) during the Ottoman-Habsburg wars when Carlos I defeated Hayreddin Barbarossa and returned the Spanish Monarchy to predominance over the western Mediterranean Sea. He also distinguished himself in the battle of M\u00fchlberg (1547), where the army of Emperor Charles defeated the German Protestant princes.\nOn December 26, 1566 he received the Golden Rose, the blessed sword and hat granted by Pope Pius V, through the papal brief Solent Romani Pontifices, in recognition of his singular efforts in favor of Catholicism and for being considered one of his championsHe is best known for his actions against the revolt of the Netherlands, where he instituted the Council of Troubles, and repeatedly defeated the troops of William of Orange and Louis of Nassau during the first stages of the Eighty Years' War. He is also known for the brutalities during the capture of Mechelen, Zutphen, Naarden and Haarlem. In spite of these military successes, the Dutch revolt was not broken and Alba was recalled to Spain. His last military successes were in the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580, winning the Battle of Alcantara and conquering that kingdom for Philip II. Spain unified all the kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula and consequently expanded its overseas territories.", "Q233365": "Catherine Anne O'Hara (born March 4, 1954) is a Canadian-American actress, writer, and comedian. She first drew notice as an actress in 1974 as a member of The Second City improvisational comedy troupe in Toronto. She landed her first significant television role in 1975 starring opposite John Candy and Dan Aykroyd in the main cast of the Canadian sitcom Coming Up Rosie (1975\u20131978). The following year, she and Candy began work on the sketch comedy series Second City Television (1976\u201384), where she drew critical acclaim for both her work as a comedic actress and writer, winning a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series in 1981. \nO'Hara has appeared in several films directed by Tim Burton, beginning with the role of Delia Deetz in the 1988 fantasy comedy film Beetlejuice. Other roles she has portrayed in Burton films include the voices of Sally/Shock in The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) and Susan Frankenstein in Frankenweenie (2012). O'Hara has also frequently collaborated with director and writer Christopher Guest, appearing in the mockumentary films Waiting for Guffman (1996), Best in Show (2000), A Mighty Wind (2003), and For Your Consideration (2006). In 2000, she won a Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role for the crime drama film The Life Before This. She is also known to audiences for her role as Kate McCallister, the mother of Kevin, in the holiday comedy film Home Alone (1990) and its sequel, Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992).\nIn 2010, O'Hara was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie and the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Series, Miniseries or Television Film for her portrayal of Aunt Ann in Temple Grandin, opposite Claire Danes. For her work on the television series Schitt's Creek (2015\u20132020), she has won four consecutive Canadian Screen Awards for Best Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and earned a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, the first of her career.\nHer other notable television appearances include the recurring roles of Dr. Georgina Orwell in the Netflix series A Series of Unfortunate Events and Carol Ward in Six Feet Under, and the voices of Jackie Martin in Glenn Martin, DDS, Miss Malone in The Completely Mental Misadventures of Ed Grimley, Kaossandra in Skylanders Academy and Liz Larsen in Committed. She has also hosted Saturday Night Live twice during her career and made numerous guest appearances on sitcoms, variety shows, and late night television.", "Q3197003": "King Edward's School (KES) is an independent day school for boys in Edgbaston, an area of Birmingham, England. Founded by King Edward VI in 1552, it is part of the Foundation of the Schools of King Edward VI in Birmingham.\nIt is a boys' school, although it shares the site, and is twinned, with King Edward VI High School for Girls (KEHS). Whilst the two schools are run completely separately, dramatic arts, societies, music and other events are often shared; the schools also share a couple of hockey pitches and several clubs. The shared area is called Winterbourne after the nearby Winterbourne Botanic Garden.", "Q3016509": "Darren Garforth (born 9 April 1966) is a former international rugby union footballer who played tighthead prop for Leicester Tigers and England.\nGarforth was born in Coventry, signed for Leicester Tigers and made his Leicester debut against Northampton Saints in 1991. He would go on to make over 300 appearances for the club. Wearing the C shirt, as part of the ABC club with Graham Rowntree (A) and Richard Cockerill (B). He was an important part of Tigers side which won the English league four times and the Heineken Cup twice.Garforth made his England debut on 15 March 1997 against Wales. Garforth was eventually dropped from the England side in favour of Phil Vickery, but would continue to make some caps, his 25th and final cap coming against Italy in 2000.\nHe was offered the chance to tour North America with England in 2001 but turned down the opportunity, which went to Leicester teammate Ricky Nebbett instead.\nAfter leaving Leicester in 2003, he moved to second division Nuneaton as player-coach. Tigers signed England prop Julian White as a replacement.", "Q81581": "Szeged ( SEG-ed, Hungarian: [\u02c8s\u025b\u0261\u025bd] (listen); see also other alternative names) is the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat of Csongr\u00e1d county. The University of Szeged is one of the most distinguished universities in Hungary.\nThe famous Szeged Open Air (Theatre) Festival (first held in 1931) is one of the main attractions, held every summer and celebrated as the Day of the City on 21 May.", "Q1363031": "Jean-Jacques Dordain (born 14 April 1946) was Director General of the European Space Agency between 2003 and 2015.\nGraduating at \u00c9cole Centrale Paris in 1968, Dordain began his scientific career in the French Aerospace Research Agency (ONERA) and later worked as a professor at the National Higher School of Aeronautics and Aerospace in the 1970s and 1980s. He has conducted extensive research in rocket engines and microgravity experiments. He was also a European astronaut candidate.In 1998 he was Executive Secretary at the Japanese Space Agency (then NASDA, now JAXA) and later started as Director of Launchers at ESA, where he became Director General in July 2003.\nHe also holds the honorary function of Chancellor of the International Space University.On 1 July 2015, he was succeeded as Director General of the ESA by Johann-Dietrich Woerner of Germany.", "Q65613": "Emil Friedrich Kautzsch (4 September 1841 \u2013 7 May 1910) was a German Hebrew scholar and biblical critic, born at Plauen, Saxony.", "Q255786": "Grace Ethel Cecile Rosalie Allen (July 26, 1895 \u2013 August 27, 1964) was an American vaudevillian and comedian who became internationally famous as the zany partner and comic foil of husband George Burns, her straight man appearing with her on radio, television and film as the duo Burns and Allen.\nFor her contributions to the television industry, Gracie Allen was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6672 Hollywood Boulevard, while she and Burns were inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1988.\nCo-star Bea Benaderet said of Allen in 1966: \"She was probably one of the greatest actresses of our time.\"", "Q888453": "Robert Kenneth Beausoleil (born November 6, 1947) is an American murderer who was given the death sentence for killing his friend Gary Hinman, a fellow associate of Charles Manson and members of his communal \"Family\", on July 27, 1969. He was later granted commutation to a life sentence when the Supreme Court of California issued a ruling that invalidated all death sentences issued in California prior to 1972.\nDuring his incarceration in the California state prison system, Beausoleil has recorded and released music along with working on visual art, instrument design and media technology. Although a parole board recommended him for parole in January 2019 in his 19th hearing for eligibility, the recommendation was denied by the Governor of California.", "Q887760": "Bob Astor (born Robert E. Dade, October 5, 1915, New Orleans) was an American jazz and dance bandleader and songwriter, principally active in the 1940s.\nAstor led groups in New Orleans and east Texas before moving to the Los Angeles area at the end of the 1930s. He put together a new ensemble in 1940 in Hermosa Beach, which was, according to big band historian Leo Walker, \"perhaps the first West Coast band to feature black musicians\". The group toured nationwide and was perhaps more successful in the Eastern US; it also played on radio, including on the program The Fitch Bandwagon. Astor's sidemen included Shelly Manne, Zoot Sims, Les Elgart, Larry Elgart, Illinois Jacquet, Dave Pell, Marty Napoleon, Neal Hefti, Irv Levin, Irv Kluger, and others; Jo Napoleon was a vocalist. He also wrote songs, often as a team with his pianist, George Williams. Astor was in negotiations to record with Decca Records in 1942 when the AFM Musicians' Strike was called; as a result, he never cut any recordings. Astor left conducting soon after and pursued a career as a radio disc jockey in California. In the 1960s he worked as a talent agent for the Shaw Agency in New York, and was involved in the organization of the 1964 American tour of The Beatles.", "Q946896": "Viscount L\u00e9on de Poncins (3 November 1897 \u2013 18 December 1975) was a French aristocrat and a traditional Catholic journalist and essayist. He authored numerous books and articles advancing a Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory.\nL\u00e9on de Poncins' explanation for most of the major revolutionary political upheavals of modernity was the influence of certain secret societies with an anti-Christian agenda \u2014 as well as a \"occult war\" waged by those possessing a diabolical kind of \"faith\".", "Q96943": "Heinz Kahlau (6 February 1931 - 6 April 2012) was a German writer.He is remembered as one of the best known lyric poets in the German Democratic Republic. He wrote song lyrics, dramas and prose pieces. He was particularly well known for his popular love poems. At the time of his death the Leipziger Volkszeitung (newspaper) reported that around four million copies of volumes of his poetry had been sold.", "Q274748": "The Hangover Part II is a 2011 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the sequel to the 2009 film The Hangover and the second installment in The Hangover trilogy. Directed by Todd Phillips, who co-wrote the script with Craig Mazin and Scot Armstrong, the film stars Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Zach Galifianakis, Ken Jeong, Jeffrey Tambor, Justin Bartha, and Paul Giamatti.\nIt tells the story of Phil, Stu, Alan, and Doug as they travel to Thailand for Stu's wedding. After the bachelor party in Las Vegas, Stu takes no chances and opts for a safe, subdued pre-wedding brunch. Things do not go as planned, resulting in another bad hangover with no memories of the previous night.\nDevelopment began in April 2009, two months before The Hangover was released. The principal actors were cast in March 2010 to reprise their roles from the first film. Production began in October 2010, in Ontario, California, before moving on location in Thailand. The film was released on May 26, 2011 and became the highest-grossing R-rated comedy during its theatrical run.\nA third and final installment, The Hangover Part III, was released on May 23, 2013.", "Q235072": "Marley Eve Shelton (born April 12, 1974) is an American actress. She made her film debut in Grand Canyon (1991), and followed with a line of roles in films aimed at teenage audiences, including The Sandlot (1993), Pleasantville (1998), Never Been Kissed (1999), Sugar & Spice (2001) and Valentine (2001). Shelton has found larger recognition for her appearances in Sin City (2005), Grindhouse (2007) and Scream 4 (2011), and has also starred in numerous independent films throughout her career, including Just a Kiss (2002), Grand Theft Parsons (2003), Women in Trouble (2009), (Untitled) (2009), Elektra Luxx (2010), The Mighty Macs (2011), and Decoding Annie Parker (2014). She also starred in the short-lived Lifetime show The Lottery (2014).", "Q89863": "Friedrich Maria \"Fritz\" Tarbuk von Sensenhorst, aka Friedrich Maria von Tarbuk-Sensenhorst (16 August 1896, Brixen, South Tyrol, Austro-Hungarian Empire \u2013 1 March 1976, Kitzb\u00fchel, Tyrol, Italy) was a lieutenant in the Imperial Austro-Hungarian Navy and captain in the Army, as well as an entrepreneur/businessman (founded F.M. Tarbuk & Co.), one of the most important businesses in the motor trade in Austria and CEE until the beginning of the 21st century.", "Q18808": "Pyongyang, P'y\u014fngyang or Pyeongyang (US: , UK: , Korean: [p\u02b0j\u028c\u014b.ja\u014b]), is the capital and largest city of North Korea. Pyongyang is located on the Taedong River about 109 kilometers (68 mi) upstream from its mouth on the Yellow Sea. According to the 2008 population census, it has a population of 3,255,288. Pyongyang is a directly-administered city (\uc9c1\ud560\uc2dc; \u76f4\u8f44\u5e02; chikhalsi) with equal status to North Korean provinces.\nPyongyang is considered one of the oldest cities in Korea. It was the capital of two ancient Korean kingdoms, including Gojoseon and Goguryeo, and served as the secondary capital of Goryeo. Much of the city was destroyed during the First Sino-Japanese War, but it was revived under Japanese rule and became an industrial center. Following the establishment of North Korea in 1948, Pyongyang became its de facto capital. The city was again devastated during the Korean War, but was quickly rebuilt after the war with Soviet assistance.\nPyongyang is the political, industrial and transport center of North Korea. It is home to North Korea's major government institutions, as well as the ruling Workers' Party of Korea.", "Q1327115": "Joseph Benson Mauldin, Jr. (July 8, 1940 \u2013 February 7, 2015) was an American bass player, songwriter, and audio engineer who was best known as the bassist for the early rock and roll group the Crickets. Mauldin initially played a double (standup) bass, then switched to a Fender Precision Bass guitar. After several years with the Crickets, he became a recording engineer at Gold Star Studios, the Los Angeles studio which became the \"hit factory\" for Phil Spector, Brian Wilson, and other major 1960s rock performers.", "Q569556": "The New Cemetery (Serbian: \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0459\u0435, Novo groblje) is a cemetery complex in Belgrade, Serbia. It is located in Ruzveltova street in Zvezdara municipality. The cemetery was built in 1886 as the third Christian cemetery in Belgrade and as the first architecturally and urbanistically planned cemetery in Serbia.In addition to graves of ordinary citizens, the cemetery complex also includes special sections: military graves from Serbian-Ottoman War (1876-1877), Serbo-Bulgarian War, Balkan Wars and World Wars, the Alley of the Greats and the Alley of Distinguished Citizens, where some of the most important persons in the history of Serbia are buried.", "Q808535": "Barnstable ( BARN-st\u0259-b\u0259l) is a town in the U.S. state of Massachusetts and the county seat of Barnstable County. Barnstable is the largest community, both in land area and population, on Cape Cod. At the 2010 census it had a population of 45,193. The town contains several villages (one of which is also named Barnstable) within its boundaries. Its largest village, Hyannis, is the central business district of the county and home to Barnstable Municipal Airport, the airline hub of Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Additionally, Barnstable is a 2007 winner of the All-America City Award.", "Q3367348": "Pascal Convert (born 1957) is a French visual artist. He has made sculpture, installations and videos, and has published several books. He is perhaps best known for his monument to the hostages and Resistance fighters who were shot at Mont Val\u00e9rien during World War II (1939\u201345).", "Q981463": "Afonso Henrique da Costa Guimar\u00e3es, known as Alphonsus de Guimaraens; (July 24, 1870 in Ouro Preto \u2013 July 15, 1921 in Mariana) was a Brazilian poet.\nThe poetry of Alphonsus de Guimaraes is substantially mystical and involved with Catholicism. His sonnets display a classical structure, and are profoundly religious. They become increasingly sensitive as he explores the meaning of death, of the impossible love, of solitude and of his inadequacy regarding the world. However, the mystical tone marks in his works a feeling of acceptance and of resignation towards life, suffering and pain. Another characteristic aspect of his work ids the use of spirituality in relation to the feminine figure, which is considered to be an angel, or a celestial being. As a result of that, Guimaraes shows himself not one as a Symbolist but also a follower of Neo-romanticism.\nHis works, predominantly poetic, made him one of the main Symbolist authors in Brazil. In reference to the city he spent most of his life in, he is also called the \"loner of Mariana\", his \"ivory tower of Symbolism\" (\"o solit\u00e1rio de Mariana\" and \"torre de marfim do Simbolismo\", respectively, in Portuguese).", "Q231214": "Patricia Anne Wettig (born December 4, 1951) is an American actress and playwright. She is best known for her role as Nancy Weston in the television series Thirtysomething (1987\u20131991), for which she received a Golden Globe Award and three Primetime Emmy Awards.\nAfter her breakthrough role in Thirtysomething, Wettig has appeared in a number of films, include Guilty by Suspicion (1991), City Slickers (1991), City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold (1994), and The Langoliers (1995). She returned to television playing a leading role in the 1995 short-lived drama Courthouse and later played Caroline Reynolds in the Fox drama Prison Break (2005\u20132007) and Holly Harper in the ABC family drama Brothers & Sisters (2006\u20132011).", "Q568890": "Gary Primich (April 20, 1958 \u2013 September 23, 2007) was an American blues harmonica player, singer, guitarist and songwriter. He is best known for his 1995 album, Mr. Freeze.", "Q69029": "Wolfgang Gerhardt (born 31 December 1943 in Ulrichstein) is a German politician and was the leader of the FDP from 1995 until he was succeeded by Guido Westerwelle in 2001.", "Q708110": "John Ned \"Johnny\" Shines (April 26, 1915 \u2013 April 20, 1992) was an American blues singer and guitarist.", "Q85081": "Emil Sembach (April 2, 1891 \u2013 July 1, 1934) was an SS-Oberf\u00fchrer (Senior Colonel) attached to the SS headquarters of Silesia.\nSembach was born near Greinburg, Lower Austria. In 1934, after being caught by Reinhard Heydrich's Sicherheitsdienst (SD), for embezzlement and also for having a homosexual relationship with Kurt Wittje, he was expelled from the party and the SS. Fearing for his life he asked Minister of the Interior Wilhelm Frick for protection, but his protection could not save him when on the Night of the Long Knives Sembach was arrested on the orders of his rival Udo von Woyrsch, and the next day under the command of SS-Hauptsturmf\u00fchrer (Captain) Paul Exner, Sembach was taken to the mountains at Oels and executed on the orders of von Woyrsch.", "Q1329138": "Elias Murr (Arabic: \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0651\u200e \u02beIly\u0101s al-Murr) (born in 1962) is a Lebanese politician who held different cabinet positions. He is known to be one of the most influential politicians in the Middle East and largest media conglomerate in the region.\n\n", "Q271630": "Alisa Brunovna Freindlich (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0411\u0440\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0424\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0445, born 8 December 1934 in Leningrad, Soviet Union) is a Soviet and Russian actress. People's Artist of the USSR (1981). Since 1983, Freindlich has been a leading actress of the Bolshoi Drama in St. Petersburg, Russia.\n\n", "Q154346": "Jozef Ga\u0161par Tiso (Slovak pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u0254z\u025bf \u02c8tis\u0254]; 13 October 1887 \u2013 18 April 1947) was a Slovak politician and Roman Catholic priest who was president of the Slovak Republic, a client state of Nazi Germany during World War II, from 1939 to 1945. In 1947, after the war, he was executed for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Bratislava.\nBorn in 1887 to Slovak parents in Byt\u010da, then part of Austria-Hungary, Tiso studied several languages during his school career, including Hebrew and German. He was introduced to priesthood from an early age and helped combat local poverty and alcoholism in what is now Slovakia. He joined the Slovak People's Party (Slovensk\u00e1 \u013eudov\u00e1 strana) in 1918 and became party leader in 1938 following the death of Andrej Hlinka. Nazi Germany seized Czechoslovakia in 1938 and the Czech portion became the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. On 14 March 1939, Slovak Assembly in Bratislava unanimously adopted Law 1/1939 transforming autonomous Slovak Republic (that was until then part of Czechoslovakia) into an independent country. Jozef Tiso, who was already the Prime Minister of the autonomous Slovakia (under Czechoslovak laws), became the Slovak Republic's Prime Minister, and, in October 1939, he was elected its President.\nTiso collaborated with Germany in deportations of Jews, deporting many Slovak Jews to extermination and concentration camps in Germany and German-occupied Poland, while some Jews in Slovakia were murdered outright. Deportations were executed between 25 March 1942 until 20 October 1942. An anti-fascist partisan insurgency was waged, culminating in the Slovak National Uprising in summer 1944, which was suppressed by German military authorities with many of its leaders executed. Consequently, on 30 September 1944, deportations of Jews were renewed, with additional 13,500 deported.\nWhen the Soviet Red Army overran the last parts of western Slovakia in April 1945, Tiso fled to Austria and then Germany where American troops arrested him and then had him extradited back to the reformed Czechoslovakia, where he was convicted of treason against the state, treason against the uprising and collaboration, and then executed by hanging in 1947 and buried in Bratislava. In 2008, his remains were buried in the canonical crypt of the Catholic Cathedral in Nitra, Slovakia.", "Q95292": "Susanne Uhlen (b. January 17, 1955 in Potsdam, Germany) is a German actress. She is the daughter of actor Wolfgang Kieling and actress Gisela Uhlen, niece to German actor Max Schreck of Nosferatu fame. \nUhlen began her acting career by doing acting spots in commercials as a child, and appeared in her first film at age 9. As a child, she changed schools each year, as her mother constantly had to relocate to keep up with acting commitments. At 16 she married a fellow student, but her mother became involved and ended the marriage. She then married cameraman Charly Steinberger, with whom she had one son. By this time her acting career was flourishing, but her marriage to Steinberger ended shortly after the birth of their child. In 1981 she met actor Herbert Herrmann, with whom she would have a thirteen-year relationship, producing one child. She has starred in numerous successful German television series, which she continues to do today, along with many film and theater appearances. In 1995 she met and became involved with her current partner, Henry Dawidowicz, a corporate manager for a cosmetics company.", "Q334191": "Matthew Francis Parris (born 7 August 1949) is a British political writer and broadcaster, formerly a Conservative Member of Parliament. He was born in South Africa to British parents.", "Q92072": "Erich Johannes Bruno Ponto (14 December 1884 \u2013 14 February 1957) was a German film and stage actor.\n\n", "Q730100": "Charles Martin Smith (born October 30, 1953) is an American actor, writer, and director of film and television, based in British Columbia. He is known for his roles in American Graffiti (1973), The Buddy Holly Story (1978), Never Cry Wolf (1983), Starman (1984), The Untouchables (1987), Deep Cover (1992), And the Band Played On (1993), Speechless (1994) and Deep Impact (1998). \nAs a director, he is further known for helming the films The Snow Walker (2003), Stone of Destiny (2008), Dolphin Tale (2011), Dolphin Tale 2 (2014) and A Dog's Way Home (2019). His directorial work has earned him much acclaim; with multiple BAFTA, Genie, and Leo Award nominations.", "Q10703": "Tri Yann is a Breton band from Nantes who play folk rock music drawing on traditional Breton folk ballads.\nThe band was founded in 1969 by Jean Chocun, Jean-Paul Corbineau and Jean-Louis Jossic \u2013 all of whom remain members \u2013 hence the suggested name of Tri Yann an Naoned (Breton for \"Three Johns of Nantes\"), Jean and Yann being respectively the French and Breton versions of the name John.\nAs the best known \"Celtic\" band in France, Tri Yann are one of the longest-standing Breton music groups surviving from the folk rock revival of the 1970s (following the revival of the bagado\u00f9 and Alan Stivell's work). The group are famous for the outlandish costumes worn on stage.\nAmong their best-known songs are La Jument de Michao (including the chorus \"J'entends le loup, le renard et la belette\" i.e. \"I hear the wolf, the fox and the weasel\") and Dans les prisons de Nantes (\"In the prisons of Nantes\"). Live performances usually include the Breton national anthem Bro Gozh ma Zado\u00f9 (\"The Land of My Fathers\") which has the same tune to the Welsh National Anthem.\nTri Yann sang the role of Uther Pendragon in Alan Simon's rock opera Excalibur, as well as Louis XII of France in Simon's rock opera Anne de Bretagne.\n\n", "Q3894": "Kampala (UK: , US: ) is the capital and largest city of Uganda. The city proper was estimated to have a population of 1,680,800 people on 31 July 2019 and is divided into the five boroughs of Kampala Central Division, Kawempe Division, Makindye Division, Nakawa Division, and Rubaga Division.\nKampala's metropolitan area consists of the city proper and the neighboring Wakiso District, Mukono District, Mpigi District, Buikwe District and Luweero District. It has a rapidly growing population that is estimated at 6,709,900 people in 2019 by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics in an area of 8,451.9 km2 (3,263.3 square miles).\nIn 2015, this metropolitan area generated an estimated nominal GDP of $13.80221 billion (constant US dollars of 2011) according to Xuantong Wang et al., which was more than half of Uganda's GDP for that year, indicating the importance of Kampala to Uganda's economy.\nKampala is reported to be among the fastest-growing cities in Africa, with an annual population growth rate of 4.03 percent, by City Mayors. Kampala has been ranked the best city to live in East Africa ahead of Nairobi and Kigali by Mercer, a global development consulting agency based in New York City.\n\n", "Q1969133": "Richard William Pearse (3 December 1877 \u2013 29 July 1953) was a New Zealand farmer and inventor who performed pioneering aviation experiments. Witnesses interviewed many years afterward claimed that Pearse flew and landed a powered heavier-than-air machine on 31 March 1903, nine months before the Wright brothers flew. Documentary evidence for these claims remains open to interpretation and dispute, and Pearse himself never made such claims. In a newspaper interview in 1909, he said he did not \"attempt anything practical ... until 1904\".Biographer Gordon Ogilvie credits Pearse with \"several far-sighted concepts: a monoplane configuration, wing flaps and rear elevator, tricycle undercarriage with steerable nosewheel, and a propeller with variable-pitch blades.\"\nPearse ended his flying experiments about 1911, but continued aviation work, attempting to develop a vertical takeoff and landing aircraft and rotorcraft. Late in life he became bitter and paranoid and was admitted to a mental hospital in 1951, where he remained until his death.\n\n", "Q662652": "The Imperial Crypt (German: Kaisergruft), also called the Capuchin Crypt (Kapuzinergruft), is a burial chamber beneath the Capuchin Church and monastery in Vienna, Austria. It was founded in 1618 and dedicated in 1632, and located on the Neuer Markt square of the Innere Stadt, near the Hofburg Palace. Since 1633, the Imperial Crypt serves as the principal place of entombment for the members of the House of Habsburg. The bones of 145 Habsburg royalty, plus urns containing the hearts or cremated remains of four others, are here, including 12 emperors and 18 empresses. The visible 107 metal sarcophagi and five heart urns range in style from puritan plain to exuberant rococo. Some of the dozen resident Capuchin friars continue their customary role as the guardians and caretakers of the crypt, along with their other pastoral work in Vienna. The most recent entombment was in 2011.150", "Q218309": "Zofia Kossak-Szczucka (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8z\u0254f\u02b2ja \u02c8k\u0254ssak \u02c8\u0282t\u0361\u0282ut\u0361ska]; 10 August 1889 \u2013 9 April 1968) was a Polish writer and World War II resistance fighter. She co-founded two wartime Polish organizations: Front Odrodzenia Polski and \u017begota, set up to assist Polish Jews to escape the Holocaust. In 1943, she was arrested by the Germans and sent to Auschwitz Concentration Camp, but survived the war.", "Q103949": "Joseph Frank Keaton (October 4, 1895 \u2013 February 1, 1966), known professionally as Buster Keaton, was an American actor, comedian, film director, producer, screenwriter, and stunt performer. He is best known for his silent films, in which his trademark was physical comedy with a consistently stoic, deadpan expression that earned him the nickname \"The Great Stone Face\". Critic Roger Ebert wrote of Keaton's \"extraordinary period from 1920 to 1929\" when he \"worked without interruption\" on a series of films that make him \"the greatest actor-director in the history of the movies\". His career declined afterward with a loss of artistic independence when he signed with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, his wife divorced him, and he descended into alcoholism. He recovered in the 1940s, remarried, and revived his career as an honored comic performer for the rest of his life, earning an Honorary Academy Award in 1959.\nMany of Keaton's films from the 1920s remain highly regarded, such as Sherlock Jr. (1924), The General (1926), and The Cameraman (1928), with The General widely viewed as his masterpiece. Among its strongest admirers was Orson Welles, who stated that The General was cinema's highest achievement in comedy, and perhaps the greatest film ever made. Keaton in 1996 was recognized as the seventh-greatest film director by Entertainment Weekly, and the American Film Institute ranked him in 1999 as the 21st greatest male star of classic Hollywood cinema.", "Q3340278": "Nicolas Dufourcq (born 18 July 1963 in Paris) is a French businessman. He has been the general manager of the Banque Publique d\u2019Investissement (Bpifrance) since its creation in January 2013.", "Q312630": "Th\u00e9odore Faullain de Banville (14 March 1823 \u2013 13 March 1891) was a French poet and writer. His work was influential on the Symbolist movement in French literature in the late 19th century.", "Q284646": "Azusa Enoki (\u698e \u3042\u3065\u3055, Enoki Azusa, born March 16, 1988), previously known as Azusa Kataoka (\u7247\u5ca1 \u3042\u3065\u3055, Kataoka Azusa), is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer from Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Some of her major roles are Nagisa Saitou in Squid Girl, Sakura Nankyoku in Penguin Musume, Uta Yumeno in Onegai My Melody, Kotono Hayama in Saint October, Mion Takamine in Pretty Rhythm. She, along with Kana Asumi and Sayuri Hara were part of a voice actress singing group called Lisp which performed anime theme songs for Haiyoru! Nyaruani: Remember My Mr. Lovecraft, Pretty Rhythm Aurora Dream, and Bakugan Battle Brawlers: Gundalian Invaders in Japan. She has also released an album called Sweets Paradise and a single called \"Diamond Sparkle\" which was a theme song for Sky Girls. Originally affiliated with 81 Produce, she now goes by the name of Azusa Enoki (\u698e \u3042\u3065\u3055) and was represented by Sunaoka. She is currently a member of Still Wood Garden.\n\n", "Q29182": "A bishop is an ordained, consecrated, or appointed member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight.\nWithin the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Moravian, Anglican, Old Catholic and Independent Catholic churches, as well as the Assyrian Church of the East, bishops claim apostolic succession, a direct historical lineage dating back to the original Twelve Apostles. Within these churches, bishops are seen as those who possess the full priesthood and can ordain clergy, including other bishops. Some Protestant churches, including the Lutheran, Anglican and Methodist churches, have bishops serving similar functions as well, though not always understood to be within apostolic succession in the same way. A person ordained as a deacon, priest, and then bishop is understood to hold the fullness of the (ministerial) priesthood, given responsibility by Christ to govern, teach, and sanctify the Body of Christ. Priests, deacons and lay ministers co-operate and assist their bishops in pastoral ministry.", "Q707974": "Isidor Straus (February 6, 1845 \u2013 April 15, 1912) was a Bavarian-born American Jewish businessman, politician and co-owner of Macy's department store with his brother Nathan. He also served for just over a year as a member of the United States House of Representatives. He died with his wife, Ida, in the sinking of the passenger ship RMS Titanic.", "Q240162": "Stephanie Michelle Seymour (born July 23, 1968) is an American model and actress.", "Q172168": "Galerius (; Latin: Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus; circa 250 \u2013 April or May 311) was Roman emperor from 305 to 311. During his reign, he campaigned, aided by Diocletian, against the Sassanid Empire, sacking their capital Ctesiphon in 299. He also campaigned across the Danube against the Carpi, defeating them in 297 and 300. Although he was a staunch opponent of Christianity, Galerius ended the Diocletianic Persecution when he issued an Edict of Toleration in Serdica in 311.", "Q64082": "D\u00fcbendorf is a fast growing municipality in the district of Uster in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.\nIt is a suburb of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland with a population of about 28,000 (2018). It is the fourth largest city in the canton, after Z\u00fcrich, Winterthur, and Uster.", "Q232292": "Janet McTeer (born 5 August 1961) is an English actress. In 1997, she won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play, the Olivier Award for Best Actress, and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play for her role as Nora in A Doll's House (1996\u20131997). She also won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role as Mary Jo Walker in the 1999 film Tumbleweeds, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Hubert Page in the 2011 film Albert Nobbs. She was made an OBE in the 2008 Queen's Birthday Honours.\nMcTeer made her professional stage debut in 1984, and was nominated for the 1986 Olivier Award for Best Newcomer for The Grace of Mary Traverse. Other theatre roles include Yelena in Uncle Vanya (London), Veronique in God of Carnage (London & New York), and the title role in Mary Stuart (London & New York), which won her a second Drama Desk Award in 2009. On television, she starred in the title role of Lynda La Plante's The Governor (1995\u20131996), and received an Emmy Award nomination for Into the Storm (2009) and a Golden Globe nomination for The White Queen (2013).\nShe also appeared opposite Glenn Close in the final season of the drama series Damages (2012). Her other film roles include Half Moon Street (1986), Hawks (1988), Wuthering Heights (1992), Carrington (1995), Velvet Goldmine (1998), Songcatcher (2000), The Intended (2002), As You Like It (2006), Tideland (2005), Cat Run (2011), The Woman in Black (2012), Maleficent (2014), The Divergent Series (2015\u20132016), and Me Before You (2016).", "Q920044": "Maciej Zaremba Bielawski (born 12 March 1951) is a Swedish journalist and author.\nZaremba was born in Pozna\u0144, Poland. He came to Sweden in 1969 where he worked as a construction worker during the 1970s. In his youth, he was active in the League Communist (Swedish: F\u00f6rbundet Kommunist), but abandoned his communist views when the group was dissolved in 1982. He earned a B.A. in the history of ideas from Stockholm University in 1988. He started writing for the newspaper Dagens Nyheter in 1989 and in 1994 he was recruited to the editorial team of the now defunct magazine Moderna tider.\nIn 1997, Zaremba became famous after he wrote a series of articles in Dagens Nyheter about the compulsory sterilization program active in Sweden from the mid-1930s until the mid-1970s. The article sparked much debate in Sweden and led to a government inquiry into the matter.\nIn 2005 he wrote a series of articles about a labor dispute involving foreign construction workers in Vaxholm. For these articles he was awarded the Stora Journalistpriset (\"Great Journalist Award\") and Hasse Olssons pris till \u00e5rets ekonomijournalist (\"Hasse Olsson's Award for Business Journalist of the Year\") in 2006. In 2005 he also received G\u00f6sta Bohman-stipendiet (\"G\u00f6sta Bohman Award) and a prize from the Swedish Academy through its own funds.\nZaremba has been married since 1982 to the author Agneta Pleijel.", "Q161672": "Patrice \u00c9mery Lumumba (; alternatively styled Patrice Hemery Lumumba; 2 July 1925 \u2013 17 January 1961) was a Congolese politician and independence leader who served as the first Prime Minister of the independent Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo) from June until September 1960. He played a significant role in the transformation of the Congo from a colony of Belgium into an independent republic. Ideologically an African nationalist and Pan-Africanist, he led the Congolese National Movement (MNC) party from 1958 until his assassination.\nShortly after Congolese independence in 1960, a mutiny broke out in the army, marking the beginning of the Congo Crisis. Lumumba appealed to the United States and the United Nations for help to suppress the Belgian-supported Katangan secessionists led by Moise Tshombe. Both refused, so Lumumba turned to the Soviet Union for support. This led to growing differences with President Joseph Kasa-Vubu and chief-of-staff Joseph-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Mobutu, as well as with the United States and Belgium, who opposed the Soviet Union in the Cold War.\nLumumba was subsequently imprisoned by state authorities under Mobutu and executed by a firing squad under the command of Katangan authorities. Following his assassination, he was widely seen as a martyr for the wider Pan-African movement. In 2002, Belgium formally apologised for its role in the assassination.", "Q80476": "Percival Alfred Yeomans (1905 - November 1984) was an Australian inventor known for the Keyline system for the development of land and increasing the fertility of that land. As a mining engineer and gold assayer, Yeomans had developed a keen sense of hydrology and equipment design. Upon his brother-in-law's death in a grass fire, Percival Alfred Yeomans assumed management of a large tract of land he later named Nevallan in New South Wales. Here he developed improved methods and equipment for cultivation. His designs won him The Prince Philip Design Award in 1974.\nHis Keyline principles or concepts (Keyline Design) have been adopted by farm owners in almost every country in the world. Yeomans' Keyline concepts are now part of the curriculum of many sustainable agriculture courses in colleges and universities across the world. His ideas have also been a key factor in the development of permaculture design. P.A. Yeomans wrote four books; The Keyline Plan, The Challenge of Landscape, Water For Every Farm and The City Forest.", "Q96214": "Erich Fiedler (15 March 1901 \u2013 19 May 1981) was a German film actor. He was the German dubbing voice of Robert Morley.", "Q382545": "Benito Alfonso Bedoya y D\u00edaz de Guzm\u00e1n (April 16, 1904 \u2013 December 15, 1957) was a Mexican actor who frequently appeared in U.S. films.", "Q14565": "Dierikon is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q917830": "The Cathedral of the Archangel (Russian: \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440, or Arkhangelsky sobor) is a Russian Orthodox church dedicated to the Archangel Michael. It is located in Cathedral Square of the Moscow Kremlin in Russia between the Great Kremlin Palace and the Ivan the Great Bell Tower. It was the main necropolis of the Tsars of Russia until the relocation of the capital to St. Petersburg.\nIt was constructed between 1505 and 1508 under the supervision of an Italian architect Aloisio the New on the spot of an older cathedral, built in 1333. Now it also serves as a part of Moscow Kremlin Museums.\n\n", "Q724175": "Jay Glenn Miner (May 31, 1932 \u2013 June 20, 1994) was an American integrated circuit designer, known primarily for developing multimedia chips for the Atari 2600 and Atari 8-bit family and as the \"father of the Amiga\".\n\n", "Q383883": "Marion King Hubbert (October 5, 1903 \u2013 October 11, 1989) was an American geologist and geophysicist. He worked at the Shell research lab in Houston, Texas. He made several important contributions to geology, geophysics, and petroleum geology, most notably the Hubbert curve and Hubbert peak theory (a basic component of peak oil), with important political ramifications. He was often referred to as \"M. King Hubbert\" or \"King Hubbert\".", "Q204720": "Hereford ( (listen)) is a cathedral city, civil parish and county town of Herefordshire, England. It lies on the River Wye, approximately 16 miles (26 km) east of the border with Wales, 24 miles (39 km) southwest of Worcester, and 23 miles (37 km) northwest of Gloucester. With a population of 60,415, it is by far the largest settlement in Herefordshire.\n\nAn early town charter from 1189 granted by Richard I of England describes it as \"Hereford in Wales\". Hereford has been recognised as a city since time immemorial, with the status being reconfirmed as recently as October 2000.It is now known chiefly as a trading centre for a wider agricultural and rural area. Products from Hereford include: cider, beer, leather goods, nickel alloys, poultry, chemicals, and cattle, including the famous Hereford breed.", "Q554358": "Barbu Catargiu (26 October 1807 \u2013 20 June [O.S. 8 June] 1862) was a conservative Romanian politician and journalist. He was the first Prime Minister of Romania, in 1862, until he was assassinated on 20 June that year. He was a staunch defender of the great estates of the boyars, and notably originated the conservative doctrine that \"feudalism in Romania had never existed\".", "Q168656": "Battlestar Galactica: Blood & Chrome is a prequel to the reimagined Battlestar Galactica series and is the latest installment in the franchise. A web-series that became a pilot for a possible series chronicling the early adventures of a young William Adama, but the series was not picked up. It stars Luke Pasqualino, Ben Cotton, and Lili Bord\u00e1n. Michael Taylor wrote the teleplay from a story by Taylor, David Eick, Bradley Thompson and David Weddle, with Jonas Pate as director. Distribution of Blood & Chrome began as a 10-episode online series in conjunction with Machinima.com on November 9, 2012 (2012-11-09), and also aired as a television film on February 10, 2013 (2013-02-10) on Syfy.", "Q296524": "Jonathan Michael Lovitz (; born July 21, 1957) is an American actor, comedian and singer. He is best known as a cast member of Saturday Night Live from 1985 to 1990. He starred as Jay Sherman in The Critic and has appeared in numerous other television series and films.\nHis film credits include roles in The Brave Little Toaster, Rat Race, Big, A League of Their Own, The Wedding Singer, High School High, and The Benchwarmers.", "Q666352": "J.O.B. Records was an American, Chicago based independent record label, founded by businessman Joe Brown and bluesman St. Louis Jimmy Oden in 1949. It specialized in Southern blues and city based R&B. In 1952, the label's recording of \"Five Long Years\" by Eddie Boyd became a hit and reached number one in the US Billboard R&B chart. In 1953, J.O.B. had a temporary collaboration with Chance Records. The company recorded sparingly until 1972, when it sold its catalogue to Jewel Records. J.O.B.'s last single was released in 1974. J.O.B. Records worldwide rights were acquired by 43 North Broadway, LLC in 2015.\nArtists recording for J.O.B. included: Eddie Boyd, Willie Cobbs, Floyd Jones, King Kolax, J. B. Lenoir, Snooky Pryor, Johnny Shines, and Sunnyland Slim, \nThere was a similarly named, but unrelated, record label located in Louisiana in 1950.", "Q300552": "A Serbian Film (Serbian: \u0421\u0440\u043f\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043c / Srpski film) is a 2010 Serbian exploitation horror film produced and directed by Sr\u0111an Spasojevi\u0107 in his feature film debut. Spasojevi\u0107 also co-wrote the film with Aleksandar Radivojevi\u0107. It tells the story of a financially struggling porn star who agrees to participate in an \"art film\", only to discover that he has been drafted into a snuff film with pedophilic and necrophilic themes. The film stars Serbian actors Sr\u0111an Todorovi\u0107 and Sergej Trifunovi\u0107.\nUpon its debut on the art film circuit, the film received substantial attention and controversy for its graphic nature. The film has been banned in Spain, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Norway, and was temporarily banned from screening in Brazil.", "Q1240415": "Private Stock Records was a record label that operated from 1974 to 1978.\nThe label was founded by Larry Uttal after he was ousted from Bell Records. The label primarily focused on pop music and had numerous hit records, many of them one-hit wonders, including singles by David Soul of Starsky and Hutch fame (\"Don't Give Up on Us\"), Starbuck (\"Moonlight Feels Right\"), Austin Roberts (\"Rocky\"), Samantha Sang (\"Emotion\"), Walter Murphy and the Big Apple Band (\"A Fifth of Beethoven\"), Cyndi Grecco (\"Making Our Dreams Come True,\" a.k.a. the theme song to Laverne & Shirley) and Frankie Valli (\"My Eyes Adored You\", \"Swearin' to God\", \"Our Day Will Come\"). The label also released Brownsville Station's album with the same name, and the singles \"The Martian Boogie\" and \"(Lady) Put the Light on Me\" in 1977, Ever during 1976 and 1977 was released two album by Jose Feliciano, \"Sweet Soul Music\" (produced by Jerry Wexler) and \"Angela\" (soundtrack of the movie Aaron Loves Angela). More indicative of the label's nature, Private Stock issued for the US in 1976 a compilation of Rod Stewart's work with Steampacket and the Hoochie Koochie Men culled from mid-1960s live shows in the UK while the singer was transitioning from Mercury Records to Warner Brothers. In the early 1980s a Stray Cats compilation appeared in stores, ostensibly a licensee of Capitol Records but debatable as to whether it was even the same company.\nBlondie's eponymous debut album\u2014which was not a commercial success at the time\u2014was also originally issued on Private Stock in 1976, as were two final single releases by Junior Campbell. \nFollowing the demise of Woody Woodmansey\u2019s U-Boat, Singer/Songwriter Phil Murray signed to the label in 1978, and released one single, End Of My Time, before moving on to Mickie Most\u2019s label RAK. \nSinger-songwriter Tom Paxton's 1975 album, Something in My Life and Rupert Holmes' fourth album, Pursuit of Happiness were also released by the label.\nPeter Lemongello released one album and a few singles for Private Stock after his debut Love '76. However, the Love '76 album was never released by Private Stock, and none of his recordings for the label charted. \nGospel/soul singer Cissy Houston (mother of singer Whitney Houston) released two albums on the label- 1977's Cissy Houston and 1978's Think It Over.\nThe label closed down when Uttal moved to London; he later returned to New York where he died in 1993. His son Jai Uttal owned the rights to the catalogue after his father's death.", "Q3102781": "Georges Glasser (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 gla\u02d0se]; 24 August 1907 \u2013 January 2002) was a French tennis player, corporate executive and president of the Tennis Club de Paris. As a player, he was particularly successful in mixed doubles claiming several titles during his career. He was ranked the 8th among the top French players in 1932.", "Q9361": "Bishkek (Kyrgyz: \u0411\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0435\u0301\u043a, \u0628\u0649\u0634\u06a9\u06d5\u06a9; IPA: [bi\u0283\u02c8kek]; Russian: \u0411\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0435\u0301\u043a, tr. Bi\u0161k\u00e9k, IPA: [b\u02b2\u026a\u02c8\u0282k\u02b2ek]), formerly Pishpek and Frunze, is the capital and largest city of Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz Republic). Bishkek is also the most commonly administrative centre of the Chuy Region. The province surrounds the city, although the city itself is not part of the province, but rather a province-level unit of Kyrgyzstan.\nIn 1825 Khokand authorities established the fortress of \"Pishpek\" to control local caravan routes and to collect tribute from Kyrgyz tribes. On 4 September 1860, with the approval of the Kyrgyz, Russian forces led by Colonel Apollon Zimmermann destroyed the fortress. In 1868 a Russian settlement was established on the site of the fortress under its original name, \"Pishpek\". It lay within the General Governorship of Russian Turkestan and its Semirechye Oblast.\nIn 1925 the Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast was established in Russian Turkestan, promoting Pishpek to its capital. In 1926 the Communist Party of the Soviet Union renamed the city as Frunze, after the Bolshevik military leader Mikhail Frunze (1885\u20131925), who was born there. In 1936, the city of Frunze became the capital of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, during the final stages of the national delimitation in the Soviet Union. In 1991 the Kyrgyz parliament changed the capital's name to \"Bishkek\".\nBishkek is situated at an altitude of about 800 meters (2,600 ft), just off the northern fringe of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too range, an extension of the Tian Shan mountain range. These mountains rise to a height of 4,855 meters (15,928 ft). North of the city, a fertile and gently undulating steppe extends far north into neighboring Kazakhstan. The Chui River drains most of the area. Bishkek is connected to the Turkestan-Siberia Railway by a spur line.\nBishkek is a city of wide boulevards and marble-faced public buildings combined with numerous Soviet-style apartment blocks surrounding interior courtyards. There are also thousands of smaller privately built houses, mostly outside the city centre. Streets follow a grid pattern, with most flanked on both sides by narrow irrigation channels, watering innumerable trees to provide shade in the hot summers.", "Q233832": "Catherine Josephine Van Fleet (December 29, 1915 \u2013 June 10, 1996) was a theatre, film, and television actress from the United States. Known primarily for playing roles older than she was, her career spanned over three decades, and she won an Oscar as well as a Tony Award.", "Q75831": "Thomas Brussig (born 1964) is a German writer best known for his satirical novels that deal with the German Democratic Republic.", "Q316330": "Daniel Bell (May 10, 1919 \u2013 January 25, 2011) was an American sociologist, writer, editor, and professor at Harvard University, best known for his contributions to the study of post-industrialism. He has been described as \"one of the leading American intellectuals of the postwar era\". His three best known works are The End of Ideology, The Coming of Post-Industrial Society, and The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism.", "Q1135754": "Cory Arcangel (born May 25, 1978) is a Brooklyn, New York post-conceptual artist who makes work in many different media, including drawing, music, video, performance art, and video game modifications, for which he is perhaps best known.Arcangel often uses the artistic strategy of appropriation, creatively reusing existing materials such as dancing stands, Photoshop gradients and YouTube videos to create new works of art. His work explores the relationship between digital technology and pop culture. He is a recipient of a 2006 Creative Capital Emerging Fields Award \n\n", "Q254671": "Coonskin is a 1975 American live action/animated satire crime film written and directed by Ralph Bakshi, about an African American rabbit, fox, and bear who rise to the top of the organized crime racket in Harlem, encountering corrupt law enforcement, con artists, and the Mafia. The film, which combines live-action with animation, stars Philip Thomas, Charles Gordone, Barry White, and Scatman Crothers, all of whom appear in both live-action and animated sequences.\nOriginally produced under the titles Harlem Nights and Coonskin No More... at Paramount Pictures, Coonskin encountered controversy before its original theatrical release when the Congress of Racial Equality criticized the content as being racist. When the film was released, Bryanston gave it limited distribution and it initially received mixed reviews. Later re-released under the titles Bustin' Out and Street Fight, Coonskin has since been re-appraised. A New York Times review said, \"Coonskin could be Ralph Bakshi's masterpiece.\" Bakshi has stated that he considers Coonskin to be his best film.", "Q492519": "Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05e6\u05dc\u05d0\u05dc, \u05d0\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05e6\u05d5\u05d1) is an academic college of design and art located in West Jerusalem, Israel. Established in 1906 by Jewish painter and sculptor Boris Schatz, Bezalel is Israel's oldest institution of higher education. It is named for the Biblical figure Bezalel, son of Uri (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e6\u05b7\u05dc\u05b0\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc \u05d1\u05b6\u05bc\u05df\u05be\u05d0\u05d5\u05bc\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9), who was appointed by Moses to oversee the design and construction of the Tabernacle (Exodus 35:30). The art created by Bezalel's students and professors in the early 1900s is considered the springboard for Israeli visual arts in the 20th century.\nBezalel is currently located at the Mount Scopus campus of Hebrew University of Jerusalem, with the exception of the Architecture department, which is housed in the historic Bezalel building in downtown Jerusalem. In 2009 it was announced that Bezalel will be relocated to a new campus in the Russian Compound, as part of a municipal plan to revive Jerusalem's downtown. The new Bezalel campus is planned by the Tokyo-based award-winning architectural firm SANAA.", "Q99899": "Gerd Andres (born 8 April 1951 in Wirges, Rhineland-Palatinate) is a German politician and member of the SPD. From 1987 to 2009 he was a member of the Bundestag.", "Q90103": "Hannskarl Bandel (May 3, 1925 Dessau, Germany \u2013 December 29, 1993 Aspen, Colorado, United States), was a German-American structural engineer.", "Q24555718": "St. Maches was a 6th century princess and Pre-congregational saint of Cornwall and Devon. Maches was the sister of St. Cadog.Born a daughter of Saint Gwynllyw and his wife Gwladys, Maches lived as a hermit, and was murdered by thieves, at Merthyr Maches (Llanfaches in the Kingdom of Gwent). She was buried in the monastery at Caerwent, now the parish church of St. Stephen at Caerwent, by Saint Tathan to whom the bandits had confessed the crime.", "Q310999": "Magnus Olafsson (Old Norse: Magn\u00fas \u00d3l\u00e1fsson, Norwegian and Danish: Magnus Olavsson; c. 1024 \u2013 25 October 1047), better known as Magnus the Good (Old Norse: Magn\u00fas g\u00f3\u00f0i, Norwegian and Danish: Magnus den gode), was King of Norway from 1035 and King of Denmark from 1042, ruling over both countries until his death in 1047.\nHe was an illegitimate son of Olaf II of Norway, and fled with his mother when his father was dethroned in 1028. He returned to Norway in 1035 and was crowned king at the age of 11. In 1042, he was also crowned king of Denmark. Magnus ruled the two countries until 1047, when he died under unclear circumstances. After his death, his kingdom was split between Harald Hardrada in Norway and Sweyn Estridsson in Denmark.", "Q541033": "Caitlin Rose (born June 23, 1987) is a country singer from Nashville, Tennessee.", "Q16414": "Death Cab for Cutie is an American alternative rock band, formed in Bellingham, Washington, United States, in 1997. The band is composed of Ben Gibbard (vocals, guitar, piano), Nick Harmer (bass), Dave Depper (guitar, keyboards, vocals), Zac Rae (keyboards, guitar), and Jason McGerr (drums).\nThe band was originally a solo project by Gibbard. Upon getting a record deal, he expanded the project into a complete band, which released a debut album, Something About Airplanes, in 1998. The group's fourth album, 2003's Transatlanticism, broke into the mainstream both critically and commercially, with songs from the album featured in numerous TV series and films. The band's major-label debut for Atlantic Records, 2005's Plans, went platinum. A ninth studio album, Thank You for Today, was released in August 2018.\nDeath Cab for Cutie's music has been called indie rock, indie pop, and alternative rock. It is noted for its unconventional instrumentation and for Gibbard's distinctive voice and lyrical style. Since its formation, the band has released nine full-length studio albums, four EPs, two live EPs, one live album, and one demo album.\nThe group's name comes from the song \"Death Cab for Cutie,\" written by Neil Innes and Vivian Stanshall and performed by their group the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band, originally performed on the British television show Do Not Adjust Your Set, Series 1 Episode 7, as well as in The Beatles' movie, Magical Mystery Tour.", "Q60582": "Thomas Abbt (German: [apt]; 25 November 1738 \u2013 3 November 1766) was a German mathematician and writer.", "Q83619": "John Munro Longyear, Sr. (April 15, 1850 \u2013 May 28, 1922) was an American businessman and noted developer of timber and mineral lands in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan who became the central figure behind the Arctic Coal Company, which surveyed and mined coalfields on Spitsbergen, now Svalbard, from 1905 to 1916. This company developed a settlement on Spitsbergen able to accommodate up to around 500 people which became known as Longyear City, now Longyearbyen, adjacent Advent Bay.", "Q674756": "Ben Segenreich (born 3 March 1952 in Vienna) is a journalist, correspondent and an expert for the Arab\u2013Israeli conflict at the ORF in Israel (Tel Aviv).\nBen Segenreich finished school at the French Lyc\u00e9e in Vienna and studied Physics and Mathematics in Paris and Vienna. After gaining his doctoral degree in Physics he worked in the software development and was at the same time the Austrian correspondent of the Israeli daily newspaper Maariv.\nIn 1983 he emigrated to Israel and continued his work in the software development. Since 1989 he was correspondent for Austrian, German and Swiss daily newspapers and magazines. Since 1990 Ben Segenreich is TV and radio correspondent of the ORF in Israel. He also works as a freelance journalist, author and lecturer.\nSince 2009 Ben Segenreich is member of the International Council of the Austrian Service Abroad.\nHe is married and is father of two daughters.", "Q261812": "Jared Drake Bell (born June 27, 1986) is an American actor, voice actor, singer, songwriter, and musician. Born in Newport Beach, California, he began his career as an actor in the early 1990s at the age of five with his first televised appearance on Home Improvement. Bell also appeared in several commercials, such as one for Pok\u00e9mon Red and Blue, but is best known for his starring roles on Nickelodeon's The Amanda Show and Drake & Josh. Bell starred in a trilogy of The Fairly OddParents movies on Nickelodeon. Bell was the voice of Peter Parker / Spider-Man in the animated series Ultimate Spider-Man on Disney XD.\nIn addition to acting, Bell has a career in music starting in the early 2000s, at the time of his appearances on The Amanda Show, with a band named Drake 24/7. He also co-wrote and performed the theme song to Drake & Josh, entitled \"Found a Way\". In 2005 he independently released his debut album, Telegraph, released under Bell's own name. His second album, It's Only Time, was released in 2006 after signing with Universal Motown Records and debuted at #81 on the Billboard 200, selling over 23,000 copies during its first week of release. It's Only Time has sold 178,000 copies in the United States as of 2012. His first video album, Drake Bell in Concert, was released in 2008. It debuted at #81 on the Top 100 Mexican Albums Chart. Bell released an EP in 2011 called A Reminder independently. In 2014, Bell released his third album, Ready Steady Go! under indie label Surfdog Records. Ready Steady Go! debuted at #182 on the Billboard 200, and sold 2,000 copies in its first week of release.", "Q236792": "Magdolna \"Magdi\" R\u00fazsa (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8m\u0252\u0261doln\u0252 \u02c8ru\u02d0\u0292\u0252]; Serbian: \u0420\u0443\u0436\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0433\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430, Ru\u017ea Magdolna; born 28 November 1985) is a Hungarian singer who won the 2006 title of Megaszt\u00e1r (\"Megastar\"), Hungary's nationwide talent search, that resembles, but is not based on, Pop Idol. As the winner of the category \"Newcomer of the Year\" at the Fonogram Hungarian Music Awards in 2007, she represented Hungary at the Eurovision Song Contest in Helsinki, Finland with the song \"Unsubstantial Blues\". She finished ninth and won a Marcel Bezen\u00e7on Award in the Best Composer category. She often performs songs by her favorite singer, Janis Joplin.\n\n", "Q105486": "Ernst Wilhelm von Schlabrendorf (4 February 1719 at Schloss Gr\u00f6ben bei Ludwigsfelde, Landkreis Teltow, Brandenburg\u201314 December 1769 in Breslau, Silesia) was a Prussian state minister for Silesia and president of the Silesian chamber. He was the son of the estate owner Johann Christian von Schlabrendorf (\u2020 1720), of Gr\u00f6ben, Gro\u00df- und Klein-Beuthen and Wa\u00dfmannsdorf in Teltow, and his wife Anna Augusta Elisabeth von Pfuel (died 12. December 1744). The major general Gustav Albrecht von Schlaberndorf was his brother. On 5 December 1767 Frederick the Great awarded him with the Black Eagle Order. He is included among the relief figures on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great, erected in Berlin in 1851.", "Q506378": "John Parsons Wheeler III (December 14, 1944 \u2013c. December 30, 2010), known as Jack Wheeler, was a chairman of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, senior planner for Amtrak (1971\u20131972), official of the Securities and Exchange Commission (1978\u20131986), chief executive and CEO of Mothers Against Drunk Driving, consultant to the Mitre Corporation (2009\u2013death), and a presidential aide to the Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and George W. Bush administrations. He also held numerous other positions in the United States military, government, and corporations.\n\n", "Q18439": "For the building in Prague, see Dancing House. You may also be looking for Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers.Ginger and Fred (Italian: Ginger e Fred) is a 1986 comedy/drama film directed by Federico Fellini and starring Marcello Mastroianni and Giulietta Masina.The title is a reference to the American dancing couple Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers. The two leads portray Italian impersonators of Astaire and Rogers who reunite after thirty years of retirement for a vulgar and bizarre television extravaganza.\nThe film was the subject of a trademark claim in the United States by Ginger Rogers, who claimed in Rogers v. Grimaldi that the film violated her Lanham Act trademark rights, right of publicity, and was a \"false light\" defamation. The Second Circuit rejected this claim, finding that \"suppressing an artistically relevant though ambiguous[ly] title[d] film\" on trademark grounds would \"unduly restrict expression.\"", "Q49110": "Boston University (BU) is a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts. The university is nonsectarian, but has been historically affiliated with the United Methodist Church.The university has over 3,900 faculty members and nearly 33,000 students, and is one of Boston's largest employers. It offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, doctorates, and medical, dental, business, and law degrees through 18 schools and colleges on two urban campuses. The main campus is situated along the Charles River in Boston's Fenway-Kenmore and Allston neighborhoods, while the Boston University Medical Campus is located in Boston's South End neighborhood.\nBU is categorized as an R1: Doctoral University (very high research activity) in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. BU is a member of the Boston Consortium for Higher Education and the Association of American Universities. The university is ranked 40th among undergraduate programs at national universities, and 46th among global universities by U.S. News & World Report in its 2020 rankings.Among its alumni and current or past faculty, the university counts eight Nobel Laureates, 23 Pulitzer Prize winners, 10 Rhodes Scholars, six Marshall Scholars, 48 Sloan Fellows, nine Academy Award winners, and several Emmy and Tony Award winners. BU also has MacArthur, Fulbright, Truman and Guggenheim Fellowship holders as well as American Academy of Arts and Sciences and National Academy of Sciences members among its past and present graduates and faculty. In 1876, BU professor Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in a BU lab.\nThe Boston University Terriers compete in the NCAA Division I. BU athletic teams compete in the Patriot League, and Hockey East conferences, and their mascot is Rhett the Boston Terrier. Boston University is well known for men's hockey, in which it has won five national championships, most recently in 2009.", "Q239": "The City of Brussels (French: ville de Bruxelles [vil d\u0259 b\u0281ys\u025bl] or alternatively Bruxelles-Ville [b\u0281ys\u025bl vil]; Dutch: Stad Brussel [st\u0251d \u02c8br\u028fs\u0259l] or Brussel-Stad) is the largest municipality and historical centre of the Brussels-Capital Region, and the capital of Belgium. Besides the strict centre, it also covers the immediate northern outskirts where it borders municipalities in Flanders. It is the administrative centre of the European Union, thus often dubbed, along with the region, the EU's capital city.\nThe City of Brussels is a municipality consisting of the central historic town and certain additional areas within the greater Brussels-Capital Region, namely Haren, Laeken and Neder-Over-Heembeek to the north, as well as Avenue Louise/Louizalaan and the Bois de la Cambre/Ter Kamerenbos park to the south.\nAs of 1 January 2017, the City of Brussels had a total population of 176,545. The total area is 32.61 km2 (12.59 sq mi) which gives a population density of 5,475 inhabitants per square kilometre (14,180/sq mi). As of 2007, there were approximately 50,000 registered non-Belgians in the City of Brussels. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French\u2013Dutch).", "Q635078": "The United States Army War College (USAWC) is a U.S. Army educational institution in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, on the 500-acre (2 km\u00b2) campus of the historic Carlisle Barracks. It provides graduate-level instruction to senior military officers and civilians to prepare them for senior leadership assignments and responsibilities. Each year, a number of Army colonels and lieutenant colonels are considered by a board for admission. Approximately 800 students attend at any one time, half in a two-year-long distance learning program, and the other half in an on-campus, full-time resident program lasting ten months. Upon completion, the college grants its graduates a master's degree in Strategic Studies.Army applicants must have already completed the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, the required Professional Military Education for officers in the rank of major. While the Army handpicks most of the students who participate in the residential program, the student body always includes officers from the other military branches, civilians from agencies such as the Department of Defense, State Department, and National Security Agency, and officers from foreign countries who attend the program as International Fellows. For example, the residential Class of 2017 had 381 students: 218 active component officers and 61 reserve component officers from all five branches of the United States Armed Forces, 28 senior federal government civilians, and 74 International Fellows. Majors with the specialty of Function Area 59, Strategist, formerly Strategic Plans and Policy, also attend their qualification course, the Basic Strategic Arts Program (BSAP), at the college.\nThe Army War College is a split-functional institution. While a great deal of emphasis is placed on research, students are also instructed in leadership, strategy, and joint-service/international operations. It is one of the senior service colleges including the Naval War College and the Air War College. Additionally, the U.S. Department of Defense operates the National War College.", "Q869322": "Jonathan J. \"Jon\" Rubinstein (born October 1956) is an American electrical engineer who played an instrumental role in the development of the iMac and iPod, the portable music and video device first sold by Apple Computer Inc. in 2001. He left his position as senior vice president of Apple's iPod division on April 14, 2006.\nHe became executive chairman of the board at Palm, Inc., after private equity firm Elevation Partners completed a significant investment in the handheld manufacturer in October 2007. He became CEO of Palm in 2009, replacing former CEO Ed Colligan.\nFollowing Hewlett-Packard Co.'s purchase of Palm on July 1, 2010, Rubinstein became an executive at HP. On January 27, 2012, Rubinstein announced he had officially left HP.He has been elected to serve as a member of the National Academy of Engineering and is a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. He is a director of Amazon.com.From May 2013 to May 2016, Rubinstein served on the board of directors of semiconductor company Qualcomm Inc.From March 2016 to March 2017, Rubinstein served as co-CEO of investment firm Bridgewater Associates.", "Q16400": "Rosalie Matilda Kuanghu Chou (Chinese: \u5468\u5149\u745a; pinyin: Zh\u014du Gu\u0101ngh\u00fa) (12 September 1917 (or 1916) \u2013 2 November 2012) was a Chinese-born Eurasian physician and author better known by her pen name Han Suyin (simplified Chinese: \u97e9\u7d20\u97f3; traditional Chinese: \u97d3\u7d20\u97f3; pinyin: H\u00e1n S\u00f9y\u012bn).\nShe wrote in English and French on modern China, set her novels in East and Southeast Asia, and published autobiographical memoirs which covered the span of modern China. These writings gained her a reputation as an ardent and articulate supporter of the Chinese Communist Revolution. She lived in Lausanne, Switzerland, for many years until her death.", "Q508341": "Martti Larni (birth name Martti Johannes Laine) (September 22, 1909 \u2013 March 7, 1993) was a Finnish writer. He was the chairman of the Union of Finnish Writers from 1964 to 1967.\n\n", "Q518152": "Nino Martoglio (Belpasso, Patern\u00f2, 3 December 1870 \u2014 Catania, 15 September 1921) was an Italian writer, publisher, journalist and producer of theatrical works. He wrote mostly in Sicilian and likewise, his theatrical works were mostly in Sicilian. He founded a theatre company in Catania in the early part of the 20th century. In the latter stages of his life he had some success as a film director.\nFrom 1889 to 1904 he published a weekly magazine called D'Artagnan. It represents one of the very few periodicals ever to have been published in Sicilian to enjoy prolonged success. Its content included art, literature, theatre and politics, or more accurately, political satire.\nIn terms of the Sicilian language, Martoglio is an important figure in the establishment of Sicilian as an acceptable literary language.\nHis magazine also played a role in discovering such leading Italian illustrators as Giovanni Grasso and Angelo Musco. His theatre company debuted the works of renowned dramatists such as Pier Maria Rosso di San Secondo and the Nobel prize winner, Luigi Pirandello. He founded the Compagnia drammatica siciliana in 1903.\nFrom 1913 to 1915 he started directing movies. He enjoyed some success with Teresa Raquin and Sperduti nel buio. In 1919 he founded the Compagnia Drammatica del Teatro Mediterraneo. Martoglio\u2019s films are among a small core of films that constitute the realismo movement, which later inspired neorealism. In the 1930s, film critic and teacher Umberto Barbaro exalted Sperduti nel buio in his essays, and showed it in his classes at Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome. These classes were attended by Roberto Rossellini and Luchino Visconti, who would become instrumental in defining the neorealism film movement after the Second World War.\nHis best known theatrical works, which enjoyed success throughout Italy, include Nica (from 1903), L\u2019aria del Continente (from 1915), and San Giuvanni Decollato from 1908.\nHis most important literary work is Centona, a collection of poetry published in 1899.", "Q51993": "Ebola virus disease (EVD), or simply Ebola, is a viral haemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Vomiting, diarrhoea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time, some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing 25% to 90% of those infected, with an average of about 50%. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to 16 days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads through direct contact with body fluids, such as blood from infected humans or other animals. Spread may also occur from contact with items recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral haemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services and community engagement. This includes rapid detection, contact tracing of those who have been exposed, quick access to laboratory services, care for those infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans by handling potentially infected bushmeat only while wearing protective clothing, and by thoroughly cooking bushmeat before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. An Ebola vaccine was approved in the United States in December 2019. While there is no approved treatment for Ebola as of 2019, two treatments (REGN-EB3 and mAb114) are associated with improved outcomes. Supportive efforts also improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976, in two simultaneous outbreaks: one in Nzara (a town in South Sudan) and the other in Yambuku (Democratic Republic of the Congo), a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports 24 outbreaks involving 2,387 cases with 1,590 deaths. The largest outbreak to date was the epidemic in West Africa, which occurred from December 2013 to January 2016, with 28,646 cases and 11,323 deaths. It was declared no longer an emergency on 29 March 2016. Other outbreaks in Africa began in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in May 2017, and 2018. In July 2019, the World Health Organization declared the Congo Ebola outbreak a world health emergency.", "Q58009": "Wilhelm Stuckart (16 November 1902 \u2013 15 November 1953) was a German Nazi Party lawyer, official and a state secretary in the Reich Interior Ministry during the Nazi era.", "Q355209": "Richard Schiff (born May 27, 1955) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for playing Toby Ziegler on The West Wing, a role for which he received an Emmy Award. Schiff made his directorial debut with The West Wing, directing an episode entitled \"Talking Points\". He is on the National Advisory Board of the Council for a Livable World. He had a recurring role on the HBO series Ballers. Since September 2017 he has had a leading role in ABC's medical drama The Good Doctor, as Dr. Aaron Glassman, president of a fictional teaching hospital in San Jose, California.", "Q82513": "Merton College (in full: The House or College of Scholars of Merton in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Its foundation can be traced back to the 1260s when Walter de Merton, chancellor to Henry III and later to Edward I, first drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to support it. An important feature of Walter's foundation was that this \"college\" was to be self-governing and the endowments were directly vested in the Warden and Fellows.By 1274, when Walter retired from royal service and made his final revisions to the college statutes, the community was consolidated at its present site in the south east corner of the city of Oxford, and a rapid programme of building commenced. The hall and the chapel and the rest of the front quad were complete before the end of the 13th century. Mob Quad, one of Merton's quadrangles, was constructed between 1288 and 1378, and is claimed to be the oldest quadrangle in Oxford, while Merton College Library, located in Mob Quad and dating from 1373, is the oldest continuously functioning library for university academics and students in the world.Like many of Oxford's colleges, Merton admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979, after over seven centuries as an institution for men only.Notable alumni and academics past and present include four Nobel laureates and writer J. R. R. Tolkien who was Merton Professor of English Language and Literature from 1945 to 1959. Merton is one of the wealthiest colleges in Oxford and held funds totalling \u00a3272 million as of July 2017. Merton has a strong reputation for academic success, having regularly ranked first in the Norrington Table in recent years.", "Q36908": "Mountaineering is the set of activities that involves ascending mountains. Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing, skiing, and traversing via ferratas. Indoor climbing, sport climbing and bouldering are also considered mountaineering by some.Unlike most sports, mountaineering lacks widely-applied formal rules, regulations, and governance; mountaineers adhere to a large variety of techniques and philosophies when climbing mountains. Numerous local alpine clubs support mountaineers by hosting resources and social activities. A federation of alpine clubs, the International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation (UIAA), is the International Olympic Committee-recognized world organization for mountaineering and climbing.", "Q981846": "Muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e; born 15 September 1945) is a member of House of Saud who served as Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia from January to April 2015. He was Director General of Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah (Saudi Intelligence Agency) from 2005 to 2012. In July 2012, Muqrin was appointed King Abdullah's Advisor and Special Envoy with the rank of minister. On 1 February 2013, King Abdullah named him as Second Deputy Prime Minister, being the fifth Saudi royal to hold this position. This post was previously held by King Fahd, King Abdullah, Crown Prince Sultan, and Crown Prince Nayef. On 27 March 2014, he was named Deputy Crown Prince making him second in the line of succession behind his brother Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. On 23 January 2015, upon King Abdullah's death and the accession of King Salman, Muqrin became Crown Prince and First Deputy Prime Minister. Only three months later, on 29 April 2015, King Salman replaced Prince Muqrin with Prince Muhammad bin Nayef as Crown Prince who was also replaced in 2017 by the King's son, Prince Mohammed bin Salman.", "Q59317": "Arsenic and Old Lace is a 1944 American black comedy film directed by Frank Capra and starring Cary Grant. It was based on Joseph Kesselring's play Arsenic and Old Lace. The script adaptation was by Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein. The contract with the play\u2019s producers stipulated that the film would not be released until the Broadway run ended. The original planned release date was September 30, 1942. The play was a tremendous hit, running for three and a half years, so the film was not released until 1944. The lead role of Mortimer Brewster was originally intended for Bob Hope, but he could not be released from his contract with Paramount Pictures. Capra had also approached Jack Benny and Ronald Reagan before learning that Grant would accept the role. On the Broadway stage, Boris Karloff played Jonathan Brewster, who is said to \"look like Boris Karloff\". According to TCM, Karloff, who gave permission for the use of his name in the film, remained in the play to appease the producers, who were afraid of what stripping the play of all its primary cast would do to ticket sales. Raymond Massey took Karloff\u2019s place on screen. The film's supporting cast also features Priscilla Lane, Jack Carson, Edward Everett Horton and Peter Lorre.\nJosephine Hull and Jean Adair portray the Brewster sisters, Abby and Martha, respectively. Hull and Adair, as well as John Alexander (who played Teddy Brewster), were reprising their roles from the 1941 stage production. Hull and Adair both received an eight-week leave of absence from the stage production, which was still running, but Karloff did not as he was an investor in the stage production and its main draw. The entire film was shot within those eight weeks. The film cost just over $1.2 million of a $2 million budget to produce.", "Q292756": "Linh Dan Pham (born Ph\u1ea1m Linh \u0110an 1974) is a Vietnamese-born French actress.", "Q453351": "Christopher Latham Sholes (February 14, 1819 \u2013 February 17, 1890) was an American inventor who invented the QWERTY keyboard, and along with Samuel W. Soule, Carlos Glidden and John Pratt, has been contended as one of the inventors of the first typewriter in the United States. He was also a newspaper publisher and Wisconsin politician.", "Q3164410": "Jean-Baptiste Rolland (2 January 1815 \u2013 22 March 1888) was a Canadian printer, bookseller, businessman, and politician.\nBorn in Verch\u00e8res, Lower Canada, the son of Pierre Rolland and Euphrasine Donay, his family moved to Saint-Hyacinthe in 1828. In 1832, Rolland moved to Montreal where he worked as an apprentice typographer. In 1836, he worked as a journeyman for a Montreal newspaper. He later co-founded the printing firm of Rolland and Thompson and in 1843 decided to open a book shop in Montreal. He also printed and bound books. In 1859, he formed a partnership with his eldest son, Jean-Damien Rolland, and the firm was called J.-B. Rolland et Fils. His other sons would also join the partnership. In 1881, they decided to manufacture their own paper and opened a paper mill called the Rolland Paper Company (now a division of Cascades inc.).\nIn 1861, he was elected to the Montreal City Council for the East Ward and served until 1867. He was re-elected in 1871 and served until 1875. He was called to the Senate of Canada in 1887 for the senatorial division of Mille Isles on the advice of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald. A Conservative, he served barely five months until his death in 1888. His son-in-law was Raymond Pr\u00e9fontaine.\n\n", "Q156974": "\u00dast\u00ed nad Labem (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8u\u02d0sci\u02d0 \u02c8nad lab\u025bm] (listen)), formerly known by its German name Aussig, is the 7th-most populous city of the Czech Republic. It is the capital of its eponymous region and district. \u00dast\u00ed is situated in a mountainous district at the confluence of the B\u00edlina and Elbe rivers. It is a major industrial center and, besides being an active river port, is an important railway junction.", "Q385558": "Rough Trade Records is an independent record label based in London, England. It was formed in 1978 by Geoff Travis who had opened a record store off Ladbroke Grove. Having successfully promoted and sold records by punk rock and early post-punk and indie pop bands such as the Smiths and Desperate Bicycles, Travis began to manage acts and distribute bands such as Scritti Politti and began the label, which was informed by left-wing politics and structured as a co-operative. Soon after, Rough Trade also set up a distribution arm that serviced independent retail outlets across Britain, a network that became known as the Cartel.\nInterest and investment of major labels in the UK indie scene in the late 1980s, as well as overtrading on behalf of Rough Trade's distribution wing, led to cash flow problems, and eventually to bankruptcy, forcing the label into receivership. However, Travis resurrected the label in the late 1990s, finding success with the Libertines, the Strokes and Antony and the Johnsons. The roster has been diverse, ranging stylistically through alternative rock, post-punk and new wave, garage rock, and psychedelic rock, but also art pop, folk, electronica, and soul.", "Q110921": "Hermann Robert Dietrich (14 December 1879 \u2013 6 March 1954) was a German politician of the liberal German Democratic Party and served as a minister during the Weimar Republic.", "Q1729": "Erfurt ( AIR-furt, AIR-foort; German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025b\u0281f\u028a\u0281t] (listen)) is the capital and largest city in the state of Thuringia, central Germany.\nErfurt lies in the southern part of the Thuringian Basin, within the wide valley of the Gera river. It is located 100 km (62 mi) south-west of Leipzig, 300 km (186 mi) south-west of Berlin, 400 km (249 mi) north of Munich and 250 km (155 mi) north-east of Frankfurt. Together with a string of neighbouring cities Gotha, Weimar, Jena and others, Erfurt forms the central metropolitan corridor of Thuringia called Th\u00fcringer St\u00e4dtekette (German \"Thuringian city chain\") with over 500,000 inhabitants.\nErfurt's old town is one of the best preserved medieval city centres in Germany. Tourist attractions include the Kr\u00e4merbr\u00fccke (Merchants' bridge), the Old Synagogue, the ensemble of Erfurt Cathedral and Severikirche (St Severus's Church) and Petersberg Citadel, one of the largest and best preserved town fortresses in Europe. The city's economy is based on agriculture, horticulture and microelectronics. Its central location has led to it becoming a logistics hub for Germany and central Europe. Erfurt hosts the second-largest trade fair in eastern Germany (after Leipzig) as well as the public television children's channel KiKa.\nThe city is situated on the Via Regia, a medieval trade and pilgrims' road network. Modern day Erfurt is also a hub for ICE high speed trains and other German and European transport networks. Erfurt was first mentioned in 742, as Saint Boniface founded the diocese. Although the town did not belong to any of the Thuringian states politically, it quickly became the economic centre of the region and it was a member of the Hanseatic League. It was part of the Electorate of Mainz during the Holy Roman Empire, and later became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1802. From 1949 until 1990 Erfurt was part of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).\nThe University of Erfurt was founded in 1379, making it the first university to be established within the geographic area which constitutes modern-day Germany. It closed in 1816 and was re-established in 1994, with the main modern campus on what was a teachers' training college. Martin Luther (1483\u20131546) was its most famous student, studying there from 1501 before entering St Augustine's Monastery in 1505. Other noted Erfurters include the medieval philosopher and mystic Meister Eckhart (c. 1260\u20131328), the Baroque composer Johann Pachelbel (1653\u20131706) and the sociologist Max Weber (1864\u20131920).\n\n", "Q318309": "Giorgio Bassani (4 March 1916 \u2013 13 April 2000) was an Italian novelist, poet, essayist, editor, and international intellectual.", "Q72192": "Gregor Reisch (born at Balingen in W\u00fcrttemberg, about 1467; died at Freiburg, Baden, 9 May 1525) was a German Carthusian humanist writer. He is best known for his compilation Margarita philosophica.", "Q91209": "Hans Axel Tammo Graf von Schwerin-L\u00f6witz (19 May 1847, L\u00f6witz \u2013 4 November 1918) was a German politician and officer.", "Q42051": "Star Wars: Episode III \u2013 Revenge of the Sith is a 2005 American epic space-opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker and Frank Oz. It is the final installment in the Star Wars prequel trilogy, the third chapter in the Skywalker saga and the sixth Star Wars film to be released overall.\nRevenge of the Sith is set three years after the onset of the Clone Wars, established in Star Wars: Episode II \u2013 Attack of the Clones (2002). The Jedi are spread across the galaxy, leading a large-scale war against the Separatists. After Count Dooku is killed, the Jedi Council dispatches Obi-Wan Kenobi to eliminate General Grievous, the leader of the Separatist army, and put an end to the war. Meanwhile, after having premonitions of his wife Padm\u00e9 Amidala dying in childbirth, Anakin Skywalker is tasked by the Council to spy on Palpatine, the Supreme Chancellor of the Galactic Republic and, secretly, a Sith lord known as Darth Sidious. Palpatine manipulates Anakin into turning to the dark side of the Force and becoming his apprentice, Darth Vader, with wide-ranging consequences for the galaxy.\nLucas began writing the script before production of Attack of the Clones ended. Production of Revenge of the Sith started in September 2003, and filming took place in Australia with additional locations in Thailand, Switzerland, China, Italy and the United Kingdom. Revenge of the Sith premiered on May 15, 2005, at the Cannes Film Festival, then released worldwide on May 19, 2005. The film received generally positive reviews from critics; praise was directed towards its action sequences, mature themes, musical score, visual effects, costumes, makeup and the performances of McGregor, McDiarmid, Oz, and Jimmy Smits; criticism largely focused on its dialogue and Christensen's performance.\nRevenge of the Sith broke several box office records during its opening week and went on to earn over $868 million worldwide, making it the second-highest-grossing film in the Star Wars franchise at the time. It was the highest-grossing film in the U.S. and the second-highest-grossing film worldwide in 2005. The film also holds the record for the highest opening day gross on a Thursday, making $50 million.", "Q6046": "Novara (Italian pronunciation: [no\u02c8va\u02d0ra] (listen); Nu\u00e0ra [nu\u02c8(\u028b)\u0251\u02d0ra] in the local Lombard dialect) is the capital city of the province of Novara in the Piedmont region in northwest Italy, to the west of Milan. With 104,268 inhabitants (as of 30 April 2019), it is the second most populous city in Piedmont after Turin. It is an important crossroads for commercial traffic along the routes from Milan to Turin and from Genoa to Switzerland. Novara lies between the rivers Agogna and Terdoppio in northeastern Piedmont, 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Milan and 95 kilometres (59 mi) from Turin.", "Q310755": "Marie Ennemond Camille Jordan (French: [\u0292\u0254\u0280d\u00e3]; 5 January 1838 \u2013 22 January 1922) was a French mathematician, known both for his foundational work in group theory and for his influential Cours d'analyse.", "Q1237689": "Jerry Hadley (June 16, 1952 \u2013 July 18, 2007) was an American operatic tenor. He received three Grammy awards for his vocal performances in the recordings of Jen\u016ffa (2004 Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording), Susannah (1995 Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording), and Candide (1992 Grammy Award for Best Classical Album). Hadley was a leading American tenor for nearly two decades. He was mentored by soprano Joan Sutherland and her husband, conductor Richard Bonynge. Leonard Bernstein chose Hadley for his 1989 recording of Candide on Deutsche Grammophon. A versatile singer, Hadley was equally at home in opera and operetta and on Broadway.", "Q7358": "A clown is a comic performer who employs slapstick or similar types of physical comedy, often in a mime style.", "Q80304": "Korn (stylized as Ko\u042fn) is an American nu metal band from Bakersfield, California, formed in 1993. The band is notable for pioneering the nu metal genre and bringing it into the mainstream.Originally formed in 1993 by three members of the band L.A.P.D., Korn's current lineup features founding members James \"Munky\" Shaffer (rhythm guitar), Reginald \"Fieldy\" Arvizu (bass), Brian \"Head\" Welch (lead guitar, backing vocals), and Jonathan Davis (lead vocals, bagpipes), with the addition of Ray Luzier (drums) in 2007, replacing the band's first drummer, David Silveria.\nKorn made a demo tape, Neidermayer's Mind, in 1993, which was distributed free to record companies and on request to members of the public. Their debut album, Korn, was released in 1994, followed by Life Is Peachy in 1996. The band first experienced mainstream success with Follow the Leader (1998) and Issues (1999), both of which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. The band's mainstream success continued with Untouchables (2002), Take a Look in the Mirror (2003) and See You on the Other Side (2005).\nA compilation album, Greatest Hits Vol. 1, was released in 2004, spanning a decade of singles and concluding the band's recording contract with Immortal Records and Epic Records. They signed to Virgin Records, releasing See You on the Other Side in 2005, and an untitled album in 2007. Korn's other recent albums, Korn III: Remember Who You Are (2010) and The Path of Totality (2011), were released via Roadrunner Records, The Paradigm Shift (2013) being released via Prospect Park and Caroline Records. The Serenity of Suffering, saw their return to Roadrunner Records. Their latest album, The Nothing, was released on September 13, 2019.\nAs of 2012, Korn had sold more than 35 million records worldwide. Twelve of the band's official releases have peaked in the top ten of the Billboard 200, eight of which have peaked in the top five. Seven official releases are certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), two are certified double platinum, one is certified triple platinum, one is certified five times platinum and two are certified Gold. Korn has released seven video albums and thirty-nine music videos. The band has released forty-one singles, twenty-eight of which have charted. Korn has earned two Grammy Awards out of eight nominations and two MTV Video Music Awards out of eleven nominations.\n\n", "Q233826": "Fairuza Balk (born Fairuza Alejandra Feldthouse, May 21, 1974) is an American actress and musician. She made her theatrical film debut as Dorothy Gale in Disney's 1985 film Return to Oz. Balk also appeared in Valmont, The Craft, The Island of Dr. Moreau, American History X, The Waterboy, Almost Famous, and Personal Velocity: Three Portraits.", "Q316324": "Arms and the Man or Heroes (German: Helden) is a 1958 West German historical comedy film directed by Franz Peter Wirth and based on the play of the same name by George Bernard Shaw. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. It was also entered into the 1959 Cannes Film Festival.The film's sets were designed by the art director Hermann Warm. It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich.", "Q192088": "Eton College () is a 13\u201318 independent boarding school for boys in the parish of Eton, near Windsor in Berkshire, England. It was founded in 1440 by King Henry VI as Kynge's College of Our Ladye of Eton besyde Windesore (The King's College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor), as a sister institution to King's College, Cambridge, making it the 18th-oldest Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference school. Eton's history and influence have made Eton one of the most prestigious schools in the world.Following the public school tradition, Eton is a full boarding school, which means pupils live at the school seven days a week, and it is one of only four such remaining single-sex boys', boarding-only independent senior schools in the United Kingdom (the others being Harrow, Radley, and Winchester). The remainder have since become co-educational: Rugby (1976), Charterhouse (1971), Westminster (1973), and Shrewsbury (2015). Eton has educated prime ministers, world leaders, Nobel laureates and generations of the aristocracy and has been referred to as \"the chief nurse of England's statesmen\".Eton charges up to \u00a342,501 per year (\u00a314,167 per term, with three terms per academic year, in 2019). Eton was noted as being the sixth most expensive HMC boarding school in the UK in 2013/14, however the school admits some boys with modest parental income: in 2011 it was reported that around 250 boys received \"significant\" financial help from the school, with the figure rising to 263 pupils in 2014, receiving the equivalent of around 60% of school fee assistance, whilst a further 63 received their education free of charge. Eton has also announced plans to increase the figure to around 320 pupils, with 70 educated free of charge, with the intention that the number of pupils receiving financial assistance from the school continues to increase.\n\n", "Q725519": "Keith Howell Charles Allen (born 2 September 1953) is a Welsh actor and television presenter. He is the father of singer Lily Allen and actor Alfie Allen, and brother of actor and director Kevin Allen.", "Q117096": "Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay Sr. (August 31, 1907 \u2013 March 17, 1957) was a Filipino statesman who served as the seventh President of the Philippines, from December 30, 1953 until his death in an aircraft disaster. An automobile mechanic by profession, Magsaysay was appointed military governor of Zambales after his outstanding service as a guerilla leader during the Pacific War. He then served two terms as Liberal Party congressman for Zambales before being appointed Secretary of National Defense by President Elpidio Quirino. He was elected president under the banner of the Nacionalista Party.\nHe was the first Philippine president born during the 20th century and the first to be born after the Spanish colonial era.\n\n", "Q3294029": "Mark Evan Cerny (born August 24, 1964) is an American video game designer, programmer, producer and entertainment executive. Raised in the San Francisco Bay Area, Cerny graduated from The College Preparatory School and attended UC Berkeley before dropping out to pursue a career in video games.\nIn his early years, he spent time at Atari, Sega, Crystal Dynamics and Universal Interactive Studios before deciding to become an independent consultant under his own company Cerny Games in 1998. He since has frequently collaborated with Sony Interactive Entertainment, including being the lead designer for hardware of several PlayStation consoles, and has consulted with both Naughty Dog and Insomniac Games since their creation in the 1990s, as well as other Sony first-party studios. He has also developed several games, notably the arcade game Marble Madness and the Knack series of games, and credited on many more for his consulting work.\nIn 2004, he was the recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Game Developers Association, and was inducted into the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame in 2010.", "Q64096": "Markus Meckel (born August 18, 1952) is a German theologian and politician. He was the penultimate foreign minister of the GDR and a member of the German Bundestag.\n\n", "Q513761": "Frankie Negr\u00f3n (born January 21, 1977, in Newark, New Jersey) is a singer of salsa music of Puerto Rican descent. He is among a group of notable young tropical singers and soneros who have woven a blend of pop, rock, gospel music, R&B, hip-hop, and reggaet\u00f3n elements into their salsa, a group that includes Huey Dunbar, Charlie Cruz, Kevin Ceballo, and Obie Berm\u00fadez. Siblings include a younger sister, Jaqueline Negr\u00f3n (Jackie Negr\u00f3n), who is also a singer and dancer, and a brother, David Negr\u00f3n.\n\n", "Q90671": "Eduard Karl August Riehm (20 December 1830 \u2013 5 April 1888) was a German Protestant theologian.\nHe was born at Diersburg in Baden. He studied theology and philology at Heidelberg and later at Halle under Hermann Hupfeld, who persuaded him to include Arabic, Syriac and Egyptian. Entering the ministry in 1853, he was made vicar at Durlach soon afterwards, and became a licentiate in the theological faculty at Heidelberg. In 1854 he was appointed garrison-preacher at Mannheim for the Evangelical Church in Baden; and in 1858 he was licensed to lecture at Heidelberg, where in 1861 he was made professor extraordinarius. In 1862 he obtained a similar post at Halle, and in 1866 was promoted to the rank of professor ordinarius. As of 1878 he was a member of provincial synod of the Ecclesiastical Province of Saxony within the Evangelical Church of Prussia's older Provinces, advancing to member of the provincial synodal board in 1885, and becoming a member of the old-Prussian general synod too.Throughout his life he followed Hupfeld's plan in his scientific treatment of the Old Testament\u2014that of reconciling the results of a free criticism with a belief in divine revelations. His practical experience of pastoral work also proved of service to him when he became a professor of theology, for if there is one quality more striking than another in the writings of Riehm, it is that of sympathy with orthodox believers (TK Cheyne). In 1865 Riehm was made a member of the commission for the revision of Luther's translation of the Bible, and became one of the editors of the quarterly review, Theologische Studien und Kritiken.His works include:\n\nDie Gesetzgebung Moses im Lande Moab (1854), in which the Deuteronomic law book is assigned to the second half of the reign of Manasseh\nLehrbegriff des Hebr\u00e4erbriefes (1858\u201359, 2nd ed. 1867)\nHermann Hupfeld, Lebens-und Charakterbild des deutschen Professors (1867)\nDie Messianische Weissagung (1875, 2nd ed. 1883; Eng. trans. 1890)\nReligion und Wissenschaft (1881)\nthe well-known Handw\u00f6rterbuchs des biblischen Altertums f\u00fcr gebildete Bibelleser (2 vols., 1884; 2nd. ed. revised by F Baethgen, 1892\u201394)After his death were published the Einleitung in das Alte Testament (1889, ed. by A Brandt), in which the date of the Deuteronomic law book is placed earlier than in his book on the legislation of Moses\u2014shortly before or at the beginning of the reign of Hezekiah; and his Alttestamentliche Theologie (1889, ed. by Pahncke). See Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklop\u00e4die, and TK Cheyne, Founders of Old Testament Criticism.", "Q441033": "Nadia Far\u00e8s (Arabic: \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 , born 20 December 1973 in Marrakech, Morocco) is a French actress. She rose to international fame with the police thriller Les Rivi\u00e8res pourpres (The Crimson Rivers). She appeared as Jade Agent Kinler in the 2007 action/thriller War, and as Pia in the 2007 horror film Storm Warning.", "Q195081": "The National University of Theatre and Film \"I.L.Caragiale\" Bucharest (Romanian: Universitatea Na\u0163ional\u0103 de Art\u0103 Teatral\u0103 \u015fi Cinematografic\u0103 \u201cI.L.Caragiale\u201d) is a public university in Bucharest, Romania, founded in 1954. It is named in honor of Ion Luca Caragiale.", "Q12100": "Fencing is a group of three related combat sports. The three disciplines in modern fencing are the foil, the \u00e9p\u00e9e, and the sabre (also saber); winning points are made through the weapon's contact with an opponent. A fourth discipline, singlestick, appeared in the 1904 Olympics but was dropped after that, and is not a part of modern fencing. Fencing was one of the first sports to be played in the Olympics. Based on the traditional skills of swordsmanship, the modern sport arose at the end of the 19th century, with the Italian school having modified the historical European martial art of classical fencing, and the French school later refining the Italian system. There are three forms of modern fencing, each of which uses a different kind of weapon and has different rules; thus the sport itself is divided into three competitive scenes: foil, \u00e9p\u00e9e, and sabre. Most competitive fencers choose to specialize in one weapon only.\nCompetitive fencing is one of the five activities which have been featured in every modern Olympic Games, the other four being athletics, cycling, swimming, and gymnastics.", "Q34879": "A staphylococcus infection or staph infection is an infection caused by members of the Staphylococcus genus of bacteria. These bacteria commonly inhabit the skin and nose where they are innocuous, but may enter the body through cuts or abrasions which may be nearly invisible. Once inside the body, the bacterium may spread to a number of body systems and organs, including the heart, where the toxins produced by the bacterium may cause cardiac arrest. Once the bacterium has been identified as the cause of the illness, treatment is often in the form of antibiotics and, where possible, drainage of the infected area. However, many strains of this bacterium have become antibiotic resistant; for those suffering these kinds of infection, the body's own immune system is the only defense against the disease. If that system is weakened or compromised, the disease may progress rapidly. Anyone can contract Staph, but pregnant women, children, and people with chronic diseases or who are immuno-deficient are often more susceptible to contracting an infection.", "Q359355": "Kjetil-Vidar Haraldstad (stage name Frost; born 28 June 1973 in \u00d8yer, Oppland, Norway) is the drummer in black metal bands Satyricon and 1349.Frost has previously performed with Gorgoroth, Zyklon-B, Gehenna and Keep Of Kalessin. He originally joined Satyricon temporarily to record the demo The Forest is My Throne, later joining the band full-time. He has a degree in Engineering, having taken a course in Computer Science at the University of Oslo.He is regarded as one of the fastest and most proficient drummers in the black metal and extreme metal genres. Frost employs various drumming styles when performing with different bands; in 1349 and early Satyricon he extensively uses blast beats, with his most recent work in Satyricon being more thought-out and mid-tempo. On 1349's 2009 studio album Revelations of the Black Flame he played at a slower speed as it was a more experimental album, but for every other release by the band he has consistently played at higher speeds. On all Satyricon albums his role is credited simply as \"battery\".\nFrost was denied entry to North America by the US Department of Homeland Security upon failing to note having been sentenced to 5 months for assault (during a bar fight in the early '90s) when applying for his work visa.\nOn 1349 tours before 2008, he was replaced by Tony Laureano. Joey Jordison and Trym Torson have performed with Satyricon on North American tour dates. He later was able to perform again in the United States.He appeared in the documentary film Until The Light Takes Us as part of an art piece by Norwegian artist Bjarne Melgaard, featuring him firebreathing, cutting himself with a knife, and destroying the set.Since 2018 Frost adapts a mostly plant-based vegan diet. He says that he has shown appreciation for good food and believes it will be the future in terms of what humans consume on a daily basis. He predicts that \"the world will be completely different on the subject of food \u2014 and even quality of food, actually.\" Frost also says that his diet helped him become more productive with Satyricon.", "Q515310": "Karel Hal\u00ed\u0159 (1 February 1859 \u2013 21 December 1909) was a Czech violinist who lived mainly in Germany. \"Karel\" is also seen as Karol, Karl or Carl; \"Hal\u00ed\u0159\" is also seen as Halir or Hali\u0159.", "Q14571": "Kriens is a city and a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.\nThe municipality lies at the foot of the mountain Pilatus, and is a western suburb of Lucerne.", "Q3623514": "Arnaldo Maria Angelini (1909\u20131999) was an Italian engineer and Professor of Electrotechnics at the Sapienza University of Rome, known for contributions in the development of nuclear generating stations as well as hydro and pumped hydro stations, and the improvement of Italy's transmission and distribution systems.", "Q101192": "Hans-Peter Bartels (born 7 May 1961) is a German politician of the SPD who served as member of the Bundestag for Kiel. In 2015, he succeeded Hellmut K\u00f6nigshaus as Parliamentary Commissioner for the Armed Forces.", "Q960474": "Marc-Philippe Daubresse (born 1 August 1953) was the French Minister for Youth and Active Solidarities.\n\n", "Q755798": "Milford is a city within Coastal Connecticut and New Haven County, Connecticut, between Bridgeport, Connecticut and New Haven, Connecticut, United States. The population was estimated to be 53,120 in a July 2018 estimate. The city includes the borough of Woodmont. Milford is part of the New York-Newark Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area.\n\n", "Q46551": "The Prestige is a 2006 psychological thriller film directed by Christopher Nolan and written by Nolan and his brother Jonathan, based on the 1995 novel by Christopher Priest. It follows Robert Angier and Alfred Borden, rival stage magicians in London at the end of the 19th century. Obsessed with creating the best stage illusion, they engage in competitive one-upmanship, with fatal results.\nThe film stars Hugh Jackman as Robert Angier, Christian Bale as Alfred Borden, and David Bowie as Nikola Tesla. It also stars Scarlett Johansson, Michael Caine, Piper Perabo, Andy Serkis, and Rebecca Hall. The film reunites Nolan with actors Bale and Caine from Batman Begins and returning cinematographer Wally Pfister, production designer Nathan Crowley, and editor Lee Smith.\nThe film was released on October 20, 2006, receiving positive reviews and a moderate box office success, and received Academy Award nominations for Best Cinematography and Best Art Direction. Along with The Illusionist and Scoop, The Prestige was one of three films released in 2006 to explore the world of stage magicians.", "Q241268": "Giacinta Juanita Cordelia Arabella Luciana Rosalina Barrett (born August 2, 1972), known professionally as Jacinda Barrett, is an Australian\u2013American actress and former model, first became known to audience as a cast member on The Real World: London (1995) before appearing in films such as The Human Stain (2003), Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (2004), Ladder 49 (2004), The Namesake (2006), Poseidon (2006), and The Last Kiss (2006). She appeared in the series The Following in 2013 and joined the main cast of the Netflix series Bloodline, which launched in 2015.", "Q334185": "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 (related marketing as The Texas Chainsaw Massacre Part 2) is a 1986 American black comedy slasher film directed by Tobe Hooper. It serves as a sequel to The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, also directed and co-written by Hooper. It was written by L. M. Kit Carson and produced by Carson, Yoram Globus, Menahem Golan and Hooper. Starring Dennis Hopper, Caroline Williams, Bill Johnson, Bill Moseley and Jim Siedow, the plot follows a radio host victimized and captured by Leatherface and his cannibalistic family while a former Texas Marshall hunts them down.\nDuring its theatrical release, the film grossed $8 million against its $4.7 million budget and became popular on home video. The sequel received a mixed reception from critics and audiences alike. Positives and negatives referred to its emphasis on black comedy and gore, which departed from the first film's utilized minimal gore, low-budget v\u00e9rit\u00e9 style and atmosphere to build tension and fear. Director Tobe Hooper decided to focus on its black comedy as he believed this was present in the first film, but was unacknowledged by viewers because of its gritty content. Despite the mixed reception, the film eventually gained a cult following. It was followed by Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III.", "Q2419519": "Theresa Gattung is a New Zealand businessperson and the former chief executive of Telecom New Zealand (1993\u20132007).", "Q1805943": "Lari Michele White Cannon (; May 13, 1965 \u2013 January 23, 2018) was an American country music artist and actress. She first gained national attention in 1988 as a winner on You Can Be a Star, a talent competition which aired on The Nashville Network. A recording contract with RCA Records Nashville followed a year later, producing three studio albums, a greatest hits package, and several chart singles, with three of her singles having reached Top Ten: \"That's My Baby\" and \"That's How You Know (When You're In Love)\" at No. 10, and \"Now I Know\" at No. 5. A fourth studio album was released in 1998 on Lyric Street Records, followed by two more releases on her own label, Skinny White Girl. Overall, White charted twelve times on the Billboard country music charts. White was also married to Nashville-based songwriter Chuck Cannon.", "Q3159949": "Jacques R. Saad\u00e9 (Arabic: \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u200e; 7 February 1937 \u2013 24 June 2018) was a French-Lebanese billionaire businessman. He was the founder and chairman of the CMA CGM, a French container transportation and shipping company, third largest in the world.\n\n", "Q210741": "Eric Idle (born 29 March 1943) is an English comedian, actor, author, and musician. Idle is a former member of the British surreal comedy group Monty Python, a member of the parody rock band The Rutles, and the writer, for the music and lyrics, of the Broadway musical Spamalot (based on Monty Python and the Holy Grail).\nKnown for his elaborate wordplay and musical numbers, Idle performed many of Python's songs, including \u201cAlways Look on the Bright Side of Life\u201d (from Life of Brian), and the \u201cGalaxy Song\u201d (from The Meaning of Life). After Monty Python's Flying Circus, he hosted Saturday Night Live in the US four times in the first five seasons. Idle's initially successful solo career faltered in the 1990s with the failures of his 1993 film Splitting Heirs (written, produced by, and starring him) and 1998's An Alan Smithee Film: Burn Hollywood Burn (in which he starred). He revived his career by returning to the source of his worldwide fame, adapting Monty Python material for other media. Following the success of the musical Spamalot (which won the Tony Award for Best Musical), he also wrote Not the Messiah, an oratorio derived from the Life of Brian. He featured in a one-hour symphony of British Music when he performed to a global audience at the London 2012 Olympic Games closing ceremony.", "Q10717": "Georgetown is a city and the capital of Guyana, located in Region 4, which is also known as the Demerara-Mahaica region. It is the country's largest urban centre. It is situated on the Atlantic Ocean coast at the mouth of the Demerara River and it was nicknamed the \"Garden City of the Caribbean\".\nGeorgetown serves primarily as a retail and administrative centre. It also serves as a financial services centre. The city recorded a population of 200,500 in the 2016 census.", "Q548003": "Cheick Modibo Diarra (born 1952) is a Malian astrophysicist, businessman, and politician who was acting Prime Minister of Mali from April 2012 to December 2012.\nOn 11 December 2012, Diarra presented his resignation on state television in a broadcast at 4 a.m. local time, hours after soldiers who led the 2012 Malian coup d'\u00e9tat arrested him at his home in Bamako.", "Q76492": "Fritz Reuter (7 November 1810 \u2013 12 July 1874; born as Heinrich Ludwig Christian Friedrich Reuter) was a novelist from Northern Germany who was a prominent contributor to Low German literature.", "Q59471": "Adib Bin Hassan Al-Shishakli (Arabic: \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u200e, 1909 \u2013 27 September 1964) was a Syrian military leader and President of Syria (1953\u201354).", "Q125024": "Rachel Zawadi Luttrell (born 19 January 1971) is a Tanzanian-Canadian actress best known for her role as Teyla Emmagan, an Athosian warrior leader on Stargate Atlantis.", "Q443624": "Rick Falkvinge (born Dick Greger Augustsson on 21 January 1972) is a Swedish information technology entrepreneur and founder of the Swedish Pirate Party. He is currently a political evangelist with the party, spreading the ideas across the world.", "Q1340415": "Timothy W. \"Tim\" Alexander (born April 10, 1965 in Cherry Point, North Carolina) is an American musician best known as the drummer for the rock band Primus. Alexander played on Primus recordings from Suck on This to Tales from the Punchbowl, before leaving the band in 1996, only to rejoin in 2003 for the EP Animals Should Not Try to Act Like People. Alexander left the band for a second time in 2010, only to rejoin again in 2013. Alexander is hailed frequently for his \"polyrhythmic\" playing.", "Q40120": "Luino (Western Lombard: L\u00fcin) is a small town and comune near the border with Switzerland on the eastern shore of Lake Maggiore, in the Province of Varese (Lombardy, northern Italy).\nLuino received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree in 1969.\nLuino is well known for its weekly market, currently held on Wednesdays, which is purportedly the largest of its kind in Europe. It is also a popular destination for tourists, especially from Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands.", "Q6625963": "A novelist is an author or writer of novels, though often novelists also write in other genres of both fiction and non-fiction. Some novelists are professional novelists, thus make a living writing novels and other fiction, while others aspire to support themselves in this way or write as an avocation. Most novelists struggle to get their debut novel published, but once published they often continue to be published, although very few become literary celebrities, thus gaining prestige or a considerable income from their work.\nNovelists come from a variety of backgrounds and social classes, and frequently this shapes the content of their works. Public reception of a novelist's work, the literary criticism commenting on it, and the novelists' incorporation of their own experiences into works and characters can lead to the author's personal life and identity being associated with a novel's fictional content. For this reason, the environment within which a novelist works and the reception of their novels by both the public and publishers can be influenced by their demographics or identity; important among these culturally constructed identities are gender, sexual identity, social class, race or ethnicity, nationality, religion, and an association with place. Similarly, some novelists have creative identities derived from their focus on different genres of fiction, such as crime, romance or historical novels.\nWhile many novelists compose fiction to satisfy personal desires, novelists and commentators often ascribe a particular social responsibility or role to novel writers. Many authors use such moral imperatives to justify different approaches to novel writing, including activism or different approaches to representing reality \"truthfully\".\n\n", "Q4137": "Elsa Triolet (24 September [O.S. 12 September] 1896 \u2013 16 June 1970), born Ella Yurievna Kagan (Russian: \u042d\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d), was a Russian-French writer.", "Q66859": "Emma Anna Maria Zimmer (n\u00e9e Mezel; 14 August 1888 \u2013 20 September 1948) was a female overseer at the Lichtenburg concentration camp, the Ravensbr\u00fcck concentration camp and the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination/concentration camp for several years during the war.\nMezel was born in 1888 in Schl\u00fcchtern. In 1938, she became a guard at the Lichtenburg early concentration camp, where she became assistant camp leader under Johanna Langefeld. In 1939, she was assigned to the Ravensbr\u00fcck concentration camp, where she served as assistant chief leader, and in October 1942, she became assistant camp leader at Auschwitz II (Birkenau) as an SS-Stellvertretende Oberaufseherin.On 1 June 1943, one month before her 55th birthday, she was granted permission to stay on staff as a female overseer at Ravensbr\u00fcck, despite her age. She was one of the first chief woman officers at Ravensbr\u00fcck from 1939\u201341, and took an active part in the selection of internees to be gassed during 1941 at the Bernberg Euthanasia Center near Berlin. Zimmer served as a guard at Ravensbr\u00fcck, and was known in the camp for being brutal and sadistic in her guard duties. At Auschwitz, she was particularly feared: \"Our supervisor was an old and mean SS-woman called Emma Zimmer. She was vicious and dangerous and frightening us constantly with threats, proclaiming in a sadistic voice, \"I will report you and then you will go away, you know where? Just one way-up the chimney.\" We hated her and were scared of her.\"She was awarded the War Merit Cross Second Class without swords. Zimmer stood trial at the seventh Ravensbr\u00fcck Trial and was sentenced to death for her war crimes. She was hanged by Albert Pierrepoint on the gallows at Hamelin Prison on 20 September 1948; she was 60 years old.", "Q29196": "Thomas Boni Yayi (born 1 January 1952) is a Beninese banker and politician who was President of Benin from 2006 to 2016. He took office after winning the March 2006 presidential election and was re-elected to a second term in March 2011. He also served as the Chairperson of the African Union from 29 January 2012 to 27 January 2013.", "Q1666631": "Jan Cornelis \"Jan Kees\" de Jager (born 10 February 1969) is a retired Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and businessman. He is the CFO of KPN since 1 November 2014", "Q445255": "Kristen Miller (born August 20, 1976) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Ashley Elliot on the sitcom USA High (1997\u20131999) and Deedra \"D.D.\" Cummings on the action-adventure series She Spies (2002\u20132004).\nMiller has also had recurring roles and made guest appearances on many television shows, including Undressed (2000), That's My Bush! (2001), Charmed (2004), Two and a Half Men (2005), Joey (2005), I Hate My 30's (2007), Las Vegas (2008), 90210 (2009), Dexter (2011), Mad Men (2012), Castle (2012) and The Glades (2013). Her films include Cherry Falls (2000), Team America: World Police (2004), The Fallen Ones (2005) and Single White Female 2: The Psycho (2005). She also provided the voice-over role for the character Rio in the video game Lifeline (2004).", "Q27940582": "Dumas Oro\u00f1o (30 October 1921 \u2013 28 January 2005) was a Uruguayan artist, cultural manager, and teacher. His artistic work spanned several disciplines, including painting, engraving, ceramics, murals, and jewelry design.\n\n", "Q183813": "Justin II (Latin: Iustinus Iunior; Greek: \u1f38\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2; c. 520 \u2013 5 October 578) was Eastern Roman Emperor from 565 to 574. He was the husband of Sophia, nephew of Justinian I and the Empress Theodora, and was therefore a member of the Justinian Dynasty. His reign was marked by war with the Sassanid Empire, and the loss of the greater part of Italy. He presented the Cross of Justin II to Saint Peter's, Rome.", "Q234807": "Mar\u00eda del Carmen Garc\u00eda Maura OAXS (born 15 September 1945) is a Spanish actress. In a career that has spanned six decades, Maura is best known for her collaborations with noted Spanish film directors Pedro Almod\u00f3var and \u00c1lex de la Iglesia. Maura holds the record (with three) for most Goya Awards for Best Leading Actress than any other actress in the history of Spanish film. She also won a Cesar Award in 2013 and a Cannes Film Festival Award in 2006.", "Q34851": "Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor (February 27, 1932 \u2013 March 23, 2011) was a British-American actress, businesswoman, and humanitarian. She began her career as a child actress in the early 1940s, and was one of the most popular stars of classical Hollywood cinema in the 1950s. She continued her career successfully into the 1960s, and remained a well-known public figure for the rest of her life. In 1999, the American Film Institute named her the seventh-greatest female screen legend.\nBorn in London to socially prominent American parents, Taylor moved with her family to Los Angeles in 1939. She made her acting debut in a minor role in the Universal Pictures film There's One Born Every Minute (1942) but the studio ended her contract after a year. She was then signed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and became a popular teen star after appearing in National Velvet (1944). She transitioned to more mature roles in the 1950s, when she starred in the comedy Father of the Bride (1950) and received critical acclaim for her performance in the drama A Place in the Sun (1951).\nDespite being one of MGM's most bankable stars, Taylor wished to end her career in the early 1950s. She resented the studio's control and disliked many of the films to which she was assigned. She began receiving roles she enjoyed more in the mid-1950s, beginning with the epic drama Giant (1956), and starred in several critically and commercially successful films in the following years. These included two film adaptations of plays by Tennessee Williams: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958), and Suddenly, Last Summer (1959); Taylor won a Golden Globe for Best Actress for the latter. Although she disliked her role as a call girl in BUtterfield 8 (1960), her last film for MGM, she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance.\nDuring the filming, Taylor and co-star Richard Burton began an extramarital affair, which caused a scandal. Despite public disapproval, she and Burton continued their relationship and were married in 1964. Dubbed \"Liz and Dick\" by the media, they starred in 11 films together, including The V.I.P.s (1963), The Sandpiper (1965), The Taming of the Shrew (1967), and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966). Taylor received the best reviews of her career for Woolf, winning her second Academy Award and several other awards for her performance. She and Burton divorced in 1974, but reconciled soon after, and remarried in 1975. The second marriage ended in divorce in 1976.\nTaylor's acting career began to decline in the late 1960s, although she continued starring in films until the mid-1970s, after which she focused on supporting the career of her sixth husband, United States Senator John Warner (R-Virginia). In the 1980s, she acted in her first substantial stage roles and in several television films and series. She also became the first celebrity to launch a perfume brand. Taylor was one of the first celebrities to take part in HIV/AIDS activism. She co-founded the American Foundation for AIDS Research in 1985, and the Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation in 1991. From the early 1990s until her death, she dedicated her time to philanthropy, for which she received several accolades, including the Presidential Citizens Medal.\nThroughout her career, Taylor's personal life was the subject of constant media attention. She was married eight times to seven men, endured several serious illnesses, and led a jet set lifestyle, including assembling one of the most expensive private collections of jewelry in the world. After many years of ill health, Taylor died from congestive heart failure in 2011, at the age of 79.", "Q72804": "Ursula Krechel (born 4 December 1947) is an award-winning German writer.\nKrechel was born in Trier. From 1966 to 1972 she studied German studies, theatre, and art history at the University of Cologne. From 1969 to 1972, she worked as a drama advisor in Dortmund. After 1972, she lived in Frankfurt am Main for many years and now works in Berlin as a writer, focusing on Lyric poetry, but also writing prose, drama, and radio drama.", "Q97136": "Adelbert von Keller (5 July 1812 \u2013 13 March 1883) was a German philologist.", "Q43401": "National Chiao Tung University (NCTU; Chinese: \u570b\u7acb\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b78) is a public research university located in Hsinchu, Taiwan. Established in 1896 as Nanyang Public School by an imperial edict of the Guangxu Emperor, it is one of Taiwan's leading universities. After the Chinese Civil War, NCTU was re-established by former Chiao Tung University faculty and alumni in 1958. It is selected by Taiwan's Ministry of Education to pursue all-around excellence with \"versatile international competitiveness to continuously strengthen international academic influence and visibility\".", "Q7416": "Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (n\u00e9e Roberts; 13 October 1925 \u2013 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman to hold that office. A Soviet journalist dubbed her \"The Iron Lady\", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented policies known as Thatcherism.\nThatcher studied chemistry at Somerville College, Oxford, and worked briefly as a research chemist, before becoming a barrister. She was elected Member of Parliament for Finchley in 1959. Edward Heath appointed her secretary of state for education and science in his 1970\u201374 government. In 1975, she defeated Heath in the Conservative Party leadership election to become leader of the Opposition, the first woman to lead a major political party in the United Kingdom. On becoming prime minister after winning the 1979 general election, Thatcher introduced a series of economic policies intended to reverse high unemployment and Britain's struggles in the wake of the Winter of Discontent and an ongoing recession. Her political philosophy and economic policies emphasised deregulation (particularly of the financial sector), flexible labour markets, the privatisation of state-owned companies, and reducing the power and influence of trade unions. Her popularity in her first years in office waned amid recession and rising unemployment, until victory in the 1982 Falklands War and the recovering economy brought a resurgence of support, resulting in her landslide re-election in 1983. She survived an assassination attempt by the Provisional IRA in the 1984 Brighton hotel bombing and achieved a political victory against the National Union of Mineworkers in the 1984\u201385 miners' strike.\nThatcher was re-elected for a third term with another landslide in 1987, but her subsequent support for the Community Charge (\"poll tax\") was widely unpopular, and her increasingly Eurosceptic views on the European Community were not shared by others in her Cabinet. She resigned as prime minister and party leader in November 1990, after Michael Heseltine launched a challenge to her leadership (characterised by journalist Simon Heffer as \"a rare coup d\u2019\u00e9tat at the top of the British politics: the first since Lloyd George sawed Asquith off at the knees in 1916\").\nAfter retiring from the Commons in 1992, she was given a life peerage as Baroness Thatcher (of Kesteven in the County of Lincolnshire) which entitled her to sit in the House of Lords. In 2013, she died of a stroke at the Ritz Hotel in London, at the age of 87.\nAlthough a controversial figure in British political culture, Thatcher is nonetheless viewed favourably in historical rankings of British prime ministers. Her tenure constituted a realignment towards neoliberal policies in the United Kingdom and debate over the complicated legacy of Thatcherism persists into the 21st century.", "Q1278808": "Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium is a gymnasium in Stuttgart established in 1686.", "Q939529": "Hinsdale is a village in Cook and DuPage counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. Hinsdale is a western suburb of Chicago. The population was 16,816 at the 2010 census, most of whom lived in DuPage County. The town's ZIP code is 60521, which is listed in the top 1% of wealthiest towns in Illinois as well as the sixth-wealthiest ZIP code in the United States among areas with a population of 20,000 or more. The town has a rolling, wooded topography, with a downtown, and is a 22-minute express train ride to downtown Chicago on the Burlington Northern line.", "Q513991": "Robert Von \"Bobby\" Hebb (July 26, 1938 \u2012 August 3, 2010) was an American R&B/soul singer, musician, songwriter, recording artist, and performer known for his 1966 hit entitled \"Sunny\".", "Q544611": "Richard Yates (February 3, 1926 \u2013 November 7, 1992) was an American fiction writer identified with the mid-century \"Age of Anxiety\". His first novel, Revolutionary Road, was a finalist for the 1962 National Book Award, while his first short story collection, Eleven Kinds of Loneliness, brought comparisons to James Joyce. Critical acclaim for his writing, however, was not reflected in commercial success during his lifetime.\nInterest in Yates has revived somewhat since his death, partly because of an influential 1999 essay by Stewart O'Nan in the Boston Review, a 2003 biography by Blake Bailey and the 2008 Academy Award-nominated and Golden Globe-winning film Revolutionary Road starring Kate Winslet and Leonardo DiCaprio.", "Q921366": "Jos\u00e9 Garc\u00eda Nieto (Oviedo, 6 July 1914 \u2013 Madrid, 27 February 2001), was a Spanish poet and writer. In 1996, he was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize. Along with Gabriel Celaya, Blas de Otero and Jos\u00e9 Hierro, he was a member of the post-war generation of Spanish poets.", "Q242749": "Lana Wood (born Svetlana Gurdina; March 1, 1946) is an American actress and film producer. She is best known for her role as Plenty O'Toole in the James Bond film Diamonds Are Forever (1971). Her elder sister was film star Natalie Wood.", "Q1067": "Dante Alighieri (Italian: [\u02c8dante ali\u02c8\u0261j\u025b\u02d0ri]), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to simply as Dante (, also US: ,; c.\u20091265 \u2013 1321), was an Italian poet. His Divine Comedy, originally called Comed\u00eca (modern Italian: Commedia) and later christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio, is widely considered the most important poem of the Middle Ages and the greatest literary work in the Italian language.In the Late Middle Ages, most poetry was written in Latin, making it accessible only to the most educated readers. In De vulgari eloquentia (On Eloquence in the Vernacular), however, Dante defended the use of the vernacular in literature. He would even write in the Tuscan dialect for works such as The New Life (1295) and the Divine Comedy; this highly unorthodox choice set a precedent that important later Italian writers such as Petrarch and Boccaccio would follow.\nDante was instrumental in establishing the literature of Italy, and his depictions of Hell, Purgatory and Heaven provided inspiration for the larger body of Western art. He is cited as an influence on John Milton, Geoffrey Chaucer and Alfred Tennyson, among many others. In addition, the first use of the interlocking three-line rhyme scheme, or the terza rima, is attributed to him. He is described as the \"father\" of the Italian language, and in Italy he is often referred to as il Sommo Poeta (\"the Supreme Poet\"). Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio are also called the tre corone (\"three crowns\") of Italian literature.", "Q14559": "Sch\u00fcpfheim is a municipality in the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. It is part of the UNESCO Entlebuch Biosphere Reserve since 2001.", "Q484421": "Apocalyptica is a Finnish symphonic metal band from Helsinki, Finland, formed in 1993. The band is composed of classically trained cellists Eicca Toppinen, Paavo L\u00f6tj\u00f6nen, and Perttu Kivilaakso (all three of whom are graduates of the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki), and drummer Mikko Sir\u00e9n. Originally a Metallica classical tribute band, the band eventually adopted a neoclassical metal style without the use of conventional guitars. They have sold over four million albums to date.", "Q51005": "John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor KCB (born 8 December 1938) is a Ghanaian politician who served as the President of Ghana from 7 January 2001 to 7 January 2009. He was also Chairperson of the African Union from 2007 to 2008. His victory over John Evans Atta Mills after the end of Jerry Rawlings' second term marked the first peaceful democratic transition of power in Ghana since independence in 1957.\nKufuor's career has been spent on the liberal-democratic side of Ghanaian politics, in the parties descended from the United Gold Coast Convention and the United Party. He was a minister in Kofi Abrefa Busia's Progress Party government during Ghana's Second Republic, and a Popular Front Party opposition frontbencher during the Third Republic. In the Fourth Republic Kufuor stood as the New Patriotic Party's candidate at the 1996 election, and then led it to victory in 2000 and 2004. Having served two terms, in 2008 he was no longer eligible for the presidency.", "Q31929": "The Carolingian Empire (800\u2013888) was a large Frankish-dominated empire in western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages. It was ruled by the Carolingian dynasty, which had ruled as kings of the Franks since 751 and as kings of the Lombards in Italy from 774. In 800, the Frankish king Charlemagne was crowned emperor in Rome by Pope Leo III in an effort to transfer the Roman Empire from east to west. The Carolingian Empire is considered the first phase in the history of the Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806.\nAfter a civil war (840\u2013843) following the death of Emperor Louis the Pious, the empire was divided into autonomous kingdoms, with one king still recognised as emperor, but with little authority outside his own kingdom. The unity of the empire and the hereditary right of the Carolingians continued to be acknowledged. In 884, Charles the Fat reunited all the Carolingian kingdoms for the last time, but he died in 888 and the empire immediately split up. With the only remaining legitimate male of the dynasty a child, the nobility elected regional kings from outside the dynasty or, in the case of the eastern kingdom, an illegitimate Carolingian. The illegitimate line continued to rule in the east until 911, while in the western kingdom the legitimate Carolingian dynasty was restored in 898 and ruled until 987 with an interruption from 922 to 936.\nThe size of the empire at its inception was around 1,112,000 square kilometres (429,000 sq mi), with a population of between 10 and 20 million people. Its heartland was Francia, the land between the Loire and the Rhine, where its symbolic capital, Aachen, was located. In the south it crossed the Pyrenees and bordered the Emirate of C\u00f3rdoba and, after 824, the Kingdom of Pamplona; to the north it bordered the kingdom of the Danes; to the west it had a short land border with Brittany, which was later reduced to a tributary; and to the east it had a long border with the Slavs and the Avars, who were eventually defeated and their land incorporated into the empire. In southern Italy, the Carolingians' claims to authority were disputed by the Byzantines (eastern Romans) and the vestiges of the Lombard kingdom in the Principality of Benevento.\n\nThe term \"Carolingian Empire\" is a modern convention and was not used by its contemporaries. The language of official acts in the empire was Latin. The empire was referred to variously as universum regnum (\"the whole kingdom\", as opposed to the regional kingdoms), Romanorum sive Francorum imperium (\"empire of the Romans and Franks\"), Romanum imperium (\"Roman empire\"), or even imperium christianum (\"Christian empire\").", "Q365484": "David Lee Gallagher (born February 9, 1985) is an American actor. Beginning a prolific career as a child actor and model at the age of two, Gallagher is a five-time Young Artist Award nominee and Teen Choice Award winner, best known for his role as Simon Camden on the long-running television series 7th Heaven, as well as for his feature film roles; as Mikey Ubriacco in Look Who's Talking Now, as Kevin Harper in Angels in the Endzone and as Richie Rich in Richie Rich's Christmas Wish. Gallagher is also well known for the voice of Riku in the Kingdom Hearts video game series.", "Q391263": "Shake It All About (Danish: En kort en lang, \"a short [one], a long [one]\") is a 2001 Danish comedy-drama directed by Hella Joof. It was entered into the 24th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Q665101": "The Tschingelh\u00f6rner (also spelled Tschingelhoren) are a chain of mountain peaks in the Glarus Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Glarus and Graub\u00fcnden. They are composed of several summits on a 1 km long ridge, of which the highest is named Grosses Tschingelhorn (2,849 m). The mountain is located between Elm and Flims, west of the Segnas Pass (2,627 m). East of the main summit is the Martinsloch, a 6-by-18-metre (20-by-60 ft) triangular breakthrough, or hole, through which the sun shines at particular times of the year.\nThe mountain is part of the Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "Q313512": "Claude-Louis Navier (born Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier; French: [klod lwi ma\u0281i \u0251\u0303\u0281i navje]; 10 February 1785 \u2013 21 August 1836), was a French mechanical engineer, affiliated with the French government, and a physicist whose work was specialized in continuum mechanics.\nThe Navier\u2013Stokes equations are named after him and George Gabriel Stokes.", "Q709965": "Cyprian Bazylik (c. 1535 in Sieradz \u2013 c. 1600) was a Polish composer, usually designated as C.B. or C.S. (Cyprian of Sieradz). Besides writing music, he was also a writer, poet, and printer.", "Q79789": "Frederick Barbarossa (German: Friedrich I., Italian: Federico I; 1122 \u2013 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I, was the Holy Roman Emperor from 2 January 1155 until his death 35 years later. He was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March 1152. He was crowned King of Italy on 24 April 1155 in Pavia and emperor by Pope Adrian IV on 18 June 1155 in Rome. Two years later, the term sacrum (\"holy\") first appeared in a document in connection with his empire. He was later formally crowned King of Burgundy, at Arles on 30 June 1178. He was named Barbarossa by the northern Italian cities which he attempted to rule: Barbarossa means \"red beard\" in Italian; in German, he was known as Kaiser Rotbart, which has the same meaning.\nBefore his imperial election, Frederick was by inheritance Duke of Swabia (1147\u20131152, as Frederick III). He was the son of Duke Frederick II of the Hohenstaufen dynasty and Judith, daughter of Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria, from the rival House of Welf. Frederick, therefore, descended from the two leading families in Germany, making him an acceptable choice for the Empire's prince-electors.\nHistorians consider him among the Holy Roman Empire's greatest medieval emperors. He combined qualities that made him appear almost superhuman to his contemporaries: his longevity, his ambition, his extraordinary skills at organization, his battlefield acumen and his political perspicacity. His contributions to Central European society and culture include the reestablishment of the Corpus Juris Civilis, or the Roman rule of law, which counterbalanced the papal power that dominated the German states since the conclusion of the Investiture Controversy.\nFrederick died in 1190 in Asia Minor while leading an army in the Third Crusade.", "Q58747": "Erdo\u011fan Atalay (born September 22, 1966 in Hanover, Germany) is a Turkish-German actor.In 2017 he married his girlfriend and manager Katja Ohneck.", "Q442512": "Ang\u00e9lica Liddell (born Ang\u00e9lica Gonz\u00e1lez in 1966) is a Spanish writer, theatre director and actor.\nShe was born in Figueres, Catalonia, and went on to study psychology and dramatic arts. Liddell began writing plays during the 1980s. In 1993, she founded the theatre company Atra Bilis Teatro.Her works have been performed in Spain, Germany, Brazil, France and Chile; her work been translated into French, English, Portuguese, German, Polish and Russian. Besides plays for theatre, she writes poetry and prose.Liddell has been awarded:\n\nthe Casa de Am\u00e9rica Innovative Playwriting Award in 2003\nsecond prize for the Lope de Vega Award in 2007\nthe Valle-Incl\u00e1n Award for Theatre in 2008\nthe National Dramatic Literature Award in 2012 for La casa de la fuerza\nthe Silver Lion at the Venice Biennale in 2013", "Q7912633": "Valsot is a municipality in the Engiadina Bassa/Val M\u00fcstair Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in the extreme east of Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the municipalities of Ramosch and Tschlin merged to form the new municipality of Valsot.", "Q1765462": "65 Revisited is a 2007 American documentary film directed by D. A. Pennebaker. It was made from footage the director shot for his 1967 film Dont Look Back. Both films show Bob Dylan and entourage during their 1965 concert tour of the UK. The newer film includes outtakes from its predecessor, and adds several full-length song performances.\nThe film opened in theaters on November 28, 2007. It is also available as the second disc in a DVD reissue called Bob Dylan: Don't Look Back - 65 Tour Deluxe Edition.65 Revisited also features Joan Baez, Bob Neuwirth and Nico.", "Q57474": "Norbert Lammert (born 16 November 1948) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as the 12th President of the Bundestag from 2005 to 2017.", "Q172154": "Wilhelm Florin (born Cologne 16 March 1894:died Moscow 5 July 1944) was a German Communist Party (KPD) politician and a campaigner in opposition to National Socialism.", "Q3024008": "Derrty is a record label founded by Nelly who is the CEO. The president of the label is Ali. Derrty is a division of Motown. The 1st studio album released under Derrty was Nelly's Country Grammar. In recent years, the label has collaborated with So So Def, Star Trak and Sho'Nuff.", "Q47667": "Hu Shih (Chinese: \u80e1\u9069; pinyin: H\u00fa Sh\u00ec; Wade\u2013Giles: Hu2 Shih4; 17 December 1891 \u2013 24 February 1962), also known as Hu Suh in early references, was a Chinese philosopher, essayist and diplomat. Hu is widely recognized today as a key contributor to Chinese liberalism and language reform in his advocacy for the use of written vernacular Chinese. He was influential in the May Fourth Movement, one of the leaders of China's New Culture Movement, was a president of Peking University, and in 1939 was nominated for a Nobel Prize in literature. He had a wide range of interests such as literature, philosophy, history, textual criticism, and pedagogy. He was also an influential redology scholar and held the famous Jiaxu manuscript (\u7532\u620c\u672c; Ji\u01cex\u016b b\u011bn) for many years until his death.", "Q559126": "The Anna-Seiler-Brunnen (Anna Seiler Fountain) is a fountain on Marktgasse in the Old City of Bern, Switzerland. It is a Swiss Cultural Property of National Significance and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Old City of Bern.", "Q172632": "Amy Lynn Hartzler (n\u00e9e Lee; born December 13, 1981), known professionally as Amy Lee, is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. She is the co-founder and lead vocalist of the rock band Evanescence. Alongside her contributions with the band, Lee has also participated on other musical projects including Walt Disney Records' Nightmare Revisited and Muppets: The Green Album. She has performed collaborations with artists such as Korn, Seether, and David Hodges. Lee composed the soundtrack to the films War Story (2014) and Indigo Grey: The Passage (2015) with cellist Dave Eggar, and the song \"Speak to Me\" for the film Voice from the Stone (2017). She possesses a mezzo-soprano vocal range.Lee received the Songwriter Icon Award from the National Music Publishers Association in 2008. In 2012, she won Best Vocalist at the Revolver Golden Gods Awards and was also named Rock Goddess of the Year at the Loudwire Music Awards. She was awarded Best Film Score by the Moondance International Film Festival for Indigo Grey: The Passage in 2015. Lee is also the American chairperson for the international epilepsy awareness foundation Out of the Shadows.", "Q211": "Latvia ( or (listen); Latvian: Latvija [\u02c8latvija], Livonian: Le\u021bm\u014d), officially known as the Republic of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Republika, Livonian: Le\u021bm\u014d Vab\u0101m\u014d), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. Since its independence, Latvia has been referred to as one of the Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of 64,589 km2 (24,938 sq mi). The country has a temperate seasonal climate. The Baltic Sea moderates climate, although it has four distinct seasons and snowy winters.\nAfter centuries of Swedish, Polish and Russian rule, a rule mainly executed by the Baltic German aristocracy, the Republic of Latvia was established on 18 November 1918 when it broke away from the Russian Empire and declared independence in the aftermath of World War I. However, by the 1930s the country became increasingly autocratic after the coup in 1934 establishing an authoritarian regime under K\u0101rlis Ulmanis. The country's de facto independence was interrupted at the outset of World War II, beginning with Latvia's forcible incorporation into the Soviet Union, followed by the invasion and occupation by Nazi Germany in 1941, and the re-occupation by the Soviets in 1944 (Courland Pocket in 1945) to form the Latvian SSR for the next 45 years.\nThe peaceful Singing Revolution, starting in 1987, called for Baltic emancipation from Soviet rule and condemning the Communist regime's illegal takeover. It ended with the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia on 4 May 1990 and restoring de facto independence on 21 August 1991. Latvia is a democratic sovereign state, parliamentary republic and performs well in the United Nations Human Development Index. Its capital Riga served as the European Capital of Culture in 2014. Latvian is the official language. Latvia is a unitary state, divided into 119 administrative divisions, of which 110 are municipalities and nine are cities. Latvians and Livonians are the indigenous people of Latvia. Latvian and Lithuanian are the only two surviving Baltic languages.\nDespite foreign rule from the 13th to 20th centuries, the Latvian nation maintained its identity throughout the generations via the language and musical traditions. However, as a consequence of centuries of Russian rule (1710\u20131918) and later Soviet occupation, 26.9% of the population of Latvia are ethnic Russians, some of whom (10.7% of Latvian residents) have not gained citizenship, leaving them with no citizenship at all. Until World War II, Latvia also had significant minorities of ethnic Germans and Jews. Latvia is historically predominantly Lutheran Protestant, except for the Latgale region in the southeast, which has historically been predominantly Roman Catholic. The Russian population is largely Eastern Orthodox Christians.\nLatvia is a high-income advanced economy and ranks 39th in the Human Development Index. It performs favorably in measurements of civil liberties, press freedom, internet freedom, democratic governance, living standards, and peacefulness. Latvia is a member of the European Union, Eurozone, NATO, the Council of Europe, the United Nations, CBSS, the IMF, NB8, NIB, OECD, OSCE, and WTO. A full member of the Eurozone, it began using the euro as its currency on 1 January 2014, replacing the Latvian lats.", "Q442274": "Richard William Burgi (, born July 30, 1958) is an American film and television actor best known for the roles of Det. Jim Ellison on The Sentinel and as Karl Mayer on Desperate Housewives.", "Q41570": "Hua Guofeng (; born Su Zhu; 16 February 1921 \u2013 20 August 2008) was a Chinese politician who served as Chairman of the Communist Party of China and Premier of the People's Republic of China. Hua held the top offices of the government, party, and the military after Premier Zhou and Chairman Mao's death, but was forced out of major political power by more influential party leaders by June 1981 and subsequently retreated from the political scene.\nOriginally from Shanxi province, Hua rose to power as a regional official in Hunan between 1949 and 1971, first serving as the prefecture Party Committee Secretary of the Xiangtan, Mao's home area, then as the party secretary in the province during the latter stages of the Cultural Revolution. Hua was elevated to the national stage in early 1976, and was mainly known for his unswerving loyalty to Mao. After the death of Zhou Enlai, Mao elevated Hua to the position of Premier of the State Council, overseeing government work, and of First Vice Chairman of the Communist Party, which made him Mao's designated successor.\nOn 6 October 1976, shortly after the death of Mao, Hua removed the Gang of Four from political power by arranging for their arrests in Beijing. Afterwards he took on the titles of party chairman and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. Hua is thus far the only leader to have simultaneously held the offices of party leader, premier and CMC chairman.\nHua attempted moderate reforms and reversing some of the excesses of Cultural Revolution-era policies. However, because of his insistence on continuing the Maoist line and refusal to adopt large-scale reforms, he faced resistance in the upper echelons of the party. In December 1978, a group of party veterans led by Deng Xiaoping, a pragmatic reformer, forced Hua from power but allowed him to retain some titles. Hua gradually faded into political obscurity, but continued to insist on the correctness of Maoist principles. He is remembered as a largely benign transitional figure in modern Chinese political history.", "Q2723601": "Mimic (Calvin Montgomery Rankin) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He was briefly a member of the X-Men in the 1960s, and was the first character to be added to the team after the original line-up and the first X-Man who was not a mutant.\nAn alternate reality version of Mimic became a popular member of the Exiles, the reality-hopping team.", "Q7027790": "Nickelodeon Records (formerly known as Nick Records from 2001 to 2010) is the record label for the children's television channel Nickelodeon. The label featured new and emerging young musical artists, \"triple threat\" singers who would also act and dance on the network's series, and soundtrack and compilations based on Nickelodeon TV shows.\nNickelodeon's music catalog is administered by three publishers owned by ViacomCBS and operated by Sony/ATV Music Publishing: Music by Nickelodeon Inc. (affiliated with BMI), Tunes by Nickelodeon Inc. (affiliated with ASCAP), and Nickelodeon Notes Inc. (affiliated with SESAC).", "Q381716": "Leonidas Raymond Young (March 7, 1914 \u2013 July 31, 2008) was an American jazz drummer and singer. His musical family included his father Willis Young and his older brother, saxophonist Lester Young. In 1944 he played with Norman Granz's first \"Jazz at the Philharmonic\" concert.", "Q181962": "Augusta (), officially Augusta\u2013Richmond County, is a consolidated city-county on the central eastern border of the U.S. state of Georgia. The city lies across the Savannah River from South Carolina at the head of its navigable portion. Georgia's second-largest city after Atlanta, Augusta is located in the Fall Line section of the state.\nAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau, Augusta\u2013Richmond County had a 2018 estimated population of 196,939, not counting the unconsolidated cities of Blythe and Hephzibah. It is the 123rd largest city in the United States. The process of consolidation between the City of Augusta and Richmond County began with a 1995 referendum in the two jurisdictions. The merger was completed on July 1, 1996. Augusta is the principal city of the Augusta metropolitan area. In 2017 it had an estimated population of 600,151, making it the second-largest metro area in the state. It is the 93rd largest metropolitan area in the United States.\nAugusta was established in 1736 and is named for Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (1719\u20131772), the bride of Frederick, Prince of Wales and the mother of the British monarch George III. During the American Civil War, Augusta housed the principal Confederate powder works. Augusta's warm climate made it a major resort town of the Eastern United States in the early and mid-20th century. Internationally, Augusta is best known for hosting The Masters golf tournament each spring. The Masters brings over 200,000 visitors from across the world to the Augusta National Golf Club. Membership at Augusta National is widely considered to be the most exclusive in the sport of golf across the world.\nAugusta lies approximately two hours east of downtown Atlanta by car via I-20. The city is home to Fort Gordon, a major U.S. Army base. In 2016, it was announced that the new National Cyber Security Headquarters would be based in Augusta, bringing as many as 10,000 cyber security specialists to the Fort Gordon area.", "Q345032": "Matthew W. Davis (born May 8, 1978) is an American actor who is known for his roles as Warner Huntington III in Legally Blonde, Adam Hillman on the ABC comedy-drama What About Brian from 2006 to 2007 and Alaric Saltzman on The CW fantasy drama The Vampire Diaries from 2009 to 2017 as well as the spin-off series Legacies since 2018. He starred on the short-lived CW mystery and horror drama Cult as Jeff Sefton, and had a recurring role on the CBS police drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation as Sean Yeager.", "Q259369": "When the Light Comes (Belgium: Licht, Netherlands: Waar blijft het licht, Germany: Die Stunde des Lichts) is a 1998 German-Dutch /Belgian romantic adventure film drama directed by Stijn Coninx, and starring Francesca Vanthielen, Joachim Kr\u00f3l and Rick Engelkes. The film is based on an autobiography of the then 19-year-old student in Amsterdam Heleen van der Laan who spent the winter in Svalbard living with a fur trapper. It was adapted for the screen with the aid of Jean van de Velde. Essentially a love story set in northern Scandinavia, the film has \"themes of isolation, forced cohabitation and relationship building between two totally different people in extremely harsh living conditions\". The score was composed by Dirk Bross\u00e9 and the film was produced by Favourite Films and distributed by Concorde Film.", "Q18405": "Nights of Cabiria (Italian: Le notti di Cabiria) is a 1957 Italian drama film directed by Federico Fellini and starring Giulietta Masina, Fran\u00e7ois P\u00e9rier, and Amedeo Nazzari. Based on a story by Fellini, the film is about a prostitute in Rome who searches in vain for true love.\nBesides the best actress award at the Cannes Film Festival for Giulietta Masina, Nights of Cabiria won the 1957 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. This was the second straight year Italy and Fellini won this Academy Award, having won for 1956's La Strada, which also starred Giulietta Masina.", "Q1079204": "Christian Dayton Clemenson (born March 17, 1958) is an American film and television actor. He is well known for his portrayal of Jerry \"Hands\" Espenson in the television series Boston Legal, for which he was nominated for three Emmy Awards and winning the 2006 Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series. He has appeared in a number of highly acclaimed films, including Hannah and Her Sisters, Broadcast News, Apollo 13 and The Big Lebowski, and portrayed Tom Burnett in Paul Greengrass' United 93. He starred in The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story as prosecutor William Hodgman.", "Q514998": "Richard Aldington (8 July 1892 \u2013 27 July 1962), born Edward Godfree Aldington, was an English writer and poet, and an early associate of the Imagist movement. He was married to the poet Hilda Doolittle (H.D.) from 1911 to 1938. \n\nAldington's 50-year career included work in poetry, novels, criticism and biography. He edited The Egoist literary journal and wrote for magazines such as The Times Literary Supplement, Vogue, The Criterion and Poetry. His biography of Wellington (1946) was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize. His circle included writers and critics such as T. S. Eliot, D. H. Lawrence, Ezra Pound, W. B. Yeats, Lawrence Durrell and C. P. Snow. He championed H.D. as the major poetic voice of the Imagist movement and helped to bring her work to international notice.", "Q64900": "The Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic sui iuris particular church in full communion with the pope and the worldwide Catholic Church, with self-governance under the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. It is headed by Patriarch Bechara Boutros al-Rahi since 2011, seated in Bkerke north of Beirut, Lebanon. Officially known as the Syriac Maronite Church of Antioch, it is part of Syriac Christianity by liturgy and heritage.\nEstablishment of the Maronite Church can be divided into three periods, from the 4th to the 7th centuries. A congregation movement, with Saint Maroun from the Taurus Mountains as an inspirational leader and patron saint, marked the first period. The second began with the establishment of the Monastery of Saint Maroun on the Orontes, built after the Council of Chalcedon to defend the doctrines of the Council. This monastery was described as the \"greatest monastery\" in the region of Secunda Syria, with more than 300 hermitages around it, according to ancient records. After 518, the monastery de facto administered many parishes in Prima Syria, Cole Syria and Phoenicia. The third period was when Sede Vacante followed the Islamic conquest of the region and bishops of the Saint Maroun Monastery elected John Maron as Patriarch around 685 AD, according to the Maronite tradition. The Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch re-established their patriarchate in 751 AD. Other centers of historical importance include Kfarhay, Yanouh, Mayfouq and Qadisha Valley.\nAlthough reduced in numbers today, Maronites remain one of the principal ethno-religious groups in Lebanon, with smaller minorities of Maronites in Syria, Cyprus, Israel, and Jordan. Emigration since the 19th century mean that about two-thirds of its 3,000,000 members are located outside \"The Antiochian's Range\", where they are part of the worldwide Lebanese diaspora.", "Q203715": "Gustavo Adolfo Claudio Dom\u00ednguez Bastida (February 17, 1836 \u2013 December 22, 1870), better known as Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer (Spanish pronunciation: [\u0261us\u02c8ta\u03b2o a\u02c8\u00f0olfo \u02c8\u03b2eke\u027e]), was a Spanish Romanticist poet and writer (mostly short stories), also a playwright, literary columnist, and talented in drawing. Today he is considered one of the most important figures in Spanish literature, and is considered by some as the most read writer after Cervantes. He adopted the alias of B\u00e9cquer as his brother Valeriano B\u00e9cquer, a painter, had done earlier. He was associated with the romanticism and post-romanticism movements and wrote while realism was enjoying success in Spain. He was moderately well known during his life, but it was after his death that most of his works were published. His best known works are the Rhymes and the Legends, usually published together as Rimas y leyendas. These poems and tales are essential to the study of Spanish literature and common reading for high-school students in Spanish-speaking countries.\nHis work approached the traditional poetry and themes in a modern way, and he is considered the founder of modern Spanish lyricism. B\u00e9cquer's influence on 20th-century poets of the Spanish language can be felt in the works of Luis Cernuda, Octavio Paz, and Giannina Braschi.\nB\u00e9cquer influenced numerous later Spanish-language writers, including Luis Cernuda, Giannina Braschi, Octavio Paz, Antonio Machado, Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez. B\u00e9cquer himself was influenced by \u2013 both directly and indirectly \u2014 Cervantes, Shakespeare, Goethe, Heinrich Heine", "Q3038347": "Downtown Records is an American record label based in New York City with offices in Los Angeles. Owned and operated by Josh Deutsch and Terence Lam, and also distributed by Interscope Records in the US and in the UK distributed by Polydor Records or AWAL\nthe roster includes Nick Murphy, Brett Dennen, Electric Guest, Tei Shi, Goldroom, and Tommy Genesis.", "Q366833": "Samuel George Claflin (born 27 June 1986) is an English actor. He is known for portraying Philip Swift in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011), Finnick Odair in The Hunger Games film series (2013\u20132015), Alex Stewart in Love, Rosie (2014), Will Traynor in Me Before You (2016), and Oswald Mosley in the Peaky Blinders television series (2019).", "Q88770": "Justus Pfaue (25 September 1942 \u2013 8 March 2014) was a German author and screenwriter.", "Q20266330": "Humboldt University of Berlin (German: Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany. It was established by Frederick William III on the initiative of Wilhelm von Humboldt, Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Ernst Daniel Schleiermacher as the University of Berlin (Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin) in 1809, and opened in 1810, making it the oldest of Berlin's four universities. From 1810 until its closure in 1945, it was named Friedrich Wilhelm University (German: Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t). During the Cold War the university found itself in East Berlin and was de facto split in two when the Free University of Berlin opened in West Berlin. The university received its current name in honour of Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt in 1949.The university is divided into nine faculties, including its medical school shared with the Free University of Berlin, has a student enrollment of around 32,000 students, and offers degree programmes in some 189 disciplines from undergraduate to postdoctorate level. Its main campus is located on the Unter den Linden boulevard in central Berlin. The university is known worldwide for pioneering the Humboldtian model of higher education, which has strongly influenced other European and Western universities.By some people it was regarded as the world's preeminent university for the natural sciences during the 19th and early 20th century, as the university is linked to major breakthroughs in physics and other sciences by its professors, such as Albert Einstein. Former faculty and notable alumni include eminent philosophers, sociologists, artists, lawyers, politicians, mathematicians, scientists, and Heads of State. Among them, the university has an association with 55 Nobel Laureates.Among its notable alumni, faculty and researchers are Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Max Weber, Georg Simmel, Otto von Bismarck, W. E. B. Du Bois, Angela Davis, Walter Benjamin, Karl Liebknecht, Arthur Schopenhauer, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Ernst Cassirer, Heinrich Heine, Albert Einstein, Max Planck.\nHumboldt University of Berlin has been conferred the title of \"University of Excellence\" under the German Universities Excellence Initiative.", "Q1715": "Hanover (; German: Hannover [ha\u02c8no\u02d0f\u0250] (listen); Low German: Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony. Its 535,061 (2017) inhabitants make it the thirteenth-largest city in Germany as well as the third-largest city in Northern Germany after Hamburg and Bremen. The city lies at the confluence of the River Leine (progression: Aller\u2192 Weser\u2192 North Sea) and its tributary Ihme, in the south of the North German Plain, and is the largest city in the Hannover\u2013Braunschweig\u2013G\u00f6ttingen\u2013Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region. It is the fifth-largest city in the Low German dialect area after Hamburg, Dortmund, Essen and Bremen.\nBefore it became the capital of Lower Saxony in 1946 Hanover was the capital of the Principality of Calenberg (1636\u20131692), the Electorate of Hanover (1692\u20131814), the Kingdom of Hanover (1814\u20131866), the Province of Hanover of the Kingdom of Prussia (1868\u20131918), the Province of Hanover of the Free State of Prussia (1918\u20131946) and of the State of Hanover (1946). From 1714 to 1837 Hanover was by personal union the family seat of the Hanoverian Kings of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, under their title of the dukes of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg (later described as the Elector of Hanover).\nThe city is a major crossing point of railway lines and motorways (Autobahnen), connecting European main lines in both the east-west (Berlin\u2013Ruhr area/D\u00fcsseldorf/Cologne) and north-south (Hamburg\u2013Frankfurt/Stuttgart/Munich) directions. Hannover Airport lies north of the city, in Langenhagen, and is Germany's ninth-busiest airport. The city's most notable institutes of higher education are the Hannover Medical School with its university hospital (Klinikum der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover) and the Leibniz University Hannover.\nThe Hanover fairground, owing to numerous extensions, especially for the Expo 2000, is the largest in the world. Hanover hosts annual commercial trade fairs such as the Hanover Fair and up to 2018 the CeBIT. The IAA Commercial Vehicles show takes place every two years. It is the world's leading trade show for transport, logistics and mobility. Every year Hanover hosts the Sch\u00fctzenfest Hannover, the world's largest marksmen's festival, and the Oktoberfest Hannover.\n'Hanover' is the traditional English spelling. The German spelling (with a double n) is becoming more popular in English; recent editions of encyclopedias prefer the German spelling, and the local government uses the German spelling on English websites. The English pronunciation, with stress on the first syllable, is applied to both the German and English spellings, which is different from German pronunciation, with stress on the second syllable and a long second vowel. The traditional English spelling is still used in historical contexts, especially when referring to the British House of Hanover.", "Q213512": "William Henry Cosby Jr. (; born July 12, 1937) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, musician, author, and convicted sex offender. Cosby began his career as a stand-up comic at the hungry i in San Francisco during the 1960s. He then landed a starring role in the television show I Spy, followed by his own sitcom The Bill Cosby Show, which ran for two seasons from 1969 to 1971. In 1972, using the Fat Albert character developed during his stand-up routines, Cosby created, produced, and hosted the animated comedy television series Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids which ran until 1985, centering on a group of young friends growing up in an urban area. Throughout the 1970s, Cosby starred in about half a dozen films, and he occasionally returned to film later in his career. In 1976, he earned his Doctor of Education from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. His dissertation discussed the use of Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids as a teaching tool in elementary schools.\nBeginning in the 1980s, Cosby produced and starred in the television sitcom The Cosby Show, which aired from 1984 to 1992 and was rated as the number one show in America for 1985 through 1989. The sitcom highlighted the experiences and growth of an affluent African-American family. Cosby produced the spin-off sitcom A Different World, which aired from 1987 to 1993. He also starred in The Cosby Mysteries from 1994 to 1995 and in the sitcom Cosby from 1996 to 2000 and hosted Kids Say the Darndest Things from 1998 to 2000.\nCosby's reputation was tarnished during the mid-2010s when numerous women made sexual assault accusations against him, the earliest dating back decades. More than 60 women have accused him of either attempted sexual assault, rape, drug-facilitated sexual assault, sexual battery, child sexual abuse, or sexual misconduct, all of which he has denied, and the statute of limitations had by the mid-2010s expired in nearly all cases. Cosby was found guilty of three counts of aggravated indecent assault and sentenced to three to ten years in prison in September 2018.", "Q931607": "Earl Silas Johnson IV (February 7, 1934 \u2013 April 17, 2003), known as Earl King, was an American singer, guitarist, and songwriter, most active in blues music. A composer of blues standards such as \"Come On\" (covered by Jimi Hendrix, Freddy King, Stevie Ray Vaughan) and \"Big Chief\" (recorded by Professor Longhair), he was an important figure in New Orleans R&B.", "Q874429": "In mathematics and abstract algebra, group theory studies the algebraic structures known as groups. \nThe concept of a group is central to abstract algebra: other well-known algebraic structures, such as rings, fields, and vector spaces, can all be seen as groups endowed with additional operations and axioms. Groups recur throughout mathematics, and the methods of group theory have influenced many parts of algebra. Linear algebraic groups and Lie groups are two branches of group theory that have experienced advances and have become subject areas in their own right.\nVarious physical systems, such as crystals and the hydrogen atom, may be modelled by symmetry groups. Thus group theory and the closely related representation theory have many important applications in physics, chemistry, and materials science. Group theory is also central to public key cryptography.\nOne of the most important mathematical achievements of the 20th century was the collaborative effort, taking up more than 10,000 journal pages and mostly published between 1960 and 1980, that culminated in a complete classification of finite simple groups.\n\n", "Q471872": "Soil mechanics is a branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils. It differs from fluid mechanics and solid mechanics in the sense that soils consist of a heterogeneous mixture of fluids (usually air and water) and particles (usually clay, silt, sand, and gravel) but soil may also contain organic solids and other matter. Along with rock mechanics, soil mechanics provides the theoretical basis for analysis in geotechnical engineering, a subdiscipline of civil engineering, and engineering geology, a subdiscipline of geology. Soil mechanics is used to analyze the deformations of and flow of fluids within natural and man-made structures that are supported on or made of soil, or structures that are buried in soils. Example applications are building and bridge foundations, retaining walls, dams, and buried pipeline systems. Principles of soil mechanics are also used in related disciplines such as engineering geology, geophysical engineering, coastal engineering, agricultural engineering, hydrology and soil physics.\nThis article describes the genesis and composition of soil, the distinction between pore water pressure and inter-granular effective stress, capillary action of fluids in the soil pore spaces, soil classification, seepage and permeability, time dependent change of volume due to squeezing water out of tiny pore spaces, also known as consolidation, shear strength and stiffness of soils. The shear strength of soils is primarily derived from friction between the particles and interlocking, which are very sensitive to the effective stress. The article concludes with some examples of applications of the principles of soil mechanics such as slope stability, lateral earth pressure on retaining walls, and bearing capacity of foundations.", "Q13544": "Curt \"Curre\" Richard Lincoln (25 October 1918 in Stockholm \u2013 28 August 2005 in Espoo) was one of the most famous race car drivers in Finland. His racing career started with hydroplanes in 1947. In 1949 he changed to a 500 cc Effyh, later he also drove cars such as Jaguar D types, Ferraris and Formula 3 Coopers.\n \nDuring his career he drove around 400 races and had around 200 wins. He won 14 Finnish\nEl\u00e4intarha races between 1951 and 1962 in the Formula 3 and Junior classes. Other wins were the GP of Angola and two class wins \nat the Swedish GP in Kristianstad. Curt was also a top level tennis player, being Finnish and Swedish Champion. He was also one of the organisers when Keimola Motor Stadium was built in Finland. He had his last win in 1967 with F3 Brabham BT 21 at Keimola and retired from racing in the next year. Curt Lincoln became a Finnish Citizen in 1961. His daughter Nina was married to Formula One World Champion Jochen Rindt.\nHe is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.", "Q1413558": "The Stanford Graduate School of Business (also known as Stanford GSB or the GSB) is the graduate business school of Stanford University in Stanford, California.\nStanford GSB offers a general management Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree, the MSx Program (MS in Management for mid-career executives) and a PhD program, along with joint degrees with other schools at Stanford including Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Law and Medicine. The GSB also offers Stanford LEAD, an online professional certificate program.", "Q130415": "Zdzis\u0142aw Karczewski (22 March 1903 \u2013 30 September 1970) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in more than 30 films between 1933 and 1970.\n\n", "Q147845": "Zardoz is a 1974 Irish-American science fantasy film, and later a book, written, produced, and directed by John Boorman and starring Sean Connery and Charlotte Rampling, and featuring Sara Kestelman. The film was shot by cinematographer Geoffrey Unsworth on a budget of US$1.57 million. It depicts a post apocalyptic world where barbarians worship a stone god called \"Zardoz\" that grants them death and eternal life.\n\n", "Q97644": "Waldemar Schreckenberger (12 November 1929 \u2013 4 August 2017) was a German lawyer, professor emeritus, and politician born in Ludwigshafen. After his graduation from Heidelberg Law School, he earned a doctorate, and completed his habilitation at the German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer. Subsequently, he assumed full professorships of public law and legal philosophy at the University of Mainz and at Speyer. From 1981\u20131982, he served as Minister of Justice of Rhineland Palatinate and thereafter as Chancellery Chief of Staff under Chancellor Helmut Kohl.He died on 4 August 2017 at the age of 87.", "Q86991": "Wolfgang Bauer (18 March 1941 \u2013 26 August 2005) was an Austrian writer best known as a playwright who, particularly in his younger days, was regarded as an enfant terrible by the Austrian cultural establishment.\n\n", "Q607948": "C\u00e9sar Tiempo, born Israel Zeitlin (March 3, 1906 in Dnipropetrovsk (Yekaterinoslav), Ukraine,\n-October 24, 1980) was a Russian-born screenwriter of Argentine cinema. He wrote the script for award-winning films such as Safo, historia de una pasi\u00f3n (1943). In 1961 he appeared as an actor in Esta tierra es m\u00eda.", "Q2817195": "The Three Musketeers (Russian: \u00ab\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0451\u0440\u0430\u00bb, tri mushketera) is a Russian historical adventure film based on the novel The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas, p\u00e8re. It was produced by The Production Center of Sergei Zhigunov.The film has been released in two versions: as a two-hour movie in cinemas on November 14, 2013. and as a TV series consisting of 10 episodes of 45 minutes. The TV series was first shown in December 2013 on the Ukrainian 1+1 Channel and then on Russia's Channel One Russia in January 2014.\nYoung d'Artagnan is coming to Paris to be a musketeer. There he meets three old musketeers, members of the glorious King's Guard, but actually realizes that they are not the great fighters who he thinks they are. While joining the musketeers he is faced with the hidden plots of Cardinal Richelieu, his spy Milady de Winter and a possible war against England.", "Q87457": "Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst (or Ernest) Dohm (born Elias Levy Dohm; also known by his pseudonym Karlchen Mie\u00dfnick; 24 May 1819, Breslau \u2013 5 February 1883, Berlin) was a German editor, actor, and translator.\nHe was Jewish and a convert to Christianity. He married the feminist Hedwig Dohm and had five children:\n\nHans Ernst Dohm (1854\u20131866)\n(Gertrud) Hedwig (Anna) Dohm (1855\u20131942), married to the Jewish scientist Alfred Pringsheim\nIda Marie Elisabeth Dohm (1856\u2013?)\nMarie Pauline Adelheid Dohm (1858\u2013?)\nEva Dohm (1860\u2013?)He became a grandfather of the musician Klaus Pringsheim, Sr. and Katharina \"Katia\" Pringsheim, the wife of Thomas Mann. He was a chief-editor of Kladderadatsch, a satirical magazine founded in 1848, until 1849.", "Q15135": "The Rheinwaldhorn (Italian: Adula) is the highest point in the Swiss canton of Ticino at 3,402 metres above sea level. It lies on the border between the cantons of Graub\u00fcnden and Ticino, in the Adula massif, part of the St. Gotthard massif of the Lepontine Alps in southern Switzerland.\nThe mountain is known under different names, Rheinwaldhorn, Adula or Piz Valrhein. The group of the snowy peaks lying between the two principal branches of the Rhine were known in the Middle Ages by the names Mons Aquila or Mons Avium. From the Romansh form of the first comes the name Adula, which is used to designate the north-eastern portion of the Lepontine Alps. The German name \"Rheinwaldhorn\" comes from the Rheinwald region.", "Q599316": "The New School is a private research university in New York City. It was founded in 1919 as The New School for Social Research with an original mission dedicated to academic freedom and intellectual inquiry and a home for progressive thinkers. Since then, the school has grown to house five divisions within the university. These include the Parsons School of Design, the Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts, The New School for Social Research, the Schools of Public Engagement, the College of Performing Arts which consists of the Mannes School of Music, the School of Drama, and the School of Jazz and Contemporary Music. In addition, the university maintains the Parsons Paris campus and has also launched or housed a range of institutions, such as the international research institute World Policy Institute, the Philip Glass Institute, the Vera List Center for Art and Politics, the India China Institute, the Observatory on Latin America, and the Center for New York City Affairs.\nIts faculty and alumni include numerous notable designers, writers, musicians, artists, and political activists. Approximately 10,000 students are enrolled in undergraduate and postgraduate programs and disciplines including social sciences, liberal arts, humanities, architecture, fine arts, design, music, drama, finance, psychology, and public policy.", "Q48226": "Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 \u2013 April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.\nEmerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of transcendentalism in his 1836 essay \"Nature\". Following this work, he gave a speech entitled \"The American Scholar\" in 1837, which Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. considered to be America's \"intellectual Declaration of Independence.\"Emerson wrote most of his important essays as lectures first and then revised them for print. His first two collections of essays, Essays: First Series (1841) and Essays: Second Series (1844), represent the core of his thinking. They include the well-known essays \"Self-Reliance\", \"The Over-Soul\", \"Circles\", \"The Poet\", and \"Experience.\" Together with \"Nature\", these essays made the decade from the mid-1830s to the mid-1840s Emerson's most fertile period. Emerson wrote on a number of subjects, never espousing fixed philosophical tenets, but developing certain ideas such as individuality, freedom, the ability for mankind to realize almost anything, and the relationship between the soul and the surrounding world. Emerson's \"nature\" was more philosophical than naturalistic: \"Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul.\" Emerson is one of several figures who \"took a more pantheist or pandeist approach by rejecting views of God as separate from the world.\"He remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. \"In all my lectures,\" he wrote, \"I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man.\" Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow transcendentalist.", "Q1796298": "Gunnar Bakke (born 24 October 1959) is a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party, and the mayor of Bergen between 2007-2011.\n\n", "Q1683859": "Jason Adasiewicz (born October 14, 1977) is an American jazz vibraphonist and composer.", "Q3102": "Francis Coventry (1725 \u2013 1754?) was an English cleric and novelist, best known for The History of Pompey the Little.", "Q277080": "Taken is a 2008 English-language French action thriller film written by Luc Besson and Robert Mark Kamen, and directed by Pierre Morel. It stars Liam Neeson, Maggie Grace, Famke Janssen, Katie Cassidy, Leland Orser, and Holly Valance. Neeson plays Bryan Mills, a former CIA operative who sets about tracking down his teenage daughter Kim (Grace) and her best friend Amanda (Cassidy) after the two girls are kidnapped by Albanian human traffickers while traveling in France during a vacation.\nTaken was released in France on February 27, 2008 by EuropaCorp, and later in the United States on January 30, 2009 by 20th Century Fox. The movie grossed more than $226 million. Despite mixed reviews from critics, numerous media outlets cited the film as a turning point in Neeson's career that redefined and transformed him to an action film star. The first film in the Taken franchise, the film was followed by two sequels\u2014Taken 2 and Taken 3\u2014released in 2012 and 2014, respectively. A television series for the series premiered in 2017 on NBC, with Clive Standen portraying Bryan Mills.\n\n", "Q373594": "Joshua Gregory Cooke (born November 22, 1979) is an American actor, songwriter, comedian and musician.", "Q870897": "League Park was a baseball park located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It was situated at the northeast corner of E. 66th Street and Lexington Avenue in the Hough neighborhood. It was built in 1891 as a wood structure and rebuilt using concrete and steel in 1910. The park was home to a number of professional sports teams, most notably the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball. League Park was first home to the Cleveland Spiders of the National League from 1891 to 1899 and of the Cleveland Lake Shores of the Western League, the minor league predecessor to the Indians, in 1900. From 1914 to 1915, League Park also hosted the Cleveland Spiders of the minor league American Association. In the late 1940s, the park was also the home field of the Cleveland Buckeyes of the Negro American League.\nIn addition to baseball, League Park was also used for American football, serving as the home field for several successive teams in the Ohio League and early National Football League (NFL) during the 1920s and 1930s, as well as for college football. Most notably, the Cleveland Rams of the NFL played at League Park in 1937 and for much of the early 1940s. Later in the 1940s, the Cleveland Browns used League Park as a practice field.\nThe Western Reserve Red Cats college football team from Western Reserve University played a majority of homes games at League Park from 1929 to 1941, and all home games after joining the Mid-American Conference from 1947 to 1949. Western Reserve played many of its major college football games at League Park, including against the Ohio State Buckeyes, Pittsburgh Panthers, West Virginia Mountaineers, and Cincinnati Bearcats. Western Reserve and Case Tech often showcased their annual Thanksgiving Day rivalry game against one another, as well as playing other Big Four Conference games against John Carroll and Baldwin-Wallace. The final football game played at League Park was a 30\u20130 victory by Western Reserve University over rival Case Tech on Nov 24, 1949.Although Cleveland Stadium opened in 1932 and had a much larger seating capacity and better access by car, League Park continued to be used by the Indians through the 1946 season, mainly for weekday games. Weekend games, games expecting larger crowds, and night games were held at Cleveland Stadium. Most of the League Park structure was demolished in 1951, although some remnants still remain, including the original ticket office built in 1909.\nAfter extensive renovation, the site was rededicated on August 23, 2014, as the Baseball Heritage Museum and Fannie Lewis Community Park at League Park.", "Q58035": "August Horch (12 October 1868 \u2013 3 February 1951) was a German engineer and automobile pioneer, the founder of the manufacturing giant which would eventually become Audi.", "Q433499": "P\u00e1draic Delaney (born 6 November 1977) is an Irish actor known for playing Teddy O'Donovan in the Ken Loach film The Wind That Shakes the Barley, for which he earned an IFTA nomination as well as being named Irish Shooting Star for the 2007 Berlin Film Festival. In addition, he is known for his role as English aristocrat Lord George Boleyn, brother-in-law of King Henry VIII of England in Showtime's The Tudors.", "Q625257": "Hong Seok-hyun (born October 20, 1949) is a noted figure in South Korean media industry. He is the chairman of JoongAng Holdings, Korea Peace Foundation and Korea Baduk Association. He is a brother-in law of Lee Kun-hee.\nIn 1994 he became the president and publisher of JoongAng Ilbo. Since then, he has led major innovations in South Korean newspaper industry, and completed comprehensive and all-round media portfolio with different media organizations.\nAs being recognized by a wide range of global network and partnership of the company, he served as the president of the World Association of Newspapers from 2002 to early 2005, and was the first person from Asia to hold the post. He was also a president of the ROK's Korea Association of Newspapers from 2003 to 2005.\nHe has been active in public service as well. From late 70s to early 80s, he worked in the World Bank and South Korean government service. Also, he served as the ambassador to the United States from February 2005 until his resignation in September 2005.\nHong graduated from Kyunggi High School in 1968. He received a bachelor's degree in engineering from Seoul National University (South Korea) in 1972, and a master's in industrial engineering from Stanford University (U.S.) in 1978. He went on to acquire a Ph.D. in economics from Stanford University (U.S.) in 1980.", "Q57306": "Jalal Talabani (Kurdish: \u062c\u06d5\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u06b5\u06d5\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e / Celal Taleban\u00ee; Arabic: \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u200e Jal\u0101l \u1e6c\u0101lab\u0101n\u012b; 1933 \u2013 3 October 2017) was an Iraqi Kurdish politician who served as the sixth President of Iraq from 2006 to 2014, as well as the President of the Governing Council of Iraq. He was the first non-Arab president of Iraq. He is known as Mam Jalal (uncle Jalal) in the Middle East. The surname Talabani originates from the Arabic word '\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628' (talib), meaning 'student' or 'scholar'.\nTalabani was the founder and secretary general of one of the main Kurdish political parties, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). He was a prominent member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council, which was established following the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Talabani was an advocate for Kurdish rights and democracy in Iraq for more than 50 years. Apart from his native Kurdish, Talabani was fluent in Arabic, Persian, and English. He was also able to speak French to a good proficiency.", "Q41564": "David Lloyd Johnston FRSC(hon) FRCPSC(hon) (born June 28, 1941) is a Canadian academic, author, and statesman who served as Governor General of Canada from 2010 to 2017, the 28th since Canadian Confederation. He is the commissioner of the newly created Leaders' Debates Commission and is Colonel of the Regiment for the Royal Canadian Regiment.Johnston was born and raised in Ontario, studying there before enrolling at Harvard University and later Cambridge and Queen's universities. He went on to work as a professor at various post-secondary institutions in Canada, eventually serving administrative roles as dean of law at the University of Western Ontario, principal of McGill University, and president of the University of Waterloo. At the same time, Johnston involved himself with politics and public service, moderating political debates and chairing commissions in both the federal and provincial spheres, his most renowned position in that field being the chairmanship of the inquiry into the Airbus affair. He was in 2010 appointed as governor general by Queen Elizabeth II, on the recommendation of then Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper, to replace Micha\u00eblle Jean as viceroy and he occupied the post until succeeded by Julie Payette in 2017. At the time, Johnston was predominantly praised as a worthy choice for the Queen's representative, though his appointment was denounced by some Quebec sovereigntists.\n\n", "Q2587669": "Max Vernon Mathews (born November 13, 1926 in Columbus, Nebraska, USA \u2013 April 21, 2011 in San Francisco, CA, USA) was a pioneer of computer music.", "Q85240": "Frank Ostrowski (born 1960 - died 2011) was a German programmer best known for his implementations of the BASIC programming language.After his time with the German Federal Armed Forces, Frank Ostrowski was unemployed for three years. During this time, he developed Turbo-Basic XL for the Atari 8-bit family. It was published in the German language Happy Computer Magazine in December 1985 (where it became Listing of the Month). Turbo-Basic XL was both much faster and superior to the existing Atari BASIC.He soon got a job with GFA Systemtechnik GmbH (at the time known as Integral Hydraulik) where he wrote GFA BASIC on the Atari ST which became one of the more popular BASICs on that platform.\nFrank Ostrowski died in 2011 after a severe disease.", "Q270937": "Valentina Vasilevna Tolkunova (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430, 12 July 1946 \u2013 22 March 2010) was a Soviet and Russian singer and was bestowed the title of Honored Artist of RSFSR (1979) and People\u2019s Artist of the RSFSR (1987). Her performances exhibited a kindhearted mood and sincerity, and her voice was noted for its clarity.", "Q18411": "Juliet of the Spirits (Italian: Giulietta degli spiriti) is a 1965 Italian-French fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Federico Fellini and starring Giulietta Masina, Sandra Milo, Mario Pisu, Valentina Cortese, and Valeska Gert. The film is about the visions, memories, and mysticism that help a middle-aged woman find the strength to leave her philandering husband. The film uses \"caricatural types and dream situations to represent a psychic landscape.\" It was Fellini's first feature-length color film, but followed his use of color in The Temptation of Doctor Antonio episode in the portmanteau film Boccaccio '70 (1962). Juliet of the Spirits won the 1966 Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film.", "Q228584": "Svetlana Iosifovna Alliluyeva (Russian: \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0418\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0430, Georgian: \u10e1\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0; Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430; 28 February 1926 \u2013 22 November 2011), later known as Lana Peters, was the youngest child and only daughter of Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and his second wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva. In 1967, she caused an international furor when she defected to, and later became a naturalized citizen of, the United States. In 1984, she returned to the Soviet Union and had her Soviet citizenship returned. She later went back to the United States and also spent time in France, before settling in the United Kingdom in 1992. She was Stalin\u2019s last surviving child.", "Q122011": "Artur Auernhammer (born 9 March 1963) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He is a member of the German Bundestag.", "Q314269": "Lawrence Monsanto Ferlinghetti (born March 24, 1919) is an American poet, painter, social activist, and the co-founder of City Lights Booksellers & Publishers. He is the author of poetry, translations, fiction, theatre, art criticism, and film narration. Ferlinghetti is best known for his first collection of poems, A Coney Island of the Mind (1958), which has been translated into nine languages, with sales of more than one million copies. Ferlinghetti turned 100 in March 2019, leading the city of San Francisco to proclaim his birthday, March 24, \"Lawrence Ferlinghetti Day\".", "Q85526": "Julius Wilhelm Gintl (November 12, 1804 \u2013 December 22, 1883) was an Austrian physicist. He was notable as the developer of an early form of duplex electrical telegraph, which allowed two messages to be transmitted on a single wire, in opposite directions. This \"duplex\" communication was an early specific case of the general practice of multiplexing.\nGintl's method would be developed to economic viability by J. B. Stearns, and the refined method used in Edison's implementation of a quadruplex telegraph.", "Q77968": "Ben Becker (born 19 December 1964 in Bremen) is a German film and theatre actor.", "Q18288162": "The Metropolitan City of Turin (Italian: Citt\u00e0 metropolitana di Torino) is a metropolitan city in the Piedmont region, Italy. Its capital is the city of Turin. It replaced the Province of Turin and comprises the city of Turin and 315 other municipalities (comuni).\nIt was first created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and then established by the Law 56/2014. It has been officially operative since 1 January 2015.\nThe Metropolitan City of Turin is headed by the metropolitan mayor (sindaco metropolitano) and by the metropolitan council (consiglio metropolitano). Since 5 June 2016, Chiara Appendino has served as the mayor of the capital city, succeeding Piero Fassino.\nIt is the largest Metropolitan City of Italy and the only one to border a foreign state.", "Q391277": "\u0160ar\u016bnas Bartas (born 16 August 1964) is a Lithuanian film director. One of the most prominent Lithuanian film directors internationally from the late 20th century. His 2015 film Peace to Us in Our Dreams was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival.\n\n", "Q103961": "Walter Richter (May 13, 1905 in Berlin \u2013 July 26, 1985 in Vienna) was a German actor. From 1970 until 1982 he starred in the Norddeutscher Rundfunk version of the popular television crime series Tatort.", "Q270089": "Hanna Hryhorivna Mashutina (Ukrainian: \u0413\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0448\u0443\u0301\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0430; July 20, 1981 \u2013 January 24, 2011), known under her pseudonyms Anna Yablonskaya (Russian: \u0410\u0301\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u042f\u0431\u043b\u043e\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f) or Hanna Yablonska (Ukrainian: \u0413\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u042f\u0431\u043b\u043e\u0301\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430), was a Ukrainian playwright and poet, and one of the victims of the 2011 Domodedovo International Airport bombing.", "Q782942": "The Australia Group is a multilateral export control regime (MECR) and an informal group of countries (now joined by the European Commission) established in 1985 (after the use of chemical weapons by Iraq in 1984) to help member countries to identify those exports which need to be controlled so as not to contribute to the spread of chemical and biological weapons.The group, initially consisting of 15 members, held its first meeting in Brussels, Belgium, in September 1989. With the incorporation of India on January 19, 2018, it now has 43 members, including Australia, the European Commission, all 28 member states of the European Union, the United States, India, Ukraine, and Argentina. The name comes from Australia's initiative to create the group. Australia manages the secretariat.\nThe initial members of the group had different assessments of which chemical precursors should be subject to export control. Later adherents initially had no such controls. Today, members of the group maintain export controls on a uniform list of 54 compounds, including several that are not prohibited for export under the Chemical Weapons Convention, but can be used in the manufacture of chemical weapons. In 2002, the group took two important steps to strengthen export control. The first was the \"no-undercut\" requirement, which stated that any member of the group considering making an export to another state that had already been denied an export by any other member of the group must first consult with that member state before approving the export. The second was the \"catch-all\" provision, which requires member states to halt all exports that could be used by importers in chemical or biological weapons programs, regardless of whether the export is on the group's control lists. Delegations representing the members meet every year in Paris, France.", "Q4207816": "Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N.Tupolev) (KAI (KNRTU-KAI, full name in Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0410. \u041d. \u0422\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430) was established in 1932. The history of the university is closely related to the progress of Russian aeronautics. Until the recent time, it was well known as Kazan Aviation Institute (\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442). In 1973, the Institute was named after Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev, the aircraft designer. In 1992, it got the status of the State Technical University.\nToday the University is one of the leading Russian institutions in aircraft engineering, engine and instrument production, computer science and radio and telecommunications engineering. KSTU is the largest technical university of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Volga region.Kazan National Research Technical University teaches about 25,000 students on 65 majors in Engineering, Business and Humanitarian Sciences by the university faculty body of 1,800 persons, including 150 Full Professors & Doctor of Science degree holders, 600 Associate Professors & Ph.D. degree holders.", "Q28197221": "Maroo Entertainment (Korean: \ub9c8\ub8e8\uae30\ud68d) is a South Korean private held entertainment company established in 2010. Its currently manages artists such as Norazo, Park Ji-hoon, BONUSBaby, Teen Teen and also manages actors such as Seo Eun-chae, Kwon Yohan, Lee Sang-mi, Dabee.", "Q283101": "Bernard Allison (born November 26, 1965) is an American blues guitarist, based out of Paris, France.", "Q123469": "Harry Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 \u2013 January 10, 1951) was an American novelist, short-story writer and playwright. In 1930, he became the first writer from the United States (and the first from the Americas) to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, which was awarded \"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters.\" His works are known for their critical views of American capitalism and materialism between the wars. He is also respected for his strong characterizations of modern working women. H. L. Mencken wrote of him, \"[If] there was ever a novelist among us with an authentic call to the trade ... it is this red-haired tornado from the Minnesota wilds.\" He has been honored by the U.S. Postal Service with a postage stamp in the Great Americans series.", "Q19069": "The Magnificent Seven is a 1960 American Western film directed by John Sturges and starring Yul Brynner, Eli Wallach, Steve McQueen, Charles Bronson, Robert Vaughn, Brad Dexter, James Coburn and Horst Buchholz. The film is an Old West\u2013style remake of Akira Kurosawa's 1954 Japanese film Seven Samurai. Brynner, McQueen, Bronson, Vaughn, Dexter, Coburn and Buchholz portray the title characters, a group of seven gunfighters hired to protect a small village in Mexico from a group of marauding bandits (whose leader is played by Wallach). The film's musical score was composed by Elmer Bernstein. In 2013, the film was selected for the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q563": "Brigitte Fontaine, (born June 24, 1939) is a singer of avant-garde music. She has employed numerous unusual musical styles, melding rock and roll, folk, jazz, electronica, spoken word poetry, and world. She has collaborated with Stereolab, Michel Colombier, Jean-Claude Vannier, Areski Belkacem, Gotan Project, Sonic Youth, Antoine Duhamel, Grace Jones, Noir D\u00e9sir, Archie Shepp, Arno, and The Art Ensemble of Chicago.\nShe is also a novelist, playwright, poet, and actress.", "Q81998": "Marthe Hanau (1890\u20131935) was a Frenchwoman who successfully defrauded French financial markets in the 1920s and 1930s.", "Q919835": "Eric Robert Russell Linklater (8 March 1899 \u2013 7 November 1974) was a Welsh-born Scottish poet, writer of novels, short stories, military history, and travel books. For The Wind on the Moon, a children's fantasy novel, he won the 1944 Carnegie Medal from the Library Association for the year's best children's book by a British subject.", "Q106819": "Veer-Zaara (Hindi pronunciation: [\u028bi\u02d0r za\u02d0ra\u02d0]) is a 2004 Indian period romantic drama film directed by Yash Chopra and produced by him and his son Aditya Chopra. It stars Shah Rukh Khan and Preity Zinta as the eponymous star-crossed lovers; Veer is an Indian Air Force pilot and Zaara is the daughter of a Pakistani politician. Veer is imprisoned on false charges, and a young Pakistani lawyer played by Rani Mukerji fights his case. Amitabh Bachchan, Hema Malini, Divya Dutta, Manoj Bajpayee, Anupam Kher and Kirron Kher play supporting roles.\nChopra wanted to make his return to cinema after seven years; he was dissatisfied with the scripts he received. Aditya then narrated a few scenes of a story he had written, which interested Chopra and prompted him to direct it. Chopra intended the film to be a tribute to Punjab; it was to be titled Yeh Kahaan Aa Gaye Hum. Set in India and Pakistan, principal photography took place in Punjab and various locations in Mumbai; parts of the film were also shot in Pakistan. The soundtrack album, based on old compositions by Madan Mohan with lyrics by Javed Akhtar, was the highest-selling album of the year in India.\nThe film was released on 12 November 2004 during the Diwali festival. Veer-Zaara earned over \u20b9976.4 million worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing Indian film of the year in both India and overseas territories. It received positive reviews from critics, with praise directed to the story, dialogues, performances and sensitive portrayal of India-Pakistan relations. It was described by analysts as having themes pertaining to a shared Punjabi culture, secularism and feminism, among others. The film received several awards, including four at the Filmfare Awards, including Best Film and Best Story. At the 6th IIFA Awards, the film won 7 awards, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Music Director, Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress. It also won the Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment at the National Film Awards.", "Q151799": "Edward Cave (27 February 1691 \u2013 10 January 1754) was an English printer, editor and publisher. He coined the term \"magazine\" for a periodical, founding The Gentleman's Magazine in 1731, and was the first publisher to successfully fashion a wide-ranging publication.The son of a cobbler, Cave was born in Newton near Rugby, Warwickshire and attended Rugby School, but was expelled after being accused of stealing from the headmaster Henry Holyoake. He worked at a variety of jobs, including timber merchant, reporter and printer. He conceived the idea of a periodical that would cover every topic the educated public was interested in, from commerce to poetry, and tried to convince several London printers and booksellers to take up the idea. When no one showed any interest, Cave took on the task himself. The Gentleman's Magazine was launched in 1731 and soon became the most influential and most imitated periodical of its time. It also made Cave wealthy.\nCave was an astute businessman. He devoted all his energy to the magazine, and rarely left its offices at St John's Gate, Clerkenwell. He made use of many contributors, most famously Samuel Johnson, who was always grateful to Cave for having provided his principal employment for many years. Cave himself often contributed pieces to the Magazine under the pen name of Sylvanus Urban.\nHe also obtained a licence from Lewis Paul for 250 spindles for his patent roller-spinning machine, a precursor of the water frame. In 1742 he bought Marvel's Mill at Northampton and converted this to a cotton mill, probably the first water-powered spinning mill in the world. This was apparently profitable, but only modestly so. It closed in (or possibly soon after) 1761.\nCave suffered from gout. He is buried at St. James Church, Clerkenwell.", "Q87331": "Henry Boernstein [in Europe, Heinrich B\u00f6rnstein] (November 4, 1805 \u2013 September 10, 1892) was the publisher of the Anzeiger des Westens in St. Louis, Missouri, the oldest German newspaper west of the Mississippi River. He was also a political activist, author, soldier, actor and stage manager. He played a major role in keeping Missouri in the Union at the start of the Civil War.", "Q1313717": "Manolis Chiotis (Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2; March 21, 1920, Thessaloniki \u2013 March 21, 1970, Athens) was a Greek rebetiko and laiko composer, singer, and bouzouki player. He is considered one of the greatest bouzouki soloists of all time. He popularised the four-course bouzouki (tetrachordo) and introduced the guitar-like tuning, who found it better suited to the kind of virtuoso playing he was famous for.Chiotis had other successes. In the summer of 1961, he played for Aristotle Onassis and Maria Callas, Prince Rainier III of Monaco and Grace Kelly. Journalist Dimitris Liberopoulos, Onassis\u2019 biographer, writes in his book that when the two couples joined one of Chiotis\u2019 shows in Athens, they asked to meet him in person to congratulate him.\nCallas told Chiotis that she had been translating the lyrics of his songs to Princess Grace all night long and the American actress loved them because \u201cshe is a woman in love.\u201d At that moment, Kelly asked Chiotis what the difference between a bouzouki and an electric guitar is.\nChiotis\u2019 answer was rather unexpected; \u201cMrs. Callas, please explain to Princess Grace that the strings of an electric guitar vibrate due to electricity, while the strings of a bouzouki vibrate through the heart.\u201d", "Q713929": "Charles B. Middleton (October 3, 1874 \u2013 April 22, 1949) was an American stage and film actor. During a film career that began at age 46 and lasted almost 30 years, he appeared in nearly 200 films as well as numerous plays. He is perhaps best remembered for his role as the villainous emperor Ming the Merciless in the three Flash Gordon serials made between 1936 and 1940.", "Q8731": "Los Angeles International Airport (IATA: LAX, ICAO: KLAX, FAA LID: LAX), commonly referred to as LAX (with each of its letters pronounced individually), is the primary international airport serving Los Angeles, California, and its surrounding metropolitan area.\nLAX is located in the Westchester neighborhood of Los Angeles in California, 18 miles (30 km) southwest of Downtown Los Angeles, with the commercial and residential areas of Westchester to the north, the city of El Segundo to the south and the city of Inglewood to the east. Owned and operated by Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA), an agency of the government of Los Angeles, formerly known as the Department of Airports, the airport covers 3,500 acres (1,400 ha) of land. LAX has four parallel runways.In 2019, LAX handled 88,068,013 passengers, making it the world's third busiest and the United States' second busiest airport following Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. As the largest and busiest international airport on the U.S. West Coast, LAX is a major international gateway to the United States, and also serves a connection point for passengers traveling internationally. The airport holds the record for the world's busiest origin and destination airport, since relative to other airports, many more travelers begin or end their trips in Los Angeles than use it as a connection. It is also the only airport to rank among the top five U.S. airports for both passenger and cargo traffic.LAX serves as a hub or focus city for more passenger airlines than any other airport in the United States. It is the only airport that four U.S. legacy carriers (Alaska, American, Delta and United) have designated as a hub and is a focus city for Air New Zealand, Allegiant Air, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Qantas, Southwest Airlines, and Volaris. While LAX is the busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles Area, several other airports, including Hollywood Burbank Airport, John Wayne Airport, Long Beach Airport, as well as Ontario International Airport, also serve the area.", "Q97122": "Karl Theodor Maria Georg Achaz Eberhardt Josef Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (23 May 1921 \u2013 4 October 1972) was a German politician of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU). He was parliamentary secretary of state in the Chancellor's Office in the government of Kurt Georg Kiesinger from 1967 until 1969, as well as the foreign policy spokesman of the CDU/CSU group in the Bundestag. Guttenberg was perceived as a hardline conservative anticommunist as well as a convinced proponent of European integration. His work was mostly within the field of foreign policy.\nGuttenberg served as an officer during World War II, but was punished for anti-Nazi statements and became, through his uncle Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg, a member of the anti-Nazi resistance in the German army. While his uncle was imprisoned after the 20 July plot and executed shortly before the war's end, Karl Theodor zu Guttenberg was taken prisoner of war by the British, and soon after started to work for British propaganda, including the Soldatensender Calais.\nGuttenberg owned large estates in Franconia, several hotels as well as the winery Weingut Reichsrat von Buhl in the Palatinate. Himself a member of the House of Guttenberg, he married Rosa Sophie Prinzessin von Arenberg, of the House of Arenberg, in 1943. Their son Enoch zu Guttenberg became a conductor as well as inherited Weingut Reichsrat von Buhl. His grandson is the politician and former federal government minister Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg.He became a member of the CSU in 1946, and was a member of the Bundestag from 1957 to 1972, where he represented Kulmbach. In the Bundestag, he was a noted public speaker and was for several years the foreign policy spokesman of the CDU/CSU group. Guttenberg was a fierce critic of the Ostpolitik of Willy Brandt. After Brandt's government had recognized the existence of \"a second German state\" (the German Democratic Republic), he called it a \"dark hour\". While most of the CDU/CSU group abstained during the vote on the Basic Treaty, 1972, Guttenberg voted against. In a speech, he stated: \"The \"GDR\" must be revealed to the world for what it is: Not a state, but a caricature of a state\".A Roman Catholic, Guttenberg became a Knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre in 1957. He received the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1972.", "Q140694": "Alexis Charles Henri Cl\u00e9rel, comte de Tocqueville (French: [al\u025bgzi d\u0259 t\u0254kvil]; 29 July 1805 \u2013 16 April 1859), colloquially known as Tocqueville (), was a French aristocrat, diplomat, political scientist and historian. He is best known for his works Democracy in America (appearing in two volumes, 1835 and 1840) and The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856). In both, he analysed the improved living standards and social conditions of individuals as well as their relationship to the market and state in Western societies. Democracy in America was published after Tocqueville's travels in the United States and is today considered an early work of sociology and political science.\nTocqueville was active in French politics, first under the July Monarchy (1830\u20131848) and then during the Second Republic (1849\u20131851) which succeeded the February 1848 Revolution. He retired from political life after Louis Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte's 2 December 1851 coup and thereafter began work on The Old Regime and the Revolution. Tocqueville argued the importance of the French Revolution was to continue the process of modernizing and centralizing the French state which had begun under King Louis XIV. The failure of the Revolution came from the inexperience of the deputies who were too wedded to abstract Enlightenment ideals.\nTocqueville was a classical liberal who advocated parliamentary government and was skeptical of the extremes of democracy. During his time in parliament, he sat on the centre-left, but the complex and restless nature of his liberalism has led to contrasting interpretations and admirers across the political spectrum. Regarding his political position, Tocqueville wrote \"the word 'left' is... the word I wanted to attach to my name so that it would remain attached to it forever.\"", "Q328590": "Christopher Ferdinand Durang (born January 2, 1949) is an American playwright known for works of outrageous and often absurd comedy. His work was especially popular in the 1980s, though his career seemed to get a second wind in the late 1990s. His play, Vanya and Sonia and Masha and Spike won the Tony Award for Best Play in 2013. The production was directed by Nicholas Martin, and featured Sigourney Weaver, David Hyde Pierce, Kristine Nielsen, Billy Magnussen, Shalita Grant and Genevieve Angelson.\nHe is co-director of the Lila Acheson Wallace American Playwrights Program at Juilliard.", "Q291505": "Ana Emilia Lahitte (La Plata, December 19, 1921 \u2013 July 10, 2013) was an Argentine writer. Her works include several literature genres, but mainly poetry.", "Q160544": "Heraklion or Iraklion (; Greek: \u0397\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf, Ir\u00e1kleio, pronounced [i\u02c8raklio]) is the largest city and the administrative capital of the island of Crete and capital of Heraklion regional unit. It is the fifth largest city in Greece with a population of 140,730 according to the 2011 census. The population of the municipality was 173,993.The Bronze Age palace of Knossos, also known as the Palace of Minos, is located nearby.\nHeraklion was Europe's fastest growing tourism destination for 2017, according to Euromonitor, with an 11.2% growth in international arrivals. According to the ranking, Heraklion was ranked as the 20th most visited region in Europe, as the 66th area on the Planet and as the 2nd in Greece for the year 2017, with 3.2 million visitors and the 19th in Europe for 2018, with 3.4 million visitors.", "Q685787": "Henry Stuart Hazlitt (; November 28, 1894 \u2013 July 9, 1993) was an American journalist who wrote about business and economics for such publications as The Wall Street Journal, The Nation, The American Mercury, Newsweek, and The New York Times. He is widely cited in both libertarian and conservative circles.", "Q1681928": "Norwich University \u2013 The Military College of Vermont is a private university in Northfield, Vermont. It is the oldest private military college in the United States. The university was founded in 1819 at Norwich, Vermont, as the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy. It is the oldest of six senior military colleges and is recognized by the United States Department of Defense as the \"Birthplace of ROTC\" (Reserve Officers' Training Corps).", "Q359382": "Art\u016bras Barysas \"Baras\" (May 10, 1954 \u2013 January 28, 2005) was a Lithuanian \"counter-culture\" actor, singer, photographer, and filmmaker, known as the father of modern Lithuanian avant-garde.\nHis works were declared \"apolitical and immoral\" by the cultural nomenklatura of the Soviet Union.\nHe was a vocalist of an avant-garde band I.V.T.K.Y.G.Y.G. (Ir Visa Tai Kas Yra Gra\u017eu Yra Gra\u017eu, \"And Everything That Is Beautiful, Is Beautiful\"). Arturas Barysas become the main character (Magas) in Robertas Kundrotas and Algimantas Lyva novel \"Pasvir\u0119s pasaulis\" (1995).\nThree of his works received Bronze awards in the Eurofilmgorum Scandinavia 2003 amateur films festival.", "Q786517": "Robert Allen Stanford (born March 24, 1950), known primarily by his middle name, is an American convicted financial fraudster and former financier and was also a sponsor of professional sports. He is currently serving a 110-year federal prison sentence, having been convicted in 2012 of charges that his investment company was a massive Ponzi scheme and fraud.Stanford was the chairman of the now defunct Stanford Financial Group of Companies. A fifth-generation Texan who once resided in Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, he holds dual citizenship, being a citizen of Antigua and Barbuda and the United States. He contributed millions of dollars to politicians in both Antigua and the United States amongst other countries.In early 2009, Stanford became the subject of several fraud investigations, and on February 17, 2009, was charged by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) with fraud and multiple violations of U.S. securities laws for alleged \"massive ongoing fraud\" involving $7 billion in certificates of deposits. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) raided Stanford's offices in Houston, Texas; Memphis, Tennessee; and Tupelo, Mississippi. On February 27, 2009, the SEC amended its complaint to describe the alleged fraud as a \"massive Ponzi scheme\". He \"voluntarily surrendered\" to authorities on June 18, 2009. On March 6, 2012, Stanford was convicted on all charges except a single count of wire fraud. He is serving his 110-year sentence at United States Penitentiary, Coleman II in Coleman, Florida. In September 2014, Stanford appealed his conviction; however, the appeals court rejected the appeal in October 2015.\n\n", "Q682003": "V\u00edctor Manuel Ruiz Vel\u00e1zquez (born September 27, 1968), known professionally as V\u00edctor Manuelle, is a successful Latin Grammy nominated American salsa singer, known to his fans as El Sonero de la Juventud (\"The Singer Of Youths\"). He is identified primarily with salsa romantica or \"salsa monga\". Victor Manuel has neither recorded in English, nor made a Latin pop album, nor (with rare exceptions) ventured into acting, preferring to remain a musician grounded within salsa music. He recently surpassed Marc Anthony for the most number-one singles in the Billboard Tropical Songs chart.", "Q157303": "Georges Perec (born George Peretz) (French: [pe\u0281\u025bk, p\u025b\u0281\u025bk]; 7 March 1936 \u2013 3 March 1982) was a French novelist, filmmaker, documentalist, and essayist. He was a member of the Oulipo group. His father died as a soldier early in the Second World War and his mother was murdered in the Holocaust, and many of his works deal with absence, loss, and identity, often through word play.", "Q158030": "Cornelius Castoriadis (Greek: \u039a\u03bf\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2; 11 March 1922 \u2013 26 December 1997) was a Greek-French philosopher, social critic, economist, psychoanalyst, author of The Imaginary Institution of Society, and co-founder of the Socialisme ou Barbarie group.His writings on autonomy and social institutions have been influential in both academic and activist circles.", "Q62430": "Emilie Schindler (n\u00e9e Pelzl; 22 October 1907 \u2013 5 October 2001) was a Sudeten German-born woman who, with her husband Oskar Schindler, helped to save the lives of 1,200 Jews during World War II by employing them in his enamelware and munitions factories, providing them immunity from the Nazis. She was recognized as Righteous Among the Nations by Israel's Yad Vashem in 1994.", "Q2642200": "Salabat Jung was born to Mir Sa'id Muhammad Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi on 24 November 1718. He was the 4th Nizam of Hyderabad and the 3rd son of Nizam-ul-Mulk. He was appointed as Naib Subahdar (Deputy Viceroy) to his elder brother, Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung II, the Prime Minister of Mughal Empire, with the title Salabat Jung. He was invested by Imperial firman, at Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 12 September 1749. He was granted the titles of Khan Bahadur and Salabat Jung during his father's lifetime. \nDuring the Second Carnatic War he was a prisoner, first in Nasir Jung's camp and later in Muzaffar Jung's camp. After Muzaffar Jung (his nephew) was killed by the Afghans on 13 February 1751, Mir Sa'id Muhammad Khan was proclaimed as the new Nizam near Lakkireddipalli Pass, by the French under De Bussy with the title Asaf-ad-Daulah, Nawab Said Muhammad Khan Bahadur, Salabat Jung, Zafar Jung, Nawab Subahdar of the Deccan. He was promoted to the title of Amir-ul-Mamalik by the Emperor Alamgir II. He was the ruler of the Hyderabad State in India from 1751 until 1762. \nThe Khilwath Palace of Hyderabad was built under his direction.", "Q901049": "Louis-Marie Hilaire Bernigaud de Grange, Count (Comte) de Chardonnet (1 May 1839 \u2013 11 March 1924) was a French engineer and industrialist from Besan\u00e7on, and inventor of artificial silk.\nIn the late 1870s, Chardonnet was working with Louis Pasteur on a remedy to the epidemic that was destroying French silkworms. Failure to clean up a spill in the darkroom resulted in Chardonnet's discovery of nitrocellulose as a potential replacement for real silk. Realizing the value of such a discovery, Chardonnet began to develop his new product.He called his new invention \"Chardonnet silk\" (soie de Chardonnet) and displayed it in the Paris Exhibition of 1889. Unfortunately, Chardonnet's material was extremely flammable, and was subsequently replaced with other, more stable materials.\nHe was the first to patent artificial silk, although Georges Audemars had invented a variety called rayon in 1855.\n\n", "Q3010352": "Cerebrovascular disease includes a variety of medical conditions that affect the blood vessels of the brain and the cerebral circulation. Arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the brain are often damaged or deformed in these disorders. The most common presentation of cerebrovascular disease is an ischemic stroke or mini-stroke and sometimes a hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is the most important contributing risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular diseases as it can change the structure of blood vessels and result in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis narrows blood vessels in the brain, resulting in decreased cerebral perfusion. Other risk factors that contribute to stroke include smoking and diabetes. Narrowed cerebral arteries can lead to ischemic stroke, but continually elevated blood pressure can also cause tearing of vessels, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke.A stroke usually presents with an abrupt onset of a neurologic deficit \u2013 such as hemiplegia (one-sided weakness), numbness, aphasia (language impairment), or ataxia (loss of coordination) \u2013 attributable to a focal vascular lesion. The neurologic symptoms manifest within seconds because neurons need a continual supply of nutrients, including glucose and oxygen, that are provided by the blood. Therefore if blood supply to the brain is impeded, injury and energy failure is rapid.Besides hypertension, there are also many less common causes of cerebrovascular disease, including those that are congenital or idiopathic and include CADASIL, aneurysms, amyloid angiopathy, arteriovenous malformations, fistulas, and arterial dissections. Many of these diseases can be asymptomatic until an acute event, such as a stroke, occurs. Cerebrovascular diseases can also present less commonly with headache or seizures. Any of these diseases can result in vascular dementia due to ischemic damage to the brain.", "Q1893048": "Marcel Herrmann Telles (born 23 February 1950) is a Brazilian investor and businessman. Telles is a board member of AB InBev. His fortune is estimated at $9.8 billion. Telles was able to increase his equity by one billion dollars since the last, Forbes magazine said. According to the magazine, he likes to practice diving and spend free time in Monaco.", "Q118414": "Seaton Grantland (June 8, 1782 \u2013 October 18, 1864) was a United States Representative from Georgia. He was born in New Kent County, Virginia. He pursued an academic course and studied law. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Milledgeville, Georgia.\nGrantland was elected as a Jacksonian Democrats to the 24th United States Congress and reelected as a Democrat to the 25th Congress (March 4, 1835 \u2013 March 3, 1839). He was a presidential elector on the Whig ticket in 1840. He died at his home, \"Woodville,\" near Milledgeville in 1864. He was buried in Memory Hill Cemetery in Milledgeville.", "Q232251": "Stir Crazy is a 1980 American comedy film directed by Sidney Poitier, produced by Hannah Weinstein and written by Bruce Jay Friedman. The film stars Gene Wilder and Richard Pryor as unemployed friends who are given 125-year prison sentences after being framed for a bank robbery. While in prison they befriend other prison inmates. The film reunited Wilder and Pryor, who had appeared previously in the 1976 comedy thriller film Silver Streak. The film was released in the United States on December 12, 1980 to mixed critical reviews and was a major financial success.", "Q274204": "Susan Ellen Anton (born October 12, 1950) is an American actress and singer.", "Q74252": "Karl Dedecius (20 May 1921 in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a \u2013 26 February 2016) was a Polish-born German translator of Polish and Russian literature.", "Q110048": "Hedy Epstein (n\u00e9e Wachenheimer; August 15, 1924 \u2013 May 26, 2016) was a German-born Jewish-American political activist known for her support of the Palestinian cause through the International Solidarity Movement.Born in Freiburg to a Jewish family, she was rescued from Nazi Germany by the Kindertransport in 1939. She immigrated to the United States in 1948, married Arnold Epstein (?-1977), and lived in St. Louis, Missouri, for many years.", "Q317953": "Lawrence Henry Summers (born November 30, 1954) is an American economist, former Vice President of Development Economics and Chief Economist of the World Bank (1991\u201393), senior U.S. Treasury Department official throughout President Clinton's administration (ultimately Treasury Secretary, 1999\u20132001), and former director of the National Economic Council for President Obama (2009\u20132010). He is a former president of Harvard University (2001\u20132006), where he is currently (as of March, 2017) a professor and director of the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government.Born in New Haven, Connecticut, Summers became a professor of economics at Harvard University in 1983. He left Harvard in 1991, working as the Chief Economist at the World Bank from 1991 to 1993. In 1993, Summers was appointed Undersecretary for International Affairs of the United States Department of the Treasury under the Clinton Administration. In 1995, he was promoted to Deputy Secretary of the Treasury under his long-time political mentor Robert Rubin. In 1999, he succeeded Rubin as Secretary of the Treasury. While working for the Clinton administration Summers played a leading role in the American response to the 1994 economic crisis in Mexico, the 1997 Asian financial crisis, and the Russian financial crisis. He was also influential in the Harvard Institute for International Development and American-advised privatization of the economies of the post-Soviet states, and in the deregulation of the U.S financial system, including the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act.\nFollowing the end of Clinton's term, Summers served as the 27th President of Harvard University from 2001 to 2006. Summers resigned as Harvard's president in the wake of a no-confidence vote by Harvard faculty, which resulted in large part from Summers's conflict with Cornel West, financial conflict of interest questions regarding his relationship with Andrei Shleifer, and a 2005 speech in which he suggested that the under-representation of women in science and engineering could be due to a \"different availability of aptitude at the high end\", and less to patterns of discrimination and socialization. Remarking upon political correctness in institutions of higher education, Summers said in 2016:\n\nThere is a great deal of absurd political correctness. Now, I'm somebody who believes very strongly in diversity, who resists racism in all of its many incarnations, who thinks that there is a great deal that's unjust in American society that needs to be combated, but it seems to be that there is a kind of creeping totalitarianism in terms of what kind of ideas are acceptable and are debatable on college campuses.\n\nAfter his departure from Harvard, Summers worked as a managing partner at the hedge fund D. E. Shaw & Co., and as a freelance speaker at other financial institutions, including Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, Merrill Lynch and Lehman Brothers. Summers rejoined public service during the Obama administration, serving as the Director of the White House United States National Economic Council for President Barack Obama from January 2009 until November 2010, where he emerged as a key economic decision-maker in the Obama administration's response to the Great Recession. After his departure from the NEC in December 2010, Summers has worked in the private sector and as a columnist in major newspapers. In mid-2013, his name was widely floated as the potential successor to Ben Bernanke as the Chairman of the Federal Reserve, though Obama eventually nominated Federal Reserve Vice-Chairwoman Janet Yellen for the position. As of 2017, Summers retains his Harvard University status as former president emeritus and Charles W. Eliot University Professor.", "Q123482": "Gerhard Eck (born January 24, 1960 in Schweinfurt) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.", "Q615419": "An\u0161lavs Egl\u012btis (October 14, 1906 \u2013 March 4, 1993 was a Latvian writer, journalist and painter who became a war refugee in 1944. He had prolific career as a novelist, and his later work often examined aspects of exile life.\n\n", "Q588": "Katowice (UK: KAT-\u0259-VEET-s\u0259, US: KAHT-, Polish: [kat\u0254\u02c8vits\u025b] (listen); officially Miasto Katowice; 1953\u20131956: Stalinogr\u00f3d; Silesian: Katowicy; German: Kattowitz) is a city in southern Poland, the capital city of the Silesian Region, and a center of the Upper Silesia and D\u0105browa Basin Metropolis. With the population of 294,510 (as of 2018), it is the eleventh-largest city in Poland. The wider Katowice urban area has the population of approximately 2 to 3 million people.\nThroughout the mid-18th century, Katowice had developed into a village upon the discovery of rich coal reserves in the area. In 1742 the First Silesian War transferred Upper Silesia, including Katowice, to Prussia. Subsequently, from the second half of the 18th century, many German or Prussian craftsmen, merchants and artists began to settle in the region, which had been inhabited mostly by Poles over the past hundreds of years. Simultaneously Silesia experienced the influx of the first Jewish settlers. In the first half of the 19th century, intensive industrialization transformed local mills and farms into industrial steelworks, mines, foundries and artisan workshops. This also contributed to the establishment of companies and eventual rapid growth of the city. At the same time, Katowice became linked to the railway system with the first train arriving at the main station in 1847.The outbreak of World War I was favourable for Katowice due to the prospering steel industry. Following Germany's defeat and the Silesian Uprisings, Katowice and parts of Upper Silesia were annexed by the Second Polish Republic. Poland was then backed by the Geneva Convention and the ethnic Silesian minority. On 3 May 1921, the Polish army entered Katowice and the Polish administration took control. The city became the capital of the autonomous Silesian Voivodeship as well as the seat of the Silesian Parliament and Committee of Upper Silesia. After the plebiscite, many former German citizens emigrated, however a vibrant German community remained until the end of World War II. In 1939, after the Wehrmacht seized the town, Katowice and the provinces were incorporated into the Third Reich. The town was eventually liberated by the Soviet army on 27 January 1945.Katowice is a center of science, culture, industry, business, trade, and transportation in Upper Silesia and southern Poland, and the main city in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region. Katowice lies within an urban zone, with a population of 2,746,460 according to Eurostat, and also part of the wider Silesian metropolitan area, with a population of 5,008,000 according to the Brookings Institution or 5,294,000 according to the European Spatial Planning Observation Network.Today, the city is considered as an emerging metropolis. The whole metropolitan area is the 16th most economically powerful city by GDP in the European Union with an output amounting to $114.5 billion.Katowice is the seat of the Polish National Radio Symphony and Orchestra. It also hosts the finals of Intel Extreme Masters, an Esports video game tournament. In 2015, Katowice joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network and was named a UNESCO City of Music.", "Q322730": "Albert Sauveur (21 June 1863 \u2013 26 January 1939) was an American Metallurgist, originally from Belgium.\nSauveur was born in Leuven, Belgium. He studied at Ath\u00e9n\u00e9e Royal in Brussels, then the School of Mines, Liege and graduated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1889.\nSauveur founded the first metallographic laboratory in a university. From 1924 to 1939, he held the Gordon McKay Professor of Mining and Metallurgy title at Harvard University. From 1939 on, ASM International started bestowing the Albert Sauveur Achievement Award, for achievements in materials science and engineering.\nHe was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal in 1913 and the Franklin Medal in 1939, both from The Franklin Institute.", "Q4710804": "Albert Marshman Palmer (1838-1905) was an American theatrical manager, born at North Stonington, Connecticut. He was universally known in the theatrical world by his initials A. M. Palmer.", "Q3368537": "Edmund Joseph Flaherty (March 8, 1897 \u2013 December 2, 1970) was an American film actor who appeared in about 200 films.", "Q662849": "National Alliance (Italian: Alleanza Nazionale, AN) was a conservative political party in Italy.\nAN was the successor of the post-fascist Italian Social Movement (MSI), which had moderated its policies over its last decades and finally distanced itself from its former ideology during a convention in Fiuggi by dissolving into the new party in 1995.Gianfranco Fini was the leader of AN from its foundation through 2008, after being elected President of the Chamber of Deputies. Fini was succeeded by Ignazio La Russa, who managed the merger of the party with Forza Italia (FI) into The People of Freedom (PdL) in 2009. A group of former AN members, led by La Russa, left FI in 2012 in order to launch the Brothers of Italy (FdI), while others remained in the PdL and were among the founding members of the new Forza Italia (FI) in 2013.\n\n", "Q66656": "Rudolf Bayer (born 3 March 1939) is a German computer scientist. \nHe is professor emeritus of Informatics at the Technical University of Munich where he had been employed since 1972. He is noted for inventing three data sorting structures: the B-tree (with Edward M. McCreight), the UB-tree (with Volker Markl) and the red-black tree. \nBayer is a recipient of 2001 ACM SIGMOD Edgar F. Codd Innovations Award. In 2005 he was elected as a fellow of the Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Informatik.", "Q210796": "Kom\u00e1rno (Hungarian: Kom\u00e1rom, colloquially R\u00e9vkom\u00e1rom, \u00d6regkom\u00e1rom, \u00c9szak-Kom\u00e1rom, German: Komorn, Serbian: Komoran/\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d) is a town in Slovakia at the confluence of the Danube and the V\u00e1h rivers. Kom\u00e1rno was formed from part of a historical town in Hungary situated on both banks of the Danube. Following World War I and the Treaty of Trianon, the border of the newly created Czechoslovakia cut the historical, unified town in half, creating two new towns. The smaller part, based on the former suburb of \u00dajsz\u0151ny, is in present-day Hungary as Kom\u00e1rom (the historical Hungarian town had the same name). Kom\u00e1rno and Kom\u00e1rom are connected by the Elisabeth Bridge, which used to be a border crossing between Slovakia and Hungary until border checks were lifted due to the Schengen Area rules.\nKom\u00e1rno is Slovakia's principal port on the Danube. It is also the center of the Hungarian community in Slovakia, which makes up 53.8% (2011 census) of the town's population. The town is the historic seat of the Serbian national minority in Slovakia.", "Q77983": "Hans Alex Keilson (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0266\u0251ns \u02c8k\u025bils\u0254n]; 12 December 1909 \u2013 31 May 2011) was a German-Dutch novelist, poet, psychoanalyst and child psychologist. He was best known for his novels set during the Second World War, during which he was an active member of the Dutch resistance.\nKeilson, having worked with traumatized orphans, mainly wrote about traumas induced by the war. His first novel was published in 1934, but most of his works were published after the war. In 2010, The New York Times 's Francine Prose described Keilson as \"one of the world's greatest writers\", notably honouring Keilson's achievements in the year in which he turned 101 years old.\n\n", "Q3857": "Wilhelmshaven (German: [v\u026alh\u025blms\u02c8ha\u02d0fn\u0329], lit. Wilhelm's Harbour) is a coastal town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the western side of the Jade Bight, a bay of the North Sea. Wilhelmshaven is the centre of the \"JadeBay\" business region (which has around 330,000 inhabitants) and is Germany's main military port.\nThe adjacent Lower Saxony Wadden Sea National Park (part of the Wattenmeer UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site) provides the basis for the major tourism industry in the region.", "Q220655": "The Hi-Lo Country is a 1998 American Western-drama film directed by Stephen Frears, starring Billy Crudup, Pen\u00e9lope Cruz, Woody Harrelson, Cole Hauser, Sam Elliott, Patricia Arquette, Enrique Castillo, and Katy Jurado. It is set in post-World War II New Mexico and is based on the Western novel by Max Evans.", "Q1813648": "Timi Hansen (28 October 1958 \u2013 4 November 2019) was a Danish bass player. He played in the Danish heavy metal band Mercyful Fate from 1981 to 1985 and from 1992 to 1993, and its successor project King Diamond from 1985 to 1987.He played with his fingers rather than with a guitar pick.\nMany have asked about how Hansen acquired \"Grabber\" as a nickname. Timi apparently used to play a Gibson G3 Grabber. A music store clerk began to call him \"Grabber\" and the name stuck. Aware that the meaning might be misunderstood, he slowly changed his stage name, Timi Grabber, back to his real name, Timi Hansen.", "Q172815": "Keith Greene (born 5 January 1938) is a British former racing driver from England. He raced in Formula One from 1959 to 1962, participating in six World Championship Grands Prix and numerous non-Championship races.Prior to Formula One, Greene had a successful career in sportscars. In 1956 using a Cooper T39 he competed in 11 national level races finishing outside the top six on only one occasion, with two wins and three other podium finishes.After retiring from driving, Greene became a team manager in Formula One and sports car racing. He worked for Hexagon of Highgate in London running their newly formed motorcycle business in the mid 1970s. At that time he also managed Alain de Cadenet's Le Mans racing team.", "Q69203": "Erlenbach is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q230320": "Julie Marie Benz (born May 1, 1972) is an American actress, known for her roles as Darla on Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel (1997\u20132004), and as Rita Bennett on Dexter (2006\u20132010), for which she won the 2006 Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress and the 2009 Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress.\nBenz has also starred in the television series Roswell (1999\u20132000), Desperate Housewives (2010), No Ordinary Family (2010\u20132011), A Gifted Man (2011\u20132012), Defiance (2013\u20132015), Hawaii Five-0 (2015\u20132017), and Training Day (2017). Her films include Jawbreaker (1999), The Brothers (2001), Rambo (2008), Saw V (2008), Punisher: War Zone (2008), and The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day (2009).", "Q972919": "Juan Padr\u00f3s Rubi\u00f3 (born 1 December 1869, in Barcelona) is recognised as the second official President of Real Madrid.\nHe first took office on 6 March 1902, about 2 years after Real Madrid was created.He remained as President until 1904, when he was succeeded by his brother, Carlos Padr\u00f3s. Both of them were Catalan business men who had moved to Madrid.", "Q1967863": "Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti (22 June 1822 \u2013 2 October 1876) was born at Gambarana, near Pavia in 1822. A famous friend of Corti's father, Antonio Scarpa, may have kindled his boyhood interest in anatomy and medicine. As a medical student he enrolled first at the University of Pavia. Corti's favorite study there was microanatomy with Bartolomeo Panizza and Mario Rusconi. In 1845, against paternal wishes, Corti moved to Vienna to complete his medical studies and to work in the anatomical institute of Joseph Hirtl. There he received the degree in medicine in 1847 under the supervision of professor Hyrtl, with a thesis on the bloodstream system of a reptile. He was then appointed by Hyrtl to be his Second Prosector. With the outbreak of the 1848 Revolution he left Vienna, and after brief military service in Italy made visits to eminent scientists in Bern, London and Paris. At the beginning of 1850 Corti had received the invitation of the anatomist Albert K\u00f6lliker and had moved to W\u00fcrzburg, where he made friends with Virchow. At the K\u00f6lliker Laboratory he began to work on the mammalian auditory system. Corti spent a short time in Utrecht, where he visited Professors Jacobus Schroeder van der Kolk and Pieter Harting. During his stay he learned to use methods to preserve several preparations of the cochlea. From Utrecht he returned to W\u00fcrzburg to complete his study of at least 200 cochleas of man and different animals. His famous paper, \"Recherches sur l'organe de l'ou\u00efe des mammiferes\",\nappeared in 1851 in K\u00f6lliker's journal \"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr wissenschaftliche Zoologie\". In the same year, after the death of his father, he inherited his father's estate and the title \"Marchese de San Stefano Belbo\" and moved back to Italy. In 1855 Corti married the daughter from a neighboring estate, Maria Bettinzoli. His young wife presented him with a daughter Bianca, and a son Gaspare, but in 1861 she died, leaving him with the responsibility of rearing the children. Unfortunately he was gradually developing arthritis deformans. Corti's last 15 years were further darkened by the inexorable progress of his crippling illness. In 1876, on the second of October, he died at Corvino San Quirico.", "Q66130": "William V, Prince of Wied (German: Wilhelm Adolph Maximilian Karl F\u00fcrst von Wied; 22 August 1845 \u2013 22 October 1907) was a German officer and politician, elder son of Hermann, Prince of Wied. He was the father of William, Prince of Albania and brother of Queen Elisabeth of Romania.", "Q229671": "Chelsea Victoria Clinton (born February 27, 1980) is an American author and global health advocate. She is the only child of former U.S. President Bill Clinton and former U.S. Secretary of State and 2016 presidential candidate Hillary Clinton. She was a special correspondent for NBC News from 2011 to 2014 and now works with the Clinton Foundation and Clinton Global Initiative, including taking a prominent role at the foundation with a seat on its board.\nClinton was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, during her father's first term as governor. She attended public schools there until he was elected President and the family moved to the White House, where she began attending the private Sidwell Friends School. She received an undergraduate degree at Stanford University and later earned master's degrees from University of Oxford (having studied at University College, Oxford) and Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health, and a Doctor of Philosophy in international relations from the University of Oxford in 2014. Clinton married investment banker Marc Mezvinsky in 2010. They have a daughter and two sons.\nIn 2007 and 2008, Clinton campaigned extensively on American college campuses for her mother's Democratic presidential nomination bid and introduced her at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. She assumed a similar role in her mother's 2016 presidential campaign, making more than 200 public appearances as her surrogate and again introducing her at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.\nClinton has authored five children's books and co-authored a scholarly book for adults on global health policy, as well as articles and opinion pieces published in major media outlets. She has received numerous awards and honors.\nClinton has worked for McKinsey & Company, Avenue Capital Group, and New York University and serves on several boards, including those of the School of American Ballet, Clinton Foundation, Clinton Global Initiative, Common Sense Media, Weill Cornell Medical College, and IAC/InterActiveCorp.", "Q322056": "Lance Reddick (born December 31, 1962) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for playing Cedric Daniels in The Wire and Phillip Broyles in Fringe. He is also known for portraying Detective Johnny Basil on Oz, Matthew Abaddon in Lost and Charon from the John Wick franchise. He has provided the voice and likeness for video game characters Martin Hatch in Quantum Break, Sylens in Horizon Zero Dawn and Commander Zavala in the Destiny franchise. He currently plays Chief Irvin Irving on Amazon Prime's Bosch.", "Q986126": "Cha Chi-ming (1914 \u2013 28 March 2007), GBM, JP, was a Hong Kong industrialist, entrepreneur and philanthropist. He was the Chairman of CDW International Limited, Mingly Corporation Limited, and Hong Kong Resort International Limited and also a member of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Preparatory Committee, a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee, and a Hong Kong Affairs Adviser.", "Q433472": "Kim Ah-joong (born October 16, 1982) is a South Korean actress, model and singer. She is best known for playing the main character in the romantic comedy 200 Pounds Beauty.", "Q270704": "T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010d (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8tr\u031d\u030a\u025bbi\u02d0t\u0283] (listen); German: Trebitsch) is a town in the Moravian part of the Vyso\u010dina Region of the Czech Republic. T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010d is a regional centre with a population of approximately 36,000. It is the administrative capital of the T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010d District.\nIn the age of its expansion, T\u0159eb\u00ed\u010d was the third most important town in Moravia. The population growth started after World War II.\nThere are several well-known tourist sights in the town. The Jewish Quarter and St. Procopius Basilica are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\nThe beginnings of the town's history are connected with the establishment of a Benedictine monastery, where the castle is located today.", "Q108161": "Angelika Overath (born July 17, 1957 in Karlsruhe) is a German author and journalist.Overath studied German literature, History, Italian Studies, and Cultural Studies at the University of T\u00fcbingen and wrote a PhD-thesis in 1986 about the colour blue in modern literature.\nShe regularly works as Writer in Residence for the German Section in the School of Modern Languages, Newcastle University, and at Queen Mary's College, London. She also teaches creative writing for the Swiss Hyperwerk.", "Q179798": "Kalifornia is a 1993 American road thriller film directed by Dominic Sena, in his directorial debut. It stars Brad Pitt, Juliette Lewis, David Duchovny, and Michelle Forbes. The film tells the story of a journalist (Duchovny) and his photographer girlfriend (Forbes) traveling cross-country to research serial killings, who unwittingly carpool with a psychopath (Pitt) and his childlike girlfriend (Lewis).\nFilmed in Georgia and rural inland California in the spring of 1993, Kalifornia premiered at the Montreal World Film Festival on August 27, 1993, where it was awarded two competition prizes. It was released theatrically the following week in the United States, but was a box office bomb, grossing $2.4 million against a nearly $9 million budget. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with some praising its art house sensibility, while others dismissed it as a violent exploitation film. Despite this, the film's acting was largely praised, and critic Roger Ebert heralded the performances of Pitt and Lewis among the best he had ever seen. The film was nominated for three Saturn Awards in 1994, including for Best Horror Film.", "Q43398": "The Gross Furkahorn is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Valais and Uri. It lies north of the Furka Pass and east of the Rhone Glacier.", "Q438527": "Andrew Blackman (born 2 August 1965 in Brisbane) is an Australian actor and theatre director, best known for his role's on television serials, including Dr. Harry Morrison in A Country Practice in 236 episodes and was just 1 of 3 other actors to have appeared on the series when it screened on the Seven Network and then the relaunch to Network Ten, he then played Mike Healey in 1997\u20131998 in Neighbours.", "Q2996474": "Aleksander Abramovich Drouz (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c, 10 May 1955, Leningrad, USSR) is a prominent veteran contestant of the Russian TV gameshow What? Where? When?, first of the currently five \"Magisters of the Game\"; Vice-President of the International Association of Clubs What? Where? When?, director of the Saint-Petersburg branch of the What? Where? When?", "Q1557483": "Guy Avraham Gerber (born 1974 in Holon, near Tel Aviv) is an Israeli electronic DJ/producer and musician who works in the underground techno scene. His projects range from collaborating with hip hop figure Puff Daddy, to starting a left-field night at the Ibiza club, the Pacha.After contributing a track to the label's 'Cocoon Compilation F' album, Gerber's first full-length album \u2018Late Bloomers\u2019 was released on Sven V\u00e4th\u2019s Cocoon Recordings imprint in June 2007 and featured two worldwide club hits in \u2018Belly Dancing\u2019 and \u2018Sea Of Sand\u2019 which he recorded with his Israeli production friend Shlomi Aber. Following this album, Gerber released 'My Invisible Romance'. In addition to his productions, Gerber also found time to remix New Order and Dominik Eulberg as well as setting up his own label Supplement Facts. In 2012 and 2013, the artist delivered a Fabric album made up of entirely original new productions; then 'Who's Stalking Who' was an LP closer to an extended composition than anything else. More recently, Gerber has remixed worthy mentions such as \u2018The L Word\u2019 by Deniz Kurtel and \u2018Hungry For The Power\u2019 by Azari & III.\nDespite being only 5\u20192\u201d, at the age of 15, Gerber was a member of the Israeli Under-16 national football team. As he began fiddling with drum machines and synths, Gerber soon developed a passion for music and found himself drawn to English guitar acts like Joy Division and Irish guitar acts like My Bloody Valentine. Consequently, his harmonic, shoe-gaze inspired sound was a style that saw Gerber record for various European electronic labels, including \u2018Stoppage Time\u2019 for John Digweed\u2019s Bedrock imprint. One can still find these musical influences, whether it is his hypnotising live performances or contemplative, moody productions.\nAs a performer, Gerber has been consistently rated one of the best acts in dance music, topping as a top 10 performer for the last three years on Resident Advisor. When DJing, he is noted for his extended sets such as a 12-hour performance at Burning Man in 2014. Gerber's 2013 Wisdom of the glove residency at Pacha caught the New York Times' attention. 12 months later, he went ahead with a clandestine free Ibiza beach party he called, Rumors. On top of his performances, Gerber had helped curate and A&R many underground music talents. His label, Supplement Facts, hosted artists from Chaim, to dOP, Guti and Kate Simko. However, as it was reaching its apex, Gerber put this project on hold to launch a new imprint Rumors. The new project was launched with Gerber's collaboration with Dixon, \"No Distance\", as well as a crossover album with Puff Daddy, '11:11', which was one of 2014's most critically acclaimed LPs.Similarly to Supplement Facts, Rumors reintroduces Gerber's attention to the visual aesthetic. The artist has been seen collaborating with artists all over the globe such as with Miss Kittin on the critically acclaimed 'Rumors on The Dancefloor' EP. Rumors has also released many EPs from other high-profile artists, like Seth Troxler, as well as upcoming talents with unique styles, such as Clarion or Acid Mondays.\nHowever, Rumors has also been launching accompanying event series in the summer of 2014. For instance, Rumors hosted a series of free parties in Ibiza with a laid back atmosphere, thanks to its setting in the Playa d'En Bossa beach. However, the Rumors parties rejected the mega-lineup announcements and posters across the rest of the island. There was very little information and it would all be given up last minute. Despite this unusual approach, Rumors parties saw huge artists like sasha, Miss Kittin, Kenny Glasgow and Matthew Dear sharing the sets alongside Gerber and the label's upcoming artists.\nFollowing these events, Rumors has not ceased to spread worldwide with events at 'Art Basel Miami 'and stages at 'BPM Mexico' and 'We Are FSTVL' in London proving. Although Gerber has been scattering his performances all across the globe, his vision of the perfect musical event remains the same, \"The night has a very particular flow... it has to start very deep, very spiritual, and it slowly builds up, never too fast. It\u2019s a very natural-feeling party. The tracks played must have some substance, not too loopy, and have some kind of musical vibe in them. I\u2019m looking for challenging deep house.\"", "Q64727": "Allschwil (German pronunciation: [\u02c8al\u0283vil]) is a town and a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.\nAllschwil is a seamless suburb of Basel and is located between Basel to the east and Alsace in France to the west.\nThe official language of Allschwil is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q117041": "Selwyn Francis Edge (1868\u20131940) was a British businessman, racing driver, cyclist and record-breaker. He is principally associated with selling and racing De Dion-Bouton, Gladiator; Clem\u00e9nt-Panhard, Napier and AC cars.", "Q575355": "Lake Forest is a city located in Lake County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 19,375. The city is along the shore of Lake Michigan, and is a part of the Chicago metropolitan area and the North Shore.\nLake Forest was founded together with Lake Forest College; it was laid out as a town in 1857, and was a stop for travelers making their way south to Chicago. The Lake Forest City Hall, designed by Charles Sumner Frost, was completed in 1898. It originally housed the fire department, the Lake Forest Library, and city offices.", "Q274562": "Loreena Isabel Irene McKennitt, (born February 17, 1957) is a Canadian musician, composer, harpist, accordionist, and pianist who writes, records and performs world music with Celtic and Middle Eastern themes. McKennitt is known for her refined and clear dramatic soprano vocals. She has sold more than 14 million records worldwide.\n\n", "Q65439": "Erlen is a municipality in Weinfelden District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q72145": "Manuel Jo\u00ebl (or Joel; October 19, 1826 \u2013 November 3, 1890) was a German Jewish philosopher and preacher.\nHe was born in Birnbaum (Mi\u0119dzych\u00f3d), Grand Duchy of Posen. After teaching for several years at the Breslau rabbinical seminary, founded by Zecharias Frankel, he became the successor of Abraham Geiger in the rabbinate of Breslau. He made important contributions to the history of the school of Aqiba as well as to the history of Jewish philosophy, his essays on Ibn Gabirol and Maimonides being of permanent worth. But his most influential work was connected with the relations between Jewish philosophy and the medieval scholasticism. He showed how Albertus Magnus derived some of his ideas from Maimonides and how Spinoza was indebted to the same writer, as well as to Hasdai Crescas. These essays were collected in two volumes of Beitr\u00e4ge zur Geschichte der Philosophie (1876), while another two volumes of Blicke in die Religionsgeschichte (1880-1883) threw much light on the development of religious thought in the early centuries of the Christian era. Equally renowned were Joel's pulpit addresses. Though he was no orator, his appeal to the reason was effective, and in their published form his three volumes of Predigten (issued posthumously) found many readers.\nJo\u00ebl died in 1890 in Breslau.", "Q12869": "Kris Peeters (Dutch: [\u02c8kr\u026as \u02c8pe\u02d0t\u0259rs]; born 18 May 1962) is a Belgian politician and member of the Christian Democratic and Flemish party. Peeters was Minister-President of Flanders from 2007 until 2014 and was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Employment in the Michel Government. In 2019 he was elected as a member of the European Parliament.", "Q89491": "Robert von Dassanowsky FRHistS, FRSA (born January 28, 1965, New York City) is an Austrian-American academic, writer, film and cultural historian, and producer. He is usually known as Robert Dassanowsky.\n\n", "Q6091": "Dame Jessica Ennis-Hill (born 28 January 1986) is a British former track and field athlete from England, specialising in multi-eventing disciplines and 100 metres hurdles. As a competitor in heptathlon, she is the 2012 Olympic champion, a three-time world champion (2009, 2011, 2015), and the 2010 European champion. She is also the 2010 world indoor pentathlon champion. A member of the City of Sheffield & Dearne athletic club, she is a former British national record holder for the heptathlon. She is a former British record holder in the 100 metres hurdles, the high jump and the indoor pentathlon.", "Q272113": "Amina Annabi (Arabic: \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u200e, Amina Al-Annabi) (born 5 March 1962, Carthage, Tunisia) is a French-Tunisian singer-songwriter and actress, most famous for finishing second in the tied 1991 Eurovision Song Contest, held in Rome. Amina finished second after a countback, scoring equal 146 points alongside Carola from Sweden.\n\n", "Q297821": "Lena Elisabeth Adelsohn Liljeroth (born 24 November 1955) is a Swedish politician who served as Minister for Culture and Sports from 2006 to 2014. A member of the Moderate Party, she was an MP of the Swedish Riksdag from 2002 to 2014.", "Q301857": "Henrik Havas (b. 25 June 1949 as Henrik Rokobauer) is a Hungarian journalist who served as spokesman of the Hungarian government from 1 November 1995 to 7 November 1995.\nHe worked as news editor of the Magyar R\u00e1di\u00f3 between 1979 and 1986 and as anchorman of the Kr\u00f3nika magazine from 1985. He left the radio in 1995. He received a T\u00e1ncsics Mih\u00e1ly Prize in 1999.\nHavas was the anchorman of the Nap TV's only program, Nap-kelte from 1989. He was also fired during the Media Crisis in 1994, but shortly after he was taken back. In the next year Gyula Horn appointed him state secretary in a charge of communicational affairs of the Prime Minister's Office (de facto government spokesman). However, soon it turned out that one of his inferiors, Endre Mih\u00e1lyi was involved in an embezzlement case. As a result, Havas had to resign together with his staff after just six days.\nHis employer since 1999 has been the RTL Klub. He was one of the seven performers of the Heti hetes talk show (Hungarian version of 7 Tage, 7 K\u00f6pfe).\nHe has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder.", "Q62356": "Babatunde Raji Fashola, SAN (Yoruba: Bab\u00e1t\u00fand\u00e9 R\u00e1j\u00ed F\u00e1sh\u1ecdl\u00e1; born 28 June, 1963) is a Nigerian lawyer and politician who is currently the Federal Minister of Works and Housing. He served two terms as Governor of Lagos State from May 29, 2007 to May 29, 2015. As a candidate of the Action Congress party, now known as the All Progressives Congress, Fashola succeeded Bola Ahmed Tinubu, on 14 April, 2007, and was sworn in on 29 May, 2007.\nFashola was re-elected on 26 April, 2011. On November 11th 2015, he was appointed by President Muhammadu Buhari to be the Minister of Power, Works and Housing; he was reappointed Minister of Works & Housing on the 21st of August 2019.", "Q2986673": "Janka Kupa\u0142a State University of Hrodna (Belarusian: \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0456 \u0434\u0437\u044f\u0440\u0436\u0430\u045e\u043d\u044b \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u044d\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0442\u044d\u0442 \u0456\u043c\u044f \u042f\u043d\u043a\u0456 \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b\u044b) \u0430 higher education institution, located in Hrodna. It is the largest regional higher education institution in the Republic of Belarus, university complex integrating all levels of education.\nAccording to the international Webometrics ranking (July 2011), YKSUG ranks second among Belarusian universities and 3103 among 12 000 world universities.It is the second (after BSU) education institution in the Republic of Belarus where the system of electronic student identification card was introduced.", "Q108175": "Thomas Wiegand (born 6 May 1970 in Wismar) is a German electrical engineer who substantially contributed to the creation of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and H.265/MPEG-H HEVC video coding standards. For H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, Wiegand was one of the chairmen of the Joint Video Team (JVT) standardization committee that created the standard and was the chief editor of the standard itself. He was also an active technical contributor to both standards. Wiegand also holds a chairmanship position in the ITU-T VCEG and previously in ISO/IEC MPEG standardization organizations. In July 2006, the video coding work of the ITU-T jointly led by Gary J. Sullivan and Wiegand for the preceding six years was voted as the most influential area of the standardization work of the CCITT and ITU-T in their 50-year history.\n\n", "Q168859": "Anton Ivanavich Lutskyevich (Belarusian: \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0406\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u041b\u0443\u0446\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0447, Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043d \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0443\u0446\u043a\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447, Polish: Antoni \u0141uckiewicz; 1884 \u2013 1942?) was a Belarusian publisher, journalist, literary critic, historian and politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Belarus in 1918.\nHe was born on 29 January 1884 in \u0160iauliai, in the Kovno Governorate (present-day Lithuania) to a Belarusian family. His brother Ivan Lutskyevich was also a politician. He began working in journalism, such as history, publishing and critics. He was raised as a Roman Catholic.\nAfter the Belarusian People's Republic was proclaimed on 25 March 1918, Lutskyevich was appointed prime minister. His predecessor was Raman Skirmunt and he was replaced by Vaclau Lastouski.\nThe Belarusian People's Republic was short-lived. In 1920, Lutskyevich settled in Vilnius, then in Poland, where he worked as a secondary school teacher and newspaper publisher. He remained active politically until 1933.He was arrested by the Soviet authorities in September 1939, and officially died in Kazakhstan in 1946. He is however said to have died near Saratov on 23 March 1942.", "Q11862851": "T-ara N4 was the first official sub-group of South Korean girl group T-ara formed by Core Contents Media, now also known MBK Entertainment, in 2013. The sub-group consists of three (formerly four) members: Eunjung, Hyomin and Jiyeon.", "Q274576": "Emily Barclay (born 24 October 1984) is an English-born, New Zealand AFI award winning actress.", "Q982354": "Olavo Br\u00e1s Martins dos Guimar\u00e3es Bilac (16 December 1865 \u2013 28 December 1918), often known as Olavo Bilac (Portuguese pronunciation: [o'lavu bi'lak(i)]), was a Brazilian Parnassian poet, journalist and translator. Alongside Alberto de Oliveira and Raimundo Correia, he was a member of the \"Parnassian Triad\". He was elected the \"Prince of Brazilian Poets\" in 1907 by the magazine Fon-Fon. He wrote the lyrics of the Brazilian Flag Anthem.\nHe founded and occupied the 15th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1897 until his death in 1918. He is also the patron of the military service in Brazil due to his campaigns in favor of conscription.", "Q117055": "Alexander von Senger (7 May 1880 in Geneva \u2013 30 June 1968 in Einsiedeln), Swiss architect and architectural theorist.\nHugues Rodolphe Alexandre von Senger was born in Geneva. After his humanistic and technical Matura at the Coll\u00e8ge Calvin, he studied at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technologie (Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule) in Z\u00fcrich, where he obtained 1904 his diploma as architect. He designed the main station of the Swiss Railwais in St. Gallen (1911\u201313) and the main building (Altbau) of the Swiss Reassurance Company (Swiss Re) in Z\u00fcrich (1911\u201314).\nIn 1931, Senger, along with other Nazi architects such as Eugen Honig, Konrad Nonn, German Bestelmeyer, and especially Paul Schultze-Naumburg were deputized in the National Socialist fight against modern architecture, in a para-governmental propaganda unit called the Kampfbund deutscher Architekten und Ingenieure (KDAI). Through the pages of the official Nazi newspaper, the People's Observer (V\u00f6lkischer Beobachter), these architects actively attacked the modern style in openly racist and political tones. They placed much of the blame on members of the architectural group \"The Ring,\" calling Walter Gropius an \"elegant salon-bolshevist\", and calling the Bauhaus \"the cathedral of Marxism\".\nThese political connections helped Senger into a professorship at the Technical Hochschule in Munich when increasing political pressure forced out architect Robert Vorhoelzer, who had made the cultural error of modernism in several Bavarian post offices.", "Q262314": "Christopher Anton Rea ( REE-\u0259; born 4 March 1951) is an English rock and blues singer-songwriter and guitarist. Born and raised in Middlesbrough, he is of Italian and Irish descent. He is known for his distinctive, husky-gravel voice and slide guitar playing, and the Guinness Rockopedia described him as a \"gravel-voiced guitar stalwart\".British Hit Singles & Albums stated that Rea was \"one of the most popular UK singer-songwriters of the late 1980s\" and \"already a major European star by the time he finally cracked the UK Top 10 with the release of the single 'The Road to Hell (Part 2)'\", which was his 18th chart entry. Two of his studio albums, The Road to Hell and Auberge, topped the UK Albums Chart. Rea was nominated three times for the Brit Award for Best British Male Artist: in 1988, 1989 and 1990. His other hit songs include \"I Can Hear Your Heartbeat\", \"Stainsby Girls\", \"Josephine\", \"On the Beach\", \"Let's Dance\", \"Driving Home for Christmas\", \"Working on It\", \"Tell Me There's a Heaven\", \"Auberge\", \"Looking for the Summer\", \"Winter Song\", \"Nothing to Fear\", \"Julia\", and \"If You Were Me\", a duet with Elton John.In the United States he is best known for the 1978 song \"Fool (If You Think It's Over)\", which reached No. 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and spent three weeks at No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary chart. This success earned him a Grammy nomination as Best New Artist in 1979. As of 2009, he had sold more than 30 million albums worldwide.", "Q193355": "Blues rock is a fusion genre combining elements of blues and rock. It is mostly an electric ensemble-style music with instrumentation similar to electric blues and rock: electric guitar, electric bass guitar, and drums, sometimes with keyboards and harmonica. From its beginnings in the early to mid-1960s, blues rock has gone through several stylistic shifts and along the way it inspired and influenced hard rock, Southern rock, and early heavy metal. Blues rock continues to be an influence in the 2010s, with performances and recordings by popular artists.\nBlues rock started with rock musicians in the UK and the US performing American blues songs. They typically recreated electric Chicago blues songs, such as those by Muddy Waters, Jimmy Reed, Howlin' Wolf, and Albert King, at faster tempos and with a more aggressive sound common to rock. In the UK, the style was popularized by groups like the Rolling Stones, the Yardbirds, and the Animals, who placed several blues songs into the pop charts. In the US, Lonnie Mack, the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, and Canned Heat were among the earliest exponents and later \"attempted to play long, involved improvisations which were commonplace on jazz records\". John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers and Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac also developed this more instrumental, but traditional-based style in the UK, while late 1960s and early 1970s groups, including Ten Years After, Savoy Brown, the Climax Blues Band and Foghat became more hard rock oriented. In the US, Johnny Winter, the Allman Brothers Band, and ZZ Top represented a hard rock trend.\nAlong with hard rock, blues rock songs became the core of the music played on album-oriented rock radio, and later the classic rock format birthed in the 1980s.Although around this time, the differences between blues rock and hard rock lessened, there was also a return to more traditional blues styles in the 1980s, when the Fabulous Thunderbirds and Stevie Ray Vaughan, recorded their best-known works and the 1990s saw guitarists Gary Moore, Jeff Healey, and Kenny Wayne Shepherd become popular concert attractions. Groups such as the Jon Spencer Blues Explosion and the White Stripes, brought an edgier, more diverse style into the 2000s, while the Black Keys returned to basics.", "Q54828": "Ivan Antonovich (real patronymic Antipovich) Yefremov (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447) \u0415\u0444\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432; April 22, 1908 \u2013 October 5, 1972; last name sometimes spelled Efremov) was a Soviet paleontologist, science fiction author and social thinker. He is the originator of the concept of taphonomy, the study of fossilization patterns.", "Q89485": "Anton Joseph Edler von Leeb (13 June 1769-6 December 1837) was an Austrian politician and a mayor of Vienna from 1835 to 1837.", "Q369533": "Pier Maria (P.M.) Pasinetti (24 June 1913, Venice, Italy \u2013 8 July 2006, Venice, Italy) was a novelist, professor and journalist.\nP. M. Pasinetti went to the U.S. in 1935 to study literature and writing. He spent some time at the Louisiana State University and developed a friendship with \"Southern Fellowship\" poet and writer Robert Penn Warren.\n\n", "Q3227220": "Le Si\u00e8cle is an elite bi-partisan social club in France that meets once a month for dinner at the French Automobile Club in Paris's Place de la Concorde. Membership in Le Si\u00e8cle \"symbolizes the French nomenklatura\" and includes France's top intellectuals, politicians, chief executives, journalists, and artists; since the 1970s, one-third to half of all French government ministers were members of Le Si\u00e8cle, regardless of political affiliation or party membership.", "Q1113022": "Colwyn Iestyn John Philipps, 3rd Viscount St Davids (30 January 1939 \u2013 26 April 2009) was a British businessman, Conservative politician and writer on music. Besides his viscountcy, he also held the older titles of Baron Strange of Knockin (1299), Baron Hungerford (1426), and Baron de Moleyns (1445), & the Baronetcy of Picton Castle (1621). He was also a co-heir to the barony of Grey de Ruthyn.", "Q3165915": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Th\u00e9odore (5 December 1946 \u2013 18 May 2015) was a French businessman, President, Chairman and CEO of Euronext N.V., deputy CEO and Head of Strategy of NYSE Euronext Inc. for Euronext N.V and chairman of its Managing Board.\n\n", "Q234152": "Rebecca Sara Newton Diamantopoulos (born July 4, 1978) is an American actress, known for her roles as Amanda Tanen on Ugly Betty and Quinn Garvey on How I Met Your Mother.", "Q379720": "Serhiy Leonidovych Tihipko or Sergiy Tigipko (Ukrainian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0439 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422i\u0433i\u043f\u043a\u043e Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043f\u043a\u043e) (born 13 February 1960) is a Ukrainian politician and finance specialist who has been Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine. Tihipko was Minister of Economics in 2000 and subsequently served as Chairman of the National Bank of Ukraine from 2002 to 2004. He ran unsuccessfully for President of Ukraine in the 2010 presidential election and participated in the 2014 presidential election, in which he placed fifth with 5.23 percent of the vote. Tihipko is also former Vice Prime Minister\u2013Minister of social policy.", "Q310796": "Damian Robert Nesta \"Jr. Gong\" Marley (born 21 July 1978) is a Jamaican deejay, rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer. Damian is the youngest son of reggae singer Bob Marley. Damian was 2 years old when his father died; he is the only child born to Marley and Cindy Breakspeare, Miss World 1976. Damian's nickname Junior Gong is derived from his father's nickname of Tuff Gong. Damian has been performing since the age of 13.", "Q1346919": "Epic Soundtracks was the stage name of the British musician Kevin Paul Godfrey (23 March 1959 \u2013 6 November 1997). Born in Croydon, Surrey, he was brought up in Solihull, Midlands with his brother Adrian Nicholas, who was known as Nikki Sudden (1956\u20132006).\nIn 1972, Kevin and Adrian formed the nucleus of what was to become the post-punk rock group Swell Maps, with \"Soundtracks\" on drums and piano, and \"Sudden\" on guitar and vocals.\nSoundtracks later played drums for Crime & the City Solution and These Immortal Souls. In 1991, Soundtracks decided to focus on his own songwriting career, and began the series of recordings that comprised his three solo records. As a vocalist and multi-instrumentalist he released three critically acclaimed solo albums, and two more were released posthumously.Notable fans of Soundtracks' solo work include Evan Dando and Thurston Moore. Dave Graney paid tribute to Soundtracks with the song \"A Boy Named Epic\" on The Royal Dave Graney Show's 2003 album The Brother Who Lived. Arthur Lee's backing band, Baby Lemonade, paid tribute as well, with a song off their 2001 High Life Suite LP called,\"Song for Epic\".Epic Soundtracks died in his sleep on 6 November 1997, at his flat in West Hampstead, London. His funeral took place in Leamington Spa Baptist Church on 1 December. The official cause of death was ruled as inconclusive.\n\n", "Q1677099": "Francois Henri \"Jack\" LaLanne (pronounced /l\u0259'le\u026an/ \"luh-layn\" French /lalan/ \"lah-lahn\"; September 26, 1914 \u2013 January 23, 2011) was an American fitness and nutrition guru and motivational speaker. He described himself as being a \"sugarholic\" and a \"junk food junkie\" until he was age 15. He also had behavioral problems, but \"turned his life around\" after listening to a public lecture about the benefits of good nutrition by health food pioneer Paul Bragg. During his career, he came to believe that the country's overall health depended on the health of its population, and referred to physical culture and nutrition as \"the salvation of America\".Decades before health and fitness began being promoted by celebrities like Jane Fonda and Richard Simmons, LaLanne was already widely recognized for publicly preaching the health benefits of regular exercise and a good diet. He published numerous books on fitness and hosted the fitness television program The Jack LaLanne Show from 1951 to 1985. As early as 1936, at age 21, he opened one of the nation's first fitness gyms in Oakland, California, which became a prototype for dozens of similar gyms bearing his name. One of his 1950s television exercise programs was aimed toward women, whom he also encouraged to join his health clubs. He invented a number of exercise machines, including the pulley and leg extension devices and the Smith machine. Besides producing his own series of videos, he coached the elderly and disabled not to forgo exercise, believing it would enable them to enhance their strength.LaLanne also gained recognition for his success as a bodybuilder, as well as for his prodigious feats of strength. Arnold Schwarzenegger once exclaimed \"That Jack LaLanne's an animal!\" after a 54-year-old LaLanne beat then 21-year-old Schwarzenegger badly in an informal contest. On the occasion of LaLanne's death, Schwarzenegger credited LaLanne for being \"an apostle for fitness\" by inspiring \"billions all over the world to live healthier lives\", and, as governor of California, had earlier placed him on his Governor's Council on Physical Fitness. Steve Reeves credited LaLanne as his inspiration to build his muscular physique while keeping a slim waist.\nLaLanne was inducted to the California Hall of Fame and has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q1127387": "The Conservatoire national sup\u00e9rieur d'art dramatique (CNSAD; English: National Academy of Dramatic Arts) is France's national drama academy in Paris and is associated with PSL Research University.\nIt is a higher education institution run by the French Ministry of Culture and, with an acceptance rate of two to three percent and an average graduating class of thirty students, is widely considered the most selective acting conservatory in France. It is consistently regarded as a top world-class performing arts institute, renowned for its excellence in theatre education. Its alumni include: Jeanne Moreau, Isabelle Huppert, Carole Bouquet, Sebastian Roch\u00e9, Jean-Paul Belmondo and Olivier Martinez.", "Q652020": "Garrett Robin Hamler (born March 30, 1979), better known professionally as Sean Garrett, is an American R&B singer, songwriter and record producer. Garrett is responsible for a series of chart-topping compositions, most notably Usher's \"Yeah!\" which ranks second on the Billboard Hot 100 Songs of the Decade for 2000\u20132009, and other songs written by him which include Ciara's breakout track \"Goodies\", Teairra Mar\u00ed's debut single \"Make Her Feel Good\", Mario's single \"Break Up\", Nicki Minaj's first single \"Massive Attack\", Pussycat Dolls's hit single \"Buttons\" and Britney Spears' \"Toy Soldier\".\nGarrett has produced eighteen number one singles in seven years of producing music, putting him in fifth place on the Billboard list of producers with the most number one hits. Garrett is the first producer to achieve this measure of success in under a decade since George Martin, who produced 20 number one hits for The Beatles in 6 1/2 years from 1964 to 1970. He is also the only active hip hop producer that is mentioned on the Billboard list of producers with the most number one hits.Garrett is in a production duo with Swizz Beatz, and together they produced several Beyonc\u00e9 singles: \"Ring the Alarm\", \"Get Me Bodied\", \"Upgrade U\", \"Check on It\", \"Diva\" and \"Video Phone\". He also writes often over productions by Polow da Don and has been nominated for four Grammy Awards.", "Q104997": "Wolfgang Caspar Printz (10 October 1641 \u2013 13 October 1717), normally referred to as Wolfgang Printz (with sometimes the variation of Kaspar), was a German composer who studied theology and was appointed cantor at Promnitz, Treibel and Sorau. His Historische Beschreibung der edlen Sing- und Klingkunst...von Anfang der Welt bis auf unserer Zeit (which in English means: Historical description of the noble art of singing and instrumental music ... from the beginning of the world until our time) was the first history of music written in Germany.", "Q664592": "John Waldo Green (October 10, 1908 \u2013 May 15, 1989) was an American songwriter, composer, musical arranger, conductor and pianist. He was given the nickname \"Beulah\" by colleague Conrad Salinger. His most famous song was one of his earliest, \"Body and Soul\" from the revue, Three's A Crowd. Green won four Academy Awards for his film scores and a fifth for producing a short musical film, and he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1972. He was also honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q68109": "Otto Flake (29 October 1880, Metz \u2013 10 November 1963) was a German writer.", "Q364017": "Robert Bridge Richardson, ASC (born August 27, 1955) is an American cinematographer. He has won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography three times, for his work on JFK, The Aviator, and Hugo. Richardson is and has been a frequent collaborator for several directors, including Oliver Stone, John Sayles, Errol Morris, Quentin Tarantino, and Martin Scorsese. He is one of three living persons who has won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography three times, the others being Vittorio Storaro and Emmanuel Lubezki.", "Q39420": "Sochi (Russian: \u0421\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0438, IPA: [\u02c8sot\u0255\u026a] (listen)) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Black Sea coast near the border between Georgia/Abkhazia and Russia. The Greater Sochi area, which includes territories and localities subordinated to Sochi proper, has a total area of 3,526 square kilometers (1,361 sq mi) and sprawls for 145 kilometers (90 mi) along the shores of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains. The area of the city proper is 176.77 square kilometers (68.25 sq mi). According to the 2010 Census, the city had a permanent population of 343,334, up from 328,809 recorded in the 2002 Census, making it Russia's largest resort city. Being part of the Caucasian Riviera, it is one of the very few places in Russia with a subtropical climate, with warm to hot summers and mild winters.\nWith the alpine and Nordic events held at the nearby ski resort of Rosa Khutor in Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi hosted the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games in 2014, as well as the Russian Formula 1 Grand Prix from 2014 until at least 2020. It was also one of the host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.", "Q2479548": "Bastiaan Johan Christiaan \"Bas Jan\" Ader (19 April 1942 \u2013 disappeared 1975) was a Dutch conceptual and performance artist, and photographer. His work was in many instances presented as photographs and film of his performances. He made performative installations, including Please Don't Leave Me (1969).\nAder was lost at sea in 1975, attempting to cross the Atlantic Ocean from the American coast to England sailing in a thirteen-foot sailboat. His deserted vessel was found off the coast of Ireland on 18 April 1976, offering few clues as to his fate.", "Q1379531": "Robert Ellsworth Pollard Jr. (born October 31, 1957) is an American musician and singer-songwriter who is the leader and creative force behind indie rock group Guided by Voices. In addition to his work with Guided by Voices, he continues to have a prolific solo career with 22 solo albums released so far.\nWith more than 2,000 songs registered to his name with BMI, Pollard is among the most prolific songwriters of his time. In 2006, Paste magazine listed him as the 78th greatest living songwriter. In 2007, he was nominated for the Shortlist Music Prize.", "Q2360530": "Vitaly Mikhaylovich Abalakov (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432) (13 January [O.S. 31 December] 1906 in Krasnoyarsk \u2013 26 May 1986 in Moscow) was a Soviet chemical engineer, mountaineer and inventor.\nBrother of Yevgeniy Abalakov, another famous alpinist, he made the first Soviet ascent of Lenin Peak in 1934 and two more ascents of this mountain. In 1936 he also made the ascent of Khan Tengri, where he lost several fingers and part of his foot.In 1938, he and others from his team were arrested by NKVD and were under investigation until 1940. He was accused of \"open public propaganda\" of western mountaineering techniques and \"diminishing\" domestic alpinists' achievements and being a \"German spy\".\nAbalakov is credited with such inventions as camming devices in the 1930s, Abalakov thread (or V-thread) gearless ice climbing anchor, and many other climbing equipment innovations.He was awarded Order of Lenin (1957), Order of the Badge of Honor (1972) and titles Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR (1943), Honoured Trainer of the USSR (1961).", "Q181751": "Angus Morrison, (January 20, 1822 \u2013 June 10, 1882) was a Canadian lawyer and political figure in Ontario. He represented Niagara in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1867 to 1874. He served as the 21st Mayor of Toronto from 1876 to 1878. He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada.\nHe was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1822 and came to Upper Canada with his father in 1830; they later moved to York (Toronto). Morrison joined the law office of his older brother, Joseph, as a clerk in 1839, was called to the bar in 1845 and opened his own practice in Toronto. He was elected to city council in 1853 and 1854. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada in the North riding of Simcoe in 1854; he was reelected in 1857 and 1861. He was elected in an 1864 by-election to represent Niagara. He was elected to represent Niagara in the federal parliament in 1867, serving until his defeat in the 1874 general election. During his time in office, Morrison helped promote the development of transportation links within the province. In 1873, he was named Queen's Counsel. During his time as mayor, he helped establish the Credit Valley Railway and negotiated an agreement with Ottawa to have the city take over the exhibition grounds. He died in Toronto in 1882.", "Q17905": "Martin Schulz (born 20 December 1955) is a German politician who served as Leader of the Social Democratic Party 2017 to 2018, and has served as a Member of the Bundestag (MdB) since 2017. Previously he was President of the European Parliament from 2012 to 2017, Leader of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats from 2004 to 2012 and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany from 1994 to 2017.In November 2016, Schulz announced he would not seek a third term as President of the European Parliament, but instead would stand in 2017 as the SPD candidate for the German Chancellorship. In January 2017, Sigmar Gabriel announced he would not stand for re-election as party leader and as the SPD candidate for the German Chancellorship, Gabriel recommended Schulz as his replacement.After the elections of 2017, which resulted in a postwar low for the SPD, Schulz declared the end of the Grand coalition under Angela Merkel and explicitly refused to serve in a Merkel government. On 7 February 2018, coalition talks concluded and Schulz announced he would succeed Sigmar Gabriel as Foreign minister and leave his party chairmanship to Andrea Nahles. After heavy public and internal criticism, Schulz decided not to enter the new cabinet. On 13 February 2018 Schulz stepped down as party chair.", "Q190884": "Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0301\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d, IPA: [\u02c8v\u02b2ikt\u0259r s\u02b2t\u02b2\u026a\u02c8pan\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 t\u0255\u026arn\u0250\u02c8m\u0268rd\u02b2\u026an]; 9 April 1938 \u2013 3 November 2010) was a Russian politician. He was the first chairman of the Gazprom energy company and the second-longest-serving Prime Minister of Russia (1992\u20131998) based on consecutive years. He was a key figure in Russian politics in the 1990s, and a participant in the transition from a planned to a market economy. From 2001 to 2009, he was Russia's ambassador to Ukraine. After that he was designated as a presidential adviser.Chernomyrdin was known in Russia and Russian-speaking countries for his language style, which contained numerous malapropisms and syntactic errors. Many of his sayings became aphorisms and idioms in the Russian language, one example being his expression \"We wanted the best, but it turned out like always.\" (Russian: \u0425\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430).Chernomyrdin died on 3 November 2010 after a long illness. He was buried beside his wife in Novodevichy Cemetery on 5 November, and his funeral was broadcast live on Russian federal TV channels.", "Q810144": "Basilio Vadillo (14 July 1885, Zapotl\u00e1n, Jalisco, Mexico \u2013 25 July 1935, Montevideo, Uruguay) was an educator and politician who served briefly as Governor of the Mexican State of Jalisco (1921\u201322).He was born in Zapotl\u00e1n, Jal. (since renamed Zapotitl\u00e1n de Vadillo), and as a young boy moved to Colima. He worked as a teacher in Colima and served as the director of the Ram\u00f3n R. de la Vega school. After Victoriano Huerta's 1913 coup (the overthrowing Madero's government), Vadillo joined a group of students from Colima to fight at Mazatl\u00e1n on the side of the revolutionaries trying to end Huerta's dictatorship.\nIn 1917 he founded the MixedNormal School of Colima to provide a way for the youth of Colima an easier access to teaching careers.After the success of the revolution, Vadillo served as editor of a number of revolutionary periodicals, eventually serving as \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n's publicist, editing the Obregonist publication The Republican Monitor. He served as governor of Jalisco from 1921-1922, and served as a National Congressional Deputy and as president of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario (the forerunner of the modern PRI).\nDuring his tenure as Governor of Jalisco, Vadillo signed the communal land grant for the City of Puerto Vallarta. The city later honored him by naming a street in the Olas Altas area after him. Ca. Basilio Vadillo is known for its numerous restaurants.Basilio Vadillo is interred in Guadalajara at the Rotunda de los Hombres Ilustres.", "Q113233": "Audrey Niffenegger (born June 13, 1963) is an American writer, artist and academic. She is a published author and her debut novel, The Time Traveler's Wife, published in 2003, was a bestseller.", "Q1553197": "Sergei Nikiforovich Vasilenko (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, Sergej Nikiforovi\u010d Vasilenko; 30 March 1872 [O.S. 18 March] \u2013 11 March 1956) was a Russian and Soviet composer and music teacher whose compositions showed a strong tendency towards mysticism.\nVasilenko was born in Moscow and originally studied Law at Moscow University, but then changed direction and studied at the Moscow Conservatory from 1896 to 1901 as a pupil of Sergei Taneyev and Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov. From 1903 to 1904 he was the conductor of a private opera house in Moscow. For several years he was the organiser and conductor of the Historic Concerts of the Russian Musical Society. He then became a Professor at the Moscow Conservatory, where his students included Aram Khachaturian, Nikolai Roslavets, Nikolai Rakov and Aarre Merikanto. See: List of music students by teacher: T to Z#Sergei Vasilenko.\nVasilenko was awarded the Order of the Red Banner as well as the title \"Merited Worker of Arts\". In 1947, he was awarded the Stalin Prize. He died in Moscow in 1956.", "Q4777653": "Antonio Britto Filho (born July 1, 1952 in Santana do Livramento) is a Brazilian journalist and executive, who held the positions of Congressman, Social Security Minister, and Governor of the state of Rio Grande do Sul.", "Q719545": "Horacio Castellanos Moya (born 1957) is a Salvadoran novelist, short story writer, and journalist.", "Q2533333": "Blackground Records was an American record label found and owned by Jomo and Barry Hankerson. Initially named Blackground Enterprises, the label switched its name to Blackground Entertainment and later Blackground Records in 2000. It co-operated with a publishing company founded by Hankerson, named Black Fountain Music.", "Q70020": "Sobrio is a former municipality in the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 10 April 2016 it merged into the municipality of Faido.", "Q740430": "Isis (sometimes stylized ISIS) was an American post-metal band formed in Boston, Massachusetts in 1997. The band borrowed from and helped to evolve the post-metal sound pioneered by bands such as Neurosis and Godflesh, characterized by lengthy songs focusing on repetition and evolution of structure. Isis's last studio album, Wavering Radiant, was released on May 5, 2009. Isis disbanded in June 2010, just before the release of a split EP with the Melvins. In 2018, the group reformed as 'Celestial' for a one-off show to pay tribute to Caleb Scofield.", "Q315188": "Sergey Timofeyevich Aksakov (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0422\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432) (October 1 [O.S. September 20] 1791\u2014May 12 [O.S. April 30] 1859) was a 19th-century Russian literary figure remembered for his semi-autobiographical tales of family life, as well as his books on hunting and fishing.", "Q322724": "Richard John Egan (February 28, 1936 \u2013 August 28, 2009) was an American business executive, political fundraiser, and United States Ambassador to Ireland (2001\u20132003).", "Q276407": "The Phantom of the Opera is a 2004 British\u2013American musical drama film based on Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical of the same name, which in turn is based on the French novel Le Fant\u00f4me de l'Op\u00e9ra by Gaston Leroux. Produced and co-written by Lloyd Webber and directed by Joel Schumacher, it stars Gerard Butler in the title role, Emmy Rossum, Patrick Wilson, Miranda Richardson, Minnie Driver, and Jennifer Ellison.\nThe film was announced in 1989 but production did not start until 2002 due to Lloyd Webber's divorce and Schumacher's busy career. It was shot entirely at Pinewood Studios, with scenery created with miniatures and computer graphics. Rossum, Wilson and Driver had singing experience, but Butler had none and was provided with music lessons prior to filming. The Phantom of the Opera grossed $154.6 million worldwide and received mixed to negative reviews from critics, but was very well received by audiences. Critics praised the visuals and acting, particularly Rossum's performance, but criticized the writing and directing.", "Q27178": "Hamlet is a 1948 British film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play of the same name, adapted and directed by and starring Laurence Olivier. Hamlet was Olivier's second film as director and the second of the three Shakespeare films that he directed (the 1936 As You Like It had starred Olivier, but had been directed by Paul Czinner). Hamlet was the first British film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. It is the first sound film of the play in English. Khoon Ka Khoon, a 1935 sound film adaptation, had been made in India and filmed in the Urdu language.Olivier's Hamlet is the Shakespeare film that has received the most prestigious accolades, winning the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Actor and the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival. However, it proved controversial among Shakespearean purists, who felt that Olivier had made too many alterations and excisions to the four-hour play by cutting nearly two hours' worth of content. Milton Shulman wrote in The Evening Standard: \"To some it will be one of the greatest films ever made, to others a deep disappointment. Laurence Olivier leaves no doubt that he is one of our greatest living actors... is liberties with the text, however, are sure to disturb many.\"", "Q47854": "Pratibha Devisingh Patil (born 19 December 1934) is an Indian politician who served as the 12th President of India from 2007 to 2012. A member of the Indian National Congress, Patil is the only woman to hold the office. She previously served as the Governor of Rajasthan from 2004 to 2007. She has been felicitated with Mexico's highest civilian award Order of the Aztec Eagle in 2019.", "Q840015": "The Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Pol\u00edticas (RACMP, English: Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences) is a forum for the sharing of social, economic, philosophical, political and juridical knowledge. It was created on 30 September 1857, by Royal Decree, during the reign of Isabella II.\nThe Academy provides a place for debate on ideas and major questions facing our society; serving as a center for the diffusion of knowledge and an investigative laboratory. Its work is based on the cumulative knowledge of its Academicians; significant personalities from the fields of politics, economics and social sciences of the last century and a half.\nThe objective was to establish a counterpart to the Real Academia de la Historia. In pursuit of that goal, its first members included progressive thinkers such as Salustiano Ol\u00f3zaga in addition to more moderate figures, which included Juan Bravo Murillo and Modesto Lafuente.\nThe Directorate of the Academy is composed of a President and five other members who serve in executive functions and ensure compliance with statutes and regulations. The Academy itself is divided into four sections: Ciencias Filos\u00f3ficas, Ciencias Pol\u00edticas y jur\u00eddicas, Ciencias Sociales and Ciencias Econ\u00f3micas. \nThe headquarters of the Academy are located in the Casa y Torre de los Lujanes, the oldest public building in Madrid, where weekly plenary sessions are held for debates. Lectures, presentations and assorted events are also provided for the public. The library, which contains over 140,000 volumes, is open to researchers from around the world.\nAmong those who have been members of the Academy are politicians and jurists such as Francisco Mart\u00ednez de la Rosa, Antonio Alcal\u00e1 Galiano, Antonio C\u00e1novas del Castillo, Juli\u00e1n Besteiro and Faustino Rodr\u00edguez-San Pedro. Notable members who were specialists in various fields of the social sciences include Antonio Cavanilles, Marcelino Men\u00e9ndez y Pelayo, Joaqu\u00edn Ruiz-Gim\u00e9nez and Salvador de Madariaga.\nSince 2015, the President has been the economist, Juan Velarde Fuertes.", "Q717568": "Dean DeLeo (born August 23, 1961 in Glen Ridge, New Jersey) is an American guitarist and songwriter known for his work with rock band Stone Temple Pilots. DeLeo is also known for his role in the short-lived bands Talk Show and Army of Anyone. He is the older brother of Robert DeLeo, who plays bass for Stone Temple Pilots.\nDeLeo's playing has received strong critical acclaim over the years. Stone Temple Pilots' second album, Purple, released in 1994, was ranked at #73 on Guitar World's 100 Greatest Guitar Albums of All-time list.", "Q286086": "\u00c9mile Constant Levassor (21 January 1843 \u2013 14 April 1897) was a French engineer and a pioneer of the automobile industry and car racing in France.\n\n", "Q667925": "Jean-Loup Dabadie (born 27 September 1938) is a French journalist, writer, lyricist, award-winning screenwriter and member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.", "Q543195": "Johan Henrik Kellgren (1 December 1751 \u2013 20 April 1795) was a Swedish poet and critic.", "Q72637": "Josef Ertl (7 March 1925 \u2013 16 November 2000) was a German politician who served as the minister of agriculture in different cabinets of Germany and was a member of the Free Democratic Party (FDP).", "Q3373665": "Xu Rongmao, JP (simplified Chinese: \u8bb8\u8363\u8302; traditional Chinese: \u8a31\u69ae\u8302; born 1950), or Hui Wing Mau in Cantonese, is a Chinese-Australian entrepreneur and billionaire, and the founder and the chairman of Shimao Property. Xu is the 8th richest man in mainland China, according to the Hurun Report China Rich List, with a net worth of 7 billion. Xu is estimated to be one of the largest property developers in Shanghai.\n\n", "Q185251": "Franz Spina (5 October 1868 in Markt T\u00fcrnau, Austria-Hungary \u2013 17 September 1938 in Prague, Czechoslovakia) was German-Czechoslovakian right-wing and activist politician of the First Republic Era. Franz Spina was chairman of Bund der Landwirte, or Union of Farmers and Rural Enterprises, right-wing party of German-speaking countryside of Czechoslovakia. His party was the first to actively cooperate with Czechoslovak government and entered the Cabinet of Lord's Coalition (Prime Minister Anton\u00edn \u0160vehla) together with Czechoslovak agrarians, clericals, entrepreneurs and national democrats. Franz Spina became the very first ethnic German government minister in Czechoslovakia. Since the establishment of Sudeten German Party, popularity of Union of Farmers had been declining. However, Spina believed in successful Czechoslovak-German cooperation until his death in 1938, fortnight before the Munich Agreement.", "Q281931": "Kim Nam-gil (Korean: \uae40\ub0a8\uae38; born March 13, 1981) is a South Korean actor, producer, singer and philanthropist. He is best known from leading roles in disaster blockbuster Pandora (2016); crime thriller The Shameless (2015); adventure film The Pirates (2014); period drama Portrait of a Beauty (2008) and the crime-comedy television drama The Fiery Priest (2019). His breakthrough role was Bidam in the hit television period drama Queen Seondeok (2009). \nKim is also the founder and CEO of a non-profit organization Gilstory that focuses on preserving cultural heritage, promoting arts and raising special purpose relief funds.", "Q202386": "Abb\u00e9 Dominique G. F. de Rion de Prolhiac Dufour or de Fourt de Pradt (23 April 1759 in Allanches (Auvergne, France \u2013 18 March 1837 in Paris) was a French clergyman and ambassador.\nIn 1804 he became a secretary of Napoleon, in 1805 Bishop of Poitiers. On 12 May 1808 he was appointed as archbishop of Mechelen (resigned in 1815). In 1812 he was awarded the position of the French ambassador in Warsaw, preparing the Concordat of 1813. After the Napoleonic wars he published a series of books which portrayed Russia as a \"despotic\" and \"Asiatic\" power hungry to conquer Europe.", "Q949025": "Pavlo Platonovych Chubynsky (Ukrainian: \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439; 1839 \u2013 January 26, 1884) was a Ukrainian poet and ethnographer whose poem Shche ne vmerla Ukraina (Ukraine Has Not Yet Perished) was set to music and adapted as the Ukrainian national anthem.\nChubynsky was born in the Chubynsky's estate that was located just outside village Hora, Pereyaslav county, Poltava Governorate. Today the place is known as a separate village Chubynske, Boryspil Raion that is located midway between Kyiv and Boryspil International Airport in the Kyiv Oblast.\nIn 1863 the Ukrainian nationalist journal based in Lviv, Meta (The Goal), published the poem but mistakenly ascribed it to Taras Shevchenko. In the same year it was set to music by the Galician composer Michael Verbytsky (1815\u20131870), first for solo and later choral performance. \nThis song was disseminated throughout Ukraine as a rallying point for nationalist sentiments, leading Pavlo Chubynsky to be seen as \"negatively influencing peasants' minds\" by the Russian Imperial government. They sought to neutralize his influence with assignments that isolated him, first to Archangelsk province. When his work in that region was recognized internationally by his peers, Chubynsky was sent to Saint Petersburg to work in the Transport Ministry as a low-level official. He became paralyzed in 1880 and died four years later.In 1917 the song with his lyrics was officially adopted as the anthem of the Ukrainian state. In 2003, the president of Ukraine modernized the anthem's lyrics.", "Q360517": "John Daniel Hertz, Sr. (April 10, 1879 \u2013 October 8, 1961) was an American businessman, thoroughbred racehorse owner and breeder, and philanthropist.", "Q326542": "John Robert Parker Ravenscroft, (30 August 1939 \u2013 25 October 2004), known professionally as John Peel, was an English disc jockey, radio presenter, record producer and journalist. He was the longest serving of the original BBC Radio 1 DJs, broadcasting regularly from 1967 until his death in 2004.\nHe was one of the first broadcasters to play psychedelic rock and progressive rock records on British radio, and he is widely acknowledged for promoting artists working in a multitude of genres including pop, dub reggae, punk rock and post-punk, electronic music and dance music, indie rock, extreme metal, and British hip hop. Fellow DJ Paul Gambaccini described Peel as \"the most important man in music for about a dozen years\".\nPeel's Radio 1 shows were notable for the regular \"Peel sessions\", which usually consisted of four songs recorded by an artist live in the BBC's studios, and which often provided the first major national coverage to bands that would later achieve great fame. Another popular feature of his shows was the annual Festive Fifty countdown of his listeners' favourite records of the year.Peel appeared occasionally on British television as one of the presenters of Top of the Pops in the 1980s, and he provided voice-over commentary for a number of BBC programmes. He became popular with the audience of BBC Radio 4 for his Home Truths programme, which ran from the 1990s, featuring unusual stories from listeners' domestic lives.\n\n", "Q188985": "Ram\u00f3n Antonio Castillo Barrionuevo (November 20, 1873 \u2013 October 12, 1944) was a conservative Argentine politician who served as President of Argentina from June 27, 1942 to June 4, 1943. He was a leading figure in the period known as the Infamous Decade, characterised by electoral fraud, corruption, and rule by conservative landowners heading the alliance known as the Concordancia.\nCastillo graduated in law from the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) and began a judicial career. He reached the Appeals Chamber of commercial law before retiring and dedicating himself to teaching. He was professor and dean at UBA between 1923 and 1928.\nCastillo was named Federal Intervenor of Tucum\u00e1n Province in 1930. From 1932 until 1935 he was elected to the Argentine Senate for Catamarca Province for the National Democratic Party and was also Minister of Interior.\nFrom 1938 to 1942, Castillo was vice-president of Argentina under President Roberto Ortiz, who won the election by fraud at the head of the Concordancia. He served as acting president from July 3, 1940 to June 27, 1942 due to the illness of President Ortiz, who did not resign until less than a month before his death. Castillo maintained Argentina's neutrality during World War II. He was overthrown in the Revolution of '43 military coup in the midst of an unpopular attempt to impose Robustiano Patr\u00f3n Costas as his successor. Juan Domingo Per\u00f3n was a junior officer in the coup.", "Q78454": "William I, Prince of Orange (24 April 1533 \u2013 10 July 1584), also known as William the Silent or William the Taciturn (translated from Dutch: Willem de Zwijger), or more commonly known as William of Orange (Dutch: Willem van Oranje), was the main leader of the Dutch Revolt against the Spanish Habsburgs that set off the Eighty Years' War (1568\u20131648) and resulted in the formal independence of the United Provinces in 1581. He was born into the House of Nassau as Count of Nassau-Dillenburg. He became Prince of Orange in 1544 and is thereby the founder of the Orange-Nassau branch and the ancestor of the monarchy of the Netherlands. In the Netherlands, he is also known as Father of the Fatherland (Dutch: Vader des Vaderlands).\nA wealthy nobleman, William originally served the Habsburgs as a member of the court of Margaret of Parma, governor of the Spanish Netherlands. Unhappy with the centralisation of political power away from the local estates and with the Spanish persecution of Dutch Protestants, William joined the Dutch uprising and turned against his former masters. The most influential and politically capable of the rebels, he led the Dutch to several successes in the fight against the Spanish. Declared an outlaw by the Spanish king in 1580, he was assassinated by Balthasar G\u00e9rard (also written as \"Gerardts\") in Delft in 1584.", "Q4209634": "Divya Narendra (; born March 18, 1982) is an American businessman. He is the CEO and co-founder of SumZero along with Harvard classmate Aalap Mahadevia. He also co-founded HarvardConnection (later renamed ConnectU) with Harvard University classmates Cameron Winklevoss and Tyler Winklevoss.", "Q1695752": "Stephen O'Malley (sometimes referred to as SOMA) is a guitarist, producer, composer, and visual artist from Seattle, Washington, who has conceptualized and participated in numerous drone doom, death/doom, and experimental music groups, most notably Sunn O))).", "Q267522": "Renee Olstead (born June 18, 1989) is an American actress and singer. Active since childhood as an actress, she is best known for her roles on the CBS sitcom Still Standing and on the drama The Secret Life of the American Teenager as Madison Cooperstein. In addition, she has recorded four studio albums, primarily of jazz music.", "Q67574": "Eschert is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).", "Q70008": "Burg im Leimental is a municipality in the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q186770": "David Geoffrey Nigel Filkin, Baron Filkin, (born 1 July 1944) is a British Labour politician.\n\n", "Q93393": "Robert Augustine Thompson (February 14, 1805 \u2013 August 31, 1876) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia, father of Thomas Larkin Thompson.", "Q69559": "Gottfried Ludolf Camphausen (10 January 1803 in Geilenkirchen \u2013 3 December 1890 in Cologne) was a Prime Minister of Prussia.", "Q71316": "Jacob Bidermann (1578 \u2013 August 20, 1639) was born in the Austrian (at that time) village of Ehingen, about 30 miles southwest of Ulm. He was a Jesuit priest and professor of theology, but is remembered mostly for his plays.He had a talent for writing plays that began comically, with loud talk and clowning around, and then turning the tables on his characters, and switching to totally tragic circumstances. At the age of 22 he wrote his first play Cenodoxus, in Latin, a dramatization of the popular Legend of the Doctor of Paris, (the Faust theme). In the play, considered his most notable, a man dies and interrupts his own last rites to announce his own damnation. The play was performed in Augsburg on two consecutive days in July 1602.\nAnother of Bidermann's notable plays is Philemon Martyr, dealing with the persecution of Christians in early Rome. In this play, a musician named Philemon agrees to substitute himself for a Christian friend, take his name, and pretend to render sacrifice to some pagan idols for him, thereby allowing him to avoid \u2013 however technically \u2013 the Ten Commandments prohibition of doing honor to idols. However, on approaching the altar, Philemon suddenly surprises everyone by saying that he was so adamant in his faith that he would rather die than do homage to an idol.\nBidermann also wrote a novel Utopia about a hundred years after Thomas More wrote a story by the same name. His theological works include:Theses Theologicae (1620); Sponsalia (1621); and Poenitentiae Sacramentum (1621).", "Q153159": "Elias L\u00f6nnrot (Finnish: [\u02c8e.li.\u0251s \u02c8l\u00f8n.ru\u02d0t] (listen); 9 April 1802 \u2013 19 March 1884) was a Finnish physician, philologist and collector of traditional Finnish oral poetry. He is best known for creating the Finnish national epic, Kalevala, \n(1835, enlarged 1849), from short ballads and lyric poems gathered from the Finnish oral tradition during several expeditions in Finland, Russian Karelia, the Kola Peninsula and Baltic countries.", "Q2384852": "Philippe d\u2019Iribarne (born 7 March 1937, Casablanca, French Morocco) is a French author and director of research at CNRS. He works within a research centre called LISE (Laboratoire interdisciplinaire en sociologie \u00e9conomique or \"interdisciplinary laboratorium on economic sociology\").\nHe graduated from \u00c9cole polytechnique of France and from Institut d'\u00e9tudes politiques de Paris.\nd'Iribarne is one of the most notable critics of the limitations of the works of Geert Hofstede, expressing concern that \"a theory of culture that considers culture to be \u2018shared meaning\u2019 does not allow for representation of the forms of unity and continuity.\" Part of d'Iribarne's objections have been with the weaknesses of Hofstede's terminology in general and category names specifically (e.g., power distance as a culture as whole versus a culture's acceptance of hierarchy only within organizational settings). More pointedly, d'Iribarne questions the generalized conclusions that Hofstede draws from the data, imposing Hofstede's own value system on what the data show. For instance, d'Iribarne questioned Hofstede's conclusions from the uncertainty avoidance statistics, arguing that Hofstede superimposes his own view that data. For d'Iribarne, Hostede simply presumes that showing high stress at work correlates with weak uncertainty avoidance, while d'Iribarne asserts that the presence of high stress could just as readily indicate high stress results from high uncertainty avoidance, since no external control exists in low uncertainty avoidance cultures. Finally, d'Iribarne questions Hofstede's implicit assumption of uniformity in complex organizations, let alone entire national cultures. Such assumptions of uniformity are useful, d'Iribarne writes only \"if one thinks of a culture specific to a close-knit community.\" Instead, though, d'Iribarne notes that in most situations, \"society is split into more or less antagonistic groups\" and in any case, \"meaning is not only received but produced\"; in short, Hofstede does not allow for the fact that people do not remain static in how they interact with one another. Philippe d'Iribarne fills out the bare bones of Hofstede's simplified structure, a point with which Hofstede himself acknowledged when he wrote that,\"The two approaches are complementary -- mine is more quantitative, d'iribarne's more qualitative. I provided a skeleton for the countries he studied, and he provided the flesh. The skeleton I proposed is a worldwide structure in cultural differences among cultures.\" Iribarne's interest is on the influence of national cultures on the way organisations function. He and his team within the LISE have so far surveyed organisations in 40-odd countries in Europe, Africa, America and Asia. Jorion has also published in the Revue de Mauss, a French anti-utilitarian journal.", "Q76479": "A Fistful of Dollars (Italian: Per un pugno di dollari, lit. 'For a Fistful of Dollars' titled on-screen as Fistful of Dollars) is a 1964 Spaghetti Western film directed by Sergio Leone and starring Clint Eastwood in his first leading role, alongside Gian Maria Volont\u00e9, Marianne Koch, Wolfgang Lukschy, Sieghardt Rupp, Jos\u00e9 Calvo, Antonio Prieto, and Joseph Egger. The film, an international co-production between Italy, West Germany, and Spain, was filmed on a low budget (reported to be $200,000), and Eastwood was paid $15,000 for his role.Released in Italy in 1964 and then in the United States in 1967, it initiated the popularity of the Spaghetti Western genre. It was followed by For a Few Dollars More and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, also starring Eastwood. Collectively, the films are known as the \"Dollars Trilogy\", or the \"Man with No Name Trilogy\". All three films were later released in sequence in the United States in 1967, catapulting Eastwood into stardom. The film has been identified as an unofficial remake of the Akira Kurosawa film Yojimbo (1961), which resulted in a successful lawsuit by Toho, Yojimbo's production company. In the United States, the United Artists publicity campaign referred to Eastwood's character in all three films as the \"Man with No Name\".\nAs few Spaghetti Westerns had yet been released in the United States, many of the European cast and crew took on American-sounding stage names. These included Leone himself (\"Bob Robertson\"), Gian Maria Volont\u00e9 (\"Johnny Wels\"), and composer Ennio Morricone (\"Dan Savio\"). A Fistful of Dollars was shot in Spain, mostly near Hoyo de Manzanares close to Madrid, but also (like its two sequels) in the Tabernas Desert and in the Cabo de Gata-N\u00edjar Natural Park, both in the province of Almer\u00eda.", "Q90842": "Peter Gauweiler (born 22 June 1949) is a German politician, and a member of Bavaria's Christian Social Union (CSU) formerly in the German Bundestag, where he represented Munich South and served as deputy leader of the CSU. He resigned his parliamentary seat and leadership post in 2015 at age 65. Gauweiler is considered a Euro-sceptic and made a name with partly successful constitutional complaints against the euro bailout fund and the Lisbon Treaty.\n\n", "Q327674": "Arvo \u201cPoika\u201d Tuominen (5 September 1894 \u2013 27 May 1981) was a Finnish communist revolutionary and later a social democratic journalist, politician and author. Tuominen was given his nickname Poika in 1920 because of his boyish looks\u2014poika means \"boy\" in Finnish.\nTuominen was born in 1894 in Kuotila (part of H\u00e4meenkyr\u00f6) to the family of a rural carpenter. In 1912 he moved to Tampere to become a carpenter's apprentice and soon joined the Social Democratic Party of Finland. During the Finnish Civil War in early 1918, Tuominen sided with the Finnish Red Guards and edited Kansan lehti, a radical social democratic newspaper in Tampere. He was shortly arrested when the White Guards took the city in April, but he was soon released. After the Red Guards were defeated in May 1918 several Finnish radical social democratic leaders fled to Russia, where they split from the mainstream of Finnish Social Democratic Party and founded the Communist Party of Finland in Petrograd in August\u2013September 1918.\nTuominen became a supporter of Otto Wille Kuusinen's faction within the party. In 1921 he traveled to Petrograd, where Kuusinen's adherents, supported by the Comintern leadership, successfully challenged Kullervo Manner's supporters at the next party congress. Tuominen was elected to the party's Central Committee and was put in charge of its Finnish bureau. He returned to Finland, where he was arrested on January 26, 1922 and subsequently imprisoned for publishing a proclamation urging Finnish workers to fight on the Soviet side during the Soviet-Finnish conflict over Karelia. He was released from the Tammisaari prison camp in the spring of 1926 and was elected secretary of the Finnish Federation of Trade Unions. He was again arrested in April 1928 for maintaining contacts with the Soviet Union and the banned Communist Party.\nIn late 1932 Tuominen was paroled and received a letter from Kuusinen, who was then one of the Comintern's secretaries, urging him to move to the Soviet Union. Tuominen secretly went to Sweden and then, in April 1933, to the Soviet Union, where he moved into Kuusinen's apartment. He was given a crash course at the International Lenin School and was appointed General Secretary of the Finnish Communist Party, also becoming a member of the Comintern Executive Committee Presidium.\nTuominen witnessed the Great Purge firsthand until he was able to leave Moscow for Stockholm in early 1938. On November 13, 1939, he was ordered to return to Moscow. Tuominen later claimed that he was being recalled in order to become the head of the Communist government of the Finnish Democratic Republic which Stalin planned to install in Finland. However, according to Tuominen, he refused to obey the order, broke with the Soviet Union and ordered the Communist Party of Finland not to assist the Red Army during the Winter War and to fight on the Finnish side instead. Research by Finnish historian Kimmo Rentola has exposed a somewhat different story. When the Winter War started, Tuominen was initially enthusiastic of the war in expectation of a quick Soviet victory. But as the Soviet advance halted and international opinion rallied to Finland's support, Tuominen's doubts started. He began to avoid contacting Moscow, and sent feelers to Finnish Social Democrats. It wasn't until after the end of the Winter War that Tuominen took the step of severing his ties with the Soviet Union and started writing anti-communist pamphlets which were given widespread publicity in Finland. Tuominen had gone underground in Sweden, and it took some time for Moscow to find out what had happened. Within the Finnish communist movement, Tuominen became later known as the ultimate traitor.\nTuominen remained in Sweden until 1956, when he returned to Finland and published three volumes of bestselling memoirs in 1956\u20131958. Especially the second volume, Kremlin kellot (\"The Bells of Kremlin\") had a great impact in Finland, being a critical description and an inside view of the Soviet Union under Stalin, written by a former leading Finnish communist who had met both Lenin and Stalin. Tuominen joined the Social Democratic Party, edited its newspaper Kansan Lehti in Tampere for five years and became a member of parliament for one term (1958\u20131962). He published four more books between years 1970 and 1976, continuing on with the anti-communist theme.\nTuominen died in Tampere in 1981. He was the last surviving former member of the Comintern Presidium.", "Q555907": "Ludwig August Ritter von Frankl-Hochwart (February 3, 1810, in Chrast, Bohemia \u2013 March 12, 1894, in Vienna) was a Jewish Bohemian-Austrian writer and poet. He was a friend of Nikolaus Lenau. Also, he corresponded with Petar II Petrovic Njegos of Montenegro before he died in 1851. Frankl's Gusle, Serbische Nationallieder was dedicated to Vuk Karad\u017ei\u0107's daughter in 1852. His object was to present some of the songs in Vuk which had not yet been translated, and he took the greatest pains to reproduce in German the metrical effect of the Serbian original.His son is Lothar von Frankl-Hochwart.", "Q1010517": "The Bureau des Longitudes (French pronunciation: \u200b[by\u0281o de l\u0254\u0303\u0292ityd]) is a French scientific institution, founded by decree of 25 June 1795 and charged with the improvement of nautical navigation, standardisation of time-keeping, geodesy and astronomical observation. During the 19th century, it was responsible for synchronizing clocks across the world. It was headed during this time by Fran\u00e7ois Arago and Henri Poincar\u00e9. The Bureau now functions as an academy and still meets monthly to discuss topics related to astronomy.\nThe Bureau was founded by the National Convention after it heard a report drawn up jointly by the Committee of Navy, the Committee of Finances and the Committee of State education. Henri Gr\u00e9goire had brought to the attention of the National Convention France's failing maritime power and the naval mastery of England, proposing that improvements in navigation would lay the foundations for a renaissance in naval strength. As a result, the Bureau was established with authority over the Paris Observatory and all other astronomical establishments throughout France. The Bureau was charged with taking control of the seas away from the English and improving accuracy when tracking the longitudes of ships through astronomical observations and reliable clocks.\nThe ten original members of its founding board were:\n\nGeometers:\nJoseph-Louis Lagrange;\nPierre-Simon Laplace;\nAstronomers:\nJoseph J\u00e9r\u00f4me Lefran\u00e7ais de Lalande;\nPierre M\u00e9chain;\nJean Baptiste Joseph Delambre;\nDominique, comte de Cassini;\nJean-Charles de Borda, who carried out work related to the mechanics of fluids and precursor of Carnot because of his insights on thermodynamics;\nJean-Nicolas Buache, geographer;\nLouis Antoine de Bougainville, celebrated navigator; and\nNo\u00ebl Simon Caroch\u00e9, manufacturer of telescopes.By a decree of 30 January 1854, the Bureau's mission was extended to embrace geodesy, time standardisation and astronomical measurements. This decree granted independence to the Paris Observatory, separating it from the Bureau, and focused the efforts of the Bureau on time and astronomy. The Bureau was successful at setting a universal time in Paris via air pulses sent through pneumatic tubes. It later worked to synchronize time across the French colonial empire by determining the length of time for a signal to make a round trip to and from a French colony.\nThe French Bureau of Longitude established a commission in the year 1897 to extend the metric system to the measurement of time. They planned to abolish the antiquated division of the day into hours, minutes, and seconds, and replace it by a division into tenths, thousandths, and hundred-thousandths of a day. This was a revival of a dream that was in the minds of the creators of the metric system at the time of the French Revolution a hundred years earlier. Some members of the Bureau of Longitude commission introduced a compromise proposal, retaining the old-fashioned hour as the basic unit of time and dividing it into hundredths and ten-thousandths. Poincar\u00e9 served as secretary of the commission and took its work very seriously, writing several of its reports. He was a fervent believer in a universal metric system. But he lost the battle. The rest of the world outside France gave no support to the commission's proposals, and the French government was not prepared to go it alone. After three years of hard work, the commission was dissolved in 1900.\nSince 1970, the board has been constituted with 13 members, 3 nominated by the Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences. Since 1998, practical work has been carried out by the Institut de m\u00e9canique c\u00e9leste et de calcul des \u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e9rides.", "Q1095509": "Clarence Hardy \"C.\" Sharpe (May 5, 1931, St. Louis - January 28, 1990, New York City) was an American jazz saxophonist.Sharpe's stepfather, Nathaniel, was a saxophonist in Fletcher Henderson's orchestra, and his father was big band vocalist Benjamin Hardy. He was raised in Germantown, Pennsylvania, where he led a student band as a high schooler called \"C Sharpe and the Flats\". He started his professional career in and around Philadelphia, where he played with Jimmy Garrison, Cal Massey, Lee Morgan, and McCoy Tyner. After relocating to New York City, he worked with Jimmy McGriff, Steve Ellington, Kenny Dorham, Joe Henderson, and Archie Shepp over the course of the 1960s. After leaving music for a period, he returned in the 1980s, playing with the Jazz Disciples in 1983, with Freddie Redd in 1985 and Ari Roland in 1987, and with his own group late in the decade. His sidemen for this ensemble were Frank Hewitt, Leroy Williams, and Hal Dotson.", "Q23336": "Formazza (Walser: Pomatt, Piedmontese: Formassa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) northeast of Turin and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Verbania, on the border with Switzerland.\nFormazza borders the following municipalities: Baceno, Bedretto (Switzerland), Bignasco (Switzerland), Binn (Switzerland), Bosco/Gurin (Switzerland), Cavergno (Switzerland), Premia, Reckingen-Gluringen (Switzerland), Ulrichen (Switzerland).\nThe village was founded by Walser and Walser German is still spoken. Its frazioni are (with Walser name in parentheses): Foppiano (Undrum Schtald\u00e4), Antillone (Puneig\u00e4), Fondovalle (Schtafuwald), Chiesa (In der Mattu), Valdo (Wald), San Michele (Tuffald), Ponte (Zum Scht\u00e4g), Brendo (In d\u00e4 Brendu), Grovella (Gurf\u00e4lu), Canza (Fr\u00fcduwald), Sotto Frua (Under Frutt), Frua (Uf \u00e4 Fr\u00fctt), and Riale (Ch\u00e4rb\u00e4ch).", "Q274238": "Christine Delaroche (born 24 May 1944) is a French actress and singer. She has appeared in 21 films and television shows since 1965. She starred in the 1966 film Un monde nouveau, which was directed by Vittorio De Sica.", "Q449484": "Tadeusz Antoni Zwiefka (Polish pronunciation: [ta\u02c8d\u025b.u\u0290 \u02c8zvj\u025bfka]; born 28 December 1954 in Tuchola) is a Polish journalist and politician. Since 2004, member of the European Parliament.", "Q42904": "Dima Bilan (Russian: \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0411\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d, IPA: [\u02c8d\u02b2im\u0259 b\u02b2\u026a\u02c8\u026ban]; born \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d, Viktor Nikolayevich Belan, 24 December 1981 in Ust-Dzheguta, Karachay\u2013Cherkessia) is a Russian actor and singer-songwriter. Bilan represented Russia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 with \"Never Let You Go\", finishing second, and he won the contest in 2008 in Belgrade, with the song \"Believe\". He has had several Russian number one hit records. He is sometimes referred to as \"Russia's Iglesias\" due to his similarity to the Spanish singer.", "Q309589": "Peter Wilton Cushing, OBE (26 May 1913 \u2013 11 August 1994), was an English actor best known for his roles in the Hammer Productions horror films of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, as well as his performance as Grand Moff Tarkin in Star Wars (1977). His acting career spanned over six decades and included appearances in more than 100 films, as well as many television, stage and radio roles. Born in Kenley, Surrey, Cushing made his stage debut in 1935 and spent three years at a repertory theatre before moving to Hollywood to pursue a film career.\nAfter making his motion picture debut in the film The Man in the Iron Mask (1939), Cushing began to find modest success in American films before returning to England at the outbreak of the Second World War. Despite performing in a string of roles, including one as Osric in Laurence Olivier's film adaptation of Hamlet (1948), Cushing struggled greatly to find work during this period and began to consider himself a failure. His career was revitalised once he started to work in live television plays, and he soon became one of the most recognisable faces in British television. He earned particular acclaim for his lead performance in a BBC Television adaptation of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four (1954).\nCushing gained worldwide fame for his appearances in 22 horror films from the Hammer studio, particularly for his role as Baron Frankenstein in six of their seven Frankenstein films, and Doctor Van Helsing in five Dracula films. Cushing often appeared alongside actor Christopher Lee, who became one of his closest friends, and occasionally with the American horror star Vincent Price.\nCushing appeared in several other Hammer films, including The Abominable Snowman (1957), The Mummy and The Hound of the Baskervilles (both 1957), the last of which marked the first of the several occasions he portrayed the famous detective Sherlock Holmes. Cushing continued to perform in a variety of roles, although he was often typecast as a horror film actor. He played Dr. Who in Dr. Who and the Daleks (1965) and Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D. (1966) and gained the highest amount of visibility in his career with his part in the original Star Wars film (1977). Cushing continued acting into his later years, and wrote two autobiographies. He was married to Helen Cushing for 28 years before she died in 1971. Cushing died in 1994 of prostate cancer.\n\n", "Q156021": "Kristin Otto (born 7 February 1966) is a German Olympic swimming champion. She is most famous for being the first woman to win six gold medals at a single Olympic Games, doing so at the 1988 Seoul Olympic games. In long course, she held the world records in the 100 meter and 200 meter freestyle events. Otto was also the first woman to swim the short course 100 meter backstroke in under a minute, doing so at an international short course meet at Indiana University in 1983.\n\n", "Q331016": "Blue \u00d6yster Cult (often abbreviated B\u00d6C or BOC) is an American rock band formed in Stony Brook, New York in 1967, best known for the singles \"(Don't Fear) The Reaper\", \"Burnin' for You\", \"Cities on Flame with Rock and Roll\", and \"Godzilla.\" They have sold 25 million records worldwide, including seven million in the United States alone. The band's music videos, especially \"Burnin' for You,\" received heavy rotation on MTV when the music television network premiered in 1981, cementing the band's contribution to the development and success of the music video in modern popular culture.\nBlue \u00d6yster Cult's longest-lasting and most commercially successful lineup included Donald \"Buck Dharma\" Roeser (lead guitar, vocals), Eric Bloom (lead vocals, \"stun guitar\", keyboards, synthesizers), Allen Lanier (keyboards, rhythm guitar, backing vocals), Joe Bouchard (bass, vocals), and Albert Bouchard (drums, percussion, vocals). The band's current lineup still includes Bloom and Roeser, in addition to Danny Miranda (bass, backing vocals), Jules Radino (drums, percussion) and Richie Castellano (keyboard, rhythm guitar, lead and backing vocals).", "Q110074": "Willy Rumpf (4 April 1903 \u2013 8 February 1982) was Finance Minister in the German Democratic Republic.Rumpf was born in Berlin. During 1917\u20131920, he was educated as an insurance assessor, and worked until 1932 as an accountant, cashier and a foreign trade correspondent. In 1920 he joined the German Communist Youth Association, and in 1925 the Communist Party of Germany. From 1933 to 1938, he was arrested in penitentiary and detained at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. After that he returned to work, and was a member of the resistance group Robert Uhrig. During 1944\u20131945, he was again in custody.\nFrom 1945 to 1947 he was deputy leader of the finance department of the magistrate of greater Berlin, from 1947 to 1948 leader of the trust administration of Berlin, from 1948 to 1949 leader of the central administration for finances of the German Economic Commission.\nIn 1946. Rumpf became a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). During 1949\u20131967, he was a delegate of the Volkskammer, from 1950 as a candidate and from 1963 as a member of the central committee of the SED. He was from 1955 to 1966 Finance Minister and member of the cabinet council, and from 1963 its president.\nRumpf received the Order of Merit for the Fatherland in 1958, in 1963 the Order of Karl Marx, and in 1978 the Star of Friendship of Nations.", "Q377043": "Splice is a 2009 science fiction horror film directed by Vincenzo Natali and starring Adrien Brody, Sarah Polley, and Delphine Chan\u00e9ac. The story concerns experiments in genetic engineering being done by a young scientific couple, who attempt to introduce human DNA into their work of splicing animal genes. Guillermo del Toro, Don Murphy, and Joel Silver are the executive producers of this film.", "Q168871": "fripSide is a Japanese pop and trance duo originally formed by composer Satoshi Yaginuma (Sat) and singer Nao in February 2002.", "Q156747": "Poltava (UK: , US: ; Ukrainian: \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 [pol\u02c8t\u0251w\u0250]; Russian: \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 [p\u0250l\u02c8tav\u0259]) is a city located on the Vorskla River in central Ukraine. It is the capital city of the Poltava Oblast (province) and of the surrounding Poltava Raion (district) of the oblast. Poltava is administratively incorporated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. It has a population of 289,000.", "Q966788": "Jonathan Philip Agnew, (born 4 April 1960) is an English cricket broadcaster and a former professional cricketer. He was born in Macclesfield, Cheshire, and educated at Uppingham School. He is nicknamed \"Aggers\", and, less commonly, \"Spiro\" \u2013 the latter, according to Debrett's Cricketers' Who's Who, after former US Vice-President Spiro Agnew.Agnew had a successful first-class career as a fast bowler for Leicestershire from 1979 to 1990, returning briefly in 1992. In first-class cricket he took 666 wickets at an average of 29.25. Agnew won three Test caps for England, as well as playing three One Day Internationals in the mid-1980s, although his entire international career lasted just under a year. In county cricket, Agnew's most successful seasons came toward the end of his career, after his last international match, when he had learned to swing the ball. He was second- and third-leading wicket-taker in 1987 and 1988 respectively, including the achievement of 100 wickets in a season in 1987. He was named as one of the five Cricketers of the Year by Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in 1988.\nWhile still a player, Agnew began a career in cricket journalism and commentary. Since his retirement as a player, he has become a leading voice of cricket on radio, as the BBC Radio cricket correspondent and as a commentator on Test Match Special. He has also contributed as a member of Australian broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Grandstand team. \nAgnew's on-air \"leg over\" comment on Test Match Special, made to fellow commentator Brian Johnston in 1991, provoked giggling fits during a live broadcast and reaction from across England. The incident has been voted \"the greatest sporting commentary ever\" in a BBC poll; Michael Henderson, one of Agnew's peers and rivals, has described him as \"a master broadcaster ... the pick of the sports correspondents at the BBC.\"\n\n", "Q86946": "Stephen IV (Hungarian: IV. Istv\u00e1n, Croatian: Stjepan IV, Slovak: \u0160tefan IV; c. 1133 \u2013 11 April 1165) was King of Hungary and Croatia, ascending to the throne between 1163 and 1165, when he usurped the crown of his nephew, Stephen III. He was the third son of B\u00e9la II of Hungary, and when his conspiracy against his brother G\u00e9za II failed, he was exiled from Hungary in the summer of 1157. He first sought refuge in the Holy Roman Empire, but received no support from Emperor Frederick I. Shortly afterwards he moved to the Byzantine Empire, where he married a niece of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, Maria Komnene, and converted to the Orthodox Church.\nAfter G\u00e9za II died on 31 May 1162, Emperor Manuel attempted to assist Stephen against his nephew and namesake, Stephen III, in seizing the crown. Although the Hungarian lords were willing to leave their young monarch, they sharply opposed Stephen and elected his brother, Ladislaus II, king. Ladislaus II granted the ducatus, or duchy, which included one-third of the kingdom, to Stephen. Ladislaus II died on 14 January 1163, and Stephen succeeded him. Lucas, Archbishop of Esztergom, who remained a staunch supporter of the expelled young Stephen III, denied to crown him and excommunicated him. Stephen IV remained unpopular among the Hungarian lords, enabling his nephew to muster an army. In the decisive battle, which was fought at Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r on 19 June 1163, the younger Stephen routed his uncle, forcing him once again to flee Hungary.\nStephen attempted to regain his crown with the assistance of Manuel I and Frederick I, but both emperors abandoned him. Emperor Manuel settled him in Syrmium, a province acquired from Hungary. He died of poisoning by his nephew's partisans during the siege of Zimony (now Zemun in Serbia).", "Q377725": "Peter (or Pyotr or Petr) Berngardovich Struve (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0432\u0435; pronounced [p\u02b2\u0275tr b\u02b2\u026arn\u02c8\u0261ard\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255\u02c8struv\u02b2\u026a]; 26 January 1870 in Perm \u2013 22 February 1944 in Paris) was a Russian political economist, philosopher and editor. He started out as a Marxist, later became a liberal and after the Bolshevik revolution joined the White movement. From 1920, he lived in exile in Paris, where he was a prominent critic of Russian Communism.", "Q100501": "Ulrich Wilhelm (born July 8, 1961 in Munich) is a German lawyer and journalist. Since February 1, 2011, Wilhelm is director of the Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR).", "Q87480": "Carl Junker (18 June 1827 \u2013 17 May 1882) was an Austrian engineer and architect. His construction projects include Miramare Castle in Trieste and the First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline.", "Q2276408": "Shahid \"Shad\" Khan (Urdu: \u0634\u0627\u06c1\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646\u200e; born July 18, 1950), is a Pakistani American billionaire businessman. Khan is the CEO and owner of Flex-N-Gate, an American automobile OEM manufacturer. Khan is the owner of the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL), Fulham F.C. of the English Football League Championship, and professional wrestling promotion All Elite Wrestling (AEW) where he is lead investor. \nKhan was featured on the front cover of Forbes magazine in 2012, associating him as the face of the American Dream. As of October 2019, Khan's net worth is $7.9 billion. He is ranked 61st in the Forbes 400 list of richest Americans, and is overall the 224th wealthiest person in the world. He is also the richest person of Pakistani origin.", "Q887576": "Garrey Edward Carruthers (born August 29, 1939) is an American politician and academic who served as the 27th governor of New Mexico and the Chancellor of New Mexico State University. He previously served as special assistant to the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture from 1974 to 1975, director of the New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute at NMSU, state chair of the Republican Party of New Mexico from 1977 to 1979, and United States Deputy Secretary of the Interior for Land and Resources from 1981 to 1984.", "Q436536": "The Altels (3,629 m) is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It is situated in the Balmhorn massif, approximately halfway between Kandersteg and Leukerbad.\nAlthough its south side is in Valais, the mountain lies within the Aar basin.", "Q233615": "Candice Michelle Beckman (born September 30, 1978) better known as Candice Michelle is an American model, actress, and retired professional wrestler, best known for her time with WWE.\nAfter spending years modeling and acting, Candice Michelle was hired by WWE in 2004, after she participated in the WWE Diva Search. Outside wrestling, she is considered to be a sex symbol and is known as the Go Daddy Girl, performing in the company's annual Super Bowl commercials. She also posed for a cover and nude pictorial in the April 2006 issue of Playboy. At Vengeance in 2007, she defeated Melina to win her first WWE Women's Championship and became the first former Diva Search contestant to win a WWE title. She was released from her WWE contract on June 19, 2009. She made a return to WWE on the Raw Reunion episode on July 22, 2019 and became the second woman to win the WWE 24/7 Championship.", "Q119050": "Louis I, Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein, nicknamed \"the Elder\", formally \"Louis I of Sayn, Count at Wittgenstein\" (7 December 1532 at Wittgenstein Castle, near Bad Laasphe \u2013 2 July 1605, while travelling near Altenkirchen) ruled the County of Wittgenstein, on the upper reaches of the rivers Lahn and Eder, from 1558 until his death. He converted his county to Calvinism and was an influential politician in the service to the Electoral Palatinate.", "Q23450": "Kit Fine (born 26 March 1946) is a British philosopher, currently University Professor and Silver Professor of Philosophy and Mathematics at New York University. Prior to joining NYU in 1997, he taught at the University of Edinburgh, University of California, Irvine, University of Michigan and UCLA. The author of several books and dozens of articles in international academic journals, he has made notable contributions to the fields of philosophical logic, metaphysics, and the philosophy of language and also has written on ancient philosophy, in particular on Aristotle's account of logic and modality.\nHe is also a Distinguished Research Professor in the Department of Philosophy, University of Birmingham, UK.", "Q2943261": "Cave Hill Cemetery is a 296-acre (1.20 km2) Victorian era National Cemetery and arboretum located at 701 Baxter Avenue, Louisville, Kentucky, United States. Its main entrance is on Baxter Avenue and there is a secondary one on Grinstead Drive. It is the largest cemetery by area and number of burials in Louisville.\nCave Hill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Cave Hill National Cemetery, containing military graves, is also on the National Register, added in 1998.", "Q1332068": "The French Section of the Workers' International (French: Section fran\u00e7aise de l'Internationale ouvri\u00e8re, SFIO) was a French socialist party founded in 1905 and replaced in 1969 by the current Socialist Party (PS). It was created during the 1905 Globe Congress in Paris as a merger between the French Socialist Party and the Socialist Party of France in order to create the French section of the Second International, designated as the party of the workers' movement.\nThe SFIO was led by Jules Guesde, Jean Jaur\u00e8s (who quickly became its most influential figure), \u00c9douard Vaillant and Paul Lafargue and united the Marxist tendency represented by Guesde with the social-democratic tendency represented by Jaur\u00e8s. The SFIO opposed itself to colonialism and to militarism, although it abandoned its anti-militarist views and supported the National Union government (Union nationale) facing Germany's declaration of war on France in World War I.\nHaving replaced internationalist class struggle with patriotism like the whole Second International and because of conflicting views towards the 1917 Russian Revolution and the Bolshevik-led Third International, the SFIO split into two groups during the 1920 Tours Congress as the majority created the Section fran\u00e7aise de l'Internationale communiste (SFIC) which joined the Third International and became the French Communist Party while the minority continued as the SFIO.", "Q109243": "Karl Fuchs (MdB) (September 11, 1920 \u2013 March 31, 1989) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nHe was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria from 1966 to 1969.\nThere is a street in Rochester, NY named after Karl Fuchs.", "Q681250": "The European Graduate School (EGS) is a private graduate school that operates in two locations: Saas-Fee, Switzerland, and Valletta, Malta.", "Q271426": "Pamela Adlon (, n\u00e9e Segall; born July 9, 1966) is an American actress, voice actress, screenwriter, producer, and director. She voiced Bobby Hill on the animated comedy series King of the Hill (1997\u20132010), for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award, Ashley Spinelli on the animated comedy series Recess (1997\u20132003), Baloo on Jungle Cubs (1996\u20131998), Lucky on 101 Dalmatians: The Series (1997\u20131998), and the title character from the Pajama Sam video game series. Adlon is also known for her roles on the comedy-drama series Californication (2007\u20132014) and Louie (2010\u20132015), on which she was also a writer and producer. Her work on Louie garnered her four Primetime Emmy Award nominations.\nAdlon has starred as Sam Fox on the FX comedy-drama series Better Things since 2016, which she also co-created, writes, produces and directs. The series won a Peabody Award, and she has been nominated twice for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series.", "Q172829": "Roger Loyer (5 August 1907 \u2013 24 March 1988) was a motorcycle road racer and racing driver from France. He won the 1937 250cc French motorcycle Grand Prix and the 1938 350cc French motorcycle Grand Prix.\nHe participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the Argentine Grand Prix on 17 January 1954. His Gordini Type 16 ran out of oil, and he scored no championship points. Shortly after, this car failed again during the non-Championship Buenos Aires Grand Prix, but Loyer was able to share \u00c9lie Bayol's car to finish 10th.", "Q102316": "Paul Gratzik (30 November 1935 \u2013 18 June 2018) was a German dramatist and novelist. He came to wider public attention in 2011 as the subject of the documentary film Vaterlandsverr\u00e4ter (English translation: Enemy of the State) about his past as a Stasi informer.", "Q741060": "Ali Shirazinia (Persian: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u200e), commonly known by his stage name Dubfire, is an Iranian American house and techno DJ and producer. Prior to his solo career, Dubfire made up half of the four times nominated and Grammy Award-winning duo, Deep Dish. Dubfire's style is noticeably different from that of Deep Dish, consisting of techno rather than progressive house.", "Q674971": "Jules Fournier (August 23, 1884 - April 16, 1918) was a Canadian writer and newspaper owner.", "Q67212": "Paul Singer (16 January 1844, Berlin \u2013 31 January 1911) was a leading Marxist in and representative of the Social Democratic Party of Germany in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Co-Chairmen of the SPD (which he joined in 1878) along with fellow Marxist August Bebel from 1890 until his death in 1911.", "Q28217328": "Kara Springer is a Canadian industrial designer and visual artist of Jamaican and Bajan heritage, who was born in Bridgetown, Barbados and raised in Southern Ontario, Canada.", "Q189325": "The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a federally funded research and development center and NASA field center in the city of La Ca\u00f1ada Flintridge with a Pasadena mailing address , within the state of California, United States.\nFounded in the 1930s, JPL is currently owned by NASA and managed by the nearby California Institute of Technology (Caltech) for NASA. The laboratory's primary function is the construction and operation of planetary robotic spacecraft, though it also conducts Earth-orbit and astronomy missions. It is also responsible for operating NASA's Deep Space Network.\nAmong the laboratory's major active projects are the Mars Science Laboratory mission (which includes the Curiosity rover), the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Juno spacecraft orbiting Jupiter, the NuSTAR X-ray telescope, the SMAP satellite for earth surface soil moisture monitoring, and the Spitzer Space Telescope. It is also responsible for managing the JPL Small-Body Database, and provides physical data and lists of publications for all known small Solar System bodies.\nJPL's Space Flight Operations Facility and Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator are designated National Historic Landmarks.\n\n", "Q68121": "Carl Heinrich Becker (12 April 1876 \u2013 10 February 1933) was a German orientalist and politician in Prussia. In 1921 and 1925\u20131930 he served as Minister for Culture in Prussia (independent). He was one of the founders of the study of the contemporary Middle East and a reformer of the system of higher education in the Weimar Republic.", "Q92933": "Per Brinch Hansen (November 13, 1938 \u2013 July 31, 2007) was a Danish-American computer scientist known for his work in operating systems, concurrent programming and parallel and distributed computing.", "Q267244": "Jacques Villeret (6 February 1951 \u2013 28 January 2005) was a French actor, best known internationally for his role as Fran\u00e7ois Pignon in the comedy Le D\u00eener de Cons. During his career, he earned many awards including the prestigious medal and title of Chevalier de la L\u00e9gion d'Honneur.", "Q1855635": "Vladimir Aleksandrovich Sokoloff (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432; December 26, 1889 \u2013 February 15, 1962) was a Russian-American character actor of stage and screen. After studying theatre in Moscow, he began his professional film career in Germany and France during the Silent era, before emigrating to the United States in the 1930s. He appeared in over 100 films and television series, often playing supporting characters of various nationalities and ethnicities.", "Q79038": "Jakov Lind (born Heinz Jakov Landwirth, 10 February 1927 in Vienna \u2013 16 February 2007 in London) was an Austrian-British writer of short stories and novels.", "Q229881": "Grace Slick (born Grace Barnett Wing, October 30, 1939) is an American retired singer-songwriter, musician, artist and former model, widely known in rock and roll history for her role in San Francisco's burgeoning psychedelic music scene in the mid-1960s. Her music career spanned four decades. She performed with The Great Society, Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship and Starship. She also had a sporadic solo career. Slick provided vocals on a number of well-known songs, including \"Somebody to Love\", \"White Rabbit\", \"We Built This City\", and \"Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now\".", "Q61677": "Christian Oliver (born 3 March 1972) is a German actor.Oliver was born in Celle and grew up in Frankfurt am Main. He relocated to the US to work as a model and subsequently took acting lessons in New York and Los Angeles. From 2002 until 2004, Oliver co-starred in 28 episodes of the German action TV series Alarm f\u00fcr Cobra 11.", "Q102302": "Karl-Heinz von Liebezeit (born 10 July 1960 in Karlsruhe, West Germany) is a German television actor.", "Q506393": "Guy Edward John Garvey (born 6 March 1974) is an English musician, singer, songwriter and BBC 6 Music presenter. He is the lead singer and lyricist of the rock band Elbow.", "Q934964": "David Frankel (born April 2, 1959) is an American film director, screenwriter and producer.", "Q230308": "Emily Kathleen Anne Mortimer (born 1 December 1971) is an English actress and screenwriter. She began acting in stage productions and has since appeared in several film and television roles. In 2003, she won an Independent Spirit Award for her performance in Lovely and Amazing. She is also known for playing the role of Mackenzie McHale in the HBO series The Newsroom, and as the voice actress of Sophie in the English-language version of Howl's Moving Castle (2004). Mortimer also stars in Match Point (2005), Lars and the Real Girl (2007), Chaos Theory (2008), Harry Brown (2009), Shutter Island (2010), Hugo (2011), and Mary Poppins Returns (2018).", "Q165399": "Azithromycin is an antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes middle ear infections, strep throat, pneumonia, traveler's diarrhea, and certain other intestinal infections. It can also be used for a number of sexually transmitted infections, including chlamydia and gonorrhea infections. Along with other medications, it may also be used for malaria. It can be taken by mouth or intravenously with doses once per day.Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and upset stomach. An allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis, QT prolongation, or a type of diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile is possible. No harm has been found with its use during pregnancy. Its safety during breastfeeding is not confirmed, but it is likely safe. Azithromycin is an azalide, a type of macrolide antibiotic. It works by decreasing the production of protein, thereby stopping bacterial growth.Azithromycin was discovered 1980 by Pliva and approved for medical use in 1988. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. The World Health Organization classifies it as critically important for human medicine. It is available as a generic medication and is sold under many trade names worldwide. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.18 to US$2.98 per dose. In the United States, it is about US$4 for a course of treatment as of 2018. In 2017, it was the 57th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than twelve million prescriptions.", "Q68135": "Friedrich Daniel Bassermann (24 February 1811 in Mannheim \u2013 29 July 1855) was a German liberal politician who is best known for calling for a pan-German Parliament at the Frankfurt Parliament. He emphasized the value of a national self-esteem based on progress and freedom.He was one of the most popular representatives in the Second Chamber of the Assembly of the Estates of Baden and played an important role in the creation of the first freely elected parliament for a German nation-state, the Frankfurt Parliament. As chairman of the constitution committee and under-secretary of state in the Interior Ministry of the Provisional Central Power, he contributed greatly to the Paulskirchenverfassung of the Parliament. As a publisher he founded the Deutsche Zeitung, one of the most influential newspapers in the period leading up to the Revolution of 1848/49.", "Q3328885": "Mustafa Vehbi Ko\u00e7 (October 29, 1960 \u2013 January 21, 2016) was a Turkish businessman and a third generation member of the Ko\u00e7 family. He is best known as the chairman of Ko\u00e7 Holding, a position he held from 2003 until his death in 2016.\n\n", "Q77015": "August Franz Ludwig Maria, Baron von Haxthausen-Abbenburg (February 3, 1792, in B\u00f6kendorf, Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn \u2013 December 31, 1866, in Hanover) was a German agricultural scientist, economist, lawyer, writer, and collector of folk songs, best known for his account of conditions in Russia as revealed by his 1843 visit.", "Q78326": "Rudolf Katz (23 November 1895 \u2013 23 July 1961) was a German politician and judge. He was Vice President of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany.", "Q363744": "Jorge Alvarez (born 1 May 1969), better known by his stage names Kurious or Kurious Jorge, is an American hip hop recording artist from New York, New York.\n\n", "Q25035": "Karl (von) Etzel (old spelling Carl von Etzel) (6 January 1812 \u2013 2 May 1865) was a German railway engineer and architect. He created many famous railway lines, bridges and viaducts, including the Bietigheim Enz Valley Viaduct.", "Q195718": "Kristin Laura Kreuk (; born December 30, 1982) is a Canadian actress. Debuting on Canadian teen drama Edgemont, she became most known for her roles as Lana Lang in the superhero television series Smallville (2001\u20132008), also as Catherine Chandler in The CW sci-fi series Beauty & the Beast (2012\u20132016) and as Joanna Hanley in the CBC legal drama series Burden of Truth.\nShe has also starred in movies such as Snow White: The Fairest of Them All (2001), Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li (2009), and Irvine Welsh's Ecstasy (2011).", "Q86952": "Jacques Breuer (born October 20, 1956) is an Austrian screen and voice actor and film director living in Germany. His grandfather was the popular Austrian actor Siegfried Breuer and both his father, Siegfried Breuer jr., and his ten years younger brother, Pascal Breuer, are actors.\nBorn in Munich, Germany, Breuer graduated from the musical Camerloher-Gymnasium in Freising. His acting debut was in 1975 when he was still attending the Otto Falckenberg School of the Performing Arts when he played in Brecht's Se\u00f1ora Carrar's Rifles at Munich Kammerspiele. Between 1977 and 1979 he was a cast member of the Bayerischen Staatsschauspiels. Since then he has been freelancing.", "Q331764": "Albury () is a major regional city in New South Wales, Australia. It is located on the Hume Highway and the northern side of the Murray River. Albury is the seat of local government for the council area which also bears the city's name \u2013 the City of Albury.\nAlbury has an urban population of 49,172 and is separated from its twin city in Victoria, Wodonga, by the Murray River. Together, the two cities form an urban area with a population of 93,603 at June 2018. It is 554 kilometres (344 mi) from the state capital Sydney and 326 kilometres (203 mi) from the Victorian capital Melbourne.\nSaid to be named after a village in England, Albury developed as a major transport link between New South Wales and Victoria and was proclaimed a city in 1946.", "Q982368": "Dom Guido Grandi, O.S.B. Cam. (1 October 1671 \u2013 4 July 1742) was an Italian monk, priest, philosopher, theologian, mathematician, and engineer.", "Q705636": "Frank Lee Culbertson Jr. (born May 15, 1949) (Capt, USN, Ret.) is an American former naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aerospace engineer, NASA astronaut and graduate of the US Naval Academy. He served as the Commander of the International Space Station for almost four months in 2001 and was the only U.S. citizen not on Earth when the September 11 attacks occurred. Charles Burlingame, the captain of the plane which struck the Pentagon, was his classmate at Annapolis. He recently retired as President of the Space Systems Group at Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems. Mr. Culbertson was responsible for the execution, business development and financial performance of the company's human spaceflight, science, commercial communications, and national security satellite activities, as well as technical services to various government customers. These include some of Northrop Grumman's largest and most important programs such as NASA's Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) initiatives to the International Space Station (ISS) as well as various national security-related programs.", "Q713054": "Cl\u00e1udio Besserman Vianna (Rio de Janeiro, June 25, 1962 \u2014 Vaterstetten, June 17, 2006), commonly known as Bussunda (Portuguese pronunciation: [bu\u02c8s\u0169d\u0250]), was a Brazilian humorist and TV comedian, member of the Casseta & Planeta troupe. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, where he lived and worked, having started his career in the 1980s as a writer for satirical magazine Casseta Popular. One of the most popular Brazilian comedians of his generation, the overweight Bussunda was famous for his impersonations of football striker Ronaldo and of Brazil's president Lula. He also did the voice of Shrek in the Brazilian Portuguese version of Shrek and Shrek 2. He was of Jewish descent.", "Q1955147": "Brian d'Arcy James (born June 29, 1968) is an American actor and musician.", "Q5289309": "St. Stephen's College is a constituent college of the University of Delhi. Widely regarded as one of the oldest college for arts and sciences in India, the institution has produced distinguished alumni in fields like politics, law, journalism, film, and business. It was established by the Cambridge Mission to Delhi. The college admits both undergraduates and post-graduates, and awards degrees in liberal arts and sciences under the purview of the University of Delhi. In 2017, the governing body of the college unilaterally initiated a move towards making it an autonomous institution. In 2018, the plan was put on hold after the University Grants Commission received legal advice against passing a favourable decision.", "Q262328": "Mykola Riabchuk (Ukrainian: \u0420\u044f\u0431\u0447\u0443\u043a \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u042e\u0440\u0456\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447; born September 27, 1953 in Lutsk) - Ukrainian public intellectual, journalist, political analyst, literary critic, translator and writer. Riabchuk is known for his analytical articles and essays on Ukrainian politics, national identity and analysis of Ukrainian history from postcolonial perspective. Married to Ukrainian poet Natalka Bilotserkivets.", "Q3189981": "Willem Louis van der Poel (2 December 1926, The Hague) is a pioneering Dutch computer scientist, who is known for designing the ZEBRA computer.", "Q129187": "Patrick Victor Martindale White (28 May 1912 \u2013 30 September 1990) was an Australian writer who published 12 novels, three short-story collections, and eight plays, from 1935 to 1987.\nWhite's fiction employs humour, florid prose, shifting narrative vantage points and stream of consciousness techniques. In 1973 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, \"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature\", as it says in the Swedish Academy's citation, the first and only Australian to have been awarded the prize. White was also the inaugural recipient of the Miles Franklin Award.\n\n", "Q111418": "Bj\u00f6rn F\u00f6rsterling (born 23 July 1982 in Wolfenb\u00fcttel) is a German politician for the Free Democratic Party.\nHe was elected to the Lower Saxon Landtag in 2008.", "Q96599": "Franz Michael Bohnen (2 May 1887 \u2013 26 April 1965) was a German bass baritone opera singer and actor.", "Q327660": "Michael Nicholas Salvatore Bongiorno (May 26, 1924 \u2013 September 8, 2009), known as Mike Bongiorno (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8maik \u02ccb\u0254n\u02c8d\u0292orno, - bon\u02c8-]), was an Italian-American television host. After a few experiences in the US, he started working on Italian TV in the 1950s and was considered to be the most popular host in Italy. He was also known by the nickname il Re del Quiz (The Quiz King), and the peculiarity of starting all his shows with his trademark greeting: Allegria! (\"Cheers!\", \"Joy!\").", "Q106602": "Walter H\u00f6llerer (December 19, 1922 \u2013 May 20, 2003) was a German writer, literary critic and a literature graduate.", "Q90856": "Willi Sitte (28 February 1921 \u2013 8 June 2013) was a German painter who was for a long time the president of the East German association of visual artists.\n\n", "Q138934": "James Byeram Owens (c. 1816 \u2013 1889) was an American politician who served as a Deputy from Florida to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1862.\n\n", "Q223374": "The Notebook is a 2004 romantic drama film directed by Nick Cassavetes and written by Jeremy Leven from Jan Sardi's adaptation of the 1996 novel by Nicholas Sparks. The film stars Ryan Gosling and Rachel McAdams as a young couple who fall in love in the 1940s. Their story is read from a notebook in the present day by an elderly man (played by James Garner), telling the tale to a fellow nursing home resident (played by Gena Rowlands, who is Cassavetes's mother).\nThe Notebook received generally mixed reviews, but performed well at the box office and received a number of award nominations, winning eight Teen Choice Awards, a Satellite Award, and an MTV Movie Award. The film became a sleeper hit and has gained a cult following. On November 11, 2012, ABC Family premiered an extended version with deleted scenes added back into the original storyline.", "Q522543": "Claudia Pi\u00f1eiro (born 1960) is an Argentine novelist and screenwriter, best known for her crime and mystery novels, most of which became best sellers in Argentina. She was born in Buenos Aires. She has won numerous literary prizes, among them the German LiBeraturpreis for Elena Sabe and the Sor Juana In\u00e9s de la Cruz Prize for Las grietas de Jara.Four of her novels have been translated into English, by Bitter Lemon Press., as well as adapted into feature films.", "Q1784139": "Ian Samuel \"Sam\" Totman is a British New Zealander musician, best known as a guitarist and the main songwriter for the power metal band DragonForce.", "Q33131": "Nothing Like the Holidays is a 2008 film about a Puerto Rican family living in the area of Humboldt Park in Chicago facing what may be their last Christmas together. It was directed by Alfredo De Villa, written by Rick Najera, Ted Perkins, and Alison Swan, and features an ensemble cast. The film was released on December 12, 2008.", "Q275132": "The Winner Is is an American vocal game show which aired on NBC. Hosted by Nick Lachey, the seven-episode series featured singers of all ages competing for a chance to win $1,000,000. The show premiered on June 10, 2013.The winner of the series was Katie Ohh, a nurse who won by a 57\u201344 decision from the 101 expert judges. For her final song, she sang \"The Climb\". The runner-up was Sharde Bivans, a teacher, who performed \"It's a Man's Man's Man's World\". The other four finalists in the Final 6 were the performers Amy Showalter, Leah Grace, and the vocal groups Senior Sounds of Touch and The LaFontaines.\nWith a dismal 1.0 rating/3 share among adults 18\u201349, NBC announced its immediate cancellation on August 6, 2013, with two episodes remaining.", "Q161841": "For the English MP (1707-70), see Edward Gibbon (died 1770).\n\nEdward Gibbon (; 8 May 1737 \u2013 16 January 1794) was an English historian, writer and Member of Parliament. His most important work, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1788 and is known for the quality and irony of its prose, its use of primary sources, and its polemical criticism of organised religion.", "Q65377": "Morissen (Romansh: Murissen) is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia.", "Q936815": "Leonardo Moledo (February 20, 1947 \u2013 August 9, 2014) was an Argentine writer and philosopher.", "Q64069": "T. Jefferson Parker (born 1953) is an American novelist. Parker's books are police procedurals set in Southern California.", "Q438269": "Gabrielle Scollay (born 6 April 1989) is an Australian actress best known for the role of Amy in the second season of the television series Blue Water High. She has been involved in many successful film and television projects including Dangerous (2007), Home and Away (2007), A Model Daughter \u2013 The Killing of Caroline Byrne (2009), Rescue: Special Ops (2011), and Dance Academy (2012). Gabrielle resides in Sydney Australia.", "Q367244": "Felon is a 2008 American prison film written and directed by Ric Roman Waugh. The film stars Stephen Dorff, Val Kilmer and Harold Perrineau. The film tells the story of the family man who ends up in state prison after he kills an intruder. The story is based on events that took place in the 1990s at the notorious California State Prison, Corcoran. The film was released in the United States on July 18, 2008.", "Q1633181": "Hubert Haskell Peavey (January 12, 1881 \u2013 November 21, 1937) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.", "Q357387": "Omar Sy (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0254ma\u0281 si]; born 20 January 1978) is a French actor and comedian. He is known for his sketches with Fred Testot and his role in The Intouchables, and for his roles in X-Men: Days of Future Past, Jurassic World, and Transformers: The Last Knight. In 2012, Sy received the C\u00e9sar Award for his role in The Intouchables, becoming the first recipient of sub-Saharan African descent to win the award.", "Q669934": "Reid Fred Murray (October 16, 1887 \u2013 April 29, 1952) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin, businessman, and educator.Born in Ogdensburg, Wisconsin, Murray attended the public schools and Manawa High School.\nHe graduated from the College of Agriculture of the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison in 1916.\nHe served as agricultural agent for railroads in St. Paul, Minnesota from 1914 to 1917, for Winnebago County, Wisconsin from 1917 to 1919, and for the First National Bank, Oshkosh, Wisconsin from 1919 to 1922.\nReid was professor of animal husbandry, at the College of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison from 1922 to 1927.\nHe also was engaged in agricultural pursuits and in the buying and selling of cattle and farms, in Waupaca, Wisconsin from 1927 to 1939.\nMurray was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-sixth and to the six succeeding Congresses. He was elected as the representative of Wisconsin's 7th congressional district. He served from January 3, 1939, until his death in Bethesda, Maryland, April 29, 1952. He was interred in Park Cemetery, one mile north of Ogdensburg, Wisconsin.", "Q156035": "Opinion journalism is journalism that makes no claim of objectivity. Although distinguished from advocacy journalism in several ways, both forms feature a subjective viewpoint, usually with some social or political purpose. Common examples include newspaper columns, editorials, op-eds, editorial cartoons, and punditry.Unlike advocacy journalism, opinion journalism has a reduced focus on facts or research and its perspective is often of a more personalized variety. Its product may be only one component of a generally objective news outlet, rather than the dominant feature of an entire publication or broadcast network.There are a number of journalistic genres that are opinion-based. Among them, for example, there is Gonzo journalism and New Journalism.", "Q199644": "Adolfo Ferreira Caminha (May 29, 1867 \u2013 January 1, 1897) was a Brazilian Naturalist novelist, famous for his polemical novel Bom-Crioulo, which deals with race and homosexuality.\n\n", "Q325077": "1+1/2 Knights: In Search of the Ravishing Princess Herzelinde (German: 1+1/2 Ritter \u2013 Auf der Suche nach der hinrei\u00dfenden Herzelinde) is a 2008 German film directed by Til Schweiger. It stars Til Schweiger, Rick Kavanian, Julia Dietze, Thomas Gottschalk and Udo Kier. The film centers on two knights, Lanze (Schweiger) and Erdal (Kavanian) who are trying to save kidnapped Princess Herzelinde (Dietze) from the Black Knight (Tobias Moretti). Some characters from Der Ring des Nibelungen by Richard Wagner, such as Siegfried (Thierry van Werveke) and Br\u00fcnnhilde (Stefanie Stappenbeck) appear in the film.\n\n", "Q28836534": "Killing Commendatore (Japanese: \u9a0e\u58eb\u56e3\u9577\u6bba\u3057, Hepburn: Kishidanch\u014d-goroshi) is a 2017 novel written by Japanese writer Haruki Murakami. It was first published in two volumes\u2013The Idea Made Visible (\u9855\u308c\u308b\u30a4\u30c7\u30a2\u7de8, Arawareru idea hen) and The Shifting Metaphor (\u9077\u308d\u3046\u30e1\u30bf\u30d5\u30a1\u30fc\u7de8, Utsurou metaf\u0101 hen), respectively\u2013by Shinchosha in Japan on 24 February 2017. An English translation by Philip Gabriel and Ted Goossen was released as a single, 704-page volume on 9 October 2018 by Alfred A. Knopf in the US and by Harvill Secker in the UK.The publisher of the book stated that 1.3 million copies were planned for the first-edition Japanese prints.", "Q747363": "George Heath (1862\u20131943) was an early American racing driver. A native Long Islander who spent much of his time in France, he won the first Vanderbilt Cup race in 1904 driving a Panhard and was retroactively awarded the 1904 National Championship in 1951. Heath returned to the Vanderbilt Cup in 1905 and placed second. He continued to race until 1909.", "Q172183": "Chaim Azriel Weizmann (Hebrew: \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc \u05d5\u05d9\u05e6\u05de\u05df Hayyim Azri'el Vaytsman, Russian: \u0425\u0430\u0438\u043c \u0412\u0435\u0439\u0446\u043c\u0430\u043d Khaim Veytsman; 27 November 1874 \u2013 9 November 1952) was a Zionist leader and Israeli statesman who served as president of the Zionist Organization and later as the first president of Israel. He was elected on 16 February 1949, and served until his death in 1952. It was Weizmann who convinced the United States government to recognize the newly formed state of Israel.\nWeizmann was also a noted biochemist, considered to be the 'father' of industrial fermentation. He developed the acetone\u2013butanol\u2013ethanol fermentation process, which produces acetone, n-Butanol and ethanol through bacterial fermentation. His acetone production method was of great importance in the manufacture of cordite explosive propellants for the British war industry during World War I. He founded the Sieff Research Institute in Rehovot, Israel (which was later re-named the Weizmann Institute of Science in his honor), and was instrumental in the establishment of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.", "Q443803": "Katarzyna Figura (born 22 March 1962) is a Polish actress. She is sometimes billed as \"Kasia Figura\", as in Pr\u00eat-\u00e0-Porter (Ready to Wear), Robert Altman's 1994 film.", "Q530147": "Mike Hedges is a British audio producer/engineer. Starting his career as a freelance engineer and producer in 1981, Mike helped to craft the sounds of The Cure and Siouxsie and the Banshees from his own facility in Camden, the now legendary Playground.\nSince then Mike has worked with an eclectic roster of artists ranging from rock and pop heavyweights such as U2, Dido, Manic Street Preachers, Travis, Texas, The Beautiful South and Everything But The Girl to cult-indie icons The Cooper Temple Clause and classically orientated projects, The Priests & Sarah Brightman.\nHedges' first major collaboration was with The Cure, and resulted in their debut single \"Killing an Arab\". Hedges opened his own facility, the Playground, designed by Acoustician Andy Munro, in nearby Camden Town where he continued to work with The Cure as well as with the Associates and Siouxsie and the Banshees.", "Q68653": "Montcherand is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q93387": "Charles Albert Floyd (1791 \u2013 February 20, 1873) was a U.S. Representative from New York.\nBorn in Smithtown, New York, Floyd attended the common schools. He engaged in agricultural pursuits. He served as Suffolk County clerk in 1820 and 1821. He then studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He served as district attorney in 1830 and served as member of the New York State Assembly in 1836 and 1838. He served as president of the board of trustees of Huntington from 1837\u20131840.\nFloyd was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1841 \u2013 March 3, 1843). After his term in the House of Representatives, he became county judge of Suffolk County and Town supervisor of Huntington 1843\u20131865. He resumed agricultural pursuits. He died in Commack, Long Island, New York on February 20, 1873. He was interred in the Methodist Church Cemetery.", "Q434453": "Inger Stevens (born Ingrid Stensland; October 18, 1934 \u2013 April 30, 1970) was a Swedish-American film, television, and stage actress.\n\n", "Q102464": "Rosemarie Schuder (married Rosemarie Hirsch; July 24, 1928 \u2013 May 5, 2018) was a German writer.", "Q92099": "Victor Aim\u00e9 Huber (10 March 1800 \u2013 19 July 1869) was a German social reformer, travel writer and a literature historian.\nHuber was born in Stuttgart, Germany. His parents, Ludwig Ferdinand and Therese Huber, n\u00e9e Heyne, were both writers. After the early death of his father, he was sent as a 6 years old to friends of his parents living in Hofwil, Switzerland.\nHuber graduated in medicine in 1820 and afterwards undertook several travels to France, Portugal, England, Spain and Italy. In 1828 Huber accepted a post as a teacher of history and modern languages at a gymnasium in Bremen, Germany. In 1832 he became a professor of modern and oriental languages in Rostock, in 1836 in Marburg and in 1843 professor for the history of literature in Berlin.\nHuber took part in the establishment of a conservative party in Prussia, from which he however withdrew after a short time because of the interests of feudal landlords. His real aim was to help the reintegration of workers into the civil society, and for this reason he gave up his professorship in Berlin in order to dedicate himself to the social questions of the day.\nSoon afterwards Huber was able to propose a new social model to improve the life conditions of low wage workers after visiting Manchester, in England, in 1844, where he acquainted himself with the housing and living conditions of factory workers. He named this model \"internal occupation\" (innere Ansiedlung).\nHuber was one of the intellectual predecessors of the cooperative movement in Germany. He carried out his socio-political concepts in practice. From 1849 to 1852 Huber was active in the executive committee of the not-for-profit building firm of the citizens of Berlin, which built six small houses for 15 families on a property at Schoenhauser Av. What was to become a showcase for his \"internal occupation\" model, however, had a short duration. In 1888/1889 the houses were demolished to make space to larger and denser buildings.\nHuber died, aged 69, in Wernigerode.", "Q312803": "David Thomas Jones (30 December 1945 \u2013 29 February 2012) was an English singer-songwriter, musician, actor and businessman, best known as a member of the band the Monkees, and for starring in the TV series of the same name. \nHis acting credits include a Tony-nominated performance as the Artful Dodger in the original London and Broadway productions of Oliver! as well as a guest star role in a hallmark episode of The Brady Bunch television show and later reprised parody film; Love, American Style; and My Two Dads. \nHe played Ena Sharple's grandson in the long running UK soap Coronation Street. \nJones was considered a teen idol.\n\n", "Q333615": "Raymond Radiguet (18 June 1903 \u2013 12 December 1923) was a French novelist and poet whose two novels were noted for their explicit themes, and unique style and tone.", "Q541966": "Kl\u00e1ra Feh\u00e9r (21 May 1919 \u2013 11 September 1996) was a Hungarian writer.\n\n", "Q238032": "Jeanne Elizabeth Crain (May 25, 1925 \u2013 December 14, 2003) was an American actress whose career spanned from 1943 to 1975. She received an Oscar nomination for Best Actress in the 1949 film Pinky, in which she played the leading role. She was also noted for her ability in ice skating.", "Q75603": "Miguel \u00c1ngel Asturias Rosales (Spanish pronunciation: [mi\u02c8\u0263el \u02c8a\u014b.xel as\u02c8tu.\u027ejas]; October 19, 1899 \u2013 June 9, 1974) was a Nobel Prize-winning Guatemalan poet-diplomat, novelist, playwright and journalist. Asturias helped establish Latin American literature's contribution to mainstream Western culture, and at the same time drew attention to the importance of indigenous cultures, especially those of his native Guatemala.\nAsturias was born and raised in Guatemala though he lived a significant part of his adult life abroad. He first lived in Paris in the 1920s where he studied ethnology. Some scholars view him as the first Latin American novelist to show how the study of anthropology and linguistics could affect the writing of literature. While in Paris, Asturias also associated with the Surrealist movement, and he is credited with introducing many features of modernist style into Latin American letters. In this way, he is an important precursor of the Latin American Boom of the 1960s and 1970s.\nOne of Asturias' most famous novels, El Se\u00f1or Presidente, describes life under a ruthless dictator. Asturias' very public opposition to dictatorial rule led to him spending much of his later life in exile, both in South America and in Europe. The book that is sometimes described as his masterpiece, Hombres de ma\u00edz (Men of Maize), is a defense of Mayan culture and customs. Asturias combined his extensive knowledge of Mayan beliefs with his political convictions, channeling them into a life of commitment and solidarity. His work is often identified with the social and moral aspirations of the Guatemalan people.\nAfter decades of exile and marginalization, Asturias finally received broad recognition in the 1960s. In 1966, he won the Soviet Union's Lenin Peace Prize. The following year he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, becoming the second Latin American author to receive this honor (Gabriela Mistral had won it in 1945). Asturias spent his final years in Madrid, where he died at the age of 74. He is buried in the P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.", "Q106165": "Hanno Drechsler (24 March 1931 \u2013 4 January 2003) was the Lord Mayor of the City of Marburg, Germany between 1970 and 1992, and the instigator of its restoration after urban renewal; he was also an important Social Democratic politician and political scientist.\n\n", "Q979865": "Richard Lovell Edgeworth (31 May 1744 \u2013 13 June 1817) was an Anglo-Irish politician, writer and inventor.", "Q288928": "Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable. Another definition provided is the view that \"human reason is incapable of providing sufficient rational grounds to justify either the belief that God exists or the belief that God does not exist.\"The English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the word agnostic in 1869, and said \"It simply means that a man shall not say he knows or believes that which he has no scientific grounds for professing to know or believe.\"\nEarlier thinkers, however, had written works that promoted agnostic points of view, such as Sanjaya Belatthaputta, a 5th-century BCE Indian philosopher who expressed agnosticism about any afterlife; and Protagoras, a 5th-century BCE Greek philosopher who expressed agnosticism about the existence of \"the gods\".Agnosticism is the doctrine or tenet of agnostics with regard to the existence of anything beyond and behind material phenomena or to knowledge of a First Cause or God, and is not a religion.", "Q351091": "Benjamin Robert Rich (June 18, 1925 \u2013 January 5, 1995) was an American engineer and the second Director of Lockheed's Skunk Works from 1975 to 1991, succeeding its founder, Kelly Johnson. Regarded as the \"father of stealth\", Rich was responsible for leading the development of the F-117, the first production stealth aircraft. He also worked on the F-104, U-2, A-12, SR-71, and F-22, among others.", "Q1189121": "Tokyo Prefecture (\u6771\u4eac\u5e9c, T\u014dky\u014d-fu) was a Japanese government entity that existed between 1868 and 1943.", "Q264980": "Equal Vision Records is an independent record label based in Albany, New York. Equal Vision Records was founded in the early 1990s by Ray Cappo, singer for the bands Youth of Today, Shelter, and Better Than a Thousand.\nThe label originally existed solely to distribute Shelter and other Krishna releases. In 1992, label manager Steve Reddy bought Equal Vision from Cappo. The focus was expanded and a wider variety of bands were brought on board. According to Punk News, \"The mid-to-late '90s saw a redoubling of the Equal Vision's hardcore efforts with such signings as One King Down and Ten Yard Fight. By the end of the '90s Equal Vision Records (EVR) found itself with an impressive stable of hardcore and punk bands, having added Bane, Trial, Converge and Saves the Day to its roster in the latter part of the decade.\"", "Q420341": "Martha Foley (March 21, 1897 \u2013 September 5, 1977) cofounded Story magazine in 1931 with her husband Whit Burnett. She achieved some celebrity by introducing notable authors through the magazine such as J. D. Salinger, Tennessee Williams and Richard Wright. In 1941 she became the series editor for The Best American Short Stories series.", "Q1144147": "Tweetie Pie is a 1947 Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Friz Freleng. Tweetie Pie was the first pairing of Sylvester and Tweety and won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, breaking Tom and Jerry's streak of four consecutive wins on the category.", "Q2472420": "Estrada (French: estrade) \u2014 originally, a kind of stage for performances. Now this term also means a kind of scenic art of small forms of mainly popular-entertaining direction, including such directions as singing, dance, circus on stage, illusionism, colloquial genre, parody, clownery. As a kind of cultural and economic activity, the Estrada is an integral part of show business.Artists performing in the Estrada genre are called Estrada Artist or Artist of Estrada.\nThe Russian estrada nowadays is a diverse group of artists representing both pop-song genre and other genres of theatrical art. Alla Pugacheva, Valery Leontiev, Sofia Rotaru, Philip Kirkorov, Oleg Gazmanov, Lev Leshchenko, Iosif Kobzon, vocal and instrumental ensembles, pop groups and rock bands represent the variety-song genre: \"Samotsvety\", \"Pesnyary\", \"Mashina Vremeni\" ,\"Zemlyane\",\" Aria \",\"Alice\",\"Mumiy Troll\", \"Zemfira\" and many others. The spoken genre is represented by such artists as Gennady Khazanov, Evgeny Petrosyan, Efim Shifrin, Victor Koklyushkin, Klara Novikova, Semyon Altov, Lion Izmailov, Mikhail Zadornov, Pavel Volya, Garik Martirosyan, the Urals pelmeni team, etc.\nFrom the musical-creative point of view (more specific) in Russia (the USSR) and North Korea, the term \"Estrada\" is also called a closed group of people whose speeches are broadcast exclusively on state TV. The so-called \"state actors\", that is, the performances of which are approved by the dominant party (CPSU, Juche Party). At the same time, all the rest can be strictly censored.\nThere are also Estrada theaters, for example, the Moscow Estrada Theater, the St. Petersburg Estrada Theater, the Kiev Estrada Theater. In such theaters, as a rule, the spoken genre predominates (for example, reprises and humoresks), as well as humorous and satirical plays and miniatures are staged.\nIn the press, writing about estrada performers and estrada stars, sometimes an allegorical classification is used, adding the title to the name of the estrada artist. For example, \"prima donna of the Russian estrada\", \"king of glamor\", \"king of Russian chanson\". Also, official honorary title, included in the system of state awards of the Russian Federation, as \"Honored Artist of Russia\" or \"People's Artist of Russia\" can often be added.", "Q1655563": "Ian Charter MacLaurin, Baron MacLaurin of Knebworth (born 30 March 1937) is a British businessman, who has been chairman of Vodafone and chairman and chief executive of Tesco. He is a former chairman of the England and Wales Cricket Board, a former president of the Marylebone Cricket Club and a former Chancellor of the University of Hertfordshire.\nHe was a Conservative member of the House of Lords from 1996 until his retirement in 2017.\n\n", "Q86953": "Emeric, also known as Henry or Imre (Hungarian: Imre, Croatian: Emerik, Slovak: Imrich; 1174 \u2013 30 November 1204), was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1196 and 1204. In 1184, his father, B\u00e9la III of Hungary, ordered that he be crowned king, and appointed him as ruler of Croatia and Dalmatia around 1195. Emeric ascended the throne after the death of his father. During the first four years of his reign, he fought his rebellious brother, Andrew, who forced Emeric to make him ruler of Croatia and Dalmatia as appanage.\nEmeric cooperated with the Holy See against the Bosnian Patarenes, whom the Catholic Church considered to be heretics. Taking advantage of a civil war, Emeric expanded his suzerainty over Serbia. He failed to prevent the Republic of Venice, which was assisted by crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, from seizing Zadar in 1202. He also could not impede the rise of Bulgaria along the southern frontiers of his kingdom. Emeric was the first Hungarian monarch to use the \"\u00c1rp\u00e1d stripes\" as his personal coat of arms and to adopt the title of King of Serbia. Before his death, Emeric had his four-year-old son, Ladislaus III, crowned king.", "Q1265657": "Su Song (simplified Chinese: \u82cf\u9882; traditional Chinese: \u8607\u980c; pinyin: S\u016b S\u00f2ng; Pe\u030dh-\u014de-j\u012b: So\u0358 Si\u014dng; courtesy name: Zirong \u5b50\u5bb9) (1020\u20131101 AD) was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman. Excelling in a variety of fields, he was accomplished in mathematics, astronomy, cartography, geography, horology, pharmacology, mineralogy, metallurgy, zoology, botany, mechanical engineering, hydraulic engineering, civil engineering, architecture, invention, art, poetry, philosophy, antiquities, and statesmanship during the Song Dynasty (960\u20131279).\nSu Song was the engineer for a hydro-mechanical astronomical clock tower in medieval Kaifeng, which employed the use of an early escapement mechanism. The escapement mechanism of Su's clock tower had been invented by Buddhist monk Yi Xing and government official Liang Lingzan in 725 AD to operate a water-powered armillary sphere, although Su's armillary sphere was the first to be provided with a mechanical clock drive. Su's clock tower also featured the oldest known endless power-transmitting chain drive, called the tian ti (\u5929\u68af), or \"celestial ladder\", as depicted in his horological treatise. The clock tower had 133 different clock jacks to indicate and sound the hours. Su Song's treatise about the clock tower, Xinyi Xiangfayao (\u65b0\u5100\u8c61\u6cd5\u8981), has survived since its written form in 1092 and official printed publication in 1094. The book has been analyzed by many historians, such as Joseph Needham. The clock itself, however, was dismantled by the invading Jurchen army in 1127 AD, and although attempts were made to reassemble it, the tower was never successfully reinstated.\nThe Xinyi Xiangfayao was Su's best-known treatise, but the polymath compiled other works as well. He completed a large celestial atlas of several star maps, several terrestrial maps, as well as a treatise on pharmacology. The latter discussed related subjects on mineralogy, zoology, botany, and metallurgy.\nEuropean Jesuit visitors to China like Matteo Ricci and Nicolas Trigault briefly wrote about Chinese clocks with wheel drives, but others mistakenly believed that the Chinese had never advanced beyond the stage of the clepsydra, incense clock, and sundial. They thought that advanced mechanical clockworks were new to China and that these mechanisms were something valuable that Europeans could offer to the Chinese. Although not as prominent as in the Song period, contemporary Chinese texts of the Ming Dynasty (1368\u20131644) described a relatively unbroken history of mechanical clocks in China, from the 13th century to the 16th. However, Su Song's clock tower still relied on the use of a waterwheel to power it, and was thus not fully mechanical like late medieval European clocks.\n\n", "Q92926": "An Wang (Chinese: \u738b\u5b89; pinyin: W\u00e1ng \u0100n; February 7, 1920 \u2013 March 24, 1990) was a Chinese\u2013American computer engineer and inventor, and co-founder of computer company Wang Laboratories, which was known primarily for its dedicated word processing machines. An Wang was an important contributor to the development of magnetic core memory.", "Q374239": "Daryl Karolat (born December 8, 1966) is a Canadian actor and retired professional wrestler, better known by the name Tyler Mane. He is known for playing Sabretooth in X-Men, Ajax in Troy, and Michael Myers in the remake of Halloween and its sequel Halloween II.", "Q698714": "Wendell Lewis Willkie (born Lewis Wendell Willkie; February 18, 1892 \u2013 October 8, 1944) was an American lawyer, corporate executive and the 1940 Republican nominee for President. Willkie appealed to many convention delegates as the Republican field's only interventionist: although the U.S. remained neutral prior to Pearl Harbor, he favored greater U.S. involvement in World War II to support Britain and other Allies. His Democratic opponent, incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt, won the 1940 election with about 55% of the popular vote and took the electoral college vote by a wide margin.\nWillkie was born in Elwood, Indiana, in 1892; both his parents were lawyers, and he also became one. He served in World War I but was not sent to France until the final days of the war, and saw no action. Willkie settled in Akron, Ohio, where he was initially employed by Firestone, but left for a law firm, becoming one of the leaders of the Akron Bar Association. Much of his work was representing electric utilities, and in 1929 Willkie accepted a job in New York City as counsel for Commonwealth & Southern Corporation (C&S), a utility holding company. He was rapidly promoted, and became corporate president in 1933. Roosevelt was sworn in as U.S. president soon after Willkie became head of C&S, and announced plans for a Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) that would supply power in competition with C&S. Between 1933 and 1939, Willkie fought against the TVA before Congress, in the courts, and before the public. He was ultimately unsuccessful, but sold C&S's property for a good price, and gained public esteem.\nA longtime Democratic activist, Willkie changed his party registration to Republican in late 1939. He did not run in the 1940 presidential primaries, but positioned himself as an acceptable choice for a deadlocked convention. He sought backing from uncommitted delegates, while his supporters\u2014many youthful\u2014enthusiastically promoted his candidacy. As German forces advanced through western Europe in 1940, many Republicans did not wish to nominate an isolationist like Thomas E. Dewey, and turned to Willkie, who was nominated on the sixth ballot over Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft. Willkie's support for aid to Britain removed it as a major factor in his race against Roosevelt, and Willkie also backed the president on a peacetime draft. Both men took more isolationist positions towards the end of the race. Roosevelt won an unprecedented third term, taking 38 of the 48 states.\nAfter the election, Willkie made two wartime foreign trips as Roosevelt's informal envoy, and as nominal leader of the Republican Party gave the president his full support. This angered many conservatives, especially as Willkie increasingly advocated liberal or internationalist causes. Willkie ran for the Republican nomination in 1944, but bowed out after a disastrous showing in the Wisconsin primary in April. He and Roosevelt discussed the possibility of forming, after the war, a liberal political party, but Willkie died in October 1944 before the idea could bear fruit. Willkie is remembered for giving Roosevelt vital political assistance in 1940, which allowed the president to aid Britain in its time of crisis.", "Q114561": "Anton Feichtner (born 1942 in Garching an der Alz, Germany) is a German television actor.", "Q700997": "Gemeinde Gaschurn-Partenen is a municipality in the district of Bludenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. The two largest villages are Gaschurn Dorf (population 1083 as of 2020-01-01) and Partenen (population 376 as of 2020-01-01).", "Q152534": "Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda (Spanish: [al\u02c8f\u027ee\u00f0o est\u027eoz\u02c8ne\u027e]; November 3, 1912 \u2013 August 16, 2006) was a Paraguayan Army officer who served as dictator of Paraguay from 1954 to 1989. He ascended to the position after leading an army coup in 1954. His 35-year-long rule, marked by an uninterrupted period of repression in his country, is the longest in modern South American history. Stroessner's rule is ranked 20th-longest among non-royal national leaders since 1900 and made him one of the world's longest-serving non-royal heads of state.\nIn 1954, he ousted Federico Ch\u00e1vez, becoming president after winning an election in which he was the sole candidate. As an anti-communist, Stroessner had the backing of the United States for most of his time in power. His supporters packed the legislature and ran the courts, and he ruthlessly suppressed all opposition. He kept his country in what he called a constant \"state of siege\" that overruled civil liberties, enforced a cult of personality, and tortured and killed political opponents. Membership in his Colorado Party was a prerequisite for job promotion, free medical care and other services. The constitution had to be modified in 1967 and 1977 to legitimize his six consecutive elections to the presidency. Stroessner provided exile for Nazi war criminals (including Josef Mengele) as well as overthrown dictators, such as Argentina's Juan Per\u00f3n and Nicaragua's Anastasio Somoza Debayle (later assassinated in Paraguay).\nIn 1988, he won an unprecedented eighth term on a majority, according to official figures, of over 89 percent of the registered vote. Less than a year later, he was overthrown in a military coup d'\u00e9tat led by his former confidant, General Andr\u00e9s Rodr\u00edguez, and forced into exile in Brazil, where he spent the last 17 years of his life. Following a bout of pneumonia, he tried to return to his homeland to die, but was rejected by the government. He died in Bras\u00edlia on August 16, 2006, of complications from a hernia operation.", "Q189330": "The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan, who co-wrote the screenplay with his brother Jonathan Nolan, and the story with David S. Goyer. Based on the DC Comics character Batman, the film is the final installment in Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy, and the sequel to The Dark Knight (2008). Christian Bale stars as Bruce Wayne / Batman, alongside Michael Caine, Gary Oldman, Anne Hathaway, Tom Hardy, Marion Cotillard, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and Morgan Freeman. Eight years after the events of The Dark Knight, merciless revolutionary Bane forces Bruce Wayne to resume his role as Batman and save Gotham City from nuclear destruction.\nChristopher Nolan was hesitant about returning to the series for a third film, but agreed after developing a story with his brother and Goyer that he felt would conclude the series on a satisfactory note. Nolan drew inspiration from Bane's comic book debut in the 1993 \"Knightfall\" storyline, the 1986 series The Dark Knight Returns, and the 1999 storyline \"No Man's Land\". Filming took place from May to November 2011 in locations including Jodhpur, London, Nottingham, Glasgow, Los Angeles, New York City, Newark, and Pittsburgh. Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras for much of the filming, including the first six minutes of the film, to optimize the quality of the picture. A vehicle variation of the Batplane and Batcopter termed the \"Bat\", an underground prison set, and a new Batcave set were created specifically for the film. As with The Dark Knight, viral marketing campaigns began early during production. When filming concluded, Warner Bros. refocused its campaign: developing promotional websites, releasing the first six minutes of the film, screening theatrical trailers, and sending out information regarding the film's plot.\nThe Dark Knight Rises premiered in New York City on July 16, 2012. The film was released in the United States and the United Kingdom on July 20, 2012. The film received positive reviews, with praise being directed toward the performances, action sequences, screenplay, direction, musical score, and emotional depth, with many critics deeming it a satisfying conclusion to the trilogy. The consensus at Rotten Tomatoes calls it \"ambitious, thoughtful, and potent\". The film grossed over $1 billion worldwide, making it the second film in the Batman film series to earn $1 billion. In addition to being Nolan's highest-grossing film, it became the seventh-highest-grossing film of all time, as well as the third-highest-grossing film of 2012.", "Q67207": "Eugen Levin\u00e9 (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435) (10 May 1883 \u2013 5 June 1919) was a German communist revolutionary and leader of the short-lived Bavarian Council Republic.\n\n", "Q228546": "Alphonse Daudet (French: [dod\u025b]; 13 May 1840 \u2013 16 December 1897) was a French novelist. He was the husband of Julia Daudet (Mastani) and father of Edm\u00e9e Daudet, and writers L\u00e9on Daudet and Lucien Daudet.", "Q71465": "Clara Emma Amalia Viebig (17 July 1860 \u2013 31 July 1952) was a German author.", "Q1368401": "Jerzy Petersburski (1895\u20131979) was a Jewish Polish pianist and composer of popular music, renowned mostly for his Tangos, some of which (such as To ostatnia niedziela, Ju\u017c nigdy and Tango Milonga) were milestones in popularization of the musical genre in Poland and are still widely known today, more than half a century after their creation.", "Q1406829": "Fernando Sancho Les (7 January 1916 \u2013 31 July 1990) was a Spanish actor.", "Q85282": "Christian August Brandis (13 February 1790 \u2013 21 July 1867) was a German philologist and historian of philosophy.", "Q4578297": "St. John's University (SJU) was an Anglican university in Shanghai. Founded in 1879 by American missionaries, it was one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in China, often regarded as the Harvard of China.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Communist government closed the university in 1952. Most of its faculty members, students and library collections were transferred to East China Normal University. Its Board of Governors moved the university to Hong Kong, founding Chung Chi College, a part of Chinese University of Hong Kong. Its campus is now used by East China University of Political Science and Law.", "Q154145": "Gabriel Honor\u00e9 Marcel (1889\u20131973) was a French philosopher, playwright, music critic and leading Christian existentialist. The author of over a dozen books and at least thirty plays, Marcel's work focused on the modern individual's struggle in a technologically dehumanizing society. Though often regarded as the first French existentialist, he dissociated himself from figures such as Jean-Paul Sartre, preferring the term philosophy of existence or neo-Socrateanism to define his own thought. The Mystery of Being is a well-known two-volume work authored by Marcel.", "Q61110": "Juris Alun\u0101ns (real name Gustavs Georgs Fr\u012bdrihs Alun\u0101ns; May 13, 1832 \u2013 April 18, 1864) was a Latvian writer and philologist in the Russian Empire. He was one of the first contributors of Latvian language. He was one of the members of the Young Latvia movement.Alun\u0101ns created about 500 neologisms, most of which quickly incorporated in the everyday Latvian language and are still used.\n\n", "Q1377247": "Jes\u00fas Polanco Guti\u00e9rrez, also known as Jes\u00fas de Polanco (November 7, 1929 \u2013 July 21, 2007) was a businessman from Spain who built one of the largest media empires in the world. In 2005, he was ranked 3rd richest person in Spain and at number 210 in Forbes World's Richest People list, and was number 258 in 2006.", "Q71303": "Werner Gro\u00dfmann (born 9 March 1929) is a former East German deputy leader of the Ministry for State Security (Stasi).\nBorn in Oberebenheit in Saxony, Grossman started his career as a bricklayer, but in 1952 he joined the Ministry for State Security where he studied political and military espionage. He rose rapidly in the ranks, being promoted to deputy division leader of military espionage in 1956 and becoming division leader in 1962.In 1983 he was promoted to deputy head of the General Reconnaissance Administration (HVA), the foreign espionage arm of the Stasi. In 1986 when Markus Wolf retired, Gro\u00dfmann was promoted to head of the HVA and deputy minister of state security. In 1989 he was awarded the rank of Generaloberst. When the Stasi was dissolved in 1990, Gro\u00dfmann, like all other members, lost his position. Grossmann appeared at several events organised by The Left political party.", "Q144430": "For the Dutch footballer named Willem (Wim) Kieft, see Wim KieftWillem Kieft (September 1597, Amsterdam \u2013 September 27, 1647) was a Dutch merchant and the Director of New Netherland (of which New Amsterdam was the capital) from 1638 to 1647.\n\n", "Q227113": "Zo\u00eb Kate Hinde Heller (born 7 July 1965) is an English journalist and novelist long resident in New York City. She has published three novels, Everything You Know (1999), Notes on a Scandal (2003), and The Believers (2008). Notes on a Scandal was shortlisted for the Booker Prize and was adapted for a feature film in 2006.", "Q279709": "Brasse Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m (real name Lars Erik Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m; 27 February 1945 \u2013 29 August 2014) was a Swedish actor and comedian.\nBr\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m attended Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm. In 1970, he gained fame alongside Magnus H\u00e4renstam and Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m, when they made their first television program Oj \u00e4r det redan fredag. During the 1980s, Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m managed Maximteatern in Stockholm with Magnus H\u00e4renstam, Lill Lindfors, and Aller Johansson in a company called Limabrall. He is also known for hosting the children's TV-program Fem myror \u00e4r fler \u00e4n fyra elefanter (with Magnus H\u00e4renstam & Eva Remaeus), which was popular and has been re-broadcast numerous times.\n\n", "Q102465": "Christian Wunderlich (born 12 July 1979 in Cologne) is a German actor, singer and songwriter. \u201cReal Good Moments\u201d, his debut album released on 6 September 1999, made him famous not only in Germany, but also in Switzerland. In 2001, he became a support act on some of 2001 \"Where Dreams Come True Tour\" by Irish pop vocal band Westlife. In 2009 he released his single: \u201cGelacht, um nicht zu weinen\u201d.", "Q1887014": "Malcolm Stevenson Forbes (August 19, 1919 \u2013 February 24, 1990) was an American entrepreneur most prominently known as the publisher of Forbes magazine, founded by his father B. C. Forbes. He was known as an avid promoter of capitalism and free market trade, and for an extravagant lifestyle, spending on parties, travel, and his collection of homes, yachts, aircraft, art, motorcycles, and Faberg\u00e9 eggs.", "Q1911062": "John Baker Saunders, Jr. (September 23, 1954 \u2013 January 15, 1999) was a founding member and bassist for the American grunge rock supergroup Mad Season, as well as a member of The Walkabouts.", "Q322719": "No\u00ebl Forgeard (born 8 December 1946 in La Fert\u00e9-Gaucher) is a French industrialist and former joint CEO of EADS.\n\n", "Q58791": "Richard Baer (9 September 1911 \u2013 17 June 1963) was a German SS commander who was the commandant of the Auschwitz I concentration camp from May 1944 to February 1945. As well as the commandant of Nordhausen-Dora from February 1945- April 1945. Following the war, Baer lived under an assumed name to avoid prosecution but was recognized and arrested in 1960. He died in detention before he could stand trial.", "Q77772": "Anne Will (born 18 March 1966) is a German television journalist and host of the eponymous political talk show. She was anchorwoman of the daily Tagesthemen news broadcast on ARD from 14 April 2001 until 24 June 2007.", "Q268604": "Rita Coolidge (born May 1, 1945) is an American recording artist. During the 1970s and 1980s, her songs were on Billboard magazine's pop, country, adult contemporary, and jazz charts, and she won two Grammy Awards with fellow musician and then-husband Kris Kristofferson. Her recordings include \"(Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher,\" \"We're All Alone\", and the theme song for the 1983 James Bond film Octopussy: \"All Time High\".", "Q256932": "Son Ye-jin (born Son Eon-jin on January 11, 1982) is a South Korean actress. She rose to fame in romance-themed films and television series such as The Classic (2003), Summer Scent (2003), A Moment to Remember (2004), and April Snow (2005). She has won acting recognition for her versatility in diverse genres, notably in Alone in Love (2006), My Wife Got Married (2008), The Pirates (2014) and the 2016 films The Truth Beneath and The Last Princess. She is also known for her lead roles in romance dramas such as Something in the Rain (2018) and Crash Landing on You (2019\u20132020).", "Q235517": "Beverly Sills (May 25, 1929 \u2013 July 2, 2007) was an American operatic soprano whose peak career was between the 1950s and 1970s.\nAlthough she sang a repertoire from Handel and Mozart to Puccini, Massenet and Verdi, she was known for her performances in coloratura soprano roles in live opera and recordings. Sills was largely associated with the operas of Donizetti, of which she performed and recorded many roles. Her signature roles include the title role in Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor, the title role in Massenet's Manon, Marie in Donizetti's La fille du r\u00e9giment, the three heroines in Offenbach's Les contes d'Hoffmann, Rosina in Rossini's The Barber of Seville, Violetta in Verdi's La traviata, and most notably Elisabetta in Roberto Devereux.\nThe New York Times noted, \"In her prime her technique was exemplary. She could dispatch coloratura roulades and embellishments, capped by radiant high Ds and E-flats, with seemingly effortless agility. She sang with scrupulous musicianship, rhythmic incisiveness and a vivid sense of text.\" NPR commented, her voice was \"Capable of spinning a seemingly endless legato line, or bursting with crystalline perfection into waves of dazzling fioriture and thrilling high notes.\" After retiring from singing in 1980, she became the general manager of the New York City Opera. In 1994, she became the chairwoman of Lincoln Center and then, in 2002, of the Metropolitan Opera, stepping down in 2005. Sills lent her celebrity to further her charity work for the prevention and treatment of birth defects.", "Q136918": "Aatos Juho Michel Erkko (16 September 1932 \u2013 5 May 2012) was a Finnish newspaper editor, newspaper publisher, and the main owner of the Sanoma Corporation and the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat, of which he was also the editor in chief.He was for many years the wealthiest person in Finland and directly or indirectly controlled 23.29% of the Sanoma Corporation's shares, whose value on 29 July 2009 was more than \u20ac453 million.", "Q1691521": "Joe Maphis, born Otis Wilson Maphis (May 12, 1921 \u2013 June 27, 1986), was an American country music guitarist. He married singer Rose Lee Maphis in 1953.\nOne of the flashiest country guitarists of the 1950s and 1960s, Joe Maphis was known as The King of the Strings. He was able to play many stringed instruments with great facility. However, he specialized in dazzling guitar virtuosity.", "Q814479": "Behesht-e Zahra (Persian: \u0628\u0647\u0634\u062a \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u200e, lit. The Paradise of Zahra, from Fatima az-Zahra) is the largest cemetery in Iran. Located in the southern part of metropolitan Tehran, it is connected to the city by Tehran Metro Line 1.", "Q306877": "Abby Dalton (born Gladys Marlene Wasden; August 15, 1932) is an American actress, known for her television roles on the sitcoms Hennesey (1959\u20131962) and The Joey Bishop Show (1962\u20131965), and the primetime soap opera Falcon Crest (1981\u20131986).", "Q161840": "Timofei Vladimirovich Sapronov (Russian: \u0422\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; 1887 \u2013 September 28, 1937) was a Russian revolutionary, Old Bolshevik and socialist militant.", "Q421739": "The National Distance Education University, known in Spanish as Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), is a distance learning and research university founded in 1972 and is the only university run by the central government of Spain. It has headquarters in Madrid, Spain, with campuses in all Spanish autonomous communities. In addition, there are 14 study centres, and 3 exam points, in 13 countries in Europe, Americas and Africa. The University awards undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, as well as non-degree qualifications such as diplomas and certificates, or continuing education units.\nUNED combines traditional onsite education with distance learning programs. With over 150.000 students, UNED is the largest university in Spain and the second largest in Europe.", "Q65376": "Christian August Vulpius (23 January 1762 \u2013 25 June 1827) was a German novelist and dramatist. His sister married the noted German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.\n\n", "Q150445": "Charles-Camille Saint-Sa\u00ebns (French: [\u0283a\u0281l kamij s\u025b\u0303 s\u0251\u0303(s)]; 9 October 1835 \u2013 16 December 1921) was a French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic era. His best-known works include Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso (1863), the Second Piano Concerto (1868), the First Cello Concerto (1872), Danse macabre (1874), the opera Samson and Delilah (1877), the Third Violin Concerto (1880), the Third (\"Organ\") Symphony (1886) and The Carnival of the Animals (1886).\nSaint-Sa\u00ebns was a musical prodigy; he made his concert debut at the age of ten. After studying at the Paris Conservatoire he followed a conventional career as a church organist, first at Saint-Merri, Paris and, from 1858, La Madeleine, the official church of the French Empire. After leaving the post twenty years later, he was a successful freelance pianist and composer, in demand in Europe and the Americas.\nAs a young man, Saint-Sa\u00ebns was enthusiastic for the most modern music of the day, particularly that of Schumann, Liszt and Wagner, although his own compositions were generally within a conventional classical tradition. He was a scholar of musical history, and remained committed to the structures worked out by earlier French composers. This brought him into conflict in his later years with composers of the impressionist and dodecaphonic schools of music; although there were neoclassical elements in his music, foreshadowing works by Stravinsky and Les Six, he was often regarded as a reactionary in the decades around the time of his death.\nSaint-Sa\u00ebns held only one teaching post, at the \u00c9cole de Musique Classique et Religieuse in Paris, and remained there for less than five years. It was nevertheless important in the development of French music: his students included Gabriel Faur\u00e9, among whose own later pupils was Maurice Ravel. Both of them were strongly influenced by Saint-Sa\u00ebns, whom they revered as a genius.", "Q1783657": "Simple Plan is a Canadian rock band from Montreal, Quebec formed in 1999. Since 2000, the band's lineup has consisted of Pierre Bouvier (lead vocals), Chuck Comeau (drums), Jeff Stinco (lead guitar), S\u00e9bastien Lefebvre (rhythm guitar, backing vocals), and David Desrosiers (bass guitar, backing vocals). The band has released five studio albums: No Pads, No Helmets...Just Balls (2002), Still Not Getting Any... (2004), Simple Plan (2008), Get Your Heart On! (2011), and Taking One for the Team (2016). The band has also released an EP titled Get Your Heart On \u2013 The Second Coming! (2013), in addition to two live albums: Live in Japan 2002 (2003) and MTV Hard Rock Live (2005).\nThe band performed at the Vans Warped Tour every year from 1999 to 2005, and in 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018. The band also performed at the 2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony, along with The X Factor Australia. In December 2012, the band performed at Mood Indigo, the college festival of IIT Bombay in Mumbai, India. In 2004, the band participated in the movie New York Minute, starring the Olsen twins, Mary-Kate and Ashley. Simple Plan also performed at the 2016 NHL Winter Classic.", "Q713733": "David Michael Sabo (born September 16, 1964), nicknamed \"The Snake\", is an American guitarist who plays in the American metal band, Skid Row. He is co-guitarist with Scotti Hill.", "Q15849": "Jos\u00e9 Manuel Dur\u00e3o Barroso (Portuguese: [\u0292u\u02c8z\u025b m\u0250\u02c8nw\u025bl du\u02c8\u027e\u0250\u0303w b\u0250\u02c8\u0281ozu]; born 23 March 1956) is a Portuguese politician and university teacher, currently serving as non-executive Chairman of Goldman Sachs International. He previously served as the 11th President of the European Commission and the 115th Prime Minister of Portugal.", "Q151983": "Pierre Jean Marie Laval (French pronunciation: \u200b[pj\u025b\u0281 laval]; 28 June 1883 \u2013 15 October 1945) was a French politician. During the time of the Third Republic, he served as Prime Minister of France from 27 January 1931 to 20 February 1932, and a second time from 7 June 1935 to 24 January 1936.\nA socialist early in his life, Laval became a lawyer in 1909 and was famous for his defense of strikers, trade unionists and leftists against government prosecution. In 1914, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the Socialist Party, and remained committed to his pacifist convictions during the First World War. Following his defeat in the 1919 election, Laval left the Socialist Party and became mayor of Aubervilliers. In 1924 he returned to the Chamber as an independent, and was elected to the Senate three years later. He also held a series of governmental positions, including Minister of Public Works, Ministry of Justice and Minister of Labour. In 1931, Laval became Prime Minister of France, but his government fell only a year later. \nLaval joined the right-wing government of Gaston Doumergue in 1934, serving as Minister of the Colonies and then Foreign Minister. In 1935, he again became Prime Minister. Seeking to contain Germany, Laval pursued foreign policies favourable to Italy and the Soviet Union, but his handling of the Abyssinia Crisis\u2014widely denounced as appeasement of Benito Mussolini\u2014prompted his resignation in 1936. Following France's defeat and armistice with Germany in 1940, Laval served in prominent roles in Philippe P\u00e9tain's Vichy Regime, first as the vice-president of the Council of Ministers from July 1940 to December 1940, and later as the head of government from April 1942 to August 1944. The collaborationist government provided French labourers for Germany, and organized the deportation of Jews who did not have French citizenship.After the liberation of France in 1944, Laval fled to Spain but was soon deported back to France, where he was arrested by the French government under General Charles de Gaulle. Laval was found guilty of plotting against the security of the State and collaboration with the enemy, and after a thwarted suicide attempt, he was executed by firing squad in October 1945. Laval's manifold political activities left a complicated and controversial legacy, resulting in more than a dozen conflicting biographies of him.", "Q106603": "Friedrich Spielhagen (24 February 1829 \u2013 25 February 1911) was a German novelist, literary theorist and translator. He tried a number of careers in his early 20s, but at 25 began writing and translating. His best known novel is Sturmflut and his novel In Reih' und Glied was quite successful in Russia.", "Q460003": "Ra\u00fal Alberto Cubas Grau (born August 23, 1943 in Asunci\u00f3n) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as the President of Paraguay from 1998 until 1999.", "Q331017": "To Catch a Thief is a 1955 American romantic thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, from a screenplay by John Michael Hayes based on the 1952 novel of the same name by David Dodge. The film stars Cary Grant as a retired cat burglar who has to save his reformed reputation by catching an imposter preying on the wealthy tourists of the French Riviera. Grace Kelly stars opposite him as his romantic interest in her final film with Hitchcock.\nIn May 2018, it was announced that Viacom was set to adapt the film as a Spanish-language television series. It was launched in October 2019 as Atrapa a un ladr\u00f3n (es).", "Q156020": "The State of the Teutonic Order (German: Staat des Deutschen Ordens; Latin: Civitas Ordinis Theutonici), also called Deutschordensstaat (German: [\u02c8d\u0254\u028ft\u0283 \u0254\u0250d\u0259ns\u02cc\u0283ta\u02d0t]) or Ordensstaat ([\u02c8\u0254\u0250d\u0259ns\u02cc\u0283ta\u02d0t]) in German, was a crusader state formed by the knights of the Teutonic Order during the 13th century Northern Crusades along the Baltic Sea. The state was based in Prussia after the Order's conquest of the Pagan Old Prussians. It expanded to include at various times Courland, Gotland, Livonia, Neumark, Pomerelia and Samogitia. Its territory was in the modern countries of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Sweden (Gotland). Most of the territory was conquered by military orders, after which German colonization occurred to varying effect.\nThe Livonian Brothers of the Sword controlling Terra Mariana were incorporated into the Teutonic Order as its autonomous branch Livonian Order in 1237. In 1346, the Duchy of Estonia was sold by the King of Denmark for 19,000 K\u00f6ln marks to the Teutonic Order. The shift of sovereignty from Denmark to the Teutonic Order took place on 1 November 1346.Following its defeat in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 the Teutonic Order fell into decline and its Livonian branch joined the Livonian Confederation established in 1422\u20131435. The Teutonic lands in Prussia were split in two after the Peace of Thorn in 1466. The western part of Teutonic Prussia was converted into Royal Prussia, which became a more integral part of Poland. The monastic state in the east was secularized in 1525 during the Protestant Reformation as the Duchy of Prussia, a Polish fief governed by the House of Hohenzollern. The Livonian branch continued as part of the Livonian Confederation until its dissolution in 1561.", "Q235503": "Laura Elizabeth Innes (born August 16, 1957) is an American actress and television director. She starred as Dr. Kerry Weaver in the NBC medical drama ER from 1995 to 2007 and reprised her role from 2008 to 2009 in the final season. She also starred as Sophia in the short-lived NBC thriller The Event from 2010 to 2011.", "Q110075": "Claus Victor Bock (7 May 1926 \u2013 5 January 2008) was a professor of German studies.\nIn the early 1950s, Bock studied with Ronald Peacock at the University of Manchester, attracted by the latter's research on H\u00f6lderlin, and obtained a PhD at Basle under Walter Muschg. After working briefly as an assistant lecturer at his alma mater, he became a lecturer at Queen Mary College, London (1958), then reader (1964), and finally professor of German, Westfield College, London (1969). Two of Bock's noted PhD students were Jeremy Adler and John Fletcher.", "Q357392": "A Fistful of Death (Italian: Gi\u00f9 la testa... hombre ) is a 1971 Italian Western film directed by Demofilo Fidani and starring Klaus Kinski.", "Q461309": "Doug Jones (born May 24, 1960) is an American actor, contortionist, and mime. He is best known for portraying non-human creatures, usually via heavy make-up and/or visual effects. He most notably collaborated with acclaimed filmmaker Guillermo del Toro, appearing in the films Mimic (1997), Hellboy (2004), Pan's Labyrinth (2006), Hellboy II: The Golden Army (2008), Crimson Peak (2015), and The Shape of Water (2017). \nJones' other roles include Hocus Pocus (1993), Tank Girl (1995), The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (2005), Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007), Absentia (2011), Ouija: Origin of Evil (2016), and The Bye Bye Man (2017). He has also appeared in the science fiction series Falling Skies (2013\u201315) and del Toro's horror series The Strain (2014\u201316). Since 2017, he has portrayed Commander Saru in the science fiction series Star Trek: Discovery.", "Q73500": "Philipp Mi\u00dffelder (25 August 1979 \u2013 13 July 2015) was a German politician and a member of the German Bundestag. From January through March 2014, he served in the German government as the Coordinator for Transatlantic Cooperation in the Field of Intersocietal Relations, Cultural and Information Policy.", "Q274239": "Nicoletta Machiavelli (1 August 1944 \u2013 15 November 2015), also known as Nicoletta Rangoni Machiavelli and Nicoletta Macchiavelli, was an Italian film actress.", "Q23337": "Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC) is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah, as well as the seat of Salt Lake County, the most populous county in Utah. With an estimated population of 200,591 in 2018, the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a population of 1,222,540 (2018 estimate). Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City\u2013Ogden\u2013Provo Combined Statistical Area, a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along a 120-mile (190 km) segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a population of 2,606,548 (as of 2018 estimates). It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin.Salt Lake City is the world headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The city was founded in 1847 by followers of the church, led by Brigham Young, who were seeking to escape persecution that they had experienced while living farther east. The Mormon pioneers, as they would come to be known, entered an arid valley and immediately began building, planning, and extending an extensive irrigation network which could feed the population and foster future growth. Salt Lake City's street grid system is based on a standard compass grid plan, with the southeast corner of Temple Square (the area containing the Salt Lake Temple in downtown Salt Lake City) serving as the origin of the Salt Lake meridian.\nDue to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was named Great Salt Lake City. In 1868, the 17th Utah Territorial Legislature dropped the word \"Great\" from the city's name.Immigration of international members of the church, mining booms, and the construction of the first transcontinental railroad initially brought economic growth, and the city was nicknamed the Crossroads of the West. It was traversed by the Lincoln Highway, the first transcontinental highway, in 1913. Two major cross-country freeways, I-15 and I-80, now intersect in the city. The city also had a belt route, I-215. Salt Lake City has developed a strong outdoor recreation tourist industry based primarily on skiing and outdoor recreation. Salt Lake City hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics. It is the industrial banking center of the United States.", "Q318485": "Jung Ji-hoon (Korean: \uc815\uc9c0\ud6c8, born June 25, 1982), better known by his stage name Rain (Korean \ube44 IPA ['pi\u02d0]), is a South Korean singer-songwriter, actor, and music producer.\nRain's musical career includes seven albums (six Korean, one Japanese), 28 singles and numerous concert tours around the world. He achieved breakthrough success with his third Korean album, It's Raining (2004), which spawned the number one single of the same name. The album sold a million copies in Asia, and established Rain as an international star.\nRain made his acting debut in the 2003 drama Sang Doo! Let's Go To School. His lead role in the pan-Asia hit drama Full House (2004) established his status as a Hallyu star. In 2008, Rain made his Hollywood debut in the film Speed Racer and starred in Ninja Assassin (2009), the latter of which made him the first Korean to win an MTV award.\nIn 2015, Rain set up his own company, R.A.I.N. Company.", "Q983705": "Viktor Ivanovich Anpilov (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043d\u043f\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432; 2 October 1945, in Belaya Glina, Krasnodar Krai \u2013 15 January 2018, in Moscow) was a Russian hardline Communist politician and trade unionist. \nAnpilov joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1972. He worked as a Soviet journalist in Latin America. Anpilov was very fluent in Spanish. \nIn 1990, Anpilov was nominated as candidate for the Congress of People's Deputies and Moscow city Soviet. As a candidate, he was reported to have maintained links with the ultranationalist Pamyat movement. After the dissolution of the USSR, Anpilov became the leader of the movement Labour Russia. \nDuring the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, he was one of the leaders of the anti-Boris Yeltsin uprising. \nIn 1999, his movement joined the coalition Stalin Bloc \u2013 For the USSR. \nIn 2007 he took part in the Dissenters March organized to protest against president Vladimir Putin policies. Anpilov was a well-known figure and he has a certain popularity; sometimes he was also invited as a guest on TV shows.\nOn the 2012 presidential election, he supported Vladimir Zhirinovsky's candidature.\nViktor Anpilov died in 2018. He had been in coma for the last three days of his life after a stroke.", "Q470204": "Clarence Halliday (Baltimore, July 23, 1898 \u2013 Dallas, March 1, 1937), also known as Clarence Holiday, was an American musician. He was the father of the singer Billie Holiday.", "Q75171": "Gustav Frenssen (19 October 1863 \u2013 11 April 1945) was a German novelist. He wrote patriotically about his native country and promoted Heimatkunst (regionalism) in literature.", "Q81796": "Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet, (; 9 May 1860 \u2013 19 June 1937) was a Scottish novelist and playwright, best remembered as the creator of Peter Pan. He was born and educated in Scotland and then moved to London, where he wrote a number of successful novels and plays. There he met the Llewelyn Davies boys, who inspired him to write about a baby boy who has magical adventures in Kensington Gardens (first included in Barrie's adult novel The Little White Bird), then to write Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up, a \"fairy play\" about an ageless boy and an ordinary girl named Wendy who have adventures in the fantasy setting of Neverland.\nAlthough he continued to write successfully, Peter Pan overshadowed his other work, and is credited with popularising the name Wendy. Barrie unofficially adopted the Davies boys following the deaths of their parents. Barrie was made a baronet by George V on 14 June 1913, and a member of the Order of Merit in the 1922 New Year Honours. Before his death, he gave the rights to the Peter Pan works to Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children in London, which continues to benefit from them.", "Q641075": "Confederate Railroad is an American country\u2013 band founded in 1987 in Marietta, Georgia, by Danny Shirley (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Michael Lamb (lead guitar), Mark Dufresne (drums), Chris McDaniel (keyboards), Warren \"Gates\" Nichols (steel guitar) and Wayne Secrest (bass guitar). After serving as a backing band for outlaw country acts David Allan Coe and Johnny Paycheck, the band signed to a recording contract with Atlantic Records, releasing their self-titled debut album that year. In the 1990s, they released four more albums for Atlantic.\nConfederate Railroad has released six studio albums. In addition, 18 of their singles have entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts.\nThe band's most recent studio album, Lucky to Be Alive, was issued on the D&B Masterworks label on July 15, 2016. The band released their first live album, Confederate Railroad Live: Back to the Barrooms, on the E1 Music label on June 15, 2010.", "Q28262": "Charles Joel Nordstr\u00f6m Kinnaman (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u01d4\u02d0\u025bl \u02c8k\u026a\u0302n\u02d0a\u02ccman]; born 25 November 1979) is a Swedish and American actor who first gained recognition for his roles in the Swedish film Easy Money and the Johan Falk crime series. Kinnaman is known internationally for his television roles as Detective Stephen Holder in AMC's The Killing, Takeshi Kovacs in the first season of Altered Carbon, and Governor Will Conway in the U.S. version of House of Cards. He has also played Alex Murphy in the 2014 RoboCop remake, and Rick Flag in the film adaptation of Suicide Squad (2016), based on the DC Comics anti-hero team of the same name. In 2019, Kinnaman starred in Hanna as Erik Heller and in For All Mankind as astronaut Ed Baldwin.", "Q76478": "Kirsten Caroline Dunst (; born April 30, 1982) is an American actress. She made her onscreen debut in the 1989 anthology film New York Stories, appearing in the segment Oedipus Wrecks directed by Woody Allen. At the age of twelve, Dunst gained widespread recognition as Claudia in Interview with the Vampire (1994), for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress. She appeared in Little Women the same year and in Jumanji the following year. She had starring roles in Sofia Coppola's 1999 The Virgin Suicides, Peter Bogdanovich's 2001 The Cat's Meow, and Crazy/Beautiful (2001).\nDunst achieved fame for her portrayal of Mary Jane Watson in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy (2002\u20132007). Since then, she has also played roles in Mona Lisa Smile (2003), Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004), Cameron Crowe's Elizabethtown (2005), the title role in Sofia Coppola's Marie Antoinette (2006), All Good Things (2010), On the Road (2012), Upside Down (2012), The Two Faces of January (2014), Midnight Special (2016), and The Beguiled (2017). \nIn 2011, she won Best Actress at Cannes for her acclaimed performance in Lars von Trier's Melancholia.\nIn 2015, Dunst starred as Peggy Blumquist on the second season of the television series Fargo. Her performance garnered critical acclaim, leading to her winning the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress, and being nominated for Golden Globe and Primetime Emmy awards.", "Q237314": "Lisa Marie Varon (n\u00e9e Sole; born February 10, 1971) is a retired American professional wrestler, fitness competitor, and bodybuilder best known for her time as a WWE Diva under the ring name Victoria and her time spent as an Impact Wrestling Knockout under the ring name Tara. Varon held both companies woman's championships on several different occasions.\nVaron began competing in fitness competitions and won ESPN2's Fitness America Series in 1997. In 1999, she placed second at a fitness event in New York City to earn her International Federation of BodyBuilders (IFBB) Professional Fitness Card.Through a chance meeting, Varon met World Wrestling Federation (WWF) performer Chyna, who encouraged her to become a professional wrestler. She trained in the WWF's developmental territories for three years before being moved to the main roster to compete full-time under the ring name Victoria. Her first television appearance came at WrestleMania 2000, where she portrayed one of The Godfather's \"hos\". She debuted in June 2002, and four months later she was pushed to win the WWE Women's Championship, a title she would go on to hold twice in her wrestling career. After leaving WWE in 2009, Varon debuted in TNA later that year as Tara. In TNA, she became a five-time TNA Knockouts Champion, making her a seven-time Women's Champion overall. She was also a one-time TNA Knockouts Tag Team Champion, with Brooke Tessmacher, collectively known as TnT.", "Q1065189": "Charles Kittel (July 18, 1916 \u2013 May 15, 2019) was an American physicist. He was a Professor at University of California, Berkeley from 1951 and was Professor Emeritus from 1978 until his death.", "Q199889": "Kumamoto (\u718a\u672c\u5e02, Kumamoto-shi) is the capital city of Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan.\nAs of June 1, 2019, the city has an estimated population of 738,907 and a population density of 1,893 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 390.32 km\u00b2.\nGreater Kumamoto (\u718a\u672c\u90fd\u5e02\u570f) had a population of 1,461,000, as of the 2000 census. As of 2010, Kumamoto Metropolitan Employment Area has a GDP of US$39.8 billion. It is not considered part of the Fukuoka\u2013Kitakyushu metropolitan area, despite their shared border. The city was designated on April 1, 2012 by government ordinance.", "Q70009": "Wenzel Jaksch (25 September 1896 \u2013 27 November 1966) was a Sudeten German Socialdemocrat politician and the President of the Federation of Expellees in 1964-66.", "Q231765": "Geelong () is a port city located on Corio Bay and the Barwon River, in the state of Victoria, Australia. Geelong is 75 kilometres (47 mi) south-west of the state capital, Melbourne. It is the second largest Victorian city, with an estimated urban population of 268,277 as of June 2018. Geelong runs from the plains of Lara in the north to the rolling hills of Waurn Ponds to the south, with Corio Bay to the east and the Barrabool Hills to the west. Geelong is the administrative centre for the City of Greater Geelong municipality, which covers urban, rural and coastal areas surrounding the city, including the Bellarine Peninsula.Geelong was named in 1827, with the name derived from the local Wathaurong Aboriginal name for the region, Djillong, thought to mean \"land\" or \"cliffs\" or \"tongue of land or peninsula\". Geelong City is also known as the 'Gateway City' due to its central location to surrounding Victorian regional centres like Ballarat in the north west, Torquay, Great Ocean Road and Warrnambool in the southwest, Hamilton, Colac and Winchelsea to the west, and the state capital of Melbourne in the north east.\nThe area was first surveyed in 1838, three weeks after Melbourne. The post office was open by June 1840 (the second to open in the Port Phillip District).\nThe first woolstore was erected in this period and it became the port for the wool industry of the Western District. During the gold rush, Geelong experienced a brief boom as the main port to the rich goldfields of the Ballarat district. The city then diversified into manufacturing, and during the 1860s, it became one of the largest manufacturing centres in Australia with its wool mills, ropeworks, and paper mills.It was proclaimed a city in 1910, with industrial growth from this time until the 1960s establishing the city as a manufacturing centre for the state, and the population grew to over 100,000 by the mid-1960s. During the city's early years, an inhabitant of Geelong was often known as a Geelongite, or a Pivotonian, derived from the city's nickname of \"The Pivot\", referencing the city's role as a shipping and rail hub for the area. Population increases over the last decade were due to growth in service industries, as the manufacturing sector has declined. Redevelopment of the inner city has occurred since the 1990s, as well as gentrification of inner suburbs, and currently has a population growth rate higher than the national average.Today, Geelong stands as an emerging health, education and advanced manufacturing hub. The city's economy is shifting quickly and despite experiencing the drawbacks of losing much of its heavy manufacturing, it is seeing much growth in other sectors, positioning itself as one of the leading non-capital Australian cities. It is home to the Geelong Football Club, the second oldest club in the Australian Football League.", "Q363037": "Vincent Michael Irizarry (born November 12, 1959) is an American actor. He was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award in 1985 and 2002, and won in 2009.", "Q104000": "Lauren Bacall (, born Betty Joan Perske; September 16, 1924 \u2013 August 12, 2014) was an American actress known for her distinctive voice and sultry looks. She was named the 20th-greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema by the American Film Institute and received an Academy Honorary Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2009 \"in recognition of her central place in the Golden Age of motion pictures\".Bacall began her career as a model before making her film debut as a leading lady in To Have and Have Not (1944) at the age of 19. She continued in the film noir genre with appearances with Humphrey Bogart in The Big Sleep (1946), Dark Passage (1947), and Key Largo (1948), and she starred in the romantic comedies How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) with Marilyn Monroe and Betty Grable, and Designing Woman (1957) with Gregory Peck. She co-starred with John Wayne in his final film The Shootist (1976) by Wayne's personal request. She also worked on Broadway in musicals, earning Tony Awards for Applause (1970) and Woman of the Year (1981). She won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Academy Award for her performance in The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996).", "Q17126274": "Houdini is a two-part, four-hour History channel event miniseries written by Nicholas Meyer and directed by Uli Edel. It premiered on September 1, 2014. The series stars Adrien Brody as Harry Houdini and features the life of the legendary illusionist and escape artist from poverty to worldwide fame.", "Q31733": "Pierre Garand (born 26 June 1972), known by his stage name Garou (a diminutive of his last name \"Garand\"), is a Canadian singer and actor from Sherbrooke, Quebec.\nHe is known for his work in the musical Notre-Dame de Paris (playing Quasimodo in both the original French and English casts) and the No. 1 hits \"Belle\", \"Seul\", \"Sous le vent\", and \"La Rivi\u00e8re de notre enfance\". He currently holds the SNEP record for most weeks at No. 1.", "Q77766": "Maria Ludwiga Michalk (born December 6, 1949) is a German politician. She was a member of the German Bundestag from 1990 to 1994 and from 2002 to 2017 as a member of the Christian Democratic Union party.", "Q104766": "Anita H\u00f6fer (born 1944) is a German film and television actress. She has also worked as a voice actress, dubbing foreign films for release in the German market.\n\n", "Q592295": "Margaret Gardiner (born 21 August 1959) is a South African journalist and beauty queen who is the winner of the Miss Universe 1978. She is the first South African woman to win the Miss Universe title. She was 18 years old when she won the pageant. After the 3 semi-final competitions, she entered the 5 finalists in 4th place, but ended up winning the pageant after answering the final question.\nDuring the event held in Acapulco, she received her crown from Janelle Commissiong, the first black titleholder of the pageant. She was the only Miss Universe titleholder from South Africa until Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters was crowned Miss Universe 2017.\nShe holds a BA in Psychology from the College of Charleston and the author of two books on health and beauty and attended St. George's Cathedral where Desmond Tutu preached. She is a member of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association that votes on and hosts the Golden Globes. She is now working as a print and television journalist in Los Angeles. She is married to Andre Nel, a professor of Pediatrics and Public Health at UCLA.", "Q77000": "Naphtali(-)Herz (Hartwig) Wessely, a.k.a. Naphtali(-)Hirz Wessely, also Wesel (Yiddish: \u05e0\u05e4\u05ea\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d9\u05e8\u05e5 \u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d6\u05e2\u05dc\u200e Vezel; born 1725, Hamburg \u2013 died February 28, 1805, Hamburg), was an 18th-century German Jewish Hebraist and educationist.", "Q270739": "Elif Shafak (Turkish: Elif \u015eafak, pronounced [e\u02c8lif \u0283a\u02c8fak]; born 25 October 1971) is a Turkish-British writer, storyteller, essayist, academic, public speaker, and women's rights activist. In English, she publishes under the anglicized spelling of her pen-name 'Elif Shafak'.Shafak writes in Turkish and English, and has published seventeen books, eleven of which are novels, including 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in this Strange World, The Bastard of Istanbul, The Forty Rules of Love, and Three Daughters of Eve. Her books have been translated into fiftyone languages, and she has been awarded Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.Shafak is an activist for women's rights, minority rights, and freedom of speech. She also writes and speaks about a range of issues including global and cultural politics, the future of Europe, Turkey and the Middle East, democracy, and pluralism. She has twice been a TED Global speaker, a member of the Weforum Global Agenda Council on Creative Economy and a founding member of European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR). In 2017, she was chosen by Politico as one of the twelve people that will \"give you a much needed lift of the heart\".", "Q152520": "Sophie Tucker (January 13, 1886 \u2013 February 9, 1966) was a Ukrainian-born American singer, comedian, actress, and radio personality. Known for her powerful delivery of comical and risqu\u00e9 songs, she was one of the most popular entertainers in America during the first half of the 20th century. She was widely known by the superlative nickname \"The Last of the Red Hot Mamas\".", "Q1139190": "Ned Bellamy (born May 7, 1957) is an American actor.\nBellamy was born in Dayton, Ohio. After graduating UCLA, he founded the Los Angeles-based theater company The Actors' Gang with fellow actor Tim Robbins.He was featured on a role on an episode of Seinfeld entitled \"The Fatigues\". He also played the role of Paul, an American-born German soldier, in a Season 8 episode of The Waltons. \nHis brother, Mark Bellamy, was the United States Ambassador to Kenya from 2003 until 2006.", "Q68120": "Frauenfeld is the capital of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.\nThe official language of Frauenfeld is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q125970": "Keigo Higashino (\u6771\u91ce \u572d\u543e, Higashino Keigo, born February 4, 1958) is a Japanese author chiefly known for his mystery novels. He served as the 13th President of Mystery Writers of Japan from 2009 to 2013. Higashino has won major Japanese awards for his books, almost twenty of which have been turned into films and TV series.", "Q39409": "Our Very Own is a 1950 American drama film directed by David Miller. The screenplay by F. Hugh Herbert focuses on a teenage girl who learns she was adopted as an infant. Ann Blyth, Farley Granger, and Jane Wyatt star in the film.", "Q3119439": "Manfred Reyes Villa (born April 19, 1954) is a Bolivian politician, businessman, and former military officer. He was elected mayor of the city of Cochabamba four consecutive times, and became the first elected Governor of the Department of Cochabamba from 2006 until 2008. He was the second runner in both for the Presidential elections of the Republic in 2002 and 2009.\n\n", "Q2574737": "Mohammad Reza Golzar (Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u06af\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0631\u200e, born March 31, 1977) is an Iranian actor, singer, television host and model.", "Q40874": "Doris May Lessing (n\u00e9e Tayler; 22 October 1919 \u2013 17 November 2013) was a British-Zimbabwean (Rhodesian) novelist. She was born to British parents in Iran, where she lived until 1925. Her family then moved to Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), where she remained until moving in 1949 to London, England. Her novels include The Grass Is Singing (1950), the sequence of five novels collectively called Children of Violence (1952\u20131969), The Golden Notebook (1962), The Good Terrorist (1985), and five novels collectively known as Canopus in Argos: Archives (1979\u20131983).\nLessing was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature. In awarding the prize, the Swedish Academy described her as \"that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny\". Lessing was the oldest person ever to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.In 2001, Lessing was awarded the David Cohen Prize for a lifetime's achievement in British literature. In 2008, The Times ranked her fifth on a list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\".", "Q102317": "Kielce ( KYELT-s\u0259, Polish: [\u02c8k\u02b2\u025blts\u025b] (listen)) is a city in south central Poland with 195,774 inhabitants. It has been the capital city of the \u015awi\u0119tokrzyskie Voivodeship (Holy Cross Province) since 1999, and was previously the capital of the predecessor Kielce Voivodeship (1919\u20131939, 1945\u20131998). The city is located in the middle of the \u015awi\u0119tokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), on the banks of the Silnica River, in the northern part of the historical Polish province of Lesser Poland.\nThe history of Kielce dates back over 900 years and the exact date when the town was founded remains unknown. Kielce was once an important centre of limestone mining and the vicinity is famous for its natural resources like copper, lead and iron, which, over the centuries, were exploited on a large scale. There are several fairs and exhibitions held in Kielce throughout the year; the city and its surroundings are also known for their historic architecture, green spaces and recreational areas such as the \u015awi\u0119tokrzyski National Park.\n\n", "Q583398": "Bel Canto is a Norwegian music duo, originally a trio, fronted by vocalist Anneli Drecker, and signed originally to Crammed Discs.", "Q172828": "Peter Broeker (born 15 May 1926 in Germany \u2013 died 4 November 1980 in Ottawa) was a racing driver from Canada. He participated in one World Championship Formula One Grand Prix, the 1963 United States Grand Prix, driving a Stebro. He finished seventh, albeit 22 laps down, and scored no championship points. According to the Toronto Star at the time: \"Broeker, first Canadian ever to compete in a world championship Formula One race in a Canadian-built car, finished seventh over-all despite giving away more than 80 horsepower to the rest of the field of 21.\"In 1973 Broeker wrote and published Olympic Coins: From Antiquity to the Present. He held US citizenship as well as Canadian.", "Q4909781": "Bill Kramer (born January 21, 1965) is an American politician, legislator, attorney, and businessman.\nBorn in Waukesha, Wisconsin, Kramer graduated from Waukesha South High School, He then graduated from University of Wisconsin\u2013Whitewater with a degree in accounting and received his law degree from Duke University. Kramer is the owner of an accounting business and has served in the Wisconsin State Assembly since 2007 as a Republican. In 2013, the Republican members of the Wisconsin Assembly named Kramer majority leader of the Wisconsin Assembly replacing Scott Suder who resigned.Kramer was removed from this position on March 4, 2014, following several allegations of sexual harassment. He was arrested in March, 2014 after a GOP staffer accused him of sexual assault. She alleged that Kramer had grabbed her breasts and groin after a Republican event at a bar in Muskego on April 8, 2011. Kramer pleaded not guilty to those charges.Kramer was sentenced to five months in jail, after pleading no contest to two charges of sexual assault with three years probation and was stripped of his Majority Leader status. He was allowed to finish out his term, but did not seek re-election.", "Q1592084": "Peter Wieland (stage name of Ralf Sauer; 6 July 1930 \u2013 2 March 2020) was a German singer.", "Q1267054": "Abu l-Hasan 'Ali Ibn Nafi' or Ziryab (789\u2013857; Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639, \u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u200e) was a singer, oud player, composer, poet, and teacher who lived and worked in Iraq, Northern Africa, and Andalusia of the medieval Islamic period. He was also known as a polymath, with knowledge in astronomy, geography, meteorology, botanics, cosmetics, culinary art and fashion. His nickname Ziryab comes from the Persian word for jay-bird \u0632\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0628, pronounced \"Ziryab\"; he is also known as Mirlo (blackbird) in Spanish. He was active at the Umayyad court of C\u00f3rdoba in Islamic Iberia. He first achieved notoriety at the Abbasid court in Baghdad, Iraq, his birthplace, as a performer and student of the great Persian musician and composer, Ishaq al-Mawsili. The Mawsili family was originally from the city of Kufa, Iraq.\nZiryab was a gifted pupil of Ishaq al-Mawsili, where Ziryab got his first lessons. He left Baghdad during the reign of the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun and moved to C\u00f3rdoba in southern Iberian Peninsula, where he was accepted as court musician in the court of Abd ar-Rahman II of the Umayyad Dynasty.\n\n", "Q106171": "Herbert Jobst (July 30, 1915 \u2013 June 28, 1990) was a German writer.", "Q265452": "Susannah Harker (born (1965-04-26)26 April 1965) is an English film, television, and theatre actor. She was nominated for a BAFTA TV Award in 1990 for her role as Mattie Storin in House of Cards. She is also known for her role as Jane Bennet in the 1995 TV adaptation of Pride and Prejudice.\nThe daughter of actress Polly Adams and actor Richard Owens, she is the sister of fellow actresses Nelly Harker and Caroline Harker.", "Q194413": "Pearl Harbor is a 2001 American romantic war drama film directed by Michael Bay, produced by Bay and Jerry Bruckheimer and written by Randall Wallace. It stars Ben Affleck, Kate Beckinsale, Josh Hartnett, Cuba Gooding Jr., Tom Sizemore, Jon Voight, Colm Feore, and Alec Baldwin. The film presented a heavily fictionalized version of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, focusing on a love story set amidst the lead up to the attack, its aftermath, and the Doolittle Raid.\nThe film was a box office success, earning $59 million in its opening weekend and, in the end, nearly $450 million worldwide, but received generally negative reviews from critics, who criticized the story, screenplay and dialogue, pacing, performances and historical inaccuracies. It was nominated for four Academy Awards, winning in the category of Best Sound Editing. However, it was also nominated for six Golden Raspberry Awards, including Worst Picture. This marked the first occurrence of a Worst Picture-nominated film winning an Academy Award.", "Q65404": "Jenins (Romansh: Gianin) is a municipality in the Landquart Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q275641": "Julie Driscoll Tippetts (born 8 June 1947) is an English singer and actress.", "Q845622": "Hiroshi Mori (\u68ee \u535a\u55e3, Mori Hiroshi, born December 7, 1957) is a Japanese writer and engineer. He is famous for writing mystery novels \u2013 particularly his debut work The Perfect Insider, which won him the first Mephisto Prize in 1996 \u2013 but he considers himself to be a researcher as well as craftsman.\nHe insists his name to be written and called \"MORI Hiroshi,\" family name first and uppercased, regardless of the language when romanized.", "Q131905": "Benjamin Baker Moeur (December 22, 1869 \u2013 March 16, 1937) was the fourth governor of Arizona, one of the United States of America.\nBorn in Decherd, Tennessee, Moeur was a medical doctor before running for public office. He is credited with having delivered most of the babies born in Tempe for 36 years.\nHis pre-gubernatorial positions included service as the Secretary of the Board of Education for Arizona State Teacher's College (the precursor to Arizona State University) in Tempe.\nDuring Moeur's governorship, he mobilized the Arizona National Guard to stop the construction on Parker Dam, which was being built primarily to divert more water to the Los Angeles area. The mobilization was partly an embarrassment, as the troops arrived via an antiquated steamboat, which became stranded. Its troops were rescued by workers from California working at the dam. Moeur's primary motive, however, was later vindicated by the United States Supreme Court when it ruled that California and the Bureau of Reclamation were constructing Parker Dam illegally because the dam had never been properly authorized. Subsequent legislation rectified this error and construction continued apace.\nMoeur left office in 1937 and died 71 days later in Tempe, where he is buried at the Double Butte Cemetery.\nIn 1939, as a WPA project, Tempe Normal School (later known as Arizona State University) constructed the B. B. Moeur Activity Building on the main Tempe campus. The building was originally the women's activity center, later being remodeled and used as the university's admissions office. The building now houses the Mars Space Flight Facility, a NASA-funded research center directed by Dr. Phil Christensen.\nDr. Moeur has been honored since 1901 by the now Arizona State University via the Moeur Award. The Moeur Award is given to the student or students with the highest academic standing in terms of GPA, and is thus also considered the equivalent to a Valedictorian Award (which is not directly offered by Arizona State).", "Q368604": "Barat Habib gizi Shakinskaya (Azerbaijani: Barat H\u0259bib q\u0131z\u0131 \u015e\u0259kinskaya; 28 June 1914 \u2013 14 January 1999) was an Azerbaijani and Soviet stage and film actress.\n\n", "Q273230": "Brigid Mary Bazlen (June 9, 1944 \u2013 May 25, 1989) was an American film, television and stage actress. Although she made only three Hollywood films, The Honeymoon Machine, King of Kings, and How the West Was Won, she is still remembered for the latter two. Bazlen retired from acting while she was in her late 20s (1972), and she died from cancer at the age of 44.", "Q110713": "Klaus Dieter Breitschwert (born 21 April 1943) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nHe represents Ansbach in the Landtag of Bavaria.", "Q86947": "Richard (von) Schaukal (27 May 1874 in Brno \u2013 10 October 1942 in Vienna) was a Moravia-born Austrian poet.", "Q762860": "\u015e\u00fckr\u00fc G\u00fclesin (September 14, 1922 \u2013 July 10, 1977) was a Turkish football player and sports journalist. Almost two meters tall, he was a strong and quick striker, as well as a free kick and penalty specialist, and played for Be\u015fikta\u015f, Palermo, and Lazio throughout his career. He scored a total of 226 goals in his entire career, of which 32 came directly by corner kicks (without an assist), more than any other footballer before or since.He died in 1977 of heart failure.", "Q159475": "Cornelia Maria \"Corry\" Brokken (3 December 1932 \u2013 31 May 2016) was a Dutch singer. In 1957, she was the first Dutch winner of the Eurovision Song Contest, one of the high points in a long career as a singer and entertainer in the 1950s and 1960s, during which she scored a number of hits and sang in the popular Sleeswijk Revue with Snip en Snap, and had her own television show. She ended her career in 1976 to study law, and became an attorney and then a judge. Brokken wrote an autobiography, and in the 1990s returned to the public eye, writing a weekly column and again performing and recording.", "Q332250": "Georges Jean Painvin (French: [\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 p\u025b\u0303v\u025b\u0303]; 28 January 1886 \u2013 21 January 1980) was a French cryptanalyst during the First World War. His most notable achievement was the breaking of the ADFGVX cipher in June 1918.\nBefore the First World War, Painvin taught paleontology and geology as well as playing the cello as a hobby. He performed cryptanalytic work for the French army after a chance encounter with a member of the French Bureau de Chiffre.\nIn June 1918, the German army was preparing for a final push to cover the 100 kilometres that separated it from Paris. The Allies needed to know where the German attack would come. Painvin managed to break an ADFGVX enciphered message, which read: \"Rush munitions. Even by day if not seen.\" This message indicated where the German offensive was to take place, and the allies managed to defeat the German attack. In attempting to break the ADFGVX cipher Painvin lost 15 kg in weight.\nAfter the war, he returned to teaching and became president of several companies, as well as of the Paris Chamber of Commerce. He was made a chevalier of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur, but was unable to speak about it for many years because of the secrecy that surrounded his work. He died in 1980.", "Q1440698": "Fran Frey (December 23, 1903 in Indiana - December 1, 1962 in California) was a singer and saxophonist best known for his work for George Olsen and His Music in the 1920s and early 1930s. Among his better known songs are \"The Varsity Drag\" of 1927; \"Big City Blues\" of 1929, and \"A Garden in the Rain\", also of 1929. Frey sang on 77 songs with the George Olsen band on recordings and on the radio. \"Who?\" sold more than a million copies.Frey was heard on the Oldsmobile Program on CBS radio in 1933.Although he played for several other bands after Olsen's, including Victor Young's, he never achieved the level of fame he had in earlier years.Frey died of a heart attack in his home on December 2, 1962 at the age of 58. At the time of his death, he was writing music for the Ice Capades and for Columbia Pictures.", "Q1262104": "G\u00fcnter Pichler (born 9 September 1940) is an Austrian violinist, teacher and conductor. He was the 1st violin in the Alban Berg Quartett.", "Q283699": "Hatchet for the Honeymoon (Italian: Il rosso segno della follia, lit. 'The Red Sign of Madness') is a 1970 giallo film directed by Mario Bava and starring Stephen Forsyth, Dagmar Lassander, Laura Betti, and Femi Benussi. The story follows John Harrington, a hatchet-wielding madman who murders young brides in an effort to recall a childhood trauma.\nThe film's production was troubled, with tensions among the cast and crew, location difficulties, a major subplot concerning Harrington's relationship with his wife being added solely to accommodate Betti's casting, and a significant hiatus in filming when the budget ran out. It was not released until a year after it was completed, and was largely ignored by both critics and audiences, remaining one of Bava's most obscure films even after his work achieved cult popularity.", "Q191543": "Terminator Salvation is a 2009 American military science fiction action film directed by McG and written by John Brancato and Michael Ferris. It is the fourth installment of the Terminator film series and a standalone sequel to 2003's Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines. The film stars Christian Bale and Sam Worthington, with Anton Yelchin, Moon Bloodgood, Bryce Dallas Howard, Common, Michael Ironside, and Helena Bonham Carter in supporting roles. In a departure from the previous installments, Salvation is a post-apocalyptic film set in the year 2018. It focuses on the war between Skynet's machine network and humanity, as the remnants of the world's military have united to form the Resistance to fight against Skynet's killing machines. Bale portrays John Connor, a Resistance fighter and central character, while Worthington portrays cyborg Marcus Wright. Yelchin plays a young Kyle Reese, a character first introduced in The Terminator, and the film depicts the origins of the T-800 Terminator.\nAfter a troubled pre-production, with The Halcyon Company acquiring the rights from Andrew G. Vajna and Mario Kassar, and several writers working on the screenplay, filming began in May 2008 in New Mexico, and ran for 77 days. Terminator Salvation was released on May 21, 2009 by Warner Bros. Pictures in North America and by Columbia Pictures internationally, and grossed over $371 million worldwide and received mixed reviews. \nSalvation was intended to be the first installment of a second Terminator trilogy, set mainly in the future war and culminating in Skynet's defeat, with Bale, Yelchin, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Robert Patrick reprising their roles from previous films. However, the direct sequels were canceled, and were later published in a comic-book series from 2013\u20132014 as Terminator Salvation: The Final Battle. The film Terminator Genisys, released in 2015, was intended to be a reboot, the first of a new trilogy. Those plans were scrapped, and in 2019, Terminator: Dark Fate continued the original saga as a direct sequel to Terminator 2: Judgment Day.\n\n", "Q68108": "Beatenberg is a municipality in the Interlaken district of the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q70747": "Curio is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q381924": "Jean Prouv\u00e9 (8 April 1901 \u2013 23 March 1984) was a French metal worker, self-taught architect and designer. Le Corbusier designated Prouv\u00e9 a constructeur, blending architecture and engineering. Prouv\u00e9's main achievement was transferring manufacturing technology from industry to architecture, without losing aesthetic qualities. His design skills were not limited to one discipline. During his career Jean Prouv\u00e9 was involved in architectural design, industrial design, structural design and furniture design.", "Q66125": "Neuenegg is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q153616": "Tangerine Dream is a German electronic music band founded in 1967 by Edgar Froese. The group has seen many personnel changes over the years, with Froese having been the only continuous member until his death in January 2015. The best-known lineup of the group was its mid-'70s trio of Froese, Christopher Franke, and Peter Baumann. In the late 1970s, Johannes Schmoelling replaced Baumann. Since Froese's death in 2015, the group has been under the leadership of Thorsten Quaeschning (Froese's chosen successor and the current longest-serving band member, having joined in 2005). He is joined by violinist Hoshiko Yamane who joined in 2011 and Ulrich Schnauss who joined in 2014.\nTangerine Dream are considered pioneers of the early days of electronica. Their work with the electronic music Ohr label produced albums that had a pivotal role in the development of the German musical scene known as kosmische (\"cosmic\"). Their \"Virgin Years\", so called because of their association with Virgin Records, produced albums that further explored synthesizers and sequencers, including the UK top 20 albums Phaedra (1974) and Rubycon (1975). The group also had a successful career composing film soundtracks, creating over 60 scores, which include those for the films Sorcerer, Thief, Risky Business, The Keep, Firestarter, Legend, Three O'Clock High, Near Dark, Shy People, and Miracle Mile.\nFrom the late 1990s into the 2000s, Tangerine Dream continued to explore other styles of instrumental music as well as electronica. Their recorded output has been prolific, including over one hundred albums. Among other scoring projects, they helped create the soundtrack for the video game Grand Theft Auto V. Their mid-1970s work has been profoundly influential in the development of electronic music styles such as new age (although the band themselves disliked the term) and electronic dance music.\nTheir most recent album of all-new music, Quantum Gate, was released on 29 September 2017. In December 2019, the band released Recurring Dreams, a compilation of new recordings of some of the band's classic compositions.", "Q276360": "Ralf Mackenbach (born 4 October 1995) is a Dutch singer, dancer and musical artist who won the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Kiev, Ukraine on 21 November 2009. He earned 121 points with the song Click Clack, which was written by Ralf's neighbor.\nHe released his debut album RALF in September 2010.", "Q230335": "Kathryn Ann Sackhoff (born April 8, 1980) is an American actress known for playing Lieutenant Kara \"Starbuck\" Thrace on the Sci Fi Channel's television program Battlestar Galactica (2004\u20132009) and for voicing Bitch Pudding on Robot Chicken (2005-present). She was nominated for four Saturn Awards for her work on Battlestar Galactica and won the award for Best Supporting Actress on Television in 2005.\nSackhoff also starred in the short-lived TV series The Fearing Mind (2000\u20132001) and The Education of Max Bickford (2001\u20132002); had recurring roles in the TV series Bionic Woman (2007), Nip/Tuck (2009), CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2010\u20132011) and Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2012\u20132013); and had a lead role in the eighth season of 24 as Dana Walsh (2010). She voices several characters, including Bitch Pudding, on Adult Swim's stop-motion animated series Robot Chicken. Between 2012 and 2017, she starred in the A&E and Netflix series Longmire as Deputy Sheriff Victoria \"Vic\" Moretti before recurring on The Flash as Amunet and appearing twice as herself on The Big Bang Theory.\nShe had lead roles in the films Halloween: Resurrection (2002), White Noise: The Light (2007), Batman: Year One (2011), The Haunting in Connecticut 2: Ghosts of Georgia, Sexy Evil Genius, Riddick, Oculus (2013) and Don't Knock Twice (2016).", "Q69216": "K\u00fcsnacht is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q76336": "Nikolaus Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf (26 May 1700 \u2013 9 May 1760) was a German religious and social reformer, bishop of the Moravian Church, founder of the Herrnhuter Br\u00fcdergemeine, Christian mission pioneer and a major figure of 18th century Protestantism.\nHe played a role in starting the Protestant mission movement by supporting two determined Moravian missionaries Johann Leonhard Dober and David Nitschmann to go to the Danish colony of Saint Thomas via Copenhagen to minister to the enslaved population (see Moravian slaves). Zinzendorf was critical of slavery and supported the first Moravian missionaries who in spite of Danish royal support from Charlotte Amalie of Denmark faced discouragement from some Moravians at Herrnhut (including Christian David), the Danish West India Company, Saint Thomas planters, the risk of getting malaria and the slaves themselves.\nBorn at Dresden, Zinzendorf was often influenced by strong and vehement feelings, and he was easily moved both by sorrow and joy. He was a natural orator, and though his dress was simple his personal appearance gave an impression of distinction and force. His projects were often misunderstood. In 1736, he was banished from Saxony, but in 1749 the government rescinded its decree and begged him to establish within its jurisdiction more settlements like that at Herrnhut.\nHe was notable for providing shelter for the German-speaking Moravian exiles at Herrnhut. This settlement was influenced by his Pietist ideas from the Lutheran faith he was brought up in. Nowadays, the Moravian Church remains heavily shaped by Zinzendorf, in addition to its Hussite origin. He was called Ludwig or Brother Ludwig by his intimates. He is commemorated as a hymnwriter and a renewer of the church by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America on their Calendar of Saints and on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on 10 May.", "Q125780": "Do\u011fan Akhanl\u0131 (born 1957 in \u015eav\u015fat) is a Turkish-German writer. Since the 1990s he has lived in Cologne.\nHis work centers around the major genocides of the 20th century, the systematic extermination of the Armenians and the Jews. Critics also praise him for his storytelling and his engagement in human rights work. In general they praise him for his engagement and in particular they praise him for his work with Turkish dissidents. His political point of view has led to several arrests.", "Q79005": "Adolf Anton Wilhelm Wohlbr\u00fcck (19 November 1896 \u2013 9 August 1967) was an Austrian actor who settled in the United Kingdom under the name Anton Walbrook. A popular performer in Austria and pre-war Germany, he left in 1936 out of concerns for his own safety and established a career in British cinema. Walbrook is perhaps best known for his roles in The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp and The Red Shoes.", "Q220126": "Zoo in Budapest is a 1933 American Pre-Code film directed by Rowland V. Lee and starring Loretta Young, Gene Raymond, O.P. Heggie, and Paul Fix. Original 35mm prints of the film contained sequences tinted amber or blue.", "Q266173": "Holly Black n\u00e9e Riggenbach (born November 10, 1971) is an American writer and editor best known for The Spiderwick Chronicles, a series of children's fantasy books she created with writer and illustrator Tony DiTerlizzi, and a trilogy of Young Adult novels officially called the Modern Faerie Tales trilogy. Her 2013 novel Doll Bones was named a Newbery Medal honor book.", "Q1091020": "The Ch\u00f6pfenberg (1,896 m) is a mountain of the Schwyzer Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Schwyz and Glarus. It lies on the range north of the Mutteristock, between the valleys of the W\u00e4gitalersee and the Linth.", "Q3328660": "Middle of the road (also known by its acronym MOR) is a commercial radio format and popular music genre. Music associated with this term is strongly melodic and uses techniques of vocal harmony and light orchestral arrangements. The format was eventually rebranded as soft adult contemporary.\n\n", "Q62343": "Michaele Schreyer (born 9 August 1951 in Cologne) was a European Commissioner from September 1999 to November 2004, holding the budget portfolio. A citizen of Germany, she is a member of the German Green Party.", "Q1026932": "California State University, Los Angeles (Cal State LA) is a public university in Los Angeles, California. It is part of the 23-campus California State University (CSU) system. Cal State LA offers 129 bachelor's degrees, 112 master's degrees, and four doctoral degrees: a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) in special education in collaboration with the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), a Doctor of Education (Ed.D) in Educational Leadership, a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) and a Doctor of Audiology (AuD). It also offers 22 teaching credentials.In Fall 2018 Cal State LA was the 5th most applied-to CSU campus for incoming freshmen and had the 5th lowest admit rate. Cal State LA has a student body of 26,361 as of fall 2019, with undergraduates numbering 22,626, primarily from the greater Los Angeles area, as well as 245,000 alumni. Cal State LA operates on the semester system with two semesters, each 15 weeks in duration per year: in the fall of 2016, the university changed to the semester system as part of a system-wide conversion of all quarter campuses. Cal State LA is organized into nine colleges that house a total of four schools and approximately 50 academic departments, divisions and interdisciplinary programs offering a variety of majors. The Early Entrance Program (EEP) in the Honors College for gifted students as young as 11 is the only one of its kind in the United States in promoting a direct transitional scheme from middle and high school to college without intermediary remedial education. Cal State LA is a Hispanic-serving institution.\n\nThe 175-acre (71 ha) hilltop campus core is home to the nation's first Charter College of Education, a NASA-funded SPACE program, Rockefeller-supported humanities center, and a National Science Foundation-funded environmental research center. Cal State LA is home to the critically acclaimed Luckman Jazz-Orchestra.\nIt is also home to two high schools: the Marc and Eva Stern Math and Science School and the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts (LACHSA), the only arts high school in Los Angeles that allows students from any district within Los Angeles County to attend.", "Q214283": "Alois Friedrich von Br\u00fchl (Polish: 'Alojzy Fryderyk Bruhl'; 31 July 1739 Dresden \u2013 30 January 1793 Berlin) was a Polish-Saxon diplomat, politician, Freemason, soldier, actor and playwright.\n\n", "Q330447": "James Rado (born James Alexander Radomski; January 23, 1932) is an American actor, playwright, director, writer and composer, best known as the co-author, along with Gerome Ragni, of the 1967 musical Hair. He and Ragni were nominated for the 1969 Tony Award for best musical, and they won for best musical at the 11th Annual Grammy Awards.\n\n", "Q328208": "Piranha 3DD is a 2012 American 3D horror film. A sequel to the 2010 film Piranha 3D, it is part of the Piranha film series and was directed by John Gulager from a screenplay by Marcus Dunstan and Patrick Melton. It stars Danielle Panabaker, Matt Bush, David Koechner, Chris Zylka, Katrina Bowden, Gary Busey, Christopher Lloyd and David Hasselhoff.\nProduction began on April 27, 2011 with a release scheduled for November 23, 2011, but a month prior to release, the date was revised, and the film was eventually released in the United Kingdom on May 11, 2012, and the United States on June 1, 2012.", "Q34105": "Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (4 May 1928 \u2013 25 February 2020) was an Egyptian military and political leader who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011.\nBefore he entered politics, Mubarak was a career officer in the Egyptian Air Force. He served as its commander from 1972 to 1975 and rose to the rank of air chief marshal in 1973. He assumed the presidency after President Anwar Sadat's assassination in 1981. Mubarak's presidency lasted almost thirty years, making him Egypt's longest-serving ruler since Muhammad Ali Pasha, who ruled the country for 43 years from 1805 to 1848. Mubarak stepped down during the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 after 18 days of demonstrations. On 11 February 2011, former Vice President Omar Suleiman announced that Mubarak and he had resigned as president and vice president respectively and transferred authority to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces.On 13 April 2011, a prosecutor ordered Mubarak and both of his sons (Alaa and Gamal) to be detained for 15 days of questioning about allegations of corruption and abuse of power. Mubarak was then ordered to stand trial on charges of negligence for failing to halt the killing of peaceful protesters during the revolution. These trials began on 3 August 2011. On 2 June 2012, an Egyptian court sentenced Mubarak to life imprisonment. After sentencing, he was reported to have suffered a series of health crises. On 13 January 2013, Egypt's Court of Cassation (the nation's high court of appeal) overturned Mubarak's sentence and ordered a retrial. On retrial, Mubarak and his sons were convicted on 9 May 2015 of corruption and given prison sentences. Mubarak was detained in a military hospital and his sons were freed 12 October 2015 by a Cairo court. He was acquitted on 2 March 2017 by the Court of Cassation and released on 24 March 2017.Mubarak died on 25 February 2020, aged 91. He received a military burial at a family plot outside Cairo.", "Q72150": "Isaac (Yitzhak) R\u00fclf (February 10, 1831 \u2013 September 18, 1902) was a Jewish teacher, journalist and philosopher. He became widely known for his aid work and as a prominent early Zionist.\nR\u00fclf was born in Rauischholzhausen, Hesse, Germany. He received a teaching certificate in 1849, became an assistant to the county rabbi and then taught in other small communities. He received his rabbinical certificate in 1854 from the University of Marburg and his Ph.D in 1865 at the University of Rostock. That year he became the rabbi of Memel, East Prussia.R\u00fclf first found fame for his part in the 'Jankel Widutzky case' in which an English minister attempted to convert Widutzky, a Jewish youth, in Memel. R\u00fclf attacked the missionary in the article Jankel Widutzky, der den H\u00e4nden der Judenbekehrungs Mission entzogene Knabe (1867), sparking indignation in Germany. Widutzky was thus not converted and entered Rabbinical college.", "Q1664782": "L'Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes cin\u00e9matographiques (IDHEC; the \"Institute for Advanced Cinematographic Studies\") is a French film school, founded during World War II under the leadership of Marcel L'Herbier who was its president from 1944 to 1969. IDHEC offered training for directors and producers, cameramen, sound technicians, editors, art directors and costume designers. It became highly influential, and many prominent film-makers received their training there including Paulo Rocha, Louis Malle, Alain Resnais, Claire Denis, Peter Lilienthal, Volker Schl\u00f6ndorff, Andrzej \u017bu\u0142awski, Jean-Jacques Annaud, Claude Sautet, Nelson Pereira dos Santos, Patrice Leconte, Costa Gavras, Theo Angelopoulos, Omar Amiralay, Rithy Panh, Arnaud Desplechin, Claude Miller, Alfonso Gumucio Dagron Christopher Miles and Pascale Ferran.It was reorganized between 1986 and 1988 and renamed La F\u00e9mis.", "Q337328": "Lieutenant general Giovanni Cavalli (Novara, 23 July 1808 \u2013 Turin, 23 December 1879) was an Italian soldier, artillerist and inventor. He is credited with the creation of the first successful rifled breech loader gun.\nHe entered the Royal Academy of Turin in 1818, and graduated from it in 1828 as first of his class, with the rank of lieutenant. He worked on ways to reform and improve the work of artillerist and pontoneers, detailing proposals to change size and duties of gun crews, the procedures to drill them, among others.\nThen-captain Cavalli's first design for a breech-loading gun dated from 1832, but initially it was met with indifference; only in 1843 his proposal sparked some interest, and he was sent to Sweden to oversee the construction of an experimental rifled gun to his specifications. He met there and collaborated with Baron Martin von Wahrendorff, and in 1846 the first trials with the gun met with resounding success.\nHe fought in the First War of Italian Independence with the rank of major, participating in the siege of Peschiera del Garda; he also served in a similar capacity in the Second Italian War of Independence, as a colonel. Afterwards, he became director of the foundry of the Turin arsenal.\nPromoted to major general in 1860 and to lieutenant general in 1862, he served on the Comitato d'Artiglieria (Artillery Committee), and from April 1865 as commander of the Royal Academy of Turin. He retired in July 1879, dying in Turin shortly after.", "Q147663": "Zara Anne Elizabeth Tindall (n\u00e9e Phillips; born 15 May 1981) is a member of the British royal family, an equestrian and Olympian. She is the daughter of Princess Anne and Mark Phillips and the eldest granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II.\nTindall won the Eventing World Championship in Aachen in 2006. The same year she was voted 2006 BBC Sports Personality of the Year by the British television viewing public (an award her mother won in 1971). She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2007 New Year Honours for her services to equestrianism. In 2012, she carried an Olympic flame at Cheltenham Racecourse on her horse Toytown. As a member of the Great Britain Eventing Team, she won a silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics, presented to her by her mother.\nAt birth, she was sixth in line of succession to the British throne. She is now 18th in line.", "Q64732": "Niederlenz is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q3123799": "G\u00e9rard Buhr (1928\u20131988) was a French film and television actor.", "Q995629": "Daniel Santos (February 5, 1916 \u2013 November 27, 1992) was a singer and composer of boleros, and an overall performer of multiple Caribbean music genres, including guaracha, plena and rumba. Over the course of his career he adopted several names created by the public and became known as \"El Jefe\" and \"El Inquieto Anacobero\".", "Q461447": "Amelia is a 2009 Canadian-American biographical film about the life of Amelia Earhart. Most of the story is told in flashbacks before ending with Earhart's mysterious disappearance. The film was directed by Mira Nair and stars Hilary Swank as Earhart and Richard Gere as her husband, George Putnam. The cast list also includes Christopher Eccleston and Ewan McGregor. The film was written by Ronald Bass and Anna Hamilton Phelan, using research from sources including East to the Dawn by Susan Butler and The Sound of Wings by Mary S. Lovell. The film has received predominantly negative reviews.", "Q264764": "Pierre Charles L'Enfant (French: [pj\u025b\u0281 \u0283\u0251\u0281l l\u0251\u0303f\u0251\u0303]; August 2, 1754 \u2013 June 14, 1825), self-identified as Peter Charles L'Enfant while living in the United States, was a French-American military engineer who designed the basic plan for Washington, D.C. (capital city of the U.S.) known today as the L'Enfant Plan (1791).\n\n", "Q74521": "Johann Heinrich Joseph D\u00fcntzer (July 12, 1813 \u2013 December 16, 1901) was a German philologist and historian of literature.", "Q331759": "Michael Kelland John Hutchence (22 January 1960 \u2013 22 November 1997) was an Australian musician, singer-songwriter and actor who co-founded the rock band INXS, which sold over 60 million records worldwide and was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in 2001. Hutchence was the lead singer and lyricist of INXS from 1977 until his death.\nHutchence was a member of the short-lived pop rock group Max Q. He also recorded some solo material and acted in feature films, including Dogs in Space (1986), Frankenstein Unbound (1990), and Limp (1997).\nHutchence had a string of love affairs with prominent actresses, models and singers, and his private life was often reported in the Australian and international press. In July 1996, Hutchence and English television presenter Paula Yates had a daughter, Heavenly Hiraani Tiger Lily.\nOn the morning of 22 November 1997, Hutchence was found dead in his hotel room in Sydney. His death was reported by the New South Wales Coroner to be the result of suicide by hanging.", "Q660093": "Davos Wiesen (local Walser: an de Wise [an d\u0325\u0259 \u02c8\u028b\u026a\u0292\u030a\u0259]; Romansh: Tain) is a village and one of six parts (former municipalities) of the municipality of Davos besides Davos Dorf, Davos Platz, Davos Frauenkirch, Davos Glaris and Davos Monstein.", "Q358089": "Michel Henri Aumont (15 October 1936 \u2013 28 August 2019) was a French theatre, film, and television actor. Throughout his career, he gained four Moli\u00e8re Awards and nominations for three C\u00e9sar Awards. In 2015, he was made Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit.", "Q4340209": "Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity. It can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, motivation, feelings, and sense of well-being. It may feature sadness, difficulty in thinking and concentration and a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping. People experiencing depression may have feelings of dejection, hopelessness and, sometimes, suicidal thoughts. It can either be short term or long term. The core symptom of depression is said to be anhedonia, which refers to loss of interest or a loss of feeling of pleasure in certain activities that usually bring joy to people. Depressed mood is a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia; it is a normal temporary reaction to life events, such as the loss of a loved one; and it is also a symptom of some physical diseases and a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments.", "Q437167": "Pauline Virginie D\u00e9jazet (30 August 1798 \u2013 1 December 1875) was a French actress.", "Q370705": "Percy Harrison Fawcett (18 August 1867 \u2013 during or after 1925) was a British geographer, artillery officer, cartographer, archaeologist, and explorer of South America. Fawcett disappeared in 1925 (along with his eldest son, Jack, and one of Jack's friends, Raleigh Rimell) during an expedition to find \"Z\"\u2014his name for an ancient lost city which he and others believed existed in the jungles of Brazil.", "Q2904665": "Betzalel \"Tzali\" Reshef (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05e6\u05dc\u05d0\u05dc \"\u05e6\u05dc\u05d9\" \u05e8\u05e9\u05e3, born 23 June 1953) is a former Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party between August 2002 and February 2003.\n\n", "Q438254": "Carrie Luz Rodriguez (born July 31, 1978) is an American singer-songwriter and the daughter of Texan singer-songwriter David Rodriguez and Texas painter Katy Nail, and is the granddaughter of prolific Texas essayist Frances Nail. She sings and plays the fiddle, mandobird and tenor guitar.\nHer touring band members include Luke Jacobs (acoustic and electric guitar, vocals, lap steel guitar, pedal steel), Hans Holzen (acoustic and electric guitar, vocal, lap steel guitar, mandolin), Erik Deutsch (keyboards), Kyle Kegerreis (acoustic and electric bass), and Don Heffington (drums, percussion).", "Q1095520": "Clarence Smith (June 11, 1904 \u2013 March 15, 1929), better known as Pinetop Smith or Pine Top Smith, was an American boogie-woogie style blues pianist. His hit tune \"Pine Top's Boogie Woogie\" featured rhythmic \"breaks\" that were an essential ingredient of ragtime music, but also a fundamental foreshadowing of rock & roll. The song was also the first known use of the term \"boogie woogie\" on a record, and cemented that term as the moniker for the genre.", "Q382593": "New Netherland (Dutch: Nieuw Nederland; Latin: Nova Belgica or Novum Belgium) was a 17th-century colony of the Dutch Republic that was located on the east coast of America. The claimed territories extended from the Delmarva Peninsula to southwestern Cape Cod, while the more limited settled areas are now part of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Connecticut, with small outposts in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island. \nThe colony was conceived by the Dutch West India Company (WIC) in 1621 to capitalize on the North American fur trade. It was settled slowly at first because of policy mismanagement by the WIC and conflicts with American Indians. The settlement of New Sweden by the Swedish South Company encroached on its southern flank, while its northern border was redrawn to accommodate an expanding New England Confederation. \nThe colony experienced dramatic growth during the 1650s and became a major port for trade in the north Atlantic Ocean. The Dutch surrendered Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan island to England in 1664 (formalized in 1667), contributing to the Second Anglo-Dutch War. In 1673, the Dutch retook the area but relinquished it under the Treaty of Westminster (1674) that ended the Third Anglo-Dutch War the next year.\nThe inhabitants of New Netherland were European colonists, American Indians, and Africans imported as slave laborers. The colony had an estimated population between 7,000 and 8,000 at the time of transfer to England in 1674, half of whom were not of Dutch descent.", "Q1239100": "Don Edwards (born March 20, 1939 in Boonton, New Jersey) is a cowboy singer and guitarist who performs Western music. He has recorded several albums, two of which, Saddle Songs and Songs of the Cowboy, are included in the Folklore Archives of the Library of Congress. Edwards also recorded the album High Lonesome Cowboy with Peter Rowan and Tony Rice.", "Q947009": "Pesti Napl\u00f3 was a Hungarian language newspaper published from March 1850 to October 1939. The paper was based in Budapest, Hungary. On 2 January 1841 the paper began to be published twice a week. Until 1844 Lajos Kossuth served as the editor-in-chief of the paper. Hungarian author Zsigmond Kem\u00e9ny was among the regular contributors.", "Q1986444": "Nicolas Antoine Boulanger (11 November 1722, Paris \u2013 16 September 1759, Paris) was a French philosopher and man of letters during the Age of Enlightenment.", "Q30405": "The Signalkuppe (in German, pronounced seen-yall-koo-pay) also known as Punta Gnifetti (in Italian) (4,554 m) is a peak in the Pennine Alps on the border between Italy and Switzerland. It is a subpeak of Monte Rosa. The mountain is named after 'the Signal', a prominent gendarme atop the east ridge, named Cresta Signal.\nThe first ascent was made by Giovanni Gnifetti, a parish priest from Alagna Valsesia, together with J. Farinetti, C. Ferraris, C. Grober, J. and G. Giordiano and their porters on 9 August 1842.\nThe highest hut in Europe, the Margherita Hut (named after Italy's Queen consort Margherita of Savoy) lies on the summit of the mountain. Work started in 1890, supported by the Italian crown, and Queen Margherita opened it in 1893. The new hut, effectively a high-altitude Faraday cage, is clad in sheet copper to shield against unwanted electrical fields.", "Q269526": "Beni Arashiro (\u5b89\u826f\u57ce \u7d05, Arashiro Beni) (born March 30, 1986 in Okinawa Prefecture), is a Japanese R&B singer, who debuted in 2004 under the Avex Trax label. In 2008, Arashiro left Avex Trax and transferred to Universal Music Japan where she started to perform under the simply, Beni (stylized as BENI).\nShe was initially best known for her 2004 single \"Here Alone,\" though later singles after her move to Universal (such as \"M\u014d Ichi do...\" with Dohzi-T, \"M\u014d Nido to...\" and \"Kiss Kiss Kiss\") have surpassed this.", "Q180328": "Christopher Brookmyre (born 6 September 1968) is a Scottish novelist whose novels mix comedy, politics, social comment and action with a strong narrative. He has been referred to as a Tartan Noir author. His debut novel was Quite Ugly One Morning and subsequent works have included One Fine Day in the Middle of the Night, which he said \"was just the sort of book he needed to write before he turned 30\", and All Fun and Games until Somebody Loses an Eye (2005). Between April 2008 and December 2015, he was the President of Humanist Society Scotland.\n\n", "Q266615": "House Calls is a 1978 comedy-drama film starring Walter Matthau and Glenda Jackson, directed by Howard Zieff.", "Q391289": "Agathe Poschmann (born 18 January 1922) is a German actress. She has performed on the stage, on radio and in film including Raid (1947).", "Q187447": "Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (; 1 December 1949 \u2013 2 December 1993) was a Colombian drug lord and narcoterrorist who founded and was the sole leader of the Medell\u00edn Cartel. Dubbed \"The King of Cocaine,\" Escobar is the wealthiest criminal in history, having amassed an estimated net worth of US$30 billion by the time of his death\u2014equivalent to $59 billion as of 2019\u2014while his drug cartel monopolized the cocaine trade into the United States in the 1980s and 1990s.Born in Rionegro and raised in Medell\u00edn, Escobar studied briefly at Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Latinoamericana of Medell\u00edn, but left without graduating; he instead began engaging in criminal activity, selling illegal cigarettes and fake lottery tickets, as well as participating in motor vehicle theft. In the early 1970s, he began to work for various drug smugglers, often kidnapping and holding people for ransom.\nIn 1976, Escobar founded the Medell\u00edn Cartel, which distributed powder cocaine, and established the first smuggling routes into the U.S. Escobar's infiltration into the U.S. created exponential demand for cocaine, and by the 1980s, it was estimated Escobar led monthly shipments of 70 to 80 tons of cocaine into the country from Colombia. As a result, he quickly became one of the richest people in the world, but consistently battled rival cartels domestically and abroad, leading to massacres and the murders of police officers, judges, locals, and prominent politicians, making Colombia the murder capital of the world.In the 1982 parliamentary election, Escobar was elected as an alternate member of the Chamber of Representatives as part of the Liberal Alternative movement. Through this, he was responsible for community projects, such as the construction of houses and football fields, which gained him popularity among the locals of the towns that he frequented. However, Escobar was vilified by the Colombian and U.S. governments, who routinely stifled his political ambitions and pushed for his arrest, with Escobar widely believed to have orchestrated the DAS Building and Avianca Flight 203 bombings in retaliation.\nIn 1991, Escobar surrendered to authorities, and was sentenced to five years' imprisonment on a host of charges, but struck a deal of no extradition with Colombian President Cesar Gaviria, with the ability of being housed in his own, self-built prison, La Catedral. In 1992, Escobar escaped and went into hiding when authorities attempted to move him to a more standard holding facility, leading to a nation-wide manhunt. As a result, the Medell\u00edn Cartel crumbled, and in 1993, Escobar was killed in his hometown by Colombian National Police, a day after his 44th birthday.Escobar's legacy remains controversial; while many denounce the heinous nature of his crimes, he was seen as a \"Robin Hood-like\" figure for many in Colombia, as he provided many amenities to the poor, while his killing was mourned and his funeral attended by over 25,000 people. Additionally, his private estate, Hacienda N\u00e1poles, has been transformed into a theme park, and he has been praised and criticized for importing hippopotamuses to Colombia. His life has also served as inspiration for or has been dramatized in film, television, and in music.", "Q69570": "Rolle is a municipality in the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It was the seat of the district of Rolle until 2006, when it became part of the district of Nyon. It is located on the northwestern shore of Lake Geneva (Lac L\u00e9man) between Nyon and Lausanne. Rolle is approximately 30 kilometers (19 mi) northeast of Geneva (Gen\u00e8ve) in the La C\u00f4te wine-growing region, and has views of the high Alps.Rolle is also the birthplace of Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric-C\u00e9sar de la Harpe (1754\u20131838), who was the tutor of Alexander I of Russia and was largely responsible for the independence of the Canton of Vaud from the Bernese.\n\n", "Q260264": "Rosa Ponselle (January 22, 1897 \u2013 May 25, 1981) was an American operatic soprano.\nShe sang mainly at the New York Metropolitan Opera and is generally considered to have been one of the greatest sopranos of the 20th Century.", "Q36074": "Queensland (locally KWEENZ-land, abbreviated as Qld) is the second-largest and third-most populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia. Situated in the north-east of the country, it is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. To its north is the Torres Strait, with Papua New Guinea located less than 200 km across it from the mainland. The state is the world's sixth-largest sub-national entity, with an area of 1,852,642 square kilometres (715,309 sq mi).\nQueensland has a population of over 5.1 million, concentrated along the coast and particularly in the state's South East. The capital and largest city in the state is Brisbane, Australia's third-largest city. Often referred to as the \"Sunshine State\", Queensland is home to 10 of Australia's 30 largest cities and is the nation's third-largest economy. Tourism in the state, fuelled largely by its warm climate, is a major industry.\nQueensland was first inhabited by Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders. The first European to land in Queensland (and Australia) was Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606, who explored the west coast of the Cape York Peninsula near present-day Weipa. In 1770, Lieutenant James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for the Kingdom of Great Britain. The colony of New South Wales was founded in 1788 by Governor Arthur Phillip at Sydney; New South Wales at that time included all of what is now Queensland, Victoria and Tasmania. Queensland was explored in subsequent decades until the establishment of a penal colony at Brisbane in 1824 by John Oxley. Penal transportation ceased in 1839 and free settlement was allowed from 1842.\nThe state was named in honour of Queen Victoria, who signed on 6 June 1859 Letters Patent separating the colony from New South Wales. Queensland Day is celebrated annually statewide on 6 June. Queensland was one of the six colonies which became the founding states of Australia with federation on 1 January 1901.", "Q4124737": "Arkady Ivanovich Volsky (15 May 1932 \u2013 9 September 2006) was a Russian politician and businessman. He served as a senior aide to three Soviet General Secretaries, including Mikhail Gorbachev. He was founder and the first head of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RSPP).", "Q123497": "Henri Guisan (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0251\u0303\u0281i \u0261iz\u0251\u0303]; 21 October 1874 \u2013 7 April 1960) was a Swiss army officer who held the office of the General of the Swiss Armed Forces during the Second World War. He was the fourth and the most recent man to be appointed to the rarely used Swiss rank of General, and was possibly Switzerland's most famous soldier. He is best remembered for effectively mobilizing the Swiss Armed Forces and Swiss people in order to prepare resistance against a possible invasion by Nazi Germany in 1940. Guisan was voted the fourth-greatest Swiss figure of all time in 2010.", "Q113554": "Barry Nathaniel Malzberg (born July 24, 1939) is an American writer and editor, most often of science fiction and fantasy.", "Q975911": "Kenneth Eric Church (born May 3, 1977) is an American country music singer-songwriter. He has released six studio albums through Capitol Nashville since 2005. His debut album, 2006's Sinners Like Me, produced three singles on the Billboard country charts including the top 20 hits \"How 'Bout You\", \"Two Pink Lines\", and \"Guys Like Me\".\nHis second album, 2009's Carolina, produced three more singles: \"Smoke a Little Smoke\" and his first top 10 hits, \"Love Your Love the Most\" and \"Hell on the Heart\". 2011's Chief, his first No. 1 album, gave him his first two No. 1 singles, \"Drink in My Hand\" and \"Springsteen\", and the hits \"Homeboy\", \"Creepin'\", and \"Like Jesus Does\". His third No. 1 single was \"The Only Way I Know\", which he, Jason Aldean, and Luke Bryan recorded for Aldean's album Night Train.\nA fourth album, The Outsiders, was released in February 2014. It produced five new singles between 2013\u201315 with the title track, \"Give Me Back My Hometown\", \"Cold One\", \"Talladega\" and \"Like a Wrecking Ball\". \"Talladega\" and \"Give Me Back My Hometown\" each reached number one on the Country Airplay chart. Eric Church got his sixth No. 1 hit with Keith Urban in May 2015 with the single \"Raise 'Em Up\". His fifth studio album, Mr. Misunderstood, was released in November 2015 and went on to produce two number one singles with \"Record Year\" and \"Round Here Buzz\". On July 13, 2018, Church released the first single and title track of his newest album Desperate Man, which was released in October 2018.", "Q76444": "Johann Beer (also spelled B\u00e4hr, Baer, or Behr, Latinized as Ursus or Ursinus, (Sankt Georgen, 28 February 1655 \u2013 6 August 1700, Weissenfels) was an Austrian author, court official and composer.", "Q3856": "Nicosia ( NIK-\u0259-SEE-\u0259; Greek: \u039b\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, romanized: Lefkos\u00eda [lefko\u02c8si.a]; Turkish: Lefko\u015fa [lef\u02c8ko\u0283a]) is the largest city, capital, and seat of government of Cyprus. It is located near the centre of the Mesaoria plain, on the banks of the River Pedieos.\nNicosia is the southeasternmost of all EU member states' capitals. It has been continuously inhabited for over 4,500 years and has been the capital of Cyprus since the 10th century. The Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities of Nicosia segregated into the south and north of the city respectively in early 1964, following the fighting of the Cyprus crisis of 1963\u201364 that broke out in the city. This separation became a militarised border between the Republic of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus after Turkey invaded the island of Cyprus in 1974, occupying the north of the island, including northern Nicosia. Today North Nicosia is the capital of Northern Cyprus, a state recognized only by Turkey, that is considered to be occupied Cypriot territory by the international community.\nApart from its legislative and administrative functions, Nicosia has established itself as the island's financial capital and its main international business centre. In 2018, Nicosia was the 32nd richest city in the world in relative purchasing power.", "Q986899": "Zs\u00f3fia J\u00f3zsefn\u00e9 Szalatnyay D\u00e9nes (14 January 1885 \u2013 22 January 1987) was a Hungarian writer.She was born in Budapest. During the 1910s, D\u00e9nes was Paris correspondent for the Hungarian magazines Pesti Napl\u00f3 and Vil\u00e1g; she reported on the premieres of ballets composed by Igor Stravinsky and performed by Vaslav Nijinsky. She moved to Vienna in 1919 after the fall of the Hungarian Soviet Republic. D\u00e9nes worked for a Hungarian language newspaper there until 1925. She then returned to Budapest, where she worked as a journalist and also lobbied for women's rights and for pacifism.She was briefly engaged to the Hungarian poet Endre Ady and published a memoir on his life \u00c9let helyett \u00f3r\u00e1k (Hours instead of life) in 1935. In 1957, she published Akkor a h\u00e1rsak \u00e9pp szerettek (At that time the linden trees were loving) which also dealt with their relationship. In 1976, she established the Ady Prize in his honour.D\u00e9nes wrote the first Hungarian biography of Vladimir Lenin. She knew prominent figures of her time such as Sigmund Freud and poet Rainer Maria Rilke.In 1985, she published Ami a sz\u00e1zb\u00f3l kimaradt (What has been left out from a hundred). At the time, she was considered the oldest author in Hungary.She died in Budapest at the age of 102.", "Q188760": "The Hulk is a fictional superhero appearing in publications by the American publisher Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in the debut issue of The Incredible Hulk (May 1962). In his comic book appearances, the character is both the Hulk, a green-skinned, hulking and muscular humanoid possessing a vast degree of physical strength, and his alter ego Dr. Robert Bruce Banner, a physically weak, socially withdrawn, and emotionally reserved physicist, the two existing as independent personalities and resenting of the other.\nFollowing his accidental exposure to gamma rays saving the life of Rick Jones during the detonation of an experimental bomb, Banner is physically transformed into the Hulk when subjected to emotional stress, at or against his will, often leading to destructive rampages and conflicts that complicate Banner's civilian life. The Hulk's level of strength is normally conveyed as proportionate to his level of anger. Commonly portrayed as a raging savage, the Hulk has been represented with other personalities based on Banner's fractured psyche, from a mindless, destructive force, to a brilliant warrior, or genius scientist in his own right. Despite both Hulk and Banner's desire for solitude, the character has a large supporting cast, including Banner's lover Betty Ross, his best friend Rick Jones, his cousin She-Hulk, therapist and ally Doc Samson, and his co-founders of the superhero team the Avengers, etc. However, his uncontrollable power has brought him into conflict with his fellow heroes and others. Despite this he tries his best to do what's right while battling villains such as Leader, Abomination, Absorbing Man and more.\nLee stated that the Hulk's creation was inspired by a combination of Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Although the Hulk's coloration has varied throughout the character's publication history, the most usual color is green. \nOne of the most iconic characters in popular culture, the character has appeared on a variety of merchandise, such as clothing and collectable items, inspired real-world structures (such as theme park attractions), and been referenced in a number of media. Banner and the Hulk have been adapted in live-action, animated, and video game incarnations. The character was first played in a live-action feature film by Eric Bana. In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, the character was portrayed by Edward Norton in the film The Incredible Hulk (2008) and by Mark Ruffalo in the films The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013) in a cameo, Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Captain Marvel (2019) in a cameo, and Avengers: Endgame (2019).", "Q201842": "Adam Paul Scott (born April 3, 1973) is an American actor, comedian, producer, and podcaster. He is known for his role as Ben Wyatt in the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation for which he was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series in 2013. He has also appeared as Derek in the film Step Brothers, Johnny Meyer in The Aviator, Henry Pollard in the Starz sitcom Party Down, Ed Mackenzie in the HBO series Big Little Lies, Adam Yates, Jr. in Hot Tub Time Machine 2, and Trevor in the NBC series The Good Place.", "Q2563511": "John Pyper-Ferguson (born February 27, 1964) is an Australian-born Canadian actor. He has appeared in a wide range of films and television shows. His notable works include playing Sonny Hamilton on Hamilton's Quest, Peter Hutter on The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr., and Joe Whedon on Brothers & Sisters. He also portrayed Tomas Vergis on the science fiction drama television series Caprica, Tex on the TNT television series The Last Ship, as well as Jack Soloff on USA Network's television series Suits.", "Q66657": "Zeihen is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q133848": "Dulce Nombre de Mar\u00eda Magdalena de los Remedios Barranco Garc\u00eda (born 11 June 1961) better known as Mar\u00eda Barranco is a Spanish actress, who has won two Goya Awards for Best Supporting Actress.\nBorn in M\u00e1laga, Andalusia, Spain, Barranco studied medicine, but left to study drama in her city, where she participated in various theatre groups. Later, she moved to Madrid, to debut on stage in a production of La venganza de Don Mendo (Don Mendo's revenge). Barranco made her film debut in 1986's El elegido (The Chosen).\nShe was married to filmmaker Imanol Uribe, but they divorced in 2004. They have a daughter, Andrea, born in 1993.", "Q593809": "Assemblage 23 is an electronic act from the United States, currently based in Seattle. It was founded in 1988 by Tom Shear who writes the music and lyrics and does the recording himself. Live performances are supported by Paul Seegers on keyboards and Mike Jenney on drums.", "Q70035": "Klaus Rainer R\u00f6hl (born 1 December 1928) is a German journalist and author, best known as founder, owner, publisher and editor-in-chief of konkret, the most influential magazine on the German political left from the 1960s to the early 1970s. He has since become critical of communism and leftist tendencies.", "Q123483": "Adolf Muschg (born 13 May 1934) is a Swiss writer and professor of literature. Muschg was a member of the Gruppe Olten.\n\n", "Q986641": "Winter Park is a suburban city in Orange County, Florida, United States. The population was 27,852 at the 2010 United States Census. It is part of the Orlando\u2013Kissimmee\u2013Sanford, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nWinter Park was founded as a resort community by northern business magnates in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (Founded on July 4, 1881 - Tales of Winter Park). Its main street includes civic buildings, retail, art galleries, a private liberal arts college (Rollins College), museums, a park, a train station, a golf course country club, a historic cemetery, and a beach and boat launch.\n\n", "Q270063": "7 Dwarves \u2013 Men Alone in the Wood (German: 7 Zwerge \u2013 M\u00e4nner allein im Wald), is a German comedy film, created in 2004 by Otto Waalkes, which follows the story of Snow White and the Seven Dwarves by the Brothers Grimm.\nThe film, created by the NRW Film Fund (Filmstiftung NRW), was the second most popular film in German cinemas in 2004, reaching an audience of almost 7 million. It also counts as the 4th most successful German film ever in Germany since the audience payment cap.", "Q26273": "Sint Maarten (Dutch pronunciation: [s\u026ant \u02c8ma\u02d0rt\u0259(n)]) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean. With a population of 41,486 as of January 2019 on an area of 34 km2 (13 sq mi), it encompasses the southern 40% of the divided island of Saint Martin, while the northern 60% of the island constitutes the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Martin. Sint Maarten's capital is Philipsburg. Collectively, Sint Maarten and the other Dutch islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean.\nBefore 10 October 2010, Sint Maarten was known as the Island Territory of Sint Maarten (Dutch: Eilandgebied Sint Maarten), and was one of five island territories (eilandgebieden) that constituted the Netherlands Antilles.Sint Maarten has the status of an overseas country and territory (OCT) and is not part of the EU.\nOn 6 and 7 September 2017, the island was hit by Category 5+ Hurricane Irma, which caused widespread and significant damage to buildings and infrastructure.As of 2018, Sint Maarten has the 14th largest GDP per capita in the world (including territories) when measured by purchasing power parity, over three times as high as its French counterpart.\n\n", "Q78469": "Romy Schneider (born Rosemarie Magdalena Albach, 23 September 1938 \u2013 29 May 1982) was a German-French film actress and voice actress. She started her career in the German Heimatfilm genre in the early 1950s when she was 15. From 1955 to 1957, she played the central character of Empress Elisabeth of Austria in the Austrian Sissi trilogy, and later reprised the role in a more mature version in Visconti's Ludwig. Schneider moved to France, where she made successful and critically acclaimed films with some of the most notable film directors of that era.", "Q3377416": "Knud \u00d8rn Bryn (15 March 1855 \u2013 28 May 1941) was a Norwegian engineer and industrialist. He was one of the pioneers in the development of modern hydropower plants in Norway.Bryn was born in Trondheim, Norway. He was the son of Thomas Bryn (1813-1902) and Kristine Emilie Caroline Richter (1825-1869). He was the brother of anthropologist Halfdan Bryn and engineer Alfred Bryn. Bryn graduated from the Trondheim Technical School (Trondhjems Tekniske L\u00e6reanstalt) in 1874 and completed engineering exam at the Technical University of Munich in 1877. He worked first as an engineer at various railway. In 1883, he established the Trondheim Electric Bureau. In 1884, Bryn moved Christiania (now Oslo). In 1886. he was appointed first director of Christiania Telephone Society.\nIn 1898, he established Hafslund ASA the company which operated the power grid supplying electricity to Oslo. He served as manager of Hafslund until 1928. Bryn was chairman from 1929 to 1936 of AS Tyssefaldene, a power company supplying power to energy-intensive industrial companies in\nOdda, the main commercial and economic centre of the region of Hardanger.Bryn was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences. He was decorated Commander with Star of the Order of St. Olav in 1928.", "Q317952": "The Communist Party of Chile (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Chile) is a Chilean political party. It was founded in 1922, as the continuation of the Socialist Workers Party, and in 1932 it established its youth wing, the Communist Youth of Chile (Juventudes Comunistas de Chile [abbr:JJ.CC]).", "Q370711": "S\u00e9bastien Tellier (French: [t\u025blje]; born 22 February 1975) is a French musician, singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He is mainly known for having represented France in Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with his song Divine. He has also produced songs for Dita Von Teese and he has composed music for the French films Narco and Steak among others. He is currently signed to Record Makers, a French independent record label. He sings in many languages as English, French and Italian.\n\n", "Q1187642": "Shingo Murakami (\u6751\u4e0a \u4fe1\u4e94, Murakami Shingo, born January 26, 1982, in Takatsuki, Osaka) is a Japanese singer, presenter, variety tarento and actor. He is the keyboardist of the Japanese male idol group Kanjani Eight.\n\n", "Q232250": "Continental Divide is a 1981 American romantic comedy film starring John Belushi and Blair Brown. It was the first film produced by Steven Spielberg's production company Amblin Entertainment. It was directed by Michael Apted and written by Lawrence Kasdan.", "Q42939": "Bronis\u0142aw Maria Komorowski (Polish pronunciation: [br\u0254\u02c8\u0272iswaf k\u0254m\u0254\u02c8r\u0254fsk\u02b2i] (listen); born 4 June 1952) is a Polish politician and historian who served as President of Poland from 2010 to 2015.\nKomorowski served as Minister of Defence from 2000 to 2001. As Marshal of the Sejm (Speaker of the lower house of Parliament), Komorowski exercised the powers and duties of head of state following the death of President Lech Kaczy\u0144ski in a plane crash on 10 April 2010. Komorowski was then the governing Civic Platform party's candidate in the resulting presidential election, which he won in the second round of voting on 4 July 2010. He was sworn in as President on 6 August 2010. Komorowski thus became the second person to serve on two occasions as Polish head of state since 1918, after Maciej Rataj. \nOn 25 May 2015, Komorowski conceded the presidency of Poland to the rival candidate Andrzej Duda, after the latter won the second round of the 2015 presidential election.", "Q1689346": "Jimmy Ray Dean (August 10, 1928 \u2013 June 13, 2010) was an American country music singer, television host, actor, and businessman. He was the creator of the Jimmy Dean sausage brand as well as the spokesman for its TV commercials.\nHe became a national television personality starting on CBS in 1957. He rose to fame for his 1961 country music crossover hit into rock and roll with \"Big Bad John\" and his 1963 television series The Jimmy Dean Show, which gave puppeteer Jim Henson his first national media exposure.\nHis acting career included appearing in the early seasons in the Daniel Boone TV series as the sidekick of the famous frontiersman played by star Fess Parker. Later he was on the big screen in a supporting role as billionaire Willard Whyte in the James Bond movie Diamonds Are Forever (1971).\nHe lived near Richmond, Virginia, and was nominated for the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2010, though died before his induction that year at the age of 81.", "Q2904671": "Haim Kaufman (Hebrew: \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e7\u05d5\u05e4\u05de\u05df\u200e, 12 December 1934 \u2013 7 August 1995) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Likud between 1977 and 1988, and again from 1990 until his death in 1995.", "Q647438": "M\u00e1rio S\u00e9rgio Pontes de Paiva, more commonly known as M\u00e1rio S\u00e9rgio (7 September 1950 \u2013 28 November 2016), was a Brazilian footballer and manager, who later became a commentator for Fox Sports Brazil, which he joined at the channel's inception in 2012. He died in the LaMia Airlines Flight 2933 accident in the Colombian village of Cerro Gordo, La Uni\u00f3n, Antioquia, while travelling with the Chapecoense football squad for the Copa Sudamericana finals on 28 November 2016.", "Q118415": "Sandrine Salerno (born in 1971 in Geneva) is a Swiss politician and a member of the Socialist Party. She was/is the Mayor of the city of Geneva from 2010\u201311, 2013\u201314, and 2019\u20132020.", "Q34677": "Gregory Thomas \"Greg\" Garcia (born April 4, 1970) is an American television director, producer and writer. He is the creator/executive producer of several long-running sitcoms, including Yes, Dear, My Name Is Earl (in which he made seven cameo appearances), The Guest Book, and Raising Hope. He has also worked for the series Family Matters and as a consulting producer on Family Guy. He developed two pilots for CBS for the 2013\u201314 season, one of which, The Millers, was picked up.", "Q253862": "Yoshiko Yamaguchi (\u5c71\u53e3 \u6dd1\u5b50, Yamaguchi Yoshiko, 12 February 1920 \u2013 7 September 2014) was a Japanese actress and singer, born in China, who made a career in China, Hong Kong, Japan and the United States.\nEarly in her career, the Manchukuo Film Association concealed her Japanese origin and she went by the Chinese name Li Xianglan, rendered in Japanese as Ri K\u014dran. This allowed her to represent China in Japanese propaganda movies. After the war, she appeared in Japanese movies under her real name, Yamaguchi Yoshiko, as well as in several English language movies under the stage name, Shirley Yamaguchi.\nShe was elected as a member of the Japanese parliament in the 1970s and served for 18 years. After retiring from politics, she served as vice president of the Asian Women's Fund.", "Q116438": "St\u00e9phanie Corinna Bille (29 August 1912 \u2013 24 October 1979) was a French-speaking writer from Switzerland.Bille was born in Lausanne, the daughter of Swiss painter Edmond Bille, and grew up in Sierre. Bille went to Paris, where she married but that marriage was later annulled. In 1937, she returned to Switzerland, where she fell gravely ill. After her recovery, Bille married the writer Maurice Chappaz.In 1974, she received the Prix Schiller for her work.\nShe won the 1975 Prix Goncourt de la Nouvelle for La Demoiselle sauvage.Several short stories and novels by Bille were translated into German and Italian and a few short stories were translated into English. In 2006, a collection of English translations of short stories and longer prose was published as The Transparent Girl and Other Stories.Although Bille travelled extensively, she always returned home to Valais. She died in Sierre. Her estate is archived in the Swiss Literary Archives in Bern.", "Q193426": "Nancy Davis Reagan (born Anne Frances Robbins; July 6, 1921 \u2013 March 6, 2016) was an American film actress and the second wife of Ronald Reagan, the 40th president of the United States. She was the first lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989.\nShe was born in New York City. After her parents separated, she lived in Maryland with an aunt and uncle for six years. When her mother remarried in 1929, she moved to Chicago and later took the name Davis from her stepfather. As Nancy Davis, she was a Hollywood actress in the 1940s and 1950s, starring in films such as The Next Voice You Hear..., Night into Morning, and Donovan's Brain. In 1952, she married Ronald Reagan, who was then president of the Screen Actors Guild. They had two children together. Reagan was the first lady of California when her husband was governor from 1967 to 1975, and she began to work with the Foster Grandparents Program.\nReagan became First Lady of the United States in January 1981, following her husband's victory in the 1980 presidential election. Early in his first term, she was criticized largely due to her decision to replace the White House china, which had been paid for by private donations. She championed recreational drug prevention causes when she founded the \"Just Say No\" drug awareness campaign, which was considered her major initiative as First Lady. More discussion of her role ensued following a 1988 revelation that she had consulted an astrologer to assist in planning the president's schedule after the attempted assassination of her husband in 1981. She generally had a strong influence on her husband and played a role in a few of his personnel and diplomatic decisions.\nAfter Ronald Reagan's term as president ended, the couple returned to their home in Bel Air, Los Angeles, California. Nancy devoted most of her time to caring for her husband, who was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 1994, until his death at the age of 93 on June 5, 2004. Reagan remained active within the Reagan Library and in politics, particularly in support of embryonic stem cell research, until her death from congestive heart failure at age 94 on March 6, 2016.", "Q553393": "Yang Jisheng (born November 1940) is a Chinese journalist and author of Tombstone (\u5893\u7891; Mubei), a comprehensive account of the Great Chinese Famine during the Great Leap Forward. Yang joined the Communist Party in 1964 and graduated from Tsinghua University in 1966. He promptly joined Xinhua News Agency, where he worked until his retirement in 2001. His loyalty to the party was destroyed by the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre. Although he continued working for the Xinhua News Agency, he spent much of his time researching for Tombstone. As of 2008, he was the deputy editor of the journal Yanhuang Chunqiu in Beijing. Yang Jisheng is also listed as a Fellow of China Media Project, a department under Hong Kong University.", "Q457687": "Emil Franti\u0161ek Burian (11 June 1904 \u2013 9 August 1959) was a Czech poet, journalist, singer, actor, musician, composer, dramatic adviser, playwright and director. He was also active in Communist Party of Czechoslovakia politics.\n\n", "Q1284495": "Genrikh Osipovich Graftio (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0440\u0438\u0445 \u041e\u0441\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0438\u043e, 26 December 1869 in D\u00fcnaburg \u2013 30 April 1949 in Leningrad) was a Russian/Soviet engineer credited as a pioneer of the hydroelectric station construction, as one of the founders of the GOELRO plan, and notable for the construction of the first hydroelectric stations in the Soviet Union, the Volkhov Hydroelectric Station in Volkhov and the Lower Svir Hydroelectric Station in Svirstroy.Genrikh Graftio graduated from the Imperial Novorossiya University in Odessa in 1892 and the Peterburg Institute of Transport Engineers in 1896, where he was teaching since 1907. In 1921, he was appointed a professor at this university. Between 1896 and 1900 he was intern in Europe and USA, studying the power equipment.In 1900, Graftio created the first project of the electrified railway in Russia, which was never realized. In 1906, he was charged with developing an electric tram network in Saint Petersburg, then the capital of the Russian Empire, which was opened in 1907. Since 1905, he was involved in project design of hydroelectric stations. In 1905, he designed a project of a power plant on the Vuoksi River (never realized), and in 1910\u20131911 Graftio designed the power plant on the Volkhov River, which was only realized in 1927.Between 1918 and 1920 Graftio was the first deputy of the chief construction engineer of the Volkhov Hydroelectric Station, the first hydroelectric station to be built according to the plan. In February 1920, Graftio was included into the committee charged to draft the GOELRO plan, the program to provide sufficient electric power needed for future industrialization of Soviet Russia and, eventually, the Soviet Union. In the committee, he was responsible for the sections dealing with transportation and with the electrification of the Caucasus areas. The plan was drafted in December 1920. Since early 1921, he was the chief construction engineer until the construction was completed in 1927. On 21 March 1921 he was arrested on the charges of counterrevolutionary activity, but was freed after several months due to intervention of Gleb Krzhizhanovsky, who needed Graftio to continue working on the construction. After 1927, he was the chief engineer of the construction of the Svir Hydroelectric Station, opened in 1933. Between 1938 and 1945 Graftio was the Chief Inspector of the Ministry of Energy, tasked with the power plant construction. In particular, he was responsible for the program of the restoration of the stations destroyed during World War II. He died in 1949 in Leningrad.Besides Russian, Graftio was fluent in English, French, German, Italian and Swedish. In 1932, he was elected a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He dedicated all his works to his wife Antonina.", "Q359383": "Leonid Fyodorovich Myasin (Russian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0434 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u044f\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043d), better known in the West by the French transliteration as L\u00e9onide Massine (9 August [O.S. 28 July] 1896 \u2013 15 March 1979), was a Russian choreographer and ballet dancer. Massine created the world's first symphonic ballet, Les Pr\u00e9sages, and many others in the same vein. Besides his \"symphonic ballets,\" Massine choreographed many other popular works during his long career, some of which were serious and dramatic, and others lighthearted and romantic. He created some of his most famous roles in his own comic works, among them the Can-Can Dancer in La Boutique fantasque (1919), the Hussar in Le Beau Danube (1924), and, perhaps best known of all, the Peruvian in Ga\u00eet\u00e9 Parisienne (1938). Today his oeuvre is represented by his son Theodor Massine.\n\n", "Q53834": "Kiyoshi Kurosawa (\u9ed2\u6ca2 \u6e05, Kurosawa Kiyoshi, born July 19, 1955) is a Japanese film director, screenwriter, film critic and a professor at Tokyo University of the Arts. Although he has worked in a variety of genres, Kurosawa is best known for his many contributions to the Japanese horror genre.", "Q234621": "Susanna Tamaro (Italian pronunciation: [su\u02c8zanna ta\u02c8ma\u02d0ro]; born 12 December 1957) is an Italian novelist. She has also worked as a scientific documentarist and movie maker direction assistant.", "Q24302": "Ronald Chernow (; born March 3, 1949) is an American writer, journalist, historian, and biographer. He has written bestselling and award-winning biographies of historical figures from the world of business, finance, and American politics.\nHe won the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for Biography and the 2011 American History Book Prize for his 2010 book Washington: A Life. He is also the recipient of the National Book Award for Nonfiction for his 1990 book The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance. His biographies of Alexander Hamilton (2004) and John D. Rockefeller (1998) were both nominated for National Book Critics Circle Awards, while the former served as the inspiration for the Hamilton musical, for which Chernow worked as a historical consultant. Another book, The Warburgs: The Twentieth-Century Odyssey of a Remarkable Jewish Family, was honored with the 1993 George S. Eccles Prize for Excellence in Economic Writing. As a freelance journalist, he has written over sixty articles in national publications.", "Q88956": "Lea Rosh (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281o\u02d0s]; born Edith Renate Ursula Rosh on 1 October 1936 in Berlin) is a German television journalist, publicist, entrepreneur and political activist. Rosh was the first female journalist to manage a public broadcasting service in Germany and in the 1970s the first anchorwoman of Kennzeichen D, a major political television program. She has been a member of the SPD since 1968.\nRosh has received major public awards (e.g. the Bundesverdienstkreuz), and is a controversial and influential figure in the local political scene of Berlin. The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin is seen as her main and personal achievement.", "Q4775737": "Frederic Anton Eilers (14 January 1839 \u2013 22 April 1917), considered the father of lead-smelting in the United States, was a successful smelting and refining entrepreneur who co-founded the American Smelting and Refining Company, known today as ASARCO.", "Q1026926": "California State University, Long Beach (CSULB, Long Beach State, Cal State Long Beach, LBSU, or The Beach) is a public university in Long Beach, California. The 322-acre campus is the third largest of the 23-school California State University system (CSU) and one of the largest universities in the state of California by enrollment, its student body numbering 37,776 for the Fall 2016 semester. The university continues to receive record numbers of applicants; for Fall 2018, it received 102,879 undergraduate applications\u2014the most of any CSU campus. The school has a 28% acceptance rate. In 2017, 17,650 out of 63,048 applicants were admitted making Cal State Long Beach a highly competitive school to get into. As of Fall 2014, the school had 2,283 total faculty, with 36.7 percent of those faculty on the tenure track. With 5,286 graduate students, the university enrolls one of the largest graduate student populations across the CSU system and in the state of California. The university is located in the Los Altos neighborhood of Long Beach at the southeastern coastal tip of Los Angeles County, less than one mile from the border with Orange County. The university offers 82 different Bachelor's degrees, 65 types of Master's degrees, and four Doctoral degrees.Long Beach State is one of the West Coast's top universities in terms of student body racial diversity, being named the 5th most diverse university in the West by U.S. News & World Report. It is also home to one of the largest publicly funded art schools in the United States. The university currently operates with one of the lowest student tuition rate in the country, at $6,420 per year for full-time students with California residence.\n\n", "Q111431": "Lance David Arnold (born 8 June 1986 in Duisburg) is a German racing driver. He has competed in such series as the Rolex Sports Car Series and Porsche Supercup, as well as the 2009 24 Hours of N\u00fcrburgring.\nIn November 2011, Arnold partnered with 1998 and 1999 F1 World Champion Mika H\u00e4kkinen and Cheng Congfu to drive a Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG at the 2011 6 Hours of Zhuhai race, a round of the 2011 Intercontinental Le Mans Cup.", "Q573725": "Anthony Robert \"Tony\" Ortega (born June 7, 1928 in Los Angeles, California) is an American jazz clarinetist, saxophonist, and flautist.\nOrtega was heavily influenced and introduced to musicians and started his career in Watts, Los Angeles by cousin and acclaimed Vocalist and Trombonist Ray Vasquez \nOrtega began to play the saxophone at age 14 and studied the instrument under Lloyd Reese. He played in 1947 with Earle Spencer, but from 1948 to 1951 he served in the U.S. Army. Following this he became a member of Lionel Hampton's group, which toured Europe; while there he also recorded with Gigi Gryce, Art Farmer, and Milt Buckner, as well as with Norwegian players while in Oslo in 1954. He also met his future wife, pianist and vibraphonist Mona \u00d8rbeck, at the Penguin jazz club in Oslo; they married later that year. Upon his return to southern California he put a band together and worked briefly in Los Angeles, but relocated to New York City in 1955, playing with Nat Pierce for two years. In 1958 he came back once again to Los Angeles, where he worked with Paul Bley, Claude Williamson, and the Lighthouse All Stars.\nIn the 1960s he played mostly in the Southwest and California, and worked on film soundtracks such as The Pawnbroker. Tony also recorded the soundtrack for the movie \"Gloria\" starring Gena Rowlands. He can be heard playing throughout the movie with Tommy Tedesco on guitar. He worked with Don Ellis and Gerald Wilson in 1965 and with Lalo Schifrin in 1968. In the early 1970s he toured internationally with Quincy Jones and continued working with Wilson into the 1980s. He toured and recorded in Paris several times in the 1990s. He is still active, playing locally at the club Mr. Peabody's in Encinitas, California.", "Q272112": "Saskia Burmeister (born 12 February 1985) is an Australian actress. She is most known for her roles in Hating Alison Ashley and Sea Patrol.", "Q300590": "A Time for Dancing is a 2002 American drama film directed by Peter Gilbert and starring Larisa Oleynik, Shiri Appleby and Peter Coyote. It is an adaptation based on the novel of the same name by Davida Wills Hurwin.", "Q117040": "Santiago de Cuba is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province. It lies in the southeastern area of the island, some 870 km (540 mi) southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana.\nThe municipality extends over 1,023.8 square kilometers (395.3 sq mi), and contains the communities of Antonio Maceo, Bravo, Castillo Duany, Daiquir\u00ed, El Caney, El Cobre, El Cristo, Guilera, Leyte Vidal, Moncada and Siboney.Historically Santiago de Cuba has long been the second-most important city on the island after Havana, and still remains the second-largest. It is on a bay connected to the Caribbean Sea and is an important sea port. In the 2012 population census, the city of Santiago de Cuba recorded a population of 431,272 people.", "Q3132858": "Henry J. Leir (January 28, 1900 \u2013 July 14, 1998) was an American industrialist, financier, and philanthropist. He is primarily known for his role in the post-World War II economic development of Luxembourg.", "Q2800403": "Bert Freed (November 3, 1919 \u2013 August 2, 1994) was an American character actor, voice-over actor, and the first actor to portray Detective Columbo.", "Q4799947": "Arthur \"Pen\" Pendleton Mason (11 December 1835\u201322 April 1893) was a lieutenant colonel in the Confederate States Army serving during the American Civil War. Mason was a scion of the prominent Mason political family of Virginia.\n\n", "Q441783": "Eben (sometimes incorrectly Ebenezer) Sumner Draper (June 17, 1858 \u2013 April 9, 1914) was an American businessman and politician from Massachusetts. He was for many years a leading figure in what later became the Draper Corporation, the dominant manufacturer of cotton textile process machinery in the world during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He served as the 44th Governor of Massachusetts from 1909 to 1911.\n\n", "Q290197": "Joumana Haddad (Arabic: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f\u200e) (n\u00e9 Salloum; December 6, 1970 in Beirut) is a Lebanese author, public speaker, journalist and women's rights activist. She has been selected as one of the world\u2019s 100 most powerful Arab women for four years in a row by Arabian Business Magazine (she came in position 34 in 2017), for her cultural and social activism. She is founder of Jasad, a quarterly Arabic-language magazine specialized in the arts and literature of the body (2009\u20132011). Haddad launched a new TV show in November 2018 on Alhurra highlighting the topics of free expression and critical thinking.", "Q3841010": "Lynda Lee Shea (n\u00e9e Mead; born April 17, 1939) is an American businesswoman and beauty pageant titleholder who was Miss Mississippi 1959 and Miss America 1960. Shea attended Natchez High School and the University of Mississippi, where she was a member of Chi Omega sorority. Her immediate predecessor as Miss America, Mary Ann Mobley (the first Miss America from Mississippi), was Mead's sorority sister at Chi Omega.", "Q1140309": "Eleven or 11 may refer to:\n\n11 (number), the natural number following 10 and preceding 12\none of the years 11 BC, AD 11, 1911, 2011", "Q292958": "Amrita Arora (born 31 January 1978) is an Indian film actress, model, TV Presenter and VJ.", "Q206693": "William Alexander Chilton (December 28, 1950 \u2013 March 17, 2010) was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer, best known as the lead singer of the Box Tops and Big Star. Chilton's early commercial success in the 1960s as a teen vocalist for the Box Tops was never repeated in later years with Big Star and in his subsequent indie music solo career on small labels, but he drew an intense following among indie and alternative music musicians. He is frequently cited as a seminal influence by influential rock artists and bands, some of whose testimonials appeared in the 2012 documentary Big Star: Nothing Can Hurt Me.", "Q114549": "Jadwiga Chojnacka (11 October 1905 \u2013 23 December 1992) was a Polish film actress. She appeared in more than 30 films between 1948 and 1989.", "Q707008": "Joseph Guillermo Jones II (born July 15, 1976), better known by his stage name Jim Jones (formerly Jimmy Jones), is an American rapper, record executive and music video director. Jones, an original member of hip hop collective the Diplomats (also known as Dipset), is also the co-CEO of Diplomat Records, alongside longtime friend and fellow Harlem-bred rapper, Cam'ron. Jones is also a noted music video director under the pseudonym CAPO, having directed videos for artists including Cam'ron, Juelz Santana, Remy Ma and State Property.\nIn 2004, he released his solo debut album On My Way to Church. The release of his second album, Harlem: Diary of a Summer in 2005, coincided with Jones landing an executive position in A&R at Entertainment One Music. A year later he was on his third album Hustler's P.O.M.E. (Product of My Environment) (2006), which spawned his biggest single to date, \"We Fly High\". The song reached number five on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).\nIn 2006, Jones also formed the hip hop group and label ByrdGang. The group released their debut album M.O.B.: The Album, under the newly found label in 2008. Jones followed up with his fourth solo album Pray IV Reign, which was released in March 2009, under Columbia Records. The album spawned the hit single \"Pop Champagne\". In April 2011, Jones released his fifth album, Capo, which was supported by the lead single, \"Perfect Day\". He returned on 31 May 2019, for his sixth studio album titled El Capo, which featured the likes of Dave East, Rick Ross and more.\n\n", "Q577543": "Jennifer Shahade (born December 31, 1980) is a United States chess player, poker player, commentator and writer. She is a two-time United States Women's Champion and has the FIDE title of Woman Grandmaster. Shahade is the author of the books Chess Bitch and Play Like a Girl and co-author of Marcel Duchamp: The Art of Chess. She is also the online editor at uschess.org, MindSports Ambassador for PokerStars and a board member of the World Chess Hall of Fame in Saint Louis.", "Q710574": "Maurice Joseph Francois Engelen (born 7 January 1959), known by his stage name Praga Khan, is a Belgian electronic musician. Khan is considered one of the leading pioneers of the new beat/acid house/hardcore electronic dance music scene that originated in Belgium. Khan has also contributed to the theatrical scene with his musical collaborations in The Next Dimension and Code Red.", "Q435002": "El\u017cbieta Apolonia Pierzcha\u0142a (born July 5, 1954 in Sosnowiec) is a Polish politician. She was elected to the Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 10,646 votes in 31 Katowice district, candidating from the Civic Platform list.", "Q5599": "Sir Peter Paul Rubens (; Dutch: [\u02c8ryb\u0259(n)s]; 28 June 1577 \u2013 30 May 1640) was a Flemish artist and diplomat. He is considered the most influential artist of Flemish Baroque tradition. Rubens's highly charged compositions reference erudite aspects of classical and Christian history. His unique and immensely popular Baroque style emphasized movement, colour, and sensuality, which followed the immediate, dramatic artistic style promoted in the Counter-Reformation. Rubens specialized in making altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects.\nIn addition to running a large studio in Antwerp that produced paintings popular with nobility and art collectors throughout Europe, Rubens was a classically educated humanist scholar and diplomat who was knighted by both Philip IV of Spain and Charles I of England. Rubens was a prolific artist. The catalogue of his works by Michael Jaff\u00e9 lists 1,403 pieces, excluding numerous copies made in his workshop. The Museo del Prado owns the largest collection of Rubens' paintings, and one of the finest as well, and almost all of it comes from Spain's royal collections.His commissioned works were mostly history paintings, which included religious and mythological subjects, and hunt scenes. He painted portraits, especially of friends, and self-portraits, and in later life painted several landscapes. Rubens designed tapestries and prints, as well as his own house. He also oversaw the ephemeral decorations of the royal entry into Antwerp by the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria in 1635.\nHe was one of the last major artists to make consistent use of wooden panels as a support medium, even for substantial works, but he used canvas as well, especially when the work needed to be sent a long distance. For altarpieces he sometimes painted on slate to reduce reflection problems.", "Q172814": "Andr\u00e9 Milhoux (born 9 December 1928) is a former racing driver from Belgium. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1956 German Grand Prix on 5 August 1956, however he had to retire after 15 laps due to an engine failure. He scored no championship points.\n\n", "Q696711": "Chyi Chin (traditional Chinese: \u9f4a\u79e6; simplified Chinese: \u9f50\u79e6; pinyin: Q\u00ed Q\u00edn; born 12 January 1960 in Taichung, Taiwan) is a Taiwanese singer and songwriter.", "Q963626": "Paul Allen Wood Shaffer, CM (born November 28, 1949) is a Canadian singer, composer, actor, author, comedian and multi-instrumentalist who served as David Letterman's musical director, band leader and sidekick on the entire run of both Late Night with David Letterman (1982\u20131993) and Late Show with David Letterman (1993\u20132015).", "Q228585": "Imagine That is a 2009 American comedy film starring Eddie Murphy directed by Karey Kirkpatrick and written by Ed Solomon and Chris Matheson. It centers on the relationship between a workaholic father (Murphy) and his daughter, Olivia (Yara Shahidi), whose imaginary world becomes the solution to her father's success. \nThe film had its world premiere at the Paramount Theater on the Paramount Studios Lot in Los Angeles, California and was then widely released on June 12, 2009. It was a box office failure, and received mixed reviews from critics. Murphy was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor for his work in the film. The film was a co production between Paramount Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies.", "Q2977112": "Claude B\u00e9b\u00e9ar (born 1935) is a French businessman. He is the former CEO of AXA.", "Q1677067": "Jack Owen Ingram (born November 15, 1970) is an American country music artist formerly signed to Big Machine Records, an independent record label. He has released ten studio albums, one extended play, six live albums, and 19 singles. Although active since 1992, Ingram did not reach the U.S. Country Top 40 until the release of his single \"Wherever You Are\" late-2005. A number one hit on the Billboard country charts, that song was also his first release for Big Machine and that label's first Number One hit. Ingram has sent six other songs into the country Top 40 with \"Love You\", \"Lips of an Angel\" (a cover version of a song by Hinder), \"Measure of a Man\", \"Maybe She'll Get Lonely\", \"That's a Man\", and \"Barefoot and Crazy\".", "Q355234": "Carmine Dominick Giovinazzo ( KAR-myne JEE-oh-vin-AH-zoh, Italian: [\u02c8karmine d\u0292ovi\u02c8nattso]; born August 24, 1973) is an American actor, writer, painter and musician, known for his role as Detective Danny Messer in CSI: NY.", "Q1994901": "Noble House is an American action-drama television miniseries that was produced by De Laurentiis Entertainment Group, and broadcast by NBC on February 21, 1988. Based on the novel Noble House by James Clavell, it features a large cast headlined by Pierce Brosnan as business tycoon Ian Dunross and was directed by Gary Nelson. However, due to time restrictions, several of the many subplots from the book were removed.\nThis is NBC's second miniseries adaptation of a Clavell novel, the first being 1980's Sh\u014dgun. Both take place in the same fictional universe with Noble House featuring connections to Sh\u014dgun and another Clavell work, Tai-Pan.\nFor the miniseries, the timeframe of the novel was changed; Clavell's original novel takes place in the early 1960s, but the miniseries was updated to the 1980s. The building prominently displayed and used as Struan's is Jardine House.", "Q1065638": "Yuriko Ishida (\u77f3\u7530 \u3086\u308a\u5b50 (\u77f3\u7530 \u767e\u5408\u5b50), Ishida Yuriko, born October 3, 1969) is a Japanese actress and essayist from Nagoya. She was the Japanese voice of the title character San from the 1997 animated film Princess Mononoke. She is the older sister of Hikari Ishida, also an actress.", "Q83630": "My Life Without Me is a 2003 Canadian drama film directed by Isabel Coixet and starring Sarah Polley, Mark Ruffalo, Scott Speedman, and Leonor Watling. Based on the book Pretending the Bed Is a Raft by Nanci Kincaid, it tells a story of a 23-year-old woman, with a husband and two daughters, who finds out she is going to die soon. The film was produced by Pedro Almod\u00f3var's production company, El Deseo.", "Q363786": "Richard Yates Jr. (December 12, 1860 \u2013 April 11, 1936) was the 22nd Governor of Illinois from 1901 to 1905\u2014the first native-born governor of the state. From 1919 to 1933, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois. Although he failed to receive his party's nomination in 1928 to the Seventy-first Congress, he was later appointed nominee and elected in place of Henry R. Rathbone who died prior to the election. In 1932, he was unsuccessful in his bid for reelection to the Seventy-third Congress.\nHis father, also Richard Yates, was also an Illinois politician; indeed, the senior Yates was Illinois' popular Civil War governor, and the younger Yates spent a portion of his boyhood living in the Executive Mansion in Springfield, which would one day again be his home. The son was born in Jacksonville, Illinois and attended public schools and, from 1870 to 1874, the Illinois Woman's College (now MacMurray College). He was the city editor of the Daily Courier in 1878 and 1879, and of the Daily Journal from 1881 to 1883. Yates graduated from Illinois College in Jacksonville in 1880 and from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1884. He practiced law in Jacksonville and was city attorney of Jacksonville 1885\u20131890 and county judge of Morgan County 1894\u20131897. From 1897 to 1900, Yates was United States collector of internal revenue for the eighth internal revenue district.\nIn 1900, Yates was elected governor in his own right while he was not yet 40 years of age. He began his campaign as a \"dark horse\" under the cloak of neutrality, which won him support from Senator Shelby Moore Cullom's \"federal crowd\". Congressman William Lorimer, who had backed another candidate in a field of well-known men, suddenly switched at the Republican convention, grabbing up a Yates banner and proceeding to stampede the convention. The results of the third ballot were never announced; Yates was then nominated on the fourth. The subsequent, decisive election sent Yates to the governor's chair by 61,233 votes over Democrat Samuel Alschuler of Aurora.\nThe keynote legislation signed during the governorship of Richard Yates was a new child labor law, the first of its kind in any state, restricting the work week of children to no more than 48 hours. Another significant move of the administration was the signing of a bill permitting municipal ownership of street railways. Yates restricted prison industries, but vetoed a bill calling for a centralized audit of all state agencies. The veto is significant in light of the Chicago press of the day. Highly critical of the stylish governor, who retained the parade pomp of John Tanner and his \"sunburst colonels\", Chicago newspapers alleged that Yates Jr. was compelling state employees to contribute to a slush fund. Further accusations had it that campaign work was compulsory for state employees under Yates.\nIn 1904, Yates was the first Republican West of the Ohio to declare for Theodore Roosevelt. An ironic side note is that at the end of his political career, driven from Congress by the landslide which carried TR's distant cousin Franklin Delano Roosevelt and an overwhelming number of Democratic candidates into office, Richard Yates Jr. of Illinois polled more votes than any other Republican in the state. \nYates, despite being a sitting governor, did not receive his party's nomination in 1904; he led the field of six candidates for 58 ballots, before throwing his support behind State's Attorney Charles S. Deneen in order to prevent the nomination of Frank O. Lowden, Yates' chief rival at the convention. In his years prior to Congress, Yates was popular on the Chautauqua circuit, as well as working patronage jobs, such as serving in charge of telephone companies as a member of the state utility commission.Yates served as a private in Company I, Fifth Infantry, Illinois National Guard from 1885 to 1890.\nHis final act of service was to cast a vote in 1933 against the repeal of the 18th Amendment (Prohibition). After leaving Congress, Yates resided in Harbor Springs, Michigan, and Springfield, Illinois, while writing his memoirs. He died in Springfield and was buried in Diamond Grove Cemetery, Jacksonville.", "Q57307": "Baroness Anna Elisabeth Franziska Adolphine Wilhelmine Louise Maria von Droste zu H\u00fclshoff, known as Annette von Droste-H\u00fclshoff (German: [a\u02c8n\u025bt\u0259 f\u0254n \u02c8d\u0281\u0254st\u0259\u02c8h\u028flsh\u0254f] (listen); 10 or 12 January 1797 \u2013 24 May 1848), was a 19th-century German writer and composer. She was one of the most important German poets and author of the novella Die Judenbuche.\nIn an article for the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia, Francis Joste wrote, \"The fame of the poetess rests chiefly on her lyric poems, her pastorales, and her ballads. In the poetic representation of nature, few can equal her. The poetical works of Annette von Droste-H\u00fclshoff are imperishable. What makes them so is their originality, the proof that they are the works of a genius. It is this too that gained for their author the well-earned title of \"Germany's greatest poetess.'\"\n\n", "Q201117": "Toyota (\u8c4a\u7530\u5e02, Toyota-shi) is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 426,162 and a population density of 464 persons per km\u00b2. The total area was 918.32 square kilometres (354.57 sq mi). It is located about 35 minutes from Nagoya by way of the Meitetsu Toyota Line.\nSeveral of Toyota Motor Corporation's manufacturing plants, including the Tsutsumi plant, are located here. The longstanding ties between the Toyota Motor Corporation and the town of Toyota-shi, formerly known as Koromo (\u6319\u6bcd\u5e02, Koromo-shi), gave the town its current name.\n\n", "Q342990": "Ya'akov Hodorov (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05d7\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1) (born 16 June 1927; died 31 December 2006) was an Israeli football goalkeeper in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. He was considered by many to be Israel's best goalkeeper in history, and among the best goalkeepers of his generation.", "Q134672": "Exeter ( (listen)) is a city in Devon, England, on the River Exe 36 miles (58 km) northeast of Plymouth and 65 miles (105 km) southwest of Bristol. It is the county town of Devon, and home to Devon County Council and the University of Exeter.\nIn Roman Britain, Exeter was established as the base of Legio II Augusta under the personal command of Vespasian. Exeter became a religious centre in the Middle Ages. Exeter Cathedral, founded in the mid 11th century, became Anglican in the 16th-century English Reformation. In the late 19th century, Exeter became an affluent centre for the wool trade, although by the First World War the city was in decline. After the Second World War, much of the city centre was rebuilt and is now a centre for business and tourism in Devon and Cornwall.\nThe administrative area of Exeter has the status of a non-metropolitan district under the administration of the County Council; a plan to grant the city unitary authority status was scrapped by the 2010 coalition government.", "Q1637443": "Jodie Sands (born Eleanor DiSipio) was an American popular singer, who was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.\nShe had only one major hit, \"With All My Heart\", an English cover version of \"Gondolier\", which reached No. 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1957.\nHer other recording \"Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)\" barely made the Top 100 chart the following year, reaching No. 95, but did better in the United Kingdom where it reached No. 14 in the UK Singles Chart.She also appeared in the 1957 film Jamboree.", "Q172627": "Renato Pirocchi (26 March 1933 in Notaresco \u2013 29 July 2002 in Chieti) was a racing driver from Italy. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1961 Italian Grand Prix on September 10, 1961. He qualified in 29th position (out of 33) and finished 12th, five laps behind, scoring no championship points.After a successful time in Formula Junior at the turn of the 1960s, Pirocchi participated in several non-Championship Formula One races during the 1961 season, but often failed to qualify. He finished 12th at Syracuse, and shared a drive to 11th place at Zeltweg with Lorenzo Bandini, but was many laps adrift on both occasions.", "Q315610": "Giovanni Agnelli (13 August 1866 \u2013 16 December 1945) was an Italian businessman, who founded Fiat car manufacturing in 1899.\n\n", "Q1415128": "The Republic of Afghanistan (Dari: \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200e, J\u01ddmh\u016bri Af\u0121\u0101nist\u0101n; Pashto: \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u200e, D\u01dd Af\u0121\u0101nist\u0101n Jumh\u016briyat) was the name of the first republic of Afghanistan, created in 1973 after Mohammed Daoud Khan deposed his cousin, King Mohammad Zahir Shah, in a non-violent coup. Daoud was known for his progressive politics and attempts to modernise the country with help from both the Soviet Union and the United States, among others.In 1978, a military coup known as the Saur Revolution took place, instigated by the communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, in which Daoud and his family were killed. The \"Daoud Republic\" was subsequently succeeded by the Soviet-allied Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.", "Q138048": "Park Geun-hye (Korean: \ubc15\uadfc\ud61c; Hanja: \u6734\u69ff\u60e0; RR: Bak Geun(-)hye; IPA: [pak\u203fk\u0348\u026fn.hje]; often in English ; born 2 February 1952) is a South Korean former politician who served as President of South Korea from 2013 to 2017. Park was the first woman to be President of South Korea and also the first female president popularly elected as head of state in East Asia. She was also the first South Korean president to be born after the founding of First Republic of Korea; her predecessors were born either during the Joseon dynasty, Japanese rule or during the post-World War II American occupation. Her father, Park Chung-hee, was the President of South Korea from 1963 to 1979, serving five consecutive terms after he seized power in 1961.Before her presidency, Park was chairwoman of the conservative Grand National Party (GNP, formerly called the Saenuri Party from February 2012 onwards now called the Liberty Korea Party) from 2004 to 2006 and 2011 to 2012. She was also a member of the National Assembly, serving four consecutive parliamentary terms between 1998 and 2012. She started her fifth term as a representative elected via national list in June 2012. In 2013 and 2014, Park ranked 11th on the Forbes list of the world's 100 most powerful women and the most powerful woman in East Asia. In 2014, she ranked 46th on the Forbes list of the world's most powerful people, the third-highest South Korean on the list, after Lee Kun-hee and Lee Jae-yong.\nOn 9 December 2016, the National Assembly impeached Park on charges related to influence peddling by her top aide, Choi Soon-sil. Then-Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn assumed her powers and duties as Acting President as a result. The Constitutional Court upheld the impeachment by a unanimous 8\u20130 ruling on 10 March 2017, thereby removing Park from office. On 6 April 2018, South Korean courts sentenced Park to 24 years in prison which was later increased to 25 years. Park is currently imprisoned at Seoul Detention Center. In 2018, two separate criminal cases resulted in an increase of seven years in Park's prison sentence. She was found guilty of illegally taking off-the-book funds from the National Intelligence Service and given a five year prison sentence, and also found guilty of illegally interfering in the Saenuri Party primaries in the 2016 South Korean legislative election, for which she was sentenced to two more years in prison.", "Q88765": "Ladislaus Baron Pilars de Pilar (Polish: W\u0142adys\u0142aw Pilars de Pilar, Opat\u00f3wek, March 3, 1874 - Chorz\u00f3w, November 22, 1952) was a Polish poet, historian, entrepreneur and a literature professor at the University of Warsaw.", "Q852389": "A beekeeper is a person who keeps honey bees.\nBeekeepers are also called honey farmers, apiarists, or less commonly, apiculturists (both from the Latin apis, bee; cf. apiary). The term beekeeper refers to a person who keeps honey bees in beehives, boxes, or other receptacles. Honey bees are not domesticated, and the beekeeper does not control the creatures. The beekeeper owns the hives or boxes and associated equipment. The bees are free to forage or leave (swarm) as they desire. Bees usually return to the beekeeper's hive as the hive presents a clean, dark, sheltered home.", "Q43372": "Gilberte Roca n\u00e9e Cau (18 February 1911, Cailhau \u2014 26 July 2004, N\u00eemes) was a French Communist politician and member of the Resistance.\n\n", "Q311476": "Per Olov Enquist, better known as P. O. Enquist, (born 23 September 1934) is a Swedish author. He has worked as a journalist, playwright, and novelist. In the 1990s, he gained international recognition with his novel The Visit of the Royal Physician.", "Q64915": "Heinz Kessler or Heinz Ke\u00dfler (26 January 1920 \u2013 2 May 2017) was a German communist politician and military officer in East Germany.\nIn East Germany, he held the rank of Armeegeneral in the National People's Army (Nationale Volksarmee) and was Minister of Defense of the GDR, a member of the Politb\u00fcro of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), and a deputy of the GDR's Volkskammer (parliament).\nConvicted for his role in the deaths of defectors along the Berlin wall, he was sentenced to seven-and-a-half years in prison after German reunification, and served his sentence in Hakenfelde Prison. He was released from prison in 1998 after serving only two years.", "Q361191": "Adolf Daimler (8 September 1871 \u2013 24 March 1913) was the son of German inventor and industrialist Gottlieb Daimler. A mechanical engineer by training, Adolf became managing director and co-owner of his father's firm Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft in 1900. Along with his brother Paul Daimler, Adolf is credited with developing the distinctive Mercedes 3-pointed star logo.", "Q12883": "Gerrit Berveling (born 1 April 1944, Vlaardingen) is a Dutch Esperanto author.", "Q168119": "Anastasia Baburova (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0438\u044f \u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 Anastasia Eduardovna Baburova, Ukrainian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0441i\u044f \u0415\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 Anastasia Eduardivna Baburova; 30 November 1983 \u2013 19 January 2009) was a journalist for Novaya Gazeta and a student of journalism at Moscow State University. She was born in Sevastopol, Ukrainian SSR.A member of Autonomous Action, she investigated the activities of neo-Nazi groups. She was shot and killed together with human rights lawyer Stanislav Markelov.", "Q317761": "Dominic Edward Cooper (born 2 June 1978) is an English actor. He has worked in television, film, theatre, and radio, including Mamma Mia! and its sequel Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again. He portrayed Jesse Custer on the AMC show Preacher (2016\u20132019). Cooper has also appeared as the young Howard Stark in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, including Captain America: The First Avenger and Agent Carter.", "Q329857": "\u00d8ystein Sev\u00e5g (born March 19, 1957) is a Norwegian classical musician.", "Q938622": "The Pontifical Academy of Sciences (Italian: Pontificia accademia delle scienze, Latin: Pontificia Academia Scientiarum) is a scientific academy of the Vatican City, established in 1936 by Pope Pius XI, and thriving with the blessing of the Papacy ever since. Its aim is to promote the progress of the mathematical, physical, and natural sciences and the study of related epistemological problems. The Academy has its origins in the Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei (\"Pontifical Academy of the New Lynxes\"), founded in 1847 as a more closely supervised successor to the Accademia dei Lincei (\"Academy of Lynxes\") established in Rome in 1603 by the learned Roman Prince, Federico Cesi (1585\u20131630), who was a young botanist and naturalist, and which claimed Galileo Galilei as its president. The Accademia dei Lincei survives as a wholly separate institution.The Academy of Sciences, one of the Pontifical academies at the Vatican in Rome, is headquartered in the Casina Pio IV in the heart of the Vatican Gardens.\nThe academy holds a membership roster of the most respected names in 20th century science, including such Nobel laureates as Ernest Rutherford, Max Planck, Otto Hahn, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger, and Charles Hard Townes.", "Q272847": "Chingiz Mustafayev (Azerbaijani: \u00c7ingiz Fuad o\u011flu Mustafayev; August 29, 1960 \u2013 June 15, 1992) was an independent Azerbaijani journalist, posthumously bestowed the state order National Hero of Azerbaijan. Mustafayev, with the medical degree and no formal background in journalism save for a year of on the job training, created a video record of the early stages of the Nagorno-Karabakh War, most of the documentary had to be shot from the frontline which ultimately was the cause of his abrupt death due to mortar wounds.", "Q504220": "Jordan Mark Witzigreuter (born November 14, 1989), known professionally as OnlyChild and formerly as \"The Ready Set\", is an American singer-songwriter from Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States. He is the lead vocalist and sole member of the act, using a backup band while on tour. He has released five studio albums, Syntax and Bright Lights, Tantrum Castle, I'm Alive, I'm Dreaming, The Bad & The Better, and I Will Be Nothing Without Your Love, six extended plays and seven singles. He is best known for the commercially successful single \"Love Like Woe\" from his major label debut I'm Alive, I'm Dreaming.\nAs of July 2019, Witzigreuter has begun a new project, now using the name Onlychild. He has released six singles and a four-track EP under this name.Witzigreuter is also a part of the synthpop band Nekokat, alongside Cameron Walker, and Jess Bown of The Summer Set.", "Q151798": "Tamanna Bhatia (born 21 December 1989), known professionally as Tamannaah, is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Tamil and Telugu films. She has also appeared in several Hindi films. In addition to acting, she also participates in stage shows and is a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products.\nIn 2005, she made her acting debut at the age of 15 in the Bollywood film, Chand Sa Roshan Chehra and appeared in the Abhijeet Sawant album song \"Lafzon main\" from the album Aapka Abhijeet, which was also released in 2005, before working in Telugu cinema and Tamil cinema. In the same year, Tamannaah made her Telugu film debut in Sri, and the next year she appeared in her first Tamil movie, Kedi. In 2007, she starred in two college-life-based drama films, Happy Days in Telugu and Kalloori in Tamil.\nHer projects include the successful Tamil films Ayan (2009), Paiyaa (2010), Siruthai (2011), Veeram (2014), Dharma Durai (2016), Devi (2016), Sketch (2018) and her Telugu films include 100% Love (2011), Racha (2012), Thadaka (2013), Baahubali: The Beginning (2015), Bengal Tiger (2015), Oopiri (2016), Baahubali 2: The Conclusion (2017), F2 \u2013 Fun and Frustration (2019), and Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019). She thus established herself as one of the leading contemporary actresses in Tamil cinema and Telugu cinema. She is one of the highest paid actresses in South Indian cinema. She has acted nearly 65 films in three different languages.\nShe is the first actress from India who was nominated at Saturn Awards for Best Supporting Actress. She also received the \"Dayawati Modi\" Award in 2017. She also received an honorary doctorate from CIAC, in association with KEISIE International University, South Korea for her contributions to Indian cinema.", "Q1326975": "The University of Wyoming (UW) is a public land-grant research university in Laramie, Wyoming. It was founded in March 1886, four years before the territory was admitted as the 44th state, and opened in September 1887. The University of Wyoming is unusual in that its location within the state is written into the state's constitution. The university also offers outreach education in communities throughout Wyoming and online.\nThe University of Wyoming consists of seven colleges: agriculture and natural resources, arts and sciences, business, education, engineering and applied sciences, health sciences, and law. The university offers over 120 undergraduate, graduate and certificate programs including Doctor of Pharmacy and Juris Doctor.In addition to on-campus classes in Laramie, the university's Outreach School offers more than 41 degree, certificate and endorsement programs to distance learners across the state and beyond. These programs are delivered through the use of technology, such as online and video conferencing classes. The Outreach School has nine regional centers in the state, with several on community college campuses, to give Wyoming residents access to a university education without relocating to Laramie.", "Q68691": "Max Johann Otto Adolf Tortilowicz von Batocki-Friebe, usually known as Adolf von Batocki-Friebe (31 July 1868 \u2013 22 May 1944) was a German noble, lawyer and politician, and belonged to a Lithuanian noble family.Batocki-Friebe was born at Gut Bledau, Cranz near K\u00f6nigsberg, East Prussia.", "Q211462": "Brandon Bruce Lee (February 1, 1965 \u2013 March 31, 1993) was an American actor and martial artist. He was the only son of martial artist and film star Bruce Lee. As a child from visiting his father's sets, who at the time was a major martial arts film leading man, Lee developed the desire to become an actor. Lee was 8 years old when his father died, becoming an iconic figure of both the art and the film genre he specialized in. Lee pursued his goal of being a thespian, he then studied the craft at the Emerson College and the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute. Wanting to escape his father's image to become a dramatic actor, Lee figured that acting in action oriented films would eventually lead him to other types of roles. After a stint doing local theater, Lee made his screen debut opposite David Carradine in the 1986 ABC's television film Kung Fu: The Movie, a spin-off of the 1970s television series Kung Fu, where he received second billing and starred in his first leading role in Ronny Yu's Hong Kong action film Legacy of Rage that same year.\nShortly after, on television, Lee played a lead in the pilot Kung Fu: The Next Generation (1987), guest starred in an episode of the television series Ohara (1988). Following this, Lee was the lead in the low budget action film Laser Mission (1989), the US direct to video release of it proved to be financially successful. In the 1990s, he started working with major Hollywood studios and his first American theatrical release was the Warner Bros' buddy cop action film Showdown in Little Tokyo (1991), directed by Mark L. Lester and co-starring Dolph Lundgren. By critics described it as an overwhelmingly silly action film and didn't like it upon release, but found appreciation in retrospective for that same reason. This was followed with the leading role in Dwight H. Little's Rapid Fire (1992) produced by 20th Century Fox, where Lee also did the fight choreography. While some critics liked the film, most felt the script was too simple, however almost all described Lee to be charismatic, in a slick Hollywood action film.\nIn 1992, he landed his breakthrough role as Eric Draven in Alex Proyas' The Crow (1994), based on the comic book of the same name, which would be his final film.", "Q387414": "Orphan is a 2009 psychological horror film directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and written by David Leslie Johnson from a story by Alex Mace. The film stars Vera Farmiga, Peter Sarsgaard, Isabelle Fuhrman, C. C. H. Pounder and Jimmy Bennett. The plot centers on a couple who, after the death of their unborn child, adopt a mysterious nine-year-old girl.\nThe film is an international co-production between the United States, Canada, Germany and France. It was produced by Joel Silver and Susan Downey of Dark Castle Entertainment, and Leonardo DiCaprio and Jennifer Davisson Killoran of Appian Way Productions. Principal photography for the film took place in Canada, in the cities of St. Thomas, Toronto, Port Hope, and Montreal.\nOrphan was released theatrically in the United States on July 24, 2009, by Warner Bros. Pictures. Although the film received mixed reviews, Fuhrman's performance was lauded and positively received, with some critics comparing her performance as Esther to that of Linda Blair in The Exorcist and Patty McCormack in The Bad Seed. It grossed $78 million worldwide against a $20 million budget.", "Q172141": "Michael Johnson Parkes (born 24 September 1931 in Richmond, Surrey; died 28 August 1977 near Riva presso Chieri, Italy) was a British racing driver, from England. Parkes was born into an automotive background as his father John, was Chairman of the Alvis Group.He participated in seven Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 18 July 1959. He achieved two podiums, and scored a total of 14 championship points. He also secured one pole position. When not racing cars, Parkes worked as an automotive engineer, and whilst working for the Rootes Group was involved in the project which led to production of the Hillman Imp.", "Q315176": "Charles-Theodore-Henri De Coster (20 August 1827 \u2013 7 May 1879) was a Belgian novelist whose efforts laid the basis for a native Belgian literature.", "Q84639": "Ernst Streeruwitz (born Ernst Streer Ritter von Streeruwitz on September 23, 1874 in Mies; died October 19, 1952 in Vienna) was an Austrian military officer, businessman, political scientist, and politician. A member of the industrialist wing of the Christian Social Party, Streeruwitz served on the National Council from November 1923 to October 1930 and as the country's chancellor and minister of foreign affairs from May to September 1929.\n\n", "Q556200": "Pi\u0142a [\u02c8p\u02b2iwa] (German: Schneidem\u00fchl) is a town in northwestern Poland situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship (since 1999), previously capital of Pi\u0142a Voivodeship (1975\u20131998). It had 73,791 inhabitants as of 2017 making it the fourth-largest city in the voivodeship after Pozna\u0144, Kalisz and Konin and is the largest city in the northern part of Greater Poland. It is the capital of Pi\u0142a County. The town is located on the Gwda river and is famous for its green areas, parks and dense forests nearby. It is an important road and railway hub, located at the intersection of two main lines - Pozna\u0144 - Szczecin and Bydgoszcz - Krzy\u017c Wielkopolski.", "Q57461": "Wilhelm Gustloff (30 January 1895 \u2013 4 February 1936) was the founder of the Swiss NSDAP/AO (the Nazi Party organisation for German citizens abroad) at Davos. He remained its leader from 1932 until he was assassinated in 1936.", "Q1359179": "Ray Smith (June 25, 1918 \u2013 December 4, 1979) was an American country music artist.\nBorn in Glendale, California, Smith began playing guitar at age eight. He joined a traveling rodeo show as a musician, and then took a job performing for radio station WMCA in New York City. He performed locally with a trio in New York, and also worked in Boston on WCOP's Hayloft Jamboree.\nWhile in New York he was offered a contract recording with Columbia Records, and went on to record for London, and Coral as well. He also appeared on Dumont Television.\nHe died in 1979 at age 61.\n\n", "Q66864": "Hugo Dieter Stinnes (12 February 1870 \u2013 10 April 1924) was a German industrialist and politician.\n\n", "Q528912": "Crowbar is an American sludge metal band formed in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, in 1990. Through infusing a slow, low-keyed, brooding doom metal sound with the aggression of hardcore punk, they pioneered a style known as sludge metal alongside other bands of the New Orleans heavy metal scene such as Eyehategod, Soilent Green, Acid Bath, and Down.", "Q82248": "John Galsworthy (; 14 August 1867 \u2013 31 January 1933) was an English novelist and playwright. Notable works include The Forsyte Saga (1906\u20131921) and its sequels, A Modern Comedy and End of the Chapter. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1932.", "Q164723": "Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, (31 December 1738 \u2013 5 October 1805), styled Viscount Brome between 1753 and 1762 and known as The Earl Cornwallis between 1762 and 1792, was a British Army general and official. In the United States and the United Kingdom he is best remembered as one of the leading British generals in the American War of Independence. His surrender in 1781 to a combined American and French force at the Siege of Yorktown ended significant hostilities in North America. He later served as a civil and military governor in Ireland, where he helped bring about the Act of Union; and in India, where he helped enact the Cornwallis Code and the Permanent Settlement.\nBorn into an aristocratic family and educated at Eton and Cambridge, Cornwallis joined the army in 1757, seeing action in the Seven Years' War. Upon his father's death in 1762 he became Earl Cornwallis and entered the House of Lords. From 1766 until 1805 he was Colonel of the 33rd Regiment of Foot. He next saw military action in 1776 in the American War of Independence. Active in the advance forces of many campaigns, in 1780 he inflicted an embarrassing defeat on the American army at the Battle of Camden. He also commanded British forces in the March 1781 Pyrrhic victory at Guilford Court House. Cornwallis surrendered his army at Yorktown in October 1781 after an extended campaign through the Southern states, marked by disagreements between him and his superior, General Sir Henry Clinton.\nDespite this defeat, Cornwallis retained the confidence of successive British governments and continued to enjoy an active career. Knighted in 1786, he was in that year appointed to be Governor-General and commander-in-chief in India. There he enacted numerous significant reforms within the East India Company and its territories, including the Cornwallis Code, part of which implemented important land taxation reforms known as the Permanent Settlement. From 1789 to 1792 he led British and Company forces in the Third Anglo-Mysore War to defeat the Mysorean ruler Tipu Sultan.\nReturning to Britain in 1794, Cornwallis was given the post of Master-General of the Ordnance. In 1798 he was appointed Lord Lieutenant and Commander-in-chief of Ireland, where he oversaw the response to the 1798 Irish Rebellion, including a French invasion of Ireland, and was instrumental in bringing about the Union of Great Britain and Ireland. Following his Irish service, Cornwallis was the chief British signatory to the 1802 Treaty of Amiens and was reappointed to India in 1805. He died in India not long after his arrival.", "Q490441": "Concord ( KON-kerd) is the largest city in Contra Costa County, California. At the 2010 census, the city had a population of 122,067 making it the 8th largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area. Founded in 1869 as the community of Todos Santos by Salvio Pacheco, the name was changed to Concord within months. The city is a major regional suburban East Bay center within the San Francisco Bay Area, and is 29 miles (47 kilometres) east of San Francisco.", "Q51010": "Stephan Eicher (born 17 August 1960) is a Swiss singer.\nHis songs are sung in a variety of languages, including French, German, English, Italian, Swiss German, and Romanche. Sometimes he even uses different languages in the same piece.\nHis success started in German-speaking countries in the 1980s when as part of the band Grauzone he had a hit single \"Eisb\u00e4r\". With hit songs such as \"Combien de Temps\" and \"Oh Ironie\", his popularity spread Europe-wide with various albums, tours, and chart success in France and Switzerland.", "Q77969": "Hellmuth Karasek (4 January 1934 \u2013 29 September 2015) was a German journalist, literary critic, novelist and the author of many books on literature and film. He was one of Germany's best-known feuilletonists.", "Q576": "Jorge Alessandri Rodr\u00edguez (American Spanish: [\u02c8xo\u027exe ale\u02c8sand\u027ei ro\u02c8\u00f0\u027ei\u0263es]; 19 May 1896 \u2013 31 August 1986) was the 27th President of Chile from 1958 to 1964, and was the candidate of the Chilean right in the crucial presidential election of 1970, which he lost to Salvador Allende. He was the son of Arturo Alessandri, who was president from 1920 to 1925 and again from 1932 to 1938.", "Q93351": "Vichy (Occitan: Vich\u00e8i) is a city in the Allier department of Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes in central France, in the historic province of Bourbonnais.\nIt is a spa and resort town and in World War II was the seat of government of Vichy France from 1940 to 1944. The term Vichyste indicated collaboration with the Vichy regime, often carrying a pejorative connotation.", "Q258710": "Shelley Catherine Hennig (born January 2, 1987) is an American model and actress. She is a beauty pageant titleholder who held the Miss Teen USA 2004 title. She played Stephanie Johnson on Days of Our Lives and starred in the CW series The Secret Circle as Diana Meade. She played the character Malia Tate in Teen Wolf. Hennig also starred in horror films Unfriended as Blaire Lily and Ouija as Debbie Galardi. She has been nominated for two Emmys for her role on Days of Our Lives. She has also won a 2016 Teen Choice Award.", "Q3671": "Justin Chadwick (born 6 December 1968) is an English actor and television and film director. He's directed episodes of EastEnders, Byker Grove, The Bill, Spooks and Red Cap before directing nine of the fifteen episodes of the mini-series Bleak House, which was broadcast by the BBC in the UK and by PBS in the United States as part of its Masterpiece Theatre series.Chadwick was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or Dramatic Special, the Royal Television Society Award for Breakout Performance Behind the Scenes and the BAFTA Award for Best Direction for Bleak House, which was the Best Drama Serial winner in the British Academy Television Awards 2006.", "Q172155": "Roger Searle Penske (born February 20, 1937) is an American businessman and entrepreneur involved in professional auto racing and formerly a professional auto racing driver himself. He is most famous for his ownership of Team Penske, DJR Team Penske, the Penske Corporation, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, IndyCar, and other automotive-related businesses.\nSports Illustrated named him Sports Car Club of America Driver of the Year in 1961. After retiring from driving a few years later, he created one of the most successful teams in IndyCar Series and NASCAR racing. He is the most successful owner in the Indianapolis 500 with 18 victories. He is known by his nickname of \"The Captain\". In addition, Penske serves as a race strategist for his IndyCar team, currently for driver Will Power.Penske is a corporate director at General Electric and was chairman of Super Bowl XL in Detroit, Michigan. He was previously on the board of The Home Depot and Delphi Automotive before resigning to chair the Detroit Super Bowl Committee. He has an estimated net worth of $1.83 billion as of 2018.Penske was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2019.", "Q11420": "Judo (\u67d4\u9053, j\u016bd\u014d, Japanese pronunciation: [d\u0291\u026f\ua71c\u02d0do\u02d0], lit. \"gentle way\") is generally categorized as a modern martial art, which has since evolved into a combat and Olympic sport. The sport was created in 1882 by Jigoro Kano (\u5609\u7d0d\u6cbb\u4e94\u90ce) as a physical, mental, and moral pedagogy in Japan. With its origins coming from Jujutsu, Judo's most prominent feature is its competitive element, where the objective is to either throw or take down an opponent to the ground, immobilize or otherwise subdue an opponent with a pin, or force an opponent to submit with a joint lock or a choke. Strikes and thrusts by hands and feet as well as weapons defences are a part of judo, but only in pre-arranged forms (kata, \u5f62) and are not allowed in judo competition or free practice (randori, \u4e71\u53d6\u308a). Also refereed to as Kan\u014d Jiu-Jitsu until the introduction to the Olympic Games, A judo practitioner is called a judoka. The Judo uniform is called \"judogi\"\nThe philosophy and subsequent pedagogy developed for judo became the model for other modern Japanese martial arts that developed from kory\u016b (\u53e4\u6d41, traditional schools). Judo also spawned a number of derivative martial arts across the world, such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Krav Maga, Sambo and ARB.", "Q78496": "Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (German pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u0254n\u0281a\u02d0t \u02c8lo\u02d0\u0281\u025bnts]; 7 November 1903 \u2013 27 February 1989) was an Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist. He shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch. He is often regarded as one of the founders of modern ethology, the study of animal behavior. He developed an approach that began with an earlier generation, including his teacher Oskar Heinroth.Lorenz studied instinctive behavior in animals, especially in greylag geese and jackdaws. Working with geese, he investigated the principle of imprinting, the process by which some nidifugous birds (i.e. birds that leave their nest early) bond instinctively with the first moving object that they see within the first hours of hatching. Although Lorenz did not discover the topic, he became widely known for his descriptions of imprinting as an instinctive bond. In 1936 he met Tinbergen, and the two collaborated in developing ethology as a separate sub-discipline of biology. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Lorenz as the 65th most cited scholar of the 20th century in the technical psychology journals, introductory psychology textbooks, and survey responses.Lorenz's work was interrupted by the onset of World War II and in 1941 he was recruited into the German Army as a medic. In 1944 he was sent to the Eastern Front where he was captured by the Soviet Red Army and spent four years as a German prisoner of war in Soviet Armenia. After the war he regretted his membership in the Nazi Party.Lorenz wrote numerous books, some of which, such as King Solomon's Ring, On Aggression, and Man Meets Dog, became popular reading. His last work \"Here I Am \u2013 Where Are You?\" is a summary of his life's work and focuses on his famous studies of greylag geese.", "Q57475": "Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs (29 December 1911 \u2013 28 January 1988) was a German theoretical physicist and atomic spy who supplied information from the American, British, and Canadian Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union during and shortly after World War II. While at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Fuchs was responsible for many significant theoretical calculations relating to the first nuclear weapons and, later, early models of the hydrogen bomb. After his conviction in 1950, he served nine years in prison in the United Kingdom and then moved to East Germany where he resumed his career as a physicist and scientific leader.\nThe son of a Lutheran pastor, Fuchs attended the University of Leipzig, where his father was a professor of theology, and became involved in student politics, joining the student branch of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), and the Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold, the SPD's paramilitary organisation. He was expelled from the SPD in 1932, and joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). He went into hiding after the 1933 Reichstag fire, and fled to the United Kingdom, where he received his PhD from the University of Bristol under the supervision of Nevill Mott, and his DSc from the University of Edinburgh, where he worked as an assistant to Max Born.\nAfter the Second World War broke out in Europe, he was interned in the Isle of Man, and later in Canada. After he returned to Britain in 1941, he became an assistant to Rudolf Peierls, working on \"Tube Alloys\"\u2014the British atomic bomb project. He began passing information on the project to the Soviet Union through Ruth Kuczynski, codenamed \"Sonia\", a German communist and a major in Soviet Military Intelligence who had worked with Richard Sorge's spy ring in the Far East. In 1943, Fuchs and Peierls went to Columbia University, in New York City, to work on the Manhattan Project. In August 1944, Fuchs joined the Theoretical Physics Division at the Los Alamos Laboratory, working under Hans Bethe. His chief area of expertise was the problem of implosion, necessary for the development of the plutonium bomb. After the war, he returned to the UK and worked at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell as head of the Theoretical Physics Division.\nIn January 1950, Fuchs confessed that he was a spy. A British court sentenced him to fourteen years' imprisonment and stripped him of his British citizenship. He was released in 1959, after serving nine years, and emigrated to the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), where he was elected to the Academy of Sciences and became a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) central committee. He was later appointed deputy director of the Institute for Nuclear Research in Rossendorf, where he served until he retired in 1979.\n\n", "Q1712833": "Julius Meinl V (born 9 July 1959) is a British businessman, resident in Prague Czech Republic (since end of August 2013). He heads a substantial family business which was originally built upon the production and retailing of food products, and which was founded by his great-great-grandfather, Julius Meinl I, in Vienna in 1862.\n\n", "Q66870": "St. Gallenkappel is a former municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Goldingen and St. Gallenkappel merged into the municipality of Eschenbach.", "Q1291701": "Steven Adler (born Michael Coletti; January 22, 1965) is an American musician. He is best known as the former drummer and co-songwriter of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s. Adler was fired from Guns N' Roses over his heroin addiction in 1990, following which he reformed his old band Road Crew and briefly joined BulletBoys, which both proved unsuccessful. During the 2000s, Adler was the drummer of the band Adler's Appetite, and from 2012, he had held the same position in the band Adler. In early 2017, he declared that he has no intention to continue with the band and that the band has now dissolved, with the reason being his lack of interest in performing during poorly attended concerts. He appeared on the second and fifth seasons of the reality TV show Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew, as well as on the first season of its spin-off Sober House. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 as a member of Guns N' Roses.", "Q2439838": "Thomas Franklin Louderback, Jr. (born March 5, 1933 in Petaluma, California) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the Philadelphia Eagles. He also played in the American Football League for the Oakland Raiders and Buffalo Bills. Louderback played college football at San Jos\u00e9 State University and was drafted in the tenth round of the 1955 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins.", "Q355546": "Lee Brilleaux (born Lee John Collinson, 10 May 1952 \u2013 7 April 1994) was an English rhythm-and-blues singer and musician with the band Dr. Feelgood.", "Q1253454": "Tom Gores (born: Tewfiq Georgious, Arabic: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u200e; July 31, 1964) is an American businessman and investor. He is the founder of Platinum Equity, a private equity firm with headquarters in Beverly Hills, California. On June 1, 2011, Gores and Platinum Equity became the owners of the National Basketball Association's Detroit Pistons. He would later become sole owner of the team in 2015. Gores is also a billionaire with an estimated current net worth of $4.1 billion according to the 2019 Forbes 400 list.", "Q41217": "Mechanics (Greek \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae) is the area of physics concerned with the motions of macroscopic objects. Forces applied to objects result in displacements, or changes of an object's position relative to its environment.\nThis branch of physics has its origins in Ancient Greece with the writings of Aristotle and Archimedes (see History of classical mechanics and Timeline of classical mechanics). During the early modern period, scientists such as Galileo, Kepler, and Newton laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics.\nIt is a branch of classical physics that deals with particles that are either at rest or are moving with velocities significantly less than the speed of light. \nIt can also be defined as a branch of science which deals with the motion of and forces on bodies not in the quantum realm. The field is today less widely understood in terms of quantum theory.", "Q953097": "Roussan Camille (27 August 1912 \u2013 7 December 1961) was a Haitian poet, journalist, and diplomat.\n\n", "Q322916": "Bj\u00f6rn Hellberg (born 4 August 1944 in Bor\u00e5s, Sweden. But soon moved to Laholm already as a child) is a sports journalist, author, tennis oracle and TV personality, mostly known as co-host and referee of the television show \"P\u00e5 sp\u00e5ret\". Although he participated as a competitor during the early years of \"P\u00e5 sp\u00e5ret\", but then (in the team in which also Bengt Grive and Mats Strandberg participated), he turned out to be an \"oracle\" also in all possible subjects also outside Tennis, his absolute favorite subject. And is usually referred to as not just \"a Tennis Oracle\" but \"an Oracle\" in general. Together with his friend as equally esteem Swedish Television celebrity Ingvar Oldsberg, Hellberg has participated in many other television programmes. During the Winter Olympics 1992 in Albertville, Hellberg and Oldsberg became a television pair who eventually, so impressed by the Norwegian successes there, that they gave each other Norwegian names and told the viewers that they had to emigrate and become Norwegians, in a playful tone. Oldsberg gave Hellberg the Norwegian name \"Hellebakken\". Hellberg lives in Laholm and has also became an honorary citizen of this town in Halland, Sweden, where a street has been named after him - Hellebakken, the knick-name Oldsberg had given him during the 1992 Winter Olympics.Hellberg is also an author of not so few crime novels, initially inspired by Stieg Trenter of which some have been translated to other languages.\nIn 2011, Hellberg became a Hall of Fame member at Svenska Tennismus\u00e9et, in B\u00e5stad He has at several occasions expressed sympathies for Sunderland FC and perhaps especially their 1973 FA Cup win, after having defeated Leeds United at Wembley, Leeds was at time a very significant club. He is sometimes seen at \u00d6rjans Vall watching Halmstad BK (and also Laholm's own small club at home).", "Q345755": "Jean-Paul Salom\u00e9 (born 14 September 1960) is a French director and screenwriter.", "Q391262": "Merav Michaeli (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05d1 \u05de\u05d9\u05db\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9; born 24 November 1966) is an Israeli journalist, TV anchor, radio broadcaster and activist. She is currently a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party.", "Q18362": "Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics, which uses experimental tools to probe these phenomena.\nThe advancement of science generally depends on the interplay between experimental studies and theory. In some cases, theoretical physics adheres to standards of mathematical rigour while giving little weight to experiments and observations. For example, while developing special relativity, Albert Einstein was concerned with the Lorentz transformation which left Maxwell's equations invariant, but was apparently uninterested in the Michelson\u2013Morley experiment on Earth's drift through a luminiferous aether. Conversely, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for explaining the photoelectric effect, previously an experimental result lacking a theoretical formulation.", "Q487129": "The Communist Party of Germany (Opposition) (German: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Opposition)), generally abbreviated as KPO or KPD(O), was a communist opposition organisation established at the end of 1928 and maintaining its existence until 1939 or 1940. After the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party to power in January 1933, the KPO existed only as an illegal and underground organization. The group initially sought to modify, later to replace, the mainstream Communist Party of Germany (KPD) headed by Ernst Th\u00e4lmann. The KPO was the first national section affiliated to the International Communist Opposition (ICO).", "Q448758": "Lydia Yevgenyevna Kavina (\u041b\u0438\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430; born 8 September 1967) is a Russian-British theremin player.\nThe granddaughter of L\u00e9on Theremin's first cousin, Soviet anthropologist and primatologist Mikhail Nesturkh, Kavina was born in Moscow and began studying the instrument under the direction of L\u00e9on Theremin when she was nine years old. Five years later, she gave her first theremin concert, which marked the beginning of a musical career that has led to numerous concert, theatre, radio and television performances around the world.\nKavina has appeared as a solo performer at such prestigious venues as the Bolshoi Zal (Great Hall) of the Moscow Conservatory, Moscow International Art Centre with National Philarmonic of Russia under Vladimir Spivakov and Bellevue Palace in Berlin, the residence of the German President. She has also performed at leading festivals, including Caramoor with the Orchestra St. Luke's, New York's Lincoln Center Festival, Holland Music Festival, Martinu Festival, Electronic Music Festival in Burge and Moscow \u201cAvantgarde\u201d.\nKavina performs most of the classical theremin repertoire, including popular works for theremin by Bohuslav Martin\u016f, Joseph Schillinger, and Spellbound by Miklos Rozsa, as well as Equatorial by Edgard Var\u00e8se and the lesser known Testament by Nicolas Obouchov.\nIn addition to giving concerts, Kavina is a composer of music for theremin and teaches the instrument in Western Europe, Russia and the United States. Carolina Eyck was one of her students. Together with the London Philharmonic Orchestra, she played theremin for Howard Shore's soundtrack of the Oscar-winning film Ed Wood, as well as for eXistenZ (also by Shore) and The Machinist. Additionally, Kavina has recorded several compact discs and is the subject of an instructional video from the theremin manufacturer Moog Music. She was also featured in stage productions such as Alice and The Black Rider (both conceived and directed by Robert Wilson, with music by Tom Waits) at the Thalia Theater in Hamburg, and in collaboration with the Russian experimental surf band Messer Chups.\nLydia Kavina is an active promoter of new experimental music for the theremin. Her recent project \"Nicht zu fassen\" for theremin and accordion, together with Roman Yusipey, includes works by S.Gubaidulina, J.Cage, V.Poleva, as well as Kavina's compositions, it was performed in Germany and Ukraine. In collaboration with Barbara Buchholz and Kamerensemble Neue Musik Berlin, Kavina performed a number of concerts of contemporary works for theremin in Germany in 2005\u20132007 as part of the Touch! Don't Touch! \u2013 Music for Theremin project.\nThe most notable project of her recent career is her theremin solo in The Little Mermaid, a ballet by Lera Auerbach, choreographed by John Neumeier in Copenhagen New Opera Haus(2005), Hamburg State Opera (2007-2015) and The National Ballet of China in Beijing(2012). Kavina also played the solo in Danny Elfman's UK concert tour with BBC concert orchestra and London Concert orchestra (2013-2014).\nKavina has completed a number of her own compositions for theremin including a Concerto for Theremin and Symphony Orchestra, first performed by the Boston Modern Orchestra under the direction of Gil Rose.\nLydia Kavina is based in Oxfordshire, UK. Kavina holds a degree in composition from The Moscow Conservatory, where she also completed a postgraduate assistantship program.", "Q129637": "Boystown (Spanish: Chuecatown, for Chueca, a gay neighborhood in Madrid) is a 2007 Spanish comedy film directed by Juan Flahn.", "Q3396165": "Domingo de Basavilbaso (1709-1775) was a Spanish nobleman, who had a long public performance during the colonial period of Argentina, where he served as alcalde, regidor and comadante in the Fuerte de Buenos Aires.He was a pioneer of mail in the territories of the Viceroyalty of Peru, working for a long period as general administrator of the R\u00edo de la Plata mail.", "Q862538": "D'Artagnan and Three Musketeers (Russian: \u0434'\u0410\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c\u044f\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0451\u0440\u0430, D'Artanyan i tri mushketera) is a three-part swashbuckler musical miniseries produced in the Soviet Union and first aired in 1978. It is based on the novel The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas, p\u00e8re.\nThe film stars Mikhail Boyarsky as D'Artagnan, Veniamin Smekhov as Athos, Igor Starygin as Aramis, Valentin Smirnitsky as Porthos, Margarita Terekhova as Milady de Winter, Oleg Tabakov as King Louis XIII, Alisa Freindlich as Anne of Austria, Aleksandr Trofimov as Cardinal Richelieu, and Lev Durov as Captain de Tr\u00e9ville. The film, and its numerous songs became extremely popular in the Soviet Union throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s, and is now considered a classic.\nThree sequels were made: Musketeers Twenty Years After (1992), The Secret of Queen Anne or Musketeers Thirty Years After (1993) and The Return of the Musketeers, or The Treasures of Cardinal Mazarin (2009).", "Q951680": "Sir George Alexander (19 June 1858 \u2013 15 March 1918), born George Alexander Gibb Samson, was an English stage actor, theatre producer and theatre manager. After acting on stage as an amateur he turned professional in 1879 and, over the next eleven years, he gained experience with leading producers and actor-managers, including Tom Robertson, Henry Irving and Madge and W. H. Kendal. \nDuring this time, Alexander became interested in theatre management. In 1890 he took a lease on a London theatre and began producing on his own account. The following year, he moved to the St James's Theatre, where he remained, acting and producing, for the rest of his career. Among the most successful of the new plays he presented were Oscar Wilde's Lady Windermere's Fan (1892), A. W. Pinero's The Second Mrs Tanqueray (1893) and Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest (1895).\nAlexander followed Robertson and the Kendals in preferring a naturalistic style of writing and acting to the extravagantly theatrical manner favoured by some earlier actor-managers. He built around him a company of fine actors, many of whom were or later became leading figures in the profession, including Henry Ainley, Arthur Bourchier, Constance Collier, Julia Neilson, Fred Terry and Marion Terry. As an actor, Alexander's range was limited, and he did not attempt the great heroic roles or play much tragedy. His genre was naturalistic, and rarely very profound, comedy and drama, in which he was a recognised leader.", "Q128529": "Paul Edgar Philippe Martin (born August 28, 1938), also known as Paul Martin Jr., is a Canadian politician who served as the 21st prime minister of Canada from December 12, 2003, to February 6, 2006.\nMartin served as the Member of Parliament for the riding of LaSalle\u2014\u00c9mard in Montreal from his election in the 1988 election to his retirement in 2008. He served as minister of Finance from 1993 to 2002. He oversaw many changes in the financial structure of the Canadian government, and his policies had a direct effect on eliminating the country's chronic fiscal deficit by reforming various programs including social services.\nOn November 14, 2003, Martin succeeded Jean Chr\u00e9tien as leader of the Liberal Party and became prime minister on December 12, 2003. After the 2004 election, his Liberal Party retained power, although only as a minority government. Forced by a confidence vote to call the 2006 general election, which he lost, Martin stepped down as parliamentary leader, handing the reins to Bill Graham. The Liberals then assumed the role of official opposition to a Conservative government, led by Stephen Harper. Martin stayed on as party leader until he resigned on March 18. He was eventually succeeded by St\u00e9phane Dion.\nNow seen as a global diplomat, Martin continues to contribute on the international arena through a variety of initiatives such as Incentives for Global Health, the not-for-profit behind the Health Impact Fund, where he serves as a member of the Advisory Board.\nMartin sits as an advisor to Canada's Ecofiscal Commission.", "Q215610": "Alfred Deutsch-German (1870\u20131943) was an Austrian journalist, playwright, screenwriter, and film director. From 1913 he worked for the Wiener Kunstfilm company as a screenwriter. Between 1922 and 1934 he directed eight films. Deutsch-German worked in the Austrian film industry until the Anchluss of 1938, but with less direct involvement in the production of films towards the end.\nFollowing the Nazi takeover, the Jewish Deutsch-German went into exile in France. He was later arrested during the German occupation of France and held at the Drancy internment camp. He was later sent to Auschwitz where he was killed.\n\n", "Q7667850": "Super Cassettes Industries Private Limited, doing business as T-Series, is a music record label and film production company in India founded by Gulshan Kumar in 1983. It is primarily known for Bollywood music soundtracks and Indi-pop music. As of 2014, T-Series is India's largest music record label, with up to a 35% share of the Indian music market, followed by Sony Music India and Zee Music. T-Series also owns and operates the most-viewed and most-subscribed channel on YouTube, with over 135 million subscribers and 104 billion views as of March 2020. While best known as a music label, T-Series has also had some moderate success as a film production company.\nKumar, initially a fruit juice seller in Delhi, founded T-Series to sell pirated Bollywood songs before the company eventually began producing new music. Their breakthrough came with the soundtrack for the 1988 Bollywood blockbuster Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak, composed by Anand-Milind, written by Majrooh Sultanpuri, and starring Aamir Khan and Juhi Chawla, which became one of the best-selling Indian music albums of the 1980s, with over 8 million sales. They eventually became a leading music label with the release of Aashiqui (1990), composed by Nadeem\u2013Shravan, which sold 20 million copies and became the best-selling Indian soundtrack album of all time. However, Gulshan Kumar was murdered by the Mumbai mafia syndicate D-Company in 1997. Since then, T-Series has been led by his son Bhushan Kumar and younger brother Krishan Kumar.\nOn YouTube, T-Series has a multi-channel network, with 29 channels (excluding Lahari Music) that have more than 184 million subscribers as of July 2019. The company's YouTube team consists of 13 people at the T-Series headquarters. The company's main T-Series channel on YouTube primarily shows music videos as well as film trailers. It became the most-viewed YouTube channel in January 2017. The T-Series channel primarily features content in the Hindi language, and occasionally several other languages including English, Portuguese and Spanish. T-Series also have other channels dedicated to content in several Indian languages including Punjabi, Urdu, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bhojpuri, Gujarati, Marathi and Rajasthani.", "Q90658": "Hans Adalbert Schlettow (11 June 1888 \u2013 30 April 1945) was a German film actor. Schlettow appeared in around a hundred and sixty films during his career, the majority during the silent era. Among his best-known film roles was Hagen von Tronje in Fritz Lang's film classic Die Nibelungen (1924). In 1929 he starred in the British director Anthony Asquith's film A Cottage on Dartmoor.He was a member of the Militant League for German Culture and the National Socialist Factory Cell Organization. Schlettow died in the Battle of Berlin.", "Q243456": "Cumae (Ancient Greek: \u039a\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7, romanized: (Kum\u0113) or \u039a\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 (Kumai) or \u039a\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 (Kuma); Italian: Cuma) was the first ancient Greek colony on the mainland of Italy, founded by settlers from Euboea in the 8th century BC and soon becoming one of the strongest colonies. It later became a rich Roman city, the remains of which lie near the modern village of Cuma, a frazione of the comune Bacoli in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy.\nThe archaeological museum of the Campi Flegrei in the Aragonese castle contains many finds from Cumae.", "Q15120": "Lyskamm (German: Liskamm, formerly Lyskamm, literally \"comb of the Lys\"), also known as Silberbast (literally \"silver bast\"), is a mountain (4,527 m (14,852 ft)) in the Pennine Alps lying on the border between Switzerland and Italy. It consists of a five-kilometre-long ridge with two distinct peaks. The mountain has gained a reputation for seriousness because of the many cornices lying on the ridge and the frequent avalanches, thus leading to its nickname the Menschenfresser (\"people eater\").", "Q599303": "Jos\u00e9 Manuel Joly Braga Santos, ComSE (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0292\u0254\u02c8li \u02c8b\u027ea\u0261\u0250 \u02c8s\u0250\u0303tu\u0283]; May 14, 1924 \u2013 July 18, 1988) was a Portuguese composer and conductor, who was born and died in Lisbon. He wrote six symphonies.", "Q120613": "Martin Emerich (April 27, 1846 \u2013 September 25, 1922) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.\nBorn in Baltimore, Maryland, Emerich attended the public schools. He engaged in the importing business. He was appointed ward commissioner of the poor of Baltimore in 1870. He served as member of the Maryland House of Delegates 1881-1883. He served as aide-de-camp to Governor William T. Hamilton 1880-1884, and to Governor Elihu E. Jackson 1884-1887. He moved to Chicago, Illinois in 1887 and engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1896, when he engaged in the manufacture of bricks. He served as member of the Board of Commissioners of Cook County 1892-1894. He served as assessor of South Chicago 1897.\nEmerich was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1903 \u2013 March 3, 1905). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1904. He retired in 1907. He died while on a visit in New York City on September 25, 1922, at age 76, and was interred in Rosehill Cemetery in Chicago.\n\n", "Q177993": "Hiam Abbass (Arabic: \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u200e, Hebrew: \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0\u05dd \u05e2\u05d1\u05d0\u05e1\u200e; born 30 November 1960), also Hiyam Abbas, is an Israeli-French actress and film director.", "Q400046": "Aharon Ipal\u00e9 (December 27, 1941 \u2013 June 27, 2016) was an Israeli-American actor, known for his roles in American and British film and television productions. His credits included Fiddler on the Roof (1971), Innocent Bystanders (1972), Raid on Entebbe (1977), Too Hot to Handle (1977), The Concorde ... Airport '79 (1979), The Happy Hooker Goes Hollywood (1980), Xanadu (1980), Who Dares Wins (1982), Eye of the Widow (1991), Son of the Pink Panther (1993), The Mummy (1999), and The Mummy Returns (2001).", "Q166646": "James Ramsay MacDonald (n\u00e9 James McDonald Ramsay; 12 October 1866 \u2013 9 November 1937) was a British statesman who was the first Labour Party politician to become Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, leading minority Labour governments for nine months in 1924 and then in 1929\u201331. From 1931 to 1935, he headed a National Government dominated by the Conservative Party and supported by only a few Labour members. MacDonald was later vehemently denounced by and expelled from the party he had helped to found.\nMacDonald, along with Keir Hardie and Arthur Henderson, was one of the three principal founders of the Labour Party. He was chairman of the Labour MPs before 1914 and, after an eclipse in his career caused by his opposition to the First World War, he was Leader of the Labour Party from 1922. The second Labour Government (1929\u201331) was dominated by the Great Depression. He formed the National Government to carry out spending cuts to defend the gold standard, but it had to be abandoned after the Invergordon Mutiny, and he called a general election in 1931 seeking a \"doctor's mandate\" to fix the economy. The National coalition won an overwhelming landslide and the Labour Party was reduced to a rump of around 50 seats in the House of Commons. His health deteriorated and he stood down as Prime Minister in 1935, remaining as Lord President of the Council until retiring in 1937. He died later that year.\nMacDonald's speeches, pamphlets and books made him an important theoretician. Historian John Shepherd states that \"MacDonald's natural gifts of an imposing presence, handsome features and a persuasive oratory delivered with an arresting Highlands accent made him the iconic Labour leader\". After 1931, MacDonald was repeatedly and bitterly denounced by the Labour movement as a traitor to its cause. Since the 1960s, historians have defended his reputation, emphasising his earlier role in building up the Labour Party, dealing with the Great Depression, and as a putative forerunner of the political realignments of the 1990s and 2000s.", "Q787191": "Ram\u00f3n Covarrubias Garza (born December 8, 1945), known by his stage name Ram\u00f3n Ayala, is a Mexican musician, composer and songwriter of Norte\u00f1o music. Ayala has been featured in thirteen movies.\n\n", "Q97651": "Ernst Schwarz (born 28 January 1886 in Landsberg an der Warthe, Brandenburg \u2013 died May 29, 1958 in Twickenham) was a Communist politician.\n\nAfter attending high school, first in his hometown and then in Berlin, Schwarz attended the University of Grenoble, University of Bonn and Berlin, graduating with a doctorate. During the First World War, he briefly served as a soldier. He became involved with the labour movement in Chemnitz, following the November Revolution. He joined the SPD and was there during the suppression of the Kapp Putsch in 1920. Radicalised by the experience he moved to the USPD, accepting the post of district secretary in Kiel. By the end of the year he was with the KPD.\nIn early 1921, he was District Secretary for Hesse-Cassel, but went underground following the March Action. He was arrested in Berlin at the end of 1921 and was held prisoner in Kassel for several months. By October 1922, Schwarz was employed as a teacher in Berlin and served as a left-wing member of the party leadership for the district of Berlin-Brandenburg. When Ruth Fischer and Arkadi Maslow formed a left-wing party leadership, he became a full-time party functionary running the party organisation in Thuringia. In May, and again in December 1924, Schwarz was elected Reichstag deputy for the KPD.\nIn 1925, as the internal struggles of the KPD evolved, Schwarz belonged to the ultraleft wing. He started to criticise the Soviet Union as a counter-revolutionary state. While the party was still under Maslow and Fischer he gave up his party duties and, by May 1926, with the rise of Ernst Th\u00e4lmann to party leadership, he left the KPD completely. Together with Karl Korsch he formed the Entschiedene Linke group. He remained a member of the Reichstag, despite joining the anti-parliamentarian KAPD.\nAfter the loss of the Reichstag seat in 1928, Schwarz returned to teaching. Rather than having any party position, he concentrated on the promotion of German-French understanding. After the Nazi takeover, Schwarz initially fled to France and then to Cuba, Mexico and the U.S.. In 1944, he took U.S. citizenship. Two years before his death he moved back to Germany, where he lived in Bad Godesberg.", "Q7371": "Federico Fellini, (Italian: [fede\u02c8ri\u02d0ko fel\u02c8li\u02d0ni]; 20 January 1920 \u2013 31 October 1993) was an Italian film director and screenwriter known for his distinctive style, which blends fantasy and baroque images with earthiness. He is recognized as one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers of all time. His films have ranked in polls such as Cahiers du cin\u00e9ma and Sight & Sound, which lists his 1963 film 8\u00bd as the 10th-greatest film.\nFellini won the Palme d'Or for La Dolce Vita, was nominated for 12 Academy Awards, and won four in the category of Best Foreign Language Film, the most for any director in the history of the Academy. He received an honorary award for Lifetime Achievement at the 65th Academy Awards in Los Angeles. His other well-known films include La Strada (1954), Nights of Cabiria (1957), Juliet of the Spirits (1967), Satyricon (1969), Roma (1972), Amarcord (1973), and Fellini's Casanova (1976).\n\n", "Q176455": "Melanie Richards Griffith (born August 9, 1957) is an American film, stage, and television actress, and film producer. She began her career in the 1970s, appearing in several independent thriller films before achieving mainstream success in the mid-1980s.\nBorn in New York City to actress Tippi Hedren and advertising executive Peter Griffith, she was raised mainly in Los Angeles, where she graduated from the Hollywood Professional School at age 16. In 1975, a then 17-year-old Griffith appeared opposite Gene Hackman in Arthur Penn's film noir Night Moves. She later rose to prominence for her role portraying a pornographic actress in Brian De Palma's thriller Body Double (1984), which earned her a National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress. Griffith's subsequent performance in the comedy Something Wild (1986) garnered critical acclaim before she was cast in 1988's Working Girl, which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won her a Golden Globe.\nThe 1990s had Griffith in a series of roles that received varying critical reception; she received Golden Globe nominations for her performances in Buffalo Girls (1995), and as Marion Davies in RKO 281 (1999), while also earning a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress for her performances in Shining Through (1992), as well as receiving nominations for Crazy in Alabama (1999) and John Waters' cult film Cecil B. Demented (2000). Other credits include John Schlesinger's Pacific Heights (1990), Milk Money (1994), the neo-noir film Mulholland Falls (1996), as Charlotte Haze in Adrian Lyne's Lolita (1997), and Another Day in Paradise (1998).\nShe later starred as Barbara Marx in The Night We Called It a Day (2003), and spent the majority of the 2000s appearing on such television series as Nip/Tuck, Raising Hope, and Hawaii Five-0. After acting on stage in London, in 2003, she made her Broadway debut in a revival of the musical Chicago, receiving celebratory reviews. In the 2010s, Griffith returned to film, starring opposite then-husband Antonio Banderas in the science-fiction film Aut\u00f3mata (2014) and as an acting coach in James Franco's The Disaster Artist (2017).", "Q875722": "The St\u00e4delschule (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283t\u025b\u02d0dl\u0329\u0283u\u02d0l\u0259]), Staatliche Hochschule f\u00fcr Bildende K\u00fcnste, is a tertiary school of art in Frankfurt am Main, in central Germany. It accepts about 20 students each year from 500 applicants, and has a total of approximately 140 students of visual arts and 50 of architecture. About 75% of the students are not from Germany, and courses are taught in English.", "Q130400": "Janina Janecka, real name Janina Dobrzy\u0144ska (20 October 1893 \u2013 21 February 1938) was a Polish film actress. She appeared in eleven films between 1932 and 1938.", "Q967454": "John Florence Sullivan (May 31, 1894 \u2013 March 17, 1956), known professionally as Fred Allen, was an American comedian. His absurdist, topically pointed radio program The Fred Allen Show (1932\u20131949) made him one of the most popular and forward-looking humorists in the Golden Age of American radio.His best-remembered gag was his long-running mock feud with friend and fellow comedian Jack Benny, but it was only part of his appeal; radio historian John Dunning (in On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio) wrote that Allen was perhaps radio's most admired comedian and most frequently censored. A master ad libber, Allen often tangled with his network's executives (and often barbed them on the air over the battles) while developing routines whose style and substance influenced fellow comic talents, including Groucho Marx, Stan Freberg, Henry Morgan and Johnny Carson; his avowed fans also included President Franklin D. Roosevelt, humorist James Thurber, and novelists William Faulkner, John Steinbeck and Herman Wouk (who began his career writing for Allen).\nAllen was honored with stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for contributions to television and radio.", "Q178478": "Francis Michael \"Frank\" Duff (7 June 1889 \u2013 7 November 1980) is known especially for bringing attention to the role of the laity during the Second Vatican Council of the Roman Catholic Church as well as for founding the Legion of Mary in his native city of Dublin, Ireland.", "Q723141": "Juan Donoso Cort\u00e9s, marqu\u00e9s de Valdegamas (6 May 1809 \u2013 3 May 1853) was a Spanish author, conservative and Catholic political theorist, and diplomat. He was a descendant, through his father Pedro Donoso Cort\u00e9s, of the conquistador Hernando Cort\u00e9s.", "Q863140": "William Howard Ashton (born 19 August 1943), known professionally as Billy J. Kramer, is an English pop singer. In the 1960s he was managed by Brian Epstein, who also managed The Beatles, and he recorded several original Lennon\u2013McCartney compositions.", "Q254894": "Naomi Grace Scott (born 6 May 1993) is an English actress and singer. She is best known for starring as Princess Jasmine in Disney's musical fantasy film Aladdin (2019). Scott rose to prominence for her performances in the science fiction drama series Terra Nova (2011) and the Disney Channel teen film Lemonade Mouth (2011). She has also starred in the superhero film Power Rangers (2017) and the action comedy film Charlie's Angels (2019).", "Q81033": "Monterrey (; Spanish pronunciation: [monte\u02c8rei] (listen); is the capital and largest city of the northeastern state of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Mexico. The city is anchor to the Monterrey metropolitan area, the second most productive in Mexico with a GDP (PPP) of US$123 billion, and the third largest with an estimated population of 4,689,601 people as of 2015. Monterrey is also considered the city with the best quality of life in the country, and serves as a commercial center of northern Mexico and is the base of many significant international corporations. Its purchasing power parity-adjusted GDP per capita is considerably higher than the rest of Mexico's at around US$35,500, compared to the country's US$18,800. It is considered a Beta World City, cosmopolitan and competitive. Rich in history and culture, it is one of the most developed cities in Mexico.As an important industrial and business center, the city is also home to many Mexican companies, including Grupo Avante, Lanix Electronics, Ocresa, CEMEX, Vitro, OXXO, FEMSA, DINA S.A., Gamesa, Cuauht\u00e9moc Moctezuma Brewery, and Grupo ALFA. Monterrey is also home to international companies such as Cognizant, Siemens, Accenture, MSCI, Ternium, Sony, Toshiba, Carrier, Whirlpool, Samsung, Toyota, Babcock & Wilcox, Daewoo, British American Tobacco, Nokia, Dell, Boeing, HTC, General Electric, Johnson Controls, LG, SAS Institute, Grundfos, Danfoss, Qualfon and Teleperformance, among others.Monterrey is in northeastern Mexico, at the foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental. The uninterrupted settlement of Monterrey was founded by Diego de Montemayor in 1596. In the years after the Mexican War of Independence, Monterrey became an important business center. With the establishment of Fundidora Monterrey, the city has experienced great industrial growth.", "Q1673215": "Velocity is a novel by Dean Koontz first published in 2005. Set in Napa County, California, it is about a man in his thirties who takes the law into his own hands when, out of the blue, he is threatened by an anonymous adversary. The \"words of wisdom\" with which the novel is interspersed are direct quotations from the writings of T. S. Eliot.", "Q318320": "Johannes Marten den Uijl, better known as Joop den Uyl (Dutch: [\u02c8jo\u02d0b d\u025bn \u02c8\u0153yl] (listen); 9 August 1919 \u2013 24 December 1987) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and economist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 11 May 1973 until 19 December 1977.Den Uyl attended the Comenius Gymnasium in Hilversum from June 1931 until June 1936 and applied at the University of Amsterdam in June 1936 majoring in Economics and obtaining an Bachelor of Economics degree in June 1938. On 10 May 1940 Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands and the government fled to London to escape the German occupation. During the German occupation Den Uyl continued his study and graduated with an Master of Economics degree in April 1942. Den Uyl was sympathetic with the Dutch resistance against the German occupiers and worked as a journalist and editor for the underground newspapers Het Parool and Free Netherlands from April 1942 until January 1949. Den Uyl worked as a civil servant for the Ministry of Economic Affairs from April 1942 until May 1945. Den Uyl worked as the director of the Wiardi Beckman Foundation from January 1949 until June 1963. Den Uyl served on the Municipal Council of Amsterdam from September 1953 until April 1965. Den Uyl became a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1956 when the number of seats in the House of Representatives was raised from 100 to 150 seats, taking office on 6 November 1956. In May 1963 Den Uyl was appointed as an Alderman in Amsterdam, he resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives the day he was installed as an Alderman, taking office on 5 June 1963.\nOn 27 February 1965 the Cabinet Marijnen fell and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the cabinet formation of 1965 when it was replaced by Cabinet Cals with Den Uyl appointed as Minister of Economic Affairs, taking office on 14 April 1965. After the Leader of the Labour Party and incumbent Deputy Prime Minister Anne Vondeling unexpectedly announced he was stepping down as Leader the Labour Party leadership approached Den Uyl as a candidate to succeed him, Den Uyl accepted and became the Leader of the Labour Party and Lijsttrekker (top candidate) of the Labour Party for the election of 1967 on 13 September 1966. The Cabinet Cals fell shortly thereafter on 14 October 1966 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Zijlstra on 22 November 1966. After the election of 1967 the Labour Party suffered a small loss, losing 6 seats but retained its place as the second largest party and now had 37 seats in the House of Representatives. Den Uyl subsequently returned as a Member of the House of Representatives and became the Parliamentary leader of the Labour Party in the House of Representatives, taking office on 23 February 1967. For the election of 1971 Den Uyl served again as Lijsttrekker. The Labour Party made a small win, gaining 2 seats and became the largest party and now had 39 seats in the House of Representatives. The following cabinet formation of 1971 resulted in a coalition agreement which formed the Cabinet Biesheuvel I without the Labour Party and Den Uyl continued to serve in the House of Representatives as Opposition leader. For the election of 1972 Den Uyl served for a third time as Lijsttrekker. The Labour Party made a small win, gaining 4 seats and retained its place as the largest party and now had 43 seats in the House of Representatives. Member of the Council of State and former Leader of the Labour Party Jaap Burger was appointed as Formateur to form a new cabinet and the following cabinet formation of 1972 resulted in a coalition agreement between the Labour Party, the Catholic People's Party (KVP), the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), the Political Party of Radicals (PPR) and the Democrats 66 (D'66) which formed the Cabinet Den Uyl with Den Uyl becoming Prime Minister of the Netherlands and Minister of General Affairs, taking office on 11 May 1973.\nThe Cabinet Den Uyl fell on 22 March 1977 after four years of tensions in the coalition and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity. For the election of 1977 Den Uyl served for a fourth time as Lijsttrekker. The Labour Party made a large win, gaining 10 seats and retained its place as the largest party and now had 53 seats in the House of Representatives. Den Uyl subsequently returned as a Member of the House of Representatives and as Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives, taking office on 8 June 1977 but he was still serving in the cabinet and because of dualism customs in the constitutional convention of Dutch politics he couldn't serve a dual mandate he subsequently resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives and Parliamentary leader on 8 September 1977. Den Uyl was appointed as Formateur to form a new cabinet. Following several failed cabinet formation attempts Den Uyl stepped down as Formateur and was replaced by Member of the Senate Wil Albeda of the Anti-Revolutionary Party as Informateur. Following two more failed cabinet formation attempts the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal Dries van Agt struck a deal with the Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Hans Wiegel that resulted in a coalition agreement which formed the Van Agt\u2013Wiegel cabinet, the Cabinet Den Uyl was replaced by the Cabinet Van Agt-Wiegel on 19 December 1977 and Den Uyl subsequently returned as a Member of the House of Representatives and as Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives after the resignation of Kees van den Anker, taking office on 16 January 1978 and served again as Opposition leader. Den Uyl also served as President of the Party of European Socialists from 8 March 1980 until 19 May 1987. For the election of 1981 Den Uyl served for a fifth time as Lijsttrekker. The Labour Party suffered a big loss, losing 9 seats and fell back as the second largest party and now had 44 seats in the House of Representatives. The Following cabinet formation of 1981 resulted in a coalition agreement between the Labour Party, the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and the Democrats 66 (D'66) which formed the Cabinet Van Agt II with Den Uyl appointed as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Social Affairs and Employment and Minister for Netherlands Antilles Affairs, taking office on 11 September 1981.\nThe Cabinet Van Agt II fell just seven months into its term on 12 May 1982 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Van Agt III on 29 May 1982. For the election of 1982 Den Uyl served once again as Lijsttrekker. The Labour Party made a small win, gaining 3 seats and became the largest party and again and now had 47 seats in the House of Representatives. Den Uyl subsequently returned again as a Member of the House of Representatives and as Parliamentary leader, taking office on 16 September 1982. The following cabinet formation of 1982 resulted in a coalition agreement which formed the Cabinet Lubbers I without the Labour Party and Den Uyl continued to serve in the House of Representatives again as Opposition leader. For the election of 1986 Den Uyl served for the seventh and last time as Lijsttrekker. The Labour Party made a small win, gaining 5 seats but fell back as the second largest party and now had 52 seats in the House of Representatives. The following cabinet formation of 1986 resulted in a continuation of the previous coalition agreement which formed the Cabinet Lubbers II again without the Labour Party. Shortly after installation of the new cabinet Den Uyl announced that he was stepping down as Leader of the Labour Party and Parliamentary leader and endorsed Wim Kok as a candidate to succeed him. On 21 July 1986 Den Uyl stepped down als Leader and Parliamentary leader but continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a backbencher. In October 1987 Den Uyl was diagnosed with a terminal brain tumor, he died three months later at the age of 68.\nDen Uyl was known as an idealistic, but also polarising politician. Throughout history, Dutch political leaders have tended to soothing manners - Den Uyl was one of a relatively few exceptions. People either loved him or hated him. Followers of his idealistic policies called him Ome Joop (Uncle Joop). He was criticised for creating a budget deficit and polarising Dutch politics. Associated with Den Uyl was the maakbare samenleving (the makeable society, the idea that society is constructed and that government is a player in the construction). Another idea associated with Den Uyl was de verbeelding aan de macht (imagination in the driver's seat, the power of conceptual thinking, particularly in politics).", "Q12897": "Edson Arantes do Nascimento (Brazilian Portuguese: [\u02c8\u025bts\u00f5 (w)\u0250\u02c8\u027e\u0250\u0303t\u0283iz du n\u0250si\u02c8m\u1ebdtu]; born 23 October 1940), known as Pel\u00e9 ([pe\u02c8l\u025b]), is a Brazilian retired professional footballer who played as a forward. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time. In 1999, he was voted World Player of the Century by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS), and was one of the two joint winners of the FIFA Player of the Century award. That same year, Pel\u00e9 was elected Athlete of the Century by the International Olympic Committee. According to the IFFHS, Pel\u00e9 is the most successful domestic league goal-scorer in football history scoring 650 goals in 694 League matches, and in total 1281 goals in 1363 games, which included unofficial friendlies and is a Guinness World Record. During his playing days, Pel\u00e9 was for a period the best-paid athlete in the world.\nPel\u00e9 began playing for Santos at age 15 and the Brazil national team at 16. During his international career, he won three FIFA World Cups: 1958, 1962 and 1970, being the only player ever to do so. Pel\u00e9 is the all-time leading goalscorer for Brazil with 77 goals in 92 games. At club level he is the record goalscorer for Santos, and led them to the 1962 and 1963 Copa Libertadores. Known for connecting the phrase \"The Beautiful Game\" with football, Pel\u00e9's \"electrifying play and penchant for spectacular goals\" made him a star around the world, and his teams toured internationally in order to take full advantage of his popularity. Since retiring in 1977, Pel\u00e9 has been a worldwide ambassador for football and has made many acting and commercial ventures. In 2010, he was named the Honorary President of the New York Cosmos.\nAveraging almost a goal per game throughout his career, Pel\u00e9 was adept at striking the ball with either foot in addition to anticipating his opponents' movements on the field. While predominantly a striker, he could also drop deep and take on a playmaking role, providing assists with his vision and passing ability, and he would also use his dribbling skills to go past opponents. In Brazil, he is hailed as a national hero for his accomplishments in football and for his outspoken support of policies that improve the social conditions of the poor. Throughout his career and in his retirement, Pel\u00e9 received several individual and team awards for his performance in the field, his record-breaking achievements, and legacy in the sport.", "Q490333": "Pak Noja (born on February 5, 1973) is a Russian-born South Korean academic of Korean studies, and columnist.\n\n", "Q18404": "Henri Barbusse (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0251\u0303\u0281i ba\u0281bys]; May 17, 1873 \u2013 August 30, 1935) was a French novelist and a member of the French Communist Party. He was a lifelong friend of Albert Einstein.\n\n", "Q422581": "Cynthia Enid Olavarr\u00eda Rivera (born January 28, 1982 in Santurce) is a Puerto Rican actress, fashion model, TV host and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Puerto Rico Universe 2005 and placed 1st Runner-Up at Miss Universe 2005.", "Q181963": "Rojda Demirer (born 12 August 1980) is a Turkish theater, movie, television, and voice actress of Kurdish descent.", "Q1369910": "Ren\u00e9 Dif (born 17 October 1967) is a Danish musician, singer-songwriter, DJ and actor, best known as the male lead vocalist of the Danish eurodance group Aqua.", "Q1938341": "Ural State Technical University (USTU) is a higher education institute in Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russian Federation. It is the biggest technical institution of higher education in Russia, with close ties to local industry in the Urals. Its motto, Ingenium Creatio Labor, means \"brilliance creates work\".", "Q41571": "Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. Epileptic seizures are episodes that can vary from brief and nearly undetectable periods to long periods of vigorous shaking. These episodes can result in physical injuries, including occasionally broken bones. In epilepsy, seizures have a tendency to recur and, as a rule, have no immediate underlying cause. Isolated seizures that are provoked by a specific cause such as poisoning are not deemed to represent epilepsy. People with epilepsy may be treated differently in various areas of the world and experience varying degrees of social stigma due to their condition.The cause of most cases of epilepsy is unknown. Some cases occur as the result of brain injury, stroke, brain tumors, infections of the brain, or birth defects through a process known as epileptogenesis. Known genetic mutations are directly linked to a small proportion of cases. Epileptic seizures are the result of excessive and abnormal neuronal activity in the cortex of the brain. The diagnosis involves ruling out other conditions that might cause similar symptoms, such as fainting, and determining if another cause of seizures is present, such as alcohol withdrawal or electrolyte problems. This may be partly done by imaging the brain and performing blood tests. Epilepsy can often be confirmed with an electroencephalogram (EEG), but a normal test does not rule out the condition.Epilepsy that occurs as a result of other issues may be preventable. Seizures are controllable with medication in about 70% of cases; inexpensive anti-seizure medications are often available. In those whose seizures do not respond to medication, surgery, neurostimulation or dietary changes may then be considered. Not all cases of epilepsy are lifelong, and many people improve to the point that treatment is no longer needed.As of 2015, about 39 million people have epilepsy. Nearly 80% of cases occur in the developing world. In 2015, it resulted in 125,000 deaths, an increase from 112,000 in 1990. Epilepsy is more common in older people. In the developed world, onset of new cases occurs most frequently in babies and the elderly. In the developing world, onset is more common in older children and young adults due to differences in the frequency of the underlying causes. About 5\u201310% of people will have an unprovoked seizure by the age of 80, and the chance of experiencing a second seizure is between 40 and 50%. In many areas of the world, those with epilepsy either have restrictions placed on their ability to drive or are not permitted to drive until they are free of seizures for a specific length of time. The word epilepsy is from Ancient Greek \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, 'to seize, possess, or afflict'.", "Q1968576": "Olin Ross Howland (February 10, 1886 \u2013 September 20, 1959) was an American film and theatre actor.", "Q57313": "Jos\u00e9 Eduardo dos Santos (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8z\u025b e\u02c8\u00f0wa\u027e\u00f0u dus \u02c8s\u0250\u0303tu\u0283]; born 28 August 1942) is an Angolan politician who served as President of Angola from 1979 to 2017. As President, Jos\u00e9 Eduardo dos Santos was also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces (FAA) and President of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the party that has ruled Angola since it gained independence in 1975. He was the second-longest-serving president in Africa, surpassed only by President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, who took power less than two months before dos Santos.", "Q1395573": "Harry Laverne Anderson (October 14, 1952 \u2013 April 16, 2018) was an American actor, comedian, and magician. He is best known for the lead role of Judge Harry Stone on the 1984\u20131992 television series Night Court, and later starred in the sitcom Dave's World from 1993 to 1997.\nIn addition to eight appearances on Saturday Night Live between 1981 and 1985, Anderson had a recurring guest role as con man Harry \"The Hat\" Gittes on Cheers, toured extensively as a magician, and did several magic/comedy shows for broadcast, including Harry Anderson's Sideshow (1987). He played Richie Tozier in the 1990 miniseries It, based on the Stephen King novel of the same name.", "Q94358": "Arleen Sorkin (born October 14, 1956) is a retired American actress, screenwriter, presenter and comedian. Sorkin is known for portraying Calliope Jones on the NBC daytime serial Days of Our Lives and for inspiring and voicing the DC Comics villain Harley Quinn in Batman: The Animated Series and the many animated series and video games that followed it.", "Q373581": "Garcia de Resende (1470 \u2013 3 February 1536) was a Portuguese poet and editor. He served John II as a page and private secretary. After John's death, he continued to enjoy the same favour with Manuel I, whom he accompanied to Castile in 1498, and from whom he obtained a knighthood in the Order of Christ.In 1514, Resende went to Rome with Trist\u00e3o da Cunha, as secretary and treasurer of the embassy sent by the king to offer tribute to Pope Leo X. In 1516 he was given the rank of a nobleman of the royal household, and became escriv\u00e3o de fazenda to Prince John, afterwards King John III, from whom he received further pensions in 1525.Resende built a chapel in the monastery of Espinheiro near \u00c9vora, the pantheon of the Alentejo nobility, where he was buried.", "Q47100": "Benjamin Edward Meara Stiller (born November 30, 1965) is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, musician and director. He is the son of veteran comedians and actors Jerry Stiller and Anne Meara.After beginning his acting career with a play, Stiller wrote several mockumentaries and was offered his own show, titled The Ben Stiller Show, which he produced and hosted for its 13-episode run. Having previously acted in television, he began acting in films. He made his directorial debut with Reality Bites. Throughout his career he has written, starred in, directed, or produced more than 50 films including The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, Zoolander, The Cable Guy, There's Something About Mary, the Meet the Parents trilogy, DodgeBall, Tropic Thunder, the Madagascar series, and the Night at the Museum trilogy. He has also made numerous cameos in music videos, television shows, and films.Stiller is a member of a group of comedic actors colloquially known as the Frat Pack. His films have grossed more than $2.6 billion in Canada and the United States, with an average of $79 million per film. Throughout his career, he has received various awards and honors, including an Emmy Award, multiple MTV Movie Awards, a Britannia Award and a Teen Choice Award.", "Q61879": "Johann Friedrich, Greve Struensee (5 August 1737 \u2013 28 April 1772) was a German doctor, philosopher and statesman. He became royal physician to the mentally ill King Christian VII of Denmark and a minister in the Danish government. He rose in power to a position of \"de facto\" regent of the country, where he tried to carry out widespread reforms. His affair with Queen Caroline Matilda (\"Caroline Mathilde\") caused a scandal, especially after the birth of a daughter, Princess Louise Auguste, and was the catalyst for the intrigues and power play that caused his downfall and dramatic death.", "Q3117": "Bergisch Gladbach (German pronunciation: [\u02ccb\u025b\u0250\u032fg\u026a\u0283 \u02c8glatbax] (listen)), is a city in the Cologne/Bonn Region of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, and capital of the Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis (district).", "Q315604": "Barry Robert Pepper (born April 4, 1970) is a Canadian actor. He played Private Daniel Jackson in Saving Private Ryan (1998), Corrections Officer Dean Stanton in The Green Mile (1999), Jonnie Goodboy Tyler in Battlefield Earth (2000), Roger Maris in 61* (2001), Sergeant Michael Strank in Flags of Our Fathers (2006.) He has been nominated for three Screen Actors Guild Awards and a Golden Globe Award. For his role as Robert F. Kennedy in the miniseries The Kennedys (2011), Pepper won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie.", "Q933005": "Augustin Coppens or Aurelius Augustinus Coppens (Brussels, 9 March 1668 \u2013 Brussels, 31 August 1740) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer active in Brussels. He specialized in landscape and city views. He is now mainly known for his tapestry designs and for his drawings and prints documenting the devastating effect on the civil buildings caused by the Bombardment of Brussels by French troops in 1695.", "Q486551": "Verden an der Aller (German pronunciation: [\u02c8fe\u02d0\u0250\u032fdn\u0329 \u0294an d\u0250 \u02c8\u0294al\u0250]), also called Verden (Aller) or simply Verden, is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, on the river Aller. It is the administrative centre of the district of Verden.\nVerden is famous for a massacre of Saxons in 782, committed on the orders of Charlemagne (the Massacre of Verden), for its cathedral, and for its horse-breeding.", "Q596018": "Victor-L\u00e9vy Beaulieu (born September 2, 1945 in Saint-Paul-de-la-Croix, Quebec) is a French Canadian writer, playwright and editor.\nBorn in Saint-Paul-de-la-Croix, in the area of Bas-Saint-Laurent, Victor-L\u00e9vy Beaulieu began primary school at Trois-Pistoles, moving later to Montr\u00e9al-Nord.\nHe began his public writing career at the Montreal weekly Perspectives, where he served as chronicler for a decade (1966\u20131976). In 1967, he became a copy writer at La Presse, Petit Journal, Digest \u00c9clair, and finally at Maintenant in 1970.\nIn 1967 he won the Larousse-Hachette Prize thanks to an eighteen-page essay devoted to Victor Hugo. In 1968, he spent a year in Paris, and on his return became a scriptwriter at the Montreal radio station CKLM while resuming his position of chronicler. Also in 1968, he published his first novel M\u00e9moires d'outre-tonneau. This would be the first of a long run: Race de monde (1969) \u2014 La nuite de Malcomm Hudd (1969) \u2014 Jos Connaissant (1970) \u2014 Les Grands P\u00e8res (1971) \u2014 Un r\u00eave qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois (1972) \u2014 Oh Miami Miami Miami (1973) \u2014 Don Quichotte de la d\u00e9manche (1974).\nBeaulieu served as a teacher of literature at the National Theatre School of Canada from 1972 to 1978, and also wrote for the Radio-Canada broadcasts \"Documents\", \"Petit th\u00e9\u00e2tre\", \"Roman\", \"La Feuillaison\".\nHis recent book, James Joyce, l'Irlande et le Qu\u00e9bec, has been praised by critics.\nIn 2008 he threatened to burn copies of his entire body of work as a protest against the growth of bilingualism in Quebec and various statements by PQ leader Pauline Marois in support of English classes for francophone schoolchildren.The writer created a stir after describing Canadian Governor-General Micha\u00eblle Jean as a \"negro queen\" in L'Aut'Journal magazine. Beaulieu said Ms. Jean was appointed to the post because she was \"black, young, pretty, ambitious, and because of her husband, certainly a nationalist as well.\" In an interview with La Presse, the author defended his text, saying he had not intended to be racist. However, his eight references to the \"reine negre\" caught the attention of Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois Leader Gilles Duceppe and Bloc MP Vivian Barbot. Ms. Barbot told La Presse she found the text insulting and discriminatory, as well as a personal attack on Ms. Jean's character.\nMr. Beaulieu wrote of the \"small, black queen of Radio-Canada\" and her visit to France, where she spoke about Canadian federalism, but also saluted France for its abolition of slavery in 1847. Mr. Beaulieu noted Ms. Jean, a native of Haiti, came from a country that long suffered the effects of slavery.\nHe also attacked writer Mordecai Richler for the unsympathetic portrayal of French Canadians in his novels.", "Q513006": "Hunter Lawrence Burgan (born May 14, 1976) is an American multi-instrumentalist. He is the third and current bass guitarist of AFI.", "Q3866478": "The Mountain View Cemetery is a 226-acre (91 ha) rural cemetery in Oakland, Alameda County, California. It was established in 1863 by a group of East Bay pioneers under the California Rural Cemetery Act of 1859. The association they formed still operates the cemetery today. Mountain View was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, the landscape architect who also designed New York City's Central Park and much of UC Berkeley and Stanford University.\nMany of California's important historical figures, drawn by Olmsted's reputation, are buried here, and there are many grandiose crypts in tribute to the wealthy, especially along the ridge section with a view across the Bay to the San Francisco skyline, known as \"Millionaires' Row\". Because of this, and its beautiful setting, the cemetery is a tourist draw, and tours led by docents began in 1970.", "Q107284": "Katrin Lompscher (born 7 April 1962) is a German civil engineer and politician who has served as Senator for Urban Development and Housing in Berlin in the Senate of Governing Mayor Michael M\u00fcller since 2016. A member of The Left, she previously served as Senator for Health, Environment and Consumer Protection from 2006 to 2011 in the 3rd Senate of Governing Mayor Klaus Wowereit, and as a member of the Abgeordnetenhaus (House of Representatives) of Berlin from 2011 until her resignation in 2017.\n\n", "Q147878": "Ivan's Childhood (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, romanized: Ivanovo detstvo), sometimes released as My Name Is Ivan in the US, is a 1962 Soviet war drama film directed by Andrei Tarkovsky (his first feature film) and co-written by Mikhail Papava and an uncredited Tarkovsky, based on Vladimir Bogomolov's 1957 short story Ivan (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d). The film features child actor Nikolai Burlyayev along with Valentin Zubkov, Evgeny Zharikov, Stepan Krylov, Nikolai Grinko, and Tarkovsky's wife Irma Raush.\nIvan's Childhood tells the story of orphaned boy Ivan, whose parents were killed by the invading German forces, and his experiences during World War II. Ivan's Childhood was one of several Soviet films of its period, such as The Cranes Are Flying and Ballad of a Soldier, that looked at the human cost of war and did not glorify the war experience as did films produced before the Khrushchev Thaw. In a 1962 interview, Tarkovsky stated that in making the film he wanted to \"convey all [his] hatred of war\", and that he chose childhood \"because it is what contrasts most with war.\"Ivan's Childhood was Tarkovsky's first feature film. It won him critical acclaim and made him internationally known. It won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival in 1962 and the Golden Gate Award at the San Francisco International Film Festival in 1962. The film was also selected as the Soviet entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 36th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. Famous filmmakers such as Ingmar Bergman, Sergei Parajanov and Krzysztof Kie\u015blowski praised the film and cited it as an influence on their work.", "Q2068670": "Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi (Arabic: \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u200e;\u200e 20 August 1959 \u2013 10 September 2004), also spelled Hussein Badr Eddin al-Houthi, was a Zaidi religious, political and military leader, as well as former member of the Yemeni parliament for the Al-Haqq party between 1993 and 1997. He was instrumental in the Houthi insurgency against the Yemeni government, which began in 2004. Al-Houthi, who was a one-time rising political aspirant in Yemen, had wide religious and tribal backing in northern Yemen's mountainous regions. The Houthi movement took his name after his assassination in 2004.", "Q64929": "Islisberg is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q597306": "Michal Hornstein, (September 17, 1920 \u2013 April 25, 2016) was a Polish-born Canadian businessman, art collector and philanthropist.", "Q300547": "A Scanner Darkly is a 2006 American adult animated science-fiction thriller film written and directed by Richard Linklater; it is based on the novel of the same name by Philip K. Dick. The film tells the story of identity and deception in a near-future dystopia constantly under intrusive high-tech police surveillance in the midst of a drug addiction epidemic. The film was shot digitally and then animated using interpolated rotoscope, an animation technique in which animators trace over the original footage frame by frame, for use in live-action and animated films, giving the finished result a distinctive animated look. \nThe film features the voices of Keanu Reeves, Robert Downey Jr., Woody Harrelson, and Winona Ryder. Steven Soderbergh and George Clooney are among the executive producers. A Scanner Darkly had a limited release in July 7, 2006, and then a wider release later that month. The film was screened at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival and the 2006 Seattle International Film Festival, and nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form in 2007.", "Q193397": "Steven Siro Vai (; born June 6, 1960) is an American guitarist, composer, singer, songwriter, and producer. A three-time Grammy Award winner and fifteen-time nominee, Vai started his music career in 1978 at the age of eighteen as a transcriptionist for Frank Zappa, and played in Zappa's band from 1980 to 1983. He embarked on a solo career in 1983 and has released eight solo albums to date. He has recorded and toured with Alcatrazz, David Lee Roth, and Whitesnake, as well as recording with artists such as Public Image Ltd, Mary J. Blige, Spinal Tap, and Ozzy Osbourne. Additionally, Vai has toured with live-only acts G3, Zappa Plays Zappa, and the Experience Hendrix tour, as well as headlining international tours.Vai has been described as a \"highly individualistic player\" and part of a generation of \"heavy rock and metal virtuosi who came to the fore in the 1980s\". He released his first solo album Flex-Able in 1984, while his most successful release, Passion and Warfare (1990), was described as \"the richest and best hard rock guitar-virtuoso album of the '80s\". He was voted the \"10th Greatest Guitarist\" by Guitar World magazine, and has sold over 15 million records.", "Q136059": "Carlos Mar\u00eda Ram\u00edrez (1847 - 1898) was a Uruguayan journalist, essayist and politician.\nSon of Juan Pedro Ram\u00edrez Carrasco and Consolaci\u00f3n \u00c1lvarez y Obes; brother of Jos\u00e9 Pedro, Julio, Juan Augusto, Octavio, and Gonzalo Ram\u00edrez.He was a member of the Constitutional Party.", "Q110920": "Friederike Nadig (11 December 1897 \u2013 14 August 1970) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). One of the four women members of the Parlamentarischer Rat who drafted the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany in 1948/49, she was one of the Mothers of the Basic Law.", "Q974366": "G\u00e9rard Pierre Huet (born 7 July 1947) is a French computer scientist, linguist and mathematician. He is senior research director at INRIA and mostly known for his major and seminal contributions to type theory, programming language theory and to the theory of computation.", "Q164079": "The Kingdom of Hanover (German: K\u00f6nigreich Hannover) was established in October 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic era. It succeeded the former Electorate of Hanover (known formally as the Electorate of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg), and joined 38 other sovereign states in the German Confederation in June 1815. The kingdom was ruled by the House of Hanover, a cadet branch of the House of Welf, in personal union with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland since 1714. Since its monarch resided in London, a viceroy (usually a younger member of the British Royal Family) handled the administration of the Kingdom of Hanover.\nThe personal union with the United Kingdom ended in 1837 upon the accession of Queen Victoria because females could not inherit the Hanoverian throne, so her uncle became the ruler of Hanover. Hanover backed the losing side in the Austro-Prussian War and was conquered by Prussia in 1866, subsequently becoming a Prussian province. Along with the rest of Prussia, Hanover became part of the German Empire upon unification in January 1871. Briefly revived as the State of Hanover in 1946, the state was subsequently merged with some smaller states to form the current state of Lower Saxony in West Germany, later Germany.", "Q104955": "Elisabeth \"Else\" Zaisser (born Elisabeth Knipp: 16 November 1898 \u2013 15 December 1987) was a teacher who became secretary of state and then Minister for People's Education in the East Germany.Between 1949 and 1989 more than 130 government ministers were appointed in the German Democratic Republic. Only four were women (and one of those, Margot Honecker, was married to the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party - the leader of the country). The first of the four, appointed in April 1953, was Elisabeth Zaisser.", "Q443143": "Patience Marie Josephine Kama Dabany (born 22 January 1941; member of the Order of Gabriela Silang), also known by the names Marie Jos\u00e9phine Kama and Josephine Bongo, is a Gabonese singer and musician. Dabany served as the First Lady of Gabon from 1967 to 1987. For nearly 30 years she was married to Omar Bongo Ondimba, who was President of Gabon from 1967 to 2009. After their divorce, she successfully pursued a career in music. She is the mother of the current President of Gabon, Ali Bongo Ondimba.", "Q342774": "Frankie Laine (born Francesco Paolo LoVecchio; March 30, 1913 \u2013 February 6, 2007) was an American singer, songwriter, and actor whose career spanned nearly 75 years, from his first concerts in 1930 with a marathon dance company to his final performance of \"That's My Desire\" in 2005. Often billed as \"America's Number One Song Stylist\", his other nicknames include \"Mr. Rhythm\", \"Old Leather Lungs\", and \"Mr. Steel Tonsils\". His hits included \"That's My Desire\", \"That Lucky Old Sun\", \"Mule Train\", \"Jezebel\", \"High Noon\", \"Save Your Sorrow\", \"I Believe\", \"Hey Joe!\", \"The Kid's Last Fight\", \"Cool Water\", \"Rawhide\", and \"Lord, You Gave Me a Mountain\".\nHe sang well-known theme songs for many movie Western soundtracks, including 3:10 To Yuma, Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, and Blazing Saddles, although his recordings were not charted as a country & western. Laine sang an eclectic variety of song styles and genres, stretching from big band crooning to pop, western-themed songs, gospel, rock, folk, jazz, and blues. He did not sing the soundtrack song for High Noon, which was sung by Tex Ritter, but his own version (with somewhat altered lyrics, omitting the name of the antagonist, Frank Miller) was the one that became a bigger hit, nor did he sing the theme to another show he is commonly associated with\u2014Champion the Wonder Horse (sung by Mike Stewart)\u2014but released his own, subsequently more popular, version.\nLaine's enduring popularity was illustrated in June 2011, when a TV-advertised compilation called Hits reached No. 16 on the British chart. The accomplishment was achieved nearly 60 years after his debut on the UK chart, 64 years after his first major U.S. hit and four years after his death.", "Q125743": "Carlos Anaya (1777\u20131862) was a Uruguayan politician and historian.", "Q10070": "Jacob Appelbaum (born 1 April 1983) is an American independent journalist, computer security researcher, artist, and hacker. He studies at the Eindhoven University of Technology, and was formerly a core member of the Tor project, a free software network designed to provide online anonymity. Appelbaum is also known for representing WikiLeaks. He has displayed his art in a number of institutions across the world and has collaborated with artists such as Laura Poitras, Trevor Paglen, and Ai Weiwei. His journalistic work has been published in Der Spiegel and elsewhere. Appelbaum has repeatedly been targeted by U.S. law enforcement agencies, who obtained a court order for his Twitter account data, detained him at the U.S. border after trips abroad, and seized his laptop and several mobile phones.\nUnder the handle \"ioerror\", Appelbaum was an active member of the Cult of the Dead Cow hacker collective from 2008 to 2016. He was the co-founder of the San Francisco hackerspace Noisebridge with Mitch Altman. With several others, he co-founded the Seattle Privacy Coalition, an advocacy group. He worked for Kink.com and Greenpeace, and volunteered for the Ruckus Society and the Rainforest Action Network.Many of these organizations, as well as his employer Tor, ended their association with Appelbaum in June 2016 following allegations of sexual abuse. Appelbaum has denied the allegations. Various activists and others publicly supported Appelbaum, voicing concerns about due process, trial by social media, and questioning the reliability of the claims, while others credit the incident with changing the information security community's attitude towards sheltering known abusers. The affair has had repercussions in the on-line privacy advocacy world. While U.S. news media treated the allegations as credible, reporting in Germany, where Appelbaum lives, was sharply critical.", "Q105493": "Gerd Vespermann (1926\u20132000) was a German stage, film and television actor. He was the son of the actors Kurt Vespermann and Lia Eibensch\u00fctz.\nHe was married to the actress Hannelore Elsner from 1964 to 1966.\n\n", "Q312143": "David Andrew Platt (born 10 June 1966) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.\nBorn in Chadderton, Lancashire, Platt began his career as an apprentice at Manchester United only to later move to Crewe Alexandra where he began building a reputation as a goal-scoring midfielder. At the age of 22, he signed for Aston Villa where he gained the attention of the then England manager Bobby Robson, with whom he soon made his debut. At the 1990 FIFA World Cup, Platt increased his reputation by scoring goals with both head and feet, whilst displaying good technique, passing abilities, and high work rates. According to Rob Bagchi in The Guardian, Platt \"seized Bryan Robson's role with riveting aplomb.\" His performances in the World Cup earned him a move to Serie A club Bari in 1991.\nIn 1992, Platt moved to Juventus, where he spent one season. Platt continued scoring goals for England, playing in Euro 92 and 96. Despite his efforts, England failed to qualify for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. In 1993, he moved to Sampdoria where he stayed for two seasons before he returned to England to join up with Arsenal. Platt played with the London club for three years, being part of the Arsenal side that won the Premier League and FA Cup Double of 1998. Platt went on to manage Sampdoria and Nottingham Forest, as well as England's Under-21 team.", "Q4387781": "Hiroyuki \"Hiro\" Matsushita (\u30d2\u30ed\u677e\u4e0b, Matsushita Hiro, full Kanji:\u677e\u4e0b\u5f18\u5e78), is a former driver in the Champ Car, Formula Atlantic series who won the Toyota Atlantic Championship (Pacific) in 1989 as a first and only Japanese. He is the grandson of Konosuke Matsushita, founder of Panasonic. His father Masaharu Matsushita who served as the second President of Panasonic for sixteen years beginning in 1961. His elder brother Masayuki Matsushita is the current Vice Chairman of Panasonic. His relationship has allowed him to receive financial backing from Panasonic throughout his racing career.", "Q6304597": "Vaasa is a Finnish constituency represented in eduskunta. It covers the administrative regions of Ostrobothnia, Central Ostrobothnia and Southern Ostrobothnia. Vaasa currently elects 17 members to eduskunta.\nThe constituency is largely rural, and particularly the coastal areas around the city of Vaasa are largely Swedish-speaking. The largest party in the 2007 election was the Centre Party.", "Q785976": "Greg Shaw (January 1949 \u2013 October 19, 2004) was an American writer, publisher, magazine editor, music historian and record executive.\n\n", "Q123332": "Alice Rivaz (14 August 1901 \u2013 27 February 1998) was a Swiss author and feminist.", "Q238": "San Marino ( (listen), Italian: [sam ma\u02c8ri\u02d0no]), officially the Republic of San Marino (Italian: Repubblica di San Marino), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino), is an enclave microstate in Southern Europe, on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains, completely surrounded by Italy.It is just over 61 km2 (24 sq mi), with a population of 33,562. Its capital is the City of San Marino and its largest settlement is Dogana in the municipality of Serravalle. San Marino has the smallest population of any member of the Council of Europe. The official language is Italian, and San Marino maintains strong financial and ethno-cultural connections to its much larger neighbour. It is located close to the riviera of Rimini, one of Italy's main coastal resort areas.\nThe country derives its name from Saint Marinus, a stonemason from the Roman colony on the island of Rab, in modern-day Croatia. In AD 257, Marinus, according to legend, participated in the reconstruction of Rimini's city walls after their destruction by Liburnian pirates. Marinus then went on to found an independent monastic community on Monte Titano in AD 301; thus, San Marino lays claim to be the oldest extant sovereign state as well as the oldest constitutional republic.The nation is governed by the Constitution of San Marino (Leges Statutae Republicae Sancti Marini), a series of six books written in Latin in the late 16th century, that dictate the country's political system, among other matters. San Marino is considered to have the earliest written governing documents still in effect.The country's economy mainly relies on finance, industry, services and tourism. It is one of the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita, with a figure comparable to the most developed European regions. San Marino is considered to have a highly stable economy, with one of the lowest unemployment rates in Europe, no national debt and a budget surplus. It has the world's highest rate of car ownership, being the only country with more vehicles than people.\nSan Marino is one of only three countries in the world to be completely surrounded by another country (the others being Vatican City, also surrounded by Italy, and Lesotho, surrounded by South Africa). It is the third smallest country in Europe, after Vatican City and Monaco, and the fifth smallest country in the world.", "Q294326": "Damien Steven Hirst (; born 7 June 1965) is an English artist, entrepreneur, and art collector. He is one of the Young British Artists (YBAs), who dominated the art scene in the UK during the 1990s. He is reportedly the United Kingdom's richest living artist, with his wealth valued at \u00a3215m in the 2010 Sunday Times Rich List. During the 1990s his career was closely linked with the collector Charles Saatchi, but increasing frictions came to a head in 2003 and the relationship ended.Death is a central theme in Hirst's works. He became famous for a series of artworks in which dead animals (including a shark, a sheep and a cow) are preserved\u2014sometimes having been dissected\u2014in formaldehyde. The best-known of these was The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, a 14-foot (4.3 m) tiger shark immersed in formaldehyde in a clear display case. He has also made \"spin paintings\", created on a spinning circular surface, and \"spot paintings\", which are rows of randomly coloured circles created by his assistants.\nIn September 2008, Hirst made an unprecedented move for a living artist by selling a complete show, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby's by auction and bypassing his long-standing galleries. The auction raised \u00a3111 million ($198 million), breaking the record for a one-artist auction as well as Hirst's own record with \u00a310.3 million for The Golden Calf, an animal with 18-carat gold horns and hooves, preserved in formaldehyde.In several instances since 1999, Hirst's works have been challenged and contested as plagiarised. In one instance, after his sculpture Hymn was found to be closely based on a child's toy, legal proceedings led to an out-of-court settlement.", "Q134128": "Cnut Sweynsson (; Old English: Cnut cyng; Old Norse: Kn\u00fatr inn r\u00edki; died 12 November 1035), known as Cnut the Great or Canute, was king of Denmark, England and Norway; together often referred to as the North Sea Empire.\nYet after the deaths of his heirs within a decade of his own, and the Norman conquest of England in 1066, this legacy was lost. He is popularly invoked in the context of the legend of King Canute and the tide, which often misrepresents him as a deluded monarch believing he has supernatural powers, contrary to the original legend which portrays a wise king who rebuked his courtiers for their fawning behaviour.\nAs a Danish prince, Cnut won the throne of England in 1016 in the wake of centuries of Viking activity in northwestern Europe. Scotland submitted to him in 1017. His later accession to the Danish throne in 1018 brought the crowns of England and Denmark together. Cnut sought to keep this power-base by uniting Danes and English under cultural bonds of wealth and custom, as well as through sheer brutality. After a decade of conflict with opponents in Scandinavia, Cnut claimed the crown of Norway in Trondheim in 1028. The Swedish city Sigtuna was held by Cnut (he had coins struck there that called him king, but there is no narrative record of his occupation).Dominion of England lent the Danes an important link to the maritime zone between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, where Cnut, like his father before him, had a strong interest and wielded much influence among the Norse\u2013Gaels. Cnut's possession of England's dioceses and the continental Diocese of Denmark\u2014with a claim laid upon it by the Holy Roman Empire's Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen\u2014was a source of great prestige and leverage within the Catholic Church and among the magnates of Christendom (gaining notable concessions such as one on the price of the pallium of his bishops, though they still had to travel to obtain the pallium, as well as on the tolls his people had to pay on the way to Rome). After his 1026 victory against Norway and Sweden, and on his way back from Rome where he attended the coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor, Cnut, in a letter written for the benefit of his subjects, deemed himself \"King of all England and Denmark and the Norwegians and of some of the Swedes\". The Anglo-Saxon kings used the title \"king of the English\". Cnut was ealles Engla landes cyning\u2014\"king of all England\". Medieval historian Norman Cantor called him \"the most effective king in Anglo-Saxon history\".", "Q154804": "Leipzig University (German: Universit\u00e4t Leipzig), in Leipzig in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, is one of the world's oldest universities and the second-oldest university (by consecutive years of existence) in Germany. The university was founded on December 2, 1409 by Frederick I, Elector of Saxony and his brother William II, Margrave of Meissen, and originally comprised the four scholastic faculties. Since its inception, the university has engaged in teaching and research for over 600 years without interruption.\nFamous alumni include Leibniz, Goethe, Leopold von Ranke, Friedrich Nietzsche, Robert Schumann, Richard Wagner, Tycho Brahe, Georgius Agricola, Angela Merkel and the nine Nobel laureates associated with the university.", "Q103784": "Donald McNichol Sutherland, (born 17 July 1935) is a Canadian actor whose film career spans more than five decades. Sutherland rose to fame after starring in films including The Dirty Dozen (1967), M*A*S*H (1970), Kelly's Heroes (1970), Klute (1971), Don't Look Now (1973), Fellini's Casanova (1976), 1900 (1976), The Eagle Has Landed (1976), Animal House (1978), Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978), Ordinary People (1980), and Eye of the Needle (1981). \nHe later went on to star in many other films where he appeared either in leading or supporting roles such as A Dry White Season (1989), JFK (1991), Outbreak (1995), A Time to Kill (1996), Without Limits (1998), The Italian Job (2003), Cold Mountain (2003), Pride & Prejudice (2005), Aurora Borealis (2006) and The Hunger Games franchise (2012\u20132015).\nSutherland has been nominated for eight Golden Globe Awards, winning two for his performances in the television films Citizen X (1995) and Path to War (2002); the former also earned him a Primetime Emmy Award. An inductee of the Hollywood Walk of Fame and Canadian Walk of Fame, he also received a Canadian Academy Award for the drama film Threshold (1981). Several media outlets and film critics describe him as one of the best actors who have never received an Academy Award nomination. In 2017, he received an Academy Honorary Award for his contributions to cinema.He is the father of actors Kiefer Sutherland, Rossif Sutherland and Angus Sutherland.", "Q4859149": "Barbara A. McKinzie was from 2006 to 2010 the twenty-seventh International President of Alpha Kappa Alpha (\u0391\u039a\u0391), the first Greek-lettered sorority established and incorporated by African-American college women.\nBorn in Oklahoma, McKinzie has a B.S. degree from East Central University as well as an M.B.A. from Northwestern University. Before becoming president, she had various other roles in the sorority. She is a certified public accountant and former Comptroller at the Chicago Housing Authority.", "Q123454": "Max Bill (22 December 1908 \u2013 9 December 1994) was a Swiss architect, artist, painter, typeface designer, industrial designer and graphic designer.\n\n", "Q19054": "Matteo Bandello (French: Mathieu Bandel; c. 1480 \u2013 1562) was an Italian writer, soldier, monk, and later, a Bishop mostly known for his novellas.", "Q739657": "Current 93 are a British experimental music group, working since the early 1980s in folk-based musical forms. The band was founded in 1982 by David Tibet, who has been Current 93's only constant member.", "Q66858": "Hermann Ottomar Friedrich Goedsche (12 February 1815 \u2013 8 November 1878), also known as his pseudonym Sir John Retcliffe, was a German writer who was remembered primarily for his antisemitism.", "Q284653": "Sumire Morohoshi (\u8af8\u661f \u3059\u307f\u308c, Morohoshi Sumire, born April 23, 1999) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer from Kanagawa Prefecture. She is affiliated with Himawari Theatre Group. She debuted as a solo singer under the record label, Flying Dog.", "Q28289": "Confession of Murder (Korean: \ub0b4\uac00 \uc0b4\uc778\ubc94\uc774\ub2e4; Hanja: \ub0b4\uac00 \u6bba\u4eba\u72af\uc774\ub2e4; RR: Naega Salinbeomida; lit. \"I Am the Murderer\") is a 2012 South Korean action thriller film directed by Jung Byung-gil, starring Jung Jae-young and Park Si-hoo. It is about a police officer who is haunted for failing to capture a serial killer 15 years back, and returns to the case after a novelist publishes the book I Am the Murderer, claiming responsibility for the crimes.The film is Jung's first mainstream feature; he first drew notice for his 2008 documentary film about Korean stunt men, Action Boys. Produced by Dasepo Club co. Ltd, and distributed by Showbox, it was released on November 8, 2012, and ran for 119 minutes.", "Q76493": "Dzerzhinsk (Russian: \u0414\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a, IPA: [d\u02b2z\u02b2\u026a\u02c8r\u0290\u0268nsk]) is a city in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located along the Oka River, about 370 kilometers (230 mi) east of Moscow and 35 kilometers (22 mi) west of Nizhny Novgorod. Population: 240,742\u2009(2010 Census); 261,334\u2009(2002 Census); 285,071\u2009(1989 Census).It was previously known as Rastyapino (until 1929).", "Q324397": "Robert Stephen Hill (born November 6, 1953 in Philippines) is an American harpsichordist and fortepianist, widely regarded as one of the most important and influential harpsichordists of the present. From 1990 to 2018 he was \"Professor of Historical Keyboard Instruments, Performance Practice and Chamber Music\" at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik Freiburg, Germany, and he now serves as the \u201cEugene D. Eaton Jr. Chair in Baroque Music Performance\u201d and teaches harpsichord at the University of Colorado Boulder College of Music, in the United States.Robert Hill studied harpsichord with Gustav Leonhardt at the Amsterdam Conservatory (Soloist Diploma 1974). He completed his Ph.D. thesis about Bach at Harvard University in 1987.Amongst the awards he has received are: Erwin Bodky Award (1982), a NEA Solo Recitalist Award (1983), and the Noah Greenberg Award (1988), Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik (2001), Cannes Classical Award (1999), Diapason d'Or (2008).The works of Bach are central to his recorded repertoire. He has performed with numerous musicians including Reinhard Goebel, Gottfried von der Goltz, Dmitry Sitkovetsky, Christian Tetzlaff, Kim Kashkashian, Helmut M\u00fcller-Br\u00fchl, Nicholas McGegan, Thomas Zehetmair; and orchestras such as the Freiburg Baroque Orchestra, Cologne Chamber Orchestra, Northern Sinfonia, etc.His brother is the instrument-builder Keith Hill.", "Q277903": "Surf Nazis Must Die is a 1987 American post-apocalyptic action exploitation film directed by Peter George and starring Gail Neely, Barry Brenner, and Robert Harden. It was produced by The Institute, a production company formed by George, Craig A. Colton and Robert Tinnell, and distributed by Troma Entertainment, a company known for its low-budget exploitation films.", "Q10716": "Tibor Sekelj (14 February 1912 \u2013 20 September 1988), also known as Sz\u00e9kely Tibor according to Hungarian orthography, was a Hungarian born polyglot, explorer, author, and 'citizen of the world.' In 1986 he was elected a member of the Academy of Esperanto and an honorary member of the World Esperanto Association. Among his novels, travel books and essays, his novella Kume\u016da\u016da, la filo de la \u011dangalo (\"Kumewawa, the son of the jungle\"), a children's book about the life of Brazilian Indians, was translated into seventeen languages, and in 1987 it was voted best Children's book in Japan. In 2011 European Esperanto Union declared 2012 \"The Year of Tibor Sekelj\" to honor the 100-year anniversary of his birth.\n\n", "Q68875": "D\u00e9moret is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q210740": "William Wilkie Collins (8 January 1824 \u2013 23 September 1889) was an English novelist, playwright and short story writer best known for The Woman in White (1859) and The Moonstone (1868). The last has been called the first modern English detective novel. Born to the family of a painter, William Collins, in London, he grew up in Italy and France, learning French and Italian. He began work as a clerk for a tea merchant. After his first novel, Antonina, appeared in 1850, he met Charles Dickens, who became a close friend and mentor. Some of Collins's works appeared first in Dickens's journals All the Year Round and Household Words and they collaborated on drama and fiction. Collins achieved financial stability and an international following with his best known works in the 1860s, but began suffering from gout. Taking opium for the pain grew into an addiction. In the 1870s and 1880s his writing quality declined with his health. Collins was critical of the institution of marriage: he split his time between Caroline Graves and his common-law wife Martha Rudd, with whom he had three children.", "Q49663": "Balzers is a village located in southern Liechtenstein. As of 2019, the village had a total population of 4,642. The main part of the village is situated along the east bank of the Rhine.", "Q66680": "Schnottwil is a municipality in the district of Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland.", "Q793872": "Aziz Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m (born 2 November 1952) was the 36th chairman of the Turkish multi-sport club Fenerbah\u00e7e SK. He lost the election held in June 3, 2018 to Ali Ko\u00e7 which made him the 37th president of the Turkish club. He served the club as the president from 1998 to 2018. He has a degree in civil engineering.", "Q89321": "Fritz Gosslau (25 March 1898 \u2013 1 December 1965) was a German engineer, known for his work on the V-1 flying bomb.", "Q121243": "Ralf Zerback (born 1961) is a German historian and author.\nRalf Zerback was born in Stuttgart. He studied history in Frankfurt and Heidelberg. He was a pupil of the historian Lothar Gall. He got a doctorate with a thesis about the bourgeoisie of Munich in the 19th century. Also he worked in different research projects. He now works as a journalist and author in Frankfurt.", "Q369297": "Samuel Guthrie (1782\u20131848) was an American physician from Hounsfield, New York. He invented a form of percussion powder and also the punch lock for igniting it, which made the flintlock musket obsolete. He discovered chloroform independently in 1831.\nSamuel Guthrie was a 19th-century physician and chemist who discovered the anaesthetic chloroform (trichloromethane) in 1831, by distilling chloride of lime with alcohol in a copper barrel, using it as a mild anesthetic in amputation surgeries. The same chemical compound was discovered independently by a French scientist, Eug\u00e8ne Soubeiran, in October 1831, and by the German chemist Justus von Liebig in November 1831, but Guthrie wrote of his findings in the summer of the same year, so he is generally acknowledged as the discoverer.\nAt the age of 22, Samuel Guthrie Jr. married Sybil Sexton, who was originally from Connecticut. They traveled by way of horse and buggy to the nearby village of Smyrna to be married.\nDuring the winter of 1810 to 1811, Guthrie studied at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York (which is now Columbia University.) In January 1815, he listened to lectures at the University of Pennsylvania. These courses constituted his entire formal education.\nIn 1817, Samuel Guthrie Jr. moved to Sackets Harbor, New York, Jefferson County, in northern New York where he opened up practice as a rural doctor.\nIn addition to his medical practice, Dr. Guthrie was a successful businessman, best known in his time for manufacturing chloric ether, vinegar, and priming powder for firearms which made flintlock muskets obsolete. He also invented a process for converting potato starch into molasses and he distilled an alcohol that was reputed to be of unequaled quality in the Jefferson County.", "Q167216": "Yuri Lvovich Slezkine (Russian: \u042e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043b\u0451\u0437\u043a\u0438\u043d Y\u00fariy L'v\u00f3vich Sly\u00f3zkin; born February 7, 1956) is a Russian-born American historian, writer, and translator. He is a professor of Russian history and Director of the Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. He is best known as the author of the book The Jewish Century (2004) and The House of Government: A Saga of The Russian Revolution (2017).", "Q724160": "Mitchell David Kapor ( (listen) KAY-por; born November 1, 1950) is an American entrepreneur best known for his work as an application developer in the early days of the personal computer software industry, later founding Lotus, where he was instrumental in developing the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet. He left Lotus in 1986. In 1990 with John Perry Barlow and John Gilmore, he co-founded the Electronic Frontier Foundation, and served as its chairman until 1994. In 2003, Kapor became the founding chair of the Mozilla Foundation, creator of the open source web browser Firefox. Kapor has been an investor in the personal computing industry, and supporter of social causes via Kapor Capital and the Kapor Center. Kapor and his wife, Freada Kapor Klein, invest in social impact tech startups that seek to narrow gaps in opportunity and access for underrepresented communities and attempt to eliminate barriers to full participation across the tech ecosystem. Kapor and Klein take a comprehensive approach to removing barriers in education and the workplace for all and fixing the leaks at every stage of the tech pipeline. Kapor serves on the board of SMASH, a non-profit founded by Klein to help underrepresented scholars hone their STEM knowledge while building the networks and skills for careers in tech and the sciences.", "Q168125": "Zbigniew Stefan Messner (Polish: [\u02c8zbi\u0261\u0272\u025bf \u02c8m\u025bsn\u025br] (listen); 13 March 1929 \u2013 10 January 2014) was a Communist economist and politician in Poland. His ancestors were of German Polish descent who had assimilated into Polish society. In 1972, he became Professor of Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice. He was a member of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party from 1981 to 1988, Deputy Prime Minister from 1983 to 1985, and 53rd Prime Minister from 1985 to 1988.\nIn 1988, Messner's cabinet received a motion of no confidence in the Sejm (Parliament) and had to transfer power to Mieczys\u0142aw Rakowski. This was an unprecedented event in the Communist world, one of the strongest signs of democratic change brought by Mikhail Gorbachev. Alternatively, this change in cabinet could easily be viewed as one of many similar steps of internal reorganization conducted periodically by regimes in all Communist-dominated countries.\nHe died in Warsaw on 10 January 2014.\n\n", "Q14570": "Horw (German pronunciation: [h\u0254\u0281v]; Swiss German: Horb) is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q65389": "Alfred Dregger (10 December 1920, M\u00fcnster \u2013 29 June 2002, Fulda) was a German politician and a leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).\nDregger was born in M\u00fcnster. After graduating from a school in Werl, he entered the German Wehrmacht in 1939. He was wounded four times and served until the end of the war, when he commanded a battalion on the Eastern Front at the rank of Captain. In 1946, he began studying law and government at the universities of Marburg and T\u00fcbingen, earning his doctorate in 1950.Dregger served from 1956-70 as Oberb\u00fcrgermeister or mayor of Fulda; when first elected, he was the youngest mayor in West Germany. He also served from 1962-72 as a member of the Landtag of Hesse. He was for a time leader of the CDU in that body, and, in 1967, became state party chairman, an office which he held until 1982. In 1969 he was also elected as a member of the national board of the party. From 1972-98 he was a representative in the German Bundestag; from 1982 to 1991 he was Chairman of the CDU/CSU group there.Dregger was known as a staunch conservative and was a prominent member of the so-called Stahlhelm-Fraktion, a National-Conservative wing of the CDU.In the 1970s he was an outspoken proponent of outlawing the German Communist Party. He was responsible for the slogan \"Freiheit statt Sozialismus\" (Freedom instead of Socialism) with which the CDU had great success in the 1976 elections. In his eulogy, CDU/CSU parliamentary group leader Friedrich Merz said of him, \"Few have so clearly and categorically opposed the Left for decades\". He called for Germany to \"come out of Hitler's shadow\".He resisted criticism of the Wehrmacht, strongly opposing a travelling exhibition called Die Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941 - 1944 (The Crimes of the Wehrmacht, 1941\u20131944) and writing to United States Senators that if they discouraged Ronald Reagan from his presidential visit to the Bitburg military cemetery, he would \"consider this to be an insult to my brother and my comrades who were killed in action.\" He saw himself as a defender of Germany and the last representative of the war generation in the Bundestag.", "Q563287": "Knowles Fred Rose (August 24, 1897 or 1898 \u2013 December 1, 1954) was an American musician, Hall of Fame songwriter, and music publishing executive.", "Q1133456": "Philip Frederick Anschutz ( AN-shoots; born December 28, 1939) is an American billionaire businessman who owns or controls many companies in a variety of businesses, including energy, railroads, real estate, sports, newspapers, movies, theaters, arenas and music. His name appears on medical and educational institutions to which he has donated millions. Anschutz has been described as a Christian conservative, who has donated to openly antigay, anti-transgender, and anti-abortion causes.\nAnschutz was born to Fred and Marian Pfister Anschutz, whose memorial donations established the Anschutz Family Foundation, which has distributed over $50 million to various charitable causes, headed by Philip's sister the conservationist Sue Anschutz-Rodgers. He is also a frequent donor to groups that promote climate change denial and Christian viewpoints such as Intelligent Design.\nIn 1961, he bought out his father's oil drilling company, Circle A Drilling, and earned large returns in Wyoming. He invested in stocks, real estate and railroads. He expanded his investments to sports and entertainment companies, co-founding the American association football/soccer league Major League Soccer as well as multiple soccer teams, including the Los Angeles Galaxy, Chicago Fire, Houston Dynamo, San Jose Earthquakes, and the New York/New Jersey MetroStars. Anschutz is the principal owner of the National Hockey League's Los Angeles Kings and is a minority owner of the National Basketball Association's Los Angeles Lakers. He also owns stakes in performance venues that include the Staples Center, The O2, London, and the Dignity Health Sports Park. Through his ownership of Walden Media, he has invested in films such as The Chronicles of Narnia, Ray, and Joshua. Through the AEG Live, he owns the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. He is also the namesake of CU Anschutz, the medical campus of the University of Colorado.\nAs of October 2019, Forbes ranked him the 41st richest person in the U.S., with an estimated net worth of $11.5 billion.", "Q406379": "Norma Jean (formerly known as Luti-Kriss) is an American metalcore band from Douglasville, Georgia, a suburb of Atlanta. Since their inception in 1997, numerous line up changes have left the band with no original members. To date, Norma Jean has released eight studio albums and received a Grammy Award nomination in 2006 for Best Recording Package for their second album O God, the Aftermath. The band's name is derived from the real name of actress Marilyn Monroe.\n\n", "Q357379": "Adi\u00f3s, Sabata (Italian: Indio Black, sai che ti dico: Sei un gran figlio di..., lit. \"Indio Black, you know what I'm going to tell you... You're a big son of a...\") is a 1970 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by Gianfranco Parolini. It is the second film in The Sabata Trilogy by Parolini. Yul Brynner takes over the lead role from Lee Van Cleef, who stars in the first and third films.", "Q127632": "Son of Kong (also known as The Son of Kong) is a 1933 American Pre-Code adventure monster film produced by RKO Pictures. Directed by Ernest Schoedsack and featuring special effects by Buzz Gibson and Willis O'Brien, the film stars Robert Armstrong, Helen Mack and Frank Reicher. The film is the lesser-known sequel to King Kong and was released just nine months after its predecessor.", "Q485716": "Glendale is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 191,719, and in 2018 the population was estimated at 201,361, making it the fourth-largest city in Los Angeles County and the 23rd-largest city in California. It is located about 10 miles (16 km) north of downtown Los Angeles.\nGlendale lies in the southeastern end of the San Fernando Valley, bisected by the Verdugo Mountains, and is a suburb in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The city is bordered to the northwest by the Sun Valley and Tujunga neighborhoods of Los Angeles; to the northeast by La Ca\u00f1ada Flintridge and the unincorporated area of La Crescenta; to the west by Burbank and Griffith Park; to the east by Eagle Rock and Pasadena; to the south by the Atwater Village neighborhood of Los Angeles; and to the southeast by Glassell Park neighborhood of Los Angeles. The Golden State, Ventura, Glendale, and Foothill freeways run through the city.\nGlendale has one of the largest communities of Armenian descent in the United States.", "Q401402": "Nephritis is inflammation of the kidneys and may involve the glomeruli, tubules, or interstitial tissue surrounding the glomeruli and tubules.", "Q369283": "Daniel Pipes (born September 9, 1949) is an American historian, writer, and commentator. He is the president of the Middle East Forum, and publisher of its Middle East Quarterly journal. His writing focuses on American foreign policy and the Middle East.\nAfter graduating with a PhD from Harvard in 1978 and studying abroad, Pipes taught at universities including Harvard, Chicago, Pepperdine, and the U.S. Naval War College on a short-term basis but never held a permanent academic position. He then served as director of the Foreign Policy Research Institute, before founding the Middle East Forum. He served as an adviser to Rudy Giuliani's 2008 presidential campaign.Pipes has written sixteen books and was the Taube Distinguished Visiting Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution.", "Q448764": "Sir Stephen Harold Spender (28 February 1909 \u2013 16 July 1995) was an English poet, novelist and essayist who concentrated on themes of social injustice and the class struggle in his work. He was appointed Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the United States Library of Congress in 1965.\n\n", "Q86006": "Peter Bamm (a pen name; his real name was Curt Emmrich; 20 October 1897 in Hochneukirch, now part of J\u00fcchen, Germany \u2013 30 March 1975 in Zollikon, Switzerland) was a German writer.\nPeter Bamm volunteered for military service in World War I, after which he studied medicine and sinology in Munich, G\u00f6ttingen and Freiburg im Breisgau. As a ship's doctor he travelled the world a great deal before eventually settling in Berlin-Wedding.\nDuring World War II he served as a military doctor on the Russian Front, and later described his experiences in the book \"Die Unsichtbare Flagge\" (The Invisible Flag). After the war he travelled for study purposes between 1952 and 1957 in the Near and Middle East, after which he wrote as a journalist and feature writer for a number of Berlin newspapers.\nHe is buried in the St\u00f6cken Cemetery in Hanover.", "Q2861994": "Armand Vallin Feigenbaum (April 6, 1920 \u2013 November 13, 2014) was an American quality control expert and businessman. He devised the concept of Total Quality Control which inspired Total Quality Management (TQM).\n\n", "Q931148": "James Charles \"Jim\" Lehrer (; May 19, 1934 \u2013 January 23, 2020) was an American journalist, novelist, screenwriter, and playwright. Lehrer was the executive editor and a news anchor for the PBS NewsHour on PBS, known for his role as a debate moderator during U.S. presidential election campaigns. He authored numerous fiction and non-fiction books that drew upon his experience as a newsman, along with his interests in history and politics.", "Q832333": "Charles B. Wang (Chinese: \u738b\u5609\u5ec9; pinyin: W\u00e1ng Ji\u0101li\u00e1n; August 19, 1944 \u2013 October 21, 2018) was a Chinese-American businessman and philanthropist who was a co-founder and CEO of Computer Associates International, Inc. (later renamed to CA Technologies). He was a minority owner (and past majority owner) of the NHL's New York Islanders ice hockey team and their AHL affiliate, an investor in numerous businesses, and benefactor to charities including Smile Train.\nIn 1976, at age 31, Wang launched Computer Associates, using credit cards for funding. Wang grew Computer Associates into one of the country's largest software vendors. Wang authored two books to help executives master technology: Techno Vision (1994, McGraw-Hill) and Techno Vision II (1997, McGraw-Hill). Wang retired from Computer Associates in 2002. He was an active philanthropist, working with such organizations as Smile Train, the World Childhood Foundation, the Islanders Children's Foundation and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, among others.", "Q177011": "Hurley Haywood (born May 4, 1948) is an American race-car driver. Hurley has won multiple events, including five overall victories at the Rolex 24 at Daytona, three at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, and two at the 12 Hours of Sebring. He is credited with the 1988 Trans-Am title, two IMSA GT Championship titles and 23 wins, three Norelco Cup championships, a SuperCar title and 18 IndyCar starts.\nHe won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1977 (Porsche 936), 1983 (Porsche 956) and 1994 (Dauer 962 Le Mans) and is tied as the most successful driver at the 24 Hours of Daytona with 5 wins (1973, 1975, 1977, 1979, and 1991). He won the 12 Hours of Sebring in 1973 and 1981. He also drove in the 1980 Indianapolis 500 finishing 18th. He represented IMSA four times in the International Race of Champions (1986, 1989, 1992, 1995). In 1970, he was drafted into the army where he served as Specialist 4 with the 164th Aviation Group near Saigon during the Vietnam war. After completing his tour of duty, he won his first IMSA GT title in 1971.After Peter H. Gregg's death, Haywood was a spokesperson and executive with Brumos Automotive dealerships.He is the chief driving instructor at the Porsche Track Experience, held at the Barber Motorsports Park outside Birmingham, Alabama. Patrick Dempsey produced a documentary film, Hurley, about Haywood's life.In honour of his historical achievements, he was invited to perform the ceremonial duties of Grand Marshal at the 2019 24 Hours of Le Mans.", "Q54140": "Salem () is a historic coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts located in the North Shore region. It was settled in 1626 and was one of the most significant seaports in early American history.\nSalem is a residential and tourist area that is home to the House of Seven Gables, Salem State University, Pioneer Village, the Salem Maritime National Historic Site, Salem Willows Park, and the Peabody Essex Museum. It features historic residential neighborhoods in the Federal Street District and the Charter Street Historic District.Much of the city's cultural identity reflects its role as the location of the infamous Salem witch trials of 1692, as featured in Arthur Miller's The Crucible. Police cars are adorned with witch logos, a public elementary school is known as Witchcraft Heights, and the Salem High School athletic teams are named the Witches. Gallows Hill was originally believed to be the site of numerous public hangings and is currently a park used as a playing field for various sports.\nIn 2012, the Retailers Association of Massachusetts chose Salem for their inaugural \"Best Shopping District\" award. On January 10, 2013, President Barack Obama signed executive order HR1339, designating Salem as the birthplace of the National Guard. The city's population was 41,340 at the 2010 census.\n\n", "Q119910": "Viktor Schwanneke (8 February 1880 \u2013 7 June 1931) was a German stage director and actor, writer and film actor whose acting career began at the turn of the 20th century.", "Q120149": "Helmut Weiss (January 25, 1907 \u2013 January 13, 1969) was a German actor, screenwriter, and film director. He was notable for directing Tell the Truth the first film produced in what was to become the future West Germany after the Second World War. It was made in Hamburg in the British Zone of Occupation. Much of the film had already been made at the UFA studios in Berlin shortly before the arrival of the Red Army, but Weiss dramatically re-shot it. The film was significant in its use of outdoor locations in common with other post-war rubble films.", "Q3568976": "William Still (October 7, 1821 \u2014 July 14, 1902) was an African-American abolitionist based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was a conductor on the Underground Railroad, businessman, writer, historian and civil rights activist. Before the American Civil War, Still was chairman of the Vigilance Committee of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society. He directly aided fugitive slaves and also kept records of the people served in order to help families reunite. \nAfter the war, Still continued as a prominent businessman, a coal merchant, and philanthropist. He used his meticulous records to write an account of the underground system and the experiences of many refugee slaves, entitled The Underground Railroad Records (1872).", "Q327852": "Journey to the Sun (Turkish: G\u00fcne\u015fe Yolculuk) is a 1999 Turkish drama film written and directed by Ye\u015fim Ustao\u011flu. It was entered into the 49th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Blue Angel Award.", "Q1345578": "Robert Whitehead (3 January 1823 \u2013 14 November 1905) was an English engineer who was most famous for developing the first effective self-propelled naval torpedo.\n\n", "Q64083": "Sweet Rosie O'Grady is a 1943 Technicolor musical film about an American singer who attempts to better herself by marrying an English duke, but is harassed by a reporter. Directed by Irving Cummings, it stars Betty Grable and Robert Young.", "Q466499": "Dr. Frank Marion Wanlass (May 17, 1933 in Thatcher, AZ \u2013 September 9, 2010 in Santa Clara, California) was an American electrical engineer. He is best known for inventing CMOS (complementary MOS) logic with Chih-Tang Sah in 1963. CMOS has since become the standard semiconductor device fabrication process for MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors).", "Q87318": "", "Q84611": "Helmut M\u00fcller (born 31 May 1952 in Heidelberg) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He has been the mayor of Wiesbaden from 2007 to 2013.\n\n", "Q729450": "Lisandro Otero Gonz\u00e1lez (June 4, 1932 \u2013 January 3, 2008) was a Cuban novelist and journalist.", "Q4122": "Wolfenb\u00fcttel (German pronunciation: [\u02ccv\u0254lfn\u0329\u02c8b\u028ftl\u0329]) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, the administrative capital of Wolfenb\u00fcttel District. It is best known as the location of the internationally renowned Herzog August Library and for having the largest concentration of timber-framed buildings in Germany. It is an episcopal see of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick. It is also home to the J\u00e4germeister distillery, houses a campus of the Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, and the Landesmusikakademie of Lower Saxony.\n\n", "Q133653": "Lara Logan (born 29 March 1971) is a South African television and radio journalist and war correspondent. She was a correspondent for CBS News between 2002 and 2018. In 2019, she joined the Sinclair Broadcast Group.", "Q354664": "Luciano Catenacci (13 April 1933 \u2013 4 October 1990) was an Italian actor and production manager who worked on mainly Italian produced films during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. \n\n", "Q551547": "Anyu Angelov (Bulgarian: \u0410\u043d\u044e \u0410\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432) (born 22 December 1942 in Haskovo) is Bulgaria's Minister of Defense.\nBorn in Haskovo on December 22, 1942. He graduated the National Military Artillery School \"Georgi Dimitrov\" (now Faculty \"Artillery, Air Defense and Communications\" at NMU) with a degree in radio electronics engineer. He then studied at the Military Academy \"Rakovska\" under the program of operational and strategic direction of the armed forces. He specialized in the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR in Moscow.\nBegan his military career as a platoon leader. Later he became Chief of Staff, Commander of the Brigade. From 1987 he was Head of Staff, and between 1990 and 1992 - commander of the air defense (PVO) of the Land Forces. From 1992 to 1994 he was Deputy Commander of the Land Forces. In the period 1994-1997 was Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Bulgarian Army. Between 1997 and 2000 he was a defense attache in the UK. Then became head of the Military Academy \"G. S. Rakovski \"(until 2002). Became a member of the GOP \"GERB\" which allows him political development and was appointed Deputy Minister of Defense. On 27 January 2010 formally took office as Minister of Defense.\n\nAs Minister of Defence, Angelov is expected to have some big shoes to fill, hinted to by a US diplomatic cable recovered from Cablegate:", "Q76487": "Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse (15 March 1830 \u2013 2 April 1914) was a distinguished German writer and translator. A member of two important literary societies, the Tunnel \u00fcber der Spree in Berlin and Die Krokodile in Munich, he wrote novels, poetry, 177 short stories, and about sixty dramas. The sum of Heyse's many and varied productions made him a dominant figure among German men of letters. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1910 \"as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories.\" Wirsen, one of the Nobel judges, said that \"Germany has not had a greater literary genius since Goethe.\" Heyse is the fifth oldest laureate in literature, after Sully Prudhomme, Theodor Mommsen, Alice Munro and Jaroslav Seifert.", "Q82260": "Chen Yuan (Chinese: \u9648\u5143), born in January 1945, was the Chairman of the China Development Bank from March 1998 to April 2013. Chen Yuan then served as Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 2013 to 2018. He is the eldest son of the former Chinese Vice Premier Chen Yun.", "Q231942": "Natalie Maria Cole (February 6, 1950 \u2013 December 31, 2015) was an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Cole was the daughter of American singer and jazz pianist Nat King Cole. She rose to success in the mid-1970s as an R&B singer with the hits \"This Will Be\", \"Inseparable\" (1975), and \"Our Love\" (1977). She returned as a pop singer on the 1987 album Everlasting and her cover of Bruce Springsteen's \"Pink Cadillac\". In the 1990s, she sang traditional pop by her father, resulting in her biggest success, Unforgettable... with Love, which sold over seven million copies and won her seven Grammy Awards. She sold over 30 million records worldwide. On December 31, 2015, Cole died at the age of 65 at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, due to congestive heart failure.", "Q3116093": "Irving Bacon (born Irving Von Peters; September 6, 1893 \u2013 February 5, 1965) was an American character actor who appeared in almost 500 films.", "Q66694": "Lohn (Romansh: Lon) is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q912791": "Brian Moore ( bree-AN; 25 August 1921 \u2013 11 January 1999), was a novelist and screenwriter from Northern Ireland who emigrated to Canada and later lived in the United States. He was acclaimed for the descriptions in his novels of life in Northern Ireland after the Second World War, in particular his explorations of the inter-communal divisions of The Troubles, and has been described as \"one of the few genuine masters of the contemporary novel\". He was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1975 and the inaugural Sunday Express Book of the Year award in 1987, and he was shortlisted for the Booker Prize three times (in 1976, 1987 and 1990). Moore also wrote screenplays and several of his books were made into films.", "Q49111": "Cambridge ( KAYM-brij) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, and part of the Boston metropolitan area. As of July 2018, it was the fifth most populous city in the state, behind Boston, Worcester, Springfield, and Lowell. According to the 2010 Census, the city's population was 105,162. It is one of two de jure county seats of Middlesex County, although the county's government was abolished in 1997. Situated directly north of Boston, across the Charles River, it was named in honor of the University of Cambridge in England, once also an important center of the Puritan theology embraced by the town's founders.Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Lesley University, and Hult International Business School are in Cambridge, as was Radcliffe College before it merged with Harvard. Kendall Square in Cambridge has been called \"the most innovative square mile on the planet\" due to the high concentration of successful startups that have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010.", "Q1872260": "Loulie Jean Norman (March 12, 1913 - August 2, 2005) was a coloratura soprano who worked with arranger Gordon Jenkins. Jenkins and Norman collaborated on a number of albums. Norman was also a member of The Rhythmaires and the Ray Conniff Singers.", "Q506379": "Andrew Maitland Moravcsik (born 1957) is a Professor of Politics and director of the European Union Program at Princeton University. He is known for his research on European integration, international organizations, human rights, qualitative/historical methods, and American and European foreign policy, for developing the theory of liberal intergovernmentalism, and for his work on liberal theories of international relations. He is also active in teaching and developing qualitative methods, including the development of \"active citation\": a standard designed to render qualitative social science research transparent.Moravcsik is also a former policy-maker who currently serves as Nonresident Senior Fellow of The Brookings Institution, and book review editor (Europe) of Foreign Affairs magazine. He was previously contributing editor of Newsweek magazine and held other journalistic positions. He writes popular and scholarly work on classical music, especially opera.", "Q577580": "Jean L\u00e9opold Dominique (July 31, 1930 \u2013 April 3, 2000) was a Haitian journalist and pro-democracy activist. His station, Radio Haiti-Inter, was the first to broadcast news, investigative reporting, and political analysis in Haitian Creole, the language spoken by all Haitian people. He was assassinated on April 3, 2000, a crime for which the intellectual authors have been neither officially identified nor prosecuted.", "Q18438": "Long Island (locally: ) is a densely populated island in the southeast part of the U.S. state of New York, in the northeastern United States, beginning at New York Harbor approximately 0.35 miles (0.56 km) from Manhattan Island and extending eastward into the Atlantic Ocean. The island comprises four counties; Kings and Queens counties (the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, respectively) and Nassau County share the western third of the island, while Suffolk County occupies the eastern two-thirds. More than half of New York City's residents now live on Long Island, in Brooklyn, and in Queens. However, many people in the New York metropolitan area (even in Brooklyn and Queens) colloquially use the term Long Island (or the Island) to refer exclusively to Nassau and Suffolk Counties, and conversely, employ the term the City to mean Manhattan alone.Broadly speaking, \"Long Island\" may refer both to the main island and the surrounding outer barrier islands. North of the island is Long Island Sound, across which lie Westchester County, New York, and the state of Connecticut. Across the Block Island Sound to the northeast is the state of Rhode Island. To the west, Long Island is separated from the Bronx and the island of Manhattan by the East River. To the extreme southwest, it is separated from Staten Island and the state of New Jersey by Upper New York Bay, the Narrows, and Lower New York Bay. To the east lie Block Island\u2014which is part of the State of Rhode Island\u2014and numerous smaller islands.\nBoth the longest and the largest island in the contiguous United States, Long Island extends 118 miles (190 km) eastward from New York Harbor to Montauk Point, with a maximum north-to-south distance of 23 miles (37 km) between Long Island Sound and the Atlantic coast. With a land area of 1,401 square miles (3,630 km2), Long Island is the 11th-largest island in the United States and the 149th-largest island in the world\u2014larger than the 1,214 square miles (3,140 km2) of the smallest U.S. state, Rhode Island.With a Census-estimated population of 7,869,820 in 2017, constituting nearly 40% of New York State's population, Long Island is the most populated island in any U.S. state or territory, and the 18th-most populous island in the world (ahead of Ireland, Jamaica, and Hokkaid\u014d). Its population density is 5,595.1 inhabitants per square mile (2,160.3/km2). If Long Island geographically constituted an independent metropolitan statistical area, it would rank fourth most populous in the United States; while if it were a U.S. state, Long Island would rank thirteenth in population and first in population density. Long Island is culturally and ethnically diverse, featuring some of the wealthiest and most expensive neighborhoods in the Western Hemisphere near the shorelines as well as working-class areas in all four counties.\nAs a hub of commercial aviation, Long Island is home to two of the New York City metropolitan area's three busiest airports, JFK International Airport and LaGuardia Airport, in addition to Islip MacArthur Airport; as well as two major air traffic control radar facilities, the New York TRACON and the New York ARTCC. Nine bridges and thirteen tunnels (including railroad tunnels) connect Brooklyn and Queens to the three other boroughs of New York City. Ferries connect Suffolk County northward across Long Island Sound to the state of Connecticut. The Long Island Rail Road is the busiest commuter railroad in North America and operates 24/7. Nassau County high school students often feature prominently as winners of the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair and similar STEM-based academic awards. Biotechnology companies and scientific research play a significant role in Long Island's economy, including research facilities at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York Institute of Technology, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, the New York University Tandon School of Engineering, the City University of New York, and Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine.\n\n", "Q92715": "Phil Moorby is an engineer and computer scientist. Moorby was born and brought up in Birmingham, England, and studied Mathematics at Southampton University, England. Moorby received his Masters in computer science from Manchester University, England in 1974. He moved to the United States in 1983.While working in Gateway Design Automation, in 1984 he invented the Verilog hardware description language, and developed the first and industry standard simulator Verilog-XL. In 1990 Gateway was purchased by Cadence Design Systems.\nIn 1997 Moorby joined startup company SynaPix, where he worked on match moving and video tracking algorithms for automatically extracting 3D models from video frames, using techniques such as optical flow, motion field and point clouds.\nMoorby joined Co-Design Automation in 1999, and in 2002 he joined Synopsys to work on SystemVerilog verification language.On October 10, 2005 Moorby became the recipient of the 2005 Phil Kaufman Award for his contributions to the EDA industry, specifically for development and popularization of Verilog, one of the world's most popular tools of electronic design automation.On April 2016, Moorby was made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum, \"for his invention and promotion of the Verilog hardware description language.\"", "Q115694": "Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant, 1st Comte Vaillant (6 December 1790 \u2013 4 June 1872), born in Dijon, was a Marshal of France.\n\nVaillant entered the French army in 1809 in the corps of engineers. He served in the French invasion of Russia (1812) and the next year became a prisoner of war after the Battle of Kulm. During the Hundred Days Vaillant fought at Ligny and Waterloo. Vaillant commanded a battalion in the 1830 campaign against Algiers. Promoted to lieutenant colonel, he served under G\u00e9rard in the expedition into Belgium in 1831.\nVaillant commanded the fortress at Algiers from 1837 to 1838, recalled to France, he was made director of the \u00c9cole polytechnique. Promoted to lieutenant general, Vaillant was put in charge of the building of the Parisian fortifications in 1845 under the command of Dode de la Brunerie. In 1849, Vaillant was given command of the engineers in the French expeditionary corps to Rome. Promoted to Marshal of France in 1851, Vaillant served as Minister of War from 1854 to 1859, holding the position throughout the Crimean War. On the outbreak of the Franco-Austrian War he resigned as Minister of War in order to serve as Chief of Staff to Napoleon III, who took personal command of the French Army. In 1860, Vaillant became minister responsible for the Imperial House and in 1864, he was made Grand Chancellor of the Legion d'Honneur. After the fall of the Second French Empire in September 1870, Vaillant was banished from France but was allowed back, returning in 1871. He died in Paris the next year.", "Q333199": "Timothy Michael Healy, KC (17 May 1855 \u2013 26 March 1931) was an Irish nationalist politician, journalist, author, barrister and one of the most controversial Irish Members of Parliament (MPs) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. His political career began in the 1880s under Charles Stewart Parnell's leadership of the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP), and continued into the 1920s, when he was the first Governor-General of the Irish Free State.\n\n", "Q655799": "Steve Forrest (born 25 September 1986) is a drummer from Modesto, California, best known for his work with the British alternative rock band Placebo, which he left in 2015. Before joining Placebo, Forrest was drummer for the ambient rock band Evaline. He announced his intention to leave Evaline in January 2007, but remained with the band throughout their 2007 United States tour. During that tour, Evaline opened for Placebo, and Forrest came to be acquainted with them. In 2008 he took the vacant seat of Steve Hewitt. Unlike Placebo's previous two drummers, Forrest plays right-handed, not left. His first set with Placebo for \"Live at Angkor Wat\" in Cambodia, was his most memorable gig. Forrest was Placebo's drummer for two consecutive album tours, the Battle For The Sun tour and the Loud Like Love tour. He also contributed backing vocals live and in the studio.\nIn February 2015 it was announced that Forrest left Placebo, reportedly in order to concentrate on his own musical career, including as the frontman and songwriter for the band Planes, which he founded in London during the time he was with Placebo.\nIn early 2016, Forrest was forced to disband Planes, and relocate back to the United States due to difficulties surrounding his UK visa. In a public blog, his wife Xarah Xavier stated: \"Despite paying his 40% tax bracket for the whole of these 8 years the disgraceful nature of what the UK has now declared their IMMIGRATION LAW has forced us to re-locate to the fast paced, bright lights and creative urban community of LOS ANGELES. Thank you Tories. I salute you.\".", "Q3160663": "Jakob Axel Nielsen (born 12 April 1967 in Terndrup) is a Danish lawyer and politician representing the Conservative People's Party. He has been a member of the Folketing (Parliament of Denmark) from the 2005 to 2010 and was Minister of Traffic and of Energy in the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen II from 12 September 2007 to 23 November 2007, and Minister for Health and Prevention from 23 November 2007 to 23 February 2010 in the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen III and in the Lars L\u00f8kke Rasmussen I Cabinet. Before he was appointed minister, he was his party's spokesman on tax policy.\nNielsen grew up in Hadsund (12 km from Terndrup) in the region of Himmerland. His father and grandfather were also lawyers whilst his mother was a teacher. He graduated from the Gymnasium (secondary school) in Hobro and was educated in law at the University of Aarhus; he worked as a lawyer from 1994 until 2005 when he was elected to the Folketing.\nHis grandfather, Knud Axel Nielsen, also a lawyer, was a member of the Folketing for the Social Democratic party 1953-1973 and served as Justice Minister 1964-1968 and 1971\u20131973.", "Q70948": "Hansj\u00f6rg Felmy (31 January 1931 \u2013 24 August 2007) was a German actor.He appeared in 50 films and television shows between 1957 and 1995. He starred in the film The Marriage of Mr. Mississippi (1961), which was entered into the 11th Berlin International Film Festival. In the German television crime series Tatort he played police investigator Heinz Haferkamp from 1974 to 1980, who remains well known in Germany.\nIn his last years he suffered from osteoporosis. He died in Eching near Munich. Felmy was the son of the German airforce general and war criminal Hellmuth Felmy (1885-1965).", "Q104799": "Count Anton zu Stolberg-Wernigerode (23 October 1785 \u2212 11 February 1854), was chief minister in Magdeburg, governor in the Prussian Province of Saxony and Prussian Minister of State.", "Q83618": "The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was a power that dominated a large portion of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century. The empire formally existed from 1674 with the coronation of Shivaji as the Chhatrapati and ended in 1818 with the defeat of Peshwa Bajirao II by the hands of the British East India Company. The Marathas are credited to a large extent for ending Mughal rule in India.The Marathas were a Marathi-speaking warrior group from the western Deccan Plateau (present-day Maharashtra) who rose to prominence by establishing a Hindavi Swarajya (meaning \"self-rule of Hindu/Indian people\"). The Marathas became prominent in the 17th century under the leadership of Shivaji Maharaj, who revolted against the Adil Shahi dynasty, and carved out a kingdom with Raigad as his capital. His father, Shahji had earlier conquered Thanjavur which Shivaji's step-brother, Venkoji Rao alias Ekoji inherited and that Kingdom was known as the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom. The descendants of Venkoji Rao speak Thanjavur Marathi. Known for their mobility, the Marathas were able to consolidate their territory during the Mughal\u2013Maratha Wars and later controlled a large part of the Indian subcontinent.\nAfter the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, Shahu, grandson of Shivaji, was released by the Mughals. Following a brief struggle with his aunt Tarabai, Shahu became the ruler and appointed Balaji Vishwanath and later, his descendants, as the peshwas or prime ministers of the empire. Balaji and his descendants played a key role in the expansion of Maratha rule. The empire at its peak stretched from Tamil Nadu in the south, to Peshawar (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) in the north, and Bengal Subah in the east. The Marathas discussed abolishing the Mughal throne and placing Vishwasrao Peshwa on the Mughal imperial throne in Delhi but were not able to do so. In 1761, the Maratha Army lost the Third Battle of Panipat against Ahmad Shah Abdali of the Afghan Durrani Empire, which halted their imperial expansion into Afghanistan. Ten years after Panipat, the young Peshwa Madhavrao I's Maratha Resurrection reinstated Maratha authority over North India.\nIn a bid to effectively manage the large empire, Madhavrao gave semi-autonomy to the strongest of the knights, and created a confederacy of Maratha states. These leaders became known as the Gaekwads of Baroda, the Holkars of Indore and Malwa, the Scindias of Gwalior and Ujjain, the Bhonsales of Nagpur, the Meheres of Vidharbha and the Puars of Dhar and Dewas. In 1775, the East India Company intervened in a Peshwa family succession struggle in Pune, which led to the First Anglo-Maratha War. The Marathas were victorious. The Maratha remained the pre-eminent power in India until their defeat in the Second and Third Anglo-Maratha Wars (1805\u20131818), which resulted in the East India Company seizing control of most of India.\nA large portion of the Maratha empire was coastline, which had been secured by the potent Maratha Navy under commanders such as Kanhoji Angre. He was very successful at keeping foreign naval ships at bay, particularly those of the Portuguese and British. Securing the coastal areas and building land-based fortifications were crucial aspects of the Maratha's defensive strategy and regional military history.", "Q27810": "Mary Jane \"MJ\" Watson is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and created by Stan Lee and John Romita Sr. The character made her first appearance in The Amazing Spider-Man #25. Since then she has gone on to become Spider-Man's main love interest and later his wife. Mary Jane is generally the most famous and prominent love interest of Peter Parker due to their long history, as she is also represented in most Spider-Man media and adaptations.\nAlthough she made a brief first appearance in The Amazing Spider-Man #25 with a plant obscuring her exterior, Mary Jane's first official face reveal was in The Amazing Spider-Man #42. Designed and drawn by John Romita Sr., her entrance is regarded as one of the most iconic introductions in comic history, owing it to its build-up, her hyper-vibrant red hair and her most famous line, \"Face it, Tiger... you just hit the jackpot!\" Since then, 'Tiger' has been her most recognizable nickname for Peter Parker, spanning comics and media adaptations.\nInitially set up by Aunt May as a blind date, redheaded party girl Mary Jane \"MJ\" Watson was depicted in her early appearances as Gwen Stacy's competition. Though Peter dated her briefly before Gwen, both of them broke it off as Peter saw her flamboyance, flakiness and 'life of the party' personality as shallow and MJ was not ready to be tied down by one man. She eventually became Peter's main love interest after Gwen's death at the hands of the Green Goblin. The pair formed a bond through the grief of losing Gwen, as Mary Jane grew to become a more mature and open-hearted person. She and Peter got closer, fell deeply in love, had an on-off relationship for years and eventually married. Despite their marriage being undone due to the timeline manipulations by the villain Mephisto, Mary Jane and Peter retain a close relationship.\nStarting from her memorable debut, Mary Jane Watson has earned a place in comic polls over the years\u2014making her the most popular \"non-powered\" character in the Marvel universe and one of the best known female love interests in superhero pop culture.\n\n", "Q240605": "Anne Emily Bergl (born 25 April 1975) is an English-American actress. She is best known for her role as Rachel Lang in the supernatural horror film The Rage: Carrie 2 (1999), Annie O'Donnell on the ABC television show Men in Trees (2006\u201308), Beth Young on Desperate Housewives (2010\u201311), Tammi Bryant on the TNT drama series Southland (2009\u20132013) and Sammi Slott in Shameless (2014\u20132015). She also performs as a cabaret singer.", "Q217985": "Pavol Rankov (born 1964) is a Slovak writer. He was born in Poprad and went to school in Bratislava. He studied library science at the Comenius University, graduating in 1987. He then worked at the Slovak National Library in Martin and at the Slovak Pedagogic Library in Bratislava. In 1993, he joined the staff of the Comenius University.\nHe won the EU Prize for Literature as well as the Angelus Award for his novel Stalo sa prv\u00e9ho septembra (alebo inokedy) or It Happened on September the First (or Whenever).\nRankov lives in Bratislava.", "Q70790": "Barbara Morgenstern (born March 19, 1971) is a German electronic music artist, keyboardist and singer.", "Q225089": "Steve Berry (born September 2, 1955) is an American author and former attorney currently living in St. Augustine, Florida. He is a graduate of Mercer University's Walter F. George School of Law. He was a trial lawyer for 30 years and held elective office for 14 of those years. He is a founding member of International Thriller Writers\u2014a group of more than 4,200 thriller writers from around the world\u2014and served three years as its co-president.", "Q552728": "Simeon or Simyon Simev (born May 30, 1949 in \u0160tip) is a poet, essayist and journalist in North Macedonia.", "Q184827": "Tool is an American rock band from Los Angeles. Formed in 1990, the group's line-up includes drummer Danny Carey, guitarist Adam Jones, and vocalist Maynard James Keenan. Justin Chancellor has been the band's bassist since 1995, replacing their original bassist Paul D'Amour. Tool has won four Grammy Awards, performed worldwide tours, and produced albums topping the charts in several countries.\nTo date, the band has released five studio albums, one EP and one box set. They emerged with a heavy metal sound on their first studio album, Undertow (1993), and became a dominant act in the alternative metal movement with the release of their follow-up album \u00c6nima in 1996. Their efforts to unify musical experimentation, visual arts, and a message of personal evolution continued with Lateralus (2001) and 10,000 Days (2006), gaining critical acclaim and international commercial success. Their fifth studio album, Fear Inoculum, their first in thirteen years, was released on August 30, 2019 to widespread critical acclaim. Prior to its release, the band had sold over 13 million albums in the US alone.Due to Tool's incorporation of visual arts and very long and complex releases, the band is generally described as a style-transcending act and part of progressive rock, psychedelic rock, and art rock. The relationship between the band and today's music industry is ambivalent, at times marked by censorship, and the band's insistence on privacy.", "Q306122": "Hideto Takarai (\u5bf6\u4e95 \u79c0\u4eba, Takarai Hideto, born January 29, 1969 in Wakayama, Japan), known by his stage name Hyde, is a Japanese musician, singer-songwriter, record producer, and actor. Best known as lead vocalist of the rock band L'Arc-en-Ciel since 1991, he is also the vocalist of Vamps and has a solo career. \nHyde rose to fame in the 1990s as part of L'Arc-en-Ciel, who have sold over 40 million records and was the first Japanese act to perform a solo show at Madison Square Garden. He began a successful solo career in 2001, releasing several number one singles, and all of his albums to date have reached the top five on the Oricon chart. In 2008, Hyde teamed up with K.A.Z to form the hard rock duo Vamps.\nThrough both his solo career and Vamps, Hyde has collaborated/toured with artists such as Apocalyptica, Motionless in White, Starset, Yoshiki, Sixx:A.M., In This Moment, and Danzig, and producers such as Kane Churko, Nicholas Furlong, Drew Fulk, and Howard Benson.", "Q127140": "The Ink Spots were an American vocal jazz group who gained international fame in the 1930s and 1940s. Their unique musical style presaged the rhythm and blues and rock and roll musical genres, and the subgenre doo-wop. The Ink Spots were widely accepted in both the white and black communities, largely due to the ballad style introduced to the group by lead singer Bill Kenny.\nIn 1989, the Ink Spots (Bill Kenny, Charlie Fuqua, Deek Watson, Jerry Daniels and Orville Jones) were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and in 1999 they were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. Since the Ink Spots disbanded in 1954, there have been well over 100 vocal groups calling themselves \"The Ink Spots\" without any right to the name, and without any original members of the group. These groups often have claimed to be \"2nd generation\" or \"3rd generation\" Ink Spots.", "Q2425593": "Keith Lucas FRS (8 March 1879, Greenwich \u2013 5 October 1916, Salisbury Plain) was a British scientist who worked at Trinity College, Cambridge doing pioneering work in Neuroscience. \nHe was the son of Francis Robert and Katharine Mary (n\u00e9e Riddle) Lucas. He was educated at Rugby School and Trinity College, Cambridge where he graduated BA with a first-class in Natural Sciences in 1901. In 1902 he worked in New Zealand, on the bathymetrical survey of the lakes, and he became a Fellow of Trinity in 1904. In 1907 he became an additional University Demonstrator in physiology, and in 1908 a Lecturer in Natural Sciences.\n\nHe delivered the Royal Society Croonian Lecture in 1912. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1913; his candidacy citation read: \"Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Lecturer on Physiology. Has made important contributions to physiological science, especially in relation to the processes of excitation ... Much of the work was only made possible by the highly ingenious improvements designed by the author in the apparatus used.\"\nDuring the First World War, as a captain in the Hampshire Aircraft Parks Royal Flying Corps (TA), based at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough he was engaged in experimental research work into aerial navigation and early aeroplane compasses.Convinced that his experimental work in aviation would improve if he became a pilot, he attended a flying course at Upavon where he was instantly killed on 5 October 1916 when his aircraft BE2c 5389 collided in mid-air over Salisbury Plain with BE2c 4174, flown by 2Lt Geoffrey Plateras Lawson Jacques of the Central Flying School, who was also killed. Lucas is buried at Aldershot Military Cemetery, and is commemorated on the War memorial of Fen Ditton, Cambridgeshire\nAfter his death his wife Alys changed the family name, and, as Alys Keith-Lucas, edited a short book giving his background together with reminiscences of him and a list of his publications. They had three sons, Professors Alan Keith-Lucas, David Keith-Lucas and Bryan Keith-Lucas", "Q234184": "Che\u0142m (Polish: [x\u025bwm] (listen); German: Kulm; Ukrainian: \u0425\u043e\u043b\u043c, romanized: Cholm; Yiddish: \u05db\u05e2\u05dc\u05dd\u200e, romanized: Khelm) is a city in eastern Poland with 63,949 inhabitants (2015). It is located to the south-east of Lublin, north of Zamo\u015b\u0107 and south of Bia\u0142a Podlaska, some 25 kilometres (16 miles) from the border with Ukraine. Che\u0142m used to be the capital of the Che\u0142m Voivodeship until it became part of the Lublin Voivodeship in 1999.\nThe city is of mostly industrial character, though it also features numerous notable historical monuments and tourist attractions in the Old Town. Che\u0142m is a multiple (former) bishopric. Its name comes from the Proto-Slavic or Celtic word \"cholm\", a hill, in reference to the Wysoka G\u00f3rka fortified settlement. Che\u0142m was once a vibrant multicultural and religious centre populated by Roman Catholics, Orthodox Christians and Jews. The population was homogenized after World War II.", "Q1181596": "Deborah Sasson real name Deborah Ann O'Brien, is an American operatic soprano and musical theatre actress mostly active in Germany.", "Q1322285": "Brooke Elizabeth White (born June 2, 1983) is an American indie pop/folk-pop singer-songwriter and actress from Mesa, Arizona who was the fifth place finalist on the seventh season of American Idol. In 2005, White released her first studio album, called Songs from the Attic.\nWhite's first post-Idol album, High Hopes & Heartbreak, was released on July 21, 2009. The first single \"Hold Up My Heart\" was released on February 25, 2009, and the song debuted at number 47 on the Billboard Hot 100. The second single \"Radio Radio\" was released on June 23, 2009. She is also half of the duo Jack and White.\n\n", "Q168657": "Albert (German: Albert; 23 April 1828 \u2013 19 June 1902) was the King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.\nHe was the eldest son of Prince John (who succeeded his brother Frederick Augustus II on the Saxon throne as King John in 1854) by his wife Amalie Auguste of Bavaria.\nAlbert had a successful military career leading Saxon troops which participated in the First Schleswig War, the Austro-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War.", "Q179982": "Furio Scarpelli (16 December 1919 \u2013 28 April 2010), also called Scarpelli, was an Italian screenwriter, famous for his collaboration on numerous Commedia all'italiana films with Agenore Incrocci, forming the duo Age & Scarpelli.He was the son of journalist Filiberto Scarpelli. During his childhood he devoted himself to writing and drawing. During World War II, he started to work as an illustrator for satire magazines, together with Federico Fellini and Ettore Scola, and he met Agenore Incrocci, better known as \"Age\". \nFurio was born and died in Rome, Italy.\nIn 1949, he started his famous collaboration with Age as the duo Age & Scarpelli, writing some of the first Tot\u00f2 successes until 1952.\nTogether with Age, he worked on a total of 120 Italian movies. These include some of the most famous of all, such as Sergio Leone's The Good, the Bad and the Ugly and Mario Monicelli's I soliti ignoti. After closing his relationship with Age, he wrote several movies with Ettore Scola, and the first works of directors such as Francesca Archibugi and Paolo Virz\u00ec. His third Nomination to Oscar was for Il Postino: The Postman, written with his son Giacomo. He also taught at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia. The film Tormenti (2011), adapted from his graphic novel, was released shortly after his death.", "Q223177": "Casper is a city in and the county seat of Natrona County, Wyoming, United States. Casper is the second largest city in the state, according to the 2010 census, with a population of 55,316. Only Cheyenne, the state capital, is larger. Casper is nicknamed \"The Oil City\" and has a long history of oil boomtown and cowboy culture, dating back to the development of the nearby Salt Creek Oil Field. In 2010, Casper was named the highest-ranked family-friendly small city in the West, and ranked eighth overall in the nation in Forbes magazine's list of \"the best small cities to raise a family\".Casper is located in east-central Wyoming at the foot of Casper Mountain, the north end of the Laramie Mountain Range, and along the North Platte River.\n\n", "Q309946": "Sigebert I (c. 535 \u2013 c. 575) was a Frankish king of Austrasia from the death of his father in 561 to his own death. He was the third surviving son out of four of Clotaire I and Ingund. His reign found him mostly occupied with a successful civil war against his half-brother, Chilperic.\nWhen Clotaire I died in 561, his kingdom was divided, in accordance with Frankish custom, among his four sons: Sigebert became king of the northeastern portion, known as Austrasia, with its capital at Rheims, to which he added further territory on the death of his brother, Charibert, in 567 or 568; Charibert himself had received the kingdom centred on Paris; Guntram received the Kingdom of Burgundy with its capital at Orl\u00e9ans; and the youngest son, the aforementioned Chilperic, received Soissons, which became Neustria when he received his share of Charibert's kingdom. Incursions by the Avars, a fierce nomadic tribe related to the Huns, caused Sigebert to move his capital from Rheims to Metz. He repelled their attacks twice, in 562 and c. 568.\nAbout 567, he married Brunhilda, daughter of the Visigothic king Athanagild. According to Gregory of Tours:\n\nNow when king Sigebert saw that his brothers were taking wives unworthy of them, and to their disgrace were actually marrying slave women, he sent an embassy into Spain and with many gifts asked for Brunhilda, daughter of king Athanagild. She was a maiden beautiful in her person, lovely to look at, virtuous and well-behaved, with good sense and a pleasant address. Her father did not refuse, but sent her to the king I have named with great treasures. And the king collected his chief men, made ready a feast, and took her as his wife amid great joy and mirth. And though she was a follower of the Arian law she was converted by the preaching of the bishops and the admonition of the king himself, and she confessed the blessed Trinity in unity, and believed and was baptized. And she still remains catholic in Christ's name.\nUpon seeing this, his brother Chilperic sent to Athanagild for his other daughter's hand. This daughter, Galswintha, was given him and he abandoned his other wives. However, he soon tired of her and had her murdered in order to marry his mistress Fredegund. Probably spurred by his wife Brunhilda's anger at her sister's murder, Sigebert sought revenge. The two brothers had already been at war, but their hostility now elevated into a long and bitter war that was continued by the descendants of both.\nIn 573, Sigebert took possession of Poitiers and Touraine, and conquered most of his kingdom. Chilperic then hid in Tournai. But at Sigebert's moment of triumph, when he had just been declared king by Chilperic's subjects at Vitry-en-Artois, he was struck down by two assassins working for Fredegund.He was succeeded by his son Childebert under the regency of Brunhilda. Brunhilda and Childebert quickly put themselves under the protection of Guntram, who eventually adopted Childebert as his own son and heir. With Brunhilda he had two daughters: Ingund and Chlodosind.", "Q128924": "The World's Fastest Indian is a 2005 New Zealand biographical sports drama film based on the Invercargill, New Zealand, speed bike racer Burt Munro and his highly modified 1920 Indian Scout motorcycle. Munro set numerous land speed records for motorcycles with engines less than 1,000 cc at the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah in the late 1950s and into the 1960s. The film stars Anthony Hopkins, and was produced, written and directed by Roger Donaldson.\nThe film opened on 7 December 2005 in New Zealand to positive reviews, and quickly became the highest grossing local film at the New Zealand box-office taking in NZ$7,043,000; and taking in over US$18,297,690 worldwide. The film was theatrically released on 3 February 2006 in the United States by Magnolia Pictures; and was subsequently released on DVD on 22 December 2006 by Magnolia Home Entertainment.", "Q371625": "Brooklyn College, part of the City University of New York, is a public college in Brooklyn, New York, with about 15,000 undergraduate and 2,800 graduate students on a 35-acre campus. New York City's first public coeducational liberal arts college, it has been nicknamed, more recently, \"the poor man's Harvard.\"In 1930, Brooklyn College formed by the merger of the Brooklyn branches of Hunter College, then a women's college, and of the City College of New York, then a men's college, both established in 1926. Initially tuition-free, but suffering in New York City government's near bankrupt in 1975, Brooklyn College then closed its campus in downtown Brooklyn.\nIn 1976, with its Midwood campus intact, and newly Brooklyn College's only campus, the college charged tuition for the first time. The college maintained its high national ranking in numbers of doctoral alumni. Prominent alumni include US Senators, federal judges, US financial chairpersons, Olympians, CEOs, and recipients of Academy Awards, Emmy Awards, and Pulitzer Prizes.", "Q7896095": "The University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science, more commonly known as Penn Engineering or SEAS, is one of the four undergraduate schools of the University of Pennsylvania. The School offers programs that emphasize hands-on study of engineering fundamentals (with an offering of approximately 300 courses) while encouraging students to leverage the educational offerings of the broader University. Engineering students can also take advantage of research opportunities through interactions with Penn\u2019s School of Medicine, School of Arts and Sciences and the Wharton School.Penn Engineering offers bachelors, masters and Ph.D. degree programs in contemporary fields of engineering study. The nationally ranked bioengineering department offers the School\u2019s most popular undergraduate degree program. The Jerome Fisher Program in Management and Technology, offered in partnership with the Wharton School, allows students to simultaneously earn a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics as well as a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering. SEAS also offers several masters programs, which include: Executive Master\u2019s in Technology Management, Master of Biotechnology, Master of Computer and Information Technology, Master of Computer and Information Science and a Master of Science in Engineering in Telecommunications and Networking.", "Q224618": "Den k\u00e6re familie is a 1962 Danish comedy film directed by Erik Balling based on a play by Gustav Esmann. It was entered into the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival where cinematographer J\u00f8rgen Skov won a Silver Prize for photography.", "Q742018": "Hippolyte-Prosper-Olivier \"Lissa\" Lissagaray (November 24, 1838 in Toulouse \u2013 January 25, 1901 in Paris) was a literary animator and speaker, a Republican journalist and a French revolutionary socialist.Lissagaray was born at Toulouse to pharmacist Laurent Prosper Lissagaray and Marie-Louise Olympe Bouss\u00e8s de Foucaud. On his father's side, his great-grandfather was a landowner and farmer of 200 hectares, and his grandfather a doctor. The journalist Paul de Cassagnac was a cousin of Lissagaray, with whom he had a fractious relationship; his father's mother, Ursule (1775-1850), was the sister of Laurent Prosper Lissagaray. Disagreement over financial matters related to Ursule's dowry led to the poor relationship between the Lissagarays and Cassagnacs after Laurent Prosper Lissagaray's death.Lissagaray is known for his investigation of History of the Paris Commune of 1871, an event in which he participated. He collected testimonies from the survivors in exile in London, Switzerland and consulted all documents available at the time to ensure accuracy. He was assisted by Karl Marx in the writing of History of the Paris Commune of 1871, which was translated to English by Eleanor Marx. The current English translation is from the first edition dating in 1876. The French edition is based on the 1896 version.\nExiled in London from 1871 to 1880, he stayed in the house of the Marx family, although he was not personally liked by Mrs Marx, her daughter Laura or her husband Paul Lafargue. Eleanor \"Tussy\" Marx, the youngest daughter of Karl Marx, fell in love with \"Lissa\", 17 years older. Because of his young Tussy's depression, her father accepted the engagement between Tussy and Lissa. But at age 25, shortly after the death of her mother, Eleanor decided to break up with Lissa. He retained a strong resentment against Paul and Laura Lafargue. He had a relationship with a marchioness in the 1890s, but afterwards remained single.", "Q888334": "Robert Warren Woodruff (born August 18, 1961) is an American television journalist.", "Q1228233": "Elton Britt (born James Elton Baker; June 27, 1913 \u2013 June 22, 1972) was an American country music singer, songwriter, and musician.", "Q7118978": "PEN America (formerly PEN American Center), founded in 1922 and headquartered in New York City, is a nonprofit organization that works to defend and celebrate free expression in the United States and worldwide through the advancement of literature and human rights. With more than 7,200 members\u2014including novelists, journalists, nonfiction writers, editors, poets, essayists, playwrights, publishers, translators, agents, and other writing professionals\u2014PEN America is the largest of the more than 100 PEN centers worldwide that together compose PEN International. PEN America has offices in New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C.\nPEN America's advocacy includes work on press freedom and the safety of journalists, campus free speech, online harassment, artistic freedom, and support to regions of the world with acute free expression challenges, including Eurasia, Myanmar, and China. PEN America also campaigns for individual writers and journalists who have been imprisoned or come under threat for their work, and annually presents the PEN/Barbey Freedom to Write Award.PEN America hosts public programming and events on literature and human rights, including the PEN World Voices Festival of International Literature and the annual PEN America Literary Awards. PEN America also works to amplify underrepresented voices, including emerging authors and writers who are undocumented, incarcerated, or face obstacles in reaching audiences.\n\n", "Q575618": "The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS or RMA Sandhurst), commonly known simply as Sandhurst, is one of several military academies of the United Kingdom and is the British Army's initial officer training centre. It is located in the town of Sandhurst, Berkshire, though its ceremonial entrance is in Camberley, southwest of London. The Academy's stated aim is to be \"the national centre of excellence for leadership\". All British Army officers, including late-entry officers who were previously Warrant Officers, as well as other men and women from overseas, are trained at The Academy. Sandhurst is the British Army equivalent of the Britannia Royal Naval College and the Royal Air Force College Cranwell. Some graduates of these military academies receive further education at the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom.", "Q466670": "Kurt Doerry (24 September 1874 \u2013 4 January 1947) was a German track and field athlete. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens and the 1900 Summer Olympics held in Paris, France.Doerry was 21 years old when he competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics, there he entered three events, in the 100 metres he finished third in his heat behind eventual gold medalist Thomas Burke and fellow countryman Fritz Hofmann, so he didn't qualify for the final. In the 400 metres, again he failed to finish in the top two in his heat so didn't qualify for the final, his final event was the 110 metres hurdles, and yet again he finished outside the top two and didn't progress to the final.Later in 1896, Doerry won the 100 and 200 metres at the German Championships, and in 1899 he won the German titles in the 200 and 400 metres.Doerry also competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics held in Paris, France, he entered the 100 metres, in the first round he finished second behind American Clark Leiblee so qualified for semi-final, in the semi-final he didn't finish the race.Apart from athletics, he was also a good figure skater, cyclist and tennis player, awell as an international hockey player and a boxing referee.In 1909, Doerry was a founding member of the Deutscher Hockey-Bund and was its first president until 1914Doerry was also a journalist and author and worked many years for Sport Im Bild and would become editor-in-chief until World War II, he would also write many books concerning an athletic theme.", "Q63505": "Oscar Troplowitz (18 January 1863, Gleiwitz, Prussia (now Gliwice, Poland) \u2013 27 April 1918, Hamburg) was a German pharmacist and entrepreneur.\nTroplowitz trained at Heidelberg University and in 1890 he purchased Beiersdorf AG, which at the time was a chemist's shop and laboratory in Hamburg run by Paul Beiersdorf (1836\u20131896). Soon afterwards, Troplowitz expanded the company into selling brand-name merchandise as well.\nUnder Troplowitz's ownership, the company developed several of its own products, including Nivea, Leukoplast, Labello, and a pressure-sensitive tape that would later be known as \"Tesafilm\". As did Paul Beiersdorf, Troplowitz maintained a close business relationship with dermatologist Paul Gerson Unna (1850\u20131929). It was on a recommendation by Unna that Troplowitz hired Isaak Lifsch\u00fctz, a chemist who was the discoverer of the emulsifying agent Eucerit, the main ingredient in Nivea, a brand which he acquired in 1911 from French company Guerlain.\nTroplowitz made several reforms in regards to worker benefits at Beiersdorf, such as paid vacations, maternity leave, and a 48-hour work week.", "Q357184": "Stanis\u0142aw \"Cat\" Mackiewicz (18 December 1896 in Saint Petersburg, Russia \u2013 18 February 1966 in Warsaw, Poland) was a conservative Polish writer, journalist and monarchist.\nInterwar journalist Adolf Maria Boche\u0144ski called him the foremost political journalist of the interbellum Second Polish Republic.", "Q182701": "Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292yl a\u0281m\u0251\u0303 dyfo\u0281]; 4 December 1798 \u2013 28 June 1881) was a French statesman.", "Q110263": "Peter Moreth (28 July 1941 \u2013 4 February 2014) was a German politician and party official of the East German LDPD (party). In 1989/90 he was Local Government Deputy Chairman of the East German Council of Ministers.During the transition towards German reunification he was briefly the first president of the Treuhand, the organisation entrusted with the privatisation of East German enterprises.", "Q459480": "Alberto Girri (1919\u20131991) was an Argentine poet and writer born in Buenos Aires.", "Q583830": "Saban's Around the World in Eighty Dreams (French: Les Aventures de Carlos) is a French animated series with 26 episodes produced in 1992, animated by Saban Entertainment subsidiary Saban International Paris. The cartoon was adapted to English by Saban Entertainment and broadcast in the United States in first-run syndication in the early 1990s as part of Bohbot Entertainment's \"Amazin' Adventures\" package.\nThe show focuses on Carlos (based on the French singer Carlos), his parrot Oscar and three kids whom he adopted who live, together with him, on his own tropical Island. Carlos loves to tell the children stories about how he met world famous important figures in history in spite of the children's disbelief.\nWith the help of Grandma Tadpole, who lives on one of the beaches of the island, he travels back in time together with the children in order to prove to them that he is right.\nCarlos has the ability to transform into an ox when the group is in trouble.", "Q181208": "Ratliff Boon (January 18, 1781 \u2013 November 20, 1844) was the second Governor of Indiana from September 12 to December 5, 1822, taking office following the resignation of Governor Jonathan Jennings' after his election to Congress. A prominent politician in the state, Boon was instrumental the formation of the state Democratic Party, and he supported President Andrew Jackson's policies during his six terms representing Indiana in the United States House of Representatives.", "Q221760": "I Am Twenty (Russian: \u041c\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442, translit. Mne dvadtsat let) is a 1965 drama film directed by Marlen Khutsiev. It is Khutsiev's most famous film and considered a landmark of 1960s Soviet cinema.\nThe film was originally entitled Zastava Iliycha (known in English alternately as Ilyich's Gate or Lenin's Guard), but it was heavily censored upon completion, trimmed to half its original length, retitled and withheld from release until 1965. A restored 3-hour version was released in 1989, and is sometimes referred to by the original title.", "Q67763": "Giornico is a municipality in the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q3339235": "A neurological disorder is any disorder of the nervous system. Structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord or other nerves can result in a range of symptoms. Examples of symptoms include paralysis, muscle weakness, poor coordination, loss of sensation, seizures, confusion, pain and altered levels of consciousness. There are many recognized neurological disorders, some relatively common, but many rare. They may be assessed by neurological examination, and studied and treated within the specialities of neurology and clinical neuropsychology.\nInterventions for neurological disorders include preventive measures, lifestyle changes, physiotherapy or other therapy, neurorehabilitation, pain management, medication, operations performed by neurosurgeons or a specific diet. The World Health Organization estimated in 2006 that neurological disorders and their sequelae (direct consequences) affect as many as one billion people worldwide, and identified health inequalities and social stigma/discrimination as major factors contributing to the associated disability and suffering.", "Q174929": "Tertullian (; full name Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus; c. 155 \u2013 c. 240? AD) was a prolific early Christian author from Carthage in the Roman province of Africa. Of Berber origin, he was the first Christian author to produce an extensive corpus of Latin Christian literature. He also was an early Christian apologist and a polemicist against heresy, including contemporary Christian Gnosticism. Tertullian has been called \"the father of Latin Christianity\" and \"the founder of Western theology.\"Though conservative in his worldview, Tertullian originated new theological concepts and advanced the development of early Church doctrine. He is perhaps most famous for being the first writer in Latin known to use the term trinity (Latin: trinitas). \nUnlike many Church fathers, Tertullian was never recognized as a saint by the Eastern or Western catholic tradition churches. Several of his teachings on issues such as the clear subordination of the Son and Spirit to the Father, and his condemnation of remarriage for widows and of fleeing from persecution, contradicted the doctrines of these traditions.", "Q365650": "Allan J. Pinkerton (25 August 1819 \u2013 1 July 1884) was a Scottish\u2013American detective and spy, best known for creating the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.", "Q1367256": "Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT, Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442), known informally as PhysTech (\u0424\u0438\u0437\u0442\u0435\u0445), is a Russian university, originally established in the Soviet Union. It prepares specialists in theoretical and applied physics, applied mathematics and related disciplines.\nThe main MIPT campus is located in Dolgoprudny, a northern suburb of Moscow. However the Aeromechanics Department is based in Zhukovsky, a suburb south-east of Moscow.", "Q727694": "Standard Chinese, also known as Modern Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin, Modern Standard Mandarin Chinese (MSMC), or simply Mandarin, is a standard variety of Chinese that is one of the official languages of China. Its pronunciation is based on the Beijing dialect, its vocabulary on the Mandarin dialects, and its grammar is based on written vernacular Chinese. The similar Taiwanese Mandarin is a national language of Taiwan. Standard Singaporean Mandarin is one of the four official languages of Singapore.\nLike other varieties of Chinese, Standard Chinese is a tonal language with topic-prominent organization and subject\u2013verb\u2013object word order. It has more initial consonants but fewer vowels, final consonants and tones than southern varieties. Standard Chinese is an analytic language, though with many compound words.\nStandard Chinese is a standardised form of the language called Putonghua in Mainland China. Guoyu (Standard Taiwanese Mandarin) is a similar linguistic standard in Taiwan. Aside from a number of differences in pronunciation and vocabulary, Putonghua is written using simplified Chinese characters (plus Hanyu Pinyin romanization for teaching), and Guoyu is written using traditional Chinese characters (plus Zhuyin for teaching). Many characters are identical between the two systems.\n\n", "Q154421": "Eddie Asner (; born November 15, 1929), also credited as Edward Asner, is an American actor, voice actor, and a former president of the Screen Actors Guild. He is primarily known for his role as Lou Grant during the 1970s and early 1980s, on both The Mary Tyler Moore Show and its spin-off series Lou Grant, making him one of the few television actors to portray the same character in both a comedy and a drama. He is the most honored male performer in the history of the Primetime Emmy Awards, having won seven, five for portraying Lou Grant (three as Supporting Actor in a Comedy Television Series and two as Lead Actor in a Dramatic Television Series). His other Emmys were for performances in two of the most significant mini-television series of the 1970s: Rich Man, Poor Man (1976), where he won for Outstanding Lead Actor for a Single Performance in a TV series, and Roots (1977), for which he won for Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in a TV series.He played John Wayne's adversary Bart Jason in the 1966 Western El Dorado. He has played Santa Claus in several films, notably in 2003's Elf. In 2009, he starred as the voice of Carl Fredricksen in Pixar's animated film Up, and made a guest appearance on CSI: NY in the episode \"Yahrzeit\". In early 2011, Asner returned to television as butcher Hank Greziak in Working Class, the first original sitcom on cable channel CMT. He starred in the Canadian television series Michael, Tuesdays and Thursdays, on CBC Television and appeared in the 2013 television series The Glades. Asner guest-starred as Guy Redmayne, a homophobic billionaire who supports Alicia Florrick's campaign, in the sixth season of The Good Wife.", "Q48958": "Neuilly-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: [n\u00f8ji sy\u0281 s\u025bn] (listen)), known as Neuilly, is a commune in the department of Hauts-de-Seine in France, just west of Paris. Immediately adjacent to the city, the area is composed of mostly select residential neighbourhoods, as well as many corporate headquarters and a handful of foreign embassies. It is the wealthiest and most expensive suburb of Paris.Together with the 16th and 7th arrondissement of Paris, the town of Neuilly-sur-Seine forms the most affluent and prestigious residential area in the whole of France.", "Q251287": "Waylon Arnold Jennings (June 15, 1937 \u2013 February 13, 2002) was an American singer, songwriter, and musician.\nJennings first played guitar at age eight and first performed at age twelve on KVOW radio, after which he formed his first band, The Texas Longhorns. Jennings left high school at age sixteen, determined to become a musician, and bounced around as a performer and DJ on KVOW, KDAV, KYTI, KLLL, in Coolidge, Arizona, and Phoenix.\nIn 1958, Buddy Holly arranged Jennings's first recording session, and hired him to play bass. Jennings gave up his seat on the ill-fated flight in 1959 that crashed and killed Holly, J. P. \"The Big Bopper\" Richardson and Ritchie Valens.\nJennings formed a rockabilly club band, The Waylors, which became the house band at \"JD's\", a club in Scottsdale, Arizona. He recorded for independent label Trend Records and A&M Records, but did not achieve success until moving to RCA Victor, taking on Neil Reshen as a manager, who negotiated significantly better touring and recording contracts for him.\nAfter finally wresting creative control from RCA Victor, his career turning point became the critically acclaimed albums Lonesome, On'ry and Mean and Honky Tonk Heroes, followed by hit LPs Dreaming My Dreams and Are You Ready for the Country. During the 1970s, Jennings was instrumental in the inception of outlaw country and with Willie Nelson, Tompall Glaser, and Jessi Colter recorded country music's first platinum album, Wanted! The Outlaws. It was followed by Ol' Waylon and the hit song \"Luckenbach, Texas\".\nJennings was featured in the 1978 album White Mansions, performed by various artists documenting the lives of people in the Confederacy during the Civil War. Jennings also appeared in films and television series, including Sesame Street, and a stint as the balladeer for The Dukes of Hazzard, composing and singing the show's theme song and providing narration for the show.\nBy the early 1980s, Jennings struggled with a cocaine addiction, which he overcame in 1984. Later, he joined the country supergroup The Highwaymen with Willie Nelson, Kris Kristofferson, and Johnny Cash, which released three albums between 1985 and 1995. During that period, Jennings released the successful album Will the Wolf Survive.\nHe toured less after 1997 to spend more time with his family. Between 1999 and 2001, his appearances were limited by health problems. In 2001, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. In 2007, he was posthumously awarded the Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award by the Academy of Country Music.", "Q165824": "Johanna Kinkel (8 July 1810 \u2013 15 November 1858), born Maria Johanna Mockel, was a German composer, writer, pedagogue, and revolutionary.", "Q521249": "Grigore Gafencu (Romanian pronunciation: [\u0261ri\u02c8\u0261ore \u0261a\u02c8fe\u014bku]; b. January 30, 1892, B\u00e2rlad - d. January 30, 1957, Paris) was a Romanian politician, diplomat and journalist.\n\n", "Q61474": "Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz (27 December 1796 \u2013 2 August 1877) was a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall. He was born at Eisenach and joined the army of Prussia during the War of Liberation. Over the Seven Weeks' War he led the V Corps against Austria and became known as the Lion of Nachod for his victories as the Battles of Nachod, Skalitz, and Schweinsch\u00e4del. Steinmetz commanded one of three armies assembled on the Rhine for the Franco-Prussian War, during which he quarreled with Prince Friedrich Karl. After the war he retired.\n\n", "Q238557": "Alfonsina Storni (29 May 1892 \u2013 25 October 1938) was an Argentine poet of the modernist period.", "Q1321565": "The England cricket team represents England and Wales in international cricket. Since 1997, it has been governed by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), having been previously governed by Marylebone Cricket Club (the MCC) since 1903. England, as a founding nation, is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) status. Until the 1990s, Scottish and Irish players also played for England as those countries were not yet ICC members in their own right.\nEngland and Australia were the first teams to play a Test match (15\u201319 March 1877), and along with South Africa, these nations formed the Imperial Cricket Conference (the predecessor to today's International Cricket Council) on 15 June 1909. England and Australia also played the first ODI on 5 January 1971. England's first T20I was played on 13 June 2005, once more against Australia.\nAs of 16 February 2020, England have played 1,022 Test matches, winning 371 and losing 304 (with 347 draws). In Test series against Australia, England play for The Ashes, one of the most famous trophies in all of sport, and they have won the urn on 32 occasions. England have also played 746 ODIs, winning 375. They have appeared in the final of the Cricket World Cup four times, winning once in 2019; they have also finished as runners-up in two ICC Champions Trophies (2004 and 2013). England have played 117 T20Is, winning 58. They won the ICC T20 World Cup in 2010, and were runners-up in 2016.\nAs of 27 January 2020, England are ranked third in Tests, first in ODIs and third in T20Is by the ICC.", "Q208494": "Industrial metal is the fusion of heavy metal music and industrial music, typically employing repeating metal guitar riffs, sampling, synthesizer or sequencer lines, and distorted vocals. Prominent industrial metal acts include Ministry, Godflesh, KMFDM and Nine Inch Nails.Industrial metal developed in the late 1980s, as industrial and metal began to fuse into a common genre. Industrial metal did well in the early 1990s, particularly in North America, with the success of groups such as Nine Inch Nails. The industrial metal movement began to fade in the latter half of the 1990s.", "Q164284": "\u00c9tienne-Fran\u00e7ois-Louis-Honor\u00e9 Letourneur, Le Tourneur, or Le Tourneur de la Manche (15 March 1751 \u2013 4 October 1817) was a French lawyer, soldier, and politician of the French Revolution.", "Q602428": "Silvestre Antonio Guzm\u00e1n Fern\u00e1ndez (February 12, 1911 \u2013 July 4, 1982), best known as Antonio Guzm\u00e1n, was a Dominican businessman and a politician. He was the 46th President of the Dominican Republic, from 1978 to 1982.", "Q189132": "Sophie Charlene Akland Monk (born 14 December 1979) is an Australian singer, actress, model, and media personality. Monk was a member of the girl group Bardot and released a solo album called Calendar Girl (2003). She has appeared in films such as Date Movie (2006), Click (2006), Sex and Death 101 (2007), Spring Breakdown (2009), and The Hills Run Red (2009). Monk was the winner of the fourth season of The Celebrity Apprentice Australia in 2015, and in 2016 was a judge on Australia's Got Talent. She was the star of the third season of The Bachelorette Australia in 2017, and the following year she became the host of Love Island Australia.", "Q579744": "Kafka on the Shore (\u6d77\u8fba\u306e\u30ab\u30d5\u30ab, Umibe no Kafuka) is a 2002 novel by Japanese author Haruki Murakami. Its 2005 English translation was among \"The 10 Best Books of 2005\" from The New York Times and received the World Fantasy Award for 2006.", "Q2368353": "Sergey Alexandrovich Afanasyev (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432) (30 August 1918 \u2013 13 May 2001) was a prominent Soviet engineer, space and defence industry executive, and the Minister of General Machine Building (1965\u20131983).", "Q70579": "Eduard Heinrich Rudolph David (11 June 1863 \u2013 24 December 1930) was a German politician. He was an important figure in the history of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and of the German political labour movement. After the German Revolution of 1918-19 he was a Minister without portfolio in the government of Philipp Scheidemann, before becoming Minister of the Interior in June 1919 in the succeeding government headed by Gustav Bauer. David remained in that position until October of that year.\nDavid was also briefly the first president of the Weimar National Assembly which drew up the Weimar Constitution and ratified the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.", "Q615154": "The University of Silesia in Katowice (Polish: Uniwersytet \u015al\u0105ski w Katowicach, U\u015a) is an autonomous state-run university in Silesia Province, Katowice, Poland. It should not be confused with a similarly named university in the Czech Republic, the Silesian University in Opava (Slezsk\u00e1 univerzita v Opav\u011b).\nThe university offers higher education and research facilities. It offers undergraduate, masters, and PhD degree programs, as well as postgraduate, postdoctoral research, habilitation, and continuous education and training programs.", "Q68336": "Ronco sopra Ascona is a municipality near Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q82937": "Agent 077 From the Orient With Fury or Agent 077 Fury in the Orient or Agente 077 dall'oriente con furore or Fury on the Bosphorus is a 1965 Italian action spy adventure film of the Secret Agent 077 film series directed by Sergio Grieco.It is a parody film of the James Bond genre about a scientist who has invented a weapon capable of mass destruction being kidnapped by a criminal gang for lethal usage.", "Q861582": "Liberato Marcial Rojas Cabral (17 August 1870 \u2013 22 August 1922) was provisional President of Paraguay from July 6, 1911 to February 28, 1912. A journalist, he was a member of the Liberal Party.", "Q18809": "Anatoly Vasilyevich Lunacharsky (born Anatoly Aleksandrovich Antonov, 23 November [O.S. 11 November] 1875 \u2013 26 December 1933) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and the first Bolshevik Soviet People's Commissar (Narkompros) responsible for Ministry and Education as well as active playwright, critic, essayist and journalist throughout his career.", "Q710986": "Arthur Piantadosi (November 4, 1916 \u2013 February 23, 1994) was an American sound engineer. He won an Academy Award for Best Sound for the Robert Redford film All the President's Men and was nominated for six more in the same category. He won a BAFTA Award in 1973 for Best Sound for the 1972 film Cabaret.He worked as a music mixer for Warner Brothers, 20th Century-Fox, Columbia Pictures, Republic Pictures, and Universal Studios. During World War II, he worked for the Office of Strategic Services in John Ford's department.", "Q1174286": "David Edmund Kuhl (born October 27, 1929 in St. Louis, Missouri, died May 28, 2017 in Ann Arbor, Michigan) was\nan American scientist specializing in nuclear medicine.\nHe was well known for his pioneering work in positron emission tomography. Dr. Kuhl served as the Chief of the Division of Nuclear Medicine at the University of Michigan for 20 years and retired in June 2011.\n\n", "Q63263": "Jean-Pierre Raffarin (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 pj\u025b\u0281 \u0281a.fa.\u0281\u025b\u0303] (listen); born 3 August 1948) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 6 May 2002 to 31 May 2005.\nHe resigned after France's rejection of the referendum on the European Union draft constitution. However, after Raffarin resigned, he said that his decision was not based on the outcome of the vote. Opinion polls following his resignation suggested that Raffarin was one of France's least popular Prime Ministers since the Fifth Republic was established in 1958. However, according to the book France: 1815\u20132003, written by Martin Evans and Emmanuel Godwin, Raffarin was \"a remarkably popular Prime Minister\" despite his ability \"to state the obvious and to make empty statements\".\nHe was also Vice President of the Senate from 2011 to 2014.", "Q156550": "Marianne Aasen (born 21 February 1967) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.\nShe was born in Bergen, but grew up in Moss. She graduated with a cand.polit. degree in 1993 from the University of Oslo. She worked as a journalist in Arbeiderbladet from 1991 to 1993 and Avisenes Nyhetsbyr\u00e5 from 1993 to 1995. She was then information director of the European Movement Norway from 1998 to 2000.In her party she worked as a political advisor for the Labour Party parliamentary group from 1995 to 1996 and 2001 to 2005. From 2000 to 2001, during the first cabinet Stoltenberg, she was a political advisor in the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. Aasen has never held local political office, but chaired the party chapter in Asker from 2003 to 2004. She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus in 2005.For twelve years she was married to Simen Agdestein, an International Grandmaster of chess and former Norwegian international footballer. The couple had two children, but they split in 2008.", "Q1613734": "John McBain (born John Paul McBain on April 23, 1965) is an American musician, producer and mastering engineer from New Jersey. He was guitarist for Monster Magnet, Hater, and Wellwater Conspiracy, among the others. He\u2019s also active as a solo artist and has contributed to The Desert Sessions.", "Q55909": "Jan Krzysztof Bielecki ['jan \u02c8k\u0282\u0268\u0282t\u0254f b\u02b2\u025b\u02c8l\u025bt\u0361sk\u02b2i] (listen) (born 3 May 1951) is a Polish liberal politician and economist. A leading figure of the Gda\u0144sk-based Liberal Democratic Congress in the early 1990s, Bielecki served as Prime Minister of Poland for most of 1991. In his post-political career, Bielecki served as president of Bank Pekao between 2003 and 2010, and served as the president of the Polish Institute of International Affairs between 2009 and 2015. Since the early 2000s, Bielecki has been a member of the Civic Platform party. In 2010, the Warsaw Business Journal described Bielecki as one of the most respected economists in Poland.", "Q562402": "Joan Maragall i Gorina (Catalan pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8am m\u0259\u027e\u0259\u02c8\u0263a\u028e]; 10 October 1860 in Barcelona \u2013 20 December 1911) was a Spanish Catalan poet, journalist and translator, the foremost member of the modernisme movement in literature. His manuscripts are preserved in the Joan Maragall Archive of Barcelona.", "Q1251928": "Dougie MacLean, OBE (born 27 September 1954) is a Scottish singer-songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. Described by AllMusic as \"one of Scotland's premier singer-songwriters\", MacLean has performed under both his own name, and as part of multiple folk bands, since the mid 1970s.\nMacLean's most famous pieces include \"The Gael\" (1990), which became the main theme to 1992 film The Last of the Mohicans, and \"Caledonia\", from his first album (1978); the latter has been called Scotland's \"unofficial\" national anthem. He also served as music director for TAG Theatre Company's 1993 production of A Scots Quair, releasing his contributions on the Sunset Song LP (1994). MacLean's songs have been recorded by many artists including Ronan Keating, Paolo Nutini, Amy Macdonald, Kathy Mattea, Frankie Miller, Cara Dillon, and Mary Black, who covered \"Turning Away\" (1991) for the soundtrack of the 2001 film Angel Eyes.\nMacLean was the subject of the 1993 BBC documentary film The Land: The Songs of Dougie MacLean. Aside from his career as a touring singer-songwriter, MacLean founded the Dunkeld Records label and recording studio with his wife Jennifer in 1983.", "Q65612": "Widnau is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q86589": "Gabriel Barylli (born 31 May 1957) is an Austrian actor and film director. He has appeared in more than 40 films and television shows since 1981. He won the Silver St. George award for Best Actor for his role in A French Woman at the 19th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Q993066": "Ipecac Recordings is an independent record label based in California. It was founded on April 1, 1999 by Greg Werckman (ex-label manager of Alternative Tentacles, ex-lead singer of DUH, ex-employee of Mercury Records) and Mike Patton (Faith No More, Mr. Bungle, Fant\u00f4mas, Tomahawk, Peeping Tom and Mondo Cane) in Alameda, California.\nOriginally the label was created for the sole purpose of releasing the first Fant\u00f4mas album. Since then, they have gone on to distribute other artists like Melvins, Isis, as well as several of Patton's other projects and collaborations.\nThe label is named after syrup of ipecac, an emetic, or vomit-inducing, medicine. Its slogan is \"Ipecac Recordings\u2014Making People Sick Since 1999.\"", "Q223611": "K\u00e1lm\u00e1n Latab\u00e1r (1902\u20131970) was a Hungarian comedian and film actor, perhaps the country's most popular comic in the post-war years. \"Latyi\" reached his peak popularity during the war years and in the early days of Hungarian television, doing stand-up comedy, operettas and musicals, and comic routines in variety shows. A talented song-and-dance man, he had impeccable comic timing. Later in life he made several successful tours in Western Europe, Israel and America, idolized by the \u00e9migr\u00e9 Hungarian community. He was also a regular on the numerous theater stages of Budapest and of the provincial cities of the country.\n\n", "Q330679": "In Catholicism, the cantor, sometimes called the precentor or the protopsaltes (Greek: \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c8\u03ac\u03bb\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, lit. 'first singer'; from Greek: \u03c8\u03ac\u03bb\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, romanized: psaltes, lit. 'singer') is the chief singer, and usually instructor, employed at a church, a cathedral or monastery with responsibilities for the ecclesiastical choir and the preparation of liturgy.\nThe cantor's duties and qualifications have varied considerably according to time, place, and rite, and often its prestige was so high that it came close to the highest offices in the ecclesiastical hierarchy, for instance monastic cantors promoted to the office of an abbot or abbess. Sometimes the office was connected with administrative, military, and governmental duties (the \"Maestro di Capella\" at San Marco di Venezia), even with those of a schoolteacher, as in case of the Thomaskantor in charge of the Thomasschule zu Leipzig, educating a boys' choir that served four churches.\nGenerally a cantor must be competent to choose and to conduct the vocals for the choir, to start any chant on demand, and to be able to identify and correct the missteps of singers placed under him. He may be held accountable for the immediate rendering of the music, showing the course of the melody by movements of the hand(s) (cheironomia), similar to a conductor.", "Q656079": "Craig R. Benson (born October 8, 1954) is an American politician and entrepreneur who served as the 79th Governor of New Hampshire from 2003 to 2005. Benson first came to public attention when he founded Cabletron Systems, later known as Enterasys Networks, which became one of the largest employers in New Hampshire. Enterasys Networks was acquired by Extreme Networks in November 2013.", "Q109054": "Walther Kiaulehn (July 4, 1900 in Berlin \u2013 December 7, 1968 in Munich) was a German journalist and writer.", "Q89876": "Heribert Rech (born April 25, 1950 in \u00d6stringen, W\u00fcrttemberg-Baden, West Germany) is a German lawyer and politician. Since 2004, he has been the Minister of the Interior in the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.\nRech studied laws in Heidelberg. He is a widower and has two children.", "Q469231": "Dorothy Hansine Andersen (May 15, 1901 \u2013 March 3, 1963) was an American pathologist and pediatrician who was the first person to identify cystic fibrosis and the first American physician to describe the disease. In 2001 she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.", "Q368406": "Nicola Caricola (born 13 February 1963 in Bari, Italy) is a former Italian footballer who played as a sweeper.\nAt club level, Caricola played for Bari (1981\u201383), Juventus (1983\u201387), Genoa (1987\u201394, 1994\u201395), and Torino (1994) in Italy. In 1995, he had an unsuccessful trial with English side Aston Villa. He finished out his career with the New Jersey MetroStars of Major League Soccer, playing with them during the league's inaugural season in 1996. Although Caricola played well for the team, he is most remembered for the own goal he scored in the dying seconds of the club's first home game, a 1\u20130 loss to New England Revolution. He retired in February 1997.In 2005 Nicola Caricola moved to Cape Town, South Africa and established Nicaf Espresso Systems, official distributor of Lavazza Espresso Coffee in southern Africa. The name \"Nicaf\" stands for \"NI-cola\" and \"CAF-fe'\".", "Q73064": "Karl Stieler (December 15, 1842 in Munich, Germany \u2013 April 12, 1885 in Munich) was a German lawyer and author.\n\n", "Q232708": "Jenna Lee Dewan (; born December 3, 1980) is an American actress and dancer. She started her career as a backup dancer for Janet Jackson, and later worked with artists including P!nk, Missy Elliott, and Christina Aguilera. She is known for her role as Nora Clark in the 2006 film Step Up. She has also starred on the short-lived NBC series The Playboy Club and had a recurring role on the FX series American Horror Story: Asylum. She portrayed Freya Beauchamp on the Lifetime series Witches of East End, Lucy Lane in The CW series Supergirl and Joanna in the Netflix series Soundtrack. Dewan was hosted the reality television shows World of Dance and Flirty Dancing.", "Q532221": "Georges Fillioud (7 July 1929 \u2013 15 September 2011) was a French politician. He was a member of the French government in charge of mass media from 1981 to 1986, under former President Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand.", "Q116160": "Otto Ackermann (18 October 1909 \u2013 9 March 1960) was a Romanian conductor who made his career mainly in Switzerland.\nAckermann was born in Bucharest. He studied at the Berlin Hochschule, conducted the Royal Romanian Opera on tour when aged only 15, and then held many important appointments as operatic conductor, beginning with D\u00fcsseldorf Opera, 1928-1932 (when aged 18 to 23). Then he was at Brno, Bern and Vienna, with much travelling and concert-giving all over Europe, and recordings made with the Vienna Philharmonic, the Netherlands Philharmonic and the Zurich Tonhalle Orchestra.\nAckermann was a close friend of Franz Leh\u00e1r and made Columbia Records recordings of his operettas, which are distinguished by their typical Viennese lilting and phrasing, despite being made with an English orchestra (the Philharmonia Orchestra). Ackermann conducted the earlier recording of the Four Last Songs of Richard Strauss with Elisabeth Schwarzkopf.\nHe died at Wabern bei Bern (Bern) in March 1960, aged 50.", "Q275443": "Victoria \"Tori\" Spence (born 30 April 1984) is a New Zealand stage and television actress most famous for her role as Salene in the Cloud 9 television drama The Tribe. She made her acting debut in the 1993 film Jack Be Nimble and later appeared in the teen comedy series Atlantis High, in which she played the dual role of Antonia and Anthony, and William Shatner's A Twist in the Tale alongside Tribe co-star Ryan Runciman.While attending high school, she appeared in several plays including a leading role in The Joker as well as supporting roles in Memory,Moon Launcher, Desire, Shortland Street, Sticky TV and Mother Tongue. Spence also starred in several television commercials and had experience as a stills photographic model prior to being cast as The Tribe's Salene at age 14.Her character was introduced as an emotional frightened child and early storylines dealt with her suffering from bulimia and alcoholism. By the fourth season however, Spence had emerged as one of the lead characters and, at one point, became leader of the Mall Rats. Her character would also become romantically involved with Ryan Runciman (Ryan) and Nick Miller (Pride). On 28 January 2001, she appeared in a stage performance with Tribe cast members Ari Boyland (KC), Jennyfer Jewell (Ellie), Michelle Ang (Tai-San), Caleb Ross (Lex), Vanessa Stacey (Alice) and Meryl Cassie (Ebony) in which they sang and performed for fans in New Zealand at the Te Papa Museum.On 2 September 2004, Spence made her first appearance in North America with fellow Tribe co-stars Daniel James (Zoot) and Matt Robinson (Slade) at the 2004 Dragon*Con convention in Atlanta, Georgia. Featured guests at the event, the three appeared in series of panels during Labor Day weekend, judging a Tribe fan-based costume contest and attended an autograph signing. While at the convention, she gave an interview discussing her character's development on The Tribe.In July 2008, Spence appeared in the Thomas Sainsbury's horror play Beast with David de Lautour and Todd Emerson (who co-starred with Victoria in Atlantis High). In 2009, Victoria tread the stage with Thomas Sainsbury again where she played the lead role in his production Little Blonde Hen. The play ran from 11 to 14 June 2009 and featured her co-stars from The Tribe, Beth Allen and Antonia Prebble.", "Q436735": "Ruthie Cecelia Foster (born February 10, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter of blues and folk music. She mixes a wide palette of American song forms, from gospel and blues to jazz, folk and soul. She has often been compared to Bonnie Raitt and Aretha Franklin.", "Q887775": "Robert L. \"Bob\" Badgley (born June 23, 1928, Detroit - died February 24, 2012, Las Vegas) was an American jazz double-bassist.\nBadgley learned piano from age six and played trombone in high school. He served in the United States Army from 1946 to 1953 in Berlin, where he played in bands (one of which included Chet Baker. After his discharge he worked on the West Coast, playing with Virgil Gonsalves in the San Francisco Bay Area, and then with Dick Stabile, Maynard Ferguson, Tommy Gumina, Bobby Troup, and Matty Matlock in southern California in the late 1960s. He toured worldwide with Julie Andrews in the late 1960s and played Las Vegas with Julie London in 1971. Late in the 1970s he toured with Frank Sinatra and was a member of Bob Florence's trio from 1979 to 1986 (which accompanied Sue Raney among others). He toured and recorded several times with Joe Williams (1984-1990), and moved to Las Vegas later in the 1990s, where he taught at the University of Nevada-Las Vegas.", "Q75415": "Josef Wirmer (19 March 1901 \u2013 8 September 1944) was a German jurist and resistance fighter against the Nazi r\u00e9gime.", "Q271625": "Silvia Colloca (born 23 July 1977) is an Italian-Australian actress, Opera singer, cookbook author, and TV cookery show personality. She has published four cookbooks.", "Q154353": "Dominique Fran\u00e7ois Jean Arago (Catalan: Dom\u00e8nec Francesc Joan Arag\u00f3), known simply as Fran\u00e7ois Arago (French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa a\u0281a\u0261o]; Catalan: Francesc Arag\u00f3, IPA: [f\u027e\u0259n\u02c8s\u025bsk \u0259\u027e\u0259\u02c8\u0263o]; 26 February 1786 \u2013 2 October 1853), was a French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, freemason, supporter of the carbonari and politician.\n\n", "Q3157232": "Jack Kehoe (November 21, 1934 \u2013 January 14, 2020) was an American film actor appearing in a wide variety of films, including the crime dramas Serpico (1973), The Pope of Greenwich Village (1984) and Brian De Palma's The Untouchables (1987), as well as the cult favorites Car Wash (1976) and Midnight Run (1988), the popular western Young Guns II (1990), and On the Nickel (1980).\nKehoe also appeared in several Academy Award-winning films, including Jonathan Demme's Melvin and Howard (1980) and Best Picture winner The Sting (1973), in which Kehoe (as grifter Joe Erie, aka The Erie Kid) and co-stars Robert Redford and Paul Newman team up to con a mob boss.\nHis various TV credits included roles in The Twilight Zone, Murder, She Wrote and Miami Vice.\nAfter appearing alongside Michael Douglas in David Fincher's The Game (1997), Kehoe quietly retired and was not publicly seen or heard from since. One of few interviews he gave during his career was conducted for a 1974 issue of New York Magazine, in which Kehoe discussed (among several topics) his outlook on Hollywood.Kehoe died on January 14, 2020 after a stroke, aged 85.", "Q266359": "Nikolai Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432; 18 September 1932 \u2013 19 October 2002) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew three space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 10, Soyuz 16, and Soyuz 33. Two of these missions, Soyuz 10 and Soyuz 33 were intended to dock with Salyut space stations, but failed to do so.", "Q71673": "Jessica Schwarz (born 5 May 1977) is a German film and TV actress.", "Q3151643": "The Inspectorate General of Finances or Inspection g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des finances (IGF) is an interdepartmental auditing and supervisory body in France. Its general mission is to provide oversight, audit, analysis, consulting, and evaluation services in administrative, economic, and financial matters. In the recent years, the IGF has been at the head of the movement of modernization of the state (in particular through its leading role in the General Review of Public Policies).\nIt is currently run by Marie-Christine Lepetit. It is placed under the joint responsibility of the Ministry for Economy, Finance, and Industry and the Ministry for Budget, Public Accounts and State Reform. Yet, because it is an interdepartmental body, it carries out missions for many ministries.\nThe General Inspection of Finances is not only a state body; it has been one of the Grand Corps of the French State since the 18th century. A small but influential corps, the IGF enjoys a particular prestige: each year it recruits some of the best students graduating from the highly regarded \u00c9cole nationale d'administration, and career opportunities after leaving the IGF are very good in both public and private sectors.", "Q68322": "Julia Stinshoff (born 27 December 1974 in Bonn) is a German actress.", "Q1369509": "John Van McDuffie (May 16, 1841 \u2013 November 18, 1896) was a U.S. Representative from Alabama.\nBorn in Addison, New York, McDuffie attended the common schools. He moved with his parents to Bureau County, Illinois, in 1855. He attended Luther College (Iowa).\nHe enlisted in Company B, 2nd Iowa Cavalry, in July 1861 and served through the American Civil War.\nHe settled in Lowndes County, Alabama, and became a planter. He studied law and was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Hayneville, Alabama.\nMcDuffie was elected judge of probate in 1868.\nHe was reelected in 1874 and served until 1880.\nHe served as delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1872 and 1876.\nHe was the 7th Chairman of the Alabama Republican Party assuming office in 1878.\nHe was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for election in 1886 to the Fiftieth Congress.\nHe successfully contested the election of Louis W. Turpin to the Fifty-first Congress and served from June 4, 1890, until March 3, 1891.\nHe unsuccessfully contested the election of Louis W. Turpin to the Fifty-second Congress.\nHe engaged in mercantile pursuits and continued as a planter.\nHe died in Hayneville, Alabama, on November 18, 1896.\nHe was interred in Pines Cemetery.", "Q186215": "James Daniel Jordan (born February 17, 1964) is an American politician, former collegiate wrestler, and former collegiate wrestling coach. He has served as the U.S. representative for Ohio's 4th congressional district since 2007. A member of the Republican Party, Jordan was the ranking member of the House Oversight Committee from 2019 to 2020. In February 2020, he left that committee to become the ranking member of the United States House Committee on the Judiciary.\nJordan is a founding member of the Freedom Caucus, which he chaired from its establishment in 2015 until 2017. His district stretches from Lake Erie to just below Urbana in the north-central and western portions of the state and includes Lima, Marion, Tiffin, Urbana, and Elyria.\n\n", "Q973838": "Gabriel-Joseph de Lavergne, comte de Guilleragues (1628\u20131684), was a French politician of the 17th century.\nFor a time, he was secretary of the King's Chamber, and he also director of the Gazette de France.\nIn 1677, he was named ambassador at the Ottoman Court. In 1679 and 1680, Louis XIV through Guilleragues encouraged the Ottoman Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa to intervene in the Magyar Rebellion against the Habsburg, but without success. Louis XIV communicated to the Turks that he would never fight on the side of the Austrian Emperor Leopold I, and he instead massed troops at the eastern frontier of France. These reassurances encouraged the Turks not to renew the 20-year 1664 Vasv\u00e1r truce with Austria and to move to the offensive.Guilleragues died of apoplexy in Constantinople in 1684.\nHe is thought to have been the author of Letters of a Portuguese Nun.", "Q434122": "Nur S\u00fcrer (born 21 June 1954) is a Turkish actress.\nHer debut role was in Bereketli Topraklar \u00dczerinde, directed by Erden Kiral. She is known for her more politically themed roles, notably with regard to prison conditions and women's rights. So far, she has appeared in more than 40 films.", "Q29418": "John Lawrence Ashbery (July 28, 1927 \u2013 September 3, 2017) was an American poet and art critic.Ashbery is considered the most influential poet of his time. Oxford University literary critic John Bayley wrote that Ashbery \"sounded, in poetry, the standard tones of the age.\" Langdon Hammer, chair of the English Department at Yale University, wrote in 2008, \"No figure looms so large in American poetry over the past 50 years as John Ashbery\" and \"No American poet has had a larger, more diverse vocabulary, not Whitman, not Pound.\" Stephanie Burt, a poet and Harvard professor of English, has compared Ashbery to T. S. Eliot, calling Ashbery \"the last figure whom half the English-language poets alive thought a great model, and the other half thought incomprehensible\".Ashbery published more than 20 volumes of poetry and won nearly every major American award for poetry, including a Pulitzer Prize in 1976 for his collection Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror. Renowned for its postmodern complexity and opacity, his work still proves controversial. Ashbery said he wished his work to be accessible to as many people as possible, not a private dialogue with himself. At the same time, he once joked that some critics still view him as \"a harebrained, homegrown surrealist whose poetry defies even the rules and logic of Surrealism.\"", "Q4820663": "August Anheuser Busch III (born June 16, 1937) is a great-grandson of Anheuser-Busch founder Adolphus Busch and was the company's Chairman until November 30, 2006. August Busch III is informally known as \"Auggie\" and as \"The Third\" or \"Three Sticks\" by subordinates and employees at Anheuser-Busch.\nHe is the father of August Busch IV.", "Q94199": "Valentin Erben (born 1945 in Vienna) is an Austrian cellist.", "Q78131": "Ulrich Junghanns (born in Gera, Thuringia 25 May 1956) is a German politician. From 2002 till 2008 he was Minister of Economy in the German state of Brandenburg and deputy Minister-President from 2007 till 2008.\nJunghanns went to a Polytechnic Secondary School and later became an apprentice at the national stud farm at Moritzburg. In 1986 he graduated from a correspondence course of State sciences. In 1974 he joined the Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany (DBD), a satellite party of the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). In 1990 Junghanns was elected as the deputy chairman of the DBD and shortly after that became the acting chairman of the party. In September 1990 the DBD fused with the CDU and until 1992 Junghanns was member of the board of the German Christian Democratic Union.\nIn 1990 he was elected to the board of the CDU organisation in Brandenburg and as chairman of the CDU faction in the Landtag. From 1990 till 1998 Junghanns was a member of the Bundestag and chairman of the Brandenburg delegacy in the CDU faction. In 2007 he followed J\u00f6rg Sch\u00f6nbohm as chairman of the Brandenburg CDU, but resign from this post after the electoral defeat of the CDU in the 2008 Local Elections in Brandenburg.", "Q236208": "Hedwig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish: Hedvig Elisabet Charlotta; 22 March 1759 \u2013 20 June 1818) was Queen of Sweden and Norway as the consort of King Charles XIII and II. She was also a famed diarist, memoirist and wit. She is known by her full pen name (above), though her official name as queen was Charlotte (Charlotta).\nShe was born in Eutin the daughter of Duke Frederick August I of Holstein-Gottorp and Princess Ulrike Friederike Wilhelmine of Hesse-Kassel. She grew up in Eutin and married her cousin Charles, Duke of S\u00f6dermanland, in Stockholm on 7 July 1774 when she was fifteen years old. The marriage was arranged by King Gustav III to provide the throne of Sweden with an heir. The King had not consummated his marriage and had decided to give the task of providing an heir to the throne to his brother.", "Q6122715": "Jago Nicholas Aldo Eliot, Lord Eliot (24 March 1966 \u2013 15 April 2006) was the son of Peregrine Eliot, 10th Earl of St Germans, and Jacquetta Eliot, Countess of St Germans (n\u00e9e Lampson).", "Q267721": "Grease is a 1978 American musical romantic comedy film based on the 1971 musical of the same name by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. Written by Bronte Woodard and directed by Randal Kleiser in his theatrical feature film debut, the film depicts the lives of greaser Danny Zuko and Australian transfer student Sandy Olsson who develop an attraction for each other. The film stars John Travolta as Danny, Olivia Newton-John as Sandy, and Stockard Channing as Betty Rizzo, the leader of the Pink Ladies.\nReleased on June 16, 1978, Grease was successful both critically and commercially, becoming the highest-grossing musical film ever at the time. Its soundtrack album ended 1978 as the second-best-selling album of the year in the United States, behind the soundtrack of the 1977 blockbuster Saturday Night Fever (which also starred Travolta) and earned the film its lone Oscar nomination for \"Hopelessly Devoted to You\" (which lost the Academy Award for Best Original Song to Donna Summer's \"Last Dance\" from Thank God It's Friday at the 51st Academy Awards).\nA sequel, Grease 2, was released in 1982, starring Maxwell Caulfield and Michelle Pfeiffer as a newer class of greasers. Few of the original cast members reprised their roles. \nAs of 2019, an HBO Max series based on the film is in production.\n\n", "Q738978": "Kornelis Antonie \"Kees\" Schouhamer Immink (born 18 December 1946) is a Dutch scientist, inventor, and entrepreneur, who pioneered and advanced the era of digital audio, video, and data recording, including popular digital media such as Compact Disc, DVD and Blu-ray Disc. He has been a prolific and influential engineer, who holds more than 1100 U.S. and international patents. \nA large portion of the commonly used audio and video playback and recording devices use technologies based on his work. His contributions to coding systems assisted the digital video and audio revolution, by enabling reliable data storage at information densities previously unattainable.Immink received several tributes that summarize the impact of his contributions to the digital audio and video revolution. Among the accolades received are the IEEE Medal of Honor \"for pioneering contributions to video, audio, and data recording technology, including compact disc, DVD, and Blu-ray\", the Edison Medal and an individual Technology Emmy award by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS). Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands bestowed him a knighthood in 2000. Royal Holland Society of Arts and Sciences introduced the \u2018\u2019Kees Schouhamer Immink Prize\u2019\u2019 in 2019 as a means to encourage research on information science and tele-communications.Currently, Immink holds the position of president of Turing Machines Inc, which was founded in 1998. During his career, Immink, in addition to his practical contributions, has contributed to information theory. He wrote over 120 articles and four books, including Codes for Mass Data Storage Media. He has been an adjunct professor at the Institute for Experimental Mathematics, University of Duisburg and Essen, Germany, since 1994, as well as affiliated with the National University of Singapore (NUS) as a visiting professor since 1997.", "Q1150442": "Diana Marilyn Quick (born 23 November 1946) is an English actress known for playing British aristocrats.", "Q186573": "Barbara Garrick is an American actress. Garrick has appeared on stage, television and in film.", "Q7102934": "The Orkestra Rumpilezz is an orchestra of percussion and brass created in 2006 by Letieres Leite. The group's first album won the Bravo! Award for Best Popular Album of the Year 2010 and the Brazilian Music Award in the categories Best New Artist and Best Instrumental Group.It's about a group of instrumental folk music in which music is attributed to the ancestral music from Bahia in a harmonic modern garb, percussion with African roots and under the influence of modern jazz. Both compositions and arrangements are conceived from drawings and rhythm of the claves from the percussive universe of Bahia - inspired in large associations such as the percussive Ile Aiye, Olodum, Sambas Rec\u00f4ncavo, among others - with the influence of Candombl\u00e9.\nThe Orchestra consists of five percussionists (drums, timbau, agogo, tambourine, caxixi) and 14 wind instrument players (four trumpets, four trombones, two alto sax, 2 tenor sax, a baritone sax and 1 tuba).\nImportant names of world music already attended concerts of the Orkestra Rumpilezz: Carlinhos Brown, Ed Motta, Stanley Jordan, Toninho Horta, David Moraes and others.\n\n", "Q241080": "John Braithwaite, the younger (19 March 1797 \u2013 25 September 1870) was an English engineer who invented the first steam fire engine. He also co-designed the first locomotive to cover a mile in less than a minute.\n\n", "Q237116": "Marty is a 1955 American romantic drama film directed by Delbert Mann. The screenplay was written by Paddy Chayefsky, expanding upon his 1953 teleplay of the same name, which was broadcast on The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse and starred Rod Steiger in the title role.The film stars Ernest Borgnine and Betsy Blair. In addition to winning an Academy Award for Best Picture, the film enjoyed international success, becoming the fourth American film to win the Cannes Film Festival, and to be awarded the Palme d'Or. Marty, The Lost Weekend (1945) and Parasite (2019) are the only three films to win both organizations' grand prizes.\nIn 1994, Marty was deemed \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\" and selected for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Film Registry.", "Q333402": "Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski (, Polish: [\u02c8alfr\u025bt k\u0254\u02c8\u0290\u0268psk\u02b2i]; July 3, 1879 \u2013 March 1, 1950) was a Polish-American independent scholar who developed a field called general semantics, which he viewed as both distinct from, and more encompassing than, the field of semantics. He argued that human knowledge of the world is limited both by the human nervous system and the languages humans have developed, and thus no one can have direct access to reality, given that the most we can know is that which is filtered through the brain's responses to reality. His best known dictum is \"The map is not the territory\".", "Q425749": "Monette Moore (May 19, 1902 in Gainesville, Texas \u2013 October 21, 1962 in Garden Grove, California) was an American jazz and classic female blues singer.Moore was raised in Kansas City, Missouri. She taught herself to play the piano in her teens and worked as a theater pianist in Kansas City in the early 1920s. In 1923 and 1924 she recorded for Paramount Records in Chicago and New York City, relocating to the latter city. In the 1920s she worked in Chicago, Dallas and Oklahoma City. She sang with Charlie Johnson's ensemble at Smalls Paradise and recorded with him in 1927 and 1928. She recorded 44 songs from 1923 to 1927, some under the name Susie Smith. Her sidemen included Tommy Ladnier, Jimmy O'Bryant, Jimmy Blythe, Bob Fuller, Rex Stewart, Bubber Miley, and Elmer Snowden. From 1924-1941 she worked in theaters and clubs in New York. She appeared with Lucky Millinder at the Lafayette Theater in 1931.In the 1930s, Moore recorded with Fats Waller (1932), filled in for Ethel Waters as an understudy, and sang with Zinky Cohn in Chicago in 1937. She performed at her own club, Monette's Place, in New York City in 1933. Around 1940 she sang in New York with Sidney Bechet and Sammy Price. She moved to Los Angeles in 1942, where she performed often in nightclubs. She appeared in James P. Johnson's revue Sugar Hill (about 1949) and played minor roles in numerous films including Yes Sir, Mr. Bones (1951) and The Outsider. Moore recorded again from 1945 to 1947.\nShe made a brief cameo appearance in the 1954 remake of \"A Star Is Born,\" starring Judy Garland. Moore sang a brief refrain in the song and dance number, \"Lose That Long Face,\" which was edited out of the film before it was released. This extended version of the song has been reconstructed, and can be seen on YouTube. In Los Angeles in the 1950s, she continued to perform in local venues, but also worked as a maid and restroom attendant. She played with the Young Men of New Orleans at Disneyland in 1961\u20131962.\nMoore died of a heart attack in 1962.", "Q123865": "Dolly Martin (born Dolly Read on 13 September 1944 in Bristol, England) is an English pinup model and actress. She is best remembered for her appearance in Playboy magazine and as the lead character in Beyond the Valley of the Dolls. She is sometimes credited as Margaret Read, Dolly Read Martin or Dolly Martin.", "Q4074458": "Konstantin Anatolyevich Babkin (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0301\u0431\u043a\u0438\u043d; born 13 February 1971) is a Russian businessman and politician. He is the chairman of the Federal Council of the political party Party of Action, the president of CJSC Novoe Sodruzhestvo and the president Rosspetsmash association . Member of the board of directors of Rostselmash, Empils and Buhler Industries. chairman of the board of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation on Industrial Development and Competitiveness of the Russian Economy.\n\n", "Q1018348": "Bernarr Graham Busbice (September 6, 1933 \u2013 January 5, 2003), known professionally as Buzz Busby, was an American bluegrass musician, known for his mandolin style and high tenor voice. He was nicknamed the \"Father of Washington, D.C. Bluegrass\".", "Q2749618": "The Academia Mexicana de la Lengua (variously translated as the Mexican Academy of Language, the Mexican Academy of the Language, the Mexican Academy of Letters, or glossed as the Mexican Academy of the Spanish Language; acronym AML) is the correspondent academy in Mexico of the Royal Spanish Academy. It was founded in Mexico City on 11 September 1875 and, like the other academies, has the principal function of working to ensure the purity of the Spanish language. Academy members have included many of the leading figures in Mexican letters, including philologists, grammarians, philosophers, novelists, poets, historians and humanists.\nThe Academia Mexicana organized the first Congress of the Spanish Language Academies that was celebrated at Mexico City in April 1951. This gave birth, through its Permanent Commission, to the Association of Spanish Language Academies, confirmed in the second Congress, celebrated in Madrid five years later.", "Q316872": "Afrika Bambaataa (; born Lance Taylor; April 17, 1957) is an American disc jockey, rapper, songwriter and producer from the South Bronx, New York. He is notable for releasing a series of genre-defining electro tracks in the 1980s that influenced the development of hip hop culture. Afrika Bambaataa is one of the originators of breakbeat DJing and is respectfully known as \"The Godfather\" and \"Amen Ra of Hip Hop Kulture\", as well as the father of electro-funk. Through his co-opting of the street gang the Black Spades into the music and culture-oriented Universal Zulu Nation, he has helped spread hip hop culture throughout the world.\nOn May 6, 2016, Bambaataa left his position as head of The Zulu Nation due to multiple child sexual abuse allegations dating as far back as the 1970s.", "Q128930": "Scarlet Street is a 1945 noir tragedy film directed by Fritz Lang. The screenplay concerns two criminals who take advantage of a middle-aged painter in order to steal his artwork. The film is based on the French novel La Chienne (literally The Bitch) by Georges de La Fouchardi\u00e8re, that previously had been dramatized on stage by Andr\u00e9 Mou\u00ebzy-\u00c9on, and cinematically as La Chienne (1931) by director Jean Renoir.The principal actors Edward G. Robinson, Joan Bennett and Dan Duryea had earlier appeared together in The Woman in the Window (1944), also directed by Fritz Lang. Local authorities in three cities banned Scarlet Street early in 1946 because of its dark plot and themes.\nThe film is in the public domain.", "Q971949": "Neil Stephen Cicierega ( SISS-i-REE-g\u0259; born August 23, 1986) is an American Internet artist, comedian, actor, filmmaker, singer, musician, puppeteer, and animator. He is the creator of the genre of Flash animation known as \"Animutation\", has released several albums as a musician under the name Lemon Demon and has released a series of mashup albums under his own name that have since gained a cult following.\n\n", "Q888320": "Bob Whitlock (January 21, 1931, Roosevelt, Utah - June 20, 2015, Long Beach, California) was an American jazz double-bassist. Von Varlynn Whitlock.", "Q320318": "Life Is All You Get (German: Das Leben ist eine Baustelle) is a 1997 German comedy film directed by Wolfgang Becker. It was entered into the 47th Berlin International Film Festival where it won an Honourable Mention.", "Q262659": "Majandra Delfino (born February 20, 1981) is a Venezuelan-born actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Maria DeLuca on Roswell, and as Andi on the CBS sitcom Friends with Better Lives.", "Q4589078": "Karl Marius Anton Johan Hals (27 April 1822 \u2013 7 September 1898) was a Norwegian businessperson who co-founded the piano manufacturer Br\u00f8drene Hals. He also served as a members of the Norwegian Parliament with the Conservative Party.", "Q214917": "A playwright or dramatist is a person who writes plays. One of the most famous playwrights of the English-speaking world in history was William Shakespeare (1564-1616).", "Q705347": "Paul Sandner Moller (born December 11, 1936) is a Canadian engineer who has spent the past fifty years+ developing the Moller Skycar personal vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) vehicle. The engine technology developed for the Skycar has also been adapted as a UAV platform called the \"aerobot\". The rotapower engine itself has been spun off to a separate Moller company, Freedom Motors.\nMoller was born in Fruitvale, British Columbia, Canada.", "Q524325": "Norma Varden Shackleton (20 January 1898 \u2013 19 January 1989), known professionally as Norma Varden, was a British-American actress with a long film career.", "Q743312": "Maurice Diamant-Berger (8 February 1902 \u2013 18 June 2004), known as Andr\u00e9 Gillois, was a French writer, radio pioneer and - during the Second World War - general Charles de Gaulle's spokesman in London.", "Q1190100": "Hironori Kusano (\u8349\u91ce\u3000\u535a\u7d00, Kusano Hironori, born February 15, 1988) is a Japanese singer and former member of the J-pop group NEWS, as part of Johnny's Entertainment, Inc., which he joined in February 2001.\n\n", "Q367053": "John Garfield (born Jacob Julius Garfinkle, March 4, 1913 \u2013 May 21, 1952) was an American actor who played brooding, rebellious, working-class characters. He grew up in poverty in New York City. In the early 1930s, he became a member of the Group Theater. In 1937, he moved to Hollywood, eventually becoming one of Warner Bros.' stars. Called to testify before the U.S. Congressional House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), he denied communist affiliation and refused to \"name names\", effectively ending his film career. Some have alleged that the stress of this persecution led to his premature death at 39 from a heart attack. Garfield is acknowledged as a predecessor of such Method actors as Marlon Brando, Montgomery Clift, and James Dean.", "Q466664": "The University of the Arts Bremen (German: Hochschule f\u00fcr K\u00fcnste Bremen, HfK Bremen) is a public university in Bremen, Germany. It is one of the most successful arts institutions, and its origins date back to 1873. The University of the Arts Bremen runs a Faculty of Fine Arts and Design, and a Faculty of Music, with approximately 900 students, 65 professors and about 180 assistant professors.\nThe academic subdivisions within the University are Music, Art, Design and practical theory. The institution's specialisms in both music and visual arts is unique within Germany, save for the Berlin University of the Arts. Recent works and exhibitions combine visual art, digital media and music, with emphasis on co-operation between disciplines.", "Q3085360": "Fran\u00e7ois Michelin (15 June 1926 \u2013 29 April 2015) was a French heir and businessman. He was the chief executive officer (CEO) of Michelin from 1955 to 1999. Under his leadership at the helm of a family business founded by his grandfather, Michelin became the leading global tire manufacturer, dominating the market in Europe and the US. A practising Roman Catholic, he was idiosyncratically non-hierarchical and conducted business from his hometown of Clermont-Ferrand in the rural Auvergne.\n\n", "Q447872": "Joseph Francis Mazzello III (born September 21, 1983), sometimes credited as Joe Mazzello, is an American actor, director, and screenwriter. He is best known for his roles as Tim Murphy in Jurassic Park, Eugene Sledge in the HBO miniseries The Pacific, Dustin Moskovitz in The Social Network and Queen bass player John Deacon in the biopic Bohemian Rhapsody.", "Q235701": "Kirsten Prout Zien (born September 28, 1990) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her lead roles in the ABC Family television shows, Kyle XY and The Lying Game. Her first sizable break in film came in 2005, when she was cast as Abby Miller, a lead role opposite Jennifer Garner in Elektra. In 2007, Prout was nominated for Best Performance in a TV Series by the Young Artists Awards for her portrayal of Amanda Bloom in Kyle XY.", "Q2546587": "T\u00f6bbens and Schultz (German: T\u00f6bbens und Schultz & Co) was a Nazi German textile manufacturing conglomerate making German uniforms, socks and garments in the Warsaw Ghetto and elsewhere, during the occupation of Poland in World War II. It was owned and operated by two major war profiteers: Fritz Emil Schultz from Danzig, and a convicted war criminal, Walter C. T\u00f6bbens (i.e. Walther Caspar Toebbens, from Hamburg).", "Q182715": "Daniel Turner (26 September 1796 \u2013 21 July 1860) was a U.S. Congressman from North Carolina (1827 \u2013 1829).\nTurner was born in Warrenton, North Carolina as the son of future North Carolina Governor James Turner. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1814, and served in the War of 1812 as an assistant engineer with the rank of second lieutenant. As a result of the US Army's post-war reduction, he resigned in May 1815. He was a member of the North Carolina House of Commons (1819\u20131824). He was elected to the House of Representatives of the 20th Congress in 1827, serving one term. From 1854 until his death, he was superintending engineer of public works at Mare Island Naval Shipyard.His home, Reedy Rill, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.", "Q455286": "Bessie Amelia Emery Head, known as Bessie Head (6 July 1937 \u2013 17 April 1986), was a South African writer who, though born in South Africa, is usually considered Botswana's most influential writer. She wrote novels, short fiction and autobiographical works that are infused with spiritual questioning and reflection.", "Q31519": "Charles University, known also as Charles University in Prague (Czech: Univerzita Karlova; Latin: Universitas Carolina; German: Karls-Universit\u00e4t) or historically as the University of Prague (Latin: Universitas Pragensis), is the oldest and largest university in the Czech Republic. Founded in 1348, it was the first university in Central Europe. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe in continuous operation. Today, the university consists of 17 faculties located in Prague, Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 and Pilsen. Its academic publishing house is Karolinum Press. The university also operates several museums and two botanical gardens.\nIts seal shows its protector Emperor Charles IV, with his coats of arms as King of the Romans and King of Bohemia, kneeling in front of Saint Wenceslas, the patron saint of Bohemia. It is surrounded by the inscription, Sigillum Universitatis Scolarium Studii Pragensis (English: Seal of the Prague academia).", "Q433103": "Sidney George Brown FRS (6 July 1873 \u2013 7 August 1948) was a British electrical engineer and inventor. He is best remembered for his pioneering work on the design of gyro compasses, radio equipment and loudspeakers.", "Q70223": "Ezekiel, Freiherr von Spanheim (also \u00c9z\u00e9chiel, and known as Baron Spanheim) (7 December 1629 \u2013 7 November 1710) was a Genevan diplomat and scholar.", "Q445095": "Constance Mary Wilde (n\u00e9e Lloyd; 2 January 1859 \u2013 7 April 1898) was an Irish author. She was also the wife of Irish playwright Oscar Wilde and the mother of their two sons, Cyril and Vyvyan.\n\n", "Q191027": "Patricia Neal (born Patsy Louise Neal, January 20, 1926 \u2013 August 8, 2010) was an American actress of stage and screen. She was best known for her film roles as World War II widow Helen Benson in The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), wealthy matron Emily Eustace Failenson in Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), and the worn-out housekeeper Alma Brown in Hud (1963), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She featured as the matriarch in the television film The Homecoming: A Christmas Story (1971); her role as Olivia Walton was re-cast for the series it inspired, The Waltons.", "Q334345": "Harold Arthur Watkinson, 1st Viscount Watkinson, (25 January 1910, in Walton on Thames \u2013 19 December 1995, in Bosham) was a British businessman and Conservative Party politician. He was Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation between 1955 and 1959 and a cabinet member as Minister of Defence between 1959 and 1962, when he was sacked in the Night of the Long Knives. In 1964 he was ennobled as Viscount Watkinson.", "Q153372": "Charles Stevens (May 26, 1893 \u2013 August 22, 1964) was an American actor. He was born in Solomonville, Arizona, and his father was a white Arizona sheriff named George Stevens and mother a Mexican woman named Eloisa Michalana. Stevens was not, as many bios claim, the grandson of Geronimo. He appeared in nearly 200 films between 1915 and 1961. A close friend of actor Douglas Fairbanks, Stevens appeared in nearly all of the Fairbanks' films.", "Q529629": "Tyler James Hilton (born November 22, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter and actor. Hilton began his professional career in music in 2000. Rolling Stone magazine compared him to his contemporary, Howie Day, while others have compared Hilton to Elton John, both vocally and instrumentally.\nSince the release of his debut album, Hilton has ventured into acting, guest starring on The CW's One Tree Hill as the talented but somewhat arrogant Chris Keller, and playing the role of Elvis Presley in the Johnny Cash biopic Walk the Line. He also appeared in Taylor Swift's music video \"Teardrops on My Guitar\" and Gloriana's music video \"(Kissed You) Good Night\".", "Q932694": "Jean-Benjamin Fran\u00e7ois de la Borde (5 September 1734 \u2013 22 July 1794) was a French composer, writer on music and fermier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral (farm tax collector). Born into an aristocratic family, he studied violin under Antoine Dauvergne and composition under Jean-Philippe Rameau. From 1762 to 1774, he served at the court of Louis XV as premier valet de la chambre, losing his post on the death of the king. He wrote many operas, mostly comic, and a four-volume collection of songs for solo voice, Choix de chansons mises en musique illustrated by Jean-Michel Moreau. Many of the songs from the collection were later published individually through the efforts of the English folksong collector Lucy Etheldred Broadwood. His Essai sur la musique ancienne et moderne was published in 1780. La Borde was guillotined during the French Revolution in 1794.", "Q1146208": "The National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (Inria) (French: Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique) is a French national research institution focusing on computer science and applied mathematics.\nIt was created under the name Institut de recherche en informatique et en automatique (IRIA) in 1967 at Rocquencourt near Paris, part of Plan Calcul. Its first site was the historical premises of SHAPE (central command of NATO military forces). In 1980 IRIA became INRIA. Since 2011, it has been styled Inria.\nInria is a Public Scientific and Technical Research Establishment (EPST) under the double supervision of the French Ministry of National Education, Advanced Instruction and Research and the Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry.", "Q197456": "Zhao Shuli (simplified Chinese: \u8d75\u6811\u7406; traditional Chinese: \u8d99\u6a39\u7406; pinyin: Zh\u00e0o Sh\u00f9l\u01d0; Wade\u2013Giles: Chao Shu-li; 1906\u20131970) was a novelist and a leading figure of modern Chinese literature. He died in 1970, following persecutions during the Cultural Revolution.", "Q2659351": "Scared Shrekless is a twenty six minute computer animated Halloween horror comedy television special, set shortly after the events of Shrek Forever After, that premiered on the American television network NBC on Thursday, October 28, 2010. Scared Shrekless was based on the children's book Shrek!, by the writer William Steig, which was published on October 17, 1990.\nThis short marks the first time Eddie Murphy does not reprise his role as Donkey and is replaced by Dean Edwards, Rupert Everett is replaced by Sean Bishop as Prince Charming, and the Ogre Babies are now voiced by Miles Christopher Bakshi and Nina Zoe Bakshi. This is the first time Duloc is seen since the original Shrek. It was produced with the working title of Shrek or Treat.", "Q257812": "Elitsa Todorova (Bulgarian: \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0422\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430; born 2 September 1977 in Varna, Bulgaria) is a Bulgarian folk singer and professional percussionist. Todorova formed the duo Elitsa & Stoyan and they represented Bulgaria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 in Helsinki, and once again represented Bulgaria at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malm\u00f6. The drums, \"\"The Cosmic tree\",\"The Olympic drums of Bulgaria\", \"Drum-Pyramid\" are among the tools with which she has left an individual impact on ethno-music.", "Q376176": "Walter Marvin Koenig (; born September 14, 1936) is an American actor and screenwriter. His began acting professionally in the mid 1960s and quickly rose to prominence for his leading role as Ensign Pavel Chekov in Star Trek: The Original Series (1967-1969) second season. He went on to reprise this role in all seven subsequent Star Trek films. He has also starred in several other series and films including Goodbye, Raggedy Ann (1971), The Questor Tapes (1974), Babylon 5 (1993), and Crusade (1999).\nIn addition to his acting career, Koenig has made a career in writing as well and is known for working on Star Trek: The Animated Series (1973), Land of the Lost (1974), Family (1976), What Really Happened to the Class of '65? (1977) and The Powers of Matthew Star (1982).", "Q286285": "Jean-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric \u00c9mile Oustalet (24 August 1844 \u2013 23 October 1905 Saint-Cast) was a French zoologist.\n \nOustalet was born at Montb\u00e9liard, in the department of Doubs. He studied at the Ecole des Hautes-Etudes and his first scientific work was on the respiratory organs of dragonfly larvae. He was employed at the Mus\u00e9um National d'Histoire Naturelle, where he succeeded Jules Verreaux as assistant-naturalist in 1873. In 1900 he succeeded Alphonse Milne-Edwards as Professor of Mammalogy.French ornithologist \u00c9mile Oustalet described a specimen from Branco as a separate species Passer brancoensis in 1883, which was recognised as the subspecies Passer iagoensis brancoensis by W. R. P. Bourne, who claimed to observe differences between Iago sparrows from different islands.He co-authored Les Oiseaux de la Chine (1877) with Armand David, and also wrote Les Oiseaux du Cambodge (1899).Oustalet was president of the third International Ornithological Congress held in Paris in 1900.\nA species of Malagasy chameleon, Furcifer oustaleti, was named in his honor by Fran\u00e7ois Mocquard in 1894.", "Q158227": "The German National People's Party (German: Deutschnationale Volkspartei, DNVP) was a national-conservative party in Germany during the Weimar Republic. Before the rise of the Nazi Party, it was the major conservative and nationalist party in Weimar Germany. It was an alliance of nationalists, reactionary monarchists, v\u00f6lkisch and antisemitic elements supported by the Pan-German League.It was formed in late 1918 after Germany's defeat in World War I and the November Revolution that toppled the German monarchy. It combined the bulk of the German Conservative Party, Free Conservative Party and German Fatherland Party with right-wing elements of the National Liberal Party. The party strongly rejected the republican Weimar Constitution of 1919 and the Treaty of Versailles which it viewed as a national disgrace, signed by traitors. The party instead aimed at a restoration of monarchy, a repeal of the dictated peace treaty and reacquisition of all lost territories and colonies.\nDuring the mid-1920s, the DNVP moderated its profile, accepting republican institutions in practice (while still calling for a return to monarchy in its manifesto) and participating in centre-right coalition governments on federal and state levels. It broadened its voting base\u2014winning as many as 20.5% in the December 1924 election\u2014and supported the election of Paul von Hindenburg as President of Germany (Reichspr\u00e4sident) in 1925. Under the leadership of the populist media entrepreneur Alfred Hugenberg from 1928, the party reclaimed its reactionary nationalist and anti-republican rhetoric and changed its strategy to mass mobilisation, plebiscites and support of authoritarian rule by the President instead of work by parliamentary means. At the same time, it lost many votes to Adolf Hitler's rising Nazi Party. Several prominent Nazis began their careers in the DNVP.\nAfter 1929, the DNVP co-operated with the Nazis, joining forces in the Harzburg Front of 1931, forming coalition governments in some states and finally supporting Hitler's appointment as Chancellor (Reichskanzler) in January 1933. Initially, the DNVP had a number of ministers in Hitler's government, but the party quickly lost influence and eventually dissolved itself in June 1933, giving way to the Nazis' single-party dictatorship. The Nazis allowed former DNVP members in the Reichstag, the civil service, and the police to continue with their jobs and left the rest of the party membership generally in peace.\nDuring the Second World War, several prominent former DNVP members, such as Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, were involved in the German resistance against the Nazis and took part in the 20 July assassination plot against Hitler in 1944.", "Q339661": "The Basque Ball: Skin Against Stone (Spanish: La pelota vasca: la piel contra la piedra; Basque: Euskal pilota: larrua harriaren kontra) is a 2003 documentary film written and directed by Spanish filmmaker Julio M\u00e9dem.", "Q1397833": "Fran\u00e7ois Alexandre Nicolas Ch\u00e9ri Delsarte (19 November 1811 \u2013 20 July 1871) was a French singer, orator, and coach. Though he achieved some success as a composer, he is chiefly known as a teacher in singing and declamation (oratory).", "Q939919": "Jos\u00e9 Leit\u00e3o de Barros (22 October 1896 \u2013 29 June 1967) was a Portuguese film director and playwright.\nAmong his most famous films are Maria do Mar (1930), the second docufiction after \nMoana (1926) by Robert Flaherty, the first Portuguese sound film, A Severa (1931), Ala-Arriba! (1945), and a biopic about Portugal's national poet, Cam\u00f5es (1946).\nHe was born and died in Lisbon.", "Q274013": "Jane Holzer (n\u00e9e Brukenfeld; born October 23, 1940) is an American art collector and film producer who was previously an actress, model, and Warhol superstar. She was often known by the nickname Baby Jane Holzer.", "Q202185": "Jay Brannan (born March 29, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter and actor. He was born in Texas and briefly studied in Ohio, but moved to California to become an actor. Brannan appeared in the 2006 movie Shortbus, which included one of his songs in its soundtrack, and began to build a fan base by performing on YouTube. He released an EP and acted in Holding Trevor in 2007. Since then, he has toured and released four albums.", "Q949226": "Emanuel Zisman (Bulgarian: \u0415\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0435\u043b \u0417\u0438\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d; Hebrew: \u05e2\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05d6\u05d9\u05e1\u05de\u05df\u200e, 11 February 1935 \u2013 11 November 2009) was an Israeli politician and ambassador. He served as a member of the Knesset between 1988 and 1999.\n\n", "Q899205": "Monster Buster Club is a children's science fiction television series co-produced by the French-based company Marathon Media, Canadian animation studio Image Entertainment Corporation and Jetix Europe. The show debuted on June 2, 2008, on Jetix in Europe, June 9, 2008, in the United States and in Asia on May 3, 2008. It premiered on YTV in Canada.", "Q896136": "Heinrich Graf von Einsiedel (26 July 1921 \u2013 18 July 2007) was a German journalist, politician, and World War II Luftwaffe ace.", "Q195527": "Leslie Conway \"Lester\" Bangs (December 14, 1948 \u2013 April 30, 1982) was an American music journalist, critic, author, and musician. He wrote for Creem and Rolling Stone magazines, and was known for his leading influence in rock music criticism. The music critic Jim DeRogatis called him \"America's greatest rock critic\".\n\n", "Q296928": "James Todd Spader (born February 7, 1960) is an American actor. He portrays eccentric characters in films such as the drama Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989), the action science fiction film Stargate (1994), the controversial psychological thriller Crash (1996), and the erotic romance Secretary (2002). In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, he played the titular character of Ultron in Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), which he portrayed through voice and motion capture.\nHis television roles include those of attorney Alan Shore in The Practice and its spin-off Boston Legal (for which he won three Emmy Awards), and Robert California in the comedy-mockumentary The Office. He also stars as high-profile criminal-turned-FBI-informant Raymond \"Red\" Reddington in the NBC crime drama The Blacklist, for which he has earned two Golden Globe Award nominations.", "Q590870": "Cinematography (from ancient Greek \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, k\u00ecnema \"movement\" and \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, gr\u00e0phein \"to write\") is the art of motion-picture photography and filming either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.Cinematographers use a lens to focus reflected light from objects into a real image that is transferred to some image sensor or light-sensitive material inside a movie camera. These exposures are created sequentially and preserved for later processing and viewing as a motion picture. Capturing images with an electronic image sensor produces an electrical charge for each pixel in the image, which is electronically processed and stored in a video file for subsequent processing or display. Images captured with photographic emulsion result in a series of invisible latent images on the film stock, which are chemically \"developed\" into a visible image. The images on the film stock are projected for viewing the motion picture.\nCinematography finds uses in many fields of science and business as well as for entertainment purposes and mass communication.", "Q289808": "Hebe Tien (Chinese: \u7530\u99a5\u7504; pinyin: Ti\u00e1n F\u00f9zh\u0113n; born 30 March 1983) is a Taiwanese singer and actress. Born and raised in Taiwan, she rose to fame in the early 2000s as a member of Taiwanese girl group S.H.E. The release of her debut album, To Hebe (2010), established her as a solo artist. Tien's song \"A Little Happiness\", the theme song of the 2015 Taiwanese film Our Times, was a major hit in most Mandarin-speaking parts of Asia.", "Q168482": "Santiago Calatrava Valls (born 28 July 1951) is a Spanish architect, structural engineer, sculptor and painter, particularly known for his bridges supported by single leaning pylons, and his railway stations, stadiums, and museums, whose sculptural forms often resemble living organisms. His best-known works include the Milwaukee Art Museum, the Turning Torso tower in Malm\u00f6, Sweden, the World Trade Center Transportation Hub in New York City, the Auditorio de Tenerife in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge in Dallas, Texas, and his largest project, the City of Arts and Sciences and Opera House in his birthplace Valencia. His architectural firm has offices in New York City, Doha, and Z\u00fcrich.", "Q704717": "Charles Morand Path\u00e9 (French: [pate]; 26 December 1863 \u2013 25 December 1957) was a pioneer of the French film and recording industries. As the founder of Path\u00e9 Fr\u00e8res, its roots lie in 1896 Paris, France, when Path\u00e9 and his brothers, pioneered the development of the moving image. Path\u00e9 adopted the national emblem of France, the cockerel, as the trademark for his company. After the company, now called Compagnie G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des \u00c9stablissements Path\u00e9 Fr\u00e8res Phonographes & Cin\u00e9matographes, invented the cinema newsreel with Path\u00e9-Journal. \n\n", "Q385798": "Under Siege is a 1992 American action thriller film directed by Andrew Davis and written by J. F. Lawton. It stars Steven Seagal as an ex-Navy SEAL who must stop a group of mercenaries, led by Tommy Lee Jones, on the U.S. Navy battleship USS Missouri.Released on 9 October 1992, Under Siege became Seagal's most successful film in critical and financial terms, including two Oscar nominations for sound production. The musical score was composed by Gary Chang. It was followed by a 1995 sequel, Under Siege 2: Dark Territory, and is often considered Seagal's best film to date.", "Q193156": "Ralph Nader (; born February 27, 1934) is an American political activist, author, lecturer, and attorney, noted for his involvement in consumer protection, environmentalism and government reform causes. The son of Lebanese immigrants to the United States, Nader was educated at Princeton and Harvard and first came to prominence in 1965 with the publication of the bestselling book Unsafe at Any Speed, a highly influential critique of the safety record of American automobile manufacturers. Following the publication of Unsafe at Any Speed, Nader led a group of volunteer law students\u2014dubbed \"Nader's Raiders\"\u2014in an investigation of the Federal Trade Commission, leading directly to that agency's overhaul and reform. In the 1970s, Nader leveraged his growing popularity to establish a number of advocacy and watchdog groups including the Public Interest Research Group, the Center for Auto Safety, and Public Citizen. Two of Nader's most notable targets were the Chevy Corvair and the Ford Pinto.Nader's activism has been directly credited with the passage of several landmark pieces of American consumer protection legislation including the Clean Water Act, the Freedom of Information Act, the Consumer Product Safety Act, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the Whistleblower Protection Act, and the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act. He has been repeatedly named to lists of the \"100 Most Influential Americans\", including those published by Life, Time, and The Atlantic.\nHe ran for President of the United States on several occasions as an independent and third party candidate, using the campaigns to highlight under-reported issues and a perceived need for electoral reform. His 2000 candidacy stirred controversy, with several studies suggesting that Nader's candidacy helped Republican George W. Bush win a close election against Democrat Al Gore. During the election, Nader had appeared to state that he preferred Bush to win over Gore, saying \u201cIf it were a choice between a provocateur and an \u2018anesthetizer,\u2019 I\u2019d rather have a provocateur\", though the Nader campaign later clarified that the statement was not meant to indicate Bush was a better choice over Gore, but rather that Nader intended to beat both of them.A two-time Nieman Fellow, Nader is the author or co-author of more than two dozen books, and was the subject of a documentary film on his life and work, An Unreasonable Man, which debuted at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival.", "Q262117": "H. S. \"Newsreel\" Wong (1900 \u2013 March 9, 1981) was a Chinese newsreel photojournalist. He is most notable for \"Bloody Saturday\", a moment he captured on film during the Second Sino-Japanese War.\nWong was also known as Wang Haisheng (Chinese: \u738b\u6d77\u5347) or Wang Xiaoting (Chinese: \u738b\u5c0f\u4ead). He owned a camera shop in Shanghai. For capturing moving images he used an Eyemo newsreel camera, and for still photography he used a Leica.", "Q366403": "Matteo Martin \"Matt\" Battaglia (born September 25, 1965) is an American producer, actor and former football player.", "Q98953": "Alena Gerber (born 20 August 1989) is a German model, actress and TV host.", "Q983249": "Michel Faber (born 13 April 1960) is a Dutch-born writer of English-language fiction, including his 2002 novel The Crimson Petal and the White. His latest book is a novel for young adults, D: A Tale of Two Worlds, coming out in late 2020\n\n", "Q87873": "Fritz Neugebauer was the Second President of the National Council of Austria from 2008 to 2013.", "Q1748718": "Nehemiah Perry (March 30, 1816 \u2013 November 1, 1881) was an American clerk, cloth manufacturer and Democratic Party politician who represented New Jersey's 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1861 to 1865.", "Q573533": "Marvin Leonard Kalb (born June 9, 1930) is an American journalist. Kalb was the founding director of the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy and Edward R. Murrow Professor of Press and Public Policy from 1987 to 1999. The Shorenstein Center and the Kennedy School are part of Harvard University. He is currently a James Clark Welling Fellow at George Washington University and a member of the Atlantic Community Advisory Board. He is a guest scholar in Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution.\n\n", "Q321990": "Mason Adams (February 26, 1919 \u2013 April 26, 2005) was an American character actor and voice-over artist. From the late 1940s until the early 1970s he was heard in numerous radio programs and voiceovers for television commercials, the later of which he resumed in the 1980s and 90s. In the early 1970s he moved into acting and from 1977 to 1982 held perhaps his most known role, that of Managing Editor Charlie Hume on Lou Grant. He also acted in numerous other television and movie roles, most prominently Omen III: The Final Conflict (1981) and F/X (1986).", "Q298905": "Claude Berri (French: [b\u025b\u0281i]; 1 July 1934 \u2013 12 January 2009) was a French film director, writer, producer, actor and distributor.", "Q431072": "Sean Yazbeck is a British businessman. He is the winner of the fifth season (2006) of Donald Trump's reality show, The Apprentice. He is the recipient of the 2014 'British Entrepreneur of The Year Award' from the British Government's, Department for International Trade (previously UKTI). He is the Founder and CEO of an Inc. 500 Fastest Growing Company in America. He is the benefactor of 'The Sean Yazbeck Centre for Digital Innovation' at Solent University, a learning centre for BSc, MSc and PhD degrees in media, software and business.", "Q61448": "Princess Hermine Reuss of Greiz (German: Hermine, Prinzessin Reu\u00df zu Greiz; 17 December 1887 \u2013 7 August 1947), widowed Princess of Sch\u00f6naich-Carolath, was the second wife of Wilhelm II (1859\u20131941). They were married in 1922, four years after he had abdicated as German Emperor and King of Prussia.", "Q3608237": "Alberto Cl\u00f2 (born 1947) is an Italian businessman, politician and academic. He served as minister of industry from 1995 to 1996. He was the director of Eni SpA.", "Q93806": "Delyth Jane Morgan, Baroness Morgan of Drefelin (born 30 August 1961), is a Crossbench peer in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom, having formerly sat as a Labour peer. She was raised to the peerage in 2004 and appointed Chief Executive of the Breast Cancer Campaign, now Breast Cancer Now, in 2011. She was educated at Bedford College, London, BSc Physiology & Biochemistry, 1983, now part of Royal Holloway, University of London, and also University College London. She was president of the London University Union (1985\u201386).\n\n", "Q114987": "Anton Benya (born October 8, 1912 in Vienna, died December 5, 2001) was an Austrian politician (with the Social Democratic Party of Austria) and trade unionist.", "Q125582": "Axel Brauns (born 2 July 1963) is a German writer and filmmaker.\n\n", "Q191999": "Robert Strange McNamara (June 9, 1916 \u2013 July 6, 2009) was an American business executive and the eighth United States Secretary of Defense, serving from 1961 to 1968 under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He played a major role in escalating the United States' involvement in the Vietnam War. McNamara was responsible for the institution of systems analysis in public policy, which developed into the discipline known today as policy analysis.He was born in San Francisco, California, graduated from UC Berkeley and Harvard Business School and served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. After the war, Henry Ford II hired McNamara and a group of other Army Air Force veterans to work for Ford Motor Company. These \"Whiz Kids\" helped reform Ford with modern planning, organization, and management control systems. After briefly serving as Ford's president, McNamara accepted appointment as Secretary of Defense.\nMcNamara became a close adviser to Kennedy and advocated the use of a blockade during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Kennedy and McNamara instituted a Cold War defense strategy of flexible response, which anticipated the need for military responses short of massive retaliation. McNamara consolidated intelligence and logistics functions of the Pentagon into two centralized agencies: the Defense Intelligence Agency and the Defense Supply Agency. During the Kennedy administration, McNamara presided over a build-up of US soldiers in South Vietnam. After the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident, the number of US soldiers in Vietnam escalated dramatically. McNamara and other US policymakers feared that the fall of South Vietnam to a Communist regime would lead to the fall of other governments in the region. In October 1966, he launched Project 100,000, the lowering of army IQ standards which allowed 354,000 additional men to be recruited, despite criticism that they were not suited to working in high stress or dangerous environments.\nMcNamara grew increasingly skeptical of the efficacy of committing US soldiers to Vietnam. In 1968, he resigned as Secretary of Defense to become President of the World Bank. He remains the longest serving Secretary of Defense, having remained in office over seven years. He served as President of the World Bank until 1981, shifting the focus of the World Bank towards poverty reduction. After retiring, he served as a trustee of several organizations, including the California Institute of Technology and the Brookings Institution. In his later writings and interviews, he expressed regret for the decisions he made during the Vietnam War.", "Q76134": "Wolfgang Jeschke (19 November 1936 \u2013 10 June 2015) was a German sci-fi author and editor at Heyne Verlag. In 1987, he won the Harrison Award for international achievements in science fiction.", "Q259181": "Magda Apanowicz ( ap-\u0259-NOH-vitch; Polish: [apa\u02c8n\u0254vit\u0361\u0282]; born November 8, 1985) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her roles as Andy Jensen on the ABC Family series Kyle XY, as Lacy Rand on the short-lived Syfy science fiction drama series Caprica and as Emily (born Maya Hartwell) on the science fiction series Continuum. Recently, she starred as Sandy in the Netflix thriller series You.", "Q66327": "Werner Maser (12 July 1922 \u2013 5 April 2007) was a German historian, journalist and professor at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg. Werner was the first historian to claim that the Hitler Diaries were forgeries.He was born in East Prussia to a farmer and horse breeder. During the Second World War he served in the German Army as an infantry officer. After Germany's defeat, Maser was interned by the Soviets in Sachsenhausen concentration camp. After his release, he studied theology, philosophy and political science at Berlin, Munich and Erlangen. His doctoral thesis was titled The Organisation of the F\u00fchrer Legend. Maser was appointed professor of history at the University of Munich and he was also a guest professor at universities in America, Japan and Finland. He discovered Hitler's medical records, which had been thought lost.During the late 1970s Werner claimed that Hitler had fathered a son (Jean-Marie Loret) with a French peasant dancer in 1918.He was a critic of the works of Alan Bullock and Sebastian Haffner. In his 1994 work Der Wortbruch: Hitler, Stalin und der Zweite Weltkrieg (\"The Broken Agreement: Hitler, Stalin and the Second World War\"), Maser argued that the Soviets were preparing to invade Germany and that Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union pre-empted the planned Soviet invasion of Germany by two weeks. He also wrote biographies of German Presidents Friedrich Ebert, Paul von Hindenburg and Helmut Kohl.", "Q386291": "EDtv is a 1999 American satirical comedy film directed by Ron Howard. An adaptation of the Quebecois film Louis 19, King of the Airwaves (Louis 19, le roi des ondes) (1994), it stars Matthew McConaughey, Jenna Elfman, Woody Harrelson, Ellen DeGeneres, Martin Landau, Rob Reiner, Sally Kirkland, Elizabeth Hurley, Clint Howard, and Dennis Hopper.\nThe movie received mixed reviews and was a box office flop, grossing only a little over $35 million compared to its $80 million production budget.\nThe film was screened out of competition at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q144168": "Donnie Brooks (born John Dee Abohosh; February 6, 1936 \u2013 February 23, 2007) was an American pop music singer. Brooks is a member of the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q422768": "David Chocarro (born April 5, 1980 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is a former baseball player and Argentine model and actor.\n\n", "Q4201725": "The Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian: \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0420\u0410\u041d) is an integral part of the Historical and Philological Studies Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is a unique Russian academic institution focused on comprehensive studies of Slavic history, culture, literature, and languages. The Institute carries on the traditions of Russian Slavic scholars that have evolved over the last two centuries.", "Q36510": "Modern Greek (\u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, N\u00e9a Ellinik\u00e1, [\u02c8ne.a elini\u02c8ka] or \u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0393\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1), generally referred to by speakers simply as Greek (\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, Ellinik\u00e1), refers collectively to the dialects of the Greek language spoken in the modern era, including the official standardized form of the languages sometimes referred to as Standard Modern Greek. The end of the Medieval Greek period and the beginning of Modern Greek is often symbolically assigned to the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, even though that date marks no clear linguistic boundary and many characteristic features of the modern language arose centuries earlier, beginning around the fourth century AD.\nDuring most of the Modern Greek period, the language existed in a situation of diglossia, with regional spoken dialects existing side by side with learned, more archaic written forms, as with the vernacular and learned varieties (Dimotiki and Katharevousa) that co-existed in Greece throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries.", "Q846101": "The Georgetown University Law Center is one of the professional graduate schools of Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Established in 1870, it is the second largest law school in the United States by student body and receives more full-time applications than any other law school in the country.Georgetown Law was ranked #14 overall in U.S. News & World Report's 2020 ranking of the best US law schools.", "Q67039": "Ernst Ulrich von Weizs\u00e4cker (born 25 June 1939 in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland) is a German scientist and politician (SPD). He was a member of the German Bundestag and currently serves as co-president of the Club of Rome jointly with Anders Wijkman.\n\n", "Q78119": "Joachim \"Blacky\" Fuchsberger (pronounced [\u02c8jo\u02d0ax\u026am \u02c8f\u028a\u00e7sb\u025br\u0261\u0250]; 11 March 1927 \u2013 11 September 2014) was a German actor and television host, best known to a wide German-speaking audience as one of the recurring actors in various Edgar Wallace movies (always playing one of the good guys, often a Detective Inspector with Scotland Yard). In the English-speaking world, he was sometimes credited as Akim Berg or Berger.", "Q4491": "Anna Kay Faris (; born November 29, 1976) is an American actress, podcaster, and author. She rose to prominence for her work in comedic roles, particularly the lead part of Cindy Campbell in the Scary Movie films (2000\u20132006). Faris has appeared in a number of films, including The Hot Chick (2002), May (2002), Lost in Translation (2003), Brokeback Mountain (2005), Just Friends (2005), My Super Ex-Girlfriend (2006), Smiley Face (2007), The House Bunny (2008), What's Your Number? (2011), The Dictator (2012), and Overboard (2018). She has also had voice-over roles in the film franchises Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009\u20132013) and Alvin and the Chipmunks (2009\u20132015), as well as The Emoji Movie (2017). \nFaris had a recurring role as the birth mother to Monica and Chandler's twins in the tenth and final season of Friends (2004). She has played the co-lead role of Christy Plunkett on the CBS sitcom Mom since 2013. The show has earned the actress further critical and popular acclaim and three People's Choice Award nominations. In 2015, Faris launched Unqualified, an advice podcast, and in 2017, her memoir of the same name was published.", "Q125596": "Ursela Monn (born 2 December 1950) is a Swiss actress and singer.", "Q1545284": "Terrence Paul Melcher (born Terrence Paul Jorden, February 8, 1942 \u2013 November 19, 2004) was an American record producer, singer, and songwriter who was instrumental in shaping the mid-to-late 1960s California Sound and folk rock movements. His best-known contributions were producing the Byrds' first two albums Mr. Tambourine Man (1965) and Turn! Turn! Turn! (1965), as well as most of the hit recordings of Paul Revere & the Raiders and Gentle Soul. He is also known for his association with Charles Manson, a songwriter and cult leader who was later convicted of eight murders.\nMelcher was the only child of actress/singer Doris Day; his father was Day's first husband Al Jorden, and he was adopted by her third husband Martin Melcher. Most of his early recordings were with the vocal surf acts the Rip Chords and Bruce & Terry. In the 1960s, Melcher was acquainted with the Beach Boys, helping connect Brian Wilson to Smile lyricist Van Dyke Parks. Melcher later produced several singles for the Beach Boys in the 1980s and the 1990s, including \"Kokomo\" (1988), which topped U.S. record charts.", "Q3439052": "Roger Guesnerie is an economist born in France in 1943. He is currently the Chaired Professor of Economic Theory and Social Organization of the Coll\u00e8ge de France, Director of Studies at the \u00c9cole des hautes \u00e9tudes en sciences sociales, and the chairman of the board of directors of the Paris School of Economics.\n\n", "Q115455": "Gjergj Fishta (pronounced [\u025f\u025b\u027e\u025f \u02c8fi\u0283ta]; 23 October 1871 \u2013 30 December 1940) was an Albanian franciscan friar, poet, educator, politician, rilindas, translator and writer. He is regarded as the national poet of Albania and one of the most influential Albanian writers of the 20th century for his epic masterpiece Lahuta e Malc\u00eds and the editor of two of the most autoritative magazines after Albania's independence, Posta e Shypni\u00ebs (1916\u20131917) and founder of Hylli i Drit\u00ebs (1913-).Notably being the chairman of the commission of the Congress of Monastir, which sanctioned the Albanian alphabet. He was part of the Albanian delegation to the Versailles Conference, 1919. In 1921 he was a member and became the deputy chairman of the Albanian parliament, later on in the '20s and the '30s he was among the most influential cultural and literary figures in Albania. After the communist regime came to power, his literary oeuvre has been taken out of circulation, and it stayed so until the fall of communism.", "Q230123": "Elsa Lafuente Medianu (born 18 July 1976), known professionally as Elsa Pataky, is a Spanish model, actress, and film producer. Pataky is known for her role as Elena Neves in The Fast and the Furious franchise. She has appeared in the films Snakes on a Plane (2006), Giallo (2009) and Give 'Em Hell, Malone (2009). She also starred in the Spanish film Di Di Hollywood (2010).", "Q186229": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Thiriart (22 March 1922, Brussels \u2013 23 November 1992) was a Belgian politician associated with neo-fascist and neo-Nazi groups. In the 1960s he publicly rejected his Nazi past and promoted pan-European ideas, founding Jeune Europe.", "Q70551": "Fontaines-sur-Grandson is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q191755": "James Robert Jarmusch (; born January 22, 1953) is an American film director, screenwriter, actor, producer, editor, and composer. He has been a major proponent of independent cinema since the 1980s, directing films as Stranger Than Paradise (1984), Down by Law (1986), Mystery Train (1989), Dead Man (1995), Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai (1999), Coffee and Cigarettes (2003), Broken Flowers (2005), Only Lovers Left Alive (2013), and Paterson (2016). Stranger Than Paradise was added to the National Film Registry in December 2002. As a musician, Jarmusch has composed music for his films and released two albums with Jozef van Wissem.", "Q39637": "Nicolas Appert (17 November 1749 Ch\u00e2lons-sur-Marne (present Ch\u00e2lons-en-Champagne), present Marne \u2013 1 June 1841 Massy) was the French inventor of airtight food preservation. Appert, known as the \"father of canning\", was a confectioner.\nAppert described his invention as a way \"of conserving all kinds of food substances in containers\".", "Q180880": "Pantera () was an American heavy metal band from Arlington, Texas formed in 1981. The group's best-known lineup consisted of the Abbott brothers\u2014drummer Vinnie Paul and guitarist Dimebag Darrell\u2014along with vocalist Phil Anselmo and bassist Rex Brown. In addition to their development and popularization of the groove metal subgenre, Pantera is credited (along with others such as Testament, Sepultura and Machine Head) for being part of the second wave of thrash metal scene from the late 1980s to early-to-mid 1990s.Having started as a glam metal band, Pantera released three albums in the mid-1980s with founding member Terry Glaze as lead vocalist. Looking for a new and heavier sound, Pantera replaced Glaze with Anselmo in late 1986 and released Power Metal in 1988. The band secured a record deal with the major label Atco the following year. With its fifth album, 1990's Cowboys from Hell, Pantera popularized the groove metal genre, while its 1992 follow-up Vulgar Display of Power exhibited an even heavier sound. Far Beyond Driven (1994) debuted at number one on the Billboard 200.Tensions began to surface among the band members when Anselmo became addicted to heroin in 1995; he almost died from an overdose in 1996. These tensions resulted in the recording sessions for The Great Southern Trendkill (1996) being held separately. The ongoing tension lasted for another seven years, during which only one studio album, Reinventing the Steel (2000), was recorded. Pantera went on hiatus in 2001 but was disbanded by the Abbott brothers in 2003 amid communication problems and their conclusion that Anselmo would not return to the band.\nThe Abbott brothers went on to form Damageplan, while Anselmo continued work on several side projects, including Down, which Brown joined as well. On December 8, 2004, Darrell was shot and killed on stage by a mentally unstable fan during a Damageplan concert in Columbus, Ohio. Vinnie Paul went on to form Hellyeah after his brother's death, and died of heart failure in 2018, leaving Brown and Anselmo as the only surviving members of the band's best-known lineup.", "Q60742": "Emil Maurice (19 January 1897 \u2013 6 February 1972) was an early member of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party) and a founding member of the Schutzstaffel (SS). He was Hitler's first personal chauffeur, succeeded first by Julius Schreck and then Erich Kempka. He was one of the few persons of mixed Jewish and ethnic German ancestry to serve in the SS.", "Q127381": "Leopold David de Rothschild, CBE, FRCM (12 May 1927 \u2013 19 April 2012) was a British financier, musician, and a member of the Rothschild banking family of England.Leopold David was the fourth and youngest child and second son of Lionel Nathan de Rothschild (1882\u20131942) and Marie Louise Eug\u00e9nie Beer (1892\u20131975). From childhood he had a fondness for music and became an accomplished pianist and violinist. As a vocalist, he sang with The Bach Choir of London for many years and would later serve as its president. While in his teens, he joined the Royal Navy, serving for two years. He went to work at Kuhn, Loeb & Co., as well as at Morgan Stanley and Glyn, Mills & Co. before becoming a partner at his family's N M Rothschild & Sons in 1956.While he had a long and successful career in banking, his love of music and the arts played an important role in his life. He was an honorary member of the Incorporated Society of Musicians, among his many involvements, Leopold de Rothschild served as:\n\nMusic Advisory Committee of the British Council \u2014 Chairman\nEnglish Chamber Orchestra \u2014 President\nGlyndebourne Arts Trust \u2014 Trustee\nJewish Music Institute, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London \u2014 Co-President\nRoyal College of Music \u2014 Council Chairman and Independent adviser\nVoices Foundation \u2014 founding member, and a member of the Consultative Council\nCountess of Munster Musical Trust \u2014 Chairman\nWendover Choral Society; President from May 2009\nTrustee of the National Museum of Science and Industry [Science Museum], London and the National Railway Museum, York\nTring Park School for the Performing Arts \u2014 PresidentAmong his philanthropic works, through his \"Leopold de Rothschild Charitable Trust\" he contributed to numerous charities, including the St John's Hospice for the terminally ill. In addition, his Charitable Trust provides support to the London Symphony Orchestra, the London Sinfonietta, the Rambert Dance Company, and provides scholarships for students to study at the Royal College of Music of which he was a Fellow (FRCM) and past Council Chairman.\n\n", "Q330889": "T. R. Silambarasan, also credited by his initials STR or nickname Simbu, is an Indian film actor, director, writer, composer, dancer, lyricist and playback singer in the Tamil film industry. He began his career by playing roles as a child artist in films directed by his father T. Rajendar, before his first lead role in Kadhal Azhivathillai (2002), under his father's direction and produced by his mother Usha.", "Q339113": "Alexander Brody (born S\u00e1ndor Br\u00f3dy, January 28, 1933, Budapest) is a businessman, author and marketing executive. He is the grandson of Hungarian writer S\u00e1ndor Br\u00f3dy.", "Q13974": "The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English-language commercial terrestrial radio and television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is headquartered at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, with additional major offices near Los Angeles (at 10 Universal City Plaza), Chicago (at the NBC Tower) and Philadelphia (at the Comcast Technology Center). The network is one of the Big Three television networks. NBC is sometimes referred to as the \"Peacock Network\", in reference to its stylized peacock logo, introduced in 1956 to promote the company's innovations in early color broadcasting. It became the network's official emblem in 1979.\nFounded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. At that time the parent company of RCA was General Electric (GE). In 1932, GE was forced to sell RCA and NBC as a result of antitrust charges.\nIn 1986, control of NBC passed back to General Electric (GE) through its $6.4 billion purchase of RCA. GE immediately began to liquidate RCA's various divisions, but retained NBC. After the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright became chief executive officer of NBC; he would remain in that position until his retirement in 2007, when he was succeeded by Jeff Zucker.\nIn 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, forming NBC Universal. Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electric's remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBCUniversal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke.\nNBC has thirteen owned-and-operated stations and nearly 200 affiliates throughout the United States and its territories, some of which are also available in Canada and/or Mexico via pay-television providers or in border areas over-the-air; NBC also maintains brand licensing agreements for international channels in South Korea and Germany.", "Q168496": "Carlo Carr\u00e0 (Italian: [\u02c8karlo kar\u02c8ra]; February 11, 1881 \u2013 April 13, 1966) was an Italian painter and a leading figure of the Futurist movement that flourished in Italy during the beginning of the 20th century. In addition to his many paintings, he wrote a number of books concerning art. He taught for many years in the city of Milan.", "Q1251900": "Douglas Alan Yule (born February 25, 1947) is an American musician and singer, most notable for being a member of the Velvet Underground from 1968 to 1973.", "Q4822048": "Aura: Koga Maryuin's Last War (AURA \uff5e\u9b54\u7adc\u9662\u5149\u7259\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u95d8\u3044\uff5e, Aura: Mary\u016bink\u014dga Saigo no Tatakai) is a Japanese romantic comedy light novel written by Romeo Tanaka, with illustrations by Mebae, published on July 18, 2008 by Shogakukan under their Gagaga Bunko imprint. A manga adaptation by K\u014dichir\u014d Hoshino was serialized between the April 2012 and May 2013 issues of Shogakukan's Sh\u014dnen Sunday Super. An anime film by AIC ASTA premiered on April 13, 2013.", "Q171879": "David Murray (28 December 1909, in Edinburgh \u2013 5 April 1973, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain) was a British racing driver from Scotland. He participated in five Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 13 May 1950, and also founded the Ecurie Ecosse Scottish motor racing team, based at Merchiston Mews in Edinburgh.\nMurray was a chartered accountant by profession and raced an ERA and subsequently a Maserati 4CLT both domestically and in European events, before forming Ecurie Ecosse in 1952. He also participated in rallies and hill-climbs. After one World Championship event, for Ecosse, Murray retired as a driver to concentrate on running the team. Ecurie Ecosse won the Le Mans 24 hour race in both 1956 and 1957 each time with a Jaguar D-Type.Murray moved abroad and was killed in a road accident in the Canary Isles on 5 April 1973.", "Q3249088": "Michel Wachenheim (born 16 January 1951 at Saint-Maur-des-Foss\u00e9s) is a French ambassador and permanent representative of France at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).\n\n", "Q234423": "Adrianne Marie Curry-Rhode (born August 6, 1982) is an American fashion model, actress and television personality. She is best known as the winner of the first cycle of America's Next Top Model in 2003.", "Q7621420": "\"Strange Love\" is the pilot episode of True Blood. The episode was written and directed by Alan Ball and originally aired in the United States on HBO on September 7, 2008. In the episode, Sookie Stackhouse meets vampire Bill Compton and saves him from vicious vampire drainers, while her best friend Tara becomes the new bartender at Sam Merlotte's bar and Sookie's brother Jason finds himself accused of murder. The episode received generally positive reviews from critics. It was rated TV-MA for Adult Content, Adult Language, Nudity, Strong Sexual Content, and Violence.", "Q3172918": "Paloma Bernardi (born April 21, 1985) is a Brazilian actress. She became known in Brazil playing the character Mia in the telenovela Viver a Vida.", "Q62633": "The Grand Duchy of Finland (Finnish: Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta, Swedish: Storfurstend\u00f6met Finland, Russian: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0424\u0438\u043d\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435, Velikoye knyazhestvo Finlyandskoye; literally meaning \"Grand Principality of Finland\"), or, more accurately, the Grand Principality of Finland, was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed between 1809 and 1917 as an autonomous part of the Russian Empire.\nOriginating in the 16th century as a titular grand principality (often translated into English as a grand duchy) held by the King of Sweden, it became autonomous after the Russian annexation in the Finnish War. The Grand Prince of Finland, usually rendered in English as the Grand Duke of Finland, was the Romanov Emperor of Russia, who was represented by the Governor-General. Due to the governmental structure of the Russian Empire and Finnish initiative, the grand duchy's autonomy expanded until the end of the 19th century. The Senate of Finland was founded in 1809, which became the most important governmental organ and the precursor to the modern Government of Finland, Supreme Court of Finland and the Supreme Administrative Court of Finland.The economic, social and political changes in the Grand Principality of Finland were closely connected with those in the rest of the Russian Empire and the rest of Europe. The economy grew slowly during the first half of the 19th century. The reign of Alexander II after 1855 saw significant cultural, social and intellectual progress and an industrializing economy. Tensions increased after the Russification policies were enacted in 1889, which saw the introduction of limited autonomy and the reduction of Finnish cultural expression. The unrest in Russia and Finland during the First World War and the subsequent collapse of the Russian Empire resulted in the Finnish Declaration of Independence and the end of the Grand Principality.", "Q3850479": "Mary Katherine Goddard (June 16, 1738 \u2013 August 12, 1816) was an early American publisher, and the postmaster of the Baltimore Post Office from 1775 to 1789. She was the second printer to print the Declaration of Independence. Her copy, the Goddard Broadside, was commissioned by Congress in 1777, and was the first to include the names of the signatories.In 1998, Goddard was inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q23109": "Norfolk () is a county in East Anglia in England. It borders Lincolnshire to the northwest, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest, and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea and to the north-west, The Wash. The county town is Norwich.\nWith an area of 2,074 square miles (5,370 km2) and a population of 859,400, Norfolk is a largely rural county with a population density of 401 per square mile (155 per km2). Of the county's population, 40% live in four major built up areas: Norwich (213,000), Great Yarmouth (63,000), King's Lynn (46,000) and Thetford (25,000).The Broads is a network of rivers and lakes in the east of the county, extending south into Suffolk. The area is not a national park although it is marketed as such. It has similar status to a national park, and is protected by the Broads Authority.", "Q262665": "Reema Lamba (born 24 October 1976), better known as Mallika Sherawat, is an Indian actress who predominantly works in Hindi language films. Known for her bold onscreen attitude in films like Khwahish (2003) and Murder (2004), Sherawat has established herself as a sex symbol and as one of the most popular celebrities in Bollywood. She then appeared in successful romantic comedy Pyaar Ke Side Effects (2006) which won her much critical acclaim.Since then, she has appeared in successes like Aap Ka Suroor, Welcome (both 2007) \u2014 her biggest commercial success so far \u2014 and Double Dhamaal (2011). She is one of the few Bollywood stars trying to cross over to Hollywood, with films like Hisss (2010) and Politics of Love (2011).", "Q337658": "Christopher McQuarrie (born October 25, 1968) is an American screenwriter, film director and producer. He received the BAFTA Award, Independent Spirit Award, and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the neo-noir mystery film The Usual Suspects (1995).\nMcQuarrie made his directorial debut with the crime thriller film The Way of the Gun (2000). He is a frequent collaborator with Tom Cruise, having written and directed the action films Jack Reacher (2012), Mission: Impossible \u2013 Rogue Nation (2015), and Mission: Impossible \u2013 Fallout (2018). He was also part of the writing team on the films Valkyrie (2008), Edge of Tomorrow (2014), The Mummy (2017), and Top Gun: Maverick (2020).", "Q232052": "Asia Argento (Italian: [\u02c8a\u02d0zja ar\u02c8d\u0292ento]; born Aria Maria Vittoria Rossa Argento, 20 September, 1975) is an Italian actress and director. The daughter of filmmaker Dario Argento, she had roles in the films XXX (2002), Land of the Dead (2005) and Marie Antoinette (2006). She has won two David di Donatello awards for Best Actress for Let's Not Keep in Touch (1994) and Traveling Companion (1996).After the Weinstein scandal in 2017, she became a leader of the \"#MeToo\" women's rights movement. In August 2018, The New York Times detailed allegations that Argento sexually assaulted actor Jimmy Bennett in 2013 when he was 17 and she was 37; Argento denied the allegations.", "Q52928": "Charles XIII, or Carl XIII, (Swedish: Karl XIII, 7 October 1748 \u2013 5 February 1818), was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway from 1814 to his death. He was the second son of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great.Though known as King Charles XIII in Sweden, he was actually the seventh Swedish king by that name, as Charles IX (reigned 1604\u20131611) had adopted his numeral after studying a fictitious history of Sweden.", "Q715168": "Arturo Caprotti (22 March 1881 \u2013 9 February 1938) was an Italian engineer and architect. In 1915 or 1916 he invented the Caprotti valve gear rotary cam poppet valve gear for steam engines of all kinds, but in practice it was employed almost exclusively in railway locomotives.", "Q461137": "Taxi zum Klo is a 1981 film written by, directed by, and starring Frank Ripploh. The film is a dark comedy of manners that wryly explores the life of a Berlin school teacher and the contrasts between his public and private lives. It was sexually explicit for general audiences of the day and for some time afterwards. So, for example, the film was not passed uncut by the British Board of Film Classification until 2011, though it was widely shown in club cinemas. Taxi zum Klo was considered groundbreaking for its subject matter and achieved a cult status among audiences of the time.\nShot on location with many characters appearing as themselves, the film documents gay culture in West Berlin in the brief moment post gay liberation and before the onset of AIDS, around 1980. Ripploh has stated that much of the film was autobiographical. The name literally means Taxi to the Toilet (or \"Cab to the Cottage\", etc.), that being a place for casual gay sex.\n\n", "Q107737": "Vera Lengsfeld (Sondershausen, East Germany, 4 May 1952) is a German politician. She was a prominent civil rights activist in East Germany and after the German reunification she first represented the Alliance '90/The Greens and then the German Christian Democratic Union (CDU) in the Bundestag.\n\n", "Q3124586": "Peter Maurice Wright CBE (9 August 1916 \u2013 27 April 1995) was a principal scientific officer for MI5, the British counter-intelligence agency. His book Spycatcher, written with Paul Greengrass, became an international bestseller with sales of over two million copies. Spycatcher was part memoir, part expos\u00e9 of what Wright claimed were serious institutional failings in MI5 and his subsequent investigations into those. He is said to have been influenced in his counterespionage activity by James Jesus Angleton, the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) counterintelligence chief from 1954 to 1975.", "Q195255": "Justin Scott Hartley (born January 29, 1977) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles that include Fox Crane on the NBC daytime soap opera Passions (2002\u20132006), Oliver Queen/Green Arrow on The CW television series Smallville (2006\u20132011), and Adam Newman on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless (2014\u20132016) which earned him an Emmy nomination. Hartley appeared in the recurring role of Patrick Osbourne in the third season of the television series Revenge. Since 2016, he has starred in the NBC drama series This Is Us, for which he was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series.", "Q538730": "Domingo El\u00edas Carbajo (July 19, 1805, Ica, Peru \u2013 July 3, 1867, Lima, Peru) served as Interim President of Peru (Self-proclaimed President) for a brief period between June and August 1844.\nHe assumed the Presidency of Peru during an epoch of civil war, which divided Peru between the followers of Ram\u00f3n Castilla's government and those of Domingo El\u00edas Carbajo.\nAfter completing his elementary studies, he travelled to Madrid and Paris to continue his education. He returned in 1825 and made a living from agriculture in the Ica Region, where he started a large cultivation of cotton and wine. This epoch coincided with the arrival of Chinese coolies to replace the declining work of African slaves in 1849.\nAfter the defeat of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation during the decade of the 1840s, anarchy in Peru became rampant. In 1843, during the government of Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco, El\u00edas was named prefect of Lima. When Vivanco headed to southern Peru to confront the constitutionalist movement of Ramon Castilla, El\u00edas was assigned the governorship of the northern Peruvian provinces. The internal Peruvian conflict was still undecided between the military factions of the country: Vivanco's and Echenique's against Castilla's and San Rom\u00e1n's .\nDuring this traumatic and polarizing period of Peruvian history, writes the Peruvian historian Jorge Basadre Grohmann, the \"civil El\u00edas\" decided to convert himself into the leader of the tiredness of the country upon the \"ever-lasting internal war\". El\u00edas declared himself the \"Political and Military chief\" of Peru on July 17, 1844.\nWhen Echenique's forces threatened to return to the capital, El\u00edas declared the Lima Province in state of assembly, which meant the total suspension of labor and readiness of his able followers to take arms. The public employees, schools, and businesses formed regiments. All of Lima and even guarding members of the provinces of Pisco, Ica, and Callao \nprepared to confront Echenique who, in the end and to everyone's astonishment, never arrived. This history week became known in Peru as the \"Magna Week.\"\nSoon after, El\u00edas ended his government upon the triumph of Castilla over Vivanco.\nEl\u00edas occupied various public posts such as minister, deputy of Ica (1845) and even a candidate for the Presidency of Peru in the controversial elections of 1851, when he was defeated by Echenique. During the latter's government, he fought rampant corruption and above all an internal debt through his famous letters against the government. For these actions El\u00edas was exiled to Guayaquil, Ecuador.\nEl\u00edas did not cease in his actions to reach the government and returned to Peru through Tumbes to launch an unsuccessful coup d'\u00e9tat. He tried again from his native Ica but was again defeated in Soraja (1854). Finally, with the success of Castilla, he was named Hacienda Minister and later ambassador to France. He returned to Peru in 1858 to launch an unsuccessful presidential campaign. Thereafter El\u00edas retired from politics and made a living from commercial and agricultural activities.\nEl\u00edas was involved in guano mining on Chincha Islands and importing of Chinese workers from Fujian.He died in Lima in 1867.", "Q455292": "Lana Michelle Moorer (born October 11, 1970), known professionally as MC Lyte, is an American rapper who first gained fame in the late 1980s, becoming the first solo female rapper to release a full album with 1988's critically acclaimed Lyte as a Rock. In her artistic career she published a total of 8 studio albums (Legend of 2015 the last one to date), obtaining a Soul Train Award and two Grammys nominations .", "Q57688": "Josef Kramer (10 November 1906 \u2013 13 December 1945) was the Commandant of Auschwitz-Birkenau (from 8 May 1944 to 25 November 1944) and of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (from December 1944 to its liberation, April 15, 1945). Dubbed The Beast of Belsen by camp inmates, he was a German Nazi war criminal, directly responsible for the deaths of thousands of people. He was detained by the British Army after the Second World War, convicted of war crimes and hanged on the gallows in the prison at Hamelin by British executioner Albert Pierrepoint.", "Q174901": "The Diary of Miss Idilia: A Tragic Tale of Young Love Lost is a book edited by Genevieve Hill. It presents itself to be the original diary of a young girl who disappeared whilst on holiday with her parents in the German Rhineland in 1851. \nFirst published under the title Das verschwundene M\u00e4dchen : die Aufzeichnungen der Idilia Dubb (The missing girl: the records of Idilia Dubb) by Bertelsmann in M\u00fcnchen in 2002, the diary was later translated into Dutch by Mistral in 2009, and published in English by Short Books in 2010. \nThe authenticity of the diary and the historicity of the events described in it have been challenged.", "Q187651": "Strange Wilderness is a 2008 American comedy-adventure film produced by Adam Sandler's production company, Happy Madison Productions for Paramount Pictures, and starring Steve Zahn, Allen Covert, Justin Long, Kevin Heffernan, and Jonah Hill. The film received negative reviews and was a box office bomb, making less than $7 million against a $20 million budget.", "Q953": "Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia (Tonga: Cisi ca Zambia; Nyanja: Dziko la Zambia) is a landlocked country in Southern-Central Africa (although some sources consider it part of East Africa). Its neighbours are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique to the southeast, Zimbabwe and Botswana to the south, Namibia to the southwest, and Angola to the west. The capital city is Lusaka, located in the south-central part of Zambia. The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the northwest, the core economic hubs of the country.\nOriginally inhabited by Khoisan peoples, the region was affected by the Bantu expansion of the thirteenth century. Following European explorers in the eighteenth century, the British colonised the region into the British protectorates of Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia towards the end of the nineteenth century. These were merged in 1911 to form Northern Rhodesia. For most of the colonial period, Zambia was governed by an administration appointed from London with the advice of the British South Africa Company.\nOn 24 October 1964, Zambia became independent of the United Kingdom and prime minister Kenneth Kaunda became the inaugural president. Kaunda's socialist United National Independence Party (UNIP) maintained power from 1964 until 1991. Kaunda played a key role in regional diplomacy, cooperating closely with the United States in search of solutions to conflicts in Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), Angola, and Namibia. From 1972 to 1991 Zambia was a one-party state with the UNIP as the sole legal political party under the motto \"One Zambia, One Nation\". Kaunda was succeeded by Frederick Chiluba of the social-democratic Movement for Multi-Party Democracy in 1991, beginning a period of social-economic growth and government decentralisation. Levy Mwanawasa, Chiluba's chosen successor, presided over Zambia from January 2002 until his death in August 2008, and is credited with campaigns to reduce corruption and increase the standard of living. After Mwanawasa's death, Rupiah Banda presided as Acting President before being elected President in 2008. Holding office for only three years, Banda stepped down after his defeat in the 2011 elections by Patriotic Front party leader Michael Sata. Sata died on 28 October 2014, making him the second Zambian president to die in office. Guy Scott served briefly as interim president until new elections were held on 20 January 2015, in which Edgar Lungu was elected as the sixth President.\nIn 2010, the World Bank named Zambia one of the world's fastest economically reformed countries. The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) is headquartered in Lusaka.", "Q238219": "Fiona May Iapichino (born 12 December 1969 in Slough, England) is a retired British-born Italian track and field athlete who competed in the long jump. She won the World Championships twice and two Olympic silver medals. Her personal best jump was 7.11 metres, which was her silver medal result at the 1998 European Championships.", "Q67993": "Bonfol is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. It was also home to one of the most hazardous waste landfills in all of Switzerland.", "Q729849": "Alan Arnold Griffith (13 June 1893 \u2013 13 October 1963) was the son of Victorian science fiction author George Griffith and an English engineer. Among many other contributions he is best known for his work on stress and fracture in metals that is now known as metal fatigue, as well as being one of the first to develop a strong theoretical basis for the jet engine. Griffith's advanced axial-flow turbojet engine designs, were integral in the creation of Britain's first operational axial-flow turbojet engine, the Metropolitan-Vickers F.2 which first ran successfully in 1941. Griffith however had little direct involvement in actually producing the engine, after he moved in 1939 from leading the engine department at the Royal Aircraft Establishment to start work at Rolls Royce.\n\n", "Q2958495": "Charles Baur (20 December 1929, Paris \u2013 2 January 2015) was a French politician. He served as the longtime President of the Regional Council of Picardy from 1976 until 1978 and again from 1985 to 2004. He was a member of the Union for French Democracy (UDF) and a founding member of the now defunct Social Democratic Party.Baur was born in Paris, France, on 20 December 1929. He served as the Mayor of Villers-Cotterets from 1954 to 1989.Charles Baur was first elected President of the Regional Council of Picardy in 1976. He held the office for two years, before ceding it to his successor, Max Lejeune, in 1978. He regained the Presidency of the Regional Council in 1985. Baur won re-election in 1986 and 1992. He won re-election again in 1998, thanks to an alliance with the National Front.He served as an MEP from December 1986 to 1989. In 1983, Baur was elected to the National Assembly of France representing Aisne's 2nd constituency as a member of the Union for French Democracy (UDF). He served as a deputy in the National Assembly from 28 March 1993 to 21 April 1997.Baur retired from politics and the Presidency of the Regional Council of Picardy in 2004. The former President of COMIR, a French holding company, his estimated net worth was believed to be 85 million Euros, according to Challenges magazine.Charles Baur died in Morocco on 2 January 2015, at the age of 85.", "Q85725": "Dagobert Biermann (13 November 1904 \u2014 22 February 1943) was a Communist and German resistance fighter against National Socialism. His son is German singer and former East German dissident Wolf Biermann.", "Q208331": "Olaf II Haraldsson (c. 995 \u2013 29 July 1030), later known as St. Olaf (and traditionally as St. Olave), was King of Norway from 1015 to 1028. Son of Harald Grenske, a petty king in Vestfold, Norway, he was posthumously given the title Rex Perpetuus Norvegiae (English: Eternal/Perpetual King of Norway) and canonised at Nidaros (Trondheim) by Bishop Grimkell, one year after his death in the Battle of Stiklestad on 29 July 1030. His remains were enshrined in Nidaros Cathedral, built over his burial site. His sainthood encouraged the widespread adoption of the Christian religion among the Vikings / Norsemen in Scandinavia.\nOlaf's local canonisation was in 1164 confirmed by Pope Alexander III, making him a universally recognised saint of the Roman Catholic Church. He became an equally important saint of the Eastern Orthodox Church (feast day 29 July) and one of the last famous saints before the Great Schism. Following the reformation he was a commemorated historical figure among some members of the Lutheran and Anglican Communions.The saga of Olav Haraldsson and the legend of Olaf the Saint became central to a national identity. Especially during the period of Romantic Nationalism, Olaf was a symbol of Norwegian independence and pride. Saint Olaf is symbolised by the axe in Norway's coat of arms and Olsok (29 July) is still his day of celebration. Many Christian institutions with Scandinavian links as well as Norway's Order of St. Olav are named after him.", "Q113971": "G\u00fcnther Jerschke (1921\u20131997) was a German actor.", "Q3616948": "Angelo Dalle Molle (4 November 1908 \u2013 2001) was an Italian businessman and Utopian philanthropist. In 1952 he invented and patented Cynar, a bitter aperitivo based on artichoke leaves, which became famous partly due to advertisements with Ernesto Calindri and the slogan \"contro il logorio della vita moderna\", \"against the stress of modern life\".", "Q67978": "Rocourt is a former municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018 the former municipality of Rocourt merged into the municipality of Haute-Ajoie.", "Q1479582": "The University of Arts in Belgrade (Serbian: \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443 \u0411\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443, romanized: Univerzitet umetnosti u Beogradu) is a public university in Serbia. It was founded in 1957 as the Academy of Arts to unite four academies. It became a university and acquired its current name in 1973.", "Q313705": "Jason Francesco Schwartzman (born June 26, 1980) is an American actor, screenwriter, executive producer, and musician. He is known for his frequent collaborations with Wes Anderson, such as Rushmore (1998), The Darjeeling Limited (2007), Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009), Moonrise Kingdom (2012), The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014), and Isle of Dogs (2018). He also starred in other films, such as Slackers (2002), Spun (2003), I Heart Huckabees (2004), Shopgirl (2005), Marie Antoinette (2006), Funny People (2009), Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010), Saving Mr. Banks (2013) and Klaus (2019).\nIn addition to his film work, Schwartzman was the star of the HBO series Bored to Death (2009\u20132011), in which he played a writer who moonlights as an unlicensed private detective by advertising himself on Craigslist. He currently releases music through his solo project Coconut Records, and was formerly the drummer of rock band Phantom Planet.", "Q442705": "Louis M\u00e9karski (in Polish Ludwik M\u0119karski) (1843, Clermont-Ferrand, France \u2013 1923) was a French engineer and inventor of Polish origin. In the 1870s he invented the so-called Mekarski system of compressed-air powered trams which was used in several cities of France and USA as alternative to horse-powered and steam-powered trams.", "Q861227": "Christopher Stein (born January 5, 1950) is the co-founder and guitarist of the new wave band Blondie. He is also a producer and performer for the classic soundtrack of the hip hop film, Wild Style, and writer of the soundtrack for the film Union City. He is also an accomplished photographer.", "Q57663": "Andrius Kubilius (born 8 December 1956) is a Lithuanian politician and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP). He served as Prime Minister of Lithuania from 1999 to 2000 and again from 2008 to 2012. He was leader of the conservative political party Homeland Union \u2013 Lithuanian Christian Democrats. \n\n", "Q78680": "Victor David Gruen, born Viktor David Gr\u00fcnbaum (July 18, 1903 \u2013 February 14, 1980), was an Austrian-born architect best known as a pioneer in the design of shopping malls in the United States. He is also noted for his urban revitalization proposals, described in his writings and applied in master plans such as for Fort Worth, Texas (1955), Kalamazoo, Michigan (1958) and Fresno, California (1965). An advocate of prioritizing pedestrians over cars in urban cores, he was also the designer of the first outdoor pedestrian mall in the United States, the Kalamazoo Mall.", "Q172343": "Rafah (Arabic: \u0631\u0641\u062d\u200e \u2013 Rafa\u1e25) is a Palestinian city and refugee camp in the southern Gaza Strip. It is the district capital of the Rafah Governorate, located 30 kilometers (19 mi) south of Gaza City. Rafah's population of 152,950 (2014) is overwhelmingly made up of Palestinian refugees. Rafah camp and Tall as-Sultan camp form separate localities.\nWhen Israel withdrew from the Sinai in 1982, Rafah was split into a Gazan part and an Egyptian part, dividing families, separated by barbed-wire barriers. The core of the city was destroyed by Israel and Egypt to create a large buffer zone.\nRafah is the site of the Rafah Border Crossing, the sole crossing point between Egypt and the State of Palestine. Gaza's only airport, Yasser Arafat International Airport, was located just south of the city. The airport operated from 1998 to 2001, until it was bombed and bulldozed by the Israeli military (IDF) after the killing of Israeli soldiers by members of Hamas.", "Q260099": "Jane Powell (born Suzanne Lorraine Burce; April 1, 1929) is an American singer, dancer and actress who rose to fame in the mid-1940s with roles in various Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer musicals.\nPowell was born and raised in Portland, Oregon, where she achieved local fame as a singer, touring the state as the Oregon Victory Girl selling victory bonds. As a teenager, she relocated to Los Angeles, California, where she signed a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Powell's vocal, dancing, and acting talents were utilized for lead and supporting roles in musicals such as A Date with Judy (1948, with friend Elizabeth Taylor), Royal Wedding (1951, with Fred Astaire), Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954, with Howard Keel) and Hit the Deck (1955).\nBy the late 1950s, her film career slowed, leading her to transition to theatre with performances in various touring shows as well as two Broadway productions. In 1985, Powell relocated with her fifth husband, former child star Dickie Moore (who died in 2015), to New York City and Wilton, Connecticut, where she is occasionally active in local theatre.", "Q59896": "Erika Leonard (n\u00e9e Mitchell; born 7 March 1963), known by her pen name E. L. James, is a British author. She wrote the bestselling erotic romance trilogy Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker, and Fifty Shades Freed, along with the companion novels Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian and Darker: Fifty Shades Darker as Told by Christian. Prior to this, she wrote the Twilight fan fiction \"Master of the Universe\" that served the basis for the Fifty Shades trilogy under the web name Snowqueen's Icedragon. In 2019 her first book to not be a part of the Fifty Shades trilogy, The Mister, was published, to negative critical reception.The Fifty Shades novels have sold over 125 million copies worldwide, over 35 million copies in the United States and set the record in the United Kingdom as the fastest selling paperback of all time. In 2012, Time magazine named her one of \"The World's 100 Most Influential People.\" The novels were subsequently adapted into the films Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker, and Fifty Shades Freed.", "Q760": "Saint Lucia (UK: (listen), US: (listen); French: Sainte-Lucie) is a sovereign island country in the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. The island was previously called Iyonola, the name given to the island by the native Amerindians and later, Hewanorra, the name given by the native Caribs. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 617 km2 (238 square miles) and reported a population of 165,595 in the 2010 census. Its capital is Castries.\nThe French were the island's first European settlers. They signed a treaty with the native Island Caribs in 1660. England took control of the island from 1663 to 1667. In ensuing years, it was at war with France fourteen times, and the rule of the island changed frequently (it was ruled seven times each by the French and British). In 1814, the British took definitive control of the island. Because it switched so often between British and French control, Saint Lucia was also known as the \"Helen of the West Indies\" after the Greek mythological character, Helen of Troy.\nRepresentative government came about in 1840 (universal suffrage was established in 1953). From 1958 to 1962, the island was a member of the West Indies Federation. On 22 February 1979, Saint Lucia became an independent state and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Saint Lucia is a mixed jurisdiction, meaning that it has a legal system based in part on both the civil law and English common law. The Civil Code of St. Lucia of 1867 was based on the Quebec Civil Code of 1866, as supplemented by English common law-style legislation. It is also a member of Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.", "Q93147": "Edward Joseph McCluskey (October 16, 1929 \u2013 February 13, 2016) was a Professor at Stanford University. He was a pioneer in the field of Electrical Engineering.", "Q355988": "Fanfan la Tulipe is a 2003 French comedy adventure film directed by G\u00e9rard Krawczyk and starring Vincent Perez and Pen\u00e9lope Cruz. It was screened out of competition at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival. It is a remake of the 1952 film Fanfan la Tulipe.", "Q120363": "Pierre Graber (6 December 1908 \u2013 19 July 2003) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1970\u20131978).\nHe was born in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland and after studying law in Neuch\u00e2tel and Vienna he became attorney-at-law in Lausanne. Active in the Social Democratic Party, he was in the municipal parliament of Lausanne (1934\u20131946), member of the parliament of the canton of Vaud (1937\u20131946), mayor of Lausanne (1946\u20131949), member of the National Council (1942\u20131969, except 1963), he was the Speaker of that Assembly from 1965/66, he sat in the Foreign affairs committee and was deputy chairman of the enquiry parliamentary committee dealing with the Mirage affair. He was also a member of the government of the canton of Vaud (1962\u20131970) in charge of the Finance Department. He served as one of the four members of the Commission to resolve the problem of the Jura.\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 10 December 1969. During his time in office, he headed the Political Department, i.e. ministry of foreign affairs. Graber was President of the Confederation in 1975 and handed over office on 31 January 1978. During his term of office, a new law for Cooperation Development was adopted. On 1 August 1975, he signed the Helsinki Final Act of the CSCE on behalf of Switzerland. He obtained the ratification by Parliament of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1974. As president of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, he laid the first stone of the Palace of Europe in Strasbourg on 15 May 1972. At his initiative, Switzerland recognized North Vietnam and North Korea. Graber presided over the diplomatic conference that led to the adoption of the additional protocols to the Geneva Conventions in 1977. He faced the first terrorist attack on a Swissair plane in Zarqa, Jordan in 1970. After retiring, he gave his opinion on major occasions including Switzerland's unsuccessful attempt to join the United Nations in 1986.\nGraber died in Lausanne in 2003.", "Q297377": "Sextus Julius Frontinus (c. 40 \u2013 103 AD) was a prominent Roman civil engineer, author, soldier and senator of the late 1st century AD. He was a successful general under Domitian, commanding forces in Roman Britain, and on the Rhine and Danube frontiers. A novus homo, he was consul three times. Frontinus ably discharged several important administrative duties for Nerva and Trajan. However, he is best known to the post-Classical world as an author of technical treatises, especially De aquaeductu, dealing with the aqueducts of Rome.", "Q1345752": "Clifford Joseph Trahan (September 25, 1938 \u2013 September 3, 2016), best known as Johnny Rebel and Pee Wee Trahan, was an American singer, songwriter, and musician known for having songs related to white supremacy. Trahan used the Johnny Rebel name for a series of recordings for J. D. \"Jay\" Miller's Reb Rebel label in the 1960s in response to the civil rights movement. The 12 songs exhibit racial hatred marketed as \"subtle, rib-tickling satire\". The songs frequently used the racial slur \"nigger\" and often voiced sympathy for racial segregation, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Confederate States of America.\nIn a 2003 interview, Trahan claimed that he \"just did it for the money\" and that he \"didn't set out to spread hate or start trouble\". He said \"At that time, there was a lot of resentment \u2013 whites toward blacks and blacks toward whites. So, everybody had their own feelings. Lots of people changed their feelings over the years. I basically changed my feelings over the years up to a point.\"", "Q87132": "Gisbert Johann Eduard Kapp (2 September 1852, Mauer, Vienna \u2013 10 August 1922, Birmingham) was an Austrian-English electrical engineer.\nHis parents were an Austrian counselor Gisbert Kapp and Luisa Kapp-Young. After finishing his studies in Austria, Kapp moved to England where he was naturalized in 1881. He was awarded a Telford Medal in 1885/6. In 1904 he was offered the position as the first Chair of Electrical Engineering at the University of Birmingham, a post he held until 1919. In 1909 he was elected the president of the Institution of Electrical Engineers.Kapp developed the basis for the calculation and construction of alternating current, dynamos and the transformer. The Electronic, Electrical & Systems Engineering Department at the University of Birmingham is situated in a building named after him.", "Q91988": "Sebastian Krumbiegel (born 5 June 1966) is a German singer and musician. He is a member of the band Die Prinzen.Born in Leipzig, from 1976 to 1985 Krumbiegel attended the Thomasschule zu Leipzig where he took the Abitur examination in 1985. In 1981 he founded the rockband \"Phoenix\" together with his classmate Wolfgang Lenk.\nWhilst serving in the NVA (1985\u20131987) Krumbiegel was the singer of the band \"Rockpol\". Between 1987 and 1991 Krumbiegel attended Musikhochschule Leipzig (Leipzig music conservatory). During this time he founded the band called \"Die Herzbuben\". Members were Wolfgang Lenk, Jens Sembdner and Henri Schmidt. Tobias K\u00fcnzel joined the band in 1991. It was at this time that they changed the name of the band, calling themselves \"Die Prinzen\".\nIn 1998 Krumbiegel founded the \"Club Geheimrat\" and released his first solo CD called \"Krumbiegel - Kamma mache nix\". In 2004 Krumbiegel's second solo album \"Geradeaus abgebogen\" was released. In 2005 Krumbiegel played the part of Axel in the film \"Max und Moritz Reloaded\".\nKrumbiegel is currently patron of the Ronald McDonald House in Leipzig. His brother is tenor and musicologist Martin Krumbiegel.", "Q25593": "Ulrich Kiesow was one of the co-founders of Fantasy Productions (FanPro) in 1983, together with Werner Fuchs and Hans Joachim Alpers. He was the translator of the first German language editions for both Tunnels & Trolls, which was the first German language RPG rule book, and Dungeons & Dragons.Most importantly, Kiesow was the creator of the pen and paper role-playing game The Dark Eye and its accompanying universe. Besides contributing to many publications regarding this game, Kiesow used the pseudonym Andreas Blumenkamp to write satirical articles for the now defunct German roleplaying game magazine Wunderwelten that was produced by FanPro.Kiesow suffered a severe heart attack in August 1995. While recovering he began to write the Dark Eye novel Das zerbrochene Rad (The broken wheel, a symbol for death in the universe of The Dark Eye). The novel had just been completed when Kiesow died of heart failure in his home on January 30, 1997.", "Q215406": "Friedrich Kapp (13 April 1824 \u2013 27 October 1884) was a German-American lawyer, writer, and politician. He was an outspoken opponent of Germany's colonization fervor during his time as a National Liberal Reichstag deputy. This was exemplified in his speech to the annual Congress of German Economists. Kapp stressed both the unprofitability of colonies and their negative impact on Anglo-German relations.", "Q98012": "Franziska Christiane Johanna Friederike \"Fanny\" Tarnow (17 December 1779, G\u00fcstrow \u2013 4 July 1862, Dessau) was a German author. She wrote under the names Fanny Tarnow and F.T.", "Q14996": "Paul Guillaume, Viscount van Zeeland (11 November 1893 \u2013 22 September 1973) was a Belgian lawyer, economist, Catholic politician, and statesman born in Soignies.\nVan Zeeland was a professor of law and later director of the Institute of Economic Science at the Catholic University of Leuven (Leuven), and vice-governor of the National Bank of Belgium.\nIn March 1935, he became the prime minister of a government of national unity (a coalition comprising the three major parties: Catholics, Liberals and Socialists). Given decree powers, he was able to abate the economic crisis the country was going through, by devaluing the currency and resorting to expansive budgetary policies.\nVan Zeeland's government resigned in the spring of 1936 due to the agitation of Rexism (a Belgian fascist party), but he was able to start a new term (June 1936 \u2013 November 1937). After proclaiming martial law, the government was able to suppress the Rexists.\nThe second Van Zeeland government carried through a progressive social reform programme, introducing the 40 h working week and measures against unemployment, which helped to ease the political tensions. Also during his second term, Belgium gave up its military alliance with France and reverted to its traditional \"neutrality\" policy, now dubbed \"policy of independence\".\nIn 1939, Van Zeeland became president of the Committee on Refugees, established in London, and was made High Commissioner for the repatriation of displaced Belgians in 1944. In 1946, he was one of the founders of the European League for Economic Cooperation.\nAfter the war, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in several Catholic governments between 1949 and 1954 and as economic advisor to the Belgian government and to the council of ministers of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. He was Honorary Secretary General of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group.In 2013, he was found out to have started a Panamanian offshore company to the consternation of his family.", "Q712834": "Richard Reinhardt (born August 11, 1957) is an American drummer best known by his stage name Richie Ramone, and for being the drummer for the punk band the Ramones, from February 1983 until August 1987. He was the only Ramones drummer to be credited as the sole composer and writer of six Ramones songs, and as of 2020, he is one of the four surviving members of the band (the others being Marky Ramone, Elvis Ramone, and C.J. Ramone).", "Q13021": "Vinayak Narahari \"Vinoba\" Bhave (pronunciation ; 11 September 1895 \u2013 15 November 1982) was an Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights. Often called Acharya (Sanskrit for teacher), he is best known for the Bhoodan Movement. He is considered as a National Teacher of India and the spiritual successor of Mohandas Gandhi. The Gita has also been translated into Marathi language by him with the name as Geetai means mother Geeta.", "Q129421": "The University of California, Davis (UC Davis), is a public research university and land-grant university adjacent to Davis, California. It is part of the University of California system and has the third-largest enrollment in the system after UCLA and UC Berkeley. The institution was founded as a branch in 1905 and became its own separate entity in 1959. It has been labeled one of the \"Public Ivies\", a publicly funded university considered to provide a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League.The university is classified as a comprehensive doctoral research university with a medical program, and very high research activity. The UC Davis faculty includes 23 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 30 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 17 members of the American Law Institute, 14 members of the Institute of Medicine, and 14 members of the National Academy of Engineering. Among other honors, university faculty, alumni, and researchers have won the Nobel Peace Prize, Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize, MacArthur Fellowship, National Medal of Science, Blue Planet Prize, Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, and World Food Prize.Founded as primarily an agricultural campus, the university has expanded over the past century to include graduate and professional programs in medicine (which includes the UC Davis Medical Center), law, veterinary medicine, education, nursing, and business management, in addition to 90 research programs offered by UC Davis Graduate Studies. The UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine is the largest in the United States and has been ranked first in the world for five consecutive years (2015\u201319). UC Davis offers certificates and courses, including online classes, for adults and non-traditional learners through its Division of Continuing and Professional Education.The UC Davis Aggies athletic teams compete in the NCAA Division I level, primarily in the Big West Conference as well as the Big Sky Conference (football only) and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. In its first year of full Division I status, 11 UC Davis teams qualified for NCAA post-season competition.", "Q203264": "Dr. Pavel Aleksandrovich Solovyov (Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0451\u0432; June 26, 1917 \u2013 October 13, 1996) was a Russian engineer born in Alekino in Kineshemsky District of Ivanovo Oblast. He specialised in the design of aircraft engines.\nFollowing the evacuation of the Rybinsk Aviation Institute in 1940, he went to work in Perm, where in 1953 he was made the head of his own design bureau - OKB-19 (now part of Aviadvigatel).\nHis many awards and decorations included the Lenin Prize (1978), the USSR State Prize (1968), the title Hero of Socialist Labor (1966), four Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Red Star and the Medal \"For Labour Valour\". He was made deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR three times. A street in Perm was named after him, a monument to him was built in Rybinsk.\nHe died in Perm.", "Q45267": "Jura Soyfer (December 8, 1912, Kharkov, Russian Empire \u2013 February 15/16, 1939, Buchenwald concentration camp, Germany) was an Austrian political journalist and cabaret writer.", "Q167028": "David Clive Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn, (Chinese: \u885b\u5955\u4fe1, born 14 February 1935) is a retired Scottish administrator, diplomat and Sinologist. Lord Wilson of Tillyorn was the penultimate Commander-in-Chief and 27th Governor of Hong Kong (from 1987 to 1992). He served as Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, the British Monarch's representative to the Assembly, in 2010 and 2011.\nHe sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher.", "Q296069": "Alexander Murray Palmer Haley (August 11, 1921 \u2013 February 10, 1992) was an American writer and the author of the 1976 book Roots: The Saga of an American Family. ABC adapted the book as a television miniseries of the same name and aired it in 1977 to a record-breaking audience of 130 million viewers. In the United States, the book and miniseries raised the public awareness of black American history and inspired a broad interest in genealogy and family history.Haley's first book was The Autobiography of Malcolm X, published in 1965, a collaboration through numerous lengthy interviews with the subject, a black leader.He was working on a second family history novel at his death. Haley had requested that David Stevens, a screenwriter, complete it; the book was published as Queen: The Story of an American Family. It was adapted as a miniseries, Alex Haley's Queen, broadcast in 1993.", "Q141951": "Genrikh Samoilovich Lyushkov (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0440\u0438\u0445 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u044e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432; 1900 \u2013 20 August 1945) was an officer in the Soviet secret police and its highest-ranking defector. A high-ranking officer of the NKVD, he played a role in perpetrating Stalin's Great Purge. When, in 1938, he suspected he would soon fall victim to the purge, he fled to the Japanese. Thereafter, he acted as a major source of intelligence for Imperial Japan about the Soviet Union. At the end of World War II, he was killed by the Japanese in order to prevent him from falling back into Soviet hands.", "Q1270": "The Pennine Alps (German: Walliser Alpen, French: Alpes valaisannes, Italian: Alpi Pennine, Latin: Alpes Poeninae), also known as the Valais Alps, are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps. They are located in Switzerland (Valais) and Italy (Piedmont and the Aosta Valley).", "Q671363": "Cheikh Anta Diop University (French: Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop or UCAD), also known as the University of Dakar, is a university in Dakar, Senegal. It is named after the Senegalese physicist, historian and anthropologist Cheikh Anta Diop and has an enrollment of over 60,000.", "Q317563": "Sung Kang (Korean name: Kang Sung-Ho; \uac15\uc131\ud638; born April 8, 1972) is an American actor. He is best known for appearing in five films of the Fast & Furious franchise as Han Lue, a character he first portrayed in Better Luck Tomorrow (2002).", "Q512640": "Rastede (Low German: Raast\u00e4e/Raas) is a municipality in the Ammerland district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 12 km north of Oldenburg. It is the site of the Schloss Rastede.\nThe Rastede railway station is located at the Oldenburg\u2013Wilhelmshaven railway.", "Q2914853": "Hazret Medzhidovich Sovmen (Adyghe: \u0428\u044a\u044d\u0443\u043c\u044d\u043d \u0425\u044c\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044d\u0442 \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0434\u044d \u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e\u0440 [\u0282awman \u0127a\u02d0zrat]; Russian: \u0425\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0442 \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u043d; born 1 May 1937) was the second president of the Republic of Adygea, Russia, having succeeded Aslan Dzharimov at the post. Sovmen is a university professor from Maykop. Before becoming President, Hazret Sovmen had been a successful businessman (with links to Russian entrepreneurs in Siberia), having started off as a bulldozer driver in a gold mine in Chukotka. He is the founder of Polyus Gold, Russia's leading gold-mining company.", "Q242238": "Bobbi Starr (born April 6, 1983) is an American former pornographic actress. Starr also became a director for Evil Angel. Her directorial debut was Bobbi's World, a female POV movie.", "Q351250": "Vicente Salias (March 23, 1776 \u2013 September 17, 1814) was a Venezuelan doctor, journalist, and writer who wrote Venezuela's \"Gloria al Bravo Pueblo\" \"Glory to the Brave People.\" national anthem. Born in Puerto Cabello, Carabobo on March 23, 1776.", "Q6279": "Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (; born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who served as the 47th vice president of the United States from 2009 to 2017 and represented Delaware in the U.S. Senate from 1973 to 2009. A member of the Democratic Party, Biden is the presumptive Democratic nominee for president in the 2020 election. He unsuccessfully sought the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988 and in 2008. \nBiden was raised in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and New Castle County, Delaware. He studied at the University of Delaware before receiving his law degree from Syracuse University. He became a lawyer in 1969 and was elected to the New Castle County Council in 1970. He was elected to the U.S. Senate from Delaware in 1972 when he became the sixth-youngest senator in American history. Biden was reelected six times and was the fourth-most senior senator when he resigned to assume the vice presidency in 2009.\nAs a senator, Biden was a longtime member and eventually chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee. He opposed the Gulf War in 1991 but advocated for U.S. and NATO intervention in the Bosnian War in 1994 and 1995, expanding NATO in the 1990s, and the 1999 bombing of Serbia during the Kosovo War. He argued and voted for the resolution authorizing the Iraq War in 2002 but opposed the surge of U.S. troops in 2007. He has also served as chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, dealing with issues related to drug policy, crime prevention, and civil liberties, as well as the contentious U.S. Supreme Court nominations of Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas. Biden led the efforts to pass the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and the Violence Against Women Act.\nIn 2008, Biden was the running mate of Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama. As vice president, he oversaw infrastructure spending to counteract the Great Recession and helped formulate U.S. policy toward Iraq through the withdrawal of U.S. troops in 2011. His negotiations with congressional Republicans helped the Obama administration pass legislation including the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010, which resolved a taxation deadlock; the Budget Control Act of 2011, which resolved that year's debt ceiling crisis; and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which addressed the impending fiscal cliff. Obama and Biden were reelected in 2012.\nIn October 2015, after months of speculation, Biden announced he would not seek the presidency in the 2016 election. In January 2017, Obama awarded Biden the Presidential Medal of Freedom with distinction. After completing his second term as vice president, Biden joined the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania, where he was named the Benjamin Franklin Professor of Presidential Practice. He announced his 2020 candidacy for president on April 25, 2019, joining a large field of Democratic candidates pursuing the party nomination. Despite poor showings in the first three state contests, Biden won the South Carolina primary decisively, and several center-left candidates dropped out of the race and endorsed him before Super Tuesday. Biden went on to win 18 of the next 26 contests. With the suspension of the campaign of Bernie Sanders on April 8, 2020, Biden became the Democratic Party's presumptive nominee for the presidential election.", "Q160021": "Miroslav Tyr\u0161 (born Friedrich Emanuel Tirsch, 17 September 1832 \u2013 8 August 1884) was a Czech art historian, sports organizer and together with Jind\u0159ich F\u00fcgner the cofounder of the Sokol movement.", "Q1251733": "Douglas Lars Fieger (August 20, 1952 \u2013 February 14, 2010) was an American singer\u2013songwriter\u2013musician. He was the rhythm guitarist and lead vocalist of the rock band The Knack. He co-wrote \"My Sharona\", the biggest hit song of 1979 in the U.S., with lead guitarist Berton Averre.", "Q96981": "Volker Hauff (born 9 August 1940) is a German politician of the SPD.", "Q87654": "Ignaz Kiechle (23 February 1930 in Kempten im Allg\u00e4u, Bavaria \u2013 2 December 2003 in Kempten) was a German politician of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nAfter the 1983 West German federal election, chancellor Helmut Kohl appointed him to 'Minister of Food, Agriculture, and Forestry' (Second Kohl cabinet). After the 1987 election, he had the same position in the Third Kohl cabinet and then, after the German reunification, in the Fourth Kohl cabinet. In January 1993, he left the cabinet because of poor health; Jochen Borchert (CDU) became his successor.\nFrom 1969 to 1994 Kiechle was a member of the Bundestag (German Parliament). \nFrom 1959 until 1968 he was a farmer leading the farm of his parents.\nKiechle and his wife C\u00e4cilia had four children. Their son Thomas (* 1967) became mayor of Kempten in 2014.", "Q3138622": "Hitachi Rivale (\u65e5\u7acb\u30ea\u30f4\u30a1\u30fc\u30ec, Hitachi Rivu\u0101re) is a women's volleyball team based in Hitachinaka\n\ncity, Ibaraki, Japan. It plays in V.League 1. The owner is Hitachi Automotive Systems.", "Q28909": "Mykolas Sle\u017eevi\u010dius (21 February 1882 \u2013 11 November 1939) was a Lithuanian lawyer, political and cultural figure, and journalist. One of the most influential figures in inter-war Lithuania, he served as the prime minister of Lithuania on three occasions. Taking the helm of the government at a difficult time in 1918 and again in 1919, Sle\u017eevi\u010dius has been credited with preparing Lithuania for the fights to come and for laying the foundations of the fledgling state.\nSle\u017eevi\u010dius was elected to the Lithuanian parliament, initially the Constituent Assembly, later the Seimas, on four occasions. In 1926, as a representative of the Lithuanian Popular Peasants' Union, Sle\u017eevi\u010dius became the prime minister for a third time. His government introduced important changes aimed at normalizing the situation in Lithuania, but the reforms faced resistance from the Catholic clergy, military officers and the parliamentary opposition. The resistance culminated in a military coup d'\u00e9tat in December 1926, which brought to power the authoritarian rule of Antanas Smetona. Sle\u017eevi\u010dius continued participating in the activities of his party but never again regained his previous influence.", "Q4345832": "The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0301\u043a (\u0420\u0410\u041d) Ross\u00ediskaya akad\u00e9miya na\u00fak) consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals.\nHeadquartered in Moscow, the Academy (RAS) is considered a civil, self-governed, non-commercial organization chartered by the Government of Russia. It combines the members of RAS (see below) and scientists employed by institutions. Near the central academy building there is a monument to Yuri Gagarin in the square bearing his name.\nAs of November 2017, the Academy included 1008 institutions and other units; in total about 125,000 people were employed of whom 47,000 were scientific researchers.\n\n", "Q105875": "Herbert Jeffrey Hancock (born April 12, 1940) is an American pianist, keyboardist, bandleader, composer and actor. Hancock started his career with Donald Byrd. He shortly thereafter joined the Miles Davis Quintet, where he helped to redefine the role of a jazz rhythm section and was one of the primary architects of the post-bop sound. In the 1970s, Hancock experimented with jazz fusion, funk, and electro styles.\nHancock's best-known compositions include the jazz standards \"Cantaloupe Island\", \"Watermelon Man\", \"Maiden Voyage\", and \"Chameleon\", as well as the hit singles \"I Thought It Was You\" and \"Rockit\". His 2007 tribute album River: The Joni Letters won the 2008 Grammy Award for Album of the Year, only the second jazz album to win the award, after Getz/Gilberto in 1965.", "Q352981": "Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau (Dutch: Johan Friso Bernhard Christiaan David van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg; 25 September 1968 \u2013 12 August 2013) was a younger brother of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands. Prince Friso was a member of the Dutch Royal Family, but because of his marriage without an Act of Consent in 2004, he lost his membership of the Dutch Royal House and was no longer in the line of succession to the throne.\nOn 17 February 2012, Prince Friso was buried under an avalanche in Lech, Austria, while skiing off piste. He was taken to a hospital in Innsbruck, where he was in a critical but stable condition. According to his doctor, Wolfgang Koller, even though he was trapped for a relatively short time and hopes had originally been higher, subsequent neurological tests showed that after fifty minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in moderate hypothermia, he suffered massive brain damage due to oxygen shortage. His initial coma later progressed to a minimally conscious state, and it was unclear whether he would ever regain full consciousness. On 12 August 2013, one and a half years after the accident, Prince Friso died of complications.", "Q201315": "Francisco G\u00f3mez de Quevedo y Santib\u00e1\u00f1ez Villegas, KOS (Spanish pronunciation: [f\u027ean\u02c8\u03b8isko \u00f0e ke\u02c8\u03b2e\u00f0o]; 14 September 1580 \u2013 8 September 1645) was a Spanish nobleman, politician and writer of the Baroque era. Along with his lifelong rival, Luis de G\u00f3ngora, Quevedo was one of the most prominent Spanish poets of the age. His style is characterized by what was called conceptismo. This style existed in stark contrast to G\u00f3ngora's culteranismo.", "Q40479": "David Stephen Mitchell (born 12 January 1969) is an English novelist and screenwriter.\nHe has published seven novels, two of which, number9dream (2001) and Cloud Atlas (2004), were shortlisted for the Booker Prize. In 2012, Cloud Atlas was made into a film and in 2013 a short film, The Voorman Problem, was made from a scene of number9dream.", "Q31280": "Archbishop Damaskinos Papandreou (3 March 1891 \u2013 20 May 1949) was the archbishop of Athens and All Greece from 1941 until his death. He was also the regent of Greece between the pull-out of the German occupation force in 1944 and the return of King George II to Greece in 1946. His rule was between the liberation of Greece from the German occupation during World War II and the Greek Civil War.", "Q27": "Ireland (Irish: \u00c9ire [\u02c8e\u02d0\u027e\u02b2\u0259] (listen)), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na h\u00c9ireann), is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, which is located on the eastern side of the island. Around 40% of the country's population of 4.9 million people resides in the greater Dublin area. The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, St George's Channel to the south-east, and the Irish Sea to the east. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic. The legislature, the Oireachtas, consists of a lower house, D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann, an upper house, Seanad \u00c9ireann, and an elected President (Uachtar\u00e1n) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state, but with some important powers and duties. The head of government is the Taoiseach (Prime Minister, literally 'Chief', a title not used in English), who is elected by the D\u00e1il and appointed by the President; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers.\nThe state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty. It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted, in which the state was named \"Ireland\" and effectively became a republic, with an elected non-executive president as head of state. It was officially declared a republic in 1949, following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948. Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955. It joined the European Economic Community (EEC), the predecessor of the European Union, in 1973. The state had no formal relations with Northern Ireland for most of the twentieth century, but during the 1980s and 1990s the British and Irish governments worked with the Northern Ireland parties towards a resolution to \"the Troubles\". Since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, the Irish government and Northern Ireland Executive have co-operated on a number of policy areas under the North-South Ministerial Council created by the Agreement.\nIreland ranks among the top ten wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita, and as the tenth most prosperous country in the world according to The Legatum Prosperity Index 2015. After joining the EEC, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth. The country achieved considerable prosperity between the years of 1995 and 2007, which became known as the Celtic Tiger period. This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2008, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash. However, as the Irish economy was the fastest growing in the EU in 2015, Ireland is again quickly ascending league tables comparing wealth and prosperity internationally. For example, in 2019, Ireland was ranked third most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. It also performs well in several national performance metrics, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. Ireland is a member of the European Union and is a founding member of the Council of Europe and the OECD. The Irish government has followed a policy of military neutrality through non-alignment since immediately prior to World War II and the country is consequently not a member of NATO, although it is a member of Partnership for Peace and aspects of PESCO.", "Q1156782": "Nickelback is a Canadian rock band formed in 1995 in Hanna, Alberta, Canada. The band is composed of guitarist and lead vocalist Chad Kroeger, guitarist, keyboardist and backing vocalist Ryan Peake, bassist Mike Kroeger, and drummer Daniel Adair. The band went through several drummer changes between 1995 and 2005, achieving its current lineup when Adair replaced drummer Ryan Vikedal.\nNickelback is one of the most commercially successful Canadian rock bands, having sold more than 50 million albums worldwide. In 2009, Billboard ranked them the most successful rock group of that decade; their song \"How You Remind Me\" was listed as the best-selling rock song and the fourth best-selling song of the decade overall. They were listed number seven on the Billboard top artist of the decade, with four albums listed on the Billboard top albums of the decade.The band signed with Roadrunner Records in 1999 and re-released their once-independent album The State. The band achieved significant commercial success with this album, as well as with its follow-up, Silver Side Up, in 2001. Following the release of Silver Side Up the band released their biggest and most well-known hit today, \"How You Remind Me\", which peaked number 1 on both the Billboard and Canadian Singles Charts. The band's fourth album The Long Road, was released in 2003 and spawned five singles including Canadian number one \"Someday\", which also peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100. Afterwards, the band put out their biggest-selling album to date, All The Right Reasons (2005) which produced three top 10 singles and five top 20 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 including \"Photograph\", \"Far Away\", and \"Rockstar\". The band's album Dark Horse (2008) was another commercial success, producing eight singles, one of which peaked on the top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 and two of which peaked on the top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2011, the band released their seventh album Here and Now which again topped the charts. Their eighth studio album No Fixed Address was released on November 17, 2014, and their ninth studio album, Feed the Machine, was released on June 16, 2017.\nThe band is based in Vancouver, British Columbia. The band's original domestic signing was with EMI Canada, but they subsequently obtained an American deal with global distribution via Roadrunner Records. For the release of their seventh album, the band parted from EMI Canada and signed to Universal Music Canada.", "Q1439818": "Brian Easdale (10 August 1909 \u2013 30 October 1995) was an English composer of operatic, orchestral, choral and film music.", "Q191966": "Jerome Silberman (June 11, 1933 \u2013 August 29, 2016), known professionally as Gene Wilder, was an American actor, screenwriter, director, producer, singer-songwriter and author.\nWilder began his career on stage, and made his screen debut in an episode of the TV series The Play of the Week in 1961. Although his first film role was portraying a hostage in the 1967 motion picture Bonnie and Clyde, Wilder's first major role was as Leopold Bloom in the 1967 film The Producers for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. This was the first in a series of collaborations with writer/director Mel Brooks, including 1974's Blazing Saddles and Young Frankenstein, which Wilder co-wrote, garnering the pair an Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay. Wilder is known for his portrayal of Willy Wonka in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971) and for his four films with Richard Pryor: Silver Streak (1976), Stir Crazy (1980), See No Evil, Hear No Evil (1989), and Another You (1991). Wilder directed and wrote several of his own films, including The Woman in Red (1984).\nWith his third wife, Gilda Radner, he starred in three films, the last two of which he also directed. Her 1989 death from ovarian cancer led to his active involvement in promoting cancer awareness and treatment, helping found the Gilda Radner Ovarian Cancer Detection Center in Los Angeles and co-founding Gilda's Club.\nAfter his last acting performance in 2003 \u2013 a guest role on Will & Grace for which he received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor \u2013 Wilder turned his attention to writing. He produced a memoir in 2005, Kiss Me Like a Stranger: My Search for Love and Art; a collection of stories, What Is This Thing Called Love? (2010); and the novels My French Whore (2007), The Woman Who Wouldn't (2008), and Something to Remember You By (2013).", "Q19865538": "The Night Manager is a British television serial directed by Susanne Bier and starring Tom Hiddleston, Hugh Laurie, Olivia Colman, David Harewood, Tom Hollander, and Elizabeth Debicki. It is based on the 1993 novel of the same name by John le Carr\u00e9 and adapted to the present day by David Farr. The six-part series began broadcasting on BBC One on 21 February 2016. In the United States, it began on 19 April 2016 on AMC. It has been sold internationally by IMG to over 180 countries, and a second series has been commissioned by the BBC and AMC. Scripting duties for the second series will be handled by Matthew Orton, Charles Cumming, Namsi Khan and Francesca Gardiner.The first series of The Night Manager was nominated for 36 awards and won 11, including two Emmy Awards for director Susanne Bier and music composer Victor Reyes and three Golden Globes for Best Performance to Tom Hiddleston, Best Performance for an Actress in a Supporting Role to Olivia Colman, and Best Performance for a Supporting Actor for Hugh Laurie.", "Q313063": "Brendan Francis Aidan Behan (christened Francis Behan) ( BEE-\u0259n; Irish: Breand\u00e1n \u00d3 Beach\u00e1in; 9 February 1923 \u2013 20 March 1964) was an Irish poet, short story writer, novelist and playwright who wrote in both English and Irish. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest Irish writers of all time.An Irish republican and a volunteer in the Irish Republican Army, Behan was born in Dublin into a staunchly republican family becoming a member of the IRA's youth organisation Fianna \u00c9ireann at the age of fourteen. There was also a strong emphasis on Irish history and culture in the home, which meant he was steeped in literature and patriotic ballads from an early age. Behan eventually joined the IRA at sixteen, which led to his serving time in a borstal youth prison in the United Kingdom and he was also imprisoned in Ireland. During this time, he took it upon himself to study and he became a fluent speaker of the Irish language. Subsequently released from prison as part of a general amnesty given by the Fianna F\u00e1il government in 1946, Behan moved between homes in Dublin, Kerry and Connemara, and also resided in Paris for a time.\nIn 1954, Behan's first play The Quare Fellow, was produced in Dublin. It was well received; however, it was the 1956 production at Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop in Stratford, London, that gained Behan a wider reputation. This was helped by a famous drunken interview on BBC television with Malcolm Muggeridge. In 1958, Behan's play in the Irish language An Giall had its debut at Dublin's Damer Theatre. Later, The Hostage, Behan's English-language adaptation of An Giall, met with great success internationally. Behan's autobiographical novel, Borstal Boy, was published the same year and became a worldwide best-seller and by 1955, Behan had married Beatrice Ffrench Salkeld, with whom he later had a daughter Blanaid Behan in 1963.\nBy the early 1960s, Behan reached the peak of his fame. He spent increasing amounts of time in New York City, famously declaring, \"To America, my new found land: The man that hates you hates the human race.\" By this point, Behan began spending time with people including Harpo Marx and Arthur Miller and was followed by a young Bob Dylan. He even turned down his invitation to the inauguration of John F. Kennedy. However, this newfound fame did nothing to aid his health or his work, with his medical condition continuing to deteriorate: Brendan Behan's New York and Confessions of an Irish Rebel received little praise. He briefly attempted to combat this by a sober stretch while staying at Chelsea Hotel in New York, but once again turned back to drink.\nBehan died on 20 March 1964 after collapsing at the Harbour Lights bar in Dublin. He was given a full IRA guard of honour, which escorted his coffin. It was described by several newspapers as the biggest Irish funeral of all time after those of Michael Collins and Charles Stewart Parnell.", "Q403981": "Aiden was an American punk rock band from Seattle, Washington that formed in the spring of 2003. They achieved underground success during the mid to late 2000s with their classic lineup, featuring vocalist William Francis, guitarists Angel Ibarra and Jake Wambold, bassist Nick Wiggins, and drummer Jake Davison. Aiden's final lineup featured Francis, guitarist Aiden Weiler, bassist Kenneth Fletcher, and drummer Ben Tourkantonis.", "Q228787": "Jada Pinkett Smith (; born September 18, 1971) is an American actress, singer-songwriter, screenwriter and businesswoman.\nShe began her acting career in 1990, with a guest appearance on the short-lived sitcom True Colors, and subsequently starred in the television series A Different World (1991\u20131993). She made her feature film debut in Menace II Society (1993). Her breakthrough came opposite Eddie Murphy in The Nutty Professor (1996), and she has since starred in more than 20 feature films, including Set It Off (1996), Scream 2 (1997), Ali (2001), The Matrix Reloaded (2003), The Matrix Revolutions (2003), Collateral (2004), the Madagascar films (2005\u20132012), Bad Moms (2016), and Girls Trip (2017). On television, she has starred in Hawthorne (2009\u20132011) and Gotham (2014\u20132016).\nPinkett Smith launched her music career in 2002, when she helped create the heavy metal band Wicked Wisdom, for which she was a singer and songwriter. Along with her husband Will Smith, she has a production company, and has had producing credits in films, documentaries, and television series. She also wrote a children's book, Girls Hold Up This World, which was published in 2004.\nJada has been married to Will Smith since 1997, with whom she has two children, son Jaden and daughter Willow. Through their marriage she is also stepmother to Smith's son from his first marriage, Trey Smith.", "Q164247": "J\u0101nis Urbanovi\u010ds (born 23 March 1959) is a Latvian politician and a member of the Saeima since 1994. He was the chairman of Harmony from 2010\u20132014. From 2005\u20132010 he was chairman of the National Harmony Party.\n\n", "Q933207": "Tank is the name of two British heavy metal bands, both of which stem from a band formed in 1980 by Algy Ward, a former member of The Damned. The original band is known as part of the new wave of British heavy metal movement. Tank was often compared to Mot\u00f6rhead as both bands, trios fronted by singing bassists, played a loose, almost punk-styled metal music with often colourful lyrics.", "Q172431": "Henry Banks (June 14, 1913 \u2013 December 18, 1994) was an American midget car and \"big car\" driver.\n\"Married Roseanne Eisamann, two children, John Allen Banks, and Kathryn Roseanne Banks, three grandchildren Allen Edwin Banks, Jeffrey Henry Banks and Gavin Working \"", "Q283470": "Maurizio Seracini (1946 \u2013 ) is a diagnostician of Italian art. A 1973 graduate in bioengineering from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), he founded, in 1977, the first company in Italy for diagnostic and non-destructive analyses on art and architecture, the Editech srl, Diagnostic Center for Cultural Heritage in Florence. Adapting technologies from the medical and military fields and other technical measuring instruments he has made possible diagnostics of art and search for art without destroying the artwork itself. \nHe founded the Center for Interdisciplinary Science for Art, Architecture and Archaeology at the University of California, San Diego\u2019s Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology in 2007 and served as its director till 2013. From 2014 to 2016, he was a visiting professor at the School of Engineering at Monash University, Melbourne.\nProfessor Seracini has studied over 4,300 works of art, most notably Leonardo Da Vinci\u2019s lost mural, the \u201cBattle of Anghiari\u201d and \u201cThe Last Supper\u201d, Boticelli\u2019s \u201cAllegory of Spring\u201d and Carvaggio\u2019s \u201cMedusa\u201d. He used high-frequency, surface-penetrating radar to locate the painting behind Vasari\u2019s \u201cBattle of Marciano in Val di Chiana\u201d, forming the basis for the new technology that Professor Seracini would pioneer. Professor Seracini\u2019s theory was confirmed by an investigation authorized by the city council of Florence and the Italian Minister of Culture at the time, demonstrating the efficacy of his methods.\nHe works closely with Majestic Arts as an Expert for Scientific Authentication of Works of Art in Asia, Europe, North America and Middle East.\nSeracini has been well known for his search for the Leonardo da Vinci mural The Battle of Anghiari in the Salone dei Cinquecento, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence and for his diagnostic survey on Leonardo's Adoration of the Magi.", "Q559443": "Johan Sems (1572 \u2013 January 1635), sometimes known as Johan Semp, was a Dutch cartographer, engineer and land surveyor.\nHe specialized in land reclamation and the building of dikes and fortifications.", "Q2166305": "The Belarusian Socialist Assembly, BSA (Belarusian: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0446\u044b\u044f\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430, Belarusian Socialist Hramada, BSH) was a revolutionary party in the Belarusian territory of the Russian Empire. It was established in 1902 as the Belarusian Revolutionary Party, renamed in 1903.The BSA had branches in Minsk, Vilna and also in St. Petersburg. After the February Revolution in Russia, the political activity in Belarus increased, and in summer of 1917 BSA gave rise to the Communist Party of Byelorussia and the Belarusian Social Democratic Party.\nOn March 19, 1918, on the initiative of the BSA, the Council (Rada) of the Belarusian People's Republic has become a temporary, short-lived parliament in Belarusian lands. Most of the BNR Council were members of the BSA.\nRussian Bolsheviks had a negative attitude towards the BSA. Vladimir Lenin described BSA as a \"nationalist petty bourgeois party of left populist orientation\". The 2nd Congress of the Soviets of the Western Province (Russia) declared the Council of the Belarusian Republic counter-revolutionary and anti-Soviet.After the Polish-Soviet War many activists of the BSA have found themselves in Poland, which acquired Western Belarus, and they struggled for the Belarusian autonomy.", "Q162622": "Lawrence Patton McDonald (April 1, 1935 \u2013 September 1, 1983) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Georgia's 7th congressional district as a Democrat from 1975 until he was killed while a passenger on board Korean Air Lines Flight 007 when it was shot down by Soviet interceptors. \nA conservative Democrat, McDonald was active in numerous civic organizations and maintained one of the most conservative voting records in Congress. He was known for his staunch opposition to communism. He was the second president of the John Birch Society.", "Q1590452": "Shaul Paul Ladany (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05d3\u05e0\u05d9\u200e; born April 2, 1936) is an Israeli Holocaust survivor, racewalker and two-time Olympian. He holds the world record in the 50-mile walk (7:23:50), and the Israeli national record in the 50-kilometer walk (4:17:07). He is a former world champion in the 100-kilometer walk.Ladany survived the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1944, when he was eight years old. In 1972, he survived the Munich Massacre. He is now a Professor of Industrial Engineering and Management at Ben Gurion University, has authored over a dozen books and 120 scholarly papers, and reportedly speaks nine languages. He lives in Omer, Israel.Asked if it would be fair to call him the ultimate survivor, Ladany laughed and answered: \"I don't know about that. What I can say is that in my life there has never been a dull moment.\"", "Q33": "Finland (Finnish: Suomi [\u02c8suo\u032fmi] (listen); Swedish: Finland [\u02c8f\u026a\u030cnland] (listen), Finland Swedish: [\u02c8finl\u0251nd]), officially the Republic of Finland (Finnish: Suomen tasavalta, Swedish: Republiken Finland (listen to all)), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden to the west, Russia to the east, Estonia to the south, and north-eastern Norway to the north. The capital and largest city is Helsinki. Other major cities are Espoo, Tampere, Vantaa, Oulu, Turku, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Lahti and Kuopio.\nFinland's population is 5.53 million as of March 2020, the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish, a Finnic language from the Uralic language family, unrelated to the Scandinavian languages. Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities, and includes an autonomous region, the \u00c5land Islands. Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area, which produces one third of the country's GDP. Swedish is the second official language of Finland, which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on \u00c5land. A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended, approximately 9000 BC. Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC. The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions. At the time Finland had three main cultural areas \u2013 Southwest Finland, Tavastia and Karelia. From the late 13th century, Finland gradually became an integral part of Sweden through the Northern Crusades and the Swedish part-colonisation of coastal Finland, a legacy reflected in the prevalence of the Swedish language and its official status. \nIn 1809, Finland was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant all adult citizens the right to vote, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, Finland declared itself independent. In 1918, the fledgling state was divided by civil war, with the Bolshevik-leaning Red Guard, supported by Soviet Russia, fighting the White Guard, supported by the German Empire. After a brief attempt to establish a kingdom, the country became a republic. During World War II, Finland fought the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War and lost some land, but maintained independence.\nFinland remained largely an agrarian country until the 1950s. After World War II, the war reparations demanded by the Soviet Union forced Finland to industrialise. The country rapidly developed an advanced economy while building an extensive welfare state based on the Nordic model, resulting in widespread prosperity and a high per capita income. Finland is a top performer in numerous metrics of national performance, including education, economic competitiveness, civil liberties, quality of life, and human development. In 2015, Finland was ranked first in the World Human Capital and the Press Freedom Index and as the most stable country in the world during 2011\u20132016 in the Fragile States Index, and second in the Global Gender Gap Report. It also ranked first on the World Happiness Report report for 2018 and 2019.Finland joined the United Nations in 1955 and adopted an official policy of neutrality. The Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 gave the Soviet Union some leverage in Finnish domestic politics during the Cold War. Finland joined the OECD in 1969, the NATO Partnership for Peace in 1994, the European Union in 1995, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997, and the Eurozone at its inception in 1999.", "Q57111": "Cossonay is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is part of the district of Morges.", "Q738005": "Vinod Khosla (born 28 January 1955) is an Indian American billionaire businessman and venture capitalist. He is a co-founder of Sun Microsystems and the founder of Khosla Ventures. In 2014, Forbes named him amongst the 400 richest people in the United States. He is well-known for a failed decade-long legal battle to overturn the California Coastal Act and privatize Martins Beach.", "Q5764": "Bukhara (Uzbek: Buxoro; Persian: \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u200e) is a city in Uzbekistan. Bukhara is rich in historical sites, with about 140 architectural monuments. The city served as the capital of the Samanid empire and Khanate of Bukhara and was the birthplace of Imam Bukhari. The nation's fifth-largest city, it had a population of 247,644 as of 31 August 2016. But according to the Statistics of O\u2019zStatQo\u2019m Department the City is the second largest after Tashkent by number of people who migrate. Number of daily migrants is 4,752,000 as of 22nd April 2018. People have inhabited the region around Bukhara for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time. The mother tongue of the majority of people of Bukhara is Tajik. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long served as a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. UNESCO has listed the historic center of Bukhara (which contains numerous mosques and madrasas) as a World Heritage Site.", "Q4352382": "The National Academy of Medicine (NAM), formerly called the Institute of Medicine (IoM), is an American nonprofit, non-governmental organization. The National Academy of Medicine is a part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and the National Research Council (NRC).\nThe National Academy of Medicine provides national and international advice on issues relating to health, medicine, health policy, and biomedical science. It aims to provide unbiased, evidence-based, and authoritative information and advice concerning health and science policy to policy-makers, professionals, leaders in every sector of society, and the public at large.\nOperating outside the framework of the U.S. federal government, it relies on a volunteer workforce of scientists and other experts, operating under a formal peer-review system. As a national academy, the organization annually elects new members with the help of its current members; the election is based on the members' distinguished and continuing achievements in a relevant field as well as for their willingness to participate actively.", "Q6498903": "A supervillain or supercriminal is a variant of the villainous stock character that is commonly found in American comic books, usually possessing superhuman abilities. A supervillain is the antithesis of a superhero. A female supervillain is sometimes called a supervillainess, although the word supervillain is also commonly used for females.\nSupervillains are often used as foils to present a daunting challenge to a superhero. In instances where the supervillain does not have superhuman, mystical, or alien powers, the supervillain may possess a genius intellect or a skill set that allows him to draft complex schemes or commit crimes in a way normal humans cannot. Other traits may include megalomania and possession of considerable resources to further their aims. Many supervillains share some typical characteristics of real world dictators, gangsters, and terrorists, with aspirations of world domination or universal leadership.\n\n", "Q313077": "William John Banville (born 8 December 1945) is an Irish novelist, short story writer, adapter of dramas and screenwriter. Though he has been described as \"the heir to Proust, via Nabokov\", Banville himself maintains that W. B. Yeats and Henry James are the two real influences on his work.Banville has won the 1976 James Tait Black Memorial Prize, the 2005 Booker Prize, the 2011 Franz Kafka Prize, the 2013 Austrian State Prize for European Literature and the 2014 Prince of Asturias Award for Literature. Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2007, Italy made him a Cavaliere of the Ordine della Stella d'Italia (essentially a knighthood) in 2017. He is a former member of Aosd\u00e1na, having voluntarily relinquished the financial stipend in 2001 to another, more impoverished, writer.Born at Wexford in south-east Ireland, Banville published his first novel, Nightspawn, in 1971. A second, Birchwood, followed two years later. \"The Revolutions Trilogy\", published between 1976 and 1982, comprises three works, all of which reference renowned scientists in their titles: Doctor Copernicus, Kepler and The Newton Letter. His next work, Mefisto, had a mathematical theme. His 1989 novel The Book of Evidence, shortlisted for the Booker Prize and winner of that year's Guinness Peat Aviation award, heralded a second trilogy, three works which deal in common with the work of art. \"The Frames Trilogy\" is completed by Ghosts and Athena, both published during the 1990s. Banville's thirteenth novel, The Sea, won the Booker Prize in 2005. In addition, he publishes crime novels as Benjamin Black \u2014 most of these feature the character of Quirke, an Irish pathologist based in Dublin.\nBanville is considered a contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature. He lives in Dublin.", "Q85057": "Gerhard D\u00f6rfler (born 29 May 1955) is an Austrian politician, who served as Governor of Carinthia from 27 October 2008 (acting since 11 October), following Governor J\u00f6rg Haider's sudden death in a car accident, to 28 March 2013.D\u00f6rfler is a member of the Freedom Party in Carinthia (FPK). By now, he serves in the Federal Council, where he represents his home state Carinthia.\n\n", "Q526297": "Mar\u00eda del Carmen Aristegui Flores (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8ka\u027e.men a.\u027eis\u02c8te.\u0263i]; born January 18, 1964) is a Mexican journalist and anchorwoman. She is widely regarded as one of Mexico's leading journalists and opinion leaders, and is best known for her critical investigations of the Mexican government. She is the anchor of the news program Aristegui on CNN en Espa\u00f1ol, and writes regularly for the opinion section of the periodical Reforma. In March 2015, she was illegally fired from MVS Radio 102.5 FM in Mexico City following a report on the conflict of interests by then Mexican President Enrique Pe\u00f1a Nieto, with a state contractor who would have built a millionaire residence for the mandatory and his family. She manages her own news website and hosts an online morning newscast, which is also broadcast on Grupo Radio Centro's XERC-FM.\n\n", "Q433856": "Maurizio Arena (26 December 1933 \u2013 21 November 1979) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in 78 films between 1952 and 1978.", "Q343898": "Pierre Braunberger (29 July 1905, Paris \u2013 16 November 1990, Aubervilliers) was a French producer, executive producer, and actor.", "Q691283": "St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge (the full, formal name of the college is the College of St John the Evangelist in the University of Cambridge) founded by the Tudor matriarch Lady Margaret Beaufort. In constitutional terms, the college is a charitable corporation established by a charter dated 9 April 1511. The aims of the college, as specified by its statutes, are the promotion of education, religion, learning and research. It is one of the larger Oxbridge colleges in terms of student numbers. For 2018, St. John's was ranked 9th of 29 colleges in the Tompkins Table (the annual league table of Cambridge colleges) with over 30% of its students earning First-class honours.The college's alumni comprise the winners of 11 Nobel Prizes (including physicists Paul Dirac and Max Born, the latter having been affiliated with the college in the 1930s), seven prime ministers and 12 archbishops of various countries, at least two princes and three Saints. The Romantic poet William Wordsworth studied at St John's, as did William Wilberforce and Thomas Clarkson, the two abolitionists who led the movement that brought slavery to an end in the British Empire. Prince William was affiliated with the college while undertaking a university-run course in estate management in 2014.St John's is well known for its choir, its members' success in a wide variety of inter-collegiate sporting competitions and its annual May Ball. The Cambridge Apostles and the Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club were both founded by members of the college. The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race tradition furthermore began with a St John's student, and the college boat club, Lady Margaret Boat Club, is the oldest in the university. In 2011, the college celebrated its quincentenary, an event marked by a visit of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.", "Q164253": "Professor George Panyin Hagan (born 1938), is a prominent academic and politician in Ghana.", "Q594425": "Willie Cobbs (born July 15, 1932, Smale, Monroe County, Arkansas, United States) is an American blues singer, harmonica player and songwriter. He is best known for his song \"You Don't Love Me\".\nHe moved to Chicago in 1951, where he occasionally performed in local clubs with Little Walter, Eddie Boyd and others. He served in the American armed forces and then returned to Chicago, recording a number of singles on such labels as Ruler, a subsidiary of J.O.B. Records. \nHe first recorded his composition \"You Don't Love Me\" in 1960 for Mojo Records, a record label in Memphis, Tennessee, owned by Billy Lee Riley. The recording was leased to Vee-Jay Records for release. Cover versions have been recorded by various artists, including the Allman Brothers Band; Grateful Dead; Richie Kotzen; Kaleidoscope; Quicksilver Messenger Service; John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers; Junior Wells; Magic Sam; and Mike Bloomfield, Al Kooper and Stephen Stills on their 1968 album Super Session. Another cover version was the 1967 rocksteady rendition by Dawn Penn, entitled \"You Don't Love Me (No, No, No)\".\nIn direct response to James Brown's message of \"Say It Loud \u2013 I'm Black and I'm Proud\" (1968), Cobbs wryly observed that Brown was a millionaire by that point, as Cobbs retort was \"Sing It Low - I'm Black and I'm Poor\".Cobbs later released singles for various labels. He ran nightclubs in Arkansas and Mississippi through the 1970s and 1980s. He went on to release the albums Hey Little Girl for the Wilco label in 1986 and Down to Earth for the Rooster Blues label in 1994.\nHe has performed at the King Biscuit Blues Festival and the Chicago Blues Festival. He also appeared in the 1991 film Mississippi Masala, performing the songs \"Angel from Heaven\" and \"Sad Feelin'\".", "Q295212": "Rosen Asenov Plevneliev (Bulgarian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d \u0410\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u041f\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432; born 14 May 1964) is a Bulgarian politician who was the 4th President of Bulgaria, holding the position from January 2012 to January 2017. He was the Minister of Regional Development and Public Works from July 2009 to September 2011 as part of the cabinet of Boyko Borisov. In October 2011, Plevneliev was elected as President in a second round of voting; he was inaugurated on 18 January 2012.\n\n", "Q345231": "Robert Craig Knievel (; October 17, 1938 \u2013 November 30, 2007), professionally known as Evel Knievel, was an American stunt performer and entertainer. Over the course of his career, he attempted more than 75 ramp-to-ramp motorcycle jumps.\nKnievel was inducted into the Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 1999. He died of pulmonary disease in Clearwater, Florida, in 2007, aged 69.", "Q91022": "Hans Zehrer (pseud. Hans Thomas, 22 June 1899 \u2013 23 August 1966) was a German philosopher and journalist. He edited a leading right-wing journal, Die Tat, and founded the Tat Circle.", "Q968565": "William Tenn was the pseudonym of Philip Klass (May 9, 1920 \u2013 February 7, 2010), a British-born American science fiction author, notable for many stories with satirical elements.", "Q55706": "Ewa B\u0142aszczyk (born October 15, 1955) is a Polish actress. She has made over 35 appearances in film and television. She starred in Krzysztof Kie\u015blowski's Dekalog: Nine and in the 1980s TV series Zmiennicy.", "Q590643": "Miami University (informally Miami of Ohio or simply Miami) is a public research university in Oxford, Ohio. The university was founded in 1809, although classes were not held until 1824. Miami University is the second-oldest university in Ohio and the 10th oldest public university (32nd overall) in the United States. The school's system comprises the main campus in Oxford, as well as regional campuses in nearby Hamilton, Middletown, and West Chester. Miami also maintains an international boarding campus, the Dolibois European Center in Differdange, Luxembourg. The Carnegie Foundation classifies Miami University as a research university with a high research activity. It is affiliated with the University System of Ohio.\nMiami University is well known for its liberal arts education; it offers more than 120 undergraduate degree programs and over 60 graduate degree programs within its 8 schools and colleges in architecture, business, engineering, humanities and the sciences. In its 2019 edition, U.S. News & World Report ranked the university 96th among national universities and the 42nd top public university in the United States. Additionally, Miami University is ranked 3rd best national university (2nd among public institutions) for undergraduate teaching. Miami is one of the original eight Public Ivy schools, a group of publicly funded universities considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League.Miami University has a long tradition of Greek life; five social Greek-letter organizations were founded at the university earning Miami the nickname \"Mother of Fraternities\". Today, Miami University hosts over 50 fraternity and sorority chapters, and approximately one-third of the undergraduate student population are members of the Greek community. Miami is renowned for its campus' beauty, having been called \"The most beautiful campus that ever there was\" by Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Robert Frost. Additionally, Forbes ranked the city of Oxford first on its 2016 list of the best college towns in the United States.Miami's athletic teams compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and are collectively known as the Miami RedHawks. They compete in the Mid-American Conference in all varsity sports except ice hockey, which competes in the National Collegiate Hockey Conference.", "Q456002": "Ruth Flowers (29 March 1931 \u2013 27 May 2014) aka \"Mamy Rock\", was a British disc jockey.", "Q2499132": "Gu Kailai (born 15 November 1958) is a Chinese former lawyer and businesswoman. She is the second wife of former Politburo member Bo Xilai, one of China's most influential politicians until he was stripped of his offices in 2012. In August 2012, Gu was convicted of murdering British businessman Neil Heywood and was given a suspended death sentence, later commuted to life imprisonment.", "Q97453": "Thomas Z\u00f6ller (born 1977) is a German author and player of the Scottish Great Highland Bagpipes, border pipes, and smallpipes. Z\u00f6ller is a member of the trio As a' Ph\u00ecob (Out of the Pipes) along with Clemens Bieger and Michael Klevenhaus.Z\u00f6ller was educated on a scholarship by the Hessisches Ministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Kunst (Hessian Ministry of Science and Art) and the Naspa-Stiftung (Naspa Foundation) for initiative and performance; he has been a professional bagpipe player since 1998. He appeared several times in the SWR Fernsehen television, and the daily news television program Tagesthemen.\nZ\u00f6ller is the first German to gain a Bachelor's degree in Scottish music (\"piping degree\") from the National Piping Centre of the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow, Scotland.", "Q120411": "Inayat Rehmat Khan Pathan (Urdu: \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u062d\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0679\u06be\u0627\u0646\u200e) (5 July 1882 \u2013 5 February 1927) was the founder of the Sufi Order in the West in 1914 (London) and teacher of Universal Sufism. He initially came to the West as a Northern Indian classical musician, having received the honorific \"Tansen\" from the Nizam of Hyderabad, but he soon turned to the introduction and transmission of Sufi thought and practice. Later, in 1923, the Sufi Order of the London period was dissolved into a new organization, formed under Swiss law, called the \"International Sufi Movement\". \nHis message of divine unity (Tawhid) focused on the themes of love, harmony, and beauty. He taught that blind adherence to any book rendered religion devoid of spirit. Branches of Inayat Khan's movement can be found in the Netherlands, France, England, Germany, the United States, Canada, Russia and Australia. In his various written works, such as the Music of Life and The Mysticism of Sound and Music, Inayat Khan interlocks his passion for music with his Sufi ideologies making a compelling argument for music as the harmonious thread of the Universe.", "Q87640": "Gerhard Glogowski (born February 11, 1943 in Hanover) is a German politician (SPD).", "Q668140": "Barnes () is a district in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It takes up the extreme northeast of the borough, and as such is the closest part of the borough to central London. It is centred 5.3 miles (8.5 km) west south-west of Charing Cross in a bend of the River Thames.\nIts built environment includes a wide variety of convenience and arts shopping on its high street and a high proportion of 18th- and 19th-century buildings in the streets near Barnes Pond. Together they make up the Barnes Village conservation area where along with its west riverside, pictured, most of the mid-19th century properties are concentrated. On the east riverside is the WWT London Wetland Centre adjoining several fields for the three main national team sports. Barnes has retained woodland on the \"Barnes Trail\" which is a short circular walk taking in the riverside, commercial streets and conservation area, marked by silver discs set in the ground and with QR coded information on distinctive oar signs. The Thames Path National Trail provides a public promenade along the entire bend of the river which is on the Championship Course in rowing. Barnes has two railway stations (Barnes and Barnes Bridge) and is served by bus routes towards central London and Richmond.", "Q35794": "The University of Cambridge (legally The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge) is a collegiate public research university in Cambridge, United Kingdom. Founded in 1209 and granted a royal charter by King Henry III in 1231, Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's fourth-oldest surviving university. The university grew out of an association of scholars who left the University of Oxford after a dispute with the townspeople. The two 'ancient universities' share many common features and are often referred to jointly as 'Oxbridge'. The academic standards, history, influence and wealth of the University of Cambridge has made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world.Cambridge is formed from a variety of institutions which include 31 semi-autonomous constituent Colleges and over 100 academic departments organised into six schools. Cambridge University Press, a department of the university, is the world's oldest publishing house and the second-largest university press in the world. Cambridge Assessment, also a department of the university, is one of the world's leading examining bodies and provides assessment to over eight million learners globally every year. The university also operates eight cultural and scientific museums, including the Fitzwilliam Museum, as well as a botanic garden. Cambridge's libraries, of which there are over 100, hold a total of around 16 million books, around nine million of which are in Cambridge University Library, a legal deposit library. The university is home to, but independent of, the Cambridge Union - the world's oldest debating society. The university is closely linked to the development of the high-tech business cluster known as 'Silicon Fen'. It is the central member of Cambridge University Health Partners, an academic health science centre based around the Cambridge Biomedical Campus.\nIn the fiscal year ending 31 July 2019, the central university, excluding colleges, had a total income of \u00a32.192 billion, of which \u00a3592.4 million was from research grants and contracts. At the end of the same financial year, the central university and colleges together possessed a combined endowment of over \u00a36.9 billion and overall consolidated net assets (excluding 'immaterial' historical assets) of \u00a312.569 billion. By both endowment size and consolidated assets, Cambridge is the wealthiest university in the United Kingdom.As of 2019, Cambridge is the top-ranked university in the United Kingdom according to all major league tables. Cambridge is ranked the world's second best university by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, ranked 3rd worldwide by Academic Ranking of World Universities, 6th by QS, and 7th by US News. Cambridge was ranked No. 10 in the 2016 and 2018 Nature Index Annual Tables, which measure the largest contributors to papers published in 82 leading scientific journals. According to the Times Higher Education ranking, no other institution in the world ranks in the top 10 for as many subjects. It is a member of numerous associations and forms part of the 'golden triangle' of English universities.\nThe university has educated many notable alumni, including eminent mathematicians, scientists, politicians, lawyers, philosophers, writers, actors, monarchs and other heads of state. As of October 2019, 120 Nobel Laureates, 11 Fields Medalists, 7 Turing Award winners and 14 British Prime Ministers have been affiliated with Cambridge as students, alumni, faculty or research staff. University alumni have won 194 Olympic medals.", "Q252981": "Jind\u0159ich Plachta, born Jind\u0159ich \u0160olle (1 July 1899 \u2013 6 November 1951) was a Czechoslovak film actor. He appeared in more than 100 films between 1926 and 1951.", "Q458991": "Jennifer Miller (born 1961) is an American circus entertainer, writer, and professor at Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, NY. She has lived with a beard for most of her life, which is very rare for her sex. She is a juggler and fire eater. Miller lives in New York City.\nMiller is the youngest daughter of two Quaker professors and grew up in Connecticut and California. Miller became involved in the performing arts and theater while in high school, and was involved in the downtown dance scene in New York in the early 1980s. In her career as a performing artist, which has spanned over 20 years, she has performed with numerous choreographers and dancers, several circus companies, and in the Coney Island SideShow. Miller has also collaborated on theatrical works with Sarah Schulman.In 1989, she established the acclaimed NYC political performance troupe Circus Amok. She was also a focus of Tami Gold's documentary Juggling Gender, an exploratory piece addressing themes of androgyny, gender classification and identification, feminism, and femaleness through a singular focal character, Jennifer Miller herself. Circus Amok has been the subject of numerous documentary films. Miller is widely recognized for her work and is the recipient of awards including the Obie, Bessie, BAX 10, and, most recently, the Ethyl Eichelberger Award. She currently teaches in New York at Pratt Institute, and has taught at several universities including UCLA, Cal Arts, Scripps College, Trinity/La MaMa Performing Arts Program and NYU.In 2010, Miller served as a co-hostess to Vaginal Davis' performance piece \"Speaking from the Diaphragm\" at Performance Space 122.", "Q169011": "John Charles Fr\u00e9mont or Fremont (January 21, 1813 \u2013 July 13, 1890) was an American explorer, military officer, and politician. He was a US Senator from California, and in 1856 was the first Republican nominee for President of the United States. \nA native of Georgia, Fr\u00e9mont acquired male protectors after his father's death, and became proficient in mathematics, science, and surveying. During the 1840s, he led five expeditions into the Western United States, and became known as The Pathfinder. During the Mexican\u2013American War, Fr\u00e9mont, a major in the U.S. Army, took control of California from the California Republic in 1846. Fr\u00e9mont was convicted in court-martial for mutiny and insubordination after a conflict over who was the rightful military governor of California. After his sentence was commuted and he was reinstated by President Polk, Fr\u00e9mont resigned from the Army. Fr\u00e9mont led a private fourth expedition, which cost ten lives, seeking a rail route over the mountains around the 38th parallel in the winter of 1849. \nAfterwards, Fr\u00e9mont settled in California at Monterey while buying cheap land in the Sierra foothills. When gold was found on his Mariposa ranch, Fr\u00e9mont became a wealthy man during the California Gold Rush, but he was soon bogged down with lawsuits over land claims, between the dispossession of various land owners during the Mexican\u2013American War and the explosion of Forty-Niners immigrating during the Rush. These cases were settled by the U.S. Supreme Court allowing Fr\u00e9mont to keep his property. Fr\u00e9mont's fifth and final privately funded expedition, between 1853 and 1854, surveyed a route for a transcontinental railroad. Fr\u00e9mont became one of the first two U.S. senators elected from the new state of California in 1850. Fr\u00e9mont was the first presidential candidate of the new Republican Party, carrying most of the North. He lost the 1856 presidential election to Democrat James Buchanan when Know Nothings split the vote. At the beginning of the American Civil War in 1861, he was given command of Department of the West by President Abraham Lincoln. \nAlthough Fr\u00e9mont had successes during his brief tenure there, he ran his department autocratically, and made hasty decisions without consulting President Lincoln or Army headquarters. He issued an unauthorized emancipation edict and was relieved of his command for insubordination by Lincoln. Fr\u00e9mont appointed future commander-in-chief Ulysses S. Grant to his first command (the strategically important city of Cairo, Illinois), and wrote later that he saw in Grant an \"iron will\" to fight. Fr\u00e9mont drove the Confederates out of southwest Missouri and reoccupied Springfield, the only Union success in the West in 1861. After a brief service tenure in the Mountain Department in 1862, Fr\u00e9mont resided in New York, retiring from the Army in 1864. Fr\u00e9mont was nominated for President in 1864 by the Radical Democracy Party, a breakaway faction of abolitionist Republicans, but he withdrew before the election. After the Civil War, Fr\u00e9mont lost much of his wealth in the unsuccessful Pacific Railroad in 1866, and lost more in the Panic of 1873. Fr\u00e9mont served as Governor of Arizona from 1878 to 1881. After his resignation as governor, Fr\u00e9mont retired from politics and died destitute in New York City in 1890.\nHistorians portray Fr\u00e9mont as controversial, impetuous, and contradictory. Some scholars regard him as a military hero of significant accomplishment, while others view him as a failure who repeatedly defeated his own best purposes. The keys to Fr\u00e9mont's character and personality may lie in his having been born illegitimately, ambitious drive for success, self-justification, and passive\u2013aggressive behavior. Fr\u00e9mont's published reports and maps produced from his explorations significantly contributed to massive American emigration overland into the West starting in the 1840s. In June 1846, Fr\u00e9mont's and his army expedition's return to California spurred the formation of the California Battalion, and his military advice led to the capture of Sonoma and the formation of the Bear Flag Republic. During his lifetime, many people believed his 1848 court martial was unjustified. His biographer Allan Nevins wrote that Fr\u00e9mont lived a dramatic life, of remarkable successes and dismal failures.", "Q98006": "Gertrude Welcker (16 July 1896 \u2013 1 August 1988) was a German stage and silent film actress. She appeared in 64 films between 1917 and 1925.", "Q677706": "Martin Gardner (October 21, 1914 \u2013 May 22, 2010) was an American popular mathematics and popular science writer, with interests also encompassing scientific skepticism, micromagic, philosophy, religion, and literature\u2014especially the writings of Lewis Carroll, L. Frank Baum, and G. K. Chesterton. He is recognized as a leading authority on Lewis Carroll. The Annotated Alice, which incorporated the text of Carroll's two Alice books, was his most successful work and sold over a million copies. He had a lifelong interest in magic and illusion and was regarded as one of the most important magicians of the twentieth century. He was considered the doyen of American puzzlers. He was a prolific and versatile author, publishing more than 100 books.Gardner was best known for creating and sustaining interest in recreational mathematics\u2014and by extension, mathematics in general\u2014throughout the latter half of the 20th century, principally through his \"Mathematical Games\" columns. These appeared for twenty-five years in Scientific American, and his subsequent books collecting them.Gardner was one of the foremost anti-pseudoscience polemicists of the 20th century. His 1957 book Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science became a classic and seminal work of the skeptical movement. In 1976 he joined with fellow skeptics to found CSICOP, an organization promoting scientific inquiry and the use of reason in examining extraordinary claims.\n\n", "Q4524729": "Sergey Nikolaevich Shishkarev (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0451\u0432, born on 2 February 1968 in Novorossiysk) is a Russian businessman and political figure. Founder (1993) and President of Delo Group, a transport and logistics holding company. President of the Russian Handball Federation. He served in the State Duma of the Russian Federation for three terms, from 1999 to 2011.\n\n", "Q193803": "Sir Roger Penrose (born 8 August 1931) is an English mathematical physicist, mathematician and philosopher of science. He is Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics in the University of Oxford, an emeritus fellow of Wadham College, Oxford and an honorary fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.\nPenrose has made contributions to the mathematical physics of general relativity and cosmology. He has received several prizes and awards, including the 1988 Wolf Prize for physics, which he shared with Stephen Hawking for the Penrose\u2013Hawking singularity theorems.", "Q936419": "Ruins is a Japanese music duo composed only of drummer/vocalist Tatsuya Yoshida and a bass guitarist (there have been four such bassists in the band's history). The group, formed in 1985, was supposedly intended to be a power trio; the guitarist, however, never showed up to the band's first rehearsal so the group remained a duo. The music touches on progressive rock, jazz fusion and noise rock.The French progressive rock band Magma is the group's most important influence, to such an extent that Ruins' original lyrics are written and sung in an invented language which, at first glance, resembles Koba\u00efan, the language invented by Christian Vander of Magma. Ruins' material (which Yoshida, who composes the majority of their pieces, writes out in score form) is generally of extreme complexity and thus is often described as inaccessible; potential listeners may be bewildered by the band's unrestrained yet disciplined approach.\nIn addition to the \"prog rock\" label, the group's music has also been described as \"math rock\" and \"zeuhl\". That said, Ruins' style has consistently evolved since the band's beginning, often changing according to the bassist that Tatsuya was collaborating with at the time.\nRuins have collaborated with several other musicians, including prominent avant-garde figure Derek Bailey, auteur guitarist/multi-instrumentalist Keiji Haino and Ground Zero alumnus Kazuhisa Uchihashi.Sasaki Hisashi left the band in 2004, and since then Yoshida has been touring solo under the name Ruins-alone (Ruins Alone). He has also performed as Sax Ruins with alto saxophonist Ono Ryoko. He was chosen by Matt Groening to perform at the All Tomorrow's Parties festival Groening curated in May 2010 in Minehead, England.\nOn September 6, 2016, Tatsuya announced via his Facebook that third period bassist Masuda Ryuichi would be rejoining the band for a show in December and shows throughout the spring.", "Q712820": "John Howard Jones (born 23 February 1955) is a British singer, musician and songwriter. He had ten top 40 hit singles in the UK between 1983 and 1986; six of those 10 singles reached the top ten, including, \"What Is Love?\", \"New Song\", and \"Things Can Only Get Better\". His 1984 album Human's Lib reached number one on the UK Albums Chart. Around the world, Jones had 15 top 40 hit singles between 1983 and 1992. The 1986 hit single \"No One Is to Blame\" reached no. 4 on the U.S. charts. \nJones is associated with the 1980s Second British Invasion of the US. He has been described by AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine as \"one of the defining figures of mid-'80s synth-pop.\" He performed at the historic Live Aid concert in 1985.", "Q967130": "John Michael Higgins (born February 12, 1963) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian whose film credits include Christopher Guests mockumentaries, the role of David Letterman in HBO's The Late Shift and a starring role in the American version of Kath & Kim. He portrayed Peter Lovett in the TV Land original sitcom Happily Divorced and provided the voice of Iknik Blackstone Varrick in The Legend of Korra. He also starred in the NBC sitcom Great News as Chuck Pierce for 2 seasons. He currently hosts the game show America Says, which earned him a 2019 Daytime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Game Show Host.\n\n", "Q3817915": "Claudio Biern Boyd is a Spanish animator and founder of the Spanish animation studio BRB Internacional. He created the television shows The World of David the Gnome and Gladiator Academy, among other projects.", "Q1264": "Side-note: \"U Thant\" in Burmese is the same as \"Mr. Thant\" in English. Thant (; Burmese: \u101e\u1014\u1037\u103a; MLCTS: san.; IPA: [\u03b8a\u0330\u0270\u0303]; 22 January 1909 \u2013 25 November 1974), known honorifically as U Thant (), was a Burmese diplomat and the third Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1961 to 1971, the first non-Scandinavian to hold the position. He held the office for a record 10 years and one month (3,683 days) (taking into account a one-month vacancy in November\u2013December 1966).A native of Pantanaw, Thant was educated at the National High School and at Rangoon University. In the days of tense political climate in Burma, he held moderate views positioning himself between fervent nationalists and British loyalists. He was a close friend of Burma's first Prime Minister U Nu and served in various positions in Nu's cabinet from 1948 to 1961. Thant had a calm and unassuming demeanor that won his colleagues' respect.He was appointed as Secretary-General in 1961, six weeks after his predecessor Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld died in an air crash. In his first term, Thant facilitated negotiations between U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, helping to avert a global catastrophe. Later, in December that year, Thant ordered Operation Grandslam, which ended a secessionist insurgency in Congo. He was reappointed as Secretary-General on 2 December 1966 by a unanimous vote of the Security Council. During his second term Thant was well known for publicly criticizing American conduct in the Vietnam War. He oversaw the entry of several newly independent African and Asian states into the UN. He refused to serve a third term, and retired in 1971.\nThant died of lung cancer in 1974. A devout Buddhist and the foremost Burmese diplomat on the international stage, he was widely admired and held in great respect by the Burmese populace. When the military government refused him any honours, riots broke out in Rangoon; these were violently crushed by the government, leaving scores of casualties.", "Q447669": "Philip Baker Hall (born September 10, 1931) is an American actor. In film, Hall is known as both a leading man and a character actor earning critical acclaim in the lead roles of Richard Nixon in Robert Altman's Secret Honor (1984), and Sydney Brown in Paul Thomas Anderson's Hard Eight (1996). Hall has received Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for his work in two other Anderson-directed films, Boogie Nights (1997) and Magnolia (1999). Hall has also appeared in Martin Brest's Midnight Run (1988), Cameron Crowe's Say Anything (1989), Peter Weir's The Truman Show (1998), Anthony Minghella's The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), Michael Mann's The Insider (1999), Lars Von Trier's Dogville (2005), David Fincher's Zodiac (2007), and Ben Affleck's Argo (2012).\nOn television, he is best known for playing Lt. Bookman in the Seinfeld episode The Library. \nHe also had recurring roles in Murder, She Wrote, The West Wing, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Modern Family, The Newsroom, BoJack Horseman, and Room 104.", "Q45273": "Race 2 is a 2013 Indian action thriller film directed by Abbas Burmawalla, Mustan Burmawalla and produced under the Tips Industries banner. It is the sequel to the 2008 film, Race and the second installment of Race film series. The film has an ensemble cast starring Saif Ali Khan, John Abraham, Deepika Padukone, Jacqueline Fernandez, Ameesha Patel and Anil Kapoor in the lead roles while Aditya Pancholi and Rajesh Khattar are featured in supporting roles and Bipasha Basu is featured in a special appearance. Khan, Kapoor and Basu reprised their roles from the previous film. \nMade on a budget of \u20b994 crore, Race 2 was released on 25 January 2013 and opened to mixed reviews from critics and positive response at the box office, earning \u20b9161.53 crore worldwide. According to Box Office India, it was declared a hit.", "Q17466114": "Red Velvet (Hangul: \ub808\ub4dc\ubca8\ubcb3) is a South Korean girl group formed by SM Entertainment. The group debuted on August 1, 2014, with the digital single \"Happiness\" and four group members: Irene, Seulgi, Wendy, and Joy. In March 2015, Yeri was added into the group.\nSince their debut, Red Velvet has released two studio albums, one reissue album, one compilation album, and nine extended plays in Korean, with eleven of them topping South Korea's Gaon Album Chart. Their singles \"Happiness\", \"Ice Cream Cake\", \"Dumb Dumb\", \"Russian Roulette\", \"Rookie\", \"Peek-a-Boo\", \"Bad Boy\", and \"Psycho\" have all charted in the top five on Gaon Digital Chart, while their singles \"Red Flavor\" and \"Power Up\" topped the chart upon release. Additionally, they made their Japanese debut in July 2018 with the extended play #Cookie Jar.\nRegarded as one of the most popular K-pop groups worldwide by Time and Billboard, Red Velvet has received several awards for music, choreography, and popularity, including the Golden Disc New Artist Award in 2015 and the Mnet Asian Music Award for Best Female Group in 2017.", "Q241043": "Emmanuelle Devos (born 10 May 1964) is a French actress. She is the daughter of actress Marie Henriau. She won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress in 2002 for her performance in Sur mes l\u00e8vres, directed by Jacques Audiard. She has also been nominated further three times for the award. She was a member of the Jury for the Main Competition section at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q164535": "Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (; born Joseph-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Mobutu; 14 October 1930 \u2013 7 September 1997) was a Congolese politician and military officer who was the President of Zaire (renamed from the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1971) from 1965 to 1997. He also served as Chairman of the Organisation of African Unity from 1967 to 1968. During the Congo Crisis, Mobutu, serving as Chief of Staff of the Army and supported by Belgium and the United States, deposed the democratically elected government of nationalist Patrice Lumumba in 1960. Mobutu installed a government that arranged for Lumumba's execution in 1961, and continued to lead the country's armed forces until he took power directly in a second coup in 1965 to become the country's military dictator.\nTo consolidate his power, he established the Popular Movement of the Revolution as the sole legal political party in 1967, changed the Congo's name to Zaire in 1971, and his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko in 1972. Mobutu claimed that his political ideology was \"neither left nor right, nor even centre\" but in practice he developed a totalitarian regime, amassed vast personal wealth, and attempted to purge the country of all colonial cultural influence through his program of \"national authenticity\". He was the object of a pervasive cult of personality. During his reign, Mobutu amassed a large personal fortune through economic exploitation and corruption, leading some to call his rule a \"kleptocracy\". The nation suffered from uncontrolled inflation, a large debt, and massive currency devaluations.\nMobutu received strong support (military, diplomatic and economic) from the United States, France and Belgium, who saw him as the strongest pillar of anti-communism in Francophone Africa; he also built close ties with the governments of Apartheid South Africa, Israel and the Greek military junta. From 1972 onwards, he was also supported by Mao Zedong of China, mainly due to his anti-Soviet stance, but also as part of Mao's attempts to create a bloc of Afro-Asian nations led by him; the massive Chinese economic aid that flowed into Zaire allowed Mobutu more flexibility in his dealings with Western governments, gave him the chance to portray himself as an \"anti-capitalist revolutionary\", and enabled him to avoid going to the International Monetary Fund for assistance.By 1991, economic deterioration and unrest led him to agree to share power with opposition leaders, but he used the army to thwart change until May 1997, when rebel forces led by Laurent-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Kabila expelled him from the country. Already suffering from advanced prostate cancer, he died three months later in Morocco. Mobutu became notorious for corruption, nepotism, and the embezzlement of between US$4 billion and $15 billion during his reign. He was known for extravagances such as shopping trips to Paris via the supersonic and expensive Concorde. He presided over the country for more than three decades, a period of widespread human rights violations.", "Q1927705": "Trinity College is a private liberal arts college in Hartford, Connecticut. Founded as Washington College in 1823 as an alternative to Yale, it is the second-oldest college in the state of Connecticut.\nCoeducational since 1969, the college enrolls 2,300 students. Trinity offers 38 majors and 26 minors The college is a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC).", "Q95522": "Albert Brackmann (24 June 1871, Hanover \u2013 17 March 1952, Berlin-Dahlem) was a leading nationalist German historian associated with the Ostforschung, a multi-disciplined organisation set up to co-ordinate German propaganda on Eastern Europe. After Nazis were elected to power, he became one of the chief propagandists in service of the regime. In this position he supported Nazi genocidal policies, ethnic cleansing and anti-semitism.\nAt the conclusion of his university education in T\u00fcbingen, Leipzig, and G\u00f6ttingen, Brackmann joined, at the age of twenty-seven, the staff of MGH (Monumenta Germaniae Historica), the leading German source publication for medieval documents. He was appointed professor of history at K\u00f6nigsberg in 1913, Marburg in 1920, and Berlin in 1922. In 1929 he became the director general of the Prussian Privy State Archives, in Berlin-Dahlem. In connection with accepting the position he advocated for the establishment of a special Institute for Archival Sciences and Historical Training (Preu\u00dfisches Institut f\u00fcr Archivwissenschaft), to provide for the professional training of archivists; the institute, which came under the administration of the state archives, opened in Berlin-Dahlem in May 1930. Brackmann, in his capacity as director general of the archives, simultaneously served as the archival institute's first director, until his retirement in 1936. During his term at the archives he retained an honorary professorship at the University of Berlin.Originally a specialist in relations between the Holy Roman Empire and the Papacy, he turned towards the history of the Germans in Eastern Europe as a result of his experiences of the First World War. Politically right-wing, he was a member first of the DVP (German People's Party) and then of the DNVP (German National People's Party) during the Weimar Republic, and was joint editor of the prestigious and influential Historische Zeitschrift from 1928 to 1935.Favoured by leading Nazis, including Adolf Hitler himself, Brackmann steadily turned the Ostforschung away from detached academic work towards projects that fed directly into the wider foreign policy and expansionist aims being pursued by the Nazi government. In September 1939, he congratulated himself on heading a research organisation that had become the central agency \"for scholarly advice for the Foreign, Interior and Propaganda ministries, the army high command and a number of SS departments.\" He was also an author for the Ahnenerbe, a research body set up under the auspices of Heinrich Himmler, publishing a booklet entitled \"Crisis and Construction in Eastern Europe\" that questioned the historical validity of Poland as a nation by arguing that Mitteleuropa (Central Europe) was the original Lebensraum of the German nation.After the outbreak of World War II, Brackmann's work also extended to issues of Germanisation, and the removal of \"undesired ethnic elements\" from German domains. In this particular context he did much to promote the work of Otto Reche, professor of racial studies at the University of Leipzig, and a noted anti-Semite. Responding to Reche's appeal that Germany needed Raum (room), and not \"Polish lice in the fur\", Brackmann brought his argument for a strict definition of ethnicity to the attention of a number of different ministries. In essence, Reche argued that the Poles should be pushed eastwards further into Ukraine, whose population, in turn, would be pushed even further east.\nDefeat in the war produced only a temporary halt in Brackmann's academic work. In 1946 he was actively involved in the reconstruction of Ostforschung, and many of his pupils went on to occupy important academic positions in the German Federal Republic, with anti-communism replacing the former fashion for expansionism. Brackmann died in 1952, but the Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Ostforschung went on, amongst other things, to re-publish some of the work of the notoriously anti-Polish Dr Kurt L\u00fcck, who served as an SS-Sonderf\u00fchrer, before he was killed by Soviet partisans in 1942.\n\n", "Q1045098": "James Lawrence \"Bud\" Walton (December 20, 1921 \u2013 March 21, 1995) was the brother of Sam Walton and co-founder of Walmart.", "Q124111": "Gerd Heidemann (born 4 December 1931) is a German journalist best known for his role in the publication of purported Hitler Diaries that were subsequently proved to be forgeries.\nIn the 1970s, Heidemann bought the yacht Carin II, which had belonged to Hermann G\u00f6ring, met his daughter Edda G\u00f6ring and had an affair with her which lasted for five years. They entertained on the yacht and their guests included two Second World War generals, Karl Wolff and Wilhelm Mohnke.Heidemann came forward with his story of lost diaries written by Adolf Hitler in 1983. He sold the rights to the West German magazine Stern for DM 10,000,000 (then approximately US $6 million), along with his tale about how they had been hidden in a barn in East Germany for many years. Several experts, including the British historian Hugh Trevor-Roper, came forward to pronounce the diaries to be authentic. The diaries were exposed as fabrications and Heidemann was arrested, tried and sentenced in 1985 to four and a half years in prison for fraud. Konrad Kujau, who had forged the diary, as he had done previously with other fraudulent Hitler documents was also imprisoned. Heidemann had also stolen some of the money from Kujau; he was renting expensive residences, buying new cars and jewellery and buying more Nazi memorabilia.In 2002 it was revealed that Heidemann had worked for the Stasi, although he claimed he had been a double agent. In the BBC Radio 4 programme The Reunion broadcast on 7 September 2008, Heidemann vehemently denied that he had ever been a spy for the Stasi. In 2008, Heidemann was living in poverty.\n\nI am healthy. ...I am a pensioner and get \u20ac350 [\u00a3280] a month from the social security office. They also pay the rent, my health insurance and my old-age care insurance.\nHeidemann was portrayed in the 1991 television miniseries Selling Hitler by Welsh actor Jonathan Pryce.", "Q442711": "Bruno Pelletier (born August 7, 1962) is a Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois singer.", "Q69941": "Hans Kahle (22 April 1899 \u2013 1 September 1947) was a German journalist, anti-fascist, and head of the Volkspolizei in Mecklenburg.", "Q2321784": "Walthamstow ( or ) is a major district in North East London, the central settlement of the London Borough of Waltham Forest. It is located 7.5 miles (12.1 km) north-east of Charing Cross. Historically in the county of Essex, it significantly increased in population as part of the suburban growth of London and was incorporated as the Municipal Borough of Walthamstow in 1929 before becoming part of Greater London in 1965. Walthamstow is situated between the North Circular Road to the north, the Lea Valley and Walthamstow Reservoirs to the west, and Epping Forest to the east.", "Q172357": "Michael J. Fisher (born March 13, 1943 in Hollywood, California) is a former racecar driver from the United States. He participated in 2 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on August 27, 1967. He scored no championship points.", "Q434687": "John Richard Jefferies (6 November 1848 \u2013 14 August 1887) was an English nature writer, noted for his depiction of English rural life in essays, books of natural history, and novels. His childhood on a small Wiltshire farm had a great influence on him and provides the background to all his major works of fiction.\nJefferies's corpus of writings covers a range of genres and topics, including Bevis (1882), a classic children's book, and After London (1885), a work of science fiction. For much of his adult life he suffered from tuberculosis, and his struggles with the illness and with poverty also play a role in his writing. Jefferies valued and cultivated an intensity of feeling in his experience of the world around him, a cultivation that he describes in detail in The Story of My Heart (1883). This work, an introspective depiction of his thoughts and feelings about the world, gained him the reputation of a nature mystic at the time, but it is his success in conveying his awareness of nature and people within it, both in his fiction and in essay collections such as The Amateur Poacher (1879) and Round About a Great Estate (1880), that has drawn most admirers. Walter Besant wrote of his reaction on first reading Jefferies: \"Why, we must have been blind all our lives; here were the most wonderful things possible going on under our very noses, but we saw them not.\"", "Q152087": "Humboldt University of Berlin (German: Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany. It was established by Frederick William III on the initiative of Wilhelm von Humboldt, Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Ernst Daniel Schleiermacher as the University of Berlin (Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin) in 1809, and opened in 1810, making it the oldest of Berlin's four universities. From 1810 until its closure in 1945, it was named Friedrich Wilhelm University (German: Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t). During the Cold War the university found itself in East Berlin and was de facto split in two when the Free University of Berlin opened in West Berlin. The university received its current name in honour of Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt in 1949.The university is divided into nine faculties, including its medical school shared with the Free University of Berlin, has a student enrollment of around 32,000 students, and offers degree programmes in some 189 disciplines from undergraduate to postdoctorate level. Its main campus is located on the Unter den Linden boulevard in central Berlin. The university is known worldwide for pioneering the Humboldtian model of higher education, which has strongly influenced other European and Western universities.By some people it was regarded as the world's preeminent university for the natural sciences during the 19th and early 20th century, as the university is linked to major breakthroughs in physics and other sciences by its professors, such as Albert Einstein. Former faculty and notable alumni include eminent philosophers, sociologists, artists, lawyers, politicians, mathematicians, scientists, and Heads of State. Among them, the university has an association with 55 Nobel Laureates.Among its notable alumni, faculty and researchers are Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Max Weber, Georg Simmel, Otto von Bismarck, W. E. B. Du Bois, Angela Davis, Walter Benjamin, Karl Liebknecht, Arthur Schopenhauer, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Ernst Cassirer, Heinrich Heine, Albert Einstein, Max Planck.\nHumboldt University of Berlin has been conferred the title of \"University of Excellence\" under the German Universities Excellence Initiative.", "Q93153": "Armen Sarkissian (Armenian: \u0531\u0580\u0574\u0565\u0576 \u054e\u0561\u0580\u0564\u0561\u0576\u056b \u054d\u0561\u0580\u0563\u057d\u0575\u0561\u0576; born 23 June 1953) is an Armenian politician, physicist and computer scientist who has served as the President of Armenia since 2018. He served as Prime Minister of Armenia from 4 November 1996 to 20 March 1997 and previously was the country's (longest-serving) ambassador in London since 1998. Sarkissian was elected on 2 March 2018 and assumed the presidency on 9 April 2018.", "Q774": "Guatemala ( (listen) GWAH-t\u0259-MAH-l\u0259; Spanish: [gwate\u02c8mala] (listen)), officially the Republic of Guatemala (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de Guatemala), is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast, Honduras to the east, El Salvador to the southeast and the Pacific Ocean to the south. With an estimated population of around 17.2 million, it is the most populous country in Central America. Guatemala is a representative democracy; its capital and largest city is Nueva Guatemala de la Asunci\u00f3n, also known as Guatemala City.\nThe territory of modern Guatemala once formed the core of the Maya civilization, which extended across Mesoamerica. Most of the country was conquered by the Spanish in the 16th century, becoming part of the viceroyalty of New Spain. Guatemala attained independence in 1821 as part of the Federal Republic of Central America, which dissolved by 1841.\nFrom the mid- to late-19th century, Guatemala experienced chronic instability and civil strife. Beginning in the early 20th century, it was ruled by a series of dictators backed by the United Fruit Company and the United States government. In 1944, the authoritarian leader Jorge Ubico was overthrown by a pro-democratic military coup, initiating a decade-long revolution that led to sweeping social and economic reforms. A U.S.-backed military coup in 1954 ended the revolution and installed a dictatorship.From 1960 to 1996, Guatemala endured a bloody civil war fought between the US-backed government and leftist rebels, including genocidal massacres of the Maya population perpetrated by the military. Since a United Nations-negotiated peace accord, Guatemala has witnessed both economic growth and successful democratic elections, though it continues to struggle with high rates of poverty, crime, drug trade, and instability. As of 2014, Guatemala ranks 31st of 33 Latin American and Caribbean countries in terms of the Human Development Index.Guatemala's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems includes many endemic species and contributes to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot.", "Q463907": "To Joy (Swedish: Till gl\u00e4dje) is a 1950 Swedish film directed by Ingmar Bergman about a young married couple who play together in a Swedish orchestra.", "Q3388171": "Pietro Rizzuto (March 18, 1934 \u2013 August 3, 1997) (Italian: [\u02c8pj\u025b\u02d0tro rit\u02c8tsu\u02d0to]; was a Canadian politician.\nBorn in Cattolica Eraclea, Italy, he came to Canada at the age of 20. In 1963, he founded Inter State Paving Inc., a construction company.\nIn 1976, he was appointed to the Senate of Canada by Pierre Trudeau representing the senatorial division of Repentigny, Quebec. He was the first Canadian of Italian origin to be appointed to the Senate. He was an \"old and dear friend\" of Jean Chr\u00e9tien.\nHe was made a Grande Ufficiale of Italy's Order of Merit of the Republic.\nHe was married to Pina and had three children: Melina, Alfonso, and Maria Christina. He died in Montreal in 1997.", "Q316641": "Joel Grey (born Joel David Katz; April 11, 1932) is an American actor, singer, dancer, director, and photographer. He is best known for portraying the Master of Ceremonies in the Kander & Ebb musical Cabaret on Broadway as well as in the 1972 film adaptation. He has won an Academy Award, Tony Award, and Golden Globe Award.\nHe also originated the role of George M. Cohan in the musical George M! in 1968 and the Wizard of Oz in the musical Wicked. He also starred as Moonface Martin and Amos Hart in the Broadway revivals of Anything Goes and Chicago, respectively.", "Q347368": "Felipe Andres Coronel (born February 19, 1978), better known by the stage name Immortal Technique, is a Peruvian American hip hop recording artist and activist. Most of his lyrics focus on controversial issues in global politics, from a radical left-wing perspective.\nImmortal Technique seeks to retain control over his production, and has stated in his music that record companies, not artists themselves, profit the most from mass production and marketing of music. He claimed in an interview to have sold close to a combined total of 200,000 copies of his first three official releases.", "Q232085": "Niatia Jessica Kirkland (born October 4, 1989), better known by her stage name Lil Mama, is an American rapper, singer, actress and television personality from Brooklyn, New York and Harlem, New York. She experienced top 10 Billboard placements at seventeen with her debut album VYP (Voice of the Young People) which sold 19,000 copies in its first week. The album spawned her four major singles including her staple song and dance anthem \"Lip Gloss\", earning her two Teen Choice Awards and Monster Single of the Year nominations at the MTV VMA's. Lil Mama has sold over 1 million records worldwide. Lil Mama gained further attention in Pop music after a collaboration with Avril Lavigne, for the song \"Girlfriend\u201d.\nLil Mama took a hiatus from music after success of her hit single \"Hustler Girl\" to stay focused on serving as a judge for total of seven seasons on MTV's America's Best Dance Crew at the age of nineteen from 2008-2012, which made her one of the youngest judges on any competitive television show in history. Working with producer and fellow judge Randy Jackson, she served alongside JC Chasez, Shane Sparks, Mario Lopez, and Layla Kayleigh.\nShe was cast in her breakout role of the late Hip-Hop artist Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopes, in the VH1 biographical film CrazySexyCool: The TLC Story, which aired in October 2013 and garnered 4.5 million views in the first night. From the success of the film, Lil Mama joined TLC (group) on their tour for their Greatest Hits album. She got the opportunity to perform a tribute to the late rapper at the 2013 American Music Awards performing the Grammy Award winning song \"Waterfalls\".\nLil Mama continued to remain in the public eye, returning to music, making new tracks with fellow rapper MC Lyte on her single \"Ball\". She made Billboard history again with her song \"Sausage\" at the BET Awards. She appeared on multiple magazine covers and was back in television with Growing Up Hip Hop: Atlanta.\nOn June 13, 2019, she starred in the movie All In, alongside Traci Braxton.", "Q127430": "King Kong Escapes, released in Japan as King Kong's Counterattack (\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30b3\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u9006\u8972, Kingu Kongu no Gyakush\u016b), is a 1967 Japanese-American science-fiction kaiju film featuring King Kong, co-produced by Toho and Rankin/Bass. The film was directed by Ishir\u014d Honda with special effects by Eiji Tsuburaya and stars Rhodes Reason, Linda Jo Miller, Akira Takarada, Mie Hama, Eisei Amamoto, with Haruo Nakajima as King Kong and Y\u016b Sekida as Mechani-Kong and Gorosaurus. The film is a loose adaptation of the Rankin/Bass Productions Saturday morning cartoon series The King Kong Show and was the second and final Toho-produced film featuring King Kong. King Kong Escapes was released in Japan on July 22, 1967 and released in the United States on June 19, 1968.", "Q1277910": "Sergej Trifunovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0458 \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, pronounced [s\u025b\u030cr\u0261\u025b\u02d0j trif\u01d4\u02d0n\u0254\u028bit\u0255]; born 2 September 1972) is a Serbian actor, comedian, singer, politician and citizen activist.In 2014, he founded a charity foundation Podr\u017ei \u017eivot (Support Life), that helps underprivileged children with serious medical condition to get adequate treatment. He is the current president of Movement of Free Citizens.\n\n", "Q178134": "The Isley Brothers () are an American musical group originally from Cincinnati, Ohio, that started as a vocal trio consisting of brothers O'Kelly Isley Jr., Rudolph Isley and Ronald Isley in the 1950s. With a career spanning over seven decades, the group has been cited as having enjoyed one of the \"longest, most influential, and most diverse careers in the pantheon of popular music\".Together with a fourth brother, Vernon, the group performed gospel music until Vernon's death a few years after its formation. After moving to the New York City area in the late 1950s, the group had their first successes during these early years, first coming to prominence in 1959 with their fourth single, \"Shout\", written by the three brothers. Initially a modest charted single, the song eventually sold over a million copies. In the 1960s, the group recorded songs for a variety of labels, including the top 20 single \"Twist and Shout\" and the Motown single \"This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You)\", before recording and issuing the Grammy Award-winning hit \"It's Your Thing\" on their own label, T-Neck Records.\nInfluenced by gospel and doo-wop music, the group began experimenting with different musical styles incorporating elements of rock and funk as well as pop balladry. The inclusion of younger brothers Ernie Isley (lead guitar, drums) and Marvin Isley (bass guitar), and Rudolph's brother-in-law Chris Jasper (keyboards, synthesizers), in 1973 turned the original vocal trio into a complete band and reached the height of their success. For the next full decade, they recorded a string of top-selling albums from 3 + 3 to Between the Sheets, including the number one album The Heat Is On.\nThe six-member band splintered in 1983, with Ernie, Marvin, and Chris Jasper forming the short-lived spinoff group Isley-Jasper-Isley. The oldest member, O'Kelly, died in 1986 and Rudolph and Ronald released a pair of albums as a duo before Rudolph retired to a life in the Christian ministry in 1989. Ronald reconvened the group two years later in 1991 with Ernie and Marvin; five years later, in 1996, Marvin Isley left the group due to complications of diabetes. The remaining duo of Ronald and Ernie achieved mainstream success with the albums Mission to Please (1996), Eternal (2001) and Body Kiss (2003). Eternal spawned the top twenty hit \"Contagious\". As of 2019, the Isley Brothers continue to perform under the lineup of Ronald and Ernie.\nThe Isley Brothers have sold over 18 million units in the United States alone.[1] They have had several hit songs including four Top 10 singles on the United States Billboard chart. With their first major hit charting in 1959 (\"Shout\"), and their last one in 2001 (\"Contagious\"), they are among the few groups ever to have hit the Billboard Hot 100 with new music in five different decades. Sixteen of their albums charted in the Top 40 and thirteen of those albums have been certified gold, platinum or multi-platinum by the RIAA. The brothers have been honored by several musical institutions, including the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, which inducted them in 1992. Five years later, they were added to Hollywood's Rockwalk, and in 2003 they were inducted to the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. They received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2014.", "Q111182": "Hinrich Bitter-Suermann (born March 10, 1940) is a German-Canadian pathologist and Professor of Surgery specialized in organ transplantation.", "Q131252": "The University of Chicago (UChicago, U of C, or Chicago) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 1890, the school is located on a 217-acre (88-hectare) campus in Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood. The University of Chicago is ranked among the top ten universities in various national and international rankings.The university is composed of the undergraduate college as well as various graduate programs and interdisciplinary committees organized into five academic research divisions. Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is also well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the Divinity School and the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies, as well as the recently launched Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering. The university has additional campuses and centers in London, Paris, Beijing, Delhi, and Hong Kong, as well as in downtown Chicago.University of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of many academic disciplines, including economics, law, literary criticism, mathematics, religion, sociology, and the behavioralism school of political science, establishing the Chicago schools in various fields. Chicago's Metallurgical Laboratory produced the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction in Chicago Pile-1 beneath the viewing stands of the university's Stagg Field. The university research efforts include administration of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and Argonne National Laboratory, as well as the Marine Biological Laboratory. The university is also home to the University of Chicago Press, the largest university press in the United States. The Barack Obama Presidential Center is expected to be housed at the university and include both the Obama presidential library and offices of the Obama Foundation. The university is also home to Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House, a World Heritage Site.\nThe University of Chicago has produced many prominent alumni, faculty members and researchers. As of October 2019, 100 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with the university as professors, students, faculty, or staff, making it a university with one of the highest concentrations of Nobel laureates in the world. Similarly, 34 faculty members and 18 alumni have been awarded the MacArthur \"Genius Grant\". In addition, as of 2018, UChicago's alumni and faculty include 54 Rhodes Scholars, 26 Marshall Scholars, 9 Fields Medalists, 4 Turing Award Winners, 25 Pulitzer Prize winners, 20 National Humanities Medalists, 16 billionaire graduates and a plethora of members of the United States Congress and heads of state of countries all over the world.", "Q515113": "Timothy DuPron Hauser (December 12, 1941 \u2013 October 16, 2014) was a singer and founding member of the vocal group The Manhattan Transfer. He won ten Grammy Awards as a member of The Manhattan Transfer.", "Q9610": "Bengali (), also known by its endonym Bangla (\u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be [\u02c8ba\u014bla]), is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken by the Bengalis in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, presently divided between Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam's Barak Valley (lower Assam). It is the official and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh and second most widely spoken of the 22 scheduled languages of India, behind Hindi. With approximately 228 million native speakers and another 37 million as second language speakers, Bengali is the fifth most-spoken native language and the seventh most spoken language by total number of speakers in the world.The official and de facto national language of Bangladesh is Modern Standard Bengali (Literary Bengali). It serves as the lingua franca of the nation, with 98% of Bangladeshis being fluent in Bengali as their first language. Within India, Bengali is the official language of the states of West Bengal, Tripura and the Barak Valley region of the state of Assam. It is the most widely spoken language in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal, and is spoken by significant populations in other states including in Arunachal Pradesh, Delhi, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Uttarakhand. Bengali is also spoken by the significant global Bengali diaspora (Bangladeshi diaspora and Indian Bengalis) communities in Pakistan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Middle East.Bengali has developed over the course of more than 1,300 years. Bengali literature, with its millennium-old literary history, has extensively developed since the Bengali Renaissance and is one of the most prolific and diverse literary traditions in Asia. The Bengali language movement from 1948 to 1956 demanding Bengali to be an official language of Pakistan fostered Bengali nationalism in East Bengal leading to the emergence of Bangladesh in 1971. In 1999, UNESCO recognised 21 February as International Mother Language Day in recognition of the language movement. The Bengali language is the quintessential element of Bengali identity and binds together a culturally diverse region. Modern Standard Bengali is confined mostly to formal situations, existing in a diglossic relationship with vernacular Bengali varieties, which are commonly used for everyday speech in different geographic regions.", "Q86210": "Andreas Wisniewski (born 3 July 1959) is a German actor and former dancer. He is best known for his portrayals of Necros in the 1987 Bond film The Living Daylights, Max's henchman in the 1996 film Mission: Impossible, and as one of Hans Gruber's (Alan Rickman) henchmen, Tony, Die Hard, in 1988.", "Q2378801": "Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS) (Russian: \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 I, abbreviated \u041f\u0413\u0423\u041f\u0421) is a higher education institution specializing in railway transport. \nBefore 1990 it was known as \"Leningrad Institute of Railway Engineers\". The main building is located on Moskovsky Prospekt, number 9.\nThe University provides training in specialties and areas of bachelor and master training.\nEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University is an academic partner of the Center for international logistics of Russian Railways and Deutsche Bahn AG.", "Q2089840": "Gustavo Colonnetti (8 November 1886 \u2013 20 March 1968) was an Italian mathematician and engineer who made important contributions to continuum mechanics and strength of materials. He was a Rector of the Politecnico di Torino and President of CNR (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche). His theories found important applications in modern techniques of construction, such as pre-stressed concrete.He is remembered for Colonnetti's theorem (or Colonnetti's minimum principle) which states that in equilibrium the potential energy function W* is minimized.\n\n", "Q187686": "Brute Force (aka Zelle R 17) is a 1947 American crime film noir directed by Jules Dassin, from a screenplay by Richard Brooks with cinematography by William H. Daniels. It stars Burt Lancaster, Hume Cronyn and Charles Bickford.This was among several noir films made by Dassin during the postwar period. The others were Thieves' Highway, Night and the City and The Naked City.", "Q78864": "Lujo Ton\u010di\u0107-Sorinj (Croatian pronunciation: [luj\u0254 t\u0254nt\u0283it\u0255 s\u0254ri\u0272]) (12 April 1915 \u2013 20 May 2005) was an Austrian diplomat and politician of the conservative Austrian People's Party (\u00d6VP). He served as Foreign Minister from 1966 to 1968 and as Secretary General of the Council of Europe from 1969 to 1974.", "Q66482": "Kallnach (French: Chouchignies) is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipality of Golaten merged into the municipality of Kallnach.", "Q173061": "Roger Keith \"Syd\" Barrett (6 January 1946 \u2013 7 July 2006) was an English singer, songwriter, and musician who co-founded the rock band Pink Floyd in 1965. Characterised for his English-accented singing and free-form writing style, Barrett named the group and was their original lead singer, guitarist and principal songwriter. His innovative use of guitar techniques, such as dissonance, distortion and feedback, proved influential to many musicians.\nBarrett was musically active for less than ten years. With Pink Floyd, he recorded four singles, their debut album The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (1967), portions of their second album A Saucerful of Secrets (1968), and several unreleased songs. In April 1968, Barrett was ousted from the band amid speculation of mental illness and his excessive use of psychedelic drugs. He began his solo career in 1969 with the single \"Octopus\" from his first solo album The Madcap Laughs (1970). The album was recorded over the course of a year with five different producers, including former Pink Floyd bandmates David Gilmour and Roger Waters. He recorded and released one more album, Barrett (1970), also produced by Gilmour, with contributions from Pink Floyd keyboardist Richard Wright.\nIn 1972, Barrett left the music industry, retired from public life and strictly guarded his privacy until his death. He continued painting and dedicated himself to gardening. Pink Floyd recorded several tributes and homages to him, including the 1975 song suite \"Shine On You Crazy Diamond\" and the 1979 rock opera The Wall. In 1988, EMI released an album of unreleased tracks and outtakes, Opel, with Barrett's approval. He died of pancreatic cancer in 2006.", "Q984": "Stella Maria Sarah Miles Franklin, known as Miles Franklin (14 October 1879 \u2013 19 September 1954) was an Australian writer and feminist who is best known for her novel My Brilliant Career, published by Blackwoods of Edinburgh in 1901. While she wrote throughout her life, her other major literary success, All That Swagger, was not published until 1936.\nShe was committed to the development of a uniquely Australian form of literature, and she actively pursued this goal by supporting writers, literary journals, and writers' organisations. She has had a long-lasting impact on Australian literary life through her endowment of a major annual prize for literature about \"Australian Life in any of its phases\", the Miles Franklin Award. Her impact was further recognised in 2013 with the creation of the Stella Prize, awarded annually for the best work of literature by an Australian woman.\n\n", "Q313739": "John Kennedy Toole (; December 17, 1937 \u2013 March 26, 1969) was an American novelist from New Orleans, Louisiana, whose posthumously published novel A Confederacy of Dunces won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. He also wrote The Neon Bible. Although several people in the literary world felt his writing skills were praiseworthy, Toole's novels were rejected during his lifetime. After suffering from paranoia and depression due in part to these failures, he died by suicide at the age of 31.\nToole was born to a middle-class family in New Orleans. From a young age, his mother, Thelma, taught him an appreciation of culture. She was thoroughly involved in his affairs for most of his life, and at times they had a difficult relationship. With his mother's encouragement, Toole became a stage performer at the age of 10 doing comic impressions and acting. At 16 he wrote his first novel, The Neon Bible, which he later dismissed as \"adolescent\".Toole received an academic scholarship to Tulane University in New Orleans. After graduating from Tulane, he studied English at Columbia University in New York while teaching simultaneously at Hunter College. He also taught at various Louisiana colleges, and during his early career as an academic he was valued on the faculty party circuit for his wit and gift for mimicry. His studies were interrupted when he was drafted into the army, where he taught English to Spanish-speaking recruits in San Juan, Puerto Rico. After receiving a promotion, he used his private office to begin writing A Confederacy of Dunces, which he finished at his parents' home after his discharge.\nDunces is a picaresque novel featuring the misadventures of protagonist Ignatius J. Reilly, a lazy, obese, misanthropic, self-styled scholar who lives at home with his mother. It is hailed for its accurate depictions of New Orleans dialects. Toole based Reilly in part on his college professor friend Bob Byrne. Byrne's slovenly, eccentric behavior was anything but professorial, and Reilly mirrored him in these respects. The character was also based on Toole himself, and several personal experiences served as inspiration for passages in the novel. While at Tulane, Toole filled in for a friend at a job as a hot tamale cart vendor, and worked at a family owned and operated clothing factory. Both of these experiences were later adopted into his fiction.\nToole submitted Dunces to publisher Simon & Schuster, where it reached editor Robert Gottlieb. Gottlieb considered Toole talented but felt his comic novel was essentially pointless. Despite several revisions, Gottlieb remained unsatisfied, and after the book was rejected by another literary figure, Hodding Carter Jr., Toole shelved the novel. Suffering from depression and feelings of persecution, Toole left home on a journey around the country. He stopped in Biloxi, Mississippi, to end his life by running a garden hose in from the exhaust of his car to the cabin. Some years later, his mother brought the manuscript of Dunces to the attention of novelist Walker Percy, who ushered the book into print. In 1981, Toole was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.", "Q59672": "William Arnold Ridley, OBE (7 January 1896 \u2013 12 March 1984) was an English playwright and actor, earlier in his career known for writing the play The Ghost Train and later in life for portraying the elderly Private Godfrey in the British sitcom Dad's Army (1968\u20131977).", "Q380145": "Krishna Prasad Bhattarai (Nepali: \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930\u093e\u0908; 13 December 1924 \u2013 4 March 2011) also known as Kishunji was a Nepalese political leader. He was one of the main leaders involved in transitioning Nepal from an absolute monarchy to a democratic multi-party system.\nBhattarai became Prime Minister of Nepal in April 1990 after a popular democratic movement referred as Jana-Andolan.\nBhattarai was twice the Prime Minister of Nepal, once heading the Interim Government from 19 April 1990 to 26 May 1991, and then as elected Prime Minister from 31 May 1999 to 22 March 2000.\nBhattarai was the officiating President of the Nepali Congress for nearly 26 years from 12 February 1976, and was elected to the post of president of party in 1988 till 1992. He participated in the democratic movement of Nepal from its inception. The Constitution of Nepal (1990) was promulgated while he was interim Prime Minister and he was credited for successfully holding the parliamentary election in 1990, a milestone in Nepalese political history.", "Q507517": "Rochester ( ROTCH-iss-t\u0259r) is a town and was a historic city in the unitary authority of Medway in Kent, England. It is at the lowest bridging point of the River Medway about 30 miles (50 km) from London.\nRochester was for many years a favourite of Charles Dickens, who owned nearby Gads Hill Place, Higham, basing many of his novels on the area. The Diocese of Rochester, the second oldest in England, is centred on Rochester Cathedral and was responsible for the founding of a school, now The King's School in 604 AD, which is recognised as being the second oldest continuously running school in the world. Rochester Castle, built by Bishop Gundulf of Rochester, has one of the best preserved keeps in either England or France, and during the First Barons' War (1215\u20131217) in King John's reign, baronial forces captured the castle from Archbishop Stephen Langton and held it against the king, who then besieged it.Rochester and its neighbours, Chatham and Gillingham, Strood and a number of outlying villages form a single large urban area known as the Medway Towns with a population of about 250,000. These places nowadays make up the Medway Unitary Authority area. It was, until 1998, under the control of Kent County Council and is still part of the ceremonial county of Kent, under the latest Lieutenancies Act.\n\n", "Q315348": "Carl Andre (born September 16, 1935) is an American minimalist artist recognized for his ordered linear format and grid format sculptures. His sculptures range from large public artworks (such as Stone Field Sculpture, 1977 in Hartford, Connecticut and Lament for the Children, 1976 in Long Island City, New York) to more intimate tile patterns arranged on the floor of an exhibition space (such as 144 Lead Square, 1969 or Twenty-fifth Steel Cardinal, 1974). \nIn 1988, Andre was tried and acquitted in the death of his wife, artist Ana Mendieta.\n\n", "Q465386": "Jean-Laurent-Frederick Longuet (1876\u20131938) was a French socialist politician and journalist. He was Karl Marx's grandson.\n\n", "Q1281738": "Richard Samet \"Kinky\" Friedman (born November 1, 1944) is an American singer, songwriter, novelist, humorist, politician, defender of stray animals, and former columnist for Texas Monthly who styles himself in the mold of popular American satirists Will Rogers and Mark Twain.Friedman was one of two independent candidates in the 2006 election for the office of Governor of Texas. Receiving 12.6% of the vote, Friedman placed fourth in the six-person race.\n\n", "Q123130": "Marko Asell (born 8 May 1970 in Yl\u00f6j\u00e4rvi) is a Finnish wrestler and Olympic medalist in Greco-Roman wrestling. He was also a politician and member of Finnish Parliament in 2007\u20132011.", "Q206446": "Christian Lous Lange (17 September 1869 \u2013 11 December 1938) was a Norwegian historian, teacher, and political scientist. He was one of the world's foremost exponents of the theory and practice of internationalism.\nHe was born in Stavanger; his father was a military engineer and he was the grandson of the historian Christian C. A. Lange. He graduated from secondary school in 1887 and proceeded to travel and study history, English, and French at the University of Oslo, from which he received the cand. philol. degree in 1893. He taught at secondary schools for many years and eventually returned to the University of Oslo to receive a doctorate.\nIn 1899, he had his first official role in the internationalist movement when he was appointed secretary of the committee organizing an Oslo conference of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, an organization dedicated to fostering discussion between parliamentarians of different countries. The next year, he was made secretary of the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Parliament and, although he gave up the position in 1909, he would play a key role in the early days of the Norwegian Nobel Institute. During this time he was the Norwegian technical delegate to the Second Hague Peace Conference.\nLange rejoined the Inter-Parliamentary Union in 1909 when he was appointed secretary general of the organization, a position he would retain until 1933. As secretary general he oversaw the Union's move to Brussels, sustained it in Oslo through the challenging times of World War I, then moved it again to Geneva after the war. He remained active in numerous other organizations as well, acting as Norway's delegate or alternate delegate to the League of Nations from its founding until 1938, writing reports and acting as a correspondent for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and participating in the Dutch sponsored Central Organisation for Durable Peace, among other activities. He was often called upon for his expertise in arbitration and arms control, in particular.\nHis intellectual support of internationalism was demonstrated by the first of a three volume historical treatise (Histoire de l'internationalisme). The work, published in 1919, was said to contribute to the ideological preparation for the League of Nations. For this and all his other activities, Lange shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Hjalmar Branting in 1921.\nLange died at the age of 69, one day after the 17th anniversary of his receipt of the Nobel Prize. He was the father of Carl Viggo Manthey Lange, Halvard Lange and Christian August Manthey Lange.\nHis daughter Thora was a history and language teacher, from 1938 at Oslo Cathedral School. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany she joined the resistance movement while her husband went in exile. She was imprisoned at Grini concentration camp in September 1943, but fell ill and died at Ullev\u00e5l Hospital in December.Lange was a member of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights.\n\n", "Q70586": "Lussery-Villars is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Gros-de-Vaud. On 1 January 1999, Lussery and Villars-Lussery were united to form the municipality.", "Q1167563": "The Bucharest University of Economic Studies (Romanian: Academia de Studii Economice din Bucure\u0219ti, abbreviated ASE) is a public university in Bucharest, Romania. Founded in 1913 as the Academy of Higher-level Commercial and Industrial Studies (Academia de \u00cenalte Studii Comerciale \u0219i Industriale (AISCI)), it has become one of the largest economic higher education institutes in both Romania and South-Eastern Europe. The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies is classified as an advanced research and education university by the Ministry of Education. It is one of the five members of the Universitaria Consortium (the group of elite Romanian universities).", "Q414219": "The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna (German: Akademie der bildenden K\u00fcnste Wien) is a public art school of higher education in Vienna, Austria. The Academy is famous outside the arts community for rejecting Adolf Hitler twice (in 1907 and 1908), because of his \"unfitness for painting\" (see also, Paintings by Adolf Hitler).", "Q237843": "Ashley Jensen (born 11 August 1969) is a Scottish actress and narrator. She was nominated for an Emmy for her role on the television series Extras, in which she appeared from 2005 to 2007. She was also a cast member of the ABC series Ugly Betty and the short-lived CBS sitcom Accidentally on Purpose. She also plays the main character in the comedy-drama detective television series Agatha Raisin.", "Q50656": "Zacharie Astruc (23 February 1833 in Angers \u2013 24 May 1907 in Paris) was a French sculptor, painter, poet, and art critic.\nHe was an important figure in the cultural life of France in the second half of the 19th century, and participated in the first Impressionist exhibition of 1874 and also in the Exposition Universelle of 1900. As an art critic, writing primarily between 1859\u201372, he was a strong defender of Courbet, and was one of the first to recognize the talent of Manet. He also defended Monet, Whistler, Carolus-Duran, Fantin-Latour, and Alphonse Legros.\nHe appears in the famous painting of Henri Fantin-Latour, A Studio at Les Batignolles, where he is seated next to Manet, who is shown painting his portrait. Astruc is generally credited with titling Manet's painting Olympia since an excerpt from an Astruc poem was included in the catalogue entry with the piece when it was exhibited at the 1865 Salon.Astruc was a hispanophile, well versed in the art and literature of Spain. After his own trip to Spain in 1864, he helped prepare the itinerary for Manet's only trip to Spain in 1865. Astruc helped to promote a widespread revival of interest in El Greco's paintings. Astruc was also a leading figure in the Japonism movement in France in the 1860s and '70s, publishing, among other writings, three pivotal articles on Japonism in the Parisian newspaper, L'Etendard, in 1867\u201368.", "Q271816": "Alona Kimhi (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05dc\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e7\u05de\u05d7\u05d9\u200e) (born 1966) is an Israeli award-winning author and former actress.\n\n", "Q5994": "The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by felt hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings.\nThe word piano is a shortened form of pianoforte, the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from gravicembalo col piano e forte and fortepiano. The Italian musical terms piano and forte indicate \"soft\" and \"loud\" respectively, in this context referring to the variations in volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack. The name was created as a contrast to harpsichord, a musical instrument that does not allow variation in volume; compared to the harpsichord, the first fortepianos in the 1700s had a quieter sound and smaller dynamic range.An acoustic piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings, which are strung under great tension on a heavy metal frame. Pressing one or more keys on the piano's keyboard causes a padded hammer (typically padded with firm felt) to strike the strings. The hammer rebounds from the strings, and the strings continue to vibrate at their resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies by more efficiently coupling the acoustic energy to the air. When the key is released, a damper stops the strings' vibration, ending the sound. Notes can be sustained, even when the keys are released by the fingers and thumbs, by the use of pedals at the base of the instrument. The sustain pedal enables pianists to play musical passages that would otherwise be impossible, such as sounding a 10-note chord in the lower register and then, while this chord is being continued with the sustain pedal, shifting both hands to the treble range to play a melody and arpeggios over the top of this sustained chord. Unlike the pipe organ and harpsichord, two major keyboard instruments widely used before the piano, the piano allows gradations of volume and tone according to how forcefully or softly a performer presses or strikes the keys.\nMost modern pianos have a row of 88 black and white keys, 52 white keys for the notes of the C major scale (C, D, E, F, G, A and B) and 36 shorter black keys, which are raised above the white keys, and set further back on the keyboard. This means that the piano can play 88 different pitches (or \"notes\"), going from the deepest bass range to the highest treble. The black keys are for the \"accidentals\" (F\u266f/G\u266d, G\u266f/A\u266d, A\u266f/B\u266d, C\u266f/D\u266d, and D\u266f/E\u266d), which are needed to play in all twelve keys. More rarely, some pianos have additional keys (which require additional strings). Most notes have three strings, except for the bass, which graduates from one to two. The strings are sounded when keys are pressed or struck, and silenced by dampers when the hands are lifted from the keyboard. Although an acoustic piano has strings, it is usually classified as a percussion instrument rather than as a stringed instrument, because the strings are struck rather than plucked (as with a harpsichord or spinet); in the Hornbostel\u2013Sachs system of instrument classification, pianos are considered chordophones. There are two main types of piano: the grand piano and the upright piano. The grand piano is used for Classical concerto solos, chamber music, and art song, and it is often used in jazz and pop concerts. The upright piano, which is more compact, is the most popular type, as it is a better size for use in private homes for domestic music-making and practice. Upright pianos are also widely used in elementary and secondary schools, music school practice rooms, and in smaller churches.\nDuring the 1800s, influenced by the musical trends of the Romantic music era, innovations such as the cast iron frame (which allowed much greater string tensions) and aliquot stringing gave grand pianos a more powerful sound, with a longer sustain and richer tone. In the nineteenth century, a family's piano played the same role that a radio or phonograph played in the twentieth century; when a nineteenth-century family wanted to hear a newly published musical piece or symphony, they could hear it by having a family member play a simplified version on the piano. During the nineteenth century, music publishers produced many types of musical works (symphonies, opera overtures, waltzes, etc.) in arrangements for piano, so that music lovers could play and hear the popular pieces of the day in their home. The piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, and for composing, songwriting and rehearsals. Although the piano is very heavy and thus not portable and is expensive (in comparison with other widely used accompaniment instruments, such as the acoustic guitar), its musical versatility (i.e., its wide pitch range, ability to play chords, louder or softer notes and two or more independent musical lines at the same time), the large number of musicians and amateurs trained in playing it, and its wide availability in performance venues, schools and rehearsal spaces have made it one of the Western world's most familiar musical instruments.", "Q57139": "Johann Baptist Joseph Maximilian Reger (19 March 1873 \u2013 11 May 1916), commonly known as Max Reger, was a German composer, pianist, organist, conductor, and academic teacher. He worked as a concert pianist, as a musical director at the Leipzig University Church, as a professor at the Royal Conservatory in Leipzig, and as a music director at the court of Duke Georg II of Saxe-Meiningen.\nReger first composed mainly Lieder, chamber music, choral music and works for piano and organ. He later turned to orchestral compositions, such as the popular Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Mozart (1914), and to works for choir and orchestra such as Gesang der Verkl\u00e4rten (1903), Der 100. Psalm (1909), Der Einsiedler and the Hebbel Requiem (both 1915).", "Q343668": "Action Jackson is a 1988 American action film directed by Craig R. Baxley in his feature film directorial debut, and starring Carl Weathers, Vanity, Craig T. Nelson and Sharon Stone. The film was released in the United States on 12 February 1988.\nPaula Abdul was the film choreographer. The film was released by Lorimar Film Entertainment. Vanity was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award as Worst Actress. The film received negative reviews.", "Q4893324": "Bernard Kinsey is a Los Angeles philanthropist and entrepreneur with a passion for African-American history and art of the 19th and 20h centuries. He and his wife, Shirley, have been called \"one of the most admired and respected couples in Los Angeles.\" They are known for espousing two life principles, \u201cTo whom much is given much is required\" and live \u201cA life of no regrets\u201d. The couple have one son, Khalil, who is the general manager and curator of The Kinsey African American Art and History Collection and foundation.", "Q125541": "Margrit L\u00e4ubli (born 3 April 1928) is a Swiss dancer, stage, television and film actress, comedian, cabarettist and radio personality, starring usually in Swiss German language productions.", "Q1607966": "Kris Defoort is a Belgian avant-garde jazz pianist and composer. He was born on 30 November 1959 in Bruges. He also teaches at the Brussels conservatory. His brother is Bart Defoort (saxophonist and composer).\nHe entered in 1978 the Antwerp conservatory to study early music and recorder. He graduated 4 years later and he then decided to study contemporary music and jazz at the Li\u00e8ge conservatory. Frederic Rzewski, Henri Pousseur and Garrett List were among his teachers. In 1986 Defoort released his first recording with his quintet Diva Smiles. The next year, he went to New York to study at New York Long Island University, Brooklyn. He recorded there with Vincent Herring and Jack DeJohnette. On his return in 1991, he founded his own ensemble named K.D.'s Pretty Big Basement Party. The following year, he recorded the first CD for De Werf label (based in Bruges) with K. D.'s Basement Party. They toured in France, Belgium and the Netherlands in 1991 and then released a CD called \"Sketches of Belgium\" the next year, a reference to Miles Davis's \"Sketches of Spain\". The album, the first edited by De Werf, included an instrumental cover of Sting's Roxanne as well as two songs written by Thelonious Monk. In 1995 Defoort composed (with Fabrizio Cassol) the Variations on a Love Supreme. Defoort took part in the Octurn project in 1996 (he had already composed their 1994 album) and began to play with Mark Turner. A year later he recorded with Aka Moon on Elohim. He then formed a new ensemble (Dreamtime). He also has his own quartet with Mark Turner (tenor saxophone), Nicolas Thys (bass guitar and double bass) and Jim Black (drums).", "Q173707": "Mike Salay (born Michael Szalai June 10, 1909; died November 19, 1973) was an American racecar driver from South Bend, Indiana. Salay made eight starts in AAA Championship Car in 1948 and 1949 including the 1948 Indianapolis 500. He attempted to qualify again in 1949 but failed to do so. His best finish was sixth at Trenton Speedway in 1949. In 1950 he attempted the June Milwaukee Mile race and failed to qualify. He entered the 1951 Indianapolis 500 but wrecked his car in a practice crash.", "Q580478": "DeKalb is a city in DeKalb County, Illinois, United States. The population was 43,862 according to the 2010 census, up from 39,018 at the 2000 census. The city is named after decorated Franconian-French war hero Johann de Kalb, who died during the American Revolutionary War.\nFounded in 1856, DeKalb became important in the development and manufacture of barbed wire, especially for agriculture and raising livestock. While agricultural related industries remain a facet of the city, together with health and services, the city's largest employer in the 21st century is Northern Illinois University founded in DeKalb in 1895. Located about 50 miles from Chicago, the city is part of the Chicago metropolitan area.", "Q86576": "Karl Friedrich Max von M\u00fcller (June 16, 1873 \u2013 March 11, 1923) was captain of a famous German commerce raider, the light cruiser SMS Emden during the First World War.\n\n", "Q168441": "Ir\u00e8ne N\u00e9mirovsky (French: [i\u0281\u025bn nemi\u0281\u0254fski]; 24 February 1903 \u2013 17 August 1942) was a novelist of Ukrainian Jewish origin born in Kiev Ukraine under the Russian Empire; she lived more than half her life in France, and wrote in French, but was denied French citizenship. Arrested as a Jew under the racial laws \u2013 which did not take into account her conversion to Roman Catholicism \u2013 she died at Auschwitz at the age of 39. N\u00e9mirovsky is best known for the posthumously published Suite fran\u00e7aise.", "Q159844": "Willem Frederik \"Wim\" Duisenberg (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8\u028b\u026al\u0259m \u02c8fre\u02d0d\u0259r\u026ak \u028b\u026am \u02c8d\u0153ys\u0259(m)b\u025br(\u0259)x] (listen); 9 July 1935 \u2013 31 July 2005) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and economist. He served as President of the European Central Bank from 1 June 1998 until 1 November 2003.\nDuisenberg attended a Gymnasium in Heerenveen from May 1947 until June 1953. Duisenberg applied at the University of Groningen in June 1954 majoring in Economics and obtaining an Bachelor of Economics degree in June 1956 before graduating with an Master of Economics degree in July 1961. Duisenberg worked as a researcher at the University of Groningen from July 1961 until September 1965 and got an doctorate as an Doctor of Philosophy in Development economics in April 1965. Duisenberg worked as a financial analyst for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in Washington, D.C. from January 1966 until March 1969 and as a civil servant for the Central Bank of the Netherlands from March 1969 until February 1970. Duisenberg worked as a professor of Macroeconomics at the University of Amsterdam from 1 February 1970 until 11 May 1973.\nAfter the election of 1972 Duisenberg was appointed as Minister of Finance in the Cabinet Den Uyl, taking office on 11 May 1973. The Cabinet Den Uyl fell on 22 March 1977 after four years of tensions in the coalition and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity. Duisenberg was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1977, taking office on 8 June 1977 but he was still serving in the cabinet and because of dualism customs in the constitutional convention of Dutch politics he couldn't serve a dual mandate he subsequently resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives on 8 September 1977. The Cabinet Den Uyl was replaced by the Cabinet Van Agt-Wiegel following the cabinet formation of 1977 on 11 May 1973 and he subsequently returned as Member of the House of Representatives after the resignation of Wijnie Jabaaij, taking office on 16 January 1978 serving as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Finances.\nIn June 1978 Duisenberg was named as Chief financial officer (CFO) of the Rabobank, he resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives the same day he was installed as Chief financial officer on 28 June 1978. In November 1981 Duisenberg was nominated as the President of the Central Bank of the Netherlands (DNB), he resigned as Chief financial officer of the Rabobank the same day he was installed as President of the Central Bank of the Netherlands, taking office on 1 January 1982. In June 1997 Duisenberg was nominated as the President of the European Monetary Institute (EMI), he resigned as President of the Central Bank of the Netherlands the same day he was installed as President of the European Monetary Institute, taking office on 1 July 1997. In May 1998 the European Monetary Institute was reformed to the European Central Bank (ECB) with Duisenberg nominated as the first President of the European Central Bank, serving from 1 June 1998 until 1 November 2003.\nDuisenberg retired after spending 30 years in national politics and became active in the private sector and public sector and occupied numerous seats as a corporate director and nonprofit director on several boards of directors and supervisory boards (Air France\u2013KLM, Achmea, Rabobank, Schiphol Group and the Rijksmuseum) and as an advocate and lobbyist for Financial regulation and European integration.\nDuisenberg was known for his abilities as a manager and negotiator. Duisenberg continued to comment on political affairs as an statesman until his death after suffering a heart Attack and drowning in a swimming pool. Duisenberg holds the distinction as the first serving President of the European Central Bank.\n\n", "Q242204": "Dichen Lachman(; born 22 February 1982) is an Australian actress. She appeared in the soap opera Neighbours as Katya Kinski and in Joss Whedon's science fiction drama television series Dollhouse as Sierra. Lachman portrayed Suren in the American remake of Being Human as a main character during the show's second season. Lachman has also starred in the 2014 film Lust for Love and had a recurring role in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.. Lachman stars as Reileen Kawahara in Netflix's Altered Carbon. She has also had a regular role in the TV show Animal Kingdom.", "Q724404": "Blizzard Entertainment, Inc. is an American video game developer and publisher based in Irvine, California. A subsidiary of Activision Blizzard, the company was founded on February 8, 1991, under the name Silicon & Synapse, Inc. by three graduates of the University of California, Los Angeles: Michael Morhaime, Frank Pearce and Allen Adham. The company originally concentrated on the creation of game ports for other studios' games before beginning development of their own software in 1993 with games like Rock n' Roll Racing and The Lost Vikings. In 1994, the company became Chaos Studios, Inc., then Blizzard Entertainment after being acquired by distributor Davidson & Associates.\nShortly thereafter, Blizzard released Warcraft: Orcs & Humans. Blizzard created several other video games, including Warcraft sequels, the Diablo series, the StarCraft series, and in 2004, the massively multiplayer online role-playing game World of Warcraft. Their most recent projects include the first expansion for Diablo III, Reaper of Souls, the online collectible card game Hearthstone, the seventh expansion for World of Warcraft, Battle for Azeroth, the multiplayer online battle arena Heroes of the Storm, the third and final expansion for StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty, Legacy of the Void, and the multiplayer first-person hero shooter Overwatch.\nOn July 9, 2008, Activision merged with Vivendi Games, culminating in the inclusion of the Blizzard brand name in the title of the resulting holding company. On July 25, 2013, Activision Blizzard announced the purchase of 429 million shares from majority owner Vivendi. As a result, Activision Blizzard became a completely independent company.Blizzard Entertainment hosts conventions for fans to meet and to promote their games: the BlizzCon in California, United States, and the Blizzard Worldwide Invitational in other countries, including South Korea and France.\n\n", "Q378826": "Dame Janet Stancomb Graham Stancomb-Wills, DBE (25 January 1854 \u2013 22 August 1932) was the eldest daughter of George Perkins and Catherine Janet (n\u00e9e Lobb) Stancomb, at Aldersgate, London, and niece of the first Baron Winterstoke (Sir W. H. Wills). With the early deaths of her father, and older brother, she and her sister, Yda Emily Margaretha Stancomb (31 January 1856 \u2013 22 September 1936), were adopted by Sir William Henry Wills, and Janet and Yda officially changed their names to Stancomb-Wills in 1893.\nDame Janet was the first woman mayor of Ramsgate, Kent, an office which she held from 1923\u201324, and she was also the first person to receive, in 1922, the Freedom of the Town. She was president of the Royal West of England Academy and president of the School of Architecture at Bristol in 1921. In 1927, she was appointed Justice of the Peace for Kent. She died on 22 August 1932 at East Court (Historic England listing), Ramsgate, Kent, aged 78.", "Q6245": "Wesel (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ve\u02d0z\u0259l]) is a Kreis (district) in the northwestern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Borken, Recklinghausen, district-free cities Bottrop, Oberhausen, Duisburg and Krefeld, districts Viersen, Cleves.", "Q234392": "Dame Ngaio Marsh (; 23 April 1895 \u2013 18 February 1982), born Edith Ngaio Marsh, was a New Zealand crime writer and theatre director. She was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1966.Marsh is known as one of the \"Queens of Crime\", along with Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, and Margery Allingham. She is known primarily for her character Inspector Roderick Alleyn, a gentleman detective who works for the Metropolitan Police (London).\nThe Ngaio Marsh Award is awarded annually for the best New Zealand mystery, crime and thriller fiction writing.", "Q96765": "Valentin Ickelsamer (also spelled Ickelshamer, Ikelschamer, Ikelsheimer, Eckelsheimer, Ikkersamer, Becklersheimer, Zangsthamer; c.1500 \u2013 1547) or Valentinus Ickelschamer was a German grammarian.\nIckelshamer was born at Rothenburg ob der Tauber, where he was schoolmaster. He encouraged all Bavarians to read the Bible for themselves, and published an appeal to Luther. He died at Augsburg.", "Q214042": "Christa Winsloe (23 December 1888 \u2013 10 June 1944), formerly Baroness Christa Hatvany de Hatvan, was a German-Hungarian novelist, playwright and sculptor, best known for her play Gestern und heute (known under several titles, see below), filmed in 1931 as M\u00e4dchen in Uniform and the 1958 remake.", "Q81219": "S\u00e1ndor Pet\u0151fi (Hungarian: [\u02c8\u0283a\u02d0ndor \u02c8p\u025bt\u00f8\u02d0fi]; n\u00e9 Petrovics; Slovak: Alexander Petrovi\u010d; Serbian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; 1 January 1823 \u2013 most likely 31 July 1849) was a Hungarian poet and liberal revolutionary. He is considered Hungary's national poet, and was one of the key figures of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. He is the author of the Nemzeti dal (National Song), which is said to have inspired the revolution in the Kingdom of Hungary that grew into a war for independence from the Austrian Empire. It is most likely that he died in the Battle of Segesv\u00e1r, one of the last battles of the war.", "Q9176": "The Korean language (South Korean: \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4/\u97d3\u570b\u8a9e hanguk-eo; North Korean: \uc870\uc120\ub9d0/\u671d\u9bae\ub9d0 chos\u014fn-mal) is an East Asian language spoken by about 77 million people. It is a member of the Koreanic language family and is the official and national language of both Koreas: North Korea and South Korea, with different standardized official forms used in each country. It is a recognised minority language in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Changbai Korean Autonomous County of Jilin province, China. It is also spoken in parts of Sakhalin, Russia, and Central Asia.Historical and modern linguists classify Korean as a language isolate; however, it does have a few extinct relatives, which together with Korean itself and the Jeju language (spoken in the Jeju Province and considered somewhat distinct) form the Koreanic language family. The linguistic homeland of Korean is suggested to be somewhere in Manchuria.", "Q959790": "Crime films, in the broadest sense, are a film genre inspired by and analogous to the crime fiction literary genre. Films of this genre generally involve various aspects of crime and its detection. Stylistically, the genre may overlap and combine with many other genres, such as drama or gangster film, but also include comedy, and, in turn, is divided into many sub-genres, such as mystery, suspense or noir.\n\n", "Q87668": "Franz Heinrich K\u00f6hler (29 September 1878 \u2013 6 February 1949) was a German politician who served as Minister of Finance of the Weimar Republic in 1927/8. He also was the head of state (Staatspr\u00e4sident) of the Republic of Baden in 1923/4 and 1926/7.", "Q471495": "Herberts Cukurs (17 May 1900 in Liep\u0101ja, Russian Empire \u2013 23 February 1965 in Shangril\u00e1, Uruguay) was a Latvian aviator. He was a member of the Arajs Kommando, which was involved in the mass murder of Latvian Jews as part of the Holocaust. Cukurs never stood trial, though there are eyewitness accounts linking Cukurs to war crimes. He was assassinated by operatives of the Israeli intelligence service (Mossad) in 1965.\nThe Mossad agent \"K\u00fcnzle\", who killed Cukurs, and the journalist Gad Shimron wrote a book, The Execution of the Hangman of Riga in which they called Cukurs the \"Butcher of Riga\", and the term was later picked up by several sources.", "Q204245": "Cuernavaca (Spanish pronunciation: [kwe\u027ena\u02c8\u03b2aka] (listen); Classical Nahuatl: Cuauhn\u0101huac [k\u02b7aw\u02c8na\u02d0wak] \"near the woods\", modern Nahuatl pronunciation ) is the capital and largest city of the state of Morelos in Mexico. The city is located around a 90 min drive south of Mexico City using the Federal Highway 95D.The name \"Cuernavaca\" is derived from the Nahuatl phrase \"Cuauhn\u0101huac\" and means \"surrounded by or close to trees\". The name was Hispanicized to Cuernavaca; Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s called it Coadnabaced in his letters to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and Bernal D\u00edaz del Castillo used the name Cuautlavaca in his chronicles. The coat-of-arms of the municipality is based on the pre-Columbian pictograph emblem of the city which depicts a tree trunk (cuahuitl) with three branches, with foliage, and four roots colored red. There is a cut in the trunk in the form of a mouth, from which emerges a speech scroll, probably representing the language Nahuatl and by extension the locative suffix \"-n\u0101huac\", meaning \"near\".Cuernavaca has long been a favorite escape for Mexico City and foreign visitors because of its warm, stable climate and abundant vegetation. The municipality was designated a Forest Protection Zone by President Lazaro Cardenas in 1937 to protect the aquifers, the vegetation and the quality of life of residents both in Mexico City and locally. The city was nicknamed the \"City of Eternal Spring\" by Alexander von Humboldt in the 19th century.Aztec emperors had summer residences there, and considering its location of just a 1\u00bd-hour drive from Mexico City, today many Mexico City residents maintain homes there. Cuernavaca is also host to a large foreign resident population, including large numbers of students who come to study the Spanish language.", "Q121733": "Hansj\u00f6rg Pauli (3 March 1931 in Winterthur, Switzerland \u2013 15 February 2007) was a Swiss musicologist, writer, and music critic. He was a pupil of Hans Keller.During the 1950s, Pauli was a jazz pianist and a music critic for Neues Winterthurer Tageblatt.\nFrom 1960 to 1965 Pauli worked at Radio Z\u00fcrich on new music broadcasts, and between 1965 and 1968 he was a music editor for NDR-Fernsehen where he directed TV documentaries and produced films by Richard Leacock, Rolf Liebermann, Klaus Wildenhahn and others. Since 1968 he is a freelance writer.\nPauli is a prominent authority on the music of Luigi Nono.", "Q543427": "Darren Allison (born May 1968, Ashington, Northumberland, England) is an internationally renowned British record producer, musician, and recording engineer, best known for his production work on the epic soundscapes of such artists as Spiritualized, The Divine Comedy, and, more recently, Efterklang, Belle & Sebastian and Amatorski.", "Q100925": "Fritz Pleitgen (born 21 March 1938) is a German television journalist and author.", "Q367912": "C\u00e9sar Campod\u00f3nico (1929\u20132005) was an Uruguayan actor.", "Q968559": "The University of North Dakota (also known as UND or North Dakota) is a public research university in Grand Forks, North Dakota. Established by the Dakota Territorial Assembly in 1883, six years before the establishment of the state of North Dakota, it is the state's oldest university. UND was founded with a liberal arts foundation and expanded to include scientific research.\nThe university has the only schools of law and medicine in the state of North Dakota. Its best known college is perhaps its John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences, the first in the country to offer a degree in unmanned aircraft systems operations, and programs in aviation and aerospace. Several national research institutions are on the university's campus including the Energy and Environmental Research Center, the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center.North Dakota's athletic teams compete in the NCAA's Division I. Most teams compete as members of the Big Sky Conference, with the exceptions of men's hockey (National Collegiate Hockey Conference), and swimming (Western Athletic Conference). The men's ice hockey team has won eight national championships and play in the Ralph Engelstad Arena.", "Q62196": "Peter Harry Carstensen (born 12 March 1947) is a German politician, in the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party.\nFrom 2005 to 2012 he was Minister President of the state of Schleswig-Holstein, serving as President of the Bundesrat in 2005/06.", "Q214056": "Edogawa (\u6c5f\u6238\u5ddd\u533a, Edogawa-ku) is a special ward located in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. It takes its name from the Edo River that runs from north to south along the eastern edge of the ward. In English, it uses the name Edogawa City.\nThe easternmost of the wards, it shares boundaries with the cities of Urayasu and Ichikawa in Chiba Prefecture (to the east) and with the wards of Katsushika (to the north), Sumida and K\u014dt\u014d (to the west). It meets the city of Matsudo in Chiba at a point.\nEdogawa has a sister-city relationship with Gosford, New South Wales, Australia. Domestically, it has friendship ties with the cities of Azumino in Nagano Prefecture and Tsuruoka in Yamagata Prefecture.\nAs of March 9, 2018, the ward has an estimated population of 694,896, and a population density of 13,925 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 49.90 km\u00b2.", "Q179558": "Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u2014 n\u00e9e Domontovich, \u0414\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447; 31 March [O.S. 19 March] 1872 \u2013 9 March 1952) was a Marxist revolutionary, first as a member of the Mensheviks, then from 1915 on as a Bolshevik (later Communist). Serving as the People's Commissar for Welfare in the Bolshevik government in 1917\u20131918, she became the first woman in history to become an official member of a governing cabinet.\nIn 1922 Kollontai was appointed as a diplomatic counsellor to the Soviet legation in Norway, and soon received promotion to head the legation, one of the first women to hold such a position.", "Q235098": "Jeanne-Marie Bouvier de la Motte-Guyon (commonly known as Madame Guyon, French: [g\u0265i.j\u0254\u0303]; 13 April 1648 \u2013 9 June 1717) was a French mystic and was accused of advocating Quietism, although she never called herself a Quietist. Quietism was considered heretical by the Roman Catholic Church, and she was imprisoned from 1695 to 1703 after publishing the book A Short and Very Easy Method of Prayer.", "Q290356": "San Pedro (English pronunciation: , san-PEE-droh) is a community within the city of Los Angeles, California. Formerly a separate city, it consolidated with Los Angeles in 1909. The Port of Los Angeles, a major international seaport, is partially located within San Pedro. The district has grown from being dominated by the fishing industry to become primarily a working class community within the city of Los Angeles.\n\n", "Q1423868": "Clarence Albert Poindexter (May 4, 1905 \u2013 January 28, 1984), known as Al Dexter, was an American country musician and songwriter. He is best known for \"Pistol Packin' Mama,\" a 1944 hit that was one of the most popular recordings of the World War II years and later became a hit again with a cover by Bing Crosby and The Andrews Sisters.", "Q89889": "G\u00fcnther Schifter (23 December 1923 \u2013 11 August 2008) was an Austrian journalist, radio presenter and record collector.\nBorn in Vienna, Schifter started collecting 78s of the popular music of the interwar years already as a boy. After the war, he played jazz and Swing in occupied Austria, becoming, in 1949, one of the first disc jockeys on Austrian radio. From 1967 to 2000 Schifter had a weekly radio programme, G\u00fcnther Schifters Schellacks, where he played 78s from his vast personal archives (including, for example, more than 100 cover versions of W.C. Handy's \"St. Louis Blues\") while always refusing to resort to reissues of older material on vinyl records, audiotape or, later, CDs. In between songs Schifter developed his style of giving enjoyable history lessons.\nOusted by the Austrian state radio (ORF) in 2000 due to a switch to the more commercial music radio format, Schifter continued broadcasting for a while from Bavaria, Germany. He died on 11 August 2008, aged 84, in Salzburg.", "Q80113": "Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas. Expressionist artists have sought to express the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality.Expressionism developed as an avant-garde style before the First World War. It remained popular during the Weimar Republic, particularly in Berlin. The style extended to a wide range of the arts, including expressionist architecture, painting, literature, theatre, dance, film and music.The term is sometimes suggestive of angst. In a historical sense, much older painters such as Matthias Gr\u00fcnewald and El Greco are sometimes termed expressionist, though the term is applied mainly to 20th-century works. The Expressionist emphasis on individual and subjective perspective has been characterized as a reaction to positivism and other artistic styles such as Naturalism and Impressionism.", "Q90300": "Michael Glawogger (3 December 1959 \u2013 23 April 2014) was an Austrian film director, screenwriter and cinematographer.\nFrom 1981 to 1982 Glawogger studied at the San Francisco Art Institute, and from 1983 to 1989 at the Vienna Film Academy. Like fellow Austrian director Ulrich Seidl, with whom he collaborated several times, he was mainly known for his documentary films, such as Megacities (1998), Workingman's Death (2005) and Whores' Glory (2011). In 2008 he was a member of the jury at the 30th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Q44637": "Hollywood Undead is an American rap rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2005. They released their debut album, Swan Songs, on September 2, 2008, and their live CD/DVD Desperate Measures, on November 10, 2009. Their second studio album, American Tragedy, was released April 5, 2011. All of the band members use pseudonyms and wear their own unique mask, most of which are based on the common hockey goaltender design. The band members currently consist of Charlie Scene, Danny, Funny Man, J-Dog, and Johnny 3 Tears. Their third studio album, titled Notes from the Underground, was released on January 8, 2013.\nTheir fourth studio album, Day of the Dead, was released on March 31, 2015.\nHollywood Undead's fifth record is titled Five (or V), and was released on October 27, 2017. The first single from the album, called \"California Dreaming\", was made available July 24, 2017.", "Q981489": "Coimbatore Krishnarao Prahalad (8 August 1941 \u2013 16 April 2010) was the Paul and Ruth McCracken Distinguished University Professor of Corporate Strategy at University of Michigan Stephen M. Ross School of Business.\nHe was the co-author of \"Core Competence of the Corporation\" (with Gary Hamel) and \"The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid\" (with Stuart L. Hart), about the business opportunity in serving the Bottom of the Pyramid.\nOn 16 April 2010, Prahalad died at the age of 68 of a previously undiagnosed lung illness in San Diego, California.", "Q5980": "Alaj\u00e4rvi is a town and municipality of Finland.\nIt is located in the South Ostrobothnia region. The town has a population of 9,712 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 1,056.74 square kilometres (408.01 sq mi) of which 47.99 km2 (18.53 sq mi) is water. The population density is 9.63 inhabitants per square kilometre (24.9/sq mi).\nThe town is unilingually Finnish; there are few immigrants.\nThe town is home to the Nelimarkka Museum. The museum was built by the painter Eero Nelimarkka. It was designed by his friend, the architect Hilding Ekelund.Though a small town, Alaj\u00e4rvi has a few shops, namely Supermarket, Tokmanni, Lidl and a few others. In 2013 a public natatorium was opened, which also includes a weight room.\nThe municipality of Lehtim\u00e4ki was consolidated with Alaj\u00e4rvi on 1 January 2009.", "Q16617": "Piz Terri is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Ticino and Graub\u00fcnden. At 3,149 metres above sea level it is the highest summit lying on the chain between Greina and Soreda Pass. Piz Terri overlooks Lake Luzzone in Val Blenio on its west side, Val Sumvitg on its north side and Lumnezia on its east side. Close localities are Olivone (Val Blenio) and Vrin (Lumnezia).\n\nA lake (0.183 km\u00b2) is located near the summit on the northern side at 2,585 metres. The faces are steep. Only a small glacier, named Glatscher dil Terri, lies at the base of the north face.\nThe summit can be reached by experienced hikers via a trail on the west ridge. The normal route starts above Lake Luzzone at the Motterascio hut (2,171 metres), owned by the Swiss Alpine Club.", "Q452258": "Amadou & Mariam are a musical duo from Mali, composed of the Bamako-born couple Amadou Bagayoko (guitar and vocals) (born 24 October 1954) and Mariam Doumbia (vocals) (born 15 April 1958).\nTheir album Welcome To Mali (2008) was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary World Music Album.\nAmadou lost his vision at the age of 16, while Mariam became blind at age 5 as a consequence of untreated measles.[1] Known as \"the blind couple from Mali\", they met at Mali's Institute for the Young Blind, where they both performed at the Institute\u2019s Eclipse Orchestra, directed by Idrissa Soumaouro, and found they shared an interest in music.\n\n", "Q175362": "Urge Overkill is an American alternative rock band, formed in Chicago, Illinois, United States, consisting of Nathan Kaatrud, who took the stage name Nash Kato (vocals/guitar), and Eddie \"King\" Roeser (vocals/guitar/bass guitar). They are widely known for their song \"Sister Havana\" and their cover of Neil Diamond's \"Girl, You'll Be a Woman Soon\", which was notably used in Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction. Their first album since 1995, Rock & Roll Submarine, was released in 2011.", "Q37801": "B\u0103l\u021bi (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8b\u0259lts\u02b2] (listen); German: Belz, Polish: Bielce, Russian: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u044b, Beltsy, Ukrainian: \u0411\u0454\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0456, Bielci, Yiddish: \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc\u05e5\u200e Belts) is a city in Moldova. It is the second largest city in terms of population, area and economic importance, after Chi\u0219in\u0103u. The city is one of the five Moldovan municipalities. Sometimes also called \"the northern capital\", it is a major industrial, cultural and commercial centre and transportation hub in the north of the country. It is situated 127 kilometres (79 mi) north of the capital Chi\u0219in\u0103u, and is located on the river R\u0103ut, a tributary of the Dniester, on a hilly landscape in the B\u0103l\u021bi steppe.", "Q1780809": "Hanne Harlem (born 20 November 1964) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. She was personal secretary to Minister of Family and Consumer Affairs in 1990, personal secretary to the Minister of Children and Family Affairs in 1991 and Minister of Justice from 2000 to 2001, in Jens Stoltenberg's first cabinet. She is the sister of former Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland.", "Q71854": "Amelia Osborne, Marchioness of Carmarthen, 12th Baroness Darcy de Knayth, 9th Baroness Conyers, 5th Countess of M\u00e9rtola (n\u00e9e Darcy; 12 October 1754 \u2013 27 January 1784), was a British peer and a Portuguese countess.\n\n", "Q133337": "Solon (Greek: \u03a3\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd S\u00f3l\u014dn [s\u00f3.l\u0254\u02d0n]; c.\u2009 630 \u2013 c.\u2009 560 BC) was an Athenian statesman, lawmaker and poet. He is remembered particularly for his efforts to legislate against political, economic and moral decline in archaic Athens. His reforms failed in the short-term, yet he is often credited with having laid the foundations for Athenian democracy. He wrote poetry for pleasure, as patriotic propaganda, and in defence of his constitutional reform.\nModern knowledge of Solon is limited by the fact that his works only survive in fragments and appear to feature interpolations by later authors and by the general paucity of documentary and archaeological evidence covering Athens in the early 6th century BC. Ancient authors such as Herodotus and Plutarch are the main sources, but wrote about Solon long after his death. 4th-century orators, such as Aeschines, tended to attribute to Solon all the laws of their own, much later times.", "Q60781": "Gerhard Schr\u00f6der (11 September 1910 \u2013 31 December 1989) was a West German politician and member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party. He served as Federal Minister of the Interior from 1953 to 1961, as Foreign Minister from 1961 to 1966, and as Minister of Defence from 1966 until 1969. In the 1969 election he ran for President of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) but was outpolled by Gustav Heinemann.\n\n", "Q592068": "The Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) was the largest communist party in Great Britain between 1920 and 1991, although it never became a mass party like those in France and Italy. Founded in 1920 by the merger of several smaller Marxist parties, the party gained the support of many socialist organisations and workers' committees during the period after World War I and the Russian October Revolution. Many miners joined the party through 1926 and 1927 after the General Strike of 1926. In 1945, two of the party's MPs won seats in the general election. From 1945 to 1956, the party was at the height of its influence. It experienced its greatest loss of membership after the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the party's Eurocommunist leadership decided to disband the party, establishing the Democratic Left think tank. The anti-Eurocommunist faction had launched the Communist Party of Britain in 1988.", "Q518345": "Andre Dewavrin DSO, MC (9 June 1911, Paris \u2013 21 December 1998) was a French officer who served with Free French Forces intelligence services during World War II.\nHe was born in Paris, the son of a businessman. He graduated as an army engineer and in 1938 began to teach as a professor in Saint Cyr military academy.\nAfter the outbreak of World War II, Dewavrin was assigned to Norway in 1940 before he joined General Charles de Gaulle in Britain. He received the rank of major, took charge of the Free French military intelligence unit Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action (BCRA), and took the codename \"Colonel Passy\". He began to help organize the French Resistance movement and cooperated with the SOE.\nSome of Dewavrin's closest colleagues \u2013 Captain Fourcaud and Lieutenant Duclos \u2013 were Cagoulards (a right-wing group), but Dewavrin always denied that he was. He insisted that he had supported the Republic during the Spanish Civil War and had opposed the Munich Agreement.Dewavrin collated information from the French Resistance and planned operations for 350 agents who were parachuted to France to work with them. He secretly traveled to France on occasion to meet with the Resistance and coordinate intelligence gathering and sabotage. On 23 February 1943 Dewavrin parachuted to France alongside Pierre Brossolette to meet with Jean Moulin.\nLater in 1943 Dewavrin's organization was merged with the conventional secret service of the Free French Forces to form DGSS under Jacques Soustelle. Dewavrin served as Soustelle's technical advisor before he took the lead of the organization in October 1944. After the Normandy Invasion, Dewavrin became Chief of Staff to General Marie Pierre Koenig, the Commander of the French Forces of the Interior.\nAfter the war, Dewavrin was head of intelligence for de Gaulle's provisional government until de Gaulle resigned in January 1946. His successor accused Dewavrin of embezzling Free French money for his own purposes. Dewavrin was jailed for four months in Vincennes. He was eventually acquitted for lack of evidence. British historian Antony Beevor suspects that Dewavrin might have tried to collect money to work against a possible communist takeover attempt.\nDewavrin published three volumes of memoirs in 1947, 1949, and 1951, and eventually retired from the army to become a businessman.\nHe portrayed himself in Jean Pierre Melville's film, L'Arm\u00e9e des ombres.\nAccording to The Secret War by Max Hastings, a Soviet spy made a claim in a report to Moscow that Andre' Dewavrin was recruited by Canaris to work for the Germans. Hastings stated this report was false, but supplied no reference to support the statement.", "Q1384898": "Bruce Edward Washington, Jr. (April 3, 1973 \u2013 July 10, 2015), better known by his stage name, Hussein Fatal or sometimes as Fatal Hussein was an American rapper and member of the hip hop group Outlawz. He was best known for his collaborative work with Tupac Shakur, as a member of Outlaw Immortalz.", "Q332085": "Le P\u00e9ril jeune (French pronunciation: \u200b[l\u0259pe\u0281il \u0292\u0153n]) or The Good Old Daze is a 1994 French coming of age comedy-drama directed by C\u00e9dric Klapisch. The movie takes place in Paris during the 1970s.", "Q152905": "Jean-Claude Trichet (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 klod t\u0281i\u0283\u025b]; born 20 December 1942) is a French economist who served as President of the European Central Bank from 2003 to 2011. Previous to his assumption of the presidency he served as Governor of the Bank of France from 1993 to 2003 under presidents Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand and Jacques Chirac.\nAfter stepping down from the European Central Bank, Trichet has taken speaking arrangements across France and served on the Board of Directors of the Bank for International Settlements. He was asked to join the non-doctrinal think tank, Bruegel, to consult on economic policy. In 2008, Trichet ranked fifth on Newsweek's list of the world's most powerful along with economic triumvirs Ben Bernanke (fourth) and Masaaki Shirakawa (sixth).", "Q1888870": "Munib Rashid al-Masri (Arabic: \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0628 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u200e), also known as the \"Duke of Nablus\", and \"the Godfather\"(b. 1934), is a Palestinian industrialist, politician, and patriarch of the al-Masri family. He is the chairman of Edgo Group, a multinational energy and engineering conglomerate, and of PADICO, a holding company which controls thirty-five companies spanning industries including telecommunications, construction, tourism, energy, banking and other finance, and agriculture. al-Masri is widely described as the world's richest Palestinian, with personal holdings that reportedly account for a third of the Palestinian economy.Relatives of his include his cousin, Arab Bank and Paltel chairman Sabih al-Masri, and nephews, developer Bashar Masri, and Jordanian former prime minister Taher al-Masri.\nOne of Yasser Arafat's closest friends and supporters, al-Masri has served as a minister in the cabinets of both the Palestinian National Authority and Jordan, and has on multiple occasions declined both the presidency and the prime ministership of Palestine, although he retains an elected seat in the Palestinian Legislative Council.", "Q922336": "Giuseppe Umberto \"Pino\" Rauti (19 November 1926 \u2013 2 November 2012) was an Italian politician who was a leading figure on the far-right for many years, although Rauti described himself as leftist and non-fascist. Involved in active politics since 1948, he was one of founders and, for many years, the leader of the Italian Social Movement (MSI). He was the main representative of the MSI's left-wing.", "Q2493345": "Mikhail Ilyich Koshkin (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d, Ukrainian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e \u0406\u043b\u043b\u0456\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0456\u043d, Mykhaylo Illich Koshkin, 3 December 1898, Brynchagi, Yaroslavl Oblast \u2013 26 September 1940) was a Soviet tank designer, chief designer of the famous T-34 medium tank. The T-34 was the most produced tank of World War II. He started out in life as a confectioner, but then studied engineering.In 1937, the Red Army assigned him to lead design bureau KB-190 to design a replacement for the BT tanks at the Kharkiv Komintern Locomotive Plant (KhPZ) in Kharkiv. Koshkin imagined the T-34 tank after BT tanks tested during the Spanish Civil War proved to be under-armored and prone to catching fire.\nKoshkin claimed that he named the tank \u201cT-34\u201d because he began to imagine designs for the tank in 1934. After the Soviet Army rejected his prototype, Koshkin began privately assembling a testable prototype that he would work on in the evening, after long days designing BT tank improvements.\nHe died from pneumonia he contracted during T-34 winter tests on September 26, 1940.\nMikhail Koshkin was posthumously awarded the State Stalin Prize in 1942 and the Order of the Red Star. In 1990, shortly before the final collapse of the USSR, he was posthumously decorated with the highest civilian honor, Hero of Socialist Labour.", "Q279286": "Dr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine is a 1965 American International Pictures comedy film, made in Path\u00e9color, directed by Norman Taurog. It stars Vincent Price, Frankie Avalon, Dwayne Hickman, Susan Hart and Jack Mullaney, and features Fred Clark. It is a parody of the then-popular spy film trend (the title is a spoof of two James Bond films: the 1962 film Dr. No and the 1964 hit Goldfinger), made using actors from AIP's beach party and Edgar Allan Poe films.\nDespite its low production values, the film has achieved a certain cult status for the appearance of horror legend Vincent Price and AIP's Beach Party film alumni, its in-jokes and over-the-top sexuality, the claymation title sequence designed by Art Clokey, and a title song performed by The Supremes.The movie was retitled Dr G. and the Bikini Machine in England: urban legend has it that this was because there were two doctors in the country called Doctor Goldfoot, but it was more likely due to a threatened lawsuit from Eon, holder of the rights to the James Bond movies.\nThe success of the film on its 1965 release led to a sequel, made the following year, entitled Dr. Goldfoot and the Girl Bombs.", "Q1930523": "Micha\u00ebl Cohen (born 13 December 1970) is a French actor. He appeared in more than fifty films since 1991.", "Q2704081": "143 Records is the record label of producer David Foster. 143 is a sub-label of Warner Records and Atlantic Records. The numbers 1-4-3 are derived from the words \"I love you.\"", "Q230686": "Shiri Freda Appleby (born December 7, 1978) is an American actress and director. She is best known for her leading roles as Liz Parker in the WB/UPN science fiction drama series Roswell (1999\u20132002) and Rachel Goldberg in the Lifetime/Hulu drama series Unreal (2015\u20132018).Her major film credits include A Time for Dancing (2000), Swimfan (2002), Havoc (2005), Charlie Wilson's War (2007), and The Devil's Candy (2015).\nAppleby also starred as intern Daria Wade in the final season of the NBC medical drama series ER (2008\u20132009). She later starred as Cate Cassidy in The CW drama series Life Unexpected (2010\u20132011) and as Lucy Lambert in the web comedy series Dating Rules from My Future Self (2012). Appleby also had recurring roles on the NBC drama series Chicago Fire (2012\u20132013) and the HBO comedy-drama series Girls (2013\u20132014).", "Q57893": "Karl Wolff (13 May 1900 \u2013 17 July 1984) was a German SS functionary and war criminal. He was Chief of Personal Staff Reichsf\u00fchrer-SS (Heinrich Himmler) and an SS liaison to Adolf Hitler until his replacement in 1943. He ended World War II as the Supreme SS and Police Leader in occupied Italy. Wolff evaded prosecution at the Nuremberg Trials, apparently as a result of his participation in Operation Sunrise. In 1964, Wolff was convicted of war crimes in West Germany; he was released in 1969.", "Q78870": "Rosa Albach-Retty (26 December 1874 \u2013 26 August 1980) was an Austrian movie and stage actress.", "Q2751": "Siena ( see-EN-\u0259, Italian: [\u02c8sj\u025b\u02d0na] (listen); in English sometimes spelled Sienna; Latin: Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena.\nThe historic centre of Siena has been declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site. It is one of the nation's most visited tourist attractions, with over 163,000 international arrivals in 2008. Siena is famous for its cuisine, art, museums, medieval cityscape and the Palio, a horse race held twice a year.", "Q766145": "The University of Oregon (also referred to as UO, U of O or Oregon) is a public flagship research university in Eugene, Oregon. Founded in 1876, the institution's 295-acre campus is along the Willamette River. Since July 2014, UO has been governed by the Board of Trustees of the University of Oregon. The university has a Carnegie Classification of \"highest research activity\" and has 19 research centers and institutes. UO was admitted to the Association of American Universities in 1969.The University of Oregon is organized into five colleges (Arts and Sciences, Business, Design, Education, and Honors) and seven professional schools (Accounting, Architecture and Environment, Art and Design, Journalism and Communication, Law, Music and Dance, and Planning, Public Policy and Management) and a graduate school. Furthermore, UO offers 316 undergraduate and graduate degree programs. Most academic programs follow the 10 week Quarter System.UO student-athletes compete as the Ducks and are part of the Pac-12 Conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). With eighteen varsity teams, the Oregon Ducks are best known for their football team and track and field program.", "Q292227": "Brigitte Auber (born 27 April 1925) is a French actress who has worked on stage, film and TV in Europe. She was born in Paris, France.", "Q585272": "Nikolai Nikolaevich Sukhanov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432; 10 December 1882 \u2013 29 June 1940) was a Russian Menshevik Internationalist and chronicler of the Russian Revolution.", "Q216127": "Johann Martin Miller (3 December 1750 in Ulm \u2013 21 June 1814 in Ulm) was a German theologian and writer. He is best known for his novel Siegwart, which became one of the most successful books at the time.", "Q40337": "Sandra Miju Oh (born July 20, 1971) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her roles as Cristina Yang on the ABC medical drama series Grey's Anatomy (2005\u20132014) and Eve Polastri in the BBC America spy thriller series Killing Eve (2018\u2013present). She has received many accolades, including two Golden Globe Awards, four Screen Actors Guild Awards, and eight Primetime Emmy Award nominations.\nOh first gained recognition for her roles in the Asian-Canadian films Double Happiness (1994) and The Diary of Evelyn Lau (1994). On television, she was noted for her role as Rita Wu on the HBO sitcom Arliss (1996\u20132002). Her later television credits include Judging Amy and American Crime, as well as voice roles on American Dad!, American Dragon: Jake Long, The Proud Family, and Phineas and Ferb. She has appeared in films such as Bean (1997), Last Night (1998), The Princess Diaries (2001), Long Life, Happiness & Prosperity (2002), Under the Tuscan Sun (2003), Sideways (2004), Wilby Wonderful (2004), Sorry, Haters (2005), Hard Candy (2005), The Night Listener (2006), Blindness (2008), Rabbit Hole (2010), Catfight (2016), and Meditation Park (2017).\nOh won two Genie Awards for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role for Last Night and Double Happiness and won a Gemini Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Program or Mini-Series for The Diary of Evelyn Lau.\nOh hosted the 28th Genie Awards on March 3, 2008, and became the first Asian woman to host the Golden Globe Awards at the 76th ceremony in 2019. In March 2019, she became the first Asian-Canadian woman to host Saturday Night Live, and was just the third actress of Asian descent to do so, after Lucy Liu in 2000 and Awkwafina in 2018. She is the first actress of Asian descent to be nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series and the first Asian woman to win two Golden Globes. In 2019, Time magazine named Oh as one of the 100 most influential people in the world.", "Q365863": "George Washington Donaghey (July 1, 1856 \u2013 December 15, 1937) was the 22nd Governor of the U.S. state of Arkansas from 1909 to 1913.\n\n", "Q113781": "Mina Ahadi (Persian: \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u200e, romanized: Min\u00e2 Ahadi, born 1956) is an Iranian-Austrian political activist. As a Communist political activist, she is a member of the Central Committee and Politburo of the Worker-communist Party of Iran.", "Q4748677": "Amrita Patel is an Indian businessperson associated with cooperative dairy sector as well as environmentalist. She headed National Dairy Development Board from 1998 to 2014 which led the world's biggest dairy development program Operation Flood. She chaired several other institutes and has been a member of board of banks. She was awarded Padma Bhushan in 2001.", "Q507503": "Steve Lee (born Stefan Alois in Horgen, Switzerland, August 5, 1963 \u2013 October 5, 2010) was a Swiss musician, best known as the vocalist of the band Gotthard.\n\n", "Q19242": "William Alison Anders (born October 17, 1933) is a retired United States Air Force major general, former electrical engineer, nuclear engineer, NASA astronaut, and businessman. In December 1968, as a crew member of Apollo 8, he was one of the first three people to leave low Earth orbit and travel to the Moon. Along with fellow astronauts Frank Borman and Jim Lovell, Anders circled the Moon ten times, and broadcast live images and commentary back to Earth. During one of the mission's lunar orbits he photographed the iconic image, Earthrise.Apart from his professional and military careers, Anders was the U.S. Ambassador to Norway from 1976 to 1977 under President Gerald Ford.\n\n", "Q748": "Buddhism (, US: ) is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.\nBuddhism encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on original teachings attributed to the Buddha and resulting interpreted philosophies. It originated in ancient India as a Sramana tradition sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, spreading through much of Asia. Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (Pali: \"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (Sanskrit: \"The Great Vehicle\").\nMost Buddhist traditions share the goal of overcoming suffering and the cycle of death and rebirth, either by the attainment of Nirvana or through the path of Buddhahood. Buddhist schools vary in their interpretation of the path to liberation, the relative importance and canonicity assigned to the various Buddhist texts, and their specific teachings and practices. Widely observed practices include taking refuge in the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha, observance of moral precepts, monasticism, meditation, and the cultivation of the Paramitas (perfections, or virtues).\nTheravada Buddhism has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia such as Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand. Mahayana, which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon and Tiantai (Tendai), is found throughout East Asia.\nVajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian adepts, may be viewed as a separate branch or as an aspect of Mahayana Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth-century India, is practised in the countries of the Himalayan region, Mongolia, and Kalmykia.", "Q857965": "Alien Ant Farm is an American rock band that formed in Riverside, California, United States, in 1996. They have released five studio albums, and have sold over 5 million units worldwide. The band's cover of Michael Jackson's \"Smooth Criminal\" topped the Billboard Alternative songs charts in 2001.They released their debut album Greatest Hits independently in 1999, then signed to DreamWorks Records in 2000. Their second album ANThology was released in 2001 and has been certified platinum by the RIAA, selling over one million copies and reaching number 11 on the Billboard 200. Following up that was their third album, TruANT, released in 2003. The album was produced by brothers Robert and Dean DeLeo of Stone Temple Pilots, and made it to 42 on the Billboard 200. In 2005 the band recorded the next album 3rd Draft, however the album's release was denied by the label after Geffen bought out DreamWorks. It was eventually released in 2006 as Up in the Attic, charting at number 114 on the Billboard 200. After several years of sporadic touring, the band's fifth studio album Always and Forever was released in February 2015.", "Q67788": "Thunstetten is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q232091": "Two English Girls (original French title: Les Deux Anglaises et le Continent, UK Title: Anne and Muriel), is a 1971 French romantic drama film directed by Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut and adapted from a 1956 novel of the same name by Henri-Pierre Roch\u00e9. It stars Jean-Pierre L\u00e9aud as Claude, Kika Markham as Anne, and Stacey Tendeter as Muriel. Truffaut restored 20 minutes of footage, which fills out the characters, before his death in 1984.The novel was first published in English in 2004, translated by Walter Bruno and published by Cambridge Book Review Press, Cambridge, Wisconsin.", "Q185085": "Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo (29 September 1864 \u2013 31 December 1936) was a Basque essayist, novelist, poet, playwright, philosopher, professor of Greek and Classics, and later rector at the University of Salamanca.\nHis major philosophical essay was The Tragic Sense of Life (1912), and his most famous novel was Abel S\u00e1nchez: The History of a Passion (1917), a modern exploration of the Cain and Abel story.", "Q7368200": "Rosehill Cemetery (founded 1859) is an American rural cemetery on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois, and at 350 acres (1.4 km2), is the largest cemetery in the City of Chicago. The name \"Rosehill\" resulted from a City Clerk's error \u2013 the area was previously called \"Roe's Hill\", named for nearby farmer Hiram Roe. He refused to sell his land to the city until it was promised that the cemetery be named in his honor. It is located in the north east section of the Lincoln Square community area.\nRosehill's Joliet-limestone entrance gate (added in 1864) was designed by William W. Boyington, the architect of the Chicago Water Tower and the Old University of Chicago, who is buried in Rosehill. The Rosehill Cemetery Administration Building and Entry Gate was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1975.Like its sister cemetery Graceland, Rosehill is the burial place of many well-known Chicagoans. The cemetery contains many monuments that are notable for their beauty and eccentricity, such as that of Lulu Fellows.The cemetery is also the final resting place of 61 victims of the Iroquois Theatre fire, in which over 600 people died.Several graves from the old City Cemetery, originally located in what is now Lincoln Park were relocated to Rosehill. Some of the gravestones and monuments were also moved to Rosehill Cemetery and can be seen.", "Q6537": "Vicenza ( vih-CHENT-s\u0259, Italian: [vi\u02c8t\u0283\u025bntsa] (listen); Venetian: Vicensa [vi\u02c8t\u0283e\u014bsa]) is a city in northeastern Italy. It is in the Veneto region at the northern base of the Monte Berico, where it straddles the Bacchiglione River. Vicenza is approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of Venice and 200 kilometres (120 mi) east of Milan.\nVicenza is a thriving and cosmopolitan city, with a rich history and culture, and many museums, art galleries, piazzas, villas, churches and elegant Renaissance palazzi. With the Palladian Villas of the Veneto in the surrounding area, and his renowned Teatro Olimpico (Olympic Theater), the \"city of Palladio\" has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1994.In December 2008, Vicenza had an estimated population of 115,927 and a metropolitan area of 270,000. Vicenza is the third-largest Italian industrial centre as measured by the value of its exports, and is one of the country's wealthiest cities, in large part due to its textile and steel industries, which employ tens of thousands. Additionally, about one fifth of the country's gold and jewelry is made in Vicenza, greatly contributing to the city's economy. Another important sector is the engineering/computer components industry (Federico Faggin, the microprocessor's co-inventor, was born in Vicenza).", "Q3655695": "Edward Stanford (27 May 1827 \u2013 3 November 1904) was the founder of Stanford's Ltd, now a pair of map and book shops based in London and Bristol, UK.", "Q129409": "Louis-Auguste Juv\u00e9nal des Ursins d'Harville, Count of Harville (23 April 1749, Paris \u2013 8 May 1815, Harville or Lizy-sur-Ourcq, France), was a French military officer and politician in late 18th century France. A Divisional General in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars, he was present at the Battle of Jemappes on 6 November 1792 and led the Reserve Division at the subsequent Siege of Namur.\n\n", "Q1934023": "Vicente Calder\u00f3n P\u00e9rez-Cavada (Spanish pronunciation: [bi\u02c8\u03b8ente kalde\u02c8\u027eom \u02c8pe\u027ee\u03b8 ka\u02c8\u03b2a\u00f0a]; 27 May 1913 \u2013 24 March 1987) was a businessman and president of Atl\u00e9tico Madrid for twenty years.\nAs President of Atl\u00e9tico Madrid he helped in getting their new stadium built, and in 1971 it was renamed Estadio Vicente Calder\u00f3n in his honour.", "Q356271": "Georges St-Pierre (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 s\u025b\u0303 pj\u025b\u0281]; born May 19, 1981) is a retired Canadian professional mixed martial artist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest fighters in mixed martial arts (MMA) history. He is a two-division champion in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) having won titles in the welterweight and middleweight divisions.\nSt-Pierre is a three-time former UFC Welterweight Champion, having won the title twice and the interim title once between November 2006 and April 2008. St-Pierre was ranked as the #1 welterweight in the world for several years by Sherdog and numerous other publications. In 2008, 2009 and 2010 he was named the Canadian Athlete of the Year by Rogers Sportsnet. Fight Matrix lists him as the top MMA Welterweight of all time and most accomplished fighter in MMA history.He retired as the reigning Welterweight Champion on December 13, 2013, having held the record for most wins in title bouts and the second longest combined title streak in UFC history (2,204 days) while defending his title nine consecutive times. He returned to the Octagon in November 2017 at UFC 217, when he defeated Michael Bisping by submission to win the Middleweight title, thus becoming the fourth fighter in the history of the UFC to be a multi-division champion.", "Q86204": "Harald Bode (October 19, 1909 \u2013 January 15, 1987) was a German engineer and pioneer in the development of electronic music instruments.", "Q121055": "Rolf Schlierer (born 21 February 1955 in Stuttgart) is a German physician, lawyer and politician and the former leader of the German right-wing party The Republicans (REP). He was replaced as party leader in 2014 by Johann G\u00e4rtner.", "Q91778": "Otto K\u00fchne (12 May 1893, in Berlin \u2013 8 December 1955, in Brandenburg an der Havel) was a German communist militant, who led a maquis group of German antifascist fighters in the French region of Loz\u00e8re in 1943 and 1944 during World War II.\nA railwayman by profession, K\u00fchne had been a communist deputy during the Reichstag fire, and had subsequently fled to France.\n\n", "Q918647": "Nikolai Nikolayevich Tcherepnin (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043d; May 15 [O.S. May 3] 1873 \u2013 26 June 1945) was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor. He was born in Saint Petersburg and studied under Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory. He conducted for the first Paris season of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes.", "Q378013": "Police Story 2 (Chinese: \u8b66\u5bdf\u6545\u4e8b\u7e8c\u96c6, a.k.a. Jackie Chan's Police Story 2) is a 1988 Hong Kong action film written, directed by and starring Jackie Chan as Chan Ka-kui. It is a sequel to the hit 1985 film, Police Story, continuing the storyline of Chan's character, \"Kevin\" Chan Ka-kui. It is also marks the last appearance in the series for Lam Kwok-Hung as Superintendent Raymond Li, Chor Yuen as Chu Tao and Charlie Cho as John Ko.", "Q108558": "Martin Brau\u00df (born 1958) is a German pianist, conductor and music theorist and university professor at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover.", "Q14821": "Coburg (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ko\u02d0b\u028a\u0250\u032fk]) is a town located on the Itz river in the Upper Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany. Long part of one of the Thuringian states of the Wettin line, it joined Bavaria by popular vote only in 1920. Until the revolution of 1918, it was one of the capitals of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Through successful dynastic policies, the ruling princely family married into several of the royal families of Europe, most notably in the person of Prince Albert, who married Queen Victoria in 1840. As a result of these close links with the royal houses of Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Coburg was frequently visited by the crowned heads of Europe and their families.\nCoburg is also known as the location of Veste Coburg, one of Germany's largest castles. In 1530, Martin Luther lived there for six months during which he worked on translating the Bible into German.\nToday, Coburg's population is close to 41,500. Since it was little damaged in World War II, Coburg retains many historic buildings, making it a popular tourist destination.", "Q117478": "Francine John-Calame (born April 30, 1954) is a Swiss politician from the Canton of Neuch\u00e2tel and a member of the National Council. She was member of the parliament of the Canton of Neuch\u00e2tel from 1993 to 2002. She is a municipal councillor in Le Cerneux-P\u00e9quignot.\nOn the list of the Green Party, she acceded to the National Council on May 31, 2005 following the resignation of Fernand Cuche.\nFrancine John-Calame is married and mother of two.", "Q431884": "Eva Menasse (born May 11, 1970 in Vienna) is an Austrian author and journalist. She has studied history and German literature. Menasse had a successful career as a journalist, writing for the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung in Frankfurt and as a correspondent from Prague and Berlin. She left the paper to write her first novel, Vienna, and now lives and works in Berlin as a freelance author.\nIn 2005, she received the Corine Literature Prize. The English translation of her novel Vienna was shortlisted for the 2007 Independent Foreign Fiction Prize in the UK.\nEva Menasse was married to the German author Michael Kumpfm\u00fcller from 2004\u20132017.", "Q87085": "Robert von Mayr-Harting (September 13, 1874 in Aspern, now a part of Vienna \u2013 March 12, 1948 in Prague) was an Austrian-born Sudeten German politician.\nThe member of German Christian Social People's Party was one of few German-speaking politicians who participated in the Czechoslovak Government. He served as Minister of Justice from 12 October 1926 to 7 December 1929. He was a member of the Senate of Czechoslovakia from 1920 to 1925 and of the Chamber of Deputies of Czechoslovakia from 1925 to 1938. On 29 March 1938 he joined the People's Party with the Sudeten German Party. However, after the occupation of Czechoslovakia he made no political or public action to support the Nazi regime. After World war the Czechoslovak authorities allowed him to remain in Prague.", "Q139785": "James Brendan Bolger ( BUL-j\u0259r; born 31 May 1935) is a New Zealand politician of the National Party who was the 35th Prime Minister of New Zealand, serving from 1990 to 1997.\nBolger was born to an Irish immigrant family in Opunake, Taranaki. Before entering politics, he farmed in the Waikato area and was involved in Federated Farmers, a nationwide agricultural association. Bolger won election to Parliament in 1972, and subsequently served in several portfolios in the Third National Government. Following one unsuccessful bid for the party leadership in 1984, Bolger was elected as National Party leader in 1986. He served as Leader of the Opposition from 1986 to 1990.\nBolger led the National Party to a landslide victory\u2014the largest in its history\u2014in the 1990 election, allowing him to become Prime Minister on 2 November 1990. The Fourth National Government was elected on the promise of delivering a \"Decent Society\" following the previous Labour government's economic reforms, known as \"Rogernomics\", which Bolger criticised. However, shortly after taking office, his government was forced to bail out the Bank of New Zealand and as a result reneged on a number of promises made during the election campaign. Bolger's government essentially advanced the free-market reforms of the previous government, while implementing drastic cuts in public spending. National retained power in the 1993 election, albeit with a much-reduced majority.\nBolger's second term in office saw the introduction of the MMP electoral system. In the subsequent 1996 election National emerged as the largest party but it was forced to enter into a coalition with New Zealand First. Bolger continued as Prime Minister, however his critics argued that he gave the inexperienced NZ First too much influence in his Cabinet. On 8 December 1997, Bolger was effectively ousted as leader by his party caucus, and was replaced as Prime Minister by Jenny Shipley.\nAfter resigning as a Member of Parliament in 1998, Bolger became Ambassador to the United States and remained in this post until 2002.", "Q34529": "B\u00e9la Ferenc Dezs\u0151 Blask\u00f3 (Hungarian: [\u02c8be\u02d0l\u0252 \u02c8f\u025br\u025bnt\u0361s \u02c8d\u025b\u0292\u00f8\u02d0 \u02c8bl\u0252\u0283ko\u02d0]; 20 October 1882 \u2013 16 August 1956), known professionally as Bela Lugosi (; Hungarian: [\u02c8lu\u0261o\u0283i]), was a Hungarian-American actor best remembered for portraying Count Dracula in the 1931 film and for his roles in other horror films.After playing small parts on the stage in his native Hungary, Lugosi gained his first role in a film in 1917. He had to leave the country after the failed Hungarian Communist Revolution of 1919 because of his socialist activism. He acted in several films in Weimar Germany before arriving in the United States as a seaman on a merchant ship.\nIn 1927, he appeared as Count Dracula in a Broadway adaptation of Bram Stoker's novel. He later appeared in the 1931 film Dracula directed by Tod Browning and produced by Universal Pictures. Through the 1930s, he occupied an important niche in horror films, with their East European setting, but his Hungarian accent limited his potential casting, and he unsuccessfully tried to avoid typecasting.\nMeanwhile, he was often paired with Boris Karloff, who was able to demand top billing. To his frustration, Lugosi, a charter member of the American Screen Actors Guild, was increasingly restricted to minor parts, kept employed by the studio principally so that they could put his name on the posters. Among his pairings with Karloff, he performed major roles only in The Black Cat (1934), The Raven (1935), and Son of Frankenstein (1939); even in The Raven, Karloff received top billing despite Lugosi performing the lead role. By this time, Lugosi had been receiving regular medication for sciatic neuritis, and he became addicted to morphine and methadone. This drug dependence was known to producers, and the offers eventually dwindled to a few parts in Ed Wood's low-budget films\u2014including a brief appearance in Plan 9 from Outer Space (1959). Lugosi was married five times and had one son, Bela George. He died of a heart attack on 16 August 1956.", "Q309832": "Igor Nikolaevich Smirnov (Russian: \u0418\u0301\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432, tr. Igor\u02b9 Nikolayevich Smirnov; born 23 October 1941) is a Transnistrian politician who served as the first president (1991\u20132011) of the internationally unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic.\n\n", "Q65000": "Beinwil am See is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q1386876": "Jason Matthew Thirsk (December 25, 1967 \u2013 July 29, 1996) was the bass player of the California punk rock band Pennywise from 1988 through his death in 1996. He grew up in Hermosa Beach, California.\nPennywise was formed in 1988 by Thirsk along with singer Jim Lindberg, guitarist Fletcher Dragge, and drummer Byron McMackin. Thirsk did not like to travel. Thirsk had been in rehabilitation for alcoholism and suffered from depression, died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound at the age of 28. The band decided to continue making music after Thirsk's death, and brought in bass guitarist Randy Bradbury from One Hit Wonder. The band then set about writing an album of new material which was made up of mostly anti-suicide messages. One of Pennywise's most popular songs, \"Bro Hymn\", was originally written by Thirsk as a tribute to three of his friends: Tim Colvin, Carlos Canton, who died in a car accident, and Tom Nichols, who drowned at Hermosa Beach Pier in 1988. The band re-recorded the song after his death as a tribute to their fallen bandmate, replacing the line \"Canton, Colvin, Nichols, this one's for you\" with \"Jason Matthew Thirsk, this one's for you\", and renaming the track \"Bro Hymn Tribute\". It appears as the final track on Full Circle and a live version can also be found on Live @ the Key Club, released in 2000. Justin Thirsk, Jason's brother and drummer from 98 Mute, appears on the re-recording, both on drums and vocals.", "Q66509": "Arthur Adolf, Count of Posadowsky-Wehner, Baron of Postelwitz (German: Arthur Graf von Posadowsky-Wehner Freiherr von Postelwitz, 3 June 1845 \u2013 23 October 1932) was a German conservative statesman. He served as Secretary for the Treasury (1893\u20131897), Secretary of the Interior, Vice Chancellor of Germany and Prussian Minister of State (1897\u20131907).\nBorn to Silesian nobility, the son of a judge, Posadowsky-Wehner studied law in Berlin, Heidelberg and Breslau and earned a doctorate in law in 1867. He subsequently acquired an agricultural property, and entered politics in 1871, when he became a member of the province government in Posen. In 1882 he became a member of the Parliament of Prussia, and was appointed Landeshauptmann of Posen in 1885.\nPosadowsky was a crucial figure for the election reform in 1903. He took care of a new voting technique to protect the secrecy of the ballot for the German parliament.\nPosadowsky-Wehner was the candidate of the German National People's Party for the Presidency of Germany in 1919, but he lost to Friedrich Ebert.\n\n", "Q144746": "Zachary Phillip Wylde (born Jeffrey Phillip Wielandt; January 14, 1967) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and actor. He is best known for his tenure as the lead guitarist for Ozzy Osbourne and as the founder, lead guitarist, and lead singer of the heavy metal band Black Label Society. His signature bulls-eye design appears on many of his guitars and is widely recognized. He was also the lead guitarist and vocalist of Pride and Glory, who released one self-titled album in 1994 before disbanding. As a solo artist, he released the albums Book of Shadows and Book of Shadows II.", "Q323771": "Teknolust is a 2002 film written, produced, and directed by Lynn Hershman Leeson who, at the time of production, was working in the art department at University of California, Davis. It stars Tilda Swinton and Jeremy Davies.", "Q85692": "Alfred Halm (1861\u20131951) was an Austrian screenwriter and film director. He was the father of the actor Harry Halm.", "Q943125": "Vladimir Mikhailovich Jurowski (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; born 4 April 1972, Moscow, Russia) is a Russian and British conductor. He is the son of conductor Michail Jurowski, and grandson of Soviet film music composer Vladimir Michailovich Jurowski.", "Q11959": "Alicante (, also UK: , Spanish: [ali\u02c8kante]; Valencian: Alacant [ala\u02c8kant]) is a city on the Costa Blanca, Spain. It is the capital of the province of Alicante, and a historic Mediterranean port. The population of the city was 330,525 as of 2016, the second-largest in Valencia.", "Q278761": "Rajeevan is an art director in Indian films. He is a graduate of Loyola College, Chennai.", "Q423258": "Orhei (Romanian pronunciation: [or\u02c8hej]; Yiddish Uriv \u2013 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05f0), also formerly known as Orgeev (Russian: \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432), is a city, municipality and the administrative centre of Orhei District in the Republic of Moldova, with a population of 21,065. Orhei is approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) north of the capital, Chi\u0219in\u0103u.", "Q388492": "Afromental is a Polish rock and rapcore band formed in Olsztyn in 2004.\nThe group has released four singles: \"I've Got What You Need\" (2007), \"Thing We've Got\" (2008), \"Happy Day\" (2008), and \"Pray 4 Love\" (2009). They have released two full-length albums on EMI Poland, and their 2009 release Playing with Pop reached #19 on the Polish Music Charts.", "Q981270": "Serge Dassault (French: [s\u025b\u0281\u0292 daso]; 4 April 1925 \u2013 28 May 2018) was a French billionaire heir, businessman and politician. He was the chairman and chief executive officer of Dassault Group, and a conservative politician.\nAccording to Forbes, Dassault's net worth was estimated in 2016 at US$15 billion.", "Q247591": "The Rounders is a 1965 American western film directed by Burt Kennedy and starring Glenn Ford and Henry Fonda. It is based on the 1960 novel of the same name by Max Evans.", "Q60178": "Johannes Trithemius (; 1 February 1462 \u2013 13 December 1516), born Johann Heidenberg, was a German Benedictine abbot and a polymath who was active in the German Renaissance as a lexicographer, chronicler, cryptographer, and occultist. He had considerable influence on the development of early modern and modern occultism. His students included Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa and Paracelsus.", "Q58381": "Duran Duran () is an English new wave band formed in Birmingham in 1978. The band was one of the most successful acts of the 1980s, but by the end of the decade, membership and music style changes challenged the band before a resurgence in the early 1990s. The group were a leading band in the MTV-driven Second British Invasion of the US in the 1980s. They achieved 14 singles in the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart and 21 in the US Billboard Hot 100, and have sold over 100 million records worldwide.When the band emerged they were generally considered part of the New Romantic scene, along with bands such as Spandau Ballet and Visage. However, Duran Duran would soon shed this image by using fashion and marketing to build a more refined and elegant presentation. The band have won numerous awards throughout their career: two Brit Awards including the 2004 award for Outstanding Contribution to Music, two Grammy Awards, an MTV Video Music Award for Lifetime Achievement, and a Video Visionary Award from the MTV Europe Music Awards. They were also awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.The video age catapulted Duran Duran into the mainstream with the introduction of the 24-hour music channel MTV. Many of their videos were shot on 35 mm film, which gave a much more polished look than was standard at the time. They also collaborated with professional film directors to take the quality a step further, often teaming up with Australian director Russell Mulcahy for some of their most memorable video offerings. In 1984, the band were early innovators with video technology in their live stadium shows.The group was formed by keyboardist Nick Rhodes and bassist John Taylor, with the later addition of drummer Roger Taylor, and after numerous personnel changes, guitarist Andy Taylor and lead singer Simon Le Bon. (None of the Taylors are related.) These five members featured the most commercially successful line-up. The group have never disbanded, but after the departures of Andy and Roger Taylor in 1986, the line-up has changed to include former Missing Persons American guitarist Warren Cuccurullo from 1989 to 2001 and American drummer Sterling Campbell from 1989 to 1991. The reunion of the original five members in the early 2000s created a stir among the band's fans and music media. Andy Taylor left the band once again in mid-2006, and guitarist Dominic Brown has since been working with the band as a session player and touring member.", "Q173854": "G\u00e9rard Ducarouge (23 October 1941 \u2013 19 February 2015) was a French Formula One car designer.", "Q268214": "Bordighera (Italian pronunciation: [bordi\u02c8\u0261\u025b\u02d0ra]; Ligurian: A Bordighea, locally A Burdighea) is a town and comune in the Province of Imperia, Liguria (Italy).\n\n", "Q78051": "Dieter Noll (31 December 1927 \u2013 6 February 2008) was a German writer. His best known work is the two volume novel Die Abenteuer des Werner Holt from the early 1960s which had sold over two million copies by his death.", "Q67171": "Gais (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261a\u026as]) is a village and a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. The area of Gais is 21.21 km2 (8.19 sq mi).\nIn 1977, the village Gais received the Wakker Prize for the development and preservation of its architectural heritage. The village square, the Protestant church of 1782, the former spa hotel Neuer Ochsen of 1796 and the Krone inn of 1781 are listed as heritage sites of national significance.", "Q260648": "Feast is a 2005 American action horror comedy film directed by John Gulager, produced by Michael Leahy, Joel Soisson, Larry Tanz and Andrew Jameson. It was written by Marcus Dunstan and Patrick Melton and stars Balthazar Getty, Henry Rollins, Navi Rawat, Judah Friedlander, Jenny Wade, Gulager's father Clu Gulager, Josh Zuckerman and Jason Mewes. The story revolves around a group of people gathered inside a local bar in Nevada, where they are suddenly attacked by a horde of monstrous creatures.\nFeast is a result of the amateur filmmaking documentary series and contest Project Greenlight's third season. The winning team was composed of writers Dunstan and Melton and director Gulager. The executive producers were Ben Affleck, Matt Damon, Chris Moore (through their LivePlanet production company), Wes Craven and the Maloof family.\nThe film had a limited release in the United States on September 22, 2006, and premiered at the Chicago International Film Festival on April 14, 2005. Upon its release, it received generally mixed to negative reviews from critics, while some highly praised the cast performances as well as the story's humor. It grossed only $658 thousand against a production budget of $3 million.", "Q21590660": "Western is a genre of fiction which tells stories set primarily in the latter half of the 19th century in the American Old West, often centering on the life of a nomadic cowboy or gunfighter armed with a revolver and a rifle who rides a horse. Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats, neckerchief bandannas, vests, spurs, cowboy boots, and buckskins (alternatively dusters). Recurring characters include the aforementioned cowboys, Native Americans, Spaniards, Mexicans, bandits, lawmen, bounty hunters, outlaws, gamblers, soldiers (especially mounted cavalry, such as buffalo soldiers), and settlers (farmers, ranchers, and townsfolk). The ambience is usually punctuated with a Western music score, including American and Spanish/Mexican folk music such as country, Native American music, New Mexico music, and rancheras.\nWesterns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape of deserts and mountains. Often, the vast landscape plays an important role, presenting a \"mythic vision of the plains and deserts of the American West.\" Specific settings include ranches, small frontier towns, saloons, railways, wilderness, and isolated military forts of the Wild West.\nCommon plots include:\n\nThe construction of a railroad or a telegraph line on the wild frontier.\nRanchers protecting their family ranch from rustlers or large landowners, or who build a ranch empire.\nRevenge stories, which hinge on the chase and pursuit by someone who has been wronged.\nStories about cavalry fighting Native Americans.\nOutlaw gang plots.\nStories about a lawman or bounty hunter tracking down his quarry.Many Westerns use a stock plot of depicting a crime, then showing the pursuit of the wrongdoer, ending in revenge and retribution, which is often dispensed through a shootout or quick-draw duel.The Western has been recognized as the most popular Hollywood film genre of the early 20th century through the 1960s. Western films first became well-attended in the 1930s. John Ford's landmark Western film Stagecoach (1939) became one of the biggest hits of that year, and made John Wayne a mainstream movie star. The popularity of Westerns continued to grow in the 1940s, with the release of films such as The Ox-Bow Incident (1943), My Darling Clementine (1946), Fort Apache (1948), and Red River (1948). The 1950s have been described as the \"Golden Age of the Western,\" and saw the release of films such as Broken Arrow (1950), High Noon (1952), Shane (1953), Wichita (1955), The Searchers (1956), and Rio Bravo (1959). Notable Western films released in the 1960s include Cat Ballou (1965), The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), The Wild Bunch (1969), and Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969).Classic Westerns such as these have been the inspiration for various films about Western-type characters in contemporary settings, such as Junior Bonner (1972), set in the 1970s, and The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada (2005), set in the 21st century.", "Q497925": "Alexander Romanovich Belyaev (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0301\u0435\u0432, [\u0250l\u02b2\u026ak\u02c8sandr r\u0250\u02c8man\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 b\u02b2\u026a\u02c8l\u02b2\u00e6\u026af]; 16 March [O.S. 4 March] 1884 \u2013 6 January 1942) was a Soviet Russian writer of science fiction. His works from the 1920s and 1930s made him a highly regarded figure in Russian science fiction, often referred to as \"Russia's Jules Verne\". Belyaev's best known books include Professor Dowell's Head, Amphibian Man, Ariel, and The Air Seller.\n\n", "Q973958": "James Fuller Fixx (April 23, 1932 \u2013 July 20, 1984), known as \"Jim Fixx,\" was an American who wrote the 1977 best-selling book The Complete Book of Running. He is credited with helping start America's fitness revolution by popularizing the sport of running and demonstrating the health benefits of regular jogging. He died of a heart attack while jogging at 52 years of age; his genetic predisposition for heart problems and other previous lifestyle factors may have caused his heart attack.", "Q2136491": "Reed Eliot Slatkin (January 22, 1949 \u2013 June 23, 2015) was an initial investor and co-founder of EarthLink and the perpetrator of one of the largest Ponzi schemes in the United States since that conducted by Charles Ponzi himself.Slatkin had been an ordained Scientology minister since 1975. Around 1984 he changed from being a full-time minister to becoming a self-employed investor, and many of his investment clients and victims were also Scientologists.", "Q365042": "Bret Michael Sychak (born March 15, 1963), professionally known as Bret Michaels, is an American singer-songwriter and musician. He gained fame as the lead singer of the rock band Poison who have sold over 40 million records worldwide and 15 million records in the United States alone. The band has also charted 10 singles to the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100, including six Top 10 singles and a number-one single, \"Every Rose Has Its Thorn\".Besides his career as lead singer, he has several solo albums to his credit, including the soundtrack album to the movie A Letter from Death Row in which Michaels starred, wrote and directed in 1998, and a Poison-style rock album, Songs of Life, in 2003. Michaels has appeared in several movies and TV shows, including as a judge on the talent show Nashville Star which led to his country influenced rock album Freedom of Sound in 2005. He starred in the hit VH1 reality show Rock of Love with Bret Michaels and its sequels, which inspired his successful solo album Rock My World. He was also the winning contestant on NBC's reality show Celebrity Apprentice 3 and also featured in his own reality docu-series Bret Michaels: Life As I Know It, which inspired his highest charting album as a solo artist, Custom Built, reaching No. 1 on Billboard's Hard Rock list. He is also known for hosting on the Travel Channel. In 2006, Hit Parader ranked Michaels at #40 on their list of greatest Heavy metal singers of all-time.", "Q162959": "Blake Ellender Lively (n\u00e9e Brown; born August 25, 1987) is an American actress. Lively is known for starring as Serena van der Woodsen in the CW drama television series Gossip Girl (2007\u20132012). She also starred in a number of films, including The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants (2005), The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 (2008), The Town (2010), Green Lantern (2011), Savages (2012), The Age of Adaline (2015), The Shallows (2016) and A Simple Favor (2018).\nShe has been married to Canadian-American actor Ryan Reynolds since 2012, with whom she has three children.", "Q963593": "John Richard Basehart (August 31, 1914 \u2013 September 17, 1984) was an American actor. He starred as Admiral Harriman Nelson in the television science fiction drama Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1964\u201368). He also portrayed Wilton Knight in the series Knight Rider (1982\u201386).\nBasehart was equally active in cinema, receiving National Board of Review Awards for his performances in Fourteen Hours (1951) and Moby Dick (1956). He was further nominated for a BAFTA Award for his role in Time Limit (1957), the directorial debut of Karl Malden.", "Q241686": "Lake Siegel Bell (born March 24, 1979) is an American actress, director, and screenwriter. She has starred in various television series, including Boston Legal (2004\u20132006), Surface (2005\u20132006), How to Make It in America (2010\u20132011) and Childrens Hospital (2008\u20132016), and in films including Over Her Dead Body (2008), What Happens in Vegas (2008), It's Complicated (2009), No Strings Attached (2011), Million Dollar Arm (2014), No Escape (2015), The Secret Life of Pets (2016), and Home Again (2017).\nShe wrote and directed the short film Worst Enemy, which debuted at the Sundance Film Festival in 2012, followed by her 2013 feature film directing debut In a World..., in which she also starred. In 2017 she directed, wrote, co-produced and starred in I Do... Until I Don't.", "Q953450": "Jorge M\u00e1rio da Silva, more commonly known by his stage name Seu Jorge (born June 8, 1970; Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8sew \u02c8\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292i]), is a Brazilian musical artist, songwriter, and actor. He is considered by many a renewer of Brazilian pop samba. Seu Jorge cites samba schools and American soul singer Stevie Wonder as major musical influences. Jorge is also known for his film roles as Man\u00e9 Galinha in the 2002 film City of God and as Pel\u00e9 dos Santos in the 2004 film The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou. His musical work has received praise from many of his fellow musicians including Beck and David Bowie.", "Q112266": "The Honourable John Talbot (c. 1712 \u2013 23 September 1756) was a British judge and Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1734 to 1756. \nTalbot was the third son of Charles Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot, and his wife Cecil Mathews, daughter of Charles Mathews of Castell-y-Mynach. His father served as Lord Chancellor from 1733 to 1737.Talbot was appointed Recorder of Brecon in 1734 and was also returned as Member of Parliament for Brecon, on the Tredegar interest, at the 1734 British general election. In Parliament, he voted for the Government in all recorded divisions. On 13 December 1734 he was admitted at Lincoln's Inn and was called to the bar in 1737. On 30 May 1737, he married Henrietta Decker, the daughter of Sir Matthew Decker, 1st Baronet. \nIn 1740 Talbot was appointed Puisne Justice of Chester for life, and was returned for Brecon at the ensuing by-election before being returned unopposed at the 1741 British general election. In 1742 he was on the court list for the ballot on members of the committee of inquiry into Walpole's Administration, to which he was one of the few Old Whigs elected. He left his post as Recorder in 1745.Talbot was returned again unopposed for Brecon at the 1747 British general election. His wife died in September 1747. In August 1748 he married Hon. Catherine Chetwynd, daughter of John Chetwynd, 2nd Viscount Chetwynd. After 1747, Talbot believed his seat at Brecon was no longer secure, and he suggested that the Duke of Newcastle should find him a seat elsewhere. He was proposed instead for Ilchester where his successful return cost \u00a32,000, half of which was met from the government's secret service funds. In December 1755 he was appointed junior Lord of Trade, and was again returned at the ensuing by-election at Ilchester.Talbot died on 23 September 1756. His first marriage was childless, but by his second wife he had four sons:\n\nJohn Chetwynd-Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot (1749\u20131793)\nCapt. William Henry Talbot (died 1782)\nRev. George Talbot, married Anne Beauclerk, daughter of Col. Lord Henry Beauclerk, in 1794\nLt-Col. Charles Talbot (died 1804)", "Q180704": "Iron Man is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was co-created by writer and editor Stan Lee, developed by scripter Larry Lieber, and designed by artists Don Heck and Jack Kirby. The character made his first appearance in Tales of Suspense #39 (cover dated March 1963), and received his own title in Iron Man #1 (May 1968).\nA wealthy American business magnate, playboy, and ingenious scientist, Anthony Edward \"Tony\" Stark suffers a severe chest injury during a kidnapping. When his captors attempt to force him to build a weapon of mass destruction, he instead creates a mechanized suit of armor to save his life and escape captivity. Later, Stark develops his suit, adding weapons and other technological devices he designed through his company, Stark Industries. He uses the suit and successive versions to protect the world as Iron Man. Although at first concealing his true identity, Stark eventually declared that he was, in fact, Iron Man in a public announcement.\nInitially, Iron Man was a vehicle for Stan Lee to explore Cold War themes, particularly the role of American technology and industry in the fight against communism. Subsequent re-imaginings of Iron Man have transitioned from Cold War motifs to contemporary matters of the time.Throughout most of the character's publication history, Iron Man has been a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers and has been featured in several incarnations of his own various comic book series. Iron Man has been adapted for several animated TV shows and films. The Marvel Cinematic Universe character was portrayed by Robert Downey Jr. in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Iron Man (2008), The Incredible Hulk (2008) in a cameo, Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019) in archive footage, and will reprise his role in Black Widow (2020).\nIron Man was ranked 12th on IGN's \"Top 100 Comic Book Heroes\" in 2011 and third in their list of \"The Top 50 Avengers\" in 2012.", "Q539214": "Miriam Tlali (11 November 1933 \u2013 24 February 2017) was a South African novelist. She was the first black woman in South Africa to publish an English-language novel, Muriel at Metropolitan, in 1975. She was also one of the first to write about Soweto. Most of her writing was originally banned by the South African apartheid regime.", "Q445863": "Happy Rhodes (born Kimberley Tyler Rhodes, August 9, 1965) is an American singer, songwriter, instrumentalist and electronic musician with a four-octave vocal range, releasing 11 albums between 1986 and 2007. In 2016, she came out of retirement and started singing with Security Project, a Peter Gabriel appreciation band, singing lead for 11 live shows in 2016, 19 shows in 2017, and 8 more shows in Spring 2018.[1]", "Q361224": "John Wentworth (nicknamed \"Long John\") (March 5, 1815 \u2013 October 16, 1888) was the editor of the Chicago Democrat, publisher of an extensive Wentworth family genealogy, a two-term mayor of Chicago, and a six-term member of the United States House of Representatives, both before and after his service as mayor.\nAfter growing up in New Hampshire, he joined the migration west and moved to the developing city of Chicago in 1836, where he made his adult life. Wentworth was affiliated with the Democratic Party until 1855; then he changed to the Republican Party. After retiring from politics, he wrote a three-volume genealogy of the Wentworth family in the United States.", "Q752419": "Big Time Rush was an American pop music boy band formed in 2009. The group consisted of Kendall Schmidt, James Maslow, Logan Henderson, and Carlos Pena Jr. The group starred in Nickelodeon's television series Big Time Rush and signed to a record deal with Nick Records simultaneously with the television series, and then the group was eventually signed to Columbia Records. The show ran from November 28, 2009 to July 25, 2013. The pilot episode featured the group's first promotional single, \"Big Time Rush\". They released three studio albums, which all achieved success. The band ceased performing in 2014.", "Q91181": "Jutta Gerta Armgard von Ditfurth (born September 29, 1951) is a German sociologist, writer, and radical ecologist politician. Being born into the noble house of Ditfurth, members of which had been noble ministeriales invested with hereditary administrative titles and offices in various regions of today's Saxony-Anhalt and Lower Saxony and elsewhere in the Holy Roman Empire, a daughter of the German physician and science journalist Hoimar von Ditfurth and a sister of the historian Christian von Ditfurth, in 1978 she attempted to have her name legally changed to remove the nobiliary particle \"von\" and to become the plainer Jutta Ditfurth, but was refused the change by the authorities. She is nonetheless known throughout Germany by her adopted non-noble name, which she prefers.\nDitfurth studied art history, sociology, political science, economic history, and philosophy in Germany, Scotland, and the US, at the universities of Heidelberg, Hamburg, Freiburg, Glasgow, Detroit, and Bielefeld, graduating as a sociologist in 1977. After her final graduation, she worked as a sociologist, journalist, and writer, and also as a shift worker.\nDitfurth has been politically active within the New Left since the early 1970s, joining internationalist and feminist groups, as well as participating in the nascent Green and anti-nuclear movement. Around 1980, she became member of the newfounded German Green Party. In the 1980s, she was approached by the CIA to work for it, but she refused. Towards the late 1980s, she became highly critical of the subsequent trajectory of the German Green Party, which she described as counterrevolutionary, hierarchical, and nepotistic; she left the Greens in 1991.As a candidate on an international list of the Greek Left-wing party New Left Current during the 1999 European elections, she ran a campaign critical of the military German and NATO involvement in the Kosovo War, but did not win enough votes to win a seat in the European Parliament. In 2000, she co-founded the minor German party Ecological Left, of which she remains a member and on whose ticket she won a seat in the city parliament of Frankfurt in 2001 and 2011. In 2007, she published a biography of the Red Army Faction member Ulrike Meinhof.\nShe is currently based in Frankfurt. Her works remain largely untranslated into English.\n\nGoing beyond the Greens, radical ecology has to fill the enormous vacuum that once constituted the left--our movement must be against capitalism, it must be independent, and people in it must be accountable. With the Greens we were too naive--it was too easy for people like Joschka Fischer to take over the Green project for his own purposes. Now we have to keep this from happening again. And we must be prepared to work patiently to build this movement.\nIn March 2020 Ditfurth showed symptoms of an infectio with the coronavirus, but has not been tested yet.", "Q170385": "Pope Lucius II (died 15 February 1145), born Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 March 1144 to his death in 1145. His pontificate was notable for the unrest in Rome associated with the Commune of Rome and its attempts to wrest control of the city from the papacy. He supported Empress Matilda's claim to England in the Anarchy, and had a tense relationship with King Roger II of Sicily.", "Q439566": "Yefim Alekseevich Pridvorov (Russian: \u0415\u0444\u0438\u0301\u043c \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432, IPA: [j\u026a\u02c8f\u02b2im \u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ks\u02b2ej\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 pr\u02b2\u026a\u02c8dvor\u0259f] (listen); April 13 [O.S. April 1] 1883 \u2013 May 25, 1945), better known by the pen name Demyan Bedny (Russian: \u0414\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044f\u0301\u043d \u0411\u0435\u0301\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439, IPA: [d\u02b2\u026a\u02c8m\u02b2jan \u02c8b\u02b2edn\u0268j] (listen), Damian the Poor), was a Soviet Russian poet, Bolshevik and satirist.", "Q202973": "Kingston is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It is on the eastern end of Lake Ontario, at the beginning of the St. Lawrence River and at the mouth of the Cataraqui River (south end of the Rideau Canal). The city is midway between Toronto, Ontario and Montreal, Quebec. The Thousand Islands tourist region is nearby to the east. Kingston is nicknamed the \"Limestone City\" because of the many heritage buildings constructed using local limestone.\nGrowing European exploration in the 17th century, and the desire for the Europeans to establish a presence close to local Native occupants to control trade, led to the founding of a French trading post and military fort at a site known as \"Cataraqui\" (generally pronounced \"kah-tah-ROCK-way\") in 1673. This outpost, called Fort Cataraqui, and later Fort Frontenac, became a focus for settlement. Since 1760, the site of Kingston, Ontario, was in effective British possession. Cataraqui would be renamed Kingston after the British took possession of the fort, and Loyalists began settling the region in the 1780s. \nKingston was named the first capital of the United Province of Canada on February 10, 1841. While its time as a capital city was short (ending in 1844), the community has remained an important military installation. Kingston was the county seat of Frontenac County until 1998. Kingston is now a separate municipality from the County of Frontenac.\n\n", "Q5429093": "The Facult\u00e9 de droit de l'Universit\u00e9 Laval is the law school of Universit\u00e9 Laval. Founded in 1852, it is one of the oldest institutions of its kind in North America. It hosts more than 1,000 students in its curriculum of first, second, and third years, with more than 45 lecturers teaching and supervising research projects in most areas of law. The research activity is particularly intense in the field of human rights and public freedoms in light of legal issues, economic law, environmental law, public law, and private international trade.\nTeaching and research are based on a law library with more than 200,000 documents, which receives subscriptions of several hundred legal periodicals from Quebec, Canada, and internationally.", "Q832910": "L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Toroczkai (born L\u00e1szl\u00f3 T\u00f3th, March 10, 1978) is a Hungarian politician, journalist, leader of the Our Home Movement political party and mayor of \u00c1sotthalom. He is also founding member of the HVIM youth organization, the Hunnia national radical movement and former Vice President of Jobbik. Between 2002 and 2013 he served as editor-in-chief of the Magyar Jelen newspaper.\nBorn in Szeged, Toroczkai studied communication at the University of Szeged. He became a nationally known political figure during the 2006 protests in Hungary and especially because of his role in the Siege of the Headquarter of Magyar Telev\u00edzi\u00f3, the Hungarian public television where he led the protesting crowd in Budapest from the Kossuth Square to the Liberty Square. Since 2013 he is the mayor of \u00c1sotthalom. It was his idea early 2015 to build a border fence on the southern border of Hungary which was later implemented as the Hungarian border barrier the same year by the Hungarian government.On June 8, 2018 Jobbik withdrew Torockai's membership and excluded him from the party. In response he established a new political movement which formed into a party called Our Home Movement.He defines himself as a national radical.\n\n", "Q100662": "Riccardo Cassin (2 January 1909 \u2013 6 August 2009) was an Italian mountaineer, developer of mountaineering equipment and author.", "Q167821": "Eugene Luther Gore Vidal (; born Eugene Louis Vidal, October 3, 1925 \u2013 July 31, 2012) was an American writer and public intellectual known for his epigrammatic wit, patrician manner, and polished style of writing.Vidal was born into a political family; his maternal grandfather, Thomas Pryor Gore, served as United States senator from Oklahoma (1907\u20131921 and 1931\u20131937). Vidal himself twice sought office\u2014unsuccessfully\u2014as a Democratic Party candidate, first in 1960 to the United States House of Representatives (for New York), and later in 1982 to the U.S. Senate (for California).As a political commentator and essayist, Vidal's primary focus was the history and society of the United States, especially how a militaristic foreign policy reduced the country to a decadent empire. His political and cultural essays were published in The Nation, the New Statesman, the New York Review of Books, and Esquire magazines. As a public intellectual, Gore Vidal's topical debates on sex, politics, and religion with other intellectuals and writers occasionally turned into quarrels with the likes of William F. Buckley Jr. and Norman Mailer. Vidal thought all men and women are potentially bisexual.As a novelist, Vidal explored the nature of corruption in public and private life. His polished and erudite style of narration readily evoked the time and place of his stories, and perceptively delineated the psychology of his characters. His third novel, The City and the Pillar (1948), offended the literary, political, and moral sensibilities of conservative book reviewers, the plot being about a dispassionately presented male homosexual relationship. In the historical novel genre, Vidal recreated the imperial world of Julian the Apostate (r. AD 361\u201363) in Julian (1964). Julian was the Roman emperor who used religious tolerance to re-establish pagan polytheism to counter the political subversion of Christian monotheism. In social satire, Myra Breckinridge (1968) explores the mutability of gender roles and sexual orientation as being social constructs established by social mores. In Burr (1973) and Lincoln (1984), each protagonist is presented as \"A Man of the People\" and as \"A Man\" in a narrative exploration of how the public and private facets of personality affect the national politics of the United States.", "Q63317": "Sascha Schmitz (born 5 January 1972), better known by his stage name Sasha, is a German singer, songwriter, musician and occasional actor. He is also known by his alter ego Dick Brave, and part of the group Dick Brave & the Backbeats. Due to a legal dispute with the Welsh DJ also named Sasha, he is known as Sasha Alexander in the United States.", "Q1718067": "K-Solo (born Kevin Madison on April 17, 1968) is an American rapper from Central Islip, New York who, along with Redman, EPMD, Das EFX, and Keith Murray, was part of the Hit Squad in the 1990s.", "Q683724": "The Armenian Apostolic Church (Armenian: \u0540\u0561\u0575 \u0531\u057c\u0561\u0584\u0565\u056c\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0535\u056f\u0565\u0572\u0565\u0581\u056b, romanized: Hay A\u1e59ak'elakan Yekeghetsi) is the national church of the Armenian people. Part of Oriental Orthodoxy, it is one of the most ancient Christian institutions. The Kingdom of Armenia was the first state to adopt Christianity as its official religion under the rule of King Tiridates III in the early 4th century. According to tradition, the church originated in the missions of Apostles Bartholomew and Thaddeus in the 1st century.\nIt is sometimes referred to as the Armenian Orthodox Church or Gregorian Church. The latter is not preferred by the church itself, as it views the Apostles Bartholomew and Thaddeus as its founders, and St. Gregory the Illuminator as merely the first official governor of the church. It is also known simply as the Armenian Church.", "Q430224": "Buckcherry is an American rock band from Anaheim, California, formed in 1995. The band released two albums, Buckcherry (1999) and Time Bomb (2001), before dissolving in 2002. In 2005, lead vocalist Josh Todd and lead guitarist Keith Nelson reformed Buckcherry with a new lineup and released a new album in 2006, 15. It contained Buckcherry's biggest crossover hits to date, \"Crazy Bitch\", and their first Billboard Hot 100 top ten hit, \"Sorry\". Their fourth album, Black Butterfly, was released in 2008, and their fifth album, All Night Long, was released in 2010. Buckcherry released their sixth album, Confessions, in 2013, followed by their seventh album Rock 'n' Roll in 2015. They released their eighth album Warpaint in 2019.", "Q106207": "Peter Karl Otto Straub (born 8 September 1939) is a politician from Germany, and served as president of the Committee of the Regions (CoR) of the European Union (EU) from 2004 to 2006.", "Q361230": "Thomas Michael Holt (July 15, 1831 \u2013 April 11, 1896) was an American industrialist who served as the 47th Governor of North Carolina from 1891 to 1893. Formerly a North Carolina State Senator and Speaker of the House of the North Carolina General Assembly, Holt was instrumental in the founding of North Carolina State University, as well as in establishing several railroads within the state and the state's department of agriculture. Holt was also responsible for the technology behind the family's Holt Mills 'Alamance Plaids,' the first colored cotton goods produced in the South \u2013 a development that revolutionized the Southern textile industry.\nHe was born in Alamance County, North Carolina, July 15, 1831. Thomas Michael Holt was a descendant of Michael Holt or Holdt, one of the earliest settlers of the Germanna Colony in Virginia in the early 18th century. Holt studied at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for one year before briefly moving to work in a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, dry goods store.\nIn 1858, Thomas and his father, Edwin Michael Holt, acquired Benjamin Trollinger's bankrupt textile-manufacturing mill later known as the \"Granite Mill,\" (located in Haw River, North Carolina). In 1861, Thomas acquired his father's interest in the mill and moved to Haw River to oversee the mill's operations. (Edwin Michael Holt had formerly manufactured the so-called Alamance Plaids, the first cotton goods produced in the South on power looms. Edwin M. Holt established his Alamance Cotton Mill in 1837, thus beginning the Southern textile industry.)In 1868, Thomas 's brother-in-law, Adolphus \"Dolph\" Moore, became business partners with Thomas and the operation was renamed Holt & Moore. In 1876, Moore was murdered, and the mills were consolidated as the Thomas M. Holt Manufacturing Company. (Other members of the Holt family were operating the Haw River Mills, Glencoe Mills, Carolina Mill, Lafayette Mill, the Pilot Mill of Raleigh, and others in their expanding family empire.)After Thomas's death in 1896, his son, Thomas Jr., took over operations of the mills and expanded them. In 1900, the mills were organized by a local labor union, which sponsored a strike that was eventually broken by lockouts and mill housing evictions by the mill management.\n\nThomas's party affiliation was Democratic, and he served as a local magistrate, a county commissioner, as a member of North Carolina's state senate (24th District) in 1876, as a member of North Carolina's state house of representatives from Alamance County, 1883\u201387, as the sixth Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina, 1889\u201391, and upon the death of governor (Daniel G. Fowle), as 47th Governor of North Carolina, 1891\u201393.\nAs governor, he was actively involved in establishing a new system of county government, in the construction of the\nWestern North Carolina Railroad and the Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley Railway as well as the North Carolina Railroad, which Holt served as president, as well as in increasing the funding for public schools, the University, and the state hospitals. He pushed for the establishment of an institution for the deaf at Morganton. An outstanding accomplishment was his getting the holders of bonds for the North Carolina Railroad to release the State from the lien on the State's shares. This saved the State money as the property was valued at more than $5 million. The Holt family had long ties to the railroad company, and these were undoubtedly useful in Holt's striking a deal with the bondholders. Following his service as governor, Holt sat on the boards of both the University of North Carolina and Davidson College.In 1892, he was defeated by Elias Carr for the Democratic nomination for governor.\nHolt was aided in the burgeoning Holt family mill empire by his brother-in-law, James Nathaniel Williamson, who had married Thomas Michael Holt's sister Mary. The Holt family eventually became the largest textile barons in the state, running scores of different mills, under various names, and as various Holt heirs and their in-laws broke off from the main enterprise and founded their own companies. Ultimately, however, the Holt mills were sold by the family and became the backbone of the emerging Burlington Mills (later Burlington Industries), overseen by rival industrialist Spencer Love.\n\nThomas Holt died April 11, 1896.", "Q1748644": "Martin Freeland is a British Goa trance artist, record producer and DJ, who has performed under the pseudonym of Man With No Name since 1990. He is best known for the singles \"Teleport\" and \"Floor-Essence,\" both of which appeared in the UK Singles Chart.", "Q714458": "Dylan O'Brien (born August 26, 1991) is an American actor. He is known for his lead role as Thomas in the Maze Runner dystopian science fiction trilogy and for his role as Stiles Stilinski in the MTV television series Teen Wolf. O'Brien's other work includes starring roles in films such as The First Time and American Assassin and supporting roles in The Internship and Deepwater Horizon.", "Q1757764": "Mount Royal (French: Mont Royal, IPA: [m\u0254\u0303 \u0281wajal]) is a large volcanic-related hill or small mountain in the city of Montreal, immediately west of Downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The City of Montreal takes its name from Mount Royal.\nThe hill is part of the Monteregian Hills situated between the Laurentians and the Appalachian Mountains. It gave its Latin name, Mons Regius, to the Monteregian chain. The hill consists of three peaks: Colline de la Croix (or Mont Royal proper) at 233 m (764 ft), Colline d'Outremont (or Mount Murray, in the borough of Outremont) at 211 m (692 ft), and Westmount Summit at 201 m (659 ft) elevation above mean sea level. \nIn June 2017, during the 375th anniversary of Montreal, the city formally renamed the Outremont peak Tiohti\u00e0:ke Otsira\u2019k\u00e9hne, Mohawk for \"the place of the big fire,\" reflecting how the hill had been used for a fire beacon by First Nations people.\n\n", "Q275537": "Mona Elisabet Seilitz n\u00e9e Alexandersson (16 January 1943 \u2013 2 April 2008) was a Swedish film and television actress and entertainer. Born in Malm\u00f6, she was considered to be a veteran of both Swedish dramatic and comedic television.Seilitz also did vocal work for a number of Swedish language cartoons. She was cast as a lead actress in three Happy Life Animation family oriented animated films \u2013 Pettson och Findus - katten och gubbens \u00e5r in 1999, Pettson och Findus - Kattonauten in 2000 and Pettson och Findus 3: Tomtemaskinen in 2005.Seilitz died of breast cancer 2 April 2008, at the age of 65.", "Q969914": "The Dwarves are an American punk rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, United States, as The Suburban Nightmare, in the mid-1980s. They are currently based in San Francisco, California. Formed as a garage punk band, their career subsequently saw them move in a hardcore direction before settling into an eclectic punk rock sound emphasizing intentionally shocking lyrics. They have been described as \"one of the last true bastions of punk rock ideology in the contemporary musical age\".", "Q101568": "Arnulf Zitelmann (born 9 March 1929 in Oberhausen-Sterkrade) is a German writer. He taught religion and is now a freelance author in Ober-Ramstadt. He has published numerous adventure novels and biographies with Beltz & Gelberg. He received the Friedrich-B\u00f6decker-Prize and the Grand Prize of the German Academy for Children's and Youth Literature for his work as a whole. In 1978, he wrote and published a children's book called Small Trail, which is illustrated by Willi Glasauer, and published by Beltz & Gelberg.", "Q467368": "Agnieszka Osiecka (9 October 1936 \u2013 7 March 1997) was a poet, writer, author of theatre and television screenplays, film director and journalist. She was a prominent Polish songwriter, having authored the lyrics to more than 2000 songs, and is considered an icon of Polish culture.\n\n", "Q15295": "The Oberalpstock or Piz Tgietschen is a mountain in the Glarus Alps between the cantons of Uri and Graub\u00fcnden. Its massif separates the valleys of Maderanertal (Uri) and Surselva near Sedrun (Graub\u00fcndnen).\nThe Oberalpstock is the highest summit of the Glarus Alps west of the T\u00f6di, and also the highest mountain in the canton of Uri east of the Reuss.", "Q482482": "K-On! (\u3051\u3044\u304a\u3093!, Keion!) is a Japanese four-panel comic strip seinen manga written and illustrated by Kakifly. The manga was serialized in Houbunsha's manga magazine Manga Time Kirara between the May 2007 and October 2010 issues. It was also serialized in Houbunsha's magazine Manga Time Kirara Carat. The manga relaunched from April 2011 to June 2012 with two separate storylines published in Manga Time Kirara and Manga Time Kirara Carat. The manga is licensed in North America by Yen Press. A spin-off manga about a different band of high school girls, K-On! Shuffle, began serialization in July 2018.\nA 13-episode anime adaptation produced by Kyoto Animation aired in Japan between April and June 2009. An additional original video animation (OVA) episode was released in January 2010. A 26-episode second season, titled K-On!! (with two exclamation marks), aired in Japan between April and September 2010, with an OVA episode released in March 2011. An animated film based on the series was released in Japan on December 3, 2011. Bandai Entertainment had licensed the first season until their closure in 2012. Sentai Filmworks has since re-licensed the first season, in addition to acquiring the rights to the second season and film. The title of the series comes from the Japanese word keiongaku (\u8efd\u97f3\u697d), which means popular music. K-On! has achieved strong sales in Japan, and by 2011 gross revenues had reached over \u00a515 billion.", "Q346857": "Aur\u00e9lien Recoing (born 5 May 1958) is a French actor and stage director.", "Q2415901": "Upon defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, the victorious Allies asserted joint authority and sovereignty over 'Germany as a whole', defined as all territories of the former German Reich west of the Oder\u2013Neisse line, having declared the destruction of Nazi Germany at the death of Adolf Hitler (see 1945 Berlin Declaration). The four powers divided 'Germany as a whole' into four occupation zones for administrative purposes, under the United States, United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union respectively; creating what became collectively known as Allied-occupied Germany (German: [Deutschland in der] Besatzungszeit, literally: [Germany in the] occupation period). This division was ratified at the Potsdam Conference (17 July to 2 August 1945). The four zones were as agreed in February 1945 by the United States, United Kingdom and Soviet Union meeting at the Yalta Conference; setting aside an earlier division into three zones (excluding France) proposed by the London Protocol.\nAt Potsdam, the United States, United Kingdom and the Soviet Union approved the detachment from 'Germany as a whole' of the German eastern territories east of the Oder\u2013Neisse line; with the exact line of the boundary to be determined at a final German Peace Treaty. This treaty was expected to confirm the \"shifting westward\" of Poland's borders, as the United Kingdom and the United States committed themselves to support in any future peace treaty the permanent incorporation of eastern Germany into Poland and the Soviet Union. From March 1945 to July 1945, these former eastern territories of Germany had been administered under Soviet military occupation authorities, but following the Potsdam Conference they were handed over to Soviet and Polish civilian administrations and ceased to constitute part of Allied-occupied Germany.\nIn the closing weeks of fighting in Europe, United States forces had pushed beyond the agreed boundaries for the future zones of occupation, in some places by as much as 320 km (200 miles). The so-called line of contact between Soviet and American forces at the end of hostilities, mostly lying eastward of the July 1945-established inner German border, was temporary. After two months in which they had held areas that had been assigned to the Soviet zone, U.S. forces withdrew in the first days of July 1945. Some have concluded that this was a crucial move that persuaded the Soviet Union to allow American, British and French forces into their designated sectors in Berlin, which occurred at roughly the same time (July 1945), although the need for intelligence gathering (see Operation Paperclip) may also have been a factor.", "Q314877": "Patrick Martin Stumph (born April 27, 1984), known professionally as Patrick Vaughn Stump, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor and film composer. He is the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the rock band Fall Out Boy, originally from Wilmette, Illinois.His solo work has been described as \"funky and R&B infused\", while Billboard noted him as \"one of the best voices in pop punk\". Fall Out Boy has achieved four top ten singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 and four number one albums on the Billboard 200, firstly with Infinity on High in 2007, and again in 2013 with Save Rock and Roll, 2015 with American Beauty/American Psycho, and 2018 with Mania. Stump has collaborated with other artists (including Damnation A.D. and Timbaland) and has produced albums for artists including Cobra Starship and Gym Class Heroes.After Fall Out Boy's hiatus in late 2009, Stump released his debut solo album, Soul Punk, on October 18, 2011. It was preceded by the six-song EP titled Truant Wave on February 22, 2011. He toured in the US and Europe in support. He returned to Fall Out Boy in 2013 with the album Save Rock and Roll, and the EP PAX AM Days. In January 2015, the sixth album American Beauty/American Psycho was released, while in January 2018 their seventh album Mania was released, both debuting at No.1 on the Billboard 200.", "Q78045": "Andrea Wolf (Kurdish nickname: Ronah\u00ee, born January 15, 1965 in Munich, died October 23, 1998 in \u00c7atak, Van province, Turkey) was a radical leftist activist. She was a PKK militant. She was killed while fighting with the PKK in 1998. Before her death, Wolf had been implicated in some revolutionary activities, and was accused of being part of the Red Army Faction from Germany. The Andrea Wolf case is the focus of a short film by Hito Steyerl called November.", "Q1338154": "Jeremiah Clayton \"Jeremy\" Davis (born February 8, 1985) is an American musician and songwriter. He was the bassist for the rock band Paramore until his departure in December 2015.", "Q67165": "Berg is a municipality in the district of Weinfelden in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q434056": "Anna Matilda Charlotta Branting (n\u00e9e J\u00e4derin; 19 November 1855 \u2013 11 December 1950), was a Swedish journalist and writer. She was a Social Democrat and married to The Swedish prime minister Hjalmar Branting.\nFrom the 1880s to 1917, she was an influential theater critic in the Stockholm press under the pseudonym R\u00e9ne.\n\n", "Q68256": "Porrentruy (French pronunciation: \u200b[p\u0254\u0281\u0251\u0303t\u0281\u0265i], Franc-Comtois: Po\u00e9rreintru French pronunciation: \u200b[pwe\u0281\u025b\u0303t\u0281y], German: Pruntrut) is a Swiss municipality and seat of the district of the same name located in the canton of Jura.\nPorrentruy is home to Swiss League team, HC Ajoie.", "Q69148": "Schlieren (Z\u00fcrich German Schlier\u00e4) is a municipality in the district of Dietikon in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q26887": "Davenport is the county seat of Scott County in Iowa and is located along the Mississippi River on the eastern border of the state. It is the largest of the Quad Cities, a metropolitan area with a population estimate of 382,630 and a CSA population of 474,226; it is the 90th largest CSA in the nation. Davenport was founded on May 14, 1836 by Antoine Le Claire and was named for his friend George Davenport, a former English sailor who served in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812, served as a supplier Fort Armstrong, worked as a fur trader with the American Fur Company, and was appointed a quartermaster with the rank of colonel during the Black Hawk War. According to the 2010 census, the city had a population of 99,685 (making it Iowa's third-largest city). The city appealed this figure, arguing that the Census Bureau missed a section of residents, and that its total population was more than 100,000. The Census Bureau estimated Davenport's 2018 population to be 102,085.Located approximately halfway between Chicago and Des Moines, Davenport is on the border of Iowa across the river from Illinois. The city is prone to frequent flooding due to its location on the Mississippi River. There are two main universities: St. Ambrose University and Palmer College of Chiropractic, where the first chiropractic adjustment took place. Several annual music festivals take place in Davenport, including the Mississippi Valley Blues Festival, the Mississippi Valley Fair, and the Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Jazz Festival. An internationally known 7-mile (11 km) foot race, called the Bix 7, is run during the festival. The city has a Class A minor-league baseball team, the Quad Cities River Bandits. Davenport has 50 plus parks and facilities, as well as more than 20 miles (32 km) of recreational paths for biking or walking.\nThree interstates, 80, 74 and 280, and two major United States Highways serve the city. Davenport has seen steady population growth since its incorporation. National economic difficulties in the 1980s, resulted in job and population losses. The Quad Cities was ranked as the most affordable metropolitan area in 2010 by Forbes magazine. In 2007, Davenport, along with neighboring Rock Island, won the City Livability Award in the small-city category from the U.S. Conference of Mayors. In 2012, Davenport, and the Quad Cities Metropolitan Area, was ranked among the fastest-growing areas in the nation in the growth of high-tech jobs. Notable natives of the city have included jazz legend Bix Beiderbecke, Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Susan Glaspell, former National Football League running back Roger Craig, UFC Welterweight Champion Pat Miletich, and former two time WWE Champion and WWE Universal Champion Seth Rollins.", "Q4304073": "Sholokhov Moscow State University for Humanities or Moscow State University for Humanities named after M.A. Sholokhov (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041c.\u0410. \u0428\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430) was founded in 1951 as Moscow Pedagogical Institute for Correspondence Studies (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442). Sholokhov Moscow State University for Humanities bears an honorary name of Mikhail Sholokhov - a Russian writer who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1965. It has been merged with Moscow State Pedagogical University in 2015.", "Q228624": "Suzanne Collins (born August 10, 1962) is an American television writer and author. She is known as the author of The New York Times best-selling series The Underland Chronicles and The Hunger Games trilogy.", "Q623586": "Ara G\u00fcler (16 August 1928 \u2013 17 October 2018) was an Armenian-Turkish photojournalist, nicknamed \"the Eye of Istanbul\" or \"the Photographer of Istanbul\". He was \"one of Turkey's few internationally known photographers\".\n\n", "Q180710": "Anna Nicole Smith (born Vickie Lynn Hogan; November 28, 1967 \u2013 February 8, 2007) was an American model, actress, and television personality. Smith first gained popularity in Playboy magazine when she won the title of 1993 Playmate of the Year. She modeled for fashion companies, including Guess, H&M, Heatherette and Lane Bryant.\nSmith dropped out of high school at age 14 in 1982, married in 1985, and divorced in 1993. In 1994, her highly publicized second marriage to 89-year old billionaire J. Howard Marshall resulted in speculation that she married the octogenarian for his money, which she denied. Following Marshall's death in 1995, Smith began a lengthy legal battle over a share of his estate. Her cases reached the Supreme Court of the United States: Marshall v. Marshall on a question of federal jurisdiction and Stern v. Marshall on a question of bankruptcy court authority.\nSmith died in 2007 in a Hollywood, Florida hotel room as a result of an overdose of prescription drugs. In the months leading up to her death, Smith was the focus of renewed press coverage surrounding the death of her son, Daniel, and the paternity and custody battle over her newborn daughter, Dannielynn Birkhead.", "Q375245": "Adriana Ugarte is an actress. She is known for her leading roles on television series La Se\u00f1ora and El tiempo entre costuras. Ugarte landed a starring role in the 2016 Pedro Almod\u00f3var film Julieta.", "Q1631393": "Jernvallen is a multi-use stadium in Sandviken, Sweden. In the 1958 FIFA World Cup there were two matches played at Jernvallen. It has the distinction of being the northernmost stadium to host a World Cup match. It is currently used mostly for football matches. Although the record for the stadium is 20,000 people in 1958, today the stadium holds 7,000 people.", "Q27541": "Ru\u017eomberok (Slovak pronunciation: [\u02c8ru\u0292\u0254mb\u025br\u0254k] (listen); German: Rosenberg; Hungarian: R\u00f3zsahegy; Polish: Ru\u017comberk) is a town in northern Slovakia, in the historical Liptov region. It has a population of around 27,000 inhabitants (45,000 with nearby villages).", "Q785355": "Otto van Veen, also known by his Latinized name Otto Venius or Octavius Vaenius, (c.1556 \u2013 6 May 1629) was a painter, draughtsman, and humanist active primarily in Antwerp and Brussels in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century. He is known for running a large studio in Antwerp, producing several emblem books, and for being, from 1594 or 1595 until 1598, Peter Paul Rubens's teacher. His role as a classically educated humanist artist (a pictor doctus), reflected in the Latin name by which he is often known, Octavius Vaenius, was influential on the young Rubens, who would take on that role himself.\n\n", "Q105068": "Mari Johanna Kiviniemi (born 27 September 1968) is a Finnish politician, who served as the second female Prime Minister of Finland.Since 25 August 2014, she is Deputy Secretary-General of the OECD.", "Q85686": "G\u00fcnther Schwab (7 October 1904 in Prague \u2013 12 April 2006 in Salzburg, Austria) was an Austrian writer and author, and member of the Nazi party. He founded the World Union for Protection of Life.", "Q2958536": "Charles Milford Bergstresser (June 25, 1858 \u2013 September 20, 1923) was an American journalist and, with Charles Dow and Edward Jones, one of the founders of Dow Jones & Company at 15 Wall Street in 1882.\nA native of Berrysburg, Pennsylvania, Bergstresser was born on June 25, 1858. Bergstresser graduated from Lafayette College, where he took a scientific course and Latin, in 1881. After graduation, he took a job with the Kiernan News Agency, but he was not satisfied with his employment, particularly when the Agency refused to give equity interest in a stylus that he had invented which would allow information to be inscribed in 35 bulletins at once. Dow and Jones were co-workers there, and Bergstresser convinced the pair to join him in departing from Kiernan to form their own company in November 1882. Although he was the chief financier of the fledgling company, Bergstresser chose to be a silent partner of Dow and Jones, using money he had saved while in college to fund their company. He worked for the new company as a reporter. It was he who came up with the name The Wall Street Journal.He retired as a journalist in 1903. He died on Thursday, September 20, 1923.", "Q323765": "Henri Joseph L\u00e9on Baudrillart (1821 - 1892) was a French economist.", "Q3742510": "Hendersonville Memory Gardens is a cemetery located at 353 East Main Street in Hendersonville, Tennessee, United States, a few miles northeast of Nashville. Formerly known as Woodlawn Memorial Park East, it is the burial site of Johnny Cash as well as several members of the Carter Family of musicians, and numerous other stars from the world of country music.", "Q2167812": "The Rossstock (2,460 m) is a mountain of the Schwyzer Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Schwyz and Uri. It lies on the range between Muotathal and Untersch\u00e4chen, east of Lake Lucerne.", "Q1370892": "Malik Izaak Taylor (November 20, 1970 \u2013 March 22, 2016), known professionally as Phife Dawg (or simply Phife), was an American rapper and a member of the group A Tribe Called Quest with Q-Tip and Ali Shaheed Muhammad (and for a short time Jarobi White). He was also known as the \"Five-Foot Assassin\" and \"The Five-Footer\", because he stood at 5 feet 3 inches (1.60 m).", "Q490938": "Yang Hyun-suk (born January 9, 1970) is a South Korean music executive, rapper, dancer, and record producer. He rose to fame as a member of Seo Taiji and Boys during the 1990s. After the group disbanded, he founded and became the chief executive officer of YG Entertainment, one of the biggest record companies in South Korea.", "Q25430": "Badenweiler is a health resort and spa in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, historically in the Markgr\u00e4flerland. It is 28 kilometers by road and rail from Basel, 10 kilometers from the French border, and 20 kilometers from Mulhouse. The nearest big city on the German side of the border is Freiburg, about 30 kilometers away. Badenweiler lies at the western edge of the Black Forest. It is sheltered by the Blauen, 1,164 m (3,820 ft), and the climate is excellent. Its parish (Evangelical) church (1897) was built at the foot of an 11th-century castle which belonged to the margraves of Baden and was destroyed by the French during the wars of Louis XV.\nMany visitors come to Badenweiler for the warm mineral springs, with temperatures of 21 \u00b0C (70 \u00b0F), others for its whey cure, and still others on account of its equable climate and picturesque surroundings. There is a Kurhaus and a park of 15 acres (61,000 m\u00b2) containing a historic arboretum (the Staatliche Baderverwaltung Badenweiler), as well as a grand-ducal castle. In 1784, well-preserved Roman baths were discovered there.\n\n", "Q649987": "Ernest Go\u00fcin (or Gouin) (22 July 1815 in Tours \u2013 24 March 1885 in Paris) was a French civil engineer and industrialist.\nIn 1846 he founded Ernest Go\u00fcin & Cie. (after 1871 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Construction des Batignolles); the company initially built locomotives, and diversified into bridge building and railway construction projects.\nHis name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower.", "Q1474105": "Western Kentucky University is a public university in Bowling Green, Kentucky. It was founded by the Commonwealth of Kentucky in 1906, though its roots reach back a quarter-century earlier. It operates regional campuses in Glasgow, Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, and Owensboro.\nThe main campus, which has been undergoing expansion and renovation since the 1990s, sits atop a hill overlooking the Barren River valley.", "Q14835": "Bautzen (pronounced [\u02c8ba\u028a\u032ft\u0361sn\u0329] (listen); Upper Sorbian: Budy\u0161in [\u02c8bud\u0268\u0283in] (listen); until 1868 German: Budissin; Lower Sorbian: Budy\u0161yn [\u02c8bud\u0268\u0283\u0268n], Czech: Budy\u0161\u00edn [\u02c8bud\u026a\u0283i\u02d0n], Polish: Budziszyn [bu\u02c8d\u0361\u0291i\u0282\u0268n]) is a hill-top town in eastern Saxony, Germany, and administrative centre of the eponymous district. It is located on the Spree River. As of 2017, its population is 39,429. Asteroid 11580 Bautzen is named in honour of the city.\nBautzen is often regarded as the unofficial, but historical capital of Upper Lusatia, and it is the most important cultural centre of the Sorbs, a Slavic people.\nIts hilltop position and multiple towers are often compared to some of the hilltop towns of Tuscany.\nIt has a long association with mustard (Bautznersenf) and is one of the few places in the world to boast a mustard museum.\n\n", "Q534042": "C\u00e9line Scheen (born 1976 in Verviers, Belgium) is a Belgian classical soprano.\nScheen began her vocal studies with Annie Frantz. In 1996, she entered the Royal Academy of Mons and obtained a First Prize in the class of Marcel Vanaud. She then received a degree in song and methodology of song at the Royal Academy of Brussels. In 1998, she obtained the Nany Philippart's grant with Chapelle musicale Reine \u00c9lisabeth. For two years, she worked in the class of Vera R\u00f3zsa at the Guildhall School of Music in London, where she obtained an advanced degree in vocal performance. She also takes masterclasses with Jean-Paul Fouch\u00e9court, Monique Zanetti and Helmut Deutsch.\nScheen has sung the roles of Lucy in The Telephone, or L'Amour \u00e0 trois by Gian Carlo Menotti, Th\u00e9r\u00e8se in the Les mamelles de Tir\u00e9sias by Francis Poulenc, the First Lady and Papagena in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Die Zauberfl\u00f6te, Frasquita in Carmen, Vespetta in Pimpinone by Georg Philipp Telemann, Grilletta in Lo Speziale by Joseph Haydn, and Zerlina in Mozart's Don Giovanni. She appeared with La Monnaie in Christoph Willibald Gluck's Alceste, Francesco Cavalli's Eliogabalo, and Mozart's Die Zauberfl\u00f6te under the direction of Ren\u00e9 Jacobs. She sang in concerts in the Petite Messe Solennelle of Gioachino Rossini, Carl Orff's Carmina Burana, the Requiem of Gabriel Faur\u00e9, the Coronation Mass and the Great Mass in C minor by Mozart, and Johann Sebastian Bach's Johannes Passion with the groups Il Fondamento, Ricercar Consort, Caf\u00e9 Zimmermann, La F\u00e9nice, La Cetra d'Orfeo and Musica Antiqua K\u00f6ln.\nScheen was a member of the World Youth Choir from 1994 to 1996, which enabled her to make rounds in Latin America, Canada, Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Sweden. Scheen was among the soloists invited to perform at the Abbaye aux Dames during the Festival de Saintes.", "Q97282": "Dietrich Wersich (born 1964) is a German politician of the German Christian Democratic Union (CDU), and physician. Since March 7, 2011 he is chairman of the CDU parliamentary Group in the Hamburg state legislature (Hamburgische B\u00fcrgerschaft), the largest opposition party. From May 7, 2008 to March 7, 2011 he was Hamburg State Minister of Social Affairs, Family Affairs, Health and Consumer Protection. From November 29, 2010 to March 7, 2011 he was also Deputy Mayor of Hamburg.", "Q1228353": "DiscReet Records, self-identified simply as DiscReet, was a record label founded by Frank Zappa and his then business partner/manager Herb Cohen. The name of the label was a pun derived from disc and the Compatible Discrete 4 process of encoding quadraphonic sound signals into phonograph records. \nThe label was launched in January 1973 when DiscReet arranged a distribution contract with the Warner Bros. Records group of labels. The previous Zappa/Cohen labels, Bizarre Records and Straight Records, were discontinued at the same time that DiscReet was created. \nDiscReet issued many albums by Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention between 1973 and 1979. Another notable act on the label was Ted Nugent and the Amboy Dukes, who recorded their final two albums for DiscReet. Following this Ted Nugent began his solo career. Cohen also brought to the label recordings by other artists such as Tim Buckley.\nZappa's original intention was to release all albums on the label in conventional 2-channel stereo and 4-channel quadraphonic sound simultaneously. DiscReet issued two albums specially remixed for quadraphonic during 1973. These were Over-Nite Sensation credited to Frank Zappa and the Mothers and Apostrophe (') credited to Zappa alone. But the quadraphonic policy had to be dropped after just two releases. Also advertised were quadraphonic versions of two other Zappa titles. These were the double live album from 1974, Roxy & Elsewhere, and the 1975 (mostly) studio album One Size Fits All. The four-channel master tapes for these albums exist in the Zappa archives, but the quadraphonic versions have never been issued.\nIn 1976, Zappa's business partnership with Cohen soured and ended in litigation. At the same time, Zappa also had disagreements with Warner Bros. Records; the DiscReet label was abandoned in 1979 following the decision by Warner Bros. to release three albums for which Zappa claimed Warner Bros. did not have proper authorization, Studio Tan, Sleep Dirt, and Orchestral Favorites. The three disputed titles had no songwriting or production credits and used artwork by Gary Panter, which was not approved by Zappa. \nWarner Bros. reissued Zappa's DiscReet recordings on the Reprise Records subsidiary in the late 1970s; they were deleted in 1982. Zappa created Zappa Records in 1979 and Barking Pumpkin Records in 1981; these labels had no involvement with Cohen and were separate business entities from DiscReet.\nIn 1988 and 1989, DiscReet recordings by Tim Buckley and Ted Nugent and the Amboy Dukes were briefly re-issued on CD and cassette by the Enigma Retro label. From the late 1980s until 2012, Zappa's DiscReet catalog had been available on CD from Rykodisc. In 2012, the Zappa Family Trust regained the rights to Zappa's DiscReet catalog and signed a new distribution agreement with Universal Music Enterprises to reissue the recordings on the Zappa Records label.", "Q166295": "Lazare Weiller (20 July 1858 \u2013 12 August 1928) was a French engineer, industrialist and politician. He was born in Alsace and received a technical education in England and in his cousin's copper factory in Angoul\u00eame. He was very interested in the physical sciences, particularly the use of electricity to transmit sound and images. He proposed a system for scanning, transmitting and displaying images that was the basis for experiments by various television pioneers. He sponsored early aviation experiments by the Wright brothers. He founded several companies including a telephone wire manufacturer, a taximeter manufacturer, the first Parisian cab company to use automobiles, an aircraft company and a wireless telegraphy company. \nHe was a deputy during World War I (1914\u201318) and then a senator until his death.\n\n", "Q1389589": "Mark David Hollis (4 January 1955 \u2013 25 February 2019) was an English musician and singer-songwriter. He achieved commercial success and critical acclaim in the 1980s and 1990s as the co-founder, lead singer and principal songwriter of the band Talk Talk. Hollis wrote or co-wrote most of Talk Talk's music\u2014including hits like \"It's My Life\" and \"Life's What You Make It\"\u2014and in later works developed an experimental, contemplative style.\nBeginning in 1981 as a synth-pop group with a New Romantic image, Talk Talk's sound became increasingly adventurous under Hollis's direction. For their third album, The Colour of Spring (1986), Talk Talk adopted an art pop sound that won critical and commercial favour; it remains their biggest commercial success. The band's final two albums, Spirit of Eden (1988) and Laughing Stock (1991), were radical departures from their early work, taking influence from jazz, folk, classical and experimental music. While they were commercial failures in their own time, these albums have come to be seen as early landmarks of post-rock music.\nAfter Talk Talk disbanded in 1991, Hollis returned to music in 1998 with a self-titled solo album, which continued the direction of Talk Talk's sound but in a more minimal, sparse, acoustic style. Following the release of his only solo album, Hollis largely retired from the recording industry.\nHollis died, aged 64, in February 2019.", "Q263433": "Alona Tal (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05dc\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d8\u05dc\u200e, IPA: [a\u02c8lona \u02c8tal]; born October 20, 1983) is an Israeli singer and actress. She is known for her roles in Veronica Mars as cheerleader Meg Manning and in Supernatural as Jo Harvelle.", "Q72568": "Alfred Lichtenstein (* 23 August 1889 in Berlin-Wilmersdorf; \u2020 25 September 1914 near Vermandovillers, Somme, France) was a German expressionist writer.From a Jewish family, Lichtenstein grew up in Berlin as the son of a manufacturer. He studied law in Erlangen. His was first noticed after publishing poems and short stories in a grotesque style, which invited comparison with a friend of his, Jakob van Hoddis.\nIndeed, there were claims of imitation: while Hoddis created the style, Lichtenstein has enlarged it, it was said. Lichtenstein played with this reputation by writing a short story, called \"The Winner\", which describes in a scurillous way the random friendship of two young men, wherein one falls victim to the other. By using false names he often made fun of real people from the Berlin literary scene, including himself as Kuno Kohn, a silent shy boy; in \"The Winner\" a virile van Hoddis kills Kuno Kohn at the end of the story.\nLichtenstein admired the style of the French writer Alfred Jarry not only in his ironic writings, but like him he rode his bicycle through the town. However he was not to grow old: in 1914 he fell at the front in World War I.\n\nDer einzige Trost ist: traurig sein. Wenn die Traurigkeit in Verzweiflung ausartet, soll man grotesk werden. Man soll spa\u00dfeshalber weiter leben. Soll versuchen, in der Erkenntnis, dass das Dasein aus lauter brutalen, hundsgemeinen Scherzen besteht, Erhebung zu finden.\nThe only solace: be sad! If sadness becomes despair: be grotesque! Be a clown, trying to find one's amusement by recognizing that existence consists of sheer brutal and shabby strokes.", "Q65014": "Lommis is a municipality in the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q888254": "Bob Simmons (Fulham, London, England, 31 March 1922 \u2013 21 October 1987) was an English actor and stunt man, best known for his work in many British-made films, most notably the James Bond series.\n\n", "Q361556": "Adolf Fischer (18 November 1900 \u2013 21 October 1984) was a German actor. He appeared in more than sixty films from 1931 to 1977.", "Q522620": "Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler is a renowned spa town in the German Bundesland of Rhineland-Palatinate that serves as the capital of the Ahrweiler district. The A61 motorway connects the town with cities like Cologne and Mainz. Formed by the merging of the towns (now districts) of Bad Neuenahr and Ahrweiler in 1969, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler consists of 11 such districts.", "Q379319": "Grand Hotel Excelsior is a 1982 Italian comedy film directed by Castellano & Pipolo. The film was a commercial success, being the best grossing film in the season 1982/83 at the Italian box office.", "Q703642": "John Watson Foster (March 2, 1836 \u2013 November 15, 1917) was an American diplomat and military officer, as well as a lawyer and journalist. His highest public office was U.S. Secretary of State under Benjamin Harrison, although he also proved influential as a lawyer in technically private practice in the international relations sphere.", "Q316906": "Philippe Starck born in 1949 in Paris is a French architect and designer known for his wide range of designs, including interior design, household objects and furniture, boats or other vehicles.\n\n", "Q118987": "Vaino Vahing (15 February 1940 in Aravu, P\u00f5lva County \u2013 23 March 2008 in Tartu), was an Estonian writer, prosaist, psychiatrist and playwright. \nStarting from 1973, he was a member of Estonian Writers Union.", "Q833": "Malaysia ( (listen) m\u0259-LAY-zee-\u0259, -\u2060zh\u0259; Malay: [m\u0259lejsi\u0259]) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the world's 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia is in Tanjung Piai. In the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to a number of endemic species.\nMalaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire, along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate. Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation.The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with large minorities of Chinese, Indians, and indigenous peoples. While recognising Islam as the country's established religion, the constitution grants freedom of religion to non-Muslims. The government is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is an elected monarch, known as Yang di-Pertuan Agong, chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the Prime Minister. \nAfter independence, the Malaysian GDP grew at an average of 6.5% per annum for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism. Malaysia has a newly industrialised market economy, ranked third-largest in Southeast Asia and 33rd largest in the world. It is a founding member of ASEAN, EAS, OIC and a member of APEC, the Commonwealth and the Non-Aligned Movement.", "Q220536": "Kalpen Suresh Modi (born April 23, 1977), known professionally as Kal Penn, is an American actor, comedian, and civil servant. As an actor, he is known for his role portraying Lawrence Kutner on the television program House, as well as the character Kumar Patel in the Harold & Kumar film series. He is also recognized for his performance in the film The Namesake. Penn has taught at the University of Pennsylvania in the Cinema Studies Program as a visiting lecturer.\nIn April 2009, Penn joined the Obama administration as an Associate Director in the White House Office of Public Engagement. This necessitated that his TV character, Lawrence Kutner, be written out of House. Penn briefly left his post in June 2010 to film the third installment of the Harold & Kumar series, A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas, returning to his White House job upon the movie's completion. In July 2011, he again left the White House to accept a role in the television series How I Met Your Mother.From 2016 to 2019, he played Seth Wright in the political drama Designated Survivor and served as host of the game show Superhuman. In 2019, Penn portrayed Garrett Modi in the NBC sitcom series Sunnyside.", "Q123939": "Alain Berset (born 9 April 1972) is a Swiss politician serving as a member of the Federal Council since 2012. A member of the Social Democratic Party, he has served as head of the Federal Department of Home Affairs since his election. From 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018, he served as President of the Swiss Confederation; at age 45, Berset was the youngest President of the Confederation since Marcel Pilet-Golaz in 1934.Before being elected to the Federal Council in 2011, he was a member of the Council of States for the canton of Fribourg (2003\u20132011), serving as the chamber's president during the 2008\u20132009 term. Berset speaks Swiss German, Standard German, French, Italian, Romansh and English.", "Q4779509": "Stockholm Records is a Swedish subsidiary of Universal Music Group, founded in 1992, and known for signing musicians such as Army of Lovers and E-Type.", "Q3671680": "The Certosa di Bologna is a former Carthusian monastery (or charterhouse) in Bologna, northern Italy, which was founded in 1334 and suppressed in 1797. In 1801 it became the city\u2019s Monumental Cemetery which would be much praised by Byron and others. In 1869 an Etruscan necropolis, which had been in use from the sixth to the third centuries BC, was discovered here.\nThe Certosa is located just outside the walls of the city, near the Stadio Renato Dall'Ara, at the foot of the Monte della Guardia and the Sanctuary of the Madonna di San Luca.", "Q538888": "Dennis Alan Cardoza (born March 31, 1959) was the U.S. Representative for California's 18th congressional district from 2003 to 2012. The district took in a large swath of the Central Valley, from Stockton to Fresno. He is a member of the Democratic Party. On October 20, 2011, he announced he would retire from Congress at the end of 2012.\nHe first won election to Congress after defeating Congressman Gary Condit in the March 2002 Democratic Party primary election.\nHe resigned from Congress effective August 14, 2012, citing family concerns as a priority, and joined the law firm Foley & Lardner LLP in a public affairs and lobbying role.", "Q69606": "Laax (Romansh: Lags) is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q954465": "Jos\u00e9 Luis Appleyard (5 May 1927 \u2013 1998) was a Paraguayan poet.", "Q282197": "Jason Brian Carter (born 23 September 1960) is an English actor, best known for his role as Ranger Marcus Cole on the science fiction television series Babylon 5.\nBorn in Ealing, London and brought up in Gainsborough, a small market-town in Lincolnshire, Carter appeared on stage since he was a child. Advised to pursue a career in rubber technology, Carter opted instead for three years at London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. In 1982, he landed his first television role on BBC2\u2019s long-running Jackanory Playhouse (1965\u20131996) as Hawkwing. He has appeared in numerous television series including Viper, Beverly Hills, 90210, 3rd Rock from the Sun, Charmed, Angel and Babylon 5.In 1988, he performed on London's West End (at the Phoenix Theatre, London) with James Wilby, Patrick Barlow, Sarah Berger, Paul Mooney and John Gordon Sinclair in The Common Pursuit a play by Simon Gray.He also played the hedgehog, Hans, in an episode of the television series The Storyteller in 1987. In 2004, Carter also loaned his voice briefly to the James Bond video game GoldenEye: Rogue Agent, in the role of Bond. He also appeared in the film The Duel as William.\nHe also appeared in 2016 miniseries remake of Roots as Viscount Shaw.", "Q434718": "Assault on Precinct 13 is a 1976 American action neo noir thriller film written, directed, scored and edited by John Carpenter. Austin Stoker stars as a police officer who defends a defunct precinct against a relentless criminal gang, along with Darwin Joston as a convicted murderer who helps him. Laurie Zimmer, Tony Burton, Martin West and Nancy Kyes co-star as other defenders of the precinct.\nCarpenter was approached by producer J. Stein Kaplan to make a low-budget exploitation film for under $100,000, on the condition that Carpenter would have total creative control. Carpenter's script, originally titled The Anderson Alamo, was inspired by the Howard Hawks Western film Rio Bravo and the George A. Romero horror film Night of the Living Dead. Despite controversy with the MPAA over a scene involving the violent killing of a young girl, the film received an R rating and opened in the United States on November 5, 1976.\nThe film was initially met with mixed reviews and unimpressive box-office returns in the United States. However, when the film premiered in the 1977 London Film Festival, it received an ecstatic review by festival director Ken Wlaschin that led to critical acclaim first in Britain and then throughout Europe. It has garnered a cult following and reappraisal from critics, with many evaluating the film as one of the best action films of its era and of Carpenter's career. A remake was released in 2005, directed by Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Richet and starring Ethan Hawke and Laurence Fishburne.", "Q70357": "Niederwald is a former municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Niederwald, Blitzingen, Grafschaft, M\u00fcnster-Geschinen and Reckingen-Gluringen merged into the new municipality of Goms.", "Q229274": "Regina Ilyinichna Spektor (, Russian: \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0301\u043da \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, IPA: [r\u02b2\u026a\u02c8\u0261\u02b2in\u0259 \u02c8sp\u02b2\u025bkt\u0259r]; born February 18, 1980) is a Russian-born American singer, songwriter, and pianist.After self-releasing her first three records and gaining popularity in New York City's independent music scenes, particularly the anti-folk scene centered on New York City's East Village, Spektor signed with Sire Records in 2004 and began achieving greater mainstream recognition. After giving her third album a major label re-release, Sire released her fourth album, Begin to Hope, which would go on to achieve a Gold certification by the RIAA. Her following two albums, Far and What We Saw from the Cheap Seats, each debuted at number 3 on the Billboard 200. 2016's Remember Us to Life peaked at 23 on the Billboard 200.\nNYC Mayor Bill de Blasio proclaimed June 11, 2019 Regina Spektor Day in New York City. Spektor was also inducted into the Bronx Walk of Fame on Saturday, May 18, 2019 by Borough President Ruben Diaz, Jr.", "Q364406": "Robert Kelly Slater (born February 11, 1972) is an American professional surfer, author, actor, model, businessman, and innovator, best known for his unprecedented 11 world surfing championships. He is widely regarded as the greatest professional surfer of all time.", "Q239067": "Rudolph Arthur Marcus (born July 21, 1923) is a Canadian-born chemist who received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry \"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems\". Marcus theory, named after him, provides a thermodynamic and kinetic framework for describing one electron outer-sphere electron transfer. He is a professor at Caltech, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science.", "Q77438": "Johannes Bobrowski (originally Johannes Konrad Bernhard Bobrowski; April 9, 1917 \u2013 September 2, 1965) was a German lyric poet, narrative writer, adaptor and essayist.", "Q323995": "Corey Harris (born February 21, 1969 in Denver, Colorado, United States) is an American blues and reggae musician, currently residing in Charlottesville, Virginia. Along with Keb' Mo' and Alvin Youngblood Hart, he raised the flag of acoustic guitar blues in the mid-1990s. He was featured on the 2003 PBS television mini-series, The Blues, in an episode directed by Martin Scorsese.\n\n", "Q332640": "Luca Cordero di Montezemolo (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8lu\u02d0ka kor\u02c8d\u025b\u02d0ro di \u02ccmonted\u02c8dz\u025b\u02d0molo; -d\u02c8dze\u02d0m-]; born 31 August 1947) is an Italian businessman, former Chairman of Ferrari, and formerly Chairman of Fiat S.p.A. and President of Confindustria and FIEG. He comes from an aristocratic family from the region of Piedmont in Italy. He graduated with a degree in law from La Sapienza University in 1971. Afterward, he studied for a master's degree in international commercial law at Columbia University. He is one of the founders and former president of NTV, an Italian company which is Europe's first private open access operator of 300 km/h (186 mph) high-speed trains.In 2009, Montezemolo founded Future Italy, a free market think tank that joined Civic Choice in the 2013 Italian parliamentary election.", "Q85876": "Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi (also spelled Eudoxiu Hurmuzache; German: Eudoxius Freiherr von Hormuzaki) (September 29, 1812, Czernawka (Cern\u0103uca), Austria; February 10, 1874, Czernowitz (Cern\u0103u\u021bi), Austria, buried in Dulce\u0219ti, (Neam\u021b County), Principality of Moldavia) was a Romanian historian, politician (Landeshauptmann of the Duchy of Bucovina) and patriot.", "Q91803": "Hans Janowitz (2 December 1890 \u2013 25 May 1954) was a German author.\nJanowitz was an officer in World War I, but returned from it as a pacifist. Shortly after the war ended, he met the similarly minded Carl Mayer in Berlin, who suggested he work as an author. Together they wrote the script to The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (Das Kabinett des Doktor Caligari), which was filmed by Robert Wiene during 1919 and 1920, and released in February 1920. The movie is a prominent work of German expressionism.\nSupposedly, the film was at first offered to director Fritz Lang, in the early part of his career, who suggested the now-famous framing story of the madman remembering his past, who then recounts the tale of a girl's mysterious murder, first read about by Janowitz in a newspaper account. Janowitz and Mayer protested the change, but it was made anyway over their objections, and Lang left the project to direct another film. Wiene was then hired to direct the film.\nJanowitz then worked with another two movies by F. W. Murnau. As early as 1922, he ended his movie career and became active in the oil business.", "Q64322": "John Lefferts (December 17, 1785 \u2013 September 18, 1829) was a member of the Thirteenth United States Congress as a Democratic-Republican Representative from New York. He was also a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1821 and a member of the New York State Senate from 1820 to 1825. He died in Brooklyn, New York and was interred in Greenwood Cemetery.", "Q274167": "The Exorcist is a 1973 American supernatural horror film directed by William Friedkin and produced and written for the screen by William Peter Blatty, based on the 1971 novel of the same name by Blatty. The film stars Ellen Burstyn, Max von Sydow, Lee J. Cobb, Kitty Winn, Jack MacGowran (in his final film role), Jason Miller, and Linda Blair. It is the first installment in The Exorcist film series, and follows the demonic possession of a 12-year-old girl and her mother's attempt to rescue her through an exorcism conducted by two priests.\nAlthough the book had been a bestseller, Blatty, who produced, and Friedkin, his choice for director, had difficulty casting the film. After turning down, or being turned down, by major stars of the era, they cast in the lead roles the relatively little-known Burstyn, the unknown Blair, and Miller, the author of a hit play who had never acted in movies before, casting choices that were vigorously opposed by studio executives at Warner Bros. Pictures. Principal photography was also difficult. Most of the set burned down, and Blair and Burstyn suffered long-term injuries in accidents. Ultimately the film took twice as long to shoot as scheduled and cost more than twice its initial budget.\nOn December 26, 1973, The Exorcist was released in 24 theaters in the United States and Canada. Audiences flocked to it, waiting in long lines during winter weather, many doing so more than once, despite mixed critical reviews. Some viewers had adverse physical reactions, often fainting or vomiting, to scenes such as its protagonist undergoing a realistic cerebral angiography and masturbating with a crucifix. There were reports of heart attacks and miscarriages; a psychiatric journal carried a paper on \"cinematic neurosis\" triggered by the film. Many children were taken to see the film, leading to charges that the MPAA ratings board had accommodated Warner Bros. by giving the film an R-rating instead of the X they thought it deserved in order to ensure its commercial success; a few cities tried to ban it outright or prevent children from seeing it, and obscenity concerns kept the film from a home video release in the United Kingdom until 1999.The cultural conversation around the film, which also encompassed its treatment of Roman Catholicism, helped it become the first horror film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, one of ten Academy Awards it was nominated for, winning for Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Sound Mixing. It has remained high in critical esteem and commercial success ever since, for many years after its release remaining the top grosser in the supernatural horror and R-rated horror subcategories. It became the highest-grossing R-rated film upon release and held that record for 18 years until it was surpassed by 1991's Terminator 2: Judgment Day. The film has had a significant influence on popular culture, and several publications have regarded it as one of the greatest horror films of all time. The English film critic Mark Kermode named it as his \"favorite film of all time\". In 2010, the Library of Congress selected the film to be preserved as part of its National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q982745": "Fatos Kongoli (born January 12, 1944) has recently become one of the most forceful and convincing representatives of contemporary Albanian prose.", "Q117444": "Eugeniusz Bodo (born Bohdan Eug\u00e8ne Junod; 1899 \u2013 1943) was a film director, producer and one of the most popular Polish actors and comedians of the inter-war period. He starred in some of the most popular Polish film productions of the 1930s, including His Excellency, The Shop Assistant (Polish: Jego ekscelencja subiekt), Czy Lucyna to dziewczyna? and Pie\u015bniarz Warszawy. A skilled singer, he became one of the icons of Polish musical comedies of the time and a \"symbol of Polish commercial cinema\". Towards the end of that decade he also became a successful entrepreneur, a co-owner of a successful film studio, a caf\u00e9 and a producers company. Arrested by the Soviets in the aftermath of the German and Soviet invasion of Poland, he perished in the Gulag.", "Q168290": "Unsane was an American noise rock trio that was formed in New York City in 1988. Its music touches on elements of hardcore punk and metal. The writer Patrick Kennedy wrote, \"While developing the blueprint for noise-metal bands to follow, Unsane cut a remarkable swath through underground music, inspiring a devoted, cult-like following around the world.\"", "Q193744": "Tori Amos (born Myra Ellen Amos, August 22, 1963) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. She is a classically trained musician with a mezzo-soprano vocal range. Having already begun composing instrumental pieces on piano, Amos won a full scholarship to the Peabody Institute at Johns Hopkins University at the age of five, the youngest person ever to have been admitted. She was expelled at the age of 11 for what Rolling Stone described as \"musical insubordination\". Amos was the lead singer of the short-lived 1980s pop group Y Kant Tori Read before achieving her breakthrough as a solo artist in the early 1990s. Her songs focus on a broad range of topics, including sexuality, feminism, politics and religion.\nHer charting singles include \"Crucify\", \"Silent All These Years\", \"God\", \"Cornflake Girl\", \"Caught a Lite Sneeze\", \"Professional Widow\", \"Spark\", \"1000 Oceans\", \"Flavor\" and \"A Sorta Fairytale\", her most commercially successful single in the U.S. to date. Amos has received five MTV VMA nominations, eight Grammy Award nominations, and won an Echo Klassik award for her Night of Hunters classical crossover album. She is listed on VH1's 1999 \"100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll\" at #71.\n\n", "Q183557": "Dieppe (French pronunciation: \u200b[dj\u025bp]) is a coastal community in the Arrondissement of Dieppe in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France. The population stood at 29,606 in 2016.\nA port on the English Channel, at the mouth of the Arques river, famous for its scallops, and with a regular ferry service to Newhaven in England, Dieppe also has a popular pebbled beach, a 15th-century castle and the churches of Saint-Jacques and Saint-Remi. The mouth of the Scie river lies in the Canton of Dieppe-Ouest at Hautot-sur-Mer.\nThe inhabitants of the town of Dieppe are called Dieppois (m) and Dieppoise (f) in French.", "Q126699": "Gran Torino is a 2008 American drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood, who also starred in the film. The film co-stars Christopher Carley, Bee Vang and Ahney Her. This was Eastwood's first starring role since 2004's Million Dollar Baby. The film features a large Hmong American cast, as well as one of Eastwood's younger sons, Scott. Eastwood's oldest son, Kyle, provided the score. Set in Highland Park, Michigan, it is the first mainstream American film to feature Hmong Americans. Many Lao Hmong war refugees resettled in the U.S. following the communist takeover of Laos in 1975.The story follows Walt Kowalski, a recently widowed Korean War veteran alienated from his family and angry at the world. Walt's young neighbor, Thao Vang Lor, is pressured by his cousin into stealing Walt's prized 1972 Ford Gran Torino for his initiation into a gang. Walt thwarts the theft with his M1 Garand rifle and subsequently develops a relationship with the boy and his family.\nGran Torino opened in a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 12, 2008, before expanding wide on January 9, 2009. It grossed $270 million worldwide (making it Eastwood's second highest-grossing film to-date). Within the Hmong community in the United States, the film received praise for Eastwood\u2019s direction and performance, but also received criticism for its portrayal of Asian stereotypes.", "Q431660": "Godzilla: Final Wars (\u30b4\u30b8\u30e9 \u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30ca\u30eb\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30ba, Gojira: Fainaru W\u014dzu) is a 2004 kaiju film directed by Ryuhei Kitamura, written by Isao Kiriyama and Wataru Mimura, and produced by Shogo Tomiyama. An international co-production between Japan, Australia, the United States, and China, the film was produced by Toho Studios, CP International, Zazou Productions, and Napalm Films. It is the 29th film in the Godzilla franchise and the sixth and final film in the franchise's Millennium period, as well as the 28th Godzilla film produced by Toho.\nThe film stars Masahiro Matsuoka, Rei Kikukawa, Don Frye, Maki Mizuno, Kazuki Kitamura, Kane Kosugi, Kumi Mizuno, Kenji Sahara, Masami Nagasawa, Chihiro Otsuka, Shigeru Izumiya, Masakatsu Funaki, Masato Ibu, Jun Kunimura, and Akira Takarada.\nThe release of Godzilla: Final Wars coincided with the 50th anniversary of the Godzilla franchise, and as such, a variety of actors and giant monster characters from previous Godzilla films make appearances in the film. Godzilla: Final Wars premiered on November 29, 2004 in Los Angeles, California, and was released theatrically in Japan on December 4, 2004. Before the world premiere, Godzilla received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q328618": "Dean Lance O'Gorman (born 1 December 1976) is an actor, artist, and photographer from New Zealand. He played the dwarf F\u00edli in the Hobbit trilogy and the Norse God Bragi/Anders Johnson in the fantasy series The Almighty Johnsons.", "Q62753": "G\u00fcnter de Bruyn (German: [d\u0259 b\u0280\u0254\u028fn]; born 1 November 1926) is a German author.", "Q99287": "G\u00fcnther Denzler (born February 26, 1948 in Bamberg) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He represents Bamberg (district).", "Q919565": "Martin David Robinson (September 26, 1925 \u2013 December 8, 1982), known professionally as Marty Robbins, was an American singer, songwriter, actor, multi-instrumentalist, and NASCAR racing driver. Robbins was one of the most popular and successful country and western singers for most of his nearly four-decade career, which spanned from the late 1940s to the early 1980s. \nBorn in Glendale, Arizona, Robbins taught himself guitar while serving in the United States Navy during World War II, and subsequently drew fame performing in clubs in and around his hometown. In 1956, he released his first No. 1 country song, \"Singing the Blues\" and one year later, released two more No. 1 hits, \"A White Sport Coat\" and \"The Story of My Life\". In 1959, Robbins released his signature song, \"El Paso\", for which he won the Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording. Later releases that drew critical acclaim include \"Don't Worry\", \"Big Iron\" and \"Honkytonk Man\", the latter for which the 1982 Clint Eastwood film is named, and in which Robbins made his final appearance before death.\nOver the course of his career, Robbins recorded more than 500 songs and 60 albums, and won two Grammy Awards, was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame and Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and was named the 1960s Artist of the Decade by the Academy of Country Music. Robbins was a commercial success in both the country and pop genres, and his songs were covered by many other famous artists, including Johnny Cash, the Grateful Dead and Elvis Presley. His music continues to have an influence in pop culture today, having recently appeared in several contemporary pop culture features, including the video game Fallout: New Vegas, and the series finale of AMC's Breaking Bad.", "Q460349": "Dora Marsden (5 March 1882 \u2013 13 December 1960) was an English suffragette, editor of literary journals, and philosopher of language. Beginning her career as an activist in the Women's Social and Political Union, Marsden eventually broke off from the suffragist organization in order to found a journal that would provide a space for more radical voices in the movement. Her prime importance lies with her contributions to the suffrage movement, her criticism of the Pankhursts' WSPU, and her radical feminism, via The Freewoman. There are those who also claim she has relevance to the emergence of literary modernism, while others value her contribution to the understanding of Egoism.", "Q75549": "August Reinsdorf (January 1849 \u2013 February 1885) was a German anarchist who is sometimes credited as being \"The Father of German Anarchy.\"\nAugust was a socialist anarchist who believed strongly in the rights of the workers and the common man. He attempted to assassinate the Emperor of Germany and his Princes, to end dictatorship in Germany. His plan was to blow up the Emperor's carriage with dynamite by placing it under the bridge that the Emperor's carriage was planned to take. His plan was foiled by rain, which put the fuse out, and he was discovered. He was executed in Halle on February 7, 1885. His assassination attempt on the Emperor was one of the first acts of terror in Germany related to politics, socialism, and anarchy.\nHis descendants moved to America, and live there today.", "Q714470": "Steve Roach (born February 16, 1955) is an American composer and performer of ambient and electronic music, whose recordings are informed by his impressions of environment, perception, flow and space. His work has been influential in the new age genre.Roach has received two Grammy Award nominations for New Age Album of the Year: His 2017 album Spiral Revelation for the 60th Annual Grammy Awards., and 2018's Molecules Of Motion for the 61st Annual Grammy Awards.", "Q272270": "Soozie Tyrell (born May 4, 1957), formerly known as Soozie Kirschner, is an American violinist and vocalist, most known for her work with Bruce Springsteen in the E Street Band and formerly The Sessions Band.", "Q100886": "Samuel Crell-Spinowski (25 March 1660 in Kluczbork \u2013 9 June 1747 in Amsterdam) was an Arian philosopher and theologian, pastor of the church of the Polish Brethren.\nSon of Christopher Crellius and grandson of Johannes Crellius. Samuel's mother died when he was 6, and his father then took his older brother, Christopher, and one of his sisters to England. Samuel remained with his father in Poland, who later remarried and became father of Paul (1677). It is recorded that Samuel studied in England, but when Christopher Crell Sr. died in 1680 Samuel's elder brother Christopher Crell Jr. appears to have been not in England, but studying medicine in Leiden, and did not return to take up medicine in London till 1683.\nSamuel was minister of the Socinian church in Lubniewice (from about 1706 and again from 1718) and Kr\u00f3lowa Wola. In Prussia and Lithuania he served as a spiritual leader, as had Samuel Przypkowski and Zbigniew Morsztyn before him. He worked closely with his half-brother Pawe\u0142, 17 years his junior, who was a minister of the church in Kosinowo.\nSamuel maintained contacts with representatives of the Reformation in England, Germany and the Netherlands, among others with John Locke, Isaac Newton and Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, who was protector also of Paul Crell. Samuel Crell was the author of over 20 works of philosophy and theology in Latin, printed in Amsterdam, London and K\u00f6nigsberg. He died on 9 June 1747 in Amsterdam.\nIt is recorded in Polish sources that Samuel had two sons, who emigrated to Georgia, America and spread Socinian teaching there.", "Q478260": "Tschagguns is a village in the Montafon valley, Bludenz district in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. Tschagguns offers skiing with its own ski resort called Golm. Tschagguns offers hiking, mountain biking, winter sports and much more. Gauertal is a valley found in Tschagguns between Mittagspitze and Golm. It is famous for the \"3 T\u00fcrme\" which means 3 Towers.", "Q62035": "Daniel Harrwitz (22 February 1821 \u2013 2 January 1884) was a German chess master.\nHarrwitz was born in Breslau (Wroc\u0142aw) in the Prussian Province of Silesia. Harrwitz's correct birth and death dates (22 February 1821 and 2 January 1884 respectively) were established by Luca D'Ambrosio in Chess Notes item 6286. He established his reputation in Paris, particularly as a player of blindfold games. He lost a match in England to Howard Staunton in 1846 at odds of a pawn and two moves, and drew a match with Adolf Anderssen in Germany in 1848.\nHarrwitz lived in England from 1849, and founded the British Chess Review. In 1856 he moved to Paris, where he won a match against Jules Arnous de Rivi\u00e8re. In 1858 he played a match against Paul Morphy in Paris. Harrwitz won the first two games, but lost the match 5\u00bd-2\u00bd. Harrwitz withdrew from the match, allegedly on grounds of ill health. He subsequently retired to the Austro-Hungarian county of Tyrol, dying in Bolzano in 1884.", "Q176910": "Thomas Jefferson Lilly (June 3, 1878 \u2013 April 2, 1956) represented West Virginia in the Sixty-eighth United States Congress. He was the son of Joseph L Lilly and Martha Jane Cox.\nThomas Lilly had a long career of service for his community and country. He was born in Dunns, West Virginia in Mercer County and began teaching in the rural schools of Mercer County while also tending to the family farm. He was elected Justice of the Peace and served from 1902 to 1906. After completing his term, he attended McKinley University in Chicago, Illinois, graduating with a degree in Law in 1911. He was admitted to the bar in West Virginia the same year and started practicing in Hinton, West Virginia.\nAfter spending a few years practicing law, he went back to working for the local government as both the State Commissioner of Accounts (1914\u20131927) and the Divorce Commissioner of Summers County (1914\u20131922). He ran for Congress after completing these commissions and sat as a Democratic Representative in the 68th Congress of the United States from March 4, 1923 to March 3, 1925. His reelection attempt in 1924 failed.\nThomas returned to his law practice until his death in 1956 in Sweet Springs, West Virginia. He is buried in Restwood Memorial Cemetery, Hinton, West Virginia.", "Q1997159": "Alexey Germanovich Lushnikov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u0301\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0443\u0301\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432; born June 10, 1966) is a Russian painter, television host, writer, producer, documentary filmmaker, political scientist, journalist, actor and philanthropist. His award-winning talk show (ru) Blue Pages. Night Talk With Alexey Lushnikov was the 1st night broadcast in Saint-Petersburg. He is the Founder and owner of television channel (ru) VOT!, the only special political channel in Russia, and (ru) National Encyclopedia of Personalities (Blue Pages of Russia). Lushnikov is a President of \"Documentary Films Foundation\", academician of \"International Academy of Sciences and Arts of Paris\" and State Advisor of Saint-Petersburg of the 3rd class.", "Q151377": "Antoine Charles IV de Gramont, comte de Guiche, 3rd Duke de Gramont, comte de Louvigny, Souverain de Bidache (1641 \u2013 25 October 1720) was a French diplomat.\nHe was the son of Antoine III de Gramont and Fran\u00e7oise-Marguerite du Plessis de Chivr\u00e9, Richelieu's niece.\nHe distinguished himself in the King\u2019s armies during the campaign against Holland in 1672 and during the Siege of Besan\u00e7on (1674) in the Franco-Dutch War.\nLater he was Ambassador extraordinary in Spain, Viceroy of Navarre and B\u00e9arn, and governor of Bayonne. \nHe was a Knight of the King's order and Knight of the Golden Fleece. \nIn 1668 he married Marie Charlotte de Castelnau (1648 \u2013 29 January 1694), daughter of Marshal Castelnau.\nThey had two children :\n\nCatherine-Charlotte de Boufflers (c. 1670\u20131739), lady-in-waiting, married Louis Fran\u00e7ois, duc de Boufflers\nAntoine V de Gramont (1672\u20131725), 4th Duke of Gramont.After his wife died he married Anne Baillet de La Cour in 1710.", "Q5371935": "Emilio Rivera (born February 24, 1961) is an American film and television actor and stand-up comedian. He is best known for his portrayal of Marcus \u00c1lvarez in Sons of Anarchy and its spin-off, Mayans M.C.. He is also known for his depiction of criminals and law enforcement officers.", "Q73138": "Hannes Messemer (17 May 1924 \u2013 2 November 1991) was a German actor. Born in Dillingen an der Donau, Bavaria, Messemer served on the Eastern Front of World War II and was eventually captured by Soviet soldiers. He managed to escape and make it back to Germany on foot. After the war, Messemer tried his hand at several jobs, before falling into acting in 1946. With only his natural talent and no training, he successfully secured roles with several major theatre companies in T\u00fcbingen, Hamburg, Munich and Berlin in the following ten years.\nHis big break in films came with a role in Rose Bernd in 1956. He was then cast in the major role of Colonel Rossdorf in the production of The Devil Strikes at Night the following year - a role which saw him awarded a Best Actor accolade. A series of successful roles followed, including The Doctor of Stalingrad, Der Transport (Destination Death), Die Br\u00fccke des Schicksals and the comedy Babette Goes to War with Brigitte Bardot. He achieved critical international acclaim for his role as Colonel Muller in the Roberto Rossellini production of General della Rovere (1959), with the film winning the Golden Lion at Venice that year.\nMessemer is probably best known for his role as Oberst von Luger, the Kommandant in The Great Escape (1963). The film had a star-studded cast, but it was Messemer, relatively unknown outside Europe, who uttered the film's most famous line (to Steve McQueen/Capt. Hilts): \"It looks, after all, as if you will see Berlin before I do.\"\nHe continued to star in TV and theatre productions, becoming a familiar face to German television audiences for over 20 years. Some of his roles included major TV productions such as Union der festen Hand and Die D\u00e4monen, as well as two years as Commissioner Deeds in the TV drama series Sergeant Berry. He also lent his distinctive voice to radio and recorded works, including the writings of Mao, and a reading of the four books of the Gospels.\nA heavy lifelong smoker, Messemer suffered throat cancer during the 1980s, and surgery left his voice at only a whisper. Forced to retire from acting, he appeared on German television for the last time in 1989, in a production with Agnes Fink.\nHannes Messemer died of a heart attack in Aachen. He was married four times, and had two daughters.", "Q117322": "Leonhard Ragaz (1868\u20131945) was a Swiss Reformed theologian and, with Hermann Kutter, one of the founders of religious socialism in Switzerland. He was influenced by Christoph Blumhardt. He was married to the feminist and peace activist Clara Ragaz-Nadig.\n\n", "Q780563": "Hidemi Suzuki (\u9234\u6728 \u79c0\u7f8e, Suzuki Hidemi, born 1957 in Kobe) is a Japanese cellist.", "Q55841": "Count Edward Bernard Raczy\u0144ski (December 19, 1891 \u2013 July 30, 1993) was a Polish diplomat, writer, politician and President of Poland in exile (between 1979 and 1986).\nHe was the longest living (101), and oldest serving Polish President (from the age of 88 to 95).", "Q982023": "Jacques Laurent or Jacques Laurent-C\u00e9ly (6 January 1919, Paris \u2013 28 December 2000) was a French writer and journalist. He was born in Paris, the son of a barrister. During World War II he fought with the Algerian Tirailleurs.\nLaurent was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1986.\nLaurent belonged to the literary group of the Hussards, and is known as a prolific historical novelist, essay writer, and screenwriter under the nom de plume of Cecil Saint-Laurent. The 1955 film Lola Mont\u00e8s, directed by Max Oph\u00fcls, was based on his historic novel based on the life of Lola Montez. He wrote Jean Aurel's Oscar-nominated 1963 World War I documentary, 14-18. He also directed the film Quarante-huit heures d'amour/48 Hours of Love (1969).\nAnother noteworthy novel by Saint-Laurent was Caroline Cherie (written in 1947), a powerful book set in the early days of the French Revolution. This also became a film. This was released in France in 1953, directed by Jean-Devaivre and starring Martine Carol in the title role. Saint-Laurent was one of the scriptwriters of the film.\nThe 1961 \"Les Passagers pour Alger\" (translated to English as \"Algerian Adventure\") was a contemporary thriller,set against the background of the then raging Algerian War, and like many of his books written from the point of view of adventurous, daring young woman.\nLaurent received the Prix Goncourt in 1971 for his novel Les B\u00eatises.\n\n", "Q156418": "The Hawaiian Kingdom (a.k.a. Kingdom of Hawai\u02bbi) originated in 1795 when warrior chief Kamehameha the Great, of the independent island of Hawai\u02bbi, conquered the independent islands of O\u02bbahu, Maui, Moloka\u02bbi, and L\u0101na\u02bbi and unified them under one government. In 1810, the whole Hawaiian Islands became unified when Kaua\u02bbi and Ni\u02bbihau joined the Hawaiian Kingdom voluntarily. Two major dynastic families ruled the kingdom: the House of Kamehameha and the House of Kal\u0101kaua.\nThe Kingdom won recognition from major European powers. The United States became its chief trading partner. The U.S. watched over the Kingdom lest some other power (such as Britain or Japan) threaten to seize control. Hawaii was forced to adopt a new constitution in 1887 when King Kal\u0101kaua was threatened with violence by the Honolulu Rifles, a white, anti-monarchist militia, to sign it. Queen Lili\u02bbuokalani, who succeeded Kal\u0101kaua in 1891, tried to abrogate the 1887 constitution and promulgate a new constitution, but was overthrown in 1893, largely at the hands of the Committee of Safety, a group of residents consisting of Hawaiian subjects and foreign nationals of American, British and German descent, many of whom were educated in the U.S., lived there for a time and identified strongly as American. Hawaii became a republic until the United States annexed it using The Newlands Resolution which was a joint resolution passed on July 4, 1898, by the United States Congress creating the Territory of Hawaii.", "Q360106": "David Sarnoff (February 27, 1891 \u2013 December 12, 1971) was a Russian-American businessman and pioneer of American radio and television. Throughout most of his career he led the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in various capacities from shortly after its founding in 1919 until his retirement in 1970.\nHe ruled over an ever-growing telecommunications and media empire that included both RCA and NBC, and became one of the largest companies in the world. Named a Reserve Brigadier General of the Signal Corps in 1945, Sarnoff thereafter was widely known as \"The General.\"Sarnoff is credited with Sarnoff's law, which states that the value of a broadcast network is proportional to the number of viewers.", "Q121848": "Otto Schmirgal (15 December 1900 \u2013 24 October 1944) was a German workman, politician, and a resistance fighter against the Nazi r\u00e9gime.", "Q380794": "Aleksand\u00ebr Stavre Drenova (pronounced [al\u025bk\u02c8sand\u0259r sta\u02c8vr\u025b dr\u025b\u02c8nova]; 11 April 1872 \u2013 11 December 1947), commonly known by the pen name Asdreni, was an Albanian poet, rilindas, translator, writer and the author of the poem which later became the national anthem of Albania. He is regarded as one of the most influential Albanian writers of the 20th century and composed most of his Albanian Renaissance-inspired known works during that period. \nBorn in the village of Drenov\u00eb, Asdreni completed his academic studies at the University of Bucharest in Romania where he enthusiastically committed himself to the Independence of Albania from the Ottoman Empire. He maintained close liaison with fellow Gjergj Fishta and Lasgush Poradeci and was notably inspired by the patriots Girolamo de Rada and Naim Frash\u00ebri.\nRreze dielli, a collection of 99 poems, was his first prominent work which he dedicated to the national hero of Albania Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg. Devoted to Edith Durham a friend of Albania, his second collection of again 99 poems, \u00cbndrra e lot\u00eb, displayed a wider range of themes and motifs as well as his more astonishing maturity.", "Q155111": "Sahibzada Iskander Ali Mirza (Urdu: \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0627\u200e, Bengali: \u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be; 13 November 1899 \u2013 13 November 1969), CIE, OSS, OBE, was a Pakistani general and civil servant who was the first President of Pakistan. He was elected in this capacity in 1956 until being dismissed by his appointed army commander General Ayub Khan in 1958.Mirza was educated at the University of Mumbai before attending the military college in Sandhurst in the United Kingdom. After a brief military service in the British Indian Army, he joined the Indian Political Service and spent the majority of his career as a political agent in the Western region of the British India until elevated as joint secretary at the Ministry of Defence in 1946. After the independence of Pakistan as result of the Partition of India, Mirza was appointed as first Defence Secretary by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan, only to oversee the military efforts in first war with India in 1947, followed by failed secessionism in Balochistan in 1948. In 1954, he was appointed as Governor of his home province of East Bengal by Prime Minister Mohammad Ali of Bogra to control the law and order sparked as a result of the popular language movement in 1952, but later elevated as Interior Minister in Bogra administration in 1955.\nPlaying a crucial role in ousting of Governor-General Sir Malik Ghulam, Mirza assumed his position in 1955 and was elected as the first President of Pakistan when the first set of Constitution was promulgated in 1956. His presidency, however, marked with political instability which saw his unconstitutional interferences in the civilian administration that led to the dismissal of four prime ministers in a mere two years. Facing challenges in getting the political endorsements and reelection for the presidency, Mirza surprisingly suspended the writ of the Constitution by having imposed martial law against his own party's administration governed by Prime Minister Feroze Khan on 8 October 1958, enforcing it through his army commander General Ayub Khan who dismissed him when the situation between them escalated, also in 1958. Mirza lived in the United Kingdom for the remainder of his life and was buried in Iran in 1969.His legacy and image is viewed negatively by some Pakistani historians who believe that Mirza was responsible for weakening of democracy and political instability in the country.", "Q1087534": "Sami Wolking (born 15 August 1973, Helsinki, Finland), better known by his stage name Magnum, is a Finnish bass player of Naked Idol and a former member of the hard rock band Lordi.\nMagnum was a member of Lordi from 1999 to 2002. He sang backing vocals for Bend Over and Pray the Lord album, played bass on Get Heavy album and can be seen in the music video for Would You Love a Monsterman? He was fired in 2002 because other members of Lordi thought he didn't have enough motivation for the band.Magnum formed his current band Naked Idol in 2006 with his friend Jones and continues to perform under the Magnum name but without the cyborg personality and costume.", "Q29544": "Delia Ann Derbyshire (5 May 1937 \u2013 3 July 2001) was an English musician and composer of electronic music. She carried out pioneering work with the BBC Radiophonic Workshop during the 1960s, including her electronic arrangement of the theme music to the British science-fiction television series Doctor Who. She has been referred to as \"the unsung heroine of British electronic music,\" having influenced musicians including Aphex Twin, the Chemical Brothers and Paul Hartnoll of Orbital.", "Q1392181": "Ahmet Muhtar Kent (born December 1, 1952) is an American business executive. He was the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of The Coca-Cola Company. He became CEO in 2008, and chairman in 2009.In December 2016, Coca-Cola announced that Kent would step down as CEO in May 2017, to be replaced by president and COO James Quincey. Kent continued as the company's chairman. He stepped down as chairman in April 2019.", "Q277308": "John Michael Scalzi II (born May 10, 1969) is an American science fiction author and former president of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. He is best known for his Old Man's War series, three novels of which have been nominated for the Hugo Award, and for his blog Whatever, where he has written on a number of topics since 1998. He won the Hugo Award for Best Fan Writer in 2008 based predominantly on that blog, which he has also used for several charity drives. His novel Redshirts won the 2013 Hugo Award for Best Novel. He has written non-fiction books and columns on diverse topics such as finance, video games, films, astronomy, writing and politics, and served as a creative consultant for the TV series Stargate Universe.", "Q186349": "T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 (Romanian: [\u02c8t\u0268r\u0261u \u02c8mure\u0283] (listen); Hungarian: Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, IPA: [\u02c8m\u0252ro\u0283va\u02d0\u0283a\u02d0rh\u025bj] (listen)) is the seat of Mure\u0219 County in the north-central part of Romania. It is the 16th largest Romanian city, with 134,290 inhabitants as of the 2011 census. It lies on the Mure\u0219 river, the second longest river in Romania (after the Danube).\n\n", "Q740021": "JT Marvelous (JT\u30de\u30fc\u30f4\u30a7\u30e9\u30b9, JT M\u0101vuerasu) is a women's volleyball team owned by Japan Tobacco Ltd., and based in Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan. The team is the reigning champion of the V.League 1 after winning the 2019-20 season.", "Q103357": "Friedrich Erhard Niedt (31 May 1674 \u2013 1717) was a German jurist, music theorist, and composer.\nNiedt was born in Jena, and enrolled at the University of Jena in 1694, where he is thought to have studied law. Around 1700, he moved to Copenhagen, staying in Hamburg along the way. He died in Copenhagen.\nThe first part of his Musical Guide might be a record of musical techniques similar to what Johann Sebastian Bach used.", "Q766958": "Auguste Rateau (13 October 1863 \u2013 13 January 1930) was an engineer and industrialist born in Royan, France, specializing in turbines.", "Q577621": "Barton MacLane (December 25, 1902 \u2013 January 1, 1969) was an American actor, playwright, and screenwriter. Although he appeared in many classic films from the 1930s through the 1960s, he became \nbest-known for his role as General Martin Peterson on the 1960s NBC television comedy series I Dream of Jeannie, with Barbara Eden and Larry Hagman.", "Q69160": "Bolligen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district of the canton of Bern, Switzerland.\nIn the historical center is a twelfth-century church, with a benefice barn and parsonage from the 16th century.", "Q708059": "Christopher Ellis (born April 14, 1956) is an American film and television actor.", "Q3978281": "Susanne Haworth is a retired Australian producer and film and television actress. She was a well-known child star during the 1960s, best known as Susan Wells in the children's adventure series Adventures of the Seaspray, but also had memorable guest appearances on Cop Shop, Prisoner Cell Block H and A Country Practice in her later career.\nHoworth also became a successful television producer and was involved in the crime drama television series Phoenix, Secrets and Janus during the early-to mid 1990s and is the co-owner of Kuranya Pictures, a production company based in Bilgola, New South Wales, with Bill Hughes.\n\n", "Q66253": "J\u00fcrgen Thorwald (born as Heinz Bongartz October 28, 1915 \u2013 April 4, 2006) was a German writer, journalist and historian known for his works describing the history of forensic medicine and of World War II.\nThorwald was a native of Solingen, Rhenish Prussia, and attended the University of Cologne. He started his career in 1933 in Nazi Germany, writing for publications such as Die Braune Post (\"The Brown Mail\"), the SS journal Das Schwarze Korps (\"The Black Corps\") and the NSDAP paper National-Zeitung. During the war he worked as a propaganda writer focusing on the Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine and the general German war effort.\nAfter the war he used the pseudonym J\u00fcrgen Thorwald in order to be able to work under allied occupation. In 1947, he legally adopted the new name.Thorwalds book The Century of the Detective was nominated for the Edgar Allan Poe Award in 1966 in Best Fact Crime category, but he lost to Truman Capote's In Cold Blood. In 1984 he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. Thorwald died in Lugano.", "Q1931946": "Middlesex County (2016 population 71,551) is a primarily rural county in Southwestern Ontario, Canada covering 3,317.27 square kilometres. Landlocked, the county is bordered by Huron and Perth counties on the north, Oxford County on the east, Elgin County on the south, and Chatham-Kent and Lambton County on the west.\nThe county seat is the city of London, although the city is politically independent from the county. The Middlesex census division, which consists of the county together with the City of London and three First Nations reserves, had a population of 455,526 in 2016. Part of the county is also included in the London census metropolitan area.", "Q241876": "Captains Courageous is a 1937 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer adventure film. Based on the novel by Rudyard Kipling, \"Captains Courageous: A Story of the Grand Banks\", it had its world premiere at the Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angeles. The movie was produced by Louis D. Lighton and directed by Victor Fleming. Filmed in black-and-white, Captains Courageous was advertised by MGM as a coming-of-age classic with exciting action sequences.\nBackgrounds and exteriors for the film were shot on location in Port aux Basques, Newfoundland and Shelburne, Nova Scotia in Canada, and Gloucester, Massachusetts.", "Q181432": "Zephaniah Swift (February 27, 1759 \u2013 September 27, 1823) was an eighteenth-century American author, judge, lawyer, law professor, diplomat and politician from Windham, Connecticut. He served as a U.S. Representative from Connecticut and State Supreme Court Judge. He wrote the first legal treatise published in America.", "Q70425": "Christoph Scheurl or von Scheurl (11 November 1481 \u2013 14 June 1542) was a German jurist, diplomat and humanist who became famous for arranging a humanistic friendship between Johann Eck and Martin Luther.", "Q1525404": "Wellington County is a county located in Southwestern Ontario, Canada and is part of the Greater Golden Horseshoe. The County, made up of two towns and five townships, is predominantly rural in nature. However many of the residents in the southern part of the County commute to urban areas such as Guelph, Kitchener, Waterloo, Brampton, Mississauga, Toronto and Hamilton for employment. The northern part of the county (comprising Minto, Mapleton and Wellington North townships) is made up of mainly rural farming communities, except for a few larger towns such as Mount Forest and Arthur. According to the 2016 Census, the population of the County was 90,932.In 2018, the Warden of the county was Kelly Linton (mayor of Centre Wellington) and there were 14 Councillors. Police services are provided by the Ontario Provincial Police. Schools are operated by the Upper Grand District School Board and by the Wellington Catholic District School Board.", "Q67159": "Kerns is a village in the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland.", "Q103343": "Jennifer Lynn Connelly (born December 12, 1970) is an American actress who began her career as a child model. She appeared in magazine, newspaper and television advertising, before she made her film acting debut in the crime film Once Upon a Time in America (1984). Connelly continued modeling and acting, starring in a number of films, including the horror film Phenomena (1985), the musical fantasy film Labyrinth (1986), the romantic comedy Career Opportunities (1991), and the period superhero film The Rocketeer (1991). She gained critical acclaim for her work in the science fiction film Dark City (1998) and for playing a drug addict in Darren Aronofsky's drama Requiem for a Dream (2000).\nIn 2002, Connelly won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for portraying Alicia Nash in Ron Howard's biopic A Beautiful Mind (2001). Her subsequent credits include the Marvel superhero film Hulk (2003), in which she played Bruce Banner's love interest Betty Ross, the horror film Dark Water (2005), the drama Blood Diamond (2006), the science fiction film The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008), the romantic comedy He's Just Not That Into You (2009), and the biopic Creation (2009). In the 2010s, she took on supporting roles in Aronofsky's epic film Noah (2014) and in the action film Alita: Battle Angel (2019).\nConnelly was named Amnesty International Ambassador for Human Rights Education in 2005. She has been the face of Balenciaga fashion advertisements, as well as for Revlon cosmetics. In 2012, she was named the first global face of the Shiseido Company. Magazines, including Time, Vanity Fair and Esquire, as well as the Los Angeles Times newspaper, have included her on their lists of the world's most beautiful women.", "Q1288867": "\u00d6d\u00f6n Singer (14 October 1830 \u2013 23 January 1912), also known as Edmund Singer, was a Hungarian violinist.\nHe was born in Tata, Hungary in 1830 and studied under Joseph B\u00f6hm in Vienna. He was a childhood friend of Joseph Joachim. In 1854 he became concertmaster of the Weimar orchestra. He died in Stuttgart, Germany in 1912.", "Q860918": "An Esperantist (Esperanto: Esperantisto) is a person who speaks Esperanto. According to the Declaration of Boulogne, a document agreed upon at the first World Esperanto Congress in 1905, an Esperantist is someone who speaks Esperanto and uses it for any purpose.", "Q768961": "Manuel Bartlett Bautista (December 23, 1894 in Tenosique, Tabasco \u2013 April 24, 1963 in Mexico City) was a Mexican journalist, lawyer, judge, and politician who served as Governor of the State of Tabasco for two years, before being pressured to resign.", "Q188370": "Marquette University () is a private Jesuit research university in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Established by the Society of Jesus as Marquette College on August 28, 1881, it was founded by John Martin Henni, the first Bishop of Milwaukee.The university was named after 17th-century missionary and explorer Father Jacques Marquette, SJ, with the intention to provide an affordable Catholic education to the area's emerging German immigrant population. Initially an all-male institution, Marquette became the first coeducational Catholic university in the world in 1909 when it began admitting its first female students.Marquette is one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and currently has a student body of about 12,000. Marquette is one of the largest Jesuit universities in the United States, and the largest private university in Wisconsin.Marquette is organized into 11 schools and colleges at its main Milwaukee campus, offering programs in the liberal arts, business, communications, education, engineering, law and various health sciences disciplines. The university also administers classes in suburbs around the Milwaukee area and in Washington, DC. While most students are pursuing undergraduate degrees, the university has over 68 doctoral and master's degree programs, a law school, a dental school (only one in the state), and 22 graduate certificate programs. The university's varsity athletic teams, known as the Golden Eagles, are members of the Big East Conference and compete in the NCAA's Division I in all sports.", "Q578506": "The Karacaahmet Cemetery (Turkish: Karacaahmet Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131) is a 700-year-old historic cemetery, located in \u00dcsk\u00fcdar, the Asian side of Istanbul. Karacaahmet cemetery is the oldest in Istanbul and at 750 acres (3.0 km2), the largest burial ground in Turkey.\nThe cemetery was named after a warrior companion of Orhan I, the second Ottoman sultan and is believed to have been founded in the mid-14th century. It is estimated that over a million people are interred in the non-profit cemetery.Karacaahmet Cemetery comprises 12 parcels, each dedicated to different religious groups. Many historical headstones can still be seen with inscriptions written in the Ottoman Turkish alphabet, a version of the Arabic alphabet. The burial ground is covered by high cypress trees.The shrine of Karaca Ahmet Sultan, a 13th-century physician and saint of Alevis, a sect of Islam, is situated within the cemetery. There are also many other historical tombs and masjids, which is the Arabic word for mosques, built during the Ottoman period.", "Q16166155": "The music video for recording artist Janet Jackson's single \"Rhythm Nation\" was directed by Dominic Sena. It was filmed as part of the long-form video Rhythm Nation 1814 Film at a power plant located in Pasadena, California. The video is notable for its \"post-apocalyptic\" warehouse setting, the unisex black military-style uniforms in which Jackson and her dancers were outfitted, and its choreography, considered to \"set the template for hundreds of videos to come in the Nineties and aughts.\"\nThe video's outfit has received various tributes, being displayed at Walt Disney World theme park, Rock & Roll Hall of Fame's \"Women Who Rock: Vision, Passion, Power\" exhibit, and the National Museum of Women in the Arts. A wax figure of Jackson wearing the outfit was also included in Madame Tussaud's exhibits in Hollywood and New York City, as well as Tussaud's Rock Circus exhibit in London. The song and choreography is also a mainstay at talent shows worldwide, and has been performed at The X Factor, Britain's Got Talent, and America's Best Dance Crew, with an Australian music show also named after the song. Various actors and choreographers, including Wade Robson and Travis Payne, have cited Jackson and the \"Rhythm Nation\" routine as a primary influence to their careers.\nIt won multiple accolades, including MTV's Video Vanguard Award for Jackson's impact on entertainment. Entertainment Weekly considered the video \"legendary,\" and Rolling Stone included it in a list of 10 Favorite Dancing Musicians, calling Jackson \"a brilliant dancer\" whom it said had \"arguably had a greater long-term impact on the choreography of contemporary music videos\" even than her own brother Michael Jackson had had. The publication also titled it \"the gold standard for dystopian dance pop music videos,\" featuring \"some of the most memorable choreography in pop video history.\" The Los Angeles Times considered Janet's choreography to be \"even more enthralling\" than those of her contemporaries.", "Q1360303": "The University of Kentucky (UK) is a public university in Lexington, Kentucky. Founded in 1865 by John Bryan Bowman as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky, the university is one of the state's two land-grant universities (the other being Kentucky State University) and the institution with the highest enrollment in the state, with 30,720 students as of Fall 2015.\nThe institution comprises 16 colleges, a graduate school, 93 undergraduate programs, 99 master programs, 66 doctoral programs, and four professional programs. The University of Kentucky has fifteen libraries on campus. The largest is the William T. Young Library, a federal depository, hosting subjects related to social sciences, humanities, and life sciences collections. In recent years, the university has focused expenditures increasingly on research, following a compact formed by the Kentucky General Assembly in 1997. The directive mandated that the university become a Top 20 public research institution, in terms of an overall ranking, to be determined by the university itself, by the year 2020.", "Q200194": "Victoria Dawn Justice (born February 19, 1993) is an American actress and singer. She rose to fame on Nickelodeon in the 2000s, starring as Lola Martinez on Zoey 101 (2005\u20132008) and later as Tori Vega on Victorious (2010\u20132013). Justice has also appeared in the films The Boy Who Cried Werewolf (2010), Fun Size (2012), The First Time (2012) and Naomi and Ely's No Kiss List (2015). In 2015, she starred in the lead role as Lindy Sampson on the MTV television series Eye Candy. In music, Justice has recorded several songs for the soundtracks of her acting projects, including Victorious and the Nickelodeon musical Spectacular!.", "Q87913": "Adrian Hoven (18 May 1922 \u2013 28 April 1981) was an Austrian actor, producer and film director. He appeared in 100 films between 1947 and 1981. He was born in W\u00f6llersdorf, Austria as Wilhelm Arpad Hofkirchner and died in Tegernsee, Germany.", "Q752431": "New Hebrides, officially the New Hebrides Condominium (French: Condominium des Nouvelles-H\u00e9brides, lit. \"Condominium of the New Hebrides\") and named for the Hebrides Scottish archipelago, was the colonial name for the island group in the South Pacific Ocean that is now Vanuatu. Native people had inhabited the islands for three thousand years before the first Europeans arrived in 1606 from a Spanish expedition led by Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queir\u00f3s. The islands were colonised by both the British and French in the 18th century, shortly after Captain James Cook visited.\nThe two countries eventually signed an agreement making the islands an Anglo-French condominium that divided the New Hebrides into two separate communities: one Anglophone and one Francophone. This divide continues even after independence, with schools teaching in either one language or the other, and with different political parties. The condominium lasted from 1906 until 1980, when the New Hebrides gained their independence as the Republic of Vanuatu.", "Q4804845": "Asher Levine (born March 12, 1988) is an American fashion designer. He is the designer for his eponymous progressive label, Asher Levine, known for its mad-scientist-meets-luxe aesthetic and pioneering fabrication techniques.", "Q1739081": "Kenwood Marshall Dennard (born March 1, 1956, New York City) is an American jazz drummer.\nDennard learned piano as a child and took up drumming at nine years of age. He attended the Manhattan School of Music from 1972 to 1973 and Berklee College of Music from 1973 to 1976. Later in the decade he worked with Dizzy Gillespie, Pat Martino, High Life and Brand X. He played with Martino again in the late 1980s and with The Manhattan Transfer, Dianne Reeves, Jaco Pastorius, Lew Soloff, Bob Moses, and Stanley Jordan during that decade.\nIn the 1990s he worked with Miles Davis, Maceo Parker, Quincy Jones, and Howard Johnson. He also led his own ensembles, including Just Advance, the Meta-Funk All Stars, and Quintessence; his sidemen have included Victor Bailey, Dave Bargeron, Hiram Bullock, Stanton Davis, Marcus Miller, and Herman Wright Jr.. In 1999 he began teaching at Berklee.", "Q4580114": "Ludvig Mariboe (12 October 1781 \u2013 19 June 1841) was a Norwegian businessman, publisher and politician.", "Q382197": "\u017deljko Ivanek (n\u00e9 \u0160imi\u0107-Ivanek; ; Slovene: [\u02c8\u0292\u025b\u02d0lk\u0254 i\u02c8\u028ba\u02d0n\u0259k]; born August 15, 1957) is a Slovenian\u2013American actor, known for his role as Ray Fiske on Damages, for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award. Ivanek is also known for his role of Ed Danvers on Homicide: Life on the Street and Homicide: The Movie, Governor James Devlin on Oz, Andre Drazen on 24, Blake Sterling on the short-lived NBC series The Event, and Emile \"The Hunter\" Danko in Heroes. From 2014 until 2019, he starred as Russell Jackson in the CBS drama Madam Secretary. He also had a recurring role as F.B.I Special Agent Jim Racine in the Cinemax original series Banshee.", "Q366563": "Richard Wagstaff Clark (November 30, 1929 \u2013 April 18, 2012) was an American radio and television personality, television producer and film actor, as well as a cultural icon who remains best known for hosting American Bandstand from 1957 to 1988. He also hosted the game show Pyramid and Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve, which transmitted Times Square's New Year's Eve celebrations.\nAs host of American Bandstand, Clark introduced rock & roll to many Americans. The show gave many new music artists their first exposure to national audiences, including Iggy Pop, Ike & Tina Turner, Smokey Robinson and the Miracles, Stevie Wonder, Prince, Talking Heads, Simon & Garfunkel and Madonna. Episodes he hosted were among the first in which blacks and whites performed on the same stage, and likewise among the first in which the live studio audience sat without racial segregation. Singer Paul Anka claimed that Bandstand was responsible for creating a \"youth culture\". Due to his perennially youthful appearance and his largely teenaged audience of American Bandstand, Clark was often referred to as \"America's oldest teenager\" or \"the world's oldest teenager\".In his off-stage roles, Clark served as Chief Executive Officer of Dick Clark Productions (a financial interest in which he sold off in his later years). He also founded the American Bandstand Diner, a restaurant chain modeled after the Hard Rock Cafe. In 1973, he created and produced the annual American Music Awards show, similar to the Grammy Awards.Clark suffered a stroke in December 2004. With speech ability impaired, Clark returned to his New Year's Rockin' Eve show a year later on December 31, 2005. Subsequently, he appeared at the 58th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2006, and every New Year's Rockin' Eve show through the December 31, 2011 episode. He died on April 18, 2012, of a heart attack, at the age of 82, following prostate surgery.", "Q742622": "Pierre Schoendoerffer (French: Pierre Sch\u0153nd\u0153rffer; 5 May 1928 \u2013 14 March 2012) was a French film director, a screenwriter, a writer, a war reporter, a war cameraman, a renowned First Indochina War veteran, a cinema academician. He was president of the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts for 2001 and for 2007.In 1967, he was the winner of the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for The Anderson Platoon. The film followed a platoon of American soldiers for six weeks at the height of fighting in Vietnam during 1966.", "Q1489": "Mexico City (Spanish: Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, American Spanish: [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e \u02c8mexiko] (listen); abbreviated as CDMX; Nahuatl languages: \u0100ltep\u0113tl M\u0113xihco), is the capital city of Mexico and the most populous city in North America. Mexico City is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de M\u00e9xico), a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 meters (7,350 ft). The city has 16 subdivisions, formerly known as boroughs.\nThe 2009 population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people, with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers (573 sq mi). According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the population of Greater Mexico City is 21.3 million, which makes it the second largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere, the eleventh-largest agglomeration (2017), and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world.Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $411 billion in 2011, making Greater Mexico City one of the most productive urban areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's GDP, and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. If it were an independent country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America, five times as large as Costa Rica and about the same size as Peru.Mexico's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people, the other being Quito, Ecuador. The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan, which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as M\u00e9xico Tenochtitl\u00e1n, and as of 1585, it was officially known as Ciudad de M\u00e9xico (Mexico City). Mexico City was the political, administrative, and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire. After independence from Spain was achieved, the federal district was created in 1824.\nAfter years of demanding greater political autonomy, residents were finally given the right to elect both a head of government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by election in 1997. Ever since, left-wing parties (first the Party of the Democratic Revolution and later the National Regeneration Movement) have controlled both of them. The city has several progressive policies, such as abortion on demand, a limited form of euthanasia, no-fault divorce, and same-sex marriage.\nOn 29 January 2016, it ceased to be the Federal District (Spanish: Distrito Federal or D.F.) and is now officially known as Ciudad de M\u00e9xico (or CDMX), with a greater degree of autonomy. A clause in the Constitution of Mexico, however, prevents it from becoming a state within the Mexican federation, as it is the seat of power in the country, unless the capital of the country were to be relocated elsewhere.", "Q468067": "Prince Vladimir Fyodorovich Odoyevsky (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041e\u0434\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [\u0250\u02c8doj\u026afsk\u02b2\u026aj]; 11 August [O.S. 30 July] 1803 \u2013 11 March [O.S. 27 February] 1869) was a prominent Russian philosopher, writer, music critic, philanthropist and pedagogue. He became known as the \"Russian Hoffmann\" on account of his keen interest in phantasmagoric tales and musical criticism.", "Q178929": "U\u011fur D\u00fcndar (born 28 August 1943) is a Turkish journalist, anchorman, political commentator and writer.\nHe was born in Ak\u00f6ren village of Silivri district in Istanbul Province. He graduated from Istanbul University's Economics faculty. He joined Turkish Radio and Television Corporation in 1970 and built a journalistic career over more than 20 years. Until 2011 D\u00fcndar was the anchorman of Star TV where he headed the news team.\nCurrently he is writing for S\u00f6zc\u00fc and has a program on Halk TV.\nHe also was a Fenerbah\u00e7e SK board member between 20 February 2000-3 March 2002.", "Q44780": "Chester Arthur Burnett (June 10, 1910 \u2013 January 10, 1976), known as Howlin' Wolf, was a Chicago blues singer, guitarist, and harmonica player. Originally from Mississippi, he moved to Chicago in adulthood and became successful, forming a rivalry with fellow bluesman Muddy Waters. With a booming voice and imposing physical presence, he is one of the best-known Chicago blues artists. \nThe musician and critic Cub Koda noted, \"no one could match Howlin' Wolf for the singular ability to rock the house down to the foundation while simultaneously scaring its patrons out of its wits.\" Producer Sam Phillips recalled, \"When I heard Howlin' Wolf, I said, 'This is for me. This is where the soul of man never dies.'\" Several of his songs, including \"Smokestack Lightnin'\", \"Killing Floor\" and \"Spoonful\", have become blues and blues rock standards. In 2011, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 54 on its list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\".", "Q185654": "Gal Gadot (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05dc \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea\u200e, [\u02c8\u0261al \u0261a\u02c8dot]; born 30 April 1985) is an Israeli actress, model, and producer. At age 18, she was crowned Miss Israel 2004. She then served two years in the Israel Defense Forces as a fitness/combat readiness instructor, after which she began studying law and international relations at IDC Herzliya college while building up her modeling and acting careers.Gadot's first international film role came as Gisele Yashar in Fast & Furious (2009), a role she reprised in subsequent installments of the film franchise. She went on to earn worldwide fame for portraying Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe, beginning with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), followed by the solo film Wonder Woman and the ensemble Justice League (both 2017). In 2018, Gadot was included on Time's annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world, and she was listed among the highest-paid actresses in the world.", "Q1083746": "Ghost Talker's Daydream, known in Japan as Vulgar Ghost Daydream (\u4f4e\u4fd7\u970aDAYDREAM, Teizokurei Daydream), is a sh\u014dnen manga written by Saki Okuse and illustrated by Sankichi Meguro, set in modern Japan. There are 10 volumes in total, and the series was also adapted as a four episode OVA. The English version released by Geneon changed the title to Ghost Talker's Daydream, which is not a direct translation of the formal manga title.\nThe protagonist is the virgin albino woman Saiki Misaki holding down three jobs, none of which she finds herself particularly happy with; one as a dominatrix in a BDSM club and writer of a column for a porno magazine, and the other as a civil servant in the employ of The Livelihood Preservation Group as a necromancer able to perceive and to communicate with ghosts, sometimes allowing them to speak through her with the living. Her government job usually entails exorcism. Misaki considers her shamanic civil service position even more tawdry and less respectable than her sex work.\nSubplots, often of one or two chapters in length, include such as introduce important characters, and others to help develop motivations of leading characters.\nThere are three major characters, at least one of whom appears in every chapter with the exception of chapter 16 \"Dead Man's Hand\". In order of introduction they are: Saiki Misaki, Mitsuru and Souichirou. Various recurring and often important characters also populate the series.\nFan service, nudity and sexual themes are all integral to motivation and backstory, along with insight into Japanese suicide culture and sexual dysfunction with sexual and physical abuse, such carnal troubles of the soul from which even death may guarantee no release.\nThe Japanese title translates as teizoku = vulgar + rei = ghost. However, there is a pun on the word rei, which can also refer to a companion. In other words, it can be said either Vulgar Ghost or Vulgar Companion, for Misaki Saiki is indeed a vulgar companion in contending with vulgar apparitions.", "Q483978": "Pentecostalism or Classical Pentecostalism is a Protestant Christian movement that emphasises direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit. The term Pentecostal is derived from Pentecost, the Greek name for the Jewish Feast of Weeks. For Christians, this event commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the followers of Jesus Christ, as described in the second chapter of the Acts of the Apostles.\nLike other forms of evangelical Protestantism, Pentecostalism adheres to the inerrancy of the Bible and the necessity of accepting Jesus Christ as personal Lord and Savior. It is distinguished by belief in the baptism in the Holy Spirit that enables a Christian to live a Spirit-filled and empowered life. This empowerment includes the use of spiritual gifts such as speaking in tongues and divine healing\u2014two other defining characteristics of Pentecostalism. Because of their commitment to biblical authority, spiritual gifts, and the miraculous, Pentecostals tend to see their movement as reflecting the same kind of spiritual power and teachings that were found in the Apostolic Age of the early church. For this reason, some Pentecostals also use the term Apostolic or Full Gospel to describe their movement.\nPentecostalism emerged in the early 20th century among radical adherents of the Holiness movement who were energized by revivalism and expectation for the imminent Second Coming of Christ. Believing that they were living in the end times, they expected God to spiritually renew the Christian Church thereby bringing to pass the restoration of spiritual gifts and the evangelization of the world. In 1900, Charles Parham, an American evangelist and faith healer, began teaching that speaking in tongues was the Bible evidence of Spirit baptism and along with William J. Seymour, a Wesleyan-Holiness preacher, he taught that this was the third work of grace. The three-year-long Azusa Street Revival, founded and led by Seymour in Los Angeles, California, resulted in the spread of Pentecostalism throughout the United States and the rest of the world as visitors carried the Pentecostal experience back to their home churches or felt called to the mission field. While virtually all Pentecostal denominations trace their origins to Azusa Street, the movement has experienced a variety of divisions and controversies. An early dispute centered on challenges to the doctrine of the Trinity. As a result, the Pentecostal movement is divided between trinitarian and non-trinitarian branches, resulting in the emergence of Oneness Pentecostals.\nComprising over 700 denominations and many independent churches, there is no central authority governing Pentecostalism; however, many denominations are affiliated with the Pentecostal World Fellowship. There are over 279 million Pentecostals worldwide, and the movement is growing in many parts of the world, especially the global South. Since the 1960s, Pentecostalism has increasingly gained acceptance from other Christian traditions, and Pentecostal beliefs concerning Spirit baptism and spiritual gifts have been embraced by non-Pentecostal Christians in Protestant and Catholic churches through the Charismatic Movement. Together, Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity numbers over 500 million adherents. While the movement originally attracted mostly lower classes in the global South, there is an increasing appeal to middle classes. Middle class congregations tend to be more adapted to society and withdraw strong spiritual practices such as divine healing.", "Q108216": "Karl-Heinz Gerstner (15 November 1912 \u2013 14 December 2005) trained as a lawyer and then worked during the war for the German diplomatic service in Paris. Following the war he was released from internment as a Soviet prisoner of war after producing a number of affidavits testifying to his helpfulness to members of the French Resistance during the course of his time at the German embassy in occupied Paris. He was then able to reinvent himself as an East German journalist.Controversy later emerged, and has persisted, as to the nature and extent of his parallel career as a Stasi informer.", "Q213856": "Jason Daniel Earles (born April 26, 1977) is an American actor, comedian, and martial artist, known for his role as Jackson Stewart in the Disney Channel sitcom Hannah Montana and his role as Rudy Gillespie in the Disney XD series Kickin' It.", "Q74643": "Killer Joe is a 2011 American Southern Gothic black comedy crime film directed by William Friedkin. The screenplay by Tracy Letts is based on his 1993 play of the same name. The film stars Matthew McConaughey in the title role, Emile Hirsch, Juno Temple, Gina Gershon and Thomas Haden Church. Friedkin and Letts had also collaborated on the 2006 film Bug.", "Q1362514": "Armik Dashchi, professionally known as Armik, is an Iranian-Armenian American New Flamenco guitarist, producer and composer. Several of Armik's albums have reached Billboard's Top New Age Albums chart. A child prodigy, born in Iran of Armenian descent, at seven years old he pawned his watch for a classical guitar, which he hid and practiced on in the basement. By the age of nine, Armik had completed formal music lessons as well as a rigid instructional regimen. At the age of 12, he was a professional recording artist. He launched his solo career in 1994.", "Q7025569": "Nicholas Farrar Hughes (January 17, 1962 \u2013 March 16, 2009) was an English-American fisheries biologist known as an expert in stream salmonid ecology. Hughes was the son of the American poet Sylvia Plath and English poet Ted Hughes and the younger brother of artist and poet Frieda Hughes. He and his sister were well known to the public through the media when he was a small child, especially after the well-publicized suicide of his mother. Hughes held dual British/American citizenship.", "Q179389": "Pope Anastasius IV (c.\u20091073 \u2013 3 December 1154), born Corrado Demetri della Suburra, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 July 1153 to his death. He is the last pope to take the name \"Anastasius\" upon his election.\n\n", "Q441393": "Ricardo Rodolfo Maduro Joest (born 20 April 1946 in Panama) is a former President of Honduras and chairman of the Central Bank of Honduras. Maduro graduated from The Lawrenceville School (where he was awarded the Lawrenceville Medal, Lawrenceville's highest award to alumni) and later Stanford University. He was President between 27 January 2002, and 27 January 2006, representing the National Party of Honduras (PNH). Ricardo Maduro is a member of the Levy-Maduro family whose roots go through Portugal, the Netherlands and the Netherlands Antilles.", "Q329512": "Christian Michael Schibsted (21 February 1812 \u2013 17 June 1878) was a Norwegian printer and publisher, known for establishing Schibsted Forlag and Aftenposten.", "Q326621": "Buffalo Bill, Hero of the Far West (Buffalo Bill, l'eroe del far west) is a 1964 Italian spaghetti western directed by Mario Costa.", "Q360674": "Breckin Erin Meyer (born May 7, 1974) is an American actor, voice actor, writer, producer and drummer known for his roles in films such as Clueless, Road Trip, Rat Race and Garfield: The Movie and for providing voices for the series of adult humor Robot Chicken.", "Q118763": "David Clennon (born May 10, 1943) is an American actor. He is known for his portrayal of Miles Drentell in the ABC series thirtysomething and Once and Again, as well as his role as Palmer in the John Carpenter film The Thing. He has been frequently cast in films directed by Hal Ashby, Costa-Gavras and Jordan Walker-Pearlman.", "Q451180": "Grace Melzia Bumbry (born January 4, 1937), an American opera singer, is considered one of the leading mezzo-sopranos of her generation, as well as a major soprano for many years. She was a member of a pioneering generation of African-American opera and classical singers (including Leontyne Price, Martina Arroyo, Shirley Verrett and Reri Grist) who followed Marian Anderson in the world of classical music and paved the way for future African-American opera and concert singers. Bumbry's voice was rich and sizable, possessing a wide range, and was capable of producing a very distinctive plangent tone.\nIn her prime, she also possessed good agility and bel canto technique (see for example her renditions of the 'Veil Song' from Verdi's Don Carlo in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as her Ernani from the Lyric Opera of Chicago in 1984). She was particularly noted for her fiery temperament and dramatic intensity on stage. More recently, she has also become known as a recitalist and interpreter of lieder, and as a teacher. From the late 1980s on, she concentrated her career in Europe, rather than in the US. A long-time resident of Switzerland, she now makes her home in Salzburg, Austria.\n\n", "Q471250": "Alberto Pedro Demicheli Lizaso (August 7, 1896 \u2013 October 12, 1980) was a Uruguayan political figure. Demicheli was a de facto President of Uruguay in 1976 as a non-democratically elected authority of the Civic-military dictatorship (1973\u20131985).", "Q235891": "Evelyn Renee O'Connor (born February 15, 1971) is an American actress, producer, and director, known for the role of Gabrielle on the television series Xena: Warrior Princess.\n\n", "Q89080": "Paul Fillunger (June 25, 1883 in Vienna \u2013 March 7, 1937 in Vienna) was an Austrian geotechnical engineer.\nRaised in a family of engineers, he studied at the Technische Hochschule in Vienna and took a position in the state-owned railway company in 1906. In 1908 he completed a PhD and then went to teach mathematics, machine industry and then mechanics at the University of Vienna.\nFillunger pioneered the study of saturated ground and was made famous by an article published in 1913.He discovered the difference in behaviors of the effective and general stresses in samples of ground, opening the way for further research. He is considered to be a pioneer of the theory of liquid-saturated porous solids.Fillunger's theories put him in heated conflict with Karl von Terzaghi, who is often referred to as \"father of soil mechanics\", whom Fillunger was accused of slandering. The University blamed Fillunger, who then committed suicide by opening the gas jets in the bathroom with his wife.\n\n", "Q376016": "Adriano Sofri (born 1 August 1942) is an Italian intellectual, a journalist and a writer. The former leader of the autonomist movement Lotta Continua (\"Continuous Struggle\") in the 1960s, he was arrested in 1988 and sentenced to 22 years of prison, having been found guilty of instigating the murder of police officer Luigi Calabresi. Sofri, and the others comrades convicted with him, have always proclaimed their innocence. The charges against them rested on the testimony of a pentito (\"collaborator of justice\"), Leonardo Marino. While in prison, Sofri wrote for various newspapers, such as Il Foglio, La Repubblica, and Panorama.", "Q42497": "Lower Austria (German: Nieder\u00f6sterreich [\u02c8ni\u02d0d\u0250\u02cc\u0294\u00f8\u02d0st\u0250\u0281a\u026a\u032f\u00e7] (listen); Czech: Doln\u00ed Rakousy; Slovak: Doln\u00e9 Rak\u00fasko) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Since 1986, the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt P\u00f6lten, replacing Vienna which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of 19,186 km2 (7,408 sq mi) and a population of 1.612 million people, Lower Austria is the second most populous federal state (after Vienna). Other large cities are Amstetten, Krems an der Donau and Wiener Neustadt.", "Q73892": "Michael Bernays (27 November 1834 \u2013 25 February 1897) was born in Hamburg. He studied first law and then literature at Bonn and Heidelberg.\nHe obtained a considerable reputation by his lectures on Shakespeare at Leipzig and an explanatory text to Beethoven's music to Egmont. Having refused in 1866 an invitation to take part in the editorship of the Preussische Jahrb\u00fccher, in the same year he published his celebrated Zur Kritik und Geschichte des Goetheschen Textes.He confirmed his reputation by his lectures at the university of Leipzig, and in 1873 accepted the post of extraordinary professor of German literature at Munich specially created for him by Ludwig II of Bavaria. In 1874 he became an ordinary professor, a position which he resigned only in 1889 when he settled at Carlsruhe. He died there on 25 February 1897.At an early age he became a Jewish Christian, whereas his brother Jakob remained a Rabbinical Jew. Among his other publications were: Briefe Goethes an F. A. Wolf (1868); Zur Entstehungsgeschichte des Schlegelschen Shakespeare (1872); and an introduction to Hirzel's collection entitled Der junge Goethe (1875). He also edited a revised edition of Voss's translation of the Odyssey. From his literary remains were published Schriften zur Kritik und Litteraturgeschichte (1895\u20131899).", "Q567340": "Alec Empire (born Alexander Wilke-Steinhof on 2 May 1972 in Charlottenburg, West Berlin) is a German experimental electronic musician who is best known as a founding member of the band Atari Teenage Riot, as well as a prolific and distinguished solo artist, producer and DJ. He has released many albums, EPs and singles, some under aliases, and remixed over seventy tracks for various artists including Bj\u00f6rk. He was also the driving force behind the creation of the digital hardcore genre, and founded the record labels Digital Hardcore Recordings and Eat Your Heart Out Records.", "Q76732": "Johann Adam Schall von Bell (1 May 1591 \u2013 15 August 1666) was a German Jesuit and astronomer. He spent most of his life as a missionary in China (where he is remembered as \"Tang Ruowang\") and became an adviser to the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing dynasty.", "Q954471": "Horacio \u00c1lvarez Mesa (30 November 1881 \u2013 July 1936) was a Spanish politician, lawyer and journalist.\nHe was born in Avil\u00e9s on 30 November 1881, the son of Florentino \u00c1lvarez Mesa and Carmen Menendez-Valdes Mu\u00f1iz. Between 1900 - 1901 he studied and Philosophy and Letters in the Central University of Madrid, He then studied law and qualified in 1904. He then practised as a lawyer, journalist and Asturian liberal politician. He was municipal secretary of Avil\u00e9s from 1 May to 14 July 1908.He was President of the arts school \"Sociedad fundadora y protectora de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios de Aviles\" from 1911 to 1914.In 1917 he became one of the voluntary contributors to the newspaper El Progreso de Asturias (The Progress of Asturias), founded on 6 January that year by the linguist and journalist Julian G. Orb\u00f3n. They later collaborated with the newspaper El Adenlatado founded in 1932.\nHe was assassinated at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936.", "Q37008": "Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (Georgian: \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 Ivane Javaxishvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmts'ipo universit'et'i, often shortened to its historical name, Tbilisi State University or TSU) is a public research university established on 8 February 1918 in Tbilisi, Georgia. Excluding academies and theological seminaries, which have intermittently functioned in Georgia for centuries, TSU is the oldest university in Georgia and the Caucasus region. Over 18,000 students are enrolled and the total number of faculty and staff (collaborators) is 5,000. According to the U.S. News & World Report university rankings, TSU is ranked 359th in the world, tied with the University of Warsaw.The university has five branches in the regions of Georgia, six faculties, 60 scientific-research laboratories and centers, a scientific library (with 3,700,000 books and periodicals), seven museums, publishing house and printing press (newspaper Tbilisis Universiteti).The main founder of the university was a Georgian historian and academician, Ivane Javakhishvili. Among the co-founders were also several scientists, including Giorgi Akhvlediani, Shalva Nutsubidze, Dimitri Uznadze, Grigol Tsereteli, Akaki Shanidze, Andrea Razmadze, Korneli Kekelidze, Ioseb Kipshidze, Petre Melikishvili and Ekvtime Takaishvili. Professor Petre Melikishvili, a Georgian chemist, became the first rector of TSU.\nThe Rector of TSU since September 2016 has been Giorgi Sharvashidze. TSU has six faculties: Law, Economics and Business, Humanities, Medicine, Social and Political Sciences, Exact and Natural Sciences, and the International School of Economics at Tbilisi State University as an autonomous graduate school of economics.\n\n", "Q69612": "Sevelen is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Werdenberg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q435412": "Jurgita Jurkut\u0117 (born April 23, 1985, in Plung\u0117, Lithuania) is an actress and former winner of the Miss Lithuania 2007 beauty contest.", "Q59909": "Hermann Grab (6 May 1903 \u2013 2 August 1949) was a Bohemian German-language writer.", "Q5760365": "The Cementerio de San Justo, also known as Sacramental de San Justo located in Madrid, Spain, is a cemetery near the Cementerio de San Isidro, which was originally called San Pedro and San Andr\u00e9s. It is located between the Paseo de la Ermita del Santo and the V\u00eda Carpetana, in the Carabanchel district. Its entrance is at number 70 of the aforementioned promenade of the Ermita del Santo.", "Q506972": "Andrew Ross Sorkin (born February 19, 1977) is an American journalist and author. He is a financial columnist for The New York Times and a co-anchor of CNBC's Squawk Box. He is also the founder and editor of DealBook, a financial news service published by The New York Times. He wrote the bestselling book Too Big to Fail and co-produced a movie adaptation of the book for HBO Films. He is also the co-creator for the Showtime series Billions.", "Q60150": "Karl Joseph Wirth, known as Joseph Wirth, (6 September 1879 \u2013 3 January 1956) was a German politician of the Catholic Centre Party who served for one year and six months as Chancellor of Germany from 1921 to 1922, as Finance Minister from 1920 to 1921, as acting Foreign Minister of Germany from 1921 to 1922 and again in 1922, as Minister for the Occupied Territories from 1929 to 1930 and as Reich Minister of the Interior from 1930 to 1931. During the postwar era, he participated in the Soviet and East German Communist-controlled neutralist Alliance of Germans party from 1952 until his death in 1956.", "Q236340": "Koharu Kusumi (\u4e45\u4f4f \u5c0f\u6625, Kusumi Koharu, born July 15, 1992 in Niigata Prefecture) is a Japanese model, actress, television personality, singer, and former voice actress. In 2005, she became the only seventh generation member of the Japanese idol girl group Morning Musume, a part of Hello! Project.\nWhile Kusumi was in Morning Musume, she provided the voice for Kirari Tsukishima, the main character of the anime series Kirarin Revolution, and portrayed her in real life on Oha Suta. In addition, she was featured in several musical releases affiliated with the series, including both solo releases under the name Kirari Tsukishima starring Koharu Kusumi (Morning Musume) (\u6708\u5cf6\u304d\u3089\u308astarring\u4e45\u4f4f\u5c0f\u6625(\u30e2\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u5a18\u3002)) and group releases for the units Kira Pika and Milky Way.\nAfter leaving Morning Musume in 2009, Kusumi pursued modeling, discussing her career changes in her 2011 autobiography, 17-sai no Tenshoku. After making her runway debut in 2011, she modeled exclusively for magazines CanCam and Steady, while also making regular appearances on variety shows. At the same time, Kusumi continued to perform at music events and took part in Dream Morning Musume. Kusumi also ventured into acting, appearing in shows such as Woman Prisoner 7 and Doctor-X: Surgeon Michiko Daimon.", "Q134262": "Thomas Lanier Williams III (March 26, 1911 \u2013 February 25, 1983), known by his pen name Tennessee Williams, was an American playwright. Along with contemporaries Eugene O'Neill and Arthur Miller, he is considered among the three foremost playwrights of 20th-century American drama.Raised in St. Louis, Missouri, after years of obscurity, at age 33 he became suddenly famous with the success of The Glass Menagerie (1944) in New York City. This play closely reflected his own unhappy family background. It was the first of a string of successes, including A Streetcar Named Desire (1947), Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955), Sweet Bird of Youth (1959), and The Night of the Iguana (1961). With his later work, he attempted a new style that did not appeal to audiences. His drama A Streetcar Named Desire is often numbered on short lists of the finest American plays of the 20th century alongside Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey into Night and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman.Much of Williams' most acclaimed work has been adapted for the cinema. He also wrote short stories, poetry, essays and a volume of memoirs. In 1979, four years before his death, Williams was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.", "Q1580047": "Hans Hartz (22 October 1943 in Lunden - 30 November 2002 in Frankfurt am Main) was a German singer and Liedermacher.", "Q187916": "Horse racing is an equestrian performance sport, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys (or sometimes driven without riders) over a set distance, for competition. It is one of the most ancient of all sports, as its basic premise \u2013 to identify which of two or more horses is the fastest over a set course or distance \u2013 has been unchanged since at least classical antiquity.Horse races vary widely in format and many countries have developed their own particular traditions around the sport. Variations include restricting races to particular breeds, running over obstacles (Cross-country), running over different distances (typically a mile, mile and a quarter, mile and an 8th, mile and a 16th), running on different track surfaces and running in different gaits.\nWhile horses are sometimes raced purely for sport, a major part of horse racing's interest and economic importance is in the gambling associated with it, an activity that in 2008 generated a worldwide market worth around US$115 billion.. Many people use a handicapper which is one who assigns weights for a handicap race and makes selections based on past performances.\n\n", "Q200619": "\u00der\u00e1inn Bertelsson (born 30 November 1944) is an Icelandic film director, writer, politician, journalist and newspaper editor. He moved into politics in the wake of the financial crisis in 2008, and was elected a member of the Althing in 2009, initially for the Citizens' Movement. He later left the party to become an independent MP, before joining the Left-Green Movement, which he currently represents.", "Q217365": "Nokia Bell Labs (formerly named Bell Labs Innovations (1996\u20132007), AT&T Bell Laboratories (1984\u20131996) and Bell Telephone Laboratories (1925\u20131984)) is an industrial research and scientific development company owned by Finnish company Nokia. With headquarters located in Murray Hill, New Jersey, the company operates several laboratories in the United States and around the world. Bell Labs has its origins in the complex past of the Bell System.\nIn the late 19th century, the laboratory began as the Western Electric Engineering Department and was located at 463 West Street in New York City. In 1925, after years of conducting research and development under Western Electric, the Engineering Department was reformed into Bell Telephone Laboratories and under the shared ownership of American Telephone & Telegraph Company and Western Electric.\nResearchers working at Bell Labs are credited with the development of radio astronomy, the transistor, the laser, the photovoltaic cell, the charge-coupled device (CCD), information theory, the Unix operating system, and the programming languages C, C++, and S. Nine Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work completed at Bell Laboratories.", "Q313671": "Colm J. Meaney (; Irish: Colm \u00d3 Maonaigh; born 30 May 1953) is an Irish actor known for playing Miles O'Brien in Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987\u20131994) and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1993\u20131999). He has guest-starred on many TV shows including Law & Order and The Simpsons, and starred as Thomas Durant on Hell on Wheels.\nHe has also had a significant career in motion pictures, and appeared in the film Layer Cake, The Damned United, all three film adaptations of Roddy Doyle's The Barrytown Trilogy, and in Get Him to the Greek, as well as Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa. In 2017, Meaney won the Best Actor IFTA for his portrayal of Irish politician Martin McGuinness in the film The Journey.", "Q144785": "Jodelle Micah Ferland (born October 9, 1994) is a Canadian actress. She made her debut at the age of 4, with the television movie Mermaid (2000) for which she received a Daytime Emmy Nomination, making her the youngest to be nominated. She has since appeared in several films, which include Tideland (2005), Silent Hill (2006), Good Luck Chuck (2007), Case 39 (2009), The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010), and The Tall Man (2012). Aside from her film roles, she has starred as Mary Jensen in the television series Kingdom Hospital (2004), and as Five in the television series Dark Matter (2015\u20132017).", "Q490737": "Bloomington is the fifth largest city, as of 2018 estimates, in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is located in Hennepin County on the north bank of the Minnesota River, above its confluence with the Mississippi River. Bloomington lies 10 miles (16 km) south of downtown Minneapolis. As of the 2010 census the city's population was 82,893, and in 2018 the estimated population was 85,578.Established as a post\u2013World War II housing boom suburb connected to the urban street grid of Minneapolis and serviced by two major freeways, Interstate 35W and Interstate 494, Bloomington's residential areas include upper-tier households in the western Bush Lake area and traditional middle-class families in its rows of single-family homes in the central to eastern portions. Large-scale commercial development is concentrated along the Interstate 494 corridor.\nBesides an extensive city park system, with over 1,000 square feet (93 m2) of parkland per capita, Bloomington is also home to Hyland Lake Park Reserve in the west and Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge in the southeast.\nBloomington has more jobs per capita than either Minneapolis or Saint Paul, due in part to the United States' largest enclosed shopping center, Mall of America. The headquarters of Ceridian, Donaldson Company, HealthPartners, and Toro, and major operations of Pearson, General Dynamics, Seagate Technologies, Express Scripts and Wells Fargo Bank are also based in the city.\nThe city was named after Bloomington, Illinois.", "Q4353842": "Thomas Chris Leppert (born June 15, 1954) is an American businessman and politician who is the former Chief Executive Officer of Kaplan, Inc., a subsidiary of Graham Holdings Company and one of the world's largest education providers. He had oversight of the company's operating divisions: Kaplan Test Prep and Kaplan Higher Education in the United States, and Kaplan International based in London, UK and with operations across Europe, Asia, and Australia until his resignation was announced in July 2015. Leppert served as the 59th mayor of Dallas, Texas from 2007 to 2011, and previously worked as CEO of the Turner Corporation. Leppert announced in February 2011 that he would run for the 2012 United States Senate election in Texas. His Senate campaign ended with a third-place finish in the May 29, 2012 Republican primary election.", "Q45313": "Her\u0101t (; Persian/Pashto: \u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a) is the third-largest city of Afghanistan. It has a population of about 436,300, and serves as the capital of Herat Province, situated in the fertile valley of the Hari River in the western part of the country. It is linked with Kandahar, Kabul, and Mazar-i-Sharif via Highway 1 or the ring road. It is further linked to the city of Mashhad in neighboring Iran through the border town of Islam Qala, and to Mary in Turkmenistan to the north through the border town of Torghundi.\nHerat dates back to Avestan times and was traditionally known for its wine. The city has a number of historic sites, including the Herat Citadel and the Musalla Complex. During the Middle Ages Herat became one of the important cities of Khorasan, as it was known as the Pearl of Khorasan. After the conquest of Tamerlane, the city became an important center of intellectual and artistic life in the Islamic world and a hub of the Timurid Renaissance. After the fall of the Timurid Empire, Herat has been governed by various Afghan rulers since the early 18th century. In 1717, the city was invaded by the Hotaki forces until they were expelled by the Afsharids in 1729. After Nader Shah's death and Ahmad Shah Durrani's rise to power in 1747, Herat became part of Afghanistan. It witnessed some political disturbances and military invasions during the early half of the 19th century but the 1857 Treaty of Paris ended hostilities of the Anglo-Persian War.Herat lies on the ancient trade routes of the Middle East, Central and South Asia, and today is a regional hub in western Afghanistan. The roads from Herat to Iran, Turkmenistan, and other parts of Afghanistan are still strategically important. As the gateway to Iran, it collects high amount of customs revenue for Afghanistan. It also has an international airport. The city has high residential density clustered around the core of the city. However, vacant plots account for a higher percentage of the city (21%) than residential land use (18%) and agricultural is the largest percentage of total land use (36%). Today the city is considered to be relatively safe.\n\n", "Q119496": "Jean Fran\u00e7ois Mayor de Montricher (otherwise Frantz Mayor de Montricher) (19 April 1810 \u2013 28 May 1858) was a Swiss engineer. He designed the Roquefavour Aqueduct, near Aix-en-Provence in France, and drained the Fucine Lake in Central Italy.", "Q458629": "Billy Elliot is a 2000 dance drama film directed by Stephen Daldry and written by Lee Hall. Set in County Durham, England during the 1984\u201385 miners' strike, the film is about a working-class boy who discovers his passion for ballet, despite his father's objection and the negative stereotype associated of being a male ballet dancer. The film stars Jamie Bell as 11-year-old Billy, Gary Lewis as his father, Jamie Draven as Billy's older brother, and Julie Walters as his ballet teacher.\nAdapted from a play called Dancer by Lee Hall, development on the film began in 1999. Around 2,000 boys were considered for the role of Billy before Bell was eventually chosen for the role. Filming began in the North of England in August 1999. Greg Brenman and Jon Finn served as producers, while Stephen Warbeck composed the film's score. Billy Elliot is a co-production between BBC Films, Tiger Aspect Pictures and Working Title Films.\nThe film premiered at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival, and then began a wider theatrical release on 29 September 2000 by Universal Pictures. Billy Elliot received positive critical response and commercial success, earning $109.3 million worldwide on a $5 million budget. At the 2001 British Academy Film Awards, the film won three of thirteen award nominations. The film also earned three Academy Award nominations, including for Best Director, Best Original Screenplay and Best Actress in a Supporting Role. In 2001, the film was adapted into a novel by Melvin Burgess. The story was also adapted for the West End stage as Billy Elliot the Musical in 2005; it opened in Australia in 2007 and on Broadway in 2008.", "Q765510": "Yrj\u00f6 Kaarlo Leino (28 January 1897, Helsinki, Finland \u2013 28 June 1961, Helsinki) was a Finnish communist politician. Imprisoned twice for his communist activities, and spending much of the Second World War as an underground communist activist, he served as a minister in three cabinets between 1944 and 1948.", "Q1584221": "Arild Nyquist (6 March 1937 \u2013 21 December 2004) was a Norwegian novelist, poet, writer of children's books and musician.", "Q8446": "Kurt Donald Cobain (February 20, 1967 \u2013 April 5, 1994) was an American singer, songwriter, and musician, best known as the guitarist and frontman of the rock band Nirvana. Regarded as a Generation X icon, he is considered to be one of the most iconic and influential rock musicians in the history of alternative music.Born in Aberdeen, Washington, Cobain formed the band Nirvana with Krist Novoselic and Aaron Burckhard in 1987 and established it as part of the Seattle music scene which later became known as grunge. After signing with major label DGC Records, Nirvana found global success with \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" from their critically acclaimed second album Nevermind (1991). Following the success of Nevermind, Nirvana was labelled \"the flagship band\" of Generation X, and Cobain was hailed as \"the spokesman of a generation\"; however, Cobain resented this, believing his message and artistic vision had been misinterpreted by the public, with his personal problems often subject to media attention.During the last years of his life, Cobain struggled with heroin addiction and chronic health problems such as depression. He also struggled with the personal and professional pressures of fame, and his marriage to musician Courtney Love. On April 8, 1994, Cobain was found dead at his home in Seattle at the age of 27; police concluded he had died on April 5 from a self-inflicted shotgun wound to his head.Cobain was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, along with Nirvana bandmates Krist Novoselic and Dave Grohl, in their first year of eligibility in 2014. In 2003, David Fricke of Rolling Stone ranked him the 12th greatest guitarist of all time. He was ranked 7th by MTV in the \"22 Greatest Voices in Music\". In 2006, he was placed 20th by Hit Parader on their list of the \"100 Greatest Metal Singers of All Time\".", "Q97255": "Janin Ullmann (born 14 November 1981 as Janin Reinhardt) is a German television presenter and actress.\n\n", "Q725134": "Ronald Frederick Geesin (born 17 December 1943, in Stevenston, Ayrshire, Scotland) is a musician and composer, noted for his very unusual creations and novel applications of sound. Ron Geesin started his career from 1961 to 1965 as pianist with The Original Downtown Syncopators (ODS), a revivalist jazz band emulating the American Original Dixieland Jazz Band. The band was based in Crawley, Sussex, UK. Geesin is well known for his collaborations with Pink Floyd and Roger Waters. After the band found themselves hopelessly deadlocked over how to complete the title track from Atom Heart Mother in 1970, he worked with Pink Floyd as an orchestrator and organizer, and he also wrote the brass introduction. Geesin also collaborated with the band's Roger Waters (the two men shared a love of golf) on the unconventional film soundtrack Music from \"The Body\" (1970), sampling sounds made by the human body.", "Q138458": "Hackensack is a city in Bergen County in New Jersey, United States, and serves as its county seat. The area was officially named New Barbadoes Township until 1921, but it was informally known as Hackensack since at least the 18th century. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 43,010, reflecting an increase of 333 (+0.8%) from the 42,677 counted in the 2000 Census, which had, in turn, increased by 5,628 (+15.2%) from the 37,049 counted in the 1990 Census.An inner suburb of New York City, Hackensack is located approximately 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Midtown Manhattan and about 7 miles (11 km) from the George Washington Bridge. From a number of locations, the New York City skyline can be seen.The Metropolitan Campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University straddles the Hackensack River in both Hackensack and Teaneck. Hackensack is also the home of the New Jersey Naval Museum and the World War II submarine USS Ling. Astronaut Wally Schirra is perhaps Hackensack's most famous native son.\nThe city has diverse neighborhoods and land uses located close to one another. Within its borders are the prominent Hackensack University Medical Center, a trendy high-rise district about a mile long, classic suburban neighborhoods of single-family houses, stately older homes on acre-plus lots, older two-family neighborhoods, large garden apartment complexes, industrial areas, the Bergen County Jail, a tidal river, Hackensack River County Park, Borg's Woods Nature Preserve, various city parks, large office buildings, a major college campus, the Bergen County Court House, a vibrant small-city downtown district, and various small neighborhood business districts.", "Q316709": "Stephen John Coogan (; born 14 October 1965) is an English actor, voice artist, comedian, screenwriter, and producer. He began his career in the 1980s as a voice actor on the satirical puppet show Spitting Image and providing voice-overs for television advertisements. In the 1990s, he began creating original characters. In 1999, he co-founded the production company Baby Cow Productions with Henry Normal.\nWhile working with Armando Iannucci on On the Hour and The Day Today, Coogan developed the character of Alan Partridge, a socially inept and politically incorrect media personality. Partridge has featured in several television series and the 2013 film Alan Partridge: Alpha Papa. Coogan grew in prominence within the film industry in 2002, after starring in The Parole Officer and 24 Hour Party People. He portrayed Phileas Fogg in the 2004 film Around the World in 80 Days and co-starred with Rob Brydon in The Trip, The Trip to Italy, The Trip to Spain, and A Cock and Bull Story.\nCoogan has also played dramatic roles, including What Maisie Knew (2012), and portrayed Paul Raymond in the biopic The Look of Love (2013) and Stan Laurel in Stan & Ollie (2018). In 2013, he co-wrote, produced, and starred in the film Philomena, which earned him nominations at the Golden Globes and BAFTAs, and the Academy Awards for Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Picture.", "Q87720": "Wilhelm Simon (April 23, 1900 \u2013 September 27, 1971) was a German SS-Hauptscharf\u00fchrer. During World War II he held administrative posts at the Nazi concentration camps of Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora and was convicted of war crimes by the United States in 1947.", "Q668020": "Gy\u00f6rgy Pauk (born 26 October 1936) is a Hungarian violinist, chamber musician and music pedagogue.\n\n", "Q98600": "Johanna Terwin (1884\u20131962) was a German stage and film actress. In the theatre she appeared in works by the impresario Max Reinhardt. She appeared in around twenty films during the silent and sound eras.\nShe was married to the Albanian-born actor Alessandro Moissi.\n\n", "Q7013": "Lena Johanna Therese Meyer-Landrut (German: [\u02c8le\u02d0na]; born 23 May 1991), also known by the mononym Lena, is a German singer-songwriter. She rose to fame after representing Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Oslo, winning the contest with her song \"Satellite\". Both \"Satellite\" and her debut album My Cassette Player (2010) debuted at number one in Germany and became platinum sellers. With her three entries from the German national final Unser Star f\u00fcr Oslo, Meyer-Landrut set an all-time chart record in her home country by debuting with three songs in the top five of the German Singles Chart. She represented Germany for the second consecutive time in the Eurovision Song Contest at D\u00fcsseldorf in 2011 with the song \"Taken by a Stranger\", placing tenth.\nMeyer-Landrut followed this with a series of successful albums, including Good News (2011), Stardust (2012), Crystal Sky (2015) and Only Love, L (2019), all of which entered the top two of the German Albums Chart. Several singles from these album became top ten hits on the pop charts throughout German-speaking Europe, including \"Stardust\" and \"Wild & Free.\" One of the best-selling female German artists to emerge in the late 2000s, Meyer-Landrut has won several high-profile prizes as a recording artist such as the 1LIVE Krone, a Comet, the Radio Regenbogen Award, three Echo Music Awards, and five MTV Europe Music Awards.\nBeyond her music career, Meyer-Landrut has been featured as a coach on five seasons of the reality competition television series The Voice Kids as well as an expert panel member for the ESC on several occasions. In 2017, she joined the cast of the fourth season of Sing meinen Song - Das Tauschkonzert, the German version of the series The Best Singers whose accompanying compilation album topped the Austrian and German Albums Chart. In addition, Meyer-Landrut has also voiced characters in audiobooks and animated films, including A Turtle's Tale (2010), Tarzan (2013), Trolls (2016) and Wonder Park (2019), and has been a brand ambassador for L'Or\u00e9al hair coloring and skin care products.", "Q4055253": "Mikhail Anatolyevich Abyzov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0431\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432) is a Russian manager in the energy and engineering industry, and Chairman of the board of directors of Russia's biggest engineering company E4 Group. \n\n", "Q459251": "William Braunstein (born July 14, 1972), better known as Ill Bill, is an American rapper and record producer from Brooklyn, New York. Having gained notoriety in the underground hip hop group Non Phixion, Ill Bill is known for his diverse lyrics and as the producer, founder and CEO of Uncle Howie Records. His brother Ron is also a rapper and producer, known as Necro.", "Q185867": "Film noir (; French: [film nwa\u0281]) is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize cynical attitudes and sexual motivations. The 1940s and 1950s are generally regarded as the \"classic period\" of American film noir. Film noir of this era is associated with a low-key, black-and-white visual style that has roots in German Expressionist cinematography. Many of the prototypical stories and much of the attitude of classic noir derive from the hardboiled school of crime fiction that emerged in the United States during the Great Depression.\nThe term film noir, French for 'black film' (literal) or 'dark film' (closer meaning), was first applied to Hollywood films by French critic Nino Frank in 1946, but was unrecognized by most American film industry professionals of that era. Cinema historians and critics defined the category retrospectively. Before the notion was widely adopted in the 1970s, many of the classic film noir were referred to as \"melodramas\". Whether film noir qualifies as a distinct genre is a matter of ongoing debate among scholars.\nFilm noir encompasses a range of plots: the central figure may be a private investigator (The Big Sleep), a plainclothes policeman (The Big Heat), an aging boxer (The Set-Up), a hapless grifter (Night and the City), a law-abiding citizen lured into a life of crime (Gun Crazy), or simply a victim of circumstance (D.O.A.). Although film noir was originally associated with American productions, the term has been used to describe films from around the world. Many films released from the 1960s onward share attributes with film noirs of the classical period, and often treat its conventions self-referentially. Some refer to such latter-day works as neo-noir. The clich\u00e9s of film noir have inspired parody since the mid-1940s.", "Q1462": "Sardinia ( sar-DIN-ee-\u0259; Italian: Sardegna [sar\u02c8de\u0272\u0272a]; Sardinian: Sardigna [sa\u027e\u02c8di\u0272\u0272a] or Sard\u00ecnnia [sa\u027e\u02c8dinja]; Sassarese: Sardhigna; Gallurese: Saldigna; Algherese: Sardenya; Tabarchino: Sardegna) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and politically one of the 20 regions of Italy. It is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea after Sicily, and is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia, and to the immediate south of the French island of Corsica.\nThe region of Sardinia is one of the five in Italy that enjoy some degree of domestic autonomy, granted by a specific Statute. Its official name is Regione Autonoma della Sardegna (Sardinian: Regione Aut\u00f2noma de Sardigna, lit. \"Autonomous Region of Sardinia\"). It is divided into four provinces and a metropolitan city, with Cagliari being the region's capital and also its largest city. Sardinia's indigenous language and the other minority languages (Sassarese, Gallurese, Algherese Catalan and Ligurian Tabarchino) spoken on the island are recognized by the regional law and enjoy \"equal dignity\" with Italian.Sardinia has been inhabited since the Paleolithic. The island's most iconic civilization is the indigenous Nuragic one, which lasted from the 18th century BC to either 238 BC or the 2nd century AD in some areas and to the 6th century AD in the region known as Barbagia. After a period under a political and economic alliance between the Nuragic Sardinians and the Phoenicians, the island was partly conquered by Carthage and Rome, in the late 6th century BC and in 238 BC respectively; the Roman occupation lasted for 700 years, followed in the Early Middle Ages by the Vandals and the Byzantines. Since the island was finding itself disconnected from Byzantium's scope of territorial influence, the Sardinians provided themselves with a self-ruling political organization, leading to the birth of the four Judicates. As the Italian maritime republics of Pisa and Genoa struggled to exercise increasing political interference upon the indigenous states, the Crown of Aragon subsumed the island as the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1324. Such Iberian Kingdom was to last until 1718, when it was ceded to the House of Savoy and later politically merged with the Savoyard domains based on the Italian Mainland. During the Italian unification, the Savoyards pursued a policy of expansion to the rest of the Italian peninsula, having their Kingdom be later renamed into Kingdom of Italy in 1861, which became the present-day Italian Republic in 1946.\nDue to the variety of the island's ecosystems, which include mountains, woods, plains, largely uninhabited territories, streams, rocky coasts and long sandy beaches, Sardinia has been metaphorically defined as a micro-continent. In the modern era, many travelers and writers have extolled the beauty of its untouched landscape, which houses the vestiges of the Nuragic civilization.", "Q346658": "Arturo Frondizi Ercoli (October 28, 1908 \u2013 April 18, 1995) was an Argentine politician and lawyer who was President of Argentina from 1 May 1958 until 29 March 1962, for the Intransigent Radical Civic Union, which he led until 1986.\nUnder his program of \"Developmentalism\", he encouraged increased foreign investment in heavy industry, including motor vehicle production; made the country self-sufficient in oil production, and increased public spending for loans to encourage business, and to develop infrastructure for electrical power.\nHe was a law professor who became active in left-wing politics as a young man, joining the Radical Civic Union (UCR). He was first elected to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies in 1946. In the 1950s he founded the Intransigent Radical Civic Union. He was elected following the military coup d'etat that overthrew Juan Per\u00f3n, and was deposed in turn by a coup in 1962.", "Q213665": "K-pop (abbreviation of Korean pop; Korean: \ucf00\uc774\ud31d) is a genre of popular music originating in South Korea. While the modern form of K-pop can be traced back to the early 90s, the term itself has been popularized since the 2000s, replacing the term Gayo (\uac00\uc694), which also refers to domestic pop music in South Korea. Although it generally indicates \"popular music\" within South Korea, the term is often used in a narrower sense to describe a modern form of South Korean pop that is influenced by styles and genres from around the world, such as experimental, rock, jazz, gospel, hip hop, R&B, reggae, electronic dance, folk, country, and classical on top of its traditional Korean music roots. The more modern form of the genre emerged with the formation of one of the earliest K-pop groups, Seo Taiji and Boys, in 1992. Their experimentation with different styles and genres of music and integration of foreign musical elements helped reshape and modernize South Korea's contemporary music scene.Modern K-pop \"idol\" culture began with the boy band H.O.T. in 1996, as K-pop grew into a subculture that amassed enormous fandoms of teenagers and young adults. After a slump in early K-pop, from 2003 TVXQ and BoA started a new generation of K-pop idols that broke the music genre into the neighboring Japanese market and continue to popularize K-pop internationally today. With the advent of online social networking services and Korean TV shows, the current spread of K-pop and Korean entertainment, known as the Korean Wave, is seen not only in East Asia and Southeast Asia, but also in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Latin America, North Africa, Southern Africa, the Middle East and throughout the Western world, gaining a widespread global audience.", "Q168509": "Aaron Jean-Marie Lustiger (French pronunciation: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 ma\u0281i lysti\u0292e] (listen); 17 September 1926 \u2013 5 August 2007) was a French cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church with Jewish Heritage. He was Archbishop of Paris from 1981 until his resignation in 2005. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1983 by Pope John Paul II. His life is depicted in the 2013 film Le m\u00e9tis de Dieu (The Jewish Cardinal).", "Q32825": "Blue are an English boy band consisting of members Antony Costa, Duncan James, Lee Ryan and Simon Webbe. The group originally formed in 2000 and has released three studio albums, All Rise (2001), One Love (2002) and Guilty (2003) that all peaked at number one in the United Kingdom alongside releasing 16 singles, over a four-year period. The group also worked alongside artists such as Stevie Wonder, Elton John and Lil' Kim. In late 2004, the group announced a hiatus and released their first compilation album, Best of Blue, on 15 November 2004.\nThe group reunited once again in January 2011 and represented the United Kingdom at the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest in D\u00fcsseldorf with the song \"I Can\", coming in 11th place with 100 points. Blue released their fourth studio album, Roulette on 25 January 2013 with \"Hurt Lovers\" as the lead single. The following month, it was confirmed that the group would be joining The Big Reunion, in which six groups from the past (including Liberty X, Atomic Kitten and 5ive) reform for a one-off gig. From May 2013, the group toured the UK and Ireland with the other groups in The Big Reunion concert series. On 27 March 2013, the group announced they would embark on their first headlining tour later on in the year, their first tour in nearly ten years. Blue have sold 15 million records worldwide.According to the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), Blue has been certified for 3.6 million albums and 1.4 million singles in the UK.In April 2015, Blue were dropped by their record label Sony due to the comparatively poor sales of their fifth album Colours, which sold just 4,000 copies in its first week.", "Q17455": "John von Neumann (; Hungarian: Neumann J\u00e1nos Lajos, pronounced [\u02c8n\u0252jm\u0252n \u02c8ja\u02d0no\u0283 \u02c8l\u0252jo\u0283]; December 28, 1903 \u2013 February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, engineer and polymath. Von Neumann was generally regarded as the foremost mathematician of his time and said to be \"the last representative of the great mathematicians\"; who integrated both pure and applied sciences.\nHe made major contributions to a number of fields, including mathematics (foundations of mathematics, functional analysis, ergodic theory, representation theory, operator algebras, geometry, topology, and numerical analysis), physics (quantum mechanics, hydrodynamics, and quantum statistical mechanics), economics (game theory), computing (Von Neumann architecture, linear programming, self-replicating machines, stochastic computing), and statistics.\nHe was a pioneer of the application of operator theory to quantum mechanics in the development of functional analysis, and a key figure in the development of game theory and the concepts of cellular automata, the universal constructor and the digital computer.\nHe published over 150 papers in his life: about 60 in pure mathematics, 60 in applied mathematics, 20 in physics, and the remainder on special mathematical subjects or non-mathematical ones. His last work, an unfinished manuscript written while he was in hospital, was later published in book form as The Computer and the Brain.\nHis analysis of the structure of self-replication preceded the discovery of the structure of DNA. In a short list of facts about his life he submitted to the National Academy of Sciences, he stated, \"The part of my work I consider most essential is that on quantum mechanics, which developed in G\u00f6ttingen in 1926, and subsequently in Berlin in 1927\u20131929. Also, my work on various forms of operator theory, Berlin 1930 and Princeton 1935\u20131939; on the ergodic theorem, Princeton, 1931\u20131932.\"\nDuring World War II, von Neumann worked on the Manhattan Project with theoretical physicist Edward Teller, mathematician Stanis\u0142aw Ulam and others, problem solving key steps in the nuclear physics involved in thermonuclear reactions and the hydrogen bomb. He developed the mathematical models behind the explosive lenses used in the implosion-type nuclear weapon, and coined the term \"kiloton\" (of TNT), as a measure of the explosive force generated.\nAfter the war, he served on the General Advisory Committee of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, and consulted for a number of organizations, including the United States Air Force, the Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory, the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. As a Hungarian \u00e9migr\u00e9, concerned that the Soviets would achieve nuclear superiority, he designed and promoted the policy of mutually assured destruction to limit the arms race.\n\n", "Q847394": "Sakanaction (\u30b5\u30ab\u30ca\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3, Sakanakushon), stylised as sakanaction, are a Japanese rock band from Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Their music is a fusion of alternative rock, electronic, pop, and new wave styles, and is thus difficult to classify under one category. The band consists of five members: Ichiro Yamaguchi, Motoharu Iwadera, Ami Kusakari, Emi Okazaki, and Keiichi Ejima.\nThe name Sakanaction is a portmanteau of \"sakana\" (\"fish\") and \"action\". In the band's own words, their name reflects a wish to act quickly and lightly, like fish in the water, without fearing changes in the music scene. They are enjoying increasing popularity, having hit mainstream success with their records consistently achieving positions within the Top 10 on Japan's Oricon charts.", "Q727045": "Michael Joyce (born 1945) is a professor of English at Vassar College, New York, US. He is also an important author and critic of electronic literature.\nJoyce's afternoon, a story, 1987, was among the first literary works of hypertext fiction to present itself as undeniably serious literature, and experimented with the short-story form in novel ways. It was created with the then-new Storyspace software, deployed the ambiguity and dubious narrator characteristic of high modernism, along with some suspense and romance elements, in a story whose meaning could change dramatically depending on the path taken through its lexias on each reading. For instance, a hard-to-find series of lexias presented a new set of facts about the narrator's actions which affects the reader's judgment of the narrator. In The New York Times, Robert Coover called afternoon \"the granddaddy of hypertext fictions\", while The Toronto Globe and Mail said that it \"is to the hypertext interactive novel what the Gutenberg bible is to publishing.\" His Twilight, A Symphony (1996) was his second hypertext novel.\nJoyce's published books include War outside Ireland: a novel (1982), Of two minds: hypertext pedagogy and poetics (1995), Othermindedness: the emergence of network culture (2000), Moral tales and meditations: technological parables and refractions (2001) and Foucault, in Winter, in the Linnaeus Garden (2015). He is a graduate of the Iowa Writers Workshop. He has been a Professor of English and Media Studies at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie.\nJoyce has collaborated with Los Angeles-based visual artist Alexandra Grant. The work Grant has made based on his texts (\"The Ladder Quartet\" and the \"Six Portals\") has been exhibited at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles and Honor Fraser Gallery in Los Angeles.", "Q241645": "Bauru (Portuguese pronunciation: [b\u0250\u028a\u032f\u02c8\u027eu]) is a Brazilian municipality in midwestern region of the state of S\u00e3o Paulo. It is the main city of the mesoregion and microregion of Bauru. The population is 366,992 (2015 est.) in an area of 667.68 km\u00b2. Established in 1896, its boundaries are Regin\u00f3polis to the north, Arealva to the northeast, Pederneiras to the east, Agudos and Piratininga to the south and Ava\u00ed to the west.\nThe presence of a strong service sector, many college campuses - including the University of S\u00e3o Paulo and Universidade Estadual Paulista - and the city's location at the junction of three railroads and three highways make Bauru a major urban center of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo.\nIt is the hometown of Marcos C\u00e9sar Pontes, the first Brazilian in space. It is also the town where Pel\u00e9 grew up and learned his football skills.\nThe city is served by two airports: the older Bauru Airport, and the newer Bauru-Arealva Airport, officially known as Moussa Nakhl Tobias Airport, located in the adjoining municipality of Arealva.", "Q60805": "Rinat Leonidovych Akhmetov (Ukrainian: \u0420\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0442 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432 [r\u207d\u02b2\u207ei\u02c8n\u0251t leo\u02c8n\u207d\u02b2\u207eidow\u026at\u0283 \u0250x\u02c8m\u025btou\u032f]; Russian: \u0420\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0442 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432 [r\u02b2\u026a\u02c8nat l\u02b2\u026a\u0250\u02c8n\u02b2id\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0250x\u02c8m\u02b2\u025bt\u0259f]; Tatar: \u0420\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434 \u0443\u043b\u044b \u04d8\u0445\u043c\u04d9\u0442\u043e\u0432; born on 21 September 1966) is a Ukrainian billionaire businessman, and oligarch. He is the founder and president of System Capital Management (SCM), and ranked among the wealthiest men in Ukraine. As of 2019, he was listed as the 272nd richest man in the world with an estimated net worth of US 6.4 billion. Some sources have claimed that Akhmetov has been involved in organized crime, but Akhmetov has never been charged with a crime, his lawyers successfully refuted these accusations. Akhmetov is the owner and president of the Ukrainian football club Shakhtar Donetsk. In 2006\u20132007 and 2007\u20132012, Akhmetov was a member of the Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada (parliament) for the Party of Regions. Akhmetov also made numerous statements, since March 2014, appealing for integrity of Ukraine and finding peaceful solutions of the crisis.", "Q5604": "Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 \u2013 April 9, 1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator, whose creative period spanned more than 70 years, designing more than 1,000 structures, of which 532 were completed. Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. This philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater (1935), which has been called \"the best all-time work of American architecture.\" As a founder of organic architecture, Wright played a key role in the architectural movements of the twentieth century, influencing three generations of architects worldwide through his works.Wright was the pioneer of what came to be called the Prairie School movement of architecture, and he also developed the concept of the Usonian home in Broadacre City, his unique vision for urban planning in the United States. In addition to his houses, Wright designed original and innovative offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers, hotels, museums, and other structures. He often designed interior elements for these buildings, as well, including furniture and stained glass. Wright wrote 20 books and many articles and was a popular lecturer in the United States and Europe. Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as \"the greatest American architect of all time.\" In 2019, a selection of his work became a listed World Heritage Site as The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright.\nRaised in rural Wisconsin, Wright studied civil engineering at the University of Wisconsin and then apprenticed in Chicago with noted architects Joseph Lyman Silsbee and Louis Sullivan. He opened his own successful Chicago practice in 1893, and developed an influential home and studio in Oak Park, Illinois in 1898. His colorful personal life made headlines: leaving his first wife, Catherine Lee \"Kitty\" Tobin, and their children for Mamah Borthwick Cheney in 1909, the murders at Taliesin estate in 1914, his tempestuous marriage with second wife Miriam Noel in 1923, and his relationship with Olga (Olgivanna) Lazovich Hinzenburg, who became his third wife in 1928.", "Q39970": "Buffy the Vampire Slayer is a 1992 American comedy horror film directed by Fran Rubel Kuzui and starring Kristy Swanson, Donald Sutherland, Paul Reubens, Rutger Hauer, Luke Perry, and Hilary Swank. It follows a Valley girl cheerleader named Buffy who learns that it is her fate to hunt vampires. It was a moderate success at the box office but received mixed reception from critics. The film was taken in a different direction from the one its writer Joss Whedon intended, and five years later, he created the darker and acclaimed TV series of the same name.", "Q2002085": "Wright State University is a public research university in Fairborn, Ohio, United States, with an additional branch campus on Grand Lake St. Marys. Originally a branch campus, Wright State became an independent institution in 1967 and was named in honor of the aviation pioneers Orville and Wilbur Wright, who were residents of nearby Dayton. The university offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.\nWright State's athletic teams compete in the NCAA Division I as a member of the Horizon League, as the Wright State Raiders.", "Q355142": "Kazuya Kamenashi (\u4e80\u68a8 \u548c\u4e5f, Kamenashi Kazuya, born February 23, 1986) is a Japanese singer, actor, host, producer and magazine model. Born and raised in Edogawa, Tokyo, he joined the Japanese talent agency, Johnny & Associates, at the age of 12.\nHe was drafted as a member and co-lead vocalist of the popular J-pop group KAT-TUN in 2001. He is also one half of the temporary group, Sh\u016bji to Akira, whose only single \"Seishun Amigo\" became the best-selling single of 2005 in Japan. Individually, he is a popular actor who has played the lead role in several television dramas.", "Q716298": "Jesse Thomas Lacey (born July 10, 1978, Nassau County, New York) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer who is best known as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist for the American alternative rock band Brand New.As well as fronting Brand New, Lacey has performed as a solo artist since 2004, although has not yet released any solo material, and instead performs material by Brand New, as well as covering other bands. Lacey has produced and coproduced a number of records, including those by his band, Brand New, as well as Kevin Devine's \"Bubblegum\" and a track by Cymbals Eat Guitars. Lacey was the original bassist of Taking Back Sunday, but left the band in 2001, before any of their recorded material had been released.", "Q83546": "Vladimir-Suzdal (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0421\u0443\u0301\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, Vladimirsko-Suzdal'skaya), also Vladimir-Suzdalian Rus', formally known as the Grand Duchy of Vladimir (1157\u20131331) (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e-\u0421\u0443\u0301\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, romanized: Vladimiro-Suzdal'skoye knyazhestvo, lit. 'Vladimiro-Suzdalian principalty'; Latin: Volodimeriae), was one of the major principalities that succeeded Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century, centered in Vladimir-on-Klyazma. With time the principality grew into a grand duchy divided into several smaller principalities. After being conquered by the Mongol Empire, the principality became a self-governed state headed by its own nobility. A governorship of principality, however, was prescribed by a Khan declaration (jarlig) issued from the Golden Horde to a noble family of any of smaller principalities.\nVladimir-Suzdal is traditionally perceived as a cradle of the Great Russian language and nationality, and it gradually evolved into the Grand Duchy of Moscow.", "Q26688": "Yuri Nikolaevich Stoyanov (Russian: \u042e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432; born July 10, 1957 in Odessa) is a Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, musician. People's Artist of the Russian Federation (2001). Most famous comedian duo with Ilya Oleynikov.", "Q828753": "Coronado is a resort city located in San Diego County, California, USA, across the San Diego Bay from downtown San Diego. It was founded in the 1880s and incorporated in 1890. Its population was 18,192 at the 2010 census, down from 24,100 at the 2000 census.\nCoronado lies on an island connected to the mainland by a tombolo called the Silver Strand. In 1602 the explorer Sebastian Vizcaino gave the island its name and drew its first map. In 2012 Dr. Stephen Leatherman, Director of the Laboratory for Coastal Research, ranked Coronado Beach as the best beach in the United States.Coronado is Spanish for \"crowned one,\" and thus it is nicknamed The Crown City. Three ships of the United States Navy have been named after the city, including USS Coronado.", "Q749944": "Valeriu \u0218tefan Zgonea (born September 3, 1967 in Craiova) is a Romanian politician who served as President of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania between 3 July 2012 and 13 June 2016. On October 18, 2015, he was elected as Social Democratic Party Executive President. On April 27, 2016, he was expelled from SDP following his statements against party chairman Liviu Dragnea.", "Q172551": "Paul Emery (12 November 1916 \u2013 3 February 1993) was a racing driver from England.\nEmery was born in Chiswick, London. He built a number of front wheel drive 500cc Formula 3 cars named Emeryson and drove them himself. He participated in two World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 14 July 1956 and numerous non-Championship Formula One races. He scored no championship points.\nEmery died in Epsom, Surrey, aged 76.", "Q3275": "John David Cairns (7 August 1966 \u2013 9 May 2011) was a Scottish Labour Party politician, who was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 2001 until his death. He represented the constituency of Inverclyde. He was the Minister of State at the Scotland Office until he resigned on 16 September 2008. He died from complications of acute pancreatitis on 9 May 2011, aged 44.", "Q123078": "Robert Anson Heinlein (; July 7, 1907 \u2013 May 8, 1988) was an American science-fiction author, aeronautical engineer, and retired Naval officer. Sometimes called the \"dean of science fiction writers\", he was among the first to emphasize scientific accuracy in his fiction, and was thus a pioneer of the subgenre of hard science fiction. His published works, both fiction and non-fiction, express admiration for competence and emphasize the value of critical thinking. His work continues to have an influence on the science-fiction genre, and on modern culture more generally.\nHeinlein became one of the first American science-fiction writers to break into mainstream magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post in the late 1940s. He was one of the best-selling science-fiction novelists for many decades, and he, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke are often considered the \"Big Three\" of English-language science fiction authors. Notable Heinlein works include Stranger in a Strange Land, Starship Troopers (which helped mold the space marine and mecha archetypes) and The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress. His work sometimes had controversial aspects, such as plural marriage in The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, militarism in Starship Troopers and technologically competent women characters that were strong and independent, yet often stereotypically feminine \u2013 such as Friday.\nA writer also of numerous science-fiction short stories, Heinlein was one of a group of writers who came to prominence under the editorship (1937\u20131971) of John W. Campbell at Astounding Science Fiction magazine, though Heinlein denied that Campbell influenced his writing to any great degree.\nHeinlein used his science fiction as a way to explore provocative social and political ideas, and to speculate how progress in science and engineering might shape the future of politics, race, religion, and sex. Within the framework of his science-fiction stories, Heinlein repeatedly addressed certain social themes: the importance of individual liberty and self-reliance, the nature of sexual relationships, the obligation individuals owe to their societies, the influence of organized religion on culture and government, and the tendency of society to repress nonconformist thought. He also speculated on the influence of space travel on human cultural practices.\nHeinlein was named the first Science Fiction Writers Grand Master in 1974. Four of his novels won Hugo Awards. In addition, fifty years after publication, seven of his works were awarded \"Retro Hugos\"\u2014awards given retrospectively for works that were published before the Hugo Awards came into existence. In his fiction, Heinlein coined terms that have become part of the English language, including grok,\nwaldo and speculative fiction, as well as popularizing existing terms like \"TANSTAAFL,\" \"pay it forward,\" and \"space marine.\" He also anticipated mechanical computer-aided design with \"Drafting Dan\" and described a modern version of a waterbed in his novel Beyond This Horizon. In the first chapter of the novel Space Cadet he anticipated the cell-phone, 35 years before Motorola invented the technology. Several of Heinlein's works have been adapted for film and television.", "Q172": "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada, with a population of 2,731,571 as of 2016. Current to 2016, the Toronto census metropolitan area (CMA), of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), held a population of 5,928,040, making it Canada's most populous CMA. The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people (as of 2016) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario. Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, and culture, and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world.People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area, located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers, deep ravines, and urban forest, for more than 10,000 years. After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase, when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown, the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops. York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto. It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 (243.3 sq mi).\nThe diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group, and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, over 160 languages are spoken in the city.Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canada's major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Its varied cultural institutions, which include numerous museums and galleries, festivals and public events, entertainment districts, national historic sites, and sports activities, attract over 43 million tourists each year. Toronto is known for its many skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere, the CN Tower.The city is home to the Toronto Stock Exchange, the headquarters of Canada's five largest banks, and the headquarters of many large Canadian and multinational corporations. Its economy is highly diversified with strengths in technology, design, financial services, life sciences, education, arts, fashion, aerospace, environmental innovation, food services, and tourism.", "Q68281": "Altst\u00e4tten is a small historic rural town and a municipality in the district Rhine Valley, in the canton of St. Gall in Switzerland. It is located with some secure distance of about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west from the Alpine Rhine in the flat and wide St. Gall Rhine Valley, which also designates the border with Austria. It further gives access to the higher situated Appenzell to the west.\nThe official language of Altst\u00e4tten is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q208537": "Pau Casals i Defill\u00f3 (Catalan: [\u02c8paw k\u0259\u02c8zalz i \u00f0\u0259fi\u02c8\u028eo]; 29 December 1876 \u2013 22 October 1973), usually known in English as Pablo Casals, was a Spanish cellist, composer, and conductor. He is generally regarded as the pre-eminent cellist of the first half of the 20th century and one of the greatest cellists of all time. He made many recordings throughout his career of solo, chamber, and orchestral music, including some as conductor, but he is perhaps best remembered for the recordings of the Bach Cello Suites he made from 1936 to 1939. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy (though the ceremony was presided over by Lyndon B. Johnson).", "Q943694": "Geert Ludzer Mak (born 4 December 1946 in Vlaardingen) is a Dutch journalist and a non-fiction writer in the field of history. His ten books about Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Europe have earned him great popularity. His best-known work, In Europe, a combination of a travelogue through the continent of Europe and a history of the 20th century, has appeared in over a dozen languages. \n\n", "Q250984": "Bad Ischl [ba\u02d0t \u02c8\u026a\u0283l\u0329] is a spa town in Austria. It lies in the southern part of Upper Austria, at the Traun River in the centre of the Salzkammergut region. The town consists of the Katastralgemeinden Ahorn, Bad Ischl, Haiden, Jainzen, Kaltenbach, Lauffen, Lindau, Pfandl, Perneck, Reiterndorf and Rettenbach. It is connected to the village of Strobl by the river Ischl, which drains from the Wolfgangsee, and to the Traunsee, into which the stream empties. It is home to the Kaiservilla, summer residence of Austro-Hungarian monarchs Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth. In 2024, Bad Ischl will be the European Capital of Culture - the third city in Austria after Graz (2003) and Linz (2009).", "Q201275": "Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR; Northern German Broadcasting) is a public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg. In addition to the city-state of Hamburg, NDR transmits for the German states of Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein. NDR is a member of the ARD consortium.", "Q442103": "Katarina Mazetti (born 29 April 1944 in Stockholm) is a Swedish author and journalist. She made her debut as a writer in 1988 with the picture book \"H\u00e4r kommer tjocka sl\u00e4kten!\". She worked as a producer and presenter at Sveriges Radio between 1989\u20132004.\n\n", "Q1341332": "Roger Balian (born January 18, 1933) is a French-Armenian physicist who has worked on quantum field theory, quantum thermodynamics, and theory of measurement. \nBalian is a member of French Acad\u00e9mie des sciences (Academy of Sciences). His important work includes the Balian-Low theorem. He teaches statistical physics at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique.", "Q40519": "Jos\u00e9 Carrillo de Albornoz y Montiel, 1st Duke of Montemar, 3rd Count of Montemar (8 October 1671 \u2013 26 June 1747) was a Spanish nobleman and military leader, who conquered the Two Sicilies, Oran and Mazalquivir. He was a member of the Carrillo family, a Spanish noble house, and was Viceroy of Sicily from 1734 to 1737.", "Q2086391": "Philip Riley Sharp (born July 15, 1942) is an American politician and nonprofit executive who served in the United States House of Representatives as a Democratic representative from Indiana from 1975 to 1995.", "Q697786": "Eugen Kumi\u010di\u0107 (11 January 1850 \u2013 13 May 1904) was a prominent Croatian writer and politician. Kumi\u010di\u0107 was one of the most prolific Croatian novelists of the realism era and a pioneer of naturalism in Croatian literature.", "Q11030": "Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on events. The word journalism applies to the occupation, as well as citizen journalists who gather and publish information. Journalistic media include print, television, radio, Internet, and, in the past, newsreels.\nConcepts of the appropriate role for journalism vary between countries. In some nations, the news media are controlled by government intervention and are not fully independent. In others, the news media are independent of the government but instead operate as private industry motivated by profit. In addition to the varying nature of how media organizations are run and funded, countries may have differing implementations of laws handling the freedom of speech and libel cases.\nThe proliferation of the Internet and smartphones has brought significant changes to the media landscape since the turn of the 21st century. This has created a shift in the consumption of print media channels, as people increasingly consume news through e-readers, smartphones, and other personal electronic devices, as opposed to the more traditional formats of newspapers, magazines, or television news channels. News organizations are challenged to fully monetize their digital wing, as well as improvise on the context in which they publish in print. Newspapers have seen print revenues sink at a faster pace than the rate of growth for digital revenues.", "Q283504": "Diora Lynn Baird (born April 6, 1983) is an American actress and former model for Guess? who has appeared in films such as Wedding Crashers (2005), Accepted (2006), The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning (2006), Young People Fucking (2007), My Best Friend's Girl (2008), Stan Helsing (2009), and Transit (2012).", "Q48145": "Kirill Afanasievich Meretskov (Russian: \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043b \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432; 7 June [O.S. 26 May] 1897 \u2013 30 December 1968) was a Soviet military commander. Having joined the Communist Party in 1917, he served in the Red Army from 1920. During the Winter War of 1939-1940 against Finland, he had the task of penetrating the Mannerheim Line as commander of the 7th Army. He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union shortly afterwards.\nThe NKVD arrested Meretskov at the start of World War II. Released two months later, he returned to command the 7th Army and later the Volkhov Front during the 1941-1944 Siege of Leningrad. He commanded the Karelian Front from February 1944, notably the Petsamo\u2013Kirkenes Offensive of October 1944. From April 1945 he was assigned to the Far East, where he commanded a front during the Soviet invasion of Japanese Manchuria. During the war he reached the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union.\n\n", "Q1338197": "Sean Michael Daley (born September 7, 1972), better known by his stage name Slug, is an American rapper from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Slug is best known as one half of the hip hop group Atmosphere, which he founded with Derek Turner (Spawn). Turner has since left and Anthony Davis (Ant) produces Atmosphere with Slug. In 1995, Slug, in collaboration with Anthony Davis, Musab Saad, and Brent Sayers founded the Minneapolis-based independent hip hop record label Rhymesayers Entertainment.", "Q388323": "The Brilliant Green (\u30b6\u30fb\u30d6\u30ea\u30ea\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u30fb\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3, Za Buririanto Gur\u012bn) (stylized as the brilliant green) is a Japanese rock band from Kyoto formed in 1995. They were signed to Sony Music Entertainment Japan. Their major debut single under Sony, \"Bye Bye Mr. Mug\", was released in 1997. Their contract with Sony ended in 2008, and on December 1, 2009, the band announced that it had signed with Warner Music Group Japan.", "Q105915": "Thomas Alder (January 1, 1932 in Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany \u2013 May 6, 1968 in Munich, Germany) was a German actor.\nOn May 6, 1968, he committed suicide by gas at age 36.", "Q68295": "Yashawant Dinkar Phadke (Y. D. Phadke Devanagari: \u092f\u0936\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u092b\u0921\u0915\u0947 / \u092f. \u0926\u093f. \u092b\u0921\u0915\u0947) (3 January 1931 \u2013 11 January 2008) was a historian and a political activist from Maharashtra, India.\n\n", "Q434095": "Javier Tusell G\u00f3mez (26 August 1945, Barcelona - 8 February 2005, Barcelona) was a Spanish historian, writer and politician who served as a professor of modern history at the National University of Distance Education (UNED).", "Q780588": "Ulver (Norwegian for \"wolves\") is a Norwegian experimental electronica band founded in 1993, by vocalist Kristoffer Rygg. Their early works, such as debut album Bergtatt, were categorised as folklore-influenced black metal, but the band has since evolved a fluid and increasingly eclectic musical style, blending genres such as experimental rock, electronica, ambient, trip hop, symphonic and chamber traditions, noise, progressive and experimental music into their oeuvre. 1997 marked their international debut with the release of their third album Nattens madrigal through German label Century Media. However, following discord with the label, Kristoffer Rygg formed his own imprint, Jester Records, in 1998.In 1998, Rygg met composer and multi-instrumentalist Tore Ylwizaker and together they changed Ulvers musical direction. Inspired by their mutual reference in Coil and Ylwizakers classical interests, they release their first musical endeavour together by the works of William Blake. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (studioalbum) was released in 1998, followed by Metamorphosis (EP, 1999) and \"Perdition City - music to an Interior film\" (CD, 2000). For years, Rygg, Ylwizaker and author/publisher J\u00f8rn H. Sv\u00e6ren formed the core of Ulver, before expanding the collective in 2009 when the band went live. Norwegian musician and producer Ole Alexander Halstensg\u00e5rd has also since then, established himself as another prominent member of the band. \nUlver has performed at several prestigious venues, including Queen Elisabeth Hall (2009), the Norwegian National Opera and Ballet (2010), Teatro Regio di Parma (2013), Labirinto della Masone di Franco Maria Ricci (2017) and held artist recidency at Henie Onstad Kunstsenter (2018).The band have sold in excess of half a million records, been twice nominated for the Norwegian Grammy Awards, Spellemannsprisen, in different categories, won Album of the Year at the Oslo Awards for Shadows of the Sun in 2008, won the NATT&DAG award for Best Live Act in 2011, and earned a global reputation for stylistic unpredictability.Harmony Korine, the controversial director of films like Gummo, commented: \"There's a real lineage from a composer like Wagner to a band like Ulver.\" Author and musician Julian Cope has said, \"Ulver are cataloguing the death of our culture two decades before anyone else has noticed its inevitable demise.\"", "Q90248": "Ernst Weber (September 6, 1901 in Vienna, Austria \u2013 February 16, 1996 in Columbus, North Carolina), Austria-born American electrical engineer, was a pioneer in microwave technologies and played an important role in the history of the New York University Tandon School of Engineering, where in 1945 he founded the Microwave Research Institute (later renamed the Weber Research Institute in his honor). Weber was also the first president of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and one of the founders of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering (NAE).", "Q25395": "Newark (, locally ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County. As one of the nation's major air, shipping, and rail hubs, the city had a population of 282,090 in 2018, making it the nation's 73rd-most populous municipality, after being ranked 63rd in the nation in 2000.Settled in 1666 by Puritans from New Haven Colony, Newark is one of the oldest cities in the United States. Its location at the mouth of the Passaic River (where it flows into Newark Bay) has made the city's waterfront an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey. Today, Port Newark\u2013Elizabeth is the primary container shipping terminal of the busiest seaport on the U.S. East Coast. Newark Liberty International Airport was the first municipal commercial airport in the United States, and today is one of its busiest.Several leading companies have their headquarters in Newark, including Prudential, PSEG, Panasonic Corporation of North America, Audible.com, IDT Corporation, and Manischewitz. A number of important higher education institutions are also in the city, including the Newark campus of Rutgers University (which includes law and medical schools and the Rutgers Institute of Jazz Studies); the New Jersey Institute of Technology; and Seton Hall University's law school. The U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey sits in the city as well. Local cultural venues include the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, Newark Symphony Hall, the Prudential Center and The Newark Museum of Art.\nNewark is divided into five political wards (East, West, South, North and Central) and contains neighborhoods ranging in character from bustling urban districts to quiet suburban enclaves. Newark's Branch Brook Park is the oldest county park in the United States and is home to the nation's largest collection of cherry blossom trees, numbering over 5,000.", "Q273185": "Herm\u00edna T\u00fdrlov\u00e1 (11 December 1900 in B\u0159ezov\u00e9 Hory \u2013 3 May 1993 in Zl\u00edn) was a prominent Czech animator, screen writer, and film director. She was often called the mother of Czech animation. Over the course of her career, she was the first to produced over 60 animated children's short films using puppets and the technique of stop motion animation.", "Q274832": "Linda Mvusi (c. 1955 in Bloemfontein- ) is an actress and architect. Mvusi took an award for best actress at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival for her role in the film A World Apart which was directed by Chris Menges. Mvusi was the first South African to get a best Actress award at Cannes. Mvusi also shared in an award for excellence for her architecture on the Apartheid Museum.", "Q395414": "Agoraphobic Nosebleed (abbreviated as ANb) is a grindcore band formed in 1994 in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States. Its line-up has changed often over the years, with guitarist and drum programmer Scott Hull being the only continuous member. The current line-up includes vocalist Jay Randall, and Richard Johnson of Enemy Soil and Drugs of Faith, along with John Jarvis of Pig Destroyer and Fulgora on bass guitar. Agoraphobic Nosebleed is one of the most well-known drum-machine grindcore bands, and has influenced many drum-machine grindcore bands.", "Q1819953": "Leopoldo Brizuela (June 8, 1963 \u2013 May 14, 2019) was an Argentine journalist, writer and translator. He was born in La Plata in 1963.\nHe won a number of literary awards, including the 2012 Premio Alfaguara for his novel Una misma noche. As a translator, he translated the works of American writers such as Henry James, Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty.", "Q307176": "Abd el-Aziz el-Zoubi (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a\u200e, Hebrew: \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d0\u05dc-\u05e2\u05d6\u05d9\u05d6 \u05d0-\u05d6\u05d5\u05e2\u05d1\u05d9\u200e; 4 February 1926 \u2013 14 February 1974) was an Israeli Arab politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Mapam and the Alignment from 1965 until his death in 1974. When appointed Deputy Minister of Health on 24 May 1971, he became the first non-Jewish member of an Israeli government.", "Q328195": "The German Democratic Party (German: Deutsche Demokratische Partei, DDP) was founded in November 1918 by leaders of the former Progressive People's Party, left-wing members of the National Liberal Party and a new group calling themselves the Democrats (German: Demokraten).\nIn 1930, the party changed to the German State Party (German: Deutsche Staatspartei).", "Q436682": "Val\u00e9rie Kaprisky (born 19 August 1962) is a French actress.", "Q1476": "Le Mans (, French: [l\u0259 m\u0251\u0303] (listen)) is a city in France on the Sarthe River. Traditionally the capital of the province of Maine, it is now the capital of the Sarthe department and the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Le Mans. Le Mans is a part of the Pays de la Loire region.\nIts inhabitants are called Manceaux and Mancelles. Since 1923, the city has hosted the internationally famous 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance sports car race.", "Q1353736": "Jeffrey Keith Skilling (born November 25, 1953) is an American former businessman and convicted felon best known as the CEO of Enron Corporation during the Enron scandal. In 2006, he was convicted of federal felony charges relating to Enron's collapse and eventually sentenced to 24 years in prison. The Supreme Court of the United States heard arguments in the appeal of the case March 1, 2010. On June 24, 2010, the Supreme Court vacated part of Skilling's conviction and transferred the case back to the lower court for resentencing.\nIn April 2011, a three-judge panel of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the verdict would have been the same despite the legal issues being discussed, and Skilling's conviction was confirmed; however, the court ruled Skilling should be resentenced. Skilling appealed this new decision to the Supreme Court, but the appeal was denied. In 2013, the United States Department of Justice reached a deal with Skilling, which resulted in ten years being cut from his sentence, reducing it to 14 years. He was moved to a halfway house in August 2018 and released from custody in February 2019, after serving 12 years.", "Q74864": "Ign\u00e1t Herrmann (12 August 1854 in Chot\u011bbo\u0159 \u2013 8 July 1935 in \u0158evnice) was a Czech novelist, satirist and editor. He sometimes used the pseudonym Vojta Machat\u00fd, \u0160vanda.\nThe thirteenth child of a solicitor's copyist, he attended school in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, then in 1868 travelled to Prague to begin a career in retail. He worked for several companies, from 1873 for the publisher Otto-Verlag, for whom he became a courtroom reporter. From 1876 to 1878 he edited the satirical magazine Pale\u010dek; in 1882 he founded his own, \u0160vanda dud\u00e1k, which he edited almost continuously until 1930. He worked for several years at a law firm before becoming, in 1885, editor of the N\u00e1rodn\u00ed listy, for which he had been an administrator. From 1888 he was chairman of the \"May Society\" of Czech authors (M\u00e1jovci). He edited the first edition (1892-4) of the complete works of Jan Neruda.\nHis literary work was closely tied to his journalism, and mostly dealt with the personalities and life of Prague. His first novel was the partly autobiographical U sn\u011bden\u00e9ho kr\u00e1mu (1890). The same year he wrote a play, Man\u017eelova p\u0159\u00edtelkyn\u011b, but it was not successful. He wrote several serial novels like P\u00e1t\u00e9 p\u0159es dev\u00e1t\u00e9 and Mu\u017e bez t\u0159in\u00e1ctky. In N\u00e1rodn\u00ed listy he published his most successful novel Otec Kondel\u00edk a \u017eenich Vejvara (1898) as well as the sequel Tch\u00e1n Kondel\u00edk a ze\u0165 Vejvara (1906). The main character, narrow-minded old \"Papa Kondel\u00edk\", is his most famous creation. His fiction has frequently been adapted for the cinema.\nHe wrote 387 short stories, but the only English translations are of \"Childless\" and \"Mr Va\u0161ek.\" German translations are collected in Allerlei Tierchen und Leuchten (1935) and Ausgew\u00e4hlte Geschichten (1908). There are also a handful of Esperanto translations.", "Q45307": "Aleksander Ossypovich Zederbaum (Zamo\u015b\u0107, August 27, 1816 \u2013 Saint Petersburg, September 8, 1893) was a Polish-Russian Jewish journalist. He was founder and editor of Ha-Melitz, and other periodicals published in Russian and Yiddish; he wrote in Hebrew.", "Q139752": "Tadashi Kawamata (Japanese: \u5ddd\u4fe3\u6b63 / born July 24, 1953) is a Japanese artist, born in Mikasa City / Hokkaido, who lives and works in Paris.", "Q371786": "Joel David Moore (born September 25, 1977) is an American character actor and director. Born and raised in Portland, Oregon, Moore studied acting in college before relocating to Los Angeles to pursue a film career. His first major role was as Owen Dittman in the 2004 comedy DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story, followed by roles in the comedy Grandma's Boy (2006), Terry Zwigoff's Art School Confidential (2006), and the independent slasher film Hatchet (2006).\nIn 2008, he was cast in the role of Colin Fisher on the Fox series Bones, a guest role he portrayed in sixteen episodes until the series' conclusion in 2017. In 2009, he was cast as Dr. Norm Spellman in James Cameron's Avatar (2009), a role he will reprise for the film's upcoming sequels, Avatar 2 (2021) and Avatar 3 (2023).\nMoore has also starred in several music videos, and directed films: His directorial debut was the psychological thriller Spiral (2007), followed by the drama Youth in Oregon (2016), and Killing Winston Jones (2018).", "Q1310": "Arnhem (, also US: , Dutch: [\u02c8\u0251rn\u025bm] (listen) or [\u02c8\u0251rn\u0266\u025bm] (listen); German: Arnheim; South Guelderish: \u00c8rnem) is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland and located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development. Arnhem had a population of 159,265 in 2019 and is one of the larger cities of the Netherlands. The municipality is part of the Arnhem\u2013Nijmegen metropolitan area which has a combined 736,500 inhabitants.Arnhem is home to the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, ArtEZ Institute of the Arts, Netherlands Open Air Museum, Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Royal Burgers' Zoo, NOC*NSF and National Sports Centre Papendal. The north corner of the municipality is part of the Hoge Veluwe National Park. It is approximately 55 square kilometers in area, consisting of heathlands, sand dunes, and woodlands.", "Q554775": "Frans Bak (born 7 February 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark) is a Danish composer, choral conductor, saxophonist, and pianist. He is a graduate of the Royal Danish Academy of Music and has worked as a jazz performer and composer of film music. In 1994, he founded the composer's association Den 3. Vej. He plays saxophone, keyboards, and piano.Bak was a member of the bands Blast, Buztop, Santa Cruz, Det Glatte Lag, and Jazzgruppe 90. He was the leader of a quartet and of a big band that included Bob Berg and Randy Brecker. He recorded with Hans Ulrik on the album Fusion.He wrote the score for the Danish television series Forbrydelsen and American remake, The Killing on AMC. He worked on Lilyhammer on NRK1/Netflix starring Steven Van Zandt and the British adaption of the Ruth Rendell novel Thirteen Steps Down.\nBak has scored commercials, short films, and feature films, including three Academy Award-nominated shorts: Ernst & The Light, Sweethearts?, and Helmer & Son.\nIn 2016 Bak released the album Sound of North which featured new compositions plus selections from The Killing. He went on to perform the album live in Beijing's Danish Cultural Centre in March 2017.", "Q214678": "Max Winter (January 9, 1870 T\u00e1rnok, Hungary \u2013 July 11, 1937 Hollywood, California, United States) was an Austrian Journalist, writer and politician of the SDAP.\nHe was instrumental in acquiring use of part of the Sch\u00f6nbrunn Palace as a school [1]. The street Max Winter Platz in Vienna is named after him.", "Q178068": "Wittgenstein is a 1993 film by the English director Derek Jarman. It is loosely based on the life story as well as the philosophical thinking of the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. The adult Wittgenstein is played by Karl Johnson.\nThe original screenplay was by the literary critic Terry Eagleton. Jarman heavily rewrote the script during pre-production and shooting, radically altering the style and structure, although retaining much of Eagleton's dialogue. The story is not played out in a traditional setting, but rather against a black backdrop within which the actors and key props are placed, as if in a theatre setting.\nThe film was originally part of a series of 12 films on the life and ideas of the philosopher, produced by Tariq Ali on behalf of Channel Four. Only four scripts got commissioned, Socrates by Howard Brenton, Spinoza by Tariq Ali, Locke by David Edgar and Wittgenstein by Terry Eagleton. Spinoza was filmed and directed by Chris Spencer as Spinoza : The Apostle of Reason. Also Citizen Locke was filmed and directed by Agnieszka Piotrowska. They were transmitted in 1994 as 52 min long television films.", "Q118944": "Hans Caspar Hirzel (21 March 1725 - 18 February 1803), also known or spelt as - Herzil John Caspar, Kaspar Hirzel, Johann Kasper Herzel, or John Kaspar Hirzel -, was an eminent Swiss physician and writer on rural economy.", "Q160627": "Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823 \u2013 7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858. This prompted Darwin to publish his own ideas in On the Origin of Species.\nLike Darwin, Wallace did extensive fieldwork; first in the Amazon River basin, and then in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the faunal divide now termed the Wallace Line, which separates the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are largely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect Australasia.\nHe was considered the 19th century's leading expert on the geographical distribution of animal species and is sometimes called the \"father of biogeography\". Wallace was one of the leading evolutionary thinkers of the 19th century and made many other contributions to the development of evolutionary theory besides being co-discoverer of natural selection. These included the concept of warning colouration in animals, and the Wallace effect, a hypothesis on how natural selection could contribute to speciation by encouraging the development of barriers against hybridisation. Wallace's 1904 book Man's Place in the Universe was the first serious attempt by a biologist to evaluate the likelihood of life on other planets. He was also one of the first scientists to write a serious exploration of the subject of whether there was life on Mars.Wallace was strongly attracted to unconventional ideas (such as evolution). His advocacy of spiritualism and his belief in a non-material origin for the higher mental faculties of humans strained his relationship with some members of the scientific establishment.\nAside from scientific work, he was a social activist who was critical of what he considered to be an unjust social and economic system (capitalism) in 19th-century Britain. His interest in natural history resulted in his being one of the first prominent scientists to raise concerns over the environmental impact of human activity. He was also a prolific author who wrote on both scientific and social issues; his account of his adventures and observations during his explorations in Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia, The Malay Archipelago, was both popular and highly regarded. Since its publication in 1869, it has never been out of print.\nWallace had financial difficulties throughout much of his life. His Amazon and Far Eastern trips were supported by the sale of specimens he collected and, after he lost most of the considerable money he made from those sales in unsuccessful investments, he had to support himself mostly from the publications he produced. Unlike some of his contemporaries in the British scientific community, such as Darwin and Charles Lyell, he had no family wealth to fall back on, and he was unsuccessful in finding a long-term salaried position, receiving no regular income until he was awarded a small government pension, through Darwin's efforts, in 1881.\n\n", "Q723551": "The British Academy is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences.\nIt was established in 1902 and received its royal charter in the same year. It is now a fellowship of more than 1,000 leading scholars spanning all disciplines across the humanities and social sciences and a funding body for research projects across the United Kingdom. The academy is a self-governing and independent registered charity, based at 10\u201311 Carlton House Terrace in London.\nThe British Academy is funded with an annual grant from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS). In 2014/15 the British Academy's total income was \u00a333,100,000, including \u00a327,000,000 from BIS. \u00a332,900,000 was distributed during the year in research grants, awards and charitable activities.", "Q311072": "Declan John Galbraith (born 19 December 1991) is an English singer. He is best known for his 2002 hit single, \"Tell Me Why\", which peaked at #29 in the UK Singles Chart.", "Q43776": "Wilhelm Resetarits (born 21 December 1948 in Stinatz, Austria), better known as Willi Resetarits and Dr. Kurt Ostbahn, is an Austrian singer, comedian and human rights activist.\nResetarits was born in the Austrian state Burgenland, but his family moved to Vienna when he was three. He studied sports and English studies intending to become a teacher, but his successful career as a musician intervened.\nIn 1969 Resetarits joined the political rock band Schmetterlinge (Butterflies). They participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977 in London with the song \"Boom-Boom-Boomerang\", which was voted into last but one place.\nIn the mid-1980s, together with his colleague G\u00fcnter Br\u00f6dl he developed his alter ego Dr. Kurt Ostbahn, an excessive personality with an intense stage presence, which turned out to be very successful. The name was created in the mid-1970s, when G\u00fcnter Br\u00f6dl was asked during a radio show what American musicians like Southside Johnny & the Asbury Jukes would call themselves if they were from Vienna. He answered Ostbahn Kurti & die Chefpartie, which a decade later became the name of Willi Resetarits and his band. Resetarits also introduced the musical form of Favorit'n'Blues, a Viennese form of rhythm and blues. After G\u00fcnter Br\u00f6dl died unexpectedly in 2000, Dr. Kurt Ostbahn went on a final commemoration tour and then announced in December 2003 that he would let his alter ego retire.\nHowever, after the \"official\" retirement of Dr. Kurt Ostbahn after the last concert on December 31, 2003, there were 4 other appearances as Dr. Kurt Ostbahn: October 10 & 11 2010 - initially announced as CD box presentation - two memorial concerts around the 10th anniversary of Br\u00f6dls death. August 27 & 28 2011, celebrating the 20th anniversary of the infamous \"Ostbahn XI\" open-air concert. In all four concerts, Resetarits/Ostbahn was joined on stage by a selection of musicians from his two bands, \"Chefpartie\" and \"Kombo\".\nFrom 1995 to 1998 Trost und Rat von und mit Dr. Kurt Ostbahn (Solace and advice by and with Kurt Ostbahn, Ph.D.) was a very popular weekly radio show in Vienna, which verified Resetarits as an extraordinary entertainer. In 2006 the broadcast carried on, this time featuring Willi Resetarits instead of Dr. Kurt Ostbahn.\nEven after the retirement of his alter ego Ostbahn Kurti/Dr. Kurt Ostbahn, Resetarits is very successful with very different music productions. In 2006 he was on tour with the Kurdish singer Sivan Perwer presenting World music and together with the Xtra Combo Resetarits interprets a wild mixture of Croatian Folk music, Wienerlieder (traditional Viennese ballads), Jazz and Blues as Stubnblues.\nResetarits is a human rights activist and one of the founders of the humanitarian organisations Asyl in Not and SOS Mitmensch. He is also one of the founders and chairman of the Integration House Vienna. \nHe has made frequent appearances on Austrian TV and in film productions.\nLukas Resetarits (cabaret artist and actor on TV) and Peter Resetarits (TV host at ORF) are his brothers. Karin Resetarits, a present member of the European Parliament, is his divorced sister-in-law.", "Q97241": "\u00d6zay Fecht (born 1953) is a Turkish-German actress and jazz singer.\n\n", "Q290578": "Radiophysics (also modern writing \"radio physics\") is a branch of physics focused on the theoretical and experimental study of certain kinds of radiation, its emission, propagation and interaction with matter.\nThe term is used in the following major meanings: \n\nstudy of radio waves (the original area of research)\nstudy of radiation used in radiology\nstudy of other ranges of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation in some specific applicationsAmong the main applications of radiophysics are radio communications, radiolocation, radio astronomy and radiology.", "Q370498": "Sceaux (French pronunciation: \u200b[so]) is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 9.7 km (6.0 mi) from the center of Paris.", "Q315214": "Tariq Aziz (Arabic: \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u200e \u1e6c\u0101riq \u02bfAz\u012bz (28 April 1936 \u2013 5 June 2015) was Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister (1979\u20132003) and Foreign Minister (1983\u20131991) and a close advisor of President Saddam Hussein. Their association began in the 1950s when both were activists for the then-banned Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. Although he was an Arab nationalist he was in fact an ethnic Assyrian, and a member of the Chaldean Catholic Church.Because of security concerns, Saddam rarely left Iraq, so Aziz would often represent Iraq at high-level diplomatic summits. What the United States wanted, he averred, was not \"regime change\" in Iraq but rather \"region change\". He said that the Bush Administration's reasons for war were \"oil and Israel.\"After surrendering to American forces on 24 April 2003, Aziz was held in prison, first by American forces and subsequently by the Iraqi government, in Camp Cropper in western Baghdad. He was acquitted of some charges on 1 March 2009 following a trial, but was sentenced to 15 years on 11 March 2009 for the executions of 42 merchants found guilty of profiteering in 1992 and another 7 years for relocating Kurds.On 26 October 2010, he was sentenced to death by the Iraqi High Tribunal, which sparked regional and international condemnation from Iraqi bishops and other Iraqis, the Vatican, the United Nations, the European Union and the human rights organization Amnesty International, as well as various governments around the world, such as Russia. On 28 October 2010, it was reported that Aziz, as well as 25 fellow prison inmates, had begun a hunger strike to protest the fact that they could not receive their once-monthly visit from friends and relatives, which was normally set for the last Friday of each month.Iraqi President Jalal Talabani declared that he would not sign Aziz's execution order, thus commuting his sentence to indefinite imprisonment. Aziz remained in custody the rest of his life and died of a heart attack in the city of Nasiriyah on 5 June 2015, aged 79.", "Q93027": "Henri Gouraud (born 1944) is a French computer scientist. He is the inventor of Gouraud shading used in computer graphics. He is the great nephew of general Henri Gouraud.\nDuring 1964\u20131967, he studied at \u00c9cole Centrale Paris. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Utah College of Engineering in 1971, working with Dave Evans and Ivan Sutherland, for a dissertation entitled Computer Display of Curved Surfaces.\nIn 1971 Gouraud made the first CG geometry capture and representation of a human face in Wire-frame model and applied his shader to produce the famous human face images showing the effect of his shading were done using his wife Sylvie Gouraud as the model.", "Q3350320": "Oleksander Hennadiyovych Tymoshenko (Ukrainian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0456\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e; born 11 June 1960) is the husband of former Ukrainian prime minister, Yulia Tymoshenko and a businessman. Tymoshenko owns an egg farm and is the founder of two companies producing equipment for medical institutions. According to his wife, Tymoshenko only does business outside Ukraine \"after all the events that took place in Ukraine\" and owns a \"construction business\".\n\n", "Q302768": "Jess Walter (born July 20, 1965) is an American author of six novels, a collection of short stories, and a non-fiction book. His books have been published in twenty-six countries and translated into twenty-eight languages. He is the recipient of the Edgar Allan Poe Award, among others, and was a finalist for the National Book Award in 2006.", "Q425826": "Luisa Corna (born 2 December 1965) is an Italian television presenter, singer, model, and actress.\nBorn in Palazzolo sull'Oglio, Brescia, at 16 years old Corna began her career as a model for, among others, Dolce & Gabbana, Missoni and Mariella Burani; she also posed for photographers Helmut Newton and Arthur Elgort. In 1992 she ranked second at the Castrocaro Music Festival with the song \"Dove vanno a finire gli amori\". In the late 1990s Corna began her television career, hosting several television programs such as Tira e Molla, Domenica in and Controcampo. In 2002 she entered the main competition at the Sanremo Music Festival, ranking fourth with the song \"Ora che ho bisogno di te\", a duet with Fausto Leali.Corna also appeared on several films and television series, and dubbed in the Italian version of the animated film Shark Tale.\n\n", "Q124065": "Alexandre Rodolphe Vinet (June 17, 1797 \u2013 May 4, 1847), was a Swiss critic and theologian.", "Q784088": "Idlewild are a Scottish rock band formed in Edinburgh in 1995. The band's line-up consists of Roddy Woomble (lead vocals), Rod Jones (guitar, backing vocals), Colin Newton (drums), Andrew Mitchell (bass), Allan Stewart (guitar) and Luciano Rossi (keyboards). To date, Idlewild have released nine full-length studio albums.\nInitially, Idlewild's sound was faster and more dissonant than many of their 1990s indie rock contemporaries. However, it developed over time from an edgy and angular sound (as heard in their early material\u2014once described by the NME as \"the sound of a flight of stairs falling down a flight of stairs\") to a sweeping, melodic rock sound as displayed on The Remote Part and Warnings/Promises.\nIn 2010, the band entered an indefinite hiatus, but reunited in late 2013 to record their seventh album, Everything Ever Written, released in 2015. This was followed by Interview Music in 2019.", "Q230916": "Galina Pavlovna Vishnevskaya (n\u00e9e Ivanova, Russian: \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f; 25 October 1926 \u2013 11 December 2012) was a Russian soprano opera singer and recitalist who was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1966. She was the wife of cellist Mstislav Rostropovich, and mother to their two daughters, Olga and Elena Rostropovich.", "Q57703": "Viktor Lutze (28 December 1890 \u2013 2 May 1943) was a German Nazi Party functionary and the commander of the Sturmabteilung (\"SA\") succeeding Ernst R\u00f6hm as Stabschef. He died from injuries received in a car accident. Lutze was given an elaborate state funeral in Berlin on 7 May 1943.", "Q738617": "Ivan Lyudvigovich Knunyants (Armenian: \u053b\u057e\u0561\u0576 \u053f\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0576\u0575\u0561\u0576\u0581, Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043d\u0443\u043d\u044f\u043d\u0446; 4 June [O.S. 22 May] 1906 (Shusha, Elisabethpol Governorate, Russian Empire) \u2013 21 December 1990 (Moscow), was a Soviet chemist of Armenian origin, academic of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, a Major General and engineer, who significantly contributed to the advancement of Soviet chemistry. He made more than 200 inventions, many of which used in the Soviet industry. \nGraduated from Moscow Bauman Highest Technical School (MVTU) 1928, student of Aleksei Chichibabin. Leader of laboratory for elementooranic chemistry.\nHe was one of the pioneers of the synthesis of poly-caprolactam (capron, nylon-6, polyamide-6), founder of Soviet school of fluorocarbon's chemistry, one of major developers of Soviet chemical weapons program, also an author of a few drugs for chemotherapy of cancer.\nHe proposed the method of getting the 5-hydroxypentan-2-one from ethyl ethanoate and oxirane, also used in the industrial synthesis of vitamin B. His scientific group synthesized compounds containing fluorine, along with nitro-, amino-hydroxy-isoquinoline-air and other groups.", "Q67818": "Karl Heinrich von Boetticher (6 January 1833 \u2013 6 March 1907) was a German conservative statesman. He served as Secretary of the Interior (1880\u20131897), and Vice Chancellor of Germany (1881\u20131897).\n\n", "Q7738950": "The Hartt School is the comprehensive performing arts conservatory of the University of Hartford located in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States, that offers degree programs in music, dance, and theatre. Founded in 1920 by Julius Hartt and Moshe Paranov, Hartt has been part of the University of Hartford since its charter merged the then Hartt College of Music, the Hartford Art School, and Hillyer College to create the University in 1957. Hartt is among the most recognized schools for music, dance, and theatre in the United States. The Hartt School offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in music, dance, and theatre, and associated disciplines. The Hartt Community Division offers a variety of opportunities in music and dance for students of all ages, backgrounds, and abilities.", "Q1983879": "Dan Gresham, better known by the stage name Nu:Tone, is a British drum and bass producer who is signed to the Hospital Records label.", "Q381307": "Oscar Zariski (April 24, 1899 \u2013 July 4, 1986) was a Russian-born American mathematician and one of the most influential algebraic geometers of the 20th century.", "Q85645": "Victor Berger (February 28, 1860 \u2013 August 7, 1929) was an Austrian-American socialist politician and journalist who was a founding member of the Social Democratic Party of America and its successor, the Socialist Party of America. Born in Austria-Hungary, Berger immigrated to the United States as a young man and became an important and influential socialist journalist in Wisconsin. He helped establish the so-called Sewer Socialist movement. Also a politician, in 1910, he was elected as the first Socialist to the U.S. House of Representatives, representing a district in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.\nIn 1919, Berger was convicted of violating the Espionage Act for publicizing his anti-interventionist views and as a result was denied the seat to which he had been twice elected in the House of Representatives. The verdict was eventually overturned by the Supreme Court in 1921, and Berger was elected to three successive terms in the 1920s.", "Q4964182": "A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy. The term \"philosopher\" comes from the Ancient Greek, \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 (philosophos), meaning \"lover of wisdom\". The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras (6th century BC).In the classical sense, a philosopher was someone who lived according to a certain way of life, focusing on resolving existential questions about the human condition, and not someone who discourses upon theories or comments upon authors. Typically, these particular brands of philosophy are Hellenistic ones and those who most arduously commit themselves to this lifestyle may be considered philosophers. A philosopher is one who challenges what is thought to be common sense, doesn't know when to stop asking questions, and reexamines the old ways of thought.In a modern sense, a philosopher is an intellectual who has contributed in one or more branches of philosophy, such as aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, logic, metaphysics, social theory, and political philosophy. A philosopher may also be one who worked in the humanities or other sciences which have since split from philosophy proper over the centuries, such as the arts, history, economics, sociology, psychology, linguistics, anthropology, theology, and politics.\n\n", "Q207162": "The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history following the first fall of Napoleon in 1814 and his final defeat in the Hundred Days in 1815, until the July Revolution of 1830. The brothers of the executed Louis XVI came to power and reigned in highly conservative fashion. Exiled supporters of the monarchy returned to France. They were nonetheless unable to reverse most of the changes made by the French Revolution and Napoleon. At the Congress of Vienna, they were treated respectfully, but had to give up nearly all the territorial gains made since 1789.", "Q164441": "Larin Paraske (December 27, 1833 \u2013 January 3, 1904) was an Izhorian oral poet. She is considered a key figure in Finnish folk poetry and has been called the \"Finnish Mnemosyne\". Her frequent listeners included several romantic nationalist artists, such as Jean Sibelius, seeking inspiration from her interpretations of Kalevala, an epic poem compiled from Finnish folklore by Elias L\u00f6nnrot.Paraske could recite over 32,000 verses of poetry, which made her an important source for Karelian culture. Her poems were written down by Adolf Neovius in the 1880s, and after several years of work, approximately 1200 poems, 1750 proverbs and 336 riddles were documented, along with several Finnic lamentations known as itkuvirsi, performed by crying and sobbing.In 1936, sculptor Alpo Sailo created a statue of Paraske. It was planned for the Kalevala building, which however never realized, so the statue was erected in 1949 in the Hakasalmi park, off Mannerheimintie, in Helsinki. A street named after Paraske is located in Kaarela, a district of Helsinki. In 2004, Paraske placed 87th on Suuret suomalaiset, a vote arranged by YLE, the Finnish Broadcasting Company, to determine the \"100 greatest Finns\". Paraske is also one of the people on stamps of Finland.", "Q7991": "Natural science is a branch of science concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and repeatability of findings are used to try to ensure the validity of scientific advances.\nNatural science can be divided into two main branches: life science (or biological science) and physical science. Physical science is subdivided into branches, including physics, chemistry, astronomy and Earth science. These branches of natural science may be further divided into more specialized branches (also known as fields). As empirical sciences, natural sciences use tools from the formal sciences, such as mathematics and logic, converting information about nature into measurements which can be explained as clear statements of the \"laws of nature\".Modern natural science succeeded more classical approaches to natural philosophy, usually traced to ancient Greece. Galileo, Descartes, Bacon, and Newton debated the benefits of using approaches which were more mathematical and more experimental in a methodical way. Still, philosophical perspectives, conjectures, and presuppositions, often overlooked, remain necessary in natural science. Systematic data collection, including discovery science, succeeded natural history, which emerged in the 16th century by describing and classifying plants, animals, minerals, and so on. Today, \"natural history\" suggests observational descriptions aimed at popular audiences.", "Q346102": "Dominique Besnehard (French: [d\u0254minik b\u025bsnea\u0281]; born 5 February 1954) is a French actor, film producer, casting director, writer and talent manager. He has appeared in over 80 films and television shows since 1975. He starred in the 1983 film \u00c0 nos amours, which was entered into the 34th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q505274": "Leonard Cyril Deighton (; born 18 February 1929) is a British author. His publications have included cookery books, history and military history, but he is best known for his spy novels.\nAfter completing his national service in the Royal Air Force, Deighton attended art school in London, and he graduated from the Royal College of Art in 1955. He had several jobs before becoming a book and magazine illustrator\u2014including designing the cover for first UK edition of Jack Kerouac's 1957 work On the Road. He also worked for a period in an advertising agency. During an extended holiday in France he wrote his first novel, The IPCRESS File, which was published in 1962, and was a critical and commercial success, and he wrote several spy novels using the same central character, a working class intelligence officer, cynical and tough.\nBetween 1962 and 1966 Deighton was the food correspondent for The Observer and drew cookstrips\u2014black and white graphic recipes with a limited number of words. A selection of these was collected and published in 1965 as Len Deighton's Action Cook Book, the first of five cookery books he wrote. Other topics of non-fiction include history, particularly military history.\nSeveral of Deighton's works have been adapted for broadcast. Films include The Ipcress File (1965), Funeral in Berlin (1966), Billion Dollar Brain (1967) and Spy Film (1976). In 1988 Granada Television produced the miniseries Game, Set and Match based on his trilogy of the same name, and in 1995 BBC Radio 4 broadcast a \"real time\" dramatisation of the novel.", "Q167160": "Riblja \u010corba (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0420\u0438\u0431\u0459\u0430 \u0427\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0430, pronounced [r\u00eeb\u028ea\u02d0 t\u0361\u0283\u0254\u030c\u02d0rba]; translation: litr. Fish Stew) is a Serbian and Yugoslav rock band from Belgrade. The band was one of the most popular and most influential acts of the Yugoslav rock scene.\nRiblja \u010corba was formed in 1978 by vocalist Bora \u0110or\u0111evi\u0107, guitarist Rajko Koji\u0107, bass guitarist Mi\u0161a Aleksi\u0107 and drummer Vicko Milatovi\u0107. Their debut release, the single \"Lutka sa naslovne strane\" (1978), saw huge success and launched them to fame. They were soon joined by guitarist Mom\u010dilo Bajagi\u0107 \"Bajaga\", the new lineup releasing the album Kost u grlu (1979), which was, largely due to \u0110or\u0111evi\u0107's social-related lyrics, a huge commercial and critical success. Their following releases, Pokvarena ma\u0161ta i prljave strasti (1981), Mrtva priroda (1981) and Buvlja pijaca (1982) launched them to the top of the Yugoslav rock scene; \u0110or\u0111evi\u0107's provocative social- and political-related lyrics were praised by the critics and often caused media scandals. In the mid 1980s, the band saw a slight decline in popularity, but made a triumphant comeback with the album Istina (1985), recorded with new guitar duo, Vidoja \"D\u017eind\u017eer\" Bo\u017einovi\u0107 and Nikola \u010cuturilo. Until the end of the decade and breakup of Yugoslavia, the band managed to sustain their popularity, but after the beginning of Yugoslav wars it heavily declined in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, due to \u0110or\u0111evi\u0107's support for Serbian nationalism. However, \u0110or\u0111evi\u0107 also opposed the regime of Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107, demonstrating his attitude on the albums Riblja \u010corba recorded during the 1990s. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the band manages to remain one of the top acts of the Serbian rock scene, although the albums they released during the 2000s and 2010s saw little critical success.\n\n", "Q242416": "Marion Cecilia Davies (born Marion Cecilia Elizabeth Brooklyn Douras; January 3, 1897 \u2013 September 22, 1961) was an American film actress, producer, screenwriter, and philanthropist.\nDavies appeared in several Broadway musicals and one film, Runaway Romany (1917), and then became the mistress of newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst. He then took over management of her career. Hearst financed Davies' pictures and promoted her heavily through his newspapers and Hearst Newsreels. He founded Cosmopolitan Pictures to produce her films. Hearst preferred to see her in historical dramas, but her real talent was in comedy. Today Davies is remembered mainly as Hearst's mistress until his death, and as the hostess of many lavish events for the Hollywood elite. In particular, her name is linked with the 1924 scandal aboard Hearst's yacht when one of his guests, film producer Thomas Ince, died.\nIn the film Citizen Kane (1941), the title character's second wife\u2014an untalented singer whom he tries to promote\u2014was widely assumed to be based on Davies. But many commentators, including Citizen Kane writer/director Orson Welles himself, have defended Davies' record as a gifted actress, to whom Hearst's patronage did more harm than good. She retired from the screen in 1937, choosing to devote herself to Hearst and charitable work.\nIn Hearst's declining years, Davies provided financial as well as emotional support until his death in 1951. She married for the first time eleven weeks after his death, a marriage which lasted until Davies died from complications due to malignant osteomyelitis (cancer of the jaw) in 1961 at the age of 64.", "Q1123533": "John Douglas Surman (born 30 August 1944) is an English jazz saxophone, bass clarinet, and synthesizer player, and composer of free jazz and modal jazz, often using themes from folk music. He has composed and performed music for dance performances and film soundtracks.", "Q96177": "Herta Huber (24 January 1926, Sch\u00f6nbach (present-day Luby (Cheb District), Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic) is a German writer and poet. She is known for writing in the Egerland dialect, originating from what is now part of Bohemia in the Czech Republic. She was awarded several commendations of the Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft for her literary contributions. She resides in Immenstadt.", "Q458615": "Raymond Edward Dorset (born 21 March 1946) is a British guitarist, singer, songwriter and founder of Mungo Jerry.\nHe composed most of the songs for the band, including the hit singles \"In the Summertime\", \"Baby Jump\", \"Lady Rose\", \"You Don't Have to Be in the Army to Fight in the War\", \"Long Legged Woman Dressed in Black\", and \"Hello Nadine\", plus \"Feels Like I'm in Love\", a number one hit single for the disco singer Kelly Marie.", "Q9764": "Flamenco (Spanish pronunciation: [fla\u02c8me\u014bko]), in its strictest sense, is an art form based on the various folkloric music traditions of southern Spain in the autonomous community of Andalusia and Murcia. In a wider sense, the term is used to refer to a variety of Spanish musical styles. The oldest record of flamenco music dates to 1774 in the book Las Cartas Marruecas by Jos\u00e9 Cadalso (Akombo 2016, 240\u2013241). Flamenco has been influenced by and associated with the Romani people in Spain; however, its origin and style are uniquely Andalusian (Hayes 2009, 31\u201337).\nManuel R\u00edos Ruiz notes that the development of flamenco is well documented: \"the theatre movement of sainetes (one-act plays) and tonadillas, popular song books and song sheets, customs, studies of dances, and toques, perfection, newspapers, graphic documents in paintings and engravings....in continuous evolution together with rhythm, the poetic stanzas, and the ambiance\" (R\u00edos Ruiz 1997,).\nNevertheless, the exact origin of flamenco is unknown and the subject of many hypotheses. The most widespread is that flamenco was developed through the cross-cultural interchange between moriscos and gitanos (Romani people of Spain) during the sixteenth century specifically in East Andalusia (Machin-Autenrieth 2015, 29); the Diccionario de la lengua espa\u00f1ola (Dictionary of the Spanish Language) primarily attributes the creation of the style directly to the Spanish Romani (Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola 2019, sense 4).\nFlamenco has become popular all over the world, especially the United States and Japan. In Japan, there are more flamenco academies than there are in Spain (Mendoza 2011, 52). \"In El Salvador the group Alma Flamenca is considered the maximum representative and pioneer of this musical movement\" (Mendoza 2011, 52).\nOn November 16, 2010, UNESCO declared flamenco one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity (Anon. 2010).", "Q286332": "Alt St. Johann is a village in the Toggenburg region, since 2010 part of the municipality Wildhaus-Alt St.Johann in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland (the former municipalities of Alt St. Johann and Wildhaus merged on 1 January 2010).", "Q131326": "Eyvind Johnson (29 July 1900 \u2013 25 August 1976) was a Swedish novelist and short story writer. Regarded as the most groundbreaking novelist in modern Swedish literature he became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1957 and shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with Harry Martinson in 1974 with the citation: for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom.", "Q7749": "Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll, rock 'n' roll, or rock 'n roll) is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s from musical styles such as gospel, jump blues, jazz, boogie woogie, rhythm and blues, and country music. While elements of what was to become rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until 1954.According to journalist Greg Kot, \"rock and roll\" is a style of popular music originating in the U.S. in the 1950s. It is distinguished here from \"the more encompassing international style known as \"rock music\" that developed by the mid-1960s, though the latter also continued to be known as rock and roll.\"In the earliest rock and roll styles, either the piano or saxophone was typically the lead instrument, but these instruments were generally replaced or supplemented by guitar in the middle to late 1950s. The beat is essentially a dance rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, which is almost always provided by a snare drum. Classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars (one lead, one rhythm), a double bass (string bass) or after the mid-1950s an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit.Beyond just a musical style, rock and roll, as depicted in movies, in fan magazines, and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. Rock and roll may have contributed to the civil rights movement because both African American and White American teenagers enjoyed the music.", "Q5254592": "Delta Chi (\u0394\u03a7) is an international Greek letter collegiate social fraternity formed on October 13, 1890, at Cornell University, initially as a professional fraternity for law students. On April 30, 1922, Delta Chi became a general membership social fraternity, eliminating the requirement for men to be studying law, and opening membership to all areas of study. Delta Chi became one of the first international fraternities to abolish \"hell week\", when it did so on April 22, 1929. Delta Chi is a charter member of the North American Interfraternity Conference (NIC). As of Fall 2019, Delta Chi has initiated over 116,000 members at over 110 Chapters and Colonies, with 34 Alumni Chapters. Its headquarters is in Indianapolis, Indiana.", "Q128677": "Sir Mackenzie Bowell (; December 27, 1823 \u2013 December 10, 1917) was a Canadian newspaper publisher and politician, who served as the fifth prime minister of Canada, in office from 1894 to 1896.\nBowell was born in Rickinghall, Suffolk, England. He and his family moved to Belleville, Ontario, in 1832. His mother died two years after their arrival. When in his early teens, Bowell was apprenticed to the printing shop of the local newspaper, the Belleville Intelligencer, and some 15 years later, became its owner and proprietor.\nIn 1867, following Confederation, he was elected to the House of Commons for the Conservative Party. Bowell entered cabinet in 1878, and would serve under three prime ministers: John A. Macdonald, John Abbott, and John Thompson. He served variously as Minister of Customs (1878\u20131892), Minister of Militia and Defence (1892), and Minister of Trade and Commerce (1892\u20131894). Bowell kept his Commons seat continuously for 25 years, through a period of Liberal Party rule in the 1870s. In 1892, Bowell was appointed to the Senate. He became Leader of the Government in the Senate the following year.\nIn December 1894, Prime Minister Thompson unexpectedly died in office, aged only 49. The Earl of Aberdeen, Canada's governor general, appointed Bowell to replace Thompson as prime minister, due to his status as the most senior cabinet member. The main problem of Bowell's tenure as prime minister was the Manitoba Schools Question. His attempts at compromise alienated members of his own party, and following a Cabinet revolt in early 1896 he was forced to resign in favour of Charles Tupper. Bowell stayed on as a senator until his death at the age of 93, but never again held ministerial office; he served continuously as a Canadian parliamentarian for 50 years.\n\n", "Q107694": "Richard Donnevert (2 August 1896 in Mainz \u2013 27 January 1970 in Wiesbaden) was a German Nazi Party politician.\nDonnevert studied medicine at the University of G\u00f6ttingen and submitted his doctoral thesis in 1922. A dentist by profession Donnevert held a number of party administration posts in the early 1930s whilst also sering as a member of the Schutzstaffel, reaching the rank of Oberf\u00fchrer.Donnevert worked in the office of the Deputy F\u00fchrer until in 1940 when he was sent by Rudolf Hess and Martin Bormann to serve as deputy Gauleiter in the Sudetenland with specific instructions to control his new superior Konrad Henlein. Henlein was aware of Donnevert's intrigues against him and was able to engineer his deputy's removal from office. Donnevert remained on the pay-roll of the SS after this, albeit with little of real purpose to do, and he retreated into alcoholism.", "Q1355409": "Joey Murcia Jr (born April 25, 1979), known professionally as Giuseppe Andrews is an American film actor, writer, and director known for his roles as Lex in the 1999 film Detroit Rock City, a bizarre sheriff's deputy in Cabin Fever (2002), a small role in Never Been Kissed (1999), as well as appearances in The Smashing Pumpkins videos \"1979\" and \"Perfect\".\nAndrews has been involved in writing, directing, scoring, editing, shooting and producing a number of avant-garde films, and has directed several experimental independent movies.", "Q732474": "Harvey Kurtzman (; October 3, 1924 \u2013 February 21, 1993) was an American cartoonist and editor. His best-known work includes writing and editing the parodic comic book Mad from 1952 until 1956, and illustrating the Little Annie Fanny strips in Playboy from 1962 until 1988. His work is noted for its satire and parody of popular culture, social critique, and attention to detail. Kurtzman's working method has been likened to that of an auteur, and he expected those who illustrated his stories to follow his layouts strictly.\nKurtzman began to work on the New Trend line of comic books at EC Comics in 1950. He wrote and edited the Two-Fisted Tales and Frontline Combat war comic books, where he also drew many of the carefully researched stories, before he created his most-remembered comic book, Mad, in 1952. Kurtzman scripted the stories and had them drawn by top EC cartoonists, most frequently Will Elder, Wally Wood, and Jack Davis; the early Mad was noted for its social critique and parodies of pop culture. The comic book switched to a magazine format in 1955, and Kurtzman left it in 1956 over a dispute with EC's owner William Gaines over financial control. Following his departure, he did a variety of cartooning work, including editing the short-lived Trump and the self-published Humbug. In 1959, he produced the first book-length work of original comics, the adult-oriented, satirical Jungle Book. He edited the low-budget Help! from 1960 to 1965, a humor magazine which featured work by future Monty Python member Terry Gilliam and the earliest work of underground cartoonists such as Robert Crumb and Gilbert Shelton. He brought Help! to an end after the success of the risqu\u00e9 Playboy feature Little Annie Fanny began to take up his time. While Annie Fanny provided much of his income for the rest of his career, he continued to produce an eclectic body of work, including screenwriting the animated Mad Monster Party? in 1967 and directing, writing and designing several shorts for Sesame Street in 1969.\nFrom 1973, Kurtzman taught cartooning at the School of Visual Arts in New York. His work gained greater recognition toward the end of his life, and he oversaw deluxe reprintings of much of his work. The Harvey Award was named in Kurtzman's honor in 1988. He was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1989, and his work earned five positions on The Comics Journal's Top 100 Comics of the 20th Century.", "Q254274": "Mahmoud el-Meliguy (Egyptian Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u200e, Ma\u1e25mo\u016bd el-Meleyg\u012b; 22 December 1910 \u2013 6 June 1983) was an Egyptian screenwriter and an actor of film, theater, and television. He started his career playing minor roles, but achieved stardom in the late 1930s. A popular and award-winning actor, he has acted in hundreds of films and was famous for his evil, villain roles.", "Q109861": "Conny Czymoch is a German journalist, television moderator, media coach and conference facilitator.", "Q445122": "Adam Resurrected (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05d1\u05df \u05db\u05dc\u05d1\u200e, romanized: Adam Ben Kelev) is a 2008 American\u2013German\u2013Israeli drama/dark comedy film, directed by Paul Schrader and adapted from Yoram Kaniuk's novel of the same name published in Israel in 1968 (the book's original name literally means \"Adam, son of a dog\").\nJeff Goldblum stars as the title character, alongside Willem Dafoe, Derek Jacobi and Ayelet Zurer. Several major German stars, including Moritz Bleibtreu, Veronica Ferres, Juliane K\u00f6hler and Joachim Kr\u00f3l, play supporting roles.", "Q1063665": "The University of Economics, Prague (Czech: Vysok\u00e1 \u0161kola ekonomick\u00e1 v Praze, V\u0160E, also called Prague School of Economics) is an economics and business-oriented public university located in Prague, Czech Republic. It is the largest university in the field of economics, business and information technology in the Czech Republic, with 15 000 students across its bachelors, masters, doctoral and MBA programmes.\n\n", "Q19322": "Johnny Stecchino is an Italian comedy film directed by and starring Roberto Benigni in dual roles. This film is one of Benigni's many collaborations with co-star and wife, Nicoletta Braschi. During its release in 1991, it was the highest-grossing film in Italy.\nThis film follows the life of Dante, a quirky school bus driver (Benigni) for students with Down syndrome, who bears a striking resemblance to Johnny Stecchino, an Italian mafioso who is wanted by Sicilian mobsters for treason and murder. The film's plot begins to unravel when Dante meets Maria, the wife of Stecchino, who begins her plan into tricking mobsters to kill Dante thinking he is Stecchino. The film takes several unexpected twists when Maria begins to fall for Dante, and it becomes clear that Dante cannot possibly be the cold blooded killer, Johnny Stecchino.\nThe U.S. version released in theaters and on VHS is about 20 minutes shorter that the full Italian version. It trims several conversations including the final scene with Lillo sniffing cocaine.", "Q628": "Bergamo (, also UK: ; Italian: [\u02c8b\u025br\u0261amo] (listen); Eastern Lombard: B\u00e8rghem [\u02c8b\u025br\u0261\u025bm] (listen); Latin: Berg\u014fmum) is a city in the alpine Lombardy region of northern Italy, approximately 40 km (25 mi) northeast of Milan, and approximately 30 km (19 mi) from Switzerland, the alpine lakes Como and Iseo, and 70 km (43 mi) from Garda and Maggiore. The Bergamo Alps (Alpi Orobie) begin immediately north of the city.\nWith a population of approximately 122,000, Bergamo is the fourth-largest city in Lombardy. Bergamo is the seat of the Province of Bergamo. The metropolitan area of Bergamo extends beyond the administrative city limits, spanning over a densely urbanized area with slightly fewer than 500,000 inhabitants. The Bergamo metropolitan area is part of the broader Milan metropolitan area, home to more than eight million people.The city of Bergamo is composed of an old walled core, known as Citt\u00e0 Alta (\"Upper Town\"), nestled within a system of hills constituting a regional park, and the modern expansion in the plains below. The upper town is encircled by massive Venetian defensive systems that are a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 9 July 2017.Bergamo is well connected to several cities in Italy, thanks to the motorway A4 stretching on the axis between Turin, Milan, Verona, Venice, and Trieste. The city is served by Il Caravaggio International Airport, the third-busiest airport in Italy with 13.9 million passengers in 2019. Bergamo is the second most visited city in Lombardy after Milan.", "Q1787960": "Alfredo Maria Adriano d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay (February 22, 1843 \u2013 January 25, 1899), was a French Brazilian writer, musician, professor, military engineer, historian, politician, sociologist and nobleman. He is famous for the Regionalist novel Inoc\u00eancia, considered a major forerunner of Naturalism in Brazil, and for A Retirada da Laguna (1874; originally written in 1872 in French as Le retraite de Laguna), an account of an episode in the war against Paraguay. The Brazilianist Leslie Bethell has described it as \"the one undoubted literary masterpiece produced by the Paraguayan War\".He founded and occupied the 13th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1897 until his death in 1899.\n\n", "Q16011": "Spandau Ballet were an English new wave band formed in Islington, London, in 1979. Inspired by the capital's post-punk underground dance scene, they emerged at the start of the 1980s as the house band for the Blitz Kids, playing \"White European Dance Music\" as \"The Applause\" for this new club culture's audience. They became one of the most successful groups of the New Romantic era of British pop and were part of the Second British Invasion of the Billboard Top 40 in the 1980s, selling 25 million albums and having 23 hit singles worldwide. The band have had eight UK top 10 albums, including three greatest hits compilations and an album of re-recorded material. Their musical influences ranged from punk rock and soul music to the American crooners Frank Sinatra and Tony Bennett.The band's classic line-up featured Gary Kemp on guitar, synthesiser and backing vocals, his brother Martin Kemp on bass, vocalist Tony Hadley, saxophonist Steve Norman and drummer John Keeble. Gary Kemp was also the band's songwriter. Their debut single, \"To Cut a Long Story Short\", reached No.5 in the UK in 1980. It was the first of ten UK Top 10 singles. The band peaked in popularity in 1983 with the album True, with its title track reaching No.1 in the UK and the top five in the US. In 2011, it received a BMI award as one of the most played songs in US history with four million airplays. In 1984, they received a Brit Award for technical excellence and were the first act to be approached by Bob Geldof to join the original Band Aid line-up. In 1985, they performed at the Live Aid benefit concert at Wembley Stadium.\nIn 1990, the band played their last live show before a 19-year absence. In 1999, Hadley, Norman and Keeble launched an unsuccessful case in the High Court against Gary Kemp and his Reformation Publishing Company for a share of the band's songwriting royalties. Spandau Ballet reformed in 2009 for The Reformation Tour, a sell-out \u201cgreatest hits\u201d world tour. In 2014, their archive-only feature-length documentary biopic, Soul Boys of the Western World, was world premiered at SXSW Film Festival in Austin, Texas. It was officially screened at the Rome, Ghent and NYC Doc film festivals and received its European premiere at the Royal Albert Hall, London.\nIn 2017, Hadley announced his departure from Spandau Ballet. A year later, the band announced singer and actor Ross William Wild as their new frontman for a series of European live dates and a one-off show at Eventim's Hammersmith Apollo. Suddenly in May 2019, Wild tweeted that he had quit the band \u201cto pursue my own music with my band Mercutio\u201d, while Spandau bass player Martin Kemp confirmed there were no further plans for Spandau to tour.", "Q50044": "Sandra Kay Fluke (, born April 17, 1981) is an American lawyer and women's rights activist.She first came to public attention when, in February 2012, Republican members of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee refused to allow her to testify to that committee on the importance of requiring insurance plans to cover birth control during a discussion on whether medical insurance should have a contraception mandate. She later spoke to Democratic representatives.\nFluke supported President Barack Obama's re-election campaign in 2012 and was a featured speaker at the 2012 Democratic National Convention. She ran for the California State Senate seat of Ted Lieu, who vacated the seat to run for the Congressional seat being vacated by Henry Waxman, but lost to fellow Democrat Ben Allen.\n\n", "Q312553": "Nathuram Vinayak Godse (19 May 1910 \u2013 15 November 1949) was the assassin of Mahatma Gandhi, who shot Gandhi in the chest three times at point blank range in New Delhi on 30 January 1948. Godse, an advocate of Hindu nationalism, from Pune, Maharashtra, who believed Gandhi to have favored the political demands of India's Muslims during the partition of India, plotted the assassination with Narayan Apte and six others. After a trial that lasted over a year, Godse was sentenced to death on 8 November, 1949. Although pleas for commutation were made by Gandhi's two sons, Manilal Gandhi and Ramdas Gandhi, they were turned down by India's prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru, deputy prime minister Vallabhbhai Patel, and the Governor-General C. Rajagopalachari. Godse was hanged in the Ambala Central Jail on 15 November 1949.", "Q216047": "Le Figaro (French pronunciation: \u200b[l\u0259 fi\u0261a\u0281o]) is a French daily morning newspaper founded in 1826 and published in Paris. Le Figaro is the oldest national daily in France and is one of the three French newspapers of record, along with Le Monde and Lib\u00e9ration.With its conservative, right editorial line, Le Figaro is the largest national newspaper in France, ahead of Le Parisien and Le Monde. In 2019, the paper had an average circulation of 321 116 copies per issue. The paper is published in the berliner format.\nThe newspaper has been owned by arms-producer Dassault Group since 2004 whose publications include TV Magazine and Evene.", "Q455331": "Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover (Hanover University of Music, Drama and Media) (HMTMH) is an artistic-scientific university in Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany. It dates back to 1897. From 1962 until 2010 it was named Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater Hannover (University of Music and Drama Hanover), short: Musikhochschule Hannover. Since 2010, the president is Susanne Rode-Breymann. \nAs of 2013, the university has approximately 1,443 students, taught by 361 teachers in 33 courses for musicians, actors, music teachers, musicologists and media scholars.", "Q546359": "Doo-wop is a genre of rhythm and blues music originated in the 1940s by African-American youth, mainly in the large cities of the United States, including New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Baltimore, Newark, Detroit, and Washington, DC. It features vocal group harmony that carries an engaging melodic line to a simple beat with little or no instrumentation. Lyrics are simple, usually about love, sung by a lead vocal over background vocals of repeated nonsense syllables, and often featuring, in the bridge, a melodramatically heartfelt recitative addressed to the beloved. Gaining popularity in the 1950s, doo-wop enjoyed its peak successes in the early 1960s, but continued to influence performers in other genres.", "Q181383": "Mahathir bin Mohamad (Jawi: \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u200e, IPA: [ma\u02c8ha\u00f0\u026ar b\u026an mo\u02c8hamad]; born 10 July 1925) is a Malaysian politician who served as the prime minister of Malaysia from 1981 to 2003 and 2018 to 2020. He is a member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the Langkawi constituency in the state of Kedah. Mahathir's political career has spanned more than 70 years starting with his participation in protests against non-Malays gaining Malaysian citizenship during the Malayan Union through to forming his own party, the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (PPBM), in 2016.\nBorn and raised in Alor Setar, Kedah, Mahathir excelled at school and became a physician. He became active in the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) before entering parliament in 1964. He served one term before losing his seat, subsequently falling out with Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman and being expelled from UMNO. When Abdul Rahman resigned, Mahathir re-entered UMNO and parliament, and was promoted to the Cabinet. By 1977, he had risen to deputy prime minister. In 1981, he was sworn in as prime minister after the resignation of his predecessor, Hussein Onn.\nDuring Mahathir's first tenure as prime minister, Malaysia experienced a period of rapid modernization and economic growth, and his government initiated a series of bold infrastructure projects. Mahathir was a dominant political figure, winning five consecutive general elections and fending off a series of rivals for the leadership of UMNO. However, his accumulation of power came at the expense of the independence of the judiciary and the traditional powers and privileges of Malaysia's royalty. He used the controversial Internal Security Act to detain activists, non-mainstream religious figures, and political opponents, including the deputy prime minister whom he fired in 1998, Anwar Ibrahim. Mahathir's record of curbing civil liberties and his antagonism towards western interests and economic policy made his relationships with western nations difficult. As prime minister, he was an advocate of third-world development and a prominent international activist.\nAfter leaving office, Mahathir became a strident critic of his hand-picked successor Abdullah Ahmad Badawi and later Najib Razak. In 2016, Mahathir quit UMNO in light of its support for the actions of Prime Minister Najib, in spite of the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal. Later that year, the Malaysian United Indigenous Party was officially registered as a political party, with Mahathir as chairman. In 2018, Mahathir was announced as the Pakatan Harapan coalition candidate for prime minister for the 2018 general election, in a plan to pardon Anwar Ibrahim and hand a role to him if the campaign was successful. Following a decisive victory for Pakatan Harapan in the 2018 election, Mahathir was sworn in as prime minister. He was the first prime minister not to represent the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition (or its predecessor, the Alliance Party) and also the first to serve from two different parties and on non-consecutive terms. At the time of his resignation in 2020, he was the oldest currently-serving state leader.", "Q434903": "G\u00fclben Ergen (pronounced [\u02c8\u025fylb\u00e6n \u02c8\u00e6\u027e\u025f\u00e6n]; born 25 August 1972) is a Turkish singer and actress.\nErgen started her career as an artist, and later decided to enter the music industry. She started her music career as a headliner. In 2001, for her role as Melek in the TV series Dad\u0131 she won the award for Best Actress at the Golden Butterfly Awards. In 2002, the lead single from her album Sade ve Sadece was awarded the Best Composition of the Year at the Turkey Music Awards. In 2004 Ergen's album U\u00e7acaks\u0131n sold 600,000 copies and received a diamond certification from M\u00fc-Yap. In 2009, Ergen and O\u011fuzhan Ko\u00e7 released the song \"Giden G\u00fcnlerim Oldu\" which became a number-one hit on T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Top 20.As of 2015, her albums have sold 2 million copies in total.", "Q61299": "Zinaida Grecean\u00eei (born 7 February 1956;) is a Moldovan politician. She is currently Speaker of the Parliament of Moldova since 8 June 2019. Grecean\u00eei was previously also the Prime Minister of Moldova from 31 March 2008 to 14 September 2009. She is the leader of the Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova (PSRM) and was previously a member of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM). She was Moldova's first female Prime Minister and was the second female Communist head of government in Europe, the first having been Premier Milka Planinc of Yugoslavia.", "Q463683": "Karel Roden (born 18 May 1962) is a Czech actor, popularly known for his roles in Hellboy and The Bourne Supremacy, and his voice work in Grand Theft Auto IV.", "Q472956": "Juan Luis Cebri\u00e1n Echarri (born 30 October 1944) is a Spanish journalist and businessman, the co-founder of El Pa\u00eds, and CEO of Prisa, a Spanish media conglomerate.\nCebri\u00e1n was born in Madrid in 1944. He studied philosophy at the Universidad Complutense, and earned a bachelor's degree from the Escuela Oficial de Periodismo.He has been editor-in-chief of the Spanish daily newspaper El Pa\u00eds since 1976. Cebri\u00e1n was elected to Seat V of the Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola in December 1996, and took up his seat in May 1997.He was chairman of Prisa from 2012 to 2017. Cebrian is vice president of the Asociaci\u00f3n de Medios de Informaci\u00f3n (AMI), chaired by Javier Moll, since May 2017.Cebri\u00e1n left all his executive positions in PRISA on May 21, 2018. The Presidency of El Pa\u00eds was left to Manuel Mirat, and Cebri\u00e1n was named Honorary President of El Pa\u00eds. Cebri\u00e1n has been considered by various international media as one of the ten most influential Spaniards in Spain and Latin America for 44 years (from 1976 to 2019). He was one of the founding members of the political magazine Cuadernos para el Dialogo and has worked as a senior worker and deputy editor of Pueblo and Informaciones de Madrid,a daily newspaper in which he worked with during the time periods of 1963 to 1975. He managed the news service Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola as well as being the founding editor of the daily newspaper El Pa\u00eds, in which he edited between 1976 to 1988. He was the chairman of the International Press Institute (I.P.I) between 1986 to 1988.\nHe is the only Hispanic academic member of the Bilderberg Club and the only Spanish-speaking member with executive functions in that organization.\nBetween 1980 and 2016 Cebri\u00e1n has published 19 books in Spanish consisting of fiction and essay based writing, including the first part of his memoirs.\nCebri\u00e1n has been named in the Panama Papers.", "Q67830": "M\u00f6tschwil is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q269693": "June Anderson (born December 30, 1952) is a Grammy Award-winning American dramatic coloratura soprano. Originally known for bel canto performances of Rossini, Donizetti, and Vincenzo Bellini, she was the first non-Italian ever to win the prestigious Bellini d'Oro prize.Subsequently, she has extended her repertoire to include a wide variety of other roles, including those from the Russian repertoire and works by Richard Strauss. In 2008, Anderson was elevated to \"Commandeur\" of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Government and in 2007 received a \"Victoire d'honneur\" at the \"Victoires de la Musique Classique\" in Paris.Anderson has performed in noted opera houses including La Scala, Covent Garden, La Fenice, Metropolitan Opera, San Francisco Opera, Lyric Opera of Chicago and Col\u00f3n Theater. She has collaborated with conductors Leonard Bernstein, James Levine, Charles Dutoit, Zubin Mehta, Riccardo Muti, Seiji Ozawa, Giuseppe Sinopoli, Kent Nagano and Michael Tilson Thomas.", "Q389773": "Hour of the Gun is a 1967 Western film depicting Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday during their 1881 battles against Ike Clanton and his brothers in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, and the gunfight's aftermath in and around Tombstone, Arizona, starring James Garner as Earp, Jason Robards as Holliday, and Robert Ryan as Clanton. The film was directed by John Sturges.\nSturges had previously directed a fictionalized version of the same events in the film Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957) starring Burt Lancaster and Kirk Douglas but Hour of the Gun attempts more historical accuracy than most motion picture accounts of the events and is based on the non-fiction book Tombstone's Epitaph by Douglas D. Martin, with a screenplay by Edward Anhalt. In Hour of the Gun Ike Clanton is shown, correctly, to have survived the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, whereas previous films had him killed at the gunfight. During the film's opening title and credits sequence, an onscreen title appears last: \"This picture is based on Fact. This is the way it happened.\"", "Q164469": "No\u00ebl Mathieu (3 May 1916, Gan, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques \u2013 24 September 1984, Paris) better known under his pseudonym Pierre Emmanuel, was a French poet of Christian inspiration. He was the third member elected to occupy seat 4 of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1968, president of PEN International between 1969 and 1971, president of French PEN Club between 1973 and 1976, and the first president of the French Institut national de l'audiovisuel in 1975.", "Q78910": "Anton Hans Sark\u00f6zi as Tony Wegas (born 3 May 1965 in Obersch\u00fctzen) is an Austrian singer and television actor.\nWegas participated in \"Ein Lied f\u00fcr Rom\", the Austrian heat of the Eurovision Song Contest in 1991 with the song \"Wunder dieser Welt\". The song was placed second but Wegas was invited to represent Austria in 1992. He performed \"Zusammen geh'n\" in Malm\u00f6 and despite being one of the favourites to win, could only manage tenth place. Austrian television decided to give him another chance in 1993 and he performed all of the songs in the national selection contest, \"Veni Vidi Wegas\". The winning song, \"Maria Magdalena\" came a disappointing fourteenth in Millstreet.\nIn 1993 he appeared in the Austrian set comedy series Hochw\u00fcrden erbt das Paradies.\nIn the following years Tony had major problems with alcohol and other drugs. In 2000 he wrote a book about his addiction.\n\n", "Q558167": "Jean-Baptiste Labat (sometimes called, simply, P\u00e8re Labat) (1663 \u2013 6 January 1738) was a French clergyman, botanist, writer, explorer, ethnographer, soldier, engineer, and landowner.", "Q267866": "Little Nicky is a 2000 American fantasy comedy film directed by Steven Brill. It stars Adam Sandler as Nicky Schear, one of Satan's three sons as he attempts to save his father and prevent his brothers from taking over Earth.\nThe film was a financial failure and received negative reviews from critics.", "Q49273": "Lubbock ( LUB-\u0259k)\nis the 11th-most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and the county seat of Lubbock County. With a population of 255,885 in 2018, the city is also the 84th-most populous in the United States. The city is in the northwestern part of the state, a region known historically and geographically as the Llano Estacado, and ecologically is part of the southern end of the High Plains, lying at the economic center of the Lubbock metropolitan area, which has a projected 2020 population of 327,424.Lubbock's nickname, \"Hub City\", derives from it being the economic, educational, and health-care hub of the multicounty region, north of the Permian Basin and south of the Texas Panhandle, commonly called the South Plains. The area is the largest contiguous cotton-growing region in the world and is heavily dependent on water from the Ogallala Aquifer for irrigation. CNNMoney.com selected Lubbock as the 12th-best place to start a small business. CNN mentioned the city's traditional business atmosphere: low rent for commercial space, central location, and cooperative city government. Lubbock is home to Texas Tech University, the sixth-largest college by enrollment in the state. Lubbock High School has been recognized for three consecutive years by Newsweek as one of the top high schools in the United States, based in part on its international baccalaureate program.", "Q511567": "Philip Giebler (born March 5, 1979 in Oxnard, California) is an American race car driver.\nGiebler was considered a top American prospect with an opportunity to race in Formula One early in his career. Following years in various Formula Three ranks, Giebler ran in Formula 3000 in 2003 half the season putting up a number of good results. He returned stateside in 2004 running in the Infiniti Pro Series and Toyota Atlantic, capturing a win in his IPS debut at Homestead-Miami Speedway, before being named as one of A1 Grand Prix A1 Team USA's drivers. He competed in the 2005-2006 season, and the early part of the 2006-2007 season before being replaced by Jonathan Summerton.\nDriving for Playa Del Racing, he qualified for the last starting position and was one of two rookie drivers (Milka Duno being the other) to race in the 2007 Indianapolis 500, but crashed and finished 29th. Despite this, he was the recipient of the Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the Year award for 2007. For 2008, he unsuccessfully attempted to qualify for the Indianapolis 500 with the same team, now known as American Dream Motorsports.\n\n", "Q642187": "Jean Anselme Boissel (1 May 1891 \u2013 19 October 1951) was a French architect, journalist, and far right political activist who was convicted of collaboration with Nazi Germany.\nA disabled veteran of World War I, Boissel founded Le Front Franc\u2014 and the Paris-based periodical, Le R\u00e9veil du peuple ([Revival of the People])\u2014 which espoused anti-Masonic, anti-parliamentarian, and \"antijud\u00e9om\u00e9t\u00e8que\" views. Originally sentenced to death after the war, Boissel died in prison.\n\n", "Q3588538": "\u00c9mile Girardeau (12 October 1882 \u2013 7 December 1970) was a French engineer, famous for being the first person to patent the original system of frequencies that is used and known today as radar. He was born in 1882 at Lu\u00e7on, France (the Vend\u00e9e).\nIn his early life he attended the \u00c9cole Polytechnique (Polytechnic School) (1902-1908) and became the Instructor at the \u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es (National School of Bridges and Roads). By 1910, Girardeau established the first radiotelegraphic radio connection in tropical countries with Joseph B\u00e9thenod. The radio connection systems were designed for the Radioelectric French Company.\nIn 1919, Girardeau was promoted to Chevalier of the Legion of Honour for services in war. In 1922, Girardeau set in motion the idea for the creation of a public utility of information and music. Also in 1922, Girardeau helped establish the first private radio station in France, called RADIOLA, which at the end of March 1929 became Radio Paris. In 1931, Girardeau was promoted to Commander of the Legion of Honour.\nIn 1934, Girardeau headed the team which developed the first radar system in France. In 1939, Girardeau built with Maurice Ponte radar installations for the defence of Paris against planes (which were destroyed in June 1940). After the fall of France to Germany, Girardeau created a factory for underground forces of free France.\nIn 1944, Girardeau re-established radio communications in France. In 1945, Girardeau became a member of the Acad\u00e9mie navale. In 1954, Girardeau became a member of the Acad\u00e9mie des sciences morales et politiques. In 1970, Girardeau died in Paris.", "Q71934": "Adolf Ferdinand Wenceslaus Brix (20 February 1798 \u2013 14 February 1870) was a German mathematician and engineer. The unit for specific gravity of liquids, degree Brix (\u00b0Bx), is named after him.\nBrix made a career as a civil servant in professions related to civil engineering, measurements and manufacture (1827 Bauconducteur, 1834 Fabriken-Commisionsrath, 1853 geheimer Regierungsrath) and retired in 1866 (when he was promoted to geheimer Oberregierungsrath). He was director of the Royal Prussian Commission for Measurements, member of a technical committee in the Ministry of Trade, and the technical building committee. He was also a teacher of applied mathematics at Gewerbeinstitut zu Berlin (1828\u20131850), as well as in higher analysis and applied mathematics at the Bauakademie, both of which are forerunners of the Technical University of Berlin.\nHe participated in many public works in Berlin and Potsdam.", "Q40531": "Marion Michael Morrison (born Marion Robert Morrison; May 26, 1907 \u2013 June 11, 1979), known professionally as John Wayne and nicknamed Duke, was an American actor, director, producer and Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient. He was among the top box office draws for three decades famous for his roles in Western Films.Wayne was born in Winterset, Iowa but grew up in Southern California. He lost a football scholarship to the University of Southern California as a result of a bodysurfing accident, and began working for the Fox Film Corporation. He appeared mostly in small parts, but his first leading role came in Raoul Walsh's Western The Big Trail (1930), an early widescreen film epic which was a box-office failure. Leading roles followed in numerous B movies during the 1930s, most of them also Westerns, without becoming a major name. It was John Ford's Stagecoach (1939) that made him a mainstream star, and he starred in 142 motion pictures altogether. According to one biographer, \"John Wayne personified for millions the nation's frontier heritage.\"Wayne's other roles in Westerns include a cattleman driving his herd on the Chisholm Trail in Red River (1948), a Civil War veteran whose niece is abducted by a tribe of Comanches in The Searchers (1956), a troubled rancher competing with a lawyer (James Stewart) for a woman's hand in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962), and a cantankerous one-eyed marshal in True Grit (1969), for which he received the Academy Award for Best Actor. He is also remembered for his roles in The Quiet Man (1952), Rio Bravo (1959) with Dean Martin, and The Longest Day (1962). In his final screen performance, he starred as an aging gunfighter battling cancer in The Shootist (1976). He appeared with many important Hollywood stars of his era, and made his last public appearance at the Academy Awards ceremony on April 9, 1979.", "Q571293": "The New Sorbonne University (French: Universit\u00e9 de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, also known as Paris III) is a public university in Paris, France. \nIt is one of the inheritors of the faculty of humanities of the old University of Paris, which ceased to exist in 1970.\nParis III offers courses in a wide range of Arts and Humanities subjects, areas in which - according to the 2018 QS World University Rankings - the university is the 71st best worldwide.", "Q924627": "Kjetil Bjerkestrand (born 18 May 1955 in Kristiansund, Norway) is a Norwegian musician (keyboards), composer, arranger and record producer, known as music arranger for artists like Ray Charles, Dee Dee Bridgewater, Keith Emerson, Ian Hunter, Jon Lord, Ute Lemper and a-ha. As a musician, he has participated in recordings with a-ha, Ray Charles, Ute Lemper, Ian Hunter, Dance with a Stranger, DumDum Boys, Jonas Fjeld Band, Marius M\u00fcller, TNT, Arve Tellefsen, Bobbysocks, Bj\u00f8rn Eidsv\u00e5g, Carola H\u00e4ggkvist and Dee Dee Bridgewater.", "Q1086831": "Christopher Maltman is a British operatic baritone.\nMaltman grew up in Lincolnshire, attending King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth, and studied music at the Royal Academy of Music. In 1994 he won the Great Elm Festival Vocal Award (now the Maureen Lehane Vocal Awards). During The Royal Opera 2013/14 season, he played both Count Almaviva in Le nozze di Figaro and Lescaut in Puccini's Manon Lescaut.", "Q465594": "Helen Joy Davidman (18 April 1915 \u2013 13 July 1960) was an American poet and writer. Often referred to as a child prodigy, she earned a master's degree from Columbia University in English literature at age twenty in 1935. For her book of poems, Letter to a Comrade, she won the Yale Series of Younger Poets Competition in 1938 and the Russell Loines Award for Poetry in 1939. She was the author of several books, including two novels.\nWhile an atheist and after becoming a member of the American Communist Party, she met and married her first husband and father of her two sons, William Lindsay Gresham, in 1942. After a troubled marriage, and following her conversion to Christianity, they divorced and she left America to travel to England with her sons.\nDavidman published her best known work, Smoke on the Mountain: An Interpretation of the Ten Commandments, in 1954 with a preface by C. S. Lewis. Lewis influenced her work and conversion, and became her second husband after her permanent relocation to England in 1956. She died from metastatic carcinoma involving the bones in 1960.\nThe relationship that developed between Davidman and Lewis has been featured in a television BBC film, a stage play, and a theatrical film named Shadowlands. Lewis published A Grief Observed under a pseudonym in 1961, from notebooks he kept after his wife's death revealing his immense grief and a period of questioning God. Lewis ultimately comes to a place of peace and gratitude for having received and experienced the gift of a true love.", "Q348649": "Harry Shum Jr. (Chinese: \u5c91\u52c7\u5eb7; Cantonese Yale: S\u00e0hm Y\u00fahngh\u014dng; born April 28, 1982) is a Chinese-American actor, singer, dancer, and choreographer. He is best known for his roles as Mike Chang on the Fox television series Glee (2009\u20132015), and as Magnus Bane on the Freeform television series Shadowhunters (2016\u20132019). He was nominated for four Screen Actors Guild Awards for his performance in Glee, winning once and he won the award for The Male TV Star of 2018 in the E! People's Choice Awards for Shadowhunters.\nHe has appeared in the films Step Up 2: The Streets (2008), Step Up 3D (2010), White Frog (2012), Revenge of the Green Dragons (2014), Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny (2016), Crazy Rich Asians (2018), the Hulu web series The Legion of Extraordinary Dancers (2010\u20132011) and the YouTube Red series Single by 30 (2016).\nShum is represented by Paradigm Talent Agency, Triniti Management and Stone Genow.", "Q111948": "Ingrid Fickler (born 27 October 1940 in Zagreb) is a German jurist and politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nShe was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria between 1994 and 2008. From 1993 to 1995 she was a member of the party executive of the CSU.\n\n", "Q732312": "The Gobelins Manufactory (French: Manufacture des Gobelins) is a historic tapestry factory in Paris, France. It is located at 42 avenue des Gobelins, near Les Gobelins m\u00e9tro station in the 13th arrondissement of Paris.", "Q137031": "Crawford Murray MacLehose, Baron MacLehose of Beoch, (Chinese: \u9ea5\u7406\u6d69, 16 October 1917 \u2013 27 May 2000), was a British politician, diplomat and the 25th Governor of Hong Kong, from 1971 to 1982. He was the longest-serving governor of the colony, with four successive terms in office.", "Q64487": "Werner Mathias Goeritz Brunner (4 April 1915, Danzig, German Empire - August 4, 1990, Mexico City) was a well-known Mexican painter and sculptor of German origin. After spending much of the 1940s in North Africa and Spain, Goeritz and his wife, photographer Marianne Gast, immigrated to Mexico in 1949.\n\nMathias Goeritz spent his childhood in Berlin. He began studying philosophy and the history of art at Berlin's Friedrich-Wilhelm-Universit\u00e4t, now known as the Humboldt University of Berlin, in 1934. Goeritz received a doctorate in art history from this institution in 1940. His doctoral dissertation on the nineteenth-century German painter Ferdinand von Rayski was published as Ferdinand Von Rayski und die Kunst des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. During the course of his studies, Goeritz also trained as an artist at the Kunstgewerbe- und Handwerkerschule in Berlin-Charlottenberg (Applied arts and tradesmen's school), where he studied drawing with German artists Max Kaus and Hans Orlowski. Upon completion of his doctorate, Goeritz worked at Berlin\u2019s Nationalgalerie (National Gallery), now the Alte Nationalgalerie, under the supervision of nineteenth-century art specialist Paul Ortwin Rave. In early 1941, in the midst of the Second World War, Goeritz left Germany, settling first in Tetuan, Morocco. He and photographer Marianne Gast married in 1942, and the couple settled in Granada, Spain just after the war ended in 1945.Goeritz's career as a professional artist began with his first solo exhibition at the Librer\u00eda-Galer\u00eda Clan in Madrid in June 1946 under the pseudonym \"Ma-G\u00f3\". The Goeritzs relocated to Madrid in 1947. There, Goeritz developed a close friendship with Spanish sculptor \u00c1ngel Ferrant.\n\nIn the summer of 1948, Goeritz and Ferrant traveled to visit the prehistoric paintings of the Cave of Altamira in the north of Spain, along with writer Ricardo Gull\u00f3n and others. It was then that Goeritz proposed the founding of an Escuela de Altamira (Altamira School), an association of artists and writers who would meet annually near the Cave, in 1948. The Escuela de Altamira would ultimately hold two meetings, in 1949 and 1950.Through the intervention of Mexican architect Ignacio D\u00edaz Morales, Goeritz was offered a job teaching art history to the students of the newly founded Escuela de Arquitectura in Guadalajara, Mexico in 1949. In 1953 he first presented his \"Manifiesto de la Arquitectura Emocional\" (Emotional Architecture Manifesto) at the pre-inauguration of the Museo Experimental El Eco in Mexico City, which he designed in 1952-53. Goeritz also collaborated with Luis Barrag\u00e1n to make monumental abstract sculptures in reinforced concrete during the 1950s, including El animal del Pedregal (The Animal of the Pedregal, 1951) and the Torres de la Ciudad Sat\u00e9lite (Towers of Satellite City, 1957).\nMathias Goeritz exhibited widely in Mexico and beyond throughout his life, and had a significant influence on younger Mexican artists such as Helen Escobedo and Pedro Friedeberg. He died in Mexico City on August 4, 1990.", "Q138302": "Maximus the Greek, also known as Maximos the Greek or Maksim Grek (Greek: \u039c\u03ac\u03be\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, Russian: \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c \u0413\u0440\u0435\u043a, c. 1475\u20121556), was a Greek monk, publicist, writer, scholar, and translator active in Russia. He is also called Maximos the Hagiorite (Greek: \u039c\u03ac\u03be\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u1f09\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2), as well as Maximus the Philosopher. His signature was Maximus Grecus Lakedaimon (i.e., Maximus the Greek of, and originating from, Lakedaimonia) and his family origins were probably from Mystras, a location in Laconia, which was the geographical site of Ancient Sparta in the Peloponnese.", "Q408744": "Falls Church is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,332. The estimated population in 2018 was 14,772. Falls Church is included in the Washington metropolitan area.\nTaking its name from The Falls Church, an 18th-century Church of England (later Episcopal Church) parish, Falls Church gained township status within Fairfax County in 1875. In 1948, it was incorporated as the City of Falls Church, an independent city with county-level governance status although it is not a county.The city's corporate boundaries do not include all of the area historically known as Falls Church; these areas include portions of Seven Corners and other portions of the current Falls Church postal districts of Fairfax County, as well as the area of Arlington County known as East Falls Church, which was part of the town of Falls Church from 1875 to 1936. For statistical purposes, the U.S. Department of Commerce's Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the City of Falls Church with Fairfax City and Fairfax County.\nAt 2.11 square miles, Falls Church is the smallest incorporated municipality in the Commonwealth of Virginia and the smallest county-equivalent municipality in the United States.", "Q6926286": "Moustapha Kassem (born 1959) is a scientist, physician and endocrinologist based in Denmark. He received his medical degree from Kasr-el-Aini Medical School, Cairo University, Egypt (1985) and received his post-graduate training in internal medicine and endocrinology in Denmark and USA. He obtained his PhD degree (1994) and DSc degrees (1998) from Aarhus University, Denmark.He had a post-doctoral fellowship at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA where he worked with professor B. L. Riggs. Moustapha Kassem's research focus is mechanisms of bone formation and stem cell differentiation into skeletal tissues. He combines methodologies of clinical medicine with state-of-the-art technologies of cell and molecular biology. Moustapha Kassem has developed normal and immortalized cell lines for studying human skeletal (mesenchymal) stem cells and their differentiation potential. Moustapha Kassem has also studied aging of bone cells and the effects of donor age on their biological functions. Moustapha Kassem is a co-founder of Stem Cell Treatment Center at Odense University Hospital (OUH), where stem cell therapy is being introduced into clinical practice and PhD graduate school of Stem Cells and Related Technologies.", "Q178726": "Franklin Swift Billings (May 11, 1862 \u2013 January 16, 1935) was an American businessman and politician from Woodstock, Vermont. He served as the 53rd Lieutenant Governor of Vermont from 1923 to 1925 and as the 60th Governor of Vermont from 1925 to 1927.", "Q382140": "Stamen Grigorov (Bulgarian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432) (October 27, 1878 - October 27, 1945) was a prominent Bulgarian physician and microbiologist. He discovered the Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacillus, which is the true cause for the existence of natural yogurt.\n\n", "Q3821445": "George Edwin Mueller (; July 16, 1918 \u2013 October 12, 2015), was an American electrical engineer who was an associate administrator at NASA who headed the Office of Manned Space Flight from September 1963 until December 1969. Hailed as one of NASA's \"most brilliant and fearless managers\", he was instrumental in introducing the all-up testing philosophy for the Saturn V launch vehicle, which ensured the success of the Apollo program in landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth by the end of 1969. Mueller also played a key part in the design of Skylab, and championed the space shuttle's development, which earned him the nickname, \"the father of the space shuttle.\"\nMore recently, Mueller was chairman and chief vehicle architect of the now defunct Kistler Aerospace Corp.", "Q378952": "Kenneth Donald Cameron (born November 29, 1949), (Col, USMC, Ret.), is a retired American naval aviator, test pilot, engineer, U.S. Marine Corps officer, and NASA astronaut.\n\n", "Q2850195": "Anita Zucker (born 1951/1952) is an American billionaire businesswoman and philanthropist. She is the chair at the Hudson's Bay Company. Taking over after her husband's death, she is now the chairperson and chief executive officer (CEO) of The Intertech Group. She is the wealthiest person to reside in the state of South Carolina.", "Q130986": "D. Vit\u00f3rio Maria Francisco de Sousa Coutinho Teixeira de Andrade Barbosa, second Count of Linhares (25 June 1790 \u2013 29 July 1857) was a Portuguese statesman.\n\n", "Q45449": "Gerald Jatzek (born 23 January 1956 in Vienna) is an Austrian author, composer and musician.1980 he was awarded the Liechtenstein Price. 2001 he got the Austrian State Prize for Children's Poetry.", "Q64493": "Hans Leip (22 September 1893 \u2013 6 June 1983), was a German novelist, poet and playwright, best remembered as the lyricist of Lili Marleen.\nLeip was the son of a former sailor and harbour-worker at the port of Hamburg. He was educated there and in 1914 became a teacher in the Hamburg suburb of Rothenburgsort. In 1915 he was called up by the German army and after training in Berlin served on the Eastern front and in the Carpathians. After being wounded in 1917 he was discharged on medical grounds.\nHe first had ambitions as an artist, but then turned to writing, although he illustrated his books himself. In the 1920s he travelled extensively, to Paris, London, Algiers and New York City, among other places. His breakthrough as a novelist was with the success of Godekes Knecht, which was awarded the prize of the K\u00f6lnische Zeitung newspaper. His novels sold well in the years leading up to the outbreak of World War II, while he also wrote plays, short stories, poems, dramas and was also a painter and sculptor.", "Q2729701": "Jean-Louis Richard (17 May 1927 \u2013 3 June 2012) was a French actor, film director and scriptwriter.\n\n", "Q466089": "The American Philosophical Society (APS), founded in 1743 and located in Philadelphia, is an eminent scholarly organization of international reputation that promotes useful knowledge in the sciences and humanities through excellence in scholarly research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and community outreach. Considered the first learned society in the United States, it has played an important role in American cultural and intellectual life for over 270 years.\nThrough research grants, published journals, the American Philosophical Society Museum, an extensive library, and regular meetings, the society continues to advance a variety of disciplines in the humanities and the sciences. Philosophical Hall, now a museum, is located just east of Independence Hall in Independence National Historical Park; it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965.\nLinda Greenhouse, Knight Distinguished Journalist in Residence and Joseph Goldstein Lecturer in Law at Yale Law School, was elected President of the American Philosophical Society in 2017. She was elected to the Society in 2001\nRobert M. Hauser, Vilas Research Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, became Executive Officer of the American Philosophical Society in 2017. He was elected to the Society in 2005.", "Q319374": "Leon Russell (born Claude Russell Bridges; April 2, 1942 \u2013 November 13, 2016) was an American musician and songwriter who was involved with numerous bestselling pop music records during his 60-year career. His genres included pop, country, rock, folk, gospel, bluegrass, rhythm and blues, folk rock, blues rock, surf, standards, and Tulsa Sound.His collaborations rank as some of the most successful in music history, and as a touring musician he performed with hundreds of notable artists. He recorded 33 albums and at least 430 songs. He wrote \"Delta Lady\", recorded by Joe Cocker, and organized and performed with Cocker's Mad Dogs and Englishmen tour in 1970. His \"A Song for You\", added to the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2018, has been recorded by more than 200 artists, and his \"This Masquerade\" by more than 75.As a pianist, he played in his early years on albums by The Beach Boys, Dick Dale and Jan and Dean. On his first album, Leon Russell, in 1970, the musicians included Eric Clapton, Ringo Starr, and George Harrison. One of his biggest early fans, Elton John, said Russell was a \"mentor\" and an \"inspiration\". They recorded their album The Union in 2010, which earned them a Grammy nomination.Russell produced and played in recording sessions for, among others Bob Dylan, Frank Sinatra, Ike & Tina Turner, and The Rolling Stones. He wrote and recorded the hits \"Tight Rope\" and \"Lady Blue\". He performed at The Concert for Bangladesh in 1971 along with Harrison, Dylan, and Clapton, for which he earned a Grammy Award.\nHis recordings earned six gold records. He received two Grammy awards from seven nominations. In 2011, he was inducted into both the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Songwriters Hall of Fame.", "Q336397": "Robert McCredie May, Baron May of Oxford, HonFAIB (born 8 January 1936) is an Australian scientist who was formerly Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government, President of the Royal Society, and a professor at the University of Sydney and Princeton University. He now holds joint professorships in University of Oxford and Imperial College London. He was also a crossbench member of the House of Lords from 2001 until his retirement in 2017.\nMay is a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and an appointed member of the council of the British Science Association. He is also a member of the advisory council for the Campaign for Science and Engineering.", "Q348885": "Adam Brooks (born September 3, 1956) is a Canadian film director, screenwriter, and actor. He is best known for writing and directing Definitely, Maybe (2008) and for writing screenplays for French Kiss (1995), Wimbledon (2004), and Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (2004). His first film as a writer-director Almost You won the Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival in 1985.Brooks served as a council member of the Writers Guild of America East and is currently on the board of the Writer's Guild of America East Foundation. He also teaches film at the Columbia University Graduate School of the Arts. Brooks lives in New York City.", "Q96605": "Thomas H\u00e4ndel (born 27 August 1953) is a German politician and Member of the European Parliament from Germany. He is a member of The Left, part of the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left. He was appointed Chair of the European Parliament Employment and Social Affairs Committee in July 2014.H\u00e4ndel began training as an electrician at Grundig in F\u00fcrth in 1970, which is also when he joined the IG Metall trade union. He subsequently attended the academy of work at Goethe University Frankfurt, after which he advanced through IG Metall, becoming the managing director of the F\u00fcrth branch in 1987 and a member of the national advisory board in 1991.In March 2004, along with Klaus Ernst, Anny Heike, Gerd Lobodda, G\u00fcnther Schachner, Herbert Schui and Peter Vetter, H\u00e4ndel called for the creation of the Initiative Arbeit und soziale Gerechtigkeit, a group opposed to the neoliberal policies of the Social Democratic Party of Germany Government. By June the group had been expelled from the party and had merged with another organisation, Wahlalternative, to form Labour and Social Justice \u2013 The Electoral Alternative, or the WASG. H\u00e4ndel was one of the party's four executive board members and acted as treasurer. After the merger of the WASG and the Party of Democratic Socialism to form the Left party in 2007, H\u00e4ndel became vice-chairman of the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation. He was elected to the European Parliament in 2009.", "Q606909": "Frank Hershey (1907\u20131997) was an American automobile designer and student of General Motors Vice President of Design Harley Earl, widely known for his 1932 Peerless V-16 prototype, 1949 Cadillac tailfins and the 1955 Ford Thunderbird.\nBorn Franklin Quick Hershey in Michigan, and raised in Beverly Hills and La Puente, California, Hershey began his career at Murphy Coach Works of Pasadena, California under the guidance of Frank Spring. While at Murphy, Hershey was assigned the task of designing the 1932 Peerless X-D V-16 prototype.\nFrom Murphy, Hershey went to work for GM where he focused on the 1933 Pontiac; in designing the 1935 Pontiac, Hershey introduced the silver streak design theme that the make would continue until 1956. He also was assigned to GM's Opel design offices in Germany in 1936, and GM's Holden make in Australia.\nAfter leaving GM, Hershey set up his own design firm. Harley Earl attempted to lure Hershey back to GM; Hershey chose not to return only to learn years later that had he returned he would have been Earl's first choice to replace him as GM's Vice President of Design.\nAfter several years with Packard, Hershey went to Ford where he designed the 1953-1957 full sized Fords. According to an interview given by Hershey to James W. Howell in 1995, George Walker had been hired as the public face of Ford design. Hershey designed the landmark Ford Thunderbird, and admitted so in a 1954 interview, which created friction between Walker and Hershey.After leaving Ford, Hershey also worked for Kaiser Aluminum and Rite Autotronics, heading design effort in both companies.\nHershey attended Occidental College where he majored in forestry. Hershey served in the Navy during World War II. He was married and the father of two children.\nFrank Hershey died in California on October 20, 1997.", "Q337089": "Peter Kenneth Frampton (born 22 April 1950) is an English-American rock musician, singer, songwriter, producer, and guitarist. He was previously associated with the bands Humble Pie and the Herd. After the end of his 'group' career, as a solo artist, Frampton released several albums including his international breakthrough album, the live release Frampton Comes Alive!. The album sold more than 8 million copies in the United States and spawned several hit singles. Since then he has released several other albums. He has also worked with Ringo Starr, the Who's John Entwistle, David Bowie and both Matt Cameron and Mike McCready from Pearl Jam, among others.\nFrampton is best known for such hits as \"Breaking All the Rules\", \"Show Me the Way\", \"Baby, I Love Your Way\", \"Do You Feel Like We Do\", and \"I'm in You\", which remain staples on classic rock radio. He has also appeared as himself in television shows such as The Simpsons, Family Guy, and Madam Secretary. Frampton is known for his work as a guitar player, particularly with a talk box and his voice.", "Q558615": "Manuel Carneiro de Sousa Bandeira Filho (Recife, Pernambuco, April 19, 1886 \u2013 Rio de Janeiro, October 13, 1968) was a Brazilian poet, literary critic, and translator.", "Q230094": "The 4th arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille.", "Q1379849": "The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Finnish: Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko; Swedish: Evangelisk-lutherska kyrkan i Finland) is a national church of Finland. It is part of the Lutheran branch of Christianity.", "Q49267": "Henderson is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States, about 16 miles (26 km) southeast of Las Vegas. It is the second largest city in Nevada, after Las Vegas, with an estimated population of 310,390 in 2018. The city is part of the Las Vegas metropolitan area, which spans the entire Las Vegas Valley. Henderson occupies the southeastern end of the valley, at an elevation of 1,864 feet (568 m).\nHenderson is known for its supply of magnesium during World War II. With the decline of magnesium production, the Nevada legislature approved a bill that gave Nevada's Colorado River Commission the authority to purchase the industrial plants, and Henderson was incorporated in 1953. Henderson is the location of Lake Las Vegas, and was ranked No. 66 in \"Best Places to Live\" by CNN Money. It was also ranked second in Forbes' list of \"America's Safest Cities\" in 2011.", "Q66284": "Julius Ludwig Weisbach (born 10 August 1806 in Mittelschmiedeberg (now Mildenau Municipality), Erzgebirge, died 24 February 1871, Freiberg) was a German mathematician and engineer.", "Q218718": "James Douglas Muir Leno (; born April 28, 1950) is an American comedian, actor, writer, producer, and former late-night television host. After doing stand-up comedy for years, he became the host of NBC's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno from 1992 to 2009. Beginning in September 2009, Leno started a primetime talk show, titled The Jay Leno Show, which aired weeknights at 10:00pm ET, also on NBC.\nAfter The Jay Leno Show was canceled in January 2010 amid a host controversy, Leno returned to host The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on March 1, 2010. He hosted his last episode of The Tonight Show on February 6, 2014. That year, he was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame. Since 2014, Leno has hosted Jay Leno's Garage.", "Q39958": "David Steven Call (born August 14, 1982) is an American actor.", "Q71920": "La Moustache (in English, The Moustache) is a French film from 2005, directed by Emmanuel Carr\u00e8re and starring Vincent Lindon, and adapted from Carr\u00e8re's own novel. The film features music from Philip Glass. The film was awarded the Label Europa Cinemas prize at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival and is currently distributed theatrically in the United States by the Cinema Guild with a DVD release handled by Koch-Lorber Films. The film is based on a 1986 book of the same title by Carrere.", "Q77389": "Robert H\u00fcbner (born November 6, 1948) is a German chess grandmaster, chess writer, and papyrologist. He was one of the world's leading players in the 1970s and early 1980s.", "Q571287": "Pierre-Simon Girard (4 November 1765 \u2013 30 November 1836) was a French mathematician and engineer, who worked on fluid mechanics.\nGirard was born in Caen. A prodigy who invented a water turbine at the age of ten, he worked as an engineer at the \u00c9cole Nationale des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es. He was in charge of planning and construction of the Amiens canal and the Ourcq canal. He collaborated with Gaspard de Prony on the Dictionnaire des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es (Dictionary of Bridges and Highways, 1787). He wrote on fluids, and in 1798 he published a monograph, Trait\u00e9 analytique de la r\u00e9sistance des solides on beam theory, including possibly its first history, within the topic of strength of materials. The complicated beam equations were not of practical much use, since he applied Euler's non-linear theory. In 1799 he led a cultural and scientific expedition to Upper Egypt. He died in Paris, aged 71.\n\n", "Q965109": "No\u00ebl Mam\u00e8re (born 25 December 1948 in Libourne, Gironde) is a French journalist and politician. He was the mayor of B\u00e8gles in Gironde as well as deputy to the French National Assembly for that constituency. He was for several years a member of the party Europe \u00c9cologie\u2013The Greens, but left it in late September 2013.", "Q4885426": "Benjamin \"Ben\" Chiu (simplified Chinese: \u90b1\u6cfd\u5803; traditional Chinese: \u90b1\u6fa4\u5803; pinyin: Qi\u016b Z\u00e9k\u016bn; born December 27, 1970) is a Taiwanese American and Canadian computer programmer and internet entrepreneur. He is the founder of killerapp.com, a popular comparison shopping site for computers and consumer electronics that was acquired by CNET Networks Inc. in 1999 for $50 million.", "Q240573": "Sophie Belinda Jonas (n\u00e9e Turner; 21 February 1996) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying Sansa Stark on the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones (2011\u20132019), which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for the Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2019.\nTurner appeared in the television film The Thirteenth Tale (2013) and made her feature film debut in Another Me (2013). She appeared in the action comedy Barely Lethal (2015) and portrayed a young Jean Grey / Phoenix in the X-Men film series (2016\u20132019).\nShe has been featured in print work for the luxury designer brand Louis Vuitton.", "Q172579": "The Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state which existed from 1861\u2014when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy\u2014until 1946\u2014when civil discontent led an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic. The state was founded as a result of the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which can be considered its legal predecessor state.\nItaly declared war on Austria in alliance with Prussia in 1866 and received the region of Veneto following their victory. Italian troops entered Rome in 1870, thereby ending more than one thousand years of Papal temporal power. Italy entered into a Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1882, following strong disagreements with France about the respective colonial expansions. However, even if relations with Berlin became very friendly, the alliance with Vienna remained purely formal as the Italians were keen to acquire Trentino and Trieste, corners of Austria-Hungary populated by Italians. So during World War I, Italy accepted the British invitation to join the Allied Powers, as the western powers promised territorial compensation (at the expense of Austria-Hungary) for participation that was more generous than Vienna's offer in exchange for Italian neutrality. Victory in the war gave Italy a permanent seat in the Council of the League of Nations.\n\"Fascist Italy\" is the era of National Fascist Party government from 1922 to 1943 with Benito Mussolini as head of government. The fascists imposed totalitarian rule and crushed the political and intellectual opposition, while promoting economic modernization, traditional social values and a rapprochement with the Roman Catholic Church. According to Payne (1996), \"[the] Fascist government passed through several relatively distinct phases\". The first phase (1923\u20131925) was nominally a continuation of the parliamentary system, albeit with a \"legally-organized executive dictatorship\". Then came the second phase, \"the construction of the Fascist dictatorship proper, from 1925 to 1929\". The third phase, with less activism, was 1929 to 1934. The fourth phase, 1935\u20131940, was characterized by an aggressive foreign policy: war against Ethiopia, launched from Italian Eritrea and Italian Somaliland, which resulted in its annexation; confrontations with the League of Nations, leading to sanctions; growing economic autarky; and the signing of the Pact of Steel. The war itself (1940\u20131943) was the fifth phase with its disasters and defeats, while the rump Sal\u00f2 Government under German control was the final stage (1943\u20131945).Italy was an important member of the Axis powers in World War II, battling on several fronts with initial success. However, after the German-Italian defeat in Africa and in the Soviet Union and the subsequent Allied landings in Sicily, King Victor Emmanuel III placed Mussolini under arrest, and the Fascist Party in areas (south of Rome) controlled by the Allied invaders was shut down. The new government signed an armistice on September 1943. German forces immediately occupied northern Italy with Fascists' help, setting up the Italian Social Republic, a collaborationist puppet state still led by Mussolini and his Fascist loyalists. As a consequence, the country descended into civil war, with the Italian Co-belligerent Army and the resistance movement contended the Social Republic's forces and its German allies. Shortly after the war and the liberation of the country, civil discontent led to the institutional referendum on whether Italy would remain a monarchy or become a republic. Italians decided to abandon the monarchy and form the Italian Republic, the present-day Italian state.\n\n", "Q1063671": "Charles Barwig (March 19, 1837 \u2013 February 15, 1912) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.\nBorn in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, Barwig immigrated to the United States in 1845 with his parents, who settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.\nHe attended the public schools and graduated from the Spencerian Business College in Milwaukee in 1857.\nHe moved to Mayville, Wisconsin in 1865 and engaged in the wholesale liquor business.\nHe served as mayor of Mayville from 1886 until 1888.\nBarwig was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-first, Fifty-second, and Fifty-third Congresses (March 4, 1889 \u2013 March 3, 1895) as the representative of Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district.\nHe served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury (Fifty-third Congress).\nHe was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress.\nHe engaged in the real estate business.\nHe died in Mayville, Wisconsin, on February 15, 1912.\nHe was interred in Graceland Cemetery.\nBarwig's son, Byron Barwig, served as Mayor of Mayville before becoming a member of the Wisconsin State Senate.", "Q16005": "Rainbow (also known as Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow or Blackmore's Rainbow) are a British rock band, formed in 1975 by guitarist Ritchie Blackmore. They were originally established with Ronnie James Dio's American rock band Elf, but after their self-titled debut album, Blackmore fired the backing members and continued with Dio. Rainbow recorded two more studio albums with Dio\u2014Rising (1976) and Long Live Rock 'n' Roll (1978)\u2014before he left the band in 1979.\nRainbow's early work primarily featured mystical lyrics with a neoclassical metal style, then went in a more pop-rock oriented direction following Dio's departure from the group. Three British musicians joined in 1979\u2014singer Graham Bonnet, keyboardist Don Airey and then-former Deep Purple bassist Roger Glover\u2014and this line-up gave the band their commercial breakthrough with the single \"Since You Been Gone\" from their fourth studio album Down to Earth. The band continued their success in the early 1980s with their next three albums Difficult to Cure (1981), Straight Between the Eyes (1982) and Bent Out of Shape (1983). After breaking up in 1984, Blackmore reformed Rainbow in 1993 with a new lineup, which recorded their eighth and last studio album to date Stranger in Us All (1995). Blackmore's change in direction, from rock to Renaissance and medieval-influenced music, led to Rainbow's second dissolution in 1997. He revived the band once again in 2015, and they still perform live occasionally.\nOver the years Rainbow went through many personnel changes, with each studio album recorded with a different lineup, and leaving Blackmore as the band's only constant member. The singers Joe Lynn Turner and Doogie White followed Bonnet, and numerous backing musicians have come and gone. In addition to Blackmore, Rainbow's current lineup includes Ronnie Romero on vocals, Jens Johansson on keyboards, Bob Nouveau on bass and David Keith on drums.\nRainbow were ranked No. 90 on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock. The band have sold over 28 million records worldwide.", "Q455325": "Aiichir\u014d Fujiyama (\u85e4\u5c71 \u611b\u4e00\u90ce, Fujiyama Aiichir\u014d, May 22, 1897 \u2013 February 22, 1985) was a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party and business executive.\n\nA business executive who symbolized \"big business\" in Japan as president of Dai Nippon Sugar Manufacturing Co. and executive officer of Nitto Chemical Industry Co., he used his influence to bring about the fall of Prime Minister Hideki T\u014dj\u014d in 1944.\nAfter Japan's World War II surrender, Fujiyama was imprisoned without a trial for three years, having been accused of \"war crimes\". After his release he represented Japan at the 1951 UNESCO meeting in Paris.\nFujiyama was elected to Parliament in 1957 and was reelected five times. As Japan's foreign minister (1957\u201360) he headed Japan's first delegation to the United Nations (1957), helped revise the U.S.\u2013Japan Security Treaty (1960), and promoted the restoration of diplomatic relations between Japan and China. He also served as director of Japan's Economic Planning Agency.\n\n", "Q3101841": "George Prescott Bush (born April 24, 1976) is an American corporate lawyer, former U.S. Navy Reserve officer, real estate investor, and politician who serves as the Commissioner of the Texas General Land Office.A fourth-generation elected official as a member of the Bush family, he is the oldest child of former Florida Governor Jeb Bush, a nephew of the 43rd President George W. Bush, and a grandson of the 41st President George H. W. Bush, after whom he is named. Bush's middle name is taken from his great-grandfather, Senator Prescott Bush.", "Q312547": "Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, (1 June 1907 \u2013 9 August 1996) was an English Royal Air Force air officer. He is credited with single-handedly inventing the turbojet engine. A patent was submitted by Maxime Guillaume in 1921 for a similar invention; however, this was technically unfeasible at the time. Whittle's jet engines were developed some years earlier than those of Germany's Hans von Ohain who was the designer of the first operational turbojet engine.From an early age, Whittle demonstrated an aptitude for engineering and an interest in flying. At first he was turned down by the RAF but, determined to join the Royal Air Force, he overcame his physical limitations and was accepted and sent to No. 2 School of Technical Training to join No 1 Squadron of Cranwell Aircraft Apprentices. He was taught the theory of aircraft engines and gained practical experience in the engineering workshops. His academic and practical abilities as an Aircraft Apprentice earned him a place on the officer training course at Cranwell. He excelled in his studies and became an accomplished pilot. While writing his thesis there he formulated the fundamental concepts that led to the creation of the turbojet engine, taking out a patent on his design in 1930. His performance on an officers' engineering course earned him a place on a further course at Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he graduated with a First.Without Air Ministry support, he and two retired RAF servicemen formed Power Jets Ltd to build his engine with assistance from the firm of British Thomson-Houston. Despite limited funding, a prototype was created, which first ran in 1937. Official interest was forthcoming following this success, with contracts being placed to develop further engines, but the continuing stress seriously affected Whittle's health, eventually resulting in a nervous breakdown in 1940. In 1944 when Power Jets was nationalised he again suffered a nervous breakdown, and resigned from the board in 1946.In 1948, Whittle retired from the RAF and received a knighthood. He joined BOAC as a technical advisor before working as an engineering specialist with Shell, followed by a position with Bristol Aero Engines. After emigrating to the U.S. in 1976 he accepted the position of NAVAIR Research Professor at the United States Naval Academy from 1977 to 1979. In August 1996, Whittle died of lung cancer at his home in Columbia, Maryland. In 2002, Whittle was ranked number 42 in the BBC poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.", "Q313659": "Everything Is Illuminated is a 2005 biographical comedy-drama film, written and directed by Liev Schreiber and starring Elijah Wood and Eugene H\u00fctz. It was adapted from the novel of the same name by Jonathan Safran Foer, and was the debut film of Liev Schreiber both as a director and as a screenwriter.", "Q342370": "Corey Ian Haim (December 23, 1971 \u2013 March 10, 2010) was a Canadian actor. He starred in a number of 1980s films, such as Lucas, Silver Bullet, Murphy's Romance, License to Drive and Dream a Little Dream. His role alongside Corey Feldman in The Lost Boys made Haim a household name. Known as The Two Coreys, the duo became 1980s icons and appeared together in seven movies, later starring in the A&E American reality show The Two Coreys.\nHaim's early success led to money and fame. He had difficulty breaking away from the trauma of his experience as a child actor and was troubled by drug addiction throughout his later career. He died of pneumonia on March 10, 2010.\n\n", "Q221827": "Hickey & Boggs is a 1972 American neo-noir crime film written by Walter Hill and directed by Robert Culp.", "Q78904": "Susanne Riess (born 3 January 1961) is a former Austrian politician of the Freedom Party of Austria (FP\u00d6).", "Q634763": "John Elefante (born March 18, 1958) is an American singer-songwriter, instrumentalist, and producer. He is known for his tenure as frontman of the rock group Kansas and is currently touring with several groups that have featured members from classic rock bands.", "Q442881": "Park Jung-hyun (Korean: \ubc15\uc815\ud604; born March 23, 1976), also known as Lena Park (Korean: \ub9ac\ub098 \ubc15), is an American-born South Korean singer who debuted in 1998 with the album, Piece. She is known in South Korea as \"the nation's fairy\" due to her petite body and powerful singing voice.", "Q281449": "Hitman (simplified Chinese: \u6740\u624b\u4e4b\u738b; traditional Chinese: \u6bba\u624b\u4e4b\u738b), released in some regions as Contract Killer, is a 1998 Hong Kong action comedy film directed by Stephen Tung, starring Jet Li, Eric Tsang, Simon Yam and Gigi Leung. The film was released in the Hong Kong on 3 April 1998.", "Q204457": "The University of Bergen (Norwegian: Universitetet i Bergen, Urban East Norwegian: [\u0289n\u026av\u00e6\u0282\u026a\u02c8t\u00e8\u02d0t\u0259 \u026a \u02c8b\u00e6\u0300r\u0261n\u0329]) is a public university located in Bergen, Norway. The university today serves approximately 17,000 students, and is one of eight universities in Norway.", "Q72597": "Anton Thumann (31 October 1912 \u2013 8 October 1946) was a member of the SS of Nazi Germany who served in various Nazi concentration camps during World War II. After the war, Thumann was arrested by British occupation forces and charged with crimes against humanity. At the Neuengamme Camp Case No. 1 in 1946 he was found guilty, sentenced to death and executed at Hamelin prison.", "Q1302545": "Forest Lawn Memorial Park \u2013 Hollywood Hills is one of the six Forest Lawn cemeteries in Southern California. It is located at 6300 Forest Lawn Drive, Los Angeles, California 90068, in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles. It is on the lower north slope at the east end of the Santa Monica Mountains range that overlooks North Hollywood, Universal City, and Burbank, and the overall San Fernando Valley area of north view Los Angeles.\nForest Lawn \u2013 Hollywood Hills is a park dedicated to the preservation of American history and hosts high-profile events such as an annual Veterans Day ceremony attended by dignitaries and other VIPs. Los Angeles Magazine described it as a \"theme-park necropolis\", paraphrasing Jessica Mitford, indicating \"Forest Lawn\u2019s kitsch was just a sophisticated strategy for lubricating the checkbooks of the grieved.\"", "Q131332": "Amanda Peet (born January 11, 1972) is an American actress. After studying at Columbia University, Peet began her acting career with small parts on television, and made her film debut in Animal Room (1995). Her featured role in the comedy The Whole Nine Yards (2000) brought her wider recognition, and she has since appeared in a variety of films, including Something's Gotta Give (2003), Identity (2003), Syriana (2005), The X-Files: I Want to Believe (2008), 2012 (2009), and The Way, Way Back (2013).\nOn television, Peet has starred in Jack & Jill (1999\u20132001), Togetherness (2015\u20132016), and Brockmire (2016\u2013present).", "Q107680": "Helmut Brandt (born 24 October 1950) is a German politician, member of the CDU, and Legal Counsel (Justiziar) for the CDU/CSU Parliamentary Group. He has been a member of the Bundestag since 28 June 2005, when he replaced Karl-Josef Laumann, who had been appointed a minister in North Rhine-Westphalia. Brandt, a lawyer by training specialising in criminal law, was mayor of Alsdorf in North Rhine-Westphalia from 1994 to 1999, having been a councillor there since 1978.", "Q2585447": "Taieb Fassi Fihri (born 9 April 1958 in Casablanca) is a Moroccan politician who was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Morocco from 2007 to 2012 as part of the cabinet of Prime Minister Abbas el Fassi. He has subsequently served as adviser to King Mohammed VI on foreign affairs.\nTaieb Fassi Fihri was Minister-Delegate at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs between 1999 and 2007.His brother Ali Fassi Fihri was the president of the Moroccan FA. Taieb Fassi Fihri is also the cousin of former Prime Minister Abbas el Fassi.", "Q126896": "In the Valley of Elah is a 2007 American crime drama mystery film written and directed by Paul Haggis, starring Tommy Lee Jones, Charlize Theron, and Susan Sarandon. The film's title refers to the Biblical valley where the battle between David and Goliath took place.\nPaul Haggis's In The Valley of Elah is based on actual events, although the characters' names and locations have been changed. The screenplay was inspired by journalist Mark Boal's \"Death and Dishonor\", an article about the murder case published in Playboy magazine in 2004.\nIt portrays a military father's search for his son and, after his body is found, subsequent hunt for his son's killers. The film explores themes including the Iraq War, abuse of prisoners, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following active combat, and the apportionment of blame for these denouements of war.", "Q384243": "Mam\u00e1 cumple cien a\u00f1os is a 1979 Spanish comedy film written and directed by Carlos Saura. The film is a comedy sequel of the drama Ana and the Wolves directed by Saura in 1973. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 52nd Academy Awards.", "Q171716": "Hubertus (Huub) Rothengatter (born 8 October 1954) is a former racing driver from the Netherlands. He participated in 30 Formula One (F1) Grands Prix, debuting on 17 June 1984. He scored no championship points. He drove for Spirit, Osella and Zakspeed, and his drives all either started or became available midseason. He tried to get Dutch sponsors in various ways, such as by putting a one-page advertisement in De Telegraaf newspaper. Reputedly, when Niki Lauda was asked about him, he referred to him as \"rattengott\" \u2013 literally \"God of the rats\".\nRothengatter, unlike a lot of fringe drivers who waited for phone calls from F1 teams that never came, was highly successful in attracting personal sponsorship which allowed him to 'buy' his place in the low budget teams, bringing in much needed money to them and allowing him to drive F1 when he otherwise would most likely have missed out.\nRothengatter later entered into Formula One management, as a manager for Dutch driver Jos Verstappen.", "Q471293": "Maurice Rouvier (French pronunciation: \u200b[m\u0254\u0281is \u0281uvje, mo\u0281-]; 17 April 1842 \u2013 7 June 1911) was a French statesman of the \"Opportunist\" faction, who served as the Prime Minister of France. He is best known for his financial policies and his unpopular policies designed to avoid a rupture with Germany.", "Q917010": "Thomas Sterling North (November 4, 1906 \u2013 December 21, 1974), who used Sterling North professionally, was an American writer. He is best known for the children's novel Rascal, a bestseller in 1963.", "Q235305": "Margaret Ann \"Peggy\" Lipton (August 30, 1946 \u2013 May 11, 2019) was an American actress, model, and singer. She made appearances in many of the most popular television shows of the 1960s before she landed her defining role as flower child Julie Barnes in the crime drama The Mod Squad (1968\u20131973), for which she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Drama in 1970.\nAfter The Mod Squad, Lipton married producer Quincy Jones and began a 15-year hiatus from acting, in which she raised her two children, Kidada and Rashida Jones. She returned to acting in 1988, performing in many TV roles, including Norma Jennings in David Lynch's Twin Peaks.", "Q7299616": "Razor & Tie is an American entertainment company that consists of a record label and a music publishing company. It was established in 1990 by Craig Balsam and Cliff Chenfeld. Based in New York City (with additional offices in Los Angeles and Nashville), Razor & Tie releases are distributed by Universal Music Group.Razor & Tie initially focused on compilation albums and re-issues. Directly marketed through television spots, the label had early success with 70s, 80s and 90s-themed albums, beginning with Those Fabulous 70s in 1990. A retail label was launched in 1995 to release new albums from established and developing artists, including Dar Williams, Graham Parker and Marshall Crenshaw. Razor & Tie continued to expand their rock signings, and by 2016, with releases by artists including The Pretty Reckless, Starset, All That Remains and Red Sun Rising it had become a leader in the genre.In 2001, Balsam and Chenfeld created Kidz Bop, a series of albums with young singers covering pop hits. As of 2016, Kidz Bop had sold more than 16 million albums, 22 of which debuted in the Top 10 on the Billboard charts, Kidz Bop holds the title for the most Top 10 debuts of any artist this century. Releases on Razor & Tie have cumulatively exceeded sales of 45 million physical and digital albums, singles, videos and DVDs.A music publishing division was founded in 2007, and in 2014 Razor & Tie launched Washington Square Records, an alternative leaning label. In 2015 Concord Bicycle acquired an undisclosed percentage of Razor & Tie, which now operates as New Razor & Tie Enterprises LLC, a joint venture. Concord fully acquired Razor & Tie on January 17, 2018. As of May 2018, Razor & Tie operates as an imprint of Concord Music's Fearless Records label.", "Q192102": "Skin cancers are cancers that arise from the skin. They are due to the development of abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. There are three main types of skin cancers: basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) and melanoma. The first two, along with a number of less common skin cancers, are known as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Basal-cell cancer grows slowly and can damage the tissue around it but is unlikely to spread to distant areas or result in death. It often appears as a painless raised area of skin that may be shiny with small blood vessels running over it or may present as a raised area with an ulcer. Squamous-cell skin cancer is more likely to spread. It usually presents as a hard lump with a scaly top but may also form an ulcer. Melanomas are the most aggressive. Signs include a mole that has changed in size, shape, color, has irregular edges, has more than one color, is itchy or bleeds.More than 90% of cases are caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. This exposure increases the risk of all three main types of skin cancer. Exposure has increased, partly due to a thinner ozone layer. Tanning beds are another common source of ultraviolet radiation. For melanomas and basal-cell cancers, exposure during childhood is particularly harmful. For squamous-cell skin cancers, total exposure, irrespective of when it occurs, is more important. Between 20% and 30% of melanomas develop from moles. People with lighter skin are at higher risk as are those with poor immune function such as from medications or HIV/AIDS. Diagnosis is by biopsy.Decreasing exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the use of sunscreen appear to be effective methods of preventing melanoma and squamous-cell skin cancer. It is not clear if sunscreen affects the risk of basal-cell cancer. Nonmelanoma skin cancer is usually curable. Treatment is generally by surgical removal but may, less commonly, involve radiation therapy or topical medications such as fluorouracil. Treatment of melanoma may involve some combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapy. In those people whose disease has spread to other areas of the body, palliative care may be used to improve quality of life. Melanoma has one of the higher survival rates among cancers, with over 86% of people in the UK and more than 90% in the United States surviving more than 5 years.Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, globally accounting for at least 40% of cancer cases. The most common type is nonmelanoma skin cancer, which occurs in at least 2\u20133 million people per year. This is a rough estimate, however, as good statistics are not kept. Of nonmelanoma skin cancers, about 80% are basal-cell cancers and 20% squamous-cell skin cancers. Basal-cell and squamous-cell skin cancers rarely result in death. In the United States, they were the cause of less than 0.1% of all cancer deaths. Globally in 2012, melanoma occurred in 232,000 people and resulted in 55,000 deaths. White people in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa have the highest rates of melanoma in the world. The three main types of skin cancer have become more common in the last 20 to 40 years, especially in those areas with mostly White people.", "Q263143": "Barbara Bain (born September 13, 1931) is an American film and television actress. She is most known for co-starring in the original Mission: Impossible television series in the 1960s as Cinnamon Carter, and in the 1970s TV series Space: 1999 as Doctor Helena Russell.", "Q705743": "Gerald Calvin \"Jerry\" Douglas (born May 28, 1956) is an American resonator guitar and lap steel guitar player and record producer.", "Q65564": "Trin is a municipality in the Imboden Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. Crestasee is located in Trin.", "Q337260": "Angiolino Giuseppe Pasquale Ventura (14 July 1919 \u2013 22 October 1987) was an Italian actor who starred mainly in French films. Raised by his Italian mother in Paris, after a first career as a professional wrestler was ended by injury he was offered a part as a gang boss in the Jacques Becker film Touchez pas au grisbi (1954) and rapidly became one of France's favourite film actors, playing opposite many other stars and working with other leading directors such as Louis Malle, Claude Sautet, and Claude Miller. Usually portraying a tough man, either a criminal or a cop, he also featured as a leader of the Resistance in the Jean-Pierre Melville directed Army of Shadows (L'arm\u00e9e des ombres, 1969). Having a daughter born handicapped, he and his wife founded a charity Perce-Neige (Snowdrop) which aids disabled children and their parents. Though he never renounced his Italian citizenship, he was voted 23rd in a poll for the 100 greatest Frenchmen.", "Q960298": "William David Hungate (born August 5, 1948) is a bass guitarist, producer, and arranger noted as a member of Los Angeles pop-rock band Toto from 1977 to 1982 and rejoining in 2014. Along with most of his Toto bandmates, Hungate did sessions on a number of hit albums of the 1970s, including Boz Scaggs's Silk Degrees and Alice Cooper's From the Inside.\nHungate played on Toto's first four records, including multiple Grammy award-winning album, Toto IV. He left the band shortly after its release for a career as a session musician in Nashville. Hungate, who plays many instruments including guitar, trumpet, drums, and piano, has arranged, produced and recorded with several country artists such as Chet Atkins. He was also a primary member of AOR supergroup Mecca fronted by Joe Vana and Fergie Frederiksen, the latter also of Toto fame. In 1990 he released a solo album entitled \"Souvenir\". Jeff Porcaro played drums on some of the tracks on the album. In 1995, Hungate also played bass on all the songs on Shania Twain's second album The Woman in Me.\nHungate attended the College of Music at North Texas State University. He played bass in their jazz ensemble, the One O'Clock Lab Band, including a performance at the 1970 Montreux Jazz Festival. He is the son of U.S. Congressman (and later Federal District Judge) William L. Hungate.\nAs of 2014, he has rejoined Toto in a touring capacity due to the departure of the touring bass player, Nathan East (who was, like Leland Sklar during the band's previous tour in 2006/2007, filling in for regular bassist Mike Porcaro who was forced to retire due to illness). At first, it was announced that he would retire after the 2014 tour, but he kept touring with Toto until 2015, when it was announced that he would finally retire from extensive tours. He also played four tracks in the band's album Toto XIV.\nHungate went to Troy Buchanan High School in Troy, Missouri. Because he attended there, the band \u201cToto\u201d gave the high school a signed record and now during parades the band plays the song \u201cHold the Line\u201d.", "Q887417": "Bo Lidegaard (born 23 January 1958) is a Danish historian, diplomat, author and editor in chief of daily broadsheet newspaper Politiken.", "Q12934": "Christophe Guilloteau (born June 18, 1958 in Lyon) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Rh\u00f4ne department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.", "Q54961": "Harrow () is a large suburban town in Greater London, England. It serves as the principal settlement of the London Borough of Harrow, lying about 10.5 miles (16.9 km) northwest of Charing Cross, and 5.4 miles (8.7 km) south of Watford. The entire town, including its localities Harrow on the Hill, Harrow Weald, Headstone, North Harrow, Kenton, Rayners Lane, South Harrow, Wealdstone and West Harrow, had a population of 149,246 as of the 2011 census, whereas the wider borough had a population of 250,149.\nHistorically in Middlesex, Harrow was a municipal borough before it became a part of Greater London in 1965. The modern town of Harrow is what was historically called Greenhill, a former hamlet at the foot of the 408 feet (124 m) Harrow Hill settlement. With the arrival of the Metropolitan Railway in the 19th century, the centre of Harrow moved to Greenhill and it grew as the unofficial \"capital\" of the Metro-land suburbia. The historic centre of Harrow, often distinguished as Harrow on the Hill, is a conservation area with listed buildings of Georgian architecture and home to the famous Harrow School. The modern-day town of Harrow is an established commercial centre of outer North West London.", "Q4926602": "Blind Pig Records is an American blues independent record label.\nBlind Pig was formed in 1977 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, by Jerry Del Giudice, owner of the Blind Pig Cafe, and his friend Edward Chmelewski. The label is now based in San Francisco. In the late 2000s the label started a reissue vinyl series, featuring reissues from its back catalog on 180-gram high quality vinyl.\nAs of 2015, Blind Pig's catalogue is owned by The Orchard, a division of Sony Music.", "Q109322": "Else Ackermann (6 November 1933 \u2013 14 September 2019) was a German physician and pharmacologist who became an East German politician (Christian Democratic Union of Germany). The report on the power relationships between the citizen and the state which she drafted, and in 1988 presented, known as the \"Neuenhagen Letter\", was a significant precursor to the changes of 1989 which led to the ending, in the early summer of 1990, of the one-party dictatorship, followed by German reunification later that same year.\n\n", "Q223567": "30,000 Leagues Under the Sea is a 2007 film directed by Gabriel Bologna. It is a modern update on the classic book 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, and stars Lorenzo Lamas as Lt. Aronnaux and Sean Lawlor as the misanthropic Captain Nemo. It also stars Natalie Stone, Kerry Washington, and Kim Little.\nThe film is the first by The Asylum to be based on a Jules Verne novel, with Journey to the Center of the Earth following in 2008.", "Q106011": "Arthur Mengeh (known as Arthur Menge in German) (April 2, 1884 \u2013 May 16, 1965) was a German politician who was the mayor of Hanover from 1925 to 1937.", "Q240942": "Valentina Monetta (born 1 March 1975) is a Sammarinese singer. She is best known for representing San Marino in the 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2017 Eurovision Song Contests. She also announced the Sammarinese points at the Eurovision Song Contest 2015. In the 2014 contest, Monetta became the first Sammarinese entrant to qualify for the final.", "Q3157150": "Jack Conley is an American actor particularly in the crime, mystery and thriller genres.", "Q953652": "Hello! Project (\u30cf\u30ed\u30fc!\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8, Har\u014d! Purojekuto) is a Japanese idol musical collective consisting of all female recording artists and groups under Up-Front Promotion, a subsidiary of Up-Front Group. The name was initially used as Michiyo Heike and Morning Musume's fan club name in 1999, but has since then been used to represent all female recording artists at Up-Front Promotion. Until 2014, their songs were primarily produced by Tsunku.\nIn the 2000s, the collective expanded to include sub-groups and project groups, such as Mini-Moni and Tanpopo, as well as other musical acts such as Berryz Kobo and Cute.", "Q71511": "Wolfgang Maria Bauer (born 9 June 1963) is a German television actor, theatre director and author.", "Q490290": "Calvin Russell (born Calvert Russell Kosler, November 1, 1948 \u2013 April 3, 2011) was an American blues and roots rock singer-songwriter and guitarist.", "Q345190": "David Randall Silveria (born September 21, 1972) is an American drummer, best known as the drummer for the band Korn from 1993 until leaving the band in 2006. He then became the drummer for INFINIKA, which was formed in 2012, but disbanded in 2015.\nAs of 2019, David is now currently the drummer of a band called \u201cBIAS\u201d.", "Q2439025": "Erotic thriller is a film subgenre defined as a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy. Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity, but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies.Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s, erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s, bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video. The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s, highlighted by the success of Paul Verhoeven's Basic Instinct, but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal.The potent combination of danger and romance, catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously, was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period. The half-naked bodies displayed on posters, newspaper ads, and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film:\nIf you think you can handle her, you're dead wrong. \u2014Body Chemistry 3: Point of Seduction\nHe was hired to watch. Now he's tempted to touch. \u2014Night Eyes\nTwin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land. \u2014Mirror Images\nIn all, over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s, which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s. The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500. Like film noir, the genre has evolved and modernized, and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style.", "Q102277": "Dankwart Danckwerts (14 March 1933; Hamburg \u2013 11 May 2012; Hamburg) was a German sociologist.After some time in business he qualified in (Sociology and Economics), graduated at the Hamburg University, 1960, and worked after that at the University of M\u00fcnster with Helmut Schelsky, where he gained his doctoral degree (Dr. sc. pol.), 1963.\nAfter doing field work in Chile, he was called to a chair of Sociology at the University of Duisburg up to 1998, where he, besides in general theory, specialized in sociology of transportation. He remained active in sociological research.A Festschrift was published on his 65th birthday in 1998.", "Q560163": "Anupam Kher (born 7 March 1955) is an Indian actor and the former Chairman of Film and Television Institute of India. He is the recipient of two National Film Awards and eight Filmfare Awards. He has appeared in over 500 films in several languages and many plays. He won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for his performance in Saaransh (1984). He holds the record for winning the Filmfare Award for Best Comedian five times in total for: Ram Lakhan (1989), Lamhe (1991), Khel (1992), Darr (1993) and Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995). He won the National Film Award for Special Mention twice for his performances in Daddy (1989) and Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara (2005). For his performance in the film Vijay (1988), he won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. His biography Lessons Life Tought Me Unknowingly published on 5 August 2019 by Penguin Random House.\nBesides working in Hindi films, he has also appeared in international films such as the Golden Globe nominated Bend It Like Beckham (2002), Ang Lee's Golden Lion\u2013winning Lust, Caution (2007), and David O. Russell's Oscar-winning Silver Linings Playbook (2012). He received a BAFTA nomination for his supporting role in the British television sitcom The Boy with the Topknot (2018).He has held the post of chairman of the Central Board of Film Certification and the National School of Drama in India. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri in 2004 and the Padma Bhushan in 2016 for his contribution in the field of cinema and arts.\nAnupam Kher was appointed FTII chairman in October 2017, however his appointment was cited as problematic due to his pro-BJP stance and prolonged absences. On 31 October 2018, he resigned as the chairman of the FTII, citing his work commitments for the American TV show New Amsterdam.", "Q1524530": "Impulse! Records is an American jazz record company and label established by Creed Taylor in 1960. John Coltrane was among Impulse!'s earliest signings. Thanks to consistent sales and positive critiques of his recordings, the label came to be known as \"the house that Trane built\".", "Q93594": "Charles Chetwynd Chetwynd-Talbot, 2nd Earl Talbot, KG, PC, FRS (25 April 1777 \u2013 10 January 1849), styled Viscount of Ingestre between 1784 and 1793, was a British politician. He served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland between 1817 and 1821.\n\n", "Q769855": "Wuchang (Chinese: \u4e94\u5e38; pinyin: W\u01d4ch\u00e1ng) is a county-level city of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Harbin, it borders Acheng District to the north, Shangzhi to the northeast, Shuangcheng District to the northwest, and Jilin Province to the south and the west.\nThe name \"Wuchang\" has been in use since 1855. At that time people began to reclaim wasteland, and built five noble lodges. It was changed to Wuchang Bureau in 1882, and changed to Wuchang Mansion in 1909. In 1913 Wuchang County was set up. It was changed to Wuchang City in 1993.\nThe area of Wuchang is 7,502.0 km2 (2,896.5 sq mi), and it had 979,627 population at the end of 2008.", "Q114415": "Man's Castle is a 1933 Pre-Code American film directed by Frank Borzage, and starring Spencer Tracy and Loretta Young.", "Q231163": "Olivia Haigh Williams (born 26 July 1968) is a British actress who has appeared in British and American films and television.\nAfter studying drama at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School for two years followed by three years at the Royal Shakespeare Company, her first significant role was as Jane Fairfax in the British television film Emma (1996), based on Jane Austen's novel. She made her film debut in 1997's The Postman, followed by Rushmore (1998) and The Sixth Sense (1999). Williams then appeared in several British films, including Lucky Break (2001), The Heart of Me (2002) and An Education (2009). In 2010, she won acclaim for her performance as Ruth Lang in Roman Polanski's The Ghost Writer. Since 2017, she has played Emily Silk(s), on the television series Counterpart.", "Q172790": "Christian Roger Xavier Marie Joseph Ghislain Goethals (4 August 1928 in Heule \u2013 26 February 2003 in Kortrijk) was a racing driver from Belgium. Goethals competed as an amateur in sports car races, driving a Porsche Spyder during the 1950s. His best results were a second-place finish with his brother in the 1956 1500cc class event in Reims, and a win in the same class the following year at Forez. Goethals acquired a Cooper-Climax and entered it in the Formula Two class of the 1958 German Grand Prix, but retired from the race. He did not participate in another Formula One Grand Prix, and returned to sports cars, with notable finishes in 1960 of fifth in the Buenos Aires 1000 km and second in the GP de Spa. He retired from racing later in the season. He established a racing team called \u00c9curie \u00c9peron d'Or to participate in the 1958 German Grand Prix where he raced in a Cooper T43.Goethals was the youngest child of Ren\u00e9 Goethals (1876-1928), a nobleman and mayor of Heule near Kortrijk in Belgium and of Jeanne Mols (1884-1968). He was married to Julie Opsomer.", "Q92852": "Michael J. Flynn (born May 20, 1934) is an American professor emeritus at Stanford University.", "Q153986": "Guy Lindsay Scott (born 1 June 1944) is a Zambian politician who was the Acting President of Zambia between October 2014 and January 2015 and as the 12th Vice-President of Zambia from 2011 to 2014. Scott was named Acting President upon Michael Sata's death in office on 28 October 2014. He was the first white president of Zambia and the first white president in sub-Saharan Africa since F. W. de Klerk, South Africa's last apartheid-era president, left office in 1994.", "Q3640105": "Bindo Maserati (1883 - September 1980) was an Italian automotive engineer and businessman, known as the manager of Maserati and one of the Maserati Brothers.\nBorn in Voghera, he was a mechanic at Isotta Fraschini (1910\u201332) where he joined his brother Ettore Maserati. Only occasionally did he race, as in the Isotta Fraschini 8A SS with Aymo Maggi in Mille Miglia (1927). While the other brothers established the Maserati sparkplug manufacturer (1914) and car manufacturer (1926), Bindo did not join until 1932, when he took over as manager after Alfieri Maserati died. After being under Adolfo Orsi's management (1937\u201347), he moved with his brothers to Bologna (1947) to found the O.S.C.A. manufacturer. He died there in 1980.", "Q1406785": "Higinio Angl\u00e9s or Higini Angl\u00e8s i P\u00e0mies(his complet name in Catalan), (Catalonia 1888 \u2013 Roma 1969) was a Spanish priest and musicologist.", "Q58183": "Bruno Eduardo Rodr\u00edguez Parrilla (born 22 January 1958) is a Cuban diplomat and politician. He is a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Cuba, and has served as Cuba's Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2009.\n\n", "Q78535": "Archduke Joseph August Viktor Klemens Maria of Austria, Prince of Hungary and Bohemia (9 August 1872 \u2013 6 July 1962) was a Feldmarschall (Field Marshal) of the Austro-Hungarian Army and for a short period head of state of Hungary. He was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, the eldest son of Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria (1833\u20131905) and his wife Princess Clotilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1846\u20131927). Joseph August's grandfather had been Palatine Joseph of Hungary (1776\u20131847), Palatine and Viceroy of Hungary, a younger son of Emperor Leopold II.\nThe Archduke Joseph Diamond, a 76.02 carat colourless diamond with internal flawless clarity, is named after the Archduke and officially recorded as his property.\n\n", "Q895775": "K\u00e9l\u00e9tigui Diabat\u00e9 (1931 \u2013 30 November 2012) was a Malian musician, described as an \"undisputed master\" of the balafon, and as \"one of the greatest figures in Malian contemporary music\".", "Q239259": "Endre Senk\u00e1lszky (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025bndr\u025b \u02c8\u0283\u025b\u014bka\u02d0lski]; 2 October 1914 \u2013 5 January 2014) was a Romanian actor and director.\nEndre Senk\u00e1lszky was an ethnic Hungarian. He died on 5 January 2014, aged 99, in his hometown of Cluj-Napoca.", "Q155449": "Langston Faizon Santisima (born June 14, 1968), professionally known as Faizon Love, is a Cuban-born American actor and comedian. He is best known for roles in the films The Meteor Man, Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood, Friday, B*A*P*S, Torque, Elf, The Replacements, Made, and Couples Retreat. Also, he is known for his role as Wendell Wilcox on The Parent 'Hood from 1995-1998. Maurice Starr on BET's The New Edition Story.", "Q688315": "Bern Minster (German: Berner M\u00fcnster) is a Swiss Reformed cathedral, (or minster) in the old city of Bern, Switzerland. Built in the Gothic style, its construction started in 1421. Its tower, with a height of 100.6 m (330 ft), was only completed in 1893. It is the tallest cathedral in Switzerland and is a Cultural Property of National Significance.", "Q85490": "Werner Finck (2 May 1902 \u2013 31 July 1978) was a German Kabarett comedian, actor and author. Not politically motivated by his own admission but just a \"convinced individualist\", he became one of Germany's leading cabaret artists under the conditions of the Nazi suppression after 1933.", "Q102511": "Ludwig Loewe (27 November 1837 \u2013 11 September 1886) was a German merchant, manufacturer, philanthropist and a member of the Reichstag. Loewe's companies became involved in the production of armaments, employing famous designers and creating notable guns.", "Q38111": "Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio (, Italian: [di\u02c8ka\u02d0prjo]; born November 11, 1974) is an American actor, producer, and environmentalist. He has often played unconventional parts, particularly in biopics and period films. As of 2019, his films have earned US$7.2 billion worldwide, and he has placed eight times in annual rankings of the world's highest-paid actors. His accolades include an Academy Award and three Golden Globe Awards.\nBorn in Los Angeles, DiCaprio began his career by appearing in television commercials in the late 1980s. In the early 1990s, he played recurring roles in various television series, such as the sitcom Parenthood. He had his first major film role in This Boy's Life (1993), and received acclaim for the supporting role of a developmentally disabled boy in What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993), which earned him an Academy Award nomination. He achieved international fame as a star in the epic romance Titanic (1997), which became the highest-grossing film at that point. After a few commercially failed films, DiCaprio starred in two successful features in 2002: the biographical crime drama Catch Me If You Can and the historical drama Gangs of New York, which marked his first of many collaborations with director Martin Scorsese.\nDiCaprio earned nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the roles of Howard Hughes in The Aviator (2004) and a mercenary in the political thriller Blood Diamond (2006), and he also received acclaim for his roles in the crime drama The Departed (2006) and the romantic drama Revolutionary Road (2008). In the 2010s, he starred in the science fiction thriller Inception (2010), the western Django Unchained (2012), the biopic The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), the survival drama The Revenant (2015), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor, and the comedy-drama Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019).\nDiCaprio is the founder of Appian Way Productions\u2014a production company that has produced some of his films and the documentary series Greensburg (2008\u20132010)\u2014and the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation, a non-profit organization devoted to promoting environmental awareness. He regularly supports charitable causes, and has produced several documentaries on the environment. In 2005, he was named the commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres for his contributions to the arts, and in 2016, he was listed as one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine.", "Q61064": "Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky (; Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, tr. Vasiliy Vasilyevich Kandinskiy, IPA: [v\u0250\u02c8s\u02b2il\u02b2\u026aj v\u0250\u02c8s\u02b2il\u02b2j\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 k\u0250n\u02b2\u02c8d\u02b2insk\u02b2\u026aj]; 16 December [O.S. 4 December] 1866 \u2013 13 December 1944) was a Russian painter and art theorist. Kandinsky is generally credited as the pioneer of abstract art. Born in Moscow, Kandinsky spent his childhood in Odessa (today Ukraine), where he graduated at Grekov Odessa Art school. He enrolled at the University of Moscow, studying law and economics. Successful in his profession\u2014he was offered a professorship (chair of Roman Law) at the University of Dorpat (today Tartu, Estonia)\u2014Kandinsky began painting studies (life-drawing, sketching and anatomy) at the age of 30.\nIn 1896, Kandinsky settled in Munich, studying first at Anton A\u017ebe's private school and then at the Academy of Fine Arts. He returned to Moscow in 1914, after the outbreak of World War I. Following the Russian Revolution, Kandinsky \"became an insider in the cultural administration of Anatoly Lunacharsky\" and helped establish the Museum of the Culture of Painting. However, by then \"his spiritual outlook... was foreign to the argumentative materialism of Soviet society\", and opportunities beckoned in Germany, to which he returned in 1920. There he taught at the Bauhaus school of art and architecture from 1922 until the Nazis closed it in 1933. He then moved to France, where he lived for the rest of his life, becoming a French citizen in 1939 and producing some of his most prominent art. He died in Neuilly-sur-Seine in 1944.", "Q362249": "Datuk Jimmy Choo Yeang Keat (born 15 November 1948) is a Malaysian fashion designer based in the United Kingdom. He is best known for co-founding Jimmy Choo Ltd, which became known for its handmade women's shoes.\n\n", "Q109444": "Julia Hummer (born 24 April 1980) is a German actress and singer. She appeared in more than twenty films since 1999.", "Q9599": "Susanne Albers is a German theoretical computer scientist and professor of computer science at Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen. She is a recipient of the Otto Hahn Medal and the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize.", "Q90923": "Nikolaus Krell (c. 1551 \u2013 9 October 1601), chancellor of the elector of Saxony, was born at Leipzig, and educated at the university of his native town.\nAbout 1580 he entered the service of Christian I, the eldest son of Augustus I, elector of Saxony, and when Christian succeeded his father as elector in 1586, became his most influential counselor. Krell's religious views were Calvinistic or Crypto-Calvinistic, and both before and after his appointment as chancellor in 1589 he sought to advance his own religious views at the expense of the reigning Lutheran Orthodoxy which was the sanctioned religion of Electorate of Saxony. Calvinists were appointed to many important ecclesiastical and educational offices; a translation of the Bible with Calvinistic annotations was published; and Krell took other measures to attain his end.\nIn foreign politics, also, he sought to change the traditional policy of Saxony of close collaboration with the Habsburg emperors, acting in unison with John Casimir, regent of the Electorate of the Palatinate, and reaching out to Henry IV of France and Elizabeth I of England.\nThese departures from Saxon tradition, coupled with the jealousy felt at Krell's high position and autocratic conduct, made the chancellor very unpopular, and when the elector died in October 1591 he was deprived of his offices and thrown into Georgenburg prison of the K\u00f6nigstein Fortress by order of Frederick William, duke of Saxe-Altenburg, the regent for the young Elector Christian II.\nHis trial was delayed until 1595, and then, owing partly to the interference of the imperial court of justice (Reichskammergericht), dragged on for six years. At length it was referred by Emperor Rudolph II to a court of appeal at Prague, and Krell sentenced to death. He was decapitated in the J\u00fcdenhof in Dresden on 9 October 1601. He is commemorated by a paving stone with the inscription \"Kr\" at the spot of his execution in the Dresden Stallhof.\n\nKrell was not the only individual accused of Crypto-Calvinism. The influential physician Caspar Peucer was also charged and subsequently imprisoned for years.", "Q3435250": "Manson Benedict (October 9, 1907 \u2013 September 18, 2006) was an American nuclear engineer and a professor of nuclear engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). From 1958 to 1968, he was the chairman of the advisory committee to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.", "Q693053": "Jhr. Dirk Jan de Geer (14 December 1870 \u2013 28 November 1960) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Christian Historical Union (CHU) now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 8 March 1926 until 10 August 1929 and from 10 August 1939 until 3 September 1940.", "Q274359": "Ester Rachel Kami\u0144ska (Yiddish: \u05d0\u05e1\u05ea\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d7\u05dc \u05e7\u05d0\u05b7\u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05e1\u05e7\u05d0\u05b7\u200e) n\u00e9e Halpern (Porozow, 10 March 1870 \u2013 Warsaw, 25 December 1925) was a Polish Jewish actress, known as the mother of Yiddish theatre. She won fame as the star of a series of Yiddish theater companies managed by her husband, Avrom Yitshok Kaminski, touring in the cities and small towns of the Russian Empire from approximately 1893 to 1905. In Warsaw, in 1907 they together founded the Literary Troupe (Literarishe trupe), the first Yiddish theater company to dedicate itself to a 'literary' or 'artistic' repertoire.She was the mother of Ida Kami\u0144ska (1899\u20131980), the well known stage and film actress, who cofounded the Warsaw Yiddish Art Theater in the 1920s, and, in 1946, following the Second World War, played in reestablished Yiddish theaters in Poland. Today the Jewish Theatre, Warsaw is named after the two actresses.", "Q4274796": "Sidney Myer (born Simcha Myer Baevski (\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0445\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0439\u0435\u0440 \u0411\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439); 8 February 1878 \u2013 5 September 1934) was a Russian-born Jewish-Australian businessman and philanthropist, best known for founding Myer, Australia's largest chain of department stores.", "Q5171219": "Cornelis Bos or Bossche (c. 1506/10 \u2014 before 7 May 1555) was a Flemish engraver, printseller and book publisher, known for his accurate engravings of Italian works. His work is often signed with the monogram C-B.", "Q159273": "Arequipa (Spanish pronunciation: [a\u027ee\u02c8kipa]; Aymara & Quechua: Ariqipa) is a city located in the province and the eponymous department of Peru. It is the seat of the Constitutional Court of Peru and often dubbed the \"legal capital of Peru.\" It is the second most populated city in Peru, after Lima, with an urban population of 1,008,290 inhabitants according to the 2017 national census.Its metropolitan area integrates twenty-one districts, including the foundational central area, which it is the seat of the city government. The city has a Nominal GDP of 9,445 million (USD) and a nominal GDP per capita of US$10,277, which represents a GDP per capita PPP of US$18,610 in the period 2015, being the second city with the highest economic activity in Peru.Arequipa is also an important industrial and commercial center of Peru, and is considered as the second industrial city of the country. Within its industrial activity the manufactured products and the textile production of wool of camelids. The town maintains close commercial links with Chile, Bolivia, and Brazil and with the cities connected by the South trainway, as well as with the port of Matarani.The city was founded on August 15, 1540, under the name of \"Beautiful Villa of Our Lady of the Assumption\" in the name of Marquis Francisco Pizarro. On September 22, 1541, the monarch Carlos V ordered that it should be called the \"City of Arequipa\". During the viceregal period, it acquired importance for its outstanding economic role, and is characterized by the fidelismo towards the Spanish Crown, which honored Arequipa with titles such as \"Very Noble and Very Loyal.\" In the Republican history of Peru, the city has been the focus of popular, civic and democratic rebellions. It has also been the cradle of notable intellectual, political and religious figures. In the Republican era, it was awarded the title of \"Heroic city of the freedom people of Arequipa\".Its historical center extends over an area of 332 hectares and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Historical heritage and monumental that it houses and its diverse scenic and cultural spaces turn it into a host city of national and international tourism, in its historical center it highlights the religious architecture viceregal and republican product of mixture of Spanish and autochthonous characteristics, that constituted an own stylistic school called \u00abArequipe\u00f1a School\u00bb whose influence arrived in Potos\u00ed (Bolivia).", "Q494784": "Bring Me the Horizon (often abbreviated as BMTH) are a British rock band formed in Sheffield in 2004. The group consists of lead vocalist Oliver Sykes, guitarist Lee Malia, bassist Matt Kean, drummer Matt Nicholls and keyboardist Jordan Fish. They are signed to RCA Records globally and Columbia Records exclusively in the United States.\nThe band released their debut album Count Your Blessings in 2006. Upon release, the album's sound polarised listeners, and was met with critical disdain. The band began to break away from their controversial sound with Suicide Season (2008), which was a creative, critical and commercial turning point for the band. Bring Me the Horizon released their third album, There Is a Hell Believe Me I've Seen It. There Is a Heaven Let's Keep It a Secret., in 2010, propelling them to greater international fame, whilst incorporating influences from classical, electronica and pop. Their major label debut, Sempiternal (2013) achieved Gold certification in Australia (35,000) and Silver in the United Kingdom (60,000). That's the Spirit (2015) debuted at number two in the UK Albums Chart and the US Billboard 200. Their sixth studio album Amo (2019) became their first UK chart topper. As well as these six studio albums, they have also released two extended plays and two live albums. They have received four Kerrang! Awards, including two for Best British Band and one for Best Live Band. They have also received two Grammy nominations.\nThe style of their early work, including their debut album Count Your Blessings, has been described primarily as deathcore, but they started to adopt a more eclectic style of metalcore on later albums. Furthermore, That's the Spirit marked a shift in their sound to less aggressive rock music styles. Amo saw a shift into different genres, such as electronica, pop and hip hop.", "Q513827": "Giovanna Gagliardo (born 12 December 1943) is an Italian film director and screenwriter. Her 1982 film Via degli specchi was entered into the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival. She is also known as a longtime partner (1968\u201380) to major Hungarian film director Mikl\u00f3s Jancs\u00f3.", "Q927879": "Ren\u00e9 Dumont (March 13, 1904 \u2013 June 18, 2001) was a French engineer in agronomy, a sociologist, and an environmental politician.", "Q108996": "Kathrin Giese-Stoll is an East German sprint canoer who competed in the early to mid-1980s. She won five medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with four golds (1981, (1982, 1983, 1985) and a silver (K-1 500 m: 1986).", "Q233006": "April Janet Pearson (born 23 January 1989) is an English actress, best known for her role as Michelle Richardson in the E4 teen drama series Skins.", "Q3162841": "Douglas Allen Collins (born August 16, 1966) is an American politician and a United States Representative from Georgia's 9th congressional district since 2013. Previously he was a state representative in the Georgia House of Representatives, representing the 27th district, which includes portions of Hall, Lumpkin, and White counties. Collins also serves as a chaplain in the U.S. Air Force Reserve with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He is a Republican.\nIn 2020, he is running in the special election for US Senate from Georgia.", "Q64108": "Engelberg (lit.: mountain of angel(s)) is a village resort and a municipality in the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland. Besides the village of Engelberg, the municipality also includes the settlements of Grafenort, Oberberg and Schwand.\nThe municipality of Engelberg is an exclave of Obwalden, surrounded by the cantons of Bern, Nidwalden and Uri.\nEngelberg is a major mountain resort in Central Switzerland. In the Middle Ages, Engelberg was known for the educational quality of its Benedictine monastery, Engelberg Abbey. From the 19th Century onwards Engelberg became internationally known as a mountain resort, but it is today visited as much for skiing as for its Alpine character. With its combination of modern snow and sports facilities and alpine location, Engelberg is popular today for both summer and winter tourism. The nearest large city is Lucerne.\nThe official language of Engelberg is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q466512": "Vikt\u00f3ria Moh\u00e1csi (born April 1, 1975 in Beretty\u00f3\u00fajfalu) is a Hungarian politician of Romani ethnicity. Between 2004 and 2009 she was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP), one of only a small caucus of Roma MEPs (another ethnic Romani member is L\u00edvia J\u00e1r\u00f3ka). She was a member of the Alliance of Free Democrats, part of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party). She replaced a party colleague, G\u00e1bor Demszky, on 1 December 2004. In the July 2009 European elections, she lost her seat.\nIn 2008 in Rome she was granted the \"Premio Minerva\" for her activity in defense of human rights of Roma.\nOn 21 October, Moh\u00e1csi, who has taken the lead in documenting violence toward the Roma in Hungary, received Human Rights First's 2010 annual award in New York.\nThe Movement for Desegregation Foundation led by the former European Parliament Member Vikt\u00f3ria Moh\u00e1csi, the leading domestic monitor of anti-Roma attacks and hate crimes documented 68 attacks, of which 12 lead to death between January 2008 and June 2010.\nIn 2009, Moh\u00e1csi requested police protection due to serious threats she had received. Newspaper N\u00e9pszabads\u00e1g reported in February 2012 that the former Member of European Parliament Moh\u00e1csi has asked for asylum in Canada.. While her request was at first refused in 2017 her appeal was successful in 2018.\n\n", "Q100312": "Leonard Lansink (born 7 January 1956) is a German actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films since 1983.\n\n", "Q87293": "Wilhelm August Ritter von Hartel (28 May 1839 \u2013 14 January 1907) was an Austrian philologist specializing in classical studies.", "Q1531129": "Glenn Robertson Yarbrough (January 12, 1930 \u2013 August 11, 2016) was an American folk singer and guitarist. He was the lead singer (tenor) with the Limeliters from 1959 to 1963. He also had a prolific solo career, recording on various labels.", "Q611736": "MV Bill, real name Alex Pereira Barbosa (born January 3, 1974), is a Brazilian rap singer, actor, songwriter and co-author of the best-selling book Falc\u00e3o - Meninos do Tr\u00e1fico. The initials \"MV\" stand for \"Mensageiro da Verdade\", Portuguese for \"Messenger of Truth\".\nMV Bill is one of the leading and most controversial rappers of Brazilian hip hop in Rio de Janeiro. Rio remains as the center of developing Brazilian politics. MV Bill is an advocate for getting the Brazilian youth out of the drug trade and into some other forms of self uplift, so he began a network of NGOs located in Rio, which strive to teach hip-hop skills, graffiti, and break dancing to children, alongside educational classes such as computer training. Many of his songs contain lyrics discussing the Brazilian youth lost to the trades and confrontations in Rio.\nMV Bill has also funneled his passion for social justice into a book, Cabe\u00e7a de Porco, that he co-authored with Celso Athayde and Luis Eduardo Soares, one of Brazil's foremost social anthropologists. The book, published in 2005, revolves around the issue of social injustice and violence in Brazil and discusses what must be done to solve the problem.His Teen Center is somewhat like the Brazilian version of 'THE VIADUCT' located in Tacoma, Washington. The center is run by volunteers.\nMV Bill appears in an episode of \"Black in Latin America\".\n\n", "Q448837": "Andr\u00e9 Lauren Benjamin (born May 27, 1975), better known by his stage name Andr\u00e9 3000 (formerly Dre, and not to be confused with Dr. Dre), is an American rapper and actor best known for being a part of hip hop duo Outkast alongside fellow rapper Big Boi. As an actor, Benjamin has made appearances in a number of films and television series, including Families, The Shield, Be Cool, Revolver, Semi-Pro, Four Brothers, and in the lead role of Jimi Hendrix in All Is by My Side. He currently plays Fredwynn on the AMC anthology series, Dispatches from Elsewhere.\nIn addition to music and acting, Benjamin has also been an entrepreneur and an advocate for animal rights. In the spring of 2008, he launched a clothing line called Benjamin Bixby. He is also known for his work on the Cartoon Network animated series Class of 3000.\nIn 2013, Complex included Benjamin on its list of the 10 best rappers of the 2000s. In 2015, Billboard included Benjamin on its list of the 10 Greatest Rappers of All Time.", "Q182463": "Pope Benedict IV (Latin: Benedictus IV; died 30 July 903) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 1 February 900 to his death. The tenth-century historian Flodoard, who nicknamed him \"the Great\", commended his noble birth and public generosity.\nBenedict was a native of Rome, the son of one Mammalus, and was ordained priest by Pope Formosus. He succeeded Pope John IX. In 900, he excommunicated Count Baldwin II of Flanders for murdering Archbishop Fulk of Reims. In 901, Benedict crowned Louis the Blind as emperor. In 902, Berengar of Friuli defeated Louis III and forced him to leave Italy. Benedict died in Rome during the summer of 903; it is possible that Berengar had some involvement. Benedict was buried in front of St Peter's Basilica, by the gate of Guido. He was followed by Pope Leo V.", "Q715222": "A lady-in-waiting or court lady is a female personal assistant at a court, royal or feudal, attending on a royal woman or a high-ranking noblewoman. Historically, in Europe, a lady-in-waiting was often a noblewoman, but of lower rank than the woman to whom she attended. Although she may either have been a retainer or may not have received compensation for the service she rendered, a lady-in-waiting was considered more of a secretary, courtier or companion to her mistress than a servant.\nIn other parts of the world outside Europe, the lady-in-waiting, often referred to as palace woman, was often in practice a servant or a slave rather than a high-ranking woman, but still had about the same tasks, functioning as companion and secretary to her mistress. In courts where polygamy was practised, a court lady was formally available to the monarch for sexual services, and she could become his wife, consort, courtesan, or concubine.Lady-in-waiting or court lady is often a generic term for women whose relative rank, title, and official functions varied, although such distinctions were also often honorary. A royal woman may or may not be free to select her ladies, and, even when she has such freedom, her choices are usually heavily influenced by the sovereign, her parents, her husband, or the sovereign's ministers (for example, in the Bedchamber Crisis).", "Q63667": "Salvador Novo L\u00f3pez (30 July 1904 \u2013 13 January 1974) was a Mexican writer, poet, playwright, translator, television presenter, entrepreneur, and the official chronicler of Mexico City. As a noted intellectual, he influenced popular perceptions of politics, media, the arts, and Mexican society in general. He was a member of Los Contempor\u00e1neos, a group of Mexican writers, as well as of the Mexican Academy of the Language.", "Q701257": "Osvaldo No\u00e9 Golijov (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261olixof]; born December 5, 1960) is an Argentine composer of classical music and music professor, known for his vocal and orchestral work.", "Q164858": "A Majority of One is a 1961 American comedy film directed by Mervyn LeRoy, starring Rosalind Russell and Alec Guinness. It was adapted from the play of the same name by Leonard Spigelgass, which was a Broadway hit in the 1959-1960 season, starring Gertrude Berg and Cedric Hardwicke.\n\n", "Q719418": "Vasily Vasilievich Rozanov (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u00f3\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432; 2 May [O.S. 20 April] 1856 \u2013 5 February 1919) was one of the most controversial Russian writers and philosophers of the pre-revolutionary epoch.\n\n", "Q29008": "Alfons Gorbach (2 September 1898 \u2013 31 July 1972) was an Austrian politician of the conservative People's Party (\u00d6VP). He served as Chancellor of Austria from 1961 to 1964.", "Q266991": "Alena \u0160eredov\u00e1 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8al\u025bna \u02c8\u0283\u025br\u025bdova\u02d0]; born 21 March 1978 Prague) is a Czech model and actress currently living and working in Italy.", "Q559090": "Fryderyk Getkant or Frederick Getkant (German: Friedrich Getkant, Latin: Fridericus Getkant, Lithuanian: Frydrichas (Brid\u017eius) Gedkantas) (1600\u20131666) was a Prussian military engineer of Lithuanian descent, artillery lieutenant and cartographer, (born in Ragnit or according to other sources in Rhineland, Holy Roman Empire). He is also known as a first who had written down Lithuanian folk song with melody in 1634.\n\nFrom 1620s he worked in Pomeranian Voivodeship - Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, on the problems of defence, especially those related to King W\u0142adys\u0142aw IV Vasa short-time maritime interests (Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy).He was one of the engineers working on fortifications in Gro\u00dfendorf (W\u0142adys\u0142awowo) and at Hela where Pomerania and Royal Prussia meet, (now Hel Peninsula) together with Johann Pleitner.\n\nUnder the threat of Russian military invasion Getkant organised reconstruction of Vilnius military objects. He also prepared city plans for Kaunas, Taurag\u0117 and Virbalis. \nAuthor of many plans, maps and atlases (especially of the lands near the Baltic Sea), among them, manuscript atlas of 15 military maps of grand fortresses and fortifications - Topographia practica conscripta et recognita per Fridericum Getkant, mechanicum (1638). Manuscript of his work covering mechanical and engineering aspects of his work was lost during the Lw\u00f3w fire in 1662.", "Q706538": "Rik Battaglia (byname of Caterino Bertaglia; 18 February 1927 \u2013 27 March 2015) was an Italian film actor. He was born at Corbola, near Rovigo, Veneto. \nHe mainly used the stage name of Rik Battaglia although alternate names he used for his films included Rick Austin, Riccardo Battaglia and Rick Battaglia. He would go on to appear in over 100 films from the 1955 to 1999.", "Q164680": "Peter Morwood (born 20 October 1956, Northern Ireland) is primarily a fantasy novelist and screenwriter, though he has also written works of science fiction; his best-known works include the Horse Lords series and the Tales of Old Russia series. He lives in Ireland with his wife, writer Diane Duane, with who he has co-authored several works.", "Q866831": "Memphis International Airport (IATA: MEM, ICAO: KMEM, FAA LID: MEM) is a civil-military airport seven miles (11 km) southeast of downtown Memphis in Shelby County, Tennessee, United States. Memphis International Airport covers 3,900 acres (1,600 ha) and has four runways.It is home to the FedEx Express global hub, which processes many of the company's packages. Non-stop FedEx destinations from Memphis include cities across the continental United States, Canada, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and South America. From 1993 to 2009, Memphis had the largest cargo operations of any airport worldwide. MEM dropped to the second position in 2010, just behind Hong Kong; however, it remains the busiest cargo airport in the United States and in the Western Hemisphere.On the passenger side, MEM averages over 80 passenger flights per day. The 164th Airlift Wing of the Tennessee Air National Guard is based at the co-located Memphis Air National Guard Base, operating C-17 Globemaster III transport aircraft.", "Q112716": "Leo Stein, born Leo Rosenstein (25 March 1861, Lemberg \u2013 28 July 1921, Vienna, Austria) was a playwright and librettist of operettas in the latter part of the 19th and early 20th centuries, including works adapted for a number of Broadway productions.\nStein wrote libretti for Johann Strauss Jr, Franz Leh\u00e1r, Emmerich K\u00e1lm\u00e1n, and Oskar Nedbal. His collaboration with Viktor L\u00e9on contributed much to Leh\u00e1r's success.\nA selection of his works includes Wiener Blut (1899), Die lustige Witwe (1905), Der Graf von Luxemburg (1909) and Die Cs\u00e1rd\u00e1sf\u00fcrstin (1915).Stein is buried at the Vienna Zentralfriedhof.", "Q1156345": "Meridiana Fly S.p.A., operating as Meridiana (formerly named Meridiana S.p.A), was a privately owned Italian airline headquartered in Olbia with its main base at Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport. It operated scheduled and charter flights to domestic, European and intercontinental destinations from several Italian bases. Some of its operations were carried out by the old Air Italy under the Meridiana brand. It was owned by Qatar Airways through AQA Holding (49%) and Alisarda S.p.A. (51%), who rebranded the airline as the new Air Italy effective 1 March 2018.", "Q84942": "Herbert Hupka (August 15, 1915 \u2013 August 24, 2006) was a German-Jewish journalist, politician (SPD and later the CDU), and advocate for the Germans expelled from neighbouring countries after the Second World War.", "Q13365776": "Uremia is the condition of having high levels of urea in the blood. Urea is one of the primary components of urine. It can be defined as an excess of amino acid and protein metabolism end products, such as urea and creatinine, in the blood that would be normally excreted in the urine. Uremic syndrome can be defined as the terminal clinical manifestation of kidney failure (also called renal failure). It is the signs, symptoms and results from laboratory tests which result from inadequate excretory, regulatory and endocrine function of the kidneys. Both uremia and uremic syndrome have been used interchangeably to denote a very high plasma urea concentration that is the result of renal failure. The former denotation will be used for the rest of the article.\nAzotemia is a similar, less severe condition with high levels of urea, where the abnormality can be measured chemically but is not yet so severe as to produce symptoms. Uremia describes the pathological and symptomatic manifestations of severe azotemia.There is no specific time for the onset of uremia for people with progressive loss of kidney function. People with kidney function below 50% (i.e. a glomerular filtration rate [GFR] between 50 and 60 mL) and over 30 years of age may have uremia to a degree. This means an estimated 8 million people in the United States with a GFR of less than 60 mL have uremic symptoms. The symptoms, such as fatigue, can be very vague, making the diagnosis of impaired kidney function difficult. Treatment is to perform dialysis or a renal transplant.", "Q206903": "K\u0131rklareli (Turkish pronunciation: [k\u026f\u027ek\u02c8\u026ba\u027eeli]) is a city in the European part of Turkey.", "Q355397": "Kenneth \"K. K.\" Downing Jr. (born 27 October 1951) is a British musician, co-founder and former guitarist of the heavy metal band Judas Priest, and an author.", "Q1865697": "Malcolm \"Little Mack\" Simmons (January 25, 1933 \u2013 October 24, 2000) was an American Chicago blues harmonica player, singer, and songwriter.", "Q2983656": "Sadiki College, also known as Coll\u00e8ge Sadiki (Tunisian Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629\u200e, \"El-Sadqiya High School\"), is a lyc\u00e9e (high school) in Tunis, Tunisia. It was established in 1875. Associations formed by its alumni played a major role in the early constitutionalist movement in the country.Noted alumni include ex-President Habib Bourguiba, politicians Mohamed Mzali and Mustapha Ben Jafar. Another alumnus was the creative writer Mahmoud Messadi.Sadiki historically has provided a bicultural, bilingual education. Many of the Tunisian elites, including Bourguiba, graduated from this school. These elites filled the positions of top responsibility of the Destour party. Charles A. Micaud of The Western Political Quarterly said \"[i]ts realistic strategy of struggle against colonialism became convincing even to Zit\u016bna students, many of whom came to form the medium and lower cadres of the party.\" The graduates of Sadiki placed a bilingual education system in Tunisia after its independence.", "Q1376987": "New College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1379 by William of Wykeham, the full name of the college is St Mary's College of Winchester in Oxford. The name \"New College\", however, soon came to be used following its completion in 1386 to distinguish it from the older existing college of St Mary, now known as Oriel College.In 2017, the college ranked first in the Norrington Table, a table assessing the relative performance of Oxford's undergraduates in final examinations. Historically, it has been ranked highly. It has the 3rd highest average Norrington Table ranking over the previous decade. The college is between Holywell Street and New College Lane (known for Oxford's Bridge of Sighs), next to All Souls College, Harris Manchester College, Hertford College, The Queen's College and St Edmund Hall. The college's sister college is King's College, Cambridge.\nThe college is one of the main choral foundations of the University of Oxford. The college choir is regarded as one of the leading choirs of the world, and has recorded over one hundred albums; it has been awarded two Gramophone Awards.\nLike many of Oxford's colleges, New College admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979, after six centuries as an institution for men only.", "Q323201": "Keenen Ivory Desuma Wayans Sr. (born June 8, 1958) is an American actor, comedian, filmmaker, and a member of the Wayans family of entertainers. He first came to prominence as the host and the creator of the 1990\u20131994 Fox sketch comedy series In Living Color. He has produced, directed and/or written several films, starting with Hollywood Shuffle, which he cowrote, in 1987.\nA majority of his films have included him and one or more of his brothers and sisters in the cast.\nOne of these films, Scary Movie (2000), which Wayans directed, was the highest-grossing movie directed by an African American until it was surpassed by Tim Story's Fantastic Four in 2005. From 1997 to 1998, he hosted the talk show The Keenen Ivory Wayans Show. Most recently, he was a judge for the eighth season of Last Comic Standing.", "Q721839": "Ephraim George Squier (June 17, 1821 \u2013 April 17, 1888), usually cited as E. G. Squier, was an American archaeologist, history writer, painter and newspaper editor.", "Q68054": "Gudrun Landgrebe (born 20 June 1950) is a German actress.\nLandgrebe was born in G\u00f6ttingen, grew up in Bochum, and attended theatre school in Cologne from 1968 until 1971. In 1971 she made her debut at Stadttheater Bielefeld. She also appeared in Heimat as the character Kl\u00e4rchen Sisse. Since 1981 she has frequently appeared in German movies - her first film role was in the comedy Dabbel Trabbel. In 1983 she gained international fame in the Robert van Ackerens movie Die flambierte Frau. Further movies such as Istvan Szabo's Oberst Redl (1985), Yerma (1984) and Burkhard Driest's Annas Mutter (1984) followed. In 1985 she appeared alongside Kevin McNally in Liliana Cavani's The Berlin Affair.\nShe appeared in 1998 in the TV movie Opera Ball with Heiner Lauterbach and Franka Potente. In 1997 she was in Rossini \u2013 oder die m\u00f6rderische Frage, wer mit wem schlief, with Mario Adorf, Veronica Ferres, Heiner Lauterbach, Jan Josef Liefers and G\u00f6tz George, directed by Helmut Dietl.\nLandgrebe has been married to Dr. Ulrich von Nathusius since June 2001 and lives in Hunsr\u00fcck.", "Q778794": "Dante Maggio (2 March 1909 \u2013 3 March 1992) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in 115 films between 1940 and 1975.\nBorn in Naples into a family of actors, Maggio had a turbulent adolescence that led his father to send him in an institute for problematic minors. He debuted on stage aged 18 years old. He worked on stage in several sceneggiate and with the companies of Anna Fougez and Raffaele Viviani before creating his own revue company.Maggio was the brother of actors Enzo, Rosalia, Beniamino and Pupella Maggio.", "Q1574313": "Robert Ward (October 15, 1938 \u2013 December 25, 2008) was an American blues and soul guitarist. He was known for founding the Ohio Untouchables, the band that later would become the Ohio Players. He played the guitar with a unique tone soaked in vibrato coming from a Magnatone amplifier.", "Q711722": "Mois\u00e9s Na\u00edm (born July 5, 1952) is a Venezuelan journalist and writer. He is a Distinguished Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. In 2013, the British magazine Prospect listed Naim as one of the world's leading thinkers. In 2014 and 2015, Dr. Na\u00edm was ranked among the top 100 influential global thought leaders by Gottlieb Duttweiler Institute (GDI) for his book The End of Power. \"The End of Power\" was also selected as the first book for followers of Mark Zuckerberg's 2015 book club to read.Naim served as the editor-in-chief of Foreign Policy magazine for 14 years (1996-2010). Since 2012, he has directed and hosted Efecto Na\u00edm, a weekly educational televised news program on economy and international affairs that airs throughout the Americas on NTN24. In 2011, he received the Ortega y Gasset Prize for his important contribution to journalism in the Spanish language.\nHe is the former Minister of Trade and Industry for Venezuela and Executive Director of the World Bank.\n\n", "Q434254": "Melanie Chartoff (born December 15, 1948) is an American actress, voice actress and singer. She first became famous for her comedy work on the ABC series Fridays (1980\u201382), and in the 1990s Fox sitcom Parker Lewis Can't Lose. She voiced both Didi Pickles and Grandma Minka on the two animated shows Rugrats and All Grown Up!.", "Q67367": "Niederried bei Kallnach is a former municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nTo the southeast of the municipality lies the Niederried reservoir. It is a refuge of international importance for water and wading birds.\nThe municipality of Niederried bei Kallnach merged on 1 January 2013 into Kallnach.", "Q945024": "Roni Milo (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d0\u200e, born 26 November 1949 as Ron Milikovsky) is an Israeli politician, lawyer and journalist, and a former Knesset member who held several ministerial positions. He was also mayor of Tel Aviv from 1993 to 1998.\n\n", "Q3108440": "Ven Te Chow (\u5468\u6587\u5fb7; October 7, 1919, Hangzhou, China, \u2013 July 30, 1981), was an engineer and educator. He was a widely recognized hydrologist and engineer throughout the world, acclaimed for his contributions to hydrology and water resources development. \nHe was a professor of Civil and Hydrosystems Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He received his B.S. degree in civil engineering from the National Chiao Tung University (\u570b\u7acb\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b78) in 1940, his M.S. degree in engineering mechanics from Pennsylvania State University in 1948, and his Ph.D. degree in hydraulic engineering from the University of Illinois in 1950. \nChow joined the faculty of the University of Illinois in the Department of Civil Engineering in 1948 and became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1962. Some of his unusual contributions include his watershed experimentation system, which produced storms in the laboratory using sophisticated electronic, pneumatic, and sonar controls. At the time it was one of the most sophisticated laboratories in the world for physical hydrology and attracted worldwide attention and interest among scientists, engineers, and the public. It was the subject of an article that appeared in Life magazine on June 6, 1969, and was also addressed in the 1969 March issue of Public Works magazine. \nWith this unique instrumentation, he introduced a new field of technology known as watershed hydraulics. He also developed a formula for hydrologic frequency drainage design, a method of backwater curve computation.\nChow was the founder and first president of the International Water Resources Association (IWRA). Under Ven Te Chow's leadership, the IWRA began publishing the academic journal Water International in 1975. Over the last 49 years, IWRA has actively promoted the sustainable management of water resources around the globe and become one of the most influential organizations in the field of water. The IWRA Ven Te Chow Memorial Award was created by the IWRA in his memory. The award includes a lecture, to be delivered at its triennial World Water Congresses. In 2008, Professor John Pigram received the Award at the XIII World Water Congress. In 2011, the Award was given to Dr. Peter Gleick. The 2015 recipient of the Ven Te Chow Memorial Award was Rabi Mohtar.\n\n", "Q221364": "Jaden Christopher Syre Smith (born July 8, 1998), known mononymously as Jaden, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and actor. He is the son of Jada Pinkett Smith and Will Smith. Jaden Smith's first movie role was with his father in the 2006 film The Pursuit of Happyness. He also acted in the 2008 remake of The Day the Earth Stood Still and the 2010 remake of The Karate Kid, and was in the 2013 film After Earth with his father.\nFollowing the critical panning of After Earth, Smith distanced himself from acting and the film industry, deciding to focus on music instead. He released CTV2, his second mixtape, in November 2014. Following a three-year work effort, he released his debut studio album, Syre, on November 17, 2017. His second studio album, Erys, was released on July 5, 2019.\nSmith has returned to acting as of 2017, acting in the two part Netflix original The Get Down and a voice acting role in the Netflix original anime, Neo Yokio.\n\n", "Q92846": "Hermann Maurer (born April 26, 1941) is an Austrian computer scientist, serving as Professor of Computer Science at the Graz University of Technology. He has supervised over 40 dissertations, written more than 20 books and over 600 scientific articles, and started or been involved with a number of companies.", "Q1140241": "The State University of New York (SUNY ) is a system of public institutions of higher education in New York. It is the largest comprehensive system of universities, colleges, and community colleges in the United States, with a total enrollment of 424,051 students, plus 2,195,082 adult education students, spanning 64 campuses across the state. Led by Chancellor Kristina M. Johnson, the SUNY system has 91,182 employees, including 32,496 faculty members, and some 7,660 degree and certificate programs overall and a $10.7 billion budget. The University at Buffalo, founded by U.S. President Millard Fillmore, is the SUNY campus with the highest enrollment, most number of applicants and an endowment more than double of any other SUNY. SUNY includes many institutions and four university Centers: Albany (1844), Binghamton (1946), Buffalo (1846), and Stony Brook (1957). SUNY's administrative offices are in Albany, the state's capital, with satellite offices in Manhattan and Washington, D.C. With 25,000 acres of land, SUNY's largest campus is SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, and the University at Buffalo, has the greatest endowment and research funding.The State University of New York was established in 1948 by Governor Thomas E. Dewey, through legislative implementation of recommendations made by the Temporary Commission on the Need for a State University (1946\u20131948). The Commission was chaired by Owen D. Young, who was at the time Chairman of General Electric. The system was greatly expanded during the administration of Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller, who took a personal interest in design and construction of new SUNY facilities across the state.\nApart from units of the City University of New York (CUNY), SUNY comprises all other institutions of higher education statewide that are state-supported. (SUNY and CUNY are completely separate systems.)\n\n", "Q2108769": "Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery (Russian: \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435, lit. Transfiguration Cemetery) is a cemetery in the eastern part of Moscow long associated with Old Believers. It was inaugurated by a Fedoseevtsy merchant in 1777 as a plague quarantine disguising the Bespopovtsy monastery. At that time the territory of the cemetery was located outside Moscow, but near its border. The cemetery soon became the spiritual and administrative center of all the Fedoseevtsy in Russia (just like the Rogozhskoe cemetery became an administrative and cultural centre for most Popovtsy Old Believers).\n\nThe cloister consisted of two equal square areas, a monastery for men and a nunnery for women, separated by a road to the cemetery. Construction work was in progress throughout the 1790s and the first decade of the 19th century. At that time, the monastery asylum was home to 1,500 people, while the chapels were attended by as many as 10,000 Old Believers. Every church within the monastery was styled a chapel; like other Bespopovtsy, the Fedoseevtsy reject priesthood, and so even their largest temples are called chapels rather than churches, since they have no altar. The area was surrounded by brick walls with decorative pseudo-gothic towers. \nIn the mid-19th century the \"male\" part of the monastery was confiscated from the Fedoseevtsy by the imperial administration to be transformed into the monastery of the Edinovertsy, the only legal denomination of Old Believers in Imperial Russia. The cloister, which came to be known as the St Nicholas Monastery of the Edinovertsy, boasted the largest collection of Old Believer literature (the Khludov bequest) and as many as 1,300 ancient icons.\nAfter the October Revolution the St. Nicholas Monastery was occupied by the Obnovlentsy, while the icons and the books were taken to the State Historical Museum and the Tretyakov Gallery. Later the monastery was divided between the Pomortsy Old Believers and the nearby parish of the official Russian Orthodox Church. The orthodox parish took a church above the gates with surrounding quarters, a bell-tower and a western part of the temple. The eastern part of the temple and several utilities in the western part of the territory belong to Pomortsy. The two parts of a single temple are currently separated by a thick brick wall, and compartments are occupied by different denominations. The women's part of Preobrazhenka avoided such a dissension, and still belongs to the Fedoseevtsy.\nThe cemetery is also noted as a place where the first Eternal flame in Moscow was kindled in order to commemorate the World War II dead.", "Q58197": "Edward Nalbandian (Armenian: \u0537\u0564\u057e\u0561\u0580\u0564 \u0546\u0561\u056c\u0562\u0561\u0576\u0564\u0575\u0561\u0576; born July 16, 1956) is a prominent Armenian diplomat. He was the 7th Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia and served in that capacity from April 2008 to May 2018.", "Q162597": "Henri Lefebvre ( l\u0259-FEV-r\u0259, French: [\u0251\u0303\u0281i l\u0259f\u025bv\u0281]; 16 June 1901 \u2013 29 June 1991) was a French Marxist philosopher and sociologist, best known for pioneering the critique of everyday life, for introducing the concepts of the right to the city and the production of social space, and for his work on dialectics, alienation, and criticism of Stalinism, existentialism, and structuralism. In his prolific career, Lefebvre wrote more than sixty books and three hundred articles. He founded or took part in the founding of several intellectual and academic journals such as Philosophies, La Revue Marxiste, Arguments, Socialisme et Barbarie, Espaces et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s.", "Q683532": "Rafael Wenceslao N\u00fa\u00f1ez Moledo (September 28, 1825 \u2013 September 18, 1894) was a Colombian author, lawyer, journalist and politician, who was elected president of Colombia in 1880 and in 1884. N\u00fa\u00f1ez was the leader of the so-called \"Regeneration\" process which produced the Colombian Constitution of 1886 which was to remain until 1991", "Q182305": "Edith Gy\u00f6mr\u0151i Ludowyk (8 September 1896 \u2013 11 February 1987) was a Hungarian Jewish psychotherapist, poet and communist. She was one of the handful of European Radicals in Sri Lanka.", "Q253094": "The Kingdom of Hungary between 1526 and 1867, while outside the Holy Roman Empirenote 1, was part of the lands of the Habsburg Monarchy that became the Empire of Austria in 1804. After the Battle of Moh\u00e1cs of 1526, the country was ruled by two crowned kings (John I and Ferdinand I). Initially the exact territory under Habsburg rule was disputed because both rulers claimed the whole kingdom. This unsettled period lasted until 1570 when John Sigismund Z\u00e1polya (John II) abdicated as King of Hungary in Emperor Maximilian II's favor.\nIn the early stages, the lands that were ruled by the Habsburg Hungarian kings were regarded both as \"the Kingdom of Hungary\" and \"Royal Hungary\". Royal Hungary was the symbol of the continuity of formal law after the Ottoman occupation, because it could preserve its legal traditions. however in general it was de facto a Habsburg province. The Hungarian nobility forced Vienna to admit that Hungary was a special unit of the Habsburg lands and had to be ruled in conformity with her own special laws. Although, Hungarian historiography positioned Transylvania in a direct continuity with Medieval Kingdom of Hungary in pursuance of the advancement of Hungarian interests.Under the terms of the Treaty of Karlowitz, which ended the Great Turkish War in 1699, the Ottomans ceded nearly all of Ottoman Hungary. The new territories were united with the territory of Kingdom of Hungary, and, although its powers were mostly formal, a Diet seated in Pressburg ruled these lands.\nTwo major Hungarian rebellions as the R\u00e1k\u00f3czi's War of Independence in the beginning of the 18th century and the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 marked important shifts in the evolution of the polity. The kingdom became a dual monarchy in 1867 known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire.", "Q367443": "Adria Santana (29 August 1948 \u2013 30 September 2011) was a Cuban actress best known for her work in the theater.", "Q99913": "Marion Anna Fischer (born 18 July 1986) is a German actress and singer. Since 2003, she appeared in over 30 film and television roles in appearance. She is most recognised to international audiences as the perky vampire Nora in Dennis Gansel's drama film We Are The Night.", "Q5378285": "The English High School of Boston, Massachusetts, United States, is the first public high school in America, founded in 1821. Originally called The English Classical School, it was renamed The English High School upon its first relocation in 1824. The current building is located in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston. The school is a part of Boston Public Schools (BPS).", "Q1186372": "John William Henry II (born September 13, 1949) is an American businessman and investor and the founder of John W. Henry & Company, an investment management firm. He is the principal owner of Liverpool Football Club, the Boston Red Sox, The Boston Globe, and co-owner of Roush Fenway Racing. In March 2006, Boston estimated Henry's net worth at $1.1 billion but noted that his company had recently experienced difficulties. In November 2012, the company announced that it would stop managing clients' money by the end of the year, and Henry confirmed that total assets under the firm's management had fallen from $2.5 billion in 2006 to less than $100 million as of late 2012. As of July 2017, Forbes estimated his net worth to be $2.6 billion.", "Q54975": "Kiler\u00f3w 2-\u00f3ch (Two Kilers) is a continuation of Kiler movie, directed in 1997. The film premiered 8 January 1999 in Poland and like the first part it has received financial and critical success.", "Q1066292": "Charles Tyson Yerkes ( YUR-keez; June 25, 1837 \u2013 December 29, 1905) was an American financier. He played a major part in developing mass-transit systems in Chicago and London.", "Q106005": "Hossein Sabet Baktash (Persian: \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u200e, born in Mashhad) is an Iranian businessman and Persian carpet dealer. Sabet has a BSc in engineering and resides in Berlin, Germany.In 1970 he has founded a Hotelkomplex Stella Canarias, located in Jandia on the island Fuerteventura. Stella Canaris was sold in 2000 to the Spanish Hotel Group Dunas. After Dunas declared insolvency Sabet took over the management in 2010. After unpaid bills the Hotel shut down from 2013 to 2016.In 1981 Sabet bought the Berlin newspaper Der Abend.Hossein Sabet was the Architect and owner of the Dariush Grand Hotel. The Project included a Dolphin Park and Birds Garden in Kish Island. In 2014 Sabet sold the Project to Seyed Abdoulreza Mousavi.\n\n", "Q1142456": "GOOD Music (stylized as G.O.O.D. Music) (a backronym of Getting Out Our Dreams) is an American record label founded by rapper Kanye West in 2004. The label signed an exclusive long-term worldwide label agreement with The Island Def Jam Music Group in 2011. In 2012, the label released its debut compilation album Cruel Summer. In 2015, Pusha T was appointed the president of the label by West.The label has released two number-one Billboard Hot 100 singles; \"All of Me\" and \"Panda\", and six number-one Billboard 200 albums; Finding Forever, Dark Sky Paradise, The Life of Pablo, I Decided, Ye, and Jesus Is King.", "Q132388": "Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca (November 1, 1864 \u2013 February 18, 1917) was the first Hispano elected for office as lieutenant governor in New Mexico's first election. His term as lieutenant governor was followed by his election as the second elected governor of New Mexico. This term was brief as he died shortly after taking office. He was the state's first elected Hispanic governor, and the first governor born in New Mexico after its annexation by the United States.\n\n", "Q29654286": "The Kingdom of Cappadocia was a Hellenistic-era Iranian kingdom centered in the historical region of Cappadocia in Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). It developed from the former Achaemenid satrapy of Cappadocia, and it was founded by its last satrap, Ariarathes (later Ariarathes I). Throughout its history, it was ruled by three families in succession; the House of Ariarathes (331\u201396 BC), the House of Ariobarzanes (96 BC\u201336 BC), and lastly that of Archelaus (36 BC\u201317 AD). In 17 AD, following the death of Archelaus, during the reign of Roman emperor Tiberius (14\u201337), the kingdom was incorporated as a Roman province.", "Q314485": "Edward Fitzgerald Burns (born January 29, 1968) is an American actor, producer, writer, and director best known for appearing in several films including Saving Private Ryan (1998), 15 Minutes (2001), Life or Something Like It (2002), Confidence (2003), A Sound of Thunder (2005), The Holiday (2006), The Groomsmen (2006), One Missed Call (2008), 27 Dresses (2008), Man on a Ledge (2012), Friends with Kids (2012), and Alex Cross (2012). Burns directed movies such as The Brothers McMullen (1995), She's the One (1996), Sidewalks of New York (2001), Purple Violets (2007), and The Fitzgerald Family Christmas (2012). He also starred as Bugsy Siegel in the TNT crime drama series Mob City and as Terry Muldoon in TNT's Public Morals.", "Q187255": "Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. Most commonly, the wrist and hands are involved, with the same joints typically involved on both sides of the body. The disease may also affect other parts of the body. This may result in a low red blood cell count, inflammation around the lungs, and inflammation around the heart. Fever and low energy may also be present. Often, symptoms come on gradually over weeks to months.While the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not clear, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The underlying mechanism involves the body's immune system attacking the joints. This results in inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule. It also affects the underlying bone and cartilage. The diagnosis is made mostly on the basis of a person's signs and symptoms. X-rays and laboratory testing may support a diagnosis or exclude other diseases with similar symptoms. Other diseases that may present similarly include systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, and fibromyalgia among others.The goals of treatment are to reduce pain, decrease inflammation, and improve a person's overall functioning. This may be helped by balancing rest and exercise, the use of splints and braces, or the use of assistive devices. Pain medications, steroids, and NSAIDs are frequently used to help with symptoms. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate, may be used to try to slow the progression of disease. Biological DMARDs may be used when disease does not respond to other treatments. However, they may have a greater rate of adverse effects. Surgery to repair, replace, or fuse joints may help in certain situations. Most alternative medicine treatments are not supported by evidence.RA affects about 24.5 million people as of 2015. This is between 0.5 and 1% of adults in the developed world with 5 and 50 per 100,000 people newly developing the condition each year. Onset is most frequent during middle age and women are affected 2.5 times as frequently as men. In 2013, it resulted in 38,000 deaths up from 28,000 deaths in 1990. The first recognized description of RA was made in 1800 by Dr. Augustin Jacob Landr\u00e9-Beauvais (1772\u20131840) of Paris. The term rheumatoid arthritis is based on the Greek for watery and inflamed joints.", "Q70633": "Monteceneri is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It was created on 21 November 2010 through the merger of the municipalities of Medeglia, Bironico, Camignolo, Rivera and Sigirino.", "Q236630": "Marcel Paul Pagnol (; French: [ma\u0281s\u025bl p\u0254l pa\u0272\u0254l]; 28 February 1895 \u2013 18 April 1974) was a French novelist, playwright, and filmmaker. Regarded as an auteur, in 1946, he became the first filmmaker elected to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise. Although his work is less fashionable than it once was, Pagnol is still generally regarded as one of France's greatest 20th-century writers and is notable for the fact that he excelled in almost every medium\u2014memoir, novel, drama and film.", "Q270665": "Shilpa Shetty Kundra (born 8 June 1975) is an Indian actress and television personality primarily known for her work in Hindi films and the winner of Celebrity Big Brother 5.", "Q433513": "Peter William Krause (; born August 12, 1965) is an American television and film actor. He has played lead roles in multiple television series, portraying Casey McCall on Sports Night (1998\u20132000), Nate Fisher on Six Feet Under (2001\u20132005), Nick George on Dirty Sexy Money (2007\u20132009), Adam Braverman on Parenthood (2010\u20132015), Benjamin Jones on The Catch (2016\u20132017), and Bobby Nash on 9-1-1 (2018\u2013present).\nFor his work on Six Feet Under, Krause was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, and seven Screen Actors Guild Awards, winning twice for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series.", "Q60420": "Franz G\u00fcrtner (26 August 1881 \u2013 29 January 1941) was a German Minister of Justice in Adolf Hitler's cabinet, responsible for coordinating jurisprudence in the Third Reich. He provided official sanction and legal grounds for a series of actions under the governments of Franz von Papen, Kurt von Schleicher and Hitler from 1932 until his death in 1941.", "Q264610": "Anna Christine Nalick (born March 30, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter. Her debut album, Wreck of the Day, featuring her first radio hit, \"Breathe (2 AM)\", was released on April 19, 2005. Nalick left her label under Sony in 2009 after a falling-out surrounding the release of her second album. Nalick's second album Broken Doll & Odds & Ends was released on June 5, 2011. On October 19, 2017, Nalick released her third full-length album At Now. Nalick's fourth album The Blackest Crow was released December 6, 2019.", "Q428655": "Martial Outlaw is a 1993 action/martial arts film written by Thomas Ritz, produced by Pierre David, directed by Kurt Anderson and stars Jeff Wincott, Gary Hudson and Richard Jaeckel.", "Q232456": "Macy Gray (born Natalie Ren\u00e9e McIntyre on September 6, 1967) is an American R&B and soul singer-songwriter, musician, record producer and actress. She is known for her distinctive raspy voice and a singing style heavily influenced by Billie Holiday.\nGray has released ten studio albums, and received five Grammy Award nominations, winning one. She has appeared in a number of films, including Training Day, Spider-Man, Scary Movie 3, Lackawanna Blues, Idlewild, For Colored Girls, and The Paperboy. Gray is best known for her international hit single \"I Try\", taken from her multi-platinum debut album On How Life Is.\nIn 2016, Gray made a large artistic leap by changing labels to record an album produced with binaural sound. Stripped (Chesky Records, 2016) marked the singer's first steps into the world of audiophile recordings.", "Q1652344": "Susan Rasinski McCaw (born 1962) is a businesswoman, former diplomat and philanthropist. She served as the U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of Austria (2005-2007) and is currently President of SRM Capital Investments, a private investment firm. McCaw has worked in the investment industry for over twenty-five years. Previously, she was President of COM Investments and a Principal at Robertson Stephens & Co., a San Francisco-based investment bank. McCaw also worked as an Associate in Robertson Stephens Venture Capital Group. McCaw started her career as a Business Analyst for McKinsey & Company in New York and Hong Kong. \nMcCaw serves on several boards including Lions Gate Entertainment Corp. (NYSE: LGF.B), Air Lease Corporation (NYSE: AL), Teach For America, the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research. She is also an Overseer at the Hoover Institution where she is vice chair of the executive committee. In addition, McCaw is a founding board member and board chair of the Malala Fund, a nonprofit founded by Malala Yousafzai that fights for girls' education. McCaw also serves on the Khan Academy Global Advisory Board, the Knight-Hennessy Scholars Global Advisory Board and Harvard Business School\u2019s Board of Dean\u2019s Advisors. McCaw is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Council of American Ambassadors. She is Trustee Emerita of Stanford University where she chaired the Development and Globalization committees.", "Q1849355": "Michael Scott (born 14 December 1958) is a Scottish singer, songwriter and musician. He is the founding member, lead singer, guitarist and songwriter of rock band The Waterboys. He has also produced two solo albums, Bring 'em All In and Still Burning. Scott is a vocalist, guitarist and pianist, and has played a large range of other instruments, including the bouzouki, drums, and Hammond organ on his albums. Scott is also a published writer, having released his autobiography, Adventures of a Waterboy, in 2012.\nHaving begun a musical career in the 1970s that has continued to this day, Scott has been making music professionally since the 1980s and is well known for his radical changes in music genres throughout what he refers to as his \"allegedly unorthodox\" career. Scott currently lives in Dublin, Ireland.\n\n", "Q12908": "George Soros, Hon (born Schwartz Gy\u00f6rgy; August 12, 1930) is a Hungarian-American billionaire investor and philanthropist. As of February 2018, he had a net worth of $8 billion, having donated more than $32 billion to his philanthropic agency, the Open Society Foundations.Born in Budapest, Soros survived Nazi Germany-occupied Hungary and emigrated to the United Kingdom in 1947. He attended the London School of Economics, graduating with a bachelor's and eventually a master's degree in philosophy. Soros began his business career by taking various jobs at merchant banks in the United Kingdom and then the United States, before starting his first hedge fund, Double Eagle, in 1969. Profits from his first fund furnished the seed money to start Soros Fund Management, his second hedge fund, in 1970. Double Eagle was renamed to Quantum Fund and was the principal firm Soros advised. At its founding, Quantum Fund had $12 million in assets under management, and as of 2011 it had $25 billion, the majority of Soros's overall net worth.Soros is known as \"The Man Who Broke the Bank of England\" because of his short sale of US$10 billion worth of pounds sterling, which made him a profit of $1 billion during the 1992 Black Wednesday UK currency crisis. Based on his early studies of philosophy, Soros formulated an application of Karl Popper's General Theory of Reflexivity to capital markets, which he claims renders a clear picture of asset bubbles and fundamental/market value of securities, as well as value discrepancies used for shorting and swapping stocks.Soros is a well-known supporter of progressive and liberal political causes, to which he dispenses donations through his foundation, the Open Society Foundations. Between 1979 and 2011, he donated more than $11 billion to various philanthropic causes; by 2017, his donations \"on civil initiatives to reduce poverty and increase transparency, and on scholarships and universities around the world\" totaled $12 billion. He influenced the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and provided one of Europe's largest higher education endowments to the Central European University in his Hungarian hometown. His extensive funding of political causes has made him a \"bugaboo of European nationalists\". Numerous American conservatives have promoted false claims that characterize Soros as a singularly dangerous \"puppet master\" behind a variety of alleged global plots, with The New York Times reporting that by 2018 these claims had \"moved from the fringes to the mainstream\" of Republican politics. Conspiracy theories targeting Soros, who is of Jewish descent, have often been described as antisemitic.", "Q72024": "Vijessna Ferkic (born April 28, 1987 near Hamburg, West Germany) is a German-American actress, visual artist and writer.\n\n", "Q3741555": "Federica Guidi (born 19 May 1969) is an Italian businesswoman and the former Minister of Economic Development.", "Q233748": "Rajiv Hari Om Bhatia (born 9 September 1967), known professionally as Akshay Kumar, is a Canadian actor, producer, martial artist and television personality who works in Bollywood films. In a career spanning over 29 years, Kumar has appeared in over 100 films and has won several awards, including the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in Rustom (2016), and two Filmfare Awards for Ajnabee (2001) and Garam Masala (2005).\nKumar is one of the most successful Bollywood actors of all time, having starred in 113 films, 52 of which were commercially successful..\nHe was the first Bollywood actor whose films' domestic net lifetime collections crossed \u20b920 billion (US$280 million) by 2013, and \u20b930 billion (US$420 million) by 2016. Having done so, he has established himself as one of the prominent actors of Hindi cinema. When he began his acting career in the 1990s, he primarily starred in action films. Later, Kumar also gained fame for his drama, romantic and comic roles.\nApart from acting, Kumar has worked as a stunt actor; he has often performed many dangerous stunts in his films, which has earned him the sobriquet \"Indian Jackie Chan\". In 2008, he hosted the show Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi. In 2009, he founded the Hari Om Entertainment production company and Grazing Goat Pictures production company in 2012. In 2014, Kumar launched the TV reality show Dare 2 Dance. He also owns the team Khalsa Warriors in the World Kabaddi League. As of 2019, Kumar was on the Forbes list of the highest paid entertainers in the world, and he was the highest paid in India.In 2008, the University of Windsor conferred an honorary Doctorate on Kumar in recognition of his contribution to Indian cinema. In 2009, he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India. In 2011, The Asian Awards honoured Kumar for his outstanding achievement in cinema.", "Q97916": "Tino Hanekamp (born 1979) is a German journalist and author. In 2012, he was awarded the F\u00f6rderpreis Komische Literatur, for his first novel So was von da.", "Q88836": "Manfred R\u00f6mbell (3 December 1941, Bildstock \u2013 22 June 2010, Saarbr\u00fccken) was a German author.", "Q1026846": "California Polytechnic State University (California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, or Cal Poly) is a public university in San Luis Obispo, California. It is one of two polytechnics in the California State University system.\nThe university is organized into six colleges offering 65 bachelor's and 39 master's degrees. Cal Poly San Luis Obispo primarily focuses on undergraduate education and as of fall 2018 Cal Poly has 21,037 undergraduate and 775 graduate students. The academic focus is fostering a comprehensive undergraduate education, combining technical and professional curricula with the arts and humanities. The university is located in San Luis Obispo, California, often noted as one of the happiest cities in the United States, with many alumni in Silicon Valley. The university's athletic teams participate in the Big West Conference.", "Q62237": "Georg Leber (7 October 1920 \u2013 21 August 2012) was a German Trades Union leader and a politician in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).", "Q535610": "Manabu \"MAX\" Orido (Shinjitai: \u7e54\u6238 \u5b66, Orido Manabu, born Funabashi, Chiba, 3 December 1968; alternative nickname Monkichi) is a Japanese racing driver who currently competes in the Super GT series for Team JLOC, driving a Lamborghini Gallardo, and in the D1GP for his own team, MAX\u2605ORIDO Racing, driving a V8-powered Toyota 86.", "Q330533": "The Seventeen Provinces were the Imperial states of the Habsburg Netherlands in the 16th century. They roughly covered the Low Countries, i.e. what is now the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and most of the French departments of Nord (French Flanders and French Hainaut) and Pas-de-Calais (Artois). Also within this area were semi-independent fiefdoms, mainly ecclesiastical ones, such as Li\u00e8ge, Cambrai and Stavelot-Malmedy.\nThe Seventeen Provinces arose from the Burgundian Netherlands, a number of fiefs held by the House of Valois-Burgundy and inherited by the Habsburg dynasty in 1482, from 1556 held by Habsburg Spain. Starting in 1512 the Provinces formed the major part of the Burgundian Circle. In 1581 the Seven United Provinces seceded to form the Dutch Republic.", "Q62551": "Mikhail Mikhailovich Kasyanov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0441\u044c\u044f\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u2013 Russian pronunciation: [m\u02b2\u026ax\u0250\u02c8i\u026b m\u02b2\u026a\u02c8xaj\u026b\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 k\u0250\u02c8s\u02b2jan\u0259f]; born 8 December 1957) is a Russian politician who served as Prime Minister of Russia from 2000 to 2004. Previously he had served as First Deputy Prime Minister in 2000 and Minister of Finance from 1999 to 2000. During the 1990s he worked in President Boris Yeltsin's administration in different positions before joining President Vladimir Putin's first administration. Since leaving the government over disagreements on economic policy, he has become one of the leading critics of President Putin and an opposition leader.\nIn 2008, Kasyanov was a candidate in the election of President of Russia but in the middle of the campaign was denied participation on political grounds. In 2010, he co-founded the coalition For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption People's Freedom Party \"For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption\" and became one of the leaders of the People's Freedom Party. He was an active speaker during the 2011\u20132013 Russian protests for fair elections. Since 2015, he has served as the leader of the political party People's Freedom Party (PARNAS). In 2005\u20132007, he was one of the leaders of the opposition coalition The Other Russia and democratic protest movement.\n\n", "Q7297161": "Ray Baker (born July 9, 1948) is an American theater, television and film actor. Baker was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He is a long time character actor with over 100 credits on television and film. Baker is credited either as Ray or Raymond. He grew up in Denver, Colorado and graduated from Denver University, before moving to New York and living and working there for twenty years. Ray appeared on and off Broadway and in regional theatre. He currently lives in Los Angeles, is married to actress and playwright Colleen Dodson, and continues working in theatre, movies, and television.", "Q1817229": "Leonard E. Terry (11 February 1924 \u2013 25 August 2014) was an English racing car designer and engineer, known for his work with Lotus, BRM and Eagle. He also designed chassis for many other teams, including ERA and Aston Martin and produced his own car in which he competed.\n\n", "Q8863": "Klaus Wowereit (born 1 October 1953) is a German politician, member of the SPD (Social Democratic Party), and was the Governing Mayor of Berlin from 21 October 2001 to 11 December 2014. In 2001 state elections his party won a plurality of the votes, 29.7%. He served as President of the Bundesrat (the fourth highest office in Germany) in 2001/02. His SPD-led coalition was re-elected in the 2006 elections; after the 2011 elections the SPD's coalition partner changed from the Left to the Christian Democratic Union. He was also sometimes mentioned as a possible SPD candidate for the Chancellorship of Germany (Kanzlerkandidatur), but that never materialized.\n\n", "Q262507": "Connie Stevens (born Concetta Rosalie Ann Ingoglia; August 8, 1938) is an American actress, director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer, editor and singer. She played the role of \"Cricket\" Blake in the television series Hawaiian Eye.", "Q106993": "Wolfgang Willrich (March 31, 1897 \u2013 1948) was a German artist of the twentieth century. During World War II, he did a series of portraits of prominent German soldiers and sailors that were issued as postcards.", "Q469609": "Jana Bobo\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1 (born 29 August 1964) is a Czech politician. In the 2004 European Parliament election she was elected a Member of the European Parliament for the Independent Democrats and remained unaffiliated in the European Parliament. In the 2008 and 2013 presidential elections she unsuccessfully ran for the office as President of the Czech Republic. She founded Politika 21 in 2006 and the Suverenita party in 2009.\n\n", "Q151613": "Heedless Moths is a 1921 American silent melodrama film written and directed by Robert Z. Leonard. The film stars Jane Thomas as real life nude model Audrey Munson. Munson appeared as herself in the nude scenes, which were posed similar to tableau vivants, and the film was based on a series of autobiographical stories she wrote. Heedless Moths also stars Holmes Herbert and Hedda Hopper.", "Q437013": "James Nachtwey (born March 14, 1948) is an American photojournalist and war photographer.\nHe has been awarded the Overseas Press Club's Robert Capa Gold Medal five times and two World Press Photo awards. In 2003, Nachtwey was injured in a grenade attack on his convoy while working in Baghdad, from which he made a full recovery.\nNachtwey has worked with Time as a contract photographer since 1984. He worked for Black Star (1980\u20131985), was a member of Magnum Photos (1986\u20132001) and VII Photo Agency (2001\u20132011) where he was a founding member.\n\n", "Q1398876": "Joseph Frederick Engelberger (July 26, 1925 \u2013 December 1, 2015) was an American physicist, engineer and entrepreneur. Licensing the original patent awarded to inventor George Devol, Engelberger developed the first industrial robot in the United States, the Unimate, in the 1950s. Later, he worked as entrepreneur and vocal advocate of robotic technology beyond the manufacturing plant in a variety of fields, including service industries, health care, and space exploration. He has been called \"the father of robotics\" for his contributions to the field.\n\n", "Q280582": "The 300 Spartans is a 1962 CinemaScope epic film depicting the Battle of Thermopylae. Made with the cooperation of the Greek government, it was shot in the village of Perachora in the Peloponnese. The working title was Lion of Sparta. It stars Richard Egan as the Spartan king Leonidas, Sir Ralph Richardson as Themistocles of Athens and David Farrar as Persian king Xerxes, with Diane Baker as Ellas and Barry Coe as Phylon providing the requisite romantic element in the film. Greek warriors, led by 300 Spartans, fight against a Persian army of almost limitless size. Despite the odds, the Spartans will not flee or surrender, even if it means their deaths.\nWhen it was released in 1962, critics saw the movie as a commentary on the Cold War, referring to the independent Greek states as \"the only stronghold of freedom remaining in the then known world\", holding out against the Persian \"slave empire\".", "Q2594947": "David Joshua Azrieli, (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05e9\u05e2 \u05e2\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u200e; May 10, 1922 \u2013 July 9, 2014) was an Israeli\u2013Canadian real estate tycoon, developer, designer, architect, and philanthropist. With an estimated net worth of $US 3.1 billion (as of March 2013), Azrieli was ranked by Forbes as the ninth wealthiest Canadian and 401st in the world.", "Q983881": "James Hamilton-Paterson (born 6 November 1941) is a poet and novelist.\nHe is one of the most reclusive of British literary exiles, sharing his time between Austria, Italy, and the Philippines.\n\n", "Q609151": "Mar\u00eda Eugenia Estenssoro is a Bolivian Argentine politician, journalist and activist for women's rights. She represented the city of Buenos Aires in the Argentine Senate.\nEstenssoro was born in La Paz. Her great-grandfather is credited with discovering oil in Bolivia and her grandfather founded the national oil company, YPFB. Her family also includes two former Presidents of Bolivia, V\u00edctor Paz Estenssoro and Hugo Banzer. Her parents came to Argentina with her in 1964, and her father ran the Argentine oil company, YPF. She was raised in San Isidro, Buenos Aires and studied at the Northlands School. At 16 she continued her education in the United States, studying at Smith College, Massachusetts, and then in France at the Sorbonne and the Institut d'\u00c9tudes Politiques de Paris. She completed a postgraduate course in books and magazines at Harvard and a teaching course at Columbia University.\nIn May 1983 Estenssoro returned to Argentina. She began work at the magazine El Porte\u00f1o and also worked for Time magazine, The Wall Street Journal and other US publications. She became editor of Mercado and then economics editor of Noticias. She founded a women's magazine and also worked in television.\nEstenssoro was elected to the Buenos Aires city legislature in 2003 as an independent on the list of liberal party Recrear, under the wing of Patricia Bullrich. She was the first legislator of Bolivian descent in a city with a large Bolivian population. Later she allied with the ARI party. [1] In 2007 she became a senator for the Civic Coalition. [2] Her alliance with the ARI party, as a centre-right politician, provoked a crisis within ARI ranks, with several ARI deputies resigning to form an 'Autonomous ARI' block in the Argentine Congress.", "Q1125383": "Sir Antonio Pappano (born 30 December 1959) is an English-Italian conductor and pianist. He has been music director of the Royal Opera House since 2002. In 2015 he received a Gold Medal from the Royal Philharmonic Society.", "Q317832": "Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e, N\u0101yif ibn \u2018Abd al-\u2018Az\u012bz \u0100l Sa\u2018\u016bd) (1934 \u2013 16 June 2012), was the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia as well as first deputy prime minister from 2011 to 2012. He was also minister of interior from 1975 to 2012.", "Q1928973": "Ryo Owatari (\u5927\u6e21 \u4eae, \u014cwatari Ry\u014d?) is a Japanese guitarist who was born April 4, 1971 in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. He was formerly a member of the amateur band pee-ka-boo, but he is mainly known for his work in the band Do As Infinity alongside Tomiko Van and Dai Nagao. After the disbanding of Do As Infinity, he started working with his new band, Missile Innovation. Ryo has also collaborated with some Avex label artists like Ai Otsuka and Ayumi Hamasaki.\nHe is married to a Japanese Office Lady whose identity has been tightly concealed. He also has a son, but the family chooses not to disclose any information related him.", "Q40096": "Willard Carroll Smith Jr. (born September 25, 1968) is an American actor and rapper. In April 2007, Newsweek called him \"the most powerful actor in Hollywood\". Smith has been nominated for five Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards, and has won four Grammy Awards.\nIn the late 1980s, Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince. In 1990, his popularity increased dramatically when he starred in the NBC television series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, which ran for six seasons from 1990 to 1996. After the series ended, Smith transitioned from television to film and went on to star in numerous blockbuster films. He is the only actor to have eight consecutive films gross over $100 million in the domestic box office, eleven consecutive films gross over $150 million internationally, and eight consecutive films in which he starred open at the number one spot in the domestic box office tally.Smith has been ranked as the most bankable star worldwide by Forbes. As of 2014, 17 of the 21 films in which he has had leading roles have accumulated worldwide gross earnings of over $100 million each, with five taking in over $500 million each in global box office receipts. As of 2016, his films have grossed $7.5 billion at the global box office.\nFor his performances as boxer Muhammad Ali in Ali (2001) and stockbroker Chris Gardner in The Pursuit of Happyness (2006), Smith received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor.", "Q312792": "Joshua David Bell (born December 9, 1967) is an American violinist and conductor. He plays the Gibson Stradivarius.", "Q3182023": "Brian Randell (born 1936) is a British computer scientist, and Emeritus Professor at the School of Computing, Newcastle University, UK. He specialises in research into software fault tolerance and dependability, and is a noted authority on the early pre-1950 history of computers.", "Q78509": "Joseph Roth, born Moses Joseph Roth (2 September 1894 \u2013 27 May 1939), was an Austrian journalist and novelist, best known for his family saga Radetzky March (1932), about the decline and fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, his novel of Jewish life, Job (1930), and his seminal essay \"Juden auf Wanderschaft\" (1927; translated into English in The Wandering Jews), a fragmented account of the Jewish migrations from eastern to western Europe in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution. In the 21st century, publications in English of Radetzky March and of collections of his journalism from Berlin and Paris created a revival of interest in Roth.", "Q2003600": "Walton-on-Thames is a market town on the right bank of the Thames in the Elmbridge borough of Surrey, England. The town itself consists mostly of affluent suburban streets, with a historic town centre of Celtic origin. It is one of the largest towns in the Elmbridge borough, alongside Weybridge. According to the 2011 Census, the town has a total population of 22,834. It is around 15 miles from Central London, and is served by a wide range of transport links.", "Q538452": "The Babe\u0219-Bolyai University (Romanian: Universitatea Babe\u0219-Bolyai, Hungarian: Babe\u0219-Bolyai Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, German: Babe\u0219-Bolyai Universit\u00e4t), commonly known by its abbreviation, UBB, is a public university in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. With more than 41,000 students in 2015, it is the largest university in the country. The Babe\u0219-Bolyai University offers study programmes in Romanian, Hungarian, German, English, and French. The university was named after two prominent scientists from Transylvania, the Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babe\u0219 and the Hungarian mathematician J\u00e1nos Bolyai. It is one of the five members of the Universitaria Consortium (the group of elite Romanian universities).UBB is affiliated, inter alia, to the International Association of Universities, the Santander Group, the Agence universitaire de la Francophonie and the European University Association. Likewise, UBB signed the Magna Charta Universitatum and concluded partnerships with 210 universities in 50 countries, and it is widely considered as one of the most prestigious in Eastern Europe.The Babe\u0219-Bolyai University is classified as an advanced research and education university by the Ministry of Education. In the 2012 QS World University Rankings, it was included in the Top 700 universities of the world, together with three other Romanian universities.", "Q70155": "Per Petterson (born 18 July 1952 in Oslo) is a Norwegian novelist. His debut book was Aske i munnen, sand i skoa (1987), a collection of short stories. He has since published a number of novels to good reviews. To Siberia (1996), set in the Second World War, was published in English in 1998 and nominated for the Nordic Council's Literature Prize. I kj\u00f8lvannet, translated as In the Wake (2002), is a young man's story of losing his family in the Scandinavian Star ferry disaster in 1990 (Petterson himself lost his mother, father, younger brother and a niece in the disaster); it won the Brage Prize for 2000. His 2008 novel Jeg forbanner tidens elv (I Curse the River of Time) won The Nordic Council's Literature Prize for 2009, with an English translation published in 2010.\nHis breakthrough novel was Ut og stj\u00e6le hester (2003), which was awarded two top literary prizes in Norway \u2013 the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature and the Booksellers\u2019 Best Book of the Year Award. The 2005 English language translation, Out Stealing Horses, was awarded the 2006 Independent Foreign Fiction Prize and the 2007 International Dublin Literary Award (the world's largest monetary literary prize for a single work of fiction published in English, \u20ac100,000). Out Stealing Horses was named one of the 10 best books of the year in the 9 December 2007 issue of the New York Times Book Review.Petterson is a trained librarian. He has worked as a bookstore clerk, translator and literary critic before becoming a full-time writer. He cites Knut Hamsun and Raymond Carver among his influences.Petterson's works have been translated into almost 50 languages.", "Q268994": "Margarita Iosifovna Aliger (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0430 \u0418\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0440, IPA: [m\u0259r\u0261\u0250\u02c8r\u02b2it\u0259 \u026a\u02c8os\u02b2\u026af\u0259vn\u0259 \u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8\u0261\u02b2\u025br] (listen); October 7 [O.S. September 24] 1915 \u2013 August 1, 1992) was a Soviet poet, translator, and journalist.", "Q58801": "Hans Walter Conrad Veidt (; 22 January 1893 \u2013 3 April 1943) was a German actor best remembered for his roles in films such as Different from the Others (1919), The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920), and The Man who Laughs (1928). After a successful career in German silent films, where he was one of the best-paid stars of UFA, he and his new Jewish wife Ilona Prager were forced to leave Germany in 1933 after the Nazis came to power. The couple settled in Britain, where he took British citizenship in 1939. He appeared in many British films, including The Thief of Bagdad (1940), before emigrating to the United States around 1941, which led to him being cast as Major Strasser in Casablanca (1942).", "Q66737": "Slobodan Petrovic Jr. (born 22 February 1974 in Trappenkamp) is a Yugoslav-German electronic dance music DJ, producer and is the founder of Aqualoop Records in 2000. He is best known by his alias, Pulsedriver.", "Q230527": "Natasha Henstridge (born August 15, 1974) is a Canadian actress and model. In 1995, she came to prominence with her debut role in the science-fiction thriller Species, followed by Species II and Species III. Other notable film and television roles include The Whole Nine Yards, The Whole Ten Yards, Ghosts of Mars, She Spies, Eli Stone, and Would Be Kings, for which she won the Gemini Award for best actress.", "Q76524": "Pierre Steffen Baigorry (born 3 September 1971), better known as Peter Fox, also known as Enuff and Pete Fox, is a German reggae and Hip hop musician from Berlin. He is also a member of the German reggae and dancehall band Seeed.\n\n", "Q61058": "Johann Ludwig Uhland (26 April 1787 \u2013 13 November 1862) was a German poet, philologist and literary historian.", "Q249782": "A Special Day (Italian: Una giornata particolare) is a 1977 Italian drama film directed by Ettore Scola and starring Sophia Loren, Marcello Mastroianni and John Vernon. Set in Rome in 1938, its narrative follows a woman and her neighbor who stay home the day Adolf Hitler visits Benito Mussolini. It is an Italian-Canadian co-production.\nThemes addressed in the film include gender roles, fascism, and the persecution of homosexuals under the Mussolini regime. It received several nominations and awards, including a C\u00e9sar Award for Best Foreign Film, a Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film, and two Academy Award nominations in 1978. It is featured on the list of the 100 Italian films to be saved.", "Q3936": "Bamberg (, also US: , German: [\u02c8bamb\u025b\u0250\u032fk] (listen)) is a town in Upper Franconia, (Germany), on the river Regnitz close to its confluence with the river Main. A large part of the town has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1993.", "Q746134": "Efraim Medina Reyes is a Colombian writer born June 29, 1967 in Cartagena, Colombia. He is also the bassist and composer of the 7 Torpes rock band, he currently lives between Colombia and Vicenza, Italy. He is influenced by American cinema, jazz music and works of Andr\u00e9s Caicedo, an emblematic figure of contemporary Colombian literature. As a writer, Efraim Medina Reyes emphasizes the hectic life of urban youths. He uses narrative techniques such as collage.\nSome of his works were translated and published in Italian by Feltrinelli, Portuguese by Planeta, French by 13e Note Editions and Finnish by Ivan Rotta & Co.", "Q2977933": "Claude Perdriel (born October 25, 1928) is owner-manager of the Perdriel Group that publishes Sciences et Avenir, Challenges, Rue89 and during 1970\u20131980, the Paris daily Le Matin de Paris. It also published Le Nouvel Observateur from its foundation in 1964 to 2014 when it was sold to a group of investors that already published Le Monde.", "Q236142": "Leah Donna Dizon (born September 24, 1986) is a gaijin tarento, singer, and model. Born and raised in Las Vegas, Nevada, she moved to Tokyo, Japan in 2006 to pursue a career in entertainment. She made her recording debut on Victor Entertainment later that same year.", "Q1745638": "Will Hoge (born November 14, 1972) is an American Americana country music singer, songwriter, and musician from Nashville, Tennessee, United States.", "Q103627": "The German engineer (5 February 1882 \u2013 30 July 1972) Maximilian Joseph Johannes Eduard Schuler is best known for discovering the principle known as Schuler tuning which is fundamental to the operation of a gyrocompass or inertial guidance system that will be operated near the surface of the earth.Schuler's cousin Hermann Ansch\u00fctz-Kaempfe founded a firm near Kiel, Germany, to manufacture navigational devices using gyroscopes in 1905, and Schuler joined the firm in 1906. For many years they struggled with the problem of maintaining a vertical reference as a craft moved around on the surface of the earth.\nIn 1923 Schuler published his discovery that if the gyrocompass was tuned to have an 84.4 minute period of oscillation (the Schuler period) then it would resist errors due to sideways acceleration of the ship or aircraft in which it was installed.\nLater, Schuler served as a professor of dynamics at the University of G\u00f6ttingen. According to the Mathematics Genealogy Project he supervised one dissertation there, that of Kurt Magnus (whose other supervisor was Ludwig Prandtl).", "Q95873": "Hans Stark (14 June 1921 in Darmstadt \u2013 29 March 1991 in Darmstadt) was an SS-Untersturmf\u00fchrer and head of the admissions detail at Auschwitz-II Birkenau of Auschwitz concentration camp.", "Q624969": "Ji Hyun-woo (born Joo Hyung-tae on 29 November 1984) is a South Korean actor and musician. He was formerly the lead guitarist for Korean indie rock band The Nuts and is best known for his leading role in the cable TV series Queen and I (2012).", "Q70141": "Balerna is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q711078": "Jason James Richter (born January 29, 1980) is an American actor and musician, most commonly known for his role in the Free Willy film series as Jesse, the boy who befriends Willy the orca.\n\n", "Q3429889": "Herman Horn Johannessen (born 4 April 1964) is a Norwegian sailor and Olympic medalist. He received a bronze medal in the Soling Class at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, together with Paul Davis and Espen Stokkeland. He also competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics, in the 470 class.\nOutside of sports, Herman Horn Johannessen is the co-owner and manager of the company Lisa, which produces jam and squash.", "Q66723": "Biberist is a municipality in the district of Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q135395": "Lauren Woodland (born October 28, 1977) is an American actress and attorney. Before entering the field of law, she appeared in more than 50 commercials, guest starred in more than 20 television programs and starred as a series regular in four television series. She starred as Emily Francisco in Alien Nation from 1989 to 1990 and reprised her role in the five television film sequels from 1994 to 1997. She received a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for her role as Brittany Hodges in the CBS daytime soap The Young and the Restless. She is an attorney with the law firm Novian & Novian, LLP.", "Q557081": "Edgar Parks Snow (17 July 1905 \u2013 15 February 1972) was an American journalist known for his books and articles on Communism in China and the Chinese Communist revolution. He was the first western journalist to give a full account of the history of the Chinese Communist Party following the Long March, and he was also the first western journalist to interview many of its leaders, including Mao Zedong. He is best known for his book, Red Star Over China (1937), an account of the Chinese Communist movement from its foundation until the late 1930s.", "Q464339": "The Royal Saxon State Railways (German: K\u00f6niglich S\u00e4chsische Staatseisenbahnen) were the state-owned railways operating in the Kingdom of Saxony from 1869 to 1918. From 1918 until their merger into the Deutsche Reichsbahn the title 'Royal' was dropped and they were just called the Saxon State Railways (S\u00e4chsische Staatseisenbahnen).", "Q710366": "Arthur Leipzig (October 25, 1918 \u2013 December 5, 2014) was an American photographer who specialized in street photography and was known for his photographs of New York City.", "Q462990": "Ion Mihai Pacepa (Romanian pronunciation: [i\u02c8on mi\u02c8haj pa\u02c8t\u0361\u0283epa]; born 28 October 1928) is a former three-star general in the Securitate, the secret police of Communist Romania, who defected to the United States in July 1978 following President Jimmy Carter's approval of his request for political asylum. He is the highest-ranking defector from the former Eastern Bloc. At the time of his defection, General Pacepa simultaneously had the rank of advisor to President Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu, acting chief of his foreign intelligence service and a state secretary of Romania's Ministry of Interior.\nSubsequently, he worked with the American Central Intelligence Agency in various operations against the former Eastern Bloc. The CIA described his cooperation as \"an important and unique contribution to the United States\".", "Q175969": "Aubrey David Nicholas Jasper de Grey (; born 20 April 1963) is an English author and biomedical gerontologist. He is the Chief Science Officer of the SENS Research Foundation and VP of New Technology Discovery at AgeX Therapeutics, Inc. He is editor-in-chief of the academic journal Rejuvenation Research, author of The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging (1999) and co-author of Ending Aging (2007). He is known for his view that medical technology may enable human beings alive today not to die from age-related causes. He is also an amateur mathematician who has contributed to the study of the Hadwiger\u2013Nelson problem.De Grey is an international adjunct professor of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, a fellow of the Gerontological Society of America, the American Aging Association, and the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies. He has been interviewed in recent years in a number of news sources, including CBS 60 Minutes, the BBC, The New York Times, Fortune Magazine, The Washington Post, TED, Popular Science, The Colbert Report, Time, the Skeptics' Guide to the Universe, and The Joe Rogan Experience. He is also a member of Flooved advisory board.", "Q69410": "C\u00e9ligny is a municipality in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. It consists of two small disconnected territories of the Canton of Geneva mostly surrounded by the Canton of Vaud, near Crans-pr\u00e8s-C\u00e9ligny.", "Q362261": "Edward Michael \"Mike\"/\"Spanky\" Fincke (born March 14, 1967) is an American astronaut who formerly held the American record for the most time in space (381.6 days). His record was broken by Scott Kelly on October 16, 2015. In January, 2019 Fincke was selected to fly on the first crewed flight of Boeing's CST-100 Starliner, making Fincke the first astronaut since John Young to fly on 3 different launch vehicles into orbit.\nMike Fincke was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, but considers its suburb Emsworth to be his hometown. He is a retired United States Air Force officer and an active NASA astronaut. So far he served two tours aboard the International Space Station as a flight engineer and Commander. He flew on one Space Shuttle mission, STS-134 as a Mission Specialist. Fincke is conversant in Japanese and Russian. He is married to Renita Saikia, and together they have three children; son Chandra and daughters Tarali and Surya.Fincke logged just under 382 days in space, placing him second among American astronauts for the most time in space, and 20th overall. He completed nine spacewalks in Russian Orlan spacesuits and American EMUs. His total EVA time is 48 hours and 37 minutes placing him 11th all time on the list of spacewalkers.", "Q3922": "Detmold (German pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u025btm\u0254lt]) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with a population of about 73,400 (2013). It was the capital of the small Principality of Lippe from 1468 until 1918 and then of the Free State of Lippe until 1947. Today it is the administrative center of the district of Lippe and of the Regierungsbezirk Detmold. The Church of Lippe has its central administration located in Detmold. The Reformed Redeemer Church is the preaching venue of the state superintendent of the Lippe church.", "Q446826": "Shafiq al-Hout also spelled Shafik al-Hut (Arabic: \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a\u200e; 13 January 1932 \u2013 2 August 2009) was a Palestinian politician and writer. Born in Jaffa, he and his family fled to Beirut at the onset of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. There, al-Hout became a journalist at al-Hawadth newspaper. Using it as a platform, he founded the Palestine Liberation Front in 1961 and later became a founder of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964. He remained a senior member of the organization, representing it in Lebanon and the United Nations General Assembly. Initially a close aid to Yasser Arafat, al-Hout resigned from his position on the PLO Executive Committee, in protest of Arafat's signing of the Oslo Accords.", "Q984122": "Rafael Antonio Cortijo (December 11, 1928 \u2013 October 3, 1982) was a Puerto Rican musician, orchestra leader, and composer.", "Q8877": "Steven Allan Spielberg (; born December 18, 1946) is an American filmmaker. He is considered one of the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood era and one of the most popular directors and producers in film history. Spielberg started in Hollywood directing television and several minor theatrical releases. He became a household name as the director of Jaws (1975), which was critically and commercially successful and is considered the first summer blockbuster. His subsequent releases focused typically on science fiction/adventure films such as Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), and Jurassic Park (1993), which became archetypes of modern Hollywood escapist filmmaking.Spielberg transitioned into addressing serious issues in his later work with The Color Purple (1985), Empire of the Sun (1987), Schindler's List (1993), Amistad (1997), and Saving Private Ryan (1998). He has largely adhered to this practice during the 21st century, with Munich (2005), Lincoln (2012), Bridge of Spies (2015), and The Post (2017).\nHe co-founded Amblin Entertainment and DreamWorks Pictures, where he has also served as a producer or executive producer for several successful film trilogies, tetralogies and more including the Gremlins, Back to the Future, Men in Black, and the Transformers series. He later transitioned into producing several video games.\nSpielberg is one of the American film industry's most critically successful filmmakers, with praise for his directing talent and versatility, and he has won the Academy Award for Best Director twice. Some of his movies are also among the highest-grossing films, while his total work makes him the highest-grossing film director in history. His net worth is estimated to be more than $3 billion.", "Q215943": "Mascha Kal\u00e9ko (born Golda Malka Offen; June 7, 1907 \u2013 January 21, 1975) was a Jewish German language poet.", "Q72756": "Raoul A. Walsh (March 11, 1887 \u2013 December 31, 1980) was an American film director, actor, founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) and the brother of the silent screen actor George Walsh. He was known for portraying John Wilkes Booth in the silent classic The Birth of a Nation (1915) and for directing such films as The Big Trail (1930), starring John Wayne, High Sierra (1941), starring Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart; and White Heat (1949), starring James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien. He directed his last film in 1964.", "Q467630": "Ivan Sergeyevich Aksakov (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432; October 8 [O.S. September 26] 1823, village Nadezhdino, Belebey Uyezd, Orenburg Governorate \u2013 February 8 [O.S. January 27] 1886, Moscow) was a Russian litt\u00e9rateur and notable Slavophile.", "Q320052": "Vincent Philip D'Onofrio (; born June 30, 1959) is an American actor, producer, director, and singer. He is known for his supporting and leading roles in both film and television. He has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and two Saturn Awards, winning one for his supporting role in Men in Black.His roles include Private Leonard \"Gomer Pyle\" Lawrence in Full Metal Jacket (1987), Wilson Fisk / Kingpin in Daredevil (2015\u20132018), NYPD Detective Robert Goren in Law & Order: Criminal Intent, Edgar the Bug in Men in Black (1997), and Vic Hoskins in Jurassic World (2015). Among other honors, D'Onofrio is a Saturn Award winner, an Emmy Award nominee and a Jay Award 2018 winner.", "Q137582": "David Rain (2 May 1961 \u2013 15 December 2015), known by his pen name Tom Arden, was a British science fiction and fantasy writer. He was born in Australia. His main work is the five volume Orokon saga, as well as the novels Shadow Black, The Translation of Bastian Test and the Doctor Who novella Nightdreamers.\nArden was born in 1961 and grew up in Mount Gambier, South Australia. He wrote his first unpublished novel, Moon Escape at the age of seven and later studied English at the University of Adelaide, graduating with First Class Honours. Arden completed his Ph.D. thesis on Clarissa, the epic tale by 18th-century novelist Samuel Richardson.In 1990, he moved to the United Kingdom, living in Northern Ireland and England. He lectured in English at Queen's University of Belfast for seven years. Since 2003, he lectured creative writing at Middlesex University, London.", "Q694714": "The German Progress Party (German: Deutsche Fortschrittspartei, DFP) was the first modern political party in Germany, founded by liberal members of the Prussian House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus) in 1861 in opposition to Minister President Otto von Bismarck.", "Q1001235": "Anthony Claude Leach, Jr., known as Buddy Leach (born March 30, 1934), is an American businessman and Democratic politician from Louisiana. He served one term as a U.S. Representative for Louisiana's 4th congressional district. He also served as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives and as chairman of the Louisiana Democratic Party.\nIn 2003, he was a candidate for governor of Louisiana.", "Q74441": "Helmut de Boor (born 24 March 1891 in Bonn, died 4 August 1976 in Berlin) was a German medievalist.", "Q108014": "Elke Erb is a German author-poet based in Berlin. She has also worked as a literary editor and translator.", "Q64652": "Gaspar N\u00fa\u00f1ez de Arce (1834\u20131903) was a Spanish poet, dramatist and statesman.\nHe was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times.", "Q467156": "David Halberstam (April 10, 1934 \u2013 April 23, 2007) was an American journalist and historian, known for his work on the Vietnam War, politics, history, the Civil Rights Movement, business, media, American culture, and later, sports journalism. He won a Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting in 1964. Halberstam was killed in a car crash in 2007, while doing research for a book.", "Q320734": "The Teufelsh\u00f6rner (\"Devil's Horns\") are a pair of mountains on the German-Austrian border in the Berchtesgaden Alps. The two peaks, which form a mountain ridge, are the Gro\u00dfes Teufelshorn (\"Great Devil's Horn\", 2,363 m) and the Kleines Teufelshorn (\"Little Devil's Horn\", 2,283 m).", "Q598196": "Clemente Jaime Yoshiyama Tanaka (born July 23, 1944) is a Japanese Peruvian and Fujimorist politician. He was the president of the Democratic Constitutional Congress from December 1992 to July 1995. He was also the Minister of the Presidency under Alberto Fujimori.", "Q88822": "Gerdt Bernhard von Bassewitz-Hohenluckow (4 January 1878 in Allewind, Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg \u2013 6 February 1923 in Berlin) was a lieutenant in the Prussian militia, a playwright, and an actor. He had his only great success with Peter and Anneli's Journey to the Moon (Peterchens Mondfahrt), which began as a successful stage play in 1912 in Leipzig and was published as a book in 1915.\nIt became one of the best-loved German children's books and has been a bestseller in Germany to this day. After his success, von Bassewitz became assistant stage director in Cologne. Eventually he moved to Berlin, where he made a living as a freelance writer.", "Q347977": "Fyodor Nikolayevich Yurchikhin (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042e\u0440\u0447\u0438\u0445\u0438\u043d, Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03af\u03c7\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c5; born 3 January 1959) is a Russian cosmonaut of Greek descent, engineer and RSC Energia test-pilot who has flown on five spaceflights. His first spaceflight was a 10-day Space Shuttle mission STS-112. His second was a long-duration stay aboard the International Space Station (ISS) as a Flight Engineer for Expedition 15; for this mission he was launched in the Soyuz TMA-10 spacecraft. He has undertaken two further long-duration stays aboard the ISS, as a crew member of Expedition 24 / 25. For this mission he was launched with the spacecraft Soyuz TMA-19, and he landed in November 2010, also with the TMA-19 spacecraft. He served as Soyuz Commander for his fourth mission aboard Soyuz TMA-09M, as Flight Engineer for Expedition 36 and ISS Commander for Expedition 37. In April 2017, Yurchikhin launched on Soyuz MS-04 for the fifth spaceflight of his career, a six-month mission to the ISS as part of Expedition 51 and 52, for which he was the Commander.\n\n", "Q106039": "Christians ( (listen)) are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words Christ and Christian derive from the Koine Greek title Christ\u00f3s (\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach (\u05de\u05b8\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05d7\u05b7).While there are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict, they are united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance.The term \"Christian\" used as an adjective is descriptive of anything associated with Christianity or Christian churches, or in a proverbial sense \"all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like.\" It does not have a meaning of 'of Christ' or 'related or pertaining to Christ'.\nAccording to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Americas, about 26% live in Europe, 24% live in sub-Saharan Africa, about 13% live in Asia and the Pacific, and 1% live in the Middle East and North Africa. Christians make up the majority of the population in 158 countries and territories. 280 million Christians live as a minority.\nAbout half of all Christians worldwide are Catholic, while more than a third are Protestant (37%). Orthodox communions comprise 12% of the world's Christians. Other Christian groups make up the remainder. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue. Christians are the most persecuted religious group in the world, especially in the Middle-East, North Africa, East Asia, and South Asia.", "Q297954": "Linda Elvira Zilliacus (n\u00e9e Gyllenberg, born 25 April 1977 in Helsinki) is a Swedish-speaking Finnish actor. Since 2001 she has been married to Tobias Zilliacus, And they now have three children.", "Q984644": "Gavriil Nikolayevich Troyepolsky (or Troepolsky) (Russian: \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u0438\u043b \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) (O.S. 16 November (N.S. 29 November), 1905, Novospasovka, Tambov Governorate \u2013 30 June 1995, Voronezh) was a Soviet writer, best known for his novel White Bim Black Ear. \nThe novel White Bim Black Ear was published in English by name \"Beem\" by Harper & Row in 1978.", "Q465999": "Toni Brutscher (born 15 November 1925 in Oberstdorf \u2013 16 November 1983) was a West German ski jumper who competed during the 1950s. He finished fourth in the individual large hill event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo.\nBrutscher's best individual career finish was third twice in the individual normal hill event (1953, 1956).\nToni Brutscher died of cancer in 1983 at the age of 58.", "Q200396": "Sherlock Holmes is a 2009 period mystery action film based on the character of the same name created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The film was directed by Guy Ritchie and produced by Joel Silver, Lionel Wigram, Susan Downey, and Dan Lin. The screenplay, by Michael Robert Johnson, Anthony Peckham, and Simon Kinberg, was developed from a story by Wigram and Johnson. Robert Downey Jr. and Jude Law portray Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John Watson, respectively. Set in 1890, eccentric detective Holmes and his companion Watson are hired by a secret society to foil a mysticist's plot to expand the British Empire by seemingly supernatural means. Rachel McAdams stars as their former adversary Irene Adler and Mark Strong portrays villain Lord Henry Blackwood. The film was widely released in North America on December 25, 2009, and on December 26, 2009 in the UK, Ireland, the Pacific and the Atlantic.\nSherlock Holmes received mostly positive critical reaction, with praise for its story, action sequences, set pieces, costume design, Zimmer's musical score, and Downey's performance as the main character, winning Downey the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy. The film was also nominated for two Academy Awards, Best Original Score and Best Art Direction.\nA sequel, Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows, was released on December 16, 2011, with a third film scheduled for release on December 22, 2021, to be directed by Dexter Fletcher.", "Q489931": "Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen (15 January 1872 \u2013 25 November 1907) was a Danish author, ethnologist, and explorer, from Ringk\u00f8bing. He was most notably an explorer of Greenland.", "Q435176": "Elza da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Soares, known professionally as Elza Soares (Brazilian Portuguese: [\u02c8\u025bwz\u0250 \u02c8swa\u027eis]; born June 23, 1930) is a Brazilian samba singer. In 1999, she was named Brazilian Singer of the Millennium by BBC Radio Radio. She was married to football player Garrincha.", "Q153776": "Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 30 December [O.S. 17 December] 1904 \u2013 14 February 1987) was a Russian composer and teacher.\nHe helped set up the Union of Soviet Composers in Moscow and remained one of its leading figures during his lifetime. He was a prolific composer of piano music and chamber music; many of his piano works were performed by Vladimir Horowitz. He is best known in Western Europe for his Second Symphony, the \"Comedians' Galop\" from The Comedians Suite, Op. 26 and his third Piano Concerto.", "Q187241": "Augustin-Jean Fresnel ( FRAYN-, FREN-el, -\u2060\u0259l or fray-NEL; French: [o\u0261yst\u025b\u0303\u0292\u0251\u0303 f\u0281\u025bn\u025bl]; 10 May 1788 \u2013 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s\u200a until the end of the 19th century. He is perhaps better known for inventing the catadioptric (reflective/refractive) Fresnel lens and for pioneering the use of \"stepped\" lenses to extend the visibility of lighthouses, saving countless lives at sea. The simpler dioptric (purely refractive) stepped lens, first proposed by Count Buffon\u200a and independently reinvented by Fresnel, is used in screen magnifiers and in condenser lenses for overhead projectors.\nBy expressing Huygens' principle of secondary waves and Young's principle of interference in quantitative terms, and supposing that simple colors consist of sinusoidal waves, Fresnel gave the first satisfactory explanation of diffraction by straight edges, including the first satisfactory wave-based explanation of rectilinear propagation. Part of his argument was a proof that the addition of sinusoidal functions of the same frequency but different phases is analogous to the addition of forces with different directions. By further supposing that light waves are purely transverse, Fresnel explained the nature of polarization, the mechanism of chromatic polarization, and the transmission and reflection coefficients at the interface between two transparent isotropic media. Then, by generalizing the direction-speed-polarization relation for calcite, he accounted for the directions and polarizations of the refracted rays in doubly-refractive crystals of the biaxial class (those for which Huygens' secondary wavefronts are not axisymmetric). The period between the first publication of his pure-transverse-wave hypothesis and the submission of his first correct solution to the biaxial problem was less than a year.\nLater, he coined the terms linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization, explained how optical rotation could be understood as a difference in propagation speeds for the two directions of circular polarization, and (by allowing the reflection coefficient to be complex) accounted for the change in polarization due to total internal reflection, as exploited in the Fresnel rhomb. Defenders of the established corpuscular theory could not match his quantitative explanations of so many phenomena on so few assumptions.\nFresnel had a lifelong battle with tuberculosis, to which he succumbed at the age of 39. Although he did not become a public celebrity in his lifetime, he lived just long enough to receive due recognition from his peers, including (on his deathbed) the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society of London, and his name is ubiquitous in the modern terminology of optics and waves. After the wave theory of light was subsumed by Maxwell's electromagnetic theory in the 1860s, some attention was diverted from the magnitude of Fresnel's contribution. In the period between Fresnel's unification of physical optics and Maxwell's wider unification, a contemporary authority, Humphrey Lloyd, described Fresnel's transverse-wave theory as \"the noblest fabric which has ever adorned the domain of physical science, Newton's system of the universe alone excepted.\"\u200a", "Q68068": "Lonay is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Morges.", "Q70627": "Vugelles-La Mothe is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q332330": "For Your Eyes Only is a 1981 spy film and the twelfth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and the fifth to star Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It marked the directorial debut of John Glen, who had worked as editor and second unit director on three other Bond films.\nThe screenplay by Richard Maibaum and Michael G. Wilson takes its characters and combines elements from the plots from two short stories from Ian Fleming's For Your Eyes Only collection: the title story and \"Risico\". In the plot, Bond attempts to locate a missile command system while becoming tangled in a web of deception spun by rival Greek businessmen along with Melina Havelock, a woman seeking to avenge the murder of her parents. Some writing elements were inspired by the novels Live and Let Die, Goldfinger and On Her Majesty's Secret Service.\nAfter the science fiction-focused Moonraker, the producers wanted a return to the style of the early Bond films and the works of 007 creator Fleming. For Your Eyes Only followed a grittier, more realistic approach and a narrative theme of revenge and its consequences. Filming locations included Greece, Italy and England, while underwater footage was shot in The Bahamas.\nFor Your Eyes Only was released in the United States on June 26, 1981 and released to a mixed to positive critical reception; the film was a financial success, generating $195.3 million worldwide against its $25 million budget. This was the final Bond film to be distributed solely by United Artists; the company was absorbed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer soon after this film's release.\nRoger Moore reprised the James Bond role in the 1983 sequel Octopussy.", "Q29752": "Sheena S. Iyengar is the S.T. Lee Professor of Business in the Management Department at Columbia Business School, widely and best known as an expert on choice. Her research focuses on the many facets of decision making, including: why people want choice, what affects how and what we choose, and how we can improve our decision making. She has presented TED talks on choice and is the author of The Art of Choosing (2010).", "Q879093": "Boles\u0142aw Ignacy Florian Wieniawa-D\u0142ugoszowski (22 July 1881 \u2013 1 July 1942) was a Polish general, adjutant to Chief of State J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, politician, freemason, diplomat, poet, artist, and formally, for one day, President of the Republic of Poland. He was one of the generation that fought for, and saw, the rebirth of an independent Poland on 11/11/1918 (National Independence Day (Poland)) only to see that independence lost again, following the 1939 division of Poland between Germany and the Soviet Union pursuant to the Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact.", "Q77148": "Carl Schmitt (; German: [\u0283m\u026at]; 11 July 1888 \u2013 7 April 1985) was a conservative German jurist, political theorist, and prominent member of the Nazi Party. Schmitt wrote extensively about the effective wielding of political power. His work has been a major influence on subsequent political theory, legal theory, continental philosophy and political theology, and remains both influential and controversial due to his close association and juridical-political allegiance with Nazism. \nSchmitt's work has attracted the attention of numerous philosophers and political theorists, including Giorgio Agamben, Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin, Susan Buck-Morss, Jacques Derrida, J\u00fcrgen Habermas, Waldemar Gurian, Jaime Guzm\u00e1n, Reinhart Koselleck, Friedrich Hayek, Chantal Mouffe, Antonio Negri, Leo Strauss, Adrian Vermeule, and Slavoj \u017di\u017eek among others.\n\n", "Q374365": "Jeddah (English: JED-\u0259), also spelled Jedda, Jiddah or Jidda ( JID-\u0259; Arabic: \u062c\u062f\u0629\u200e, romanized: Jidda, Hejazi pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0292\u026ad.da]), is a city in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia and the country's commercial center. With a population of about four million people (as of 2017), Jeddah is the largest city in Makkah Province, the second-largest in Saudi Arabia (after the capital Riyadh), and the tenth-largest in the Arab world. Jeddah Islamic Port, located on the Red Sea, is the second-largest and second-busiest seaport in the Arab world (after Dubai's Port of Jebel Ali).\nJeddah is the principal gateway to Mecca, the holiest city in Islam, located just 65 kilometres (40 mi) to the east, while Medina, the second-holiest city, is located 360 kilometres (220 mi) to the north.\nEconomically, Jeddah is focusing on further developing capital investment in scientific and engineering leadership within Saudi Arabia, and the Middle East. Jeddah was independently ranked fourth in the Africa \u2013 Mid-East region in terms of innovation in 2009 in the Innovation Cities Index.Jeddah is of Saudi Arabia's primary resort cities and was named a Beta world city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC). Given the city's close proximity to the Red Sea, fishing and seafood dominates the food culture unlike other parts of the country. In Arabic, the city's motto is \"Jeddah Ghair\", which translates to \"Jeddah is different\". The motto has been widely used among both locals as well as foreign visitors. The city had been previously perceived as the \"most open\" city in Saudi Arabia.", "Q221358": "Shadowfax was a New Age/electronic musical group formed in Chicago in the early 1970s and best known for their albums Shadowfax and Folksongs for a Nuclear Village. In 1989 they won the Grammy for Best New Age Performance for Folksongs for a Nuclear Village. In 1993, they were nominated for the Grammy for Esperanto.\nThe group formed in 1972 and disbanded after 1995 when Lyricon player and leader Chuck Greenberg died of a heart attack. Having lost their signature sound, Shadowfax's members went on to other projects.\nThe group takes its name from Gandalf the White's horse Shadowfax in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings.", "Q57298": "Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e, \u2018Abd All\u0101h ibn \u2018Abd al-\u2018Az\u012bz \u0100l Sa\u2018\u016bd, Najdi Arabic pronunciation: [\u02a2\u00e6b\u02c8d\u0251\u026b.\u026b\u0250 ben \u02c8\u02a2\u00e6bd\u00e6l \u02a2\u00e6\u02c8zi\u02d0z \u0294\u00e6\u02d0l s\u00e6\u02c8\u02a2u\u02d0d]; 1 August 1924 \u2013 23 January 2015) was King of Saudi Arabia and Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques from 2005 to his death in 2015.\nHe ascended to the throne on 1 August 2005 upon the death of his half-brother, King Fahd.\nAbdullah, like Fahd, was one of the many sons of Ibn Saud, the founder of modern Saudi Arabia. Abdullah held important political posts throughout most of his adult life. In 1961 he became mayor of Mecca, his first public office. The following year, he was appointed commander of the Saudi Arabian National Guard, a post he was still holding when he became king. He also served as deputy defense minister and was named crown prince when Fahd took the throne in 1982. After King Fahd suffered a serious stroke in 1995, Abdullah became the de facto ruler of Saudi Arabia until ascending the throne a decade later.\nDuring his reign he maintained close relations with United States and United Kingdom and bought billions of dollars worth of defense equipment from both states. He also gave women the right to vote for municipal councils and to compete in the Olympics. Furthermore, Abdullah maintained the status quo when there were waves of protest in the kingdom during the Arab Spring. In November 2013, a BBC report claimed that, due to the close relations it had with Pakistan, Saudi Arabia could obtain nuclear weapons at will from that country. The King also had a longstanding relationship with Pakistan, and brokered a compromise between ousted Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and General Pervez Musharraf, whom he had requested to be exiled to Saudi Arabia for a 10-year exile, following his ouster in the 1999 Pakistani coup d'\u00e9tat.The King outlived two of his crown princes. Conservative Interior Minister Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was named heir to the throne on the death of Sultan bin Abdulaziz in October 2011, but Nayef himself died in June 2012. Abdullah then named 76-year-old defense minister, Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, as crown prince. According to various reports, Abdullah married up to 30 times and had more than 35 children. The king had a personal fortune estimated at US$18 billion, making him the third-wealthiest head of state in the world. He died on 23 January 2015, at the age of 90, three weeks after being hospitalized for pneumonia, and was succeeded as king by his half-brother Salman of Saudi Arabia.", "Q93557": "John Edward Michael Moore, Baron Moore of Lower Marsh, (26 November 1937 \u2013 20 May 2019) was a British politician who was Member of Parliament for Croydon Central from February 1974 until 1992. During the Premiership of Margaret Thatcher he enjoyed a meteoric rise through the ranks of government which culminated in his serving as a Secretary of State in the Cabinet from 1987 to 1989. For a time, he was considered a rising star of the Conservative Party and a potential leadership contender.\nHe was particularly noted for his \"filmstar good looks\" and an American background. Moore's wife was American and he had lived for several years in the USA. He brought aspects of American corporate culture to government and was reported to speak with a slight American accent. His first political experience was as a Democratic Party organiser in Illinois during the early 1960s.\nHowever, his fortunes in government waned after 1987 when he was made responsible for the highly sensitive portfolios of health and social security. His earlier success had been as a facilitator of the Thatcher government's privatisation programme. In this capacity he became known as \"Mr Privatisation\". When Moore attempted to extend this concept into the management of the National Health Service and the wider provision of social services, he encountered opposition from all sides. After losing credibility he was effectively demoted in 1988 (through loss of the health portfolio) and then sacked from his cabinet post in 1989.\nThe Times diary (13 January 1988) described him as follows;\n\nHis face it is blank, his blue tie is neat; A slight flush can be seen on his cheek; But though his jaw juts and his gestures are tough; His impression of strength comes out weak.\nHe left the House of Commons in 1992, and subsequently held a number of corporate directorships and chairmanships.", "Q172753": "Alan Stanley Jones, (born 2 November 1946 in Melbourne, Victoria) is an Australian former Formula One driver. He was the first driver to win a Formula One World Championship with the Williams team, becoming the 1980 World Drivers' Champion and the second Australian to do so following triple World Champion Sir Jack Brabham. He competed in a total of 117 Grands Prix, winning 12 and achieving 24 podium finishes. In 1978 Jones won the Can-Am championship driving a Lola.\nJones is also the last Australian driver to win the Australian Grand Prix, winning the 1980 event at Calder Park Raceway, having lapped the field consisting mostly of Formula 5000 cars while he was driving his Formula One Championship winning Williams FW07B.", "Q189287": "Zenbee Mizoguchi (\u6e9d\u53e3 \u5584\u5175\u885b, Mizoguchi Zenbee, born 20 January 1946) is a Japanese politician and the current governor of Shimane Prefecture in Japan, first elected in 2007. He is a graduate of the University of Tokyo and former official of the Ministry of Finance.\n\n", "Q452106": "Claire Chazal (pronounced [kl\u025b\u02d0\u0281 \u0283azal]) (born 1 December 1956) is a French journalist, romance writer, and former director of news at a national television station, TF1.\nShe had been the weekend news anchor at TF1 beginning in 1991, and gave her final broadcast at the station on September 13, 2015; Anne-Claire Coudray, who had often substituted for her when she was absent, was announced as her replacement. Between 2010 and 2015, she had also been the host of Reportage at 1.30pm, after the news.\nShe used to host Je/nous de Claire a talk-show on the gay television channel Pink TV that she helped start in 2004. (The title of this show puns on Le Genou de Claire, a French film known in English as Claire's Knee.) \nChazal obtained an HEC School of Management diploma.", "Q635131": "James E. Brown (22 March 1920 \u2013 11 April 1992) was an American film and TV actor best known for his role as Lieutenant Ripley \"Rip\" Masters in all 166 episodes of the 1954-1959 ABC Western television series, The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin. He was also credited variously as J.B. Brown, Jim L. Brown, and James Bowen Brown.", "Q78290": "Konrad Heiden (7 August 1901 \u2013 18 June 1966) was a German-American journalist and historian of the Weimar Republic and Nazi eras, most noted for the first influential biographies of Adolf Hitler. Often, he wrote under the pseudonym \"Klaus Bredow.\"", "Q92891": "Claus-Peter Schnorr (born 4 August 1943) is a German mathematician and cryptographer.", "Q58140": "Prince Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Deputy King, Crown Prince of Bahrain (Arabic: \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u200e, born 21 October 1969) is the heir apparent and first deputy prime minister of the Kingdom of Bahrain. He is also the deputy supreme commander of the Bahrain Defense Force.", "Q124515": "Loren L. Ryder (March 9, 1900 \u2013 May 28, 1985) was an American sound engineer. He won five Academy Awards and was nominated for twelve more in the categories Best Sound Recording and Best Effects.After serving in World War I, Ryder studied physics and mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley, graduating in 1924. He went to work at Pacific Telephone & Telegraph where he developed an improved technique for transmitting images over telephone lines, using light valves. In 1928, Ryder joined Paramount Pictures where he worked in the emerging field of talking pictures. From and 1936 until 1957 he served as the studio's chief engineer and sound director. Some of his achievements included the development of the VistaVision wide-screen format and the production of the first full-length film using magnetic audio recording. Ryder was part of the production team who received an Academy Honorary Award at the 11th Academy Awards for their efforts on the Paramount film Spawn of the North.During World War II, General George S. Patton called upon Ryder's audio expertise to help disguise the sounds of American tanks at the Battle of the Bulge.", "Q240981": "Math\u00e9 Alt\u00e9ry (born Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Altare, 12 September 1927) is a French soprano prominent in the 1950s and 1960s. Math\u00e9 Alt\u00e9ry is the daughter of French tenor Mario Alt\u00e9ry.", "Q313315": "Tom Jones is a 1963 British comedy film, an adaptation of Henry Fielding's classic novel The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749), starring Albert Finney as the titular hero. It was one of the most critically acclaimed and popular comedies of its time, and won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture. The film was produced and directed by Tony Richardson and the screenplay was adapted by playwright John Osborne.\nTom Jones was a success both critically and at the box-office. At the 36th Academy Awards, it was nominated for ten Oscars, winning four: Best Picture, Best Director for Richardson, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Original Score. It also won two Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy, and three BAFTA Awards, including Best Film and Best British Film.\nIn 1999 the British Film Institute ranked it as the 51st greatest British film of the 20th Century.", "Q70814": "Heinrich XLV, Hereditary Prince Reuss Younger Line (German: Heinrich XLV Erbprinz Reu\u00df j\u00fcngere Linie; 13 May 1895 \u2013 presumably 1945) was the head of the House of Reuss from 1928 to 1945, as well the last male member of the Reuss-Schleiz branch of the Younger Line.", "Q218532": "John Franklin Candy (October 31, 1950 \u2013 March 4, 1994) was a Canadian actor and comedian known mainly for his work in Hollywood films. Candy rose to fame as a member of the Toronto branch of the Second City and its related Second City Television series, and through his appearances in such comedy films as Stripes, Splash, Cool Runnings, Summer Rental, Home Alone, The Great Outdoors, Spaceballs, and Uncle Buck, as well as more dramatic roles in Only the Lonely and JFK. One of his most renowned onscreen performances was as Del Griffith, the talkative shower-curtain ring salesman in the John Hughes comedy Planes, Trains and Automobiles. In addition to his work as an actor, Candy was a co-owner of the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League from 1991 until his death, and the team won the 1991 Grey Cup under his ownership.\nWhile filming the Western parody Wagons East, Candy died of a heart attack in Durango, Mexico on March 4, 1994, aged 43. His final two films, Wagons East and Canadian Bacon, are dedicated to his memory.", "Q41411": "Sir Sandford Fleming (January 7, 1827 \u2013 July 22, 1915) was a Scottish Canadian engineer and inventor. Born and raised in Scotland, he emigrated to colonial Canada at the age of 18. He promoted worldwide standard time zones, a prime meridian, and use of the 24-hour clock as key elements to communicating the accurate time, all of which influenced the creation of Coordinated Universal Time. He designed Canada's first postage stamp, left a huge body of surveying and map making, engineered much of the Intercolonial Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway, and was a founding member of the Royal Society of Canada and founder of the Canadian Institute, a science organization in Toronto.", "Q2565941": "The Royal Military College of Canada (French: Coll\u00e8ge Militaire Royal du Canada), commonly abbreviated as RMC (CMR in French), is the military college of the Canadian Armed Forces, and is a degree-granting university training military officers. RMC was established in 1876 and is the only federal institution in Canada with degree-granting powers. The Royal Military College of Canada Degrees Act, 1959 empowers the college to confer degrees in arts, science, and engineering. Programs are offered at the undergraduate and graduate levels, both on campus as well as through the college's distance learning programme via the Division of Continuing Studies.Located on Point Frederick, a 41-hectare (101-acre) peninsula in Kingston, Ontario, the college is a mix of historic buildings and more modern academic, athletic, and dormitory facilities. Officer cadets of the Royal Military College of Canada are trained in what are known as the \"four pillars\" of academics, officership, athletics, and bilingualism.\n\n", "Q92649": "Amir Pnueli (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05de\u05d9\u05e8 \u05e4\u05e0\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u200e; April 22, 1941 \u2013 November 2, 2009) was an Israeli computer scientist and the 1996 Turing Award recipient.", "Q3300067": "Mau5trap (stylized as mau5trap; pronounced \"mousetrap\") is an independent Canadian record label founded in 2007 by electronic music producer Deadmau5. The label was formerly a vanity label, hosting releases through labels such as Ultra Music, Virgin Records, and Astralwerks.", "Q270842": "Mar\u00eda Trinidad P\u00e9rez de Miravete-Mille y Pascual del Riquelme (12 July 1947 \u2013 6 April 2009), better known as Mari Trini, was a Spanish pop singer and actress from Caravaca de la Cruz.\nShe learned to play guitar as a youngster and wrote songs from an early age. Trini met producer Nicholas Ray in the 1960s, and he encouraged her to move to London; soon after she left for Paris, where she eventually signed to a record label. Her debut album was released in 1969, and through the 1970s and 1980s was a popular figure in Spanish pop music.\nMari Trini died in Murcia in 2009.", "Q181803": "Return of the Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VI \u2013 Return of the Jedi) is a 1983 American epic space opera film directed by Richard Marquand. The screenplay is by Lawrence Kasdan and George Lucas from a story by Lucas, who was also the executive producer. It is the third installment in the original Star Wars trilogy, the third film to be produced, and sixth film in the \"Skywalker saga\". It takes place one year after The Empire Strikes Back. The film stars Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Billy Dee Williams, Anthony Daniels, David Prowse, Kenny Baker, Peter Mayhew and Frank Oz.\nIn the film, the Galactic Empire, under the direction of the ruthless Emperor, is constructing a second Death Star in order to crush the Rebel Alliance once and for all. Since the Emperor plans to personally oversee the final stages of its construction, the Rebel Fleet launches a full-scale attack on the Death Star in order to prevent its completion and kill the Emperor, effectively bringing an end to his hold over the galaxy. Meanwhile, Luke Skywalker struggles to bring his father Darth Vader back to the light side of the Force.\nSteven Spielberg, David Lynch and David Cronenberg were considered to direct the project before Marquand signed on as director. The production team relied on Lucas' storyboards during pre-production. While writing the shooting script, Lucas, Kasdan, Marquand, and producer Howard Kazanjian spent two weeks in conference discussing ideas to construct it. Kazanjian's schedule pushed shooting to begin a few weeks early to allow Industrial Light & Magic more time to work on the film's effects in post-production. Filming took place in England, California, and Arizona from January to May 1982 (1982-05). Strict secrecy surrounded the production.\nThe film was released in theaters on May 25, 1983, six years to the day of the release of the first film, receiving mostly positive reviews. It grossed $475 million worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1983. Several re-releases and revisions to the film have followed over the decades.", "Q7896446": "The University of Texas School of Law (Texas Law) is one of the professional graduate schools of the University of Texas at Austin. Texas Law is consistently ranked as one of the top law schools in the United States and admits roughly 20% of its applicants. It is widely considered to be the best law school in both Texas and the Southwest. Every year, Texas Law places a significant part of its class into law firms, where median base salaries start at $190,000. According to Texas Law's 2016 disclosures, 80.66% of the Class of 2016 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation.The school has 19,000 living alumni. Amongst its alumni are U.S. Secretary of State James A. Baker; U.S. Secretary of Treasury Lloyd Bentsen; White House Senior Advisor Paul Begala; U.S. Supreme Court Justice and U.S. Attorney General Tom C. Clark ; Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives Sam Rayburn; litigator Sarah Weddington who represented Jane Roe in the seminal case Roe v Wade; and Gustavo C. Garcia, Carlos Cadena, James DeAnda lead litigators for the landmark civil rights case Hernandez v. Texas.\n\n", "Q222862": "Jeremy Lemont Saunders (born June 11, 1983), better known by his stage name 2 Pistols (censored as 2P), is an American rapper and songwriter. He hails from Tarpon Springs, Florida. After the local success of his independent single \"Dirty Foot\", he was offered a record deal with Universal Republic Records in 2007. His debut single, \"She Got It\" featuring T-Pain, was released in 2007, and peaked at number 7 on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart in 2008, and hit number 2 on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart.", "Q532180": "Cole Kenneth Hauser (born March 22, 1975) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the films School Ties, Dazed and Confused, Good Will Hunting, Pitch Black, Tigerland, Hart's War, Tears of the Sun, 2 Fast 2 Furious, The Cave, The Break-Up, A Good Day to Die Hard, Olympus Has Fallen, and Transcendence. He starred as Officer Randy Willitz on the police crime drama series High Incident and Ethan Kelly on the police drama Rogue. He currently stars as Rip Wheeler on the Paramount Network western drama series Yellowstone.", "Q685194": "Jacques Calonne (born 1930 in Mons) is a Belgian artist, composer, singer, actor, logogramist, and writer.", "Q203674": "Pierre Klossowski (; French: [kl\u0254\u02c8s\u0254fski]; August 9, 1905, Paris \u2013 August 12, 2001, Paris) was a French writer, translator and artist. He was the eldest son of the artists Erich Klossowski and Baladine Klossowska, and his younger brother was the painter Balthus.", "Q772508": "Arlette Chabot (born 21 July 1951) is a prominent French journalist and political commentator. She was until August 2010 the head of the editorial team of France 2. In March 2011 she moved to the radio station Europe 1 to become head of news and information.\nChabot began her career at France Inter in 1974, where she was a speaker and headed the political services of the redaction. In 1984, she joined TF1 and headed its political service until 1990. She joined FR3 and became head redactor of the political and economical service. From 1992, she held the same office at France 2. From 1994 to 1998, she was deputy director of the redaction of France 2.\nShe animated the debate show Mots Crois\u00e9s from September 1997 to September 2005, when she was replaced by Yves Calvi.\nFrom February 2004 until February 2011, Arlette Chabot was director of the editorial team of France 2, replacing Olivier Mazerolle. She has also hosted the show \u00c0 vous de juger on France 2 since September 2005.\nChabot was one of the journalists (along with Patrick Poivre d'Arvor) who moderated the 2 May 2007 French presidential debate between S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne Royal and Nicolas Sarkozy.\n\n", "Q426687": "Bradley J. Wilk (born September 5, 1968) is an American musician, actor, and activist. He is best known as the drummer of the rock bands Rage Against the Machine (1991\u20132000; 2007\u20132011; 2019-present), Audioslave (2001\u20132007; 2017), and Prophets of Rage (2016\u20132019).\nWilk started his career as a drummer for Greta in 1990, and helped co-found Rage with Tom Morello and Zack de la Rocha in August 1991. Following that band's breakup in October 2000 Wilk, Morello, Rage Against the Machine bassist Tim Commerford, and Soundgarden front man Chris Cornell formed the supergroup Audioslave, which broke up in 2007. As of 2016, he is playing in the band Prophets of Rage, with Commerford, Morello, Chuck D, B-Real and DJ Lord.\nWilk has also performed drums on English metal band Black Sabbath's final album 13. The album was released in June 2013. Wilk briefly played with Pearl Jam shortly after the release of their debut album Ten.", "Q81153": "Lincoln College (formally, The College of the Blessed Mary and All Saints, Lincoln) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford, situated on Turl Street in central Oxford. Lincoln was founded in 1427 by Richard Fleming, then Bishop of Lincoln.\nNotable alumni include John Radcliffe, Nobel Prize winner Howard Florey, Edward Abraham, Norman Heatley, John le Carr\u00e9, Rachel Maddow, Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss), Nevil Sidgwick and John Wesley. Roland Berrill, an Australian barrister, and Dr. Lancelot Ware, a British scientist and lawyer, founded Mensa at Lincoln College in 1946. Lincoln College has one of the oldest working medieval kitchens in the UK.", "Q290008": "\u00c9tienne Pariset (5 August 1770, in Grand \u2013 3 July 1847, in Paris) was a French physician and psychiatrist.\nIn 1805 he received medical doctorate in Paris with the thesis Dissertation sur les h\u00e9morrhagies ut\u00e9rines (\"Dissertation on uterine hemorrhages\"). In 1814 he joined Bic\u00eatre Hospital as a physician, where in 1819 he was named head of department for mental illness. In 1822 he was appointed perpetual secretary at the Acad\u00e9mie Nationale de M\u00e9decine, a position he maintained up until his death. From January 1826, he was associated with the Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, where he succeeded Jean-\u00c9tienne Dominique Esquirol as physician for the insane.In 1819\u201322 he distinguished himself in his work combatting yellow fever in Spain, and from 1828 onward, conducted research of infectious diseases in Syria and Egypt. In the latter country, he became good friends with archaeologist Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion.\n\nIn 1819 he became part of the Commission pour l'am\u00e9lioration du sort des ali\u00e9n\u00e9s (Commission for improving the lot of the insane), whose members included Esquirol, Philippe Pinel and Antoine-Athanase Royer-Collard. In 1845 he was a founding member of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Protectrice des Animaux (SPA), serving as its first president up until his death in 1847.", "Q3972237": "Steeltown Records was an American record company in Gary, Indiana. The company was founded in 1966 by William Adams (a.k.a. Gordon Keith) and co-owned with Ben Brown (deceased), Maurice Rogers, Willie Spencer (deceased), and Lou \"Ludie\" D. Washington (deceased). The record company was mostly active from 1966 to 1972. \"Steeltown\" is best known for giving the Jackson 5 their start in the music industry. The Jackson 5's first record was released on the Steeltown label in early 1968, before Motown signed the group in 1969. \nTwo Jackson 5 singles were recorded for Steeltown at a South Chicago recording studio in 1967, \"Big Boy\"/\"You Changed\" and \"We Don't Have To Be Over 21 (to Fall in Love)\"/\"Jam Session\". \"Big Boy\", Michael Jackson's first song, was released on January 31, 1968 by Gordon Keith, who was the manager and producer of the Jackson Five and their songs. \"Big Boy\" was played on Chicago-Gary area radio stations and became a local hit. The following March, Keith signed a contract with Atlantic Records to manufacture and distribute the \"Big Boy\"/\"You Changed\" record nationally. Atco Records, a division of Atlantic Records in New York City, distributed several thousand Steeltown copies with the \"Atlantic-Atco\" record sleeve. Many of these vinyl records (45 rpm) are still in existence, as are some of the first \"Big Boy\" singles distributed in Gary by Steeltown. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum owns one of the original Steeltown \"Big Boy\"/\"You Changed\" records (#681), and this single was on display there in 2010.\nThe Jacksons moved to Los Angeles, California in 1969. After Ben Brown moved there in 1985, he partnered with Joe Jackson the father of The Jackson 5, and became the president of Jackson Records. In January 2015, Brown's son Dwayne Joseph Brown and his son's business partner, Alicia Barber (songwriter and author whom wrote \"Born Rejected\"), came together to launch SteelTown Los Angeles. A SteelTown movie is in the works which is set to be released in 2020.", "Q3828139": "Lawrence W. Fertig (b. 1898 \u2013 d. 1986) was an American advertising executive and a libertarian journalist and economic commentator.\nFertig wrote a weekly column for the New York World-Telegram and the New York Sun. Fertig also wrote the 1961 Regnery Publishing offering, Prosperity Through Freedom.He was the founder of Lawrence Fertig & Company, a New York City advertising and marketing firm. The Hoover Institution maintains an archive of Fertig's papers in Stanford, California.", "Q482657": "Logan is a city in Cache County, Utah, United States. The 2010 census recorded the population was 48,174, with an estimated population of 51,619 in 2018. By 2050 the population of Logan is expected to double. Logan is the county seat of Cache County and the principal city of the Logan metropolitan area, which includes Cache County and Franklin County, Idaho. The Logan metropolitan area contained 125,442 people as of the 2010 census. and was declared by Morgan Quitno in 2005 and 2007 to be the safest in the United States in those years. Logan also is the location of the main campus of Utah State University.\n\n", "Q301711": "Aaron Augustus Sargent (September 28, 1827 \u2013 August 14, 1887) was an American journalist, lawyer, politician and diplomat. In 1878, Sargent historically introduced what would later become the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, giving women the right to vote. He was sometimes called the \"Senator for the Southern Pacific Railroad\".", "Q2114397": "The Yogyakarta Sultanate (Javanese: \ua98f\ua9b1\ua9b8\ua9ad\ua9c0\ua9a0\ua9a4\ua9c0\ua9a4\ua9a4\ua9c0\u200b\ua994\ua9aa\ua9ba\ua9b4\ua992\ua9be\ua98f\ua982\ua9a1\u200b\ua9b2\ua9a2\ua9b6\ua9a4\ua9b6\ua994\ua9bf\ua9a0\ua9c0, romanized: Kasultanan Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Javanese pronunciation: [\u014bajogj\u0254kart\u0254 hadin\u026a\u014brat]; Indonesian: Kesultanan Yogyakarta) is a Javanese monarchy in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The current head of the Sultanate is Hamengkubuwono X.Yogyakarta existed as a state since 1755 on the territory of modern Indonesia in the central part of Java Island. The Sultanate became the main theater of military operations during the Javan war of 1825\u20131830, following which a significant part of its territory was annexed by the Dutch, and the degree of autonomy was significantly curtailed. In 1946\u20131948, during the war of independence of Indonesia, the capital of the republic was transferred to the territory of the sultanate, in the city of Yogyakarta.\nIn 1950, Yogyakarta became part of Indonesia as a special region, on the status equal to a province. At the same time, the hereditary sultan's title and some ceremonial privileges were legally secured for its rulers. The sultanate is claimed to own almost 10% of Yogyakarta's land.", "Q451369": "Ji\u0159\u00ed (Georgo) Mordechai Langer (19 March 1894 in Prague \u2013 12 March 1943 in Tel Aviv) was a Hebrew poet, scholar and essayist, journalist and teacher.", "Q120015": "Lucius Aelius Sejanus, alternatively spelled Seianus (June 3, 20 BC \u2013 October 18, AD 31), commonly known as Sejanus (), was an ambitious soldier, friend and confidant of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. An equestrian by birth, Sejanus rose to power as prefect of the Roman imperial bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, of which he was commander from AD 14 until his death in AD 31.\nWhile the Praetorian Guard was formally established under Emperor Augustus, Sejanus introduced a number of reforms which saw the unit evolve beyond a mere bodyguard, into a powerful and influential branch of the government involved in public security, civil administration and ultimately political intercession; these changes would have a lasting impact on the course of the Principate.\nDuring the 20s, Sejanus gradually accumulated power by consolidating his influence over Tiberius and eliminating potential political opponents, including the emperor's son Drusus Julius Caesar. When Tiberius withdrew to Capri in AD 26, Sejanus was left in control of the administration of the empire. For a time the most influential and feared citizen of Rome, Sejanus suddenly fell from power in AD 31, the year his career culminated with the consulship. Amidst suspicions of conspiracy against Tiberius, Sejanus was arrested and executed, along with his followers.\n\n", "Q492322": "Heide (German pronunciation: ['ha\u026a\u032fd\u0259]) is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is the capital of the Kreis (district) Dithmarschen. Population: 21,000.\nThe German word Heide means \"heath\". In the 15th century four adjoining villages decided to build a church in the \"middle of the heath\". This remained the town's name to date. The exact foundation date is now unknown, but by 1447 Heide was already the main village of Dithmarschen. At this time Dithmarschen was an independent peasant republic. Heide became a town in the 19th century. \nHeide has the largest un-built-upon market square in Germany, with 4.7 hectares. It is used primarily as a parking lot and has approximately 500 parking spaces. In 2016, the city staged 3 car-free Sundays on the market square for the first time.", "Q90738": "Mathis Landwehr (born 30 May 1980) is a German actor and film producer. He appeared in more than thirty films since 2002.", "Q301077": "Stuck on You is a 2003 American comedy film directed by the Farrelly brothers and starring Matt Damon and Greg Kinnear as conjoined twins, whose conflicting aspirations provide both conflict and humorous situations, in particular when one of them wishes to move to Hollywood to pursue a career as an actor.", "Q494753": "Andrea Pininfarina (26 June 1957 \u2013 7 August 2008) was an Italian engineer and manager, former CEO of the Italian coachbuilder Pininfarina, founded by his grandfather Battista \"Pinin\" Farina in 1930 and still controlled by the family. He was the son of Sergio Pininfarina and was married to Italian aristocrat Cristina Maddalena Pellion di Persano, with whom he had three children, Benedetta, Sergio and Luca.Pininfarina was born in Turin. In 1981 he graduated from Polytechnic of Turin as a mechanical engineer and in 1982 was employed by Fruehauf corporation in the United States of America. In 1983 he joined the family business as Program Manager of the Cadillac Allant\u00e9 project at Pininfarina. In 1987 he was promoted to Co-General Manager of the company, and in 1988 he became General Manager. In 1994 he was again promoted to Managing Director, and in 2001 he assumed the responsibility of chief executive officer. Pininfarina briefly served as vice president of Italy's Confindustria industry lobby before his death in 2008. In 2004 he was named by Businessweek as one of the \"25 stars of Europe\", in the category dedicated to innovators, while in 2005 he received the Eurostar 2005 award from The Automotive News Europe, awarded to \"top managers who have particularly distinguished themselves in the business sectors covered by their respective automotive companies.\"Pininfarina died while riding a Vespa near the company\u2019s headquarters in Cambiano outside Turin, Italy, on the morning of 7 August 2008. According to police, a car driven by a 78-year-old man maneuvered from a side street around a parked lorry and pulled directly in front of Pininfarina. Conditions at the time of the accident were very foggy.\n\n", "Q96349": "Heinrich Pudor (31 August 1865 in Loschwitz (near Dresden) \u2013 22 December 1943 in Leipzig) was a German Volkish-nationalist pundit and a pioneer of nudist culture in Germany. He took the pseudonyms Heinrich Scham and Ernst Deutsch.", "Q138882": "Patricia Frances Grace (born 1937) is a New Zealand M\u0101ori writer of novels, short stories, and children's books.\nHer first published work, Waiariki (1975), was the first collection of short stories by a M\u0101ori woman writer. She has been described as \"a key figure in contemporary world literature and in Maori literature in English.\" She was awarded the 2008 Neustadt International Prize for Literature.", "Q108941": "Carrie Frances Fisher (October 21, 1956 \u2013 December 27, 2016) was an American actress, writer, and comedian. Fisher is known for playing Princess Leia in the Star Wars films, a role for which she was nominated for four Saturn Awards. Her other film credits include Shampoo (1975), The Blues Brothers (1980), Hannah and Her Sisters (1986), The 'Burbs (1989), When Harry Met Sally... (1989), Soapdish (1991), and The Women (2008). Fisher was nominated twice for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her performances on the television series 30 Rock and Catastrophe. She was posthumously made a Disney Legend in 2017, and in 2018 she was awarded a posthumous Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album.\nFisher wrote several semi-autobiographical novels, including Postcards from the Edge and an autobiographical one-woman play, and its non-fiction book, Wishful Drinking, based on the play. She wrote the screenplay for the film version of Postcards From The Edge which garnered her a BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay nomination, and her one-woman stage show of Wishful Drinking was filmed for television and received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special. Fisher worked on other writers' screenplays as a script doctor, including tightening the scripts for Hook (1991), Sister Act (1992), The Wedding Singer (1998), and many of the films from the Star Wars franchise, among others. In later years, she earned praise for speaking publicly about her experiences with bipolar disorder and drug addiction.\nFisher was the daughter of singer Eddie Fisher and actress Debbie Reynolds. She and her mother appear in Bright Lights: Starring Carrie Fisher and Debbie Reynolds, a documentary about their relationship. It premiered at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. Fisher died of a sudden cardiac arrest on December 27, 2016, at age 60, four days after experiencing a medical emergency during a transatlantic flight from London to Los Angeles. One of her final films, Star Wars: The Last Jedi, was released on December 15, 2017, and is dedicated to her. Fisher appeared in Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker through the use of unreleased footage from The Force Awakens.", "Q45111": "John Rea Neill (November 12, 1877 \u2013 September 19, 1943) was a magazine and children's book illustrator primarily known for illustrating more than forty stories set in the Land of Oz, including L. Frank Baum's, Ruth Plumly Thompson's, and three of his own. His pen-and-ink drawings have become identified almost exclusively with the Oz series. He did a great deal of magazine and newspaper illustration work which is not as well known today.", "Q89269": "Gustav Tauschek (April 29, 1899, Vienna, Austria \u2013 February 14, 1945, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland) was an Austrian pioneer of Information technology and developed numerous improvements for punched card-based calculating machines from 1922 to 1945.", "Q954698": "Sandro Bondi (born 14 May 1959) is an Italian politician. He served as Minister of Culture from 2008 to 2011, in the Berlusconi IV Cabinet.", "Q46418": "Constantius II (Latin: Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus; Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2; 7 August 317 \u2013 3 November 361) was Roman Emperor from 337 to 361. His reign saw constant warfare on the borders against the Sasanian Empire and Germanic peoples, while internally the Roman Empire went through repeated civil wars and usurpations. His religious policies inflamed domestic conflicts that would continue after his death.\nThe second son of Constantine I and Fausta, Constantius was made Caesar by his father in 324. He led the Roman army in war against the Sasanian Empire in 336. A year later, Constantine I died, and Constantius became Augustus with his brothers Constantine II and Constans. He promptly oversaw the massacre of eight of his relatives, consolidating his hold on power. The brothers divided the empire among themselves, with Constantius receiving the eastern provinces. In 340, his brothers Constantine and Constans clashed over the western provinces of the empire. The resulting conflict left Constantine dead and Constans as ruler of the west. The war against the Sasanians continued, with Constantius losing a major battle at Singara in 344. Constans was overthrown and assassinated in 350 by the usurper Magnentius. \nUnwilling to accept Magnentius as co-ruler, Constantius waged a civil war against the usurper, defeating him at the battles of Mursa Major in 351 and Mons Seleucus in 353. Magnentius committed suicide after the latter battle, leaving Constantius as sole ruler of the empire. In 351, Constantius elevated his cousin Constantius Gallus to the subordinate rank of Caesar to rule in the east, but had him executed three years later after receiving scathing reports of his violent and corrupt nature. Shortly thereafter, in 355, Constantius promoted his last surviving cousin, Gallus' younger half-brother Julian, to the rank of Caesar.\nAs emperor, Constantius promoted Arian Christianity, persecuted pagans by banning sacrifices and closing pagan temples and issued laws discriminating against Jews. His military campaigns against Germanic tribes were successful: he defeated the Alamanni in 354 and campaigned across the Danube against the Quadi and Sarmatians in 357. The war against the Sasanians, which had been in a lull since 350, erupted with renewed intensity in 359 and Constantius traveled to the east in 360 to restore stability after the loss of several border fortresses to the Sasanians. However, Julian claimed the rank of Augustus in 360, leading to war between the two after Constantius' attempts to convince Julian to back down failed. No battle was fought, as Constantius became ill and died of fever on 3 November 361 in Mopsuestia, naming Julian as his rightful successor before his death.", "Q1564869": "Sa\u0161a Novak Radulovi\u0107 - Sale (born 22 December 1964 in Zagreb) is a Croatian guitarist. He is the former guitarist and producer from the band Psihomodo pop. \nHe started his career in Karlovac as the leader of the famous local punk-rock band Nu\u017eni izlaz.\nHe has also played with some of the best Croatian musicians and authors as Drago Mlinarec, Dino Dvornik, and Ivan Piko Stan\u010di\u0107 as the duo Novak and Kopola in the project \"Rock Academy\" as well.\nSa\u0161a Novak Radulovi\u0107 is known as one of the best guitarist and performers in ex Yugoslavia and Croatia. In his biography, glam-rock project Virusi was one of the most interesting revivals on the Croatian scene. Together with the band Psihomodo pop was created a serial of fairy tales in rock style made for kids. \nInteresting collaborations were made with La Video and Drago Mlinarec as well as La Video and Mirta Ze\u010devi\u0107 (Croatian actress).\nLiving in Germany, he is still active as record producer and musician.", "Q540516": "Cui Jian ([ts\u02b0w\u00e9\u026a t\u0255j\u025b\u0302n]; born 2 August 1961) is a Beijing-based Chinese singer-songwriter, trumpeter and guitarist. Affectionately called \"Old Cui\" (Chinese: \u8001\u5d14; pinyin: l\u01ceo Cu\u012b), he pioneered Chinese rock music. For this distinction Cui Jian is often labeled \"The Father of Chinese Rock\".", "Q17131": "Pontius Pilate was the fifth governor of the Roman province of Judaea, serving under Emperor Tiberius from 26/27 to 36/37 CE. He is best known today for being the official who presided over the trial of Jesus and ordered his crucifixion. Pilate's importance in modern Christianity is underscored by his prominent place in both the Apostles and Nicene Creeds. Due to the Gospels' portrayal of Pilate as reluctant to execute Jesus, the Coptic and Ethiopian Churches believe that Pilate became a Christian and venerate him as a martyr and saint.Although Pilate is the best-attested governor of Judaea, few sources on his rule have survived. He appears to have belonged to the well-attested Pontii family, but nothing is known for certain about his life before he became governor of Judaea, nor of the circumstances that led to his appointment to the governorship. A single inscription from Pilate's governorship has survived, the so-called Pilate stone, as have coins that he minted. The Jewish historian Josephus and philosopher Philo of Alexandria both mention incidents of tension and violence between the Jewish population and Pilate's administration. Many of these involve Pilate acting in ways that offended the religious sensibilities of the Jews. The Christian Gospels record that Pilate ordered the crucifixion of Jesus at some point during his time in office; Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus also appear to have recorded this information. According to Josephus, Pilate's removal from office occurred because he violently suppressed an armed Samaritan movement at Mount Gerizim. He was sent back to Rome by the legate of Syria to answer for this before Tiberius, who, however, had died before he arrived. Nothing is known for certain about what happened to him after this. On the basis of a mention in the second-century pagan philosopher Celsus and Christian apologist Origen, most modern historians believe that Pilate simply retired after his dismissal. Modern historians have differing assessments of Pilate as an effective ruler; while some believe he was a particularly brutal and ineffective governor, others argue that his long time in office means he must have been reasonably competent. According to one prominent post-war theory, Pilate was motivated by antisemitism in his treatment of the Jews, but this theory has been mostly abandoned.In Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, Pilate became the focus of a large group of New Testament apocrypha expanding on his role in the Gospels. In many of these, particularly the earlier texts from the Eastern Roman Empire, Pilate was portrayed as a positive figure. In some, he became a Christian martyr. In later, particularly Western Christian texts, he was instead portrayed as a negative figure and villain, with traditions surrounding his death by suicide featuring prominently. Pilate was also the focus of numerous medieval legends, which invented a complete biography for him and portrayed him as villainous and cowardly. Many of these legends connected Pilate's place of birth or death to particular locations around Western Europe.\nPilate has frequently been a subject of artistic representation. Medieval art frequently portrayed scenes of Pilate and Jesus, often in the scene where he washes his hands of guilt for Jesus's death. In the art of the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Pilate is often depicted as a Jew. The nineteenth century saw a renewed interest in depicting Pilate, with numerous images made. He plays an important role in medieval passion plays, where he is often a more prominent character than Jesus. His characterization in these plays varies greatly, from weak-willed and coerced into crucifying Jesus to being an evil person who demands Jesus's crucifixion. Modern authors who feature Pilate prominently in their works include Anatole France, Mikhail Bulgakov, and Chingiz Aitmatov, with a majority of modern treatments of Pilate dating to after the Second World War. Pilate has also frequently been portrayed in film.", "Q5432672": "False Witness, also known as The Diplomat internationally, is a two-part Australian television mini-series, produced by Screentime Australia, and broadcast simultaneously on the Australian subscription television channel UK.TV and BBC HD. Commissioned as part of its required drama output, False Witness was the third in a series of drama commissions by the network in 2008, following Make or Break and Supernova.Inspired by real events, The Diplomat stars Dougray Scott as Ian Porter, a British diplomat to Tajikistan, who comes under scrutiny from Scotland Yard whilst trying to prevent the sale of a nuclear bomb formerly belonging to the Soviet Union.The series premiered in Australia on 11 January 2009, with the second episode broadcast the following night. The series also broadcast in the United States on iOn as a four-hour event on 17 January 2009. Despite being co-produced by the BBC, the series was never broadcast on terrestrial television in the United Kingdom, instead being made available on DVD on 14 March 2011 via Showbox Entertainment. The series was, however, broadcast on True Entertainment.\n\n", "Q208047": "Tunnel Rats, also known as 1968 Tunnel Rats, is a 2008 German-Canadian war suspense film written and directed by Uwe Boll. The film is based on the factual duties of tunnel rats during the Vietnam War. In a documentary for the film, Boll revealed the film did not have a script, and instead the actors improvised their lines.The box office return was poor, but Tunnel Rats was met with positive reviews.", "Q217167": "Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e Fay\u1e63al ibn \u2018Abd al-\u2018Az\u012bz \u0100l Su\u2018\u016bd; 14 April 1906 \u2013 25 March 1975) was King of Saudi Arabia from 1964 to 1975. \nFaisal was the third son of King Abdulaziz. His mother, Tarfa, was a member of the Al ash-Sheikh family which has produced many prominent Saudi religious leaders. Faisal emerged as an influential royal politician under his father and brother King Saud, serving as foreign minister of the Saudi domains for all but two years from 1930 until his death. He was crown prince after Saud's accession in 1953, and in that position he outlawed slavery in Saudi Arabia. He persuaded King Saud to abdicate in his favour in 1964 with the help of other members of the royal family and his relative, Grand Mufti Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh.\nFaisal implemented a policy of modernization and reform. His main foreign policy themes were pan-Islamism, anti-communism, and pro-Palestinian nationalism. He attempted to limit the power of Islamic religious officials. Protesting against support that Israel received from the West, he led the oil embargo which caused the 1973 oil crisis.\nFaisal successfully stabilized the kingdom's bureaucracy, and his reign had significant popularity among Saudi Arabians despite his reforms facing some controversy. In 1975, he was assassinated by his nephew Faisal bin Musaid.", "Q528866": "Madison Danielle Davenport (born November 22, 1996) is an American actress and singer, best known for her role as Kate Fuller in From Dusk till Dawn: The Series. Davenport also appeared in Kit Kittredge: An American Girl as Kit's best friend Ruthie Smithens.", "Q84995": "Wolfgang Krause (18 September 1895, Steglitz \u2013 14 August 1970, G\u00f6ttingen) was a German linguist. He specialised initially in Celtic studies and the Tokharians, later in Old Norse and especially runology.", "Q878400": "Peter Ludwig Hertel (21 April 1817 \u2013 13 June 1899) was a German composer of dance music. He is best known as the composer of the ballet La fille mal gard\u00e9e. He also composed the music for the Faust ballet Satanella oder Metamorphosen, and \"Die Abenteuer von Flick und Flock\" (The Adventure of Flick and Flock), both choreographed by Paul Taglioni.", "Q481438": "Frederick Stock (born Friedrich August Stock; November 11, 1872, J\u00fclich, Rhine Province \u2013 October 20, 1942, Chicago, Illinois) was a German conductor and composer, most famous for his 37-year tenure as music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.", "Q1515048": "The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) is a public graduate school operated by the United States Navy and located in Monterey, California. It grants master's degrees, doctoral degrees, and certificates. Established in 1909, the school also offers research fellowship opportunities at the postdoctoral level through the National Academies\u2019 National Research Council research associateship program.\n\n", "Q57515": "Mohamed Waheed Hassan Manik (Dhivehi: \u0791\u0783. \u0789\u07aa\u0799\u07a6\u0787\u07b0\u0789\u07a6\u078b\u07aa \u0788\u07a6\u0799\u07a9\u078b\u07aa \u0799\u07a6\u0790\u07a6\u0782\u07b0 \u0789\u07a6\u0782\u07a8\u0786\u07aa; Arabic: \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0648\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u062f \u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0646 \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0643; born 3 January 1953) was the 5th President of the Maldives from 7 February 2012 to 17 November 2013, having succeeded to office following the disputed resignation of President Mohamed Nasheed, under whom Waheed had served as the Maldives' first Vice President in over half a century since 2008. He had previously worked as a news anchor, a United Nations official with UNICEF, UNDP and UNESCO, and a member of the Maldivian Parliament. Waheed was the first citizen of the Maldives to receive a Ph.D., having received it at Stanford University in the U.S., and reportedly the first person to appear on Maldivian Television.\nOn 7 February 2012, he assumed the office of president following the resignation of the incumbent, Mohamed Nasheed, which took place under circumstances which have not been fully clarified. Waheed is alleged to have collaborated with the opposition in order to force Nasheed's resignation. Waheed was the first Maldivian Vice President to have fully succeeded to presidency, and he was to serve for the remainder of the presidential term until November 2013.\nDuring his short tenure in office he was one of the most unpopular presidents the Maldives has had. When he stood for re-election to a full 5-year term in the 2013 election, he was defeated by a wide margin and finished as the least voted of the four candidates running, having received only a little over 5% of the vote. The results of that election were later annulled, however, and a re-run was held, but Waheed chose not to stand for election again.\nHaving taken office at the age of 59 years, and having left it at the age of 60 years and ten months, he is to date the oldest person to have served as President of the Maldives.\n\n", "Q58626": "Karl Franz Gebhardt (23 November 1897 \u2013 2 June 1948) was a German medical doctor and a war criminal during World War II. He served as Medical Superintendent of the Hohenlychen Sanatorium, Consulting Surgeon of the Waffen-SS, Chief Surgeon in the Staff of the Reich Physician SS and Police, and personal physician to Heinrich Himmler.Gebhardt was the main coordinator of a series of surgical experiments performed on inmates of the concentration camps at Ravensbr\u00fcck and Auschwitz. These experiments were an attempt to defend his approach to the surgical management of grossly contaminated traumatic wounds, against the then-new innovations of antibiotic treatment of injuries acquired on the battlefield.During the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials, Gebhardt stood trial in the Doctors' trial (American Military Tribunal No. I). He was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity and sentenced to death on 20 August 1947. He was hanged on 2 June 1948, in Landsberg Prison in Bavaria.", "Q1395375": "Petr Kellner (born 20 May 1964) is a Czech billionaire businessman. In 2018, Kellner ranked #88 on the Forbes World's billionaires list, with an estimated net worth of US$15.5 billion. \n\n", "Q955586": "Matt Rees is a Welsh novelist and journalist. He is the author of The Palestine Quartet, a series of crime novels about Omar Yussef, a Palestinian sleuth, and of historical novels and thrillers. He is the winner of a Crime Writers Association Dagger for his crime fiction in the UK and a finalist for the National Jewish Book Award for fiction in the US. His latest novel is the international thriller China Strike, the second in a series about an agent with US Immigration and Customs Enforcement.His first book was a work of nonfiction, Cain's Field: Faith, Fratricide, and Fear in the Middle East in 2004 (Free Press), about Israeli and Palestinian societies.\nThe New York Times called The Collaborator of Bethlehem, the first of his Palestinian crime novels about Bethlehem sleuth Omar Yussef, \"an astonishing first novel.\" 'Le Figaro called the book \"a masterpiece.\" Rees's writing has been compared with the work of Graham Greene, John Le Carre, Georges Simenon and Henning Mankell. The French magazine L'Express called him \"the Dashiell Hammett of Palestine.\" Rees's books have sold in 25 languages.\nRees was born in Newport, Wales. As a journalist, Rees covered the Middle East and lived in Jerusalem for 20 years. He was TIME's Jerusalem bureau chief from 2000 until 2006, writing award-winning stories about the Palestinian intifada. He also worked as Middle East correspondent for The Scotsman and Newsweek. He is married to the American humorist and author Devorah Blachor.", "Q3711": "Belgrade ( BEL-grayd; Serbian: Beograd / \u0411\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434, lit. 'White City', pronounced [be\u01d2\u0261rad] (listen); names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. The urban area of Belgrade has a population of 1.23 million, while nearly 1.7 million people live within the administrative limits of the City of Belgrade (which encompasses almost all of its metropolitan area), a quarter of the total population of Serbia.One of the most important prehistoric cultures of Europe, the Vin\u010da culture, evolved within the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC. In antiquity, Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region and, after 279 BC, Celts settled the city, naming it Singid\u016bn. It was conquered by the Romans under the reign of Augustus and awarded Roman city rights in the mid-2nd century. It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s, and changed hands several times between the Byzantine Empire, the Frankish Empire, the Bulgarian Empire, and the Kingdom of Hungary before it became the seat of the Serbian king Stefan Dragutin in 1284. In 1521, Belgrade was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and became the seat of the Sanjak of Smederevo. It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule, which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Austro-Ottoman wars. Belgrade was again named the capital of Serbia in 1841. Northern Belgrade remained the southernmost Habsburg post until 1918, when it was attached to the city, due to former Austro-Hungarian territories becoming the part of the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes after World War I. In a fatally strategic position, the city has been battled over in 115 wars and razed 44 times. Belgrade was the capital of Yugoslavia from its creation in 1918 to its dissolution in 2006.\nBeing Serbia's primate city, Belgrade has special administrative status within Serbia. It is the seat of the central government, administrative bodies, and government ministries, as well as home of almost all of the largest Serbian companies, media, and scientific institutions. Belgrade is classified as a Beta-Global City.\n\n", "Q95898": "Frank Henkel (born 16 November 1963) is a German politician. He is a member of the CDU party. Since 1 December 2011 he is a Mayor and Senator of the Interior and Sports of the German state of Berlin. From 2008 he was the opposition leader in the Abgeordnetenhaus, the state parliament of Berlin, in which he is a MP since 31 October 2001. In 2011 he led the CDU back into the government as the junior partner in an SPD-led coalition.\n\n", "Q112919": "Zofka Kveder (22 April 1878 \u2013 21 November 1926) was a writer, playwright, translator and journalist who wrote in Slovene and later in life also in Croatian. She is considered one of the first Slovene women writers and feministsKveder was born in Ljubljana and spent most of her childhood in rural Lower Carniola before she was sent to a convent school in Ljubljana. In 1897 she found work in Ljubljana. In 1899 she first moved to Trieste and then to Bern where she enrolled in the university, but was unable to support herself financially and headed for Munich and then Prague. There she met her future husband Vladimir Jelov\u0161ek, a Croatian medical student with whom she moved to Zagreb in 1906. She later remarried to the Croatian politician Juraj Demetrovi\u0107. In Prague she published her first book of short stories Misterij \u017eene (The Mystery of a Woman).In Slovene literature her encouragement of young writers at the time such as Pre\u017eihov Voranc and France Bevk in her role as the editor of the Prague published journal Doma\u010di prijatelj is also acknowledged. She also translated some of Janko Kersnik and Ivan Cankar's work into German as well as Czech and Croatian plays into Slovene.\n\n", "Q172035": "Colin James Farrell (; born 31 May 1976) is an Irish actor. Farrell appeared in the BBC drama Ballykissangel in 1998, made his film debut in the Tim Roth-directed drama The War Zone in 1999, and was discovered by Hollywood when Joel Schumacher cast him as the lead in the war drama Tigerland in 2000. He then starred in Schumacher's psychological thriller Phone Booth (2003) where he plays a hostage in a New York city phone booth, and the American thrillers S.W.A.T. (2003) and The Recruit (2003), establishing his international box-office appeal. During that time, he also appeared in Steven Spielberg's science fiction thriller Minority Report (2002) and as the villain Bullseye in the superhero film Daredevil (2003).\nAfter starring in the independent films Intermission (2003) and A Home at the End of the World (2004), Farrell headed Oliver Stone's biopic Alexander (2004) and Terrence Malick's The New World (2005). Roles in Michael Mann's Miami Vice (2006), the adaptation of John Fante's Ask the Dust (2006), and Woody Allen's Cassandra's Dream (2007) followed, underscoring Farrell's popularity among Hollywood writers and directors; however, it was his role in Martin McDonagh's In Bruges (2008) that earned him a Hollywood Foreign Press Association Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.\nFarrell starred in the black comedy film Horrible Bosses (2011), for which he received critical praise, along with the comedy-horror film Fright Night (2011) and the sci-fi action film Total Recall (2012), both remakes, and McDonagh's second feature, the black comedy crime film Seven Psychopaths (2012). He also starred in the Niels Arden Oplev action film Dead Man Down (2013), and as Travers Goff in the period drama Saving Mr. Banks (2013). In 2014, Farrell starred as Peter Lake in the supernatural fable Winter's Tale, an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Mark Helprin. In 2015, he starred as Detective Ray Velcoro in the second season of HBO's True Detective, and also starred in the film The Lobster, for which he was nominated for his second Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. In 2016, he played Percival Graves in the Harry Potter spin-off film Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.\n\n", "Q241335": "Liza Rebecca Weil (born June 5, 1977) is an American actress. \nWeil is best known for her starring role as Paris Geller in the WB/CW comedy-drama series Gilmore Girls (2000\u20132007) and its Netflix revival series Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life (2016). She is also known for her roles as White House aide Amanda Tanner in the ABC political drama series Scandal (2012) and as attorney Bonnie Winterbottom in the ABC legal drama series How to Get Away with Murder (2014\u2013present).", "Q207360": "The Swedish Academy (Swedish: Svenska Akademien), founded in 1786 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden. Its 18 members, who are elected for life, comprise the highest Swedish language authority. Outside Scandinavia, it is best known as the body that chooses the laureates for the annual Nobel Prize in Literature, awarded in memory of the donor Alfred Nobel.", "Q490521": "Strausberg is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, located 30 km east of Berlin. With a population of 25,594 it is the largest town in the district of M\u00e4rkisch-Oderland.", "Q963020": "Nick Raskulinecz () (born February 4, 1970) is an American record producer. He resides in Nashville, Tennessee.", "Q4746510": "Amir Abedini (Persian: \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200e) is an Iranian politician, football club chairman, former professional footballer and member of the City Council of Tehran.", "Q256649": "M\u00eda Maestro (born June 19, 1978) is an Argentine actress and singer-songwriter. She is known for her role as Nora Martinez in The Strain, Nadia Santos in the television drama Alias, as Christina Kahlo in Frida, and as Carmen in The Twilight Saga.", "Q314308": "John Vincent Atanasoff, , (October 4, 1903 \u2013 June 15, 1995) was an American physicist and inventor, best known for being credited with inventing the first electronic digital computer.Atanasoff invented the first electronic digital computer in the 1930s at Iowa State College. Challenges to his claim were resolved in 1973 when the Honeywell v. Sperry Rand lawsuit ruled that Atanasoff was the inventor of the computer. His special-purpose machine has come to be called the Atanasoff\u2013Berry Computer.", "Q77809": "Margarete Mitscherlich-Nielsen (n\u00e9e Nielsen; 17 July 1917 \u2013 12 June 2012) or the \"Grande Dame of German Psychoanalysis\" as she was often referred to as, was a German psychoanalyst who focused mainly on the themes of feminism, female sexuality, and the national psychology of post-war Germany.", "Q2035359": "St Antony's College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Founded in 1950 as the result of the gift of French merchant Sir Antonin Besse of Aden, St Antony's specialises in international relations, economics, politics, and area studies relative to Europe, Russia, former Soviet states, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, Japan, China, and South and South East Asia.The college is located in North Oxford, with Woodstock Road to the west, Bevington Road to the south and Winchester Road to the east. As of 2018, St Antony's had an estimated financial endowment of \u00a343.8m. Formerly a men's college, it has been coeducational since 1962.", "Q84981": "Andreas Gerhard Hyperius (1511\u20131564), real name Andreas Gheeraerdts, was a Protestant theologian and Protestant reformer. He was Flemish, born at Ypres, which is signified by the name 'Hyperius'.", "Q57501": "Christian Thomasius (1 January 1655 \u2013 23 September 1728) was a German jurist and philosopher.", "Q954854": "The Sokol movement (Czech: [\u02c8sokol], falcon) is an all-age gymnastics organization first founded in Prague in the Czech region of Austria-Hungary in 1862 by Miroslav Tyr\u0161 and Jind\u0159ich F\u00fcgner. It was based upon the principle of \"a strong mind in a sound body\". The Sokol, through lectures, discussions, and group outings provided what Tyr\u0161 viewed as physical, moral, and intellectual training for the nation. This training extended to men of all ages and classes, and eventually to women.\nThe movement also spread across all the regions populated by Slavic cultures, most of them part of either Austria-Hungary or the Russian Empire: present-day Slovakia, the Slovene Lands, Croatia, Serbia (SK Soko), Bulgaria, Poland (Sok\u00f3\u0142), Ukraine, Belarus. In many of these nations, the organization also served as an early precursor to the Scouting movements. Though officially an institution \"above politics\", the Sokol played an important part in the development of Czech nationalism and patriotism, which found expression in articles published in the Sokol journal, lectures held in the Sokol libraries, and theatrical performances at the gymnastic mass festivals called slets.\n\n", "Q934178": "Declan Hill is a journalist, academic and consultant. He is one of the world\u2019s foremost experts on match-fixing and corruption in international sports. In 2008, Hill, as a Chevening Scholar, obtained his doctorate in Sociology at the University of Oxford. Currently, he is a senior research fellow in anti-corruption in sports at the University of W\u00fcrzburg and a professor at the University of New Haven.His book \u2018The Fix: Organized Crime and Soccer\u2019 has appeared in twenty-one languages. Hill was the first person to show the new danger to international sport posed by the globalization of the gambling market and match-fixing at the highest levels of professional football (soccer) including the Champions League and FIFA World Cup tournaments. Part of the book details his involvement with an Asian match-fixing gang as they travelled around the world to fix major football matches. Hill has also published a number of academic articles, is a reviewer for Global Integrity and has probed the impact of the Russian mafia on professional ice hockey. In 2011, he pioneered the first on-line anti-match-fixing education course for Sport Accord that was eventually used by Interpol.\nIn 2013, his second book 'The Insider's Guide to Match-Fixing' was published and immediately translated to Japanese. It is a popular version of his doctoral thesis and was dubbed by its English-language publisher as 'Freakonomics meets Sports Corruption'", "Q912801": "Brian Morton (born 1955) is an American author of five works of fiction. He currently teaches at Sarah Lawrence College, New York University and The Bennington Writing Seminars. Morton's 1998 novel Starting Out in the Evening was adapted into the 2007 film of the same name. His 2006 novel Breakable You was adapted into the 2017 film of the same name.", "Q20951": "Jacques \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus (French: [\u0281\u0259kly]; 15 March 1830 \u2013 4 July 1905) was a renowned French geographer, writer and anarchist. He produced his 19-volume masterwork, La Nouvelle G\u00e9ographie universelle, la terre et les hommes (\"Universal Geography\"), over a period of nearly 20 years (1875\u20131894). In 1892 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Paris Geographical Society for this work, despite having been banished from France because of his political activism.", "Q725322": "August Rei VR III/1 (22 March [O.S. 10 March] 1886 \u2013 29 March 1963) was an Estonian Social Democratic politician.", "Q467817": "Valerio Massimo Manfredi (born 8 March 1942) is an Italian historian, writer, essayist, archaeologist and journalist.", "Q1036300": "Ng\u00f4 Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u (February 2, 1916 \u2013 December 18, 1985) more commonly known by the pen name Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u, was a prominent Vietnamese poet. A colossal figure in modern Vietnamese literature, he wrote about 450 poems (largely in posthumous manuscripts) especially love poems, several short stories, and many notes, essays, and literary criticisms.", "Q72971": "Heinrich Brandler (3 July 1881 \u2013 26 September 1967) was a German communist trade unionist, politician, revolutionary activist, and writer. Brandler is best remembered as the head of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) during the party's ill-fated \"March Action\" of 1921 and aborted uprising of 1923, for which he was held responsible by the Communist International. Expelled from the Communist Party in December 1928, Brandler went on to become co-founder of the Communist Party of Germany Opposition, the first national section of the so-called International Right Opposition.", "Q456412": "Lester Butler (November 12, 1959 \u2013 May 9, 1998) was an American blues harmonica player and singer. He achieved fame as the singer and harmonica player for the Los Angeles, California, based blues roots band, The Red Devils", "Q130212": "The city of Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8se\u02d0k\u025b\u0283f\u025bhe\u02d0rva\u02d0r] (listen)), known colloquially as Feh\u00e9rv\u00e1r (\"white castle\"), located in central Hungary, is the ninth largest city of the country; regional capital of Central Transdanubia; and the centre of Fej\u00e9r county and Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r District. The area is an important rail and road junction between Lake Balaton and Lake Velence.\nSz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, a royal residence (sz\u00e9khely), as capital of the Kingdom of Hungary, held a central role in the Middle Ages. As required by the Doctrine of the Holy Crown, the first kings of Hungary were crowned and buried here. Significant trade routes led to the Balkans and Italy, and to Buda and Vienna. Historically the city has come under Ottoman and Habsburg control, and was known in many languages by translations of \"white castle\": (Latin: Alba Regia, German: Stuhlwei\u00dfenburg, Ottoman Turkish: \u0130stolni Belgrad\u200e, Slovak: Stoli\u010dn\u00fd Belehrad)", "Q98370": "Karl Heinz Bohrer (born 26 September 1932 in Cologne) is a German literary scholar and essayist.", "Q1174641": "David Hamilton Koch (; May 3, 1940 \u2013 August 23, 2019) was an American businessman, philanthropist, political activist, and chemical engineer. In 1970, he joined the family business: Koch Industries, the second-largest privately held company in the United States. He became president of the subsidiary Koch Engineering in 1979, and became a co-owner of Koch Industries (along with elder brother Charles) in 1983. Koch served as an executive vice president of Koch Industries until he retired due to health issues in 2018.\nKoch was a libertarian. He was the 1980 Libertarian candidate for Vice President of the United States and helped finance the campaign. He founded Citizens for a Sound Economy and donated to advocacy groups and political campaigns, most of which were Republican. Koch became a Republican in 1984; in 2012, he spent over $100 million to oppose the re-election of President Barack Obama.\nKoch was the fourth-richest person in the United States in 2012 and was the wealthiest resident of New York City in 2013. As of June 2019, Koch was ranked as the 11th-richest person in the world (tied with his brother Charles), with a fortune of $50.5 billion. Known for his philanthropy, Koch contributed to the Lincoln Center, Sloan Kettering, NewYork\u2013Presbyterian Hospital, and the Dinosaur Wing at the American Museum of Natural History. The New York State Theater at Lincoln Center, home of the New York City Ballet, was renamed the David H. Koch Theater in 2008 following Koch's gift of $100 million for the renovation of the theater.", "Q215764": "Ulrich Becher (2 January 1910 \u2013 15 April 1990) was a German author and playwright.", "Q2423914": "Thomas Fletcher Waghorn (20 June 1800\u20137 January 1850) was an English sailor, navy officer, and postal pioneer who promoted and claimed the idea of a new route from Great Britain to India overland through Egypt prior to the development of the Suez Canal. Waghorn claimed to have demonstrated the route for the first time in 1829-30 and that it reduced the journey from over 11,000 miles (18,000 km) to 6,000 miles (9,700 km) and while steamships around the Cape of Good Hope took about three months, his route took between 35 and 45 days. A 2004 biography states that there is little substance to many of the claims that he made and that he was mostly a fraudulent self-publicist. This contradicts an earlier historical study. A statue of him stands in Chatham, Kent while another, now destroyed, was installed at Suez by Ferdinand de Lesseps in 1869.", "Q494747": "Guben (Polish and Sorbian: Gubin) is a town on the Lusatian Neisse river in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. Located in the Spree-Nei\u00dfe district, Guben has a population of 20,049. Along with Frankfurt (Oder) and G\u00f6rlitz, Guben is a divided city on the border between Germany and Poland, having been separated into Guben and Gubin in 1945 by the Oder\u2013Neisse line.", "Q177159": "Charles August Kading (January 14, 1874 \u2013 June 19, 1956) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin who represented Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district from 1927\u20131933.Born in Lowell, Wisconsin, Kading was the son of Charles and Elizabeth Baggans Kading. He attended the country schools, Lowell Grade School, Horicon High School in Horicon, and the University of Wisconsin in Madison. He graduated from the law department of Valparaiso University in Valparaiso, Indiana, in 1900. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Watertown, Wisconsin. He was also interested in agricultural pursuits.Kading served as city attorney of Watertown from 1905\u20131912, as district attorney for Dodge County from 1906\u20131912, and as mayor of Watertown from 1914\u20131916.Kading was elected as a Republican to the Seventieth, Seventy-first, and Seventy-second Congresses, serving from March 4, 1927 \u2013 March 3, 1933. After being an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1932, he resumed the practice of law. He died in Watertown on June 19, 1956, and was interred in Oak Hill Cemetery there. His son, Charles E. Kading (1907\u20131992), also an attorney, served for many years as a judge in Jefferson County.", "Q151820": "Louis-Ferdinand C\u00e9line ( say-LEEN, French: [selin] (listen)) was the pen name of Louis Ferdinand Auguste Destouches (pronounced [detu\u0283]; 27 May 1894 \u2013 1 July 1961), a French novelist, pamphleteer and physician. He developed a new style of writing that modernized French literature. His most famous work is the 1932 novel Journey to the End of the Night.\nC\u00e9line used a working-class, spoken style of language in his writings, and attacked what he considered to be the overly polished, \"bourgeois\" language of the \"academy\". His works influenced a broad array of literary figures, not only in France but also in the English-speaking world and elsewhere in the Western World; this includes authors associated with modernism, existentialism, black comedy and the Beat Generation.\nC\u00e9line's vocal support for fascism during the Second World War and his authorship of anti-semitic and pro-fascist pamphlets have made him a controversial figure, which has complicated his legacy as cultural icon.", "Q888095": "Bob Margolin (born May 9, 1949) is an American electric blues guitarist. His nickname is \"Steady Rollin'\".", "Q554577": "Edward Montague Hussey Cooper (August 12, 1906 \u2013 May 5, 2000) was an actor descended from an English family but born in Australia. Known by his professional name of Edward Ashley (to avoid confusion with a fellow actor Edward Cooper), Cooper performed in 60 films for Metro Goldwyn Mayer including Pride and Prejudice (1940) where he played George Wickham.", "Q1353252": "Michel Portal (born 27 November 1935) is a French composer, saxophonist, and clarinetist. He plays both jazz and classical music and is considered to be \"one of the architects of modern European jazz\".", "Q45105": "Oswald von Wolkenstein (1376 or 1377 in Pfalzen \u2013 August 2, 1445, in Meran) was a poet, composer and diplomat. In his diplomatic capacity, he traveled through much of Europe to as far as Georgia (as recounted in \"Durch Barbarei, Arabia\").\nHe was dubbed a Knight of the Holy Sepulchre and was also inducted into the Order of the Jar and the Order of the Dragon. He lived for a time in Seis am Schlern.", "Q156829": "Air Berlin PLC & Co. Luftverkehrs KG (FWB: AB1), branded as airberlin or airberlin.com was a major German airline. At its peak, it was Germany's second-largest airline, as well as Europe's tenth-largest airline in terms of passengers carried. It was headquartered in Berlin and had hubs at Berlin Tegel Airport and D\u00fcsseldorf Airport. It was a member of the oneworld airline alliance.\nThe airline was founded in 1978 by Lelco, an American company. Following German reunification, Air Berlin was sold and became a German company in 1991. It joined the Oneworld alliance in 2012. After years of losses, Air Berlin filed for insolvency on 15 August 2017 and ceased operations on 27 October 2017.\n\n", "Q3259674": "Lorrin Andrews Thurston (July 31, 1858 \u2013 May 11, 1931) was an American lawyer, politician, and businessman born and raised in the Kingdom of Hawai\u02bbi. The grandson of two of the first Christian missionaries to Hawaii, Thurston played a prominent role in the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom that replaced Queen Lili\u02bbuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, dominated by American interests. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916 he and friends lobbied with national politicians to create a National Park to preserve the Hawaiian Volcanoes.", "Q281111": "The ghazal (Arabic: \u063a\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0644\u200e, Bengali: \u0997\u099c\u09b2, Sylheti: \ua80a\ua80f\ua81f, Punjabi: \u0a17\u0a3c\u0a1c\u0a3c\u0a32, Urdu: \u063a\u0632\u064e\u0644, Nepali: \u0917\u091c\u0932, Hindi: \u0917\u093c\u091c\u093c\u0932, Persian: \u063a\u0632\u0644\u200e, Azerbaijani: q\u0259z\u0259l, Turkish: gazel, Uzbek: g\u02bbazal, Pashto: \u063a\u0632\u0644\u200e, Gujarati: \u0a97\u0a9d\u0ab2,) is a form of amatory poem or ode, originating in Arabic poetry. A ghazal may be understood as a poetic expression of both the pain of loss or separation and the beauty of love in spite of that pain.The ghazal form is ancient, tracing its origins to 7th-century Arabic poetry. The ghazal spread into South Asia in the 12th century due to the influence of Sufi mystics and the courts of the new Islamic Sultanate, and is now most prominently a form of poetry of many languages of the Indian subcontinent and Turkey.A ghazal commonly consists of between five and fifteen couplets, which are independent, but are linked \u2013 abstractly, in their theme; and more strictly in their poetic form. The structural requirements of the ghazal are similar in stringency to those of the Petrarchan sonnet. In style and content, due to its highly allusive nature, the ghazal has proved capable of an extraordinary variety of expression around its central themes of love and separation.", "Q9228": "The Burmese language (Burmese: \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c, MLCTS: mranmabhasa, IPA: [mj\u0259m\u00e0 b\u00e0\u00f0\u00e0]) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Myanmar where it is an official language and the language of the Bamar people, the country's principal ethnic group. Although the Constitution of Myanmar officially recognizes the English name of the language as the Myanmar language, most English speakers continue to refer to the language as Burmese, after Burma, the older name for Myanmar. In 2007, it was spoken as a first language by 33 million, primarily the Bamar (Burman) people and related ethnic groups, and as a second language by 10 million, particularly ethnic minorities in Myanmar and neighboring countries.\nBurmese is a tonal, pitch-register, and syllable-timed language, largely monosyllabic and analytic, with a subject\u2013object\u2013verb word order. It is a member of the Lolo-Burmese grouping of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The Burmese alphabet is ultimately descended from a Brahmic script, either Kadamba or Pallava.", "Q3163222": "Jason Cooke (August 10, 1821 \u2013 February 16, 1905) was an American financier who helped finance the Union war effort during the American Civil War and the postwar development of railroads in the northwestern United States. He is generally acknowledged as the first major investment banker in the United States and creator of the first wire house firm.\n\n", "Q394508": "Agnes Elizabeth Ernst Meyer (n\u00e9e Ernst; January 2, 1887 \u2013 September 1, 1970) was an American journalist, philanthropist, civil rights activist, and art patron. Throughout her life, Meyer was engaged with intellectuals, artists, and writers from around the world. Meyer's marriage to the financier Eugene Meyer, son of Marc Eugene Meyer, provided her with wealth and status that enabled her to influence national policy, such as social welfare programs. Meyer lobbied for the creation of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and for the U.S. government to provide federal aid to states for education. President Lyndon Johnson credited Meyer for building public support for the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, which for the first time directed federal assistance towards school districts that served children from low-income families. She advocated for equal employment and educational opportunities, regardless of race. Meyer's investigative journalism showed the inequities of racial segregation in schools in the Washington metropolitan area.The purchase of The Washington Post in 1933 gave Meyer and her family the capacity to affect American opinion for several generations. Daughter Katharine Graham led the newspaper during the coverage of Watergate Investigation that eventually led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon and earned the paper a Pulitzer Prize. During Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-Communist campaign in the 1950s, Meyer delivered speeches that characterized the campaign as a threat to academic freedom.Meyer was an active patron and supporter of the arts, who with her husband contributed paintings by Paul C\u00e9zanne and Edouard Manet, sculptures by Constantin Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i, and watercolors by John Marin to the National Gallery of Art in Washington.\n\n", "Q7205": "Paleontology, also spelled palaeontology or pal\u00e6ontology (), is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene Epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present). It includes the study of fossils to classify organisms and study interactions with each other and their environments (their paleoecology). Paleontological observations have been documented as far back as the 5th century BCE. The science became established in the 18th century as a result of Georges Cuvier's work on comparative anatomy, and developed rapidly in the 19th century. The term itself originates from Greek \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2, palaios, \"old, ancient\", \u1f44\u03bd, on (gen. ontos), \"being, creature\" and \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, logos, \"speech, thought, study\".Paleontology lies on the border between biology and geology, but differs from archaeology in that it excludes the study of anatomically modern humans. It now uses techniques drawn from a wide range of sciences, including biochemistry, mathematics, and engineering. Use of all these techniques has enabled paleontologists to discover much of the evolutionary history of life, almost all the way back to when Earth became capable of supporting life, about 3.8 billion years ago. As knowledge has increased, paleontology has developed specialised sub-divisions, some of which focus on different types of fossil organisms while others study ecology and environmental history, such as ancient climates.\nBody fossils and trace fossils are the principal types of evidence about ancient life, and geochemical evidence has helped to decipher the evolution of life before there were organisms large enough to leave body fossils. Estimating the dates of these remains is essential but difficult: sometimes adjacent rock layers allow radiometric dating, which provides absolute dates that are accurate to within 0.5%, but more often paleontologists have to rely on relative dating by solving the \"jigsaw puzzles\" of biostratigraphy (arrangement of rock layers from youngest to oldest). Classifying ancient organisms is also difficult, as many do not fit well into the Linnaean taxonomy classifying living organisms, and paleontologists more often use cladistics to draw up evolutionary \"family trees\". The final quarter of the 20th century saw the development of molecular phylogenetics, which investigates how closely organisms are related by measuring the similarity of the DNA in their genomes. Molecular phylogenetics has also been used to estimate the dates when species diverged, but there is controversy about the reliability of the molecular clock on which such estimates depend.", "Q80259": "Sir John Talbot, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury, 3rd Earl of Waterford, 9th Baron Talbot, KG (12 December 1448 \u2013 28 June 1473) was an English nobleman. He also held the subsidiary titles of 12th Baron Strange of Blackmere and 8th Baron Furnivall. Although a soldier and an administrator, he was described by William of Worcester as 'more devoted to literature and the muses, than to politics and arms'.", "Q53001": "Jean-Luc Godard (UK: GOD-ar, US: goh-DAR, French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 lyk \u0261\u0254da\u0281]; born 3 December 1930) is a French-Swiss film director, screenwriter and film critic. He rose to prominence as a pioneer of the 1960s French New Wave film movement.During his early career as a film critic, Godard criticized mainstream French cinema's \"Tradition of Quality\", which emphasized established convention over innovation and experimentation. In response, he and like-minded critics began to make their own films. Many of Godard's films challenge the conventions of traditional Hollywood in addition to French cinema. In 1964, Godard described his and his colleagues' impact: \"We barged into the cinema like cavemen into the Versailles of Louis XV.\" He is often considered the most radical French filmmaker of the 1960s and 1970s; his approach in film conventions, politics and philosophies made him arguably the most influential director of the French New Wave. Along with showing knowledge of film history through homages and references, several of his films expressed his political views; he was an avid reader of existential and Marxist philosophy. Since the New Wave, his politics have been much less radical and his recent films are about representation and human conflict from a humanist, and a Marxist perspective.In a 2002 Sight & Sound poll, Godard ranked third in the critics' top ten directors of all time (which was put together by assembling the directors of the individual films for which the critics voted). He is said to have \"created one of the largest bodies of critical analysis of any filmmaker since the mid-twentieth century.\" He and his work have been central to narrative theory and have \"challenged both commercial narrative cinema norms and film criticism's vocabulary.\" In 2010, Godard was awarded an Academy Honorary Award, but did not attend the award ceremony. Godard's films have inspired many directors including Martin Scorsese, Quentin Tarantino, Brian De Palma, Steven Soderbergh, D. A. Pennebaker, Robert Altman, Jim Jarmusch, Wong Kar-wai, Wim Wenders, Bernardo Bertolucci, and Pier Paolo Pasolini.Through his father, he is the cousin of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, former President of Peru. He has been married twice, to actresses Anna Karina and Anne Wiazemsky, both of whom starred in several of his films. His collaborations with Karina\u2014which included such critically acclaimed films as Vivre sa vie (1962), Bande \u00e0 part (1964) and Pierrot le Fou (1965)\u2014were called \"arguably the most influential body of work in the history of cinema\" by Filmmaker magazine.", "Q254738": "Helen Gurley Brown (February 18, 1922 \u2013 August 13, 2012; born Helen Marie Gurley) was an American author, publisher, and businesswoman. She was the editor-in-chief of Cosmopolitan magazine for 32 years.", "Q469184": "Linda Scott (born Linda Joy Sampson; June 1, 1945) is an American pop singer and actress who was active from the late 1950s to the early 1970s. Her biggest hit was the 1961 million-selling single, \"I've Told Every Little Star\". She went on to place twelve songs on the charts over the next four years, the last being \"Who\u2019s Been Sleeping In My Bed,\" inspired by the film and written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach. In 1962, she portrayed a fictionalized version of herself in the musical film Don't Knock the Twist.", "Q205211": "The Big Tease is a 1999 American comedy film starring Craig Ferguson, directed by Kevin Allen, and written by Ferguson and Sacha Gervasi.", "Q68097": "Davos (UK: , US: ; German: [da\u02c8fo\u02d0s] or [da\u02c8vo\u02d0s] (listen); Romansh: Tavau; archaic Italian: Tavate) is an Alpine town, and a municipality in the Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden, Switzerland. It has a permanent population of 10,899 (2018). Davos is located on the river Landwasser, in the Rhaetian Alps, between the Plessur and Albula Range at 1,560 m (5,120 ft) above sea level.\nThe former Alpine resort village consists of two parts: Davos Dorf (literally: \"Davos village\") to the northeast towards Klosters and further down through the Pr\u00e4ttigau to Landquart, and Davos Platz (literally: \"place\") to the southwest, which opens into the valley of the river Landwasser and eventually leads to Filisur.\nDuring summer season the Fl\u00fcela Pass leads south-east into the Lower Engadine.\nDavos plays host to the World Economic Forum (WEF), an annual meeting of global political and business elites (often referred to simply as \"Davos\"), and has one of Switzerland's biggest ski resorts. At the end of every year it serves as the site of the annual Spengler Cup ice-hockey tournament, hosted by the HC Davos local hockey team.", "Q134712": "\u0160iauliai ([\u0255\u025b\u028a\u032f\u02c8l\u02b2\u025b\u026a\u032f\u02d1] (listen); Samogitian: \u0160iaul\u0113) is the fourth largest city in Lithuania, with a population of 107,086. From 1994 to 2010 it was the capital of \u0160iauliai County.", "Q92885": "Bram Moolenaar (born 1961, in Lisse) is a Dutch computer programmer and an active member of the open-source software community. He is the original author, maintainer, release manager, and benevolent dictator for life of Vim, a vi-derivative text editor that is very popular among programmers and power users. Since July 2006, Moolenaar has been employed by Google, working in the Z\u00fcrich office. He is able to spend part of his time maintaining Vim.", "Q57267": "Erich Julius Eberhard von dem Bach-Zelewski (1 March 1899 \u2013 8 March 1972) was a high-ranking SS commander of Nazi Germany. During World War II, he was in charge of the Nazi security warfare against those designated by the regime as ideological enemies and any other persons deemed to present danger to the Nazi rule or Wehrmacht's rear security in the occupied territories of Eastern Europe. It mostly involved atrocities against the civilian population. In 1944 he led the brutal suppression of the Warsaw Uprising.\nDespite his responsibility for numerous war crimes and crimes against humanity, Bach-Zelewski did not stand trial in the Nuremberg trials, and instead appeared as a witness for the prosecution. He was later convicted for politically motivated murders committed before the war and died in prison in 1972.", "Q78284": "Johann Christoph Biernatzki (1795\u20131840) was a German author.", "Q520590": "Boris Ivanovich Nicolaevsky (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439) (1887\u20131966) was a revolutionary Russian Marxist activist, archivist, and historian. Nicolaevsky is best remembered as one of the leading Menshevik public intellectuals of the 20th Century.", "Q162554": "Diane Venora (born August 10, 1952) is an American stage, television and film actress.\nVenora graduated from the Juilliard School in 1977 and made her film debut in 1981 opposite Albert Finney in Wolfen. She won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the 1988 film Bird directed by Clint Eastwood. Her other films include The Cotton Club (1984), Heat (1995), Romeo + Juliet (1996), The Jackal (1997), The Insider (1999) and Hamlet (2000).", "Q923362": "Jacmel, (Haitian Creole: Jakm\u00e8l; Spanish: Y\u00e1quimo) is a commune in southern Haiti founded by the Spanish in 1504 and repopulated by the French in 1698. It is the capital of the department of Sud-Est and has an estimated population of 40,000, while the commune of Jacmel had a population of 137,966 at the 2003 Census. The town's name is derived from its indigenous Ta\u00edno name of Yaquimel. In 1925, Jacmel was dubbed as the \"City of Light,\" becoming the first in the Caribbean to have electricity.The city has well-preserved historical French colonial architecture that dates back from the early nineteenth century and has little changed. The town has been tentatively accepted as a World Heritage site and UNESCO reports that it has sustained damage in the 2010 Haiti earthquake.", "Q767677": "Charles Alexander Stevenson MICE MIEE FRSE (1855, Edinburgh \u2013 1950) was a Scottish lighthouse engineer who built twenty-three lighthouses in and around Scotland.\n\n", "Q70800": "Johannes Reinke (February 3, 1849 \u2013 February 25, 1931) was a German botanist and philosopher who was a native of Ziethen, Lauenburg. He is remembered for his research of benthic marine algae.", "Q675501": "Nyon District is a district in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. The seat of the district is the city of Nyon.", "Q69389": "Aegerten is a municipality in the Biel/Bienne administrative district of the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q506231": "Michael Frayn, FRSL (; born 8 September 1933) is an English playwright and novelist. He is best known as the author of the farce Noises Off and the dramas Copenhagen and Democracy. His novels, such as Towards the End of the Morning, Headlong and Spies, have also been critical and commercial successes, making him one of the handful of writers in the English language to succeed in both drama and prose fiction. He has also written philosophical works, such as The Human Touch: Our Part in the Creation of the Universe (2006).", "Q686489": "Garland Mosley, Jr., commonly known by his stage name Sebastian, is an American rapper and songwriter. He is the younger brother of fellow rapper Timbaland.", "Q85321": "Hans Lufft (1495\u20131584) was a German printer and publisher, commonly called \"the Bible Printer,\" because in 1534 he printed at Wittenberg the first complete edition of Luther's Bible, in two quarto volumes with illuminations in gold and colors by Lucas Cranach. Lufft printed in the 40 years following more than 100,000 copies of the German Bible. He also printed most of the other works of Luther.", "Q509102": "Evelyn Shulman Lear (January 8, 1926 \u2013 July 1, 2012) was an American operatic soprano. Between 1959 and 1992, she appeared in more than forty operatic roles, appeared with every major opera company in the United States and won a Grammy Award in 1966. She was well known for her musical versatility, having sung all three main female roles in Der Rosenkavalier. Lear was also known for her work on 20th century pieces by Robert Ward, Alban Berg, Marvin David Levy, Rudolf Kelterborn and Giselher Klebe. She was married to the American bass-baritone Thomas Stewart until his death in 2006.", "Q167404": "Renato Soru (born 6 August 1957) is an Italian politician and entrepreneur, the founder of the internet service company Tiscali, based in Cagliari. Forbes listed him as one of the world's richest people, with a net worth of over $4 billion (US) as of September 2001.", "Q14362": "Chun Doo-hwan (Korean: \uc804\ub450\ud658; Hanja: \u5168\u6597\u7165; Korean pronunciation: [t\u0255\u028cn.du.\u0266wan] or [t\u0255\u028cn] [tu.\u0266wan]; born 18 January 1931) is a former South Korean army general who served as the President of South Korea from 1980 to 1988. From December 1979 to September 1980, he was the country's de facto leader, ruling as an unelected military strongman with civilian president Choi Kyu-hah largely as a figurehead. Chun was sentenced to death in 1996 for his role in the Gwangju Massacre but was later pardoned by President Kim Young-sam, with the advice of then President-elect Kim Dae-jung, whom Chun's administration had sentenced to death some 20 years earlier.", "Q3084485": "Jsu Garcia (/CHAY-SOO gar-CEE-a/), also credited as Nick Corri (born October 6, 1963), is an American film and television actor and producer. Together with author John-Roger, he runs the production company Scott J-R Productions.", "Q9200": "Paul the Apostle (Latin: Paulus; Greek: \u03a0\u03b1\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, romanized: Paulos; Coptic: \u2ca1\u2c81\u2ca9\u2c97\u2c9f\u2ca5; c. 5 \u2013 c. 64 or 67), commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Hebrew name Saul of Tarsus (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05ea\u05e8\u05e1\u05d9\u200e, romanized: Sha'\u016bl ha-Tars\u012b; Greek: \u03a3\u03b1\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2, romanized: Sa\u0169los Tarse\u00fas),[Acts 9:11] was an apostle (although not one of the Twelve Apostles) who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world. Paul is generally considered one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age and from the mid-30s to the mid-50s AD he founded several Christian communities in Asia Minor and Europe. He took advantage of his status as both a Jew and a Roman citizen to minister to both Jewish and Roman audiences.According to the New Testament book Acts of the Apostles (often simply called Acts), Paul persecuted some of the early disciples of Jesus, possibly Hellenised diaspora Jews converted to Christianity, in the area of Jerusalem prior to his conversion. In the narrative of Acts, Paul was traveling on the road from Jerusalem to Damascus on a mission to \"arrest them and bring them back to Jerusalem\" when the resurrected Jesus appeared to him in a great light. He was struck blind, but after three days his sight was restored by Ananias of Damascus and Paul began to preach that Jesus of Nazareth is the Jewish Messiah and the Son of God.[Acts 9:20\u201321] Approximately half of the book of Acts deals with Paul's life and works.\nThirteen of the twenty-seven books in the New Testament have traditionally been attributed to Paul. Seven of the Pauline epistles are undisputed by scholars as being authentic, with varying degrees of argument about the remainder. Pauline authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews is not asserted in the Epistle itself and was already doubted in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. It was almost unquestioningly accepted from the 5th to the 16th centuries that Paul was the author of Hebrews, but that view is now almost universally rejected by scholars. The other six are believed by some scholars to have come from followers writing in his name, using material from Paul's surviving letters and letters written by him that no longer survive. Other scholars argue that the idea of a pseudonymous author for the disputed epistles raises many problems.Today, Paul's epistles continue to be vital roots of the theology, worship and pastoral life in the Latin and Protestant traditions of the West, as well as the Eastern Catholic and Orthodox traditions of the East. Paul's influence on Christian thought and practice has been characterized as being as \"profound as it is pervasive\", among that of many other apostles and missionaries involved in the spread of the Christian faith. Martin Luther's interpretation of Paul's writings influenced Luther's doctrine of sola fide.\n\n", "Q2635894": "Radio drama (or audio drama, audio play, radio play, radio theatre, or audio theatre) is a dramatised, purely acoustic performance. With no visual component, radio drama depends on dialogue, music and sound effects to help the listener imagine the characters and story: \"It is auditory in the physical dimension but equally powerful as a visual force in the psychological dimension.\" Radio drama includes plays specifically written for radio, docudrama, dramatized works of fiction, as well as plays originally written for the theatre, including musical theatre and opera.\nRadio drama achieved widespread popularity within a decade of its initial development in the 1920s. By the 1940s, it was a leading international popular entertainment. With the advent of television in the 1950s, however, radio drama began losing its audience, however, in most countries it remains popular.\nRecordings of OTR (old-time radio) survive today in the audio archives of collectors, libraries and museums, as well as several online sites such as Internet Archive.\nBy the 21st century, radio drama had a minimal presence on terrestrial radio in the United States, with much American radio drama being restricted to rebroadcasts of programmes from previous decades. However, other nations still have thriving traditions of radio drama. In the United Kingdom, for example, the BBC produces and broadcasts hundreds of new radio plays each year on Radio 3, Radio 4, and Radio 4 Extra. Like the US, Australia ABC has abandoned broadcasting drama but in New Zealand RNZ continues to promote and broadcast a variety of drama over its airwaves.\nThanks to advances in digital recording and Internet distribution, radio drama experienced a revival around 2010. Podcasting offered the means of inexpensively creating new radio dramas, in addition to the distribution of vintage programs.\nThe terms \"audio drama\" or \"audio theatre\" are sometimes used synonymously with \"radio drama\"; however, audio drama or audio theatre may not necessarily be intended specifically for broadcast on radio. Audio drama can also be found on CDs, cassette tapes, podcasts, webcasts as well as broadcast radio.", "Q233953": "Sofi Oksanen (born January 7, 1977) is a Finnish writer and playwright. Oksanen has published five novels, of which Purge has gained the widest recognition. She has received several international and domestic awards for her literary work. Her work has been translated into more than 40 languages and sold more than two million copies.\nShe was born in Finland, to a Finnish father and Estonian mother.", "Q12713": "The canton of Thurgau (German: Thurgau , French: Thurgovie, Italian: Turgovia, anglicized as Thurgovia) is a northeast canton of Switzerland.\nIt is named for the river Thur, and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area, including part of this river's basin upstream of the modern canton. The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century. Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798.\nThe population, as of December 2018, is 276,472. In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 (or 19.9% of the population) who were resident foreigners. The capital is Frauenfeld.", "Q1884": "D\u00fcren is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, between Aachen and Cologne on the river Rur.", "Q545334": "The Ath\u00e9n\u00e9e de Luxembourg (English: Luxembourg Athenaeum), is a high school situated in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. Throughout the school's history of more than 400 years, the name was changed repeatedly. It's nowadays commonly called Stater Koll\u00e9isch or De Koll\u00e9isch, and is the nation's oldest school still in existence.", "Q439943": "Eva-Marie Liffner (born 1957 in Gothenburg) is a Swedish author. Her work has been awarded the Gothenburg Book Fair Award for best first-time novelist, Swedish Academy of Crime Writers' First Book Award, The Poloni Prize, and The Flint Axe.", "Q1304444": "Robert Rogers, (March 2, 1864 \u2013 July 21, 1936) was a Canadian merchant and politician. He served as a cabinet minister at the federal and provincial levels.\nRogers was born in Lakefield, Canada East (now Quebec), the son of Lieutenant-Colonel George Rogers. He was educated in Lachute, Berthier and Montreal, and later moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba to become director of the Monarch Life Assurance Company. In religion, he was a member of the Church of England.\nHe contested Lisgar in the 1896 federal election as a candidate of the federal Conservative Party, and lost to Liberal Robert Lorne Richardson by fifty-four votes.\nRogers was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 1899 provincial election as a Conservative candidate, defeating Liberal candidate J.L. Brown by twenty-eight votes in Manitou. The Conservatives won this election, and Rogers sat in the legislature as a backbench supporter of Hugh John Macdonald's administration. When Rodmond Roblin succeeded Macdonald as premier on October 29, 1900, he appointed Rogers as a minister without portfolio.\nOn December 20, 1900, Rogers was promoted to the powerful position of Minister of Public Works. He remained in this position for eleven years, and was often regarded as the second most powerful figure in Roblin's cabinet, helping the premier construct an effective patronage network. He was re-elected without difficulty in the campaigns of 1903, 1907 and 1910.\nRogers turned to federal politics in 1911. The federal Conservative Party under Robert Borden defeated Wilfrid Laurier's governing Liberals in the 1911 federal election, due in part to assistance from Roblin's electoral machine in Manitoba. Although Rogers was not a candidate in the election, he was appointed as Canada's Minister of the Interior and Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs on October 10, 1911. Seventeen days later, he was acclaimed to the House of Commons in a by-election for Winnipeg.\nRogers was given additional responsibilities as Minister of Mines on March 30, 1912. On October 29, 1912, he left his other portfolios to become Canada's Minister of Public Works, a position which he held for five years. He did not seek re-election in 1917.\nHe attempted to return to the House of Commons for Lisgar in the 1921 election, but lost to Progressive candidate John Livingstone Brown by 1,164 votes.\nRogers was returned to parliament in the 1925 election, defeating former Liberal premier Tobias Norris by 1,617 votes in Winnipeg South. In the following year's election, he lost his seat to Liberal John Stewart McDiarmid by 1,171 votes. He was a candidate at the Conservative Party leadership convention in 1927, and finished fifth out of six candidates.\nRogers won election to the House of Commons for a third time in the 1930 election, defeating McDiarmid by 343 votes. He was not included in the cabinet of Conservative prime minister Richard Bennett, and retired from politics in 1935.", "Q492478": "Terre Haute ( TERR-\u0259 HOHT) is a city in and the county seat of Vigo County, Indiana, United States, near the state's western border with Illinois. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 60,785 and its metropolitan area had a population of 170,943.\nLocated along the Wabash River, Terre Haute is the capital of the Wabash Valley. The city is home to several higher education institutions, including Indiana State University, Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology and Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana.", "Q232495": "Nicole Camille Richie (n\u00e9e Escovedo; born September 21, 1981) is an American television personality, fashion designer, author, socialite and actress. Richie rose to prominence for her role in the Fox reality television series The Simple Life, alongside her childhood best friend and fellow socialite Paris Hilton, which lasted five seasons. The Simple Life was a hit for the Fox network, premiering with 13 million viewers. Richie's personal life attracted significant media attention during The Simple Life's five-year run, and she was a constant fixture of tabloid journalism before and after her appearance.\nRichie appeared as one of the three mentors on NBC's Fashion Star. In July 2014, Richie's reality series Candidly Nicole premiered on VH1 and ran for two seasons. From 2017 to 2018, Richie appeared in her first series regular role as Portia Scott-Grifith in the NBC sitcom Great News.", "Q90062": "Dorothea Macheiner (b. 21 March 1943 as Dorothea Hummelbrunner in Linz) is an Austrian writer.", "Q1314657": "Waldfriedhof Zehlendorf (Zehlendorf forest cemetery) is a cemetery located in Berlin's Nikolassee district. The cemetery occupies an area of 376,975 m\u00b2. An additional Italian war cemetery was created there in 1953. A number of notable people of Berlin are buried at the cemetery; some have a grave of honor (German: Ehrengrab). In particular, all of Berlin's deceased post-war mayors are buried here.", "Q64685": "Jo\u00e3o Cardona Gomes Cravinho (born 1936) is a Portuguese politician. He served, among other positions, as member of the Portuguese Parliament (1979\u20131983, 1985\u20131989 and 1999\u20132002), member of the European Parliament (1989\u20131994), and as the Portuguese Territory Administration Minister between 1995 and 1999. He is a member of the PS political party. Cravinho has a degree in engineering.\nIn 2004, after the eruption of several corruption scandals involving people and institutions ranging from mayors like F\u00e1tima Felgueiras to football clubs (Apito Dourado), former Minister Jo\u00e3o Cravinho noted:\n\nThe political system has shown little efficiency in fighting corruption, tax evasion, and fraud. The successive governments did not engage themselves in that fight. Why? Because they want to win the elections\u2026 This is a fatal error that we should urgently terminate.\n\nIn 2006, as a socialist deputy Jo\u00e3o Cravinho was preparing a new set of proposals in order to improve the legal framework of corruption crimes, which included the investigation of someone, when that person's assets doesn't match with his/her declaration of income. The proposal was rejected by the Portuguese Parliament. Shortly after, Cravinho resigned from the parliament and went to England where he had been appointed administrator of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development by the Portuguese Government headed by socialist Jos\u00e9 S\u00f3crates.", "Q670451": "Brothomstates is one of the stage names of Lassi Nikko, a Finnish composer and musician. He also used to produce music in the demoscene under the moniker of Dune in the demogroup Orange. His works are mostly downtempo or ambient, but he is also known for his complex and abstract melodies and unique sounding drum programming. His 1998 debut album kobn-tich-ey was amongst the first mp3-only LPs released.", "Q465796": "Alexander Irakliyevich Metreveli (Georgian: \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, translit.: aleksandre met'reveli, pronounced [\u0251l\u025bk\u02b0s\u0251ndr\u025b m\u025bt\u02bcr\u025bv\u025bli]; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438; born 2 November 1944) is a retired Soviet tennis player of Georgian background. He is an honorary citizen of Australia.", "Q240765": "Venus Beauty Institute (French: V\u00e9nus beaut\u00e9 (institut)), also known as Venus Beauty, is a 1999 French romantic comedy. The story centers on three employees of a beauty parlor and their search for love and happiness. The film is directed by Tonie Marshall. It stars Nathalie Baye, Bulle Ogier, Samuel Le Bihan, Jacques Bonnaff\u00e9, Mathilde Seigner, Audrey Tautou, Robert Hossein, Claire Denis, Micheline Presle, Emmanuelle Riva and Elli Medeiros.\nIt won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Film, Best Director, Best Writing and Most Promising Actress.", "Q381893": "Aetbaar (English: Trust) is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language action psychological thriller film directed by Vikram Bhatt and stars Amitabh Bachchan, John Abraham, Bipasha Basu and Supriya Pilgaonkar. Business tycoon Ratan Tata entered Bollywood by producing Aetbaar.Aetbaar is inspired by the Hollywood film Fear. Vikram Bhatt had earlier directed another movie based on the Hollywood film Fear, called Inteha, which had released just 3 months earlier.", "Q4724": "Charles-\u00c9douard Jeanneret (6 October 1887 \u2013 27 August 1965), known as Le Corbusier (UK: l\u0259 kor-BEW-zee-ay, US: l\u0259 KOR-boo-ZYAY, -\u2060SYAY, French: [l\u0259 k\u0254\u0281byzje]), was a Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner, writer, and one of the pioneers of what is now called modern architecture. He was born in Switzerland and became a French citizen in 1930. His career spanned five decades, and he designed buildings in Europe, Japan, India, and North and South America.\nDedicated to providing better living conditions for the residents of crowded cities, Le Corbusier was influential in urban planning, and was a founding member of the Congr\u00e8s International d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM). Le Corbusier prepared the master plan for the city of Chandigarh in India, and contributed specific designs for several buildings there, specially the government buildings.\nOn 17 July 2016, seventeen projects by Le Corbusier in seven countries were inscribed in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement.", "Q94204": "Tr\u1ea7n Quy\u1ebft L\u1eadp, stage name Tr\u1ea7n L\u1eadp (12 December 1974 \u2013 17 March 2016), was a Vietnamese rock musician. He was best known as the lead singer of B\u1ee9c T\u01b0\u1eddng.", "Q770323": "Mariano Baptista Caserta (Calchani, July 16, 1832, Calchani \u2013 March 19, 1907, Cochabamba) was President of Bolivia during the 1892-96 period. A member of the Conservative Party, he was renowned for his stirring oratorical style.", "Q292623": "Farrah Destiny Franklin (born May 3, 1981) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She is a former member of Destiny's Child who, and along with Michelle Williams, replaced LaTavia Roberson and LeToya Luckett.", "Q163662": "George Simon Kaufman (16 November 1889 \u2013 2 June 1961) was an American playwright, theatre director and producer, humorist, and drama critic. In addition to comedies and political satire, he wrote several musicals for the Marx Brothers and others. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the musical Of Thee I Sing (with Morrie Ryskind and Ira Gershwin) in 1932, and won again in 1937 for the play You Can't Take It with You (with Moss Hart). He also won the Tony Award for Best Director in 1951 for the musical Guys and Dolls.", "Q981933": "Mikhail Vladimirovich Leontyev (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u0301\u043d\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432, born October 12, 1958 in Moscow) is a Russian pundit currently working on national TV Channel One. He is known for his program \"Odnako\" (Russian: \"\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\") (Translated \"However\" or \"Still\"), irregularly appearing on air with commentaries on certain political occasions since March 1999. He is also a laureate of the \"Golden pen of Russia\" award and the TEFI award.", "Q557730": "Sean Patrick Hannity (born December 30, 1961) is an American talk show host and conservative political commentator. Hannity is the host of The Sean Hannity Show, a nationally syndicated talk radio show. He also hosts a commentary program, Hannity, on Fox News.\nHannity worked as a general contractor and volunteered as a talk show host at UC Santa Barbara in 1989. He later joined WVNN in Athens, Alabama and shortly afterward, WGST in Atlanta. After leaving WGST, he worked at WABC in New York until 2013. Since 2014, Hannity has worked at WOR.In 1996, Hannity and Alan Colmes co-hosted Hannity & Colmes on Fox. After Colmes announced his departure in January 2008, Hannity merged the Hannity & Colmes show into Hannity.Hannity has received several awards and honors, including an honorary degree from Liberty University. He has written three books: Let Freedom Ring: Winning the War of Liberty over Liberalism; Deliver Us from Evil: Defeating Terrorism, Despotism, and Liberalism; and Conservative Victory: Defeating Obama's Radical Agenda.\nHannity has promoted conspiracy theories, such as Birtherism, claims that the murder of Seth Rich was part of a conspiracy, and falsehoods about Hillary Clinton's health. Hannity was an early supporter of Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election. Since Trump's election, Hannity has often acted as a mouthpiece for Trump's messaging, criticizing the media, attacking the special counsel inquiry, and discouraging social distancing amid the COVID-19 pandemic. He reportedly speaks to the president on the phone most weeknights. Hannity has spoken at the president's lectern during a Trump rally and White House advisors have characterized him as the \"shadow\" chief-of-staff. According to Forbes, by 2018 Hannity had become one of the most-watched hosts in cable news and most-listened-to hosts in talk radio due to his closeness and access to President Donald Trump.", "Q102288": "Mirco Reseg (October 28, 1972 in D\u00fcsseldorf) is a German actor and comedian.", "Q85309": "Rudolf Lindau (10 October 1829 in Gardelegen \u2013 14 October 1910) was a German\ndiplomat and author.", "Q4717777": "Alexander Seropian (born 1969) is an American video game developer, one of the initial founders and later president of Bungie, the developer of the Marathon, Myth, and Halo video game series. Seropian became interested in computer programming in college and teamed up with fellow student Jason Jones to publish Jones's game Minotaur: The Labyrinths of Crete. The two became partners, and Bungie grew to become the best-known Apple Macintosh game developer before being bought by Microsoft in 2001.\nIn 2004, Seropian left Bungie and created Wideload Games, with the goal of streamlining game development. Wideload's small core development team worked with outside contractors to produce Stubbs the Zombie and Hail to the Chimp. Wideload was acquired by Disney in 2009. As part of the deal Seropian became vice president of game development for Disney Interactive Studios. In 2012 he left the position to start Industrial Toys, a company focusing on mobile games.", "Q444758": "Roberto de Mattei (born 21 February 1948 in Rome, Italy) is an Italian Roman Catholic historian and author.", "Q230282": "Brooklyn Danielle Decker (born April 12, 1987) is an American model and actress best known for her appearances in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, including the cover of the 2010 issue. In addition to working for Victoria's Secret for the 2010 \"Swim\" collection, she has ventured into television with guest appearances on Chuck, Ugly Betty, The League, and Royal Pains. She made her feature film debut in Just Go with It (2011), and later starred in Battleship (2012) and What to Expect When You're Expecting (2012).", "Q623009": "The National Woman's Party (NWP) is an American women's political organization formed in 1916 to fight for women's suffrage. After achieving this goal with the 1920 adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, the NWP advocated for other issues including the Equal Rights Amendment. The most prominent leader of the National Woman's Party was Alice Paul, and its most notable event was the 1917\u20131919 Silent Sentinels vigil outside the gates of the White House.", "Q488346": "Bad Kissingen is a spa town in the Bavarian region of Lower Franconia and seat of the district Bad Kissingen. Situated to the south of the Rh\u00f6n Mountains on the Franconian Saale river, it is one of the health resorts, which became famous as a \"Weltbad\" in the 19th century.", "Q7962289": "Kwaku Walker Lewis (August 3, 1798 \u2013 October 26, 1856), was an early African-American abolitionist, Freemason, and Mormon elder from Massachusetts. He was an active member of the Underground Railroad and the anti-slavery movement.", "Q1202021": "Acatech, (stylized as acatech), established as the German Academy of Science and Engineering (German: Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften) on 1 January 2008, represents the interests of German technical sciences independently, in self-determination and guided by the common good, at home and abroad. acatech is organized as a working academy that advises politicians and the public on forward-looking issues concerning the technical sciences and technology politics. The academy sees itself as an institution that provides neutral, fact and science-based assessments of technology-related questions and serves society with far-sighted recommendations of excellent quality. Also, acatech aims to facilitate the knowledge transfer between science and business and to promote new talent in the technical sciences. To further the acceptance of technical progress in Germany and demonstrate the potential of forward-looking technologies for the economy and for society, acatech organizes symposia, forums, panel discussions and workshops. acatech communicates with the public by publishing studies, recommendations and issue papers.\nAlso, in the future, the \u201cThree Academies\u201d, acatech, the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (BBAW) and the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in Halle, which will act as the lead organization in this enterprise, are intended to undertake the functions of a national academy of science.\nacatech, whose name stands for the combination of academia and technology, is made up of three bodies: General Assembly, Executive Board and Senate. The executive board of acatech is chaired by its presidents, Prof. Dr. Reinhard F. H\u00fcttl and Prof. Dr. Henning Kagermann. The present chairman of the Senate, which advises the academy on its strategic direction and counts distinguished figures from science, industry and politics among its members, is Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ekkehard D. Schulz, former CEO of ThyssenKrupp. The acatech head office is located in Munich. In addition the academy operates offices in Berlin and Brussels. Internationally, acatech plays its role in the European Council of Applied Sciences, Technologies and Engineering (Euro-CASE) and its global equivalent, the International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS).", "Q1182699": "Definitive Jux is a record label based in New York City. It was co-founded in 1999 by El-P and Amaechi Uzoigwe.", "Q443751": "Billie Jo Spears (born Billie Joe Moore; January 14, 1937 \u2013 December 14, 2011) was an American country music singer. She reached the top 10 of the country music chart five times between 1969 and 1977, her biggest being \"Blanket on the Ground\", a 1975 number-one hit. She also had a large following in the United Kingdom with two of her singles reaching the pop top ten.", "Q174478": "Blind Boy Fuller (born Fulton Allen, July 10, 1904 or 1907 \u2013 February 13, 1941) was an American blues guitarist and singer. Fuller was one of the most popular of the recorded Piedmont blues artists with rural African Americans along with Blind Blake, Josh White, and Buddy Moss.", "Q548176": "Chianca de Garcia (May 14, 1898 \u2013 January 28, 1983) was a Portuguese film director.\n\nPureza 1940 based on Pureza (Jos\u00e9 Lins do Rego novel)\n\n", "Q4042": "Thomas DeCarlo Callaway (born May 30, 1975), known professionally as CeeLo Green (or Cee Lo Green), is an American singer, rapper, composer, record producer, and actor. Green is known for his work in soul music, including the hit singles \"Crazy\" and \"Fuck You\". Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Green came to initial prominence as a member of the Southern hip hop group Goodie Mob. He subsequently began a solo career, releasing two albums on Arista Records: Cee-Lo Green and His Perfect Imperfections (2002) and Cee-Lo Green... Is the Soul Machine (2004).\nGreen's next project was Gnarls Barkley, a collaboration with DJ Danger Mouse. In 2006, the duo scored a worldwide hit with \"Crazy\", which reached the top five in twenty countries, including the U.S. and U.K. With Gnarls Barkley, Green released two albums: 2006's platinum-selling St. Elsewhere and 2008's The Odd Couple. In 2010, Green continued his solo career with the album The Lady Killer, which spawned his biggest solo hit, \"Fuck You\". The song peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100, and reached the top 10 in thirteen countries. Green has released two further solo albums, Cee Lo's Magic Moment (2012) and Heart Blanche (2015), as well as a reunion album with Goodie Mob, Age Against the Machine (2014).\nFrom 2011 to 2014, Green was a judge and coach on the American reality television singing competition The Voice, appearing on four of its seasons. He voiced Murray the Mummy in the 2012 animated feature film Hotel Transylvania, and also appeared in a few television programs and films including his own show, CeeLo Green's The Good Life, on TBS. Green has appeared in commercials, including 7 Up, Duracell, M&M\u2019s, and sake brand TYKU. His work has earned numerous awards and accolades, including five Grammy Awards, a BET Award, a Billboard Award, and a Brit Award.", "Q509894": "Maria Alexandra Paula Louise Jademyr Zazzi, known as Alexandra Zazzi (born 7 June 1966 in Rapallo, Italy) is a Swedish chef, journalist and television host.", "Q455133": "George Catlin (July 26, 1796 \u2013 December 23, 1872) was an American painter, author, and traveler, who specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the Old West. Travelling to the American West five times during the 1830s, Catlin was the first white man to depict Plains Indians in their native territory.", "Q57529": "Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia (Viktoria Luise; 13 September 1892 \u2013 11 December 1980) was the only daughter and the last child of German Emperor Wilhelm II and Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein. She was a great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria through her father. Her 1913 wedding to Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover was the largest gathering of reigning monarchs in Germany since German unification in 1871, and one of the last great social events of European royalty before the First World War began fourteen months later.\nShortly after the wedding, she became the Duchess of Brunswick by marriage. Through her daughter Frederica, Princess Victoria Louise was the maternal grandmother of Queen Sophia of Spain (mother of Felipe VI of Spain) and the former King Constantine II of Greece.", "Q84771": "Adolf Lieben (December 3, 1836 \u2013 June 6, 1914) was an Austrian Jewish chemist. He was born in Vienna the son of Ignatz Lieben. He studied at the University of Vienna, University of Heidelberg (Ph.D. 1856 with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen), and Paris, and subsequently held the positions of privat-docent at the University of Vienna (1861), and professor in the universities of Palermo (1863), Turin (1867), and Prague (1871). From 1875 until his death he held the chair of general and pharmacological chemistry at the University of Vienna, and is a member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences.\n\n", "Q1346111": "John Claudius Loudon (8 April 1783 \u2013 14 December 1843) was a Scottish botanist, garden designer and author. He was the first to use the term arboretum in writing to refer to a garden of plants, especially trees, collected for the purpose of scientific study. The standard author abbreviation Loudon is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.", "Q504368": "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Mumbai (IATA: BOM, ICAO: VABB), formerly known as Sahar International Airport, is the primary international airport serving the Mumbai Metropolitan Area, India. It is the second busiest airport in the country in terms of total and international passenger traffic after Delhi, and was the 14th busiest airport in Asia and 28th busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in calendar year 2017. Its passenger traffic was about 49.8 million in year 2018. The airport is the second busiest in the country in terms of cargo traffic also. In March 2017, the airport overtook London Gatwick Airport as the world's busiest airport with only one operational runway at a time.The airport has three operating terminals spread over a total land area of 750 hectares (1,850 acres) and handles about 950 aircraft movements per day. It handled a record 1,007 aircraft movements on 9 December 2018, higher than its earlier record of 1,003 flight movements in a day in June 2018. It handled a record 51 movements in one hour on 16 September 2014. Along with IGI Delhi, it was adjudged the \"World's Best Airport\" at Airport Service Quality Awards 2017 in the highest category of airports handling more than 40 million passengers annually by Airports Council International. It has also won the \"Best Airport in India and Central Asia\" award at the Skytrax 2016 World Airport Awards. It is one of the three airports in India to have implemented Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) to ensure timely takeoffs and landings.The airport is operated by Mumbai International Airport Limited (MIAL), a Joint Venture between the Airports Authority of India and the GVK Industries Ltd led consortium which was appointed in February 2006 to carry out the modernisation of the Airport. The new integrated terminal T2 was inaugurated on 10 January 2014 and opened for international operations on 12 February 2014. A dedicated six lane, elevated road connecting the new terminal with the main arterial Western Express Highway was also opened to the public the same day.The airport is named after the 17th-century Maratha king Chhatrapati Shivaji, having been renamed in 1999 from the previous \"Sahar Airport\" to \"Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport\" (the title \"Maharaj\" was inserted on 30 August 2018). CSIA's IATA airport code \u2013 \"BOM\" \u2013 is derived from Bombay, Mumbai's former name. It is situated across the suburbs of Santacruz and Sahar village in Vile Parle East.", "Q117685": "Robert K\u00e4slin (14 November 1871 in Aarau, Switzerland \u2013 3 July 1934) was a Swiss politician for the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland and jurist.\nThe son of the conductor, choirmaster, and composer Eusebius K\u00e4slin and brother of the writer Hans K\u00e4slin, he graduated from the district school in Aarau in 1892. He then studied law at the Universities of Bern, Munich, and Heidelberg. After receiving his doctorate, he passed his bar exam of the canton of Aargau and was a law clerk at the District Court of Baden in 1900, as well as an editor of the Aargauer Tagblatt.\nIn 1902, K\u00e4slin joined the federal administration and was until 1911 adjunct in the Department of Justice and Police. From 1912 to 1914, he served as secretary of the second Expert Committee on the Criminal Code. In 1914 he joined the Department of Justice and Police, which he headed from 1918. In 1919 he was elected Federal Vice-Chancellor.\nAfter the unexpected death of Chancellor Adolf von Steiger, K\u00e4slin was elected by the Federal Assembly unopposed. Since the Catholic Conservative People's Party had a second Federal Council seat since 1919, they renounced this in a counter-bid. In the area of public affairs K\u00e4slin is considered a pioneer of public relations, as he organized the first head of the Federal Chancellery regular meeting with the press. In March 1934, he was forced to resign for health reasons. Three months later he died of heart disease.", "Q44233": "Hesiod (; Greek: \u1f29\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 H\u0113s\u00edodos) was a Greek poet generally thought by scholars to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer. He is generally regarded as the first written poet in the Western tradition to regard himself as an individual persona with an active role to play in his subject. Ancient authors credited Hesiod and Homer with establishing Greek religious customs. Modern scholars refer to him as a major source on Greek mythology, farming techniques, early economic thought (he is sometimes considered history's first economist), archaic Greek astronomy and ancient time-keeping.", "Q80517": "Shreveport ( SHREEV-port) is a city in the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is the most populous city in the Shreveport-Bossier City metropolitan area. Shreveport ranks third in population in Louisiana after New Orleans and Baton Rouge and 133rd in the U.S. The bulk of Shreveport is in Caddo Parish, of which it is the parish seat. Shreveport extends along the west bank of the Red River (most notably at Wright Island, the Charles and Marie Hamel Memorial Park, and Bagley Island) into neighboring Bossier Parish. The population of Shreveport was 199,311 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The United States Census Bureau's 2018 estimates for the city's population decreased to 188,987, and grew to an estimated 189,149.Shreveport was founded in 1836 by the Shreve Town Company, a corporation established to develop a town at the juncture of the newly navigable Red River and the Texas Trail, an overland route into the newly independent Republic of Texas. Prior to Texas becoming independent, this trail entered Mexico. The city grew throughout the 20th century and, after the discovery of oil in Louisiana, became a national center for the oil industry. Standard Oil of Louisiana (absorbed by Standard Oil of New Jersey and now part of ExxonMobil) and United Gas Corporation (now part of Pennzoil) were headquartered in the city until the 1960s and 1980s. After the loss of jobs in the oil industry, the close of Shreveport Operations (a General Motors vehicle factory), and other economic problems the city struggled with a declining population, poverty, drugs and violent crime. Since Cedric Glover's tenure as mayor of Shreveport, the city began efforts to revitalize its infrastructure to end its population decline, revive the economy through diversification, and lower crime.Shreveport is the educational, commercial and cultural center of the Ark-La-Tex region, where Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas meet. It is the location of Centenary College of Louisiana, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Louisiana Tech University Shreveport, Southern University at Shreveport, and Louisiana Baptist University. Its neighboring city Bossier City is the location of Bossier Parish Community College. The city forms part of the I-20 Cyber Corridor linking Shreveport and Bossier City, Ruston, Grambling, and Monroe to Dallas and Tyler, Texas, and Atlanta, Georgia. Companies with significant operations or headquarters in Shreveport are Regions Financial Corporation, JPMorgan Chase, Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall, AT&T Mobility, United Parcel Service, Walmart, Chick-fil-A, Waffle House, SWEPCO, General Electric, UOP LLC, Calumet Specialty Products Partners, and APS Payroll.", "Q8678": "Rio de Janeiro (; Portuguese: [\u02c8\u0281i.u d(\u0292i) \u0292\u0250\u02c8ne(j)\u027eu] (listen); River of January), or simply Rio, is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area and the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's third-most populous state. Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named \"Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea\", by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape.Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, a domain of the Portuguese Empire. Later, in 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a state of the Portuguese Empire. In 1808, when the Portuguese Royal Court transferred itself from Portugal to Brazil, Rio de Janeiro became the chosen seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal, who subsequently, in 1815, under the leadership of her son, the Prince Regent, and future King Jo\u00e3o VI of Portugal, raised Brazil to the dignity of a kingdom, within the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves. Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822, when the War of Brazilian Independence began. This is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonising country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies. Rio de Janeiro subsequently served as the capital of the independent monarchy, the Empire of Brazil, until 1889, and then the capital of a republican Brazil until 1960 when the capital was transferred to Bras\u00edlia.\nRio de Janeiro has the second largest municipal GDP in the country, and 30th largest in the world in 2008, estimated at about R$343 billion (nearly US$201 billion). It is headquarters to Brazilian oil, mining, and telecommunications companies, including two of the country's major corporations \u2013 Petrobras and Vale \u2013 and Latin America's largest telemedia conglomerate, Grupo Globo. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific output according to 2005 data. Despite the high perception of crime, the city actually has a lower incidence of crime than most state capitals in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro is one of the most visited cities in the Southern Hemisphere and is known for its natural settings, Carnival, samba, bossa nova, and balneario beaches such as Barra da Tijuca, Copacabana, Ipanema, and Leblon. In addition to the beaches, some of the most famous landmarks include the giant statue of Christ the Redeemer atop Corcovado mountain, named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World; Sugarloaf Mountain with its cable car; the Samb\u00f3dromo (Sambadrome), a permanent grandstand-lined parade avenue which is used during Carnival; and Maracan\u00e3 Stadium, one of the world's largest football stadiums. Rio de Janeiro was the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Paralympics, making the city the first South American and Portuguese-speaking city to ever host the events, and the third time the Olympics were held in a Southern Hemisphere city. The Maracan\u00e3 Stadium held the finals of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, and the XV Pan American Games.", "Q545452": "Brenda Holloway (born June 21, 1946) is an American singer and songwriter, who was a recording artist for Motown Records during the 1960s. Her best-known recordings are the soul hits, \"Every Little Bit Hurts\", \"When I'm Gone\", and \"You've Made Me So Very Happy.\" The latter, which she co-wrote, was later widely popularized when it became a Top Ten hit for Blood, Sweat & Tears. She left Motown after four years, at the age of 22, and largely retired from the music industry until the 1990s, after her recordings had become popular on the British \"Northern soul\" scene.", "Q862464": "Barkin' Bill Smith (August 18, 1928 \u2013 April 24, 2000) was an American Chicago blues and electric blues singer and songwriter. He was born in Cleveland, Mississippi, and in his latter years lived in Chicago.", "Q338812": "Calogero Lorenzo \"Chazz\" Palminteri (born May 15, 1952) is an American actor, screenwriter, producer and playwright. He is best known for his Academy Award-nominated role for Best Supporting Actor in Bullets over Broadway, the 1993 film A Bronx Tale, based on his play of the same name, Special Agent Dave Kujan in The Usual Suspects, Primo Sidone in Analyze This and his recurring role as Shorty in Modern Family.", "Q2143595": "Renato Chiantoni (19 April 1906 \u2013 24 December 1979) was an Italian actor. He appeared in 100 films between 1937 and 1978.Born in Brescia, the son of the stage actor Amedeo, Chiantoni debuted on stage entering several drama and revue companies. He was later active as an actor of radio dramas. Very active in films as a character actor since the 1930s, after the World War II Chiantoni also worked as a director of production and as a documentary director.", "Q214452": "Anita Lasker-Wallfisch (born 17 July 1925) is a cellist, and a surviving member of the Women's Orchestra in Auschwitz.\n\n", "Q192843": "Death was an American death metal band from Orlando, Florida, founded in 1983 by guitarist and vocalist Chuck Schuldiner. Death is considered to be among the most influential bands in heavy metal and a pioneering force in the extreme metal subgenre of death metal. Their debut album, Scream Bloody Gore, has been widely regarded as the first death metal record (although there is some dispute to that claim as Possessed's debut album Seven Churches and Necrophagia's debut album Season of the Dead were released before).\nDeath had a revolving lineup, with Schuldiner being the sole consistent member. The group's style also progressed, from the raw sound on its first two albums to a more sophisticated one in its later stage. The band ceased to exist after Schuldiner died of glioma and pneumonia in December 2001, but remains an enduring influence on heavy metal.", "Q234782": "Sibylla (French: \"Sibylle\", c. 1160\u20131190) was the Countess of Jaffa and Ascalon from 1176 and Queen of Jerusalem from 1186 to 1190. She was the eldest daughter of Amalric I of Jerusalem and Agnes of Courtenay, sister of Baldwin IV and half-sister of Isabella I of Jerusalem, and mother of Baldwin V of Jerusalem. Her grandmother Melisende had provided an example of successful rule by a queen regnant earlier in the century.", "Q89255": "Rudolf Meinert (1882\u20131945) was an Austrian screenwriter, film producer and director.\nMeinert was born Rudolf B\u00fcrstein in Vienna, but worked for most of his career in the German film industry. He became well-established as the producer/director of silent crime films. In the immediate post-First World War period, Meinert was head of production at the German studio Decla after his own production unit Meinert-Film was taken over by the larger outfit. Meinert, rather than Erich Pommer, is sometimes credited as the producer behind Decla's revolutionary The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920). Following the Nazi takeover of power in Germany, Meinert, who was Jewish, went into exile in the Netherlands.", "Q1028116": "Xinghua (simplified Chinese: \u5174\u5316; traditional Chinese: \u8208\u5316; pinyin: X\u012bnghu\u00e0) is a county-level city under the administration of Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China. It is located in the central part of Jiangsu Province. It borders the prefecture-level cities of Yancheng to the north and east and Yangzhou to the west.\nXinghua is the abbreviation for \"Xingsheng jiaohua (\u5174\u76db\u6559\u5316)\" which means \"prospering (the Confucian) teaching\".", "Q1209174": "Whiteberry (\u30db\u30ef\u30a4\u30c8\u30d9\u30ea\u30fc) were a five-piece all-girl pop/rock band from Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan. Although not reaching more than cult status outside of their native country, the group gained a loyal following with their recordings and live performances.", "Q929667": "Lexington is a suburban town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 31,394 at the 2010 census, which was estimated at 33,727 in 2018. Settled in 1641 as a farming community, it is well known as the site of the first shots of the American Revolutionary War, in the Battle of Lexington on April 19, 1775. It is home to Minute Man National Historical Park.", "Q982590": "Guy Montagu Butler (25 August 1899 \u2013 22 February 1981) was a British sprinter, winner of the gold medal in the 4 \u00d7 400 m relay at the 1920 Summer Olympics. With four Olympic medals Guy Butler shares the British record for the number of medals in athletics with Sebastian Coe and Mo Farah.\nButler was born in Harrow, Middlesex, to Edward Montagu Butler and Gertrude Mary Fair. He was the grandson of academic Henry Montagu Butler and nephew of Sir James Ramsay Montagu Butler and Sir Nevile Butler.He attended the prestigious Harrow School, the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, and Trinity College, Cambridge. His father also attended Harrow and competed in cricket and athletics at the national level. At the Antwerp Olympics in 1920, Butler won the silver medal in the individual 400 m and anchored the British 4 \u00d7 400 m relay team to a gold medal in 3:22.2. At the 1924 Summer Olympics, he won bronze in the 400 m and again anchored the British 4 \u00d7 400 m relay team, this time winning bronze in 3:17.4. In 1928 he became the first British track and field athlete to compete in three Olympics; he reached a 200 m quarterfinal, and retired shortly thereafter.Butler won the British AAA Championships in 440 yd (400 m) in 1919 and in 220 yd (200 m) in 1926. He also ran the 300 yd (270 m) world record of 30.6 in 1926.In retirement, Butler was a schoolmaster, then an athletics journalist, and a pioneer of filming athletes in action. He contributed to the design of the White City Stadium and worked as the athletics correspondent for The Morning Post until it was merged with The Daily Telegraph in 1937.", "Q920131": "British Sea Power are an English band. Their original lineup consisted of Jan Scott Wilkinson (vocals, guitar), Neil Hamilton Wilkinson (bass guitar, vocals, guitar), Eamon Hamilton (keyboards, vocals, percussion, guitar), Martin Noble (guitar), Matthew Wood (drums). Eamon Hamilton left the band in 2006 and was subsequently replaced by Phil Sumner (cornet, keyboards), with Abi Fry (viola) also joining the band in 2008.\nThe wide-ranging nature of the band's material has led critics to liken their sound to a variety of groups, from The Cure and Joy Division to the Pixies and Arcade Fire. The band are famed for their live performances, the unusual lyrical content of their songs and the adventurous choice of locations for some of their shows.", "Q1387981": "Sir Alfred Chester Beatty (7 February 1875 \u2013 19 January 1968), who always signed his name A. Chester Beatty, was an American mining magnate, philanthropist and one of the most successful businessmen of his generation, who was given the epithet the \"King of Copper\" as a reference to his fortune. He became a naturalised British citizen in 1933, knighted in 1954 and made an honorary citizen of Ireland in 1957. He was a collector of African, Asian, European and Middle Eastern manuscripts, rare printed books, prints and objets d'art. Upon his move to Dublin in 1950 he established the Chester Beatty Library on Shrewsbury Road to house his collection; it opened to the public in 1954. The Collections were bequeathed to the Irish people and entrusted to the care of the State in his Irish will. He donated a number of papyrus documents to the British Museum, his second wife's (Edith Dunn Beatty) collection of Marie Antoinette's personal furniture to the Louvre and a number of his personal paintings that once hung in the Picture Gallery of his London home to the National Gallery of Ireland. He also founded the Chester Beatty Institute in London which was later renamed the Institute of Cancer Research.", "Q1761995": "Shawn Randolph Houser (born December 18, 1975) is an American country music singer and songwriter. Signed to Universal South Records in 2008, he charted the single \"Anything Goes\". It was a Top 20 hit on the Billboard country singles chart and the title track to his debut album of the same name, which also produced his first Top 5 hit, \"Boots On\". In 2012, he moved to Broken Bow Records imprint Stoney Creek. He reached Number One with \"How Country Feels\", the title track to his third album, and with \"Runnin' Outta Moonlight\" in 2013. The follow up singles from the same album were \"Goodnight Kiss\", which reached number one on the Mediabase Country Chart and number two on the Country Airplay chart, and \"Like a Cowboy,\" which reached number 3 on the Country Airplay chart in March 2015 and received a 2015 Country Music Association Awards Song of the Year nomination.\nPrior to his success as an artist, Houser lived as a songwriter, co-writing singles including \"Honky Tonk Badonkadonk\" by Trace Adkins, \"Back That Thing Up\" by Justin Moore, and \"My Cowboy\" by country pop artist Jessie James.\n\n", "Q3738041": "Hugh Herr (born October 25, 1964) is an American rock climber, engineer, and biophysicist.", "Q936753": "Plymouth is the seventh largest city in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Located 15 miles (24 km) west of downtown Minneapolis in Hennepin County, the city is the third largest suburb of Minneapolis\u2013Saint Paul, which is the sixteenth largest metropolitan area in the United States, with about 3.63 million residents. According to the 2018 Metropolitan Council estimate, Plymouth's population is 79,450. The population was 70,576 at the 2010 Census.\nOnce named for Medicine Lake, the city's name was chosen by Hennepin County Commissioners during the county's inception.", "Q96361": "William Henry O'Swald ( August 23, 1832, Blankenese \u2013 May 7, 1923, Hamburg) was a Hamburg overseas merchant and Senator.\nWilliam Henry O'Swald's father was Johan Carl Heinrich Wilhelm O'Swald (1798\u20131859) a Prussian who in 1831 founded the company O'Swald & Co in Hamburg. In 1847 the company began trade with Zanzibar, Lagos and Palma. The main office was in Zanzibar. Particularly successful was the \"cowry trade\" (Kaurischneckenhandel), the use of Shell money for trade. Scarce in West Africa cowries were purchased cheaply in the Seychelles where they were common and sold at great profit to African middlemen involved in the slave trade (Zanzibar was the main slave port in East Africa. The cowry money was also currency in the to and fro trade of commodities and products, especially linen between Zanzibar and Hamburg.\nIn 1849 the Company established further business links in Lagos, important for the Palm oil trade and in 1853 O'Swald & Co. bought the Hamburg merchant Diederichsen's Lagos factory. Five years later in 1858 the elder brother Percy O'Swald Albrecht (1831\u20131899) was made a partner of O'Swald & Co and in 1859 he was followed by William O'Swald. In the following years, the brothers changed the management of the company each year, one living in Zanzibar, the other in Hamburg. In 1859 William O'Swald negotiated with Majid ibn Sa'id, the Sultan of Zanzibar, a commercial contract for the Hanseatic cities of Hamburg, L\u00fcbeck and Bremen, which had great influence in interior eastern Africa. The Sultan benefited personally and Zanzibar benefited from the resulting increased tax revenues. In the following years using his position as Honorary Consul in Zanzibar he established new branches of the company in Madagascar, the Somali Coast and the German Protectorate in East Africa. O'Swald was also \"praeses\" (head) of the deputation for trade and shipping (a mixed commission of experts and officials) in the administration of Hamburg.\nIn 1866 he was elected member of the Hamburg Parliament. Three years later (11 January 1869) the parliament elected him lifelong senator of Hamburg. He remained member of the Senate of Hamburg until 1 July 1912. On 3 April 1908 his fellow senators elected him deputy mayor (Second Mayor of Hamburg) for the term until 31 December 1909. He promoted Hamburgs colonial trade and established in 1886 the Hamburg section of the \"Deutsche Kolonial-Gesellschaft\" (German Colonial Society) and was elected as a member of the board of that organisation in Berlin. He had however no enthusiasm in colonial political affairs and often criticised the politics of German East Africa Company of Karl Peters as did his friend, the Hamburg shipping magnate Johann Cesar VI. Godeffroy.", "Q6641": "Societ\u00e0 Sportiva Calcio Bari, commonly referred to as Bari, is an Italian football club founded in 1908 and based in Bari, Apulia. \nIt currently plays in Serie C.\nThe club spent many seasons bouncing between the top two divisions in Italian football, Serie A and Serie B. The club was formerly known as A.S. Bari or F.C. Bari 1908 as well as other names, due to re-foundations.", "Q1861368": "A tattoo artist (also tattooer or tattooist) is an individual who applies permanent decorative tattoos, often in an established business called a \"tattoo shop,\" \"tattoo studio\" or '\"tattoo parlour.\" Tattoo artists usually learn their craft via an apprenticeship under a trained and experienced mentor.", "Q296337": "Ricardo Zamora Mart\u00ednez (Spanish pronunciation: [ri\u02c8ka\u027e\u00f0o \u03b8a\u02c8mo\u027ea ma\u027e\u02c8tine\u03b8]; 14 February 1901 \u2013 8 September 1978) was a Spanish footballer and manager. He played as a goalkeeper for, among others, RCD Espanyol, FC Barcelona and Real Madrid. As an international he played for both the Catalan XI and Spain. As a manager, he won two La Liga titles with Atl\u00e9tico Aviaci\u00f3n and briefly managed Spain.\nZamora, nicknamed El Divino, was noted for wearing a cloth cap and a white polo-neck jumper on the field, a look later copied by several of his contemporaries. He claimed it was to protect him from both the sun and his opponents. As a goalkeeper, he was primarily known for his athleticism, quick reflexes, shot-stopping abilities, large frame, and bravery in goal. In 1929 while playing for Spain against England, he carried on playing despite breaking his sternum. Spain won the game 4\u20133, becoming the first team from outside the British Isles to defeat England. Zamora is also remembered for a spectacular last minute save he made in the 1936 Copa del Presidente de la Rep\u00fablica Final while playing for Real Madrid against FC Barcelona. Regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers of his generation, along with Gianpiero Combi and Franti\u0161ek Pl\u00e1ni\u010dka, as well as one of the greatest of all time, in 1999, the IFFHS elected him the best Spanish goalkeeper \u2013 as well as the fourth best in Europe and fifth best overall \u2013 of the twentieth century; in the same year, he was voted one of the greatest players of the 20th century by World Soccer magazine. The award for the best goalkeeper in La Liga, the Ricardo Zamora Trophy, is named in his honour. Zamora was also Spain's most capped player for 45 years until being surpassed by Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel Iribar.Zamora was also the subject of controversy throughout his career. He allegedly enjoyed drinking Cognac and smoking up to three packs of cigarettes a day. During the 1920 Olympic Games he was sent off against Italy after punching an opponent and on the way back from the same tournament he was arrested, imprisoned and fined for attempting to smuggle Havana cigars. In 1922 he was suspended for a year when he lied to the tax authorities about the signing on fee he received when he returned to RCD Espanyol. He also received 40,000 pesetas of the 150,000 peseta fee that took him from Espanyol to Real Madrid.Zamora's ostensible political allegiances were also the subject of debate and controversy. Despite playing regularly for the Catalan XI, he was accused of rejecting Catalan nationalism. In 1934, he was awarded an Order of the Republic medal by his namesake Niceto Alcal\u00e1-Zamora, president of the Second Spanish Republic, while during the Spanish Civil War he was exploited by Nationalist propagandists and he played in a benefit game for their cause. During the 1950s he was awarded the Great Cross of the Order of Cisneros by the Franco regime.He died in 1978 and is interred in the Montju\u00efc Cemetery in Barcelona.", "Q45139": "Paul Scott \"Paco\" Lockhart (born April 28, 1956) is an American aerospace engineer, retired United States Air Force Colonel and NASA astronaut, a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions.", "Q453556": "The Naked Truth is a 1957 British film comedy starring Terry-Thomas, Peter Sellers and Dennis Price. Peggy Mount, Shirley Eaton and Joan Sims also appear. It was produced and directed by Mario Zampi and written by Michael Pertwee. It was released in the U.S. as Your Past is Showing.\n\n", "Q241309": "Sudden Death is a 1995 American sports action thriller film directed by Peter Hyams and starring Jean-Claude Van Damme, Powers Boothe, and Dorian Harewood. The film was released in the United States on December 22, 1995. Set at the Pittsburgh Civic Arena, the film was written by Gene Quintano, based on a story by Karen Elise Baldwin, the wife of then-Pittsburgh Penguins owner Howard Baldwin, who was a co-producer. It was the second collaboration between Van Damme and Hyams, after Timecop (1994).\nThe film was a box office disappointment in the United States, grossing less than $20.4 million at the box office on a $35 million budget. However, the film was a success internationally, particularly in Australia, Philippines, Germany, and the United Kingdom, making $64 million worldwide. In other countries, it made close to $50 million in profit with video sales. It received mixed reviews at the time of its release, although retrospective reviews have been more positive and it is seen by many as one of Van Damme's best.", "Q5348": "Jovan Had\u017ei (22 November 1884 \u2013 11 December 1972) was a Slovenian zoologist of Serbian origin.", "Q1340574": "Harry Fleetwood Andrews, CBE (10 November 1911 \u2013 6 March 1989) was an English actor known for his film portrayals of tough military officers. His performance as Sergeant Major Wilson in The Hill alongside Sean Connery earned Andrews the 1965 National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor and a nomination for the 1966 BAFTA Award for Best British Actor. The first of his more than 80 film appearances was in The Red Beret in 1953.", "Q269485": "Eva Marcille Sterling \n(n\u00e9e Pigford; born October 30, 1984) is an American actress, fashion model and television personality. She started her career by winning the third cycle of America's Next Top Model. She was previously credited by her birth name Eva Pigford.", "Q1159089": "Dan John Miller is an American singer-songwriter and actor from Detroit, Michigan. He is currently the guitarist and lead vocalist for the gothic country-garage band Blanche. He made his major film acting debut in the film Walk The Line, playing Johnny Cash's guitar player Luther Perkins.", "Q68915": "Fey is a municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q236181": "Sandra Bernhard (born June 6, 1955) is an American actress, comedian, singer, and author. She first gained attention in the late 1970s, with her stand-up comedy in which she often bitterly critiqued celebrity culture and political figures.\nBernhard is best known as portraying Nancy Barlett Thomas on the ABC sitcom Roseanne from the fourth season (1991) to the end of the show in 1997. She is currently starring as Nurse Judy Kubrak in the FX drama series Pose. Bernhard is number ninety-six on Comedy Central's list of the 100 greatest stand-ups of all time.", "Q66938": "Champoz is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains.", "Q614869": "C\u00e9sar Vidal Manzanares, born 1958 in Madrid, is a Spanish radio host, lawyer turned historian and author. He is doctor in history from UNED, where he was Professor-tutor during 8 years. His thesis received the Valedictorian Academic Award in 1991. He has a PhD in Law in University Alfonso X, El Sabio, in Theology and Philosophy by Logos University, where he is a member of the Board of Regents. He is also a member of the Executive Council of the Inter-American Institute for Democracy. He is also member of the Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Espa\u00f1ola ( North American Academy of the Spanish Language) since 2015. He has been collaborator of several media, as El Mundo, Diario 16, Periodico de Aragon and La Razon. He has hosted the radio show La Linterna on Cadena COPE from 2004 to 2009. That year he quit COPE to launch with Federico Jim\u00e9nez Losantos a liberal radio, esRadio. In 2013 he abandoned that project too, due to disagreements with Jim\u00e9nez Losantos.[5] Since 2014 he is the host of La Voz, a radio program broadcast from U.S.A, that has an international daily audience of over 600.000.He specializes in historical studies about totalitarian regimes and history of religions. His book \" El Holocausto (1195) is the first complete history of the Holocaust written by a Spaniard. His book \" Las Brigadas Internacionales\" ( The International Brigades) has been qualified by the American historian, Stanlei G. Payne, as \"the most complete book about the International Brigades published in any language, in any time, and in any place.\" Stanlei G. Payne also affirmed that \"La Guerra Que Gano Franco\" (The War that Franco Won) \"is the best military history of the Spanish Civil War in one volume.\" In his books about the Spanish Civil War he has used the Soviet original sources to make discoveries about the role of the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War and the Cold War, the Republican Political Repression or the foreign intervention in the conflict. In his work \" Paracuellos- Katin: El Genocidio de la Izquierda\" and in \"Checas de Madrid,\" Vidal provides an estimate of people murdered during the Spanish Civil War by leftist groups. Among his studies in History of Religions, especially praised has been his thrilogy of founders of religions; \" Jesus, el Judio\",\"Buda, el Principe\", and \"Mahoma el Guia.\"\nHe has been the first translator of historical sources to Spanish such as \"The Egyptian history of Manetho\",\"The Gnostic Gospels of Nag Hammadi\" , \"The Complete Narrative of Ancient Egypt\" and \"Komintern Documents.\"\nThe number of his books is over 100 and several ones have been under the Best Seller list and received historical and literary awards.He is also known for his views on Radical Islam, Spanish Civil War and Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero's administration. In his books about the Civil War La Guerra que Gan\u00f3 Franco, Checas de Madrid and Paracuellos-Katyn. El Genocidio de la Izquierda, he gives revisionist views of the conflict that are at odds with mainstream historians, and which are shared by fellow conservatives like P\u00edo Moa and Ricardo de la Cierva. In the latter book, Vidal provides an estimate of people murdered during the Spanish Civil War for practicing Catholicism. He has also claimed in his show that Islam and France have been Spain's main enemies throughout its history. He has the theory that May 68 was \"a CIA operation to destabilize general De Gaulle\", believes Basque is a \"primitive language\", and is skeptic about the theory of evolution.He has published more than 100 books. He also writes a column in newspaper La Raz\u00f3n, and used to publish a series called Misterios de la Historia in Libertad Digital.", "Q84765": "Philippine \"Betty\" Amann (March 10, 1907 \u2013 August 3, 1990) was a German-American film actress. She began her film career in the United States with the film The Kick-Off (1926).", "Q3739": "Bissau is the capital city of Guinea-Bissau. In 2015, Bissau had a population of 492,004. Bissau is located on the Geba River estuary, off the Atlantic Ocean, and is Guinea-Bissau's largest city, major port, and its administrative and military centre.", "Q507675": "Victor (Latin: Flavius Victor Augustus; Unknown \u2013 August 388 AD) was a Western Roman Emperor from either 383/384 or 387 to August 388. He was the son of the Magister militum per Gallias Magnus Maximus, who later became an usurper of the Western Roman Empire, in opposition to Gratian. Maximus rose up in 383, and was recognized as the legitimate emperor in the west by Theodosius I. Victor was elevated to augustus of the Western Roman Empire in either 383/384 or mid-387, making him co-emperor with his father. Maximus invaded Italy, in 387, to depose Valentinian II, the brother and successor of the late Gratian. Because of Maximus' invasion, Theodosius invaded the Western Roman Empire in 388. Theodosius defeated Maximus in two battles in Pannonia, before crushing his army at Aquilea, and capturing Maximus. Maximus was executed on 28 August 388. His death was followed quickly by Victor's, who was executed where he had stayed in Trier by the Frankish General Arbogast.", "Q70182": "Bedigliora is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q4018179": "Ward Greene (December 23, 1892 \u2013 January 22, 1956) was an American writer, editor, journalist, playwright, and general manager of the comic syndicate King Features Syndicate. He is known for overseeing the works of Alex Raymond and other writers and artists at King Features Syndicate, as well as writing Raymond's Rip Kirby comic strip from 1946 until his death.\nGreene wrote the magazine story \"Happy Dan, the Cynical Dog\" for Cosmopolitan in 1945, and this story was the basis for the 1955 Walt Disney Animation film Lady and the Tramp. Greene also wrote the spinoff comic strip, Scamp, featuring the young son of the Disney dogs, from 1955 to 1956.", "Q47048": "Oulu ( OH-loo, Finnish: [\u02c8ou\u032flu] (listen); Swedish: Ule\u00e5borg [\u0289\u02d0l\u025b\u0254\u02c8b\u0254rj] (listen)) is a city and municipality of 208 939 inhabitants (31 January 2019) in the region of North Ostrobothnia, Finland. It is the most populous city in Northern Finland, and the fifth most populous in the country. Only the city of Murmansk, Russia, has more people and is further north.\nOulu is considered one of Europe's \"living labs\", where residents experiment with new technology (such as NFC tags and ubi-screens) on a community-wide scale.", "Q175014": "12 is a 2007 crime film by Russian director, screenwriter, producer and actor Nikita Mikhalkov. The film is a Russian-language remake of Sidney Lumet's 1957 film 12 Angry Men, which in turn was based on Reginald Rose's 1955 stage play, Twelve Angry Men, itself based on Rose's 1954 teleplay of the latter's same name.\nMikhalkov was awarded the Special Lion at the 64th Venice International Film Festival for his work on the film, which also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Language Film.", "Q200355": "Olivia Wilde (born Olivia Jane Cockburn; March 10, 1984) is an American actress, producer, director, and activist. She is known for her role as Remy \"Thirteen\" Hadley on the medical-drama television series House (2007\u20132012), and her roles in the films Conversations with Other Women (2005), Alpha Dog (2007), Tron: Legacy (2010), Cowboys & Aliens (2011), Butter (2011), Drinking Buddies (2013), The Incredible Burt Wonderstone (2013), Rush (2013), The Lazarus Effect (2015), Love the Coopers (2015), and Meadowland (2015). In 2017, Wilde made her Broadway debut, playing the role of Julia in 1984. In 2019, she directed her first film, the teen comedy Booksmart, to critical acclaim.", "Q443023": "Chiemi Eri (\u6c5f\u5229 \u30c1\u30a8\u30df, Eri Chiemi, January 11, 1937 \u2013 February 13, 1982), was a Japanese popular singer and actress.\nEri was born as Chiemi Kubo (\u4e45\u4fdd \u667a\u6075\u7f8e, Kudo Chiemi) on January 11, 1937 in Tokyo, Japan. She started her singing career at the age of 14 with her version of \"Tennessee Waltz.\" She sang American songs such as \"Jambalaya\" and \"Come on-a My House\". Eri started her career as an actress similar to Hibari Misora. Eri, Misora and Izumi Yukimura formed a trio. In her concerts, she was supported by Nobuo Hara's jazz band.Eri married Ken Takakura in 1959 but divorced in 1971. She released the single \"Sakaba Nite\" (\u9152\u5834\u306b\u3066, lit. \"At The Bar\") in 1974. The song was later included in the omnibus album \"Enka no Kokoro\".\n\n", "Q1764153": "Sverre Kjelsberg (18 October 1946 \u2013 18 June 2016) was a Norwegian singer, guitarist, bassist, composer, and lyricist. He was a member of the band The Pussycats from 1964. He and Mattis H\u00e6tta represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1980 with the entry S\u00e1miid \u00c6dnan, which was composed by Kjelsberg and Ragnar Olsen.On 18 June 2016, Kjelsberg was found dead in his home, aged 69. He had been ill with cancer previously, but was declared cancer-free in 2015. No cause of death has been determined.\n\n", "Q922040": "Wenceslau Jos\u00e9 de Sousa de Moraes (30 May 1854, in Lisbon \u2013 1 July 1929, in Tokushima), in modern orthography Venceslau de Morais, was a Portuguese writer whose works were steeped in orientalism and exoticism, particularly the culture of Japan. He has been compared to Lafcadio Hearn, a contemporary who settled in Japan but wrote in English. A translator of Haiku, his verse was also influenced by Symbolism.", "Q173465": "David Pender Richards (born 3 June 1952) is the chairman of Prodrive, chairman of Motorsport UK (The Royal Automobile Club Motor Sports Association Ltd), former chairman of Aston Martin, a former team principal of the BAR and Benetton Formula One motor racing teams and World Rally Champion in 1981. He lives with his wife, Karen, in Warwickshire and has three children. In the 2005 New Year Honours List Richards was appointed a CBE for his services to motorsport and in 2017 was inducted into the Motor Sport Hall of Fame and received the Spirit of Le Mans award from the Automobile Club de l\u2019Ouest (ACO). In 2019 he received the Autocar Outstanding Leader Award.", "Q49065": "Andrea Barrett (born November 16, 1954) is an American novelist and short story writer. Her collection Ship Fever won the 1996 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction, and she received a MacArthur Fellowship in 2001. Her book Servants of the Map was a finalist for the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and Archangel was a finalist for the 2013 Story Prize.", "Q1280022": "Jerral Wayne \"Jerry\" Jones (born October 13, 1942) is an American billionaire businessman and has been the owner of the National Football League (NFL)'s Dallas Cowboys since 1989.\n\n", "Q164119": "Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg (born June 5, 1971) is an American actor, producer, businessman, model, rapper, singer, and songwriter. He is also known by his former stage name Marky Mark from his career with the group Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch, with whom he released the albums Music for the People (1991) and You Gotta Believe (1992).\nWahlberg transitioned from music to acting, with his screen debut in Renaissance Man (1994) and his first starring role in Fear (1996). He received critical praise for his performance as porn actor Dirk Diggler in Boogie Nights. In the early 2000s, he ventured into big budget action-oriented movies, such as The Perfect Storm (2000), Planet of the Apes (2001), and The Italian Job (2003). He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for playing a police officer in the crime drama The Departed (2006). He was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor for the biographical sports drama The Fighter (2010), in which he starred as Micky Ward. In the 2010s, he landed successful comedy roles with The Other Guys (2010), Daddy's Home (2015), its 2017 sequel, Ted (2012), and its 2015 sequel. He also became the protagonist in the Transformers live-action film franchise (2014, 2017). He was the world's best-paid actor in 2017.\nWahlberg also served as executive producer of five HBO series: the comedy-drama Entourage (2004\u20132011), the period crime drama Boardwalk Empire (2010\u20132014), the comedy-dramas How to Make It in America (2010\u20132011) and Ballers (2015\u20132019), and documentary McMillions (2020). He is co-owner of the Wahlburgers chain and co-starred in the reality TV series about it. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2010.", "Q230296": "Madeline Zima (born September 16, 1985) is an American actress. She portrayed Grace Sheffield on the CBS sitcom The Nanny (1993\u20131999), Mia Lewis on the Showtime comedy drama series Californication (2007\u20132011), and Gretchen Berg on the NBC series Heroes (2009\u20132010).", "Q187282": "Zeki Velidi Togan (Bashkir: \u04d8\u0445\u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0437\u04d9\u043a\u0438 \u04d8\u0445\u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0448\u0430\u04bb \u0443\u043b\u044b \u0412\u04d9\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0438, romanized: \u00c4xm\u00e4tz\u00e4ki \u00c4xm\u00e4t\u015fah ul\u0131 W\u00e4lidi; Russian: \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0442-\u0417\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0448\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432, Turkish: Ahmet Zeki Velidi Togan, 1890\u20131970 Istanbul), was a Bashkir historian, Turkologist, and leader of the Bashkir revolutionary and liberation movement.", "Q242166": "Marianne Fredriksson, n\u00e9e Persson (March 28, 1927 in Gothenburg \u2013 February 11, 2007 in \u00d6stersk\u00e4r) was a Swedish author who worked and lived in Roslagen and Stockholm. Before becoming a novelist, she was a journalist for various Swedish newspapers and magazines, including Svenska Dagbladet.\nFredriksson published fifteen novels, most of which have been translated into English, German, Dutch and other languages. Most of her earlier books are based on biblical stories. A central theme in her writings is friendship because, as she maintained, \"friendship will be more important than love\" in the future.", "Q156815": "Mohammed Rafi (24 December 1924 \u2013 31 July 1980) was an Indian playback singer. He is considered as one of the greatest and most influential singers of the Indian subcontinent. Rafi was notable for his voice, versatility and range; his songs were varied from fast peppy numbers to patriotic songs, sad numbers to highly romantic songs, qawwalis to ghazals and bhajans to classical songs. He was known for his ability to mould his voice to the persona and style of an actor, lip-syncing the song on screen in the movie. He received six Filmfare Awards and one National Film Award. In 1967, he was honoured with the Padma Shri award by the Government of India. In 2001, Rafi was honoured with the \"Best Singer of the Millennium\" title by Hero Honda and Stardust magazine. In 2013, Rafi was voted for the Greatest Voice in Hindi Cinema in the CNN-IBN's poll.He has recorded songs for over a thousand Hindi films and has sung songs in various regional Indian languages as well as foreign languages, though primarily in Hindi-Urdu and Punjabi over which he had a strong command. He has recorded as many as 7405 songs in many languages. He has sung in many regional Indian languages including Konkani, Assamese, Bhojpuri, Odia, Punjabi, Bengali, Marathi, Sindhi, Kannada, Gujarati, Tamil, Telugu, Magahi, Maithili. Apart from Indian languages, he also sang songs in many foreign languages including English, Farsi, Arabic, Sinhala, Creole and Dutch.", "Q563481": "Daniel Glattauer (born May 19, 1960) is an Austrian writer and former journalist. He was born in Vienna, where he still lives and works. A former regular columnist for Der Standard, a national daily newspaper, he is best known for his dialogic epistolary novel Love Virtually (Gut gegen Nordwind) and its sequel Every Seventh Wave (Alle sieben Wellen).His literary works were translated into 40 languages, sold over 3 million times and adapted for radio, theater, television and cinema alike, even beyond the German speaking countries. In 2006 he was nominated for the German Book Prize (Deutscher Buchpreis) for his novel Love Virtually.Glattauer's novels and plays are inspired by his personal experiences, dealing with situations and themes constructed from memories of his time as a journalist and his psychosocial counsellor training.With him often being described as a \"feel-good-author\", Glattauer's work is characterized by humor and romantic relationships, catering to the masses and leading some critics to find fault with a lack of depth to his novels.", "Q286642": "John Richard Schneider (born April 8, 1960) is an American actor and country music singer. He is best known for his portrayal of Beauregard \"Bo\" Duke in the American television action/comedy series The Dukes of Hazzard (opposite Tom Wopat, Catherine Bach and James Best), Jonathan Kent in the 2001\u201311 TV series Smallville, and James \"Jim\" Cryer on the television series The Haves and the Have Nots, created by Tyler Perry.\nAlongside his acting career, Schneider has been a singer since the early 1980s, releasing nine studio albums and a greatest hits package, as well as eighteen singles. This total includes \"I've Been Around Enough to Know\", \"Country Girls\", \"What's a Memory Like You\", and \"You're the Last Thing I Needed Tonight\", all of which reached the top of the Billboard country singles charts.", "Q1354267": "Julian Franklin Keith Nott (born 23 August 1960) is a British film composer, mostly of animated films. He is best known for his work on the Wallace and Gromit films and Peppa Pig animations.Nott was born in Marylebone, London, and was educated at Eton College and Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where he studied Music and Philosophy, Politics and Economics and was the college organ scholar. After a few years working for Arthur Andersen Management Consultants in the City (now Accenture) and writing freelance for The Economist Group, he enrolled at the British National Film and Television School. There, he met the creator of the Wallace and Gromit series, Nick Park. They both received recognition for the work they did there, including Park's student film A Grand Day Out.After leaving the National Film and Television School, Nott worked for a number of years as a documentary film-maker, making films for Channel Four Television and other broadcasters until he gradually switched to a career in television and film composing.\nHis credits include many dramas for BBC such as the popular Lark Rise to Candleford and ITV's The Vice.Nott has also directed and written one feature film of his own, a 2001 comedy entitled Weak at Denise.In 2006, he won an Annie Award for his score on Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit and an Ivor Novello Award in 2009 for the Wallace and Gromit film A Matter of Loaf and Death. As a producer, he received a BAFTA nomination for the short film \"Chicken\" in 1990.\nNott is a director of the Performing Right Society and the Mechanical Copyright Protection Society.\nHe is the son of Sir John Nott, the British Secretary of State for Defence during the Falklands War.", "Q483561": "C is a 2011 Japanese anime television series produced by Tatsunoko Production. The story follows Kimimaro Yoga, an economics student who is introduced to the alternate reality of the Financial District, where people bet their own futures in battles. Entres\u2014the series' term for the fighters\u2014can accumulate large quantities of money by winning but they will have their futures altered if they lose. As the story proceeds Kimimaro starts to perceive the effects of the Financial District's existence in the real world.\nThe anime was directed by Kenji Nakamura, who was given the opportunity to create a storyline for an original series. Nakamura was affected by the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers\u2014one of the key events of the financial crisis of 2007\u201308\u2014and envisioned a story about economic battles. He was moved by stories he heard during the interviews he conducted with people related to the economics field, and the series became darker in tone during its development. Through macroeconomics jargon, the series addresses trust and the need to act to ensure a better future.\nThe series was broadcast in Japan on Fuji TV's Noitamina programming block between April 15 and June 24, 2011, before being released on DVD and Blu-Ray discs by Toho. It was simulcasted with a week's delay by Funimation Entertainment in the United States, by Siren Visual in Australia, and by Anime on Demand in the United Kingdom. The anime also aired in the United States on the Funimation Channel and on Pivot in 2013. Its home media distribution was handled by Funimation in the United States, by Siren Visual in Australia, and by MVM Entertainment in the United Kingdom.\nC's premise and core concept have been praised by Western reviewers, who were nonetheless disappointed by the execution of the story and the development of the characters. One of the critics' main concerns was that the story was inconclusive and that some plot elements were not fully worked. Its art received mixed responses but was highly criticized for its use of 3D computer graphics, while the musical score was mainly praised. The series has also been highlighted both as a good action show and as a series that can arouse reflective discussions on economic philosophy.", "Q359552": "Gordon Meredith Lightfoot Jr. (born November 17, 1938) is a Canadian singer-songwriter guitarist who achieved international success in folk, folk-rock, and country music. He is credited with helping to define the folk-pop sound of the 1960s and 1970s. He is often referred to as Canada's greatest songwriter and is known internationally as a folk-rock legend.Lightfoot's songs, including \"For Lovin' Me\", \"Early Morning Rain\", \"Steel Rail Blues\", \"Ribbon of Darkness\"\u2014a number one hit on the U.S. country chart with Marty Robbins's cover in 1965\u2014and \"Black Day in July\" about the 1967 Detroit riot, brought him wide recognition in the 1960s. Canadian chart success with his own recordings began in 1962 with the No. 3 hit \"(Remember Me) I'm the One\", followed by recognition and charting abroad in the 1970s. He topped the US Hot 100 or AC chart with the hits \"If You Could Read My Mind\" (1970), \"Sundown\" (1974); \"Carefree Highway\" (1974), \"Rainy Day People\" (1975), and \"The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald\" (1976), and had many other hits that appeared in the top 40.Several of Lightfoot's albums achieved gold and multi-platinum status internationally. His songs have been recorded by renowned artists such as Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Hank Williams Jr., The Kingston Trio, Marty Robbins, George Hamilton IV, Jerry Lee Lewis, Neil Young, Bob Dylan, Judy Collins, Barbra Streisand, Johnny Mathis, Herb Alpert, Harry Belafonte, Scott Walker, Sarah McLachlan, Eric Clapton, John Mellencamp, Jack Jones, Bobby Vee, Roger Whittaker, Tony Rice, Peter, Paul and Mary, Glen Campbell, The Irish Rovers, Nico, Olivia Newton-John, Paul Weller, Nine Pound Hammer, Ultra Nat\u00e9, The Tragically Hip, The Unintended and Headstones.Robbie Robertson of the Band described Lightfoot as \"a national treasure\". Bob Dylan, also a Lightfoot fan, called him one of his favorite songwriters and, in an often-quoted tribute, Dylan observed that when he heard a Lightfoot song he wished \"it would last forever\". Lightfoot was a featured musical performer at the opening ceremonies of the 1988 Winter Olympic Games in Calgary, Alberta. He received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree (arts) in 1979 and was made a Companion of the Order of Canada in May 2003. In November 1997, the Governor General's Performing Arts Award, Canada's highest honour in the performing arts, was bestowed on Lightfoot. On February 6, 2012, Lightfoot was presented with the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. June of that year saw his induction into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. On June 6, 2015, Lightfoot received an honorary doctorate of music in his hometown of Orillia from Lakehead University.", "Q289571": "Alice Louise Walton (born October 7, 1949) is an American heir to the fortune of Walmart Inc. She is the daughter of Walmart founder Sam Walton and Helen Walton, and sister of S. Robson Walton, Jim Walton and the late John T. Walton. \nIn September 2016, she owned over US$11 billion in Walmart shares. As of April 2019, she was ranked as the 16th-richest person in the world and the second richest woman, with an estimated net worth of $45 billion.", "Q2964754": "Christopher \"Chris\" Jones (born March 4, 1955) is a video game designer, video game producer, CEO, finance professional, and actor. He is best known for a series interactive movies starring Tex Murphy, a private investigator that lives in San Francisco in the middle of the 21st century. Murphy is played by Jones himself.", "Q130548": "Vera L\u00facia Berndt Fischer (Portuguese pronunciation: [v\u025b\u02c8\u027ea fi\u02c8\u0283\u025b\u0281]; born 27 November 1951) is a Brazilian actress of long-standing reputation and works in cinema and for the small screen, particularly for telenovelas.\nA former beauty pageant titleholder, Vera was crowned Miss Brazil in 1969 by Miss Brazil 1968 and also Miss Universe 1968, Martha Vasconcellos.", "Q97719": "Fanny Morweiser (11 March 1940 \u2013 13 August 2014) was a German writer.", "Q301739": "Cosimo Massimo Fusco (born September 23, 1962) is an Italian actor.", "Q865479": "MIKTA is an informal partnership between Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Turkey and Australia. It is led by the Foreign Ministers. It was created in 2013 on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York City and aims to support effective global governance.", "Q158838": "Patrice de MacMahon, 6th Marquess of MacMahon, 1st Duke of Magenta (French pronunciation: \u200b[pat\u0281is d\u0259 makma.\u0254\u0303]; born Marie Edme Patrice Maurice; 13 June 1808 \u2013 17 October 1893), was a French general and politician, with the distinction of Marshal of France. He served as Chief of State of France from 1873 to 1875 and as President of France, from 1875 to 1879.\nMacMahon led the main French army in the war against the Germans in 1870. He was trapped and wounded at the Battle of Sedan in September 1870. The army surrendered to the Germans, including MacMahon and Emperor Napoleon III. Thus France lost the war and the Emperor went into exile. After convalescence MacMahon was appointed head of the Versailles Army, which defeated the Paris Commune revolt in May 1871 and set the stage for his political career. MacMahon was a devout conservative Catholic, a traditionalist who despised socialism and strongly distrusted the secular Republicans. He took seriously his duty as the neutral guardian of the Constitution and rejected suggestions of a monarchist coup d'\u00e9tat. He also refused to meet with Gambetta, the leader of the Republicans. He moved for a parliamentary system in which the assembly selected the ruling government of the Third Republic, but he also insisted on an upper chamber. He later dissolved the Chamber of Deputies, resulting in public outrage and a Republican electoral victory. Soon after MacMahon resigned and retired to private life.", "Q1072220": "Francisco Jos\u00e9 Hern\u00e1ndez Mandujano (December 7, 1945 \u2013 March 29, 1989), better known as Chico Che, was a musician, singer, songwriter, and performer from Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.\nBorn in 1945, Chico Che was the youngest of three . At the age of 5, he began playing a guitar given to him by his cousin, Lolita Mandujano. Though he never received formal training, he mastered the guitar and numerous other instruments. Throughout his career, he founded several notable groups including Los 7 Modernistas, Los Temerarios, and La Crisis. Among his hit songs were \"De Qu\u00e9n Chon\" and \"Qui\u00e9n Pomp\u00f3\".\nIn 1968, Chico Che married Concepcion Rodriguez and the couple had three children. On March 29, 1989, Chico Che died of a heart attack at his home in Mexico City. He was 43.", "Q313305": "Angus Turner Jones (born October 8, 1993) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Jake Harper in the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men, for which he won two Young Artist Awards and a TV Land Award during his 10-year tenure as one of the show's main characters.", "Q727257": "Maurice Clavel (French: [klav\u025bl]) was a French writer, journalist, and philosopher. He was born on 10 November 1920 in Frontignan, H\u00e9rault, and died on 23 April 1979 in Asquins, Yonne.", "Q1065984": "Charles Stebbins Fairchild (April 30, 1842 \u2013 November 24, 1924) was a New York businessman and politician who served as United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1887 to 1889 and Attorney General of New York from 1876 to 1877. He was a notable anti-suffragist, challenging the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1920 and serving as president of the American Constitutional League.", "Q163896": "Fast Company is a 1979 Canadian action film directed by David Cronenberg and starring William Smith, John Saxon, Claudia Jennings and Nicholas Campbell. It was written by Phil Savath, Courtney Smith, Alan Treen and Cronenberg. It was primarily filmed at Edmonton International Speedway, in addition to other locations in Edmonton, Alberta, and Western Canada.", "Q452116": "Julia Hall Bowman Robinson (December 8, 1919 \u2013 July 30, 1985) was an American mathematician noted for her contributions to the fields of computability theory and computational complexity theory\u2014most notably in decision problems. Her work on Hilbert's 10th problem (now known as Matiyasevich's theorem or the MRDP theorem) played a crucial role in its ultimate resolution. Robinson was a 1983 MacArthur Fellow.", "Q16559": "Austin (US: , UK: ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Texas, as well as the seat and largest city of Travis County, with portions extending into Hays and Williamson counties. It is the 11th-most populous city in the United States, the fourth-most-populous city in Texas, and the second-most-populous state capital city (after Phoenix, Arizona). It is also the fastest growing large city in the United States from 2015\u20132016, and the southernmost state capital in the contiguous United States.\nAs of the U.S. Census Bureau's July 1, 2018 estimate, Austin had a population of 964,254, up from 790,491 at the 2010 census. The city is the cultural and economic center of the Austin\u2013Round Rock metropolitan statistical area, which had an estimated population of 2,168,316 as of July 1, 2018. Located in Central Texas within the greater Texas Hill Country, it is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways, including Lady Bird Lake and Lake Travis on the Colorado River, Barton Springs, McKinney Falls, and Lake Walter E. Long.\nU.S. News & World Report named Austin the No. 1 place to live in the U.S. for 2017 and 2018. In 2016, Forbes ranked Austin No. 1 on its \"Cities of the Future\" list, then in 2017 placed the city at that same position on its list for the \"Next Biggest Boom Town in the U.S.\" Also in 2017, Forbes awarded the South River City neighborhood of Austin its #2 ranking for \"Best Cities and Neighborhoods for Millennials\". WalletHub named Austin the #6 best place in the country to live for 2017. The FBI ranked Austin as the #2 safest major city in the U.S. for 2012.Residents of Austin are known as Austinites. They include a diverse mix of government employees, college students, musicians, high-tech workers, and blue-collar workers. The city's official slogan promotes Austin as \"The Live Music Capital of the World\", a reference to the city's many musicians and live music venues, as well as the long-running PBS TV concert series Austin City Limits. The city also adopted \"Silicon Hills\" as a nickname in the 1990s due to a rapid influx of technology and development companies. In recent years, some Austinites have adopted the unofficial slogan \"Keep Austin Weird\", which refers to the desire to protect small, unique, and local businesses from being overrun by large corporations. Since the late 19th century, Austin has also been known as the \"City of the Violet Crown\", because of the colorful glow of light across the hills just after sunset.By the 1990s, Austin emerged as a center for technology and business. A number of Fortune 500 companies have headquarters or regional offices in Austin, including 3M, Amazon, Apple, Google, IBM, Intel, Oracle, Texas Instruments, and Whole Foods Market. Dell's worldwide headquarters is located in the nearby suburb of Round Rock.", "Q360": "Julian Paul Assange (; n\u00e9 Hawkins; born 3 July 1971) is an Australian editor, publisher, and activist who founded WikiLeaks in 2006. WikiLeaks came to international attention in 2010 when it published a series of leaks provided by U.S. Army intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning. These leaks included the Baghdad airstrike Collateral Murder video (April 2010), the Afghanistan war logs (July 2010), the Iraq war logs (October 2010), and Cablegate (November 2010). After the 2010 leaks, the United States government launched a criminal investigation into WikiLeaks.In November 2010, Sweden issued an international arrest warrant for Assange, after questioning him months earlier about allegations of sexual assault. Assange denied the allegations, and said they were a pretext for him to be extradited from Sweden to the United States because of his role in publishing secret American documents. Assange surrendered to UK police on 7 December 2010, but was released on bail within ten days. Having been unsuccessful in his challenge to the extradition proceedings, he breached his \u00a3340,000 bail in June 2012 and took refuge in the Embassy of Ecuador in London. He was granted asylum by Ecuador due to fears of political persecution and extradition to the United States. Assange remained in the Embassy of Ecuador in London for almost seven years.During the 2016 US Democratic Party presidential primaries, WikiLeaks hosted emails sent or received by candidate Hillary Clinton while she was Secretary of State. The U.S. Intelligence Community, as well as a Special Counsel investigation, concluded that the Russian government carried out a hacking campaign as part of broader efforts to interfere in the 2016 United States elections. In 2018, twelve Russian intelligence officers, mostly affiliated with the GRU, were indicted on criminal charges by Special Counsel Robert Mueller; the indictment charged the Russians with carrying out the computer hacking and working with WikiLeaks and other organisations to spread stolen documents. Assange has consistently denied any connection to or co-operation with Russia in relation to the leaks, and accused the Clinton campaign of stoking \"a neo-McCarthy hysteria\".In January 2018, he was granted Ecuadorian citizenship. On 11 April 2019, Assange's asylum was withdrawn following a series of disputes with the Ecuadorian authorities. The police were invited into the embassy, and he was arrested. Later that day, he was found guilty of breaching the Bail Act and on 1 May 2019 he was sentenced to 50 weeks in prison in the United Kingdom. On the same day, the United States government unsealed an indictment against Assange for alleged computer intrusion, related to the leaks provided by Chelsea Manning. On 23 May 2019, the United States government further charged Assange with violating the Espionage Act of 1917. Editors from newspapers including The Washington Post and The New York Times criticised the government's decision to charge Assange under the Espionage Act. After having been dropped in 2017, Swedish prosecutors reopened their investigation in May 2019, but in November closed it again, saying that the evidence had weakened over time. Assange is incarcerated in HM Prison Belmarsh, reportedly in ill health.", "Q61909": "Weil am Rhein (High Alemannic: Wiil am Rhii) is a German town and commune. It is on the east bank of the River Rhine, and close to the point at which the Swiss, French and German borders meet. It is the most southwesterly town in Germany and a suburb of the Swiss city Basel. Weil am Rhein is part of the \"trinationale Agglomeration Basel\" with about 830,000 inhabitants.", "Q152493": "Sabrina (Sabrina Fair/La Vie en Rose in the United Kingdom) is a 1954 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Billy Wilder, adapted for the screen by Wilder, Samuel A. Taylor, and Ernest Lehman from Taylor's play Sabrina Fair. The picture stars Humphrey Bogart, Audrey Hepburn and William Holden. This was Wilder's last film released by Paramount Pictures, ending a 12-year business relationship with Wilder and the company. The film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress in 2002.", "Q500644": "Curtis Roosevelt (April 19, 1930 \u2013 September 26, 2016) was an American writer. Roosevelt was the son of Anna Roosevelt and her first husband, Curtis Bean Dall. He was the eldest grandson of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt.", "Q380579": "Nicholas Tse Ting-fung (Chinese: \u8b1d\u9706\u92d2; born 29 August 1980) is a Hong Kong actor, martial artist, singer, songwriter, entrepreneur and chef. A multi talented celebrity, he became a TV chef and food critic in 2014.\nTse initially entered the entertainment industry in 1996 as a singer. He learned martial arts from Philip Ng, Andy On and Sammo Hung, and Jackie Chan stunt team leader, Chung Chi Li for the screen and television, which he continues to practice. Tse made his film debut in 1998 with the crime film Young and Dangerous: The Prequel, for which he received the Hong Kong Film Award for Best New Performer for his performance. In 2003, Tse founded Post Production Office Limited, a special effects companies in Hong Kong which provides services for movies, video games, and advertisements. The company grosses over one billion Hong Kong dollars, and the company has since been sold.In 2011, he won the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film The Stool Pigeon.", "Q92881": "Malcolm Douglas McIlroy (born 1932) is a mathematician, engineer, and programmer. As of 2019 he is an Adjunct Professor of Computer Science at Dartmouth College.\nMcIlroy is best known for having originally proposed Unix pipelines and developed several Unix tools, such as spell, diff, sort, join, graph, speak, and tr. He was also one of the pioneering researchers of macro processors and programming language extensibility. He participated in the design of multiple influential programming languages, particularly PL/I, SNOBOL, ALTRAN, TMG and C++.\nHis seminal work on software componentization and code reuse makes him a pioneer of component-based software engineering and software product line engineering.", "Q57263": "William II (German: Wilhelm II; 25 February 1848 \u2013 2 October 1921) was the last King of W\u00fcrttemberg. He ruled from 6 October 1891 until the abolition of the kingdom on 30 November 1918.", "Q161059": "Frederick IV (11 October 1671 \u2013 12 October 1730) was the king of Denmark and Norway from 1699 until his death. Frederick was the son of Christian V of Denmark-Norway and his consort Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel.", "Q714845": "David Howell Evans (born 8 August 1961), better known by his stage name the Edge (or just Edge), is an Irish musician and songwriter best known as the lead guitarist, keyboardist, and backing vocalist of the rock band U2. A member of the group since its inception, he has recorded 14 studio albums with the band and one solo record. As a guitarist, the Edge has crafted a minimalistic and textural style of playing. His use of a rhythmic delay effect yields a distinctive sound that has become a signature of U2's music.\nThe Edge was born in England to a Welsh family, and was raised in Ireland after the Evans family moved there. In 1976, at Mount Temple Comprehensive School he formed a band with his fellow students and elder brother Dik that would evolve into U2. Inspired by the ethos of punk rock and its basic arrangements, the group began to write its own material. They eventually became one of the most successful acts in popular music, with albums such as 1987's The Joshua Tree and 1991's Achtung Baby. Over the years, the Edge has experimented with various guitar effects and introduced influences from several genres of music into his own style, including American roots music, industrial music, and alternative rock. With U2, the Edge has also played keyboards, co-produced their 1993 record Zooropa, and occasionally served as co-lyricist. The Edge met his second wife Morleigh Steinberg through her collaborations with the band.\nAs a member of U2 and as an individual, the Edge has campaigned for human rights and philanthropic causes. He co-founded Music Rising, a charity to support musicians affected by Hurricane Katrina. He has collaborated with U2 bandmate Bono on several projects, including songs for Roy Orbison and Tina Turner, and the soundtracks to the musical Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark and the Royal Shakespeare Company's London stage adaptation of A Clockwork Orange. As a member of U2, the Edge has won 22 Grammy Awards and has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Several music publications have ranked the Edge among the greatest guitarists of all time.", "Q87532": "Gerhard Fritsch ( March 28, 1924 \u2013 March 22, 1969) was an Austrian novelist and poet. He won great success for his first novel Moos auf den Steinen (Moss on the Stones). This was later adapted into a film. Fritsch's second novel, 'Fasching'(Carnival) was published in 1969, the year in which Fritsch committed suicide.", "Q4786730": "Archibald James Florence \"Archie\" Macdonald (2 May 1904 \u2013 20 April 1983) was a Scottish Liberal later Conservative politician and businessman.", "Q382408": "Bye Bye Monkey (Italian: Ciao maschio, French: R\u00eave de singe) is a 1978 Italian-French film, directed by Marco Ferreri and starring G\u00e9rard Depardieu, Marcello Mastroianni, James Coco and Geraldine Fitzgerald. It is about a man who finds a baby chimpanzee in a giant King Kong prop and decides to raise it like a son. It was filmed in English and shot in Long Island, New York. As this was a French-Italian co-production, French and Italian dubbed versions were made for their respective countries' theatrical releases.", "Q129747": "Malik Deshawn Cox (born June 23, 1978), best known as Memphis Bleek (sometimes shorted to Bleek), is an American rapper mainly known for his tenure with Roc-A-Fella Records and CEO of his own labels Get Low Records and Warehouse Music Group. He has released four albums during his career (2 of which went Gold by the RIAA), and had planned to release The Process in 2011, although the album has yet to be released.", "Q117871": "Fritz Fischer (9 February 1898, Oberdiessbach im Emmenthal BE, Switzerland \u2013 28 December 1947, Zurich, Switzerland) was a technical physicist, engineer and inventor. He was married to Maud Sch\u00e4tti.Fritz Fischer studied electrical engineering at the ETH Zurich from 1917 till 1921 and graduated as Dr. sc. tech in 1924. Working at the Telephonwerke Albisrieden he improved the transmission quality of speech, whereupon he was called to the central laboratories of the mother company Siemens & Halske in Berlin. There he built the first remotely controlled ships and airplanes and investigated the physical properties of colour film. Over 70 patent applications resulted from his work at Siemens. He was lecturer at the Technical University of Berlin.\n1932 he received a call to the ETH Zurich, where he became professor and founded the Institute of Technical Physics. He developed and patented the Eidophor technique of displaying television pictures the size of cinema screens. Edgar Gretener, his chief assistant at the ETH, was project leader for the development of Eidophor. This project was transferred to a company founded by Gretener, which later became Gretag AG. After years of development, Eidophor achieved commercial success until Liquid Crystal Display LCD (another invention with important Swiss contributors) and Digital Light Processing DLP video projectors became available.\nOther early assistants at his Institute were Hugo Thiemann (founding member of the Club of Rome), Gustav Guanella, Werner Lindecker and Erna Hamburger, who became famous on their own.\nProfessor Fritz Fischer was one of the important technical scientists of his day. He was co-founder together with Max Lattmann, his first Ph.D. graduate, of Contraves AG, a Swiss defence and aerospace company, now part of Rheinmetall Air Defence AG, Zurich.", "Q440274": "The Wandflue (also spelled Wandfluh) is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Fribourg and Bern. It lies south of Jaun in the Gastlosen chain.", "Q109497": "Helmut Ystr\u00f6m (1881\u20131963) was a German politician and Senator in Bremen, Germany.", "Q203102": "Zille and Me (German: Zille und ick) is a 1983 East German musical film directed by Werner W. Wallroth. It was entered into the 13th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Q661216": "Wil is a district of the Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland. It is named after the regional centre Wil, which is the largest city of the district. The district capital is Wil.", "Q33097": "Eugenio de Salazar was a Spanish explorer who crossed the Atlantic ocean in Spanish ship in the 16th century. De Salazar made the journey with his wife and family in 1573, just 81 years after Christopher Columbus.", "Q91436": "Ernst Waldschmidt (July 15, 1897, L\u00fcnen, Province of Westphalia \u2013 February 25, 1985, G\u00f6ttingen) was a German orientalist and Indologist. He was a pupil of German indologist Emil Sieg.\nHe taught at Berlin University and began teaching at the University of G\u00f6ttingen in 1936. Waldschmidt joined the Nazi party in May 1937.He was a specialist on Indian philosophy, and archaeology of India and Central Asia.\nHe also founded Stiftung Ernst Waldschmidt.", "Q638363": "Nicholas I (Czech: Mikul\u00e1\u0161 I. Opavsk\u00fd) (c. 1255 \u2013 25 July 1318) was the natural son of Bohemian king Ottokar II P\u0159emysl and his mistress Agnes of Kuenring. In 1269 he became Duke of Opava (at modern day Opava, Czech Republic) and thereby the progenitor of the Silesian cadet branch of the P\u0159emyslid dynasty that lasted until 1521.\nHe was legitimated by his father with the consent of Pope Urban IV and raised at the Prague court. As his half-brother Wenceslaus II was designated to succeed his father on the Bohemian throne, Nicholas in compensation received Troppau, then a part of the Moravian march. He supported his father in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld, was captured by Hungarian forces, but regained his duchy from the victorious German king Rudolph of Habsburg. His rule was however challenged by Ottokar's widow Kunigunda Rostislavna, who had retired to Hradec nad Moravic\u00ed.\nIn 1283 Nicholas married King Rudolph's niece Adelheid. They had three sons:\n\nNicholas II, Duke of Troppau\nWenceslaus of Opava\nJohann (died 1325).Nicholas retained the Duchy of Opava after the last P\u0159emyslid ruler of Bohemia, King Wenceslaus III was killed in 1306. The Bohemian Crown however passed to Duke Henry of Carinthia and Nicholas had to accept the pledge of his duchy in favour of the Silesian Piast duke Boles\u0142aw III the Generous of Legnica, the husband of King Wenceslaus' III sister Margaret. King Henry's successor John of Luxembourg however redeemed the pawn and in 1318 re-installed Nicholas's son Nicholas II as duke.", "Q1165748": "Dardanelle or Marcia Marie Hadley (December 27, 1917 in Avalon, Mississippi, U.S. - August 8, 1997 in Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.), was an American jazz artist known for performing with Lionel Hampton and early performer using a single name Dardanelle.", "Q446605": "Bernard Cornwell, (born 23 February 1944) is an English author of historical novels and a history of the Waterloo Campaign. He is best known for his novels about Napoleonic Wars rifleman Richard Sharpe. He has also written the Saxon / Last Kingdom stories about King Alfred and the making of England. \nHe has written historical novels primarily on English history in five series, and one series of contemporary thriller novels. A feature of his historical novels is an end note on how they match or differ from history, and what one might see at the modern sites of the battles described. He wrote a nonfiction book on the battle of Waterloo, in addition to the fictional story of the famous battle in the Sharpe series. Two of the historical novel series have been adapted for television: the Sharpe television series by ITV and The Last Kingdom by BBC. He lives in the US with his wife, alternating between Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Charleston, South Carolina.", "Q272923": "Charles Patrick Ryan O'Neal (born April 20, 1941) is an American actor and former boxer. O'Neal trained as an amateur boxer before beginning his career in acting in 1960. In 1964, he landed the role of Rodney Harrington on the ABC nighttime soap opera Peyton Place. The series was an instant hit and boosted O'Neal's career. He later found success in films, most notably Love Story (1970), for which he received Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations as Best Actor, Peter Bogdanovich's What's Up, Doc? (1972) and Paper Moon (1973), Stanley Kubrick's Barry Lyndon (1975), Richard Attenborough's A Bridge Too Far (1977), and Walter Hill's The Driver (1978). From 2005 to 2017, he had a recurring role in the Fox TV series Bones as Max, the father of the show's protagonist.", "Q72975": "Philipp Nicodemus Frischlin (also spelled Nikodemus) (22 September 1547 \u2013 29 November 1590) was a German philologist, poet, playwright, mathematician, and astronomer, born at Erzingen, today part of Balingen in W\u00fcrttemberg, where his father was parish minister.", "Q43570": "Manuel Jos\u00e9 G\u00f3mez Rufino (c. 1820\u20131882) was an Argentine politician who was governor of San Juan Province, Argentina between 1857 and 1858 and again between 1873 and 1874.", "Q920109": "James McCracken (December 16, 1926 \u2013 April 29, 1988) was an American operatic tenor. At the time of his death The New York Times stated that McCracken was \"the most successful dramatic tenor yet produced by the United States and a pillar of the Metropolitan Opera during the 1960s and 1970s.\"", "Q3736054": "Uusimaa is a Finnish constituency represented in eduskunta. It covers the administrative region of Uusimaa, excluding the capital city of Helsinki, which forms its own constituency. Uusimaa elects 36 members to eduskunta, which makes it the largest electoral district in the country.Even though the city proper is not part of the constituency, much of the area falls under the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area. The suburban cities Espoo and Vantaa account for half of its population of 1 million. The largest party in the 2011 election was the National Coalition Party, with the Social Democratic Party second. The Green League and Swedish People's Party gained vote share in excess of their national average.", "Q4684133": "Per Adolf Lindskog (1751\u20131836) was a notable businessman and shipbuilder in Jakobstad at the turn of the 19th century. He was married to Anna Catharina Malm, the daughter of the prominent merchant and shipbuilder Niclas Malm. When his father-in-law Niclas Malm died in 1785, Adolf Lindskog took over the management of the city's twist tobacco factory.\nTrade started to develop rapidly in Jakobstad as of 1765, when the cities along the Finnish shore of the Gulf of Botnia were granted privileges by the Swedish crown to trade directly with foreign countries, and Jakobstad became one of the wealthiest cities per capita in Finland. This also meant brisk business for Lindskog, and he was periodically the city's wealthiest man, competing with his brother-in-law Pehr Malm for this title.\nIn 1797 Adolf Lindskog had built the city's first house built of stone at the market square (it is today Jakobstad's oldest house). The same year, he founded a shipyard, with the intention to concentrate all ship building in Jakobstad to the same location. This shipyard was built on Calholmen, and was named Calholmens skeppsvarv (the shipyard of Calholmen). This area is today called Varvet. During a period of 75 years, around 150 ships were built at this shipyard.", "Q156193": "Pierre Louis Joseph Boulez CBE (French: [pj\u025b\u0281 lwi \u0292oz\u03b5f bul\u025bz]; 26 March 1925 \u2013 5 January 2016) was a French composer, conductor, writer and founder of several musical institutions. He was one of the dominant figures of the post-war classical music world.\nBorn in Montbrison in the Loire department of France, the son of an engineer, Boulez studied at the Conservatoire de Paris with Olivier Messiaen, and privately with Andr\u00e9e Vaurabourg and Ren\u00e9 Leibowitz. He began his professional career in the late 1940s as music director of the Renaud-Barrault theatre company in Paris. As a young composer in the 1950s he quickly became a leading figure in avant-garde music, playing an important role in the development of integral serialism and controlled chance music. From the 1970s onwards he pioneered the electronic transformation of instrumental music in real time. His tendency to revise earlier compositions meant that his body of completed works was relatively small, but it included pieces regarded by many as landmarks of twentieth-century music, such as Le Marteau sans ma\u00eetre, Pli selon pli and R\u00e9pons. His uncompromising commitment to modernism and the trenchant, polemical tone in which he expressed his views on music led some to criticise him as a dogmatist.\nIn parallel with his activities as a composer Boulez became one of the most prominent conductors of his generation. In a career lasting more than sixty years he held the positions of chief conductor of the New York Philharmonic and the BBC Symphony Orchestra, music director of the Ensemble Intercontemporain and principal guest conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Cleveland Orchestra. He made frequent guest appearances with many of the world's other great orchestras, including the Vienna Philharmonic, the Berlin Philharmonic and the London Symphony Orchestra. He was particularly known for his performances of the music of the first half of the twentieth century\u2014including Debussy and Ravel, Stravinsky and Bart\u00f3k, and the Second Viennese School\u2014as well as that of his contemporaries, such as Ligeti, Berio and Carter. His work in the opera house included the Jahrhundertring\u2014the production of Wagner's Ring cycle for the centenary of the Bayreuth Festival\u2014and the world premiere of the three-act version of Alban Berg's Lulu. His recorded legacy is extensive.\nHe founded a number of musical institutions in Paris, including the Domaine Musical, the Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM), the Ensemble Intercontemporain and the Cit\u00e9 de la Musique, as well as the Lucerne Festival Academy in Switzerland.", "Q66900": "Steinerberg is a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland.", "Q216269": "23, original German title: 23 \u2013 Nichts ist so wie es scheint (\"Nothing is what it seems\") is a 1998 German drama thriller film about a young hacker Karl Koch, who died on 23 May 1989, a presumed suicide. It was directed by Hans-Christian Schmid, who also participated in screenwriting. The title derives from the protagonist's obsession with the number 23, a phenomenon often described as apophenia. Although the film was well received by critics and audiences, its accuracy has been vocally disputed by some witnesses to the real-life events on which it was based. Schmid subsequently co-authored a book that tells the story of the making of 23 and also details the differences between the movie and the actual main events.", "Q83032": "Bad Urach is a town in the district of Reutlingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is situated 14 km east of Reutlingen, at the foot of the Swabian Alb (or Swabian Alps in English), and is known for its spa and therapeutic bath.", "Q3503043": "Sugar Hill Records was a record label specializing in hip hop music that was founded in 1979 by husband and wife Joe and Sylvia Robinson with Milton Malden and funding from Morris Levy, the owner of Roulette Records.", "Q57505": "Franz Josef Jung (born 5 March 1949) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He became Federal Minister of Defence in the Grand coalition cabinet of Angela Merkel on 22 November 2005. In October 2009 he became Minister of Labour and Social Affairs but resigned a month later.", "Q209349": "Nicomedia (; Greek: \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, Nikomedeia; modern \u0130zmit) was an ancient Greek city in Turkey. The city was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the victory of Sultan Orhan Gazi against the Eastern Roman Empire. In 286 Nicomedia became the eastern and most senior capital city of the Roman Empire (chosen by Diocletian who assumed the title Augustus of the East), a status which the city maintained during the Tetrarchy system (293\u2013324). \nThe Tetrarchy ended with the Battle of Chrysopolis (\u00dcsk\u00fcdar) in 324, when Constantine defeated Licinius and became the sole emperor. In 330 Constantine chose for himself the nearby Byzantium (which was renamed Constantinople, modern Istanbul) as the new capital of the Roman Empire.", "Q6706991": "Lw\u00f3w Scientific Society (Polish: Towarzystwo Naukowe we Lwowie) was a Polish learned society founded in 1901 in Lw\u00f3w by Oswald Balzer as the Association of Support of Polish Sciences. In 1920, the name was changed into Lw\u00f3w Scientific Society, and after World War II, when the city of Lw\u00f3w was annexed by the Soviet Union, the Society was moved to Wroc\u0142aw, where it exists under the name Wroc\u0142aw Scientific Society.\nThe Society was the most important of the scientific organizations of Lw\u00f3w. Its purpose was development and progress of sciences in all areas of human knowledge. It was divided into three departments:\n\nphilological,\nhistorical-philosophical,\nmathematical-natural.Also, there was a section of history of arts and culture.\nEvery year in June, a general meeting was called in which the director and secretary general made a report on Society\u2019s activities. It was financed by the Polish government as well as its own foundation and private donors. Members of the Society were divided into active and adopted, most of them were professors of Lw\u00f3w\u2019s colleges. In 1927, the Society was directed by Oswald Balzer, and the deputy was W\u0142adys\u0142aw Abraham.\nAmong members of the Society were such renowned names as Jan Baudouin de Courtenay, Aleksander Bruckner, Stefan Banach, Henryk Arctowski, Benedykt Dybowski, Hugo Steinhaus and Rudolf Weigl.", "Q406": "Istanbul (, also US: ; Turkish: \u0130stanbul [is\u02c8tanbu\u026b] (listen)), formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural and historic center. Istanbul is a transcontinental city in Eurasia, straddling the Bosporus strait (which separates Europe and Asia) between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives in suburbs on the Asian side of the Bosporus. With a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities, ranking as the world's fifth-largest city proper and the largest city in Europe. The city is the administrative centre of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (coterminous with Istanbul Province).\nFounded under the name of Byzantion (\u0392\u03c5\u03b6\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd) on the Sarayburnu promontory around 660 BCE, the city grew in size and influence, becoming one of the most important cities in history. After its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 CE, it served as an imperial capital for almost sixteen centuries, during the Roman/Byzantine (330\u20131204), Latin (1204\u20131261), Palaiologos Byzantine (1261\u20131453) and Ottoman (1453\u20131922) empires. It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times, before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 CE and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold and the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate. Under the name Constantinople it was the Ottoman capital until 1923. The capital was then moved to Ankara and the city was renamed Istanbul.\nThe city held the strategic position between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. It was also on the historic Silk Road. It controlled rail networks between the Balkans and the Middle East and was the only sea route between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. In 1923, after the Turkish War of Independence, Ankara was chosen as the new Turkish capital, and the city's name was changed to Istanbul. Nevertheless, the city maintained its prominence in geopolitical and cultural affairs. The population of the city has increased tenfold since the 1950s, as migrants from across Anatolia have moved in and city limits have expanded to accommodate them. Arts, music, film, and cultural festivals were established towards the end of the 20th century and continue to be hosted by the city today. Infrastructure improvements have produced a complex transportation network in the city.\nOver 12 million foreign visitors came to Istanbul in 2015, five years after it was named a European Capital of Culture, making the city the world's fifth most popular tourist destination. The city's biggest attraction is its historic center, partially listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and its cultural and entertainment hub is across the city's natural harbor, the Golden Horn, in the Beyo\u011flu district. Considered a global city, it hosts the headquarters of many Turkish companies and media outlets and accounts for more than a quarter of the country's gross domestic product. Hoping to capitalize on its revitalization and rapid expansion, Istanbul has bid for the Summer Olympics five times in twenty years.", "Q47716": "Charleston is the largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The city is the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston\u2013North Charleston\u2013Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley, Cooper, and Wando rivers. Charleston had an estimated population of 136,208 in 2018. The estimated population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was 802,122 residents as of July 1, 2019, the third-largest in the state and the 74th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.\nCharleston was founded in 1670 as Charles Town, honoring King Charles II of England. Its initial location at Albemarle Point on the west bank of the Ashley River (now Charles Towne Landing) was abandoned in 1680 for its present site, which became the fifth-largest city in North America within ten years. One of the key cities in the British colonization of the Americas, Charles Town played a major role in the slave trade, which laid the foundation for the city's size and wealth, and was dominated by a slavocracy of plantation owners and slave traders. Independent Charleston slave traders like Joseph Wragg were the first to break through the monopoly of the Royal African Company, pioneering the large-scale slave trade of the 18th century. Historians estimate that \"nearly half of all Africans brought to America arrived in Charleston\", most at Gadsden's Wharf. Despite its size, it remained unincorporated throughout the colonial period; its government was handled directly by a colonial legislature and a governor sent by London, England. Election districts were organized according to Anglican parishes, and some social services were managed by Anglican wardens and vestries. Charleston adopted its present spelling with its incorporation as a city in 1783 at the close of the Revolutionary War. Population growth in the interior of South Carolina influenced the removal of the state government to Columbia in 1788, but the port city remained among the ten largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census. The only major antebellum American city to have a majority-enslaved population, Charleston was controlled by an oligarchy of white planters and merchants who successfully forced the federal government to revise its 1828 and 1832 tariffs during the Nullification Crisis and launched the Civil War in 1861 by seizing the Arsenal, Castle Pinckney, and Fort Sumter from their federal garrisons. In 2018, the city formally apologized for its role in the American Slave trade after CNN noted that slavery \"riddles the history\" of Charleston.Known for its strong tourism industry, in 2016 Travel + Leisure Magazine ranked Charleston as the best city in the world. The magazine has ranked Charleston the best city in the U.S. perpetually over the last few decades.", "Q345625": "Linas Antanas Linkevi\u010dius (born 6 January 1961) is a Lithuanian politician of the Social Democratic Party.\n\n", "Q322866": "Dirk, Knight Bross\u00e9 (born 18 February 1960, Ghent) is a Belgian conductor and composer. He has composed over 200 works, including concerti, oratorios, lieder, chamber music and symphonic works. Bross\u00e9 has also composed extensively for stage, cinema, television. His score for the BBC/HBO series Parade's End (2012) was nominated for an Emmy Award. Dirk Bross\u00e9 is currently Music Director of the Chamber Orchestra of Philadelphia and of the Ghent Film Festival. John Williams chose him as Principal Conductor of the Star Wars in Concert World Tour. Bross\u00e9 is also professor of composition and conducting at the Royal Conservatory of Ghent. Dirk Bross\u00e9 has conducted international orchestras, both at home and abroad. Amongst them, the London Symphony Orchestra, London Philharmonic Orchestra, Royal Philharmonic, Vancouver Opera, Op\u00e9ra National de Lyon, BBC Concert Orchestra, Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra, Orchestre de la Suisse Romande and the Pilharmonic Orchestras of Brussels, Antwerp, Rotterdam, Basel, Madrid, Porto, Birmingham, Ulster, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Seoul, Queensland, St Petersburg, Los Angeles and Boston. In 2008, he made his first appearance at the Royal Albert Hall in London, conducting the London Symphony Orchestra. In 2010, at the request of the Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra, he wrote The Hallow-e'en Dances. This Halloween-inspired work is especially written for age-old, traditional Chinese instruments. Bross\u00e9 recently composed Haiku Cycle 1, written for Jessye Norman and based on Haiku by Herman Van Rompuy.\nHe has made more than 70 CD recordings and has collaborated with artists such as Jos\u00e9 Van Dam, Barbara Hendricks, Julia Migenes, Claron McFadden, Julian Lloyd Webber, Sabine Meyer, Alison Balsom, Salvatore Accardo, John Williams, Toots Thielemans, Hans Zimmer, Elmer Bernstein, Emma Thompson, Kenneth Branagh, Randy Crawford, Lisa Gerrard, Marcel Khalife, Mel Brooks, Maurane, Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor, Maurice Jarre, Michel Legrand and Youssou N'Dour. Dirk Bross\u00e9 has worked with directors Stijn Coninx, Frank Van Laecke, Susanna White and Roland Joff\u00e9, and with writers Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Seth Gaaikema and Didier Van Cauwelaert.\nDirk Bross\u00e9 has been awarded the title Cultural Ambassador of Flanders, the Flemish Parliament's Gold Medal for Merit, the Achille Van Acker Prize, the Joseph Plateau Honorary Award and the Global Thinkers Forum Award for Excellence in Cultural Creativity. In 2010, Dirk Bross\u00e9 was made an honorary citizen of Destelbergen. In 2013, he was elevated to Belgium's hereditary nobility, with the personal title of Ridder.", "Q313463": "Steven Chadwick McQueen (born July 13, 1988), known professionally as Steven R. McQueen, is an American actor and model known for his role as Jeremy Gilbert in The CW fantasy drama The Vampire Diaries from 2009 to 2015 and in 2017. He starred as Jimmy Borelli in the NBC drama Chicago Fire from 2015 to 2016.", "Q1064330": "Charles Felton Scott (September 19, 1864 in Athens, Ohio \u2013 December 17, 1944) was an electrical engineer, professor at Yale University and known for the Scott connection.He graduated from Ohio State University in 1885 and went on to graduate study at Johns Hopkins University. Scott joined the engineering staff of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company in Pittsburgh, PA, in 1888. He assisted the inventor Nikola Tesla with his work on the alternating-current induction motor. Scott also carried out experimental high voltage transmission line work at Telluride, Colorado with Ralph D. Mershon.\nHe was president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE later IEEE). He received the 1929 AIEE Edison Medal.\n\n", "Q123518": "Nicolas Bouvier (March 6, 1929 in Lancy \u2013 February 17, 1998) was a 20th-century Swiss traveller, writer, picture editor and photographer. He studied in Geneva in the 1950s and lived there later between his travels.", "Q2460829": "Turki (II) bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e, Turk\u012b \u1e6f-\u1e6e\u0101n\u012b bin \u02bfAbd al-\u02bfAz\u012bz \u02bf\u0100l Sa\u02bf\u016bd) (1934 \u2013 11 November 2016) was a member of the House of Saud.", "Q85457": "Erich Graf von Kielmansegg (13 February 1847 \u2013 5 February 1923) was an Austrian statesman. He served as stadtholder of Lower Austria and short time Cisleithanian Minister-President of Austria-Hungary in 1895.", "Q17135": "Soong Mei-ling or, legally, Soong May-ling (Chinese: \u5b8b\u7f8e\u9f61; pinyin: S\u00f2ng M\u011bil\u00edng; March 5, 1898 \u2013 October 23, 2003), also known as Madame Chiang Kai-shek or Madame Chiang, was a Chinese political figure who was First Lady of the Republic of China, the wife of Generalissimo and President Chiang Kai-shek. Soong played a prominent role in the politics of the Republic of China and was the sister-in-law of Sun Yat-sen, the founder and the leader of the Republic of China. She was active in the civic life of her country and held many honorary and active positions, including chairwoman of Fu Jen Catholic University. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, she rallied her people against the Japanese invasion; and in 1943 conducted an eight-month speaking tour of the United States of America to gain support. Her life traversed three centuries.", "Q623031": "Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer and primary hepatic cancer, is cancer that starts in the liver. Cancer which has spread from elsewhere to the liver, known as liver metastasis, is more common than that which starts in the liver. Symptoms of liver cancer may include a lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage, swelling of the abdomen, yellowish skin, easy bruising, weight loss and weakness.The leading cause of liver cancer is cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C or alcohol. Other causes include aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver flukes. The most common types are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which makes up 80% of cases, and cholangiocarcinoma. Less common types include mucinous cystic neoplasm and intraductal papillary biliary neoplasm. The diagnosis may be supported by blood tests and medical imaging, with confirmation by tissue biopsy.Preventive efforts include immunization against hepatitis B and treating those infected with hepatitis B or C. Screening is recommended in those with chronic liver disease. Treatment options may include surgery, targeted therapy and radiation therapy. In certain cases, ablation therapy, embolization therapy or liver transplantation may be used. Small lumps in the liver may be closely followed.Primary liver cancer is globally the sixth-most frequent cancer (6%) and the second-leading cause of death from cancer (9%). In 2018, it occurred in 841,000 people and resulted in 782,000 deaths. In 2015, 263,000 deaths from liver cancer were due to hepatitis B, 245,000 to alcohol and 167,000 to hepatitis C. Higher rates of liver cancer occur where hepatitis B and C are common, including Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Males are more often affected with HCC than females. Diagnosis is most frequent among those 55 to 65 years old. Five-year survival rate is 18.4 % in the United States, and 40.4% in Japan. The word \"hepatic\" is from the Greek h\u00eapar, meaning \"liver\".", "Q5364": "Anton Polenec (7 October 1910 \u2013 30 October 2000) was a Slovene zoologist and specialist arachnologist.Polenec was born in Pu\u0161tal near \u0160kofja Loka in 1910. He studied at the University of Ljubljana and later taught zoology and was head of the Natural History Museum of Slovenia from 1955 to 1980. He studied and described over 500 species of spiders including a new genus Centrophantes. The spider genus Polenecia is named after Polenec.Apart from scientific contributions he also wrote numerous popular science books for young readers and won the Levstik Award twice, in 1950 for his book Iz \u017eivljenja \u017eu\u017eelk (The Lives of Insects) and in 1952 for Iz \u017eivljenja pajkov (The Life of Spiders).", "Q322872": "The Last Train (German: Der letzte Zug) is a 2006 German film directed by Joseph Vilsmaier and Dana V\u00e1vrov\u00e1, and starring Gedeon Burkhard, Lale Yavas, and Lena Beyerling. \nThe film depicts the fate of some of the last remaining Jews in Berlin, who in April 1943 were rounded up at the Berlin-Grunewald station and sent to the Nazi concentration camp at Auschwitz. The film stands out due to its proximity as well as the unsparing realism with which the brutality of a transport to the Auschwitz concentration camp appears.", "Q95644": "Manfred Ewald (May 17, 1926 \u2013 October 21, 2002) served as German Democratic Republic's (GDR) Minister of Sport (1961\u20131988) and president of his country's Olympic committee (1973\u20131990). He was convicted for his role in the state-sponsored system of the use of illicit performance-enhancing drugs that increased East Germany's Olympic successes from 1972\u20131988.", "Q2863003": "ABCANZ Armies (formally, the American, British, Canadian, Australian and New Zealand Armies' Program) is a program aimed at optimizing interoperability and standardization of training and equipment between the armies of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, plus the United States Marine Corps and the Royal Marines. Established in 1947 as a means to capitalize on close cooperation between the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada during World War II, the program grew to include Australia (in 1963) and New Zealand (as an observer from 1965, with full membership in 2006).", "Q151830": "Melanie Jayne Chisholm (born 12 January 1974), known professionally as Melanie C or Mel C, is an English singer, songwriter, entrepreneur, actress and television personality. She is one of the five members of the Spice Girls, in which she was nicknamed Sporty Spice.\nSince 1996, Chisholm has sold more than 105 million records, including 85 million copies with the group, and 20 million solo albums, singles and collaborations, and has earned over 325 worldwide certifications (with numerous diamonds), including 40 silver, gold and platinum certifications as a solo artist.\nShe rose to fame in 1996, releasing, in two years with the Spice Girls, two consecutive number one albums, eight number one singles from nine worldwide hits, the biggest-selling debut single of all time and the biggest-selling album in music history by a girl group, respectively with \"Wannabe\" atop in 37 countries with over seven million records, and Spice, which peaked at number one in more than 17 countries across the world, with over 31 million copies, as well as the second album Spiceworld with more than 20 million copies sold.. Melanie C is known for her unique vocal prowess that helped shoot the Spice Girls to international stardom.Chisholm began her solo career in late 1998 by singing with Canadian rock singer Bryan Adams, and her solo debut album Northern Star was released in 1999, reaching number 1 in Sweden and number 4 on the UK Albums Chart. It was certified internationally with seven platinum and three gold certifications, including triple-Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry, selling over 4 million copies worldwide, and becoming the best selling solo album of any Spice Girls member.After her second album, Gold certified in UK, Reason, with more than 500,000 copies, Chisholm, in 2004, parted from Virgin and founded her own record company, Red Girl Records. Beautiful Intentions, her third album, in 2005, spent 9 weeks at number 1 in Portugal and spawned international hit singles, selling over 1.5 million copies worldwide with several international certications. The fourth studio album, This Time, was released in 2007, became her first top 10 album in Switzerland where was certified Gold. Of the five singles released from the album, the first three went to number 1 in Portugal. In December, Chisholm reunited with the Spice Girls to release a greatest hits album supported by a world tour. She released her fifth solo album, The Sea, in 2011, her first EP The Night on in 2012, the sixth studio album Stages, in 2012, and seventh album, Version of Me (2016), which charted at number one in Brasil.\nHer biggest hits are \"When You're Gone\", \"Northern Star\", \"Never Be the Same Again\", \"I Turn to You\", \"Here It Comes Again\", \"Next Best Superstar\", \"First Day of My Life\" and \"The Moment You Believe\", to which must be added all the hits with the band.\nHaving co-written 11 UK Number 1s, more than any other female artist in chart history, she remains the only female performer to top the charts as a solo artist, as part of a duo, quartet and quintet. With 12 UK Number 1 singles, including the charity single as part of The Justice Collective, she is the second female artist \u2013 and the first British female artist \u2013 with most singles at number 1 in the United Kingdom, and with a total of 14 songs that have received the number 1 in Britain (including the double A-sides), Chisholm is the female artist with most songs at number 1 in the UK ranking history. Her work has earned her several awards and nominations, including a Guinness Book mention, three World Music Awards, five Brit Awards from 10 nominations, three American Music Awards, four Billboard Music Awards from six nomination, eight Billboard special awards, three MTV Europe Music Awards from seven nominations, one MTV Video Music Awards from two nomination, ten ASCAP awards, one Juno Award from two nominations, and four nominations at the Echo Awards.", "Q33083": "Marie-Jeanne L'H\u00e9ritier de Villandon (12 November 1664 \u2013 24 February 1734) was an aristocratic French writer and salonni\u00e8re of the late 17th century, and a niece of Charles Perrault.She published three fairy tales early in her career. Although she wrote few thereafter, she marked the beginning of the fairy tale vogue among the Pr\u00e9cieuses, publishing her first tale a year before her uncle, the famed author of Les Contes de ma M\u00e8re l\u2019Oye (Tales of Mother Goose) in 1696. A great friend and prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Madeleine de Scud\u00e9ry, L'H\u00e9ritier's participation in the fairy tale genre reflected her involvement in the salon scene, as she and so many of her friends and fellow salonni\u00e8res, such as Madame d'Aulnoy and Henriette-Julie de Murat, were monumental in the inception of the fairy tale genre, along with her esteemed uncle. She inherited Scud\u00e9ry's salon upon her death in 1701.", "Q25839": "Birol \u00dcnel (born 18 August 1961) is a German actor of Turkish descent. He has acted in a number of German and Turkish films, TV series and theatrical productions.\n\u00dcnel was born in Mersin in southern Turkey. In 1968, his family moved to Brinkum near Bremen in Germany. He studied acting at Hanover Conservatory.\n\u00dcnel began as a theatre actor at the Berliner Tacheles where he played the lead and also directed the play \"Caligula\". \u00dcnel made his film debut in 1988's The Passenger. He played a private detective in the film Dealer which he followed up with a role in Fatih Ak\u0131n's Im Juli. Birol then acted in the award winning Gegen die Wand as Cahit Tomruk. He won the German film prize for best actor for this role.\nHis latest films have been Transylvania, Seven Heroes and Soul Kitchen. \u00dcnel also acted in the hit Turkish film H\u0131rs\u0131z var! in 2005.", "Q744900": "Renato Olivieri (4 August 1925 \u2013 8 February 2013) was an Italian novelist and journalist.\nBorn in 1925 in Sanguinetto, Verona, Olivieri spent his childhood in Turin and at 14 he moved to Milan, where he lived until his death in 2013. A professional journalist, he directed several magazines for the editor Mondadori. He debuted as a writer in 1978, with the giallo-noir novel Il caso Kodra (The Kodra Case); the main character of the novel, the Inspector Ambrosio, became in a short time one of the most famous detectives in Italian literature, with a total of 15 novels about his investigations written by Olivieri between 1978 and 1998. A film based on the character, Days of Inspector Ambrosio, was released in 1988, with Ugo Tognazzi in the title role.", "Q351644": "Adamo Boari (October 22, 1863 \u2013 February 24, 1928) was an Italian Art Nouveau and Art Deco civil engineer and architect, he had a very active career in Mexico and he is known for the construction of notable Historicist architectural works in this country.", "Q450073": "Philadelphia Experiment II (also known as Philadelphia Experiment 2) is a 1993 science fiction film. It is the sequel to The Philadelphia Experiment (1984), but has none of that film's cast members and only two of the same characters. It stars Brad Johnson as David Herdeg (the hero from the first film) and Gerrit Graham in a dual role as both the main villain and his father.", "Q52469": "Richard Paull Goldin (born January 5, 1965) is an American actor, producer, director and television personality. He is known for his roles in daytime drama as Jake Martin in ABC's All My Children. In May 2013, Goldin joined the cast of the CBS's The Bold and the Beautiful. Goldin also hosts the HGTV series Spontaneous Construction, which premiered on the network on February 15, 2013.", "Q166044": "Mario Caserini (26 February 1874 \u2013 17 November 1920) was an Italian film director, as well as an actor, screenwriter, and early pioneer of film making in the early portion of the 20th century. Caserini was born in Rome, Italy, and was married to early 20th-century Italian actress Maria Caserini. His 1906 film Otello is believed to be the earliest film adaptation of the William Shakespeare play Othello.", "Q88173": "Johannes Brandt (1884\u20131955) was an Austrian screenwriter and film director.", "Q7361618": "Roman Catholic is a term sometimes used to differentiate members of the Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope in Rome from other Christians who also self-identify as \"Catholic\". It is also sometimes used to differentiate adherents to the Latin Church and its Roman rite from other Catholics, i.e. adherents of the Eastern Catholic Churches of various Eastern rites. It is not the official name preferred by the Holy See or bishops in full communion with the Pope as a designation for their faith or institution.\"Catholic\" is one of the Four Marks of the Church set out in the Nicene Creed, a statement of belief widely accepted across Christian denominations. Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox consider the term to refer to a single institutional one true church, while Protestant ecclesiology considers it to refer to a church invisible referred to as the Christian Church.\nFollowing the pejorative term \"papist\", attested in English since 1534, the terms \"Popish Catholic\" and \"Romish Catholic\" came into use during the Protestant Reformation. From the 17th century, \"Roman Catholic Church\" has been used as a synonym for the Catholic Church by some Anglicans and other Protestants in English-speaking countries.Formulations such as the \"Holy Roman Church\" or the \"Roman Catholic Church\" have occurred by officials of the Catholic Church before and after the Reformation. While it typically refers to the Diocese of Rome, such as in Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, it has also occurred in the context of ecumenical dialogue with dialogue partners preferring this usage. The first known occurrence of \"Roman Catholic\" as a synonym for \"Catholic Church\" was in communication with the Armenian Apostolic Church in 1208, after the East\u2013West Schism. However, the last official magisterium document to use \"Roman Catholic Church\" was issued by Pope Pius XII in 1950.The use of \"Catholic Church\" is officially used by the Holy See. It is applied in the Catechism of the Catholic Church (1990), the Code of Canon Law (1983), in the documents of the Second Vatican Council (1962\u20131965), the First Vatican Council (1869\u20131870) and the Council of Trent (1545\u20131563), and numerous other official documents. \"Catholic Church\" and \"Catholic(s)\" is also broadly reflected in most English-language academia and media.", "Q156187": "Frederick V (Danish and Norwegian: Frederik; 31 March 1723 \u2013 14 January 1766) was king of Denmark\u2013Norway and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein from 1746 until his death. He was the son of Christian VI of Denmark and Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach.", "Q467807": "The Magical Legend of the Leprechauns is a 1999 Hallmark Entertainment made-for-TV fantasy movie that was originally broadcast on NBC. It stars Randy Quaid, Colm Meaney, Kieran Culkin, Roger Daltrey, Caroline Carver and Whoopi Goldberg. The film contains two main stories that eventually intertwine: the first being the story of an American businessman who visits Ireland and encounters magical leprechauns and the second, a story of a pair of star-crossed lovers who happen to be a fairy and a leprechaun, belonging to opposing sides of a magical war. It contains many references to Romeo and Juliet such as two lovers taking poison and feuding clans.\nEmma Townshend's song \"We Can Fly Away\" was the theme song for the film.", "Q4889032": "Elijah Abel, or Able (July 25, 1808 \u2013 December 25, 1884) was one of the earliest African-American members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He is considered by many to have been the first African-American elder and seventy in the Latter Day Saint movement. Abel, although predominantly of Scotch and English descent, appears by his African heritage to have been the first and one of the few black members in the early history of the church to have received the priesthood. And it was his distinction to be the faith's first missionary to have descended in part through African bloodline. But in 1849, Brigham Young declared all African-Americans ineligible to hold the priesthood and Abel's claim to priesthood right was also challenged. As a skilled carpenter, Abel often committed his services to the furthering of the work and to the building of LDS temples. He died in 1884, shortly after serving a final mission for the church (in his lifetime he officially served three) to Cincinnati, Ohio.", "Q147934": "Jelenia G\u00f3ra ([j\u025b\u02c8l\u025b\u0272a \u02c8\u0261ura] (listen); German: Hirschberg im Riesengebirge; Exonym: Deer Mountain; Silesian: Jely\u0144o G\u016fra) is a city in Lower Silesia, south-western Poland. Jelenia G\u00f3ra is located within the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, close to the Krkono\u0161e mountain range running along the Polish-Czech border \u2013 ski resorts such as Karpacz and Szklarska Por\u0119ba are situated 10 to 15 kilometres (6 to 9 miles) from the town. The city constitutes a separate urban gmina and city county, as well as being the seat of surrounding Jelenia G\u00f3ra County. In 2018 the population of Jelenia G\u00f3ra was 79,480. The area, including the oldest spa district of Cieplice \u015al\u0105skie-Zdr\u00f3j, is one of the most valued recreational and leisure spots in Poland.The town's history dates back to as early as the 10th century, but the settlement was granted town rights under Polish rule in 1288. Jelenia G\u00f3ra was founded on important trade routes linking the Holy Roman Empire and Bohemia with Eastern Europe. The region flourished as a result of trade privileges that became the basis for the establishment of weaving and mining industries during the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance periods. Jelenia G\u00f3ra witnessed many historical conflicts such as the Thirty Years' War and the decisive Silesian Wars. During World War II, the town miraculously was saved from destruction. \nThe central suburb of Jelenia G\u00f3ra possesses many historical and architectural structures of great significance, including the 17th-century Town Hall, baroque churches and a restored central marketplace as well as parks and gardens. The name of the town translates to Deer Mountain in Polish and the original German name due to its geographical and topographical location. The nearby Karkonosze National Park, visited by over 1.5 million tourists annually, has its headquarters in Jelenia G\u00f3ra.", "Q366956": "Robert Montgomery (; born Henry Montgomery Jr.; May 21, 1904 \u2013 September 27, 1981) was an American film and television actor, director, and producer. He was also the father of actress Elizabeth Montgomery. He began his acting career on the stage, but was soon hired by MGM. Initially assigned roles in comedies, he soon proved he was able to handle dramatic ones as well. During World War II, he drove ambulances in France until the Dunkirk evacuation. When the United States entered the war on December 8, 1941, he enlisted in the Navy, and was present at the invasion at Normandy. After the war, he returned to Hollywood, where he worked in both films and, later, in television.", "Q459057": "Monster is a 2003 biographical crime drama film written and directed by Patty Jenkins. The film is about serial killer Aileen Wuornos, a former street prostitute who murdered seven of her male clients between 1989 and 1990 and was executed in Florida in 2002. Charlize Theron produced the film and played the role of Aileen Wuornos; Christina Ricci played her semi-fictionalized lover, Selby Wall (based on Wuornos's real-life girlfriend Tyria Moore).\nMonster had its world premiere at the AFI Fest on November 16, 2003. On February 8, 2004, the film was presented in the main competition section of the 54th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Bear for Best Actress (Charlize Theron). The film was released in the United States on December 24, 2003, by Newmarket Films and on April 15, 2004, in Germany. Monster received positive reviews from critics and achieved box office success, grossing $60.4 million on an $8 million budget.\nThe film received numerous awards and nominations, in particular for Theron's role, including the Academy Award for Best Actress, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture \u2013 Drama, the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Lead Actress, the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress, the Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead, and also the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature (Patty Jenkins). Theron's acting has received critical acclaim; film critic Roger Ebert called Theron's role \"one of the greatest performances in the history of the cinema\". The film was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the top ten films of 2003.", "Q469194": "Rebecca \"Becky\" Anderson (born 15 November 1967 in Manchester, England) is a British journalist, and the anchor of CNN International's flagship news and current affairs primetime news program Connect the World. She previously hosted Business International.", "Q75968": "Joseph Wittig (January 22, 1879 \u2013 August 22, 1949) was a German theologian and writer born in Neusorge, a village in the district of Neurode, Silesia.\nIn 1903 he received his doctorate of theology from the University of Breslau, and was ordained a priest by Cardinal Georg von Kopp (1837-1914). Subsequently, he worked as a chaplain in Lauban, and from 1904 studied Christian art and architecture in Rome as a member of the German Archaeological Institute. In the meantime, he took part in a study trip to North Africa. being accompanied by theologian Franz Joseph D\u00f6lger (1879-1940). After returning to Germany, he served as a chaplain in Patschkau, followed by similar duties in Breslau.\nIn 1911 Wittig became an associate professor of church history and Christian archaeology, and in 1915 was a full professor of patrology, church history and Christian art at the theological faculty of the University of Breslau. In 1917-18 he attained the office of dean at the university.\nWittig is remembered for his work as a religious reformer at Breslau. His theological and literary ideas often placed him at odds with Catholic Church hierarchy. In 1922 he was the author of Die Erl\u00f6sten (The Redeemed), an article that was openly critical of church dogma, and in 1925 published a book that was an historical reconstruction of the life of Jesus Christ. This latter work, Leben Jesu in Pal\u00e4stina, Schlesien und anderswo, was placed on the Church's index of banned books. In 1926 Wittig was excommunicated from the Church, and forced to resign his teaching position at Breslau. It wouldn't be until 1946 that he was able to receive official reconciliation with Church hierarchy.\nFollowing his excommunication, he returned to Neusorge as a private scholar and writer. Here he was the author of numerous popular stories as well as religious-themed works. During this time period, he also worked as a chronicler in the district of Neurode.\nWith philosopher Martin Buber (1878-1965) and physiologist Viktor von Weizs\u00e4cker (1886-1957), he was co-editor of the magazine Die Kreatur, which was founded by Hans Ehrenberg and Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy.", "Q685190": "Hellhammer was a Swiss extreme metal band from Nurensdorf, active during 1982\u20131984. They are regarded as a key influence on black metal. In June 1984, Hellhammer disbanded and founded another highly influential band, Celtic Frost.", "Q436490": "Tim Kincaid (born July 2, 1944) is an American film director, film writer and film producer often credited as Joe Gage or Mac Larson.\nKincaid is well known for having directed several science fiction/horror films in the mid-eighties: Breeders, Mutant Hunt, and the now infamous Robot Holocaust, the latter featured in an episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000 and released on Blu-ray by DiabolikDVD.", "Q156839": "A cook is a profession for individuals who prepare food for consumption in the food industry in settings such as restaurants. A cook is sometimes referred to as a chef, although in the culinary world, the terms are not interchangeable. Cooks' responsibilities include preparing food, managing food stations, cleaning the kitchen, and helping the chefs. Restaurants will give a title to the cooks according to their designated stations. Examples are broiler cooks, fry cooks, pantry cooks, and sauce cooks.", "Q351122": "Oliver Robert Gurney (28 January 1911 \u2013 11 January 2001) was an English Assyriologist from the Gurney family and a leading scholar of the Hittites.", "Q977723": "William Henry Pope (1825\u20131879) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, journalist, judge and one of the Fathers of Confederation.\nHe was born in Bedeque, P.E.I.(Prince Edward Island), the son of Joseph Pope and Lucy Colledge. He was educated in England, but returned to Charlottetown where he studied law at the office of Edward Palmer. He became a lawyer in 1847. The editor of Prince Edward Island's main Tory newspaper, The Islander, from 1859 to 1872, he entered politics in 1863.\nHe was named Colonial Secretary in 1859 even though he was not a part of the legislature because of a government experiment of having civil servants head the government departments. When he became a representative for the constituency of Belfast in 1863, he continued to hold that position. He was one of the hosts of the Charlottetown Conference in 1864.\nAn enthusiastic supporter of Canadian Confederation, he left the PEI cabinet in 1864 when the government rejected Confederation outright, but continued to press for union. The allocation of land was a key issue for Islanders in the 1860s; Pope opposed the idea of escheat, a common idea at the time. After this was accomplished in 1873 under the leadership of his brother, PEI Premier James Colledge Pope, he was appointed a county court judge. His son, Joseph Pope, became the private secretary to Canada's first Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald and later wrote his biography The Day of Sir John Macdonald\nArdgowan, Pope's residence, was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1966. During the Charlottetown Conference, the Popes billetted George Brown and hosted a luncheon for delegates at Ardgowan.\nPope was a Freemason of Victoria Lodge No. 383 (Scotland).", "Q86638": "Friedrich Anton Maria Hubertus Bonifacius Graf von Ledebur-Wicheln ((1900-06-03)June 3, 1900 \u2013 (1986-12-25)December 25, 1986) was an actor who was known for Moby Dick (1956), Alexander the Great (1955) and Slaughterhouse-Five (1972).", "Q310618": "Glenn Lee Beck (born February 10, 1964) is an American conservative political commentator, radio host, and television producer. He is the CEO, founder, and owner of Mercury Radio Arts, the parent company of his television and radio network TheBlaze. He hosts the Glenn Beck Radio Program, a popular talk-radio show nationally syndicated on Premiere Radio Networks. Beck also hosts the Glenn Beck television program, which ran from January 2006 to October 2008 on HLN, from January 2009 to June 2011 on the Fox News Channel and currently airs on TheBlaze. Beck has authored six New York Times\u2013bestselling books.In April 2011, Beck announced that he would \"transition off of his daily program\" on Fox News, but would continue to team with Fox. Beck's last daily show on the network was June 30, 2011. In 2012, The Hollywood Reporter named Beck on its Digital Power Fifty list. Beck launched TheBlaze in 2011 after leaving Fox News. He currently hosts an hour-long afternoon program, The Glenn Beck Program, on weekdays, and a three-hour morning radio show; both are broadcast on TheBlaze. Beck is also the producer of For the Record on TheBlaze.During Barack Obama's presidency, Beck promoted numerous falsehoods and conspiracy theories about Obama, his administration, George Soros, and others.", "Q55460": "Ferzan \u00d6zpetek (born 3 February 1959) is a Turkish-Italian film director and screenwriter, residing in Italy.", "Q99718": "Hartmut Gr\u00fcndler (11 January 1930 \u2013 21 November 1977) was a German teacher from T\u00fcbingen, engaged in environmental protection, who burned himself out of protest against the misinformation in the atomic policy of the German Federal Government at that time, which were documented by him, but officially never taken back, and the denial of the relevant dialogue with Federal Chancellor Helmut Schmidt.", "Q160353": "Theodosius II (Latin: Flavius Theodosius Junior Augustus; Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u02b9; 10 April 401 \u2013 28 July 450), commonly surnamed Theodosius the Younger, or Theodosius the Calligrapher, was the Eastern Roman Emperor for most of his life, taking the throne as an infant in 402 and ruling as the Eastern Empire's sole emperor after the death of his father Arcadius in 408. He is mostly known for promulgating the Theodosian law code, and for the construction of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople. He also presided over the outbreak of two great Christological controversies, Nestorianism and Eutychianism.", "Q64865": "Bischofszell is a village and a municipality in Weinfelden District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district. In 1987, the city was awarded the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage. So was its neighboring city Hauptwil-Gottshaus in 1999.", "Q95122": "Migliarino is a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Fiscaglia in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Bologna and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Ferrara.", "Q21158994": "Hollywood Vampires is an American rock supergroup formed in 2015 by Alice Cooper, Johnny Depp, and Joe Perry to honor the music of the rock stars who died from excess in the 1970s. The band name derives from The Hollywood Vampires, a celebrity drinking club formed by Cooper in the 1970s which included but was not limited to: John Lennon and Ringo Starr of The Beatles, Keith Moon of The Who, and Micky Dolenz of The Monkees. Touring members include or have included Duff McKagan and Matt Sorum of Guns N' Roses fame, as well as Robert DeLeo from Stone Temple Pilots.\nThe band has released two studio albums, featuring guest appearances by Paul McCartney, Dave Grohl, Joe Walsh, and Christopher Lee among others. Cooper and Perry have discussed plans for a future live album, stating that Depp's schedule works differently than theirs.", "Q454573": "Marc Steven Bell (born July 15, 1952), known professionally as Marky Ramone, is an American musician. He was the drummer of the punk rock band the Ramones, from May 1978 until February 1983, and August 1987 until August 1996. He has also played in other notable bands, Dust, Estus, Richard Hell and the Voidoids and Misfits.\nIn 2015 Marky released his autobiography Punk Rock Blitzkrieg: My Life as a Ramone.He lives in Brooklyn Heights with his wife, Marion Flynn.", "Q355344": "William Dwight Schultz (born November 24, 1947) is an American actor and voice actor. He is known for his roles as Captain \"Howling Mad\" Murdock on the 1980s action series The A-Team and as Reginald Barclay in Star Trek: The Next Generation, Star Trek: Voyager, and the film Star Trek: First Contact. He is also known in animation as the mad scientist Dr. Animo in the Ben 10 series, Chef Mung Daal in the children's animated series Chowder, and Eddie the Squirrel in CatDog.", "Q313311": "Brian Austin Green (born Brian Green; July 15, 1973) is an American actor and producer best known for his portrayal of David Silver on the television series Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990\u20132000). Green was also a series regular on Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles, Freddie, Wedding Band, and Anger Management.", "Q208725": "Bat Yam (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05ea \u05d9\u05b8\u05dd or \u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05ea\u05be\u05d9\u05b8\u05dd (audio) ) is a city located on Israel's Mediterranean Sea coast, on the central coastal strip, just south of Tel Aviv. Part of the Gush Dan metropolitan area in Tel Aviv District, the city had a population of 128,774 in 2018.", "Q728170": "Exodus is an American thrash metal band formed in 1979 in Richmond, California. They have gone through numerous lineup changes, two extended hiatuses, and the deaths of two former band members. Their current lineup consists of guitarists Gary Holt and Lee Altus, bassist Jack Gibson, drummer Tom Hunting, and lead vocalist Steve \"Zetro\" Souza. Hunting is one of the original members, and departed from Exodus twice, in 1989 and 2004, but rejoined in 2007. Holt joined the band about two years after its formation, and is the only member of Exodus to appear on all their releases.\nSince its formation, Exodus has released ten studio albums, two live albums, one compilation album, and a re-recording of their first album. Along with Metallica (whose longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett was an original member of Exodus), they are often credited as pioneers of the Bay Area thrash metal scene, and have sold over five million albums worldwide. Exodus is also considered to be as one the \"big eight\" of thrash metal, along with Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, Anthrax, Testament, Overkill and Death Angel. The band had particular success in the mid-to-late 1980s with their first three studio albums: Bonded by Blood (1985), Pleasures of the Flesh (1987) and Fabulous Disaster (1989). The critical praise given to Fabulous Disaster garnered attention from major labels, including Capitol Records, with whom Exodus signed in 1989. The band released two more studio albums (Impact Is Imminent in 1990 and Force of Habit in 1992) before disbanding in 1994. After temporarily reuniting in 1997\u20131998, Exodus reformed once again in 2001, and since then, they have released five more studio albums, the most recent being Blood In, Blood Out (2014). The band is currently writing a follow-up album, tentatively due for release in 2020.", "Q727243": "Lee Henderson is a Canadian writer, the author of The Broken Record Technique (Penguin Canada 2002), The Man Game (Penguin Canada, August 2008), and The Road Narrows As You Go (Hamish Hamilton, 2014). The Broken Record Technique won the 2003 Danuta Gleed Literary Award, which recognizes a first collection of short fiction by a Canadian author writing in English. The Man Game was shortlisted for the 2008 Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize and won the 2009 Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize as well as the 2009 City of Vancouver Book Award.\nHe was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and raised there and in Calgary, Alberta. He currently resides in Vancouver, British Columbia. His short stories have appeared in several publications and his journalism has been featured in The Vancouver Sun. His short story \"Sheep Dub\" was included in the 2000 Journey Prize Anthology and \"Conjugation\" appeared in the 2006 Journey Prize Anthology; it was shortlisted for the Journey Prize Award. He is a contributing editor for the visual art magazines Border Crossings and Contemporary, for which he writes on Vancouver art and artists.", "Q207416": "Bartolom\u00e9 de las Casas (US: lahs KAH-s\u0259s, Spanish: [ba\u027etolo\u02c8me \u00f0e las \u02c8kasas] (listen); c. 1484 \u2013 18 July 1566) was a 16th-century Spanish colonist, landowner, friar, priest, and bishop, famed as an historian and social reformer. He arrived in Hispaniola as a layman then became a Dominican friar and priest. He was appointed as the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed \"Protector of the Indians\". His extensive writings, the most famous being A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies and Historia de Las Indias, chronicle the first decades of colonization of the West Indies. He described the atrocities committed by the colonizers against the indigenous peoples.Arriving as one of the first Spanish (and European) settlers in the Americas, Las Casas initially participated in, but eventually felt compelled to oppose, the abuses committed by colonists against the Native Americans. As a result, in 1515 he gave up his Indian slaves and encomienda, and advocated, before King Charles I of Spain, on behalf of rights for the natives. In his early writings, he advocated the use of African slaves instead of Natives in the West Indian colonies but did so without knowing that the Portuguese were carrying out \"brutal and unjust wars in the name of spreading the faith\". Later in life, he retracted this position, as he regarded both forms of slavery as equally wrong. In 1522, he tried to launch a new kind of peaceful colonialism on the coast of Venezuela, but this venture failed. Las Casas entered the Dominican Order and became a friar, leaving public life for a decade. He traveled to Central America, acting as a missionary among the Maya of Guatemala and participating in debates among colonial churchmen about how best to bring the natives to the Christian faith.\nTravelling back to Spain to recruit more missionaries, he continued lobbying for the abolition of the encomienda, gaining an important victory by the passage of the New Laws in 1542. He was appointed Bishop of Chiapas, but served only for a short time before he was forced to return to Spain because of resistance to the New Laws by the encomenderos, and conflicts with Spanish settlers because of his pro-Indian policies and activist religious stance. He served in the Spanish court for the remainder of his life; there he held great influence over Indies-related issues. In 1550, he participated in the Valladolid debate, in which Juan Gin\u00e9s de Sep\u00falveda argued that the Indians were less than human, and required Spanish masters to become civilized. Las Casas maintained that they were fully human, and that forcefully subjugating them was unjustifiable.\nBartolom\u00e9 de las Casas spent 50 years of his life actively fighting slavery and the colonial abuse of indigenous peoples, especially by trying to convince the Spanish court to adopt a more humane policy of colonization. Unlike some other priests who sought to destroy the indigenous peoples' native books and writings, he strictly opposed this action. Although he failed to save the indigenous peoples of the Western Indies, his efforts did result in improvement of the legal status of the natives, and in an increased colonial focus on the ethics of colonialism. Las Casas is often considered to be one of the first advocates for a universal conception of human dignity (later human rights).", "Q211274": "The Polish People's Republic (Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989, and the predecessor of the modern Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million inhabitants near the end of its existence, it was the most populous communist and Eastern Bloc country in Europe after the Soviet Union. Having a unitary Marxist\u2013Leninist government imposed by the USSR following World War II, it was also one of the main signatories of the Warsaw Pact alliance. The largest city and official capital since 1947 was Warsaw, followed by industrial \u0141\u00f3d\u017a and cultural Krak\u00f3w. \nThe country was bordered by the Baltic Sea to the north, the Soviet Union to the east, Czechoslovakia to the south, and East Germany to the west.\nThe former country covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1989 under the Soviet-backed communist administration established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II. The state's official name was the \"Republic of Poland\" (Rzeczpospolita Polska) between 1947 and 1952 in accordance with the temporary Small Constitution of 1947. The name \"People's Republic\" was introduced and defined by the Constitution of 1952. Like other Eastern Bloc nations (East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania), Poland was regarded as a satellite state in the Soviet sphere of influence, but was never part of the Soviet Union.The Polish People's Republic was a one-party state characterized by constant internal struggles for democracy and better living conditions. The Polish United Workers' Party became the dominant political faction, officially making Poland a socialist country, but with more liberal policies than other states of the Eastern Bloc. Throughout its existence, economic hardships and social unrest were common almost in every decade. The nation was split between those who supported the party, those who were opposed to it and those who refused to engage in political activity. Despite this, some groundbreaking achievements were established during the People's Republic such as rapid industrialization, urbanization of smaller or larger cities and access to free healthcare and education was made available. The birth rate was high and the population almost doubled between 1947 and 1989. The party's most successful accomplishment, however, was the rebuilding of ruined Warsaw after World War II and the complete riddance of illiteracy, which stood at 30% in 1931 and at 2% in 1988.The Polish People's Army was the main branch of the Armed Forces, though Red Army units were also stationed in Poland as in all other Warsaw Pact countries. The UB and succeeding SB were chief intelligence agencies that acted as secret police, similar to East German Stasi and Soviet KGB. The official police organization, responsible for supposed peacekeeping and violent throttling of protests, was renamed Citizens' Militia (MO). The Militia's elite ZOMO squads committed serious crimes to maintain the Communists in power, including the harsh treatment of protesters, arrest of opposition leaders and in extreme cases murder, with at least 22,000 people killed by the regime during its rule. As a result, Poland had a high imprisonment rate but one of the lowest crime rates in the world. This was often fictitiously glorified by the ruling Polish Worker's Party, which described Poland as a safe and educated near-Utopian society.\n\n", "Q700824": "The Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater Hamburg is one of the larger universities of music in Germany.\nIt was founded 1950 as Staatliche Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik (Public college of music) on the base of the former private acting school of Annemarie Marks-Rocke and Eduard Marks.\nStudies include various music types from church music over Jazz to pop music, composition, conducting, instrumental music as well as voice. The theatre academy offers courses in drama and opera and directing in these fields. A third academy offers scientific and educational degrees of study (musicology, music education and therapy).\nThe university is located in the prestigious Budge-Palais in Hamburg Rotherbaum at the Au\u00dfenalster, close to the city centre.", "Q434287": "Julie Pichard du Page (born 6 October 1973) is a Canadian actress and model.", "Q47064": "Military personnel are members of the state's armed forces. Their roles, pay, and obligations differ according to their military branch (army, navy, marines, air force, space force, and sometimes coast guard), rank (officer, non-commissioned officer, or enlisted recruit), and their military task when deployed on operations and on exercise.\n\n", "Q293505": "Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Muhammad ibn Qalawun (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u200e), commonly known as an-Nasir Muhammad (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u200e), or by his kunya: Abu al-Ma'ali (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649) or as Ibn Qalawun (1285\u20131341) was the ninth Bahri Mamluk sultan of Egypt who ruled for three reigns: December 1293\u2013December 1294, 1299\u20131309, and 1310 until his death in 1341.", "Q7710570": "Thanks of a Grateful Nation is a 1998 original miniseries about the Gulf War. Directed by Rod Holcomb, it stars Ted Danson, Jennifer Jason Leigh, and Brian Dennehy.", "Q1395417": "Ustad Vilayat Khan (28 August 1928[1] \u2013 13 March 2004) was an Indian classical sitar player. Along with Imdad Khan, Enayat Khan, and Imrat Khan, he is credited with the creation and development of gayaki ang (an attempt to mimic vocal music) on the sitar.\nHe recorded his first 78-RPM disc at the age of 8, and gave his last concert in 2004 at the age of 75.", "Q2917796": "Davar (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8\u200e, lit. Word) was a Hebrew-language daily newspaper published in the British Mandate of Palestine and Israel between 1925 and May 1996.It was relaunched in 2016, under the name Davar Rishon, as an online outlet by the Histadrut.", "Q83740": "Steve Biddulph (born 1953 in Saltburn, England) is an Australian author, activist and psychologist who has written a number of influential bestselling books; and lectures worldwide on parenting, and boys' education.", "Q175038": "12 Monkeys, also known as Twelve Monkeys, is a 1995 American science fiction film directed by Terry Gilliam, inspired by Chris Marker's 1962 short film La Jet\u00e9e, and starring Bruce Willis, Madeleine Stowe, and Brad Pitt, with Christopher Plummer and David Morse in supporting roles. After Universal Studios acquired the rights to remake La Jet\u00e9e as a full-length film, David and Janet Peoples were hired to write the script.\nUnder Gilliam's direction, Universal granted the filmmakers a $29.5 million budget, and filming lasted from February to May 1995. The film was shot mostly in Philadelphia and Baltimore, where the story was set.\nThe film was released to critical praise and grossed $168 million worldwide. Pitt was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and won a Golden Globe Award for his performance. The film also won and was nominated for various categories at the Saturn Awards.", "Q626607": "Mathieu Tillet (10 November 1714 Bordeaux - 13 December 1791) was a French botanist, agronomist, metallurgist and administrator.", "Q202546": "Filippo Anfuso (1 January 1901 \u2013 13 December 1963) was an Italian writer, diplomat and Fascist politician.\nAnfuso was born in Catania. His writing career started with a volume of short stories and poetry he published in 1917. Anfuso subsequently joined as a reporter with the poet Gabriele D'Annunzio in his attempt to seize Fiume for Italy (1919\u20131921). He returned to write for La Nazione and La Stampa, reporting from various foreign countries. A friend of Galeazzo Ciano, the two passed the exam for a career in diplomacy at the same time (in 1925).\nAnfuso was appointed to the Italian Consulate in Munich (1927), then to the missions in Hungary (1929), Germany (1931), the Republic of China (1932), and Greece (1934). In 1936, Anfuso was seconded to Francisco Franco's side during the Civil War. He was decorated for merit. In 1938, after Ciano was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, Anfuso became Ministry head of staff.\nIn 1942 he became Minister in charge of the Italian Legation in Budapest. In 1943, after Mussolini escaped to Northern Italy with Nazi backing, Anfuso served as a diplomat for the newly founded Italian Social Republic, representing it in Berlin. As Ambassador in Berlin, he took care of the problems related to the presence in Germany of thousands of Italian servicemen deported after the 1943 Armistice. His role in trying to protect some Jews persecuted by the Nazis was mentioned during the Eichmann trial held in Israel in 1961. In 1945, he replaced the deceased Serafino Mazzolini as undersecretary for the Republic's Foreign Affairs Ministry.\nWhen the war ended in Italy's defeat, Anfuso made his way to France, but was soon recognized and arrested. He spent two years in prison, and after having been fully cleared by the French courts, he then exiled himself to Madrid. In 1950, he returned to Italy, going back to journalism and publishing several books. Having adhered to the Neo-fascist Italian Social Movement, he represented it in the Italian Chamber of Deputies. Anfuso died in 1963, aged 62, while speaking on the floor in the Parliament in Rome.", "Q448172": "John Sydney Millar (born 23 May 1934) is a former rugby union prop from Northern Ireland who played international rugby for Ireland and the British Lions. After retiring from playing rugby he became a rugby coach and later a rugby administrator. He became chairman of the Irish Rugby Union in 1995, and from 2003 until 2007 was the chairman of the International Rugby Board.", "Q281129": "Timothy Crane Day (January 8, 1819 \u2013 April 15, 1869) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.\nBorn in Cincinnati, Ohio, Day attended the public schools. Day worked as a printer and engraver from 1838\u20131840. When his older brother died in 1850, he took his job as one of the editors and proprietors of the Cincinnati Enquirer.\nDisposed of his interests in that paper in 1852 and made a tour of Europe.\nDay was elected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855 \u2013 March 3, 1857).\nDay Ran as an Anti-Nebraska, or anti-slavery, candidate. He declined renomination in 1856 because of ill health and retired from active business.\nDay endowed the Ohio Mechanics Institute toward establishing a permanent library. When this library closed, the bequeath was transferred to the University of Cincinnati's College of Applied Science in 1911 and bears his name as the Timothy C. Day Technical Library. He died in Cincinnati, Ohio, April 15, 1869.\nHe was interred in Spring Grove Cemetery.\n\n", "Q300423": "A Good Man in Africa is a 1994 film, based on William Boyd's 1981 novel A Good Man in Africa and directed by Bruce Beresford. The film starred Colin Friels, Sean Connery, John Lithgow, Joanne Whalley, Diana Rigg and Louis Gossett, Jr.", "Q242162": "Vonda Neel McIntyre (August 28, 1948 \u2013 April 1, 2019) was an American science fiction author.", "Q89523": "Anton Josef Gruscha, S.T.D. (3 November 1820, Vienna \u2013 5 August 1911, Schloss Kranichberg, Lower Austria) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was Archbishop of Vienna.\nHe was born in Vienna, Austria. He received minor orders on 31 October 1839, the subdiaconate on 9 July 1842, the diaconate 15 July 1842. He was ordained on 4 May 1843. He attended the University of Vienna, where he earned a doctorate in theology in 1849.\nAfter his ordination he worked in the Archdiocese of Vienna in the parish of Saint Leopold. He was also a professor of religion in the gymnasium of the Theresian Academy, a preacher in the metropolitan cathedral, and a professor of pastoral theology in the university. He was created Privy chamberlain supernumerary of His Holiness.", "Q960277": "Octave Uzanne (14 September 1851 \u2013 31 October 1931) was a 19th-century French bibliophile, writer, publisher, and journalist.\nHe is noted for his literary research on the authors of the 18th century. He published many previously unpublished works by authors including Paradis Moncrif, Benserade, Caylus, Besenval, the Marquis de Sade and Baudelaire. He founded the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Bibliophiles Contemporaines, of which he was president. His research produced a considerable literary output and frequent publications in newspapers such as L'Echo, Le Plume, D\u00e9p\u00eache de Toulouse, Le Mercure de France, Le Gaulois and Le Figaro of Paris.\nOne of the topics his research focused on was the discussion of fashion and femininity in the French fin-de-si\u00e8cle. This took the form of monographs and works including Son Altesse la femme (French for Her Highness Woman), F\u00e9minies and La Fran\u00e7aise du si\u00e8cle (The Frenchwoman of the Century). His own works include novels and fantasy books, such as Surprises du Coeur and Contes pour les bibliophiles (Tales for bibliophiles).", "Q346476": "Aeropus II of Macedon (Greek: \u1f08\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u02b9 \u1f41 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd), king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon, son of Perdiccas II was guardian of his nephew Orestes, the son of Aeropus's brother Archelaus I, reigned nearly five years from 399 BC.\nThe first four years of this time he reigned jointly with Orestes, and the remainder alone. He was succeeded by Orestes' brother Archelaus II.", "Q1442128": "Francisco Montes de Oca y Saucedo (January 27, 1837 \u2013 March 14, 1885) was a Mexican politician and military surgeon with the rank of General Brigadier M\u00e9dico Cirujano (Brigadier General MC).", "Q214324": "Charles Follen (September 6, 1796 \u2013 January 13, 1840) was a German poet and patriot, who later moved to the United States and became the first professor of German at Harvard University, a Unitarian minister, and a radical abolitionist.", "Q82476": "William Carney (July 1, 1942 \u2013 May 22, 2017) was an American politician. He served one term in the Suffolk County Legislature and four terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. Carney was a member of the Conservative Party and, later, of the Republican Party. He is notable for being the first member of the Conservative Party to serve in the House of Representatives.", "Q76291": "Wilhelm Ahlwardt (4 July 1828, Greifswald \u2013 2 November 1909, Greifswald) was a German orientalist who specialized in research of Arabic literature. He was the son of philologist Christian Wilhelm Ahlwardt (1760\u20131830).", "Q2345": "12 Angry Men is a 1957 American courtroom drama film directed by Sidney Lumet, adapted from a teleplay of the same name by Reginald Rose. This courtroom drama tells the story of a jury of 12 men as they deliberate the conviction or acquittal of an 18-year old defendant on the basis of reasonable doubt, forcing the jurors to question their morals and values.\n12 Angry Men explores many techniques of consensus-building and the difficulties encountered in the process among this group of men whose range of personalities adds to the intensity and conflict. It also explores the power one person has to elicit change. The jury members are identified only by number; no names are revealed until an exchange of dialogue at the very end. The film forces the characters and audience to evaluate their own self-image through observing the personality, experiences, and actions of the jurors. The film is also notable for its almost exclusive use of one set, where all but three minutes of the film takes place.\nIn 2007, the film was selected for the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". The film was selected as the second-best courtroom drama ever by the American Film Institute during their AFI's 10 Top 10 list.", "Q49061": "Clarissa Minnie Thompson Allen (October 1, 1859 \u2013 November 23, 1941) was an American educator and author. She wrote fictional stories about wealthy African-American families in the American South.", "Q836743": "Richard Dean Tuttle (born July 12, 1941) is an American postminimalist artist known for his small, subtle, intimate works. His art makes use of scale and line. His works span a range of media, from sculpture, painting, drawing, printmaking, and artist\u2019s books to installation and furniture. He lives and works in New York City, Abiqui\u00fa, New Mexico, and Mount Desert, Maine.\n\n", "Q381883": "Ian Matthias Bavitz (born June 5, 1976), better known by his stage name Aesop Rock, is an American hip hop recording artist and producer residing in Portland, Oregon. He was at the forefront of the new wave of underground and alternative hip hop acts that emerged during the late 1990s and early 2000s. He was signed to El-P's Definitive Jux label until it went on hiatus in 2010. betterPropaganda ranked him at number 19 at the Top 100 Artists of the Decade.He is a member of the groups The Weathermen, Hail Mary Mallon (with Rob Sonic & DJ Big Wiz), The Uncluded (with Kimya Dawson) Two of Every Animal (with Cage), and Malibu Ken with electronic artist Tobacco.Regarding his name, he said: \"I acquired the name Aesop from a movie I had acted in with some friends. It was my character's name and it sort of stuck. The rock part came later just from throwing it in rhymes.\"", "Q432806": "Leelo Tungal (born 22 June 1947 in Tallinn) is an Estonian poet, children's writer, translator, editor and librettist.", "Q16565": "Charlotte () is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Located in the Piedmont, it is the county seat of Mecklenburg County. In 2018, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the population was 872,498, making it the 16th-most populous city in the United States. The city is the cultural, economic, and transportation center of the Charlotte metropolitan area, whose population ranks 23rd in the U.S., and had a population of 2,569,213, in 2018. The Charlotte metropolitan area is part of a sixteen-county market region or combined statistical area with a 2018 census-estimated population of 2,728,933.Between 2004 and 2014, Charlotte was ranked as the country's fastest-growing metro area, with 888,000 new residents. Based on U.S. Census data from 2005 to 2015, Charlotte tops the U.S. in millennial population growth. It is the second-largest city in the southeastern United States, just behind Jacksonville, Florida. It is the third-fastest-growing major city in the United States. It is listed as a \"gamma\" global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Residents are referred to as \"Charlotteans\".\nCharlotte is home to the corporate headquarters of Bank of America, Truist Financial, and the east coast operations of Wells Fargo, which along with other financial institutions has made it the second-largest banking center in the United States since 1995.Among Charlotte's many notable attractions, some of the most popular include the Carolina Panthers (NFL), the Charlotte Hornets (NBA), the NASCAR All-Star Race, the Wells Fargo Championship, the NASCAR Hall of Fame, the Charlotte Ballet, Children's Theatre of Charlotte, Carowinds amusement park, and the U.S. National Whitewater Center.\nCharlotte has a humid subtropical climate. It is located several miles east of the Catawba River and southeast of Lake Norman, the largest man-made lake in North Carolina. Lake Wylie and Mountain Island Lake are two smaller man-made lakes located near the city.", "Q444990": "Patricia Paz Maria Medina (19 July 1919 \u2013 28 April 2012) was an English-American actress. She is perhaps best known for her roles in the films Phantom of the Rue Morgue (1954) and Mr. Arkadin (1955).", "Q153969": "Lindau (German: Lindau (Bodensee), formerly Lindau im Bodensee; German: [\u02c8l\u026anda\u028a\u032f] (listen)) is a major town and island on the eastern side of Lake Constance (Bodensee in German) in Bavaria, Germany. It is the capital of the county (Landkreis) of Lindau, Bavaria and is near the borders of the Austrian state of Vorarlberg and the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen and Thurgau. The coat of arms of Lindau town is a linden tree, referring to the supposed origin of the town's name (Linde means linden tree in German). The historic town of Lindau is located on the 0.68-square-kilometre (0.26 sq mi) island of the same name which is connected with the mainland by a road bridge and a railway dam leading to Lindau station.", "Q380545": "Ignacy B\u0142a\u017cej Franciszek Krasicki (3 February 1735 \u2013 14 March 1801), from 1766 Prince-Bishop of Warmia (in German, Ermland) and from 1795 Archbishop of Gniezno (thus, Primate of Poland), was Poland's leading Enlightenment poet (\"the Prince of Poets\"), a critic of the clergy, Poland's La Fontaine, author of the first Polish novel, playwright, journalist, encyclopedist, and translator from French and Greek.\nHis most notable literary works were his Fables and Parables (1779), Satires (1779), and poetic letters and religious lyrics, in which the artistry of his poetic language reached its summit.", "Q4396930": "Sergei Pavlovich Roldugin (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043d, born September 28, 1951 Sakhalin) is a Russian cellist and businessman, based in St Petersburg. He is a close friend of Vladimir Putin.\nHe was awarded the 1980 Prague Spring International Music Festival Competition's 3rd prize. In 1984 Roldugin was appointed the Kirov Opera Theatre Orchestra's principal cellist. He subsequently held a professorship at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, where he served as the institution's rector from 2002-05. The Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra's Guest Conductor, he has been named a People's Artist of Russia.\nSince 1990s, Roldugin has been engaged in the oil and media business. He is known for having initiated the renovation of the decayed Alexis Palace as a music school and for having performed at the ruins of Palmyra a month after the site was reconquered from the ISIL. Roldugin plays the Stuart cello made by Antonio Stradivari in 1732; the instrument cost him $12 million.Sergei Roldugin is a godfather to Maria Putina, Vladimir Putin's older daughter. He has been friends with the Putin since the late 1970s. In March 2016 The Guardian described Roldugin as \"Putin's best friend\". It was Roldugin who introduced Putin to Lyudmila, his future wife. Roldugin's brother Yevgeny was at KGB training school with Putin.In connection with the Panama Papers, the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project described Roldugin as the \"secret caretaker\" of Putin's hidden wealth through his participation in transactions with Mossack Fonseca and Dietrich, Baumgartner & Partner, who are Swiss lawyers in Zurich, to various offshore companies including Panama registered International Media Overseas, British Virgin Islands (BVI) registered Sonnette Overseas, Sunbarn Ltd and Sandalwood Continental, and the BVI registered Ove Financial Corp.\n\n", "Q632672": "Star Wars: The Clone Wars is an American computer-animated television series created by George Lucas and produced by Lucasfilm Animation, Lucasfilm and CGCG Inc. The series began with a theatrical feature film that was released on August 15, 2008, and debuted on Cartoon Network two months later on October 3, 2008. It is set in the fictional Star Wars galaxy during the three years between the prequel films Episode II: Attack of the Clones and Episode III: Revenge of the Sith, the same time period as the previous 2D 2003 TV series Star Wars: Clone Wars. Each episode has a running time of 22 minutes to fill a half-hour time slot. Dave Filoni is the supervising director of the series.The Clone Wars was a massive ratings success, becoming one of Cartoon Network's highest rated shows during its initial run. Throughout its run, the series received mostly positive reception from critics, receiving praise for its writing, action, characters, visuals, voice acting, music, scale and tone. The series has also garnered a massive fan following and has also been nominated for many industry awards, including the Daytime Emmy Awards and the Annie Awards.\nIn early 2013, Lucasfilm announced that The Clone Wars would be \"winding down\". Thirteen episodes composing a new sixth season were made available in the U.S. for streaming on Netflix, along with the entirety of the series, beginning March 7, 2014. Super RTL, a German TV network, began airing the episodes on February 15, 2014. A project known as The Clone Wars Legacy adapted unproduced story arcs into other formats, such as comics and novels. The series was revived for a seventh and final season of 12 new episodes, which premiered on Disney+ on February 21, 2020.", "Q175010": "John Renshaw Carson (June 28, 1886 \u2013 October 31, 1940) was a noted transmission theorist for early communications systems. He invented single-sideband modulation and developed the Carson bandwidth rule for estimating frequency modulation (FM) bandwidth. In 2013 Carson was inducted into the Electronic Design Hall of Fame for his contributions to communications.", "Q4757343": "Andrew Housser is a financial expert and entrepreneur who co-founded, with Bradford Stroh, Freedom Financial Network, which provides consumer finance services through its divisions: Freedom Debt Relief, Bills.com, FreedomPlus, and Consolidation Plus.\n\n", "Q60395": "Kurt Karl-Heinrich Ahrens, also known as Kurt Ahrens Jr., (born 19 April 1940 in Braunschweig, Germany) is a former sports car racing and touring car racing driver who occasionally appeared in German Grand Prix races, mostly in Formula 2 cars.\nHis father, Kurt Ahrens Sr., was a German speedway champion who competed against his son for five years. Kurt Ahrens Jr. started in 1958 with a Cooper-Norton Formula 3 and won the German Formula Junior title in 1961 and 1963, when his father retired.\n\nHe then raced Formula 2 and was present when Jim Clark was killed at the Hockenheimring in 1968. Due to the long N\u00fcrburgring track, it was possible to take part in the German Grand Prix in Formula 2 cars. He participated mostly with Brabhams for the Caltex Racing team, and was invited to drive the Brabham-Repco F1 in the wet 1968 German Grand Prix.\nIn 1968, Ahrens Jr. joined the Porsche factory sports car team and shared victory with Jo Siffert in the 1969 Austrian 1000 km event. He co-drove the pole-setting Porsche 917 \"long tail\" at the 1969 24 Hours of Le Mans and the 1970 24 Hours of Le Mans, but neither car finished. In 1970, he partnered with Vic Elford to win the 1000km N\u00fcrburgring in a Porsche 908.\nAhrens retired after 1970, taking pride in never crashing in a race. He had suffered a high speed shunt in April 1970 while testing a long tail Porsche on a wet Ehra-Lessien, with the car disintegrating badly- the car went under the Armco barrier and broke in half (as they were known to do), leaving Ahrens strapped in the back.", "Q94572": "Yefim Zakharovich Kopelyan (Russian: \u0415\u0444\u0438\u043c \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d; 12 April 1912 \u2013 6 March 1975) was a Soviet actor of theater and cinema, one of the legendary masters of the Bolshoi Theatre of Drama (BDT) in Leningrad. He performed the bright characteristic roles in the films The Elusive Avengers, Intervention, Eternal Call, The Straw Hat, and many others. He is also known for the voice-over in the TV series hit Seventeen Moments of Spring.He was born in Belarusian town Rechytsa into a Jewish family. After graduation, he worked as a metal craftsman at the plant Krasny Putilovets in Leningrad. In 1930 he entered to the architectural department of the Academy of fine arts. In his students years he earned additionally as supernumerary in the BTD, entered to the studio of this theater (course of K.K.Tverskoy).At the end of his education, Kopelyan became the actor of the main staff of the BTD. The first years in the theater not were noted by special successes.Later he played much from romantic Don Cesar de Bazan to sailor Shvandya in Lyubov Yarovaya, roles of the classical repertoire and modern. He was a \"social hero\", played a character roles in the comedies and the tragedies. Georgi Tovstonogov employed Kopelyan almost in all premiers of theater. With his name are connected all best plays BDT.\nOperation Barbarossa found BTD in Baku on the tours. On the return of the theater on 4 July 1941 to Leningrad, Kopelyan entered the People's militia and played in the Theater of the People's militia, which soon became the Front-line propaganda platoon of Leningrad.\nKopelyan was acted in film and on TV much, was the brilliant master of small roles: Steersman (Tanker Derbent, 1941), Priest Gapon (Prologue, 1956), Sergo Ordzhonikidze (Kochubey, 1958), Nalbandov (Time, forward!, 1966), Burnash (The Elusive Avengers, 1967), 1971: Cossack Leader Ataman in epic film Dauria (1971 film) (\u0414\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0438\u044f), Burtsev (The Story about human heart, 1975), Beybutov (Yaroslav Dombrovsky, 1976), etc. Among his best roles at cinema were roles of Savva Morozov (Nikolai Bauman; the prize of the All-Union film festival, 1968), Svidrigaylov (Crime and punishment, 1970). He acted in television films Old fortress (1973), Crash of engineer Garin, Eternal call.\nHis reading the text from the author in films Seven notes in silence (1967), Meetings with Gorky (1969), Memory (1971) and television film Seventeen Moments of Spring (1973, State prize of the RSFSR in 1976) was unique.\nKopelyan married actress Lyudmila Makarova in 1941. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1973. He died in 1975 in Leningrad.", "Q2393278": "The Republic of Cospaia was a small state within modern-day Italy, located in northern Umbria, independent from 1440 to 1826. It was located in what is now the hamlet (frazione) of Cospaia in the comune of San Giustino in the Province of Perugia.", "Q740596": "J\u00e1nos Erd\u00e9lyi (1814 in Ve\u013ek\u00e9 Kapu\u0161any \u2013 January 23, 1868 in S\u00e1rospatak) was a Hungarian poet, critic, author, philosopher and ethnographist.\nHe was born in 1814 at Ve\u013ek\u00e9 Kapu\u0161any (Slovakia), in the county of Ung, and educated at the Protestant college of S\u00e1rospatak. In 1833 he removed to Pest, where he was, in 1839, elected member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He began his literary career with poems written in folk style (published in 1844).\nHis literary fame was made by his collection of Hungarian national poems and folk-tales, Magyar n\u00e9pk\u00f6lt\u00e9si gy\u0171jtem\u00e9ny, n\u00e9pdalok \u00e9s mond\u00e1k (\"Collection of Hungarian Folklore, Folk Songs and Tales\", Pest, 1846\u20131847). This work, published by the Kisfaludy Society, was supplemented his ilnon Hiinaarian national ooetrv afterwards partially translated into German by Stier (Berlin, 1851). Erd\u00e9lyi also compiled for the Kisfaludy Society an extensive collection of Hungarian proverbs Magyar k\u00f6zmond\u00e1sok k\u00f6nyve (\"Book of Hungarian Proverbs\", Pest, 1851),and was for some time editor of the Sz\u00e9pirodalmi Szemle (\"Review of Polite Literature\"). In 1848 he was appointed director of the national theatre at Pest; but after 1849 he resided at his native town. He died on 23 January 1868. A collection of folklore was published the year after his death, entitled A n\u00e9p k\u00f6lt\u00e9szete: n\u00e9pdalok, n\u00e9pmes\u00e9k \u00e9s k\u00f6zmond\u00e1sok (\"Poetry of the People: Folk Songs, Tales and Proverbs\", Pest, 1869). This work contains 300 national songs, 19 folk-tales and 7362 Hungarian proverbs.\nAs a philosopher he was an utopian socialist, influenced by Hegel.", "Q283058": "Michael Hutchinson (born 20 November 1973 in Northern Ireland) is a British and Irish racing cyclist and writer who has represented Great Britain, Ireland and Northern Ireland at events including the Commonwealth Games.\nHutchinson's speciality is the individual time trial, but he has also won races on the track. He currently (October 2014) holds the competition record for 30 miles and is a previous holder of the 10, 25, 50 and 100-mile records.\nHe has made two unsuccessful attempts at the hour record, the first of which forms the basis of his 2006 book The Hour, which gained him the award for Best New Writer at the 2007 British Sports Book Awards.\n\n", "Q2423": "Yaroslavl (Russian: \u042f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u00e1\u0432\u043b\u044c, IPA: [j\u026ar\u0250\u02c8s\u026bavl\u02b2]) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located 250 kilometers (160 mi) northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city, a World Heritage Site, is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl rivers. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that have played an important role in Russian history. In 2010, the city had a population of 591,486.", "Q46434": "Henri\u00ebtte Adriana \"Hetty\" Blok (6 January 1920 \u2013 6 November 2012) was a Dutch cabaret artist, singer, and actress who performed on the stage, on radio, and on television for more than five decades. Her best-known role is Nurse Klivia, one of the lead roles in the iconic television series Ja zuster, nee zuster, a role with which she was identified the rest of her life. She was known also as a friend of Annie M. G. Schmidt and a singer of her songs.\n\n", "Q49707": "Georg Bachmann (December 6, 1885 Westheim \u2013 October 23, 1971 Gunzenhausen) was a German politician. During his political career he represented the DNVP, CNBL and the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CDU) during 1949 - 1954. From 1940 to 1945 he was a member of the Nazi Party. He was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria.", "Q31864": "The Children of Sanchez is a 1978 Mexican-American drama film based on the book with the same title by Oscar Lewis. The film was entered into the 11th Moscow International Film Festival.The movie's well-known soundtrack, titled Children of Sanchez, was created by jazz musician Chuck Mangione. Its opening song won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance for that year.\n\n", "Q256671": "Miranda July (born Miranda Jennifer Grossinger; February 15, 1974) is an American film director, screenwriter, singer, actress, author and artist. Her body of work includes film, fiction, monologue, digital media presentations, and live performance art.\nShe wrote, directed and starred in the films Me and You and Everyone We Know (2005) and The Future (2011). She has authored a book of short stories, No One Belongs Here More Than You (2007); a collection of nonfiction short stories, It Chooses You (2011); and the novel The First Bad Man (2015).", "Q231832": "Anne Marie Louise d'Orl\u00e9ans, Duchess of Montpensier, (29 May 1627 \u2013 5 April 1693) known as La Grande Mademoiselle, was the only daughter of Gaston d'Orl\u00e9ans with his first wife Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier. One of the greatest heiresses in history, she died unmarried and childless, leaving her vast fortune to her cousin, Philippe of France. After a string of proposals from various members of European ruling families, including Charles II of England, Afonso VI of Portugal, and Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy, she eventually fell in love with the courtier Antoine Nompar de Caumont and scandalised the court of France when she asked Louis XIV for permission to marry him, as such a union was viewed as a m\u00e9salliance. She is best remembered for her role in the Fronde, her role in bringing the famous composer Lully to the king's court, and her M\u00e9moires.", "Q1371975": "Mickey Avalon (born Yeshe Perl; December 3, 1975) is an American rapper from Hollywood, California. His debut self-titled solo album was released Nov. 7, 2006 on Interscope/Shoot to Kill Records in association with MySpace Records. Frequent topics of Avalon's songs are his experiences with substance abuse and prostitution.", "Q304123": "Audrey Justine Tautou (French pronunciation: [od\u0281\u025b \u0292ystin totu] (listen); born 9 August 1976) is a French actress. Signed by an agent at age 17, she made her acting debut at 18 on television and her feature film debut the following year in Venus Beauty Institute (1999), for which she received critical acclaim and won the C\u00e9sar Award for Most Promising Actress. \nTautou achieved international recognition for her lead role in the 2001 film Am\u00e9lie, which met with critical acclaim and was a major box-office success. Am\u00e9lie won Best Film at the European Film Awards, four C\u00e9sar Awards (including Best Film and Best Director), two BAFTA Awards (including Best Original Screenplay), and was nominated for five Academy Awards.\nTautou has since appeared in films in a range of genres, including the thrillers Dirty Pretty Things and The Da Vinci Code, and the romantic-comedy Priceless (2006). She has received critical acclaim for her many roles including the drama A Very Long Engagement (2004) and the biographical drama Coco avant Chanel (2009). She has been nominated three times for the C\u00e9sar Award and twice for the BAFTA for Best Actress in a leading role. She became one of the few French actors in history to be invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) in June 2004.Tautou has modeled for Chanel, Montblanc, L'Or\u00e9al and many other companies. She is an active supporter of several charities.", "Q200437": "Stalker (Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u0440, IPA: [\u02c8sta\u026bk\u02b2\u026ar]) is a 1979 Soviet science fiction art film directed by Andrei Tarkovsky with a screenplay written by Boris and Arkady Strugatsky, loosely based on their 1972 novel Roadside Picnic. The film combines elements of science fiction with dramatic philosophical and psychological themes. Modern reviews of Stalker have been highly positive.\nThe film tells the story of an expedition led by a figure known as the \"Stalker\" (Alexander Kaidanovsky), who takes his two clients\u2014a melancholic writer (Anatoly Solonitsyn) seeking inspiration, and a professor (Nikolai Grinko) seeking scientific discovery\u2014to a mysterious restricted site known simply as the \"Zone\", where there supposedly exists a room which grants a person's innermost desires. The trio travel through unnerving areas filled with the debris of modern society while engaging in many arguments.", "Q939464": "Emmanuel Berl (2 August 1892 \u2013 21 September 1976) was a French journalist, historian and essayist. He was born at Le V\u00e9sinet in the modern d\u00e9partement of Yvelines, and is buried in the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris. In 1937 he married the singer, composer and film actress Mireille Hartuch; she had nicknamed him \"Th\u00e9odore\" (which is what appears on their tomb). Berl was the cousin of Lisette de Brinon.", "Q483203": "Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner (born 2 October 1951), known as Sting, is an English musician and actor. He was the principal songwriter, lead singer, and bassist for the new wave rock band the Police from 1977 to 1984, and launched a solo career in 1985. Sting has included elements of rock, jazz, reggae, classical, new-age and worldbeat in his music.As a solo musician and a member of the Police, Sting has received 17 Grammy Awards: he won Song of the Year for \"Every Breath You Take\", three Brit Awards, including Best British Male Artist in 1994 and Outstanding Contribution in 2002, a Golden Globe, an Emmy and four nominations for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. In 2019, he received a BMI Award for \"Every Breath You Take\" becoming the most played song in radio history. In 2002, Sting received the Ivor Novello Award for Lifetime Achievement from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors and was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Police in 2003. In 2000, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for recording. In 2003, Sting received a CBE from Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace for services to music. He was made a Kennedy Center Honoree at the White House in 2014, and was awarded the Polar Music Prize in 2017.With the Police, Sting became one of the world's best-selling music artists. Solo and with the Police combined, he has sold over 100 million records. In 2006, Paste ranked him 62nd of the 100 best living songwriters. He was 63rd of VH1's 100 greatest artists of rock, and 80th of Q magazine's 100 greatest musical stars of the 20th century. He has collaborated with other musicians on songs such as \"Money for Nothing\" with Dire Straits, \"Rise & Fall\" with Craig David, \"All for Love\" with Bryan Adams and Rod Stewart, \"You Will Be My Ain True Love\" with Alison Krauss, and introduced the North African music genre ra\u00ef to Western audiences through the hit song \"Desert Rose\" with Cheb Mami. In 2018, he released the album 44/876, a collaboration with Jamaican musician Shaggy, which won the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album in 2019.", "Q9576": "Leonard James Callaghan, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, (; 27 March 1912 \u2013 26 March 2005), often known as Jim Callaghan, was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1976 to 1980. To date, Callaghan is the only person to have held all four Great Offices of State, having served as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1964\u20131967), Home Secretary (1967\u20131970) and Foreign Secretary (1974\u20131976), prior to his premiership. As Prime Minister, he had some successes, but is remembered chiefly for the \"Winter of Discontent\" of 1978\u201379. During a very cold winter, his battle with trade unions led to immense strikes that seriously inconvenienced the public, leading to his defeat in the polls by Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher.\nBorn into a working class family, Callaghan started his career at age 17 as a tax inspector, before becoming a trade union official in the 1930s; he then served in the Royal Navy during World War II. He entered the House of Commons in 1945, and was on the left wing of the party. Callaghan steadily moved towards the right of the party, but maintained his reputation as \"The Keeper of the Cloth Cap\" \u2013 that is, he was seen as dedicated to maintaining close ties between the Labour Party and the trade unions. Callaghan's period as Chancellor of the Exchequer coincided with a turbulent period for the British economy, during which he had to wrestle with a balance of payments deficit and speculative attacks on the pound sterling (its exchange rate to other currencies was almost fixed by the Bretton Woods system). On 18 November 1967, the government devalued the pound sterling. Callaghan became Home Secretary; he sent the British Army to support the police in Northern Ireland (NI), after a request from the NI Government.\nAfter Labour was defeated at the 1970 general election, Callaghan played a key role in the Shadow Cabinet. He became Foreign Secretary in 1974 upon Labour regaining government, taking responsibility for renegotiating the terms of the UK's membership of the European Communities, and supporting a \"Yes\" vote in the 1975 referendum to remain in the EC. When Prime Minister Harold Wilson resigned in 1976, Callaghan defeated five other candidates to be elected as his replacement. Labour had already lost its narrow majority in the House of Commons by the time he became Prime Minister, and further by-election defeats and defections forced Callaghan to deal with minor parties such as the Liberal Party, particularly in the \"Lib\u2013Lab pact\" of 1977\u201378. Industrial disputes and widespread strikes in the 1978\u201379 \"Winter of Discontent\" made Callaghan's government unpopular, and the defeat of the referendum on devolution for Scotland led to the successful passage of a motion of no-confidence on 28 March 1979. This was followed by a defeat at the ensuing general election.\nCallaghan continued as Labour Party leader until November 1980, in order to reform the process by which the party elected its leader, before returning to the backbenches where he remained until he was made a life peer as Baron Callaghan of Cardiff. He went on to live longer than any other British prime minister in history (92 years and 364 days).", "Q72791": "Gisela Elsner (2 May 1937 \u2013 13 May 1992) was a German writer. She won the Prix Formentor in 1964 for her novel Die Riesenzwerge (The Dwarf Giant, Rowohlt, (Gallimard), 1961).", "Q1386443": "Nathan Peter Larson (born September 12, 1970 in Maryland, US) is an American guitarist, singer, songwriter, and author widely known for his numerous film score compositions. He is married to Nina Persson, the lead singer of the Swedish rock band The Cardigans. \nIn May 2011, Larson's debut novel, The Dewey Decimal System, was published by Akashic Books. The second book in the series was published summer 2012, and is entitled The Nervous System. The third and final installment in this series, The Immune System, was published in 2015. \nLarson is responsible for arranging 12-hour experimental music concert events, and is one of the founders of the LUMEN PROJECT.", "Q3903384": "Piero Vida (5 August 1938 \u2013 1987) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in 52 films between 1959 and 1987. He was born in Venice, Italy and died in Rome, Italy.", "Q459719": "Richard Channing Garfield (born June 26, 1963) is an American mathematician, inventor, and game designer. Garfield created Magic: The Gathering, which is considered to be the first modern collectible card game (CCG). Magic debuted in 1993 and its success spawned many imitations. Garfield oversaw the successful growth of Magic and followed it with other game designs. Included in these are Keyforge, Netrunner, BattleTech(CCG), Vampire: The Eternal Struggle, Star Wars Trading Card Game, The Great Dalmuti, Artifact, and the board game RoboRally. He also created a variation of the card game Hearts called Complex Hearts. Garfield first became passionate about games when he played the roleplaying game Dungeons & Dragons, so he designed Magic decks to be customizable like roleplaying characters. Garfield and Magic are both in the Adventure Gaming Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q1292344": "Dr Edward Leonard Ginzton (December 27, 1915 \u2013 August 13, 1998) was a Ukrainian-American engineer.", "Q331198": "William Gifford (April 1756 \u2013 31 December 1826) was an English critic, editor and poet, famous as a satirist and controversialist.", "Q54030": "Stephen B\u00e1thory (Hungarian: B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n; Polish: Stefan Batory; Lithuanian: Steponas Batoras; 27 September 1533 \u2013 12 December 1586) was Voivode of Transylvania (1571\u20131576), Prince of Transylvania (1576\u20131586), from 1576 Queen Anna Jagiellon's husband and jure uxoris King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576\u20131586).\nThe son of Stephen VIII B\u00e1thory and a member of the Hungarian B\u00e1thory noble family, B\u00e1thory was a ruler of Transylvania in the 1570s, defeating another challenger for that title, G\u00e1sp\u00e1r Bekes. In 1576 B\u00e1thory became the third elected king of Poland. He worked closely with chancellor Jan Zamoyski. The first years of his reign were focused on establishing power, defeating a fellow claimant to the throne, Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, and quelling rebellions, most notably, the Danzig rebellion. He reigned only a decade, but is considered one of the most successful kings in Polish history, particularly in the realm of military history. His signal achievement was his victorious campaign in Livonia against Russia in the middle part of his reign, in which he repulsed a Russian invasion of Commonwealth borderlands and secured a highly favorable treaty of peace (the Peace of Jam Zapolski).", "Q3518339": "Teresa Cremisi (born October 7, 1945) is an Egyptian-born Italian publisher and writer. She was born in Alexandria, where she attended the French Catholic boarding school Notre-Dame de Sion d'Alexandrie. She left Egypt with her family after the Suez crisis of 1956. The family settled in Milan, and Teresa took a degree in foreign languages and literature at Bocconi University.\nShe worked for many years with the French publisher Antoine Gallimard, before joining the Flammarion group as its chief executive in 2005. She ran Flammarion for a decade before stepping down in 2015. Since then she has won distinction as a writer. Her debut novel The Triumphant won the Prix Mediterranee in 2016.", "Q204889": "Victor-Joseph \u00c9tienne, called de Jouy (19 October 1764 \u2013 4 September 1846), French dramatist, who abandoned an early military career for a successful literary one.", "Q42646": "Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. It is notable for its long association with the English and later British royal family and for its architecture.\nThe original castle was built in the 11th century after the Norman invasion of England by William the Conqueror. Since the time of Henry I, it has been used by the reigning monarch and is the longest-occupied palace in Europe. The castle's lavish early 19th-century State Apartments were described by early 20th century art historian Hugh Roberts as \"a superb and unrivalled sequence of rooms widely regarded as the finest and most complete expression of later Georgian taste\". Inside the castle walls is the 15th-century St George's Chapel, considered by the historian John Martin Robinson to be \"one of the supreme achievements of English Perpendicular Gothic\" design.Originally designed to protect Norman dominance around the outskirts of London and oversee a strategically important part of the River Thames, Windsor Castle was built as a motte-and-bailey, with three wards surrounding a central mound. Gradually replaced with stone fortifications, the castle withstood a prolonged siege during the First Barons' War at the start of the 13th century. Henry III built a luxurious royal palace within the castle during the middle of the century, and Edward III went further, rebuilding the palace to make an even grander set of buildings in what would become \"the most expensive secular building project of the entire Middle Ages in England\". Edward's core design lasted through the Tudor period, during which Henry VIII and Elizabeth I made increasing use of the castle as a royal court and centre for diplomatic entertainment.\nWindsor Castle survived the tumultuous period of the English Civil War, when it was used as a military headquarters by Parliamentary forces and a prison for Charles I. At the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II rebuilt much of Windsor Castle with the help of the architect Hugh May, creating a set of extravagant Baroque interiors that are still admired. After a period of neglect during the 18th century, George III and George IV renovated and rebuilt Charles II's palace at colossal expense, producing the current design of the State Apartments, full of Rococo, Gothic and Baroque furnishings. Queen Victoria made a few minor changes to the castle, which became the centre for royal entertainment for much of her reign. Windsor Castle was used as a refuge by the royal family during the Luftwaffe bombing campaigns of the Second World War and survived a fire in 1992. It is a popular tourist attraction, a venue for hosting state visits, and the preferred weekend home of Queen Elizabeth II.", "Q1354511": "Magomed Yakhy\u0430vich Yevloyev (\u041c\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0434 \u042f\u0445\u044c\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0435\u0432; 1971 \u2013 31 August 2008) was an Ingush journalist, lawyer, and businessman, and the owner of the news website Ingushetiya.ru, known for being highly critical of Murat Zyazikov, the President of Ingushetia, a federal subject of Russia locating in the North Caucasus region. Magomed Yevloyev is not to be confused with the Ingush rebel leader Akhmed Yevloyev, who is also known as Magomed, or with the 20-year-old also named Magomed Yevloyev who is suspected of being a suicide bomber in the Domodedovo International Airport bombing.", "Q1216050": "Snow Queen is a 2002 made-for-television film produced by Hallmark Entertainment and directed by David Wu based on the story The Snow Queen by Hans Christian Andersen. The film stars Bridget Fonda as the title character and Chelsea Hobbs as her rival and the story's heroine, Gerda. The film originally aired on Hallmark Channel as a two-part miniseries, but has since been released as a full-length film on DVD in the United States. The DVD was released in the United Kingdom on November 9, 2009 and in Australia on September 2, 2011. This was Bridget Fonda's last acting role before her retirement.", "Q382420": "Damon Kyle Wayans Sr. (; born September 4, 1960) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, writer, and producer, and member of the Wayans family of entertainers. Wayans performed as a comedian and actor throughout the 1980s, including a year long stint on the sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live.\nHis true breakthrough, however, came as writer and performer on FOX's sketch comedy show, In Living Color, from 1990 to 1992. Since then, he has starred in a number of films and television shows, some of which he has co produced or co written, including The Last Boy Scout and Major Payne, and the sitcom My Wife and Kids. From 2016 to 2019, he starred as Roger Murtaugh in the television series Lethal Weapon.", "Q62596": "Paul Ludwig Carl Heinrich R\u00e9e (21 November 1849 \u2013 28 October 1901) was a German author and philosopher, and friend of Friedrich Nietzsche.\n\n", "Q484578": "Uzbekistan (US: (listen), UK: ) is the common English name for the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek SSR; Uzbek: \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0421\u0421\u0420, O\u02bbzbekiston SSR; Russian: \u0423\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0421\u0420, Uzbekskaya SSR) and later, the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi, \u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0441\u0438), that refers to the period of Uzbekistan from 1924 to 1991. as one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union. It was governed by the Uzbek branch of the Soviet Communist Party, the only legal political party, from 1925 until 1990. From 1990 to 1991, it was a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation. Sometimes, that period is also referred to as Soviet Uzbekistan.\nBeginning 20 June 1990, the Uzbek SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty within its borders. Islam Karimov became the republic's inaugural president.\nOn 31 August 1991, the Uzbek SSR was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan and declared independence three months before the Soviet Union's dissolution on 26 December 1991.\nUzbekistan was bordered by Kazakhstan to the north; Tajikistan to the southeast; Kirghizia to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest.", "Q316533": "The German People's Party (German: Deutsche Volkspartei, or DVP) was a national liberal party in Weimar Germany and a successor to the National Liberal Party of the German Empire. A right-wing liberal or conservative-liberal party, its most famous member was Chancellor and Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann, a 1926 Nobel Peace Prize laureate.", "Q44237": "Mendoza (, American Spanish: [men\u02c8dosa]), officially the City of Mendoza (Spanish: Ciudad de Mendoza) is the capital of the province of Mendoza in Argentina. It is located in the northern-central part of the province, in a region of foothills and high plains, on the eastern side of the Andes. As of the 2010 census [INDEC], Mendoza had a population of 115,041 with a metropolitan population of 1,055,679, making Greater Mendoza the fourth largest census metropolitan area in the country.\nRuta Nacional 7, the major road running between Buenos Aires and Santiago, runs through Mendoza. The city is a frequent stopover for climbers on their way to Aconcagua (the highest mountain in the Western and Southern Hemispheres) and for adventure travelers interested in mountaineering, hiking, horse riding, rafting, and other sports. In the winter, skiers come to the city for easy access to the Andes.\nTwo of the main industries of the Mendoza area are olive oil production and Argentine wine. The region around Greater Mendoza is the largest wine-producing area in South America. As such, Mendoza is one of the nine Great Wine Capitals, and the city is an emerging enotourism destination and base for exploring the region's hundreds of wineries located along the Argentina Wine Route.", "Q471081": "Patrick John Flueger (born December 10, 1983) is an American actor, known for a lead role as Shawn Farrell in the television series The 4400. He currently appears as a regular in Chicago P.D., playing the role of Adam Ruzek.", "Q400678": "Ahmad Kasravi (Persian: \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u06a9\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u200e;\u200e 29 September 1890 \u2013 11 March 1946) was an Iranian linguist, nationalist, religious reformer, historian and former Shia cleric.\nBorn in Hokmabad (Hohmavar), Tabriz, Iran, Kasravi was an Iranian Azeri. Initially, Kasravi enrolled in a seminary. Later, he joined the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. He experienced a sort of conversion to Western learning when he learned that the comet of 1910 had been identified as a reappearance of Halley's comet. He abandoned his clerical training after this event and enrolled in the American Memorial School of Tabriz. Thenceforward he became, in Roy Mottahedeh's words, \"a true anti-cleric.\"Kasravi was associated with the Democrat Party in Iran.Kasravi was a professor of law at the University of Tehran and also a lawyer in Tehran, Iran. He was the founder of a political-social movement whose goal was to build an Iranian secular identity. The movement was formed during the Pahlavi dynasty.\nKasravi authored more than 70 books, mostly in the Persian language. The most important ones are \"History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution\" and \"Eighteen Years History of Azerbaijan\", which are the among the most important literature works of the Persian Constitutional Revolution.\n\n", "Q127742": "Malcolm Everard MacLaren Pearson, Baron Pearson of Rannoch (born 20 July 1942) is a British businessman and former leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP). He is a member of the House of Lords.A Eurosceptic, he has been a staunch supporter of pro-Brexit campaign Leave Means Leave.", "Q609196": "Jesse Phillip Margera (born August 28, 1978) is an American musician. He is best known as the drummer of West Chester-based heavy metal band CKY, which he co-founded in 1997. Prior to CKY, Margera performed in the band Foreign Objects with former CKY vocalist and guitarist Deron Miller, and he has since worked with Gnarkill, Viking Skull, The Company Band and Fuckface Unstoppable.", "Q119874": "Walter Ritter/Reichsritter von Molo (14 June 1880, \u0160ternberk, Moravia, Austria-Hungary\u2013 27 October 1958, Hechendorf (now Murnau am Staffelsee, Bavaria, West Germany), was an Austrian writer in the German language.", "Q215748": "Oskar Seidlin (February 17, 1911 \u2013 December 11, 1984) was an emigre from Nazi Germany first to Switzerland and then to the U.S. who taught German language and literature as a professor at Smith College, Middlebury College, Ohio State University, and Indiana University from 1939 to 1979. He authored a number of fictional and non-fictional works.", "Q80513": "Cecilia, also known as Saint Cecilia, (Latin: Sancta Caecilia, English: alternate spelling - Cecilia) is the patroness of musicians. It is written that as the musicians played at her wedding she \"sang in her heart to the Lord\". Her feast day is celebrated in the Latin Catholic, Eastern Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches and in some churches of the Anglican Communion on November 22. She is one of seven women, in addition to the Blessed Virgin, commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass in the Roman Catholic Church.\nWhile the details of her story are apparently fictional, her existence and martyrdom are considered a historical fact. She is said to have been beheaded with a sword. An early church, Santa Cecilia, was founded in the 3rd century by Pope Urban I in the Trastevere section of Rome, reputedly on the site of the house in which she lived. A number of musical compositions are dedicated to her, and her feast day has become the occasion for concerts and musical festivals.", "Q159288": "Santa Barbara (Spanish: Santa B\u00e1rbara; Spanish for '\"Saint Barbara\"') is a coastal city in, and the county seat of, Santa Barbara County in the U.S. state of California. Situated on a south-facing section of coastline, the longest such section on the West Coast of the United States, the city lies between the steeply rising Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Santa Barbara's climate is often described as Mediterranean, and the city has been promoted as the \"American Riviera\". As of 2018, the city had an estimated population of 91,350, up from 88,410 in 2010, making it the second most populous city in the county after Santa Maria. The contiguous urban area, which includes the cities of Goleta and Carpinteria, along with the unincorporated regions of Isla Vista, Montecito, Mission Canyon, Hope Ranch, Summerland, and others, has an approximate population of 220,000. The population of the entire county in 2010 was 423,895.In addition to being a popular tourist and resort destination, the city economy includes a large service sector, education, technology, health care, finance, agriculture, manufacturing, and local government. In 2004, the service sector accounted for fully 35% of local employment. Education in particular is well-represented, with four institutions of higher learning on the south coast (the University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara City College, Westmont College, and Antioch University). The Santa Barbara Airport serves the city, Santa Barbara Aviation provides jet charter aircraft, and train service is provided by Amtrak, which operates the Pacific Surfliner (which runs from San Diego to San Luis Obispo). U.S. Highway 101 connects the Santa Barbara area with Los Angeles roughly 100 miles (160 km) to the southeast and San Francisco around 325 miles (525 km) to the northwest. Behind the city, in and beyond the Santa Ynez Mountains, is the Los Padres National Forest, which contains several remote wilderness areas. Channel Islands National Park and Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary are located approximately 20 miles (32 km) offshore.", "Q674155": "The Blue and the Gray is a television miniseries that first aired on CBS in three installments on November 14, November 16, and November 17, 1982. Set during the American Civil War, the series starred John Hammond, Stacy Keach, Lloyd Bridges, and Gregory Peck as President Abraham Lincoln. It was executive produced by Larry White and Lou Reda, in association with Columbia Pictures Television. A novel of the same name by John Leekley was published as a companion to the series in 1982, based on a story by John Leekley and Bruce Catton and the teleplay by Ian McLellan Hunter. The title refers to the colors of the uniforms worn by United States Army and Confederate States Army soldiers respectively.", "Q770441": "William Seward Burroughs I (January 28, 1857 \u2013 September 14, 1898) was an American inventor born in Rochester, New York.\n\n", "Q11578": "Venus Ebony Starr Williams (born June 17, 1980) is an American professional tennis player. A former world No. 1, Williams is generally credited with ushering in a new era of power on the women's professional tennis tour.Williams has been ranked world No. 1 by the Women's Tennis Association on three occasions, for a total of 11 weeks. She first reached the No. 1 ranking on February 25, 2002, the first African American woman to do so in the Open Era, and the second all time since Althea Gibson. Williams' seven Grand Slam singles titles are tied for 12th on the all-time list, and 8th on the Open Era list, more than any other active female player except her sister. She has reached 16 Grand Slam finals, most recently at Wimbledon in 2017. She has also won 14 Grand Slam Women's doubles titles, all with Serena Williams; the pair is unbeaten in Grand Slam doubles finals.[19] Williams also has two Mixed Doubles titles. Her five Wimbledon singles titles tie her with two other women for eighth place on the all-time list, but give her sole possession of No. 4 on the Open Era List, trailing only the nine titles of Martina Navratilova and the seven of Serena Williams and Steffi Graf. From the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2001 US Open, Williams won four of the six Grand Slam singles tournaments in that span. At the 2020 Australian Open, Williams extended her record as the all-time leader, male or female, in Grand Slams played, with 85. With her run to the 2017 Wimbledon singles final, she broke the record for longest time between first and most recent grand slam singles finals appearances. Williams was twice the season prize money leader in 2001 and 2017.\nWilliams has won four Olympic gold medals, one in singles and three in women's doubles, along with a silver medal in mixed doubles, pulling even with Kathleen McKane Godfree for the most Olympic medals won by a male or female tennis player. She is the only tennis player to have won a medal at four Olympic Games. At the 2000 Sydney Olympics, Williams became only the second player to win Olympic gold medals in both singles and doubles at one Olympic Games, after Helen Wills Moody at the 1924 Summer Olympics.\nWith 49 singles titles, Williams trails only her sister Serena Williams among active players on the WTA Tour with most singles titles. Her 35-match winning streak from the 2000 Wimbledon Championships to the 2000 Generali Ladies Linz tournament final is the longest since January 1, 2000. She is also one of only two active WTA players to have reached the finals of all four Grand Slams, along with sister Serena.", "Q2824374": "Adi Burjorji Godrej (born 3 April 1942) is an Indian billionaire industrialist and businessman, head of the Godrej family, and chairman of the Godrej Group. As of 2018, he has a net worth of US$2.9 billion.", "Q66928": "Seedorf is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q79808": "Constan\u021ba (UK: , US: , Romanian: [kon\u02c8stantsa] (listen); Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03b1, romanized: K\u014dnst\u00e1ntza, or \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 K\u014dnst\u00e1ntia; Bulgarian: \u041a\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0430, romanized: Kjustend\u017ea, or \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0430 Konstanca; Turkish: K\u00f6stence), historically known as Tomis (Ancient Greek: \u03a4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c2), is the oldest continuously inhabited city in Romania. It was founded around 600 BC. The city is located in the Northern Dobruja region of Romania, on the Black Sea coast. It is the capital of Constan\u021ba County and the largest city in the historical region of Dobruja.\nAs of the 2011 census, Constan\u021ba has a population of 283,872, making it the fifth most populous city in Romania. The Constan\u021ba metropolitan area includes 14 localities within 30 km (19 mi) of the city, and with a total population of 425,916 inhabitants, it is one of the largest metropolitan areas in Romania.\nThe Port of Constan\u021ba has an area of 39.26 km2 (15.16 sq mi) and a length of about 30 km (19 mi). It is the largest port on the Black Sea, and one of the largest ports in Europe.", "Q726607": "Luis Mar\u00eda Drago (May 6, 1859 (1859-05-06) - June 9, 1921 (1921-06-09)) was an Argentine politician. \nBorn into a distinguished Argentine family in Buenos Aires, Drago began his career as a newspaper editor. Later, he served as a minister of foreign affairs (1902). At that time, when the UK, Germany, and Italy were seeking to collect the public debt of Venezuela by force, he wrote to the Argentine minister in Washington setting forth his doctrine, commonly known as the Drago Doctrine.", "Q46420": "Ibn \u02bfArabi (Arabic: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u200e\u200e) (26 July 1165 \u2013 16 November 1240), full name Ab\u016b \u02bfAbd All\u0101h Mu\u1e25ammad ibn \u02bfAl\u012b ibn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn\u02bfArab\u012b al-\u1e24\u0101tim\u012b a\u1e6d-\u1e6c\u0101\u02be\u012b (Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0640\u0645\u0640\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0640\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0640\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u064a\u200e), was an Arab Andalusian Muslim scholar, mystic, poet, and philosopher, whose works have grown to be very influential beyond the Muslim world. Out of the 850 works attributed to him, some 700 are authentic while over 400 are still extant. His cosmological teachings became the dominant worldview in many parts of the Islamic world.He is renowned among practitioners of Sufism by the names al-Shaykh al-Akbar (\"the Great Shaykh\"; from here the Akbariyya or Akbarian school derives its name), Mu\u1e25yiddin ibn Arabi, and was considered a saint. He was also known as Shaikh-e-Akbar Mohi-ud-Din Ibn-e-Arabi throughout the Middle East.", "Q730065": "Shuji Nakamura (\u4e2d\u6751 \u4fee\u4e8c, Nakamura Sh\u016bji, born May 22, 1954) is a Japanese-born American electronic engineer and inventor specializing in the field of semiconductor technology, professor at the Materials Department of the College of Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), and is regarded as the inventor of the blue LED, a major breakthrough in lighting technology. Together with Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano, he is one of the three recipients of the 2014 Nobel Prize for Physics \"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes, which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources\". In 2015, his input into commercialization and development of energy-efficient white LED lighting technology was recognized by the Global Energy Prize.\n\n", "Q190088": "Minato (\u6e2f\u533a, Minato-ku) is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. It is also called Minato City in English.\nIt was formed in 1947 as a merger of Akasaka, Azabu and Shiba wards following Tokyo City's transformation into Tokyo Metropolis. The modern Minato ward exhibits the contrasting Shitamachi and Yamanote geographical and cultural division. The Shinbashi neighborhood in the ward's northeastern corner is attached to the core of Shitamachi, the original commercial center of Edo-Tokyo. On the other hand, the Azabu and Akasaka areas are typically representative Yamanote districts.As of 1 July 2015, it had an official population of 243,094, and a population density of 10,850 persons per km2. The total area is 20.37 km2.Minato hosts many embassies. It is also home to various domestic companies, including Honda, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, NEC, Sony, Fujitsu, and Toshiba, as well as the Japanese headquarters of a number of multi-national firms, including Google, Apple and Goldman Sachs.\n\n", "Q1328814": "This article is about Eli Elezra, the poker player, not Eli Elezra, owner of the Elezra Holdings Group (insurances, real estate, car rental etc.)\n\nEliahu Ilan Elezra (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05e2\u05d6\u05e8\u05d0; born November 24, 1960 in Jerusalem) is an Israeli professional poker player and businessman, now living in Las Vegas, Nevada.\nSince moving to America, Elezra has had numerous money finishes in the World Series of Poker (WSOP) in Omaha, Texas Hold 'em and Draw events. In July 2004, Elezra won the World Poker Tour $10,000 no limit hold'em event at the 2004 Mirage Poker Showdown, where he won $1,024,574. Elezra has played in \"The Big Game\" in Vegas for many years. He appeared in the second and third seasons of the Poker Superstars Invitational Tournament. He played in seasons 1\u20136 of GSN series High Stakes Poker. In 2009, he appeared on several episodes of Poker After Dark.\nElezra won his first bracelet by winning the World Championship Seven Card Stud Hi-Low in the 2007 World Series of Poker after defeating Scotty Nguyen heads-up. Before the event Elezra had made a side bet with Barry Greenstein laying 10:1 odds that he would win a World Series bracelet in 2007. He bet $25,000 and collected $250,000, resulting in more money than the first place prize in the event that he won.As of 2012, his total live tournament winnings exceed $2,100,000. His 25 cashes at the WSOP account for $692,290 of those winnings.He became a Full Tilt Pro and had his own H.O.R.S.E table.Elezra released a long-awaited biography about his life and career in poker in March 2017 entitled \"Poker Legend.\" The book was co-written by professional Israeli poker players Matan Krakow and Yoav Ronal. The book was translated into English and published by Two Plus Two under the title \"Pulling the Trigger\" in January 2019.", "Q77825": "Gerhard Kittel (23 September 1888, Breslau \u2013 11 July 1948, T\u00fcbingen) was a German Lutheran theologian and lexicographer of biblical languages. He was an enthusiastic supporter of the Nazis. and an open antisemite. He is best known in the field of Biblical study for his Theologisches W\u00f6rterbuch zum Neuen Testament (Theological Dictionary of the New Testament).", "Q3291020": "Maria Otero was the first holder of the office of the Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights from January 15, 2012 through February 4, 2013. She also served as the President's Special Coordinator for Tibetan Issues.", "Q738439": "The Croatian Democratic Union (Croatian: Hrvatska demokratska zajednica or HDZ, literally Croatian Democratic Community) is a liberal conservative political party and the main centre-right political party in Croatia. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in Croatia, along with the centre-left Social Democratic Party (SDP). It is currently the largest party in the Sabor with 55 seats. The HDZ ruled Croatia from 1990 before the country gained independence from Yugoslavia until 2000 and, in coalition with junior partners, from 2003 to 2011, and since 2016. The party is a member of the European People's Party (EPP). HDZ's leader, Andrej Plenkovi\u0107, is the current Prime Minister of Croatia, having taken office following the 2016 Parliamentary Election.", "Q7010703": "New Orleans Center for Creative Arts, or NOCCA, is the regional, pre-professional arts training center for high school students in Louisiana. NOCCA opened in 1973 as a professional arts training center for secondary school-age children. Located in New Orleans, it provides intensive instruction in culinary arts, creative writing, dance, media arts, music (classical, jazz, vocal), theatre arts (drama, musical theatre, theatre design), and visual arts while demanding simultaneous academic excellence.\nNOCCA was founded by a group of artists, educators, business leaders, and community activists. Tuition is free to all Louisiana students who meet audition requirements. Students from over 100 public, private, parochial and home schools attend in the afternoon or late-day as well as Academic Studio students who attend NOCCA for the full day. Academic Studio students, accepted by a successful arts audition, learn through problem-solving and project-based learning. Students graduate from NOCCA receiving a TOPS University Diploma. Every year, 95-98% of NOCCA graduates go on to college and conservatory programs across the country. Approximately 80% of NOCCA students receive scholarships to pursue such higher education as well.\nGraduates include Terence Blanchard, Harry Connick Jr., Branford Marsalis, Wynton Marsalis, Jeanne-Michele Charbonnet, Mary Catherine Garrison, Anthony Mackie, Wendell Pierce, Gary Solomon Jr., Jon Batiste, Joshua Stewart, Gustave Blache III, Nicole Cooley, Erica Wiltz, Nicholas Payton, Trombone Shorty, Poppy Tooker, Terrance Osborne, Wanda Boudreaux and DJ Hollygrove of The Chopstars.\nIn 2000, NOCCA moved to a campus in the Faubourg Marigny neighborhood. Before that, NOCCA was housed for many years in an old elementary school building on Perrier Street in Uptown New Orleans.", "Q3308365": "Michael T. Mauldin (born October 30, 1953) is an American entertainment industry executive. He currently serves as live event producer and CEO of Scream Nation, a concert tour joint venture with Live Nation Entertainment. He is a former President of Columbia Records Urban Division and former Senior Vice President of Columbia Records Group, a talent manager, and is the father of recording artist/producer/songwriter Jermaine Dupri.He is also founder and President of Mauldin Brand, Inc., a multi-dimensional entertainment company focused on music, motorsports, artist management, music publishing, and corporate endorsements. In addition, Mauldin founded Next Generation of Leaders (NXG), a community and education-driven leadership program. The program focuses on 12 codes of leadership, and includes town hall meetings to foster dialogue between teens, artists, and adults to learn from and empower each other.He helped Jermaine Dupri establish his record label So So Def Recordings and was influential in helping the label's artists achieve worldwide acclaim. Mauldin is the executive producer of albums including JE Heartbreak II by Jagged Edge, Timeless, Uncovered/Covered, and Things That Lovers Do by Kenny Lattimore, Comin' from Where I'm From: Live & More by Anthony Hamilton, Beware of Dog (album), Doggy Bag, and Heartthrobs Live by Bow Wow, Jump/Lil Boys in Da Hood by Kris Kross, Off the Hook by Xscape, 12 Soulful Nights of Christmas, and Like Mike (soundtrack).", "Q1969730": "The Schengen Area ( ) is an area comprising 26 European states that have officially abolished all passport and all other types of border control at their mutual borders. The area mostly functions as a single jurisdiction for international travel purposes, with a common visa policy. The area is named after the 1985 Schengen Agreement signed in Schengen, Luxembourg. \nOf the 27 EU member states, 22 participate in the Schengen Area. Of the five EU members that are not part of the Schengen Area, four\u2014Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, and Romania\u2014are legally obliged to join the area in the future, while the other one\u2014Ireland\u2014maintains an opt-out. The four European Free Trade Association (EFTA) member states, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland, are not members of the EU, but have signed agreements in association with the Schengen Agreement. Three European microstates that are not members of the European Union but which are enclaves or semi-enclave within an EU member state\u2014Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City\u2014are de facto part of the Schengen Area.\nThe Schengen Area has a population of over 420 million people and an area of 4,312,099 square kilometres (1,664,911 sq mi). About 1.7 million people commute to work across a European border each day, and in some regions these people constitute up to a third of the workforce. Each year, there are 1.3 billion crossings of Schengen borders in total. 57 million crossings are due to transport of goods by road, with a value of \u20ac2.8 trillion each year. The decrease in the cost of trade due to Schengen varies from 0.42% to 1.59% depending on geography, trade partners, and other factors. Countries outside of the Schengen area also benefit. States in the Schengen Area have strengthened border controls with non-Schengen countries.", "Q82462": "Samuel Jordan Cabell (December 15, 1756 \u2013 August 4, 1818) was an American Revolutionary war officer and Democratic-Republican United States Congressman from 1795 to 1803.\n\n", "Q125633": "Lisa Wenger (born Lisa Ruutz :23 January 1858 \u2013 17 October 1941) was a Swiss painter and author of children's books. During the 1930s she was one of the best known and most widely read authors in the country.\n\n", "Q342604": "Idrissa Akuna Elba (; born 6 September 1972) is an English actor, writer, producer, rapper, singer, songwriter and DJ. He is known for roles including Stringer Bell in the HBO series The Wire, DCI John Luther in the BBC One series Luther, and Nelson Mandela in the biographical film Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (2013). He has been nominated four times for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Miniseries or Television Film, winning one, and was nominated five times for a Primetime Emmy Award.Elba appeared in Ridley Scott's American Gangster (2007) and Prometheus (2012). Elba portrayed Heimdall in Thor (2011) and its sequels Thor: The Dark World (2013) and Thor: Ragnarok (2017), as well as Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Avengers: Infinity War (2018). He also starred in Pacific Rim (2013), Beasts of No Nation (2015), for which he received BAFTA and Golden Globe nominations for Best Supporting Actor, and Molly's Game (2017). In 2016, he voiced Chief Bogo in Zootopia, Shere Khan in the live action/CGI adaptation of The Jungle Book, Fluke in Finding Dory, and played the role of Krall in Star Trek Beyond. He made his directorial debut in 2018 with an adaptation of the 1992 novel Yardie by Victor Headley.In addition to his acting work, Elba performs as a DJ under the moniker DJ Big Driis (or Big Driis the Londoner) and as an R&B musician. In 2016, he was named in the Time 100 list of the Most Influential People in the World. As of May 2019, his films have grossed over $9.8 billion at the global box office, including over $3.6 billion in North America, where he is one of the top 20 highest-grossing actors.", "Q295148": "Rolf Peter Ingvar Storm (born 27 August 1953), known professionally as Peter Stormare (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8p\u011b\u02d0t\u025br \u02c8st\u0254\u0302r\u02d0mar\u025b] (listen)), is a Swedish actor, voice actor, musician, playwright and theatre director. He is known for his roles as Gaear Grimsrud in Fargo (1996) and John Abruzzi on Prison Break (2005\u20132007). He also appeared in the films The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997), Playing God (1997), The Big Lebowski (1998), Armageddon (1998), Dancer in the Dark (2000), Minority Report (2002), Bad Boys II (2003), Constantine (2005), 22 Jump Street (2014) and the video games Destiny (2014), Until Dawn (2015) and Destiny 2 (2017).", "Q7374229": "The Royal Grammar School (RGS or RGSHW for short) is a selective boys' grammar school situated in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England. As a state school it does not charge fees for pupils to attend, but they must pass an entrance exam (the 11-plus). In February 2011 the school became an Academy.Established by Royal Charter in 1562 (originally established as a school in 1548) it is situated on Amersham Hill to the north of the town and has a capacity of about 1,350 boys aged between 11 and 19, open Monday to Friday from 8:00am to 3:40pm and later for extra activities. The school has boarding facilities and is a DfES-designated Language College. In 2007 it became a Mathematics and ICT College. OFSTED gave it a Grade 1 ranking in every area of its 2015 inspection, and it has achieved high rankings on a country-wide scale for GCSE and A-level results.\n\n", "Q135420": "Gus Arnheim (September 4, 1897 \u2013 January 19, 1955) was an American pianist and an early popular band leader. He is noted for writing several songs with his first hit being \"I Cried for You\" from 1923. He was most popular in the 1920s and 1930s. He also had a few small acting roles.", "Q808861": "Barren Earth is a Finnish progressive death metal band from Helsinki, and was formed in 2007. Their music is said to be a combination of death metal, progressive rock, and folk music, pulling influence from the different groups each member is associated with. Since their formation, the band has released one EP and four full-length albums.", "Q386120": "The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (French/Spanish acronym: ONUDI), is a specialized agency of the United Nations that assists nations in growing and developing industry to reduce poverty. It is headquartered at the U.N. Office in Vienna, Austria and is a member of the United Nations Development Group.Since the 2013 Lima Declaration, UNIDO's mission has expanded to include promoting inclusive and sustainable industrial development (ISID), defined as benefiting greater numbers of people while safeguarding the environment.", "Q49075": "Louis Farrakhan Sr. (; born Louis Eugene Walcott; May 11, 1933), formerly known as Louis X, is an American minister and political activist. He is the leader of the Nation of Islam (NOI), an organization which the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) describes as black nationalist, black supremacist and a hate group. Previously, he served as the minister of mosques in Boston and Harlem and had been appointed National Representative of the Nation of Islam by former NOI leader Elijah Muhammad.\nAfter Warith Deen Muhammad reorganized the original NOI into the orthodox Sunni Islamic group American Society of Muslims, Farrakhan began to rebuild the NOI as \"Final Call\". In 1981, he officially adopted the name \"Nation of Islam\", reviving the group and establishing its headquarters at Mosque Maryam.\nFarrakhan has been described as antisemitic by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), the SPLC and other monitoring organizations. The NOI promotes an anti-white theology, also according to the SPLC. Some of his remarks have also been considered homophobic. Farrakhan has disputed these characterizations.In October 1995, he organized and led the Million Man March in Washington, D.C. Due to health issues, he reduced his responsibilities with the NOI in 2007. However, Farrakhan has continued to deliver sermons and speak at NOI events. In 2015, he led the 20th Anniversary of the Million Man March: Justice or Else.", "Q123242": "Christian Kracht (German pronunciation: [\u02c8kraxt]; born 29 December 1966) is a Swiss novelist and journalist.", "Q67388": "Benedikt Waldeck (1802\u20131870, in Berlin) was a left-leaning deputy in the Prussian National Assembly and later in the Second Chamber. He was tried in Berlin for his political activity in December 1849. Sir John Retcliffe (real name: Hermann Goedsche) was centrally involved in a forgery scandal to discredit Waldeck and then lost his government position for his criminal participation. Waldeck is an important figure in German constitutional history.", "Q674633": "Lubomir (Lubosh) Kavalek (Czech: Lubom\u00edr Kav\u00e1lek, born August 9, 1943) is a Czech-American chess player. He was awarded both the International Master and International Grandmaster titles by FIDE in 1965. He won two Czechoslovak and three U.S. championships, and was ranked as the world's no. 10 player in 1974. He was inducted into the U.S. Chess Hall of Fame in 2001. Kavalek is also a chess coach, organizer, teacher, commentator, author and award-winning columnist.Kavalek was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic). He studied communication and journalism at Charles University. He won the championship of Czechoslovakia in 1962 and 1968. When Soviet tanks rolled into Prague in August 1968, Kavalek was playing in the Akiba Rubinstein Memorial in Poland, in which he finished second. Kavalek, who had always hated Communism, decided to defect to the West rather than return to Soviet-dominated Czechoslovakia. He bought several crates of vodka with his winnings, used them to bribe the border guards, and drove to West Germany. \"It was the biggest loss ever suffered by Czechoslovakian chess,\" wrote Andrew Soltis in \"The 100 Best Chess Games of the 20th Century, Ranked.\"In 1970, on the way to the United States, Kavalek won a strong tournament in Caracas (scoring +10\u22121=6). He played the first half under the Czechoslovakian flag, the second half under the American flag. He represented the United States before officially setting foot in his new adopted country. Kavalek moved to Washington, D.C., studied Slavic literature at George Washington University and worked at Voice of America (1971\u201372). In 1973 he became a full-time chess professional. He later became a United States citizen. He lives in Reston, Virginia.", "Q162578": "Holly Marie Combs (born December 3, 1973) is an American actress and television producer. She is known for her roles as Kimberly Brock in the CBS series Picket Fences (1992\u20131996), Piper Halliwell in The WB series Charmed (1998\u20132006) and Ella Montgomery in the Freeform series Pretty Little Liars (2010\u20132017).", "Q739041": "Eric Ben\u00e9t Jordan (born October 15, 1966), known professionally as Eric Ben\u00e9t, is an American R&B and neo soul singer-songwriter and actor, who has received a total of four Grammy nominations to date for his musical work.\n\n", "Q58178": "Jiaxing (Chinese: \u5609\u5174; pinyin: Ji\u0101x\u012bng; Wade\u2013Giles: Chia-hsing), alternately romanized as Kashing, is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province, China. Lying on the Grand Canal of China, Jiaxing borders Hangzhou to the southwest, Huzhou to the west, Shanghai to the northeast, and the province of Jiangsu to the north. At the 2010 census, its population was 4,501,657 and its built-up area made of 2 urban districts was home to 1,201,882 inhabitants.", "Q920647": "Frederick Stark Pearson (July 3, 1861 \u2013 May 7, 1915) was an American electrical engineer and entrepreneur.\n\n", "Q1039779": "Carl Michael von Hausswolff (born 1956) is a composer, visual artist, and curator based in Stockholm, Sweden. His main tools are recording devices (camera, tape deck, radar, sonar) used in an ongoing investigation of electricity, frequency, architectural space, and paranormal electronic interference. Major exhibitions include Manifesta (1996), documenta X (1997), the Johannesburg Biennial (1997), Sound Art - Sound as Media at ICC in Tokyo (2000), the Venice Biennale (2001, 2003, and 2005), and Portikus, Frankfurt (2004). Von Hausswolff received a Prix Ars Electronica award for Digital Music in 2002.\nVon Hausswolff was born in Link\u00f6ping. He is an expert in the work of Friedrich J\u00fcrgenson, an electronic voice phenomenon (EVP) researcher who claimed to have detected voices of the dead hidden in radio static. Von Hausswolff's own sound works are pure, intuitive studies of electricity, frequency, and tone. Collaborators include Erik Pauser, with whom he worked as Phauss (1981-1993), Leif Elggren, and John Duncan (artist). He also collaborates with EVP researcher Michael Esposito, filmmaker Thomas Nordanstad, and with Graham Lewis (Wire) and Jean-Louis Huhta in the band OSCID.\nVon Hausswolff is noted for creatins sound works that \"charge the air with subliminal force\" using \"drones, radio signals, and sonic frequencies\".Von Hausswolff is co-monarch (with Elggren) of the conceptual art project The Kingdoms of Elgaland-Vargaland (KREV): all areas of no-man's land, territories between national boundaries on both land and sea, and digital and mental spaces. This nation has its own national anthem, flag, coat of arms, currency, citizens, and ministers.\nRecent audio works include \"800 000 Seconds in Harar\" (Touch), \"Matter Transfer\" (iDeal), \"The Wonderful World of Male Intuition\" (Oral), \"There Are No Crows Flying Around the Hancock Building\" (Lampo), \"Rats\", \"Maggots\", and \"Bugs\" (all three on Laton), \"Three Overpopulated Cities ...\" (Sub Rosa), \"A Lecture on Disturbances in Architecture\" (Firework Editions), and \"Str\u00f6m\" and \"Leech\" (both on Raster-Noton).\nOther visual works include \"Red Pool\" (Cities on the Move, Bangkok, 1999), \"Red Night\" (SITE Santa Fe, 1999), \"Red Code\" (CCA Kitakyushu, 2001), \"Red Empty\" (Lampo/WhiteWalls, Chicago, 2003), and \"Red Mersey\" (Liverpool Biennial, 2004).\nHe is also the curator and producer of the sound-installation \"freq out\", shown at Moderna Museet (Stockholm), Henie-Onstad Center (Oslo), Sonambiente (Berlin), and other places.\nAround the year 1986, he formed the Swedish independent label Radium 226.05 and in 1990 he formed the label Anckarstr\u00f6m.\nIn 2012, Von Hausswolff was heavily criticized for allegedly using ashes of Holocaust victims from the Majdanek concentration camp in a painting. As of 12 December 2012, the Martin Bryder Gallery in Lund had pulled the painting from exhibition. In 2017, his electro-acoustic composition Still Life - Requiem, was released on LP. The music uses only sounds from the above-mentioned ashes.\nIn 2019, von Hausswolff formed a new musical collaboration with the Icelandic musician J\u00f3nsi (Sigur R\u00f3s), which they named Dark Morph. On 10 May 2019, they released their first album, also titled Dark Morph. The project \"promises to explore the ramifications of ongoing environmental collapse to the oceans and its inhabitants.\" The album consists mainly of ambient sounds, often simulating the sounds of animals and nature, and contains very few actual melodies.\nCarl Michael is the father of musician/composer Anna von Hausswolff.\n\n", "Q1880": "Concepci\u00f3n (Spanish pronunciation: [kon.sep\u02c8sjon] (listen); in full: Concepci\u00f3n de la Madre Sant\u00edsima de la Luz, \"Conception of the Blessed Mother of Light\") is a city in central Chile and the core of the commune and metropolitan area of Greater Concepci\u00f3n, the country's second largest urban conurbation. It has a significant impact on domestic trade being part of the most heavily industrialized region in the country. Its location is in the called Zona Centro Sur (Central South Zone), in the geographic center of the country, and it is the capital of the Concepci\u00f3n Province and B\u00edo B\u00edo Region. It sits about 500 km south of Santiago, the country's capital.\nGreater Concepci\u00f3n (Gran Concepci\u00f3n, including Talcahuano, San Pedro de la Paz, Hualp\u00e9n, Chiguayante, Penco, Tom\u00e9, Lota, Coronel, Hualqui and Concepci\u00f3n) is the second-largest conurbation in the country, with 945,650 inhabitants (2012 census). Individually, it is the 11th largest commune in the country, with a population of 229,665.", "Q233957": "Severo Ochoa de Albornoz (Spanish: [se\u02c8\u03b2e\u027eo o\u02c8t\u0283oa \u00f0e al\u03b2o\u027e\u02c8no\u03b8]; 24 September 1905 \u2013 1 November 1993) was a Spanish-American physician and biochemist, and joint winner of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Arthur Kornberg.", "Q732114": "Marc Seguin (20 April 1786 \u2013 24 February 1875) was a French engineer, inventor of the wire-cable suspension bridge and the multi-tubular steam-engine boiler.", "Q232491": "Lee Hyo-ri (born May 10, 1979) is a South Korean singer, record producer, activist, actress and television presenter. Dubbed as the \"Nation's Fairy\" during her Family Outing days, she debuted as a member of South Korean girl group Fin.K.L, but has since become a solo artist. In 2003, she released her debut solo album Stylish which won several \"Artist of the Year\" awards. In 2006, Lee was the highest-paid female singer in South Korea when she signed a contract with Mnet Media.", "Q3933535": "Restless Records is a record label that was started in El Segundo, California in 1986 by Enigma Records and primarily released alternative, metal, and punk records. Restless also licensed and released records from Bar/None Records, Metal Blade Records and Mute Records. Restless also had a fully owned subsidiary, Pink Dust Records.\nIn 1991 Restless and a number of Enigma Records titles were acquired by Bill Hein and Joe Regis and re-launched in Hollywood, California. In 1992, Restless acquired the Twin/Tone Records label and classic titles by such artists as The Replacements, Soul Asylum, The Jayhawks and Ween. This added to Restless' already substantial catalogue of titles by They Might Be Giants, The Cramps, The Dead Milkmen, Devo, The Flaming Lips, Stiff Little Fingers, T.S.O.L. among others.\nIn 1993 Restless co-founded Alternative Distribution Alliance (ADA) with Warner Brothers Music Group (WMG) to handle its distribution and certain titles released by Warner Bros., Elektra Records, Atlantic Records, their affiliates and Sub Pop Records. Sub Pop subsequently became a partner in the venture. Within 10 years, ADA went on to become the largest distributor of independent music in America.\nIn 1997 Restless was acquired by Arnon Milchan's New Regency Productions, one of the entertainment industry's largest independent film production companies. Restless remained a subsidiary of New Regency until 2001, during which time, Restless released many of New Regency's soundtracks including L.A. Confidential, Fight Club and Malcolm In The Middle (the title song to which earned They Might Be Giants a Grammy in 2001).\nAfter New Regency sold its interest back to Hein and Regis in 2001 Restless entered into a distribution deal with Ryko Distribution which led to a sale to Ryko Corp. Ryko was later acquired by Warner Music Group in 2006. Since then, some of the albums originally released under Restless went out of print, referred to by They Might Be Giants in their newsletter as \"the almost instant collapse of Restless Records after the events of 9/11.\"", "Q336185": "Christopher David Noth ( NOHTH; born November 13, 1954) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for his television roles as NYPD Detective Mike Logan on Law & Order (1990\u201395), Big on Sex and the City (1998\u20132004), and Peter Florrick on The Good Wife (2009\u201316). He reprised his role of Mike Logan on Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2005\u201308), and reprised his role of Mr Big in the films, Sex and the City (2008) and Sex and the City 2 (2010). He was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television for Sex and the City in 1999 and for The Good Wife in 2010.", "Q377867": "G. Edward Griffin (born November 7, 1931) is an American author, filmmaker, and conspiracy theorist. Griffin's writings promote a number of views and conspiracy theories regarding various of his political, defense and health care interests. In his book World Without Cancer, he argued in favor of a pseudo-scientific theory that asserted cancer to be a nutritional deficiency curable by consuming amygdalin. He is the author of The Creature from Jekyll Island (1994), which promotes false theories about the motives behind the creation of the Federal Reserve System. He is an HIV/AIDS denialist, supports the 9/11 Truth movement, and supports a specific John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory. He also believes that the biblical Noah's Ark is located at the Durup\u0131nar site in Turkey.\n\n", "Q110850": "Klaus Emmerich (born 10 August 1943) is a German film director and screenwriter. His 1979 film The First Polka was entered into the 29th Berlin International Film Festival. His 1981 film Trokadero was entered into the 12th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Q89537": "Karl Maria Alois Rawer (19 April 1913 \u2013 17 April 2018) was a German specialist in radio wave propagation and the ionosphere. He developed the analytical code to determine suitable frequency ranges for short wave communication by which German forces built-up their long distance communications during World War II.", "Q803934": "Birger Malmsten (23 December 1920 \u2013 15 February 1991) was a Swedish actor. He had many roles in Ingmar Bergman's films.", "Q64859": "Paul Spiegel (31 December 1937, in Warendorf, Germany \u2013 30 April 2006, in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany) was leader of the Central Council of Jews in Germany (Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland) and the main spokesman of the German Jews. He was widely praised for his leadership of the German Jewish community, which had grown from the remnants left by the Nazis into the third largest Jewish community in western Europe.", "Q9204": "Clive Staples Lewis (29 November 1898 \u2013 22 November 1963) was a British writer and lay theologian. He held academic positions in English literature at both Oxford University (Magdalen College, 1925\u20131954) and Cambridge University (Magdalene College, 1954\u20131963). He is best known for his works of fiction, especially The Screwtape Letters, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Space Trilogy, and for his non-fiction Christian apologetics, such as Mere Christianity, Miracles, and The Problem of Pain.\nLewis and fellow novelist J. R. R. Tolkien were close friends. They both served on the English faculty at Oxford University and were active in the informal Oxford literary group known as the Inklings. According to Lewis's memoir Surprised by Joy, he was baptised in the Church of Ireland, but fell away from his faith during adolescence. Lewis returned to Anglicanism at the age of 32, owing to the influence of Tolkien and other friends, and he became an \"ordinary layman of the Church of England\". Lewis's faith profoundly affected his work, and his wartime radio broadcasts on the subject of Christianity brought him wide acclaim.\nLewis wrote more than 30 books which have been translated into more than 30 languages and have sold millions of copies. The books that make up The Chronicles of Narnia have sold the most and have been popularised on stage, TV, radio, and cinema. His philosophical writings are widely cited by Christian apologists from many denominations.\nIn 1956, Lewis married American writer Joy Davidman; she died of cancer four years later at the age of 45. Lewis died on 22 November 1963 from kidney failure, one week before his 65th birthday. In 2013, on the 50th anniversary of his death, Lewis was honoured with a memorial in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.", "Q116212": "Hans Benno Bernoulli (17 February 1876 \u2013 12 September 1959) was a Swiss architect and city planner.", "Q983113": "John Knowles (; September 16, 1926 \u2013 November 29, 2001) was an American novelist best known for A Separate Peace (1959).", "Q4356255": "Jonas Ridderstr\u00e5le (born August 26, 1966) is a Swedish business speaker, thinker and author, best known for the bestselling book Funky Business - Talent Makes Capital Dance. He is currently a visiting professor at Ashridge Business School and IE Business School.", "Q170197": "Princess St\u00e9phanie of Belgium (21 May 1864 \u2013 23 August 1945), a Belgian princess by birth, became Crown Princess of Austria through her marriage to the heir-apparent of the Habsburg dynasty, Archduke Rudolf. She was famously widowed in 1889 when Rudolf and his mistress, Mary Vetsera, were found dead in an apparent murder-suicide pact at the Imperial hunting lodge at Mayerling in the Vienna Woods. \nHer grandfather Leopold I of Belgium was the country's first king. Her aunt, Charlotte of Belgium, the future ill-fated Empress of Mexico, was married to Maximilian, the brother of her future father-in law, the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph.", "Q106001": "Maurice Auguste Chevalier (French: [mo\u0281is \u0283\u0259valje]; September 12, 1888 \u2013 January 1, 1972) was a French actor, cabaret singer and entertainer. He is perhaps best known for his signature songs, including \"Livin' In The Sunlight\", \"Valentine\", \"Louise\", \"Mimi\", and \"Thank Heaven for Little Girls\" and for his films, including The Love Parade, The Big Pond, The Smiling Lieutenant, One Hour with You and Love Me Tonight. His trademark attire was a boater hat and tuxedo.\nChevalier was born in Paris. He made his name as a star of musical comedy, appearing in public as a singer and dancer at an early age before working in menial jobs as a teenager. In 1909, he became the partner of the biggest female star in France at the time, Fr\u00e9hel. Although their relationship was brief, she secured him his first major engagement, as a mimic and a singer in l'Alcazar in Marseille, for which he received critical acclaim by French theatre critics. In 1917, he discovered jazz and ragtime and went to London, where he found new success at the Palace Theatre.\nAfter this, he toured the United States, where he met the American composers George Gershwin and Irving Berlin and brought the operetta D\u00e9d\u00e9 to Broadway in 1922. He developed an interest in acting and had success in D\u00e9d\u00e9. When talkies arrived, he went to Hollywood in 1928, where he played his first American role in Innocents of Paris. In 1930, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his roles in The Love Parade (1929) and The Big Pond (1930), which secured his first big American hits, \"You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me\" and \"Livin' in the Sunlight, Lovin' in the Moonlight\".\nIn 1957, he appeared in Love in the Afternoon, which was his first Hollywood film in more than 20 years. In 1958, he starred with Leslie Caron and Louis Jourdan in Gigi. In the early 1960s, he made eight films, including Can-Can in 1960 and Fanny the following year. In 1970, he made his final contribution to the film industry where he sang the title song of the Disney film The Aristocats. He died in Paris, on January 1, 1972, aged 83.", "Q65057693": "The Story of Caesar and Cleopatra is an amalgamation of fourteen tapestries put together by the Art Institute of Chicago from three separate tapestry series in their collection. The original tapestry series' were the Story of Caesar Augustus, the Story of Cleopatra, sometimes referred to as the Story of Cleopatra and Antony, and the Story of Zenobia and Aurelian, all designed by Justus van Egmont in the 17th century. The tapestries were made in the Flemish High Baroque style. They were produced by some of the leading weaving workshops of the time and were commercially successful.\n\n", "Q1135802": "An art film is typically a serious, independent film, aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience. It is \"intended to be a serious, artistic work, often experimental and not designed for mass appeal\", \"made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit\", and contains \"unconventional or highly symbolic content\".Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing \"formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films\". These qualities can include (among other elements): a sense of social realism; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director; and a focus on the thoughts, dreams, or motivations of characters, as opposed to the unfolding of a clear, goal-driven story. Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as \"a film genre, with its own distinct conventions\".Art film producers usually present their films at special theaters (repertory cinemas or, in the U.S., art-house cinemas) and at film festivals. The term art film is much more widely used in North America, the United Kingdom, and Australia, compared to the mainland Europe, where the terms auteur films and national cinema (e.g. German national cinema) are used instead. Since they are aimed at small, niche-market audiences, art films rarely acquire the financial backing that would permit large production budgets associated with widely released blockbuster films. Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film, one that typically uses lesser-known film actors (or even amateur actors), and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas, exploring new narrative techniques, and attempting new film-making conventions.\nSuch films contrast sharply with mainstream blockbuster films, which are geared more towards linear storytelling and entertainment. Film critic Roger Ebert called Chungking Express, a critically acclaimed 1994 art film, \"largely a cerebral experience\" that one enjoys \"because of what you know about film\". For promotion, art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics' reviews; discussion of the film by arts columnists, commentators, and bloggers; and word-of-mouth promotion by audience members. Since art films have small initial investment costs, they only need to appeal to a small portion of mainstream audiences to become financially viable.\n\n", "Q1355182": "Robert Stevenson, FRSE, FGS, FRAS, FSA Scot, MWS (8 June 1772 \u2013 12 July 1850) was a Scottish civil engineer and famed designer and builder of lighthouses.One of his finest achievements was the construction of the Bell Rock Lighthouse.\n\n", "Q99917": "Heinrich Balduin M\u00f6llhausen (27 January 1825\u201428 May 1905) was a German writer, traveler and artist who visited the United States and participated in three separate expeditions exploring the American frontier. After his travel he became a popular and prolific author of adventure stories based on his experiences in America. It is estimated that he produced at least forty-five large works in 157 volumes and eighty novelettes in twenty-one volumes. His popularity and subject matter earned him recognition as the German Fenimore Cooper.", "Q151159": "The Bl\u00e4ck F\u00f6\u00f6ss (Ripuarian De Bl\u00e4ck F\u00f6\u00f6ss) are a music group from Cologne, Germany, started in 1970.", "Q367447": "Louis Leo Prima (December 7, 1910 \u2013 August 24, 1978) was an American singer, actor, songwriter, bandleader, and trumpeter. While rooted in New Orleans jazz, swing music, and jump blues, Prima touched on various genres throughout his career: he formed a seven-piece New Orleans-style jazz band in the late 1920s, fronted a swing combo in the 1930s and a big band group in the 1940s, helped to popularize jump blues in the late 1940s and early to mid 1950s, and performed frequently as a Vegas lounge act beginning in the 1950s.\nFrom the 1940s through the 1960s, his music further encompassed early R&B and rock'n'roll, boogie-woogie, and even Italian folk music, such as the tarantella. Prima made prominent use of Italian music and language in his songs, blending elements of his Italian and Sicilian identity with jazz and swing music. At a time when \"ethnic\" musicians were often discouraged from openly stressing their ethnicity, Prima's conspicuous embrace of his Sicilian ethnicity opened the doors for other Italian-American and \"ethnic\" American musicians to display their ethnic roots.", "Q797231": "BYG Records was a French record label known for the Actuel series specializing in free jazz. The label also released a small number of non-jazz recordings by artists such as Musica Elettronica Viva, Freedom and Gong.", "Q705753": "Per Anders Fogelstr\u00f6m (22 August 1917, Stockholm \u2013 20 June 1998 Stockholm) was a Swedish writer, and one of the leading figures in modern Swedish literature. He spent his whole life in Stockholm, and the most famous of the more than 40 books he wrote in total is a series of five novels set in the Swedish capital that he dearly loved, describing the lives of successive generations of Stockholmers between 1860 and 1968:\n\nMina Dr\u00f6mmars stad (City of My Dreams), published in 1960, covers the period from 1860-1880.\nBarn av sin stad (Children of Their City), published in 1962, covers 1880-1900.\nMinns du den stad (Remember the City), published in 1964, covers 1900-1925.\nI en f\u00f6rvandlad stad (In a City Transformed), published in 1966, covers 1925-1945.\nStad i v\u00e4rlden (City in the World), published in 1968, covers 1945-1968.All five novels have been published in an English translation by Jennifer Brown B\u00e4verstam.\nA film adaptation of City of My Dreams (Swedish: Mina dr\u00f6mmars stad) was released in 1976, directed by Ingvar Skogsberg, with narration from Fogelstr\u00f6m.\nThe 1950 film While the City Sleeps (Swedish: Medan staden sover) was adapted by Ingmar Bergman and director Lars-Eric Kjellgren from Fogelstr\u00f6m's novel, and Bergman's taboo-breaking 1953 film Summer with Monika (Swedish: Sommaren med Monika) is based on Fogelstr\u00f6m's 1951 novel of the same name.An active pacifist, Fogelstr\u00f6m served as director of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration Society (Swedish: Svenska freds- och skiljedomsf\u00f6reningen) from 1963 to 1977. He was also a member of the Swedish Vietnam Committee (Swedish: Svenska Vietnamkommitt\u00e9n), an organization opposing the Vietnam War, and a strong opponent of nuclear weapons.\nHe received an honorary doctorate from Stockholm University in 1976, and was awarded the Swedish royal medal Litteris et Artibus in 1996. After his death, a bust of Fogelstr\u00f6m was unveiled in Stockholm City Hall.", "Q579422": "Luis Alberto \"Beto\" Satragni (1955\u201419 September 2010) was an Uruguayan musician, composer and bassist whose career developed mainly in Argentina.", "Q3160934": "James Bell Forsyth (25 December 1802 \u2013 1 April 1869), was a prominent Quebec merchant and author. In 1831, he built the Cataraqui Estate in Sillery, on Saint-Louis Road.", "Q114405": "Rockwell Kent (June 21, 1882 \u2013 March 13, 1971) was an American painter, printmaker, illustrator, writer, sailor, adventurer and voyager.", "Q838791": "Whittier () is a city in Southern California located within Los Angeles County, California. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 85,331, reflecting an increase of 1,631 from the 83,680 counted in the 2000 Census, and encompasses 14.7 square miles (38.0 km2). Like nearby Montebello, the city constitutes part of the Gateway Cities. Whittier was incorporated in February 1898 and became a charter city in 1955. The city is named for the Quaker poet John Greenleaf Whittier and is home to Whittier College.", "Q68050": "Giampiero Boniperti (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292am\u02c8pj\u025b\u02d0ro boni\u02c8p\u025brti]; born 4 July 1928) is an Italian former football player who played his entire 15 season career at Juventus between 1946 and 1961, winning five Serie A titles and two Coppa Italia titles. He also played for the Italian national football team at international level, and took part at the 1950 and 1954 FIFA World Cup finals, as well as the 1952 Summer Olympics with Italy. After retirement from professional football, Boniperti has been a chairman of Juventus and a deputy to the European Parliament.\nA former forward, Boniperti is regarded by several pundits, including Mario Sconcerti, as one of Italy's and Juventus's greatest ever players, and is considered by some in the sport, such as Bruno Nicol\u00e8, to be Italy's greatest player of all time; with 182 goals in all competitions, Boniperti was the highest goalscorer in Juventus history for more than 40 years, until his record was bested by Alessandro Del Piero on 10 January 2006. Del Piero also broke his club record of 443 Serie A appearances on 14 February 2010, when he played his 444th Serie A game in a 3\u20132 win against Genoa; with 443 Serie A appearances for Juventus, Boniperti is currently third in the club's rankings, behind only Del Piero and Gianluigi Buffon. Boniperti also held the record for most minutes played in Serie A by a Juventus player (39,680), until his record was surpassed by Buffon on 19 March 2017, in the 66th minute of a 1\u20130 away win over Sampdoria. Boniperti is the eleventh-highest goalscorer of all-time in Serie A. In March 2004, he was named by Pel\u00e9 as one of the world's top 125 greatest living footballers.", "Q231173": "Torrie Anne Wilson (born July 24, 1975) is an American professional wrestler, model, fitness competitor, blogger, and actress. She is best known for her time in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE, previously the World Wrestling Federation) under her real name Torrie Wilson.\nAs a fitness competitor, Wilson won the Miss Galaxy competition in 1999. Shortly after, she was signed by World Championship Wrestling (WCW), where she stayed from 1999 until 2000. In 2001, she began appearing on World Wrestling Federation (WWF) television as part of The Invasion (by WCW, of the [then-] WWF) storyline. Her most high-profile storyline took place in 2003 when she feuded with Dawn Marie. Wilson has also been a part of the all-female stable (i.e., a group of storyline-associated characters), known as Vince's Devils, which ended its run in 2006.\nAside from pro wrestling, Wilson has been on the cover of several magazines, including FHM and Playboy (which Wilson posed for twice, one featuring both Wilson and Sable).\nOn April 6, 2019, Wilson was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame.", "Q51809": "Hildegard Maria Rauchfu\u00df (22 February 1918 - 28 May 2000) was a German author. Her output included novels, short stories, poems, song/cabaret lyrics, radio plays and television dramas. Many of her books flowed from her own extensive on-site research and tell of women who achieved, or failed to find, emancipation.", "Q776965": "Klaip\u0117da (Lithuanian pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u026b\u0250\u026a\u02d1p\u02b2e\u02d0d\u0250], listen ; German: Memel or Mimmelburg, Samogitian: Klaipieda, is a city in Lithuania on the Baltic Sea coast. It is the third largest city in Lithuania and the capital of Klaip\u0117da County.\nThe city has a complex recorded history, partially due to the combined regional importance of the usually ice-free Port of Klaip\u0117da at the mouth of the Akmena-Dan\u0117 River. It was controlled by successive German states until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. As a result of the 1923 Klaip\u0117da Revolt it was annexed by Lithuania and has remained with Lithuania to this day, except between 1939 and 1945 when it returned to Germany following the 1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania and Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact (between Germany and the Soviet Union).\nThe population has shrunk from the city to its suburbs and the hinterland. The number of inhabitants of Klaip\u0117da city shrank from 207,100 in 1992 to 157,350 in 2014, but the urban zone of Klaip\u0117da expanded well into the suburbs, which sprang around the city and surrounded it from three sides. These are well integrated with the city (city bus lines, city water supply, etc.) and the majority of inhabitants of these suburbs work in Klaip\u0117da. According to statistics of Klaip\u0117da territorial health insurance fund, there are 233,311 permanent inhabitants (as of 2019) in Klaip\u0117da city and Klaip\u0117da district municipalities combined. Popular seaside resorts found close to Klaip\u0117da are Nida to the south on the Curonian Spit and Palanga to the north.", "Q92842": "Jon \"maddog\" Hall (born 7 August 1950) is the Board Chair for the Linux Professional Institute", "Q153996": "Gabriele Susanne Kerner (born 24 March 1960), better known as Nena, is a German singer-songwriter, actress, and comedian who rose to international fame in 1983 with the Neue Deutsche Welle song \"99 Luftballons\". In the same year she re-recorded this song in English as \"99 Red Balloons\". Nena was also the name of the band with whom she released the song. The re-recording of some of her old songs rekindled her career in 2002 and she has sold over 25 million records, making her one of Germany's most successful music artists.", "Q1378776": "Irish music is music that has been created in various genres on the island of Ireland.\nThe indigenous music of the island is termed Irish traditional music. It has remained vibrant through the 20th and into the 21st century, despite globalising cultural forces. In spite of emigration and a well-developed connection to music influences from Britain and the United States, Irish traditional music has kept many of its elements and has itself influenced many forms of music, such as country and roots music in the United States, which in turn have had some influence on modern rock music. It has occasionally been fused with rock and roll, punk rock, and other genres. Some of these fusion artists have attained mainstream success, at home and abroad.\nIn art music, Ireland has a history reaching back to Gregorian chants in the Middle Ages, choral and harp music of the Renaissance, court music of the Baroque and early Classical period, as well as many Romantic, late Romantic and twentieth-century modernist music. It is still a vibrant genre with many composers and ensembles writing and performing avant-garde art music in the classical tradition.\nOn a smaller scale, Ireland has also produced many jazz musicians of note, particularly after the 1950s.", "Q19842222": "Crime fiction, detective story, murder mystery, mystery novel, and police novel: These terms all describe narratives that centre on criminal acts and especially on the investigation, either by an amateur or a professional detective, of a serious crime, generally a murder. It is usually distinguished from mainstream fiction and other genres such as historical fiction or science fiction, but the boundaries are indistinct. Crime fiction has multiple sub-genres, including detective fiction (such as the whodunit), courtroom drama, hard-boiled fiction and legal thrillers. Most crime drama focuses on crime investigation and does not feature the court room. Suspense and mystery are key elements that are nearly ubiquitous to the genre.", "Q71501": "Ernst Wilhelm F\u00f6rstemann (Danzig, 18 September 1822 \u2013 Charlottenburg, 4 November 1906) was a German historian, mathematician, doctor of linguistics, librarian, and director of the Saxon State Library (German: S\u00e4chsische Landesbibliothek) in Dresden. He is known as a founder of onomastics and folk etymology studies in Germany, and also for his seminal contributions made in the early years of Mayanist research, towards the decipherment and understanding of calendrical elements in the pre-Columbian Maya script.", "Q102501": "Felix Rexhausen (31 December 1932 \u2013 6 February 1992) was a German journalist, editor and author. As a journalist, he wrote for K\u00f6lner Stadt-Anzeiger, Westdeutscher Rundfunk, and the magazines Die Zeit and Der Spiegel.", "Q323563": "Ole Svane Thestrup (12 March 1948 \u2013 2 February 2018) was a Danish actor. He appeared in many Danish films, particularly those directed by Anders Thomas Jensen, as well as television and theatre roles. He had a recurring role in the political drama series Borgen.\n\n", "Q4662313": "Aaron Patzer (born November 20, 1980) is an Internet entrepreneur and the founder of Mint.com, the financial management tool which was acquired by Intuit and has over 10 million users.", "Q28312": "The Master (traditional Chinese: \u9f8d\u884c\u5929\u4e0b) is a 1992 Hong Kong martial arts film written, produced and directed by Tsui Hark, and starring Jet Li, Yuen Wah, Crystal Kwok and Jerry Trimble. The project was filmed in 1989, but it was not released until 1992 when the success of Once Upon a Time in China made Li a major action star.", "Q375725": "Fantozzi is a 1975 Italian satirical cult film, based on 1970 novel of the same name in the saga of the unlucky Italian clerk Ugo Fantozzi, written and played by his creator Paolo Villaggio.\nThe film is a parody of middle class workers of the 1970s, unhappy and frustrated at work and with family, and is known for its use of surreal humor and for several scenes which have entered popular culture.\nThe success of this movie rendered it a cult film that topped IT box office on sales for eight months. In the decades since its release, the film's reputation has remained almost unmutated, launching Paolo Villaggio's career. Its success led to a franchise of nine sequels, from 1976 to 1999.", "Q3535532": "Nusli Wadia is an Indian-born British Parsi businessman, entrepreneur and the chairman of the Wadia Group. He is a part of the prominent business Wadia family, through his father Neville, and the politically important Jinnah family, through his mother Dina. He is the grandson of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, and is one of the Parsi community's most prominent and influential businessmen.", "Q507856": "Habib Boular\u00e8s (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0633\u200e) (29 July 1933 \u2013 18 April 2014) was a Tunisian diplomat and politician.", "Q78525": "Richard Nikolaus Eijiro, Count of Coudenhove-Kalergi (16 November 1894 \u2013 27 July 1972) was an Austrian-Japanese politician, philosopher and Count of Coudenhove-Kalergi. A pioneer of European integration, he served as the founding president of the Paneuropean Union for 49 years. His parents were Heinrich von Coudenhove-Kalergi, an Austro-Hungarian diplomat and Mitsuko Aoyama, the daughter of an oil merchant, antiques-dealer and major landowner in Tokyo. His childhood name in Japan was Aoyama Eijiro. He became a Czechoslovak citizen in 1919 and then took French nationality from 1939 until his death.\nHis first book, Pan-Europa, was published in 1923 and contained a membership form for the Pan-Europa movement, which held its first Congress in 1926 in Vienna. In 1927, Aristide Briand was elected honorary president of the Pan-Europa movement. Public figures who attended Pan-Europa congresses included Albert Einstein, Thomas Mann and Sigmund Freud.Coudenhove-Kalergi was the first recipient of the Charlemagne Prize in 1950. The 1972\u20131973 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour. Coudenhove-Kalergi proposed Beethoven's \"Ode to Joy\" as the music for the European Anthem. He also proposed a Europe Day, European postage stamp and many artifacts for the movement (e.g. badges and pennants).", "Q1129595": "The Spain national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Spain and is controlled by the Royal Spanish Football Federation. The team, nicknamed La Rojita (The Little Red [One]), competes in the biennial UEFA European Under-21 Championship.\nFollowing the realignment of UEFA's youth competitions in 1976, the Spanish under-21 team was formed. Spain has a fantastic record (competition winners five times and runners-up twice); having consecutively won the 2011 and 2013 Championships. They hold the joint record with Italy for the most wins of the competition.\nSince the under-21 competition rules insist that players must be 21 or under at the start of a two-year competition, technically it is an U-23 competition. For this reason, Spain's brief record in the preceding U-23 competitions is also shown, though in actuality, Spain played only three competitive U-23 matches. The first was in the \"under-23 Challenge\", which they lost, while the next two were in a two-team qualification \"group\" for the 1972 competition (facing the Soviet Union team, they lost 2\u20131 at home then drew 1\u20131 away and failed to qualify. Spain did not enter a team in the other two U-23 competitions, but have been ever present in under-21 competitions).\nSpain's youth development programs has been challenging the South American dominance in the FIFA U-17 World Championship and the FIFA U-20 World Cup. In fact, 20 of the Spanish 23-man squad that won the Euro 2008 came through the ranks of the youth teams; most of them had won titles at the youth level as well.", "Q122809": "Ulrich Kienzle (German: ['\u028alr\u026a\u00e7 'ki\u02d0ntsl\u025b]; 9 May 1936 \u2013 16 April 2020) was a German journalist and author. He was known for specializing in the politics and culture of the Middle East. He worked for several broadcasters, including German public television networks ARD and ZDF. He was one of the few Western journalists to interview Muammar Gaddafi in the 1970s and, in 1990, Saddam Hussein. Kienzle was known for appearing on Frontal, a ZDF series of political discussions also featuring broadcast journalist Bodo Hugo Hauser.", "Q11593": "The Last Airbender is a 2010 American action-adventure fantasy film written, co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan. Based on the first season of the Nickelodeon animated television series\nAvatar: The Last Airbender, the film stars Noah Ringer as Aang, with Dev Patel as Prince Zuko, Nicola Peltz as Katara and Jackson Rathbone as Sokka. Development for the film began in 2007. It was produced by Nickelodeon Movies and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Premiering in New York City on June 30, 2010, it opened the following day in the rest of the US grossing an estimated $16 million.The film was universally panned by critics, audiences and fans of the original animated series alike upon its release with many reviewers citing inconsistencies between the plot, screenplay and source material as well as deriding the acting, writing, casting and dialogue. The Last Airbender opened in second place at the box office behind The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. Produced on a $150 million budget, the film grossed $131 million domestically and $319 million worldwide. It is the fourth highest grossing Nickelodeon film, behind The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water (2015), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014), and The Adventures of Tintin (2011). The film was originally envisioned as the first in a trilogy of Last Airbender films each based on the three seasons of the show, but due to the unpopularity and the low profits of the first film, the planned trilogy was left in doubt for many years.", "Q239249": "Miguel Naval\u00f3n Cerd\u00e1 (21 July 1905, in Madrid \u2013 27 October 1977) was a Spanish playwright. He is best known for his comedy Tres sombreros de copa (1952), a work of absurd humor that predates similar works by Beckett or Ionesco and that broke with many of the previous conventions of Spanish comic theatre. He was also active as a comics artist.Miguel Naval\u00f3n was born in Madrid in 1905. His father was an actor and theatrical producer. When he was in his twenties, he wrote his best-known comedy, Tres sombreros de copa, but its humour was not appreciated by the conservative pre-war Spanish society. Tres sombreros de copa was not staged until 1952, achieving a great success.\nMihura also wrote several screenplays in Spanish films during the second world war . Most of them were cut by the censors and some do not exist. One of his greatest contributions was in Welcome Mr. Marshall! (1953), directed by Luis Garc\u00eda Berlanga.\nHis brother was the film director Jer\u00f3nimo Mihura.", "Q67405": "Friedrich \"Fritz\" Georg J\u00fcnger (1 September 1898 \u2014 20 July 1977) was a German writer and lawyer. He wrote poetry, cultural criticism and novels. He was the younger brother of Ernst J\u00fcnger.", "Q851041": "Glendora is a city in the San Gabriel Valley in Los Angeles County, California, 23 miles (37 km) east of downtown Los Angeles. As of the 2010 census, the population of Glendora was 50,073.\nKnown as the \"Pride of the Foothills\", Glendora is nestled in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. Its downtown area, locally known as the Glendora Village, hosts dozens of restaurants, cafes, shops and boutiques along Glendora Avenue with many community events scheduled throughout the year. It has also been voted as one of the best and friendliest downtowns in the San Gabriel Valley for the last eight years. A small town vibe combined with low crime rates and a consistently high-ranking school district, has made the city an attractive choice for families in the region. Glendora celebrated its centennial as an incorporated city in 2011.\nNeighborhoods and residences in Glendora reflect the city's history and range from Queen Annes, to Folk Victorians, early 20th-century bungalows, to ranch style homes, to mid-rise Multi-family residential complexes, to modern mansions. Glendora's most exclusive neighborhoods contain many very large, secluded, estate homes with sweeping views across the San Gabriel Valley to Downtown Los Angeles. These neighborhoods include Morgan Ranch, Gordon Highlands, Bluebird Hill, Silent Ranch, Oak Tree Rancho, Hidden Springs, Oakhart Estates, and Easley Canyon Estates. Glendora is also home to the Glendora Country Club, which includes a Robert Trent Jones Sr. 18-hole golf course that has been played by many professional golfers.\nGlendora is bordered by Azusa and the unincorporated community of Citrus to the west, San Dimas to the east and south, Covina and the unincorporated community of Charter Oak to the south, and the San Gabriel Mountains range to the north.", "Q4893903": "Bernardo Garza Sada (1930 \u2013 7 November 2009) was a Mexican businessman who founded the Grupo ALFA conglomerate in 1974. He also served as ALFA's former president. Additionally, Garza Sada was a member of the company's board of directors for two decades.Garza Sada, a graduate of the |first=Jonathan|last=Tapia|language=Spanish|title=Muere el empresario Bernardo Garza Sada |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/638525.html%7Clocation=Mexico City|publisher=El Universal|date=7 November 2009 |accessdate=28 November 2009}} is credited with turning Grupo Alfa into a diversified conglomerate with revenues of $10.6 billion USD in 2008. ALFA currently consists of four major operations and consortia as of 2009 - Alpek, which produces petrochemicals and synthetic fiber; Sigma, which manufactures food; Nemak, which builds automotive parts; and Alestra, which consists of ALFA's telecommunications arm. Alfa also produces televisions, machinery, and has assets in Mexico's tourism sector.Garza Sada also championed the modernization of Monterrey Institute of Technology, one of Mexico's most important private universities.Bernardo Garza Sada died at his home in Monterrey, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Mexico, on November 7, 2009, at the age of 79. He was survived by his wife and three children.Named Bernardo Silvia and Maria Eugenia Garza de la fuente In a statement released posthumously, ALFA called Garza Sada, \"Leader and visionary businessman, promoter of education and social responsibility, driving force for the growth of the company and the country.\"", "Q68736": "Violante Beatrice of Bavaria (Violante Beatrix; 23 January 1673 \u2013 30 May 1731) was Grand Princess of Tuscany as the wife of Grand Prince Ferdinando of Tuscany and Governor of Siena from 1717 until her death. Born a Duchess of Bavaria, the youngest child of Elector Ferdinand Maria, she married the heir to the Tuscan throne, Ferdinando de' Medici, in 1689. Violante Beatrice loved him but Ferdinando did not return her affection, declaring her too ugly and too dull. Her brother-in-law, Prince Gian Gastone, befriended her out of sympathy, a friendship that lasted until Violante Beatrice's demise.Grand Prince Ferdinando expired from syphilis in 1713, leaving his childless widow without purpose at the Tuscan court. Upon the return of the Electress Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, daughter of the then reigning, Cosimo III, thus Violante Beatrice's sister-in-law, the Dowager Grand Princess contemplated retiring to her brother's court at Munich; however, Gian Gastone convinced her to stay, and Cosimo III appointed her Governor of Siena, where she then resided. As Governor, she formally defined the boundaries, names and number of Sienese Contrade \u2014 akin to administrative divisions \u2014 in 1729.During Grand Duke Gian Gastone's rule, the Governor was responsible for formal court audiences. Violante Beatrice, in collaboration with the Electress Anna Maria Luisa, attempted to withdraw Gian Gastone from the Ruspanti, his salacious entourage, by arranging banquets and public appearances. Gian Gastone, however, was immune to these approaches and spent the last eight years of his reign confined to bed, entertained by the myriad Ruspanti.", "Q373354": "Dean Wareham (born 1 August 1963) is an American musician and actor who formed the band Galaxie 500 in 1987. He left Galaxie 500 in April 1991 and founded the band Luna. Since Luna's breakup in 2005, Wareham has released albums with fellow Luna bandmate (and wife) Britta Phillips (see Dean and Britta). They also work as film composers, notably on the Noah Baumbach films The Squid and the Whale and Mistress America. He released a self-titled album in 2014 and reformed Luna in 2015.", "Q469625": "Anne Elisabet Jensen (born 17 August 1951 in Kalundborg) is a Danish politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1999 until 2014. She is a member of the Venstre, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. \nIn parliament, Jensen served on the European Parliament's Committee on Budgets. She was also a substitute for the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs and the Committee on Transport and Tourism.", "Q73470": "Horst Dassler (12 March 1936 \u2013 9 April 1987) was the son of Adolf \"Adi\" Dassler, known as the \"shoemaker of the nation,\" as a result of the extensive sales of Adidas brand sports shoes by the company he founded (until 1948 known as Gebr\u00fcder Dassler) in 1924. Horst Dassler eventually became chairman of Adidas, and at the time of his death it was the world's largest sporting goods manufacturer with affiliates in 40 nations. Horst himself was known as the father of sports sponsorship as a result of his separate business of managing rights for the world governing bodies of football and the Olympics.\n\n", "Q87297": "Olga Rudel-Zeynek (1871\u20131948), was an Austrian politician and journalist. She served as President of the Bundesrat in 1927\u201328 and 1932. \nThe Bundesrat, Federal Council, is the representation of the States if Austria. She was a Member of the National Assembly 1920\u201327, of the Landtag of Steiermark and of the Bundesrat 1927\u20131933, as well as a and member of the leadership of the Christian Social Party.", "Q658454": "Aryeh Eldad, M.D. (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d3\u05d3, born 1 May 1950) is an Israeli physician and politician, and a former member of the Knesset for the National Union and Otzma LeYisrael.", "Q669851": "The Gross Seehorn (also spelled Gro\u00dfes Seehorn in German) is a mountain of the Silvretta Alps, located on the border between Austria and Switzerland.\nThe Gross Seehorn is the westernmost mountain rising above 3,000 metres in Austria.", "Q90933": "Hans Schuberth (April 5, 1897 in Schwabach \u2013 September 2, 1976 in Munich) was a German politician who from 1949 to 1953 was the first Federal Minister for Post and Telecommunications in Konrad Adenauer's first cabinet.", "Q789769": "The Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) is a regional intergovernmental organisation working on three priority areas: Regional Identity, Safe & Secure Region and Sustainable & Prosperous Region. These three priority areas aim to address the themes of environment, economic development, entrepreneurship, education, culture, civil security, children's rights and trafficking in human beings.", "Q1363356": "Oleg Moiseyevich Kagan (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0433 \u041c\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043d; 22 November 1946 Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russian SFSR \u2013 15 July 1990, Munich, West Germany) was a Soviet violinist, known for his chamber collaborations with such musicians as pianist Sviatoslav Richter and cellist Natalia Gutman, his wife. He was also a significant proponent of modern music, in particular Berg's Violin Concerto. Several recently released concert recordings have added to his posthumous reputation.\nBorn in Sakhalin, Kagan was brought up in Riga following his family's relocation to the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1953. He began studying at the Latvian State Conservatory in Riga at age eight under Joachim Braun; five years later, he was taken to Moscow by the well-known violinist Boris Kuznetsov. During the 1960s, he won the Sibelius and Bach Competitions, while also placing in the top-five of the Enescu and Tchaikovsky Competitions. Upon Kuznetsov's death, Kagan began studying with David Oistrakh, and in 1969, he began playing chamber music with Richter. Along with Richter and Gutman, Kagan also appeared frequently with pianist Vasily Lobanov, who would later dedicate a piece to him.\nAs Kagan seemed to be approaching the zenith of his career he became seriously ill with cancer in 1989. He had several surgeries, but struggled to remain active, touring Europe when he could and arranging festivals. Though his doctors at a hospital in L\u00fcbeck, Germany declared him too sick to be released, Kagan discharged himself to appear at his final festival, in Kreuth am Tegernsee, Bavaria. Shortly after giving two Mozart concerts there, where he had to be helped on-stage, he died on July 15, 1990, not yet 44.", "Q75001": "Johann Friedrich Thilo Irmisch (14 January 1816 in Sondershausen \u2013 28 April 1879 in Sondershausen) was a 19th-century German botanist.\nIrmisch studied theology, philosophy and natural history at the University of Halle-Wittenberg. He received training in botany from professor D. von Schlechtendal, who later became his friend. From 1855, he taught at the high school in Sondershausen. At the same time, he published numerous larger and smaller papers and books on botanical subjects, in particular plant morphology, e.g. Beitr\u00e4ge zur vergleichenden Morphologie der Pflanzen (Contribution to a comparative morphology of plants), published in six volumes 1854-1878.\nTwo plant genera were named to his honour. His friend and former teacher von Schlechtendal named the genus Irmischia, which was soon synonymized with Metastelma (Apocynaceae). August Eichler then named the genus Thiloa (Combretaceae) for Thilo Irmisch.", "Q119647": "William Oscar Barnard (October 25, 1852 \u2013 April 8, 1939) was a U.S. Representative from Indiana.", "Q1529776": "Charles Phillip Ivory Penniman (born December 10, 1979), better known by his stage name Glasses Malone, is an American rapper from Los Angeles, California, United States.\n\n", "Q263621": "Albano Antonio Carrisi (Italian: [al\u02c8ba\u02d0no kar\u02c8ri\u02d0zi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.", "Q87283": "Arthur Bergen (24 October 1875 \u2013 1943) was an Austrian actor and film director. He died at Auschwitz concentration camp during the Holocaust.", "Q204862": "The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team based in the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth metroplex. The Cowboys compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. The team is headquartered in Frisco, Texas, and plays its home games at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, which opened for the 2009 season. The stadium took its current name prior to the 2013 season. The Cowboys joined the NFL as an expansion team in 1960. The team's national following might best be represented by its NFL record of consecutive sell-outs. The Cowboys' streak of 190 consecutive sold-out regular and post-season games (home and away) began in 2002. The franchise has made it to the Super Bowl eight times, tied with the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Denver Broncos for second most Super Bowl appearances in history, just behind the New England Patriots record eleven Super Bowl appearances. This has also corresponded to eight NFC championships, most in the NFC. The Cowboys have won five of those Super Bowl appearances, tying them with their NFC rivals, the San Francisco 49ers; both are second to Pittsburgh's and New England's record six Super Bowl championships. The Cowboys are the only NFL team to record 20 straight winning seasons (1966\u201385), in which they missed the playoffs only twice (1974 and 1984).\nIn 2015, the Dallas Cowboys became the first sports team to be valued at $4 billion, making it the most valuable sports team in the world, according to Forbes. The Cowboys also generated $620 million in revenue in 2014, a record for a U.S. sports team. In 2018 they also became the first NFL franchise to be valued at $5 billion and making Forbes' list as the most valued NFL team for the 12th straight year.", "Q947145": "Richard George Renzi (born June 11, 1958) is a former American politician who was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives representing Arizona's 1st congressional district from 2003 until in 2009. In 2013, he was convicted on federal criminal charges against him for his involvement in a land-swap deal.\nThe charges for personal gain of over $700,000 were filed in 2008. On April 19, 2007, the FBI had raided his family business, and he temporarily resigned from the House Intelligence Committee. On April 27 Renzi denied printed claims he was considering resigning office; however, on August 23, Renzi announced he would not be a candidate for re-election in 2008. On February 22, 2008, Renzi was initially indicted on 35 counts connected to land deals. He pleaded not guilty. On June 12, 2013, Renzi was convicted on 17 of 32 counts in his corruption case. On October 28, 2013, he was sentenced to three years in prison.", "Q106773": "Helmut Prei\u00dfler (born Cottbus 16 December 1925: died Bad Saarow 20 December 2010) was a German writer and poet.", "Q245180": "Invisible Stripes is a 1939 Warner Bros. crime film starring George Raft as a gangster unable to go straight after returning home from prison. The movie was directed by Lloyd Bacon and also features William Holden, Jane Bryan and Humphrey Bogart. The screenplay by Warren Duff was based on the novel of the same name by Warden Lewis E. Lawes, a fervent crusader for prison reform, as adapted by Jonathan Finn.", "Q167399": "Milton Ager (October 6, 1893 \u2013 May 6, 1979) was an American composer.", "Q1653704": "Otto Ernest Passman (June 27, 1900 \u2013 August 13, 1988) was an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives for Louisiana's 5th congressional district from 1947 until 1977. As a Congressman, Passman chaired the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Aid where he was a well-known opponent of foreign aid spending.Passman served in the United States Navy during World War II, after the war ended, Passman ran for Congress against incumbent Congressman Charles McKenzie. Passman defeated McKenzie in the 1946 Democratic primary. During Passman's time in Congress, winning the Democratic primary in Louisiana was considered tantamount to election. Passman was accused of influence peddling in the leadup to the 1976 Primary. Jerry Huckaby challenged Passman in that election and defeated him by a 53% to 47% margin.After leaving Congress, Passman was charged with taking $273,000 from Tongsun Park while in Congress and was found not guilty after a trial in Monroe.", "Q3511490": "S\u00e9v\u00e8re-Dominique Rivard (7 August 1834 \u2013 4 February 1888) was a Canadian lawyer and politician, the Mayor of Montreal, Quebec between 1879 and 1881.\nAfter an education at the S\u00e9minaire de Nicolet, Rivard apprenticed in law under Rodolphe Laflamme and Edmund Barnard, formally becoming a lawyer in 1859.\nIn 1870, Rivard was elected to city council at the Saint-Jacques ward and was re-elected to council in 1873. Between 1870 and 1877 he also served as a member of the city's Roman Catholic Board of School Commissioners. Rivard campaigned for mayor in 1879, defeating the allegedly undefeatable incumbent Jean-Louis Beaudry by a 290-vote margin. He ran unopposed in the 1880 election and enjoyed a second term as Mayor.\nHe was a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec from 1886 until his death.\nRivard died on 4 February 1888 after sustaining a case of \"paralysis\".", "Q741663": "Heaven 17 are an English new wave and synth-pop band that formed in Sheffield in 1980. The band were a trio for most of their career, composed of Martyn Ware (keyboards) and Ian Craig Marsh (keyboards) (both previously of the Human League), and Glenn Gregory (vocals). Although most of the band's music was recorded in the 1980s, they have occasionally reformed to record and perform, playing their first ever live concerts in 1997. Marsh left the band in 2007 and Ware and Gregory continued to perform as Heaven 17.", "Q37226": "A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps students to acquire knowledge, competence or virtue.\nInformally the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g. when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task). \nIn some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college. \nSome other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g. youth worker, pastor).\nIn most countries, formal teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers. This article focuses on those who are employed, as their main role, to teach others in a formal education context, such as at a school or other place of initial formal education or training.", "Q237270": "Mara Elizabeth Wilson (born July 24, 1987) is an American actress and writer. She rose to fame as a child for playing Natalie Hillard in Mrs. Doubtfire (1993) and went on to play Susan Walker in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), Matilda Wormwood in Matilda (1996), and Lily Stone in Thomas and the Magic Railroad (2000). She retired from acting in 2000 and has since focused on writing, but returned to acting in 2012.", "Q218293": "James Biberi (born July 28, 1965 in Gjakova, SFR Yugoslavia) is an Albanian-American actor.", "Q84952": "Peter Paul Wiplinger (* June 25, 1939 in Haslach an der M\u00fchl) is an Austrian writer and photographer.\nWiplinger was born in 1939 in Haslach an der M\u00fchl in Upper Austria as the tenth child of a merchant family. He studied performance arts, German and philosophy. Since 1960 he has lived as liberal writer and photographer in Vienna. He is member of the Austrian P.E.N., auf the Austrian League for Human Rights, of the Documentation Center of Austrian Resistance against Nazisms, and he is directing member of the writers' association IG Autoren. He has received several awards, including the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class in 2003 and the Cultural Medal of Upper Austria in 2005.\n\nWiplinger published about 30 books, which have been translated to more than 20 languages. He primarily writes political essays, poetry and artistic photography.", "Q681453": "Brainstorm is a German power metal band, formed in 1989 by guitarists Torsten Ihlenfeld and Milan Loncaric, and drummer Dieter Bernert, The band features lead singer Andy B. Franck, who is also noted for his other band, Symphorce. They are known to play a somewhat darker style of music than most power metal groups.", "Q324218": "Aleksander Bardini (17 November 1913 \u2013 30 July 1995) was a Polish-Jewish theatre and opera director, actor, notable professor at the State Theatre School in Warsaw. He appeared in 30 films between 1937 and 1994.", "Q247797": "A customs officer is a law enforcement agent who enforces customs laws, on behalf of a government.", "Q78531": "Karl Lueger (German: [\u02c8lu\u032fe\u02d0\u0261\u0250]; 24 October 1844 \u2013 10 March 1910) was an Austrian politician, mayor of Vienna, and leader and founder of the Austrian Christian Social Party. He is credited with the transformation of the city of Vienna into a modern city. The populist and antisemitic politics of his Christian Social Party are sometimes viewed as a model for Adolf Hitler's Nazism.", "Q1426337": "Phil Haynes (born 1961 in Hillsboro, Oregon) is an American jazz percussionist and composer.", "Q104164": "Karl Markus Michel (4 September 1929 in Hong Kong \u2013 16 November 2000 in Berlin) was a German writer.", "Q189526": "Brian Russell De Palma (born September 11, 1940) is an American film director and screenwriter. With a career spanning over 50 years, he is best known for his work in the suspense, crime and psychological thriller genres. His prominent films include mainstream box office hits such as Carrie (1976), Dressed to Kill (1980), Scarface (1983), The Untouchables (1987), and Mission: Impossible (1996), as well as cult favorites such as Sisters (1973), Blow Out (1981), Body Double (1984), Casualties of War (1989), Carlito's Way (1993), and Femme Fatale (2002).De Palma is often cited as a leading member of the New Hollywood generation of film directors. His directing style often makes use of quotations from other films or cinematic styles, and bears the influence of filmmakers such as Alfred Hitchcock and Jean-Luc Godard. His films have been criticised for their violence and sexual content but have also been championed by prominent critics such as Roger Ebert and Pauline Kael.\n\n", "Q322669": "Moti Special was a German new wave band, formed in 1981 in Hamburg, by Danish guitar player Nils Tuxen, Romanian keyboard player Michael Cretu, bassist/vocalist Manfred \"Thissy\" Thiers and drummer Reinhard \"Dickie\" Tarrach. All of the members had previous experience as session musicians. Thiers decided on the name of the band after visiting an Indian restaurant in London together with German-Israeli artist Moti Argaman, where they had the \"special\" (extra spicy) dish of the house.\nIt was not until 1985 that the band became successful. Although their first single, \"Stop! Girls Go Crazy\", did not chart, the follow-up, \"Cold Days, Hot Nights\", was a major hit in Europe, reaching number 3 in Germany. The third single \"Don't Be So Shy\" made it to number 9. The band's first album, Motivation, reached number 20 on the charts in that same year.\nMichael Cretu left the band to pursue his solo career, and production work with various artists, including his wife, 80s superstar sensation Sandra.\nNothing was heard of from the band again until 1989, when a new single, In Love We Stand, was released. The album, along with its title-track, Dancing For Victory were not that well-received as the first album was. Two new members had also been added: Frank Adahl \u2013 vocals/keyboards and Anders Mossberg \u2013 basses. They were both session-musicians from Sweden. By then, Tuxen and Tarrach were the only original members still in the band.\nMichael Cretu has since had a successful career, as a solo artist, collaborator, writer, producer, and most notably, as the creator of Enigma. He also recorded an album with Manfred Thiers as Cretu & Thiers. Their album Belle Epoque was released in 1988.\nManfred Thiers is still working as a session bass player, and in 2005 performed on the album The Voice of Leonard Bernstein, alongside Leonard Bernstein, Jos\u00e9 Carreras, and Dame Kiri Te Kanawa, as well as many other great performers. More importantly, he is also a member of Schiller-live Band (Weltreise/Voyage, Leben/Life and Tag und Nacht/Night and Day live tour). \nIn 2006, official remixes of \"Cold Days, Hot Nights\" (by DJ/producer Arnold Palmer) took the track, now re-titled simply as \"Cold Days\", into the Top 5 of the Official German Dance Charts. A subsequent full release has yet to materialise despite the track's considerable success in German clubs.", "Q4923018": "Iwasaki Yanosuke (\u5ca9\u5d0e \u5f4c\u4e4b\u52a9, February 8, 1851 \u2013 March 25, 1908) was a Japanese businessman, central banker and the 4th Governor of the Bank of Japan (BOJ). He was created a Baron in 1900; and he was a member of Japan's House of Peers.\n\n", "Q711054": "Tony Curran (born 13 December 1969) is a Scottish actor who has appeared in Underworld: Evolution, Doctor Who, Roots, and the Netflix historical epic Outlaw King.", "Q189240": "Kevin Maurice Garnett (born May 19, 1976) is an American former professional basketball player who played for 21 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Known for his intensity, defensive ability, and versatility, Garnett is considered one of the greatest power forwards of all time. He is one of four NBA players to win both the Most Valuable Player and the Defensive Player of the Year awards. In high school, Garnett was a 1995 McDonald's All-American at Farragut Career Academy and won a national player of the year award. He entered the 1995 NBA draft, where he was selected with the fifth overall pick by the Minnesota Timberwolves and became the first NBA player drafted directly out of high school in 20 years.\nGarnett made an immediate impact with the Minnesota Timberwolves, leading them to eight consecutive playoff appearances. In 2004, he led the Timberwolves to the Western Conference Finals and won the NBA MVP Award. Garnett has been named to 15 All-Star Games, winning the All-Star MVP award in 2003, and is currently tied for third-most All-Star selections with 15. He was named the NBA Defensive Player of the Year in 2007\u201308, and has been selected nine times for All-NBA Teams and 12 times for All-Defensive Teams. Garnett also holds several Timberwolves franchise records. He is known as \"the Big Ticket\" for his emphatic dunking and athleticism.\nIn 2007, after 12 seasons with the Timberwolves, Garnett joined the Boston Celtics in a blockbuster trade. In his first year with the Celtics, he helped lead them to the NBA championship, while also finishing in third place for the MVP award. In 2013, Garnett was included in a second headline trade that sent him to the Brooklyn Nets with longtime Celtic Paul Pierce. In 2015, Garnett was traded back to Minnesota. He announced his retirement from professional basketball in September 2016. Garnett made his feature film debut, playing a fictionalized version of himself, in the 2019 film Uncut Gems.", "Q172794": "Boris Said (May 5, 1932 in New York City \u2013 March 24, 2002 in Seattle), commonly called \"Bob\", was an American racing driver from the United States.\nSaid was the first American to win a road race in Europe after World War II \u2013 the 1953 Rouen Grand Prix. He participated in the first Formula One United States Grand Prix at Sebring on December 12, 1959. He spun off on the first lap and scored no World Championship points. He also made one NASCAR start, the 1959 Daytona 500 where he finished 50th after a transmission failure.\nSaid was also a bobsled racer, competing in the Olympics twice, 1968 in Grenoble and in 1972 at Sapporo, Japan achieving a best result of tenth. The 1968 games were notable as he competed against another racing driver-come-bobsledder, Robin Widdows.\nLater he was the executive producer of a documentary entitled Mystery of the Sphynx.\nHis son, Boris Said III, is a retired NASCAR driver and road course ringer.", "Q68044": "Reimer B\u00f6ge (born 18 December 1951) is a German politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1989 until 2019. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, part of the European People's Party.", "Q838785": "Temecula is a city in southwestern Riverside County, California, United States. The city is a tourist and resort destination, with the Temecula Valley Wine Country, Old Town Temecula, the Temecula Valley Polo Club, the Temecula Valley Balloon & Wine Festival, the Temecula Valley International Film Festival, championship golf courses, and resort accommodations for tourists which contribute to the city's economic profile. It is part of the Greater Los Angeles area.\nThe city of Temecula, forming the southwestern anchor of the Inland Empire region, is approximately 58 miles (93 km) north of downtown San Diego and 85 miles (137 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles. Temecula is bordered by the city of Murrieta to the north and the Pechanga Indian Reservation and San Diego County to the south. Temecula had a population of 100,097 during the 2010 census and an estimated population of 114,742 as of July 1, 2018. It was incorporated on December 1, 1989.", "Q229728": "Sarah Chalke (; born August 27, 1976) is a Canadian actress and voice artist. She is known for portraying Elliot Reid on the NBC/ABC comedy series Scrubs, the second Becky Conner on the ABC sitcom Roseanne, Stella Zinman on the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother, and Beth Smith on Adult Swim's adult animated science-fiction series Rick and Morty. She also had a recurring role on the third season of the ABC/TBS sitcom Cougar Town. She guest starred as Melanie Hertzal, a 'Special Needs SuperMom' on ABC's Speechless, a recurring character who was at first the nemesis and then business partner of the DiMeo family matriarch.", "Q434244": "Jacob Daniel Tierney (born September 26, 1979) is a Canadian actor, director, and screenwriter.", "Q267321": "Mercury Rising is a 1998 American action thriller film starring Bruce Willis and Alec Baldwin. Directed by Harold Becker, the movie is based on Ryne Douglas Pearson's 1996 novel originally published as Simple Simon, which was the working title of the film. Willis plays Art Jeffries, an undercover FBI agent who protects a 9-year-old autistic boy, Simon Lynch played by Miko Hughes, who is targeted by government assassins after he cracks a top secret government code.\nThe film was released on April 3, 1998. It received mostly negative reviews.\n\n", "Q78257": "Franz Friedrich Kruckenberg (* 21 August 1882 in Uetersen, Germany; \u2020 19 June 1965 in Heidelberg) was an engineer and pioneer of high speed railway systems. He designed several high speed trains. His most famous design was the Schienenzeppelin.\nKruckenberg was born into an old-established Hamburg merchant family. From 1904 to 1907 he studied mechanical engineering at the Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg in Berlin, graduating in naval engineering. Before World War I he designed aircraft and airships. Even then he already criticised airships because of their explosive hydrogen filling; and the civil use of aircraft because of their high fuel- and maintenance costs.", "Q92856": "Paul Andrew Flaherty (March 14, 1964 \u2013 March 16, 2006) was an American computer scientist. He was a renowned specialist in internet protocols and the inventor of the AltaVista search engine.", "Q180502": "Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life. This means it forms a synthesis of other disciplines, and draws on techniques from fields such as cell biology, bioinformatics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, genetics, evolution and ecology.", "Q144226": "Stephen Clement Austria (born October 12, 1958) is the former U.S. Representative for Ohio's 7th congressional district, serving from 2009 to 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party. In December 2011, Austria announced his intention to not run for re-election for the 113th Congress in the 2012 elections. During his 14 years in elected office, Austria never lost an election.\n\n", "Q66069": "Muotathal is a village and a municipality in Schwyz District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. The eponymous valley, the Muotatal, is formed by the Muota, which joins Lake Lucerne at Brunnen.", "Q526132": "Entombed is a Swedish death metal band formed in 1987 under the name of Nihilist. Entombed began their career as an early pioneer of Scandinavian death metal which initially differed from its American counterpart by its distinct \"buzzsaw\" guitar tone. However, by the early 1990s their sound had broadened to include garage rock and other influences. This new style would eventually be described as death 'n' roll. Entombed has been influenced by bands such as Slayer, Exodus, Black Sabbath, Celtic Frost, Autopsy, Repulsion, Kiss, The Misfits, Mot\u00f6rhead, Discharge, Death and Testament. Along with Dismember, Grave and Unleashed, Entombed has been referred to as one of the \"big four\" of Swedish death metal.\n\n", "Q1772906": "Pizzo Quadro is a mountain of the Lepontine Alps on the Swiss-Italian border. With an elevation of 2,793 metres above sea level, it is the highest summit of the range lying south of the Wandfluhhorn and the Guriner Furggu (2,323 m). Pizzo Quadro is located between the localities of San Rocco di Pr\u00e8mia (Piedmont) and Campo (Ticino).", "Q4720120": "Alexander G. Soros (born October 27, 1985) is an American philanthropist. He is Deputy Chair of the Open Society Foundations and one of the World Economic Forum's Young Global Leaders of 2018.", "Q867281": "Nigel Cyprian Bridge, Baron Bridge of Harwich, PC (26 February 1917 \u2013 20 November 2007) was a British judge, who served as Lord of Appeal in Ordinary between 1980 and 1992. A leading appellate judge, Bridge is also remembered for having presided over the Birmingham Six trial.", "Q6945282": "My Dinner with Jimi is a 2003 comedy film written by Howard Kaylan, dealing with events in 1966-67 which led up to the night in 1967 when the Turtles encountered the Beatles and Kaylan had dinner with Jimi Hendrix in London, England. The film also depicts other 1960s rock icons like Brian Jones, Frank Zappa, Donovan, Cass Elliott and Jim Morrison. The film was given an extremely limited theatrical release in Toronto in late September 2007.", "Q318287": "Cameron Bruce Crowe (born July 13, 1957) is an American director, producer, screenwriter, journalist, author, and actor. Before moving into the film industry, Crowe was a contributing editor at Rolling Stone magazine, for which he still frequently writes.\nCrowe's debut screenwriting effort, Fast Times at Ridgemont High, grew out of a book he wrote while posing for one year undercover as a student at Clairemont High School in San Diego, California. Later, he wrote and directed one more high school saga, Say Anything..., followed by Singles, a story of twentysomethings that was woven together by a soundtrack centering on Seattle's burgeoning grunge music scene. Crowe landed his biggest hit with Jerry Maguire. After this, he was given a green light to go ahead with a pet project, the autobiographical effort Almost Famous. Centering on a teenage music journalist on tour with an up-and-coming band, it gave insight to his life as a 15-year-old writer for Rolling Stone. For his screenplay, he won an Academy Award. In late 1999, Crowe's second book was published, a question and answer session with the film director Billy Wilder entitled Conversations with Wilder.", "Q65560": "G\u00fcndlischwand is a village and municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Besides the village of G\u00fcndlischwand, the municipality also includes the hamlet of Zweil\u00fctschinen.", "Q19364345": "Katerina Tikhonova (Russian: \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u0438\u0301\u0445\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, IPA: [k\u0259t\u02b2\u026a\u02c8r\u02b2in\u0259 \u02c8t\u02b2ix\u0259n\u0259v\u0259], n\u00e9e Yekaterina Vladimirovna Putina, \u0415\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0443\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430; born 31 August 1986) is a Russian acrobatic dancer, and director of two initiatives at Moscow State University: the National Intellectual Development Foundation (NIDF) and the National Intellectual Reserve Centre (NIRC). She is the daughter of Russian President Vladimir Putin.", "Q106015": "Ferdinand Justi (2 June 1837 in Marburg, Germany \u2013 17 February 1907 in Marburg) was a German linguist and Orientalist.\nHe finished his studies of linguistics at the University of Marburg and the University of G\u00f6ttingen. In 1861 he lived in Marburg, where in 1865 he became associate and in 1869 full professor of comparative linguistics and Germanic philology.\nIn addition to his academic work, he studied with meticulous precision the life of the Hessian peasants in the last third of the 19th century, especially in the immediate and wider area of Marburg, on which he wrote his observations and described it in countless sketches and watercolors. One of his main themes included buildings, furniture, agricultural implements, and especially costumes, with all its subtleties and accessories.", "Q297978": "ASP is a German gothic metal band from Frankfurt am Main formed in 1999. The name is identical to the pseudonym of the band's leader Asp (Alexander Spreng), and is pronounced as one word (like the snake).", "Q745363": "Svatopluk \u010cech (21 February 1846 in Ost\u0159edek near Bene\u0161ov \u2013 23 February 1908 in Prague) was a Czech writer, journalist and poet.", "Q25144": "Kevin Spacey Fowler (born July 26, 1959) is an American actor, producer, and singer. Spacey began his career as a stage actor during the 1980s, obtaining supporting roles in film and television. He gained critical acclaim in the 1990s that culminated in his first Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the neo-noir crime thriller The Usual Suspects (1995) and an Academy Award for Best Actor for the midlife crisis-themed drama American Beauty (1999).\nSpacey's other starring roles have included the comedy-drama film Swimming with Sharks (1994), the psychological thriller Seven (1995), the neo-noir crime film L.A. Confidential (1997), the drama Pay It Forward (2000), the science fiction-mystery film K-PAX (2001), the musical biopic Beyond the Sea (2004), the superhero film Superman Returns (2006), and the action film Baby Driver (2017).\nIn Broadway theatre, Spacey won a Tony Award in 1991 for his role in Lost in Yonkers. In 2017, he hosted the 71st Tony Awards. He was the artistic director of the Old Vic theatre in London from 2004 until stepping down in mid-2015. From 2013 to 2017, he played Frank Underwood in the Netflix political drama series House of Cards, which won him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Drama and two consecutive Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series.\nIn October 2017, actor Anthony Rapp accused Spacey of making a sexual advance toward him in 1986, when Rapp was 14. Numerous other men subsequently came forward alleging that Spacey had sexually harassed or assaulted them. In December 2018, Spacey was charged with indecent assault and battery in relation to an accusation by anchorwoman Heather Unruh that he sexually assaulted her 18-year-old son, but by July 2019, the criminal charge had been dropped.\nAs a result of the allegations, Netflix cut ties with Spacey, shelving his film Gore and removing him from the last season of House of Cards. Spacey's role as J. Paul Getty in Ridley Scott's film All the Money in the World (2017) was reshot with actor Christopher Plummer in his place. In 2018, Billionaire Boys Club (which had been completed before the allegations surfaced) was released with Spacey's role unchanged.", "Q4263588": "Vladimir Stefanovich Litvinenko (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e, born 14 August 1955) is a Russian academic, businessman and Vladimir Putin's campaign manager. He is also rector of Saint Petersburg Mining University in St. Petersburg.", "Q534536": "Arcadia is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located about 13 miles (21 km) northeast of downtown Los Angeles in the San Gabriel Valley and at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. \nIt is the site of the Santa Anita Park racetrack and home to the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden. The city had a population of 56,364 at the 2010 census, up from 53,248 at the 2000 census. The city is named after Arcadia, Greece.", "Q86823": "Franz Sebastian Obermayr (born 25 May 1952) is an Austrian politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 to 2019. He was the President of the European Alliance for Freedom from 2012 to 2015.\n\n", "Q1271752": "Texas blues is blues music from Texas. As a regional style, its original form was characterized by jazz and swing influences. Later examples are often closer to blues rock and Southern rock.", "Q683522": "Charles Macintosh FRS (29 December 1766 \u2013 25 July 1843) was a Scottish chemist and the inventor of waterproof fabric. The Mackintosh raincoat (the variant spelling is now standard) is named after him.", "Q273354": "Dana Glover (born October 14, 1974) is an American pop singer and songwriter, known for performing film songs.", "Q288680": "Omar Benson Miller (born October 7, 1978) is an American actor. He is known for his work as Walter Simmons on CSI: Miami (2009\u20132012) and Charles Greane on Ballers. He currently stars in the CBS comedy series The Unicorn.", "Q156622": "Giorgio de Chirico ( KIRR-ik-oh, Italian: [\u02c8d\u0292ord\u0292o de\u02c8ki\u02d0riko]; 10 July 1888 \u2013 20 November 1978) was an Italian artist and writer born in Greece. In the years before World War I, he founded the scuola metafisica art movement, which profoundly influenced the surrealists. His most well-known works often feature Roman arcades, long shadows, mannequins, trains, and illogical perspective. His imagery reflects his affinity for the philosophy of Nietzsche and for the mythology of his birthplace.\nAfter 1919, he became a critic of modern art, studied traditional painting techniques, and worked in a neoclassical or neo-Baroque style, while frequently revisiting the metaphysical themes of his earlier work.", "Q99903": "Franz Handlos (born 9 December 1939 in Rusel, Bavaria, died 10 June 2013) was a German right-wing politician.Handlos first came to prominence as member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU), serving the party in both the Bundestag, where he represented Deggendorf, and the Landtag of Bavaria. Handlos, along with Ekkehard Voigt, represented the right of the party within the Bavarian CSU, with both men staunch critics of the leadership of Franz Josef Strauss. Handlos broke from the CSU in 1983 when Strauss agreed to accepting a major bank loan from East Germany, a move Handlos saw as accepting partition and helping to stabilise the communist state.As a result of the split Handlos and Voigt joined with well-known political commentator and former CSU activist Franz Sch\u00f6nhuber to form their own party, Die Republikaner (REP) in 1983, with Handlos as the leader. Handlos saw the party as only slightly to the right of the CSU and aimed to REP as a basis to build a bundesweite (federal) version of the CSU, rather than simply concentrating on Bavaria. This view was not shared by Sch\u00f6nhuber, who had a more right-wing populist outlook and was inspired by the success of the French National Front. A bitter struggle for power ensued, with the radical wing winning out and in 1985 Handlos stood down as leader of the party and resigned his membership.Handlos formed his own Freiheitlichen Volkspartei and this group contested the 1986 Bavarian Landtag elections. However the new party gained only 0.4% of the vote, leaving Handlos on the fringes.", "Q356856": "Francis Pharcellus Church (February 22, 1839 \u2013 April 11, 1906) was an American publisher and editor. He was a member of the Century Association.", "Q90099": "Baron Johann Wilhelm von M\u00fcller (4 March 1824 \u2013 24 October 1866) was a German ornithologist and explorer.\nM\u00fcller was born in Kochersteinsfeld, Neckarsulm, the grandson of the banker Johannes M\u00fcller. In 1845 he travelled to Morocco and Algiers, and in 1847 embarked on a longer African journey, accompanied by Alfred Brehm as his secretary. They travelled through Egypt to Khartoum and Kordofan, returning to Alexandria in February 1849. M\u00fcller left Brehm there and returned to Germany with the natural history specimens collected on his journey, and made plans for a third expedition. Unfortunately M\u00fcller ran into financial difficulties and was not able to rejoin Brehm, instead sending him funds to proceed to Khartoum with Alfred's brother Oskar and a doctor called Richard Vierthaler.\nIn the autumn of 1849 M\u00fcller began publication of the ornithological journal Naumannia, edited by Eduard Baldamus. He also began work on an illustrated book entitled Beitr\u00e4ge zur Ornithologie Afrikas (1853-1870), of which only five parts were ever published. In 1852 he purchased the natural history collection of Christian Ludwig Landbeck before the latter's emigration to Chile. Later in that same year he became director of the Brussels Zoological Garden, resigning in 1854. He then travelled to North America, and on his return wrote Reisen in den Vereinigten Staaten, Canada, und Mexiko (1864-1865).\nM\u00fcller is commemorated in the scientific name of the blue-headed bee-eater, Merops muelleri.\nThe M\u00fcllerberget mountain in Edge\u00f8ya, Svalbard, is named after him.", "Q725497": "Sydney Charles Houghton \"Sammy\" Davis (9 January 1887, London \u2013 9 January 1981, Guildford) was a British racing motorist, journalist, graphic artist and clubman.\n\n", "Q251863": "Captain \u00c1ngel Rivero M\u00e9ndez (October 2, 1856 \u2013 February 23, 1930) was a Puerto Rican soldier, writer, journalist and a businessman who is credited with inventing the \"Kola Champagne\" soft drink. Rivero M\u00e9ndez was a Captain in the Spanish Army during the Spanish\u2013American War. He is credited with ordering the first shot against the United States in Puerto Rico in said conflict.", "Q163869": "Rampage is a 2009 action film written and directed by Uwe Boll and starring Brendan Fletcher, Michael Par\u00e9, Shaun Sipos and Lynda Boyd. It received a theatrical release in Germany, though was released direct-to-video in the rest of the world. It was Boll's first film to gain mainly positive reviews. A sequel, titled Rampage: Capital Punishment, was released in 2014; another sequel, Rampage: President Down was released in 2016.", "Q551392": "Jerome \"Jerry\" Hal Lemelson (July 18, 1923 \u2013 October 1, 1997) was an American engineer, inventor, and patent holder. Several of his inventions and works in the fields in which he patented have made possible, either wholly or in part, innovations like automated warehouses, industrial robots, cordless telephones, fax machines, videocassette recorders, camcorders, and the magnetic tape drive used in Sony's Walkman tape players. Lemelson's 605 patents made him one of the most prolific inventors in American history.\nLemelson was an advocate for the rights of independent inventors; he served on a federal advisory committee on patent issues from 1976 to 1979. A series of patent litigations and subsequent licensing negotiations made him a controversial figure, seen as staunch supporter for the rights of independent inventors, while criticized by patent attorneys and directors of some of the companies with whom he was involved in litigation.In 1993, Lemelson and his family established the Lemelson Foundation, a philanthropy with the mission to support invention and innovation to improve lives in the US and developing countries.", "Q325648": "Head-On (German: Gegen die Wand, literally Against the Wall; Turkish: Duvara Kar\u015f\u0131) is a 2004 German-Turkish drama film written and directed by Fatih Ak\u0131n.\nThe film stars Birol \u00dcnel as a Turkish-born, alcoholic German widower who enters into a marriage of convenience with a young woman of Turkish descent. She is desperate to escape her restrictive and abusive male relatives.\nThe film won the Golden Bear at the 54th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q181634": "The Scottish people (Scots: Scots Fowk; Scottish Gaelic: Albannaich) or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged from an amalgamation of two Celtic-speaking peoples, the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland (or Alba) in the 9th century. Later, the neighbouring Celtic-speaking Cumbrians, as well as Germanic-speaking Anglo-Saxons and Norse, were incorporated into the Scottish nation.\nIn modern usage, \"Scottish people\" or \"Scots\" is used to refer to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, family ancestral or genetic origins are from Scotland. The Latin word Scoti originally referred to the Gaels, but came to describe all inhabitants of Scotland. Considered pejorative, the term Scotch has also been used for Scottish people, primarily outside Scotland.People of Scottish descent live in many countries. Emigration, influenced by factors such as the Highland and Lowland Clearances, Scottish participation in the British Empire, and latterly industrial decline and unemployment, have resulted in Scottish people being found throughout the world. Scottish emigrants took with them their Scottish languages and culture. Large populations of Scottish people settled the new-world lands of North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. Canada has the highest level of Scottish descendants per capita in the world and the second-largest population of Scottish descendants, after the United States.Scotland has seen migration and settlement of many peoples at different periods in its history. Germanic peoples, such as the Anglo-Saxons, arrived beginning in the 7th century, while the Norse settled parts of Scotland from the 8th century onwards. In the High Middle Ages, from the reign of David I of Scotland, there was some emigration from France, England and the Low Countries to Scotland. Some famous Scottish family names, including those bearing names which became Bruce, Balliol, Murray and Stewart, came to Scotland at this time. Today, Scotland is the second-largest and second most-populous country of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the majority of people living there are British citizens.\nThe highest concentrations of people of Scottish descent in the world outside of Scotland are located in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island in Canada, Otago and Southland in New Zealand, the Falklands Islands, and Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom.", "Q332334": "Gummo is a 1997 American drama film written and directed by Harmony Korine, starring Jacob Reynolds, Nick Sutton, Jacob Sewell, and Chlo\u00eb Sevigny. The film is set but was not filmed in Xenia, Ohio, a Midwestern American town that had been previously struck by a devastating tornado. The loose narrative follows several main characters who find odd and destructive ways to pass time, interrupted by vignettes depicting other inhabitants of the town.\nKorine's directorial debut, the film was shot in Nashville, Tennessee, on a budget of $1 million. Gummo was not given a large theatrical release and failed to generate large box office revenues. The film generated substantial press for its graphic content and stylized, loosely woven narrative. It is often regarded as one of the most well-known cult films.", "Q132398": "Erkki Karu (born Erland Fredrik Kumlander) (10 April 1887 Helsinki \u2013 8 December 1935 Helsinki) was a Finnish film director, screenwriter and producer. He was one of the pioneers of the Finnish cinema.", "Q463334": "Xu\u0113 X\u012bnr\u00e1n (\u859b\u6b23\u7136, pen name Xinran, born in Beijing in 1958) is a British-Chinese journalist, author, speaker, and advocate for women's issues.\nShe was a popular radio personality in China with a call-in program named \"Words on the Night Breeze\" from 1989 to 1997. The program focused on women's issues and life stories. She was well known for travelling extensively in China to interview women for her work. In 1997, she moved to London and began writing stories of the women she met along her journeys. Her first book, The Good Women of China, was published in 2002, becoming an international bestseller. She frequently contributes to The Guardian and the BBC.\n\n", "Q4963372": "Brian Clarke (born 2 July 1953) is a British architectural artist, painter and printmaker, known for his large-scale stained glass and mosaic projects, abstract and symbolist canvases, and collaborations with major figures in Modern and contemporary architecture.\nBorn to a working-class family in the north of England, and a full-time art student on scholarship at 13, Clarke came to prominence in the late 1970s as a painter and figure of the Punk movement and designer of ecclesiastical stained glass, and by the early 1980s had become a major figure in international contemporary art, the subject of several television documentaries and a caf\u00e9 society regular known for his architectonic art, prolific output in various media, friendships with celebrities and key cultural figures, and polemical lectures and interviews.\nHis practice in architectural and autonomous stained glass, often on monumental scale has led to successive innovation and invention in the development of the medium, including the early use of screen printing, incorporation of photography, the creation of stained glass without lead and the subsequent pioneering of a 'dramatically enhanced Pointillism', and the creation of sculptural stained glass works, analogous to collage, made primarily or entirely of lead. The latter two advances are described as having taken stained glass to its zero-point in each direction: absolute transparency, and, conversely, complete opacity.A lifelong exponent of the integration of art and architecture, his architectural collaborations include work with Zaha Hadid, Norman Foster, Arata Isozaki, Oscar Niemeyer, I. M. Pei, C\u00e9sar Pelli and Renzo Piano. He served a 7-year term as chairman of The Architecture Foundation, and served on the Design Review Committee of the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment. His artistic collaborations have included work with David Bailey, Hugh Hudson, Malcolm McLaren, Linda McCartney, Paul McCartney and Ivor Abrahams.\n\n", "Q3361462": "Juha Pentik\u00e4inen (born 1940) is a professor in the Department of Comparative Religion at the University of Helsinki. With a field-work oriented approach to the study of religious traditions he is especially interested in the oral history of languages, religions and cultures. His research, mostly taking place in interdisciplinary teams such as indigenous peoples, minorities, Finnish emigrant societies and other people themselves as members of the teams has been done in all continents as well as lectures at over 100 universities. The recipient of many awards and honors including the 3rd honorary medal of the international society for research for the lifetime career as the scholar of shamanism in 1999. His publications since 1960 include 30 books, 250 scholarly articles, and 15 films. He has held professorships in Europe and America as well as keynote addresses. In 1995 he was nominated to membership of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters. \nHe is globally renowned for his research in religious traditions in the Finnish culture, and their psychological effects on humans. His respect has led to a number of guest professorships in both the United States and Norway. Along with his professorships, he has appeared to speak at over 100 Universities in numerous different countries. Based upon his work, other professors (i.e. Veikko Anttonen and Nils G. Holm) in his field have analyzed his approach towards the studies of religion. They say that First he looks at the Ethnography of a Religion, then looks at the Regional Phenomenology of the Religions, and lastly he conducts a comparative study of the religious traditions. His form of research has resulted in numerous awards and inductions into societies throughout Finland and the Globe. \nHe is most known for his book Kalevala Mythology, which is an in depth analysis of Elias L\u00f6nnrot's epic Kalevala. He analyzes both the career background and life of L\u00f6nnrot. Then he analyzes the epic, and the differences between the two versions that Lonnrot wrote. He reveals the flaws within the epic and presents the argument that the epic instilled a spirit of national romanticism within the Finnish society, which makes it so significant to the Finnish culture.\nHis uncle was Vilho Pentik\u00e4inen, well known communist secret spy who spied against Finland for the Soviet Union.", "Q200392": "Maria Gaetana Agnesi (UK: an-YAY-zee, US: ahn-, Italian: [ma\u02c8ri\u02d0a \u0261ae\u02c8ta\u02d0na a\u0272\u02c8\u0272\u025b\u02d0zi, -\u0272e\u02d0z-]; 16 May 1718 \u2013 9 January 1799) was an Italian mathematician, philosopher, theologian, and humanitarian. She was the first woman to write a mathematics handbook and the first woman appointed as a mathematics professor at a university.She is credited with writing the first book discussing both differential and integral calculus and was a member of the faculty at the University of Bologna, although she never served.\nShe devoted the last four decades of her life to studying theology (especially patristics) and to charitable work and serving the poor. She was a devout Catholic and wrote extensively on the marriage between intellectual pursuit and mystical contemplation, most notably in her essay Il cielo mistico (The Mystic Heaven). She saw the rational contemplation of God as a complement to prayer and contemplation of the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.Maria Teresa Agnesi Pinottini, clavicembalist and composer, was her sister.\n\n", "Q112048": "Sergejus Vytauto Puskepalis (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0443\u0442\u043e \u041f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441; born 15 April 1966) is a Lithuanian actor and theatre director. He is best known for his roles in the award-winning movies Simple Things (2006) and How I Ended This Summer (2010), both directed by Alexei Popogrebski. For his performances, he won a Nika Award for Best Actor in 2008, as well as a Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival in 2010.", "Q69372": "Neuhausen am Rheinfall (sometimes abbrv. as Neuhausen a. Rhf., called Neuhausen until 1938) is a town and a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.\nThe town is close to the Rhine Falls, a tourist attraction and mainland Europe's largest waterfall.", "Q188176": "William Seward Burroughs II (; February 5, 1914 \u2013 August 2, 1997) was an American writer and visual artist. Burroughs was a primary figure of the Beat Generation and a major postmodernist author whose influence is considered to have affected a range of popular culture as well as literature. Burroughs wrote eighteen novels and novellas, six collections of short stories and four collections of essays. Five books have been published of his interviews and correspondences. He also collaborated on projects and recordings with numerous performers and musicians and made many appearances in films. He was also briefly known by the pen name William Lee. Burroughs created and exhibited thousands of paintings and other visual artworks, including his celebrated 'Gunshot Paintings'.\nHe was born into a wealthy family in St. Louis, Missouri, grandson of the inventor and founder of the Burroughs Corporation, William Seward Burroughs I, and nephew of public relations manager Ivy Lee. Burroughs began writing essays and journals in early adolescence but did not begin publicizing his writing until his thirties. He left home in 1932 to attend Harvard University, studied English, and anthropology as a postgraduate, and later attended medical school in Vienna. In 1942 Burroughs enlisted in the U.S. Army to serve during World War II, but was turned down by the Office of Strategic Services and Navy, after which he picked up the drug addiction that affected him for the rest of his life, while working a variety of jobs. In 1943, while living in New York City, he befriended Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac, and out of their mutual influence grew the foundation of the Beat Generation, which was later a defining influence on the 1960s counterculture.\nMuch of Burroughs' work is semiautobiographical, primarily drawn from his experiences as a heroin addict, as he lived throughout Mexico City, London, Paris and the Tangier International Zone near Morocco, as well as from his travels in the South American Amazon. His work also features frequent mystical, occult or otherwise magical themes \u2013 a constant preoccupation for Burroughs, both in fiction and in real life.Burroughs killed his second wife, Joan Vollmer, in 1951 in Mexico City. Burroughs initially claimed that he shot Vollmer while drunkenly attempting a \"William Tell\" stunt. He later told investigators a different story: that he had been showing his pistol to friends, when it fell and hit the table, firing the bullet that killed Vollmer. After Burroughs returned to the United States, he was convicted of manslaughter in absentia, and received a two-year suspended sentence.\nBurroughs found success with his confessional first novel, Junkie (1953), but he is perhaps best known for his third novel Naked Lunch (1959), a highly controversial work that was the subject of a court case after it was challenged as being in violation of the U.S. sodomy laws. With Brion Gysin, he also popularized the literary cut-up technique in works such as The Nova Trilogy (1961\u20131964).\nIn 1983, Burroughs was elected to the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, and in 1984 he was awarded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by France. Jack Kerouac called Burroughs the \"greatest satirical writer since Jonathan Swift\", a reputation he owes to his \"lifelong subversion\" of the moral, political, and economic systems of modern American society, articulated in often darkly humorous sardonicism. J. G. Ballard considered Burroughs to be \"the most important writer to emerge since the Second World War\", while Norman Mailer declared him \"the only American writer who may be conceivably possessed by genius\".Burroughs created visual art throughout his lifetime, but never exhibited it until 1987, after the death of his friend and collaborator Brion Gysin. For the next and last 10 years of his life, he presented his paintings and drawings at museums and galleries worldwide.\nBurroughs had one child, William S. Burroughs Jr. (1947\u20131981), with his second wife Joan Vollmer. William Burroughs died at his home in Lawrence, Kansas, after suffering a heart attack in 1997.", "Q66041": "S\u00f6nke Wortmann (25 August 1959 in Marl, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German film director and producer.", "Q1111988": "Jason Farris Brown (born August 27, 1969) known professionally as Colt Ford, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, entrepreneur, and former professional golfer best known for his music fusing country and hip hop, which has been categorized as \"country rap\". He has released seven albums via Average Joes Entertainment, which he co-founded. Ford has charted six times on the Hot Country Songs charts and co-wrote (with Brantley Gilbert) \"Dirt Road Anthem\", a song on his 2008 album Ride Through the Country, which Jason Aldean later covered on his My Kinda Party album.", "Q101752": "F. W. Bernstein (born Fritz Weigle, 1938\u20132018) was a German poet, cartoonist, satirist, and academic. He worked for the satirical biweekly pardon. After teaching at schools, he was professor of caricature and comics at the Berlin Academy of the Arts from 1984 to 1999. He was one of the founding members of the Neue Frankfurter Schule, which published the satirical magazine Titanic.", "Q224224": "August Vincent Theodore Spies (, SPEES; December 10, 1855 \u2013 November 11, 1887) was an American upholsterer, radical labor activist, and newspaper editor. Spies is remembered as one of the anarchists in Chicago who were found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder following a bomb attack on police in an event remembered as the Haymarket affair. Spies was one of four who were executed in the aftermath of this event.", "Q234037": "Mar\u00eda Nieves Rebolledo Vila, better known by her stage name Bebe (born 9 May 1978) is a Spanish singer, songwriter, and actress who rose to international fame with the singles \"Malo\" and \"Ella\".", "Q1181425": "Debbie Jacobs is an American singer (born November 10, 1955, in Baltimore, Maryland) who had several Disco hits.\n\n", "Q131691": "Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, (1 May 1769 \u2013 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and Tory statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as Prime Minister. He won a notable victory against Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.\nWellesley was born in Dublin into the Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. He was commissioned as an ensign in the British Army in 1787, serving in Ireland as aide-de-camp to two successive Lords Lieutenant of Ireland. He was also elected as a Member of Parliament in the Irish House of Commons. He was a colonel by 1796 and saw action in the Netherlands and in India, where he fought in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War at the Battle of Seringapatam. He was appointed governor of Seringapatam and Mysore in 1799 and, as a newly appointed major-general, won a decisive victory over the Maratha Confederacy at the Battle of Assaye in 1803.\nWellesley rose to prominence as a general during the Peninsular campaign of the Napoleonic Wars, and was promoted to the rank of field marshal after leading the allied forces to victory against the French Empire at the Battle of Vitoria in 1813. Following Napoleon's exile in 1814, he served as the ambassador to France and was granted a dukedom. During the Hundred Days in 1815, he commanded the allied army which, together with a Prussian Army under Bl\u00fccher, defeated Napoleon at Waterloo. Wellington's battle record is exemplary; he ultimately participated in some 60 battles during the course of his military career.\nWellington is famous for his adaptive defensive style of warfare, resulting in several victories against numerically superior forces while minimising his own losses. He is regarded as one of the greatest defensive commanders of all time, and many of his tactics and battle plans are still studied in military academies around the world. After the end of his active military career, he returned to politics. He was twice British prime minister as a member of the Tory party: from 1828 to 1830, and for a little less than a month in 1834. He oversaw the passage of the Catholic Relief Act 1829, but opposed the Reform Act 1832. He continued as one of the leading figures in the House of Lords until his retirement and remained Commander-in-Chief of the British Army until his death.", "Q1551183": "Chernivtsi National University (full name Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Ukrainian: \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u042e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0424\u0435\u0434\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430) is a public university in the City of Chernivtsi in Western Ukraine. One of the leading Ukrainian institutions for higher education, it was founded in 1875 as the Franz-Josephs-Universit\u00e4t Czernowitz when Chernivtsi (Czernowitz) was the capital of the Duchy of Bukovina, a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary. Today the university is based at the Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans building complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2011.", "Q202585": "RCA Records (formerly legally traded as the RCA Records Label) is an American record label owned by Sony Music, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America. It is one of Sony Music's four flagship labels, alongside RCA's former long-time rival Columbia Records; also Arista Records, and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, classical, rock, hip hop, afrobeat, electronic, R&B, blues, jazz, and country. Its name is derived from the initials of its defunct parent company, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA). It was fully acquired by Bertelsmann in 1986, making it a part of Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG); however, RCA Records became a part of Sony BMG Music Entertainment, a merger between BMG and Sony Music, in 2004, and was acquired by the latter in 2008, after the dissolution of Sony BMG and the restructuring of Sony Music. It is the second-oldest record label in American history, after sister label Columbia Records.\nAs of September 2019, artists signed to RCA Records include Christina Aguilera, A$AP Rocky, ATEEZ, Chris Brown, Miley Cyrus, Dave Matthews Band, Craig David, Foo Fighters, Becky G, G-Eazy, Childish Gambino, Martin Garrix, Buddy Guy, Normani, H.E.R, Enrique Iglesias, Kesha, Alicia Keys, Khalid, Normani, Pentatonix, Pink, Mark Ronson, Shakira, SZA, Bryson Tiller, Justin Timberlake, Usher, Walk the Moon, and ZAYN.", "Q889416": "Dr. John Wesley Hoyt (October 13, 1831 \u2013 May 23, 1912) was an American politician and educator. Hoyt was the third Governor of Wyoming Territory.", "Q64656": "Brunegg is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q203843": "Alfonso Garc\u00eda Robles (20 March 1911 \u2013 2 September 1991) was a Mexican diplomat and politician who, in conjunction with Sweden's Alva Myrdal, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982.\nGarc\u00eda Robles was born in Zamora, Michoac\u00e1n, and trained in law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), the Institute of Higher International Studies in Paris, France (1936) and the Hague Academy of International Law in the Netherlands (1938) before joining his country's foreign service in 1939.\nHe served as a delegate to the 1945 San Francisco Conference that established the United Nations. \nHe was ambassador to Brazil from 1962 to 1964, and was state secretary to the ministry of foreign affairs from 1964 to 1970. In 1971\u201375 he served as his country's representative to the United Nations before an appointment as foreign minister in 1975\u201376. He was then appointed as Mexico's permanent representative to the Committee on Disarmament of the UN.\nGarc\u00eda Robles received the peace prize as the driving force behind the Treaty of Tlatelolco, setting up a nuclear-free zone in Latin America and the Caribbean. The agreement was signed in 1967 by most states in the region, though some states took some time to ratify the agreement.\nHe was admitted to the Colegio Nacional of Mexico in 1972. His name was inscribed at the Wall of Honor of the Palacio Legislativo de San L\u00e1zaro, Mexico's House of Representatives' building, in 2003. His widow died in 2005 aged 83.", "Q5127073": "Clarissa Smith Williams (April 21, 1859 \u2013 March 8, 1930) was the sixth Relief Society General President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1921 to 1928. Williams was the first native Utahn to become Relief Society president.", "Q234989": "Amy Tan (born February 19, 1952) is an American writer whose works explore mother-daughter relationships and the Chinese-American experience. Her novel The Joy Luck Club was adapted into a film in 1993 by director Wayne Wang.\nTan has written several other novels, including The Kitchen God's Wife, The Hundred Secret Senses, The Bonesetter's Daughter, Saving Fish from Drowning, and The Valley of Amazement. Tan's latest book is a memoir entitled Where The Past Begins: A Writer's Memoir (2017). In addition to these, Tan has written two children's books: The Moon Lady (1992) and Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat (1994), which was turned into an animated series that aired on PBS.\nDespite her success, Tan has also received substantial criticism for her depictions of Chinese culture and apparent adherence to stereotypes.", "Q798658": "Bad Boy is an\nAmerican record label founded in 1993 by Sean Combs. It operates as an imprint of Epic Records, a division of Sony Music. One of its most popular artists was The Notorious B.I.G. It has been home to many artists, including Craig Mack, French Montana, Mase, Machine Gun Kelly, 112, Total, The Lox, Danity Kane, Day 26, Elephant Man and many others.", "Q32376": "Baron Andr\u00e9 \u00c9tienne Justin Pascal Joseph Fran\u00e7ois d'Audebert de F\u00e9russac (30 December 1786 \u2013 21 January 1836) was a French naturalist best known for his studies of molluscs. (Two of his given names are sometimes spelt Just or Juste instead of Justin, and d'Audibert, d'Audebard, or d'Audeberd instead of \"d'Audebert\".)\nHe was born in Chartron, near Lauzerte in the province of Quercy (now in Tarn-et-Garonne), the son of Jean Baptiste Louis d'Audibert de F\u00e9russac and Marie Catherine Jos\u00e8phe de Rozet, and was professor of geography and statistics at the \u00c9cole d'\u00e9tat-major in Paris.", "Q53944": "Keith Rupert Murdoch, (born 11 March 1931) is an Australian-born American media mogul who founded News Corp.Murdoch's father, Sir Keith Murdoch, was a reporter and editor who became a senior executive of The Herald and Weekly Times publishing company, covering all Australian states except New South Wales. After his father's death in 1952, Murdoch declined to join his late father's registered media public company and created his own private company, News Limited.\nIn the 1950s and 1960s, Murdoch acquired a number of newspapers in Australia and New Zealand before expanding into the United Kingdom in 1969, taking over the News of the World, followed closely by The Sun. In 1974, Murdoch moved to New York City, to expand into the U.S. market; however, he retained interests in Australia and Britain. In 1981, Murdoch bought The Times, his first British broadsheet and, in 1985, became a naturalized U.S. citizen, giving up his Australian citizenship, to satisfy the legal requirement for U.S. television network ownership.In 1986, keen to adopt newer electronic publishing technologies, Murdoch consolidated his UK printing operations in Wapping, causing bitter industrial disputes. His holding company News Corporation acquired Twentieth Century Fox (1985), HarperCollins (1989), and The Wall Street Journal (2007). Murdoch formed the British broadcaster BSkyB in 1990 and, during the 1990s, expanded into Asian networks and South American television. By 2000, Murdoch's News Corporation owned over 800 companies in more than 50 countries, with a net worth of over $5 billion.\nIn July 2011, Murdoch faced allegations that his companies, including the News of the World, owned by News Corporation, had been regularly hacking the phones of celebrities, royalty, and public citizens. Murdoch faced police and government investigations into bribery and corruption by the British government and FBI investigations in the U.S. On 21 July 2012, Murdoch resigned as a director of News International. On 1 July 2015, Murdoch left his post as CEO of 21st Century Fox. However, Murdoch and his family would continue to own both 21st Century Fox until 2019 and News Corp through the Murdoch Family Trust until 20th Century Fox itself was purchased by Disney.In July 2016, after the resignation of Roger Ailes due to accusations of sexual harassment, Murdoch was named the acting CEO of Fox News.", "Q6686": "Groupe Renault (UK: REN-oh, US: r\u0259-NAWLT, r\u0259-NOH, French: [\u0261\u0281up \u0281\u0259no]; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past has manufactured trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches, aircraft and aircraft engines, and autorail vehicles.\nAccording to the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles, in 2016 Renault was the ninth biggest automaker in the world by production volume. By 2017, the Renault\u2013Nissan\u2013Mitsubishi Alliance had become the world's biggest seller of light vehicles, bumping Volkswagen AG off the top spot.Headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris, the Renault group is made up of the namesake Renault marque and subsidiaries, Alpine, Automobile Dacia from Romania, Renault Samsung Motors from South Korea, and AvtoVAZ from Russia. Renault has a 43.4% controlling stake in Nissan of Japan, and a 1.55% stake in Daimler AG of Germany (since 2012, Renault manufactures engines for the Daimler's Mercedes A-Class and B-Class cars). Renault also owns subsidiaries RCI Banque (automotive financing), Renault Retail Group (automotive distribution) and Motrio (automotive parts). Renault has various joint ventures, including Oyak-Renault (Turkey), Renault Pars (Iran). The French government owns a 15% share of Renault.\nRenault Trucks, previously known as Renault V\u00e9hicules Industriels, has been part of AB Volvo since 2001. Renault Agriculture became 100% owned by German agricultural equipment manufacturer CLAAS in 2008.\nTogether Renault and Nissan invested \u20ac4 billion (US$5.16 billion) in eight electric vehicles over three to four years beginning in 2011.Renault is known for its role in motor sport, particularly rallying, Formula 1 and Formula E. Its early work on mathematical curve modeling for car bodies is important in the history of computer graphics.", "Q916444": "The Cours Florent is a private French drama school in Paris created in 1967 by Fran\u00e7ois Florent.\nThe school is located on three nearby sites in the 19th arrondissement of Paris, France: rue Archereau, rue Mathis and Avenue Jean-Jaur\u00e8s, further along which is located the Conservatoire national sup\u00e9rieur de musique et de danse de Paris. The Cours Florent is also located in Brussels Belgium and in Montpellier France.", "Q1085657": "Christoph Poppen (born 9 March 1956) is a German conductor, violinist and academic teacher.", "Q214481": "Gustav Philipp Koerner, also spelled Gustave or Gustavus Koerner (20 November 1809 \u2013 9 April 1896) was a revolutionary, journalist, lawyer, politician, judge, and statesman in Illinois and Germany and a Colonel of the U.S. Army who was a confessed enemy of slavery. He married on 17 June 1836 in Belleville Sophia Dorothea Engelmann (16 November 1815 \u2013 1 March 1888), they had 9 children. He belonged to the co-founders and was one of the first members of the Grand Old Party; and he was a close confidant of Abraham Lincoln and his wife Mary Todd and had an essential role in his nomination and election for president in 1860.", "Q72752": "Gustav Adolf Scheel (22 November 1907 \u2013 25 March 1979) was a German physician and Nazi politician. As a SS member and Sicherheitsdienst employee, he became a \"multifunctionary\" in the time of the Third Reich, including posts as leader of both the National Socialist German Students' League and the German Student Union, as an Einsatzgruppen commander in occupied Alsace, as well as Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter in Salzburg from November 1941 until May 1945. As Einsatzgruppen commander, he organized in October 1940 the deportation of Karlsruhe's Jews to the extermination camps in the east.\n\n", "Q8873": "Satyajit Ray (Bengali pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0283\u0254t\u02d0od\u0292it \u02c8rai\u032f] (listen); 2 May 1921 \u2013 23 April 1992) was an Indian filmmaker, screenwriter, music composer, graphic artist, lyricist and author, widely regarded as one of the greatest filmmakers of all time. Ray was born in Calcutta into a Bengali family which was prominent in the field of arts and literature. Starting his career as a commercial artist, Ray was drawn into independent filmmaking after meeting French filmmaker Jean Renoir and viewing Vittorio De Sica's Italian neorealist film Bicycle Thieves (1948) during a visit to London.\nRay directed 36 films, including feature films, documentaries and shorts. He was also a fiction writer, publisher, illustrator, calligrapher, music composer, graphic designer and film critic. He authored several short stories and novels, meant primarily for young children and teenagers. Feluda, the sleuth, and Professor Shonku, the scientist in his science fiction stories, are popular fictional characters created by him. He was awarded an honorary degree by Oxford University.\nRay's first film, Pather Panchali (1955), won eleven international prizes, including the inaugural Best Human Document award at the 1956 Cannes Film Festival. This film, along with Aparajito (1956) and Apur Sansar (The World of Apu) (1959), form The Apu Trilogy. Ray did the scripting, casting, scoring, and editing, and designed his own credit titles and publicity material. Ray received many major awards in his career, including 32 Indian National Film Awards, a Golden Lion, a Golden Bear, 2 Silver Bears, a number of additional awards at international film festivals and award ceremonies, and an Academy Honorary Award in 1992. The Government of India honored him with the Bharat Ratna, its highest civilian award, in 1992. Ray had received many noticeable awards and gained a prestigious position over his life time.\n\n", "Q2782141": "The Institute of Asian and African Countries at Lomonosov Moscow State University was founded in 1956 as the Institute of Oriental Languages and was renamed to the Institute of Asian and African Countries in 1972. It is the leading Russian Centre for Oriental Studies. It employs more than 250 members including 28 professors and 70 assistant professors. Many of them are well known as authors of fundamental studies, text-books and dictionaries for their translations of Japanese, Chinese, Sanskrit, Arabic, Hindi, Persian, Malay, Swahili and other Oriental and African texts of fiction. Nowadays a lot of Asian and African languages are taught in the Institute: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Thai, Mongolian, Arabic, Sinhalese, Turkish, Hebrew, Urdu, Sanskrit and Swahili, Hausa, Amharic, Afrikaans, Fula and Zulu. \nThe graduates of the Institute get a diploma in \"Oriental and African Studies\" with a specialization in philology, political science, history and economics. \nThe staff of the Institute has worked out the syllabus and text books on History of Asian and African countries and on Oriental Literature as well as special books on languages, history, ethnology, geography and economics of the certain regions.\nMore than 40 oriental and West-European languages are being taught at the Institute.\nDirectors:\n\nSmirnov N.A. (1956\u20131958)\nKovalev A. A. (1958\u20131975)\nAkhramovich R. T. (1975\u20131989)\nMeliksetov A. V. (1989\u20131994)\nMeier M. S. (1994\u20132012)\nAbylgaziev I.I. (2013-)", "Q116548": "Konrad Pellikan (German: Conrad K\u00fcrsner; Latin: Conradus Pellicanus; sometimes anglicized as Conrad Pellican; January 8, 1478, Rouffach in Alsace 6 May 1556, Zurich) was a German Protestant theologian, humanist, Protestant reformer and Christian Hebraist who worked chiefly in Switzerland.", "Q58811": "Gustav Freytag (German: [\u02c8f\u0281a\u026a\u02ccta\u02d0k]; 13 July 1816 \u2013 30 April 1895) was a German novelist and playwright.", "Q691668": "Pizzo Centrale is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Uri and Ticino. At 2,999 metres above sea level, it is the highest summit overlooking Gotthard Pass from the east. Lago della Sella is located on its southern side. Over its northern side lies a glacier, named Ober Schatzfirn.\nThe summit can be reached by experienced hikers via a trail starting at Lago della Sella.", "Q3926": "Pretoria ( pri-TOR-ee-\u0259; Zulu: ePitoli; Tswana: Tshwane) is the administrative capital of South Africa. It straddles the Apies River and has spread eastwards into the foothills of the Magaliesberg mountains. It is one of the country's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the administrative branch of government (Cape Town is the legislative capital and Bloemfontein the judicial capital), and of foreign embassies to South Africa. Pretoria has a reputation for being an academic city with three universities, the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), University of Pretoria (UP), and the University of South Africa (UNISA), also home to the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), and the Human Sciences Research Council. \nThe city also hosts the National Research Foundation and the South African Bureau of Standards making the city a hub for research. Pretoria is the central part of the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality which was formed by the amalgamation of several former local authorities including Centurion and Soshanguve. There have been proposals to change the name of Pretoria itself to Tshwane and the proposed name change has caused some public controversy. Pretoria was one of the host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.\nPretoria is named after the Voortrekker leader Andries Pretorius, and within South Africa sometimes called the \"Jacaranda City\" due to the thousands of jacaranda trees planted in its streets, parks and gardens.\n\n", "Q258847": "Raise Your Voice is a 2004 American teen musical drama film directed by Sean McNamara. Canadian rock band Three Days Grace appeared in this movie as special guests, performing the songs \"Are You Ready\" and \"Home\". Raise Your Voice stars former Lizzie McGuire star Hilary Duff.", "Q76534": "Helmut Flieg or Hellmuth Fliegel (10 April 1913 \u2013 16 December 2001) was a German writer, known by his pseudonym Stefan Heym. He lived in the United States (or served in its army abroad) between 1935 and 1952, before moving back to the part of his native Germany which was, from 1949 to 1990, the German Democratic Republic (GDR, \"East Germany\"). He published works in English and German at home and abroad, and despite longstanding criticism of the GDR remained a committed socialist.", "Q125182": "Robert Bullock (December 8, 1828 \u2013 July 27, 1905) was a United States Representative from Florida and a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army. He was born in Greenville, North Carolina where he attended the common schools. He moved to Fort King, Florida in 1844 which was then a United States Government post, near the present city of Ocala, Florida. He taught in the first school in Sumter County, Florida. He served as clerk of the circuit court of Marion County, Florida from November 13, 1849, to November 11, 1855.", "Q443782": "Elizabeth Fearn \"Finn\" Carter (born 9 March 1960) is an American actress. She is best known for her role in the 1990 film Tremors.", "Q674182": "The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic. The eight countries with sovereignty over the lands within the Arctic Circle constitute the members of the council: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States. Outside these, there are some observer states.", "Q312782": "Robert Upshur Woodward (born March 26, 1943) is an American investigative journalist. He has worked for The Washington Post since 1971 as a reporter, and is currently an associate editor.While a young reporter for The Washington Post in 1972, Woodward teamed up with Carl Bernstein; the two did much of the original news reporting on the Watergate scandal. These scandals led to numerous government investigations and the eventual resignation of President Richard Nixon. The work of Woodward and Bernstein was called \"maybe the single greatest reporting effort of all time\" by longtime journalism figure Gene Roberts.Woodward continued to work for The Washington Post after his reporting on Watergate. He has since written 19 books on American politics, 13 of which topped best-seller lists.", "Q78519": "Archduke Karl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria (30 July 1833 \u2013 19 May 1896) was the younger brother of Franz Joseph I of Austria (1830\u20131916), the father of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (1863\u20131914), whose assassination ignited World War I, and grandfather of the last emperor, Charles I.", "Q770496": "Mount Saint Elias, also designated Boundary Peak 186, is the second highest mountain in both Canada and the United States, being situated on the Yukon and Alaska border. It lies about 26 miles (42 km) southwest of Mount Logan, the highest mountain in Canada. The Canadian side is part of Kluane National Park and Reserve, while the U.S. side of the mountain is located within Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve.\nIts name in Tlingit is Yas\u02bc\u00e9it\u02bcaa Shaa, meaning \"mountain behind Icy Bay\", and is occasionally called Shaa Tlein \"Big Mountain\" by the Yakutat Tlingit. It is one of the most important crests of the Kwaashk\u02bci\u1e35w\u00e1an clan since they used it as a guide during their journey down the Copper River. Mount Fairweather at the apex of the British Columbia and Alaska borders at the head of the Alaska Panhandle is known as Tsalx\u0331aan, it is said this mountain and Yas\u02bc\u00e9it\u02bcaa Shaa (Mt. St. Elias) were originally next to each other but had an argument and separated. Their children, the mountains in between the two peaks, are called Tsalx\u0331aan Y\u00e1tx\u02bci (\"Children of Tsalxaan\").\nThe mountain was first sighted by European explorers on July 16, 1741 by Vitus Bering of Russia. While some historians contend that the mountain was named by Bering, others believe that eighteenth century mapmakers named it after Cape Saint Elias, when it was left unnamed by Bering.Mount Saint Elias is notable for its immense vertical relief. Its summit rises 18,008 feet (5,489 m) vertically in just 10 miles (16 km) horizontal distance from the head of Taan Fjord, off of Icy Bay.\nIn 2007, an Austrian documentary, Mount. St. Elias, was made about a team of skier/mountaineers determined to make \"the planet's longest skiing descent\" \u2013 ascending the mountain and then skiing nearly all 18,000 feet down to the Gulf of Alaska; the movie finished editing and underwent limited release in 2009. The climbers ended up summiting on the second attempt and skiing down to 13,000 ft (3,960 m).", "Q293288": "Gladys Medalie Heldman (May 13, 1922 \u2013 June 22, 2003) was an American tennis player and magazine publisher. She was the founder of World Tennis magazine; she supported Billie Jean King and eight other female tennis players: Rosie Casals, Judy Dalton, Julie Heldman, Kerry Melville, Peaches Bartkowicz, Kristy Pigeon, Nancy Richey, and Valerie Ziegenfuss. They were called the Houston Nine and formed the Virginia Slims Tour in the early 1970s (the precursor of today's WTA Tour). She is a member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.", "Q279889": "Yann Cunha (born 22 January 1991) is a Brazilian racing driver.", "Q433265": "Martin Reverby, better known by his stage name Martin Rev, (born December 18, 1947) is an American musician and one half of the influential synth-punk band Suicide. Rev has also released several solo albums for a number of record labels, including ROIR and Puu. His style varies widely from release to release, from harsh and abrasive no wave (Martin Rev) to light bubblegum pop (Strangeworld) to heavy synthesizer rock (To Live).\nRev also works with Stefan Roloff, doing soundtracks for Roloff's video work. He contributed to the Raveonettes' 2005 album, Pretty in Black.In 2008, while Martin was working on the album Stigmata, his wife Mari died. The album, dedicated to her, is strong in religious imagery with most songs being titled in Latin. Kris Needs called the album a \"brilliantly executed excursion into modern electronic classical music\".", "Q67439": "Wynigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q103623": "Christoph M. Ohrt (born 30 March 1960, in Hamburg) is a German film and television actor. One of his best known roles was the portrayal of Felix Edel on the German television series Edel & Starck", "Q895995": "Melvin Jonah Lasky (15 January 1920 \u2013 19 May 2004) was an American journalist, intellectual, and member of the anti-Communist left. He founded the German journal Der Monat in 1948 and, from 1958 to 1991, edited Encounter, one of many journals revealed to have been secretly funded by the CIA through the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF).\nFrom 1950 to 1963, the CIA covertly supported the CCF and a number of its publications, including Encounter. While Lasky did admit he knew of the CIA's role as a funding source prior to its reveal in 1966, rumors that he was a CIA agent have not been substantiated by evidence. In 1947, Lasky wrote an influential document that made the case for a cultural Cold War intended to win over European intellectuals.\nHe was the older brother of Floria Lasky, an influential entertainment lawyer, and Joyce Lasky Reed, the President and founder of the Faberg\u00e9 Arts Foundation and former Director of European Affairs at the American Enterprise Institute.", "Q230523": "Juliette Lake Lewis (born June 21, 1973) is an American actress and singer known for her portrayals of offbeat characters, often in films with dark themes. Lewis became an \"it girl\" of American cinema in the early 1990s, appearing in various independent and arthouse films. Her accolades include a Pasinetti Award, one Academy Award nomination, one Golden Globe nomination, and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.\nThe daughter of character actor Geoffrey Lewis, Lewis began her career in television at age 14 before being cast in her first major film role as Audrey Griswold in National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989). She went on to garner international notice for her role in Martin Scorsese's remake of Cape Fear (1991), which saw Lewis nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, as well as the Golden Globe in the same category.\nFollowing the success of Cape Fear, Lewis had a supporting role in Woody Allen's Husbands and Wives (1992), followed by the thriller Kalifornia (1993) in which she portrayed a childlike woman whose boyfriend is a serial killer. She also appeared in the drama What's Eating Gilbert Grape (also 1993), playing a young drifter. Lewis gained further notice for her lead role as Mallory Knox in Oliver Stone's controversial satirical crime film Natural Born Killers (1994), which earned her the Pasinetti Award for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival. She subsequently starred in Kathryn Bigelow's cult science fiction film Strange Days (1995), and Robert Rodriguez's vampire film From Dusk Till Dawn (1996). In 1999, Lewis had a leading role as a mentally-disabled woman in the drama The Other Sister.\nThe 2000s saw Lewis appearing in a series of supporting roles in independent features and studio films, and in 2003 she earned an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress for her role in Hysterical Blindness (2002). She went on to appear in supporting parts in such comedies as Old School (2003) and Starsky & Hutch (2004), and embarked on a musical career in 2003, forming the rock band Juliette and the Licks; in 2009, Lewis began releasing material as a solo artist. Subsequent film roles include the sports comedy Whip It (2009), the biographical crime film Conviction (2010), and the drama August: Osage County (2013). In the later 2010s, Lewis worked more frequently in television, appearing in lead roles on the series The Firm (2012), Wayward Pines (2015), Secrets and Lies (2015\u20132016), and The Act (2019).", "Q1274170": "Iryna Olehivna Blokhina (Ukrainian: \u0406\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0456\u043d\u0430, born January 15, 1983, in Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR, USSR) is a Ukrainian sportsperson, singer, actress and TV host. She is involved in rhythmic gymnastics, where she works with Ukrainian national team as a choreographer.\n\n", "Q115055": "David Lawrence Geffen (born February 21, 1943) is an American business magnate, producer, film studio executive, and philanthropist. Geffen co-created Asylum Records in 1971 with Elliot Roberts, Geffen Records in 1980, DGC Records in 1990, and DreamWorks SKG in 1994. As a philanthropist he has donated to the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and other educational and research institutes.\n\n", "Q1367118": "Eschnerberg, also Eschner Berg, Schellenberg, (especially used in the Austrian village of Feldkirch) is 698 m high (Klocker close to Hinterschellenberg) mountain of seven peaks in the Rhine Valley, on the borderline of Liechtenstein and the Austrian State Voralberg, close to Feldkirch.", "Q66733": "Lausen is a municipality in the district of Liestal in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q578072": "Berwyn is a suburban city in Cook County, Illinois, coterminous with Berwyn Township, which was formed in 1908 after breaking off from Cicero Township. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 56,657.", "Q47925": "HKT48 (read \"H.K.T. Forty-eight\") is a Japanese idol group produced by Yasushi Akimoto. HKT48 is named after the Hakata-ku, Fukuoka city of Fukuoka Prefecture, where Akimoto originally intended to base the group. The group currently performs at HKT48 Theater at Nishitetsu Hall in Fukuoka and has sold nearly 4 million copies of CDs from Japan.", "Q220730": "The Killers are an American rock band formed in Las Vegas in 2001 by Brandon Flowers (lead vocals, keyboards, bass) and Dave Keuning (lead guitar, backing vocals). The official lineup of the band (as of 2020) consists of Flowers, Keuning, Mark Stoermer (bass, rhythm guitar, backing vocals) and Ronnie Vannucci Jr. (drums, percussion) - the latter two both joined in 2002. The band's name is derived from a logo on the bass drum of a fictitious band portrayed in the music video for the New Order song \"Crystal\".The band has released five consecutive chart-topping studio albums: Hot Fuss (2004), Sam's Town (2006), Day & Age (2008), Battle Born (2012) and Wonderful Wonderful (2017). They have also released a B-sides and rarities compilation, Sawdust (2007); a live album, Live from the Royal Albert Hall (2009); a greatest-hits album, Direct Hits (2013); and a Christmas compilation, Don't Waste Your Wishes (2016).\nThe Killers are considered one of the biggest rock bands of the 21st century, and the most successful act to ever emerge from Nevada, selling more than 28 million albums. They have performed in over 50 countries and on six continents, headlining venues such as Madison Square Garden, Wembley Stadium and Glastonbury Festival (2007 and 2019).", "Q76520": "Ferdinand August Bebel (22 February 1840 \u2013 13 August 1913) was a German socialist politician, writer, and orator. He is best remembered as one of the founders of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP) in 1869, which in 1875 merged with the General German Workers' Association into the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD). During the repression under the terms of the Anti-Socialist Laws, Bebel became the leading figure of the social democratic movement in Germany and from 1892 until his death served as chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.", "Q164874": "Anton\u00edn Klimek (January 18, 1937 \u2013 January 9, 2005) was a Czech historian from Prague whose work focused mainly on the history of the First Czechoslovak Republic.", "Q29024": "Esko Tapani Aho (born 20 May 1954) is a Finnish politician who was Prime Minister of Finland from 1991 to 1995.", "Q664385": "Alan Civil OBE (13 June 1929 \u2013 19 March 1989) was a British horn player.\nCivil began to play the horn at a young age, and joined the famous Royal Artillery Band and Orchestra at Woolwich, while still in his teens. He studied the instrument under Aubrey Brain, father of Dennis Brain.\nCivil was engaged by Thomas Beecham to play second horn to Dennis Brain in the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and when Brain left for the Philharmonia, Civil took over leadership of the section. In 1955, Civil joined the Philharmonia himself, becoming principal horn player when Brain died in a car crash in 1957.\nIn the 1960s, Civil became the first non-German to be approached by the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra to become a member. Civil stuck with the Philharmonia however, who were reshaping themselves into the New Philharmonia. In 1966 he became principal hornist of the BBC Symphony Orchestra, remaining there until his retirement in 1988.\nAs a soloist, Civil recorded the horn concertos of Mozart (with the Philharmonia, under Otto Klemperer, 1960), and his recording of Benjamin Britten's Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings with Robert Tear is also quite well known. He also played chamber music in the Alan Civil Horn Trio.\nAs well as his work in classical music, Civil played the horn solo on The Beatles' song \"For No One\" from the album Revolver and was one of only five musicians to get a named credit on a Beatles recording .\nCivil was also part of the orchestra crescendo in the song \"A Day in the Life\" from the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.\nCivil taught at the Royal College of Music. Among his pupils is Timothy Brown. He was appointed an OBE in 1985.\nCivil died of liver and kidney failure on 19 March 1989 at King's College Hospital in London. He was 59 years old.", "Q103637": "Michael J. G. Gleissner (born 1969 in Regensburg, Germany) is an entrepreneur, film producer, director, screenwriter, and actor.", "Q644055": "Mollis is a former municipality in the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Effective from 1 January 2011, Mollis is part of the municipality of Glarus Nord.", "Q3615114": "Anatoliy Isakovich Lure (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0301, 19 July 1901 \u2013 12 February 1980) was a Soviet engineer and applied mathematician, notable for his contributions to nonlinear control.", "Q280586": "Legend of Dinosaurs & Monster Birds (\u6050\u7adc\u30fb\u602a\u9ce5\u306e\u4f1d\u8aac, Ky\u014dry\u016b Kaich\u014d no Densetsu, lit. Legend of Dinosaurs and Ominous Birds), also known in the U.S. as The \"Legend of Dinosaurs\" is a 1977 Japanese science fiction film produced and distributed by Toei Company.\n\n", "Q106997": "Jamie Lee Curtis (born November 22, 1958) is an American actress, author, and activist. She made her film acting debut in 1978 as Laurie Strode in John Carpenter's horror film Halloween. The film established her as a \"scream queen\", and she appeared in a string of horror films in 1980, including The Fog, Prom Night, and Terror Train. She reprised the role of Laurie in the sequels Halloween II (1981), Halloween H20: 20 Years Later (1998), Halloween: Resurrection (2002), and Halloween (2018).\nCurtis' film work spans many genres, including the cult comedies Trading Places (1983), for which she received a BAFTA for Best Supporting Actress, and A Fish Called Wanda (1988), for which she earned a BAFTA nomination for Best Actress. She won a Golden Globe, an American Comedy Award, and a Saturn Award for playing the starring role of Helen Tasker in James Cameron's action comedy film True Lies (1994). Curtis' other major films include Blue Steel (1990), My Girl (1991), Forever Young (1992), The Tailor of Panama (2001), Freaky Friday (2003), Beverly Hills Chihuahua (2008), You Again (2010), Veronica Mars (2014), and Knives Out (2019).\nCurtis received a Golden Globe and a People's Choice Award for her portrayal of Hannah Miller on the ABC sitcom Anything But Love (1989\u20131992). She earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for her work in the television film Nicholas' Gift (1998). She also starred as Cathy Munsch on the Fox horror comedy series Scream Queens (2015\u20132016), for which she earned her seventh Golden Globe nomination.\nCurtis is the daughter of Janet Leigh and Tony Curtis. She is married to Christopher Guest, with whom she has two adopted children. She has written numerous children's books, with her 1998 release Today I Feel Silly, and Other Moods That Make My Day making The New York Times' best-seller list. She is also a frequent blogger for The Huffington Post. Curtis received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1998.", "Q329700": "Richard Morea (born April 30, 1940), better known by his stage name Burt Young, is an American actor, author and painter. He is best known for his role as Rocky Balboa's brother-in-law and best friend Paulie Pennino in the Rocky film series, being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the first film.\nHe has also appeared in Chinatown (1974), The Gambler (1974), Convoy (1978), Uncle Joe Shannon (1978), Once Upon a Time in America (1984), The Pope of Greenwich Village (1984), Back to School (1986), Last Exit to Brooklyn (1990), Transamerica (2005), and Win Win (2011).", "Q156178": "Leslie Howard Steiner (3 April 1893 \u2013 1 June 1943) was an English stage and film actor, director, and producer. He also wrote many stories and articles for The New York Times, The New Yorker, and Vanity Fair and was one of the biggest box-office draws and movie idols of the 1930s.\nActive in both Britain and Hollywood, Howard is probably best remembered for playing Ashley Wilkes in Gone with the Wind (1939). He had roles in many other notable films, including Berkeley Square (1933), Of Human Bondage (1934), The Scarlet Pimpernel (1934), The Petrified Forest (1936), Pygmalion (1938), Intermezzo (1939), \"Pimpernel\" Smith (1941), and The First of the Few (1942). He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for Berkeley Square and Pygmalion.\nHoward's World War II activities included acting and filmmaking. He was active in anti-German propaganda and rumoured to have been involved with British or Allied Intelligence, sparking conspiracy theories regarding his death in 1943 when the Luftwaffe shot down BOAC Flight 777 over the Atlantic (off the coast of Cedeira, A Coru\u00f1a), on which he was a passenger.\n\n", "Q127781": "Charles Astor Bristed (October 6, 1820 \u2013 January 14, 1874) was an American scholar and author, sometimes writing under the pen name Carl Benson. He was the first American to write a full-length defense of Americanisms.", "Q74337": "Thomas Monteagle Bayly (March 26, 1775 \u2013 January 7, 1834) was an eighteenth and nineteenth century politician, lawyer and planter from Virginia. He was the father of Thomas Henry Bayly.", "Q535172": "Vladimir Alekseyevich Solovyov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0451\u0432; born 11 November 1946) is a former Soviet cosmonaut.\nHe was selected as a cosmonaut on 1 December 1978 and flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz T-10 and Soyuz T-15, spending a total of 361 days, 22 hours, 49 minutes in space. His first flight, Soyuz T-10, took off on 8 February 1984, to join Salyut 7. The crew spent ten months (nearly 237 days) performing numerous medical and space manufacturing experiments. They came down aboard Soyuz T-11 on 2 October 1984. Solovyov's second flight was aboard Soyuz T-15, taking off on 13 March 1986 and coming back aboard the same craft on 16 July 1986, 125 days later. During the T-15 mission, the crew transferred equipment from Salyut-7 to the new Mir space station; they were the last aboard the former and the first aboard the latter.\nSolovyov then became the Mir flight director (Russian Mission Control) for several years. He retired on 18 February 1994 but came back to head the Russian segment of the International Space Station (ISS).\nSolovyov is married and has two children.\nHe was awarded:\n\nTwice Hero of the Soviet Union (2 October 1984 and 16 July 1986);\nPilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR;\nOrder of Honour (Russian Federation);\nOrder of Friendship (Russian Federation);\nTwo Orders of Lenin (USSR);\nMedal \"For Merit in Space Exploration\" (Russian Federation);\nKnight of the Legion of Honour (France);\nKirti Chakra (India).", "Q4255760": "Leonid Lebedev (born May 2, 1956) is a Cypriot-Russian billionaire businessman, and a former elected representative in Russia's Upper House of Parliament.\nLebedev is sole owner of Sintez Group, a privately held energy, oil and gas and property development company with more than $1 billion in annual sales. In 1988 he co-founded the company, which according to Forbes Russia now ranks 154th among private companies in Russia.He has also been a businessman in music and film, serving as a producer, during the 1980s and more recently, in the creation of independent films such as Hipsters and The Geographer Drank His Globe Away.\nIn 2002 he was elected to the Federation Council (Russia), Russia's Upper House of Parliament, representing the Republic of Chuvashia.", "Q618058": "Portug\u00e1lia Airlines is a Portuguese regional airline with its head office on the grounds of Lisbon Portela Airport in Lisbon. It is a subsidiary of TAP Air Portugal and operates scheduled international and domestic services from its bases at Lisbon Airport and Porto Airport on behalf of TAP Express.", "Q127959": "Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer (17 May 1836 \u2013 16 August 1920) was an English scientist and astronomer. Along with the French scientist Pierre Janssen, he is credited with discovering the gas helium. Lockyer also is remembered for being the founder and first editor of the influential journal Nature.", "Q978389": "Vicente Riva Palacio y Guerrero (16 October 1832 in Mexico City \u2013 22 November 1896 in Madrid) was a liberal politician, novelist, journalist, intellectual, and military leader.\nHis father was Mariano Riva Palacio, a moderate liberal, and his mother was Mar\u00eda de los Dolores Guerrero Hern\u00e1ndez, daughter of independence hero and President of Mexico Vicente Guerrero and Mar\u00eda de Guadalupe Hern\u00e1ndez. Vicente's father worked for the Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico in Quer\u00e9taro during the French intervention in Mexico.", "Q34713": "Salzburg (Austrian: [\u02c8saltsb\u028a\u0281k]; German: [\u02c8zaltsb\u028a\u0281k] (listen); literally \"Salt Fortress\"; Austro-Bavarian: Soizburg) is the capital city of the State of Salzburg and with 154,211 inhabitants, it is the fourth-largest city in Austria.\nThe town is located on the site of the former Roman settlement of Iuvavum. Salzburg was founded as an episcopal see in 696 and became a seat of the archbishop in 798. Its main sources of income were salt extraction and trade and, at times, gold mining. The fortress of Hohensalzburg, one of the largest medieval fortresses in Europe, dates from the 11th century. In the 17th century, Salzburg became a centre of the Counter-Reformation, where monasteries and numerous Baroque churches were built.\nSalzburg's historic centre (German: Altstadt) is thus renowned for its Baroque architecture and is one of the best-preserved city centres north of the Alps, with 27 churches. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. The city has three universities and a large population of students. Tourists also visit Salzburg to tour the historic centre and the scenic Alpine surroundings. Salzburg was the birthplace of the 18th-century composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Because of its history, culture, and attractions, Salzburg has been labeled Austria's \"most inspiring city.\"\n\n", "Q63893": "Paul Carell (born Paul Karl Schmidt; 2 November 1911, Kelbra \u2013 20 June 1997) was a German propagandist who was the chief press spokesman for Joachim von Ribbentrop's Foreign Ministry during the Nazi era. In this capacity during World War II, he maintained close ties with the Wehrmacht, while he served in the Allgemeine-SS (General SS). One of his specialities was the \"Jewish question\". After the war, Carell became a successful author, although critics claim that his books romanticized and whitewashed the Wehrmacht.", "Q179825": "Abdelkader ibn Muhieddine (6 September 1808 \u2013 26 May 1883; Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u200e \u02bfAbd al-Q\u0101dir ibn Mu\u1e25yidd\u012bn), known as the Emir Abdelkader or Abdelkader El Djezairi, was an Algerian religious and military leader who led a struggle against the French colonial invasion in the mid-19th century. An Islamic scholar and Sufi who unexpectedly found himself leading a military campaign, he built up a collection of Algerian tribesmen that for many years successfully held out against one of the most advanced armies in Europe. His consistent regard for what would now be called human rights, especially as regards his Christian opponents, drew widespread admiration, and a crucial intervention to save the Christian community of Damascus from a massacre in 1860 brought honours and awards from around the world. Within Algeria, his efforts to unite the country against French invaders saw him hailed as the \"modern Jugurtha\" and his ability to combine religious and political authority has led to his being acclaimed as the \"Saint among the Princes, the Prince among the Saints\".", "Q514802": "The Prussian Academy of Arts (German: Preu\u00dfische Akademie der K\u00fcnste) was a state arts academy first established in Berlin, Brandenburg, in 1694/1696 by prince-elector Frederick III, in personal union Duke Frederick I of Prussia, and later king in Prussia.", "Q131685": "Christopher Nicholas Sarantakos (Greek: \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2; born December 19, 1967), known by the stage name Criss Angel, is an American magician, illusionist and musician. Angel began his career in New York City, before moving his base of operations to the Las Vegas Valley. He is known for starring in the television and stage show Criss Angel Mindfreak and his previous live performance illusion show Criss Angel Believe in collaboration with Cirque du Soleil at the Luxor casino in Las Vegas. The show generated $150 million in tourist revenue to Las Vegas in 2010, but has since been replaced by Mindfreak LIVE on 11 May 2016 (the show is partly produced by Cirque, however the directive rights are entirely with Criss Angel). He also starred in the television series Criss Angel BeLIEve on Spike TV, the reality-competition television show Phenomenon on NBC, and the 2014 stage show Criss Angel Magicjam.\nAngel has been on primetime television for more hours than any other magician in history, between his television series and various specials on cable and network television. He also holds multiple world-records made during his magic performances, and was named Magician of the Decade in 2009 and Magician of the Century in 2010 by the International Magicians Society. In addition to his career as an illusionist, Angel was the lead singer for his industrial band Angeldust, which released five albums between 1998 and 2003. He also authored the book Mindfreak: Secret Revelations.", "Q88832": "Werner Krauss (7 June 1900 - 28 August 1976) was a German university professor (Romance studies).During the 1940s he became a political activist. In 1943 he was found guilty of preparing to commit high treason and condemned to death. Following the intervention of influential fellow-intellectuals the sentence was commuted to a five-year prison term in 1944.", "Q659004": "Ern\u0151 Mih\u00e1lyfi (3 September 1898 - 20 November 1972) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1947. He learned in the Budapest University of Technology and Economics then fought in the First World War. After the war, he worked as a journalist. Between 1923 and 1924, he worked and lived in the United States. Mih\u00e1lyfi was member of the Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party. He also served as Minister of Information and later as Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly. He was member of the parliament until his death.", "Q329066": "Bart Boudewijn Peter Moeyaert (born 9 June 1964) is a Belgian writer.\n\n", "Q3605461": "Adolfo Orsi (23 March 1888 \u2013 20 December 1972) was an Italian industrialist, known for owning the Maserati automobile maker.\nBorn within a poor family in Sant'Agnese, near Modena, Orsi lost his father in 1899 - an event that forced him to start working at a very young age. In the late 1920s he started his own business as scrap iron, steel mill and farm equipment manufacturer, eventually employing hundreds of people from Modena and the surrounding area. Orsi soon started pursuing interests outside of the company, including running the trolley company of Modena, and being involved with the local soccer team, Modena F.C. in its successful early years. With his brother, Marcello, he was also involved in a Fiat dealership, the Fiat A.M. Orsi (1935).", "Q25178": "Daniele Luppi (born 1972) is an Italian composer, musician, arranger and producer based in Los Angeles, California. Luppi is known for his cinematic music productions. He was also featured in Gnarls Barkley's 2006 album St. Elsewhere and the Red Hot Chili Peppers 2016 album, The Getaway.", "Q64642": "Johann Christian G\u00fcnther (8 April 1695 \u2013 15 March 1723) was a German poet from Striegau in Lower Silesia. After attending the gymnasium at Schweidnitz, he was sent in 1715 by his father, a country doctor, to study medicine at Wittenberg; but he was idle and dissipated, had no taste for the profession chosen for him, and came to a complete rupture with his family. In 1717 he went to Leipzig, where he was befriended by Johann Burkhard Mencke (1674\u20131732), who recognized his genius; and there he published a poem on the peace of Passarowitz (concluded between the German emperor and the Porte in 1718) which acquired him reputation. A recommendation from Mencke to Frederick Augustus II of Saxony, king of Poland, proved worse than useless, as G\u00fcnther appeared at the audience drunk. From that time he led an unsettled and dissipated life, sinking ever deeper into the slough of misery, until he died at Jena on March 15, 1723, when only in his 28th year. Goethe pronounces G\u00fcnther to have been a poet in the fullest sense of the term. His lyric poems as a whole give evidence of deep and lively sensibility, fine imagination, clever wit, and a true ear for melody and rhythm; but an air of cynicism is more or less present in most of them, and dull or vulgar witticisms are not infrequently found side by side with the purest inspirations of his genius.", "Q151171": "Isabella Eug\u00e9nie Boyer (17 Dec 1841 \u2013 12 May 1904) was a French model.", "Q956712": "Carlo Grande (born 10 February 1957) is an Italian writer, screenwriter and journalist.\nHe works for several newspapers including La Stampa and La Repubblica. and has written several novels.", "Q445481": "Kaci Deanne Brown is an American singer and songwriter. Born in Sulphur Springs, Texas, she began performing at an early age, performing across Texas and winning the title of \"Little Miss Texas Overall Grand Talent\" at ten years old. At age 11, she moved with her family to Nashville, Tennessee in 2001, where she quickly established herself in the country scene. She soon signed a music publishing deal as a staff songwriter with Roy and Barbara Orbison's Still Working Music, initially with the intention of developing a career in country music. She eventually chose to pursue a pop career and toured with the Backstreet Boys. At age 17, she released her debut album Instigator via Interscope Records in 2005. She co-wrote all but one of the album's songs with producer Toby Gad.In 2016, Brown was signed to NHMM, Notting Hill Music's label. On June 23, 2017, Bone Thugs-N-Harmony released their album New Waves which features Brown on the album's fifth track, \"That Girl\". Brown is currently writing and performing as one half of country duo Brown & Gray, with Sam Gray. On June 30, 2017, the duo released a new single called \"Top Down\". She has also worked on collaborations with Brad Crisler and Leslie Satcher.\nBrown has written for and contributed to numerous artists and albums, including Greyson Chance (Hold on 'Til The Night), and Pixie Lott (Turn It Up).", "Q1043016": "Carlos Libedinsky is an Argentine musician, composer and, producer. Born in 1961, he is most renowned for his neo-tango project, Narcotango.\nBefore tango, Libedinsky transited through different genres, such as rock, pop, blues, medieval, and renaissance music. In 1992, he founded the duet Los Mareados, where he was also a composer.\nSince 1986, he has been the director of Tademus, a music school in Buenos Aires.\nAs Narcotango, he made European tours in 2003, 2005, and 2007.\nThe Narcotango band consists of the following members:\nCarlos Libedinsky, on bandone\u00f3n\nMariano Castro, on keyboard and samplers \nMarcelo Toth, on guitar\nFernando del Castillo, on drums/ percussion\nJuan Pablo Maicas, on bass\n\n", "Q455692": "Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (12 March 1900 \u2013 17 January 1975) was the 19th President of Colombia from June 1953 to May 1957. An Army General, he mounted a successful coup d'\u00e9tat against the incumbent President, Laureano G\u00f3mez Castro (1889\u20141965), imposing martial law and establishing a dictatorship in Colombia.", "Q284086": "Kicking & Screaming is a 2005 American sports comedy film directed by Jesse Dylan and written by Leo Benvenuti and Steve Rudnick. The film stars Will Ferrell and Robert Duvall as a father and son who exploit their own son's soccer teams to try and beat the other. Mike Ditka, Kate Walsh and Josh Hutcherson also star. It was released on May 13, 2005 to mixed reviews and grossed $56 million worldwide.", "Q26471": "Marcus Ummidius Quadratus Annianus (138 CE - 182 CE) was a Roman Senator and the nephew of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius. He was involved in an unsuccessful plot to assassinate his cousin the Emperor Commodus, which led to his execution afterwards. \nOffices Quadratus Annianus held included legate to the proconsul of Africa, and consul ordinarius in 167 with the emperor Lucius Aurelius Verus.", "Q334751": "Salwator Cemetery (Polish: Cmentarz Salwatorski), is a historic cemetery in the Salwator neighborhood of Krak\u00f3w located north-west of the city centre. It was consecrated in 1865.", "Q71529": "Johann Friedrich, Freiherr Cotta von Cottendorf (April 27, 1764 \u2013 December 29, 1832) was a German publisher, industrial pioneer and politician.", "Q115733": "Anita Traversi (25 July 1937 \u2013 25 September 1991) was a Swiss singer, best known for her participation in the Eurovision Song Contests of 1960 and 1964.\n\n", "Q372704": "Sean Hardy Faris (born March 25, 1982) is an American actor, model, and producer. He is known for his roles as Jake Tyler in Never Back Down, Kyo Kusanagi in The King of Fighters, and Rick Penning in Forever Strong.", "Q69366": "Willy Hugo Hellpach (26 February 1877 in Oels, Silesia - 6 July 1955 in Heidelberg) was the sixth State President of Baden. He was a member of the German Democratic Party (DDP). He was also a physician and psychologist.\nHellpach went to school in Greifswald to study medicine. Following his graduation in 1897, he went to Leipzig to study psychology. He received his doctorate and opened a practice in 1904. He served as a doctor in the First World War.\nIn 1918, he joined the DDP in Baden. In 1922, he became Minister for Teaching, and in 1924, with the surge of support to the DDP, became State President of Baden. In elections the following year, the Centre Party under Gustav Trunk regained their majority. Hellpach then ran for Reich President following the death of Friedrich Ebert, but only received 5.8% of the vote. Following a brief (1928\u20131930) seat in the Reichstag, Hellpach withdrew from politics.\nHe wrote a book Geopsyche in 1935 that is credited with being the first mention of the field of Environmental psychology.", "Q365278": "Eric Joseph Jungmann (born December 2, 1981) is an American film and television actor perhaps best known for his role of Jain McManus in Night Stalker. He also had a recurring role of Ivan, Larry Beale's yes-man in the Disney Channel original sitcom Even Stevens. In 2007, he appeared in a Wendy's commercial.\nJungmann was born in Orlando, Florida, the son of restaurateurs Janet and Jim Jungmann. He attended both the North East School of the Arts and the International School of the Americas, both in San Antonio, Texas.\nJungmann was also in a commercial for the WCW video game \"WCW Mayhem\".\nJungmann appeared in the 2009 film Timer with Emma Caulfield and JoBeth Williams.", "Q5172": "Jean Bodel (c. 1165 \u2013 c. 1210), was an Old French poet who wrote a number of chansons de geste as well as many fabliaux. He lived in Arras.", "Q432386": "A preacher is a person who delivers sermons or homilies on religious topics to an assembly of people. Less common are preachers who preach on the street, or those whose message is not necessarily religious, but who preach components such as a moral or social worldview or philosophy.", "Q557278": "Yehuda Leib Krinsky (Judah Leib Krinsky) (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d1 \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05e0\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9) was a Belarusian Jewish Hebrew scholar, theologian, businessman and philanthropist, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.", "Q94994": "Bohdan Smole\u0144 (9 June 1947 \u2013 15 December 2016) was a Polish comedian, singer and actor. He was a member of the Kabaret TEY, and was featured in the television show \u015awiat wed\u0142ug Kiepskich (Night and Day).On 20 May 2009 he was awarded the silver medal \"Zas\u0142u\u017cony Kulturze - Gloria Artis\" for his contributions to Polish culture.He died in a Pozna\u0144 hospital on 15 December 2016 from a serious infection linked to lung disease. He was 69.", "Q173139": "George Manneh Oppong Weah (; born 1 October 1966) is a Liberian politician and former professional footballer currently serving as the 25th President of Liberia, in office since 2018. Prior to his election to the presidency, Weah served as Senator from Montserrado County. During his football career, he played as a striker. His prolific 18-year professional playing career ended in 2003.After beginning his career in his home country of Liberia, Weah spent 14 years playing for clubs in France, Italy, and England. Ars\u00e8ne Wenger first brought him to Europe, signing him for Monaco in 1988. Weah moved to Paris Saint-Germain in 1992 where he won Ligue 1 in 1994 and became the top scorer of the 1994\u201395 UEFA Champions League. He signed for A.C. Milan in 1995 where he spent four successful seasons, winning Serie A twice. His most notable goal in Italy saw him run the length of the field against Verona. He moved to the Premier League towards the end of his career and had spells at Chelsea and Manchester City, winning the FA Cup at the former, before returning to France to play for Marseille in 2001, and subsequently ending his career with Al-Jazira in 2003. FourFourTwo named Weah one of the best players never to win the UEFA Champions League.At international level, Weah represented Liberia at the African Cup of Nations on two occasions, winning 53 caps and scoring 13 goals for his country. He played an international friendly in 2018 where his number 14 jersey was retired. Scott Murray in The Guardian writes Weah was \u201chamstrung in World Cup terms by hailing from a global minnow\u201d. He is regarded as one of the best players never to have played at the tournament.Widely regarded as one of the greatest African players of all time, in 1995, he was named FIFA World Player of the Year and won the Ballon d'Or, becoming the first and to date only African player to win these awards. In 1989, 1994 and 1995, he was also named the African Footballer of the Year, and in 1996, he was named African Player of the Century. Known for his acceleration, speed, and dribbling ability, in addition to his goalscoring and finishing, Weah was described by FIFA as \"the precursor of the multi-functional strikers of today\". In 2004, he was named by Pel\u00e9 in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players.Weah became involved in politics in Liberia following his retirement from football. He formed the Congress for Democratic Change and ran unsuccessfully for President in the 2005 election, losing to Ellen Johnson Sirleaf in the second round of voting. In the 2011 election, he ran unsuccessfully for Vice President alongside Winston Tubman. Weah was subsequently elected to the Liberian Senate for Montserrado County in the 2014 elections. Weah was elected President of Liberia in the 2017 election, defeating the incumbent Vice President Joseph Boakai, and sworn in on 22 January 2018.\n\n", "Q258462": "Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick (; May 2, 1950 \u2013 April 12, 2009) was an American academic scholar in the fields of gender studies, queer theory (queer studies), and critical theory. Sedgwick published several books considered \"groundbreaking\" in the field of queer theory, including Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire (1985), Epistemology of the Closet (1990), and Tendencies (1993). Her critical writings helped create the field of queer studies. Her works reflect an interest in a range of issues, including queer performativity; experimental critical writing; the works of Marcel Proust; non-Lacanian psychoanalysis; artists' books; Buddhism and pedagogy; the affective theories of Silvan Tomkins and Melanie Klein; and material culture, especially textiles and texture.\nDrawing on feminist scholarship and the work of Michel Foucault, Sedgwick analyzed homoerotic subplots in the work of writers like Charles Dickens and Henry James. Sedgwick argued that an understanding of virtually any aspect of modern Western culture would be incomplete if it failed to incorporate a critical analysis of modern homo/heterosexual definition. She coined the terms \"homosocial\" and \"antihomophobic\".", "Q93023": "Charles Petzold (born February 2, 1953) is an American programmer and technical author on Microsoft Windows applications. He is also a Microsoft Most Valuable Professional and was named one of Microsoft's seven Windows Pioneers.", "Q604840": "The Ligue de la patrie fran\u00e7aise (French Homeland League) was a French nationalist and anti-Dreyfus organization. It was officially founded in 1899, and brought together leading right-wing artists, scientists and intellectuals. The league fielded candidates in the 1902 national elections, but was relatively unsuccessful. After this it gradually became dormant. The bulletin ceased publication in 1909.", "Q463877": "Melinda Ann Gates, (n\u00e9e French; August 15, 1964) is an American philanthropist and a former general manager at Microsoft. In 2000, she co-founded the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation with her husband Bill Gates, the world's largest private charitable organization as of 2015. Gates has consistently been ranked as one of the world's most powerful women by Forbes.", "Q837105": "Ukiah ( yoo-KY-\u0259; formerly Ukiah City) is the county seat and largest city of Mendocino County, California. With its accessible location (along the U.S. Route 101 corridor several miles south of CA 20), Ukiah serves as the city center for Mendocino County and much of neighboring Lake County.", "Q315210": "Maurice Blanchot (; French: [bl\u0251\u0303\u0283o]; 22 September 1907 \u2013 20 February 2003) was a French writer, philosopher, and literary theorist. His work had a strong influence on post-structuralist philosophers such as Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Jean-Luc Nancy.\n\n", "Q363386": "Dermot Mulroney (born October 31, 1963) is an American actor, musician, and voice actor. He is best known for his roles in romantic comedy, western, and drama films. Appearing on screen since the mid-1980s, he is known for his work in films such as Young Guns (1988), Staying Together (1989), Where the Day Takes You (1992), Point of No Return (1993), Angels in the Outfield (1994), My Best Friend's Wedding (1997), About Schmidt (2002), The Wedding Date (2005), August: Osage County (2013), Insidious: Chapter 3 (2015), and the HBO films The Last Outlaw (1993) and Long Gone (1987). Mulroney played the main antagonist Francis Gibson in NBC's Crisis, Dr. Walter Wallace in Pure Genius, Sean Pierce in Showtime's Shameless and Bobby Sheridan in USA's The Purge.", "Q442661": "Susanna Thompson (born January 27, 1958) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in films Little Giants (1994), Ghosts of Mississippi (1996), Random Hearts (1999) and Dragonfly (2002). On television, Thompson played Dr. Lenara Kahn in the groundbreaking episode \"Rejoined\" in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1995), the iconic Borg Queen in three episodes of Star Trek: Voyager (1999\u20132000), Karen Sammler on the drama series Once and Again (1999\u20132002) and Moira Queen on the series Arrow (2012\u20132014).", "Q1364820": "John Herman Cox (n\u00e9 Kaplan; born July 15, 1955) is an American accountant, attorney, businessman, broadcaster, and politician. He became a California resident in 2011, and was the Republican candidate in the 2018 California gubernatorial election, after placing second in the state's June 5 nonpartisan blanket primary. On November 6, 2018, he lost to Democrat Gavin Newsom.", "Q482323": "Charles Concordia (20 June 1908 \u2013 25 December 2003) was a noted American electrical engineer specializing in electrical power engineering and the early history of computer hardware.", "Q215562": "Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey; c.\u2009February 1817 \u2013 February 20, 1895) was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. After escaping from slavery in Maryland, he became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, gaining note for his oratory and incisive antislavery writings. In his time, he was described by abolitionists as a living counter-example to slaveholders' arguments that slaves lacked the intellectual capacity to function as independent American citizens. Northerners at the time found it hard to believe that such a great orator had once been a slave.Douglass wrote several autobiographies. He described his experiences as a slave in his 1845 autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, which became a bestseller, and was influential in promoting the cause of abolition, as was his second book, My Bondage and My Freedom (1855). After the Civil War, Douglass remained an active campaigner against slavery and wrote his last autobiography, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. First published in 1881 and revised in 1892, three years before his death, it covered events during and after the Civil War. Douglass also actively supported women's suffrage, and held several public offices. Without his approval, Douglass became the first African American nominated for Vice President of the United States as the running mate and Vice Presidential nominee of Victoria Woodhull, on the Equal Rights Party ticket.Douglass was a firm believer in the equality of all peoples, whether white, black, female, Native American, or Chinese immigrants. He was also a believer in dialogue and in making alliances across racial and ideological divides, and in the liberal values of the U.S. Constitution. When radical abolitionists, under the motto \"No Union with Slaveholders\", criticized Douglass' willingness to engage in dialogue with slave owners, he replied: \"I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong.\"", "Q80739": "Charlton Heston (born John Charles Carter; October 4, 1923 \u2013 April 5, 2008) was an American actor and political activist.\nAs a Hollywood star, he appeared in almost 100 films over the course of 60 years. He played Moses in the epic film The Ten Commandments (1956), for which he received his first nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Drama. He also starred in Touch of Evil (1958) with Orson Welles, Ben-Hur (1959), for which he won the Oscar for Best Actor, El Cid (1961), Planet of the Apes (1968), The Greatest Show on Earth (1952), Secret of the Incas (1954), The Big Country (1958), and The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965).\nA supporter of Democratic politicians and civil rights in the 1960s, Heston later became a Republican, founding a conservative political action committee and supporting Ronald Reagan. Heston was the five-term president of the National Rifle Association (NRA), from 1998 to 2003. After announcing he had Alzheimer's disease in 2002, he retired from both acting and the NRA presidency.", "Q176041": "Elisabeth of Valois (Spanish: Isabel de Valois; French: \u00c9lisabeth de France) (2 April 1545 \u2013 3 October 1568) was a Spanish queen consort as the third spouse of Philip II of Spain. She was the eldest daughter of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici.", "Q677676": "Landsberg Prison is a penal facility in the town of Landsberg am Lech in the southwest of the German state of Bavaria, about 65 kilometres (40 mi) west-southwest of Munich and 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Augsburg. It is best known as the prison where Adolf Hitler was held in 1924, after the failed Beer Hall Putsch in Munich, and where he dictated his memoirs Mein Kampf to Rudolf Hess.\nThe prison was used by the Allied powers during the Occupation of Germany for holding Nazi War Criminals. In 1946 General Joseph T. McNarney, commander in chief, U.S. Forces of Occupation in Germany renamed Landsberg: War Criminal Prison Nr. 1. The Americans closed the war crimes facility in 1958. Control of the prison was then handed over to the Federal Republic of Germany.\nLandsberg is now maintained by the Prison Service of the Bavarian Ministry of Justice.", "Q1132412": "Randolph Isaiah \"Ikey\" Owens (December 1, 1974 \u2013 October 14, 2014) was an American Grammy Award winning keyboardist known for his work with The Mars Volta, Jack White and an array of bands from the Long Beach music scene.", "Q477802": "Kikki, Bettan & Lotta was a Swedish-Norwegian super trio, active 2001-2004 and consisting Kikki Danielsson, Elisabeth \"Bettan\" Andreassen and Lotta Engberg.", "Q88365": "Carl Wilhelm T\u00f6lcke (31 May 1817 in Eslohe, Sauerland \u2013 30 November 1893 in Dortmund) was a German Social democratic politician, the \"father of Social democracy in Westphalia\" and president of the General German Workers' Association.", "Q669448": "Lieutenant-General Kerim Aliyevich Kerimov (Azerbaijani: K\u0259rim \u018fli o\u011flu K\u0259rimov, Russian: \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0410\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432; November 14, 1917 \u2013 March 29, 2003) was a Soviet Azerbaijani engineer, who is regarded as one of the key scientists and founders in the Soviet Union's space program, and for many years a central figure in the Soviet space program. Despite his prominent role, his identity was kept a secret from the public for most of his career. He was one of the lead architects behind the string of Soviet successes that stunned the world from the late 1950s \u2013 from the launch of the first satellite, the Sputnik 1 in 1957, and the first human spaceflight, Yuri Gagarin's 108-minute trip around the globe aboard the Vostok 1 in 1961, to the first fully automated space docking, of Cosmos 186 and Cosmos 188 in 1967, and the first space stations, the Salyut and Mir series from 1971 to 1991.", "Q86348": "Ludwig St\u00f6ssel (February 12, 1883 \u2013 January 29, 1973) was an actor born in Lockenhaus, Austria. He was one of many Jewish actors and actresses who were forced to flee Europe when the Nazis came to power in 1933.", "Q318734": "William Claude Rains (10 November 1889 \u2013 30 May 1967) was a British-American film and stage actor whose career spanned six decades. After his American film debut as Dr. Jack Griffin in The Invisible Man (1933) he appeared in classic films such as The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), The Wolf Man (1941), Casablanca and Kings Row (both 1942), Notorious (1946), The Pied Piper of Hamelin (1957), and Lawrence of Arabia (1962).\nHe was a Tony Award winning actor and was a four-time nominee for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Rains was considered to be \"one of the screen's great character stars\" who was, according to the All-Movie Guide, \"at his best when playing cultured villains\". During his lengthy career, he was greatly admired by many of his acting colleagues, such as Bette Davis, Vincent Sherman, Ronald Neame, Albert Dekker, John Gielgud, Charles Laughton and Richard Chamberlain.", "Q121119": "Friedrich Haag (20 August 1856 \u2013 8 December 1941) was a pioneering German crystallographer.An article written by Haag in the de:Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kristallographie (a German crystallography journal) was used by M. C. Escher in his study of tessellation.", "Q371782": "Alison Maria Krauss (born July 23, 1971) is an American bluegrass-country singer and musician. She entered the music industry at an early age, winning local contests by the age of 10 and recording for the first time at 14. She signed with Rounder Records in 1985 and released her first solo album in 1987. She was invited to join the band with which she still performs, Alison Krauss and Union Station, and later released her first album with them as a group in 1989.She has released fourteen albums, appeared on numerous soundtracks, and helped renew interest in bluegrass music in the United States. Her soundtrack performances have led to further popularity, including the O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack, an album also credited with raising American interest in bluegrass, and the Cold Mountain soundtrack, which led to her performance at the 2004 Academy Awards.\nAs of 2019, she has won 27 Grammy Awards from 42 nominations, ranking her third behind Quincy Jones and classical conductor Georg Solti for most Grammy Award wins. She is the most awarded singer and the most awarded female artist in Grammy history. At the time of her first, the 1991 Grammy Awards, she was the second-youngest winner (currently tied as the ninth-youngest).\nOn November 21, 2019, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Donald Trump.", "Q245355": "Count Zygmunt Krasi\u0144ski (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8z\u0268\u0261munt kra\u02c8\u0255i\u0272sk\u02b2i]; 19 February 1812 \u2013 23 February 1859), a Polish nobleman traditionally ranked with Adam Mickiewicz and Juliusz S\u0142owacki as one of Poland's Three National Bards \u2014 the trio of great Romantic poets who influenced national consciousness during the period of Poland's political bondage. He was the most famous member of the aristocratic Krasi\u0144ski family.", "Q126676": "Transmorphers is a science fiction alien invasion film released direct-to-DVD on June 26, 2007. It was written and directed by Leigh Scott and produced by David Michael Latt and The Asylum, \"a studio whose work gets slightly more respect than the Girls Gone Wild series, and slightly less than backyard-wrestling DVDs\", according to Keith Phipps of AVClub. Transmorphers was developed as a mockbuster, intending to capitalize on Michael Bay's Transformers. The film was followed by a 2009 prequel titled Transmorphers: Fall of Man.", "Q2454742": "Dana Robins Ivey (born August 12, 1941) is an American actress. She is a five-time Tony Award nominee for her work on Broadway, and won the 1997 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play for her work in both Sex and Longing and The Last Night of Ballyhoo. Her film appearances include The Color Purple (1985), Dirty Rotten Scoundrels (1988), The Addams Family (1991), Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992), Two Weeks Notice (2002), Rush Hour 3 (2007), and The Help (2011).", "Q1808682": "Music For Nations is a British independent record label focusing mainly on rock and metal. It was a subsidiary of the larger label distributor Zomba Records, which was a division of BMG and later Sony Music Entertainment.\nLaunched in 1983 by Martin Hooker, Music For Nations established itself as a European leader in the rock and metal world, with early signings like Tank, Exciter, Metallica (who had three gold albums while on MFN), Slayer and Megadeth paving the way. As Music For Nations grew, the company expanded its operation to include not just licensed acts from the US, but its own signings. It released albums by artists including Paradise Lost, Opeth, Anathema, Cradle of Filth, Testament and countless other metal bands. As well as the traditional metal bands Music For Nations went on to sign up and coming UK bands such as Tigertailz who had a top 40 album while signed to Music For Nations.\nIn 2004, the label closed down. The company's catalogue \u2014 which had also previously included titles from artists as varied as Lost Horizon, Tigertailz and Frank Zappa \u2014 was transferred to parent company Zomba Records Group. In December 2011, The End Records signed a distribution deal for 50 of Music For Nations' catalog albums.In February 2015 Music For Nations relaunched through Sony's commercial department, with plans to reissue albums from their catalogue including Anathema, Paradise Lost, Opeth, Spiritual Beggars, Cradle of Filth and others. They also intend to, in the spirit of the label's original purpose, sign original heavy talent for singles, EPs and compilation albums.\nIn October 2017, Music For Nations signed two newcomers, metalcore band Bury Tomorrow and ambient rock band Blanket. In June 2018, American metalcore band Killswitch Engage joined Music For Nations' UK roster; the band's forthcoming album will be marketed by Metal Blade Records in the United States, and internationally through Columbia/Sony.", "Q440710": "Antonio Tajani (Italian pronunciation: [an\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0njo ta\u02c8ja\u02d0ni]; born 4 August 1953) is an Italian politician and former Italian Army officer, serving as President of the European Parliament from 2017 to 2019, and has served as a member of the European Parliament since 2014.\n\n", "Q1305574": "Kommissar LaBr\u00e9a is a German television series.", "Q274836": "Maria Teresa Peszek (born September 9, 1973) is a Polish singer, songwriter and actor. She embarked on a professional acting career in the early 1990s and went on to appear in over 40 stage plays, as well as a number of feature films and television series. In 2005, Peszek released her debut album, the commercially successful and critically acclaimed Miasto mania, followed by Maria Awaria (2008) and Jezus Maria Peszek (2012) which both topped the Polish albums chart and received favourable reviews. Peszek is noted for controversial lyrics and subjects of her work.\n\n", "Q213675": "Gottfried August B\u00fcrger (December 31, 1747 \u2013 June 8, 1794) was a German poet. His ballads were very popular in Germany. His most noted ballad, Lenore, found an audience beyond readers of the German language in an English and Russian adaptation and a French translation.", "Q168519": "Youth Brigade was an American hardcore punk band from Washington, D.C., formed in late 1980 and disbanded in 1981. They released the Possible EP and appeared on the Flex Your Head compilation, both on Dischord Records. Although active for less than a year, they were nevertheless contributors to the development of D.C. hardcore punk and have influenced many other bands. Several members briefly reunited for performances in 2012 and 2013.", "Q733020": "This is a complete list of the 164 shorts in the Tom and Jerry series produced, directed, and released between 1940 and 2014. Of these, 162 are theatrical shorts, one is a made-for-TV short, and one is a 2-minute sketch shown as part of a telethon.", "Q170356": "Genera\u0142 Tadeusz Komorowski (1 June 1895 \u2013 24 August 1966), better known by the name B\u00f3r-Komorowski (after one of his wartime code-names: B\u00f3r \u2013 \"The Forest\") was a Polish military leader. He was appointed commander in chief a day before the capitulation of the Warsaw uprising and following World War II, 32nd Prime Minister of Poland, 3rd Polish government-in-exile in London.", "Q940399": "Fernando Espuelas (born August 6, 1966) is an American entrepreneur, author, media personality and philanthropist.Espuelas is one of the pioneers of the consumer Internet. He is the co-founder (along with Jack Chen) and first CEO of Starmedia, the first pan-Latin Internet portal, launched in 1996 and now part of Orange, France Telecom's Internet services company. Starmedia was the first venture-capital backed Latin Internet company and also the first initial public offering (IPO) in the Latin Internet industry.According to the Harvard Business School case StarMedia: Launching a Latin American Revolution, \"by the fall of 1999, StarMedia had sprinted to a sizable lead in the race to acquire Latin American Internet users. Its pan-regional, horizontal portal was the first to target Spanish- and Portuguese-language speakers on the Internet, registering 1.2 billion page views in the third quarter of 1999. Thirty-three-year-old StarMedia co-founder Fernando Espuelas was the toast of \"Silicon Alley\" and a recognized hero throughout Latin America. A picture of him on the cover of Internet World magazine--ripping his shirt open to show the Starmedia logo, like Superman, summed up the spirit of the company.\"By the year 2000, Starmedia was the world's leading Latin portal, serving over 25 million Spanish and Portuguese speakers every month across Latin markets in America and Europe, making it one of the top sites by audience size in the world.\nEspuelas is a Henry Crown Fellow at the Aspen Institute.Many years before social media would play a leading role in the Arab Spring, Espuelas presaged that the Internet would provoke an \"uncontrollable wave of democracy\" and give \"the power of information and communication to the individual, not to institutions.\"In 2012, Espuelas was named one of \"The Nation's 100 Most Influential Hispanics\" by Poder Magazine. Time included Espuelas on their list of the \"Leaders of the Millennium\", and he was recognized as a \"2000 All-Star\" business leader by Crain's New York Business magazine. The World Economic Forum includes him among its \"Global Leaders of Tomorrow, \" and he was also a recipient of Latin Trade Magazine 's Bravo Award, being named \"Internet CEO of the Year\". He received a New York Award in 1999. Hispanic Business magazine gave Espuelas its Hispanic Entrepreneur Award in 2000. He was also named a \"Latin American Leader of the Internet\" by CNN en Espa\u00f1olEspuelas has been part of the \"power-list\" of such diverse media as The Hollywood Reporter The Industry Standard, Latino Leaders Magazine, Red Herring Magazine, Silicon Alley Reporter, Hispanic Business Magazine, CNN, Upside Magazine, and Hispanic Magazine. Espuelas was also named \"Immigrant of the Day\" by Immigration Daily in 2008.\nEspuelas was the co-founder and Chairman of the StarMedia Foundation which, in partnership with the Inter-American Development Bank and Microsoft, built technology training schools in poor neighborhoods in Brazil, Colombia and Uruguay. Espuelas served on the Board of Directors of the Educational Broadcasting Corporation, operators of PBS' New York flagship television station Thirteen (WNET) and sister station WLIW, as well as on the Board of Trustees of Connecticut College. In 2009, Espuelas became a spokesman for the Los Angeles Parent's Union, also known as Parent Revolution, a non-profit group that seeks to reform public education across the United States. In 2010, Espuelas was elected to the Board of Directors of Parent Revolution.\nLatinvision.com selected Espuelas as one of the \"Top 50 Who Matter Most!\" list of Latino media executives in 2008. The U.S. Hispanic IT Executive Council named Espuelas in 2009 and 2010 to its HITEC 100, the list of \"Most Influential Hispanics and Rising Stars in Information Technology\".In 2008, Espuelas created Radio Espuelas, a drivetime, daily bilingual talkshow broadcast on the Univision Radio Network, and online at Clear Channel Communications' IHeartRadio. A first for Univision, the leading Spanish-language media company in the United States, Espuelas' national show is broadcast in English. In 2012, The Fernando Espuelas Show was re-launched as part of the new Univision America Network.Espuelas also writes for the Huffington Post, The Hill, and CNN and is a frequent commentator on television, such as CBS News, radio on Univision and NPR, as well in print across the world.", "Q1472": "Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may affect any segment of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. Symptoms often include abdominal pain, diarrhea (which may be bloody if inflammation is severe), fever, and weight loss. Other complications outside the gastrointestinal tract may include anemia, skin rashes, arthritis, inflammation of the eye, and tiredness. The skin rashes may be due to infections as well as pyoderma gangrenosum or erythema nodosum. Bowel obstruction may occur as a complication of chronic inflammation, and those with the disease are at greater risk of bowel cancer.While the causes of Crohn's disease are unknown, it is believed to be due to a combination of environmental, immune, and bacterial factors in genetically susceptible individuals. It results in a chronic inflammatory disorder, in which the body's immune system attacks the gastrointestinal tract, possibly targeting microbial antigens. While Crohn's is an immune-related disease, it does not appear to be an autoimmune disease (in that the immune system is not being triggered by the body itself). The exact underlying immune problem is not clear; however, it may be an immunodeficiency state. About half of the overall risk is related to genetics with more than 70 genes having been found to be involved. Tobacco smokers are twice as likely to develop Crohn's disease as nonsmokers. It also often begins after gastroenteritis. Diagnosis is based on a number of findings including biopsy and appearance of the bowel wall, medical imaging and description of the disease. Other conditions that can present similarly include irritable bowel syndrome and Beh\u00e7et's disease.There are no medications or surgical procedures that can cure Crohn's disease. Treatment options are intended to help with symptoms, maintain remission, and prevent relapse. In those newly diagnosed, a corticosteroid may be used for a brief period of time to rapidly improve symptoms alongside another medication such as either methotrexate or a thiopurine used to prevent recurrence. Stopping smoking is recommended in people with Crohn's disease. One in five people with the disease is admitted to hospital each year, and half of those with the disease will require surgery for the disease at some point over a ten-year period. While surgery should be used as little as possible, it is necessary to address some abscesses, certain bowel obstructions, and cancers. Checking for bowel cancer via colonoscopy is recommended every few years, starting eight years after the disease has begun.Crohn's disease affects about 3.2 per 1,000 people in Europe and North America. It is less common in Asia and Africa. It has historically been more common in the developed world. Rates have, however, been increasing, particularly in the developing world, since the 1970s. Inflammatory bowel disease resulted in 47,400 deaths in 2015 and those with Crohn's disease have a slightly reduced life expectancy. It tends to start in the teens and twenties, although it can occur at any age. Males and females are equally affected. The disease was named after gastroenterologist Burrill Bernard Crohn, who in 1932, together with two other colleagues at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, described a series of patients with inflammation of the terminal ileum of the small intestine, the area most commonly affected by the illness.", "Q1530794": "Glen Hearst Taylor (April 12, 1904 \u2013 April 28, 1984) was an American politician, entertainer, businessman, and U.S. senator from Idaho.He was the vice presidential candidate on the Progressive Party ticket in the 1948 election. Taylor was otherwise a member of the Democratic Party. By one measure, Taylor was the second-most liberal member of the U.S. Senate, trailing only Wayne Morse of Oregon, and the fourth-most liberal member of Congress overall between 1937 and 2002.", "Q346648": "Andr\u00e9 Pierre Gabriel Am\u00e9d\u00e9e Tardieu (French: [\u0251\u0303d\u0281e ta\u0281dj\u00f8]; 22 September 1876 \u2013 15 September 1945) was three times Prime Minister of France (3 November 1929 \u2013 17 February 1930; 2 March \u2013 4 December 1930; 20 February \u2013 10 May 1932) and a dominant figure of French political life in 1929\u20131932. He was a moderate conservative with a strong intellectual reputation, but became a weak prime minister at the start of the worldwide Great Depression.", "Q436686": "Eric James McCormack (born April 18, 1963) is a Canadian-American actor and singer known for his role as Will Truman in the American sitcom Will & Grace, Grant MacLaren in Netflix's Travelers and Dr. Daniel Pierce in the American crime drama Perception.\nBorn in Toronto, McCormack started acting by performing in high school plays. He left Ryerson University in 1985 to accept a position with the Stratford Shakespeare Festival, where he spent five years performing in numerous stage productions.\nFor much of the late 1990s, he lived in Los Angeles and had minor roles. He made his feature film debut in the 1992 science-fiction adventure film The Lost World. McCormack appeared in several television series, including Top Cops, Street Justice, Lonesome Dove: The Series, Townies, and Ally McBeal. McCormack later gained worldwide recognition for playing Will Truman in Will & Grace, which premiered in September 1998. His performance has earned him six Golden Globe nominations and four Emmy nominations, ultimately winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series in 2001.\nAside from appearing in television, he made his Broadway debut in the 2001 production of The Music Man and starred in the 2005 film The Sisters. Following the series conclusion of Will & Grace in 2006, McCormack starred as the leading role in the New York production of Some Girl(s). He starred in the television miniseries The Andromeda Strain (2008) and returned to television in 2009 in the TNT drama Trust Me, which was cancelled after one season. Also in 2009, McCormack was cast in the science-fiction movie Alien Trespass. In addition, he starred as Dr. Daniel Pierce for three seasons of the TNT crime drama Perception, and provided the voice of \"Lucky\" on The Hub's Pound Puppies. From 2009 to 2010 he starred as Dr. Max Kershaw, the psychiatrist turned boyfriend of Julia Louis-Dreyfus' title character in The New Adventures of Old Christine. He is currently starring as Will Truman in the revival of Will & Grace.", "Q111964": "Hans Ledwinka (14 February 1878 \u2013 2 March 1967) was an Austrian automobile designer.", "Q504620": "The M\u00e4re is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Fribourg and Bern. The M\u00e4re lies approximately halfway between Schwarzsee and Oberwil im Simmental.", "Q179414": "Kathrin Romary Beckinsale (born 26 July 1973) is an English actress. After some minor television roles, her film debut was Much Ado About Nothing (1993) while a student at the University of Oxford. She appeared in British costume dramas such as Prince of Jutland (1994), Cold Comfort Farm (1995), Emma (1996), and The Golden Bowl (2000), in addition to various stage and radio productions. She started film work in the United States in the late 1990s, and, after appearing in small-scale dramas The Last Days of Disco (1998) and Brokedown Palace (1999), she starred in the war drama Pearl Harbor (2001), the romantic comedy Serendipity, and Tiptoes (2003). She followed those with appearances in The Aviator (2004) and Click (2006).\nAfter her role as Selene in the Underworld film series (2003\u20132016), Beckinsale is known for her work in action films, including Van Helsing (2004), Whiteout (2009), Contraband (2012), and Total Recall (2012). She continues to make appearances in smaller dramatic projects such as Snow Angels (2007), Nothing but the Truth (2008), and Everybody's Fine (2009). In 2016, she received critical acclaim for her performance in the period comedy film Love & Friendship.", "Q7003": "Dijon (UK: , US: , French: [di\u0292\u0254\u0303] (listen)) is a city in Eastern France, capital of the C\u00f4te-d'Or department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9 region.The earliest archaeological finds within the city limits of Dijon date to the Neolithic period. Dijon later became a Roman settlement named Divio, located on the road from Lyon to Paris. The province was home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th centuries and Dijon was a place of tremendous wealth and power, one of the great European centres of art, learning and science. Population (2008): 151,576 within the city limits; 250,516 (2007) for the greater Dijon area.\nThe city has retained varied architectural styles from many of the main periods of the past millennium, including Capetian, Gothic and Renaissance. Many still-inhabited town houses in the city's central district date from the 18th century and earlier. Dijon architecture is distinguished by, among other things, toits bourguignons (Burgundian polychrome roofs) made of tiles glazed in terracotta, green, yellow and black and arranged in geometric patterns.\nDijon holds an International and Gastronomic Fair every year in autumn. With over 500 exhibitors and 200,000 visitors every year, it is one of the ten most important fairs in France. Dijon is also home, every three years, to the international flower show Florissimo. Dijon is famous for Dijon mustard which originated in 1856, when Jean Naigeon of Dijon substituted verjuice, the acidic \"green\" juice of not-quite-ripe grapes, for vinegar in the traditional mustard recipe.\nThe historical centre of the city has been registered since 4 July 2015 as a UNESCO World Heritage site.", "Q215204": "Louis II, sometimes called the Younger (825 \u2013 12 August 875), was the king of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 844, co-ruling with his father Lothair I until 855, after which he ruled alone. Louis's usual title was imperator augustus (\"august emperor\"), but he used imperator Romanorum (\"emperor of the Romans\") after his conquest of Bari in 871, which led to poor relations with the Eastern Roman Empire. He was called imperator Italiae (\"emperor of Italy\") in West Francia while the Byzantines called him Basileus Phrangias (\"king of Francia\"). The chronicler Andreas of Bergamo, who is the main source for Louis's activities in southern Italy, notes that \"after his death a great tribulation came to Italy.\"", "Q2895583": "Meshulam Riklis (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05e8\u05d9\u05e7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e1\u200e;\u200e 2 December 1923 \u2013 25 January 2019) was a Turkish-born Israeli businessman.", "Q57061": "David Auburn (born November 30, 1969) is an American playwright, screenwriter, and theatre director. He is best known for his 2000 play Proof, which won the 2001 Tony Award for Best Play and Pulitzer Prize for Drama.", "Q3930216": "Rap rock is a fusion genre that fuses vocal and instrumental elements of hip hop with various forms of rock. Rap rock's most popular subgenres include rap metal and rapcore, which include heavy metal- and hardcore punk-oriented influences, respectively.", "Q105911": "Johannes Eppler (1914\u20131999), also known as Hans Eppler, John Eppler, and Hussein Gaafer, was a World War II Abwehr spy, a German who had been raised in Egypt by his Egyptian stepfather. One of Rommel's spies during the North African campaign in World War II, Operation Salaam led by L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Alm\u00e1sy spirited Eppler and Hans-Gerd Sandstede into Cairo although they were both arrested soon after arrival in July 1942. Eppler is the subject of MI5 file KV 2/1467.", "Q93745": "Inejiro Asanuma (\u6d45\u6cbc \u7a32\u6b21\u90ce, Asanuma Inejir\u014d, December 27, 1898 \u2013 October 12, 1960) was a Japanese politician and leader of the Japan Socialist Party. Asanuma became a forceful advocate of socialism in post-war Japan. He was noted for his support of the Chinese Communist Party, and his criticism of U.S\u2013Japanese relations, which were particularly controversial.\nAsanuma was assassinated with a yoroi-d\u014dshi, a traditional sword, by ultranationalist Otoya Yamaguchi while speaking in a televised political debate in Tokyo. His violent death was seen in graphic detail on national television, causing widespread public shock and outrage.\n\n", "Q189095": "Maximinus II (Latin: Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus Daia Augustus; 20 November c. 270 \u2013 July or August 313), also known as Maximinus Daia or Maximinus Daza, was Roman Emperor from 308 to 313. He became embroiled in the Civil wars of the Tetrarchy between rival claimants for control of the empire, in which he was defeated by Licinius. A committed pagan, he engaged in one of the last persecutions of Christians.", "Q444576": "Jennifer Nitsch (Cologne, December 10, 1966 \u2013 Munich, June 13, 2004) was a German television actress.", "Q60815": "Brian Randolph Greene (born February 9, 1963) is an American theoretical physicist, mathematician, and string theorist. He has been a professor at Columbia University since 1996 and chairman of the World Science Festival since co-founding it in 2008. Greene has worked on mirror symmetry, relating two different Calabi\u2013Yau manifolds (concretely, relating the conifold to one of its orbifolds). He also described the flop transition, a mild form of topology change, showing that topology in string theory can change at the conifold point.\nGreene has become known to a wider audience through his books for the general public, The Elegant Universe, Icarus at the Edge of Time, The Fabric of the Cosmos, The Hidden Reality, and related PBS television specials. He also appeared on The Big Bang Theory episode \"The Herb Garden Germination\", as well as the films Frequency and The Last Mimzy. He is currently a member of the Board of Sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Greene was also the narrator for the U.S. version of the preschool television series, Maisy.", "Q381465": "Ole Andreas Lindeman (17 January 1769 \u2013 26 February 1857) was a Norwegian musician, organist, composer and music educator.\nHe was born in the parish of \u00d8ye in Surnadal, Norway. After graduating from Trondheim Cathedral School, Lindeman attended the University of Copenhagen where first he studied law. He was subsequently a music student of Danish- Norwegian composer and music theorist, Israel Gottlieb Wernicke (1755-1836).\nFollowing a request from Bishop Johan Christian Sch\u00f8nheyder, Lindeman moved to Trondheim to become organist at V\u00e5r Frue kirke. Lindeman retained the organist position until his death 1857 having served as an organist in Trondheim in more than 50 years. During that time, he organized many concerts, composed songs and collected Norwegian folk tunes. He also taught others, among them Thomas Tellefsen, who settled in Paris and became a notable pianist and composer.In 1831, Lindeman publish the hymnal Udvalg af Psalmer uddragne af den Evangelisk-christelige Psalmebog, i s\u00e6r til Brug for den skoles\u00f8gende Ungdom. Halv-hundrede Fjeldmelodier harmoniserede for Mandsstemmer and the three volumes of \u00c6ldre og nyere norske Fjeldmelodier were published separately between 1853\u20131867. He was the father of five sons, including Ludvig Mathias Lindeman who served as cantor and organist at Oslo Cathedral.", "Q3431581": "Rick Miles was a Liberal Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in New Brunswick, Canada, who represented the constituency of Fredericton-Silverwood. Miles defeated former Progressive Conservative MLA and cabinet minister Brad Green in the September 18, 2006 general election for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. Miles lost his bid for re-election in the 2010 general election to Progressive Conservative candidate Brian Macdonald.\nMiles is a businessman in Fredericton and former member of the Canadian Forces. On November 28, 2006 he was elected caucus chair for his Liberal Party. On July 24, 2009, he was added to the province's cabinet as Minister of Environment.\n\n", "Q313107": "Jonathan Daniel Hamm (born March 10, 1971) is an American actor and producer best known for playing advertising executive Don Draper in the AMC television drama series Mad Men (2007\u20132015).\nFor much of the mid-1990s, he lived in Los Angeles, making appearances in television series Providence, The Division, What About Brian, and Related. In 2000, he made his feature film debut in the space adventure film Space Cowboys. The next year, he had a minor role in the independent comedy Kissing Jessica Stein (2001).\nHe gained wide recognition when Mad Men began in July 2007. His performance earned him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series \u2013 Drama in 2008 and again in 2016, and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2015. He also directed two episodes of the show.\nIn 2008, Hamm appeared in a remake of the science fiction film The Day the Earth Stood Still. His first leading film role was in the 2010 independent thriller Stolen. He then had leading roles in Million Dollar Arm (2014), Keeping Up with the Joneses (2016), and Beirut (2018), and supporting roles in The Town (2010), Sucker Punch (2011), Bridesmaids (2011), Baby Driver (2017), Tag (2018), and Bad Times at the El Royale (2018). Hamm has received 16 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his performances in or production of Mad Men, 30 Rock (2006\u20132013), and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt (2015\u20132019).\nHis other television credits include featuring in the Sky Arts series A Young Doctor's Notebook and guest roles in Black Mirror, Parks and Recreation and Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp. He has also provided his voice for the animated films Shrek Forever After (2010) and Minions (2015), along with the second season of the FX series Legion (2018).\nHis most recent works include portraying the angel Gabriel in the Amazon Prime Video miniseries television adaptation of Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman\u2019s book, Good Omens.\n\n", "Q501758": "The University of Florida (Florida or UF) is a public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university in Gainesville, Florida. It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida and traces its origins to 1853 and has operated continuously on its Gainesville campus since September 1906.The University of Florida is the only member of the Association of American Universities in Florida. The university is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity\". After the Florida state legislature's creation of performance standards in 2013, the Florida Board of Governors designated the University of Florida as one of the three \"preeminent universities\" among the twelve universities of the State University System of Florida. For 2020, U.S. News & World Report ranked Florida as the seventh (tied) best public university in the United States.The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). It is the third largest Florida university by student population, and is the eighth largest single-campus university in the United States with 54,906 students enrolled for the fall 2018 semester. The University of Florida is home to 16 academic colleges and more than 150 research centers and institutes. It offers multiple graduate professional programs\u2014including business administration, engineering, law, dentistry, medicine, pharmacy and veterinary medicine\u2014on one contiguous campus, and administers 123 master's degree programs and 76 doctoral degree programs in eighty-seven schools and departments. The university's seal is also the seal of the state of Florida, which is on the state flag.\nThe University of Florida's intercollegiate sports teams, commonly known as the \"Florida Gators\", compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). In their 111-year history, the university's varsity sports teams have won 41 national team championships, 36 of which are NCAA titles, and Florida athletes have won 275 individual national championships. In addition, University of Florida students and alumni have won 126 Olympic medals, including 60 gold medals.", "Q39960": "Iron Eagle II (also titled Iron Eagle II: The Battle Beyond the Flag) is a 1988 military action film directed by Sidney J. Furie and written by Furie and Kevin Alyn Elders. It is the first sequel to the 1986 film Iron Eagle, with Louis Gossett, Jr. reprising his role as Charles \"Chappy\" Sinclair, alongside newcomers Mark Humphrey, Stuart Margolin, Maury Chaykin, Alan Scarfe, Colm Feore, and Clark Johnson. An uncredited Jason Gedrick also returns as ace pilot Doug Masters in the film's opening scene.\nThe film's story is loosely based on Operation Opera, a surprise airstrike carried out by the Israeli Air Force on a nuclear reactor near Baghdad, Iraq on June 7, 1981.\nLike its predecessor, Iron Eagle II received negative reviews. It also did not fare well at the box-office, with earnings of $10,497,324. Despite this, it was nominated for three Genie Awards (Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Best Sound Editing, and Best Overall Sound).", "Q375282": "David Seymour (born Dawid Szymin; November 20, 1911 \u2013 November 10, 1956), or Chim (pronounced shim, an abbreviation of the surname \"Szymin\"), was a Polish photographer and photojournalist.\nChim was known for his images from the Spanish Civil War, for co-founding Magnum Photos with Henri Cartier-Bresson, Robert Capa and George Rodger, and for his project \"Children of War\" with UNICEF that captured the plight of children in the aftermath of World War II.He became president of Magnum after Capa's death in 1954 and held this post until his own death in 1956 by Egyptian machinegun fire in the aftermath of the Suez crisis.\n\n", "Q577802": "Bloomington is a city in and the county seat of McLean County, Illinois, United States. It is adjacent to Normal, and is the more populous of the two principal municipalities of the Bloomington-Normal metropolitan area.\nThe 2010 Census showed the city had a population of 76,610, making it the 12th most populated city in Illinois, and the fifth-most populous city in the state outside the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Combined with Normal, the twin cities have a population of roughly 130,000. Bloomington is home to the corporate headquarters of State Farm Insurance and Country Financial.", "Q57075": "Fritz Haber (German: [\u02c8ha\u02d0b\u0250]; 9 December 1868 \u2013 29 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber\u2013Bosch process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas. This invention is of importance for the large-scale synthesis of fertilizers and explosives. The food production for half the world's current population involves this method for producing nitrogen fertilizers. Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the Born\u2013Haber cycle as a method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid.\nHaber is also considered the \"father of chemical warfare\" for his years of pioneering work developing and weaponizing chlorine and other poisonous gases during World War I, especially his actions during the Second Battle of Ypres.", "Q83542": "Resident Evil: Retribution is a 2012 action horror film written and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson. A direct sequel to Resident Evil: Afterlife (2010), it is the fifth installment in the Resident Evil film series, which is loosely based on the video game series of the same name, and the third to be written and directed by Anderson after the first film and the previous installment. The film focuses on Alice (Milla Jovovich) captured by the Umbrella Corporation, forcing her to make her escape from an underwater facility in the Extreme North, used for testing the T-virus.\nWritten and directed by Anderson, Retribution was planned to be filmed back to back with the sixth installment, but Anderson decided to focus on the fifth film. Filming took place in Toronto, Ontario from mid-October to December 23, 2011. The film has many returning actors and characters, along with new characters from the video games not featured in the previous films, including Leon S. Kennedy, Barry Burton, and Ada Wong.The film was released in 2D, 3D and IMAX 3D to a box-office success, grossing over $240 million worldwide. Film critics criticized the film for its characters, plot and acting, while praising the 3D, visual effects and fight choreography. The DVD and Blu-ray for the film was released on December 21, 2012, in the United States. A sixth film, Resident Evil: The Final Chapter, was released in 2016.", "Q173893": "John Wycliffe (; also spelled Wyclif, Wycliff, Wiclef, Wicliffe, Wickliffe; c. 1320s \u2013 31 December 1384) was an English scholastic philosopher, theologian, biblical translator, reformer, priest, and a seminary professor at the University of Oxford. He became an influential dissident within the Roman Catholic priesthood during the 14th century and is considered an important predecessor to Protestantism.\nWycliffe attacked the privileged status of the clergy, which had bolstered their powerful role in England. He then attacked the luxury and pomp of local parishes and their ceremonies.Wycliffe also advocated translation of the Bible into the vernacular. In 1382 he completed a translation directly from the Vulgate into Middle English \u2013 a version now known as Wycliffe's Bible. It is probable that he personally translated the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John; and it is possible he translated the entire New Testament, while his associates translated the Old Testament. Wycliffe's Bible appears to have been completed by 1384, additional updated versions being done by Wycliffe's assistant John Purvey and others in 1388 and 1395.\nWycliffe's followers, known as Lollards, followed his lead in advocating predestination, iconoclasm, and the notion of caesaropapism, while attacking the veneration of saints, the sacraments, requiem masses, transubstantiation, monasticism, and the very existence of the Papacy.\nIn the 16th century and beyond, the Lollard movement was sometimes regarded as the precursor to the Protestant Reformation. Wycliffe was accordingly characterised as the evening star of scholasticism and as the morning star of the English Reformation. Wycliffe's writings in Latin greatly influenced the philosophy and teaching of the Czech reformer Jan Hus (c. 1369\u20131415), whose execution in 1415 sparked a revolt and led to the Hussite Wars\nof 1419\u20131434.", "Q952789": "Malcolm Wilde Browne (April 17, 1931 \u2013 August 27, 2012) was an American journalist and photographer. His best known work was the award-winning photograph of the self-immolation of Buddhist monk Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c in 1963.\n\n", "Q165029": "An electrician is a tradesman specializing in electrical wiring of buildings, transmission lines, stationary machines, and related equipment. Electricians may be employed in the installation of new electrical components or the maintenance and repair of existing electrical infrastructure. Electricians may also specialize in wiring ships, airplanes, and other mobile platforms, as well as data and cable lines.", "Q838544": "Earache Records is an independent record label, music publisher and management company founded by Digby Pearson, based in Nottingham, England with offices in London and New York. It helped to pioneer extreme metal by releasing early grindcore and death metal records between 1988 and 1994. The label roster has since diversified into more mainstream guitar music, working with bands such as Rival Sons, The Temperance Movement, Blackberry Smoke and The White Buffalo. The company also hosted the 'Earache Express' stage at Glastonbury Festival in 2017 and 'The Earache Factory' at Boomtown Fair 2018.\nThe logo of Earache Records is a homage to Thrasher magazine, due to Digby Pearson being a skateboard culture enthusiast.", "Q176": "Quebec ( (listen); French: Qu\u00e9bec [keb\u025bk] (listen)) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario and the bodies of water James Bay and Hudson Bay; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the U.S. states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. Quebec is Canada's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division; only the territory of Nunavut is larger. It is historically and politically considered to be part of Central Canada (with Ontario).\nQuebec is the second-most populous province of Canada, after Ontario. It is the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language. Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area, including the Island of Montreal. English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais, Eastern Townships, and Gasp\u00e9 regions. The Nord-du-Qu\u00e9bec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples.The climate around the major cities is four-seasons continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers, but farther north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions. Even in central Quebec, at comparatively southerly latitudes, winters are severe in inland areas.\nQuebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province. Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995. Although neither passed, the 1995 referendum saw the highest voter turnout in Quebec history, at over 93%, and only failed by less than 1%. In 2006, the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the \"Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois as a nation within a united Canada\".While the province's substantial natural resources have long been the mainstay of its economy, sectors of the knowledge economy such as aerospace, information and communication technologies, biotechnology, and the pharmaceutical industry also play leading roles. These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada, second only to Ontario in economic output.", "Q3271": "Todd Russell Platts (born March 5, 1962) is an American attorney and Republican Party politician who serves as a Judge on the York County Court of Common Pleas and is a former U.S. Representative for Pennsylvania's 19th congressional district, serving from 2001 to 2013.\nThe district, since redrawn and renumbered, encompassed south-central Pennsylvania, including all of York and Adams Counties, and a large portion of Cumberland County. York, Hanover, Gettysburg and Carlisle were some of the prominent cities and towns included. In January 2012, Platts announced his intention to retire from Congress.", "Q4164920": "Khalid bin Abdullah (Arabic: \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u200e) (born 1950, Riyadh) is the eldest child of King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia. He is a member of the Allegiance Council.\n\n", "Q189081": "Howard Robard Hughes Jr. (December 24, 1905 \u2013 April 5, 1976) was an American business magnate, investor, record-setting pilot, engineer, film director, and philanthropist, known during his lifetime as one of the most financially successful individuals in the world. He first became prominent as a film producer, and then as an influential figure in the aviation industry. Later in life, he became known for his eccentric behavior and reclusive lifestyle \u2013 oddities that were caused in part by a worsening obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), chronic pain from a near-fatal plane crash and increasing deafness.\nAs a film tycoon, Hughes gained fame in Hollywood beginning in the late 1920s, when he produced big-budget and often controversial films such as The Racket (1928), Hell's Angels (1930), and Scarface (1932). Later he controlled the RKO film studio.\nHughes formed the Hughes Aircraft Company in 1932, hiring numerous engineers and designers. He spent the rest of the 1930s and much of the 1940s setting multiple world air speed records and building the Hughes H-1 Racer and H-4 Hercules (the Spruce Goose). He acquired and expanded Trans World Airlines and later acquired Air West, renaming it Hughes Airwest. Hughes was included in Flying Magazine's list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation, ranked at No. 25. Today, his legacy is maintained through the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Howard Hughes Corporation.", "Q452300": "Souhayr Belhassen (born 1943 Gab\u00e8s, Tunisia) is a Tunisian human rights activist and journalist. She has served as the President of the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) based in Paris since April 26, 2007. Belhassen is a vocal critic of former Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, who was ousted during the 2010\u20132011 Tunisian protests, calling the former government's crackdown on protesters \"a massacre.\"In 2011, she was awarded the North\u2013South Prize.\nOn 30 April 2011, in a cultural ceremony held in Qatar, Souhayr Belhassen, was awarded the Arab woman of the year. Souhayr Belhassen also participated in the writing of Habib Bourguiba. Biography in two volumes (co-written with Sophie Bessis) a biography of president Habib Bourguiba.", "Q1166731": "Darryl Wade Worley (born October 31, 1964) is an American country music singer and songwriter. Signed to DreamWorks Records Nashville in 1999, Worley released four albums for the label: Hard Rain Don't Last (2000), I Miss My Friend (2002), Have You Forgotten? (2003), and Darryl Worley in 2004. After the label closed in 2005, he moved to 903 Music, an independent label owned by Neal McCoy, releasing Here and Now in 2006, shortly before that label's closure. His most recent studio release is 2009's Sounds Like Life via Stroudavarious Records, owned by James Stroud.\nWorley's six albums have produced 18 singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including three number ones: \"I Miss My Friend\", \"Have You Forgotten?\", and \"Awful, Beautiful Life\", from 2002, 2003 and 2004\u20132005, respectively. \"Have You Forgotten?\" spent seven weeks at number one. Nine other singles have reached the top 40.", "Q60801": "Jules Eug\u00e8ne Louis Jouvet (24 December 1887 \u2013 16 August 1951) was a French actor, director, and theatre director.", "Q365085": "Eric II the Memorable (Danish: Erik II Emune; c.\u20091090 \u2013 18 September 1137) was king of Denmark between 1134 and 1137. Eric was an illegitimate son of Eric I of Denmark, who ruled Denmark from 1095 to 1103. Eric the Memorable rebelled against his uncle Niels of Denmark, and was declared king in 1134. He punished his adversaries severely, and rewarded his supporters handsomely. He was killed by a subject in 1137 and was promptly succeeded by his nephew Eric III of Denmark.", "Q3263936": "Loumia Hiridjee (1 March 1962 \u2013 26 November 2008) was a French businesswoman and co-founder of international lingerie brand Princesse Tam Tam. Hiridjee was born in Antananarivo, Madagascar, where she grew up in a family of wealthy Indian traders. In 1972 she joined her sister Sharma at a boarding school in France. In 1985 together they founded the Princesse Tam Tam brand (named after a 1935 film starring Josephine Baker). Hiridjee and her husband Mourad Amarsy were dining at the Oberoi Trident hotel in Mumbai, when they were shot and killed by armed attackers during the November 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks.", "Q381471": "Christopher Paul Gardner (born February 9, 1954) is an American businessman and motivational speaker. During the early 1980s, Gardner struggled with homelessness while raising a toddler son. He became a stock broker and eventually founded his own brokerage firm Gardner Rich & Co in 1987. In 2006, Gardner sold his minority stake in the firm and published a memoir. That book was made into the motion picture The Pursuit of Happyness starring Will Smith.", "Q41617": "Liu Xiaobo (Chinese: \u5218\u6653\u6ce2, 28 December 1955 \u2013 13 July 2017) was a Chinese writer, literary critic, human rights activist, philosopher and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who called for political reforms and was involved in campaigns to end communist one-party rule in China. Some referred to him as \"China's Nelson Mandela.\" He was incarcerated as a political prisoner in Jinzhou, Liaoning. On 26 June 2017, he was granted medical parole after being diagnosed with liver cancer and he died on 13 July 2017.Liu rose to fame in literary circles in 1980s with his literary critiques and he eventually became a visiting scholar at several overseas universities. He returned to China to support the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and was imprisoned for the first time from 1989 to 1991, again from 1995 to 1996 and yet again from 1996 to 1999 for his involvement on suspicion of inciting subversion of state power. He served as the President of the Independent Chinese PEN Center, from 2003 to 2007. He was also the president of Minzhu Zhongguo (Democratic China) magazine starting in the mid-1990s. On 8 December 2008, Liu was detained due to his participation with the Charter 08 manifesto. He was formally arrested on 23 June 2009 on suspicion of \"inciting subversion of state power\". He was tried on the same charges on 23 December 2009, and sentenced to eleven years' imprisonment and two years' deprivation of political rights on 25 December 2009.During his fourth prison term, Liu was awarded the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize for \"his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China.\"Liu was the first Chinese citizen to be awarded a Nobel Prize of any kind while residing in China. He was the third person to have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize while in prison or detention, after Germany's Carl von Ossietzky (1935) and Burma's Aung San Suu Kyi (1991). He was the second person to have been denied the right to have a representative collect the Nobel Prize for him as well as the second to die in custody, with the first being Ossietzky, who died in Westend hospital in Berlin-Charlottenburg after being detained in a Nazi concentration camp. Berit Reiss-Andersen, chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, blamed the Chinese communist regime for his death and said that \"Liu Xiaobo had contributed to the fraternity of peoples through his non-violent resistance against the oppressive actions of the Communist regime in China.\"\n\n", "Q260857": "David Edward Hugh Jones (20 April 1938 \u2013 19 July 2017) was a British chemist and author, under the pen name Daedalus, the fictional inventor for DREADCO. Jones' columns as Daedalus were published for 38 years, starting weekly in 1964 in New Scientist. He then moved on to the journal Nature, and continued to publish until 2002. Columns from these magazines, along with additional comments and implementation sketches, were collected in two books: The Inventions of Daedalus: A Compendium of Plausible Schemes (1982) and The Further Inventions of Daedalus (1999).\n\nHe was born on 20 April 1938, in Southwark, London. His father, Philip, was an advertising copywriter. His mother was Dorothea, n\u00e9e Sitters.\nHe attended Crofton Primary School in Orpington, Kent, and then Eltham College.\nDavid Jones' professional training was as a chemist. In 1962, he graduated in chemistry and completed a PhD in organic chemistry from Imperial College London. He worked for a year for a company specialising in the design on laboratory equipment and then as a post-doctoral fellow at Imperial where he worked on infrared spectroscopy and he began his column for New Scientist. In 1967 he took up a post as an assistant lecturer at the University of Strathclyde. After one year he moved to Runcorn where he worked as a research scientist in spectroscopy for Imperial Chemical Industries. In 1974, he became the Sir James Knott Research Fellow at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. He then became an independent science consultant to industry providing ideas, brain storming services, and scientific demonstrations for television.\nSome of his Daedalus inventions proved practical; about one-fifth of them were seriously proposed or even patented by others. His most notable scientific contribution as Daedalus was possibly his 1966 prediction of hollow carbon molecules\nbefore buckminsterfullerene was made, and long before its synthesizers won a Nobel prize for the discovery of fullerenes. \nIt is often claimed that the invention of 3D printing was in 1984 by Chuck Hull, but Jones in his Daedalus persona laid out the concept in New Scientist in 1974, 10 years earlier. He was an early proposer of a space elevator (1964) and of archaeoacoustics (1969).\nBeyond Daedalus, in scientific circles he is known for his study of bicycle stability, his determination of arsenic in Napoleon\u2019s wallpaper, and for having designed and flown on the Space Shuttle a microgravity experiment \nto grow a chemical garden.He is also known for his series of fake perpetual-motion machines, the latest of which is in the Technisches Museum, Vienna.\nIn 2009 a documentary film about his work and inventions, Perpetual Motion Machine, was made and shown at the Newcastle Science Festival 2010.He was known in Germany as a regular guest on the 1980s TV science quiz show Kopf um Kopf (Head to Head), presenting interesting physics experiments.In 1972 he married Jane Burgess but the marriage only lasted one year. He had a long relationship with the artist Naomi Hunt. His only immediate survivor is his brother, Peter Vaughan Jones, who said Jones died of complications of prostate cancer on 19 July 2017.", "Q39974": "Kristin Bauer van Straten is an American film and television actress, notable for her roles as vampire Pamela Swynford De Beaufort on the HBO television series True Blood, Jerry's girlfriend Gillian on Seinfeld, and as sorceress Maleficent in the ABC series Once Upon a Time.", "Q271782": "Betty Lynn Buckley (born July 3, 1947) is an American actress and singer. She won the 1983 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her role as Grizabella in the original Broadway production of Cats. She went on to play Norma Desmond in Sunset Boulevard (1994\u201396) in both London and New York, receiving a 1995 Olivier Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical, and was nominated for the 1997 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for Triumph of Love. Her other Broadway credits include 1776 (1969), Pippin (1973), and The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1985). She is also a two-time Daytime Emmy Award nominee, a two-time Grammy Award nominee, and a 2012 American Theater Hall of Fame inductee.Buckley starred in the TV series Eight Is Enough from 1977 to 1981 and played gym teacher Ms. Collins in the 1976 film Carrie, before going on to star in the short-lived Broadway musical version of Carrie in 1988, playing Carrie White's mother, Margaret. Her other film roles include Dixie Scott in Tender Mercies (1983), Sondra Walker in Frantic (1988), Kathy in Another Woman (1988) and Mrs. Jones in The Happening (2008). She received a Saturn Award nomination for her role as Dr. Karen Fletcher in the 2016 film Split. Her other television credits include the series Oz (2001\u201303), and the series Preacher (2018). From September 2018-August 2019 she starred as the title role in the U.S. national tour of Hello, Dolly.", "Q863226": "William Haislip Squier (, born May 12, 1950) is an American rock musician and singer, who had a string of arena rock and crossover hits in the early 1980's. His best known and most favoured songs include \"The Stroke\", \"Lonely Is the Night\", \"My Kinda Lover\", \"In the Dark\", \"Rock Me Tonite\", \"Everybody Wants You\", \"Emotions in Motion\", \"Love Is the Hero\" and \"The Big Beat\". Squier's best selling album, 1981's Don't Say No, is considered a landmark release within the arena rock genre and bridging the gap between power pop and hard rock.\nDescribed as a personification of early 80's rock music, Squier's most successful period ranges from 1981 to 1984, during which he scored five Top 10 Mainstream Rock hits (two of which were number ones), two Top 20 singles and three consecutive platinum selling albums, along with cyclic MTV rotation and radio airplay. Even after largely falling out from favour and chart success mostly because of the disastrous video for his 1984 hit \"Rock Me Tonite\", Squier has maintained his presence on the rock radio up to this day and attracted a strong cult following during the last decades, with his music being featured on many films and video games. Squier stepped out of music business after the release of his 1993 release Tell the Truth, but he has occasionally continued performing smaller tours and one-off performances.\nHis 1980 song \"The Big Beat\" is one of the most sampled drum breaks ever, being used by artists such as Run-DMC, Alicia Keys, Jay-Z, UTFO and Dizzee Rascal, to name a few. \"The Stroke\" has also shared its fair amount of sampling, most notably in Eminem's 2013 hit \"Berzerk\".", "Q131478": "Der Spiegel (German pronunciation: [de\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u02c8\u0283pi\u02d0\u0261l\u0329], lit. \"The Mirror\") is a centre-left German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg. With a weekly circulation of 840,000 copies, it is the largest such publication in Europe.It was founded in 1947 by John Seymour Chaloner, a British army officer, and Rudolf Augstein, a former Wehrmacht radio operator who was recognised in 2000 by the International Press Institute as one of the fifty World Press Freedom Heroes. Spiegel Online, the online sibling of Der Spiegel, was launched in 1994 with an independent editorial staff. Typically, the magazine has a content to advertising ratio of 2:1.\nDer Spiegel is known in German-speaking countries mostly for its investigative journalism. It has played a key role in uncovering many political scandals such as the Spiegel scandal in 1962 and the Flick affair in the 1980s. According to The Economist, Der Spiegel is one of continental Europe's most influential magazines.", "Q338396": "Rosanna DeSoto (born September 2, 1950) is an American actress who has performed in films and television. She is best known for her roles in Stand and Deliver, for which she won an Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female, and in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country as Azetbur, the daughter of Klingon Chancellor Gorkon.Her other film roles include La Bamba (1987) as Ritchie Valens' mother Connie Valenzuela; and Family Business (1989) as the wife of Vito McMullen (Dustin Hoffman).DeSoto's first television role was in the series A.E.S. Hudson Street (1978) as Nurse Rosa Santiago. She starred in the short-lived series The Redd Foxx Show (1986). She has made guest appearances on many television series, including Cannon, Kung Fu, Barnaby Jones, Barney Miller, Melrose Place, Murder, She Wrote, The Bold and the Beautiful and Law & Order.", "Q16849727": "A business consultant (from Latin consultare, \"to discuss\") is a professional who provides professional or expert advice in a particular area such as security (electronic or physical), management, accountancy, law, human resources, marketing (and public relations), finance, engineering, science or any of many other specialized fields.\nA consultant is usually an expert or a professional in a specific field and has a wide area of knowledge in a specific subject. Consultants can save their clients time, increase revenue, and maintain resources. The role of a consultant outside the medical sphere (where the term is used specifically for a grade of doctor) can fall under one of two general categories:\n\nInternal consultant \u2013 someone who operates within an organization but is available to be consulted on areas of specialism by other departments or individuals (acting as clients); or\nExternal consultant \u2013 someone who is employed externally (either by a firm or some other agency) whose expertise is provided on a temporary basis, usually for a fee. As such this type of consultant generally engages with multiple and changing clients.The overall impact of a consultant is that clients have access to deeper levels of expertise than would be feasible for them to retain in-house, and may purchase only as much service from the outside consultant as desired.", "Q89709": "Ludwig Heinrich Freiherr von Nicolay (Born Nicolay; Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0438, romanized: Andr\u00e9j L'vovi\u010d Nikol\u00e1i; 25 December 1737, Strasbourg \u2013 18 November [O.S. 6] 1820, Monrepos north of Vyborg) was a German poet of the Enlightenment. He served as President of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences between 1798 and 1803.\nNicolay was the son of a Strasbourg archivist. He graduated from the University of Strasbourg with a degree in law. Like his father, he served as a librarian to a string of rich nobles. Prince Dmitry Gallitsyn employed Nicolay as his secretary in Vienna and Paris where he came to know Voltaire, Diderot, d'Alembert and other luminaries of the Enlightenment. \nIn 1769 Nicolay was invited to the Russian Empire to be a teacher of logic for future Emperor Paul I of Russia. In 1782 (on the same day as Goethe) Nicolay was ennobled and granted the title of baron by Joseph II. When Paul became emperor, he appointed Nicolay to run the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (15 April 1798 \u2013 2 June 1803). \nNicolay's private library, collections (cameos, letters and other documents) and pictures are now in the possession of the Finnish National Library in Helsinki. This library is a very rare example of the Russian libraries from the age of Enlightenment.In 1803 Baron von Nicolay settled into retirement at his estate Monrepos north of Vyborg. This estate belonged to the Nicolay family from 1788 to 1944 (when Vyborg was annexed to the Soviet Union).", "Q169613": "Zecharia Sitchin (July 11, 1920 \u2013 October 9, 2010) was an author of books proposing an explanation for human origins involving ancient astronauts. Sitchin attributed the creation of the ancient Sumerian culture to the Anunnaki, which he stated was a race of extraterrestrials from a planet beyond Neptune called Nibiru. He asserted that Sumerian mythology suggests that this hypothetical planet of Nibiru is in an elongated, 3,600-year-long elliptical orbit around the sun. Sitchin's books have sold millions of copies worldwide and have been translated into more than 25 languages.\nSitchin's ideas have been rejected by scientists and academics, who dismiss his work as pseudoscience and pseudohistory. His work has been criticized for flawed methodology and mistranslations of ancient texts as well as for incorrect astronomical and scientific claims.", "Q111970": "Petra Bierwirth (born 13 November 1960 in Dresden) is a German politician and member of the SPD.\nShe was a member of the Bundestag from 1998 to 2009.", "Q339088": "Canned Heat is an American rock band that was formed in Los Angeles in 1965. The group has been noted for its interpretations of blues material and for its efforts to promote interest in this type of music and its original artists. It was launched by two blues enthusiasts Alan Wilson and Bob Hite, who took the name from Tommy Johnson's 1928 \"Canned Heat Blues\", a song about an alcoholic who had desperately turned to drinking Sterno, generically called \"canned heat\", from the original 1914 product name Sterno Canned Heat, After appearances at the Monterey and Woodstock festivals at the end of the 1960s, the band acquired worldwide fame with a lineup consisting of Hite (vocals), Wilson (guitar, harmonica and vocals), Henry Vestine and later Harvey Mandel (lead guitar), Larry Taylor (bass), and Adolfo de la Parra (drums).\nThe music and attitude of Canned Heat attracted a large following and established the band as one of the popular acts of the hippie era. Canned Heat appeared at most major musical events at the end of the 1960s, performing blues standards along with their own material and occasionally indulging in lengthy 'psychedelic' solos. Two of their songs \u2014 \"Going Up the Country\" and \"On the Road Again\" \u2014 became international hits. \"Going Up the Country\" was a remake of the Henry Thomas song \"Bull Doze Blues\", recorded in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1927. \"On the Road Again\" was a remake of the 1953 Floyd Jones song of the same name, which is reportedly based on the Tommy Johnson song \"Big Road Blues\", recorded in 1928.\nSince the early 1970s, numerous personnel changes have occurred. For much of the 1990s and 2000s and following Larry Taylor's death in 2019, de la Parra has been the only member from the band's 1960s lineup. He wrote a book about the band's career, titled Living the Blues. Mandel, Walter Trout and Junior Watson are among the guitarists who gained fame for playing in later editions of the band.", "Q1122173": "Count Nikolai Nikitich Demidov (9 October / November 1773, Chirkovitsy, Saint Petersburg Governorate \u2013 22 April 1828, Florence) was a Russian industrialist, collector and arts patron of the Demidov family.", "Q1036674": "Carl Abraham Pihl (16 January 1825 \u2013 14 September 1897) was a Norwegian civil engineer and director of the Norwegian State Railways (NSB) from 1865 until his death. Pihl was one of the main architects of the use of narrow-gauge railways in Norway.", "Q43766": "Robert Heinrich Palfrader (born November 11, 1968 in Vienna) is an Austrian actor, comedian and author.", "Q7771": "Louis Philippe I (6 October 1773 \u2013 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848. As Duke of Chartres he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary Wars but broke with the Republic over its decision to execute King Louis XVI. He fled to Switzerland in 1793 after being connected with a plot to restore France's monarchy. His father Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans (Philippe \u00c9galit\u00e9) fell under suspicion and was executed, and Louis Philippe remained in exile for 21 years until the Bourbon Restoration. He was proclaimed king in 1830 after his cousin Charles X was forced to abdicate by the July Revolution. The reign of Louis Philippe is known as the July Monarchy and was dominated by wealthy industrialists and bankers. He followed conservative policies, especially under the influence of French statesman Fran\u00e7ois Guizot during the period 1840\u201348. He also promoted friendship with Britain and sponsored colonial expansion, notably the French conquest of Algeria. His popularity faded as economic conditions in France deteriorated in 1847, and he was forced to abdicate after the outbreak of the French Revolution of 1848. He lived out his life in exile in the United Kingdom. His supporters were known as Orl\u00e9anists, as opposed to Legitimists who supported the main line of the House of Bourbon.", "Q678551": "American Jews, or Jewish Americans, are Americans who are Jews, whether by religion, ethnicity, culture, or nationality. Today the Jewish community in the United States consists primarily of Ashkenazi Jews, who descend from diaspora Jewish populations of Central and Eastern Europe and comprise about 90\u201395% of the American Jewish population. Most American Ashkenazim are US-born, with a dwindling number of now-elderly earlier immigrants, as well as some more recent foreign-born immigrants.\nDuring the colonial era, prior to the mass immigration of Ashkenazim, Spanish and Portuguese Jews represented the bulk of America's then-small Jewish population, and while their descendants are a minority today, they, along with an array of other Jewish communities, represented the remainder of American Jews, including other more recent Sephardic Jews, Mizrahi Jews, various other ethnically Jewish communities, as well as a smaller number of converts to Judaism. The American Jewish community manifests a wide range of Jewish cultural traditions, encompassing the full spectrum of Jewish religious observance.\nDepending on religious definitions and varying population data, the United States has the largest or second largest Jewish community in the world, after Israel. In 2012, the American Jewish population was estimated at between 5.5 million and eight million, depending on the definition of the term, which constitutes between 1.7% and 2.6% of the total U.S. population.", "Q1355431": "Michael Samuel Kiwanuka (born 3 May 1987) is a British singer-songwriter and record producer who is signed with Polydor Records. His 2012 debut album Home Again went gold in the United Kingdom and his second album, Love & Hate, debuted in 2016 at number one. He has been nominated for numerous honours, including the Brit Awards, MTV Europe Music Awards, Mercury Prize, BBC Music Awards. In January 2012, he won the BBC's Sound of 2012.", "Q586623": "Habib Bourguiba Jr. (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646\u200e, romanized: al-\u1e24ab\u012bb B\u016brq\u012bbah al-Ibn; 9 April 1927 \u2013 28 December 2009) was a Tunisian diplomat and politician.", "Q8442": "Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (born von Bismarck-Sch\u00f6nhausen; German: Otto Eduard Leopold F\u00fcrst von Bismarck, Herzog zu Lauenburg; 1 April 1815 \u2013 30 July 1898), known as Otto von Bismarck (German: [\u02c8\u0254to f\u0254n \u02c8b\u026asma\u0281k] (listen)), was a conservative German statesman who masterminded the unification of Germany in 1871 and served as its first chancellor until 1890, in which capacity he dominated European affairs for two decades. He had previously been Minister President of Prussia (1862\u20131890) and Chancellor of the North German Confederation (1867\u20131871). He provoked three short, decisive wars against Denmark, Austria, and France. Following the victory against Austria, he abolished the supranational German Confederation and instead formed the North German Confederation as the first German national state, aligning the smaller North German states behind Prussia. Receiving the support of the independent South German states in the Confederation's defeat of France, he formed the German Empire (which excluded Austria) and united Germany.\nWith Prussian dominance accomplished by 1871, Bismarck skillfully used balance of power diplomacy to maintain Germany's position in a peaceful Europe. To historian Eric Hobsbawm, Bismarck \"remained undisputed world champion at the game of multilateral diplomatic chess for almost twenty years after 1871, [and] devoted himself exclusively, and successfully, to maintaining peace between the powers\". However, his annexation of Alsace-Lorraine (Elsa\u00df-Lothringen) gave new fuel to French nationalism and Germanophobia. This helped set the stage for the First World War. Bismarck's diplomacy of Realpolitik and powerful rule at home gained him the nickname the \"Iron Chancellor\". German unification and its rapid economic growth was the foundation to his foreign policy. He disliked colonialism but reluctantly built an overseas empire when it was demanded by both elite and mass opinion. Juggling a very complex interlocking series of conferences, negotiations and alliances, he used his diplomatic skills to maintain Germany's position.\nA master of complex politics at home, Bismarck created the first welfare state in the modern world, with the goal of gaining working class support that might otherwise go to his Socialist enemies. In the 1870s, he allied himself with the low-tariff, anti-Catholic Liberals and fought the Catholic Church in what was called the Kulturkampf (\"culture struggle\"). He lost that battle as the Catholics responded by forming the powerful German Centre Party and using universal male suffrage to gain a bloc of seats. Bismarck then reversed himself, ended the Kulturkampf, broke with the Liberals, imposed protective tariffs, and formed a political alliance with the Centre Party to fight the Socialists. A devout Lutheran, he was loyal to his king, Wilhelm I, who argued with Bismarck but in the end supported him against the advice of his wife and his heir. While Germany's parliament was elected by universal male suffrage, it did not have much control of government policy. Bismarck distrusted democracy and ruled through a strong, well-trained bureaucracy with power in the hands of a traditional Junker elite that consisted of the landed nobility in eastern Prussia. He largely controlled domestic and foreign affairs, until he was removed by the young new headstrong Kaiser Wilhelm II. He retired to write his memoirs.\nA Junker himself, Bismarck was strong-willed, outspoken and overbearing, but he could also be polite, charming and witty. Occasionally he displayed a violent temper, and he kept his power by melodramatically threatening resignation time and again, which cowed Wilhelm I. He possessed not only a long-term national and international vision but also the short-term ability to juggle complex developments. Bismarck became a hero to German nationalists; they built many monuments honoring the founder of the new Reich. Many historians praise him as a visionary who was instrumental in uniting Germany and, once that had been accomplished, kept the peace in Europe through adroit diplomacy.", "Q348117": "Adalet A\u011fao\u011flu (n\u00e9e S\u00fcmer in 23 October 1929) is a Turkish novelist and playwright. She is considered one of the foremost novelists of 20th-century Turkish literature. She has also written essays, memoirs, and short stories.", "Q62970": "Gerald G\u00f6tting (9 June 1923 \u2013 19 May 2015) was a German politician and chairman of the East German Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 1966 until 1989. He served as President of the People's Chamber (Volkskammer) from 1969 to 1976 and deputy chairman of the State Council of East Germany from 1960 to 1989.", "Q88371": "Leopold Feldmann (22 May 1802, in Munich, Bavaria \u2013 26 March 1882, in Vienna) was a German-Austrian dramatist.", "Q24925": "Science fiction (sometimes called sci-fi or just SF) is a genre of speculative fiction that typically deals with imaginative and futuristic concepts such as advanced science and technology, space exploration, time travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life. It has been called the \"literature of ideas\", and often explores the potential consequences of scientific, social, and technological innovations.Science fiction, whose roots go back to ancient times, is related to fantasy, horror, and superhero fiction, and contains many subgenres. However its exact definition has long been disputed among authors, critics, and scholars.\nScience fiction literature, film, television, and other media have become popular and influential over much of the world. Besides providing entertainment, it can also criticize present-day society, and is often said to inspire a \"sense of wonder\".", "Q3869363": "NASA Astronaut Group 16 (\"The Sardines\") was a group of 44 astronauts announced by NASA on May 1, 1996. The class was nicknamed \"The Sardines\" for being such a large class, humorously implying that their training sessions would be as tightly packed as sardines in a can. These 44 candidates compose the largest astronaut class to date. NASA selected so many candidates in preparation for the anticipated need for ISS crew members, along with regular shuttle needs.", "Q170424": "The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 193 Member States and Territories. The President of the World Meteorological Congress, its supreme body, is Gerhard Adrian as a successor of David Grimes. The organization is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.It followed on from the International Meteorological Organization, founded in 1873, a non-governmental organization. Reforms of status and structure were proposed from the 1930s, culminating in the World Meteorological Convention signed on 11 October 1947 which came into force on 23 March 1950. It formally became the World Meteorological Organization on 17 March 1951, and was designated as a specialized agency of the United Nations.", "Q119492": "Rudolf Goldschmidt (March 19, 1876, Neubukow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin \u2013 October 30, 1950, London) was a German engineer and inventor.\nGoldschmidt was born in Neubukow and earned an electrical engineering degree in 1898 from Technische Hochschule Darmstadt. He received his doctorate in 1906 with a dissertation in communications engineering. After that he worked as a Privatdozent (lecturer) for some time. He spent the following decade working in England with major firms such as Westinghouse. Subsequently he returned to Germany and eventually became a professor at TH Darmstadt in 1911. In 1905 Goldschmidt and the journalist Hella Gimpel (1883\u20131933), sister of the painter Bruno Gimpel, married and had subsequently three sons and a daughter.In 1908 he developed a rotating radio-frequency machine, the Goldschmidt alternator, which was used as an early radio transmitter. This was manufactured by German firm Hochfrequenz-Maschinen Aktiengesellschaft f\u00fcr Drahtlose Telegraphie, and used in high power longwave radio stations to transmit intercontinental radiotelegraph traffic. Large 100 kilowatt Goldschmidt transmitters in Eilvese, Germany and Tuckerton, New Jersey, USA were used in the first direct communications link between Germany and the United States, which was inaugurated on June 19, 1914 with a ceremonial exchange of telegrams between Kaiser Wilhelm II and President Woodrow Wilson. Alternator radio transmitters were used into the 1920s, when they were replaced by vacuum tube transmitters. As one of the first continuous wave transmitters, the Goldschmidt alternator was able to transmit audio (sound) as well as telegraphy signals, and was used for some early experimental AM radio transmissions.\n\nHe also invented a mechanical device, the Goldschmidt tone wheel, used in early radio receivers to receive the new continuous wave radiotelegraph signals. The first radio transmitter, the spark-gap transmitter, produced a string of damped waves that sounded like a buzz or tone in a radio receiver, so the pulses of radio waves used to transmit Morse code were audible as \"beeps\" in the receiver. However, the new transmitters like the Goldschmidt alternator generated unmodulated continuous waves, which were inaudible in receivers. To make them audible, the tone wheel receiver used the heterodyne principle to convert the radio frequency to an audio frequency. The tone wheel was a disk with contacts around the rim, spun by a small electric motor, which interrupted the incoming radio signal at a radio frequency rate. The tone wheel acted as a crude beat frequency oscillator (BFO), introducing a second radio frequency which combined with the received signal to create a \"beat\" (heterodyne) frequency at the difference of the two frequencies, in the audio range. For example, if the frequency of the received signal was 60,000 Hz, the tone wheel could be adjusted to introduce a frequency of 59,000 Hz, creating a 1,000 Hz tone which could be heard in the earphones as a musical \"beep\" whenever the carrier was present. \nThe tone wheel was used for a short period until the 1920s when it was replaced by the vacuum tube regenerative receiver. Later the tone wheel was used as a musical tone generating device in early electronic organs.\nDuring the 1920s, Goldschmidt directed an industrial research lab in Berlin. Here he met Albert Einstein. In 1928, a singer with whom the physicist was acquainted suffered a hearing loss, which misfortune set Einstein to thinking about hearing aids. Soon he had an idea and asked Goldschmidt to help him develop a working model. In due course a patent was issued to Goldschmidt and Einstein on January 10, 1934.\nIn 1934, Goldschmidt and his children emigrated to England. He kept up his correspondence with Einstein until his death in Bournemouth in 1950.", "Q450271": "Francesc Pi i Margall (Spanish: Francisco Pi y Margall) (29 April 1824 \u2013 29 November 1901) was a Spanish federalist and libertarian socialist statesman, historian, and political philosopher and romanticist writer. He was briefly president of the short-lived First Spanish Republic in 1873.", "Q401758": "Ahmet H\u00fcsrev Altan (born 2 March 1950) is a Turkish journalist and author. A working journalist for more than twenty years, he has served in all stages of the profession, from being a night shift reporter to editor in chief in various newspapers.", "Q4714722": "Alejo Peralta y D\u00edaz Cevallos founded the Mexico City Tigers baseball team (now known as the Tigres de Quintana Roo) in 1955. He was a well-known businessman at the time.", "Q1300": "Germ\u00e1n Riesco Err\u00e1zuriz (American Spanish: [xe\u027e\u02c8m\u00e3n \u02c8rjesko]; May 28, 1854 \u2013 December 8, 1916) was a Chilean political figure, and he served as President of Chile between 1901 and 1906.", "Q214668": "Professor Cornelius Schnauber (April 18, 1939 \u2013 February 21, 2014) was a German-born scholar, historian, playwright, biographer and educator. At the time of his death, he was Emeritus Associate Professor of German at the University of Southern California (USC).Schnauber was born near Dresden, Germany. He received his doctorate at the University of Hamburg in 1968 having studied German literature, phonetics, and political science. He was also an instructor in the Phonetics Institute of the University from 1963 to 1968. On a 2004 PBS \"Life and Times\" TV show, Schnauber says that his father \"was an early \nmember of the Nazi party ... He was not ambitious as though he didn't \nwant to become one of the leaders, but when the Nazis took over, \nhe had a good job first in the Nazi unions and then later on \nduring the war in the Nazi Red Cross.\" When Schnauber's grandparents brought up the question of where the Jews were sent, his father said they were deported to another country.After his education in Germany, Schnauber met his wife, Judith Docter, an American from Stanford, and they moved to Los Angeles. They have a son and daughter: composer and music professor Tom Schnauber, and concert singer and performing artist Christina Linhardt. In Los Angeles, Schnauber became an Assistant Professor of German at USC (1968-1972) and from 1972, Associate Professor of German. He was Chairman of the Department of German at USC from 1975 to 1984. In September 1984, he founded the Max Kade Institute for Austrian-German-Swiss Studies at USC and served as its founding director. He has been described by the Jewish Journal as \"a leader in fostering German-Jewish relations\".\nProfessor Schnauber was the co-founder of the German-Jewish dialogue with Morris Kagan, which, for more than two decades, brought together post-WWII generation Germans and Jews for reconciliation and healing.\nFrom 1992 on he served as the German diction coach of the Los Angeles Opera, helping to give performers a better understanding of the relationship between text and music in German operas.As an author, Schnauber's output ranged over a wide variety of subjects -- from an analysis of Hitler's Germany, Wie Hitler sprach und schrieb, Zur Psychologie der faschistischen Rhetorik (How Hitler Spoke and Wrote. The Psychology of Fascist Rhetoric), to philosophy, Pragmatischer Humanismus, Thesen Analysen Konsequenzen (Pragmatic Humanism, Theses, Analyses, Consequences), to literary criticism, Deine Tr\u00e4ume - Mein Gedicht. Eugen Gomringer und die konkrete Poesie (Your Dreams -- My Poem: Eugen Gomringer and the Concrete Poetry), to studies of European artists in Hollywood, Spazierg\u00e4nge durch das Hollywood der Emigranten (Hollywood Haven, Home and Haunts of the European Emigres and Exiles in Los Angeles). He also contributed biographies of Fritz Lang, who was a close friend, and Pl\u00e1cido Domingo.Dr. Schnauber wrote a number of plays including one about Richard Wagner's last days and his relations with his wife Cosima and fellow composer Felix Mendelssohn. Another production, Irma and Emma, exploring the shifting memories of two old women in a nursing home, made its debut in 2006.Professor Schnauber was honored many times in his career including the Distinction of Honor in Gold for Services to the Republic of Austria (1979), The Federal Republic of Germany Friendship Award (1983), The Cross of the Order of Merit for the Federal Republic of Germany (1986), and Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany awarded by the President of Germany in 2002. A further honor was the 2003 \"Resolution Cornelius Schnauber\" from the Los Angeles City Council for \"his contributions to the understanding of the cultural heritage of the City of Los Angeles and the longstanding history of friendship between Berlin and Los Angeles\".\nThese accolades rank him as one of Germany's most decorated citizens in the United States.\n\nHis autobiography, Von Dresden bis Hollywood. Erinnerungen, Reflexionen und Begegnungen aus zwei Welten erz\u00e4hlt einer Freundin in 7 Vigilien (ISBN 3000302395)\nwas published by Progress Media and released March 2010.", "Q706931": "Alan John Percivale Taylor (25 March 1906 \u2013 7 September 1990) was a British historian who specialised in 19th- and 20th-century European diplomacy. Both a journalist and a broadcaster, he became well known to millions through his television lectures. His combination of academic rigour and popular appeal led the historian Richard Overy to describe him as \"the Macaulay of our age\".\n\n", "Q67808": "Martin Ebbertz (born 1962 in Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, West Germany) is a German writer of children's books.\nHe grew up in Pruem (Eifel), and studied Germanistik, Philosophy, and History in Freiburg, M\u00fcnster and Frankfurt. He lived and worked as a free-lance writer first in Frankfurt/Main, then five years in Thessaloniki, Greece. Since Spring 2000 Martin Ebbertz has lived with his wife and two children in Boppard on the Rhine River. In addition to being a writer, he is also a flea market dealer and a second-hand bookseller.\nHis first children's book Josef, der zu den Indianern will appeared in 1992. His best known book is Der kleine Herr Jaromir, which was also translated into Dutch and Chinese. Many of his children's stories were also published in the German literary radio program broadcast Ohrenb\u00e4r.", "Q2609": "Societ\u00e0 Sportiva Lazio (BIT: SSL; Lazio Sport Club), commonly referred to as Lazio (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8lattsjo]), is an Italian professional sports club based in Rome, most known for its football activity. The society, founded in 1900, plays in the Serie A and have spent most of their history in the top tier of Italian football. Lazio have been Italian champions twice (1974, 2000), and have won the Coppa Italia seven times, the Supercoppa Italiana five times, and both the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and UEFA Super Cup on one occasion.The club had their first major success in 1958, winning the domestic cup. In 1974, they won their first Serie A title. The 1990s have been the most successful period in Lazio's history, seeing them win the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and UEFA Super Cup in 1999, the Serie A title in 2000, and reaching their first UEFA Cup final in 1998. Due to a severe economic crisis in 2002 that forced president Sergio Cragnotti out of the club along with several star players being sold, Lazio's success in the league declined. In spite of the lower funds, the club has won four Coppa Italia titles since then; in 2004, 2009, 2013 and 2019. Current president Claudio Lotito took charge of the club in 2004 after two years of a vacuum after Cragnotti's departure.\nLazio's traditional kit colours are sky blue shirts and white shorts with white socks; the colours are reminiscent of Rome's ancient Hellenic legacy. Sky blue socks have also been interchangeably used as home colours. Their home is the 70,634 capacity Stadio Olimpico in Rome, which they share with A.S. Roma. Lazio have a long-standing rivalry with Roma, with whom they have contested the Derby della Capitale (in English \"Derby of the capital city\" or Rome derby) since 1929.Despite initially not having any parent\u2013subsidiary relation with the male and female professional team (that was incorporated as S.S. Lazio S.p.A.), the founding of Societ\u00e0 Sportiva Lazio allowed for the club that participates in over 40 sports disciplines in total, more than any other sports association in the world.", "Q78928": "Karlheinz B\u00f6hm (16 March 1928 \u2013 29 May 2014), sometimes referred to as Carl Boehm or Karl Boehm, was an Austrian-German actor and philanthropist. He took part in 45 films and became well known in Austria and Germany for his role as Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria in the Sissi trilogy and internationally for his role as Mark, the psychopathic protagonist of Peeping Tom, directed by Michael Powell. He was the founder of the trust Menschen f\u00fcr Menschen (\u201cHumans for Humans\u201d), which helps people in need in Ethiopia. He also received honorary Ethiopian citizenship in 2003.", "Q386478": "Manuel M\u00e1rquez Sterling (born Carlos Manuel Agustin M\u00e1rquez Sterling y Loret de Mola on August 28, 1872 in Lima, Peru \u2013 December 9, 1934, Washington, DC, United States) was a Cuban diplomat and interim President of Cuba for a few hours on January 18, 1934.\nHe was an attorney, was Ambassador of Cuba to Mexico and later to the United States. He was married to his cousin, Mercedes M\u00e1rquez Sterling y Ziburo. He was the uncle of Carlos M\u00e1rquez Sterling, a figure in Cuban politics.\nHe tied for 16-17th in the Paris 1900 chess tournament (Emanuel Lasker won) played during the world exhibition.", "Q93037": "Jay David Bolter (born August 17, 1951) is the Wesley Chair of New Media and a professor in the School of Literature, Media, and Communication at the Georgia Institute of Technology. His areas of study include the evolution of media, the use of technology in education, and the role of computers in the writing process. More recently, he has conducted research in the area of augmented reality and mixed media. Bolter collaborates with researchers in the Augmented Environments Lab, co-directed with Blair MacIntyre, to create apps for entertainment, cultural heritage and education for smart phones and tablets. This supports his theory regarding remediation where he discusses \"all media functions as remediators and that remediation offers us a means of interpreting the work of earlier media as well\" (Bolter & Grusin, 2000, p. 55).", "Q269873": "Louise Bourgoin (born Ariane Louise Bourgoin; 28 November 1981) is a French actress, model and television presenter.", "Q69825": "Julius Freiherr von Soden (5 February 1846 \u2013 2 February 1921) was a German colonial administrator and politician. He was the Governor of the colonies of Kamerun and German East Africa, and later became Chef de Cabinet and Foreign Minister of the King of W\u00fcrttemberg.", "Q57713": "Winifred Marjorie Wagner (n\u00e9e Williams; 23 June 1897 \u2013 5 March 1980) was the English-born wife of Siegfried Wagner, the son of Richard Wagner, and ran the Bayreuth Festival after her husband's death in 1930 until the end of World War II in 1945. She was a friend and supporter of Adolf Hitler (himself a Wagner enthusiast), and she and Hitler maintained a regular correspondence.", "Q247556": "The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry. Founded in 1876 at New York University, the ACS currently has nearly 157,000 members at all degree levels and in all fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, and related fields. It is the world's largest scientific society by membership. The ACS is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization and holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code. Its headquarters are located in Washington, D.C., and it has a large concentration of staff in Columbus, Ohio.\nThe ACS is a leading source of scientific information through its peer-reviewed scientific journals, national conferences, and the Chemical Abstracts Service. Its publications division produces over 60 scholarly journals including the prestigious Journal of the American Chemical Society, as well as the weekly trade magazine Chemical & Engineering News. The ACS holds national meetings twice a year covering the complete field of chemistry and also holds smaller conferences concentrating on specific chemical fields or geographic regions. The primary source of income of the ACS is the Chemical Abstracts Service, a provider of chemical databases worldwide.\nThe organization also publishes textbooks, administers several national chemistry awards, provides grants for scientific research, and supports various educational and outreach activities.\n\n", "Q202022": "Paul Steven Bostaph (born March 4, 1964) is a heavy metal drummer, best known as a member of the thrash metal band Slayer, initially from 1992 to 2001 and again from 2013 to 2019. His drumming career began in 1984, when he was 20 years old, and other than Slayer, he has worked with other bands such as Forbidden, Exodus, Systematic, Testament, and BlackGates. Metal-Rules.com describes Bostaph as \"a true professional and one of the best drummers on today's metal music scene.\"", "Q97279": "Karl Alber (born 17 September 1948) is a former German footballer.\nAlber made 32 appearances in the 2. Bundesliga for Eintracht Bad Kreuznach during his playing career. He later became the mayor of Erlenbach, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, serving from 1986 until his retirement from politics in 2010.", "Q862676": "Tan Sri Zainuddin bin Maidin (Jawi: \n\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646; \u200e26 June 1939 \u2013 14 December 2018) was a Malaysian politician and the former Information Minister in the Malaysian cabinet representing United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition government. He was the Member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the Merbok constituency for 1 term from 24 March 2004 to 8 March 2008. In 2018, he quits UMNO and be part of Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition government. He is also the former Chief Editor of Utusan Melayu-turned-fierce critic, the oldest Malay language newspaper in Malaysia.", "Q117497": "Ernst Heinrich \"Teddy\" Stauffer (May 2, 1909 \u2013 August 27, 1991) was a Swiss bandleader, musician, actor, nightclub owner, and restaurateur. He was dubbed Germany's \"swing-king\" of the 1930s. He formed the band known as the Teddies (also known as the Original Teddies or the International Teddies), which continued after he left in 1941.\n\n", "Q88359": "G\u00fcnther Kleiber (16 September 1931, Eula \u2013 29 March 2013, Berlin) was a former communist politician from the German Democratic Republic (GDR). He was a member of the politburo of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) from 1984 to 1989, and a member of the GDR government as minister for machinery, agricultural machinery and vehicle construction from 1973 to 1986. He was also a member of the SED central committee and the People's Chamber since 1967. He was Vice Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1971 to 1989. From 1986 to 1989, he was the representative of the GDR to COMECON.Kleiber resigned all his offices on 8 November 1989, the day before the fall of the Berlin Wall. He was expelled from the party on 3 December. An investigation for abuse of power and corruption was suspended in May 1990. After his release from custody, he was unemployed.\nIn 1997, Kleiber was convicted for his role in ordering border guards to shoot East Germans who were attempting to flee to the West, and sentenced to three years in prison. The verdict was upheld by the Federal Supreme Court in November 1999, and Kleiber reported to a prison in Berlin to begin serving his sentence on 18 January 2000. After a request for clemency, where he expressed his regret for his actions as a member of the communist regime and condemned the GDR, he was, along with G\u00fcnter Schabowski, pardoned by Governing Mayor Eberhard Diepgen (CDU) and released from prison on 6 September the same year.", "Q109871": "Anthrax is an American heavy metal band from New York City, formed in 1981 by rhythm guitarist Scott Ian and bassist Dan Lilker. The group is considered one of the leaders of the thrash metal scene from the 1980s and is one of the \"Big Four\" thrash metal bands with Metallica, Megadeth, and Slayer; Anthrax is the only one of the four from the East Coast, and often credited as one of the early thrash metal bands to emerge from there, along with Overkill and Nuclear Assault. The band has released 11 studio albums, several other albums, and 26 singles, including collaborating on a single with American hip hop group Public Enemy. According to Nielsen SoundScan, Anthrax sold 2.5 million records in the United States from 1991 to 2004, with worldwide sales of 10 million.\nNoted for its live performances, Anthrax signed with the independent label Megaforce Records, which released the band's debut studio album Fistful of Metal in 1984. Lilker soon left the band to form Nuclear Assault, and was replaced by roadie Frank Bello. Lead vocalist Neil Turbin was replaced after two years by Matt Fallon, who was then subsequently replaced in 1984 by Joey Belladonna. With a new lineup, Anthrax recorded Spreading the Disease (distributed by Island Records) in 1985. Their third album, Among the Living, was released in 1987 to critical praise and eventually received gold certification by the RIAA. The band continued this success in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with the albums State of Euphoria (1988), Persistence of Time (1990) and the compilation Attack of the Killer B's (1991) entering the Top 30 on the Billboard 200 and selling over half a million units. Their next lineup change took place in 1992, when John Bush from Armored Saint replaced Belladonna as lead vocalist. Sound of White Noise was released the following year, and entered the Billboard 200 at number seven, which remains Anthrax's highest chart position. Studio recordings during the 1990s saw the band, influenced by other genres, experimenting with its sound.\nAnthrax's lineup has changed several times over their career. The band has had a number of vocalists including Neil Turbin, Joey Belladonna, Dan Nelson and John Bush. Founding member Scott Ian and early arrival Charlie Benante, who joined Anthrax in 1983, are the only band members to appear on every album. Bassist Frank Bello has played on every album, except for the band's debut Fistful of Metal, which featured Dan Lilker. After briefly rejoining the band from 2005 to 2007, Belladonna returned to Anthrax once again in 2010, and the band has since recorded two more studio albums with him: Worship Music (2011) and For All Kings (2016).", "Q647789": "Terrence \"Terry\" Ronnie Keaton known by the stage name T La Rock, (born 1961) is an American old-school emcee best known for his collaboration with Def Jam Recordings co-founder Rick Rubin and the 1984 single \"It's Yours.\"", "Q1328": "Manuel Francisco Antonio Juli\u00e1n Montt Torres (American Spanish: [ma\u02c8nwel mond\u02d0]; September 4, 1809 \u2013 September 21, 1880) was a Chilean statesman and scholar. He was twice elected President of Chile between 1851 and 1861.", "Q346112": "Juan Mari Br\u00e1s (December 2, 1927 \u2013 September 10, 2010) was an advocate for Puerto Rican independence from the United States who founded the Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PSP). On October 25, 2006, he became the first person to receive a Puerto Rican citizenship certificate from the Puerto Rico State Department. His son, Mari Pesquere was assassinated in 1976. In 2009, documents revealed the FBI had known of a plot to assassinate Mari Br\u00e1s but had not shared the information with him.", "Q505264": "Ezel Akay (born 20 January 1961) is a Turkish film actor, film director and film producer.\n\n", "Q116789": "Boris Dmitrievitch Parygin (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0433\u0438\u043d) (19 June 1930 \u2013 9 April 2012) was a Soviet and Russian philosopher, sociologist and one of the founders of social psychology and member of a wide range of international academies. Parygin was a specialist in a sphere of philosophical and psychological problems of social psychology \u2013 its history, methodology, theory and praxeology.", "Q91608": "Rudolf Ernst Paul Sch\u00fcndler (17 April 1906, in Leipzig \u2013 12 December 1988, in Munich) was a German actor and director. He played \"Karl\" in The Exorcist (1973).\nAfter finishing the film The Nasty Girl, Rudolf died of a heart attack in Germany, he was 82 years old. The film was released in 1990; 2 years after his death.\n\n", "Q7981": "Llu\u00eds Companys i Jover (Catalan pronunciation: [\u028eu\u02c8is kum\u02c8pa\u0272s]; June 21, 1882 \u2013 October 15, 1940) was a Catalan politician who served as president of Catalonia (Spain) from 1934 and during the Spanish Civil War.\nCompanys was a lawyer close to labour movement and one of the most prominent leaders of the Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) political party, founded in 1931. He had a key role in the events of the proclamation and first steps of the Second Spanish Republic. Appointed president of the Generalitat of Catalonia in 1934, after the death of the previous president, Francesc Maci\u00e0, his government tried to consolidate the recently acquired Catalan self-government and implement a progressive agenda, despite the internal difficulties. In disagreement with the accession of the right-wing party CEDA to the Spanish government in October 1934, he proclaimed a new Catalan State, for which he was imprisoned between 1934 and 1936. \nHe was still in charge of the Catalan Government during the Spanish Civil War, remaining loyal to the Republic. Exiled in France after the war, he was captured and handed over by the Nazi secret police, the Gestapo, to the Spanish State of Francisco Franco, who had him executed by firing squad in 1940.", "Q742183": "Edgar Collins Bain (September 14, 1891 \u2013 November 27, 1971) was an American metallurgist and member of the National Academy of Sciences, who worked for the US Steel Corporation of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He worked on the alloying and heat treatment of steel; Bainite is named in his honor.\nHe was born near LaRue, Ohio to Milton Henry (of Scottish descent) and Alice Anne Collins Bain. He graduated with a B.S. from Ohio State University in 1912. He received his M.S. in 1916 and his Ph.D. in 1919 both from Ohio State. His written works include Functions of the Alloying Elements in Steel, published by ASM International. He died on November 27, 1971 in Edgeworth, Pennsylvania.", "Q214640": "Brzeg ([b\u0290\u025bk] (listen); Latin: Alta Ripa, former German name: Brieg) is a town in southwestern Poland with 35,890 inhabitants (2017) and the capital of Brzeg County. It is situated in Silesia in the Opole Voivodeship on the left bank of the Oder.\nThe town of Brzeg was first mentioned as a trading and fishing settlement in the year 1234. In 1248, Silesian Duke Henry III the White granted the settlement German town rights and by the late 13th century the city became fortified. Sometimes referred to as \u201cthe garden town\u201d, the town's size greatly expanded after the construction of dwelling houses which were located on the city outskirts.\nFrom the early 14th to late 17th centuries, the town was ruled by the Piast dynasty, the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. It then came under the control of the Bohemian Crown within the Holy Roman Empire and became part of Germany.\nAfter Germany's defeat in World War II, the town became part of Poland.", "Q356301": "Jean-Baptiste Maunier (born December 22, 1990) is a French actor and singer. He is most well known for his role in the 2004 French film Les Choristes.", "Q99254": "Oliver Broumis is a German actor. He was born in Hannover, Germany on 31 July 1964, where he grew up.", "Q205995": "The Caribbean Community (CARICOM or CC) is an organisation of fifteen nations and dependencies throughout the Americas having primary objectives to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members, to ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared, and to coordinate foreign policy. The organisation was established in 1973. Its major activities involve coordinating economic policies and development planning; devising and instituting special projects for the less-developed countries within its jurisdiction; operating as a regional single market for many of its members (Caricom Single Market); and handling regional trade disputes. The secretariat headquarters is in Georgetown, Guyana. CARICOM is an official United Nations Observer.CARICOM was established by the English-speaking parts of the Caribbean, and currently includes all the independent anglophone island countries plus Belize, Guyana and Montserrat, as well as all other British Caribbean territories and Bermuda as associate members. English was its sole working language into the 1990s. The organization has become multilingual with the addition of Dutch-speaking Suriname in 1995 and Haitian Creole- and French-speaking Haiti in 2002. Furthermore, it has been suggested that Spanish could also become a working language. In July 2012, CARICOM announced that they were considering making French and Dutch official languages. In 2001, the heads of government signed a revised Treaty of Chaguaramas that cleared the way to transform the idea of a common market CARICOM into a Caribbean (CARICOM) Single Market and Economy. Part of the revised treaty establishes and implements the Caribbean Court of Justice.", "Q1386899": "Guy Charles Clark (November 6, 1941 \u2013 May 17, 2016) was an American folk singer, musician, songwriter, recording artist, performer and luthier. He released more than twenty albums, and his songs have been recorded by other artists including Jerry Jeff Walker, Jimmy Buffett, Kathy Mattea, Lyle Lovett, Ricky Skaggs, Steve Wariner, Rodney Crowell, Steve Earle, Johnny Cash and Willie Nelson. He won the 2014 Grammy Award for Best Folk Album: My Favorite Picture of You.", "Q245369": "Zygmunt Mi\u0142kowski, pseudonym Teodor Tomasz Je\u017c (March 23, 1824 Podolia Governorate, Russian Empire \u2014 January 11, 1915 Lausanne, Switzerland) was Polish romantic writer and politician who struggled for independence of Poland as leader of Polish Union (Polish: Liga Polska). He became a member of the Serbian Learned Society in 1869, the society which preceded the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.", "Q656684": "Carlos Sherman (Belarusian: \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u0428\u044d\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d; October 25, 1934 \u2013 March 4, 2005) was a Uruguay-born Belarusian\u2013Spanish translator, writer, human rights activist and honorary vice-president of the Belarusian PEN Center (a worldwide association of writers, aimed to promote intellectual cooperation and understanding among writers). He translated from Spanish into Belarusian and Russian.", "Q67820": "Bartholom\u00e4us Ringwaldt (28 November 1532 \u2013 c. 1599) was a German didactic poet and Lutheran pastor. He is most recognized as a hymnwriter.", "Q269683": "Ksenia Solo (born 8 October 1987) is a Latvian-Canadian actress, known for portraying Mackenzie \"Kenzi\" Malikov on Lost Girl. She portrayed Peggy Shippen on Turn: Washington's Spies. Solo also portrayed the character \"Natasha\" in the 2010 American television series Life Unexpected and Shay Davydov in Season 3 of Orphan Black. In 2017 she joined the cast of the History Channel's Project Blue Book as the Russian spy, Susie Miller.", "Q434913": "Cameron Ezike Giles (born February 4, 1976), better known by his stage name Cam'ron, is an American rapper, record executive, and actor from East Harlem, New York. Beginning his career in the mid-1990s as Killa Cam, Giles signed to Lance \"Un\" Rivera's Untertainment under the aegis of Epic and released his first two studio albums Confessions of Fire and S.D.E. (Sports Drugs & Entertainment) in 1998 and 2000 respectively; the former achieved Gold status by the RIAA. After demanding his release from Epic, Giles signed to Roc-A-Fella Records in 2001 and released his third studio album Come Home with Me the following year; it achieved Platinum status by the RIAA, and also contained Cam'ron's highest-charting singles to date; \"Oh Boy\" and \"Hey Ma\", which peaked at #4 and #3 on the Billboard Hot 100, respectively. His fourth studio album and final release on Roc-A-Fella, Purple Haze was released in 2004 to critical acclaim and commercial success, being certified gold by the RIAA.\nAfter separating his label, Diplomat Records from Roc-A-Fella in 2005 due to disagreements between himself and label-head Jay-Z, Cam'ron signed the label to a distribution deal with Asylum Records. In 2006 Cam'ron released his fifth studio album, Killa Season, which contained a film of the same name, in which Cam'ron made his director-screenwriter debut and starred as the main character. In 2009, after taking a hiatus due to his mother's health, Cam'ron returned to music and released his sixth studio album Crime Pays. It reached number 3 on the Billboard 200.\nAside from his solo career, he is the leader of The Diplomats (also known as Dipset), a group he formed in 1997 with his childhood friend Jim Jones and his cousin Freekey Zekey. He was also one half of the duo U.N. (Us Now), and a founding member of the Children of the Corn before they disbanded in 1997. Giles has also occasionally worked as an actor, starring in the Roc-A-Fella films Paper Soldiers and Paid in Full in 2002.", "Q208269": "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind is a 2004 American science fiction romantic drama film written by Charlie Kaufman and directed by Michel Gondry. It follows an estranged couple who have erased each other from their memories. Pierre Bismuth created the story with Kaufman and Gondry. The ensemble cast includes Jim Carrey, Kate Winslet, Kirsten Dunst, Mark Ruffalo, Elijah Wood, and Tom Wilkinson. The title of the film is a quotation from the 1717 poem Eloisa to Abelard by Alexander Pope.\nThe film uses elements of the psychological thriller and a nonlinear narrative to explore the nature of memory and romantic love. It opened in North America to wide acclaim on March 19, 2004, and grossed over $70 million worldwide. It won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, and Winslet received a nomination for Academy Award for Best Actress. The film developed a cult following in the years after its release and has come to be regarded by many critics as one of the best films of the 21st century.", "Q3815096": "Jos\u00e9 Ortega Spottorno (November 13, 1916 \u2013 February 18, 2002) was a Spanish journalist and publisher. Born in Madrid to famous philosopher Jos\u00e9 Ortega y Gasset and Rosa Spottorno Topete, Jos\u00e9 Ortega Spottorno was the founder of affordable paperback publishing firm Alianza Editorial and the Spanish daily newspaper El Pa\u00eds, which quickly became the bestselling Spanish newspaper, a crown it holds to this day. He was survived by his wife, Simone Ortega, and three children, one of whom works as a journalist for El Pa\u00eds.", "Q46636": "Jack Kevorkian (; born Murad Jacob Kevorkian; Armenian: \u0544\u0582\u0580\u0561\u0564 \u0541\u0561\u056e\u0578\u0562 \u053f\u0565\u057e\u0578\u0580\u056f\u056b\u0561\u0576; May 26, 1928 \u2013 June 3, 2011) was an American pathologist and euthanasia proponent. He publicly championed a terminal patient's right to die by physician-assisted suicide, embodied in his quote \"Dying is not a crime\". Kevorkian claimed to have assisted at least 130 patients, to that end. He was often portrayed in the media with the name of \"Dr. Death\". There was support for his cause, and he helped set the platform for reform.In 1998, Kevorkian was arrested and tried for his direct role in a case of voluntary euthanasia on a man named Thomas Youk who suffered from Lou Gehrig\u2019s disease or ALS. He was convicted of second-degree murder and served 8 years of a 10-to-25-year prison sentence. He was released on parole on June 1, 2007, on condition he would not offer advice, participate, nor be present in the act of any type of suicide involving euthanasia to any other person; as well as neither promote nor talk about the procedure of assisted suicide.", "Q92301": "Eduard Duller (18 November 1809, Vienna \u2013 24 July 1853, Wiesbaden) was a German-Austrian writer and clergyman, very active as a poet, novelist and later as a historian.", "Q1327931": "Elena Zaremba (born July 10, 1957) is a Russian-born mezzo-soprano long active in the United States.\nZaremba was born in Moscow into a family of singers, and studied at the Gnessin State Musical College, joining the Bolshoi Opera in 1984 upon graduation. On the company's 1989 tour to La Scala she made her Western debut as Vanya in A Life for the Tsar. At this stage in her career she sang mainly Russian roles, such as Laura in The Stone Guest, the Innkeeper in Boris Godunov, Olga in Eugene Onegin, and Amelfa in The Golden Cockerel; other roles included Cherubino and Lola in Cavalleria rusticana. In 1990 Zaremba was engaged as Konchakovna for Prince Igor at the Royal Opera House, a performance which has been preserved on video. In 1991 she bowed in New York with the Bolshoi on tour; in 1992 she was Ulrica at the Vienna State Opera, and that same year she sang Carmen for Bregenz. In 1991 she took part in the world premiere of The Master and Margarita by Nicolas Slonimsky in Moscow. Zaremba has since moved to the West, and taken on roles such as Dalila. She has sung frequently with the Metropolitan Opera since her debut with the company as Azucena in 1999. Zaremba has recorded the role of Erda in Das Rheingold under Christoph von Dohn\u00e1nyi, but the majority of her recordings are of Russian music.", "Q558177": "Niccol\u00f2 Tommaseo (Italian: [nikko\u02c8l\u0254 ttomma\u02c8z\u025b\u02d0o]; 9 October 1802 \u2013 1 May 1874) was an Italian linguist, journalist and essayist, the editor of a Dizionario della Lingua Italiana in eight volumes (1861\u201374), of a dictionary of synonyms (1830) and other works. He is considered a precursor of the Italian irredentism.", "Q50054": "Garden Grove is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States, located 34 miles (55 km) southeast of the city of Los Angeles in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The population was 170,883 at the 2010 United States Census. State Route 22, also known as the Garden Grove Freeway, passes through the city in an east-west direction. The western portion of the city is known as West Garden Grove.", "Q445132": "Leann Hunley (born February 25, 1955) is an American television actress. Although she has worked in numerous productions, she is perhaps best known for portraying Anna DiMera on NBC's Days of Our Lives and Dana Waring on the ABC primetime soap opera, Dynasty.\n\n", "Q638": "Music is an art form, and cultural activity, whose medium is sound. General definitions of music include common elements such as pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound). Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements. Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments. The word derives from Greek \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae (mousike; \"art of the Muses\").\nSee glossary of musical terminology.\nIn its most general form, the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music (songs, tunes, symphonies, and so on), the criticism of music, the study of the history of music, and the aesthetic examination of music. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as \"the harmony of the spheres\" and \"it is music to my ears\" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, \"There is no noise, only sound.\"The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context. Indeed, throughout history, some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as \"not being music\", including Beethoven's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825, early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s. There are many types of music, including popular music, traditional music, art music, music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions\u2013such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s, through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz, and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries.\nMusic can be divided into genres (e.g., country music) and genres can be further divided into subgenres (e.g., country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres), although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle, sometimes open to personal interpretation, and occasionally controversial. For example, it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal. Within the arts, music may be classified as a performing art, a fine art or as an auditory art. Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance, heard live as part of a dramatic work (a music theater show or opera), or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio, MP3 player, CD player, smartphone or as film score or TV show.\nIn many cultures, music is an important part of people's way of life, as it plays a key role in religious rituals, rite of passage ceremonies (e.g., graduation and marriage), social activities (e.g., dancing) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir. People may make music as a hobby, like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra, or work as a professional musician or singer. The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces (such as songwriters and composers), individuals who perform music (which include orchestra, jazz band and rock band musicians, singers and conductors), individuals who record music (music producers and sound engineers), individuals who organize concert tours, and individuals who sell recordings, sheet music, and scores to customers. Even once a song or piece has been performed, music critics, music journalists, and music scholars may assess and evaluate the piece and its performance.\n\n", "Q866410": "Ill Ni\u00f1o is an American heavy metal band formed in New Jersey in 1998 by founder/drummer Dave Chavarri. Ill Ni\u00f1o developed their own unique style known to fans of the band as \"Latin metal\". They have released seven studio albums, two EPs, and one greatest hits album, selling over 2 million albums worldwide.", "Q546349": "Lou Ann Barton (born February 17, 1954, Fort Worth, Texas, United States) is an American blues singer based in Austin, Texas since the 1970s. AllMusic noted that \"The grace, poise, and confidence she projects on-stage is part of a long tradition for women blues singers\".", "Q365913": "Mohamed Al-Fayed (; Egyptian Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f\u200e [mahamad el fajed]; born Mohamed Fayed; 27 January 1929) is an Egyptian businessman. Fayed's business interests include ownership of H\u00f4tel Ritz Paris and formerly Harrods Department Store. Al-Fayed sold Fulham F.C. to Shahid Khan in 2013.Fayed had a son, Dodi, from his first marriage to Samira Khashoggi from 1954 to 1956. Dodi died in a car crash in Paris with Diana, Princess of Wales, on 31 August 1997. Fayed later remarried to Finnish socialite and former model Heini Wath\u00e9n in 1985, with whom he also has four children: Jasmine, Karim, Camilla, and Omar. In 2013, Fayed's wealth was estimated at US$1.4 billion, making him the 1,031st-richest person in the world.", "Q332693": "Norberto Bobbio (Italian: [nor\u02c8b\u025brto \u02c8b\u0254bbjo]; 18 October 1909 \u2013 9 January 2004) was an Italian philosopher of law and political sciences and a historian of political thought. He also wrote regularly for the Turin-based daily La Stampa.\nBobbio was a liberal socialist in the tradition of Piero Gobetti, Carlo Rosselli, Guido Calogero, and Aldo Capitini. He was also strongly influenced by Hans Kelsen and Vilfredo Pareto.", "Q60197": "Alfred Einstein (December 30, 1880 \u2013 February 13, 1952) was a German-American musicologist and music editor. He was born in Munich and fled Nazi Germany after Hitler's Machtergreifung, arriving in the United States by 1939. He is best known for being the editor of the first major revision of the K\u00f6chel catalogue, which was published in the year 1936. The K\u00f6chel catalogue is the extensive catalogue of the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.", "Q259998": "Marion Eileen Ross (born October 25, 1928) is a retired American actress and voice actress. Her best-known role is that of Marion Cunningham on the ABC television sitcom Happy Days, on which she starred from 1974 to 1984 and received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. Before her success on Happy Days, Ross appeared in a variety of film roles, appearing in The Glenn Miller Story (1954), Sabrina (1954), Lust for Life (1956), Teacher's Pet (1958), Some Came Running (1958), Operation Petticoat (1959), and Honky (1971), as well as several minor television roles, one of which was on television\u2019s The Lone Ranger (1954). Ross also starred in The Evening Star (1996), for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress.\nSince the 1990s, Ross has been known for voice-over work on animated television series such as King of the Hill and SpongeBob SquarePants among others and recurring roles on The Drew Carey Show, Gilmore Girls and Brothers & Sisters and guest spots.\n\n", "Q455321": "Nelly Miricioiu (born 31 March 1952) is a Romanian-British operatic soprano singing a large repertoire ranging from bel canto to verismo.", "Q4536": "Matchstick Men is a 2003 black comedy crime film directed by Ridley Scott, and based on Eric Garcia's 2002 novel of the same name. The film stars Nicolas Cage, Sam Rockwell, and Alison Lohman.\nThe film premiered on September 2, 2003 at the 60th Venice International Film Festival and was released in the United States on September 12, 2003. It received generally positive reviews and grossed $65 million against its $62 million budget.", "Q18992": "Gregory Martin Itzin (born April 20, 1948) is an Emmy nominated American film and television actor.", "Q1382341": "Jared Victor Hennegan (born August 5, 1971), better known by the stage name \"Evil\" Jared Hasselhoff, is an American musician, songwriter, actor and television moderator. He is best known for being the former bassist of Bloodhound Gang.", "Q1780979": "The Album Leaf is an American solo musical project founded in San Diego, California in 1998 by Jimmy LaValle. He is known for his use of electronics, synthesizer, and Rhodes piano. His performances often feature projected visual art.", "Q344063": "Dmitry Yulianovich Sitkovetsky (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u042e\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0438\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439; born September 27, 1954) is a Soviet-Russian born classical violinist, conductor and arranger, notably of the orchestral version of J S Bach's Goldberg Variations[1][2].", "Q17479": "Clube de Regatas do Flamengo (Brazilian Portuguese: [\u02c8klubi d\u0292i \u0281e\u02c8\u0261ata\u0292 du fla\u02c8m\u1ebd\u0261u]; English: Flamengo Rowing Club), commonly referred to as Flamengo, is a Brazilian sports club based in Rio de Janeiro best known for their professional football team.\nThe club was first established in 1895 as a rowing club and played their first official match in 1912. Flamengo's traditional uniform features red and black striped shirts with white shorts, and red and black striped socks. Flamengo has typically played their home matches in the Maracan\u00e3, the national stadium of Brazil, since its completion in 1950, with some exceptions in recent years. Since 1969, the vulture (Portuguese: urubu) has been the most recognized mascot of Flamengo.Flamengo established themselves as one of Brazil's most successful sports clubs in the 20th century during of the era of state leagues in Brazil when they captured several Campeonato Carioca (Rio de Janeiro state league) titles prior to the establishment of the first Brazilian national football league in 1959. Since then, they have remained successful in Brazilian football, having won 7 Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A, 3 Copa do Brasil, and a record 35 Campeonato Carioca. They are one of three clubs to have never been relegated from the Brasileir\u00e3o. In South American and worldwide competitions, the club's highest achievements are their conquests of the 1981 and 2019 Copa Libertadores, and 1981 Intercontinental Cup against Liverpool, led by the club's most iconic player Zico. Flamengo's fiercest and longest-standing rivalries are with the other \"Big Four\" of Rio de Janeiro: Fluminense, Botafogo and Vasco da Gama.\nFlamengo is the most popular club in Brazil, with over 30 million supporters as of 2018. As of 2017, it is also Brazil's richest football club with an annual revenue of R$648.0 million (\u20ac163.04 million) and a valuation of over R$1.69 billion (\u20ac425.21 million).", "Q1438486": "Raymond Louis \"Ray\" Kennedy (November 26, 1946 \u2013 February 16, 2014) was an American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer, based in Los Angeles. His works span multiple genres including R&B, pop, rock, jazz, fusion, acid rock, country and many others. He co-wrote \"Sail On, Sailor\", one of The Beach Boys' mid-career hits as well as two hits for The Babys: \"Everytime I Think of You\" and \"Isn't It Time\".", "Q386336": "Eduardo Guillermo Carrasco Pirard (born July 2, 1940 in Santiago) is a Chilean musician, university professor of philosophy, author, and one of the founders of the Chilean folk music group Quilapay\u00fan - and the group's musical director from 1969 to 1989.", "Q92467": "Johann Theodor Friedrich Av\u00e9-Lallemant (born 2 February 1806 in Magdeburg; d. 9 November 1890 in Hamburg) was a German musician and music teacher.", "Q2147": "Giridharilal Kedia (Hindi: \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e Odia: \u0b17\u0b3f\u0b30\u0b3f\u0b27\u0b3e\u0b30\u0b3f\u0b32\u0b3e\u0b32 \u0b15\u0b47\u0b21\u0b3c\u0b3f\u0b06) (25 August 1936 \u2013 19 December 2009) was an Indian well known social entrepreneur. He served the Kala Vikash Kendra, Cuttack for 12 years as the Working President and Trustee. Kedia was also the founder and chairman of Image Institute of Technology & Management. He was awarded the Samaj Gaurav award for his service. He was also awarded the Theater Movement Award by Global Peace Organization. Kedia was a District Governor of Lions Club International for the years 1981-1982 for the undivided district 322C.\n\n", "Q443225": "Gene Austin (June 24, 1900 \u2013 January 24, 1972) was an American singer and songwriter, one of the first \"crooners\". His recording of \"My Blue Heaven\" sold over five million copies and was the largest selling record of all time. His 1920s compositions \"When My Sugar Walks Down the Street\" and \"The Lonesome Road\" became pop and jazz standards.", "Q662247": "Ulrichen is a village in the municipality of Obergoms in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. The population (as of 2007) was 219.Ulrichen was an independent municipality until January 1, 2009, when it merged with Oberwald and Obergesteln to form the municipality Obergoms.\nIn Ulrichen, an airport is located.", "Q197297": "The 17th arrondissement of Paris (XVIIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as dix-septi\u00e8me.\nThe arrondissement, known as Batignolles-Monceau, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine.", "Q249235": "Peter's Friends is a 1992 British comedy film written by Rita Rudner and Martin Bergman, and directed and produced by Kenneth Branagh.\nThe film follows six friends, members of an acting troupe who graduated from Cambridge University in 1982 and went their separate ways. Ten years later, Peter (Stephen Fry) inherits a large estate from his father, and invites the rest of the gang to spend New Year's holiday with him. Many changes have taken place in all of their lives, but Peter has a secret that will shock them all.", "Q324797": "Judith Barrett (born Lucille Kelley, February 2, 1909 \u2013 March 10, 2000), also known as Nancy Dover, was an American film actress of the late 1920s and through the 1930s, up until 1940.", "Q806482": "Bangkok Hilton is a three-part Australian mini-series, made in 1989 by Kennedy Miller Productions and directed by Ken Cameron. The title of the mini-series is, in the story, the nickname of a fictional Bangkok prison in which the protagonist is imprisoned, a mordant reference to Hanoi Hilton, the nickname for a prison used by North Vietnam during the Vietnam War.", "Q220283": "Roberto Rivellino (also Rivelino, Brazilian Portuguese: [\u0281o\u02c8b\u025b\u0281tu \u0281ive\u02c8l\u0129nu]; Italian: [ro\u02c8b\u025brto rivel\u02c8lino]; born 1 January 1946) is a former Brazilian professional footballer. He was one of the stars of Brazil's 1970 FIFA World Cup winning team. Rivellino currently works as a pundit for Brazilian TV Cultura.The son of Italian immigrants from Macchiagodena (Isernia), he was famous for his large moustache, bending free kicks, long range shooting, accurate long passing, vision, close ball control and dribbling skills. He also perfected a football move called the \"flip flap\", famously copied by Rom\u00e1rio, M\u00e1gico Gonz\u00e1lez, Ronaldo, Ronaldinho and Cristiano Ronaldo in recent years. A former attacking midfielder, he is widely regarded as one of the most graceful football players ever, and among the best midfielders of his generation. With the close control, feints and ability with his left foot, Diego Maradona named Rivellino among his greatest inspirations growing up. In 2004, he was named by Pel\u00e9 in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players.\n\n", "Q82674": "Mary I (18 February 1516 \u2013 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, was the queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death. She is best known for her vigorous attempt to reverse the English Reformation, which had begun during the reign of her father, Henry VIII. Her attempt to restore to the Church the property confiscated in the previous two reigns was largely thwarted by parliament, but during her five-year reign, Mary had over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian persecutions, which led to her denunciation as \"Bloody Mary\" by her Protestant opponents.\nMary was the only child of Henry VIII by his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, to survive to adulthood. Her younger half-brother Edward VI succeeded their father in 1547 at the age of nine. When Edward became mortally ill in 1553, he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession because he supposed, correctly, that she would reverse the Protestant reforms that had begun during his reign. Upon his death, leading politicians proclaimed Lady Jane Grey as queen. Mary speedily assembled a force in East Anglia and deposed Jane, who was ultimately beheaded. Mary was\u2014excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the Empress Matilda\u2014the first queen regnant of England. In 1554, Mary married Philip of Spain, becoming queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556.\nAfter Mary's death in 1558, her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed by her younger half-sister and successor, Elizabeth I.", "Q457250": "Henry Hathaway (March 13, 1898 \u2013 February 11, 1985) was an American film director and producer. He is best known as a director of Westerns, especially starring Randolph Scott and John Wayne. He directed Gary Cooper in seven films.", "Q99532": "Ernst Waldow (22 August 1893 \u2013 5 June 1964) was a German film actor. He appeared in more than 160 films during his career.\n\n", "Q382150": "Leonid Kostyantynovych Kadenyuk (Ukrainian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0434 \u041a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044e\u043a, 28 January 1951 \u2013 31 January 2018) was the first, and to this day remains the only, astronaut of independent Ukraine who flew into the space. He flew on NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 as part of the international mission STS-87. Kadenyuk held the rank of Major General in the Ukrainian Air Force.", "Q984481": "Charbel Nahas (Arabic: \u0634\u0631\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u200e) (born 16 August 1954) is a Lebanese politician, economist and engineer. He is a former Lebanese Labour minister in Najib Mikati's second government. He was one of eleven Change and Reform ministers, which is headed by General Michel Aoun, the largest share that it has ever had in government. Nahas is widely considered to be a Lebanese progressive whose priority has been to improve living conditions for the country's disenfranchised poor. He submitted his resignation to Michel Aoun on 21 February 2012, and was officially resigned on 22 February 2012, arguing that all of his colleagues in government were preventing any effective improvement in workers' rights. Nahas is currently the General Secretary of Citizens in a State, a new political party that was established in 2016 and that has as its goal to create \"a civil, democratic, fair and capable state\".", "Q1258129": "The Dreispitz is a mountain of the Bernese Alps, overlooking Kiental in the Bernese Oberland. The summit can be reached by a trail from the Renggpass.", "Q65789": "Bertschikon bei Attikon (or Bertschikon) is a former municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipality of Bertschikon merged into the municipality of Wiesendangen.", "Q753930": "Ridgefield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. Situated in the foothills of the Berkshire Mountains, the 300-year-old community had a population of 24,638 at the 2010 census. The town center, which was formerly a borough, is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place.\n\n", "Q44747": "Christoph Maria Michael Hugo Damian Peter Adalbert Sch\u00f6nborn, (German pronunciation: [\u02c8kr\u026ast\u0254f \u02c8\u0283\u00f8\u02d0nb\u0254rn]) O.P. (German: Christoph Maria Michael Hugo Damian Peter Adalbert Sch\u00f6nborn; born 22 January 1945), is a Bohemian-born Austrian Dominican friar and theologian, who is a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He serves as the Archbishop of Vienna and Chairman of the Austrian Bishops' Conference. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1998. He is also Grand Chaplain of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Austrian branch), of which he has been a member since 1961. He is a member of the formerly sovereign princely House of Sch\u00f6nborn, several members of which held high offices of the Holy Roman Empire and the Catholic Church as prince-bishops, prince-electors and cardinals.", "Q2027201": "Maxim Tank Belarusian State Pedagogical University also known as BSPU (Belarusian: \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0456 \u0434\u0437\u044f\u0440\u0436\u0430\u045e\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u044b \u045e\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0442\u044d\u0442 \u0456\u043c\u044f \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0456\u043c\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430) is a university in Minsk, Belarus. It specialises in teacher training of mathematics, chemistry, physics, psychology, geography, history, languages and others for primary and secondary schools.", "Q384521": "Katherine Kelly (born 19 November 1979 in Barnsley, South Yorkshire) is an English actress and presenter, who made her TV debut in 2003, appearing on Last of the Summer Wine. Kelly rose to prominence after portraying Becky McDonald in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street between 2006 and 2012. For this role, Kelly won multiple awards including a National Television Award for Best Serial Drama Performance in 2012. \nSince leaving Coronation Street, she has played Lady Mae in the ITV drama series Mr Selfridge (2013\u20132014, 2016) and starred in ITV drama Cheat as Leah in 2019. Kelly is also known for her roles in Happy Valley, Class (2016), Criminal: UK (2019) and a starring role in the second series of Liar (2020).", "Q1304656": "Kenneth Connor, (6 June 1918 \u2013 28 November 1993) was a 20th century English stage, film and broadcasting actor, who rose to national prominence with his appearances in the Carry On films.", "Q660450": "Kreuzlingen District is one of the five districts of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. It has a population of 48,345 (as of 31 December 2018). Its capital is the city of Kreuzlingen.\nThe district contains the following municipalities:", "Q214132": "And Then There Were None is a mystery novel by English writer Agatha Christie, described by her as the most difficult of her books to write. It was first published in the United Kingdom by the Collins Crime Club on 6 November 1939, as Ten Little Niggers, after the minstrel song, which serves as a major plot point.The US edition was released in January 1940 with the title And Then There Were None, which is taken from the last five words of the song. All successive American reprints and adaptations use that title, except for the Pocket Books paperbacks published between 1964 and 1986, which appeared under the title Ten Little Indians.\nThe book is the world's best-selling mystery, and with over 100 million copies sold is one of the best-selling books of all time. Publications International lists the novel as the sixth best-selling title.\n\n", "Q970272": "Ronald Harold Johnson (born April 8, 1955) is an American politician and accountant serving as the senior United States Senator for Wisconsin. He is a member of the Republican party. Johnson was first elected to the Senate in 2010, defeating Democratic incumbent Russ Feingold and re-elected in 2016, again defeating Feingold. Before serving in the Senate, Johnson was Chief Executive Officer of PACUR, LLC, a polyester and plastics manufacturer.\n\n", "Q99526": "Werner Zillig (born October 22, 1949 in Ha\u00dflach, Germany) is a German author and scholar.\nWerner Zillig studied at universities in Erlangen, T\u00fcbingen and M\u00fcnster, obtaining his doctorate from M\u00fcnster in 1981 with a linguistic study on speech acts. He then taught German linguistics at the same school. From 1996 through 2002, he lived in Lille, France. After that, he moved to the Innsbruck area. In 2008, he was named \u2018\u2019Honorarprofessor\u201d for linguistics at Innsbruck University.\nIn the early nineties, Zillig began work on \"kommunikatives Controlling,\" which he describes as a practical linguistic, non-psychological analysis of communication for the purposes of improving it.Zillig's first fiction was science fiction, in 1978. Later works follow the style of Thomas Mann (\u2018\u2019Der neue Duft\u2019\u2019 [the new fragrance]) and David Lodge (\u2018\u2019Die Festschrift\u2019\u2019). He is the winner of the 1990 Kurd-La\u00dfwitz-Preis, for Siebzehn S\u00e4tze.", "Q177411": "Jean Giono (30 March 1895 \u2013 8 October 1970) was a French author who wrote works of fiction mostly set in the Provence region of France.\n\n", "Q3313547": "The F.C. Tokyo Volleyball Team (FC\u6771\u4eac\u30d0\u30ec\u30fc\u30dc\u30fc\u30eb\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0, FC Tokyo Bar\u0113b\u014dru Ch\u012bmu) (FC\u6771\u4eac) is a men's volleyball team based in Koto, Tokyo, Japan. It plays in V.Premier League. The owner of the team is Tokyo Gas", "Q880181": "Kai Simons (born 24 May 1938) is a Finnish professor of biochemistry and cell biology and physician living and working in Germany. He introduced the concept of lipid rafts, as well as coining the term trans-Golgi network and proposing its role in protein and lipid sorting, The co-founder and co-organizer of EMBO, ELSO, Simons initiated the foundation of MPI-CBG, where he acted as a director (1998\u20132006) and a group-leader (until 2012). He is the co-founder and co-owner of Lipotype GmbH.\n\n", "Q926034": "Shinji Aoyama (\u9752\u5c71 \u771f\u6cbb, Aoyama Shinji, born July 13, 1964) is a Japanese film director, screenwriter, composer, film critic, and novelist. He graduated from Rikkyo University. He won two awards at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival for his film Eureka.", "Q447057": "Christopher J. \"Fergy\" Ferguson (born September 1, 1961) is a Boeing commercial astronaut and a retired United States Navy Captain and NASA astronaut. He was the pilot of Space Shuttle Atlantis on his first mission to space, STS-115, which launched on September 9, 2006 and returned to Earth on September 21, 2006. He then commanded STS-126 aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour. In 2011, he was assigned as commander of STS-135, which was the final mission of the space shuttle program.\nOn December 9, 2011, he retired from NASA and became director of Crew and Mission Operations for Boeing's Commercial Crew Program. In August 2018, Ferguson was assigned to the first test flight of the Boeing CST-100 Starliner.", "Q101587": "Hans Ludwig David Paul, Graf Yorck von Wartenburg (1 April 1835 \u2013 12 September 1897) was a German lawyer, writer and philosopher.\n Graf (Count) Yorck developed a hermeneutical philosophy of history in exchange with his friend Wilhelm Dilthey. Their correspondence influenced the early Martin Heidegger's philosophy of history, especially central concepts of his early thought and Being and Time such as historicity, generation, and the difference between history as lived (Geschichte) and as an object of inquiry (Historie).\nYorck was a grandson of the Napoleonic-era field marshal Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg.", "Q669306": "Gelfingen is a former municipality in the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 it became part of the municipality of Hitzkirch.", "Q683907": "Sir Samuel Hill Hill-Wood, 1st Baronet (21 March 1872 \u2013 4 January 1949), born Samuel Hill Wood, was a British businessman, Conservative politician, cricketer and football club chairman.", "Q319364": "Yuen Biao (born Ha Lingchun; 26 July 1957) is a Hong Kong actor and martial artist. He specialises in acrobatics and Chinese martial arts and has worked on over 80 films as actor, stuntman and action choreographer. Along with Peking Opera School \"brothers\" at the China Drama Academy, Sammo Hung and Jackie Chan, he was one of the Seven Little Fortunes.\nYuen Biao has appeared in over 130 films. He has played roles in eight television series for Hong Kong channel TVB.", "Q384535": "The African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (known by its acronym UNAMID) is a joint African Union (AU) and United Nations (UN) peacekeeping mission formally approved by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1769 on 31 July 2007, to bring stability to the war-torn Darfur region of Sudan while peace talks on a final settlement continue.Its initial 12-month mandate was extended to 31 July 2010. As of 2008, its budget was approximately US $106 million per month. Its force of about 26,000 personnel began to deploy to the region in October 2007. The 9,000-strong African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS), which was previously responsible for peacekeeping, had completely merged into this new force by 31 December 2007.The mandate is for a force of up to 19,555 military personnel and 3,772 police, along with a further \"19 formed police units comprising up to 140 personnel each.\" The peacekeepers are allowed to use force to protect civilians and humanitarian operations. UNAMID is the first joint UN/AU force and the largest peacekeeping mission.\nAs of December 2008, it had deployed 15,136 total uniformed personnel, including 12,194 troops, 175 military observers, and 2,767 police officers, who were supported by 786 international civilian personnel, 1,405 local civilian staff, and 266 UN volunteers.\n\n", "Q128115": "Abstract art uses visual language of shape, form, color and line to create a composition which may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world. Western art had been, from the Renaissance up to the middle of the 19th century, underpinned by the logic of perspective and an attempt to reproduce an illusion of visible reality. By the end of the 19th century many artists felt a need to create a new kind of art which would encompass the fundamental changes taking place in technology, science and philosophy. The sources from which individual artists drew their theoretical arguments were diverse, and reflected the social and intellectual preoccupations in all areas of Western culture at that time.Abstract art, non-figurative art, non-objective art, and non-representational art are closely related terms. They are similar, but perhaps not of identical meaning.\nAbstraction indicates a departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art. This departure from accurate representation can be slight, partial, or complete. Abstraction exists along a continuum. Even art that aims for verisimilitude of the highest degree can be said to be abstract, at least theoretically, since perfect representation is likely to be exceedingly elusive. Artwork which takes liberties, altering for instance color and form in ways that are conspicuous, can be said to be partially abstract. Total abstraction bears no trace of any reference to anything recognizable. In geometric abstraction, for instance, one is unlikely to find references to naturalistic entities. Figurative art and total abstraction are almost mutually exclusive. But figurative and representational (or realistic) art often contain partial abstraction.\nBoth geometric abstraction and lyrical abstraction are often totally abstract. Among the very numerous art movements that embody partial abstraction would be for instance fauvism in which color is conspicuously and deliberately altered vis-a-vis reality, and cubism, which alters the forms of the real life entities depicted.", "Q436876": "Vera Fyodorovna Komissarzhevskaya (Russian: \u0412\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0430 \u0424\u0451\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0436\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f; 8 November 1864 \u2013 23 February 1910) was one of the most celebrated actresses and theatre managers of the late Russian Empire. She made her professional debut in 1893, after having acted as an amateur at Constantin Stanislavsky's Society of Art and Literature. She is probably best known today for originating the role of Nina in the ill-fated premiere of Anton Chekhov's The Seagull, at the Alexandrinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg in 1896. Though the production was deemed an utter failure, Komissarzhevskaya's performance was highly praised.Later in her career, Komissarzhevskaya is notable for her patronage of the up-and-coming theatre artist, Vsevolod Meyerhold. Following Meyerhold's unsuccessful attempts to stage symbolist plays at Stanislavsky's Moscow Art Theatre, Komissarzhevskaya invited him to try his experiments at her new Dramatic Theatre. During their short-lived collaboration, the two managed to develop Meyerhold's symbolist aesthetic and Komissarzhevskaya herself starred in two of the most critically and commercially successful productions.", "Q428490": "Lee Seung-hyun (Korean: \uc774\uc2b9\ud604; born December 12, 1990), better known by his stage names Seungri (Hangul: \uc2b9\ub9ac; Victory) and V.I (when performing in Japan), is a former South Korean singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, businessman, investor, DJ and creative director. In the mid-2000s, Seungri rose to prominence as one of three vocalists and youngest member of the South Korean boy band Big Bang under YG Entertainment, which eventually became one of the best-selling digital groups of all-time in Asia and one of the best-selling boy bands in the world. With the release of the group's second studio album Remember (2008), in which the second single released, \"Strong Baby\", was performed solely by Seungri, he began to adopt a more mature image as an artist.\nSeungri furthered this image with the release of his first extended play, V.V.I.P in 2011. The EP debuted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart and yielded two singles: \"VVIP\" and \"What Can I Do\" (Korean: \uc5b4\uca4c\ub77c\uace0; Revised Romanization: Eojjeolago). The latter peaked at number seven on the Gaon Digital Chart and the album sold over 50,000 copies. His second Korean EP Let's Talk About Love (2013) fared better, becoming his second number one album and selling over 80,000 copies. Let's Talk About Love was supported by \"Gotta Talk to You\" (Korean: \ud560\ub9d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694; Revised Romanization: Halmal Isseoyo), which charted at number three on the Gaon Chart and was later re-released in Japan as his first full Japanese studio album, containing previous materials from the two EPs recorded in the country's native language. In 2018, he released his first Korean studio album, the chart-topper The Great Seungri and embarked on his first world tour as a solo artist.\nMaking his theatrical debut with the musical Sonagi in 2008, Seungri went on to star in films such as Nineteen and Why Did You Come to My House?, both released in 2009. He branched into television with the Japanese drama Kindaichi Shonen no Jikenbo (2013) and the South Korean television series Angel Eyes (2014). In recent years, he's explored other ventures, including opening a dance academy, owning a nightclub and restaurant franchise, founding a record label and investing in other businesses.\nOn March 11, 2019, Seungri departed from Big Bang and the entertainment industry and retired after allegations of him supplying prostitutes in 2015; a police investigation is ongoing into the Burning Sun scandal.", "Q127226": "William Falconer (21 February 1732 \u2013 December 1769) was a Scottish epic poet concerned mainly with life at sea. He also compiled a dictionary of marine matters.", "Q65945": "Wichtrach is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q29583": "Fashion design is the art of applying design, aesthetics and natural beauty to clothing and its accessories. It is influenced by cultural and social attitudes, and has varied over time and place. Fashion designers work in a number of ways in designing clothing and accessories such as bracelets and necklaces. Because of the time required to bring a garment onto the market, designers must at times anticipate changes to consumer tastes.\nDesigners conduct research on fashion trends and interpret them for their audience. Their specific designs are used by manufacturers. This is the essence of a designer's role; however, there is variation within this that is determined by the buying and merchandising approach, and product quality; for example, budget retailers will use inexpensive fabrics to interpret trends, but high-end retailers will ensure that the best available fabrics are used.Fashion designers attempt to design clothes which are functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. They consider who is likely to wear a garment and the situations in which it will be worn, and they work within a wide range of materials, colors, patterns and styles. Though most clothing worn for everyday wear falls within a narrow range of conventional styles, unusual garments are usually sought for special occasions such as evening wear or party dresses.\nSome clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of haute couture or bespoke tailoring. Today, most clothing is designed for the mass market, especially casual and every-day wear are called ready to wear.", "Q201259": "John Edward Berg (April 5, 1949 \u2013 December 15, 2007) was an American actor. He was perhaps best known for his role in the film Star Trek: Nemesis (2002). Apart from acting, he held many jobs during his life.", "Q250770": "Journey to the Center of the Earth (also promoted as Journey to the Center of the Earth 3-D or Journey 3-D) is a 2008 American 3D science fantasy adventure film directed by Eric Brevig and starring Brendan Fraser, Anita Briem, and Josh Hutcherson. Produced by New Line Cinema, it is an adaptation of the Jules Verne novel (which had previously been adapted multiple times, most notably in the 1959 film of the same name), and was released in 3D and 2D theaters by Warner Bros. Pictures on July 11, 2008.\nThe film also introduced the 4DX movie format, featuring \"4D\" motion effects in a specially designed cinema in Seoul, South Korea, using tilting seats to convey motion, wind, sprays of water and sharp air, probe lights to mimic lightning, fog, scents, and other theatrical special effects.The film received mixed to positive reviews from critics and earned $242 million on a $60 million budget.", "Q876171": "East Coast hip hop is a regional subgenre of hip hop music that originated in New York City during the 1970s. Hip hop is recognized to have originated and evolved first in the Bronx, New York; East Coast hip hop only became a distinct subgenre after artists from other regions of the United States emerged with different styles. \nIn contrast to other styles, East Coast hip hop music has prioritized complex lyrics for attentive listening rather than beats for dancing. The main components of hip hop culture from that time and still today are MCing, DJing, break dancing, and graffiti.", "Q585470": "Simian Mobile Disco are an English electronic music duo and production team, formed in 2003 by James Ford and Jas Shaw of the band Simian. Musically, they are known for their analogue production. Ford is also known for his production work.", "Q84211": "Heinrich Harrer (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ha\u026an\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8ha\u0281\u0250]; 6 July 1912 \u2013 7 January 2006) was an Austrian mountaineer, sportsman, geographer, and author. He was a member of the four-man climbing team that made the first ascent of the North Face of the Eiger in Switzerland. He wrote the books Seven Years in Tibet (1952) and The White Spider (1959).", "Q165015": "Wangen im Allg\u00e4u is a historic city in southeast Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It lies north-east of Lake Constance in the Westallg\u00e4u. It is the second-largest city (Population: 27,157 in 2005) in the Ravensburg district and is a nexus for the surrounding communities. From 1938 to 1972, Wangen was the county seat of the Wangen rural district.", "Q507301": "Major General Sir Andrew Scott Waugh (3 February 1810 \u2013 21 February 1878) was a British army officer and Surveyor General of India who worked in the Great Trigonometrical Survey. He served under Sir George Everest and succeeded him in 1843. Waugh established a gridiron system of traverses for covering northern India. Waugh is credited with naming the peak of Mount Everest.", "Q49277": "Daphne Oram (31 December 1925 \u2013 5 January 2003) was a British composer and electronic musician. She was one of the first British composers to produce electronic sound, and was a pioneer of musique concr\u00e8te in the UK. As a co-founder of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, she became a central figure in the evolution of electronic music.She was the creator of the Oramics technique for creating electronic sounds using drawn sound. Besides being a musical innovator, she was the first woman to independently direct and set up a personal electronic music studio, and the first woman to design and construct an electronic musical instrument.", "Q453022": "Lee Wallard (September 7, 1910 Schenectady, New York \u2013 November 29, 1963 St. Petersburg, Florida ) was an American race car driver. In the 1951 Indianapolis 500 Wallard drove the Number 99 Belanger Special to victory, at age 40. Tony Bettenhausen had passed up the car, because he wanted to drive a newer front-wheel drive vehicle. A week after winning the Indianapolis 500, Wallard was injured during an auto race in Reading, PA. He was severely burned when his race car caught fire in the home stretch of that race. He required 27 skin grafts.", "Q314640": "David A. J. \"Andy\" Samberg (born August 18, 1978) is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, and musician. He is a member of the comedy music group The Lonely Island and was a cast member on Saturday Night Live (2005\u20132012), where he and his fellow group members have been credited with popularizing the SNL Digital Shorts.Samberg has been in several films, including Hot Rod (2007), I Love You, Man (2009), That's My Boy (2012), Celeste and Jesse Forever (2012) and Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016). Samberg has had lead voice roles in the Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs franchise (2009\u20132013), the Hotel Transylvania film series (2012\u20132021) and Storks (2016).\nSince 2013, he has starred as Jake Peralta in the Fox, and later NBC, police sitcom Brooklyn Nine-Nine, for which he is also a producer. For his work on the show, he was awarded a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy in 2014.\n\n", "Q173677": "Eddie Johnson (February 10, 1919 \u2013 June 30, 1974) was an American racecar driver.\nBorn in Richmond, Virginia, Johnson died in a plane crash near Cleveland, Ohio. The National Transportation Safety Board ruled the probable cause was pilot error, specifically attempting to fly visually in unsuitable weather and structurally overloading the airplane. He drove in the AAA and USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1950\u20131952 and 1955\u20131966 seasons with 33 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 races in all of those years but the first two. He finished in the top ten 9 times, with his best finish in 3rd position, in 1959 at Trenton. Late in his career, Johnson frequently came to Indianapolis without an assigned car only to be signed on to a team which needed a driver to put a struggling car in the race. In 1965, Johnson became the last person on the track in the Indianapolis 500 mile race with a naturally aspirated Offenhauser in a roadster. Johnson was flagged to finish in 10th place. Johnson was a high school acquaintance of 1950 Indianapolis 500 winner Johnny Parsons.", "Q207628": "Musical composition, music composition, or simply composition, can refer to an original piece or work of music, either vocal or instrumental, the structure of a musical piece, or to the process of creating or writing a new piece of music. People who create new compositions are called composers. Composers of primarily songs are usually called songwriters; with songs, the person who writes lyrics for a song is the lyricist. In many cultures, including Western classical music, the act of composing typically includes the creation of music notation, such as a sheet music \"score,\" which is then performed by the composer or by other musicians. In popular music and traditional music, songwriting may involve the creation of a basic outline of the song, called the lead sheet, which sets out the melody, lyrics and chord progression. In classical music, orchestration (choosing the instruments of a large music ensemble such as an orchestra which will play the different parts of music, such as the melody, accompaniment, countermelody, bassline and so on) is typically done by the composer, but in musical theatre and in pop music, songwriters may hire an arranger to do the orchestration. In some cases, a pop or traditional songwriter may not use written notation at all, and instead compose the song in their mind and then play, sing or record it from memory. In jazz and popular music, notable sound recordings by influential performers are given the weight that written or printed scores play in classical music.\nAlthough a musical composition often uses musical notation and has a single author, this is not always the case. A work of music can have multiple composers, which often occurs in popular music when all members of a band collaborate to write a song, or in musical theatre, when one person writes the melodies, a second person writes the lyrics, and a third person orchestrates the songs. A piece of music can also be composed with words, images, or, since the 20th century, with computer programs that explain or notate how the singer or musician should create musical sounds. Examples range from 20th century avant-garde music that uses graphic notation, to text compositions such as Karlheinz Stockhausen's Aus den sieben Tagen, to computer programs that select sounds for musical pieces. Music that makes heavy use of randomness and chance is called aleatoric music, and is associated with contemporary composers active in the 20th century, such as John Cage, Morton Feldman, and Witold Lutos\u0142awski. A more commonly known example of chance-based music is the sound of wind chimes jingling in a breeze. The study of composition has traditionally been dominated by examination of methods and practice of Western classical music, but the definition of composition is broad enough to include the creation of popular music and traditional music songs and instrumental pieces, and to include spontaneously improvised works like those of free jazz performers and African percussionists such as Ewe drummers.\nAlthough in the 2000s, composition is considered to consist of the manipulation of each aspect of music (harmony, melody, form, rhythm, and timbre), according to Jean-Benjamin de Laborde (1780, 2:12):\n\nComposition consists in two things only. The first is the ordering and disposing of several sounds...in such a manner that their succession pleases the ear. This is what the Ancients called melody. The second is the rendering audible of two or more simultaneous sounds in such a manner that their combination is pleasant. This is what we call harmony, and it alone merits the name of composition.", "Q1138117": "Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny (The Polish Mercury Ordinary; original 17th-century Polish spelling: Merkuryusz Polski Ordynaryiny; full title: Merkuriusz Polski dzieje wszystkiego \u015bwiata w sobie zamykaj\u0105cy, dla informacji pospolitej: The Polish Mercury, Encompassing All the World's Affairs, for the Common Knowledge) was the first Polish newspaper (actually, a weekly), published from 1661, first in Krak\u00f3w, then in Warsaw.Though short-lived, it gave its name to several later newspapers, notably the Merkuriusz Polski published in London, 1955\u201358.", "Q2153": "Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 \u2013 18 August 1945) was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy. The honorific Netaji (Hindustani: \"Respected Leader\"), first applied in early 1942 to Bose in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin, was later used throughout India.Bose had been a leader of the younger, radical, wing of the Indian National Congress in the late 1920s and 1930s, rising to become Congress President in 1938 and 1939. However, he was ousted from Congress leadership positions in 1939 following differences with Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress high command. He was subsequently placed under house arrest by the British before escaping from India in 1940.Bose arrived in Germany in April 1941, where the leadership offered unexpected, if sometimes ambivalent, sympathy for the cause of India's independence, contrasting starkly with its attitudes towards other colonised peoples and ethnic communities. In November 1941, with German funds, a Free India Centre was set up in Berlin, and soon a Free India Radio, on which Bose broadcast nightly. A 3,000-strong Free India Legion, comprising Indians captured by Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps, was also formed to aid in a possible future German land invasion of India. By spring 1942, in light of Japanese victories in southeast Asia and changing German priorities, a German invasion of India became untenable, and Bose became keen to move to southeast Asia. Adolf Hitler, during his only meeting with Bose in late May 1942, suggested the same, and offered to arrange for a submarine. During this time Bose also became a father; his wife, or companion, Emilie Schenkl, whom he had met in 1934, gave birth to a baby girl in November 1942. Identifying strongly with the Axis powers, and no longer apologetically, Bose boarded a German submarine in February 1943. In Madagascar, he was transferred to a Japanese submarine from which he disembarked in Japanese-held Sumatra in May 1943.With Japanese support, Bose revamped the Indian National Army (INA), then composed of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had been captured in the Battle of Singapore. To these, after Bose's arrival, were added enlisting Indian civilians in Malaya and Singapore. The Japanese had come to support a number of puppet and provisional governments in the captured regions, such as those in Burma, the Philippines and Manchukuo. Before long the Provisional Government of Free India, presided by Bose, was formed in the Japanese-occupied Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Bose had great drive and charisma\u2014creating popular Indian slogans, such as \"Jai Hind,\"\u2014and the INA under Bose was a model of diversity by region, ethnicity, religion, and even gender. However, Bose was regarded by the Japanese as being militarily unskilled, and his military effort was short-lived. In late 1944 and early 1945, the British Indian Army first halted and then devastatingly reversed the Japanese attack on India. Almost half the Japanese forces and fully half the participating INA contingent were killed. The INA was driven down the Malay Peninsula and surrendered with the recapture of Singapore. Bose had earlier chosen not to surrender with his forces or with the Japanese, but rather to escape to Manchuria with a view to seeking a future in the Soviet Union which he believed to be turning anti-British. He died from third-degree burns received when his plane crashed in Taiwan. Some Indians, however, did not believe that the crash had occurred, with many among them, especially in Bengal, believing that Bose would return to gain India's independence.The Indian National Congress, the main instrument of Indian nationalism, praised Bose's patriotism but distanced itself from his tactics and ideology, especially his collaboration with fascism. The British Raj, though never seriously threatened by the INA, charged 300 INA officers with treason in the INA trials, but eventually backtracked in the face both of popular sentiment and of its own end.", "Q82660": "Giuseppe Battiston (born 22 July 1968) is an Italian actor. He has appeared in more than 50 films since 1990.", "Q269697": "Liam Dominic Byrne (born 2 October 1970) is a British Labour Party politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham Hodge Hill since 2004.\nHe served as Chief Secretary to the Treasury in Gordon Brown's Government, and is known for having, upon his departure, left a note for his Liberal Democrat successor David Laws saying \"I'm afraid there is no money.\"\n\n", "Q1065210": "Charles Louis Fleischmann (November 3, 1835 \u2013 December 10, 1897) was an innovative manufacturer of yeast and other consumer food products during the 19th century. In the late 1860s, he and his brother Maximilian created America\u2019s first commercially produced yeast, which revolutionized baking in a way that made today\u2019s mass production and consumption of bread possible.", "Q180099": "Margaret Mead (December 16, 1901 \u2013 November 15, 1978) was an American cultural anthropologist who featured frequently as an author and speaker in the mass media during the 1960s and 1970s. She earned her bachelor's degree at Barnard College in New York City and her MA and PhD degrees from Columbia University. Mead served as President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1975.Mead was a communicator of anthropology in modern American and Western culture and was often controversial as an academic. Her reports detailing the attitudes towards sex in South Pacific and Southeast Asian traditional cultures influenced the 1960s sexual revolution. She was a proponent of broadening sexual conventions within the context of Western cultural traditions.", "Q122438": "Robert Reimann (17 December 1911 \u2013 28 August 1987) was a Swiss politician, member of the federal parliament (1955-1979) and President of the Swiss Council of States in 1977/1978.", "Q315238": "The Robert Schumann Hochschule (Robert Schumann University of Music and Media) is a school for music studies at the university level located in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. The University has a student body of some 850 coming from over 40 countries.\nForty-seven full-time and part-time faculty and 200 associate professors (People) provide individualized instruction.", "Q16015": "Balingen is a town in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, capital of the district of Zollernalbkreis. It is located near the Swabian Jura, approx. 35 km to the south of T\u00fcbingen, 35 km northeast of Villingen-Schwenningen, and 60 km southwest of Stuttgart.\nIt is home to the Bizerba and Ideal companies.", "Q124049": "Alfred Fellisch (1 June 1884 \u2013 4 March 1973) was a German Social democrat and socialist politician. He was Saxon minister of economics both in the Weimar Republic and in postwar East Germany and briefly Minister President of the Free State of Saxony (1923-1924).\nFellisch was born in Fraustadt, Province of Posen, German Empire (Wschowa, Poland), his father was a butcher. He attended primary school and was trained as a glovemaker, a profession he exercised until 1912. In 1912 and 1913 he attended the Social Democratic Party school in Berlin and started to work for the \"Volksstimme\" newspaper in Chemnitz in 1913. In 1914 he became a member of the SPD party executive of Saxony. From 1914 to 1921 Fellisch was the chairman of the young workers organization in Chemnitz. In 1919 he became a member of the town council of Chemnitz and worked as a secretary of the Social Democratic fraction in the Saxon Parliament. He ran unsuccessfully in the Reichstag election of 1920 in the district 33.Fellisch served as Saxon Minister of economics from May 1921 to January 1924 and, after the dismissal of Erich Zeigner by German President Friedrich Ebert, Minister President from 31 October 1923 to January 1924. From 1924 to 1933 he was the head of the regional administration (Amtshauptmann) of Annaberg.Following World War II the Soviet Military Administration in Germany appointed him as \"Regierungsrat\" in Stollberg and \"Landrat\" of the Annaberg district. With the merger of the Social Democrat Party and the Communist Party of Germany in the Soviet occupation zone he became a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany in April 1946.From May 1946 to March 1948 Fellisch was Secretary of State of economy and economic planning of Saxony. He followed Fritz Selbmann, who became deputy chairman of the German Economic Commission, as Minister of economy and economic planning of Saxony from April 1948 to September 1949.From 1949 until his retirement in 1952 he was the director of the Saxon State Library. Fellisch died on 4 March 1973 in Radebeul.", "Q750593": "Paradise Lost are a gothic metal band that formed in 1988 in Halifax, England, and are considered by some to be the pioneers of the death-doom genre, and regarded as the main influence for the later gothic metal movement. Bands that have cited Paradise Lost as an influence, or have covered them, include My Dying Bride, Anathema, The Gathering, Amorphis, Cradle of Filth, Katatonia, Moonspell, Lacuna Coil, HIM, Nightwish and many others. As of 2005, Paradise Lost have sold over two million albums worldwide.Their line-up has remained stable for such a long-standing heavy metal band, consisting of singer Nick Holmes, guitarists Greg Mackintosh and Aaron Aedy, and bassist Steve Edmondson. Holmes and Mackintosh are the principal composers, with almost all of the band's songs credited to them. During the years, the band has only changed drummers.\n\n", "Q529942": "Francis Bebey (15 July 1929 in Douala, Cameroon \u2013 28 May 2001 in Paris, France) was a Cameroonian writer and composer.", "Q69819": "D\u00fcrrenroth is a municipality in the district of Trachselwald in the Swiss canton of Bern.", "Q371972": "Faran Haroon Tahir (born February 16, 1964) is an American actor who appears in American television series and films, best known for his roles as Raza in Iron Man and Captain Robau in Star Trek.\n\n", "Q12273": "Gij\u00f3n (UK: , US: , Spanish: [xi\u02c8xon]) or Xix\u00f3n (Asturian: [\u0283i\u02c8\u0283o\u014b]) is the largest city and municipality in the autonomous community of Asturias in Spain. It is located on the Bay of Biscay, approximately 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Oviedo, the capital of Asturias. \nGij\u00f3n is situated on the coast of the Cantabrian Sea, in the north-west of Spain. It is located in the central-northern part of Asturias, 28 km from Oviedo and 26 km from Avil\u00e9s, forming part of a large metropolitan area that includes twenty councils in the center of the region, structured with a dense network of roads, highways and railways and with a population of 835,053 inhabitants in 2011, making it the seventh largest in Spain.During the 20th century, Gij\u00f3n developed as an industrial city in the steel and naval industries. However, due to the decline in manufacturing in these industries, in recent years Gij\u00f3n is undergoing a transformation into an important tourist, university, commercial and R&D center. Gij\u00f3n is the location of the Radiotelevisi\u00f3n del Principado de Asturias, the neighbourhood of Cimavilla, the Universidad Laboral de Gij\u00f3n, the Revillagigedo Palace, and the adjoining Collegiate Church of San Juan Bautista. \n\n", "Q150910": "Hon. Sir Charles Algernon Parsons, (13 June 1854 \u2013 11 February 1931) was an Anglo-Irish engineer, best known for his invention of the compound steam turbine, and as the namesake of C. A. Parsons and Company. He worked as an engineer on dynamo and turbine design, and power generation, with great influence on the naval and electrical engineering fields. He also developed optical equipment, for searchlights and telescopes.\n\n", "Q1737719": "Keith \"Keef\" Hartley (8 April 1944 \u2013 26 November 2011) was an English drummer and bandleader. He fronted his own eponymous band, known as the Keef Hartley Band or Keef Hartley's Big Band, and played at Woodstock. He was later a member of Dog Soldier, and variously worked with Rory Storm, The Artwoods and John Mayall.", "Q2302005": "The Generation of '50 (Spanish: Generaci\u00f3n del 50) relates to a Spanish literary movement of the mid-20th century, also known as the children of the civil war, and relates to writers born around the 1920s and published around the 1950s. They engendered a new lyrical preoccupation with language and incorporated metaphysical and philosophical techniques in their work in order to circumvent and undermine the strict censorship of the Francoist State.\nMany of the movement's initial features were influenced by the Generation of '27 and Generation of '98, notably Antonio Machado. In the second stage, when censorship relaxed somewhat novelists saw their role as provoking social reform by describing misery and injustice. Francoist Spain allowed, for the first time, members of the Generation of '50 to participate in translations and commentaries of selected foreign authors such as T.S. Eliot and Paul Celan. Most of these authors grouped into circles of friends meeting in bars and coffeehouses in the cities of Madrid and Barcelona.\nSignificant members of Generation of '50 were Ignacio Aldecoa, Carlos Barral, Jos\u00e9 Manuel Caballero Bonald, Eladio Caba\u00f1ero, Alfonso Costafreda, Jes\u00fas Fern\u00e1ndez Santos, Antonio Gamoneda, Juan Garc\u00eda Hortelano, Jaime Gil de Biedma, \u00c1ngel Gonz\u00e1lez, Jos\u00e9 Agust\u00edn, Juan Goytisolo, Alfonso Grosso, Rafael Guill\u00e9n, Jos\u00e9 Hierro (although some authors are of a slightly earlier period), Jes\u00fas L\u00f3pez Pacheco, Juan Mars\u00e9, Carmen Mart\u00edn Gaite, Ana Mar\u00eda Matute, Claudio Rodr\u00edguez, Carlos Sahag\u00fan, Rafael S\u00e1nchez Ferlosio, Daniel Sueiro, Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel Valente among others.", "Q90502": "Walter Klien (27 November 1928 \u2013 10 February 1991) was an Austrian pianist.", "Q53549": "Victor Santiago, Jr. (born September 6, 1977), better known by his stage name N.O.R.E., or Noreaga, is an American rapper, actor and media personality. Santiago first rose to prominence as one half of the East Coast hip hop duo Capone-N-Noreaga (C-N-N), alongside fellow Queens-based rapper Capone. He would also have success as a solo artist with the singles \"Superthug\", \"Banned from T.V.\", \"Nothin'\", \"Oye Mi Canto\" and \"Mas Maiz\".\nSantiago has released music under various record labels, including Penalty, Roc-La-Familia, Def Jam, and Babygrande Records. In June 2011, it was announced Santiago partnered with fellow American rapper Busta Rhymes' Conglomerate label, where he released his 2013 album Student of the Game, issued under E1 Music. Santiago is also chief executive officer (CEO) of his own imprint, Militainment Business.", "Q2511544": "SBK Records was a record label, owned by Universal Music Group, that is currently part of the Capitol Music Group, where it is in hibernation. The label was founded in 1988 and during its time in activity existed as part of the EMI Group.", "Q182856": "Cecilia Pillado (born in Mendoza, Argentina) is an Argentine-German actress, a classical pianist and composer. In Germany in 2005 she launched her own record label Tango Malambo, which was inactive until 2013. In the meanwhile her recordings were released under Sony Classical Germany.", "Q99240": "Jacob Gotfried Haafner (Halle, 13 May 1754 \u2013 Amsterdam, 4 September 1809) was a German-Dutch travel writer who lived in and wrote extensively on India and Sri Lanka. His travelogues were noted for their Romantic undertones, lively descriptions of Indian cultures and peoples, as well as criticisms of European colonialism, slavery, and cultural domination. \nIn 1805, Haafner entered the annual essay contest organized by Teylers Eerste Genootschap (English: Teylers Theological Society). His anti-colonialist, counter-missionary treatise, titled Onderzoek naar het nut der zendelingen en zendelings-genootschappen (English: Examination of the usefulness of missionaries and missionary societies), was selected as winner and published in 1807 amidst public consternation.\n\n", "Q1303893": "Gerry \u201cThe Gov.\u201d Brown is a recording engineer and producer based in Los Angeles. \nBrown is credited on over 50 Platinum and Gold Records. He has worked with artists such as Whitney Houston, John Legend, Earth, Wind & Fire, Madonna, Sting, Prince, Chuck Chilla, Madame X, Bernadette Cooper, Stanley Clarke, Leon Ware, The Bee Gees, Trombone Shorty, Brandy, Joss Stone, TLC, Brian McKnight, Phil Collins, Kelis, George Clinton, Nappy Roots, Anastacia, Jill Scott, Buddy Guy, Jaguar Wright, Warren G, The Roots, Cameo, Common, The Bangles, Marcus Miller, Wayne Shorter, Roy Ayers, The Gap Band, Usher, Mary J Blige, Monica, Miguel, Letta Mbulu, Ledisi, Jonathan Butler, Mariah Carey, Victor Wooten, Babyface, Andra Day, Natasha Agrama, and Eddie Murphy.Brown won the Grammy award Best Contemporary Jazz Album for his work as a producer/engineer on The Stanley Clarke Band by Stanley Clarke. He also won a Billboard Award for his work as a producer on \u201cLove Is\u201d by Vanessa Williams and Brian McKnight. Brown has received multiple Grammy nominations for his work with Alicia Keys, Erykah Badu, Vanessa Williams, and Raphael Saadiq.", "Q214654": "The Sorbonne (UK: , also US: , French: [s\u0254\u0281b\u0254n]) is a building in the Latin Quarter of Paris which from 1253 on housed the College of Sorbonne, part of one of the first universities in the world, later renamed University of Paris and commonly known as \"the Sorbonne\". Today, it continues to house the successor universities of the University of Paris, such as Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne University, Sorbonne University, Sorbonne Nouvelle University and University of Paris, as well as the Chancellerie des Universit\u00e9s de Paris. Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 is also now the university resulting from the merger on 1 January 2018 of Paris 6 UPMC and Paris 4 Sorbonne.", "Q158394": "Cees Nooteboom (Dutch pronunciation: [se\u02d0s no\u02d0t\u0259bo\u02d0m]; born 31 July 1933) is a Dutch novelist, poet, and journalist. After the attention received by his novel Rituelen (Rituals (1980), which received the Pegasus Prize, it was the first of his novels to be translated into an English edition, published in 1983 by Louisiana State University Press of the United States. LSU Press published his first two novels in English in the following years, as well as other works through 1990. Harcourt (now Houghton Mifflin Harcourt) and Grove Press have since published some of his works in English.\nNooteboom has won numerous literary awards and has been mentioned as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in literature.", "Q588632": "Silenoz (born Sven Atle Kopperud, 1 March 1977) is a Norwegian guitarist who is a founding member, along with Shagrath and Tjodalv, of the Norwegian symphonic black metal band Dimmu Borgir of which he is the primary songwriter. He is also guitarist for the death metal supergroup, Insidious Disease.", "Q359026": "Constantin \"Tino\" Rossi (29 April 1907 \u2013 26 September 1983) was a French singer and film actor.\nRossi, born in Ajaccio, Corsica, was gifted with a voice well suited for opera. He became a tenor in the French cabaret style. Later, he appeared in various movies. During his career he recorded hundreds of songs and he appeared in more than 25 films, the most notable of which was the 1954 production, Si Versailles m'\u00e9tait cont\u00e9... directed by Sacha Guitry. His romantic ballads had especially women swooning and his art songs by Jules Massenet (1842\u20131912), Reynaldo Hahn (1875\u20131947), and other composers, sold out theaters wherever he performed.", "Q941911": "Ali Al Jallawi (in Arabic \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a born in 1975 in Manama, Bahrain) is a poet, researcher, and writer. After two periods of imprisonment for writing poetry critical of the political regime in Bahrain, Al Jallawi has gone on to publish seven volumes of his work, most recently Tashta\u2019il karazat nahd, 2008. He has written books on the Baha\u2019i and Jewish communities in Bahrain, and presented his poetry at dozens of literary festivals both in the Arab world and elsewhere. In Manama, he ran a research center dedicated to raising awareness of Bahrain's minority communities. However, during the Bahraini uprising, he fled the country to avoid further imprisonment. The PEN committee organized a literary fellowship in Weimar for him to save him a lengthy application for political asylum in Germany. By May 2012, he was still living in Germany, now as a fellow of the Akademie der K\u00fcnste in Berlin. He is currently working on a novel titled Yadallah's Shoes.", "Q3779582": "A microbiologist (from Greek \u03bc\u1fd1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes. This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, and some types of parasites and their vectors. Most microbiologists work in offices and/or research facilities, both in private biotechnology companies as well as in academia. Most microbiologists specialize in a given topic within microbiology such as bacteriology, parasitology, virology, or immunology.", "Q1373347": "Martha Elenor Maguire (n\u00e9e Erwin; October 12, 1969) is an American musician who is a founding member of both the female alternative country band Dixie Chicks and country bluegrass duo Court Yard Hounds. She won awards in national fiddle championships while still a teenager. Erwin is accomplished on several other instruments, including the mandolin, viola, double bass and guitar. She has written and co-written a number of the band's songs, some of which have become chart-topping hits. She also contributes her skills in vocal harmony and backing vocals, as well as orchestrating string arrangements for the band.\nErwin learned several instruments at a young age, honing her skills with her younger sister, Emily Strayer (born Emily Erwin) and two schoolmates (a brother and sister team, Troy and Sharon Gilchrist) for over five years as a part of a touring bluegrass quartet while in high school. After graduation, the sisters forged an alliance with two other women they had met through the Dallas music scene, Laura Lynch and Robin Lynn Macy, forming a bluegrass and country music band, busking and touring the bluegrass festival circuits for six years. After the departure of Macy, and the replacement of Lynch with singer Natalie Maines, the band widened their musical repertoire and appearance. The result was a trio so commercially successful that it took the country music industry by surprise, with a number of hit songs, albums, and awards that have set records in the music industry. Erwin subsequently stood by her bandmates as they were engulfed in political controversy.", "Q137960": "Rooster Cogburn is a 1975 American adventure western film directed by Stuart Millar and starring John Wayne (in his penultimate film), reprising his role as U.S. Marshal Reuben J. \"Rooster\" Cogburn, and Katharine Hepburn. Written by Martha Hyer, based on the character Rooster Cogburn created by Charles McColl Portis in his 1968 western novel True Grit, the film is about an aging one-eyed lawman whose badge was recently suspended for a string of routine arrests that ended in bloodshed. To earn back his badge, he is tasked with bringing down a ring of bank robbers that has hijacked a wagon shipment of nitroglycerin. He is helped by a spinster searching for her father's killer. Rooster Cogburn is a sequel to the 1969 film True Grit.", "Q5023981": "Caltex Records (Persian: \u06a9\u0644\u062a\u06a9\u0633 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0632\u200e) is a record label based in Los Angeles, California. It was founded in 1980 by Iranian American immigrant Mehrdad Pakravan. The label focuses on Iranian music. In 1994, the label represented 75% of Persian musical artists in the world in part due to the exodus of musicians from Iran after the government banned popular music.", "Q96198": "Karin Evers-Meyer (born 10 September 1949) is a German politician of the SPD.\n\n", "Q194007": "Robin Mallapert (fl. 1538\u20131553) was a French musician of the Renaissance, probably a composer, who spent most of his life in Rome. He is best known as the teacher of Palestrina.\nNothing definite is known about the beginning or end of his life, but he was employed successively by several Roman churches and chapels: the Cappella Liberiana at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, the San Luigi dei Francesi, the Cappella Giulia (the Julian Chapel) at St Peter's, and Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano. During the period 1538-1539, when he was maestro di cappella at Santa Maria Maggiore, Palestrina was one of his singers: most likely he taught him singing and/or composition at this time.\nNo music is assigned to him with certainty. However, a set of six settings of the Magnificat, attributed to \"Rubino\", are most likely his.", "Q897370": "G\u00e1bor Egressy (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261a\u02d0bor \u02c8\u025b\u0261r\u025b\u0283i]) was a Hungarian actor and brother of B\u00e9ni Egressy. He was responsible for bringing the dramas of William Shakespeare to the Hungarian stage in the Hungarian Language.", "Q182665": "James Newell Osterberg Jr. (born April 21, 1947), better known as Iggy Pop, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, and actor. Designated the \"Godfather of Punk\", he was the vocalist and lyricist of influential proto-punk band the Stooges, who were formed in 1967 and have disbanded and reunited multiple times since.Initially playing a raw, primitive style of rock and roll, the band sold few records in their original incarnation and gained a reputation for their confrontational performances, which often involved acts of self-mutilation by Pop. He had a long collaborative and personal friendship with David Bowie over the course of his career, beginning with the Stooges' album Raw Power in 1973. With both musicians having relocated to West Berlin to wean themselves off their respective drug addictions, Pop began his solo career by collaborating with Bowie on the 1977 albums The Idiot and Lust for Life with Pop usually contributing the lyrics. Throughout his career, Pop is well known for his outrageous and unpredictable stage antics, poetic lyrics and distinctive voice. He was one of the first performers to do a stage-dive and popularized the activity. Pop, who traditionally (but not exclusively) performs bare-chested, also performed such stage theatrics as rolling around in broken glass and exposing himself to the crowd.Pop's music has encompassed a number of styles over the course of his career, including garage rock, punk rock, hard rock, heavy metal, art rock, new wave, jazz, blues, and electronic. Though his popularity has fluctuated through the years, many of Pop's songs have become well known, including \"Search and Destroy\" and \"I Wanna Be Your Dog\" by the Stooges, and his solo hits \"Lust for Life\", \"The Passenger\" and \"Real Wild Child (Wild One)\". In 1990, he recorded his first and only Top 40 U.S. hit, \"Candy\", a duet with B-52's singer Kate Pierson. Pop's song China Girl became more widely known when it was re-recorded by co-writer Bowie, who released it as the second single from his most commercially successful album, Let's Dance (1983). The UK single release of Bowie's version reached No. 2 for one week on 14 June 1983, while the US release reached No. 10. Bowie re-recorded and performed many of Iggy's songs throughout his career.\nAlthough Pop has had limited commercial success, he has remained both a culture icon and a significant influence on a wide range of musicians in numerous genres. The Stooges' album Raw Power has proved an influence on artists such as Sex Pistols, the Smiths, the Sisters of Mercy, Red Hot Chili Peppers, and Nirvana. His solo album The Idiot has been cited as a major influence on a number of post-punk, electronic and industrial artists including Depeche Mode, Nine Inch Nails and Joy Division, and was described by Siouxsie Sioux as a \"re-affirmation that our suspicions were true: the man is a genius.\" He was inducted as part of the Stooges into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010.\n\n", "Q1425428": "Newcastle upon Tyne (, locally (listen)), commonly known as Newcastle, is a city in Tyne and Wear, North East England, 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh and 277 miles (446 km) north of London on the northern bank of the River Tyne, 8.5 mi (13.7 km) from the North Sea. Newcastle is the most populous city in the North East, and forms the core of the Tyneside conurbation, the eighth most populous urban area in the United Kingdom. Newcastle is a member of the UK Core Cities Group and is a member of the Eurocities network of European cities.Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it became a county of itself, a status it retained until becoming part of Tyne and Wear in 1974. The regional nickname and dialect for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area is Geordie. Newcastle also houses Newcastle University, a member of the Russell Group, as well as Northumbria University. Newcastle is member of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.\nThe city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius and was named after the castle built in 1080 by Robert Curthose, William the Conqueror's eldest son. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade in the 14th century, and later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the River Tyne, was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres.\nNewcastle's economy includes corporate headquarters, learning, digital technology, retail, tourism and cultural centres, from which the city contributes \u00a313 billion towards the United Kingdom's GVA. Among its icons are Newcastle United football club and the Tyne Bridge. Since 1981 the city has hosted the Great North Run, a half marathon which attracts over 57,000 runners each year.\n\n", "Q146141": "Hans Christian Andersen is a 1952 Hollywood musical film directed by Charles Vidor, with lyrics and music by Frank Loesser. The story was by Myles Connolly, the screenplay was written by Moss Hart and Ben Hecht (uncredited), and Samuel Goldwyn Productions were the producers. It stars Danny Kaye.\nThe film was inspired by the life of 19th-century Danish poet and scholar Hans Christian Andersen, who wrote many world-famous fairy tales. But the story is romantic fiction, not a biography. The introduction describes it as \"not the story of his life, but a fairy tale about this great spinner of fairy tales.\" Kaye, in the title role, portrays Andersen as a small-town cobbler with a childlike heart and a vivid imagination.\nA large part of the narrative is told through song and ballet and includes many of the real Andersen's most famous stories, such as The Ugly Duckling, Thumbelina, The Emperor's New Clothes and The Little Mermaid. The film was an international success at the time of its release.", "Q1560606": "William Lee Cazort, Sr. (December 3, 1887 \u2013 October 6, 1969), was a lawyer and Democratic politician from Johnson County in the Arkansas River Valley. Winning a seat in the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1915, Cazort became a rising star in Arkansas politics for the next eight years. He was defeated in the 1924 Democratic gubernatorial primary, but served as the fifth and seventh Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas from 1929 to 1931 under Governor Harvey Parnell and from 1933 to 1937 under Governor Junius Marion Futrell. Cazort also sought the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1930 and 1936, but failed to gain necessary statewide support and withdrew before the primary both times.", "Q87095": "Karl Emil Lischke (30 December 1819 in Stettin \u2013 14 January 1886 in Bonn) was a German lawyer, politician, diplomat, and amateur naturalist. He is best known for his contributions to malacology (study of molluscs).\nLischke was born in 1819 in Stettin, then a city in the German Empire, now the capital city of West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. He studied law in Berlin, then returned to Stettin and was appointed a magistrate in 1840. In 1847 he served as a military attach\u00e9 to the Prussian ambassador to the United States of America in Washington, D.C. Lischke was mayor of Elberfeld from 3 December 1850 to 1 January 1873.\nThroughout his life Lischke maintained a keen interest in natural sciences, particularly in the study of molluscs. He was particularly interested in the mollusc species of Japan. \nHis daughter Emmy Lischke (1860-1919) was a German painter known for her landscapes and still lifes.", "Q504185": "Nicolas Achten (born 25 September 1985 in Brussels) is a Belgian conductor, singer, lutenist, and harpist mainly working in historically informed performance.\nAchten is a visiting professor at the University of East Anglia and at the Flanders Operastudio.", "Q231417": "Barbara Jill Walters (born September 25, 1929) is an American broadcast journalist, author, and television personality. Respected for her interviewing ability and popularity with viewers, Walters appeared as the host of numerous television programs, including Today, The View, 20/20, and the ABC Evening News. Since retiring as a full-time host and contributor, she continued to occasionally report for ABC News through 2015.Walters began her career on The Today Show in the early 1960s as a writer and segment producer of women's interest stories. Her popularity with viewers resulted in Walters receiving more airtime, and in 1974 she became co-host of the program, the first woman to hold such a title on an American news program. In 1976, she continued to be a pioneer for women in broadcasting by becoming the first female co-anchor of a network evening news program, alongside Harry Reasoner on the ABC Evening News. From 1979 to 2004, Walters worked as a producer and co-host on the ABC newsmagazine 20/20. She also became known for an annual special aired on ABC, Barbara Walters' 10 Most Fascinating People.\nWalters also created, produced, and co-hosted the ABC daytime talk show The View, on which she appeared from 1997 until her retirement in 2014. Thereafter, she continued to host a number of special reports for 20/20 as well as documentary series for Investigation Discovery. Her final on-air appearance for ABC News was in 2015.In 1996, Walters was ranked #34 on the TV Guide \"50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time\" list, and in 2000 she received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences.", "Q229258": "Virginia Cathryn \"Gena\" Rowlands (born June 19, 1930) is an American actress, whose career in film, stage, and television has spanned over six decades. A four-time Emmy and two-time Golden Globe winner, she is known for her collaborations with her late actor-director husband John Cassavetes in ten films, including A Woman Under the Influence (1974) and Gloria (1980), which earned her nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She also won the Silver Bear for Best Actress for Opening Night (1977). She is also known for her performances in Woody Allen's Another Woman (1988), and her son, Nick Cassavettes' film, The Notebook (2004). In November 2015, Rowlands received an Honorary Academy Award in recognition of her unique screen performances.", "Q59931": "Garden State is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film, written and directed by Zach Braff and starring Braff, Natalie Portman, Peter Sarsgaard, and Ian Holm. The film centers on Andrew Largeman (Braff), a 26-year-old actor/waiter who returns to his hometown in New Jersey after his mother dies. Braff based the film on his real life experiences. It was filmed in April and May 2003 and released on July 28, 2004. New Jersey was the main setting and primary shooting location. Garden State received positive reviews upon its release and has garnered a cult following. It was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival. The film also spawned a soundtrack for which Braff, who picked the music himself, won a Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.", "Q1111208": "Zaynab bint Ali (Arabic: \u0632\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0628 \u0671\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u062a \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u200e, Zaynab ibnat \u02bfAl\u012by), also spelled Zainab, was the daughter of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Fatimah bint Muhammad. The Islamic Prophet Muhammad was her maternal grandfather, and thus she is a member of his Ahl al-Bayt. She is often revered not only for her characteristics and actions, but also for her membership in, and continuation of, the biological line of Muhammad. Like other members of her family, she is considered to be a figure of sacrifice, strength, and piety in both the Sunni and Shia sects of Islam. \nZaynab married \u2018Abdullah ibn Ja\u2018far and had four sons and one daughter with him. When her brother, Husayn, fought against Yazid ibn Mu\u2018awiyah in 680 CE (AH 61), Zaynab accompanied him. She played an important role in protecting her nephew, \u2018Ali ibn Al-Husayn, and because of this, she became known as the \"Heroine of Karbala\". Zaynab died in 681 CE, and her mosque is located in Damascus, Syria.", "Q236378": "Jacqueline Marie \"Jackie\" Evancho ( ee-VANG-koh; born April 9, 2000) is an American classical crossover singer who gained wide recognition at an early age. Since 2009, she has issued a platinum-selling EP and eight albums, including three Billboard 200 top 10 debuts. She has also been the subject of three solo PBS concert specials.\nBetween 2008 and 2010, Evancho entered talent competitions, sang the US national anthem at a Pittsburgh Pirates baseball game, issued her first album, Prelude to a Dream, and attracted interest on YouTube. In 2010, at the age of ten, she gained wide notice with her 2nd-place finish in the fifth season of America's Got Talent. With the 2010 holiday release of her O Holy Night EP, Evancho became the best-selling debut artist of 2010, the youngest top-10 debut artist in US history and the youngest solo artist ever to go platinum in the US. In 2011, her first full-length album, Dream with Me debuted at No. 2 on the Billboard 200 chart, and she became the youngest top-5 debut artist in UK history. Billboard ranked Evancho the top Classical Albums Artist for 2011. Later that year, Evancho released a full-length holiday album, Heavenly Christmas, and became the youngest person ever to give a solo concert at Lincoln Center in New York City as part of her first concert tour.\nIn 2012, Evancho released Songs from the Silver Screen, her third top-10 album debut. In 2013 she headlined benefit concerts at Carnegie Hall and elsewhere. She also appeared in the 2013 Robert Redford film The Company You Keep and modeled for Guess Kids clothing. Later album releases include Awakening (2014), Someday at Christmas (2016), Two Hearts (2017) and The Debut (2019, her eighth consecutive release to reach No. 1 on the US classical albums chart). In 2017, Evancho performed the US national anthem at the presidential inauguration of Donald Trump and became the youngest person ever to perform a concert series at Caf\u00e9 Carlyle. As of 2019, she continues to tour.", "Q4019920": "William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling (c. 1567 in Menstrie, Clackmannanshire \u2013 12 February 1640) was a Scottish courtier and poet who was involved in the Scottish colonisation of Habitation at Port-Royal, Nova Scotia and Long Island, New York. His literary works include Aurora (1604), The Monarchick Tragedies (1604) and Doomes-Day (1614, 1637).", "Q294901": "David Stephen Caruso (born January 7, 1956) is an American actor and producer, best known for his roles as Detective John Kelly on the ABC crime drama NYPD Blue, and Lieutenant Horatio Caine on the CBS series CSI: Miami (2002-2012). He also appeared in the films An Officer and a Gentleman, First Blood (both 1982), Twins (1988), Kiss of Death (1995) and Proof of Life (2000).", "Q3376446": "Peter Barr (1826\u20131909) was a Scottish nurseryman and merchant, best known for daffodils.", "Q61276": "Count Andrey Ivanovich Osterman (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d) (9 June 1686 \u2013 31 May 1747) was a German-born Russian statesman who came to prominence under Tsar Peter I of Russia (Peter the Great) and served until the accession of the Tsesarevna Elizabeth. His foreign policy was based upon the Austrian alliance. General Admiral (1740; dismissed 1741).", "Q95491": "Horst H\u00e4chler (born 1926) is a German actor, film producer and director. He was married to the actress Maria Schell from 1957 to 1965.\n\n", "Q112510": "Walter Pfrimer (born 22 December 1881 in Marburg an der Drau \u2013 died 31 May 1968 in Judenburg) was an Austrian politician and leader of the Heimwehr in Styria. He was the leader of a failed putsch in 1931.\n\n", "Q154545": "L\u00e9opold S\u00e9dar Senghor (; French: [s\u0251\u0303\u0261\u0254\u0281]; 9 October 1906 \u2013 20 December 2001) was a Senegalese poet, politician and cultural theorist who, for two decades, served as the first president of Senegal (1960\u201380). Ideologically an African socialist, he was the major theoretician of N\u00e9gritude. Senghor was also the founder of the Senegalese Democratic Bloc party.\nSenghor was the first African elected as a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise. He is regarded by many as one of the most important African intellectuals of the 20th century.", "Q20437094": "Installation art is an artistic genre of three-dimensional works that are often site-specific and designed to transform the perception of a space. Generally, the term is applied to interior spaces, whereas exterior interventions are often called public art, land art or intervention art; however, the boundaries between these terms overlap.", "Q809028": "Barry John Everitt FRS, FMedSci, ScD, was Master of Downing College, Cambridge and is Professor of Behavioural Neuroscience and Director of Research at the University of Cambridge. He is Provost of the Gates Cambridge Trust at Cambridge University.", "Q37030": "Paul Thomas Mann (UK: MAN, US: MAHN; German: [\u02c8pa\u028a\u032fl \u02c8to\u02d0mas \u02c8man]; 6 June 1875 \u2013 12 August 1955) was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. His highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas are noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual. His analysis and critique of the European and German soul used modernized versions of German and Biblical stories, as well as the ideas of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Nietzsche and Arthur Schopenhauer.\nMann was a member of the Hanseatic Mann family and portrayed his family and class in his first novel, Buddenbrooks. His older brother was the radical writer Heinrich Mann and three of Mann's six children, Erika Mann, Klaus Mann and Golo Mann, also became significant German writers. When Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, Mann fled to Switzerland. When World War II broke out in 1939, he moved to the United States, then returned to Switzerland in 1952. Mann is one of the best-known exponents of the so-called Exilliteratur, German literature written in exile by those who opposed the Hitler regime.\nMann's work influenced many later authors, including Heinrich B\u00f6ll, Joseph Heller, Yukio Mishima.", "Q66519": "Walter Sedlmayr (6 January 1926 \u2013 14 July 1990) was a popular German stage, television, and film actor from Bavaria. His murder in 1990 was widely publicized.", "Q144756": "Let the Right One In (Swedish: L\u00e5t den r\u00e4tte komma in) is a 2008 Swedish romantic horror film directed by Tomas Alfredson, based on the 2004 novel of the same title by John Ajvide Lindqvist, who also wrote the screenplay. The film tells the story of a bullied 12-year-old boy who develops a friendship with a vampire child in Blackeberg, a suburb of Stockholm, in the early 1980s. Alfredson, unconcerned with the horror and vampire conventions, decided to tone down many elements of the novel and focus primarily on the relationship between the two main characters and explore the darker side of humanity. Selecting the lead actors involved a year-long process with open castings held all over Sweden. In the end, the 11-year-olds K\u00e5re Hedebrant and Lina Leandersson were chosen for the leading roles. They were subsequently commended by both Alfredson and film reviewers for their performances.\nThe film received critical acclaim and won several awards, including the \"Founders Award for Best Narrative Feature\" at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival and the European Fantastic Film Festivals Federation's 2008 M\u00e9li\u00e8s d'Or (Golden M\u00e9li\u00e8s) for the \"Best European Fantastic Feature Film\", as well as four Guldbagge Awards from the Swedish Film Institute and the Saturn Award for Best International Film.\n\n", "Q1596190": "Heiner Stadler (April 9, 1942 \u2013 February 18, 2018) was a jazz composer, record producer, pianist and arranger whose work has traversed genres including jazz, blues and country, baroque, classical, romantic and contemporary classical music. He was also the founder and CEO of Labor Records, distributed by Naxos Records.", "Q3262427": "Louis Lagass\u00e9 (born December 14, 1947) is a Canadian businessman, notary, investor, and philanthropist. In 2004, he was made a member of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest civilian honor. Lagass\u00e9 is best known for founding several companies including C-MAC Industries, CELL Foods Inc., Media5 Corporation, MSBI Capital Inc and Mediatrix, a software production company and advanced IP telephony equipment production company. In 1995, Lagass\u00e9 has created JA Louis Lagass\u00e9 Foundation, to promote and develop the arts, music, philanthropy, science and culture and to support any effort to popularize and initiation in these and areas, primarily in the region.He received the Merit Estrien in 2008. He received the Gold Medal of the Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II in 2002, the Medal for the 125th Anniversary of Canada (2000), Medal of Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee (2012), Medal of Honor of the House of Notaires (2011). He also invested in several projects, including the acquisition of the Granada Theatre in the City of Sherbrooke.\n\n", "Q261546": "Fahrenheit 451 is a 1966 British dystopian drama film directed by Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut and starring Oskar Werner, Julie Christie, and Cyril Cusack. Based on the 1953 novel of the same name by Ray Bradbury, the film takes place in a controlled society in an oppressive future, in which the government sends out firemen to destroy all literature to prevent revolution and thinking. This was Truffaut's first colour film and his only English-language film. At the 1966 Venice Film Festival, Fahrenheit 451 was nominated for the Golden Lion.", "Q365052": "Ron Gilbert is an American video-game designer, programmer, and producer. His games are generally focused on interactive storytelling, and he is arguably best known for his work on several LucasArts adventure games, including Maniac Mansion and the first two Monkey Island games.\nWhile a student in 1983, he co-wrote Graphics BASIC and he then worked on action games for HESware, which went out of business. He afterwards joined Lucasfilm Games (later LucasArts), and was given the opportunity to develop his own games. He invented SCUMM, a technology used in many subsequent games. After leaving LucasArts, Gilbert co-founded the children\u2019s gaming company Humongous Entertainment in 1992 and its sister company Cavedog Entertainment in 1995, where he produced games such as Total Annihilation for adults.\nHe cofounded Hulabee Entertainment with Shelley Day, releasing children\u2019s games between 2001 and 2003. After working with Beep Games between 2004 and 2007, he was creative director at Vancouver-based Hothead Games development studio between 2008 and 2010, also doing some work for Telltale Games and with Penny Arcade. In 2013, he announced that he would move on from Double Fine Productions, after releasing the game The Cave with them. In 2017, he announced Thimbleweed Park with Terrible Toybox, serving as writer, designer, and programmer since 2014.", "Q61510": "Gottfried John (German: [\u02c8jo\u02d0n]; 29 August 1942 \u2013 1 September 2014) was a German stage, screen, and voice actor. A long-time collaborator of Rainer Werner Fassbinder, John appeared in many of the filmmaker's projects between 1975 and his death in 1982, including Mother K\u00fcsters Goes to Heaven, Despair, The Marriage of Maria Braun, and Berlin Alexanderplatz. His distinctive, gaunt appearance saw him he frequently cast as villains, and he is best known to audiences for his role as the corrupt General Arkady Ourumov in the 1995 James Bond film GoldenEye, and for his comedic turn as Julius Caesar in Asterix & Obelix Take On Caesar, the latter for which he won the Bavarian Film Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q266229": "Edwige Fenech (French: [\u025bdvi\u0292 f\u0259n\u025b\u0283], Italian: [ed\u02c8vi\u0292 fe\u02c8n\u025bk, - \u02c8f\u025b\u02d0nek]; born Edwige Sfenek on 24 December 1948) is an Italian actress and film producer. She is mostly known as the star of a series of commedia sexy all'italiana and giallo films released in the 1970s, which turned her into a sex symbol.", "Q953440": "Richard D'Oyly Carte (; 3 May 1844 \u2013 3 April 1901) was an English talent agent, theatrical impresario, composer and hotelier during the latter half of the Victorian era. He built two of London's theatres and a hotel empire, while also establishing an opera company that ran continuously for over a hundred years and a management agency representing some of the most important artists of the day.\nCarte started his career working for his father, Richard Carte, in the music publishing and musical instrument manufacturing business. As a young man he conducted and composed music, but he soon turned to promoting the entertainment careers of others through his management agency. Carte believed that a school of wholesome, well-crafted, family-friendly, English comic opera could be as popular as the risqu\u00e9 French works dominating the London musical stage in the 1870s. To that end he brought together the dramatist W. S. Gilbert and composer Arthur Sullivan and nurtured their collaboration on a series of thirteen Savoy operas. He founded the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company and built the state-of-the-art Savoy Theatre to host the Gilbert and Sullivan operas.\nEight years after opening the Savoy Theatre, Carte built the Savoy Hotel next to it, and later acquired other luxury hotels. In 1891 he erected the Palace Theatre, London (originally called the Royal English Opera House), which he intended to be the home of a new school of English grand opera, but this ambition was not realised beyond the production of a single work by Sullivan, Ivanhoe. Nevertheless, his partnership with Gilbert and Sullivan, and his careful management of their operas and relationship, created a series of works whose success was unprecedented in the history of musical theatre. His opera company, later run by his widow Helen and then by his son, Rupert, and granddaughter, Bridget, promoted those works for more than a century, and they are still performed regularly today.", "Q15936306": "Eternal Music Production Co., Ltd. (Chinese: \u51cc\u6642\u5dee\u97f3\u6a02\u88fd\u4f5c\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8) is a Taiwanese record label and entertainment company founded by Taiwanese talent manager Ke Fu-hung and singer Jolin Tsai in 2009 in Taipei, Taiwan. It manages Tsai's day-to-day business affairs and coordinates the production and enforcement of copyright for her sound recordings and music concerts.", "Q1052331": "Cecil McBee (born May 19, 1935) is an American jazz bassist. He has recorded as a leader only a handful of times since the 1970s, but has contributed as a sideman to a number of jazz albums.", "Q1780986": "Nils Claus Ihlen (24 July 1855 - 22 March 1925) was a Norwegian engineer and politician for the Liberal Party. He served as foreign minister of Norway between 1913 and 1920.\n\n", "Q697741": "Dragan Velikii\u0107 (Belgrade, 7 July 1953) is a Serbian novelist, short story wtiter, essayist and former Ambasador to Austria. He's one of the best known writers of modern Serbia. His influences include Gaito Gazdanov, Mikhail Bulgakov, Constantine P. Cavafy, Ivo Andri\u0107 and Aleksandar Ti\u0161ma among other authors. Velki\u0107's best known works are the novels Ruski prozor and Islednik, for both of which he won the NIN award.", "Q58391": "The Shins is an American indie rock band formed in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1996. The band's current lineup consists of James Mercer (vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards, songwriter), Jon Sortland (drums), Mark Watrous (guitar, keyboards), Casey Foubert (guitar), Yuuki Matthews (bass, keyboards), and Patti King (keyboards). The band is based in Portland, Oregon.\nThe band was formed by Mercer as a side project to Flake Music, who were active from 1992 to 1999. Flake Music released two 7\" singles and a full-length album When You Land Here It's Time to Return on Omnibus Records and were touring with Modest Mouse when they were signed to Sub Pop Records. The band's first two records, Oh, Inverted World (2001) and Chutes Too Narrow (2003) performed well commercially and received critical acclaim. The single \"New Slang\" brought the band mainstream attention when it was featured in the 2004 film Garden State. Consequently, the band's third album, Wincing the Night Away (2007), was a major success for the group, peaking at number two on the Billboard 200 and earning a Grammy Award nomination.\nFollowing this, the Shins signed to Columbia Records and Mercer parted ways with the entire original lineup, deeming it \"an aesthetic decision\". Following a near five-year hiatus, Port of Morrow, the band's fourth studio album, was released in 2012. Their fifth album, Heartworms, was released in March 2017.", "Q282805": "Mladen Urem (born 16 April 1964) is a literary critic, author and editor.Urem was born in Rijeka, Croatia, where he received his B. Sc. in radiology from the Medical School in Rijeka and also a B. A. in the Croatian language and literature from the Faculty of Philosophy.\nDuring 1980-82, he was a singer and a guitarist with a new-wave & punk rock group Isto\u010dni izlaz (The Eastern Exit). His name appears in The Little Encyclopaedia of Croatian Pop and Rock Music (1994).\nHe was the literary editor of the Val journal (The Wave, 1985\u20131989), founder and editor-in-chief of the Rival literary magazine (1988\u20132000) and also of the Biblioteka Val \u2014 an original titles series (since 1987). He co-founded the philological magazine Fluminensia (1989), founded and served as the editor-in-chief in the Su\u0161a\u010dka revija culture magazine (1993\u20131995) and as the editor-in-chief of the journal called Dometi (1996).\nIn the war-edition of the Rival (1-4/1991), Urem published the first retrospection of the Croatian literary works written on the frontlines at the beginning of the Croatian War of Independence (1991\u20131995).\nDuring its thirteen years of existence, the Rival featured 800 authors and their works from the fields of Croatian and world literature and arts. During that period, the magazine presented many of the phenomena in the 90s world culture, as well as the authors that would later receive important awards and honours (the Nobel Prize for V. S. Naipaul and many other authors and prizes) and was considered one of the most significant Croatian journals. The Rival magazine also published the English translations of the Croatian literary texts and developed a substantial collaboration with various world magazines and journals published in English.\nHe has authored the following titles: Rije\u010dki krug redom (1987), Pogledom u rije\u010d (1987), Janko Poli\u0107 Kamov \u2014 Selected Short Stories and Poems (1997), Dan velikih valova (prose and poetry by the Rival-generation, with the complete Rival bibliography 1988-2000, as well as the 1987-2001 series, co-authored with Goran U\u0161ljebrka and Milan Zagorac, 2001), Pavica Julija Kaftani\u0107 (co-authored with Boris Zako\u0161ek, Lovorka Ruck and Igor \u017dic, 2005), Southerly Thoughts and Other Stories (An Anthology of Croatian Short Stories by Ksaver \u0160andor Gjalski, Janko Poli\u0107 Kamov, Miroslav Krle\u017ea, Vladan Desnica, Ranko Marinkovi\u0107, Slobodan Novak, Ivan Aralica, Ivan Slamnig, Antun \u0160oljan and Nedjeljko Fabrio \u2014 selection by Mladen Urem, Damir Bili\u010di\u0107 and \u017delimir Galjani\u0107, 2005) and Janko Poli\u0107 Kamov, Dora Maar i hrvatska avangarda (Janko Poli\u0107 Kamov, Dora Maar and Croatian Avantgarde, 2006).\nMany of his essays and studies concerning the topics from the contemporary Croatian literature, especially studies of writer Janko Poli\u0107 Kamov (Rijeka 1886 \u2013 Barcelona 1910), his life and work, have appeared in various American and Croatian periodicals. In collaboration with Dolores \u010ciki\u0107 and Boris Zako\u0161ek, he explored Dora Maar's genealogy for the Parisian Andriveau, also publishing the findings in the Croatian daily Ve\u010dernji list, as well as in the book Dora Maar - zato\u010denica pogleda (Dora Maar: Prisonniere du regard) by Alicia Dujovne Ortiz (Zagreb, 2004).\nUrem is frequent a contributor to the US literary journals Grand Street (New York City), Partisan Review (Boston), World Literature Today (Norman, Oklahoma) and Corner (Oakland, California), in which he has also published various works by the Croatian writers Janko Poli\u0107 Kamov, Miroslav Krle\u017ea, Ivo Andri\u0107 and Ivan Goran Kova\u010di\u0107. He has collaborated with the famous US authors and editors Deborah Treisman (1971), William Phillips (1907\u20132002), Robert Bingham (1966\u20131999) and others, as well as with the esteemed British historian Lucy Hughes-Hallett (1953).\nUrem has published almost 200 texts concerning the field of Croatian literature, and edited as many books. On more than one occasion has he been a member of the jury for the literary awards Drago Gervais and Nagrada grada Rijeke (The City of Rijeka Award). He is a member of the Croatian PEN Center in Zagreb and works at the Rijeka State Archives, managing its Library and Publishing Department.", "Q82853": "Prof. L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Iv\u00e1n (9 May 1933 \u2013 16 January 2020) was a Hungarian psychiatrist, neurologist, geriatrician, academic and politician who was a member of the National Assembly (MP) from Fidesz Borsod-Aba\u00faj-Zempl\u00e9n County Regional List from 2010 to 2014. He was also Member of Parliament from Fidesz National List between 2006 and 2010.", "Q726388": "Mortimer Taube (December 6, 1910 \u2013 September 3, 1965) was an American librarian. He is on the list of the 100 most important leaders in Library and Information Science of the 20th century. He was important to the Library Science field because he invented Coordinate Indexing, which uses \u201cuniterms\u201d in the context of cataloging. It is the forerunner to computer based searches. In the early 1950s he started his own company, Documentation, Inc. with Gerald J. Sophar. Previously he worked at such institutions as the Library of Congress, the Department of Defense, and the Atomic Energy Commission. American Libraries calls him \u201can innovator and inventor, as well as scholar and savvy businessman.\u201d Current Biography called him the \u201cDewey of mid-twentieth Librarianship.\u201d Mortimer Taube was a very active man with varying interests such as tennis, philosophy, sailing, music, and collecting paintings.", "Q67161": "Realp (archaic Urnerdeutsch: Frialp) is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.", "Q15291": "The Rigi (or Mount Rigi; also known as Queen of the Mountains) is a mountain massif of the Alps, located in Central Switzerland. The whole massif is almost entirely surrounded by the water of three different water bodies: Lake Lucerne, Lake Zug and Lake Lauerz. The range is in the Schwyzer Alps, and is split between the cantons of Schwyz and Lucerne, although the main summit, named Rigi Kulm, at 1,798 meters above sea level, lies within the canton of Schwyz.\nThe Rigi Kulm and other areas, such as the resort of Rigi Kaltbad, are served by Europe's oldest mountain railways, the Rigi Railways. The whole area offers many activities such as skiing or sledging in the winter, and hiking in the summer.", "Q3266899": "Luis \u00c1lvaro de Oliveira Ribeiro (December 16, 1942 \u2013 August 16, 2016), commonly known as LAOR, was a Brazilian businessman of the real estate industry. He was president of Santos FC from 2009 to 2014.", "Q1228431": "Dischord Records is a Washington, D.C.-based independent record label specializing in punk rock. The label is co-owned by Ian MacKaye and Jeff Nelson, who founded Dischord in 1980 to release Minor Disturbance by The Teen Idles. With other independent American labels such as Twin/Tone, Touch and Go Records, and SST Records, Dischord helped to spearhead the nationwide network of underground bands that formed the 1980s indie-rock scene. These labels presided over the shift from the hardcore punk that then dominated the American underground scene to the more diverse styles of alternative rock that were emerging.The label is most notable for employing the do-it-yourself ethic, producing all of its albums and selling them at discount prices without finance from major distributors. Dischord continues to release records by bands from Washington D.C., and to document and support the Washington D.C. music scene. As of October 2016, the label employs four people.Dischord was a local label in the early days of hardcore, and is one of the more famous independent labels, along with the likes of Alternative Tentacles, Epitaph Records, SST Records, and Touch & Go Records.The logo of the label was created by Nelson, who has an associate degree in advertising design.", "Q1432632": "The University of Reading is a public university located in Reading, Berkshire, England. It was founded in 1892 as University College, Reading, a University of Oxford extension college. The institution received the power to grant its own degrees in 1926 by royal charter from King George V and was the only university to receive such a charter between the two world wars. The university is usually categorised as a red brick university, reflecting its original foundation in the 19th century.Reading has four major campuses. In the United Kingdom, the campuses on London Road and Whiteknights are based in the town of Reading itself, and Greenlands is based on the banks of the River Thames, Buckinghamshire. It also has a campus in Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia. The university has been arranged into 16 academic schools since 2016. The annual income of the institution for 2016\u201317 was \u00a3275.3 million of which \u00a335.4 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3297.5 million.In worldwide rankings, Reading is ranked 195th by QS World University Rankings 2020, 201-250 by Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2020 and 90th by CWTS Leiden Ranking 2020. 98% of the university's research is labelled as 'internationally recognised', 78% as 'internationally excellent and 27% as 'world leading'. It was the first university to win a Queen's Award for Export Achievement, in 1989. In 2019 it was reported that the university was within the top 100 employers for LGBT+ people.", "Q7063262": "Notorious Woman is a 1974 BBC television serial based on the life of the French author George Sand. It starred Rosemary Harris in the title role. The seven episodes were written by Harry W. Junkin and directed by Waris Hussein.\nIn the United States, the series was broadcast in 1975\u20131976 as part of the fifth season of Masterpiece Theatre on PBS.", "Q704897": "Alan Woods (born 23 October 1944) is a British Trotskyist political theorist and author. He is one of the leading members of the International Marxist Tendency (IMT) as well as of its British affiliate group Socialist Appeal. He is political editor of the IMT's In Defence of Marxism website. Woods was a leading supporter within the Militant tendency within the Labour Party and its parent group the Committee for a Workers' International until the early 1990s. A series of disagreements on tactics and theory led to Woods and Ted Grant leaving the CWI, to found the Committee for a Marxist International (soon renamed International Marxist Tendency) in 1992. They continued with the policy of entryism into the Labour Party. Woods has expressed particularly vocal support for the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela, and repeatedly met with the Venezuelan President Hugo Ch\u00e1vez (in office 1999\u20132013), leading to speculation that he was a close political adviser to the president.\n\n", "Q357786": "Harris Glenn Milstead (October 19, 1945 \u2013 March 7, 1988), better known by his stage name Divine, was an American actor, singer, and drag queen. Closely associated with the independent filmmaker John Waters, Divine was a character actor, usually performing female roles in cinematic and theatrical productions, and adopted a female drag persona for his music career.\nBorn in Baltimore, Maryland, to a conservative middle-class family, Milstead developed an early interest in drag while working as a women's hairdresser. By the mid-1960s he had embraced the city's countercultural scene and befriended Waters, who gave him the name \"Divine\" and the tagline of \"the most beautiful woman in the world, almost.\" Along with his friend David Lochary, Divine joined Waters' acting troupe, the Dreamlanders, and adopted female roles for their experimental short films Roman Candles (1966), Eat Your Makeup (1968), and The Diane Linkletter Story (1969). Again in drag, he took a lead role in both of Waters' early full-length movies, Mondo Trasho (1969) and Multiple Maniacs (1970), the latter of which began to attract press attention for the group. Divine next starred in Waters' Pink Flamingos (1972), which proved a hit on the U.S. midnight movie circuit, became a cult classic, and established Divine's fame within the American counterculture.\nAfter starring as the lead role in Waters' next film, Female Trouble (1974), Divine moved on to theater, appearing in several avant-garde performances alongside San Francisco drag collective, The Cockettes. He followed this with a performance in Tom Eyen's play Women Behind Bars and its sequel, The Neon Woman. Continuing his cinematic work, he starred in two more of Waters' films, Polyester (1981) and Hairspray (1988), the latter of which represented his breakthrough into mainstream cinema. Independent of Waters, he also appeared in a number of other films, such as Lust in the Dust (1985) and Trouble in Mind (1985), seeking to diversify his repertoire by playing male roles. In 1981, Divine embarked on a career in the disco industry by producing a number of Hi-NRG tracks, most of which were written by Bobby Orlando. He achieved international chart success with hits like \"You Think You're a Man\", \"I'm So Beautiful\", and \"Walk Like a Man\", all of which were performed in drag. Having struggled with obesity throughout his life, he died from cardiomegaly, shortly after the release of Hairspray.\nDescribed by People magazine as the \"Drag Queen of the Century\", Divine has remained a cult figure, particularly within the LGBT community, and has provided the inspiration for fictional characters, artworks, and songs. Various books and documentary films devoted to his life have also been produced, including Divine Trash (1998) and I Am Divine (2013).", "Q109130": "Percival Noel James Patterson, ON, PC, QC (born 10 April 1935), is a Jamaican former politician who served as the sixth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1992 to 2005. He was the leader of the People's National Party from 1992 to 2005, and the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Westmoreland South Eastern from 1970 to 1980 (when he lost to Euphemia Williams of the Jamaica Labour Party) and again from 1989 to 1993. Following a constituency reorganization, he served as the MP for Westmoreland Eastern from 1993 to 2005. He retired from all of these positions in January 2005. He was married to Shirley Field-Ridley (d. 1982) with whom he had two children, Richard and Sharon.Cabinet positions he held during his political career include Minister of Industry and Tourism; Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade; Minister of Development, Planning and Production; Minister of Finance and Planning.\n\n", "Q327261": "Aziz Nesin (pronounced [\u02c8aziz \u02c8ne.sin ]; born Mehmet Nusret,\u00b6 20 December 1915 \u2013 6 July 1995) was a Turkish writer, humorist and the author of more than 100 books. Born in a time when Turks did not have official surnames, he had to adopt one after the Surname Law of 1934 was passed. Although his family carried the epithet \"Topalosmano\u011flu\", after an ancestor named \"Topal Osman\", he chose the surname \"Nesin\". In [[Turkish language[Turkish], Nesin? means, What are you?.\n\u0644\u06d5 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0648\u0648\u06d5 \u0644\u06d5 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646..\n\n", "Q158419": "Little Mix are a British girl group formed in 2011 during the eighth series of the British version of The X Factor. They were the first group to win the competition, and following their victory, they signed with Simon Cowell's record label Syco Music and released a cover of Damien Rice's \"Cannonball\" as their winner's single. The group is known for their strong vocals and signature harmonies, as well as their representation of female empowerment and unity. One of the most successful acts to emerge from The X Factor, the members are Jade Thirlwall, Perrie Edwards, Leigh-Anne Pinnock, and Jesy Nelson.Little Mix released their debut album DNA in 2012, which peaked inside the top 10 in ten countries including the UK and US. This made Little Mix the first girl group since the Pussycat Dolls to reach the US top five with their debut album, as well as earning the highest debut US chart position for a British girl group's first release, breaking the record previously held by the Spice Girls. The group's second album Salute (2013) became their second album to debut inside the top 10 in both the UK and US. Their third album Get Weird was released in 2015, and was certified double platinum in the UK. Their fourth album Glory Days (2016) became their first number one album in the UK, and also achieved the longest-reigning girl group number one album since the Spice Girls' debut album 20 years earlier, and the highest first week UK album sales for a girl band since 1997. The album was also certified triple platinum by the BPI. In the UK, the group has earned four number-one singles, including \"Wings\", \"Black Magic\" and \"Shout Out to My Ex\". Their fifth studio album LM5 was released in 2018 to generally favourable reviews and was certified gold. The group have sold over 50 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling girl groups of all time.The group won Best British Single for \"Shout Out to My Ex\" at the 2017 Brit Awards and they won Best British Video for \"Woman Like Me\" at the 2019 Brit Awards; they have also received several other awards during their career, including three MTV Europe Music Awards, two Teen Choice Awards, five Global Awards, two Glamour Awards and nine Brit Award nominations. Their Glory Days Tour and Get Weird Tour are the fifth and eighth highest grossing tour for a girl group of all time, respectively, with the latter being the biggest-selling UK arena tour of 2016. As of August 2018, the group has achieved four platinum certified albums and sixteen certified singles in the UK. Little Mix appeared on Debrett's 2017 list of the most influential people in the UK, and on the Sunday Times Young Rich List for three consecutive years since 2017.\n\n", "Q119323": "Joshua Reed Giddings (October 6, 1795 \u2013 May 27, 1864) was an American attorney, politician and a prominent opponent of slavery. He represented Northeast Ohio in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1838\u201359. He was at first a member of the Whig Party and was later a Republican, helping found the party.\nGiddings is noted as a leading abolitionist of his era. He was censured in 1842 for violating the gag rule against discussing slavery in the House of Representatives when he proposed a number of Resolutions against federal support for the coastwise slave trade, in relation to the Creole case. He quickly resigned, but was overwhelmingly re-elected by his Ohio constituents in a special election to fill the vacant seat. He returned to the House and served a total of nearly twenty more years as representative.", "Q969910": "Captain Thomas Drummond (10 October 1797 \u2013 15 April 1840), from Edinburgh was a Scottish army officer, civil engineer and senior public official. He used the Drummond light which was employed in the trigonometrical survey of Great Britain and Ireland. He is sometimes mistakenly given credit for the invention of limelight, at the expense of Sir Goldsworthy Gurney. It was Drummond, however, who realised its value in surveying.", "Q233566": "Charlaine Harris Schulz (born November 25, 1951) is an American author who specializes in mysteries. She is best known for the adaptations of her series The Southern Vampire Mysteries, which was adapted as the TV series True Blood. The television show was a critical and financial success for HBO, running seven seasons, from 2008 through 2014. A number of her books have been bestsellers and this series was translated into multiple languages and published across the globe.\nHarris was born and raised in a small town in the Mississippi River Delta area of the United States. She now lives in Texas with her husband; they have three grown children and grandchildren. She began writing from an early age, and changed from playwriting in college to writing and publishing mysteries, including several long series featuring recurring characters.", "Q116010": "Alfred \u201cFredi\u201d Lerch (born 10 April 1954 in Roggwil) is a Swiss social critic journalist and publicist.\nFrom 1982 to 2001, Lerch was editor of the Swiss weekly newspaper Die Wochenzeitung (WOZ). At that time he published a \u201ctwo-volume history of Bernese subculture between 1955 and 1970 under the title of Begerts letzte Lektion (1996) and Muellers Weg ins Paradies (2001)\u201d. From 2001 to 2006 he was a member of the Municipal \u201cLiterary Commission\u201d (Literarische Kommission) of the City of Bern. Since 2002 he works as a freelance journalist and is member of a press office called \u201cpuncto\u201d in Bern. From 2006 to 2008, he published, together with Erwin Marti, the collected works (Werkausgabe) of the Swiss writer Carl Albert Loosli. He is the founder of the nonconformism archive at the Swiss National Library.", "Q713333": "Ryan Sinn is the bassist for The Distillers. He currently resides in San Diego, California.\nSinn joined The Distillers after their first album. At the time he only played guitar, but he learned the bass parts on their previous album in four days and was asked to join the band after he auditioned. He appeared on the group's second and third albums. The band experienced some turmoil in 2005, and Sinn announced that he had left the band in August of that year. He would later return in 2018 when the band reunited.After leaving The Distillers, Sinn was recruited by Blink-182 member Tom DeLonge to join his new project, Angels & Airwaves. He played bass on the band's 2006 release We Don't Need to Whisper. However, in April 2007, rumors spread that Sinn had left Angels & Airwaves due to difficulties with the rest of the band.Sinn was playing bass with The Innocent, a thrash metal group consisting of drummer Brooks Wackerman (Bad Religion), vocalist Brandan Schieppati (Bleeding Through) and guitarist Dave Nassie (No Use for a Name). He played in a band called Blackpool in 2010. He occasionally played bass with the band Stephen Rey and the Slicks, when active. Sinn sang for Bhorelorde.\nSinn is also currently the music director for a San Diego, California-based 501(c)(3), The Free Art Foundation.", "Q184572": "Ram\u00f3n Gerardo Antonio Est\u00e9vez (born August 3, 1940), known professionally as Martin Sheen, is an American actor. He first became known for his roles in the films The Subject Was Roses (1968) and Badlands (1973), and later achieved wide recognition for his leading role in Apocalypse Now (1979), as President Josiah Bartlet in the television series The West Wing (1999\u20132006), and recently as Robert Hanson in the Netflix television series Grace and Frankie (2015\u2013present).\nIn film, Sheen has won the Best Actor award at the San Sebasti\u00e1n International Film Festival for his performance as Kit Carruthers in Badlands. Sheen's portrayal of Capt. Willard in Apocalypse Now earned a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor.\nSheen has worked with a wide variety of film directors, including Richard Attenborough, Francis Ford Coppola, Terrence Malick, David Cronenberg, Mike Nichols, Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, and Oliver Stone. Sheen received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1989. In television, Sheen has won a Golden Globe and two Screen Actors Guild awards for playing the role of President Josiah Bartlet in The West Wing, and an Emmy for guest starring in the sitcom Murphy Brown. In 2012, he portrayed Uncle Ben in The Amazing Spider-Man directed by Marc Webb.\nBorn and raised in the United States by immigrant parents, he adopted the stage name Martin Sheen to help him gain acting parts. He is the father of four children, all of whom are actors.\nSheen has directed one film, Cadence (1990), in which he appears alongside his sons Charlie and Ram\u00f3n. He has narrated, produced, and directed documentary television, earning two Daytime Emmy awards in the 1980s, and has been active in liberal politics.", "Q15285": "Monte Tamaro is a mountain of the Lugano Prealps, overlooking Lake Maggiore in the Swiss canton of Ticino. Reaching a height of 1,962 metres above sea level, it is the highest summit of the chain located between Lake Maggiore and Lake Lugano, which also includes Monte Lema. It is also the most prominent summit of the canton.", "Q35155": "Thomas Ruggles Pynchon Jr. (, commonly ; born May 8, 1937) is an American novelist. A MacArthur Fellow, he is noted for his dense and complex novels. His fiction and non-fiction writings encompass a vast array of subject matter, genres and themes, including history, music, science, and mathematics. For Gravity's Rainbow, Pynchon won the 1973 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction.Hailing from Long Island, Pynchon served two years in the United States Navy and earned an English degree from Cornell University. After publishing several short stories in the late 1950s and early 1960s, he began composing the novels for which he is best known: V. (1963), The Crying of Lot 49 (1966), and Gravity's Rainbow (1973). His 2009 novel Inherent Vice was adapted into a feature film of the same name by director Paul Thomas Anderson in 2014. Pynchon is notoriously reclusive; few photographs of him have been published, and rumors about his location and identity have circulated since the 1960s. Pynchon's most recent novel, Bleeding Edge, was published on September 17, 2013.", "Q2293085": "Miroslaw Balka (born 1958), is a contemporary Polish sculptor and video artist. He graduated from the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts in 1985. He currently works in Otwock and Warsaw, Poland.\nBalka was born in Warsaw. From 1986 to 1989, Balka worked in the group Consciousnes Neue Bieriemiennost.\nHe was the 1991 winner of the Mies van der Rohe Stipendium from the Kunstmuseum Krefeld and he is a member of Akademie der K\u00fcnste, Berlin. Balka runs the Spatial Activities Studio at the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts.\nIn 2009, Balka installed How It Is, the 10th Unilever Series commission for the Turbine Hall at Tate Modern, London, which opened on 13 October of that year.", "Q121870": "(Adolf) Friedrich von Reinhard (19 January 1726, Altstreliz \u2013 6 August 1783, Weimar) was a German jurist and publicist. He was a Pietist and supporter of Christian August Crusius.Reinhard studied law in Toru\u0144 and theology at the University of Halle. In 1744 he founded Kritische Sammlungen zur neusten Geschichte der Gelehrsamkeit. He won first prize from the Prussian Academy of Sciences for La Syst\u00e8me de Mr. Pope sur la perfection du monde compar\u00e9 \u00e0 celui de Mr. Leibniz (1755), a critique of the philosophy of Alexander Pope, Leibniz and Christian Wolff. He became professor of law at the University of B\u00fctzow in 1770.", "Q4033111": "AUSCANNZUKUS is an abbreviation for the naval Command, Control, Communications and Computers (C4) interoperability organization involving the Anglosphere nations of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It is also used as security caveat in the UKUSA Community, where it is also known as \"Five Eyes\".", "Q367889": "Allen Kearns (14 August 1894 \u2013 20 April 1956) was a Canadian-born singer and actor. He was born in Brockville, Ontario, Canada and died in Albany, New York. He played the romantic lead role in several Broadway musicals and is especially remembered for introducing two hit songs by George and Ira Gershwin: \"'S Wonderful\" (from Funny Face, 1927) and \"Embraceable You\" (from Girl Crazy, 1930).\n\n", "Q451812": "Lianne Charlotte Barnes (born 23 August 1989), known professionally as Lianne La Havas (),) is a British singer and songwriter. Her career began after being introduced to various musicians, including singer Paloma Faith, for whom she sang backing vocals. In 2010, La Havas signed to Warner Bros. Records, spending two years developing her songwriting, before releasing any music. La Havas' debut studio album, Is Your Love Big Enough? (2012), was released to positive reviews from critics and earned her a nomination for the BBC's Sound of 2012 poll and awards for the iTunes Album of The Year 2012.", "Q109124": "Karl Theodor Gaedertz (8 January 1855 in L\u00fcbeck \u2013 8 July 1912 in Berlin) was a German librarian and literary historian, best known for his writings on the Low German author Fritz Reuter.\nFrom 1876 to 1879 he studied at the universities of Leipzig and Berlin, then later worked as a librarian at the K\u00f6nigliche Bibliothek in Berlin. From 1900 to 1905 he was head librarian at the Greifswald University Library. In 1909 he returned to Berlin, where he died on 8 July 1912.", "Q106217": "Sammy Gronemann (Strasburg, Westpreu\u00dfen, 21 March 1875 - Tel Aviv, 6 March 1952) was a Jewish German author and Zionist activist.\nSamuel (Sammy) Gronemann was the son of the chief rabbi of Hannover. Gronemann became one of chief contributors to the satirical magazine Schlemiel (which ran 1903-1905, 1919-1924). He fled to Paris in 1933 after the rise of the Nazis, and immigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1936.", "Q11091542": "Zeng Zhaoyu (Chinese: \u66fe\u662d\u71cf; pinyin: Z\u0113ng Zh\u0101oy\u00f9; 27 January 1909 \u2013 22 December 1964) was a Chinese archaeologist, museologist, and politician who served as president of Nanjing Museum between 1955 and 1964.She was a member of the 2nd and 3rd National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a deputy to the 3rd National People's Congress.", "Q338355": "James Patrick Otis (March 16, 1948 \u2013 March 3, 2020) was an American film and television actor.\nBorn in Stamford, Connecticut, Otis began his film career in the 1970s, where he first appeared in the film Dragonfly in 1976, then made other films until 1998, when he made his first appearance in television. It was in Profiler, and he starred in one episode.\nIn 1999, Otis appeared in three episodes of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. In 2006, Otis appeared in the true story film The Black Dahlia, which starred Josh Hartnett and Scarlett Johansson.\nOtis also appeared in The Prestige, which starred Hugh Jackman and Christian Bale. Otis performed in numerous audio plays for Peabody-winner Yuri Rasovsky. Otis appeared in the film Nite Tales: The Movie, which was released in December 2007. Otis died on March 3, 2020 at the age of 71 following an illness.", "Q467378": "Laura Catherine Schlessinger (born January 16, 1947) is an American talk radio host and author. \"The Dr. Laura Program,\" heard weekdays for three hours on Sirius XM Radio, consists mainly of her responses to callers' requests for personal advice and often features her short monologues on social and political topics. Her website says that her show \"preaches, teaches, and nags about morals, values, and ethics.\" She is an inductee to the National Radio Hall of Fame in Chicago.\nSchlessinger used to combine her local radio career in Los Angeles with a private practice as a marriage and family counselor, but after going into national radio syndication, she concentrated her efforts on The Dr. Laura Program heard each weekday, and on writing self-help books. The books Ten Stupid Things Women Do to Mess Up Their Lives and The Proper Care and Feeding of Husbands are among her bestselling works. A short-lived television talk show hosted by Schlessinger was launched in 2000. In August 2010, she announced that she would end her syndicated radio show in December 2010. Her show moved to the \"Sirius XM Stars\" satellite radio channel on January 3, 2011. Schlessinger announced a \"multiyear\" deal to be on satellite radio. On November 5, 2018, her radio program moved to the Sirius XM \"Triumph Channel 111.\"", "Q525639": "Cornelis Floris or Cornelis (II) Floris De Vriendt (1514 \u2013 20 October 1575) was a Flemish sculptor, print artist and architect. He developed a new style, which was informed by Flemish traditions, the 16th century Italian renaissance and possibly the School of Fontainebleau. His innovations spread throughout Northern Europe where they had a major influence on the development of sculpture and architecture in the 16th and early 17th centuries.", "Q102071": "Tove Marika Jansson (Finland Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8tu\u02d0ve \u02c8j\u0251\u02d0nson] (listen); 9 August 1914 \u2013 27 June 2001) was a Swedish-speaking Finnish author, novelist, painter, illustrator and comic strip author. Brought up by artistic parents, Jansson studied art from 1930 to 1938 in Stockholm, Helsinki and Paris. Her first solo art exhibition was in 1943. At the same time, she was writing short stories and articles for publication, as well as creating the graphics for book covers and other purposes. She continued to work as an artist and a writer for the rest of her life.\nJansson wrote the Moomin books for children, starting in 1945 with The Moomins and the Great Flood. The next two books, Comet in Moominland and Finn Family Moomintroll, published in 1946 and 1948 respectively, were highly successful in sales, adding to sales of the first book. For her work as a children's writer she received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1966.Starting with the semi-autobiographical Bildhuggarens dotter (Sculptor's Daughter) in 1968, Jansson wrote six novels, including the admired Sommarboken (The Summer Book), and five books of short stories for adults.", "Q707352": "John Sidney Linnell (born June 12, 1959) is an American musician, known primarily as one half of the Brooklyn-based alternative rock band They Might Be Giants. In addition to singing and songwriting, he plays accordion, baritone and bass saxophone, clarinet, and keyboards for the group.\nLinnell's lyrics include strange subject matter and word play. Persistent themes include aging, delusional behavior, bad relationships, death, and the personification of inanimate objects. Conversely, the accompanying melodies are usually cascading and upbeat.\n\n", "Q6397066": "Shiraz ( (listen); Persian: \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0632\u200e, romanized: \u0160\u012br\u0101z [\u0283i\u02d0\u02c8r\u0252\u02d0z] (listen)) is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars Province also known as Pars (\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0633, P\u0101rs) and Persis (Persia). At the 2016 census, the population of the city was 1,869,001 and its built-up area with \"Shahr-e Jadid-e Sadra\" (Sadra New Town) was home to 1,565,572 inhabitants. Shiraz is located in the southwest of Iran on the \"Rudkhaneye Khoshk\" (The Dry River) seasonal river. It has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for over a thousand years. Shiraz is one of the oldest cities of ancient Persia.\nThe earliest reference to the city, as Tirazi\u0161, is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BC. The modern city was founded or restored by the Umayyads in 693 and grew prominent under the successive Iranian Saffarid and Buyid dynasties in the 9th and 10th\u201311th centuries, respectively. In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters, due to the encouragement of its ruler and the presence of many Persian scholars and artists. It was the capital of Persia during the Zand dynasty from 1750 until 1800. Two famous poets of Iran, Hafez and Saadi, are from Shiraz, whose tombs are on the north side of the current city boundaries.\nShiraz is known as the city of poets, literature, wine (despite Iran being an Islamic republic since 1979), and flowers. It is also considered by many Iranians to be the city of gardens, due to the many gardens and fruit trees that can be seen in the city, for example Eram Garden. Shiraz has had major Jewish and Christian communities. The crafts of Shiraz consist of inlaid mosaic work of triangular design; silver-ware; pile carpet-weaving and weaving of kilim, called gilim and jajim in the villages and among the tribes. In Shiraz industries such as cement production, sugar, fertilizers, textile products, wood products, metalwork and rugs dominate. Shir\u0101z also has a major oil refinery and is a major center for Iran's electronic industries: 53% of Iran's electronic investment has been centered in Shiraz. Shiraz is home to Iran's first solar power plant. Recently the city's first wind turbine has been installed above Babakuhi mountain near the city.", "Q27551": "S\u00f8ren Tybring (6 November 1773 \u2013 19 November 1822) was a Norwegian priest and politician.\nTybring was from H\u00f8land in Akershus, Norway. He was the son of Johan Broderus Edinger Tybring \t(1735-1782) and Ellen Geelmuyeden (1747-1824). His father was a parish priest who died when S\u00f8ren Tybring was 9. He grew up with his uncle, Hans Heinrich T\u00fcbring, Bishop of Diocese of Agder og Telemark. Tybring took his cand.theol. degree in 1796. He served as curate in Kristiansand Cathedral for two years before being hired as a school principal in the Bragernes neighborhood of Drammen. After serving as vicar at Karleby on the Danish island of Falster in 1802, he then returned to serve as vicar of Bragernes Church from 1802 until his death in 1822.\nTybring was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1814 as a representative of the city of Drammen. He served through the first Extraordinary Parliament which on 4 November 1814 enacted the revised Norwegian Constitution (Grunnloven).", "Q104400": "Hamar Municipality (Norwegian: Hamar kommune) is the local government for Hamar, Norway. It is led by a 39-member municipal council led by Mayor Einar Busterud.Among the municipality's responsibilities, it the operation of nine primary and three lower secondary school, with a combined 3,115 pupils. The municipality also owns the power company Hamar Energi, and the sports venues Briskeby Arena, Vikingskipet and Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre.", "Q1347948": "Era Records was an independent American record label in Hollywood, California. It was founded by Herb Newman and Lou Bedell in 1955 as a pop, country and western, and jazz label. In 1959 Bedell sold his interest in the label to Newman. Era had a No. 1 hit in 1956 with Gogi Grant's \"The Wayward Wind\" written by Newman. Musicians with hits on Era include Ketty Lester (\"Love Letters\"), Larry Verne (\"Mr. Custer\"), Donnie Brooks (\"Mission Bell\"), Dorsey Burnette (\"Tall Oak Tree\"), Art & Dotty Todd (\"Chanson D' Amour\"), and The Castells (\"So This Is Love\"). Era distributed other labels, including Monogram, Gregmark, and Eden. From 1969 to 1971, Era was associated with Happy Tiger, which reissued and distributed some of Era's oldies. In 1972, Newman added the RTV label which released the psychedelic album Mu. In the mid-1970s Newman sold the Era label and catalog to K-tel. In 1993, K-tel began reissuing some of the early Era material using the original Era label and logo.", "Q239739": "Octavia Estelle Butler (June 22, 1947 \u2013 February 24, 2006) was an African-American science fiction author. A multiple recipient of both the Hugo and Nebula awards, she became in 1995 the first science-fiction writer to receive a MacArthur Fellowship.Butler was born in Pasadena, California. After her father died, she was raised by her widowed mother. Extremely shy as a child, Octavia found an outlet at the library reading fantasy, and in writing. She began writing science fiction as a teenager. She attended community college during the Black Power movement, and while participating in a local writer's workshop was encouraged to attend the Clarion Workshop, which focused on science fiction.\nShe soon sold her first stories and by the late 1970s had become sufficiently successful as an author that she was able to pursue writing full-time. Her books and short stories drew the favorable attention of the public and awards judges. She also taught writer's workshops, and eventually relocated to Washington state. Butler died of a stroke at the age of 58. Her papers are held in the research collection of the Huntington Library.", "Q173850": "Robin Herd (23 March 1939 \u2013 5 June 2019) was an English engineer, designer and businessman.Herd studied at St Peter's College, Oxford, having turned down an offer to play cricket for Worcestershire at the age of 18. He initially entered Oxford with a scholarship to study mathematics, however he switched subjects and graduated with a double first in physics and engineering, before joining the Royal Aircraft Establishment in 1961 as a design engineer on the Concorde supersonic aircraft project, focussing on computational fluid dynamics. He worked on the Concorde project for four years and was eventually promoted to senior scientific officer at the age of 24.He was recruited by McLaren in 1965, having been alerted to an engineering vacancy with the constructor by former school friend and racing driver Alan Rees, and worked on cars, such as the Mallite-bodied M2A test car for the Firestone tire company. The M2A subsequently evolved into the Formula One M2B car. Herd stayed with McLaren until 1968 \u2014 during which time he designed their M4B, M5A and M7 Formula One cars, as well as the successful M6A Can-Am car \u2014 before moving to Cosworth to design a four-wheel drive F1 car. He also carried out work for Frank Williams in late 1969, modifying Williams' Brabham BT26 to take a Ford Cosworth DFV to enter Piers Courage in Formula One. He co-founded March Engineering with Max Mosley, Alan Rees and Graham Coaker in 1969. The team completed 207 Formula One Grand Prix races between 1970 and 1992, winning three with four pole positions. In addition they enjoyed a great deal of success in Formula Two, and in the 1980s they made a successful foray into Indycars, with March cars winning the Indianapolis 500 for five successive years from 1983 to 1987.He sold March Racing to the Japanese property company Leyton House in 1989 and created Robin Herd Ltd., a design office in Bicester. He quit racing in 1995 and bought Oxford United Football Club, becoming chairman, and also established a company investigating natural ways of producing energy. He resigned from his duty as chairman in 1998, and formed an Indy Racing League team called March Indy International in the following year.", "Q186371": "Jason Andrew Dawe (born 4 May 1967) is an English journalist and television presenter. He presented the first series of Top Gear on BBC Two alongside Jeremy Clarkson and Richard Hammond. In 2005, he began presenting Used Car Roadshow; the programme was cancelled two years later in 2007.", "Q838587": "Lenin Peak (Kyrgyz: \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0427\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0443, Lenin \u00c7oqusu, \u0644\u06d5\u0646\u0649\u0646 \u0686\u0648\u0642\u06c7\u0633\u06c7; Russian: \u041f\u0438\u043a \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430, Pik Lenina; Tajik: \u049b\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0438 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d, qulla\u2018i Lenin/qullaji Lenin, renamed \u049b\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0438 \u0410\u0431\u04ef\u0430\u043b\u04e3 \u0438\u0431\u043d\u0438 \u0421\u0438\u043d\u043e (qulla\u2018i Ab\u00fbal\u00ee ibni Sino) in July 2006), or Ibn Sina (Avicenna) Peak, rises to 7,134 metres (23,406 ft) in Gorno-Badakhshan (GBAO) on the border of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, and is the second-highest point of both countries. It is considered one of the less technical 7000 m peaks in the world to climb and it has by far the most ascents of any 7000 m or higher peak on Earth, with every year seeing hundreds of mountaineers make their way to the summit. Lenin Peak is the highest mountain in the Trans-Alay Range of Central Asia, and in the Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan it is exceeded only by Ismoil Somoni Peak (7,495 m). It was thought to be the highest point in the Pamirs in Tajikistan until 1933, when Ismoil Somoni Peak (known as Stalin Peak at the time) was climbed and found to be more than 300 metres higher. Two mountains in the Pamirs in China, Kongur Tagh (7,649 m) and Muztagh Ata (7,546 m), are higher than the Tajik summits.", "Q3370745": "Paul Brooke (born 22 November 1944) is a retired English actor of film, television and radio. He is the father of actor Tom Brooke.\n\n", "Q67175": "Wald is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q189042": "Rubem Azevedo Alves (15 September 1933 \u2013 19 July 2014) was a Brazilian theologian, philosopher, educator, writer and psychoanalyst. Alves was one of the founders of liberation theology.\n\n", "Q68520": "Develier is a municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q388496": "Sumio Mabuchi (\u99ac\u6df5 \u6f84\u592b, Mabuchi Sumio, born 23 August 1960) is a Japanese politician and a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature).\n\n", "Q67613": "Wohlen bei Bern is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q3161182": "James Jackson (14 March 1771 - 27 April 1829) was an English manufacturer who established the first steel mill in France, near to Saint-\u00c9tienne, Loire.", "Q276990": "DreamWorks Dragons is an American computer-animated television series based on the 2010 film How to Train Your Dragon. All three series serve as a bridge between the first film and its 2014 sequel.Jay Baruchel, America Ferrera, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, T.J. Miller, and David Tennant reprise their voice-acting roles from How to Train Your Dragon. Other cast members include Julie Marcus and Andree Vermeulen as Ruffnut (previously voiced by Kristen Wiig), Zack Pearlman as Snotlout (previously voiced by Jonah Hill), Chris Edgerly as Gobber the Belch (previously voiced by Craig Ferguson), and Nolan North as Stoick the Vast (previously voiced by Gerard Butler).\nDreamWorks Dragons was announced by Cartoon Network on October 12, 2010. According to Tim Johnson, executive producer for How to Train Your Dragon, the series was planned to be much darker and deeper than DreamWorks Animation's previous television series spin-offs, with a similar tone to the movie. DreamWorks Dragons was the first DreamWorks Animation series to air on Cartoon Network rather than Nickelodeon.A one-hour preview consisting of two episodes aired on August 7, 2012, on Cartoon Network, with the official premiere of the series on September 5, 2012. A total of 40 episodes aired on Cartoon Network during the first two seasons, subtitled Riders of Berk and Defenders of Berk respectively.\nAfterwards, the series was named Race to the Edge, the first season of which debuted on Netflix on June 26, 2015. The second and third seasons of Dragons: Race to the Edge premiered on January 8 and June 24, 2016, respectively. The fourth season was released on February 17, 2017. The series was renewed for a fifth season, which was released on Netflix on August 25, 2017. The series (alongside the Netflix exclusive, All Hail King Julien) is syndicated as part of the newly rebranded Universal Kids on September 9, 2017. Dragons: Race to the Edge was renewed for a sixth and final season which was released on February 16, 2018.", "Q2383282": "Thomas Coleman du Pont (December 11, 1863 \u2013 November 11, 1930) was an American engineer and politician, from Greenville, Delaware. He was President of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, and a member of the Republican Party who served parts of two terms as United States Senator from Delaware.", "Q61262": "Hans Robert Jauss (German: Jau\u00df; 12 December 1921 \u2013 1 March 1997) was a German academic, notable for his work in reception theory (especially his concept of horizon of expectation) and medieval and modern French literature. His approach was derived from the hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer.", "Q718514": "Raphael \"Raph\" Koster (born September 7, 1971) is an American entrepreneur, game designer, and author of A Theory of Fun for Game Design. Koster is widely recognized for his work as the lead designer of Ultima Online and the creative director behind Star Wars Galaxies. From 2006 until 2013 he worked as the founder and president of Metaplace (previously operating as Areae and acquired by social gaming company Playdom in 2010, which was in turn acquired by Disney) producing a Facebook game platform.\n\n", "Q474304": "Ev\u017een Ro\u0161ick\u00fd (15 October 1914 Olomouc - 25 June 1942 Prague) was a Czech athlete and journalist. Stadion Ev\u017eena Ro\u0161ick\u00e9ho is a Czech stadium named after him. During World War II, he and his father Jaroslav Ro\u0161ick\u00fd were part of the anti-Nazi resistance group Captain Nemo. Ev\u017een Ro\u0161ick\u00fd and his father were arrested on 18 June 1942, and one week later, on 25 June 1942, they were both executed at the Kobylisy shooting range in Prague.", "Q95485": "August-Wilhelm Scheer (born July 27, 1941) is a German Professor of business administration and business information at the Saarland University, and founder and director of IDS Scheer AG, a major IT service and software company. He is known for the development of the Architecture of Integrated Information Systems (ARIS) concept.", "Q1062580": "The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB; Irish: Br\u00e1ithreachas Phoblacht na h\u00c9ireann) was a secret oath-bound fraternal organisation dedicated to the establishment of an \"independent democratic republic\" in Ireland between 1858 and 1924. Its counterpart in the United States of America was initially the Fenian Brotherhood, but from 1867 it was Clan na Gael. The members of both wings of the movement are often referred to as \"Fenians\". The IRB played an important role in the history of Ireland, as the chief advocate of republicanism during the campaign for Ireland's independence from the United Kingdom, successor to movements such as the United Irishmen of the 1790s and the Young Irelanders of the 1840s.\nAs part of the New Departure of the 1870s\u201380s, IRB members attempted to democratise the Home Rule League. and its successor, the Irish Parliamentary Party, as well as taking part in the Land War. The IRB staged the Easter Rising in 1916, which led to the establishment of the first D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann in 1919. The suppression of D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann precipitated the Irish War of Independence and the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921, ultimately leading to the establishment of the Irish Free State, which excluded the territory of Northern Ireland.", "Q164492": "Bala Garba Jahumpa (born 20 July 1958 in Banjul) is a Gambian politician and diplomat.", "Q37024": "Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian: \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438 \u0426\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0430 / Srbija i Crna Gora, SCG), officially the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (\u0414\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u0458\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438 \u0426\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0430 / Dr\u017eavna Zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora), was a country in Southeast Europe. It was created from the two remaining republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia after its breakup in 1992.\nFrom its creation to 2003, when it transitioned from a formal federation to a loose confederacy, the country was known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (\u0421\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0408\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0430 / Savezna Republika Jugoslavia), referred to colloquially as FR Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia.\nFor the first several years of its existence, the state aspired to be recognized as the sole legal successor to Yugoslavia, but those claims were opposed by other former constituent republics. The United Nations also denied its request to take up Yugoslavia's membership. Eventually, after the overthrow of Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107 from power as president of the federation in 2000, the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of the Badinter Arbitration Committee about shared succession. It re-applied for UN membership on 27 October 2000 and was admitted on 1 November.The FRY was initially dominated by Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107 as President of Serbia (1989\u20131997) and then President of Yugoslavia (1997\u20132000). Milo\u0161evi\u0107 installed and forced the removal of several federal presidents (such as Dobrica \u0106osi\u0107) and prime ministers (such as Milan Pani\u0107). However, the Montenegrin government, initially enthusiastic supporters of Milo\u0161evi\u0107, started gradually distancing themselves from his policies. That culminated in regime change in 1996, when his former ally Milo \u0110ukanovi\u0107 reversed his policies, became leader of Montenegro's ruling party and subsequently dismissed former Montenegrin leader Momir Bulatovi\u0107, who remained loyal to the Milo\u0161evi\u0107 government. As Bulatovi\u0107 was given central positions in Belgrade from that time (as federal Prime Minister), \u0110ukanovi\u0107 continued to govern Montenegro and further isolated it from Serbia. Thus from 1996 to 2006 Montenegro and Serbia were only nominally part of the same country as governance at every feasible level was conducted locally, in Belgrade for Serbia and in Podgorica for Montenegro.\nAs a loose union or confederacy, Montenegro and Serbia were united only in certain realms, such as defense and sports. The two constituent republics functioned separately throughout the period of the Federal Republic, and continued to operate under separate economic policies, as well as using separate currencies (the euro was the only legal tender in Montenegro). On 21 May 2006, the Montenegrin independence referendum was held, in which 55.5% of voters voted in favor of independence. The last vestiges of the former Yugoslavia, 88 years after its creation, came to an end upon Montenegro's formal declaration of independence on 3 June 2006, and Serbia's formal declaration of independence on 5 June. After the dissolution, Serbia became the legal successor of the union, while the newly independent Montenegro re-applied for membership in international organisations.", "Q3179915": "The Jockey Club de Paris is a traditional gentlemen's club and is regarded as one of the most prestigious private clubs in Paris. It is best remembered as a gathering place of the elite of nineteenth-century French society. The club still exists at 2 rue Rabelais in Paris, and it hosts the International Federation of Racing Authorities.", "Q1676976": "Jack Benny Binion (born February 21, 1937 in Dallas, Texas) is an American businessman. Binion is the son of casino magnate Benny Binion and worked for his father at Binion's Horseshoe, a casino and hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada.", "Q71071": "David of Augsburg (early 13th century \u2013 19 November 1272) was a medieval German mystic, and a Franciscan friar. It is believed that he probably joined the Franciscan Order at Regensburg. He was the master of novices in the Franciscan houses at Regensburg and Augsburg. He wrote the acclaimed \"Formula Novitiorum\".\nHis major work, written in the 1240s, is entitled The Composition of the Interior and Exterior Man according to the Triple states of Beginners, Proficient, and Perfect. It is composed of three different treatises whose dates and relationships are difficult to determine. It was clearly popular, since close to 400 manuscripts of the whole or parts survive, along with numerous translations.\nHe also composed various vernacular texts in Middle High German (24 are known, though at times doubt has been cast on the veracity of the attribution). The most notable of these are The Seven Stages of Prayer, and Concerning the Manifestation and Salvation of the Human Race.", "Q526456": "Andy Kuntz is a German progressive metal singer best known for his work with the band Vanden Plas. In addition to his work with Vanden Plas he has also participated in a production of the musical Jesus Christ Superstar.", "Q94943": "Ang\u00e9lique, Marquise des Anges is a 1964 historical romance film directed by Bernard Borderie and starring Mich\u00e8le Mercier, Robert Hossein and Jean Rochefort. It is based on the novel of the same name by Anne and Serge Golon. It was made as a co-production between France, Italy and West Germany\nIt was shot at the Cinecitt\u00e0 Studios in Rome and the Billancourt Studios in Paris and on location at the Ch\u00e2teau de Tanlay and Fontenay Abbey. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ren\u00e9 Moulaert.\nThe film was a major hit across Continental Europe, and in 1967 was distributed in Britain. It was followed by four sequels starting with Merveilleuse Ang\u00e9lique.", "Q5200138": "Cynthia Ona Innis (born 1969) is an American painter, sculptor and visual artist raised in San Diego and based out of Oakland. Her work has been described as \"paintings one doesn't look at so much as immerse oneself in\", as well as \"sensual\", \"organic\" and \"science fiction-y\" where \"a futuristic heaven-meets-hell\". Innis graduated with a B.A. from the University of California at Berkeley and earned her post-graduate M.F.A. from Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. She has received the San Francisco Arts Commission Honorarium, the James D. Phelan Award in printmaking, a MacDowell Colony Fellowship and Residency award, and the James D. Phelan Award in painting, among other awards and recognition.Innis has been a visiting art professor and/or faculty member at several prominent universities and arts institutes. Among the institutions where Innis has taught, are the University of California at Berkeley, the San Francisco Art Institute and Boise State University in Boise, Idaho. Her work is represented by the Walter Maciel Gallery in Los Angeles, and is in the collections of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Jose Museum of Art, Berkeley Art Museum, and the Microsoft Art Collection.\n\n", "Q2006542": "Pakistan (Bengali: \u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09a7\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af pakistan \u00f4dhirajy\u00f4; Urdu: \u0645\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0650 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200e mumlik\u0101t-\u0113 p\u0101kist\u0101n), also called the Dominion of Pakistan, was an independent federal dominion in South Asia that was established in 1947 as a result of the Pakistan movement, followed by the simultaneous partition of British India to create a new country called Pakistan. The dominion, which included much of modern-day Pakistan and Bangladesh, was conceived under the two-nation theory as an independent country composed of the Muslim-majority areas of the former British India.\nAt the dominion's creation in 1947, it did not include the princely states of Pakistan, which acceded slowly over the next year. Dominion status ended in 1956 with the creation of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, which was administratively split into West Pakistan and East Pakistan. In 1971 East Pakistan seceded from the union to become Bangladesh.", "Q65004": "Seengen is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q23051": "Swansea (; Welsh: Abertawe [ab\u025br\u02c8taw\u025b]) is a coastal city and county, officially known as the City and County of Swansea (Welsh: Dinas a Sir Abertawe) in Wales. Swansea lies within the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan and the ancient Welsh commote of G\u0175yr on the southwest coast. The county area includes Swansea Bay (Welsh: Bae Abertawe) and the Gower Peninsula. Swansea is the second largest city in Wales and the twenty-fifth largest city in the United Kingdom. According to its local council, the City and County of Swansea had a population of 241,300 in 2014, the second most populous local authority area in Wales after Cardiff. Together with Neath and Port Talbot, Swansea formed a wider Urban Area of 300,352 in 2011.\nDuring the 19th-century industrial heyday, Swansea was the key centre of the copper-smelting industry, earning the nickname Copperopolis.", "Q439204": "Henry Louis Mencken (September 12, 1880 \u2013 January 29, 1956) was an American journalist, essayist, satirist, cultural critic and scholar of American English. He commented widely on the social scene, literature, music, prominent politicians and contemporary movements. His satirical reporting on the Scopes Trial, which he dubbed the \"Monkey Trial,\" also gained him attention.\nAs a scholar, Mencken is known for The American Language, a multi-volume study of how the English language is spoken in the United States. As an admirer of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, he was an outspoken opponent of organized religion, theism, populism, and representative democracy, the latter of which he viewed as systems in which inferior men dominated their superiors. Mencken was a supporter of scientific progress, and was critical of osteopathy and chiropractic. He was also an ardent critic of economics.\nMencken opposed the American entry into both World War I and World War II. Some of the terminology in his private diary entries has been described by some researchers as racist and antisemitic, although this characterisation has been disputed. His attitude to African-Americans reflected the conservative paternalism of his era and \u201cthe kind of anti-Semitism that appears in Mencken's private diary may be found elsewhere: for example, in the early letters of Eleanor Roosevelt and Adlai Stevenson.\u201d He seemed to show a genuine enthusiasm for militarism, though never in its American form. \"War is a good thing,\" he once wrote, \"because it is honest, it admits the central fact of human nature ... A nation too long at peace becomes a sort of gigantic old maid.\"His longtime home in the Union Square neighborhood of West Baltimore was turned into a city museum, the H. L. Mencken House. His papers were distributed among various city and university libraries, with the largest collection held in the Mencken Room at the central branch of Baltimore's Enoch Pratt Free Library.", "Q1082312": "Peter Rodney \"Biff\" Byford (born 15 January 1951 in Honley, West Yorkshire) is an English singer best known as the lead singer of the heavy metal band Saxon.", "Q532423": "Robert Allen Iger (; born February 10, 1951) is an American media executive and film producer who is Executive Chairman of The Walt Disney Company. He was CEO from 2005 to 2020. Before working for Disney, Iger served as the President of ABC Television from 1994 to 1995, and as President/COO of Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. from 1995 until Disney's acquisition of the company in 1996.\nHe was named President and COO of Disney in 2000, and later succeeded Michael Eisner as CEO in 2005, after a successful effort by Roy E. Disney to shake up the management of the company. As part of his yearly compensation, Iger earned $44.9 million in 2015. During Iger's tenure, Disney broadened the company's roster of intellectual properties and its presence in international markets; Iger oversaw the acquisitions of Pixar in 2006 for $7.4 billion, Marvel Entertainment in 2009 for $4 billion, Lucasfilm in 2012 for $4.06 billion, and 21st Century Fox in 2019 for $71.3 billion, as well as the expansion of the company's theme park resorts in East Asia, with the introduction of Hong Kong Disneyland Resort and Shanghai Disney Resort in 2005 and 2016, respectively.\nIger was a driving force behind the reinvigoration of Walt Disney Animation Studios and the branded-release strategy of its film studio's output. Under Iger, Disney has experienced increases in revenue across its various divisions, with the company's market capitalization value increasing from $48.4 billion to $257 billion over a period of thirteen years.\nOn February 25, 2020, Iger announced he would step down as CEO of The Walt Disney Company effective immediately, naming Bob Chapek, chairman of Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, as his successor, making him the 7th CEO in the company's history. Iger continues to serve as Executive Chairman and Chairman of Disney's Board of Directors until December 2021. In mid-April, Iger resumed running Disney temporarily to help the company through the 2019\u201320 coronavirus pandemic.", "Q128854": "The Painted Veil is a 2006 American drama film directed by John Curran. The screenplay by Ron Nyswaner is based on the 1925 eponymous novel by W. Somerset Maugham. Edward Norton, Naomi Watts, Toby Jones, Anthony Wong Chau Sang and Liev Schreiber appear in the leading roles.\nThis is the third film adaptation of the Maugham book, following the same-named 1934 film starring Greta Garbo and Herbert Marshall and a 1957 version called The Seventh Sin with Bill Travers and Eleanor Parker.", "Q371755": "Emil Botta (Romanian pronunciation: [e\u02c8mil \u02c8bota]; 15 September 1911, Adjud \u2013 24 July 1977, Bucharest) was a Romanian actor and writer.\nTogether with Emil Cioran, Eugen Ionescu and Arsavir Acterian, he was a member of the literary group called Corabia cu rata\u021bi (\"The Losers' Ship\").Botta graduated in 1932 from the Dramatical Art Conservatory of Bucharest.He was married for a while to actress Maria Mimi Botta.He was the younger brother of poet Dan Botta.\n\n", "Q157058": "Gostivar (Macedonian: \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0440 [\u02c8\u0261\u0254stivar] (listen), Albanian and Turkish: Gostivar), is a city in North Macedonia, located in the upper Polog valley region. It is one of the largest municipalities in the country with a population of 81,042, and the town also covers 1.341 square kilometres (331 acres). Gostivar has road and railway connections with the other cities in the region, such as Tetovo, Skopje, Ki\u010devo, Ohrid, and Debar. A freeway was built in 1995, from Gostivar to Tetovo, 24 km (15 mi) long. Gostivar is the seat of Gostivar Municipality.", "Q137974": "Alfred H. Powell (March 6, 1781 \u2013 1831) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia.\nBorn in Loudoun County, Virginia, Powell was graduated from Princeton College.\nHe studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Winchester, Virginia in 1800.\nHe also served as member of the state senate in 1812\u20131819.\nPowell was elected as an Adams candidate to the Nineteenth Congress (March 4, 1825 \u2013 March 3, 1827).\nHe served as delegate to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830.\nHe died in Loudoun County, Virginia, in 1831.", "Q106571": "From Russia with Love is a 1963 spy film and the second in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, as well as Sean Connery's second role as MI6 agent James Bond. It was directed by Terence Young, produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman, and written by Richard Maibaum and Johanna Harwood, based on Ian Fleming's similarly named 1957 novel. In the film, Bond is sent to assist in the defection of Soviet consulate clerk Tatiana Romanova in Turkey, where SPECTRE plans to avenge Bond's killing of Dr. No.\nFollowing the success of Dr. No, United Artists greenlit a sequel and doubled the budget available for the producers. In addition to filming on location in Turkey, the action scenes were shot at Pinewood Studios, Buckinghamshire, and in Scotland. Production ran over budget and schedule, and was rushed to finish by its scheduled October 1963 release date.\nFrom Russia with Love was a critical and commercial success. It took in more than $78 million in worldwide box-office receipts, far more than its $2 million budget and more than its predecessor Dr. No, thereby becoming a blockbuster in 1960s cinema.\nThis film also marked the debut of Desmond Llewelyn as Q, a role he would play for 36 years (and seventeen films) until The World Is Not Enough in 1999.", "Q607346": "Invader Zim is an American animated dark comedy science fiction television series created by comic book writer and cartoonist Jhonen Vasquez for Nickelodeon. The series centers on an extraterrestrial named Zim (voiced by Richard Steven Horvitz), from the planet Irk, and his mission to conquer Earth and enslave the human race along with his malfunctioning robot servant GIR (Rosearik Rikki Simons). He is antagonized by Dib (Andy Berman), a young paranormal investigator who is determined to stop Zim from succeeding.\nNickelodeon contacted Jhonen Vasquez about pitching ideas for an animated series for their older demographic and Invader Zim was the first thing he pitched. In Vasquez's words \"it went from pitch to series without hardly any waiting\". As the series went on, ratings declined and budgetary issues became more frequent. Before the second season was completed, Nickelodeon cancelled the series, leaving several episodes unfinished. The show originally ran on Nickelodeon from 2001 to 2002, with six of the completed second-season episodes initially going unreleased. These episodes were first made available on DVD in 2004 and later made their television debut on the Nicktoons Network in 2006.Invader Zim received positive reviews from critics and audiences, with praise primarily directed at its humor, writing, animation, art-style and the way it pushed the boundaries of what was considered acceptable on children's television. In the years following its cancellation, Invader Zim has often been listed as one of Nickelodeon's best shows. The series won an Annie Award, an Emmy Award and a World Animation Celebration Award, and received nominations for seven additional Annie Awards and two Golden Reel Awards. Invader Zim has spawned its own fan convention called InvaderCON and a plethora of official merchandise, including video games, toys, clothing and accessories, among many other products. Despite its early cancellation, due to increasing popularity and above-average merchandise sales it has been widely regarded as a cult classic.An ongoing monthly comic book series of the same name was released on July 8, 2015 as a continuation of the television series and published by Oni Press. A film based on the television series, entitled Invader Zim: Enter the Florpus, premiered on Netflix on August 16, 2019.\n\n", "Q14825": "Memmingen is a town in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is the economic, educational and administrative centre of the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg border. To the north, east and south the town is surrounded by the district of Unterallg\u00e4u (Lower Allg\u00e4u).\nWith about 42,000 inhabitants, Memmingen is the 5th biggest town in the administrative region of Swabia. The origins of the town go back to the Roman Empire. The old town, with its many courtyards, castles and patricians' houses, palaces and fortifications is one of the best preserved in southern Germany. With good transport links by road, rail and air, it is the transport hub for Upper and Central Swabia, and the Allg\u00e4u.\nDue to its proximity to the Allg\u00e4u region, Memmingen is often called the Gateway to the Allg\u00e4u (Tor zum Allg\u00e4u). The town motto is Memmingen \u2013 Stadt mit Perspektiven (\"Memmingen - a town with perspectives\"). In recent times it has been frequently referred to as Memmingen \u2013 Stadt der Menschenrechte (Memmingen - the town of human rights). This alludes to the Twelve Articles, considered to be the first written set of human rights in Europe, which were penned in Memmingen in 1525. Every four years there is the Wallensteinfestspiel, with about 4,500 participants, the biggest historical reenactment in Europe. It commemorates the invasion of Wallenstein and his troops in 1630.", "Q235665": "Lady Caroline Lamb (n\u00e9e Ponsonby; 13 November 1785 \u2013 25 January 1828), known as the Honourable Caroline Ponsonby until her father succeeded to the earldom in 1793, was an Anglo-Irish aristocrat and novelist, best known for her work Glenarvon, a Gothic novel. She is also known for her affair with Lord Byron in 1812. Her husband was The Hon. William Lamb, who later became Viscount Melbourne and Prime Minister. However, she was never the Viscountess Melbourne because she died before Melbourne succeeded to the peerage.\nShe was the only daughter of Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough, an Anglo-Irish peer, and Henrietta, Countess of Bessborough, and related to other leading society ladies, being the niece of Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, and cousin (by marriage) of Annabella, Lady Byron.", "Q63475": "Henri-Gatien, comte Bertrand (28 March 1773 \u2013 31 January 1844), was a French general.", "Q35633": "Itziar Itu\u00f1o Mart\u00ednez (born June 18, 1974) is a Spanish actress. She is best known for her role as Inspector Raquel Murillo in the Spanish television series Money Heist (La casa de papel).", "Q36312": "Calgary ( (listen)) is a city in the western Canadian province of Alberta. It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, about 80 km (50 mi) east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies, roughly 299 km (186 mi) south of the provincial capital of Edmonton and approximately 240 km (150 mi) north of the Canada\u2013United States border. The city anchors the south end of the Statistics Canada-defined urban area, the Calgary\u2013Edmonton Corridor.The city had a population of 1,285,711 in 2019, making it Alberta's largest city. It is the third-largest municipality in Canada (after Toronto and Montreal), and the largest in western Canada. Also in 2016, Calgary had a metropolitan population of 1,392,609, making it the fourth-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada and second-largest in western Canada (after Vancouver).\nCalgary's economy includes activity in the energy, financial services, film and television, transportation and logistics, technology, manufacturing, aerospace, health and wellness, retail, and tourism sectors. The Calgary CMA is home to Canada's second-highest number of corporate head offices among the country's 800 largest corporations. In 2015 Calgary had the highest number of millionaires per capita of any major Canadian city. In 1988 it became the first Canadian city to host the Winter Olympic Games.\nThe Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Calgary the most livable city in North America in both 2018 and 2019. Calgary has been a top 5 contender for this title for the last 10 years. Calgary was also ranked the best city in the world for drivers in 2019.", "Q68508": "Malcolm III (Scottish Gaelic: M\u00e1el Coluim mac Donnchada; c. 26 March 1031 \u2013 13 November 1093 (age 63)) was King of Scots from 1058 to 1093. He was later nicknamed \"Canmore\" (\"ceann m\u00f2r\", Gaelic for \"Great Chief\": \"ceann\" denotes \"leader\", \"head\" (of state) and \"m\u00f2r\" denotes \"pre-eminent\", \"great\", and \"big\"). Malcolm's long reign of 35 years preceded the beginning of the Scoto-Norman age. Henry I of England and Eustace III of Boulogne were his sons-in-law, making him the maternal grandfather of Empress Matilda, William Adelin and Matilda of Boulogne. All three of them were prominent in English politics during the 12th century.\nMalcolm's kingdom did not extend over the full territory of modern Scotland: the north and west of Scotland remained under Scandinavian rule following the Norse invasions. Malcolm III fought a series of wars against the Kingdom of England, which may have had as its objective the conquest of the English earldom of Northumbria. These wars did not result in any significant advances southward. Malcolm's primary achievement was to continue a lineage that ruled Scotland for many years, although his role as founder of a dynasty has more to do with the propaganda of his youngest son David I and his descendants than with history.Malcolm's second wife, St. Margaret of Scotland, is Scotland's only royal saint. Malcolm himself had no reputation for piety; with the notable exception of Dunfermline Abbey in Fife, he is not definitely associated with major religious establishments or ecclesiastical reforms.", "Q4721772": "Alf Tjersland (6 September 1881 \u2013 12 June 1955) was a Norwegian engineer and businessperson.\nHe was born in Kristiania as a son of Abraham Tjersland (1844\u20131922) and Thora Didrichsen. In 1931 he married Ellen Messel, n\u00e9e Platou, a sister of Theodor Platou, but the marriage was later dissolved.He attended middle school in 1897 and Skiensfjorden Mechanical School in 1900 before graduating from Mittweida in 1903. He also studied at the Royal Technical College in Glasgow in 1904 and at New York Trade School for plumbers in 1907. He worked in Dayton, Ohio from 1904 to 1905, then in Chicago for one year, then in St. Louis for one year. In 1906 he was elected as a member of the American Society of Heating, Ventilating Engineers. He was a chief engineer in E. Sunde & Co. from 1907 to 1911, and became a master plumber in 1912. He was the chief executive of E. Sunde & Co. from 1914. From 1922 he was also the chairman of the board.He chaired the employers' association Varme- og sanit\u00e6rentrepren\u00f8renes forening from 1917 to 1918, then the Norwegian Association of Plumbing, Heating and Ventilating Contractors from 1919. From 1927 to 1928 he was an executive committee member in the Federation of Norwegian Industries, chairing its home industry group the last year. He chaired the trade group in Mekaniske V\u00e6rksteders Landsforening from 1926 to 1932, and was then vice chairman for one year.He also chaired Norges Hypotekforening for N\u00e6ringslivet from 1927 to 1929, was a board member of Statens metalcentral from 1917 to 1919, Selskabet for Oslo Byes Vel from 1927 and the Norwegian Fire Protection Association from 1937, deputy board member of the Polytechnic Society from 1918 to 1922 and a council member of the Norway Travel Association from 1925. From 1927 to 1929 he was a member of the Conservative Party finance and control committee. He died in 1955, and was buried at V\u00e5r Frelsers gravlund.", "Q152108": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians (often abbreviated KUWTK) is an American reality television series that airs on the E! cable network. The show focuses on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian\u2013Jenner blended family. Its premise originated with Ryan Seacrest, who also serves as an executive producer. The series debuted on October 14, 2007, and has subsequently become one of the longest-running reality television series in the country. The eighteenth season premiered on March 26, 2020. Also, on February 27, Kris Jenner confirmed on the Ellen show that filming for season 19 has begun.\nThe series focuses mainly on sisters Kim, Kourtney, and Khlo\u00e9 and their half-sisters Kendall and Kylie. It also features their parents Kris and Caitlyn, and brother Rob. The significant others of the Kardashian sisters have also appeared on the show, including Kourtney's ex-boyfriend Scott Disick, Kim's ex-husband Kris Humphries, and current husband Kanye West, Khlo\u00e9's ex-husband Lamar Odom, ex-boyfriend French Montana, and ex-boyfriend Tristan Thompson along with Rob's ex-girlfriend Adrienne Bailon and ex-fianc\u00e9 Blac Chyna. Caitlyn's son Brody Jenner made a cameo in season 1, before appearing regularly between the 8th and 11th seasons, along with brother Brandon and Brandon's wife Leah. Kim's friend Jonathan Cheban and Khlo\u00e9's friend Malika Haqq have also been part of the show.\nKeeping Up with the Kardashians has been critically panned since its premiere. It is often criticized for the high degree of emphasis on the \"famous for being famous\" concept, and for appearing to fabricate some aspects of its storylines. Several critics also noted the show's lack of intelligence. However, some critics recognized the reality series as a \"guilty pleasure\" and acknowledged the family's success. Despite the negative reviews, Keeping Up with the Kardashians has attracted high viewership ratings, becoming one of the network's most successful shows and winning several audience awards.\nThe series' success has led additionally to the creation of numerous spin-off series, including: Kourtney and Kim Take Miami, Kourtney and Kim Take New York, Khlo\u00e9 & Lamar, Kourtney and Khlo\u00e9 Take The Hamptons, Dash Dolls, Rob & Chyna, Life of Kylie, and Flip It Like Disick. The network has also broadcast several television specials featuring special events involving members of the family and friends.", "Q229264": "Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (French: [\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 lwi l\u0259kl\u025b\u0281 k\u0254\u0303t d\u0259 byf\u0254\u0303]; 7 September 1707 \u2013 16 April 1788) was a French naturalist, mathematician, cosmologist, and encyclop\u00e9diste.\nHis works influenced the next two generations of naturalists, including Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Georges Cuvier. Buffon published thirty-six quarto volumes of his Histoire Naturelle during his lifetime; with additional volumes based on his notes and further research being published in the two decades following his death.Ernst Mayr wrote that \"Truly, Buffon was the father of all thought in natural history in the second half of the 18th century\".Buffon held the position of intendant (director) at the Jardin du Roi, now called the Jardin des Plantes.", "Q3225036": "The New Gulliver (Russian: \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0413\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440, Novyy Gullivyer) is a Soviet stop motion-animated cartoon, and the first to make such extensive use of puppet animation, running almost all the way through the film (it begins and ends with short live-action sequences). The film was released in 1935 to widespread acclaim and earned director Aleksandr Ptushko a special prize at the International Cinema Festival in Milan. The part of Gulliver was played by Vladimir Konstantinov, who was born in 1920 and died in 1944 near Tallinn in the Second World War. This was his first and only film role.", "Q70347": "Ernen is a municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. In 2005 Ernen incorporated the formerly independent municipalities of Ausserbinn, M\u00fchlebach, and Steinhaus.\nIn 1979, Ernen was awarded the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage.", "Q77428": "Gustav Benjamin Schwab (19 June 1792 \u2013 4 November 1850) was a German writer, pastor and publisher.", "Q29232": "Pascual de Andagoya (1495-1548) was a Spanish Basque conquistador. He was born in the village of Andagoya, in the valley of Cuartango (\u00c1lava), in Spain.\nAs often happened at the time, Andagoya left as an explorer of the New World at a very young age of 19, on April 11, 1514, under the command of Pedro Arias de \u00c1vila. The expedition left carrying an army of over 2,000 in 22 ships, with the objective of colonizing Central America.\nThe career of Andagoya commenced in Panama, whose capital Panama City he founded in 1519 with 400 settlers. Later he moved south towards the Colombian coast, until he reached San Juan, where he took charge as governor.This was when he learned of the existence of the Inca Empire, in the distant territory called \"Bir\u00fa\", or \"Pir\u00fa\". In 1522 he attempted a conquest, but it ended in failure.With his health deteriorating, he returned to Panama and spread word of his discoveries, in particular the existence of a land of enormous riches of gold and silver, namely, Peru. In 1524 Francisco Pizarro, in association with the soldier Diego de Almagro and the priest Hernando de Luque, mounted an expedition using Andagoya's ships.Andagoya was rewarded in 1539 by Carlos I with the post of Representative of the Indians, which he performed with brutal zeal. In 1540 he proclaimed himself governor of Popay\u00e1n, which he held until 1542, when the legitimate governor Sebasti\u00e1n de Belalc\u00e1zar relieved him under pressure. Andagoya died in Cuzco on July 18, 1548.", "Q1984135": "Arto Noras (born 12 May 1942, in Turku) is a Finnish cellist who is one of Finland's most celebrated instrumentalists and amongst the most outstanding internationally acknowledged cellists of his generation.At the age of 8, Arto Noras started his studies at the prestigious Sibelius Academy in Helsinki, Finland. After completing his studies with Professor Yrj\u00f6 Selin at the Sibelius Academy, Arto Noras studied with Paul Tortelier at the Paris Conservatoire where he gained the coveted Premier Prix diploma in 1964. Two years later, in 1966, he was awarded second prize in the International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow, which immediately opened his way to the most important concert halls in Europe and both North and South America where he has performed regularly ever since. Arto Noras also won the Danish Sonning Prize in 1967 and Finnish State music prize in 1972.Arto Noras' repertoire covers all the principal works that have been written for his instrument, including those by contemporary composers, and he has recorded them extensively for the Finlandia recording label. In 1970 Arto Noras was appointed Professor of Cello at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki. Noras has served as a jurist for some of the most important music competitions in the world, including the Tchaikovsky, Casals and Cassado competitions. He can be heard as a most distinguished chamber musician as a member of the Helsinki Trio and as a founder member of the Sibelius Academy Quartet as well as with several other groups of similarly distinguished musicians.\nIn 1980, Prof. Noras founded the Naantali Music Festival in Naantali, Finland, and as of 2013 he is still the Artistic Manager of the festival. He also founded in 1991 and remains the Artistic Director of the V Paulo International Cello Competition, whose former winners include internationally renowned French concert cellist Jean-Guihen Queyras and Perttu Kivilaakso, member of the popular cello rock band Apocalyptica.", "Q612005": "Iker Jim\u00e9nez Elizari (born 10 January 1973) is a Spanish journalist.", "Q374605": "B\u00e9la Ill\u00e9s (from Kassa, Austria-Hungary; now Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia), March 22, 1895 - Budapest, January 5, 1974) was a Hungarian left-wing writer and journalist who spent much of his life in exile in the Soviet Union.", "Q4292983": "Mikael Ljungman (born November 25, 1963) is a Swedish politician, lawyer and businessman. He was 2009\u20132010 convicted of fraud and false accounting related to his business activities, for which he served a two-year prison term. He is also known for his association and involvement with two high-profile tech failures: the game console manufacturer Gizmondo in 2005 and IT Factory in 2008. After his release from prison, Ljungman became active in the Christian Democrats legal policy network. He was selected as a Christian Democrats parliamentary candidate for the 2014 Swedish elections, as number 32 on their Stockholm candidate list.\n\n", "Q363379": "Haroun Tazieff (Warsaw, 11 May 1914 \u2013 Paris, 2 February 1998) was a Polish, Belgian and French volcanologist and geologist. He was a famous cinematographer of volcanic eruptions and lava flows, and the author of several books on volcanoes. He was also a government adviser and Cabinet minister.", "Q11975": "Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and actress. Born in McComb, Mississippi and raised in Kentwood, Louisiana, she appeared in stage productions and television series, before signing with Jive Records in 1997. Spears's first two studio albums, ...Baby One More Time (1999) and Oops!... I Did It Again (2000), were global successes and made her the best-selling teenage artist of all-time. Referred to as the \"Princess of Pop\", Spears is regarded as a pop icon and is credited with influencing the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s and early 2000s.\nSpears adopted more mature and provocative themes for her next two studio albums, Britney (2001) and In the Zone (2003), and made her feature film debut in a starring role in Crossroads (2002). Following a series of heavily publicized personal struggles and erratic public behavior beginning in 2006, Spears's career was interrupted, before the release of her fifth studio album Blackout (2007), which is often critically referred to as her best work. Spears' personal struggles led her to be placed on a still ongoing conservatorship. She returned to the top of record charts with her sixth and seventh studio albums, Circus (2008) and Femme Fatale (2011), respectively. In 2012, Forbes reported that Spears was the highest paid female musician of the year, with earnings of $58 million, having last topped the list in 2002. During the promotion of her eighth and ninth studio albums, Britney Jean (2013) and Glory (2016), Spears embarked on a four-year concert residency, Britney: Piece of Me, at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, which became one of the highest-grossing residencies of all-time. In 2019, Spears announced an indefinite career hiatus and was later admitted involuntarily into a mental health facility by her conservator, leading to a court-led investigation into malpractice conducted by Spears's team.\nSpears has scored six number one albums on the Billboard 200, making her the third best performing female artist on the chart. Five of Spears's singles have reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100: \"...Baby One More Time\", \"Womanizer\", \"3\", \"Hold It Against Me\", and \"S&M\". Other singles, \"Oops!... I Did It Again\" and \"Toxic\", topped the charts in most countries. With \"3\" in 2009 and \"Hold It Against Me\" in 2011, she became the second artist after Mariah Carey in the Hot 100's history to debut at number one with two or more songs. Spears has earned numerous awards and accolades, including a Grammy Award; seven Guinness World Records; six MTV Video Music Awards, including the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award; seven Billboard Music Awards, including the Millennium Award; the inaugural Radio Disney Icon Award; and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.Billboard ranked her as the eighth-biggest artist of the 2000s decade. One of the world's best-selling music artists, Spears has sold 100 million records worldwide, including over 70 million records in the United States. In the United States, Spears is the fourth best-selling female album artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era as well as the best-selling female album artist of the 2000s. In 2004, Spears launched a perfume brand with Elizabeth Arden, Inc.; sales exceeded US$1.5 billion as of 2012. Spears has topped the list of most searched celebrities seven times in 12 years, a record since the inception of the internet.", "Q69616": "Zizers (Romansh: Zir or Zezras) is a municipality in the Landquart Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Empress of Austria-Hungary died in Zizers.", "Q115243": "Amin Maalouf (French: [maluf]; Arabic: \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u200e; born 25 February 1949) is a Lebanese-born French author who has lived in France since 1976. Although his native language is Arabic, he writes in French, and his works have been translated into over 40 languages. He received the Prix Goncourt in 1993 for his novel The Rock of Tanios as well as the 2010 Prince of Asturias Award for Literature. He is a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.", "Q72550": "Meto Jovanovski (Macedonian: \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0408\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438; 18 October 1928 \u2013 23 December 2016) was a Macedonian writer from the village of Braj\u010dino in the Republic of Macedonia.", "Q23079": "Northumberland () is a unitary authority and historic county in North East England. The northernmost county of England, the unitary authority borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham and Tyne and Wear to the south and the Scottish Borders to the north. To the east is the North Sea coastline with a path 103 kilometres (64 mi) long. The county town is Alnwick, although the county council is based in Morpeth.The county of Northumberland included Newcastle upon Tyne until 1400, when the city became a county of itself. Northumberland expanded greatly in the Tudor period, annexing Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1482, Tynedale in 1495, Tynemouth in 1536, Redesdale around 1542 and Hexhamshire in 1572. Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844. Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside were transferred to Tyne and Wear in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972.\nLying on the Anglo-Scottish border, Northumberland has been the site of a number of battles. The county is noted for its undeveloped landscape of high moorland, now largely protected as the Northumberland National Park. Northumberland is the least densely populated county in England, with only 62 people per square kilometre.\n\n", "Q1103630": "Don Facundo Bacard\u00ed Masso (Catalan: Facund Bacard\u00ed i Mass\u00f3, IPA: [f\u0259\u02c8kund b\u0259k\u0259\u027e\u02c8\u00f0i j m\u0259\u02c8so]; 14 October 1814 \u2013 9 May 1886) was a Spanish businessman who, in 1862, founded the eponymous Bacardi rum distillery.", "Q214683": "TF1 (t\u00e9 ef un, pronounced [te \u025bf\u203f\u0153\u0303]; meaning T\u00e9l\u00e9vision fran\u00e7aise 1) is a French free-to-air television channel, controlled by TF1 Group, whose major share-holder is Bouygues. TF1's average market share of 24% makes it the most popular domestic network. Flagship series broadcast on the channel include CSI, The Voice and House M.D.\nTF1 is part of the TF1 Group of mass media companies, which also includes the news channel LCI. It used to own the satellite TV provider TPS, which have been sold to the Canal+ Group.\nThe network is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) initiative that is promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of terrestrial TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.", "Q522618": "Priority Records is an American distribution company and record label known for artists including N.W.A, Ice-T, Jay-Z, Snoop Dogg, Silkk the Shocker and Westside Connection. It also distributed hip hop record labels including Death Row Records, Hoo-Bangin' Records, No Limit Records, Posthuman Records, Rap-A-Lot Records, Rawkus Records, Roc-A-Fella Records, Ruthless Records and Wu-Tang Records. According to Billboard, \"few record labels were as important to the rise of West Coast hip hop as Priority Records.\"", "Q178093": "Poughkeepsie ( p\u0259-KIP-see, officially the City of Poughkeepsie, separate from the Town of Poughkeepsie) is a city in the U.S. state of New York. It is the county seat of Dutchess County with a 2018 census-estimated population of 30,356. Poughkeepsie is in the Hudson River Valley region, midway between the core of the New York metropolitan area and the state capital of Albany. It is a principal city of the Poughkeepsie\u2013Newburgh\u2013Middletown metropolitan area which belongs to the New York metropolitan area. It is served by the nearby Hudson Valley Regional Airport and Stewart International Airport in Orange County, New York.\nPoughkeepsie has been called \"The Queen City of the Hudson\". It was settled in the 17th century by the Dutch and became New York State's second capital shortly after the American Revolution. It was chartered as a city in 1854. Major bridges in the city include the Walkway over the Hudson, a former railroad bridge called the Poughkeepsie Bridge which re-opened as a public walkway on October 3, 2009, and the Mid-Hudson Bridge, a major thoroughfare built in 1930 that carries U.S. Route 44 over the Hudson. The city of Poughkeepsie lies in New York's 18th congressional district.Poughkeepsie is situated between the Lower Hudson and the Capital District regions, and the city's economy is stimulated by several major corporations, including ShopRite, Stop & Shop, Barnes & Noble, Rite Aid, Dunkin' Donuts, Marshalls, Verizon Communications, M&T Bank, Chase Bank, and Charter Communications. Other major businesses include Best Buy, Big Lots, Metro by T-Mobile, Cricket Wireless, and Boost Mobile. Educational institutions include Dutchess Community College and The Culinary Institute of America.", "Q157070": "The County of Flanders (Dutch: Graafschap Vlaanderen, French: Comt\u00e9 de Flandre) was a historic territory in the Low Countries.\nFrom 862 onwards the Counts of Flanders were among the original twelve peers of the Kingdom of France. For centuries their estates around the cities of Ghent, Bruges and Ypres formed one of the most affluent regions in Europe.\nUp to 1477, the area under French suzerainty was located west of the Scheldt River and was called \"Royal Flanders\" (Dutch: Kroon-Vlaanderen, French: Flandre royale). Aside from this the Counts of Flanders from the 11th century onward also held land east of the river as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire, an area called \"Imperial Flanders\" (Rijks-Vlaanderen or Flandre imp\u00e9riale). Part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1384, the county was finally removed from French to Imperial control after the Peace of Madrid in 1526 and the Peace of the Ladies in 1529.\nIn 1795, the remaining territory within the Austrian Netherlands was incorporated by the French First Republic and passed to the newly established United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815. The former County of Flanders, except for French Flanders, is the only part of the medieval French kingdom that is not part of modern-day France.", "Q42493": "Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer, songwriter and television judge. After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager. Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album Katy Hudson under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful. She moved to Los Angeles the following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and she subsequently began working with producers Glen Ballard, Dr. Luke, and Max Martin. After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.\nPerry rose to fame in 2008 with her second album, One of the Boys, a pop rock record containing the singles \"I Kissed a Girl\" and \"Hot n Cold\". The former track also sparked controversy for its themes of lesbianism. Her third album, Teenage Dream (2010), ventured into disco, and was her first record to top the U.S. Billboard 200. It peaked at number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 with the singles \"California Gurls\", \"Teenage Dream\", \"Firework\", \"E.T.\", and \"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)\", while \"The One That Got Away\" reached number three on the chart. The album became the first by a female artist to produce five number one songs in the U.S., and the second overall after Michael Jackson's Bad. In 2012, Perry re-issued the album as Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection, which produced the songs \"Part of Me\" and \"Wide Awake\". Her next record was Prism (2013), which became her second to top the U.S. charts. It is influenced by pop and dance, and she became the first artist with multiple videos to reach one billion views on Vevo with the videos for its songs \"Roar\" and \"Dark Horse\". She followed this with 2017's Witness, which delved into electropop and became her third album to chart at number one in the U.S. \"Chained to the Rhythm\" was the album's most successful single, breaking Spotify's record at the time for most first-day streams for a song by a female artist.\nPerry has received various awards, including four Guinness World Records, five Billboard Music Awards, five American Music Awards, a Brit Award, a Juno Award, and thirteen Grammy Award nominations. She has been included in the annual Forbes lists of highest-earning women in music from 2011\u20132019. Her estimated net worth as of 2016 is $125 million. She is one of the world's best-selling music artists, having sold over 18 million albums and 125 million singles worldwide. In film, she released an autobiographical documentary titled Katy Perry: Part of Me in 2012, and voiced Smurfette in the 2011 film The Smurfs and its sequel in 2013. Perry also began serving as a judge on American Idol in 2018.", "Q116992": "Johann Karl Emmanuel Schenk (1 December 1823 \u2013 18 July 1895) was a Swiss pastor, politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1863\u20131895). As of 2020, he is still the longest-serving member. Later in life he became one of the first leaders of the Swiss Red Cross.", "Q91813": "Saskia Vester (born 24 July 1959, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany) is a German actress and author.", "Q127597": "Jabez Upham (August 23, 1764 \u2013 November 8, 1811) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts, brother of George Baxter Upham, and cousin of Charles Wentworth Upham, both were also U.S. Representatives.\nBorn in Brookfield, Massachusetts, Upham graduated from Harvard University in 1785. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Sturbridge, Massachusetts.\nHe moved to Claremont, New Hampshire, and then to Brookfield, Massachusetts, where he continued the practice of law. He served as member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1804 to 1806 and in 1811.\nUpham was elected as a Federalist to the Tenth and Eleventh Congresses, and served from March 4, 1807, until his resignation in 1810.\nHe died in Brookfield, Massachusetts, November 8, 1811. He was interred in New Cemetery, West Brookfield, Massachusetts.\nJabez Upham was the grandfather of Horace Gray, a Supreme Court judge.", "Q108574": "Karl Ibach (April 3, 1915 \u2013 May 3, 1990) was a German member of the resistance against the Third Reich and later, a writer and politician.", "Q182659": "A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derive from the medieval French chanson ballad\u00e9e or ballade, which were originally \"dance songs\". Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of Britain and Ireland from the later medieval period until the 19th century. They were widely used across Europe, and later in Australia, North Africa, North America and South America. Ballads are often 13 lines with an ABABBCBC form, consisting of couplets (two lines) of rhymed verse, each of 14 syllables. Another common form is ABAB or ABCB repeated, in alternating 8 and 6 syllable lines.\nMany ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides. The form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century, the term took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and is often used for any love song, particularly the sentimental ballad of pop or rock music, although the term is also associated with the concept of a stylized storytelling song or poem, particularly when used as a title for other media such as a film.", "Q2962686": "Howard R. Davies (27 June 1895 \u2013 3 January 1973), was an English motorcycle racing champion, motorcycle designer and originator of the 'HRD' marque which later became Vincent-HRD motorcycles. He died in January 1973.\n\n", "Q575026": "Ruthless Records is an American record label founded by Eric \"Eazy-E\" Wright and Jerry Heller in Compton, California in 1987. Since its inception the company has been a subsidiary of parent company Comptown Records, Inc. and all of the Ruthless trademarks are owned by Comptown. Several artists on the label such as N.W.A, Eazy-E, MC Ren, The D.O.C., Michel'le, and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony have released RIAA certified albums.", "Q616505": "Icon for Hire is an American rock band from Decatur, Illinois. Formed in 2007, the band's current lineup consists of singer Ariel Bloomer and guitarist Shawn Jump. They released two EPs independently before signing to Tooth & Nail Records, through which they released their first two albums: Scripted in 2011 and Icon for Hire on October 15, 2013. Their third album, You Can't Kill Us, was independently released on November 25, 2016.", "Q967901": "Howard Devoto (born Howard Andrew Trafford 15 March 1952) is an English singer and songwriter, who began his career as the frontman for the punk rock band Buzzcocks, but then left to form Magazine, one of the first post-punk bands. After Magazine, he went solo and later formed indie band Luxuria.\nHis singing has been characterized as a \"speak-sing voice that veered between amused croon and panicked yelp.\"", "Q22401": "Henri Farman (26 May 1874 \u2013 17 July 1958) was an Anglo-French aviator and aircraft designer and manufacturer with his brother Maurice Farman. Before dedicating himself to aviation he gained fame as a sportsman, specifically in cycling and motor racing. His family was British and he took French nationality in 1937.", "Q911897": "David B. Dillon (born March 30, 1951) was the chief executive officer (CEO) of Kroger in Cincinnati, Ohio.", "Q4725272": "Ali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Ko\u00e7 (Turkish pronunciation: [ali kot\u0283], born 2 April 1967) is a Turkish businessman. He is a third-generation member of Turkey's wealthiest Ko\u00e7 family and the youngest son of Rahmi Ko\u00e7. On 3 June 2018, he became the 37th president of Fenerbah\u00e7e Sports Club. \n\n", "Q1809563": "Leslie Johnson (June 20, 1933 \u2013 August 22, 2018), better known as Lazy Lester, was an American blues musician who sang and played the harmonica and guitar. His career spanned the 1950s to 2018.\nBest known for regional hits recorded with Ernie Young's Nashville-based Excello Records, Lester also contributed to songs recorded by other Excello artists, including Slim Harpo, Lightnin' Slim, and Katie Webster. Cover versions of his songs have been recorded by (among others) the Kinks, the Flamin' Groovies, Freddy Fender, Dwight Yoakam, Dave Edmunds, Raful Neal, Anson Funderburgh, and the Fabulous Thunderbirds. In the comeback stage of his career (since the late 1980s) he recorded new albums backed by Mike Buck, Sue Foley, Gene Taylor, Kenny Neal, Lucky Peterson, and Jimmie Vaughan.", "Q185888": "The Social Network is a 2010 American biographical drama film directed by David Fincher and written by Aaron Sorkin. Adapted from Ben Mezrich's 2009 book The Accidental Billionaires, it portrays the founding of social networking website Facebook and the resulting lawsuits. It stars Jesse Eisenberg as founder Mark Zuckerberg, along with Andrew Garfield as Eduardo Saverin, Justin Timberlake as Sean Parker, Armie Hammer as Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, and Max Minghella as Divya Narendra. Neither Zuckerberg nor any other Facebook staff were involved with the project, although Saverin was a consultant for Mezrich's book. The film was released in the United States by Columbia Pictures on October 1, 2010.\nThe Social Network garnered acclaim for its direction, screenplay, acting, editing, and score. It was named one of the best films of the year by 78 critics, and named the best by 22 critics, the most of any film that year. It was also chosen by the National Board of Review as the best film of 2010. At the 83rd Academy Awards, it received eight nominations, including for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor for Eisenberg, and won three: Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Original Score, and Best Film Editing. It also received awards for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama, Best Director, Best Screenplay, and Best Original Score at the 68th Golden Globe Awards. In 2016, it was voted 27th among 100 films considered the best of the 21st century by 117 film international critics. In 2019, Esquire voted it the best film of the 2010s.", "Q55689": "Narayan Hari Apte, popularly known as Nanasaheb Apte (11 July 1889 \u2013 14 November 1971) was a Marathi popular novelist, writer of advice books and editor from Maharashtra, India.", "Q75559": "Hanne Hiob (12 March 1923 \u2013 23 June 2009) was a German actress.", "Q272260": "Behemoth is a Polish extreme metal band from Gda\u0144sk, formed in 1991. They are considered to have played an important role in establishing the Polish extreme metal underground.Until the late 1990s, the band played a traditional black metal style with heathen lyrical content, but soon changed to that of occult and thelemic themes written by their lead vocalist Nergal and Krzysztof Azarewicz. With the 1999 release of Satanica, the band demonstrated their presence in the death metal scene, while retaining their own signature style characterized by the drum work of Inferno, multi-layered vocals, and Middle Eastern influences. Despite Behemoth having been labeled as death metal or thrash metal-influenced, Nergal has mentioned that he does not like the band to be labeled.", "Q2860085": "Archibald Cochrane, 9th Earl of Dundonald FRSE (1 January 1748 \u2013 1 July 1831) was a Scottish nobleman and inventor.", "Q752435": "The Social Democratic Party (Romanian: Partidul Social Democrat, PSD) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu, Romania's first democratically elected president. The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, it also has the largest number of mayors, local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country.\nPSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front, a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front. In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR). The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party (PSDR) in 2001. Since its formation, it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country. The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996, while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000. The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004, and from March 2014 to November 2015, as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 (with the Democratic Liberal Party) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 (as part of the Social Liberal Union). The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015, only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017, after a major victory in the legislative elections. The founder of the party, Ion Iliescu, became President of the Republic, in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996, and again from 2000 to 2004.", "Q436679": "Henri Desgrange (31 January 1865, Paris \u2013 16 August 1940, Beauvallon, Grimaud) was a French bicycle racer and sports journalist. He set twelve world track cycling records, including the hour record of 35.325 kilometres (21.950 mi) on 11 May 1893. He was the first organiser of the Tour de France.", "Q224026": "Heather Joan Graham (born May 29, 1971) is an American actress, director, and writer. After appearing in television commercials, her first starring role in a feature film came with the teen comedy License to Drive (1988), followed by the critically acclaimed film Drugstore Cowboy (1989), which gained her initial industry notice. She then played supporting roles in films such as Shout (1991), Diggstown (1992), Six Degrees of Separation (1993), Swingers (1996) and on the television series Twin Peaks (1991) and its prequel film Fire Walk with Me (1992), before gaining critical praise for the film Boogie Nights (1997). In 1999, she co-starred in Bowfinger and Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me.\nIn the 2000s, Graham starred in films Committed (2000), Say It Isn't So (2001), Mary (2005), Gray Matters (2007), The Hangover (2009) and its sequel, The Hangover Part III (2013). She also had a role on the television series Scrubs in 2004, before playing the title character on the short-lived series Emily's Reasons Why Not in 2006. She also had recurring roles on Showtime's Californication (2014) and Netflix's Flaked (2016).\nNoted for portraying characters with sex appeal, she often appears in magazine lists of \"Most Beautiful\" and \"Sexiest\" women. \nGraham is a public advocate for Children International, and supported the climate change campaign Global Cool in 2007.", "Q124920": "Gisela Kessler (June 3, 1935\u2013May 14, 2014) was a German trade unionist.", "Q66243": "St. Margrethen (Saint Margrethen/Sankt Margrethen) is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q526318": "Santana de Parna\u00edba is a city and municipality in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of S\u00e3o Paulo. The population is 126,574 (2015 est.) in an area of 179.95 km\u00b2. It was founded in 1625 near the Tiet\u00ea River by Susana Dias, an important Bandeirante (Brazilian pioneers) wife.\nThe word Parna\u00edba means rocky river.\nThe municipality contains and administers the 367-hectare (910-acre) Tambor\u00e9 Biological Reserve, a strictly protected conservation unit.", "Q2184": "The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika, IPA: [r\u0250\u02c8s\u02b2ijsk\u0259j\u0259 s\u0250\u02c8v\u02b2\u025btsk\u0259j\u0259 f\u02b2\u026ad\u02b2\u026ar\u0250\u02c8t\u02b2ivn\u0259j\u0259 s\u0259ts\u0268\u0259l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8s\u02b2t\u02b2it\u0255\u026ask\u0259j\u0259 r\u02b2\u026a\u02c8spubl\u02b2\u026ak\u0259] (listen)), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, as well as being unofficially known as the Soviet Russia, Russian Federation, or simply Russia, was an independent state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous of the Soviet socialist republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR. The Russian Republic was composed of sixteen smaller constituent units of autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. The capital of the Russian SFSR was Moscow and the other major urban centers included Leningrad, Novosibirsk, Sverdlovsk, Gorky and Kuybishev.\nThe economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. By 1961, it was the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing in production to only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the \"perestroika\" restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s under General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives.\nThe Russian Soviet Republic was proclaimed on 7 November 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state and the world's first constitutionally socialist state with the ideology of Communism. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922, the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR officially setting up of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The 1977 Soviet Constitution stated that \"[a] Union Republic is a sovereign [...] state that has united [...] in the Union\" and \"each Union Republic shall retain the right freely to secede from the USSR\". On 12 June 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty, established separation of powers (instead of Soviet form of government), established citizenship of Russia and stated that the RSFSR shall retain the right of free secession from the USSR. On 12 June 1991, Boris Yeltsin (1931\u20132007), supported by the Democratic Russia pro-reform movement, was elected the first and only President of the RSFSR, a post that would later become the presidency of the Russian Federation.\nThe August 1991 Soviet coup d'\u00e9tat attempt with the temporary brief internment of President Mikhail Gorbachev destabilised the Soviet Union. On 8 December 1991, the heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its original founding states (i.e., renunciation of the 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a loose confederation. On 12 December, the agreement was ratified by the Supreme Soviet (the Russian SFSR parliament); therefore the Russian SFSR had renounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR itself and the ties with the other Soviet Socialist Republics.\nOn 25 December 1991, following the resignation of Gorbachev as President of the Soviet Union (and former General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union), the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation, with President Yeltsin re-establishing the sovereign and independent state (see history of Russia from 1991 onwards). With the lowering at 12 midnight of the flag of the now former USSR from the top of the Kremlin Senate building in Moscow on 26 December 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of the Republics, which by that time was the only functioning chamber of the parliamentary Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the several union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership and permanent membership on the Security Council, but originally excluding foreign debt and foreign assets of the USSR (also parts of the former Soviet Red Army and nuclear weapons remained under overall CIS command as CIS United Armed Forces).\nThe 1978 RSFSR Constitution was amended several times to reflect the transition to democracy, private property and market economy. The new Russian Constitution, coming into effect on 25 December 1993 after a constitutional crisis, completely abolished the Soviet form of government and replaced it with a semi-presidential system.", "Q115525": "Horace B\u00e9n\u00e9dict de Saussure (17 February 1740 \u2013 22 January 1799) was a Genevan geologist, meteorologist, physicist, mountaineer and Alpine explorer, often called the founder of alpinism and modern meteorology, and considered to be the first person to build a successful solar oven.", "Q816652": "Ben van Oosten (born 1955 in The Hague, Netherlands) is an organist, professor and author.\nBen van Oosten gave his first organ recital in 1970 at the age of 15. He was accepted at the prestigious Sweelinck Conservatory in Amsterdam and studied the organ with Albert de Klerk and piano with Berthe Davelaar. He graduated cum laude in 1979 with a diploma in organ solo.\nHe completed advanced studies in Paris, France, with Andr\u00e9 Isoir and Daniel Roth. Whether by geographical influence or artistic choice, he gravitated toward the French Romantic Organ school of the 19th century that had its origins in the new symphonic organs of Aristide Cavaill\u00e9-Coll. Van Oosten subsequently became one of the greatest practitioners and interpreters of organ works from that era. Among his recordings are the complete works of Charles-Marie Widor, of Louis Vierne, and of Marcel Dupr\u00e9, as well as the eight sonatas of Alexandre Guilmant and organ works of Jacques-Nicolas Lemmens and Louis James Alfred Lef\u00e9bure-W\u00e9ly.\nBesides maintaining a heavy recital schedule and an active private teaching practice, he serves as organist for the Grote Kerk (The Hague) and is a professor of music at the Rotterdam Conservatory.Among the honors and awards he has received are the Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik and the Diapason d'Or. In 1998, the French government awarded him the honorary rank of Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres for his efforts in reviving the French Romantic tradition.", "Q271769": "Jessica Lee Rose (born April 26, 1987) is an American-New Zealand actress who first gained popularity after playing the role of lonelygirl15, a fictional teenage homeschooled character named Bree who appeared in YouTube video blogs, beginning in June 2006. The mystery surrounding the possible fictionality of her character led to an outing by the Los Angeles Times, which thrust her into the mainstream spotlight. In 2007, Rose won a Webby for this role.\nAfter leaving lonelygirl15 in August 2007, Rose played \"Jen K.\" on ABC Family's Greek. She went on to appear in various movies, such as Perfect Sport and SyFy's Ghost Town, and other web series, such as Hooking Up and Sorority Forever. She signed on to do the independent movie Look at Me with her Lonelygirl15 co-star Yousef Abu Taleb in March 2010.", "Q433701": "Altadena is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in Los Angeles County, California, United States, approximately 14 miles (23 km) from the downtown Los Angeles Civic Center, and directly north of the city of Pasadena, California. The population was 42,777 at the 2010 census, up from 42,610 at the 2000 census.", "Q1297943": "Egil Hovland (October 18, 1924 \u2013 February 5, 2013) was a Norwegian composer.Hovland was born in R\u00e5de. He studied at the Oslo conservatory with Arild Sandvold and Bjarne Brustad, in Copenhagen with Vagn Holmboe, at Tanglewood with Aaron Copland, and in Florence with Luigi Dallapiccola. He was the organist and choir leader in Fredrikstad from 1949 until his death. His many works include two symphonies, a concerto for trumpet and strings, Music for Ten Instruments, a set of variations for two pianos, and a lament for orchestra. His sacred works include a Norwegian Te Deum, a Gloria, a Magnificat, and numerous works for organ, and he was one of the most noted church composers of Norway.\nHe wrote in diverse styles, including Norwegian-Romantic, Gregorian, neo-classical, twelve-tone, aleatoric, and serial. In honor of his work as a composer and organist, in 1983 he was knighted into the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav. In 1992, he received the Fritt Ord Honorary Award. He was one of the most productive contemporary Norwegian composers.", "Q561053": "Leroy \"Roy\" Buchanan (September 23, 1939 \u2013 August 14, 1988) was an American guitarist and blues musician. A pioneer of the Telecaster sound, Buchanan worked as a sideman and as a solo artist, with two gold albums early in his career and two later solo albums that made it to the Billboard chart. He never achieved stardom, but he is still considered a highly influential guitar player. Guitar Player praised him as having one of the \"50 Greatest Tones of All Time.\" He appeared on the PBS music program Austin City Limits in 1977 (season 2).", "Q123097": "Maniac Cop 2 is a 1990 American action horror film directed by William Lustig and written by Larry Cohen. It is the second installment in the Maniac Cop series. It stars Robert Davi, Claudia Christian, Michael Lerner, and Bruce Campbell, with Robert Z'Dar returning as Matthew Cordell, an undead police officer-turned-serial killer following his own murder.", "Q279321": "Tadao Takashima (\u9ad8\u5cf6\u5fe0\u592b, Takashima Tadao) (27 July 1930 \u2013 26 June 2019) was a Japanese actor and jazz musician. He appeared in more than 100 films, including the Toho productions King Kong vs. Godzilla, Atragon, and Frankenstein Conquers the World. He also performed in stage musicals such as My Fair Lady and appeared in several television shows.", "Q124934": "Tania Aebi (born October 7, 1966) is an American sailor. She completed a solo circumnavigation of the globe in a 26-foot sailboat between the ages of 18 and 21, making her the first American woman and the youngest person (at the time) to sail around the world. Her record was not recognized by Guinness, because she sailed through the Panama Canal, which required assistance. She also sailed eighty miles with a friend in the South Pacific. (For the first American woman to attain the Guinness, see Karen Thorndike.) Despite many challenges, Aebi accomplished her goal and proved to her father that she could complete something.", "Q69164": "Wilchingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. The former municipality of Osterfingen was incorporated into Wilchingen in 2005.", "Q115531": "Adolf Ogi (born 18 July 1942) is a Swiss politician from the village of Kandersteg in the Swiss Alps.He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 9 December 1987, as member of the Swiss People's Party from the Canton of Berne. He handed over office on 31 December 2000.During his time in office, he was in charge of the following departments:\n\nFederal Department of Transport, Communications and Energy (1988 \u2013 1995)\nFederal Military Department (from 1996), later named Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports (1998 \u2013 2000)He was President of the Confederation twice in 1993 and 2000.From 2001 to 2008, Ogi was a Special Adviser on Sport for Development and Peace to the United Nations Secretary-General.Ogi is today an ambassador for Peace and Sport, a Monaco-based international organization, committed to serving peace in the world through sport.Ogi was awarded an honorary doctorate by the European University.Ogi released a biography entitled D\u00f6lf Ogi: Statesman and Sportsman.Ogi received the Gold Olympic Order in the year 2000.", "Q568705": "The Theresian Military Academy (German: Theresianische Milit\u00e4rakademie, TherMilAk) is a military academy in Austria, where the Austrian Armed Forces train their officers. Founded in 1751, the academy is located in the castle of Wiener Neustadt in Lower Austria.", "Q181422": "Jo Marie Payton (born August 3, 1950) is an American actress and singer who starred as Harriette Baines\u2013Winslow, the matriarch of the Winslow family on the ABC/CBS sitcom Family Matters (1989\u20131998), and also appeared in a recurring role on its forerunner series Perfect Strangers. From 2001 to 2005, Payton provided the voice for Suga Mama Proud (Penny Proud's grandmother) on Disney Channel's animated series The Proud Family and Disney+\u2019s upcoming revival The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder. The role earned her an NAACP Image Award nomination in 2005. Payton also had a recurring role as the personal assistant to Gregory Hines' character, Ben Doucette (Will Truman's boss), during season two of Will & Grace (1999\u20132000).", "Q41830": "Andronikos I Komnenos (Greek: \u0391\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u02b9 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, Andr\u00f3nikos I Komn\u0113n\u00f3s; c.\u20091118 \u2013 12 September 1185), usually Latinized as Andronicus I Comnenus, was Byzantine Emperor from 1183 to 1185. He was the son of Isaac Komnenos and the grandson of the emperor Alexios I.", "Q70435": "Ernst Friedrich Ludwig Robert (or Robert-Tornow; 16 December 1778 \u2013 5 July 1832) was a German dramatist.\nHe was born in Berlin as Liepmann Levin, into a well-off Jewish family, a brother of Rahel Varnhagen von Ense. He wrote plays, including the tragedy Die Macht der Verh\u00e4ltnisse (1819) which deals with the position of Jews in society. He died, aged 53, in Baden-Baden.", "Q955019": "Jack Fillmore Betts (born April 11, 1929), also credited as Hunt Powers, is an American actor of film, stage, and television. A member of the Actors Studio, he started his career as a leading man in spaghetti westerns, before taking a career in supporting roles in American films.", "Q189": "Iceland (Icelandic: \u00cdsland; [\u02c8istlant] (listen)) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic, with a population of 364,134 and an area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi), making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjav\u00edk. Reykjavik and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a polar climate.\nAccording to the ancient manuscript Landn\u00e1mab\u00f3k, the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ing\u00f3lfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island. In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, emigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e., slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.\nThe island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies. Following a period of civil strife, Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century. The establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. Iceland thus followed Norway's integration into that union, coming under Danish rule after Sweden's secession from the union in 1523. Although the Danish kingdom introduced Lutheranism forcefully in 1550, Iceland remained a distant semi-colonial territory in which Danish institutions and infrastructures were conspicuous by their absence.\nIn the wake of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, Iceland's struggle for independence took form and culminated in independence in 1918 and the founding of a republic in 1944. Although its parliament (Althing) was suspended from 1799 to 1845, the island republic has been credited with sustaining the world's oldest and longest-running parliament.\nUntil the 20th century, Iceland relied largely on subsistence fishing and agriculture. Industrialisation of the fisheries and Marshall Plan aid following World War II brought prosperity and Iceland became one of the wealthiest and most developed nations in the world. In 1994, it became a part of the European Economic Area, which further diversified the economy into sectors such as finance, biotechnology, and manufacturing.\nIceland has a market economy with relatively low taxes, compared to other OECD countries, as well as the highest trade union membership in the world. It maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens. Iceland ranks high in economic, democratic, social stability, and equality, currently ranking third in the world by median wealth per adult. In 2018, it was ranked as the sixth most developed country in the world by the United Nations' Human Development Index, and it ranks first on the Global Peace Index. Iceland runs almost completely on renewable energy.\nHit hard by the worldwide financial crisis, the nation's entire banking system systemically failed in October 2008, leading to a severe depression, substantial political unrest, the Icesave dispute, and the institution of capital controls. Some bankers were jailed. Since then, the economy has made a significant recovery, in large part due to a surge in tourism.Icelandic culture is founded upon the nation's Scandinavian heritage. Most Icelanders are descendants of Norse and Gaelic settlers. Icelandic, a North Germanic language, is descended from Old West Norse and is closely related to Faroese. The country's cultural heritage includes traditional Icelandic cuisine, Icelandic literature, and medieval sagas. Iceland has the smallest population of any NATO member and is the only one with no standing army, with a lightly armed coast guard.\n\n", "Q223985": "Sir Michael Edward Palin (; born 5 May 1943) is an English comedian, actor, writer and television presenter. He was a member of the comedy group Monty Python. Since 1980 he has made a number of travel documentaries.Palin wrote most of his comedic material with fellow Python member Terry Jones. Before Monty Python, they had worked on other shows such as the Ken Dodd Show, The Frost Report, and Do Not Adjust Your Set. Palin appeared in some of the most famous Python sketches, including \"Argument Clinic\", \"Dead Parrot sketch\", \"The Lumberjack Song\", \"The Spanish Inquisition\", \"Bicycle Repair Man\" and \"The Fish-Slapping Dance\". He also regularly played a Gumby.\nPalin continued to work with Jones after Python, co-writing Ripping Yarns. He has also appeared in several films directed by fellow Python Terry Gilliam and made notable appearances in other films such as A Fish Called Wanda (1988), for which he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. In a 2005 poll to find The Comedians' Comedian, he was voted the 30th favourite by fellow comedians and comedy insiders. After Python, he began a new career as a travel writer and travel documentarian. His journeys have taken him across the world, including the North and South Poles, the Sahara Desert, the Himalayas, Eastern Europe, Brazil, and in 2018, he visited North Korea; documenting his visit to the isolated country in a series broadcast on Channel 5. \nHaving been awarded a CBE for services to television in the 2000 New Year Honours, Palin received a knighthood in the 2019 New Year Honours for services to travel, culture and geography. From 2009\u201312 he was the president of the Royal Geographical Society. On 12 May 2013, Palin was made a BAFTA fellow, the highest honour that is conferred by the organisation.", "Q438640": "Alyssa Nicole Pallett (born December 8, 1985) is a Canadian model, actress, and businesswoman. She is the former owner of 'The Sweet Ones', a vintage store in New York City.She is known for her brief career as an actress and glamour model in the United Kingdom and has been photographed by several well-known photographers, including Patrick Demarchelier and Los Angeles Playboy photographer Josh Ryan.", "Q64440": "Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte (30 March 1907 \u2013 7 July 1994) was a German paratroop officer during World War II who later served in the armed forces of West Germany, achieving the rank of General. Following the war, Heydte pursued academic, political and military career, as a Catholic-conservative professor of political science. In 1962, Heydte was involved in the Spiegel scandal.", "Q263379": "Rita Gorr (18 February 1926 \u2013 22 January 2012)\nwas a Belgian operatic mezzo-soprano. She possessed a large, rich-toned voice and was an intense singing-actress, especially in dramatic roles such as Ortrud (Lohengrin) and Amneris (Aida), two of her greatest roles.", "Q321638": "Francis Dayle \"Chick\" Hearn (November 27, 1916 \u2013 August 5, 2002) was an American sportscaster. Known primarily as the play-by-play announcer for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association, Hearn was remembered for his rapid fire, staccato broadcasting style, associated with colorful phrases such as slam dunk, air ball, and no harm, no foul that have become common basketball vernacular, and for broadcasting 3,338 consecutive Lakers games starting on November 21, 1965. Additionally, Hearn started the now common tradition of estimating the distance of shots taken.\nOf note is that most of Hearn's games in the television era were simulcast on both radio and television, even after most teams chose to use different announcers for the different media.", "Q130799": "James Hillier Blount (born 22 February 1974), better known as James Blunt, is an English singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. A former reconnaissance officer in the Life Guards regiment of the British Army, he served under NATO during the 1999 Kosovo War. After retiring from the military, he rose to fame in 2004 with the release of his debut album Back to Bedlam, achieving worldwide fame with the singles \"You're Beautiful\" and \"Goodbye My Lover\".\nBlunt's first album has sold over 11 million copies worldwide, topping the UK Albums Chart and peaking at number two in the US. \"You're Beautiful\" was number one in the UK, the US and a dozen other countries. Back to Bedlam was the best-selling album of the 2000s in the UK, and is one of the best-selling albums in UK chart history. Blunt has since sold over 20 million records worldwide. He has received several awards, including two Brit Awards\u2014winning Best British Male in 2006\u2014two MTV Video Music Awards, and two Ivor Novello Awards, as well as receiving five Grammy Award nominations and an Honorary Doctorate for Music in 2016 by the University of Bristol.", "Q3268644": "Lyc\u00e9e Descartes (formerly known as Lyc\u00e9e Gouraud) is a French international school in Rabat, Morocco.\nThe establishment is managed by the AEFE, an agency under the administration of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, that assures the quality of schools teaching the French national curriculum outside France. The lycee is affiliated with the Academy of Bordeaux in France. It replaced the first French junior high establishment in Morocco, \"Le Lyc\u00e9e Gouraud\" which was built in 1919 during the French Protectorate, and later became a public high school named after the late king Hassan II.\nThis school, which opened its doors to students on October 1963 in the Agdal neighborhood of Rabat, is one of the largest French education institutions in Morocco. It welcomes 2 500 students, of various national origins: 48% French, 48% Moroccan and 4% other internationals, and spans middle school classes through classes pr\u00e9paratoires aux grandes \u00e9coles.\nKnown for training the elite of the country, and for promising equally good prospects to graduates in Morocco as outside of it, the Lycee consistently registers a success rate at the baccalaur\u00e9at (98.9% across all majors in 2012) that is significantly higher than the national average in France (84.5% in 2012).\nThe Lyc\u00e9e Descartes produced many notable Moroccan and French politicians, scientists, executives, athletes and cultural icons. (See Category:Alumni of Lyc\u00e9e Descartes (Rabat))", "Q107135": "Fredrikstad (listen ; previously Frederiksstad; literally Fredrik's Town) is a city and municipality in Viken county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Fredrikstad.\nThe city of Fredrikstad was founded in 1567 by King Frederick II, and established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipality of Glemmen was merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1964. The rural municipalities of Borge, Ons\u00f8y, Kr\u00e5ker\u00f8y, and Rolvs\u00f8y were merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1994.\nThe city straddles the river Glomma where it meets the Skagerrak, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the Sweden border. Along with neighboring Sarpsborg, Fredrikstad forms the fifth largest city in Norway: Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg. As of 1 January 2018, according to Statistics Norway, these two municipalities have a total population of 136,117 with 80,977 in Fredrikstad and 55,140 in Sarpsborg.\nFredrikstad was built at the mouth of Glomma as a replacement after Sarpsborg (15 kilometres (9 miles) upstream) was burnt down by the Swedish Army in the 1500s. Some of the citizens stayed behind and rebuilt their old town at its original site and got their city status back in 1839.\nThe city centre is on the west bank of the Glomma, while the old town on the east bank is Northern Europe's best preserved fortified town.\nFredrikstad used to have a large sawmill industry and was an important harbour for timber export, then later on shipbuilding, until the main yard was closed in 1988. The main industries are currently various chemical plants and other light industry.\nIn 2005, Fredrikstad was the final host port for the Tall Ships' Race, attracting thousands to the city. In 2019, it was the first host port.\nIn 2017, Fredrikstad won the national award for most attractive city. The award is given yearly by the Norwegian government on the basis of social, economic and environmental factors.", "Q108206": "John Bunyan (; baptised November 30, 1628 \u2013 August 31, 1688) was an English writer and Puritan preacher best remembered as the author of the Christian allegory The Pilgrim's Progress. In addition to The Pilgrim's Progress, Bunyan wrote nearly sixty titles, many of them expanded sermons.\nBunyan came from the village of Elstow, near Bedford. He had some schooling and at the age of sixteen joined the Parliamentary Army during the first stage of the English Civil War. After three years in the army he returned to Elstow and took up the trade of tinker, which he had learned from his father. He became interested in religion after his marriage, attending first the parish church and then joining the Bedford Meeting, a nonconformist group in Bedford, and becoming a preacher. After the restoration of the monarch, when the freedom of nonconformists was curtailed, Bunyan was arrested and spent the next twelve years in jail as he refused to give up preaching. During this time he wrote a spiritual autobiography, Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, and began work on his most famous book, The Pilgrim's Progress, which was not published until some years after his release.\nBunyan's later years, in spite of another shorter term of imprisonment, were spent in relative comfort as a popular author and preacher, and pastor of the Bedford Meeting. He died aged 59 after falling ill on a journey to London and is buried in Bunhill Fields. The Pilgrim's Progress became one of the most published books in the English language; 1,300 editions having been printed by 1938, 250 years after the author's death.\nHe is remembered in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival on 30 August, and on the liturgical calendar of the United States Episcopal Church on 29 August. Some other churches of the Anglican Communion, such as the Anglican Church of Australia, honour him on the day of his death (31 August).", "Q65986": "Neuheim is a municipality in the canton of Zug in Switzerland.", "Q74653": "Andrew Steele Fulton (September 29, 1800 \u2013 November 22, 1884) was a nineteenth-century congressman, lawyer and judge from Virginia. He was the brother of John H. Fulton.\nBorn in Waynesboro, Virginia, Fulton attended common schools as a child and went on to attend Hampden-Sydney College. He studied law in Staunton, Virginia, and was admitted to the bar in 1825, commencing practice in Abingdon, Virginia, in 1826. He moved to Wytheville, Virginia, in 1828 and became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1840 and 1845. Fulton became prosecuting attorney of Wythe County, Virginia, and was elected a Whig to the United States House of Representatives in 1846, serving from 1847 to 1849. There, he was chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions from 1847 to 1849. He was not a candidate for reelection and instead continued to practice law. He served as judge of the fifteenth judicial circuit of Virginia from 1852 to 1869. Fulton died on November 22, 1884, near Austinville, Virginia, and was interned in the family cemetery by New River near Austinville.", "Q32606": "Nan Alison Sutter Hayworth (n\u00e9e Sutter; born December 14, 1959) is an American ophthalmologist and former Congresswoman for New York's 19th congressional district. A Republican, she was elected in 2010.\nIn 2012, after redistricting, Hayworth ran for reelection in the new 18th district. She lost to former Clinton White House staff secretary Sean Patrick Maloney that year and in a 2014 re-match.", "Q24064": "Amanda Somerville (born March 7, 1979) is an American singer-songwriter and vocal coach who resides in Wolfsburg, Germany. She is known primarily for her work with many European symphonic metal bands.", "Q2902600": "Herman Branover (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e8\u05e0\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8; born 1931) is a Russian Israeli physicist and Jewish educator. He is best known in the Jewish world as an author, translator, publisher, and educator. Branover is known in the scientific community as a pioneer in the field of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). In his personal conduct he adheres to the customs and mystical philosophy of Chabad Hasidism.", "Q131487": "Karl Adolph Gjellerup (2 June 1857 \u2013 11 October 1919) was a Danish poet and novelist who together with his compatriot Henrik Pontoppidan won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1917. He is associated with the Modern Breakthrough period of Scandinavian literature. He occasionally used the pseudonym Epigonos.", "Q33518": "Dover () is the capital and second-largest city in the U.S. state of Delaware. It is also the county seat of Kent County, and the principal city of the Dover, DE Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Kent County and is part of the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD Combined Statistical Area. It is located on the St. Jones River in the Delaware River coastal plain. It was named by William Penn for Dover in Kent, England. As of 2010, the city had a population of 36,047.", "Q87903": "Peter Marginter (26 October 1934 in Vienna \u2013 10 February 2008 there) was an Austrian author, essayist and translator.", "Q169834": "Ahmad Hasan al-Khatib (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u200e) (1933\u20131982) was a Syrian politician. He was a ceremonial head of state of Syria, appointed by Hafez al-Assad to replace the ousted president Nureddin al-Atassi. Ahmad al-Khatib was a civilian member of the ruling Ba'ath party and served as president for only four months. His position was subsequently filled by Assad. He then became the speaker of the Syrian parliament. He died in Damascus, Syria in 1982. He had many siblings, one of them was Najwa al-Khatib, the wife of Abdulmajid Mansour, a very important doctor in the Syrian army who died in 2007.", "Q1499": "Uttarakhand (), formerly known as Uttaranchal (), is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the \"Devabhumi\" (literally \"Land of the Gods\") due to numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state. Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas, the Bhabar and the Terai regions. On 9 November 2000, Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India, being carved from the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh. It borders Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north; the Sudurpashchim Pradesh of Nepal to the east; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west. The state is divided into two divisions, Garhwal and Kumaon, with a total of 13 districts. The winter capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun, the largest city of the state, which is a railhead. On 4 March 2020, Gairsain, a town in Chamoli District, was declared the summer capital of the state.The High Court of the state is located in Nainital.\nArchaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since prehistoric times. The region formed a part of the Uttarakuru Kingdom during the Vedic age of Ancient India. Among the first major dynasties of Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century BCE who practised an early form of Shaivism. Ashokan edicts at Kalsi show the early presence of Buddhism in this region. During the medieval period, the region was consolidated under the Katyuri rulers of Kumaon also known as 'Kurmanchal Kingdom'.. After the fall of Katyuris, the region was divided into the Kumaon Kingdom and the Garhwal Kingdom. In 1816, most of modern Uttarakhand was ceded to the British as part of the Treaty of Sugauli. Although the erstwhile hill kingdoms of Garhwal and Kumaon were traditional rivals, the proximity of different neighbouring ethnic groups and the inseparable and complementary nature of their geography, economy, culture, language, and traditions created strong bonds between the two regions which further strengthened during the Uttarakhand movement for statehood in the 1990s.\nThe natives of the state are generally called Uttarakhandi, or more specifically either Garhwali or Kumaoni by their region of origin. According to the 2011 Census of India, Uttarakhand has a population of 10,086,292, making it the 20th most populous state in India.", "Q121694": "Fran\u00e7ois Bondy (born in Berlin, 1 January 1915, died in Zurich on 27 May 2003) was a Swiss journalist and novelist.\n\n", "Q101544": "Ernst Weyden (18 May 1805 \u2013 11 October 1869) was a scholar and member of the Faculty at the University of Cologne.", "Q742632": "Douglas Jerome Preston (born May 31, 1956) is an American journalist and author. Although he is best known for his thrillers in collaboration with Lincoln Child (including the Agent Pendergast series and Gideon Crew series), he has also written six solo novels, including the Wyman Ford series and a novel entitled Jennie, which was made into a movie by Disney. He has authored a half-dozen non-fiction books on science and exploration and writes occasionally for The New Yorker, Smithsonian, and other magazines.", "Q72544": "Bogus\u0142aw Fryderyk Radziwi\u0142\u0142 (3 January 1809 \u2013 2 January 1873) was a Polish nobleman and Prussian military officer and politician. At the time Poland was partitioned, he lived in the Kingdom of Prussia, where he was a member of the Prussian parliament (later, of the Prussian House of Lords). He attained the rank of general within the Prussian Army.\nHis father, Prince Antoni Henryk Radziwi\u0142\u0142, was also the Duke-Governor (Polish: ksi\u0105\u017c\u0119-namiestnik, German: Statthalter) of the Grand Duchy of Pozna\u0144, an autonomous province of the Kingdom of Prussia. His mother was Princess Louise of Prussia, and through her, he was great-grandson of King Frederick William I of Prussia, great-great-grandson of King George I of Great Britain, cousin of William I, German Emperor and Tsar Alexander II of Russia. He was the father of Edmund Radziwi\u0142\u0142 and Ferdynand Radziwi\u0142\u0142.\nRadziwi\u0142\u0142 was born in K\u00f6nigsberg and died in Berlin.\n\n", "Q456827": "Tito Schipa (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8skipa]; born Raffaele Attilio Amedeo Schipa; 2 January 1889 in Lecce \u2013 16 December 1965) was an Italian tenor, considered the greatest tenore di grazia and one of the most popular tenors of the century.", "Q52694": "Champvent is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The municipalities of Essert-sous-Champvent and Villars-sous-Champvent merged on 1 January 2012 into Champvent.", "Q224754": "Anthony Howard Goldwyn (born May 20, 1960) is an American actor, singer, producer, director and political activist. He portrayed Carl Bruner in Ghost, Colonel Bagley in The Last Samurai, and the voice of the title character of the Disney animated film Tarzan. He starred in the ABC legal/political drama Scandal as Fitzgerald Grant III, a fictional president of the United States, from 2012 to 2018.", "Q62757": "Hans Friedrich Karl G\u00fcnther (16 February 1891 \u2013 25 September 1968) was a German writer, racial anthropologist, and eugenicist in the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich. He was also known as Race G\u00fcnther (Rasseng\u00fcnther) or Race Pope (Rassenpapst). He is considered to have been a major influence on Nazi racialist thought. He taught at the universities of Jena, Berlin, and Freiburg, writing numerous books and essays on racial theory. G\u00fcnther's Short Ethnology of the German People (1929) was a popular exposition of Nordicism. In May 1930, he was appointed to a new chair of racial theory at Jena. He joined the Nazi Party in 1932 as the only leading racial theorist to join the party before it assumed power in 1933.\n\n", "Q214697": "Christian Adolph Overbeck (21 August 1755 in L\u00fcbeck \u2013 9 March 1821 in L\u00fcbeck) was a German poet, and the Burgomaster of L\u00fcbeck.", "Q1806122": "Larry Thrasher (born 1959) is an American experimental musician, remixer, and producer. [1] Thrasher was a member of Psychic TV, Thee Majesty and Splinter Test. In addition, Thrasher was in collaboration with Kim Cascone on the experimental noise project Thessalonians. He is credited under the aliases DJ Cheb I Sabbah Wa Mektoub, Baba Larry Ji. [2], and Larriji. [3] He is also a long time follower of Meher Baba.", "Q1474129": "Towson University (TU or Towson) is a public university in Towson, Maryland. It is a part of the University System of Maryland. Founded in 1866 as Maryland's first training school for teachers, Towson University has evolved into a university with eight colleges and over 20,000 students. Towson is one of the largest public universities in Maryland and still produces the most teachers of any university in the state. Towson University is ranked as the 98th-best public university and 197th-best overall university nationally in the 2020 U.S. News & World Report rankings.", "Q14819": "Freiberg is a university and former mining town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is a so-called Gro\u00dfe Kreisstadt (large county town) and the administrative centre of Mittelsachsen district.\nIts historic town centre has been placed under heritage conservation and is a chosen site for the proposed UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Ore Mountain Mining Region. Until 1969, the town was dominated for around 800 years by the mining and smelting industries. In recent decades it has restructured into a high technology site in the fields of semiconductor manufacture and solar technology, part of Silicon Saxony. It is home of the oldest university of mining and metallurgy in the world - the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology.\n\n", "Q108560": "Allahrakka Rahman (pronunciation ; born A. S. Dileep Kumar on 6 January 1967), known professionally as A. R. Rahman, is an Indian composer, singer and music producer who works predominantly in Tamil and Hindi movies. His works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music, world music and traditional orchestral arrangements. Rahman also introduced 7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films. He is nicknamed \"Isai Puyal\" (the musical storm) and \"Mozart of Madras\".Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels. With an his in-house studio Panchathan Record Inn, Rahman's film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film Roja. Rahman followed this with successful scores and songs for Tamil\u2013language films for the Chennai film industry, including Ratnam's politically-charged Bombay, the urban Kadhalan, Thiruda Thiruda and S. Shankar's debut film Gentleman.\nRahman's score for his first Hollywood film, the comedy Couples Retreat (2009), won the BMI Award for Best Score. His music for Slumdog Millionaire (2008) earned him Best Original Score and Best Original Song at the 81st Academy Awards. Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist, donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities. In 2017, he made his debut as a director and writer for the film Le Musk.Among Rahman's awards are six National Film Awards, two Academy Awards, two Grammy Awards, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, fifteen Filmfare Awards and seventeen Filmfare Awards South. In 2010 the Indian government awarded him the Padma Bhushan, the nation's third-highest civilian award. In 2009, Rahman was included on the Time 100 list of the world's most influential people. The UK-based world-music magazine Songlines named him one of \"Tomorrow's World Music Icons\" in August 2011. For years, he has been regularly listed one amongthe 500 Most Influential Muslims of the world.", "Q185122": "Tara Leigh Patrick (born April 20, 1972), known professionally as Carmen Electra, is an American model, actress, television personality, singer, and dancer. She began her career as a singer after moving to Minneapolis, where she met Prince, who produced her self-titled debut studio album. Electra began glamour modeling in 1996 with numerous appearances in Playboy magazine. She later relocated to Los Angeles to pursue a career as an actress, playing the role of Lani McKenzie in the television series Baywatch (1997\u20131998). Electra also hosted MTV\u2019s Singled Out (1997-1998). \nElectra made her film debut in the horror comedy American Vampire (1997), and subsequently appeared in a number of movies, including Good Burger (1998), Get Over It (2001), Starsky & Hutch (2004), Cheaper by the Dozen 2, Dirty Love (both 2005), and Hot Tamale (2006). She has also appeared in multiple parody films, including the Scary Movie film series (2000-2006), Date Movie (2006), Epic Movie (2007), Meet the Spartans (2008), and Disaster Movie (2008). In 2005, Electra joined the voice cast of the animated television series Tripping the Rift. She has occasionally worked as a dancer with the Pussycat Dolls, most notably as a featured guest of the group on VH1 Divas 2004.\n\n", "Q274163": "Louise Weiss (25 January 1893 in Arras, Pas-de-Calais \u2013 26 May 1983 in Paris) was a French author, journalist, feminist and European politician.\n\n", "Q118773": "Doreen Jacobi (born 28 February 1974) is a German actress and former model.\n\n", "Q561721": "Tahar Djaout (January 11, 1954 \u2013 June 2, 1993) was an Algerian journalist, poet, and fiction writer. He was assassinated in 1993 by the Armed Islamic Group.\n\n", "Q189718": "Zenodotus (Greek: \u0396\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2) was a Greek grammarian, literary critic, Homeric scholar, and the first librarian of the Library of Alexandria. A native of Ephesus and a pupil of Philitas of Cos, he lived during the reigns of the first two Ptolemies, and was at the height of his reputation about 280 BC.", "Q132830": "Douala (German: Duala) is the largest city in Cameroon and its economic capital. It is also the capital of Cameroon's Littoral Region. Home to Central Africa's largest port and its major international airport, Douala International Airport (DLA), it is the commercial and economic capital of Cameroon and the entire CEMAC region comprising Gabon, Congo, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic and Cameroon. Consequently, it handles most of the country's major exports, such as oil, cocoa and coffee, timber, metals and fruits. As from 2018, the city and its surrounding area had an estimated population of 2,768,400. The city sits on the estuary of Wouri River and its climate is tropical.", "Q1822094": "Lewis Franklin (L.F.) Payne Jr. (born July 9, 1945) is a former member of the United States House of Representatives from the Commonwealth of Virginia. He served the 5th district of the state, which covers much of Southside Virginia.", "Q113626": "Johannes Urzidil (February 3, 1896 \u2013 November 2, 1970) was a writer, poet, historian, born in Prague, he died in Rome. His father was a German Bohemian and his mother was Jewish.\nUrzidil was educated in Prague, studying German, art history, and Slavic languages before turning to journalism and writing. His initial efforts in poetry were influenced by Expressionism, and were published under the pseudonym Hans Elmar. He also worked as a writer and editor of the monthly journal Der Mensch. Among his acquaintances during this period were Franz Werfel, Ludwig Winder and Franz Kafka. From 1922 until 1933 he advised the press section of the German embassy in Prague. When Czechoslovakia was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1939, he was dismissed from employment by the German embassy because of his being \"Halbjude\" (\"half-Jewish\", a Nazi designation) and this situation caused Urzidil to emigrate to Great Britain. There he was financially supported by the British writer Bryher. In 1941 he and his wife, the poet Gertrude Urzidil, came to the United States, acquiring American citizenship in 1946.\nAlthough he published poetry, Urzidil is best known for his prose which, though written in exile, reflects his Bohemian heritage just as well as his new American environment. Among his more notable works are the story Der Trauermantel (1945, Trauermantel is the German name of the Camberwell beauty) about Adalbert Stifter\u2032s youth, and his collections of short stories like The Lost Beloved (1956; the title refers as well to Prague which he had to leave behind when the Nazis occupied Czechoslovakia as to his first love), Prague Triptych (1960, whose composition is derived from that of an altarpiece), or Kidnapping and Seven Other Incidents (1964, whose eight stories are situated in the USA). Urzidil's only novel The Great Hallelujah (1959) shows as literary collage in the tradition of John Dos Passos, Thomas Wolfe, and Alfred D\u00f6blin a manifold panorama of the United States as he experienced them since his arrival in 1941. He wrote also books and essays about cultural history, e. g. The Fortune of Presence. Goethe's View of America (1958), America and the Ancient World (1964), and There Goes Kafka (1965, enlarged 1966), or monographs about artists and poets he admired, such as Hollar, a Czech \u00e9migr\u00e9 in England (1942, revised and abridged translation of his German book Wenceslaus Hollar - the Engraver of the Baroque Era, 1936), or his opus magnum in this genre Goethe in Bohemia (1932, revised and enlarged 1962 and 1965). More over Urzidil translated texts and books from Czech and English into German; worth mentioning is especially his translation (1955) of By Avon River (1949) by the American poet H.D., the companion of Urzidil's life-saver Bryher.\nUrzidil won a number of prizes in his career, including the Charles Veillon Prize (1957) and the Gro\u00dfer \u00d6sterreichischer Staatspreis (1964). He died in Rome in 1970.\nThe main-belt asteroid 70679 Urzidil is named after Urzidil.", "Q3195759": "Kevin McNulty (born December 8, 1955) is a Canadian actor best known for his roles in Ernest Goes to School, Timecop, Fantastic Four, Snakes on a Plane, and Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer.", "Q433073": "Axel Rudi Pell (born 27 June 1960) is a German heavy metal guitar player. He commenced his musical career with Steeler (1984\u201388) before leaving in 1988 for a solo career. During this time, he has played with such drummers as J\u00f6rg Michael and Mike Terrana, and singers Charlie Huhn, Johnny Gioeli of Hardline, Jeff Scott Soto, and Rob Rock. Gioeli remains the longest surviving vocalist of the band, having joined the group since 1998 on the album Oceans of Time, Gioeli's first musical appearance since the 1992 Hardline album Double Eclipse.\nAxel often says his music is about a Knight in shining armour going on various adventures. Each album continues one new quest after the other, and songs are told as separate stories. Axel's main influence in guitar work has been Ritchie Blackmore from Deep Purple. \nSPV Records released a live DVD on 25 February 2008, titled Live over Europe, which includes the full performance from the Rock Hard Festival in 2007, and comes with a bonus disc which includes live footage from Pell's own archive. In 2012 a new Axel Rudi Pell live concert CD/DVD Live on Fire was released. \nIn 2013, ex-Rainbow drummer Bobby Rondinelli joined the band, replacing Mike Terrana after his initial departure in 2013. Mike Terrana wanted to pursue other projects, such as becoming a member of the supergroup The Ferrymen, featuring Rainbow singer Ronnie Romero on vocals.\nAxel celebrated his 25th anniversary as a musician in 2014, headlining the Bang Your Head festival in Balignen Germany on July 11, 2014. It featured one of the original line up's singers: Jeff Scott Soto. Special guests also included Joerg Michael, Rob Rock, Ronnie Atkins, John Lawton, ex-Rainbow singer Graham Bonnett, Doogie White, keyboardist Tony Carey and drummer Vinny Appice. The show consisted of 3 acts: a short Steeler reunion and brief Axel Rudi Pell original line up reunion with Jeff Scott Soto, a full modern Axel Rudi Pell show with vocalist Johnny Gioeli and current band members, and the last act featuring various Deep Purple and Rainbow covers with a full ensemble. \nIn 2019 the band celebrated their 30th anniversary, releasing a double live album called XXX - 30th Anniversary Live. The songs were recorded on various dates of the Knights Call 2018 tour. The group's Facebook page stated at the time that the band did not know they were being recorded but when they heard the audio they were amazed and wanted to release it to celebrate the group's 30th Anniversary. It was released in June 2019 on CD and LP.\nOn February 5, 2020, they announced their latest album on their Facebook page, titled Sign of the Times, due for release in April 24, 2020. A German tour will follow in support of the new record. Axel is well known for his extensive touring, mostly around Germany and his home town in Bochum. He rarely tours in western countries, however has performed a few one off shows in London. There is often high demand to bring him to other countries, but he prefers to perform local shows. They are also famous for attending many music festivals such as making multiple appearances at Wacken Open Air. In March 2020, the band announced a delay of the release of their upcoming album, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and will be released on May 8th, 2020.", "Q15253416": "Millfield is a co-educational independent school for pupils aged 13\u201318 years based in Street, Somerset, England. It was founded in 1935.\nMillfield is a registered charity and is the largest co-educational boarding school in the UK with approximately 1,240 pupils, of whom over 950 are full boarders of over 65 nationalities. Millfield Development and the Millfield Foundation raise money to fund scholarships and bursaries. The school is a member of the G20 Schools Group and a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. The Millfield campus is based over 240 acres in Somerset, in and around Street, in the South West of England.\nMillfield has its own pre-prep and preparatory school, Millfield Preparatory School (also known as Edgarley) in nearby Glastonbury, which takes children from 2 to 13 years old. The prep school shares some of Millfield's facilities. It acts as a feeder school, with over 90% of its pupils typically moving up to Millfield each year.", "Q48814": "Strumica (Macedonian: \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0446\u0430 [\u02c8strumit\u0361sa] (listen)) is the largest city in eastern North Macedonia, near the Novo Selo-Petrich border crossing with Bulgaria. About 100,000 people live in the region surrounding the city. It is named after the Strumica River which runs through it. The city of Strumica is the seat of Strumica Municipality.", "Q699022": "Arrigo Levi (born in Modena on July 17, 1926) is an Italian journalist, essayist and TV anchorman.\n\n", "Q249584": "Martha Carmen Josephine Hernandez Rosario de V\u00e9lez (born August 25, 1945 in New York City) is an American singer and actress of Puerto Rican descent.", "Q498390": "James Louis McCartney (born 12 September 1977) is a British musician and songwriter. He is the only son of songwriter and former Beatle Paul McCartney. He has contributed to a number of solo albums by his parents, including Flaming Pie (1997) and Driving Rain (2001) by Paul McCartney, and Wide Prairie (1998) by Linda McCartney. He has released two EPs and two albums. His most recent, The Blackberry Train, was released on 6 May 2016.", "Q837": "Nepal (Nepali: \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 [ne\u02c8pal]), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a country in South Asia. It is located mainly in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It is the 49th largest country by population and 93rd largest country by area. It is landlocked, and borders China in the north and India in the south, east and west, while Bangladesh is located within only 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip and Bhutan is separated from it by the Indian state of Sikkim. Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the capital and the largest city. Nepal is a multiethnic country with Nepali as the official language.\nThe name \"Nepal\" is first recorded in texts from the Vedic period of the Indian subcontinent, the era in ancient India when Hinduism was founded, the predominant religion of the country. In the middle of the first millennium BCE, Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, was born in Lumbini in southern Nepal. Parts of northern Nepal were intertwined with the culture of Tibet. The centrally located Kathmandu Valley is intertwined with the culture of Indo-Aryans, and was the seat of the prosperous Newar confederacy known as Nepal Mandala. The Himalayan branch of the ancient Silk Road was dominated by the valley's traders. The cosmopolitan region developed distinct traditional art and architecture. By the 18th century, the Gorkha Kingdom achieved the unification of Nepal. The Shah dynasty established the Kingdom of Nepal and later formed an alliance with the British Empire, under its Rana dynasty of premiers. The country was never colonized but served as a buffer state between Imperial China and British India. Parliamentary democracy was introduced in 1951, but was twice suspended by Nepalese monarchs, in 1960 and 2005. The Nepalese Civil War in the 1990s and early 2000s resulted in the establishment of a secular republic in 2008, ending the world's last Hindu monarchy.\nThe Constitution of Nepal, adopted in 2015, affirms Nepal as a secular federal parliamentary republic divided into seven provinces. Nepal was admitted to the United Nations in 1955, and friendship treaties were signed with India in 1950 and the People's Republic of China in 1960. Nepal hosts the permanent secretariat of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), of which it is a founding member. Nepal is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Bay of Bengal Initiative. The military of Nepal is the fifth largest in South Asia; it is notable for its Gurkha history, particularly during the world wars, and has been a significant contributor to United Nations peacekeeping operations.", "Q557293": "Wallace Souza (12 August 1958 \u2013 27 July 2010) was a Brazilian television presenter and politician. He was an elected member of the Legislative Assembly of Amazonas until his expulsion in October 2009. He is commonly known for presenting the controversial program Canal Livre.\nIn 2009 Wallace was subject to worldwide media coverage, when Amazonas State Police launched an investigation into the claims that murders had been ordered in order to boost ratings on his program. Souza died after being formally charged with murder before trial. Two alleged confederates were found not guilty, but Souza's son Rafael was sentenced to nine years for homicide.\n\n", "Q442852": "Sadegh Mahsouli (Persian: \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u200e, born 9 March 1959) is an Iranian politician who was Minister of Interior from 2008 to 2009 and Minister of Welfare and Social Security from 2009 to 2011. He was appointed to this post on 19 November 2009, as part of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's second cabinet after a Parliamentary vote. From 24 March 2008 to 9 August 2009, he was Minister of Interior of Ahmadinejad's first cabinet.\nHe was succeeded Ali Kordan who was impeached by Parliament in November 2008.Mahsouli withdrew his nomination once when the president nominated him for the position of oil minister in 2005 after admitted to Iranian parliament that he was worth $160 million.In 2011, it was announced that Ministry of Welfare will be merged with Ministry of Labour and Mahsouli will be left cabinet after it.Mahsouli was in charge of the Ministry of Interior when the alleged vote rigging happened in Iran's presidential election in June 2009.", "Q69602": "Wilhelm Johann Carl Eduard Stieber (3 May 1818 \u2013 29 January 1882) was Otto von Bismarck's master spy and director of the Prussian Feldgendarmerie. Stieber was both an agent of domestic surveillance and an external agent. Along with Joseph Fouch\u00e9, he invented modern information gathering.", "Q686102": "The Mosesbrunnen (Moses Fountain) is a fountain on M\u00fcnsterplatz in the Old City of Bern, Switzerland. It is a Swiss Cultural Property of National Significance and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Old City of Bern.", "Q69945": "M\u00fcntschemier (French: Monsmier) is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q57673": "Nouri Kamil Mohammed Hasan al-Maliki (Arabic: \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u200e; born 20 June 1950), also known as Jawad al-Maliki (\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a) or Abu Esraa (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621), is an Iraqi politician who was Prime Minister of Iraq from 2006 to 2014. He is secretary-general of the Islamic Dawa Party and was a Vice President of Iraq from 2016 to 2018.\nAl-Maliki began his political career as a Shia dissident under Saddam Hussein's regime in the late 1970s and rose to prominence after he fled a death sentence into exile for 24 years. During his time abroad, he became a senior leader of the Islamic Dawa Party, coordinated the activities of anti-Saddam guerrillas and built relationships with Iranian and Syrian officials whose help he sought in overthrowing Saddam. Al-Maliki worked closely with United States and coalition forces in Iraq following their departure by the end of 2011.\nAl-Maliki and his government succeeded the Iraqi Transitional Government. His first Cabinet was approved by the National Assembly and sworn in on 20 May 2006. His second Cabinet, in which he also held the positions of acting Interior Minister, acting Defense Minister, and acting National Security Minister, was approved on 21 December 2010. In the wake of a string of defeats during the Northern Iraq Offensive, United States officials said that al-Maliki should give up his premiership. On 14 August 2014, he announced his resignation as Prime Minister of Iraq. In September 2014, al-Maliki was elected as one of three Vice Presidents, an office he still holds despite attempts to abolish the post.", "Q78690": "Gerhard Skiba (1947 \u2013 15 March 2019) of the Austrian Social Democratic Party was elected mayor of the city of Braunau am Inn in 1989. He became internationally known after setting up a memorial stone for the victims of Fascism in front of the house where Adolf Hitler was born.", "Q4318": "Theopompus (Greek: \u0398\u03b5\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2, The\u00f3pombos; c. 380 BC \u2013 c. 315 BC) was an ancient Greek historian and rhetorician.", "Q305177": "Jen-Hsun \"Jensen\" Huang (Chinese: \u9ec3\u4ec1\u52f3; pinyin: Hu\u00e1ng R\u00e9nx\u016bn; born February 17, 1963) is a Taiwanese-born American billionaire businessman and electrical engineer. He co-founded the graphics-processor company Nvidia in 1993 and has been its president and chief executive officer (CEO) since inception. Huang graduated from Oregon State University before moving to California. He earned a master's degree from Stanford University. In 2008, Forbes listed him as the 61st highest paid CEO in a list of U.S. CEOs and one of the wealthiest Asian Americans.", "Q3072049": "A zombie film is a film genre. Zombies are fictional creatures usually portrayed as reanimated corpses or virally infected human beings. They are commonly portrayed as cannibalistic in nature. While zombie films generally fall into the horror genre, some cross over into other genres, such as action, comedy, science fiction, thriller, or romance. Distinct subgenres have evolved, such as the \"zombie comedy\" or the \"zombie apocalypse\". Zombies are distinct from ghosts, ghouls, mummies, Frankenstein's monsters or vampires, so this list does not include films devoted to these types of undead.", "Q93157": "Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 \u2013 November 27, 1953) was an American playwright and Nobel laureate in Literature. His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into U.S. drama techniques of realism earlier associated with Russian playwright Anton Chekhov, Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, and Swedish playwright August Strindberg. The drama Long Day's Journey into Night is often numbered on the short list of the finest U.S. plays in the 20th century, alongside Tennessee Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman.O'Neill's plays were among the first to include speeches in American English vernacular and involve characters on the fringes of society. They struggle to maintain their hopes and aspirations, but ultimately slide into disillusionment and despair. Of his very few comedies, only one is well-known (Ah, Wilderness!). Nearly all of his other plays involve some degree of tragedy and personal pessimism.", "Q257625": "Kerry Condon (born 4 January 1983) is an Irish television and film actress, best known for her role as Octavia of the Julii in the HBO/BBC series Rome, as Stacey Ehrmantraut in AMC's Better Call Saul, and as the voice of F.R.I.D.A.Y. in various films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. She is also the youngest actress ever to play Ophelia in a Royal Shakespeare Company production of Hamlet. She appeared in AMC's The Walking Dead in \"30 Days Without an Accident\".", "Q189687": "Zenobia (also known as Elephants Never Forget (UK) and It's Spring Again) is a 1939 comedy film directed by Gordon Douglas and starring Oliver Hardy, Harry Langdon, Billie Burke, Alice Brady, James Ellison, Jean Parker, June Lang, Stepin Fetchit and Hattie McDaniel. The source of the film was the 1891 short story \"Zenobia's Infidelity\" by H.C. Bunner, which was originally purchased by producer Hal Roach as a vehicle for Roland Young.", "Q2769": "Warendorf is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, and capital of Warendorf District.\nThe town is best known today for its well-preserved medieval town centre, for horse-riding, and the opportunities it provides for cycling. Bicycles are such a common means of transport in the area that many cycle paths have been built, even alongside main roads outside the town.", "Q92249": "Elisabeth Ida Marie Flickenschildt (16 March 1905 in Hamburg \u2013 26 October 1977 in Guderhandviertel) was a German actress, producer and author. She appeared in dozens of German language films and television productions between 1935\u20131976.A street, Elisabeth-Flickenschildt-Stra\u00dfe, was named for her in Spandau, Berlin.", "Q847596": "Pontiac () is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan, located in Metro Detroit. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 59,515. It is the county seat of Oakland County and about 12 miles (19 km) north and slightly west of the Detroit city limits.\nFounded in 1818, Pontiac is notably the second European-American organized settlement in Michigan in close proximity to Detroit, second only to Dearborn. It was named after Pontiac, a war chief of the Ottawa people, who had occupied the area before the European-American settlers. The city was best known for its General Motors automobile manufacturing plants of the 20th century, which were the basis of its economy and contributed to the wealth of the region. These included Fisher Body, Pontiac East Assembly (a.k.a. Truck & Coach/Bus), which manufactured GMC products, and the Pontiac Motor Division. In the city's heyday, it was the site of the primary automobile assembly plant for the production of the famed Pontiac cars, a brand that was named after the city. The Pontiac itself was discontinued in 2010 by General Motors. The City of Pontiac also was home to Oakland Motor Car Company, which was acquired by General Motors in 1909.\nIn 1975, the city built the Pontiac Silverdome, the stadium that hosted the Detroit Lions of the National Football League from 1975 to 2001, when the team returned to Downtown Detroit at Ford Field. Super Bowl XVI was played at the Silverdome in 1982. After 2001, the stadium continued to be used for concerts and other events until it was demolished in 2018.", "Q261397": "H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Elizabeth Louise Am\u00e9lie Paula Dolores Poniatowska (born May 19, 1932), known professionally as Elena Poniatowska (audio ) is a French-born Mexican journalist and author, specializing in works on social and political issues focused on those considered to be disenfranchised especially women and the poor. She was born in Paris to upper-class parents, including her mother whose family fled Mexico during the Mexican Revolution. She left France for Mexico when she was ten to escape the Second World War. When she was eighteen and without a university education, she began writing for the newspaper Exc\u00e9lsior, doing interviews and society columns. Despite the lack of opportunity for women from the 1950s to the 1970s, she wrote about social and political issues in newspapers, books in both fiction and nonfiction form. Her best known work is La noche de Tlatelolco (The night of Tlatelolco, the English translation was entitled \"Massacre in Mexico\") about the repression of the 1968 student protests in Mexico City. Although she turned down the title of Princess of Poland that she inherited through her father's royal family, and due to her leftwing views, she has been nicknamed \"the Red Princess.\" She is considered to be \"Mexico's grande dame of letters\" and is still an active writer.", "Q550463": "August Brinell (10 October 1849 \u2013 17 November 1925) was a Swedish Metallurgical Engineer.\nBrinell is noted as the creator of a method for quantifying the surface hardness of materials, now known as the Brinell hardness test. His name is also commemorated in the description of a failure mechanism of material surfaces known as Brinelling.", "Q27394": "Southern Africa is the southernmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics, and including several countries.\nThe term southern Africa or Southern Africa, generally includes Angola, Botswana, Eswatini (also known as Swaziland), Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, though Angola may be included in Central Africa and Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe in East Africa. From a political perspective the region is said to be unipolar with South Africa as a first regional power.", "Q218132": "Zodiac (Zodiak, Russian: \u0417\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043a, Latvian: Zodiaks) was a space disco music band that existed in the 1980s in Latvia, then a part of Soviet Union. The band was extremely popular in the Soviet Union and has been credited by critics as the Soviet answer to the French band Space who were popular at the time.", "Q271184": "Ella Wallace Raines (born Ella Wallace Raubes, August 6, 1920 \u2013 May 30, 1988) was an American film and television actress.", "Q126702": "Till Backhaus (born Neuhaus 13 March 1959) is a German politician. As the German Democratic Republic approached its end as a standalone state, Backhaus was one of those who in December 1989 (re-)founded the Social Democratic Party, more than four decades after its suppression.More recently, in 1998 he was appointed regional Minister for Agriculture in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, a post he retains, making him the longest serving regional minister currently (2018) in office in Germany.", "Q440102": "Emmanuela Beltr\u00e1n Rahola (21 November 1946 \u2013 11 July 2016) better known as Emma Cohen was a Spanish actress, director, producer, and writer. She appeared in many Spanish language films. She portrayed Gallina Caponata in Barrio S\u00e9samo, a counterpart to Big Bird in the Spanish version of Sesame Street.", "Q544416": "Assadollah Mobashery (1909\u20131990) was Persian judge, politician, journalist, poet and translator of Goethe, Corbin and Jaspers from French into Persian.\nHe was for a short period of time Minister of Justice in the first and only democratic cabinet after the Islamic Revolution (1979). He was arrested at the time of Shah and the Islamic Republic both because of his activities for the human rights and was imprisoned.", "Q6881613": "Mithibai College of Arts, Chauhan Institute of Science & Amruthben Jivanlal College of Commerce and Economics is a college affiliated to the University of Mumbai. The college was established in 1961 in Vile Parle, Mumbai by Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal. In 2018 it was granted autonomous status by UGC.", "Q450311": "Alypius of Alexandria (Greek: \u1f08\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2) was a Greek writer on music who flourished around 360. Of his works, only a small fragment has been preserved, under the title of Introduction to Music (\u0395\u1f30\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u1f74 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae).", "Q107914": "Diamonds Are Forever is a 1971 spy film and the seventh in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions. It is the sixth and final Eon film to star Sean Connery, who returned to the role as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond, having declined to reprise the role in On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969).\nThe film is based on Ian Fleming's 1956 novel of the same name, and is the second of four James Bond films directed by Guy Hamilton. The story has Bond impersonating a diamond smuggler to infiltrate a smuggling ring, and soon uncovering a plot by his old enemy Ernst Stavro Blofeld to use the diamonds to build a space-based laser weapon. Bond has to battle his enemy for one last time, to stop the smuggling and stall Blofeld's plan of destroying Washington, D.C., and extorting the world with nuclear supremacy.\nAfter George Lazenby left the series, producers Harry Saltzman and Albert R. Broccoli tested other actors, but studio United Artists wanted Sean Connery back, paying a then-record $1.25 million salary for him to return. The producers were inspired by Goldfinger; as with that film, Guy Hamilton was hired to direct, and Shirley Bassey performs vocals on the title theme song. Locations included Las Vegas, California, Amsterdam and Lufthansa's hangar in West Germany. Diamonds Are Forever was a commercial success, but received mixed reviews, with criticism for its humorous camp tone. The film marked the final appearance of the SPECTRE organization (though not by name) in Eon's Bond films until the 2015 film of the same name.", "Q309995": "Paul Eug\u00e8ne Louis Deschanel (French pronunciation: \u200b[p\u0254l de\u0283an\u025bl]; 13 February 1855, in Schaerbeek \u2013 28 April 1922) was a French statesman. He served as President of France from 18 February to 21 September 1920.", "Q1260": "Kurt Josef Waldheim (German: [\u02c8k\u028a\u0250\u032ft \u02c8valtha\u026am] (listen); 21 December 1918 \u2013 14 June 2007) was an Austrian politician and diplomat. Waldheim was the fourth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981, and President of Austria from 1986 to 1992. While he was running for the latter office in the 1986 election, the revelation of his service in Thessaloniki, Greece and in Yugoslavia, as an intelligence officer in Nazi Germany's Wehrmacht during World War II raised international controversy.\n\n", "Q367094": "Andrew Roane Dick (born Andrew Thomlinson, December 21, 1965) is an American comedian, actor, musician, and television and film producer. Best known as a comic, he is also known for his eccentric behavior, drug addiction, and sexual misconduct allegations and arrests. His first regular television role was on the short-lived but influential Ben Stiller Show. In the mid-1990s, he had a long-running stint on NBC's NewsRadio and was a supporting character on Less than Perfect. He briefly had his own program, The Andy Dick Show, on MTV. He is noted for his outlandish behavior from a number of Comedy Central Roasts and other appearances.", "Q62810": "Andrea Maria Nahles (born 20 June 1970) is a German politician who served as Leader of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) from April 2018 until June 2019 and the leader of the SPD in the Bundestag from September 2017 until June 2019. She served as a Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs from 2013 to 2017 and SPD Youth leader. She is known within the party for criticising Gerhard Schr\u00f6der's Agenda 2010. In June 2019, in the aftermath of the SPD's result in the 2019 European elections, she announced her resignation as leader of the SPD and as parliamentary leader of the SPD. For the transition period until a new SPD-leader is voted in, Manuela Schwesig, Malu Dreyer and Thorsten Sch\u00e4fer-G\u00fcmbel act as her successors.\nNahles left the Bundestag on 31 October 2019.\n\n", "Q4407686": "The M.V. Frunze Higher Naval School, now known as Peter the Great Naval Corps - St. Petersburg Naval Institute, is the oldest of the Russian Navy's naval officer commissioning schools. It is located in Saint Petersburg.", "Q1322901": "Torgeir Vassvik (born 3 October 1962 in Gamvik, S\u00e1pmi) is a Norwegian Sami musician and composer. Vassvik combines Joik with drum and traditional instruments,.", "Q459453": "Phillip Boa (born 18 January 1963, in Dortmund, West Germany) is a German independent music songwriter, musician, singer, guitarist, composer and producer. His current name is unknown after two divorces and name changes. Phillip Boa lives in Dortmund, Hamburg and on the island of Malta. As a songwriter Boa has written over 400 songs, and 21 of his studio albums made it to the top 60 of the charts. He has received several \"Album & Single of the Week\" awards in British magazines like NME, Sounds or Melody Maker. The musical style followed by Boa and his band Phillip Boa & The Voodooclub was described in a review by NME as \"a cross between B52's and Captain Beefheart\". The style of his lyrics is a mix of irony, love songs, sarcasm and is often of bizarre and deranged content.", "Q176135": "Wedding Night in Paradise (German: Hochzeitsnacht im Paradies) is a 1950 West German musical comedy film directed by G\u00e9za von Bolv\u00e1ry and starring Johannes Heesters, Claude Farell, and Gretl Sch\u00f6rg.It is an operetta film, based on the 1942 stage work of the same title.\nThe film's sets were designed by Paul Markwitz and Fritz Maurischat.", "Q358502": "Kisho Kurokawa (\u9ed2\u5ddd \u7d00\u7ae0, Kurokawa Kish\u014d) (April 8, 1934 \u2013 October 12, 2007) was a leading Japanese architect and one of the founders of the Metabolist Movement.\n\n", "Q43160": "The Mittagg\u00fcpfi (also known as Gnepfstein) is a mountain of the Emmental Alps, located west of the mountain of Pilatus on the border between the Swiss cantons of Lucerne and Obwalden.", "Q7177": "Jean-Marie Le Pen (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292\u0251\u0303 ma.\u0281i l\u0259.p\u025bn]; born 20 June 1928) is a French politician who served as President of the National Front from 1972 to 2011. He also served as Honorary President of the National Front from 2011 to 2018.\nHe graduated from faculty of law in Paris in 1949. After his time in the military, he studied political science and law at Panth\u00e9on-Assas University.\nLe Pen focuses on issues related to immigration to France, the European Union, traditional culture and values, law and order and France's high rate of unemployment. His progression in the 1980s is known as the \"lep\u00e9nisation of spirits\" due to its noticeable effect on mainstream political opinion. His controversial speeches and his integration into public life have made him a figure who polarizes opinion, considered as the \"Devil of the Republic\" among his opponents or as the \"last samurai in politics\" among his supporters.\nHis longevity in politics and his five attempts to become President of France have made him a major figure in French political life. His progress to the second round in the 2002 presidential election left its mark on French public life and the \"21st of April\" is now a frequently used expression in France. A former Member of the European Parliament (MEP), he served as the Honorary President of the National Front from 2011 to 2018. He was expelled from the party by his daughter Marine Le Pen in 2015, after new controversial statements.", "Q2057876": "The Academia Argentina de Letras is the academy in charge of studying and prescribing the use of the Spanish language in Argentina. Since its establishment, on August 13, 1931, it has maintained ties with the Royal Spanish Academy and the other Spanish-language academies that are members to the Association of Spanish Language Academies. Since 1999, it has officially been a correspondent academy. It currently comprises 24 full members, elected because of their significant backgrounds on language-related works, or literature studies. They make up the directing body of the academy, and they are capable of electing honorary and correspondent academic members.", "Q98764": "Titus Ullrich (22 August 1813 \u2013 17 December 1891) was a German poet, dramatist, art critic and literary critic from the County of Kladsko. Some of his songs were set by Robert Schumann.\nThe son of a farmer and grandson of the Mayor of Habelschwerdt (now Bystrzyca K\u0142odzka), he was born in the Hallmannschen Haus, Ring no. 7, where his mother had taken refuge during the disorder of the war. Raised by his grandfather, he entered the Glatzer Gymnasium in 1825, and proceeded in 1832 to Breslau to study philosophy and classics, continuing his studies in Berlin one year later. He earnt his doctorate in 1836.\nThe death of his father thwarted his plan of a habilitation, and he took employment as a private tutor in Berlin. His first works, Das Hohe Lied and Viktor, were published in 1845 and 1847 and attracted a cult following. These ambitious philosophical epics championed the ideas of Ludwig Feuerbach. In 1848 he improved his financial position by taking a job as a columnist at the National-Zeitung, where he remained until 1860. He was one of the founders of the R\u00fctli literary group. In 1854 he travelled to Italy, and in 1857 he was able to visit the major art exhibition in Manchester, taking the opportunity to explore England and Scotland, and, on the way home, Belgium and Paris. His observations were published in the National-Zeitung and were collected after his death as Reisestudien (1893).\nTowards the end of 1860 he was appointed privy secretary in the offices of the General Intendant of the Royal Theatre. He was later promoted to Privy Counsellor to the King, and then commissary. He continued to publish poetry but later regretted that he had not devoted more effort to his creative writing. His marriage to Emilie Ribbeck was happy and his life generally uneventful. He went into retirement in 1887, and died in Berlin in 1891.", "Q369907": "Abul A'la Maududi (Urdu: \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u200e \u2013 alternative spellings of last name Maudoodi, Mawdudi, also known as Abul Al\u0101 Mawd\u016bd\u012b; (1903-09-25)25 September 1903 \u2013 (1979-09-22)22 September 1979) was a Pakistani Muslim philosopher, jurist, historian, journalist, activist and scholar.\nDescribed by Wilfred Cantwell Smith as \"the most systematic thinker of modern Islam\", his numerous works, which \"covered a range of disciplines such as Qur\u2019anic exegesis, hadith, law, philosophy and history\", were written in Urdu, but then translated into English, Arabic, Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Burmese, Malayalam and many other languages. He sought to revive Islam, and to propagate what he understood to be \"true Islam\". He believed that Islam was essential for politics, and that it was necessary to institute sharia and preserve Islamic culture similar to the reign of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and abandon immorality, from what he viewed as the evils of secularism, nationalism and socialism, which he understood to be the influence of Western imperialism.He was the founder of the Jamaat-e-Islami, the then largest Islamic organisation in Asia. Maududi and his followers are thought to have been the pioneers in politicizing Islam and generating support for an Islamic state in Pakistan.\nThey are thought to have helped inspire General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq to introduce \"Sharization\" to Pakistan,\nand to have been greatly strengthened by him after tens of thousands of members and sympathizers were given jobs in the judiciary and civil service during his administration.\nHe was the first recipient of the Saudi Arabian King Faisal International Award for his service to Islam in 1979.\nMaududi was part of establishing and running of Islamic University of Madinah, Saudi Arabia.He has been the second person in history whose absentee funeral was observed in the Kaaba, succeeding King Ashama ibn-Abjar.\n\n", "Q264589": "Carolina Herrera (born 8 January 1939) is a Venezuelan fashion designer known for \"exceptional personal style\", and for dressing various First Ladies, including Jacqueline Onassis, Laura Bush, and Michelle Obama.", "Q15326": "Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems. The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions are present: a person drinks large amounts of alcohol over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use. Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body, but it particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas and immune system. Alcoholism can result in mental illness, Wernicke\u2013Korsakoff syndrome, irregular heartbeat, an impaired immune response, liver cirrhosis and increased cancer risk. Drinking during pregnancy can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Women are generally more sensitive than men to the harmful effects of alcohol.Environmental factors and genetics are two components associated with alcoholism, with about half the risk attributed to each. Someone with a parent or sibling with alcoholism is three to four times more likely to become an alcoholic themselves. Environmental factors include social, cultural and behavioral influences. High stress levels and anxiety, as well as alcohol's inexpensive cost and easy accessibility, increase the risk. People may continue to drink partly to prevent or improve symptoms of withdrawal. After a person stops drinking alcohol, they may experience a low level of withdrawal lasting for months. Medically, alcoholism is considered both a physical and mental illness. Questionnaires and certain blood tests may detect possible alcoholism. Further information is then collected to confirm the diagnosis.Prevention of alcoholism may be attempted by regulating and limiting the sale of alcohol, taxing alcohol to increase its cost, and providing inexpensive treatment. Treatment of alcoholism may take several forms. Due to medical problems that can occur during withdrawal, alcohol detoxification should be carefully controlled. One common method involves the use of benzodiazepine medications, such as diazepam. These can be either given while admitted to a health care institution or occasionally while a person remains in the community with close supervision. Mental illness or other addictions may complicate treatment. After detoxification, group therapy or support groups are used to help keep a person from returning to drinking. One commonly used form of support is the group Alcoholics Anonymous. The medications acamprosate, disulfiram or naltrexone may also be used to help prevent further drinking.The World Health Organization has estimated that as of 2010, there were 208 million people with alcoholism worldwide (4.1% of the population over 15 years of age). As of 2015 in the United States, about 17 million (7%) of adults and 0.7 million (2.8%) of those age 12 to 17 years of age are affected. Alcoholism is most common among males and young adults, and is less common in middle and old age. Geographically, it is least common in Africa (1.1% of the population) and has the highest rates in Eastern Europe (11%). Alcoholism directly resulted in 139,000 deaths in 2013, up from 112,000 deaths in 1990. A total of 3.3 million deaths (5.9% of all deaths) are believed to be due to alcohol. Alcoholism reduces a person's life expectancy by approximately ten years. Many terms, some insulting and others informal, have been used to refer to people affected by alcoholism; the expressions include tippler, drunkard, dipsomaniac and souse. In 1979, the World Health Organization discouraged the use of \"alcoholism\" due to its inexact meaning, preferring \"alcohol dependence syndrome\".\n\n", "Q4129798": "The Advanced Course for Screenwriters and Film Directors (Russian: \u0412\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0451\u0440\u043e\u0432 (\u0412\u041a\u0421\u0420)) is a graduate or post-graduate course at the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography (VGIK) in Moscow, Russia. Formerly state-funded it is now independent from the state educational establishment in Russia offering professional education in cinematography, screenwriting, production and direction. Established in 1963 in the Soviet Union, but tracing its history back to 1956, the Advanced Course is the oldest professional qualification in the cinematographic arts in Russia for people with relevant higher education qualifications.", "Q1871553": "Louis Brennan (28 January 1852 \u2013 17 January 1932) was an Irish-Australian mechanical engineer and inventor.", "Q959964": "Rustem Rinatovich Adagamov (Russian: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0301\u043c \u0420\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432) is an influential Russian blogger who goes by the pseudonym of \"Drugoi\" (\"\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439\"), meaning \"Another\". The Daily Telegraph has described Adagamov as \"Russia's number one blogger\".In 2009 Kremlin's press department invited him to cover a meeting between Dmitry Medvedev and his visiting Indian counterpart Pratibha Patil.\n\n", "Q502325": "Andrey Nikolayevich Malakhov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0445\u043e\u0432; born 11 January 1972) is a Russian television personality and TV presenter on the main Russian television channel, Russia-1.", "Q146948": "Cipriano Ricardo Flores Mag\u00f3n (Spanish pronunciation: [ri\u02c8ka\u027e\u00f0o \u02c8flo\u027ees ma\u02c8\u0263on], known as Ricardo Flores Mag\u00f3n; September 16, 1874 \u2013 November 21, 1922) was a noted Mexican anarchist and social reform activist. His brothers Enrique and Jes\u00fas were also active in politics. Followers of the Flores Mag\u00f3n brothers were known as Magonistas. He has been considered an important participant in the social movement that sparked the Mexican Revolution.", "Q2706876": "I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University is the main university of Chuvashia in the Russian Federation. It is in Cheboksary, the capital of the Chuvash Republic, on the Volga River northeast of Moscow.\nThe university has over 10,000 students and 3,865 faculty, including 77 Doctors of Sciences (equivalent to full professors) and 446 Candidates of Sciences (equivalent to PhDs).\nThe rector is Andrey Aleksandrov.\nInternational Students", "Q3163150": "Javier G\u00f3mez-Navarro Navarrete (born 13 September 1945) is a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Trade and Tourism from July 1993 to May 1996.", "Q232917": "Majel Barrett-Roddenberry (; born Majel Leigh Hudec; February 23, 1932 \u2013 December 18, 2008) was an American actress and producer. She was best known for her roles as Nurse Christine Chapel in the original Star Trek series and Lwaxana Troi on Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, as well as for being the voice of most onboard computer interfaces throughout the series. She became the second wife of Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry.\nAs the wife of Roddenberry and given her ongoing relationship with Star Trek\u2014participating in some way in every series during her lifetime\u2014she was sometimes referred to as \"the First Lady of Star Trek\".", "Q584632": "Mario Agnes (6 December 1931, Serino \u2013 9 May 2018, Vatican City) was an Italian journalist. In 1984 he was appointed editor-in-chief of L'Osservatore Romano by Pope John Paul II. He held the position until his retirement in 2007, at which point he was honored by Pope Benedict XVI.", "Q403991": "Aiden Brady (also known as Aiden Shaw) is an author, musician, model and former pornographic film actor.\n\n", "Q737332": "Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05e1\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea \u05d1\u05df-\u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05e0\u05d2\u05d1\u200e, Universitat Ben-Guriyon baNegev) is a public research university in Beersheba, Israel. Ben-Gurion University of the Negev has five campuses: the Marcus Family Campus, Beer Sheva; the David Bergmann Campus, Beer Sheva; the David Tuviyahu Campus, Beer Sheva; the Sede Boqer Campus, and Eilat Campus.\nBen-Gurion University is a center for teaching and research with about 20,000 students. Some of its research institutes include the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research with the Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, and the Ben-Gurion Research Institute for the Study of Israel and Zionism.", "Q10507549": "Good to See You Again, Alice Cooper is a 1974 feature film starring Alice Cooper. The movie primarily features live concert footage of the Alice Cooper band on their record-breaking Billion Dollar Babies tour, filmed in Texas (mostly at the Sam Houston Coliseum) in April 1973, with some footage from other tour stops, including the Memorial Coliseum, Portland, Oregon, intercut with 'comedy' scenes of a German film director chasing the \"Cooper gang\" for revenge after they abandoned his would-be masterpiece movie.\nTwo versions of the film exist. The alternate version was issued for its original theatrical release across the US in 1974. Poorly edited and virtually unscripted, the 'storyline' segments of the original version were replaced with black & white excerpts of scenes from old Hollywood movies. Despite this the film still failed at the box office. This version of the film remains commercially unreleased, although bootleg copies have been circulating amongst fans and at Record Fairs readily since the early-1980s.\nThe original version of the film was eventually restored and released in 2005 on DVD, which includes Cooper providing insightful audio commentary. \nOn September 14, 2010 Shout! Factory released the film (original version) on Blu-ray for the first time.\nThe film was shown only in Broome County, New York on its opening day, the one place in the USA that banned Alice Cooper from playing at their arena the year before.\nThe film provides a glimpse of a far less family-friendly Alice Cooper than that portrayed in the Welcome to My Nightmare concert film (shot two years later on the lead singer's first solo tour). The concert segments were performed by the original five-piece band (plus two live session musicians) at their artistic and commercial peak, and there is ample evidence of the behavior and implications which made the early Alice Cooper character such a controversial figure. The heavy sarcasm, pointed social satire (mannequin stage-props equipped with pubic hair, skewered baby dolls, a bloody 'execution' sequence, and in the show's finale, when an American flag is unfurled and a Richard M. Nixon impersonator is 'beaten up' by the entire band), confrontational improvisation (frontman Cooper taunting audience members), and the infamous boa constrictor were all present.", "Q59138": "Diogenes La\u00ebrtius ( dy-OJ-in-eez lay-UR-shee-\u0259s; Greek: \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u039b\u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, translit. Diog\u00e9n\u0113s La\u00e9rtios; fl.\u20093rd century AD) was a biographer of the Greek philosophers. Nothing is definitively known about his life, but his surviving Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers is a principal source for the history of ancient Greek philosophy. His reputation is controversial among scholars because he often repeats information from his sources without critically evaluating it. He also frequently focuses on trivial or insignificant details of his subjects' lives while ignoring important details of their philosophical teachings and he sometimes fails to distinguish between earlier and later teachings of specific philosophical schools. However, unlike many other ancient secondary sources, Diogenes La\u00ebrtius generally reports philosophical teachings without attempting to reinterpret or expand on them, which means his accounts are often closer to the primary sources. Due to the loss of so many of the primary sources on which Diogenes relied, his work has become the foremost surviving source on the history of Greek philosophy.", "Q122202": "Heinz Ludwig Arnold (29 March 1940 in Essen \u2013 1 November 2011 in G\u00f6ttingen) was a German literary journalist and publisher. He was also a leading advocate for contemporary literature.", "Q46018": "Raima Sen (born Raima Dev Varma on 07 November 1979) is an Indian actress who is known for her work in Bengali and Hindi Film industry.", "Q208447": "Thousand Oaks is the second-largest city in Ventura County, California, United States. It is in the northwestern part of Greater Los Angeles, approximately 40 miles (64 km) from Downtown Los Angeles, and is less than 15 miles (24 km) from the Los Angeles neighborhood of Woodland Hills. It is named after the many oak trees present in the area, and the city seal is adorned with an oak.\nThe city forms the central populated core of the Conejo Valley. Thousand Oaks was incorporated in 1964, but has since expanded to the west and east. Two-thirds of neighboring Westlake Village and most of Newbury Park were annexed by the city during the late 1960s and 1970s. The Los Angeles County\u2013Ventura County line crosses at the city's eastern border with Westlake Village. The population was estimated to be 127,690 in 2018, up from 126,683 at the 2010 census.", "Q51564": "John David Landis (; born August 3, 1950) is an American film director, comedian, screenwriter, actor, and producer. He is best known for the comedy films that he has directed, such as National Lampoon's Animal House (1978), The Blues Brothers (1980), An American Werewolf in London (1981), Trading Places (1983), Three Amigos (1986), Coming to America (1988) and Beverly Hills Cop III (1994), and for directing Michael Jackson's music videos for \"Thriller\" (1983) and \"Black or White\" (1991).", "Q3417354": "Marquis Raffaele Luigi De Ferrari, Prince of Lucedio, Duke of Galliera (6 July 1803 \u2013 23 November 1876) was an Italian philanthropist and politician.\nRaffaele was born at Genoa from an aristocratic family, he was a senator of the Kingdom of Sardinia and had the title of Duke of Galliera from 18 September 1838 at the behest of Pope Gregory XVI. The title was recognized by King Charles Albert of Sardinia on 18 July 1843, he was also created Prince of Lucedio.\nRaffaele made his economic fortune in Paris, where he live most of the time.", "Q711493": "Eugene Francis Kranz (born August 17, 1933) is an American aerospace engineer, a former fighter pilot, and a retired NASA Flight Director and manager. Kranz served as NASA's second Chief Flight Director, directing missions of the Gemini and Apollo programs, including the first lunar landing mission, Apollo 11. He is best known for directing the successful efforts by the Mission Control team to save the crew of Apollo 13, and was later portrayed in the major motion picture of the same name by actor Ed Harris. He is also noted for his close-cut flattop hairstyle and the dapper \"mission\" vests (waistcoats) of different styles and materials made by his wife, Marta Kranz, for his Flight Director missions.\nA personal friend of the American astronauts of his time, Kranz remains a prominent and colorful figure in the history of U.S. manned space exploration; he coined the phrase \"tough and competent\", which became known as the \"Kranz Dictum\". Kranz has been the subject of movies, documentary films, and books and periodical articles. Kranz is a recipient of a Presidential Medal of Freedom. In a 2010 Space Foundation survey, Kranz was ranked as the #2 most popular space hero.", "Q2492063": "David John Ryall (5 January 1935 \u2013 25 December 2014) was an English stage, film and television character actor. He had leading roles in Lytton's Diary and Goodnight Sweetheart, as well as memorable roles in Dennis Potter's The Singing Detective and Andrew Davies's adaptation of To Play the King. He also portrayed Billy Buzzle in the ITV sitcom Bless Me, Father and Frank in the BBC sitcom Outnumbered.", "Q809821": "Voorburg is a town and former municipality in the west part of the province of South Holland, Netherlands. Together with Leidschendam and Stompwijk, it makes up the municipality Leidschendam-Voorburg. It has a population of about 39,000 people. It is considered to be the oldest city in The Netherlands and celebrated its 2000th year of existence in 1988.In 2002, the cities of Leidschendam and Voorburg were merged under the new municipality named \"Leidschendam-Voorburg\". Situated adjacent to the city of The Hague, it is often regarded as one of its suburbs.", "Q57115": "Crans-pr\u00e8s-C\u00e9ligny (French for Crans near C\u00e9ligny) is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q768636": "Semyon Ariyevich Kosberg (\u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0410\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433 in Russian) (October 1(14), 1903, Slutsk - January 3, 1965, Voronezh) was a Soviet engineer, expert in the field of aircraft and rocket engines, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1959), Hero of Socialist Labor (1961).\nIn 1931, Semyon Kosberg graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute. He then worked in some of the biggest planning organizations of the Soviet aircraft industry. In 1941, Kosberg was appointed chief designer of an aircraft design bureau, later known as OKB-154, which he ran until his death. He is known for his contributions to the creation of aircraft engines, mounted on the Lavochkin La-5, Lavochkin La-7, and other mass wartime aircraft. In 1946-1965, Kosberg supervised the development of a series of liquid fuel rocket engines, which would be mounted on the final stages of carrier rockets and put into orbit piloted spacecraft, satellites, and interplanetary automatic space stations.\nSemyon Kosberg was awarded the Lenin Prize (1960), Order of Lenin, three other orders and different medals. A crater on the far side of the Moon is named after him.", "Q37": "Lithuania ( (listen) LITH-ew-AY-nee-\u0259; Lithuanian: Lietuva [l\u02b2\u026a\u025bt\u028a\u02c8v\u0250]), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. Lithuania is considered to be one of the Baltic states. The country is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.8 million people as of 2019, and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Other major cities are Kaunas and Klaip\u0117da. Lithuanians are Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family, the other being Latvian.\nFor centuries, the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various Baltic tribes. In the 1230s, the Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas and the Kingdom of Lithuania was created on 6 July 1253. During the 14th century, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the largest country in Europe; present-day Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Poland and Russia were the territories of the Grand Duchy. With the Lublin Union of 1569, Lithuania and Poland formed a voluntary two-state personal union, the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighbouring countries systematically dismantled it from 1772 to 1795, with the Russian Empire annexing most of Lithuania's territory.\nAs World War I neared its end, Lithuania's Act of Independence was signed on 16 February 1918, declaring the founding of the modern Republic of Lithuania. In the midst of the Second World War, Lithuania was first occupied by the Soviet Union and then by Nazi Germany. As World War II neared its end and the Germans retreated, the Soviet Union reoccupied Lithuania. On 11 March 1990, a year before the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union, Lithuania became the first Baltic state to declare itself independent, resulting in the restoration of an independent State of Lithuania.\nLithuania is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index, a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties, press freedom, internet freedom, democratic governance and peacefulness. Lithuania is a member of the European Union, the Council of Europe, eurozone, Schengen Agreement, NATO and OECD. It is also a member of the Nordic Investment Bank, and part of Nordic-Baltic cooperation of Northern European countries.", "Q58226": "D\u00fcsseldorf Airport (German: Flughafen D\u00fcsseldorf, pronounced [\u02ccflu\u02d0kha\u02d0fn\u0329 \u02c8d\u028fsl\u0329d\u0254\u0281f]; until March 2013 D\u00fcsseldorf International Airport; IATA: DUS, ICAO: EDDL) is the international airport of D\u00fcsseldorf, the capital of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is about 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of downtown D\u00fcsseldorf, and some 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-west of Essen in the Rhine-Ruhr area, Germany's largest metropolitan area.\nD\u00fcsseldorf is the third largest airport in Germany after Frankfurt and Munich; it handled 24.5 million passengers in 2017. It is a hub for Eurowings and a focus city for several more airlines. The airport has three passenger terminals and two runways and can handle wide-body aircraft up to the Airbus A380.", "Q827504": "Bert Wilson (October 15, 1939 in Evansville, Indiana \u2013 June 6, 2013 in Olympia, Washington) is an American jazz clarinetist and saxophonist.Wilson's father and grandfather were both vaudeville showmen, and as a very young child, he did routines in traveling shows with his grandfather, but after contracting polio at age four, he suffered extended paralysis and was unable to move his arms for years. Once he recovered, he learned piano, and picked up clarinet at age thirteen; he didn't begin playing saxophone until age 18, after he had relocated from Chicago to Los Angeles.\nIn California, Wilson played as a leader in groups which included George Morrow and Albert Stinson, and played a show with John Coltrane in 1966. Later in 1966 he moved to New York City, where he played with James Zitro and Sonny Simmons; he returned to California in 1969, moving to Berkeley, where he worked with Barbara Donald, Donald Garrett, Eddie Marshall, and Smiley Winters.\nLater in the 1970s he moved briefly to Woodstock, New York, and at the end of the decade relocated to Olympia, Washington, where he led the group Rebirth, a group which included, at times, Nancy Curtis, Chuck Metcalf, Bob Myers, Jack Perciful, Chuck Stentz, and Allen Youngblood.", "Q40469": "The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1846, it operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. Its members are U.S. newspapers and broadcasters. The AP news report, distributed to its members and customers, is produced in English, Spanish and Arabic. The AP has earned 53 Pulitzer Prizes, including 31 for photography, since the award was established in 1917.\nThe AP has counted the vote in U.S. elections since 1848, including national, state and local races down to the legislative level in all 50 states, along with key ballot measures. The AP collects and verifies returns in every county, parish, city and town across the U.S., and declares winners in over 5,000 contests.\nAs of 2016, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,300 newspapers and broadcasters. The AP operates 263 news bureaus in 106 countries. It also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice hourly for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, paying a fee to use AP material without being contributing members of the cooperative. As part of their cooperative agreement with the AP, most member news organizations grant automatic permission for the AP to distribute their local news reports. The AP traditionally employed the \"inverted pyramid\" formula for writing which enables the news outlets to edit a story to fit its available publication area without losing the story's essentials.", "Q152929": "Meat Loaf (Michael Lee Aday, born Marvin Lee Aday, September 27, 1947) is an American singer and actor. He is noted for his powerful, wide-ranging voice and for his theatrical live shows.\nMeat Loaf's Bat Out of Hell trilogy of albums\u2014Bat Out of Hell, Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell, and Bat Out of Hell III: The Monster Is Loose\u2014has sold more than 50 million albums worldwide. More than 40 years after its release, Bat Out of Hell still sells an estimated 200,000 copies annually and stayed on the charts for over nine years, making it one of the best selling albums in history.After the commercial success of Bat Out of Hell and Bat Out of Hell II: Back Into Hell, and earning a Grammy Award for Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance for the song \"I'd Do Anything for Love\", Meat Loaf nevertheless experienced some difficulty establishing a steady career within the United States. This did not stop him from becoming one of the best-selling music artists of all time, with worldwide sales of more than 80 million records. The key to this success was his retention of iconic status and popularity in Europe, especially the United Kingdom, where he received the 1994 Brit Award for best-selling album and single, appeared in the 1997 film Spice World, and ranks 23rd for the number of weeks spent on the UK charts, as of 2006. He ranks 96th on VH1's \"100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock\".Sometimes credited as Meat Loaf Aday, he has also appeared in over 50 movies and television shows, sometimes as himself or as characters resembling his stage persona. His most notable film roles include Eddie in The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975), and Robert \"Bob\" Paulson in Fight Club (1999). His early stage work included dual roles in the original cast of The Rocky Horror Show, and he was also in the musical Hair, both on- and off-Broadway.", "Q381505": "Robert Samuel Kerr (September 11, 1896 \u2013 January 1, 1963) was an American businessman and politician from Oklahoma. Kerr formed a petroleum company before turning to politics. He served as the 12th Governor of Oklahoma and was elected three times to the United States Senate. Kerr worked natural resources, and his legacy includes water projects that link the Arkansas River via the Gulf of Mexico. He was the first Oklahoma governor born in the territory of the state.", "Q935666": "A make-up or makeup artist (MUA) is an artist whose medium is the human body, applying makeup and prosthetics on others for theatre, television, film, fashion, magazines and other similar productions including all aspects of the modeling industry. Awards given for this profession in the entertainment industry include the Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling, and entertainment industry awards such as the Emmy Awards, and the Golden Globes. In some countries professional licenses are required by agencies in order for them to hire the MUA. Bigger production companies have in-house makeup artists on their payroll although most MUA's generally are freelance and their times remain flexible depending on the projects.", "Q95254": "Manuel Armando Cortez (born 24 May 1979 in Freiburg im Breisgau) is a German-Portuguese actor, creative director and photographer.", "Q241735": "Robert Norton Noyce (December 12, 1927 \u2013 June 3, 1990), nicknamed \"the Mayor of Silicon Valley,\" was an American physicist who co-founded Fairchild Semiconductor in 1957 and Intel Corporation in 1968. He is also credited with the realization of the first monolithic integrated circuit or microchip, which fueled the personal computer revolution and gave Silicon Valley its name.\n\n", "Q60975": "J\u00fcrgen R\u00fcttgers (born 26 June 1951 in Cologne) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as the 9th Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2005 to 2010.\n\n", "Q51570": "George Roy Hill (December 20, 1921 \u2013 December 27, 2002) was an American film director. He is most noted for directing such films as Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) and The Sting (1973), both starring Paul Newman and Robert Redford.Other Hill films include: Slaughterhouse-Five, The World According to Garp, The World of Henry Orient, Hawaii, Thoroughly Modern Millie, The Great Waldo Pepper, Slap Shot, Funny Farm, A Little Romance, and The Little Drummer Girl.\nAccording to one obituary \"few directors achieved such fame and success... even fewer enjoyed such eminence for such a short period of time.\"", "Q1139341": "Creation Records Ltd. was a British independent record label founded in 1983 by Alan McGee, Dick Green, and Joe Foster. Its name came from the 1960s band The Creation, whom McGee greatly admired. The label ceased operations in 1999, although it was revived at one point in 2011 for the release of the compilation album Upside Down.\nOver the course of its sixteen-year history, Creation predominantly focused on alternative rock, releasing several influential indie rock, shoegazing, and Britpop records, but also featured bands performing various other styles of rock, including indie pop and post-punk, as well as some electronic, folk, and experimental artists.", "Q123108": "Volker Kutscher (born December 26, 1962, Lindlar) is a German novelist, best known for his Berlin-based Gereon Rath crime series, which serves as the basis for Sky thriller series Babylon Berlin.", "Q414221": "The Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (Czech: Akademie m\u00fazick\u00fdch um\u011bn\u00ed v Praze, AMU) is a university in the centre of Prague, Czech Republic, specialising in the study of music, dance, drama, film, television and multi-media. It is the largest art school in the Czech Republic, with more than 350 educators and researchers, and 1500 students.The academy consists of three faculties: a Film and TV School (FAMU); Music and Dance Faculty (HAMU); and Theatre Faculty (DAMU), offering Bachelor, Masters, and Doctoral level courses, as well as conducting artistic research, and in some departments also research in art history and theory. AMU has two cross-faculty pedagogical facilities: a Languages Centre and a Sports, Rehabilitation and Movement Centre. The university also has two facilities outside Prague designed for residential multi-day creative projects.", "Q23": "George Washington (February 22, 1732 \u2013 December 14, 1799) was an American political leader, military general, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Previously, he led Patriot forces to victory in the nation's War for Independence. He presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which established the U.S. Constitution\nand a federal government. Washington has been called the \"Father of His Country\" for his manifold leadership in the formative days of the new nation.\nWashington received his initial military training and command with the Virginia Regiment during the French and Indian War. He was later elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses and was named a delegate to the Continental Congress, where he was appointed Commanding General of the Continental Army. He commanded American forces, allied with France, in the defeat and surrender of the British during the Siege of Yorktown. He resigned his commission after the Treaty of Paris in 1783.\nWashington played a key role in adopting and ratifying the Constitution and was then elected president (twice) by the Electoral College. He implemented a strong, well-financed national government while remaining impartial in a fierce rivalry between cabinet members Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. During the French Revolution, he proclaimed a policy of neutrality while sanctioning the Jay Treaty. He set enduring precedents for the office of president, including the title \"President of the United States\", and his Farewell Address is widely regarded as a pre-eminent statement on republicanism.\nWashington owned slaves, and in order to preserve national unity he supported measures passed by Congress to protect slavery. He later became troubled with the institution of slavery and freed his slaves in a 1799 will. He endeavored to assimilate Native Americans into Anglo-American culture but combated indigenous resistance during occasions of violent conflict. He was a member of the Anglican Church and the Freemasons, and he urged broad religious freedom in his roles as general and president. Upon his death, he was eulogized as \"first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen\". He has been memorialized by monuments, art, geographical locations, stamps, and currency, and many scholars and polls rank him among the greatest U.S. presidents.", "Q124667": "Otto Friedrich Rudolf von Tavel (21 December 1866 \u2013 18 October 1934 in Bern) was a Swiss journalist and writer. Many of his novels were written in Bernese rather than Standard German, and he is one of the best-known authors in that language.", "Q7163": "Politics (Greek: \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac,\npolitik\u00e1, 'affairs of the cities') is the set of activities that are associated with the governance of a country, state or area. It involves making decisions that apply to groups of members and achieving and exercising positions of governance\u2014organized control over a human community. The academic study of politics is referred to as political science.\nIn modern nation states, people often form political parties to represent their ideas. Members of a party often agree to take the same position on many issues and agree to support the same changes to law and the same leaders. An election is usually a competition between different parties. Examples of political parties worldwide include: the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa; the Democratic Party (D) in the United States; the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom; the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) in Germany; and the Indian National Congress in India, which has the highest number of political parties in the world (2,546 political parties).Politics is a multifaceted word. It has a set of fairly specific meanings that are descriptive and nonjudgmental (e.g. \"the art or science of government\" and \"political principles\"), but does often colloquially carry a negative connotation. The word has been used negatively for many years: the British national anthem, as published in 1745, calls on God to \"confound their politics,\" while the phrase \"play politics,\" for example, has been in use since at least 1853, when abolitionist Wendell Phillips declared that \"we do not play politics; anti-slavery is no half-jest with us.\"A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising force, including warfare against adversaries. Politics is exercised on a wide range of social levels, from clans and tribes of traditional societies, through modern local governments, companies and institutions up to sovereign states, to the international level. During the past decade two tendencies made it possible to overlook comparative politics: 1. concern for theoretical explication and methodological rigor; and 2. the emphasis on field studies of the \u201cemerging,\u201d \u201cnew,\u201d and \u201cnon-Western\u201d nations.A political system is a framework which defines acceptable political methods within a society. The history of political thought can be traced back to early antiquity, with seminal works such as Plato's Republic, Aristotle's Politics, Chanakya's Arthashastra and Chanakya Niti (3rd Century BCE), as well as the works of Confucius.", "Q156597": "Men in Black II (stylized as MIIB) is a 2002 American action film directed by Barry Sonnenfeld and written by Robert Gordon and Barry Fanaro. A sequel to Men in Black (1997), which in turn is loosely based on the Marvel Comics series The Men in Black by Lowell Cunningham, the film stars Tommy Lee Jones and Will Smith reprising their roles from the first film, with Lara Flynn Boyle, Johnny Knoxville, Rosario Dawson, Tony Shalhoub and Rip Torn in supporting roles. It was also the final appearance of Torn in the series (although he did make a brief uncredited appearance in Men In Black 3), as he died on July 9, 2019, about a month after MIB International was released.\nMen in Black II was released worldwide on July 3, 2002, by Columbia Pictures, receiving mixed reviews from critics and grossing $441.8 million against a budget of $140 million. The film was followed by Men in Black 3 in 2012.", "Q23858": "John Adam Belushi (January 24, 1949 \u2013 March 5, 1982) was an American actor, comedian and singer, and one of the seven original cast members of the NBC sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live (SNL). Throughout his career, Belushi had a close personal and artistic partnership with his fellow SNL star Dan Aykroyd, whom he met while they were both working at Chicago's The Second City comedy club.Born in Chicago to Albanian American parents, Belushi started his own successful comedy troupe with Tino Insana and Steve Beshekas, called \"The West Compass Trio\". Belushi performed with The Second City after Bernard Sahlins discovered him. He met Brian Doyle-Murray and Harold Ramis there and also met Aykroyd, who would later become one of his close associates.\nIn 1975, Belushi was recommended to SNL creator and showrunner Lorne Michaels by Chevy Chase and Michael O'Donoghue, who accepted Belushi as a new cast member of the show after an audition. He developed a series of characters on the show that reached high success, including his performances as Henry Kissinger and Ludwig van Beethoven. After his breakout film role as John \"Bluto\" Blutarsky in National Lampoon's Animal House (1978), Belushi later appeared in films such as 1941, The Blues Brothers, and Neighbors. He also pursued interests in music, creating with Aykroyd, Lou Marini, Tom Malone, Steve Cropper, Donald \"Duck\" Dunn, and Paul Shaffer, the Blues Brothers, from which the film received its name.\nIn his personal life, Belushi struggled with heavy drug use that threatened his comedy career; he was dismissed and rehired at SNL on several occasions due to his behavior. In 1982, Belushi died from combined drug intoxication caused by Cathy Smith who injected him with a mixture of heroin and cocaine known as a speedball. He was posthumously honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2004.", "Q130612": "The White Warrior (Italian: Agi Murad, il diavolo bianco, lit. 'Hadji Murad, The White Devil') is a 1959 adventure film directed by Riccardo Freda. It is loosely based on Lev Tolstoy's novel Hadji Murat.", "Q253331": "Les Intrigantes (English: The Plotters), is a French crime drama film from 1954, directed by Henri Decoin, written by Fran\u00e7ois Boyer, starring Raymond Rouleau and Louis de Fun\u00e8s.Paul R\u00e9mi, a well-known theater director, accused by Andrieux, his secretary. Advised by Mona, hiding in psychiatric hospital.", "Q87650": "Ludwig Stiegler (born April 9, 1944 in Parsberg) is a German politician.\nHe was chairman of the SPD's group in the Bundestag in 2002 and deputy chairman - with the exception of the period as a chairman - from 1998 to 2007. From 2003 to 2009, Stiegler was chairman of the SPD Bavaria.", "Q298726": "John Zorn (born September 2, 1953) is an American composer, arranger, record producer, saxophonist, and multi-instrumentalist with hundreds of album credits as performer, composer, and producer across a variety of genres including jazz, rock, hardcore, classical, surf, metal, soundtrack, ambient, and improvised music. He incorporates diverse styles in his compositions, which he identifies as avant-garde or experimental. Zorn was described by Down Beat as \"one of our most important composers\".Zorn established himself within the New York City downtown music movement in the mid-1970s, performing with musicians across the sonic spectrum and developing experimental methods of composing new music. After releasing albums on several independent US and European labels, Zorn signed with Elektra Nonesuch and received wide acclaim with the release of The Big Gundown, an album reworking the compositions of Ennio Morricone. He attracted further attention worldwide with the release of Spillane in 1987 and Naked City in 1990. After spending almost a decade travelling between Japan and the US, he made New York his permanent base and established his own record label, Tzadik, in the mid-1990s.Tzadik enabled Zorn to maintain independence from the mainstream music industry and ensured the continued availability of his growing catalog of recordings, allowing him to prolifically record and release new material, issuing several new albums each year, as well as promoting the work of many other musicians. Zorn has led the hardcore bands Naked City and Painkiller, the Jewish music-inspired jazz quartet Masada, composed 613 pieces as part of the three Masada songbooks that have been performed by an array of groups, composed concert music for classical ensembles and orchestras, and produced music for opera, sound installations, film and documentary. Zorn has undertaken many tours of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, often performing at festivals with many other musicians and ensembles that perform his diverse output.", "Q15332": "The Russian United Democratic Party \"Yabloko\" (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u042f\u0301\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u00bb Rossiyskaya obyedinyonnaya demokraticheskaya partiya \"Yabloko\") is a Russian liberal political party founded by former Soviet Deputy Prime Minister Grigory Yavlinsky, as well as two Senators, and currently led by Nikolay Rybakov. The party's logo consists of a red circle and a green isosceles triangle, suggesting an apple in a constructivist style, a nod to the party's acronym which is a Russian word for \"apple\" (Russian: \u044f\u0301\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e, romanized: j\u00e1bloko/y\u00e1bloko). Yabloko\u2019s party platform stands for a social market economy, fair competition in politics and the economy, is for the inviolability of private property, and for equal opportunity.", "Q166454": "Torrence Hatch Jr. (born November 14, 1982), better known by his stage name Boosie Badazz or simply Boosie (formerly Lil Boosie), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, actor, record producer and executive. He was born and raised in Baton Rouge, Louisiana by his mother Connie Hatch. Hatch began rapping in the 1990s as a member of the hip hop collective Concentration Camp, eventually pursuing a solo career in 2000 with the release of his debut album Youngest of da Camp. After leaving the label the following year, he signed with Pimp C's Trill Entertainment to release his second studio album, For My Thugz. In total, Hatch has gone on to release seven solo studio albums, as well as six collaborative albums and numerous mixtapes.In 2009, Hatch was sentenced to 4 years in prison on drug and gun charges. In 2010, he was indicted on first-degree murder charges, and was also sentenced to 10 years on multiple charges of drug possession with intent of distribution. After serving 5 years in prison, Hatch was released early on March 5, 2014.", "Q88563": "Franz Xaver Riepl (29 November 1790 \u2013 25 April 1857) was an important Austrian geologist, railway pioneer and metallurgical specialist.", "Q347436": "Wilmer Eduardo Valderrama (; Spanish: [balde\u02c8rama]; born January 30, 1980) is an American actor, producer, singer and television personality. He is best known for the role of Fez in the sitcom That '70s Show (1998\u20132006) and as Carlos Madrigal in From Dusk till Dawn: The Series (2014\u201316). He was also host of the MTV series Yo Momma (2006\u201307), the voice of Manny in the children's show Handy Manny (2006\u201313) and has had recurring roles on Grey's Anatomy as well as The Ranch (both in 2016). He also has a role on NCIS as Nick Torres.\nValderrama has further performed in several prominent feature films, including Party Monster (2003), Beauty Shop (2005), Fast Food Nation (2006), Unaccompanied Minors (2006), Larry Crowne (2011), and The Adderall Diaries (2015). He voiced the character of Prince Charming in the family animated film Charming (2018).", "Q168479": "Chiara Lubich (born Silvia Lubich ; January 22, 1920, Trento \u2013 March 14, 2008, Rocca di Papa) was an Italian bestselling author and spiritual leader, founder, and president of the worldwide Focolare Movement, which works to foster unity and universal fraternity at all levels of society. Lubich is considered one of the most remarkable women in the Roman Catholic Church and one of the most significant leaders in ecumenical, interreligious and intercultural dialogue.Because of her lifelong commitment to build bridges of peace and unity among individuals, generations, nations and social and cultural groups, involving people of all ages, cultures, and beliefs, she received numerous awards, including the UNESCO Prize for Peace Education (Paris 1996) and the Human Rights Award of the Council of Europe (Strasbourg 1998).\nThe name \u201cChiara Lubich\u201d has entered the history of spirituality of the 20th and 21stcenturies and is included among spiritual masters and mystics. Countless people continue to follow her way of life because of its genuine evangelical message, universal dimension, and cultural and social impact. She created \u201can example of a new planetary, prophetic and emancipatory humanism,\u201das recognized by the numerous honorary doctorates conferred on her by universities in various parts of the world.", "Q1512": "Robert Louis Stevenson (13 November 1850 \u2013 3 December 1894) was a Scottish novelist and travel writer, most noted for Treasure Island, Kidnapped, Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, and A Child's Garden of Verses.\nBorn and educated in Edinburgh, Stevenson suffered from serious bronchial trouble for much of his life, but continued to write prolifically and travel widely in defiance of his poor health. As a young man, he mixed in London literary circles, receiving encouragement from Andrew Lang, Edmund Gosse, Leslie Stephen and W. E. Henley, the last of whom may have provided the model for Long John Silver in Treasure Island. In 1890, he settled in Samoa, where he died in 1894.A celebrity in his lifetime, Stevenson's critical reputation has fluctuated since his death, though today his works are held in general acclaim. He is currently ranked as the 26th most translated author in the world.", "Q91032": "Irma von Cube (December 26, 1899 \u2013 July 25, 1977) was a German-American screenwriter. She began as an actress and a writer for films in Germany in the early 1930s, and continued when she arrived in the United States in 1938.\nAmong her films is the They Shall Have Music (1939), Johnny Belinda (1948), for which she received an Academy Award nomination, and Song of Love (1947) co-starring Katharine Hepburn, Paul Henreid, and Robert Walker. She also directed one of five segments of the Italy-UK co-production anthology film A Tale of Five Cities (1951).", "Q4787994": "Ardeth Greene Kapp (born 19 March 1931) was the ninth Young Women General President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1984 to 1992.\n\n", "Q328797": "Doctor Ross (October 21, 1925 \u2013 May 28, 1993), also known as Doctor Ross the Harmonica Boss, born Charles Isaiah Ross in Tunica, Mississippi, was an American blues singer, guitarist, harmonica player and drummer.Ross's blues style has been compared to that of John Lee Hooker and Sonny Boy Williamson I. His recordings for Sun Records in the 1950s include \"The Boogie Disease\" and \"Chicago Breakdown\". Within the lyrics of \"The Boogie Disease\", Ross notably sang \"I may get better / but I'll never get well\".", "Q73909": "Sven Regener (born 1 January 1961) is a German musician and writer living in Berlin. In 1982 he recorded his first LP with the band Zatopek and in 1984 he joined Neue Liebe. In 1985 he founded the Berlin band Element of Crime together with Jakob Friderichs. He writes almost all their lyrics as well as playing trumpet.In 2001 he published his first novel, Berlin Blues (original title Herr Lehmann), which achieved sales of around one million copies. The book takes place in autumn 1989 in Berlin. In 2004, Regener was awarded the Deutscher Filmpreis for the screenplay to the film of the same name (best screenplay that has been turned into a film).His second novel, Neue Vahr S\u00fcd, was released in 2004 and follows the life of Frank Lehmann while serving in the Bundeswehr in 1980 in Bremen. In 2008 this was followed by a third novel, Der kleine Bruder (The Little Brother) which dealt with the time between 1980 and 1989.", "Q99308": "Harald Kreutzberg (11 December 1902 \u2013 25 April 1968) was a German dancer and choreographer.\nKreutzberg was born at Reichenberg/Liberec. Trained at the Dresden Ballet School, he also studied dance with Mary Wigman and Rudolf Laban.\nBeginning in 1927 he appeared in plays directed by Max Reinhardt and in 1929 went with Reinhardt to New York City. Kreutzberg then toured the U.S., Canada, and Europe with the dancer Yvonne Georgi.An important figure of the German modern dance, he founded a school in Bern in 1955. Its ballets combined the drama and humor, with an emphasis on inventive scenes. He died in Bern.Kreutzberg made a rare appearance on television in the 1960s, when he was featured in the dual roles of Drosselmeyer and the Snow King, in a heavily abridged German-American co-production of Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker. It was shown in the U.S. in 1965 by CBS, and repeated several times afterward, but eventually superseded by the nearly full-length Baryshnikov version in 1977.\nIn 1932\u20131936, Kreutzberg, along with his partner Ruth Page, created a new and unlikely partnership. Kreutzberg was a German modern dancer, while Page was an American ballerina. They first performed together on 25 February 1933 in Chicago. This partnership helped Kreutzberg perform his solo acts in other venues, which is what people really enjoyed watching him do. Kreutzberg\u2019s performances were described as including everything from strong actions to flowing movements and even some pantomime. His jumps were very energetic and strong, but yet his body movements were very soft and fluttery. He was known as not just a talented ballet and modern dancer, but as an entertainer.", "Q317567": "Barry Sonnenfeld (born April 1, 1953) is an American filmmaker and television director. He originally worked as a cinematographer for the Coen brothers before directing films such as The Addams Family (1991) and its sequel Addams Family Values (1993) alongside the Men in Black trilogy (1997\u20132012), Wild Wild West (1999) and Get Shorty (1995). Sonnenfeld has collaborated with actor and singer Will Smith four times.", "Q1274": "The Lepontine Alps (German: Lepontinische Alpen, French: Alpes l\u00e9pontines, Italian: Alpi Lepontine) are a mountain range in the north-western part of the Alps. They are located in Switzerland (Valais, Ticino, Uri and Graub\u00fcnden) and Italy (Piedmont and Lombardy).\nThe Simplon rail tunnel (from Brig to Domodossola) the Gotthard rail (from Erstfeld to Bodio) and Gotthard road tunnels (from Andermatt to Airolo) and the San Bernardino road tunnel are important transport arteries.\nThe eastern portion of the Lepontine Alps, from the St Gotthard Pass to the Spl\u00fcgen Pass, is sometimes named the Adula Alps, while the western part is historically referred to as the Ticino Alps.\n\n", "Q447679": "Semiha Yank\u0131 (born 15 January 1958) is a Turkish pop music singer, presenter and film actress, best known for representing Turkey for the first time at the Eurovision Song Contest 1975 with the song Seninle Bir Dakika.", "Q16145171": "Lindsey Lee Ginter (born December 13, 1950) is an American actor.\nHe is known as Crew Cut Man, Deep Throat's assassin, in the TV series The X-Files and as Sam Austen, Kate Austen's father, in Lost.", "Q458981": "Berno (c. 978 \u2013 7 June 1048) was the Abbot of Reichenau from his appointment by Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1008. He reformed the Gregorian chant. He compiled a tonarius, dealing with the organisation of the church chants into \u2018tones\u2019 \u2013 eight modes of the Gregorian chant.\nFollowing the reforms initiated under Abbot Immo, who imposed the Benedictine rule at Reichenau, under Berno's enlightened guidance the abbey reached its peak as a centre of learning, with a productive scriptorium, as a centre of Bendictine monasticism and eleventh-century liturgical and musical reforms in the German churches. At Reichenau he erected the tall western tower and transept that stand today on the island site of Reichenau-Mittelzell. One of his most famous students was Hermann of Reichenau, who transmitted Arabic mathematics and astronomy to central Europe. \nPolitically the abbot cleaved to his patrons Henry and to Henry III, duke of Bavaria and eventually Emperor, and wrote many letters and missives to the Hungarian kings Saint Stephen I of Hungary and Peter Orseolo of Hungary, containing various historical information about the Hungarian kingdom of that time useful for the historian. His activity in regard to Hungary was specially important during the reign of Stephen, as his wife was Gisela, the emperor Henry II's sister.", "Q542073": "L.A. Guns are an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1983. The band currently consists of Tracii Guns (lead guitar), Phil Lewis (lead vocals), Ace Von Johnson on (rhythm guitar, backing vocals), Johnny Martin (bass guitar, backing vocals) and Scot Coogan (drums). The first incarnation of the group was formed by Tracii Guns and Rob Gardner in 1983 and merged with fellow Los Angeles group, Hollywood Rose, to form Guns N' Roses in March 1985. After only a brief tenure in that band, Guns reformed L.A. Guns with a new lineup, consisting of Paul Black, Mick Cripps, Robert Stoddard, and Nickey Alexander. Black would soon be replaced by former Girl singer Phil Lewis while former Faster Pussycat bassist Kelly Nickels was added to the group. Later, Alexander would be replaced by former W.A.S.P. drummer Steve Riley with this being known as the \"classic lineup\" of L.A. Guns. They achieved moderate chart success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. However, the group went through numerous lineup changes (with Riley being the most consistent member) and failed to regain mainstream attention.\nThe \"classic lineup\" of the group would reunite in 1999 and began recording new material. However, the group continued to change lineups and Guns eventually left to form the hard rock supergroup Brides of Destruction with Nikki Sixx of M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce in 2002. L.A. Guns continued without Guns, bringing in guitarist Stacey Blades, however, following his decision to put Brides of Destruction on hiatus in 2006, Guns formed The Tracii Guns Band. The group's lineup consisted of former L.A. Guns members Black, Alexander as well as Jeremy Guns (though the lineup would eventually change), with the group eventually changing their name to L.A. Guns. Both groups continued to record and tour under the L.A. Guns moniker until 2012, when the Tracii Guns-led version of the group disbanded.\nTo date, L.A. Guns have released twelve studio albums \u2013 L.A. Guns (1988); Cocked & Loaded (1989); Hollywood Vampires (1991); Vicious Circle (1994); American Hardcore (1996); Shrinking Violet (1999); Man in the Moon (2001); Waking the Dead (2002); Tales from the Strip (2005); Hollywood Forever (2012); The Missing Peace (2017); and The Devil You Know (2019); two extended plays \u2013 Cuts (1992); Wasted (1998) as well as a number of live and compilation albums.", "Q14992": "Aloys (Alois) Jean Maria Joseph, Viscount Van de Vyvere (8 June 1871 \u2013 22 October 1961) was a Belgian Catholic Party politician.", "Q97325": "Walter Wolf (27 February 1907 in Gotha \u2013 2 April 1977 in Potsdam) was a German politician and member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).\nWolf was the culture minister of Thuringia from 1945 until 1947.", "Q8536": "B\u00f6blingen is a Landkreis (district) in the middle of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Calw, Enz, Ludwigsburg, (district) Stuttgart, and the districts Esslingen and T\u00fcbingen.", "Q57667": "Desir\u00e9 Delano \"D\u00e9si\" Bouterse (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8des\u026a \u02c8b\u028cut\u0259rs\u0259]; born 13 October 1945) is a Surinamese politician who has been President of Suriname since 2010. From 1980 to 1987 he was Suriname's de facto leader after conducting a military coup and establishing a period of military rule.\nBouterse is the chairman of the Surinamese political alliance Megacombinatie (\"Mega combination\") and the leader of the National Democratic Party (NDP), which is part of the Megacombination. On 19 July 2010, Bouterse was elected as President of Suriname with 36 of 50 parliament votes and on 12 August 2010 he was inaugurated.Bouterse is a controversial figure, held responsible by some for numerous human rights violations committed during his military rule in the 1980s. Most notable was the December murders in 1982 of fifteen leading opposition figures. He was prosecuted for the murders and a trial was initiated, but the National Assembly extended amnesty to him in 2012. After the trial was forced to continue, Bouterse was sentenced to 20 years in prison on the 29 of November 2019. He is also suspected of having directed the Moiwana massacre in 1986 during the civil war by the Maroons, led by his former bodyguard.\nOn 16 July 1999, Bouterse was sentenced in absentia in the Netherlands to 11 years' imprisonment after being convicted of trafficking 474 kg (1,045 lb) of cocaine. Bouterse always claimed innocence; he claimed that the star witness in the case, Patrick van Loon, was bribed by the Dutch government.\nAccording to WikiLeaks cables released in 2011, Bouterse was active in the drug trade until 2006. Europol has issued an arrest warrant for him. As Suriname's president, he enjoys national immunity from arrest in his country. Because Bouterse was convicted of the drug offense before his election in 2010 as head of state, he enjoys no international immunity on these charges.", "Q69951": "Johann Peter Uz (October 3, 1720 \u2013 May 12, 1796), German poet.", "Q546215": "Morten L\u00f8kkegaard (born 20 December 1964) is a Danish politician who has served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 until 2014 and since 2016. He is a member of Venstre, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.", "Q923762": "Kristoffer Rygg (9 September 1976), also known as Garm, Trickster G. Rex and recently God Head, is a heavy-metal vocalist, musician and producer known primarily for his work with Ulver and Arcturus.", "Q201477": "Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis of Condorcet (French: [ma\u0281i \u0292\u0251\u0303n\u203f\u0251\u0303twan nikola d\u0259 ka\u0281ita k\u0254\u0303d\u0254\u0281s\u025b]; 17 September 1743 \u2013 29 March 1794), known as Nicolas de Condorcet, was a French philosopher and mathematician. His ideas, including support for a liberal economy, free and equal public instruction, constitutional government, and equal rights for women and people of all races, have been said to embody the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment and Enlightenment rationalism. He died in prison after a period of flight from French Revolutionary authorities.", "Q93143": "Janusz Leon Wi\u015bniewski (born 18 August 1954 in Toru\u0144) is a Polish scientist and writer mostly known for his novel S@motno\u015b\u0107 w Sieci translated into English as Loneliness on the Net[1]. \nWi\u015bniewski holds a Master in Physics and Master in Economics, both qualifications obtained from Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, PhD in Information Technology from Warsaw University of Technology and Habilitation in Chemistry from the Technical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a. He is one of the authors of the computer program AutoNom, a naming tool for organic substances in the IUPAC nomenclature [2]. Currently Wi\u015bniewski lives and works in Frankfurt, Germany. Apart from his native Polish, he is also fluent in German, English and Russian.\nHis most famous novel S@motno\u015b\u0107 w Sieci (Loneliness on the Net) was published in 2001 and translated into many languages. There is a popular Polish film based on the novel.\n\n", "Q68497": "J\u00fcrgen Herrlein (born 1962 in Regensburg) is a German lawyer and historian of academic corporations.", "Q388521": "B\u00fcrgermeister Anna is an East German comedy film directed by Hans M\u00fcller. It was released in 1950.", "Q76871": "William Desmond Anthony Pertwee, (21 July 1926 \u2013 27 May 2013) was an English comedy actor. He played the role of the antagonist Chief ARP Warden Hodges in the sitcom Dad's Army.", "Q164525": "Wojciech Pawe\u0142 Sa\u0142uga (born 27 March 1969 in Jaworzno) is a Polish economist and politician. He is the current Marshal of Silesia.\nA graduate of the Krak\u00f3w University of Economics, Sa\u0142uga worked at ING Bank \u015al\u0105ski between 1994 and 2002. At the same time, Sa\u0142uga was involved in municipal politics, elected as an alderman to the Jaworzno City Council between 1998 and 2002, and later served as the town's deputy mayor between 2002 and 2004. He subsequently took a position in the Senate following a successful by-election in 2004 for Sosnowiec as a Civic Platform candidate. He was elected to the Sejm representing the Sosnowiec constituency in the 2005 parliamentary election, winning reelection again in 2007 and 2011. Sa\u0142uga resigned from the Sejm in December 2014.In December 2014, Sa\u0142uga was elected as the seventh Marshal of Silesia by the Civic Platform, Polish People's Party and Democratic Left Alliance coalition within the Silesian Regional Assembly, becoming the chief executive of the province. As the head of the province's executive board, Sa\u0142uga invited the Silesian Autonomy Movement to join the board's coalition in June 2015.\n\n", "Q1361838": "Francis Ford (born Francis Joseph Feeney; August 14, 1881 \u2013 September 5, 1953) was an American film actor, writer and director. He was the mentor and elder brother of film director John Ford. He also appeared in many of the latter's movies, including Young Mr. Lincoln (1939) and The Quiet Man (1952).", "Q1872728": "Loik Le Floch-Prigent (born September 21, 1943 in Brest) is a French engineer and manager. He was CEO of Elf Aquitaine between July 1989 and 1993, then president of SNCF from December 1995 to July 1996, when he was indicted in connection with the Elf affair\n. He is the nephew of the poet Maodez Glanndour.\nHe was charged in September 2012 with being an accessory to fraud whilst in Togo after a complaint from an Emirati businessman, was filed claiming that he had been manipulated out of $48 million. He was extradited to Ivory Coast and appeared before a judge where he was questioned for three hours in Lom\u00e9.\n\n", "Q200769": "The Flying Burrito Brothers are an American country rock band, best known for their influential 1969 debut album, The Gilded Palace of Sin. Although the group is perhaps best known for its connection to band founders Gram Parsons and Chris Hillman (formerly of the Byrds), the group underwent many personnel changes and has existed in various incarnations. A lineup with no original members (and derived from the 2000s-era Burrito Deluxe) currently performs as The Burrito Brothers.", "Q375484": "Jean Baptiste Eug\u00e8ne Estienne (7 November 1860 in Cond\u00e9-en-Barrois, Meuse \u2013 2 April 1936 in Paris) was a general of artillery and a specialist in military engineering, one of the founders of modern French artillery and French military aviation, and the creator of the French tank arm. He is considered by many in France to be the P\u00e8re des Chars (Father of the Tank).", "Q99320": "Funda Vanroy (born 24 January 1977, in Gaildorf, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) is a German presenter and actress.\n\n", "Q73921": "Carl Wilhelm Kaisen (22 May 1887 \u2013 19 December 1979) was a German politician from the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Between 1945 and 1965 he was the 2nd President of the Senate and Mayor of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen. In 1958/59 he served as the 10th President of the Bundesrat. He became a symbol of the German reconstruction in Bremen after 1945.", "Q379296": "Did You Hear About the Morgans? is a 2009 American romantic comedy thriller film directed and written by Marc Lawrence. Hugh Grant and Sarah Jessica Parker portray the film's protagonists, Paul and Meryl Morgan, a recently separated New York power couple on the verge of divorce until they witness the murder of Meryl's client. They are forced to enter into temporary witness protection, given new identities, and relocated to a small Wyoming town (the fictional Ray, Wyoming, 45 minutes out of Cody). Supporting roles are played by Sam Elliott, Mary Steenburgen, Elisabeth Moss, and Wilford Brimley. It is the second collaboration of Grant and Parker, following the 1996 film Extreme Measures.\nThe film premiered in New York on December 14, 2009 and in London the following day. It was released to the United States on December 18 and to most of Europe in January 2010. It received generally negative reviews from critics. The film grossed $6,616,571 in its opening weekend and earned $85 million worldwide. Did You Hear About the Morgans? was the 70th most successful film worldwide for 2009.", "Q411417": "Cefalexin, also spelled cephalexin, is an antibiotic that can treat a number of bacterial infections. It kills gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the growth of the bacterial cell wall. Cefalexin is a beta-lactam antibiotic within the class of first-generation cephalosporins. It works similarly to other agents within this class, including intravenous cefazolin, but can be taken by mouth.Cefalexin can treat certain bacterial infections, including those of the middle ear, bone and joint, skin, and urinary tract. It may also be used for certain types of pneumonia, strep throat, and to prevent bacterial endocarditis. Cefalexin is not effective against infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus, or Pseudomonas. Like other antibiotics, cefalexin cannot treat viral infections, such as the flu, common cold or acute bronchitis. Cefalexin can be used in those who have mild or moderate allergies to penicillin. However, it is not recommended in those with severe penicillin allergies.Common side effects include stomach upset and diarrhea. Allergic reactions or infections with Clostridium difficile, a cause of diarrhea, are also possible. Use during pregnancy or breast feeding does not appear to be harmful to the baby. It can be used in children and those over 65 years of age. Those with kidney problems may require a decrease in dose.Cefalexin was developed in 1967. It was first marketed in 1969 and 1970 under the names Keflex and Ceporex, among others. Generic drug versions are available under other trade names and are inexpensive. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. In 2017, it was the 102nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than seven million prescriptions. In Canada, it was the fifth most common antibiotic used in 2013. In Australia, it is one of the top 15 most prescribed medications.", "Q118808": "Christiane Brunner (b. Geneva, 23 March 1947) is a Swiss female politician and a licensed lawyer.\n\n", "Q203248": "Kim Yoon-ji (English name: Christine Kim; Hangul: \uae40\uc724\uc9c0) is a Korean\u2013American actress and former singer based in the Republic of Korea. She performed under the stage name NS Yoon-G (Hangul: NS\uc724\uc9c0) and debuted in 2009 with the digital single \"Head Hurts\" under JTM Entertainment. She is now with VAST Entertainment. The \"NS\" in her name initially stood for \"New Spirit\", but was later changed to \"New Star\". Yoon-ji used her Korean name as a part of her stage name as she found \"Christine\" too difficult for Korean people to pronounce.", "Q429188": "Thierry Fortineau (9 February 1953 \u2013 8 February 2006) was a French actor.\nFortineau was born in Nantes. In the year of 1990, he was nominated for a C\u00e9sar Award for Most Promising Actor at the 15th C\u00e9sar Awards for his role in Com\u00e9die d'\u00e9t\u00e9. The award, however, went to Yvan Attal. In 1994, he was nominated for a Moli\u00e8re Award for Best Actor for his role in Le Visiteur. \nThierry Fortineau is the father of actress Jade Fortineau, born in 1991, from his relationship with Dutch actress Maruschka Detmers. \nHe lost his battle against cancer in Paris one day before his 53rd birthday, and was interred at the P\u00e8re Lachaise Cemetery.", "Q493366": "Andrea Bajani (born August 16, 1975) is an Italian novelist, poet, and journalist.\nAfter his debut with Cordiali saluti (Einaudi, 2005), it was Se consideri le colpe (Einaudi, 2007) which brought him a great deal of attention. Antonio Tabucchi wrote about his debut novel, \"I read this book with an excitement that Italian literature hasn't made me feel in ages.\" The book won the Super Mondello Prize, the Brancati Prize, the Recanati Prize and the Lo Straniero Prize.\nAfter three years, with his novel Ogni promessa (Einaudi, 2010; published in English as Every Promise by MacLehose Press), he won the oldest Italian literary award, the Bagutta Prize. His collection of short stories, La vita non \u00e8 in ordine alfabetico (Einaudi, 2014) won the Settembrini Prize in 2014. His most recent novel is Un bene al mondo (Einaudi 2016), and is currently being made into a film. In 2013 he published Mi riconosci, a moving homage to the famous Italian writer Antonio Tabucchi.In 2017 Einaudi published his first book of poems, Promemoria. The second one, Dimora naturale, will be published in May 2020.\nHe is also an author of journalistic essays and regularly contributes to the daily newspaper la Repubblica.\nBajani taught Creative Writing at the Scuola Holden in Torino, and has been Chief Editor for Italian fiction at Bollati Boringhieri publishing house since 2017. A book of literary criticism analyzing his work, written by Sara Sicuro and entitled Andrea Bajani. Una geografia del buio, was published in 2019.\n\n", "Q788926": "Infectious diseases, also known as infectology, is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis, control and treatment of infections. An infectious disease specialist's practice may consist largely of managing nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections, or it may be out-patient based.", "Q1294443": "Edwin George Booz (September 2, 1887 - October 1, 1951) was an American management consultant, businessman and corporate executive. He co-founded the consulting firm, Booz Allen Hamilton.\n\n", "Q235922": "Judith Eva Barsi (June 6, 1978 \u2013 July 25, 1988) was an American child actress of the 1980s. Barsi began her career in television, making appearances in commercials and television series as well as in the films Jaws: The Revenge, The Land Before Time and All Dogs Go to Heaven, providing the voices for animated characters in the latter two. She and her mother, Maria, were killed in July 1988 as a result of a double murder\u2013suicide perpetrated in their home by her father, J\u00f3zsef Barsi.", "Q564922": "The Dorotheenstadt Cemetery, officially the \"Cemetery of the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder Parishes\", is a landmarked Protestant burial ground located in the Berlin district of Mitte which dates to the late 18th century. The entrance to the 1.7-hectare (4.2-acre) plot is at 126 Chaussee Stra\u00dfe (next door to the Brecht House, where Bertolt Brecht and Helene Weigel spent their last years, at 125 Chaussee Stra\u00dfe). It is also directly adjacent to the French cemetery (also known as the cemetery of the Huguenots), established in 1780, and is sometimes confused with it.", "Q24879": "The City Municipality of Bremen (, also US: ; German: Stadtgemeinde Bremen, IPA: [\u02c8\u0283tat\u0261\u0259\u02ccma\u026and\u0259 \u02c8b\u0281e\u02d0m\u0259n] (listen); Low German also: Breem or Br\u00e4m) is the capital of the German federal state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (also called just \"Bremen\" for short), a two-city-state consisting of the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven. With around 570,000 inhabitants, the Hanseatic city is the 11th largest city of Germany as well as the second largest city in Northern Germany after Hamburg.\nBremen is the largest city on the River Weser, the longest river flowing entirely in Germany, lying some 60 km (37 mi) upstream from its mouth into the North Sea, and is surrounded by the state of Lower Saxony. A commercial and industrial city, Bremen is, together with Oldenburg and Bremerhaven, part of the Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region, with 2.5 million people. Bremen is contiguous with the Lower Saxon towns of Delmenhorst, Stuhr, Achim, Weyhe, Schwanewede and Lilienthal. There is an exclave of Bremen in Bremerhaven, the \"Citybremian Overseas Port Area Bremerhaven\" (Stadtbremisches \u00dcberseehafengebiet Bremerhaven). Bremen is the fourth largest city in the Low German dialect area after Hamburg, Dortmund and Essen.\nBremen's port, together with the port of Bremerhaven at the mouth of the Weser, is the second largest port in Germany after the Port of Hamburg. The airport of Bremen (Flughafen Bremen \"Hans Koschnick\") lies in the southern borough of Neustadt-Neuenland and is Germany's 12th busiest airport.\nBremen is a major cultural and economic hub of Northern Germany. The city is home to dozens of historical galleries and museums, ranging from historical sculptures to major art museums, such as the Bremen Overseas Museum (\u00dcbersee-Museum Bremen). The Bremen City Hall and the Bremen Roland are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Bremen is well known through the Brothers Grimm's fairy tale \"Town Musicians of Bremen\" (Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten), and there is a statue dedicated to it in front of the city hall.\nBremen has a reputation as a working-class city. The city is home to many multinational companies and manufacturing centers. Companies headquartered in Bremen include the Hachez chocolate company and Vector Foiltec. Bremen's best known football club is Bundesliga club SV Werder Bremen, who play in the Weser Stadium (Weserstadion), that sits directly on the bank of the Weser.", "Q64285": "Stansstad is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland.", "Q438085": "Jessica Barden (born 21 July 1992) is an English actress. She is known for her role as Alyssa in the Channel 4 comedy-drama series The End of the F***ing World (2017\u20132019). She has also made appearances in films including Hanna (2011), The New Romantic (2018) and Pink Skies Ahead (2020).", "Q1324394": "", "Q326792": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Adam\u00edra (April 2, 1926 \u2013 August 14, 1993) was a Czech actor. Born in Dobrovice, Adam\u00edra began as an actor in the season 1945\u20131946 and from 1946\u20131950 worked under the director Jiri Dal\u00edk in the theatre. He later appeared in 21 films between 1952 and 1989, and in 22 television series.", "Q216123": "Amerigo Tot (born Imre T\u00f3th; 27 September 1909 \u2013 13 December 1984) was a Hungarian sculptor and occasional actor. He was born in Feh\u00e9rv\u00e1rcsurg\u00f3, Austria-Hungary and moved to Rome, where he lived for the rest of his life. He studied in Budapest under Ferenc Helbing and Gy\u00f6rgy Leszkovszky from 1926 until 1928, and at the Bauhaus in Germany. As the Nazis came to power he moved to Rome and worked sculpting memorials on a stipend from the Roman Hungarian Academy, where he eventually became an adviser. He fought in the Italian resistance movement starting in 1943.\nHe first received international recognition for his work on the frieze in Roma Termini station. He began doing abstract works in the 1950s. He returned home to Hungary several times, including 1937, 1939 and in 1969 which was a long prepared step from the side of the Hungarian communist culture-buro. At home he was a highly celebrated \"world famous\" artist. He had big exhibitions. He did traditional works, including a Madonna sculpture in his hometown, and very famous abstract sculptures, public monuments too, like Microcosm in Macrocosm (a tribute to B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k), His Majesty, the Kilowatt in Kecskem\u00e9t. The Amerigo Tot Museum in Budapest is named after him.\nIn the 1960s and 1970s he made occasional appearances in films. He is perhaps best known to English-speaking audiences for his role as Bussetta, Michael Corleone's bodyguard and executioner of Johnny Ola in The Godfather Part II. According to George S. Larke-Walsh, Tot's character in the film had to be brutal so that Michael's authority was retained. He also appeared in The Most Beautiful Wife and Pulp (1972). The latter was directed by Mike Hodges for United Artists and featured Tot as Sotgio.Tot died in Rome in 1984 and was buried in Farkasr\u00e9ti Cemetery in Budapest.", "Q3179652": "Joanna Karine Hoffman (born July 27, 1953) is an American marketing executive. She was one of the original members of both the Apple Computer Macintosh team and the NeXT team.", "Q69979": "Villeret is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).", "Q570957": "Alfr\u00e9d Israel Wetzler (10 May 1918\u2013 8 February 1988), who wrote under the alias Jozef L\u00e1nik, was a Slovak Jew.\nHe is known for escaping from Auschwitz concentration camp and co-writing the Vrba-Wetzler Report.", "Q4424063": "Vladimir Iosifovich Sloutsker (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0418\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043b\u0443\u0446\u043a\u0435\u0440; born Moscow, 27 August 1956) is a Russian businessman and former senator who represented Chuvash Republic in the Russian parliament. Sloutsker is the co-founder and President of the Israeli Jewish Congress.In 2012, Sloutsker lost a legal battle with his ex-wife over the ownership of a house in London.In 2015, Sloutsker won damages over stories critical of him that appeared on the internet.", "Q445046": "Melissa Luburich Bean (born January 22, 1962) is an American politician who was the U.S. Representative for Illinois's 8th congressional district from 2005 to 2011. Bean is a member of the Democratic Party.", "Q335088": "The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (Middle Armenian: \u053f\u056b\u056c\u056b\u056f\u056b\u0578\u0575 \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0578\u0581 \u0539\u0561\u0563\u0561\u0582\u0578\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576, Giligio Hayoc\u2019 T\u2019akavorut\u2019iun), also known as Cilician Armenia (Armenian: \u053f\u056b\u056c\u056b\u056f\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576, Giligian Hayastan), Lesser Armenia, or New Armenia and formerly known as the Armenian Principality of Cilicia (Armenian: \u053f\u056b\u056c\u056b\u056f\u056b\u0561\u0575\u056b \u0570\u0561\u0575\u056f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u056b\u0577\u056d\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568), was an Armenian state formed during the High Middle Ages by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion of Armenia. Located outside the Armenian Highlands and distinct from the Kingdom of Armenia of antiquity, it was centered in the Cilicia region northwest of the Gulf of Alexandretta.\nThe kingdom had its origins in the principality founded c. 1080 by the Rubenid dynasty, an alleged offshoot of the larger Bagratid family, which at various times had held the thrones of Armenia and Georgia. Their capital was originally at Tarsus, and later became Sis. Cilicia was a strong ally of the European Crusaders, and saw itself as a bastion of Christendom in the East. It also served as a focus for Armenian nationalism and culture, since Armenia proper was under foreign occupation at the time. Cilicia's significance in Armenian history and statehood is also attested by the transfer of the seat of the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church, spiritual leader of the Armenian people, to the region. \nIn 1198, with the crowning of Leo the Magnificent of the Rubenid dynasty, Cilician Armenia became a kingdom.In 1226, the crown was passed to rival Hethumids through Leo's daughter Isabella's second husband, Hethum I. As the Mongols conquered vast regions of Central Asia and the Middle East, Hethum and succeeding Hethumid rulers sought to create an Armeno-Mongol alliance against common Muslim foes, most notably the Mamluks. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the Crusader states and the Mongol Ilkhanate disintegrated, leaving the Armenian Kingdom without any regional allies. After relentless attacks by the Mamluks in Egypt in the fourteenth century, the Cilician Armenia of the Lusignan dynasty, mired in an internal religious conflict, finally fell in 1375.Commercial and military interactions with Europeans brought new Western influences to the Cilician Armenian society. Many aspects of Western European life were adopted by the nobility including chivalry, fashions in clothing, and the use of French titles, names, and language. Moreover, the organization of the Cilician society shifted from its traditional system to become closer to Western feudalism. The European Crusaders themselves borrowed know-how, such as elements of Armenian castle-building and church architecture. Cilician Armenia thrived economically, with the port of Ayas serving as a center for East-West trade.", "Q123646": "Fran\u00e7ois Jacques Le Fort also spelled Lefort (Russian: \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446 \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442, tr. Frants Yakovlevich Lefort; January 2(12), 1656 \u2013 March 2(12), 1699) was a Genevan-born Russian military figure of Huguenot origin, general admiral (1695), and close associate of Tsar Peter the Great.\nFran\u00e7ois Le Fort, born in Geneva, came from a merchant family. He began his military career in the Dutch army. In 1675 Le Fort arrived in Archangelsk in the company of the Prussian Colonel Jacob van Frosten\nin order to find employment with the Russian army. In February 1676 he came to Moscow, but military officials turned him down. The Posolsky Prikaz listed him as a visiting foreigner. Le Fort settled in the so-called Nemetskaya sloboda in Moscow, where he would gain respect among other distinguished foreigners. In July 1678 he once again applied for service in the tsarist army. Accepted with the rank of captain, Le Fort then went to one of the fronts during the Russo-Turkish War of 1676-1681. In early 1679 he was ordered to join the Kiev garrison under the command of Prince Vasily Golitsyn and General Patrick Gordon. Upon his return to Moscow from a short trip to Geneva in 1683, Le Fort carried out various diplomatic assignments until the fall of 1685.\nLe Fort's house gradually turned into a main attraction of the Nemetskaya sloboda, attended not only by locals, but by Russian noblemen, such as the Golitsyns. It appears that Le Fort utilized his connections with the latter and received rapid promotion.\n\nIn 1687 and 1689 he took part in two unsuccessful Crimean campaigns. Peter the Great became a frequent guest in Le Fort's house from 1690. Le Fort was one of the principal organizers and participators in Peter's military games, which would pave the way for his career advancement. In 1690 Le Fort was promoted to the rank of major general. He then became lieutenant general (1691) and general (1693). In 1692 Peter I funded the construction of a large reception hall for 1,500 people, which formed an extension to Le Fort's house. This hall hosted administrative meetings and Peter's parties.\nIn 1691 Le Fort was put in charge of a regiment and assigned a training ground on the left bank of the Yauza River. Peter ordered the construction of a sloboda for this purpose, which would later be called Lefortovskaya sloboda (the Lefort quarter, present-day Lefortovo in Moscow's South-Eastern Administrative Okrug). In 1693-1694 Lefort accompanied Peter on his trip to Arkhangelsk. In 1694 he participated in Peter's \"play\" Kozhukhov campaign (a military game in the village of Kozhukhovo, between Moscow and Kolomenskoye).\nDuring the Azov campaigns of 1695-1696 Le Fort was in charge of the Imperial Russian Navy. His return from the war was marked with a solemn parade through Moscow to his \"native\" Nemetskaya sloboda and subsequent festivities. Lefort was awarded a title of governor (\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a, or namestnik) of Novgorod and estates in two uyezds.\nIn 1696 Le Fort together with Fedor Golovin and Prokopy Voznitsyn took official charge of Peter's Grand Embassy, a Russian diplomatic mission to Western Europe. Upon his return to Moscow in 1698 he took part in the trial of the Streltsy rebels. That same year he moved to a custom-built palace, later known as the Lefortovsky Palace, on the Yauza River. The palace would soon become a center of Russian political and royal life in 1698-1699. Peter the Great used to hold all his important meetings and numerous celebrations in Le Fort's palace. \nFran\u00e7ois Le Fort died in Moscow in early March 1699. Upon hearing the news of his death, Tsar Peter lamented \"Now I am alone without one trusty man. He alone was faithful to me. Whom can I confide in now?\" On March 21 Peter held Lefort's state funeral, a ceremony second only to the funerals of Tsars or Patriarchs.\nLe Fort lies buried in the Vvedenskoye Cemetery in Lefortovo.\nThe Russian 84-gun ship-of-the-line Lefort (launched 1835, shipwrecked 1857) was named in honor of Lefort.\n\n", "Q66492": "Ueken is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q173071": "Pope Honorius II (9 February 1060 \u2013 13 February 1130), born Lamberto Scannabecchi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 21 December 1124 to his death in 1130.\nAlthough from a humble background, his obvious intellect and outstanding abilities saw him promoted up through the ecclesiastical hierarchy. Attached to the Frangipani family of Rome, his election as pope was contested by a rival candidate, Celestine II, and force was used to guarantee his election.\nHonorius's pontificate was concerned with ensuring that the privileges the Roman Catholic Church had obtained through the Concordat of Worms were preserved and, if possible, extended. He was the first pope to confirm the election of the Holy Roman Emperor. Distrustful of the traditional Benedictine order, he favoured new monastic orders, such as the Augustinians and the Cistercians, and sought to exercise more control over the larger monastic centres of Monte Cassino and Cluny Abbey. He also approved the new military order of the Knights Templar in 1128.\nHonorius II failed to prevent Roger II of Sicily from extending his power in southern Italy and was unable to stop Louis VI of France from interfering in the affairs of the French church. Like his predecessors, he managed the wide-ranging affairs of the church through Papal Legates. With his death in 1130, the Church was again thrown into confusion with the election of two rival popes, Innocent II and the antipope Anacletus II.", "Q334396": "\"Henry Labouchere\" redirects here. For his uncle, see Henry Labouchere, 1st Baron TauntonHenry Du Pr\u00e9 Labouch\u00e8re (9 November 1831 \u2013 15 January 1912) was an English politician, writer, publisher and theatre owner in the Victorian and Edwardian eras. He lived with the actress Henrietta Hodson from 1868, and they married in 1887.Labouch\u00e8re, who inherited a large fortune, engaged in a number of occupations. He was a junior member of the British diplomatic service, a member of parliament in the 1860s and again from 1880 to 1906, and edited and funded his own magazine, Truth. He is remembered for the Labouch\u00e8re Amendment to British law, which for the first time made all male homosexual activity a crime.\nUnable to secure the senior positions for which he thought himself suitable, Labouch\u00e8re left Britain and retired to Italy.\n\n", "Q3032451": "Diwphalanx Records is a Japanese rock music record label, which primarily releases Japanese bands.", "Q221957": "Eiji Yoshikawa (\u5409\u5ddd \u82f1\u6cbb, Yoshikawa Eiji, August 11, 1892 \u2013 September 7, 1962) was a Japanese historical novelist. Among his best-known novels are revisions of older classics. He was mainly influenced by classics such as The Tale of the Heike, Tale of Genji, Water Margin, and Romance of the Three Kingdoms, many of which he retold in his own style. As an example, Yoshikawa took up Taiko's original manuscript in 15 volumes to retell it in a more accessible tone and reduce it to only two volumes. His other books also serve similar purposes and, although most of his novels are not original works, he created a huge amount of work and a renewed interest in the past. He was awarded the Cultural Order of Merit in 1960 (the highest award for a man of letters in Japan), the Order of the Sacred Treasure and the Mainichi Art Award just before his death from cancer in 1962. He is cited as one of the best historical novelists in Japan.", "Q488020": "Anatoly Stepanovich Dyatlov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u044f\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432; 3 March 1931 \u2013 13 December 1995) was deputy chief-engineer of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and the supervisor of the catastrophic safety test which resulted in the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, for which he served time in prison. He was released as part of a general amnesty in 1990. He was blamed for not following the safety protocols.", "Q519739": "Patricia Kennealy-Morrison (born Patricia Kennely; March 4, 1946) is an American author and journalist. Her published works include rock criticism, a memoir, and two series of science fiction/fantasy and murder mystery novels. Her books are evenly divided between the series The Keltiad and The Rock&Roll Murders: The Rennie Stride Mysteries.\nAs first a writer and then the editor-in-chief of Jazz & Pop magazine in the late 1960s, she was one of the first women rock critics. Kennealy-Morrison has worked as an advertising copywriter, receiving two Clio nominations. She is a Dame of the Ordo Supremus Militaris Templi Hierosolymitani, a High Priestess in a Celtic Pagan tradition and a member of Mensa.", "Q21901": "Josephine Garis Cochran (later Cochrane) (March 8, 1839 in Ashtabula County, Ohio \u2013 August 3, 1913 (age 74) in Chicago, Illinois) was the inventor of the first commercially successful automatic dishwasher, which she designed in the shed behind her home, she then constructed it engaging the assistance of mechanic George Butters, who became one of her first employees. Once her patent issued in 28 December 1886, she founded Garis-Cochrane Manufacturing Company to manufacture her machines. Cochrane showed her new machine at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 where nine Garis-Cochran washers were installed in the restaurants and pavilions of the fair and was met with interest from restaurants and hotels, where hot water access was not an issue. She won the highest prize for \"best mechanical construction, durability and adaptation to its line of work\" at the Fair. Garis-Cochran Manufacturing Company, which built both hand and power operated dishwashers, grew through a focus on hotels and other commercial customers and was renamed as Cochran\u2019s Crescent Washing Machine Company in 1897.Cochran's Crescent Washing Machine Company became part of KitchenAid through acquisition by Hobart Manufacturing Company after Cochran's death in 1913, who first grew the commercial business, and in 1949, the first KitchenAid dishwasher based on Cochran's design was introduced to the public. By the 1950s, most households had access to hot water which had been limited in the past and cultural attitudes regarding the role of women were shifting so the consumer home market opened for dishwashers in the 1950s. Cochran was posthumously inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2006 for patent 355,139 issued on December 28, 1886 for her invention of the dishwasher.", "Q740838": "Gabriel Rosenstock (born 29 September 1949) is an Irish writer who works chiefly in the Irish language. A member of Aosd\u00e1na, he is poet, playwright, haikuist, tankaist, essayist, and author/translator of over 180 books, mostly in Irish. Born in Kilfinane, County Limerick, he currently resides in Dublin.", "Q125237": "Georgia Bright Engel (July 28, 1948 \u2013 April 12, 2019) was an American actress. She is best known for having played Georgette Franklin Baxter in the sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show from 1972 to 1977 and Pat MacDougall on Everybody Loves Raymond from 2003 to 2005. During her career, Engel received five Primetime Emmy Award nominations.", "Q2967649": "Chungsen (C. S.) Leung (Chinese: \u6881\u4e2d\u5fc3) (born July 14, 1950) is a Taiwanese-born Canadian businessman and Conservative politician who was formerly the MP for Willowdale. After his election in the 2011 federal election, Leung was appointed as the Parliamentary Secretary for Multiculturalism, a role he held until his defeat in the 2015 federal election.", "Q67954": "R\u00fcmlingen is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q994": "Tbilisi (English: t\u0259-bih-LEE-see, t\u0259-BIL-ih-see; Georgian: \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 [t\u02b0bilisi] (listen)), in some countries also still known by its pre-1936 international designation, Tiflis ( TIF-lis), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people. Tbilisi was founded in the 5th century AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia, and since then has served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Between 1801 and 1917, then part of the Russian Empire, Tbilisi was the seat of the Imperial Viceroy, governing both Southern and Northern Caucasus.\nBecause of its location on the crossroads between Europe and Asia, and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road, throughout history Tbilisi was a point of contention among various global powers. The city's location to this day ensures its position as an important transit route for various energy and trade projects. Tbilisi's diverse history is reflected in its architecture, which is a mix of medieval, neoclassical, Beaux Arts, Art Nouveau, Stalinist and the Modern structures.\nHistorically, Tbilisi has been home to people of multiple cultural, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, though it is currently overwhelmingly Eastern Orthodox Christian. Its notable tourist destinations include cathedrals Sameba and Sioni, Freedom Square, Rustaveli Avenue and Agmashenebeli Avenue, medieval Narikala Fortress, the pseudo-Moorish Opera Theater, and the Georgian National Museum. The climate in Tbilisi mostly ranges from 20 to 32 \u00b0C (68 to 90 \u00b0F) in the summer and 7 to \u22121 \u00b0C (45 to 30 \u00b0F) in the winter.", "Q82066": "Athar Hussein Rizvi, known as Kaifi Azmi, (14 January 1919 \u2013 10 May 2002) was an Indian Urdu poet. He is remembered as the one who brought Urdu literature to Indian motion pictures. Together with Pirzada Qasim, Jaun Elia and others he participated in many memorable Mushaira gatherings of the twentieth century.", "Q125551": "Parmenides of Elea (; Greek: \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f41 \u1f18\u03bb\u03b5\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2; fl.\u2009late sixth or early fifth century BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Elea in Magna Graecia (meaning \"Great Greece,\" the term which Romans gave to Greek-populated coastal areas in Southern Italy). Parmenides of Elea was in his prime about 475 BC. His floruit is placed by Diogenes Laertius in 504-501 BC. But he visited Athens and met Socrates when the latter was still very young, and he himself was about sixty-five years old; so that if Socrates was about twenty, the meeting took place about 450 BC, making Parmenides\u2019 floruit 475 BC.\"Parmenides has been considered the founder of metaphysics or ontology and has influenced the whole history of Western philosophy. He was the founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy, which also included Zeno of Elea and Melissus of Samos. Zeno's paradoxes of motion were to defend Parmenides' view.\nThe single known work by Parmenides is a poem, On Nature, only fragments of which survive, containing the first sustained argument in the history of philosophy. In it, Parmenides prescribes two views of reality. In \"the way of truth\" (a part of the poem), he explains how all reality is one, change is impossible, and existence is timeless, uniform, and necessary. In \"the way of opinion\", Parmenides explains the world of appearances, in which one's sensory faculties lead to conceptions which are false and deceitful, yet he does offer a cosmology.\nParmenides' philosophy has been explained with the slogan \"whatever is is, and what is not cannot be\". He is also credited with the phrase out of nothing nothing comes. He argues that \"A is not\" can never be thought or said truthfully, and thus despite appearances everything exists as one, giant, unchanging thing. This is generally considered one of the first digressions into the philosophical concept of being, and has been contrasted with Heraclitus's statement that \"No man ever steps into the same river twice\" as one of the first digressions into the philosophical concept of becoming. Scholars have generally believed that either Parmenides was responding to Heraclitus, or Heraclitus to Parmenides.\nAlexius Meinong held a view similar to Parmenides, that even the \"golden mountain\" is real because it can be talked about. The rivalry between Heraclitus and Parmenides has been re-introduced in discussions over the A theory and B theory of time.", "Q59104": "Continental philosophy is a set of 19th- and 20th-century philosophical traditions from mainland Europe. This sense of the term originated among English-speaking philosophers in the second half of the 20th century, who used it to refer to a range of thinkers and traditions outside the analytic movement. Continental philosophy includes German idealism, phenomenology, existentialism (and its antecedents, such as the thought of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche), hermeneutics, structuralism, post-structuralism, deconstruction, French feminism, psychoanalytic theory, and the critical theory of the Frankfurt School and related branches of Western Marxism.It is difficult to identify non-trivial claims that would be common to all the preceding philosophical movements, but the primary differentiation is objectivity, or the belief that the universe has a material reality regardless of whether humans exist or not, rejected by the continental heavyweights like Hegel in the counter-enlightenment, while analytic philosophy is rejection of the latter. The term continental philosophy, like analytic philosophy, lacks clear definition and may mark merely a family resemblance across disparate philosophical views. Simon Glendinning has suggested that the term was originally more pejorative than descriptive, functioning as a label for types of western philosophy rejected or disliked by analytic philosophers. Nonetheless, Michael E. Rosen has ventured to identify common themes that typically characterize continental philosophy.\nFirst, continental philosophers generally reject the view that the natural sciences are the only or most accurate way of understanding natural phenomena. This contrasts with many analytic philosophers who consider their inquiries as continuous with, or subordinate to, those of the natural sciences. Continental philosophers often argue that science depends upon a \"pre-theoretical substrate of experience\" (a version of Kantian conditions of possible experience or the phenomenological \"lifeworld\") and that scientific methods are inadequate to fully understand such conditions of intelligibility.\nSecond, continental philosophy usually considers these conditions of possible experience as variable: determined at least partly by factors such as context, space and time, language, culture, or history. Thus continental philosophy tends toward historicism (or historicity). Where analytic philosophy tends to treat philosophy in terms of discrete problems, capable of being analyzed apart from their historical origins (much as scientists consider the history of science inessential to scientific inquiry), continental philosophy typically suggests that \"philosophical argument cannot be divorced from the textual and contextual conditions of its historical emergence\".\nThird, continental philosophy typically holds that human agency can change these conditions of possible experience: \"if human experience is a contingent creation, then it can be recreated in other ways\". Thus continental philosophers tend to take a strong interest in the unity of theory and practice, and often see their philosophical inquiries as closely related to personal, moral, or political transformation. This tendency is very clear in the Marxist tradition (\"philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point, however, is to change it\"), but is also central in existentialism and post-structuralism.\nA final characteristic trait of continental philosophy is an emphasis on metaphilosophy. In the wake of the development and success of the natural sciences, continental philosophers have often sought to redefine the method and nature of philosophy. In some cases (such as German idealism or phenomenology), this manifests as a renovation of the traditional view that philosophy is the first, foundational, a priori science. In other cases (such as hermeneutics, critical theory, or structuralism), it is held that philosophy investigates a domain that is irreducibly cultural or practical. And some continental philosophers (such as Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, the later Heidegger, or Derrida) doubt whether any conception of philosophy can coherently achieve its stated goals.Ultimately, the foregoing themes derive from a broadly Kantian thesis that knowledge, experience, and reality are bound and shaped by conditions best understood through philosophical reflection rather than exclusively empirical inquiry.", "Q173717": "Carl Forberg (March 4, 1911 \u2013 January 17, 2000) an American racecar driver from Omaha, Nebraska.", "Q1607976": "Herbert Alton Meyer (August 30, 1886 \u2013 October 2, 1950) was a U.S. Representative from Kansas.\nBorn in Chillicothe, Ohio, Meyer attended the grade schools, Washington, D.C., the Staunton Military Academy, Staunton, Virginia from 1900 to 1904, the George Washington University, Washington, D.C. from 1905 to 1908, and was graduated from National University Law School, Washington, D.C., in 1910. He was admitted to the bar in 1910.\nDuring the First World War served as a captain in the United States Army Air Service. He served as assistant to the Secretary of the Interior 1915-1917. He was an executive of an oil marketing company from 1919 to 1937. In 1940 became publisher of the Independence Daily Reporter.\n\n", "Q271806": "Nikki Schieler (born August 9, 1971) is an American model and actress. Schieler was Playboy's Playmate of the Month for September 1997.", "Q240403": "Eiffel 65 is an Italian music group born in 1998 in the studios of the Turin record company Bliss Corporation, consisting of Jeffrey Jey, Maurizio Lobina and Gabry Ponte. They gained global popularity with their singles \"Blue (Da Ba Dee)\" and \"Move Your Body\", from their 1999 studio album Europop. The singles reached number one in many countries, while the album peaked at number four on the Billboard 200 chart. Their following two albums, Contact! (2001) and their 2003 self titled album did not gain as much success, but still managed to gain success in Italy.\nOver the course of their career, the group won a World Music Award in 2000 for the World Best Selling Italian Group, and a B.M.I USA in Los Angeles, rewarding the most-broadcast song on radio in the United States. They were also nominated at the Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for \"Blue (Da Ba Dee)\". Europop was crowned as the greatest album of the 1990s by Channel 4.Eiffel 65 also composed remixes of numerous popular songs, and they recorded \"One Goal\", one of the official songs of the UEFA Euro 2000, and \"Living In My City\", for the 2006 Winter Olympics. With more than 20 million copies sold and many gold, platinum and diamond records, Eiffel 65 is one of Italy's most popular electronic groups.\nIn 2005, DJ Gabry Ponte left the group to focus on his solo career, and later that year, the remaining members Jeffrey Jey and Maurizio Lobina formed their own duo called Bloom 06. In 2010, the original group reunited.", "Q332081": "R\u00f3mulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello (22 February 1908 \u2013 28 September 1981; Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8romulo beta\u014b\u02c8ku\u027e]), known as \"The Father of Venezuelan Democracy\", was the 47th and 54th President of Venezuela, serving from 1945 to 1948 and again from 1959 to 1964, as well as leader of Acci\u00f3n Democr\u00e1tica, Venezuela's dominant political party in the 20th century.\nBetancourt, one of Venezuela's most important political figures, led a tumultuous and highly controversial career in Latin American politics. Periods of exile brought Betancourt in contact with various Latin American countries as well as the United States, securing his legacy as one of the most prominent international leaders to emerge from 20th-century Latin America. Scholars credit Betancourt as the Founding Father of modern democratic Venezuela.", "Q538091": "Lysander Spooner (January 19, 1808 \u2013 May 14, 1887) was an American political philosopher, essayist, pamphlet writer, Unitarian, abolitionist, individualist anarchist, legal theorist, and entrepreneur of the 19th century.\nSpooner was a strong advocate of the labor movement and anti-authoritarian and individualist anarchist in his political views. His economic and political ideology has often been identified as libertarian socialism and mutualism.\nSpooner's writing includes the abolitionist book The Unconstitutionality of Slavery and No Treason: The Constitution of No Authority which opposed treason charges against secessionists. He is also known for competing with the Post Office with his American Letter Mail Company. However, it was closed after legal problems with the federal government.", "Q60785": "Ricarda Huch (German: [hu\u03c7]; 18 July 1864 \u2013 17 November 1947) was a pioneering German intellectual. Trained as an historian, and the author of many works of European history, she also wrote novels, poems, and a play. Asteroid 879 Ricarda is named in her honour. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature seven times.", "Q175366": "Quintin McGarel Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, (9 October 1907 \u2013 12 October 2001), known as the 2nd Viscount Hailsham between 1950 and 1963, when he disclaimed the peerage, was a British barrister and Conservative politician.\nLike his father, Hailsham was considered to be a contender for the leadership of the Conservative Party. He was a contender to succeed Harold Macmillan as prime minister in 1963, renouncing his hereditary peerage to do so, but was passed over in favour of the Earl of Home. He was created a life peer in 1970 and served as Lord Chancellor, the office formerly held by his father, until 1987.", "Q2018185": "Redding is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 9,158 at the 2010 census.", "Q23870": "Jens Otto Harry Jespersen (Danish: [\u02c8\u028cts\u02b0o \u02c8jesp\u0250sn\u0329]; 16 July 1860 \u2013 30 April 1943) was a Danish linguist who specialized in the grammar of the English language.", "Q65825": "Not to be confused with Moli\u00e8re.\nRichard Mollier (German: [m\u0254\u02c8li\u032fe\u02d0]; 30 November 1863, Triest \u2013 13 March 1935, Dresden) was a German professor of Applied Physics and Mechanics in G\u00f6ttingen and Dresden, a pioneer of experimental research in thermodynamics, particularly for water, steam, and moist air.\nMollier diagrams (enthalpy-entropy charts) are routinely used by engineers in the design work associated with power plants (fossil or nuclear), compressors, steam turbines, refrigeration systems, and air conditioning equipment to visualize the working cycles of thermodynamic systems.\nThe Mollier diagram (h\u2013s chart) of enthalpy of moist air versus its water vapor content (h\u2013x diagram) is equivalent to the Psychrometrics Chart commonly used in the USA and Britain.", "Q1163715": "Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization. It is the oldest of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams play in Major League Baseball: 15 teams in the National League (NL) and 15 in the American League (AL). The NL and AL were formed as separate legal entities in 1876 and 1901, respectively. Beginning in 1903, the two leagues cooperated but remained legally separate entities. In 2000 the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball.MLB also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises 256 teams affiliated with the major league clubs. MLB and the World Baseball Softball Confederation jointly manage the international World Baseball Classic tournament.\nBaseball's first openly all-professional team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings founded in 1869. Before that, some teams had secretly paid some players. The first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another.\nThe period before 1920 is known as the dead-ball era, during which players would rarely hit home runs. Professional baseball in the United States survived a conspiracy to fix the 1919 World Series, which came to be known as the Black Sox Scandal. The sport rose in popularity in the 1920s, and survived potential downturns during the Great Depression and World War II. Shortly after the war, Jackie Robinson broke baseball's color barrier.\nThe 1950s and 1960s were a time of expansion for the AL and NL, then new stadiums and artificial turf surfaces began to change the game in the 1970s and 1980s. Home runs dominated the game during the 1990s, and media reports began to discuss the use of anabolic steroids among MLB players in the mid-2000s. In 2006, an investigation produced the Mitchell Report, which implicated many players in the use of performance-enhancing substances, including at least one player from each team.\nToday, MLB is composed of 30 teams: 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. Teams play 162 games each season and 5 teams in each league advance to a four-round postseason tournament that culminates in the World Series, a best-of-seven championship series between the two league champions that dates to 1903. Baseball broadcasts are aired on television, radio, and the Internet throughout North America and in several other countries. MLB has the highest season attendance of any sports league in the world with more than 69.6 million spectators in 2018.", "Q504768": "Schwandorf is a town on the river Naab in the Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany, which is the seat of the Schwandorf district.\n\n", "Q319204": "Brett Ratner (born March 28th, 1969) is an American director and producer. He directed the Rush Hour film series, The Family Man, Red Dragon, X-Men: The Last Stand, and Tower Heist. He was also a producer of several films, including the Horrible Bosses series, The Revenant and War Dogs.Ratner got his start directing with music videos in the 1990s, and directed his first motion picture, Money Talks, in 1997. Overall, the films Ratner has directed have earned over $2 billion at the global box office. Ratner is the co-founder of RatPac Entertainment, a film production and financing company. Ratner led RatPac's partnership with Dune Entertainment in September 2013 for a co-financing deal with Warner Bros. that included 75 films. In January 2017, Ratner received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion picture industry, located at 6801 Hollywood Boulevard.In late 2017, former marketing executive Melanie Kohler and six other women including actresses Olivia Munn, Natasha Henstridge and Ellen Page accused Ratner of sexual misconduct and harassment. Ratner sued Kohler for defamation, but dropped the suit.\n\n", "Q157879": "The Ghost Writer (released as The Ghost in the United Kingdom and Ireland) is a 2010 Franco-German-British political thriller film directed by Roman Polanski. The film is an adaptation of a Robert Harris novel, The Ghost, with the screenplay written by Polanski and Harris. It stars Ewan McGregor, Pierce Brosnan, Kim Cattrall and Olivia Williams.The film was a critical and commercial success and won numerous cinematic awards including Best Director for Polanski at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival and also at the 23rd European Film Awards in 2010.", "Q1314531": "John Lindsay, also Johnny Lindsay or John Lindsey (born August 23, 1894, New Orleans - died July 3, 1950, Chicago) was an American jazz double-bassist and trombonist, active in the New Orleans and Chicago jazz scenes.\nLindsay learned both instruments while young and played trombone in a military band and in ensembles late in the 1910s. In New Orleans, he played with John Robichaux and A.J. Piron's Olympia Orchestra; Lindsay was Piron's trombonist on recordings made in New York City in 1923-1924. He was in Dewey Jackson's riverboat band in 1924, then relocated to Chicago, where he played with Willie Hightower, Carroll Dickerson, Lil Hardin, and Jelly Roll Morton's Red Hot Peppers. Most of his playing in Chicago and subsequently was on bass rather than trombone. Later in his career he toured nationally with Louis Armstrong (1931\u201332), Richard M. Jones, Jimmie Noone, Punch Miller, Johnny Dodds, Chippie Hill, Georgia White, Harlem Hamfats, and Baby Dodds.", "Q1270909": "The D\u00f6bling Cemetery (D\u00f6blinger Friedhof) is a cemetery in the 19th district of Vienna, D\u00f6bling.", "Q87678": "Herbert Ehrenberg (21 December 1926 \u2013 20 February 2018) was a German politician.Ehrenberg was born in Kollnischken, East Prussia (today Kolniszki, Poland) and visited school (Staatliche Kantschule) in Goldap until 1943, when he was conscripted to the Wehrmacht. After his release as Prisoner of war in 1947 he passed his Abitur and studied national economy in Wilhelmshaven and at the University of G\u00f6ttingen, where he took his doctorate in 1958.Ehrenberg joined the Public Services, Transport and Traffic Union (\u00d6TV) in 1949 and the Social Democratic Party of Germany, or SPD, in 1955. In 1964 he became the head of the national economy branch at the chairman of IG Bau-Steine-Erden-Union and in 1968 he started to work at the Federal Ministry of economics. In 1969 he switched to the German Chancellery and was a Secretary of State at the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (Germany) in 1971\u201372 and its Minister in 1976\u201382.\n\nEhrenberg was the Vice-President of the Social Democratic Fraction in the Bundestag in 1974\u20131976 and a member of the Federal Executive Board of the SPD in 1975\u20131984. In 1997\u20132001 he was the Chairman of the Honorary Executive Board and in 2001\u20132003 the first President of the Internationaler Bund Freier Tr\u00e4ger der Jugend-, Sozial- und Bildungsarbeit, afterwards its Honorary President. Ehrenberg died on 20 February 2018 at the age of 91.", "Q505476": "Tim Bergling (Swedish: [\u02c8t\u026am\u02d0 \u02c8b\u00e6\u0302rjl\u026a\u014b] (listen); 8 September 1989 \u2013 20 April 2018), known professionally as Avicii ( \u0259-VEE-chee, Swedish: [a\u02c8v\u026a\u030ct\u02d0\u0255\u026a]), was a Swedish DJ, electronic musician, and songwriter who specialized in audio programming, remixing, and record producing.At the age of 16, Bergling began posting his remixes on electronic music forums, which led to his first record deal. He rose to prominence in 2011 with his single \"Levels\". His debut studio album, True (2013), blended electronic music with elements of multiple genres and received generally positive reviews. It peaked in the top ten in more than fifteen countries and topped international dance charts; the lead single, \"Wake Me Up\", topped most music markets in Europe and reached number four in the United States.\nIn 2015, Bergling released his second studio album, Stories, and in 2017 he released an EP, Av\u012bci (01). His catalog also included the singles \"I Could Be the One\" with Nicky Romero, \"You Make Me\", \"X You\", \"Hey Brother\", \"Addicted to You\", \"The Days\", \"The Nights\", \"Waiting for Love\", \"Without You\" and \"Lonely Together\". Bergling was nominated for a Grammy Award for his work on \"Sunshine\" with David Guetta in 2012 and \"Levels\" in 2013. Several music publications credit Bergling as among the DJs who ushered electronic music into Top 40 radio in the early 2010s.Bergling retired from touring in 2016 due to health problems, having suffered stress and poor mental health for several years. On 20 April 2018, Bergling committed suicide in Muscat, Oman. He was buried on 8 June in his hometown of Stockholm. His posthumous third album titled Tim was released in 2019.", "Q534873": "Wilfred Baddeley (11 January 1872 \u2013 24 January 1929) was a British male tennis player and the elder of the Baddeley twins.", "Q86566": "Johann Baptist Mayrhofer (22 October 1787 \u2013 5 February 1836), was an Austrian poet and librettist. He is best known for his close friendship with the composer Franz Schubert.", "Q4961808": "Casandra Bren\u00e9 Brown PhD, LMSW (born November 18, 1965) is a professor, lecturer, author, and podcast host. Since 2016, Brown has held the Bren\u00e9 Brown Endowed Chair at the University of Houston's Graduate College of Social Work. She is also a visiting professor in management at McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas at Austin. \nBrown has spent her career studying courage, vulnerability, shame, and empathy and has authored multiple books including five New York Times best-sellers: The Gifts of Imperfection, Daring Greatly, Rising Strong, Braving the Wilderness, and Dare to Lead. She also hosts the Unlocking Us podcast and her TED talk is one of the top five most viewed TED Talks in the world. Her filmed lecture, Bren\u00e9 Brown: The Call to Courage, debuted on Netflix in 2019.", "Q131524": "Entrepreneurship is the process of designing, launching and running a new business, which is often initially a small business. The people who create these businesses are called entrepreneurs.Entrepreneurship has been described as the \"capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture along with any of its risks to make a profit.\" While definitions of entrepreneurship typically focus on the launching and running of businesses, due to the high risks involved in launching a start-up, a significant proportion of start-up businesses have to close due to \"lack of funding, bad business decisions, an economic crisis, lack of market demand, or a combination of all of these.\"A broader definition of the term is sometimes used, especially in the field of economics. In this usage, an Entrepreneur is an entity which has the ability to find and act upon opportunities to translate inventions or technologies into products and services: \"The entrepreneur is able to recognize the commercial potential of the invention and organize the capital, talent, and other resources that turn an invention into a commercially viable innovation.\" In this sense, the term \"Entrepreneurship\" also captures innovative activities on the part of established firms, in addition to similar activities on the part of new businesses.", "Q9166": "Maltese (Maltese: Malti) is a Semitic language spoken by the Maltese people of Malta. It is the national language of the country and also serves as an official language of the European Union, the only Semitic language so distinguished. Maltese is a Latinised variety of spoken historical Arabic through its descent from Siculo-Arabic, which developed as a Maghrebi Arabic dialect during the Emirate of Sicily between 831 and 1091. As a result of the Norman invasion of Malta and the subsequent re-christianisation of the island, Maltese evolved independently of Classical Arabic in a gradual process of Latinisation. It is therefore exceptional as a variety of historical Arabic that has no diglossic relationship with Classical or Modern Standard Arabic.. Maltese is thus classified separately from the 30 varieties constituting the modern Arabic macrolanguage. Maltese is also distinguished from Arabic and other Semitic languages since its morphology has been deeply influenced by Romance languages, namely Italian and Sicilian.The original Arabic base comprises around one-third of the Maltese vocabulary, especially words that denote basic ideas and the function words, but about half of the vocabulary is derived from standard Italian and Sicilian; and English words make up between 6% and 20% of the vocabulary. A 2016 study shows that, in terms of basic everyday language, speakers of Maltese are able to understand around a third of what is said to them in Tunisian Arabic, which is a Maghrebi Arabic related to Siculo Arabic, whereas speakers of Tunisian Arabic are able to understand about 40% of what is said to them in Maltese. This reported level of asymmetric intelligibility is considerably lower than the mutual intelligibility found between other varieties of Arabic.Maltese has always been written in the Latin script, the earliest surviving example dating from the late Middle Ages. It continues to be the only standardised Semitic language written exclusively in the Latin script.", "Q321943": "Richard Cameron Wattis (25 February 1912 \u2013 1 February 1975) was an English actor.", "Q436902": "Edward Irving Edwards (December 1, 1863 \u2013 January 26, 1931) was an American Democratic Party politician who served as the 37th Governor of New Jersey from 1920 to 1923 and in the United States Senate from 1923 to 1929.", "Q12461": "Le Monde (French pronunciation: \u200b[l\u0259 m\u0254\u0303d]; English: The World) is a French daily afternoon newspaper founded by Hubert Beuve-M\u00e9ry at the request of Charles de Gaulle (as Chairman of the Provisional Government of the French Republic) on 19 December 1944, shortly after the Liberation of Paris, and published continuously since its first edition.\nLe Monde is one of the French newspapers of record, counting also Lib\u00e9ration, and Le Figaro, and the main publication of Le Monde Group. It reported an average circulation of 323,039 copies per issue in 2009, about 40,000 of which were sold abroad. It has had its own website since 19 December 1995, and is often the only French newspaper easily obtainable in non-French-speaking countries. It should not be confused with the monthly publication Le Monde diplomatique, of which Le Monde has 51% ownership, but which is editorially independent.\nThe paper's journalistic side has a collegial form of organization, in which most journalists are not only tenured, but financial stakeholders in the enterprise as well, and participate in the elections of upper management and senior executives. In the 1990s and 2000s, La Vie-Le Monde Group expanded under editor Jean-Marie Colombani with a number of acquisitions. However, its profitability was not sufficient to cover the large debt loads it took on to fund this expansion, and it sought new investors in 2010 to keep the company out of bankruptcy. In June 2010, investors Matthieu Pigasse, Pierre Berg\u00e9, and Xavier Niel acquired a controlling stake in the newspaper.In contrast to other world newspapers such as The New York Times, Le Monde was traditionally focused on offering analysis and opinion, as opposed to being a newspaper of record. Hence, it was considered less important for the paper to offer maximum coverage of the news than to offer thoughtful interpretation of current events. For instance, on the 10th anniversary of the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior, the newspaper directly implicated Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand, who was the French president at the time, in the operation. In recent years the paper has established a greater distinction between fact and opinion.", "Q309003": "Conan the Barbarian is a 1982 American epic sword and sorcery film directed by John Milius and written by Milius and Oliver Stone. It is based on the character created by Robert E. Howard. The film stars Arnold Schwarzenegger and James Earl Jones, and tells the story of a young muscular barbarian warrior named Conan (Schwarzenegger), who seeks vengeance for the death of his parents at the hands of Thulsa Doom (Jones), the leader of a snake cult.\nIdeas for a Conan film were proposed as early as 1970; executive producer Edward R. Pressman and associate producer Edward Summer began a concerted effort to get the film made in 1975. It took them two years to obtain the film rights, after which they recruited Schwarzenegger for the lead role and Stone to draft a script. Pressman lacked capital for the endeavor, and in 1979, after having his proposals for investments rejected by the major studios, he sold the project to Dino De Laurentiis; his daughter Raffaella produced the film. Milius was appointed as director and he rewrote Stone's script. The final screenplay integrated scenes from Howard's stories and from the Japanese films Seven Samurai (1954) and Kwaidan (1965). Filming took place in Spain over five months in the regions around Madrid and the province of Almer\u00eda. The sets, designed by Ron Cobb, were based on Dark Age cultures and Frank Frazetta's paintings of Conan. Milius eschewed optical effects, preferring to realize his ideas with mechanical constructs and optical illusions. Schwarzenegger performed most of his own stunts, and two types of swords, costing $10,000 each, were forged for his character. The editing process took over a year, and several violent scenes were cut out.\nConan the Barbarian was distributed by Universal Pictures in North America and 20th Century Fox in other territories. It premiered on March 16, 1982 in Spain and May 14, 1982 in North America. Upon release, the film received mixed reviews from critics and audiences alike, mainly positive for its action sequences, production design, directing, visual style, effects and Schwarzenegger's performance, but negatively received for its violent content and screenwriting. Despite this, the film became a commercial success for its backers, grossing between $68.9 million and $79.1 million at box offices around the world against its budget of only $20 million, although the revenue fell short of the level that would qualify the film as a blockbuster.\nThe film earned Schwarzenegger worldwide recognition. Conan the Barbarian has been frequently released on home video, the sales of which had increased the film's gross to more than $300 million by 2007. In the years following its release, it became a cult film, and its success spawned a sequel, titled Conan the Destroyer (1984). It ultimately led to the production of a 2011 reboot of the same name.", "Q1687804": "Jerry Colangelo (born November 20, 1939) is an American businessman and sports executive. He formerly owned the Phoenix Suns of the NBA, the Phoenix Mercury of the WNBA, the Arizona Sandsharks of the Continental Indoor Soccer League, the Arizona Rattlers of the Arena Football League and the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball. He was also instrumental in the relocation of the original Winnipeg Jets team in the NHL to Phoenix to become the Phoenix Coyotes (now the Arizona Coyotes). In 2014, Grand Canyon University renamed its Christian based school of business after Jerry Colangelo, replacing Ken Blanchard's namesake. From December 2015 to April 2016, Colangelo served as Chairman of Basketball Operations for the Philadelphia 76ers, before serving as a special adviser to the team until December 2018.\nHe became the youngest general manager in professional sports in 1968 after being hired as general manager for the Phoenix Suns. He has the second longest tenure running the same NBA franchise, exceeded only by Red Auerbach of the Boston Celtics.In the summer of 2005, Colangelo was named director of USA Basketball whose team represented the United States in the 2008 Beijing Olympics and 2010 FIBA World Championship. Since 2009, he has served as Chairman of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Colangelo also serves as Chairman of the National Italian American Foundation (NIAF), a nonprofit nonpartisan educational foundation that promotes Italian American culture and heritage.", "Q128061": "Peter Parros (born November 11, 1960 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American actor and screenwriter. His acting credits include stage, screen and television. Currently Parros portrays Judge David Harrington on Tyler Perry's The Haves and the Have Nots airing on the Oprah Winfrey Network, but he may be most recognized for his nearly decade-long portrayal of Dr. Ben Harris on the CBS soap As the World Turns.", "Q461682": "The Scorpion King is a 2002 American historical fantasy action film directed by Chuck Russell, starring Dwayne \"The Rock\" Johnson, Kelly Hu, Grant Heslov, and Michael Clarke Duncan. It is a prequel of The Mummy franchise, which acts as a prologue as it takes place before the events of The Mummy and tells the story of Mathayus and his rise to become the legendary Scorpion King. The film marks Johnson's first lead role.\nThe events of The Scorpion King take place 5,000 years before the events of The Mummy and The Mummy Returns, revealing Mathayus' origins and his rise to power as the legendary hero, the Scorpion King. The name is a reference to a historical king of the Protodynastic Period of Egypt, King Scorpion.", "Q107082": "Mary G. Harris Jones (baptized 1837; died 1930), known as Mother Jones from 1897 onwards, was an Irish-born American schoolteacher and dressmaker who became a prominent union organizer, community organizer, and activist. She helped coordinate major strikes and co-founded the Industrial Workers of the World.\nAfter Jones' husband and four children all died of yellow fever in 1867, and her dress shop was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, she became an organizer for the Knights of Labor and the United Mine Workers union. In 1902, she was called \"the most dangerous woman in America\" for her success in organizing mine workers and their families against the mine owners. In 1903, to protest the lax enforcement of the child labor laws in the Pennsylvania mines and silk mills, she organized a children's march from Philadelphia to the home of President Theodore Roosevelt in New York.", "Q503013": "Ronald Jeremy Hyatt (born March 12, 1953) is an American pornographic actor, filmmaker, actor, and stand-up comedian.Nicknamed \"The Hedgehog\", Jeremy was ranked by AVN at No. 1 in their \"50 Top Porn Stars of All Time\" list. Jeremy has also made a number of non-pornographic media appearances, and director Scott J. Gill filmed a documentary about him and his legacy, Porn Star: The Legend of Ron Jeremy, which was released in 2001.", "Q609586": "Shahid Beheshti University is one of the top-five universities in Iran. The school offers 69 programs at Bachelor's, 208 at Master's and 136 at Ph.D. levels.", "Q65831": "Hans Hartwig von Beseler (27 April 1850 \u2013 20 December 1921) was a German Colonel General.\n\n", "Q966564": "Hardcore hip hop (also hardcore rap) is a genre of hip hop music that developed through the East Coast hip hop scene in the 1980s. Pioneered by such artists as Run-D.M.C., Schoolly D, Boogie Down Productions and Public Enemy, it is generally characterized by anger, aggression and confrontation.", "Q1210031": "Richard Winston \"Dickie\" Moore (January 6, 1931 \u2013 December 19, 2015) was a Canadian professional hockey player, successful businessman and community philanthropist. He twice won the Art Ross Trophy as the National Hockey League's leading scorer and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Moore spent much of his career with the Montreal Canadiens, but also played briefly with the Toronto Maple Leafs and St. Louis Blues. In 2017 Moore was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.", "Q254462": "Nicoletta Braschi (born 19 April 1960) is an Italian actress and producer, best known for her work with her husband, actor and director Roberto Benigni.", "Q60300556": "Faith Coloccia is an American artist and musician. She is most known as being the founding member and primary songwriter for the post-rock band Mamiffer. Coloccia has also been a member of Everlovely Lightningheart, Pyramids, House of Low Culture and Split Cranium. In 2009, she co-founded the independent record label SIGE Records with her husband Aaron Turner (Isis, Sumac).", "Q2267931": "Manuel de Jes\u00fas Clouthier del Rinc\u00f3n (b.June 13, 1934 \u2013 d.October 1, 1989) was a Mexican agriculturalist, businessman and politician. His 1988 presidential campaign challenged the dominance of Mexico's PRI party in the nation's politics, with rhetoric and protests before, during and after the elections. Although officially coming in third, he remained a prominent political force in Mexico until his death in a car accident a year after the elections.\n\n", "Q159840": "Rudolphus Franciscus Marie \"Ruud\" Lubbers (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8ryt \u02c8l\u028fb\u0259rs] (listen); 7 May 1939 \u2013 14 February 2018) was a Dutch businessman, politician and diplomat of the defunct Catholic People's Party (KVP) and later the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 4 November 1982 to 22 August 1994 and as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1 January 2001 until 20 February 2005.Lubbers studied at the Rotterdam School of Economics in September 1957 majoring in Economics and obtained a Bachelor of Economics degree in November 1958 before graduating with a Master of Economics degree in April 1962. Lubbers worked as a corporate director for the manufacturing company Hollandia in Rotterdam from April 1963 until May 1973. Lubbers also worked as a trade association executive for the Christian Employers'association (NCW) from January 1965 until May 1973 and as a media administrator for the Catholic Radio Broadcasting (KRO) from April 1966 until May 1973.\nAfter the election of 1972 Lubbers was appointed as Minister of Economic Affairs in the Cabinet Den Uyl, taking office on 11 May 1973. The Cabinet Den Uyl fell on 22 March 1977 after four years of tensions in the coalition and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity. Lubbers was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1972, taking office on 8 June 1977, but as he was still serving in the cabinet and because of dualism customs in the constitutional convention of Dutch politics, he couldn't serve a dual mandate and he subsequently resigned as Member of the House of Representatives on 8 September 1977. Following the cabinet formation of 1977 Lubbers was not given a cabinet post in the new cabinet; the Cabinet Den Uyl was replaced by the Cabinet Van Agt\u2013Wiegel on 19 December 1977. Lubbers subsequently returned as a Member of the House of Representatives after Roelof Kruisinga was appointed as Minister of Defence in the Cabinet Van Agt\u2013Wiegel, taking office on 22 December 1977 serving as a frontbencher. On 7 November 1978, the Parliamentary leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal in the House of Representatives Willem Aantjes resigned and Lubbers was selected as his successor as Parliamentary leader. After the election of 1981, the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal and incumbent Prime Minister Dries van Agt returned as Parliamentary leader on 10 June 1981 and following the cabinet formation of 1981 and the formation of the Cabinet Van Agt II, Lubbers again took over as Parliamentary leader on 24 Augustus 1981. Shortly after the election of 1982, Van Agt unexpectedly announced he was stepping down as Leader and wouldn't serve another term as Prime Minister. The Chairman of the Christian Democratic Appeal Piet Bukman approached Lubbers as his successor; Lubbers accepted and became the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal and the presumed de facto next Prime Minister. He was appointed as Formateur on 25 October 1982 and the following cabinet formation of 1982 resulted in a coalition agreement between the Christian Democratic Appeal and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) which formed the Cabinet Lubbers I with Lubbers becoming Prime Minister of the Netherlands and Minister of General Affairs, taking office on 4 November 1982. \nFor the election of 1986 Lubbers served as Lijsttrekker (top candidate). The Christian Democratic Appeal made a large win, gaining 9 seats and became the largest party and now had 54 seats in the House of Representatives and Lubbers was again appointed as Formateur. Lubbers returned as a Member of the House of Representatives and Parliamentary leader, taking office on 3 June 1986. The following cabinet formation of 1986 resulted in a continuation of the coalition agreement between the Christian Democratic Appeal and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) which formed the Cabinet Lubbers II with Lubbers remaining as Prime Minister of the Netherlands and Minister of General Affairs, taking office on 14 July 1986. The Cabinet Lubbers II fell on 3 May 1989 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity. For the election of 1989 Lubbers again served as Lijsttrekker. The Christian Democratic Appeal kept the 54 seats in the House of Representative and retained its place as the largest party and Lubbers was again appointed as Formateur. Lubbers again returned as a Member of the House of Representatives and Parliamentary leader, taking office on 14 September 1989. The following cabinet formation of 1989 resulted in a coalition agreement between the Christian Democratic Appeal and the Labour Party (PvdA) which formed the Cabinet Lubbers III with Lubbers continuing as Prime Minister of the Netherlands and Minister of General Affairs, taking office on 7 November 1989. Lubbers served as acting Minister for Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Affairs from 7 November 1989 until 14 November 1989 until the appointment of Ernst Hirsch Ballin. In October 1993 Lubbers announced he was stepping down as Leader and that he wouldn't stand for the election of 1994. Lubbers again served as Minister for Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Affairs from 27 May 1994 until 22 August 1994 following the resignation of Ernst Hirsch Ballin. The Cabinet Lubbers III was replaced by the Cabinet Kok I following the cabinet formation of 1989 on 22 August 1994.\nLubbers semi-retired from active politics and became active in the public sector and occupied numerous seats as a non-profit director on several boards of directors and supervisory boards (World Wide Fund for Nature, Earth Charter, Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Club of Rome and the Institute of International Relations Clingendael) and served on several state commissions and councils on behalf of the government (Mine Council and the Council for Culture. Lubbers also served as a distinguished visiting professor of International relations and Globalization at the Tilburg University and the John F. Kennedy School of Government of the Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts from February 1995 until December 2000. In November 2000 Lubbers was nominated as the next United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, serving from 1 January 2001 until 20 February 2005.\nLubbers retired after spending 32 years in national politics but remained active in the public sector and continued to occupied numerous seats as a nonprofit director on several boards of directors and supervisory boards and as an advocate, lobbyist and activist for Humanitarian, Conservation, Environmentalism, Sustainable development and Climate change issues. \nLubbers was known for his abilities as a team leader and consensus builder. During his premiership, his cabinets were responsible for major reforms to Social security, stimulating Privatization and Sustainable development, revitalizing the Economy following the recession in the 1980s and reducing the deficit. Lubbers was granted the honorary title of Minister of State on 31 January 1995 and continued to comment on political affairs as a statesman until his death at the age of 78. He holds the record as the youngest and longest-serving Prime Minister of the Netherlands with 11 years, 291 days and is consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as one of the best Prime Ministers after World War II.", "Q14010": "Ursula Hilda Mary Martin CBE FRSE FREng (born 3 August 1953) is a British computer scientist, with research interests in theoretical computer science and formal methods. She is also known for her activities aimed at encouraging women in the fields of computing and mathematics. Since 2019, she has been a professor at the School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh.From 2014\u20132018, Martin was a Professor of Computer Science in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Oxford, and holds an EPSRC Established Career Fellowship. Prior to this she held a chair of Computer Science in the School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science at Queen Mary, University of London, where she was Vice-Principal of Science and Engineering, 2005\u20132009.\n\n", "Q683873": "The term Prussian state railways (German: Preu\u00dfische Staatseisenbahnen) encompasses those railway organisations that were owned or managed by the State of Prussia. The words \"state railways\" are not capitalized because Prussia did not have an independent railway administration; rather the individual railway organisations were under the control of the Ministry for Trade and Commerce or its later offshoot, the Ministry for Public Works. \nThe official name of the Prussian rail network was K\u00f6niglich Preu\u00dfische Staatseisenbahnen (K.P.St.E., \"Royal Prussian State Railways\") until 1896, K\u00f6niglich Preu\u00dfische und Gro\u00dfherzoglich Hessische Staatseisenbahn (K.P.u.G.H.St.E., \"Royal Prussian and Grand-Ducal Hessian State Railways\") until the end of the First World War, and Preu\u00dfische Staatsbahn (P.St.B., \"Prussian State Railway\") until its nationalization in 1920. A common mistake is the use of the abbreviation K.P.E.V. in supposed reference to a mythical \"Royal Prussian Railway Administration\" (K\u00f6niglich Preu\u00dfischen Eisenbahn-Verwaltung). No such entity ever existed and Prussian railway cars acquired the K.P.E.V. logo apparently through an error originating in their Cologne division.", "Q1278399": "Elizabeth R is a BBC television drama serial of six 85-minute plays starring Glenda Jackson as Elizabeth I of England. It was first broadcast on BBC2 from February to March 1971, through the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Australia and broadcast in America on PBS's Masterpiece Theatre.", "Q177565": "Marguerite-Louise Virginie Chardon Ancelot (1792\u20131875) was a French painter, writer and playwright. Ancelot was born to a parliamentary family in Dijon, and was married to playwright Jacques-Fran\u00e7ois Ancelot. From 1824 to 1866 Ancelot hosted a literary salon on Paris's rue de Seine.Her plays were collected in four volumes and published as The\u00e2tre complet in 1848. She published two memoirs: Les Salons de Paris, foyers \u00e9teints (1858) and Un salon de Paris 1824-64 (1866). Her most important novels include Georgine (1855), Une route sans issue (1857), and Un n\u0153ud de ruban (1858).", "Q2047495": "Mont Brul\u00e9 (also known as Mont Br\u00fbl\u00e9 or Mont Braoul\u00e9) is a mountain of the Pennine Alps, located on the Swiss-Italian border, east of the Col Collon. On its northern side it overlooks the upper Arolla Glacier.", "Q2615836": "Daniel Craig McCallum (21 January 1815 \u2013 27 December 1878) was a Scottish-born American railroad engineer, general manager of the New York and Erie Railroad and Union Brevet Major General during the American Civil War, known as one of the early pioneers of management. He set down a set of general principles of management, and is credited for having developed the first modern organizational chart.", "Q1250415": "Lambert Orkis (born 1946, Philadelphia) is an American classical pianist. His career has been based on many differing roles: ranging from being the collaborative pianist for Anne-Sophie Mutter for works of piano and violin chamber music since 1988 (mainly containing sonatas for violin and piano by Beethoven, Mozart, Brahms, and Schubert). In 2000, the duo was honored by a Grammy Award for their interpretation of the Beethoven violin sonatas.\nFor eleven years, Orkis had also collaborated with the famous cellist (and conductor) Mstislav Rostropovich on chamber music recitals. From this collaboration, Rostropovich created a permanent position for Orkis, appointing him as first piano instrumentalist member of the National Symphony Orchestra during his tenure as a chief conductor in Washington, D.C.\nA third specialty of Lambert Orkis are his performances on period instruments but is also a specialist in contemporary music, having collaborated with the cellists Lynn Harrell, Anner Bylsma and Daniel M\u00fcller-Schott, as well as with the violinists Julian Rachlin and Jaap Schroeder. Contemporary composers such as George Crumb, Richard Wernick and James Primrosch have written piano compositions especially for him.\nLambert Orkis is Professor of piano of the Boyer College of Music and Dance at Temple University in Philadelphia.", "Q1175163": "David Lee Murphy (born January 7, 1959) is an American country music singer and songwriter. He is best known for his #1 country hits \"Dust on the Bottle\" and \"Everything's Gonna Be Alright\", as well as the hit songs \"Party Crowd\", \"Out with a Bang\", \"Every Time I Get Around You\", \"The Road You Leave Behind\", and \"Loco\". He has released five solo studio albums: Out with a Bang (1994), Gettin' Out the Good Stuff (1996), We Can't All Be Angels (1997), Tryin' to Get There (2004), and No Zip Code (2018). His songs \"Just Once\" and \"We Can't All Be Angels\" appeared on the soundtracks of the films 8 Seconds (1994) and Black Dog (1998), respectively.\nMurphy took a hiatus from recording in 2004, and has co-written several singles for other artists, including the hits \"Living in Fast Forward\" for Kenny Chesney, \"Anywhere With You\" for Jake Owen, \"Big Green Tractor\" for Jason Aldean, and \"Are You Gonna Kiss Me or Not\" for Thompson Square. On April 6, 2018, Murphy and Kenny Chesney released a studio album together, No Zip Code, which features their hit song \"Everything's Gonna Be Alright\".", "Q96761": "Paul Hermann Bildt (19 May 1885 \u2013 13 March 1957) was a German film actor. He appeared in more than 180 films between 1910 and 1956. He was born and died in Berlin, Germany.", "Q321957": "Yesterday Girl (German: Abschied von gestern, \"Farewell to Yesterday\") is a 1966 drama film directed and written by Alexander Kluge. The film is based on the short story \"Anita G.\" (1962), which is also by Alexander Kluge. The film tells the story of Anita G., a young East German migrant to West Germany and her struggle to adjust to her new life. The film is associated with New German Cinema.\nThe film won four German Film Awards. The film won a Silver Lion at the Venice Film Festival, whereas Kluge's next film, Artists Under the Big Top: Perplexed even went on to win the Golden Lion, a political scandal due to its progressive leanings which resulted in no Golden Lions being awarded up to 1979.", "Q146960": "S\u00e1ndor Tarics (23 September 1913 \u2013 21 May 2016) was a Hungarian water polo player who won a gold medal in the 1936 Summer Olympics.", "Q183382": "Lyudmila Stefanovna Petrushevskaya (Russian: \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f; born 26 May 1938) is a Russian writer, novelist and playwright. She began her career writing and putting on plays, which were often censored by the Soviet government, and following perestroika, published a number of well-respected works of prose. \nShe is best known for her plays, novels, including The Time: Night, and collections of short stories, notably There Once Lived a Woman Who Tried to Kill Her Neighbor\u2019s Baby. In 2017, she published a memoir, The Girl from the Metropol Hotel. She is considered one of Russia's premier living literary figures, having been compared in style to Anton Chekhov and in influence to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. Her works have won a number of accolades, including the Russian Booker Prize, the Pushkin Prize, and the World Fantasy Award.Her creative interests and successes are wide-ranging, as she is also a singer and has worked in film animation, screenwriting, and as a painter.", "Q738029": "William Charles Ayers (; born December 26, 1944) is a former leader of the Weather Underground and American elementary education theorist. During the 1960s, Ayers participated in the counterculture movement that opposed US involvement in the Vietnam War. He is known for his 1960s radical activism and his later work in education reform, curriculum and instruction. \nIn 1969, Ayers co-founded the Weather Underground, a self-described Communist revolutionary group that sought to overthrow imperialism. The Weather Underground conducted a campaign of bombing public buildings (including police stations, the United States Capitol, and the Pentagon) during the 1960s and 1970s in response to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.\nAyers is a retired professor in the College of Education at the University of Illinois at Chicago, formerly holding the titles of Distinguished Professor of Education and Senior University Scholar. During the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, a controversy arose over his contacts with then-candidate Barack Obama. He is married to Bernardine Dohrn, who was also a leader in the Weather Underground.", "Q125545": "Publius Cornelius Sulla (died 45 BC) was a politician of the late Roman Republic and the nephew of Lucius Cornelius Sulla. He was also a brother-in-law of Pompey, having married his sister Pompeia.", "Q163510": "Drog\u00f6n Chogyal Phagpa (Tibetan: \u0f60\u0f42\u0fb2\u0f7c\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f42\u0f7c\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f46\u0f7c\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f55\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b, Wylie: \u02bcgro mgon chos rgyal \u02bcphags pa, 1235 \u2013 15 December 1280), was the fifth leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism. He was also the first Imperial Preceptor of Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty, division of the Mongol Empire, and was concurrently named the director of the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs. Historical tradition remembers him as the first vice-ruler of Tibet under the Mongol Khagan as well as one of the Five Sakya patriarchs (Tibetan: \u0f66\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f90\u0fb1\u0f0b\u0f42\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f62\u0fa3\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f94\u0f0b, Wylie: sa skya gong ma rnam lnga). Although this is historically disputed, he played a very important political role.", "Q95268": "Friedrich von Oppeln-Bronikowski (April 7, 1873 \u2013 October 9, 1936) was a German writer, translator, publisher and cultural historian. His grave is located in the S\u00fcdwestkirchhof Stahnsdorf near Berlin.", "Q105695": "AnnaSophia Robb (born December 8, 1993) is an American actress, singer and model. She began as a child actress on television, making her leading debut as the titular role in Samantha: An American Girl Holiday (2004). She made her feature film debut in Because of Winn-Dixie (2005), followed by the supporting role of Violet Beauregarde in Tim Burton's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005). Her performance as Leslie Burke in Bridge to Terabithia (2007) garnered her recognition and praise, and two Young Artist Awards. Her subsequent film roles include Race to Witch Mountain (2009), Soul Surfer (2011), and The Way, Way Back (2013). She received wider recognition and praise for playing the lead role of Carrie Bradshaw on The CW's series The Carrie Diaries (2013\u20132014). In 2019, she played the role of Gypsy Rose Blanchard\u2019s neighbor Lacey in the Hulu miniseries The Act.", "Q17519": "Anousheh Ansari (Persian: \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200e; n\u00e9e Raissyan; born September 12, 1966) is an Iranian American engineer and co-founder and chairwoman of Prodea Systems. Her previous business accomplishments include serving as co-founder and CEO of Telecom Technologies, Inc. (TTI). The Ansari family is also the title sponsor of the Ansari X Prize. On September 18, 2006, a few days after her 40th birthday, she became the first Iranian in space. Ansari was the fourth overall self-funded space tourist, and the first self-funded woman to fly to the International Space Station. Her memoir, My Dream of Stars, co-written with Homer Hickam, was published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2010.", "Q124883": "Ernst Schlange (September 1, 1888 \u2013 \u2020 1947) was a Nazi German politician, Gauleiter of Berlin-Brandenburg and a member of the Prussian Landtag. Severely wounded in World War I, he became active in various anti-Semitic far right political groups and eventually joined the National Socialist German Worker's Party in 1925. He was opposed to the party's more extreme tactics for gaining power and eventually ran afoul of Reich Minister of Propaganda and Gauleiter of Berlin, Joseph Goebbels. This caused Schlange to lose his leadership posts by the mid-1930s. He died under obscure circumstances at the end of World War II.", "Q499887": "Elgin ( EL-jin) is a city in Cook and Kane counties in the northern part of the U.S. state of Illinois. Located roughly 35 mi (56 km) northwest of Chicago, it lies along the Fox River. As of 2018, the city had an estimated population of 111,683, making it the eighth-largest city in Illinois.", "Q115486": "Mohamed Sherif Pasha GCSI (1826\u20131887) (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u200e) was an Egyptian statesman of Turkish origin. He served as Prime Minister of Egypt three times during his career. His first term was between April 7, 1879 and August 18, 1879. His second term was served from September 14, 1881 to February 4, 1882. His final term was served between August 21, 1882 and January 7, 1884.", "Q5990": "Vercelli (Italian pronunciation: [ver\u02c8t\u0283\u025blli] (listen); Piedmontese: V\u00ebrs\u00e8j [v\u0259r\u02c8s\u025bj]), is a city and comune of 46.552 inhabitants (1-1-2017) in the Province of Vercelli, Piedmont, northern Italy. One of the oldest urban sites in northern Italy, it was founded, according to most historians, around the year 600 BC.\nThe city is situated on the river Sesia in the plain of the river Po between Milan and Turin. It is an important centre for the cultivation of rice, and is surrounded by rice paddies, which are flooded in the summer. The climate is typical of the Po Valley with cold, foggy winters (0.4 \u00b0C (33 \u00b0F) in January) and oppressive heat during the summer months (23.45 \u00b0C (74 \u00b0F) in July). Rainfall is most prevalent during the spring and autumn; thunderstorms are common in the summer.\nThe languages spoken in Vercelli are Italian and Piedmontese; the variety of Piedmontese native to the city is called Varsleis.\nThe world's first university funded by public money was established in Vercelli in 1228 (the seventh university founded in Italy), but was closed in 1372.\nToday it has a university of literature and philosophy as a part of the Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale and a satellite campus of the Politecnico di Torino.", "Q84365": "Maria Margarethe Anna Schell (15 January 1926 \u2013 26 April 2005) was an Austrian-Swiss actress. She ranged among the stars of German cinema in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1954, she was awarded the Cannes Best Actress Award for her performance in Helmut K\u00e4utner's war drama The Last Bridge, and in 1956, she won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival for Gervaise.", "Q70582": "Valeyres-sous-Montagny is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q445734": "Lisa Perez Jackson (born February 8, 1962) is an American chemical engineer who served as the Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) from 2009 to 2013. She is the first African-American to have held that position.\nBorn in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Jackson is a graduate of Tulane University and Princeton University. Soon after entering the EPA as a staff-level engineer in 1987, she moved to the EPA's regional office in New York City, where she spent the majority of her 16-year EPA career. In 2002, she joined the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection as the Assistant Commissioner of Compliance and Enforcement and Assistant Commissioner for Land Use Management. New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine appointed Jackson the state's Commissioner of Environmental Protection in 2006. Jackson also briefly served as Corzine's Chief of Staff in late 2008.\nOn December 15, 2008, President-elect Barack Obama nominated Jackson to serve as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency; she was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on January 23, 2009, and took office that same day. During her tenure as EPA Administrator, Jackson oversaw the development of stricter fuel efficiency standards and the EPA's response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill; authorized the recognition of carbon dioxide as a public health threat, granting the EPA authority to set new regulations regarding CO2 emissions; and proposed amending the National Ambient Air Quality Standards to set stricter smog pollution limits. In December 2012, Jackson announced she would step down as EPA Administrator effective February 15, 2013; she was succeeded by Deputy Administrator Bob Perciasepe, who served as Acting Administrator until the Senate confirmed Gina McCarthy as a permanent successor on July 18, 2013 .", "Q165161": "100 Feet is a 2008 American horror film written and directed by Eric Red and starring Famke Janssen, Bobby Cannavale, Ed Westwick and Michael Par\u00e9.", "Q943914": "Howard Lindsay Goodall (; born 26 May 1958) is an English composer of musicals, choral music and music for television. He also presents music-based programmes for television and radio, for which he has won many awards. In May 2008, he was named as a presenter and Composer-in-Residence with the UK radio channel Classic FM. In May 2009, he was named \"Composer of the Year\" at the Classic BRIT Awards.", "Q175372": "Rachel Yanait Ben-Zvi (Hebrew: \u05e8\u05d7\u05dc \u05d9\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05df-\u05e6\u05d1\u05d9\u200e\u200e; 1886 \u2013 16 November 1979) was an Israeli author and educator, and a leading Labor Zionist. Ben-Zvi was the wife of the second President of Israel, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi.", "Q284333": "Where the Day Takes You is a 1992 American drama film directed by Marc Rocco and starring Dermot Mulroney, Sean Astin, Balthazar Getty, Lara Flynn Boyle, Ricki Lake, James LeGros, Laura San Giacomo, David Arquette, Christian Slater, and Will Smith (in his film debut). The film tells the story of teenage runaways trying to survive on the streets of Los Angeles. The film was nominated for the \"Critics Award\" at the Deauville Film Festival and won the Golden Space Needle Award at the Seattle International Film Festival.\nThe film was primarily shot on location in Los Angeles and Venice, California, and includes several songs by Melissa Etheridge.", "Q102844": "For other people named Michael M\u00fcller, see Michael Muller.Michael M\u00fcller (born 9 December 1964) is a German politician serving as the Governing Mayor of Berlin since 11 December 2014. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, he also served as President of the Bundesrat from November 2017 until October 2018, which made him deputy to the President of Germany.", "Q113791": "August Karl Silberstein (1 July 1827 \u2013 7 March 1900) was an Austrian writer, born in Ofen, Budapest (Hungary). Silberstein was educated at the University of Vienna and supported the 1848 revolts in Austria-Hungary with his articles in the German satire periodical Leuchtkugeln, which was banned in the middle of 1851. As a result, Silbertein was forced to leave his home.\nImpassioned by the country life, he wrote stories of life in villages idealizing the countryside and published popular collections of tales. He was thus called the \"Austrian Auerbach\". His poems had influence in his lifetime, in particular upon the Austrian poet Peter Rosegger, to whom he was to some extent a mentor. These poems were sometimes put to music by composers such as Strauss (Wenn du ein herzig Liebchen hast of 1879) or Anton Bruckner (Germanenzug of 1864, Vaterlandslied of 1866, and Helgoland of 1893).", "Q2999": "W\u00fcrzburg (UK: , US: , German: [\u02c8v\u028f\u0281tsb\u028a\u0281k] (listen); Main-Franconian: W\u00f6rtzburch) is a city in the region of Franconia, northern Bavaria, Germany. Located on the Main River, it is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia. The regional dialect is East Franconian.\nW\u00fcrzburg lies about equidistant from Frankfurt am Main and Nuremberg (each about 120 kilometers or 75 miles away). Although the city of W\u00fcrzburg is not part of the Landkreis W\u00fcrzburg, (i.e., district of W\u00fcrzburg), it is the seat of the district's administration. The city has a population of around 130,000 people.", "Q6749300": "Manhattan Records is an American record label, owned by Universal Music Group and operates as a branch of Capitol Music Group.", "Q729642": "Jorge Carlos Vergara Madrigal (Spanish pronunciation: ['xo\u027exe \u03b2e\u027e\u02c8\u0263a\u027ea]) (3 March 1955 \u2013 15 November 2019) was a Mexican businessman and film producer. He was the founder of the multi-level marketing company Grupo Omnilife. In addition to its health products business, Grupo Omnilife owns the football club C.D. Guadalajara. Vergara was also owner of Costa Rican football team Saprissa(2003-2011) and Major League Soccer club Chivas USA (2004-2014).\nVergara produced internationally recognized films such as The Assassination of Richard Nixon and the Oscar-nominated Y Tu Mam\u00e1 Tambi\u00e9n through the production company, Producciones Anhelo.\nHe died on 15 November 2019 in New York City as a result of a heart attack.", "Q622065": "Alexandria (\"Lexie\") Karlsen (born October 26, 1978) is a US model, actress and author.", "Q12767326": "I Am... World Tour is the fourth live and the fifth video album by American singer Beyonc\u00e9. It was released on November 26, 2010 through Parkwood Entertainment, Music World Entertainment and Columbia Records. Beyonc\u00e9 produced, directed and edited the concert film for her own production company Parkwood Pictures. It was filmed in the presence of more than a million fans during her worldwide I Am... World Tour, running from March 2009 through February 2010, in support of her third studio album, I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008). The DVD on the album is a combination of performances from the tour, including guest appearances from Jay-Z and Kanye West, as well as backstage moments. Beyonc\u00e9 explained that the idea of filming her worldwide performances came when she realized that she was feeling lonely. She edited the film for nine months and it serves as her directorial debut.\nI Am... World Tour was released in three separate editions \u2013 standard, deluxe and Blu-ray. In the United States, the standard edition was made available exclusively at Walmart on November 26, 2010. The deluxe edition was released in several countries around the world on the same date. The Blu-ray edition was released from December 3, 2010 in a list of selected countries only. Beyonc\u00e9 promoted the album by appearing on several shows, including ABC's Nightline and by holding a screening of the film in New York City, in presence of several fans and artists on November 21, 2010. Prior to the release, numerous trailers were posted on Beyonc\u00e9's official website. I Am... World Tour premiered exclusively on ABC on November 25, 2010 as a ninety-minute Thanksgiving special.\nUpon the release of I Am... World Tour, it received mixed to positive reviews from music critics who generally praised the high-energy performances of the songs as well as Beyonc\u00e9's vocals. I Am... World Tour debuted at number one on the US Top Music Videos, giving Beyonc\u00e9 her second consecutive and third non-consecutive number-one DVD in the United States. It was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The album was also successful worldwide, peaking within the top ten on the DVD charts in every country after its release. It became the best-selling video album worldwide of 2010 and seventh of 2011. I Am... World Tour was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards (2012).", "Q240371": "Carmen Mercedes McRae (April 8, 1922 \u2013 November 10, 1994) was an American jazz singer. She is considered one of the most influential jazz vocalists of the 20th century and is remembered for her behind-the-beat phrasing and ironic interpretation of lyrics. McRae was inspired by Billie Holiday, but she established her own voice. She recorded over sixty albums and performed worldwide.", "Q113949": "Gary Stevenson (born 30 November 1957), better known as Gary Lewis, is a Scottish actor. He has had roles in films such as Billy Elliot, Joyeux No\u00ebl, Gangs of New York, Eragon, and Three and Out, as well as major roles in the television docudrama Supervolcano and the Starz series Outlander.", "Q173065": "The Kingdom of Naples (Latin: Regnum Neapolitanum; Catalan: Regne de N\u00e0pols; Spanish: Reino de N\u00e1poles; French: Royaume de Naples; Italian: Regno di Napoli; Neapolitan: Regno 'e Napule), officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily, comprised that part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816. It was established by the War of the Sicilian Vespers (1282\u20131302), when the island of Sicily revolted and was conquered by the Crown of Aragon, becoming a separate kingdom also called the Kingdom of Sicily. For much of its existence, the realm was contested between French and Spanish dynasties. In 1816, it reunified with the island of Sicily to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.", "Q66486": "Johannes (Josef) Pfefferkorn (1469\u20131523) was a German Catholic theologian and writer who converted from Judaism. Pfefferkorn actively preached against the Jews and attempted to destroy copies of the Talmud, and engaged in a long running pamphleteering battle with humanist Johann Reuchlin.", "Q49465": "Georges Feydeau (French: [\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 f\u025b.do]; 8 December 1862 \u2013 5 June 1921) was a French playwright of the era known as the Belle \u00c9poque. He is remembered for his many lively farces. He wrote over sixty plays and was a forerunner of vaudeville.", "Q560588": "Blas Infante P\u00e9rez de Vargas (Casares, Spain; 5 July 1885 \u2013 Seville, Spain; 11 August 1936) was a Spanish Andalucista politician, Georgist, writer, historian and musicologist, known as the father of Andalusian nationalism (Padre de la Patria Andaluza).Infante was a Georgist idealist who initiated an assembly at Ronda in 1913. This assembly adopted a charter based on the autonomist Constituci\u00f3n Federal de Antequera written in 1883 during the First Spanish Republic. It also embraced the current flag and emblem as \"national symbols\", designed by Infante himself based on various historic Andalusian standards. During the Second Spanish Republic, the Andalucismo was represented by the Junta Liberalista, a federalist political party led by Infante.\nInfante was among numerous political figures who were summarily executed by Franco's forces when they took over Seville at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. As both a regional autonomist and a kind of libertarian socialist, he twice \"merited\" inclusion on their liquidation list.\nHis last residence in Coria del R\u00edo now hosts the Museum of Andalusian Autonomy.", "Q76695": "Wilhelm Ludwig Geiger (; German: [\u02c8\u0261a\u026a\u0261\u0250]; 21 July 1856 \u2013 2 September 1943) was a German Orientalist in the fields of Indo-Iranian languages and the history of Iran and Sri Lanka. He was known as a specialist in Pali, Sinhala language and the Dhivehi language of the Maldives. He is especially known for his work on the Sri Lankan chronicles Mah\u0101va\u1e43sa and C\u016blava\u1e43sa of which he made critical editions of the Pali text and English translations with the help of assistant translators.", "Q547137": "Latin pop (Spanish and Portuguese: Pop latino) is a pop music genre that contains sounds or influence from Latin America, but it may also refer to pop music from anywhere in the Spanish-speaking world. Latin pop usually combines upbeat Latin music with American pop music. Latin pop is commonly associated with Spanish-language pop, rock, and dance music.", "Q633168": "Archibald Gracie IV (January 15, 1858 \u2013 December 4, 1912) was an American writer, soldier, amateur historian, real estate investor, and survivor of the sinking of RMS Titanic. He survived the sinking by climbing aboard an overturned collapsible lifeboat and wrote a popular book about the disaster, which is still in print today. He never recovered from his ordeal and died less than eight months after the sinking, becoming the first adult survivor to die.", "Q885833": "Blue Note Records is an American jazz record label owned by Universal Music Group and operated under Capitol Music Group. Established in 1939 by Alfred Lion and Max Margulis, it derived its name from the blue notes of jazz and the blues. Originally dedicated to recording traditional jazz and small group swing, the label switched its attention to modern jazz around 1947.", "Q197491": "The Wolverine is a 2013 superhero film featuring the Marvel Comics character Wolverine. Distributed by 20th Century Fox, it is the sixth installment in the X-Men film series, the second installment in the trilogy of Wolverine films, a standalone sequel to X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009) and a direct sequel to X-Men: The Last Stand (2006). Directed by James Mangold, from a screenplay written by Scott Frank and Mark Bomback, based on the 1982 limited series Wolverine by Chris Claremont and Frank Miller, it stars Hugh Jackman as Logan / Wolverine, alongside Rila Fukushima, Hiroyuki Sanada, Famke Janssen, and Will Yun Lee. Following the events of X-Men: The Last Stand, Logan travels to Japan, where he engages an old acquaintance in a struggle that has lasting consequences. Stripped of his healing powers, Wolverine must battle deadly samurai while struggling with guilt over Jean Grey's death.\nThe film's development began in 2009 after the release of X-Men Origins: Wolverine. Christopher McQuarrie was hired to write a screenplay for The Wolverine in August 2009. In October 2010, Darren Aronofsky was hired to direct the film. The project was delayed following Aronofsky's departure and the T\u014dhoku earthquake and tsunami in March 2011. In June 2011, Mangold was brought on board to replace Aronofsky. Bomback was then hired to rewrite the screenplay in September 2011. The supporting characters were cast in July 2012 with principal photography beginning at the end of the month around New South Wales before moving to Tokyo in August 2012 and back to New South Wales in October 2012. The film was converted to 3D in post-production.\nThe Wolverine was released on July 24, 2013, in various international markets and on July 26, 2013, in the United States. It received generally positive reviews from critics, with praise for its action sequences, performances (especially Jackman's) and thematic profundity, though some criticism was directed at the predictable story and climax. The film earned $414 million worldwide, making it the fifth-highest-grossing film in the series. A third film titled Logan was released on March 3, 2017.", "Q980": "Bavaria (; German and Bavarian: Bayern [\u02c8ba\u026a\u0250n]), officially the Free State of Bavaria (German and Bavarian: Freistaat Bayern [\u02c8f\u0281a\u026a\u0283ta\u02d0t \u02c8ba\u026a\u0250n]), is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres (27,239.58 sq mi) Bavaria is the largest German state by land area comprising roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With 13 million inhabitants, it is Germany's second-most-populous state after North Rhine-Westphalia. Bavaria's main cities are Munich (its capital and largest city and also the third largest city in Germany), Nuremberg, and Augsburg.\nThe history of Bavaria includes its earliest settlement by Iron Age Celtic tribes, followed by the conquests of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC, when the territory was incorporated into the provinces of Raetia and Noricum. It became a stem duchy in the 6th century AD following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. It was later incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire, became an independent kingdom, joined the Prussian-led German Empire in 1871 while retaining its title of kingdom, and finally became a state of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949.The Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555. In the 17th century AD, the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria reorganized itself on democratic lines after the Second World War.\nBavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's large Catholic plurality and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes a language, cuisine, architecture, festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.Modern Bavaria also includes parts of the historical regions of Franconia and Swabia.", "Q177203": "La Boum (English title: The Party or Ready for Love) is a 1980 French comedy film directed by Claude Pinoteau and starring Sophie Marceau, appearing in her film d\u00e9but. Written by Dani\u00e8le Thompson and Claude Pinoteau, the film is about a thirteen-year-old French girl finding her way at a new high school and coping with domestic problems. The film was an international box-office hit, earning 4,378,500 admissions in France. The music was written by Vladimir Cosma, with Richard Sanderson singing the song \"Reality\". A sequel movie, La Boum 2, was released in 1982.\n\n", "Q13019": "Raymond Schwartz (April 8, 1894 \u2013 May 14, 1973), was a French banker and Esperanto author who wrote many poems and novels in Esperanto, as well as skits which he directed for Parisian Esperanto cabarets.", "Q984287": "G\u00e9rard Mestrallet (born 1 April 1949 in) is a French manager who served as chairman of the board of directors of Engie and as CEO from 2008 to 2016. He is also the chairman of Suez.", "Q6527": "Jean-Jacques Rousseau (UK: , US: ; French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303\u0292ak \u0281uso]; 28 June 1712 \u2013 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic and educational thought.\nHis Discourse on Inequality and The Social Contract are cornerstones in modern political and social thought. Rousseau's sentimental novel Julie, or the New Heloise (1761) was important to the development of preromanticism and romanticism in fiction. His Emile, or On Education (1762) is an educational treatise on the place of the individual in society. Rousseau's autobiographical writings\u2014the posthumously published Confessions (composed in 1769), which initiated the modern autobiography, and the unfinished Reveries of a Solitary Walker (composed 1776\u20131778)\u2014exemplified the late-18th-century \"Age of Sensibility\", and featured an increased focus on subjectivity and introspection that later characterized modern writing.\nRousseau befriended fellow philosophy writer Denis Diderot in 1742, and would later write about Diderot's romantic troubles in his Confessions. During the period of the French Revolution, Rousseau was the most popular of the philosophers among members of the Jacobin Club. He was interred as a national hero in the Panth\u00e9on in Paris, in 1794, 16 years after his death.", "Q178130": "Charles Thone (January 4, 1924 \u2013 March 7, 2018) was an American Republican politician. He was the 34th Governor of Nebraska, serving from 1979 to 1983. He previously served as a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Nebraska's 1st congressional district, from 1971 to 1979.", "Q121045": "Norbert Weisser (born July 9, 1946) is a German actor, playwright, theatre director, and producer.Based in Venice, California, he is a founding member of Odyssey Theater Ensemble, the ProVisional Theater, and the Padua Playwrights Festival. A long-time collaborator of Murray Mednick, he originated the role of the Trickester in the playwright's epic seven-hour Coyote Cycle, and has starred in numerous American and European theatrical productions, including opposite Ed Harris in Ronald Harwood's Taking Sides and John O'Keefe's Times Like These, where he received an Ovation Award, an LA Weekly Theater Award and an L.A. Drama Critics Circle Award nomination for his performance. He has also directed plays at the Magic Theatre in San Francisco and at the Mark Taper Forum.Besides his extensive stage work, Weisser is also a prolific film and television actor, with over 90 credits to his name. Chiefly a character actor, he has starred in well-known and acclaimed films including Midnight Express, The Thing, Chaplin, Schindler's List, and Pollock, and numerous titles directed by Albert Pyun. He had a memorable guest role in Madrigal, a fifth season episode of Breaking Bad, and had provided voice-over and motion capture to a number of video games such as Medal of Honor: Allied Assault and Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus.", "Q89127": "Richard \"M\u00f6rtel\" Lugner (born 11 October 1932) is an Austrian entrepreneur in the construction industry, a Viennese society figure, and a former political candidate not affiliated with any of the Austrian political parties.", "Q86214": "Matija Majar, also spelled Majer (7 February 1809 \u2013 31 July 1892), pseudonym Ziljski, was a Carinthian Slovene Roman Catholic priest and political activist, best known as the creator of the idea of a United Slovenia.", "Q927538": "Kyoto Jazz Massive is a Japanese musical project specialising in crossover jazz and electronic styles, consisting of the two brothers Shuya and Yoshihiro Okino. The group has also included Hajime Yoshizawa, the pianist producer, on a number of works and albums. Although the brothers DJed in the late 1980s and were remixing and composing as far back as the early 1990s, they were largely popularised by the British Radio 1 DJ Gilles Peterson in around 2001. The band is signed to Compost Records.\nThe group has held a number of events and shows in and around Japan, and have worked with countless artists through remixing tunes or production of their own tracks, and have worked with several labels. They include (but are not limited to) Bebel Gilberto, Monday Michiru, DJ Krush, Especial Records, Far Out Records, Yellow Productions.", "Q1793865": "Kurt Alfred Georg Mendelssohn FRS (7 January 1906 \u2013 18 September 1980) was a German-born British medical physicist, elected a Fellow of the Royal Society 1951.He was a great-great-grandson of Saul Mendelssohn, the younger brother of philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. He received a doctorate in physics from the University of Berlin, having studied under Max Planck, Walther Nernst, Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger, and Albert Einstein. Leaving Germany at the advent of the Nazi regime in 1933, he went to England. He worked at the University of Oxford from 1933. He was Reader in Physics there, 1955\u20131973, Emeritus Reader, 1973; Emeritus Professorial Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford, 1973 (Professorial Fellow, 1971\u20131973).\nHis scientific work included low temperature physics, transuranic elements, and medical physics.\nHe was awarded the Royal Society's Hughes Medal in 1967 and the Simon Memorial Prize in 1968.\nIn 1974, he published The Riddle of the Pyramids, in which he sought to explain the whys and wherefores of the earliest Egyptian pyramids. Though Mendelssohn himself was not an Egyptologist, the book builds on advice from experts like Sir Robert Mond and Walter Emery, as well as his own visits to Egypt and Mexico. His principal thesis was that the pyramid at Meidum had collapsed during construction, a conclusion he arrived at using his knowledge of physics and which was sparked in 1966 by images of the Aberfan disaster, where Mendelssohn saw similarities to the rubble mound surrounding the Meidum pyramid, a primary destination for his travel to Egypt the year before. Working from that conclusion, he further elaborated a theory that pyramid construction in Egypt took on a life of its own during the Third and Fourth Dynasties, more or less independently of the reigns of pharaohs. His theory has not been taken up by the Egyptological community, but the book remains a stimulating and detailed study of the Egyptian pyramids.\n\n", "Q610969": "Ant\u00f3nio Joaquim Granjo (27 December 1881 \u2013 19 October 1921; Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0250\u0303\u02c8t\u0254niu \u02c8\u0261\u027e\u0250\u0303\u0292u]) was a Portuguese lawyer and politician.\nGranjo was born in Chaves.Already a committed republican from his youth, well before the 1910 overthrow of the monarchy, he became a member of the National Constituent Assembly, elected on 28 May 1911. He gave up his constituency in order to join the army; during Portuguese participation in World War I, he saw combat himself, and upon returning home he wrote a book about his battle experiences.\nAfter President Sid\u00f3nio Pais was shot dead, Granjo took action against the Monarchy of the North, an attempt to restore a royalist regime in the north of Portugal, in 1919. He was President of the Municipal Chamber of Chaves, from February to July 1919. That same year he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, by the Evolutionist Party, later being a founder of its successor movement, the Republican Liberal Party. Minister of Justice during Domingos Pereira's coalition government, he served two brief terms as Prime Minister, the first time, from 19 July to 20 November 1920, in a liberal government. Afterwards he was nominated Prime Minister again, to take the place of another liberal, Tom\u00e9 de Barros Queir\u00f3s, on 30 August 1921.\nDuring the infamous \"Noite Sangrenta\" in Lisbon, on 19 October 1921, Granjo was assassinated. The political affiliation of his murderers is still a matter of dispute. That same night, two other prominent republicans of moderately right-wing sympathies, Machado Santos (widely known as the founder of the republic) and Carlos da Maia, also lost their lives.", "Q171672": "Jorge Edwards Vald\u00e9s (born June 29, 1931) is a Chilean novelist, journalist and diplomat. He was the Chilean ambassador to France during the first Pi\u00f1era presidency.", "Q938418": "This is a complete list of the 164 shorts in the Tom and Jerry series produced, directed, and released between 1940 and 2014. Of these, 162 are theatrical shorts, one is a made-for-TV short, and one is a 2-minute sketch shown as part of a telethon.", "Q1396532": "Fareed Haque is an American jazz guitarist.", "Q522988": "Alan Victor White (born 26 May 1972) is an English rock drummer, best known as being the drummer of the English rock band Oasis from 1995 to 2004. Before Oasis, he was the drummer of Starclub from 1991 to 1994. He is the longest serving drummer in Oasis's history, performing on four studio albums and one song on Dont Believe The Truth, two compilation albums and one live album during his tenure. He joined the band in May 1995 after the band's original drummer Tony McCarroll was removed from the band. He was recommended to Noel Gallagher by Gallagher's friend Paul Weller. Notably, Alan's brother Steve has been longtime drummer for Weller. White left Oasis in early 2004 in somewhat unclear circumstances. He was replaced by Zak Starkey, drummer of the Who and son of the Beatles' drummer Ringo Starr.", "Q2082722": "Martin Mystery (Italian and French: Martin Myst\u00e8re) is a French-Italian-Canadian animated television series based on the Italian comic book Martin Myst\u00e8re by Alfredo Castelli. The show was produced by Marathon Media Group (French television production company based in Paris), Rai Fiction (Italian production company), and Image Entertainment Corporation (a Canadian production and animation company based in Montreal). It uses an art style similar to Japanese anime.", "Q715150": "Bernard D.H. Tellegen (24 June 1900 \u2013 30 August 1990) was a Dutch electrical engineer and inventor of the pentode and the gyrator. He is also known for a theorem in circuit theory, Tellegen's theorem.\nHe obtained a master's degree in electrical engineering from Delft University in 1923, and joined the Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium (Philips Physics Laboratory) in Eindhoven. In 1926, he (and Gilles Holst) invented the pentode vacuum tube. The gyrator was invented by him around 1948. The gyrator is useful to simulate the effect of an inductor without using a coil. For example, it is used in hi-fi graphic equalizers. He held 41 US patents.\nIn the period 1946\u20131966, Tellegen was an adjunct professor of circuit theory at the University of Delft. From 1942 to 1952, he was president and honorary member of the Netherlands Electronics and Radio Society.\nThe Australian Institute of Radio Engineers appointed Tellegen an honorary life member in 1953. He was Fellow of the IEEE, and he won the IEEE Edison Medal in 1973 \"For a creative career of significant achievement in electrical circuit theory, including the gyrator\". Tellegen was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences in 1960. In 1970, the University of Delft conferred him a doctor honoris causa degree.\n\n", "Q14945": "Merseburg ([\u02c8m\u025b\u0250z\u0259b\u028ark]) is a town in the south of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt on the river Saale, approx. 14 km south of Halle (Saale) and 30 km west of Leipzig. It is the capital of the Saalekreis district. It had a diocese founded by Archbishop Adalbert of Magdeburg.\nThe University of Merseburg is located within the town. Merseburg has around 33,000 inhabitants. Merseburg is part of the Central German Metropolitan Region.", "Q6668457": "Lojinx is a British independent record label and music publishing company established in 2004 in South London, UK. It was voted as one of the top ten \"Best Record Labels of 2010\". Based in London, Lojinx markets and distributes physical and digital music products globally via The Orchard.", "Q4347990": "J\u0101nis Peive (3 August (Old Style 21 July) 1906 \u2013 12 October 1976) was a Latvian communist politician. He was born in the Russian Empire. He died in Moscow. He was a member of the Communist Party of Latvia.", "Q170587": "Tommy Lee Jones (born September 15, 1946) is an American actor, director, producer and screenwriter. He has received four Academy Award nominations, winning Best Supporting Actor for his performance as U.S. Marshal Samuel Gerard in the 1993 thriller film The Fugitive.\nHis other notable starring roles include Texas Ranger Woodrow F. Call in the TV miniseries Lonesome Dove, Agent K in the Men in Black film series, Sheriff Ed Tom Bell in No Country for Old Men, the villain Two-Face in Batman Forever, terrorist William \"Bill\" Strannix in Under Siege, Texas Ranger Roland Sharp in Man of the House, rancher Pete Perkins in The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada, which he also directed, Colonel Chester Phillips in Captain America: The First Avenger, CIA Director Robert Dewey in Jason Bourne, and Warden Dwight McClusky in Natural Born Killers.\nJones has also portrayed real-life figures such as businessman Howard Hughes in The Amazing Howard Hughes, Radical Republican Congressman Thaddeus Stevens in Lincoln, executed murderer Gary Gilmore in The Executioner's Song, U.S. Army General Douglas MacArthur in Emperor, businessman Clay Shaw, the only person prosecuted in connection with the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in JFK, Oliver Lynn, husband of Loretta Lynn, in Coal Miner's Daughter, and baseball player Ty Cobb in Cobb.", "Q685557": "TU Dortmund University (German: Technische Universit\u00e4t Dortmund) is a technical university in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany with over 35,000 students, and over 6,000 staff including 300 professors, offering around 80 Bachelor's and Master's degree programs. It is situated in the Ruhr area, the fourth largest urban area in Europe. The university is highly ranked in terms of its research performance in the areas of physics, electrical engineering, chemistry and economics.", "Q713521": "Michael James Ness (born April 3, 1962) is an American musician and producer who is the lead guitarist, vocalist and songwriter for the punk rock band Social Distortion, which was formed in 1978.\n\n", "Q5676339": "The Harvard Crimson football program represents Harvard University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (formerly Division I-AA). Harvard's football program is one of the oldest in the world, having begun competing in the sport in 1873. The Crimson has a legacy that includes 13 national championships and 20 College Football Hall of Fame inductees, including the first African-American college football player William H. Lewis, Huntington \"Tack\" Hardwick, Barry Wood, Percy Haughton, and Eddie Mahan. Harvard is the eighth winningest team in NCAA Division I football history.", "Q128934": "Duplex is a 2003 American black comedy film directed and narrated by Danny DeVito, and starring Ben Stiller and Drew Barrymore. The film was called Our House for its release in the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "Q144622": "Philip David Charles Collins (born 30 January 1951) is an English drummer, singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and actor, best known as the drummer/singer of the rock band Genesis and for his solo career. Between 1982 and 1989, Collins scored three UK and seven US number-one singles in his solo career. When his work with Genesis, his work with other artists, as well as his solo career is totalled, he had more US Top 40 singles than any other artist during the 1980s. His most successful singles from the period include \"In the Air Tonight\", \"Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)\", \"One More Night\", \"Sussudio\", \"Two Hearts\" and \"Another Day in Paradise\".\nBorn and raised in west London, Collins played drums from the age of five and completed drama school training, which secured him various roles as a child actor. He then pursued a music career, joining Genesis in 1970 as their drummer and becoming lead singer in 1975 following the departure of Peter Gabriel. Collins began a solo career in the 1980s, initially inspired by his marital breakdown and love of soul music, releasing a series of successful albums, including Face Value (1981), No Jacket Required (1985), and ...But Seriously (1989). Collins became \"one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond\". He also became known for a distinctive gated reverb drum sound on many of his recordings. In 1996, Collins left Genesis to focus on solo work; this included writing songs for Disney\u2019s Tarzan (1999) for which he received an Oscar for Best Original Song for \u201cYou'll Be in My Heart\u201d. He rejoined Genesis for their Turn It On Again Tour in 2007. Following a five-year retirement to focus on his family life, Collins released an autobiography in 2016 and completed his Not Dead Yet Tour in 2019.\nCollins's discography includes eight studio albums that have sold 33.5 million certified units in the US and an estimated 150 million worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling artists. He is one of only three recording artists, along with Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson, who have sold over 100 million records worldwide both as solo artists and separately as principal members of a band. He has received eight Grammy Awards, six Brit Awards (winning Best British Male Artist three times), two Golden Globe Awards, one Academy Award, and a Disney Legend Award. He was awarded six Ivor Novello Awards from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors, including the International Achievement Award. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1999, and was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Genesis in 2010. He has also been recognised by music publications with induction into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2012, and the Classic Drummer Hall of Fame in 2013.\n\n", "Q123861": "Johann Jakob Bachofen (22 December 1815 \u2013 25 November 1887) was a Swiss antiquarian, jurist, philologist, anthropologist, and professor for Roman law at the University of Basel from 1841 to 1845.\nBachofen is most often connected with his theories surrounding prehistoric matriarchy, or Das Mutterrecht, the title of his seminal 1861 book Mother Right: an investigation of the religious and juridical character of matriarchy in the Ancient World. Bachofen assembled documentation demonstrating that motherhood is the source of human society, religion, morality, and decorum. He postulated an archaic \"mother-right\" within the context of a primeval Matriarchal religion or Urreligion.\nBachofen became an important precursor of 20th-century theories of matriarchy, such as the Old European culture postulated by Marija Gimbutas from the 1950s, and the field of feminist theology and \"matriarchal studies\" in 1970s feminism.", "Q4776762": "Antonio Manuel P\u00e9rez \u00c1lvarez (born 1947) is a businessman from Spain, former CEO of Eastman Kodak Company, based in Rochester, New York, in the United States.", "Q61302": "The city of Chihuahua (Spanish pronunciation: [t\u0283i\u02c8wawa]) is the state capital of the Mexican state of Chihuahua. As of 2017, the city of Chihuahua had a population of 878,062 inhabitants. while the metropolitan area had a population of 1,036,806 inhabitants.Among cities in Mexico, the city of Chihuahua is highly ranked in human and social development. According to the UNCP report on human development, Chihuahua municipality's HDI is 0.840 as of 2015 \u2013 this is equal or higher than some Western European countries, together the literacy rate in the city is among the highest in the country at 99%. Another report about competitiveness from the CIDE organization ranks Chihuahua as the second most competitive city in the country just behind Monterrey and ahead of Mexico City. This report also ranks Chihuahua as the most Socially Competitive city in the country.The predominant activity is industry, including domestic heavy, light industries, consumer goods production, and to a smaller extent maquiladoras. The city is served by the General Roberto Fierro Villalobos International Airport.", "Q27357": "Francisco de Paula Mart\u00ednez de la Rosa y Cornejo (March 10, 1787 \u2013 February 7, 1862) was a Spanish statesman and dramatist and the first prime minister of Spain to receive the title of President of the Council of Ministers.", "Q105118": "Sidney Sheldon (February 11, 1917 \u2013 January 30, 2007) was an American writer and producer.\nSheldon was prominent in the 1930s, first working on Broadway plays and then in motion pictures, notably writing the successful comedy The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer (1947) which earned him an Oscar in 1948. He went on to work in television, where his works spanned a 20-year period during which he created The Patty Duke Show (1963\u201366), I Dream of Jeannie (1965\u201370) and Hart to Hart (1979\u201384). After turning 50, he began writing best-selling romantic suspense novels, such as Master of the Game (1982), The Other Side of Midnight (1973) and Rage of Angels (1980). His 18 novels have sold over 300 million copies in 51 languages. Sheldon is consistently cited as one of the top ten best selling fiction writers of all time.", "Q584197": "Joaqu\u00edn V\u00edctor Gonz\u00e1lez (March 6, 1863 \u2013 December 21, 1923) was an Argentine educator, political scientist, writer, magistrate, and politician.\n\n", "Q237112": "Linda Maria Baros (born 6 August 1981 in Bucharest) is a French-language poet, translator and literary critic, one of the most powerful new voices on today's poetry scene (the famous French literary award Prix Guillaume Apollinaire \u2013 2007 and The Poetical Calling Prize \u2013 2004).\nShe lives in Paris, France.Member of the Acad\u00e9mie Mallarm\u00e9 since 2013.Her poems have been published in 25 countries.", "Q474264": "Amos Kendall (August 16, 1789 \u2013 November 12, 1869) was an American lawyer, journalist and politician. He rose to prominence as editor-in-chief of the Argus of Western America, an influential newspaper in Frankfort, the capital of the U.S. state of Kentucky. He used his newspaper, writing skills, and extensive political contacts to build the Democratic Party into a national political power. An ardent supporter of Andrew Jackson, he served as United States Postmaster General during the Jackson and Martin Van Buren administrations. He was one of the most influential members of Jackson's \"Kitchen Cabinet\", an unofficial group of Jackson's top appointees and advisors who set administration policy. Returning to private life, Kendall wrote one of the first biographies of Jackson, which was published in 1843. He invested heavily in Samuel Morse's new invention, the telegraph. He became one of the most important figures in the transformation of the American news media in the 19th century.", "Q363231": "Georges-Henri Denys Arcand (French: [d\u0259ni a\u0281k\u0251\u0303]; born June 25, 1941) is a French Canadian film director, screenwriter and producer. His film The Barbarian Invasions won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film in 2004. His films have also been nominated three further times, including two nominations in the same category for The Decline of the American Empire in 1986 and Jesus of Montreal in 1989, becoming the only French-Canadian director in history whose films have received this number of nominations and, subsequently, to have a film win the award. Also for The Barbarian Invasions, he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay, losing to Sofia Coppola for Lost in Translation.During his four decades career, he became the most globally recognized director from Quebec, winning many awards from the Cannes Film Festival, including the Best Screenplay Award, the Jury Prize, and many other prestigious awards worldwide. He won three C\u00e9sar Awards in 2004 for The Barbarian Invasions: Best Director, Best Original Screenplay and Best Film, being the only Canadian director to have accomplished this.\nArcand has directed three Canadian films that have received an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Film and three films in the Toronto International Film Festival's 2004 list of the top 10 Canadian films of all time.", "Q462406": "Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story is a 1993 American biographical drama film written and directed by Rob Cohen, and starring Jason Scott Lee, Lauren Holly and Robert Wagner. The film was released in the United States on May 7, 1993. It received positive reviews and was a commercial success.\nThe film tells the story of actor and martial artist Bruce Lee. Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story was dedicated to Brandon Lee, who died five weeks earlier while performing in his last film, The Crow.", "Q83387": "Diyarbak\u0131r (/di\u02c8ja\u027ebak\u026f\u027e/; Kurdish: Amed\u200e; Armenian: \u0534\u056b\u0561\u0580\u0562\u0565\u0584\u056b\u0580: Syriac: \u0710\u0721\u071d\u0715\u0710\u200e, romanized: \u0100m\u012bd\u0101) is one of the largest cities in southeastern Turkey and it is often considered the unofficial capital of Northern Kurdistan. Situated on the banks of the Tigris River, it is the administrative capital of the Diyarbak\u0131r Province. It is the third-largest city in Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Region, after \u015eanl\u0131urfa and Gaziantep.\nIt has been a focal point of the conflict between the Turkish state and various Kurdish insurgent groups.", "Q259813": "Paper Man (also known as Unlikely Hero) is a 2009 independent comedy-drama film written and directed by Kieran and Michele Mulroney. The film stars Jeff Daniels as a struggling writer who relies on a childhood imaginary friend to help him with life decisions, Emma Stone as a 17-year-old high school student who befriends him, and Ryan Reynolds as the made up Captain Excellent.\n\n", "Q538708": "Esther Tusquets (30 August 1936 \u2013 23 July 2012) was a Spanish publisher, novelist and essayist.", "Q58583": "Ernst Julius G\u00fcnther R\u00f6hm (German: [\u02c8\u025b\u0250\u032fnst \u02c8\u0281\u00f8\u02d0m]; 28 November 1887 \u2013 1 July 1934) was a German military officer and an early member of the Nazi Party. As one of the members of its predecessor, the German Workers' Party, he was a close friend and early ally of Adolf Hitler and a co-founder of the Sturmabteilung (SA, \"Storm Battalion\"), the Nazi Party's militia, and later was its commander. By 1934, the German Army feared the SA's influence and Hitler had come to see R\u00f6hm as a potential rival, so he was executed during the Night of the Long Knives.", "Q434640": "Ant\u00f3nio dos Reis Rodrigues (24 June 1918 \u2013 3 February 2009) was a Portuguese Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.", "Q68440": "Rickenbach is a municipality in the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q373022": "Henry Cort (c. 1740 \u2013 23 May 1800) was an English ironmaster. During the Industrial Revolution in England, Cort began refining iron from pig iron to wrought iron (or bar iron) using innovative production systems. In 1784, he patented an improved version of the puddling process for refining cast iron although its commercial viability was only accomplished by innovations introduced by the Merthyr Tydfil ironmasters Crawshay and Homfray.", "Q172390": "Pope Martin I (Latin: Martinus I; between 590 and 600 \u2013 16 September 655), also known as Martin the Confessor, was the bishop of Rome from 21 July 649 to his death. He served as Pope Theodore I's ambassador to Constantinople and was elected to succeed him as pope. He was the only pope during the Eastern Roman domination of the papacy whose election was not approved by an imperial mandate from Constantinople. For his resolute opposition to Monothelitism, Pope Martin I was arrested by Emperor Constans II, carried off to Constantinople, and ultimately banished to Cherson. He is considered a saint and martyr by the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.", "Q103569": "Alien is a 1979 science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Dan O'Bannon. Based on a story by O'Bannon and Ronald Shusett, it follows the crew of the commercial space tug Nostromo, who encounter the eponymous Alien, a deadly and aggressive extraterrestrial set loose on the ship. The film stars Tom Skerritt, Sigourney Weaver, Veronica Cartwright, Harry Dean Stanton, John Hurt, Ian Holm, and Yaphet Kotto. It was produced by Gordon Carroll, David Giler, and Walter Hill through their company Brandywine Productions, and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Giler and Hill revised and made additions to the script; Shusett was executive producer. The Alien and its accompanying artifacts were designed by the Swiss artist H. R. Giger, while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the more human settings.\nAlien premiered May 25, 1979, in the United States, before receiving a wide release on June 22, and was released September 6 in the United Kingdom. It was met with critical acclaim and box-office success, winning the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, three Saturn Awards (Best Science Fiction Film, Best Direction for Scott, and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright), and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, along with numerous other nominations. It has been consistently praised in the years since its release, and is considered one of the greatest films of all time. In 2002, Alien was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. In 2008, it was ranked by the American Film Institute as the seventh-best film in the science-fiction genre, and as the 33rd-greatest film of all time by Empire.The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of films, novels, comic books, video games, and toys. It also launched Weaver's acting career, providing her with her first lead role. The story of her character's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic and narrative core of the sequels Aliens (1986), Alien 3 (1992), and Alien Resurrection (1997). A crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator films, which includes Alien vs. Predator (2004) and Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007). A prequel series includes Prometheus (2012) and Alien: Covenant (2017), both directed again by Scott.\n\n", "Q189122": "Hri Kumar Nair (born 16 June 1966) is a Singaporean lawyer and former politician. He is a Deputy Attorney-General of the Republic of Singapore. From 2006 to 2015, he was a Member of Parliament. Nair quit running for political office citing his wife\u2019s diagnosis of lymphoma in 2012.", "Q520621": "Oscar Jackson, Jr. (born October 29, 1967), better known by his stage name Paris, is an American rapper from San Francisco, California, known for his highly charged political and socially conscious lyrics. Influenced by the Black Panthers, he was once a member of the Nation of Islam.", "Q78135": "Hans Heinz Holz (26 February 1927 \u2013 11 December 2011) was a German Marxist philosopher.Born in Frankfurt am Main, he was professor of philosophy at the University of Marburg (from 1971 to 1979) and from 1979 to 1993 at the University of Groningen. He is known for his encyclopedic knowledge of the history of philosophy on one hand and for his openly expressed ideological viewpoints on the other. Influenced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's monadology, he regards Widerspiegelung (reflection) not only as an epistemological but also as an ontological category. Some critics spot here a hazard of deviating from materialism. Though Holz saw himself as in footsteps of Lenin, his vision is disputed among the leftist circles. He has contributed to far-left publications like Marxistische Bl\u00e4tter and Wei\u00dfenseer Bl\u00e4tter. He joined the German Communist Party in 1994.", "Q710996": "Gottfried Heinrich Bach (26 February 1724 \u2013 12 February 1763) was the firstborn son of Johann Sebastian Bach by his second wife Anna Magdalena Wilcke. He was born in Leipzig, where his parents had moved the year before his birth.\nGottfried Heinrich became \"feeble-minded\" (mildly mentally handicapped in some way) at an early age, but he played the keyboard well and C. P. E. Bach is quoted as saying that he showed \"a great genius, which however failed to develop\". He possibly composed: for instance the melody of the aria \"So oft ich meine Tobackspfeife\", BWV 515, contained in the second Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach, may be his.After his father's death in 1750 Gottfried Heinrich lived with his younger sister Elisabeth Juliane Friederica and her husband Johann Christoph Altnickol. Altnickol was a musician who lived and worked in Naumburg approximately 60 km (37 mi) southwest of Leipzig. After his brother-in-law's death in 1759 Gottfried Heinrich stayed on in Naumburg with his sister until his own death a few years later.", "Q8047425": "The Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science is the engineering school of Yale University. When the first professor of civil engineering was hired in 1852, a Yale School of Engineering was established within the Yale Scientific School, and in 1932 the engineering faculty organized as a separate, constituent school of the university. The school offers undergraduate and graduate classes and degrees in electrical engineering, chemical engineering, computer science, environmental engineering, biomedical engineering, and mechanical engineering and materials science.", "Q77206": "Janosch (born as Horst Eckert) (born March 11, 1931) is one of the best-known German-language children's book authors and illustrators. He was born in Hindenburg (now Zabrze, Poland) in Upper Silesia to a family of mixed German and Polish origin. He said in an interview that he is Silesian of nationality.After World War II, the family fled to West Germany. In the area of Oldenburg, Janosch worked in a textile mill. In 1953, he went to Munich, where he studied for some terms at the Academy of Arts, but broke off his studies eventually. Afterwards, he worked as a freelance artist. In 1960, his first book for children was published with George Lentz, a friend of his, who also persuaded him to take on the penname Janosch. Within the next 10 years, numerous books for children followed with different publishing houses.\nHe also published books for adults, in which he deals with his childhood experiences of growing up with an abusive father and a God-fearing mother, constantly recurring topics being friendship, family relationships, and the quest for the meaning of life.\nAmongst his most famous figures is the Tigerente that appears in Oh, wie sch\u00f6n ist Panama and the stories around the little tiger and the little bear.\nBy 1980, he had published over 100 books for children in nearly 30 languages. By then, he had left Germany, and now lives on the island of Tenerife in the Atlantic Ocean.", "Q238547": "Stefania Sandrelli (born 5 June 1946) is an Italian actress, famous for her many roles in the commedia all'Italiana, starting from the 1960s. She was 14 years old when she starred in Divorce Italian Style as Angela, the cousin and love interest of Ferdinando, played by Marcello Mastroianni.", "Q3157236": "John Ryan Kinney (March 29, 1909 \u2013 February 9, 1992) was an American animator, director and producer of animated shorts. Kinney is the older brother of fellow Disney animator Dick Kinney.", "Q220308": "Seth Aaron Rogen (; born April 15, 1982) is a Canadian actor, comedian, writer, producer, and director. He began his career performing stand-up comedy during his teenage years. While still living in his hometown Vancouver, he landed a supporting role in Judd Apatow's series Freaks and Geeks. Shortly after he moved to Los Angeles for his role, Freaks and Geeks was officially cancelled after one season due to low viewership. Rogen later got a part on sitcom Undeclared, which also hired him as a writer.\nAfter landing his job as a staff writer on the final season of Da Ali G Show, Apatow guided him toward a film career. As a staff writer, he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series. Rogen made his first movie appearance in Donnie Darko with a minor role in 2001. Rogen was cast in a supporting role and credited as a co-producer in Apatow's directorial debut, The 40-Year-Old Virgin. Universal Pictures subsequently cast him as the lead in Apatow's films Knocked Up and Funny People. Rogen co-starred as Steve Wozniak in Universal's Steve Jobs biopic in 2015. In 2016, he developed the AMC television series Preacher with his writing partner Evan Goldberg and Sam Catlin. He also serves as a writer, executive producer, and director, with Goldberg.\nRogen and Goldberg co-wrote the films Superbad, Pineapple Express, The Green Hornet, This Is the End, and directed both This Is the End and The Interview; all of which Rogen starred in. For his activity in The Disaster Artist, he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. He has also done voice work for the films Horton Hears a Who!, the Kung Fu Panda film series, The Spiderwick Chronicles, Monsters vs. Aliens, Paul, Sausage Party, and Pumbaa in the 2019 remake of The Lion King.", "Q180660": "Jimmy Swan (November 18, 1912 \u2013 1995), born James Eldon Swan, was an American country musician.", "Q731958": "John Charles Wiltshire-Butler (born 1 April 1975), professionally known as John Butler, is an American-born Australian singer, songwriter, and music producer. He is the front man for the John Butler Trio, a roots and jam band that formed in Fremantle, Western Australia, in 1998.\nThe John Butler Trio has recorded five studio albums including three that have reached number one on the Australian charts: Sunrise Over Sea, Grand National and April Uprising. His recordings and live performances have met with critical praise and have garnered awards from the Australian Performing Right Association and Australian Recording Industry Association.\nButler was born in the United States and moved to Australia at an early age. He began playing the guitar at the age of sixteen. In 2002, Butler, along with several partners, formed their own record label. He is also the co-founder of a grant program that seeks to improve artistic diversity in his home country, Australia, where he resides with his wife and children.\n\n", "Q50861": "Live Free or Die Hard (released as Die Hard 4.0 outside North America) is a 2007 American action thriller film and the fourth installment in the Die Hard film series. The film was directed by Len Wiseman and starred Bruce Willis as John McClane. The film's name was adapted from New Hampshire's state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". In the film, McClane attempts to stop cyber-terrorists who hack into government and commercial computers across the United States with the goal of starting a \"fire sale\" that would disable key elements of the nation's infrastructure. The film was based on the 1997 article \"A Farewell to Arms\" written for Wired magazine by John Carlin.\nLive Free or Die Hard was released in the United States on June 27, 2007. The film earned total international box office gross receipts of $383.4 million, making it the highest-grossing film in the Die Hard series. It received generally positive reviews from critics, who called the film a return to form for the Die Hard series. It is the only Die Hard film to be theatrically released with a PG-13 rating from the MPAA.", "Q239881": "Eva Elisabet Dahlbeck (8 March 1920 \u2013 8 February 2008) was a Swedish stage, film, and television actress. She received a Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film Brink of Life (1958). Dahlbeck retired from acting in 1970 and became an author.", "Q38511": "Turku ( TOOR-koo, Finnish: [\u02c8turku] (listen); Swedish: \u00c5bo [\u02c8\u01d2\u02d0b\u028a] (listen), Finland Swedish: [\u02c8o\u02d0bu] (listen)) is a city on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River, in the region of Finland Proper (Varsinais-Suomi). The region was originally called Suomi (Finland), which later became the name for the whole country. \nIt is unknown when Turku gained city rights. The Pope first mentioned the town Aboa in his Bulla in 1229 and the year is now used as the foundation year of the city.\nAs the oldest town in the country Turku was the most important city in Finland, a status it retained for hundreds of years throughout the centuries under the rule of the Kingdom of Sweden. After the war Finland became an autonomous grand duchy of the Russian Empire (1809) under the direct rule of the Czar and the capital of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland was moved to Helsinki (1812).\nIt was only after the last great fire in 1827 that most governmental institutions were moved to Helsinki along with the Academy of Turku (Turun Akatemia) founded in 1640, which then became the University of Helsinki.\nTurku continued to be the most populous city in Finland until the end of the 1840s, and it remains the regional capital and an important business and cultural center and port.\nBecause of its long history, it has been the site of many important events, and has extensively influenced Finnish history. The history of the country is closely linked to Turku, the former capital.\nAlong with Tallinn, the capital city of Estonia, Turku was designated the European Capital of Culture for 2011. In 1996, it was declared the official Christmas City of Finland.Due to its location, Turku is a notable commercial and passenger seaport with over three million passengers traveling through the Port of Turku each year to Stockholm and Mariehamn.As of 30 September 2018, the population of Turku was 191,499 making it the sixth largest city in Finland. There were 330,192 inhabitants living in the Turku sub-region, ranking it as the third largest urban area in Finland after the Greater Helsinki area and Tampere sub-region. The city is officially bilingual as 5.2 percent of its population identify Swedish as a mother-tongue.", "Q2598599": "Al Sapienza is an American actor, who has had numerous roles in television, stage and film productions. He is most well known for his role as Mikey Palmice on the HBO series The Sopranos as well as Marty Spinella, a lobbyist for the teachers' union in the Netflix series House of Cards. He played the role of Jake Housman in the North American premiere of the stage version of Dirty Dancing.", "Q65602": "Raperswilen is a municipality in Kreuzlingen District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q86599": "Martin Andreas Hainz (born March 5, 1974, in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian philologist, theorist and philosopher. He has taught at several universities in Europe and the United States, among them the universities of Vienna, Timi\u0219oara and Ia\u015fi. He is a member of the Northeastern Language Association (NEMLA). His main interests are contemporary German and especially Austrian philosophy and literature. He is a scholar of Wendelin Schmidt-Dengler.", "Q2435579": "Tina Wendy Stowell, Baroness Stowell of Beeston, (born 2 July 1967) is a British Conservative politician and member of the House of Lords.Baroness Stowell served as Leader of the House of Lords and Lord Privy Seal under David Cameron. She was succeeded by the Rt. Hon. Baroness Evans of Bowes Park on 14 July 2016.", "Q233412": "Anna Maria Francesca Perez de Tagle (born December 23, 1990) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Ashley Dewitt on Hannah Montana and Ella Pador on Camp Rock and Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam. She also played Miracle Ross on Cake and was in the 2009 film Fame, in which she starred as Joy Moy.\nShe also went on tour with the Jonas Brothers and Demi Lovato (Jonas Brothers Live in Concert).\nIn November 2011, she began starring on Broadway in the Godspell revival at the Circle in the Square theater in New York City.", "Q451972": "Giuditta Grisi (28 July 1805 \u2013 1 May 1840) was an Italian operatic mezzo-soprano, sister of soprano Giulia Grisi and cousin of ballerina Carlotta Grisi.\nShe was born and studied in Milan, and made her debut in Vienna, as Faliero in Bianca e Faliero, in 1826. She specialized in Rossini roles, which from 1827, she sang throughout Italy, also creating several roles in opera by composers such as Persiani, Coccia, Pacini, etc. Bellini wrote the role of Romeo in I Capuleti e i Montecchi for her in 1830.\nShe appeared in London, and at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre-Italien in Paris, singing Romeo, La straniera, La donna del lago, etc.\nSuperbly gifted, she suffered early from serious vocal problems, which necessitated considerable transposition and rewriting of the vocal line. She died prematurely aged only 34, at Lodi, Lombardy.", "Q9199": "Vietnamese (Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t) is an Austroasiatic language that originated in Vietnam, where it is the national and official language. Spoken natively by an estimated 76 million people (as of 2009), it is the native language of the Vietnamese (Kinh) people, as well as a first or second language for the many ethnic minorities of Vietnam. As a result of Vietnamese emigration and cultural influence, Vietnamese speakers are found throughout the world, notably in East and Southeast Asia, North America, Australia and Western Europe. Vietnamese has also been officially recognized as a minority language in the Czech Republic.\nVietnamese is the Austroasiatic language with by far the most speakers, several times as many as the rest of the family combined. Its vocabulary has borrowings from Chinese, and it formerly used a modified set of Chinese characters called Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, which were given vernacular pronunciation. The Vietnamese alphabet (ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef) in use today is a Latin alphabet with additional diacritics for tones and certain letters.", "Q3269406": "The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster is a satirical book written by Bobby Henderson that embodies the main beliefs of the parody religion of the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster or Pastafarianism. The Flying Spaghetti Monster (FSM) was created by Bobby Henderson in an open letter to the Kansas State Board of Education in which he parodied the concept of intelligent design. After Henderson posted the letter on his website, it became an internet phenomenon and was featured in many large newspapers, which caught the attention of book publishers. Released in March 2006 by Villard Books, The Gospel elaborates on Pastafarian beliefs and practices established in the open letter.\nThe Gospel includes a creation myth, set of eight \"I'd Really Rather You Didn'ts\", and guide to evangelizing, and discusses history and lifestyle from a Pastafarian perspective. Henderson uses satire to show flaws with creationism and prove the Flying Spaghetti Monster, offering an alternative to the intelligent design movement in the process. The book, which has sold more than 100,000 copies, was generally well received.\n\n", "Q156540": "Anniken Scharning Huitfeldt (born 29 November 1969) is a Norwegian historian and politician for the Labour Party. She served as Minister of Children and Equality from 2008-2009, Minister of Culture from 2009-2012 and Minister of Labour and Social Inclusion from 2012-2013.", "Q107069": "Christopher Eugene O'Donnell (born June 26, 1970) is an American actor and former model. He played Charlie Simms in Scent of a Woman, Chris Reece in School Ties, D'Artagnan in The Three Musketeers, Jack Foley in the drama film Circle of Friends, Dick Grayson/Robin in Batman Forever and Batman & Robin, Jason Brown in Robert Altman's Cookie's Fortune, Peter Garrett in Vertical Limit, and Wardell Pomeroy in Kinsey. O'Donnell currently stars as special Agent G. Callen on the CBS crime drama television series NCIS: Los Angeles, a spin-off of NCIS.", "Q254489": "Fortress 2: Re-Entry is a 2000 American-Luxembourgish science fiction action film directed by Geoff Murphy. It is the sequel to the 1992 film Fortress. In the film, the principal actor Christopher Lambert reprises his role as John Henry Brennick, still on the run from the MenTel Corporation. Lambert was the only original actor from Fortress.", "Q96952": "Carl Georg R\u00f6ver (12 February 1889 in Lemwerder \u2013 15 May 1942 in Berlin) was a German Nazi Party official. His main posts were as Gauleiter of Weser-Ems and Reichsstatthalter of Oldenburg/Bremen.\n\n", "Q178865": "Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u041c\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a, pronounced [m\u02b2\u026ax\u0250\u02c8il m\u0259\u026a\u02c8s\u02b2ej\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 b\u0250\u02c8tv\u02b2in\u02b2n\u02b2\u026ak]; August 17 [O.S. August 4] 1911 \u2013 May 5, 1995) was a Soviet and Russian chess grandmaster and World Chess Champion for most of 1948 to 1963. Working as an electrical engineer and computer scientist at the same time, he was one of the very few players who achieved distinction in another career while playing top-class competitive chess. He was also a pioneer of computer chess.\nBotvinnik was the first world-class player to develop within the Soviet Union, putting him under political pressure but also giving him considerable influence within Soviet chess. From time to time he was accused of using that influence to his own advantage, but the evidence is unclear and some suggest he resisted attempts by Soviet officials to intimidate some of his rivals.\nBotvinnik also played a major role in the organization of chess, making a significant contribution to the design of the World Chess Championship system after World War II and becoming a leading member of the coaching system that enabled the Soviet Union to dominate top-class chess during that time. His pupils include World Champions Anatoly Karpov, Garry Kasparov and Vladimir Kramnik.", "Q185718": "Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak KB (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u0301\u043a; 16 November [O.S. 4 November] 1874 \u2013 7 February 1920) was an Imperial Russian admiral, military leader and polar explorer who served in the Imperial Russian Navy and fought in the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War. During the Russian Civil War, he established an anti-communist government in Siberia\u2014later the Provisional All-Russian Government\u2014and was recognised as the \"Supreme Leader and Commander-in-Chief of All Russian Land and Sea Forces\" by the other leaders of the White movement from 1918 to 1920. His government was based in Omsk, in southwestern Siberia.\nFor nearly two years, Kolchak was Russia's internationally recognized head of state. However, his effort to unite the White Movement failed; Kolchak refused to consider autonomy for ethnic minorities and refused to cooperate with non-Bolshevik leftists, heavily relying on outside aid. This served only to boost the Reds morale, as it allowed them to label Kolchak as a \"Western Puppet\". As his White forces fell apart, he was betrayed and captured by the Czechoslovak Legion who handed him over to local Socialists-Revolutionaries, and he was soon after executed by the Bolsheviks in Irkutsk.\n\n", "Q274759": "\u00c9lodie Navarre (born 21 January 1979) is a French actress. Navarre was discovered at 16 when she was spotted on the Paris metro by a casting director and, a year later, appeared in the television film Clara et le Juge. She studied at the Conservatoire d\u2019art dramatique in the 10th arrondissement of Paris and, aged 20, began her professional career as an actor, appearing at the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de la Cri\u00e9e in Marseille. When she was 22, Navarre suffered multiple fractures after being hit by a car while on holiday in Greece, taking a year to recover. She has since appeared in theatre, film and television.", "Q1322068": "James Fearnley (born 9 October 1954, Worsley) is an English musician. He plays accordion in the folk/punk band The Pogues.", "Q534898": "Anthony Colin Gerald Andrews (born 12 January 1948) is an English actor best known for his role as Lord Sebastian Flyte in the 1981 ITV miniseries Brideshead Revisited (1981). He is also known for playing the lead roles in Ivanhoe, Operation Daybreak, Danger UXB and The Scarlet Pimpernel, and for portraying Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin in The King's Speech (2010). For his performance in Brideshead Revisited Andrews won Golden Globe and BAFTA TV Awards, and was nominated for an Emmy.", "Q1189327": "Derek Hough (; born May 17, 1985) is an American professional Latin and ballroom dancer, choreographer, actor and singer.Since September 2007, Hough has become known for his work on the ABC dance-competition series, Dancing with the Stars, on which he has won a record six seasons. With a total of nine nominations, he has won two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Choreography for several routines that he choreographed for the show. Hough has also starred in various stage productions, including the 2006 original production of Footloose: The Musical at the Novello Theatre in London's West End, as well as the 2015 New York Spring Spectacular at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. In 2013, he starred in Make Your Move, a Romeo and Juliet-inspired South Korean-American independent dance film. As of 2014, he has held a recurring acting role on ABC's musical-drama, Nashville.\nOn December 7, 2016, Hough played the role of Corny Collins in NBC's live musical TV-production, Hairspray Live!.In May 2017, Hough joined the judges table in NBC's new dance competition series World of Dance. He continued his role as a judge for the second and third seasons.", "Q1277055": "Robert Lee Green, Jr. (born July 2, 1970), better known by his stage name Spice 1, is an American rapper from Hayward, California. He began releasing albums in 1992 and was ranked number 56 in The Source magazine's Top 115 Hip-Hop Artists from 1988 to 2003.", "Q887765": "Robert Owen \"Bob\" Atcher (May 11, 1914 \u2013 October 31, 1993) was an American country musician.", "Q54646033": "BlackBoxTV Presents is an American horror anthology web series created by Tony E. Valenzuela and Philip DeFranco. The first season, which featured a cast of YouTube creators including DeFranco, iJustine and Shane Dawson, was self-funded by Valenzuela and debuted on the BlackBoxTV YouTube channel on August 17, 2010. \nIn 2012, Valenzuela collaborated with CSI creator Anthony E. Zuiker to relaunch the BlackBoxTV YouTube channel as part of the YouTube Original Channel Initiative. Season three, dubbed BlackBoxTV: Silverwood, premiered on the relaunched BlackBoxTV YouTube channel on April 13, 2012.The season 5 premiere episode, \"How to Quit YouTube\" starring Wilson Cleveland as a vlogger lost in the desert debuted on YouTube on March 19, 2014. The episode, which Tubefilter writer Sam Gutelle called, \"an extreme version of the occasionally overwhelming demands of online video fame,\" earned Streamy Award nominations for Cleveland for Best Actor and Valenzuela for Best Director in 2014. The season 5 episode \"Versions of Elloise\" was produced in collaboration with Legendary Entertainment as part of \u201cYouTube Space House of Horrors: A Legendary Halloween\u201d and selected as one of ten finalists by Guillermo del Toro.BlackBoxTV Presents has won Streamy Awards for Best Writing: Drama (2013), Best Drama Series (2015) and Best Immersive Series (2017) and won Best Editing at the 2012 IAWTV Awards.", "Q75405": "Friedrich Percyval Reck-Malleczewen (11 August 1884 \u2013 16 February 1945) was a German author. His best-known work is Diary of a Man in Despair, a journal in which he expressed his passionate opposition to Adolf Hitler and Nazism. He was eventually arrested by the Nazis and died allegedly of typhus at the Dachau concentration camp.", "Q1398286": "Robert Hjalmar Nobel ( noh-BEL, Swedish: [n\u028a\u02c8b\u025bl\u02d0]; August 4, 1829 \u2013 August 7, 1896) was the oldest son of Karolina Andrietta Ahlsell and her husband Immanuel Nobel. He was the brother of Ludvig and Alfred Nobel.\nHe was working for his brother Ludvig when he bought an interest in an oil refinery in Baku, Azerbaijan in 1876. He and his brother started Branobel, which was an important early oil company that controlled a significant amount of Russian output.", "Q695036": "Arnold Davydovich Margolin (Ukrainian: \u0410\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0491\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043d) (born: November 16 [O.S. November 4] 1877, Kiev \u2013 died October 29, 1956, Washington DC) \u2013 was a Ukrainian diplomat, lawyer, active participant in Ukrainian and Jewish community and political affairs; attorney who became world-famous as the defense counsel for Mendel Beilis in the notorious Jewish blood libel trial in Kiev from 1911 to 1913. Was a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of Ukraine, Undersecretary of State of Ukraine and a member of the Ukrainian delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference between 1918 and 1919.\n\n", "Q106363": "Daniela Dahn (9 October 1949 in Berlin) is a German writer, journalist and essayist. Since the reunification of Germany in 1990, Dahn has been an outspoken critic of the reunification process. Her highly personal style of writing, and her strident political opinions, have stirred controversy within Germany, but Dahn, who considered herself a dissident within East Germany before 1989, advocates for a critical journalism that continues the democratic tradition of challenging the government and policies of reunified Germany.\n\n", "Q223615": "Flavius Caper was a Latin grammarian who flourished during the 2nd century AD.Caper devoted special attention to the early Latin writers, and is highly spoken of by Priscian. Caper was the author of two works: De Lingua Latina and De Dubiis Generibus. These works in their original form are lost; but two short treatises entitled De Orthographia (by Agroecius) and De Verbis Dubiis have come down to us under his name, probably excerpts from the original works, with later additions by an unknown writer.See F. Osann, De Flavio Capro (1849), and review by W Christ in Philologus, xviii.165\u2013170 (1862), where several editions of other important grammarians are noticed; G. Keil, De Flavio Grammatico, in Dissertationes Halenses, x (1889); text in H. Keil's Grammatici Latini, vii.", "Q235077": "Jerrald King Goldsmith (February 10, 1929 \u2013 July 21, 2004) was an American composer and conductor most known for his work in film and television scoring. He composed scores for such films as Star Trek: The Motion Picture and four other films within the Star Trek franchise, The Sand Pebbles, Logan's Run, Planet of the Apes, Patton, Papillon, Chinatown, The Wind and the Lion, The Omen, The Boys from Brazil, Capricorn One, Alien, Outland, Poltergeist, The Secret of NIMH, Gremlins, Hoosiers, Total Recall, Basic Instinct, Rudy, Air Force One, L.A. Confidential, Mulan, The Mummy, three Rambo films, and Explorers. In May 1997, with the release of Steven Spielberg\u2019s The Lost World: Jurassic Park, he gained more popularity with his fanfare of the 1997 Universal Studios opening logo, which would be among the most iconic studio logo music of all time.\nHe collaborated with some of film history's most accomplished directors, including Robert Wise, Howard Hawks, Otto Preminger, Joe Dante, Richard Donner, Roman Polanski, Ridley Scott, Michael Winner, Steven Spielberg, Paul Verhoeven, and Franklin J. Schaffner. His work for Donner and Scott also involved a rejected score for Timeline and a controversially edited score for Alien, where music by Howard Hanson replaced Goldsmith's end titles and Goldsmith's own work on Freud: The Secret Passion was used without his approval in several scenes.\nGoldsmith was nominated for six Grammy Awards, five Primetime Emmy Awards, nine Golden Globe Awards, four British Academy Film Awards, and eighteen Academy Awards (he won only one, in 1976, for The Omen). He composed the Paramount Pictures Fanfare used from 1976 through 2011.", "Q273022": "Valaida Snow (June 2, 1904 \u2013 May 30, 1956) was a virtuoso American jazz musician and entertainer who became an internationally celebrated talent. She was known as \"Little Louis\" and \"Queen of the Trumpet,\" a nickname given to her by W.C. Handy.", "Q921808": "Keith Russell Ablow (born November 23, 1961) is an American author, television personality, and former psychiatrist. He is a contributor for Fox News Channel and TheBlaze. \nFormerly an assistant clinical professor at Tufts University School of Medicine, Ablow resigned as a member of the American Psychiatric Association in 2011. Ablow's medical license was suspended in May 2019 by the Massachusetts Board of Registration in Medicine. The board concluded he posed an \"immediate and serious threat to the public health, safety and welfare,\" alleging that he had engaged in sexual and unethical misconduct towards patients.According to the Associated Press, Ablow \"freely mixes psychiatric assessments with political criticism, a unique twist in the realm of cable news commentary that some medical colleagues find unethical.\"", "Q370259": "Ern\u00f6 Szab\u00f3 (June 30, 1900 \u2013 November 10, 1966) was a Hungarian film actor.", "Q68332": "Bivio (Romansh: Beiva, German: Stallen) is a village and former municipality in the Surs\u00e9s in the district of Albula of the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged to form the new municipality of Surses.", "Q3959303": "Franklin Shea Whigham Jr. (born January 5, 1969) is an American actor. He portrayed Elias \"Eli\" Thompson in the HBO drama series Boardwalk Empire, and had notable supporting roles in Kong: Skull Island, Death Note, Take Shelter, the first season of True Detective, the third season of Fargo, and Joker. He appeared as Agent Michael Stasiak in Fast & Furious and Fast & Furious 6.", "Q6217706": "Dr John Anderson Gilruth (17 February 1871, Auchmithie, Scotland \u2013 4 March 1937, South Yarra, Melbourne) was a veterinary scientist and administrator. He is particularly noted for being Administrator of the Northern Territory from 1912 to 1918, when he was recalled after an angry mob demanded that he resign. This incident is known as the Darwin Rebellion.", "Q434132": "Mika Tan (born November 27, 1977) is an American fetish model (BDSM/DS/stocking and pantyhose fetish), and pornographic actress.", "Q3982507": "Samuel Frederick Dabney Jr. (usually Ted; May 2, 1937 \u2013 May 26, 2018) was an American electrical engineer, and the co-founder, alongside Nolan Bushnell, of Atari, Inc. He is recognized as developing the basics of video circuitry principles that were used for Computer Space and later Pong, one of the first and most successful arcade games.", "Q67001": "Paul Rostock (January 18, 1892 \u2013 June 17, 1956) was a German official, surgeon, and university professor. He was Chief of the Office for Medical Science and Research (Amtschef der Dienststelle Medizinische Wissenschaft und Forschung) under Third Reich Commissioner Karl Brandt and a Full Professor, Medical Doctorate, Medical Superintendent of the University of Berlin Surgical Clinic.\nRostock was born in Kranz, Meseritz district, German Empire. He studied medicine in Greifswald and completed his medical doctorate at Jena in 1921. He received his medical license and became an intern at the University of Jena Surgical Clinic. From 1927 to 1933, Rostock was assistant medical director at Bergmannsheil Hospital in Bochum and worked with Karl Brandt, who was at that time an intern there. In 1933, Rostock took on the position of medical superintendent in Berlin and in 1941 became associate professor and director of the University of Berlin Surgical Clinic in Ziegel Street, where Karl Brandt was then working as assistant medical director. Rostock became dean of the medical faculty at the University of Berlin in 1942.\nRostock's military medical career began in 1939 with a position as Consulting Surgeon to the Army. In 1943, General Commissioner Karl Brandt chose Rostock as his deputy and representative in the Medical Science Research Department. Rostock joined the National Socialist German Workers Party on May 1, 1937 (No. 5,917,621) and the National Socialist German Physicians Association on February 20, 1940 (Nr. 31,569).\nRostock was a defendant in the Doctors' Trial. Because of his very high position, Rostock was charged with complicity in several series of human experiments on concentration camp prisoners. He was found innocent and released in August 1947.He immediately began to work on documentation of the Doctors' Trial, with the goal of presenting the trial to the public from another perspective. Rostock never finished this project.\nIn 1948, Rostock began working as medical supervisor of Versehrten Hospital in Possenhofen. He then worked as the medical supervisor of Versorgungs Hospital in Bayreuth, from 1953 to his death at age 64 in Bad T\u00f6lz.", "Q1265451": "Duncan Sheik (born November 18, 1969) is an American singer-songwriter and composer. Sheik is known for his 1996 debut single \"Barely Breathing\", which earned him a Grammy Award nomination for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. He has composed music for motion pictures and the Broadway stage, winning Tony Awards for Best Original Score and Best Orchestrations for his work on the 2006 musical Spring Awakening.", "Q104574": "Dr. h.c. Max Kade (13 October 1882, Steinbach near Schw\u00e4bisch Hall, W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany - 15 July 1967, Davos, Switzerland) was an emigrant from Germany to New York City who became successful in the pharmaceutical industry. Kade was committed to advancing German-American relations. He established a foundation in New York to promote scientific and technical progress and to further the peaceful coexistence of nations.", "Q174093": "Daniel Wallace (May 9, 1801 \u2013 May 13, 1859) was a U.S. Representative from South Carolina.\nBorn near Laurens, South Carolina, he moved to Union County in 1833. He was a major general of the State militia. He studied law and engaged in agricultural pursuits. After being admitted to the bar, the practiced law in Union and Jonesville, Union County, South Carolina. He was elected to the State house of representatives in 1846 and served until 1847.\nWallace was elected as a Democrat to the Thirtieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of James A. Black. He was reelected to the Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses and served from June 12, 1848, to March 3, 1853.\nAfter leaving Congress, he resumed his agricultural pursuits. He died in Jonesville, South Carolina, May 13, 1859 and was interred in Old Presbyterian Cemetery, Union, South Carolina. His son was General William Henry Wallace of the Confederate States Army, Speaker of the South Carolina House of Representatives, and Circuit Judge.", "Q375321": "One Million B.C. is a 1940 American fantasy film produced by Hal Roach Studios and released by United Artists. It is also known by the titles Cave Man, Man and His Mate, and Tumak.\nThe film stars Victor Mature as protagonist Tumak, a young caveman who strives to unite the uncivilized Rock Tribe and the peaceful Shell Tribe, Carole Landis as Loana, daughter of the Shell Tribe chief and Tumak's love interest, and Lon Chaney Jr. as Tumak's stern father and leader of the Rock Tribe. Chaney's billing differs from that of his home studio Universal Pictures in that Hal Roach elected to retain the \"Jr.\" instead of billing him under his father's name, possibly because Roach was co-directing the film with his own son Hal Roach Jr..\nThe film was a popular success and was nominated for two Academy Awards for its special effects and musical score.", "Q271635": "Beth Grant (born September 18, 1949) is an American character actress known for often playing conservatives, religious zealots, stern characters or sticklers for rules. Between 2012 and 2017, she was a series regular on the television comedy The Mindy Project portraying the role of Beverly Janoszewski. She is also known for her recurring role Gracie Leigh in the CBS post-apocalyptic drama Jericho, and for playing Marianne Marie Beetle, a recurring character in the Bryan Fuller series Wonderfalls, Pushing Daisies, and Mockingbird Lane.\nIn film, she is best known for her roles as Mother at Farm House in Rain Man (1988), Miss Kettlewell in Child's Play 2 (1990), Helen in Speed, Loretta in To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar (1995), Kitty Farmer in Donnie Darko (2001), Pageant Official Jenkins in Little Miss Sunshine (2006), Carla Jean's Mother in No Country for Old Men (2007), and Peppy's maid in The Artist (2011). She is also known for starring in the films Flatliners, Sordid Lives, Dear Lemon Lima, and Bad Words.\nShe recently starred in Jackie as Claudia \"Lady Bird\" Johnson and the critically acclaimed indie films Faults (2014) and Lucky (2017). She recently portrayed the recurring role of The Woman with Hair but No Beard in Netflix's A Series of Unfortunate Events and the Cat Lady in Hulu's Dollface.", "Q239895": "Carmen Finestra (born 1947) is an American producer and TV writer who currently is partnered with Matt Williams and David McFadzean in Wind Dancer Productions, a firm which Finestra also co-owns and co-founded with actor Tim Allen. For Wind Dancer, Finestra has produced or executive produced Where the Heart Is, Firelight, Soul Man, Thunder Alley and his company's best known series, Home Improvement, which starred Allen as a feisty home-improvement host, and in turn based on Allen's stand-up comedy routines. Most recently the firm has released Good Sam on Netflix and children's TV series Ready Jet Go!Finestra was born to Italian immigrants in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and initially attended a seminary college for two years to become a Catholic priest before transferring to Penn State University, where he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. He earned his BA in 1971.\nAfter a stint as an Off-Broadway actor, Finestra turned to writing for the likes of Johnny Cash (for one of Cash's summer series) and Steve Martin. Finestra's big break came when he began writing for The Cosby Show in 1984, where he would remain until 1990, leaving the show as supervising producer. Finestra received two Emmy nominations as one of the producers of The Cosby Show and another Emmy nomination for co-writing an episode of the hit series. He also did three guest star appearances on The Cosby Show (episodes 4.12, 6.2 and 6.14).\nIn 1991, Finestra became a writer and co-executive producer for Home Improvement, capacities he filled until the series' end in 1999. His work on the sitcom would land three Emmy and two Golden Globe nominations for him.\nFinestra was honored as a Distinguished Alumnus of Penn State in 1998. Penn State named an off campus video editing lab, The Carmen Finestra Digital Editing Lab, in his honor at Innovation Park, an off site technology hub on the University Park campus.", "Q85084": "Rudolf Falb (born 14 April 1838 in Obdach (Styria, Austrian Empire; died 29 September 1903 in Sch\u00f6neberg, German Empire) was an Austrian popularizer of natural history who concerned himself with earthquakes, meteorology, astronomy and also with evolutionary linguistics. He developed the lunisolar flood hypothesis of earthquakes and volcanism, based on the concept of subterranean lava tides, which the academic community thoroughly refuted even during his lifetime; nevertheless he attained considerable popularity through apparently correct predictions of several seismic events. Falb's lasting legacy is that he popularized the concept of extraterrestrial influences of geophysical phenomena, even though his concepts regarding the origins of earthquakes were wrong.", "Q102105": "Pope Liberius (310 \u2013 24 September 366) was the bishop of Rome from 17 May 352 until his death. According to the Catalogus Liberianus, he was consecrated on 22 May as the successor to Pope Julius I. He is not mentioned as a saint in the Roman Martyrology, making him the earliest pontiff not to be venerated as a saint in the Roman Rite. Liberius is mentioned in the Greek Menology, the Eastern equivalent to the martyrologies of the Western Church and a measure of sainthood prior to the institution of the formal Western processes of canonization.", "Q71105": "Johann Zahn (29 March 1641, Karlstadt am Main \u2013 27 June 1707) was the seventeenth-century German author of Oculus Artificialis Teledioptricus Sive Telescopium (W\u00fcrzburg, 1685). This work contains many descriptions and diagrams, illustrations and sketches of both the camera obscura and magic lantern, along with various other lanterns, slides, projection types, peepshow boxes, microscopes, telescopes, reflectors, and lenses. As a student of light, Zahn is considered the most prolific writer and illustrator of the camera obscura.\nZahn was a canon of the Premonstratensian monastery of Oberzell near W\u00fcrzburg (see Kloster Oberzell).\nThe first camera that was small and portable enough to be practical for photography (that is, actually capturing the image on some sort of medium) was envisioned by Zahn in 1685, though it would be almost 150 years before technology caught up to the point where this was possible to actually build (see History of the camera).\nIn Oculus Artificialis, Zahn's comprehensive description of the magic lantern (along with twelve other different lanterns) includes some of these lanterns showing for the first time lens covers. This was a very important evolution in the history of the camera, because it meant that the screen could be kept dark while the operator changed the slide.\nZahn used the magic lantern, whose invention he credited to Athanasius Kircher, for anatomical lectures.\nHe also illustrated a large workshop camera obscura for solar observations using the telescope and scioptric ball. Zahn also includes an illustration of a camera obscura in the shape of a goblet, based on a design described (but not illustrated) by Pierre H\u00e9rigone. Zahn also designed several portable camera obscuras, and made one that was 23 inches long. He demonstrated the use of mirrors and lenses to erect the image, enlarge and focus it.\nZahn is also the author of a compendium of mathematics and natural history, titled Specula Physico-Mathematico-Historica Notabilium ac Mirabilium Sciendorum (1696).", "Q37150": "Elizabeth Woolridge Grant (born June 21, 1985), known professionally as Lana Del Rey, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, record producer and poet. Her music is noted for its stylized cinematic quality; its themes of tragic romance, glamour, and melancholia; and its references to pop culture, particularly 1950s and 1960s Americana.Born in New York City and raised in Upstate New York, Del Rey returned to New York City in 2005 to begin her music career. Following numerous projects including her debut studio album and the unreleased Sirens, Del Rey's breakthrough came after the viral success of her debut single \"Video Games\" in 2011. She signed with Interscope and Polydor later that year. Her major label debut Born to Die (2012) proved an international success and spawned a top-ten single on the Billboard Hot 100 with the Cedric Gervais remix of \"Summertime Sadness\", as well as the internationally successful singles \"Blue Jeans\", \"Born to Die\", and \"National Anthem\". Del Rey then released the Grammy-nominated EP, Paradise in 2012. The next year, Del Rey ventured into film as she wrote and starred in the short music film, Tropico, and released \"Young and Beautiful\" as the lead single for the romantic drama film The Great Gatsby (2013).\nDel Rey subsequently issued her sophomore major label effort, Ultraviolence (2014), to critical success, topping the charts and spawning the single, \"West Coast\". That same year, Del Rey recorded the eponymous theme for the drama film Big Eyes, which garnered her Grammy and Golden Globe nominations. She released the album Honeymoon in 2015 and Lust for Life in 2017, the latter of which topped the charts in the U.S. and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album. Del Rey's sixth studio album, Norman Fucking Rockwell! (2019), received widespread critical acclaim and two Grammy nominations, including Album of the Year. In 2019, Del Rey also released the singles \"Doin' Time\" and \"Don't Call Me Angel\", the latter being a trio with Ariana Grande and Miley Cyrus.\nAs of 2020, Del Rey has sold 19.1 million albums and over 13 million singles worldwide, while her YouTube and Vevo pages have combined lifetime views of 3.8 billion. Among her awards and nominations, Del Rey has received 2 Brit Awards, 2 MTV Europe Music Awards, a Satellite Award and 9 GAFFA Awards, and has been nominated for 6 Grammy Awards and a Golden Globe Award.", "Q66479": "Curt Bois (April 5, 1901 \u2013 December 25, 1991), born Kurt Boas, was a German actor with a career spanning over 80 years. He is best remembered for his performances as the pickpocket in Casablanca (1942) and the poet Homer in Wings of Desire (1987).\n\n", "Q1524124": "Morehouse College is a private, historically black men's college located in Atlanta, Georgia. The college is one of the few remaining traditional men's liberal arts colleges in the United States.Founded in 1867 by William Jefferson White, an aggressive expansionary program undertaken by the college's 6th President Benjamin Mays established Morehouse as the largest liberal arts institution for men in the United States with an enrollment over 2,000 students. Along with Clark Atlanta University, Morehouse School of Medicine and nearby women's college Spelman College, Morehouse is part of the Atlanta University Center.\nMorehouse is one of two historically black colleges in the country to produce Rhodes Scholars, and it is the alma mater of many African-American community and civil leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr.", "Q302817": "Aaron Hillel Swartz (November 8, 1986 \u2013 January 11, 2013) was an American computer programmer, entrepreneur, writer, political organizer, and Internet hacktivist. He was involved in the development of the web feed format RSS, the Markdown publishing format, the organization Creative Commons, and the website framework web.py, and was a co-founder of the social news site Reddit. He was given the title of co-founder by Y Combinator owner Paul Graham after the formation of Not a Bug, Inc. (a merger of Swartz's project Infogami and Reddit, a company run by Alexis Ohanian and Steve Huffman).\nSwartz's work also focused on civic awareness and activism. He helped launch the Progressive Change Campaign Committee in 2009 to learn more about effective online activism. In 2010, he became a research fellow at Harvard University's Safra Research Lab on Institutional Corruption, directed by Lawrence Lessig. He founded the online group Demand Progress, known for its campaign against the Stop Online Piracy Act.\nIn 2011, Swartz was arrested by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) police on state breaking-and-entering charges, after connecting a computer to the MIT network in an unmarked and unlocked closet, and setting it to download academic journal articles systematically from JSTOR using a guest user account issued to him by MIT. Federal prosecutors later charged him with two counts of wire fraud and eleven violations of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, carrying a cumulative maximum penalty of $1 million in fines, 35 years in prison, asset forfeiture, restitution, and supervised release.Swartz declined a plea bargain under which he would have served six months in federal prison. Two days after the prosecution rejected a counter-offer by Swartz, he was found dead in his Brooklyn apartment, where he had hanged himself.In 2013, Swartz was inducted posthumously into the Internet Hall of Fame.", "Q27343": "Warm Bodies is a 2013 American paranormal romantic zombie comedy film written and directed by Jonathan Levine and based on Isaac Marion's novel of the same name. The film stars Nicholas Hoult, Teresa Palmer, Analeigh Tipton, and John Malkovich.The film focuses on the development of the relationship between Julie (Palmer), a young woman, and \"R\" (Hoult), a zombie, and how their eventual romance develops throughout. The film is noted for displaying human characteristics in zombie characters, and for being told from a zombie's perspective.", "Q237106": "Marie NDiaye (born 4 June 1967) is a French novelist and playwright. She published her first novel, Quant au riche avenir, when she was 17. She won the Prix Goncourt in 2009. Her play Papa doit manger is the sole play by a living female writer to be part of the repertoire of the Com\u00e9die fran\u00e7aise.", "Q749149": "Gustavo Su\u00e1rez Pertierra (born 1949) is a Spanish jurist and politician. He served as Minister of Education and as Minister of Defence during the governments of Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez.", "Q2966": "Heidelberg ( HY-d\u0259l-burg, German: [\u02c8ha\u026adl\u0329b\u025b\u0281k] (listen)) is a university town in the German state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. In the 2016 census, its population was 159,914, of which roughly a quarter consisted of students.Located about 78 km (48 mi) south of Frankfurt, Heidelberg is the fifth-largest city in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. Heidelberg is part of the densely populated Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region.\nHeidelberg University, founded in 1386, is Germany's oldest and one of Europe's most reputable universities. Heidelberg is a scientific hub in Germany and home to several internationally renowned research facilities adjacent to its university, including the European Molecular Biology Laboratory and four Max Planck Institutes. The city has also been a hub for the arts, especially literature, throughout the centuries, and it was designated a \"City of Literature\" by the UNESCO Creative Cities Network.\nHeidelberg was a seat of government of the former Electorate of the Palatinate and is a popular tourist destination due to its romantic cityscape, including Heidelberg Castle, the Philosophers' Walk, and the Baroque old town.", "Q259807": "Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights (also known as Dirty Dancing 2 or Dirty Dancing 2: Havana Nights) is a 2004 American dance musical romantic drama film directed by Guy Ferland and starring Diego Luna, Romola Garai, Sela Ward, John Slattery, Jonathan Jackson, January Jones, and Mika Boorem. The film is a prequel/\"re-imagining\" of the 1987 blockbuster Dirty Dancing, reusing the same basic plot, but transplanting it from upstate New York to Cuba on the cusp of the Cuban Revolution. It was mostly filmed in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico.", "Q78647": "Johannes Hahn (born 2 December 1957) is an Austrian politician who has served as European Commissioner for Budget and Administration since 1 December 2019. \nHe previously served as European Commissioner for European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations from November 2014 to November 2019 and before that as European Commissioner for Regional Policy from 2010 to 2014. Before entering the European Commission, he served as the Austrian Minister for science and research from 2007 to 2010. He is a member of the Austrian People's Party, part of the European People's Party.", "Q932874": "Jack the Ripper is a 1988 Anglo-American co-production by Thames Television and CBS television film drama based on the notorious Jack the Ripper murder spree in Victorian London.\nIt was first broadcast on ITV.The film was produced to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the Whitechapel murders, and was originally screened on British television in two 90-minute episodes, broadcast on consecutive evenings, in October 1988, to coincide with the dates of some of the original events, advertising itself in advance as a solution to the century-old mystery of the murderer's identity using newly discovered original evidence.", "Q3141326": "Yuan Longping (Chinese: \u8881\u9686\u5e73; born September 7, 1930) is a Chinese agronomist, known for developing the first hybrid rice varieties in the 1970s.\nHybrid rice has since been grown in dozens of countries in Africa, America, and Asia\u2014providing a robust food source in areas with a high risk of famine. For his contributions, Yuan is always called the \"Father of Hybrid Rice\" by the Chinese media.", "Q93180": "The Seleucid Empire (; Ancient Greek: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03a3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03b9\u03b4\u1ff6\u03bd, Basile\u00eda t\u014dn Seleukid\u014dn) was a Hellenistic state ruled by the Seleucid dynasty which existed from 312 BC to 63 BC; Seleucus I Nicator founded it following the division of the Macedonian Empire vastly expanded by Alexander the Great. Seleucus received Babylonia (321 BC) and from there expanded his dominions to include much of Alexander's near-eastern territories. At the height of its power, the Empire included central Anatolia, Persia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, and what is now Kuwait, Afghanistan, and parts of Pakistan and Turkmenistan.\nThe Seleucid Empire became a major center of Hellenistic culture \u2013 it maintained the preeminence of Greek customs where a Greek political elite dominated, mostly in the urban areas. The Greek population of the cities who formed the dominant elite were reinforced by immigration from Greece. Seleucid attempts to defeat their old enemy Ptolemaic Egypt were frustrated by Roman demands. Having come into conflict in the east (305 BC) with Chandragupta Maurya of the Maurya Empire, Seleucus I entered into an agreement with Chandragupta whereby he ceded vast territory west of the Indus, including the Hindu Kush, modern-day Afghanistan, and the Balochistan province of Pakistan and offered his daughter in marriage to the Maurya Emperor to formalize the alliance.\nAntiochus III the Great attempted to project Seleucid power and authority into Hellenistic Greece, but his attempts were thwarted by the Roman Republic and by Greek allies such as the Kingdom of Pergamon, culminating in a Seleucid defeat at the 190 BC Battle of Magnesia. In the subsequent Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC, the Seleucids were compelled to pay costly war reparations and relinquished claims to territories west of the Taurus Mountains. \nThe Parthians under Mithridates I of Parthia conquered much of the remaining eastern part of the Seleucid Empire in the mid-2nd century BC, while the independent Greco-Bactrian Kingdom continued to flourish in the northeast. However, the Seleucid kings continued to rule a rump state from Syria until the invasion by Armenian king Tigranes the Great in 83 BC and their ultimate overthrow by the Roman general Pompey in 63 BC.", "Q817376": "Benjamin Alard (born 13 July 1985 Rouen, France) is a French classical harpsichordist and organist.\nHe was a student of the organist Louis Thiry.\n\n", "Q913662": "The Distillers are an American punk rock band, formed in Los Angeles, California in 1998 by vocalist and guitarist Brody Dalle. Dalle co-wrote, played guitar and provided vocals for nearly every track on the band's three albums. After the breakup of the band in 2006, Dalle and Distillers guitarist Tony Bevilacqua went on to form Spinnerette.", "Q1815770": "No Limit is an American record label founded by Percy \"Master P\" Miller. The label's albums were distributed by Priority, Universal and Koch Records. The label included artists such as Snoop Dogg, Mercedes, Silkk the Shocker, Mystikal, Mia X, Mac, C-Murder, Magic, Short Circuit, Lil Soldiers, Romeo Miller, Fiend, Kane & Abel, Soulja Slim, among others.", "Q3368718": "Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word pathology also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of bioscience research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatment, the term is often used in a more narrow fashion to refer to processes and tests which fall within the contemporary medical field of \"general pathology\", an area which includes a number of distinct but inter-related medical specialties that diagnose disease, mostly through analysis of tissue, cell, and body fluid samples. Idiomatically, \"a pathology\" may also refer to the predicted or actual progression of particular diseases (as in the statement \"the many different forms of cancer have diverse pathologies\"), and the affix pathy is sometimes used to indicate a state of disease in cases of both physical ailment (as in cardiomyopathy) and psychological conditions (such as psychopathy). A physician practicing pathology is called a pathologist.\nAs a field of general inquiry and research, pathology addresses four components of disease: cause, mechanisms of development (pathogenesis), structural alterations of cells (morphologic changes), and the consequences of changes (clinical manifestations). In common medical practice, general pathology is mostly concerned with analyzing known clinical abnormalities that are markers or precursors for both infectious and non-infectious disease and is conducted by experts in one of two major specialties, anatomical pathology and clinical pathology. Further divisions in specialty exist on the basis of the involved sample types (comparing, for example, cytopathology, hematopathology, and histopathology), organs (as in renal pathology), and physiological systems (oral pathology), as well as on the basis of the focus of the examination (as with forensic pathology).\nPathology is a significant field in modern medical diagnosis and medical research.", "Q1951898": "Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062f\u0646\u200e; 1908 \u2013 3 September 1967) was a multi-millionaire Saudi businessman working primarily in the construction industry. He founded what is today the Saudi Binladin Group and became the wealthiest non-royal Saudi, establishing the wealth and prestige of the Bin Laden family. He was the son of Awad bin Laden and the father of Osama bin Laden.", "Q891661": "Alexey Nikolayevich Titov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432; July 12, 1769 - November 8, 1827), was a Russian composer and violinist. His son, Nikolai Titov, was a composer, as were several other family members.\nTitov was born and died in St. Petersburg. Alongside his musical career, Titov was a major general in the Russian cavalry. His music, most of which is for the stage (operas, ballets, and incidental music), was primarily written for local St. Petersburg theater and dance companies. Strong Russian themes run through his choice of libretti, and his music makes copious use of Russian folk music. He was most popular for his comic operas such as Yam, or The Post Station (1805), The Winter Party, or The Sequel to Yam (1808) and The Wedding Eve Party, or Filakin's Wedding (1809), which form a trilogy. All of them were staged in St. Petersburg.", "Q1372139": "William Patrick Niederst (born September 5, 1970), best known as Liam Lynch, is a musician, puppeteer and filmmaker. Lynch co-created, co-wrote, played the music for, directed, and produced MTV's Sifl and Olly Show.\nLynch also made the album Fake Songs, released in 2003, produced by his own company, 111 Productions. This album featured the song \"United States of Whatever\", which charted in the Top 10 in the United Kingdom, and Australia.\nLynch also directs music videos. He has worked with Queens of the Stone Age, Eagles of Death Metal, Spinnerette, and No Doubt. In 2003 he directed the UK music video for the Foo Fighters single \"Times Like These\", although it was rarely played in the United States.\nHe directed the 2006 film Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny after working with Tenacious D in 2002, when he directed the music video for their song \"Tribute\". He also directed several short films that played as part of their live show, as well as a documentary called On The Road with Tenacious D which was a featured part of their DVD collection, The Complete Masterworks. He directed Sarah Silverman's movie, Sarah Silverman: Jesus Is Magic as well as a music video for Silverman called \"Give the Jew Girl Toys\". He wrote the original music used in the MTV animated series Clone High and co-wrote a song in the feature film,\nSchool of Rock. Lynch has an ongoing podcast available through his website that contains skits, videos he has created, and answering viewer mail.", "Q214907": "Hinrich Nitsche (14 February 1845, in Breslau \u2013 8 November 1902, in Tharandt) was a German zoologist. He was a son-in-law to geographer Oscar Peschel (1826-1875).He studied zoology at the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin, obtaining his doctorate at the latter institution in 1868. After graduation, he worked as an assistant to Rudolf Leuckart at the University of Leipzig. During the Franco-Prussian War, he served as a volunteer medical assistant. In 1875, he became an associate professor of zoology at Leipzig, and during the following year was appointed professor of zoology at the Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry in Tharandt.In 1869-70 he divided the phylum Bryozoa into two groups, Endoprocta and Ectoprocta, with the latter group of animals being characterized by having its anus outside of the crown of tentacles, as opposed to Endoprocta. Today the term \"Ectoprocta\" is considered to be synonymous with Bryozoa. The herpetological species Nitsche's bush viper (Atheris nitschei ) is named in his honor.", "Q117508": "Edita Pu\u010dinskait\u0117 (born November 27, 1975 in Naujoji Akmen\u0117) is a Lithuanian racing cyclist. For many years, she was one of the top competitors in women's road racing with a victory in the World Road Race Championships in 1999 and several high finishes in major tours, world championships and the UCI points listings.", "Q586794": "Timothy Todd \"Tim\" McCord (born June 28, 1979 in Sacramento, California) is the current bassist of the American rock band Evanescence. He replaced bassist Will Boyd who left the band in mid-2006. Previously, McCord was best known for playing guitar for the band The Revolution Smile from 2000 to 2004. McCord is also a member of the Japanese music label, Brave Wave Productions. McCord has two children through his wife, Danielle: Maddie and Declan. He also has two stepdaughters, Alyssa (born 2004, died February 9, 2020) and Arianna (born 2007).", "Q137800": "The Yards is a 2000 American crime film directed by James Gray. It was written by Gray and Matt Reeves, and stars Mark Wahlberg, Joaquin Phoenix, Charlize Theron and James Caan. \nThe setting is the commuter rail yards in New York City, in the boroughs of the Bronx, Queens, and Brooklyn. In the film's plot, bribery, corporate crime and political corruption are commonplace in \"the yards\", where contractors repair railway cars for the city Transit Authority (TA). Rival companies sabotage each other's work to win bids. The undercutting leads to murder.", "Q1509908": "Gerald Hatten Buss (January 27, 1933 \u2013 February 18, 2013) was an American businessman, investor, chemist, and philanthropist. He was the majority owner of the Los Angeles Lakers professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA), winning 10 league championships that were highlighted by the team's Showtime era during the 1980s. He is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a contributor. Buss owned other professional sports franchises in Southern California.", "Q109736": "Walter K\u00fcchenmeister (* 9 January 1897 in Waldheim; \u2020 13 May 1943 in Charlottenburg-Nord) was a German machine technician, journalist, editor and writer. K\u00fcchenmeister was a member of the anti-fascist resistance group that was called the Red Orchestra by the Gestapo and was notable for being part of the close group that constituted the Schulze-Boysen group of individuals.", "Q160780": "Henri Michaux (French: [mi\u0283o]; 24 May 1899 \u2013 19 October 1984) was a highly idiosyncratic Belgian-born poet, writer, and painter who wrote in French. He later took French citizenship. Michaux is best known for his esoteric novels and poems written in a highly accessible but erratic and unnerving style. His body of work includes poetry, travelogues, and art criticism. Michaux travelled widely, tried his hand at several careers, and experimented with psychedelic drugs, especially LSD and mescaline, which resulted in two of his most intriguing works, Miserable Miracle and The Major Ordeals of the Mind and the Countless Minor Ones.", "Q522744": "Lawrence Hargrave, MRAeS, (29 January 1850 \u2013 6 July 1915) was an Australian engineer, explorer, astronomer, inventor and aeronautical pioneer.\n\n", "Q439370": "Herman Joachim Bang (20 April 1857 \u2013 29 January 1912) was a Danish journalist and author, one of the men of the Modern Breakthrough.", "Q193608": "Carl August Sandburg (January 6, 1878 \u2013 July 22, 1967) was an American poet, biographer, journalist, and editor. He won three Pulitzer Prizes: two for his poetry and one for his biography of Abraham Lincoln. During his lifetime, Sandburg was widely regarded as \"a major figure in contemporary literature\", especially for volumes of his collected verse, including Chicago Poems (1916), Cornhuskers (1918), and Smoke and Steel (1920). He enjoyed \"unrivaled appeal as a poet in his day, perhaps because the breadth of his experiences connected him with so many strands of American life\", and at his death in 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson observed that \"Carl Sandburg was more than the voice of America, more than the poet of its strength and genius. He was America.\"", "Q66451": "Paul Saladin Leonhardt (13 November 1877 \u2013 14 December 1934) was a German chess master. He was born in Posen, Province of Posen, German Empire (now Poland), and died of a heart attack in K\u00f6nigsberg during a game of chess.\nA player with a low profile and not many tournament wins, Leonhardt has been largely forgotten by the history books. However, at his best, he was able to defeat most of the elite players of the period. Tarrasch, Tartakower, Nimzowitsch, Mar\u00f3czy and R\u00e9ti all succumbed to his fierce attacking style between 1903 and 1920. He won several brilliancy prizes.", "Q707568": "LTU, legally incorporated as LTU Lufttransport-Unternehmen GmbH, was a German leisure airline headquartered in D\u00fcsseldorf. It operated medium and long-haul routes and maintained hubs at D\u00fcsseldorf Airport, Munich Airport and Berlin-Tegel Airport. LTU was acquired by Air Berlin in 2007. Use of the LTU brand ceased in 2009, and LTU itself was dissolved by April 2011.\n\n", "Q57854": "Laurent Salvador Lamothe (born 14 August 1972) is a Haitian businessman, economist, and political figure who has served in the government of Haiti as Foreign Minister since October 2011, then appointed as Prime Minister on 4 May 2012. On 14 December 2014, Lamothe resigned as Prime Minister for personal reasons. Previously, he was co-founder and CEO of the company Global Voice Group.", "Q230641": "Jennifer Leann Carpenter (born December 7, 1979) is an American actress. She is known for playing Debra Morgan in the Showtime series Dexter, for which she earned a Saturn Award in 2009, and also for playing Rebecca Harris in the CBS television series Limitless. In 2019, she began playing Erica Shepherd, the lead role in the NBC drama The Enemy Within.", "Q529639": "Kay Boyle (February 19, 1902 \u2013 December 27, 1992) was an American novelist, short story writer, educator, and political activist. She was a Guggenheim Fellows and O. Henry Award winner.", "Q4567827": "Stockholms Dagblad was a conservative morning newspaper published in Stockholm between 1824 and 1931.", "Q181224": "Nigel Anderson Don (born 16 April 1954) is a Scottish composer, arranger and former politician. He was a Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of the Scottish Parliament for two parliamentary terms, first for the North East Scotland region 2007\u20132011 then for the Angus North and Mearns constituency in the 2011\u20132016 term.", "Q230899": "The University of Manchester is a public research university in Manchester, England, formed in 2004 by the merger of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology and the Victoria University of Manchester. The University of Manchester is a red brick university, a product of the civic university movement of the late 19th century.\nThe main campus is south of Manchester city centre on Oxford Road. The university owns and operates major cultural assets such as the Manchester Museum, Whitworth Art Gallery, John Rylands Library and Jodrell Bank Observatory\u2014a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\nIn 2018/19, the university had 40,250 students and 10,400 staff, making it the second largest university in the UK (out of 169 including the Open University), and the largest single-site university. The university had a consolidated income of \u00a31.1 billion in 2018\u201319, of which \u00a3323.6 million was from research grants and contracts (6th place nationally behind Oxford, UCL, Cambridge, Imperial and Edinburgh). It has the fifth-largest endowment of any university in the UK, after the universities of Cambridge, Oxford, Edinburgh and King's. It is a member of the worldwide Universities Research Association, the Russell Group of British research universities and the N8 Group.\nIn global university league tables, the university was ranked 27th in the QS World University Rankings 2020, 57th in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2019, and 33rd in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019, while in national tables it was ranked 15th by the Complete University Guide 2020, 34th by the Guardian University Guide 2020 and joint 19th by the Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide 2019. Manchester was ranked 15th in the UK amongst multi-faculty institutions for the quality (GPA) of its research and 5th for its Research Power in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework.The University of Manchester has 25 Nobel laureates among its past and present students and staff, the fourth-highest number of any single university in the United Kingdom. Four Nobel laureates are currently among its staff \u2013 more than any other British university.", "Q191037": "James Maury Henson (September 24, 1936 \u2013 May 16, 1990) was an American puppeteer, animator, cartoonist, actor, inventor, filmmaker, and screenwriter who achieved worldwide notice as the creator of The Muppets (1955\u2013present) and Fraggle Rock (1983\u20131987); and as the director of The Dark Crystal (1982) and Labyrinth (1986). He was born in Greenville, Mississippi, and raised in Leland, Mississippi, and University Park, Maryland.Henson began developing puppets in high school. He created Sam and Friends, a short-form comedy television program, while he was a freshman at the University of Maryland, College Park. He graduated from the University of Maryland with a degree in home economics, after which he produced coffee advertisements and developed experimental films. In 1958, he co-founded Muppets, Inc., which became The Jim Henson Company.\nIn 1969, Henson joined the children's educational television program Sesame Street where he helped to develop characters for the series. He and his creative team also appeared on the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live. He produced The Muppet Show during this period, premiering the series in 1976. He won fame for his characters, particularly Kermit the Frog, Rowlf the Dog, and Ernie. During the later years of his life, he founded the Jim Henson Foundation and Jim Henson's Creature Shop. He won the Emmy Award twice for his involvement in The Storyteller and The Jim Henson Hour.\nOn May 16, 1990, Henson died in New York City at the age of 53. His ashes were scattered near Taos, New Mexico. In the weeks following his death, he was celebrated with a wave of tributes. He was posthumously inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1991 and was selected to be one of the Disney Legends in 2011.", "Q189678": "Zeno Scudder (August 18, 1807 \u2013 June 26, 1857) was the son of Deacon Josiah and Hannah Scudder. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts. He was born in Osterville, Massachusetts on August 18, 1807. He wanted to follow the sea, but a paralysis of his right leg made that impossible. He studied medicine at Bowdoin College but his lameness hindered his practice so he decided to take up law at the Cambridge Law School. He was admitted to the bar in 1856 and conducted a lucrative practice in Barnstable, Massachusetts. Scudder was a member of the Massachusetts Senate 1846\u20131848 and served as Senate President.\nScudder was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Congresses. His special interest while in Congress was American Fisheries. He served from March 4, 1851, until his resignation on March 4, 1854, because of a broken leg suffered in a fall, the effects of which he never recovered.\nScudder died in Barnstable, Massachusetts on June 26, 1857 and was interred in Hillside Cemetery, Osterville.\n\n", "Q229310": "Patricia Anne Stratigeas (; born December 18, 1975) better known by her wrestling stage name Trish Stratus, is a Canadian fitness master, fitness model, professional wrestler, actress and television personality.\nAfter beginning her career as a fitness model, Stratigeas began working for the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), which was later renamed World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Early in her career, she was mostly involved in sexually themed storylines, such as managing the team T & A (Test & Albert, while doubling as a slang expression abbreviated from \"Tits and Ass\"), and a kayfabe affair with Vince McMahon's Mr. McMahon character. As Stratus spent more time in the ring, her perceived wrestling skills strengthened and her popularity increased. Because of this, she was made a one-time WWE Hardcore Champion, three-time \"WWE Babe of the Year\" and was proclaimed \"Diva of the Decade\". After nearly seven years in the business, Stratus retired from professional wrestling on a full-time basis at WWE Unforgiven on September 17, 2006 after winning her record-setting seventh WWE Women's Championship.\nFollowing her full-time performing, she would make occasional appearances and wrestle sporadically in WWE. In 2011, Stratus was a trainer for WWE Tough Enough. She was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2013. In 2018, she returned to WWE, participating in the 2018 Women's Royal Rumble and later competing at the all-female Evolution event in October of that year. She had her final match against Charlotte Flair at SummerSlam 2019. The following year she became the first woman to receive the Lou Thesz Award from the George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame.\nAside from professional wrestling, Stratus has appeared on a number of magazine covers and has been involved in charity work. She has also hosted several award and television shows and had owned a yoga studio.\n\n", "Q528527": "Campbell Scott (born July 19, 1961) is an American actor, director, producer, and voice artist. He is known for his roles as George Tunner on The Sheltering Sky, Boris Kuester von Jurgens-Ratenicz on Royal Pains, Mark Usher on House of Cards, Joseph Tobin on Damages, and Richard Parker in The Amazing Spider-Man and The Amazing Spider-Man 2, as well as numerous stage appearances.", "Q4827652": "Avang Music (Persian: \u0622\u0648\u0646\u06af\u200e) is a record label and TV channel based in Los Angeles, California. It is best known for its extensive Persian music catalog.", "Q285944": "Toyohiro Akiyama (\u79cb\u5c71 \u8c4a\u5bdb, Akiyama Toyohiro, born 22 July 1942) is a Japanese TV journalist best known for his flight to the Mir space station aboard a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in 1990. Akiyama is the first person of Japanese nationality to have flown in space. He was known as the \"Space Journalist\" (\u5b87\u5b99\u7279\u6d3e\u54e1) in Japan.", "Q313932": "Francis Beaumont ( BOH-mont; 1584 \u2013 6 March 1616) was a dramatist in the English Renaissance theatre, most famous for his collaborations with John Fletcher.", "Q1187444": "The University of P\u00e9cs (PTE; Hungarian: P\u00e9csi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem) is one of the major institutions of higher education in Hungary. Although the year 1367 appears in the seal of the university, it is not a successor of the medieval university founded in P\u00e9cs in 1367 by Louis I of Hungary. More than 20,000 students presently attend the University of P\u00e9cs, approximately 4,000 of whom are international students studying in English or German.", "Q1686273": "Jeff Carson (born Jeffrey Lee Herndon on December 16, 1963) is an American former country music artist. Originally a session musician in Branson, Missouri and later a demo singer, he was signed to Curb Records in 1995, releasing his self-titled debut album that year, followed by Butterfly Kisses in 1998 and Real Life in 2002. He has charted fourteen singles on the Billboard country charts, including the Number One hit \"Not on Your Love\", the Top Ten hits \"The Car\" and \"Holdin' Onto Somethin'\", and the Top 20 \"Real Life (I Never Was the Same Again)\". He retired from music in 2009 and became a police officer.", "Q949236": "Aaron Solowoniuk ( SOL-\u0259-VON-yuuk) is the drummer for the Canadian band Billy Talent.", "Q659400": "Wilmington is a port city and the county seat of New Hanover County in coastal southeastern North Carolina, United States.\nWith a population of 122,607 in 2018, it is the eighth most populous city in the state. Wilmington is the principal city of the Wilmington Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan area that includes New Hanover and Pender counties in southeastern North Carolina, which has a population of 263,429 as of the 2012 Census Estimate.\nSettled by the English along the Cape Fear River, the city was named after Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington. Its historic downtown has a 1.75-mile (2.82 km) Riverwalk, developed as a tourist attraction in the late 20th century. In 2014 Wilmington's riverfront was ranked as the \"Best American Riverfront\" by readers of USA Today. It is minutes away from nearby beaches. The National Trust for Historic Preservation selected Wilmington as one of its 2008 Dozen Distinctive Destinations. City residents live between the river and the ocean, with four nearby beach communities: Fort Fisher, Wrightsville Beach, Carolina Beach and Kure Beach, all within half-hour drives from downtown Wilmington.\nIn 2003 the city was designated by the US Congress as a \"Coast Guard City\". It is the home port for the USCGC Diligence, a United States Coast Guard medium endurance cutter.\nThe World War II battleship USS North Carolina is held as a war memorial; moored across from the downtown port area, the ship is open to public tours. Other attractions include the Cape Fear Museum, and the Wilmington Hammerheads United Soccer Leagues soccer team. The University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) provides a wide variety of programs for undergraduates, graduate students, and adult learners, in addition to cultural and sports events open to the community.\nWilmington is the home of EUE Screen Gems Studios, the largest domestic television and movie production facility outside California. \"Dream Stage 10,\" the facility's newest sound stage, is the third-largest in the US. It houses the largest special-effects water tank in North America. After the studio's opening in 1984, Wilmington became a major center of American film and television production. Numerous movies in a range of genres and several television series have been produced here, including Maximum Overdrive, Iron Man 3, Fox's Sleepy Hollow, One Tree Hill, Dawson's Creek and NBC's Revolution.", "Q1181035": "Dean Brown (born August 19, 1955) is an American jazz fusion guitarist and session musician.", "Q65158": "Stetten is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q439358": "Brian Patrick Stepanek (born February 6, 1971) is an American actor and voice actor. He is known for his role as Arwin Hawkhauser on the Disney Channel Original Series The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and Brian on Brian O'Brian. He was also a Sector Seven Agent in the 2007 Michael Bay film Transformers, and also had a supporting role in The Island. Stepanek is also known as the voice of Roger in Father of the Pride and played Tom Harper on the Nickelodeon series Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn from 2014 to 2018. He currently voices Lynn Loud Sr. on the Nickelodeon animated series The Loud House.", "Q470758": "Colm T\u00f3ib\u00edn (Irish pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u0254l\u032a\u02e0\u0259m\u02e0 t\u032a\u02e0o\u02d0\u02c8b\u02b2i\u02d0n\u02b2]; born 30 May 1955) is an Irish novelist, short story writer, essayist, playwright, journalist, critic, and poet.T\u00f3ib\u00edn is currently Irene and Sidney B. Silverman Professor of the Humanities at Columbia University in Manhattan and succeeded Martin Amis as professor of creative writing at the University of Manchester. He was appointed Chancellor of the University of Liverpool in 2017.Called \"a champion of minorities\" by Arts Council director Mary Cloake as he collected the 2011 Irish PEN Award, that same year John Naughton of The Observer included T\u00f3ib\u00edn among his list of Britain's three hundred \"public figures leading our cultural discourse\" \u2014 despite his being Irish.", "Q287835": "Andrea N. Parker (born March 8, 1970) is an American film and television actress and former ballet dancer. She is known for her roles on ER, The Pretender, Less than Perfect, Desperate Housewives, and Pretty Little Liars.", "Q193146": "Anthony Perkins (April 4, 1932 \u2013 September 12, 1992) was an American actor, director and singer. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his second film, Friendly Persuasion (1956), but is best remembered for playing Norman Bates in Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (1960) and its three sequels. His other films include Fear Strikes Out (1957), The Matchmaker (1958), On the Beach (1959), Tall Story (1960), The Trial (1962), Phaedra (1962), Five Miles to Midnight (1962), Pretty Poison (1968), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), Mahogany (1975), The Black Hole (1979), North Sea Hijack (1980) and Crimes of Passion (1984).", "Q919367": "Eugene Chadbourne (born January 4, 1954) is an American jazz guitarist and music critic.\n\n", "Q1771189": "Catharinus Elling (13 September 1858 \u2013 January 1942) was a Norwegian music teacher, organist, music critic and composer. He was also a folk music collector and the author of a number of books.", "Q167979": "Jacqueline Pearce (20 December 1943 \u2013 3 September 2018) was a British film and television actress. Her roles included horror and comedy; she was best known as the villain Servalan in the British science fiction TV series Blake's 7.", "Q108366": "Eldred Gregory Peck (April 5, 1916 \u2013 June 12, 2003) was an American actor. He was one of the most popular film stars from the 1940s to the 1960s. Peck received five nominations for Academy Award for Best Actor and won once \u2013 for his performance as Atticus Finch in the 1962 drama film To Kill a Mockingbird. Peck's other Oscar-nominated roles are in The Keys of the Kingdom (1944), The Yearling (1946), Gentleman's Agreement (1947), and Twelve O'Clock High (1949).\nOther notable films in which he appeared include Spellbound (1945), The Gunfighter (1950), Roman Holiday (1953), Moby Dick (1956, and its 1998 mini-series), The Big Country (1958), The Guns of Navarone (1961), Cape Fear (1962, and its 1991 remake), How the West Was Won (1962), The Omen (1976), and The Boys from Brazil (1978).\nU.S. President Lyndon Johnson honored Peck with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969 for his lifetime humanitarian efforts. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Peck among Greatest Male Stars of Classic Hollywood cinema, ranking him at No. 12.", "Q385950": "Kenkichi Oshima (\u5927\u5cf6 \u938c\u5409, \u014cshima Kenkichi, November 10, 1908 \u2013 March 30, 1985) was a Japanese triple jumper who won a bronze medal at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He was the flag bearer for Japan at the 1936 Games in Berlin.\u014cshima was born in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. While still a student, he set a new unofficial world record for the triple jump, and was widely expected to secure the gold medal in the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics. However, \u014cshima suffered from severe burns in a bathing accident shortly before the start of the Olympics, and was not in the best form for the competition. He finished third with a jump of 15.12 meters behind the teammate Chuhei Nambu who took gold. \u014cshima also participated in the same event in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, but came in sixth place, while teammates Naoto Tajima and Masao Harada took the gold and silver medals, respectively.Fluent in the German language, during the Berlin Olympics, \u014cshima had a 20-minute interview of Adolf Hitler, who apparently mistook \u014cshima for a Japanese military attache of the same surname. \u014cshima asked Hitler many questions on Nazi initiatives to improve on the physical education of German youth.After graduation from Kansai University, \u014cshima was employed by the Mainichi Shimbun, working as a reporter in the sports section of the newspaper until retirement. He then accepted the post of professor emeritus and later vice president of Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, where he undertook reforms of the athletic department to strengthen the Japanese team in preparation for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. He was also an honorary member of the International Olympic Committee and an author of numerous books on sports.", "Q1353861": "Tom A. Hall (born September 2, 1964) is a game designer best known for his work with id Software on titles such as Doom and Commander Keen. He attended the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, where he earned a B.S. in Computer Science.", "Q185724": "Michael John Myers (born May 25, 1963) is a Canadian actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer, and director. He is known for his run as a performer on Saturday Night Live from 1989 to 1995, and for playing the title roles in the Wayne's World, Austin Powers, and Shrek film franchises. He made his directorial debut with the documentary Supermensch: The Legend of Shep Gordon (2013). In 2012 he semi-retired from acting, though he had supporting roles in Terminal and Bohemian Rhapsody (both 2018).", "Q237890": "Roxana Saberi (born April 26, 1977) is an American freelance journalist and former Miss North Dakota pageant winner. In 2009, she was held prisoner in Iran's Evin Prison for 101 days under accusations of espionage. She subsequently wrote a book about the experience.\nOn April 8, 2009, the Iranian government charged Saberi with espionage, which she denied. She was subsequently convicted and sentenced to an eight-year prison term. An appeals court reduced the charge against her from espionage to possessing classified information, a charge which she also denied, and reduced her eight-year prison term to a two-year suspended sentence. She was released on May 11, 2009.\n\n", "Q2437352": "Marianus V (1378 or 1379 \u2013 1407) was the Judge of Arborea from 1387 until his death. His surname was Doria, but since he belonged to the ruling house of Arborea he is often dynastically called Bas-Serra, or Doria-Bas. Younger brother and successor of Frederick, he was a minor upon his succession and was under the tutelage of his mother Eleanor.\nHe was born at Castel Genovese (modern Castelsardo) between 1378 and 1379 to Eleanor and Brancaleone Doria, a Genoese nobleman. In 1383, he was proclaimed judge along with his brother, Frederick of Arborea. In 1387, his brother died under Aragonese captivity and Marianus became sole judge at a time when the Giudicato of Arborea was at war with the Crown of Aragon. On 24 January 1388, Eleanor signed a pact with Aragon which brought peace and safeguarded Marianus' rule.\nOn 16 August 1391, Marianus accompanied his father at the occupation of Sassari and Osilo. Marianus was 14 years old in 1392 when his mother promulgated the Carta de Logu and he was declared of age. He immediately reaffirmed the treaty with Aragon, but the real power at that time lay with Brancaleone. Eleanor died in 1404. He died of bubonic plague three years later without heirs, presenting a succession crisis.", "Q70555": "Sergey is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q302181": "The Crow: City of Angels is a 1996 American supernatural superhero film directed by Tim Pope. It is a sequel to the 1994 film The Crow and the second installment in The Crow film series.\n\n", "Q584815": "L\u00fcbben (Spreewald) (Lower Sorbian: Lubin (B\u0142ota)) is a town of 14,000 people, capital of the Dahme-Spreewald district in the Lower Lusatia region of Brandenburg, Germany.", "Q113020": "Sadiq Jalal Al-Azm (Arabic: \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u200e \u1e62\u0101diq Jal\u0101l al-\u2018A\u1e93m; 1934 \u2013 December 11, 2016) was a Professor Emeritus of Modern European Philosophy at the University of Damascus in Syria and was, until 2007, a visiting professor in the Department of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University. His main area of specialization was the work of German philosopher Immanuel Kant, but he later placed a greater emphasis upon the Islamic world and its relationship to the West, evidenced by his contribution to the discourse of Orientalism. Al-Azm was also known as a human rights advocate and a champion of intellectual freedom and free speech.", "Q645997": "Berczik \u00c1rp\u00e1d (July 8, 1842 in Temesv\u00e1r \u2013 July 16, 1919 in Budapest) was a Hungarian writer.\nHe studied laws and worked for the administration, Kisfaludy T\u00e1rsas\u00e1g (1873) and Borsszem Jank\u00f3. He published his writings in publications such as Pesti Napl\u00f3 (1870\u201372), but he is mainly known for his theatrical plays.", "Q29420": "Rica Imai (\u4eca\u4e95 \u308a\u304b, Imai Rika, born February 29, 1984, in Ageo, Saitama, Japan) is a Japanese model, entertainer, and actress.", "Q78109": "Gerd Bucerius (1906, Hamm, Westphalia \u2013 1995) was a German politician and journalist, one of the founding members of Die Zeit. He is the namesake of the Bucerius Law School in Hamburg and of the Bucerius Kunst Forum, an art gallery.\nBucerius was born in Westphalia, and studied law in Freiburg, Berlin, and Hamburg. Upon completion of his university studies, he was named a judge in Kiel. With the rise to power of the Nazis in 1933, his first wife, a Jew, took refuge in the United Kingdom. Bucerius for his part became a lawyer, defending numerous Jewish clients.\nWith the Allied victory in World War II, Bucerius became a politician and journalist. The British tasked him with the reorganization of the senate in Hamburg; in 1949 he was elected as a deputy to the first post-war Bundestag. A member of the CDU, he retained his seat until 1962. In 1946, with Lovis H. Lorenz, Richard T\u00fcngel, and Ewald Schmidt di Simoni he created Die Zeit, with which they hoped to found a great newspaper for the north of Germany. Even though the emblem of Bremen was placed on its cover by way of a logo, the newspaper's city of origin was Hamburg. Hamburg refused the use of its city arms for the publication, and so those of another nearby municipality were used instead.\nBucerius's villa overlooking Lake Maggiore in Switzerland, the Ebelin Bucerius House, was designed by the modernist architect Richard Neutra, and named for Bucerius's second wife, Ebelin. It was constructed between 1962 and 1966.", "Q499688": "Schnals (German pronunciation: [\u0283nals]; Italian: Senales [se\u02c8na\u02d0les]) is a comune (municipality) in the autonomous province of South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of the city of Bolzano, on the border with Austria. The municipality includes large parts of the Schnalstal.", "Q697609": "Ercole III d'Este (Ercole Rinaldo; 22 November 1727 \u2013 14 October 1803) was Duke of Modena and Reggio from 1780 to 1796. He was a member of the House of Este.", "Q76124": "Johann Karl Heinrich Wuttke (12 February 1818 \u2013 14 June 1876, Leipzig) was a German historian and politician.", "Q4241311": "Peter \"Don Pedro\" Christophersen (May 28, 1845 \u2013 August 19, 1930) was a Norwegian businessman, landowner, and diplomat in Argentina.", "Q266361": "Olivia Jane d'Abo (; born 22 January 1969) is an English-American actress, singer, and songwriter. She is known for her role as Karen Arnold, Kevin Arnold's rebellious teenage hippie sister in the ABC comedy-drama series The Wonder Years (1988\u20131993), and recurring villain Nicole Wallace in Law & Order: Criminal Intent.", "Q463042": "Mary Eaton (January 29, 1901 \u2013 October 10, 1948) was an American stage actress, singer, and dancer in the 1910s and 1920s, probably best known today from her appearance in the first Marx Brothers film The Cocoanuts (1929). A professional performer since childhood, she enjoyed success in stage productions such as the Ziegfeld Follies. She appeared in another early sound film Glorifying the American Girl (1929). Her career declined sharply by the mid-1930s and a battle with alcoholism led to her premature death in 1948 from liver failure.", "Q66337": "Adolf Bernhard Christoph Hilgenfeld (2 June 1823 \u2013 12 January 1907) was a German Protestant theologian.", "Q124854": "Max Zimmering (16 November 1909 \u2013 15 September 1973), was a German writer.", "Q230127": "The 4th arrondissement of Paris (IVe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as quatri\u00e8me.\nThe arrondissement, also known as H\u00f4tel-de-Ville, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine.\nThe 4th arrondissement contains the Renaissance-era Paris City Hall, rebuilt between 1874 and 1882. It also contains the Renaissance square of Place des Vosges, the overtly modern Pompidou Centre, and the lively southern part of the medieval district of Le Marais, which today is known for being the gay district of Paris. (The quieter northern part of Le Marais is within the 3rd arrondissement). The eastern parts of the \u00cele de la Cit\u00e9 (including Notre-Dame de Paris) as well as the \u00cele Saint-Louis are also included within the 4th arrondissement.\nThe 4th arrondissement is known for its little streets, caf\u00e9s, and shops but is often regarded by Parisians as expensive and congested. It is desirable for those wanting old buildings and a mix of many cultures.", "Q6674724": "Lonnie George Johnson (born October 6, 1949) is an American inventor, aerospace engineer, and entrepreneur, whose work history includes a U.S. Air Force term of service and a twelve-year stint at NASA, including the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He invented the Super Soaker water gun in 1990, which has been among the world's bestselling toys ever since.", "Q577745": "Romano Artioli (born 1932) is an Italian entrepreneur and one-time owner of Bugatti and Lotus automobile brands.\nArtioli was born in Moglia in the Province of Mantua, and raised in Bolzano where in the 1980s he ran one of the largest Ferrari dealerships in the world, selling in northern Italy and southern Germany.\nHe also imported Japanese cars, owning Autoexp\u00f2 which in 1982 became the first Italian importer of Suzuki.He had a large collection of Bugatti automobiles,\nand was encouraged by Ferruccio Lamborghini and Paolo Stanzani to establish Bugatti International, a holding company that bought the Bugatti trademark name in 1987 with Jan K Breitfeld as President of the holding.\nArtioli became chairman of Bugatti Automobili S.p.A., which made the Bugatti EB 110 between 1991 and 1995.\nIn 1993, his wife Renata Kettmeir formed the Bolzano-based Ettore Bugatti luxury item maker, also using the Bugatti \"EB\" logo. Their involvement ended in September 1995 due to bankruptcy, and the company was eventually bought by Volkswagen in April 1998. Prior to the sale to Volkswagen, private equity Investor CVC Ventures (a Citibank company) attempted a purchase of Bugatti via UK corporate finance advisor Anglo American Ventures however the \u00a3100m deal failed at due diligence stage.\nArtioli purchased Lotus from General Motors in August 1993 and became its chairman until 1996 when he stepped down to be Special Projects director until 1998. \nHe sold a majority stake to Proton in 1996 to fund his losses due to the insolvency of Bugatti.\nHis daughter Elena Artioli (born 1970) is a politician for the South Tyrolean People's Party and\nLega Nord Alto Adige \u2013 S\u00fcdtirol.\nThe Lotus Elise was named after Romano Artioli's granddaughter Elisa Artioli.", "Q5615846": "Guildford School of Acting (GSA) is a drama school in Guildford, Surrey, England. It is an academic school in the University of Surrey. It is a member of the Federation of Drama Schools.", "Q549873": "Bobby Lee Bell Sr (born June 17, 1940) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker and defensive end for the Kansas City Chiefs. He is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the College Football Hall of Fame, and was a member of the Chiefs' team that won Super Bowl IV against the Minnesota Vikings.", "Q70541": "Croy is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q905982": "Juha Kylm\u00e4nen (born January 20, 1981) is a Finnish vocalist of gothic metal bands For My Pain... and Reflexion.", "Q40482": "Konstantin Konstantinovich (Xaverevich) Rokossovsky (Polish: Konstanty Rokossowski; 21 December 1896 \u2013 3 August 1968) was a Soviet and Polish officer who became Marshal of the Soviet Union, Marshal of Poland, and served as Poland's Defence Minister from 1949 until his removal in 1956 during the Polish October. He was among the most prominent Red Army commanders of World War II.\nBorn in Congress Poland under Russian rule, Rokossovsky served in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I. After the war he joined the Red Army and fought with great distinction during the Russian Civil War. Rokossovsky held senior commands until 1937 when he fell victim to Joseph Stalin's Great Purge, during which he was branded a traitor, imprisoned and tortured.\nAfter Soviet failures in the Winter War, Rokossovsky was reinstated due to an urgent need of experienced officers. Following Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Rokossovsky played key roles in the defense of Moscow and the counter-offensives at Stalingrad and Kursk. He was instrumental in planning and executing part of Operation Bagration\u2014one of the most decisive Red Army successes of the war\u2014for which he was made Marshal of the Soviet Union.\nAfter the war, Rokossovsky became Defence Minister and Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers in the newly established Polish People's Republic. He was dismissed in 1956 when W\u0142adys\u0142aw Gomu\u0142ka became the leader of Poland. Rokossovsky then returned to the Soviet Union, where he lived out the rest of his life until his death in 1968.", "Q207947": "Ralph Vaughan Williams ( (listen); 12 October 1872 \u2013 26 August 1958) was an English composer. His works include operas, ballets, chamber music, secular and religious vocal pieces and orchestral compositions including nine symphonies, written over sixty years. Strongly influenced by Tudor music and English folk-song, his output marked a decisive break in British music from its German-dominated style of the 19th century.\nVaughan Williams was born to a well-to-do family with strong moral views and a progressive social outlook. Throughout his life he sought to be of service to his fellow citizens, and believed in making music as available as possible to everybody. He wrote many works for amateur and student performance. He was musically a late developer, not finding his true voice until his late thirties; his studies in 1907\u20131908 with the French composer Maurice Ravel helped him clarify the textures of his music and free it from Teutonic influences.\nVaughan Williams is among the best-known British symphonists, noted for his very wide range of moods, from stormy and impassioned to tranquil, from mysterious to exuberant. Among the most familiar of his other concert works are Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis (1910) and The Lark Ascending (1914). His vocal works include hymns, folk-song arrangements and large-scale choral pieces. He wrote eight works for stage performance between 1919 and 1951. Although none of his operas became popular repertoire pieces, his ballet Job: A Masque for Dancing (1930) was successful and has been frequently staged.\nTwo episodes made notably deep impressions in Vaughan Williams's personal life. The First World War, in which he served in the army, had a lasting emotional effect. Twenty years later, though in his sixties and devotedly married, he was reinvigorated by a love affair with a much younger woman, who later became his second wife. He went on composing through his seventies and eighties, producing his last symphony months before his death at the age of eighty-five. His works have continued to be a staple of the British concert repertoire, and all his major compositions and many of the minor ones have been recorded.", "Q1297823": "Rafael Joseffy (July 3, 1852 \u2013 June 25, 1915) was a Jewish pianist, teacher and composer.", "Q216692": "Ludvig Holberg, Baron of Holberg (3 December 1684 \u2013 28 January 1754) was a writer, essayist, philosopher, historian and playwright born in Bergen, Norway, during the time of the Dano-Norwegian dual monarchy. He was influenced by Humanism, the Enlightenment and the Baroque. Holberg is considered the founder of modern Danish and Norwegian literature. He is best known for the comedies he wrote in 1722\u20131723 for the Lille Gr\u00f8nnegade Theatre in Copenhagen. Holberg's works about natural and common law were widely read by many Danish law students over two hundred years, from 1736 to 1936.", "Q60752": "Edward Lasker (December 3, 1885 \u2013 March 25, 1981) was a German-American chess and Go player. He was awarded the title of International Master of chess by FIDE. Lasker was an engineer by profession, and an author of books on Go, chess and checkers. Born in Germany, he emigrated to the United States in 1914. He was distantly related to Chess World Champion Emanuel Lasker.", "Q719024": "Jos\u00e9 Augusto Soares Ribeiro de Castro (Valhelhas, 7 April 1868 \u2013 31 July 1929; Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8z\u025b d\u0268 \u02c8ka\u0283t\u027eu], was a Portuguese lawyer, journalist and politician. He graduated in Law at the University of Coimbra, and was a lawyer in Lisbon and Guarda. A member of freemasonry, he was originally a monarchist and a member of the liberal Progressive Party, but he joined the Portuguese Republican Party, in 1881. He was the main redactor of the newspaper O Districto da Guarda, since its foundation in 1878, and the founder of the first republican newspaper of the province, O Povo Portugu\u00eas, in 1882. During the Portuguese First Republic, he remained in the Republican Party. He was President of the Ministry (Prime Minister), after the failed attempt of general Joaquim Pimenta de Castro to rule without the parliament, and was in office, from 17 May to 29 November 1915.", "Q539358": "Yury Valentinovich Lonchakov (Russian: \u042e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432; born 4 March 1965) is a Russian former cosmonaut and a veteran of three space missions. He has spent 200 days in space and has conducted two career spacewalks.\n\n", "Q453195": "The film Old Shatterhand (known as Apaches' Last Battle in the UK) is a very successful Eurowestern based on the character Old Shatterhand invented by German novelist Karl May. It is a West German CCC Film production co-produced with French, Italian, and Yugoslav companies and filmed in 70mm. Financed with roughly DM5,000,000, the film was the most expensive Karl May western. Composer Riz Ortolani used a chorus for his film score.\nIt was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin and on locationin Croatia including at the Plitvice Lakes National Park. The film's sets were designed by the art director Otto Pischinger.", "Q66323": "Maisprach is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q102139": "Margrethe II (pronounced [ma\u02c8k\u0281e\u02c0t\u0259]; full name: Margrethe Alexandrine \u00de\u00f3rhildur Ingrid; born 16 April 1940) is Queen of Denmark, as well as the supreme authority of the Church of Denmark and commander-in-chief of the Danish Defence. Born into the House of Gl\u00fccksburg, a royal house with origins in northern Germany, she was the eldest child of Frederick IX of Denmark and Ingrid of Sweden. She became heir presumptive to her father in 1953, when a constitutional amendment allowed women to inherit the throne.\nMargrethe succeeded her father upon his death on 14 January 1972. On her accession, she became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margrethe I, ruler of the Scandinavian kingdoms in 1375\u20131412 during the Kalmar Union. In 1967, she married Henri de Laborde de Monpezat, with whom she had two sons: Crown Prince Frederik and Prince Joachim.", "Q282781": "Elite Squad (Portuguese: Tropa de Elite, pronounced [\u02c8t\u027e\u0254p\u0250 d\u0292i e\u02c8lit\u0283i] lit.\u2009'\"Elite Troop\"') is a 2007 Brazilian crime film directed by Jos\u00e9 Padilha. The film is a semi-fictional account of the Batalh\u00e3o de Opera\u00e7\u00f5es Policiais Especiais (BOPE), the Special Police Operations Battalion of the Rio de Janeiro Military Police, analogous to the American SWAT teams. It is the second feature film and first fiction film of Padilha, who had previously directed the documentary Bus 174. The script was written by Br\u00e1ulio Mantovani (City of God) and Padilha, based on the book Elite da Tropa by sociologist Luiz Eduardo Soares and two former BOPE captains, Andr\u00e9 Batista and Rodrigo Pimentel.\nElite Squad was an overwhelming critical and commercial success and became a cultural phenomenon in Brazil. The film won the Golden Bear at the 2008 Berlin Film Festival. Its sequel, Elite Squad: The Enemy Within, released in Brazil on October 8, 2010, holds industry records in the country for ticket sales and gross revenue.\n\n", "Q188214": "Mary Therese Winifred Robinson (Irish: M\u00e1ire Bean Mhic R\u00f3ib\u00edn; n\u00e9e Bourke; born 21 May 1944) is an Irish Independent politician who served as the seventh President of Ireland from December 1990 to September 1997, becoming the first woman to hold this office. She also served as United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997 to 2002 and a Senator for the University of Dublin from 1969 to 1989. She first rose to prominence as an academic, barrister and campaigner. She defeated Fianna F\u00e1il's Brian Lenihan and Fine Gael's Austin Currie in the 1990 presidential election, becoming the first Independent candidate nominated by the Labour Party, the Workers' Party and Independent Senators. She was the first elected President in the office's history not to have had the support of Fianna F\u00e1il.She is widely regarded as a transformative figure for Ireland, and for the Irish presidency, revitalising and liberalising a previously conservative, low-profile political office. She resigned the presidency two months ahead of the end of her term of office to take up her post in the United Nations. During her UN tenure she visited Tibet (1998), the first High Commissioner to do so; she criticised Ireland's immigrant policy; and criticised the use of capital punishment in the United States. She extended her intended single four-year term by a year to preside over the World Conference against Racism 2001 in Durban, South Africa; the conference proved controversial. Under continuing pressure from the United States, Robinson resigned her post in September 2002.\nAfter leaving the United Nations in 2002, Robinson formed Realizing Rights: the Ethical Globalization Initiative, which came to a planned end at the end of 2010. Its core activities were 1) fostering equitable trade and decent work, 2) promoting the right to health and more humane migration policies, and 3) working to strengthen women's leadership and encourage corporate social responsibility. The organisation also supported capacity building and good governance in developing countries. Robinson returned to live in Ireland at the end of 2010, and has set up The Mary Robinson Foundation \u2013 Climate Justice, which aims to be 'a centre for thought leadership, education and advocacy on the struggle to secure global justice for those many victims of climate change who are usually forgotten \u2013 the poor, the disempowered and the marginalised across the world.'\nRobinson is Chairman of the Institute for Human Rights and Business and served as Chancellor of the University of Dublin from 1998 until 2019. Robinson also visits other colleges and universities where she lectures on human rights. Robinson sits on the board of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, an organisation which supports good governance and great leadership in Africa, and is a member of the Foundation's Ibrahim Prize Committee. Robinson is also a B Team Leader, alongside Richard Branson, Jochen Zeitz and a group of leaders from business and civil society as part of The B Team. Robinson is an Extraordinary Professor in the Centre for Human Rights and the Centre for Sexualities, AIDS and Gender at the University of Pretoria. Robinson served as Oxfam's honorary president from 2002 until she stepped down in 2012 and is honorary president of the European Inter-University Centre for Human Rights and Democratisation EIUC since 2005. She is Chair of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) and is also a founding member and chair of the Council of Women World Leaders. Robinson was a member of the European members of the Trilateral Commission.\nIn 2004, she received Amnesty International's Ambassador of Conscience Award for her work in promoting human rights.", "Q435210": "Massimo Antonio Boldi (born July 23, 1945) is an Italian stand-up comedian and actor.", "Q708129": "MJ Cole (born Matthew James Firth Coleman, 9 August 1973) is an English DJ, record producer, musician and remixer.", "Q204296": "Air New Zealand Limited is the flag carrier airline of New Zealand. Based in Auckland, the airline operates scheduled passenger flights to 20 domestic and 32 international destinations in 20 countries, primarily around and within the Pacific Rim. The airline has been a member of the Star Alliance since 1999.Air New Zealand originated in 1940 as Tasman Empire Airways Limited (TEAL), a company operating trans-Tasman flights between New Zealand and Australia. TEAL became wholly owned by the New Zealand government in 1965, whereupon it was renamed Air New Zealand. The airline served international routes until 1978, when the government merged it and the domestic New Zealand National Airways Corporation (NAC) into a single airline under the Air New Zealand name. Air New Zealand was privatised in 1989, but returned to majority government ownership in 2001 after near bankruptcy due to a failed tie up with Australian carrier Ansett Australia. In the 2017 financial year to June, Air New Zealand carried 15.95 million passengers.Air New Zealand's route network focuses on Australasia and the South Pacific, with long-haul flight services to eastern Asia, the Americas and the United Kingdom. It was the last airline to circumnavigate the world with flights to London's Heathrow Airport via both Los Angeles and via Hong Kong. The latter ended in March 2013 when Air New Zealand stopped Hong Kong \u2013 London flights, in favour of a codeshare agreement with Cathay Pacific. The airline's main hub is Auckland Airport, located near Mangere in the southern part of the Auckland urban area. Air New Zealand is headquartered in a building called \"The Hub\", located 20 km (12 mi) from Auckland Airport, in Auckland's Wynyard Quarter.Air New Zealand currently operates a fleet of Airbus A320, Airbus A320neo family, Boeing 777, and Boeing 787 jet aircraft, as well as a regional fleet of ATR 72 and Bombardier Q300 turboprop aircraft. Air New Zealand was awarded Airline of the Year in 2010 and 2012 by the Air Transport World Global Airline Awards. In 2014, Air New Zealand was ranked the safest airline in the world by JACDEC.", "Q436719": "Daniel Patrick Macnee (6 February 1922 \u2013 25 June 2015) was a British-American film and television actor. He played the role of secret agent John Steed in the British television series The Avengers.", "Q193152": "Great Moravia (Latin: Regnum Marahensium; Greek: \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u039c\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1, Megh\u00e1l\u012b Morav\u00eda; Czech: Velk\u00e1 Morava [\u02c8v\u025blka\u02d0 \u02c8morava]; Slovak: Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Morava [\u02c8v\u025b\u028eka\u02d0 \u02c8m\u0254rava]; Polish: Wielkie Morawy), the Great Moravian Empire, or simply Moravia, was the first major state that was predominantly West Slavic to emerge in the area of Central Europe, chiefly on what is now the territory of Czechia, Slovakia, Poland (including Silesia), Hungary, and perhaps Serbia (Vojvodina). The only formation preceding it in these territories was Samo's Empire known from between 631 and 658 AD. Great Moravia was thus the first joint state of the Slavic tribes that became later known as Czechs and Slovaks and that later formed Czechoslovakia.\nIts core territory is the region now called Moravia in the eastern part of Czechia alongside the Morava River, which gave its name to the kingdom. The kingdom saw the rise of the first ever Slavic literary culture in the Old Church Slavonic language as well as the expansion of Christianity after the arrival of St. Cyril and St. Methodius in 863 and the creation of the Glagolitic alphabet, the first alphabet dedicated to a Slavic language. Glagolitic was subsequently replaced by a simpler Cyrillic. The Cyrillo-Methodian cultural mission had significant impact on most Slavic languages and stood at the beginning of the modern Cyrillic alphabet.\nMoravia reached its largest territorial extent under the earl Sv\u00e4topluk I (Svatopluk in Czech), who ruled from 870 to 894. Although the borders of his empire cannot be exactly determined, he controlled the core territories of Moravia as well as other neighbouring regions, including Bohemia, most of Slovakia and parts of Slovenia, Hungary, Poland and Ukraine, for some periods of his reign. Separatism and internal conflicts emerging after Sv\u00e4topluk's death contributed to the fall of Great Moravia, which was overrun by the Hungarians who then included the territory of the now Slovakia in their domains. The exact date of Moravia's collapse is unknown, but it occurred between 902 and 907.\nMoravia experienced significant cultural development under King Rastislav, with the arrival in 863 of the mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius. After his request for missionaries had been refused in Rome, Rastislav asked the Byzantine emperor to send a \"teacher\" (u\u010dite\u013e) to introduce literacy and a legal system (prav\u044cda) to Great Moravia. The request was granted. The missionary brothers Cyril and Methodius introduced a system of writing (the Glagolitic alphabet) and Slavonic liturgy, the latter eventually formally approved by Pope Adrian II. The Glagolitic script was probably invented by Cyril himself and the language he used for his translations of holy scripts and his original literary creation was based on the Slavic dialect he and his brother Methodius knew from their native Thessaloniki. The language, termed Old Church Slavonic, was the direct ancestral language for Bulgarian, and therefore also referred to as Old Bulgarian. Old Church Slavonic, therefore, differed somewhat from the local Slavic dialect of Great Moravia which was the ancestral idiom to the later dialects spoken in Moravia and western Slovakia.\nLater, the disciples of Cyril and Methodius were expelled from Great Moravia by King Sv\u00e4topluk I, who re-orientated the Empire to Western Christianity. Nevertheless, the expulsion had a significant impact on countries where the disciples settled and from there continued their evangelizing missions - especially Southeastern Europe, firstly Bulgaria, and later Eastern Europe. Arriving in the First Bulgarian Empire, the disciples continued the Cyrilo-Methodian mission and the Glagolitic script was substituted by Cyrillic which used some of its letters. Early Cyrillic alphabet was developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School. The Cyrillic script and translations of the liturgy were disseminated to other Slavic countries, particularly in the Balkans and Kievan Rus', charting a new path in these Slavic nations' cultural development and establishing the Cyrillic alphabets as they are now known in Bulgaria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mongolia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine.\nCyril and Methodius were declared co-patrons of Europe by Pope John Paul II in 1980.", "Q168486": "Lauren Diane Bennett (born 23 June 1989) is an English singer, dancer, and model. She is best known as a member of the girl group G.R.L.. She is also known for her work with the Paradiso Girls, CeeLo Green, Robin Antin of the Pussycat Dolls, and most notably with LMFAO, where she was featured on the 2011 summer hit \"Party Rock Anthem,\" achieving her first number one single in the United Kingdom and United States.", "Q99491": "Alena Wagnerov\u00e1 (born 18 May 1936) is a Czech author and journalist writing in both Czech and German.She was born in Brno and studied biology at Masaryk University. Wagnerov\u00e1 went on to study teaching, theatre, German and comparative literature. She taught at the D\u016fm pion\u00fdr\u016f in Brno, then was head of the Veterinary Faculty laboratory at the Agricultural University and later was a playwright at the Divadlo Julia Fu\u010d\u00edka. From 1968 to 1969, she was editor of Studentsk\u00e9 listy. She went to Germany in 1969 and was married there. Wagnerov\u00e1 also worked on the Pam\u011b\u0165 \u017een (Women's Memories) project in Prague.She has written about German authors from Prague such as Franz Kafka and Milena Jesensk\u00e1 and Bohemian cultural figures such as Sidonie N\u00e1dhern\u00e1 von Borut\u00edn. In both her fiction and non-fiction, she explores issues such as the status of women and Czech-German relations.", "Q87877": "Therese Krones (7 October 1801 \u2013 28 December 1830) was an Austrian actress of much ability and grace in comic parts. She was born at Freudenthal of parents who were engaged in the theatrical business.\nAfter several provincial tours she appeared at the Leopoldst\u00e4dter Theater in Vienna, where she played with Ferdinand Raimund, who greatly influenced her technique.\nIn 1827, she retired from the stage for a time, being unjustly accused of complicity in the murder of Johann Conrad Blank by Severin von Jaroszynski. She wrote several plays: Sylphide, das See-Fr\u00e4ulein (1828), Der Branntweinbrenner und der Nebelgeist (1829), and Kleopatra (1830).\nKrones died in Vienna after a short but serious illness, aged only 29. She was buried at the St. Marx Cemetery, but in 1930 was exhumed and reburied in an honorary grave in the Vienna Zentralfriedhof.", "Q744337": "Lloyd Estel Copas (July 15, 1913 \u2013 March 5, 1963), known by his stage name Cowboy Copas, was an American country music singer popular from the 1940s until his death in the 1963 plane crash that also killed country stars Patsy Cline and Hawkshaw Hawkins. He was a member of the Grand Ole Opry.", "Q107041": "Marianne Beuchert (29 May 1924 in Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen \u2013 9 February 2007 in Frankfurt am Main) was a Frankfurt florist, gardener and writer.\nShe is mainly noted for her work on Chinese Garden Art. Her publications include Die G\u00e4rten Chinas (1998), Symbolik der Pflanzen (1995) and G\u00e4rten am Reiseweg \u2212 Von Irland bis Portugal (1997). the latter were listed amongst the top five gardening books by the German Horticultural Society (Deutsche Gartenbau-Gesellschaft). She was a frequent contributor to the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.\n\nShe ran a plant store in Frankfurt called Blumen-Beuchert on the Rathenauplatz, and was active in the work of the Palmengarten, where she served as a member of the Board of Trustees (Mitglied des Kuratoriums f\u00fcr den Erhalt des historischen Palmenhauses).\nWhen she died in 2007 she bequeathed her estate in Preungesheim with its collection of plants, to the Palmengarten, however it has since been destroyed for housing.", "Q378639": "Giovannino Oliviero Giuseppe Guareschi (Italian: [d\u0292ovan\u02c8ni\u02d0no \u0261wa\u02c8reski]; 1 May 1908 \u2013 22 July 1968) was an Italian journalist, cartoonist and humorist whose best known creation is the priest Don Camillo.\n\n", "Q255967": "Anna Lena Elisabet Nyman (23 May 1944 \u2013 4 February 2011) was a Swedish film and stage actress.\nHaving had her first film roles in 1955, Nyman had a role in Vilgot Sj\u00f6man's 491 (1964) and got her breakthrough in his I Am Curious (Yellow) (1967), where she, in pseudo-documentary fashion, played a character of the same name as herself, and its sequel I Am Curious (Blue) (1968). She later participated in many of the films and stage productions of Hans Alfredson and Tage Danielsson, such as Release the Prisoners to Spring (1975) and The Adventures of Picasso (1978). Nyman co-starred with Ingrid Bergman and Liv Ullmann in Ingmar Bergman's Autumn Sonata (1978).\nIn 2004, Nyman received the royal medal Litteris et Artibus, and in 2006 she was the recipient of the Eugene O'Neill Award.Nyman died on 4 February 2011, aged 66, after a long battle with several illnesses including cancer, COPD and Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9", "Q117252": "Monique Laederach (May 16, 1938 \u2013 March 17, 2004) was a Swiss writer and translator.The daughter of Jean-Rodolphe Laederach and Hilde Maeder, she was born in Les Brenets and studied music in Vienna, going on to pursue the study of literature at the University of Lausanne and the University of Neuch\u00e2tel. During this time, she also taught German. She published poems, novels, radio plays, plays for the theatre and literary criticism. Laederach also translated works by German-language writers such as Kafka, Rilke, Erika Burkart and Adolf Muschg into French.From 1961 to 1973, she was married to the Swiss writer Jean-Pierre Monnier.Laederach participated in literary conferences in Great Britain, Scandinavia, the United States, Canada and Mexico. She was a member of the Gruppe Olten.A complete collection of her poems was published in 2003. She received the Prix Schiller in 1977, 1982 and 2000.Laederach died in Peseux at the age of 65.", "Q440857": "Alena \"\u00c1ja\" Vrz\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e1 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8al\u025bna \u02c8a\u02d0ja \u02c8vr\u0329za\u02d0\u0272ova\u02d0], also Zanov\u00e1, married name: Steindler; 16 May 1931 \u2013 30 July 2015) was a Czech figure skater who represented Czechoslovakia in competition. Vrz\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e1 is the 1949 & 1950 World champion and 1950 European champion.", "Q64534": "Friedrich Christiansen (12 December 1879 \u2013 3 December 1972) was the commander of the German Wehrmacht in the occupied Netherlands during World War II. He was convicted for war crimes after the war. During World War I, he was a flying ace who claimed shooting down twenty planes and an airship; he was credited with thirteen of those claims.\n\n", "Q446598": "Dannie N. Heineman (23 November 1872 \u2013 31 January 1962) was a Belgian-American engineer and businessman. He was the managing director and controlling shareholder of the Belgian industrial multinational Sofina. He was a prolific sponsor of science especially through Heineman Foundation in medical sciences and awards in mathematical physics and astrophysics.\nIn 1939, while living in Belgium, Dannie Heineman managed to get the Luxembourg government to open its closed borders and admit approximately 100 Jewish families from Germany. The persuasive argument was that hotels in Luxembourg were empty and he would pay for the rooms and give the Jews an allowance, and they would not be working and taking jobs away from Luxembourg workers. This arrangement worked until 10 May 1940 when Hitler invaded. At that point his assistant Mr. Schmidt made a final six months payment to the families. Among the families was the physicist Ernst Ising who survived the war.", "Q91973": "Wolfgang G\u00f6nnenwein (29 January 1933 \u2013 26 July 2015) was a German conductor and an academic teacher.\n\n", "Q25568": "Louis John Barletta (born January 28, 1956) is an American politician and businessman who served as the U.S. Representative for Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as Mayor of Hazleton, Pennsylvania from 1999 to 2010. As Mayor, he came to prominence due to a high-profile anti-immigration ordinance that spurred legal challenges and was later found unconstitutional. The legal fees related to defending the ordinance contributed to making the city financially distressed, and it no longer enforces the ordinance.Barletta was the Republican nominee in the 2018 U.S. Senate election in Pennsylvania, losing to incumbent Democrat Bob Casey Jr. by a 13-point margin.\n\n", "Q62623": "The Kalmar Union (Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish: Kalmarunionen; Latin: Unio Calmariensis) was a personal union in Scandinavia that from 1397 to 1523 joined under a single monarch of the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden (then including most of Finland), and Norway, together with Norway's overseas dependencies (then including Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the Northern Isles). The union was not quite continuous; there were several short interruptions. Legally, the countries remained separate sovereign states, but with their domestic and foreign policies being directed by a common monarch. Gustav's election as King on 6 June 1523 and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union.", "Q553181": "Daniel Cudmore (born January 20, 1981) is a Canadian actor and stuntman. He is perhaps best known for his roles as the superhero Peter Rasputin / Colossus in the X-Men film series, and as the Volturi Felix in The Twilight Saga film series.", "Q106439": "Stine Andresen (n\u00e9e J\u00fcrgens) (1849\u20131927) was a German poet from the North Frisian island of F\u00f6hr. Her lyrics often refer to her native island. In addition to poems in German, she also wrote some poetry in Fering North Frisian.\n\n", "Q66445": "Admiral Eduard von Capelle (10 October 1855 \u2013 23 February 1931) was a German Imperial Navy officer from Celle. He served in the navy from 1872 until his retirement in October, 1918. During his career, Capelle served in the Reichsmarineamt (Imperial Navy Office), where he was primarily responsible for writing the Fleet Laws that funded the expansion of the High Seas Fleet. By the time he retired, Capelle had risen to the rank of admiral, and had served at the post of state secretary for the Reichsmarineamt. From this post, he oversaw the German naval war during the latter three years of World War I. Capelle retired to Wiesbaden, where he died on 23 February 1931.", "Q11815": "James Monroe (; April 28, 1758 \u2013 July 4, 1831) was an American statesman, lawyer, diplomat and Founding Father who served as the fifth president of the United States from 1817 to 1825. A member of the Democratic-Republican Party, Monroe was the last president of the Virginia dynasty; his presidency coincided with the Era of Good Feelings. He is perhaps best known for issuing the Monroe Doctrine, a policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas. He also served as the governor of Virginia, a member of the United States Senate, the U.S. ambassador to France and Britain, the seventh Secretary of State, and the eighth Secretary of War.\nBorn into a planter family in Westmoreland County, Virginia, Monroe served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. After studying law under Thomas Jefferson from 1780 to 1783, he served as a delegate in the Continental Congress. As a delegate to the Virginia Ratifying Convention, Monroe opposed the ratification of the United States Constitution. In 1790, he won election to the Senate, where he became a leader of the Democratic-Republican Party. He left the Senate in 1794 to serve as President George Washington's ambassador to France, but was recalled by Washington in 1796. Monroe won election as Governor of Virginia in 1799 and strongly supported Jefferson's candidacy in the 1800 presidential election.\nAs President Jefferson's special envoy, Monroe helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase, through which the United States nearly doubled in size. Monroe fell out with his longtime friend James Madison after Madison rejected the Monroe\u2013Pinkney Treaty that Monroe negotiated with Britain. He unsuccessfully challenged Madison in the 1808 presidential election, but in April 1811 he joined Madison's administration as Secretary of State. During the later stages of the War of 1812, Monroe simultaneously served as Madison's Secretary of State and Secretary of War. His wartime leadership established him as Madison's heir apparent, and he easily defeated Federalist Party candidate Rufus King in the 1816 presidential election.\nMonroe's presidency was coterminous with the Era of Good Feelings, as the Federalist Party collapsed as a national political force. As president, Monroe signed the Missouri Compromise, which admitted Missouri as a slave state and banned slavery from territories north of the parallel 36\u00b030\u2032 north. In foreign affairs, Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams favored a policy of conciliation with Britain and a policy of expansionism against the Spanish Empire. In the 1819 Adams\u2013On\u00eds Treaty with Spain, the United States secured Florida and established its western border with New Spain. In 1823, Monroe announced the United States' opposition to any European intervention in the recently independent countries of the Americas with the Monroe Doctrine, which became a landmark in American foreign policy. Monroe was a member of the American Colonization Society, which supported the colonization of Africa by freed slaves, and Liberia's capital of Monrovia is named in his honor. Following his retirement in 1825, Monroe was plagued by financial difficulties, and died on July 4, 1831 in New York City. He has been generally ranked as an above-average president by historians.", "Q46795": "Wangar\u0129 Muta Maathai (; 1 April 1940 \u2013 25 September 2011) was a renowned Kenyan social, environmental and political activist and the first African woman to win the Nobel Prize. She was educated in the United States at Mount St. Scholastica (Benedictine College) and the University of Pittsburgh, as well as the University of Nairobi in Kenya.\nIn 1977, Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement, an environmental non-governmental organization focused on the planting of trees, environmental conservation, and women's rights. In 1984, she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for \"converting the Kenyan ecological debate into mass action for reforestation.\" Maathai was an elected member of Parliament and served as assistant minister for Environment and Natural resources in the government of President Mwai Kibaki between January 2003 and November 2005. She was an Honorary Councillor of the World Future Council. She was affiliated to professional bodies and received several awards. On Sunday, 25 September 2011, Maathai died of complications from ovarian cancer.", "Q1108605": "Wang Tianpu (Chinese: \u738b\u5929\u666e; born 1962), is a Chinese chemical engineer and CEO. He was the former president of Sinopec, one of the three largest state-owned oil companies in China. On April 27, 2015, Wang was placed under investigation by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Chinese Communist Party's anti-corruption agency. He expelled from the Communist Party on September 18, 2015. Two years later, he was sentenced to 15 years and 6 months in prison for graft.", "Q105130": "Hans B\u00f6ckler (26 February 1875 \u2013 16 February 1951) was a German politician and trade union leader. He was the most influential re-founder of the unions in post-war Germany and became the first president of the German Trade Union Confederation.\n\n", "Q1900355": "Mark William Pocan (; born August 14, 1964) is an American politician and businessman serving as the U.S. Representative for Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district since 2013. The district is based in the state capital, Madison. A member of the Democratic Party, Pocan serves as Co-Chair of both the Congressional Progressive Caucus and the Congressional LGBT Equality Caucus. From 1999 to 2013 he served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 78th district, succeeding Tammy Baldwin there, whom he also replaced in Congress when Baldwin was elected to the Senate.", "Q1523677": "Gigi Ballista (1 December 1918 \u2013 2 August 1980) was an Italian film and television actor. He appeared in 60 films between 1961 and 1980.", "Q123849": "Jane Seymour, OBE (born Joyce Penelope Wilhelmina Frankenberg; 15 February 1951), is a British-American actress, best known for her performances in the James Bond film Live and Let Die (1973); Somewhere in Time (1980); East of Eden (1981); The Scarlet Pimpernel (1982 film); Onassis: The Richest Man in the World (1988); War and Remembrance (1988); the French epic La R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise (1989) as the ill-fated queen Marie Antoinette; Wedding Crashers (2005); and the American television series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman (1993\u20131998). She has earned an Emmy Award, two Golden Globe Awards and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2000, she was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.", "Q77548": "Johann Georg von Hahn (11 July 1811 \u2013 23 September 1869) was an Austrian diplomat, philologist and specialist in Albanian history, language and culture.\nHahn was born in Frankfurt am Main. In 1847, he was named Austrian consul in Ioannina, today in Greece. He was transferred to the Hellenic Kingdom on the island of Syros in 1851, and from 1869 was the consul-general in Athens. He is considered the founder of Albanian studies. He assembled and published source materials on Albanian language and culture.\nHis published works:\n\nAlbanesische Studien. 3 vols. Jena: F. Mauko, 1854; Vienna: Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1853 (reprint Dion.Karavias, Athen 1981)\nReise von Belgrad nach Salonik. Vienna: K. K. Consul f\u00fcr \u00f6stliche Griechenland, 1861.\nGriechische und albanesische M\u00e4rchen. 2 vols. Leipzig: 1864; Munich/Berlin 1918 \u2013 as ebook and several Google Books scans at archive.org\nReise durch die Gebiete von Drin und Wardar. Vienna: 1867.\nContes populaires grecs Free Google eBook (1879). A.-F. H\u00f8st, ed.Books about him:\n\nGerhard Grimm, \"Johann Georg von Hahn (1811-1869) - Leben und Werk\", Wiesbaden 1964", "Q2273039": "Artemy Lebedev (born 13 February 1975, Moscow) is a Russian designer and businessman. He is the founder of the design company Art. Lebedev Studio. He is also an avid blogger, known for his rather provocative views and frequent usage of obscene language.Lebedev is the son of the writer and public intellectual Tatyana Tolstaya and a member of the Russian aristocratic Tolstoy family. After one year of studies at Parkville High School, he returned to Moscow, where he graduated from Moscow State School 57. He enrolled at Moscow State University, but dropped out during his second year. He spent the following years working for a few design studios until 1995 when he founded his own company Art. Lebedev Studio, which is known outside of Russia for creating products like Optimus Maximus keyboard.According to The Best Travelled Master List, Lebedev is one of the very few people in the world and the only Russian who has travelled to each of the 193 countries of the World.", "Q239117": "\u00c1ngeles Caso (born 16 July 1959 in Gij\u00f3n) is a Spanish journalist, translator and writer. She is a recipient of the Premio Planeta de Novela.\nHer father, Jos\u00e9 Miguel Caso Gonz\u00e1lez, was a professor and vice-chancellor at the Faculty of Philology of the University of Oviedo. She studied History and Geography, but she worked later as a journalist in Panorama regional. She also worked for the Prince of Asturias Foundation or the Institute Feijoo of 18th century studies at the University of Oviedo and in different media like Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola, Cadena SER and Radio Nacional de Espa\u00f1a.\n\n", "Q57698": "Bernhard Rust (30 September 1883 \u2013 8 May 1945) was Minister of Science, Education and National Culture (Reichserziehungsminister) in Nazi Germany. A combination of school administrator and zealous Nazi, he issued decrees, often bizarre, at every level of the German educational system to immerse German youth in the National Socialist philosophy.", "Q145514": "Wanessa God\u00f3i Camargo Buaiz (born 28 December 1982), commonly known as Wanessa Camargo, is a Brazilian singer and songwriter.She is the daughter of Brazilian sertanejo singer Zez\u00e9 Di Camargo from the duo Zez\u00e9 Di Camargo & Luciano and of the businesswoman Zil\u00fa God\u00f3i.", "Q191023": "Dylan Marlais Thomas (27 October 1914 \u2013 9 November 1953) was a Welsh poet and writer whose works include the poems \"Do not go gentle into that good night\" and \"And death shall have no dominion\"; the \"play for voices\" Under Milk Wood; and stories and radio broadcasts such as A Child's Christmas in Wales and Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog. He became widely popular in his lifetime and remained so after his premature death at the age of 39 in New York City. By then he had acquired a reputation, which he had encouraged, as a \"roistering, drunken and doomed poet\".Thomas was born in Swansea, Wales, in 1914. An undistinguished pupil, he left school at 16 and became a journalist for a short time. Many of his works appeared in print while he was still a teenager, and the publication in 1934 of \"Light breaks where no sun shines\" caught the attention of the literary world. While living in London, Thomas met Caitlin Macnamara, whom he married in 1937. In 1938, they moved to the Welsh fishing village of Laugharne where from 1949 they settled permanently and brought up their three children.\nThomas came to be appreciated as a popular poet during his lifetime, though he found earning a living as a writer difficult. He began augmenting his income with reading tours and radio broadcasts. His radio recordings for the BBC during the late 1940s brought him to the public's attention, and he was frequently used by the BBC as an accessible voice of the literary scene.\nThomas first travelled to the United States in the 1950s. His readings there brought him a degree of fame, while his erratic behaviour and drinking worsened. His time in America cemented his legend, however, and he went on to record to vinyl such works as A Child's Christmas in Wales. During his fourth trip to New York in 1953, Thomas became gravely ill and fell into a coma, from which he never recovered. He died on 9 November 1953. His body was returned to Wales, where he was interred at the churchyard of St Martin's in Laugharne on 25 November 1953.\nAlthough Thomas wrote exclusively in the English language, he has been acknowledged as one of the most important Welsh poets of the 20th century. He is noted for his original, rhythmic and ingenious use of words and imagery. His position as one of the great modern poets has been much discussed, and he remains popular with the public.", "Q1072803": "Defstar Records, Inc. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30c7\u30d5\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30ba, Kabushiki-gaisha Defusut\u0101 Rek\u014dzu, stylized as DefSTAR Records) was a Japanese record label, a subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.", "Q68468": "Otto Sander (30 June 1941 \u2013 12 September 2013) was a German film, theater, and voice actor.", "Q2910416": "Izi Dorot (1916\u20131980), born Isidore Roth, was an Israeli military official, and director of the Shabak between 1952 and 1953 and a Deputy Director of the Mossad between 1953 and 1963.\nBorn in Poland in 1916, Dorot immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine in 1936, and served in the Jewish Settlement Police. In World War II he volunteered and served in the British Army. After his discharge he was recruited to the Haganah Intelligence Service. Subsequent to the Israeli War of Independence he was transferred to the Israel Security Agency (ISA, Shin Bet). After one year as Head of Shin Bet, in October 1953, Dorot followed Isser Harel to the Mossad as Deputy Director; he was replaced as Director of Shin Bet by Amos Manor. He served as deputy director of the Mossad until 1963.\n\n", "Q390391": "Bessel Kok (born 13 December 1941 in Hilversum) is a Dutch businessman and chess organiser living in Prague. He has served in top management positions in telecommunications companies in Belgium (Belgacom) and in the Czech Republic. He was also President of the Belgian-based Banking communications company SWIFT and responsible for SWIFT's sponsorship of several major International chess events.\nKok was the Chairman of World Chess Grandmaster Association from 1985 until 1991, and helped to establish the 2002 Prague Agreement concerning the World Chess Championship.\nKok is also active in the arts. He was the producer of the film The Power of Good: Nicholas Winton about British businessman Nicholas Winton who rescued children from the Nazis. The film won an Emmy Award in 2002.\nKok ran a campaign for presidency of the World Chess Federation against the incumbent Kirsan Ilyumzhinov in 2006. The election was held in June, 2006 in Torino, Italy during the World Chess Olympiad and Kok lost 54-96 to Ilyumzhinov.\nAs of 2013 Bessel Kok was an Executive Chairman of the pro cycling team Omega Pharma Quick-Step. He is also Chairman of the related Bakala Academy, a center for sport development.", "Q578853": "Story of the Year is an American rock band formed in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1995 under the name 67 North. The band eventually changed their name to Big Blue Monkey in 1998, and then subsequently changed it again to Story of the Year in 2002 after the release of their EP titled Story of the Year on the indie label Criterion Records, after they realized a blues group of the name Big Blue Monkey had already existed.\nIt would not be until three years after forming that Story of the Year saw its first piece of commercial success in its major label debut, Page Avenue, containing the popular singles \"Until the Day I Die\" and \"Anthem of Our Dying Day\". A second album, In the Wake of Determination, followed in 2005, but did not achieve the commercial success of its predecessor. The band released their third album, The Black Swan, on April 22, 2008, which was their first release on Epitaph Records, followed by 2010's The Constant.\nOn August 11, 2017, Story of the Year teased a 90-second clip of a new song off their crowd-funded fifth studio album. The pledge campaign began in November 2016 and was completely funded in less than 3 days. The band used high-profile producer Aaron Sprinkle and mixers Tom Lord Alge & J Hall to complete their fifth studio album. They confirmed via the pledge site that the new album will be titled Wolves, which was released on PledgeMusic on December 1, 2017. The album's wide release was on December 8, 2017. On February 2, 2019 Story of the year had their annual hometown show at the Pageant in St. Louis. Missouri for their new album Wolves.\n\n", "Q57317": "Karl Rahner (5 March 1904 \u2013 30 March 1984) was a German Jesuit priest and theologian who, alongside Henri de Lubac, Hans Urs von Balthasar, and Yves Congar, is considered to be one of the most influential Roman Catholic theologians of the 20th century. He was the brother of Hugo Rahner, also a Jesuit scholar.\nRahner was born in Freiburg, at the time a part of the Grand Duchy of Baden, a state of the German Empire; he died in Innsbruck, Austria.\nBefore the Second Vatican Council, Rahner had worked alongside Congar, de Lubac, and Marie-Dominique Chenu, theologians associated with an emerging school of thought called the Nouvelle Th\u00e9ologie, elements of which had been condemned in the encyclical Humani generis of Pope Pius XII. Subsequently, however, the Second Vatican Council was much influenced by his theology and his understanding of Catholic faith.", "Q4423254": "Investigation Held by ZnaToKi, or Investigation Held by Experts (Russian: \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0422\u043e\u041a\u0438, translit. Sledstvie vedut ZnaToKi) was a popular 1971-1989 Soviet detective TV-series with two Russian series (2002 and 2003). Total episodes released - 24.\nMain characters - investigator Pavel Znamenski, detective Alexandr Tomin and laboratory analyst Zinaida Kibrit were acting together under a group name ZnaToKi (translated as \"Experts\").\nSong by Mark Minkov based on the lyrics Invisible Battle (Nezrimiy Boi - Our mission is both dangerous and difficult, and most invisible at first glance...) by Anatoly Gorokhov features in almost all series. It became an unofficial hymn of the Soviet Militia.", "Q239498": "D\u00e9borah Fran\u00e7ois (French pronunciation: \u200b[deb\u0254\u0281a f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa]; born 24 May 1987) is a Belgian actress. She is best known for her starring role in the Palme d'Or-winning film, The Child (2005), directed by the Dardenne brothers. In 2009, she won a C\u00e9sar Award for Most Promising Actress for The First Day of the Rest of Your Life.", "Q559645": "Ren\u00e9 Goblet (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0281\u0259ne \u0261\u0254bl\u025b]; 26 November 1828 \u2013 13 September 1905) was a French politician, Prime Minister of France for a period in 1886\u20131887.\nHe was born at Aire-sur-la-Lys, Pas-de-Calais and was trained in law. Under the Second Empire, he helped found a Liberal journal, Le Progr\u00e8s de la Somme, and in July 1871 he was sent by the d\u00e9partement of the Somme to the National Assembly, where he took his place on the extreme left, as a member of the Republican Union parliamentary group (Union r\u00e9publicaine). Having failed to secure election in 1876, he was returned for Amiens the following year. He held a minor government office in 1879, and in 1882 became minister of the interior in the Freycinet cabinet. He was minister of education, fine arts and religion in Henri Brisson's first cabinet in 1885, and again under Freycinet in 1886, when he greatly increased his reputation by an able defence of the government's education proposals.\nMeanwhile, his independence and outspokenness had alienated him from many of his party, and throughout his life he was frequently in conflict with his political associates, from L\u00e9on Gambetta downwards. On the fall of the Freycinet cabinet in December he formed a cabinet in which be reserved for himself the portfolios of the interior and of religion. The Goblet cabinet was unpopular from the outset, and it was with difficulty that anybody could be found to accept the ministry of foreign affairs, which was finally given to Gustave Flourens.\nThen came what is known as the Schnaebele incident, the arrest on the German frontier of a French official named Schnaebele, which caused immense excitement in France. For some days Goblet took no definite decision, but left Flourens, who stood for peace, to fight it out with General Boulanger, the minister of war, who urged the despatch of an ultimatum. Although he finally intervened on the side of Flourens, and peace was preserved, his weakness in the face of Boulangist propaganda became a national danger. Defeated on the budget in May 1887, his government resigned; but he returned to office next year as foreign minister in the radical administration of Charles Floquet. He was defeated at the polls by a Boulangist candidate in 1889, and sat in the senate from 1891 to 1893 when he returned to the popular chamber. In association with \u00c9douard Locroy, Ferdinand Sarrien and Paul Peytral he drew up a republican programme which they put forward in the Petite Republique francaise. At the elections of 1898 he was defeated, and from then on took little part in public affairs. He died in Paris.", "Q214": "Slovakia ( (listen); Slovak: Slovensko [\u02c8sl\u0254\u028b\u025bnsk\u0254] (listen)), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Slovensk\u00e1 republika, listen ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the southwest, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's territory spans about 49,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5.6 million and consists mostly of ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava, and the second-largest city is Ko\u0161ice. The official language is Slovak.\nThe Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries. In the 7th century they played a significant role in the creation of Samo's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra, which was later conquered by the Principality of Moravia to establish Great Moravia. In the 10th century, after the dissolution of Great Moravia, the territory was integrated into the Principality of Hungary, which would become the Kingdom of Hungary in 1000. In 1241 and 1242, much of the territory was destroyed by the Mongols during their invasion of Central and Eastern Europe. The area was recovered largely thanks to B\u00e9la IV of Hungary who also settled Germans who became an important ethnic group in the area, especially in what are today parts of central and eastern Slovakia. After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Czechoslovak National Council established Czechoslovakia (1918\u20131939). A separate (First) Slovak Republic (1939\u20131945) existed during World War II as a totalitarian, clero-fascist one-party client state of Nazi Germany. At the end of World War II, Czechoslovakia was re-established as an independent country. After a coup in 1948 Czechoslovakia became a totalitarian one-party socialist state under a communist administration, during which the country was part of the Soviet led Eastern Bloc. Attempts to liberalize communism in Czechoslovakia culminated in the Prague Spring, which was crushed by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. In 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended the Communist rule in Czechoslovakia peacefully. Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia, sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce.\nSlovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index, a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties, press freedom, internet freedom, democratic governance and peacefulness. The country maintains a combination of a market economy with a comprehensive social security system. Citizens of Slovakia are provided with universal health care, free education and one of the longest paid parental leaves in the OECD. The country joined the European Union on 1 May 2004 and joined the Eurozone on 1 January 2009. Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area, NATO, the United Nations, the OECD, the WTO, CERN, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegr\u00e1d Group. As part of Eurozone, Slovak legal tender is the euro, the world's 2nd-most-traded currency. Slovakia is the world's largest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,110,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2019 alone and the 5th largest car producer in the European Union, representing 43% of Slovakia's total industrial output.", "Q144385": "Kamalesh Sharma, GCVO (born 30 September 1941) is an Indian diplomat. He was the 5th Secretary General of the Commonwealth of Nations from 2008 to 2016, having previously served as the High Commissioner for India in London.", "Q41575": "Susan Jane Helms (born February 26, 1958) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force and a former NASA astronaut. She was the commander, 14th Air Force (Air Forces Strategic); and commander, Joint Functional Component Command for Space at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. Helms was a crew member on five Space Shuttle missions and was a resident of the International Space Station (ISS) for over five months in 2001. While participating in ISS Expedition 2, she and Jim Voss conducted an 8-hour and 56 minute spacewalk, the world record for the longest spacewalk (and the longest spacewalk for a woman). Helms officially retired from the United States Air Force in 2014.\n\n", "Q536282": "Corpus Christi College (full name: \"The College of Corpus Christi and the Blessed Virgin Mary\", often shortened to \"Corpus\", or previously \"The Body\") is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. It is notable as the only college founded by Cambridge townspeople: it was established in 1352 by the Guild of Corpus Christi and the Guild of the Blessed Virgin Mary, making it the sixth-oldest college in Cambridge. With around 250 undergraduates and 200 postgraduates, it also has the second smallest student body of the traditional colleges of the University (after Peterhouse).\nThe College has traditionally been one of the more academically successful colleges in the University of Cambridge. In the unofficial Tompkins Table, which ranks the colleges by the class of degrees obtained by their undergraduates, Corpus's 2012 position was 3rd, with 32.4% of its undergraduates achieving first-class results. The college's average position between 2003 and 2012 was 9th, and in the most recent rankings, it was placed 10th.\nCorpus ranks among the wealthiest Cambridge colleges in terms of fixed assets, being exceptionally rich in silver.\nThe College's endowment was valued at \u00a390.9M at the end of June 2017, while its net assets were valued at \u00a3227.4M.", "Q942820": "Hopeless Records is an American independent record label in Van Nuys, California.", "Q1065628": "Charles Neville (December 28, 1938 \u2013 April 26, 2018) was an American R&B and jazz musician best known as part of The Neville Brothers. Known onstage as \"Charlie the horn man\", his saxophone playing helped earn the group a Grammy Award for best pop instrumental performance.", "Q56009": "Luigina Lollobrigida (born July 4, 1927), better known as Gina Lollobrigida, is an Italian actress, photojournalist and sculptor. She was one of the highest-profile European actresses of the 1950s and early 1960s, a period in which she was an international sex symbol.\nAs her film career slowed, she established second careers as a photojournalist and sculptor. In the 1970s, she achieved a scoop by gaining access to Fidel Castro for an exclusive interview.\nShe has continued as an active supporter of Italian and Italian American causes, particularly the National Italian American Foundation (NIAF). In 2008, she received the NIAF Lifetime Achievement Award at the Foundation's Anniversary Gala. In 2013, she sold her jewelry collection, and donated the nearly $5 million from the sale to benefit stem cell therapy research.", "Q81037": "Step Up 3D (also known as Step Up 3) is a 2010 American 3D dance film written by Amy Andelson and Emily Meyer and directed by Step Up 2: The Streets's Jon M. Chu. The sequel sees the return of Adam Sevani and Alyson Stoner, who portrayed Moose from Step Up 2: The Streets and Camille Gage from Step Up. As the third installment in the Step Up series and the first shot in 3D, the film follows Moose and Camille Gage as they head to New York University, the former dancer of whom is majoring in electrical engineering after promising his father that he would not dance anymore. However, he soon stumbles upon a dance battle, meeting Luke Katcher and his House of Pirates dance crew and later teaming up with them to compete in the World Jam dance contest against their rival, the House of Samurai dance crew.\nStep Up 3D premiered in Hollywood at the El Capitan Theater on August 2, 2010 and was subsequently released worldwide on August 6, 2010, through conventional 2D and 3D (in RealD 3D, Dolby 3D, and XpanD 3D) formats. It was also the second movie to feature the Dolby Surround 7.1 audio format theatrically, the first of which was Toy Story 3. The film grossed $15.8 million in its opening weekend, the lowest of the trilogy, but went on to make more money than any other installment in the series and has received generally mixed critical reviews, with most praise towards its dance sequences and effective use of 3D, while criticism went towards the repetitive story and acting.\n\n", "Q129155": "Roger Martin du Gard (French: [dy ga\u0281]; 23 March 1881 \u2013 22 August 1958) was a French novelist, winner of the 1937 Nobel Prize for Literature.", "Q9358": "Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (, German: [\u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0d\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8v\u026alh\u025blm \u02c8ni\u02d0t\u0283\u0259] (listen) or [- \u02c8ni\u02d0ts\u0283\u0259]; 15 October 1844 \u2013 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, composer, poet, philologist, and scholar of Latin and Greek whose work has exerted a profound influence on modern intellectual history. He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. He became the youngest ever to hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869 at the age of 24. Nietzsche resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life; he completed much of his core writing in the following decade. In 1889, at age 44, he suffered a collapse and afterward a complete loss of his mental faculties. He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother until her death in 1897 and then with his sister Elisabeth F\u00f6rster-Nietzsche. Nietzsche died in 1900.Nietzsche's writing spans philosophical polemics, poetry, cultural criticism, and fiction while displaying a fondness for aphorism and irony. Prominent elements of his philosophy include his radical critique of truth in favor of perspectivism; his genealogical critique of religion and Christian morality and his related theory of master\u2013slave morality; his aesthetic affirmation of existence in response to the \"death of God\" and the profound crisis of nihilism; his notion of the Apollonian and Dionysian; and his characterization of the human subject as the expression of competing wills, collectively understood as the will to power. He also developed influential concepts such as the \u00dcbermensch and the doctrine of eternal return. In his later work, he became increasingly preoccupied with the creative powers of the individual to overcome social, cultural and moral contexts in pursuit of new values and aesthetic health. His body of work touched a wide range of topics, including art, philology, history, religion, tragedy, culture, and science, and drew early inspiration from figures such as philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, composer Richard Wagner, and writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.After his death, his sister Elisabeth became the curator and editor of Nietzsche's manuscripts, reworking his unpublished writings to fit her own German nationalist ideology while often contradicting or obfuscating Nietzsche's stated opinions, which were explicitly opposed to antisemitism and nationalism. Through her published editions, Nietzsche's work became associated with fascism and Nazism; 20th century scholars contested this interpretation of his work and corrected editions of his writings were soon made available. Nietzsche's thought enjoyed renewed popularity in the 1960s and his ideas have since had a profound impact on 20th and early-21st century thinkers across philosophy\u2014especially in schools of continental philosophy such as existentialism, postmodernism and post-structuralism\u2014as well as art, literature, psychology, politics and popular culture.", "Q921405": "Stanis\u0142aw Przybyszewski (Polish pronunciation: [sta\u02c8\u0272iswaf p\u0282\u0268b\u0268\u02c8\u0282\u025bfsk\u02b2i]; 7 May 1868 \u2013 23 November 1927) was a Polish novelist, dramatist, and poet of the decadent naturalistic school. His drama is associated with the Symbolist movement. He wrote both in German and in Polish.", "Q458229": "Joe Willie \"Pinetop\" Perkins (July 7, 1913 \u2013 March 21, 2011) was an American blues pianist. He played with some of the most influential blues and rock-and-roll performers of his time and received numerous honors, including a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and induction into the Blues Hall of Fame.", "Q1680399": "James Ford Rhodes (May 1, 1848 \u2013 January 22, 1927), was an American industrialist and historian born in Cleveland, Ohio. After earning a fortune in the iron, coal, and steel industries by 1885, he retired from business. He devoted his life to historical research and publishing a seven-volume history of the United States beginning in 1850; his work was published from 1893\u20131906. He published an eighth volume in 1920. His work, History of the Civil War, 1861\u20131865 (1918), won the second-ever Pulitzer Prize for History that year.", "Q126266": "Albino (also known as The Night of the Askari, Death in the Sun and Whispering Death) is a 1976 German thriller film directed by J\u00fcrgen Goslar and starring Christopher Lee, James Faulkner and Sybil Danning filmed on location during the Rhodesian Bush War. The film is based on the novel The Whispering Death by Daniel Carney.", "Q3829343": "Leda: The Fantastic Adventure of Yohko (\u5e7b\u5922\u6226\u8a18\u30ec\u30c0, Genmu Senki Leda) is a direct-to-video anime film released in Japan on March 1, 1985. It was also released in theaters on December 21, 1985.\nThe story is that of Yoko Asagiri who finds that the love song she wrote acted as a bridge transporting her to a fantastical alternate world called \"Ashanti.\" There, the ruler of that world wants her song so that he could use it to open a doorway to Yoko's world and conquer it with his armies. Using the artifacts left behind by the legendary warrior Leda who prophesied her arrival, Yoko and her new found friends must stop the tyrant's ambition and return both worlds to their proper place and balance.", "Q170020": "Herrsching am Ammersee is a municipality in Upper Bavaria, Germany, on the east shore of the Ammersee, southwest of Munich. The population is around 8,000 in winter, increasing to 13,000 in summer.\nSituated at one terminus of the Munich S-Bahn line , the village is popular with travellers for its water-sports and as the starting point of trips to the Benedictine Andechs Abbey. Herrsching is also a stop for touring steamships of the Bavarian Seenschiffahrt or lake fleet.\nPrior to WW-II Herrsching was home to the \"Reichsfinanzschule Hersching\" (finance school). In 1945-1946 the school was converted into a POW hospital and rehab facility for soldiers who had lost limbs.", "Q86758": "Hermann H\u00fcffer (24 March 1830 \u2013 15 March 1905) was a German historian and jurist.\n\n", "Q87446": "Sir William Edward Goschen, 1st Baronet, (18 July 1847 \u2013 20 May 1924) was a British diplomat.", "Q75808": "Karl Arnold (21 March 1901 \u2013 29 June 1958) was a German politician. He was Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1947 to 1956. From 7 September 1949 until 8 September 1950 he was President of the German Bundesrat. He is, together with Jens B\u00f6hrnsen (in 2010) and Horst Seehofer (in 2012), one of the three Presidents of the Bundesrat who have acted as head of state during a vacancy of the office of President, according to Article 57 of the Basic Law.\n\n", "Q156781": "M\u00e1rio Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8ma\u027eiu aw\u02c8\u03b2\u025b\u027etu \u02c8n\u0254\u03b2\u027e\u0268 \u02c8l\u0254p\u0268\u0283 su\u02c8a\u027e\u0268\u0283]; 7 December 1924 \u2013 7 January 2017) was a Portuguese politician, who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th President of Portugal from 1986 to 1996. He was the first Secretary-General of the Socialist Party, from its foundation in 1973 to 1986.", "Q98200": "Arno Fritz Kurt Schirokauer (20 July 1899 \u2013 24 May 1954) was a German-Jewish literary scholar, best known for his biography of Ferdinand Lassalle.\nIn 1939, Schirokauer managed to travel to Havana, Cuba and on to Memphis. There he taught at Southwestern College as a Visiting Lecturer in Medieval Studies - his salary provided by other Jews in Memphis, since college rules prohibited non-Christian faculty - until he moved on to the Carl Schurz Foundation of Philadelphia. He taught at Yale University from 1941 to 1943, at Kenyon College from 1943 to 1944, at Yale again 1944 to 1945, and at Johns Hopkins University from 1946 until his death in 1954.", "Q202368": "Morlaix (French pronunciation: \u200b[m\u0254\u0281l\u025b]; Breton: Montroulez) is a commune in the Finist\u00e8re department of Brittany in northwestern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department.", "Q1332910": "Elmer Addison Morse (May 11, 1870 \u2013 October 4, 1945) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.Born in Franksville, Wisconsin, Morse attended the common schools of Racine County.\nHe graduated from Ripon College, Wisconsin, in 1893.\nMorse was elected county superintendent of schools of Racine County in 1893 and reelected in 1895.\nHe attended the law school of the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison.\nHe was admitted to the bar in 1900 and commenced practice in Antigo, Wisconsin; Morse was also city attorney of Antigo from 1900 to 1906.\nHe also engaged in the insurance and real estate business from 1900 until his death.\nMorse was elected as a Republican to the Sixtieth, Sixty-first, and Sixty-second Congresses (March 4, 1907 \u2013 March 3, 1913). He represented Wisconsin's 10th congressional district.\nHe was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1912 to the Sixty-third Congress.\nHe resumed the practice of law in Antigo, Wisconsin.\nHe served as delegate to the Republican State conventions in 1934 and 1940.\nHe died in Rochester, Minnesota, on October 4, 1945.\nHe was interred in Elmwood Cemetery, Antigo, Wisconsin.", "Q348275": "The TV Set is a 2006 comedy-drama film directed by Jake Kasdan and starring David Duchovny, Sigourney Weaver, Ioan Gruffudd, and Judy Greer. The screenplay concerns an idealistic writer attempting to bring his vision for a TV show to fruition on the small screen.", "Q171458": "Stamford Bridge () is a football stadium in Fulham, adjacent to the borough of Chelsea in South West London, commonly referred to as The Bridge. It is the home of Chelsea Football Club, which competes in the Premier League, the highest division of English football. \nThe capacity of the stadium is 41,837, making it the ninth largest venue of the 2019\u201320 Premier League season. The club has plans to expand capacity to 63,000 by the 2023\u201324 season. When expansion starts, Chelsea are intend to play at Wembley Stadium until they return in 2024.Opened in 1877, the stadium was used by the London Athletic Club until 1905, when new owner Gus Mears founded Chelsea Football Club to occupy the ground; Chelsea have played their home games there ever since. It has undergone major changes over the years, most recently in the 1990s when it was renovated into a modern, all-seater stadium.\nStamford Bridge has been a venue for England international matches, FA Cup Finals, FA Cup semi-finals and Charity Shield games. It has also hosted numerous other sports, such as cricket, rugby union, speedway, greyhound racing, baseball and American football. The stadium's highest official attendance is 82,905, for a league match between Chelsea and Arsenal on 12 October 1935.", "Q1062": "Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is surrounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the American state of New York, whose water boundaries meet in the middle of the lake. Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was named for the lake. Many cities, including Canada's most populous city Toronto, Rochester, and Hamilton, are located on the lake's shores. In the Huron language, the name Ontar\u00ed'io means \"great lake\". Its primary inlet is the Niagara River from Lake Erie. The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. It is the only Great Lake not to border the state of Michigan.", "Q45075": "Sebastian Kneipp (17 May 1821, Stephansried, Germany \u2013 17 June 1897, in Bad W\u00f6rishofen) was a Bavarian priest and one of the forefathers of the naturopathic medicine movement. He is most commonly associated with the \"Kneipp Cure\" form of hydrotherapy, the application of water through various methods, temperatures and pressures which he claimed to have therapeutic or healing effects, thus building several hospitals in Bad W\u00f6rishofen.\nAlthough most commonly associated with one area of Nature Cure, Kneipp was the proponent of an entire system of healing which rested on five main tenets:\nHydrotherapy \u2013 The use of water to treat ailments\nPhytotherapy \u2013 The use of botanical medicines was another of Kneipp's specialities\nExercise \u2013 Promoting health of the body through movement\nNutrition \u2013 A wholesome diet of whole grains, fruits & vegetables with limited meat.\nBalance \u2013 Kneipp believed that a healthy mind begot a healthy person", "Q168109": "Zbigniew Lengren (2 February 1919 in Tula \u2013 1 October 2003 in Warsaw) was a Polish cartoonist, caricaturist, and illustrator, of Swedish descent. He was awarded the \"Order of Smile\" amongst other, numerous awards. His most famous creation is Professor Filutek, who appeared once a week on the last page of Przekr\u00f3j magazine, together with his dog Filu\u015b, for over 50 years, a record run in Polish comics. Lengren was also a writer, especially of poems for children.\n\nIn 1947, whilst a Fine Arts student of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, he won a competition to design the Super Ex Libris for the University Library. The design is still in use today.", "Q459889": "Tears of the Sun is a 2003 American war action thriller film depicting a U.S. Navy SEAL team rescue mission amidst the civil war in Nigeria. Lieutenant A.K. Waters (Bruce Willis) commands the team sent to rescue U.S. citizen Dr. Lena Fiore Kendricks (Monica Bellucci) before the approaching rebels reach her jungle hospital. The film was directed by Antoine Fuqua.\nWillis produced Tears of the Sun through Cheyenne Enterprises, his production company, and took the title from an early sub\u2013title for Live Free or Die Hard, the fourth film in the Die Hard series. \n. The cast of Tears of the Sun includes actual African refugees living in the United States.\n\n", "Q177029": "Claude Malleville (1597, Paris \u2013 1647, Paris) was a French poet and one of the founding members of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1634.", "Q245023": "Taichung (, Wade\u2013Giles: T\u02bbai\u00b2-chung\u00b9), officially Taichung City, is a special municipality located in central Taiwan. Taichung has a population of approximately 2.82 million people and is Taiwan's second most populous city, overtaking Kaohsiung in July 2017. It serves as the core of the Taichung\u2013Changhua metropolitan area, which is the second largest metropolitan area in Taiwan. The current city was formed when Taichung County merged with the original provincial Taichung City to form the special municipality on 25 December 2010.Located in the Taichung Basin, the city was named under Japanese rule, and became a major economic and cultural hub. Originally composed of several scattered hamlets, the city of Taichung was planned and developed by the Japanese. It was called \"the Kyoto of Formosa\" in the Japanese era because of its calm and beauty. The city is home to the National Museum of Natural Science, the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts, the National Taichung Theater, the National Library of Public Information, and the National Taiwan Symphony Orchestra, as well as many cultural sites, including the historic Taichung Park, the Lin Family Gardens, and many temples.\n\n", "Q2590462": "Mino Doro (6 May 1903 \u2013 12 May 2006) was an Italian actor who appeared in more than a hundred films between 1932 and 1970. Doro generally played supporting and character roles. He appeared as a blackshirt in the 1934 Fascist propaganda film The Old Guard.In popular magazines of the 1930s, Doro was portrayed as the Italian equivalent of the American actor Clark Gable.", "Q85537": "Michael Gahler (born 22 April 1960) is a German politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.", "Q314278": "Thomas Chippendale (1718\u20131779) was born in Otley in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England in June 1718. He became a cabinet-maker in London, designing furniture in the mid-Georgian, English Rococo, and Neoclassical styles. In 1754 he published a book of his designs, titled The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director, upon which success he became renowned. The designs are regarded as representing the current British fashion for furniture of that period and are now reproduced globally. He was buried 16 November 1779, according to the records of St Martin-in-the-Fields, in the cemetery since built upon by the National Gallery. Chippendale furniture is much valued; a padouk cabinet that was offered for auction during 2008 sold for \u00a32,729,250.", "Q856841": "Manhattan is a city in northeastern Kansas in the United States at the junction of the Kansas River and Big Blue River. It is the county seat of Riley County, although it extends into Pottawatomie County. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 52,281.The city was founded by settlers from the New England Emigrant Aid Company as a Free-State town in the 1850s, during the Bleeding Kansas era. Nicknamed \"The Little Apple\" as a play on New York City's \"Big Apple\", Manhattan is best known as the home of Kansas State University and has a distinct college town atmosphere.\nFort Riley, a United States Army post, is located 8 miles (13 km) west of Manhattan.", "Q77979": "Sixt (or Sixtus) Birck, as Xystus Betuleius (February 24, 1501 \u2013 June 19, 1554) was a German humanist of Augsburg, \"a notable German scholar of the New Learning\".\nAt the end of his schooling in Augsburg the Protestant Reformation began. He continued his theological studies at Erfurt, T\u00fcbingen and Basel before returning to Augsburg as director (Magister) of the Gymnasium.", "Q283110": "Sally Yeh (born 30 September 1961), sometimes credited as Sally Yip or Yip Sin-Man, is a Taiwanese-Canadian Cantopop singer and actress.", "Q247634": "Y\u014dsei Teikoku (\u5996\u7cbe\u5e1d\u570b, lit. \"Fairy Empire\"; German: Das Feenreich) is a five-member Japanese musical unit formed in 1997. Their music mixes elements of gothic rock, heavy metal, electronic and classical music. Their works include the opening tracks of the several anime series, including Future Diary, Magical Pokan, Innocent Venus, Kurokami: The Animation, The Qwaser of Stigmata, Big Order, and the Tokyo ESP soundtrack. After releasing several independent albums, the band released seven major-label albums with their current label Lantis: Gothic Lolita Propaganda, metanoia, Gothic Lolita Doctrine, Gothic Lolita Agitator, Pax Vesania, Shadow Corps(e) and The Age Of Villains.\nY\u014dsei Teikoku (commonly spelled as \"Yousei Teikoku\" in Romaji) is led by vocalist Yui, whose official title is \"Dictator for Life\" (\u7d42\u8eab\u72ec\u88c1\u5b98). She bestows honorary titles on the band members as part of the Fairy Empire.", "Q4595694": "19 Entertainment is a producer of entertainment properties for television with a focus on music. Based in Los Angeles, their contributions to the music industry include American Idol in the United States, Pop Idol in the United Kingdom and versions of the Idol series in more than seventy countries around the world. 19 Entertainment is also responsible for the production of So You Think You Can Dance.", "Q188943": "Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus', known as Yaroslav the Wise or Iaroslav the Wise (Old East Slavic: \ua656\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044a \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0463\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u044a \u041c\u046b\u0434\u0440\ua651\u0438; Russian: \u042f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u044b\u0439, [j\u026ar\u0250\u02c8slaf \u02c8mudr\u0268j]; Ukrainian: \u042f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u041c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0439, Old Norse: Jarizleifr Valdamarsson;; Latin: Iaroslaus Sapiens; c. 978 \u2013 20 February 1054) was thrice grand prince of Veliky Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. Yaroslav's Christian name was George (Yuri) after Saint George (Old East Slavic: \u0413\u044e\u0440\u044c\u0433i, Gjur\u012dg\u00ec).\nA son of Vladimir the Great, the first Christian Prince of Kiev, Yaroslav acted as vice-regent of Novgorod at the time of his father's death in 1015. Subsequently, his eldest surviving brother, Sviatopolk I of Kiev, killed three of his other brothers and seized power in Kiev. Yaroslav, with the active support of the Novgorodians and the help of Varangian mercenaries, defeated Svyatopolk and became the Grand Prince of Kiev in 1019. Under Yaroslav the codification of legal customs and princely enactments had begun, and this work served as the basis for a law code called the Russkaya Pravda (\"Rus Truth [Law]\"). During his lengthy reign, Kievan Rus' reached the zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.", "Q57471": "Johnson Toribiong (born 22 July 1946) is a Palauan attorney and politician. \nToribiong became the President of Palau, following his victory in the November 2008 election,\nand left office in 2013.", "Q78492": "Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue Masaryk (Slovak: [\u02c8toma\u02d0\u0283 \u02c8\u0261ar\u026ak \u02c8masar\u026ak]), sometimes anglicised Thomas Masaryk (7 March 1850 \u2013 14 September 1937), was a Czechoslovak politician, statesman, sociologist and philosopher.\nUntil 1914, he advocated restructuring the Austro-Hungarian Empire into a federal state. With the help of the Allied Powers, Masaryk gained independence for a Czechoslovak Republic as World War I ended in 1918. He co-founded Czechoslovakia together with Milan Rastislav \u0160tef\u00e1nik and Edvard Bene\u0161 and served as its first president, and so is called by some Czechs the \"President Liberator\"\n(Czech: Prezident Osvoboditel).", "Q585048": "The Lauberhorn is a mountain in the Bernese Alps of Switzerland, located between Wengen and Grindelwald, north of the Kleine Scheidegg. Its summit is at an elevation of 2,472 m (8,110 ft) above sea level.", "Q95730": "Wolf Emil Wohlwill (November 24, 1835 in Seesen \u2013 February 2, 1912 in Hamburg) was a German-Jewish engineer of electrochemistry. He invented the Wohlwill process in 1874.", "Q26210887": "Wilson Cleveland (born 4 July 1974) is an American actor, producer and writer. He is known as the creator, producer and co-star of Leap Year and The Temp Life.\n\n", "Q27182": "Rachida Dati (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0281a\u0283ida dati]; 27 November 1965) is a French politician who served as Member of the European Parliament, representing \u00cele-de-France. Prior to her election, she held the cabinet post of Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice. She was a spokesperson for Nicolas Sarkozy during the French presidential election of 2007. After his victory, Sarkozy appointed her to his Government on 18 May 2007. She was elected mayor of the 7th arrondissement of Paris on 29 March 2008.", "Q1514226": "Al Copley (born Alman LeGrande Copley, 1952, Buffalo, New York) is a blues pianist who co-founded the American jump blues band Roomful of Blues with guitarist Duke Robillard in Westerly, Rhode Island in 1967. In 1974 Count Basie called Roomful \"the hottest blues band I've ever heard\". In 1975 Roomful signed a recording contract with Island Records, thanks to support from Doc Pomus. After 16 years and 7 albums with Roomful, Copley relocated to Europe in 1984, where he still travels and performs extensively.\nStrongly influenced by the music of Big Joe Turner, Copley's solo style spans several genres and defies categorisation, including (but certainly not limited to) swing, boogie-woogie and barrelhouse. Live performances are characterised by their energy and Copley's acrobatic approach to piano performance, in the style of Jerry Lee Lewis.\nCopley has performed and recorded with Lou Rawls, The Fabulous Thunderbirds, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Ruth Brown, Jimmy Witherspoon, Snooks Eaglin, John Hammond Jr., Big Mama Thornton, George \"Harmonica\" Smith, Otis Rush, Big Walter Horton, Helen Humes, Benny Waters, Hal Singer, Arnett Cobb, Scott Hamilton, Big Jay McNeely, Roy \"Good Rockin\" Brown and a host of others.", "Q285575": "Anghel Saligny (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8a\u014b\u0261el sa\u02c8li\u0272i]; 19 April 1854, \u0218erb\u0103ne\u0219ti, Moldavia \u2013 17 June 1925, Bucharest, Romania) was a Romanian engineer, most famous for designing the Fete\u0219ti-Cernavod\u0103 railway bridge (1895) over the Danube, the longest bridge in Europe at that time. He also designed the storage facilities in Constan\u021ba seaport, one of the earliest examples of reinforced concrete architecture in Europe.", "Q490445": "Eutin (German pronunciation: [\u0254\u028f\u02c8ti\u02d0n]) is the district capital of Eastern Holstein county located in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein. As of 2015, the town had some 17,000 inhabitants.", "Q37391": "Mortimer Henri-Robert Fournier-Sarlov\u00e8ze (January 14, 1869 \u2013 July 13, 1937) was a French politician and polo player in the 1900 Summer Olympics. \nHe was born in Paris and died in Compi\u00e8gne.\nIn 1900 he was part of the Bagatelle Polo Club de Paris polo team which won the bronze medal.", "Q46568": "I dolci inganni (internationally released as Sweet Deceptions) is a 1960 Italian drama film directed by Alberto Lattuada. The film tells one day in the life of a young adolescent girl who is discovering her sexuality.", "Q93341": "Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 \u2013 September 28, 1991) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and 20th-century music. Davis adopted a variety of musical directions in a five-decade career that kept him at the forefront of many major stylistic developments in jazz.Born in Alton, Illinois, and raised in East St. Louis, Davis left to study at the Juilliard School in New York City, before dropping out and making his professional debut as a member of saxophonist Charlie Parker's bebop quintet from 1944 to 1948. Shortly after, he recorded the Birth of the Cool sessions for Capitol Records, which were instrumental to the development of cool jazz. In the early 1950s, Miles Davis recorded some of the earliest hard bop music while on Prestige Records but did so haphazardly due to a heroin addiction. After a widely acclaimed comeback performance at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1955, he signed a long-term contract with Columbia Records and recorded the 1957 album 'Round About Midnight. It was his first work with saxophonist John Coltrane and bassist Paul Chambers, key members of the sextet he led into the early 1960s. During this period, he alternated between orchestral jazz collaborations with arranger Gil Evans, such as the Spanish-influenced Sketches of Spain (1960), and band recordings, such as Milestones (1958) and Kind of Blue (1959). The latter recording remains one of the most popular jazz albums of all time, having sold over five million copies in the U.S.\nDavis made several lineup changes while recording Someday My Prince Will Come (1961), his 1961 Blackhawk concerts, and Seven Steps to Heaven (1963), another mainstream success that introduced bassist Ron Carter, pianist Herbie Hancock, and drummer Tony Williams. After adding saxophonist Wayne Shorter to his new quintet in 1964, Davis led them on a series of more abstract recordings often composed by the band members, helping pioneer the post-bop genre with albums such as E.S.P (1965) and Miles Smiles (1967), before transitioning into his electric period. During the 1970s, he experimented with rock, funk, African rhythms, emerging electronic music technology, and an ever-changing line-up of musicians, including keyboardist Joe Zawinul, drummer Al Foster, and guitarist John McLaughlin. This period, beginning with Davis' 1969 studio album In a Silent Way and concluding with the 1975 concert recording Agharta, was the most controversial in his career, alienating and challenging many in jazz. His million-selling 1970 record Bitches Brew helped spark a resurgence in the genre's commercial popularity with jazz fusion as the decade progressed.After a five-year retirement due to poor health, Davis resumed his career in the 1980s, employing younger musicians and pop sounds on albums such as The Man with the Horn (1981) and Tutu (1986). Critics were generally unreceptive but the decade garnered the trumpeter his highest level of commercial recognition. He performed sold-out concerts worldwide, while branching out into visual arts, film, and television work, before his death in 1991 from the combined effects of a stroke, pneumonia and respiratory failure. In 2006, Davis was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, which recognized him as \"one of the key figures in the history of jazz.\" Rolling Stone described him as \"the most revered jazz trumpeter of all time, not to mention one of the most important musicians of the 20th century,\" while Gerald Early called him inarguably one of the most influential and innovative musicians of that period.", "Q258700": "Aline Lahoud (Arabic: \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0648\u062f\u200e; born 2 March 1986) is a Lebanese singer.\n\n", "Q434495": "John Alexander (November 29, 1897 \u2013 July 13, 1982) was an American stage, film, and television actor.", "Q66860": "Steinach is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q500042": "Louis Bromfield (December 27, 1896 \u2013 March 18, 1956) was an American author and conservationist. A best-selling novelist in the 1920s, he reinvented himself as a farmer in the late 1930s and became one of the earliest proponents of sustainable and organic agriculture in the United States. He won the Pulitzer Prize, founded the experimental Malabar Farm in Ohio, and played an important role in the early environmental movement.", "Q305361": "John Bellamy Foster (born August 15, 1953) is an American professor of sociology at the University of Oregon and also editor of Monthly Review. He writes about political economy of capitalism and economic crisis, ecology and ecological crisis, and Marxist theory. He has given numerous interviews, talks, and invited lectures, as well as written invited commentary, articles, and books on the subject.", "Q40119": "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants is a 2005 American comedy-drama film directed by Ken Kwapis from a screenplay by Delia Ephron and Elizabeth Chandler, based on the 2001 novel of the same name by Ann Brashares. It was released in the United States on June 1, 2005, by Warner Bros. Pictures.\nThe film's production budget was $25 million. At the box office, it brought in a total domestic gross of $39,053,061. The DVD was released in the United States on October 11, 2005, and features on-camera commentary by Amber Tamblyn, Alexis Bledel, and America Ferrera and deleted scenes (discussed by Kwapis). The film was partially shot in the Kamloops and Ashcroft area in British Columbia, Canada.It is the first installment of The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants film series, which include a sequel The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 (2008), while a third film is in development. A musical adaptation based on the film is also in development.", "Q2287423": "Saint Dwynwen (Welsh pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u028a\u0268nw\u025bn]; fl. 5th century), sometimes known as Dwyn or Donwen, is the Welsh patron saint of lovers. She is celebrated throughout Wales on 25 January.\n\n", "Q57465": "Kurt Ernst Carl Schumacher (13 October 1895 \u2013 20 August 1952) was a German social democratic politician, who served as chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany from 1946 and was the first Leader of the Opposition in the West German Bundestag from 1949 until his death in 1952. An opponent of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer's government, but an even stronger opponent of the East German Socialist Unity Party and communism in general, he was one of the founding fathers of post-war German democracy. He was also a noted opponent of the far-right and the far-left, i.e. the Nazi Party and the Communist Party of Germany, during the Weimar Republic, and is famous for his description of the communists as \"red-painted Nazis.\".", "Q1140480": "With the Lights Out is a box set by the American rock band Nirvana released in November 2004. It contains three CDs and one DVD of previously rare or unreleased material, including B-sides, demos, and rehearsal and live recordings. The title comes from the lyrics from Nirvana's 1991 single \"Smells Like Teen Spirit.\"", "Q1516431": "John Adams is a 2008 American television miniseries chronicling most of U.S. President John Adams's political life and his role in the founding of the United States. Paul Giamatti portrays John Adams. The miniseries was directed by Tom Hooper. Kirk Ellis wrote the screenplay based on the 2001 book John Adams by David McCullough. The biopic of John Adams and the story of the first 50 years of the United States was broadcast in seven parts by HBO between March 16 and April 20, 2008. John Adams received widespread critical acclaim and many prestigious awards. The show won four Golden Globe awards and 13 Emmy awards, more than any other miniseries in history.", "Q311314": "Samuel Pack Elliott (born August 9, 1944) is an American actor. His distinctive lanky physique, thick moustache, deep, resonant voice, and Western drawl have all led to frequent roles as cowboys and ranchers. His accolades include an Academy Award nomination, two Golden Globe Award nominations, two Primetime Emmy Award nominations, and a National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor.\nElliott began his film career with minor appearances in The Way West (1967) and Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), and guest-starred on television in the Western Gunsmoke (1972) and the television films Murder in Texas (1981) and The Shadow Riders (1982). His film breakthrough was in the drama Lifeguard (1976). He then appeared in several Louis L'Amour adaptations such as The Quick and the Dead (1987) and Conagher (1991), the latter of which earned him a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor \u2013 Miniseries or Television Film. He received his second Golden Globe and first Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Buffalo Girls (1995). Other film credits from the early 1990s include as John Buford in the historical drama Gettysburg (1993) and as Virgil Earp in the Western Tombstone (also 1993).\nIn the 2000s, Elliott appeared in supporting roles in the drama We Were Soldiers (2002), and the action films Hulk (2003), and Ghost Rider (2007). In 2015, he guest-starred on the series Justified, which earned him a Critics' Choice Television Award, and in 2016 began starring in the Netflix series The Ranch. He subsequently had a lead role in the comedy-drama The Hero (2017). The following year, Elliott was cast in the musical drama A Star Is Born (2018), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, a Critics' Choice Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award and won a National Board of Review Award.", "Q215600": "Friedrich Wilhelm Basilius von Ramdohr (21 July 1757 \u2013 26 July 1822) was a German conservative lawyer, art critic and journalist based in Dresden. From 1806 he was a Prussian diplomat to Rome and Naples.", "Q130376": "Maria Zankovetska (Ukrainian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0430, Mariia Zankovetska; born Maria Kostyantynivna Adasovska on August 4, 1854 - died on October 4, 1934) was a Ukrainian theater actress. There are some sources that date her birth to August 3, 1860.", "Q97127": "Andreas Baum (born 5 July 1978 in Kassel) is a German politician and former member of the Pirate Party Berlin, which is a branch of the national Pirate Party. He entered the state parliament of Berlin when the Pirate party won 15 seats in the 2011 Berlin state election.", "Q7407": "Andre Kirk Agassi ( AG-\u0259-see; born April 29, 1970) is an American retired professional tennis player and former world No. 1 whose career spanned from the late 1980s to the early 2000s. In singles, Agassi is an eight-time Grand Slam champion and a 1996 Olympic gold medalist, as well as being a runner-up in seven other Grand Slam tournaments.\nDuring the Open Era, Agassi was the first male player to win four Australian Open titles, a record that was later surpassed by Novak Djokovic when he won his fifth title in 2015, and then by Roger Federer in 2017. Agassi is 2nd of five male singles players to achieve the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era after Rod Laver and before Federer, Nadal and Djokovic and fifth of eight in history, the first of two to achieve the Career Golden Slam (Career Grand Slam and Olympic Gold Medal, the other being Rafael Nadal), and the only man to win the Career Golden Slam and the ATP Tour World Championships: a distinction dubbed as a \"Career Super Slam\" by Sports Illustrated.Agassi was the first male player to win all four Grand Slam tournaments on three different surfaces (hard, clay and grass), and the last American male to win both the French Open (in 1999) and the Australian Open (in 2003). He also won 17 ATP Masters Series titles and was part of the winning Davis Cup teams in 1990, 1992 and 1995. Agassi reached the world No. 1 ranking for the first time in 1995 but was troubled by personal issues during the mid-to-late 1990s and sank to No. 141 in 1997, prompting many to believe that his career was over. Agassi returned to No. 1 in 1999 and enjoyed the most successful run of his career over the next four years. During his 20-plus year tour career, Agassi was known by the nickname \"The Punisher\".After suffering from sciatica caused by two bulging discs in his back, a spondylolisthesis (vertebral displacement) and a bone spur that interfered with the nerve, Agassi retired from professional tennis on September 3, 2006, after losing in the third round of the US Open to Benjamin Becker. He is the founder of the Andre Agassi Charitable Foundation, which has raised over $60 million for at-risk children in Southern Nevada. In 2001, the Foundation opened the Andre Agassi College Preparatory Academy in Las Vegas, a K-12 public charter school for at-risk children. He has been married to fellow tennis player Steffi Graf since 2001.", "Q205413": "Omega Doom is a 1996 American science-fiction action film directed by Albert Pyun and starring Rutger Hauer. It was written by Pyun and Ed Naha. The story, set in a dystopian future, concerns a robot warrior who, during a nuclear winter, plays both sides of a robot civil war in a small town. The film is mostly based on Yojimbo by Akira Kurosawa, and it was the third movie in Pyun's Cyborg Trilogy. It is considered a cult film.", "Q596746": "Joe Louis Walker, also known as JLW (born December 25, 1949) is an American musician, best known as an electric blues guitarist, singer, songwriter and producer. His knowledge of blues history is revealed by his use of older material and playing styles.NPR Music described him as \"Powerful, soul-stirring, fierce and gritty...a legendary boundary-pushing icon of modern blues.\" Another music journalist noted \"If you define 'blues' by the rigid categories of structure rather than the flexible language of feeling allusion, Robert Cray... Larry Garner, Joe Louis Walker and James Armstrong are a new and uncategorizable breed, their music blues-like rather than blues, each of them blending ideas and devices from a variety of sources \u2013 soul, rock, jazz, gospel \u2013 with a sophisication beyond the reach of their forerunners\".", "Q234816": "Christine de Pizan or Pisan (French pronunciation: [k\u0281istin d\u0259 piz\u0251\u0303] (listen)), born Cristina da Pizzano (1364 \u2013 c. 1430), was a poet and author at the court of King Charles VI of France. She is best remembered for defending women in The Book of the City of Ladies and The Treasure of the City of Ladies. Venetian by birth, Christine was a prominent moralist and political thinker in medieval France. Christine's patrons included dukes Louis I of Orleans, Philip the Bold, and John the Fearless. Her books of advice to princesses, princes, and knights remained in print until the 16th century.\nIn recent decades, Christine's work has been returned to prominence by the efforts of scholars such as Charity Cannon Willard, Earl Jeffrey Richards, Suzanne Solente, Mathilde Laigle and Marie-Josephe Pinet\n\n", "Q449456": "Alvise Zorzi (10 June 1922 \u2013 14 May 2016) was an Italian journalist and writer from the city of Venice.He was the son of Elio Zorzi, a journalist and the director of the Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica of the Biennale di Venezia in the years immediately following World War II. He was the director of cultural programs for RAI, Italy's state television network and was a member of the UESCO committee for Venice. \nZorzi authored a number of books on the history and civilization of Venice, including biographies of Carlo Goldoni, Marco Polo, Titian and prominent denizens of the city of bridges. The final book he published during his lifetime is Napoleone a Venezia, which went into print in 2010.", "Q53603": "Tam\u00e1s Cseh (22 January 1943 in Budapest \u2013 7 August 2009 in Budapest) Hungarian composer, singer and actor. He won the Kossuth Prize and also the Liszt Ferenc prize.\nFrom 1967 to 1974 he taught art at a primary school in Budapest. From 1970 he worked together with G\u00e9za Berem\u00e9nyi, composing several popular songs.", "Q2278391": "Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson (Russian: \u0428\u0435\u0440\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0425\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0441 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043e\u043d, romanized: Sherlok Holms i doktor Vatson) is a 1979 Soviet film adaptation of Arthur Conan Doyle's novels about Sherlock Holmes. Directed by Igor Maslennikov it is the first of a 5-part TV film series (divided into 11-episodes) The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. The film is divided into two episodes \u2013 \"The Acquaintance\" (Russian: \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, based on \"The Adventure of the Speckled Band\") and \"Bloody Inscription\" (Russian: \u041a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, based on A Study in Scarlet).\nThe movies are made close to the plot of the books, but have some notable, and sometimes quite humorous differences, e.g. Dr. Watson within first weeks of living in Baker Street was trying to figure out what was Holmes profession. Upon witnessing Holmes dressed in disguise, seeing some strange visitors, Watson comes to a conclusion that Holmes is a criminal mastermind.", "Q2241510": "Richeza of Poland (Polish: Ryksa Boles\u0142aw\u00f3wna, Swedish: Rikissa; 12 April 1116 \u2013 after 25 December 1156), a member of the House of Piast, was twice Queen of Sweden and once Princess of Minsk through her three marriages.\nRicheza was the daughter of Boles\u0142aw III Wrymouth, Duke of Poland, by his second wife, Salomea of Berg. Tradition describes her as unusually beautiful.", "Q150482": "Jonathan Kimble Simmons (born January 9, 1955) is an American television, film, and voice actor. In television, he has played Dr. Emil Skoda on the NBC series Law & Order, Vernon Schillinger on the HBO series Oz, and Assistant Police Chief Will Pope on TNT's The Closer. From 2017 to 2019, he starred as Howard Silk in the Starz series Counterpart.\nHis film roles include J. Jonah Jameson in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy (2002\u20132007), and music instructor Terence Fletcher in Whiplash (2014) for which he won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He is known for voicing Cave Johnson in the video game Portal 2 (2011), Tenzin in The Legend of Korra (2012\u20132014), Stanford Pines in Gravity Falls (2015\u20132016), Kai in Kung Fu Panda 3 (2016) and Mayor Lionheart in Zootopia (2016). He reprised his role as Jameson in various Marvel media unrelated to the Sam Raimi trilogy, including multiple animated series and the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019). He has also appeared in a series of commercials for Farmers Insurance, and also voices the Yellow M&M.\nSimmons's performance in Whiplash received widespread critical acclaim and earned him 38 accolades, including the Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, Critics' Choice Award and BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor.", "Q3701940": "Pavel Olegovich Vrublevsky (Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; born 26 December 1978) is a Russian, owner and general manager of the processing company ChronoPay. He is also the founder of investment company RNP and a Russian Forbes contributor on matters relating to blockchain, cryptocurrencies, and cybersecurity. He was also implicated in a range of criminal cases related to hacking.", "Q151944": "Leonel Antonio Fern\u00e1ndez Reyna (Pronunciation of \"Leonel Fern\u00e1ndez\") (born December 26, 1953) is a Dominican lawyer, academic, and was President of the Dominican Republic from 1996 to 2000 and from 2004 to 2012. Since January 2016, he is the President of the EU\u2013LAC Foundation.Fern\u00e1ndez became the first elected president of the Dominican Republic under his political party, the Dominican Liberation Party (Partido de la Liberaci\u00f3n Dominicana, or PLD), although party founder Juan Bosch was also sworn in as president in 1963 after the first democratic elections held in roughly four decades in the country. Fern\u00e1ndez's administrations have focused much on technological and infrastructural development and macroeconomic and monetary stability.\nOn 20 November 2018, Leonel Fern\u00e1ndez was elected President of the World Federation of United Nations Associations at the 42nd Plenary Assembly of the Organisation devoted to the promotion of multilateralism and the values of the United Nations.\nHe is a native of Villa Juana, Distrito Nacional and lived for much of his childhood and early adulthood in New York City.", "Q129627": "Richard Farris Rashid served as a VP at Microsoft for many years. He oversaw Microsoft Research's worldwide operations until 2012. Previously, he was the director of Microsoft Research. He joined Microsoft Research in 1991, and was promoted to vice president in 1994. In 2000, he became senior vice president. He has authored a number of patents in areas such as data compression, networking, and operating systems, and was a major developer of Microsoft's interactive TV system.\nRashid graduated from Stanford University in 1974 with degrees in mathematics and comparative literature. He then received a Master of Science and a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Rochester, finishing in 1980. While at Rochester, he and Gene Ball wrote what is probably one of the earliest networked multiplayer computer games, Alto Trek, for Xerox Alto computers.\nIn 1979, he became a professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University. While a faculty member, he performed research and published numerous papers and articles on topics such as networking, operating systems, artificial intelligence, and programming languages for distributed computing applications. His most notable work was on the Mach kernel.", "Q90890": "Murat Ersen (born 3 August 1984) known by the stage name Muhabbet is a Turkish-German singer. He is also popular and famous in Turkey and Northern Cyprus.", "Q291500": "Emma Andijewska (or Emma Andiievska, Ukrainian: \u0415\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0456\u0454\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430) (*March 19, 1931 in Stalino) is a modern Ukrainian poet, writer and painter. Her works are marked with surrealist style. Some of Andijewska's works have been translated to English and German. Andijewska lives and works in Munich. She is a member of the National union of writers of Ukraine, Ukrainian PEN Club, Free academy in Munich and Federal association of artists.", "Q160541": "Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, (Leopold George Duncan Albert; 7 April 1853 \u2013 28 March 1884) was the eighth child and youngest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Leopold was later created Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence, and Baron Arklow. He had haemophilia, which led to his death at the age of 30.", "Q13541": "Tuomas Ketola (born 21 February 1975) is a Finnish former professional tennis player on the ATP Tour. \nKetola was the number two tennis player in Finland behind Jarkko Nieminen and reached a career high doubles ranking of 76 on October 19, 1998. In 2005, he reached the first round of Wimbledon in singles by defeating three opponents in the qualifying matches. However, he lost his first round main draw match to \u00c1lex Calatrava.\n\n", "Q356739": "Minoru Mukaiya (\u5411\u8c37 \u5b9f, Mukaiya Minoru, born 20 October 1956) is a Japanese musician best known as the former keyboardist of the jazz fusion band Casiopea and producer of the Train Simulator series of Japanese video games.\nMukaiya joined Casiopea in 1979 and remained in the group until their hiatus in 2006. Since leaving the band he has created his own musical production team, \"Mukaiya Club.\" He also serves as the President and CEO of the company Ongakukan, which produces professional train simulators for Japanese transit systems and has distributed video games to the general public.\nMukuya has also appeared in the event of Nico Nico Douga.\nWhile most train stations alert passengers with basic dings and dongs, metro riders in Japan are often treated to uniquely crafted melodies. Minoru Mukaiya is the mastermind behind these jingles\u2014he's made around 200 distinct chimes for over 110 stations. In 2019, British television presenter James May interviewed Mukaiya for episode 3 of James May: Our Man in Japan, discussing Mukaiya's involvement in composing melodies for train stations.", "Q440472": "Sachiko Kobayashi (\u5c0f\u6797 \u5e78\u5b50, Kobayashi Sachiko), born on December 5, 1953 in Niigata, Japan, is a female Japanese enka singer and occasional voice actor. She previously worked alongside the Pok\u00e9mon Company, under the alias \"Garura Kobayashi\".", "Q160227": "Peter II Alexeyevich (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 II \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447, Pyotr II Alekseyevich) (23 October [O.S. 12 October] 1715 \u2013 30 January [O.S. 19 January] 1730) reigned as Emperor of Russia from 1727 until his untimely death. He was the only son of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich (son of Peter the Great by his first wife, Eudoxia Lopukhina) and of Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg.", "Q167548": "Elizaveta Mikhailovna Boyarskaya (Russian: \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u044f\u0301\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, born 20 December 1985 in Leningrad) is a Russian theater and film actress.", "Q12887": "Schaerbeek (obsolete Dutch spelling, retained in French, pronounced [ska\u0281bek] (listen)) or Schaarbeek (Dutch, pronounced [\u02c8sxa\u02d0rbe\u02d0k] (listen)) is one of the nineteen municipalities located in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium. It is bordered by the City of Brussels, Etterbeek, Evere and Saint-Josse-ten-Noode. In common with all the Brussels municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French\u2013Dutch).\nThe eastern part of Schaerbeek (the area that includes Vergote Square, Boulevard Lambermont, Quartier des Fleurs, Jamblinne de Meux Square, and Diamant Quarters and Josaphat Park) is nowadays a location selected by affluent people for its architecture and its convenient location (close to the EU institutions and the financial heart of the city, NATO, the European School, the airport and the \"Ring\" and highways). Young couples are also favouring this suburb for its \"Notting Hill\" atmosphere and the still reasonable pricing of real estate, while prices are on the surge as everywhere else in Brussels.\nThis gentrification phenomenon is gradually spreading from the perimeter of the Josaphat Park, concentrically, to the surrounding streets, where artisan bakeries, delicatessens and other cheese shops or table d'h\u00f4tes have settled, the Josaphat Park, classified as the most beautiful Park in Brussels according to an RTBF consultation, clearly acting as a catalyst.\nThe western part of Schaerbeek (the area near the Brussels-North railway station, the Chauss\u00e9e de Haecht/Haachtsesteenweg and the Van Praet bridge) is home to a large Turkish immigrant community, a significant part of which originates from Afyon or Emirda\u011f, Turkey. It is also home to a large Moroccan population and other immigrant communities such as Spanish, Congolese, and Asian immigrants. The area around St. Mary's Royal Church is the part where the Turkish community gathers in Brussels, which has led the area to be dubbed \"Petite Anatolie\" because of all the Turkish restaurants and shops at the Chauss\u00e9e de Haecht/Haachtsesteenweg. However, because of the numerous schools like the Hogeschool Sint-Lukas Brussel, the administrations and the proximity of the Rue Royale there is a social mix.\nThe Schaerbeek Cemetery, despite its name, is actually in the neighbouring municipality of Evere.", "Q1079215": "An AV idol (AV\u30a2\u30a4\u30c9\u30eb, \u0112bui aidoru), also known as adult video idol or AV actress (AV\u5973\u512a, \u0112bui joy\u016b), is a Japanese idol who works in the pornographic business, often both as an actress as well as a model as the video performances vary widely, from suggestive softcore imagery to hardcore pornography. The industry is noted for having frequent turnovers; since the dawn of the AV industry in the early 1980s, hundreds of AV idols have debuted every year, with an average career span of about a year, appearing in five or ten videos during that time. Few notable AV idols have careers spanning longer than a decade, have a wide general public recognition, or make a significant impact on the industry in some other manner.", "Q713092": "Augustin Mouchot (; French: [mu\u0283o]; 7 April 1825 \u2013 4 October 1912) was a 19th-century French inventor of the earliest solar-powered engine, converting solar energy into mechanical steam power.\n\n", "Q23482": "Marseille ( mar-SAY, also spelled in English as Marseilles; French: [ma\u0281s\u025bj] (listen), locally [ma\u0281\u02c8s\u025bj\u0259] (listen); Occitan: Marselha [ma\u0280\u02c8sej\u0254, -\u02c8sij\u0254]) is the prefecture of the department of Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne and region of Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur. It is located on the Mediterranean coast near the mouth of the Rh\u00f4ne. The city covers an area of 241 km2 (93 sq mi) and had a population of 870,018 in 2016. Its metropolitan area, which extends over 3,173 km2 (1,225 sq mi) is the third-largest in France after those of Paris and Lyon, with a population of 1,831,500 as of 2010.Known to the ancient Greeks and Romans as Massalia (Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, romanized: Massal\u00eda), Marseille was an important European trading centre and remains the main commercial port of the French Republic. Marseille is now France's largest city on the Mediterranean coast and the largest port for commerce, freight and cruise ships. The city was European Capital of Culture in 2013 and European Capital of Sport in 2017; it hosted matches at the 1998 World Cup and Euro 2016. It is home to Aix-Marseille University.\n\n", "Q733342": "Ippolito Nievo (Italian pronunciation: [ip\u02c8p\u0254\u02d0lito \u02c8nj\u025b\u02d0vo]; 30 November 1831 \u2013 4 March 1861) was an Italian writer, journalist and patriot. His Confessions of an Italian is widely considered the most important novel about the Italian Risorgimento.", "Q512320": "Natasja Crone Back (born 12 June 1970 to film producer Erik Crone) is a Danish journalist and TV show presenter. She is well known from several big shows on Danish television.", "Q205375": "An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method, form, device or other useful means that becomes known as an invention. The word inventor comes from the Latin verb invenire, invent-, to find. The system of patents was established to encourage inventors by granting limited-term, limited monopoly on inventions determined to be sufficiently novel, non-obvious, and useful. Although inventing is closely associated with science and engineering, inventors are not necessarily engineers nor scientists.\n\n", "Q1239845": "Hellcat Records is an independent record label based in Los Angeles, California, United States. The label, an offshoot of Epitaph Records, was started as a partnership between Brett Gurewitz of Bad Religion, the owner of Epitaph, and Tim Armstrong of Rancid, the latter of whom is generally responsible for signing bands.The label specializes in ska, punk, oi!, psychobilly and hardcore bands. Give 'Em the Boot, a Hellcat label sampler which also includes tracks from other up-and-coming independent bands, was issued every other year from 1997 to 2009, with the exceptions of the third release, which was released three years after the second, and the sixth which came one year after the fifth.", "Q87452": "Hans Stiebner (19 November 1898 \u2013 27 March 1958) was a German actor.\nSteibner was born in Vetschau, Germany as Hans Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Paul Stiebner. He died in 1958 in Baden-Baden, West Germany.", "Q918290": "Ralph Douglas Doubell AM (born 11 February 1945) is an Australian former athlete, and gold medallist at the 1968 Summer Olympics.", "Q311472": "William Edwards Deming (October 14, 1900 \u2013 December 20, 1993) was an American engineer, statistician, professor, author, lecturer, and management consultant. Educated initially as an electrical engineer and later specializing in mathematical physics, he helped develop the sampling techniques still used by the U.S. Department of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.\nIn his book The New Economics for Industry, Government, and Education Deming championed the work of Walter Shewhart, including statistical process control, operational definitions, and what Deming called the \"Shewhart Cycle,\" which had evolved into Plan-Do-check-Act (PDCA). That was in response to the growing popularity of PDCA, which Deming viewed as tampering with the meaning of Shewhart's original work. Deming is best known for his work in Japan after WWII, particularly his work with the leaders of Japanese industry. That work began in July and August 1950, in Tokyo and at the Hakone Convention Center, when Deming delivered speeches on what he called \"Statistical Product Quality Administration\". Many in Japan credit Deming as one of the inspirations for what has become known as the Japanese post-war economic miracle of 1950 to 1960, when Japan rose from the ashes of war on the road to becoming the second-largest economy in the world through processes partially influenced by the ideas Deming taught:\nBetter design of products to improve service\nHigher level of uniform product quality\nImprovement of product testing in the workplace and in research centers\nGreater sales through side [global] marketsDeming is best known in the United States for his 14 Points (Out of the Crisis, by W. Edwards Deming, preface) and his system of thought he called the \"System of Profound Knowledge\". The system includes four components or \"lenses\" through which to view the world simultaneously:\n\nAppreciating a system\nUnderstanding variation\nPsychology\nEpistemology, the theory of knowledgeDeming made a significant contribution to Japan's reputation for innovative, high-quality products, and for its economic power. He is regarded as having had more impact on Japanese manufacturing and business than any other individual not of Japanese heritage. Despite being honored in Japan in 1951 with the establishment of the Deming Prize, he was only just beginning to win widespread recognition in the U.S. at the time of his death in 1993. President Ronald Reagan awarded him the National Medal of Technology in 1987. The following year, the National Academy of Sciences gave Deming the Distinguished Career in Science award.", "Q358714": "Eli Raphael Roth (born April 18, 1972) is an American film director, producer, editor, writer, and actor. As a director and producer, he is most closely associated with the horror genre, first coming to prominence for directing the films Cabin Fever (2003) and Hostel (2005). \nRoth continued to work in the horror genre, directing the films Hostel: Part II (2007) and The Green Inferno (2013). He also expanded into other genres, directing the erotic thriller film Knock Knock (2015) and the action film Death Wish (2018), a remake of the 1974 original. Also in 2018, he directed the fantasy horror film The House with a Clock in Its Walls, his first PG-rated film and his highest domestic grosser to date.As an actor, Roth starred as Donny \"The Bear Jew\" Donowitz in Quentin Tarantino's war film Inglourious Basterds (2009), for which he received a Critic's Choice Movie Award and a SAG Award. He also starred in the horror film Death Proof (2007) and the disaster film Aftershock (2012).\nMany journalists have included him in a group of filmmakers dubbed the Splat Pack for their explicitly violent and controversially bloody horror films. In 2013, Roth received the Visionary Award for his contributions to horror at the Stanley Film Festival.", "Q86994": "Inka Bach (East Berlin, 27 April 1956) is a German writer.\nShe moved with her family to West Berlin in 1972 and after her Abitur in 1974, she studied philosophy and literature at the Free University of Berlin, where she also received an M.S. and a Ph.D. She has worked as a scriptwriter and she currently lives with her two children in Berlin.", "Q58030": "Heinrich M\u00fcller (28 April 1900; date of death unknown, but evidence points to May 1945) was a high-ranking German Schutzstaffel (SS) and police official during the Nazi era. For the majority of World War II in Europe, he was the chief of the Gestapo, the secret state police of Nazi Germany. M\u00fcller was central in the planning and execution of the Holocaust and attended the January 1942 Wannsee Conference, which formalised plans for deportation and genocide of all Jews in German-occupied Europe\u2014The \"Final Solution to the Jewish Question\". He was known as \"Gestapo M\u00fcller\" to distinguish him from another SS general named Heinrich M\u00fcller.\nHe was last seen in the F\u00fchrerbunker in Berlin on 1 May 1945 and remains the most senior figure of the Nazi regime who was never captured or confirmed to have died.", "Q124465": "Titus Tobler (25 July 1806 \u2013 21 January 1877) was a Swiss Oriental scholar.\n\n", "Q721746": "Emile Shukri Habibi (Arabic: \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u200e, Hebrew: \u05d0\u05de\u05d9\u05dc \u05d7\u05d1\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u200e, 28 January 1922 \u2013 2 May 1996) was an Israeli Arab writer of Arabic literature and a politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the communist parties Maki and Rakah.", "Q94348": "Suite 16 is a 1994 Dutch-Belgian-British thriller film directed by Dominique Deruddere and starring Pete Postlethwaite, Antonie Kamerling, and G\u00e9raldine Pailhas.", "Q208889": "Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: \u200b[s\u025b\u0303t\u203fw\u025b\u0303 sy\u0281 s\u025bn]) is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in the \u00cele-de-France region of France. It is located in the northern suburbs of Paris, 6.6 kilometres (4.1 miles) from the centre of Paris. The commune was officially called Saint-Ouen until 2018, when its name was changed by ministerial order.The communes neighbouring Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine are Paris, to the south, Clichy, to the west, Villeneuve-la-Garenne, Gennevilliers and L'\u00cele-Saint-Denis, to the north, and Saint-Denis to the east. The commune of Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine is part of the canton of Saint-Ouen, which also includes L'\u00cele-Saint-Denis and part of \u00c9pinay-sur-Seine. Saint-Ouen also includes the Cimeti\u00e8re de Saint-Ouen.", "Q549442": "Helmut Friedrich Lachenmann (born 27 November 1935) is a German composer of contemporary classical music. His work has been associated with \"instrumental musique concr\u00e8te\".", "Q57303": "Karolos Papoulias (Greek: \u039a\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 [\u02c8karolos pa\u02c8pu\u028eas]; born 4 June 1929) is a Greek politician who served as President of Greece from 2005 to 2015. A member of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), he previously was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1985 to 1989 and again from 1993 until 1996.", "Q595529": "Ryan Gary Raddon (born February 25, 1971), better known by his stage name Kaskade, is an American DJ, record producer and remixer. DJ Times voted Kaskade \"America's Best DJ\" in 2011 and 2013. DJ Mag named Kaskade fifty-first on its 2009 list of Top 100 DJs.", "Q93427": "Archduke John of Austria (German: Erzherzog Johann Baptist Joseph Fabian Sebastian von \u00d6sterreich; 20 January 1782 \u2013 11 May 1859), a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, was an Austrian field marshal and imperial regent (Reichsverweser) of the short-lived German Empire during the Revolutions of 1848.", "Q1348716": "Jan V\u00e1clav Stich, better known as Giovanni Punto (28 September 1746 in \u017dehu\u0161ice, Bohemia \u2013 16 February 1803 in Prague, Bohemia) was a Czech horn player and a pioneer of the hand-stopping technique which allows natural horns to play a greater number of notes.", "Q144391": "Mahasweta Devi (14 January 1926 \u2013 28 July 2016) was an Indian fiction writer in Bengali and a socio-political activist. Her notable literary works include Hajar Churashir Maa, Rudali, and Aranyer Adhikar. She was a self-recognised communist and worked for the rights and empowerment of the tribal people (Lodha and Shabar) of West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh states of India. She was honoured with various literary awards such as the Sahitya Akademi Award (in Bengali), Jnanpith Award and Ramon Magsaysay Award along with India's civilian awards Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan.", "Q51772": "S\u00e1ra Salkah\u00e1zi (Hungarian: Salkah\u00e1zi S\u00e1ra, Kassa, 11 May 1899 \u2013 Budapest, 27 December 1944), born as Schalkh\u00e1z Sarolta Klotild, was a Hungarian Catholic religious sister who saved the lives of approximately one hundred Jews during World War II. Denounced and summarily executed by the pro-Nazi Arrow Cross Party, Salkah\u00e1zi was beatified in 2006.", "Q92739": "John McCarthy (September 4, 1927 \u2013 October 24, 2011) was an American computer scientist and cognitive scientist. McCarthy was one of the founders of the discipline of artificial intelligence. He coined the term \"artificial intelligence\" (AI), developed the Lisp programming language family, significantly influenced the design of the ALGOL programming language, popularized time-sharing, invented garbage collection, and was very influential in the early development of AI.\nMcCarthy spent most of his career at Stanford University. He received many accolades and honors, such as the 1971 Turing Award for his contributions to the topic of AI, the United States National Medal of Science, and the Kyoto Prize.\n\n", "Q925677": "Broken Bells is an American indie rock band composed of artist-producer Brian Burton (better known as Danger Mouse) and James Mercer, the lead vocalist and guitarist for the indie rock band The Shins. Broken Bells compose and create as a duo, but are joined by Dan Elkan and Jon Sortland when performing live. The previous live band included Conor Oberst and the Mystic Valley Band sidemen Nate Walcott and Nik Freitas, and Jonathan Hischke and Dan Elkan, both ex-members of Hella. Following their 2010 self-titled debut album, the duo released an EP, Meyrin Fields, in 2011 and their second studio album, After the Disco, on February 4, 2014.", "Q662119": "Daniel Mendelsohn (born 1960), an American memoirist, essayist, critic, columnist, and translator, is the Editor at Large of the New York Review of Books. He is also the Director of the Robert B. Silvers Foundation, a charitable organization dedicated to supporting writers of nonfiction.", "Q675465": "Reteos Berberian, also known as Reteos Perperian (Armenian: \u054c\u0565\u0569\u0567\u0578\u057d \u054a\u0567\u0580\u057a\u0567\u0580\u0565\u0561\u0576, 1848, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire \u2013 1907, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar, Ottoman Empire), was an Ottoman Armenian educator, pedagogue, principal, writer, poet, and founder of the prestigious Armenian Berberian Varjaran school.", "Q217771": "George Ivanovich Gurdjieff (, Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0443\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0301\u0435\u0432, Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2, Armenian: \u0533\u0565\u0578\u0580\u0563\u056b \u0533\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0580\u057b\u056b\u0587; 31 March 1866/14 January 1872/28 November 1877 \u2013 29 October 1949) was a mystic, philosopher, spiritual teacher, and composer of Armenian and Greek descent, born in Alexandrapol (now Gyumri), Armenia. Gurdjieff taught that most humans do not possess a unified consciousness and thus live their lives in a state of hypnotic \"waking sleep\", but that it is possible to awaken to a higher state of consciousness and achieve full human potential. Gurdjieff described a method attempting to do so, calling the discipline \"The Work\" (connoting \"work on oneself\") or \"the System\".\nAccording to his principles and instructions,\nGurdjieff's method for awakening one's consciousness unites the methods of the fakir, monk and yogi, and thus he referred to it as the \"Fourth Way\".", "Q96577": "Johann Balthasar Schupp (1 March 1610 \u2013 26 October 1661) was a German satirical author and a writer of Christian lyrics. After 1654, his having switched mid-career to a position as a high-profile Lutheran pastor, the content and populist approach of Schupp's sermons and of the printed pamphlets which he now started to publish brought him into increasingly acrimonious conflict with Hamburg's (relatively) conservative church establishment.Much of his later written work appeared under a succession of pseudonyms. These included Antenor, Philandron, Ehrnhold, Philanderson, Mellilambius and Ambrosius.", "Q458215": "Lidiia (sometimes transcribed as Lydia or Lidia) Nikolaevna Seifullina (March 23, 1889 \u2013 April 25, 1954) was a Soviet journalist, playwright, novelist, and short story writer.\nBorn near Magnitogorsk, Seifullina was the daughter of a peasant woman, who died when she was five, and a Tatar raised by an Orthodox priest; her father would go on to become a priest himself. She began working at 17, publishing her first short stories in 1917 and graduating from the Moscow Higher Pedagogical Courses in 1920. She moved to Novosibirsk and there wrote the short novel Four Chapters, which was published in 1922 and earned her some notice. Sue continued to write stories and novels depicting the clash between the new order and the old. After the 1920s she turned more to journalism and education. She is best known for her short story \"Virineia\", about a peasant woman who, having become a believer in Soviet ideals, begins to chafe at the restrictions placed on her by traditional patriarchal society. It serves as the basis for an opera by Sergei Slonimsky, completed in 1967.Seifullina was married to the literary critic and journalist Valerian Pravdukhin, who assisted in adapting \"Virineia\" as a play that was greatly popular in Soviet theaters. He was executed in 1939 during the Great Purge, and some sources claim that as the wife of an \"enemy of the people\" she was arrested and sent to the gulag, released only after the death of Joseph Stalin. Other sources state that she remained free and living in Moscow, aiding the war effort. It was in that city that she died.", "Q178440": "Dari (\u062f\u0631\u06cc, Dar\u012b, [d\u00e6\u02c8\u027ei\u02d0]) or Dari Persian (\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc, F\u0101rs\u012b-ye Dar\u012b, [f\u0252\u02d0\u027esije d\u00e6\u02c8\u027ei\u02d0]) or synonymously Farsi (\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc, F\u0101rs\u012b, [f\u0252\u02d0\u027esi\u02d0]), is a variety of the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan. Dari is the term officially recognized and promoted since 1964 by the Afghan government for the Persian language, hence, it is also known as Afghan Persian in many Western sources. This has resulted in a naming dispute. Many Persian speakers in Afghanistan prefer and use the name \"Farsi\" and say the term Dari has been forced on them by the dominant Pashtun ethnic group as an attempt to distance Afghans from their cultural, linguistic and historical ties to the Persian-speaking nations, which includes Iran and Tajikistan.As defined in the Constitution of Afghanistan, it is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan; the other is Pashto. Dari is the most widely spoken language in Afghanistan and the native language of approximately 27\u201350% of the population. However Dari Persian serves as the lingua franca of the country and is understood by up to 80% of the population. Iranian Persian and Dari Persian are mutually intelligible, with differences found primarily in the vocabulary and phonology.\nBy way of Early New Persian, Dari Persian, like Iranian Persian and Tajik, is a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of the Sassanian Empire (224\u2013651 CE), itself a continuation of Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenids (550\u2013330 BC). In historical usage, Dari refers to the Middle Persian court language of the Sassanids.", "Q1603912": "Wolfgang Georgsdorf (born Wolfgang Paul Georgsdorf on 10 September 1959 in Linz, Austria) is an Austrian media artist, director, sculptor, musician, author, researcher, and inventor based in Berlin. He is the founder and spokesman of Opal-so-nicht which resulted in a successful case against Gazprom and BASF in Dahme-Heideseen Nature Park, Brandenburg, Germany.", "Q177773": "The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO; French: Organisation mondiale de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle (OMPI)) is one of the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN). WIPO was created in 1967 \"to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world\".WIPO currently has 193 member states, administers 26 international treaties, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The current Director-General of WIPO is Francis Gurry, who took office on 1 October 2008. 190 of the UN member states as well as the Cook Islands, Holy See and Niue are members of WIPO. Non-members are the states of Federated States of Micronesia, Palau and South Sudan. Palestine has permanent observer status.", "Q9364": "Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (, US also ; French: [sa\u0281t\u0281]; 21 June 1905 \u2013 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic. He was one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentialism and phenomenology, and one of the leading figures in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism. His work has also influenced sociology, critical theory, post-colonial theory, and literary studies, and continues to influence these disciplines.\nSartre was also noted for his open relationship with prominent feminist and fellow existentialist philosopher and writer Simone de Beauvoir. Together, Sartre and de Beauvoir challenged the cultural and social assumptions and expectations of their upbringings, which they considered bourgeois, in both lifestyle and thought. The conflict between oppressive, spiritually destructive conformity (mauvaise foi, literally, \"bad faith\") and an \"authentic\" way of \"being\" became the dominant theme of Sartre's early work, a theme embodied in his principal philosophical work Being and Nothingness (L'\u00catre et le N\u00e9ant, 1943). Sartre's introduction to his philosophy is his work Existentialism Is a Humanism (L'existentialisme est un humanisme, 1946), originally presented as a lecture.\nHe was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature despite attempting to refuse it, saying that he always declined official honours and that \"a writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution\".", "Q99644": "Kristiane Allert-Wybranietz (born 1955) is a writer and poet. She grew up in a small village in the Auetal, a valley near Hanover, Germany. After an interval of some years, she has again made her home in this region. She began writing poetry at the age of 18 and published her first book of poetry, Trotz alledem (In Spite of Everything) in 1980, at the age of 25. Three more books followed: Liebe Gr\u00fc\u00dfe (Warm Greetings) (1982), Wenn's doch so einfach w\u00e4r (If It Were Only That Simple) (1984) and Du sprichst von N\u00e4he (You Speak of Closeness) (1986). Her books became bestsellers and have made her one of the most successful poets in Germany today. In her poems, Allert-Wybranietz deals with common things, with feelings and relationships. In \"Du sprichst von N\u00e4he,\" she raises questions about being close and intimate with another person. Can two people really become one? Or should they? And what about giving up one's individuality?\n\n", "Q356711": "Agostino Depretis (31 January 1813 \u2013 29 July 1887) was an Italian statesman and politician. He was the Prime Minister of Italy for several times between 1876 and 1887 and leader of the Historical Left parliamentary group for more than a decade. He is the fourth-longest serving Prime Minister in Italian history, after Benito Mussolini, Giovanni Giolitti and Silvio Berlusconi. Depretis is widely considered one of the most powerful and important politicians in Italian history.He was a master in the political art of Trasformismo, the method of making a flexible, centrist coalition of government which isolated the extremes of the left and the right in Italian politics after the unification.", "Q4703666": "Alfred Attilio Checchi (born June 6, 1948) is an American businessman who was a candidate for Governor of California in the 1998 gubernatorial election, losing to fellow Democrat Gray Davis in the June 1998 primary. Checchi finished in second place in the Democratic primary, capturing 12.49% of the vote. He ran as a New Democrat and called for increased spending on education. He set a new record at the time for spending in a California gubernatorial race, spending over $40 million of his personal fortune. Checchi had previously enjoyed success in various business ventures, most notably serving as co-chairman of Northwest Airlines. He attended the Harvard School of Business. Checchi is married to his wife Kathryn and has 3 children.", "Q52253": "Andrei Grigoryevich Stakhanov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432, IPA: [sta\u02c8xan\u0259f]; 3 January 1906 \u2013 5 November 1977) was a Russian Soviet miner, Hero of Socialist Labor (1970), and a member of the CPSU (1936). He became a celebrity in 1935 as part of what became known as the Stakhanovite movement \u2013 a campaign intended to increase worker productivity and to demonstrate the superiority of the socialist economic system.\n\n", "Q242016": "M. Vasalis, pseudonym for Margaretha (Kiekie) Droogleever Fortuyn-Leenmans (13 February 1909 in The Hague \u2013 16 October 1998 in Roden) was a Dutch poet and psychiatrist.", "Q301649": "Lady for a Day is a 1933 American pre-Code comedy-drama film directed by Frank Capra. The screenplay by Robert Riskin is based on the short story \"Madame La Gimp\" by Damon Runyon. It was the first film for which Capra received an Academy Award nomination for Best Director and the first Columbia Pictures release to be nominated for Best Picture.", "Q88749": "Betty Paoli (born Barbara Elisabeth Gl\u00fcck 30 December 1815 \u2013 5 July 1894) was an Austrian writer, a companion of Princess Maria Anna Schwarzenberg (1767\u20131848) and friend of Maria von Ebner-Eschenbach. Paoli was a poet, journalist, translator, and art and theater critic.", "Q7349": "Franz Joseph Haydn (; German: [\u02c8f\u0281ants \u02c8jo\u02d0z\u025bf \u02c8ha\u026adn\u0329] (listen); 31 March 1732 \u2013 31 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the piano trio. His contributions to musical form have earned him the epithets \"Father of the Symphony\" and \"Father of the String Quartet\".Haydn spent much of his career as a court musician for the wealthy Esterh\u00e1zy family at their remote estate. Until the later part of his life, this isolated him from other composers and trends in music so that he was, as he put it, \"forced to become original\". Yet his music circulated widely, and for much of his career he was the most celebrated composer in Europe.\nHe was a friend and mentor of Mozart, a tutor of Beethoven, and the older brother of composer Michael Haydn.", "Q233837": "Britt Ekland (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8br\u026at\u02d0 \u02c8\u011b\u02d0kland] (listen); born Britt-Marie Eklund; 6 October 1942) is a Swedish actress and singer. She appeared in numerous films in her heyday throughout the 1960s and 1970s, including roles in William Friedkin's The Night They Raided Minsky's (1968), and the British crime film Get Carter (1971), which established her as a movie sex symbol. She also starred in the British cult horror film The Wicker Man (1973) and appeared as a Bond girl in The Man with the Golden Gun (1974).\nHer high-profile social life and her 1964 marriage to actor Peter Sellers attracted considerable press attention, leading to her being one of the most photographed celebrities in the world during the 1970s.", "Q80315": "Borja Prado Eulate (Madrid, 1956), is a spanish businessman who at present presides over Endesa.", "Q354106": "L\u00e9on Boll\u00e9e (1 April 1870 \u2013 16 December 1913) was a French automobile manufacturer and inventor.\n\n", "Q517270": "Edward Allen (born May 20, 1965) is an American author and television personality. He was the food and wine connoisseur on the Bravo network's television program Queer Eye, and has been the host of the TV cooking competition series Chopped since its launch in 2009, as well as Chopped Junior, which began in mid-2015. On April 13, 2014, he became the host of another Food Network show, originally called America's Best Cook; a retooled version of that show, retitled All-Star Academy, which debuted on March 1, 2015. In early 2015, he also hosted a four-part special, Best. Ever., which scoured America for its best burgers, pizza, breakfast, and barbecue. He is a longtime contributing writer to Esquire magazine, the author of two cookbooks, and regularly appears on the Food Network show The Best Thing I Ever Ate and other television cooking shows.", "Q810196": "Basingstoke ( BAY-zing-stohk) is the largest town in the administrative county of Hampshire (Southampton and Portsmouth are now unitary authorities in their own right, and Winchester is a city). It is situated in south central England, and lies across a valley at the source of the River Loddon. It is located 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Southampton, 48 miles (77 km) southwest of London, and 19 miles (31 km) northeast of the county town and former capital Winchester. According to the 2016 population estimate the town had a population of 113,776. It is part of the borough of Basingstoke and Deane and part of the parliamentary constituency of Basingstoke. Basingstoke is often nicknamed \"Doughnut City\" or \"Roundabout City\" because of the number of large roundabouts.\nBasingstoke is an old market town expanded in the mid 1960s as a result of an agreement between London County Council and Hampshire County Council. It was developed rapidly after World War II, along with various other towns in the United Kingdom, in order to accommodate part of the London 'overspill' as perceived under the Greater London Plan in 1944. Basingstoke market was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, and it remained a small market town until the early 1960s. At the start of World War II the population was little more than 13,000. It still has a regular market, but is now larger than Hampshire County Council's definition of a market town.Basingstoke has become an important economic centre during the second half of the 20th century, and houses the locations of the UK headquarters of De La Rue, Sun Life Financial, The Automobile Association, ST Ericsson, GAME, Motorola, Barracuda Networks, Eli Lilly and Company, FCB Halesway part of FCB, BNP Paribas Leasing Solutions, the leasing arm of BNP Paribas in the UK, and Sony Professional Solutions. It is also the location of the European headquarters of the TaylorMade-Adidas Golf Company. Other industries include IT, telecommunications, insurance and electronics.\n\n", "Q58018": "Johann Peter Eckermann (21 September 1792 \u2013 3 December 1854), German poet and author, is best known for his work Conversations with Goethe, the fruit of his association with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe during the last years of Goethe's life.", "Q228": "Andorra ( (listen), also UK: ; Catalan: [\u0259n\u02c8dor\u0259]), officially the Principality of Andorra (Catalan: Principat d'Andorra), also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra (Catalan: Principat de les Valls d'Andorra), is a sovereign landlocked microstate on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees, bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south. Believed to have been created by Charlemagne, Andorra was ruled by the count of Urgell until 988, when it was transferred to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell. The present principality was formed by a charter in 1278. It is known as a principality as it is a diarchy headed by two princes: the Bishop of Urgell in Catalonia, Spain, and the President of the French Republic.\nAndorra is the sixth-smallest nation in Europe, having an area of 468 square kilometres (181 sq mi) and a population of approximately 77,006. The Andorran people are a Romance ethnic group of originally Catalan descent. Andorra is the 16th-smallest country in the world by land and the 11th-smallest by population. Its capital, Andorra la Vella, is the highest capital city in Europe, at an elevation of 1,023 metres (3,356 feet) above sea level. The official language is Catalan, but Spanish, Portuguese, and French are also commonly spoken.Tourism in Andorra sees an estimated 10.2 million visitors annually. Andorra is not a member of the European Union, but the euro is its official currency. It has been a member of the United Nations since 1993. In 2013, Andorra had the highest life expectancy in the world at 81 years, according to the Global Burden of Disease Study.", "Q164069": "Joanne Whalley (born 25 August 1961), credited as Joanne Whalley-Kilmer from 1988 to 1995, is an English actress who began her career in 1974 at the age of 12. She has appeared primarily on television, but also in nearly 30 feature films, including Dance with a Stranger (1985), Willow (1988), Scandal (1989), Storyville (1992) The Secret Rapture (1993) and Mother's Boys (1994). Following her marriage to Val Kilmer in 1988, she was credited as Joanne Whalley-Kilmer until their divorce in 1996.\nWhalley was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for the 1985 BBC serial Edge of Darkness, and was nominated for a Best Actress Golden Nymph Award at the Monte-Carlo Television Festival for the 2011 series The Borgias. Her other television roles include the 1986 BBC serial The Singing Detective; playing the title role in the 2000 CBS TV film Jackie Bouvier Kennedy Onassis, Claudia, wife of Pontius Pilate in the 2015 NBC series A.D. The Bible Continues, and Sister Maggie in Daredevil.", "Q210036": "The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (; Chechen: N\u00f3x\u00e7iyn Pa\u00e7\u1e8balq I\u00e7keri, Cyrillic: \u041d\u043e\u0445\u0447\u0438\u0439\u043d \u041f\u0430\u0447\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0445 \u0418\u0447\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438; Russian: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0418\u0447\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f; abbreviated as \"ChRI\" or \"CRI\") was an unrecognized secessionist government of the Chechen Republic.\nThe First Chechen War (December 1994 - August 1996) resulted in the victory of the separatist forces. After achieving de facto independence from Russia in 1996, the Chechen government failed to establish order. In 1997 the Chechen Republic adopted sharia and carried out public executions. In November 1997 Chechnya was proclaimed an Islamic republic.A Second Chechen War began in August 1999 and ended in May 2000, with Chechen rebels continuing attacks as an insurgency.", "Q49115": "Cornell University ( kor-NEL) is a private and statutory Ivy League research university in Ithaca, New York. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge\u2014from the classics to the sciences, and from the theoretical to the applied. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornell's founding principle, a popular 1868 Ezra Cornell quotation: \"I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study.\"The university is broadly organized into seven undergraduate colleges and seven graduate divisions at its main Ithaca campus, with each college and division defining its specific admission standards and academic programs in near autonomy. The university also administers two satellite medical campuses, one in New York City and one in Education City, Qatar, and Cornell Tech, a graduate program that incorporates technology, business, and creative thinking. The program moved from Google's Chelsea Building in New York City to its permanent campus on Roosevelt Island in September 2017.\nCornell is one of the few private land grant universities in the United States. Of its seven undergraduate colleges, three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York (SUNY) system, including its agricultural and human ecology colleges as well as its industrial labor relations school. Of Cornell's graduate schools, only the veterinary college is state-supported. As a land grant college, Cornell operates a cooperative extension outreach program in every county of New York and receives annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions. The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres, but is much larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens (more than 4,300 acres) and the numerous university-owned lands in New York City are considered.As of October 2019, 59 Nobel laureates, four Turing Award winners and one Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Cornell University. Cornell counts more than 245,000 living alumni, and its former and present faculty and alumni include 34 Marshall Scholars, 31 Rhodes Scholars, 29 Truman Scholars, 7 Gates Scholars, 55 Olympic Medalists, and 14 living billionaires. Since its founding, Cornell has been a co-educational, non-sectarian institution where admission has not been restricted by religion or race. The student body consists of more than 15,000 undergraduate and 8,000 graduate students from all 50 American states and 119 countries.", "Q249143": "Louella Parsons (born Louella Rose Oettinger; August 6, 1881 \u2013 December 9, 1972) was the first American movie columnist and a screenwriter. She was retained by William Randolph Hearst because she had championed Hearst's mistress Marion Davies and subsequently became an influential figure in Hollywood. At her peak, her columns were read by 20 million people in 400 newspapers worldwide.\nShe remained the unchallenged \u201cQueen of Hollywood gossip\u201d until the arrival of the flamboyant Hedda Hopper, with whom she feuded for years.", "Q246270": "Amber Chia (Chinese: \u8c22\u4e3d\u840d, pinyin: Xi\u00e8 L\u00ecp\u00edng; born 14 December 1981) is a Malaysian model, actress, TV host and brand ambassador. She was born in Teluk Intan, Malaysia but grew up in the town of Tawau in Sabah, East Malaysia. Chia started her own company Amber Creations in mid-2009 and a modelling school Amber Chia Academy in August 2010.", "Q4665291": "Abdul Aziz bin Fahd (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e) is a Saudi Arabian Prince and member of the Royal House of Saud.\n\n", "Q68865": "Melitta Schenk Gr\u00e4fin von Stauffenberg, born Melitta Schiller (3 January 1903 \u2013 8 April 1945), was an aviator who served as a test pilot in the Luftwaffe before and during World War II.\nShe was the second German woman to be awarded the honorary title of Flugkapit\u00e4n (English: flight captain) and also flew over 2,500 test flights in dive bombers, the second most of any Luftwaffe test pilot. Von Stauffenberg was awarded the Iron Cross Second Class and the Gold Front Flying Clasp for Bombers with diamonds, for performing over 1,500 test flights in dive bomber aircraft. In 1944, she was arrested with other Stauffenberg family members on suspicion of conspiring with her brothers-in-law to assassinate Adolf Hitler, but she was later released to continue her test flight duties.\nCountess von Stauffenberg died after being shot down by an Allied fighter plane on 8 April 1945.", "Q1337854": "The Emirate of C\u00f3rdoba (Arabic: \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\u200e, Im\u0101rat Qur\u1e6dubah) was an independent emirate in the Iberian Peninsula ruled by the Umayyad dynasty with C\u00f3rdoba as its capital. Proclaimed in 756, it lasted until the final Emir declared a Caliphate in 929.", "Q220693": "Marilyn Ann Taylor (n\u00e9e Briggs; April 22, 1952 \u2013 April 12, 2009), known professionally as Marilyn Chambers, was an American pornographic film actress, exotic dancer, model, actress and vice-presidential candidate. She was known for her 1972 hardcore film debut, Behind the Green Door, and her 1980 pornographic film Insatiable. She ranked at No. 6 on the list of Top 50 Porn Stars of All Time by AVN, and ranked as one of Playboy's Top 100 Sex Stars of the Century in 1999. Although she was primarily known for her adult film work, she made a successful transition to mainstream projects and has been called \"porn's most famous crossover\".\n\n", "Q858688": "Big Brother and the Holding Company is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in 1965 as part of the same psychedelic music scene that produced the Grateful Dead, Quicksilver Messenger Service, and Jefferson Airplane. They are best known as the band that featured Janis Joplin as their lead singer. Their 1968 album Cheap Thrills is considered one of the masterpieces of the psychedelic sound of San Francisco; it reached number one on the Billboard charts, and was ranked number 338 in Rolling Stone's the 500 greatest albums of all time. The album is also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.", "Q76483": "Ren\u00e9 Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke (4 December 1875 \u2013 29 December 1926), better known as Rainer Maria Rilke (German: [\u02c8\u0281a\u026an\u0250 ma\u02c8\u0281i\u02d0a \u02c8\u0281\u026alk\u0259]), was a Bohemian-Austrian poet and novelist. He is \"widely recognized as one of the most lyrically intense German-language poets\". He wrote both verse and highly lyrical prose. Several critics have described Rilke's work as \"mystical\". His writings include one novel, several collections of poetry and several volumes of correspondence in which he invokes images that focus on the difficulty of communion with the ineffable in an age of disbelief, solitude and anxiety. These themes position him as a transitional figure between traditional and modernist writers.\nRilke travelled extensively throughout Europe (including Russia, Spain, Germany, France and Italy) and, in his later years, settled in Switzerland \u2014 settings that were key to the genesis and inspiration for many of his poems. While Rilke is most known for his contributions to German literature, over 400 poems were originally written in French and dedicated to the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Among English-language readers, his best-known works include the poetry collections Duino Elegies (Duineser Elegien) and Sonnets to Orpheus (Die Sonette an Orpheus), the semi-autobiographical novel The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge (Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge), and a collection of ten letters that was published after his death under the title Letters to a Young Poet (Briefe an einen jungen Dichter). In the later 20th century, his work found new audiences through use by New Age theologians and self-help authors and frequent quotations by television programs, books and motion pictures. In the United States, Rilke remains among the more popular, best-selling poets.", "Q95718": "Brigitte Heinrich (born 29 June 1941, Frankfurt am Main - 29 December 1987) was a German journalist, and an Alliance '90/The Greens politician.\n\n", "Q230480": "The Heavenly Kid is a 1985 American romantic comedy fantasy film directed by Cary Medoway and starring Lewis Smith, Jason Gedrick, Jane Kaczmarek and Richard Mulligan.\n\n", "Q1451020": "Fran\u00e7ois Fernandez (born 22 February 1960) is a French classical violinist who specializes in historically informed performance.", "Q2418616": "Theodore Arthur Burrows (August 15, 1857 \u2013 January 18, 1929) was a politician and office-holder in Manitoba, Canada. He served as the tenth Lieutenant Governor of the province from October 6, 1926 until his death.\nBurrows was born in Ottawa, Canada West (now Ontario), where his grandfather had been a pioneer settler. He moved to Manitoba in 1875, and was subsequently educated at Manitoba College. In 1877, Burrows became the first law student in Winnipeg history, working in the office of one Frederick Mackenzie. He entered the lumber business in 1879, and subsequently played a major role in developing the industry in Manitoba's northwest.\nBurrows entered politics in 1892, winning election to the provincial legislature in the riding of Dauphin. Although he described himself as a Liberal-Conservative, he was nevertheless a supporter of Liberal Premier Thomas Greenway. Burrows defeated his Conservative opponent Glenlyon Campbell by 317 votes to 308.\nBurrows defeated Campbell a second time in 1896, by 589 votes to 577. By this time, he was identifying himself as a Liberal. He was also (like Greenway) a Methodist, and was a strong supporter of Canada's growing prohibition movement. In addition to his political career, he was also appointed a land commissioner of the Canadian Northern Railway in 1896, holding the position until 1904 and overseeing increased settlement in the Dauphin region. Perhaps curiously, he was never appointed to Greenway's cabinet.\nThe Liberals lost the election of 1899, although Burrows actually increased his majority significantly\u2014defeating Conservative R. Hunt by 1203 votes to 779. It may be assumed that the new settlers brought by Burrows to the region were instrumental in his victory.\nBurrows did not seek re-election in 1903, but campaigned for the federal House of Commons the following year. Running as a Liberal in the federal riding of Dauphin, he was elected unopposed, and supported Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier in parliament for the next four years. He was upset by his old rival Glenlyon Campbell, 3206 votes to 2989, in the election of 1908, and did not re-enter political life thereafter.\nIn 1926, Burrows was appointed Lt. Governor of Manitoba (a position that was largely ceremonial by this time). A talented singer, he often displayed his baritone voice to visitors at Government House. He died in office, in 1929.\nThe north-end Winnipeg neighbourhood of Burrows is named after him.", "Q112841": "J\u00f3zsef Gr\u0151sz (December 9, 1887 \u2013 October 3, 1961) was a Hungarian politician and prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. From 1943 until his death 18 years later, he served as the Archbishop of Kalocsa. Despite initially being known for his willingness to co-operate with the Communist government of the time, he was put on trial in 1951. Sentenced to 15 years imprisonment, he was released in March 1956 during the period of de-Stalinization.", "Q551543": "Auguste \u00c9mile Faguet (French pronunciation: \u200b[emil fa\u0261\u025b]; 17 December 1847 \u2013 7 June 1916) was a French author and literary critic.", "Q284643": "Wenche Synn\u00f8ve Myhre (born 15 February 1947), in some countries known as Wencke Myhre, is a Norwegian singer and actress who has had a great number of hit songs since the 1960s in the Norwegian, Danish, German as well as the Swedish markets and languages.", "Q216321": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric-Adolphe-Maximilien-Gustave Salvemini de Castillon (Utrecht, Netherlands, 22 September 1747 - Berlin 27 January 1814) was a Music theorist.\nHis father was the professor Giovanni Francesco Salvemini, who taught mathematics and philosophy at the University of Utrecht. Giovanni adopted the name \"de Castillon\" in reference to his natal town of Castiglione in Tuscany, Italy.\nMember of the Berlin Academy, Castillon published a large volume of Research of the Beauty of applied music to, melody, harmony, and rhythm.Likewise his father, Castillon contributed to the creation of the Encyclop\u00e9die, ou dictionnaire raisonn\u00e9 des sciences, des arts et des m\u00e9tiers of Diderot and D'Alembert, the accurate creation of his articles in the domain of applied arts of music theory, musical instruments, and its history; paved for Frederick his place in the world of music historians.", "Q133657": "Tormod Haugen (12 May 1945 \u2013 18 October 2008) was a Norwegian writer of children's books and translator. For his \"lasting contribution to children's literature\" he received the international Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1990.", "Q1035745": "Cardiff University (Welsh: Prifysgol Caerdydd) is a public research university in Cardiff, Wales. Founded in 1883 as the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, it became a founding college of the University of Wales in 1893, and in 1997 received its own degree-awarding powers, although it held them in abeyance. It merged with the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology (UWIST) in 1988. The college adopted the public name of Cardiff University in 1999; in 2005 this became its legal name, as an independent university awarding its own degrees. The third oldest university institution in Wales, it contains three colleges: Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; and Physical Sciences and Engineering.\nCardiff is the only Welsh member of the Russell Group of research-intensive British universities. It is recognised as providing high-quality, research-based university education, and placed between 100th and 200th in the world by the four major international rankings, and in the top 40 in all three UK achievement tables. It ranked 5th in the UK among multi-faculty institutions for the quality (GPA) of its research and 17th for its Research Power in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework. For 2018\u20132019, Cardiff had a turnover of \u00a3537.1 million, including \u00a3116.0 million in research grants and contracts.The university has an undergraduate enrolment of 23,960 and a total enrolment of 33,190 (according to HESA data for 2018/19) making it one of the ten largest universities in the UK. The Cardiff University Students' Union works to promote the interests of the student body within the University and further afield. The university's sports teams compete in the British Universities and Colleges Sport (BUCS) leagues.", "Q2920700": "Refaat Ali Suleiman Al-Gammal (Arabic: \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u200e) (July 1, 1927 \u2013 January 30, 1982), better known as Raafat Al-Haggan (Arabic: \u0631\u0623\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0651\u0627\u0646\u200e) in Egypt and as Jack Bitton in Israel, was an Egyptian spy who spent 17 years performing clandestine operations in Israel.Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate (EGID), claims that he moved to Israel as an Egyptian Intelligence asset in 1956. He was well known in the Israeli society and was involved in commercial projects. According to the Egyptians, he provided the Egyptian intelligence service with important information while operating a tourism company as a front. Al-Gammal's intelligence concerned, among other things, the Six-Day War, and he had an important role in the Yom Kippur War by providing Egypt with detailed engineering data about the Bar Lev Line. Al-Gammal is considered a national hero in Egypt. Most information about him is still confidential.", "Q4126": "Schweinfurt ( SHVYNE-foort, German: [\u02c8\u0283va\u026anf\u028a\u0250\u032ft] (listen); lit.\u2009''swine ford'') is a county-level city in the administrative district of Lower Franconia of the Free State of Bavaria, on the River Main. The industrial metropolis and port city is the administrative headquarter of the district of Schweinfurt, important authority location, university, art city and seat of a Fraunhofer Institute. Schweinfurt is, as a German exception, almost only from the city center, which is why the population offers no benchmark. The urban agglomeration has 100,200 (2018) and the catchment area of the city 759,000 inhabitants. To this area belongs the Main-Rh\u00f6n region, characterized by nature parks and spas, and the middle part of South Thuringia.\nSchweinfurt was first documented in 791 and is one of the oldest cities in Bavaria. Around 1000 the Margraves of Schweinfurt Margraves controlled large parts of northern Bavaria, from the 12th century until 1802 Schweinfurt was Free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, around 1700 a humanistic center and in 1770 began the 250-year industrial history. \nDuring the Second World War, the Americans suffered their biggest air defeat over Schweinfurt in the Second Raid on Schweinfurt (Black Thursday). On April 11, 1945, the US Army invaded the city. During the Cold War, the 1945 founded USAG Schweinfurt had the highest concentration of US combat units in the Federal Republic of Germany. In the northwest of Schweinfurt, an American town emerged, with a complete civil infrastructure including all kinds of shops for 12,000 Americans, soldiers and civilians. Until the withdrawal of the US Army at Schweinfurt in 2014, a total of about 100,000 US soldiers were stationed in the city. \n1990 Schweinfurt gained much in centrality through the german reunification and became a motorway junction in the German center. Schweinfurt was not deindustrialized by overcoming the structural crisis around 1992 and has the highest employment density (2015) and the third highest gross domestic product per inhabitant of Germany (2014). The world's largest bearing group SKF, the second largest Schaeffler, the second largest automotive supplier in the world ZF Friedrichshafen and the DAX group Fresenius Medical Care have their largest plants in Schweinfurt.World-important inventions come from the city on the Main: the pedal bike by Philipp Moritz Fischer (1853) and freewheel (1889) and coaster brake (1903) by Ernst Sachs. In Schweinfurt 1652 was the oldest permanently existing natural-scientific academy founded the world, the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina; it has its headquarters in Halle (Saale) today and in 2008 National Academy of Sciences.", "Q128511": "Yevgeni Alekseyevich Preobrazhensky (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [j\u026av\u02c8\u0261\u02b2en\u02b2\u026aj \u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ks\u02b2ej\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0361\u0255 pr\u02b2\u026a\u0259br\u0250\u02c8\u0290\u025bnsk\u02b2\u026aj]; 1886\u20131937) was a Russian revolutionary and economist. A member of the governing Central Committee of the Bolshevik faction and its successor, the All-Union Communist Party, Preobrazhensky is remembered as a leading voice for the rapid industrialisation of peasant Russia through a concentration on state-owned heavy industry.\nClosely associated with Leon Trotsky and the Left Opposition movement of the 1920s, Preobrazhensky fell afoul of the secret police during the decade of the 1930s, suffering expulsion from the Communist Party and internal exile in 1933 and a new arrest ending in execution in 1937 during the Great Purge.", "Q513770": "Mary Callahan Erdoes (born August 13, 1967) is Chief Executive Officer of J.P. Morgan Asset & Wealth Management (a division of JPMorgan Chase), a global leader in investment management and private banking with $2.8 trillion in client assets. She is also a member of JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s Operating Committee.", "Q212147": "Ruan Fangfu (\u962e\u82b3\u8d4b) also called Fang Fu Ruan is a Chinese physician and medical historian. He is editor and author of A Chinese manual of Sex Knowledge (\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u624b\u518c, Xingzhishi Shouce, 1985). His most famous work is Sex in China: Studies in Sexology in Chinese Culture (1991). He is a member of the International Encyclopedia of Sexuality (IES).", "Q64087": "Baar is a municipality in the canton of Zug in Switzerland.", "Q106834": "Mirjam Pressler (18 June 1940 \u2013 16 January 2019) was a German novelist and translator. Being the author of more than 30 children's and teenage books, she also translated more than 300 works by other writers from Hebrew, English, Dutch and Afrikaans. She is also known for translating a revision of Anne Frank's diary, The Diary of a Young Girl, in 1991, thus renewing its copyright.Born to a Jewish mother, Pressler was raised in a foster home. She studied painting at St\u00e4delschule in Frankfurt as well as English and French literary studies at LMU Munich. Before becoming a writer, she was a jeans shop retailer for eight years, who, as a single mother, raised three daughters. Later, she became a member of the PEN Centre Germany.", "Q336783": "George Ivar Louis Mountbatten, 4th Marquess of Milford Haven (born 6 June 1961), styled Earl of Medina before 1970, is a British peer and businessman.", "Q598743": "Antonie Stemmler (also Toni Stemmler, 6 November 1892 \u2013 8 May 1976) was a German teacher, nurse and member of the fascist resistance. In 1967 she received the Florence Nightingale Medal to honor her work in Nazi concentration camps during World War II and her nursing activities during the Spanish Civil War. In later life she was the only woman ever to chair the Zauch-Belziger District Council and when administrative reform dissolved the council, she became the first chair of the Council of the District of Potsdam. She received both the Clara Zetkin Medal and the Patriotic Order of Merit from East Germany.", "Q65399": "Schmitten (Romansh: Ferrera) is a municipality in the Albula Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland.", "Q101183": "Hans Hugo Klein (born 5 August 1936 in Karlsruhe) is a German politician. He was a representative of the German Christian Democratic Union from 1983 to 1996 and he was judge at the Constitutional Court.", "Q52535": "Rosario (Spanish pronunciation: [ro\u02c8sa\u027ejo]) is the largest city in the central Argentina province of Santa Fe. The city is located 300 km (186 mi) northwest of Buenos Aires, on the west bank of the Paran\u00e1 River. Rosario is the third most populous city in the country, and is also the most populous city in Argentina that is not a provincial capital. With a growing and important metropolitan area, Greater Rosario has an estimated population of 1,276,000 as of 2012. One of its main attractions includes the neoclassical, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architecture that has been retained over the centuries in hundreds of residences, houses and public buildings.\nRosario is the head city of the Rosario Department and is located at the heart of the major industrial corridor in Argentina. The city is a major railroad terminal and the shipping center for north-eastern Argentina. Ships reach the city via the Paran\u00e1 River, which allows the existence of a 10-metre-deep (34 ft) port. The Port of Rosario is subject to silting and must be dredged periodically. Exports include wheat, flour, hay, linseed and other vegetable oils, corn, sugar, lumber, meat, hides, and wool. Manufactured goods include flour, sugar, meat products, and other foodstuffs. The Rosario-Victoria Bridge, opened in 2004, spans the Paran\u00e1 River, connecting Rosario with the city of Victoria, across the Paran\u00e1 Delta. Because it plays a critical role in agricultural commerce, the city finds itself at the center of a continuing debate over taxes levied on big-ticket agricultural goods such as soy.\nAlong with Paran\u00e1, Rosario is one of the few Argentine cities that cannot point to a particular individual as its founder. The city's patron is the \"Virgin of the Rosary\", whose feast day is October 7.", "Q204725": "Addams Family Values is a 1993 American comedy film directed by Barry Sonnenfeld and written by Paul Rudnick, based on the characters created by Charles Addams. It is the sequel to The Addams Family (1991). The film features many cast members from the original, including Raul Julia, Anjelica Huston, Christopher Lloyd, Christina Ricci, Carel Struycken, Jimmy Workman, and Christopher Hart. Joan Cusack plays a serial killer who marries Uncle Fester (Lloyd) intending to murder him for his inheritance, while teenagers Wednesday (Ricci) and Pugsley (Workman) are sent to summer camp. Included in the soundtrack is \"Supernatural Thing\", which was a chart success for Ben E. King. \nCompared to its predecessor, which retained something of the madcap approach of the 1960s sitcom, Addams Family Values is played more for macabre laughs. The film was well received by critics, in contrast to its predecessor's mixed critical reception. However, unlike the first movie, it did average business by earning $48.9 million recouping its $47 million budget.", "Q225933": "N\u00e9stor Gast\u00f3n Carbonell (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8nesto\u027e \u0263as\u02c8to\u014b ka\u027e\u03b2o\u02c8ne\u028e]; born December 1, 1967) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter. He came to prominence for his role as Luis Rivera in the NBC sitcom Suddenly Susan. He is known for his roles as Richard Alpert in the ABC drama series Lost and Sheriff Alex Romero in the A&E drama series Bates Motel. Carbonell also starred as Mayor Anthony Garcia in Christopher Nolan's superhero films The Dark Knight (2008) and The Dark Knight Rises (2012).", "Q96211": "Heinrich Bandlow (* April 14, 1855 in Tribsees, \u2020 August 25, 1933 in Greifswald) was a Pomeranian author, writing in Standard as well as in Low German. For his Low German works he is known as \"Pomeranian Reuter\", which is a reference to his Mecklenburgian counterpart, Fritz Reuter.", "Q862514": "Kalafina (\u30ab\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30ca) was a Japanese vocal group formed by the composer Yuki Kajiura in 2007, mainly to perform theme songs for the anime Kara no Ky\u014dkai.", "Q244315": "There Will Be Blood is a 2007 American epic period drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, loosely based on the novel Oil! by Upton Sinclair. It stars Daniel Day-Lewis as a silver miner-turned-oilman on a ruthless quest for wealth during Southern California's oil boom of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Paul Dano, Kevin J. O'Connor, Ciar\u00e1n Hinds, and Dillon Freasier also feature in the film.\nThe film was produced by Ghoulardi Film Company and distributed by Paramount Vantage and Miramax Films. It premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Bear Award for Best Director and a Special Artistic Contribution Award for Jonny Greenwood's score. The film grossed $76.2 million worldwide against its $25 million budget.\nThere Will Be Blood received significant critical praise for its cinematography, direction, screenplay, and particularly the performance of Day-Lewis, who won Oscar, BAFTA, Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, NYFCC and IFTA Best Actor awards for the role. It appears on several lists of the greatest films of the 21st century, and appeared on many critics' \"top ten\" lists for the year, including the American Film Institute, the National Society of Film Critics, the National Board of Review, and the Los Angeles Film Critics Association. At the 80th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for eight Oscars (tying with another Paramount Vantage/Miramax co-production No Country for Old Men). The nominations included the Best Picture and Best Director for Anderson. The film won two Oscars: Best Actor for Day-Lewis and the Best Cinematography for Robert Elswit.", "Q74280": "Marie Schlei (26 November 1919 \u2013 21 May 1983) was a German politician and a member of Social Democratic Party (SPD). She served as minister of economic cooperation from 1976 to 1978, being the first female head of the ministry.", "Q532972": "Tommy Engel (German pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0254mi\u02d0 \u02c8\u0294\u025b\u014bl\u0329], Colognian pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0254m\u026a\u00b2 \u02cc\u0294\u025b\u014bl\u0329]; born 1949) is a German musician and actor. He was the lead singer of German band Bl\u00e4ck F\u00f6\u00f6ss through 1994, and has released albums as a solo performer.", "Q64093": "Le Locle (German: Luggli) is a municipality in Le Locle District in the Canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland.\nIt is situated in the Jura Mountains, a few kilometers from the city of La Chaux-de-Fonds.\nIt is the third smallest city in Switzerland (in Switzerland a place needs more than 10,000 inhabitants to be considered a city).\nLe Locle is known as a center of Swiss watchmaking, even cited as the birthplace of the industry, with roots dating back to the 1600s. The municipality has been home to manufactures such as Favre-Leuba Mido, Zodiac, Tissot, Ulysse Nardin, Zenith, Montblanc, Certina as well as Universal Gen\u00e8ve, before the latter company relocated to Geneva. The town's history in watchmaking is documented at one of the world's premier horological museums, the Mus\u00e9e d'Horlogerie du Locle, Monts Castle, located in a 19th-century country manor on a hill north of the city Restored historic underground mills (grainmill, oilmill, sawmill) can be seen in a cave located about one kilometer (0.6 miles) west of the city center.The name of the town derives from the word for lake or trou d\u00b4eau.", "Q466489": "Stefania Prestigiacomo (born 16 December 1966) is an Italian politician, member of the centre-right political party The People of Freedom and Member of the Chamber of Deputies of Italy since 1994.", "Q90674": "Monika Stolz (born March 24, 1951) is a German politician for the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg and was Minister of Work, Social Order, Women and the Elderly from 2006 to 2011.", "Q467797": "Andrej Hlinka (27 September 1864 \u2013 16 August 1938) was a Slovak Catholic priest, journalist, banker and politician, one of the most important Slovak public activists in Czechoslovakia before Second World War. He was the leader of the Hlinka's Slovak People's Party (since 1913), papal chamberlain (since 1924), inducted papal protonotary (since 1927), member of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia (the parliament) and chairman of the St. Vojtech Group (a religious book publication organization).", "Q14574": "Meierskappel is a municipality in the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q242764": "52 Pick-Up is a 1986 American neo-noir crime film directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Roy Scheider, Ann-Margret, and Vanity. It is based on Elmore Leonard's novel of the same name.\n\n", "Q121247": "Thomas C. Breuer (born 15 October 1952) is a German writer and cabaret artist.\nBreuer was born in Eisenach, Thuringia. Since 1977, he has performed cabaret in Germany, Switzerland and North America. He also works regularly for television and writes satire and novels. His twenty-fifth book, Hitze in Dosen, was published in 2007.", "Q483363": "Ok Taec-yeon (Korean: \uc625\ud0dd\uc5f0; Hanja: \u7389\u6fa4\u6f14; born December 27, 1988), known mononymously as Taecyeon, is a South Korean rapper, singer, songwriter, actor, and entrepreneur. He is the main rapper of the South Korean boy group 2PM.\nIn 2010, Taecyeon debuted as an actor in the Korean drama Cinderella's Sister and since then has starred in Dream High (2011), Who Are You? (2013), Wonderful Days (2014), Assembly (2015), Let's Fight, Ghost (2016), and Save Me (2017), as well as the movies Marriage Blue (2013) and House of the Disappeared (2017).", "Q5098534": "Children of the Dust is an American Western television miniseries, based on Clancy Carlile's novel of the said name. Featuring an ensemble cast led by Sidney Poitier, Children of the Dust was originally broadcast by CBS on February 26 and 28 as part of 1995 in television.", "Q22115532": "SS-GB is a 2017 British drama series produced for the BBC and based on the 1978 novel of the same name by Len Deighton. It is set in a 1941 alternative timeline in which the United Kingdom is occupied by Nazi Germany during the Second World War.", "Q285549": "Bianca Jagger (born Blanca P\u00e9rez-Mora Mac\u00edas; 2 May 1945) is a Nicaraguan social and human rights advocate and a former actress. Jagger currently serves as a Council of Europe goodwill ambassador, founder and chair of the Bianca Jagger Human Rights Foundation, member of the Executive Director's Leadership Council of Amnesty International USA, and a trustee of the Amazon Charitable Trust.She was married to Mick Jagger, lead singer of the Rolling Stones.", "Q59474": "Bj\u00f8rn Kjos (born 18 July 1946) is a Norwegian aviator, lawyer, and business magnate. He is best known as the founder and CEO of Norwegian Air Shuttle, Scandinavia's largest airline, and Europe's third largest low-cost airline.", "Q334180": "Xavier Cugat (Catalan: [\u0283\u0259\u03b2i\u02c8e ku\u02c8\u0263at]; 1 January 1900 \u2013 27 October 1990) was a Spanish-Cuban and American musician and bandleader who spent his formative years in Havana, Cuba. A trained violinist and arranger, he was a leading figure in the spread of Latin music. In New York City he was the leader of the resident orchestra at the Waldorf\u2013Astoria before and after World War II. He was also a cartoonist and a restaurateur. The personal papers of Xavier Cugat are preserved in the Biblioteca de Catalunya.", "Q259422": "Masako Nozawa (\u91ce\u6ca2 \u96c5\u5b50, Nozawa Masako, born October 25, 1936) is a Japanese actress and voice actress. Throughout her life, she has been affiliated with Production Baobab, 81 Produce and self-owned Office Nozawa; she is currently affiliated with Aoni Production. Her late husband, Masaaki Tsukada, was also a voice actor.\nNozawa currently voices Goku in the popular anime franchise Dragon Ball, as well as all of Goku's male family relatives (except Raditz) and the villainous Goku Black. She has also voiced Tetsur\u014d Hoshino (Galaxy Express 999) and Kitar\u014d (GeGeGe no Kitar\u014d, first and second series). In addition, she has also voiced two separate characters named \"Hiroshi\"; a character in Dokonj\u014d Gaeru, and the characters known in the U.S. as \"Pidge\" and \"Haggar\" in Hyakuj\u016b\u014d Golion. She also voiced Doraemon in the 1973 anime, replacing K\u014dsei Tomita, who voiced the character in the first 26 episodes. In the 1979 anime, she was replaced by Nobuyo \u014cyama, however Nozawa voiced Doraemon again in a 1988 special entitled Early English with Doraemon for unknown reasons.", "Q3351364": "Pierre Olivier S\u00e1rk\u00f6zy (born May 26, 1969) is a French banker based in the United States. His half-brother is Nicolas Sarkozy, former President of France.\n\n", "Q66684": "Schmerikon is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of See-Gaster in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. In the local Swiss German dialect it is called Schmerike.", "Q51028": "Prince Frederick Henry Albert of Prussia (German: Friedrich Heinrich Albrecht; 4 October 1809 \u2013 14 October 1872) was the fifth son and youngest child of King Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. His parents had fled to East Prussia after the occupation of Berlin by Napoleon, and Albert was born in K\u00f6nigsberg. Two of Albert's elder brothers were Frederick William IV, King of Prussia from 1840 till 1861, and William I, King of Prussia from 1861 to 1888 and German Emperor from 1871 until 1888.", "Q709790": "Alexander Dallas Bache (July 19, 1806 \u2013 February 17, 1867) was an American physicist, scientist, and surveyor who erected coastal fortifications and conducted a detailed survey to map the mideastern United States coastline. Originally an army engineer, he later became Superintendent of the U.S. Coast Survey, and built it into the foremost scientific institution in the country before the Civil War.", "Q165405": "Helen Suzman, DBE (7 November 1917 \u2013 1 January 2009) was a South African anti-apartheid activist and politician. She represented a succession of liberal and centre-left opposition parties during her 36-year tenure in the whites-only, National Party-controlled House of Assembly of South Africa at the height of the apartheid era. She hosted the meeting that founded the Progressive Party in 1959, and was its only MP in the 160-member House for a period of 13 years. During that 13-year period she was the only Member of the South African Parliament consistently and unequivocally to oppose all apartheid legislation.\nSuzman was instrumental in improving prison conditions for members of the banned African National Congress including Nelson Mandela, despite her reservations about Mandela's revolutionary policies, and was also known for using her parliamentary privilege to evade government censorship and pass information to the media about the worst abuses of apartheid. She was twice nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.", "Q445250": "Winifred Mitchell Baker (born 1959) is the Executive Chairwoman and CEO of the Mozilla Foundation and of Mozilla Corporation, a subsidiary of the Mozilla Foundation that coordinates development of the open source Mozilla Internet applications, including the Mozilla Firefox web browser.\nBaker was trained as a lawyer. She coordinates business and policy issues and sits on both the Mozilla Foundation Board of Directors and the Mozilla Corporation Board of Directors. In 2005, Time magazine included her in its annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world and she has been affectionately given the title of \"Chief Lizard Wrangler\" at the Mozilla Corporation.", "Q1182931": "Onisaburo Deguchi (\u51fa\u53e3 \u738b\u4ec1\u4e09\u90ce, Deguchi Onisabur\u014d), born Ueda Kisabur\u014d \u4e0a\u7530 \u559c\u4e09\u90ce (1871\u20131948), is considered one of the two spiritual leaders of the \u014cmoto religious movement in Japan.", "Q508422": "Nikolai Fyodorovich Pogodin (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0438\u043d) (pseudonym of Nikolai F. Stukalov) (16 November [O.S. 3 November] 1900 - 19 September 1962) was a Soviet playwright. His plays were recognized in Soviet Union theater for their realistic portrayals of common life combined with socialist and communist themes. He is most widely known as the author of a trilogy about Lenin, the first time Lenin was used as a character in any theatrical works.", "Q3667353": "Tenchi Muyo! Ryo-Ouki (\u5929\u5730\u7121\u7528! \u9b4e\u7687\u9b3c, Tenchi Muy\u014d! Ry\u014d\u014dki), known as simply Tenchi Muyo! in North America, is a collection of Japanese OVAs created by Masaki Kajishima and animated by AIC. Initially released in 1992, it marked the beginning of the Tenchi Muyo! franchise, composed of several manga, OVAs, TV series, and other related media. The first two OVA series were later licensed and distributed in North America by Pioneer Entertainment, with Funimation taking over the rights for the third series, and later taking over the rights for the first two OVAs.\nThe distribution of the first OVA series was originally started in September 1992 and released six episodes that lasted until 1993. The first series was so successful that a seventh special episode was released in September 1993, followed by a second OVA series with six additional episodes that begun distribution in September 1994 and lasted for one year until September 1995. However, the second OVA series ended on a cliffhanger and it was not until nearly eight years later in 2003 that a third OVA series was distributed in Japan. The third OVA series continued the Tenchi Muyo OVA storyline with six episodes, followed by a special episode released in September 2005 that concluded the third OVA storyline.\nThe Ultimate Collection box set release of the first two OVAs from Geneon was one of the few releases from the company to feature THX-certified audio and video.\nOn October 16, 2015, a fourth OVA series was announced to be in production, the first episode of which was released on November 30, 2016. Subsequent episodes were released with an interval of three months each, and the final part of the series arrived on September 13, 2017. On July 12, 2019, it was announced that a fifth OVA series is currently in development with Masaki Kajishima again serving as chief director and Hideki Shirane writing and overseeing scripts. Keitaro Motonaga is credited as director. The six-episode OVA series will be released from February 28, 2020 to May 28, 2021.", "Q807398": "Barbara Ruth Dickson (born Dunfermline, Fife, 27 September 1947) is a Scottish singer whose hits include \"I Know Him So Well\", \"Answer Me\" and \"January February\". Dickson has placed fifteen albums in the UK Albums Chart from 1977 to date, and had a number of hit singles, including four which reached the Top 20 in the UK Singles Chart. The Scotsman newspaper has described her as Scotland's best-selling female singer in terms of the numbers of hit chart singles and albums she has achieved in the UK since 1976.She is also a two-time Olivier Award-winning actress, with roles including Viv Nicholson in the musical Spend Spend Spend, and she was the original Mrs. Johnstone in Willy Russell's long-running musical Blood Brothers. On TV she starred as Anita Braithwaite in Band of Gold.", "Q719583": "Bernard Kangro (18 September 1910 \u2013 25 March 25, 1994) was an Estonian writer and poet.", "Q698089": "The Grand Duchy of W\u00fcrzburg (German: Gro\u00dfherzogtum W\u00fcrzburg) was a German grand duchy centered on W\u00fcrzburg existing in the early 19th century.\nAs a consequence of the 1801 Treaty of Lun\u00e9ville, the Bishopric of W\u00fcrzburg was secularized in 1803 and granted to the Electorate of Bavaria. In the same year Ferdinand III, former Grand Duke of Tuscany, was compensated with the Electorate of Salzburg. In the Peace of Pressburg of 26 December 1805, Ferdinand lost Salzburg to the Austrian Empire but was compensated with the W\u00fcrzburg territory, Bavaria having relinquished it in return for Tyrol.\nFerdinand's state was briefly known as the Electorate of W\u00fcrzburg (Kurf\u00fcrstentum W\u00fcrzburg), but it was elevated to the status of a Grand Duchy after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire on 6 August 1806. It joined the Confederation of the Rhine on 30 September 1806. In 1810 it acquired Schweinfurt.\nAfter Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Leipzig, Ferdinand dissolved his alliance with the First French Empire on 26 October 1813. Through an Austrian-Bavarian treaty of 3 June 1814, Ferdinand lost his possessions to the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Grand Duchy was dissolved. Ferdinand was restored to a reconstituted Grand Duchy of Tuscany by the Congress of Vienna. The Roman Catholic Diocese of W\u00fcrzburg was reestablished in 1821 without temporal power.", "Q40125": "The viol (), viola da gamba (Italian: [\u02c8vj\u0254\u02d0la da \u02c8\u0261amba]), or informally gamba, is any one of a family of bowed, fretted and stringed instruments with hollow wooden bodies and pegboxes where the tension on the strings can be increased or decreased to adjust the pitch of each of the strings. Frets on the viol are usually made of gut, tied on the fingerboard around the instrument's neck, to enable the performer to stop the strings more cleanly. Frets improve consistency of intonation and lend the stopped notes a tone that better matches the open strings. Viols first appeared in Spain in the mid to late 15th century and were most popular in the Renaissance and Baroque (1600\u20131750) periods. Early ancestors include the Arabic rebab and the medieval European vielle, but later, more direct possible ancestors include the Venetian viole and the 15th- and 16th-century Spanish vihuela, a 6-course plucked instrument tuned like a lute (and also like a present-day viol) that looked like but was quite distinct from (at that time) the 4-course guitar (an earlier chordophone).Although bass viols superficially resemble cellos, viols are different in numerous respects from instruments of the violin family: the viol family has flat rather than curved backs, sloped rather than rounded shoulders, c holes rather than f holes, and five to seven rather than four strings; some of the many additional differences are tuning strategy (in fourths with a third in the middle\u2014similar to a lute\u2014rather than in fifths), the presence of frets, and underhand (\"German\") rather than overhand (\"French\") bow grip.All members of the viol family are played upright (unlike the violin or the viola, which is held under the chin). All viol instruments are held between the legs like a modern cello, hence the Italian name viola da gamba (it. \"viol for the leg\") was sometimes applied to the instruments of this family. This distinguishes the viol from the modern violin family, the viola da braccio (it. \"viol for the arm\"). A player of the viol is commonly known as a gambist, violist , or violist da gamba. \"Violist\" shares the spelling, but not the pronunciation, of the word commonly used since the mid-20th century to refer to a player of the viola. It can therefore cause confusion if used in print where context does not clearly indicate that a viol player is meant, though it is entirely unproblematic, and common, in speech.", "Q380425": "Asher Zvi Hirsch Ginsberg (18 August 1856 \u2013 2 January 1927), primarily known by his Hebrew name and pen name Ahad Ha'am (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d7\u05d3 \u05d4\u05e2\u05dd, lit. 'one of the people', Genesis 26:10), was a Hebrew essayist, and one of the foremost pre-state Zionist thinkers. He is known as the founder of cultural Zionism. With his secular vision of a Jewish \"spiritual center\" in Israel, he confronted Theodor Herzl. Unlike Herzl, the founder of political Zionism, Ha'am strived for \"a Jewish state and not merely a state of Jews\".\n\n", "Q181797": "Yui Yokoyama (\u6a2a\u5c71 \u7531\u4f9d, Yokoyama Yui, born December 8, 1992) is a singer, actress and member of the Japanese idol girl group AKB48. She was the second General Manager of the AKB48 Group.. She has served as the captain of AKB48 Team A, and was a former member of AKB48 sister group NMB48. Since 2011, Yokoyama was also a member of the group Not Yet.", "Q442259": "The Conclave is a 2006 Canadian/German film production directed by Christoph Schrewe. The script was written by Paul Donovan.", "Q104951": "Ralf Christoffers (born October 8, 1956) is a German politician who served in the Landtag of Brandenburg from 1994 to 2019 and as Minister of Economic Affairs and European Affairs of Brandenburg in the Cabinet of Ministers-President Matthias Platzeck and Dietmar Woidke from 2009 to 2014.\n\n", "Q18428": "Amarcord (Italian: [amar\u02c8k\u0254rd]) is a 1973 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Federico Fellini, a semi-autobiographical tale about Titta, an adolescent boy growing up among an eccentric cast of characters in the village of Borgo San Giuliano (situated near the ancient walls of Rimini) in 1930s Fascist Italy. The film's title is a univerbation of the Romagnolo phrase a m'arc\u00f4rd (\"I remember\"). The title then became a neologism of the Italian language, with the meaning of 'nostalgic revocation'.Titta's sentimental education is emblematic of Italy's \"lapse of conscience.\" Fellini skewers Mussolini's ludicrous posturings and those of a Catholic Church that \"imprisoned Italians in a perpetual adolescence\" by mocking himself and his fellow villagers in comic scenes that underline their incapacity to adopt genuine moral responsibility or outgrow foolish sexual fantasies.\nThe film won the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film, and was nominated for two more Academy Awards: Best Director and Best Original Screenplay.", "Q314536": "The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norwegian: Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, NTNU) is a public research university in Norway with the main campus in Trondheim and smaller campuses in Gj\u00f8vik and \u00c5lesund. The largest university in Norway, NTNU has over 8,000 employees and over 40,000 students. NTNU in its current form was established by the King-in-Council in 1996 by the merger of the former University of Trondheim and other university-level institutions, with roots dating back to 1760, and has later also incorporated some former university colleges. NTNU is consistently ranked in the top one percentage among the world's universities, usually in the 101\u2013500 range depending on ranking.NTNU has the main national responsibility for education and research in engineering and technology, and is the successor of Norway's preeminent engineering university, the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH), established by Parliament in 1910 as Norway's national engineering university. In addition to engineering and natural sciences, the university offers higher education in other academic disciplines ranging from medicine, psychology, social sciences, the arts, teacher education, architecture and fine art. NTNU is well known for its close collaboration with industry, and particularly with its R&D partner SINTEF, which provided it with the biggest industrial link among all the technical universities in the world. The university's academics include three Nobel laureates in medicine, Edvard Moser, May-Britt Moser and John O'Keefe.", "Q203738": "Mishan (Chinese: \u5bc6\u5c71; pinyin: M\u00ecsh\u0101n) is a county-level city in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province, China, bordering Russia's Primorsky Krai to the south and southeast. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Jixi.", "Q96563": "Volker Handloik (19 July 1961 \u2013 11 November 2001) was a German freelance journalist and reporter. Born in Rostock, East Germany, he worked for the Hamburg-based Stern for 10 years and also did some correspondence for newspapers, journals, and magazines such as the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung, taz, Berliner Zeitung, National Geographic, Stern, Focus, mare, Geo, Merian, and the Spiegel Reporter. Handloik, who spoke Russian and Spanish fluently often traveled to the former Soviet republics and to South America and had been working in northern Afghanistan since October 2001.", "Q99650": "Le'ul Ras (Prince) Dr Asfa-Wossen Asserate (Amharic: \u12a0\u1235\u134b \u12c8\u1230\u1295 \u12d3\u1225\u122b\u1270) (born 31 October 1948, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) is an Ethiopian-German political analyst and consultant for African and Middle-Eastern Affairs and best-selling author. A member of the Ethiopian royalty, he is the great-nephew of the last Emperor of Ethiopia Haile Selassie I, great-grandson of the Empress Menen and son of the last President of the Imperial Crown Council, Le'ul Ras (Duke) Asserate Kassa and his wife Leult (Princess) Zuriash Worq Gabre-Iqziabher.", "Q742587": "La D\u00e9p\u00eache, formally La D\u00e9p\u00eache du Midi, is a regional daily newspaper published in Toulouse in south-west France with 17 editions for different areas of the Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es region. The main local editions are for: Toulouse, Ari\u00e8ge, Aude, Aveyron, Haute-Garonne, Gers, Lot, Lot-et-Garonne, Hautes-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, Tarn, and Tarn-et-Garonne.", "Q156971": "EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg (IATA: MLH, BSL, EAP, ICAO: LFSB, LSZM) is an international airport 3.5 km (2.2 mi) northwest of the city of Basel, Switzerland, 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Mulhouse in France, and 46 km (29 mi) south-southwest of Freiburg im Breisgau in Germany. The Franco-Swiss administered airport is geographically located within the French Alsace region, in the administrative commune of Saint-Louis near the border tripoint between France, Germany, and Switzerland. The airport serves as a base for easyJet Switzerland and features mainly flights to European metropolitan and leisure destinations.", "Q666343": "Ouest Lausannois District is a district in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. The seat of the district is Renens.", "Q204057": "Philadelphia is a 1993 American legal drama film written by Ron Nyswaner, directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Tom Hanks and Denzel Washington. It was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to acknowledge HIV/AIDS, homosexuality, and homophobia. \nFor his role as Andrew Beckett, Hanks won the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 66th Academy Awards, while the song \"Streets of Philadelphia\" by Bruce Springsteen won the Academy Award for Best Original Song. Nyswaner was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, but lost to Jane Campion for The Piano.", "Q128263": "Amy Clampitt (June 15, 1920 \u2013 September 10, 1994) was an American poet and author.", "Q107280": "Heinz Fenrich (born 9 February 1945, in Unter\u00f6wisheim, (today Kraichtal)) is a German Christian Democratic Union politician who most notably served as the lord mayor (Oberb\u00fcrgermeister) of Karlsruhe from 1998 to 2013.Fenrich received the Order of Merit of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in 2005 and the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2013.", "Q275876": "Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. (August 17, 1914 \u2013 August 17, 1988) was an American lawyer, politician, and businessman. He served as a United States Congressman from New York from 1949 to 1955 and as the first chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission from 1965 to 1966. Roosevelt also ran for Governor of New York twice. He was a son of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, and served as an officer in the United States Navy during World War II.", "Q99863": "Nikolai von Michalewsky (a.k.a. Mark Brandis) (January 17, 1931 \u2013 December 27, 2000) was a German writer and journalist best known for a series of science fiction novels published between 1970 and 1987.", "Q87485": "Martin Sonneborn (born 15 May 1965) is a German politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany. He is a founder and federal chairman of Die PARTEI. He was editor-in-chief of the satirical magazine Titanic from 2000 to 2005 and works for Spiegel Online and ZDF.", "Q264748": "Selma Blair Beitner (born June 23, 1972) is an American actress. She played a number of small roles in films and on television before obtaining recognition for her leading role in the film Brown's Requiem (1998). Her breakthrough came when she starred as Zoe Bean on the WB sitcom Zoe, Duncan, Jack and Jane (1999\u20132000), and as Cecile Caldwell in the cult film Cruel Intentions (1999). Blair continued to find success with the comedies Legally Blonde (2001) and The Sweetest Thing (2002), and achieved international fame with her portrayal of Liz Sherman in the big-budget fantasy films Hellboy (2004) and Hellboy II: The Golden Army (2008).\nHer other notable film credits include Storytelling (2001), A Guy Thing (2003), A Dirty Shame (2004), The Fog (2005), W\u0394Z (2007), Feast of Love (2007), The Poker House (2008), Dark Horse (2011), In Their Skin (2012), Ordinary World (2016), Mothers and Daughters (2016), Mom and Dad (2017), After (2019) and A Dark Foe (2019).\nOn television, Blair starred as Kim in the American remake of Kath & Kim (2008\u20132009); as Kate Wales on the sitcom Anger Management (2012\u20132014); and as Kris Jenner in the first season of the FX drama series American Crime Story (2016). In 2010, Blair narrated the audiobook The Diary of Anne Frank, earning a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children.", "Q12688": "Auguste Marie Joseph Jean L\u00e9on Jaur\u00e8s, commonly referred to as Jean Jaur\u00e8s (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303 \u0292\u0254.\u0281\u025b\u02d0s]; 3 September 1859 \u2013 31 July 1914), was a French Socialist leader. Initially a moderate republican, he was later one of the first social democrats, becoming the leader, in 1902, of the French Socialist Party, which opposed Jules Guesde's revolutionary Socialist Party of France. The two parties merged in 1905 in the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). An antimilitarist, Jaur\u00e8s was assassinated at the outbreak of World War I, and remains one of the main historical figures of the French Left.", "Q86943": "Michael Baumgarten (March 25, 1812 \u2013 July 21, 1889), was a German Protestant theologian. Baumgarten was born at Haseldorf in Schleswig-Holstein.", "Q377720": "Barking is a district of East London and the administrative centre of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, with a population of 59,068. It is 10 miles (16 km) east of Charing Cross. It was historically an ancient parish in the county of Essex that straddled the River Roding. It underwent a shift from fishing and farming to market gardening and industrial development on the River Thames. Barking railway station opened in 1854 and has been served by the London Underground since 1908. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Barking significantly expanded and increased in population, primarily due to the development of the London County Council estate at Becontree in the 1920s, and became a municipal borough in 1931, and part of Greater London in 1965. In addition to an extensive and fairly low-density residential area, the town centre forms a large retail and commercial district, currently a focus for regeneration. The former industrial lands to the south are being redeveloped as Barking Riverside.", "Q106175": "John Paul Cusack (; born June 28, 1966) is an American actor, producer, and screenwriter. He began acting in films during the 1980s and has since starred in a number of movies, including Better Off Dead (1985), Say Anything... (1989), Bullets over Broadway (1994), Grosse Pointe Blank (1997), Being John Malkovich (1999), High Fidelity (2000), 1408 (2007), Igor (2008), 2012 (2009), The Raven (2012) and Love & Mercy (2014). The son of filmmaker Dick Cusack, his sisters are actresses Joan and Ann Cusack.", "Q3093062": "G. P. Putnam's Sons is an American book publisher based in New York City, New York. Since 1996, it has been an imprint of the Penguin Group.", "Q939289": "Micha Bar-Am (Hebrew: \u05de\u05d9\u05db\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e8-\u05e2\u05dd) (born 1930 in Berlin, Germany) is an Israeli journalistic photographer. His images cover every aspect of life in Israel in the past sixty years.\nSince 1968 he has been a correspondent with Magnum, the photographic cooperative. From 1968 to 1992, he was the New York Times photographic correspondent from Israel. He has published several books of photography, beginning in 1957. His work is held in numerous international museums and institutes throughout the world.", "Q75613": "The Almoravid dynasty (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646\u200e, Al-Mur\u0101bi\u1e6d\u016bn) was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in Morocco. It established an empire in the 11th century that stretched over the western Maghreb and Al-Andalus. Founded by Abdallah ibn Yasin, the Almoravid capital was Marrakesh, a city the ruling house founded in 1062. The dynasty originated among the Lamtuna and the Gudala, nomadic Berber tribes of the Sahara, traversing the territory between the Draa, the Niger, and the Senegal rivers.The Almoravids were crucial in preventing the fall of Al-Andalus to the Iberian Christian kingdoms, when they decisively defeated a coalition of the Castilian and Aragonese armies at the Battle of Sagrajas in 1086. This enabled them to control an empire that stretched 3,000 kilometers (1,900 mi) north to south. However, the rule of the dynasty was relatively short-lived. The Almoravids fell\u2014at the height of their power\u2014when they failed to stop the Masmuda-led rebellion initiated by Ibn Tumart. As a result, their last king Ishaq ibn Ali was killed in Marrakesh in April 1147 by the Almohad Caliphate, who replaced them as a ruling dynasty both in Morocco and Al-Andalus.", "Q139385": "Zachary George Roerig (born February 22, 1985) is an American actor, known for his roles as Casey Hughes on As the World Turns, Hunter Atwood on One Life to Live and Matt Donovan on The Vampire Diaries.", "Q12902372": "The flute is a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening. According to the instrument classification of Hornbostel\u2013Sachs, flutes are categorized as edge-blown aerophones. A musician who plays the flute can be referred to as a flute player, flautist, flutist or, less commonly, fluter or flutenist.\nFlutes are the earliest extant musical instruments, as paleolithic instruments with hand-bored holes have been found. A number of flutes dating to about 43,000 to 35,000 years ago have been found in the Swabian Jura region of present-day Germany. These flutes demonstrate that a developed musical tradition existed from the earliest period of modern human presence in Europe.", "Q464513": "Jean-Lambert Tallien (23 January 1767 \u2013 16 November 1820) was a French political figure of the revolutionary period.", "Q816518": "Benjamin John \"Ben\" Howard (born 24 April 1987) is an English singer-songwriter, musician and composer. He self-released his debut EP Games in the Dark (2008) followed by two more EPs, These Waters (2009) and Old Pine (2010). He is currently signed to Island records. His debut studio album came in 2011 titled Every Kingdom followed by two more EP releases, Ben Howard Live (2011) and The Burgh Island E.P. (2012).\nAt the 2013 Brit Awards he received the Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist. He performed at 2013 Glastonbury festival on the Pyramid Stage on Saturday 29 June. He released his second studio album, I Forget Where We Were, in October 2014. It became his first number one.\nAs of 2017, he is a member of the band A Blaze of Feather with India Bourne, Mickey Smith, Nat Wason, Rich Thomas and Kyle Keegan.\nHoward's third album, titled Noonday Dream, was announced on 4 April 2018, and released on 1 June 2018.", "Q28500": "Stadio Renzo Barbera (previously and still commonly known as Stadio La Favorita) is a football stadium in Palermo, Italy. It is currently home of S.S.D. Palermo football team. The stadium was inaugurated on 24 January 1932, and was named Stadio Littorio in homage to the Fascism. The opening match was Palermo vs Atalanta, with Palermo winning 5\u20131. A track surrounded the pitch and there were no stands behind either goal. In 1936, the stadium was renamed Stadio Michele Marrone, in memory of a soldier killed during the Spanish Civil War. The name was changed again at the end of World War II to Stadio La Favorita, from the name of the nearby ancient game preserve of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor in the 13th century.\nIn 1948, the track was removed and stands behind each goal were built.\nIn 1984, the second main redevelopment took place, involving the addition of a second tier to the stadium which increased capacity to 50,000 spectators. This higher capacity was, however, completely covered in only twice, respectively in a Serie C1 league match against Messina and a friendly match against Juventus. A third redevelopment ended in 1990, the last main one to which the venue was subjected and was undertaken due to city of Palermo having been chosen to host a number of the 1990 FIFA World Cup First Round matches. A tragedy occurred during the course of these works, resulting in the deaths of five construction workers. Following this most recent redevelopment, the capacity of the stadium was lowered to its current 37,619 seats.\nOn 18 September 2002, the stadium was renamed as Renzo Barbera, past chairman of Palermo in the club's last Serie A tenure, as well as the two Coppa Italia finals throughout the 1960s and the 1970s, who had died that same year on 19 May. In the Serie A 2004-05 campaign, which marked the first Palermo appearance in the top division in over 30 years, all seats in the stadium were already assigned in the summer to season-ticket holders. However, this was not repeated in the next years.", "Q271423": "Tana French, born 1973 in Burlington, Vermont, is an American-Irish writer and theatrical actress; a longstanding resident of Ireland. Her debut novel In the Woods (2007), a psychological mystery, won the Edgar, Anthony, Macavity, and Barry awards for best first novel. She lives in Dublin. The Independent has referred to her as being the First Lady of Irish Crime, who very quietly has become a huge international name among fiction readers.", "Q432755": "Merete Van Kamp was born in Kolding, Denmark, is an actress, model and singer.\nMerete Van Kamp's first film role was in the 1983 espionage thriller, The Osterman Weekend, directed by Sam Peckinpah playing opposite John Hurt. She was then chosen from 700 hopefuls to play the lead roles of Princess Daisy Valenski and Dani Valenski in the NBC blockbuster TV miniseries Princess Daisy, written by Judith Krantz. In 1985 she was a series regular in the TV series Dallas, playing Grace Van Owen in the 1985-86 season.\nShe guest-starred in several episodes of Hotel and Remington Steele and has appeared in many feature films, including (film)|You Can't Hurry Love]] with Bridget Fonda and Mission Kill, with Robert Ginty and Olivia Dabo directed by David Winters. She was the lead in Lethal Woman (with Shannon Tweed), The Most Dangerous Woman Alive, You Cant Hurry Love with Bridget Fonda Poison Ivy: The New Seduction (the third of the four-film series) and Westbrick Murders' with Eric Roberts\nFrom 1990-1994 , Merete Van Kamp recorded an album for EMI-France entitled Pleasure and Pain, produced by Frank Langolff, who composed seven of the nine tracks (the other two were Rick F. James compositions). Merete Van Kamp plays in s\u00e9rie De Syv Drab 2012\nMerete Van Kamp is the founder of Www.Thevankampstudio.com in Paris, France, a performing arts center and film company, currently writing directing and producing \"1033AVENUEHOCHE\" a Drama Thriller 10 episodes TV series Season1.", "Q19905": "France Inter is a major French public radio channel and part of Radio France. It is a \"generalist\" station, aiming to provide a wide national audience with a full service of news and spoken-word programming, both serious and entertaining, liberally punctuated with an eclectic mix of music. It is broadcast on FM from a nationwide network of transmitters, as well as via the internet.\nThe channel announced during 2016 that it would discontinue transmissions from the Allouis longwave transmitter on 162 kHz with effect from 1 January 2017, thereby saving approximately \u20ac6 million per year. Transmission from Allouis of the atomic-clock-generated time signal would, however, continue after this date as the signal is critical for over 200,000 devices deployed within French enterprises and state entities, such as French Railways (SNCF), the electricity distributor ENEDIS, airports, hospitals, municipalities, etc.\n\n", "Q240826": "Sir Colin Alexander St John (\"Sandy\") Wilson, FRIBA, RA, (14 March 1922 \u2013 14 May 2007) was a British architect, lecturer and author. He spent over 30 years progressing the project to build a new British Library in London, originally planned to be built in Bloomsbury and now completed near Kings Cross.", "Q61666": "Hugo Eckener (10 August 1868 \u2013 14 August 1954) was the manager of the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin during the inter-war years, and also the commander of the famous Graf Zeppelin for most of its record-setting flights, including the first airship flight around the world, making him the most successful airship commander in history. He was also responsible for the construction of the most successful type of airships of all time. An anti-Nazi who was invited to campaign as a moderate in the German presidential elections, he was blacklisted by that regime and eventually sidelined.", "Q77004": "Ernst Th\u00e4lmann (16 April 1886 \u2013 18 August 1944) was a German communist politician. He was leader of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) from 1925 to 1933. \nA committed Stalinist, Th\u00e4lmann played a major role in the political instability of the Weimar Republic in its final years, when the KPD explicitly sought the overthrow of the liberal democracy of the republic. Under his leadership the KPD became intimately associated with the government of the Soviet Union and the policies of Joseph Stalin, and from 1928 the party was largely controlled and funded by Stalin's government. The KPD under Th\u00e4lmann's leadership regarded the Social Democratic Party (SPD) as its main adversary and the party adopted the position that the social democrats were \"social fascists.\"\nTh\u00e4lmann was also leader of the paramilitary Roter Frontk\u00e4mpferbund, which was banned as extremist by the governing social democrats in 1929, and in 1932 he established Antifaschistische Aktion or Antifa, which concentrated its attacks on the recently formed social democratic paramilitary organization Iron Front. He was arrested by the Gestapo in 1933 and held in solitary confinement for eleven years; Stalin did not seek his release when he entered into the Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact with Germany, and Th\u00e4lmann's party rival Walter Ulbricht ignored requests to plead on his behalf. Many of Th\u00e4lmann's closest associates who had emigrated to the Soviet Union were executed during the Great Purge of the 1930s. Th\u00e4lmann was shot in Buchenwald on Adolf Hitler's personal orders in 1944.", "Q952428": "David Louis Newman (born March 11, 1954) is an American composer and conductor known particularly for his film scores. In a career spanning more than thirty years, he has composed music for nearly 100 feature films. He received an Academy Award nomination for writing the score to the 1997 film Anastasia, contributing to the Newmans being the most nominated Academy Award extended family, with a collective 92 nominations in various music categories.", "Q268172": "Beatrix \"Trixi\" Schuba (born 15 April 1951) is an Austrian former competitive figure skater who competed in ladies' singles. She is a six-time Austrian national champion (1967\u20131972), a two-time European champion (1971 and 1972), a two-time World champion (1971 and 1972), and 1972 Olympic champion.She is considered to be one of the best compulsory figure skaters ever.", "Q721791": "Istv\u00e1n Csurka (27 March 1934 \u2013 4 February 2012) was a Hungarian radical nationalist politician, journalist and writer. He was the founder and inaugural leader of the Hungarian Justice and Life Party (MI\u00c9P) from 1993 until his death. He was also a Member of Parliament from 1990 to 1994 and from 1998 to 2002.\n\n", "Q68124": "La Chaux-de-Fonds (French pronunciation: \u200b[la\u0283od\u0259f\u0254\u0303]) is a Swiss city of the district of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel. It is located in the Jura mountains at an altitude of 1000 m, a few kilometers south of the French border. After Geneva, Lausanne and Fribourg, it is the fourth largest city located in the Romandie, the French-speaking part of the country, with a population (as of December 2018) of 37,952.The city was founded in 1656. Its growth and prosperity is mainly bound up with the watch-making industry. It is the most important centre of the watch making industry in the area known as the Watch Valley. Partially destroyed by a fire in 1794, La Chaux-de-Fonds was rebuilt following a grid street plan, which was and is still original among Swiss cities, the only exception being the easternmost section of the city, which was spared of fire. This creates an interesting and obvious transition from the old section to the newer section. The roads in the original section are very narrow and winding, which then opens up to the grid pattern near the town square. The famous architect Le Corbusier, the writer Blaise Cendrars and the car maker Louis Chevrolet were born there. La Chaux-de-Fonds is a renowned centre of Art nouveau.\nIn 2009, La Chaux-de-Fonds and Le Locle, its sister city, were jointly awarded UNESCO World Heritage status for their exceptional universal value.", "Q559686": "Franz Xaver Sch\u00f6nhuber (10 January 1923 in Trostberg \u2013 27 November 2005 in Munich) was a German journalist, politician and author. He gained fame as a founder and eventual chairman of the right-wing German party The Republicans.", "Q152524": "Robert Capa (born Endre Ern\u0151 Friedmann; October 22, 1913 \u2013 May 25, 1954) was a Hungarian-born American war photographer and photojournalist as well as the companion and professional partner of photographer Gerda Taro. He is considered by some to be the greatest combat and adventure photographer in history.Capa fled political repression in Hungary when he was a teenager, moving to Berlin, where he enrolled in college. He witnessed the rise of Hitler, which led him to move to Paris, where he met and began to work with Gerta Pohorylle. Together they worked under the alias Robert Capa and became photojournalists. Though she contributed to much of the early work, she quickly created her own alias 'Gerda Taro' and they began to publish their work separately. He subsequently covered five wars: the Spanish Civil War, the Second Sino-Japanese War, World War II across Europe, the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War, and the First Indochina War, with his photos published in major magazines and newspapers.During his career he risked his life numerous times, most dramatically as the only civilian photographer landing on Omaha Beach on D-Day. He documented the course of World War II in London, North Africa, Italy, and the liberation of Paris. His friends and colleagues included Ernest Hemingway, Irwin Shaw, John Steinbeck and director John Huston.\nIn 1947, for his work recording World War II in pictures, U.S. general Dwight D. Eisenhower awarded Capa the Medal of Freedom. That same year, Capa co-founded Magnum Photos in Paris. The organization was the first cooperative agency for worldwide freelance photographers. Hungary has issued a stamp and a gold coin in his honor.", "Q434324": "Dorothy Ann Todd (24 January 1907 \u2013 6 May 1993) was an English actress and producer.", "Q172192": "John Maxwell Lineham Love (7 December 1924 \u2013 25 April 2005) was a Rhodesian racing driver. He participated in 10 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 29 December 1962. He achieved one podium, and scored a total of six championship points. He also won the 1962 British Saloon Car Championship, now known as the British Touring Car Championship All but one of his Formula One entries were in races held within Africa, either as championship or non-championship rounds.\nLove was born in Bulawayo. He attended Gifford High School. He started his car racing career in a single-seat Cooper F3 with a Manx Norton 500 cc engine after racing a Triumph Grand Prix motorcycle, which Love then-allowed Jim Redman to ride when starting his race career, in recognition of Redman's assistance in preparing and maintaining Love's Cooper.Six times South African Formula One Champion in the 1960s, he had originally shone in the European Formula Junior firmament back in 1961\u201362 at the wheel of a Cooper-Austin from Ken Tyrrell's team. An unfortunate accident at Albi resulted in a very badly broken arm and effectively thwarted his chances of moving into full-time Formula One, but he came close when he was nominated as Phil Hill's replacement in the works Cooper team for the 1964 Italian Grand Prix at Monza.He was a regular contestant in the South African Grand Prix from 1965 to 1972. He was leading the 1967 South African Grand Prix at Kyalami in his 2.7 L Climax-engined Cooper, when a misfire prompted him to make a precautionary stop for extra fuel. He dropped back to finish second behind the works Cooper-Maserati of Pedro Rodr\u00edguez.Love would dominate racing in southern Africa in the 1960s, winning the South African Formula One Championship six times in succession from 1964 to 1969. He would also win his home race, the Rhodesian Grand Prix, six times.He owned the Jaguar dealership in Bulawayo and had his own stock car racing team in the 1980s. He died in 2005, aged 80, from cancer, in Bulawayo.", "Q93396": "John Kerr (August 4, 1782 \u2013 September 29, 1842) was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives representing Virginia from March 4, 1813, to March 3, 1815, and again from October 30, 1815, to March 3, 1817.\nHe was the father of John Kerr, Jr., cousin of Bartlett Yancey, and grand-uncle of John H. Kerr. A native of the Yanceyville, North Carolina area, Kerr was licensed as a Baptist minister in 1802 and moved to Halifax County, Virginia in 1805; he later lived in Pittsylvania County, Virginia as well.", "Q68642": "Yens is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Morges.", "Q3440973": "Bernhard Cornelius Br\u00e6nne (November 12, 1854 - September 7, 1927) was a Norwegian factory owner and member of the Norwegian Parliament with the Conservative Party.", "Q199655": "Library science (often termed library studies, bibliothecography, library economy, and informatics) is an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary field that applies the practices, perspectives, and tools of management, information technology, education, and other areas to libraries; the collection, organization, preservation, and dissemination of information resources; and the political economy of information. Martin Schrettinger, a Bavarian librarian, coined the discipline within his work (1808\u20131828) Versuch eines vollst\u00e4ndigen Lehrbuchs der Bibliothek-Wissenschaft oder Anleitung zur vollkommenen Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrung eines Bibliothekars. Rather than classifying information based on nature-oriented elements, as was previously done in his Bavarian library, Schrettinger organized books in alphabetical order. The first American school for library science was founded by Melvil Dewey at Columbia University in 1887.Historically, library science has also included archival science. This includes how information resources are organized to serve the needs of selected user groups, how people interact with classification systems and technology, how information is acquired, evaluated and applied by people in and outside libraries as well as cross-culturally, how people are trained and educated for careers in libraries, the ethics that guide library service and organization, the legal status of libraries and information resources, and the applied science of computer technology used in documentation and records management.\nThere is no generally agreed-upon distinction between the terms library science,and librarianship, and to a certain extent they are interchangeable, perhaps differing most significantly in connotation. The term library and information studies (LIS) is most often used; most librarians consider it as only a terminological variation, intended to emphasize the scientific and technical foundations of the subject and its relationship with information science. LIS should not be confused with information theory, the mathematical study of the concept of information. Library philosophy has been contrasted with library science as the study of the aims and justifications of librarianship as opposed to the development and refinement of techniques.", "Q31737": "Yi Chong-jun (this is the preferred Romanization per LTI Korea) was a prominent South Korean novelist. Throughout his four decade-long career, Lee wrote more than 100 short stories and 13 novels. He died from lung cancer at the age of 68 on July 31, 2008.", "Q256922": "Aestheticism (also the Aesthetic Movement) is an intellectual and art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than social-political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts. This meant that art from this particular movement focused more on being beautiful rather than having a deeper meaning \u2014 \"art for art's sake\". It was particularly prominent in Europe during the late 19th century, supported by notable figures such as Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde, but more contemporary critics are also associated with the movement, such as Harold Bloom, who argued against projecting social and political ideology onto literary works, which he believes has been a growing problem in humanities departments over the 20th century.In the 19th century, it was related to other movements such as symbolism or decadence represented in France, or decadentismo represented in Italy, and may be considered the British version of the same style.\n\n", "Q613051": "Robert Sedraki Kocharyan (Armenian: \u054c\u0578\u0562\u0565\u0580\u057f \u054d\u0565\u0564\u0580\u0561\u056f\u056b \u0554\u0578\u0579\u0561\u0580\u0575\u0561\u0576 pronounced [\u027e\u0254b\u025b\u027et k\u02b0\u0254t\u0283\u02b0\u0251\u027ej\u0251n]; born 31 August 1954) is an Armenian politician who served as the second President of Armenia between 1998 and 2008. He was previously President of Nagorno-Karabakh from 1994 to 1997 and Prime Minister of Armenia from 1997 to 1998. \nDuring most of his presidency, between 2001 and 2007, Armenia's economy grew on average by 12% annually, largely due to the construction boom. His presidency witnessed two of the bloodiest events in post-independence Armenian history: the 1999 Armenian parliament shooting and the killing of ten people during the 2008 presidential election protests. He has been held responsible for both events by the opposition, especially by Armenia's first president Levon Ter-Petrosyan and his party.Both the 1998 and 2003 presidential elections were held in two rounds. They were disputed by the opposition candidates and criticized by international observers. Kocharyan and his family amassed a fortune and extensive business interests worth hundreds of millions of dollars if not billions during his time in office.On July 26, 2018 the Special Investigative Service (SIS) of Armenia charged Kocharian with \u201coverthrowing constitutional order of Armenia\u201d during the final weeks of his rule. The SIS asked a Yerevan court to remand him in pre-trial custody. On July 27, 2018 he was arrested. On August 13, 2018 Kocharyan was freed from custody following a court ruling, but remained accused of the charges he was arrested for. On December 7, 2018 Kocharyan was arrested again following another ruling by the Court of Appeals. Armenia's Criminal Court of Appeal refused to release him from custody on February 7, 2019. Kocharyan's trial began on May 13, 2019. On May 18, 2019 Kocharyan was freed on bail from pre-trial detention. On June 25, 2019 he was arrested for the third time.", "Q190117": "The automotive industry comprises a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles. It is one of the world's largest economic sectors by revenue. The automotive industry does not include industries dedicated to the maintenance of automobiles following delivery to the end-user, such as automobile repair shops and motor fuel filling stations.\nThe word automotive comes from the Greek autos (self), and Latin motivus (of motion), referring to any form of self-powered vehicle. This term, as proposed by Elmer Sperry\n(1860-1930), first came into use with reference to automobiles in 1898.", "Q102475": "G\u00fcnther Stein or Gunther Stein was a German print journalist.\nStein was a foreign correspondent in China for the Manchester Guardian, the Christian Science Monitor, and the Associated Press.\nErwin D. Canham, editor of the Monitor during this period wrote later in his 1958 history of the newspaper, \"Commitment to Freedom,\" of Stein's brief contribution to the paper from Japan and China which ended in 1945. He refers to reports of Stein as working for the Soviet Union while in Japan and the connection with the Sorge spy ring. He refers to Stein as \"enigmatic\" and says that \"too little was known.\"\nSenator Joseph McCarthy accused Stein of spying for China during the Red Scare, as part of the Sorge spy ring.[1]\nToledano wrote that in 1942 the Institute of Pacific Relations invited Stein to become its Chungking correspondent, from where he wrote books and articles to convey the idea that the Chinese Communists were \"a superlative breed of idealists.\"", "Q318481": "Apolinario Mabini y Maranan (July 23, 1864 \u2013 May 13, 1903) was a Filipino revolutionary leader, educator, lawyer, and statesman who served first as a legal and constitutional adviser to the Revolutionary Government, and then as the first Prime Minister of the Philippines upon the establishment of the First Philippine Republic. He is regarded as the \"utak ng himagsikan\" or \"brain of the revolution\".\nTwo of his works, El Verdadero Decalogo (The True Decalogue, June 24, 1898), and Programa Constitucional dela Republica Filipina (The Constitutional Program of the Philippine Republic, 1898) became instrumental in the drafting of what would eventually be known as the Malolos Constitution.Mabini performed all his revolutionary and governmental activities despite having lost the use of both his legs to polio shortly before the Philippine Revolution of 1896.\nMabini's role in Philippine history saw him confronting first Spanish colonial rule in the opening days of the Philippine Revolution, and then American colonial rule in the days of the Philippine\u2013American War. The latter saw Mabini captured and exiled to Guam by American colonial authorities, allowed to return only two months before his eventual death in May 1903.", "Q337462": "George Eric Newby (6 December 1919 \u2013 20 October 2006) was an English travel author. Newby's best known works include A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush, The Last Grain Race, and Round Ireland in Low Gear.", "Q23333": "Edward Gough Whitlam (; 11 July 1916 \u2013 21 October 2014) was the 21st Prime Minister of Australia, serving from 1972 to 1975. The Leader of the Labor Party from 1967 to 1977, Whitlam led his party to power for the first time in 23 years at the 1972 election. He won the 1974 election before being controversially dismissed by the Governor-General of Australia, Sir John Kerr, at the climax of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis. Whitlam remains the only Australian prime minister to have been removed from office in this manner.\nWhitlam served as an air navigator in the Royal Australian Air Force for four years during World War II, and worked as a barrister following the war. He was first elected to Parliament in 1952, representing Werriwa in the House of Representatives. Whitlam became Deputy Leader of the Labor Party in 1960, and in 1967, after the retirement of Arthur Calwell, was elected Leader and became the Leader of the Opposition. After narrowly losing the 1969 election, Whitlam led Labor to victory at the 1972 election after 23 years of continuous Liberal-Country Coalition Government.\nThe Whitlam Government implemented a large number of new programs and policy changes, including the termination of military conscription, institution of universal health care and free university education, and the implementation of legal aid programs. With the opposition-controlled Senate delaying passage of bills, Whitlam called a double dissolution election in 1974 in which he won a majority in the House of Representatives, albeit a slightly reduced one, and picked up three Senate seats. The Whitlam government then instituted the first and only joint sitting enabled under s. 57 of the Constitution as part of the double dissolution process. Despite the government's second election victory, the opposition, reacting to government scandals and a flagging economy suffering from the 1973 oil crisis and the 1973\u201375 recession, continued to obstruct the government's program in the Senate. In late 1975, the Opposition Senators refused to allow a vote on the government's appropriation bills, returning them to the House of Representatives with a demand that the government go to an election, thus denying the government supply. Whitlam refused to back down, arguing that his government, which held a clear majority in the House of Representatives, was being held to ransom by the Senate. The crisis ended on 11 November, when Whitlam arrived at a pre-arranged meeting with the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, at Government House to call a half-Senate election. Kerr dismissed him and commissioned the opposition leader, Malcolm Fraser, as prime minister. Labor lost the subsequent election by a landslide.\nWhitlam stepped down after losing again at the 1977 election, and retired from parliament in 1978. Upon the election of the Hawke Government in 1983, he was appointed as Ambassador to UNESCO, a position he filled with distinction, and was elected a member of the UNESCO Executive Board. He remained active into his nineties. The propriety and circumstances of his dismissal and the legacy of his government have been frequently debated in the decades after he left office.\n\n", "Q290811": "Lawnmower Man 2: Beyond Cyberspace (also subtitled Jobe's War) is a 1996 science fiction action film written and directed by Farhad Mann, and starring Matt Frewer, Patrick Bergin, Austin O'Brien, and Ely Pouget. It is a sequel to the 1992 film The Lawnmower Man. The film was negatively reviewed by both critics and fans of the original film.", "Q4492892": "Aleksandr Vladimirovich Frolov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432) (born 17 May 1964) is the CEO of Evraz, one of the largest steel producers. In 2013, the company became the largest Russian producer of coking coal. According to Forbes list of billionaires, he has a net worth of $2.4 billion as of March 2018. He ranks #1,161 on Forbes\u2019 List of Billionaires.", "Q147129": "Zao () is an American metalcore band from Parkersburg, West Virginia. Founded in March 1993, Zao has hosted several musicians and endured numerous roster changes to the point where no original members remain. Former drummer Jesse Smith, singer Dan Weyandt, and guitarists Scott Mellinger and Russ Cogdell are seen by some fans as the \"core\" of Zao, with the current line up being the longest running in the band's history.\nFor a time, the band featured Christian themes in their music and was regarded as a Christian band, however this theme was eventually met with debate among the members and the band currently no longer considers themselves a \"Christian band\" with only bassist Martin Lunn identifying as a Christian.To date, Zao has released 11 full-length albums, 9 EPs or splits, a two-disc DVD documentary and embarked on numerous concert tours, garnering a limited but global fan base and earning critical praise in the process.\n\n", "Q119733": "Herbert Meier (29 August 1928 \u2013 21 September 2018) was a Swiss writer and translator.\nMeier studied literature, history of art and philosophy at the universities of Basel, Vienna, Paris and Fribourg.\nSince 1955, Meier has been a freelance writer in Zurich. He won the Conrad-Ferdinand-Meyer-Preis in 1964. The main component of his work has been translating classical and modern theatre plays from French into German (authors such as Paul Claudel and Georges Schehad\u00e9).", "Q65366": "Rothenbrunnen (Giuvaulta in romansh) is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q62409": "Franz Reuleaux (French: [\u0281\u0153lo]; German: [\u0281\u00f8\u02c8lo\u02d0]; 30 September 1829 \u2013 20 August 1905), was a German mechanical engineer and a lecturer of the Berlin Royal Technical Academy, later appointed as the President of the Academy. He was often called the father of kinematics. He was a leader in his profession, contributing to many important domains of science and knowledge.\nToday, he may be best remembered for the Reuleaux triangle, a curve of constant width that he helped develop as a useful mechanical form.", "Q901070": "Richard Kirwan, LL.D, FRS, FRSE MRIA (1 August 1733 \u2013 22 June 1812) was an Irish geologist and chemist. He was one of the last supporters of the theory of phlogiston.\nKirwan was active in the fields of chemistry, meteorology, and geology. He was widely known in his day, corresponding and meeting with Lavoisier, Black, Priestley, and Cavendish.", "Q15859": "Lotf Ali Khan (Persian: \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u200e) (c. 1769 \u2013 1794) was the last Shah of Persia (reigned 1789\u20131794) of the Zand dynasty.", "Q109520": "Hans-Joachim Preil (June 26, 1923 \u2013 November 2, 1999) was an East German comedian.", "Q235507": "Mistinguett (French: [mist\u025b\u0303\u0261\u025bt], born Jeanne Florentine Bourgeois; 3 April 1875 \u2013 5 January 1956) was a French actor and singer. She was at one time the highest-paid female entertainer in the world.", "Q288086": "Dame Felicity Ann Emwhyla Lott, (born 8 May 1947) is an English soprano.", "Q598964": "Michael Deane Harris (born January 23, 1945) is a Canadian politician who served as the 22nd Premier of Ontario from June 26, 1995 to April 14, 2002. He is most noted for the \"Common Sense Revolution\", his Progressive Conservative government's program of deficit reduction in combination with lower taxes and cuts to education and social services.", "Q715352": "Gonzalo Aguirre Ram\u00edrez (born January 25, 1940) is a Uruguayan politician, lawyer and newspaper columnist. He served as Vice President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995.", "Q15681": "Ja\u00e9n (Spanish pronunciation: [xa\u02c8en]) is a city in south-central Spain, located in the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is the capital of the province of Ja\u00e9n.\nIts population is 116,731 (2012), about one-sixth of the population of the province. Recently Ja\u00e9n has had a great increase in cultural tourism, having received 604,523 tourists along the year 2015, 10% more than in 2014. \nThe city is also known as the World Capital of Olive Oil, because it is the biggest producer of the oil, known by locals as liquid gold.\nThe layout of Ja\u00e9n is determined by its position in the hills of the Santa Catalina mountains, with steep, narrow streets, in the historical central city district.\nThe city of Ja\u00e9n is the administrative and industrial centre for the province. Industrial establishments in the city include chemical works, tanneries, distilleries, cookie factories, textile factories, as well as agricultural and olive oil processing machinery industry.", "Q3373648": "Adolf Zethelius (born Erik Adolf Zethelius; 19 February 1781 \u2013 7 March 7, 1864) was a Swedish silversmith and industrialist and owner of the Swedish ironworks Surahammars bruk and Nyby bruk.", "Q233162": "Eva Angelina (born Nicole Tyler, March 14, 1985) is an American pornographic actress, feature dancer, and real estate agent. She began her career at around 18 years old and has won several industry awards, including the 2008 AVN Award for Best Actress \u2013 Video and the 2008 XBIZ Award for Female Performer of the Year.", "Q91595": "Waldemar Verner (27 August 1914 in Chemnitz, Germany \u2013 15 February 1982) was chief of the People's Navy (Volksmarine) of the National People's Army of the German Democratic Republic and brother of Paul Verner.\nThe son of a metalworker he trained as a window decorator. In 1923, Verner joined the Communist Young Spartacus organization and Communist Youth Federation of Germany (KJVD) in 1929. He became a member of the Communist Party Germany (KPD) in 1930. Verner was arrested and imprisoned by the Nazis because of their accusing him of illegal activities in the KPD, and he went into exile in the Soviet Union. There he attended the VI World Congress of the Communist Youth International in 1935 and later the International Lenin School. Starting in 1938, Verner was operating for the KPD in Denmark.\nHe returned to Germany at the end of 1945. After the founding of the SED in 1946 he served as acting District Chairman in Hagenow.\nIn May 1947, at the suggestion the National Board of the SED and the District Board of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in the Stralsund he was appointed as the District Chairman replacing Ernst Guth. In September 1947 he served as a delegate at the 2nd Congress of the SED, and in December 1947 at the 1st German People's Congress in Berlin.\nVerner ran for the election to the 3rd German People's Congress in May 1949 against Paul Sack (FDGB Party), Kurt Kr\u00f6nng (LDPD Party) und Hartwig Stender (CDU Party) and was elected by 74.9% of the votes cast in the Stralsund election district.\nVerner's career as a naval officer began on 15 June 1950. He served as the Inspector General of the Main Administration Sea Police until 1952. From 1952 to 1955, Verner held the office of the Chief of the People's Police-Sea located in Stralsund with the rank of Vizeadmiral (since 1 October 1952). From 1955 to 1956, he studied at the Soviet Naval Academy.\nFrom 1957 to 1959 Verner was Chief of the East German Navy (Seestreitkr\u00e4fte). He was then appointed as Deputy Minister of National Defense of the German Democratic Republic and the head of the political headquarters of the National People's Army (Volksarmee). He served in these positions until his retirement from active service on 31 December 1978. On 1 March 1961 he became the first officer to the People's Navy to be promoted to admiral.\nOn 8 May 1980 the city of Stralsund honored him in appreciation of his contribution to the development of the city. This honor was withdrawn after the reunification of Germany.", "Q65372": "Walter Buch (24 October 1883 \u2013 12 November 1949) was a German jurist and SS official during the Nazi era. He was Martin Bormann's father-in-law. After the end of the Second World War in Europe, Buch was classified as a major regime functionary or \"Hauptschuldiger\" in the denazification proceedings in 1949. On 12 November of that year, he committed suicide.", "Q101168": "Georg Christian Dieffenbach (4 December 1822 Schlitz, Hesse - 10 May 1901 Schlitz) was a German poet and theologian.", "Q106607": "Carole Bouquet (born 18 August 1957) is a French actress and fashion model, who has appeared in more than 60 films since 1977. She played Bond girl Melina Havelock in the 1981 James Bond film For Your Eyes Only. In 1990, she was awarded the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress for her role in Too Beautiful for You. She was the face of Chanel No. 5 fragrance from 1986 to 1997.\n\n", "Q361630": "Richard Roxburgh (born 23 January 1962) is an Australian actor, writer, producer, and director. He has won acclaim for his performances on the stage in productions by the Sydney Theatre Company and others, in Australian films and television series (Baz Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge!, Rake), and in a number of Hollywood productions (Van Helsing, Mission: Impossible 2).", "Q160582": "Michele Marie Bachmann (; n\u00e9e Amble; born April 6, 1956) is an American politician and a member of the Republican Party. She represented Minnesota's 6th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 2007 to 2015. The district includes St. Cloud and several of the northern suburbs of the Twin Cities.\nBachmann was a candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2012 U.S. presidential election, winning the Ames Straw Poll in August 2011 but dropping out in January 2012 after finishing in sixth place in the Iowa caucuses. She previously served in the Minnesota Senate and is the first Republican woman to represent Minnesota in Congress. She is a supporter of the Tea Party movement and a founder of the House Tea Party Caucus.\n\n", "Q2092727": "Pier Miranda Ferraro (October 30, 1924 \u2013 January 18, 2008) was an Italian operatic tenor who had an active international opera career from 1951 through 1981. He particularly excelled in the dramatic Italian repertoire with his signature role being the title role in Giuseppe Verdi's opera Otello. Other important roles in his performance repertoire included Radames in Verdi's Aida, Alvaro in La Forza del Destino, and des Grieux in Giacomo Puccini's Manon Lescaut. He also found success in the German repertoire portraying Wagnerian heroes. Although he was a gifted singer and had a highly impressive list of performance credits, he never achieved the international recognition enjoyed by his most important contemporaries, such as Franco Corelli or Mario Del Monaco. After retiring from the opera stage in 1981 he took up a second highly successful career as a voice teacher.", "Q331007": "Peter Kassovitz (born 17 November 1938) is a French film director and scriptwriter.", "Q448953": "Hubertine Auclert (April 10, 1848 in Saint-Priest-en-Murat \u2013 August 4, 1914 in Paris) was a leading French feminist and a campaigner for women's suffrage.", "Q281908": "James Richard Steinman (born November 1, 1947) is an American composer, lyricist, record producer, and playwright. He has also worked as an arranger, pianist and singer. His work has included songs in the adult contemporary, rock and roll, dance, pop, musical theater and film score genres. Beginning his career in musical theater, Steinman's most notable work in the area includes lyrics for Whistle Down the Wind and music for Tanz der Vampire.\nHis work includes such albums as Meat Loaf's Bat Out of Hell (which is one of the best selling albums of all time) and Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell, and producing albums for Bonnie Tyler. His most successful chart singles include Tyler's \"Total Eclipse of the Heart\", Air Supply's \"Making Love Out of Nothing at All\", Meat Loaf's \"I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)\", the Sisters of Mercy's \"This Corrosion\" and \"More\", Barry Manilow's \"Read 'Em and Weep\", Celine Dion's cover of \"It's All Coming Back to Me Now\" (originally released by Steinman's project Pandora's Box) and Boyzone's \"No Matter What\" (as the group's first and only single to be popular and chart in the US). The album Bad for Good was released in his own name in 1981.\nJim Steinman is credited with book, music, and lyrics for Bat Out of Hell: The Musical, which, following a successful preview run in Manchester, had two runs on London's West End, two runs in Toronto's Ed Mirvish Theatre, a German-language production in Oberhausen, and a short run at the New York City Center.", "Q1261353": "Christopher Alexander Luis Casillas von Uckermann (born October 21, 1986) is a Mexican singer, songwriter and actor. He started his acting career when he was only two years old in TV commercials, and became known worldwide after his roles as Diego Bustamante in the soap opera Rebelde and Father Ramiro Ventura in the supernatural horror web series Diablero. He was a member of the band RBD from 2004 to 2009 and has been a solo artist since the band's split, having released one album, Somos, in 2010, and one EP called La Revoluci\u00f3n de los Ciegos in 2017.", "Q15695": "Salamanca ( SAL-\u0259-MANK-\u0259, Spanish: [sala\u02c8ma\u014bka]) is a city in western Spain that is the capital of the Province of Salamanca in the community of Castile and Le\u00f3n. The city lies on several hills by the Tormes River. Its Old City was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. As of 2018, the municipality has a population of 143,978.\nIt is one of the most important university cities in Spain and supplies 16% of Spain's market for the teaching of the Spanish language. Salamanca attracts thousands of international students.It is situated approximately 200 kilometres (120 miles) west of the Spanish capital Madrid and 80 km (50 mi) east of the Portuguese border. The University of Salamanca, which was founded in 1218, is one of the oldest universities in Spain and the third oldest western university, but the first to be given its status by the Pope Alexander IV who gave universal validity to its degrees. With its 30,000 students, the university is, together with tourism, a primary source of income in Salamanca. It is on the Via de la Plata path of the Camino de Santiago.", "Q1467579": "Gary Meek (born March 16, 1961) is an American jazz and fusion saxophone and keyboard artist. As a featured artist or session musician he has contributed to more than 150 albums.", "Q68656": "Walter Blume (23 July 1906 \u2013 13 November 1974) was a mid-ranking SS commander and leader of Sonderkommando 7a, part of the extermination commando group Einsatzgruppe B. The unit perpetrated the killings of thousands of Jews in Belarus and Russia. Blume was responsible for the deportation of over 46,000 Greek Jews to Auschwitz.\n\n", "Q114203": "Radu II Praznaglava (Radu II Empty Head/in Old Bulgarian/), (? \u2013 1428?) was a ruler of Wallachia in the 15th century, ruling for 4 terms, each time preceded by Dan II, his rival for the throne, and each time succeeded by him. Of those 4 periods on the throne of Wallachia, all were within a period of only 7 years, and 3 terms lasted less than a year. He ruled:\n\nAugust 1420 \u2013 1422\nsummer of 1423\nautumn of 1424\nJanuary \u2013 spring of 1427Son of Mircea cel Batran, he was probably the last voievod of Wallachia to assert control of Banat and southern Basarabia. Dobrogea was lost in 1417.\nHis short intervals of rulership were marked by frequent and violent clashes with his rival and cousin, Dan II, for the throne of the principality.\nHe found shelter and military support from the Ottoman Empire, and it was this submission to the Ottomans which ultimately caused Wallachia to lose Dobrogea and other territories.\nRadu II is last mentioned in the spring of 1427, when Dan II attacked him from Transylvania, retook the throne, and most probably killed him.\nHis nickname, as appears in Slavonic writings (Praznaglava), could also be translated as \"simple-minded\", but the more likely meaning is \u201dvoid of hair (bald)\u201d.\nHe is considered an obscure ruler, which placed Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty.", "Q877858": "Christopher Adam Daughtry (born December 26, 1979) is an American singer, songwriter and actor. He is known as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist for the rock band Daughtry and as the fourth-place contestant on the fifth season of American Idol. After Idol, he was given a record deal by RCA Records and formed a band called Daughtry. Their self-titled debut album became the fastest selling debut rock album in Nielsen SoundScan history, selling more than one million copies after five weeks of release. The album was recorded before the band was officially formed, making him the only official member present on the album.\nIn its ninth week of release, Daughtry reached number one on the Billboard chart. Chris Daughtry is now the third most successful American Idol contestant in terms of record sales, behind Kelly Clarkson and Carrie Underwood, who both won their respective seasons. At the 50th Grammy Awards, the band was nominated for Best Rock Song for the single \"It's Not Over\".\nSince the band's first album, Chris Daughtry has collaborated with several artists, including Slash, Sevendust, Theory of a Deadman, Chad Kroeger, Brad Arnold, Vince Gill, and Carlos Santana. He is known for his powerful vocal belting technique and wide vocal range.", "Q162395": "Andrew Henry William Brons (born 3 June 1947, London) is a British politician and former MEP. Long active in far-right politics in Britain, he was elected as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Yorkshire and the Humber for the British National Party (BNP) at the 2009 European Parliament election. He was the Chairman of the National Front in the early 1980s. He resigned the BNP whip in October 2012 and became patron of the British Democratic Party. He did not seek re-election in 2014.", "Q188994": "Drum and bass (also written as \"drum 'n' bass\"; commonly abbreviated as \"D&B\", \"DnB\" or \"D'n'B\") is a genre of electronic music characterised by fast breakbeats (typically 160\u2013180 beats per minute) with heavy bass and sub-bass lines, sampled sources, and synthesizers. The music grew out of breakbeat hardcore (and its derivatives of darkcore, and hardcore jungle). The popularity of drum and bass at its commercial peak ran parallel to several other homegrown dance styles in the UK. A major influence was the original Jamaican dub and reggae sound. Another feature of the style is the complex syncopation of the drum tracks' breakbeat.Drum and bass subgenres include breakcore, ragga jungle, hardstep, darkstep, techstep, neurofunk, ambient drum and bass, liquid funk (aka liquid drum and bass), jump up, drumfunk, funkstep, sambass, and drill 'n' bass. From its roots in the UK, the style has established itself around the world. Drum and bass has influenced many other genres like hip hop, big beat, dubstep, house, trip hop, ambient music, techno, jazz, rock and pop. Drum and bass is dominated by a relatively small group of record labels. Major international music labels had shown very little interest in the drum and bass scene until BMG Rights Management acquired RAM in February 2016. Drum and bass remains most popular in the UK, although it has developed scenes all around the world.", "Q76468": "Hans Lipperhey (1570 \u2013 buried 29 September 1619), also known as Johann Lippershey or Lippershey, was a German-Dutch spectacle-maker. He is commonly associated with the invention of the telescope, because he was the first one who tried to obtain a patent for it. It is, however, unclear if he was the first one to build a telescope.\n\n", "Q112672": "Ernest Wichner (born in Z\u0103brani, 17 April 1952) is a German writer, editor and literary translator.", "Q61114": "Carl Albert Fritz Michael Gerlich (15 February 1883 \u2013 30 June 1934) was a German journalist and historian, and one of the main journalistic resistors of Adolf Hitler. He was arrested, later killed and cremated at the Dachau concentration camp.", "Q795220": "Christopher Noel Dorsey (born September 3, 1980), better known by his stage name B.G. (short for \"Baby Gangsta\"), is an American rapper from New Orleans, Louisiana. He began his music career signing to Cash Money Records in 1996. He, Lil Wayne, along with rappers Juvenile and Turk, collectively formed the group, the Hot Boys in 1997. B.G. released several solo albums for Cash Money, including the platinum-selling Chopper City in the Ghetto in 1999. In 2001, he resigned from Cash Money Records and created his own label, Chopper City Records.\n\n", "Q422234": "George James Snelus (1837 - 1906) was an English metallurgist, known to be the first to remove phosphorus from pig iron, by oxidizing it in a converter lined with basic refractory materials. Facing difficulties to perform a reliable and cheap lining, he delayed further improvements and failed to find a practical solution, which was finally found by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas.\nSnelus was awarded of the Bessemer Gold Medal for his research on dephosphorization. He shared the financial benefits of the basic process patents with Sidney Gilchrist Thomas and Percy Carlyle Gilchrist.", "Q793889": "Seyyed Zia ol Din Tabatabaee (June 1889 \u2013 August 29, 1969; Persian: \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0636\u06cc\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200e) was an Iranian politician and the Prime Minister of Iran (Persia) from February to May 1921 under Ahmad Shah, the last Shah of the Qajar dynasty.", "Q284870": "Death Warrant is a 1990 American action crime mystery-thriller film directed by Deran Sarafian and produced by Mark di Salle. The film was written by David S. Goyer while a student at USC, and was Goyer's first screenplay to be sold and produced commercially. In the film, the police detective Louis Burke is going into a prison facility at California as an undercover cop in order to find out who stands behind a mysterious series of murders, and finds himself locked up with his nemesis: Christian Naylor, a psychotic serial killer who calls himself \"The Sandman\" who sets out to exact revenge upon him after getting into prison.\nDeath Warrant was released on September 14, 1990. Upon its release, the film grossed $46 million against production budget of only $6 million. The film received general mixed critical reaction from critics who found the direction, its storyline, villain, and the plot poor, but highly praised the acting as well as the action scenes and the thrilling atmosphere.", "Q20148": "Chang Hsueh-liang or Zhang Xueliang (later, Peter H. L. Chang) (3 June 1901 \u2013 15 October 2001), nicknamed the \"Young Marshal\" (\u5c11\u5e25), was the effective ruler of Northeast China and much of northern China after the assassination of his father, Zhang Zuolin (the \"Old Marshal\"), by the Japanese on 4 June 1928. He was an instigator of the 1936 Xi'an Incident, in which Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of China's ruling party, was arrested in order to force him to enter into a truce with the insurgent Chinese Communist Party and form a united front against Japan, which had occupied Manchuria. As a result, he spent over 50 years under house arrest, first in mainland China and then in Taiwan. He is regarded by the Chinese Communist Party as a patriotic hero for his role in the Xi'an Incident. He is also known for having an affair with Edda Mussolini.", "Q71461": "Irmgard Keun (6 February 1905 \u2013 5 May 1982) was a German novelist. She is noted for her portrayals of the life of women and is \u201c...often reduced to the bold sexuality of her writing, Keun was a significant author of the late Weimar period and die Neue Sachlichkeit.\" She was born into an affluent family and was given the autonomy to explore her passions. After her attempts at acting ended at the age of 16, Keun began working as a writer after years of working in Hamburg and Greifswald. Her books were banned by Nazi authorities but gained recognition during the final years of her life.", "Q238751": "Baron Lajos D\u00f3czi, aka D\u00f3czy (Hungarian: D\u00f3czi Lajos, b\u00e1r\u00f3, German: Ludwig (Louis) D\u00f3czy (born \"Dux\"), November 29 (November 30), 1845, Sopron (Oedenburg) - August 28, 1918, Budapest) was a Jewish (later Christian) Hungarian poet, journalist. His father, Adolf Dux, was a wine trader, and is not to be confused with the writer of the same name, Adolf Dux.\nAfter finishing his preliminary education he studied law in Vienna, joining at the same time the staff of Die Presse. His political articles, which advocated the \"Ausgleich\" (agreement) with Austria, were very favorably received, and on the recommendation of Balthasar Horv\u00e1th, then Minister of Justice, he was appointed (1868) clerk in the office of the prime minister.\nWhen Count Julius Andr\u00e1ssy became minister of foreign affairs (1872) D\u00f3czy accompanied him to Vienna, and was soon appointed \"Sectionsrath\", and later \"Hofrath\", at the Foreign Office. In 1899 he was elevated to the rank of baron, and in 1902 retired from public life. He resided in Deutschkreutz and Budapest.\nD\u00f3czy's reputation rests not on the services he rendered to the state, but on his achievements as a dramatic writer and as a translator. Cs\u00f3k (The Kiss), his best-known comedy, which is played in German as well as in Hungarian theaters, gained the prize of the Hungarian Academy in 1871; the German translation was made by the author himself.Among his other plays are:\n\nUtols\u00f3 Szerelem (Last Love), 1879\nSz\u00e9chy M\u00e1ria, 1886\nVegyes: P\u00e1rok (Mixed Marriages), 1889\nVera Gr\u00f3fn\u0151, 1891\nEllinor Kir\u00e1lyle\u00e1ny, tragedy, 1897Besides these he translated Schauffert's comedy Schach dem K\u00f6nig, 1873, and wrote the libretto to Karl Goldmark's Merlin and to Johann Strauss II.'s Ritter P\u00e1zm\u00e1n.His Hungarian translation of Goethe's Faust and his German adaptation of Imre Mad\u00e1ch's Az ember trag\u00e9di\u00e1ja (German: Die Trag\u00f6die des Menschen) were well received. His collected poems and novels appeared in 1890. His last work was a Hungarian translation of Schiller's poems (1902).", "Q174291": "Morning Musume '20 (\u30e2\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u5a18\u3002 '20, M\u014dningu Musume Two-Zero.), formerly simply Morning Musume (\u30e2\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u5a18\u3002, M\u014dningu Musume.) and colloquially referred to as Momusu (\u30e2\u30fc\u5a18\u3002, M\u014dmusu.), are a Japanese female idol group, holding the second highest overall single sales (of a female group) on the Oricon charts as of February 2012, with the Oricon record of most top ten singles with an amount of 64, and they have sold over 21 million copies in Japan alone.\nMorning Musume was formed in 1997 by rock singer-songwriter turned record producer Tsunku, who later composed the vast majority of the group's songs over the decade. They are the lead group of Hello! Project that specialises in upbeat, pop-oriented music coupled with dance performance. The group produced several splinter groups, and often collaborates with other Hello! Project acts, including Country Musume, Berryz Kobo, Cute, Melon Kinenbi, and v-u-den. The group's name can be translated as \"Morning Girls\" or \"Morning Daughters\"; as the name suggests, it consists of members mostly in their late adolescence and early 20s. The average age of the group members has remained more or less unchanged since its original formation because the group maintains a \"school-like\" system for their continuous line-up changes, with older members \"graduating\" and new, usually younger, members selected from nationwide auditions admitted to the group almost annually.", "Q7060409": "Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law, often shortened to Northwestern Pritzker School of Law, is one of the professional graduate schools of Northwestern University, located in Chicago, Illinois. Northwestern Law is a member of the \"Top 14 (T-14)\", a group of law schools that have national recognition.Founded in 1859, it was the first law school established in Chicago. Notable alumni include: Arthur Goldberg, United States Supreme Court Justice; Governor of Illinois, cabinet secretary, and Democratic presidential candidate, Adlai Stevenson; John Paul Stevens, United States Supreme Court Justice; Newton Minow, former Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission; and Harold Washington, the first black Mayor of Chicago (1983\u201387) and earlier a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.", "Q78323": "Martin Rinkart, or Rinckart (23 April 1586, Eilenburg \u2013 8 December 1649) was a German Lutheran clergyman and hymnist. He is best known for the text to \"Now thank we all our God\" (Nun danket alle Gott), which was written ca. 1636. It was set to music by Johann Cr\u00fcger about 1647, and translated into English in the 19th century by Catherine Winkworth.\nRinkart was a deacon at Eisleben and archdeacon at Eilenburg, where he was born and also died. He served there during the Thirty Years' War and a severe plague in 1637.", "Q807401": "Barbara Kay Donald (September 2, 1942, Minneapolis - March 23, 2013 Olympia) was an American jazz trumpeter and bandleader.\nDonald began playing trumpet at eight years of age in Minnesota, and her family relocated to California when she was a teenager. Starting in the early 1960s, she began touring with both rhythm and blues and jazz ensembles throughout the US, and played with John Coltrane, Stanley Cowell, Richard Davis, Dexter Gordon, Roland Kirk, Prince Lasha, and Sonny Simmons. In 1964, Donald and Simmons wed; one of their children, Zarak Simmons, became a percussionist. Starting in the late 1970s, she began recording with her own ensembles while living in Washington, for the label Cadence Jazz. Her sidemen at the time included her son Zarak and Rahn Burton.\nAfter experiencing a series of strokes that rendered her unable to actively play live, Donald had been living in an assisted care facility in Olympia, Washington, from 1998 until her death in 2013.", "Q67203": "Tavannes is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains.", "Q39419": "Allene Ray (January 2, 1901 \u2013 May 5, 1979) was an American film actress.", "Q576671": "Highland Park is a suburban city in Lake County, Illinois, United States, about 25 miles (40 km) north of downtown Chicago. As of the 2018 population estimate, the population was 29,622. Highland Park is one of several municipalities located on the North Shore of the Chicago metropolitan area.", "Q373552": "Sir Colville Norbert Young (born 20 November 1932) is the Governor-General of Belize, and also patron of the Scout Association of Belize. He was appointed Governor-General in 1993, taking office on 17 November of that year, and was knighted in 1994.\n\n", "Q3126801": "Hank Mann (born David William Lieberman, May 28, 1888 \u2013 November 25, 1971) was a comedian and silent screen star who was the last surviving member of the Keystone Cops. According to fellow actor and original member of the ensemble Edgar Kennedy, Mann was the originator of the idea for the Keystone Cops.", "Q68130": "Mite Kremnitz (4 January 1852, Greifswald \u2013 18 July 1916 in Berlin), born Marie von Bardeleben (pen names George Allan, Ditto and Idem), was a German writer.", "Q99877": "Stephan Meyer (born June 18, 1981; Zittau) is a German politician (CDU). He was directly elected to the state parliament of Saxony to represent the constituency of Loebau-Zittau 2.", "Q466310": "Pietro Fenoglio (Turin, 3 May 1865 - Corio, 22 August 1927) was an Italian architect and engineer, considered one of the most important pioneers of Art Nouveau in Italy.\nFenoglio quickly grasped the ascendancy of Art Nouveau as it appeared in Italy at the turn of the century as the \"Stile Floreale\" or \"Stile Liberty\" (Liberty style, named after the British department store Liberty & Company, a major purveyor of Art Nouveau furniture and decorative arts), during a period when Italian architects were searching for a national style of modern architecture. He took advantage of the very favorable economic climate to become one of the style's most fervent supporters in northern Italy before the First World War. Building little after 1912, Fenoglio parlayed his success as a designer into a diverse set of economic ventures, eventually landing him the directorship of a bank in 1915.", "Q367527": "The Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Anc. \u00c9tablissements Luc Court et Cie was a French automobile manufactured in Lyon from 1899 until 1936.\nEarly models had a distinctive \"demountable chassis\". Designed by one Lacoin, the front part of the chassis could be removed from the bodywork and rear wheels; this could then be attached to a different body and wheels. The transformation was advertised as \"taking place within a few minutes, without tools\". 1912 saw the company produce a range of three cars, fours of 2155 cc and 3631 cc and a six of 3233 cc. The company continued production of passenger vehicles until shortly before World War II; after the war, it built mostly light commercial vehicles, as well as a few 12 hp and 20 hp cars.", "Q562604": "Philippe le Bon (or Lebon) (D'Humbersin) (May 29, 1767 \u2013 December 1, 1804) was a French engineer, born in Brachay, France.\nThere is much confusion about his life and accomplishments. His main contributions were improvements to steam engines and industrializing the extraction of lighting gas from wood. He died assassinated in 1804.He also designed, though apparently did not build, a wood gas engine. (Not the first.) Like other early engines, it had no compression in its main cylinder. It has three mechanically connected cylinders, each double acting, one to compress the air, one to compress the gas and one driven by the burned mixture.\nThis engine resembles an internal combustion engine, but the combustion actually takes place in a combustion chamber separated by mechanically controlled valves from the cylinders. This makes it a steam engine running on combustion products instead of on steam, or the piston equivalent of a gas turbine.\nHardenberg's analysis shows a theoretical efficiency and specific power much less than those of the earlier Street engine, but this assumes that the intake valve stays open during the whole power stroke. Assuming that the inventor had more in his mind than what he wrote on paper and therefore allowing arbitrary valve timing, its idealized thermodynamic cycle is similar to that of a gas turbine, which can have a high compression ratio and relatively high efficiency. This assumes, contrary to what Hardenberg seems to assume, that the combustion chamber would have been big enough to act as a pressure reservoir. Of course one's place in history depends on what one does and writes more than on what one can be assumed to have thought. Certainly, all but possibly Hardenberg, must have seen that it would give more room for optimization than the Street engine did. The reasons that it has never been used must be the obvious thermal and mechanical problems, such as heat loss from the combustion products to the containing structures.\nIn 1801, Philippe Lebon invented an engine that improved on Robert Steele's design. It used coal gas ignited by an electric spark. This was the first internal combustion engine. Although, very inefficient it would be later improved in the future. In current society the internal combustion is used in the exceptional modern car.\n\n", "Q715420": "Lara Veronin (born May 2, 1988), more frequently known as Lara Liang (Chinese:\u6881\u5fc3\u9824), is a mixed Taiwanese singer and celebrity. Her mother is Taiwanese and her father is Russian American.", "Q265442": "This is a Chinese name; the family name is Lin. In the stage name, the surname is Ming.Ming Dao (Chinese: \u660e\u9053; pinyin: M\u00edng D\u00e0o; born 26 February 1980) is a Taiwanese actor, singer and model. He is known for starring in The Prince Who Turns into a Frog, which held the highest single episode average rating of 6.99 for a Taiwanese drama from 2005 to 2008, and for being the winner of Best Host in Educational Programme at the 39th Golden Bell Awards.", "Q75607": "Christian Wernicke (January 1661 \u2013 5 September 1725) was a German epigramist and diplomat. His surname has also been spelled Wernigke, Warneck, and Werneke.", "Q109252": "Tobias Kassung (born 1977) is a German classical guitarist and composer.\nHe studied with Prof. Hubert K\u00e4ppel at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik K\u00f6ln and continued his studies with Simon Dinnigan at the UCE Birmingham Conservatoire of Music and with Antigoni Goni at the Conservatoire royal de Bruxelles.\nHe is founder and Artistic Director of the Cologne Classical Ensemble (K\u00f6lner Klassik Ensemble). Between 2005 and 2008 he was appointed lecturer at the University of Cologne. In 2009 he founded, with Hubert K\u00e4ppel KSG Exaudio, a new label especially for guitar music. He is performing as soloist, with the Cologne Classical Ensemble, the Astor Trio and in different duo combinations. He has released recordings with Sony Classical and KSG Exaudio and has been broadcast on several TV and radio stations, e. g. ARD, WDR, HR, Bayrische Rundfunk and SWR. His arrangements and compositions have been published by Tonos (Darmstadt) and KSG Edition (K\u00f6ln).", "Q2655037": "The Batignolles Cemetery (French: Cimeti\u00e8re des Batignolles) is a cemetery in Paris.", "Q157448": "A-Teens (stylized as A\u2605TEENS or A*Teens) were a Swedish pop music group from Stockholm, Sweden, formed by Niklas Berg in 1998 originally as an ABBA tribute band called ABBA-Teens and was later renamed A-Teens. The band members were Marie Serneholt, Amit Sebastian Paul, Dhani Lennevald and Sara Lumholdt. The band's debut album became a success around the world. In 2001, following their second album Teen Spirit, it was reported that the band had sold 2 million copies.After six years together, the band announced they would take a break in 2004 after the release of their Greatest Hits album. Each song from that album became a Top 20 hit in at least one country around the world.\n\n", "Q12844": "Bertilo Wennergren (Swedish: Bertil Wennergren; Esperanto pronunciation [ber\u02c8tilo \u02c8vene\u0261ren]; born 4 October 1956) is a Swedish Esperantist currently living in the village of Schossin in northern Germany.", "Q72168": "Deathstalker and the Warriors from Hell, also known as Deathstalker III: The Warriors from Hell, is a 1988 sword and sorcery fantasy film. It is the third film in the Deathstalker tetralogy.\n\n", "Q470572": "Jesus of Nazareth (Italian: Ges\u00f9 di Nazareth) is a 1977 British-Italian television miniseries directed by Franco Zeffirelli and co-written by Zeffirelli, Anthony Burgess, and Suso Cecchi d'Amico which dramatises the birth, life, ministry, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus. It stars Robert Powell as Jesus, and features an all-star cast of American and European actors, including eight who had won or would go on to win Academy Awards: Anne Bancroft, Ernest Borgnine, Laurence Olivier, Christopher Plummer, Anthony Quinn, Rod Steiger, James Earl Jones, and Peter Ustinov.\nExtra-Biblical traditions were used in the writing of the screenplay, and some characters (such as Zerah) and situations were invented for the film for brevity or dramatic purposes. Jesus of Nazareth depicts Judas Iscariot as a well-intentioned man initially, but later as a dupe of Zerah's who betrays Jesus largely as a result of Zerah's false platitudes and pretexts. However, in accordance with the Gospels, the film depicts Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea as sympathetic members of the Sanhedrin. Many of the miracles of Jesus, such as the changing of water into wine at the wedding at Cana, the transfiguration, and the calming of the storm, are not depicted, although Jesus' healing of Jairus' daughter, the blind man and the crippled woman on the Sabbath, the feeding of the multitude, and the raising of Lazarus from the dead are presented here.\nJesus of Nazareth premiered on 27 March 1977, on the Italian channel Rai 1, and was first aired in the United Kingdom, on 3 April 1977, on the ITV Network. It became a ratings success and received highly positive reviews. Particular praise is often given for Robert Powell's iconic portrayal of the religious leader. Ian McShane's portrayal of Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Jesus, was also well received.", "Q1041749": "Koji Tamaki (\u7389\u7f6e \u6d69\u4e8c, Tamaki K\u014dji, born September 13, 1958) is a Japanese singer-songwriter, and actor. He has been well known as a frontman of the band Anzen Chitai that debuted in 1982 and enjoyed their successful career particularly during the 1980s.\nAs a vocalist and a songwriter of the band, Tamaki spawned multiple successful compositions which were mostly co-written by lyricists including Goro Matsui and Yosui Inoue, by the time that the group suspended their career in 1993.\nIn 1987, Tamaki released the first solo single \"All I Do\", and continued his solo career after Anzen Chitai went into hiatus (1993\u20132001, 2004\u20132009). Throughout his solo career, he has released 23 singles and over a dozen of studio albums. His song \"Den-En\" released as a single in 1996 became a massive hit, which reached the number-two on the Japanese Oricon charts and sold in excess of 900,000 copies.\nTamaki has also been known as an actor who has appeared in seven feature films and numerous television dramas. He has started acting career for the first time on \"Prussian Blue no Shozo\", the 1986 motion picture he starred.\nHe has been married three times; the second wife was actress Hiroko Yakushimaru (divorced in 1998), and the third spouse was keyboardist Satoko Ando, who had formerly worked on his albums and live tours (divorced in 2007). \nDuring Tamaki's first marriage, he had an extra-marital affair with actress Mariko Ishihara between 1983 and 1986. In her autobiography published in 2006, Ishihara confirmed her affair with Tamaki two decades ago. She also described episodes of severe domestic violence meted out to her by Tamaki, which Tamaki later admitted.\nAfter Tamaki's retirement announcement due to health issues in 2008, Ishihara contacted Tamaki and the two began dating again. On February 25, 2009, Tamaki and Ishihara submitted their application for marriage in Tokyo. However, the application was not accepted and he split up with Ishihara after all. Anzen Chitai returned from a recess and released their new single \"Aoi Bara/Wine Red no Kokoro (2010 version)\" on March 3, 2010.\nOn his 2012 album Offer Music Box, Tamaki\u2014who composed the original song\u2014covered Yuki Saito's song \"Kanashimi yo Konnichi wa\", which was used as the first theme song for the anime television series Maison Ikkoku.\n\n", "Q441977": "Catalina Saavedra P\u00e9rez (born January 8, 1968) is a Chilean film, stage and television actress. She is better known to international audiences for playing the title character in the 2009 film The Maid, for which she received several awards and nominations.", "Q23441": "Octave Mirbeau (16 February 1848 \u2013 16 February 1917) was a French novelist, art critic, travel writer, pamphleteer, journalist, and playwright, who achieved celebrity in Europe and great success among the public, while still appealing to the literary and artistic avant-garde with highly transgressive novels that explored violence, abuse and psychological detachment. His work has been translated into thirty languages.", "Q187331": "Zelda Popkin (5 July 1898 \u2013 25 May 1983, n\u00e9e Feinberg) was an American author of novels and mystery stories. She created Mary Carner, one of the first professional female private detectives in fiction. Carner was a store detective who appeared in five novels. Connections have been made with Angela Lansbury\u2019s character in the television series Murder, She Wrote \u2014 Jessica Fletcher.Popkin's most successful book was The Journey Home, published in 1945, which sold nearly a million copies. Small Victory, published in 1947, was one of the first American novels with a Holocaust theme, and Quiet Street (1951) was the first American novel about the creation of the state of Israel.She also wrote an autobiography, Open Every Door (1956), chronicling her childhood, life with her husband Louis Popkins, and life after his death. Herman Had Two Daughters (1968), a novel about two young Jewish women growing up in a small Pennsylvania town, is also largely autobiographical.Zelda Popkin was married to Louis Popkin, and together they ran a small public relations firm until his death. They had two children, Roy and Richard.", "Q83807": "Edward Vincent Sullivan (September 28, 1901 \u2013 October 13, 1974) was an American television personality, impresario, sports and entertainment reporter, and syndicated columnist for the New York Daily News and the Chicago Tribune New York News Syndicate. He is principally remembered as the creator and host of the television variety program The Toast of the Town, later popularly\u2014and, eventually, officially\u2014renamed The Ed Sullivan Show. Broadcast for 23 years from 1948 to 1971, it set a record as the longest-running variety show in US broadcast history. \"It was, by almost any measure, the last great TV show,\" said television critic David Hinckley. \"It's one of our fondest, dearest pop culture memories.\"Sullivan was a broadcasting pioneer at many levels during television's infancy. As TV critic David Bianculli wrote, \"Before MTV, Sullivan presented rock acts. Before Bravo, he presented jazz and classical music and theater. Before the Comedy Channel, even before there was the Tonight Show, Sullivan discovered, anointed and popularized young comedians. Before there were 500 channels, before there was cable, Ed Sullivan was where the choice was. From the start, he was indeed 'the Toast of the Town'.\" In 1996, Sullivan was ranked number 50 on TV Guide's \"50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time\".", "Q463240": "Natividad Betty Veizaga Siles (Vacas, Cochabamba, 1957) is a Bolivian folk music musician.\nShe can play the charango and the ronroco and sings mainly in Quechua.\nShe started in Vacas local radio station and she is a member of Grupo Pukaj Wayra with her siblings, and duets Takiytinku with her husband Rufo Zurita, and Quilla Zurita with her daughter.", "Q172810": "Rodney Nuckey (26 June 1929 in Wood Green, London \u2013 29 June 2000 in Manila, Philippines) was a British racing driver from England. He started in 500cc Formula 3. He entered two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 2 August 1953, although his place in the 1954 British Grand Prix was ultimately taken by Eric Brandon. Nuckey scored no championship points, but he finished third in the non-championship Syracuse Grand Prix in 1953, and took part in many other non-Championship Formula One races.", "Q198211": "Zhuge Liang ([\u0288\u0282\u00fa.k\u0264\u0300 lj\u00e2\u014b] (listen) Chinese: \u8af8\u845b\u4eae; 181\u2013234), courtesy name Kongming, was a Chinese politician, military strategist, writer, engineer and inventor. He served as the chancellor and regent of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. He is recognised as the most accomplished strategist of his era, and has been compared to Sun Tzu, the author of The Art of War. His reputation as an intelligent and learned scholar grew even while he was living in relative seclusion, earning him the nickname \"Wolong\" or \"Fulong\", meaning \"Crouching Dragon\" or \"Sleeping Dragon\". Zhuge Liang is often depicted wearing a Taoist robe and holding a hand fan made of crane feathers.Zhuge Liang was a Confucian-oriented \"Legalist\". He liked to compare himself to the sage minister Guan Zhong, developing Shu's agriculture and industry to become a regional power. and attached great importance to the works of Shen Buhai and Han Fei, refusing to indulge local elites and adopting strict, but fair and clear laws. In remembrance of his governance, local people maintained shrines to him for ages.Zhuge is a two-character Chinese compound family name. His name \u2013 even his surname alone \u2013 has become synonymous with loyalty, intelligence and strategy in Chinese culture.", "Q443190": "Iorgu Iordan (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8jor\u0261u jor\u02c8dan]; also known as Jorgu Jordan or Iorgu Jordan; September 29 [O.S. October 11] 1888\u2013September 20, 1986) was a Romanian linguist, philologist, diplomat, journalist, and left-wing agrarian, later communist, politician. The author of works on a large variety of topics, most of them dealing with issues of the Romanian language and Romance languages in general, he was elected a full member of the Romanian Academy in 1945. He was head of its Institute of Linguistics (currently named after him and Alexandru Rosetti) between 1949 and his retirement in 1962.\nHe was the author of several Romanian language instruments, published under the aegis of the Romanian Academy (including Dic\u0163ionarul limbii rom\u00e2ne - \"Dictionary of the Romanian Language\", Micul Dic\u0163ionar Academic - \"Concise Dictionary of the Academy\" and \u00cendreptar ortografic, ortoepic \u015fi de punctua\u0163ie - \"Guide to Orthography, Orthoepy and Punctuation\").", "Q716101": "Benny Ziffer (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e6\u05d9\u05e4\u05e8\u200e; born 21 January 1953) is an Israeli author and journalist.", "Q381934": "Fernando Rodr\u00edguez Trueba, known as Fernando Trueba, (born 18 January 1955) is a book editor, screenwriter, film director and producer.\nBetween 1974 and 1979, he worked as a film critic for Spain's leading daily newspaper El Pa\u00eds. In 1980, he founded the monthly film magazine Casablanca, which he edited and directed during its first two years. He is the author of Diccionario (Planeta 1997, Plot 2004, Galaxia Guttenberg 2006) and the editor of Diccionario del Jazz Latino (SGAE, 1998).\nAmong other awards, he has won the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film with Belle \u00c9poque in 1994, the Goya Award as Best Director three times and a Silver Bear for Year of Enlightment at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival. Miracle of Candeal won the Goya for Best Documentary, and Chico and Rita won the Goya for Best Feature Animation. In 1999, The Girl of Your Dreams was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival. In 2011 he won the Award of the Hungarian National Student Jury for Chico and Rita at the 7th Festival of European Animated Feature Films and TV Specials.As a music producer he has won two Grammy Awards and four Latin Grammy Awards.\nHe is the brother of David Trueba and the father of Jon\u00e1s Trueba.", "Q1578465": "Larry Stewart (born March 2, 1959, in Paducah, Kentucky, United States) is an American country music singer, best known for his role as lead singer of the country pop band Restless Heart. In 1993, Stewart left the band in pursuit of a solo career, recording four solo albums and charting eight singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts before reuniting with Restless Heart in 2002. His highest-charting solo single was \"Alright Already\", which peaked at No. 5 in 1993.", "Q384694": "Fedor Ozep or Fyodor Otsep (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041e\u0446\u0435\u043f, Fyodor Aleksandrovich Otsep; February 9, 1895 \u2013 June 20, 1949) was a Russian-American film director and screenwriter, born in Moscow. An important early writer on film and film theory, he served as dramaturge for the Mezhrabpomfilm-Rus company and wrote a number of films for directors such as V.I. Pudovkin and Yakov Protazanov before turning to directing in 1926.\nDuring the production of The Living Corpse in Germany, he decided to remain and worked throughout Europe during the 1930s, enjoying international acclaim for films including The Murderer Dimitri Karamazov and Amok. With the advent of World War II he moved to Hollywood but was unable to establish a career there, directing only one film. His last two films were made in Canada. He died of a heart attack in Los Angeles in 1949.", "Q1334420": "Ilya Zalmanovich Baskin Russian: \u0418\u043b\u044c\u044f (\u042d\u043b\u0438\u0430) \u0417\u0430\u043b\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043d; born 11 August 1950), known as Elya Baskin, is a Russian\u2013American actor. He first gained attention for his role in Moscow on the Hudson (1984), as Robin Williams' character's best friend. He is also known for playing Peter Parker's landlord, Mr. Ditkovich, in Spider-Man 2 and Spider-Man 3.", "Q1681078": "James Meyer Sassoon, Baron Sassoon, FCA (born 11 September 1955) is a British businessman and politician. After a career in the financial sector he served in various roles in HM Treasury, the UK's finance ministry, from 2002 to 2008, at which point he began advising David Cameron on financial issues. From May 2010 to January 2013, Sassoon was the first Commercial Secretary to the Treasury and was appointed to the House of Lords as a Conservative. In January 2013, he became an executive Director of Jardine Matheson Holdings and of Matheson & Co.. He is also a director of Hongkong Land and Dairy Farm and Mandarin Oriental and Chairman of the China-Britain Business Council.\nIn November 2017 he was mentioned in the Paradise Papers as one of the beneficiaries of a tax exempt Cayman Island trust fund worth 236 million$ in 2007 and defended it as being of non UK origin. Sassoon was President of the international Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering 2007\u20132008.\n\n", "Q273208": "Christopher Walton Cooper (born July 9, 1951) is an American actor. He has appeared in supporting performances in several major Hollywood films, including the drama American Beauty (1999), the biopic titled October Sky (1999), the action spy film The Bourne Identity (2002), the biographical sports film Seabiscuit (2003), the biographical film about Truman Capote, Capote (2005), the geopolitical thriller Syriana (2005), the action-thriller The Kingdom (2007), the crime drama The Town (2010), the musical comedy film The Muppets (2011), the biographical film about Fred Rogers, A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (2019), and the coming-of-age film Little Women (2019). He also portrayed Sheriff July Johnson in the acclaimed miniseries Lonesome Dove, which became one of the most successful Westerns in history.\nCooper won both the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the 2002 film Adaptation. He played a lead role in the historical and political thriller Breach (2007), playing FBI agent and traitor Robert Hanssen. He played Daniel Sloan in the 2012 political thriller The Company You Keep, and supervillain Norman Osborn in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014). He also portrayed Al Templeton on the 2016 Hulu miniseries 11.22.63.\nHe is a frequent collaborator with director John Sayles, including Matewan (1987), City of Hope (1991), Lone Star (1996), Silver City (2004) and Amigo (2010).", "Q637865": "The Bomfunk MC's is a Finnish hip hop group that was active between 1998 and 2005, before reuniting in 2018. The group's front man is the rapper B.O. Dubb (born Raymond Ebanks, and formerly known as \"B.O.W.\"), and the main producer is Jaakko \"JS16\" Salovaara.", "Q311499": "Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u0447\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043d) (October 27 [O.S. October 15] 1855 \u2013 June 7, 1935) was a Russian practitioner of selection to produce new types of crop plants, Honorable Member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, and academician of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agriculture.\nThroughout all his life, Michurin worked to create new sorts of fruit plants. He introduced over 300 new varieties. He was awarded the Order of Lenin and Order of the Red Banner of Labour for his achievements. The town of Michurinsk is named in his honor, as was the Bulgarian town of Tsarevo between 1950 and 1991.", "Q264774": "Chantal Jennifer Kreviazuk (; born May 18, 1974) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, composer, pianist, and actress. Born in Winnipeg, she played music from a young age before signing with Columbia Records in the 1990s. Her debut studio album, Under These Rocks and Stones, was first released in Canada in 1996 and saw favorable commercial success before being issued in the United States the following year to critical praise.\nKreviazuk released two more studio albums with the Columbia label, Colour Moving and Still (1999) and What If It All Means Something (2002), both of which brought moderate commercial success worldwide. She signed with Sony BMG for her fourth album, Ghost Stories (2006), which reached number two on the Canadian Albums Chart.\nSince 2003, Kreviazuk has co-written and composed numerous songs for other artists as well as film soundtracks, and has appeared in several Canadian independent and short films. Her fifth album, Plain Jane, was released by Canadian independent label MapleMusic Recordings in 2009. Her sixth and most recent album, Hard Sail, was released by Warner Music Canada in 2016.\nFrom the beginning of her career to 2016, Kreviazuk was the 51st best-selling Canadian artist in Canada.", "Q272116": "Laura Elizabeth Harris (born November 20, 1976) is a Canadian actress.", "Q111435": "Jan-Christoph Oetjen (born 21 February 1978 in Rotenburg an der W\u00fcmme) is a German politician of the Free Democratic Party.", "Q62353": "Karin Dor (born K\u00e4therose Derr; 22 February 1938 \u2013 6 November 2017) was a German actress most famous for her role in the late-1960s as a Bond girl in the James Bond movie You Only Live Twice (1967).", "Q158753": "Juan Luis Guerra Seijas (born June 7, 1957), is a Dominican musician, singer, composer, and record producer. He has sold over 70 million records, and has won numerous awards including 21 Latin Grammy Awards, two Grammy Awards, and two Latin Billboard Music Awards. Guerra won 3 Latin Grammy Awards in 2010, including Album of the Year. In 2012, he won the Latin Grammy Award for Producer of the Year.Guerra is one of the most internationally recognized Latin artists of recent decades. His popular style of merengue and Afro-Latin fusion has garnered him considerable success throughout Latin America. He is also credited for popularizing bachata music on a global level and is often associated with the genre, although his distinct style of bachata features a more traditional bolero rhythm and aesthetic mixed with bossa-nova influenced melodies and harmony in some of his songs. He does not limit himself to one style of music; instead, he incorporates diverse rhythms like merengue, bachata-fusion, balada, salsa, rock and roll, and even gospel. \"Ojal\u00e1 Que Llueva Caf\u00e9\" (\"I Hope it Rains Coffee\") is one of his most critically acclaimed pieces.", "Q97872": "Thomas Jarzombek (born 28 April 1973) is a German politician. Born in D\u00fcsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, he represents the CDU. Thomas Jarzombek has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2009.", "Q193344": "Miyamoto Musashi (\u5bae\u672c \u6b66\u8535, c. 1584 \u2013 June 13, 1645), also known as Shinmen Takez\u014d, Miyamoto Bennosuke or, by his Buddhist name, Niten D\u014draku, was a Japanese swordsman, philosopher, strategist, writer and r\u014dnin. Musashi, as he was often simply known, became renowned through stories of his unique double-bladed swordsmanship and undefeated record in his 61 duels (next is 33 by It\u014d Itt\u014dsai). He is considered the Kensei, sword-saint of Japan. He was the founder of the Niten Ichi-ry\u016b school or Nito Ichi-ry\u016b style of swordsmanship, and in his final years authored The Book of Five Rings (\u4e94\u8f2a\u306e\u66f8, Go Rin No Sho), and Dokk\u014dd\u014d (The Path of Aloneness). Both documents were given to Terao Magonoj\u014d, the most important of Musashi's students, seven days before Musashi's death. The Book of Five Rings deals primarily with the character of his Niten Ichi-ry\u016b school in a concrete sense e.g. his own practical martial art and its generic significance; The Path of Aloneness on the other hand, deals with the ideas that lie behind it, as well as his life's philosophy in a few short aphoristic sentences. The Musashi Budokan training center - in a remarkable architecture - located in Mimasaka, Okayama prefecture, Japan was erected to honor his name and legend.", "Q148540": "The Republic of Florence, also known as the Florentine Republic (Italian: Repubblica Fiorentina, pronounced [re\u02c8pubblika fjoren\u02c8ti\u02d0na], or Repubblica di Firenze), was a medieval and early modern state that was centered on the Italian city of Florence in Tuscany. The republic originated in 1115, when the Florentine people rebelled against the Margraviate of Tuscany upon the death of Matilda of Tuscany, who controlled vast territories that included Florence. The Florentines formed a commune in her successors' place. The republic was ruled by a council known as the Signoria of Florence. The signoria was chosen by the gonfaloniere (titular ruler of the city), who was elected every two months by Florentine guild members.\nThe republic had a checkered history of coups and counter-coups against various factions. The Medici faction gained governance of the city in 1434 under Cosimo de' Medici. The Medici kept control of Florence until 1494. Giovanni de' Medici (later Pope Leo X) re-conquered the republic in 1512.\nFlorence repudiated Medici authority for a second time in 1527, during the War of the League of Cognac. The Medici re-assumed their rule in 1531 after an 11-month siege of the city. The republican government was disestablished in 1532, when Pope Clement VII appointed Alessandro de' Medici \"Duke of the Florentine Republic\", making the \"republic\" a hereditary monarchy.", "Q3741431": "Theodore Low De Vinne (December 25, 1828 \u2013 February 16, 1914) was an American printer and scholarly author on typography. De Vinne did much for the improvement of American printing.", "Q89494": "Willy Dehnkamp (born 22 July 1903 in Hamburg-Altona; died 12 November 1985 in Bremen) was a German politician from the Social Democratic Party of Germany in Bremen. He was the 3rd President of the Senate and Mayor of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen from 1965 to 1967.", "Q349194": "Mehmet Ruhi Su (20 October 1912 \u2013 20 September 1985) was a Turkish opera singer, Turkish folk singer and saz virtuoso of probable Armenian origin.", "Q8907": "\u00bf\u00a1Revoluci\u00f3n!? is a 2006 political documentary directed by Quebec journalist and filmmaker Charles Gervais. It examines the Bolivarian Revolution led by Venezuelan President Hugo Ch\u00e1vez. It was produced by T\u00e9l\u00e9-Qu\u00e9bec, the Quebec government's public television network.\nAs part of the Rencontres internationales du documentaire de Montr\u00e9al film festival, first screenings occurred on November 10 and 14, 2006 at the Cin\u00e9ma ONF in Montreal. The general opening happened on December 8, 2006, at Cin\u00e9ma Ex-Centris, also in Montreal. This version showed the original Spanish spoken by the subjects, as well as narration and subtitles in French.", "Q62435": "Paul Karl Wilhelm Scheerbart (8 January 1863 in Danzig \u2013 15 October 1915 in Berlin) was a German author of speculative fiction literature and drawings. He was also published under the pseudonym Kuno K\u00fcfer and is best known for the book Glasarchitektur (1914).\nScheerbart was associated with expressionist architecture and one of its leading proponents, Bruno Taut. He composed aphoristic poems about glass for the Taut's Glass Pavilion at the Werkbund Exhibition (1914).", "Q1046768": "M\u00fasica popular brasileira (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8muzik\u0250 popu\u02c8la\u0281 b\u027eazi\u02c8lej\u027e\u0250], Popular Brazilian Music) or MPB is a trend in post-bossa nova urban popular music in Brazil that revisits typical Brazilian styles such as samba, samba-can\u00e7\u00e3o and bai\u00e3o and other Brazilian regional music, combining them with foreign influences, such as jazz and rock.\nThis movement has produced and is represented by many renowned Brazilian artists, such as Jorge Ben Jor, Novos Baianos, Chico Buarque and Dominguinhos, whose individual styles generated their own trends within the genre. The term is often also used to describe any kind of music with Brazilian origins and \"voice and guitar style\" that arose in the late 1960s.\nVariations within MPB were the short-lived but influential artistic movement known as tropic\u00e1lia, and the music of samba rock.\n\n", "Q131083": "The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijani: Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131, pronounced [n\u0251xt\u0361\u0283\u026f\u02c8v\u0251n mux\u02c8t\u0251\u027e res\u02c8publik\u0251s\u026f]) is a landlocked exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The region covers 5,500 km2 (2,100 sq mi) with a population of 414,900, bordering Armenia (border 221 km [137 mi]) to the east and north, Iran (border 179 km [111 mi]) to the south and west, and Turkey (border 8 km [5.0 mi]) to the northwest.\nThe area that is now Nakhchivan became part of the Safavid dynasty of Iran in the 16th century. In 1828, after the last Russo-Persian War and the Treaty of Turkmenchay, the Nakhchivan Khanate passed from Iranian into Imperial Russian possession. After the 1917 February Revolution, Nakhchivan and its surrounding region were under the authority of the Special Transcaucasian Committee of the Russian Provisional Government and subsequently of the short-lived Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. When the TDFR was dissolved in May 1918, Nakhchivan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Zangezur (today the Armenian province of Syunik), and Qazakh were heavily contested between the newly formed and short-lived states of the First Republic of Armenia and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR). In June 1918, the region came under Ottoman occupation. Under the terms of the Armistice of Mudros, the Ottomans agreed to pull their troops out of the Transcaucasus to make way for British occupation at the close of the First World War. In July 1920, the Bolsheviks occupied the region and on July 28, declared the Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with \"close ties\" to the Azerbaijan SSR, beginning seventy years of Soviet rule. In January 1990 Nakhchivan declared independence from the USSR to protest against the suppression of the national movement in Azerbaijan, and became the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic within the newly independent Republic of Azerbaijan a year later.\nThe Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is an autonomous area of Azerbaijan, governed by its own elected legislature. The region continues to suffer from the effects of the Armenia-Azerbaijan War, and its Karki exclave has been under Armenian occupation ever since. The administrative capital city is Nakhchivan. Vasif Talibov has been the leader since 1995.", "Q108602": "Susumu Tonegawa (\u5229\u6839\u5ddd \u9032 Tonegawa Susumu, born September 5, 1939) is a Japanese scientist who was the sole recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987, for his discovery of the genetic mechanism that produces antibody diversity. Although he won the Nobel Prize for his work in immunology, Tonegawa is a molecular biologist by training and he again changed fields following his Nobel Prize win; he now studies neuroscience, examining the molecular, cellular and neuronal basis of memory formation and retrieval.", "Q1197455": "Naha Airport (\u90a3\u8987\u7a7a\u6e2f, Naha K\u016bk\u014d) (IATA: OKA, ICAO: ROAH) is a second class airport located 4 km (2.5 mi) west of the city hall in Naha, Okinawa. It is Japan's seventh busiest airport and the primary air terminal for passengers and cargo traveling to and from Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, and handles scheduled international traffic to Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Thailand, Singapore and mainland China. The airport is also home to Naha Air Base of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force.\nNaha Airport served 17.5 million passengers in 2014, an increase of roughly 3 million passengers in two years.", "Q5901972": "Horace Mann School (also known as Horace Mann or HM) is a private, independent college-preparatory school in the Bronx, founded in 1887. Horace Mann is a member of the Ivy Preparatory School League, educating students from the New York metropolitan area from nursery school to the twelfth grade. The Upper, Middle, and Lower Divisions are located in Riverdale, a neighborhood of the Bronx, while the Nursery School is located in Manhattan. The John Dorr Nature Laboratory, a 275 acres (111 ha) campus in Washington Depot, Connecticut, serves as the school's outdoor and community education center. Tuition for the 2019\u201320 school year from pre-kindergarten through grade twelve is $52,300.", "Q64044": "Bellinzona ( BEL-in-ZOH-n\u0259, Italian: [bellin\u02c8tso\u02d0na], Ticinese Lombard: [bel\u0129\u02c8ts\u0254na]; French: Bellinzone [b\u025bl\u025b\u0303zon]; German: Bellenz [\u02c8b\u025bl\u025bnts]; Romansh: Blizuna [bli\u02c8tsu\u02d0n\u0259] (listen)) is a municipality, a historic Swiss town, and the capital of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The town is famous for its three castles (Castelgrande, Montebello, Sasso Corbaro) that have been UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 2000.\nThe town lies east of the river Ticino, at the foot of the Alps. It stretches along the river valley, surrounded by the southern ranges of the Lepontine Alps to the east and west, and by the Lugano Prealps to the south.", "Q930291": "Willamette University is a private university in Salem, Oregon. Founded in 1842, it is the oldest university in the Western United States. Willamette is a member of the Annapolis Group of colleges, and is made up of an undergraduate College of Liberal Arts and post-graduate schools of business and law. The university is a member of the NCAA's Division III Northwest Conference. Approximately 2,100 students are enrolled at Willamette between the graduate and undergraduate programs.Originally named the Oregon Institute, the school was an unaffiliated outgrowth of the Methodist Mission. The name was changed to Wallamet University in 1852, followed by the current spelling in 1870. Willamette founded the first medical school and law school in the Pacific Northwest in the second half of the 19th century. In the 20th century, it began competing in intercollegiate athletics.\nWillamette's undergraduate programs exist within the school's College of Liberal Arts. The oldest of the graduate programs is the College of Law, founded in 1883 and currently located in the Truman Wesley Collins Legal Center. Established in 1974, Atkinson Graduate School of Management is housed in the Seeley G. Mudd Building. The School of Education, established in 1996, had an enrollment of 100 students, but closed in 2014.", "Q1391088": "William Finlay Jefferson Currie (20 January 1878 \u2013 9 May 1968) was a Scottish actor of stage, screen, and television. He received great acclaim for his roles as Abel Magwitch in the British film Great Expectations (1946) and as Balthazar in the American film Ben-Hur (1959).In his career spanning seventy years, Currie appeared in seven films that were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. Of those, Around the World in 80 Days (1956) and Ben-Hur (1959) are winners in the category.", "Q229112": "Michelle Lynn Monaghan (born March 23, 1976) is an American actress. She is best known for her starring roles in Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (2005), Gone Baby Gone (2007), Made of Honor (2008), Eagle Eye (2008), Trucker (2008), Source Code (2011), Pixels (2015), and Patriots Day (2016). She has also received recognition for her starring role as Julia Meade in the action spy film series Mission: Impossible, appearing in Mission: Impossible III (2006), Mission: Impossible \u2013 Ghost Protocol (2011), and Mission: Impossible \u2013 Fallout (2018).\nOn television, Monaghan starred as Maggie Hart in the first season of the anthology crime drama series True Detective (2014), for which she received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. She also starred as Sarah Lane in the drama series The Path (2016\u201318). Currently, Monaghan stars as Eva Geller on the Netflix thriller series Messiah.", "Q103757": "Katharina Elisabeth Goethe, known as \"Frau Rat\" (19 February 1731 - 13 September 1808) was the mother of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.", "Q315199": "Mickael Gordon \"Mick\" Thomson is an American heavy metal musician. He is one of two guitarists in the band Slipknot, in which he is designated #7. Thomson originally met founding Slipknot members Anders Colsefni, Donnie Steele and Paul Gray through their mutual involvement in death metal band Body Pit, and later joined in early 1996. Following the departure of Joey Jordison in 2013, Thomson is now the third longest-serving member of Slipknot.", "Q60222": "Erhard Heiden (23 February 1901 \u2013 19 March 1933) was an early member of the Nazi Party and the third commander of the Schutzstaffel (SS), the paramilitary wing of the Sturmabteilung (\"Storm Detachment; SA\"). He was appointed head of the SS, an elite subsection of the SA in 1927. At that time the SS numbered less than a thousand men and Heiden found it difficult to cope under the much larger SA. Heiden was not a success in the post, and SS membership dropped significantly under his leadership. He was dismissed from his post in 1929, officially for \"family reasons\". He was arrested after the Nazis came to power in 1933 and executed that same year.", "Q239301": "Hope Elise Ross Lange (November 28, 1933 \u2013 December 19, 2003) was an American film, stage, and television actress.\nLange was nominated for the Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal of Selena Cross in the 1957 film Peyton Place. In 1969 and 1970, she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for her role as Carolyn Muir in the sitcom The Ghost & Mrs. Muir.", "Q433311": "Sydnee Steele (born September 23, 1968) is an American sex therapist, author, free speech activist, and former pornographic actress. She appeared in over 300 pornographic films before her retirement in 2005.", "Q1640142": "Terri Hendrix is a singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and independent artist from Texas. Her music belongs to the Americana genre, encompassing folk, pop, country, blues, and jazz. To date, Hendrix has released 14 albums on her own Wilory Records label, co-wrote the Grammy-winning song \"Lil' Jack Slade\" by the Dixie Chicks, and, in 2011, published a book, Cry Til You Laugh \u2014 The Part That Ain\u2019t Art. In addition to writing and performing, Hendrix conducts songwriting workshops both inside and outside of Texas, and has established a nonprofit community arts center in San Marcos, OYOU (\"Own Your Own Universe\"), offering educational and therapeutic arts programs, including for those who face neurological challenges or physical disabilities.\n\n", "Q3852": "Worms (German: [v\u0254\u0250\u032fms]) is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, situated on the Upper Rhine about 60 kilometres (40 mi) south-southwest of Frankfurt-am-Main. It had approximately 82,000 inhabitants as of 2015.A pre-Roman foundation, Worms was the capital of the Kingdom of the Burgundians in the early 5th century and hence the scene of the medieval legends referring to this period, notably the first part of the Nibelungenlied. \nWorms has been a Roman Catholic bishopric since at least 614, and was an important palatinate of Charlemagne. Worms Cathedral is one of the Imperial Cathedrals and among the finest examples of Romanesque architecture in Germany. Worms prospered in the High Middle Ages as an Imperial Free City. Among more than a hundred Imperial Diets held at Worms, the Diet of 1521 (commonly known as the Diet of Worms) ended with the Edict of Worms in which Martin Luther was declared a heretic. Today, the city is an industrial centre and is famed as the origin of Liebfraumilch wine. Other industries include chemicals, metal goods and fodder.", "Q30415": "Mont Maudit (4,465 m) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in France and Italy. The French name literally means \"Cursed Mountain\". Until the end of the 18th century, Mont Blanc and its satellite peaks were collectively known in French as the Montagne Maudite.", "Q76440": "Kurt Eisner (German pronunciation: [k\u028a\u0250\u032ft \u02c8\u0294a\u026a\u032fsn\u0250]; 14 May 1867 \u2013 21 February 1919) was a politician, revolutionary, journalist and theatre critic from Germany. As a socialist journalist, he organised the Socialist Revolution that overthrew the Wittelsbach monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918, which led to his being described as \"the symbol of the Bavarian revolution\". He is used as an example of charismatic authority by Max Weber. Eisner subsequently proclaimed the People's State of Bavaria, but was assassinated by far-right German nationalist Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley in Munich on 21 February 1919.", "Q180338": "Sir Christopher Frank Carandini Lee, (27 May 1922 \u2013 7 June 2015) was an English actor, singer, and author. With a career spanning nearly seven decades, Lee was well known for portraying villains and became best known for his role as Count Dracula in a sequence of Hammer Horror films, a typecasting he always lamented. His other film roles include Francisco Scaramanga in the James Bond film The Man with the Golden Gun (1974), Count Dooku in the Star Wars prequel trilogy (2002 and 2005), and Saruman in the Lord of the Rings film trilogy (2001\u20132003) and the Hobbit film trilogy (2012\u20132014).\nLee was knighted for services to drama and charity in 2009, received the BAFTA Fellowship in 2011, and received the BFI Fellowship in 2013. Lee considered his best performance to be that of Pakistan's founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the biopic Jinnah (1998), and his best film to be the British cult film The Wicker Man (1973). He frequently appeared opposite his friend Peter Cushing in many horror films, and late in his career had roles in six Tim Burton films.Prior to his acting career, Lee served in the Royal Air Force, where he was attached to the No. 260 Squadron RAF as an intelligence officer and later the Special Operations Executive. Following his World War II service he retired from the RAF in 1946 with the rank of flight lieutenant.\nAlways noted as an actor for his deep, strong voice, Lee was also known for his singing ability, recording various opera and musical pieces between 1986 and 1998, and the symphonic metal album Charlemagne: By the Sword and the Cross in 2010, after having worked with several metal bands since 2005. The heavy metal follow-up Charlemagne: The Omens of Death was released on 27 May 2013, Lee's 91st birthday. He was honoured with the \"Spirit of Metal\" award at the 2010 Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards ceremony.", "Q200580": "Guillaume de Machaut (French: [gijom d\u0259 ma\u0283o]; sometimes spelled Machault; c. 1300 \u2013 April 1377) was a medieval French poet and composer. He is regarded by many musicologists as the greatest and most important composer of the 14th century. Machaut is one of the earliest composers on whom substantial biographical information is available, and Daniel Leech-Wilkinson called him \"the last great poet who was also a composer\". Well into the 15th century, Machaut's poetry was greatly admired and imitated by other poets, including Geoffrey Chaucer.\nMachaut composed in a wide range of styles and forms. He is a part of the musical movement known as the ars nova. Machaut helped develop the motet and secular song forms (particularly the lai and the formes fixes: rondeau, virelai and ballade). Machaut wrote the Messe de Nostre Dame, the earliest known complete setting of the Ordinary of the Mass attributable to a single composer. Some of his best-known rondeaus are \"Ma fin est mon commencement\" and \"Rose, liz, printemps, verdure\".", "Q391299": "Lelo Nika (born 1969) is a Serbian and Romanian Romani accordionist who lives in Denmark. He plays a mixture of Balkan jazz and Romanian music.\nHe comes from Nikolinci, near Belgrade, Serbia, which has a large Romanian population. He moved with his family to Helsing\u00f8r, Denmark, in 1970, for three years. Starting in 1979, he studied under Serbian accordionist Branimir Djokic. He studied at the Malm\u00f6 Academy of Music in Sweden and the Danish Accordion Academy and has twice won first prize at the World Accordion Championship.", "Q2594": "Theodor Heuss (German pronunciation: [\u02c8te:od\u0254\u0250 \u02c8h\u0254\u028fs]; 31 January 1884 \u2013 12 December 1963) was a West German liberal politician who served as the first President of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1959. His cordial nature \u2013 something of a contrast to the stern character of chancellor Konrad Adenauer \u2013 largely contributed to the stabilization of democracy in West Germany during the Wirtschaftswunder years. Before beginning his career as a politician, Heuss had been a political journalist.", "Q18399": "I vitelloni (Italian pronunciation: [i vitel\u02c8lo\u02d0ni]; lit. \"The Bullocks/The layabouts\") is a 1953 Italian comedy-drama directed by Federico Fellini from a screenplay by Fellini, Ennio Flaiano and Tullio Pinelli. The film launched the career of Alberto Sordi, one of post-war Italy's most significant and popular comedians, who stars with Franco Fabrizi and Franco Interlenghi in a story of five young Italian men at crucial turning points in their small town lives. Recognized as a pivotal work in the director's artistic evolution, the film has distinct autobiographical elements that mirror important societal changes in 1950s Italy. Recipient of both the Venice Film Festival Silver Lion in 1953, and an Academy Award nomination for Best Writing in 1958, the film's success restored Fellini's reputation after the commercial failure of The White Sheik (1952).", "Q284858": "Max von Essen (born January 11, 1974) is an American stage and screen actor, and vocalist.", "Q38049": "Herta M\u00fcller (born 17 August 1953) is a Romanian-born German novelist, poet, essayist and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Ni\u021bchidorf, Timi\u0219 County in Romania, her native language is German. Since the early 1990s, she has been internationally established, and her works have been translated into more than twenty languages.M\u00fcller is noted for her works depicting the effects of violence, cruelty and terror, usually in the setting of the Socialist Republic of Romania under the repressive Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu regime which she has experienced herself. Many of her works are told from the viewpoint of the German minority in Romania and are also a depiction of the modern history of the Germans in the Banat and Transylvania. Her much acclaimed 2009 novel The Hunger Angel (Atemschaukel) portrays the deportation of Romania's German minority to Soviet Gulags during the Soviet occupation of Romania for use as German forced labor.\nM\u00fcller has received more than twenty awards to date, including the Kleist Prize (1994), the Aristeion Prize (1995), the International Dublin Literary Award (1998) and the Franz Werfel Human Rights Award (2009). On 8 October 2009, the Swedish Academy announced that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, describing her as a woman \"who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed\".", "Q102449": "Frauke Eigen (born 1969 in Aurich, Germany) is a German photographer, photojournalist and artist.", "Q70025": "Metzerlen-Mariastein is a municipality in the district of Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. The present name of the municipality dates from 2003, it being previously known as Metzerlen.\nThe nearby Benedictine Mariastein Abbey is an important place of pilgrimage.", "Q123493": "Thomas \"Jumbo\" Schreiner (born 24 November 1967, in Munich) is a German actor and presenter.\n\n", "Q231749": "Eva Maria LaRue (; born December 27, 1966) is an American actress and model. She is known for her roles as Dr. Maria Santos on All My Children and Det. Natalia Boa Vista on CSI: Miami.", "Q284694": "Kim Kashkashian (born August 31, 1952) is an American violist. She is recognized as one of the world's top violists. She has spent her career in the US and Europe and collaborated with many major contemporary composers. In 2013 she won a Grammy Award for Best Classical Instrumental Solo.", "Q78479": "Julius Wagner-Jauregg (7 March 1857 \u2013 27 September 1940) was an Austrian physician, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1927, and is the first psychiatrist to have done so. His Nobel award was \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica\".", "Q60236": "Marie-Louise von Franz (4 January 1915 \u2013 17 February 1998) was a Swiss Jungian psychologist and scholar, known for her psychological interpretations of fairy tales and of alchemical manuscripts.", "Q1183434": "Nicol\u00e1s Cabrera (1913\u20131989), was a Spanish physicist who did important work on the theories of crystal growth (specifically the Burton\u2013Cabrera\u2013Frank theory) and the oxidisation of metals. He was the son of another famous Spanish physicist Blas Cabrera and the father of American Physicist Blas Cabrera Navarro. He spent many years in exile during the Francoist State. He was Professor of the Department of physics in the University of Virginia, where he worked from 1952. He became known for his interests in engineering and material science. He founded the physics department and was Professor at the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), from 1971. He is considered to have given an impulse to the study of physics in Spain from the time of his return. For a time Javier Solana, whom he met at the University of Virginia, was his assistant in Madrid. Solana has described him as being a brilliant man but badly organised. The Nicol\u00e1s Cabrera Institute, founded in 1989 in the UAM, is named after him.", "Q537611": "", "Q680605": "Thomas Allen (August 29, 1813 \u2013 April 8, 1882) was a railroad builder and later a member of the United States House of Representatives from Missouri.\nAllen was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, to Jonathan and Eunice Larned Allen, and was grandson to Rev. Thomas Allen, a noted American revolutionary. He attended Pittsfield Academy and Berkshire Gymnasium, graduated from Union College in 1832, where he obtained his degree with Phi Beta Kappa honors and was an early member of The Kappa Alpha Society. He then studied law and was admitted to the New York bar in 1835. In 1837, he moved to Washington, D.C., where he founded the newspaper The Madisonian, a Democratic newspaper. He was the printer of the United States House of Representatives from 1837 to 1839, and printer to the United States Senate from 1839 to 1842.\nIn 1842 Allen married Ann Russell and moved to St. Louis, Missouri. His father-in-law, William Russell, gave him land in south St. Louis, which he developed as residential property attractive for working-class immigrants. It was the largest tract in St. Louis developed by a single person.He was elected to the Missouri State Senate in 1850, remaining a member of that body through 1854. Also in 1850, Allen was elected president of the Pacific Railroad with the support of Thomas Hart Benton. With his political connections, he arranged for loan guarantees and land grants that helped to start the company. In 1852 he took the first steam locomotive to cross the Mississippi River. Following a series of financial crises for the railroad, Allen resigned from the company and returned to land-development. He was the organizer of the banking house Allen, Copp & Nisbet in 1858. He subsequently sold his railway interests and retired from business. After an unsuccessful run for Congress in 1862, he returned to the railroad business in 1867 with the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway. He was the founder of the Allen professorship of Mining and Metallurgy at Washington University in St. Louis and in 1876 he donated the Berkshire Athenaeum to his hometown of Pittsfield, Massachusetts.\nAllen was elected to the United States House of Representatives from Missouri in 1881. He sold railroad holdings to fellow railroad developer Jay Gould. He then died in Washington, D.C. before his first term was completed, in April, 1882. He was buried in Pittsfield Cemetery, Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Allenville, Missouri was named after him.", "Q3846": "Minden is a town of about 83,000 inhabitants in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The town extends along both sides of the River Weser. It is the capital of the district (Kreis) of Minden-L\u00fcbbecke, which is part of the region of Detmold. Minden is the historic political centre of the cultural region of Minden Land. It is widely known as the intersection of the Mittelland Canal and the River Weser. The town is over 1,200 years old and has yet some buildings in the Weser Renaissance style, in addition to its architecturally symbolic 1,000-year-old cathedral.", "Q266611": "Ann Hart Coulter (; born December 8, 1961) is an American far-right media pundit, best-selling author, syndicated columnist, and lawyer.\nShe became known as a media pundit in the late 1990s, appearing in print and on cable news as an outspoken critic of the Clinton administration. Her first book concerned the Bill Clinton impeachment, and sprang from her experience writing legal briefs for Paula Jones's attorneys, as well as columns she wrote about the cases.Coulter's syndicated column for Universal Press Syndicate appears in newspapers, and is featured on conservative websites. Coulter has also written 12 best-selling books expressing her political views.\n\n", "Q237338": "Seinen manga (\u9752\u5e74\u6f2b\u753b) are manga marketed toward young adult men. In Japanese, the word \"seinen\" literally means \"youth,\" but the term \"seinen manga\" is also used to describe the target audience of comics like Weekly Manga Times and Weekly Manga Goraku which are aimed at men from their 20s to their 50s. Seinen manga are distinguished from sh\u014dnen manga which are for younger teen boys, although some seinen manga like xxxHolic share some similarities with sh\u014dnen manga. Seinen manga can focus on action, politics, science fiction, fantasy, relationships, sports, or comedy. The female equivalent to seinen manga is josei manga.\nSeinen manga have a wide variety of art styles and variation in subject matter. Examples of seinen series include: 20th Century Boys, Berserk, Excel Saga, Ghost in the Shell, Hellsing, Initial D, Mushishi, Oh My Goddess!, One-Punch Man, Outlaw Star, Tokyo Ghoul, and the formerly sh\u014dnen manga JoJo's Bizarre Adventure and Trigun.\nA common way to tell if a manga is seinen is by looking at whether furigana is used over the original kanji text: if there are furigana on all kanji, the title is generally aimed at a younger audience. The title of the magazine it was published in is also an important indicator. Usually Japanese manga magazines with the word \"young\" in the title (Weekly Young Jump for instance) are seinen. There are also mixed sh\u014dnen/seinen magazines such as Gangan Powered and Comp Ace. Other popular seinen manga magazines include Weekly Young Magazine, Weekly Young Sunday, Big Comic Spirits, Business Jump, Ultra Jump, and Afternoon.", "Q980220": "Edward Allan Clarke (5 October 1950 \u2013 10 January 2018), better known as \"Fast\" Eddie Clarke, was a British guitarist who was a member of heavy metal bands Fastway and Mot\u00f6rhead. Of Mot\u00f6rhead's classic lineup, which consisted of Lemmy, himself and Phil \"Philthy Animal\" Taylor, he was the last surviving member.", "Q422208": "Wageningen University & Research (also known as Wageningen UR; abbreviation: WUR) is a public university in Wageningen, The Netherlands. It is located in a region of the Netherlands known as the Food Valley.\nWUR consists of Wageningen University and the former agricultural research institute of the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture. Wageningen University trains specialists (BSc, MSc and PhD) in life and social sciences and focuses its research on scientific, social and commercial problems in the field of life sciences and natural resources. It is widely known for its agriculture, forestry, and environmental studies programs. The university has about 12,000 students from over 100 countries. It is also a member of the Euroleague for Life Sciences (ELLS) university network.\nWUR has been placed in the top 150 universities in the world by three major ranking tables.", "Q467754": "Francisco Rabaneda Cuervo (born 18 February 1934), more commonly known under the pseudonym of Paco Rabanne (French: [pako \u0281aban]; Spanish: [\u02c8pako ra\u02c8\u03b2an]), is a Spanish fashion designer of Basque origin who became known as an enfant terrible of the 1960s French fashion world.", "Q349180": "Adam Duce (born April 14, 1972) is an American musician, best known as a founding member and former bassist of the American thrash/groove metal band Machine Head. He played in the band for over 21 years before his firing in 2013.", "Q3997334": "Universidad del Rosario (officially in Spanish: Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Se\u00f1ora del Rosario) is a Colombian university founded on Roman Catholic principles, in 1653 by Fray Cristobal de Torres. Located in Bogot\u00e1, due to its important place in Colombian history, it is known as \"the Cradle of the Republic\". Most faculties reside at the Cloister, the main campus located in the historic-geographical centre of Bogot\u00e1. It also included a private all-male traditional primary and secondary school until 2008. \nNowadays the institution is based on secular ideas and remains very influential in Colombian culture and public life. At least 28 of Colombia's Presidents have been students of this university. It has influenced and participated in very important transitional processes like the revolution for the independence from Spain and the drafting of the Political National Constitution of 1991. One of the most important 1886 Constitution's Supreme Court (1936), the so-called golden court, was composed in its majority by lawyers from the Faculty of Jurisprudence.", "Q116428": "William Bowen Campbell (February 1, 1807 \u2013 August 19, 1867) was an American politician and soldier. He served as Governor of Tennessee from 1851 to 1853, and was the state's last Whig governor. He also served four terms in the United States House of Representatives, from 1837 to 1843, and from 1866 to 1867.During the Mexican\u2013American War, Campbell commanded the First Regiment Tennessee Volunteers, known as the \"Bloody First\" for its high casualty rate. At the outbreak of the American Civil War, Campbell opposed secession, and briefly served as a general in the Union Army.", "Q661389": "Lugano Airport (IATA: LUG, ICAO: LSZA) is a regional airport located 4 km (2.5 mi) west of the Swiss city of Lugano, approximately 80 km north of Milan, in the municipalities of Agno, Bioggio and Muzzano. It lies closer to the village of Agno than to Lugano itself, and is sometimes known as Lugano-Agno. Around 200,000 passengers use the airport each year, using some 2,400 flights. There are also limited freight operations, a flying club and flight school. The headquarters of Darwin Airline were located at the airport prior to its bankruptcy.The airport is situated on land owned by the city of Lugano, whilst management is the responsibility of Lugano Airport SA, whose shares are owned by the canton of Ticino (12.5%) and the city (87.5%). The company has 73 employees, and an annual turnover of 10 million Swiss francs.", "Q1000729": "Jos\u00e9 Maria Ferreira de Castro (May 24, 1898 in Oliveira de Azem\u00e9is \u2013 June 29, 1974 in Oporto) was a Portuguese writer and journalist.", "Q74243": "Marcus Cluvius Rufus was a Roman consul, senator, governor, and historian who was mentioned on several occasions by Tacitus, Suetonius, Cassius Dio, Josephus and Plutarch.", "Q108616": "Wilhelm Ahrens (3 March 1872 \u2013 23 May 1927) was a German mathematician and writer on recreational mathematics.", "Q920096": "Clifford Bundy Stearns Sr. (born April 16, 1941) is an American businessman and politician who was the U.S. Representative for Florida's 6th congressional district from 1989 to 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party.\nOn August 14, 2012, Stearns lost to veterinarian Ted Yoho in a four-way Republican primary by about 1 percent of the vote. Due to redistricting every 10 years, Stearns ran in a new district that did not include his hometown and one of his staunch bases of support. After the primary election, Stearns called Yoho to congratulate him and Yoho described Stearns as \"classy\" and \"humble\" in his remarks.During the Republican National Convention in Tampa, Florida in August, the Florida delegation honored Stearns and his service with a standing ovation and speakers talked about his record of accomplishments and the loss to the state of a leader with so much seniority in Congress.In 2012, Stearns donated a collection of his papers to The George Washington University. The collection largely consists of his committee work, but also includes personal and political correspondence, briefing books, and travel agendas. The collection is currently under the care of GW's Special Collections Research Center, located in the Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library.While a Member of Congress, Stearns received the Air Force Association W. Stuart Symington Award, the highest honor presented to a civilian in the field of national security for his work in behalf of the United States Air Force.Since leaving the United States Congress after 24 years, he is employed with APCO Worldwide which is a communications and public relations firm headquartered in Washington D.C. Stearns is also a member of APCO Worldwide International Advisory Council (IAC) which comprises more than 70 recognized global leaders including former elected politicians who advise clients on complex issues. In addition, he is on three boards namely, The Graduate School of Political Management at The George Washington University, Minority Media & Telecom Council and the United States Association of Former Members of Congress.", "Q64050": "Zeev Suraski (Hebrew: \u05d6\u05d0\u05d1 \u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9\u200e pronounced [ze\u02c8\u0294ev su\u02c8\u0281aski]) is an Israeli programmer, PHP developer and co-founder of Zend Technologies. A graduate of the Technion in Haifa, Israel, Suraski and Andi Gutmans created PHP 3 in 1997. In 1999 they wrote the Zend Engine, the core of PHP 4, and founded Zend Technologies, which has since overseen PHP advances. The name Zend is a portmanteau of their forenames, Zeev and Andi.\nSuraski is an emeritus member of the Apache Software Foundation, and was nominated for the FSF Award for the Advancement of Free Software in 1999. Zeev Suraski is the CTO for Zend Technologies.\nHe was the lead contributor to PHP since 1997.", "Q44380": "Cameron Michelle Diaz (born August 30, 1972) is an American writer, retired actress, and former model. She has frequently appeared in comedies throughout her career, while also earning critical recognition in dramatic films. Her accolades include four Golden Globe Award nominations, three Screen Actors Guild Award nominations, and a New York Film Critics Award. In 2013, she was named the highest-paid actress over 40 in Hollywood. As of 2018, the U.S. domestic box office grosses of Diaz's films total over US$3 billion, with worldwide grosses surpassing US$7 billion, making her the fifth highest-grossing U.S. domestic box office actress.Born in San Diego, California, Diaz was raised in Long Beach. While still in high school, she signed a modeling contract with Elite Model Management. She made her film debut at age 21 opposite Jim Carrey in the comedy The Mask (1994). She was subsequently cast in a supporting role in My Best Friend's Wedding (1997) before appearing as the titular Mary in the Farrelly brothers' hit comedy There's Something About Mary (1998), which brought her increased fame and a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress in a Comedy or Musical. Her following two projects\u2014the sports drama Any Given Sunday, and Spike Jonze's surrealist fantasy Being John Malkovich (both 1999)\u2014lent Diaz a reputation as a dramatic actress, the latter earning her her second Golden Globe nomination.\nDiaz earned a third Golden Globe nomination for her supporting role in Vanilla Sky (2001), and appeared in numerous high-profile films in the early 2000s, including Charlie's Angels (2000) and its sequel Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003), as well as voicing the character of Princess Fiona in the Shrek series (2001\u20132010). In 2003, she was cast in Martin Scorsese's period epic Gangs of New York, for which she earned her fourth Golden Globe nomination. Her subsequent films included the dramatic comedies In Her Shoes (2005) and The Holiday (2006), and the psychological thriller The Box (2009). Diaz appeared in a supporting role in The Green Hornet in 2011, followed by starring roles in the comedies Bad Teacher (2011) and The Other Woman (2014).\nAfter appearing in Will Gluck's 2014 film adaptation of Annie, Diaz confirmed she was formally retiring from acting. Diaz is the author of two health books: The Body Book (2013), a New York Times bestseller, and The Longevity Book (2016).", "Q437163": "Tabatha Cash (born 27 December 1973) is a French former pornographic actress and currently the editor in chief of France's Hot Video magazine as well as the head of the Hot Video group.", "Q151763": "Knud B\u00f8rge Andersen, known as K. B. Andersen for short, (1 December 1914 \u2013 23 March 1984) was a Danish politician, who served as Danish Minister of Education and Minister of Foreign Affairs, and held international offices.", "Q1689430": "Jimmy Sabater (April 11, 1936 \u2013 February 8, 2012) was an American musician of Puerto Rican ancestry. A three-time winner of the ACE Awards, he was a singer and timbales player. He gained international fame thanks to his work with the Joe Cuba Sextet in the 1960s and '70s, and later became the lead singer of various groups including Charlie Palmieri's Combo Gigante. His son, Jimmy Sabater Jr., is a trumpeter and bandleader.", "Q131929": "Edward Dickinson Baker (February 24, 1811 \u2013 October 21, 1861) was an American politician, lawyer, and military leader. In his political career, Baker served in the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois and later as a U.S. Senator from Oregon. He was also known as an orator and poet. A long-time close friend of the President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, Baker served as U.S. Army colonel during both the Mexican\u2013American War and the American Civil War. Baker was killed in the Battle of Ball's Bluff while leading a Union Army regiment, becoming the only sitting U.S. senator ever to be killed in a military engagement.", "Q1047304": "Michael I (Romanian: Mihail I), (? \u2013 August 1420) was Voivode of Wallachia from 1415 to 1420. He was the only legitimate son of Mircea I of Wallachia, who made him his co-ruler. Styled as prince from 1415, Michael became sole ruler after his father died in early 1418. His support for a Hungarian campaign against the Ottoman Empire caused the Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed I, to invade Wallachia, forcing him to agree to pay tribute. After Michael failed to respect the treaty, the Ottomans gave assistance to his rival, Dan, who crossed into Wallachia in 1420. Dan and his Ottoman allies defeated the Wallachian army, and Michael was killed on the battlefield.", "Q4684912": "Sir George Adrian Hayhurst Cadbury, (15 April 1929 \u2013 3 September 2015) was the chairman of Cadbury and Cadbury Schweppes for 24 years, and a British Olympic rower. He was a pioneer in raising the awareness and stimulating the debate on corporate governance and produced the Cadbury Report, a code of best practice which served as a basis for reform of corporate governance around the world.", "Q331985": "Parting Glances is a 1986 American drama film. With its realistic look at urban gay life in the Ronald Reagan era and at the height of the AIDS crisis, many film critics consider it an important film in the history of gay cinema. It was also one of the first American films to address the AIDS pandemic. First-time director Bill Sherwood died of complications due to AIDS in 1990 without ever completing another film.", "Q101632": "Peter Albach (born 26 July 1956 in S\u00f6mmerda, Bezirk Erfurt) is a German politician and member of the CDU. From 2005 to 2009 he was a member of the Bundestag of Germany. He didn't run for the federal elections in 2009. Since 1990, he has uninterruptedly served as the mayor of Wei\u00dfensee, Thuringia.", "Q89480": "Anna F\u00fchring (1866\u20131929) was a German actress. She is, however, more famous as the model for the Germania stamp of the Reichspost.\n\n", "Q12878": "Tron \u00d8grim (Norwegian pronunciation: [trun \u00f8\u0261rim]; 27 June 1947 \u2013 23 May 2007) was a Norwegian journalist, author and politician. He was active in Socialist Youth Union (later Red Youth) from 1965 to 1973, and a central figure in the Workers' Communist Party from 1973 to 1984. In addition to being a politician, \u00d8grim was an author of political works and several science fiction novels. He was notable for communicating in a non-standard eastern Oslo dialect, even where he might have been expected to use standardized Bokm\u00e5l.", "Q468301": "Serenity (born October 29, 1969) is an American former pornographic actress.\n\n", "Q104992": "Stefan Dittrich (28 June 1912 \u2013 5 February 1988) was a German politician, who represented Deggendorf for the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. in the Bundestag.", "Q83813": "Savannah (; Gullah: Sawannuh) is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia and is the county seat of Chatham County. Established in 1733 on the Savannah River, the city of Savannah became the British colonial capital of the Province of Georgia and later the first state capital of Georgia. A strategic port city in the American Revolution and during the American Civil War, Savannah is today an industrial center and an important Atlantic seaport. It is Georgia's fifth-largest city, with a 2018 estimated population of 145,862. The Savannah metropolitan area, Georgia's third-largest, had an estimated population of 389,494 in 2018.Each year Savannah attracts millions of visitors to its cobblestone streets, parks, and notable historic buildings. These buildings include the birthplace of Juliette Gordon Low (founder of the Girl Scouts of the USA), the Georgia Historical Society (the oldest continually operating historical society in the South), the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences (one of the South's first public museums), the First African Baptist Church (one of the oldest African-American Baptist congregations in the United States), Temple Mickve Israel (the third-oldest synagogue in the U.S.), and the Central of Georgia Railway roundhouse complex (the oldest standing antebellum rail facility in the U.S.).Savannah's downtown area, which includes the Savannah Historic District, the Savannah Victorian Historic District, and 22 parklike squares, is one of the largest National Historic Landmark Districts in the United States (designated by the U.S. government in 1966). Downtown Savannah largely retains the original town plan prescribed by founder James Oglethorpe (a design now known as the Oglethorpe Plan). Savannah was the host city for the sailing competitions during the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta.\n\n", "Q665689": "Rivera-Pays-d'-Enhaut District is a district in Vaud canton.", "Q187325": "Maurice Pate (October 14, 1894 \u2013 January 19, 1965) was an American humanitarian and businessman. Pate served as the first executive director of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) from 1947 until his death in 1965, after being proposed by the Chairman Ludwik Rajchman.Talking about the United Nations, Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld, its second Secretary-General, said, \"The work of UNICEF is at the heart of the matter - and at the heart of UNICEF is Maurice Pate.\" Herbert Hoover called Pate \"the most effective human angel I know\" when introducing Pate at a UNICEF dinner. Pate was recognized worldwide for his efforts on behalf of children and hungry people.\n\n", "Q279057": "Payback is a 1999 American neo-noir action thriller film\nwritten and directed by Brian Helgeland in his directorial debut, and starring Mel Gibson, Gregg Henry, Maria Bello, and David Paymer. It is based on the novel The Hunter by Donald E. Westlake using the pseudonym Richard Stark, which had earlier been adapted into the 1967 film noir classic Point Blank, directed by John Boorman and starring Lee Marvin. In 2006, Helgeland issued a director's cut that differs substantially from the version released by the studio.", "Q546956": "James Lee Jamerson (January 29, 1936 \u2013 August 2, 1983) was an American bass player. He was the uncredited bassist on most of the Motown Records hits in the 1960s and early 1970s (Motown did not list session musician credits on their releases until 1971), and is now regarded as one of the most influential bass players in modern music history. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000. As a session musician he played on twenty-three Billboard Hot 100 number one hits, as well as fifty-six R&B number one hits.\nIn its special issue \"The 100 Greatest Bass Players\" in 2017, Bass Player magazine ranked Jamerson number one and the most influential bass guitarist. In 2011, Jamerson ranked third in the \"20 Most Underrated Bass Guitarists\" in Paste magazine.", "Q323359": "Rotation is a 1949 East German drama film directed by Wolfgang Staudte and starring Paul Esser, Irene Korb and Werner Peters. It was produced under the auspices of the DEFA film studio in East Germany. It began filming on 29 September 1948 and premiered in theaters on 16 September 1949.The film was partly shot at the Althoff Studios in Potsdam. The art directors Willy Schiller and Arthur Schwarz worked on the film's sets.", "Q4355600": "Tracey Lynn Livermore (born March 29, 1973), known professionally as Brandi Love, is an American pornographic actress.", "Q79001": "Karl Ferdinand von Buol (German: Karl Ferdinand Graf von Buol-Schauenstein; 17 May 1797 \u2013 28 October 1865) was an Austrian diplomatist and statesman, who served as Foreign Minister of Austrian Empire from 1852 to 1859.", "Q353866": "Jean Bruno Wladimir Fran\u00e7ois de Paule Le F\u00e8vre d'Ormesson (16 June 1925 \u2013 5 December 2017) was a French novelist. He was the author of forty books, the director of Le Figaro from 1974 to 1979, and the Dean of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.", "Q76332": "Rudolf Alexander Schr\u00f6der (26 January 1878 \u2013 22 August 1962) was a German translator and poet. In 1962 he was awarded the Johann-Heinrich-Vo\u00df-Preis f\u00fcr \u00dcbersetzung. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times.", "Q1676382": "Rusty Brito (born May 28, 1985) better known by his stage name J.R. Writer, is a Dominican American rapper and freestyle champion. He is from Harlem, New York. He was also a member of East Coast hip hop group The Diplomats. On March 18, 2014, J.R. Writer began a prison sentence at Ulster Correctional Facility, in New York State.\n\n", "Q181754": "Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF) and congestive cardiac failure (CCF), is when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. Signs and symptoms of heart failure commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise or while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature. Chest pain, including angina, does not typically occur due to heart failure.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease, including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the function of the heart. The two types of left ventricular heart failure \u2013 heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) \u2013 are based on whether the ability of the left ventricle to contract, or to relax, is affected. The severity of the heart failure is graded by the severity of symptoms with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as heart attack (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia, and thyroid disease. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, physical findings, and echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause.Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or valsartan/sacubitril along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine with a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention and the resulting shortness of breath. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device (for the left, right, or both ventricles), or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease that persists despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In 2015, it affected about 40 million people globally. Overall around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6\u201310%. Rates are predicted to increase. The risk of death is about 35% the first year after diagnosis, while by the second year the risk of death is less than 10% for those who remain alive. This degree of risk of death is similar to some cancers. In the United Kingdom, the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times, with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.", "Q716115": "Jeremy Burgess (16 April 1953 in Adelaide Hills, South Australia), is an Australian motorcycle racing chief mechanic, having worked with three world champions: Wayne Gardner, Mick Doohan and Valentino Rossi. He was also a mechanic on Freddie Spencer's team when Spencer won the 500cc World title in 1985.\nWinning machines prepared by Burgess range from the Suzukis of Randy Mamola to the Hondas of Ron Haslam, Freddie Spencer, Wayne Gardner, Mick Doohan and Valentino Rossi to the Yamaha of Valentino Rossi. Since July 1980, these riders have won 157 GP/MotoGP races (as at 2 November 2009) and a total of fourteen World Championships on motorcycles that \"JB\" has either prepared himself or whose preparation he has overseen as crew chief. Burgess's machinery have achieved over 280 podium finishes.", "Q381920": "Javier Cercas Mena (born 1962 in Ibahernando) is a writer and professor of Spanish literature at the University of Girona, Spain.\nHe was born in Ibahernando, C\u00e1ceres, Spain. He is a frequent contributor to the Catalan edition of El Pa\u00eds and the Sunday supplement. He worked for two years at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in the United States.\nHe is one of a group of well-known Spanish novelists, which includes Julio Llamazares, Andr\u00e9s Trapiello, and Jesus Ferrero, who have published fiction in the vein of \"historical memory\", focusing on the Spanish Civil War and the Francoist State.Soldiers of Salamis (translated by Anne McLean) won the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize in 2004, and McLean's translations of his novels The Speed of Light and Outlaws were shortlisted for the International Dublin Literary Award in 2008 and 2016 respectively.\nIn 2014\u201315, he was the Weidenfeld Visiting Professor of European Comparative Literature in St Anne's College, Oxford.", "Q690370": "Working Group of Young Socialists in the SPD (German: Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Jungsozialistinnen und Jungsozialisten in der SPD, Jusos) is a voluntary youth organisation of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).\nCurrently, there are over 70,000 people listed as members of the Jusos.", "Q117737": "Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay (30 March 1899 \u2013 22 September 1970) was an Indian Bengali-language writer. He was a well-known literary figure of Bengal.. He was also actively involved with Bengali cinema as well as Bollywood. His most famous creation is the fictional detective Byomkesh Bakshi.\nHe wrote different forms of prose: novels, short stories, plays and screenplays. However, his forte was short stories and novels. He wrote historical fiction like Kaler Mandira, GourMollar (initially named as Mouri Nodir Teere), Tumi Sandhyar Megh, Tungabhadrar Teere (all novels), Chuya-Chandan, Maru O Sangha (later made into a Hindi film named Trishangni) and stories of the supernatural with the recurring character Baroda, the Ghost Investigator. In addition, he wrote many songs and poems.", "Q316485": "Ultravox (earlier stylized as Ultravox!) were a British new wave band, formed in London in 1973 as Tiger Lily. Between 1980 and 1986, they scored seven Top Ten albums and seventeen Top 40 singles in the UK, the most successful of which was their 1980 hit \"Vienna\".\nFrom 1974 until 1979, singer John Foxx was frontman and the main driving force behind Ultravox. Foxx left the band in March 1979 to embark on a solo career and, following his departure, Midge Ure took over as lead singer, guitarist and frontman in October 1979 after he and keyboardist Billy Currie worked in the studio project Visage. Ure revitalised the band and steered it to commercial chart success lasting until 1988, at which time the group disbanded.\nA new line-up, led by Currie, was formed in 1992, but achieved limited success, with two albums failing to chart and one solitary single reaching 90 in the UK Singles Chart.\nThe band's best-known line-up of Currie, Ure, bassist Chris Cross and drummer Warren Cann reformed in 2008 and performed a series of reunion shows in 2009 and 2010 before releasing a new studio album, Brill!ant, in May 2012 which reached 21 in the British Album Charts. In November 2013, Ultravox performed as special guests on a four date UK arena tour with Simple Minds. These shows proved to be Ultravox's last, as in 2017 both Currie and Ure indicated that Ultravox had run its course.", "Q326546": "Josef Kainar (June 29, 1917 in P\u0159erov, Austria-Hungary \u2013 November 16, 1971 in Dob\u0159\u00ed\u0161, Czechoslovakia) was a Czech poet, lyrics writer, dramatic author and translator, but also a musician, illustrator, artist and journalist. He was a member of artistic group Skupina 42 and literary group Ohnice.", "Q2424139": "Thomas Gallagher (July 6, 1850 \u2013 February 24, 1930) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.\nBorn in Concord, New Hampshire, Gallagher moved to Chicago in 1866.\nHe attended the public schools.\nLearned the trade of iron molder.\nHe entered the hat business in Chicago in 1878.\nHe served as director of the Cook County State Savings Bank.\nHe served as member of the city council of Chicago 1893-1897.\nHe served as member of the board of education 1897-1903.\nHe served as chairman of the Democratic central committee of Cook County in 1902.\nHe served as president of the Democratic county committee in 1906 and 1907 and a member of the executive committee in 1909, 1911, and 1913.\nGallagher was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-first and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1909 \u2013 March 3, 1921).\nHe was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1920 to the Sixty-seventh Congress.\nHe retired from active pursuits and resided in Chicago, Illinois.\nHe died February 24, 1930, in San Antonio, Texas, while on a visit.\nHe was interred in St. Boniface Cemetery, Chicago, Illinois.", "Q195046": "Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) is a private research university in Worcester, Massachusetts, focusing on the instruction and research of technical arts and applied sciences.Founded in 1865 in Worcester, WPI was one of the United States' first engineering and technology universities and now has 14 academic departments with over 50 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in science, engineering, technology, management, the social sciences, and the humanities and arts, leading to bachelor's, master's and PhD degrees. WPI's faculty works with students in a number of research areas, including biotechnology, fuel cells, information security, surface metrology, materials processing, and nanotechnology.", "Q1642740": "John Galt (; 2 May 1779 \u2013 11 April 1839) was a Scottish novelist, entrepreneur, and political and social commentator. Galt has been called the first political novelist in the English language, due to being the first novelist to deal with issues of the Industrial Revolution.\nGalt was the first superintendent of the Canada Company (1826-1829). The company had been formed to populate a part of what is now Southern Ontario (then known as Upper Canada) in the first half of the 19th century; it was later called \"the most important single attempt at settlement in Canadian history\".In 1829, Galt was recalled to Great Britain for mismanagement of the Canada Company (particularly incompetent bookkeeping), and was later jailed for failing to pay his son's tuition. Galt's Autobiography, published in London in 1833, includes a discussion of his life and work in Upper Canada.He was the father of Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt of Montreal, Quebec.", "Q108617": "Walter Bockmayer (4 July 1948 \u2013 7 October 2014) was a German film director, screenwriter and actor. He directed seven films between 1975 and 1988. His 1978 film Flaming Hearts was entered into the 28th Berlin International Film Festival. He died of lung cancer in 2014.", "Q74242": "Johannes Hoffmann (1890\u20131967) was a Saar politician. A founding member and chairman of the Christian People's Party (German: Christliche Volkspartei or CVP), Hoffman served as Minister-President of the French Saar Protectorate from 1947 to 1955.", "Q136921": "The Schwalmis is a mountain of the Urner Alps, overlooking Lake Lucerne in Central Switzerland. Its 2,246-metre-high (7,369 ft) summit lies on the border between the cantons of Nidwalden and Uri.", "Q306696": "The Austrian Littoral (German: \u00d6sterreichisches K\u00fcstenland, Italian: Litorale Austriaco, Croatian: Austrijsko primorje, Slovene: Avstrijsko primorje, Hungarian: Osztr\u00e1k Partvid\u00e9k) was a crown land (Kronland) of the Austrian Empire, established in 1849. It consisted of three regions: the Istria peninsula, Gorizia and Gradisca, and the Imperial Free City of Trieste. Throughout history, the region has been frequently contested, with parts of it controlled at various times by the Republic of Venice, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Yugoslavia among others.\nThe Kingdom of Italy annexed it after World War I according to the Treaty of London and later Treaty of Rapallo. After World War II, it was split between Italy (West), Slovenia (North) and Croatia (South).\nTrieste had strategic importance as Austria-Hungary's primary seaport and the coast of the Littoral was a resort destination, the Austrian Riviera. The region was a multi-national one, with Italians, Slovenes, Croats, Germans and Friulians being the main ethnic groups. In 1910, it had an area of 7,969 square kilometres (3,077 sq mi) and a population of 894,287.", "Q534319": "Lu\u00eds Carlos Patraquim (born on 26 March 1953 in Maputo) is a Mozambican poet, playwright and journalist.\nHe moved to Sweden as a refugee in 1973. In 1975, he moved back to Mozambique, where he worked for A Tribuna magazine, the Ag\u00eancia de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o de Mo\u00e7ambique (AIM), the Instituto Nacional de Cinema de Mo\u00e7ambique (INC) and Tempo magazine.\nPatraquim lives in Portugal since 1986.", "Q32217": "Soldier Boyz is a 1995 action film directed by Louis Mourneau and starring Michael Dudikoff. It was written by Darryl Quarles. The film revolves around a group of convicts on a mission in Vietnam to rescue the daughter of a rich man.", "Q62420": "Klaus H\u00e4nsch (born 15 December 1938 in Sprottau) is a German Politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament representing the SPD from 17 July 1979 until 13 July 2009, and sat with the Party of European Socialists group.\nHe was Vice-chairman of the PES group since 1989, except during his service as President of the European Parliament from 1994 to 1997.", "Q2324410": "L'\u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des arts visuels de La Cambre (ENSAV), more known as La Cambre, is a renowned visual arts school founded by Henry van de Velde in Brussels in 1926. \nIt was founded as the Institut sup\u00e9rieur des Arts d\u00e9coratifs (Hoger Instituut voor Decoratieve Kunsten), and became known as \"La Cambre\" after the Abbey of la Cambre/Ter Kameren in Ixelles in which premises it was established.\nIn 1980, La Cambre was divided into two separate institutions, the \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des Arts visuels (ENSAV), and the Institut sup\u00e9rieur d'Architecture de la Communaut\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de Belgique (ISACF). Both institutions belong to the French Community of Belgium. ENSAV is still housed at the abbey while the ISACF stopped existing in 2009, when all architecture schools integrated universities, and the ISACF merged with two other institutes into the Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles.\nNotable alumni include Berthe Dubail, Harold Ancart, Olivier Strebelle and Anthony Vaccarello.", "Q33109": "Be Like Others (also known as Transsexual in Iran) is a 2008 documentary film written and directed by Tanaz Eshaghian about transsexuals in Iran. It explores issues of gender and sexual identity while following the personal stories of some of the patients at a Tehran gender reassignment clinic. The film played at the Sundance Film Festival and the Berlin International Film Festival, winning three awards.", "Q234630": "Adrienne Levine (June 24, 1966 \u2013 November 1, 2006), better known by the stage name Adrienne Shelly (sometimes credited as Adrienne Shelley), was an American actress, film director and screenwriter. She became known for roles in independent films such as 1989's The Unbelievable Truth and 1990's Trust. She wrote, co-starred in, and directed the 2007 posthumously-released film Waitress.\nOn November 1, 2006, Shelly was found dead, hanging in the shower of her Greenwich Village work studio apartment. The initial examination of the scene did not reveal any suspicious circumstances, and police apparently believed it to be a suicide. Her husband insisted she would never have taken her own life, and brought about a re-examination of the bathroom that disclosed a suspect footprint. Police arrested a 19-year-old man who confessed to killing Shelly and making it look as if she had committed suicide.\nShelly's husband established the Adrienne Shelly Foundation, which awards scholarships, production grants, finishing funds, and living stipends to artists. In her honor, the Women Film Critics Circle gives an annual Adrienne Shelly Award to the film that it finds \"most passionately opposes violence against women.\"", "Q157313": "Fatima-Zohra Imalayen (30 June 1936 \u2013 6 February 2015), known by her pen name Assia Djebar (Arabic: \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u200e), was an Algerian novelist, translator and filmmaker. Most of her works deal with obstacles faced by women, and she is noted for her feminist stance. She is \"frequently associated with women's writing movements, her novels are clearly focused on the creation of a genealogy of Algerian women, and her political stance is virulently anti-patriarchal as much as it is anti-colonial.\" Djebar is considered to be one of North Africa's pre-eminent and most influential writers. She was elected to the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise on 16 June 2005, the first writer from the Maghreb to achieve such recognition. For the entire body of her work she was awarded the 1996 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. She was often named as a contender for the Nobel Prize for Literature.", "Q392785": "All Through the Night is a 1942 American comedy-drama film directed by Vincent Sherman and starring Humphrey Bogart, Conrad Veidt and Kaaren Verne, and featuring many of the Warner Bros. company of character actors. It was released by Warner Brothers.", "Q116429": "Niklaus Meienberg (11 May 1940 \u2013 22 September 1993) was a Swiss writer and investigative journalist.\nMeienberg lived in Z\u00fcrich and published 14 books in his lifetime. His works were primarily about recent Swiss history. His texts are used as exemplars in Swiss journalism schools.\nMeienberg's best works were compiled in the book St. Fiden Paris Oerlikon. This book was republished in 2005/06 as part of the series Schweizer Bibliothek (a series of 20 of the most important Swiss books).", "Q188771": "The French Academy of Sciences (French: Acad\u00e9mie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, and is one of the earliest Academies of Sciences.\nCurrently headed by S\u00e9bastien Candel (President of the Academy), it is one of the five Academies of the Institut de France.", "Q230456": "Alexandra David-N\u00e9el (born Louise Eug\u00e9nie Alexandrine Marie David; 24 October 1868 \u2013 8 September 1969) was a Belgian\u2013French explorer, spiritualist, Buddhist, anarchist and writer. She is most known for her 1924 visit to Lhasa, Tibet, when it was forbidden to foreigners. David-N\u00e9el wrote over 30 books about Eastern religion, philosophy, and her travels, including Magic and Mystery in Tibet which was published in 1929. Her teachings influenced the beat writers Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, the popularisers of Eastern philosophy Alan Watts and Ram Dass, and the esotericist Benjamin Creme.", "Q1684673": "Jean Baptiste Marie Charles Meusnier de la Place (Tours, 19 June 1754 \u2014 le Pont de Cassel, near Mainz, 13 June 1793) was a French mathematician, engineer and Revolutionary general. He is best known for Meusnier's theorem on the curvature of surfaces, which he formulated while he was at the \u00c9cole Royale du G\u00e9nie (Royal School of Engineering). He also discovered the helicoid. He worked with Lavoisier on the decomposition of water and the evolution of hydrogen.", "Q30400": "The Zumsteinspitze (Punta Zumstein in Italian) (4,563 m) is a peak in the Pennine Alps on the border between Italy and Switzerland. It is a subpeak of Monte Rosa.\nThe summit lies between the Dufourspitze (to which it is joined by the Grenzsattel) and the Signalkuppe (to which it is joined by the Colle Gnifetti).", "Q324351": "Pornorama is a 2007 German comedy film directed by Marc Rothemund. The film describes the porn industry in Munich between the 60s and the 80s.", "Q362304": "Dexter Scott King (born January 30, 1961) is an American animal rights activist and the second son of civil rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King. King is also the brother of Martin Luther King III, Bernice King, and Yolanda King.", "Q784310": "Hip house, also known as rap house or house rap, is a musical genre that mixes elements of house music and hip hop, that originated in both Chicago, United States and London, United Kingdom in the mid to late 1980s.", "Q1087121": "The City of Orange is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 30,134, reflecting a decline of 2,734 (\u22128.3%) from the 32,868 counted in 2000, which had in turn increased by 2,943 (+9.8%) from the 29,925 counted in the 1990 Census.Orange was originally incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on November 27, 1806, from portions of Newark Township. Portions of the township were taken on April 14, 1834, to form the now-defunct Clinton Township. On January 31, 1860, Orange was reincorporated as a town. Portions of the town were taken to form South Orange Township (April 1, 1861, now known as Maplewood), Fairmount (March 11, 1862, now part of West Orange), East Orange Township (March 4, 1863) and West Orange Township (April 10, 1863). On April 3, 1872, Orange was reincorporated as a city. In 1982, the city was one of four Essex County municipalities to pass a referendum to become a township, joining 11 municipalities that had already made the change, of what would ultimately be more than a dozen Essex County municipalities to reclassify themselves as townships in order take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis. The city derives its name from William III of England or William IV, Prince of Orange.Despite the differences in the character of the municipalities, Orange is often joined with neighboring East Orange, South Orange and West Orange and referred to as part of \"the Oranges\".\n\n", "Q239314": "Julia Flavia (8 September 64 \u2013 91) was the daughter and only child to Roman Emperor Titus from his second marriage to the well-connected Marcia Furnilla.", "Q380381": "David John Matthews (born January 9, 1967) is a South African-born American singer, songwriter, musician, actor and record label owner, best known as the lead vocalist, songwriter and guitarist for the Dave Matthews Band. Matthews was born in Johannesburg, and moved frequently between South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States while growing up. Matthews started playing acoustic guitar at the age of nine.\nFrom 1991 to 2003, Matthews predominantly focused on songwriting and performing with the Dave Matthews Band, which he started in Charlottesville, Virginia in 1991. Since then, he has also done various solo performances and produced other records. During the period from 2000 to 2010, his band sold more tickets and earned more money than any other act in North America. The band's 2012 album Away from the World made them the only group to have six consecutive studio albums debut at number one on the Billboard charts. This record was extended to seven consecutive number one albums with the 2018 release, Come Tomorrow.\nIn addition to music, Matthews has had multiple acting roles. He has also won two Grammy Awards: one with the Dave Matthews Band in 1997 for Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group \u2013 \"So Much to Say\" and one in 2004 for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance \u2013 \"Gravedigger\" from his solo album.", "Q598": "Rzesz\u00f3w (US: ZHESH-oof, -\u2060uuf, Polish: [\u02c8\u0290\u025b\u0282uf] (listen); German: Resche; Latin: Resovia) is the largest city in southeastern Poland. It is located on both sides of the Wis\u0142ok River in the heartland of the Sandomierz Basin. Rzesz\u00f3w has been the capital of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) since 1 January 1999, and is also the seat of Rzesz\u00f3w County.\nThe history of Rzesz\u00f3w begins in 1354, when it received city rights and privileges by Casimir III the Great. Local trade routes connecting the European Continent with the Middle East and the Ottoman Empire resulted in the city's early prosperity and development. In the 16th century, Rzesz\u00f3w had a connection with Gda\u0144sk and the Baltic Sea. It also experienced growth in commerce and craftsmanship, especially under local rulers and noblemen. Following the Partitions of Poland, Rzesz\u00f3w was annexed by the Austrian Empire and did not regain its position until it returned to Poland after World War I. During World War II Rzesz\u00f3w's large Jewish community perished in the Holocaust.Rzesz\u00f3w has found its place in the group of the most elite cities in Poland, with growing number of investments, rapid progress and a very high standard of living. In 2011 Forbes awarded Rzesz\u00f3w with the second place in the ranking of the most attractive semi-large cities for business. Moreover, the city is home to a number of higher education schools and foreign consulates. Rzesz\u00f3w is also developing as a regional tourist destination; its Old Town, Main Market Square, churches and synagogues are among the best preserved in the country.\nIn recent years, the population of Rzesz\u00f3w has grown from 159,000 (2005) to over 190,000 (2018). Further plans for extending the city's borders include incorporating surrounding counties to strengthen its function as a metropolitan center in southeastern Poland.Rzesz\u00f3w is served by an international airport and is a member of Eurocities.", "Q4071069": "Arken Arystanov (Kazakh: \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0435\u043d \u041a\u0435\u04a3\u0435\u0441\u0431\u0435\u043a\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u0410\u0440\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, Arken Ke\u0144esbekuly Arystanov) (born March 7, 1966 in Almaty), Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the Republic of Singapore and New Zealand. Doctor of Economy.\n\n", "Q292949": "Lisa Rani Ray (born 4 April 1972) is an Indian Canadian actor, author, columnist, model, performer, philanthropist, social activist, television and theater personality. Ray begun her modelling career in the early 1990s, appearing for leading Indian brands like Bombay Dyeing and Lakm\u00e9. Alongside, she made her acting debut in 1996 in the Tamil film Nethaji. Her first Bollywood appearance was in 2001, in the offbeat romantic thriller Kasoor. Through her acting career, Ray has demonstrated a penchant for issue-oriented portrayals, most notably in the 2005 Oscar nominated Canadian film Water and the award-winning South African feature The World Unseen, described by a reviewer as \"one of the best-conceived queer films of the past year.\"In 2009, Ray was diagnosed with multiple myeloma, an incurable form of blood cancer. She began writing The Yellow Diaries, a blog about her experiences in living with cancer. Her writing and columns have since regularly appeared in multiple major publications. Ray remains an active advocate of stem-cell therapy and has participated in several successful fundraisers and cancer awareness campaigns.\nIn 2011, Ray began hosting a popular travel show on Discovery Channel India alongside appearing as host and judge in Food Network's highest rated show, Top Chef Canada.In 2016, Ray opened an Instagram account dedicated to poetry In March 2019, Ray participated as a panelist on the 2019 edition of Canada Reads where she advocated for David Chariandy's award winning second novel, Brother.In May 2019, Ray\u2019s first book, the memoir Close To The Bone, was published by Harper-Collins India. In October 2019, Ray signed up to write three more books with her publisher Harper-Collins.In 2020, Ray will be seen in the musical 99 songs, written and produced by A. R. Rahman. She is also slated to reappear in season 2 of Amazon Prime Video web series Four More Shots Please!", "Q61897": "Erika Steinbach (pronunciation, born 25 July 1943) is a German conservative politician. She previously served as a member of the Bundestag from 1990 until 2017.She was a member of the Christian Democratic Union from 1974 to 2017, and served as a member of the CDU national board 2000\u20132010, as a member of the leadership of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group and as the CDU/CSU's spokeswoman on human rights and humanitarian aid 2005\u20132017. Steinbach belonged to the socially conservative wing of the CDU and opposes abortion and same-sex marriage. During the European migrant crisis, Steinbach was critical of Chancellor Merkel's policies: in January 2017 she left the CDU over the migrant issue, from then on sitting as an independent member of the Bundestag. She did not stand in the September 2017 federal election, therefore leaving the Bundestag. Instead, Steinbach publicly endorsed the right-wing Alternative f\u00fcr Deutschland (AfD), though she did not become a member of the populist party. In 2018 Steinbach became President of the Desiderius Erasmus Foundation, a political foundation affiliated with the AfD. A long-time member of the German-Israeli Association, Steinbach is also known for pro-Israeli views, and has often criticized the German government for supporting anti-Israeli resolutions at the UN.In addition to her parliamentary activity, Steinbach was president of the Federation of Expellees from 1998 to 2014. Erika Steinbach studied music and was a member of concert orchestras before becoming a politician.\n\n", "Q114558": "Ida W\u00fcst (10 October 1884 in Frankfurt am Main \u2013 4 October 1958 in Berlin) was a German stage and film actress whose career was prominent in the 1920s and 1930s with Universum Film AG (Ufa).", "Q1542920": "Theodore Livingston (born March 5, 1963), better known as Grand Wizzard Theodore, is an American hip hop DJ. He is widely credited as the inventor of the scratching technique. In addition to scratching, he gained credibility for his mastery of needle drops and other techniques which he invented or perfected.", "Q444832": "Joseph Anthony Budden II (born August 31, 1980) is an American broadcaster, cultural critic, media personality, and former rapper. He first gained recognition as a rapper, best known for his 2003 hit single \"Pump It Up\" and as a member of the hip hop supergroup Slaughterhouse. In 2018, he retired from rap, and found success as a broadcaster, having a much publicized run as a co-host on Everyday Struggle for Complex. He currently hosts The Joe Budden Podcast, released bi-weekly through Spotify and YouTube, and State of the Culture on Revolt. He has been described as \"Howard Stern of Hip-Hop\".", "Q76333": "Try Sutrisno (Indonesian pronunciation: [tri sutrisn\u0254]; born 15 November 1935) is an Indonesian politician and retired army general who served as the country's sixth vice president. He held the office from 11 March 1993 to 11 March 1998. Previously, he served as the Commander of the Republic of Indonesia Armed Forces for five years.", "Q5588": "Frida Kahlo (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8f\u027ei\u00f0a \u02c8kalo]; born Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calder\u00f3n; 6 July 1907 \u2013 13 July 1954) was a Mexican painter known for her many portraits, self-portraits, and works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico. Inspired by the country's popular culture, she employed a na\u00efve folk art style to explore questions of identity, postcolonialism, gender, class, and race in Mexican society. Her paintings often had strong autobiographical elements and mixed realism with fantasy. In addition to belonging to the post-revolutionary Mexicayotl movement, which sought to define a Mexican identity, Kahlo has been described as a surrealist or magical realist.Born to a German father and a mestiza mother, Kahlo spent most of her childhood and adult life at La Casa Azul, her family home in Coyoac\u00e1n\u2014now publicly accessible as the Frida Kahlo Museum. Although she was disabled by polio as a child, Kahlo had been a promising student headed for medical school until she suffered a bus accident at the age of eighteen, which caused her lifelong pain and medical problems. During her recovery she returned to her childhood hobby of art with the idea of becoming an artist.\nKahlo's interests in politics and art led her to join the Mexican Communist Party in 1927, through which she met fellow Mexican artist Diego Rivera. The couple married in 1929, and spent the late 1920s and early 1930s travelling in Mexico and the United States together. During this time, she developed her artistic style, drawing her main inspiration from Mexican folk culture, and painted mostly small self-portraits which mixed elements from pre-Columbian and Catholic beliefs. Her paintings raised the interest of Surrealist artist Andr\u00e9 Breton, who arranged for Kahlo's first solo exhibition at the Julien Levy Gallery in New York in 1938; the exhibition was a success, and was followed by another in Paris in 1939. While the French exhibition was less successful, the Louvre purchased a painting from Kahlo, The Frame, making her the first Mexican artist to be featured in their collection. Throughout the 1940s Kahlo participated in exhibitions in Mexico and the United States, and also worked as an art teacher. She taught at the Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado \"La Esmeralda\" and was a founding member of the Seminario de Cultura Mexicana. Kahlo's always-fragile health began to decline in the same decade. She had her first solo exhibition in Mexico in 1953, shortly before her death in 1954 at the age of 47.\nKahlo's work as an artist remained relatively unknown until the late 1970s, when her work was rediscovered by art historians and political activists. By the early 1990s, she had become not only a recognized figure in art history, but also regarded as an icon for Chicanos, the feminism movement and the LGBTQ+ movement. Kahlo's work has been celebrated internationally as emblematic of Mexican national and indigenous traditions and by feminists for what is seen as its uncompromising depiction of the female experience and form.", "Q1179599": "DePauw University is a private university in Greencastle, Indiana. It has an enrollment of 1,972 students. The school has a Methodist heritage and was originally known as Indiana Asbury University. DePauw is a member of both the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference. The Society of Professional Journalists was founded at DePauw.", "Q172805": "Bernard Marie Fran\u00e7ois Alexandre Collomb-Clerc (7 October 1930 in Annecy, Haute-Savoie \u2013 19 September 2011 in La Colle-sur-Loup, Alpes-Maritimes) was a Formula One driver from France. He participated in six World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 2 July 1961, scoring no championship points. He almost always drove self-prepared cars, and first raced Coopers, switching to Lotuses in 1963. His best Formula One result was fourth at Vienna in a non-Championship race in 1961, at the wheel of a Cooper-Climax.", "Q547491": "Cordell Jackson (July 15, 1923 \u2013 October 14, 2004) was an American guitarist thought to be the first woman to produce, engineer, arrange and promote music on her own rock and roll music label.", "Q489854": "Kim Hyun-joong (Korean: \uae40\ud604\uc911; Hanja: \u91d1\u8ce2\u91cd; born June 6, 1986) is a South Korean actor, singer and songwriter. He is a member of the boy band SS501 and played roles in the Korean dramas Boys Over Flowers, and Playful Kiss.After debuting with SS501 in 2005, Kim released his first Korean solo album, Break Down, in 2011, and his first Japanese solo album, Unlimited, in 2012. Due to his commercial success, Kim is considered one of South Korea's biggest Hallyu stars of the early 2010s.", "Q2101172": "Aar\u00f3n S\u00e1enz Garza (1 June 1891 \u2013 26 February 1983) was a Mexican politician.", "Q847018": "Death Row (formerly Future Shock and Tha Row) was an American record label founded in 1991 by Suge Knight, Dr. Dre, The D.O.C. and Dick Griffey. The label became a sensation by releasing multi-platinum hip-hop albums by West Coast-based artists such as Dr. Dre (The Chronic), Snoop Dogg (Doggystyle), Tha Dogg Pound (Dogg Food), and Tupac Shakur (All Eyez on Me) during the 1990s. At its peak, Death Row was making over US$100 million a year.By the late 1990s, the label began to decline after the death of its star artist, Tupac Shakur, imprisonment of co-founder Suge Knight, and the departures of Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg. Although Death Row was enjoying financial success, it was embroiled in controversies, lawsuits, and violence by its artists and associates. Death Row Records filed for bankruptcy in 2006 and was auctioned to WIDEawake Entertainment for $18 million on January 15, 2009.", "Q614071": "Charles Robert Ashbee (17 May 1863 \u2013 23 May 1942) was a British architect and designer who was a prime mover of the Arts and Crafts movement that took its craft ethic from the works of John Ruskin and its co-operative structure from the socialism of William Morris.\nAshbee was defined by one source as \"designer, architect, entrepreneur, and social reformer\". His disciplines included metalwork, textile design, furniture, jewellery and other objects in the Art Nouveau and Arts and Crafts genres.", "Q153613": "Eyes in the Night is a 1942 American crime mystery directed by Fred Zinnemann, based on Baynard Kendrick's 1941 novel The Odor of Violets and starring Edward Arnold, Ann Harding and Donna Reed.\nThe film was followed by a sequel (also starring Arnold), The Hidden Eye.", "Q187324": "Zelda Fitzgerald (n\u00e9e Sayre; July 24, 1900 \u2013 March 10, 1948) was an American novelist, socialite, and painter.\nBorn in Montgomery, Alabama, she was noted for her beauty and high spirits, and was dubbed by her husband as \"the first American Flapper\". She and her husband, F. Scott Fitzgerald, became emblems of the Jazz Age, for which they are still celebrated. The immediate success of Scott's first novel This Side of Paradise (1920) brought them into contact with high society, but their marriage was plagued by wild drinking, infidelity and bitter recriminations. Ernest Hemingway, whom Zelda disliked, blamed her for Scott's declining literary output, though her extensive diaries provided much material for his fiction. After being diagnosed with schizophrenia, she was increasingly confined to specialist clinics, and the couple were living apart when Scott died suddenly in 1940. Zelda died seven years later in a fire at the hospital in Asheville, North Carolina, in which she was a patient.\nA 1970 biography by Nancy Milford was on the short list of contenders for the Pulitzer Prize. In 1992, Zelda was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame.", "Q89481": "Lotte Lang (11 January 1900 \u2013 13 February 1985) was an Austrian actress. She appeared in more than 80 films and television shows between 1932 and 1979.", "Q482901": "Kwon Young-ghil (Korean: \uad8c\uc601\uae38; born 5 November 1941, in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan) is a South Korean politician, journalist, human rights activist, and workers' rights activist. He was a founding member of the People's Victory 21 and Democratic Labour Party.", "Q3560446": "Edmund \"Edme\" Henry (November 15, 1760 \u2013 September 14, 1841) was a notary and political figure in Lower Canada.\nHe was born in Longueuil, the son of a surgeon-major in the R\u00e9giment Royal Roussillon who settled on Saint-Pierre and Miquelon leaving his wife and family in Quebec. Henry attended the Coll\u00e8ge Saint-Rapha\u00ebl, studied law with Simon Sanguinet, received his commission as a notary in 1783 and set up practice in Montreal. In 1794, he moved to La Prairie. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Huntingdon County in 1810. Henry served as a major in the militia during the War of 1812, taking part in the Battle of Ch\u00e2teauguay, and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in 1822. Henry acted as seigneurial agent for Napier Christie Burton, the son of Gabriel Christie; he was also crown land agent for the seigneury of Prairie-de-la-Madeleine and served as commissioner for roads and bridges. In 1815, he established the villages of Christieville (later Iberville), Napierville, and Henryville. Henry was also part owner of the steamboat Edmund Henry. In 1828, he married Marie-Clotilde Girardin, the widow of Jean-Baptiste Raymond, after the death of his first wife Eunice Parker. In 1837, he founded Henry's Bank, with branches at La Prairie and Montreal; he was temporarily forced into bankruptcy after his bank manager absconded with the cash.\nHe died in La Prairie.", "Q320651": "Gabriel Swann Macht (born January 22, 1972) is an American actor and film producer best known for playing The Spirit in the eponymous 2008 film adaptation, as well as for his role as Harvey Specter on the USA Network series Suits.", "Q166870": "The Sweeney is a 2012 British action drama film, inspired by the 1970s The Sweeney, the British television police drama of the same name, but set in contemporary London. Written and directed by Nick Love, from a story by Love and John Hodge, it is based on the characters created by Ian Kennedy Martin. It stars Ray Winstone as Jack Regan, Plan B (credited as Ben Drew) as George Carter, and Damian Lewis as Frank Haskins, with Allen Leech and Hayley Atwell.\nThe story focuses on two members of the Flying Squad, a branch of the Metropolitan Police. The Squad's purpose is to investigate commercial armed robberies, along with the prevention and investigation of other serious armed crime. The title is derived from Sweeney Todd, which is Cockney rhyming slang for \"Flying Squad\". The film was released on 12 September 2012.", "Q297831": "William Leonard Roberts II (born January 28, 1976), known professionally as Rick Ross, is an American rapper, songwriter, entrepreneur and record executive.After releasing his debut single, \"Hustlin'\" in 2006, Ross became the subject of a bidding war, receiving offers from Diddy's Bad Boy Entertainment and Irv Gotti's Murder Inc., before signing a multimillion-dollar deal with Jay Z's Def Jam Records. Ross released his debut album Port of Miami through the label later that year, debuting at the top spot on the U.S. Billboard 200 album chart, with sales of 187,000 units during the first week. Ross released his second studio album, Trilla in 2008, once again debuting atop the Billboard 200.Rick Ross founded the record label Maybach Music Group in 2009, on which he released his studio albums Deeper Than Rap (2009), Teflon Don (2010), God Forgives, I Don't (2012), Mastermind, Hood Billionaire (2014), Black Market (2015), and Rather You Than Me (2017). Ross was also the first artist signed to Diddy's management company Ciroc Entertainment. In early 2012, MTV named Ross as the Hottest MC in the Game.\n\n", "Q24313": "Michael Richard Pence (born June 7, 1959) is an American politician and lawyer serving as the 48th vice president of the United States. He previously was the 50th governor of Indiana from 2013 to 2017 and a member of the United States House of Representatives from 2001 to 2013.\nPence was born and raised in Columbus, Indiana, and is the younger brother of U.S. representative Greg Pence. He graduated from Hanover College and earned a law degree from the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law before entering private practice. After losing two bids for a congressional seat in 1988 and 1990, he became a conservative radio and television talk show host from 1994 to 1999. Pence was elected to the United States Congress in 2000 and represented Indiana's 2nd congressional district and Indiana's 6th congressional district in the House of Representatives from 2001 to 2013. He served as the chairman of the House Republican Conference from 2009 to 2011. Pence described himself as a \"principled conservative\" and supporter of the Tea Party movement, stating that he was \"a Christian, a conservative, and a Republican, in that order.\"Pence successfully sought the Republican nomination for the 2012 Indiana gubernatorial election when term-limited Mitch Daniels retired. He defeated former speaker John R. Gregg in the closest gubernatorial election in 50 years. Upon becoming governor in January 2013, Pence initiated the largest tax cut in Indiana's history and pushed for more funding for education initiatives. Pence signed bills intended to restrict abortions, including one that prohibited abortions if the reason for the procedure was the fetus's race, gender, or disability. After Pence signed the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), he encountered fierce resistance from moderate members of his party, the business community, and LGBT advocates. The backlash against the RFRA led Pence to amend the bill to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and other criteria.\nPence was inaugurated as vice president of the United States on January 20, 2017. He had withdrawn his gubernatorial reelection campaign in July to become the running mate of Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump, who went on to win the 2016 presidential election. He is regarded as a strong supporter of Trump. In January 2020, Pence was appointed chairman of the White House Coronavirus Task Force, established in response to the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in the United States.", "Q62346": "Katja Hannchen Leni Riemann (born 1 November 1963 in Weyhe-Kirchweyhe, West Germany) is a German actress.", "Q120825": "Steffen Wink (born 5 July 1967) is a German actor. He has appeared in more than seventy films since 1991.", "Q544198": "Jett Williams (born Antha Belle Jett; January 6, 1953) is an American singer and songwriter.", "Q3085629": "Fran\u00e7ois P\u00e9rol (born 6 November 1963) is a French banker and high-ranking official and is the current chairman of Natixis.", "Q127192": "Jesse Martin Combs (July 7, 1889 \u2013 August 21, 1953) was a U.S. Representative from Texas.\nBorn in Center, Texas, Combs attended the public schools and graduated from Southwest Texas State Teachers College in 1912. He was admitted to the bar in 1918 and commenced practice in Kountze, Texas. He served as\ncounty judge of Hardin County, Texas (1919\u20131920). He served as district judge of the Seventy-fifth district (1923\u20131925). He served as associate justice of the ninth court of civil appeals (1933\u20131943). He served as member and president of the board of trustees of South Park Schools (1926\u20131940). He served as president of the board of trustees of Lamar College (1940\u20131944).\nCombs was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-ninth and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1945 \u2013 January 3, 1953). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1952. He was succeeded by Jack Brooks. He returned to Beaumont, Texas, where he died August 21, 1953. He was interred in Magnolia Cemetery.", "Q235248": "Rachael May Taylor (born 11 July 1984) is an Australian actress and model. Her first leading role was in the Australian series headLand (2005\u20132006). She then made the transition to Hollywood, appearing in films including Man-Thing (2005), See No Evil (2006), Transformers (2007), Bottle Shock (2008), Cedar Boys (2009), Splinterheads (2009), Shutter (2008), Red Dog (2011) and Any Questions for Ben? (2012).\nShe has also starred as Dr. Lucy Fields on Grey's Anatomy, as one of the Angels on the short-lived reboot Charlie's Angels (both 2011), as the main character on the ABC show 666 Park Avenue (2012\u20132013), and in the NBC action/thriller series Crisis (2014). She starred as Trish Walker in the Netflix exclusive Marvel Cinematic Universe streaming television shows Jessica Jones (2015\u20132019), Luke Cage (2016), and The Defenders (2017).\n\n", "Q910632": "Marcel Jullian (31 January 1922\u201428 June 2004) was a French author, screenwriter for French film and television, and occasional director. He was one of the founders of the TV channel Antenne 2, and its first president from January 1975 to December 1977.\n\n", "Q438537": "Eileen Ryan (born Eileen Annucci) is an American actress. She is the widow of actor and director Leo Penn, and the mother of actors Sean Penn and Chris Penn and singer Michael Penn.", "Q203922": "Mani (in Middle Persian: \ud802\udf4c\ud802\udf40\ud802\udf4d\ud802\udf49 or \ud802\udf6c\ud802\udf60\ud802\udf6d\ud802\udf69 or \ud802\udf8b\ud802\udf80\ud802\udf8c\ud802\udf88 or \ud802\udf28\ud802\udf01\ud802\udf25\ud802\udf0c or \ud802\uded6\ud802\udec0\ud802\uded7\ud802\udecf M\u0101ni, New Persian: \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc M\u0101ni, Syriac M\u0101n\u012b, Greek \u039c\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, Latin Manes; also \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2, Latin Manichaeus, from Syriac \u0721\u0710\u0722\u071d \u071a\u071d\u0710 M\u0101n\u012b \u1e25ayy\u0101 \"Living Mani\", c.\u2009April AD 216\u20132 March AD 274 or 26 February AD 277), of Iranian origin, was the prophet and the founder of Manichaeism, a religion of late antiquity strongly influenced by Gnosticism which was widespread but no longer prevalent by name. Mani was born in or near Seleucia-Ctesiphon in Babylonia, at the time still part of the Parthian Empire. Six of his major works were written in Syriac, and the seventh, dedicated to the Sasanian emperor Shapur I, was written in Middle Persian. He died in Gundeshapur.", "Q2322707": "Esteban Moctezuma Barrag\u00e1n (born 21 October 1954 in Mexico City) is a Mexican politician formerly affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and is currently a member of MORENA. He is a former senator and served as secretary of social development and secretary of the interior in the cabinet of President Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Le\u00f3n. From that position, early in January 1995, he pursued peace talks in Chiapas with the EZLN insurgents; in February the government pursued a strategy of military intervention, followed by a resumption of peace talks with the insurgents. In 2018, he was appointed by President Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador as Secretary of Education.", "Q4723574": "Alfred William McCune (June 11, 1849 \u2013 March 28, 1927) was an American railroad builder, mine operator, and politician from the state of Utah. Owner of several retail and construction businesses, he helped build the Montana Central Railway and a portion of the Utah Southern Railroad, founded the Utah and Pacific Railroad, and built railways in Peru, among other projects. He also owned many profitable mines in Canada, Montana, Peru, and Utah, including the Payne Mine\u2014which paid the most dividends in the history of British Columbia. Late in life, he co-founded the Cerro de Pasco Investment Company, which became the largest copper investor in South America and the largest American investor in Peru until it was nationalized in 1974. He was one of Utah's first millionaires.He nearly became a U.S. Senator in 1899, but after being unable to receive a majority after numerous ballots and accusations of bribery, the state legislature adjourned without electing anyone to the seat. The Senate seat remained vacant for two years, and in 1901 another man was elected to the position.As of the early 21st century, his Salt Lake City mansion, the Alfred McCune Home, was still considered one of the grandest homes ever built in the American West. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.", "Q467027": "Buffy Sainte-Marie, (born Beverly Sainte-Marie, c. February 20, 1941) is an Indigenous Canadian-American singer-songwriter, musician, Oscar-winning composer, visual artist, educator, pacifist, and social activist. Throughout her career in all of these areas, her work has focused on issues facing Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Her singing and writing repertoire also includes subjects of love, war, religion, and mysticism. She has won recognition, awards and honours for her music as well as her work in education and social activism. \nIn 1983, Buffy Sainte-Marie became the first indigenous person to win an Oscar. Her song \"Up Where We Belong\", co-written for the film An Officer and a Gentleman, won both the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 55th Academy Awards and the Golden Globe for Best Original Song. \nIn 1997, she founded the Cradleboard Teaching Project, an educational curriculum devoted to better understanding Native Americans.", "Q168691": "Victor Emmanuel II (Italian: Vittorio Emanuele II; full name: Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso di Savoia; 14 March 1820 \u2013 9 January 1878) was King of Sardinia from 1849 until 17 March 1861, when he assumed the title of King of Italy and became the first king of a united Italy since the 6th century, a title he held until his death in 1878. Borrowing from the old Latin title Pater Patriae of the Roman emperors, the Italians gave him the epithet of Father of the Fatherland (Italian: Padre della Patria).\nBorn in Turin as the eldest son of Charles Albert, Prince of Carignano, and Maria Theresa of Austria, he fought in the First Italian War of Independence (1848-49) before being made King of Piedmont-Sardinia following his father's abdication. He appointed Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, as his Prime Minister, and he consolidated his position by suppressing the republican left. In 1855, he sent an expeditionary corps to side with French and British forces during the Crimean War; the deployment of Italian troops to the Crimea, and the gallantry shown by them in the Battle of the Chernaya (16 August 1855) and in the siege of Sevastopol led the Kingdom of Sardinia to be among the participants at the peace conference at the end of the war, where it could address the issue of the Italian unification to other European powers. This allowed Victor Emmanuel to ally himself with Napoleon III, Emperor of France. France had supported Sardinia in the Second Italian War of Independence, resulting in liberating Lombardy from Austrian rule.\nVictor Emmanuel supported the Expedition of the Thousand (1860\u20131861) led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, which resulted in the rapid fall of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in southern Italy. However, Victor Emmanuel halted Garibaldi when he appeared ready to attack Rome, still under the Papal States, as it was under French protection. In 1860, Tuscany, Modena, Parma and Romagna decided to side with Sardinia-Piedmont, and Victor Emmanuel then marched victoriously in the Marche and Umbria after the victorious battle of Castelfidardo over the Papal forces. He subsequently met Garibaldi at Teano, receiving from him the control of southern Italy and becoming the first King of Italy on 17 March 1861.\nIn 1866, the Third Italian War of Independence allowed Italy to annex Veneto. In 1870, Victor Emmanuel also took advantage of the Prussian victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War to taking over the Papal States after the French withdrew. He entered Rome on 20 September 1870 and set up the new capital there on 2 July 1871. He died in Rome in 1878, and was buried in the Pantheon.\nThe Italian national Victor Emmanuel II monument in Rome, containing the Altare della Patria, was built in his honor.", "Q626969": "Arbee Perkins Stidham (February 9, 1917 \u2013 April 26, 1988) was an American blues singer and multi-instrumentalist, active mostly in the late 1940s and 1950s.\nHe was born in De Valls Bluff, Arkansas, to a musical family: his father, Luddie Stidham, played with Jimmie Lunceford, and his uncle with the Memphis Jug Band. Arbie learned to play the harmonica, clarinet and saxophone as a child. Before his teens he had formed a band, the Southern Syncopators, which backed Bessie Smith on tour in 1930 and 1931 and played on the radio and in clubs in Arkansas and Memphis, Tennessee.\nIn the mid-1940s Stidham moved to Chicago, where he met Lester Melrose, who signed him to a recording contract with RCA Victor in 1947. His biggest hit, \"My Heart Belongs to You\", was recorded at his first session; it reached number one on the Billboard Race Records chart in June 1948. He spent the rest of his career trying to achieve the same success, recording for Checker, States, and other independent record labels as a jazz-influenced blues vocalist.\nHe was in a car crash in the 1950s, and his Injuries made it impossible for him to play the saxophone, so he took up the guitar, under the tutelage of Big Bill Broonzy, and played it on recordings for Folkways Records in the early 1960s.\nHe recorded occasionally until the early 1970s and appeared at music festivals and clubs in the United States and abroad. He lectured on the blues at Cleveland State University in the 1970s. He appeared in the film The Bluesman in 1973.Stidham died on April 26, 1988, in Cook County, Illinois, aged 71.", "Q62352": "Johan Marius Nicolaas Heesters (5 December 1903 \u2013 24 December 2011) professionally known as Johannes Heesters, was a Dutch actor of stage, television and film as well as a vocalist of numerous recordings and performer on the concert stage with a career dating back to the 1920s. Heesters worked as an actor until his death and is one of the oldest performing entertainers in history, performing shortly before his death at the age of 108. Heesters was almost exclusively active in the German-speaking world from the mid-1930s and became a film star in Nazi Germany, which later led to controversy in his native country. He was able to maintain his popularity in Germany in the decades until his death.", "Q714717": "Christ's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college includes the Master, the Fellows of the College, and about 450 undergraduate and 170 graduate students. The college was founded by William Byngham in 1437 as God's House. In 1505, the college was granted a new royal charter, was given a substantial endowment by Lady Margaret Beaufort, and changed its name to Christ's College, becoming the twelfth of the Cambridge colleges to be founded in its current form. The college is renowned for educating some of Cambridge's most famous alumni, including Charles Darwin and John Milton.\nWithin Cambridge, Christ's has a reputation for highest academic standards and strong tutorial support. It has averaged 1st place on the Tompkins Table from 1980 to 2006 and third place from 2006 to 2013, returning to first place in 2018 and 2019.", "Q126298": "Andr\u00e9 Blavier (23 October 1922 \u2013 12 June 2001) was a Belgian poet. From 1961 he was a member of the literary group Oulipo and served as their foreign correspondent.He was born in Verviers into a working-class family. His wife was the collage artist and translator Odette Blavier. \nBlavier was greatly influenced by the work of Raymond Queneau, and became a member of Oulipo (the name is a contraction for Ouvroir de litt\u00e9rature potentielle or \"workshop of potential literature\"), a group consisting of mostly French-speaking writers and mathematicians who create literary works using constrained writing techniques.", "Q7088836": "Olufunmilayo I. Olopade (born 1957 Nigeria) is a hematology oncologist, Associate Dean for Global Health and Walter L. Palmer Distinguished Service Professor in Medicine and Human Genetics at the University of Chicago. She also serves as director of the University of Chicago Hospital's Cancer Risk Clinic.", "Q222720": "Fargo is a 1996 black comedy crime thriller film written, produced and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. Frances McDormand stars as Marge Gunderson, a pregnant Minnesota police chief investigating roadside homicides that ensue after a desperate car salesman (William H. Macy) hires two criminals (Steve Buscemi and Peter Stormare) to kidnap his wife in order to extort a hefty ransom from his wealthy father-in-law (Harve Presnell). The film was an international co-production between the United States and United Kingdom.\nFargo premiered at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival, where Joel Coen won the festival's Prix de la mise en sc\u00e8ne (Best Director Award) and the film was nominated for the Palme d'Or. A critical and commercial success, Fargo received seven Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture. McDormand received the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Coens won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.\nThe film was selected in 2006 for preservation in the National Film Registry of the United States by the Library of Congress as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"\u2014one of only six films so designated in its first year of eligibility. In 1998, the American Film Institute named it one of the 100 greatest American films in history. A Coen-produced FX television series of the same name, inspired by Fargo and taking place in the same fictional universe, premiered in 2014 and received critical acclaim.", "Q427403": "Manuel de Pedrolo i Molina (Catalan pronunciation: [m\u0259nu\u02c8\u025bl d\u0259 p\u0259\u02c8\u00f0\u027e\u0254lu]; 1918 \u2013 1990) was an author of novels, short stories, poetry and plays. He's mostly known for his sci-fi novel Mecanoscrit del segon origen (Typescript of the Second Origin).", "Q899770": "International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) is an international arbitration institution established in 1966 for legal dispute resolution and conciliation between international investors. The ICSID is part of and funded by the World Bank Group, headquartered in Washington, D.C., in the United States. It is an autonomous, multilateral specialized institution to encourage international flow of investment and mitigate non-commercial risks by a treaty drafted by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development's executive directors and signed by member countries. As of May 2016, 153 contracting member states agreed to enforce and uphold arbitral awards in accordance with the ICSID Convention.\nThe center performs advisory activities and maintains several publications.\n\n", "Q108165": "Christine Westermann (born 2 December 1948 in Erfurt) is a German television and radio host, journalist and author.", "Q168849": "Proof of Life is a 2000 American action thriller film directed and produced by Taylor Hackford. The title refers to a phrase commonly used to indicate proof that a kidnap victim is still alive. The film's screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, who also was a executive producer, and was inspired by William Prochnau's Vanity Fair magazine article \"Adventures in the Ransom Trade\", and Thomas Hargrove's book The Long March to Freedom in which Hargrove recounts how his release was negotiated by Thomas Clayton, who went on to be the founder of kidnap-for-ransom consultancy Clayton Consultants, Inc.\nThe film stars Meg Ryan and Russell Crowe.", "Q2480843": "Jacques Bergerac (26 May 1927 \u2013 15 June 2014) was a French actor who later became a business executive with Revlon.", "Q286928": "Priscilla Lawson (born Priscilla Jones Shortridge, March 8, 1914 \u2013 August 27, 1958), was an American actress best known for her role as Princess Aura in the original Flash Gordon serial (1936).", "Q206696": "In Swiss history, the Helvetic Republic (1798\u20131803) represented an early attempt to impose a central authority over Switzerland, which until then had consisted of self-governing cantons united by a loose military alliance (and ruling over subject territories such as Vaud).\nThe French invaded Switzerland and turned it into an ally known as the \"Helvetic Republic\". The interference with localism and traditional liberties was deeply resented, although some modernizing reforms took place. Resistance was strongest in the more traditional Catholic bastions, with armed uprisings breaking out in spring 1798 in the central part of Switzerland. The French Army suppressed the uprisings, but support for revolutionary ideals steadily declined, as the Swiss resented their loss of local democracy, the new taxes, the centralization, and the hostility to religion. Nonetheless, there were long-term impacts.The Republic being named Helvetic after the Helvetii, the Gaulish inhabitants of the Swiss Plateau in antiquity, was not an innovation; rather, the Swiss Confederacy had occasionally been dubbed Republica Helvetiorum in humanist Latin since the 17th century, and Helvetia, the Swiss national personification, made her first appearance in 1672.", "Q77039": "Meryem Sarah Uzerli (Turkish pronunciation: [m\u00e6\u027e\u02c8j\u00e6m uz\u00e6\u027e\u02c8li]; born 12 August 1983) is a Turkish-German actress and model who rose to prominence by playing H\u00fcrrem Sultan in the Turkish TV series Muhte\u015fem Y\u00fczy\u0131l (2011\u20132013), for which she received critical acclaim and won numerous accolades, including a Golden Butterfly Award.Uzerli was born and raised in Kassel. She made her acting debut with minor parts in German productions. She later made minor appearances in the television series Notruf Hafenkante (2010) and Ein Fall f\u00fcr zwei (2010). Uzerli is also known for her roles in German films like Journey of No Return (2010) and Jetzt aber Ballett (2010). At the end of 2010, she was chosen by Meral Okay for her first leading role in the Turkish TV series Muhte\u015fem Y\u00fczy\u0131l (2011\u20132013). In addition to her acting career, Uzerli has appeared in many advertising films and is the face of numerous brands. In 2012, she was chosen as the Woman of the Year by GQ Turkey.", "Q190894": "Henri La Fontaine (French pronunciation: \u200b[laf\u0254\u0303\u02c8t\u025bn]; 22 April 1854 \u2013 14 May 1943), was a Belgian international lawyer and president of the International Peace Bureau. He received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1913 because \" he was the effective leader of the peace movement in Europe\".", "Q236755": "Heather Christina Marie Matarazzo (born November 10, 1982) is an American actress. Her breakthrough role was Dawn Wiener, a dorky girl in the film Welcome to the Dollhouse (1995). She played Lilly in The Princess Diaries (2001) and The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (2004). Her other films include The Devil's Advocate (1997), Scream 3 (2000), Sorority Boys (2002), Saved! (2004), and Hostel: Part II (2007).", "Q6415161": "Inoue Hisashi (\u4e95\u4e0a \u3072\u3055\u3057, Inoue Hisashi, 16 November 1934 \u2013 9 April 2010) was a leading Japanese playwright and writer of comic fiction. From 1961 to 1986, he used the pen name of Uchiyama Hisashi.", "Q2161692": "Roger Dumas (9 May 1932 \u2013 2 July 2016) was a French film actor. He appeared in more than 100 films between 1954 and 2016. He was born in Annonay, Ard\u00e8che.", "Q208863": "Hachi\u014dji (\u516b\u738b\u5b50\u5e02, Hachi\u014dji-shi) is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 February 2016, the city had an estimated population of 579,330, and a population density of 3110 persons per km2. Its total area is 186.38 square kilometres (71.96 sq mi).", "Q1106359": "Thomas Homer-Dixon (born 1956) is a Canadian political scientist and University Research Chair at the University of Waterloo in the Faculty of Environment, and a professor at the Balsillie School of International Affairs in Waterloo, Canada.", "Q315826": "Michael Thomas Green (born July 30, 1971) is a Canadian-American comedian, actor, filmmaker, and talk show host. Known for his own unique brand of shock comedy, he found mainstream prominence via his MTV show aptly titled The Tom Green Show (1994\u20132000). Green is also known for his roles in the Hollywood films Road Trip (2000), Charlie's Angels (2000), Freddy Got Fingered (2001; directed by Green himself), Stealing Harvard (2002) and Shred (2008). He was briefly married to actress Drew Barrymore (2001\u20132002), who co-starred with him in Charlie's Angels and Freddy Got Fingered.\nIn June 2003, Green served as a guest host on Late Show with David Letterman, which led to him hosting his own late-night talk show on MTV titled The New Tom Green Show (2003 only). From 2006 until 2011, he hosted his internet talk show Tom Green's House Tonight from his living room, and began performing stand-up comedy in 2010. From October 2013 to November 2014, Green hosted the weekly talk show Tom Green Live on American cable network AXS TV.", "Q125791": "Fadil Hoxha (Serbian: \u0424\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0459 \u0425\u043e\u045f\u0430, Fadilj Hod\u017ea; 15 March 1916 \u2013 22 April 2001) was an Albanian communist revolutionary and politician from Kosovo. He was a member of the Communist party and fought in the Yugoslav Partisans during the World War II. After the war, he was the first Chairman of the Executive Council of the Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija (1945-1963) and later member of the Presidium of Yugoslavia (1974-1984).", "Q432768": "Mildred Elizabeth Gillars (November 29, 1900 \u2013 June 25, 1988), nicknamed \"Axis Sally\" along with Rita Zucca, was an American broadcaster employed by Nazi Germany to disseminate propaganda during World War II. Following her capture in post-war Berlin, she became the first woman to be convicted of treason against the United States. In March 1949, she was sentenced to ten to thirty years' imprisonment. She was released in 1961.", "Q66134": "Niederried bei Interlaken is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q741058": "William Gibbs McAdoo Jr. (October 31, 1863 \u2013 February 1, 1941) was an American lawyer and statesman. McAdoo was a leader of the Progressive movement and played a major role in the administration of President Woodrow Wilson. A member of the Democratic Party, he also represented California in the United States Senate.\nBorn in Marietta, Georgia, McAdoo moved to Knoxville, Tennessee in his youth and graduated from the University of Tennessee. He established a legal practice in Chattanooga, Tennessee before moving to New York City in 1892. He gained notoriety as the president of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Company and served as the vice chairman of the Democratic National Committee. McAdoo worked on Wilson's successful 1912 presidential campaign and served as the United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1913 to 1918. He married Wilson's daughter, Eleanor, in 1914. McAdoo presided over the establishment of the Federal Reserve System and helped prevent an economic crisis after the outbreak of World War I. After the U.S. entered the war, McAdoo also served as the Director General of Railroads. McAdoo left Wilson's Cabinet in 1919, co-founding the law firm of McAdoo, Cotton & Franklin.\nMcAdoo sought the Democratic presidential nomination at the 1920 Democratic National Convention but was blocked by his father-in-law Woodrow Wilson. In 1922, McAdoo left his law firm and moved to California. He sought the Democratic presidential nomination again in 1924, but the 1924 Democratic National Convention nominated John W. Davis. He was elected to the Senate in 1932 but was defeated in his bid for a second term. McAdoo died of a heart attack in 1941 while traveling to the third inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.", "Q2600751": "The Escola Polit\u00e9cnica of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (or the Engineering School of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Portuguese: Escola Polit\u00e9cnica da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo) (usually called Poli, Poli-USP or EPUSP) is an engineering school at the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil.\nIt was founded in 1893 - before the creation of USP itself - and was the first engineering school in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo. Its original name was \"Escola Polit\u00e9cnica de S\u00e3o Paulo\". It was incorporated by USP in 1934. Its students are known as \"polit\u00e9cnicos\".\nSince many graduates from the Escola Polit\u00e9cnica have, throughout Brazilian history, occupied positions with public exposure and/or business and industry leadership, including ten mayors of S\u00e3o Paulo and six state governors, it has a reputation of \"training leaders\". The Escola Polit\u00e9cnica is part of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo, widely regarded as one of the best higher education institutions in Latin America, but has acquired a reputation in its own right, having its civil, electrical, mechanical, and chemical engineering courses ranked as the best in the country in 2014.Internationally, along with the other engineering schools of USP (S\u00e3o Carlos School of Engineering and Lorena School of Engineering), the Escola Polit\u00e9cnica was ranked among the top 100 engineering schools worldwide by Academic Ranking of World Universities. Its computer science, chemical, civil, electrical/electronic and mechanical engineering departments were also ranked in the top 100 worldwide in the QS World University Rankings. The school offers numerous double-degree and open exchange programs for its students, celebrating in 2015 its 1,000th double diploma between USP and its partner universities.", "Q207588": "From Here to Eternity is a 1953 American drama romance war film directed by Fred Zinnemann, and written by Daniel Taradash, based on the novel of the same name by James Jones. The picture deals with the tribulations of three U.S. Army soldiers, played by Burt Lancaster, Montgomery Clift, and Frank Sinatra, stationed on Hawaii in the months leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Deborah Kerr and Donna Reed portray the women in their lives, and the supporting cast includes Ernest Borgnine, Philip Ober, Jack Warden, Mickey Shaughnessy, Claude Akins, and George Reeves.\nThe film won eight Academy Awards out of 13 nominations, including awards for Best Picture, Best Director (Fred Zinnemann), Adapted Screenplay, Supporting Actor (Frank Sinatra), and Supporting Actress (Donna Reed). The film's title originally comes from a quote from Rudyard Kipling's 1892 poem \"Gentlemen-Rankers\", about soldiers of the British Empire who had \"lost [their] way\" and were \"damned from here to eternity\".\nIn 2002, From Here to Eternity was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q187330": "Hilda Frances Margaret Prescott, more usually known as H. F. M. Prescott (22 February 1896\u20131972), was an English author, academic and historian. She was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.", "Q531513": "Sylvie Valayre (born 1964, Paris) is a French operatic soprano known for her versatile interpretations of lyric, spinto, and dramatic coloratura soprano parts. She sings grueling roles like Abigaille, Lady Macbeth or Turandot as well as lighter pieces like Giordano's Maddalena, Cio-Cio San (Madama Butterfly), or Verdi's Desdemona at major opera houses around the world.", "Q115652": "Antoine-Henri, Baron Jomini (French: [\u0292\u0254mini]; 6 March 1779 \u2013 24 March 1869) was a French-Swiss officer who served as a general in the French and later in the Russian service, and one of the most celebrated writers on the Napoleonic art of war. Jomini's ideas are a staple at military academies, the United States Military Academy at West Point being a prominent example; his theories were thought to have affected many officers who later served in the American Civil War. He may have coined the term logistics in his Summary of the Art of War (1838).", "Q210792": "Larry Cedar (born March 6, 1955) is an American actor and voice actor, best known as one of the players of the highly acclaimed Children's Television Workshop mathematics show Square One TV on PBS from 1987 to 1994. He also played Max, Alex the Butcher's assistant, in a series of commercials for Kroger in 1989. Cedar is also known for playing Leon, the opium-addicted thief and faro dealer, in the internationally acclaimed HBO series, Deadwood.", "Q66652": "Salmsach is a municipality in the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q279724": "The University of Troms\u00f8 \u2013 The Arctic University of Norway (Norwegian: Universitetet i Troms\u00f8 \u2013 Norges arktiske universitet) is the world's northernmost university. Located in the city of Troms\u00f8, Norway, it was established in 1968, and opened in 1972. It is one of eight universities in Norway. The University of Troms\u00f8 is the largest research and educational institution in northern Norway. The University's location makes it a natural venue for the development of studies of the region's natural environment, culture, and society.\nThe main focus of the University's activities is on auroral light research, space science, fishery science, biotechnology, linguistics, multicultural societies, Saami culture, telemedicine, epidemiology and a wide spectrum of Arctic research projects. The close vicinity of the Norwegian Polar Institute, the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research and the Polar Environmental Centre gives Troms\u00f8 added weight and importance as an international centre for Arctic research. Research activities, however, are not limited to Arctic studies. The University researchers work within a broad range of subjects and are recognised both nationally and internationally.\nOn 1 January 2009, the University of Troms\u00f8 merged with Troms\u00f8 University College. On 1 August 2013, the university merged with Finnmark University College to form Universitetet i Troms\u00f8 \u2013 Norges arktiske universitet (The University of Troms\u00f8 \u2013 The Arctic University of Norway), thereby adding campuses in Alta, Hammerfest and Kirkenes. On 1 January 2016, Narvik University College and Harstad University College merged with UiT - The Arctic University of Norway. As of January 2016 the university now has six campus locations in northern Norway, the main campus being Troms\u00f8.", "Q526709": "William Dean Howells (; March 1, 1837 \u2013 May 11, 1920) was an American realist novelist, literary critic, and playwright, nicknamed \"The Dean of American Letters\". He was particularly known for his tenure as editor of The Atlantic Monthly, as well as for his own prolific writings, including the Christmas story \"Christmas Every Day\" and the novels The Rise of Silas Lapham and A Traveler from Altruria.", "Q372103": "Electronic body music (commonly abbreviated as EBM) is a genre of electronic music that combines elements of industrial music and synth-punk with elements of disco and dance music. It developed in the early 1980s in Germany and Belgium and came to prominence in Belgium at the end of the decade. EBM was generally considered a part of the European new wave and post-punk movement and the first style that blended synthesized sounds with an ecstatic style of dancing (e.g. pogo).In the second half of the 1980s, a youth-cultural scene emerged from EBM whose followers describe themselves as EBM-heads or (in North America) as rivetheads.", "Q115134": "Aida Turturro (born September 25, 1962) is an American actress best known for playing Janice Soprano, sister of New Jersey mob boss Tony Soprano, on the HBO drama series The Sopranos (1999\u20132007).", "Q980235": "Conrad Malte-Brun (12 August 1775 \u2013 14 December 1826), born Malthe Conrad Bruun, and sometimes referred to simply as Malte-Brun, was a Dano-French geographer and journalist. His second son, Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun, was also a geographer. Today he is perhaps best remembered for coining the name for the geographic region Oceania (French Oc\u00e9anie) around 1812.", "Q3194724": "Keith John Ashfield, (March 28, 1952 \u2013 April 22, 2018) was a Canadian politician. He served as the MP for the electoral district of Fredericton from 2008 to 2015, and before that was a member of the New Brunswick Legislature from 1999 to 2008. He served in the federal cabinet in various capacities from 2008 to 2013.", "Q271378": "\u0160pela Pretnar (born 5 March 1973 in Bled, SFR Yugoslavia) is a former alpine skier.\nIn her career, Pretnar won six races in Alpine Skiing World Cup races, with 13 podiums altogether. In the 1999\u20132000 season, she won a small crystal globe in slalom. Pretnar was named Slovenian sportswoman of the year in 2000. Pretnar represented Slovenia at the 2002 Winter Olympics.Currently, Pretnar is a sports reporter at a Slovenian commercial TV station POP TV.", "Q27168": "Randers (Danish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281\u0251n\u0250s]) is a city in Randers Municipality, Central Denmark Region on the Jutland peninsula. It is Denmark's sixth-largest city, with a population of 62,586 (1 January 2019). Randers is the municipality's main town and the site of its municipal council. By road it is 38.5 kilometres (23.9 mi) north of Aarhus, 43.8 kilometres (27.2 mi) east of Viborg, and 224 kilometres (139 mi) northwest of Copenhagen.\nRanders became a thriving market town in medieval times, and many of its 15th-century half-timbered houses remain today, as does St Martin's Church, also from that period. Trade by sea was facilitated through the Guden\u00e5 River, entering Randers Fjord. During industrialization, Randers quickly became one of the most important industrial towns in the country, but it saw itself outpaced by the cities of Aarhus and Aalborg at the beginning of the 20th century. Most of the larger historic industries in Randers are gone today. From 1970, the population saw a decline from a peak of 58.500 citizens, until a stabilization in the 1990s occurred, followed by a modest rise since then.The main tourist attraction is Randers Tropical Zoo thanks to its artificial rainforest, the largest in Northern Europe, its 350 varieties of plant and over 175 species of animals. The city's football team, Randers FC, play their homes games at the AutoC Park Randers, and are in Denmark's first league, the Superligaen. The town is also home to Randers rugby union club and Jutland RLFC, a rugby league team, as well as Randers Cimbria, a Basketligaen team that took 2nd place in the 2013\u20132014 season.", "Q604510": "Charley Jordan (January 1, 1890 \u2013 November 15, 1954) was an American, St. Louis blues singer, songwriter and guitarist, as well as a talent scout, originally from Mabelvale, Arkansas. He was known for a unique style that drew on his rural roots.", "Q49869": "Takuya Tasso (\u9054\u5897 \u62d3\u4e5f, Tasso Takuya, born 10 June 1964) is a Japanese politician and the current governor of Iwate Prefecture. He is a native of Morioka and graduate of the University of Tokyo.", "Q2722282": "Anil Kakodkar (born 11 November 1943) is an Indian nuclear physicist and mechanical engineer. He was the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India and the Secretary to the Government of India, he was the Director of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay from 1996\u20132000. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian honour, on 26 January 2009.\nApart from playing a major role in India's nuclear tests asserting sovereignty, Kakodkar champions India's self-reliance on thorium as a fuel for nuclear energy.", "Q322734": "Recollections of the Yellow House (Portuguese: Recorda\u00e7\u00f5es da Casa Amarela) is a 1989 Portuguese film directed by Jo\u00e3o C\u00e9sar Monteiro.", "Q220889": "Mike Stern (born January 10, 1953) is an American jazz guitarist. After playing with Blood, Sweat & Tears, he worked with drummer Billy Cobham, then with trumpeter Miles Davis from 1981 to 1983 and again in 1985. He then began a solo career, releasing more than a dozen albums.\nStern was named Best Jazz Guitarist of 1993 by Guitar Player magazine. At the Festival International de Jazz de Montr\u00e9al in June 2007, he was given the Miles Davis Award, which was created to recognize internationally acclaimed jazz artists whose work has contributed significantly to the renewal of the genre. In 2009 Stern was listed on Down Beat's list of 75 best jazz guitarists of all time. He received Guitar Player magazine's Certified Legend Award on January 21, 2012.", "Q70030": "Lamone is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q1058557": "Chad Edward Alesna Gould (born 30 September 1982) is an English-Filipino Music Artist and footballer who played as a central defender or striker for the Loyola Meralco Sparks and the Philippines national team.", "Q360507": "Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u043e\u0301\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; August 9 [O.S. July 28] 1894 \u2013 July 22, 1958) was a Soviet author and satirist.", "Q640352": "Henri B\u00e9raud (21 September 1885 in Lyon \u2013 24 October 1958 in Saint-Cl\u00e9ment-des-Baleines) was a French novelist and journalist. He was sentenced to death \u2013 later commuted to life imprisonment \u2013 for collaboration with the Germans, in 1945.", "Q317957": "Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (French: [\u0283a\u0281l d\u0259 f\u0281\u025bjsin\u025b]; 14 November 1828 \u2013 14 May 1923) was a French statesman and four times Prime Minister during the Third Republic. He also served an important term as Minister of War (1888\u201393). He belonged to the Opportunist Republicans faction.\nHe was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences, and in 1890, the fourteenth member to occupy a seat in the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.", "Q156019": "The National Democratic Party of Germany (German: Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands or NPD) is a far-right and ultranationalist political party in Germany.\nThe party was founded in 1964 as successor to the German Reich Party (German: Deutsche Reichspartei, DRP). Party statements also self-identify the party as Germany's \"only significant patriotic force\". On 1 January 2011, the nationalist German People's Union (German: Deutsche Volksunion) merged with the NPD and the party name of the National Democratic Party of Germany was extended by the addition of \"The People's Union\".The party is mostly described as a neo-Nazi organization and has been referred to as \"the most significant neo-Nazi party to emerge after 1945\". The German Federal Agency for Civic Education, or BPB, has criticized the NPD for working with members of organizations which were later found unconstitutional by the federal courts and disbanded, while the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (German: Bundesamt f\u00fcr Verfassungsschutz), Germany's domestic security agency, classifies the NPD as a \"threat to the constitutional order\" because of its platform and ideology, and it is under their observation. An effort to outlaw the party failed in 2003, because the government had many informers and agents in the party, some in high position, who had written part of the material used against them.[68]Since its founding in 1964, the NPD has never managed to win enough votes on the federal level to cross Germany's 5% minimum threshold for representation in the Bundestag; it has succeeded in crossing the 5% threshold and gaining representation in state parliaments 11 times, including one-convocation entry to seven West German state parliaments between November 1966 and April 1968 and two-convocation electoral success in two East German states of Saxony and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern between 2004 and 2011. Since 2016, the NPD is again not represented in state parliaments. Udo Voigt led the NPD from 1996 to 2011. He was succeeded by Holger Apfel, who in turn was replaced by Udo Past\u00f6rs in December 2013. In November 2014, Past\u00f6rs was ousted and Frank Franz became the party's leader. Voigt was elected the party's first Member of the European Parliament in 2014. The party lost the seat in the 2019 European Parliament election.", "Q108603": "Klaus Dede (1 June 1935 in Nordenham, Oldenburg \u2013 5 May 2018, Oldenburg) was a German writer and journalist.", "Q1018173": "Sagaing (Burmese: \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037; MLCTS: cac kuing: mrui) is the capital of Myanmar's Sagaing Region and located the Irrawaddy River, 20 km to the south-west of Mandalay on the opposite bank of the river, Sagaing, with numerous Buddhist monasteries is an important religious and monastic centre. The pagodas and monasteries crowd the numerous hills along the ridge running parallel to the river. The central pagoda, Soon U Ponya Shin Pagoda, is connected by a set of covered staircases that run up the 240 m hill.\nToday, with about 70,000 inhabitants, the city is part of Mandalay built-up area with more than 1,022,000 inhabitants estimated in 2011. The city is a frequent tourist destination of day trippers. Within the city are the Sagaing Institute of Education, the Sagaing Education College, Sagaing University, Technological University (Sagaing), and co-operative university (Sagaing).", "Q927934": "Rom\u00e9o-Adrien LeBlanc (December 18, 1927 \u2013 June 24, 2009) was a Canadian journalist, politician, and statesman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 25th since the Canadian Confederation.\nLeBlanc was born and educated in New Brunswick, and also studied in France prior to becoming a teacher and then a reporter for Radio-Canada. He was subsequently elected to the House of Commons in 1972, whereafter he served as a minister of the Crown until 1984, when he was moved to the Senate and became that chamber's Speaker.\nIn 1994, he was appointed as governor general by Queen Elizabeth II, on the recommendation of Prime Minister of Canada Jean Chr\u00e9tien, to replace Ramon John Hnatyshyn as viceroy, and he occupied the post until succeeded by Adrienne Clarkson in 1999, citing his health as the reason for his stepping down. His appointment as the Queen's representative caused some controversy, due to perceptions of political favouritism, though he was praised for raising the stature of Acadians and francophones, and for returning Rideau Hall to the centre of life in Ottawa.On August 8, 1974, LeBlanc was sworn into the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. He died of Alzheimer's disease on June 24, 2009, aged 81.", "Q15864": "The United Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden; French: Royaume-Uni des Pays-Bas) is the unofficial name given to the Kingdom of the Netherlands as it existed between 1815 and 1839. The United Netherlands was created in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars through the fusion of territories that had belonged to the former Dutch Republic, Austrian Netherlands, and Prince-Bishopric of Li\u00e8ge. The polity was a constitutional monarchy, ruled by William I of the House of Orange-Nassau.\nThe polity collapsed in 1830 with the outbreak of the Belgian Revolution. With the de facto secession of Belgium, the Netherlands was left as a rump state and refused to recognise Belgian independence until 1839 when the Treaty of London was signed, fixing the border between the two states and guaranteeing Belgian independence and neutrality as the Kingdom of Belgium.", "Q573046": "For other people of the same name, see Anthony Cox (disambiguation)Anthony Cox (born October 24, 1954) is an American jazz bass player. He is known for his work with several leading musicians including Geri Allen, Dewey Redman, Dave Douglas, John Scofield, Pat Metheny, Gary Thomas, Marty Ehrlich, Ed Blackwell, Joe Lovano, and Dave King. He plays mainly in the post-bop, avant-garde, and traditional styles, though he is \"versatile enough to work in any style effectively.\"Cox grew up in Minneapolis and attended college at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. Peter Madsen wrote that Cox is \"open to all kinds of great music from around the world\" and that \"his bass sound is full of beauty and warmth and his ability to accompany and still add very creative ideas into whatever music he is playing is remarkable. He is equally comfortable playing chord changes with a Stan Getz or Kenny Wheeler or playing open music with a Dewey Redman or Geri Allen.\"", "Q429348": "James Houston Davis (September 11, 1899 \u2013 November 5, 2000) was an American politician and a singer and songwriter of both sacred and popular songs. Davis was elected for two nonconsecutive terms from 1944 to 1948 and from 1960 to 1964 as the governor of his native Louisiana. He ran both campaigns as a controversial advocate for impoverished and rural white Louisianians.\nDavis was a nationally popular country music and gospel singer from the 1930s into the 1960s, occasionally recording and performing as late as the early 1990s. He appeared as himself in a number of Hollywood movies. He was inducted into six halls of fame, including the Country Music Hall of Fame, the Southern Gospel Music Association Hall of Fame, and the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame. At the time of his death in 2000, he was the oldest living former governor as well as the last living governor to have been born in the 19th century.", "Q383844": "Rollerball is a 2002 remake of the 1975 science-fiction film of the same name. It stars Chris Klein, Jean Reno, LL Cool J, Rebecca Romijn, and Naveen Andrews. It was directed by John McTiernan and has a much greater focus on action, with more muted social and political overtones than the original. Unlike the previous film, it takes place in the present rather than in a future dystopian society.", "Q153149": "Lennart Georg Meri (Estonian pronunciation: [\u02c8len\u02d1\u0251rt \u02c8georg \u02c8meri]; 29 March 1929 \u2013 14 March 2006) was an Estonian politician, writer, and film director. He served as the second President of Estonia from 1992 to 2001. Meri was among the leaders of the movement to restore Estonian independence from the Soviet Union.", "Q1466666": "Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU) in Tomsk, Russia, is the oldest technical university in Russia east of the Urals. The university was founded in 1896 and opened in 1900 as the Tomsk Technological Institute. In 1925, the school was renamed the Siberian Technological Institute and in 1930, the institute was split into five divisions, three of which remained in Tomsk. In 1934, the three institutes in Tomsk reunited to form a new institute that would be named the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute. The university has more than 22,000 current students and has graduated more than 100,000 technical specialists. As of 2014 the rector was Petr S. Chubik.", "Q905203": "Pugh Rogefeldt, real name Anders Sture Torbj\u00f6rn Rogefeldt (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8r\u00fb\u02d0\u0261\u025b\u02ccf\u025blt], [\u02c8r\u00f4\u02d0\u0261-]; born 2 March 1947 in V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden), is a Swedish singer, musician, guitarist and songwriter.\n\n", "Q61115": "Friedrich Wilhelm Rediess (10 October 1900 \u2013 8 May 1945) was the SS and Police Leader during the German occupation of Norway in the Second World War. He was also the commander of all SS troops stationed in occupied Norway, assuming command on 22 June 1940 until his death in 1945.", "Q2791706": "Hu Fa-kuang (Chinese: \u80e1\u6cd5\u5149, born 14 February 1924) is a Hong Kong businessman and politician. He was the unofficial member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong and was chairman of the Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong, a conservative pro-business party in the early 1990s.", "Q541962": "Jeff Minter (born in 22 April 1962 in Reading) is an independent English video game designer and programmer who often goes by the name Yak. He is the founder of software house Llamasoft and has created dozens of games during his career, which began in 1981 with games for the Sinclair ZX80. Minter's games are often arcade style shoot 'em ups which contain titular or in-game references demonstrating his fondness of ruminants (llamas, sheep, camels, etc.). Many of his programs also feature something of a psychedelic element, as in some of the earliest \"light synthesizer\" programs including Trip-a-Tron.\nMinter's works include the music visualisation program Neon (2004) which is built into the Xbox 360 console, and the video games Gridrunner, Attack of the Mutant Camels, Tempest 2000, and Polybius.", "Q78444": "Wolfgang Templin (born in 1948) \u2013 politician of the democratic opposition in Eastern Germany, publicist, concerned with the history of the GDR, the former Eastern Bloc and the German reunification.\nFrom 1975 onward, he was a Stasi informer under the codename \"Peter\". In 1985 he co-founded the Initiative for Peace and Human Rights. He published in the underground journal \u201cGrenzfall\u201d, cooperated with opposition in Eastern Europe and integrated environmental and pacifist groups in the GDR. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, he took part in the Round Table discussions.He was a member of the Alliance 90 faction in the People\u2019s Chamber and a co-founder of the Alliance 90 party. 1994-96 he was a research worker at the Berlin Wall Museum, whereas 1996 he became a co-founder of the Federal Foundation for the Reconciliation of the SED Dictatorship.In 2009 he was awarded Dialog Magazine Prize of the Polish-German Society and the 2010 European Solidarity Centre medal. Since July 2010 Wolfgang Templin has been the Director of the Warsaw office of the Heinrich B\u00f6ll Foundation.", "Q363026": "Alexander Anthony \u2033Alex\u2033 Black (born April 20, 1989) is an American television and motion picture actor. Black was born in Redwood City, California. He has appeared in several popular movies; he portrayed Seth Powers in Nickelodeon's hit series, Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide, as well as a minor role on Charmed. He is also seen on a commercial of Wal-Mart for the PlayStation 3 and Ocean's Thirteen.\nHis older brother, Tony Black, is also an actor.", "Q239328": "Penny Johnson Jerald (born March 14, 1961) is an American actress. She played Beverly Barnes on the HBO comedy series The Larry Sanders Show, Kasidy Yates on the syndicated science fiction series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Sherry Palmer on the Fox action/drama series 24, Captain Victoria \"Iron\" Gates on the ABC comedy-drama series Castle, and currently plays Dr. Claire Finn on the Fox network's series The Orville.", "Q122968": "Alexander Emmanuel Rodolphe Agassiz (December 17, 1835 \u2013 March 27, 1910), son of Louis Agassiz and stepson of Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz, was an American scientist and engineer.", "Q31722": "Jean-Louis Anne Madelain Lefebvre de Cheverus (also known as John Cheverus) (28 January 1768 \u2013 19 July 1836) was a French Roman Catholic bishop and later cardinal. He was the first Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Boston, Massachusetts in the United States, and later became a bishop and then archbishop in his native France.", "Q199640": "Adib Domingos Jatene (June 4, 1929 \u2013 November 14, 2014) was a noted Brazilian physician of Lebanese background, university professor, scientist and thoracic surgeon, one of the founders of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo Heart Institute and internationally respected as the inventor of the Jatene operation, a technique to correct transposition of the great vessels in the newborn. Jatene was born in Xapuri, Acre, Brazil.\nHe became Secretary of Health of the city of S\u00e3o Paulo and later Minister of Health of Brazil for both the Fernando Collor de Mello and Fernando Henrique Cardoso administrations. During his time as minister, he idealized the CPMF tax aimed at financing the health system.He was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Medicine, and has published over 270 scientific academic studies.\nJatene died on November 14, 2014 of a heart attack in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, aged 85.", "Q77777": "Hannelore Elsner (born Hannelore Elstner, 26 July 1942 \u2013 21 April 2019) was a German actress with a long career in television and film. She first performed on stage in Munich, and later starred in popular films and television series such as Die Schwarzwaldklinik (The Black Forest Clinic), and as the lead character, Inspector Lea Sommer, in the series Die Kommissarin. She was recognized internationally for her lead role in the 2000 film Die Unber\u00fchrbare (No Place to Go), shown at the Cannes Film Festival.", "Q433338": "Iliana Malinova Iotova (Bulgarian: \u0418\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0419\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430) (born 24 October 1964) is a Bulgarian politician who has served as Vice President of Bulgaria since 2017. She was the running mate of Rumen Radev, who defeated GERB nominee Tsetska Tsacheva in the second round of the 2016 presidential election. She was a Member of the European Parliament from 2007 until her resignation on 16 January 2017. In the EP she sat on the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection and was a substitute for the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs. She also participated in the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament. She speaks Bulgarian, French and English.\n\n", "Q434457": "Xenia Goodwin (born 7 February 1994) is an Australian actress and dancer.\nGoodwin is known for her starring role as Tara Webster, a dance student, on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation television series Dance Academy, which was her first on-screen appearance. She had a guest role on The Jesters in 2011. Goodwin has studied dance at the Tanya Pearson Classical Coaching Academy and the Valerie Jenkins Academy of Ballet.", "Q172187": "Patrick Marie Ghislain Pierre Simon Stanislas N\u00e8ve de M\u00e9vergnies (13 October 1949 \u2013 12 March 2017) was a Belgian racing driver. He participated in 14 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 16 May 1976. He was notable for being the very first driver for Williams Grand Prix Engineering. He scored no championship points. His younger brother, Guy, was also a racing driver.", "Q189453": "Zena Moyra Marshall (1 January 1926 \u2013 10 July 2009) was a British actress of film and television, who was born in Kenya.", "Q740408": "John Ralph Ragazzini (January 3, 1912 \u2013 November 22, 1988) was an American electrical engineer and a professor of Electrical Engineering.", "Q466477": "Na Hyeseok (Korean: \ub098\ud61c\uc11d; Hanja: \u7f85\u8559\u932b, 28 April 1896 \u2013 10 December 1948) was a Korean feminist, poet, writer, painter, educator, and journalist. Her pen name was Jeongwol (Hangul: \uc815\uc6d4, \u6676\u6708). She was a pioneering Korean feminist writer and painter. She was the first female professional painter and the first feminist writer in Korea. She created some of the earliest Western-style paintings in Korea, and published feminist novels and short stories. She became well known as a feminist because of her criticism of the marital institution in the early 20th century.", "Q2489697": "Crodowaldo Pavan (Portuguese pronunciation: [k\u027eodo\u02c8va\u026bdu pa\u02c8v\u0250\u0303]; December 1, 1919 \u2013 April 3, 2009) was a Brazilian biologist and geneticist, and a scientific leader in Brazil.", "Q336769": "Pavel Alexandrovich Florensky (also P. A. Florenski\u012d, Florenskii, Florenskij; Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; January 21 [O.S. January 9] 1882 \u2013 December 1937) was a Russian Orthodox theologian, priest, philosopher, mathematician, physicist, electrical engineer, inventor, polymath and neomartyr.", "Q110064": "Hans Sternberg (3 July 1878 \u2013 13 May 1948) was a German-Jewish stage and film actor.\nSternberg was born in L\u00fcbeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany and died in 1948 at age 69 in Berlin.", "Q253697": "Nami Tamaki (\u7389\u7f6e \u6210\u5b9f, Tamaki Nami, born June 1, 1988) is a Japanese pop singer. As a teenager under the Sony Music Japan label, she had four top-ten albums, two of which reached number one. Her singles were used as theme songs for animated shows such as Mobile Suit Gundam Seed, Gundam Seed Destiny, and D. Gray-man, as well as being representative of the J-Pop music trend. She has various commercial tie-ins with the anime and games industry, and has also performed in stage musicals and a movie.", "Q75160": "Franz Breisig (1868\u20131934) was a German mathematician, chiefly known for his work on quadripoles (1921), later to be known as two-port networks.", "Q2915751": "The Jewel in the Crown is a 1984 British television serial about the final days of the British Raj in India during and after World War II, based upon the Raj Quartet novels (1965\u201375) by British author Paul Scott. Granada Television produced the series for the ITV network.", "Q252589": "Leroy Frank Van Dyke (born October 4, 1929) is an American country music singer and guitarist, best known for his hits \"The Auctioneer\" (1956) and \"Walk On By\" (1961).", "Q90852": "Hans Fiederer (21 January 1920 \u2013 15 December 1980) was a German international footballer.", "Q106606": "Brigitte Kronauer (29 December 1940 \u2013 22 July 2019) was a German writer who lived in Hamburg. Her novels, written in the tradition of Jean Paul with artful writing and an ironic undertone, were awarded several prizes, including in 2005 the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize, in 2011 the Jean-Paul-Preis and in 2017 the Thomas Mann Prize.", "Q439173": "Sonja Lumme (born 6 October 1961, in Kristinestad) is a singer in Finland who represented her country in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 in which she sang El\u00e4k\u00f6\u00f6n el\u00e4m\u00e4. She got 58 points and came 9th place overall. Lumme made further attempts to represent Finland, participating in the 1988 Finnish final and in 1989, she came fifth with \"Rakkauden Laulut\". Her final attempt was in 1992 with the song \"Rakkauden bulevardi\" which came third.", "Q170790": "A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems.\nMathematics is concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change.", "Q161845": "M\u00e4dchen in Uniform (Girls in Uniform) is a 1931 German feature-length film based on the play Gestern und heute (Then and Now, lit. Yesterday and Today) by Christa Winsloe and directed by Leontine Sagan with artistic direction from Carl Froelich, who also funded the film. Winsloe also wrote the screenplay and was on the set during filming. The film remains an international cult classic.", "Q441976": "George Brackett Seitz (January 3, 1888 \u2013 July 8, 1944) was an American playwright, screenwriter, film actor and director. He was known for his screenplays for action serials, such as The Perils of Pauline (1914) and The Exploits of Elaine (1914).\nSeitz was born in Boston, Massachusetts, started his career as a playwright, and also wrote some fiction for \"up-market\" pulp magazines such as Adventure and People's Magazine.Seitz did much of his early work in Fort Lee, New Jersey when many other early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based there. He was the director of more than one hundred films, the writer of more than thirty screenplays, and an actor in seven films. He worked at Columbia Pictures and at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer where he directed eleven films in the Andy Hardy series of the 1930s & 1940s. He died in Hollywood, California in 1944. Although an acquaintance of the cinematographer John F. Seitz, they were not related. He was the father of George B. Seitz Jr., who was a writer/director active in the 1940s and 1950s in films and television.", "Q65415": "Erlinsbach is a municipality in the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q1373742": "Bo Johan Renck (born 5 December 1966 in Uppsala, Sweden) is a Swedish director of music videos, TV and film. He was an occasional singer-songwriter from 1991 to 2001, using the moniker Stakka Bo, and had an international hit with his single \"Here We Go\" in 1993. Renck later became a television and music video director, and won an Emmy Award in 2019 for his work on the mini-series Chernobyl.", "Q264985": "Crystal Lowe (born January 20, 1981) is a Canadian actress and model best known for her Scream Queen roles in horror films such as role as Children of the Corn: Revelation (2001), Final Destination 3 (2006), Black Christmas (2006) and Wrong Turn 2: Dead End (2007) and as Rita Haywith in the Hallmark Channel's Signed, Sealed, Delivered television series and television films (2013\u2013present).", "Q1885160": "Maidie Ruth Norman (October 16, 1912 \u2013 May 2, 1998) was an American radio, stage, film and television actress and African-American literature and theater instructor.", "Q1576461": "Hanns In der Gand was the pen name of Ladislaus Krupski (born 25 February 1882 in La Vernaz, France (formerly Savoy); died 24 May 1947 in Zumikon, canton of Zurich) was a Swiss folklorist and collector of traditional and military songs.\nBorn to a Polish father and a German mother, he held citizenship of Schleinikon in the canton of Zurich. He was educated in Lucerne, he studied in Neuchatel and was educated as a singer in Frankfurt am Main and Munich. He worked as an actor at the court of Altenburg, but returned to Switzerland in the First World War.\nHe was active collecting traditional folk songs and instrumental music in all parts of Switzerland in the interbellum period. His pseudonym suggests a native of Uri, the surname being taken from the name of a character in a novel by Ernst Zahn, Albin Indergand. He used this name in order to more easily gain the confidence of his rural informants from whom he collected the songs. He used to perform the songs he collected, accompanying himself on the lute. During both world wars he was employed as a singer in the Swiss Army.", "Q1507298": "Lo-fi is a music or production quality in which elements usually regarded as imperfections of a recording or performance are audible, sometimes as a deliberate aesthetic choice. The standards of sound quality (fidelity) and music production have evolved throughout the decades, meaning that some older examples of lo-fi may not have been originally recognized as such. Lo-fi began to be recognized as a style of popular music in the 1990s, when it became alternately referred to as DIY music.\n\nHarmonic distortion and \"analog warmth\" are sometimes misleadingly suggested as core features of lo-fi music. Its aesthetic is actually defined by the inclusion of elements normally viewed as undesirable in professional contexts, such as misplayed notes, environmental interference, or phonographic imperfections (degraded audio signals, tape hiss, and so on). Pioneering, influential, or otherwise significant artists include the Beach Boys (Smiley Smile), R. Stevie Moore (often called \"the godfather of home recording\"), Paul McCartney (McCartney), Todd Rundgren, Jandek, Daniel Johnston, Julia Brown, Guided by Voices, Sebadoh, Beck, Pavement, and Ariel Pink.\nAlthough \"lo-fi\" has been in the cultural lexicon for approximately as long as \"high fidelity\", WFMU DJ William Berger is usually credited with popularizing the term in 1986. At various points since the 1980s, \"lo-fi\" has been connoted with cassette culture, the DIY ethos of punk, indie rock, primitivism, outsider music, authenticity, slacker/Generation X stereotypes, and cultural nostalgia. The notion of \"bedroom\" musicians expanded following the rise of modern digital audio workstations, and in the late 2000s, lo-fi aesthetics served as the basis of the chillwave and hypnagogic pop music genres.\n\n", "Q4822267": "Aurelio Par\u00eds Sanz de Santamar\u00eda (1829\u20131899) was a Colombian businessman and entrepreneur born in Bogota.", "Q106160": "Wilhelm Kunst (2 February 1799 in Hamburg - 16 or 17 November 1859 in Vienna) was a celebrated German actor who provoked quite varied opinions. He was born to play heroic rolls, but some thought, due to lack of study, or perhaps too much of the comedian's touch, Kunst did not do well in roles that required subtlety and excellence in acting. He did better in lower-rated versions of a particular plot, for example being suited to lesser translations of Shakespeare rather than first-rate ones; but in the plays he excelled at, for example Otto von Wittelsbach, he was quite stunning. He first played major roles in L\u00fcbeck and worked his way up to the Viennese stage. During his heyday, he did quite well economically, but ended his career in poverty. In 1825, he married the actress Sophie Schr\u00f6der.", "Q956883": "Carnatic music, Karn\u0101\u1e6daka sa\u1e43g\u012bta, or Karn\u0101\u1e6daka sa\u1e45g\u012btam, is a system of music commonly associated with southern India, including the modern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, as well as Sri Lanka. It is one of two main subgenres of Indian classical music that evolved from ancient Hindu traditions, the other subgenre being Hindustani music, which emerged as a distinct form because of Persian or Islamic influences from Northern India. The main emphasis in Carnatic music is on vocal music; most compositions are written to be sung, and even when played on instruments, they are meant to be performed in g\u0101yaki (singing) style.\nAlthough there are stylistic differences, the basic elements of \u015bruti (the relative musical pitch), swara (the musical sound of a single note), r\u0101ga (the mode or melodic formul\u00e6), and tala (the rhythmic cycles) form the foundation of improvisation and composition in both Carnatic and Hindustani music. Although improvisation plays an important role, Carnatic music is mainly sung through compositions, especially the kriti (or kirtanam) \u2013 a form developed between the 14th and 20th centuries by composers such as Purandara Dasa and the Trinity of Carnatic music. Carnatic music is also usually taught and learned through compositions.\nCarnatic music is usually performed by a small ensemble of musicians, consisting of a principal performer (usually a vocalist), a melodic accompaniment (usually a violin), a rhythm accompaniment (usually a mridangam), and a tambura, which acts as a drone throughout the performance. Other typical instruments used in performances may include the ghatam, kanjira, morsing, venu flute, veena, and chitraveena. The greatest concentration of Carnatic musicians is to be found in the city of Chennai. Various Carnatic music festivals are held throughout India and abroad, including the Madras Music Season, which has been considered to be one of the world's largest cultural events.", "Q223416": "Paris Orly Airport (French: A\u00e9roport de Paris-Orly), commonly referred to as Orly (IATA: ORY, ICAO: LFPO), is an international airport located partially in Orly and partially in Villeneuve-le-Roi, 13 km (8.1 mi) south of Paris, France.\nIt serves as a secondary hub for domestic and overseas territories flights of Air France and as the homebase for Transavia France. Flights operate to destinations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Caribbean, North America, East Asia and Southeast Asia.\nPrior to the opening of Charles de Gaulle Airport in March 1974, Orly was the main airport of Paris. Even with the shift of most international traffic to Charles de Gaulle Airport, Orly remains the busiest French airport for domestic traffic and the second busiest French airport overall in passenger traffic, with 33,120,685 passengers in 2018. The airport is operated by Groupe ADP under the brand Paris A\u00e9roport. Since February 2018, the CEO of the airport has been R\u00e9gis Lacote.", "Q140135": "Kim Young-ha is a modern South Korean writer.", "Q265443": "Ellen Muth (born March 6, 1981) is an American actress, known for her role as Georgia \"George\" Lass in Showtime's series Dead Like Me.", "Q74518": "Christophe-Philippe Oberkampf (11 June 1738 \u2013 6 October 1815) was a French naturalized German industrialist. He became famous for founding the royal manufacture of printed cottons of Jouy-en-Josas where the toile de Jouy was manufactured.\n\nOberkampf was born in Wiesenbach, Germany, into a family of dyers. He traveled to educate himself and initially worked in Mulhouse as an engraver, then from October 1758 in Paris as a colourist.", "Q331760": "Monster in the Closet is a 1986 horror comedy with a veteran cast, including Howard Duff and John Carradine, as well as Stacy Ferguson (later a vocalist with the group The Black Eyed Peas) and Paul Walker in early roles. The film was distributed by Troma Entertainment. In the GotchaMovies article \"Final Destinations and Killer Condoms\", Monster in the Closet was selected as the 8th greatest moment in teen slasher history. The film was directed and written by Bob Dahlin.", "Q1432551": "Zo\u00eb Tamerlis Lund (February 9, 1962 \u2013 April 16, 1999), also known as Zo\u00eb Tamerlis and Zo\u00eb Tamerlaine, was an American musician, model, actress, author, producer, political activist and screenwriter. She was best known for her association in two films with film director Abel Ferrara: Ms .45 (1981), in which she starred, and Bad Lieutenant (1992), for which she co-wrote the screenplay.", "Q86956": "Therese von Artner (1772 \u2013 1829) was a German-language author who published lyric poems under the pseudonym Theone.", "Q222708": "Edward Everett Tanner III (18 May 1921 \u2013 6 November 1976), known by the pseudonym Patrick Dennis, was an American author. His novel Auntie Mame: An irreverent escapade (1955) was one of the bestselling American books of the 20th century. In chronological vignettes, the narrator \u2014 also named Patrick \u2014 recalls his adventures growing up under the wing of his madcap aunt, Mame Dennis. Dennis wrote a sequel, titled Around the World with Auntie Mame, in 1958. Dennis based the character of Mame Dennis on his father's sister, Marion Tanner. Dennis also wrote several novels under the pseudonym Virginia Rowans.\n\"I write in the first person, but it is all fictional. The public assumes that what seems fictional is fact; so the way for me to be inventive is to seem factual but be fictional.\" All of Dennis's novels employ to some degree the traditional comic devices of masks, subterfuge and deception.", "Q100511": "Willibald Sauerl\u00e4nder (February 29, 1924 in Bad Waldsee, W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany \u2013 April 18, 2018 in Munich, Germany) was a German art historian specializing in Medieval French sculpture. From 1970 to 1989, he was director of the prestigious Zentralinstitut f\u00fcr Kunstgeschichte, Munich.", "Q192073": "Little Miss Sunshine is a 2006 American independent comedy-drama road film and the directorial debut of the husband-wife team of Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris. The screenplay was written by first-time writer Michael Arndt. The film stars Greg Kinnear, Steve Carell, Toni Collette, Paul Dano, Abigail Breslin, and Alan Arkin, and was produced by Big Beach Films on a budget of US$8 million. Filming began on June 6, 2005, and took place over 30 days in Arizona and Southern California.\nThe film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2006, and its distribution rights were bought by Fox Searchlight Pictures for one of the biggest deals made in the history of the festival. The film had a limited release in the United States on July 26, 2006, and later expanded to a wider release starting on August 18.Little Miss Sunshine was an overwhelming box office success, attaining $100.5 million, and received critical acclaim, mainly for the performances of the cast and humor. The film was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Picture, and won two: Best Original Screenplay for Michael Arndt and Best Supporting Actor for Alan Arkin. It also won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Feature and received numerous other accolades.", "Q35222": "Old French (franceis, fran\u00e7ois, romanz; Modern French: ancien fran\u00e7ais) was the language spoken in Northern France from the 8th century to the 14th century. In the 14th century, these dialects came to be collectively known as the langue d'o\u00efl, contrasting with the langue d'oc or Occitan language in the south of France. The mid-14th century is taken as the transitional period to Middle French, the language of the French Renaissance, specifically based on the dialect of the \u00cele-de-France region.\nThe place and area where Old French was spoken natively roughly extended to the northern half of the Kingdom of France and its vassals (including parts of the Angevin Empire, which during the 12th century remained under Anglo-Norman rule), and the duchies of Upper and Lower Lorraine to the east (corresponding to modern north-eastern France and Belgian Wallonia), but the influence of Old French was much wider, as it was carried to England and the Crusader states as the language of a feudal elite and commerce.\n\n", "Q152531": "Zero Dark Thirty is a 2012 American thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by Mark Boal. The film dramatizes the nearly decade-long international manhunt for Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden after the September 11 attacks. This search leads to the discovery of his compound in Pakistan and the military raid that resulted in bin Laden's death on May 2, 2011.\nJessica Chastain stars as Maya, a fictional CIA intelligence analyst, with Jason Clarke, Joel Edgerton, Mark Strong, James Gandolfini, Kyle Chandler, Stephen Dillane, Chris Pratt, \u00c9dgar Ram\u00edrez, Fares Fares, Jennifer Ehle, John Barrowman, Mark Duplass, and Frank Grillo in supporting roles. It was produced by Boal, Bigelow, and Megan Ellison, and independently financed by Ellison's Annapurna Pictures. The film premiered in Los Angeles on December 19, 2012 and had its wide release on January 11, 2013.Zero Dark Thirty received acclaim and appeared on 95 critics' top ten lists of 2012. It was nominated in five categories at the 85th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actress for Chastain, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Film Editing, and won the award for Best Sound Editing, shared with Skyfall. It also earned Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama, Best Director, and Best Screenplay, with Chastain winning the award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture \u2013 Drama.\nThe depiction of so-called \"enhanced interrogation\" generated controversy, with some critics describing it as pro-torture propaganda, as the interrogations are shown producing reliably useful and accurate information. Acting CIA director Michael Morell felt the film created the false impression that torture was key to finding bin Laden. Others described it as an anti-torture exposure of interrogation practices.Republican Congressman Peter T. King charged that the filmmakers were given improper access to classified materials, which they denied. An unreleased draft IG report published by the Project on Government Oversight, in June 2013, stated that former CIA Director Leon Panetta discussed classified information during an awards ceremony for the SEAL team that carried out the raid on the bin Laden compound. Unbeknownst to Panetta, screenwriter Boal was among the 1,300 present during the ceremony.\n\n", "Q84199": "Michael Haneke (German: [\u02c8ha\u02d0n\u0259k\u0259]; born 23 March 1942) is an Austrian film director and screenwriter. His work often examines social issues and depicts the feelings of estrangement experienced by individuals in modern society. Haneke has made films in French, German, and English and has worked in television\u201a theatre, and cinema. He also teaches film direction at the Film Academy Vienna.\nHis directorial debut, The Seventh Continent, won the Bronze Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival in 1989. He later won the Grand Prix at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival for The Piano Teacher and the Best Director Award for Cach\u00e9 at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival. He subsequently directed the 2007 remake of his controversial 1997 film Funny Games.\nAt the 2009 Cannes Film Festival, his film The White Ribbon won the Palme d'Or, and at the 67th Golden Globe Awards the film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film. In 2012, his film Amour premiered and competed at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival. The film would go on to win the Palme d'Or, making it his second win of the prestigious award in three years; this made him the seventh director (at the time) to have won it twice and the only Austrian director to have accomplished this. The film received five Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Actress in a Leading Role for Emmanuelle Riva; it won in the category of Best Foreign Language Film. \nIn 2013, Haneke won the Prince of Asturias Award for the arts. His twelfth and most recent film, Happy End, was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q462177": "White Plains is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. An inner suburb of New York City, it is the county seat and commercial hub of Westchester, a densely populated suburban county that is home to approximately one million people. White Plains is located in south-central Westchester, with its downtown (Mamaroneck Avenue) 25 miles (40 km) north of Midtown Manhattan.\nAs of 2018, the city's total population was estimated to be 58,811, up from 56,853 at the 2010 census. According to the city government, the daytime weekday population is estimated at 250,000. The city was ranked third in the top 10 places to live in New York for 2014, according to national online real estate brokerage Movoto.", "Q104777": "Hans Joachim Oskar Fichtner (September 8, 1917 \u2013 October 21, 2012) was a rocket scientist who worked on V-2 rockets for Wernher von Braun at Peenem\u00fcnde from 1939 to 1945. He was among the scientists to surrender and travel to the United States to provide rocketry expertise via Operation Paperclip which took them first to Fort Bliss, Texas (1945\u20131949). He continued his work with the team when they moved to Redstone Arsenal, and he joined Marshall Space Flight Center to work for NASA.In a personal letter to a space aficionado, Fichtner wrote, \"I worked at Peenem\u00fcnde to design the control system of the A4. Later I laid out the electrical system for the V-2 ground and airborne. Arrived at the States with the 55 specialists Nov 17, 45, designed the electrical system for all White Sands V-2 launches in the first 1\u200b1\u20442 years. Did all the electrical systems design for Redstone, Mercury-Redstone, Jupiter, Pershing missile. Was totally responsible for the entire ground and airborne electrical systems for the Apollo 100, 200 series, all Saturn V firings and Skylab after Apollo project. Was Chief engineer for the satellite series high energy astronomy observatory (HEAO). Worked as a consultant for the layout of the Spacelab. Electrical system with ESA in the Netherlands 1975/76. Introduced the automated, computerized checkout and firing sequence during the Saturn/Apollo program\".", "Q92923": "Charles F. Goldfarb is known as the father of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and grandfather of HTML and the World Wide Web. He co-invented the concept of markup languages.\nIn 1969 Charles Goldfarb, leading a small team at IBM, developed the first markup language, called Generalized Markup Language, or GML. Goldfarb coined the term GML, an initialism for the three researchers, Charles Goldfarb, Ed Mosher and Ray Lorie who worked on the project.In 1974, he designed SGML and subsequently wrote the first SGML parser, ARCSGML. Goldfarb went on working to turn SGML into the ISO 8879 standard, and served as its editor in the standardization committee.\nGoldfarb holds a J.D. from Harvard Law School. He worked at IBM's Almaden Research Center for many years and is now an independent consultant based in Belmont, California.", "Q836805": "Chalmers University of Technology (Swedish: Chalmers tekniska h\u00f6gskola, often shortened to Chalmers) is a Swedish university located in Gothenburg that focuses on research and education in technology, natural science, architecture, mathematics, maritime and other management areas.", "Q77011": "Otto von Feldmann (6 August 1873, Berlin \u2013 20 May 1945) was a German officer and politician.\nFeldmann attended the Royal Grammar School in Bydgoszcz, the Kaiser-Wilhelm-and Ratsgymnasium Hanover, the Kadettenvoranstalt in Potsdam and the main cadet institution in gross-Lichterfelde near Berlin. He joined to the Military in 1907. 1910-1912, he served as company chief in the Grenadier regiment 5, then again in the General Staff. Beginning with 1913, Feldmann changed the framework of the German military mission in the Ottoman Empire. He was initially departmental chief in the General Staff, then Chief of Staff of 1st Army and finally as Feldmann Pasha chief of surgery department at the Ottoman General Headquarters.", "Q61673": "Lud\u011bk Pachman (German: Ludek Pachmann, May 11, 1924 in B\u011bl\u00e1 pod Bezd\u011bzem, today Czech Republic \u2013 March 6, 2003 in Passau, Germany) was a Czechoslovak-German chess grandmaster, chess writer, and political activist. In 1972, after being imprisoned and tortured almost to death by the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia, he was allowed to emigrate to West Germany. He lived the remainder of his life there, and resumed his chess career with considerable success, including playing in the Interzonal in 1976 and winning the West German Championship in 1978.", "Q2140674": "A gunshot wound (GSW) is physical trauma caused by a bullet from a firearm. Damage may include bleeding, broken bones, organ damage, infection of the wound, or loss of the ability to move part of the body. Damage depends on the part of the body hit, the path the bullet follows through the body, and the type and speed of the bullet. Long-term complications can include lead poisoning and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Factors that determine rates of firearm violence vary by country. These factors may include the illegal drug trade, access to firearms, substance misuse including alcohol, mental health problems, firearm laws, and social and economic differences. Where guns are more common, altercations more often end in death.Before management begins it should be verified the area is safe. This is followed by stopping major bleeding, then assessing and supporting the airway, breathing, and circulation. Firearm laws, particularly background checks and permit to purchase, decrease the risk of death from firearms. Safer firearm storage may decrease the risk of firearm-related deaths in children.In 2015 about a million gunshot wounds occurred from interpersonal violence. In 2016, firearms resulted in 251,000 deaths globally, up from 209,000 in 1990. Of these deaths 161,000 (64%) were the result of assault, 67,500 (27%) were the result of suicide, and 23,000 (9%) were accidents. In the United States, guns result in about 40,000 deaths in 2017. Firearm-related deaths are most common in males between the ages of 20 to 24 years. Economic costs due to gunshot wounds have been estimated at $US 140 billion a year in the United States.", "Q2745557": "Arthur Joseph Rooney Sr. (January 27, 1901 \u2013 August 25, 1988), often referred to as \"The Chief\", was the founding owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers, an American football franchise in the National Football League (NFL), from 1933 until his death. Rooney is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, was an Olympic qualifying boxer, and was part or whole owner in several track sport venues and Pittsburgh area pro teams. He was the first president of the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1933 to 1974, and the first chairman of the team from 1933 to 1988.", "Q28515": "Springfield is the capital of the U.S. state of Illinois and the county seat and largest city of Sangamon County. The city's population was 116,250 at the 2010 U.S. Census, which makes it the state's sixth most-populous city, the second largest outside of the Chicago metropolitan area (after Rockford), and the largest in central Illinois. As of 2018, the city's population was estimated to have decreased to 114,694, with just over 211,700 residents living in the Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Sangamon County and the adjacent Menard County.Present-day Springfield was settled by European Americans in the late 1810s, around the time Illinois became a state. The most famous historic resident was Abraham Lincoln, who lived in Springfield from 1837 until 1861, when he went to the White House as President. Major tourist attractions include multiple sites connected with Lincoln including his presidential library and museum, his home, and his tomb at Oak Ridge Cemetery.\nThe city lies in a valley and plain near the Sangamon River. Lake Springfield, a large artificial lake owned by the City Water, Light & Power company (CWLP), supplies the city with recreation and drinking water. Weather is fairly typical for middle latitude locations, with four distinct seasons, including, hot summers and cold winters. Spring and summer weather is like that of most midwestern cities; severe thunderstorms may occur. Tornadoes hit the Springfield area in 1957 and 2006.\nThe city has a mayor\u2013council form of government and governs the Capital Township. The government of the state of Illinois is based in Springfield. State government institutions include the Illinois General Assembly, the Illinois Supreme Court and the Office of the Governor of Illinois. There are three public and three private high schools in Springfield. Public schools in Springfield are operated by District No. 186. Springfield's economy is dominated by government jobs, plus the related lobbyists and firms that deal with the state and county governments and justice system, and health care and medicine.", "Q25706994": "Dynamic Recordings is a Canadian electronic music record label based in Montreal founded in 2004 by two brothers, Olivier Sellier and Damien Sellier aka Dynamic Rockers. Mostly focused on a house music sound influenced by soul, funk and disco, the label achieved significant popularity in the mid-2000s as part of the French touch house movement. Dynamic Recordings also have a sublabel entitled Stamina Recordings.", "Q102306": "Jutta Richter (born 30 September 1955 in Burgsteinfurt, Westfalen, Germany) is a German author of children's and youth literature.\nRichter spent her youth in the Ruhr and Sauerland and at the age of 15 she spent a year in Detroit (USA). There she wrote her first book, so as not to forget her native language, and published the book whilst still a schoolgirl.\nAfter studying Theology, German and Communication in M\u00fcnster she has worked since 1978 as a freelance writer at Schloss Westerwinkel in Ascheberg and in Lucca (Tuscany).\nJutta Richter married the German author Ralf Thenior.", "Q4872": "The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (Russian: \u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0410. \u0421. \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430, abbreviated as Russian: \u0413\u041c\u0418\u0418) is the largest museum of European art in Moscow, located in Volkhonka street, just opposite the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. The International musical festival Sviatoslav Richter's December nights has been held in the Pushkin Museum since 1981.", "Q231006": "Jamia Suzette \"Jayma\" Mays (born July 16, 1979) is an American actress. She is known for playing Emma Pillsbury on the Fox musical series Glee, her recurring role as Charlie Andrews on the NBC sci-fi serial Heroes, and for starring in the films Paul Blart: Mall Cop and The Smurfs. From October 2013 until November 2014, she played the role of Debbie on the sitcom The Millers. Most recently she starred as prosecutor Carol Anne Keane in the NBC sitcom Trial & Error, which ran for two seasons before being canceled in 2018.", "Q68125": "Charlotte Link (born 5 October 1963 in Frankfurt am Main) is a German writer. She is among the most successful contemporary authors writing in German.\n\n", "Q67216": "Sebastian Fitzek (born 13 October 1971 in Berlin) is a German writer and journalist. His first book Therapy (Die Therapie) was a bestseller in Germany in 2006, toppling The Da Vinci Code from the #1 position.Fitzek sold over 12 million books worldwide and alone 5 million books in Germany and is one of the most successful writers of Germany.", "Q60579": "Moritz Hermann (Boris Semyonovich) von Jacobi (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0438) (21 September 1801 \u2013 10 March 1874) was a German and Russian engineer and physicist. Jacobi worked mainly in Russia. He furthered progress in galvanoplastics, electric motors, and wire telegraphy.", "Q77005": "Selma Erge\u00e7 (Turkish pronunciation: [sel\u02c8ma \u02c8\u00e6\u027e\u025fet\u0283]; 1 November 1978) is a Turkish-German actress, beauty pageant titleholder, model, designer, philologist, psychologist and doctor.", "Q174284": "Raiders of the Lost Ark (later marketed as Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark) is a 1981 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Lawrence Kasdan from a story by George Lucas and Philip Kaufman. It was produced by Frank Marshall for Lucasfilm Ltd., with Lucas and Howard Kazanjian as executive producers. The film originated from Lucas's desire to create a modern version of the serial films of the 1930s and 1940s.\nThe first installment in the Indiana Jones franchise, the film stars Harrison Ford as archaeologist Indiana Jones, who battles a group of Nazis searching for the Ark of the Covenant. It co-stars Karen Allen as Indiana's former lover, Marion Ravenwood; Paul Freeman as Indiana's rival, French archaeologist Ren\u00e9 Belloq; John Rhys-Davies as Indiana's sidekick, Sallah; Ronald Lacey as Gestapo agent Arnold Toht; and Denholm Elliott as Indiana's colleague, Marcus Brody.\nProduction was based at Elstree Studios, England, but filming also took place in La Rochelle, France, Tunisia, Hawaii, and California from June to September 1980.\nRaiders of the Lost Ark earned $389.9 million worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1981, and remains one of the highest-grossing films adjusted for inflation. It was nominated for eight Academy Awards in 1982, including Best Picture, and won for Best Art Direction, Film Editing, Sound, and Visual Effects with a fifth Academy Award: a Special Achievement Award for Sound Effects Editing. It is often considered one of the greatest films ever made. In 1999, it was included in the U.S. Library of Congress' National Film Registry as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". The film began a franchise starting with Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, and including a prequel television series (The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles) and numerous video games.", "Q1702358": "\"Country\" Johnny Mathis (September 28, 1930 \u2013 September 27, 2011) was an American country music singer and songwriter. He is credited with penning more than 500 tunes over the course of his long career.", "Q229891": "Mar\u00eda Isabel L\u00f3pez Rodr\u00edguez (born 4 January 1995), known professionally as Mar\u00eda Isabel, is a Spanish singer, songwriter and actress. She is best known for winning the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004 with the song \"Antes muerta que sencilla\".", "Q333163": "Kim Tae-hoon (born May 26, 1975) is a South Korean actor. Kim graduated from Hanyang University, then began his acting career with the Hanyang Repertory Theatre in 1997. Onscreen, he has played leading roles in indie films such as Way to Go, Rose (2006), The Pit and the Pendulum (2009) and When Winter Screams (2013). Kim also stars in mainstream films and television dramas such as The Man from Nowhere (2010), You're So Pretty (2011), The Innocent Man (2012), An Ethics Lesson (2013), and Pure Love (2013).His older brother Kim Tae-woo is also an actor.", "Q691047": "Saarl\u00e4ndischer Rundfunk (Saarland Broadcasting \u2013 SR) is a public radio and television broadcaster serving the German state of Saarland. With headquarters in the Halberg Broadcasting House in Saarbr\u00fccken, SR is a member of the ARD consortium of German public-broadcasting organizations.", "Q40871": "Livigno (Italian: [li\u02c8vi\u0272\u0272o]; local Lombard: Liv\u00edgn [li\u02c8\u028bi\u0272]; German: Luwin) is a town, comune and a special-administered territory in the province of Sondrio, in the region of Lombardy, Italy, located in the Italian Alps, near the Swiss border.", "Q102312": "Lutz Rathenow (born 22 September 1952 in Jena) is a dissident German writer and poet who was haunted by the Secret Police until the German reunification. From then on, his fortunes changed, and he received several literary honors and awards.", "Q888641": "Paul Jones Fannin (January 29, 1907 \u2013 January 13, 2002) was an American businessman and politician. A Republican, he served as a U.S. Senator from Arizona from 1965 to 1977. He previously served as the 11th Governor of Arizona from 1959 to 1965.\n\n", "Q288939": "Dante 01 is a 2008 science fiction film by French director Marc Caro.", "Q233611": "The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental organization representing hydrography. In October 2019 the IHO comprised 93 Member States.\nA principal aim of the IHO is to ensure that the world's seas, oceans and navigable waters are properly surveyed and charted. It does this through the setting of international standards, the co-ordination of the endeavours of the world's national hydrographic offices, and through its capacity building programme.\nThe IHO enjoys observer status at the United Nations, where it is the recognised competent authority on hydrographic surveying and nautical charting. When referring to hydrography and nautical charting in Conventions and similar Instruments, it is the IHO standards and specifications that are normally used.", "Q264991": "The Year of Getting to Know Us is a comedy drama film directed by Patrick Sisam and starring Tom Arnold, Jimmy Fallon, Lucy Liu and Sharon Stone. It premiered at 24 January 2008 at the Sundance Film Festival.", "Q184605": "2012 is a 2009 American disaster film directed by Roland Emmerich. It was produced by Harald Kloser, Mark Gordon, and Larry J. Franco, and written by Kloser and Emmerich. The film stars John Cusack, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Amanda Peet, Oliver Platt, Thandie Newton, Danny Glover, and Woody Harrelson. The plot follows geologist Adrian Helmsley (Ejiofor), who discovers the Earth's crust is becoming unstable after a massive solar flare caused by an alignment of the planets, and novelist Jackson Curtis (Cusak) as he attempts to bring his family to safety as the world is destroyed by a series of extreme natural disasters caused by this. The film refers to Mayanism and the 2012 phenomenon in its portrayal of cataclysmic events. \nFilming, originally planned for Los Angeles, began in Vancouver in August 2008. After a lengthy advertising campaign which included the creation of a website from its main characters' point of view and a viral marketing website on which filmgoers could register for a lottery number to save them from the ensuing disaster, 2012 was released on November 13, 2009, to commercial success, grossing over $769 million worldwide against a production budget of $200 million, becoming the fifth highest-grossing film of 2009. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for its visuals but criticism for its screenplay.\n\n", "Q1374039": "Michael Chow (simplified Chinese: \u5468\u82f1\u534e; traditional Chinese: \u5468\u82f1\u83ef; pinyin: Zh\u014du Y\u012bnghu\u00e1; born 7 March 1939) is a Chinese-born British-American restaurateur, interior designer, and former actor. He is the co-founder and owner of the Mr. Chow restaurant chain.", "Q75612": "Isaac Bashevis Singer (Yiddish: \u05d9\u05e6\u05d7\u05e7 \u05d1\u05d0\u05b7\u05e9\u05e2\u05f0\u05d9\u05e1 \u05d6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d2\u05e2\u05e8\u200e; November 21, 1902 \u2013 July 24, 1991) was a Polish-American writer in Yiddish, awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978. The Polish form of his birth name was Icek Hersz Zynger. He used his mother's first name in an initial literary pseudonym, Izaak Baszewis, which he later expanded. He was a leading figure in the Yiddish literary movement, writing and publishing only in Yiddish. He was also awarded two U.S. National Book Awards, one in Children's Literature for his memoir A Day Of Pleasure: Stories of a Boy Growing Up in Warsaw (1970) and one in Fiction for his collection A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories (1974).", "Q679289": "Daniel Jones (born 22 July 1973) is an English-born Australian musician, songwriter, and record producer. He is best known for being a member of the successful Australian pop duo Savage Garden, whose international hit singles included the songs \"I Want You\", \"To the Moon and Back\", \"Truly Madly Deeply\", \"I Knew I Loved You\", and \"Crash and Burn\". After Savage Garden split in 2001, Jones launched his own production company (Meridien Musik) and a recording studio (Level 7 Studios), to work with various new, young Australian artists.", "Q245787": "Vasile Vasilache (July 4, 1926 in Un\u0163e\u015fti \u2013 July 7, 2008 in Chi\u015fin\u0103u) was a writer from Moldova.\nVasile Vasilache was born to Ion and Elizabeta Vasilache on July 4, 1926, in Un\u0163e\u015fti. In 1965 he became a member of the Moldovan Writers' Union. Vasile Vasilache died on July 7, 2008 and has been buried in the Central Cemetery on Armeneasca street in Chi\u015fin\u0103u.\n\nVasile Vasilache has been a refined intellectual, a soul fascinated by everything meaning authentic culture, a distinct friend, discreet and elegant, who has always radiated spiritual warmth. the writer Serafim Saca said in tears at Vasilache's funeral. The Moldovan Writers' Union president Mihai Cimpoi has said that Vasile Vasilache has left a wide gap in Moldova's culture.\n\n", "Q328225": "John James Hughes (1814 \u2013 17 June 1889) was a Welsh engineer, businessman and founder of the city of Donetsk. The village was originally named Yuzovka or Hughesovka (Ukrainian: \u042e\u0437\u0456\u0432\u043a\u0430, Russian: \u042e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430) after Hughes, (\"Yu z\" being a Russian and Ukrainian approximation of Hughes), becoming town in May 1917, which later, in 1924 it was renamed to Stalino (Ukrainian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043e, Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e), in 1961 the name was changed to Donetsk.", "Q515499": "Esther Mar\u00eda Koplowitz y Romero de Juseu, 7th Countess of Casa Pe\u00f1alver, is a Spanish billionaire businesswoman and philanthropist.\n\n", "Q897761": "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea is a 1997 two-part television miniseries produced by Village Roadshow Pictures, based on the novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne. It was written by Brian Nelson and directed by Rod Hardy.", "Q327116": "Sidney Sussex College (referred to informally as \"Sidney\") is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England. The college was founded in 1596 under the terms of the will of Frances Sidney, Countess of Sussex (1531\u20131589) wife of Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex and named after its founder. It was from its inception an avowedly Protestant foundation; \"some good and godlie moniment for the mainteynance of good learninge\". In her will, Lady Sussex left the sum of \u00a35,000 together with some plate to found a new college at Cambridge University \"to be called the Lady Frances Sidney Sussex College\". Her executors Sir John Harington and Henry Grey, 6th Earl of Kent, supervised by Archbishop John Whitgift, founded the college seven years after her death.", "Q106174": "Volker Blumentritt (born 16 June 1946 in Jena) is a German politician and member of the SPD.\nFrom 2005 until 2009, Blumentritt was a member of the Bundestag representing Gera \u2013 Saale-Holzland-Kreis. At the 2009 election his constituency was expanded following boundary changes to become Gera \u2013 Jena \u2013 Saale-Holzland-Kreis, which he unsuccessfully contested. \nVolker Blumentritt is married, lives separated and has two children.\n\n", "Q611121": "Morton Deutsch (February 4, 1920 \u2013 March 13, 2017) was an American social psychologist and researcher in conflict resolution. Deutsch was one of the founding fathers of the field of conflict resolution. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Deutsch as the 63rd most cited psychologist of the 20th century.\n\n", "Q108159": "Julius Scharlach (February 12, 1842 in Bodenwerder \u2013 March 18, 1908 in Hamburg) was a Hamburg lawyer, businessman and a prominent figure in the colonial history of Germany in the late 19th and early 20th century. He was a member of the Colonial Council, and founded the Verein f\u00fcr das Deutschtum im Ausland (VDA).\nScharlach got a degree in law from the University of G\u00f6ttingen, where he became a member of Corps Hannovera G\u00f6ttingen. As a lawyer, he defended the dismissed Governor of German East Africa, Carl Peters. As the lawyer of the Dynamit Nobel company, he became acquainted with leading financial circles in the United Kingdom, and with British colonialists, and between 1905 and 1908 he cooperated extensively with Cecil Rhodes, aiming at preventing conflict between Germany and the United Kingdom. Scharlach had substantial business interests in the German colonies, notably in German South-West Africa and Cameroon. He founded the Gesellschaft S\u00fcd-Kamerun, the South West Africa Company and the Otavi Minen- und Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft.\nIn 1902 Scharlach demanded for German Empire to create forced labour in its colonies stating: But culture is impossible without work and for that reason, the native is obliged to work from the very first day of occupation by whites. I am not afraid to state that introducing compulsory labour for natives is a moral obligation toward the latterA river in Brazil was named in his honour by German settlers.\nHis son Otto Scharlach was also a corporate lawyer and took over the Scharlach law firm.", "Q45909": "John Davies Cale, OBE (born 9 March 1942) is a Welsh musician, composer, singer, songwriter and record producer who was a founding member of the American rock band the Velvet Underground. Over his five-decade career, Cale has worked in various styles across rock, drone, classical, avant-garde and electronic music.He studied music at Goldsmiths College, University of London, before relocating in 1963 to New York City's downtown music scene, where he performed as part of the Theatre of Eternal Music and formed the Velvet Underground. Since leaving the band in 1968, Cale has released 16 solo studio albums, including the widely acclaimed Music for a New Society. Cale has also acquired a reputation as an adventurous producer, working on the debut albums of several innovative artists, including the Stooges and Patti Smith.", "Q263026": "Richard Thomas Marotta (born January 7, 1948) is an American drummer and percussionist. He has appeared on recordings by leading artists such as Aretha Franklin, Carly Simon, Steely Dan, James Taylor, Paul Simon, John Lennon, Hall & Oates, Stevie Nicks, Wynonna, Roy Orbison, Todd Rundgren, Roberta Flack, Peter Frampton, Quincy Jones, Jackson Browne, Al Kooper, Waylon Jennings, Randy Newman, Peter Gabriel, Kenny G, The Jacksons, Crosby, Stills & Nash, Warren Zevon, and Linda Ronstadt. He is also a composer who created music for the popular television shows, Everybody Loves Raymond and Yes, Dear", "Q73263": "Raphael Eduard Liesegang () (November 1, 1869 \u2013 November 13, 1947) was a German chemist, photographer and entrepreneur born in Elberfeld.\nHe is known for his work on Liesegang rings. He also helped develop the methods of capillary analysis, a precursor to paper chromatography, published a paper on the possibility of television (years before the discovery of the electron), contributed to chromosome theory, worked on properties of aerosols and gelatins, the origins of silicosis, the role of carbon dioxide in plant life and the mechanism of both black and white and colour photographic processes.\nThe son of a painter (and eventual photographer), Liesegang longed for an artistic career but lacked the ability to draw or paint. His father would later invent a camera and photography would go on to be one of Liesegangs passions. Research into photographic emulsions led to his personal discovery of Liesegang rings. He was not the first person to observe the effect, but they bear his name, as he devoted so much time to researching them.\nAs an heir to the founder of Ed. Liesegang oHG, D\u00fcsseldorf, he also owned a factory producing photographic paper and chemicals. Ed. Liesegang oHG later expanded into optics manufacturing, and sold its photochemical interests.\nHe has published the first German brochure on television : Beitr\u00e4ge zu Problem des elektrischen Fernsehen, 1st edition 1891, 2nd edition 1899\n\n", "Q35236": "Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 \u2013 October 20, 1964) was an American engineer, businessman, and politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933. A member of the Republican Party, he held office during the onset of the Great Depression. Prior to serving as president, Hoover led the Commission for Relief in Belgium, served as the director of the U.S. Food Administration, and served as the 3rd U.S. Secretary of Commerce.\nHoover was born to a Quaker family in West Branch, Iowa. He took a position with a London-based mining company after graduating from Stanford University in 1895. After the outbreak of World War I, he became the head of the Commission for Relief in Belgium, an international relief organization that provided food to occupied Belgium. When the U.S. entered the war, President Woodrow Wilson appointed Hoover to lead the Food Administration, and Hoover became known as the country's \"food czar\". After the war, Hoover led the American Relief Administration, which provided food to the inhabitants of Central Europe and Eastern Europe. Hoover's war-time service made him a favorite of many progressives, and he unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination in the 1920 presidential election.\nAfter the 1920 election, newly-elected Republican President Warren G. Harding appointed Hoover as Secretary of Commerce; Hoover continued to serve under President Calvin Coolidge after Harding died in 1923. Hoover was an unusually active and visible cabinet member, becoming known as \"Secretary of Commerce and Under-Secretary of all other departments\". He was influential in the development of radio and air travel and led the federal response to the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. Hoover won the Republican nomination in the 1928 presidential election, and decisively defeated the Democratic candidate, Al Smith. The stock market crashed shortly after Hoover took office, and the Great Depression became the central issue of his presidency. Hoover pursued a variety of policies in an attempt to lift the economy, but opposed directly involving the federal government in relief efforts.\nIn the midst of an ongoing economic crisis, Hoover was decisively defeated by Democratic nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election. Hoover enjoyed one of the longest retirements of any former president, and he authored numerous works. After leaving office, Hoover became increasingly conservative, and he strongly criticized Roosevelt's foreign policy and New Deal domestic agenda. In the 1940s and 1950s, Hoover's public reputation was rehabilitated as he served for Presidents Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower in various assignments, including as chairman of the Hoover Commission. Nevertheless, Hoover is generally not ranked highly in historical rankings of presidents of the United States.", "Q1998131": "The Nordic Battlegroup (NBG) is one of eighteen European Union battlegroups. It consists of around 2,500 soldiers including officers, with manpower contributed from the seven participating countries (Sweden, Finland, Norway, Ireland, Estonia, Latvia , and Lithuania ). The military strategic command of the force is done in cooperation with any of the suitable five Operation Headquarters framework nations at the time for deployment. Denmark has opted out of the Common Security and Defence Policy of the EU, hence all battlegroups. Norway has negotiated an opt-in to participate, even though it is not an EU member state. Sweden, Finland and Norway have planned to form a joint battlegroup.\n\n", "Q64079": "Hans-J\u00fcrgen Graf von Blumenthal (23 February 1907 \u2013 13 October 1944) was a German aristocrat and Army officer in the Second World War who was executed by the Nazi r\u00e9gime for his role in the 20 July Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.", "Q723839": "Gostan, Constant, or Kostan Zarian (Armenian: \u053f\u0578\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576 \u0536\u0561\u0580\u0565\u0561\u0576, Shamakhi,February 2, 1885 \u2013 Yerevan, December 11, 1969) was an Armenian writer who produced short lyric poems, long narrative poems of an epic cast, manifestos, essays, travel impressions, criticism, and fiction. The genre in which he excelled, however, was the diary form with long autobiographical divagations, reminiscences and impressions of people and places, interspersed with literary, philosophical and historical meditations and polemics.", "Q100263": "Petra Gerster [\u02c8p\u02b0e\u02d0t\u0281a\u02c8g\u025b\u1d4ast\u0250] (born 25 January 1955) is a German journalist and news presenter.", "Q110070": "Peter Victor Deuster (February 13, 1831 \u2013 December 31, 1904) was an American printer, newspaper editor and publisher, and politician from Milwaukee, Wisconsin.", "Q273553": "The Paris Institute of Political Studies (French: Institut d'\u00e9tudes politiques de Paris, IPA: [\u025b\u0303stity detyd p\u0254litik d\u0259 pa\u0281i]), commonly referred to as Sciences Po Paris or just Sciences Po (IPA: [sj\u0251\u0303s po]), is a higher education institution located in France, and member of the Conf\u00e9rence des Grandes \u00e9coles. Sciences Po is commonly ranked as one of the best universities for political science and international studies in the world.It was founded in 1872 to promote a new class of French politicians in the aftermath of the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. The school's alumni include many prominent figures of the French and international political elite. Seven recent French presidents, 13 French prime ministers, 12 foreign heads of state or government, and six of the CEOs of France's largest companies have studied at Sciences Po.Sciences Po undertook a substantial reform agenda starting in the mid-1990s, which broadened its focus to prepare students for the private sector, put an emphasis on the internationalization of the school's curriculum and student body, and established a special admission process for underprivileged applicants. Sciences Po also expanded outside Paris by establishing additional campuses in Dijon, Le Havre, Menton, Nancy, Poitiers, and Reims. The Sciences Po curriculum now incorporates core courses in various branches of the social sciences, such as law, economics, history, political science, and sociology. The institution is a member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs and the Global Public Policy Network.\nIn the 2020 World University Rankings, Sciences Po was ranked 2nd worldwide for politics and international studies (behind only Harvard University and tied with Princeton University).", "Q430625": "Taylor Holmes (May 16, 1878 \u2013 September 30, 1959) was an actor who appeared in over 100 Broadway plays in his five-decade career. However, he is probably best remembered for his screen performances, which he began in silent films in 1917. Among his earliest starring roles is in George K. Spoor's 1918 production A Pair of Sixes.", "Q242956": "Rita Mae Brown (born November 28, 1944) is an American writer, activist, and feminist. She is best known for her first novel, Rubyfruit Jungle. Brown is also a mystery writer and screenwriter.", "Q34896": "Esther Dyson (born 14 July 1951) is a Swiss-born American investor, journalist, author, businesswoman, commentator and philanthropist. She is a leading angel investor focused on health care, open government, digital technology, biotechnology, and outer space. Dyson's career focuses on health and continues to invest in health and technology startups.", "Q109521": "Ingrid Arndt-Brauer (born 20 March 1961) is a German politician and member of the SPD in the Bundestag.", "Q75174": "Charles Francis Adams Sr. (August 18, 1807 \u2013 November 21, 1886) was an American historical editor, writer, politician, and diplomat. He was a son of President John Quincy Adams and grandson of President John Adams, about whom he wrote a major biography.\nAdams served two terms in the Massachusetts State Senate before running unsuccessfully as vice-presidential candidate for the Free Soil Party in the election of 1848 on a ticket with former president Martin Van Buren. During the Civil War, Adams served as the United States Minister to the United Kingdom under Abraham Lincoln, where he played a key role in keeping the British government neutral and not diplomatically recognizing the Confederacy.\nAdams became an overseer of Harvard University and built Adams National Historical Park, a library in Quincy, Massachusetts honoring his father.", "Q184163": "Colchester (listen) is a historic market town and the largest settlement within the borough of Colchester in the county of Essex. Colchester was the first Roman-founded Colonia in Britain, and Colchester lays claim to be regarded as Britain's oldest recorded town. It was for a time the capital of Roman Britain, and is a member of the Most Ancient European Towns Network.Situated on the River Colne, Colchester is 50 miles (80 km) northeast of London and is connected to the capital by the A12 road and its railway station which is on the Great Eastern Main Line. It is seen as a popular town for commuters, and is less than 30 miles (48 km) from London Stansted Airport and 20 miles (32 km) from the passenger ferry port of Harwich.\nColchester is home to Colchester Castle and Colchester United Football Club. The demonym is Colcestrian.", "Q980209": "Mikel Koliqi (September 29, 1900 \u2013 January 28, 1997) was an Albanian cardinal and priest of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born and died in Shkod\u00ebr (Shkodra), Albania. At the Time of his death he was the Oldest Member of the College of Cardinals.\n\n", "Q422221": "Shinsei Kamattechan (\u795e\u8056\u304b\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3061\u3083\u3093) is a Japanese rock band from Chiba, formed in 2007. The band consists of Noko (lead vocals, guitar, keyboards, programming, composition), Mono (leader, keyboards, programming, tambourine), and Misako (drums).", "Q645216": "William Lowndes Yancey (August 10, 1814 \u2013 July 27, 1863) was a journalist, politician, orator, diplomat and an American leader of the Southern secession movement. A member of the group known as the Fire-Eaters, Yancey was one of the most-effective agitators for secession and rhetorical defenders of slavery. An early critic of John C. Calhoun at the time of the Nullification Crisis of 1832-33, Yancey began to identify with Calhoun and the struggle against the forces of the anti-slavery movement by the late 1830s. In 1849, Yancey was a firm supporter of Calhoun's \"Southern Address\" and an adamant opponent of the Compromise of 1850.\nThroughout the 1850s, Yancey demonstrated an ability to hold large audiences under his spell for hours at a time and was sometimes referred to as the \u201cOrator of Seccession\u201d. At the 1860 Democratic National Convention, he was instrumental in splitting the party into Northern and Southern factions as a leading opponent of Stephen A. Douglas and the concept of popular sovereignty. He used the phrase \"squatter sovereignty\" in a speech he gave at the convention to describe popular sovereignty.During the American Civil War, Yancey was appointed by Confederate President Jefferson Davis to head a diplomatic delegation to Europe in the attempt to secure formal recognition of Southern independence. In these efforts, Yancey was unsuccessful and frustrated. Upon his return to America in 1862, Yancey was elected to the Confederate States Senate, where he was a frequent critic of the Davis Administration. Suffering from ill health for much of his life, Yancey died during the Civil War, in July 1863 at the age of 48.", "Q190116": "Benvenuto Cellini (, Italian: [be\u0271ve\u02c8nu\u02d0to t\u0283el\u02c8li\u02d0ni]; 3 November 1500 \u2013 13 February 1571) was an Italian goldsmith, sculptor, draftsman, soldier, musician, and artist who also wrote poetry and a famous autobiography.\nHe was one of the most important artists of Mannerism. He is remembered for his skill in making pieces such as the Cellini Salt Cellar and Perseus with the Head of Medusa.", "Q691721": "The Wendenst\u00f6cke are a multi-summited mountain of the Uri Alps, overlooking Gadmen in the cannon of Bern. The main summit (3,042 m) is named Gross Wendenstock.", "Q943242": "Ali Project (typeset as ALI PROJECT) is a Japanese band with a strong Japanese Aristocrat-style image, consisting of Arika Takarano (\u5b9d\u91ce\u30a2\u30ea\u30ab, Takarano Arika, vocals & lyrics) and Mikiya Katakura (\u7247\u5009\u4e09\u8d77\u4e5f, Katakura Mikiya, music & arrangement).\nIn the band's earlier days, their musical style tended towards light, cheerful and/or refreshing songs. However, the sound has changed in recent times to take on a darker and more mysterious tone. Takarano Arika, lead singer/lyricist, has termed this change as a transition from White Alice (\u767d\u30a2\u30ea, Shiro Ari) to Black Alice (\u9ed2\u30a2\u30ea, Kuro Ari). Though there has been a general shift towards performing songs in the \"Black Alice\" phase, Ali Project has occasionally sung in the White Alice style as well.", "Q47878": "Simon John Ritchie (10 May 1957 \u2013 2 February 1979), known professionally as Sid Vicious, was an English bassist and vocalist. He achieved prominence as a member of the Sex Pistols, a British punk rock band. Sid replaced Glen Matlock, who had fallen out of favour with the other members of the group.\nDue to intravenous drug use, Vicious was hospitalised with hepatitis during the recording of the Sex Pistols' only studio album, Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols; his bass is only partially featured on one song, \"Bodies.\" Vicious later appeared as a lead vocalist, performing three songs, on the soundtrack to The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle (1980), a largely fictionalised documentary about the Sex Pistols. As the Sex Pistols were gaining attention, Vicious met Nancy Spungen, and the couple began a relationship which culminated in Spungen's death from an apparent stab wound while staying in New York City's Hotel Chelsea with Vicious. Under suspicion of murder, Vicious was released on bail; he was arrested again for assaulting Todd Smith, brother of Patti Smith, at a nightclub, and underwent drug rehabilitation on Rikers Island. He died in 1979 after overdosing on heroin.\nLess than four weeks after Vicious's death, The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle soundtrack album was released. On 15 December 1979, a compilation of live material recorded during his brief solo career was released as Sid Sings. Gary Oldman portrayed Vicious in the biopic Sid and Nancy (1986).", "Q633380": "Archibald Meston (26 March 1851 \u2013 11 March 1924) was an Australian politician, civil servant, journalist, naturalist and explorer.\n\n", "Q536526": "Leslie Edward Pridgen (born August 6, 1978), better known by his stage name Freeway, is an American rapper from North Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is best known as a member of the rap group State Property and its 2000s run at Roc-A-Fella Records alongside Jay-Z. In 2009, Freeway was briefly signed to Cash Money Records, but returned to work again with Jay-Z at the mogul's entertainment organization and record label, Roc Nation, with his 2018 album Think Free.", "Q2429435": "Thrasybulos Georgios Georgiades (Greek: \u0398\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2; Athens, 4 January 1907 \u2013 Munich, 15 March 1977) was a Greek musicologist, pianist, civil engineer and philosopher. He was for many years director of the Institute of Musicology at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, and he is widely regarded as one of the greatest German musicologists.", "Q28267": "51 (also known as After Dark Originals: Area 51 or Area 51) is a 2011 American horror film directed by Jason Connery and starring Bruce Boxleitner and John Shea. It is part of the After Dark Originals lineup. The film premiered on the SyFy Channel on February 26, 2011.", "Q267526": "The Protector (Chinese: \u5a01\u9f8d\u731b\u63a2) is a 1985 Hong Kong-American action film directed by James Glickenhaus and starring Jackie Chan, Danny Aiello and Roy Chiao. It was Chan's second attempt at breaking into the American film market, after 1980 film The Big Brawl, a film which had been a disappointment at the box office. Conflicts between Glickenhaus and Chan during production led to two official versions of the film: Glickenhaus' original version for American audiences and a Hong Kong version re-edited by Jackie Chan. Chan later directed Police Story as a response to this film.\n\n", "Q83184": "Jacinto Benavente y Mart\u00ednez (12 August 1866 \u2013 14 July 1954) was one of the foremost Spanish dramatists of the 20th century. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1922 \"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama\".", "Q945633": "Sir George William John Benjamin, CBE (born 31 January 1960) is an English composer of classical music. He is also a conductor, pianist and teacher.", "Q77763": "Hermann Philipp Detzner (16 October 1882 \u2013 1 December 1970) was a German engineer and surveyor, who served as an officer in the German colonial security force (Schutztruppe) in Kamerun (Cameroon) and German New Guinea. He gained fame for evading capture after Australian troops invaded German New Guinea at the start of World War I.\nIn early 1914, the German government sent Detzner to explore and chart central Kaiser-Wilhelmsland, the imperial protectorate on the island of New Guinea. When World War I broke out in Europe, he was far from civilisation and without radio contact. He refused to surrender to Australian troops when they occupied German New Guinea, concealing himself in the jungle with a band of approximately 20 soldiers. For four years, Detzner and his troops provocatively marched through the bush, singing \"Watch on the Rhine\" and flying the German Imperial flag. He led at least one expedition from the Huon Peninsula to the north coast, and a second by a mountain route, to attempt an escape to the neutral Dutch colony to the west. He explored areas of the New Guinea's hinterland formerly unseen by Europeans.\nAfter finding out that the war had ended, Detzner surrendered in full dress uniform, flying the Imperial flag, to Australian forces in January 1919. He received a hero's welcome when he returned to Germany. He wrote a book about his adventures \u2013 Four Years Among the Cannibals in the Interior of German New Guinea under the Imperial Flag, from 1914 until the Armistice \u2013 that sold well in Great Britain and Germany, entered three printings, and was translated into French, English, Finnish and Swedish. He received a position in the Imperial Colonial Archives, and appeared frequently on the lecture circuit throughout the 1920s. In the late 1920s, scientific portions of his book were discredited. In 1932, he admitted that he had mixed fact and fiction and, after that time, eschewed public life.", "Q29179": "Francisco Franco Bahamonde (, Spanish: [f\u027ean\u02c8\u03b8isko \u02c8f\u027ea\u014bko]; 4 December 1892 \u2013 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general and dictator who ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975. During his rule Franco assumed the title Caudillo. This period in Spanish history, from the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War to Franco's death, is commonly known as Francoist Spain or the Francoist dictatorship.\nFranco was born in Ferrol, Spain as the son of an upper-class family with strong traditional ties and several generations of high-ranking officers in the Spanish Navy. But due to the navy being crippled by the Spanish-American War Franco instead joined the Spanish Army as a cadet in the Toledo Infantry Academy in 1907, graduating in 1910. He would then go on to serve in Morocco, rapidly advancing through the ranks for bravery in combat and an assiduous attention to detail in logistics. In 1926 he became Brigadier General at age 33, the youngest General in all Europe, and two years later he became director of the General Military Academy in Zaragoza.As a conservative and a monarchist, Franco regretted the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Second Republic in 1931. He was devastated by the closing of his beloved Academy, but nevertheless continued his service in the Republican Army. For a time he was even left without posting, but his career improved after the right-wing CEDA and PRR won the 1933 election. In 1934 Franco led the brutal suppression of the uprising in Asturias, sharpening the antagonism between Left and Right in the country. In 1935 he became Chief of Army Staff, but when the leftist Popular Front won the 1936 election Franco was once again marginalized, being relieved of his position and relegated to the Canary Islands. When Calvo Sotelo, leader of the opposition, was murdered that summer it triggered a military coup which had been plotted since the election in February. Franco had initially kept his distance from the plot, but joined in the last minute with complete resolution. The coup failed and precipitated the Spanish Civil War.\nFranco took control of the Army of Africa, which was air-lifted to Spain. With the death of the other leading generals, Franco became his faction's only leader and was appointed Generalissimo and Head of State in the autumn of 1936. By a Unification Decree in 1937 Franco merged all Nationalist parties into a single party, the FET y de las JONS. In 1939 the Nationalists had won the war, which had claimed almost half a million lives. The victory extended Franco's dictatorship over all of Spain, and it was followed by a period of repression of political opponents and dissenters. Between 30,000 and 50,000 people died by this repression, which employed forced labor, concentration camps, and executions. Combined with the Nationalist executions during the war, the death toll of the White Terror lies between 100,000 and 200,000.Franco continued to rule Spain alone, with more power than any Spanish leader before or since, ruling almost exclusively by decree. He nurtured a cult of personality and the Movimiento Nacional became the only channel of participation in Spanish public life. During World War II he espoused neutrality as Spain's official wartime policy, but supported the Axis \u2014 whose members Italy and Germany had supported him during the Civil War \u2014 in various ways. After the war, Spain was shunned and isolated by many other countries for nearly a decade.\nBy the 1950s the nature of Franco's regime changed from being openly totalitarian and severely repressive to an authoritarian system with limited pluralism. During the Cold War Franco became one of the world's foremost anti-Communist figures and his regime was assisted by the West, particularly the United States. Spain had suffered chronic economic depression in the late 1940s and early 1950s, but by abandoning autarky and pursuing economic liberalization Franco presided over the \"Spanish miracle\". Economic authority was delegated to the technocrats of the Opus Dei, leading to tremendous economic growth.The Francoist dictatorship continued to soften over time and Luis Carrero Blanco became Franco's \u00e9minence grise, controlling the day-to-day operations of the government: this increased when Franco began showing symptoms of Parkinson's disease in the 1960s. The introduction of the Organic Law in 1966 limited and clearly defined Franco's powers and officially created the office of Prime Minister. In 1973, beset with old age, sickness, and wishing to partially relinquish the burden of governing Spain, Franco resigned as Prime Minister and was succeeded by Carrero Blanco. However, Franco remained as Head of State and Commander-in-Chief. Franco died in 1975 at the age of 82 and was buried in the Valle de los Ca\u00eddos. Through the power to appoint a king, granted to him by the 1947 Law of Succession to the Headship of the State, he restored the monarchy before his death, appointing Juan Carlos as his successor and King of Spain. Juan Carlos led the Spanish transition to democracy.\nFranco remains a controversial figure in Spanish history and the nature of his dictatorship changed over time. His reign was marked by both brutal repression, with thousands killed, and economic prosperity, which greatly improved the quality of life in Spain. His dictatorial style proved very adaptable, which could introduce social and economic reform, and the only consistent points in Franco's long rule were above all authoritarianism, Spanish nationalism, National Catholicism, anti-Freemasonry, and anti-Communism.", "Q268615": "Warda Al-Jazairia (Arabic: \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u200e 22 July 1939 \u2013 17 May 2012) was an Algerian singer who was well known for her Egyptian Arabic songs and music. Her name literally meant Warda the Algerian, but she was sometimes referred to as just Warda (Egyptian Arabic: [\u02c8w\u00e6\u027ed\u00e6] meaning \"Rose\") or as \"The Algerian Rose\" in the Arab world.", "Q240199": "Sara Rue (born January 26, 1979) is an American actress. She is known for her performances as Carmen Ferrara on Popular, and as Claude Casey on Less than Perfect. In 2011, she hosted The CW reality series Shedding for the Wedding. She had a recurring role in the comedy Rules of Engagement, in which she played Brenda, the softball teammate and good friend of Jeff Bingham. She also had a regular role as Kim on the short-lived ABC sitcom Malibu Country, and appeared in the main cast of the TV Land comedy series Impastor. She is also known for her role as Olivia Caliban in the second season of A Series of Unfortunate Events.", "Q93397": "Max Adler (; German: [\u02c8a\u02d0dl\u0250]; 15 January 1873 \u2013 28 June 1937) was an Austrian jurist, politician and social philosopher; his theories were of central importance to Austromarxism. He was a brother of Oskar Adler.\n\n", "Q278406": "High on Fire is an American sludge metal band from Oakland, California, that was formed in 1998. Matt Pike, the band's frontman and founder, also plays guitar for the doom metal band Sleep. The band won the 2019 Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance with their song \"Electric Messiah.\"", "Q16389": "Sir Charles Kuen Kao (4 November 1933 \u2013 23 September 2018) was a physicist and electrical engineer who pioneered the development and use of fibre optics in telecommunications. In the 1960s, Kao created various methods to combine glass fibres with lasers in order to transmit digital data, which laid the groundwork for the evolution of the Internet.\nKnown as the \"Godfather of Broadband\", the \"Father of Fiber Optics\", and the \"Father of Fiber Optic Communications\", Kao was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for \"groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication\".Born in Shanghai, Kao was a permanent resident of Hong Kong and held citizenships in the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Q443813": "Michael Steele (born Susan Nancy Thomas on June 2, 1955) is an American bassist, guitarist, songwriter, and singer, best known as the bass player for the Bangles. Under the name Micki Steele, she was a founding member of the Runaways but left in 1975, shortly before the band's major label debut. For the next several years, she played with various other musical groups for short periods of time.\nIn 1983, Steele replaced original bassist Annette Zilinskas as a member of the Bangles. Steele made her entrance just in time to play on the band's first full-length album, All Over the Place. She remained with the Bangles throughout the high point of their career, contributing as bassist, vocalist, and songwriter until the band's dissolution in 1989. She rejoined the band for a 2003 reunion album, Doll Revolution, and toured with them until the following year.", "Q77788": "Hans Erich Nossack (30 January 1901 \u2013 2 November 1977) was a German writer. Among his works are Sp\u00e4testens im November (1955), Der j\u00fcngere Bruder (1958) and Ein gl\u00fccklicher Mensch (1975). In 1961 Nossack was awarded the Georg B\u00fcchner Prize. One of his most famous works is The End: Hamburg 1943, written 3 months after the bombing of Hamburg by the allies during the Second World War.", "Q4133": "Nordhorn is the district seat of Grafschaft Bentheim in Lower Saxony's southwesternmost corner near the border with the Netherlands and the boundary with North Rhine-Westphalia.\n\n", "Q1679715": "William Clay Ford Sr. (March 14, 1925 \u2013 March 9, 2014) was an American businessman. He served on the boards of Ford Motor Company and the Edison Institute. Ford owned the Detroit Lions National Football League (NFL) franchise. He was the youngest child of Edsel Ford and was the last surviving grandchild of Henry Ford.", "Q113592": "Josef P\u00fchringer (German: [\u02c8py\u02d0r\u026a\u014b\u0250] (listen); born 30 October 1949 in Traun) is a former Austrian politician. \nFrom 2 March 1995 to 6 April 2017 he was the governor (Landeshauptmann) of Upper Austria. He is a member of the Austrian People's Party (\u00d6VP).He is a member of several Roman Catholic student fraternities that belong to the \u00d6CV and the MKV.\n\n", "Q1015480": "Xinji (Chinese: \u8f9b\u96c6; pinyin: X\u012bnj\u00ed) is a county-level city of Hebei Province, North China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Shijiazhuang. It is the easternmost county-level division of Shijiangzhuang. There are 8 towns (\u9547; zh\u00e8n) and 7 townships (\u4e61; xi\u0101ng) under the administration of Xinji.", "Q1676426": "John Wiley Edmands (March 1, 1809 \u2013 January 31, 1877) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts.\nEdmands was born in Boston on March 1, 1809. He completed preparatory studies, and graduated from English High School of Boston. He became interested in woolen mills in Dedham and the Pacific Mills Company in Lawrence.\nEdmands was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-third Congress (March 4, 1853 \u2013 March 3, 1855). He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1854, and returned to Pacific Mills and served as its treasurer. Edmands was a presidential elector on the Republican ticket in 1868.\nHe died in Newton on January 31, 1877. His interment was in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge.", "Q284656": "Green Street 2: Stand Your Ground (also known as Green Street 2 and Green Street Hooligans 2: Stand Your Ground) is a 2009 American-British film directed by Jesse V. Johnson. It is a sequel to the 2005 film Green Street. Green Street 3: Never Back Down followed in 2013.", "Q465181": "Ay\u015fe Kulin (born 26 August 1941) is a Turkish female short story writer, screenwriter and novelist.", "Q1764988": "Thorsten Nordenfelt (1 March 1842 \u2013 8 February 1920), was a Swedish inventor and industrialist.\nNordenfelt was born in \u00d6rby outside Kinna, Sweden, the son of a colonel. The surname was and is often spelt Nordenfeldt, though Thorsten and his brothers always spelt it Nordenfelt, and the 1881 Census shows it as Nordenfelt. The family home in that year was Leinster Lodge on the Uxbridge Road, Paddington in west London.\nThorsten worked for a Swedish company in London from 1862 to 1866 and migrated to England in 1867 when he married Emma Stansfeld Grundy.\nThorsten Nordenfelt and his brother-in-law started a small business to trade Swedish steel for British rails in 1887. Later on he founded Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company, ltd to develop a machine-gun designed by Helge Palmcrantz that would be referred to as the Nordenfelt gun. His company also designed a range of anti-torpedoboat guns in calibres from 37 to 57 mm, that were produced in Erith, Kent, Stockholm and Spain. Under pressure from Rothschild and Vickers his company merged with Maxim's in 1888 to form The Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company.\nAfter a personal bankruptcy Nordenfelt was forced out of the Nordenfelt-Maxim company in 1890 and left England for France, where his new company, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nordenfelt, designed the eccentric screw breech used on the French 75. Legal action followed (Nordenfelt v Maxim, Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Co Ltd) over a non-compete clause Nordenfelt had signed.\nIn 1903 he returned to Sweden and retired.\nIn 1902 a public house named after Thorsten Nordenfelt was built at 181 Erith Road, Erith just along from the Gun and Carriage works of Vickers, Sons and Maxim (previously Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company) . Named 'The Nordenfelt Tavern' it was built to the design of Jonathan G. Ensor (1852/3-19??), architect for brewer Watney Combe & Reid", "Q302433": "Richard Arthur Warren Hughes OBE (19 April 1900 \u2013 28 April 1976) was a British writer of poems, short stories, novels and plays.He was born in Weybridge, Surrey. His father was Arthur Hughes, a civil servant, and his mother Louisa Grace Warren who had been brought up in the West Indies in Jamaica. He was educated first at Charterhouse School and graduated from Oriel College, Oxford in 1922.\nA Charterhouse schoolmaster had sent Hughes's first published work to the magazine The Spectator in 1917. The article, written as a school essay, was an unfavourable criticism of The Loom of Youth, by Alec Waugh, a recently published novel which caused a furore for its account of homosexual passions between British schoolboys in a public school. At Oxford he met Robert Graves, also an Old Carthusian, and they co-edited a poetry publication, Oxford Poetry, in 1921. Hughes's short play The Sisters' Tragedy was being staged in the West End of London at the Royal Court Theatre by 1922. He was the author of the world's first radio play, Danger, commissioned from him for the BBC by Nigel Playfair and broadcast on 15 January 1924.\nHughes was employed as a journalist and travelled widely before he married the painter Frances Bazley in 1932. They settled for a period in Norfolk and then in 1934 at Castle House, Laugharne in south Wales. Dylan Thomas stayed with Hughes and wrote his book Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog whilst living at Castle House. Hughes was instrumental in Thomas relocating permanently to the area.He wrote only four novels, the most famous of which is The Innocent Voyage (1929), or A High Wind in Jamaica, as Hughes renamed it soon after its initial publication. Set in the 19th century, it explores the events which follow the accidental capture of a group of English children by pirates: the children are revealed as considerably more amoral than the pirates (it was in this novel that Hughes first described the cocktail Hangman's Blood). In 1938, he wrote an allegorical novel, In Hazard, based on the true story of the S.S. Phemius that was caught in the 1932 Cuba hurricane for four days during its maximum intensity. He wrote volumes of children's stories, including The Spider's Palace.\nDuring World War II, Hughes had a desk job in the Admiralty. He met the architects Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry, and Jane's and Max's children stayed with the Hughes family for much of that time. After the end of the war, he spent ten years writing scripts for Ealing Studios, and published no more novels until 1961. Of the trilogy The Human Predicament, only the first two volumes, The Fox in the Attic (1961) and The Wooden Shepherdess (1973), were complete when he died; twelve chapters, less than 50 pages, of the final volume are now published. In these he describes the course of European history from the 1920s through World War II, including real characters and events\u2014such as Hitler's escape after the abortive Munich putsch\u2014as well as fictional.\nLater in life Hughes relocated to Ynys in Gwynedd.\nHe was churchwarden of Llanfihangel-y-traethau, the village church, where he was buried when he died at home in 1976.Hughes was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and, in the United States, an honorary member of both the National Institute of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He was awarded the OBE (Officer of the Order of the British Empire) in 1946.", "Q924232": "Vincent Grant Gill (born April 12, 1957) is an American country singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He has achieved commercial success and fame both as frontman to the country rock band Pure Prairie League in the 1970s and as a solo artist beginning in 1983, where his talents as a vocalist and musician have placed him in high demand as a guest vocalist and a duet partner.\nHe has recorded more than 20 studio albums, charted over 40 singles on the U.S. Billboard charts as Hot Country Songs, and has sold more than 26 million albums. He has been honored by the Country Music Association with 18 CMA Awards, including two Entertainer of the Year awards and five Male Vocalist Awards. As of 2017, Gill has also earned 21 Grammy Awards, more than any other male country music artist. In 2007 he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. On February 4, 2016, Gill was inducted into the Guitar Center Rock Walk by Joe Walsh of the Eagles. In 2017, Vince Gill and Deacon Frey were hired by the Eagles in place of the late Glenn Frey.", "Q962267": "Papa to Kiss in the Dark (\u30d1\u30d1\u3068KISS IN THE DARK) is a Japanese yaoi light novel written by Ken Nanbara and illustrated by Sae Momoki. It has been adapted into an anime OVA series animated by TNK. Several drama CDs also based on this light novel have been released.\nIn June 2008, the anime was licensed for release in English by Media Blasters under their Kitty Media label.", "Q491766": "Mathieu Kassovitz (born 3 August 1967) is a French director, screenwriter, producer, editor, and actor. He is the founder of MNP Entreprise, a film production company.\nHe has won three C\u00e9sar Awards: Most Promising Actor for See How They Fall (1994), and Best Film and Best Editing for La Haine (1995). He also received Best Director and Best Writing nominations.", "Q761439": "Moravsk\u00fd Krumlov (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8morafski\u02d0 \u02c8krumlof]; German: M\u00e4hrisch Kromau) is a town in the Znojmo District, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic. It has about 6,023 inhabitants (2005 est.).\nThe town is named Moravsk\u00fd Krumlov (\"Moravian Krumlov\") to differentiate it from \u010cesk\u00fd Krumlov (\"Bohemian Krumlov\"), which lies in South Bohemia.", "Q2542": "Horst K\u00f6hler (German: [\u02c8h\u0254\u0250\u032fst \u02c8k\u00f8\u02d0l\u0250] (listen); born 22 February 1943) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union, and served as President of Germany from 2004 to 2010. As the candidate of the two Christian Democratic sister parties, the CDU and the CSU, and the liberal FDP, K\u00f6hler was elected to his first five-year term by the Federal Assembly on 23 May 2004 and was subsequently inaugurated on 1 July 2004. He was reelected to a second term on 23 May 2009. Just a year later, on 31 May 2010, he resigned from his office in a controversy over his comment on the role of the German Bundeswehr in light of a visit to the troops in Afghanistan. During his tenure as German President, whose office is mostly concerned with ceremonial matters, K\u00f6hler was a highly popular politician, with approval rates above those of both chancellor Gerhard Schr\u00f6der and later chancellor Angela Merkel.K\u00f6hler is an economist by profession. Prior to his election as President, K\u00f6hler had a distinguished career in politics and the civil service and as a banking executive. He was President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development from 1998 to 2000 and head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 2000 to 2004. From 2012 to 2013, K\u00f6hler served on the UN Secretary General's High-level Panel on the Post-2015 Development Agenda.\n\n", "Q623178": "Elvio Romero (1926-2004) was a Paraguayan poet. He straddled the decades of the 1940s and 1950s in the history of Paraguayan poetry.", "Q230495": "Kim Raver (born March 15, 1969) is an American actress and producer. She is best known for television roles as Kim Zambrano on Third Watch, Audrey Raines on 24 and Teddy Altman on ABC's medical drama Grey's Anatomy.", "Q218319": "Zofia Na\u0142kowska ([z\u0254f\u02c8ia naw\u02c8k\u0254vska], Warsaw, Congress Poland, 10 November 1884 \u2013 17 December 1954, Warsaw) was a Polish prose writer, dramatist, and prolific essayist. She served as the executive member of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature (1933\u20131939) during the interwar period.", "Q543152": "Sylvia Brustad (born 19 December 1966, in Elverum) is a former Norwegian politician for the Norwegian Labour Party.\nBrustad graduated from high school in 1983, and attended the media courses at the folk high school in Ringsaker until 1985. She then worked as a journalist, among other publications she worked for LO-aktuelt, the news publication of the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions.\nBrustad was elected to a county council seat in Hedmark following the local elections of 1987. In the 1989 election, she was elected to a seat in the Norwegian Parliament and left county politics.\nIn cabinet Jagland which held office between 1996 and 1997, she was Minister for Children and Family Affairs. She was later Minister for Local Government and Regional Development in the first cabinet Stoltenberg between 2000 and 2001. Following the electoral victory of the 2005 elections, Brustad became Minister of Health and Care Services in the second cabinet Stoltenberg. She was moved to the post of Minister of Trade and Industry in June 2008 and left the government in October 2009.\nBrustad became known for her role as Minister for Child and Family Affairs in 1996 when a law restricting the opening hours of shops on Sundays, holidays and after nine in the evening was passed. Only stores smaller than 100 square metres were allowed to remain open, such shops were somewhat disparagingly nicknamed \"Brustadbuer\" (\"Brustad shacks\"), until the law was quietly repealed in 2003. Brustad herself claimed that she had not personally advocated the law, but that she was required to follow through on a decision within the Labour Party.", "Q369292": "Thomas Alexander Dekker (born December 28, 1987) is an American actor, musician, singer, director and producer. He is known for his roles as John Connor in Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles, Adam Conant on The Secret Circle, and Zach on Heroes.\nDekker did the voice of Littlefoot in The Land Before Time V-IX (singing voice in The Land Before Time V) and as Fievel Mousekewitz in An American Tail: The Treasure of Manhattan Island and An American Tail: The Mystery of the Night Monster. He played Jesse Braun in the 2010 remake of A Nightmare on Elm Street, and Smith in Gregg Araki's film Kaboom. Dekker starred as Gregory Valentine in the TV show Backstrom.\nHe has also written and produced two albums.", "Q2761378": "Alvy Ray Smith III is an American computer scientist who co-founded Lucasfilm's Computer Division, and Pixar, participating in the 1980s and 1990s expansion of computer animation into feature film.", "Q467796": "Nathacha Devi Pathareddy Appanah (born 24 May 1973 in Mah\u00e9bourg, Mauritius) is a Mauritian-French author. She spent most of her teenage years in Mauritius and also worked as a journalist/columnist at Le Mauricien and Week-End Scope before emigrating to France. She was a contributor to poetry and news section during her tenure in the magazines.\nSince 1998, Nathacha Appanah is well known as an active writer. Her first book Les Rochers de Poudre d'Or (published by \u00c9ditions Gallimard) received the \"Prix RFO du livre\". The book was based on the arrival of Indian indentured workers in Mauritius. Her other works like The Last Brother detailing struggles during Nazi attack and migration to Czechoslovakia and Tropic of violence based on children on the streets of Mayotte are critically acclaimed.", "Q299161": "Javier Mar\u00edas (born 20 September 1951) is a Spanish novelist, translator, and columnist. He is one of Spain's most celebrated novelists, and his work has been translated into 42 languages.", "Q14575": "Root is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q232282": "Piper Laurie (born Rosetta Jacobs; January 22, 1932) is an American stage and screen actress known for her roles in the films The Hustler (1961), Carrie (1976), and Children of a Lesser God (1986), all of which brought her Academy Award nominations. She is also known for her performances as Kirsten Arnesen in the original TV production of Days of Wine and Roses, and as Catherine Martell in the cult television series Twin Peaks, for which she won a Golden Globe Award in 1991. In 2018, she appeared in the film White Boy Rick.", "Q438292": "Mike Bailey (born 6 April 1988) is an English actor and singer. He is best known for playing the role of Sid Jenkins in the first two series of the British teen drama Skins.", "Q316446": "Samuel Rockwell (born November 5, 1968) is an American actor. He became well known for his leading roles in Lawn Dogs (1997), Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002), Matchstick Men (2003), The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005), Moon (2009), Seven Psychopaths (2012), Mr. Right (2015), and Richard Jewell (2019). He has also played supporting roles in The Green Mile (1999), Galaxy Quest (1999), Frost/Nixon (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), Conviction (2010), and The Way, Way Back (2013). In 2017, Rockwell's performance as a troubled police officer in the crime film Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri won him the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He was nominated in the same category the following year for his portrayal of George W. Bush in the political satire Vice. In 2019, he portrayed Bob Fosse in the FX biographical miniseries Fosse/Verdon, earning him a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series.", "Q983933": "Damageplan was an American heavy metal supergroup from Dallas, Texas, formed in 2003. Following the demise of their previous group Pantera, brothers Dimebag Darrell and Vinnie Paul Abbott wanted to start a new band. The pair recruited former Diesel Machine and Halford guitarist Patrick Lachman on vocals, and later Bob Zilla on bass. Damageplan released New Found Power, their only album, on February 10, 2004. New Found Power debuted at number 38 on the Billboard 200, selling 44,676 copies in its first week.\nWhile Damageplan was promoting the album at a concert on December 8, 2004 at the Alrosa Villa in Columbus, Ohio, deranged fan Nathan Gale climbed on stage and killed guitarist Dimebag Darrell and three others before being fatally shot by a police officer. Although no motive was found, some of Gale's friends reported that he believed that Pantera had stolen his lyrics and that its former members were attempting to steal his identity. Damageplan's manager confirmed there are unreleased Damageplan recordings, although they have not surfaced, and the band has been inactive since the incident. Vinnie and Zilla joined the band Hellyeah, and Lachman joined the Mercy Clinic. Vinnie died in 2018.", "Q586568": "The Church of the Holy Apostles (Greek: \u1f0d\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f08\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9, Agioi Apostoloi; Turkish: Havariyyun Kilisesi), also known as the Imperial Poly\u00e1ndreion (imperial cemetery), was a Greek Eastern Orthodox church in Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. The first structure dates to the 4th century, though future emperors would add to and improve upon it. It was second in size and importance only to the Hagia Sophia among the great churches of the capital. When Constantinople fell to the Ottomans in 1453, the Holy Apostles briefly became the seat of the Ecumenical Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Church. Three years later the edifice, which was in a dilapidated state, was abandoned by the Patriarch, and in 1461 it was demolished by the Ottomans to make way for the Fatih Mosque.", "Q128504": "Scent of a Woman (Italian: Profumo di donna) is a 1974 Commedia all'italiana film directed by Dino Risi, based on Il buio e il miele, a story by Giovanni Arpino. Both Risi and the leading actor Vittorio Gassman won important Italian and French awards. An American remake, Scent of a Woman, was released in 1992.", "Q54151": "Everett is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, directly north of Boston, bordering the neighborhood of Charlestown. The population was 41,667 at the time of the 2010 United States Census.Everett was the last city in the United States to have a bicameral legislature, which was composed of a seven-member Board of Aldermen and an eighteen-member Common Council. On November 8, 2011, the voters approved a new City Charter that changed the City Council to a unicameral body with eleven members \u2013 six ward councilors and five councilors-at-large. The new City Council was elected during the 2013 City Election.", "Q461481": "Ragnhild \u00d8ren Gulbrandsen (born 22 February 1977) is a Norwegian journalist and former football striker from the city of Trondheim who retired from football at the end of 2007. Most of her playing career was spent with Trondheims-\u00d8rn (Trondheim Eagles) women's football club, with whom she won the Norwegian elite league, the Toppserien, three times and the Cup four times, and was the club's top scorer in 1997, 2000 and 2001. As of April 2012, Gulbrandsen's 141 Toppserien goals made her third in the all-time goalscorer statistics.In 2000 Gulbrandsen played in the Norway team which won gold at the Sydney Olympics, scoring Norway's second goal in the 3\u20132 final win against the USA. She played as a professional in the USA with Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA) club Boston Breakers in 2002 and 2003.\nAt the end of 2005 Gulbrandsen moved to Oslo to work as a journalist, and considered retiring from football. But she joined Asker women's football club, and in the 2006 season when Asker won the Division 1 title, she twice scored six goals in a match. She last played for Asker SK and the Norway national football team.\nAt the FIFA Women's World Cup 2007 tournament in China in 2007, Gulbrandsen scored six goals for Norway and won the Tournament's Bronze Shoe award as the third top scorer behind Marta of Brazil and Abby Wambach of the USA. Her international career, which was interrupted several times by injury, included 97 appearances for Norway at all levels, with 38 goals. She later found employment as a journalist for Budstikka.\nRagnhild's father Odd Gulbrandsen played professional football for Rosenborg BK. She is not related to the contemporary Norwegian footballer Solveig Gulbrandsen.\n\n", "Q1333399": "The University of Leicester ( (listen) LES-t\u0259r) is a public research university based in Leicester, England. The main campus is south of the city centre, adjacent to Victoria Park. In 1957, the university's predecessor (University College, Leicester) gained university status.\nFor 2018/19, the university is nationally ranked 34th in The Sunday Times Good University Guide, 63rd by The Guardian University Guide and 29th in The Complete University Guide. It is ranked as one of the top 200 universities in the world by the 2018 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and the 25th in the United Kingdom. The university had an income of \u00a3302.8 million in 2016/17, of which \u00a352.2 million was from research grants.The university is famous for the discovery of genetic fingerprinting and contributing to the discovery and identification of the remains of King Richard III.", "Q441751": "Milly Scott (born Marion Henriette Louise Molly, 29 December 1933, Den Helder) is a Dutch singer and actress of Surinamese origin, best known for her participation in the 1966 Eurovision Song Contest. Scott is recognised as the first black singer to take part in Eurovision.", "Q1747837": "The zombie comedy, often called zom com or zomedy, is a film genre that aims to blend zombie horror motifs with slapstick comedy as well as dark comedy.", "Q1444438": "Frank Christian Westphal (June 15, 1889 \u2013 November 23, 1948) was an American pianist, dance band leader and composer who recorded in the 1920s, following the end of his marriage to singer Sophie Tucker.", "Q169558": "Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii is a 1972 concert documentary film directed by Adrian Maben and featuring the English rock group Pink Floyd performing at the ancient Roman amphitheatre in Pompeii, Italy. Although the band perform a typical live set from the era, there is no audience beyond the basic film crew. The main footage in and around the amphitheatre was filmed over four days in October 1971, using the band's regular touring equipment, including a mobile 8-track recorder from Paris (before being bumped up to 16-track in post-production). Additional footage filmed in a Paris television studio the following December was added for the original 1972 release. The film was then re-released in 1974 with additional studio material of the band working on The Dark Side of the Moon, and interviews at Abbey Road Studios.\nThe film has subsequently been released on video numerous times, and in 2002, a Director's cut DVD appeared which combined the original footage from 1971 with more contemporary shots of space and the area around Pompeii, assembled by Maben. A number of bands have taken inspiration from the film in creating their own videos, or filming concerts without an audience.", "Q1282750": "Eddie Dean (born Edgar Dean Glosup, (1907-07-09)July 9, 1907 \u2013 (1999-03-04)March 4, 1999) was an American western singer and actor whom Roy Rogers and Gene Autry termed the best cowboy singer of all time. Dean was best known for \"I Dreamed Of A Hill-Billy Heaven\" (1955), which became an even greater hit for Tex Ritter in 1961.\n\n", "Q447320": "Petra H\u016flov\u00e1 (born July 12, 1979, in Prague) is a Czech writer.", "Q121520": "C\u00e9sar Keiser or Hanspeter Keiser (4 April 1925 \u2013 25 February 2007) was a Swiss cabarettist, comedian, radio personality, and stage and film actor starring usually in Swiss German language cinema and television and stage productions.\n\n", "Q457133": "Anja Coleby (born 30 September 1971) is an Australian model, television actress, reporter and producer.", "Q214245": "Karel \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nek (1899\u20131980) was a Czech actor who spent many years in Austria and generally played German roles onscreen. In 1940 he moved to Britain and spent much of the rest of his career acting there.\n\n", "Q88984": "Marlene Streeruwitz (born 28 June 1950) is an Austrian playwright, novelist, poet and short story writer.", "Q62385": "Carl Maria Peter Ferdinand Philipp Albrecht Joseph Michael Pius Konrad Robert Ulrich Herzog von W\u00fcrttemberg (born 1 August 1936) is the current head of the House of W\u00fcrttemberg.\n\n", "Q22979": "Daniela Denise Katzenberger (born 1 October 1986) is a German reality TV personality, actor, restaurateur, singer, television presenter, and model. Her first single, a version of Nothing's Gonna Stop Me Now reached number 19 in the German single charts in 2010. She has featured in several television shows in Germany, mostly on VOX.\n\n", "Q234195": "Rosemary Ann Harris (born 19 September 1927) is an English actress. She is a 1986 American Theatre Hall of Fame inductee.Harris began her stage career in 1948, before making her Broadway debut in 1952. For her New York stage work, she is a four-time Drama Desk Award winner and nine-time Tony Award nominee, winning the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play in 1966 for The Lion in Winter. On television, she won an Emmy Award for the 1974 TV serial Notorious Woman, and a Golden Globe Award for the 1978 miniseries Holocaust. For the 1994 film Tom & Viv, she received a Best Supporting Actress Academy Award nomination. She is the mother of actress Jennifer Ehle. In 2002, she portrayed Peter Parker\u2019s Aunt May in Sam Raimi\u2019s Spider-Man, a role she reprised in 2004's Spider-Man 2 and 2007's Spider-Man 3.", "Q3684977": "CGD (Compagnia Generale del Disco) was an Italian record label.", "Q2004963": "A numismatist is a specialist in numismatics (\"of coins\"; from Late Latin numismatis, genitive of numisma). Numismatists include collectors, specialist dealers and scholars who use coins in object-based research. Although the term numismatics was first coined in English in 1829, people had been collecting and studying coins long before this, all over the world.The first group chiefly derive pleasure from the simple ownership of monetary devices and studying these coins as private amateur scholars. In the classical field amateur collector studies have achieved quite remarkable progress in the field. Examples are Walter Breen, a well-known example of a noted numismatist who was not an avid collector, and King Farouk I of Egypt was an avid collector who had very little interest in numismatics. Harry Bass by comparison was a noted collector who was also a numismatist.\nThe second group are the coin dealers. Often called professional numismatists, they authenticate or grade coins for commercial purposes. The buying and selling of coin collections by numismatists who are professional dealers advances the study of money, and expert numismatists are consulted by historians, museum curators, and archaeologists. See, for example, the International Association of Professional Numismatists (IAPN) and the British Numismatic Trade Association (BNTA).\nThe third category are scholar numismatists working in public collections, universities or as independent scholars acquiring knowledge about monetary devices, their systems, their economy and their historical context. Coins are especially relevant as a source in the pre-modern period.", "Q70959": "Erik Charell (April 8, 1894 \u2013 July 15, 1974), born as Erich Karl L\u00f6wenberg, was a German theatre and film director, dancer and actor. He is best known as the creator of musical revues and operettas, such as The White Horse Inn (Im wei\u00dfen R\u00f6ssl) and The Congress Dances (Der Kongress tanzt).", "Q728039": "Edwyn Stephen Collins (born 23 August 1959) is a Scottish musician, producer and record label owner from Edinburgh, Scotland. Collins was the lead singer for the 1980s post-punk band Orange Juice, which he co-founded. Following the group's split in 1985, Collins started a solo career. His 1995 single \"A Girl Like You\" was a worldwide hit.In February 2005, Collins was hospitalised following two cerebral haemorrhages which resulted in aphasia, and he subsequently underwent a months-long rehabilitation period. Collins resumed his musical career in 2007. A documentary film on his recovery, titled The Possibilities Are Endless, was released in 2014.Collins was the co-founder of the indie record label Postcard Records and co-founded a second label, Analogue Enhanced Digital, in 2011. Collins has also worked as an illustrator, television actor, television producer and record producer. He won an Ivor Novello Award, the Ivor Inspiration Award, in 2009.", "Q2416148": "Vladimir Yevgenyevich Turchinsky (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 28 September 1963 \u2013 16 December 2009) was a Russian wrestler, strongman, television and radio presenter, actor, author, singer and businessman. After completing military service he took various odd jobs, as a photographer, bodyguard, security officer, circus performer, and translator from English and French. He later became a notable media personality capitalizing on his massive physique and a strongman image.Turchinsky was a Master of Sports in sambo and judo. He internationally played American football, and competed in the International Gladiators 1 series under the stage name Dynamite. He held the following Guinness World Records: shifting Antonov An-124 Ruslan, and moving a 20-ton truck over 100 meters.", "Q115685": "Joseph Vonlanthen (born 31 May 1942, in St. Ursen) is a former racing driver from Switzerland. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 17 August 1975, driving a Williams. He retired with engine failure, scoring no championship points.\nVonlanthen started in Formula Vee, before progressing to Formula Three, where he won the Swiss Formula 3 Championship. He found things a little tougher in Formula Two, but managed to secure a seat with Frank Williams for the non-championship Swiss Grand Prix in 1975, where he finished 14th. He also made a World Championship start in the 1975 Austrian Grand Prix. Vonlanthen can be considered lucky to have started this race, as he was only allowed to start when Wilson Fittipaldi suffered an injury in practice which prevented him from taking his place on the grid.\nHe subsequently returned to Formula 2 before disappearing from the sport's higher levels.", "Q92704": "Charles Joseph Colbourn (born October 24, 1953) is a Canadian computer scientist and mathematician, whose research concerns graph algorithms, combinatorial designs, and their applications. From 1996 to 2001 he was the Dorothean Professor of Computer Science at the University of Vermont; since then he has been a professor of Computer Science and Engineering at Arizona State University.Colbourn was born on October 24, 1953, in Toronto, Ontario; despite working in the United States since 1996 he retains his Canadian citizenship. He did his undergraduate studies at the University of Toronto, graduating in 1976; after a master's degree at the University of Waterloo, he returned to Toronto for a Ph.D., which he received in 1980 under the supervision of Derek Corneil. He has held faculty positions at the University of Saskatchewan, University of Waterloo, University of Vermont, and Arizona State University, as well as visiting positions at several other universities. He has been one of three editors-in-chief of the Journal of Combinatorial Designs since 1992.In 2004, the Institute of Combinatorics and its Applications named Colbourn as that year's winner of their Euler Medal for lifetime achievements in combinatorics.", "Q18429": "Fellini's Casanova (Il Casanova di Federico Fellini) is a 1976 Italian film by director Federico Fellini, adapted from the autobiography of Giacomo Casanova, the 18th-century adventurer and writer.\nShot entirely at the Cinecitt\u00e0 studios in Rome, the film won an Academy Award for Best Costume Design, with the Oscar going to Danilo Donati.\nThe film portrays Casanova's life as a journey into sexual abandonment. The narrative presents Casanova's adventures in a detached, methodical fashion, as the respect for which he yearns is constantly undermined by his more basic urges.", "Q380424": "Ihor Pavlyuk (sometimes spelled as Ihor Pawlyuk, Igor Pavlyk, Igor Pavluk; Ukrainian: \u0406\u0301\u0433\u043e\u0440 \u0417\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0456\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0301\u043a, Russian: \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u0417\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044e\u043a, born 1 January 1967 in Uzhova, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian writer, translator and research worker.He is a Winner of a 2013 English PEN Award and a Doctor of Social Communication.Ihor Pavlyuk is a member of the European Society of Authors.", "Q644849": "Pierre Attaingnant (or Attaignant) (c. 1494 \u2013 late 1551 or 1552) was a French music publisher, active in Paris.", "Q1394654": "James Russell Mercer (born December 26, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and musician. He is the founder, vocalist, lead singer-songwriter, and sole remaining original member of the indie rock group The Shins. In 2009, Mercer and producer Danger Mouse formed the side project Broken Bells, for which they released a self-titled album in March 2010, followed by After the Disco in 2014. Mercer also has acted, appearing in Matt McCormick's feature film Some Days Are Better Than Others, which premiered in 2010.", "Q41548": "Jos\u00e9 Antonio Dom\u00ednguez Bandera (born 10 August 1960), known professionally as Antonio Banderas, is a Spanish actor, film producer and director. He is the recipient of numerous accolades, including a Cannes Best Actor Award and nominations for a Tony Award, an Academy Award, two Primetime Emmy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards. \nBanderas began his acting career with a series of films by director Pedro Almod\u00f3var in the 1980s and then appeared in several Hollywood films, such as Philadelphia (1993), Interview with the Vampire (1994), Desperado (1995), Assassins (1995), Evita (1996), and The Mask of Zorro (1998). He also appeared in the Spy Kids series and provided the voice of Puss in Boots in the Shrek franchise as well as its spin-off film Puss in Boots.\nIn 2003, Banderas made his theatre debut as Guido Contini in Nine, for which he was nominated for a Tony Award and won a Drama Desk Award. He received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his roles in the television film And Starring Pancho Villa as Himself (2004) and the second season of Genius (2018); his portrayal of Pablo Picasso in the latter garnered him critical praise. \nFor the 2019 film Pain and Glory, he earned the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor, and received nominations for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor.", "Q711874": "Harvey Fuqua (July 27, 1929 \u2013 July 6, 2010) was an American rhythm and blues singer, songwriter, record producer, and record label executive.\nFuqua founded the seminal R&B/doo-wop group the Moonglows in the 1950s. He is notable as one of the key figures in the development of the Motown label in Detroit, Michigan. His group gave Marvin Gaye a start in his music career. Fuqua and his wife at the time, Gwen Gordy, distributed the first Motown hit single, Barrett Strong's \"Money (That's What I Want)\", on their record label, Anna Records. Fuqua later sold Anna Records to Gwen's brother Berry Gordy and became a songwriter and executive at Motown. He was the nephew of Charlie Fuqua of the Ink Spots and the uncle of the filmmaker Antoine Fuqua.", "Q530816": "Ange-Fran\u00e7ois Fariau (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0251\u0303\u0292 f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa fa\u0281jo]; 13 October 1747 \u2013 8 December 1810) was a French poet and translator.\nFariau was born in Blois, the son of an advisor to the king. He studied in the Jesuit college of Blois, and later at the Sainte-Barbe college in Paris. A prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Turgot, he went on to be a teacher in the Parisian school of rue Saint-Antoine, teaching grammar and later belles-lettres. He became well known for his translations of Ovid's works, especially Metamorphoses. Fariau also penned his own odes and poems. In 1810 he was elected to l'Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise, but died in Paris three months later after a fall.", "Q981856": "Shane Embury (born 27 November 1967) is a British bassist and, since 1987, a member of grindcore and death metal band Napalm Death.", "Q56034": "The Federal Foreign Office (German: Ausw\u00e4rtiges Amt ), abbreviated AA, is the foreign ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany, a federal agency responsible for both the country's foreign policy and its relationship with the European Union. It is a cabinet-level ministry. Since March 2018, Heiko Maas has served as Foreign Minister, succeeding Sigmar Gabriel. The primary seat of the ministry is at the Werderscher Markt square in the Mitte district, the historic centre of Berlin.\nThe term Ausw\u00e4rtiges Amt was the name of the Foreign Office established in 1870 by the North German Confederation, which then became the German Empire's Foreign Office in 1871. It is still the name of the German foreign ministry today. From 1871 to 1919, the Foreign Office was led by a Foreign Secretary, and since 1919, it has been led by the Foreign Minister of Germany.", "Q4899": "Francis bin Fathallah bin Nasrallah Marrash (Arabic: \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0634, ALA-LC: Frans\u012bs bin Fat\u1e25 All\u0101h bin Na\u1e63r All\u0101h Marr\u0101sh; 1835, 1836, or 1837 \u2013 1873 or 1874), also known as Francis al-Marrash or Francis Marrash al-Halabi, was a Syrian scholar, publicist, writer and poet of the Nahda or the Arab Renaissance, and a physician. Most of his works revolve around science, history and religion, analysed under an epistemological light. He traveled throughout Western Asia and France in his youth, and after some medical training and a year of practice in his native Aleppo, during which he wrote several works, he enrolled in a medical school in Paris; yet, declining health and growing blindness forced him to return to Aleppo, where he produced more literary works until his early death.\nHistorian Matti Moosa considered Marrash to be the first truly cosmopolitan Arab intellectual and writer of modern times. Marrash adhered to the principles of the French Revolution and defended them in his own works, implicitly criticizing Ottoman rule in Western Asia and North Africa. He was also influential in introducing French romanticism in the Arab world, especially through his use of poetic prose and prose poetry, of which his writings were the first examples in modern Arabic literature, according to Salma Khadra Jayyusi and Shmuel Moreh. His modes of thinking and feeling, and ways of expressing them, have had a lasting influence on contemporary Arab thought and on the Mahjari poets.", "Q49114": "Brown University is a private Ivy League research university in Providence, Rhode Island. Founded in 1764 as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, it is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution.At its foundation, Brown was the first college in the U.S. to accept students regardless of their religious affiliation. Its engineering program was established in 1847. It was one of the early doctoral-granting U.S. institutions in the late 19th century, adding masters and doctoral studies in 1887. In 1969, Brown adopted a New Curriculum sometimes referred to as the Brown Curriculum after a period of student lobbying. The New Curriculum eliminated mandatory \"general education\" distribution requirements, made students \"the architects of their own syllabus\" and allowed them to take any course for a grade of satisfactory or unrecorded no-credit. In 1971, Brown's coordinate women's institution, Pembroke College, was fully merged into the university; Pembroke Campus now includes dormitories and classrooms used by all of Brown.\nUndergraduate admissions is highly selective, with an acceptance rate of 6.9 percent for the class of 2024. The university comprises the College, the Graduate School, Alpert Medical School, the School of Engineering, the School of Public Health and the School of Professional Studies (which includes the IE Brown Executive MBA program). Brown's international programs are organized through the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, and the university is academically affiliated with the Marine Biological Laboratory and the Rhode Island School of Design. The Brown/RISD Dual Degree Program, offered in conjunction with the Rhode Island School of Design, is a five-year course that awards degrees from both institutions.\nBrown's main campus is located in the College Hill Historic District in the city of Providence, Rhode Island. The university's neighborhood is a federally listed architectural district with a dense concentration of Colonial-era buildings. Benefit Street, on the western edge of the campus, contains \"one of the finest cohesive collections of restored seventeenth- and eighteenth-century architecture in the United States\".As of November 2019, 8 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with Brown University as alumni, faculty, or researchers. In addition, Brown's faculty and alumni include 5 National Humanities Medalists and 10 National Medal of Science laureates. Other notable alumni include 8 billionaire graduates, a U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, 4 U.S. Secretaries of State and other Cabinet officials, 54 members of the United States Congress, 56 Rhodes Scholars, 52 Gates Cambridge Scholars, 49 Marshall Scholars, 14 MacArthur Genius Fellows, 23 Pulitzer Prize winners, various royals and nobles, as well as leaders and founders of Fortune 500 companies.\n\n", "Q1033453": "Dezs\u0151 \u00c1kos Hamza (1 September 1903 - 16 May 1993) was a Hungarian film director. He directed more than ten films from 1941 to 1956.", "Q115691": "Jacques Louis C\u00e9sar Alexandre Randon, 1st Count Randon (25 March 1795 \u2013 16 January 1871) was a French military and political leader, also Marshal of France and governor of Algeria.", "Q211329": "Temistocle Solera (25 December 1815 \u2013 21 April 1878) was an Italian opera composer and librettist.", "Q432973": "Maureen Ann Collins (born July 7, 1965) is an American actress and comedian, known professionally as Mo Collins. She is perhaps best known for being a member of the ensemble on FOX's sketch comedy series Mad TV. Collins became well known for several characters during her tenure on the show.\nShe was a cast member from the 4th season (1998) through the 9th season (2004); she only appeared in fourteen episodes during season 9 due to contractual reasons. She returned to Mad TV in the 10th season for one episode, and again when she made an appearance on the 300th episode doing her popular character Lorraine Swanson. Her best known role following her departure from Mad TV was as morning talk show host Joan Callamezzo on the sitcom Parks and Recreation.", "Q16410": "The Hungarian People's Republic (Hungarian: Magyar N\u00e9pk\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g) was a one-party socialist republic from 20 August 1949\nto 23 October 1989.\nIt was governed by the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, which was under the influence of the Soviet Union. Pursuant to the 1944 Moscow Conference, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin had agreed that after the war Hungary was to be included in the Soviet sphere of influence. The HPR remained in existence until 1989, when opposition forces brought the end of communism in Hungary.\nThe state was considered itself the heir to the Republic of Councils in Hungary, which was formed in 1919 as the first communist state created after the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR). It was designated a people's democratic republic by the Soviet Union in the 1940s. Geographically, it bordered Romania and the Soviet Union (via the Ukrainian SSR) to the east; Yugoslavia to the southwest; Czechoslovakia to the north and Austria to the west. \nHaving emasculated most of the other parties, the Communists spent the next year and a half consolidating their hold on power. This culminated in October 1947, when the Communists told their non-Communist coalition partners that they had to cooperate with a reconfigured coalition government if they wanted to stay in the country. In June 1948 the Communists forced the Social Democrats to merge with them to form the Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP). However, the few independent-minded Social Democrats were quickly shunted aside, leaving the MDP as a renamed and enlarged Communist Party. R\u00e1kosi then forced Tildy to turn over the presidency to Social Democrat-turned-Communist \u00c1rp\u00e1d Szakasits. In December, Dinny\u00e9s was replaced by the leader of the Smallholders' left wing, the openly pro-Communist Istv\u00e1n Dobi. The process was more or less completed with the elections of May 1949. Voters were presented with a single list of all parties, running on a common programme. On 18 August, the newly elected National Assembly passed a new constitution\u2014a near-carbon copy of the Soviet Constitution. When it was officially promulgated on 20 August, the country was renamed the People's Republic of Hungary.\nThe same political dynamics continued through the years, with the Soviet Union pressing and maneuvering Hungarian politics through the Hungarian Communist Party, intervening whenever it needed to, through military coercion and covert operations. Rajk called it \"a dictatorship of the proletariat without the Soviet form\" called a \"people's democracy.\" Political repression and economic decline led to a nationwide popular uprising in October-November 1956 known as the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, which was the largest single act of dissent in the history of the Eastern Bloc. After initially allowing the Revolution to run its course, the Soviet Union sent thousands of troops and tanks to crush the opposition and install a new Soviet-controlled government, killing thousands of Hungarians and driving hundreds of thousands into exile. But by the early 1960s, the government had considerably relaxed its line, implementing a unique form of semi-liberal Communism known as \"Goulash Communism\". The state allowed in certain Western consumer and cultural products, gave Hungarians greater freedom to travel abroad, and significantly rolled back the secret police state. These measures earned Hungary the moniker of the \"merriest barrack in the socialist camp\" during the 1960s and 1970s. One of the longest-serving leaders of the 20ths century, K\u00e1d\u00e1r would finally retire in 1988 after being forced from office by even more pro-reform forces amidst and economic downturn.\nHungary stayed that way until the late 1980s, when turmoil broke out across the Eastern Bloc, culminating with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union's dissolution.", "Q70795": "Walter Arthur Alexander Anderson (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d, romanized: Val'ter Nikolaevi\u010d Anderson; October 10 [O.S. September 28] 1885 \u2013 23 August 1962) was a Baltic German ethnologist (folklorist) and numismatist.", "Q664541": "The Kreis Thusis forms, together with the sub-districts of Avers, Domleschg, Rheinwald and Schams, the Bezirk (\"district\") Hinterrhein of the Canton Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. The district office is located in Thusis.", "Q229": "Cyprus ( (listen); Greek: \u039a\u03cd\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 [\u02c8cipros]; Turkish: K\u0131br\u0131s [\u02c8k\u026fb\u027e\u026fs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: \u039a\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, lit.\u2009'Cypriot Republic'; Turkish: K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti, lit.\u2009'Republic of Cyprus'), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean. It is the third-largest, and the third-most populous island in the Mediterranean, located south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, north of Israel, the Palestinian region of the Gaza Strip and Egypt, and southeast of Greece.\nThe earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC. As a strategic location in the Middle East, it was subsequently occupied by several major powers, including the empires of the Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians, from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great. Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt, the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire, Arab caliphates for a short period, the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians, was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 (de jure until 1914).Cyprus was placed under the UK's administration based on the Cyprus Convention in 1878 and was formally annexed by the UK in 1914. While Turkish Cypriots made up 18% of the population, the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and Turkey in the 1950s. Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an \"extension of Anatolia\" by them; while, since the 19th century, the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece, which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s. Following nationalist violence in the 1950s, Cyprus was granted independence in 1960. The crisis of 1963\u201364 brought further intercommunal violence between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, which displaced more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots into enclaves and brought the end of Turkish Cypriot representation in the republic. On 15 July 1974, a coup d'\u00e9tat was staged by Greek Cypriot nationalists and elements of the Greek military junta in an attempt at enosis, the incorporation of Cyprus into Greece. This action precipitated the Turkish invasion of Cyprus on 20 July, which led to the capture of the present-day territory of Northern Cyprus in the following month, after a ceasefire collapsed, and the displacement of over 150,000 Greek Cypriots and 50,000 Turkish Cypriots. A separate Turkish Cypriot state in the north was established by unilateral declaration in 1983; the move was widely condemned by the international community, with Turkey alone recognising the new state. These events and the resulting political situation are matters of a continuing dispute.\nThe Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the entire island, including its territorial waters and exclusive economic zone, with the exception of the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, which remain under the UK's control according to the London and Z\u00fcrich Agreements. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts: the area under the effective control of the Republic, located in the south and west and comprising about 59% of the island's area, and the north, administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, covering about 36% of the island's area. Another nearly 4% of the island's area is covered by the UN buffer zone. The international community considers the northern part of the island to be territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces. The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law and amounting to illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus became a member of the European Union.Cyprus is a major tourist destination in the Mediterranean. With an advanced, high-income economy and a very high Human Development Index, the Republic of Cyprus has been a member of the Commonwealth since 1961 and was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement until it joined the European Union on 1 May 2004. On 1 January 2008, the Republic of Cyprus joined the eurozone.", "Q47139": "Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107 (Serbo-Croatian: [slob\u01d2dan mil\u01d2\u02d0\u0283e\u028bit\u0255] (listen); Serbian Cyrillic: \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0438\u045b; 20 August 1941 \u2013 11 March 2006) was a Yugoslav and Serbian politician and statesman who served as the President of Serbia (originally the Socialist Republic of Serbia, a constituent republic within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) from 1989 to 1991 and within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1991 to 1997, and President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1997 to 2000. He led the Socialist Party of Serbia from its foundation in 1990 and rose to power as Serbian President during efforts to reform the 1974 Constitution of Yugoslavia in response to alleged marginalization of Serbia, views that the powers of Serbia's autonomous provinces were too strong making them almost independent from Serbia, and claims of political incapacity to deter Albanian separatist unrest in Serbia's autonomous province of Kosovo.\nMilo\u0161evi\u0107's presidency of Serbia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was marked by several major reforms to Serbia's constitution from the 1980s to the 1990s that reduced the powers of the autonomous provinces in Serbia. In 1990 Serbia transitioned from a Titoist one-party system to a multi-party system and attempted reforms to the 1974 Constitution of Yugoslavia. The constituent republics of the country split apart amid the outbreak of wars, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was founded by the former Yugoslav republics of Serbia and Montenegro. Milo\u0161evi\u0107 negotiated the Dayton Agreement on behalf of the Bosnian Serbs, which ended the Bosnian War in 1995.\nDuring the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999, Milo\u0161evi\u0107 was charged by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) with war crimes in connection to the wars in Bosnia, Croatia, and Kosovo. He became the first sitting head of state to be charged with war crimes. Milo\u0161evi\u0107 resigned from the Yugoslav presidency amid demonstrations following the disputed presidential election of 24 September 2000, and he was arrested by Yugoslav federal authorities on 31 March 2001 on suspicion of corruption, abuse of power, and embezzlement. The initial investigation into Milo\u0161evi\u0107 faltered for lack of evidence, prompting the Serbian Prime Minister Zoran \u0110in\u0111i\u0107 to extradite him to the ICTY to stand trial for charges of war crimes instead. At the outset of the trial, Milo\u0161evi\u0107 denounced the Tribunal as illegal because it had not been established with the consent of the United Nations General Assembly; therefore he refused to appoint counsel for his defence. Milo\u0161evi\u0107 conducted his own defence in the five-year-long trial, which ended without a verdict when he died in his prison cell in The Hague on 11 March 2006. Milo\u0161evi\u0107 suffered from heart ailments and hypertension, and died of a heart attack. The Tribunal denied any responsibility for Milo\u0161evi\u0107's death and stated that he had refused to take prescribed medicines and medicated himself instead.After Milo\u0161evi\u0107's death, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) concluded separately in the Bosnian Genocide Case that there was no evidence linking him to genocide committed by Bosnian Serb forces during the Bosnian War. However, the Court did find that Milo\u0161evi\u0107 and others in Serbia had committed a breach of the Genocide Convention by failing to prevent the genocide from occurring and for not cooperating with the ICTY in punishing the perpetrators of the genocide, in particular General Ratko Mladi\u0107, and for violating its obligation to comply with the provisional measures ordered by the Court. Milo\u0161evi\u0107's rule has been described by observers as authoritarian or autocratic, as well as kleptocratic, with numerous accusations of electoral frauds, political assassinations, suppression of press freedom and police brutality.\n\n", "Q51983": "Danilo \u00c1ngel Astori Saragosa (born April 23, 1940) is a Uruguayan social democratic politician who was Vice President of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015. On March 4, 2015, Astori took office as Minister of Economics and Finance, a post he previously held from 2005 to 2008. He is the main leader of the Asamblea Uruguay party, which is part of the ruling centre-left Broad Front.\nIn 1965 he undertook a course of Development and Planning of the UN, in Santiago de Chile. Two years later he integrated a seminar on statistical indicators of agricultural development organized by FAO and the government of the Soviet Union in Moscow.\nHe was a professor of the Faculty of Economic Sciences of the University of the Republic, of which he was dean in 1973.\nAfter the military dictatorship, he resumed the position during the period of 1985\u20131989.", "Q181782": "Nnamdi Azikiwe, PC (16 November 1904 \u2013 11 May 1996), usually referred to as \"Zik\", was a Nigerian statesman who was Governor General of Nigeria from 1960 to 1963 and the first President of Nigeria from 1963 to 1966 (when Nigeria became a republic). Considered a driving force behind the nation's independence, he came to be known as the \"father of Nigerian Nationalism\". \nBorn to Igbo parents in Zungeru in present-day Niger State, as a young boy he learned to speak Hausa (the main indigenous language of the Northern Region). Azikiwe was later sent to live with his aunt and grandmother in Onitsha (his parental homeland), where he learned the Igbo language. A stay in Lagos exposed him to the Yoruba language; by the time he was in college, he had been exposed to different Nigerian cultures and spoke three languages (an asset as president). Azikiwe travelled to the United States where he was known as Ben Azikiwe and attended Storer College, Columbia University, the University of Pennsylvania and Howard University. He contacted colonial authorities with a request to represent Nigeria at the Los Angeles Olympics. He returned to Africa in 1934, where he began work as a journalist in the Gold Coast. In British West Africa, he advocated Nigerian and African nationalism as a journalist and a political leader.\n\n", "Q115849": "Horace Fran\u00e7ois Bastien S\u00e9bastiani de La Porta (Corsican: Oraziu Francescu Bastianu Sebastiani De A Porta; 11 November 1771 \u2013 20 July 1851) was a French soldier, diplomat, and politician, who served as Naval Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Minister of State under the July Monarchy.\nHaving joined the French Revolutionary Army in his youth, S\u00e9bastiani rose through its ranks before becoming a supporter of Napoleon Bonaparte. S\u00e9bastiani was the French Consulate's emissary to The Levant, notably drafting plans to reconquer Ottoman Egypt, and later served as the Empire's Ambassador to The Porte. In the latter capacity, he attempted to increase French influence and signaled pro-Russian activities in the Danubian Principalities, thus provoking the War of 1806\u20131812. In 1807, S\u00e9bastiani organized the defense of Constantinople during the Dardanelles Operation. Recalled due to British pressure after the deposition of Selim III, he served in the Peninsular War and resided in the Alhambra, took part in the unsuccessful invasion of Russia, and defended the Champagne region in front of the Sixth Coalition.\nS\u00e9bastiani recognized the Bourbon Restoration, but rallied with Napoleon during the Hundred Days, being elected to the Chamber for the first time in 1815. Briefly exiled after the return of King Louis XVIII, he was again admitted as a Deputy in 1819, sitting with the Left faction, supporting liberal politics, and coming into conflict with the Jean-Baptiste de Vill\u00e8le Cabinet. After the July Revolution, he endorsed Louis-Philippe. S\u00e9bastiani's time as Foreign Minister saw France's involvement in the Belgian Revolution, its refusal to sanction the November Uprising, the controversial solution to a commercial dispute with the United States, and the French occupation of Ancona. In later years, he progressed in French Government service as an ambassador.\nThe 1847 murder of his daughter, Francoise, Duchess de Praslin indirectly helped spark the 1848 Revolution.", "Q60586": "Barthold Georg Niebuhr (27 August 1776 \u2013 2 January 1831) was a Danish\u2013German statesman, banker, and historian who became Germany's leading historian of Ancient Rome and a founding father of modern scholarly historiography. Classical Rome (rather than Greece) caught the admiration of German thinkers. By 1810 Niebuhr was inspiring German patriotism in students at the University of Berlin by his analysis of Roman economy and government. Niebuhr was a leader of the Romantic era and symbol of German national spirit that emerged after the defeat at Jena. But he was also deeply rooted in the classical spirit of the Age of Enlightenment in his intellectual presuppositions, his use of philologic analysis, and his emphasis on both general and particular phenomena in history.", "Q309214": "Norman Frederick Jewison (born July 21, 1926) is a Canadian former film director, producer, actor, and founder of the Canadian Film Centre. He has directed numerous feature films and has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director three times in three separate decades for In the Heat of the Night (1967), Fiddler on the Roof (1971) and Moonstruck (1987). Other highlights of his directing career include The Cincinnati Kid (1965), The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966), The Thomas Crown Affair (1968), Jesus Christ Superstar (1973), Rollerball (1975), F.I.S.T. (1978), ...And Justice for All (1979), A Soldier's Story (1984), Agnes of God (1985), Other People's Money (1991), The Hurricane (1999), and The Statement (2003).\nJewison has addressed important social and political issues throughout his directing and producing career, often making controversial or complicated subjects accessible to mainstream audiences. He has won accolades around the world, including numerous Golden Globe nominations, a BAFTA Award, the Silver Bear for Best Director at the Berlin Film Festival, Lifetime Achievement Awards from both the Directors Guild of Canada and America, and the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award at the 71st annual Academy Awards.In 2003, Jewison received the Governor General's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement for his multiple contributions to the film industry in Canada.", "Q233836": "Nevado Ojos del Salado is an active stratovolcano in the Andes on the Argentina\u2013Chile border and the highest active volcano in the world at 6,893 m (22,615 ft). It is also the second highest mountain in both the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere behind Aconcagua at approximately 7,000 meters (22,966 ft) and it is the highest in Chile. Nevado Ojos del Salado is translated to Snowy Salty Eyes describing it being very snowy in the winter and salty with many lakes. \nDue to its location near the Atacama Desert, the mountain has very dry conditions, with snow usually only remaining on the peak during winter, though heavy storms can cover the surrounding area with a few feet of snow even in summer. Despite the generally dry conditions, there is a permanent crater lake about 100 m (330 ft) in diameter at an elevation of 6,390 m (20,960 ft) on the eastern side of the mountain. This is most likely the highest lake of any kind in the world.\nThe ascent of Ojos del Salado is mostly a hike except for the final section to the summit which is a difficult scramble that may require ropes. The first ascent was made in 1937 by Jan Alfred Szczepa\u0144ski and Justyn Wojsznis, members of a Polish expedition in the Andes.\nIts name, meaning roughly \"Eyes of the Salty One\" in Spanish, comes from the enormous deposits of salt that, in the form of lagoons or \u201ceyes\u201d, appear in its glaciers. An international highway between Chile and Argentina runs north of the mountain.", "Q7532146": "Situation Two (a.k.a. Situation 2) was a British independent record label founded in 1981 by Peter Kent as an offshoot of the Beggars Banquet label. At the time, Beggars Banquet releases were often distributed by WEA; to appeal to the indie audience and to get releases into the UK Indie Chart, Situation Two, as well as its sister label 4AD (which Kent had co-founded a year earlier with Ivo Watts-Russell, but soon left), were created.\nDuring its 11-year history, Situation Two came to prominence as the home for a varied number of indie favourites. These included Madchester band the Charlatans, early incarnations of the Cult, Bauhaus side project Tones on Tail, the solo work of former Bauhaus member David J, and cult bands like the Associates, Fields Of The Nephilim, Thee Hypnotics, Gene Loves Jezebel, Play Dead, Red Lorry Yellow Lorry and Buffalo Tom.\nWhen Situation Two was dissolved in 1992, many of the roster's releases were then issued on the parent Beggars Banquet label, and several were later included on the 1999 Beggars compilation album Pspyched!.", "Q441745": "Jessie Ralph Patton (born Chambers, November 5, 1864 \u2013 May 30, 1944), known as Jessie Ralph, was an American stage and screen actress, best known for her matronly roles in many classic movies.\nShe was born in Gloucester, Massachusetts, in 1864 and made her acting debut in stock theater in 1880 at age 16. On Broadway, George M. Cohan cast her in many of his musicals, but she also appeared in dramatic roles. Her Broadway debut came in The Kreutzer Sonata (1906), and her final appearance on Broadway came in The Good Earth (1932).Ralph debuted in two-reel films in New York in 1915 and went to Hollywood in 1933. in a motion picture career that eventually spanned 25 years, she became a permanent Hollywood actress in 1933. She was nearly 70 at this time, so her parts were limited to matronly roles, but her expertise at stealing scenes captured the imagination of cinema-goers of the time. Her best-known roles are as Greta Garbo's maid in Camille, as W.C. Fields' battle-axe of a mother-in-law in The Bank Dick, as Myrna Loy's supercilious Aunt Katherine in After the Thin Man, and as Nurse Peggotty in David Copperfield. She starred in 55 movies altogether, 52 between 1933 and 1941.", "Q495272": "Lim Jeong-hyun (born July 5, 1984), also known by the online alias funtwo, is a South Korean guitarist known for his cover of the piece Canon Rock.", "Q44430": "Vincent Kennedy McMahon (; born August 24, 1945) is an American professional wrestling promoter and executive, American football executive, and billionaire businessman. He has worked in the corporate area of the WWE and behind the scenes since taking over the company from his father in 1982. He is the majority owner, chairman and CEO of WWE, and the founder and owner of Alpha Entertainment, which is the holding company of the XFL, an American football league.McMahon has also served as an announcer and professional wrestler in WWE\u2014using a gimmick known by the ring name Mr. McMahon, based on his real-life persona. He is a two-time world champion, having won the WWF Championship in 1999 and the ECW World Championship in 2007. He was the 1999 Royal Rumble winner. He headlined multiple WWF/WWE pay-per-view events from 1999 to 2000 and participated in the main event of WrestleMania 2000 as a cornerman for The Rock. In singles competition, he holds victories over former WWF/WWE Champions Ric Flair, The Undertaker, Shawn Michaels and Triple H. He continues his backstage and on-screen roles as the main authority figure along with the rest of the McMahon family.\nBefore this, he was the broadcast color commentator and later chief broadcaster for the company until 1997.\nA third-generation wrestling promoter (following his grandfather Jess and father Vincent), McMahon is married to former WWE CEO and former American SBA Administrator Linda McMahon, with whom he has two children, son Shane and daughter Stephanie. He is the father-in-law of WWE executive/wrestler Paul \"Triple H\" Levesque and has six grandchildren.", "Q460953": "Melissa Ann Francis (born December 12, 1972) is an American actress and commentator for the Fox Business Network (FBN) and Fox News (FNC).\nPrior to FBN, she worked at CNBC. She is currently the co-host of After The Bell weekday afternoons with Connell MacShane. She is also an anchor of FNC's Happening Now newscast. She is a regular panelist on FNC's afternoon talk show Outnumbered.", "Q88748": "Johann Heinrich Christoph Willibald Beyschlag (5 September 1823 \u2013 25 November 1900 in Halle an der Saale) was a German theologian from Frankfurt am Main.", "Q254675": "Princess Natalia Pavlovna Paley (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439; 5 December 1905 \u2013 27 December 1981) was a Russian aristocrat who was a non-dynastic member of the Romanov family. A daughter of Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia, she was a first cousin of the last Russian emperor, Nicholas II. After the Russian Revolution, she emigrated first to France and later to the United States. She became a fashion model, socialite, vendeuse, and briefly pursued a career as a film actress.", "Q171303": "Zeno of Citium (; Greek: \u0396\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41 \u039a\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2, Z\u0113n\u014dn ho Kitieus; c. 334 \u2013 c. 262 BC) was a Hellenistic philosopher of Phoenician origin from Citium (\u039a\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, Kition), Cyprus. Zeno was the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy, which he taught in Athens from about 300 BC. Based on the moral ideas of the Cynics, Stoicism laid great emphasis on goodness and peace of mind gained from living a life of Virtue in accordance with Nature. It proved very popular, and flourished as one of the major schools of philosophy from the Hellenistic period through to the Roman era.", "Q959583": "Schlager music (German: [\u02c8\u0283la\u02d0\u0261\u0250], \"hit(s)\") is a style of European popular music that is generally a catchy instrumental accompaniment to vocal pieces of pop music with simple, happy-go-lucky, and often sentimental lyrics. It is prevalent in Central, Northern and Southeast Europe (in particular Germany, Austria, Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Switzerland, Scandinavia, and the Baltic States), and also (to a lesser extent) in France, Belgium, Netherlands, and the UK. In the United States it is also known as 'entertainer music' or 'German hit mix'.\n\nTypical schlager tracks are either sweet, sentimental ballads with a simple, catchy melody or light pop tunes. Lyrics typically center on love, relationships, and feelings. The northern variant of schlager (notably in Finland) has taken elements from Nordic and Slavic folk songs, with lyrics tending towards melancholic and elegiac themes. Musically, schlager bears similarities to styles such as easy listening.\nThe German word Schlager (itself a calque of the English word hit) is also a loanword in some other languages (such as Hungarian, Lithuanian, Russian, Hebrew, and Romanian, for example), where it retained its meaning of a \"(musical) hit\". The style has been frequently represented at the Eurovision Song Contest and has been popular since the contest began in 1956, although it is gradually being replaced by other pop music styles.\nOver time, schlager music has gradually shifted on to electronic music rather than generic pop music, due to its widespread use of synthesizers throughout its various implementations in recent decades.", "Q75835": "Norbert Jacques (6 June 1880 \u2013 15 May 1954) was a Luxembourgish novelist, journalist, and screenwriter who wrote in German. He was born in Luxembourg-Eich, Luxembourg and died in Koblenz, West Germany. He created the character Doctor Mabuse who was a feature of some of his novels, including \"Mabuse's Colony\". Jacques is known best for his work for German cinema. He is credited with writing the scripts for 16 films made between 1922 and 1990. In 1922 he received German citizenship.", "Q204042": "George McFarland (October 2, 1928 \u2013 June 30, 1993) was an American actor most famous for his appearances as a child as Spanky in the Our Gang series of short-subject comedies of the 1930s and 1940s. The Our Gang shorts were later syndicated to television as The Little Rascals.", "Q1028715": "Cameron Peter Daddo (born 7 March 1965) is an Australian actor, musician and presenter.", "Q52252": "Ruth Erat (born August 3, 1951) is a Swiss teacher, author, painter, and politician.", "Q286733": "Jimena \"Ximena\" Navarrete Rosete (born February 22, 1988) is a Mexican actress, television host, model and beauty queen who won Miss Universe 2010, becoming the second Mexican to do so. She was previously named as Nuestra Belleza M\u00e9xico 2009.", "Q9365": "Dushanbe (Tajik: \u0414\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043d\u0431\u0435, IPA: [du\u0283\u00e6m\u02c8be]; meaning Monday in Persian, Russian: \u0414\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043d\u0431\u0435, tr. Dushanbe) is the capital and largest city of Tajikistan. It was named this way because it grew from a village that originally had a popular market on Mondays. As of 2016, Dushanbe had a population of 802,700.\nHistorically a small village, Dushanbe was made the capital of the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924. Until 1929, the city was known in Russian as Dyushambe (Russian: \u0414\u044e\u0448\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0435, Dyushambe), and from 1929 to 1961 as Stalinabad (Tajik: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434, Stalinobod), after Joseph Stalin.", "Q5563216": "Gino Corrado (9 February 1893 \u2013 23 December 1982) was an Italian-born film actor. He appeared in nearly 400 films between 1916 and 1954, almost always in small roles as a character actor.", "Q245778": "Miko\u0142aj Kozakiewicz (1923, Slonim \u2013 1998) was a Polish politician, publicist and sociologist.\nMember of United People's Party, deputy to the last communist Sejm (1985\u20131989). Member of the Polish Round Table Agreement from the government side. Later joined the Polish People's Party and Partia Ludowo-Demokratyczna, member of Sejms 1989\u20131991 and 1991\u20131993. Marshal of the Sejm in the Contract Sejm (10th and the last communist Sejm), from 23 June 1989 to 24 November 1991.\nProfessor, author of many articles and books, mostly from the realm of sociology. Activist in many non-governmental organizations, he supported the homosexual rights movement and legalization of soft drugs.", "Q1398708": "Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy (born 20 August 1946) is an Indian billionaire businessman, and philanthropist. He is the co-founder of Infosys, and has been chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), president, and chief mentor, before retiring and taking the title chairman emeritus.Murthy was born and raised in Shidlaghatta, Karnataka. He graduated from National Institute of Engineering, University of Mysore with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering and a master's from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur.\nBefore starting Infosys, Murthy worked with Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad as chief systems programmer, and Patni Computer Systems in Pune (Maharashtra). He started Infosys in 1981 and was its CEO from 1981 to 2002, and chairman from 2002 to 2011. In 2011, he stepped down from the board and became chairman emeritus. In June 2013, Murthy was appointed as executive chairman for a period of five years.Murthy has been listed among the 12 greatest entrepreneurs of our time by Fortune magazine. He has been described as the \"father of the Indian IT sector\" by Time magazine due to his contribution to outsourcing in India. Murthy has been honoured with the Padma Vibhushan and Padma Shri awards. He is the father-in-law of Rishi Sunak, the British MP and Chancellor of the Exchequer.", "Q469977": "Maria Solheim (born 19 January 1982 in Alsv\u00e5g, \u00d8ksnes, Vester\u00e5len) is a Norwegian singer-songwriter. She was discovered at 15 years old, by a travelling musician, singing her own songs in a small fishing village. She has released 5 solo albums.", "Q214537": "Friedrich Emil Rittershaus (3 April 1834 \u2013 8 March 1897) was a German poet.\n\n", "Q359345": "Dave Benton (born 31 January 1951, birth name Efr\u00e9n Eugene Benita) is a pop musician from Aruba who lives in Estonia. He is one of the 2001 winners of the Eurovision Song Contest. At the age of 50 years and 101 days at the time of his victory, Benton is the oldest singer ever to win Eurovision.\n\n", "Q1986496": "Panthongtae Shinawatra (born December 2, 1979) (Thai: \u0e1e\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e17\u0e49 \u0e0a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23; RTGS: Phanthongthae Chinnawat), nickname Oak, is the only son of former Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra.\nHe became a billionaire after having been given a large portion of his father's stock in Shin Corporation which transferred to him shortly before Thaksin ascended to the position of prime minister.\nPanthongtae was admitted to the Faculty of Engineering at Thammasat University in 1998. However, he dropped out after one year. In 2000, he enrolled in Ramkhamhaeng University, an open admission government university, where he studied political science. In August 2002, his studies attracted media attention when he was accused of cheating in an exam. A three-week university investigation concluded that Panthongtae had made a mistake by carrying unrelated notes into the exam room and he was cleared of wrongdoing, yet he automatically failed the political science subject he was sitting. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in 2003.\nAn amateur photographer, Panthongtae founded a production company called How Come Entertainment, which was awarded an exclusive advertising contract for the MRT and many other government contracts when his father was prime minister. This caused controversy and drew charges of nepotism, as How Come was a new firm and the advertising concession for the subway had previously been awarded to the long established Triad Networks Company.In early 2006, Panthongtae was involved in his family's sale of Shin Corporation stock to Temasek Holdings of Singapore. Thailand's Securities and Exchange Commission ruled that Panthongtae, as director of Ample Rich Investments (a shell company set up in the British Virgin Islands to control Shin stock), had failed to properly notify the regulators of his holdings in Shin and sale of Shin shares, in transactions that occurred in 2000, 2001 and 2002.Prasong Vinaiphiat, deputy director of the Thailand Securities and Exchange Commission, said: \"The case is not severe because Panthongtae did inform the SEC but his report was not totally correct.\" He was fined 5.982 million baht (about 150,000USD) for three violations of the Securities and Exchange Act.\nIn November 2009, Panthongtae founding Voice TV (internet TV) with 300 million Baht.", "Q6730": "Perpignan (, US: , French: [p\u025b\u0281pi\u0272\u0251\u0303] (listen); Catalan: Perpiny\u00e0 [p\u0259\u027epi\u02c8\u0272a]) is the prefecture of the Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Orientales department in Southwest France, and the centre of the metropolitan area Perpignan Mediterran\u00e9e M\u00e9tropole. Perpignan was the capital of the former province and County of Roussillon (Rossell\u00f3 in Catalan) and continental capital of the Kingdom of Majorca in the 13th and 14th centuries.\nIn 2016 Perpignan had 121,875 inhabitants (Perpignanais(e) in French, Perpinyan\u00e9s(a) in Catalan) in the commune proper, and the metropolitan area had a total population of 268,577.", "Q63931": "Stans (German pronunciation: [\u0283tans]) is the capital of the canton of Nidwalden (Nidwald) in Switzerland.\nThe official language of Stans is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q89330": "For the New York politician, see Martin S. Auer.Martin Auer is an Austrian writer.He was born in Vienna in 1951. After finishing school, he started but never finished the study of German and History. He was an actor, a singer-songwriter, a journalist, and a magician, before he published his first book in 1986. Since then, he has published more than 40 titles, about two thirds for children. He has been awarded several prizes, among them the Austrian National Prize for Children's Literature in 1994, 1998, and 2000. He has been nominated for the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1997, and has been made an Honorary Professor in 2005.\nHis book, Der seltsame Krieg (The Strange War), is available on the Internet in more than 20 languages. In print, it has been published in German (ISBN 3 407 78436 8), Korean, Persian (ISBN 964 7418 55 8), and Arabic (ISBN 977 304 102 6).\nSince 2002, Martin Auer has been a regular contributor to New Delhi's Parenting magazine.", "Q242771": "Shanica Channell Knowles (born November 17, 1990) also known simply as Shanica, is an American actress and singer, best known for her roles as Amber Addison on Hannah Montana, Shauna Keaton on Jump In!, and Vanessa on Unfabulous. She is also known for playing Tichina Arnold on Surviving Compton: Dre, Suge & Michel'le, Simone Burch on The Young and the Restless, and Tahlia on Life-Size 2. Despite numerous reports and sharing the last name, she has stated that she is unaware of any relation to singers Beyonc\u00e9 and Solange Knowles.", "Q1132981": "Nasty Suicide (born Jan-Markus Stenfors on 27 February 1963) is a Finnish musician. He is most famous for being one of the founding members of Hanoi Rocks, the group's rhythm guitarist between 1979 and 1985. Hanoi Rocks was a Finnish rock band that combined elements of punk, glam rock, rock and roll, and blues. Before his tenure in Hanoi Rocks, Suicide played guitar in a Finnish punk band called Briard in the late 1970s. Suicide replaced Andy McCoy in Briard after McCoy joined Pelle Miljoona Oy. After the breakup of Hanoi Rocks in 1985, he and his former bandmate Andy McCoy recorded an acoustic album under the name The Suicide Twins which was released in 1986 and was titled Silver Missiles and Nightingales. At the same time McCoy and Suicide started The Cherry Bombz, which included Timo Caltio on bass (later replaced by Dave Tregunna), Terry Chimes on drums and singer Anita Chellemah. The Cherry Bombz released two EPs: The Cherry Bombz (1985) and House Of Ecstasy (1986) as well as a live album, Coming Down Slow (1986). After The Cherry Bombz Nasty went on to form his own band Cheap and Nasty, which was active from 1990 to 1994.\nIn 1988 Suicide made a short appearance in Guns N' Roses' music video for \"Paradise City\".\nNasty Suicide also appears on Michael Monroe's second solo album Not Fakin' It, released in 1989, as a co-writer and guitarist. Suicide was also a member of Monroe's band Demolition 23 in the early nineties, in which he replaced original guitarist Jay Hening. After the breakup of Demolition 23, Suicide recorded an album under his given name, titled Vinegar Blood, in 1996; it was released in Finland only.\nSuicide retired from the rock scene in the mid-nineties and moved back to Finland (which was the reason why Demolition 23 broke up), where he finally finished his studies in high school. After graduating from high school, he educated himself as a pharmacist and currently works in a drug company in Finland. Suicide made a few guest appearances with the reformed Hanoi Rocks in the 2000s.In 2010 Suicide also played a show with Michael Monroe in August 2010 at Ankkarock Festival replacing Steve Conte who had to cancel due to family reasons. Since then, he has made some guest appearances with Monroe's band.", "Q669703": "Ferdinand K\u00fcrnberger (3 July 1821, Vienna \u2013 14 October 1879, Munich) was an Austrian writer.\nHe was one of the most influential writers of Viennese literature in the sixties and seventies of the 19th century. He is now known mainly for his participation in the revolution of 1848, which would oblige him to flee to Dresden, Germany where he was arrested the following year.", "Q439198": "Clare Camille Johnson (born August 23, 1979), known professionally as Clare Grant, is an American actress, model and producer. She co-founded Team Unicorn, which has produced several web series and music video parodies including \"Geek and Gamer Girls\" and \"All About That Base\".", "Q319761": "Aberystwyth University (Welsh: Prifysgol Aberystwyth) is a public research university in Aberystwyth, Wales. Aberystwyth was a founding member institution of the former federal University of Wales. The university has over 8,000 students studying across 3 academic faculties and 17 departments.\nFounded in 1872 as University College Wales, Aberystwyth, it became a founder member of the University of Wales in 1894 and changed its name to the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. In the mid-1990s, the university again changed its name to the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. On 1 September 2007, the University of Wales ceased to be a federal university and Aberystwyth became independent again.Aberystwyth University is placed in the UK\u2019s top 50 universities in the main national rankings and it has become the first university to be awarded with the prestigious prize \"University of the year for teaching quality\" by The Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019).\nAccording to the Research Excellence Framework REF 2014, Aberystwyth ranks in the top 50 out of 154 in the UK for impact, quality of publications and research environment.It is the first university in the world to be awarded Plastic Free University status (for single-use plastic items).", "Q7898254": "Rai Bahadur Sir Upendranath Brahmachari (Bengali: \u0989\u09aa\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09be\u09a5 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09cd\u09ae\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09c0) (19 December 1873 \u2013 6 February 1946) was an Indian scientist and a leading medical practitioner of his time. He synthesised Urea Stibamine (carbostibamide) in 1922 and determined that it was an effective substitute for the other antimony-containing compounds in the treatment of Kala-azar (Visceral leishmaniasis) which is caused by a protozoon, Leishmania donovani.\nHis discovery led to the saving of thousands of lives in India, particularly in the erstwhile province of Assam, where several villages were completely depopulated by the devastating disease. The achievement of Brahmachari was a milestone in successful application of science in medical treatment in the years before arrival of antibiotics, when there were few specific drugs, including quinine for malaria, iron for anaemia, digitalis for heart diseases and arsenic compounds for syphilis. Most other ailments were treated symptomatically by palliative methods. Urea Stibamine was thus a significant addition to the arsenal of specific medicines.\n\n", "Q1077577": "Chris Montez (born Ezekiel Christopher Montanez on January 17, 1943) is an American guitarist and vocalist, whose stylistic approach has ranged from rock & roll to pop standards and Latin music. His rock sound is exemplified in songs such as his 1962 hit \"Let's Dance\", which reached #4 on the Billboard Hot 100. When his early music's popularity began to fade, he switched to a more traditional role as a popular singer of soft ballads, scoring hits with \u201cThe More I See You\u201d and \u201cCall Me\" in 1966. He has also recorded in Latin styles. Over the intervening years, he has continued to work in all three modes.", "Q54145": "Medford is a city 6.7 miles northwest of downtown Boston on the Mystic River in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. In the 2010 U.S. Census, Medford's population was 56,173. It is home to Tufts University, which has its campus along the Medford and Somerville border. In 2018, Medford's population grew up to 57,765 residents.", "Q202355": "Arthur van Schendel (15 March 1874 in Batavia, Dutch East Indies \u2013 11 September 1946 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch writer of novels and short stories. One of his best known works is Het fregatschip Johanna Maria. His son Arthur F.E. van Schendel (1910\u20131979) was General Director of the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam from 1959\u20131975.", "Q127623": "Vantaa (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8\u028b\u0251nt\u0251\u02d0]; Swedish: Vanda, [\u02c8v\u00e2n\u02d0da] (listen), Finland Swedish: [\u02c8v\u0251n\u02d0d\u0251]) is a city and municipality in Finland. It is part of the inner core of the Finnish Capital Region along with Helsinki, Espoo, and Kauniainen. With a population of 228,678 (31 January 2019), Vantaa is the fourth most populated city in Finland.\nVantaa is bordered by Helsinki, the Finnish capital, to the south; Espoo to the southwest; Nurmij\u00e4rvi to the northwest; Kerava and Tuusula to the north; and Sipoo to the east. The city encompasses 240.35 square kilometres (92.80 sq mi), of which 1.97 km2 (0.76 sq mi) is water.The largest airport in Finland, and the main airport and airline hub of Greater Helsinki, the Helsinki Airport, is located in Vantaa. Companies with headquarters in Vantaa include Finnair, Finavia, R-kioski, Tikkurila Oyj, Veikkaus Oy, and Mets\u00e4hallitus. The city also hosts a science center, Heureka.\nThe city of Vantaa is bilingual, both Finnish and Swedish being official languages. 78.7% of the population are Finnish speakers, while 2.4% speak Swedish as their first language. 18.9% of the population speak a native language other than Finnish or Swedish.", "Q247609": "Red Line 7000 is a 1965 American action sports film released by Paramount Pictures. It was directed by Howard Hawks, who also wrote the story. It stars James Caan, Laura Devon and Marianna Hill in a story about young stock-car racers trying to establish themselves and about the complicated romantic relationships in their lives. The title is from the RPM an engine could make on a tachometer before crossing the red line beyond the safety margin.", "Q861008": "F\u00e9lix Paiva (February 21, 1877, Caazap\u00e1, Caazap\u00e1 Department \u2013 November 2, 1965, Colonia del Sacramento) was Paraguayan politician from the Liberal Party.\nHe studied law and worked as university teacher, rector of the University and president of the Supreme Court. In his political career he was a minister in many occasions, Vice President of Paraguay 1920-1921, and also President of Paraguay from August 15, 1937 to August 15, 1939.\nHe became president after the overthrow of Rafael Franco. In his term he restored the political constitution of 1870. On 10 October 1938, the Congress of Paraguay confirmed Paiva as provisional president. He signed a peace agreement with Bolivia in 1938, which finished the Chaco War.", "Q4127": "Lake Constance (German: Bodensee) refers to three bodies of water on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps: the Obersee or Upper Lake Constance, the Untersee or Lower Lake Constance, and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein. These waterbodies lie within the Lake Constance Basin (Bodenseebecken), which is part of the Alpine Foreland and through which the Rhine flows.The lake is situated where Germany, Switzerland, and Austria meet. Its shorelines lie in the German states of Bavaria and Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen, Thurgau, and Schaffhausen, and the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. The Rhine flows into the lake from the south, with its original course forming the Austro-Swiss border, and has its outflow on the Lower Lake where \u2014 except for Schaffhausen \u2014 it forms the German-Swiss border until the city of Basel.The most populous cities on the lake are Constance (German: Konstanz), Friedrichshafen, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Bregenz, and Lindau (Bodensee). The largest islands are Reichenau in the Lower Lake, and Lindau and Mainau in the Upper Lake.", "Q571692": "Jahn Otto Johansen (3 May 1934 \u2013 1 January 2018) was a Norwegian journalist, newspaper editor, foreign correspondent and non-fiction writer.\nHe worked for the newspaper Morgenposten from 1956 to 1966, for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) from 1966 to 1977, and was chief editor of Dagbladet from 1977 to 1984. He has been a foreign correspondent for NRK in Moscow, Washington D.C. and Berlin. He wrote about sixty books, including several bestsellers.He received the Cappelen Prize in 1982, shared with Bj\u00f8rg Vik, who died six days after Johansen.", "Q719596": "Henry John Kaiser (May 9, 1882 \u2013 August 24, 1967) was an American industrialist who became known as the father of modern American shipbuilding. Prior to World War II, Kaiser was involved in the construction industry; his company was one of the companies that built Hoover Dam. He established the Kaiser Shipyards, which built Liberty ships during World War II, after which he formed Kaiser Aluminum and Kaiser Steel. Kaiser organized Kaiser Permanente health care for his workers and their families. He led Kaiser-Frazer followed by Kaiser Motors, automobile companies known for the safety of their designs. Kaiser was involved in large construction projects such as civic centers and dams, and invested in real estate, later moving into television broadcasting. With his wealth, he established the Kaiser Family Foundation, a nonprofit, non-partisan, charitable organization.\n\n", "Q455056": "Ingvild Bryn (born 18 March 1961 in Voss, Hordaland) is a Norwegian journalist. She is a news anchor for the evening news Dagsrevyen, aired on the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation.\n\n", "Q11419": "Karate (\u7a7a\u624b) (; Japanese pronunciation: [ka\u027eate] (listen); Okinawan pronunciation: [ka\u027dati]) is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom. It developed from the indigenous Ryukyuan martial arts (called te (\u624b), \"hand\"; tii in Okinawan) under the influence of Kung Fu, particularly Fujian White Crane. Karate is now predominantly a striking art using punching, kicking, knee strikes, elbow strikes and open-hand techniques such as knife-hands, spear-hands and palm-heel strikes. Historically, and in some modern styles, grappling, throws, joint locks, restraints and vital-point strikes are also taught. A karate practitioner is called a karateka (\u7a7a\u624b\u5bb6), and its plural is \"karateka\" or \"karatekas\".\nThe Empire of Japan annexed the Ryukyu Kingdom in 1879. Karate came to the Japanese archipelago in the early 20th century during a time of migration as Ryukyuans, especially from Okinawa, looked for work in Japan. It was systematically taught in Japan after the Taish\u014d era of 1912\u20131926. In 1922 the Japanese Ministry of Education invited Gichin Funakoshi to Tokyo to give a karate demonstration. In 1924 Keio University established the first university karate club in mainland Japan, and by 1932 major Japanese universities had karate clubs. In this era of escalating Japanese militarism, the name was changed from \u5510\u624b (\"Chinese hand\" or \"Tang hand\") to \u7a7a\u624b (\"empty hand\") \u2013 both of which are pronounced karate in Japanese \u2013 to indicate that the Japanese wished to develop the combat form in Japanese style. After World War II, Okinawa became (1945) an important United States military site and karate became popular among servicemen stationed there.The martial-arts movies of the 1960s and 1970s served to greatly increase the popularity of martial arts around the world, and English-speakers began to use the word karate in a generic way to refer to all striking-based Asian martial arts. Karate schools began appearing across the world, catering to those with casual interest as well as those seeking a deeper study of the art.\nShigeru Egami, Chief Instructor of Shotokan D\u014dj\u014d, opined that \"the majority of followers of karate in overseas countries pursue karate only for its fighting techniques ... Movies and television ... depict karate as a mysterious way of fighting capable of causing death or injury with a single blow ... the mass media present a pseudo art far from the real thing.\" Sh\u014dshin Nagamine said: \"Karate may be considered as the conflict within oneself or as a life-long marathon which can be won only through self-discipline, hard training and one's own creative efforts.\"On 28 September 2015 karate featured on a shortlist (along with baseball, softball, skateboarding, surfing, and sport climbing) for consideration for inclusion in the 2020 Summer Olympics. On 1 June 2016 the International Olympic Committee's executive board announced they were supporting the inclusion of all five sports (counting baseball and softball as only one sport) for inclusion in the 2020 Games.\nWeb Japan (sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs) claims that karate has 50 million practitioners worldwide, while the World Karate Federation claims there are 100 million practitioners around the world.", "Q1177205": "David \"Happy\" Williams (born September 17, 1946), is a US-based Trinidadian jazz double-bassist, who has been a long-time member of Cedar Walton's group. Williams has also worked with many other notable musicians, including Woody Shaw, Bobby Hutcherson, Stan Getz, Kenny Barron, Duke Jordan, Monty Alexander, Frank Morgan, Hank Jones, Charles McPherson, Larry Willis, George Cables, Abdullah Ibrahim, David \"Fathead\" Newman, Sonny Fortune, John Hicks, Louis Hayes, Jackie McLean, Clifford Jordan, Abbey Lincoln, Ernestine Anderson, and Kathleen Battle.", "Q154815": "Billy Talent is a Canadian rock band from Mississauga, Ontario. They formed in 1993 with lead vocalist Benjamin Kowalewicz, guitarist Ian D'Sa, bassist Jon Gallant, and drummer Aaron Solowoniuk. There have been no lineup changes, although Solowoniuk is currently taking a hiatus from the band due to an MS relapse, and Jordan Hastings from Alexisonfire, Cunter, and Say Yes is currently filling in for him. In the 25 years since their inception, Billy Talent has sold over 900,000 physical albums in Canada alone and nearly 3 million albums internationally. Between 1995 and 2016, Billy Talent were the 27th best-selling Canadian artist in Canada and among the top 10 best-selling Canadian bands in Canada.The band existed for almost a decade before mainstream success. The members met and played in Our Lady of Mount Carmel Secondary School under the name Pezz and remained underground in Toronto's indie music scene until 2001. The band renamed itself Billy Talent after running into legal trouble with the old name. It was then that Kowalewicz's connection with an employee of Warner Music Canada's A&R department landed the band a record deal and launched them into mainstream success. Since then, Billy Talent has made three multi-platinum records in Canada and continues to expand their success overseas; this included touring for 20 months supporting their second album. They released their third album, Billy Talent III, on July 14, 2009, and their fourth album, Dead Silence, on September 4, 2012. Dead Silence was followed up by a full UK tour throughout October and November 2012. To commemorate the longevity since the release of their first studio album, the band has released a greatest hits album entitled Hits on November 4, 2014. In 2015, they began to prepare material for their fifth studio album. Just before entering the studio, drummer Aaron Solowoniuk decided to sit out the recording sessions while he continued his longstanding battle with multiple sclerosis. Fellow Canadian Jordan Hastings was quickly recruited to play as Solowoniuk's studio stand-in, and, in early 2016, the group completed work on Afraid of Heights, which was released in July of that year.\n\n", "Q3301546": "Philbert Maurice d'Ocagne (25 March 1862 \u2013 23 September 1938) was a French engineer and mathematician. He founded the field of nomography, the graphic computation of algebraic equations, on charts which he called a nomogram.", "Q84614": "Friedrich W. Rainer (28 July 1903 \u2013 19 July 1947) was an Austrian Nazi politician, Gauleiter as well as a state governor of Salzburg and Carinthia. He is the only Austrian governor who has ever held the same office in two separate states.", "Q103795": "Pope Leo VI (880 \u2013 12 February 929) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States for just over seven months, from June 928 to his death. His pontificate occurred during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum.", "Q491772": "John Dolmayan (born July 15, 1973) is an Armenian-American musician, songwriter and drummer. He is best known as the drummer of System of a Down. Dolmayan is also the drummer for the band Indicator and former drummer for Scars on Broadway. Loudwire listed him as one of the Top 66 Hard Rock + Metal Drummers of All Time, with Dolmayan being ranked at number 31.", "Q123445": "Daniel Walter Schmid (26 December 1941 \u2013 5 August 2006) was a Swiss theatre and film director.", "Q19045": "Mario Jos\u00e9 Molina-Pasquel Henr\u00edquez (born March 19, 1943) is a Mexican chemist. He played a pivotal role in the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, and was a co-recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his role in elucidating the threat to the Earth's ozone layer of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases. He became the first Mexican-born citizen to receive a Nobel Prize in Chemistry.In 2004 Molina accepted the positions of professor at the University of California, San Diego and the Center for Atmospheric Sciences at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Molina is also Director of the Mario Molina Center for Energy and Environment in Mexico City.\nMolina was a climate policy adviser to the President of Mexico, Enrique Pe\u00f1a Nieto.\n\n", "Q849784": "The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum is an American outdoor sports stadium located in the Exposition Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Conceived as a hallmark of civic pride, the Coliseum was commissioned in 1921 as a memorial to L.A. veterans of World War I. Completed in 1923, it will be the first stadium to have hosted the Summer Olympics three times: 1932, 1984, and 2028. It was declared a National Historic Landmark on July 27, 1984, the day before the opening ceremony of the 1984 Summer Olympics.The stadium serves as the home to the University of Southern California (USC) Trojans football team of the Pac-12 Conference. USC, which operates and manages the Coliseum, granted naming rights to United Airlines in January 2018; after concerns were raised by Coliseum Commission, the airline became title sponsor of the playing field, naming it United Airlines Field at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The stadium is located in Exposition Park, which is owned by the State of California, and across the street from USC. The Coliseum is jointly owned by the State of California, Los Angeles County, City of Los Angeles and is managed and operated by the Auxiliary Services Department of the University of Southern California.It was the home of the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL) from 1946 to 1979, when they moved to Anaheim Stadium in Anaheim. The Coliseum served as their home stadium again from 2016 to 2019 prior to the team's move to SoFi Stadium in Inglewood. The facility had a permanent seating capacity of 93,607 for USC football and Rams games, making it the largest football stadium in the Pac-12 Conference and the NFL.The stadium also was the temporary home of the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball from 1958 to 1961 and was the host venue for games 3, 4, and 5 of the 1959 World Series. It was the site of the First AFL-NFL World Championship Game, later called Super Bowl I, and Super Bowl VII. Additionally, it has served as a home field for a number of other teams, including the 1960 inaugural season for the Los Angeles Chargers, Los Angeles Raiders of the NFL, and UCLA Bruins football.\nFrom 1959 to 2016, the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena was located adjacent to the Coliseum; the Sports Arena was closed in March 2016 and demolished. Banc of California Stadium, a soccer-specific stadium and home of Major League Soccer's Los Angeles FC, was constructed on the former Sports Arena site and opened in April 2018.\nUSC began a major renovation of the stadium in early 2018. During the renovation project the seating capacity was 78,467 and became 77,500 upon completion in 2019. The $315 million project was completed by the 2019 football season and was the first major upgrade of the stadium in twenty years. The project included replacing the seating along with the addition of luxury boxes and club suites.", "Q79969": "Emma Goldman (June 27 [O.S. June 15], 1869 \u2013 May 14, 1940) was an anarchist political activist and writer. She played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in North America and Europe in the first half of the 20th century.\nBorn in Kaunas (rus. \u041a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e), Russian Empire (now Lithuania) to a Jewish family, Goldman emigrated to the United States in 1885. Attracted to anarchism after the Chicago Haymarket affair, Goldman became a writer and a renowned lecturer on anarchist philosophy, women's rights, and social issues, attracting crowds of thousands. She and anarchist writer Alexander Berkman, her lover and lifelong friend, planned to assassinate industrialist and financier Henry Clay Frick as an act of propaganda of the deed. Frick survived the attempt on his life in 1892, and Berkman was sentenced to 22 years in prison. Goldman was imprisoned several times in the years that followed, for \"inciting to riot\" and illegally distributing information about birth control. In 1906, Goldman founded the anarchist journal Mother Earth.\nIn 1917, Goldman and Berkman were sentenced to two years in jail for conspiring to \"induce persons not to register\" for the newly instated draft. After their release from prison, they were arrested\u2014along with 248 others\u2014and deported to Russia. Initially supportive of that country's October Revolution that brought the Bolsheviks to power, Goldman changed her opinion in the wake of the Kronstadt rebellion; she denounced the Soviet Union for its violent repression of independent voices. She left the Soviet Union and in 1923 published a book about her experiences, My Disillusionment in Russia. While living in England, Canada, and France, she wrote an autobiography called Living My Life. It was published in two volumes, in 1931 and 1935. After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, Goldman traveled to Spain to support the anarchist revolution there. She died in Toronto, Canada, on May 14, 1940, aged 70.\nDuring her life, Goldman was lionized as a freethinking \"rebel woman\" by admirers, and denounced by detractors as an advocate of politically motivated murder and violent revolution. Her writing and lectures spanned a wide variety of issues, including prisons, atheism, freedom of speech, militarism, capitalism, marriage, free love, and homosexuality. Although she distanced herself from first-wave feminism and its efforts toward women's suffrage, she developed new ways of incorporating gender politics into anarchism. After decades of obscurity, Goldman gained iconic status in the 1970s by a revival of interest in her life, when feminist and anarchist scholars rekindled popular interest.", "Q314245": "Jason Eli Becker (born July 22, 1969) is an American musician, songwriter and composer. At the age of 16, he became part of the Shrapnel Records-produced duo Cacophony with his friend Marty Friedman. They released the albums Speed Metal Symphony in 1987 and Go Off! in 1988. Cacophony broke up in 1989 and Becker began doing solo work, having released his first album Perpetual Burn in 1988, also through Shrapnel. He later joined David Lee Roth's band and recorded one album with him, A Little Ain't Enough.\nBecker's performing career was cut short by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In 1996, Becker lost the ability to speak, and he now communicates with his eyes via a system developed by his father. Despite his disability, he continues composing by using a computer and has since released with Shrapnel Collection, a \"best of\" album of his favorite songs and three new songs.\n\n", "Q77944": "Uwe B\u00f6ning (born 1947 in Zittau) is a German business coach, management consultant and author. He is considered to be one of the pioneers in German business coaching and has shaped research, practice, training and association work in this field to a great extent.", "Q334195": "Stephen Hartley Dorff Jr. (born July 29, 1973) is an American actor, known for portraying Roland West in the third season of HBO's crime drama anthology series True Detective, PK in The Power of One, Stuart Sutcliffe in Backbeat, Johnny Marco in Sofia Coppola's Somewhere, Glen in The Gate, and for his roles in Cecil B. DeMented, The Motel Life, S.F.W., Space Truckers, and Blade as vampire-overlord Deacon Frost.", "Q5463202": "Fly Records is a British independent record label, established in 1970 by the independent music publisher David Platz, and initially managed by Malcolm Jones from the offices of Essex Music in London.", "Q5239": "Vladikavkaz (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0437, IPA: [vl\u0259d\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8fkas], lit. ruler of the Caucasus; Ossetian: \u0414\u0437\u00e6\u0443\u0434\u0436\u044b\u0445\u044a\u00e6\u0443, romanized: Dz\u00e6ud\u017eyq\u00e6u Ossetian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0361z\u00e6wd\u0361\u0292\u0259q\u00e6w], lit. Dzaug's settlement), formerly known as Ordzhonikidze (\u041e\u0440\u0434\u0436\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0301\u0434\u0437\u0435) and Dzaudzhikau (\u0414\u0437\u0430\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0443), is the capital city of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic at the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, situated on the Terek River. Population: 311,693\u2009(2010 Census); 315,068\u2009(2002 Census); 300,198\u2009(1989 Census). Vladikavkaz is one of the most populous cities in the North Caucasus.\nThe city is an industrial and transportation centre. Manufactured products include processed zinc and lead, machinery, chemicals, clothing and food products.", "Q3890": "Rheine is a town in the district of Steinfurt in Westphalia, Germany. It is the largest town in the district and the location of Rheine Air Base.", "Q10707": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe (; Shona: [mu\u0261a\u0253e]; 21 February 1924 \u2013 6 September 2019) was a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then as President from 1987 to 2017. He served as Leader of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) from 1975 to 1980 and led its successor political party, the ZANU \u2013 Patriotic Front (ZANU\u2013PF), from 1980 to 2017. Ideologically an African nationalist, during the 1970s and 1980s he identified as a Marxist\u2013Leninist, and as a socialist after the 1990s. His policies have been described as Mugabeism.\nMugabe was born to a poor Shona family in Kutama, Southern Rhodesia. Educated at Kutama College and the University of Fort Hare, he worked as a schoolteacher in Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, and Ghana. Angered by white minority rule of his homeland within the British Empire, Mugabe embraced Marxism and joined African nationalists calling for an independent state controlled by the black majority. After making anti-government comments, he was convicted of sedition and imprisoned between 1964 and 1974. On release, he fled to Mozambique, established his leadership of ZANU, and oversaw its role in the Rhodesian Bush War, fighting Ian Smith's predominately white government. He reluctantly participated in peace talks in the United Kingdom that resulted in the Lancaster House Agreement, putting an end to the war. In the 1980 general election, Mugabe led ZANU-PF to victory. As Prime Minister of the newly renamed Zimbabwe, Mugabe's administration expanded healthcare and education and\u2014despite his professed desire for a socialist society\u2014adhered largely to mainstream, conservative economic policies.\nMugabe's calls for racial reconciliation failed to stem growing white emigration, while relations with Joshua Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) also deteriorated. In the Gukurahundi of 1982\u20131987, Mugabe's Fifth Brigade crushed ZAPU-linked opposition in Matabeleland in a campaign that killed at least 10,000 people, mostly Ndebele civilians. Internationally he sent troops into the Second Congo War and chaired the Non-Aligned Movement (1986\u201389), the Organisation of African Unity (1997\u201398), and the African Union (2015\u201316). Pursuing decolonisation, Mugabe emphasised the redistribution of land controlled by white farmers to landless blacks, initially on a \"willing seller\u2013willing buyer\" basis. Frustrated at the slow rate of redistribution, from 2000 he encouraged black Zimbabweans to violently seize white-owned farms. Food production was severely impacted, leading to famine, economic decline, and Western sanctions. Opposition to Mugabe grew, but he was re-elected in 2002, 2008, and 2013 through campaigns dominated by violence, electoral fraud, and nationalistic appeals to his rural Shona voter base. In 2017, members of his own party ousted him in a coup, replacing him with former vice president Emmerson Mnangagwa.\nHaving dominated Zimbabwe's politics for nearly four decades, Mugabe was a controversial figure. He was praised as a revolutionary hero of the African liberation struggle who helped free Zimbabwe from British colonialism, imperialism, and white minority rule. Critics accused Mugabe of being a dictator responsible for economic mismanagement, widespread corruption in Zimbabwe, anti-white racism, human rights abuses, and crimes against humanity.\n\n", "Q132548": "Francis II (French: Fran\u00e7ois II; 19 January 1544 \u2013 5 December 1560) was King of France from 1559 to 1560. He was also King consort of Scotland as a result of his marriage to Mary, Queen of Scots, from 1558 until his death in 1560. \nHe ascended the throne of France at the age of fifteen after the accidental death of his father, Henry II, in 1559. His short reign was dominated by the first stirrings of the French Wars of Religion.\nAlthough the royal age of majority had been set at fourteen, his mother, Catherine de' Medici, entrusted the reins of government to his wife's uncles from the House of Guise, staunch supporters of the Catholic cause. They were unable to help Catholics in Scotland against the progressing Scottish Reformation, however, and the Auld Alliance was dissolved.\nFrancis was succeeded by two of his brothers in turn, both of whom were also unable to reduce tensions between Protestants and Catholics.", "Q47887": "Nijmegen ( NY-may-g\u0259n, Dutch: [\u02c8n\u025bime\u02d0\u0263\u0259(n)] (listen);, Nijmeegs: Nimw\u00e8\u00e8ge [\u02c8n\u026am\u03b2\u031e\u025b\u02d0x\u0259]) is a city in the Netherlands' province of Gelderland, on the Waal river close to the German border.\nNijmegen is the oldest city in the Netherlands, the second to be recognized as such in Roman times, and in 2005 celebrated 2,000 years of existence.\nThe municipality is part of the Arnhem\u2013Nijmegen metropolitan area, with 736,107 inhabitants in 2011.", "Q68864": "Neckertal is a municipality in the Toggenburg district of the Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland.\nIt was formed on January 1, 2009, through the merger of Brunnadern, St. Peterzell, and Mogelsberg.", "Q203063": "Come Early Morning is a 2006 American film starring Ashley Judd and Jeffrey Donovan. It marked the directorial debut of Joey Lauren Adams. The movie was shot throughout the metropolitan Little Rock, Arkansas area including Pulaski Heights, and Adams' hometown of North Little Rock. It premiered for wide release in Little Rock on December 14, 2006.", "Q151945": "In the Bedroom is a 2001 American independent crime film directed by Todd Field from a screenplay written by Field and Robert Festinger, based on the short story \"Killings\" by Andre Dubus. It stars Sissy Spacek, Tom Wilkinson, Nick Stahl, Marisa Tomei, and William Mapother. The film centers on the inner dynamics of a family in transition. Matt Fowler (Wilkinson) is a doctor practicing in Maine and is married to Ruth Fowler (Spacek), a music teacher. Their son Frank (Stahl) is involved in a love affair with an older single mother, Natalie Strout (Tomei). As the beauty of Maine's brief and fleeting summer comes to an end, these characters find themselves in the midst of an unimaginable tragedy.\nThe title refers to the rear compartment of a lobster trap known as the \"bedroom\" and the fact that it can only hold up to two lobsters before they begin to turn on each other. In the Bedroom premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. It was theatrically released in limited theatres on November 23, 2001 and grossed $43.4 million against a $1.7 million budget.\nThe film was widely praised; critics praised Field's direction, its screenplay and the performances (particularly of those of Spacek, Wilkinson and Tomei). In the Bedroom was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the top 10 films of the year while Spacek's performance was named the best female performance of the year. The film received five Oscar nominations at the 74th Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actress (for Spacek), Best Actor (for Wilkinson), Best Supporting Actress (for Tomei), and Best Adapted Screenplay, and also three nominations at the 59th Golden Globe Awards including for the Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama, and winning Best Actress \u2013 Drama (for Spacek).", "Q308644": "G-Unit (short for Guerilla Unit) is an American hip hop group formed by longtime friends and East Coast rappers 50 Cent, Tony Yayo and Lloyd Banks. After releasing a string of mixtapes in the early 2000s, including 50 Cent is the Future, God's Plan and No Mercy, No Fear, the group released their debut album Beg for Mercy in 2003, which went on to ship over 4,000,000 copies in the US and was certified Quadruple Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The album, which followed the critical and commercial success of 50 Cent's major-label debut Get Rich or Die Tryin', served as a platform for Lloyd Banks, Young Buck and Tony Yayo to release their respective solo debut albums; The Hunger for More (2004), Straight Outta Cashville (2004) and Thoughts of a Predicate Felon (2005). In 2008, the group released their second album T\u00b7O\u00b7S (Terminate on Sight).\nDuring Tony Yayo's imprisonment in 2003, the group recruited Tennessee-based rapper Young Buck, who was featured throughout the Beg for Mercy album. The Game was also added to the group, a proposition made by Dr. Dre and Jimmy Iovine in late 2003, to promote the Aftermath/Interscope newcomer. However, due to The Game's \"disloyalty\" in the eyes of 50 Cent, he was soon removed from the group in March 2005. In April 2008, 50 Cent revealed Young Buck was no longer a part of the group due to his \"excessive spending\" and \"inconsistent behavior\". In early 2014, after Yayo and 50 Cent separately stated G-Unit was no more, the original members of the group reconciled and reunited at Summer Jam 2014, along with Young Buck after his six-year departure from the group. G-Unit Records artist Kidd Kidd was also added to the group upon its reformation. The group released their first collaborative project in six years, an EP titled The Beauty of Independence in August of the same year.\nIn April 2018, Kidd Kidd announced he was leaving both the group and G-Unit Records to become independent. In June of the same year, 50 Cent announced Lloyd Banks had left the group, leaving himself and Tony Yayo as the remaining members of G-Unit.", "Q90891": "Hermann Johann Heinrich Behrends (11 May 1907 \u2013 4 December 1948) was a Nazi Party member and SS official with the rank of lieutenant general (Gruppenf\u00fchrer).Born in R\u00fcstingen, Oldenburg, the son of a provincial innkeeper, he was educated to doctorate level in law at Marburg University but struggled to find employment in an economically depressed Weimar Germany. He joined the Nazi Party in January 1932 and the SS the following month. With no military experience he initially floundered but soon attracted the attentions of Reinhard Heydrich, who valued academic expertise, and he was transferred to the Sicherheitsdienst (SD).Becoming a close friend of Heydrich, Behrends was the first chief of the SD in Berlin. He also served as Chief of Staff to Werner Lorenz in his capacity as head of the Hauptamt Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle (VOMI). During the Second World War he was sent to Yugoslavia to lead the regional arm of the VOMI. His star had fallen somewhat after Heydrich's death as Heinrich Himmler was unimpressed by him, sensing that he was too ambitious.On 5 July 1945, he faced charges from the British services in Flensburg. He was interned with the number 560294 in the Island Farm Special Camp in Bridgend, South Wales. On 16 April 1946 he was extradited to Yugoslavia. He was hanged in Belgrade on 4 December 1948.", "Q14549": "Scots (Scottish Gaelic: Beurla Ghallda/Albais) is the West Germanic language variety spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster in Ireland (where the local dialect is known as Ulster Scots). It is sometimes called Lowland Scots to distinguish it from Scottish Gaelic, the Goidelic Celtic language that was historically restricted to most of the Highlands, the Hebrides and Galloway after the 16th century. The Scots language developed during the Middle English period as a distinct entity.Scots is recognised as an indigenous language of Scotland, a regional or minority language of Europe, and as a vulnerable language by UNESCO.As there are no universally accepted criteria for distinguishing a language from a dialect, scholars and other interested parties often disagree about the linguistic, historical and social status of Scots and particularly its relationship to English. Although a number of paradigms for distinguishing between languages and dialects exist, they often render contradictory results. Broad Scots is at one end of a bipolar linguistic continuum, with Scottish Standard English at the other. Scots is often regarded as one of the ancient varieties of English, but it has its own distinct dialects. Alternatively, Scots is sometimes treated as a distinct Germanic language, in the way that Norwegian is closely linked to but distinct from Danish.In the 2011 Scottish Census, 1.5 million people in Scotland reported being able to speak Scots.", "Q91557": "Wolfgang Joop (born November 18, 1944) is a German fashion designer. He is the founder of the fashion and cosmetics company JOOP! as well as of fashion brand Wunderkind. He is the father of fashion and jewel designer Jette Joop and of writer and painter Florentine Joop.", "Q89318": "Andreas Salcher (born 18 December 1960 in Vienna) is a former Austrian politician of the Austrian People's Party (\u00d6VP), co-founder of the Sir Karl Popper School, consultant and author.", "Q298243": "John David Hannah (born 23 April 1962) is a Scottish film and television actor. He came to prominence in Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role as Matthew. His other film appearances include Sliding Doors (1998) and The Mummy trilogy (1999\u20132008). His television roles include: Dr Iain McCallum in McCallum (1995\u20131998); D.I. John Rebus in Rebus (2000\u20132001); Jack Roper in New Street Law (2006\u20132007); Jake Osbourne in Cold Blood (2007\u20132008), Quintus Lentulus Batiatus in Spartacus (2010\u20132011), Jack Cloth in A Touch of Cloth (2012\u201314), Jason's father (Aeson) in the BBC series Atlantis (2013\u201315), Dr Holden Radcliffe in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2016-2017), Colin in Overboard (2018), and Dr Archie Wilson in the BBC series Trust Me.", "Q815979": "Bellflower is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County, California, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was founded in 1906 and became incorporated on September 3, 1957. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 76,616, up from 72,878 at the 2000 census. As of the 2010 census, Bellflower is the 25th most densely populated city in the United States, of cities over 50,000 residents (and 8th most densely populated in California).The city was founded by F.E. Woodruff in 1906 and originally named Somerset in 1909 when the post office was established. However, the Post Office Department rejected the name to prevent confusion with Somerset, Colorado. The present name is derived from the bellflower apple, which was grown in local orchards during the early 1900s.\nOriginally settled by small communities of dairy farmers of Dutch, Japanese, and Portuguese descent, Bellflower and neighboring Paramount served first as the apple and later the milk production centers for Southern California, until soaring post-World War II property values and threatened annexations by Los Angeles led by real-estate syndicates, forced most of the farmers to move several miles east to the Dairy Valley/Dairyland/Dairy City area (now the cities of Cerritos, La Palma, and Cypress).\nThese farms were in turn divided up into large housing divisions for Los Angeles's growing White American population which worked in the region's high-tech, skilled industrial, and service positions. From the 1950s through the late 1960s, Bellflower Boulevard, the city's main thoroughfare, was a thriving commercial strip for shopping. Numerous retail and franchise restaurant firms began on this street, which also featured middle- and high-end boutiques, arts and crafts shops, and other small shopkeeps alongside larger department stores and banks. It is sister cities with Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico.", "Q311315": "Al-K\u0101\u1e93imiyyah (Arabic: \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0638\u0650\u0645\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u200e, pronounced [al\u02c8ka\u02d0\u00f0\u02e4\u026amij\u02d0a]) or al-K\u0101\u1e93imayn (\u0671\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0638\u0650\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646) is a northern neighbourhood of the city of Baghdad, Iraq. It is about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the city's center, on the west bank of the Tigris. Al-K\u0101\u1e93imiyyah is also the name of one of nine administrative districts in Baghdad. Being the place of Masjid al-K\u0101\u1e93imayn (Arabic: \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062c\u0650\u062f \u0671\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0638\u0650\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u200e, Mosque of the \"Two who swallow their anger\"), even before its inception into the urban area of Baghdad, it is regarded as a holy city by Twelver Shi'ites.", "Q128538": "Luke the Evangelist (Latin: L\u016bc\u0101s, Ancient Greek: \u039b\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u1fb6\u03c2, Louk\u00e2s, Hebrew: \u05dc\u05d5\u05e7\u05d0\u05e1\u200e, L\u016bq\u0101s, Aramaic: \u05dc\u05d5\u05e7\u05d0\u200e, L\u016bq\u0101') is one of the Four Evangelists\u2014the four traditionally ascribed authors of the canonical Gospels. The Early Church Fathers ascribed to him authorship of both the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles, which would mean Luke contributed over a quarter of the text of the New Testament, more than any other author. Prominent figures in early Christianity such as Jerome and Eusebius later reaffirmed his authorship, although a lack of conclusive evidence as to the identity of the author of the works has led to discussion in scholarly circles, both secular and religious.\nThe New Testament mentions Luke briefly a few times, and the Pauline Epistle to the Colossians (Col 4:14) refers to him as a physician (from Greek for 'one who heals'); thus he is thought to have been both a physician and a disciple of Paul. Since the early years of the faith, Christians have regarded him as a saint. He is believed to have been a martyr, reportedly having been hanged from an olive tree, though some believe otherwise.The Roman Catholic Church and other major denominations venerate him as Saint Luke the Evangelist and as a patron saint of artists, physicians, bachelors, surgeons, students and butchers; his feast day is 18 October.", "Q98215": "Rosa Schapire (9 September 1874 \u2013 1 February 1954) was a Polish-born art historian who lived in Germany and England. She was a model and art owner who gave early recognition to the Die Br\u00fccke group of artists.", "Q357340": "Bon Iver () is an American indie folk band founded in 2006 by singer-songwriter Justin Vernon.Vernon released Bon Iver's debut album, For Emma, Forever Ago, independently in July 2007. The majority of that album was recorded while Vernon spent three months isolated in a cabin in northwestern Wisconsin. In 2012 the band won Grammy Awards for Best New Artist and Best Alternative Music Album for their eponymous album Bon Iver. They released their third album 22, A Million to critical acclaim in 2016, which was followed by their fourth album i,i in 2019.The name \"Bon Iver\" derives from the French phrase bon hiver (French pronunciation: \u200b[b\u0254n\u203fiv\u025b\u02d0\u0281]) (\"good winter\"), taken from a greeting on Northern Exposure.", "Q11431": "Evelyn Berezin (April 12, 1925 \u2013 December 8, 2018) was an American computer designer of the first computer-driven word processor. She also worked on computer-controlled systems for airline reservations.\n\n", "Q57464": "Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u200e, \u02bfAbdullah al-thani bin Al-Husayn, born 30 January 1962) has been King of Jordan since 1999. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of Jordan since 1921, Abdullah claims to be a 41st-generation direct descendant of Muhammad.\nAbdullah was born in Amman as the first child of King Hussein and his second wife, British-born Princess Muna. As the King's eldest son, Abdullah was heir apparent until Hussein transferred the title to Abdullah's uncle, Prince Hassan, in 1965. Abdullah began his schooling in Amman, continuing his education abroad. He began his military career in 1980 as a training officer in the Jordanian Armed Forces, later assuming command of the country's Special Forces in 1994, and he became a major general in 1998. In 1993 Abdullah married Rania Al-Yassin (of Palestinian descent), and they have four children: Crown Prince Hussein, Princess Iman, Princess Salma and Prince Hashem. A few weeks before his death in 1999, Hussein named Abdullah his heir, and Abdullah succeeded his father.\nAbdullah, a constitutional monarch, liberalized the economy when he assumed the throne, and his reforms led to an economic boom which continued until 2008. During the following years Jordan's economy experienced hardship as it dealt with the effects of the Great Recession and spillover from the Arab Spring, including a cut in its petroleum supply and the collapse of trade with neighboring countries. In 2011, large-scale protests demanding reform erupted in the Arab world. Many of the protests led to civil wars in other countries, but Abdullah responded quickly to domestic unrest by replacing the government and introducing reforms to the constitution and laws governing public freedoms and elections. Proportional representation was introduced to the Jordanian parliament in the 2016 general election, a move which he said would eventually lead to establishing parliamentary governments. The reforms took place amid unprecedented challenges stemming from regional instability, including an influx of 1.4 million Syrian refugees into the natural resources-lacking country and the emergence of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).\nAbdullah is popular locally and internationally for maintaining Jordanian stability, and is known for promoting interfaith dialogue and a moderate understanding of Islam. The third-longest-serving Arab leader, he was regarded by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre as the most influential Muslim in the world in 2016. Abdullah is custodian of the Muslim and Christian sacred sites in Jerusalem, a position held by his dynasty since 1924.", "Q78487": "Robert Musil (German: [\u02c8\u0281o\u02d0b\u025b\u0250\u032ft \u02c8mu\u02d0z\u026al]; 6 November 1880 \u2013 15 April 1942) was an Austrian philosophical writer. His unfinished novel, The Man Without Qualities (German: Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften), is generally considered to be one of the most important and influential modernist novels.", "Q748097": "Ra\u00fal Rivero Casta\u00f1eda is a Cuban poet, journalist, and dissident. Rivero was born in 1945 in Mor\u00f3n, Camag\u00fcey, in central Cuba.\nIn his youth, he was an ardent follower of Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution. He was among the first generation of journalists to graduate after the triumph of the Revolution. From 1973-1976 he was the chief correspondent of the official Cuban press in Moscow. He also served as chairman of the pro-regime National Union of Writers and Artists (UNEAC). He was then known as \"the Poet of the Revolution\", and associated with the major cultural figures of communist Cuba.", "Q201674": "The Deer Hunter is a 1978 American epic war drama film co-written and directed by Michael Cimino about a trio of steelworkers whose lives were changed forever after fighting in the Vietnam War. The three soldiers are played by Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken, and John Savage, with John Cazale (in his final role), Meryl Streep, and George Dzundza playing supporting roles. The story takes place in Clairton, Pennsylvania, a working-class town on the Monongahela River south of Pittsburgh, and in Vietnam.\nThe film was based in part on an unproduced screenplay called The Man Who Came to Play by Louis Garfinkle and Quinn K. Redeker, about Las Vegas and Russian roulette. Producer Michael Deeley, who bought the script, hired writer/director Michael Cimino who, with Deric Washburn, rewrote the script, taking the Russian roulette element and placing it in the Vietnam War. The film went over-budget and over-schedule, and ended up costing $15 million. The scenes depicting Russian roulette were highly controversial after the film's release. EMI Films, who produced the film, released the film internationally while Universal Pictures handled its distribution in North America. \nThe film received critical acclaim from critics and audiences, with praise for Cimino's direction, the performances of its cast, particularly from De Niro, Walken, and Streep, screenplay, realistic themes and tones, and cinematography. It was also successful at the box office, grossing $49 million. At the 51st Academy Awards, it was nominated for nine Academy Awards, and won five: Best Picture, Best Director for Cimino, Best Supporting Actor for Walken, Best Sound, and Best Film Editing. The film marked Meryl Streep's first Academy Award nomination (for Best Supporting Actress).\nIt has been featured on lists of the best films ever made, such as being named the 53rd-greatest American film of all time by the American Film Institute in 2007 in their 10th Anniversary Edition of the AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies list. It was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress in 1996, as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"\n\n", "Q66861": "Bernhard Goetzke (5 June 1884 \u2013 7 October 1964) was a German stage and film actor. He appeared in 130 films between 1917 and 1961.", "Q47677": "Chen Boda (Chinese: \u9648\u4f2f\u8fbe; Wade\u2013Giles: Ch'en Po-ta; 29 July 1904 \u2013 20 September 1989), was a Chinese Communist journalist, professor and political theorist who rose to power as the chief interpreter of Maoism (or \"Mao Zedong Thought\") in the first 20 years of the People's Republic of China. Chen became a close associate of Mao Zedong in Yan'an, during the late 1930s, drafting speeches and theoretical essays and directing propaganda.After 1949, Chen played a leading role in overseeing mass media and ideology; at the start of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, Mao named him Chairman of the Cultural Revolution Group, entrusting him with the task of guiding the new mass movement. However, his ultra-radical line and close ties with Lin Biao eventually led to his downfall in 1970.", "Q567": "Angela Dorothea Merkel n\u00e9e Kasner; born 17 July 1954) is a German politician serving as the chancellor of Germany since 2005. She served as the leader of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from 2000 to 2018. Merkel has been widely described as the de facto leader of the European Union, the most powerful woman in the world, and by some commentators as the \"leader of the free world\".Merkel was born in Hamburg in then-West Germany and moved to East Germany as an infant when her father, a Lutheran clergyman, received a pastorate in Perleberg. She obtained a doctorate in quantum chemistry in 1986 and worked as a research scientist until 1989. Merkel entered politics in the wake of the Revolutions of 1989, and briefly served as a deputy spokesperson for the first democratically elected East German Government headed by Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re in 1990. Following German reunification in 1990, Merkel was elected to the Bundestag for the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and has been reelected ever since. As the prot\u00e9g\u00e9e of Chancellor Helmut Kohl, Merkel was appointed as the Federal Minister for Women and Youth in Kohl's government in 1991, and became the Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in 1994. After her party lost the federal election in 1998, Merkel was elected Secretary-General of the CDU before becoming the party's first female leader two years later in the aftermath of a donations scandal that toppled Wolfgang Sch\u00e4uble.\nFollowing the 2005 federal election, Merkel was appointed Germany's first female chancellor at the head of a grand coalition consisting of the CDU, its Bavarian sister party the Christian Social Union (CSU) and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In the 2009 federal election the CDU obtained the largest share of the vote, and Merkel was able to form a coalition government with the Free Democratic Party (FDP). At the 2013 federal election, Merkel's CDU won a landslide victory with 41.5% of the vote and formed a second grand coalition with the SPD, after the FDP lost all of its representation in the Bundestag. After the 2017 federal election the CDU was again the largest party; she was reelected to her fourth term on 14 March 2018.In 2007, Merkel was President of the European Council and played a central role in the negotiation of the Treaty of Lisbon and the Berlin Declaration. One of Merkel's consistent priorities has been to strengthen transatlantic economic relations. Merkel played a crucial role in managing the financial crisis at the European and international level, and she has been referred to as \"the decider\". In domestic policy, health care reform, problems concerning future energy development and more recently her government's approach to the ongoing migrant crisis have been major issues during her chancellorship. She has served as senior G7 leader since 2014, and previously from 2011 to 2012. In 2014 she became the longest-serving incumbent head of government in the European Union. In October 2018, Merkel announced that she would not seek reelection as leader of the CDU at the party convention in December 2018 and as chancellor in 2021.", "Q6197418": "William James Peacock, (born 14 December 1937) is an Australian molecular biologist who was Chief Scientist of Australia (2006\u20132008), President of the Australian Academy of Science (2002\u20132006) and Chief of CSIRO Plant Industry (1978\u20132003).Peacock was born in Leura, New South Wales and educated at the University of Sydney, where he studied botany and zoology and gained a PhD in genetics. He followed this with post-doctoral positions in genetics at the University of Oregon in Eugene and molecular biology at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, before returning to Australia to work with the CSIRO.Peacock is a Member of the Prime Minister's Science, Engineering and Innovation Council (PMSEIC) and the National Innovation Council and has served on the Australian Research Council (ARC) Grants Committee, the Australian Science, Technology and Engineering Council (ASTEC) and the Academy of Science's Committee on Recombinant DNA Molecules (ASCORD). In 2000, Dr Peacock was joint recipient of the inaugural Prime Minister's Prize for Science.\nPeacock was appointed Chief Scientist of Australia on a part-time basis in March 2006, and his term concluded on 31 August 2008. Penny Sackett was appointed as his replacement, to take up the position on a full-time basis in November 2008.", "Q1262698": "Duane Thomas Peters (born June 12, 1961), nicknamed \"The Master of Disaster\", is a punk rock singer/songwriter and professional skateboarder. Active since 1975, he is probably best known as the singer in the California punk rock band U.S. Bombs, which formed in 1993.", "Q189490": "Jennifer Shrader Lawrence (born August 15, 1990) is an American actress. The films she has acted in have grossed over $6 billion worldwide, and she was the highest-paid actress in the world in 2015 and 2016. Lawrence appeared in Time's 100 most influential people in the world list in 2013 and in the Forbes Celebrity 100 list in 2014 and 2016.\nDuring her childhood, Lawrence performed in church plays and school musicals. At age 14, she was spotted by a talent scout while vacationing in New York City with her family. Lawrence then moved to Los Angeles and began her acting career by playing guest roles in television shows. Her first major role came as a main cast member on the sitcom The Bill Engvall Show (2007\u20132009). Lawrence made her film debut in a supporting role in the drama Garden Party (2008), and had her breakthrough playing a poverty-stricken teenager in the independent drama Winter's Bone (2010). Her career progressed with her starring roles as the mutant Mystique in the X-Men film series (2011\u20132019) and Katniss Everdeen in the Hunger Games film series (2012\u20132015). The latter established her as the highest-grossing action heroine of all time.\nLawrence went on to earn accolades for her collaborations with director David O. Russell. Her performance as a depressed young widow in the romance film Silver Linings Playbook (2012) earned her the Academy Award for Best Actress, making her the second-youngest winner of the award. She subsequently won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for playing a troubled wife in the black comedy American Hustle (2013). Lawrence also received Golden Globe Awards for both of these films, and for portraying Joy Mangano in the biopic Joy (2015). She has since starred in the science fiction romance Passengers (2016), the psychological horror film Mother! (2017), and the spy thriller Red Sparrow (2018). \nLawrence is an outspoken feminist and has advocated for Planned Parenthood. In 2015, she founded the Jennifer Lawrence Foundation, which has advocated for the Boys & Girls Clubs of America and the Special Olympics. She formed the production company Excellent Cadaver in 2018.", "Q48544": "Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici, called \"the Elder\" (Italian: il Vecchio) and posthumously \"Father of the Fatherland\" (Latin: pater patriae) (27 September 1389 \u2013 1 August 1464), was an Italian banker and politician, the first member of the Medici family that de facto ruled Florence during much of the Italian Renaissance. Despite his influence, his power was not absolute; Florence's legislative councils at times resisted his proposals throughout his life, and he was always viewed as primus inter pares (\"first among equals\") rather than an autocrat. His power derived from his wealth as a banker, and he was a great patron of the arts, learning and architecture.", "Q444173": "Seo Young-hee (born June 13, 1979) is a South Korean actress. She is best known for her supporting role in thriller The Chaser (2008) and her award-winning lead role in horror film Bedevilled (2010).", "Q726996": "William Roland Hartston (born 12 August 1947) is an English journalist who writes the Beachcomber column in the Daily Express and a chess player who played competitively from 1962 to 1987 with a highest Elo rating of 2485. He was awarded the title International Master in 1972, but is now best known as a chess author and presenter of the game on television.", "Q313502": "Darren Arthur Reed (born June 18, 1963), better known by his stage name Dizzy Reed, is an American musician and occasional actor. He is best known as the keyboardist for the rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he has played, toured, and recorded since 1990.\nAside from lead singer Axl Rose, Reed is the longest-standing, and was the only member of Guns N' Roses to remain from the band's Use Your Illusion era, until early 2016 when guitarist Slash and bassist Duff McKagan returned to the band. In 2012, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N' Roses, although he did not attend the ceremony. He was also a member of the Australian-American supergroup The Dead Daisies with his Guns N' Roses bandmate Richard Fortus, ex-Whitesnake member Marco Mendoza, ex-M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce frontman John Corabi and session drummer Brian Tichy.", "Q1678437": "Logan Anthony Whitehurst (November 15, 1977 \u2013 December 3, 2006), was an American musician. His career began as the drummer for the band Little Tin Frog from 1995 until 2000, although he is best known as a founding member of Californian indie rock band The Velvet Teen and as a solo artist performing under the name Logan Whitehurst and the Junior Science Club.\nLogan was also an accomplished graphic designer, creating numerous album covers for bands such as his sister's Tsunami Bomb, in addition to Dynamite Boy, Little Tin Frog, The Velvet Teen, 20 Minute Loop, Go Time, Shut Up Donny, Santiago, and labels such as Fearless Records, Restitution Records, Silent Records and Entertainment, and Double Helix Records. He also contributed illustrations and comics such as \"Jonathan Quimby, the Boy with No Brain\" to Section M Magazine.", "Q1660278": "Wolf Among Wolves (German:Wolf unter W\u00f6lfen) is a 1965 East German television series, based on the 1938 novel Wolf Among Wolves by Hans Fallada. It was aired in four parts on DFF. The series portrays life in the 1920s Berlin of the Weimar Republic. It was the first East German television series to air in West Germany.", "Q700789": "Giovanni Lombardi (born 20 July 1969) is an Italian former professional road bicycling racer who raced from 1992 to 2006. He started his career as a sprinter, winning multiple stages in the Giro d'Italia. He went on to ride as an important helper for the top sprinter names of Erik Zabel and Mario Cipollini. Most recently, he rode for Team CSC as a helper for Ivan Basso. Lombardi was also an active track racer during wintertime, and has participated in many six-day races, frequently as a partner of Marco Villa. He also competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1992 Summer Olympics, winning a gold medal at the latter.", "Q70965": "Ernst Christian Einar Ludvig Detlev, Graf zu Reventlow (18 August 1869 \u2013 21 November 1943) was a German naval officer, journalist and Nazi politician.", "Q5577": "Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dal\u00ed i Dom\u00e8nech, Marquis of Dal\u00ed de P\u00fabol (, Catalan: [s\u0259l\u03b2\u0259\u02c8\u00f0o \u00f0\u0259\u02c8li], Spanish: [sal\u03b2a\u02c8\u00f0o\u027e \u00f0a\u02c8li]; 11 May 1904 \u2013 23 January 1989) was a Spanish surrealist artist renowned for his technical skill, precise draftsmanship and the striking and bizarre images in his work.\nBorn in Figueres, Catalonia, Dal\u00ed received his formal education in fine arts at Madrid. Influenced by Impressionism and the Renaissance masters from a young age, he became increasingly attracted to Cubism and avant-garde movements. He moved closer to Surrealism in the late 1920s and joined the Surrealist group in 1929, soon becoming one of its leading exponents. His best-known work, The Persistence of Memory, was completed in August 1931, and is one of the most famous Surrealist paintings. Dal\u00ed lived in France throughout the Spanish Civil War (1936 to 1939) before leaving for the United States in 1940 where he achieved commercial success. He returned to Catalonia in 1948 where he announced his return to the Catholic faith and developed his \"nuclear mysticism\" style, based on his interest in classicism, mysticism and recent scientific developments.Dal\u00ed's artistic repertoire included painting, graphic arts, film, sculpture, design and photography, at times in collaboration with other artists. He also wrote fiction, poetry, autobiography, essays and criticism. Major themes in his work include dreams, the subconscious, sexuality, religion, science and his closest personal relationships. To the dismay of those who held his work in high regard, and to the irritation of his critics, his eccentric and ostentatious public behavior sometimes drew more attention than his artwork. His public support for the Francoist regime, his commercial activities and the quality and authenticity of some of his late works have also been controversial. His life and work were an important influence on other Surrealists, pop art and contemporary artists such as Jeff Koons and Damien Hirst. There are two major museums devoted to his work: The Dal\u00ed Theatre-Museum in Figueres, Spain and the Salvador Dal\u00ed Museum in Florida. \n\n", "Q259379": "Anoushka Shankar (Bengali : \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be \u09b6\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09b0) (born 9 June 1981) is a Bengali sitar player and composer. Her father is Ravi Shankar, her mother is Sukanya Rajan. She is the half-sister of Norah Jones.", "Q391515": "The Palm Beach Story is a 1942 romantic screwball comedy film written and directed by Preston Sturges, and starring Claudette Colbert, Joel McCrea, Mary Astor and Rudy Vall\u00e9e. Victor Young contributed the lively musical score, including a fast-paced variation of the William Tell Overture for the opening scenes. Typical of a Sturges film, the pacing and dialogue of The Palm Beach Story are very fast.", "Q92738": "Kent Beck (born 1961) is an American software engineer and the creator of extreme programming, a software development methodology that eschews rigid formal specification for a collaborative and iterative design process. Beck was one of the 17 original signatories of the Agile Manifesto, the founding document for agile software development. Extreme and Agile methods are closely associated with Test-Driven Development (TDD), of which Beck is perhaps the leading proponent.\nBeck pioneered software design patterns, as well as the commercial application of Smalltalk. He wrote the SUnit unit testing framework for Smalltalk, which spawned the xUnit series of frameworks, notably JUnit for Java, which Beck wrote with Erich Gamma. Beck popularized CRC cards with Ward Cunningham, the inventor of the wiki.\nHe lives in San Francisco, California and worked at social media company Facebook. Kent has worked at Gusto since April 2019.\n\n", "Q18415": "Spirits of the Dead (Italian: Tre passi nel delirio, French: Histoires extraordinaires) is an \"omnibus\" film comprising three segments. The French title Histoires extraordinaires (translated to English as Extraordinary Stories) is from the first collection of Edgar Allan Poe's short stories translated by French poet Charles Baudelaire; the English title Spirits of the Dead is from an 1827 poem by Poe.\nAmerican International Pictures distributed this horror anthology film featuring three Poe stories directed by European directors Roger Vadim, Louis Malle and Federico Fellini. Jane Fonda, Alain Delon, Peter Fonda, Brigitte Bardot, and Terence Stamp are among the stars. The English-language version features narration by Vincent Price.", "Q51773": "Heidemarie Martha Stefanyshyn-Piper (born February 7, 1963) is an American Naval officer and former NASA astronaut. She has achieved the rank of Captain in the United States Navy. She is also a qualified and experienced salvage officer. Her major salvage projects include de-stranding the tanker Exxon Houston off the coast of Barbers Point, on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, and developing the plan for the Peruvian Navy salvage of the Peruvian submarine Pacocha.\nStefanyshyn-Piper has received numerous honors and awards, such as the Meritorious Service Medal, two Navy Commendation Medals, and two Navy Achievement Medals. She has flown on two Space Shuttle missions, STS-115 and STS-126, during which she completed five spacewalks totaling 33 hours and 42 minutes. As of 2020, she ranks 39th on the all-time list of space walkers by duration.", "Q240628": "Cindy Lou Hensley McCain (born May 20, 1954) is an American businesswoman, philanthropist, and humanitarian. She is the widow of United States Senator, Vietnam war veteran and 2008 Republican presidential nominee John McCain from Arizona and the mother of television host and commentator Meghan McCain.\nShe was born and raised in Phoenix, Arizona as the daughter of wealthy beer distributor Jim Hensley. After receiving bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Southern California, she became a special education teacher. She married John McCain in 1980, and the couple moved to Arizona in 1981, where her husband was elected to the United States Congress the following year and reelected five more times. The couple had three children together, in addition to adopting another. From 1988 to 1995, she founded and operated a nonprofit organization, the American Voluntary Medical Team, which organized trips by medical personnel to disaster-stricken or war-torn third-world areas.\nUpon her father's death in 2000, she inherited majority control and became chair of Hensley & Co., one of the largest Anheuser-Busch beer distributors in the United States. She participated in both of her husband's presidential campaigns and, in 2008, drew both positive and negative scrutiny for her appearance, demeanor, wealth, spending habits, and financial obligations. She continues to be an active philanthropist and serves on the boards of Operation Smile, Eastern Congo Initiative, CARE, and HALO Trust, frequently making overseas trips in conjunction with their activities. During the 2010s, she has become prominent in the fight against human trafficking. From 2017 until his death the following year, she dealt with her husband's battle against glioblastoma.\n\n", "Q93426": "Silvia Adriana \u021aic\u0103u (born 14 November 1970 in Gala\u0163i) is a Romanian politician and Member of the European Parliament. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists, and became an MEP on 1 January 2007 with the accession of Romania to the European Union.", "Q673015": "Norbert Eschmann (19 September 1933 \u2013 13 May 2009|sports) was a Swiss-French footballer.", "Q353640": "David Ian Hewlett (born 18 April 1968) is an English-Canadian actor, writer, director, and voice actor known for his role as Dr. Rodney McKay on the Canadian-American science fiction TV shows Stargate SG-1, Stargate Atlantis and Stargate Universe. He is also known for his two 1993 guest appearances on Shining Time Station, portraying nosy journalist Ted Typo.\nHewlett first gained fame for his roles as Grant Jansky in the Canadian TV series Traders (1996\u20142000) and as David Worth in the Canadian psychological horror film Cube (1997). He had earlier appeared in the horror film Pin (1988) and the science-fiction film Scanners II: The New Order (1991). More recently, Hewlett had a prominent supporting role in Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011), portraying bad-tempered airplane pilot Douglas Hunsiker opposite John Lithgow and Andy Serkis.", "Q133118": "Urfa, officially known as \u015eanl\u0131urfa (pronounced [\u0283an\u02c8\u026b\u026fu\u027efa]; Arabic: al-Ruha\u200e; Kurdish: Riha; Armenian: \u0548\u0582\u057c\u0570\u0561, romanized: U\u1e59ha; Syriac: \u0710\u0718\u072a\u0717\u071d\u200e, romanized: \u016arh\u0101i and known in ancient times as Edessa, is a city with a population of over 2 million residents in south-eastern Turkey, and the capital of \u015eanl\u0131urfa Province. Urfa is a multiethnic city with a Turkish, Kurdish, Armenian and Arab population. Urfa is situated on a plain about eighty kilometres east of the Euphrates River. Its climate features extremely hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters.", "Q1274944": "Alix Mathurin (French pronunciation: \u200b[aliks maty\u02c8\u0281\u025b\u0303]; born 28 December 1977) better known as Kery James, is a French rapper, singer, songwriter, dancer and record producer from Orly, who was born in Guadeloupe to Haitian parents. Prior to his solo career, he was in Id\u00e9al J where he was known as Daddy Kery. He is also part of French hip hop and rap collective Mafia K-1 Fry.", "Q343453": "Frederick Christopher Klein (born March 14, 1979) is an American actor who is best known for playing Chris 'Oz' Ostreicher in the American Pie comedy teen films, and more recently, the serial killer Cicada on The Flash.", "Q537189": "Roselea Arbana \"Rose\" Maddox (August 15, 1925 \u2013 April 15, 1998) was an American country singer-songwriter and fiddle player, who was the lead singer with the Maddox Brothers and Rose before a successful solo career. Her musical styles straddled hillbilly music, rockabilly and gospel. She was noted for her \"reputation as a lusty firebrand\", and her \"colorful Western costumes\"; she was one of the earliest clients of Hollywood tailor Nathan Turk.", "Q86995": "Walter Johannes Stein (6 February 1891, in Vienna \u2013 7 July 1957, in London) was an Austrian philosopher, Waldorf school teacher, Grail researcher, and one of the pioneers of anthroposophy.", "Q969468": "Carlton Earl \"Carl\" Anderson (February 27, 1945 \u2013 February 23, 2004) was an American singer, film and theater actor best known for his portrayal of Judas Iscariot in the Broadway and film versions of the rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice. Anderson and singer-actress Gloria Loring performed the duet \"Friends and Lovers\", which reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1986.", "Q631226": "Fluke was an English electronic music group formed in the late 1980s by Mike Bryant, Jon Fugler and Mike Tournier. The band's conception was influenced by the members' interest in the burgeoning acid house music scene and particularly the work of Cabaret Voltaire and Giorgio Moroder.\nThe band was noted for its diverse range of electronic styles spanning the house, techno, ambient and blues genres; for their reclusivity, rarely giving interviews; and for lengthy timespans between albums. Many listeners know of Fluke only through the inclusion of their music in many blockbuster film soundtracks, most notably The Matrix Reloaded and Sin City, as well as featuring prominently on the soundtracks to Need for Speed: Underground and the Wipeout video game series. The film The Experiment uses their song \"YKK\".\nFluke produced five original studio albums, two \"best of\" compilations and two live albums. Throughout their career they have made several changes to their line-up with credited appearances attributed to Neil Davenport playing guitars, Robin Goodridge on drums and Hugh Bryder as a DJ. When Fluke was touring for Risotto they were joined on stage by Rachel Stewart who acted as a personification of the band's official mascot, a character from the Wipeout series named Arial Tetsuo. Stewart continued as lead female vocalist and as a dancer for all of Fluke's live performances between 1997 and 1999.\nAfter Risotto, Tournier left the group to form Syntax with Jan Burton. Bryant and Fugler went on to produce Fluke's final studio album without Tournier's help, and the pair subsequently engaged in a project under the name 2 Bit Pie, with their first album 2Pie Island released on 4 September 2006.", "Q573913": "Anthony Rolfe Johnson (5 November 1940 \u2013 21 July 2010) was an English operatic tenor.", "Q350349": "Patrick Leagas is a British musician. Leagas was a founding member of Death In June. After leaving Death In June in 1985 during a tour in Italy, Leagas formed Sixth Comm in 1986 and began working under the name Patrick O-Kill. Leagas later met vocalist Amodali at a Liverpool club in 1989. The two collaborated extensively in the 1990s as Mother Destruction. Leagas has also since appeared live a few times at Death In June shows.", "Q169564": "Carnage is a 2011 black comedy film directed by Roman Polanski, based on the Tony Award-winning play Le Dieu du carnage by French playwright Yasmina Reza. The screenplay is by Reza and Polanski. The film is an international co-production of France, Germany, Poland, and Spain. It stars Jodie Foster, Kate Winslet, Christoph Waltz, and John C. Reilly.\nIn the film, presented in a classic case of much ado about nothing, two sets of parents try to resolve a situation in a civilised manner. But, the actual matter aside, it is their own idiosyncrasies that rise to the surface.\nCarnage premiered at the 2011 Venice International Film Festival on 1 September 2011, where it competed for the Golden Lion. It was theatrically released on 18 November 2011. The film received positive reviews with critics drawing major acclaim towards the performances of Foster and Winslet and Polanski's direction.\nAt the 69th Golden Globe Awards, Foster and Winslet received nominations for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. It is currently Polanski's last film to be shot in English.", "Q347635": "Michel Louis Edmond Galabru (27 October 1922 \u2013 4 January 2016) was a French actor.", "Q170035": "Ratatouille is a 2007 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It was the eighth film produced by Pixar, and was written and directed by Brad Bird, who took over from Jan Pinkava in 2005, and produced by Brad Lewis, from an original idea from Pinkava and Jim Capobianco. The title refers to the French dish ratatouille, which is served at the end of the film and also references the animal type of the main character, a rat. The plot follows a rat named Remy, who dreams of becoming a chef and tries to achieve his goal by forming an alliance with a Parisian restaurant's garbage boy. \nThe film stars the voices of Patton Oswalt as Remy, an anthropomorphic rat who is interested in cooking; Lou Romano as Alfredo Linguini, a young garbage boy who befriends Remy; Ian Holm as Skinner, the head chef of Auguste Gusteau's restaurant; Janeane Garofalo as Colette Tatou, a r\u00f4tisseur at Gusteau's restaurant and the staff's only female chef; Peter O'Toole as Anton Ego, a restaurant critic; Brian Dennehy as Django, Remy's father and leader of his clan; Peter Sohn as Emile, Remy's older brother; and Brad Garrett as Auguste Gusteau, a recently deceased chef.\nThe development of Ratatouille began in 2000 when Pinkava wrote the original concepts of the film. In 2005, following Pinkava's departure from Pixar, Bird was approached to direct the film and revise the story. Bird and some of the film's crew members also visited Paris for inspiration. To create the food animation used in the film, the crew consulted chefs from both France and the United States. Lewis interned at Thomas Keller's The French Laundry restaurant, where Keller developed the confit byaldi, a dish used in the film. Michael Giacchino composed the Paris-inspired music for the film.\nRatatouille premiered on June 22, 2007, at the Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles, California, with its general release June 29, 2007, in the United States. The film grossed $620.7 million and was a box office success. It received critical acclaim for Giacchino's score, voice acting, writing, and the animation. The film won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was nominated for four more, including Best Original Screenplay. It was later voted one of the 100 greatest motion pictures of the 21st century by a 2016 poll of international critics conducted by the BBC.", "Q119083": "Flavio Ambrosetti (October 8, 1919, Lugano - August 21, 2012, Ticino) was a Swiss jazz vibraphonist, saxophonist, and engineer.\nAmbrosetti's primary career was in engineering; his acclaim in jazz circles has come entirely from his activities as an occasional musician. He studied piano as a child and taught himself to play tenor and alto saxophone as a teenager. He attended engineering school in Zurich and played with Rio de Gregori during World War II; later in the decade he worked with Gil Cuppini and Hazy Osterwald. In the 1950s he played as a sideman and with his own ensemble, which included Raymond Court and George Gruntz. In the 1960s he led a quintet which included his son, Franco Ambrosetti, as well as George Gruntz and Daniel Humair, which toured and was featured on television and radio broadcasts. He expanded this ensemble to a big band in 1972, touring in Europe and playing with Dexter Gordon and Phil Woods. Gruntz became the leader of this group in 1978.", "Q91231": "Oskar Jerschke (July 17, 1861 \u2013 August 24, 1928) was a German playwright and collaborator of Arno Holz.\nJerschke was born in L\u00e4hn, the son of a military engineer and raised in the rectory of his Uncle until his father settled in Strassburg. He studied law in Strasbourg and Berlin, settling in Strasbourg as an attorney.\nAfter the First World War, when Alsace and Strassburg came under French control, he was expelled to Berlin. There he published the tragicomedy Traumulus (The Dreamer) with his childhood friend Arno Holz in 1905. The work was a great success and a film version was made in 1936 directed by Carl Froelich and starring Emil Jannings.\nJerschke died in Berlin, aged 67.", "Q264946": "Marnette Provost \"Marne\" Patterson (born April 26, 1980) is an American actress.", "Q12886": "Anderlecht (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0251nd\u0259rl\u025bxt]; French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0251\u0303d\u025b\u0281l\u025bkt]) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium). Located to the southwest of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Forest, Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, and Saint-Gilles, as well as the Flemish municipalities of Dilbeek and Sint-Pieters-Leeuw. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French\u2013Dutch).\nThere are several historically and architecturally distinct districts within Anderlecht. On 1 February 2015, the municipality had a population of around 118,414. The total area is 17.74 km2 (6.85 sq mi) which gives a population density of 6,610/km2 (17,100/sq mi). Its upper area is greener and less densely populated.\n\n", "Q1711": "Potsdam (German pronunciation: [\u02c8p\u0254t\u0361sdam] (listen); Lower Sorbian: Podstupim) is the capital and largest city of the German federal state of Brandenburg. It directly borders the German capital, Berlin, and is part of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region. It is situated on the River Havel some 25 kilometres (16 miles) southwest of Berlin's city centre.\nPotsdam was a residence of the Prussian kings and the German Kaiser until 1918. Its planning embodied ideas of the Age of Enlightenment: through a careful balance of architecture and landscape, Potsdam was intended as \"a picturesque, pastoral dream\" which would remind its residents of their relationship with nature and reason.The city lies in an area of interconnected lakes and is distinguished by a series of cultural landmarks, in particular the parks and palaces of Sanssouci, the largest World Heritage Site in Germany. The Potsdam Conference in 1945 was held at Cecilienhof Palace.\nBabelsberg, in the south-eastern part of Potsdam, was already by the 1930s the home of a major film production studio and it has enjoyed success as an important center of European film production since the fall of the Berlin Wall. The Filmstudio Babelsberg is the oldest large-scale film studio in the world.\nPotsdam developed into a centre of science in Germany in the 19th century. Today, there are three public colleges, the University of Potsdam, and more than 30 research institutes in the city.\n\n", "Q64910": "Josef Albert Meisinger (14 September 1899 \u2013 7 March 1947), also known as the \"Butcher of Warsaw\", was a SS functionary in Nazi Germany. He held a position in the Gestapo and was a member of the Nazi Party. During the early phases of World War II Meisinger served as commander of Einsatzgruppe IV on Poland. From 1941 to 1945 he worked as liaison for the Gestapo at the German embassy in Tokyo. He was arrested in Japan in 1945, convicted of war crimes and was executed in Warsaw, Poland.", "Q289428": "Ida Bell Wells-Barnett (July 16, 1862 \u2013 March 25, 1931) was an American investigative journalist, educator, and an early leader in the civil rights movement. She was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Wells arguably became the most famous black woman in America, during a life that was centered on combating prejudice and violence, who fought for equality for African Americans, especially women.Born into slavery in Holly Springs, Mississippi, Wells was freed by the Emancipation Proclamation during the American Civil War. At the age of 16, she lost both her parents and her infant brother in the 1878 yellow fever epidemic. She went to work and kept the rest of the family together with the help of her grandmother. Later moving with some of her siblings to Memphis, Tennessee, she found better pay as a teacher. Soon, Wells co-owned and wrote for the Memphis Free Speech and Headlight newspaper. Her reporting covered incidents of racial segregation and inequality.\nIn the 1890s, Wells documented lynching in the United States through her indictment called \"Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in all its Phases,\" investigating frequent claims of whites that lynchings were reserved for black criminals only. Wells exposed lynching as a barbaric practice of whites in the South used to intimidate and oppress African Americans who created economic and political competition\u2014and a subsequent threat of loss of power\u2014for whites. A white mob destroyed her newspaper office and presses as her investigative reporting was carried nationally in black-owned newspapers.\nSubjected to continued threats, Wells left Memphis for Chicago. She married and had a family, while continuing her work writing, speaking, and organizing for civil rights and the women's movement for the rest of her life. Wells was outspoken regarding her beliefs as a Black female activist and faced regular public disapproval, sometimes including from other leaders within the civil rights movement and the women's suffrage movement. She was active in women's rights and the women's suffrage movement, establishing several notable women's organizations. A skilled and persuasive speaker, Wells traveled nationally and internationally on lecture tours.", "Q203705": "Halloween III: Season of the Witch is a 1982 American science fiction horror film and the third installment in the Halloween film series. It is the first film to be written and directed by Tommy Lee Wallace. John Carpenter and Debra Hill, the creators of Halloween, return as producers. The film tells the story of Dr. Dan Challis (Tom Atkins), along with Ellie Grimbridge (Stacey Nelkin), who travel to the small town of Santa Mira, California, where he discovers that Silver Shamrock Novelties, a company run by Conal Cochran (Dan O'Herlihy), is attempting to use the mystic powers of the Stonehenge rocks to kill children when they all wear his masks and watch the Silver Shamrock commercial, to be broadcast on Halloween night. Halloween III is the only entry in the series that does not feature the series antagonist, Michael Myers. After the film's disappointing reception and box office performance, Michael Myers was brought back six years later in Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers (1988).\nIt treats the prior films in the franchise as fictional films, and the film's tagline is a reference to the one from the original as well. It also departs from the slasher genre, which the rest of the installments were a part of, and instead features a \"witchcraft\" theme with science fiction aspects. John Carpenter and Debra Hill believed that the Halloween series had the potential to be an anthology series of films that centered around the night of Halloween, with each sequel containing its own characters, setting, and storyline. Director Wallace stated that there were many ideas for Halloween-themed films, some of which could have potentially created any number of their own sequels, and that Season of the Witch was meant to be the first.\nThe frequency of graphic violence and blood is less than that of Halloween II, but the film's death scenes remain intense. As with other films in the series, suspense and tension is a key theme, and the element of violence against young children is also explored. On a budget of $2.5 million, Halloween III grossed $14.4 million at the box office in the U.S., and was the poorest performing film in the Halloween series at the time. Most critics gave the film negative reviews, due to disappointment over the absence of Michael Myers. Despite the reception, re-evaluation in later years has given Halloween III new legions of fans and has established its own reputation as a stand-alone cult film.", "Q1397375": "Francis Hopkinson (September 21, 1737 \u2013 May 9, 1791) was an author and composer. He designed Continental paper money, the first United States coin, and early versions of the American flag. He was also one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, as a delegate from New Jersey. He served in various roles in the early United States government including as a member of the Second Continental Congress and as a member of the Navy Board. He later became the first federal judge of the Eastern District Court of Pennsylvania on September 30, 1789.\n\n", "Q129140": "Mercedes Rodr\u00edguez Lambre (Spanish pronunciation: [me\u027e\u02c8se\u00f0es \u02c8lamb\u027ee]; born October 5, 1992) is an Argentine actress, singer, dancer and model. She is known to international audiences for playing the debut role of Ludmilla in the Disney Channel original series Violetta.\n\n", "Q7374": "Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, (13 August 1899 \u2013 29 April 1980) was an English film director and producer. He is one of the most influential and extensively studied filmmakers in the history of cinema. Known as \"the Master of Suspense\", he directed over 50 feature films in a career spanning six decades, becoming as well known as any of his actors thanks to his many interviews, his cameo roles in most of his films, and his hosting and producing of the television anthology Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1955\u20131965). His films garnered a total of 46 Oscar nominations and six wins.\nBorn in Leytonstone, Essex, Hitchcock entered the film industry in 1919 as a title card designer after training as a technical clerk and copy writer for a telegraph-cable company. He made his directorial debut with the silent film The Pleasure Garden (1925). His first successful film, The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1927), helped to shape the thriller genre, while his 1929 film, Blackmail, was the first British \"talkie\". Two of his 1930s thrillers, The 39 Steps (1935) and The Lady Vanishes (1938), are ranked among the greatest British films of the 20th century.\nBy 1939 Hitchcock was a filmmaker of international importance, and film producer David O. Selznick persuaded him to move to Hollywood. A string of successful films followed, including Rebecca (1940), Foreign Correspondent (1940), Suspicion (1941), Shadow of a Doubt (1943), and Notorious (1946). Rebecca won the Academy Award for Best Picture, although Hitchcock himself was only nominated as Best Director; he was also nominated for Lifeboat (1944) and Spellbound (1945), although he never won the Best Director Academy Award. \nThe \"Hitchcockian\" style includes the use of camera movement to mimic a person's gaze, thereby turning viewers into voyeurs, and framing shots to maximise anxiety and fear. The film critic Robin Wood wrote that the meaning of a Hitchcock film \"is there in the method, in the progression from shot to shot. A Hitchcock film is an organism, with the whole implied in every detail and every detail related to the whole.\"After a brief lull of commercial success in the late 1940s, Hitchcock returned to form with Strangers on a Train (1951) and Dial M For Murder (1954). By 1960 Hitchcock had directed four films often ranked among the greatest of all time: Rear Window (1954), Vertigo (1958), North by Northwest (1959), and Psycho (1960), the first and last of these garnering him Best Director nominations. In 2012, Vertigo replaced Orson Welles's Citizen Kane (1941) as the British Film Institute's greatest film ever made based on its world-wide poll of hundreds of film critics. By 2018 eight of his films had been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, including his personal favourite, Shadow of a Doubt (1943). He received the BAFTA Fellowship in 1971, the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1979 and was knighted in December that year, four months before he died.", "Q156780": "Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio, GColTE, GCIH, GColL (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0292\u0254\u027e\u0292(\u0268) s\u0250\u0303\u02c8paju] (listen)) (born 18 September 1939) is a Portuguese lawyer and politician who was the 18th President of Portugal from 1996 to 2006.", "Q441779": "Bonnie Bartlett (born June 20, 1929) is an American television and film actress. Her career spans over 60 years, with her first major role being on a 1950s daytime drama, Love of Life. She is best known for her role as Ellen Craig on the medical drama series St. Elsewhere. She and her husband, actor William Daniels, who played her fictional husband Dr. Mark Craig, won the 1986 Emmy Awards on the same night, becoming the first married couple to accomplish the feat since Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne in 1965.", "Q86981": "Peter Suchenwirt (c. 1320 \u2013 1395) was an Austrian poet and herald. (Suchenwirt was the Medieval name for heralds of the Austrian dukes.)\nHe called himself \"Knappe von den Wappen\" which is a lower position as to the herald, with the duty to blazon and explain the arms of the nobles.\nSuchenwirt was the most outstanding representative of the so-called arms poetry (de: Heroldsdichtung). Since 1372 he lived in the Vienna court of the Austrian dukes. In 1377, he joined the campaign of duke Albrecht III to Prussia. His poems are full of heraldic blazon, documenting his proficiency in heraldic terminology. \nSuchenwirt collected the material for his poems from the primary sources. For this reason he travelled a lot to the eminent personalities of his age. He was an outstanding observer, so his historical and cultural data proved to be authentic. He went to the location to give a laudation if he learnt about the death of an important person, or appeared there at the first anniversary of his death. He praised the tournament results, the virtues and field deeds of kings and nobles. As a rule, the speech ended with the description of the deceased person's arms. \nHe used gemstones to designate the tinctures, and to describe (c. 1355) the coat of arms of the Louis the Great (1342\u20131382), King of Hungary.", "Q732049": "Wolf Hoffmann (born 10 December 1959) is a German guitarist, primarily known as guitarist and the last remaining original member in the German heavy metal band Accept since 1976. In 1997, he released the album Classical with rock versions of classical pieces. He contributed to Skid Row vocalist Sebastian Bach's solo album Bring 'Em Bach Alive! and to a 2000 Japanese tribute to Randy Rhoads album called Randy Rhoads Tribute with Sebastian Bach on \"I Don't Know\" and with Joe Lynn Turner on \"Diary of a Madman\". Hoffmann also contributed to Peace Breaker by Skew Siskin.\nHoffmann has loved photography as a hobby early on, and eventually made it his second career. He took the cover photo for Objection Overruled. During Accept's hiatus from 1997, Hoffmann has worked as a professional photographer (website listed below). He is currently based in Nashville, TN, United States but also maintains a residence in Berlin, Germany.\nWolf Hoffmann is married to Gaby Hoffmann (n\u00e9e Hauke), who used to be Accept's manager. She contributed to Accept's songwriting under the pseudonym Deaffy.\nAccept reformed with Hoffmann on board in 2009. Their comeback album, Blood of the Nations, was released on 20 August 2010 to overwhelmingly positive reviews. Three follow-up albums, Stalingrad, Blind Rage and The Rise of Chaos were released successively since then.\nOn 27 November 2015, during an Accept show in London, Hoffmann revealed in an interview with Blackdiamond that he was working on a new solo album, which will probably be another in the neoclassical metal style, as his previous solo album Classical was. He also stated that this album will probably be ready to be released in 2015 but did not mention a certain time. This album turned out to be Headbangers Symphony and released on 1 July 2016.", "Q75809": "Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism that identifies with the teachings of Martin Luther, a 16th-century German reformer. Luther's efforts to reform the theology and practice of the church launched the Protestant Reformation. The reaction of the government and church authorities to the international spread of his writings, beginning with the 95 Theses, divided Western Christianity.The split between the Lutherans and the Catholics was made public and clear with the 1521 Edict of Worms: the edicts of the Diet condemned Luther and officially banned citizens of the Holy Roman Empire from defending or propagating his ideas, subjecting advocates of Lutheranism to forfeiture of all property, half of the seized property to be forfeit to the imperial government and the remaining half forfeit to the party who brought the accusation.The divide centered primarily on two points: the proper source of authority in the church, often called the formal principle of the Reformation, and the doctrine of justification, often called the material principle of Lutheran theology. Lutheranism advocates a doctrine of justification \"by grace alone through faith alone on the basis of Scripture alone\", the doctrine that scripture is the final authority on all matters of faith. This is in contrast to the belief of the Roman Catholic Church, defined at the Council of Trent, concerning authority coming from both the Scriptures and Tradition.Unlike Calvinism, Lutherans retain many of the liturgical practices and sacramental teachings of the pre-Reformation Church, with a particular emphasis on the Eucharist, or Lord's Supper. Lutheran theology differs from Reformed theology in Christology, divine grace, the purpose of God's Law, the concept of perseverance of the saints, and predestination.", "Q205360": "Muntadhar al-Zaidi (Arabic: \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a\u200e Munta\u1e93ar az-Zayd\u012b; born 15 January 1979) is an Iraqi broadcast journalist who served as a correspondent for Iraqi-owned, Egyptian-based Al-Baghdadia TV. As of February 2011, al-Zaidi works with a Lebanese TV channel.On 16 November 2007, al-Zaidi was kidnapped by unknown assailants in Baghdad. He was also previously twice arrested by the United States Armed Forces. On 14 December 2008, al-Zaidi threw his shoes at then-U.S. President George W. Bush during a Baghdad press conference while shouting \"this is a farewell kiss from the Iraqi people, you dog\". Al-Zaidi suffered injuries as he was taken into custody and some sources said he was tortured during his initial detention. There were calls throughout the Middle East to place the shoes in an Iraqi museum, but the shoes were later destroyed by US and Iraqi security forces.\nAl-Zaidi's shoeing inspired many similar incidents of political protest around the world.Following the incident, Al-Zaidi was represented by the head of the Iraqi Bar Association at trial. On 20 February 2009, al-Zaidi received a 90-minute trial by the Central Criminal Court of Iraq. On 12 March 2009, he was sentenced to three years in prison for assaulting a foreign head of state during an official visit. On 7 April, the sentence was reduced from three years to one year. He was released on 15 September 2009 for good behavior after spending nine months in jail. After his release, Al-Zaidi was treated for injuries and later said he planned to \"build orphanages, a children's hospital, and medical and orthopaedic centres offering free treatment and manned by Iraqi doctors and medical staff.\"\n\n", "Q274599": "Carmen Chaplin (born 1972) is a British and Irish actress and film director. She is the daughter of Michael Chaplin, granddaughter of Charlie Chaplin, and great-granddaughter of playwright Eugene O'Neill. Her mother is the British and Irish painter Patricia Betaudier, daughter of Trinidadian artist Patrick Betaudier.", "Q1271828": "Michael Norman Finn (3 June 1947 \u2013 11 January 2003) was the percussionist and sideman to Marc Bolan in his band Tyrannosaurus Rex (on one album, A Beard of Stars), and later, the 1970s glam rock group, T.Rex. Often confused with other musicians by the same name, Michael Norman Finn (apart from T. Rex) only toured as a sideman in the 1960s with Hapshash and the Coloured Coat. After Bolan and T.Rex's demise, he worked as a session musician for The Blow Monkeys and The Soup Dragons.\nFinn was born in Thornton Heath, Surrey, England. After he joined Tyrannosaurus Rex in late 1969, it was rumoured that Bolan had hired Finn for his good looks, and because he admired his motorcycle, rather than for his musical ability. Finn was unable to recreate the complex rhythmical patterns of his predecessor, Steve Peregrin Took, and was effectively hired as much for a visual foil for Bolan as for his drumming. The BBC news commented on this, saying \"Marc Bolan was supposed to have said of Finn: 'He can't sing... but he looks superb.'\"Mickey Finn stated, on a radio show in Denmark on which he and Marc Bolan were appearing as guest DJs, that his big influence in percussion was the prolific Master Henry Gibson from Curtis Mayfield's band. In 1969\u20131971, Finn's contribution to Bolan's music, as bongocero, backing vocalist and occasional bass guitarist, was essential, because T. Rex started off as Tyrannosaurus Rex, a duo and Marc needed a replacement for Steve Peregrin Took. Something of a character both on and off stage, Finn was often to be seen wearing a hat (including a green bowler), a trademark that was adopted by a significant proportion of T. Rex fans.\nDuring the late 1980s and early 1990s, Finn made a handful of guest appearances with the West London rock band, Checkpoint Charlie, fronted by Mick Lexington.\nIn 1991 he joined Croydon R'n'B band WD40, which had a fluid line-up based around his very old friend drummer Stewart Childs (the Interns) harp & vocalist Colin Goody and vocalist and guitarist Pete Robins. The band then added guitarists, percussion etc. as required but Finn was forced to retire after about 12 months due to failing health. A couple of live tracks survive from this line up. Finn was also invited to play at the Marc Bolan 50th Anniversary gig organized by Mick Gray (ex T.Rex tour manager and roadie) to celebrate what would have been Bolan's 50th Birthday at the Cambridge Corn Exchange on 30 September 1997 where Gray was manager. \nFinn returned to the mainstream music scene in 1997, fronting a new version of T. Rex, Mickey Finn's T. Rex, playing old T. Rex songs until his last days.T. Rex is announced as one of the 2020 inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, with the official ceremony scheduled for May 2, 2020.", "Q12892": "Antwerp ( (listen); Dutch: Antwerpen [\u02c8\u0251nt\u028b\u025brp\u0259(n)] (listen); French: Anvers [\u0251\u0303v\u025b\u0281s] (listen); Spanish: Amberes) is a city in Belgium and the capital of Antwerp province in the Flemish Region. With a population of 520,504, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium, and with a metropolitan population of around 1,200,000 people, it is the second largest metropolitan region after Brussels.Antwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the river's Westerschelde estuary. It is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Brussels, and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of the Dutch border. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. The city is also known for its diamond industry and trade.\nBoth economically and culturally, Antwerp is and has long been an important city in the Low Countries, especially before and during the Spanish Fury (1576) and throughout and after the subsequent Dutch Revolt. Antwerp was also the place of the world's oldest stock exchange building, originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872.The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed Sinjoren (Dutch pronunciation: [s\u026a\u0272\u02c8jo\u02d0r\u0259(n)]), after the Spanish honorific se\u00f1or or French seigneur, \"lord\", referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "Q909388": "Luis Usera Bugallal (July 8, 1890, in Talavera de la Reina - August 7, 1958, in Madrid) was the President of Real Madrid between 1930 and 1935.", "Q2738543": "Esperidi\u00e3o Amin Helou Filho (December 21, 1947) is a Brazilian politician. Born to a family of businessmen and politicians of Lebanese origin, he was twice elected governor of the state of Santa Catarina and twice mayor of the city of Florian\u00f3polis, its capital. He was Senator of the Republic between 1991 and 1999 and national president of the Progressive Party. In 1994, he ran for President of Brazil, but was not elected. He is married to Angela Amin, a federal congresswoman in the National Congress of Brazil and twice mayor of Florian\u00f3polis.\nAmin studied Business Administration and Law at Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). He completed his master's degree in management and is a professor in the areas of business, economics, law and planning at UFSC.\n\n", "Q471862": "Semion Yudkovich Mogilevich (Ukrainian: \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0301\u043d \u042e\u0301\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447, romanized: Sem\u00e9n J\u00fadkovych Mohyl\u00e9vych [se\u02c8m\u025bn \u02c8judkow\u026at\u0283 mo\u0266\u026a\u02c8l\u025bw\u026at\u0283]; born June 30, 1946) is a Ukrainian-born, Russian organized crime boss, described by agencies in the European Union and United States as the \"boss of bosses\" of most Russian Mafia syndicates in the world. Mogilevich is believed to direct a vast criminal empire and is described by the FBI as \"the most dangerous mobster in the world.\" He has been accused by the FBI of \"weapons trafficking, contract murders, extortion, drug trafficking, and prostitution on an international scale.\"Mogilevich's nicknames include \"Don Semyon\" and \"The Brainy Don\" (because of his business acumen). According to US diplomatic cables, he is said to control RosUkrEnergo, a company actively involved in Russia\u2013Ukraine gas disputes, and a partner of Raiffeisen Bank.He now lives freely in Moscow, and has three children. He is most closely associated with the Solntsevskaya Bratva crime group. Mogilevich has close alliances with political figures including Yury Luzhkov, the former Mayor of Moscow, Dmytro Firtash, and Leonid Derkach, former head of the Security Service of Ukraine. Oleksandr Turchynov, who was designated as acting President of Ukraine in February 2014, appeared in court in 2010 for allegedly destroying files pertaining to Mogilevich. Russian FSB defector Alexander Litvinenko, shortly before his assassination, claimed that Mogilevich had a \"good relationship\" with Vladimir Putin since the 1990s.", "Q70971": "Wilhelm Heinrich, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (10 November 1691 \u2013 26 July 1741), was a duke of Saxe-Eisenach.\nHe was born in Oranjewoud, the eldest and only surviving son of Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach and his first wife Amalie of Nassau-Dietz.\nWilhelm Heinrich first married Albertine Juliane of Nassau-Idstein (daughter George August, Count of Nassau-Idstein) in Idstein on 15 February 1713. This marriage was childless. He married his second wife Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt in Berlin on 3 June 1723, just eight months after the death of Albertine Juliane. The second marriage was also childless.\nWilhelm Heinrich acceded to the duchy of Saxe-Eisenach in 1729 upon the death of his father and was succeeded by his second cousin, duke Ernst August I of Saxe-Weimar. The personal union between Eisenach and Weimar created by this succession was only nominal until 1809, when the two patrimonies were formally united. He died in Eisenach.", "Q285206": "Gr\u00e9goire Colin (born 27 July 1975) is a French actor, producer, screenwriter, and director.", "Q174247": "M\u00e2con (French pronunciation: \u200b[m\u0251.k\u0254\u0303]), historically anglicised as Mascon, is a city in east-central France. It is the prefecture of the department of Sa\u00f4ne-et-Loire in Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9. M\u00e2con is home to near 34,000 residents, who are referred to in French as M\u00e2connais. The city gave its name to the nearby vineyards and wine 'appellation'.\n\n", "Q56008": "Timothy Walter Burton (born August 25, 1958) is an American director, producer, artist, writer, and animator. He is known for his gothic fantasy and horror films such as Beetlejuice (1988), Edward Scissorhands (1990), The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993), Ed Wood (1994), Sleepy Hollow (1999), Corpse Bride (2005), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007), Dark Shadows (2012), and Frankenweenie (2012). He is also known for blockbuster films, such as the adventure-comedy Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985), the superhero films Batman (1989) and its first sequel, Batman Returns (1992), the sci-fi film Planet of the Apes (2001), the fantasy-drama Big Fish (2003), the musical adventure film Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), the fantasy film Alice in Wonderland (2010), and the film adaptation of Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (2016).\nBurton has often worked with actor Johnny Depp and composer Danny Elfman, who has composed scores for all but three of the films Burton has directed. Helena Bonham Carter, Burton's former domestic partner, has appeared in many of his films. He wrote and illustrated the poetry book The Melancholy Death of Oyster Boy & Other Stories, published in 1997 by British publishing house Faber and Faber, and a compilation of his drawings, sketches and other artwork, entitled The Art of Tim Burton, was released in 2009. A follow-up to that book, entitled The Napkin Art of Tim Burton: Things You Think About in a Bar, containing sketches made by Burton on napkins at bars and restaurants he occasionally visits, was released in 2015.", "Q95043": "James Edmund Caan (born March 26, 1940) is an American actor. After early roles in The Glory Guys (1965), for which he received a Golden Globe nomination, El Dorado (1967), and The Rain People (1969), he came to prominence in the 1970s with significant roles in films such as Brian's Song (1971), Cinderella Liberty (1973), The Gambler (1974), Freebie and the Bean (1974), Rollerball (1975), Funny Lady (1975), A Bridge Too Far (1977) and Chapter Two (1979). For his signature role in The Godfather (1972), that of hot-tempered Sonny Corleone, Caan was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the corresponding Golden Globe.\nCaan's subsequent notable performances include roles in Thief (1981), Misery (1990), For the Boys (1991), Eraser (1996), Bottle Rocket (1996) and Elf (2003), as well as the role of \"Big Ed\" Deline in the television series Las Vegas (2003\u201308). He also prominently lent his voice to Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009) and Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2 (2013).\nFor his contributions to the film industry, Caan was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1978 with a motion pictures star located at 6648 Hollywood Boulevard.", "Q444601": "Maud Gonne MacBride (Irish: Maud Nic Ghoinn Bean Mac Giolla Bhr\u00edghde, 21 December 1866 \u2013 27 April 1953) was an English-born Irish republican revolutionary, suffragette and actress. Of Anglo-Irish descent, she was won over to Irish nationalism by the plight of evicted people in the Land Wars. She also actively agitated for Home Rule.", "Q2281721": "Teddington is a suburb in South West London, England. Historically in Middlesex, it has been part of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames since 1965. Teddington is on a long meander of the Thames between Hampton Wick and Strawberry Hill, Twickenham. Mostly residential, it stretches from the river to Bushy Park with a long high street of shops, restaurants and pubs. There is a suspension bridge over the lowest non-tidal lock on the Thames, Teddington Lock. At Teddington's centre is a mid-rise urban development, containing offices and apartments.", "Q173528": "Gianfranco \"Franco\" Comotti (July 24, 1906 \u2013 May 10, 1963) was an Italian racecar driver. He participated in two World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 3 September 1950. He scored no championship points. He also participated in numerous non-Championship Formula One races.", "Q85250": "Florian Hufsky (b. Villach, November 13, 1986 \u2013 d. Vienna, December 16, 2009) was an Austrian new media artist, political activist, founder and former board member of the Pirate Party of Austria. He studied graphic design at the University of Applied Arts Vienna, but committed suicide before he could finish his studies.Hufsky was a founding member of both the Viennese branch of Graffiti Research Lab and soup.io. He also created the Super Mario derivate Super Mario War, was a member of the programming and design group \"72dpiarmy\" and of Vienna's hackerspace Metalab. In cooperation with Michael Zeltner he enhanced the open source laser graffiti software of the Graffiti Research Lab (GRL) in New York, and participated at the Ars Electronica Festival in Linz as well as at the 2007 DigiTaika in Helsinki.Hufsky organized the first international conference of the pirate parties, together with J\u00fcrgen 'Juxi' Leitner and support from Andreas Leo Findeisen and Johannes Grenzfurthner.\nAt the PPI general assembly 2011 Rickard Falkvinge honoured Hufsky's involvement in helping to start the international movement by dedicating his closing keynote to him.\n\n", "Q181966": "Naha (\u90a3\u8987\u5e02, Naha-shi, Japanese: [na\ua71cha], Okinawan: N\u0101fa or Nafa) is the capital city of the Okinawa Prefecture, the southernmost prefecture of Japan.\nAs of 1 June 2019, the city has an estimated population of 317,405 and a population density of 7,939 persons per km\u00b2. The total area is 39.98 km\u00b2.\nNaha is a city on the East China Sea coast of the southern part of Okinawa Island, the largest of Okinawa Prefecture. The modern city was officially founded on May 20, 1921. Before that, Naha had been for centuries one of the most important and populous sites in Okinawa.\nNaha is the political, economic and education center of Okinawa Prefecture. In the medieval and early modern periods, it was the commercial center of the Ry\u016bky\u016b Kingdom.", "Q1176899": "David Tronzo (born 1957) is an American guitarist, best known for his innovation of pairing the techniques of electric slide guitar with the genres of bebop, modern jazz, rock, downtown music, and experimental music. He has recorded with former David Bowie guitarist Reeves Gabrels, Wayne Horvitz, David Sanborn, and The Lounge Lizards.\n\n", "Q93432": "And When Did You Last See Your Father? is a 2007 British drama film directed by Anand Tucker. The screenplay by David Nicholls is based on the 1993 memoir of the same title by Blake Morrison.\n\n", "Q215": "Slovenia ( (listen) sloh-VEE-nee-\u0259; Slovene: Slovenija [sl\u0254\u02c8\u028b\u00e8\u02d0nija]), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: Republika Slovenija , abbr.: RS), is a country located in Central Europe at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest. Slovenia covers 20,273 square kilometers (7,827 sq mi) and has a population of 2.084 million. One of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, Slovenia is now a parliamentary republic and member nation of the European Union, United Nations, and NATO. The capital and largest city is Ljubljana.Slovenia has a mostly mountainous terrain with a mainly continental climate, with the exception of the Slovene Littoral, which has a sub-Mediterranean climate, and of the Julian Alps in the northwest, which have an Alpine climate. Additionally, the Dinaric Alps and the Pannonian Plain meet on the territory of Slovenia. The country, marked by a significant biological diversity, is one of the most water-rich in Europe, with a dense river network, a rich aquifer system, and significant karst underground watercourses. Over half of the territory is covered by forest. The human settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven.Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of Slavic, Germanic, and Romance languages and cultures. Although the population is not quite homogeneous, Slovenes comprise the majority. The South Slavic language Slovene is the official language throughout the country. Slovenia is a largely secularized country, but Catholicism and Lutheranism have significantly influenced its culture and identity. The economy of Slovenia is small, open and export-oriented and is thus strongly influenced by the conditions of its exporting partners' economies. This is especially true with Germany; Slovenia's biggest trade partner. Like most of the developed world, Slovenia was severely hurt by the Eurozone crisis beginning in 2009, but started to recover in 2014. The main economic driver for the country is the services industry, followed by manufacturing and construction.Historically, the territory of Slovenia has formed part of many different states, such as: the Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Carolingian Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Republic of Venice, the French-administered Illyrian Provinces of the First French Empire of Napoleon I, the Austrian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire. In October 1918, the Slovenes exercised self-determination for the first time by co-founding the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. In December 1918 they merged with the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929).\nDuring World War II (1939\u20131945) Germany, Italy, and Hungary occupied and annexed Slovenia (1941\u20131945), with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia, a Nazi puppet state. In 1945 Slovenia became a founding member of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, renamed in 1963 as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In the first years after World War II this state was initially allied with the Eastern Bloc, but because of the Tito-Stalin split in 1948 it never subscribed to the Warsaw Pact and in 1961 became one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement.\nIn June 1991, after the introduction of multi-party representative democracy, Slovenia became the first republic that split from Yugoslavia and became an independent sovereign state. In 2004, it entered NATO and the European Union; in 2007 became the first formerly communist country to join the Eurozone; and in 2010 it joined the OECD, a global association of high-income developed countries. Slovenia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index. It ranks 12th in the inequality-adjusted human development index.", "Q172636": "Travis Webb (October 8, 1910\u2014January 27, 1990), nicknamed \"Spider\", was an American racecar driver from Joplin, Missouri. He died at the age of 79 in McMinnville, Oregon.He was known to his friends as \"Webbie\". In 1948 he surprised many when he won the middle west big car championship sanctioned by the American Automobile Association. He had a portable bar in the trunk of his car at all times and was known for his free spirit and his humor.", "Q315601": "Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim (5 February 1840 \u2013 24 November 1916) was an American-born British inventor best known as the creator of the first portable fully automatic machine gun, the Maxim gun. Maxim held patents on numerous mechanical devices such as hair-curling irons, a mousetrap, and steam pumps. Maxim laid claim to inventing the lightbulb.Maxim experimented with powered flight; his large aircraft designs were never successful. He designed a highly successful amusement ride called the \"Captive Flying Machine\" to fund his research while generating public interest in flight.Maxim moved from the United States to the United Kingdom at the age of 41, and remained an American citizen until he became a naturalised British subject in 1899, and received a knighthood in 1901.", "Q372842": "S.W.A.T.: Firefight is a 2011 American direct-to-DVD action crime film directed by Benny Boom. It is a sequel to the 2003 film S.W.A.T., based on the 1975 S.W.A.T. television series. Despite its name, the film does not feature any of the original cast nor are there any mentions of the previous film.\nA sequel, S.W.A.T.: Under Siege, was released in 2017.\n\n", "Q115875": "Pius Segm\u00fcller (born 8 March 1952) is a Swiss politician and former commander of the Swiss Guard in the Vatican City (1998-2002).\nSegm\u00fcller was appointed Commander of the Swiss Guard following the death of Alois Estermann. In 2002, he was succeeded by Elmar M\u00e4der and became head of the police of the city of Lucerne (2002-2006).\nIn October 2007, Segm\u00fcller was elected to the Swiss National Council as a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC) from the Canton of Lucerne. In 2011 Swiss federal election he was not re-elected.\nHe is currently Director of Security for the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA).", "Q57316": "Volker Schl\u00f6ndorff (born 31 March 1939) is a German filmmaker who has worked in Germany, France and the United States. He was a prominent member of the New German Cinema of the late 1960s and early 1970s, which also included Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, Margarethe von Trotta and Rainer Werner Fassbinder.\nHe won an Oscar as well as the Palme d'or at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival for The Tin Drum (1979), the film version of the novel by Nobel Prize-winning author G\u00fcnter Grass.", "Q1676368": "John Meade Falkner (8 May 1858 \u2013 22 July 1932) was an English novelist and poet, best known for his 1898 novel, Moonfleet. An extremely successful businessman as well, he became chairman of the arms manufacturer Armstrong Whitworth during World War I.", "Q1607591": "Henson Cargill (February 5, 1941 \u2013 March 24, 2007) was an American country music singer best known for the socially controversial 1968 Country No. 1 hit \"Skip a Rope\". His music career began in Oklahoma in clubs around Oklahoma City and Tulsa. He earned national recognition after getting a Nashville producer to agree to produce \"Skip a Rope\".\nCargill had a number of Top 20 hits including \"Row Row Row\" (1968), \"None of My Business\", and \"The Most Uncomplicated Goodbye I Ever Heard\" (1970). Later hits included \"Some Old California Memory\" and \"Silence on the Line\". He also had a television show and performed for many years in Reno and Las Vegas.\n\n", "Q267283": "Dyanne Thorne (October 14, 1936 \u2013 January 28, 2020) was an American actress, stage performer and vocalist. She was known for her stage work in Las Vegas and as the lead actress in the Ilsa film franchise which began with Ilsa, She Wolf of the SS (1975).", "Q11425": "Animation is a method in which pictures are manipulated to appear as moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film. Today, most animations are made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). Computer animation can be very detailed 3D animation, while 2D computer animation can be used for stylistic reasons, low bandwidth or faster real-time renderings. Other common animation methods apply a stop motion technique to two and three-dimensional objects like paper cutouts, puppets or clay figures.\nCommonly the effect of animation is achieved by a rapid succession of sequential images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion\u2014as in motion pictures in general\u2014is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon and beta movement, but the exact causes are still uncertain.\nAnalog mechanical animation media that rely on the rapid display of sequential images include the ph\u00e9nakisticope, zoetrope, flip book, praxinoscope and film. Television and video are popular electronic animation media that originally were analog and now operate digitally. For display on the computer, techniques like animated GIF and Flash animation were developed.\nAnimation is more pervasive than many people realize. Apart from short films, feature films, television series, animated GIF's and other media dedicated to the display of moving images, animation is also prevalent in video games, motion graphics, user interfaces and visual effects.The physical movement of image parts through simple mechanics \u2013 in for instance moving images in magic lantern shows \u2013 can also be considered animation. The mechanical manipulation of three-dimensional puppets and objects to emulate living beings has a very long history in automata. Electronic automata were popularized by Disney as animatronics.\nAnimators are artists who specialize in creating animation.", "Q4846044": "Jethro Pugh Jr. (July 3, 1944 \u2013 January 7, 2015) was an American football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys for fourteen seasons. He played college football at Elizabeth City State College.\n\n", "Q58743": "G\u00fcnther Rall (10 March 1918 \u2013 4 October 2009) was a highly decorated German military aviator, officer and General, whose military career spanned nearly forty years. Rall was the third most successful fighter pilot in aviation history, behind Gerhard Barkhorn, who is second, and Erich Hartmann, who is first.Rall was born in Gaggenau, the German Empire, in March 1918. Rall grew up in the Weimar Republic. In 1933 the Nazi Party seized power and Rall, deciding upon a military career, joined the Wehrmacht (Nazi German Armed Forces) in 1936 to train as an infantry soldier (Landser). Rall transferred to the Luftwaffe soon after and he qualified as a fighter pilot in 1938.\nIn September 1939 World War II began with the German invasion of Poland. Rall was assigned to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52\u2014Fighter Wing 52) and flew combat patrols in the Phoney War period on the Western Front. Rall flew combat missions in the Battle of France and Battle of Britain, claiming one enemy aircraft destroyed in May 1940. Rall's wing sustained heavy casualties and the then-22 year old was appointed to Staffelkapit\u00e4n (Squadron Leader). He then served in the Balkans Campaign in April and May 1941 without success.\nIn June 1941, JG 52 moved to the Eastern Front, where it remained from Operation Barbarossa until the end of the war. Rall claimed his first successes in the air defence of Romania. In November 1941, he was shot down, wounded and invalidated from flying for a year. At this time Rall had claimed 36 aerial victories. His achievements earned him the German Cross in Gold in December 1941.\nRall returned in August 1942 and was awarded the Knight's Cross on 3 September 1942 for 65 enemy aircraft shot down. By 22 October Rall had claimed 100 and received the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves. He reached 200 in late August 1943. On 12 September 1943 he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, the second highest military award in the Third Reich at the time of the presentation. By the end of 1943 Rall had achieved over 250.\nIn April 1944 Rall left JG 52 and the Eastern Front. He was given command of II./Jagdgeschwader 11 and served in the Defence of the Reich where he was wounded for a third time. In November 1944 Rall was appointed as an instructor and flew captured Allied fighter aircraft in order to prepare instruction notes on their performance to German fighter pilots. Rall ended the war with an unsuccessful stint commanding Jagdgeschwader 300 near Salzburg, Austria, where he surrendered in May 1945.\nDuring World War II Rall was credited with the destruction of 275 enemy aircraft in 621 combat missions. He was shot down five times and wounded on three occasions. Rall claimed all of his victories in a Messerschmitt Bf 109, though he also flew the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 operationally. All but three of his claims were against Soviet opposition.\nRall joined the West German Air Force in 1956, served as Inspector of the Air Force from 1971 to 1974, and as the German representative to the NATO Military Committee until 1975. After his retirement Rall became a consultant. Among his post-war achievements was the presentation of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was awarded to him for his post-1945 service.", "Q258715": "Arno\u0161t Lustig (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8arno\u0283t \u02c8lust\u026ak]; 21 December 1926 \u2013 26 February 2011) was a renowned Czech Jewish author of novels, short stories, plays, and screenplays whose works have often involved the Holocaust.", "Q1360931": "Jerry Rivera (born July 31, 1973) is a Puerto Rican salsa singer and songwriter.", "Q123479": "Siegmund Freiherr von Pranckh (5 December 1821, Alt\u00f6tting, Upper Bavaria \u2013 May 8, 1888, Munich), descendant of the ancient Austrian noble family Pranckh, originally residentiary in the former March and later Duchy of Styria, was a Bavarian general and Minister of War. Pranckh joined the army in Munich in 1840 from the cadet corps and in 1849 (having risen to captain) worked on the staff of the Generalquartiermeister. He remained in the War Department until 1863 before entering the 3rd Infantry Regiment as an oberst and then in 1865 entered the Lifeguards Regiment, with which he fought in the Austro-Prussian War, participating in the battle of Kissingen and the storming of N\u00fcdlingen. Shortly afterwards, Pranckh (as war minister) and in 1868 reorganised the Bavarian Army.\nImmediately after the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War he rose to Lieutenant General, and prudently and effectively organized the Bavarian army and its munitions after it had suffered considerable losses. He was also significantly involved in the conclusion of the Treaty of Versailles on 23 November 1870. For his achievements he was granted an endowment of 100,000 crowns from the war compensation awards.\nIn 1872 Pranckh initiated a further army reform. At the start of 1875 he was appointed General der Infanterie and on 4 April 1875 appointed captain-general of the Hartschier guards. As he requested, he was released from leading the war ministry in 1876, and became Generalkapit\u00e4n of the Hartschier guard.\nHe is buried in the Old Southern Cemetery in Munich.", "Q68680": "Valeyres-sous-Ursins is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q19079": "The Republican People's Party (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi [d\u0292umhu\u02d0\u027ei\u02c8jet ha\u026bk pa\u027e\u02c8tisi], CHP) is a Kemalist, social-democratic political party in Turkey. It is the oldest political party in the country, and is currently the main opposition in the Grand National Assembly. The CHP describes itself as \"a modern social democratic party, which is faithful to the founding principles and values of the Republic of Turkey\". The party is cited as \"the founding party of modern Turkey\". Its logo consists of the Six Arrows, which represent the foundational principles of Kemalism: republicanism, nationalism, statism, populism, laicism, and reformism.\nThe political party was established during the Sivas Congress in 1919 as a union of resistance groups against the Greek invasion of Anatolia. The union represented Turkish people as a unified front during the Turkish War of Independence (1919\u20131923). On 9 September 1923, the \"People's Party\" declared itself to be a political organization and on 29 October 1923, announced the establishment of the Turkish Republic. On 10 November 1924, the People's Party renamed itself the \"Republican People's Party\" (CHP) as Turkey moved into a one-party period.\nDuring the one-party period, the CHP became the major political organisation of a one-party state. However, CHP faced two opposition parties during this period, both established upon the request of CHP leader and founder of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, in efforts to kick-start a multi-party democracy in Turkey. The first one was the Progressive Republican Party established in 1924 by famous generals such as Kaz\u0131m Karabekir and Ali Fuat Cebesoy, who both served during the Turkish War of Independence, and the second was the Liberal Republican Party founded by Ali Fethi Okyar in 1930. Both parties, however, were banned within a few months of their establishment by the state for veering too closely to Islamism. This experience was followed by the founding of the National Development Party by Nuri Demira\u011f in 1945.\nThe current structure of the party was established within the transition to the multi-party period. After World War II, the leader of the CHP, \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, introduced democratic elections to Turkish society. There was widespread dissatisfaction with the CHP in the four years after its victory at the first multi-party general election. The party lost the following elections in 1950, and Cel\u00e2l Bayar replaced \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc as president.\nDuring the interim \"multi-party periods\" in between the military coups of 1960, 1971, and 1980, the CHP was regarded as being social-democratic (a member of Socialist International), civic nationalist and secularist/laicist.\nThe CHP, along with all other political parties of the time, was suspended for a brief period by the military junta of 1980. An inheritor party which still participates in Turkish democratic life as a separate party was established in 1984 by the name of the Democratic Left Party (DSP), created by the former leader of the CHP, B\u00fclent Ecevit. The CHP was re-established with its original name on 9 September 1992, with the participation of a majority of its members from the pre-1980 period.", "Q93354": "Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 \u2013 December 21, 1940) was an American essayist, novelist, screenwriter, and short-story writer, although he was best known for his novels depicting the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Age\u2014a term which he coined. Although he temporarily achieved popular success and fortune, Fitzgerald did not receive much critical acclaim until after his death. He published four novels, four collections of short stories, as well as 164 short stories in magazines during his lifetime. Fitzgerald is widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century.\nFitzgerald was born into an upper-middle-class family in St. Paul, Minnesota, but was primarily raised in New York. He attended Princeton University, but due to a failed relationship and a preoccupation with writing, he dropped out in 1917 to join the army. While stationed in Alabama, he fell in love with rich socialite Zelda Sayre. Although she initially rejected him due to his financial situation, Zelda agreed to marry Fitzgerald after he had published the commercially successful This Side of Paradise (1920). \nIn the 1920s, Fitzgerald frequented Europe, where he was influenced by the modernist writers and artists of the \"Lost Generation\" expatriate community, particularly Ernest Hemingway. His second novel, The Beautiful and Damned (1922), propelled him into the New York City elite. To maintain his lifestyle during this time, he also wrote several stories for magazines. His third novel, The Great Gatsby (1925), was inspired by his rise to fame and relationship with Zelda. Although it received mixed reviews, The Great Gatsby is now widely praised, with some even labeling it the \"Great American Novel\". While Zelda was placed at a mental institute for her schizophrenia, Fitzgerald completed his final novel, Tender Is the Night (1934).\nFaced with financial difficulties due to the declining popularity of his works, Fitzgerald turned to Hollywood, writing and revising screenplays. After a long struggle with alcoholism, he died in 1940, at the age of 44. A fifth, unfinished novel, The Last Tycoon (1941), was completed by Edmund Wilson and published after Fitzgerald's death. \n\n", "Q665105": "The University of Delhi, informally known as Delhi University (DU), is a collegiate public central university, located in New Delhi, India. It was founded in 1922 by an Act of the Central Legislative Assembly. As a collegiate university, its main functions are divided between the academic departments of the university and affiliated colleges. Consisting of three colleges, two faculties, and 750 students at its founding, the University of Delhi has since become India's largest institution of higher learning and among the largest in the world. The university currently consists of 16 faculties and 86 departments distributed across its North and South campuses. It has 77 affiliated colleges and 5 other institutes. The Vice-President of India serves as the University's chancellor.", "Q730138": "Tony Isabella (born December 22, 1951) is an American comic book writer, editor, artist and critic, known as the creator and writer of Marvel Comics' Black Goliath; DC Comics' first major African-American superhero, Black Lightning; and as a columnist and critic for the Comics Buyer's Guide.", "Q256738": "Karin Beate \"Linn\" Ullmann (born 9 August 1966) is a Norwegian author and journalist. A prominent literary critic, she also writes a column for Norway's leading morning newspaper and has published six novels.", "Q17054": "Martinique ( MAR-tin-EEK, French: [ma\u0281tinik] (listen); Martinican Creole: Matnik or Matinik) is an insular region of France located in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of 1,128 square kilometres (436 sq mi) and a population of 376,480 inhabitants as of January 2016. Like Guadeloupe, it is an overseas region (r\u00e9gion d'outre-mer) of France, consisting of a single overseas department. One of the Windward Islands, it is directly north of Saint Lucia, northwest of Barbados and south of Dominica. As one of the eighteen regions of France, Martinique is part of the European Union, and its currency is the euro. \nVirtually the entire population speaks both French, the official language, and Antillean Creole (Cr\u00e9ole Martiniquais).\n\n", "Q381074": "Fan Bingbing (Chinese: \u8303\u51b0\u51b0, born 16 September 1981) is a Chinese actress, model, television producer and singer. Since 2013, Fan has been listed as the highest-paid celebrity in the Forbes China Celebrity 100 list for four years in a row after ranking in the top 10 every year since 2006. She is one of the highest-paid actresses in the world and has been called a global fashion icon due to her frequent appearances on the red carpet, at movie premieres, and at fashion shows.Fan rose to fame in East Asia in 1998\u20131999 with the TV costume drama series My Fair Princess. In 2003, she starred in Cell Phone, which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and received critical acclaim at the Hundred Flowers Awards. She has starred in many Chinese films, most notably Lost in Beijing (2007), Buddha Mountain (2011), Double Xposure (2012) and I Am Not Madame Bovary (2016), where she received awards from the Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards, the Tokyo International Film Festival, the San Sebasti\u00e1n International Film Festival and Golden Rooster Awards. She has participated in many foreign-language films, such as the French film Stretch (2011), the Korean film My Way (2011) and X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), in which she portrayed Blink.\nFan was secretly detained by Chinese authorities, disappearing from public on 1 July 2018 for nearly three months. She subsequently appeared on social media, offering a public apology over tax evasion, for which the Chinese authorities fined her more than CN\u00a5883 million (US$127 million).", "Q550660": "Jorma Jaakko Ollila (born 15 August 1950) is a Finnish businessman who was chairman of Royal Dutch Shell from 1 June 2006 to May 2015, and at Nokia Corporation chairman from 1999 to 2012 and CEO from 1992 to 2006. He has been a director of Otava Books and Magazines Group Ltd. since 1996 and UPM-Kymmene since 1997, and an advisory partner at Perella Weinberg Partners, a New York-based boutique investment bank founded by Joseph R. Perella and Peter Weinberg in 2006.For Nokia, he was credited with turning the company into the then world's largest mobile phone maker.", "Q313516": "Peter Jacobson (born March 24, 1965) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for his portrayal of Dr. Chris Taub on the Fox medical drama series House. He also starred on the USA Network science fiction drama Colony as former Proxy Snyder.", "Q160554": "Muhammad Ali Jinnah (born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 \u2013 11 September 1948) was a barrister, politician and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's creation on 14 August 1947, and then as Pakistan's first Governor-General until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as Quaid-i-Azam (\"Great Leader\") and Baba-i-Qaum, (\"Father of the Nation\"). His birthday is considered a national holiday in Pakistan.Born at Wazir Mansion in Karachi, Jinnah was trained as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in London. Upon his return to British India, he enrolled at the Bombay High Court, and took an interest in national politics, which eventually replaced his legal practice. Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian National Congress in the first two decades of the 20th century. In these early years of his political career, Jinnah advocated Hindu\u2013Muslim unity, helping to shape the 1916 Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the All-India Muslim League, in which Jinnah had also become prominent. Jinnah became a key leader in the All India Home Rule League, and proposed a fourteen-point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims. In 1920, however, Jinnah resigned from the Congress when it agreed to follow a campaign of satyagraha, which he regarded as political anarchy.\nBy 1940, Jinnah had come to believe that Muslims of the Indian subcontinent should have their own state. In that year, the Muslim League, led by Jinnah, passed the Lahore Resolution, demanding a separate nation. During the Second World War, the League gained strength while leaders of the Congress were imprisoned, and in the elections held shortly after the war, it won most of the seats reserved for Muslims. Ultimately, the Congress and the Muslim League could not reach a power-sharing formula for the subcontinent to be united as a single state, leading all parties to agree to the independence of a predominantly Hindu India, and for a Muslim-majority state of Pakistan.\nAs the first Governor-General of Pakistan, Jinnah worked to establish the new nation's government and policies, and to aid the millions of Muslim migrants who had emigrated from the new nation of India to Pakistan after independence, personally supervising the establishment of refugee camps. Jinnah died at age 71 in September 1948, just over a year after Pakistan gained independence from the United Kingdom. He left a deep and respected legacy in Pakistan. Innumerable streets, roads and localities in the world are named after Jinnah. Several universities and public buildings in Pakistan bear Jinnah's name. According to his biographer, Stanley Wolpert, he remains Pakistan's greatest leader.", "Q117904": "C\u00e9dric Wermuth (born 19 February 1986, Jegenstorf, Switzerland) is a Swiss politician. From 2008 to 2011, he was President of the Young Socialists. Currently he is serving as Vice President of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland. He was elected to the National Council of Switzerland as a representative of the canton of Aargau in 2011. He lives in Baden.", "Q90885": "Rosa Ludmilla Assing (22 February 1821 in Hamburg \u2013 25 March 1880 in Florence) was a German writer, who also wrote under the pseudonyms Achim Lothar and Talora.", "Q2190694": "De Wereld Draait Door (English: \"The world keeps on turning\") was an early-evening talk show on Dutch television, broadcast every weekday at 7:00 p.m. on NPO 1. It is the Netherlands' longest-running, regularly scheduled TV entertainment show and is also the program with the second-highest viewing figures on Dutch television, beaten only by the main evening news at 8.00 p.m. The show, created by Dieuwke Wynia and produced by BNNVARA, was discontinued after the last episode on March 27, 2020.", "Q4088427": "William Arvis \"Dollar Bill\" Blakley (November 17, 1898 \u2013 January 5, 1976) was an American politician and businessman from the state of Texas. He served two incomplete terms in the United States Senate, the first in 1957, the second in 1961. He was part of the conservative wing of the Texas Democratic Party and is remembered for running against liberal Democrat Ralph Yarborough in the 1958 election and losing to Republican John Tower in the 1961 special election, yielding the first Republican senator from Texas since Reconstruction.", "Q554406": "Alberto Manguel (born March 13, 1948 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine-Canadian anthologist, translator, essayist, novelist, editor, and a former Director of the National Library of Argentina. He is the author of numerous non-fiction books such as The Dictionary of Imaginary Places (co-written with Gianni Guadalupi in 1980), A History of Reading (1996), The Library at Night (2007) and Homer's Iliad and Odyssey: A Biography (2008); and novels such as News From a Foreign Country Came (1991). Though almost all of Manguel's books were written in English, two of his novels (El regreso and Todos los hombres son mentirosos) were written in Spanish, and El regreso has not yet been published in English. Manguel has also written film criticism such as Bride of Frankenstein (1997) and collections of essays such as Into the Looking Glass Wood (1998). In 2007, Manguel was selected to be that year's annual lecturer for the prestigious Massey Lectures.\nFor over twenty years, Manguel has edited a number of literary\nanthologies on a variety of themes or genres ranging from erotica and gay stories to fantastic literature and mysteries.", "Q4854440": "Bandar bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e, 1923 \u2013 28 July 2019) was a Saudi royal and the tenth son of Ibn Saud, the first monarch of Saudi Arabia. At the time of his death, he was the eldest surviving member of the ruling branch of the House of Saud (agnatic descendants of Ibn Saud).", "Q243453": "Charibert I (French: Caribert; Latin: Charibertus; c. 517 \u2013 December 567) was the Merovingian King of Paris, the second-eldest son of Chlothar I and his first wife Ingund. His elder brother Gunthar died sometime before their father's death. He shared in the partition of the Frankish kingdom that followed his father\u2019s death in 561, receiving the old kingdom of Childebert I, with its capital at Paris.", "Q151789": "Peter III (21 February [O.S. 10 February] 1728 \u2013 17 July [O.S. 6 July] 1762) (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 III \u0424\u00eb\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447, Pyotr III Fyodorovich) was Emperor of Russia for six months in 1762. He was born in Kiel as Charles Peter Ulrich of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (German: Karl Peter Ulrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf), the only child of Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (the son of Hedvig Sophia of Sweden, sister of Charles XII), and Anna Petrovna (the elder surviving daughter of Peter the Great). The German Peter could hardly speak Russian and pursued a strongly pro-Prussian policy, which made him an unpopular leader. He was deposed and possibly assassinated as a result of a conspiracy led by his German wife, Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, who succeeded him to the throne as Catherine II. However, another theory is he died as a result of a drunken brawl with his bodyguard while he was being held captive after Catherine's coup.Despite his generally poor reputation, Peter made some progressive reforms during his short reign. He proclaimed religious freedom (a very enlightened move for the time) and encouraged education. He sought to modernize the Russian army. He abolished the secret police, which had been infamous for its extreme violence, and made it illegal for landowners to kill their serfs without going to court. Catherine adopted some of his reforms and reverted others.\n\n", "Q1996861": "Norbert Gerwald Hofer (German pronunciation: [\u02c8n\u0254\u0250\u032fb\u0250t \u02c8ho\u02d0f\u0250]; born 2 March 1971) is an Austrian politician serving as the leader of the Freedom Party of Austria (FP\u00d6) since September 2019. Prior to that, he was Third President of the National Council from 2013 to 2017, his party's candidate in the 2016 Austrian presidential election and Minister for Transport, Innovation and Technology in the first Kurz government from 2017 until 2019.\n\n", "Q273590": "Tricia Marie \"Shaznay\" Lewis (born 14 October 1975) is an English singer, songwriter, and member of girl group All Saints. Lewis has co-written most of the group's songs, including number one singles: \"Bootie Call\", \"Pure Shores\" and international smash hit single \"Never Ever\".\nLewis launched a short solo career in 2004 with her debut solo album, Open, and singles \"Never Felt Like This Before\" and \"You\". She has written for other artists such as Stooshe, co-writing their hit single \"Black Heart\" and co-writing for Mutya Keisha Siobhan.", "Q7412": "Kathleen C. Taylor (born 1942) is a chemist who won the Garvan\u2013Olin Medal in 1989, and is notable for developing catalytic converters for cars. She currently works at Columbia University and consults for the United States Department of Energy.Taylor attended Douglass College at Rutgers University, earning a bachelor's in chemistry in 1964; she completed her Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1968 at Northwestern University. She did postdoctoral research at the University of Edinburgh and then joined General Motors in 1970. Her work at GM on catalytic converters helped reduce pollution from car exhaust, following work done earlier by Eugene Houdry. Taylor at GM improved on existing catalytic converters to convert nitric oxide into nitrogen, instead of ammonia, a toxin to humans.", "Q215615": "Armin Dieter Lehmann (23 May 1928 \u2013 10 October 2008) was a Hitler Youth courier in the F\u00fchrerbunker towards the end of Adolf Hitler's life, leaving shortly after Hitler committed suicide. He spent his post-war life in travel, tourism, and writing as a peace activist.", "Q713939": "Richard Gavin Bryars (; born 16 January 1943) is an English composer and double bassist. He has worked in jazz, free improvisation, minimalism, historicism, avant-garde, and experimental music.", "Q72800": "Bodo Uhse (12 March 1904 in Rastatt, Grand Duchy of Baden \u2013 2 July 1963 in Berlin) was a German writer, journalist and political activist. He was recognised as one of the most prominent authors in East Germany.", "Q54179": "Methuen is a statutory city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 47,255 at the 2010 census. Methuen lies along the northwestern edge of Essex County, just east of Middlesex County and just south of Rockingham County, New Hampshire. The irregularly-shaped town is bordered by Haverhill to the northeast, North Andover to the east, Lawrence and Andover to the south, Dracut (Middlesex County) to the west, Pelham, New Hampshire (Hillsborough County) to the northwest, and Salem, New Hampshire (Rockingham County) to the north. Methuen is located 30 miles (48 km) north-northwest of Boston and 25 miles (40 km) south-southeast of Manchester, New Hampshire.", "Q3056673": "Nyaungyan Min (Burmese: \u100a\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1004\u103a\u1038 [\u0272\u00e0\u028a\u0270\u0303j\u00e1\u0270\u0303 m\u026a\u0301\u0270\u0303]; 8 November 1555 \u2013 5 November [O.S. 26 October] 1605) was king of the Toungoo Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1599 to 1605. He is also referred to as the founder of the Restored Toungoo Dynasty or Nyaungyan Dynasty for starting the reunification process following the collapse of the Toungoo Empire.\nA son of King Bayinnaung by a minor queen, Nyaungyan gradually emerged as a power in Upper Burma in the mid-1590s. When major vassal rulers renounced their ties with King Nanda in 1597, he too broke away by seizing Ava (Inwa). But he stayed out of myriad wars in the low country. Instead, he methodically consolidated his base in the upcountry, and went on to acquire the surrounding cis-Salween Shan states until his death in 1605. He also rebuilt the economy of Upper Burma, and (re-)established several social, financial and military standards, many of which would be retained to the end of the Toungoo Dynasty in 1752. His efforts paved the way for his eldest son and successor Anaukpetlun to restore major portions of the Toungoo Empire in the next two decades.", "Q274770": "Corina Cre\u021bu (born June 24, 1967 in Bucharest) is a Romanian politician and the incumbent European Commissioner for Regional Policy. Cre\u021bu is a member of the Romanian PRO Romania and former Member of the European Parliament (sitting with the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats). Between June 2014 and October 2014, she served as a Vice-President of the European Parliament.\n\n", "Q1276376": "Samuel Wright Bodman III (November 26, 1938 \u2013 September 7, 2018) was an American businessman, engineer, and politician who served as the 11th United States Secretary of Energy during the George W. Bush administration, from 2005 to 2009. He was also, at different times, the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury and the Deputy Secretary of Commerce.\nIn December 2004, Bodman was nominated to replace Spencer Abraham as the Energy Secretary and was confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate on January 31, 2005. During his tenure, he oversaw the security problems at Los Alamos National Laboratory and a budget in excess of $23 billion and over 100,000 federal and contractor employees.\n\n", "Q55930": "Hanna Suchocka (pronounced [\u02c8xanna su\u02c8x\u0254tska] (listen); born 3 April 1946) is a Polish political figure, lawyer, professor at Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144 and Chair of the Constitutional Law Department, former First Vice-President and Honorary President of the Venice Commission.She served as the prime minister of Poland between 8 July 1992 and 26 October 1993 under the presidency of Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa. She is the first woman to hold this post in Poland (with Ewa Kopacz and Beata Szyd\u0142o holding the post in the 2010s) and was the 14th woman to be appointed and serve as prime minister in the world.", "Q117253": "Demosthenes (; Greek: \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, romanized: D\u0113mosth\u00e9n\u0113s; Attic Greek: [d\u025b\u02d0mos\u02c8t\u02b0en\u025b\u02d0s]; 384 \u2013 12 October 322 BC) was a Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens. His orations constitute a significant expression of contemporary Athenian intellectual prowess and provide an insight into the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators. He delivered his first judicial speeches at the age of 20, in which he argued effectively to gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speech-writer (logographer) and a lawyer, writing speeches for use in private legal suits.\nDemosthenes grew interested in politics during his time as a logographer, and in 354 BC he gave his first public political speeches. He went on to devote his most productive years to opposing Macedon's expansion. He idealized his city and strove throughout his life to restore Athens' supremacy and motivate his compatriots against Philip II of Macedon. He sought to preserve his city's freedom and to establish an alliance against Macedon, in an unsuccessful attempt to impede Philip's plans to expand his influence southward by conquering all the other Greek states.\nAfter Philip's death, Demosthenes played a leading part in his city's uprising against the new king of Macedonia, Alexander the Great. However, his efforts failed and the revolt was met with a harsh Macedonian reaction. To prevent a similar revolt against his own rule, Alexander's successor in this region, Antipater, sent his men to track Demosthenes down. Demosthenes took his own life, to avoid being arrested by Archias of Thurii, Antipater's confidant.\nThe Alexandrian Canon compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace recognised Demosthenes as one of the ten greatest Attic orators and logographers. Longinus likened Demosthenes to a blazing thunderbolt and argued that he \"perfected to the utmost the tone of lofty speech, living passions, copiousness, readiness, speed.\" Quintilian extolled him as lex orandi (\"the standard of oratory\"). Cicero said of him that inter omnis unus excellat (\"he stands alone among all the orators\"), and also acclaimed him as \"the perfect orator\" who lacked nothing.", "Q195522": "Ahmad Zahir (Dari: \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u200e, 14 June 1946 \u2013 14 June 1979) was a musician, songwriter, and composer from Afghanistan. His songs were mostly in Dari and Pashto. He was the first and only superstar in Afghanistan as his appeal crossed all boundaries of age, class, language, and regions. Besides being a pioneer of rock and pop music in Afghanistan, he experimented and performed almost all styles of music, including Indian classical music, Iranian, pashto, English, Qataghani and Logari, romantic. \nAmong the people of Afghanistan, he is considered an icon of Afghanistan music and is widely regarded as the \"Greatest Afghan Singer of all time\" or the \"Elvis of Afghanistan\", and reclaims immortal fame due to his contributions and influence on music in Afghanistan.", "Q610015": "Antun Gustav Mato\u0161 (Croatian pronunciation: [\u01centu\u02d0n \u0261\u00fbsta\u028b m\u00e2to\u0283]; 13 June 1873 \u2013 17 March 1914) was a Croatian poet, short story writer, journalist, essayist and travelogue writer. He is considered the champion of Croatian modernist literature, opening Croatia to the currents of European modernism.", "Q5918952": "Howard Alvin Stone (born January 19, 1960) is the Donald R. Dixon '69 and Elizabeth W. Dixon Professor in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Princeton University. \nHis field of research is in fluid mechanics, chemical engineering and complex fluids.\n\n", "Q467231": "Muthuvel Karunanidhi Kanimozhi (born 5 January 1968) is an Indian politician, poet and journalist. She is a Member of Parliament, representing Thoothukudi constituency in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of India's Parliament). She was also a former MP, represented Tamil Nadu in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of India's Parliament). Kanimozhi is the daughter of the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu Karunanidhi and his third wife Rajathi Ammal.\nKanimozhi belongs to the Indian Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) political party, where she functions as the chief of the DMK's wing for Art, Literature and Rationalism and is seen as her father's \"literary heir\". Her half-brothers M.K. Alagiri former union minister and M. K. Stalin former Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu respectively.", "Q72357": "Friedrich Otto Schott (17 December 1851 \u2013 27 August 1935) was a German chemist, glass technologist, and the inventor of borosilicate glass. He was the son of a window glass maker, Simon Schott. From 1870 to 1873 Schott studied chemical technology at the technical college in Aachen and at the universities of W\u00fcrzburg and Leipzig. He attained a doctorate in glass chemistry at Friedrich Schiller University of Jena for his thesis \u201cContributions to the Theory and Practice of Glass Fabrication\u201d.In 1879, Schott developed a new lithium-based glass that possessed novel optical properties. Schott shared this discovery with Dr Ernst Abbe, which was the catalyst for a long professional relationship between the two. \nIn 1884, in association with Dr Ernst Abbe and Carl Zeiss, Otto founded Glastechnische Laboratorium Schott & Genossen (Schott & Associates Glass Technology Laboratory) in Jena. It was here, during the period 1887 through to 1893, that Schott developed borosilicate glass. Borosilicate glass is distinguished for its high tolerance to heat and a substantial resistance to thermal shock (sudden temperature changes) and resistance to degradation when exposed to chemicals.\nIn 1926, Otto Schott retired from active work at Schott & Gen.", "Q98956": "Ulrich Deppendorf (born 27 January 1950 in Essen) is a German journalist and television presenter.\n\n", "Q276167": "Susan Florence Anspach (ONS-bok November 23, 1942 \u2013 April 2, 2018) was an American stage, film and television actress, who was best known for her roles in films during the 1970s and 1980s such as Five Easy Pieces (1970), Play It Again, Sam (1972), Blume in Love (1973), Montenegro (1981), Blue Monkey (1987), and Blood Red (1989).", "Q153411": "Carolina Dieckmann Worcman (born September 16, 1978) is a Brazilian actress. She has acted in soap operas since 1992. A 2004 article in the Women's Wear Daily described Dieckmann as one of the \"fastest-rising actresses\" in Brazil.She portrayed a person with leukemia in the telenovela La\u00e7os de Fam\u00edlia; in response 23,000 marrow donations were given after the telenovela aired.", "Q69011": "Muri, formerly known as Muri (Freiamt), is a municipality in southeastern Swiss Canton Aargau and is the capital of same district. The present municipality of Muri was created in 1816 from the merging of the four municipalities Langdorf, Egg, Hasli and Wey.", "Q162814": "Xie Fuzhi (simplified Chinese: \u8c22\u5bcc\u6cbb; traditional Chinese: \u8b1d\u5bcc\u6cbb; pinyin: Xi\u00e8 F\u00f9zh\u00ec; Wade\u2013Giles: Hsieh Fu-chih; 26 September 1909 \u2013 26 March 1972) was a Communist Party of China military commander, political commissar, and national security specialist. He was born in 1909 in Hong'an County, Hubei and died in Beijing in 1972. Xie was known for his efficiency and his loyalty to Mao Zedong, and during the Cultural Revolution he played a key role in hunting down the Chairman's enemies in his capacity as Minister of Public Security from 1959\u20131972.", "Q944061": "Alfredo Rodr\u00edguez (25 October 1936 \u2013 3 October 2005) was a Cuban pianist who played Afro-Cuban music as well as Latin jazz. Born in Havana, his musical career began in New York, where he struggled to establish himself, playing with dozens of Latin music groups over two decades. In 1983, he moved to Paris, where he enjoyed greater success, recording several albums as a leader to critical acclaim. In his later years, he founded a new group, los Acerek\u00f3, featuring Tata G\u00fcines, Changuito and Joel Hierrezuelo among others.\nRodr\u00edguez is remembered for his collaborations with Carlos \"Patato\" Vald\u00e9s, his tenure with Jes\u00fas Alema\u00f1y's Cubanismo and for his distinctly Afro-Cuban playing style, reflecting the legacy of Peruch\u00edn and Lil\u00ed Mart\u00ednez. Although never commercially successful, his work has been consistently well received by critics and Latin jazz fans alike. His death in 2005 occurred shortly after he had finished recording a collaboration album with Africando.", "Q76131": "Johannes Greber (1874\u20131944) born in Wenigerath, Germany, was ordained a Catholic priest who claimed he had never become a medium himself but whose wife later became a medium and involved in a variety of spiritualist activities.\nIn Germany, he was ordained in 1900 and served a church in the poor area of Hunsrueck. Many in the area suffered from tuberculosis, even \u2018\u2019organizing nurses to treat large numbers of tuberculosis\u2019\u2019. During WW1, he also helped thousands of children escape the war by fleeing into Holland.\nIn 1923, he attended a s\u00e9ance and his life was changed. He renounced his vows and left the Catholic church. He emigrated to the USA in 1929 and began a nondenominational church, with prayer and healing sessions in Teaneck, NJ. He later worked on a translation of the New Testament, publishing \u2018\u2019The New Testament, A New Translation and Explanation Based on the Oldest Manuscripts\u2019\u2019 (1935). He claimed using the oldest sources available including the Greek codex D, and where a meaning was not clear, he received supernatural guidance after, as he says in his prologue, much time in prayer, as he translated with his wife acting as a medium, along with visions given to him of the actual words on occasion, to the point that the text he translated. \u201cIn the rare instances in which a text pronounced correct by the divine spirits can be found in none of the manuscripts available today, I have the text as given by the spirits.\u201dGreber's belief in spirit communication with holy spirits of God, a common occurrence throughout the Old and New Testament, affected his translation clearly in 1 Corinthians 12:28, \u201c...mediums who speak in various foreign languages\u2019\u2019.\u201d", "Q180649": "Mario Alberto Kempes Chiodi (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8ma\u027ejo al\u02c8\u03b2e\u027eto \u02c8kempes \u02c8t\u0283jo\u00f0i]; born 15 July 1954) is a Argentine former professional footballer who played as a striker. His father, Mario, also a footballer, inspired him to play from a young age. At the age of seven he began playing with a junior team and at fourteen, he joined the Talleres reserves. A prolific goalscorer, at club level he is best known for playing for Valencia, finishing as La Liga's top goalscorer twice, and amassing 116 goals in 184 league games for the club.\nAt international level, Kempes was the focal point of Argentina's 1978 World Cup win where he scored twice in the final, and received the Golden Boot as top goalscorer. He also won the Golden Ball for the player of the tournament, making him one of only three players to have won all three awards at a single World Cup, along with Garrincha in 1962, and Paolo Rossi in 1982.\nKempes won South American Footballer of the Year, Onze d'Or European footballer of the Year, and World Cup Golden Ball in 1978. In 2004, he was named as one of the Top 125 greatest living footballers as part of FIFA's 100th anniversary celebration.\n\n", "Q60753": "Heinz G. Konsalik, pseudonym of Heinz G\u00fcnther (May 28, 1921 \u2013 October 2, 1999) was a German novelist. Konsalik was his mother's maiden name.During the Second World War he was a war correspondent, which provided many experiences for his novels.Many of his books deal with war and showed the German human side of things as experienced by their soldiers and families at home, for instance Das geschenkte Gesicht (The bestowed face) which deals with a German soldier's recovery after his sledge ran over an anti-personnel mine and destroyed his face, and how this affected his relationship with his wife at home. It places no judgment on the German position in the war and simply deals with human beings in often desperate situations, doing what they were forced to do under German military law. Der Arzt von Stalingrad (The Doctor of Stalingrad) made him famous and was adapted as a movie in 1958. Some 83 million copies sold of his 155 novels made him the most popular German novelist of the postwar era and many of his novels were translated and sold through book clubs. He is buried in Cologne.", "Q104549": "Renate Adolph (born 20 March 1954 in East Berlin) is a former politician for the Die Linke and its predecessors, the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and the PDS. She became a member of the party in 1976, and a local councillor in 2003. \nIn 2004, Adolph was elected to the Landtag of the state of Brandenburg. She resigned from the Landtag in November 2009, after she had admitted being an informer for the East German communist secret police Stasi. Against Die Linke policy, she failed to declare publicly this history.", "Q268359": "Hatebreed is an American metalcore band from Bridgeport, Connecticut, formed in 1994. They have released one cover album and seven studio albums, most recently The Concrete Confessional on May 13, 2016. Their musical style blends influences from hardcore punk and heavy metal; a prominent band within the hardcore scene, they are also considered a part of the metal scene.\n\n", "Q236543": "Morna Anne Murray (born June 20, 1945) is a Canadian singer in pop, country, and adult contemporary music whose albums have sold over 55 million copies worldwide during her 40-year career.Murray was the first Canadian female solo singer to reach No. 1 on the U.S. charts, and also the first to earn a Gold record for one of her signature songs, \"Snowbird\" (1970). She is often cited as one of the female Canadian artists who paved the way for other international Canadian success stories such as k.d. lang, C\u00e9line Dion, and Shania Twain. She is also the first woman and the first Canadian to win \"Album of the Year\" at the 1984 Country Music Association Awards for her Gold-plus 1983 album A Little Good News.\nMurray has received four Grammys, a record 24 Junos, three American Music Awards, three Country Music Association Awards, and three Canadian Country Music Association Awards. She has been inducted into the Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame, the Juno Hall of Fame, The Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Canadian Broadcast Hall of Fame. She is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame Walkway of Stars in Nashville, and has her own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in Los Angeles and on Canada's Walk of Fame in Toronto.In 2011, Billboard ranked her 10th on their list of the 50 Biggest Adult Contemporary Artists Ever.", "Q2982613": "Colin Hercules Mackenzie, CMG (1898\u20131986), a soldier, industrialist, and aesthete, was a Special Operations Executive spymaster who led Force 136 throughout the period of its existence during the Second World War.", "Q218866": "L'Arc-en-Ciel (\"The Rainbow\" in French, stylized as L'Arc~en~Ciel) is a Japanese rock band, founded in Osaka in 1991. With a reported 40 million records sold, they were the first Japanese act to headline at Madison Square Garden. In 2003, they were ranked 58 on a list of the top 100 Japanese pop musicians by HMV Japan. While they first got their start as a visual kei band, they have not had any association with the movement since their major label debut in 1994.", "Q229305": "Joan Allen (born August 20, 1956) is an American actress. She began her career with the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in 1977, won the 1984 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play for And a Nightingale Sang, and won the 1988 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her Broadway debut in Burn This. She is also a three-time Academy Award nominee, receiving Best Supporting Actress nominations for Nixon (1995) and The Crucible (1996), and a Best Actress nomination for The Contender (2000).\nAllen's other film roles include Manhunter (1986), Peggy Sue Got Married (1986), Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1988), The Ice Storm (1997), Face/Off (1997), Pleasantville (1998), The Bourne Supremacy (2004), The Upside of Anger (2005), The Bourne Ultimatum (2007), Death Race (2008), and The Bourne Legacy (2012). She won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 2015 film Room. She has also starred in the Broadway plays The Heidi Chronicles (1988), Impressionism (2009), and The Waverly Gallery (2018).", "Q434669": "Phyllis Stewart Schlafly (; born Phyllis McAlpin Stewart; August 15, 1924 \u2013 September 5, 2016) was a movement conservative and author. She held staunchly conservative social and political views, opposed feminism and abortion, and successfully campaigned against ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Her book, A Choice Not an Echo (1964), a polemic against Republican leader Nelson Rockefeller, sold more than three million copies. Schlafly co-authored books on national defense and was critical of arms control agreements with the Soviet Union. In 1972, Schlafly founded the Eagle Forum, a conservative political interest group, and remained its chair and CEO until her death in 2016.\n\n", "Q145515": "The Mountain Goats are an American band formed in Claremont, California, by singer-songwriter John Darnielle. The band is currently based in Durham, North Carolina. For many years, the sole member of the Mountain Goats was Darnielle, despite the plural moniker. Although he remains the core member of the band, he has worked with a variety of collaborators over time, including bassist and vocalist Peter Hughes, drummer Jon Wurster, multi-instrumentalist Matt Douglas, singer-songwriter Franklin Bruno, bassist and vocalist Rachel Ware, singer-songwriter/producer John Vanderslice, guitarist Kaki King, and multi-instrumentalist Annie Clark.Throughout the 1990s, the Mountain Goats were known for producing low-fidelity home recordings (most notably, on a cassette deck boombox) and releasing recordings in cassette or vinyl 7\" formats. Since 2002, the Mountain Goats have adopted a more polished approach, recording studio albums with a full band, while still maintaining organically emotional lyrical motifs.", "Q1476893": "Starday Records was an American record label. producing traditional country music during the 1950s and 1960s.", "Q221759": "The Last Woman (French: La Derni\u00e8re femme, Italian: L'ultima donna) is a 1976 French-Italian film directed by Marco Ferreri and starring G\u00e9rard Depardieu and Ornella Muti.\nDepardieu was nominated for best actor for his role in the C\u00e9sar ceremony in 1977.\n\n", "Q57699": "Hamadi Jebali (Arabic: \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u200e, \u1e24amm\u0101d\u012b al-Jib\u0101l\u012b; born 12 January 1949) is a Tunisian engineer, Islamist politician and journalist who was Prime Minister of Tunisia from December 2011 to March 2013. He was the Secretary-General of the Ennahda Movement, a moderate Islamist party in Tunisia, until he left his party in December 2014 in the course of the 2014 Tunisian presidential election.", "Q3182350": "John Redpath (1796 \u2013 March 5, 1869) was a Scots-Quebecer businessman and philanthropist who helped pioneer the industrial movement that made Montreal, Quebec the largest and most prosperous city in Canada.", "Q77549": "Hilde Domin (27 July 1909 \u2013 22 February 2006) is the pseudonym of Hilde Palm (n\u00e9e L\u00f6wenstein), a German lyric poet and writer. She was among the most important German-language poets of her time.", "Q285789": "Al Klink (December 28, 1915 in Danbury, Connecticut \u2013 March 7, 1991 in Bradenton, Florida) was an American swing jazz tenor saxophonist.", "Q362106": "Boris Christoff (Bulgarian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, romanized: Boris Kirilov Hristov, IPA: [bo\u02c8ris \u02c8kiri\u026bof \u02c8xristof]; 18 May 1914 \u2013 28 June 1993) was a Bulgarian opera singer, widely considered one of the greatest basses of the 20th century.", "Q123848": "Edith Sitzmann (b. 4 January 1963, Regensburg) is a German politician and member of government of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg since August 2002. She is a member of the state Landtag, representing the Freiburg II constituency and the Alliance 90/The Greens party. She is also the incumbent Minister of Finance for the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in the second cabinet of Minister-President Winfried Kretschmann. From 2011 to 2016, Sitzmann led the Green Parlimentary Group.", "Q1273568": "Children's television series are television programs designed for and marketed to kindergarteners, preschoolers, and toddlers normally scheduled for broadcast during the morning and afternoon when children are awake. They can sometimes run during the early evening, allowing younger children to watch them after school. The purpose of the shows is mainly to entertain and sometimes to educate.", "Q1855369": "Michael Zager (born January 3, 1943, in Passaic, New Jersey) is an American record producer, composer, and arranger of original music for commercials, albums, network television, and theme music for films. He teaches music at Florida Atlantic University.\nZager was a member of jazz rock band Ten Wheel Drive from 1968\u20131973.", "Q200797": "Polotsk (Russian: \u041f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0446\u043a; Belarusian: \u041f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0430\u0446\u043a, romanized: Polatsk (BGN/PCGN), Polack (official transliteration); Lithuanian: Polockas; Polish: Po\u0142ock) is a historical city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina River. It is the center of the Polotsk District in Vitsebsk Voblast. Its population is more than 80,000 people. It is served by Polotsk Airport and during the Cold War was home to Borovitsy air base.", "Q67982": "Grandfontaine is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q154418": "Count Josip Jela\u010di\u0107 von Bu\u017eim (16 October 1801 \u2013 20 May 1859; also spelled Jellachich, Jella\u010di\u0107 or Jellasics; in Croatian: Josip grof Jela\u010di\u0107 Bu\u017eimski) was a Croatian lieutenant field marshal in a Imperial-Royal Army and politician, the Ban of Croatia between 23 March 1848 and 19 April 1859. He was a member of the House of Jela\u010di\u0107 and a noted army general, remembered for his military campaigns during the Revolutions of 1848 and for his abolition of serfdom in Croatia.", "Q652540": "Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou (Greek: \u03a3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03c4\u03b6\u03b7\u03b9\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5; born 14 February 1967) is a Greek-Cypriot entrepreneur. Born into a wealthy ship-owning family, he is best known for founding the low-cost airline easyJet and the Stelmar shipping line with start-up funds provided by his father, Loucas. easyJet's foundation in 1995 marked the beginning of a series of ventures marketed under the \"easy\" brand, managed by easyGroup and chaired by Haji-Ioannou.", "Q5082974": "Charles Tomlinson (27 November 1808 in London \u2013 15 February 1897) was a British scientist, member of the Royal Society, and author.\n\n", "Q69777": "Gossau is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of St. Gallen in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q230654": "Maria Owings Shriver (; born November 6, 1955)\nis an American journalist, author, former First Lady of California, and the founder of the nonprofit organization The Women's Alzheimer's Movement. She was married to former Governor of California and actor Arnold Schwarzenegger, from whom she filed for divorce in 2011. Shriver has received a Peabody Award and was co-anchor for NBC's Emmy-winning coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics. As executive producer of The Alzheimer's Project, Shriver earned two Emmy Awards and an Academy of Television Arts & Sciences award for developing a \"television show with a conscience\". She is a member of the Kennedy family; her mother, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, was a sister of John F., Robert and Ted Kennedy. Shriver is currently a \u201cspecial\u201d anchor and correspondent for NBC News.", "Q1494816": "Gary Barone (Born December 12, 1941, Detroit), (Died December 24, 2019, Freiburg) was an American jazz trumpeter and flugelhornist. He is the brother of Mike Barone.\nBarone's father was trumpeter Joe Barone, who taught him to play from an early age. He attended Michigan State University, obtaining his bachelor's in 1965, and then did graduate work at San Fernando Valley State College from 1965 to 1967. In the latter 1960s he worked with Stan Kenton, Gerald Wilson, and Bud Shank, as well as Mike Barone's ensemble. He began working with Shelly Manne in 1969, remaining with him until 1973; during this time he also began doing more work as a session musician for film and television soundtracks (including for Dave Grusin, Lalo Schifrin, and Tom Scott). In the 1970s he also worked with Frank Zappa, Willie Bobo, and Frank Strazzeri.\nBarone continued his musical studies in the 1980s with Dick Grove, and in 1991 graduated from Portland State University with a master's in economics. He also worked with David Friesen in the early 1990s. In 1995 he moved to Freiburg im Bresgau, in Germany, where he has played with Jiggs Whigham, Waldi Heidepriem, Christof Lauer, Tony Lakatos and Albert Mangelsdorff. He taught at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Kunst, Design und Popul\u00e4re Musik Freiburg.", "Q262674": "Maryam d'Abo (born 27 December 1960) is an English film and television actress, perhaps best known as Bond girl Kara Milovy in the 1987 James Bond film The Living Daylights.", "Q34464": "Philip III (Spanish: Felipe; 14 April 1578 \u2013 31 March 1621) was King of Spain. He was also, as Philip II, King of Portugal, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia and Duke of Milan from 1598 until his death in 1621.\nA member of the House of Habsburg, Philip III was born in Madrid to King Philip II of Spain and his fourth wife and niece Anna, the daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II and Maria of Spain. Philip III later married his cousin Margaret of Austria, sister of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.\nAlthough also known in Spain as Philip the Pious, Philip's political reputation abroad has been largely negative \u2013 an 'undistinguished and insignificant man,' a 'miserable monarch,' whose 'only virtue appeared to reside in a total absence of vice,' to quote historians C. V. Wedgwood, R. Stradling and J. H. Elliott. In particular, Philip's reliance on his corrupt chief minister, the Duke of Lerma, drew much criticism at the time and afterwards. For many, the decline of Spain can be dated to the economic difficulties that set in during the early years of his reign. Nonetheless, as the ruler of the Spanish Empire at its height and as the king who achieved a temporary peace with the Dutch (1609\u20131621) and brought Spain into the Thirty Years' War (1618\u20131648) through an (initially) extremely successful campaign, Philip's reign remains a critical period in Spanish history.", "Q72431": "Louis Ernest of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg-Bevern (25 September 1718, Wolfenb\u00fcttel \u2013 12 May 1788, Eisenach) was a field-marshal in the armies of the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic, the elected Duke of Courland (1741). From 13 November 1750 to 1766 he was the Captain-General of the Netherlands, where he was known as the Duke of Brunswick or (to distinguish him from his eldest brother Charles, who succeeded to their father's title of Duke of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg) Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenb\u00fcttel. Another brother was Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick who led the Allied Anglo-German army during the Seven Years' War.\nHe was probably one of the first victims of the media in Dutch history.", "Q3990658": "Thomas Jefferys (c. 1719 \u2013 1771), \"Geographer to King George III\", was an English cartographer who was the leading map supplier of his day. He engraved and printed maps for government and other official bodies and produced a wide range of commercial maps and atlases, especially of North America.", "Q553180": "Nils Harald Ossian Treutiger (born 5 June 1956) is a Swedish journalist and television host. Born in G\u00f6teborg, he is best known for co-hosting the 1992 Eurovision Song Contest held in Malm\u00f6 after Carola H\u00e4ggkvist won in 1991.\nTreutiger was the first host of Expedition Robinson, internationally known as Survivor, as the show was first aired in Sweden in 1997 before becoming an international franchise. He was replaced by Anders Lundin in 1999 after two seasons.", "Q52939": "Charles IX, also Carl (Swedish: Karl IX; 4 October 1550 \u2013 30 October 1611), was King of Sweden from 1604 until his death. He was the youngest son of King Gustav I and his second wife, Margaret Leijonhufvud, brother of Eric XIV and John III, and uncle of Sigismund who was king of both Sweden and Poland. By his father's will he got, by way of appanage, the Duchy of S\u00f6dermanland, which included the provinces of N\u00e4rke and V\u00e4rmland; but he did not come into actual possession of them till after the fall of Eric and the succession to the throne of John in 1568.\nBoth Charles and one of his predecessors, Eric XIV (1560\u201368), took their regnal numbers according to a fictitious history of Sweden. He was actually the third Swedish king called Charles.\nHe came into the throne by championing the Protestant cause during the increasingly tense times of religious strife between competing sects of Christianity. In just over a decade, these would break out as the Thirty Years' War. These conflicts had already caused the dynastic squabble rooted in religious freedom that deposed his nephew and brought him to rule as king of Sweden.\nHis reign marked the start of the final chapter (dated 1648 by some) of both the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. With his brother's death in November 1592, the throne of Sweden went to his nephew and Habsburg ally, Sigismund of Poland and Sweden. During these tense political times, Charles viewed the inheritance of the throne of Protestant Sweden by his devout Roman Catholic nephew with alarm. Thus, several years of religious controversy and discord followed.\nDuring the period, Charles and the Swedish privy council ruled in Sigismund's name while he stayed in Poland. After various preliminaries, the Riksdag of the Estates forced Sigismund to abdicate the throne to Charles IX in 1595. This eventually kicked off nearly seven decades of sporadic warfare as the two lines of the divided House of Vasa both continued to attempt to remake the union between the Polish and Swedish thrones with opposing counter-claims and dynastic wars.\nQuite likely, the dynastic outcome between Sweden and Poland's House of Vasa exacerbated and radicalized the later actions of Europe's Catholic princes in the German states such as the Edict of Restitution. In fact, it worsened European politics to the abandonment or prevention of settling events by diplomacy and compromise during the vast bloodletting that was the Thirty Years' war.", "Q74040": "August Otto R\u00fchle von Lilienstern, born 1780, died 1847. Prussian officer, joined Scharnhorst's Academy for Officers in the same class as Carl von Clausewitz. Later, they both taught at the Prussian General War School, which would become the Prussian War Academy, and R\u00fchle became Clausewitz' second successor as its director. R\u00fchle published many articles, kept official war diaries, and wrote a two-volume Manual for the Officer for Education in Peace and for Use in Action (Handbuch f\u00fcr den Offizier zur Belehrung im Frieden und zum Gebrauch im Felde), published in Berlin in 1817 and 1818. Lilienstern and Clausewitz, teaching at the same school at the time of publication of this manual, were in agreement on many points. For example, they agreed that war was political in nature (which was neither a novel nor a controversial idea) and that war was a Zweikampf. (That is, literally a \"two-struggle,\" usually translated into English as \"duel,\" though in fact the imagery and metaphor that Clausewitz pursued was a wrestling match.) Clausewitz made these ideas famous in his book On War. Their common views on such issues can be traced to the nature of the military intellectual community in Prussia and the common influence of Scharnhorst.\nLilienstern was a close friend of the landscape painter Caspar David Friedrich and his writing contributed to modern research of the artist.", "Q273779": "Saint Louis or Saint-Louis, known to locals as Ndar, is the capital of Senegal's Saint-Louis Region. Located in the northwest of Senegal, near the mouth of the Senegal River, and 320 km north of Senegal's capital city Dakar, it has a population officially estimated at 176,000 in 2005. Saint-Louis was the capital of the French colony of Senegal from 1673 until 1902 and French West Africa from 1895 until 1902, when the capital was moved to Dakar. From 1920 to 1957, it also served as the capital of the neighboring colony of Mauritania.", "Q1198571": "The University of Nice Sophia Antipolis (French: Universit\u00e9 Nice Sophia Antipolis) is a university located in Nice, France and neighboring areas. It was founded in 1965 and is organized in eight faculties, two autonomous institutes and an engineering school.\nIt also hosts the first WWW Interactive Multipurpose Server (WIMS).\nIt is a member of the Coordination of French Research-Intensive Universities (CURIF), the equivalent of the Russell Group in the UK.\n\n", "Q25569": "Jaime Caruana (born 14 March 1952) is a Spanish economist. He served as the General Manager of the Bank for International Settlements from 1 April 2009 to 30 November 2017. He was also the Governor of the Bank of Spain from July 2000 to July 2006.", "Q91972": "Heinrich Laufenberg (19 January 1872 \u2013 3 February 1932) was a leading German communist and was one of the first to develop the idea of National Bolshevism. Laufenberg was a history academic by profession and was also known by the pseudonym Karl Erler.\n\n", "Q107726": "Boris Erasmus Palmer (born 28 May 1972 in Waiblingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) is a German politician and member of the Green Party. He has been mayor of T\u00fcbingen since January 2007. From March 2001 to May 2007 he was a member of the Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg Landtag, the State parliament in Stuttgart.", "Q337891": "Vlatko Ilievski (Macedonian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e \u0418\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438; 2 July 1985 \u2013 6 July 2018) was a Macedonian pop rock singer and actor. He was the runner-up to be the Macedonian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 and represented Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 with the song Rusinka in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. He was previously a member of the rock band \"Moral\". He was a student of acting at the faculty of Dramatic Arts, Skopje, where he graduated in 2010 with the drama \"Anger\" from Stephen King (The Rage).", "Q64253": "Unterentfelden is a municipality in the district of Aarau of the Canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q466649": "American Recordings (formerly Def American Recordings) is an American record label headed by producer Rick Rubin. The label has featured artists such as Slayer, the Black Crowes, ZZ Top, Danzig, Trouble, Tom Petty, Johnny Cash, The Mother Hips, and System of a Down.", "Q44183": "Sir William Gerald Golding, (19 September 1911 \u2013 19 June 1993) was a British novelist, playwright, and poet. Best known for his debut novel Lord of the Flies (1954), he would go on to publish another eleven novels in his lifetime. In 1980, he was awarded the Booker Prize for Rites of Passage, the first novel in what became his sea trilogy, To the Ends of the Earth. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1983.\nAs a result of his contributions to literature, Golding was knighted in 1988. He was a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. In 2008, The Times ranked Golding third on their list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\".\n\n", "Q704060": "Brian Elwin Haner Sr. (born April 7, 1958), also known as Guitar Guy or Papa Gates, is an American musician, comedian, and author. Haner is known for touring with fellow stand-up comedian/ventriloquist Jeff Dunham, as in the 2008 holiday program, Jeff Dunham's Very Special Christmas Special. He is also a noted session musician for Avenged Sevenfold, a band in which his son, Brian Haner Jr. (a.k.a. Synyster Gates), is the lead guitarist.", "Q563057": "Charles Allan Rich (December 14, 1932 \u2013 July 25, 1995) was an American country music singer, songwriter, and musician. His eclectic style of music was often difficult to classify, encompassing the rockabilly, jazz, blues, country, soul, and gospel genres.In the later part of his life, Rich acquired the nickname the Silver Fox. He is perhaps best remembered for a pair of 1973 hits, \"Behind Closed Doors\" and \"The Most Beautiful Girl\". \"The Most Beautiful Girl\" topped the U.S. country singles charts, as well as the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles charts and earned him two Grammy Awards. Rich was inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame in 2015.", "Q262660": "Kevin Carter (13 September 1960 \u2013 27 July 1994) was a South African photojournalist and member of the Bang-Bang Club. He was the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize for his photograph depicting the 1993 famine in Sudan. He died by suicide at the age of 33. His story is depicted in the 2010 feature film The Bang-Bang Club, in which he was played by Taylor Kitsch.", "Q369047": "Rodney Dwight \"Rod\" Grams (February 4, 1948 \u2013 October 8, 2013) was an American politician from Minnesota. He served as a Republican in both the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate.", "Q72425": "Pozzuoli (Italian pronunciation: [pot\u02c8tsw\u0254\u02d0li]; Latin: Puteoli) is a city and comune of the Metropolitan City of Naples, in the Italian region of Campania. It is the main city of the Phlegrean Peninsula.\n\n", "Q233349": "Risa Niigaki (\u65b0\u57a3 \u91cc\u6c99, Niigaki Risa, born October 20, 1988 in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan) is a Japanese idol, singer, and actress formerly associated with Hello! Project. She was a fifth generation member of the Japanese pop group Morning Musume. She joined Morning Musume in 2001 along with Ai Takahashi, Asami Konno and Makoto Ogawa. She grew up in Yokohama after moving there at age six. She was the longest serving member of Morning Musume, and was the leader of the group from October 2011 to her graduation on May 18, 2012.", "Q183432": "Pol Sax (born 1960) is a Luxembourg writer living in Berlin whose German-language novel \"U5\" won the Servais Prize for Luxembourg literature in 2009.", "Q427167": "Viktor Platonovich Nekrasov (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432, Viktor Platonovi\u010d Nekrasov) (17 June 1911, Kiev \u2013 3 September 1987, Paris) was a Russian writer, journalist and editor.", "Q63528": "Willi Bredel (2 May 1901 \u2013 27 October 1964) was a German writer and president of the DDR Academy of Arts, Berlin. Born in Hamburg, he was a pioneer of socialist realist literature.", "Q565426": "The General German Workers' Association (German: Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiter-Verein, ADAV) was a German political party founded on 23 May 1863 in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony by Ferdinand Lassalle.\nThe organization existed by this name until 1875, when it combined with the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP) to form the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany. This unified organization was renamed soon thereafter the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), which presently remains in existence and dates its origins to the founding of the ADAV.\nThe ADAV was the first German Labour Party, formed in Prussia prior to the establishment of the German Empire. Its members were known colloquially throughout Germany as Lassalleans.", "Q702411": "Rheydt (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281a\u026at]) is a borough of the German city M\u00f6nchengladbach, located in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia. Until 1918 and then again from 1933 (due to a split from M\u00f6nchengladbach arranged by Joseph Goebbels, who was born there) through 1975 it was an independent city.\nAfter merging with M\u00f6nchengladbach, the central station (Rheydt Hauptbahnhof) kept its original name, making M\u00f6nchengladbach the only city in Germany to have two stations called Hauptbahnhof.\nSchloss Rheydt, one of the best-preserved palaces of the Renaissance period, is located in Rheydt.", "Q3776920": "Bacterial pneumonia is a type of pneumonia caused by bacterial infection.", "Q22212": "Lindsey Olin Graham (born July 9, 1955) is an American politician, who serves as the senior United States Senator from South Carolina, a seat he has held since 2003. Since 2019, he has been the Chair of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. A member of the Republican Party, Senator Graham has earned an 80.31% Lifetime Score from the American Conservative Union.A native of Central, South Carolina, Graham received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of South Carolina School of Law in 1981. Most of his active duty within his span of military service happened from 1982 to 1988 when he served with the Judge Advocate General's Corps in the United States Air Force, as a defense attorney and then with the Air Force's chief prosecutor in Europe based in West Germany. Later his entire service in the Air Force Reserve ran concurrently with his congressional career. He was awarded a Bronze Star Medal for meritorious service in 2014.\nGraham worked as a lawyer in private practice before serving one term in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1993 to 1995. His congressional career began when he was elected to the first of four terms to the United States House of Representatives, representing South Carolina's 3rd congressional district from 1995 to 2003. In 2002, Graham won the U.S. Senate election in South Carolina after eight-term Republican incumbent Strom Thurmond announced his retirement. He won a second term in 2008 and a third term in 2014.\nA retired U.S. Air Force Reserve colonel, Graham is known in the Senate for his advocacy of a strong national defense and aggressive interventionist foreign policy. Initially, he was also known for his willingness to be bipartisan and work with Democrats on issues like campaign finance reform, a ban on waterboarding, immigration reform, and judicial nominees. He has criticized the Tea Party movement, arguing for a more inclusive Republican Party.Graham ran his first and only presidential campaign between June and December 2015, dropping out before the 2016 Republican primaries began. He was an outspoken critic of fellow Republican Donald Trump's 2016 candidacy and repeatedly declared he did not support Trump; in particular, he took issue with Trump's comments on Graham's close friend, Senator John McCain. Since March 2017, Graham has reversed his stance on Trump and has become a staunch ally of the president, often issuing public statements in his defense. His reversal caught both parties by surprise and sparked much media attention.", "Q212387": "Je Vous Aime (English title I Love You All) is a 1980 French romantic comedy film directed by Claude Berri. Its cast comprises notable actors and actresses like Jean Louis Trintignant, Catherine Deneuve, G\u00e9rard Depardieu and Serge Gainsbourg. It was first released in 1980 and it was shown in the US in 1981.", "Q64247": "K\u00fcnten is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. It lies on the Reuss River and includes the previously independent community of Sulz, which merged with K\u00fcnten in 1973.", "Q1188776": "Pyotr Konstantinovich Leshchenko (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; 2 June 1898 \u2013 16 July 1954), a singer in the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union, is universally considered \"the King of Russian Tango\" and specifically known for his rendition of \"Serdtse\"\u2014a tango, sung unusually not in Spanish but in Russian.", "Q44197": "Maximilien Fran\u00e7ois Marie Isidore de Robespierre (French: [mak.si.mi.lj\u025b\u0303 f\u0281\u0251\u0303.swa ma.\u0281i i.zi.d\u0254\u0281 d\u0259 \u0281\u0254.b\u025bs.pj\u025b\u0281]; 6 May 1758 \u2013 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman who was one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution. As a member of the Constituent Assembly and the Jacobin Club, he campaigned for universal manhood suffrage and the abolition both of celibacy for the clergy and slavery. In 1791, Robespierre became an outspoken advocate for the citizens without a voice, for their unrestricted admission to the National Guard, to public offices, and for the right to carry arms in self-defence. He played an important part in the agitation which brought about the fall of the French monarchy on 10 August 1792 and the summoning of a National Convention. His goal was to create a united and indivisible France, equality before the law and to abolish prerogatives. \nAs one of the leading members of the insurrectionary Paris Commune, Robespierre was elected as a deputy to the French Convention in early September 1792 but was soon criticised for trying to establish either a triumvirate or a dictatorship. In November Condorcet considered the French Revolution as a religion and Robespierre had all the characteristics of a leader of a sect, or a cult. In April 1793, he urged the creation of a sans-culotte army to enforce revolutionary laws and sweep away any counter-revolutionary conspirator, leading to the armed Insurrection of 31 May \u2013 2 June 1793. In July he was appointed as a member of the powerful Committee of Public Safety, reorganized the Revolutionary Tribunal, and proposed to close the Convention. In October the committee declared itself as revolutionary government. Those who were not actively defending France became his enemy.Robespierre is best known for his role during the Reign of Terror, during which he oversaw the arrest and execution of numerous political adversaries whom he and his allies deemed to oppose the Revolution. He exerted his influence to suppress the Girondins to the right, the H\u00e9bertists to the left and the Dantonists in the centre. It is estimated that after the introduction of the Law of Suspects almost 17,000 people were sentenced to death and guillotined during the Terror. The extent to which defendants received appropriate levels of due process before being executed remains controversial.\nRobespierre was eventually undone by his obsession with the vision of an ideal republic and his indifference to the human costs of installing it, which turned both members of the Convention and the French public against him. The Terror ended when he and many of his allies were arrested on 9 Thermidor and then executed the day after, events that initiated a period known as the Thermidorian Reaction.The extent to which Robespierre was personally responsible for the excesses of the Great Terror remains the subject of intense debate among historians of the French Revolution. To some, Robespierre was the Revolution's principal ideologist and embodied the country's first democratic experience, marked by the often revised and never implemented French Constitution of 1793. To others, he was the incarnation of the Terror that followed during Year II of the French Revolutionary calendar.\n\n", "Q151574": "Ralph Hunter Daughton (September 23, 1885 \u2013 December 22, 1958) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia.", "Q3489": "Harburg is a quarter (Stadtteil) in the homonymous borough (Bezirk) of Hamburg, Germany. It used to be the capital of the district in Lower Saxony. In 2016, the population was 26,098.", "Q709544": "Arthur C. Gossard is a professor of Materials and Electrical Engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara. In 1982 he co-discovered the fractional quantum Hall effect. His research is related to molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). He has a doctorate in physics from UC Berkeley. After school, he joined Bell Labs. He is a member of the United States National Academy of Engineering and the United States National Academy of Sciences.\nIt was announced in 2016 that Gossard was named as a recipient of a National Medal of Technology and Innovation.", "Q284483": "Johnny Flynn & The Sussex Wit are an English folk rock band signed to Transgressive Records. They are fronted by Johnny Flynn, an actor, poet and songwriter who cites W.B. Yeats and Shakespeare among his influences. Current members are Flynn, David Beauchamp, Adam Beach, Joe Zeitlin, James Mathe, Matt Edmonds, and Johnny's sister Lillie Flynn.\nThe group's first album, A Larum was released in 2008 through Vertigo Records, receiving critical praise including a nomination for the XFM music award and Paste magazine's best music of 2008. This was followed by the Sweet William EP, released in the winter of 2009. The follow-up album, Been Listening, was released through Transgressive Records in June 2010, and was accompanied with worldwide touring. In 2012 Flynn released A Film Score of a Bag of Hammers, the soundtrack to the movie of the same name. Their third studio album, Country Mile, was released in September 2013.\n\n", "Q727861": "The A.B.C. Murders is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, featuring her characters Hercule Poirot, Arthur Hastings and Chief Inspector Japp, as they contend with a series of killings by a mysterious murderer known only as \"A.B.C.\". The book was first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 6 January 1936, sold for seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) while a US edition, published by Dodd, Mead and Company on 14 February of the same year, was priced $2.00.The form of the novel is unusual, combining first-person narrative and third-person narrative. This approach was previously used by Agatha Christie in The Man in the Brown Suit. In The A.B.C. Murders the third-person narrative is supposedly reconstructed by the first-person narrator of the story, Arthur Hastings. \nThe novel was well received in the UK and the US when it was published. One reviewer said it was \"a baffler of the first water,\" while another remarked on Christie's ingenuity in the plot. A reviewer in 1990 said it was \"a classic, still fresh story, beautifully worked out.\"", "Q267718": "Sarah Blanche Sweet (June 18, 1896 \u2013 September 6, 1986) was an American silent film actress who began her career in the earliest days of the Hollywood motion picture film industry.", "Q60021": "Cabaret Balkan is a 1998 Serbian film directed by Goran Paskaljevi\u0107 starring Miki Manojlovi\u0107 and Neboj\u0161a Glogovac. Its original Serbian language title is \u0411\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 (Bure baruta) which means Powder Keg. It was released in English speaking countries under the title of Cabaret Balkan, with the official reason for the name change being that Kevin Costner had already registered a film project under the title Powder Keg. The film received a number of distinctions, including a FIPRESCI award at the Venice Film Festival in 1998. It was based on a play by the same title by Dejan Dukovski. The film was selected as the Serbian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 71st Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "Q374770": "James Nicholas Callis (born 4 June 1971) is an English actor. He is best known for playing Dr. Gaius Baltar in the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica miniseries and television series, and Bridget Jones' best friend Tom in Bridget Jones's Diary and Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason. He later reprised the role in 2016, in Bridget Jones's Baby. He joined the cast of the TV Series Eureka, on Syfy, in 2010. In 2017 he voiced the character Alucard on the Netflix series Castlevania, based on the video game of the same name.", "Q270264": "\u00c1ngela Mar\u00eda Fern\u00e1ndez Gonz\u00e1lez known as Angy (Palma, Majorca, September 5, 1990) is a Spanish singer and actress. She is well known for playing Paula Blasco in the Spanish soap opera F\u00edsica o Qu\u00edmica.She studied at the Josep Mar\u00eda Llompart High School in Palma, where she also took courses of piano and dance. In 2005, she was a member of the contest Cami De L'Exit in Majorca and worked for the local channel IB3 program Nit d'Exit.\nIn 2007, she took part in Spanish X Factor, where she was one of the finalists and released her first album Sola en el silencio.", "Q454189": "Breand\u00e1n \u00d3 hEithir (18 January 1930 \u2013 26 October 1990) was an Irish writer and broadcaster.", "Q105125": "Alexandra Cordes (real name Ursula Horbach, n\u00e9e Schaake, 16 November 1935 \u2013 November 1986) was a prolific German writer of mainly romantic fiction, many of whose books were best-sellers.", "Q956": "Beijing ( BAY-JING, BAY-ZHING; Mandarin pronunciation: [p\u00e8i.t\u0255\u00ed\u014b] (listen)), alternately romanized as Peking ( PEE-KING), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the world's most populous capital city, with over 21 million residents within an administrative area of 16,410.5 km2. The city, located in North China, is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the central government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing is mostly surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin to the southeast; together, the three divisions form the Jingjinji megalopolis and the national capital region of China.\nBeijing is an important world capital and global power city, and one of the world's leading centers for culture, diplomacy and politics, business and economy, education, language, and science and technology. A megacity, Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation's cultural, educational, and political center. It is home to the headquarters of most of China's largest state-owned companies and houses the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world, as well as the world's four biggest financial institutions. It is also a major hub for the national highway, expressway, railway, and high-speed rail networks. The Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic since 2010, and, as of 2016, the city's subway network is the busiest and longest in the world.\nCombining both modern and traditional architecture, Beijing is one of the oldest cities in the world, with a rich history dating back three millennia. As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries, and was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium AD. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica notes that \"few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural center of an area as immense as China.\" With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides, in addition to the old inner and outer city walls, Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital. The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls and gates. It has seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites\u2014the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Ming Tombs, Zhoukoudian, and parts of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal\u2014 all tourist locations. Siheyuans, the city's traditional housing style, and hutongs, the narrow alleys between siheyuans, are major tourist attractions and are common in urban Beijing.\nMany of Beijing's 91 universities consistently rank among the best in China, such as the Peking University and Tsinghua University. Beijing CBD is a center for Beijing's economic expansion, with the ongoing or recently completed construction of multiple skyscrapers. Beijing's Zhongguancun area is known as China's Silicon Valley and is a center of scientific and technological innovation as well as entrepreneurship.", "Q67996": "Maggia is a municipality in the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nMaggia's municipal borders were created in 2004 when the previous municipalities of Maggia, Moghegno, Aurigeno, Giumaglio, Someo, and Lodano were united. The municipality contains roughly 2,400 inhabitants and its official language is Italian.", "Q435563": "Susan Ward (born April 15, 1976) is an American actress and model.", "Q210590": "Angel Face is a 1953 American black-and-white film noir directed by Otto Preminger. The drama, filmed on location in Beverly Hills, California, features Robert Mitchum and Jean Simmons.", "Q230126": "Mary Dorothy Maloney (January 29, 1924 \u2013 January 19, 2018) was an American actress.\nHer film career began in 1943, and, in her early years, she played small roles, mainly in B-movies. After a decade, she began to acquire a more glamorous image, particularly after her role in Written on the Wind (1956), for which she won the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress.\nHer film career reached its peak by the beginning of the 1960s, and she achieved later success with her television role as Constance MacKenzie on Peyton Place from (1964\u20131968). Less active in her later years, Malone's last screen appearance was in Basic Instinct in 1992.Malone died on January 19, 2018. She had been one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood.", "Q435205": "Unni Elisabeth Wilhelmsen (born 12 July 1971) is a Norwegian singer, songwriter and musician. Her musical influences are pop music and the American tradition of the singer/songwriter, in which the lyrics play an important role as well as the music. She lives in Oslo, but has throughout her career had the whole of Norway as a venue. When she made her breakthrough in 1996 with her debut album To Whom It May Concern (Polygram), she also became an important mediator of the singer/songwriter genre, a genre that now has a broad audience in Norwegian popular music.", "Q1033692": "Santa Monica College (SMC) is a public, community college in Santa Monica, California. Founded as a junior college in 1929, SMC enrolls over 30,000 students in more than 90 fields of study. Although initially serving primarily pre-college, high school students, the College quickly expanded its enrollment to educate college-age students and non-traditional students with the primary intention to transfer to a four-year university. It is one of the few schools which has high transfer rates to 4-year universities such as UCs or CSUs. Today, two-thirds of students at Santa Monica College are enrolled part-time. With over 2,000 employees, SMC is a major employer in the Greater Los Angeles Area and has a significant impact in the region's economy.\nOccupying the entire Santa Monica Community College District, SMC is the only public institution of higher education in Santa Monica. The main campus, located on Pico Boulevard, is the college's largest location. The College operates five satellite campuses across Santa Monica.\nSMC is the leader in California's 113 community college system in transfers to the University of California system. Since 1929, SMC has provided job training, educational opportunities and cultural enrichment through its radio station KCRW (89.9 FM), the Broad Stage at the SMC Performing Arts Center and lifelong learning through distinctive programs such as its Emeritus College for older adults.", "Q66336": "Laufen-Uhwiesen is a municipality in the district of Andelfingen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q61459": "Ernst Klodwig (23 May 1903 in Aschersleben, German Empire \u2013 15 April 1973 in Hamburg, West Germany) was a racing driver from East Germany. He participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, driving privately run BMWs with different engines. He was classified in both races with a best finish of 12th.", "Q220335": "William Edward Fichtner Jr. (born November 27, 1956) is an American actor. Fichtner has appeared in a number of films, TV series and video games. He is known for his roles as Sheriff Tom Underlay on Invasion and Alexander Mahone on Prison Break. His film appearances include Heat, Contact, Armageddon, The Perfect Storm, Go, Crash, Blades of Glory, Black Hawk Down, The Longest Yard, Mr. & Mrs. Smith, The Dark Knight, Date Night, The Lone Ranger, Elysium, Independence Day: Resurgence, and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.", "Q93817": "Count W\u0142adys\u0142aw Tarnowski (June 4, 1836, Wr\u00f3blewice, administrative district of Drohobycz, in the modern day Ukraine \u2013 April 19, 1878, near San Francisco while on a steamer from Japan; also known by the literary pseudonym Ernest Bu\u0142awa (Ernest Mace)) was a pianist, composer, poet, dramatist, and translator.", "Q78108": "Julius Meier-Graefe (June 10, 1867 \u2013 June 5, 1935) was a German art critic and novelist.His writings on Impressionism, Post-Impressionism as well as on art of earlier and more recent generations, with his most important contributions translated into French, Russian and English, are considered to have been instrumental for the understanding and the lasting success of these artistic movements.", "Q986320": "Sipoo (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8sipo\u02d0]; Swedish: Sibbo) is a municipality of Finland. Its seat is in Nikkil\u00e4 (Nickby). Sipoo is part of the Helsinki metropolitan area.\nThe coat of arms of the municipality refers to the origin story of the settlement, according to which the ancestors of Sipoo are said to have arrived in the region on a viking ship, the bow of which was decorated with a head of wolf; accordingly, locals have even been called the \u201cwolves of Sipoo\u201d. The wave lined fess of the coat of arms refers to the Sipoo River.", "Q155074": "Georgi Dimitrov Mikhaylov (; Bulgarian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0300\u0440\u0433\u0438 \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0300\u0432 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0300\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432), also known as Georgi Mikhaylovich Dimitrov (Russian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432; 18 June 1882 \u2013 2 July 1949), was a Bulgarian communist politician. He was the first communist leader of Bulgaria, from 1946 to 1949. Dimitrov led the Communist International from 1934 to 1943.", "Q229477": "Bo Derek (born Mary Cathleen Collins; November 20, 1956) is an American film and television actress, film producer, and model perhaps best known for her breakthrough film role in the sex comedy 10 (1979). She was directed by husband John Derek in Fantasies, Tarzan, the Ape Man (both 1981), Bolero (1984) and Ghosts Can't Do It (1989), all of which received negative reviews. A widow since 1998, she lives with actor John Corbett. Now in semi-retirement, she makes occasional film, television, and documentary appearances.", "Q322250": "Tom Constanten (born March 19, 1944, Long Branch, New Jersey, United States) is an American keyboardist, best known for playing with Grateful Dead from 1968 to 1970.", "Q720868": "Wojciech \u017bukrowski (14 April 1916 in Krak\u00f3w \u2013 26 August 2000 in Warsaw) was a Polish prosaist, poet, reporter, essayist and literary critic.", "Q64521": "Bellikon is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q55924": "J\u00f3zef Oleksy [\u02c8juz\u025bf \u0254\u02c8l\u025bks\u0268] (listen) (22 June 1946 \u2013 9 January 2015) was a Polish left-wing politician, former chairman of the Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD).\n\n", "Q88589": "Heinrich Schmelz (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ha\u026an\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8\u0283m\u025blt\u0361s]; 24 February 1930 in Vienna) is a former Austrian politician (Austrian People's Party) and federal civil servant. Schmelz was member of the Austrian Parliament from 1977 to 1988.\n\n", "Q437412": "Montse Rib\u00e9 (born 1972) is a Spanish make-up artist and actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Makeup for her work in Pan's Labyrinth (2006). She was one of 115 people invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2007.She portrayed young Red/Hellboy in the movie Hellboy II: The Golden Army.", "Q1372676": "Margarethe Quidde (n\u00e9e Jacobson; 11 June 1858 \u2013 25 April 1940) was a German cellist, writer, music educator, and pianist.\n\n", "Q274764": "Edward Hallett \"Ted\" Carr (28 June 1892 \u2013 3 November 1982) was an English historian, diplomat, journalist and international relations theorist, and an opponent of empiricism within historiography. Carr was best known for his 14-volume history of the Soviet Union from 1917 to 1929, for his writings on international relations, particularly The Twenty Years' Crisis, and for his book What Is History? in which he laid out historiographical principles rejecting traditional historical methods and practices.\nEducated at the Merchant Taylors' School, London, and then at Trinity College, Cambridge, Carr began his career as a diplomat in 1916; three years later, he participated at the Paris Peace Conference as a member of the British delegation. Becoming increasingly preoccupied with the study of international relations and of the Soviet Union, he resigned from the Foreign Office in 1936 to begin an academic career. From 1941 to 1946, Carr worked as an assistant editor at The Times, where he was noted for his leaders (editorials) urging a socialist system and an Anglo-Soviet alliance as the basis of a post-war order.", "Q385951": "The Babysitter is a 1995 American erotic thriller film directed by Guy Ferland and starring Alicia Silverstone, based on the short story of the same name by Robert Coover in his collection Pricksongs and Descants (1969). The film was released direct-to-video in October 1995.", "Q329305": "Eug\u00e8ne Despois (1818\u20131876) was a French translator.", "Q264577": "A Date with Judy is a 1948 MGM musical film starring Wallace Beery, Jane Powell, and Elizabeth Taylor. Directed by Richard Thorpe, the movie was based on the radio series of the same name.\nThe film was photographed in Technicolor and largely served to showcase the former child star Elizabeth Taylor, age 16 at the time. Taylor was given the full MGM glamor treatment, including specially designed gowns.\nRobert Stack appears in a prominent supporting part. Many others in the MGM stock company appear in their customary roles, including Leon Ames as a dignified father figure, the same role he played in the Judy Garland film Meet Me in St. Louis (1944) and top-billed Wallace Beery in his penultimate role as a contrasting \"rough and ready\" father figure.\nThe film features the soprano singing voice of young Jane Powell, and is also a showcase for the musical performances of the Latin American singer Carmen Miranda and bandleader Xavier Cugat. In this film, she is given to humorous malapropisms such as \"His bite is worse than his bark\" and \"Now I'm cooking with grass\". The songs \"Judaline\" and \"It's a Most Unusual Day\" also debuted in this film.", "Q1642230": "Janet Est\u00e9vez (n\u00e9e Templeton; born July 8, 1944), best known as Janet Sheen, is an American actress and producer.\n\n", "Q1001146": "Buddy Cage (February 18, 1946 \u2013 February 5, 2020) was an American pedal steel guitarist, best known as a longtime member of the New Riders of the Purple Sage.Popular both as a performer and session musician, he played with many bands and recording artists, including Anne Murray, Bob Dylan, Brewer & Shipley, David Bromberg, and the Zen Tricksters.", "Q984537": "For the fictional character on Sabrina The Teenage Witch, See List of characters in Sabrina the Teenage Witch.Elliott Miles Goodman (August 27, 1948 \u2013 August 16, 1996) was an American composer for television and film. He is best remembered for his frequent collaboration with film director Frank Oz, for whom Goodman scored such films as Dirty Rotten Scoundrels (1988), What About Bob? (1991) and Housesitter (1992). For his score to Oz's Little Shop of Horrors (1986), Goodman was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score.", "Q2642760": "The vigilante film is a film genre in which the protagonist or protagonists engage in vigilante behavior, taking the law into their own hands. Vigilante films are usually revenge films in which the legal system fails protagonists, leading them to become vigilantes.\nIn United States cinema, vigilante films gained prominence during the 1970s with \"touchstones\" like Death Wish and Dirty Harry, both of which had sequels. The Los Angeles Times reported, \"Vigilante vengeance was the cinematic theme of the decade, flourishing in the more respectable precincts of the new American cinema even as it fueled numerous exploitation flicks,\" referring to Taxi Driver as a respectable example of the genre. It reported in 2009 that such films were making a comeback after \"the comparatively prosperous and peaceable 1990s\", with examples like Walking Tall (2004), Death Sentence (2007), Law Abiding Citizen (2009) and Rambo: Last Blood (2019).", "Q62150": "Oskar Wilhelm Robert Paul Ludwig Hellmuth von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (31 January 1883 \u2013 12 February 1960) was a German Generalleutnant. The son and aide-de-camp to Field Marshal and Reich President Paul von Hindenburg had considerable influence on the appointment of Adolf Hitler as German chancellor in January 1933.", "Q15747939": "Execution by shooting is a method of capital punishment in which a person is shot to death by one or more firearms. It is the most common method of execution worldwide, used in about 70 countries, with execution by firing squad being one particular form.\nIn most countries, execution by a firing squad has historically been considered a more honorable death and was used primarily for military personnel, though in some countries\u2014among them Belarus, the only state in Europe today that has the death penalty\u2014the single executioner shooting inherited from the Soviet past is still in use.", "Q369721": "Viktor Mikhailovich Kozin (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043d, \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447) (born February 22, 1953) is a Russian naval engineer, ship designer and inventor of a new method of icebreaking, called the resonance method of ice destruction. He received his assistant professorship in technical sciences (PhD) for his work Mechanics of deformable solids in Vladivostok in 1994. He became a full professor in 1996 and was awarded the title Honored Inventor of the Russian Federation in 2000. Since 2008 he has been a member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS).\nKozin was awarded a diploma from the president of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1999) and won grants from the Russian Ministry of Education (2006). He received multiple prizes for his academic and scientific achievements in the theory of watercraft statics and dynamics, design of vessels, hydraulics and hydromechanics, ship and submarine construction. He is the author of two textbooks in naval engineering and twelve works on the methods of education in the area of naval design.\nWith the direct participation of Victor Kozin construction was completed the towing basin (45x4,2x4m), Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University.", "Q1757629": "Tim Wright (born 31 July 1967), alias CoLD SToRAGE, is a Welsh video game music composer most known for his work in video game soundtracks such as Shadow of the Beast, Agony, Lemmings, Wipeout and Colony Wars.\nHis first commercial works were created using the Commodore Amiga in the early 1990s and featured in computer games published by Psygnosis/Sony Computer Entertainment Studio Liverpool.\nWright left Sony in 1997 to form Jester Interactive with the key goal of developing music creation software for home consoles. In his role as creative director at Jester, he designed Music and Music 2000 for the PlayStation and MTV, along with Music Generator and Music 3000 for the PlayStation 2 before leaving along with his brothers to form Checkmate Solutions Limited.\nAt Checkmate, Wright developed several musical sequencing products for Empire Interactive plc. under the eJay brand. After several products were developed, Wright left to form his own company, Tantrumedia Limited.\nWright currently manages Tantrumedia Limited and their audio division where he composes music, designs music sequencing software and oversees the production of websites and other multimedia projects.", "Q311842": "Marco \"Benny\" Benassi (born 13 July 1967) is an Italian DJ, record producer and remixer. He is best known for his 2002 summer club hit \"Satisfaction.\"\nHe started his career as DJ along with his cousin Alessandro \"Alle\" Benassi, forming the electronica duo Benassi Bros. Although he began to gain popularity with his pseudonym in 1997 by releasing the song \"Electric Flying\", his first international hit was \"I Feel So Fine\", launched in 2001 under the nickname KMC.\nIn 2003, Benassi released his first solo debut album, Hypnotica, to positive reviews. It incorporates electroclash sounds and many elements of house music, and won the European Border Breakers Award. The following year, the debut album of the Benassi Bros., Pumphonia, was released. Their track \"Illusion\" became very popular in the American club scene, finally peaking at number 4 on Hot Dance Club Play. Following \"Hit My Heart\" peaked at 15.\nIn 2008, his remix of Public Enemy's \"Bring the Noise\" won the Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording at the 50th Grammy Awards. In 2009, Benassi also entered the Top 100 DJs list from DJ Mag at #26, while in 2011 was rated #7 on DJ Poll Top 100 by DJ List web site.", "Q176875": "Fall of the Mohicans (Spanish: Uncas, el fin de una raza, Italian: L'ultimo dei Mohicani) is a 1965 Spanish-Italian historical western adventure film directed by Mateo Cano and starring Jack Taylor, Paul Muller and Sara Lezana. The film is based on James Fenimore Cooper's novel The Last of the Mohicans, but made in the style of a Spaghetti Western. It was shot on location in the Tabernas Desert of Almer\u00eda Another adaptation of the story The Last Tomahawk was released the same year by Germany's Constantin Film.", "Q323166": "Sterling Walter Hayden (born Sterling Relyea Walter; March 26, 1916 \u2013 May 23, 1986) was an American actor, author, and sailor. A leading man for most of his career, he specialized in westerns and film noir throughout the 1950s, in films such as John Huston's The Asphalt Jungle (1950), Nicholas Ray's Johnny Guitar (1954), and Stanley Kubrick's The Killing (1956). He became noted for supporting roles in the 1960s, perhaps most memorably as General Jack D. Ripper in Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964).\nHayden's success continued into the New Hollywood era, with roles such as Irish-American policeman Captain McCluskey in Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather (1972), alcoholic novelist Roger Wade in Robert Altman's The Long Goodbye (1973), and elderly peasant Leo Dalc\u00f2 in Bernardo Bertolucci's 1900 (1976). With a distinctive \"rapid-fire baritone\" voice and standing at 6 feet 5 inches (1.96 m), he had a commanding screen presence in both leading and supporting roles.\n\n", "Q1350399": "Knut Arild Hareide (born 23 November 1972) is a Norwegian politician who serves as a member of parliament from Hordaland and as the leader of the Christian Democratic Party from 2011 to 2019. He has served as Minister of Transport and Communications since 2020, and as Minister of the Environment from 2004 to 2005 in the second Bondevik cabinet. In 2007 he announced he would step down from the national political scene for the time being, but he returned when he was nominated as the top candidate for the Christian Democratic Party ticket in Akershus in the 2009 election where he won the county's leveling seat. After Dagfinn H\u00f8ybr\u00e5ten stepped down as party leader, Hareide was unanimously elected to take his place at the 2011 party convention. In the 2013 election, Hareide was reelected to parliament, this time from his home county of Hordaland.\nBefore his tenure as government minister, Hareide had sat through one term in the municipal council of his native B\u00f8mlo, served as a deputy representative to the national parliament as well as working two years as a State Secretary. He was also second deputy leader of his party from 2003 to 2007, having come through the ranks of the party's youth organization.\nOutside politics Hareide is an economist by education, and he has worked for the media conglomerate Schibsted.", "Q164281": "Lucas Demetrios Papademos (Greek: \u039b\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03ac\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2; born 11 October 1947) is a Greek economist who served as Prime Minister of Greece from November 2011 to May 2012, leading a provisional government in the wake of the Greek debt crisis. He previously served as Vice President of the European Central Bank from 2002 to 2010 and Governor of the Bank of Greece from 1994 to 2002.\nHe was a Visiting Professor of Public Policy at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Financial Studies at the University of Frankfurt.", "Q837919": "Algemeen Handelsblad was an influential Amsterdam-based liberal daily newspaper published between 1828 and 1970.", "Q28717": "Melvin Dimas Rodr\u00edguez (born June 12, 1973) is an American actor best known for starring as Nurse Patsy de la Serda on the HBO comedy Getting On, as Todd Rodriguez on the Fox comedy The Last Man on Earth, and as Ernie Gomes on the Showtime drama On Becoming a God in Central Florida. Other notable works include recurring as Marco on AMC's Better Call Saul and co-starring on the short-lived Fox sitcoms Running Wilde and Enlisted.", "Q373989": "David Emmanuel Paymer (born August 30, 1954) is an American character actor, comedian, and television director. He has been in films such as Mr. Saturday Night, Quiz Show, Searching for Bobby Fischer, City Slickers, Crazy People, State and Main, Payback, Get Shorty, Carpool, The American President, Ocean's Thirteen, and Drag Me to Hell. Paymer was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1992 for Mr. Saturday Night. He played the lead role as the Boss in Bartleby, an adaptation of Herman Melville's \"Bartleby, the Scrivener.\" He played a mob boss in the television series Line of Fire.", "Q962924": "Piero Pisenti (March 20, 1887 \u2013 September 29, 1980) was an Italian Fascist journalist and politician.\nPisenti was born in Perugia, Umbria, to a family of university professors. In 1912 he graduated in jurisprudence at the University of Bologna. The following year he moved to Pordenone, Friuli, where he began his political career as a member of the town council, which he held from 1915 to 1919, elected on conservative list. In 1920 he founded in Pordenone the far right party Unione del Lavoro (Labour Union), which was later absorbed into the National Fascist Party (PNF).\nHe entered the PNF in 1921, and soon became a captain of the Blackshirts in Friuli, as well as a national-level figure of Fascism, and editor of Giornale del Friuli.\nIn 1926 Pisenti was expelled from the PNF, as he disagreed on some internal regulations of the party. The following year, however, he was readmitted into high office, becoming one of Benito Mussolini's closest collaborators (Mussolini described him as \"the man who, throughout twenty years of Fascism, has had the bravery of his very own brilliant heterodoxy\"). In 1924 he was elected as to the Italian Chamber of Deputies, a position he held without interruptions until 1939.\nAfter the armistice of September 8, 1943, he remained loyal to Mussolini, and joined the leadership of the Italian Social Republic - in November of that year, he was appointed its Minister of Justice. In this position, he refused to pardon the former Fascist leaders who had organized the fall of Mussolini in 1943 (including Galeazzo Ciano, Emilio De Bono and Carlo Pareschi), and who were sentenced to death in the Verona trial.After the end of World War II, Pisenti was arrested and jailed for a year. After the sentence was carried out, he returned to Pordenone and worked as a lawyer. In 1977 he wrote the controversial essay RSI - Una Repubblica necessaria (\"The RSI [Italian Social Republic] - A Necessary Republic\"), in which he defended the politics of the Republic.\nPisenti died in Pordenone in 1980.", "Q721586": "Everett McGill (born Charles Everett McGill III, October 21, 1945) is an American actor, who first rose to prominence for his portrayal of a caveman in Quest for Fire (1981). He went on to have prominent roles in films like Dune (1984), Silver Bullet (1985), Heartbreak Ridge (1986), Licence to Kill (1989), The People Under the Stairs (1991) and Under Siege 2: Dark Territory (1995).On television he appeared as \"Big\" Ed Hurley in Twin Peaks (1990\u20131991). He retired from acting in 1999, but returned in the Twin Peaks 2017 revival.", "Q282964": "Lacy J. Dalton (born Jill Lynne Byrem; October 13, 1946, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania) is an American country singer and songwriter. She is known for her gritty, powerful vocals, which People Magazine likened to a country equivalent of Bonnie Raitt.Dalton had a number of hits in the 1980s, including \"Takin' It Easy,\" \"Crazy Blue Eyes\" and \"16th Avenue.\" Though absent from the U.S. country charts since 1990, she still continues to record and perform, having most recently released three independently recorded albums, Wild Horse Crossing on Shop Records in 1999; The Last Wild Place, on Song Dog Records in 2004; and her 2010 self-released Here's To Hank.When asked about her musical influences, she replied: \"Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Kris Kristofferson, Guy Clark, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, Dolly Parton, Janis Joplin, Robert Johnson, Karen Dalton, Fred Koller, Big Mama Thornton, Billie Holiday, Hank Williams, Tammy Wynette and J.J. Cale.\"", "Q278176": "Aaron Corthen, better known as A.C. Reed (May 9, 1926 \u2013 February 24, 2004) was an American blues saxophonist, closely associated with the Chicago blues scene from the 1940s into the 2000s.", "Q766815": "Auguste Nefftzer (3 February 1820 \u2013 20 August 1876) was a French journalist, who was known for founding the publications Revue Germanique in 1858 and Le Temps 1861, as well as his translation of Life of Jesus and L'ami Fritz. Nefftzer's writings introduced G.W.F. Hegel to France.", "Q149475": "Sharon Sayles Belton (born May 13, 1951) is an American community leader, politician and activist. She is Vice President of Community Relations and Government Affairs for Thomson Reuters Legal business.She served as mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota, from 1994 until 2001, the first African American and first woman to hold that position.", "Q956459": "Jules Gabriel Janin (16 February 1804 \u2013 19 June 1874) was a French writer and critic.", "Q64509": "Franz Theodor Kugler (19 January 1808, Stettin \u2013 18 March 1858, Berlin) was an art historian and cultural administrator for the Prussian state. He was the father of historian Bernhard von Kugler (1837-1898).\nHe studied literature, music and the visual arts at the University of Berlin. After attending classes in Heidelberg, he returned to Berlin in 1827 in order to study architecture. In 1831 he obtained his doctorate under Ernst Heinrich Toelken with a dissertation on Werinher of Tegernsee. In 1833 he was appointed professor of art history at the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin, and ten years later, was named to the Ministry of Culture, from which he served as an overseer of Prussian art. Cultural historian, Jakob Burckhardt, was a prominent student of his.In 1837 he released his \"Handbuch der Geschichte der Malerei\" (2 volumes), and a few years later, he published the acclaimed \"Handbuch der Kunstgeschichte\", a comprehensive survey of world art. He was also the author of a biography on Frederick the Great, \"Geschichte Friedrichs des Gro\u00dfen\" (1840) and of a monograph on architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1842).From 1833 to 1837, he was editor of the journal \"Museum, Bl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr bildende Kunst\". Johannes Brahms employed text written by Kugler for his St\u00e4ndchen (\"Der Mond steht \u00fcber dem Berge\"), a song for voice and piano, Op. 106/1.", "Q4309432": "Askar Myrzakhmetov (Kazakh: \u0410\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0440 \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043a\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u041c\u044b\u0440\u0437\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, Asqar Isabekuly Myrzahmetov) is a Kazakh politician who held the positions of Counsellor of the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan and First Vice Minister of Agriculture between 1997 and 2006. He was ambassador to Uzbekistan in 2006 and 2007.", "Q100713": "Guido Henkel (born September 9, 1964 in Stuttgart, Germany) is a German-born, American designer, programmer, and developer in the video game industry, as well as a composer and novelist.He is best known for his work on Planescape: Torment, the Realms of Arkania series of computer role-playing games, and his Jason Dark: Ghost Hunter series of dime-novel style supernatural mysteries.\nHenkel appears as a speaker and presenter at industry conferences and award shows.Since early 2019, he has been part of the development and design team of the Intellivision Amico at Intellivision", "Q466113": "The American Physical Society (APS) publishes more than a dozen scientific journals, including the prestigious Physical Review and Physical Review Letters, and organizes more than twenty science meetings each year. APS is a member society of the American Institute of Physics. Kate Kirby is APS's current chief executive officer. She took on the role on in February 2015.", "Q378604": "New media art refers to artworks created with new media technologies, including digital art, computer graphics, computer animation, virtual art, Internet art, interactive art, sound art, video games, computer robotics, 3D printing, cyborg art and art as biotechnology. The term differentiates itself by its resulting cultural objects and social events, which can be seen in opposition to those deriving from old visual arts (i.e. traditional painting, sculpture, etc.). This concern with medium is a key feature of much contemporary art and indeed many art schools and major universities now offer majors in \"New Genres\" or \"New Media\" and a growing number of graduate programs have emerged internationally. New media art often involves interaction between artist and observer or between observers and the artwork, which responds to them. Yet, as several theorists and curators have noted, such forms of interaction, social exchange, participation, and transformation do not distinguish new media art but rather serve as a common ground that has parallels in other strands of contemporary art practice. Such insights emphasize the forms of cultural practice that arise concurrently with emerging technological platforms, and question the focus on technological media, per se.\nNew Media concerns are often derived from the telecommunications, mass media and digital electronic modes of delivering the artworks involve, with practices ranging from conceptual to virtual art, performance to installation.", "Q97481": "Jan Hendriks (6 December 1928 \u2013 17 December 1991) was a German film actor. He appeared in more than 80 films on screen and TV between 1950 and 1985. In 1952 he won the German Film Award as Best Male Newcomer. Between 1977\u20131985 he co-starred in the TV-crime-serial The Old Fox. He died in Berlin, Germany, aged 63.\n\n", "Q949579": "M\u00f3nica Lav\u00edn (born August 22, 1955) is a Mexican author of six books of short stories, notable among them Ruby Tuesday no ha muerto (1966 recipient of the Gilberto Owen National Literary Prize); Uno no sabe (2003, finalist for the Antonin Artaud award); and her most recent collection, La corredora de Cuemanco y el aficionado a Schubert (Punto de Lectura, 2008). In addition she was awarded the Elena Poniatowska Ibero-American Novel Prize for her work Yo, la peor (2010).", "Q3405786": "D\u017eord\u017ee Arsov (Macedonian: \u040f\u043e\u0440\u045f\u0435 \u0410\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432, born 1946) is a former mayor of the municipality of Kisela Voda. He was born in 1946 in Strumica, in the Republic of Macedonia. He finished primary and secondary education in his home town and completed his graduate studies in Skopje. In 1970, he graduated with Honors from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, St.Cyril and Methodius University (Macedonian: \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u201e\u0421\u0432. \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0438 \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0458\u201c- \u0421\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0458\u0435) in Skopje and started to work as a professor at the high school ASUC in Skopje. After four years at ASUC and as a Deputy Director of the school, he left and started to work in the newly established trading and marketing department of the Metalski Zavod Tito (MZT). Under his management, the department became a leader in its sector and became its own independent organization MZT Commerce, employing approximately 140 people and responsible for over 90% of the revenues of MZT. This trading and marketing organization became an initiator for association of all commercial services of MZT in the process opening many offices in former Yugoslavia as well as in Moscow, Sofia, Frankfurt, Berlin, New York, and 12 other places around the world. MZT Commerce, under Arsov's leadership, also became an exclusive representative of many firms from former Yugoslavia for the Western European, U.S., and Middle Eastern markets. Arsov was the President and Managing Director of the MZT Commerce until 1991.\nIn 1991, Arsov started his own trading business in oil and oil derivatives as well as secondary raw and precious materials. By 1998 his business interests enlarged, and he established his own financial consulting and investment advisory firm that specialized in representing domestic companies in search for foreign investors as well as the reactivation of the previously closed factories that were in the process of privatization in the Republic of Macedonia.\nArsov has lived in Kisela Voda for 40 years. He has been married to Margita Arsova for more than 30 years and is a father of two children.\nArsov became the mayor of the municipality of Kisela Voda in March 2005 as a member of the political party of VMRO\u2013DPMNE.\nArsov is a President of the Commission for Financing of Municipalities in the Republic of Macedonia (ZELS). As a member of ZELS, he is also a member of the Commission for Financing of Municipalities at the Government of the Republic of Macedonia.", "Q44801": "Peter Alexander Ferdinand Maximilian Neumayer (30 June 1926 \u2013 12 February 2011), commonly known as Peter Alexander, was an Austrian actor, singer and one of the most popular entertainers in the German-language world between the 1950s and his retirement. His fame emerged in the 1950s and 1960s through popular film comedies and successful recordings, predominantly of Schlager and operetta repertory. Later, Alexander established himself as the acclaimed host of television shows. His career as a live singer touring the German language countries lasted until 1991, while he continued his television work until 1996.", "Q75404": "Phan Kh\u00f4i (August 20, 1887 (\u0110inh H\u1ee3i) B\u1ea3o An village, \u0110i\u1ec7n B\u00e0n county, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam Province, Vietnam \u2013 January 16, 1959, Hanoi, North Vietnam) was an intellectual leader who inspired a North Vietnamese variety of the Chinese Hundred Flowers Campaign, in which scholars were permitted to criticize the Communist regime, but for which he himself was ultimately persecuted by the Communist Party of Vietnam.", "Q116171": "Grbavica is a 2006 film by Jasmila \u017dbani\u0107 about the life of a single mother in contemporary Sarajevo in the aftermath of systematic rapes of Bosniak women by Serbian soldiers during the Bosnian War. It was released in the United Kingdom as Esma's Secret: Grbavica, and in USA as Grbavica: Land of My Dreams.\nThe film shows, through the eyes of the main character Esma, her teenage daughter Sara, and others, how everyday life is still being shaped by the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. The film was an international co-production between companies from Bosnia, Austria, Croatia and Germany; it received funding from the German television companies ZDF and Arte. Grbavica received an enthusiastic response from critics, earning a 98% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.\nIt won the Golden Bear at the 56th Berlin International Film Festival and it was Bosnia-Herzegovina's official entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 79th Academy Awards but it was not nominated.", "Q983270": "Theodosii Spassov (born 4 March 1961) is a Bulgarian jazz musician who plays kaval.\nTheodosii Spassov began his early training on the kaval at the Kotel Music School and The Academy of Music and Dance in Plovdiv/Bulgaria. The kaval, an eight-hole wooden \"shepherd\" flute, is one of the oldest Instruments in Europe, rich in tone and technical possibilities. Theodosii Spassov has developed his own unique style of playing the instrument by synthesizing traditional folklore with jazz, fusion and classical music.\nFor over 20 years, Theodosii has toured all over Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Australia, Canada and United States. In 1994, he performed with Sofia Women's Radio Choir which was awarded with a Grammy award for \"Le Mystere Des Voix Bulgares\". In April 1995, \"Newsweek\" magazine recognized Theodosii Spassov as one of the most talented Eastern-European musicians in its \"best of the East\" article, noting that \"Spassov... is not merely surviving the post-communist cultural wasteland. He has actually invented a new musical genre.\"\nTheodosii Spassov has contributed to 20 CDs, four of his own, which have been noted worldwide. He has composed and performed numerous film scores including a French-Bulgarian feature film \"Granitza\", (\"The Border\") 1993. Also he recorded themes for films by Italian composers Carlos Siliotto and Ennio Morricone, entitled \"An Italian Story\" and \"The Breakout of the Innocent\". At the fourth European Jazz Night, Theodosii Spassov was a featured performer along with other jazz musicians, including Winton Marsalis.\nAt home in Bulgaria, Theodosii Spassov is national figure and musical hero, and was recently honored with the \"Music Artist of the Year\" award. He is the Artistic Director of the world-renowned \"PHILIP KOUTEV Ensemble Of Music, Drama And Dance\".\nTheodosii is currently member of the company of the Irish music and dance \"Riverdance\"-(1998-2001). Now he is a soloist of Bulgarian National Radio.\n\n", "Q3560678": "Virginia Lee Gregg (March 6, 1916 \u2013 September 15, 1986) was an American actress known for her many roles in radio dramas and television series.", "Q685224": "Cypress is a city in northwestern Orange County within Southern California. Its population was 47,802 at the 2010 census.", "Q255782": "Seven Ways from Sundown is a 1960 American Eastmancolor Western film directed by Harry Keller and starring Audie Murphy and Barry Sullivan. It is based on the novel of the same name by Clair Huffaker, who also wrote the script. Young cast member Teddy Rooney is the son of actors Mickey Rooney and Martha Vickers.", "Q7969736": "Warner Music Latina (formerly WEA Latina) is a record label part of Warner Music Group that focuses on Latin music. The record label was established in 1987.", "Q2848132": "Andr\u00e9 Lebon (26 August 1858 \u2013 17 February 1938) was a French lawyer and politician.", "Q116617": "James Guillaume (February 16, 1844, London \u2013 November 20, 1916, Paris) was a leading member of the Jura federation, the anarchist wing of the First International. Later, Guillaume would take an active role in the founding of the Anarchist St. Imier International.", "Q597698": "Antoni Macierewicz (Polish pronunciation: [an\u02c8t\u0254\u0272i mat\u0361\u0255\u025b\u02c8r\u025bvit\u0361\u0282]; born 3 August 1948) is the former Minister of National Defence for Poland. He previously served as the Minister of Internal Affairs, Head of the Military Counterintelligence Service, and Minister of State in the Ministry of National Defence. An academic, historian, and human rights activist, Macierewicz was one of the leaders of the anti-communist resistance in Poland.\nEmploying nonviolent civil disobedience, Macierewicz was one of the founders in 1976 of the Workers' Defense Committee, a major anti-communist opposition organization that was a forerunner of Solidarity. During the 1980s Macierewicz directed the Centre for Social Research of Solidarity and was one of the trade union's key advisors. A former political prisoner, he escaped from incarceration and was in hiding until 1984, directing work and issuing underground publications.Macierewicz served as the Minister of Internal Affairs from 1991 to 1992, the Head of the Military Counterintelligence Service from 2006 to 2007, and the Minister of National Defence from 2015 to 2018. He is currently in his sixth term in the Parliament of Poland, where he represents the Piotrk\u00f3w Trybunalski district, and was a Member of the European Parliament. He is also the Deputy Leader of Law and Justice, the largest party in the Parliament of Poland.\nA historian of Latin America and Poland, Macierewicz has been on faculty at the University of Warsaw and Jagiellonian University.\n\n", "Q713534": "Mih\u00e1ly T\u00e1ncsics (Serbian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0458\u043b\u043e \u0422\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u045b) (21 April 1799, \u00c1cstesz\u00e9r \u2013 28 June 1884, Budapest) was a Hungarian writer, teacher, journalist and politician.\n\n", "Q150642": "Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia; Italian: Vittorio Emanuele III, Albanian: Viktor Emanueli III, Amharic: V\u012bkitori Imaw\u0113li; 11 November 1869 \u2013 28 December 1947) was the King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. In addition, he held the thrones of Ethiopia and Albania as Emperor of Ethiopia (1936\u20131943) and King of the Albanians (1939\u20131943). During his reign of nearly 46 years, which began after the assassination of his father Umberto I, the Kingdom of Italy became involved in two world wars. His reign also encompassed the birth, rise, and fall of Italian Fascism and its regime.\nDuring the First World War, Victor Emmanuel III accepted the resignation of Prime Minister Paolo Boselli and named Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (the premier of victory) in his place. Following the March on Rome, he appointed Benito Mussolini as Prime Minister and later deposed him in 1943 during the Allied invasion of Italy of the Second World War.\nVictor Emmanuel abdicated his throne in 1946 in favour of his son Umberto II, hoping to strengthen support for the monarchy against an ultimately successful referendum to abolish it. He then went into exile to Alexandria, Egypt, where he died and was buried the following year in Saint Catherines's Cathedral of Alexandria. In 2017 his remains were returned to rest in Italy, following an agreement between Italian President Sergio Mattarella and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.\nVictor Emmanuel was also called by some Italians Sciaboletta (\"little saber\"), due to his height of 1.53 m (5 ft 0 in), and il Re soldato (the Soldier King), for having led his country during both world wars.", "Q320309": "Benny Greb (born 13 June 1980 in Augsburg, Germany) is a prolific German drummer, singer and clinician. He started playing the drums at age six and began taking lessons at age twelve. He plays a large variety of music and can be seen playing rock with Stoppok and The Ron Spielman Trio, jazz with The Benny Greb Brass Band and Sabri Tulug Tirpan, funk with Jerobeam, fusion with the NDR Big Band on their Frank Zappa Project, with 3erGezimmeR and Wayne Krantz, and acoustic punk with Strom & Wasser. He has also performed at the Modern Drummer Festival 2010 and at many clinics and drum festivals around the world. Greb is endorsed by Sonor Drums and has his signature snare, Remo Drum Heads, Vic Firth, and by Meinl Percussion. He developed with Meinl a signature line of Byzance Vintage Series cymbals including the \"Sand Ride\" and \"Sand Hats,\" both known for their sandblasted finishes. In 2012, Meinl introduced new \"Sand Crash\" and \"Sand Crash/Ride\" cymbals to the Byzance Vintage lineup. Furthermore, Benny has a set of trash hats that he uses on the right side of his kit.\nIn 2009, Greb released his Hudson Music DVD \"The Language of Drumming\". In 2015, he released his DVD \"The Art And Science Of Groove\".", "Q111178": "Hans Bodensteiner (November 12, 1912 in Moosbach - April 8, 1995 in Unkel) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria and the GVP.", "Q253495": "Shefali Chowdhury (born 20 June 1988) is a British actress best known for playing the role of Parvati Patil in the Harry Potter film series, except for Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004), in which the character is played by Sitara Shah.", "Q658737": "Jan Pieter \"Jan P.\" Strijbos (March 14, 1891 \u2013 May 10, 1983) was a Dutch naturalist, cineast, photographer, journalist, writer and public speaker of the nature (and birds in particular) protection movement.\nStrijbos grew up in Haarlem and initially worked as an architectural engineer. He became more and more interested in birds and chose to start publishing on the subject in 1927. Daily newspapers such as Het Parool and De Telegraaf frequently reserved space for his popular columns. His first major work was the first part of What's that bird called (Dutch: Hoe heet die vogel?), followed by part two in 1930. He also wrote a richly illustrated book on the breeding of the grey heron before becoming involved in photography. His most notable achievement in that field was the material he created in the pre-war great cormorant colony in Lekkerkerk. He also created visual material for the promotion of his cause, which he mainly used for his lectures. His friend and Nobel prize winning ethologist Niko Tinbergen characterised him in a preface he has written for Strijbos' 1956 book about South Africa as follows: \"(...) the tramp, the carefree enjoyer, the admirer, the minstrel, and the ambassadeur of all things living, the witty conversationalist\".", "Q264239": "John Broadwood (6 October 1732 \u2013 17 July 1812) was the Scottish founder of the piano manufacturer Broadwood and Sons.", "Q842438": "The British people, or Britons, are the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies. British nationality law governs modern British citizenship and nationality, which can be acquired, for instance, by descent from British nationals. When used in a historical context, \"British\" or \"Britons\" can refer to the Celtic Britons, the indigenous inhabitants of Great Britain and Brittany, whose surviving members are the modern Welsh people, Cornish people, and Bretons. It may also refer to citizens of the former British Empire.\nThough early assertions of being British date from the Late Middle Ages, the Union of the Crowns in 1603 and the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 triggered a sense of British national identity. The notion of Britishness and a shared British identity was forged during the 18th century and early 19th century when Britain engaged in several global conflicts with France, and developed further during the Victorian era. The complex history of the formation of the United Kingdom created a \"particular sense of nationhood and belonging\" in Great Britain and Ireland; Britishness became \"superimposed on much older identities\", of English, Scots, Welsh, and Irish cultures, whose distinctiveness still resists notions of a homogenised British identity. Because of longstanding ethno-sectarian divisions, British identity in Northern Ireland is controversial, but it is held with strong conviction by Unionists.Modern Britons are descended mainly from the varied ethnic groups that settled in Great Britain in and before the 11th century: Prehistoric, Brittonic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Normans. The progressive political unification of the British Isles facilitated migration, cultural and linguistic exchange, and intermarriage between the peoples of England, Scotland and Wales during the late Middle Ages, early modern period and beyond. Since 1922 and earlier, there has been immigration to the United Kingdom by people from what is now the Republic of Ireland, the Commonwealth, mainland Europe and elsewhere; they and their descendants are mostly British citizens, with some assuming a British, dual or hyphenated identity.The British are a diverse, multinational, multicultural and multilingual society, with \"strong regional accents, expressions and identities\". The social structure of the United Kingdom has changed radically since the 19th century, with a decline in religious observance, enlargement of the middle class, and increased ethnic diversity, particularly since the 1950s, when citizens of the British Empire were encouraged to immigrate to Britain to work as part of the recovery from World War II. The population of the UK stands at around 66 million, with a British diaspora of around 140 million concentrated in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, with smaller concentrations in the United States, the Republic of Ireland, Chile, South Africa, and parts of the Caribbean.", "Q753110": "A songwriter is a musician who professionally composes musical compositions and writes lyrics for songs. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the latter term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre and film scoring, but is also associated writing and composing the original musical composition or musical bed. A songwriter who mainly writes the lyrics for a song is referred to as lyricist. The pressure from the music industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with the task of creating original melodies. Pop songs may be composed by group members from the band or by staff writers \u2013 songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own music publishers, while others have outside publishers.The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas and \"rock schools\". Knowledge of modern music technology (sequencers, synthesizers, computer sound editing), songwriting elements and business skills are now often necessary requirements for a songwriter. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules. Since songwriting and publishing royalties can be substantial sources of income, particularly if a song becomes a hit record; legally, in the US, songs written after 1934 may be copied only by the authors. The legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law.Songwriters can be employed to write either the lyrics or the music directly for or alongside a performing artist, or they present songs to A&R, publishers, agents and managers for consideration. Such as Gary Growden, aka Gary Hart, who has been a staff writer for a publishing company in Nashville for many years. Song pitching can be done on a songwriter's behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity. Staff writers do not necessarily get printed credit for their contributions to the song.", "Q3018520": "David Naccache is a cryptographer, currently a professor at the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure and a member of its Computer Laboratory. He was previously a professor at Panth\u00e9on-Assas University. He received his Ph.D. in 1995 from the \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications. Naccache's most notable work is in public-key cryptography, including the cryptanalysis of digital signature schemes. Together with Jacques Stern he designed the similarly named but very distinct Naccache-Stern cryptosystem and Naccache-Stern knapsack cryptosystem.\nIn 2004 David Naccache and Claire Whelan, then employed by Gemplus International, used image processing techniques to uncover redacted information from the declassified 6 August 2001 President's Daily Brief Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US. They also demonstrated how the same process could be applied to other redacted documents.Naccache is also a visiting professor and researcher at the Information Security Group of Royal Holloway, University of London.", "Q14950": "Sinsheim (German pronunciation: [\u02c8z\u026ansha\u026a\u032fm]) is a town in south-western Germany, in the Rhine Neckar Area of the state Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg about 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-east of Heidelberg and about 28 kilometres (17 mi) north-west of Heilbronn in the district Rhein-Neckar.", "Q1345794": "James William Ercolani (born June 8, 1936), known by his stage name James Darren, is an American television and film actor, television director, and singer.", "Q9832": "Eindhoven ( EYENT-hoh-v\u0259n, Dutch: [\u02c8\u025bint\u0266o\u02d0v\u0259(n)] (listen)) is the fifth-largest city and a municipality of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country. It had a population of 231,469 in 2019, making it the largest city in the province of North Brabant. Eindhoven was originally located at the confluence of the Dommel and Gender.Neighbouring cities and towns include Son en Breugel, Nuenen, Geldrop-Mierlo, Helmond, Heeze-Leende, Waalre, Veldhoven, Eersel, Oirschot and Best. The agglomeration has a population of 337,487. The metropolitan area consists of 419,045 inhabitants. The city region has a population of 753,426. The Brabantse Stedenrij combined metropolitan area has about two million inhabitants.", "Q192517": "Boulder () is the home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Boulder County, Colorado, United States. It is the state's 11th-most-populous municipality; Boulder is located at the base of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains at an elevation of 5,430 feet (1,655 m) above sea level. The city is 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Denver.The population of the City of Boulder was 97,385 people at the 2010 U.S. Census, while the population of the Boulder, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area was 294,567. Boulder is known for its association with gold seekers and for being the home of the main campus of the University of Colorado, the state's largest university. The city frequently receives high rankings in art, health, well-being, quality of life, and education.", "Q198984": "Ono no Komachi (\u5c0f\u91ce \u5c0f\u753a, c. 825 \u2013 c. 900) was a Japanese waka poet, one of the Rokkasen \u2014 the six best waka poets of the early Heian period. She was renowned for her unusual beauty, and Komachi is today a synonym for feminine beauty in Japan. She also counts among the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals.", "Q67766": "Cresciano is a former municipality in the district of Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nOn 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Iragna, Lodrino and Osogna merged into the new municipality of Riviera.\n\n", "Q231576": "Nana Tucker ( n\u0259-NAH; born July 26, 1957), known professionally as Nana Visitor, is an American actress, known for playing Kira Nerys in the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Jean Ritter in the television series Wildfire.", "Q93181": "Ehud Olmert (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05b6\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3 \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9\u05dc\u05b0\u05de\u05b6\u05e8\u05b0\u05d8, IPA: [e\u02c8hud \u02c8olme\u0281t] (listen); born 30 September 1945) is an Israeli politician and lawyer. He served as the 12th Prime Minister of Israel from 2006 to 2009 and before that as a cabinet minister from 1988 to 1992 and from 2003 to 2006. Between his first and second stints as a cabinet member, he served as mayor of Jerusalem from 1993 to 2003. After serving as PM he was sentenced to serve a prison term over convictions for accepting bribes and for obstruction of justice during his terms as mayor of Jerusalem and as trade minister.", "Q434655": "Olinka Hardiman (born 16 January 1960) is a French model and actress.\nShe is best known for looking like actress Marilyn Monroe and often portrayed her idol as a lookalike in the movies she appeared in, many of which were very adult in nature. She also did several adult magazine layouts. She was extremely supple and could perform contortions such as in Inside Marilyn (1985) where she performs the splits whilst standing on one leg, lifting the other leg up and pointing it at the ceiling.", "Q1774966": "Peter Jebsen ( 6 May 1824 \u2013 30 October 1892) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician. He was the founder of Dale of Norway.", "Q199442": "The Kingdom of Aragon (Aragonese: Reino d'Arag\u00f3n, Catalan: Regne d'Arag\u00f3, Latin: Regnum Aragonum, Spanish: Reino de Arag\u00f3n) was a medieval and early modern kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain. It should not be confused with the larger Crown of Aragon, that also included other territories \u2014 the Principality of Catalonia (which included the former Catalan Counties), the Kingdom of Valencia, the Kingdom of Majorca, and other possessions that are now part of France, Italy, and Greece \u2014 that were also under the rule of the King of Aragon, but were administered separately from the Kingdom of Aragon.\nIn 1479, upon John II of Aragon\u2019s death, the crowns of Aragon and Castile were united to form the nucleus of modern Spain. The Aragonese lands, however, retained autonomous parliamentary and administrative institutions, such as the Corts, until the Nueva Planta decrees, promulgated between 1707 and 1715 by Philip V of Spain in the aftermath of the War of the Spanish Succession, finally put an end to it.", "Q189889": "Chicago is a 2002 American musical crime comedy-drama film based on the stage-musical of the same name. It explores the themes of celebrity, scandal, and corruption in Chicago during the Jazz Age. The film stars Ren\u00e9e Zellweger, Catherine Zeta-Jones, and Richard Gere. Chicago centers on Roxie Hart (Zellweger) and Velma Kelly (Zeta-Jones) two murderesses who find themselves in jail together awaiting trial in 1920s Chicago. Roxie, a housewife, and Velma, a vaudevillian, fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows. The film marks the theatrical directorial debut of Rob Marshall, who also choreographed the film, and was adapted by screenwriter Bill Condon, with music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb. Critically lauded, Chicago won six Academy Awards in 2003, including Best Picture, the first musical to win Best Picture since Oliver! in 1968.", "Q655213": "James Henry Leigh Hunt (19 October 1784 \u2013 28 August 1859), best known as Leigh Hunt, was an English critic, essayist and poet.\nHunt co-founded The Examiner, a leading intellectual journal expounding radical principles. He was the centre of the Hampstead-based group that included William Hazlitt and Charles Lamb, known as the 'Hunt circle'. Hunt also introduced John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Robert Browning and Alfred Lord Tennyson to the public.\nHunt's presence at Shelley's funeral on the beach near Viareggio was immortalised in the painting by Louis \u00c9douard Fournier, although in reality Hunt did not stand by the pyre, as portrayed. Hunt inspired aspects of the Harold Skimpole character in Charles Dickens' novel Bleak House.", "Q261341": "The Highwaymen was an American country music supergroup, composed of four of country music's biggest artists, who pioneered the outlaw country subgenre: Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, and Kris Kristofferson. Between 1985 and 1995, the group recorded three major label albums as The Highwaymen: two on Columbia Records and one for Liberty Records. Their Columbia works produced three chart singles, including the number one \"Highwayman\" in 1985.\nBetween 1996 and 1999, Nelson, Kristofferson, Cash, and Jennings provided the voice and dramatization for the Louis L'Amour Collection, a four-CD box set of seven Louis L'Amour stories published by the HighBridge Company, although the four were not credited as \"The Highwaymen\" in this work.\nBesides the four formal members of the group, one other vocal artist appeared on a Highwaymen recording: Johnny Rodriguez, who provided Spanish vocal on \"Deportee\", a Woody Guthrie composition, from the album Highwayman.\nThe four starred in one movie together: the 1986 film Stagecoach.", "Q37151": "Sun Tzu ( soon DZOO, soon SOO; Chinese: \u5b6b\u5b50; pinyin: S\u016bnz\u01d0) was a Chinese general, military strategist, writer and philosopher who lived in the Eastern Zhou period of ancient China. Sun Tzu is traditionally credited as the author of The Art of War, an influential work of military strategy that has affected both Western and East Asian philosophy and military thinking. His works focus much more on alternatives to battle, such as stratagem, delay, the use of spies and alternatives to war itself, the making and keeping of alliances, the uses of deceit and a willingness to submit, at least temporarily, to more powerful foes. Sun Tzu is revered in Chinese and East Asian culture as a legendary historical and military figure. His birth name was Sun Wu and he was known outside of his family by his courtesy name Changqing. The name Sun Tzu by which he is best known in the Western World is an honorific which means \"Master Sun\".\nSun Tzu's historicity is uncertain. The Han dynasty historian Sima Qian and other traditional Chinese historians placed him as a minister to King Hel\u00fc of Wu and dated his lifetime to 544\u2013496 BC. Modern scholars accepting his historicity place the extant text of The Art of War in the later Warring States period based on its style of composition and its descriptions of warfare. Traditional accounts state that the general's descendant Sun Bin wrote a treatise on military tactics, also titled The Art of War. Since Sun Wu and Sun Bin were referred to as Sun Tzu in classical Chinese texts, some historians believed them identical, prior to the rediscovery of Sun Bin's treatise in 1972.\nSun Tzu's work has been praised and employed in East Asian warfare since its composition. During the twentieth century, The Art of War grew in popularity and saw practical use in Western society as well. It continues to influence many competitive endeavors in the world, including culture, politics, business and sports, as well as modern warfare.", "Q727691": "Jerome Dillon is a professional musician, best known for his tenure as drummer with industrial rock group Nine Inch Nails from 1999\u20132005. After his departure, his own project, Nearly, released its debut album reminder in December 2005, along with a cd maxi-single for the song \"Straight to Nowhere\". \"All is Lost\", a song from reminder that Dillon co-wrote with 12 Rounds singer, Claudia Sarne, was featured in the 2008 film, Diary of a Nymphomaniac. In addition, an authorized limited release live bootleg EP/DVD entitled reminder Live 2006, was released in August 2006. Dillon has worked as a composer for feature films since 2001.\nHe was born July 16, 1969, in Columbus, Ohio and attended St. Francis DeSales and Northland High School until 1987.\nIn 1994, Dillon joined pop-rock band Howlin' Maggie. In July 1998, Dillon parted ways with the band and moved to Los Angeles. Later that year, while visiting family in Columbus, Dillon was advised by Howlin' Maggie's then manager, Sheila Scott, to audition for Trent Reznor's Nine Inch Nails. Reznor had since parted ways with long-time drummer and collaborator Chris Vrenna. Dillon submitted a sample of his work, and was contacted shortly after with the opportunity to audition for Reznor. Dillon was subsequently asked to return to New Orleans two weeks later. \"I thought it was going to be the same thing all over again. Instead, I walked in and it was more of just a conversation with me and the band. Trent liked where I was coming from musically, and thought it was conducive to the direction of the new record\". He was featured as the band's live drummer on tours in support of The Fragile and With Teeth. In addition, Dillon worked with Reznor in the studio as a multi-instrumentalist on subsequent releases: Things Falling Apart, And All That Could Have Been, Still, and With Teeth. His last appearance with the band was at the Hollywood Bowl, California, on October 1, 2005.", "Q39168": "Field Marshal Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis, (10 December 1891 \u2013 16 June 1969), was a senior British Army officer who served with distinction in both the First World War and the Second World War and, afterwards, as Governor General of Canada, the 17th since Canadian Confederation.\nAlexander was born in London, England, to aristocratic parents and was educated at Harrow before moving on to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, for training as an army officer of the Irish Guards. He rose to prominence through his service in the First World War, receiving numerous honours and decorations, and continued his military career through various British campaigns across Europe and Asia. In World War II, Alexander oversaw the final stages of the Allied evacuation from Dunkirk and subsequently held high-ranking field commands in Burma, North Africa and Italy, including serving as Commander-in-Chief Middle East and commanding the 18th Army Group in Tunisia. He then commanded the 15th Army Group for the capture of Sicily and again in Italy before receiving his field marshal's baton and being made Supreme Allied Commander Mediterranean.\nIn 1946 he was appointed as governor general by King George VI, on the recommendation of Prime Minister of Canada William Lyon Mackenzie King, to replace the Earl of Athlone as viceroy, and he occupied the post until succeeded by Vincent Massey in 1952. Alexander proved to be enthusiastic about the Canadian wilderness and was a popular governor general with Canadians. He was the last non-Canadian-born governor general before the appointment of Adrienne Clarkson in 1999, as well as the last governor general to be a peer.\nAfter the end of his viceregal tenure, Alexander was sworn into the Queen's Privy Council for Canada and thereafter, in order to serve as the British Minister of Defence in the Cabinet of Winston Churchill, into the Imperial Privy Council. Alexander retired in 1954 and died in 1969.\n\n", "Q672860": "Christiano \"Tuka\" Chiaradia Alcoba Rocha (December 13, 1982 \u2013 November 17, 2019) was a Brazilian race car driver. He won numerous karting championships in Brazil from 1996 to 2000. Then moved up to South American Formula 3 Lights. In 2002 he moved to Europe to compete in the World Series by Nissan where he was Ricardo Zonta's teammate. In 2004 he competed in Superfund Euro 3000. In 2005 he was a test driver for A1 Team Brazil in the A1 Grand Prix Series and was named one of the team's race drivers for the 2006-2007 season. In 2008 Tuka was chosen to drive the Flamengo's car in Formula Superleague.Rocha died on November 17, 2019, three days after being involved in a small airplane crash near Bahia, Brazil. On a private flight from Jundia\u00ed Airport to Mara\u00fa-Barra Grande Airport near Mara\u00fa the aircraft crashed on landing. The Cessna Citation II burst into flames fatally injuring Tuka Rocha and two others.", "Q162182": "Watchmen is a 2009 American superhero film based on the 1986\u201387 DC Comics limited series of the same name by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons. Directed by Zack Snyder, it stars an ensemble cast of Malin \u00c5kerman, Billy Crudup, Matthew Goode, Carla Gugino, Jackie Earle Haley, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, and Patrick Wilson. A dark and dystopian take on the superhero genre, the film is set in an alternate history in the year 1985 at the height of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, as a group of mostly retired American superheroes investigates the murder of one of their own before uncovering an elaborate and deadly conspiracy, while their moral limitations are challenged by the complex nature of the circumstances.\nFrom October 1987 until October 2005, a live-action film adaptation of the Watchmen series became stranded in development hell. Producers Lawrence Gordon and Joel Silver began developing the project at 20th Century Fox, later moving it to Warner Bros. Pictures, the sister company of Watchmen publisher DC Comics, and hiring director Terry Gilliam, who eventually left the production and deemed the complex comic \"unfilmable\". During the 2000s, Gordon and Lloyd Levin collaborated with Universal Pictures, Revolution Studios and Paramount Pictures to produce the film. Directors David Hayter, Darren Aronofsky and Paul Greengrass were attached to the project before it was cancelled over budget disputes. In October 2005, the project returned to Warner Bros., where Snyder was hired to direct. Paramount remained as its international distributor, whereas Warner Bros. would distribute the film in the United States. However, Fox sued Warner Bros. for copyright violation arising from Gordon's failure to pay a buy-out in 1991, which enabled him to develop the film at the other studios. Fox and Warner Bros. settled this before the film's release, with Fox receiving a portion of the gross. Principal photography began in Vancouver, September 2007. As with his previous film 300, Snyder closely modelled his storyboards on the comic, but chose not to shoot all of Watchmen using green screens and opted for real sets instead.\nFollowing its world premiere at Odeon Leicester Square on February 23, 2009, the film was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters on March 6, 2009, and grossed $55 million on its opening weekend and over $185 million at the worldwide box office. The film polarized fans and critics; the style was praised, but Snyder was accused of making an action film that lacked the subtlety and wit of the comic. A DVD based on elements of the Watchmen universe was released, including an animated adaptation of the comic Tales of the Black Freighter within the story voiced by Gerard Butler, and a fictional documentary titled Under the Hood, detailing the older generation of superheroes from the film's back-story. A director's cut with 24 minutes of additional footage was released in July 2009. The \"Ultimate Cut\" edition incorporated the animated comic Tales of the Black Freighter into the narrative as it was in the original graphic novel, lengthening the runtime to 3 hours and 35 minutes, and was released on November 3, 2009. The director's cut was received better than the theatrical release.", "Q221771": "Bernardo Atxaga (born July 27, 1951) (pseudonym of Joseba Irazu Garmendia) is a Spanish Basque writer and self-translator.", "Q2973": "Darmstadt (, also UK: , US: , German: [\u02c8da\u0281m\u0283tat] (listen)) is a city in the state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region). Darmstadt had a population of around 157,437 at the end of 2016. The Darmstadt Larger Urban Zone has 430,993 inhabitants.Darmstadt holds the official title \"City of Science\" (German: Wissenschaftsstadt) as it is a major centre of scientific institutions, universities, and high-technology companies. The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) and the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) are located in Darmstadt, as well as GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research, where several chemical elements such as bohrium (1981), meitnerium (1982), hassium (1984), darmstadtium (1994), roentgenium (1994), and copernicium (1996) were discovered. The existence of the following elements were also confirmed at GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research: nihonium (2012), flerovium (2009), moscovium (2012), livermorium (2010), and tennessine (2012). The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is an international accelerator facility under construction. Darmstadt is also the seat of the world's oldest pharmaceutical company, Merck, which is the city's largest employer.\n\nDarmstadt was formerly the capital of a sovereign country, the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor, the People's State of Hesse, a federal state of Germany. As the capital of an increasingly prosperous duchy, the city gained some international prominence and remains one of the wealthiest cities in Europe. In the 20th century, industry (especially chemicals), as well as large science and electronics (later information technology) sectors became increasingly important, and are still a major part of the city's economy. It is also home to the football club SV Darmstadt 98. Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia, the wife of Nicholas II of Russia, was born in this city.", "Q271146": "Thelma Alice Todd (July 29, 1906 \u2013 December 16, 1935) was an American actress and businesswoman often referred to by the nickname \"The Ice Cream Blonde\", also \"Hot Toddy\". Appearing in around 120 feature films and shorts between 1926 and 1935, she is best remembered for her comedic roles opposite ZaSu Pitts and in films such as Marx Brothers' Monkey Business and Horse Feathers and a number of Charley Chase's short comedies. She co-starred with Buster Keaton and Jimmy Durante in Speak Easily. She also had roles in several Wheeler and Woolsey and Laurel and Hardy films, the last of which (The Bohemian Girl) featured her in a part that was truncated by her suspicious death in 1935 at the age of 29.", "Q1929936": "Michael Zerang (born November 16, 1958 in Chicago) is an American jazz percussionist.\nZerang's parents both emigrated to the United States from the Middle East; his father is Iranian and his mother Iraqi. He began playing professionally in 1976 (with Kent Kessler), and studied at Wilbur Wright College from 1977 to 1978 and Roosevelt College from 1978 to 1982. He began touring internationally in 1981, and has recorded on more than 120 albums.\nZerang has played with many American-based jazz musicians, such as Jim Baker, Dave Rempis, Edward Wilkerson, Fred Anderson, Fred Lonberg-Holm, Hamid Drake, Jeff Parker, Joe McPhee, Josh Berman, Kent Kessler, Kevin Drumm, Scott Fields, Mars Williams, and Tatsu Aoki. He has also played with international musicians such as Axel D\u00f6rner, Elisabeth Harnik, Fredy Studer, Hannes Bauer, Jaap Blonk, Luc Houtkamp, Magda Mayas, Mats Gustafsson, Mazen Kerbaj, Mikolaj Trzaska, Peter Br\u00f6tzmann, Sharif Sehnaoui, and Tobias Delius. He has been active as a jazz educator at the Art Institute of Chicago and Northwestern University, in addition to founding and directing the Link's Hall Performance Series from 1985 to 1989.", "Q198748": "Engels (Russian: \u042d\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441, IPA: [\u02c8\u025bn\u0261\u02b2\u026al\u02b2s]), formerly known as Pokrovsk and Kosakenstadt, is a city in Saratov Oblast, Russia. It is a port located on the Volga River across from Saratov, the administrative center of the oblast, and is connected to it with a bridge. It is the second-largest city in Saratov Oblast with a population of 202,419\u2009(2010 Census). Historically an important center for Volga Germans, the city was known jointly as Pokrovsk in Russian and as Kosakenstadt in German, until it was renamed after Friedrich Engels in 1931. Engels served as the capital of the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1918 to 1941. \nIt was previously known as Pokrovskaya sloboda (until 1914), Pokrovsk (until 1931).", "Q105119": "Carl Otto Lenz (born 5 June 1930 in Berlin) is a German lawyer, member of the German Bundestag (1965\u20131984) for the CDU and Advocate General at the European Court of Justice (1984\u20131997).\n\n", "Q241085": "Bugsy is a 1991 American biographical crime drama neo noir directed by Barry Levinson which tells the story of mobster Bugsy Siegel and his relationship with Virginia Hill. It stars Warren Beatty as Siegel and Annette Bening as Hill, as well as Harvey Keitel, Ben Kingsley, Elliott Gould, Bebe Neuwirth, and Joe Mantegna. The screenplay was written by James Toback from research material by Dean Jennings' 1967 book We Only Kill Each Other.\nThe film received acclaim from critics, including Roger Ebert, and was nominated for ten Oscars at the 64th Academy Awards, winning two for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration and Best Costume Design.\nA director's cut was released on DVD, containing an additional 13 minutes not seen in the theatrical version.", "Q5445986": "Fettes College is a private co-educational independent boarding and day school in Edinburgh, Scotland, with over two-thirds of its pupils in residence on campus. The school was originally a boarding school for boys only and became co-ed in 1983. In 1978 the College had a nine-hole golf course, an ice-skating rink used in winter for ice hockey and in summer as an outdoor swimming pool, a cross-country running track and a rifle shooting range within the forested 300-acre grounds. Fettes is sometimes referred to as a public school, although the term is traditionally used in Scotland for state schools. The school was founded with a bequest of Sir William Fettes in 1870 and started admitting girls in 1970. It follows the English rather than Scottish education system and has nine houses. The main building was designed by David Bryce.", "Q4749593": "Amzie Moore (September 23, 1911 \u2013 February 1, 1982) was an African-American civil rights leader and entrepreneur in the Mississippi Delta.\n\n", "Q71110": "Wilhelm Friedrich Wolff, nicknamed Lupus (21 June 1809 \u2013 9 May 1864) was a German schoolmaster.", "Q529604": "Jacques Viger (May 7, 1787 \u2013 December 12, 1858) was an antiquarian, archaeologist, and the first mayor of the Canadian city of Montreal, Quebec.", "Q1373232": "Eugenie Baird (November 19, 1923 \u2013 June 12, 1988) was an American big-band singer.", "Q1186767": "Den Harrow (born 4 June 1962 as Stefano Zandri) is an Italo disco artist and fashion model. The name Den Harrow was conceived by producers Roberto Turatti and Miki Chieregato, who based it on the Italian word denaro (money).", "Q607227": "John Charles Butcher (born 31 March 1933) is a New Zealand mathematician who specialises in numerical methods for the solution of ordinary differential equations.\nButcher works on multistage methods for initial value problems, such as Runge-Kutta and general linear methods. The Butcher group and the Butcher tableau are named after him.\nMore recently, he is investigating a new type of method with stability identical to that of a Runge-Kutta method.", "Q75376": "Karl Philipp Conz (1762\u20131827) was a German poet.", "Q159114": "Radola Gajda, born as Rudolf Geidl (14 February 1892, Kotor, Kingdom of Dalmatia, Austria-Hungary \u2013 15 April 1948, Prague, Czechoslovakia was a military commander and politician.", "Q235704": "Kyla Cole (born Martina Jacov\u00e1, Czech pronunciation: [jatsova\u02d0]; November 10, 1978) is a Slovak glamour model, Penthouse Pet and former television presenter.", "Q367056": "Benedict Martin Paul \"Ben\" Mulroney (born March 9, 1976) is a Canadian television host. He is the oldest son of former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney.", "Q96953": "Jakob Sprenger (24 July 1884 \u2013 7 May 1945) was a Nazi politician.\nSprenger was born in Oberhausen near Bad Bergzabern in the Palatinate. In 1922, when employed as a postal inspector, Sprenger became a member of the Nazi Party. He was anti-Semitic, and rose quickly through the ranks, first to Gauleiter of Hesse-Nassau-South in 1927, and by September 1930 was an elected member of the Reichstag.\nOn 5 May 1933 Sprenger was appointed Reichsstatthalter of Hesse and leader (Gauleiter) of the new Gau formed from the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau, which included the federated state of Hesse-Darmstadt. In the process of the Gleichschaltung, in particular due to the 'Reichsstatthaltergesetz' of 30 January 1935, he was able to take over leadership of the provincial government from Philipp Wilhelm Jung. Besides Martin Mutschmann of Saxony, he was the only governor charged with such a double function.\nOn 1 September 1939, SA-Obergruppenf\u00fchrer Sprenger became Reich Commissar of Defense District XII, and as of 1 December 1943 also in the Gau of Hesse-Nassau. Later Sprenger was appointed High President (Oberpr\u00e4sident) of the Prussian province of Nassau in 1944, after Prince Philip of Hesse-Kassel had been removed. On the night of 25 to 26 March 1945, Sprenger fled from the advancing U.S. Army from Frankfurt to K\u00f6ssen, Austria, where the Russians and US Army were subsequently in a pincer to cover the whole country. Trapped, he and his wife committed suicide on 7 May 1945.", "Q118148": "Liliane Chappuis (27 June 1955 in Fribourg \u2013 25 June 2007) was a Swiss politician from the Canton of Fribourg and member of the Swiss National Council (1999\u20132003 and 2007).\nChappuis was elected to the executive of the municipality of Corpataux-Magnedens in 1986. She was mayor of the village since 1996. From 1990 to 1999 was member of the cantonal parliament of Fribourg.\nIn 1999, Chappuis was elected to the National Council on the list of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SPS/PSS). She was on the Council's Committee for Science, Education and Culture.\nIn the 2003 elections, she was not reelected, finishing behind Erwin Jutzet. In 2007, when Jutzet was elected to the Conseil d'Etat of Fribourg and resigned his seat in parliament, Chappuis succeeded him and returned to the National Council on 5 March 2007.\nChappuis died of a heart attack, two days before her 52nd birthday.", "Q25227": "The Netherlands Antilles (Dutch: Nederlandse Antillen, pronounced [\u02ccne\u02d0d\u0259rl\u0251nts\u0259 \u0294\u0251n\u02c8t\u026al\u0259(n)] (listen); Papiamentu: Antia Hulandes) was a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The country consisted of several island territories located in the Caribbean Sea. The islands were also informally known as the Dutch Antilles. The country came into being in 1954 as the autonomous successor of the Dutch colony of Cura\u00e7ao and Dependencies and was dissolved in 2010. The Dutch colony of Surinam, although it was relatively close by on the continent of South America, did not become part of the Netherlands Antilles but became a separate autonomous country in 1954. All the island territories that belonged to the Netherlands Antilles remain part of the kingdom today, although the legal status of each differs. As a group they are still commonly called the Dutch Caribbean, regardless of their legal status.", "Q715637": "Robert Keith Young (born 16 May 1945) is an English musician and author, who became famous for being the unofficial fifth member of the rock band Status Quo.", "Q194614": "Elisabeth Elliot (n\u00e9e Howard; December 21, 1926 \u2013 June 15, 2015) was a Christian author and speaker. Her first husband, Jim Elliot, was killed in 1956 while attempting to make missionary contact with the Auca (now known as Huaorani; also rendered as Waorani or Waodani) of eastern Ecuador. She later spent two years as a missionary to the tribe members who killed her husband. Returning to the United States after many years in South America, she became widely known as the author of over twenty books and as a speaker. Elliot toured the country, sharing her knowledge and experience, well into her seventies.", "Q272329": "Uhm Jung-hwa (Korean: \uc5c4\uc815\ud654; born August 17, 1969) is a South Korean singer, actress and dancer. Nicknamed the \"evergreen\", Uhm is considered to be one of the most influential women in the Korean entertainment industry, with many female artists recognizing her as a role model.Uhm began her career in 1987 as a chorus member for the broadcasting company MBC. She made her film debut in the 1992 film Marriage Story, and released her first studio album, Sorrowful Secret, that same year. The album's lead single, \"Pupil\" (\ub208\ub3d9\uc790), helped to establish her unique image. \nUhm's fourth studio album was a huge success, bolstered by the singles \"Poison\" and its title track, \"Invitation\". Her signature songs include \"Rose of Betrayal\", \"Molla\", \"Festival\" and \"Dagara\". Following a nearly decade-long hiatus from music, Uhm released her tenth studio album The Cloud Dream of the Nine in 2017. \n\n", "Q713246": "V\u00edctor Balaguer i Cirera (Catalan pronunciation: [\u02c8biktu\u027e \u03b2\u0259l\u0259\u02c8\u0263e]; 11 December 1824 \u2013 14 January 1901) was a spanish politician and author, was born at Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) on 11 December 1824, and was educated at the university of his native city.", "Q184407": "The Basilica of Saint-Denis (French: Basilique royale de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is a large medieval abbey church in the city of Saint-Denis, now a northern suburb of Paris. The building is of singular importance historically and architecturally as its choir, completed in 1144, shows the first use of all of the elements of Gothic architecture.\nThe site originated as a Gallo-Roman cemetery in late Roman times. The archeological remains still lie beneath the cathedral; the people buried there seem to have had a faith that was a mix of Christian and pre-Christian beliefs and practices. Around 475 St. Genevieve purchased some land and built Saint-Denys de la Chapelle. In 636 on the orders of Dagobert I the relics of Saint Denis, a patron saint of France, were reinterred in the basilica. The relics of St-Denis, which had been transferred to the parish church of the town in 1795, were brought back again to the abbey in 1819.The basilica became a place of pilgrimage and the burial place of the French Kings with nearly every king from the 10th to the 18th centuries being buried there, as well as many from previous centuries. (It was not used for the coronations of kings, that function being reserved for the Cathedral of Reims; however, French Queens were commonly crowned there.) \"Saint-Denis\" soon became the abbey church of a growing monastic complex.\nIn the 12th century, the Abbot Suger rebuilt portions of the abbey church using innovative structural and decorative features. In doing so, he is said to have created the first truly Gothic building. The basilica's 13th-century nave is the prototype for the Rayonnant Gothic style, and provided an architectural model for many medieval cathedrals and abbeys of northern France, Germany, England and a great many other countries.\nThe abbey church became a cathedral in 1966 and is the seat of the Bishop of Saint-Denis, Pascal Michel Ghislain Delannoy. Although known as the \"Basilica of St Denis\", the cathedral has not been granted the title of Minor Basilica by the Vatican.The 86m high spire, dismantled in the nineteenth century, will be rebuilt. The project, initiated more than thirty years ago, will begin in May 2020. It should take about eleven years and cost 28 million euros.\n\n", "Q909149": "Salem's Lot (also known as Salem's Lot: The Movie, Salem's Lot: The Miniseries and Blood Thirst) is a 1979 American miniseries television adaptation of the horror novel of the same name by Stephen King. Directed by Tobe Hooper and starring David Soul and James Mason, the plot concerns a writer who returns to his hometown and discovers that its citizens are turning into vampires. Salem's Lot combines elements of both the vampire film and haunted house subgenres of horror.", "Q65603": "For the politician of this name, see Johann Heermann (politician).Johann Heermann (11 October 1585 \u2013 17 February 1647) was a German poet and hymnodist. He is commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church on 26 October with Philipp Nicolai and Paul Gerhardt.", "Q119256": "Helen Vita (7 August 1928 in Hohenschwangau \u2013 16 February 2001 in Berlin) was a Swiss chanson singer, actress, and comedian. In 1966 Vita recorded Freche Chansons aus dem alten Frankreich, traditional French chansons translated into German. The explicit content of the songs was under scrutiny by courts in Germany before the Protests of 1968. She was married to the composer Walter Baumgartner.", "Q102110": "Gisela von P\u00f6llnitz (born 12 January 1911 in Pasing, \u202014 September 1939 in Switzerland) was a German journalist, communist and resistance fighter who was most notable as a member and courier for the anti-fascist resistance group around Harro Schulze-Boysen, that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Gestapo.", "Q124869": "Charles-Gaspard de la Rive (March 14, 1770 \u2013 March 18, 1834) was a Swiss physician who specialized in the treatment of mental illness, and later worked as a physicist.\n\n", "Q250836": "Mozart and the Whale (released as Crazy in Love in some parts of Europe) is a 2005 romantic comedy-drama film directed by Petter N\u00e6ss and starring Josh Hartnett and Radha Mitchell.\n\n", "Q4304102": "Moscow State University of Printing Arts of Ivan Fedorov (MSUPA (MGUP in Russian); former name: Moscow Polygraphic Institute, Moscow State Academy of Printing) is Russia's largest university in the field of preparing specialists in printing and publishing.", "Q69039": "Albert Stohr (13 November 1890 \u2013 3 June 1961) was Bishop of Mainz from 17 July 1935 until his death.\nStohr was born in Friedberg, Germany. He entered the seminary in Mainz in 1909 and was ordained as a priest on 19 October 1913 in Mainz Cathedral. After the death of Bishop Ludwig Maria Hugo, he was elected bishop by the cathedral chapter on 10 June 1935 and confirmed by Pope Pius XI on 17 July 1935. He was consecrated by Archbishop Conrad Gr\u00f6ber on 24 August 1935.His time in office was dominated by World War II and the subsequent reconstruction efforts. He died in Seligenstadt.\nAmid 1941 Catholic protests over Nazi euthanasia led by Bishop Clemens August Graf von Galen, Stohr sermonized against the taking of life.", "Q228755": "Lauren Helen Graham (born March 16, 1967) is an American actress and author. She is best known for her roles as Lorelai Gilmore on the television series Gilmore Girls (2000\u20132007 and 2016), for which she received nominations for Screen Actors Guild, Golden Globe and Satellite Awards, and as Sarah Braverman on the NBC television drama Parenthood (2010\u20132015).\nGraham's film work includes roles in Sweet November (2001), Bad Santa (2003), The Pacifier (2005), Because I Said So (2007), and Evan Almighty (2007). She published her debut novel with Ballantine Books in 2013, Someday, Someday, Maybe. In 2016, Graham reprised her role as Lorelai Gilmore on Netflix's reunion miniseries Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life and published a memoir, Talking as Fast as I Can. Her third book, In Conclusion, Don't Worry About It was published in 2018.", "Q271620": "Katherine Elaine Hendrix (born December 28, 1970) is an American actress, model, producer, singer, dancer, and activist. She is known for her roles in the 1998 remake of The Parent Trap, Inspector Gadget 2, and the 2004 documentary film What the Bleep Do We Know!?", "Q1377732": "Lake Michigan\u2013Huron (also Huron\u2013Michigan) is the combined waters of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, which are joined through the 5-mile-wide (8.0 km), 20-fathom-deep (120 ft; 37 m), open-water Straits of Mackinac. Huron and Michigan are hydrologically a single lake because the flow of water through the straits keeps their water levels in near-equilibrium. Although the flow is generally eastward, the water moves in either direction depending on local conditions. Combined, Lake Michigan\u2013Huron is the largest fresh water lake by area in the world. However, if Lake Huron and Lake Michigan are considered two separate lakes Lake Superior is larger than either.", "Q76119": "Hans-J\u00fcrgen Dohrenkamp (born 8 June 1948), better known by his stage name J\u00fcrgen von der Lippe, is a German television presenter, entertainer, actor and comedian. His stage name comes from the fact that he was born near the source of the river Lippe.", "Q154356": "F\u00e9lix \u00c9douard Justin \u00c9mile Borel (French: [b\u0254\u0281\u025bl]; 7 January 1871 \u2013 3 February 1956) was a French mathematician and politician. As a mathematician, he was known for his founding work in the areas of measure theory and probability.", "Q95282": "Ferdinand Walter (born at Wetzlar, 30 November 1794; died at Bonn, 13 December 1879) was a German jurist, member of the Prussian National Assembly and professor at the University of Bonn.", "Q1658254": "Il Popolo d'Italia (\"The People of Italy\"), was an Italian newspaper which published editions every day with the exception for Mondays founded by Benito Mussolini in 1914, after his split from the Italian Socialist Party. The paper was founded as a pro-war newspaper during World War I.Il Popolo d'Italia ran from 15 November 1914 until 24 July 1943 and became the foundation for the Fascist movement in Italy after World War I. The paper, advocating militarism and irredentism, was subsidized by the French and industrialists on the pretext of influencing Italy to join the Entente Powers. The word \u201csocialist\u201d was displayed on the newspaper's masthead until 1918 to attract followers to \u201chis idea of a \u2018revolutionary war.\u2019\u201dMussolini often wrote anonymously for his newspaper, such as when he mocked a proposal for an Italian copy of \"Heil Hitler\", or to spread his ideas about Italy increasing its birth rate. From 1936 to 1943 it was edited by Giorgio Pini.Among the co-founders were Manlio Morgagni, who became an ardent supporter of Fascism and the chairman of news agency Agenzia Stefani.", "Q104561": "Ernst Wilhelm Eschmann (pseud. Leopold Dingr\u00e4ve, Von Severus, 1904 - 1987) was a German author, sociologist and playwright.", "Q67014": "Gerzensee is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nThe town is named after its lake: Gerzensee.", "Q70568": "Molondin is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q2120396": "Wilson Greatbatch (September 6, 1919 \u2013 September 27, 2011) was an American engineer and pioneering inventor. He held more than 325 patents and was a member of the National Inventors Hall of Fame and a recipient of the Lemelson\u2013MIT Prize and the National Medal of Technology and Innovation (1990).", "Q68327": "Aeschi bei Spiez is a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q380626": "William Thomas Strayhorn (November 29, 1915 \u2013 May 31, 1967) was an American jazz composer, pianist, lyricist, and arranger, best remembered for his long-time collaboration with bandleader and composer Duke Ellington that lasted nearly three decades. His compositions include \"Take the 'A' Train\", \"Chelsea Bridge\", \"A Flower Is a Lovesome Thing\", and \"Lush Life\".", "Q60790": "Jordan of Saxony, (referred to in Latin as Jordanis, also known as de Alamania; c. 1190 \u2013 1237), was one of the first leaders of the Dominican Order. His feast day is February 13.", "Q219563": "The University of Washington (UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington. Founded in 1861, Washington was first established in downtown Seattle approximately a decade after the city's founding to aid its economic development. Today, the university's 703-acre main Seattle campus is in the University District above the Montlake Cut, within the urban Puget Sound region of the Pacific Northwest. The university has additional campuses in Tacoma and Bothell. Overall, UW encompasses over 500 buildings and over 20 million gross square footage of space, including one of the largest library systems in the world with over 26 university libraries, as well as the UW Tower, lecture halls, art centers, museums, laboratories, stadiums, and conference centers. The university offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees through 140 departments in various colleges and schools, sees about 46,000 in total student enrollment every year, and functions on a quarter system.\nWashington is a member of the Association of American Universities and classified as an R1 Doctoral Research University classification under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. It is cited as a leading university in the world for scientific performance and research output by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and the CWTS Leiden Ranking. In the 2015 fiscal year, the UW received nearly $1.2 billion in research funding, the 3rd largest among all universities in the United States. As the flagship institution of the six public universities in Washington State, it is known for its research in medicine, science, as well as its highly-competitive computer science and engineering programs. Additionally, Washington continues to benefit from its deep historical ties and major collaborations with numerous technology giants in the region, such as Amazon, Boeing, Nintendo, and particularly Microsoft. Paul G. Allen, Bill Gates and others spent significant time at Washington computer labs for a startup venture before founding Microsoft. Its 22 varsity sports teams are also highly competitive, competing as the Huskies in the Pac-12 Conference of the NCAA Division I, representing the United States at the Olympic Games, and other major competitions.The university has been affiliated with many notable alumni and faculty, including 20 Nobel Prize laureates and numerous Pulitzer Prize winners, Fulbright Scholars, Rhodes Scholars, Marshall Scholars, as well as members of other distinguished institutions.", "Q622702": "Not to be confused with Klaus Riedel (\"Riedel II\") or Walther Johannes Riedel (\"Riedel III\"), who were also Peenem\u00fcnde engineers.\n\nWalter J H \"Papa\" Riedel (\"Riedel I\") was a German engineer who was the head of the Design Office of the Army Research Centre Peenem\u00fcnde and the chief designer of the A4 (V-2) ballistic rocket. The crater Riedel on the Moon was co-named for him and the German rocket pioneer Klaus Riedel.", "Q472199": "Charles Jeremy Lewis (born October 21, 1934) is an American politician who was a U.S. Representative, last serving California's 41st congressional district. He was first elected to Congress in 1978, and previously represented the 40th, 35th, and 37th districts. A Republican, he is a former chairman of the House Appropriations Committee, serving in that role during the 109th Congress. In January 2012 he announced that he was not running for re-election and would end his congressional career in January 2013.", "Q271813": "Elisabeth Olin n\u00e9e Lillstr\u00f6m (December 1740 \u2013 26 March 1828) was a Swedish opera singer and a music composer. She performed the leading female role in the inauguration performance of the Royal Swedish Opera in 1773, and is referred to as the first Swedish opera prima donna. She was the first female to be made Hovs\u00e5ngerska (1773), and the first woman to become a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music (1782).", "Q28930": "Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme (Spanish pronunciation: [be\u027e\u02c8na\u027e\u00f0o o\u02c8(x)i\u0263ins] (listen); 1778\u20131842) was a Chilean independence leader who freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence. He was a wealthy landowner of Spanish and Irish ancestry. Although he was the second Supreme Director of Chile (1817\u20131823), he is considered one of Chile's founding fathers, as he was the first holder of this title to head a fully independent Chilean state.", "Q180852": "Zhang Ziyi ([\u0288\u0282\u00e1\u014b ts\u0268\u0300.\u01d0]; Chinese: \u7ae0\u5b50\u6021; born 9 February 1979) is a Chinese actress and model. Her first major role was in The Road Home (1999). She later gained international recognition for her role in Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), which was nominated for 10 Academy Awards. Zhang has also appeared in Rush Hour 2 (2001), Hero (2002), and House of Flying Daggers (2004). Her most critically acclaimed works are Memoirs of a Geisha (2005), which earned her nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Drama, the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role; and The Grandmaster (2013), for which she won 12 different Best Actress awards to become the most awarded Chinese actress for a single film.From 2004 to 2010, Zhang ranked in the Top 5 of Forbes China Celebrity 100 list every year. In 2008, she was awarded with the Outstanding Contribution to Chinese Cinema award at the 11th Shanghai International Film Festival. In 2013, she received the French Cultural Order at the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.\nZhang most recently appeared in the films The Cloverfield Paradox (2018), Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019) and upcoming Godzilla vs. Kong (2020), both sequels to the franchise reboot film Godzilla.", "Q1349637": "Jean Ango (italianized version for Jehan Angot) (1480\u20131551) was a Norman ship-owner who provided ships to king of France Francis I for exploration of the globe. A native of Dieppe, Ango took over his father's import-export business, and ventured into the spice trade with Africa and India. He was one of the first French to challenge the monopoly of Spain and Portugal, in addition to trading with the eastern Mediterranean, the British Isles, and the Low Countries. He also helped to finance the voyages of Giovanni da Verrazzano and Jacques Cartier.His father (also named Jean Ango) sent two ships to Newfoundland in an early colonization attempt, including Jehan Denis and Thomas Aubert as captain of the Pens\u00e9e.\nTheir arrival in 1508 is the second recorded voyage of a French ship to the Grand Banks after the expedition of John Cabot. After his father's death (probably in the final years of the reign of King Louis XII), the younger Jean Ango stopped any personal participation in trading voyages and settled in Dieppe with his inherited fortune.He eventually controlled a fleet, partially or alone, of 70 ships, including merchant ships and fishing vessels. Although he funded expeditions for trade and exploration, and used his ships (legally) for wartime raids, \"he also sponsored voyages whose only purpose was piracy\".Ango was an intimate friend of King Francis I. In 1521 he was styled Viscount of Dieppe, and in 1533, after the king had visited him in his mansion in Normandy, captain of Dieppe. When John III of Portugal confiscated one of his ships which carried plunder from captured vessels, Ango received the French king's permission to respond. Acting under a letter of marque issued on 26 July 1530, he harassed the Portuguese fleet in the Atlantic, and even threatened to block the port of Lisbon. On 15 August 1531, the Portuguese king agreed to pay reparations of 60,000 ducats in return for Ango's agreement to stop his actions and surrender the letter of marque which permitted them.He lost popularity under King Henry II. Already nearly bankrupt after his forced participation in a royal armament project, he was imprisoned after 1549 for failing to pay taxes on his profits from privateering.In his book La chanson des pilotes, he was the first to describe in writing the use of tobacco.", "Q473287": "Melton D. \"Mel\" Hancock (September 14, 1929 \u2013 November 6, 2011) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Missouri's 7th congressional district.\nHancock was born in Cape Fair, Stone County, Missouri and in 1936 started school in Carthage, Missouri. From 1936 to 1941 he attended school in Springfield, Missouri. During World War II from 1941 to 1945, he attended school in Amarillo, Texas; Topeka, Kansas and Sioux City, Iowa. From 1945 to 1947, he attended high school in Springfield, Missouri, graduating in 1947. He received his B.S. from Southwest Missouri State (now Missouri State University) in 1951. He enlisted in the United States Air Force in August, 1951. In basic training he was awarded the American Spirit Honor Medal. He attended the United States Air Force Officer Candidate School and earned the rank of second lieutenant in March, 1953. Hancock was relieved from active duty in 1953, but continued to serve in the United States Air Force Inactive Reserve until 1965 and was discharged at the rank of first lieutenant.\nHancock worked full and part-time from 1947 to 1951 for International Harvester Company during college and from 1953 to 1959, when he resigned and returned to Springfield, Missouri to enter the insurance business, where he worked from 1959 to 1969. In 1969, he co-founded Federal Protection, Inc., a bank security equipment leasing company.\nIn 1977 he founded The Taxpayer Survival Association, a not-for-profit organization dedicated to educating the public on the principle of constitutional tax limitation. Hancock was the originator, catalyst, and primary organizer and author of an omnibus state and local tax limitation amendment to the Missouri Constitution passed by the voters of Missouri in 1980. Placed on the ballot by an initiative petition process led by Hancock, what is commonly referred to as \"The Hancock Amendment\", consisted of new sections 16 to 24 of Article 10 of the Missouri Constitution. In general, subject to certain definitions, exceptions and enforcement processes outlined in the Hancock Amendment, the Hancock Amendment limited total state revenues and expenses in Missouri to a percentage of personal income of persons in Missouri, required the state of Missouri to continue to fund expenditures of local political subdivisions required by state law, and required new local tax, licenses or fees to be approved by the voters of such political subdivisions. The Hancock Amendment was one of the first state tax limitation amendments in the United States and is still in effect today.\nAdvocating Constitutional Tax and Spending Amendment he was a candidate for the Republican nomination for United States Senator in 1982, challenging incumbent Republican John Danforth, and a candidate for nomination as Lieutenant Governor of Missouri in 1984, losing out to Democrat Harriet Woods.\nIn 1988, Hancock was elected as a Republican to the 101st and to the three succeeding Congresses, serving between January 3, 1989 and January 3, 1997. He was not a candidate for re-election to the 105th Congress and resided in Springfield with his wife Alma \"Sug\" McDaniel, whom he married on November 17, 1951, until his death on November 6, 2011.They had three children: two sons, one born in 1955 and one born in 1958, and one daughter born in 1969.\nIn December, 2013 Hancock was announced as an inductee to the Hall of Famous Missourians. His bronze bust, created by Kansas City Sculptor, E. Spencer Schubert will be one of forty-four on permanent display in the Missouri State Capitol in Jefferson City.", "Q454638": "Hanne-Vibeke Holst (born 21 February 1959 in Hj\u00f8rring, Denmark) is an author. She has an education as a journalist and has worked on the Danish newspapers Berlingske Tidende and S\u00f8ndags B.T.\nShe is the daughter of authors Knud Holst Andersen and Kirsten Johanne H\u00f8ybye. She was married in 1984. Today, she acts as a Goodwill Ambassador to the UNFPA and is a personal appointed member of the Danish UNESCO National Commission.Her books are mainly about modern women facing both new options and old problems, and have been translated to several languages, including German, Dutch, and Swedish.\nIn 2003 she was awarded the S\u00f8ren Gyldendal Prize. In 2008 she won the Danish booksellers annual prize De Gyldne Laurb\u00e6r (The Golden Laurel).", "Q1233831": "Ralph Gibson (born January 16, 1939) is an American art photographer best known for his photographic books. His images often incorporate fragments with erotic and mysterious undertones, building narrative meaning through contextualization and surreal juxtaposition.", "Q498540": "Perleberg is the capital of the district of Prignitz, located in the northwest of the German state of Brandenburg. The town received city rights in 1239 and today has about 12,000 inhabitants. Located in a mostly agricultural area, the town has a long history of troops being stationed here (most notably Prussian) and as an administrative center for local government.", "Q5749": "Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (; French: [pj\u025b\u0281\u0292oz\u025bf p\u0281ud\u0254\u0303]; 15 January 1809 \u2013 19 January 1865) was a French politician and the founder of mutualist philosophy. He was the first person to declare himself an anarchist, using that term and is widely regarded as one of the ideology's most influential theorists. Proudhon is even considered by many to be the \"father of anarchism\". He became a member of the French Parliament after the Revolution of 1848, whereafter he referred to himself as a federalist.Proudhon, who was born in Besan\u00e7on, was a printer who taught himself Latin in order to better print books in the language. His best-known assertion is that \"property is theft!\", contained in his first major work, What Is Property? Or, an Inquiry into the Principle of Right and Government (Qu'est-ce que la propri\u00e9t\u00e9? Recherche sur le principe du droit et du gouvernement), published in 1840. The book's publication attracted the attention of the French authorities. It also attracted the scrutiny of Karl Marx, who started a correspondence with its author. The two influenced each other and they met in Paris while Marx was exiled there. Their friendship finally ended when Marx responded to Proudhon's The System of Economic Contradictions, or The Philosophy of Poverty with the provocatively titled The Poverty of Philosophy. The dispute became one of the sources of the split between the anarchist and Marxist wings of the International Working Men's Association. Some such as Edmund Wilson have contended that Marx's attack on Proudhon had its origin in the latter's defense of Karl Gr\u00fcn, whom Marx bitterly disliked, but who had been preparing translations of Proudhon's work.\nProudhon favored workers' associations or co-operatives as well as individual worker/peasant possession over private ownership or the nationalization of land and workplaces. He considered social revolution to be achievable in a peaceful manner. In The Confessions of a Revolutionary, Proudhon asserted that \"Anarchy is Order Without Power\", the phrase which much later inspired in the view of some the anarchist circled-A symbol, today \"one of the most common graffiti on the urban landscape\". He unsuccessfully tried to create a national bank, to be funded by what became an abortive attempt at an income tax on capitalists and shareholders. Similar in some respects to a credit union, it would have given interest-free loans.", "Q95269": "Werner Gustav Schulz (born January 22, 1950 in Zwickau) is a German politician (Alliance '90/The Greens). He was from 1990 to 2005 a Member of the German Bundestag and from 2009\u20132014 a Member of the European Parliament (MEP). Schulz is considered the only profiled civil rights activist from East Germany who prevailed permanently in his party.", "Q96760": "Werner Willikens (8 February 1893 in Vienenburg \u2013 25 October 1961 in Wolfenb\u00fcttel) was a German politician with the Nazi Party. His phrase \"working towards the F\u00fchrer\", which he used in a 1934 speech, has become a common description of Nazi bureaucracy in literature.", "Q169982": "Gerard James Butler (born 13 November 1969) is a Scottish actor and film producer. After studying law, Butler turned to acting in the mid-1990s with small roles in productions such as Mrs Brown (1997), the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies (1997), and Tale of the Mummy (1998). In 2000, he starred as Dracula in the horror film Dracula 2000 with Christopher Plummer and Jonny Lee Miller.\nHe subsequently played Attila the Hun in the miniseries Attila (2001) and then appeared in the films Reign of Fire with Christian Bale (2002) and Lara Croft: Tomb Raider \u2013 The Cradle of Life with Angelina Jolie (2003), before playing Andr\u00e9 Marek in the adaptation of Michael Crichton's science fiction adventure Timeline (2003). He then was cast as the role of Erik, The Phantom in Joel Schumacher's 2004 film adaptation of the musical The Phantom of the Opera alongside Emmy Rossum. That role earned him a Satellite Award nomination for Best Actor.\nButler gained worldwide recognition for his portrayal of King Leonidas in Zack Snyder's fantasy war film 300. That role earned him nominations for an Empire Award for Best Actor and a Saturn Award for Best Actor and a win for MTV Movie Award for Best Fight. In the 2010s, he voiced the role of Stoick the Vast in the animated action-fantasy film How to Train Your Dragon, a role he later reprised in Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon (2010), Gift of the Night Fury (2011), How to Train Your Dragon 2 (2014), and How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World (2019). Also in the 2010s, he portrayed Secret Service agent Mike Banning in the action thriller trilogy Olympus Has Fallen, London Has Fallen, and Angel Has Fallen. He played military leader Tullus Aufidius in the 2011 film Coriolanus, a modernized adaptation of Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name. He also played Sam Childers in the 2011 action biopic Machine Gun Preacher.", "Q6240": "Khw\u0101ja Shams-ud-D\u012bn Mu\u1e25ammad \u1e24\u0101fe\u1e93-e Sh\u012br\u0101z\u012b (Persian: \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u200c\u200c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200e), known by his pen name Hafez (\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u1e24\u0101fe\u1e93 'the memorizer; the (safe) keeper'; 1315-1390) and as \"Hafiz\", was a Persian poet who \"lauded the joys of love and wine but also targeted religious hypocrisy\". His collected works are regarded as a pinnacle of Persian literature and are often found in the homes of people in the Persian-speaking world, who learn his poems by heart and still use them as proverbs and sayings. His life and poems have become the subjects of much analysis, commentary and interpretation, influencing post-14th century Persian writing more than any other author.Hafez is best known for his poems that can be described as \"antinomian\" and with the medieval use of the term \"theosophical\"; the term \"theosophy\" in the 13th and 14th centuries was used to indicate mystical work by \"authors only inspired by the holy books\" (as distinguished from theology). Hafez primarily wrote in the literary genre of lyric poetry, or ghazals, that is the ideal style for expressing the ecstasy of divine inspiration in the mystical form of love poems. He was a Sufi.Themes of his ghazals include the beloved, faith, and exposing hypocrisy. In his ghazals he deals with love, wine and taverns, all presenting ecstasy and freedom from restraint, whether in actual worldly release or in the voice of the lover speaking of divine love.\nHis influence on Persian speakers appears in divination by his poems (f\u0101l-e h\u0101fez, Persian: \u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u200e, somewhat similar to the Roman tradition of sortes vergilianae) and in the frequent use of his poems in Persian traditional music, visual art, and Persian calligraphy. His tomb is visited often. Adaptations, imitations and translations of his poems exist in all major languages.\n\n", "Q1247168": "Roots is an American television miniseries based on Alex Haley's 1976 novel Roots: The Saga of an American Family. The series first aired on ABC in January 1977. Roots received 37 Primetime Emmy Award nominations and won nine. It also won a Golden Globe and a Peabody Award. It received unprecedented Nielsen ratings for the finale, which still holds a record as the third-highest-rated episode for any type of television series, and the second-most watched overall series finale in U.S. television history. It was produced on a budget of $6.6 million.A sequel, Roots: The Next Generations, first aired in 1979, and a second sequel, Roots: The Gift, a Christmas TV movie, starring Burton and Louis Gossett Jr., first aired in 1988. A related film, Alex Haley's Queen, is based on the life of Queen Jackson Haley, who was Alex Haley's paternal grandmother.\nIn 2016, a remake of the original miniseries, with the same name, was commissioned by the History channel and screened by the channel on Memorial Day.", "Q286525": "Priscilla Maria Veronica White OBE (27 May 1943 \u2013 1 August 2015), better known as Cilla Black, was an English singer, television presenter, actress, and author.\nChampioned by her friends, the Beatles, Black began her career as a singer in 1963. Her singles \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" and \"You're My World\" both reached number one in the UK in 1964. She had 11 top 10 hits on the UK Singles Chart between then and 1971, and an additional eight hits that made the top 40. In May 2010, new research published by BBC Radio 2 showed that her version of \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" was the UK's biggest-selling single by a female artist in the 1960s. \"You're My World\" was also a modest hit in the U.S., peaking at No. 26 on the Billboard Hot 100.\nAlong with a successful recording career in the 1960s and early 1970s, Black hosted her own BBC variety show, Cilla (1968\u20131976). After a brief time as a comedy actress in 1975 with the self-titled Cilla's Comedy Six, she became a prominent television presenter in the 1980s and 1990s, hosting hit entertainment shows such as Blind Date (1985\u20132003), The Moment of Truth (1998\u20132001), and Surprise Surprise (1984\u20132001). In 2013, Black celebrated 50 years in show business. ITV honoured this milestone with a one-off entertainment special which aired on 16 October 2013, The One & Only Cilla Black, featuring Black herself and hosted by Paul O'Grady.Black died on 1 August 2015 at the age of 72, after a fall in her villa in Estepona. The day after her funeral, the compilation album The Very Best of Cilla Black went to number one on the UK Albums Chart and the New Zealand Albums Chart; it was her first number one album. In 2017, a statue of Black commissioned by her sons was unveiled outside the Cavern Club's original entrance.", "Q310553": "Malcolm David Kelley (born May 12, 1992), sometimes credited as just Malcolm Kelley, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and actor best known for portraying the character Walt Lloyd on the ABC series Lost and as one half of the pop duo MKTO.", "Q448211": "Solarbabies (also known as Solarwarriors and Solarfighters) is a 1986 American science fiction film, made by Brooksfilms and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was directed by Alan Johnson.The film was the second and final film directed by Alan Johnson, who is better known for his work as a choreographer.\n\n", "Q86573": "August von Parseval (5 February 1861, in Frankenthal (Pfalz) \u2013 22 February 1942, in Berlin) was a German airship designer.\nAs a boy, Von Parseval attended the Royal Bavarian Pagenkorps in Munich from 1873 to 1878, where he took the F\u00e4hnrichexamen (cadet exams). He then joined the Royal Bavarian 3rd Infantry Regiment Prinz Carl von Bayern. An autodidact, he busied himself with the problems of aeronautics. In the garrison town of Augsburg he came into contact with August Riedinger and also came to know his later partner Rudolf Hans Bartsch von Sigsfeld, with whom he developed Drachenballons: balloons used by the military for observation.\nIn 1901 Parseval and Sigsfeld began building a dirigible airship. After Sigsfeld's death during a free balloon landing in 1902, the work was interrupted until 1905.\nBy 1905, thanks to improvements in motor design, an appropriate engine was now available. His designs were licensed to the British Vickers company.\nUp to the end of the First World War, 22 Parseval airships (both non-rigid (blimps) and semi-rigid (with keels)) were built. In the late twenties and early thirties, four more semi-rigid airships were built in accordance with the \"Parseval-Naatz principle\".\nParseval is sometimes written Parzeval or Parceval, particularly in historical documents.\nThe flights of each 'Parseval', like those of the Zeppelins, excited great interest. In Kiel, a tavern closed in 2002 which had been named Zum Parseval upon the first visit of one of these airships in 1912.\n\n", "Q242201": "Ronda Jean Rousey (; born February 1, 1987) is an American professional wrestler, actress, author, and former mixed martial artist and judoka who is signed to WWE as a wrestler since 2018. Her longstanding nickname, \"Rowdy\", was inherited from late professional wrestler Roddy Piper.After becoming the first American woman to earn an Olympic medal in judo by winning bronze at the 2008 Summer Olympics, Rousey began pursuing a career in mixed martial arts (MMA). She won her MMA debut for King of the Cage before going to Strikeforce, where she became the last-ever Strikeforce Women's Bantamweight Champion before the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) bought Strikeforce in 2011. She was their inaugural female champion when she was named UFC Women's Bantamweight Champion. Rousey took part in the first women's fight in UFC history when she successfully defended her title against Liz Carmouche at UFC 157. After setting the record for most UFC title defenses by a woman (6), Rousey had her first professional loss in MMA when she lost her title to Holly Holm. In 2018, she became the first female fighter to be inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame.In 2018, Rousey began a career in professional wrestling, signing a contract with WWE. She debuted at WrestleMania 34, and later won the Raw Women's Championship, her first WWE and professional wrestling title, at SummerSlam. She then headlined the inaugural WWE all-women's pay-per-view event when she successfully defended her title against Nikki Bella at WWE Evolution. Rousey had her first WWE loss when she lost her title in the first-ever women's WrestleMania main-event to Becky Lynch in a triple threat match at WrestleMania 35; this left her reign as Raw Women's Champion as the second-longest in the title's history at 231 days.\nShe has also enjoyed success as an actress and author, appearing in the films The Expendables 3 (2014), Furious 7 (2015), and Mile 22 (2018), and releasing her autobiography My Fight / Your Fight in 2015.Rousey is the only woman to win a championship in both the UFC and WWE, as well as the only woman to headline a pay-per-view event in both companies. Rousey was voted the best female athlete of all-time in a 2015 ESPN fan poll, and Fox Sports described her as \"one of the defining athletes of the 21st century.\"\n\n", "Q348738": "Brandon Timothy Jackson (born March 7, 1984) is an American stand-up comedian, rapper, actor, and writer. He is known for his roles in the films Roll Bounce (2005), Tropic Thunder (2008), Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (2010), Lottery Ticket (2010), Big Mommas: Like Father, Like Son (2011), and Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters (2013).", "Q90311": "Johannes Schaaf (7 April 1933 \u2013 1 November 2019) was a German film, theatre and opera director and actor. Several of his films have been internationally recognized. His focus shifted to opera in the 1980s and he worked with many of the leading international opera houses within Europe, and was invited to direct at several renowned opera houses in the United States and Asia.", "Q966565": "Woodward Maurice \"Tex\" Ritter (January 12, 1905 \u2013 January 2, 1974) was an American country music singer and actor popular from the mid 1930s into the 1960s, and the patriarch of the Ritter acting family (son John, grandsons Jason and Tyler, and granddaughter Carly). He is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame.", "Q441553": "David Julian Levi (born November 13, 1994) is an American teen actor and keyboard player. He is best known for the role as himself on The Naked Brothers Band. Both in the show and in real life, David Levi has known Nat Wolff and his family since they were in preschool.", "Q65830": "Kradolf-Sch\u00f6nenberg is a municipality in Weinfelden District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.\nThe municipality was created in 1996 by a merger of Buhwil, Kradolf, Neukirch an der Thur and Sch\u00f6nenberg an der Thur.", "Q215359": "Dean Martin (born Dino Paul Crocetti; June 7, 1917 \u2013 December 25, 1995) was an American actor, singer and comedian. One of the most popular and enduring American entertainers of the mid-20th century, Martin was nicknamed \"The King of Cool\" for his seemingly effortless charisma and self-assurance.Martin gained his career breakthrough together with fellow comedian Jerry Lewis, billed as Martin & Lewis, in 1946. They performed in nightclubs and later had numerous appearances on radio, television and in films. Following an acrimonious ending of the partnership in 1956, Martin pursued a solo career as a performer and actor. \nMartin established himself as a notable singer, recording numerous contemporary songs as well as standards from the Great American Songbook. He became one of the most popular acts in Las Vegas and was known for his friendship with fellow artists Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jr., who together formed the Rat Pack.\nStarting in 1964, Martin was the host of the television variety program The Dean Martin Show, which centred on Martin's singing talents and was characterized by his relaxed, easy-going demeanour. From 1974 to 1984 he was roastmaster on the popular Dean Martin Celebrity Roast, which drew notable celebrities, comedians and politicians.\nThroughout his career, Martin performed in concert stages, nightclubs, audio recordings and appeared in 85 film and television productions. His relaxed, warbling, crooning voice earned him dozens of hit singles, including his signature songs \"Memories Are Made of This\", \"That's Amore\", \"Everybody Loves Somebody\", \"You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You\", \"Sway\", \"Ain't That a Kick in the Head?\" and \"Volare\".", "Q781917": "Mercenary are an extreme metal band from Denmark, that was formed in 1991. The band incorporates a lot of power and progressive elements in their songwriting.", "Q110299": "Ansgar (8 September 801 \u2013 3 February 865), also known as Anskar, Saint Ansgar, Saint Anschar or Oscar, was Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen in the northern part of the Kingdom of the East Franks. Ansgar became known as the \"Apostle of the North\" because of his travels and the See of Hamburg received the missionary mandate to bring Christianity to Northern Europe.", "Q12306": "Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 \u2013 March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States (1850\u20131853), the last to be a member of the Whig Party while in the White House. A former U.S. representative from New York, Fillmore was elected the nation's 12th vice president in 1848, and succeeded to the presidency in July 1850 upon the death of President Zachary Taylor. He was instrumental in the passing of the Compromise of 1850, a bargain that led to a brief truce in the battle over slavery. He failed to win the Whig nomination for president in 1852, but he gained the endorsement of the nativist Know Nothing Party four years later, finishing third in the 1856 presidential election.\nFillmore was born into poverty in the Finger Lakes area of New York state\u2014his parents were tenant farmers during his formative years. Though he had little formal schooling, he rose from poverty through diligent study and became a successful attorney. He became prominent in the Buffalo area as an attorney and politician, and was elected to the New York Assembly in 1828, and to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1832. Initially, he belonged to the Anti-Masonic Party, but became a Whig as the party formed in the mid-1830s; he was a rival for state party leadership with editor Thurlow Weed and Weed's prot\u00e9g\u00e9, William H. Seward. Throughout his career, Fillmore declared slavery an evil, but one beyond the powers of the federal government, whereas Seward was not only openly hostile to slavery, he argued that the federal government had a role to play in ending it. Fillmore was an unsuccessful candidate for Speaker of the House when the Whigs took control of the chamber in 1841 but was made Ways and Means Committee chairman. Defeated in bids for the Whig nomination for vice president in 1844, and for New York governor the same year, Fillmore was elected Comptroller of New York in 1847, the first to hold that post by direct election.\nAs vice president, Fillmore was largely ignored by Taylor, even in the dispensing of patronage in New York, on which Taylor consulted Weed and Seward. In his capacity as President of the Senate, however, he presided over angry debates there as Congress decided whether to allow slavery in the Mexican Cession. Fillmore supported Henry Clay's Omnibus Bill (the basis of the 1850 Compromise) though Taylor did not. Upon becoming president in July 1850, Fillmore dismissed Taylor's cabinet and pushed Congress to pass the Compromise. The Fugitive Slave Act, expediting the return of escaped slaves to those who claimed ownership, was a controversial part of the Compromise. Fillmore felt himself duty-bound to enforce it, though it damaged his popularity and also the Whig Party, which was torn North from South. In foreign policy Fillmore supported U.S. Navy expeditions to open trade in Japan, opposed French designs on Hawaii, and was embarrassed by Narciso L\u00f3pez's filibuster expeditions to Cuba. He sought election to a full term in 1852 but was passed over by the Whigs in favor of Winfield Scott.\nAs the Whig Party broke up after Fillmore's presidency, many in Fillmore's conservative wing joined the Know Nothings, forming the American Party. In his 1856 candidacy as that party's nominee Fillmore had little to say about immigration, focusing instead on the preservation of the Union, and won only Maryland. Fillmore was active in many civic endeavors\u2014he helped in founding the University of Buffalo and served as its first chancellor. During the American Civil War, Fillmore denounced secession and agreed that the Union must be maintained by force if necessary, but was critical of the war policies of Abraham Lincoln. After peace was restored, he supported the Reconstruction policies of President Andrew Johnson. Though he is largely obscure today, Fillmore has been praised by some for his foreign policy, and criticized by others for his enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act and his association with the Know Nothings.", "Q6957268": "Nacional Records is an independent record label based in Los Angeles, California. It is home to such leading acts as global star Manu Chao, Grammy-nominated Mexican electronica group Nortec Collective, Colombian music icons Aterciopelados, Argentine rock pioneers Los Fabulosos Cadillacs, American new wave band Tom Tom Club, French-Chilean hip-hop artist Ana Tijoux and others.", "Q116830": "Johann Jakob Stehlin (20 January 1803 \u2013 18 December 1879) was a Swiss politician of the Free Democratic Party.\nBorn in Basel, Stehlin was mayor of that city from 1858 to 1868. He also represented the canton Basel-City in the National Council, which he presided over in 1858/59 and 1867/68, and in the Council of States.\nOn 11 July 1855, Stehlin was elected to the Swiss Federal Council to succeed the deceased Josef Munzinger. The next day, he declined the election, becoming the first of five Councillor-elects (as of 2020) to do so. Josef Martin Kn\u00fcsel was elected in his place on 14 July.\nTwo of Stehlin's sons also acquired renown: Karl Rudolf Stehlin, also a member of the Council of States, and Johann Jakob Stehlin junior, a noted architect.\n\n", "Q1776156": "Girls with guns is a subgenre of action films and animation\u2014often Asian films and anime\u2014that portray a female protagonist who makes use of firearms to defend against or attack a group of antagonists. The genre typically involves gun-play, stunts and martial arts action.", "Q316644": "Taylor Reuben Hicks (born October 7, 1976) is an American singer who won the fifth season of American Idol. Hicks got his start as a professional musician in his late teens and performed around the Southeastern United States for well over the span of a decade, during which he also released two independent albums. Upon winning Idol, he was signed to Arista Records, under which his self-titled major label debut was released on December 12, 2006.\nHis energetic stage performances and influences derived from classic rock, blues, and R&B music had earned him a following of devout fans dubbed the \"Soul Patrol\". Hicks performed on Broadway in 2008 and on national tour in 2009 in Grease playing Teen Angel, the role originated by Alan Paul. He is the first Idol winner to secure a long-term residency at a Las Vegas casino. He began his residency at Bally's Las Vegas in June 2012 and moved to a larger venue, Paris Las Vegas, in January 2013. In 2016, Hicks began hosting the INSP original series State Plate and released a new single, Six Strings and Diamond Rings, in 2017.", "Q254305": "John Robert Gregg (17 June 1867 \u2013 23 February 1948) was an educator, publisher, humanitarian, and the inventor of the eponymous shorthand system Gregg Shorthand.\n\n", "Q15469": "William John Hamilton, (5 July 1805 \u2013 27 June 1867) was an English geologist born in Wishaw, Lanarkshire.", "Q1605812": "Henri Dikongu\u00e9 (born 1967) is a Cameroonian singer and guitarist.Dikongu\u00e9 was born in Douala to a family of musicians. He attended a music school in Paris, where he attempted unsuccessfully to release a first album. He started a music and acting troupe and worked with actor Martin Yog and musicians Alfred M'Bongo and Manuel Wandji, as well as Maranatha, a South African chorus.\nAfter finally choosing to settle in Paris in 1989, he perfected his skills with classical guitar and collaborated with African musicians such as Manu Dibango and Papa Wemba. In 1995 he released his first album, Wa. His music mixes elements from makossa, bikutsi, reggae and rumba. He sings in his native tongue, Duala.\nHis second album, C'est la vie, was released in 1997 (in the US under the Tinder Records label) and sold about 10,000 copies. Between 1997 and 1998, he toured Germany and the United States.\nHis third album, N'oublie jamais, was released in 2000. This album incorporated more musical styles such as reggae and flamenco, but the album wasn't as successful as his previous works.\n\n", "Q4695361": "Datuk Ahmad bin Ismail (born 1955), is a Malaysian politician and a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), serving as the chief of UMNO's Bukit Bendera (Penang Hill) division in the state of Penang.Ahmad Ismail is known for controversial actions and remarks made in the fields of politics, business and sports, including the latest controversy in which he uttered incendiary remarks about the Chinese community during and after the Permatang Pauh by-election in August 2008, leading to his suspension by UMNO in September 2008.", "Q111187": "Thomas Nord (born 19 October 1957 in Berlin) is a German politician (DIE LINKE) and Member of the German Federal Parliament.\nFrom 2005 to 2012 he was Chairman of DIE LINKE in Brandenburg (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus PDS prior to 2007). Nord has been a Member of the Federal German Parliament since 2009, a member of the party Executive since 2012 and Federal Treasurer since May 2014. Nord was an Informant of the Stasi.", "Q96006": "Erich Loest (German pronunciation: [\u02c8e\u02d0\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8l\u00f8\u02d0st]; 24 February 1926 \u2013 12 September 2013) was a German writer born in Mittweida, Saxony. He also wrote under the pseudonyms Hans Walldorf, Bernd Diksen and Waldemar Na\u00df.", "Q245208": "High Noon is a 1952 American Western film produced by Stanley Kramer from a screenplay by Carl Foreman, directed by Fred Zinnemann, and starring Gary Cooper. The plot, depicted in real time, centers on a town marshal who is torn between his sense of duty and his love for his new bride and who must face a gang of killers alone.\nThough mired in controversy with political overtones at the time of its release, the film was nominated for seven Academy Awards and won four (Actor, Editing, Music-Score, and Music-Song) as well as four Golden Globe Awards (Actor, Supporting Actress, Score, and Cinematography-Black and White). The award-winning score was written by Russian-born composer Dimitri Tiomkin.\nHigh Noon was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" in 1989, the NFR's first year of existence. An iconic film whose story has been partly or completely repeated in later film productions, its ending scenes especially inspired a next-to-endless number of later films, including but not just limited to westerns.", "Q6526": "Bolzano (Italian: [bol\u02c8tsa\u02d0no] (listen) or [bol\u02c8dza\u02d0no]; German: Bozen (formerly Botzen), pronounced [\u02c8bo\u02d0tsn\u0329]; Austro-Bavarian: Bozn; Ladin: Balsan or Bulsan) is the capital city of the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy. With a population of 107,436, Bolzano is also by far the largest city in South Tyrol and the third largest in Tyrol. The greater metro area has about 250,000 inhabitants and is one of the urban centers within the Alps.Bolzano is the seat of the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, where lectures and seminars are held in English, German, and Italian. The city is also home to the Italian Army's Alpini High Command (COMALP) and some of its combat and support units.In the 2014 version of the annual ranking of quality of life in Italian cities, Bolzano was ranked as the best.Along with other Alpine towns in South Tyrol, Bolzano engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention. The Convention aims to promote and achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Consequently, Bolzano was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2009.\nBolzano is considered a bridge between North and South due to the three spoken languages in South Tyrol (Italian, German, and Ladin) and the confluence of Italian and German-Austrian culture.", "Q647830": "Paul H\u00f6rbiger (29 April 1894 \u2013 5 March 1981) was an Austrian theatre and film actor.", "Q327499": "Hugo Justin Race (born 1963) is an Australian rock musician and record producer who had been based in Europe from 1989 to 2011. He was a member of Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds (1983\u201385), and The Wreckery (1984\u201389) with Nick Barker and Robin Casinader. As from October 2013 he was simultaneously a member of Hugo Race and the True Spirit, Hugo Race Fatalists, and Dirtmusic. True Spirit have released 12 albums. Race returned to live in Australia in 2011.", "Q99335": "Karl Trabalski (born 16 May 1923 in Leipzig, died 5 December 2009 in D\u00fcsseldorf) was a German politician and former Member of Parliament (SPD). His father was Stanislaw Trabalski, the last SPD mayor of Leipzig in 1946. He is a grandson of Franciszek Tr\u0105balski and Richard Lipinski.", "Q443422": "Julie Covington (born 11 September 1946, London) is an English singer and actress, best known for recording the original version of \"Don't Cry for Me Argentina\".", "Q67941": "Hubert Jedin (17 June 1900, Gro\u00df Briesen, Friedewalde, Silesia \u2013 16 July 1980, Bonn) was a Catholic Church historian from Germany, whose publications specialized on the history of ecumenical councils in general and the Council of Trent in particular, on which he published a 2400-page history over the years 1951-1975.", "Q164518": "Sirikit (Thai: \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e4c; Thai pronunciation: [s\u00ec.r\u00ec.k\u00ect]; listen ; born Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kitiyakara (Thai: \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e4c \u0e01\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e22\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23; RTGS: Sirikit Kitiyakon) on 12 August 1932) is the Queen mother of Thailand. She was the queen consort of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (or Rama IX) and is the mother of King Vajiralongkorn (or Rama X). She met Bhumibol in Paris, where her father was Thai ambassador. They married in 1950, shortly before Bhumibol's coronation. Sirikit was appointed queen regent in 1956, when the king entered the Buddhist monkhood for a period of time. Sirikit has one son and three daughters with the king. Consort of the monarch who was the world's longest-reigning head of state, she was also the world's longest-serving consort. Sirikit suffered a stroke on 21 July 2012 and has since refrained from public appearances.", "Q57882": "Luc-Adolphe Tiao (born 4 June 1954) is a Burkinab\u00e9 politician and journalist who was Prime Minister of Burkina Faso from 2011 to 2014.", "Q816096": "Belmont is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. It is a western suburb of Boston, Massachusetts, United States; and is part of the greater Boston metropolitan area. Its population was 26,123 as of November 25, 2019.", "Q1418151": "Lloyd Brevett OD (1 August 1931 \u2013 3 May 2012) was a Jamaican double bassist, songwriter, and a founding member of The Skatalites. He was a Rastafarian, and the uncle of The Melodians member, Tony Brevett.", "Q210547": "Aubrey Christina Plaza (born June 26, 1984) is an American actress, comedian and producer. She began her career performing improv and sketch comedy at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater. She received further recognition for her starring role as April Ludgate on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation (2009\u20132015). From 2017 to 2019, Plaza starred as Amahl Farouk / Shadow King and Lenny Busker in the FX drama series Legion.\nAfter several supporting roles in various films, Plaza had her first leading role as Darius Britt in the comedy Safety Not Guaranteed (2012). She also starred in the films Mystery Team (2008), Funny People (2009), Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010), Monsters University (2013), Life After Beth (2014), Dirty Grandpa (2016), Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates (2016), The Little Hours (2017), Ingrid Goes West (2017), An Evening with Beverly Luff Linn (2018) and Child's Play (2019).", "Q240370": "Robert Riskin (March 30, 1897 \u2013 September 20, 1955) was an American Academy Award-winning screenwriter and playwright, best known for his collaborations with director-producer Frank Capra.", "Q759": "New Hampshire () is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by area and the 10th least populous U.S. state.\nConcord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city. New Hampshire has no general sales tax, nor income tax other than on interest and dividends. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Its license plates carry the state motto, \"Live Free or Die\". The state's nickname, \"The Granite State\", refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries.In January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish a government independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain's authority, and it was the first to establish its own state constitution. Six months later, it became one of the original 13 colonies that signed the United States Declaration of Independence, and in June 1788 it was the ninth state to ratify the United States Constitution, bringing that document into effect.\nHistorically, New Hampshire was a major center for textile manufacturing, shoemaking, and papermaking, with Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in Manchester at one time being the largest cotton textile plant in the world. Numerous mills were located along various rivers in the state, especially the Merrimack and Connecticut rivers. Many French Canadians migrated to New Hampshire to work the mills in the late 19th and early 20th century; New Hampshire still ranks second among states by percentage of people claiming French American ancestry, with 24.5% of the state identifying as such.\nManufacturing centers such as Manchester, Nashua, and Berlin were hit hard in the 1930s\u20131940s, as major manufacturing industries left New England and moved to the southern United States or overseas, reflecting nationwide trends. In the 1950s and 1960s, defense contractors moved into many of the former mills, such as Sanders Associates in Nashua, and the population of southern New Hampshire surged beginning in the 1980s as major highways connected the region to Greater Boston and established several bedroom communities in the state.\nWith some of the highest ski mountains on the East Coast, New Hampshire's major recreational attractions include skiing, snowmobiling, and other winter sports, hiking and mountaineering (Mount Monadnock in the state's southwestern corner is among the most climbed mountains in the U.S.), observing the fall foliage, summer cottages along many lakes and the seacoast, motor sports at the New Hampshire Motor Speedway, and Motorcycle Week, a popular motorcycle rally held in Weirs Beach in Laconia in June. The White Mountain National Forest links the Vermont and Maine portions of the Appalachian Trail, and has the Mount Washington Auto Road, where visitors may drive to the top of 6,288-foot (1,917 m) Mount Washington.\nAmong prominent individuals from New Hampshire are founding father Nicholas Gilman, Senator Daniel Webster, Revolutionary War hero John Stark, editor Horace Greeley, founder of the Christian Science religion Mary Baker Eddy, poet Robert Frost, astronaut Alan Shepard, rock musician Ronnie James Dio, author Dan Brown, actor Adam Sandler, inventor Dean Kamen, comedians Sarah Silverman and Seth Meyers, restaurateurs Richard and Maurice McDonald, and President of the United States Franklin Pierce.", "Q285992": "\u00c9mile Henriot (French: [emil \u0251\u0303\u0281jo]; 3 March 1889 \u2013 14 April 1961) was a French poet, novelist, essayist and literary critic.", "Q294647": "Mads Dittmann Mikkelsen, (Danish: [\u02c8m\u00e6s \u02c8mikl\u0329sn\u0329] (listen); born 22 November 1965) is a Danish actor. Originally a gymnast and dancer, he began acting in 1996. He rose to fame in Denmark as Tonny the drug dealer in the first two films of the Pusher film trilogy, and in his role as the brash yet sensitive policeman, Allan Fischer, in Peter Thorsboe's Danish television series Rejseholdet (Unit One).\nMikkelsen became more widely known for his role as Tristan in Jerry Bruckheimer's production King Arthur, but achieved worldwide recognition for playing the main antagonist Le Chiffre in the twenty-first James Bond film, Casino Royale. He has since become known for his roles as Igor Stravinsky in Jan Kounen's French film Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky and his Cannes Film Festival Best Actor Award-winning role as Lucas in the 2012 Danish film The Hunt. In 2012, he was voted the Danish American Society's Person of the Year. He starred in the television series Hannibal as Dr. Hannibal Lecter. In 2016, Mikkelsen portrayed Kaecilius in Marvel's film Doctor Strange and Galen Erso in Lucasfilm's Rogue One: A Star Wars Story. In 2018, he starred in Joe Penna's survival drama Arctic. In 2019, he portrayed Cliff Unger in Hideo Kojima's video game Death Stranding, for which he won the 2019 Game Award for Best Performance.A. O. Scott of The New York Times remarked that in the Hollywood scene, Mikkelsen has \"become a reliable character actor with an intriguing mug\" but stated that on the domestic front \"he is something else: a star, an axiom, a face of the resurgent Danish cinema\".", "Q2360093": "Shunichiro Okano (\u5ca1\u91ce \u4fca\u4e00\u90ce, Okano Shunichiro, 28 August 1931 \u2013 2 February 2017) was a Japanese football player and manager. He played for Japan national team. He also managed Japan national team.", "Q354477": "Prince Philippe of Orl\u00e9ans, Count of Paris (Louis Philippe Albert; 24 August 1838 \u2013 8 September 1894), was the grandson of Louis Philippe I, King of the French. He was the Count of Paris as Orl\u00e9anist claimant to the French throne from 1848 until his death.", "Q529837": "Jaime Chicharro S\u00e1nchez-Gui\u00f3 (1889\u20131934) was a Spanish Conservative and Carlist politician. He is known mostly as the moving spirit behind turning a fishing bay in Burriana into a modern port, facilitating export of oranges grown in the area. As a politician he is recognized as representative of large proprietors within the Carlist movement.\n\n", "Q2998": "Amy Johnson (born 1 July 1903; disappeared presumed dead 5 January 1941) was a pioneering English pilot who was the first woman to fly solo from London to Australia.\nFlying solo or with her husband, Jim Mollison, she set many long-distance records during the 1930s. She flew in the Second World War as a part of the Air Transport Auxiliary and died during a ferry flight.", "Q323827": "Doctor Zhivago (Italian: Il dottor \u017divago) is a 1965 epic romantic drama film directed by David Lean with a screenplay by Robert Bolt. It is set in Russia between the years prior to World War I and the Russian Civil War of 1918\u20131922, and is based on the 1957 Boris Pasternak novel Doctor Zhivago. While immensely popular in the West, the book was banned in the Soviet Union for decades. For this reason, the film could not be made in the Soviet Union and was instead filmed mostly in Spain.\nThe film stars Omar Sharif in the title role as Yuri Zhivago, a married physician whose life is irreversibly altered by the Russian Revolution and subsequent Civil War, and Julie Christie as his married love interest Lara Antipova. The supporting cast includes Geraldine Chaplin, Rod Steiger, Alec Guinness, Tom Courtenay, Ralph Richardson, Siobh\u00e1n McKenna and Rita Tushingham.\nContemporary critics were generally disappointed, complaining of its length at over three hours and claiming that it trivialized history, but acknowledging the intensity of the love story and the film's treatment of human themes. Over time, however, the film's reputation has improved greatly. At the 38th Academy Awards, Doctor Zhivago won five Oscars: Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Original Score, Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design; it was nominated for five others (including Best Picture and Best Director), but lost four of these five to The Sound of Music. It also won five awards at the 23rd Golden Globe Awards including Best Motion Picture - Drama and Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama for Sharif.\nAs of 2016, it is the eighth highest-grossing film of all time in the United States and Canada, adjusted for ticket-price inflation. In addition, it is also one of the top ten highest-grossing films worldwide after adjusting for inflation. In 1998, it was ranked by the American Film Institute 39th on their 100 Years... 100 Movies list, and by the British Film Institute the following year as the 27th greatest British film of all time.", "Q737469": "George Padmore (28 June 1903 \u2013 23 September 1959), born Malcolm Ivan Meredith Nurse in Trinidad, was a leading Pan-Africanist, journalist, and author. He left Trinidad in 1924 to study medicine in the United States, where he also joined the Communist Party. \nFrom there he moved to the Soviet Union, where he was active in the party, and working on African independence movements. He also worked for the party in Germany but left after the rise of Nazism in the 1930s. In 1935, the USSR made a decisive shift in foreign policy: Britain and France, colonial powers with active occupations in Africa, were classified as \"democratic-imperialisms\" \u2014 a lower priority than the category of \"fascist-imperialist\" powers, in which Japan and Germany fell. This shift fell into direct contradiction with Padmore's prioritization of African liberation, as Germany and Japan had no colonies in Africa. Padmore broke instantly with the Kremlin, but continued to support socialism. Padmore lived for a time in France, before settling in London. Toward the end of his life he moved to Accra, Ghana, where he helped shape the politics of Kwame Nkrumah and the Convention People's Party.", "Q10505": "Damon Graham Devereux Hill, (born 17 September 1960) is a British former racing driver. He is the son of Graham Hill, and, along with Nico Rosberg, one of only two sons of a Formula One world champion to also win the title. He started racing on motorbikes in 1981, and after minor success moved on to single-seater racing cars. Despite progressing steadily up the ranks to the International Formula 3000 championship by 1989, and often being competitive, he never won a race at that level.Hill became a test driver for the Formula One title-winning Williams team in 1992. He was promoted to the Williams race team the following year after Riccardo Patrese's departure and took the first of his 22 victories at the 1993 Hungarian Grand Prix. During the mid-1990s, Hill was Michael Schumacher's main rival for the Formula One Drivers' Championship, which saw the two clash several times on and off the track. Their collision at the 1994 Australian Grand Prix gave Schumacher his first title by a single point. Hill became champion in 1996 with eight wins, but was dropped by Williams for the following season. He went on to drive for the less competitive Arrows and Jordan teams, and in 1998 gave Jordan their first win.Hill retired from racing after the 1999 season. He has since launched several businesses and has made appearances playing the guitar with celebrity bands. In 2006, he became president of the British Racing Drivers' Club, succeeding Jackie Stewart. Hill stepped down from the position in 2011 and was succeeded by Derek Warwick. He presided over the securing of a 17-year contract for Silverstone to hold Formula One races, which enabled the circuit to see extensive renovation work. Hill currently works as part of the Sky Sports F1 broadcasting team.", "Q163263": "Eva Jacqueline Bast\u00f3n (n\u00e9e Longoria; born March 15, 1975) is an American actress, producer, director, activist, and businesswoman. After a number of guest roles on several television series, Longoria was recognized for her portrayal of Isabella Bra\u00f1a on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless, on which she starred from 2001 to 2003. She is most known for her role as Gabrielle Solis on the television series Desperate Housewives, which ran from 2004 to 2012 and for which she received Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. She has also appeared in The Sentinel (2006), Over Her Dead Body (2008), For Greater Glory (2012), Frontera (2014), Lowriders (2016), and Overboard (2018). From 2015 to 2016, Longoria starred as Ana Sofia Calder\u00f3n on the short-lived NBC sitcom Telenovela, and served as an executive producer for the Lifetime television series Devious Maids. She has also served as an executive producer of social issue documentaries, including Food Chains and The Harvest.\nLongoria has appeared in several advertising campaigns. She has been named one of Hollywood's most beautiful women by several publications, including People en Espa\u00f1ol and People magazines. She currently holds modeling contracts with L'Or\u00e9al and New York & Co, among others.", "Q246715": "Paul Adrien Bourdaloue (4 January 1798, Bourges - 21 June 1868, Bourges) was a French civil engineer and topographer, who proposed the first orthometric levelling of France.", "Q443436": "Ewa Demarczyk (born 16 January 1941) is a former Polish singer. She is generally associated with the sung poetry music genre and the Piwnica pod Baranami cabaret.\nDemarczyk is recognized as one of the most talented and charismatic singers in the history of Polish music. She is praised for her unique interpretations, expression, and unusual stage personality. In the 1960s, she drew comparisons with \u00c9dith Piaf. In Poland, Ewa would be often referred to as \"the Dark Angel\".", "Q1161665": "Daniel Manning (May 16, 1831 \u2013 December 24, 1887) was an American businessman, journalist, and politician most notable for having served as the 37th United States Secretary of the Treasury.", "Q187697": "Fran\u00e7ois Duvalier (French pronunciation: \u200b[f\u0281\u0251\u0303swa dyvalje]; 14 April 1907 \u2013 21 April 1971), also known as Papa Doc, was the President of Haiti from 1957 to 1971. He was elected president in 1957 on a populist and black nationalist platform. After thwarting a military coup d'\u00e9tat in 1958, his regime rapidly became totalitarian and despotic. An undercover government death squad, the Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout), indiscriminately killed Duvalier's opponents; the Tonton Macoute was thought to be so pervasive that Haitians became highly fearful of expressing any form of dissent, even in private. Duvalier further sought to solidify his rule by incorporating elements of Haitian mythology into a personality cult.\nPrior to his rule, Duvalier was a physician by profession. His profession and expertise in the field acquired him the nickname \"Papa Doc\". He was unanimously \"re-elected\" in a 1961 election in which he was the only candidate. Afterwards, he consolidated his power step by step, culminating in 1964 when he declared himself President for Life after another faulty election, remaining in power until he died in April 1971. He was succeeded by his son, Jean\u2011Claude, who was nicknamed \"Baby Doc\".", "Q2754": "Jaroslav Ha\u0161ek (Czech: [\u02c8jaroslaf \u02c8\u0266a\u0283\u025bk]; 30 April 1883 \u2013 3 January 1923) was a Czech writer, humorist, satirist, journalist, bohemian and anarchist. He is best known for his novel The Fate of the Good Soldier \u0160vejk during the World War, an unfinished collection of farcical incidents about a soldier in World War I and a satire on the ineptitude of authority figures. The novel has been translated into about 60 languages, making it the most translated novel in Czech literature.", "Q92274": "Petra Kammerevert (born 1 June 1966) is a German politician who has been serving as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2009. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, part of the Party of European Socialists.", "Q57896": "Horst Sindermann (German pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u0254\u0281st \u02c8z\u026and\u0250man]; 5 September 1915 \u2013 20 April 1990) was a Communist German politician and one of the leaders of East Germany.", "Q66493": "Bernhard Ernst von B\u00fclow (2 August 1815 \u2013 20 October 1879) was a Danish and German statesman.", "Q664025": "Harry Manfredini (born August 25, 1943 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American film composer and jazz soloist, who has scored more than one hundred films, including the Friday the 13th film series, save for Jason Takes Manhattan, Freddy vs. Jason, and the reboot. He has had years of classical training, as well as twenty years in the popular music scene. In conversation with Russian journalist and composer Tony Vilgotsky, Harry Manfredini said that his musical tastes and style were influenced by such composers like Giacomo Puccini, Igor Stravinsky, Maurice Ravel and others.", "Q1392741": "Fahrudin Radon\u010di\u0107 (pronounced [r\u01cedo\u02d0nt\u0361\u0283it\u0361\u0255]; born 24 May 1957) is a Bosnian media magnate, entrepreneur, investor, and politician who is the 6th and current Minister of Security. He is the founder of the Dnevni avaz, the most influential and best-selling newspaper in Bosnia and Herzegovina and is the founder and current president of the Union for a Better Future of BiH (SBB BiH).\nRadon\u010di\u0107 already served as Minister of Security once, from 22 November 2012 until 29 April 2014. From 2015 to 2019, he was also the member of the House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "Q541553": "Dilara Hashem (Bengali: \u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u09b6\u09c7\u09ae; born 1936) is a modern Bangladeshi author and novelist.\n\n", "Q354463": "Robert Henry Abplanalp, (KHS) (April 4, 1922 \u2013 August 30, 2003) was an American inventor and engineer who invented the modern form of the aerosol spray valve, the founder of Precision Valve Corporation, a Republican political activist, and a close confidant of Richard Nixon.\n\n", "Q250177": "Anton Buttigieg, (Maltese: Anton Butti\u0121ie\u0121 [ant\u0254n but\u02d0id\u0361\u0292\u026a\u02d0t\u0361\u0283]; 19 February 1912 \u2013 5 May 1983) was a Maltese political figure and poet. He served as the second President of Malta from 1976 until 1981.", "Q69978": "Alfred W\u00fcnnenberg (20 July 1891 \u2013 30 December 1963) was a high-ranking commander in the Waffen-SS and the police of Nazi Germany. He commanded of the SS Polizei Division between December 1941 and June 1943. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. On 10 June 1943, he was moved to command the IV SS Panzer Corps, where he remained until 31 August. That same year he became chief of the Ordnungspolizei (Orpo; uniformed police).", "Q708841": "Boris Rodolfo Izaguirre Lobo (born September 29, 1965 in Maracay) is a Venezuelan-Spanish screenwriter, journalist, writer, TV host and showman.\nIzaguirre wrote the scripts of some of the Venezuelan telenovelas: Rub\u00ed and La dama de rosa. After their success in Spain, he moved to Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain.\nIn Spain, Izaguirre started to write scripts and appear on television shows. He became a prominent showman, especially after his participation in the late night television show Cr\u00f3nicas Marcianas.\nIzaguirre has written articles for several publications, including Zero, El Pa\u00eds Semanal, Fotogramas and Marie Claire. He was the host of the daily talk show Channel N\u00ba4 alongside Ana Garc\u00eda-Si\u00f1eriz on Cuatro from 2005 to 2008, when the program was cancelled. He also hosted the Miss Venezuela pageant in 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2013.\nIn February 2006, Izaguirre married his longtime boyfriend Rub\u00e9n Nogueira.He was finalist of the Premio Planeta in 2007 with his novel Villa Diamante.\nSince 2015 Izaguirre is in the panel of televios show Suelta la Sopa on Telemundo (Miami, Florida) with descriptive segments that reveal the best kept secrets of favorite soap opera stars narrated in a docudrama style.\nIn 2018, Izaguirre participated in the reality television cooking show MasterChef Celebrity.\nIn 2019, Izaguirre hosted the talent show competition series Prodigios, on La 1.", "Q442728": "Ray \"Crash\" Corrigan (February 14, 1902 \u2013 August 10, 1976), born Raymond Benard (or Raymond Benitz, according to some sources), was an American actor most famous for appearing in many B-Western movies (among these the Three Mesquiteers and Range Busters film series). He also was a stuntman and frequently acted as silver screen gorillas using his own gorilla costumes.\nIn 1937, Corrigan purchased land in the Santa Susana Mountains foothills in Simi Valley and developed it into a movie ranch called \"Corriganville\". The movie ranch was used for location filming in film serials, feature films, and television shows, as well as for the performance of live western shows for tourists. Bob Hope later bought the ranch in 1966 and renamed it \"Hopetown\". It is now a Regional Park and nature preserve.", "Q102851": "Anicius Manlius Severinus Bo\u00ebthius, commonly called Boethius (; also Boetius ; c. 477\u2013524 AD), was a Roman senator, consul, magister officiorum, and philosopher of the early 6th century. He was born about a year after Odoacer deposed the last Western Roman Emperor and declared himself King of Italy. Boethius entered public service under Ostrogothic King Theodoric the Great, who later imprisoned and executed him in 524 on charges of conspiracy to overthrow him. While jailed, Boethius composed his Consolation of Philosophy, a philosophical treatise on fortune, death, and other issues, which became one of the most popular and influential works of the Middle Ages. As the author of numerous handbooks and translator of Aristotle, he became the main intermediary between Classical antiquity and following centuries.", "Q113784": "Annemarie Selinko (1 September 1914 \u2013 28 July 1986) was an Austrian novelist who wrote a number of best-selling books in German from the 1930s through the 1950s. Although she had been based in Germany, in 1939 at the start of World War II she took refuge in Denmark with her Danish husband, but then in 1943, they again became refugees, this time to Sweden.Many of her novels have been adapted into movies and all have been translated into numerous languages. Her last work D\u00e9sir\u00e9e (1951) was about D\u00e9sir\u00e9e Clary, the one-time fianc\u00e9e of Napoleon Bonaparte and later Queen of Sweden and Norway. It is dedicated to her sister Liselotte, who was murdered by the Nazis. Translated into 25 languages, in 1954 it was turned into a major Hollywood movie starring Marlon Brando and Jean Simmons.", "Q127421": "King Kong Lives (released as King Kong 2 in some countries) is a 1986 American monster adventure film directed by John Guillermin. Produced by De Laurentiis Entertainment Group and featuring special effects by Carlo Rambaldi, the film stars Linda Hamilton and Brian Kerwin. The film is a sequel to the 1976 remake of King Kong.", "Q80670": "M\u00fchlacker is a town in the eastern part of the Enz district in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in southern Germany. M\u00fchlacker station has direct rail connections with Stuttgart, Karlsruhe, Heidelberg, Pforzheim and the Northern Black Forest.\nSince 1930, M\u00fchlacker has been transmitter site, at which between 1934 and 1945 the tallest tower ever built of wood stood (height: 190 metres).\nA further landmark is the water tower.\n\nM\u00fchlhausen an der Enz where Spree killer Ernst August Wagner killed 13 people in 1913 has been a part of the city since 1972.\nThe community of \u00d6tisheim joined onto the city so as to act as a single municipality for certain tasks.", "Q12312": "Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804 \u2013 October 8, 1869) was the 14th president of the United States (1853\u20131857), a northern Democrat who saw the abolitionist movement as a fundamental threat to the unity of the nation. He alienated anti-slavery groups by championing and signing the Kansas\u2013Nebraska Act and enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act, yet he failed to stem conflict between North and South, setting the stage for Southern secession and the American Civil War.\nPierce was born in New Hampshire, and served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate until he resigned from the Senate in 1842. His private law practice was a success, and he was appointed New Hampshire's U.S. Attorney in 1845. He took part in the Mexican\u2013American War as a brigadier general in the Army. He was seen by Democrats as a compromise candidate uniting northern and southern interests and was nominated as the party's candidate for president on the 49th ballot at the 1852 Democratic National Convention. He and running mate William R. King easily defeated the Whig Party ticket of Winfield Scott and William A. Graham in the 1852 presidential election.\nAs president, Pierce simultaneously attempted to enforce neutral standards for civil service while also satisfying the diverse elements of the Democratic Party with patronage, an effort which largely failed and turned many in his party against him. He was a Young America expansionist who signed the Gadsden Purchase of land from Mexico and led a failed attempt to acquire Cuba from Spain. He signed trade treaties with Britain and Japan, while his Cabinet reformed their departments and improved accountability, but these successes were overshadowed by political strife during his presidency. His popularity declined sharply in the Northern states after he supported the Kansas\u2013Nebraska Act, which nullified the Missouri Compromise, while many whites in the South continued to support him. Passage of the act led to violent conflict over the expansion of slavery in the American West. Pierce's administration was further damaged when several of his diplomats issued the Ostend Manifesto calling for the annexation of Cuba, a document which was roundly criticized. He fully expected to be renominated by the Democrats in the 1856 presidential election, but was abandoned by his party and his bid failed. His reputation in the North suffered further during the American Civil War as he became a vocal critic of President Abraham Lincoln.\nPierce was popular and outgoing, but his family life was a grim affair, with his wife Jane suffering from illness and depression for much of her life. All of their children died young, their last son being gruesomely killed in a train accident while the family was traveling shortly before Pierce's inauguration. He was a heavy drinker for much of his life, and he died of cirrhosis of the liver in 1869. Historians and scholars generally rank Pierce as one of the worst and least memorable U.S. Presidents.", "Q168336": "Joan Marshall (born Joan Schrepfermann; June 6, 1931 \u2013 June 28, 1992) was an American film and television actress. She is best known for her appearances in The Twilight Zone's \"Dead Man's Shoes\", and Star Trek's \"Court Martial\".", "Q3181856": "John Brendan \"Jack\" Kelly Jr. (May 24, 1927 \u2013 March 2, 1985), also known as Kell Kelly, was an American athlete, an accomplished rower, a four-time Olympian, and an Olympic medal winner. He was also the son of triple Olympic gold medal winner John B. Kelly Sr., and the elder brother of the actress and Princess of Monaco, Grace Kelly. In 1947, Kelly was awarded the James E. Sullivan Award as the top amateur athlete in the United States.\n\n", "Q880786": "John Rettie \"Jock\" McKernan Jr. (born May 20, 1948) is an American politician who served two terms as the 71st Governor of Maine, from 1987 to 1995.\nBorn in Bangor, Maine, McKernan attended Dartmouth College and then the University of Maine School of Law. A Republican, McKernan was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives before becoming governor. He also served in the state house from 1973 to 1977 and was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1976 and 1984.", "Q1175610": "David Bennett McKinley (born March 28, 1947) is an American businessman and politician who has been the U.S. Representative for West Virginia's 1st congressional district since 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party. McKinley was a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from December 15, 1980 to December 1, 1994, and he was Chair of the West Virginia Republican Party from 1990 to 1994.\n\n", "Q9601": "Zoroastrianism or Mazdayasna is one of the world's oldest continuously practiced religions. It is a multi-tendency faith centered on a dualistic cosmology of good and evil and an eschatology predicting the ultimate conquest of evil with theological elements of henotheism, monotheism/monism, and polytheism. Ascribed to the teachings of the Iranian-speaking spiritual leader Zoroaster (also known as Zarathushtra), it exalts an uncreated and benevolent deity of wisdom, Ahura Mazda (Wise Lord), as its supreme being. Major features of Zoroastrianism, such as messianism, judgment after death, heaven and hell, and free will may have influenced other religious and philosophical systems, including Second Temple Judaism, Gnosticism, Greek philosophy, Christianity, Islam, the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, and Buddhism.With possible roots dating back to the second millennium BCE, Zoroastrianism enters recorded history in the 5th century BCE. Along with a Mithraic Median prototype and a Zurvanist Sassanid successor, it served as the state religion of the ancient Iranian empires for more than a millennium, from around 600 BCE to 650 CE. Zoroastrianism declined from the 7th century onwards following the Muslim conquest of Persia of 633\u2013654. Recent estimates place the current number of Zoroastrians at around 110,000\u2013120,000, with most living in India and in Iran; their number has been thought to be declining.The most important texts of the religion are those of the Avesta, which includes as central the writings of Zoroaster known as the Gathas, enigmatic ritual poems that define the religion's precepts, which is within Yasna, the main worship service of modern Zoroastrianism. The religious philosophy of Zoroaster divided the early Iranian gods of the Proto-Indo-Iranian tradition into ahuras and daevas, the latter of which were not considered worthy of worship. Zoroaster proclaimed that Ahura Mazda was the supreme creator, the creative and sustaining force of the universe through Asha, and that human beings are given a right of choice between supporting Ahura Mazda or not, making them responsible for their choices. Though Ahura Mazda has no equal contesting force, Angra Mainyu (destructive spirit/mentality), whose forces are born from Aka Manah (evil thought), is considered the main adversarial force of the religion, standing against Spenta Mainyu (creative spirit/mentality). Middle Persian literature developed further Angra Mainyu into Ahriman and advancing him to be the direct adversary to Ahura Mazda.Asha (truth, cosmic order), the life force that originates from Ahura Mazda, stands in opposition to Druj (falsehood, deceit) and Ahura Mazda is considered to be all-good with no evil emanating from the deity. Ahura Mazda works in g\u0113t\u012bg (the visible material realm) and m\u0113n\u014dg (the invisible spiritual and mental realm) through the seven (six when excluding Spenta Mainyu) Amesha Spentas (direct emanations of Ahura Mazda) and the host of other Yazatas (literally meaning \"worthy of worship\"), who all worship Ahura Mazda in the Avesta and other texts and who Ahura Mazda requests worship towards in the same texts.Zoroastrianism is not uniform in theological and philosophical thought, especially with historical and modern influences having a significant impact on individual and local beliefs, practices, values and vocabulary, sometimes merging with tradition and in other cases displacing it. Modern Zoroastrianism, however, tends to divide itself into either Reformist or Traditionalist camps with various smaller movements arising. In Zoroastrianism, the purpose in life is to become an Ashavan (a master of Asha) and to bring happiness into the world, which contributes to the cosmic battle against evil. Zoroastrianism's core teachings include but are not limited:\n\nFollow the Threefold Path of Asha: Humata, Huxta, Huvarshta (Good Thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds).\nCharity is a way of maintaining one's soul aligned to Asha and to spread happiness.\nThe spiritual equality and duty of the genders.\nBeing good for the sake of goodness and without the hope of reward (see Ashem Vohu).", "Q183397": "Sir Fred Hoyle FRS (24 June 1915 \u2013 20 August 2001) was an English astronomer who formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis. He also held controversial stances on other scientific matters\u2014in particular his rejection of the \"Big Bang\" theory, a term coined by him on BBC radio, and his promotion of panspermia as the origin of life on Earth. He also wrote science fiction novels, short stories and radio plays, and co-authored twelve books with his son, Geoffrey Hoyle.\nHe spent most of his working life at the Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge and served as its director for six years.\n\n", "Q169996": "Stormbreaker (titled Alex Rider: Stormbreaker in the United States) is a 2006 action spy film directed by Geoffrey Sax. The screenplay by Anthony Horowitz is based on his 2000 novel Stormbreaker, the first novel in the Alex Rider series. The film stars Alex Pettyfer as Alex Rider, and also stars Mickey Rourke, Bill Nighy, Sophie Okonedo, Alicia Silverstone, Sarah Bolger, Stephen Fry and Ewan McGregor. Stormbreaker was an international co-production between companies and financiers from the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany.\nThe film's plot follows a teenage boy who is recruited by MI6 after his uncle, a secret agent, is killed in action. He is sent on a mission in Cornwall to gather intelligence behind Stormbreaker, an advanced computer system being provided to schools across Britain, and its creator, billionaire Darrius Sayle.\nIntended to be the first entry in a film franchise, Stormbreaker grossed between $20.7 and $23.9 million worldwide upon its theatrical release, failing to recoup its $40 million budget and making the film a box office bomb. According to Rotten Tomatoes, the film was largely criticized for its lack of originality and believability. As a result of these factors, plans to produce further Alex Rider films were dropped.", "Q86567": "Bruno Balz (6 October 1902 Berlin \u2013 14 March 1988 Bad Wiessee) was a German songwriter and schlager writer.\n\nFrom the time he wrote the music for the first German sound film until his retirement in the 1960s, Balz was responsible for the lyrics to over a thousand popular hits. Much of his output was in conjunction with the composer Michael Jary; their songs helped make the singer Zarah Leander popular.\nBalz was arrested several times for homosexuality. In 1936 he spent several months in prison, and was released under an agreement that mandated that his name was no longer to appear in public. To maintain the appearance of propriety he entered a \"lavender marriage\" with a woman named Selma. He was rearrested in 1941 by the Gestapo and was kept in the Gestapo headquarters in Prinz-Albrecht-Stra\u00dfe. He was released from imprisonment by the intervention of Jary, who persuaded officials that he could produce songs that would aid the war effort. Within a day of his release, they had written two of their greatest successes, \"Davon geht die Welt nicht unter\" and \"Ich wei\u00df, es wird einmal ein Wunder gescheh'n\". His film songs for Leander, a star of UFA musicals which were later criticised as having helped public and armed forces morale during the war, became anthems for homosexuals imprisoned in concentration camps.The fall of the Nazi regime did not spell an end to the persecution of Balz, as Paragraph 175, the law against homosexuality, continued in force. Thus his name is considerably less well-known than if he had been properly credited for his lyrics.\nBalz's companion was painter and actor J\u00fcrgen Draeger, who was enjoined by a clause in Balz's will from talking about their relations for ten years following Balz's death.\nThe Bruno Balz Theatre in Berlin is named for him.", "Q317228": "Kurtwood Larson Smith (born July 3, 1943) is an American television and film actor. He is known for playing Clarence Boddicker in RoboCop (1987) and Red Forman in That '70s Show, as well as for his many appearances in science fiction films and television programs (Star Trek, The X-Files). He also starred in the seventh season of 24.", "Q320484": "The Tennessee Titans are a professional American football team based in Nashville, Tennessee. The Titans compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) South division. Previously known as the Houston Oilers, the team began play in 1960 in Houston, Texas, as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL). The Oilers won the first two AFL Championships, and joined the NFL as part of the AFL\u2013NFL merger in 1970.\nThe team relocated from Houston to Tennessee in 1997, and played at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis for one season. The team then moved to Nashville in 1998 and played in Vanderbilt Stadium. For those two years, they were known as the \"Tennessee Oilers\", but changed their name to \"Tennessee Titans\" for the 1999 season. The team currently plays at Nissan Stadium in Nashville, which opened in 1999 as Adelphia Coliseum. The Titans' training facility is at Saint Thomas Sports Park, a 31-acre (13 ha) site at the MetroCenter complex in Nashville.Throughout the club's history, the Titans have played in the Super Bowl once (XXXIV, at the end of the 1999 NFL season); the Titans lost 23\u201316 to the St. Louis Rams.", "Q168450": "Gretchen Egolf (born 9 September 1973) is an American theater, film and television actress.", "Q1622507": "Unitarian Universalism (UU) is a liberal religion characterized by a \"free and responsible search for truth and meaning\". Unitarian Universalists assert no creed, but instead are unified by their shared search for spiritual growth, guided by a dynamic, \"living tradition\". Currently, these traditions are summarized by the Six Sources and Seven Principles of Unitarian Universalism, documents recognized by all congregations who choose to be a part of the Unitarian Universalist Association. These documents are 'living', meaning always open for revisiting and reworking. Unitarian Universalist (U.U.) congregations include many atheists, agnostics, and theists within their membership - and there are U.U. churches / fellowships / congregations / societies all over America - as well as others around the world. The roots of Unitarian Universalism lie in liberal Christianity, specifically Unitarianism and universalism. Unitarian Universalists state that from these traditions comes a deep regard for intellectual freedom and inclusive love. Congregations and members seek inspiration and derive insight from all major world religions.The beliefs of individual Unitarian Universalists range widely, including atheism, agnosticism, pantheism, panentheism, pandeism, deism, humanism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Taoism, syncretism, Omnism, Bah\u00e1\u2019i, and Neopaganism.The Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA) was formed in 1961 through the consolidation of the American Unitarian Association, established in 1825, and the Universalist Church of America, established in 1793. The UUA is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, and serves churches mostly in the United States. A group of thirty Philippine congregations is represented as a sole member within the UUA. The Canadian Unitarian Council (CUC) became an independent body in 2002. The UUA and CUC are, in turn, two of the seventeen members of the International Council of Unitarians and Universalists.\n\n", "Q1521908": "Marc Russell Benioff (born September 25, 1964) is an American Internet entrepreneur with a net worth of $6.9 billion as of January 2020. He is the founder, chairman and CEO of Salesforce, an enterprise cloud computing company. As of August 2019, he owned 4.14% of Salesforce shares, worth $4.33 billion.", "Q98981": "Maria von Welser (born 26 June 1946 in Munich) is a German TV journalist and the President of UNICEF Germany.She is by marriage a member of the preeminent banking and merchant family Welser. She is also the daughter of Margarete Sch\u00fcssel, German fashion journalist.\n\n", "Q121736": "Charles Chaill\u00e9-Long (1842\u20131917) was an American soldier, lawyer, explorer, diplomat, and author from Princess Anne, Maryland. He was commissioned by the United States Army and the Egyptian Army. He explored Central Africa and Korea (Corea). He was the second westerner to visit Lake Victoria and given credit for discovering Lake Kyoga (aka Lake Ibrahim).", "Q350163": "J\u00e9r\u00f4me Pradon (born 3 June 1964) is a French actor and singer who has performed in the West End, in Paris and in various other places around the world. He was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France.", "Q87679": "Daniel Fenner von Fenneberg (c.1820 \u2013 1863) was an Austrian Army officer.He served as an officer in the Austrian Army and commanded the Vienna National Guard in 1848. Later he was the Commander in Chief of the National Guard in Vienna in 1848. During the uprising of the citizens of Vienna in 1848, the National Guard fought on behalf of the insurgency in Vienna. In 1849, Fenner became Commander-in-Chief and Chief of Staff of the insurgent army of the Provisional Government in the Palatinate.", "Q265872": "Frederica von Stade (born June 1, 1945) is an American singer. Since her debut in New York in 1970, she has performed in operas, musicals, concerts and recitals in venues throughout the world, including the Met, La Scala, the Op\u00e9ra de Paris, the Vienna State Opera, the Salzburger Festspielhaus, Covent Garden, Glyndebourne and Carnegie Hall. Conductors with whom she has appeared include Abbado, Bernstein, Giulini, Karajan and Solti. She has also been a prolific and eclectic recording artist, and has made many appearances on television. A high, lyric mezzo-soprano able to sing music more usually undertaken by sopranos, she is especially associated with the bel canto and French repertoires and with contemporary American music, particularly the works of Jake Heggie. Among her signature roles are Penelope, Rosina, Charlotte, Cendrillon and M\u00e9lisande, and, in trousers, Cherubino, H\u00e4nsel and Octavian.\nHer divorce from her first husband, Peter Elkus, was important in the development of American matrimonial case law, helping to establish the principle that the economic value of a performer's career and celebrity status could be marital property subject to equitable distribution.", "Q120428": "Busso Peus (19 January 1908 \u2013 5 November 1979) was a German jurist and politician of the Christian Democratic Union. From 1952 to 1964 he was the Mayor of the City of M\u00fcnster, Germany.", "Q90305": "Carl Heinrich Georg(es) von Heyden (20 January 1793 Frankfurt \u2013 7 July 1866) was a German senator and entomologist. He collected insects in all orders but was especially interested in Coleoptera, Microlepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and fossil insects. His collections are divided between the German Entomological Institute and the Senckenberg Museum.\nHe studied forestry under Johann Matth\u00e4us Bechstein at the Drei\u00dfigacker Forest Academy near Meiningen, then continued his education at the University of Heidelberg. With his son, Lukas von Heyden, he conducted studies of fossil insects found in lignite. In addition to his entomological research, he performed investigations of reptile specimens collected by Eduard R\u00fcppell in North Africa.In 1817, he was co-founder of the Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft.", "Q23871": "Fortress of War (Russian: \u0411\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c; translit. Brestskaia krepost; festival title: The Brest Fortress) is a 2010 Russian-Belarusian war film recounting the June 1941 defense of Brest Fortress against invading Wehrmacht forces in the opening stages of Operation Barbarossa, Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II. Events are narrated from the perspective of 15-year-old Sasha Akimov, centering on three resistance zones holding out against the protracted German siege. The defending forces are led by regiment commander Major Pyotr Gavrilov (44th Rifle Regiment of the Red Army), with Regimental Commissar Yefim Fomin (84th Rifle Regiment of the Red Army), and the head of the 9th Frontier Outpost, Lieutenant Andrey Mitrofanovich Kizhevatov.\nThe film makers claim that the plot is as close as possible to historical fact, and that the Brest Fortress Museum supervised the plot thoroughly.", "Q824030": "Nils Christian T\u00f8nsberg (7 December 1813 \u2013 6 February 1897) was a Norwegian publisher and author. Christian T\u00f8nsberg became one of the larger Norwegian publishers and was best known for illustrated books about Norway.", "Q969642": "Giorgi \"Gigi\" Ugulava (Georgian: \u10d2\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0) (born August 15, 1975) is a Georgian politician and the former Mayor of Tbilisi (2005\u20132013). He was one of the former leaders of the United National Movement (UNM) party and former close ally of the former President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili. On 10 February, 2020 he was arrested for 3 years.", "Q107097": "Franz Herre (born 11 April 1926, Fischen im Allg\u00e4u) is a German biographer, historian and journalist.", "Q830045": "Bess Bonnier (born 26 May 1928 in Detroit; died 6 October 2011 in Grosse Pointe, Michigan) was an American jazz pianist, composer and music educator.", "Q2065147": "Ruslan (Khalid or Halid) Bekmirzayevich Yamadayev (Russian: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d (\u0425\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434) \u0411\u0435\u043a\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0437\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0432) (10 December 1961 \u2013 24 September 2008) was a Chechen military leader and politician. A member of the high-profile Yamadayev clan, he was assassinated in Moscow in 2008. Yamadayev was one of Kremlin's most loyal allies.\n\n", "Q675896": "Codrin \u0218tefan \u021aapu (born 17 December 1973) is a Romanian author and psychologist. His works are centered on describing and changing the \"aspects\" of personality, and propose a perspective of interconnected spiritual support systems.", "Q1148591": "Cyril James Cusack (26 November 1910 \u2013 7 October 1993) was an Irish actor, who appeared in numerous films and television productions in a career lasting more than 70 years.", "Q885198": "Emanuel Lorenz Philipp (March 25, 1861 \u2013 June 15, 1925) was an American railroad executive and politician from Wisconsin, who served as the 23rd Governor of Wisconsin from 1915 to 1921.\n\n", "Q191793": "Karvin\u00e1 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8karv\u026ana\u02d0] (listen); Polish: Karwina, Polish pronunciation: [kar\u02c8vina] (listen), German: Karwin) is a city in Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic, on the Olza River. It is administrative center of Karvin\u00e1 District. Karvin\u00e1 lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and is one of the most important coal mining centers in the Czech Republic. Together with neighboring towns it forms industrial Ostrava-Karvin\u00e1 Coal Basin.\nAccording to 2001 census, it had 65,141 inhabitants, but the population dropped under 53,000 (2019). 8.5% of the population are Slovaks and 8% of the population are Poles. The Polish population has been historically declining. In the past the town had a significant German community. There is also a growing Romani community.", "Q28924": "The Catacombs of Paris (French: Catacombes de Paris, pronunciation ) are underground ossuaries in Paris, France, which hold the remains of more than six million people in a small part of a tunnel network built to consolidate Paris' ancient stone quarries. Extending south from the Barri\u00e8re d'Enfer (\"Gate of Hell\") former city gate, this ossuary was created as part of the effort to eliminate the city's overflowing cemeteries. Preparation work began not long after a 1774 series of gruesome Saint Innocents-cemetery-quarter basement wall collapses added a sense of urgency to the cemetery-eliminating measure, and from 1786, nightly processions of covered wagons transferred remains from most of Paris' cemeteries to a mine shaft opened near the Rue de la Tombe-Issoire.\nThe ossuary remained largely forgotten until it became a novelty-place for concerts and other private events in the early 19th century; after further renovations and the construction of accesses around Place Denfert-Rochereau, it was open to public visitation from 1874. Since 2013, the Catacombs number among the 14 City of Paris Museums managed by Paris Mus\u00e9es. Although the ossuary comprises only a small section of the underground \"carri\u00e8res de Paris\" (\"quarries of Paris\"), Parisians currently often refer to the entire tunnel network as the catacombs.", "Q558764": "Eugene Morrison Stoner (November 22, 1922 \u2013 April 24, 1997) was an American firearms designer who is most associated with the development of the ArmaLite AR-15 rifle that was modified by the US military as the M16 rifle.\n\n", "Q173716": "Joe James (May 23, 1925 \u2013 November 5, 1952) was an American racecar driver. He was born in Saucier, Mississippi, and was killed during a Champ Car race at San Jose Speedway, San Jose, California.", "Q51559": "Sidney Arthur Lumet ( loo-MET; June 25, 1924 \u2013 April 9, 2011) was an American director, producer, and screenwriter with over 50 films to his credit. He was nominated five times for the Academy Award: four for Best Director for 12 Angry Men (1957), Dog Day Afternoon (1975), Network (1976), and The Verdict (1982) and one for Best Adapted Screenplay for Prince of the City (1981). He did not win an individual Academy Award, but did receive an Academy Honorary Award, and 14 of his films were nominated for Oscars, including Network, which was nominated for ten and won four.\nAccording to The Encyclopedia of Hollywood Lumet was one of the most prolific filmmakers of the modern era, directing more than one movie a year on average since his directorial debut in 1957. Turner Classic Movies notes his \"strong direction of actors\", \"vigorous storytelling\" and the \"social realism\" in his best work. Film critic Roger Ebert described him as \"one of the finest craftsmen and warmest humanitarians among all film directors.\" Lumet was also known as an \"actor's director,\" having worked with the best of them during his career, probably more than \"any other director.\" Sean Connery, who acted in five of his films, considered him one of his favorite directors, and one who had that \"vision thing.\"A member of the maiden cohort of New York's Actors Studio, Lumet began his directorial career in Off-Broadway productions, then became a highly efficient TV director. His first movie, 12 Angry Men (1957), was a courtroom drama centered on a tense jury deliberation. Lumet subsequently divided his energies among political and social drama films, as well as adaptations of literary plays and novels, big stylish stories, New York-based black comedies, and realistic crime dramas, including Serpico and Prince of the City. As a result of directing 12 Angry Men, he was also responsible for leading the first wave of directors who made a successful transition from TV to movies.In 2005 Lumet received an Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement for his \"brilliant services to screenwriters, performers, and the art of the motion picture.\" Two years later he concluded his career with the acclaimed drama Before the Devil Knows You're Dead (2007). A few months after Lumet's death in April 2011, a retrospective celebration of his work was held at New York's Lincoln Center with numerous speakers and film stars. In 2015 Nancy Buirski directed By Sidney Lumet, a documentary about his career, and in January 2017 PBS devoted an episode of its American Masters series to Lumet's life as a director.", "Q373962": "Walk off the Earth is a Canadian indie pop band from Burlington, Ontario. The group is known for its music videos of covers and originals. The band is well known for covering pop-genre music on YouTube, making use of instruments such as the ukulele and the theremin, as well as looping samples. The band's recorded music and videos are produced by member and multi-instrumentalist Gianni \"Luminati\" Nicassio.", "Q39829": "Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, and fantasy novels. His books have sold more than 350 million copies, many of which have been adapted into feature films, miniseries, television series, and comic books. King has published 61 novels (including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman) and six non-fiction books. He has written approximately 200 short stories, most of which have been published in book collections.\nKing has received Bram Stoker Awards, World Fantasy Awards, and British Fantasy Society Awards. In 2003, the National Book Foundation awarded him the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. He has also received awards for his contribution to literature for his entire oeuvre, such as the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement (2004) and the Grand Master Award from the Mystery Writers of America (2007). In 2015, King was awarded with a National Medal of Arts from the United States National Endowment for the Arts for his contributions to literature. He has been described as the \"King of Horror\".", "Q232902": "Jennifer Jason Leigh (born Jennifer Leigh Morrow; February 5, 1962) is an American actress. She began her career on television during the 1970s before making her film breakthrough as Stacy Hamilton in Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982). She later received critical praise for her performances in Miami Blues (1990), Last Exit to Brooklyn (1990), Backdraft (1991), Single White Female (1992), and Short Cuts (1993).\nLeigh was nominated for a Golden Globe for her portrayal of Dorothy Parker in Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle (1994). She starred in a 1995 film written by her mother, screenwriter Barbara Turner, titled Georgia. In 2001, she co-wrote and co-directed a film with Alan Cumming titled The Anniversary Party. In 2002, Leigh appeared in the neo-noir crime drama film Road to Perdition. In 2007, she starred in the family drama film Margot at the Wedding. She had a recurring role on the Showtime comedy-drama series Weeds as Jill Price-Gray. In 2015, she received critical acclaim for her voice work as Lisa in Charlie Kaufman's Anomalisa, and for her role as Daisy Domergue in Quentin Tarantino's The Hateful Eight, for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Since 2017, she has starred in the Netflix comedy-drama series Atypical.\nFor her stage work, Leigh was nominated for a Drama Desk award for her Off-Broadway performance as Beverly Moss in Mike Leigh's Abigail's Party. Her Broadway debut occurred in 1998, when she became the replacement for the role of Sally Bowles in the musical Cabaret.", "Q976992": "The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (\u306d\u3058\u307e\u304d\u9ce5\u30af\u30ed\u30cb\u30af\u30eb, Nejimakitori Kuronikuru) is a novel published in 1994\u20131995 by Japanese author Haruki Murakami. The American translation and its British adaptation, dubbed the \"only official translations\" (English) are by Jay Rubin and were first published in 1997. For this novel, Murakami received the Yomiuri Literary Award, which was awarded to him by one of his harshest former critics, Kenzabur\u014d \u014ce.", "Q62588473": "Pierre Am\u00e9d\u00e9e Marcel-B\u00e9ronneau (1869\u20131937) was a French Symbolist painter. He first worked at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux at the same time as Fernand Sabatt\u00e9 then became \"one of the most brilliant students\" of Gustave Moreau at the \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des Beaux-Arts. He was a member of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Fran\u00e7ais.In early February 1909, Kahlil Gibran had been working for a few weeks in B\u00e9ronneau's studio in Paris; he used \"his sympathy towards B\u00e9ronneau as an excuse to leave the Acad\u00e9mie Julian altogether\". According to Robin Waterfield, \"Gibran was confirmed in his aspiration to be a Symbolist painter\" after working in Marcel-B\u00e9ronneau's studio.", "Q1513": "Nagpur is the third largest city and the winter capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the 13th largest city in India by population and according to an Oxford Economics report, Nagpur is projected to be the fifth fastest growing city in the world from 2019 to 2035 with an average growth of 8.41%. It has been proposed as one of the Smart Cities in Maharashtra and is one of the top ten cities in India in Smart City Project execution.Nagpur is the seat of the annual winter session of the Maharashtra state assembly. It is a major commercial and political centre of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. In addition, the city derives unique importance from being the headquarters for the Hindu nationalist organisation RSS and an important location for the Dalit Buddhist movement. Nagpur is also known for Deekshabhoomi, the largest hollow stupa among all the Buddhist stupas in the world.\nAccording to a survey by ABP News-Ipsos, Nagpur was identified as the best city in India topping in livability, greenery, public transport, and health care indices in 2013. The city was adjudged the 20th cleanest city in India and the top mover in the western zone as per Swachh Sarvekshan 2016. It was awarded as the best city for innovation and best practice in Swachh Sarvekshan 2018. It was also declared as open defecation free in January 2018 under Swachh Bharat Mission. It is also one of the safest cities for women in India. The city also ranks 31st in Ease of Living index among 111 cities in India. It was ranked the 8th most competitive city in the country by the Institute for Competitiveness for the year 2017.It is famous for Nagpur oranges and is sometimes known as the Orange City for being a major trade center of oranges cultivated in large part of the region. It is also called the Tiger Capital of India or the Tiger Gateway of India as many tiger reserves are located in and around the city and also hosts the regional office of National Tiger Conservation Authority. The city was founded in 1703 by the Gonds King Bakht Buland Shah of Deogarh and later became a part of the Maratha Empire under the royal Bhonsale dynasty. The British East India Company took over Nagpur in the 19th century and made it the capital of the Central Provinces and Berar. After the first re-organisation of states, the city lost its status as the capital. Following the informal Nagpur Pact between political leaders, it was made the second capital of Maharashtra.\n\n", "Q204268": "LOT Polish Airlines, legally incorporated as Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. (Polish pronunciation: [l\u0254t], flight), is the flag carrier of Poland. Based in Warsaw and established on 29 December 1928, it is one of the world's oldest airlines in operation. With a fleet of almost 100 aircraft, LOT Polish Airlines flies to over 120 destinations across Europe, Asia and North America. Most of the destinations originate from its hub at Warsaw Chopin Airport. LOT is a member of the Star Alliance.", "Q213714": "Bluegrass music is a genre of American roots music that developed in the 1940s in the United States Appalachian region. The genre derives its name from the band Bill Monroe and the Blue Grass Boys. Bluegrass has roots in traditional English, Scottish and Irish ballads and dance tunes, and in traditional African-American blues and jazz. Bluegrass was further developed by musicians who played with Monroe, including 5-string banjo player Earl Scruggs and guitarist Lester Flatt. Monroe characterized the genre as: \"Scottish bagpipes and ole-time fiddlin'. It's Methodist and Holiness and Baptist. It's blues and jazz, and it has a high lonesome sound.\"Bluegrass features acoustic string instruments and emphasizes the off-beat. Notes are anticipated, in contrast to laid back blues where notes are behind the beat, which creates the higher energy characteristic of bluegrass. In bluegrass, as in some forms of jazz, one or more instruments each takes its turn playing the melody and improvising around it, while the others perform accompaniment; this is especially typified in tunes called breakdowns. This is in contrast to old-time music, in which all instruments play the melody together or one instrument carries the lead throughout while the others provide accompaniment. Breakdowns are often characterized by rapid tempos and unusual instrumental dexterity and sometimes by complex chord changes.There are three major subgenres of bluegrass. Traditional bluegrass has musicians playing folk songs, tunes with traditional chord progressions, and using only acoustic instruments, with an example being Bill Monroe. Progressive bluegrass groups may use electric instruments and import songs from other genres, particularly rock & roll. Examples include Punch Brothers, Cadillac Sky and Bearfoot. Another subgenre, bluegrass gospel, uses Christian lyrics, soulful three- or four-part harmony singing, and sometimes the playing of instrumentals. A newer development in the bluegrass world is Neo-traditional bluegrass; exemplified by bands such as The Grascals and Mountain Heart; bands from this subgenre typically have more than one lead singer. Bluegrass music has attracted a diverse following worldwide.", "Q931401": "Mar\u00eda del Pilar del R\u00edo S\u00e1nchez (born March 15, 1950) is a Spanish journalist, writer and translator, president of Jos\u00e9 Saramago Foundation.\n\n", "Q23681": "Northern Cyprus (Turkish: Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s), officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC; Turkish: Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti, KKTC), is a de facto sovereign state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. Recognised only by Turkey, Northern Cyprus is considered by the international community to be part of the Republic of Cyprus.\nNorthern Cyprus extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula in the northeast to Morphou Bay, Cape Kormakitis and its westernmost point, the Kokkina exclave in the west. Its southernmost point is the village of Louroujina. A buffer zone under the control of the United Nations stretches between Northern Cyprus and the rest of the island and divides Nicosia, the island's largest city and capital of both sides.\nA coup d'\u00e9tat in 1974, performed as part of an attempt to annex the island to Greece, prompted the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. This resulted in the eviction of much of the north's Greek Cypriot population, the flight of Turkish Cypriots from the south, and the partitioning of the island, leading to a unilateral declaration of independence by the north in 1983. Due to its lack of recognition, Northern Cyprus is heavily dependent on Turkey for economic, political and military support.Attempts to reach a solution to the Cyprus dispute have been unsuccessful. The Turkish Army maintains a large force in Northern Cyprus. While its presence is supported and approved by the TRNC government, the Republic of Cyprus, the European Union as a whole, and the international community regard it as an occupation force, and its presence has been denounced in several United Nations Security Council resolutions.Northern Cyprus is a semi-presidential, democratic republic with a cultural heritage incorporating various influences and an economy that is dominated by the services sector. The economy has seen growth through the 2000s and 2010s, with the GNP per capita more than tripling in the 2000s, but is held back by an international embargo due to the official closure of the ports in Northern Cyprus by the Republic of Cyprus. The official language is Turkish, with a distinct local dialect being spoken. The vast majority of the population consists of Sunni Muslims, while religious attitudes are mostly moderate and secular. Northern Cyprus is an observer state of ECO and OIC under the title \"Turkish Cypriot State\", and of PACE under the title \"Turkish Cypriot Community\".", "Q120400": "Hansj\u00f6rg Schneider (born 27 March 1938) is a Swiss writer and dramatist known for occasionally using Mundart or Swiss dialect. He received the Phantastik-Preis der Stadt Wetzlar in 1998.\n\n", "Q376832": "Gedeon (Gideon) Barcza (August 21, 1911 in Kis\u00fajsz\u00e1ll\u00e1s \u2013 February 27, 1986 in Budapest) was a Hungarian chess grandmaster. He was eight-time chess champion of Hungary.", "Q111805": "Artur or Arthur V\u0103itoianu (14 April 1864 in Izmail \u2013 17 June 1956) was a Romanian general who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for about two months in 1919 (27 September \u2013 30 November). During his mandate, the first elections of Greater Romania were held.\n\n", "Q357624": "Alexandr Hackenschmied, born Alexander Siegfried George Hackenschmied, known later as Alexander Hammid (17 December 1907, Linz \u2013 26 July 2004, New York City) was a Czech-American photographer, film director, cinematographer and editor. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1938 and became involved in American avant-garde cinema. He is best known for three films: Crisis (1939), Meshes of the Afternoon (1943) and To Be Alive! (1964). He made Meshes of the Afternoon, with his wife Maya Deren\u2014to whom he was married from 1942 to 1947.\nHe won the 1965 Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject) for To Be Alive! (1964), which he co-directed with Francis Thompson.", "Q287607": "Robert Reiner (born March 6, 1947) is an American actor, comedian, and filmmaker. As an actor, Reiner first came to national prominence with the role of Michael Stivic on All in the Family (1971\u20131979), a role that earned him two Emmy Awards during the 1970s. As a director, Reiner was recognized by the Directors Guild of America Awards with nominations for the coming of age drama film Stand by Me (1986), the romantic comedy When Harry Met Sally... (1989), and the military courtroom drama A Few Good Men (1992). Reiner has also received four nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Director. His other directorial credits include the heavy metal mockumentary This Is Spinal Tap (1984), the romantic comedy fantasy adventure The Princess Bride (1987), and the psychological horror-thriller Misery (1990).", "Q7162": "Genetics is a branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.Though heredity had been observed for millennia, Gregor Mendel, a scientist and Augustinian friar working in the 19th century, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied \"trait inheritance\", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete \"units of inheritance\". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene.\nTrait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but modern genetics has expanded beyond inheritance to studying the function and behavior of genes. Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism (e.g. dominance), and within the context of a population. Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including molecular genetics, epigenetics and population genetics. Organisms studied within the broad field span the domains of life (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya).\nGenetic processes work in combination with an organism's environment and experiences to influence development and behavior, often referred to as nature versus nurture. The intracellular or extracellular environment of a living cell or organism may switch gene transcription on or off. A classic example is two seeds of genetically identical corn, one placed in a temperate climate and one in an arid climate (lacking sufficient waterfall or rain). While the average height of the two corn stalks may be genetically determined to be equal, the one in the arid climate only grows to half the height of the one in the temperate climate due to lack of water and nutrients in its environment.", "Q1039432": "Diplomat Records is an American hip hop record label founded by Harlem rapper Cam'ron. Dipset currently releases music under the independent label E1 music. In the early 2000s, Dipset was very popular for having star rappers with radio hits like Juelz Santana and Cam'ron and for their association with Jay-Z's Roc-A-Fella records. In 2005, Dipset moved away from Roc-A-Fella and Cam'ron sold Juelz Santana's contract back to Def Jam. Between 2006 and 2009, Dipset was relatively quiet aside from Cam'ron and Jim Jones. However in 2010, they reunited and have begun to associate themselves with rapper Vado.", "Q518368": "Bad Langensalza (pronounced [ba\u02d0d la\u014bn\u0329\u02c8zaltsa\u02d0]; until 1956: Langensalza) is a spa town of 17,500 inhabitants in the Unstrut-Hainich district, Thuringia, central Germany.", "Q531922": "Larry McMurtry's Streets of Laredo is a 1995 American Western television miniseries directed by Joseph Sargent. It is a three-part adaptation of the 1993 novel of the same name by author Larry McMurtry and is the third installment in the Lonesome Dove series serving as a direct sequel to Lonesome Dove (1989), ignoring the events of Return to Lonesome Dove (1993). The series is set in the 1890s. \nThe series stars James Garner as former Texas Ranger Captain Woodrow F. Call, now a bounty hunter, hired to track down Joey Garza (Alexis Cruz) who is preying on the railroad. It also features Sissy Spacek, Sam Shepard, Ned Beatty, Randy Quaid, Wes Studi, Charles Martin Smith, and George Carlin.", "Q22": "Scotland (Scots: Scotland, Scottish Gaelic: Alba [\u02c8al\u032a\u02e0ap\u0259] (listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain, with a border with England to the southeast, and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, the North Sea to the northeast, the Irish Sea to the south, and more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.\nThe Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI of Scotland became king of England and Ireland, thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms. Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. In 1801, Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (in 1922, the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927).Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland. The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. The continued existence of legal, educational, religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England.In 1997, a Scottish Parliament was re-established, in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members, having authority over many areas of domestic policy. The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland, who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland. Scotland is represented in the United Kingdom Parliament by 59 MPs. Scotland is also a member of the British\u2013Irish Council, and sends five members of the Scottish Parliament to the British\u2013Irish Parliamentary Assembly.Scotland is divided into 32 administrative subdivisions or local authorities, known as council areas. Glasgow City is the largest council area in terms of population, with Highland being the largest in terms of area. Limited self-governing power, covering matters such as education, social services and roads and transportation, is devolved from the Scottish Government to each subdivision.", "Q353442": "Gabriel Lam\u00e9 (22 July 1795 \u2013 1 May 1870) was a French mathematician who contributed to the theory of partial differential equations by the use of curvilinear coordinates, and the mathematical theory of elasticity (for which linear elasticity and finite strain theory elaborate the mathematical abstractions).", "Q48020": "Sergey Leonidovich Sokolov (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0432; 1 July 1911 \u2013 31 August 2012) was a Soviet military commander, Hero of the Soviet Union, and served as Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union from 22 December 1984 until 30 May 1987.\n\n", "Q315417": "Lee \"Scratch\" Perry (born Rainford Hugh Perry; 20 March 1936) is a Jamaican record producer and singer noted for his innovative studio techniques and production style. Perry was a pioneer in the 1970s development of dub music with his early adoption of remixing and studio effects to create new instrumental or vocal versions of existing reggae tracks. He has worked with and produced for a wide variety of artists, including Bob Marley and the Wailers, Junior Murvin, the Congos, Max Romeo, Adrian Sherwood, the Beastie Boys, Ari Up, the Clash, the Orb and many others.", "Q172420": "Donald L. Branson (June 2, 1920 \u2013 November 12, 1966) was an American racecar driver.", "Q123109": "Oskar Freysinger (born 12 June 1960) is a Swiss politician of the Swiss People's Party.", "Q93624": "Baroness Maria Augusta von Trapp DHS (n\u00e9e Kutschera; 26 January 1905 \u2013 28 March 1987) was the stepmother and matriarch of the Trapp Family Singers. She wrote The Story of the Trapp Family Singers, which was published in 1949 and was the inspiration for the 1956 West German film The Trapp Family, which in turn inspired the Broadway musical The Sound of Music (1959) and its 1965 film version.", "Q389158": "Ambush at Cimarron Pass is a 1958 American Western film directed by Jodie Copelan and starring Scott Brady and Clint Eastwood (third billed, later first billed upon reissue). The film also features Margia Dean, Irving Bacon, Frank Gerstle, Baynes Barron, and William Vaughn.It is the only feature film ever directed by Copelan, who was primarily a film editor.\n\n", "Q925474": "Rob Wasserman (April 1, 1952 \u2013 June 29, 2016) was an American composer and bass player. A Grammy Award and NEA grant winner, he played and recorded with a wide variety of musicians including Bob Weir, Bruce Cockburn, Elvis Costello, Ani di Franco, Jerry Garcia, David Grisman, St\u00e9phane Grappelli, Rickie Lee Jones, Van Morrison, Aaron Neville, Lou Reed, Pete Seeger, Jules Shear, Brian Wilson, Chris Whitley, Neil Young, Jackson Browne, Laurie Anderson, Stephen Perkins, Banyan, Mystic Knights of the Oingo Boingo, and Ratdog.He is best known for his own work on the trilogy of albums, Solo, Duets, and Trios.", "Q1062350": "Oleg Anatolyevich Chirkunov (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0438\u0440\u043a\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432; Russian pronunciation: [\u0250\u02c8l\u02b2\u025bk t\u0255\u026ark\u028a\u02c8nof]) (born 15 November 1958 in Kirovsk, Murmansk Oblast, Russia) is a Russian politician who served as the governor of Perm Krai from 12 March 2004 to 28 April 2012.[1]\n\n", "Q26921": "Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A. (Italian: [\u02c8alfa ro\u02c8m\u025b\u02d0o]) is an Italian luxury car manufacturer, founded by Frenchman Alexandre Darracq as Societ\u00e0 Anonima Italiana Darracq (SAID), a company that would produce and sell special Darracq models for Italy. In late 1909, the Italian Darracq cars were selling slowly, and the Italian partners of the company hired Giuseppe Merosi to design new cars. On 24 June 1910, a new company was founded named A.L.F.A. (\"[Societ\u00e0] Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili\", \"Anonymous Lombard Automobile Factory\") on 24 June 1910, in Milan (initially still in partnership with Darracq). The brand is known for sporty vehicles and has been involved in car racing since 1911.\nThe first non-Darracq car produced by the company was the 1910 24 HP, designed by Merosi. A.L.F.A. ventured into motor racing, with drivers Franchini and Ronzoni competing in the 1911 Targa Florio with two 24-hp models. In August 1915, the company came under the direction of Neapolitan entrepreneur Nicola Romeo, who converted the factory to produce military hardware for the Italian and Allied war efforts. In 1920, the name of the company was changed to Alfa Romeo with the Torpedo 20\u201330 HP the first car to be so badged.\nIn 1921, the Banca Italiana di Sconto, which backed the Ing. Nicola Romeo & Co, went broke and the government needed to support the industrial companies involved, among which was Alfa Romeo, through the \"Consorzio per Sovvenzioni sui Valori Industriali\". In 1925, the railway activities were separated from the Romeo company, and in 1928, Nicola Romeo left. In 1933, the state ownership was reorganized under the banner of the Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (IRI) by Benito Mussolini's government, which then had effective control. The company struggled to return to profitability after the Second World War, and turned to mass-producing small vehicles rather than hand-building luxury models. In 1954, it developed the Alfa Romeo Twin Cam engine, which would remain in production until 1994. During the 1960s and 1970s, Alfa Romeo produced a number of sporty cars, but struggled to make a profit, so Istituto per la Ricostruzione (IRI), the state conglomerate that controls Finmeccanica sold the marque to the Fiat Group in 1986.Alfa Romeo has competed successfully in Grand Prix motor racing, Formula One, sportscar racing, touring car racing, and rallies. It has competed both as a constructor and an engine supplier, via works entries (usually under the name Alfa Corse or Autodelta), and private entries. The first racing car was made in 1913, three years after the foundation of the company, and Alfa Romeo won the inaugural world championship for Grand Prix cars in 1925. The race victories gave a sporty image to the marque, and Enzo Ferrari founded the Scuderia Ferrari racing team in 1929 as an Alfa Romeo racing team, before becoming independent in 1939. It has had the most wins of any marque in the world.", "Q276198": "Toni Childs (born October 29, 1957) is an American-Australian singer-songwriter. She is best known for her songs \"Don't Walk Away\" (a Billboard Hot 100 hit in the United States in 1988), \"I've Got to Go Now\", a Top 5 hit in Australia in 1991, and the Emmy-winning \"Because You're Beautiful\" (released as a single in 2004, and featured on her 2008 album Keep the Faith). In New Zealand she has had six Top 40 hit singles and three platinum albums.", "Q125578": "Alfred Rasser (29 May 1907 \u2013 18 August 1977) was a Swiss comedian, radio personality, and stage and film actor who starred predominantly in Swiss German-language cinema and television and stage productions, but he was also known for the role of Theophil L\u00e4ppli, a parody on the Swiss militarism.", "Q95255": "Karlheinz Steinm\u00fcller (born November 4, 1950 in Klingenthal) is a German physicist and science fiction author. Together with his wife Angela Steinm\u00fcller he has written science fiction short stories and novels that depict human development on a cosmic scale, grounded in an analysis of social structures and mechanisms. Angela and Karlheinz Steinm\u00fcller were not only among the most widely read authors in the GDR, ranking at the top of a 1989 poll of most popular science fiction authors in the GDR, but their works continue to be republished.", "Q519076": "A real estate broker, real estate agent or realtor is a person who represents sellers or buyers of real estate or real property. While a broker may work independently, an agent usually works under a licensed broker to represent clients. Brokers and agents are licensed by the state to negotiate sales agreements and manage the documentation required for closing real estate transactions. In North America, some brokers and agents are members of the National Association of Realtors (NAR), the largest trade association for the industry. NAR members are obligated by a code of ethics that go above and beyond state legal requirements to work in the best interest of the client. Buyers and sellers are generally advised to consult a licensed real estate professional for a written definition of an individual state's laws of agency, and many states require written disclosures to be signed by all parties outlining the duties and obligations. \nGenerally, real estate brokers/ agents fall into four categories of representation: \n\nSeller's agents, commonly called \"listing brokers\" or \"listing agents\", are contracted by owners to assist with marketing property for sale or lease.\nBuyer's agents are brokers or salespersons who assist buyers by helping them purchase property.\nDual agents help both the buyer and the seller in the same transaction. To protect their license to practice, a real estate broker owes both parties fair and honest dealing and must request that both parties (seller and buyer) sign a dual agency agreement. Special laws/rules often apply to dual agents, especially in negotiating price. In dual agency situations, a conflict of interest is more likely to occur, typically resulting in the loss of advocacy for both parties. Individual state laws vary and interpret dual agency rather differently, with some no longer allowing it. In some states, Dual Agency can be practiced in situations where the same brokerage (but not agent) represent both the buyer and the seller. If one agent from the brokerage has a home listed and another agent from that brokerage has a buyer-brokerage agreement with a buyer who wishes to buy the listed property, dual agency occurs by allowing each agent to be designated as an \"intra-company\" agent. Only the broker himself is the Dual Agent.\nTransaction brokers provide the buyer and seller with a limited form of representation but without any fiduciary obligations. Having no more than a facilitator relationship, transaction brokers assist buyers, sellers, or both during the transaction without representing the interests of either party who may then be regarded as customers. The assistance provided are the legal documents for an agreement between the buyer and seller on how a particular transfer of property will happen.A real estate broker typically receives a real estate commission for successfully completing a sale. Across the U.S. this commission can generally range between 5-6% of the property's sale price for a full service broker but this percentage varies by state and even region. This commission can be divided up with other participating real estate brokers or agents. Flat-fee brokers and Fee-for-Service brokers can charge significantly less depending on the type of services offered.", "Q200768": "Dennis William Quaid (born April 9, 1954) is an American actor known for a wide variety of dramatic and comedic roles. First gaining widespread attention in the 1980s, some of his notable credits include Breaking Away (1979), The Right Stuff (1983), The Big Easy (1986), Innerspace (1987), Great Balls of Fire! (1989), Dragonheart (1996), The Parent Trap (1998), Frequency (2000), Traffic (2000), The Rookie (2002), The Day After Tomorrow (2004), Vantage Point (2008), Footloose (2011), Soul Surfer (2011), and The Intruder (2019). For his role in Far from Heaven (2002), he won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor among other accolades.\n\n", "Q561873": "Dewey Lindon \"Spooner\" Oldham (born June 14, 1943) is an American songwriter and session musician. An organist, he recorded in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, at FAME Studios as part of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section on such hit R&B songs as Percy Sledge's \"When a Man Loves a Woman\", Wilson Pickett's \"Mustang Sally\", and Aretha Franklin's \"I Never Loved a Man\".\nAs a songwriter, Oldham teamed with Dan Penn to write such hits as \"Cry Like a Baby\" (the Box Tops), \"I'm Your Puppet\" (James and Bobby Purify), and \"A Woman Left Lonely\" and \"It Tears Me Up\" (Percy Sledge).", "Q4756464": "Sir Andrew Meikle Bryan (1 March 1893 \u2013 26 June 1988) was a Scottish mining engineer and academic.", "Q4115712": "Kaunas (; Lithuanian: [\u02c8k\u0250\u028a\u02d1n\u0250s] (listen); also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and the historical centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the biggest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Trakai of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Trakai Palatinate since 1413. In the Russian Empire, it was the capital of the Kaunas Governorate from 1843 to 1915.\nDuring the interwar period, it served as the temporary capital of Lithuania, when Vilnius was seized by Poland between 1920 and 1939. During that period Kaunas was celebrated for its rich cultural and academic life, fashion, construction of countless Art Deco and Lithuanian National Romanticism architectural-style buildings as well as popular furniture, the interior design of the time, and a widespread caf\u00e9 culture. The city interwar architecture is regarded as among the finest examples of European Art Deco and has received the European Heritage Label. It contributed to Kaunas being named as the first city in Central and Eastern Europe to be designated as a UNESCO City of Design. Kaunas has been selected as the European Capital of Culture for 2022, together with Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.The city is the capital of Kaunas County, and the seat of the Kaunas city municipality and the Kaunas District Municipality. It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaunas. Kaunas is located at the confluence of the two largest Lithuanian rivers, the Nemunas and the Neris, and is near the Kaunas Reservoir, the largest body of water in the whole of Lithuania.\nAs defined by Eurostat, the population of Kaunas functional urban area, that stretches beyond the city limits, is estimated at 383,764 (as of 2017), while according to statistics of Kaunas territorial health insurance fund, there are 437,283 permanent inhabitants (as of 2018) in Kaunas city and Kaunas district municipalities combined.", "Q633155": "Marvin Santiago (December 26, 1947 \u2013 October 6, 2004) was a Puerto Rican salsa singer who became famous all across Latin America during the 1970s. He was also a part-time comedian on Puerto Rican television.", "Q27381": "North Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in the west, to Egypt's Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east. Others have limited it to the countries of Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia, a region that was known by the French during colonial times as \"Afrique du Nord\" and is known by Arabs as the Maghreb (\"West\", The western part of Arab World). The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and Sudan, the 6 countries that shape the top North of the African continent. Meanwhile, \"North Africa\", particularly when used in the term North Africa and the Middle East, often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya. Egypt, being also part of the Middle East, is often considered separately, due to being both North African and Middle Eastern at the same time.\nNorth Africa includes a number of Spanish and Portuguese possessions, Plazas de soberan\u00eda, Ceuta and Melilla and the Canary Islands and Madeira. The countries of North Africa share a common ethnic, cultural and linguistic identity that is unique to this region. Northwest Africa has been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history, while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians. Between the A.D. 600s and 1000s, Arabs from the Middle East swept across the region in a wave of Muslim conquest. These peoples, physically quite similar, formed a single population in many areas, as Berbers and Egyptians merged into Arabic and Muslim culture. This process of Arabization and Islamization has defined the cultural landscape of North Africa ever since.\nThe distinction between North Africa, the Sahel and the rest of the continent is as follows: \n\nNineteenth century European explorers, attracted by the accounts of Ancient geographers or Arab geographers of the classical period, followed the routes by the nomadic people of the vast \"empty\" space. They documented the names of the stopping places they discovered or rediscovered, described landscapes, took a few climate measurements and gathered rock samples. Gradually, a map began to fill in the white blotch.\nThe Sahara and the Sahel entered the geographic corpus by way of naturalist explorers because aridity is the feature that circumscribes the boundaries of the ecumene. The map details included topographical relief and location of watering holes crucial to long crossings. The Arabic word \"Sahel\" (shore) and \"Sahara\" (desert) made its entry into the vocabulary of geography.\nLatitudinally, the \"slopes\" of the arid desert, devoid of continuous human habitation, descend in step-like fashion toward the northern and southern edges of the Mediterranean that opens to Europe and the Sahel that opens to \"Trab al Sudan.\" Longitudinally, a uniform grid divides the central desert then shrinks back toward the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea. Gradually, the Sahara-Sahel is further divided into a total of twenty sub-areas: central, northern, southern, western, eastern, etc.\n\nIn this way, \"standard\" geography has determined aridity to be the boundary of the ecumene. It identifies settlements based on visible activity without regard for social or political organizations of space in vast, purportedly \"empty\" areas. It gives only cursory acknowledgement to what makes Saharan geography, and for that matter, world geography unique: mobility and the routes by which it flows.\nThe Sahel or \"African Transition Zone\" has been affected by many formative epochs in North African history ranging from Ottoman occupation to the Arab-Berber control of the Andalus. As a result, many modern African nation-states that are included in the Sahel evidence cultural similarities and historical overlap with their North African neighbours. In the present day, North Africa is associated with West Asia in the realm of geopolitics to form a Middle East-North Africa region. The Islamic influence in the area is also significant and North Africa is a major part of the Muslim world.\nSome researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent in the Out of Africa migration.\n\n", "Q113974": "Michael K\u00f6hlmeier (born 15 October 1949 in Hard, Austria) is a contemporary Austrian writer and musician.\nHe studied Politics and German (1970\u20131978) at the University of Marburg, Germany, and Mathematics and Philosophy at the universities in Giessen and Frankfurt, Germany. Recent acclaim hailed from his radio broadcasts of casually told antique myths (Telemachus and Calypso) and biblical stories (Moses), which were later issued as CDs and in book form.Together with Reinhold Bilgeri he has composed cabaret programs and song lyrics, which both artists presented in public as the Duo Bilgeri & K\u00f6hlmeier. With the group Schellinski he has been writing song texts in Vorarlberg dialect since 2004.\nIn 1981 he married the writer Monika Helfer. Their daughter Paula K\u00f6hlmeier died in an accident in 2003, at the age of 21, and he dedicated his book Idylle mit ertrinkendem Hund (Idyll With Drowning Dog) as a memorial to her and his surviving family.Other books include Abendland (Occident, Carl Hanser Verlag, August 2007, ISBN 978-3-446-20913-8), about the memoirs of a mathematics professor, telling the history of two families over the past 95 years. It has met with critical acclaim.Michael K\u00f6hlmeier lives as a free-lance writer in Hohenems, Vorarlberg. In 1997 he received the Grimmelshausen Prize.", "Q69788": "Arbedo-Castione is a municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q444371": "Lewis Frederick Ayres III (December 28, 1908 \u2013 December 30, 1996) was an American actor whose film and television career spanned 65 years. He is best known for starring as German soldier Paul B\u00e4umer in the film All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) and for playing Dr. Kildare in nine movies. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his performance in Johnny Belinda (1948).", "Q1671177": "Joseph Oakland Hirschfelder (May 27, 1911 \u2013 March 30, 1990) was an American physicist who participated in the Manhattan Project and in the creation of the nuclear bomb. Robert Oppenheimer assembled a team at the Los Alamos Laboratory to work on plutonium gun design Thin Man, that included senior engineer Edwin McMillan and senior physicists Charles Critchfield and Joseph Hirschfelder. Hirschfelder had been working on internal ballistics. Oppenheimer led the design effort himself until June 1943, when Navy Captain William Sterling Parsons arrived took over the Ordnance and Engineering Division and direct management of the \"Thin Man\" project.\nHirschfelder was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a group leader in theoretical physics and ordnance at the Los Alamos Atomic Bomb Laboratory, chief phenomenologist at the nuclear bomb tests at Bikini, the founder of the Theoretical Chemistry Institute and the Homer Adkins professor emeritus of chemistry at the University of Wisconsin.\nHirschfelder was also a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was awarded the National Medal of Science from President Gerald Ford \u201cfor his fundamental contributions to atomic and molecular quantum mechanics, the theory of the rates of chemical reactions, and the structure and properties of gases and liquids\u201d.The National Academies Press called him \"one of the leading figures in theoretical chemistry during the period 1935\u201390\". In 1991 an award was established in his name by the University of Wisconsin's Theoretical Chemistry Institute \u2013 the annual Joseph O. Hirschfelder Prize in Theoretical Chemistry. He was an elected member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science. His book Molecular theory of gases and liquids is an authoritative text on the kinetic theories of gases and liquids.", "Q257630": "Kindergarten Cop is a 1990 American action comedy film directed by Ivan Reitman and distributed by Universal Pictures. Arnold Schwarzenegger stars as John Kimble, a tough police detective working undercover as a kindergarten teacher to apprehend drug dealer Cullen Crisp (Richard Tyson) before he can get to his ex-wife and son.\nWhile undercover, Kimble discovers his passion for teaching and considers changing his profession to become an educator. Pamela Reed plays his partner, Phoebe O'Hara, and Penelope Ann Miller plays Joyce, the teacher who becomes his love interest. The original music score was composed by Randy Edelman. The film was released in the United States on December 21, 1990.", "Q283307": "Bryce Stuart Mackasey, (August 25, 1921 \u2013 September 5, 1999) was a Canadian Member of Parliament, Cabinet minister, and Ambassador to Portugal.\nBorn in Quebec City, Quebec, he was elected as a Liberal candidate in the riding of Verdun in the 1962 federal election. He was re-elected in the 1963, 1965, 1968, 1972, and 1974 elections. He resigned in 1976 to run in the Quebec provincial election that year, and was elected to the Quebec National Assembly for the riding of Notre-Dame-de-Gr\u00e2ce. He resigned in 1978 to run in a federal by-election in the riding of Ottawa Centre, but was defeated. From 1978 to 1979, he served briefly as President of Air Canada. He was re-elected in the riding of Lincoln in the 1980 election.\nHe held numerous ministerial positions including Labour, Manpower and Immigration, Secretary of State, Postmaster General of Canada and Consumer and Corporate Affairs.\nWhen Mackasey left office in 1984 Prime Minister John Turner appointed him Ambassador to Portugal; this led to Conservative leader Brian Mulroney's famous comment about patronage, \"There's no whore like an old whore\". Mulroney canceled the appointment shortly after he was elected and appointed former Speaker of the House Lloyd Francis in Mackasey's place.\nIn 1970, he received an honorary doctorate from Sir George Williams University, which later became Concordia University.", "Q172346": "Luigi Bartolini (February 8, 1892 \u2013 May 16, 1963) was an Italian painter, writer, and poet. He is most well known for his novel, Bicycle Thieves, upon which the Italian neorealist film directed by Vittorio De Sica and of the same title was based. He published more than 70 books during his lifetime.", "Q258503": "Jess Q. Harnell (born December 23, 1963) is an American voice actor and singer. He voiced Wakko Warner in Animaniacs and Crash Bandicoot in the video game franchise of the same name. Harnell has also been the announcer for America's Funniest Home Videos since 1998.", "Q1054184": "The Khmer Republic (Khmer: \u179f\u17b6\u1792\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u179a\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a, French: R\u00e9publique khm\u00e8re) was the pro\u2013United States military-led republican government of Cambodia that was formally declared on 9 October 1970. Politically, the Khmer Republic was headed by General Lon Nol and Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak that took power in the 18 March 1970 coup against Prince Norodom Sihanouk, then the country's head of state.\nThe main causes of the coup were Norodom Sihanouk's toleration of North Vietnamese activity within Cambodia's borders, allowing heavily armed Vietnamese Communist outfits de facto control over vast areas of eastern Cambodia. Another important factor was the dire state of the Cambodian economy, an indirect result of Sihanouk's policies of pursuing neutrality.With the removal of Sihanouk, the existing Kingdom of Cambodia became a republic, although the throne had been officially vacant for some years since the death of King Norodom Suramarit. The character of the new regime was right-wing and nationalist; most significantly, it ended Sihanouk's period of covert co-operation with the North Vietnamese regime and the Viet Cong, and aligned Cambodia with South Vietnam in the ongoing Second Indochina War. The Khmer Republic was opposed within the Cambodian borders by the Front uni national du Kampuch\u00e9a (FUNK), a relatively broad alliance between Sihanouk, his supporters, and the Communist Party of Kampuchea. The insurgency itself was conducted by the CPNLAF, the Cambodian People's National Liberation Armed Forces: they were backed by both the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the National Liberation Front (NLF, better known as the Viet Cong), who occupied parts of Cambodia as part of their ongoing war with the South Vietnamese government.\nDespite the strongly militaristic character of the Khmer Republic, and quantities of military and financial aid from the United States, its military the Khmer National Armed Forces (Forces arm\u00e9es nationales khm\u00e8res, or FANK) was poorly trained and unable to defeat either the CPNLAF or the Vietnamese forces of the PAVN and NLF. The Republic eventually fell on 17 April 1975, when the Khmer Rouge took Phnom Penh and briefly restored the Kingdom of Cambodia before renaming itself Democratic Kampuchea in January 1976.", "Q765": "Dario Fo (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8da\u02d0rjo \u02c8f\u0254]; 24 March 1926 \u2013 13 October 2016) was an Italian actor, playwright, comedian, singer, theatre director, stage designer, songwriter, painter, political campaigner for the Italian left wing and the recipient of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Literature. In his time he was \"arguably the most widely performed contemporary playwright in world theatre\". Much of his dramatic work depends on improvisation and comprises the recovery of \"illegitimate\" forms of theatre, such as those performed by giullari (medieval strolling players) and, more famously, the ancient Italian style of commedia dell'arte.His plays have been translated into 30 languages and performed across the world, including in Argentina, Chile, Iran, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka Sweden, the UK and Yugoslavia. His work of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s is peppered with criticisms of assassinations, corruption, organised crime, racism, Roman Catholic theology and war. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, he took to lampooning Forza Italia and its leader Silvio Berlusconi, while his targets of the 2010s included the banks amid the European sovereign-debt crisis. Also in the 2010s, he became the main ideologue of the Five Star Movement, the anti-establishment party led by Beppe Grillo, often referred to by its members as \"the Master\".Fo's solo pi\u00e8ce c\u00e9l\u00e8bre, titled Mistero Buffo and performed across Europe, Canada and Latin America over a 30-year period, is recognised as one of the most controversial and popular spectacles in postwar European theatre and has been denounced by Cardinal Ugo Poletti, Cardinal Vicar for the Diocese of Rome, as \"the most blasphemous show in the history of television\". The title of the original English translation of Non Si Paga! Non Si Paga! (Can't Pay? Won't Pay!) has passed into the English language. \"The play captures something universal in actions and reactions of the working class.\"His receipt of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Literature marked the \"international acknowledgment of Fo as a major figure in twentieth-century world theatre\". The Swedish Academy praised Fo as a writer \"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden\". He owned and operated a theatre company. Fo was an atheist.", "Q124100": "Bodybuilding is the use of progressive resistance exercise to control and develop one's musculature for aesthetic purposes. An individual who engages in this activity is referred to as a bodybuilder. In competitive bodybuilding, bodybuilders appear in lineups and perform specified poses (and later individual posing routines) for a panel of judges who rank the competitors based on criteria such as symmetry, muscularity, size, conditioning, posing, and stage presentation. Bodybuilders prepare for competitions through the elimination of nonessential body fat, enhanced at the last stage by a combination of extracellular dehydration and carbohydrate loading, to achieve maximum muscular definition and vascularity, as well as tanning to accentuate the contrast of the skin under the spotlights. Some bodybuilders use anabolic steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs to build muscles; however, competitions usually ban using them because of the health risks or considerations regarding fair competition.\nThe winner of the annual IFBB Mr. Olympia contest is generally recognized as the world's top male professional bodybuilder. Since 1950, the NABBA Universe Championships have been considered the top amateur bodybuilding contests, with notable winners such as Reg Park, Lee Priest, Steve Reeves, and Arnold Schwarzenegger. Winners generally go on to become professional athletes.", "Q69950": "Finsterhennen is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q78685": "Gregor von Rezzori (German pronunciation: [\u0281\u025b\u02c8tso\u02d0\u0281i]; May 13, 1914 \u2013 April 23, 1998), born Gregor Arnulph Hilarius d'Arezzo, was an Austrian-born, Romanian, German-language novelist, memoirist, screenwriter and author of radio plays, as well as an actor, journalist, visual artist, art critic and art collector. He was fluent in German, Romanian, Italian, Polish, Ukrainian, Yiddish, French, and English; during his life, von Rezzori was successively a citizen of Austria-Hungary, Romania, and the Soviet Union, before becoming a stateless person and spending his final years as a citizen of Austria. He married Beatrice Monti della Corte.", "Q11633": "Photography is the art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. It is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication.Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure. With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing. The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically \"developed\" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing. A negative image on film is traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either by using an enlarger or by contact printing.", "Q98017": "Charles, Prince of L\u00f6wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (German: Karl VI, F\u00fcrst zu L\u00f6wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg) (May 21, 1834, Haid, Kingdom of Bohemia, Austrian Empire \u2013 November 8, 1921, Cologne, German Reich) was a German nobleman, the Prince of L\u00f6wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (1849\u20131908), Catholic politician and later a Dominican friar. He was the first President of the Catholic Society of Germany (1868), and a member of the Reichstag from 1871 for the Catholic Centre Party.", "Q14993": "Prosper Antoine Marie Joseph, Viscount Poullet (5 March 1868 \u2013 3 December 1937) was a Belgian politician.\nBorn in Leuven, Poullet studied law at the Catholic University of Leuven and was later a professor at the university. He was of member of K.A.V. Lovania Leuven, a catholic student fraternity associated with the Union of Catholic German Student Fraternities.\nA successful politician, Poullet was a member of the Catholic Party and sat in the Belgian Chamber of Representatives. He frequently held ministerial office between 1911 and 1934, holding the Arts and Science portfolio from 1911 to 1918, Railways and Posts from 1919 to 1920, Interior Minister in 1924\u20131925 and 1932\u20131934, Economic affairs in 1925, Justice in 1925\u20131926 and War in 1926. He served as the 26th Prime Minister of Belgium in 1925\u20131926 and was named an honorary Minister of State on leaving office.\n\n", "Q7604": "Leonhard Euler ( OY-l\u0259r; German: [\u02c8\u0254\u028fl\u0250] (listen); 15 April 1707 \u2013 18 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics, such as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory, while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy and music theory.Euler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of the 18th century and is held to be one of the greatest in history. He is also widely considered to be the most prolific, as his collected works fill 92 volumes, more than anyone else in the field. He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia.\nA statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\"", "Q97324": "Hugo Salzmann (February 4, 1903 in Bad Kreuznach \u2013 1979) was a German trade unionist, Communist in the Weimar Republic, and an Anti-Fascist during and after the Second World War.", "Q62805": "Leopold Schefer (30 July 1784 in Muskau \u2013 13 February 1862 in Muskau), German poet, novelist, and composer, was born in a small town in Upper Lusatia (then under Saxon rule), the only child of a poor country doctor.", "Q120366": "Jeanne Marie Tripplehorn (born June 10, 1963) is an American actress. She began her career in theatre, acting in several plays throughout the early 1990s, including Anton Chekov's Three Sisters on Broadway. Her film career began with the role of a police psychologist in the erotic thriller Basic Instinct (1992). Her other film roles include The Firm (1993), Waterworld (1995) and Sliding Doors (1998). On television, she starred as Barbara Henrickson on the HBO drama series Big Love (2006\u201311) and as Dr. Alex Blake on the CBS police drama Criminal Minds (2012\u201314), and she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for her performance as Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis in the 2009 HBO movie Grey Gardens.", "Q458980": "Marius Oprea (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8mari.us \u02c8opre\u032fa]; born 1964) is a Romanian historian (specialized in recent history), poet and essayist.\nBorn in T\u00e2rgovi\u015fte, he studied history at the University of Bucharest and he has a PhD with a thesis on the role and evolution of the Communist-era secret police, the Securitate between 1948 and 1964 (Rolul \u015fi evolu\u0163ia Securit\u0103\u0163ii, 1948-1964). Oprea currently works as a journalist and researcher at the Romanian Institute of Recent History (IRIR). He also serves as the president of the Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes in RomaniaHe made his debut as a poet in the collective volume Pauza de respira\u0163ie (\"Pause for Breathing\"), together with Simona Popescu, Caius Dobrescu, and Andrei Bodiu.\nMarius Oprea lives with his family in Bra\u015fov.\n\n", "Q3229792": "Leonidas John Guibas (Greek: \u039b\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03af\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2) is the Paul Pigott Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, where he heads the geometric computation group and is a member of the computer graphics and artificial intelligence laboratories.", "Q169000": "16 Blocks is a 2006 American action thriller film directed by Richard Donner and starring Bruce Willis, Mos Def, and David Morse. The film unfolds in the real time narration method. It is Donner's final directorial effort, as he retired the same year the film was released.\n\n", "Q309980": "Edward Charles Morice Fox, (born 13 April 1937) is an English stage, film and television actor.He played the part of the professional assassin, known only as the \"Jackal\", who is hired to assassinate the French president Charles de Gaulle in the summer of 1963, in the film The Day of the Jackal (1973). He is also known for his roles in Battle of Britain (1969), The Go-Between (1971), for which he won a BAFTA award, and The Bounty (1984). He also collaborated with director Richard Attenborough, appearing in his films Oh! What a Lovely War (1969), A Bridge Too Far (1977) and Gandhi (1982).\nHe portrayed Edward VIII in the British television drama series Edward & Mrs. Simpson (1978) and appeared in the historical series Taboo (2017). In addition to film and television work, Fox has also garnered acclaim as a stage actor.", "Q1275": "Hubert Miles Gladwyn Jebb, 1st Baron Gladwyn (25 April 1900 \u2013 24 October 1996), was a prominent British civil servant, diplomat and politician as well as the Acting Secretary-General of the United Nations for a little over three months.", "Q139637": "David Seth Kotkin (born September 16, 1956), known professionally as David Copperfield, is an American magician, described by Forbes as the most commercially successful magician in history.Copperfield's television specials have won 21 Emmy Awards and 38 nominations. Best known for his combination of storytelling and illusion, Copperfield's career of over 40 years has earned him 11 Guinness World Records, a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, a knighthood by the French government, and he has been named a Living Legend by the US Library of Congress.As of 2006, Copperfield has sold 33 million tickets and grossed over US$4 billion, more than any other solo entertainer in history. In 2015, Forbes listed his earnings at $63 million for the previous 12 months and ranked him the 20th highest-earning celebrity in the world.When not performing, he manages his chain of eleven resort islands in the Bahamas, which he calls \"Musha Cay and the Islands of Copperfield Bay\".", "Q2031258": "The Western Electric Company was an American electrical engineering and manufacturing company that was officially founded in 1869 and, as a wholly owned subsidiary of AT&T for most of its lifespan, served as the primary equipment manufacturer, supplier, and purchasing agent for the Bell System from 1881 to 1984 when it was dismantled. The company was responsible for many technological innovations, including the development of the transistor, as well as seminal developments in industrial management.", "Q86229": "Milka Hartman (11 February 1902 \u2013 9 June 1997) was a Slovenian poet.\nShe worked as a teacher for home economics in Slovenia and Carinthia.\nA number of her poems have been set to music by herself and others.", "Q310209": "Jo\u00e3o Fernandes Campos Caf\u00e9 Filho (Portuguese: [\u02c8\u0292u\u0250\u0303w fe\u0281\u02c8n\u0250\u0303d\u0361\u0292is \u02c8k\u0250\u0303pus ka\u02c8f\u025b \u02c8fi\u028eu]; February 3, 1899 \u2013 February 20, 1970) was a Brazilian politician who served as the 18th President of Brazil, taking office upon the suicide of former President Get\u00falio Vargas. He was the first Protestant to occupy the position.", "Q171897": "Felice Bonetto (9 June 1903 in Manerbio, near Brescia, Italy \u2013 21 November 1953 in Silao, Mexico) was a courageous racing driver who earned the nickname Il Pirata (The Pirate).\nHe was a road racing legend, who started racing in the 1930s, and enjoyed a brief Formula One career, including a win in the non-Championship Grande Premio do Jubileu in 1953. During his Formula One career, he raced Italian cars, starting with a privateer Maserati for Scuderia Milano, then the works Alfa Romeo, and finally the works Maserati, achieving two shared podiums finishes in the World Championship. His greatest successes were in sport cars, winner of the 1952 Targa Florio, but his career and life were cut short when he fatally crashed into a lamp post in the 1953 Carrera Panamericana whilst leading.", "Q440117": "James Middleton Cox (March 31, 1870 \u2013 July 15, 1957) was the 46th and 48th Governor of Ohio, a U.S. Representative from Ohio, and the Democratic nominee for President of the United States at the 1920 presidential election. His running mate during his presidential election was future president Franklin D. Roosevelt. He founded the chain of newspapers that continues today as Cox Enterprises, a media conglomerate.\nBorn and raised in Ohio, Cox began his career as a newspaper copy reader before becoming an assistant to Congressman Paul J. Sorg. As owner of the Dayton Daily News, Cox introduced several innovations and crusaded against the local Republican Party boss. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1909-13 before being elected as Governor of Ohio. As governor, Cox introduced a series of progressive reforms and supported Woodrow Wilson's handling of World War I and its aftermath. He was chosen as the Democratic nominee for president on the forty-fourth ballot of the 1920 Democratic National Convention. Running on a ticket with future President Franklin D. Roosevelt as his running mate, Cox suffered the worst popular vote defeat (a 26.17% margin) in presidential election history as the country accepted Republican nominee Warren G. Harding's call for a \"return to normalcy\" after the Wilson years.\nCox retired from public office after the 1920 presidential election to focus on his media conglomerate, which expanded into several cities. By 1939, his media empire extended from Dayton to Miami. He remained active in politics, supporting Roosevelt's campaigns and attending the 1933 London Economic Conference.", "Q311103": "Jeff Bennett (born October 2, 1962) is an American voice actor and singer. His voice roles include Johnny Bravo in the television series of the same name, Dexter's Dad in Dexter's Laboratory, Petrie in the Land Before Time films and television series, The Man With the Yellow Hat in Curious George, Raj and Samson in Camp Lazlo, Dr. Jacques von H\u00e4msterviel in Lilo & Stitch: The Series, Kowalski in The Penguins of Madagascar series, Jonathan Long in American Dragon: Jake Long, Principal Pestrip in The Buzz on Maggie, and various other characters in films, television shows and video games.\nIn 2012, Bennett was awarded an Annie Award for his role in The Penguins of Madagascar and in 2016, he was awarded an Emmy Award for his role in Transformers: Rescue Bots. He has been listed among the top names in the voice-over field.\n\n", "Q176134": "Jacob Read (1752 - July 17, 1816) was an American lawyer and politician from Charleston, South Carolina. He represented South Carolina in both the Continental Congress (1783\u20131785) and the United States Senate (1795\u20131801).", "Q91999": "Hans Schomburgk, (October 28, 1880 in Hamburg \u2013 July 27, 1967 in Berlin) was a German adventurer, filmmaker and until 1912 a big-game hunter.", "Q98003": "Klaus Traube (25 February 1928 \u2013 4 September 2016) was a German engineer and former manager in the German nuclear power industry and one of its leading opponents. He was the victim of an illegal eavesdropping operation by the BfV (the German secret service), because he was falsely suspected of passing on secret information to people sympathizing with terrorism, notably the Red Army Faction.", "Q1304079": "Renato Petit de Ory, better known by its French name, Ren\u00e9 Petit (October 8, 1899 \u2013 October 14, 1989) was a Franco-Spanish engineer, known for being a footballer in his youth. He was one of the most popular players in Spanish football in the 1910s, 1920s and 1930s, playing for Real Madrid and Real Uni\u00f3n, and becoming a member of the French national team.", "Q3559748": "Sir Henry Vincent Meredith, 1st Baronet (February 28, 1850 \u2013 February 24, 1929), was a Canadian banker and philanthropist. He was president of the Bank of Montreal, the Royal Victoria Hospital and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. He was Governor of McGill University and on the board of the Canadian Pacific Railway. His home in Montreal's Golden Square Mile was made a National Historic Site of Canada in 1990 and is today part of McGill University, named Lady Meredith House for his wife.", "Q367095": "Murilo Rubi\u00e3o (1 June 1916 \u2013 16 September 1991) was a Brazilian writer. His entire work consists of short stories, best described as surreal fables in the tradition of Franz Kafka - this being so, Rubi\u00e3o's work must be seen as part of the Magic Realism movement of late 20th-century Latin America. It is said that Rubi\u00e3o was obsessive about his work, revising it at every new edition, always changing a few details, such as characters' names.", "Q91741": "Eckebert (Ekbert, Egbert) (born in the early part of the twelfth century of a distinguished family along the Middle Rhine; died 28 March 1184) was Benedictine Abbot of the Abbey of Sch\u00f6nau, and a writer. \nHe was for a time canon in the collegiate church of Sts. Cassius and Florentius at Bonn. In 1155 he became a Benedictine at Sch\u00f6nau in the Diocese of Trier, and in 1166, after the death of the first abbot, Hildelin, he was placed at the head of the monastery. \nHe preached and wrote much for the salvation of souls and the conversion of heretics. The Cathari, then numerous in the Rhineland, gave him especial concern. While a canon at Bonn he often had occasion to debate with heretics, and after his monastic profession, was invited by Rainald of Dassel, Archbishop of Cologne, to debate publicly with the leaders of the sect in Cologne itself.", "Q1261": "Colorado ( (listen), other variants) is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state. The estimated population of Colorado is 5,758,736 as of 2019, an increase of 14.5% since the 2010 United States Census.The state was named for the Colorado River, which early Spanish explorers named the R\u00edo Colorado (\"Red River\") for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains. The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28, 1861, and on August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed Proclamation 230 admitting Colorado to the Union as the 38th state. Colorado is nicknamed the \"Centennial State\" because it became a state one century after the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.\nColorado is bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas to the east, Oklahoma to the southeast, New Mexico to the south, Utah to the west, and touches Arizona to the southwest at the Four Corners. Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers and desert lands. Colorado is part of the western and southwestern United States and is one of the Mountain States.\nDenver is the capital and most populous city of Colorado. Residents of the state are known as Coloradans, although the antiquated term \"Coloradoan\" is occasionally used.", "Q685595": "De La Soul is an American hip hop trio formed in 1988 in the Amityville area of Long Island, New York. They are best known for their eclectic sampling, quirky lyrics, and their contributions to the evolution of the jazz rap and alternative hip hop subgenres. The members are Posdnuos, Trugoy and Maseo. The three formed the group in high school and caught the attention of producer Prince Paul with a demo tape of the song \"Plug Tunin'\". With its playful wordplay, innovative sampling, and witty skits, the band's debut album, 3 Feet High and Rising, has been called \"a hip hop masterpiece.\"The album was the band's biggest commercial success to date, with subsequent ones selling progressively less, despite receiving high praise from critics. They were influential in the early stages of rapper/actor Mos Def's career, and are a core part of the Spitkicker collective. They are the second longest standing Native Tongues group, after the Jungle Brothers. In 2006, the group won a Grammy for their collaboration with Gorillaz on the single \"Feel Good Inc.\"In early 2015, they announced plans to release a Kickstarter-funded upcoming 9th studio album And the Anonymous Nobody in September 2015; it was released on August 26, 2016. The album tracks are said to be the result of multiple improvised jam sessions. The album also features guest appearances from artists such as Damon Albarn, Little Dragon, David Byrne, 2 Chainz and Snoop Dogg.", "Q351527": "Gaetano Mosca (Italian pronunciation: [\u0261ae\u02c8ta\u02d0no \u02c8moska]; 1 April 1858 \u2013 8 November 1941) was an Italian political scientist, journalist and public servant. He is credited with developing the elite theory and the doctrine of the political class and is one of the three members constituting the Italian school of elitism together with Vilfredo Pareto and Robert Michels.\n\n", "Q483148": "Michael Clarke Duncan (December 10, 1957 \u2013 September 3, 2012) was an American actor best known for his breakout role as John Coffey in The Green Mile (1999), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and various similar honors. He also appeared in motion pictures such as Armageddon (1998), The Whole Nine Yards (2000), The Scorpion King (2002), Daredevil (2003), and Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006), and had voice roles in films such as Brother Bear (2003), Kung Fu Panda (2008) and Green Lantern (2011).", "Q2924981": "Brian Quinn, CBE (born 1936 in Glasgow) is a Scottish economist and former football club chairman. He is an honorary Professor of economics at Glasgow University. He is best known for his spell as the Chairman of Celtic Plc board.", "Q129430": "Thomas Taber II (May 19, 1785 \u2013 March 21, 1862) was a United States Representative from New York.\nTaber was born in Dover, New York, and attended the common schools. He worked in agriculture before becoming a member of the New York State Assembly in 1826.\nTaber was elected as a Jacksonian to the Twentieth United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Thomas Jackson Oakley and served from November 5, 1828, to March 3, 1829.\nHe died in the village of Roslyn on Long Island at age 76 and was buried at the Friends Cemetery in Westbury. He was the father of Stephen Taber, also a Congressman.", "Q921160": "K\u00e5re Bluitgen (10 May 1959) is a Danish writer and journalist whose works include a biography of Muhammad. In the 1970s Bluitgen was politically active on the Danish left, namely within the Left Socialists.", "Q67969": "Grancia is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.", "Q717785": "Li Shufu (simplified Chinese: \u674e\u4e66\u798f; traditional Chinese: \u674e\u66f8\u798f; pinyin: L\u01d0 Sh\u016bf\u00fa; born 25 June 1963), is a Chinese billionaire businessman, and the chairman of Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co. Ltd. and Volvo Cars.", "Q285762": "Paris Underground, also known as Madame Pimpernel, is a 1945 film directed by Gregory Ratoff, and based on the memoir of the same title by Etta Shiber.\nThe film stars Constance Bennett and Gracie Fields as an American and an Englishwoman trapped in Paris when Nazi Germany invades in 1940, who rescue British airmen shot down in France and help them escape across the English Channel. This was also Bennett's only producing credit. The film's sets were designed by the art director Nicolai Remisoff.\nAlexandre Tansman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score (one of 21 nominations that year).", "Q365682": "Gordon Roger Alexander Buchanan Parks (November 30, 1912 \u2013 March 7, 2006) was an American photographer, musician, writer and film director, who became prominent in U.S. documentary photojournalism in the 1940s through 1970s\u2014particularly in issues of civil rights, poverty and African-Americans\u2014and in glamour photography.As the first famous pioneer among black filmmakers, he was the first African American to produce and direct major motion pictures\u2014developing films relating the experience of slaves and struggling black Americans, and creating the \"blaxploitation\" genre. He is best remembered for his iconic photos of poor Americans during the 1940s (taken for a federal government project), for his photographic essays for Life magazine, and as the director of the 1971 film Shaft. Parks also was an author, poet and composer. \n\n", "Q85734": "Dr. Ulrich Maly (born 8 August 1960) is a German politician, a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany who has served as the Mayor of Nuremberg since 2002.\n\n", "Q444365": "Felicia Pearson (born May 18, 1980) is an American actress, rapper and author. She played Felicia \"Snoop\" Pearson on The Wire and wrote an 2007 autobiographical memoir titled Grace After Midnight detailing her troubled childhood and time spent in prison for second-degree murder.", "Q2768": "Torino Football Club (Italian pronunciation: [to\u02c8ri\u02d0no]), commonly referred to as Torino or simply Toro, is an Italian professional football club based in Turin, Piedmont. It currently plays in Serie A.\nFounded as Foot-Ball Club Torino in 1906, Torino are among the most successful clubs in Italy with seven league titles, including five consecutive league titles during the 1940s. The Grande Torino, as the team was known, was widely recognised as one of the strongest footballing sides of the period, until the entire team was killed in the 1949 Superga air disaster. They have also won the Coppa Italia five times, the last of which was in the 1992\u201393 season. Internationally, Torino won the Mitropa Cup in 1991 and were finalists in the UEFA Cup in 1991\u201392.\nTorino plays all of its home games at the Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino (also known as the Stadio Comunale \"Vittorio Pozzo\" until 2006). The club's colour is maroon, and its symbol is a rampant bull, the traditional symbol of the city of Turin, from which the club's nickname is derived, \"Il Toro\" (The Bull).\n\n", "Q269912": "Into the Wild is a 2007 American biographical adventure drama film written, co-produced, and directed by Sean Penn. It is an adaptation of the book of the same name written by Jon Krakauer and tells the story of Christopher McCandless, a man who hiked across North America into the Alaskan wilderness in the early 1990s. The film stars Emile Hirsch as McCandless and Marcia Gay Harden and William Hurt as his parents; it also features Jena Malone, Catherine Keener, Brian Dierker, Vince Vaughn, Kristen Stewart, and Hal Holbrook.\nThe film premiered during the 2007 Rome Film Fest and later opened outside Fairbanks, Alaska on September 21, 2007. It was nominated for two Golden Globes and won the award for Best Original Song: \"Guaranteed\" by Eddie Vedder. It was also nominated for two Academy Awards: Best Editing and Best Supporting Actor for Holbrook.", "Q283313": "Richard Holt Hutton (2 June 1826 \u2013 9 September 1897) was an English journalist of literature and religion.", "Q172352": "Robert O'Brien (born April 11, 1908, Lyndhurst, New Jersey \u2013 died February 10, 1987, Hackensack, New Jersey) was a racing driver from the United States. He participated in one Formula One Grand Prix, on June 22, 1952. He was unclassified in the race results, finishing six laps behind the winner, and scored no championship points.", "Q134307": "A portrait is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face and its expression is predominant. The intent is to display the likeness, personality, and even the mood of the person. For this reason, in photography a portrait is generally not a snapshot, but a composed image of a person in a still position. A portrait often shows a person looking directly at the painter or photographer, in order to most successfully engage the subject with the viewer.", "Q771": "Massachusetts ( (listen), ), officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It borders on the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The capital of Massachusetts is Boston, which is also the most populous city in New England. It is home to the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution. During the 20th century, Massachusetts's economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance, and maritime trade.Plymouth was the site of the second colony in New England after Popham Colony in 1607 in what is now Maine. Plymouth was founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, passengers of the Mayflower. In 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America's most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances, including interchangeable parts. In 1786, Shays' Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept the Atlantic World, originated from the pulpit of Northampton preacher Jonathan Edwards. In the late 18th century, Boston became known as the \"Cradle of Liberty\" for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution.\nThe entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a powerful scientific, commercial, and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist, temperance, and transcendentalist movements. In the late 19th century, the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. In 2004, Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to legally recognize same-sex marriage as a result of the decision in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams and Kennedy families. Harvard University in Cambridge is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, with the largest financial endowment of any university, and Harvard Law School has educated a contemporaneous majority of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Kendall Square in Cambridge has been called \"the most innovative square mile on the planet\", in reference to the high concentration of entrepreneurial start-ups and quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010. Both Harvard and MIT, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Massachusetts' public-school students place among the top tier in the world in academic performance; and according to the World Population Review's 2020 ranking, Massachusetts' residents demonstrated the highest average IQ of all U.S. states. The state has been ranked as one of the top states in the United States for citizens to live in, as well as one of the most expensive.", "Q3476": "L'Aquila ( LAK-wil-\u0259, Italian: [\u02c8la\u02d0kwila] (listen); meaning \"The Eagle\") is a city and comune in Central Italy, both the capital city of the Abruzzo region and of the Province of L'Aquila. As of 2013, it has a population of 70,967 inhabitants. Laid out within medieval walls on a hill in the wide valley of the Aterno river, it is surrounded by the Apennine Mountains, with the Gran Sasso d'Italia to the north-east.\nL'Aquila sits upon a hillside in the middle of a narrow valley; tall snow-capped mountains of the Gran Sasso massif flank the town. A maze of narrow streets, lined with Baroque and Renaissance buildings and churches, open onto elegant piazzas. Home to the University of L'Aquila, it is a lively college town and, as such, has many cultural institutions: a repertory theatre, a symphony orchestra, a fine-arts academy, a state conservatory, a film institute. There are several ski resorts in the surrounding province (Campo Imperatore, Ovindoli, Pescasseroli, Roccaraso, Scanno).\n\n", "Q152082": "Ronald Ellis Canada (born May 3, 1949) is an American journalist and actor with a specialty in portraying judges and detectives.", "Q559320": "Karel Van Wijnendaele, pseudonym of Carolus Ludovicius Steyaert (Torhout, 16 November 1882 - Deinze, 20 December 1961), was a Flemish sports journalist. He was the founder and first organizer of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic.\n\n", "Q11627": "Charles Thompson IV (born April 6, 1965) is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is best known as the frontman of the alternative rock band Pixies, with whom he performs under the stage name Black Francis. Following the band's breakup in 1993, he embarked on a solo career under the name Frank Black. After releasing two albums with record label 4AD and one with American Recordings, he left the label and formed a new band, Frank Black and the Catholics. He re-adopted the name Black Francis in 2007.\nHis vocal style has varied from a screaming, yowling delivery as lead vocalist of the Pixies to a more measured and melodic style in his solo career. His cryptic lyrics mostly explore unconventional subjects, such as surrealism, incest, and biblical violence, along with science fiction and surf culture. His use of atypical meter signatures, loud\u2013quiet dynamics, and distinct preference for live-to-two-track recording during his time with the Catholics, give him a distinct style within alternative rock.Thompson regrouped the Pixies in early 2004, but continued to release solo records and tour as a solo artist until 2013, when he declared his solo career to be over.", "Q1356059": "Keith Robert Andreassi DeCandido (born April 18, 1969) is an American science fiction and fantasy writer and musician, who works on comic books, novels, role-playing games and video games, including numerous media tie-in books for properties such as Star Trek, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Doctor Who, Supernatural, Andromeda, Farscape, Leverage, Spider-Man, X-Men, Sleepy Hollow, and Stargate SG-1.\n\n", "Q442072": "Fran\u00e7ois Marcantoni (28 May 1920 in Alzi, Corsica \u2013 17 August 2010 in Paris) was a Corsican gangster, member of French resistance, a bank robber and a writer.", "Q31291": "Herbrand Arthur Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford (19 February 1858 \u2013 27 August 1940) was an English politician and peer. He was the son of Francis Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford and his wife Lady Elizabeth Sackville-West, daughter of George Sackville-West, 5th Earl De La Warr.", "Q36": "Poland (Polish: Polska [\u02c8p\u0254lska] (listen)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska [\u0290\u025bt\u0361\u0282p\u0254\u02c8sp\u0254lita \u02c8p\u0254lska] (listen)), is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of nearly 38.5 million people, Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Krak\u00f3w, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Wroc\u0142aw, Pozna\u0144, Gda\u0144sk, and Szczecin.\nPoland is bordered by the Baltic Sea, Lithuania, and Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west.\nThe history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years. Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse, with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain. However, it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name. The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest (over 1,000,000 square kilometres \u2013 400,000 square miles) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe's first written national constitution, the Constitution of 3 May 1791.\nWith the passing of prominence and prosperity, the country was partitioned by neighbouring states at the end of the 18th century, and regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. After a series of territorial conflicts, the new multi-ethnic Poland restored its position as a key player in European politics. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Germany, followed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact. Around six million Polish citizens, including 90% of the country's Jews, perished in the war. In 1947, the Polish People's Republic was established as a satellite state under Soviet influence. In the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, most notably through the emergence of the Solidarity movement, Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.\nPoland has a developed market and is a regional power in Central Europe, with the largest stock exchange in the East-Central European zone. It has the sixth largest economy by GDP (nominal) in the European Union and the tenth largest in all of Europe. It's one of the most dynamic economies in the world, simultaneously achieving a very high rank on the Human Development Index. Poland is a developed country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education, and economic freedom. Alongside a developed educational system, the state also provides free university education, social security, and a universal health care system. The country has 16 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 15 of which are cultural.Poland is a member state of the Schengen Area, the United Nations, NATO, the OECD, the Three Seas Initiative, the Visegr\u00e1d Group, and guested at the G20.", "Q57114": "Jens Gerhard Lehmann (pronounced [\u02c8j\u025bns \u02c8le\u02d0man]; born 10 November 1969) is a retired German footballer who played as a goalkeeper.\nHe was voted UEFA Club Goalkeeper of the Year for the 1996\u201397 and 2005\u201306 seasons, and was selected for three World Cup squads. He was a member of Arsenal's 'Invincibles', playing every match of their unbeaten title-winning season in 2003\u201304. He also holds the UEFA Champions League record for the most consecutive clean sheets, not conceding a single goal in 10 consecutive matches while he played for Arsenal.", "Q172434": "Herbert MacKay-Fraser (June 23, 1927 \u2013 July 14, 1957) was a racing driver from the United States, born in Pernambuco, Brazil. He participated in one Formula One World Championship grand prix, the 1957 French Grand Prix, on July 7, 1957. He retired from the race and scored no championship points. A week later he was killed in the Coupe de Vitesse at Reims-Gueux, when he crashed his Lotus.", "Q48034": "Vasiliy Ivanovich Petrov (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432; 15 January [O.S. 2 January] 1917 \u2013 1 February 2014) was a senior Russian military official and Marshal of the Soviet Union.\n\n", "Q1416632": "The Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Financial University) (Russian: \u0424\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438) or just the FinU earlier known as \"Moscow Institute of Economics and Finance\" (1919\u20131946), \"Moscow Finance Institute\" (1946\u20131990), \"State Finance Academy\" (1991\u20131992) or \"Finance Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation\" (1992\u20132010), is a federal state-funded institution of higher professional education located in Moscow, Russia.\nIt is considered among top 5 universities in Russia according to Forbes and RBC as well as one of the oldest Russian universities preparing economists, financiers, bankers and financial lawyers.The Financial University consists of 14 faculties, 40 departments, 3 institutes, 2 high schools, 2 research institutes, 8 centers, 2 training \u2013 science laboratories, a network of regional offices \u2013 11 branches and 4 offices open in seven regions of Russia.\nUniversity is well known for its strong alumni network and famous graduates (third wealthiest person in Russia Mikhail Prokhorov, Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Khloponin, Finance Minister Anton Siluanov, Governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai Lev Kuznetsov, CEO of Gazprombank Andrey Akimov and some others) who take up leading positions in politics, business and academia. According to CEO magazine, the Financial University is ranked first in the country in terms of number of billionaires who studied there.", "Q134461": "Titus Flavius Josephus (; Greek: \u03a6\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f38\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2; 37 \u2013 c. 100), born Yosef ben Matityahu (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05d1\u05df \u05de\u05ea\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5, Yosef ben Matityahu; Greek: \u1f38\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03c4\u03b8\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2), was a first-century Romano-Jewish historian who was born in Jerusalem\u2014then part of Roman Judea\u2014to a father of priestly descent and a mother who claimed royal ancestry.\nHe initially fought against the Romans during the First Jewish\u2013Roman War as head of Jewish forces in Galilee, until surrendering in 67 CE to Roman forces led by Vespasian after the six-week siege of Jotapata. Josephus claimed the Jewish Messianic prophecies that initiated the First Roman-Jewish War made reference to Vespasian becoming Emperor of Rome. In response Vespasian decided to keep Josephus as a slave and presumably interpreter. After Vespasian became Emperor in 69 CE, he granted Josephus his freedom, at which time Josephus assumed the emperor's family name of Flavius.Flavius Josephus fully defected to the Roman side and was granted Roman citizenship. He became an advisor and friend of Vespasian's son Titus, serving as his translator when Titus led the Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Since the siege proved ineffective at stopping the Jewish revolt, the city's destruction and the looting and destruction of Herod's Temple (Second Temple) soon followed.\nJosephus recorded Jewish history, with special emphasis on the first century CE and the First Jewish\u2013Roman War (66\u201370 CE), including the Siege of Masada. His most important works were The Jewish War (c. 75) and Antiquities of the Jews (c. 94). The Jewish War recounts the Jewish revolt against Roman occupation. Antiquities of the Jews recounts the history of the world from a Jewish perspective for an ostensibly Greek and Roman audience. These works provide valuable insight into first century Judaism and the background of Early Christianity, although not specifically mentioned by Josephus. Josephus' works are the chief source next to the Bible for the history and antiquity of ancient Palestine.", "Q95241": "Chief Horst Ulrich Beier, commonly known as Ulli Beier (30 July 1922 \u2013 3 April 2011), was a German editor, writer and scholar who had a pioneering role in developing literature, drama and poetry in Nigeria, as well as literature, drama and poetry in Papua New Guinea. His second wife, Georgina Beier, born in London, had a similarly instrumental role in stimulating the visual arts during their residencies in both Nigeria and Papua New Guinea.", "Q1372851": "Eugen Ruge (born 24 June 1954 in Sosva, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Soviet Union) is a German writer, director and translator from Russian. In 2011 he won the German Book Prize for In Times of Fading Light.", "Q129356": "Karl Egon Ebert (1801, Prague \u2013 1882, Sm\u00edchov) was a Bohemian German poet, born in Prague.\nHis poems, dramatic and lyric, are collected in 7 volumes, and enjoy a wide popularity in his country. He composed a poem called \"Das erste Veilchen\", or \"The First Violet\", which was set to music by Felix Mendelssohn.", "Q55703": "Bartosz Adam Ar\u0142ukowicz (born 31 December 1971 in Resko) is a Polish center-left politician and pediatrician. He served as a Minister of Health from October 18, 2011 until June 10, 2015 under Donald Tusk and then Ewa Kopacz and is a member of Sejm since 2007. From 2004 he was a member of Social Democracy of Poland, then parliamentary group Social Democracy of Poland - New Left from April to December 2008, then Left Wing from 2009 to 2011 and then Labour United (its leader claims he became a member in 2009, Ar\u0142ukowicz says he finally did not fill in the declaration). From 2009 till 2010 he was a vice-chairman of special parliamentary commission meant to investigate so-called gambling afera. After resigning he was installed on newly created chair Prime Minister's plenipotentiary responsible for encountering social exclusion. In October 2011 Ar\u0142ukowicz started governmental career after previous minister Ewa Kopacz was chosen Marshal of the Sejm and his seat was liquidated. In 2013 he became a member of Civic Platform. In June 2015, he announced his resignation from ministerial function following the tape crisis (due to it 3 ministers and Marshall of the Sejm were forced to resign even though Ar\u0142ukowicz was not personally involved or recorded). He got replaced by cardiac surgeon Marian Zembala.", "Q33486": "Hartford is the capital city of the U.S. state of Connecticut. It was the seat of Hartford County until Connecticut disbanded county government in 1960. It is the core city in the Greater Hartford metropolitan area. Census estimates since the 2010 United States Census have indicated that Hartford is the fourth-largest city in Connecticut, behind the coastal cities of Bridgeport, New Haven, and Stamford.Hartford was founded in 1635 and is among the oldest cities in the United States. It is home to the country's oldest public art museum (Wadsworth Atheneum), the oldest publicly funded park (Bushnell Park), the oldest continuously published newspaper (the Hartford Courant), and the second-oldest secondary school (Hartford Public High School). It is also home to the Mark Twain House, where the author wrote his most famous works and raised his family, among other historically significant sites. Mark Twain wrote in 1868, \"Of all the beautiful towns it has been my fortune to see this is the chief.\"\nHartford was the richest city in the United States for several decades following the American Civil War. Today, it is one of the poorest cities in the U.S., with 3 out of every 10 families living below the poverty threshold. In sharp contrast, the Greater Hartford metropolitan statistical area was ranked 32nd of 318 metropolitan areas in total economic production and 8th out of 280 metropolitan statistical areas in per capita income in 2015.Nicknamed the \"Insurance Capital of the World\", Hartford holds high sufficiency as a global city, as home to the headquarters of many insurance companies, the region's major industry. Other prominent industries include the services, education and healthcare industries. Hartford coordinates certain Hartford-Springfield regional development matters through the Knowledge Corridor Economic Partnership.", "Q245546": "The 6th arrondissement of Paris (VIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as sixi\u00e8me.\nThe arrondissement, called Luxembourg, is situated on the left bank of the River Seine. It includes world-famous educational institutions such as the \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des Beaux-Arts, the \u00c9cole des hautes \u00e9tudes en sciences sociales and the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise, the seat of the French Senate as well as a concentration of some of Paris's most famous monuments such as Saint-Germain Abbey and square, St. Sulpice Church and square, the Pont des Arts, and the Jardin du Luxembourg.\nThis central arrondissement, which includes the historic districts of Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s (surrounding the Abbey founded in the 6th century) and Luxembourg (surrounding the Palace and its Gardens), has played a major role throughout Paris history and is well known for its caf\u00e9 culture and the revolutionary intellectualism (see: existentialism, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir) and literature (see: Paul \u00c9luard, Boris Vian, Albert Camus, Fran\u00e7oise Sagan) it has hosted.\nWith its world-famous cityscape, deeply rooted intellectual tradition, prestigious history, beautiful architecture, and central location, the arrondissement has long been home to French intelligentsia. It is a major locale for art galleries and fashion stores and one of the most fashionable districts of Paris as well as Paris' most expensive area. The arrondissement is one of France's richest district in terms of average income; it is part of Paris Ouest alongside the 7th, 8th, and 16th arrondissements, and Neuilly-sur-Seine, but has a much more bohemian and intellectual reputation than the others.", "Q515880": "The Dutch Reformed Church (Dutch: Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk, abbreviated NHK) was the largest Christian denomination in the Netherlands from the onset of the Protestant Reformation until 1930. It was the foremost Protestant denomination, and\u2014since 1892\u2014one of the two major Reformed denominations along with the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands.\nIt spread to the United States, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Brazil, and various other world regions through the Dutch colonization. It was the original denomination of the Dutch Royal Family until being merged into the Protestant Church in the Netherlands, a United church of both Reformed and Evangelical Lutheran theological orientations. The allegiance to the Dutch Reformed Church was a common feature among Dutch immigrant communities around the world, and became a crucial part of Afrikaner nationalism in South Africa.\nIt developed during the Protestant Reformation, being shaped theologically by John Calvin, but also other major Reformed theologians. It was founded in 1571. The Dutch Reformed Church was shaped by various theological developments and controversies during its history, including Arminianism, the Nadere Reformatie and a number of splits in the 19th century that greatly diversified Dutch Calvinism. The church functioned until 2004, the year it merged with the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands to form the Protestant Church in the Netherlands. At the time of the merger, the Church had 2 million members organised in 1,350 congregations. A minority of members of the church chose not to participate in the merger and instead formed the Restored Reformed Church.", "Q319239": "Tel Aviv University (TAU) (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d5\u05bc\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05d1\u05b6\u05e8\u05b0\u05e1\u05b4\u05d9\u05d8\u05b7\u05ea \u05ea\u05b5\u05bc\u05dc-\u05d0\u05b8\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u05d1, Universitat Tel Aviv) is a public research university in Tel Aviv, Israel. With over 30,000 students, it is the largest university in the country. Located in northwest Tel Aviv, the university is the center of teaching and research of the city, comprising 9 faculties, 17 teaching hospitals, 18 performing arts centers, 27 schools, 106 departments, 340 research centers, and 400 laboratories.\nBesides being the largest university in Israel, Tel Aviv University is also the largest Jewish university in the world. It originated in 1956 when three education units merged to form the university. The original 170-acre campus was expanded and now makes up 220 acres (89 hectares) in Tel Aviv's Ramat Aviv neighborhood. It regularly ranks among the top academic institutions in the world by the THE World University Rankings, QS World University Rankings, and the Shanghai Ranking.", "Q3134009": "Jesus Heriberto Felix Guerra (Culiacan, Sinaloa, March 12 of 1962) is a Mexican economist and entrepreneur invited to the policy since 2004, a supporter of the National Action Party. He graduated in economics from the Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey. He served as Secretary of Social Development of Mexico by appointment of then President Felipe Calderon Hinojosa since December 9 of 2009 to November 30 of 2012.\n\n", "Q87645": "Alfred G\u00fcrtler (30 October 1875 \u2013 15 March 1933) was an Austrian statistician, economist and politician who served as Austrian Finance Minister from 1921 to 1922. Before becoming a politician, G\u00fcrtler was a professor of statistics at the University of Graz.", "Q111811": "Gerhard Thielcke (February 14, 1931 K\u00f6then, Germany \u2013 July 22, 2007 Radolfzell, Germany) was a German environmentalist, professor and co-founder of the Bund f\u00fcr Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland (BUND: League for the environment and nature conservation, Germany), an important German environmental organization.\nThielcke died on July 22, 2007 in Radolfzell, Germany.", "Q96990": "Christiane Wilhelmine Sophie von K\u00fchn (March 17, 1782 \u2013 March 19, 1797) was the love interest and eventual fianc\u00e9e of the German Romantic poet and philosopher Friedrich von Hardenberg, known to many simply as Novalis. Her image famously appears in Novalis\u2019 Hymns to the Night, a foundational text of the literary movement known as German Romanticism. \nAlthough Novalis\u2019s love for Sophie has assumed mythic proportions, their time together was short and uneventful. The two met on November 17, 1794 when Novalis was twenty-two and Sophie was only twelve. They became engaged on Sophie's thirteenth birthday March 17, 1795. Sophie became sick in November 1795, and her sickness continued until her death at the age of 15 in March 1797. The loss of Sophie brought about a deep period of mourning and suffering in Novalis' life. Even so, he became engaged to Julie von Charpentier in December 1798. \nThe depth of Sophie\u2019s love for Novalis is uncertain given her young age. Some of her diary entries, found in Wm. O\u2019Brien's Novalis: Signs of Revolution, provide some insight into her relationship with Novalis:\n\nMarch 1. Today Hartenberch visited again nothing happened.\nMarch 11. We were alone today and nothing at all happened.\nMarch 12. Today was like yesterday nothing at all happened.\nMarch 13. Today was repentance day and Hartenb. was here. \nMarch 14. Today Hartenber. was still here he got a letter from his brother.Sophie had a sister, Caroline von K\u00fchn, and a stepsister, Wilhelmine von Th\u00fcmmel.\nLudwig Tieck's biography of Novalis describes Sophie, saying: \"Even as a child, she gave an impression which--because it was so gracious and spiritually lovely--we must call superearthly or heavenly, while through this radiant and almost transparent countenance of hers we would be struck with the fear that it was too tender and delicately woven for this life, that it was death or immortality which looked at us so penetratingly from those shining eyes; and only too often a rapid withering motion turned our fear into an actual reality.\" von K\u00fchn and Novalis' relationship is the focus of the 1995 novel The Blue Flower by Penelope Fitzgerald.", "Q311665": "Ernest Gaston Joseph Solvay (French: [s\u0254lv\u025b]; 16 April 1838 \u2013 26 May 1922) was a Belgian chemist, industrialist and philanthropist.\nBorn in Rebecq, he was prevented by his acute pleurisy from going to university. He worked in his uncle's chemical factory from the age of 21.\nIn 1861, he developed the ammonia-soda process for the manufacturing of soda ash (anhydrous sodium carbonate) from brine (as a source of sodium chloride) and limestone (as a source of calcium carbonate). The process was an improvement over the earlier Leblanc process.\nHe founded the company Solvay & Cie and established his first factory at Couillet (now merged into Charleroi, Belgium) in 1863 and further perfected the process until 1872, when he patented it. Soon, Solvay process plants were established in the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany and Austria. Today, about 70 Solvay process plants are still operational worldwide.\nThe exploitation of his patents brought Solvay considerable wealth, which he used for philanthropic purposes, including the establishment in 1894 of the \"Institut des Sciences Sociales\" (ISS) or Institute for Sociology at the Free University of Brussels (now split into the Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel), as well as International Institutes for Physics and Chemistry. In 1903, he founded the Solvay Business School which is also part of the Free University of Brussels. In 1911, he began a series of important conferences in physics, known as the Solvay Conferences, whose participants included luminaries such as Max Planck, Ernest Rutherford, Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie, Henri Poincar\u00e9, and (then only 32 years old) Albert Einstein. A later conference would include Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger.\nHe was twice elected to the Belgian Senate for the Liberal Party and granted honorary title of Minister of State at the end of his life. Solvay, New York and Rosignano Solvay, the locations of the first Solvay process plants in the United States and in Italy, are also named after him.\nSolvay died at Ixelles at the age of 84 and is buried in the Ixelles Cemetery.", "Q65818": "Tobel-T\u00e4gerschen is a municipality in the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.\nThe municipality was created in 1999 by a merger of T\u00e4gerschen and Tobel.", "Q7176": "Naguib Mahfouz (Egyptian Arabic: \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u200e, romanized: Nag\u012bb Ma\u1e25f\u016b\u1e93, IPA: [n\u00e6\u02c8\u0261i\u02d0b m\u0251\u0127\u02c8fu\u02d0z\u02e4]; December 11, 1911 \u2013 August 30, 2006) was an Egyptian writer who won the 1988 Nobel Prize for Literature. He is regarded as one of the first contemporary writers of Arabic literature, along with Taha Hussein, to explore themes of existentialism. He published 34 novels, over 350 short stories, dozens of movie scripts, hundreds of op-ed columns for Egyptian newspapers, and five plays over a 70-year career. Many of his works have been made into Egyptian and foreign films.", "Q349591": "Adam Green (born May 28, 1981) is an American singer-songwriter, artist and filmmaker.\nGreen is well known for his involvement in the Anti-folk music movement and as one half of the band The Moldy Peaches. Green has found success as a solo artist, enjoying increasing popularity in the United States as well as a number of European countries, particularly Germany.", "Q1498": "Uttar Pradesh (; [\u02c8\u028at\u02d0\u0259\u027e p\u027e\u0259\u02c8de\u02d0\u0283] (listen)) (meaning :northern province) is a state in northern India. With roughly 200 million inhabitants, it is the most populous state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It was created on 1 April 1937 as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh during British rule, and was renamed Uttar Pradesh in 1950. The state is divided into 18 divisions and 75 districts with the capital being Lucknow. On 9 November 2000, a new state, Uttarakhand, was carved out from the state's Himalayan hill region. The two major rivers of the state, the Ganga and Yamuna, join at Allahabad (Prayagraj) and then flow as the Ganga further east. Hindi is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state, along with Urdu.\nThe state is bordered by Rajasthan to the west, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi to the northwest, Uttarakhand and Nepal to the north, Bihar to the east, Madhya Pradesh to the south, and touches the states of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh to the southeast. It covers 243,290 square kilometres (93,933 sq mi), equal to 7.34% of the total area of India, and is the fourth-largest Indian state by area. Agriculture and service industries are the largest parts of the state's economy. The service sector comprises travel and tourism, hotel industry, real estate, insurance and financial consultancies. The economy of Uttar Pradesh is the fifth-largest state economy in India with \u20b915.42 lakh crore (US$220 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of \u20b961,000 (US$860). Uttar Pradesh ranks 35th among Indian states in human development index. President's rule has been imposed in Uttar Pradesh ten times since 1968, for different reasons and for a total of 1,700 days.The natives of the state are generally called UP-waale, or more specifically either Awadhi, Bagheli, Bhojpuri, Braji, Bundeli, Kannauji, or Rohilkhandi depending upon their region of origin. Hinduism is practised by more than three-fourths of the population, with Islam being the next largest religious group. Uttar Pradesh was home to powerful empires of ancient and medieval India. The state has several historical, natural, and religious tourist destinations, such as Agra, Ayodhya, Vrindavan, Lucknow, Mathura, Varanasi, Allahabad and Gorakhpur.", "Q234220": "Laura San Giacomo (born November 14, 1962) is an American actress. She is known for playing Cynthia in the film Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989), Kit De Luca in the film Pretty Woman (1990), Nadine Cross in The Stand (1994), and Maya Gallo on the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! (1997\u20132003). A BAFTA Award and two-time Golden Globe Award nominee, she also played the regular role of Rhetta Rodriguez on the TNT drama Saving Grace (2007\u20132010), and the recurring role of Dr. Grace Confalone on the CBS drama NCIS (2016\u201319).", "Q232889": "Shirley Henderson (born 24 November 1965) is a Scottish actress. Her film roles include Gail in Trainspotting (1996), Jude in the three Bridget Jones films (2001/04/16), and Moaning Myrtle in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005). Her other films include Topsy-Turvy (1999), Wilbur Wants to Kill Himself (2002), Frozen (2005), Miss Pettigrew Lives for a Day (2008), Anna Karenina (2012), and the Netflix film Okja (2017). \nHenderson starred opposite Robert Carlyle in the BBC series Hamish Macbeth (1995\u201397), and played Frances Drummond in the BBC drama Happy Valley (2016). She was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Supporting Actress for the Channel 4 miniseries Southcliffe (2013), for the Canadian Screen Award for Best Actress for her performance in the 2017 film Never Steady, Never Still, and won the 2018 Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her role as Elizabeth in the original production of Girl from the North Country.", "Q265709": "Xiao Qiang (Chinese: \u8427\u5f3a; pinyin: Xi\u0101o Qi\u00e1ng) is the Director and Research Scientist of the Counter-Power Lab, an interdisciplinary faculty-student research group focusing on digital rights and internet freedom, based in the School of Information, UC Berkeley. Xiao is an adjunct professor at the School of Information (2012 \u2013 present) and the Graduate School of Journalism (2003 - 2011), at the University of California, Berkeley. He is also the Founder and Editor-in-Chief of China Digital Times, a bilingual China news website (2003 - present). \nXiao teaches classes Digital Activism, Internet Freedom and Blogging China at both the School of Information and the Graduate School of Journalism, University of California at Berkeley. In fall 2003, Xiao launched China Digital Times to explore how to apply cutting edge technologies to aggregate, contextualize and translate online information from and about China. His current research focuses on state censorship, propaganda and disinformation, as well as emerging big data and AI-empowered state surveillance mechanisms in China.", "Q202792": "Rebecca Alie Romijn ( roh-MAYN; Dutch: [ro\u02d0\u02c8m\u025bin]; born November 6, 1972) is an American actress and former model. She is known for her role as Mystique in the trilogy of the X-Men film series, and as Joan from The Punisher (2004), both of which are based on Marvel Comics. She also had a recurring role as Alexis Meade on the television series Ugly Betty, and as Number One on Star Trek: Discovery. Her other major roles include Eve Baird on the TNT series The Librarians, which ran for four seasons, voicing Lois Lane in some DC Universe Animated Original Movies and as the host of the game show Skin Wars.", "Q255812": "Cop au Vin (French: Poulet au vinaigre) is a 1985 French crime film directed by Claude Chabrol. It was entered into the 1985 Cannes Film Festival. The original French title is a pun: it literally means \"vinegar chicken,\" but \"poulet\" is also French slang for \"cop.\" Chabrol made a sequel in 1986 titled Inspecteur Lavardin.", "Q1048340": "The Kingdom of Albania (Gheg Albanian: Mbretnija Shqiptare, Standard Albanian: Mbret\u00ebria Shqiptare) was the official name of Albania between 1928 and 1939. Albania was declared a monarchy by the Constituent Assembly, and President Ahmet Bej Zogu was declared King Zog I. The kingdom was supported by the fascist regime in Italy, and the two countries maintained close relations until Italy's sudden invasion of the country in 1939. Zog fled into exile and never saw his country again. The Communist Party of Labor of Albania gained control of the country toward the end of World War II, established a communist government, and formally deposed Zog.", "Q438641": "Ian Michael Harding (born 16 September 1986) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Ezra Fitz in the Freeform mystery drama Pretty Little Liars from 2010 to 2017.", "Q55844": "Stanis\u0142aw Wojciechowski (Polish: [sta\u02c8\u0272iswaf v\u0254jt\u0361\u0255\u025b\u02c8x\u0254fsk\u02b2i]; 15 March 1869 \u2013 9 April 1953) was a Polish politician, scholar, and activist in the cooperative movement. In 1922 he was elected the second President of the Republic of Poland following the assassination of Gabriel Narutowicz. He was ousted by the May Coup d'\u00c9tat of 1926.While a student at the University of Warsaw, Wojciechowski worked for the Polish Socialist movement, which at the time was a major force in the Polish independence effort. He was arrested by czarist police in 1891, and again in 1892. Upon his release he moved to Zurich, then to Paris and finally to London. In England he helped publish the Polish Socialist periodical Przed\u015bwit (\u201cThe Dawn\u201d). Active in the socialist movement, he often travelled undercover to Russian Poland, and became friends with J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski. He also studied the cooperative movement, and on returning to Poland legally in 1906 he spent time working to develop Polish cooperatives. During World War I he considered Imperial Germany to be Poland\u2019s main enemy. With the Russian evacuation in 1915, he moved to Moscow, and there in 1917 was elected president of the Council of Polish Parties\u2019 Union. He returned to Warsaw after the October Revolution and from January 1919 to July 1920 served as minister of the interior in two separate cabinets of the new Second Polish Republic. When the Republic's president Gabriel Narutowicz was assassinated in December 1922, Wojciechowski was chosen to succeed him.\nDuring his presidency, Wojciechowski and his erstwhile friend military chief of staff Pi\u0142sudski disagreed on the political direction of the nation: Wojciechowski supported continued parliamentary government, while Pi\u0142sudski favoured a more authoritarian approach. In May 1926, due to the worsening economic issues of the country, Pi\u0142sudski staged the successful May Coup, after which Wojciechowski resigned from his post.", "Q274604": "Susan Meiselas (born June 21, 1948) is an American documentary photographer. She has been associated with Magnum Photos since 1976 and been a full member since 1980. She is best known for her 1970s photographs of war-torn Nicaragua and American carnival strippers.Meiselas has published several books of her own photographs and has edited and contributed to others. Her works have been published in newspapers and magazines including The New York Times, The Times, Time, GEO, and Paris Match. She received the Robert Capa Gold Medal in 1979 and was named a MacArthur Fellow in 1992. In 2006, she was awarded The Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship and in 2019 the Deutsche B\u00f6rse Photography Foundation Prize.\nAfter a relationship that spanned more than thirty years, she married filmmaker Richard P. Rogers shortly before his death in 2001.", "Q188": "German (Deutsch, pronounced [d\u0254\u028ft\u0283] (listen)) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, South Tyrol in Italy, the German-speaking Community of Belgium, and Liechtenstein. It is one of the three official languages of Luxembourg and a co-official language in the Opole Voivodeship in Poland. The languages that are most similar to German are the other members of the West Germanic language branch, including Afrikaans, Dutch, English, the Frisian languages, Low German/Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, and Yiddish. There are also strong similarities in vocabulary with Danish, Norwegian and Swedish, although those belong to the North Germanic group. German is the second most widely spoken Germanic language, after English.\nOne of the major languages of the world, German is a native language to almost 100 million people worldwide and the most widely spoken native language in the European Union. German is the third most commonly spoken foreign language in the EU after English and French, making it the second biggest language in the EU in terms of overall speakers. German is also the second most widely taught foreign language in the EU after English at primary school level (but third after English and French at lower secondary level), the fourth most widely taught non-English language in the US (after Spanish, French and American Sign Language), and the second most commonly used scientific language as well as the third most widely used language on websites after English and Russian. The German-speaking countries are ranked fifth in terms of annual publication of new books, with one tenth of all books (including e-books) in the world being published in the German language. In the United Kingdom, German and French are the most sought-after foreign languages for businesses (with 49% and 50% of businesses identifying these two languages as the most useful, respectively).German is an inflected language with four cases for nouns, pronouns and adjectives (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative), three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter), two numbers (singular, plural), and strong and weak verbs. It derives the majority of its vocabulary from the ancient Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family. A portion of the words are derived from Latin and Greek, and fewer are borrowed from French and Modern English. With standardized variants (German, Austrian, and Swiss Standard German), German is a pluricentric language. It is also notable for its broad spectrum of dialects, with many unique varieties existing in Europe and also other parts of the world. Italy recognizes all the German-speaking minorities in its territory as national historic minorities and protects the varieties of German spoken in several regions of Northern Italy besides South Tyrol. Due to the limited intelligibility between certain varieties and Standard German, as well as the lack of an undisputed, scientific difference between a \"dialect\" and a \"language\", some German varieties or dialect groups (e.g. Low German or Plautdietsch) are alternatively referred to as \"languages\" or \"dialects\".", "Q67148": "Speicher is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, in Switzerland.", "Q729092": "James Meek (born 1962) is a British novelist and journalist, author of The People's Act of Love. He was born in London, England, and grew up in Dundee, Scotland.", "Q5826": "Xi'an (UK: shee-AN, US: shee-AHN, Chinese: [\u0255\u00ed.\u00e1n] (listen)), also known as Sian, is the capital of Shaanxi Province. A sub-provincial city on the Guanzhong Plain in northwest China, it is one of the oldest cities in China, the oldest prefecture capital and one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals, having held the position under several of the most important dynasties in Chinese history, including Western Zhou, Qin, Western Han, Sui, and Tang. Xi'an is the starting point of the Silk Road and home to the Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shi Huang.Since the 1980s, as part of the economic revival of inland China especially for the central and northwest regions, the city of Xi'an has re-emerged as an important cultural, industrial and educational centre of the central-northwest region, with facilities for research and development, national security and space exploration. Xi'an currently holds sub-provincial status, administering 9 districts and 4 counties. As of 2018 Xi'an has a population of 12,005,600, and the Xi'an\u2013Xianyang metropolitan area a population of 12.9 million. It is the most populous city in Northwest China, as well as one of the three most populous cities in Western China, the other two being Chongqing and Chengdu. In 2012, it was named as one of the 13 emerging megacities, or megalopolises, in China.", "Q777688": "Abba Ahimeir (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d1\"\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d9\u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8, Russian: \u0410\u0431\u0430 \u0428\u043e\u0439\u043b \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447; 2 November 1897 \u2013 6 June 1962) was a Russian-born Jewish journalist, historian, and political activist. One of the ideologues of Revisionist Zionism, he was the founder of the Revisionist Maximalist faction of the Zionist Revisionist Movement (ZRM) and of the clandestine Brit HaBirionim.", "Q241867": "Alexis Gabrielle Dziena (born July 8, 1984) is an American actress.", "Q4211447": "Dmitry Vladimirovich Kamenshchik (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043a; born 26 April 1968) is a Russian businessman, chairman of Moscow Domodedovo Airport, the sole shareholder in Moscow Domodedovo Airport, owner of DME Ltd., the Airport holding company.He is 27th position among the richest Russian businessmen according to Forbes, as of April 2015, with a net worth of $3.8 bn.", "Q155114": "Buddhadeva Bose (also spelt Buddhadeb Bosu; 1908\u20131974) was an Indian Bengali writer of the 20th century. Frequently referred to as a poet, he was a versatile writer who wrote novels, short stories, plays and essays in addition to poetry. He was an influential critic and editor of his time. He is recognised as one of the five poets who moved to introduce modernity into Bengali poetry. It is said that since Rabindranath Tagore, there has not been a more versatile talent in Bengali literature.", "Q270462": "Anne-Karine Str\u00f8m (born 15 October 1951, Oslo) is a Norwegian singer, best known for having taken part in the Norwegian Eurovision Song Contest selection, Melodi Grand Prix, in six consecutive years between 1971 and 1976, winning on three occasions (twice as a soloist and once as a member of an ensemble) and representing Norway in the Eurovision Song Contests of 1973, 1974 and 1976.", "Q922290": "Dmitry Yuryevich Kholodov (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u042e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u043e\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432; 21 July 1967 \u2013 17 October 1994) was a Russian journalist who investigated corruption in the military and was assassinated on 17 October 1994 in Moscow. His assassination was the first of many killings of journalists in Russia.", "Q4665131": "Sir Abdul Razack Mohamed (Urdu: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u200e; 1 August 1906 \u2013 8 May 1978) was an India-born former key Mauritian Minister in the pre and post-independence cabinet of Mauritius. He is celebrated as one of the fathers of the modern state of Mauritius, and he was the leader of the political party called the CAM (Comite D'Action Musulman). His work together with Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam of the Mauritian Labour Party is credited with being instrumental in bringing independence to Mauritius.\nBorn in a rich mercantile Memon family in Calcutta, India in 1906, he was Lord Mayor of Port Louis in 1949, 1953 and 1956. Sir Abdul Razack Mohamed served many different posts for Mauritius, including deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Housing and Land Development and Minister of Social Security from 1967 to 1976. Sir Abdul Razack Mohamed died in Rose Hill on 8 May 1978.The centenary of his birth was commemorated by the Mauritian Government.", "Q66256": "H\u00fcnenberg is a municipality in the canton of Zug in Switzerland.", "Q1910033": "Matthias Kaul (born 29 January 1949) is a German percussionist and composer of classical music.", "Q442853": "Five Days, Five Nights (Russian: \u041f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439, romanized: Pyat Dney, Pyat Nochei; German: F\u00fcnf Tage, F\u00fcnf N\u00e4chte) is a 1961 joint Soviet\u2013East German film, directed by Lev Arnshtam and Heinz Thiel.", "Q261209": "Bullitt is a 1968 American action thriller film directed by Peter Yates and produced by Philip D'Antoni. The picture stars Steve McQueen, Robert Vaughn, and Jacqueline Bisset. The screenplay by Alan R. Trustman and Harry Kleiner was based on the 1963 novel, Mute Witness, by Robert L. Fish, writing under the pseudonym Robert L. Pike. Lalo Schifrin wrote the original jazz-inspired score, arranged for brass and percussion. Robert Duvall has a small role as a cab driver who provides information to McQueen. The star of the movie, a 1968 Mustang Fastback, was sold at Mecum Auctions on Friday, January 10, 2020 for a record price of 3.4 million dollars, $3.7 million including auction fees.The film was made by McQueen's Solar Productions company, with his partner Robert E. Relyea as executive producer. Released by Warner Bros.-Seven Arts on October 17, 1968, the film was a critical and box-office smash, later winning the Academy Award for Best Film Editing (Frank P. Keller) and receiving a nomination for Best Sound. Writers Trustman and Kleiner won a 1969 Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Motion Picture Screenplay. Bullitt is also notable for its car chase scene through the streets of San Francisco, which is regarded as one of the most influential in movie history.In 2007, Bullitt was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress, as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q66530": "Hermann, Prince of Wied (German: Wilhelm Hermann Karl F\u00fcrst von Wied; 22 May 1814 \u2013 5 March 1864) was a German nobleman, elder son of Johann August Karl, Prince of Wied. He was the father of Queen Elisabeth of Romania and grandfather of William, Prince of Albania.\n\n", "Q836": "Myanmar (English pronunciation below; Burmese: \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c, [mj\u0259m\u00e0]) or Burma (see \u00a7Etymology), officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, is a country in Southeast Asia. Myanmar is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. With a size of 676,578 square kilometres (261,228 square miles), Myanmar is the largest of the Mainland Southeast Asian states by area. As of 2017, the population is about 54 million. Its capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon). Myanmar has been a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1997.\nEarly civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty, the country was for a brief period the largest empire in the history of Mainland Southeast Asia. The early 19th century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British East India Company seized control of the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century and the country became a British colony. Myanmar was granted independence in 1948, as a democratic nation. Following a coup d'\u00e9tat in 1962, it became a military dictatorship under the Burma Socialist Programme Party.\nFor most of its independent years, the country has been engrossed in rampant ethnic strife and its myriad ethnic groups have been involved in one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. During this time, the United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systematic human rights violations in the country. In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. This, along with the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners, has improved the country's human rights record and foreign relations, and has led to the easing of trade and other economic sanctions. There is, however, continuing criticism of the government's treatment of ethnic minorities, its response to the ethnic insurgency, and religious clashes. In the landmark 2015 election, Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses. However, the Burmese military remains a powerful force in politics.\nMyanmar is a member of the East Asia Summit, Non-Aligned Movement, ASEAN and BIMSTEC, but not a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It is a country rich in jade and gems, oil, natural gas and other mineral resources. Myanmar is also endowed with renewable energy; it has the highest solar power potential compared to other countries of the Great Mekong Subregion. In 2013, its GDP (nominal) stood at US$56.7 billion and its GDP (PPP) at US$221.5 billion. The income gap in Myanmar is among the widest in the world, as a large proportion of the economy is controlled by supporters of the former military government. As of 2016, Myanmar ranks 145 out of 188 countries in human development, according to the Human Development Index.", "Q5198": "Walter of Ch\u00e2tillon (Latinized as Gualterus de Castellione) was a 12th-century French writer and theologian who wrote in the Latin language. He studied under Stephen of Beauvais and at the University of Paris. It was probably during his student years that he wrote a number of Latin poems in the Goliardic manner that found their way into the Carmina Burana collection. During his lifetime, however, he was more esteemed for a long Latin epic on the life of Alexander the Great, the Alexandreis, sive Gesta Alexandri Magni, a hexameter epic, full of anachronisms; he depicts the Crucifixion of Jesus as having already taken place during the days of Alexander the Great. The Alexandreis was popular and influential in Walter's own times. Matthew of Vend\u00f4me and Alan of Lille borrowed from it and Henry of Settimello imitated it, but it is now seldom read. One line, referring to Virgil's Aeneid, is sometimes quoted:\n\nIncidit in Scyllam cupiens vitare Charybdim (\"He runs into Scylla, wanting to avoid Charybdis\") \nMany poems in his style, or borrowing his themes, have been attributed to Walter on insufficient evidence. For example, he was not the author of the satirical Apocalypse of Golias once attributed to him. In addition to his poems, Walter wrote a dialogue refuting Jewish thought and biblical interpretation and a treatise on the Trinity, and he was possibly the author of Moralium dogma philosophorum. He died of bubonic plague early in the 13th century.", "Q76723": "Maurice, Count of Saxony (German: Hermann Moritz von Sachsen, French: Maurice de Saxe; 28 October 1696 \u2013 20 November 1750) was a notable soldier and officer as well as the son of Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony. He initially served in the Army of the Holy Roman Empire, then the Imperial Army and finally in French service de Saxe became a Marshal and later also a Marshal General of France. He is best known for his decisive victory at the Battle of Fontenoy and is honoured by the Walhalla Memorial.", "Q4259359": "Mikhail Yuriyevich Lesin (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043d; 11 July 1958 \u2013 5 November 2015) was a Russian political figure, media executive and an adviser to president Vladimir Putin. In 2006, he was awarded the Order \"For Merit to the Fatherland\", one of Russia's highest state decoration for civilians. Lesin was nicknamed the Bulldozer (Russian: \u0411\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440) because of his ability to get virtually all Russian media outlets under the Kremlin's control.Lesin died in a Washington, D.C. hotel room under unusual circumstances. His family initially said the cause of death was a heart attack, but, after a year-long investigation, Washington's chief medical examiner and federal authorities released a joint statement saying he died of blunt-force trauma to his head sustained in his hotel room, induced by falls amid acute ethanol intoxication. A leaked report by Christopher Steele for the FBI said Lesin was bludgeoned to death by men working for an oligarch close to Putin.\n\n", "Q292381": "Gabrielle Mary Antonia Hoffmann (born January 8, 1982) is an American film and television actress best known for her roles on Sleepless in Seattle, Now and Then, Transparent and Girls, which garnered her nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series in 2015, respectively. Additionally, she is remembered as a child actress from the films Field of Dreams, Uncle Buck, Now and Then, and Volcano.", "Q60141": "Johann Heinrich Barth (; German: [ba\u0250\u032ft]; 16 February 1821 \u2013 25 November 1865) was a German explorer of Africa and scholar.\nBarth is thought to be one of the greatest of the European explorers of Africa, as his scholarly preparation, ability to speak and write Arabic, learning African languages, and character meant that he carefully documented the details of the cultures he visited. He was among the first to comprehend the uses of oral history of peoples, and collected many. He established friendships with African rulers and scholars during his five years of travel (1850\u20131855). After the deaths of two European companions, he completed his travels with the aid of Africans. Afterwards, he wrote and published a five-volume account of his travels in both English and German. It has been invaluable for scholars of his time and since.", "Q236351": "Stacie Joy Orrico (born March 3, 1986) is an American singer, songwriter and occasional actress. In 1998, she signed to ForeFront Records when she was 12 years old, and recorded her first album, Genuine (2000), which sold 13,000 units in its first week of release.\nAfter her first album, she signed to a new record label, Virgin Records, and started to record her self-titled album Stacie Orrico (2003). The album, which debuted at No. 59 on the Billboard 200, was certified gold with over 500,000 sales in the US. The first single \"Stuck\" reached No. 52 on Billboard Hot 100, but achieved greater success worldwide. Her second single \"(There's Gotta Be) More to Life\" peaked at No. 30 on the Billboard Hot 100. Her self-titled album has achieved sales worldwide of over 3.5 million. In the same year, she made her first television appearance as an actress in two episodes of American Dreams.She was dropped by her label ForeFront Records in 2005 after seven years and decided to concentrate on her music career and began writing her third album, Beautiful Awakening (2006). The first single \"I'm Not Missing You\" was released in August 2006. The second single, \"So Simple\", is the last single from her third album which never charted in the US.", "Q374610": "David Gaub McCullough (; born July 7, 1933) is an American author, narrator, popular historian, and lecturer. He is a two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian award.Born and raised in Pittsburgh, McCullough earned a degree in English literature from Yale University. His first book was The Johnstown Flood (1968); and he has since written nine more on such topics as Harry S. Truman, John Adams, the Brooklyn Bridge, and the Wright brothers. McCullough has also narrated numerous documentaries, such as The Civil War by Ken Burns, as well as the 2003 film Seabiscuit; and he hosted American Experience for twelve years.\nMcCullough's two Pulitzer Prize-winning books, Truman and John Adams, have been adapted by HBO into a TV film and a miniseries, respectively.", "Q323990": "Graham Payn (25 April 1918 \u2013 4 November 2005) was a South African-born English actor and singer, also known for being the life partner of the playwright No\u00ebl Coward. Beginning as a boy soprano, Payn later made a career as a singer and actor in the works of Coward and others. After Coward's death, Payn ran the Coward estate for 22 years.", "Q332645": "Francesco Coco (Italian pronunciation: [fran\u02c8t\u0283esko \u02c8k\u0254\u02d0ko]; born 8 January 1977) is an Italian retired footballer who played as a defender. Although naturally right-footed, he played as a left wing-back (his favourite position) or, more commonly, as a left-back. He had spells with both AC Milan and Inter Milan, also spending a season at Barcelona. In his early career, Coco showed much promise and was regarded as a possible successor to Paolo Maldini; however, he failed to live up to expectations.Coco won two Serie A league titles, and represented Italy at the 2002 FIFA World Cup.", "Q433072": "Shin Eun-kyung (born 15 February 1973) is a South Korean actress. She is best known for her leading roles in Downfall (1997) and My Wife Is a Gangster (2001).", "Q70352": "Johann Georg Walch (June 17, 1693 \u2013 January 13, 1775) was a German Lutheran theologian.", "Q229271": "Mary Jean \"Lily\" Tomlin (born September 1, 1939) is an American actress, comedian, writer, singer, and producer. Tomlin started her career as a stand-up comedian as well as performing Off-Broadway during the 1960s. Her breakout role was on the variety show Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In from 1969 until 1973. She currently stars as Frankie Bergstein on the Netflix series Grace and Frankie, which debuted in 2015 and has earned her nominations for four Primetime Emmy Awards, three Screen Actors Guild Awards and a Golden Globe Award.In 1974, Tomlin was cast by Robert Altman in her first film; her performance as Linnea Reese in Nashville won her several awards and nominations for the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.In 1977, her performance as Margo Sperling in The Late Show won her the Best Actress Award at the Berlin International Film Festival and nominations for the Golden Globe and BAFTA Award for Best Lead Actress. Her other notable films include 9 to 5 (1980), All of Me (1984), Big Business (1988), Flirting with Disaster (1996), Tea with Mussolini (1999), I Heart Huckabees (2004), and Grandma (2015).\nHer signature role was written by her then partner (now wife), Jane Wagner, in a show titled The Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe which opened on Broadway in 1985 and won Tomlin the Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play. She is also known as the voice of Ms. Frizzle on the children's series The Magic School Bus. She won her first Emmy Awards in 1974 for writing and producing her own television special, Lily. Tomlin won a Grammy Award for her 1972 comedy album This Is a Recording. In 2014, she was given Kennedy Center Honors and in 2017 she received the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award.", "Q302786": "Aaron Stanford (born December 27, 1976) is an American actor best known for his roles as Pyro in X2 and X-Men: The Last Stand, and Doug in the 2006 remake of The Hills Have Eyes. From 2010 to 2013, he starred as Birkhoff in Nikita. He has also starred as James Cole on the television series 12 Monkeys, based on the 1995 film of the same name.", "Q174864": "In English literature, an elegy is a poem of serious reflection, usually a lament for the dead. However, \"for all of its pervasiveness ... the \u2018elegy\u2019 remains remarkably ill-defined: sometimes used as a catch-all to denominate texts of a somber or pessimistic tone, sometimes as a marker for textual monumentalizing, and sometimes strictly as a sign of a lament for the dead\".", "Q438127": "Rienzi Melville Johnston (September 9, 1849 \u2013 February 28, 1926) was an American journalist and politician. He edited the Houston Post from 1885 to 1919, and served a 29-day term in the United States Senate in January 1913 after the resignation of Joseph Weldon Bailey. His term remains the second shortest in Senate history. Johnston was a member of the Texas Senate from 1917 to 1920, and also its President pro tempore from 1918.\n\n", "Q64327": "Molly Ephraim (born May 22, 1986) is an American actress who has appeared in films, television, and Broadway, Off-Broadway, and regional theater productions. She is known for her role as Mandy Baxter in the ABC sitcom Last Man Standing during its original run (2011\u20132017). Ephraim has also appeared in a number of other TV series including Brockmire (2017), Halt and Catch Fire (2017), and Casual (2018). Most recently, Ephraim portrayed Irene Kelly in The Front Runner (2018).", "Q471241": "Bis ( BISS) (stylized as bis) are a Scottish indie pop band composed of Steven Clark (Sci-fi Steven), John Clark (John Disco), and Amanda MacKinnon (Manda Rin), formed in 1994. The band's name, rhyming with 'this', derives from \"black iron skyline\", a lyric from the song \"Twilight of a Champion\" by The The. The band broke up in 2003, but re-formed briefly in 2007 for a series of concerts. In 2009 they re-formed again this time with a bass player and a drummer, and released a fourth album in 2014. Their fifth album, Slight Disconnects, was released in February 2019.", "Q151414": "General of the Army George Catlett Marshall Jr. (December 31, 1880 \u2013 October 16, 1959) was an American soldier and statesman. He rose through the United States Army to become Chief of Staff under presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, then served as Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense under Truman. Winston Churchill lauded Marshall as the \"organizer of victory\" for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II, although Marshall declined a final field leadership position that went to his prot\u00e9g\u00e9, later U.S. President, Dwight D. Eisenhower. After the war, as Secretary of State, Marshall advocated a significant U.S. economic and political commitment to post-war European recovery, including the Marshall Plan that bore his name. In recognition of this work, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953.Born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, Marshall graduated from the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in 1901. After serving briefly as commandant of students at the Danville Military Academy in Danville, Virginia, Marshall received his commission as a second lieutenant of Infantry in February, 1902. In the years after the Spanish\u2013American War, he served in the United States and overseas in positions of increasing rank and responsibility, including platoon leader and company commander in the Philippines during the Philippine\u2013American War. He was the Honor Graduate of his Infantry-Cavalry School Course in 1907, and graduated first in his 1908 Army Staff College class. In 1916 Marshall was assigned as aide-de-camp to J. Franklin Bell, the commander of the Western Department. After the United States entered World War I, Marshall served with Bell while Bell commanded the Department of the East. He was assigned to the staff of the 1st Division, and assisted with the organization's mobilization and training in the United States, as well as planning of its combat operations in France. Subsequently, assigned to the staff of the American Expeditionary Forces headquarters, he was a key planner of American operations including the Meuse-Argonne Offensive.\nAfter the war, Marshall became an aide-de-camp to John J. Pershing, who was then the Army's Chief of Staff. Marshall later served on the Army staff, commanded the 15th Infantry Regiment in China, and was an instructor at the Army War College. In 1927, he became assistant commandant of the Army's Infantry School, where he modernized command and staff processes, which proved to be of major benefit during World War II. In 1932 and 1933 he commanded the 8th Infantry Regiment and Fort Screven, Georgia. Marshall commanded 5th Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division and Vancouver Barracks from 1936 to 1938, and received promotion to brigadier general. During this command, Marshall was also responsible for 35 Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) camps in Oregon and southern Washington. In July 1938, Marshall was assigned to the War Plans Division on the War Department staff, and later became the Army's Deputy Chief of Staff. When Chief of Staff Malin Craig retired in 1939, Marshall became acting Chief of Staff, and then Chief of Staff, a position he held until the war's end in 1945.\nAs Chief of Staff, Marshall organized the largest military expansion in U.S. history, and received promotion to five-star rank as General of the Army. Marshall coordinated Allied operations in Europe and the Pacific until the end of the war. In addition to accolades from Churchill and other Allied leaders, Time magazine named Marshall its Man of the Year for 1943. Marshall retired from active service in 1945, but remained on active duty, as required for holders of five-star rank. From December 15, 1945 to January 1947 Marshall served as a special envoy to China in an unsuccessful effort to negotiate a coalition government between the Nationalists of Chiang Kai-shek and Communists under Mao Zedong.\nAs Secretary of State from 1947 to 1949, Marshall advocated rebuilding Europe, a program that became known as the Marshall Plan, and which led to his being awarded the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize. After resigning as Secretary of State, Marshall served as chairman of the American Battle Monuments Commission and president of the American National Red Cross. As Secretary of Defense at the start of the Korean War, Marshall worked to restore the military's confidence and morale at the end of its post-World War II demobilization and then its initial buildup for combat in Korea and operations during the Cold War. After resigning as Defense Secretary, Marshall retired to his home in Virginia. He died in 1959 and was buried with honors at Arlington National Cemetery.", "Q441382": "Christine Ladd-Franklin (December 1, 1847 \u2013 March 5, 1930) was an American psychologist, logician, and mathematician.\n\n", "Q108561": "August Ludwig von Rochau (20 August 1810 in Wolfenb\u00fcttel \u2013 15 October 1873 in Heidelberg) was a German journalist and politician. He engaged in the Frankfurter Wachensturm of 1833 and subsequently spent ten years of exile in France. He published the famous Grunds\u00e4tze der Realpolitik, angewendet auf die staatlichen Zust\u00e4nde Deutschlands (\"Practical Politics: an Application of its Principles to the Situation of the German States\") in 1853.", "Q2972480": "The Cimeti\u00e8re Saint-Pierre is the largest cemetery in the town of Marseille, France.", "Q159048": "Prince Katsura Tar\u014d (\u6842 \u592a\u90ce, 4 January 1848 \u2013 10 October 1913) was a Japanese general within the Imperial Japanese Army, and a politician who is the second-longest serving prime minister of Japan, having served three terms from 1901 to 1906, 1908 to 1911 and 1912 to 1913.", "Q234546": "Romola Sadie Garai (; born 6 August 1982) is a British film and television actress. She appeared in Amazing Grace, Atonement, and Glorious 39, and in the BBC series Emma, The Hour and The Crimson Petal and the White. She has been nominated for a Golden Globe Award twice and for a BAFTA award.", "Q42486": "Wrestling is a combat sport involving grappling-type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds. The sport can either be theatrical for entertainment (see professional wrestling), or genuinely competitive. A wrestling bout is a physical competition, between two (occasionally more) competitors or sparring partners, who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position. There are a wide range of styles with varying rules with both traditional historic and modern styles. Wrestling techniques have been incorporated into other martial arts as well as military hand-to-hand combat systems.\nThe term wrestling is attested in late Old English, as wr\u00e6stlunge (glossing palestram).\n\n", "Q647987": "Gottorf Castle (German: Schloss Gottorf, Danish: Gottorp Slot, Low German: Gottorp) is a castle and estate in the city of Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is one of the most important secular buildings in Schleswig-Holstein, and has been rebuilt and expanded several times in its over eight hundred years of history, changing from a medieval castle to a Renaissance fortress to a Baroque castle.It is the ancestral home of the Holstein-Gottorp branch of the House of Oldenburg, from which emerged in the 18th century, among other things, four Swedish kings and several Russian Tsars. It is situated on an island in the Schlei, about 40 km from the Baltic Sea.", "Q178086": "Benjamin Clark Hilliard (January 9, 1868 \u2013 August 7, 1951) was a U.S. Representative from Colorado, and a two-time chief justice of the Supreme Court of Colorado.", "Q157065": "Kerch (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0447; Russian: \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0447\u044c, pronounced [\u02c8k\u02b2ert\u0255]; Old East Slavic: \u041a\u044a\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044a, Ancient Greek: \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, Pantik\u00e1paion, Medieval Greek: \u0392\u03cc\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 Bosporos; Crimean Tatar: Keri\u00e7, \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447; Turkish: Ker\u00e7) is a city of regional significance on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of the Crimea.\nPopulation: 147,033 (2014 Census).Founded 2,600 years ago as an ancient Greek colony, Kerch is considered to be one of the most ancient cities in Crimea. The city experienced rapid growth starting in the 1920s and was the site of a major battle during World War II.\nToday, it is one of the largest cities in Crimea and is among the republic's most important industrial, transport and tourist centres.", "Q467423": "Robin Alan Thicke (born March 10, 1977) is an American-Canadian singer, songwriter, record producer and actor.He has collaborated with numerous artists, such as Nicki Minaj, 3T, T.I., Christina Aguilera, K. Michelle, Pharrell Williams, Usher, Jennifer Hudson, Flo Rida, Brandy, Kid Cudi and Mary J. Blige. Thicke worked on albums such as Usher's Confessions and Lil Wayne's Tha Carter III, while releasing his own R&B singles in the United States including \"Lost Without U\", \"Magic\", and \"Sex Therapy\". He gained international fame in 2013 with his single \"Blurred Lines\", which reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100. He is currently a judge on the Fox musical competition show The Masked Singer.\nHe is a son of the late Canadian actor Alan Thicke and actress Gloria Loring.\nHe married actress Paula Patton in 2005; in 2013 and 2014, their separation and divorce were covered extensively by the tabloid press.", "Q233229": "Keyshia M. Cole (born October 15, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, producer, and television personality. She was born in Oakland, California. Her career began when she met MC Hammer at the age of 12, and later met rapper Tupac Shakur. At the age of 15, she moved to Los Angeles and was later introduced to A&M Records. She released her debut album, The Way It Is (2005), which spawned five singles: \"Never\", \"I Changed My Mind\", \"(I Just Want It) To Be Over\", \"I Should Have Cheated\", and \"Love\". It was certified gold within 17 weeks, and then platinum just eight weeks later. The album stayed on the charts for over a year, selling over 1.6 million copies.\nAfter A&M folded, Cole released her second album Just Like You (2007) under Geffen Records, and the album debuted and peaked at number two on the Billboard 200. It was nominated for Best Contemporary R&B Album at the 50th Grammy Awards. The album has been certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America, and has sold 1.7 million copies in the US. A Different Me is Cole's third album, released in 2008. The album debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 322,000, the highest of Cole's career. The album has been certified platinum by the RIAA.Calling All Hearts is Cole's fourth album, released on December 21, 2010 in the United States. The album debuted and peaked at number nine on the Billboard 200, with first week sales of 129,000. The album has sold 400,000 copies in the US as of November 2012.\nCole's fifth album Woman to Woman (2012) debuted at number 10 on the Billboard 200, with first week sales of 96,000, lower than her last effort. The album has sold 329,000 copies in the US as of September 2013. After Geffen folded, Cole's sixth album Point of No Return (2014) was released on October 7, 2014 through Interscope Records, and had unsuccessful sales, selling less than 45,000 copies and being Cole's lowest-selling album to date.\nAlong with her music, Cole has ventured into reality television. She signed to a reality/documentary series Keyshia Cole: The Way It Is which aired on BET from 2006 until 2008, giving viewers a closer look into Cole's career and family life with her biological mother and sister. Her second reality show, Family First premiered on October 9, 2012. Her third reality show Keyshia Cole: All In premiered on February 24, 2015.", "Q118766": "Peter Staub (February 22, 1827 \u2013 May 19, 1904) was a Swiss-born American businessman, politician, and diplomat. He immigrated to the United States in 1854, and moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1856, where he lived for most of the remainder of his life. Staub served as mayor of Knoxville in the early 1870s and early 1880s, and built the city's first opera house, Staub's Theatre, in 1872. Staub also aided Swiss immigration to the Southern Appalachian region, helping establish what is now the town of Gruetli-Laager, Tennessee, in 1869. In 1885, President Grover Cleveland appointed Staub U.S. Consul to Switzerland.\n\n", "Q384285": "Gretta Chambers (n\u00e9e Taylor; January 15, 1927 \u2013 September 9, 2017) was a Canadian journalist and former Chancellor of McGill University.", "Q117455": "Martin Suter (born 29 February 1948 in Z\u00fcrich) is a Swiss author. He became known for his weekly column Business Class in the Weltwoche newspaper (1992\u20132004), now appearing in the Tages-Anzeiger, and another column appearing in \"NZZ Folio\". The columns have been published as nine books.\nSuter has published fourteen novels, written four stage plays, and seven screenplays, for which he received various awards.He is married and lives in Spain and Guatemala.\nSuter worked previously as a copywriter and creative director in advertising before he decided to fully concentrate on his writing career in 1991. He achieved his break-through with his novel Small World in 1997, which was published by Diogenes Verlag.\n\n", "Q273619": "The Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al (French pronunciation: \u200b[p\u0254lit\u025bknik m\u0254\u0303\u0281eal]) (previously \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al; French pronunciation: \u200b[ek\u0254l p\u0254lit\u025bknik d\u0259 m\u0254\u0303\u0281eal]) is an engineering school affiliated with the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It ranks first in Canada for the scope of its engineering research. It is occasionally referred to as Montreal Polytechnic, although in Quebec English its French name is more commonly used. The school offers graduate and postgraduate training, and is very active in research. Following tradition, new Bachelors of Engineering (B.Eng) graduating from the \u00c9cole Polytechnique receive an Iron Ring, during the Canadian Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer ceremony.\n\n", "Q182658": "Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926 \u2013 February 19, 2016) was an American novelist best known for her 1960 novel To Kill a Mockingbird. It won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Lee only published two books, yet she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for her contribution to literature. She also received numerous honorary degrees, though she declined to speak on those occasions. She assisted her close friend Truman Capote in his research for the book In Cold Blood (1966). Capote was the basis for the character Dill in To Kill a Mockingbird.The plot and characters of To Kill a Mockingbird are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936 when she was 10. The novel deals with the irrationality of adult attitudes towards race and class in the Deep South of the 1930s, as depicted through the eyes of two children. It was inspired by racist attitudes in her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama. She also wrote the novel Go Set a Watchman in the mid-1950s and published it in July 2015 as a sequel to Mockingbird, but it was later confirmed to be merely her first draft of Mockingbird.", "Q657558": "Relapse Records is an American independent record label based in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. It was founded by Matthew F. Jacobson in 1990. The label features many grindcore, death metal, and sludge metal artists.", "Q3181739": "John Henry Pope, (December 19, 1819 \u2013 April 1, 1889) was a Canadian farmer, lumberman, railway entrepreneur, and politician.\nBorn in Eaton Township, Lower Canada (now Quebec), the son of John Pope and Sophia Laberee, he served with the local militia during the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837 and opposed those who supported annexation of Eastern Townships to the United States.\nHe represented Compton County in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1857 to 1867 and was elected to the 1st Canadian Parliament in 1867 representing the riding of Compton as a member of the Liberal-Conservative Party. He was the Minister of Agriculture and the Minister of Railways and Canals. He served until his death in 1889. His son, Rufus Henry, took his seat after his death.\n\n", "Q25409": "Ko\u0161ice (UK: KOSH-it-s\u0259, Slovak: [\u02c8k\u0254\u0283its\u025b] (listen)) is the largest city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Horn\u00e1d at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary. With a population of approximately 240,000, Ko\u0161ice is the second largest city in Slovakia, after the capital Bratislava.\nBeing the economic and cultural centre of eastern Slovakia, Ko\u0161ice is the seat of the Ko\u0161ice Region and Ko\u0161ice Self-governing Region, the Slovak Constitutional Court, three universities, various dioceses, and many museums, galleries, and theatres. In 2013 Ko\u0161ice was the European Capital of Culture, together with Marseille, France. Ko\u0161ice is an important industrial centre of Slovakia, and the U.S. Steel Ko\u0161ice steel mill is the largest employer in the city. The town has extensive railway connections and an international airport.\nThe city has a well-preserved historical centre, which is the largest among Slovak towns. There are many heritage protected buildings in Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and Art Nouveau styles with Slovakia's largest church: the St. Elisabeth Cathedral. The long main street, rimmed with aristocratic palaces, Catholic churches, and townsfolk's houses, is a thriving pedestrian zone with many boutiques, caf\u00e9s, and restaurants. The city is well known as the first settlement in Europe to be granted its own coat-of-arms.", "Q116993": "Bernard Pierre Magnan (7 December 1791 in Paris \u2013 29 May 1865 in Paris) was a Marshal of France.\nMagnan started his career as an enlisted soldier of the 66th Line in 1809. Promoted to sergeant in 1810, the next year he entered the officers ranks and was successively promoted 2nd lieutenant, 1st lieutenant and captain. From 1810 to 1813 Magnan took part in the Peninsular War. In January 1814 he was transferred to the Imperial Guard, with which he took part in the French campaign of 1814, being wounded at Craonne. On half pay during the Bourbon Restoration, he rejoined Napol\u00e9on's Imperial Guard during the Hundred Days.\nAfter Waterloo and the Second Restoration, he transferred to the 6th regiment of the Royal Guard. In 1820 he was made a battalion commander in the 34th Line, in 1820 he became lieutenant-colonel in the 60th Line. In 1823 he took part in the Spanish campaign. Promoted to colonel of the 49th Line, he took part in the conquest of Algeria.\nMagnan joined general officers rank in 1835 when he was made mar\u00e9chal du camp. From 1832 to 1839 Magnan served in Belgium as part of a French force stationed their to saveguard the newly won Belgian independence. From 1839 to 1845 he was commander of the department du Nord. In 1845 he was promoted to g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de division. In 1848 he commanded at Lyon until he was wounded during the insurrection. In July 1849 he was given command of the 4th military Division in \nStrasbourg, the same year he became a deputy for the department of the Seine.\nIn June 1851 he became commander of the army in Paris in which function he was one of the principal organizers of the coup d'\u00c9tat of 2 December 1851. The next year Napol\u00e9on III made him a senator and granted him the title of Marshal of France.", "Q360671": "Greg Serano (born August 7, 1972) is an American actor. He is best known for his role of Pablo Betart on Wildfire and as Enrique Salvatore in Legally Blonde. He played a role in Power as Agent Juan Julio Medina.\n\n", "Q896053": "The Joint Committee (German: Gemeinsamer Ausschuss) is a special body in the constitutional and institutional system of Germany established by Article 53a of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz, GG). It exists to ensure a functioning legislature during a constitutionally established and declared state of defense. During a state of defense, as well as prior to its declaration, the Federal Government must inform the committee about its plans.\nThe joint committee consists of members of the Bundestag (two-thirds) and members of the Bundesrat (one third). Each Land may appoint any member of the Bundesrat that it wishes to represent it in the committee, but unlike in the Bundesrat, where states may give instructions on voting on each matter to its respective delegations, each state cannot give binding instructions to its representative in the Gemeinsamer Ausschuss. The powers of the joint committee are restricted in such a way that they cannot be abused to exploit the special circumstances to abolish the constitutional order.\nEven with the joint committee working under a state of defense, the Bundestag's other members may still meet, as well as can other committees of the Bundestag, and members of the Federal Government can still continue to be required to attend any of these meetings as well.", "Q205957": "Circus Renz (German: Zirkus Renz) is a 1943 German drama film directed by Arthur Maria Rabenalt and starring Ren\u00e9 Deltgen, Paul Klinger and Angelika Hauff. It is a circus film, made as a deliberately escapist release at a time when the Second World War was starting to turn against Germany and its allies. The film takes its title from the real Circus Renz.", "Q62742": "Akif Pirin\u00e7ci (Turkish pronunciation: [p\u026a\u02c8\u027e\u026ant\u0283d\u0292\u026a]; born 20 October 1959) is a Turkish-born German writer who is best known internationally for his novel Felidae. His statements on feminism and opposition to immigration have provoked controversy in Germany and throughout Europe.", "Q43954": "Pope Leo I (c. 400 \u2013 10 November 461), also known as Saint Leo the Great, was Bishop of Rome from 29 September 440 and died in 461. Pope Benedict XVI said that Leo's papacy \"...was undoubtedly one of the most important in the Church's history.\"He was a Roman aristocrat, and was the first pope to have been called \"the Great\". He is perhaps best known for having met Attila the Hun in 452 and allegedly persuaded him to turn back from his invasion of Italy. He is also a Doctor of the Church, most remembered theologically for issuing the Tome of Leo, a document which was a major foundation to the debates of the Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon. The Council of Chalcedon, the fourth ecumenical council, dealt primarily with Christology, and elucidated the orthodox definition of Christ's being as the hypostatic union of two natures, divine and human, united in one person, \"with neither confusion nor division\". It was followed by a major schism associated with Monophysitism, Miaphysitism and Dyophysitism.", "Q119478": "Tommy Castro (born April 15, 1955, San Jose, California, United States) is an American blues, R&B, and rock guitarist and singer. He has been recording since the mid-1990s. His music has taken him from local stages to national and international touring. His popularity was marked by his winning the 2008 Blues Music Award for Entertainer of the Year.According to The Chicago Sun-Times, Castro plays \"Memphis soul-drenched R&B\u2026top-of-the-line blues.\" Tom Callahan of Blurt added, \"Castro has a soulful voice, searing guitar and is an excellent songwriter and vocalist. If you close your eyes you will be convinced that you are listening to Otis Redding singing in 1967\u2026tremendous.\"", "Q72551": "Jutta Limbach (27 March 1934 \u2013 10 September 2016) was a German jurist and politician. She was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and served as President of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany from 1994 to 2002, the first woman in this office.\n\n", "Q11974": "Las Palmas (UK: , US: ; Spanish: [las \u02c8palmas]), officially Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, is a city and capital of Gran Canaria island, in the Canary Islands, on the Atlantic Ocean.\nIt is the capital (jointly with Santa Cruz de Tenerife), the most populous city in the autonomous community of the Canary Islands, and the ninth-largest city in Spain with a population of 383,308 in 2010. It is also the fifth-most populous urban area in Spain and (depending on sources) ninth- or tenth-most populous metropolitan area in Spain.Las Palmas is located in the northeastern part of the island of Gran Canaria, about 150 km (93 mi) off the Moroccan coast in the Atlantic Ocean. Las Palmas experiences a hot desert climate, offset by the local cooler Canary Current, with warm temperatures throughout the year. It has an average annual temperature of 21.2 \u00b0C (70.2 \u00b0F). According to a study carried out by Thomas Whitmore, director of research on climatology at Syracuse University in the U.S., Las Palmas enjoys \"the best climate in the world\".The city was founded in 1478, and considered the de facto (without legal recognition) capital of the Canary Islands until the seventeenth century. It is the home of the Canarian Ministry of Presidency (shared in a four-year term with Santa Cruz de Tenerife), as well as half of the ministries and boards of the Canarian government, and the High Court of Justice of the Canary Islands.", "Q188413": "Newsweek is an American weekly news magazine founded in 1933. Newsweek was a widely distributed newsweekly through the 20th century, with many notable editors-in-chief throughout the years. Newsweek was acquired by The Washington Post Company in 1961, under whose ownership it remained until 2010. Between 2008 and 2012, Newsweek experienced financial difficulties, leading to the cessation of print publication and a transition to all-digital format at the end of 2012. The print edition then relaunched in March 2014 under different ownership.\nRevenue declines prompted an August 2010 sale by owner The Washington Post Company to audio pioneer Sidney Harman\u2014for a purchase price of one dollar and an assumption of the magazine's liabilities. Later that year, Newsweek merged with the news and opinion website The Daily Beast, forming The Newsweek Daily Beast Company. Newsweek was jointly owned by the estate of Harman and the diversified American media and Internet company IAC. In 2013, IBT Media announced it had acquired Newsweek from IAC; the acquisition included the Newsweek brand and its online publication, but did not include The Daily Beast. IBT Media rebranded itself as Newsweek Media Group in 2017, but returned to IBT Media in 2018 after making Newsweek independent.", "Q822": "Lebanon ( (listen); Arabic: \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u200e, romanized: Lubn\u0101n, Lebanese Arabic pronunciation: [l\u026ab\u02c8ne\u02d0n]), officially known as the Lebanese Republic (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u200e, romanized: al-Jumh\u016br\u012byah al-Lubn\u0101n\u012byah, Lebanese Arabic pronunciation: [l\u02c8\u0292\u028amhu\u02d0rijje l\u02c8l\u026abne\u02d0nijje]; French: R\u00e9publique libanaise), is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus is west across the Mediterranean Sea. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland facilitated its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity. At just 10,452 km2 (4,036 mi2), it is the smallest recognized sovereign state on the mainland Asian continent.The earliest evidence of civilization in Lebanon dates back more than seven thousand years, predating recorded history. Lebanon was the home of the Canaanites/Phoenicians and their kingdoms, a maritime culture that flourished for almost three thousand years (c. 3200\u2013539 BC). In 64 BC, the region came under the rule of the Roman Empire, and eventually became one of the Empire's leading centers of Christianity. In the Mount Lebanon range a monastic tradition known as the Maronite Church was established. As the Arab Muslims conquered the region, the Maronites held onto their religion and identity. However, a new religious group, the Druze, established themselves in Mount Lebanon as well, generating a religious divide that has lasted for centuries. During the Crusades, the Maronites re-established contact with the Roman Catholic Church and asserted their communion with Rome. The ties they established with the Latins have influenced the region into the modern era.\nThe region eventually was ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1516 to 1918. Following the collapse of the empire after World War I, the five provinces that constitute modern Lebanon came under the French Mandate of Lebanon. The French expanded the borders of the Mount Lebanon Governorate, which was mostly populated by Maronites and Druze, to include more Muslims. Lebanon gained independence in 1943, establishing confessionalism, a unique, Consociationalism-type of political system with a power-sharing mechanism based on religious communities. Bechara El Khoury, President of Lebanon during the independence, Riad El-Solh, first Lebanese prime minister and Emir Majid Arslan II, first Lebanese minister of defence, are considered the founders of the modern Republic of Lebanon and are national heroes for having led the country's independence. Foreign troops withdrew completely from Lebanon on 31 December 1946, although the country was subjected to military occupations by Syria that lasted nearly thirty years before being withdrawn in April 2005 as well as Israel for fifteen years before being withdrawn in May 2000.\nDespite its small size, the country has developed a well-known culture and has been highly influential in the Arab world, powered by its large diaspora. Before the Lebanese Civil War (1975\u20131990), the country experienced a period of relative calm and renowned prosperity, driven by tourism, agriculture, commerce, and banking. Because of its financial power and diversity in its heyday, Lebanon was referred to as the \"Switzerland of the East\" during the 1960s, and its capital, Beirut, attracted so many tourists that it was known as \"the Paris of the Middle East\". At the end of the war, there were extensive efforts to revive the economy and rebuild national infrastructure. In spite of these troubles, Lebanon has the highest Human Development Index and GDP per capita in the Arab world outside of the oil-rich economies of the Persian Gulf. Lebanon has been a member of the United Nations since its founding in 1945 as well as of the Arab League (1945), the Non-Aligned Movement (1961), Organisation of the Islamic Cooperation (1969) and the Organisation internationale de la francophonie (1973).", "Q123928": "Richard Theodore Tarnas (born February 21, 1950) is a cultural historian known for his books The Passion of the Western Mind: Understanding the Ideas That Have Shaped Our World View and Cosmos and Psyche: Intimations of a New World View. Tarnas is professor of philosophy and psychology at the California Institute of Integral Studies, and is the founding director of its graduate program in Philosophy, Cosmology, and Consciousness.\n\n", "Q1804720": "Michael LeMoyne Kennedy (February 27, 1958 \u2013 December 31, 1997) was an American lawyer, businessman, and political activist in Massachusetts. He was the sixth of eleven children to Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel. Kennedy also served as the head of the non-profit organization, Citizens Energy. He died in a skiing accident in 1997.", "Q2946731": "Milton Denman Van Dyke (August 1, 1922 \u2013 May 10, 2010) was Professor of the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Stanford University. He was known for his work in fluid dynamics, especially with respect to the use of perturbation analysis in aerodynamics. His often-cited book An Album of Fluid Motion presents a collection of about 400 selected black-and-white photographs of flow visualization in experiments, received \u2013 on his request \u2013 from researchers all over the world.Together with Bill Sears, Milton founded the Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, in 1969, for which he was an editor until 2000.", "Q719623": "Sir Robert Moray (alternative spellings: Murrey, Murray) FRS (1608 or 1609 \u2013 4 July 1673) was a Scottish soldier, statesman, diplomat, judge, spy, freemason and natural philosopher. He was well known to Charles I and Charles II, and the French cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin. He attended the meeting of the 1660 committee of 12 on 28 November 1660 that led to the formation of the Royal Society, and was influential in gaining its Royal Charter and formulating its statutes and regulations.", "Q1383923": "Tor Lars Oskar Endresen (born 15 June 1959 in Bergen) is a Norwegian singer and composer.\nHe has entered the national Norwegian Eurovision Song Contest numerous times, but has only won it once, and represented Norway in the international final in 1997, where he came in last with nul points.\nEndresen was part of a popular Norwegian TV show in the early 1990s, a show with pop music from the 1950s and 1960s called Lollipop, as a singing bartender. The show went on for 30 episodes, and there were released three albums (English lyrics) with music from the show which sold very well in Norway.\nA single called \"Black Rain\" which was released from his album Call Me Stranger in 1986, was nearly chosen as the themesong for the James Bond film The Living Daylights in 1987. (The choice fell on the Norwegian group a-ha instead.)He has been awarded two film music awards from Disney for his singing contribution to the Norwegian version of Disney films.\n\n", "Q283298": "Sharif T. Lacey (born December 30, 1981), better known by his stage name Reef the Lost Cauze, is an underground hip hop artist based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Cauze became well known on the underground circuit towards the late 1990s and more so in the early 2000s, making his mark by winning many battle competitions within New York and interstate and displaying rare skills of what many called true MCing.\nReleasing The High Life album in 2001, Cauze moved on by teaming up with his past partners and friends and released The Invisible Empire in 2003 to much critical acclaim and thus establishing his name amongst many circles and true hip hop heads, as well as the underground. Feast or Famine was released in 2005 again to positive critical reception, as well as his side project, The Torture Papers, being part of the rap/hip-hop supergroup Army of the Pharaohs in 2006. Reef is also part of hip hop underground groups; JuJu Mob & Army of the Pharaohs.", "Q709356": "Istv\u00e1n E\u00f6rsi (Hungarian: [\u02c8i\u0283tva\u02d0n \u02c8\u00f8r\u0283i]; 16 June 1931, in Budapest \u2013 13 October 2005, in Budapest) was a Hungarian writer, novelist, political essayist, poet and literature translator.\nHe was born in educated Jewish family. After completing English and German literature studies in Budapest he worked as a school teacher. Beginning in early youth, he wrote articles for communist newspaper, claimed to be a Marxist, and wrote a poem on the occasion of death of Joseph Stalin.\nE\u00f6rsi was part of the Hungarian minority that welcomed the Red Army, when the Russians invaded his country. He was one of those who looked on the Russians as liberators and not enemies. Although most of these Russian supporters were disillusioned after the rise to power of Stalin, E\u00f6rsi found new opportunities in this time of uncertainty. Even as a schoolboy, E\u00f6rsi published poems that sang the praises of the communist government.In later years, he was an opponent of the proletariat's dictatorship and an oppositionist. Because of his participation in 1956 uprising he was sentenced to eight years in prison, of which he served three and a half (until the 1960 amnesty). After his release he was banned from publication, because of which he concentrated on translating works of Goethe, Heine, Brecht, Shakespeare, Ginsberg, Shelley, Keats, Pushkin, Jandl and Lorca.\nIn 1983 and 1984 he lived in West Berlin on a DAAD (German for Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst) scholarship. After the fall of communism in Hungary in 1989, E\u00f6rsi criticized the revival of nationalism. He was a founder member of SZDSZ, but left because of ideological differences.\nE\u00f6rsi's literary style was marked by his ideological stance, and it often bore his political zeal in the form of sarcasm. His writings tended to be volatile as well as passionate, especially when he wrote on political issues. In later years, E\u00f6rsi's writing mellowed somewhat. But his work always bore the mark of two things: First, a revisionist form of Marxism he learned from his teacher, Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs; second, his experiences of the 1956 Hungarian revolution, which got him in jail.", "Q70420": "Corcelles-Cormondr\u00e8che is a municipality in the district of Boudry in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland.", "Q942570": "Jes\u00fas V\u00e1zquez Mart\u00ednez (born 9 September 1965) is a Spanish television presenter. In 2008 he became the first Spaniard to be selected as a Goodwill Ambassador for the UN Refugee Agency.", "Q719145": "Ern\u0151 Balogh (4 April 1897, Budapest \u2013 died 2 June 1989, Mitchellville, Maryland) was a United States-based Hungarian-born pianist, composer, editor, and teacher.", "Q241873": "Linda Park (born July 9, 1978) is a Korean-born American actress, mainly known for her portrayal of communications officer character Hoshi Sato in the television series Star Trek: Enterprise.", "Q18950": "Theo de Raadt (; Dutch: [\u02c8te\u02d0.jo\u02d0 d\u0259\u02c8ra\u02d0t]; born May 19, 1968) is a software engineer who lives in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He is the founder and leader of the OpenBSD and OpenSSH projects, and was also a founding member of NetBSD. In 2004, De Raadt won the Free Software Award for his work on OpenBSD and OpenSSH.", "Q332137": "The Kingdom of Commagene (Ancient Greek: \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 K\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03b7\u03bd\u1fc6\u03c2) was an ancient Greco-Iranian kingdom ruled by a Hellenized branch of the Iranian Orontid dynasty. The kingdom was located in and around the ancient city of Samosata, which served as its capital. The Iron Age name of Samosata, Kummuh, probably gives its name to Commagene.Commagene has been characterized as a \"buffer state\" between Armenia, Parthia, Syria, and Rome; culturally, it was correspondingly mixed. The kings of the Kingdom of Commagene claimed descent from Orontes with Darius I of Persia as their ancestor, by his marriage to Rhodogune, daughter of Artaxerxes II who had a family descent from king Darius I. The territory of Commagene corresponds roughly to the modern Turkish provinces of Ad\u0131yaman and northern Antep.Little is known of the region of Commagene prior to the beginning of the 2nd century BC. However, it seems that, from what little evidence remains, Commagene formed part of a larger state that also included the Kingdom of Sophene. This control lasted until c.\u2009163 BC, when the local satrap, Ptolemaeus of Commagene, established himself as independent ruler following the death of the Seleucid king, Antiochus IV Epiphanes.The Kingdom of Commagene maintained its independence until 17 AD, when it was made a Roman province by Emperor Tiberius. It reemerged as an independent kingdom when Antiochus IV of Commagene was reinstated to the throne by order of Caligula, then deprived of it by that same emperor, then restored to it a couple of years later by his successor, Claudius. The re-emergent state lasted until 72 AD, when the Emperor Vespasian finally and definitively made it part of the Roman Empire.One of the kingdom's most lasting visible remains is the archaeological site on Mount Nemrut, a sanctuary dedicated by King Antiochus Theos to a number of syncretistic Graeco-Iranian deities as well as to himself and the deified land of Commagene. It is now a World Heritage Site.", "Q537214": "Prenzlau (formerly also Prenzlow) is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, the administrative seat of Uckermark District. It is also the centre of the historic Uckermark region.", "Q335880": "Taylor Kitsch (born April 8, 1981) is a Canadian actor and model. He is best known for his work in portraying Tim Riggins in the NBC television series Friday Night Lights (2006\u20132011). He has also worked in films such as X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009), Battleship (2012), John Carter (2012), Savages (2012), and Lone Survivor (2013).\nKitsch also starred in the second season of the HBO series True Detective as Paul Woodrugh, appeared in the television film The Normal Heart (2014) as Bruce Niles, and portrayed David Koresh in the miniseries Waco (2018).", "Q749772": "Chris Collins (born June 23, 1962) is a former Canadian politician from Moncton, New Brunswick. He served as MLA for the riding of Moncton Centre from 2014 until 2018, having previously served part of one term as a city councillor for Moncton City Council. On October 24, 2014 Collins was elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick succeeding Dale Graham. Collins was defeated in the 2018 provincial election.\n\n", "Q76051": "Josef Groh\u00e9 (6 November 1902 \u2013 27 December 1987) was a German Nazi Party official. He was the Gauleiter of Cologne and Reichskommissar for Belgium and Northern France.\n\n", "Q2185": "Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou ( POMP-id-oo, French: [\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 p\u0254\u0303pidu] (listen); 5 July 1911 \u2013 2 April 1974) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1969 until his death in 1974. He previously was Prime Minister of France from 1962 to 1968\u2014the longest tenure in the position's history. He had long been a top aide to President Charles de Gaulle; as head of state, he was a moderate conservative who repaired France's relationship with the United States and maintained positive relations with the newly independent former colonies in Africa.\nHe strengthened his political party, the Union of Democrats for the Republic (\"Union des Democrates pour la Ve R\u00e9publique\" or UDR), to make it a bastion of the Gaullist movement. Pompidou's presidency is generally held in high esteem by French political commentators.", "Q69171": "Helmut K\u00e4utner (born 25 March 1908 in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany; died 20 April 1980 in Castellina in Chianti, Italy) was a German film director active mainly in the 1940s and 1950s. He began his career at the end of the Weimar Republic and had released his first major films in Nazi Germany.\nHis 1956 film Der Hauptmann von K\u00f6penick was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 29th Academy Awards. Three years later, his film The Rest Is Silence was entered into the 9th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q18788": "Epik High (Hangul: \uc5d0\ud53d\ud558\uc774) is a South Korean alternative hip hop group from Seoul, composed of Tablo, Mithra Jin, and DJ Tukutz. They are known for having combined genres and different styles of hip hop throughout their career, which has seen the release of eleven studio albums since their debut in 2003, as well as for their coverage of diverse lyrical themes. The group went on hiatus between 2010\u20132012 whilst two of the members served mandatory military service. Upon their return, YG Entertainment signed Mithra Jin and DJ Tukutz on July 25, 2012, with Tablo having already released a solo album under the label. They have received international acclaim, winning several music awards in Korea and becoming the second Korean act to play at Coachella.\n\n", "Q66242": "Gottlieb Hering (2 June 1887 \u2013 9 October 1945) was an SS commander of Nazi Germany. He served in Action T4 and later as the second and last commandant of Be\u0142\u017cec extermination camp during Operation Reinhard. Hering directly perpetrated the genocide of Jews and other peoples during The Holocaust.", "Q210382": "Yi So-yeon (born June 2, 1978) is an astronaut and biotechnologist who became the first Korean to fly in space. Upon return from her mission aboard the International Space Station (ISS), Yi continued as a KARI researcher attending the International Space University before retiring from the agency to pursue an MBA at the University of California, Berkeley Haas School of Business and joining commercial astronaut corps the Association of Spaceflight Professionals.", "Q343916": "Justin Brooks Atkinson (November 28, 1894 \u2013 January 14, 1984) was an American theatre critic. He worked for The New York Times from 1922 to 1960. In his obituary, the Times called him \"the theater's most influential reviewer of his time.\" Atkinson became a Times theater critic in the 1920s and his reviews became very influential. He insisted on leaving the drama desk during World War II to report on the war, he received the Pulitzer Prize in 1947 for his work as the Moscow correspondent for the Times. He returned to the theater beat in the late 1940s, until his retirement in 1960.", "Q188375": "Lucy Liu (born December 2, 1968) is an American actress, who is known for playing the role of Ling Woo in the television series Ally McBeal (1998\u20132002), O-Ren Ishii in Kill Bill, and Joan Watson in the crime-drama series Elementary (2012\u20132019). Throughout her career, she has received two Screen Actors Guild Awards and has won the Seoul International Drama Award for Best Actress. She has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, and has received nominations for three People's Choice Awards and two Saturn Awards.\nLiu's film work includes starring in Payback (1999), Charlie's Angels (2000), Shanghai Noon (2000), Chicago (2002), Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003), Kill Bill: Volume 1 (2003), Lucky Number Slevin (2006), The Man with the Iron Fists (2012), and Set It Up (2018).\nLiu is also a voice actress and has voiced Master Viper in the Kung Fu Panda franchise (2008-2016). She also voiced Silvermist in Tinker Bell (2008), Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure (2009), Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue (2010), Pixie Hollow Games (2011), Secret of the Wings (2012), The Pirate Fairy (2014), and Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast (2015). Her other voice credits include Mulan II (2004), as well as the English and Mandarin-dubbed versions of Magic Wonderland (2014) and The Tale of the Princess Kaguya (2013).\nIn 2008, she starred in an ABC comedy-drama, Cashmere Mafia, as Mia Mason, which ended after one abbreviated season. The show was one of only a few American television shows to have an Asian American series lead. In 2012, Liu joined the cast of the TNT series Southland in the recurring role of Jessica Tang, for which she won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Drama Guest Actress.\n\n", "Q844673": "The Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism is the journalism school of Columbia University. It is located in Pulitzer Hall on Columbia's Morningside Heights campus in New York City.\nFounded in 1912 by Joseph Pulitzer, Columbia Journalism School is the only journalism school in the Ivy League and one of the oldest in the world. It offers four degree programs: 1) master of science; 2) master of arts; 3) a variety of dual degrees, including a master of science in journalism and computer science; and 4) a doctor of philosophy in communications.\nThe school houses the Pulitzer Prizes, arguably journalism's most prestigious award. It also directly administers several other prizes, including the Alfred I. duPont\u2013Columbia University Award, honoring excellence in broadcast and digital journalism in the public service. It co-sponsors the National Magazine Awards, also known as the Ellie Awards, and publishes the Columbia Journalism Review, a widely respected voice on press criticism since 1961.\nIn addition to offering professional development programs, fellowships and workshops, the school is home to the Tow Center for Digital Journalism, which \"examines digital journalism's industry-wide economic trends, its cultural shifts, and its relationship with the broader, constantly changing world of technology,\" and the Brown Institute for Media Innovation, \"a collaboration between Columbia University and Stanford University, designed to encourage and support new endeavors in media innovation,\" particularly the incorporation of new tools and technologies in journalistic storytelling in the digital age. The school is also home to the Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma, \"a resource center and global network of journalists, journalism educators and health professionals dedicated to improving media coverage of trauma, conflict and tragedy.\" Unfortunately, the Brown Institute's Board of Advisors is heavily weighted with representatives from the Hearst Media Group and financial investors.\nAdmission to the school is highly selective and has traditionally drawn a very international student body. A faculty of experienced professionals preeminent in their respective fields, including politics, arts and culture, religion, science, education, business and economics, investigative reporting, and national and international affairs, instruct students. A Board of Visitors meets periodically to advise the dean's office and support the school's initiatives.", "Q909001": "Yakub, Yakov, Yakiv Holovatsky, also Yakov Golovatsky (Russian: \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439, Ukrainian: \u042f\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439; October 17, 1814 in Chepeli, Zolochiv county, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austrian Empire - May 13, 1888 in Vilno, Russian Empire) was a noted Galician historian, literary scholar, ethnographer, linguist, bibliographer, lexicographer, poet and leader of Western Ukrainian Russophiles. He was a member of the Ruthenian Triad, one of the most influential pro-Russian political groups in Austrian Empire.", "Q436678": "Danielle Gaubert (9 August 1943 - 4 November 1987) was a French actress.\nBorn in Nuars, Danielle Gaubert was discovered at 16 years old by Claude Autant-Lara, who chose her for the film Les r\u00e9gates de San Francisco, and soon after appeared in a number of German and Italian productions, including Flight from Ashiya (1964), The Golden Claws of the Cat Girl (1968), Camille 2000 (1969) and Underground (1970). In 1963 she married Radham\u00e9s Trujillo Mart\u00ednez, a son of the Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo, but they divorced in 1968.During the shooting of her last movie Snow Job, she met the ski champion Jean-Claude Killy, whom she married in 1972. She left showbusiness and had a daughter. At the age of 44, she died of cancer.", "Q203498": "Simon Grover (born 25 November 1966) is a British actor and writer. He is also a Green Party Councillor on St Albans City Council.As an actor, he played main characters in two BBC children's series: Gigglebiz and Tweenies. He appeared in the feature film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 1 (2010), in which he played a Death Eater. He has also written for children's television series, including Waybuloo, Fimbles, Bobinogs, Big Cook, Little Cook, Fun Song Factory, Driver Dan's Story Train, and Planet Cook.", "Q272261": "Christine Elise McCarthy (born February 12, 1965) is an American film and television actress. She is best known for her roles as Emily Valentine in Beverly Hills, 90210 and Kyle in the Child's Play franchise, first appearing in Child's Play 2 (1990). She will appear as herself in multiple episodes of the 2019 Beverly Hills, 90210 reboot - BH90210.", "Q431117": "Ian George Brown (born 20 February 1963) is an English singer and multi-instrumentalist. He was the lead singer of the alternative rock band the Stone Roses from their formation in 1984. Following the split in 1996, he began a solo career, releasing seven studio albums, a greatest hits compilation, a remix album, an 11-disc box set titled Collection, and 19 singles. He has performed solo shows in 45 countries. He returned to singing for the Stone Roses in 2011, although this did not spell the end of his solo endeavours, releasing First World Problems through Virgin/EMI Records on 25 October 2018. He had a cameo appearance in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.", "Q984443": "John Doman (born January 9, 1945) is an American actor best known for playing Deputy Police Commissioner/ Major William Rawls on HBO series The Wire from 2002 to 2008, Colonel Edward Galson on Oz in 2001, Rodrigo Borgia in the international television series Borgia from 2011 to 2014, and Don Carmine Falcone in Fox's show Gotham in 2014.\n\n", "Q65993": "Schafisheim is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q4466480": "Andrey Anatolyevich Turchak (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0447\u0430\u043a; born 20 December 1975, Leningrad, RSFSR, USSR) is a Russian politician who has served as acting Secretary of the General Council of United Russia from 12 October 2017 and the Senator from Pskov Oblast from 2 November 2017.Previously, he was the fifth Governor of Pskov Oblast (2009\u20132017) and Senator from the Pskov Oblast (2007\u20132009). By being appointed as Governor at the age of 33, he became one of Russia's youngest governors.In 2013, Alexei Navalny released documents showing that Turchak had neglected to declare a $1.7 million villa that he had purchased in France, an illegal omission under Russian law.In 2015, reporter Oleg Kashin accused Turchak of ordering an attack which left Kashin in a coma with a fractured skull. Kashin alleged that Turchak arranged the attack in response to a critical blog post.", "Q121859": "Marc Dufour (21 April 1843 in Villeneuve \u2013 29 July 1910 in Lausanne) was a Swiss ophthalmologist.\nIn 1865 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Zurich with the dissertation \"\u0098La constance de la force et les mouvements musculaires\". In Zurich he studied ophthalmology with Johann Friedrich Horner, then continued his education at Berlin as a pupil of Albrecht von Graefe. In 1869 he began work as an assistant to Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Recordon at the Asile des Aveugles (Asylum for the Blind) in Lausanne. Later on, he became chief physician of the asylum and ophthalmic hospital. From 1890 to 1909 he was a professor of ophthalmology at the University of Lausanne, where in 1894 he was chosen as rector.From 1874 to 1886 he served as a city councilor in Lausanne \u2014 as a member of the Constituent Assembly (Vaud) in 1885 he voted in favor of women's suffrage. In 1910 he founded the \"Asile Gabrielle-Dufour\" for the visually impaired, an institution named in memory of his deceased daughter. In 1910 the \"Prix Marc Dufour\" was established to encourage medical research at the University of Lausanne.With Jules Gonin, he was co-author of Trait\u00e9 des maladies de la r\u00e9tine (\"On maladies of the retina\", 1906) and Trait\u00e9 des Maladies du nerf optique (\"On maladies of the optic nerve\", 1908). He also published biographies of his former mentors, Johann Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Horner (1887) and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Recordon (1890).", "Q1767846": "Peter Karmanos Jr. (born March 11, 1943) is the minority owner and alternate governor of the Carolina Hurricanes hockey franchise. He served as their principal owner from 1994 (when the Hurricanes were the Hartford Whalers) to 2018. He also owned the Plymouth Whalers junior hockey club from its establishment in 1990 until 2015, and was the majority owner of the Florida Everblades from 1998 to 2019.", "Q189043": "Petr\u00f3polis (Portuguese pronunciation: [pe\u02c8t\u027e\u0254polis], [p\u025b\u02c8t\u027e\u0254polis], [p\u025b\u02c8t\u027e\u0254p\u0254li\u0255], [p\u025b\u02c8t\u027e\u0254puli\u0255]), also known as The Imperial City, is a municipality in the Southeast Region of Brazil, inside the Rio de Janeiro state located 68 kilometres (42 mi) northeast of the Rio de Janeiro city. According to the 2010 National Brazilian Census, Petr\u00f3polis municipality had 305,917 inhabitants that year, up from 286,537 inhabitants at the last census. Besides being the largest and most populous city in the Fluminense Mountain Region, the city also has the largest GDP and HDI in the region. Petr\u00f3polis is considered the safest city in the state of Rio de Janeiro and the sixth safest city in Brazil, according to IPEA classification for medium and large cities.\nThe town's name (\"city of Peter\") honors Pedro II, the last Emperor of Brazil, who is entombed there at the Cathedral of Saint Peter of Alcantara. The city was the summer residence of the Brazilian Emperors and aristocrats in the 19th century, and was the official capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro during the First Brazilian Republic, between 1894 and 1902.There are projects to annex Petropolis again to the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, because it is linked to the capital by political and economic ties, and contains one of the state's largest HDIs.", "Q186370": "A troubadour (English: , French: [t\u0281ubadu\u0281]; Occitan: trobador [t\u027eu\u03b2a\u02c8\u00f0u] (listen)) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100\u20131350). Since the word troubadour is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a trobairitz.\nThe troubadour school or tradition began in the late 11th century in Occitania, but it subsequently spread to Italy and Spain. Under the influence of the troubadours, related movements sprang up throughout Europe: the Minnesang in Germany, trovadorismo in Galicia and Portugal, and that of the trouv\u00e8res in northern France. Dante Alighieri in his De vulgari eloquentia defined the troubadour lyric as fictio rethorica musicaque poita: rhetorical, musical, and poetical fiction. After the \"classical\" period around the turn of the 13th century and a mid-century resurgence, the art of the troubadours declined in the 14th century and around the time of the Black Death (1348) it died out.\nThe texts of troubadour songs deal mainly with themes of chivalry and courtly love. Most were metaphysical, intellectual, and formulaic. Many were humorous or vulgar satires. Works can be grouped into three styles: the trobar leu (light), trobar ric (rich), and trobar clus (closed). Likewise there were many genres, the most popular being the canso, but sirventes and tensos were especially popular in the post-classical period.", "Q981513": "Francisco Javier Eugenio de Santa Cruz y Espejo (Royal Audiencia of Quito, February 21, 1747 \u2013 December 28, 1795) was a medical pioneer, writer and lawyer of mestizo origin in colonial Ecuador. Although he was a notable scientist and writer, he stands out as a polemicist who inspired the separatist movement in Quito. He is regarded as one of the most important figures in colonial Ecuador. He was Quito's first journalist and hygienist. \nAs a journalist he spread enlightened ideas in the Royal Audiencia, and as a hygienist he composed an important treatise about sanitary conditions in colonial Ecuador that included interesting remarks about microorganisms and the spreading of disease.\nEspejo was noted in his time for being a satirist. His satirical works, inspired by the philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment, were critical of the lack of education of the Audiencia of Quito, the way the economy was being handled in the Audiencia, the corruption of its authorities, and aspects of its culture in general. Because of these works he was persecuted and finally imprisoned shortly before his death.", "Q16955": "Tsinghua University (abbreviated Tsinghua; Chinese: \u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66) is a major research university in Beijing, and a member of the C9 League of Chinese universities. Since its establishment in 1911, it has graduated Chinese leaders in science, engineering, politics, business, academia, and culture.Reflecting its motto of Self-Discipline and Social Commitment, Tsinghua is dedicated to academic excellence, advancing the well-being of the Chinese society, and global development. Tsinghua is perennially ranked as one of the top academic institutions in China, Asia, and worldwide, and was recognized as the 16th best university in the 2020 QS World University Rankings. Since 2015, Tsinghua has been ranked as one of the best engineering and computer science schools in the world based on factors including total research output and performance. Tsinghua is a Class A institution in the Double First Class University Plan.", "Q220269": "Dimitrie Gusti (Romanian pronunciation: [di\u02c8mitri.e \u02c8\u0261usti]; 13 February 1880 \u2013 30 October 1955) was a Romanian sociologist, ethnologist, historian, and voluntarist philosopher; a professor at the University of Ia\u015fi and the University of Bucharest, he served as Romania's Minister of Education in 1932\u20131933. Gusti was elected a member of the Romanian Academy in 1919, and was its president between 1944 and 1946. He was the main contributor to the creation of a new Romanian school of sociology.\nHe was a prominent member of the Peasants' Party, and later of the National Peasants' Party into which the former had merged.", "Q718273": "Cute (\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8, Ky\u016bto, stylized as \u2103-ute), was a Japanese idol girl group associated with Hello! Project and produced by Tsunku. Cute consisted of Maimi Yajima, Saki Nakajima, Airi Suzuki, Chisato Okai, and Mai Hagiwara, who were all members of Hello! Project Kids prior to the group's formation. The original member line-up also consisted of fellow Hello! Project Kids members Megumi Murakami and Erika Umeda, as well as Hello! Project trainee Kanna Arihara, prior to their departure.\nAfter releasing a string of independent hits, Cute made its major debut in 2007 with \"Sakura Chirari\" and that year won the Japan Record Award for Best New Artist. In 2008, the group was nominated for the main Japan Record Award, the Grand Prix, its song being named one of the year's best songs. All of the group's major-label singles debuted in the top 10 of the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart.", "Q69159": "Wolfgang Staudte (9 October 1906 \u2013 19 January 1984), born Georg Friedrich Staudte, was a German film director, script writer and actor. He was born in Saarbr\u00fccken.\nHis most important work came in the ten years following World War II, in which he worked with the DEFA in East Germany. The main focus of his work was to highlight the limits of German national pride. His work in anti-Nazi films, such as Murderers Among Us (1946), was also a personal working through of his film career under the Nazis (he acted in the anti-Semitic film Jud S\u00fc\u00df). \nFollowing 1956 he worked in West Germany. By the 1970s, his work was no longer considered particularly modern and he moved to television, on shows such as Der Kommissar and Tatort.", "Q71716": "Heinrich Abeken (August 19, 1809 \u2013 August 8, 1872) was a German theologian and Prussian Privy Legation Councillor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Berlin.\nAbeken was born and raised in the city of Osnabr\u00fcck as a son of a merchant, he was incited to a higher education by the example of his uncle Bernhard Rudolf Abeken. After finishing the college in Osnabr\u00fcck, he moved in 1827 to visit the University of Berlin to study theology. He soon combined philosophical and philological studies and was interested in art and modern literature.\nIn 1831, Abeken acquired a licenciate of theology. At the end of the year he visited Rome, and was welcomed in the house of Christian Karl Josias, Freiherr von Bunsen. Abeken participated in Bunsen's works, namely an evangelical prayer and hymn-book. In 1834 he became chaplain to the Prussian embassy in Rome. He married his first wife, who died soon thereafter. Bunsen left Rome in 1838 and Abeken followed soon thereafter to Germany. In 1841, he was sent to England to help in founding a German-English missionary bishopric in Jerusalem. In the same year, he was sent by Frederick William IV of Prussia to Egypt and Ethiopia, where he joined an expedition led by professor Karl Richard Lepsius. In 1845 and 1846 he returned via Jerusalem and Rome to Germany. He became Legation Councillor in Berlin, later Council Referee at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\nIn 1848 he received an appointment in the Prussian ministry for foreign affairs, and in 1853 was promoted to be privy councillor of legation (Geheimer Legationsrath). Abeken remained in charge for more than twenty years of Prussian politics, assisting Otto Theodor Freiherr von Manteuffel and Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. The latter was so much pleased with Abeken's work that officials started to call Abeken \"the quill [i.e., the scribe] of Bismarck.\" Abeken married again in 1866; his second wife was Hedwig von Olfers, daughter of the general director of the royal museums, Privy Councilor von Olfers.\nHe was much employed by Bismarck in the writing of official despatches, and stood high in the favour of King William, whom he often accompanied on his journeys as representative of the foreign office. He was present with the king during the campaigns of 1866 and 1870\u201371. In 1851 he published anonymously Babylon und Jerusalem, a scathing criticism of the views of the Countess von Hahn-Hahn.During the war against Austria in 1866 as well as in the wars against France in 1870 and 1871, Abeken stayed in the Prussian headquarters. A major part of the dispatches of the time have been written by him. Unfortunately his health was damaged by the endeavours of these travels, and he died after an illness of several months. Emperor Wilhelm I described Abeken in a condolence letter to his widow: One of my most reliable advisors, standing on my side in the most decisive moments; His loss is irreplaceable to me; In him his fatherland has lost one of the most noble and most loyal men and officials.\nDespite his engagement in politics, Abeken never lost his interest in theology and continued to publish and speak in this sector during all of his life. He was interested in art and archeology, and was sponsor of the Archeological Institute of Rome and member of the Archeological Society of Rome. He founded a Circle of Friends of the Greek Literature in Berlin and was member of the prize commission for the royal Schiller-Prize.\nSee Heinrich Abeken, ein schlichtes Leben in bewegter Zeit (Berlin, 1898), by his widow. This is valuable by reason of the letters written from the Prussian headquarters.", "Q119336": "Rolf Henne (7 October 1901 \u2013 25 July 1966) was a Swiss politician who supported a form of National Socialism.\nBorn in Schaffhausen, Henne was a distant relative of Carl Jung on his father's side. Henne's own father was himself a prominent physician. Educated at Zurich and Heidelberg, Henne worked as a lawyer. He joined the New Front in 1932, serving as Gaufuehrer for his hometown. On February 4 1934 he took over as leader of the by then renamed National Front at a time when the movement was in trouble over the extent of its support for the Third Reich. Henne, a strong pro-German, struggled to retain control and in 1938 he was replaced by the more moderate Robert Tobler, his close links to the National Socialists and his advocacy of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion making him too extreme for many National Front members. Unable to serve under Tobler, Henne left to form the fiercely pro-National Socialist Bund Treuer Eidgenossen Nationalsozialistischer Weltanschauung with Hans Oehler and Jakob Schaffner. Henne was overlooked for leadership of this group, although he was confirmed as Gauf\u00fchrer for Schaffhausen. In 1940 he became a co-founder of the Nationale Bewegung der Schweiz.He took no further role in politics after the war, instead heading up the Argus der Presse press-cuttings agency. He died in K\u00fcsnacht in 1966.\n\n", "Q1740209": "Kevin Martin (born April 9, 1969 in Elgin, Illinois) is an American hard rock singer who is best known as lead vocalist of the band Candlebox. He also provides lead vocals for the bands The Gracious Few and The Hiwatts.", "Q1579424": "The Strategic Airlift Capability (SAC) is a multinational initiative that provides its participating nations assured access to military airlift capability to address the growing needs for both strategic airlifts and tactical airlifts. \nSAC, established in 2008, is an independent, multinational program that provides the capability of transporting equipment and personnel over long distances to its 12 member nations by owning and operating three Boeing C-17 Globemaster III long range cargo aircraft. The SAC is based at the Hungarian Defence Forces P\u00e1pa Air Base in Western Hungary. Each participating nation owns a share of the available flight hours of the SAC C-17's that can be used for missions to serve the needs of their national defense, NATO, EU or UN commitments as well as humanitarian relief efforts.\nHungary plays a special role in the SAC as the host nation. The SAC C-17's are registered and flagged in Hungary bearing the national military aircraft insignia of the nation.\nAlthough the Strategic Airlift Capability relies on certain NATO support structures, it transcends the military and political alliances like the NATO and the European Union. The governing bodies of the program are the SAC Steering Board and the NATO Airlift Management (NAM) Programme Board. The operational organization of SAC, the Heavy Airlift Wing (HAW), is a multinational force, commanded by a colonel of a member nation.", "Q2040270": "Robert Creigh Deeds (; born January 4, 1958) is an American politician serving as a member of the Senate of Virginia representing the 25th district since 2001. Previously, he was the Democratic nominee for Attorney General of Virginia in 2005 and Governor of Virginia in 2009. He was defeated in both of those races by Republican Bob McDonnell. Deeds lost by just 323 votes in 2005, but was defeated by a wide margin of almost 18 percentage points in 2009. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1992 to 2001.", "Q439563": "Yelena Viktorovna Panova also Elena Panova (Russian: \u0415\u043b\u00e9\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u0301\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u043d\u00f3\u0432\u0430, born 9 June 1977) is a Russian actress. A noted stage actress at the Moscow Art Theater, she has been active in film and television since 1997. She is a recipient of the State Prize of the Russian Federation (2001).", "Q24059": "Bernat Fenollar, also Moss\u00e8n (Bernat de) Fenollar (Valencian Community, 1438 \u2013 Valencia, 28 February 1516) was a poet, cleric and chess player from Valencia, Spain. He was an abbot (the title \"Moss\u00e8n\" was often given to clergymen), had a position both in Valencia Cathedral and the University of Valencia as a professor of mathematics.He is one of the authors of Scachs d'amor or Chess of Love, a poem based on a chess game between Francesc de Castellv\u00ed and Narc\u00eds Vinyoles, while Bernat Fenollar comments and establishes the rules. It is the first documented game played with the modern rules of chess, at least concerning the moves of the queen and bishop.", "Q75570": "The Falknis is a mountain in the R\u00e4tikon range of the Alps, located on the border between Liechtenstein and Switzerland. It is about 8400 ft. at its highest peak.\nThe nearest locality is Balzers.", "Q436888": "Sabrina Ouazani (born 6 December 1988) is a French actress of Algerian descent. She is best known for her performance as Frida in Games of Love and Chance.", "Q1355395": "Gregg Lee Henry (born May 6, 1952) is an American character actor and rock, blues and country musician.He is best known for his performance as serial killer Dennis Rader in the made-for-television film The Hunt for the BTK Killer, and for playing various \"heavies\" in various films, such as in Payback (1999) and Brian De Palma's Body Double (1984), the latter of whom Henry has collaborated with frequently over the years, acting in six of De Palma's films to date.", "Q1154027": "Nobuta wo Produce (\u91ce\u30d6\u30bf\u3002\u3092\u30d7\u30ed\u30c7\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9, Nobuta o Purody\u016bsu) is a Japanese television drama produced and aired in 2005 by NTV. The television show is based on the book of the same name by Gen Shiraiwa (ISBN 4-309-01683-9). The story follows the high school lives of Kiritani and Kusano as they attempt to make a shy Kotani into the most popular girl in school.", "Q185679": "Nico Tortorella (born July 30, 1988) is an American actor and model, who is known for roles in films including Scream 4, the Fox crime drama series The Following, and the TV Land comedy-drama series Younger.", "Q96833": "Hermann Kanzler (28 March 1822, Weingarten, Grand Duchy of Baden - 6 January 1888, Rome, Kingdom of Italy) was a German general who commanded the Army of the Papal States and was the arms minister during the reign of Pope Pius IX. He led Papal forces during the Battle of Mentana against Italian troops.", "Q7734606": "The Flying Machine is a 2011 3-D live action/animated film produced by BreakThru Films. The film is directed by Martin Clapp and Geoff Lindsey, and stars Heather Graham and Lang Lang.", "Q845223": "Johnny Lee Middleton (born May 7, 1963 in St. Petersburg, FL) is an American musician and songwriter, best known as the bass guitar player for Savatage and Trans-Siberian Orchestra.\n\n", "Q192463": "Creedence Clearwater Revival , also referred to as Creedence and CCR, was an American rock band which recorded and performed from 1968 to 1972. The band initially consisted of lead vocalist, lead guitarist, and primary songwriter John Fogerty; his brother, rhythm guitarist Tom Fogerty; bassist Stu Cook; and drummer Doug Clifford. These members had played together since 1959, first as the Blue Velvets and later as the Golliwogs.Their musical style encompassed roots rock, swamp rock, and blues rock. They played in a Southern rock style, despite their San Francisco Bay Area origin, with lyrics about bayous, catfish, the Mississippi River and other popular elements of Southern United States iconography. Their songs rarely dealt with romantic love, concentrating instead on political and socially-conscious lyrics about topics such as the Vietnam War. The band performed at the 1969 Woodstock festival in Upstate New York.\nThe group disbanded acrimoniously in late 1972 after four years of chart-topping success. Tom Fogerty had officially left the previous year, and John was at odds with the remaining members over matters of business and artistic control, all of which resulted in subsequent lawsuits among the former bandmates. Fogerty's ongoing disagreements with Fantasy Records owner Saul Zaentz created further protracted court battles, and John Fogerty refused to perform with the two other surviving members at CCR's 1993 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.Creedence Clearwater Revival's music is still a staple of U.S. classic rock radio airplay. Twenty-eight million CCR records have been sold in the United States alone. Rolling Stone ranked them 82nd on its 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.", "Q331370": "Karol Adwentowicz (19 October 1871 \u2013 19 July 1958) was a Polish actor and theater director. Adwentowicz fought in the Polish Legions in World War I, and upon the return of Poland's sovereignty, embarked on a hugely successful touring career across the country. During the Nazi occupation of Poland he was imprisoned in Pawiak. He died in Warsaw, two years after the Polish October.Adwentowicz directed plays and performed in several theaters both before and during the war, including at the S\u0142owacki Theatre in Krak\u00f3w in 1912 commissioned by Ludwik Solski. In the interwar Poland he ran the experimental Ateneum Theatre in Warsaw along with Stefan Jaracz (1933\u201334 season), but also founded the Teatr Kameralny in the city. Adwentowicz was one of the most recognized dramatic actors in contemporary Poland, particularly for his role as Hamlet.\n\n", "Q938592": "CL Smooth (born Corey Brent Penn, Sr., October 8, 1968, New Rochelle, New York) is an American rapper. He is best known as the vocal half of the hip-hop duo Pete Rock & CL Smooth.\n\n", "Q273631": "The \u00c9cole pratique des hautes \u00e9tudes (French pronunciation: \u200b[ek\u0254l p\u0281atik de ot.z\u203fetyd]), abbreviated EPHE, is a Grand \u00c9tablissement in Paris, France, and a constituent college of PSL Research University. It is counted among France's most prestigious research and higher education institutions. It is highly selective and member of the elite Universit\u00e9 PSL (with ENS Ulm, EHESS or Ecole des Mines). \nIts degrees in religious studies and in history count among the best in the world. Closely linked to \u00c9cole fran\u00e7aise d'Extr\u00eame-Orient and Institut fran\u00e7ais du Proche-Orient, EPHE has formed continuously world-class experts in Asian and Islamic studies and among them investment bankers, diplomat and military officers specialized in these areas. Particularly, leading researchers in military strategy have taught in EPHE for more than a century (for example the famous Herv\u00e9 Coutau-B\u00e9garie). Moreover, famous researchers in natural sciences (especially neurosciences and chemistry) teach and taught in EPHE (among them Jean Baptiste Charcot and Marcellin Berthelot). Highly regarded for its top level in both natural and human sciences, EPHE has relations and exchange programs with world-renowned institutions such as Cambridge, Princeton, and Al-Azhar.", "Q97293": "Johann B\u00f6hm (born October 18, 1937 in Dasnice, First Czechoslovak Republic) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria from 1974 to 2003 and was President of the Landtag of Bavaria from 1994 to 2003.", "Q3568436": "William Harrison \"Bill\" Binnie is a New Hampshire industrialist, investment banker, and philanthropist, who is currently president of the Carlisle Capital Corporation, president of the media company New Hampshire 1 Network and owner of Carlisle One Media. He is the former Chairman of the Finance Committee for the New Hampshire Republican State Committee, and a former candidate for the Republican nomination for the U. S. Senate in 2010. He served as chairman of Carlisle Plastics, Inc. until that firm was sold to Tyco International in September 1996.\n\n", "Q651101": "Gaomi (Chinese: \u9ad8\u5bc6\u5e02; pinyin: G\u0101om\u00ec Sh\u00ec) is a county-level city of eastern Shandong province, China, under the administration of Weifang City. It is the hometown of writer and 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature winner Mo Yan, who has set some of his stories in the region.", "Q72579": "Samuel Goldwyn (born Szmuel Gelbfisz; Yiddish: \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05d2\u05e2\u05dc\u05d1\u05e4\u05bf\u05d9\u05e9\u200e; August 17, 1879 \u2013 January 31, 1974), also known as Samuel Goldfish, was a Polish-American film producer. He was best known for being the founding contributor and executive of several motion picture studios in Hollywood. His awards include the 1973 Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award, the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award in 1947, and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1958.", "Q470163": "Birgit Rausing (born 1924) is a Swedish art historian and philanthropist, the widow of Gad Rausing (1922\u20132000).", "Q128855": "Chopper is a 2000 Australian crime drama film written and directed by Andrew Dominik and based on the autobiographical books by criminal turned author Mark \"Chopper\" Read. The film stars Eric Bana as the title character and co-stars Vince Colosimo, Simon Lyndon, Kate Beahan and David Field. The film follows Read's life and time in prison. The film grossed $3.9 million worldwide and received positive reviews. It has since garnered a cult following.", "Q503827": "Th\u00e9ophile Delcass\u00e9 (1 March 1852 \u2013 22 February 1923) was a French statesman and foreign minister 1898-1905. He is best known for his hatred of Germany and efforts to secure alliances with Russia and Great Britain that became the Entente Cordiale. He belonged to Radical party and was a protege of L\u00e9on Gambetta.", "Q1059517": "Winchester College is an independent boarding school for boys in the British public school tradition, situated in Winchester, Hampshire. It has existed in its present location for over 600 years. It is the oldest of the original nine English public schools defined by the Clarendon Commission, seven of which were regulated by the Public Schools Act 1868.", "Q338432": "The Accademia dei Lincei (Italian pronunciation: [akka\u02c8d\u025b\u02d0mja dei lin\u02c8t\u0283\u025bi]; literally the \"Academy of the Lynx-Eyed\", but anglicised as the Lincean Academy) is an Italian science academy, located at the Palazzo Corsini on the Via della Lungara in Rome, Italy.\nFounded in the Papal States in 1603 by Federico Cesi, the academy was named after the lynx, an animal whose sharp vision symbolizes the observational prowess that science requires. Galileo Galilei was the intellectual centre of the academy and adopted \"Galileo Galilei Linceo\" as his signature. \"The Lincei did not long survive the death in 1630 of Cesi, its founder and patron\", and \"disappeared in 1651\".During the nineteenth century, it was revived, first in the Vatican and later in the nation of Italy. Thus the Pontifical Academy of Science, founded in 1847, claims this heritage as the Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei (\"Pontifical Academy of the New Lynxes\"), descending from the first two incarnations of the Academy. Similarly, a lynx-eyed academy of the 1870s became the national academy of Italy, encompassing both literature and science among its concerns.", "Q154550": "Bartholomew Patrick \"Bertie\" Ahern (born 12 September 1951) is an Irish former Fianna F\u00e1il politician who served as Taoiseach from 1997 to 2008, Leader of Fianna F\u00e1il from 1994 to 2008, Leader of the Opposition from 1994 to 1997, T\u00e1naiste and Minister for Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht from November 1994 to December 1994, Deputy Leader of Fianna F\u00e1il from 1992 to 1994, Minister for Industry and Commerce in January 1993, Minister for Finance from 1991 to 1994, Minister for Labour from 1987 to 1991, Government Chief Whip and Minister of State at the Department of Defence from March 1982 to December 1982 and Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1986 to 1987. He served as a Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) from 1977 to 2011. \nIn 1994, Ahern was elected the sixth Leader of Fianna F\u00e1il. Under Ahern's leadership, Fianna F\u00e1il led three coalition governments. Ahern is the second-longest serving Taoiseach, after \u00c9amon de Valera. Ahern resigned as Taoiseach on 6 May 2008, in the wake of revelations made in Mahon Tribunal, and was succeeded by Minister for Finance Brian Cowen. The Mahon Tribunal in 2012, found that Ahern, while not judged corrupt, had received monies from developers and the Tribunal disbelieved his explanations of those payments. Fianna F\u00e1il proposed to expel politicians censured by the tribunal, but Ahern resigned from the party prior to the expulsion motion being moved.\nIn November 2016, it was announced that a decision had been made by Fianna F\u00e1il to give Ahern the option of rejoining the party.", "Q717626": "James Arthur (born 2 March 1988) is an English singer and songwriter. He rose to fame after winning the ninth series of The X Factor in 2012. His debut single, a cover of Shontelle's \"Impossible\", was released by Syco Music after the final, and debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart. Since then, it has gone on to sell over 2.5 million copies worldwide, making it the most successful winner's single in the show's history.The follow-up single, \"You're Nobody 'til Somebody Loves You\", reached number 2 on the UK Singles Chart. He released his self-titled debut studio album in November 2013. The album debuted and peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart. After the release of his debut studio album James Arthur, he was involved in a series of controversies which led iTunes to offer refunds for the album.Arthur parted ways with Simon Cowell's record label Syco in 2014. In 2015, he signed a new deal with Columbia Records to release his second studio album in 2016, titled Back from the Edge. Arthur was later re-signed to Syco in 2016.", "Q1377134": "Graham Parker (born 18 November 1950, Hackney, East London) is an English singer-songwriter, who is best known as the lead singer of the British band Graham Parker & the Rumour.", "Q269669": "Illeana Hesselberg (born July 25, 1965), most commonly known as Illeana Douglas, is an American actress, director, screenwriter, and producer. She has been in a 2001 episode of Six Feet Under \u2013 for which she received a Primetime Emmy nomination as Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series and won the Best Guest Actress in a Drama Series award from OFTA, the Online Film & Television Association \u2013 and in the TV series Action opposite Jay Mohr \u2013 for which she won a Satellite Award for Best Actress \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy. As of 2015, she can be seen on Turner Classic Movies where she hosts specials focused on unheralded women directors from film history.", "Q61263": "Alfred Henschke (4 November 1890 \u2013 14 August 1928), better known by his pseudonym Klabund, was a German writer.", "Q516594": "Walter Joseph \"Wally\" Hickel (August 18, 1919 \u2013 May 7, 2010) was an American businessman, real estate developer, and politician. He worked as a construction worker and eventually as a construction company owner/operator during Alaska's territorial days. Following World War II, Hickel became heavily involved with real estate development, building residential subdivisions, shopping centers and hotels. Hickel entered politics in the 1950s during Alaska's battle for statehood and remained politically active for the rest of his life.Hickel served as the second governor of Alaska, defeating incumbent and first governor William A. Egan in 1966. He served as governor until 1969, ending with his resignation upon his appointment to the position of United States Secretary of the Interior in the cabinet of President Richard Nixon. Hickel later served a full term as governor from 1990 to 1994 under the banner of the Alaskan Independence Party.\n\n", "Q3272147": "Found footage is a film subgenre in which all or a substantial part of the work is presented as if it were discovered film or video recordings. The events on screen are typically seen through the camera of one or more of the characters involved, often accompanied by their real-time, off-camera commentary. For added realism, the cinematography may be done by the actors themselves as they perform, and shaky camera work and naturalistic acting are routinely employed. The footage may be presented as if it were \"raw\" and complete or as if it had been edited into a narrative by those who \"found\" it.\nThe most common use of the technique is in horror films (e.g., Cannibal Holocaust, The Blair Witch Project, Paranormal Activity, REC, Cloverfield), where the footage is purported to be the only surviving record of the events, with the participants now missing or dead. It has also been used in science-fiction (e.g., Chronicle, Project Almanac, Europa Report), drama (e.g., Zero Day, Exhibit A), comedy (e.g., Project X) and family (e.g., Earth to Echo) films.\nAlthough found footage was originally the name of an entirely different genre, it is now frequently used to describe pseudo-documentaries crafted with this narrative technique. The film magazine Variety has, for example, used the term \"faux found-footage film\" to describe the 2012 film Grave Encounters 2. Film scholar David Bordwell criticizes this recent usage, arguing that it sows confusion, and instead prefers the term \"discovered footage\" for the narrative gimmick.Found-footage films typically employ one or more of four cinematic techniques\u2014first-person perspective, pseudo-documentary or mockumentary, news footage, or surveillance footage\u2014according to an analysis of 500 found-footage films conducted by Found Footage Critic.", "Q5028619": "Campus (\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9, Kyanpasu) is an eroge and OVA with only two episodes. The whole series features frequent sexual intercourse, oral sex and masturbation and revolves around a college student, Takakage.", "Q77401": "Hermann Wilhelm Leopold Ludwig Wissmann, after 1890 Hermann von Wissmann (4 September 1853 \u2013 15 June 1905), was a German explorer and administrator in Africa.", "Q78732": "Emil Holub (7 October 1847 \u2013 21 February 1902) was a Czech physician, explorer, cartographer, and ethnographer in Africa.", "Q731187": "Simon Phillip Hugh Callow (born 15 June 1949) is an English actor, musician, writer, and theatre director.", "Q277457": "9 Songs is a 2004 British art romantic drama film produced, written and directed by Michael Winterbottom. The film stars Kieran O'Brien and Margo Stilley. The title refers to the nine songs played by eight different rock bands that complement the story of the film.\nIt was controversial upon original release due to its sexual content, which included unsimulated footage of the two leads, Kieran O'Brien and Margo Stilley, having sexual intercourse and performing oral sex as well as a scene of ejaculation. The film was showcased at the Cannes Film Festival.", "Q691457": "Michel Durafour (11 April 1920 in Saint-\u00c9tienne, Loire \u2013 27 July 2017) was a French conservative politician. He served in many government posts under Jacques Chirac, Raymond Barre and Michel Rocard, and was Mayor of Saint-\u00c9tienne from 1965 to 1977.In 1988, while serving as Minister of Public Service in Rocard's government, Durafour was the subject of a personal attack on his faith which provoked a \"storm of criticism\". Jean-Marie Le Pen, a right wing defeated Presidential candidate, referred to Durafour as \"Mr. Durafour-crematoire\", a play on words as \"four\" is the French term for oven, and \"oven crematorium\" is a reference to the Nazi death camps of the Second World War. Alain Jupp\u00e9 responded by stating that \"There are words one does not make jokes about\" while the French Socialist Party spokesman Jean-Jack Queyranne stated that \"Mr. Le Pen is showing what he is at heart: a racist and an anti-Semite\". Le Pen himself stated that he was responding to Durafour's own accusations regarding Le Pen's role in World War II, and that \"Mr. Durafour is not just an imbecile but a bum\".\n\n", "Q155882": "Angela Nathalie Gossow (born 5 November 1974) is a German vocalist, best known as the former lead vocalist for the Swedish melodic death metal band Arch Enemy. Her other previous bands include Asmodina and Mistress.", "Q365735": "Bernard Adolphe Granier de Cassagnac (12 August 1806 \u2013 31 January 1880) was a French journalist and politician.", "Q1504395": "Field Marshal Sir John Fox Burgoyne, 1st Baronet (24 July 1782 \u2013 7 October 1871) was a British Army officer. After taking part in the Siege of Malta during the French Revolutionary Wars, he saw action under Sir John Moore and then under the Duke of Wellington in numerous battles of the Peninsular War, including the Siege of Badajoz and the Battle of Vitoria. He served under Sir Edward Pakenham as chief engineer during the War of 1812. He went on to act as official advisor to Lord Raglan during the Crimean War advocating the Bay of Kalamita as the point of disembarkation for allied forces and recommending a Siege of Sevastopol from the south side rather than a coup de main, so consigning the allied forces to a winter in the field in 1854.\n\n", "Q164487": "Ava Lavinia Gardner (December 24, 1922 \u2013 January 25, 1990) was an American actress and singer. Gardner was signed to a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1941, and appeared mainly in small roles until she drew attention with her performance in The Killers (1946). She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her work in Mogambo (1953), and also received BAFTA Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for other films.\nGardner appeared in several high-profile films from the 1940s to 1970s, including The Hucksters (1947), Show Boat (1951), Pandora and the Flying Dutchman (1951), The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952), The Barefoot Contessa (1954), Bhowani Junction (1956), On the Beach (1959), 55 Days at Peking (1963), Seven Days in May (1964), The Night of the Iguana (1964), The Bible: In the Beginning... (1966), Mayerling (1968), Tam-Lin (1970), The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean (1972), Earthquake (1974), and The Cassandra Crossing (1976). Gardner continued to act regularly until 1986, four years before her death in London in 1990, at the age of 67.\nShe is listed 25th among the American Film Institute's 25 Greatest Female Stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema.", "Q271032": "Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 \u2013 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic who worked as an inspector of schools. He was the son of Thomas Arnold, the celebrated headmaster of Rugby School, and brother to both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial administrator. Matthew Arnold has been characterised as a sage writer, a type of writer who chastises and instructs the reader on contemporary social issues.", "Q333573": "Leopold Charles Maurice Stennett Amery, (22 November 1873 \u2013 16 September 1955), usually known as Leo Amery or L. S. Amery, was a British Conservative politician and journalist, noted for his interest in military preparedness, British India and the British Empire and for his opposition to appeasement.", "Q61277": "Johann (30 June 1468 \u2013 16 August 1532), known as Johann the Steadfast or Johann the Constant (Johann, der Best\u00e4ndige), was Elector of Saxony from 1525 until 1532 from the House of Wettin.\nHe is notable for organising the Lutheran Church in the Electorate of Saxony from a state and administrative level. In that, he was aided by Martin Luther, whose \"Saxon model\" of a Lutheran church was also soon to be implemented beyond Saxony, in other territories of the Holy Roman Empire. Luther turned to the Elector for secular leadership and funds on behalf of a church largely shorn of its assets and income after the break with Rome.He took a part in the Protestation at Speyer.", "Q2807": "Madrid (, Spanish: [ma\u02c8\u00f0\u027ei\u00f0]) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.3 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), surpassed only by Berlin, and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the EU, smaller only than Paris. The municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi).Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid region, of which it is also the capital. As the capital city of Spain, seat of government, residence of the Spanish monarch, Madrid is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country. The current mayor is Jos\u00e9 Luis Mart\u00ednez-Almeida from the People's Party.\nThe Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities. Madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs, Real Madrid and Atl\u00e9tico Madrid. Due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, Madrid is considered \nthe major financial centre\n and the leading economic hub of the Iberian Peninsula and of Southern Europe. It hosts the head offices of the vast majority of major Spanish companies, such as Telef\u00f3nica, IAG or Repsol. Madrid is also the 10th most liveable city in the world according to Monocle magazine, in its 2017 index.Madrid houses the headquarters of the UN's World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB), the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), and the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB). It also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the Spanish language: the Standing Committee of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, headquarters of the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE), the Cervantes Institute and the Foundation of Urgent Spanish (Fund\u00e9u BBVA). Madrid organises fairs such as FITUR, ARCO, SIMO TCI and the Madrid Fashion Week.While Madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets. Its landmarks include the Plaza Mayor, the Royal Palace of Madrid; the Royal Theatre with its restored 1850 Opera House; the Buen Retiro Park, founded in 1631; the 19th-century National Library building (founded in 1712) containing some of Spain's historical archives; many national museums, and the Golden Triangle of Art, located along the Paseo del Prado and comprising three art museums: Prado Museum, the Reina Sof\u00eda Museum, a museum of modern art, and the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, which complements the holdings of the other two museums. Cibeles Palace and Fountain have become one of the monument symbols of the city.", "Q78726": "Hannes Swoboda (born 10 November 1946 in Bad Deutsch-Altenburg) is an Austrian social democratic politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1996 until 2014. Within the Parliament, he represents the Social Democratic Party of Austria and from January 2012 to June 2014, he was also the President of the group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats.", "Q1208086": "Astana Women's Team is a professional women's cycling team based in Kazakhstan, which is scheduled to compete in elite road bicycle racing events such as the UCI Women's Road World Cup in 2015.", "Q891700": "Sherry Miller (born 24 June 1955) is a Canadian actress best known for her role as Jane on the CTV drama E.N.G. (1990), as Jennifer Taylor on the Showtime drama Queer As Folk (2000\u20132005), and as Dorothy O'Sullivan on the Global teen drama The Best Years (2007\u20132009).", "Q401956": "Ahmet Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya (born December 1963) is a Turkish poet and academician.\nBorn in Giresun, Turkey, and grew up in Germany. Has studied Engineering, Robotics, management and business at various universities in Turkey, USA, Uzbekistan and Sweden. He lived in Europe, Turkey, and Central Asia. Lives and works today in Turkmenistan, and continues his studies, research, and teachings in Sweden.\nHis poems, essays, letters, interviews, poetry translations have been published by newspapers and journals like Zaman, Al-Ahram Weekly, Impact, Avaz, Harman, Das Licht, Maveran, Yosh Kuch, Kiragi, Endulus, Poezia, Carmina Balcanica and others in Turkey, Germany, England, Egypt, Romania and Uzbekistan. Has been awarded with several prizes. Has represented Kiragi (Hoarfrost) Poetry Journal in Istanbul (1995\u201397). Has taken part in the editorial board of the literary journal Endulus (Andalusia) (1997\u201398). Edited and published for a short time (1995) the literary journal Mevsim (The Season).\nSome of his poems have been translated into languages such as English, Uzbek, Arabic, Tamil, Turkmen language, Azerbaijani, Romanian, German, and published abroad.", "Q960935": "Phalon Anton Alexander, professionally known as Jazze Pha ( JAZ-ee FAY), is an American record producer, singer, songwriter and rapper from Atlanta, Georgia. He is the founder and chief executive officer of Sho'nuff Records, to which American R&B singer-songwriter Ciara was signed.", "Q63460": "Henriette Herz n\u00e9e De Lemos (September 5, 1764 \u2013 October 22, 1847) is best known for the \"salonnieres\" or literary salons that she started with a group of emancipated Jews in Prussia.\nShe was the daughter of a physician, descended from a Portuguese Jewish family of Hamburg, Benjamin de Lemos (1711\u20131789) and Esther (1742\u20131817), n\u00e9e Charleville.\nHenriette Herz had grown up in the Berlin of the Jewish emancipation and had shared tutors apparently with Moses Mendelssohn's daughters. At age fifteen, she married a physician, seventeen years her senior. Markus Herz had studied medicine at the University of K\u00f6nigsberg, one of only three universities that accepted Jews\u2014but only in its medical faculty. She was said to be an extremely beautiful woman.After a few years the salon split in two, a science-seminar led by her husband and a literary salon by Henriette herself. Most notable men and women in Berlin were said to have attended her salon. Among her friends and acquaintances were Dorothea von Schlegel, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Jean Paul, Friedrich Schiller, Mirabeau, Friedrich R\u00fcckert, Karl Wilhelm Ramler, Johann Jakob Engel, Georg Ludwig Spalding, the Danish Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Johannes von M\u00fcller, the sculptor Schadow, Salomon Maimon, Friedrich von Gentz, Fanny von Arnstein, Madame de Genlis, Alexander zu Dohna-Schlobitten, Gustav von Brinkmann, and Friedrich Schlegel.\nAlexander von Humboldt often visited and even received Hebrew lessons from Henriette. The theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher was another frequent visitor. After the death of her husband she came under the powerful influence of Schleiermacher and converted to Protestantism. Her grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof II der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No. II of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church and New Church) in Berlin-Kreuzberg, south of Hallesches Tor.", "Q97287": "Christabel Mary Bielenberg (n\u00e9e Burton, 18 June 1909 \u2013 2 November 2003) was a British writer who was married to a German lawyer, Peter Bielenberg. She described her experiences living in Germany during the Second World War in two books: The Past is Myself (1968) and The Road Ahead.", "Q775909": "The Imperial Lyceum (\u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439, Imperatorskiy Tsarskosel'skiy litsey) in Tsarskoye Selo near Saint Petersburg, also known historically as the Imperial Alexander Lyceum after its founder Tsar Alexander I, was an educational institution which was founded in 1811 with the object of educating youths of the best families who would afterwards occupy important posts in the Imperial service. \nIts regulations were published on 11 January 1811, but they had received the Imperial sanction on 12 August 1810, when the four-story \"new\" wing of the Great Palace was appointed for its accommodation, with special premises for a hospital, a kitchen and other domestic requirements, as well as a residence for the administrative staff. Furniture and utensils were given together with the Neoclassical building, designed by Vasily Stasov, next to the Catherine Palace. \nThe Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum was opened on October 19, 1811. The first graduates included Alexander Pushkin and Alexander Gorchakov. The opening date was celebrated each year with carousals and revels, and Pushkin composed new verses for each of those occasions. In January 1844 the Lyceum was moved to St Petersburg. \nDuring the 33 years of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum's existence, there were 286 graduates. The most famous of these, in addition to the above two, were Anton Delvig, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker, Nicholas de Giers, Dmitry Tolstoy, Yakov Grot, Nikolay Danilevsky, Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky, Fyodor Shcherbatskoy, and Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin.", "Q118982": "Georg Gottlob Richter (4 February 1694 \u2013 28 May 1773) was a professor of medicine, philosophy, and philology.", "Q75202": "Wilhelmine Theodore Marie Cauer, n\u00e9e Schelle, usually known as Minna Cauer (1 November 1841 in Freyenstein \u2013 3 August 1922 in Berlin) was a German educator, journalist and radical activist within the middle-class women's movement.", "Q96199": "Petra Hartmann (born 1970 in Hildesheim) is a German novelist, journalist and author.", "Q280975": "Karen Cellini (born May 13, 1958) is an American multidisciplinary live performance artist, producer, writer, and activist. As an actress, she is known for portraying Amanda Carrington in the 1980s prime time drama Dynasty in 1986.", "Q2083549": "Alexander Ivanovich Guchkov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0443\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432) (14 October 1862 \u2013 14 February 1936) was a Russian politician, Chairman of the Third Duma and Minister of War in the Russian Provisional Government.", "Q275254": "Lucinda Jenney (born April 23, 1954) is an American actress.", "Q3173593": "Jean Monty (born 1947), a Canadian executive, was the CEO of Nortel Networks from 1993 to 1997 and the chair and CEO of BCE from 1997 to 2002. He commanded both Bell and Nortel at their peak and succeeded by Michael Sabia and John Roth respectively.", "Q43968": "The Trapp Family (German: Die Trapp-Familie) is a 1956 West German comedy drama film about the real-life Austrian musical family of that name directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner and starring Ruth Leuwerik, Hans Holt, and Maria Holst. Based on Maria von Trapp's memoir, The Story of the Trapp Family Singers, the film is about a novice nun sent to care for the unruly children of a wealthy baron, who falls in love with and marries the young woman. Through her caring influence, the family becomes a famous singing group. When the baron is pressured to join Hitler's army, the family escapes to the United States where they establish themselves as singers.\nThe Trapp Family became one of the most successful German films of the 1950s, and was the inspiration for the even more fictionalized Broadway musical The Sound of Music and its highly successful 1965 film version. The film had one sequel, The Trapp Family in America.", "Q957627": "Luis Alberto Spinetta (23 January 1950 \u2013 8 February 2012), nicknamed \"El Flaco\" (Spanish for \"the skinny [one]\"), was an Argentine singer, guitarist, composer and poet. One of the most influential rock musicians of Argentina, he is regarded as one of the founders of Argentine rock, considered the first incarnation of Spanish-language rock. Born in Buenos Aires in the residential neighbourhood of Belgrano, he was the founder of iconic rock bands including Almendra, Pescado Rabioso, Invisible, Spinetta Jade, and Spinetta y Los Socios del Desierto.\nSpinetta devoted himself fully to his own music. In his lyrics, there are influences of multiple writers, poets and artists like Arthur Rimbaud, Vincent van Gogh, Carl Jung, Sigmund Freud, Friedrich Nietzsche, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Carlos Castaneda and Antonin Artaud, who has his name in the album Artaud.In December 2011 he announced that he had been diagnosed with lung cancer. He died on February 8, 2012 at the age of 62. His ashes were scattered in Buenos Aires in the waters of the R\u00edo de la Plata, according to his last wish, next to the Remembrance park that commemorates the desaparecidos, the people who disappeared during the rule of the military dictatorship in Argentina.\n\n", "Q7288508": "Ram Kumar (23 September 1924 \u2013 14 April 2018) was an Indian artist and writer who has been described as one of India's foremost abstract painters. He was associated with the Progressive artist's group along with greats like M.F. Hussain, Tyeb Mehta, S.H. Raza. He is said to be one of the first Indian artists to give up figurativism for abstract art. His art commands high prices in the domestic and international market. His work \"The Vagabond\" fetched $1.1 million at Christie's, setting another world record for the artist.\nHe is also one of the few Indian Modernist masters accomplished in writing as well as painting.", "Q130968": "Manuel Mar\u00eda Ponce Brousset (April 5, 1874 in Lima, Peru \u2013 July 18, 1966 in Lima) who briefly served as the President of Peru in August 1930.\nAfter Luis Miguel S\u00e1nchez Cerro overthrew Augusto B. Legu\u00eda's eleven-year dictatorship in Arequipa, Ponce assumed the two-day interim presidency until S\u00e1nchez Cerro arrived in Lima and was designated as Legu\u00eda's successor.", "Q65777": "Kemmental is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.\nThe municipality was formed on 1 January 1996 through the merger of Alterswilen, Hugelshofen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen and Siegershausen.", "Q194760": "Edward Timothy Razzall, Baron Razzall, (born 12 June 1943) is a British Liberal Democrat politician and parliamentarian.", "Q356499": "Sir Michael Kemp Tippett (2 January 1905 \u2013 8 January 1998) was an English composer who rose to prominence during and immediately after the Second World War. In his lifetime he was sometimes ranked with his contemporary Benjamin Britten as one of the leading British composers of the 20th century. Among his best-known works are the oratorio A Child of Our Time, the orchestral Fantasia Concertante on a Theme of Corelli, and the opera The Midsummer Marriage.\nTippett's talent developed slowly. He withdrew or destroyed his earliest compositions, and was 30 before any of his works were published. Until the mid-to-late 1950s his music was broadly lyrical in character, before changing to a more astringent and experimental style. New influences, including those of jazz and blues after his first visit to America in 1965, became increasingly evident in his compositions. While Tippett's stature with the public continued to grow, not all critics approved of these changes in style, some believing that the quality of his work suffered as a consequence. From around 1976 Tippett's late works began to reflect the works of his youth through a return to lyricism. Although he was much honoured in his lifetime, critical judgement on Tippett's legacy has been uneven, the greatest praise being generally reserved for his earlier works. His centenary in 2005 was a muted affair; apart from the few best-known works, his music has been performed infrequently in the 21st century.\nHaving briefly embraced communism in the 1930s, Tippett avoided identifying with any political party. A pacifist after 1940, he was imprisoned in 1943 for refusing to carry out war-related duties required by his military exemption. His initial difficulties in accepting his homosexuality led him in 1939 to Jungian psychoanalysis; the Jungian dichotomy of \"shadow\" and \"light\" remained a recurring factor in his music. He was a strong advocate of music education, and was active for much of his life as a radio broadcaster and writer on music.", "Q106202": "Manfred Schell (born 12 February 1943 in Aachen) is a German trade unionist. Before he retired in 2008, he was the leader of Gewerkschaft Deutscher Lokomotivf\u00fchrer (German locomotive engineers union).\nHe is a member of the German Christian Democratic Union.", "Q121865": "\u00c9lizabeth Teissier, n\u00e9e Germaine \u00c9lizabeth Hanselmann (born 6 January 1938) is a French astrologer and former model and actress. Between 1975 and 1976, she created a daily horoscope on French television channel Antenne 2, and in 1981, she launched the Astro Show television programme in Germany. Her personal clients included former President of France Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand, and she has published several books on astrology. A test that compared her predictions against common sense and chance failed to show any evidence of her having any special powers.\nShe has been involved in several controversies, including the award of a Doctorate in Sociology for her thesis which argued that astrology was being oppressed by science. Her work was contested by the scientific community; criticisms included the alleged failure to work within the field of sociology and also lacking the necessary scientific rigour for a doctoral thesis in any scientific field. The university and jury who awarded the degree were harshly criticised, though both they and Teissier had supporters and defenders.\nIn 2015, Teissier unsuccessfully sued the Wikimedia Foundation, claiming that the French Wikipedia article about her damaged her reputation.", "Q63306": "Jorge Mateo Cuesta Porte-Petit (b. C\u00f3rdoba, Veracruz, September 23, 1903 \u2013 d. Tlalpan, August 13, 1942) was a Mexican chemist, writer and editor.", "Q368577": "Harold and Maude is a 1971 American coming-of-age black comedy drama film directed by Hal Ashby and released by Paramount Pictures. It incorporates elements of dark humor and existentialist drama. The plot revolves around the exploits of a young man named Harold Chasen (Bud Cort) who is intrigued with death. Harold drifts away from the life that his detached mother (Vivian Pickles) prescribes for him, and slowly develops a strong friendship, and eventually a romantic relationship, with a 79-year-old woman named Maude (Ruth Gordon) who teaches Harold about living life to its fullest and that life is the most precious gift of all.\nThe film was based on a screenplay written by Colin Higgins and published as a novel in 1971. Filming locations in the San Francisco Bay Area included both Holy Cross Cemetery and Golden Gate National Cemetery, and the ruins of the Sutro Baths.\nCritically and commercially unsuccessful when originally released, the film developed a cult following and in 1983 began making a profit. The film is ranked number 45 on the American Film Institute's list of 100 Funniest Movies of all Time and was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 1997, for being \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\". The Criterion Collection special-edition Blu-ray and DVD were released June 12, 2012.\n\n", "Q64469": "Fislisbach is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q100673": "Hilde Jennings was a German film actress.", "Q41819": "Kansas City (abbreviated KC or KCMO) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri by population and area. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city had an estimated population of 491,918 in 2018, making it the 38th most-populous city in the United States. It is the most populated municipality and historic core city of the Kansas City metropolitan area, which straddles the Kansas\u2013Missouri state line and has a CSA population of 2,487,053. Most of the city lies within Jackson County, but portions spill into Clay, Cass, and Platte counties. The city borders Johnson County and Kansas City, Kansas, (KCK/Wyandotte County) in Kansas. Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west. On June 1, 1850, the town of Kansas was incorporated; shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory. Confusion between the two ensued, and the name Kansas City was assigned to distinguish them soon after. \nSitting on Missouri's western boundary with Kansas, with Downtown near the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers, the city encompasses some 319.03 square miles (826.3 km2), making it the 23rd largest city by total area in the United States. Along with Independence, one of its major suburbs, it serves as one of the two county seats of Jackson County. Other major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Blue Springs and Lee's Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park, Olathe, and Kansas City.\nThe city is composed of several neighborhoods, including the River Market District in the north, the 18th and Vine District in the east, and the Country Club Plaza in the south. Kansas City is known for its long tradition of jazz music and culture, especially theater \u2013 the city was the center of the Vaudevillian Orpheum circuit in the 1920s. It is also noted for its cuisine, including its distinctive Kansas City-style barbecue, and its craft breweries.\n\n", "Q172583": "Cal Niday (April 29, 1914 in Turlock, California \u2013 February 14, 1988 in Lancaster, California) was an American racecar driver. He lost his leg in a motorcycle accident after high school, but it did not affect his race car driving career. Cal is also noted as the first racer to wear a modern style Bell helmet in the Indy 500. Niday is one of three drivers to have participated in the Indianapolis 500 with a prosthetic leg. The Indianapolis 500 was part of the FIA World Championship from 1950 through 1960. Drivers competing at Indy during those years were credited with World Championship points and participation. During his racing career, Niday travelled to Australia to race Midgets (known as Speedcars in Australia). In 1948 Niday won the 3rd running of the Australian Speedcar Grand Prix at the famous Sydney Showground Speedway. Cal Niday participated in three World Championship races but scored no World Championship points. He was killed by a heart-attack after being thrown from a vintage open wheeler at Willow Springs raceway.", "Q231370": "Zvi Heifetz (born 1956) is an Israeli diplomat who currently serves as the Israeli Ambassador to China. He has previously served as the ambassador to the United Kingdom (from 2004 to 2007), the ambassador to Austria (from 2013 to 2015), and the ambassador to Russia (from 2015 to 2017).\nBorn in Tomsk, Russian SFSR, Heifetz moved to Israel at the age of 14. He spent 7 years with Israel Intelligence and completed as a major in the Israeli Army. He has a Law degree from the Tel Aviv University and is a member of the Israeli Bar.Heifetz became the vice-chairman of the Maariv Group in 1999 and chairman of both the Hed-Arzi Music Production Company and Tower Records, Israel in 2001.In 1989 Heiftetz served as one of the first Israeli diplomats at the Netherlands Embassy in Moscow, and in 1997 he worked as an external legal adviser to the Prime Minister's Office (\"Nativ\") on matters relating to the former Soviet Union. Since 2003 Heifetz has acted as an adviser and spokesman for the Ministry of Defence dealing with the Russian-language media.\n\n", "Q29569": "Caroline Endres Diescher (February 1846 \u2013 February 7, 1930) was the daughter of the Prussian-born engineer John Endres. She was one of the first female engineers in the United States, and with her father, designed two inclines in the Pittsburgh area: the Monongahela Incline and the Mount Oliver Incline.", "Q282804": "United 93 is a 2006 biographical drama-thriller film written, co-produced and directed by Paul Greengrass, that chronicles events aboard United Airlines Flight 93, which was hijacked during the September 11 attacks of 2001. The film attempts to recount the hijacking and subsequent events in the flight with as much veracity as possible (there is a disclaimer that some imagination had to be used) and in real time (from the flight's takeoff). The passengers' response to the hijacking has come to be invested with great moral significance.\nAccording to the filmmakers, the film was made with the cooperation of all of the passengers' families.United 93 premiered on April 26, 2006, at the Tribeca Film Festival in New York City, a festival founded to celebrate New York City as a major filmmaking center and to contribute towards the long-term recovery of Lower Manhattan. Several family members of the passengers aboard the flight attended the premiere to show their support.\nThe film opened in North America on April 28, 2006, to critical acclaim. Ten percent of the gross income from the three-day opening weekend was promised toward a donation to create a memorial for the Flight 93 victims. The total gross intake of United 93 was $31.4 million in the United States, and $76.3 million worldwide. The film also received two Academy Award nominations, including Best Director for Greengrass.", "Q697740": "Wang Shiwei (simplified Chinese: \u738b\u5b9e\u5473; traditional Chinese: \u738b\u5be6\u5473; pinyin: W\u00e1ng Sh\u00edw\u00e8i; Wade\u2013Giles: Wang Shih-wei) (March 12, 1906 \u2013 July 1, 1947) was a Chinese journalist and literary writer. He became famous for his contribution to the Chinese history of modern revolution and to Chinese modern literature. Wang joined the Communist Party of China in 1926, but later wrote critically of some aspects of the revolution. Under order from Mao Zedong, he was expelled from the party, and executed in 1947.", "Q142440": "Karlo \u0160tajner (15 January 1902 \u2013 1 March 1992) was an Austrian-Yugoslav communist activist and a prominent Gulag survivor. \u0160tajner was born in Vienna, where he joined the Communist Youth of Austria, but emigrated to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1922 on the order of the Young Communist International to help the newly established Communist Party of Yugoslavia. After an illegal communist printing house in Zagreb where \u0160tajner worked was searched by the police in 1931, he fled Yugoslavia, visiting Paris, Vienna, and Berlin before finally settling in the Soviet Union in 1932 where he worked in the Comintern publishing house in Moscow. During the Great Purge in 1936, \u0160tajner was arrested and spent the next 17 years in prisons and gulags and three more years in exile in Siberia. He was released in 1956 after being rehabilitated, and returned to Yugoslavia. He spent the rest of his life in Zagreb with his wife Sonya whom he married in Moscow in the 1930s.\nIn 1971, \u0160tajner published a book titled \"Seven Thousand Days in Siberia\" about his experiences. The book was a bestseller in Yugoslavia and was named the \"book of the year 1972\" by the Vjesnik newspaper.", "Q83594": "Sisters (Russian: \u0421\u0451\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b, translit. Syostry) is a 2001 Russian crime film directed by Sergei Bodrov, Jr. It is notable as being his first and only film as director due to his death while filming his second film the year after. It was awarded Grand Prix for the Best Debut at the 2001 Kinotavr film festival.", "Q4066893": "Victor Henri (6 June 1872 \u2013 21 June 1940) was a French-Russian physical chemist and physiologist. He was born in Marseille as a son of Russian parents. He is known mainly as an early pioneer in enzyme kinetics. He published over 500 papers in a variety of disciplines including biochemistry, physical chemistry, psychology and physiology.", "Q266228": "Adam Paul Nielson Hicks (born November 28, 1992) is an American actor, rapper, singer, and songwriter. His first leading role was in How to Eat Fried Worms. He was also known for playing Luther in the Disney XD series Zeke and Luther and Wendell \"Wen\" Gifford in the film Lemonade Mouth. \nHe had a recurring role in the second season of Jonas as DZ, and appeared as Boz in the Disney XD Original Series Pair of Kings.", "Q238432": "Bridgette Leann Wilson-Sampras (born September 25, 1973) is an American former actress, singer, model, and Miss Teen USA award winner. Wilson began her career as an actress after being crowned Miss Teen USA in 1990, playing the character of Lisa Fenimore on the soap opera Santa Barbara from April 1992 to January 1993.She appeared in quite a number of films, including Last Action Hero (1993) in her movie debut, Higher Learning (1995), Mortal Kombat (1995), and Billy Madison (1995). She later had roles in I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997), House on Haunted Hill (1999), The Wedding Planner (2001), and Shopgirl (2005).\nWilson is married to professional tennis player Pete Sampras, with whom she has two sons.", "Q261547": "Rae Dawn Chong (born February 28, 1961) is a Canadian-American actress best known for her roles in the films Quest for Fire (1981), Beat Street (1984), The Color Purple and Commando (both 1985), Boulevard (1994) and Time Runner (1993). She is the daughter of comedian and actor Tommy Chong.", "Q71702": "Josef Duchac (born February 19, 1938) is a German politician (CDU).\nThe studied chemical engineer became a member of the East German Christian Democratic Union in 1957. After the party merged with the West German CDU following the German reunification, he was elected Thuringia's first post-reunification minister-president on October 14, 1990.\nOn January 23, 1992, he announced his resignation because of alleged Stasi contacts and was succeeded by Bernhard Vogel on February 5, 1992.", "Q82661": "Jacqueline 'Jacqui' McShee (born 25 December 1943) is an English singer. Since 1966 she has performed with Pentangle, a jazz-influenced folk rock band.", "Q2909797": "Bomp! Records is a Los Angeles-based record label formed in 1974 by fanzine publisher and music historian Greg Shaw and Suzy Shaw.", "Q2299230": "Solomon Levey (1794\u20131833) was a convict transported to Australia in 1815 for theft who became a highly successful merchant and financier, at one time issuing his own banknotes in New South Wales. His success in New South Wales triggered the migration of many relatives. His brother Barnett was the first free Jewish settler. His brother Isaac was for a time President of the Sydney Hebrew Congregation. Solomon was a backer of the Swan River Colony in Western Australia, and lost a fortune when it failed. He was also a noted philanthropist.\nPort Levy on Banks Peninsula, Canterbury New Zealand is named after him.", "Q487514": "James Child Drury Jr. (April 18, 1934 \u2013 April 6, 2020) was an American actor best known for playing the title role in the 90-minute weekly Western television series The Virginian, broadcast on NBC from 1962 to 1971.", "Q123041": "Anne Louise Germaine de Sta\u00ebl-Holstein (French: [an lwiz \u0292\u025b\u0281m\u025bn d\u0259 stal \u0254lstajn]; n\u00e9e Necker; 22 April 1766 \u2013 14 July 1817), commonly known as Madame de Sta\u00ebl ( d\u0259 STAHL, French: [madam d\u0259 stal]), was a woman of letters and political theorist of Genevan origin who in her lifetime witnessed (1789\u20131815) at first-hand the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era up to the French Restoration. She was present at the Estates General of 1789 and at the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Her intellectual collaboration with Benjamin Constant between 1794 and 1810 made them one of the most celebrated intellectual couples of their time. She discovered sooner than others the tyrannical character and designs of Napoleon. For many years she lived as an exile \u2013 firstly during the Reign of Terror and later due to personal persecution by Napoleon.\nIn exile she became the fulcrum of the Coppet group with her unrivalled network of contacts across Europe. In 1814 one of her contemporaries observed that \"there are three great powers struggling against Napoleon for the soul of Europe: England, Russia, and Madame de Sta\u00ebl\". Known as a witty and brilliant conversationalist, often dressed in daring outfits, she stimulated the political and intellectual life of her times. Her works, whether novels, travel literature or polemics, emphasized individuality and passion made a lasting mark on European thought. De Sta\u00ebl spread the notion of Romanticism widely by its repeated use.", "Q271967": "Greta Celeste Gerwig (; born August 4, 1983) is an American actress and filmmaker. She first garnered attention after working on and appearing in several mumblecore films. Between 2006 and 2009, she appeared in a number of films by Joe Swanberg, some of which she co-wrote or co-directed, including Hannah Takes the Stairs (2007) and Nights and Weekends (2008).Since the early 2010s, Gerwig has collaborated with her partner Noah Baumbach on several films, including Greenberg (2010), Frances Ha (2012), for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination, and Mistress America (2015). She has also appeared in Whit Stillman's Damsels in Distress (2011), Woody Allen's To Rome with Love (2012), Rebecca Miller's Maggie's Plan (2015), Pablo Larra\u00edn's Jackie (2016), and Mike Mills' 20th Century Women (2016).Gerwig has had two solo directorial ventures, the coming-of-age films Lady Bird (2017) and Little Women (2019), both of which earned nominations for the Academy Award for Best Picture. For the former, she received Academy Award nominations for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay, and for the latter, she was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay.", "Q228812": "Zulfiya Isroilova, known by her pen name Zulfiya (in Cyrillic \u0417\u0443\u043b\u0444\u0438\u044f) (born 14 March 1915 in Tashkent then part of the Russian Empire \u2013 died 23 August 1996 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan) was an Uzbek writer.", "Q65944": "Hans Beimler (2 July 1895 \u2013 1 December 1936) was a trade unionist, Communist-Party official, deputy in the 1933 Reichstag, an outspoken opponent of the Nazis and a volunteer in the international brigades fighting for the Spanish Republic.", "Q128114": "Yonkers () is a city in Westchester County, New York. It is the fourth most populous city in the U.S. state of New York, behind New York City, Buffalo, and Rochester. The population of Yonkers was 195,976 as enumerated in the 2010 United States Census and is estimated to have increased by 2.5% to 199,663 in 2018. It is an inner suburb of New York City, directly to the north of the Bronx and approximately two miles (3 km) north of the northernmost point in Manhattan.\nYonkers' downtown is centered on a plaza known as Getty Square, where the municipal government is located. The downtown area also houses significant local businesses and non-profits, and serves as a major retail hub for Yonkers and the northwest Bronx.\nThe city is home to several attractions, including Untermyer Park; Hudson River Museum; Saw Mill River daylighting, wherein a parking lot was removed to uncover a river; Science Barge; Sherwood House; and Yonkers Raceway, a harness racing track that has renovated its grounds and clubhouse and added legalized video slot machine gambling in 2006 in a \"racino\" called Empire City.\nMajor shopping areas are located in Getty Square, on South Broadway, at the Cross County Shopping Center and Westchester's Ridge Hill, and along Central Park Avenue, informally called \"Central Ave\" by area residents, a name it takes officially a few miles north in White Plains.\nYonkers is known as the \"City of Seven Hills\" which includes Park Hill, Nodine Hill, Ridge Hill, Cross Hill, Locust Hill, Glen Hill, and Church Hill.", "Q98639": "Margarete B\u00f6hme (8 May 1867 \u2013 23 May 1939) was, arguably, one of the most widely read German writers of the early 20th century. B\u00f6hme authored 40 novels \u2013 as well as short stories, autobiographical sketches, and articles. The Diary of a Lost Girl, first published in 1905 as Tagebuch einer Verlorenen, is her best known and bestselling book. By the end of the 1920s, it had sold more than a million copies, ranking it among the bestselling books of its time. One contemporary scholar has called it \u201cPerhaps the most notorious and certainly the commercially most successful autobiographical narrative of the early twentieth century.\u201d", "Q64482": "Rothrist is a municipality in the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q1314450": "Sir George Elliot, 1st Baronet, JP (18 March 1814 \u2013 23 December 1893) was a mining engineer and self-made businessman from Gateshead in the North-East of England. A colliery labourer who went on to own several coal mines, he later bought a wire rope manufacturing company which manufactured the first Transatlantic telegraph cable. He was also a Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP).", "Q393048": "Mariusz Kwiecie\u0144 (Polish: [\u02c8mar-ju\u0282 \u02c8kvj\u025b-t\u0255\u025b\u0272], born 4 November 1972) is a Polish operatic baritone who has sung leading roles in the major opera houses of Europe and North America. He has received particular distinction in the title role of Mozart's Don Giovanni which he has sung at the Lyric Opera of Chicago, Vienna State Opera, Bilbao Opera, Houston Grand Opera, San Francisco Opera, Santa Fe Opera, Warsaw Opera, Royal Opera House, London, and Seattle Opera where he won the company's 2006-2007 Artist of the Year award for this role, and the Metropolitan Opera.", "Q86407": "Wolfdietrich Schnurre (22 August 1920 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany \u2013 9 June 1989 in Kiel, West Germany) was a German writer.\nSchnurre was an important literary figure of post-war West Germany. Apart from numerous short stories he also wrote novels, tales, diaries, poems, radio plays and (beginning in the 1960s) children's books which he partly illustrated himself.", "Q74849": "Alberto Mazzucato (28 July 1813 \u2013 31 December 1877) was an Italian composer, music teacher, and writer.\nMazzucato was born in Udine. Trained at the Padua Conservatory, he composed eight operas between 1834 and 1843, of which his most successful was Esmeralda (1838). He also contributed music to the pastiche La vergine di Kermo (1870) which also contained music by Carlo Pedrotti, Antonio Cagnoni, Federico Ricci, Amilcare Ponchielli, and Giovanni Pacini. Along with Luigi Felice Rossi and Guglielmo Quarenghi, he formed the Societ\u00e0 di S Cecilia in 1860.\nAfter his last opera, Hernani, premiered at the Teatro Carlo Felice in Genoa on 26 December 1843, Mazzucato retired from his work as a composer in order to focus on his career as an educator. He had been appointed to the staff of the Milan Conservatory in 1843, eventually becoming its Director in 1872. Among his notable pupils were composers Arrigo Boito, Benedetto Junck, Isidore de Lara, Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Gomes, and Ivan Zajc, sopranos Marcella Lotti della Santa and Marietta Gazzaniga, and tenor Sims Reeves. As a writer, he wrote articles for the Gazzetta musicale di Milano between 1845\u20131858. In 1859 he was appointed to the post of maestro direttore e concertatore at La Scala, a position he held until 1868. He died nine years later in Milan at the age of 64.Alberto Mazzucato married Teresa Bolza, daughter of Count Luigi Bolza, Austrian police commissioner in Milan. Their daughter Eliza Mazzucato Young (1846-1937) was a composer, pianist, and music educator in the United States.. Their son Giannandrea Mazzucato (1850-1900) was a music writer, librettist, and critic based in London.. \nMazzucato had an affair with Emilia Marzonne, around the time their daughter Eliza was born.", "Q505517": "Jeordie Osbourne White (born June 20, 1971), once known professionally as Twiggy Ramirez, shortened to just Twiggy since 2008, and sometimes referred to by his real name, is an American musician, mostly known as the former bassist and guitarist of the band Marilyn Manson. Previously, he was the bassist for A Perfect Circle and a touring member of Nine Inch Nails, and is currently the vocalist for Goon Moon. He left Marilyn Manson in 2002, later rejoined the band in 2008, and was dismissed in 2017. He has been a principal songwriter for the band and has also contributed to some of the Desert Sessions recordings. He also hosts the Hour of Goon podcast with fellow musician Fred Sablan, on the Feral Audio network.", "Q111795": "Doctor Peter Radtke (born 1943) is a German actor and playwright who is the author of many scientific publications on disability issues and has a PhD in Romance languages. As a small boy his parents and a sympathetic doctor allowed him to escape a Nazi euthanasia program. From 1957 to 1961 Peter Radtke completed training as an interpreter of English, French, and Spanish at a private foreign language school in Regensburg. In 1963 he studied at the University of Pennsylvania and acquired a \"Certificate into American Culture and Civilization.\" Afterwards he studied at Regensburg and Geneva. He would then go on to write an autobiography and appear in three films starting in 1995 with My Mother's Courage. He did drama and theater work before that. In 2003 he was appointed as a member of the national ethics advisory committee by resolution of the Federal Cabinet. Dr. Radtke received a service medal from Bavaria on 17 July 2003. He has osteogenesis imperfecta.", "Q310427": "Azuloscurocasinegro (English: Dark Blue Almost Black) is a 2006 Spanish drama film written and directed by Daniel S\u00e1nchez Ar\u00e9valo. It was Ar\u00e9valo's first film. He developed the story from his award-winning short film F\u00edsica II made in 2004.", "Q118969": "Winona LaDuke (born August 18, 1959) is an American environmentalist, economist, and writer, known for her work on tribal land claims and preservation, as well as sustainable development. In a December 2018 interview she also described herself as an industrial hemp grower.In 1996 and 2000, she ran for Vice President as the nominee of the Green Party of the United States, on a ticket headed by Ralph Nader. She is the executive director of Honor the Earth, a Native environmental advocacy organization that played an active role in the Dakota Access Pipeline protests.In 2016, she received an electoral vote for vice president. In doing so, she became the first person of the Green Party to ever receive an electoral vote.", "Q656691": "\u00c9mile Eudes (1843\u20131888) was a French revolutionary, Blanquist socialist and participant in the Paris Commune.", "Q234585": "Dakota Blue Richards (born 11 April 1994) is an English actress. Her film debut at the age of 13 was in The Golden Compass, as the lead character Lyra Belacqua. Other lead roles include the wayward teenager April in Dustbin Baby and Maria in the 2009 film The Secret of Moonacre. In 2011 she played Franky Fitzgerald in the third generation cast of British teen drama Skins. She has also played roles in television, film and on stage.", "Q1991288": "The France\u2013Italy border is the international boundary between France and Italy.", "Q299217": "Rufus Frederik Sewell (; born 29 October 1967) is an English film and stage actor. In film, he has appeared in Carrington (1995), Hamlet (1996), Dangerous Beauty (1998), Dark City (1998), The Legend of Zorro (2005), A Knight's Tale (2001), The Illusionist (2006), Amazing Grace (2006), The Holiday (2006), Paris, je t'aime (2006), and Judy (2019).\nOn television, he has starred in Middlemarch (1994), John Adams (2008), Eleventh Hour (2008-09), Zen (2011), The Pillars of the Earth (2010), Parade's End (2012), Victoria (2016\u201317), The Man in the High Castle (2014\u201319), and The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel (2019).On stage, he originated the role of Septimus Hodge in Tom Stoppard's Arcadia and the role of Jan in Stoppard's Rock 'n' Roll, with the latter earning him an Olivier Award win and a Tony Award nomination.", "Q1541622": "Lorenzo Alejandro Mendoza Gim\u00e9nez (born 5 October 1965) is a Venezuelan billionaire businessman, the CEO of Empresas Polar, owned by his family, and Venezuela's largest privately held company, with $7 billion in annual sales.", "Q1726615": "Barry Cheung Chun-yuen, GBS, JP (Chinese: \u5f35\u9707\u9060, born 15 February 1958 in British Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong businessman. Cheung is a former Non-official member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong, a chairman of Hong Kong Mercantile Exchange (HKMEx), and former chairman of the Urban Renewal Authority.Cheung resigned from his official duties on 24 May 2013 amidst controversy and over the suspension of HKMEx by the securities regulator and allegations of possible irregularities at the exchange. The HKMex was subsequently wound up. Cheung was under criminal investigation by the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC), on whose advisory committee Cheung had himself served, for allegedly receiving a $70M loan from a developer while he was Chairman of the Urban Renewal Authority. As reported on 1 June 2013 in the South China Morning Post. The government announced that Cheung was under investigation for criminal misconduct. On 15 April 2015, Cheung was declared bankrupt in the High Court.", "Q513413": "Susan Margaret Bullock CBE (born 9 December 1958 in Cheshire) is a British soprano. She has performed dramatic soprano parts at major opera houses, and also sung in concert and recital.\nBullock was educated at Cheadle Hulme School, and further at Royal Holloway College, University of London, the Royal Academy of Music and the National Opera Studio. Her talent was first recognised after she received first prize in the 1984 Kathleen Ferrier Award, which led to her being offered roles by the English National Opera.Bullock has a Welsh background and has recorded music in Welsh.She developed an international career in the mid-1990s as she moved increasingly into late-Romantic and 20th Century German opera repertoire, with engagements at the Frankfurt Opera and Garsington Opera, where she sang Helen in the first British performance of Richard Strauss' Die \u00e4gyptische Helena in 1998. Her assumption of Isolde in Wagner's Tristan und Isolde in productions at Opera North, Leeds and the English National Opera confirmed her command of the dramatic soprano repertoire. She sang Brunnhilde in Der Ring des Nibelungen first in Tokyo, and in 2007 performed the role in the first complete Ring cycle by the Canadian Opera Company in their new Toronto opera house.\nShe made her debut at both La Scala, Milan and the Metropolitan Opera, New York in the title role of Richard Strauss' Elektra. In 2009, she received the Royal Philharmonic Society's award for best singer for her assumption of Elektra in a production at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. She had made her Covent Garden debut previously as Marie in Berg's Wozzeck.\nShe sang Brunnhilde in all performances of Der Ring des Nibelungen at Covent Garden in the London Olympic Year, Autumn 2012. Recordings notably include Richard Strauss' Salome in the Chandos \"Opera in English\" series conducted Sir Charles Mackerras, and live performances of the Frankfurt Ring cycle, conducted by Sebastian Weigle. Other houses she has sung in include Dresden, Berlin Staatsoper, Teatro Col\u00f3n (Buenos Aires), Sydney Opera House, La Monnaie (Brussels), Prinzregententheater (Munich), Lisbon and Toulouse. She sings in several languages\u2014her performances include Jan\u00e1\u010dek in Czech, and she has sung contemporary as well as the classical repertoire. \nShe was the solo soprano at the 2011 Last Night of the Proms on 10 September 2011, performing Brunnhilde's Immolation Scene from Act 3 of G\u00f6tterd\u00e4mmerung in Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle, as well as the traditional Rule, Britannia and Land of Hope and Glory. \nShe was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to opera.", "Q212224": "Liam P\u00e1draic Aiken (born January 7, 1990) is an American actor. He has starred in films such as Stepmom (1998), Road to Perdition (2002), and Good Boy! (2003), and played Klaus Baudelaire in Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004), based on the series of books.", "Q3082595": "The Mouvement des entreprises de France (MEDEF), or the Movement of the Enterprises of France, is the largest employer federation in France. Established in 1998, it replaced the Conseil national du patronat Fran\u00e7ais (CNPF), or the \"National Council of the French Employers\", which was founded in 1946.It has more than 750,000 member firms, 90 percent of them being small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with fewer than 50 employees. MEDEF is engaged in lobbying at local, regional, national, and EU-wide levels.Every year, MEDEF International organises a number of delegations of French business leaders with tangible projects to targeted countries, especially developing countries. MEDEF espouses \u201csustainable development\u201d, raising companies\u2019 awareness to the fact that environmental protection can also feature among their competitive advantages.\nIts current president, is Geoffrey Roux de Bezieux as of July 2018.", "Q128672": "Sir Charles Tupper, 1st Baronet, (July 2, 1821 \u2013 October 30, 1915) was a Canadian father of Confederation: as the premier of Nova Scotia from 1864 to 1867, he led Nova Scotia into Confederation. He went on to serve as the sixth prime minister of Canada, sworn into office on May 1, 1896, seven days after parliament had been dissolved. He lost the June 23 election and resigned on July 8, 1896. His 69-day term as prime minister is currently the shortest in Canadian history.\nTupper was born in Amherst, Nova Scotia to the Rev. Charles Tupper and Miriam Lockhart. He was educated at Horton Academy, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, and studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh Medical School, graduating MD in 1843. By the age of 22 he had handled 116 obstetric cases. He practiced medicine periodically throughout his political career (and served as the first president of the Canadian Medical Association). He entered Nova Scotian politics in 1855 as a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of James William Johnston. During Johnston's tenure as premier of Nova Scotia in 1857\u201359 and 1863\u201364, Tupper served as provincial secretary. Tupper replaced Johnston as premier in 1864. As premier, he established public education in Nova Scotia and expanded Nova Scotia's railway network in order to promote industry.\nBy 1860, Tupper supported a union of all the colonies of British North America. Believing that immediate union of all the colonies was impossible, in 1864, he proposed a Maritime Union. However, representatives of the Province of Canada asked to be allowed to attend the meeting in Charlottetown scheduled to discuss Maritime Union in order to present a proposal for a wider union, and the Charlottetown Conference thus became the first of the three conferences that secured Canadian Confederation. Tupper also represented Nova Scotia at the other two conferences, the Quebec Conference (1864) and the London Conference of 1866. In Nova Scotia, Tupper organized a Confederation Party to combat the activities of the Anti-Confederation Party organized by Joseph Howe and successfully led Nova Scotia into Confederation.\nFollowing the passage of the British North America Act in 1867, Tupper resigned as premier of Nova Scotia and began a career in federal politics. He held multiple cabinet positions under Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald, including President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada (1870\u201372), Minister of Inland Revenue (1872\u201373), Minister of Customs (1873\u201374), Minister of Public Works (1878\u201379), and Minister of Railways and Canals (1879\u201384). Initially groomed as Macdonald's successor, Tupper had a falling out with Macdonald, and by the early 1880s, he asked Macdonald to appoint him as Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. Tupper took up his post in London in 1883, and would remain High Commissioner until 1895, although in 1887\u201388, he served as Minister of Finance without relinquishing the High Commissionership.\nIn 1895, the government of Sir Mackenzie Bowell floundered over the Manitoba Schools Question; as a result, several leading members of the Conservative Party of Canada demanded the return of Tupper to serve as prime minister. Tupper accepted this invitation and returned to Canada, becoming prime minister in May 1896. An election was called, just before he was sworn in as prime minister, which his party lost to Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberals. Tupper served as Leader of the Opposition from July 1896 until 1900, at which point he returned to London, England, where he lived until his death in 1915 and was laid to rest back in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He was the last surviving Canadian father of Confederation. In 2016, he was posthumously inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame.", "Q116944": "Jean-Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Osterwald (or Ostervald) (25 November 1663 \u2013 14 April 1747) was a Protestant pastor from Neuch\u00e2tel (now in Switzerland).", "Q538696": "Priscilla Marie Winans Love, known professionally as CeCe Winans, (born October 8, 1964) is an American gospel singer who has won 12 Grammy Awards and sold over 15 million records worldwide. She is the best-selling female gospel artist of all time, as of 2015.", "Q60182": "Johannes Hermann Zukertort (Polish: Jan Hermann Cukiertort; 7 September 1842 \u2013 20 June 1888) was a leading German-British chess master. He was one of the leading world players for most of the 1870s and 1880s, and lost to Wilhelm Steinitz in the World Chess Championship 1886, which is generally regarded as the first World Chess Championship match. He was also defeated by Steinitz in 1872 in an unofficial championship.\nZukertort filled his relatively short life with a wide range of other achievements as a soldier, musician, linguist, journalist and political activist. He became a naturalised citizen of the United Kingdom in 1878.", "Q1341479": "Jos\u00e9 Efromovich (born 1955 in La Paz, Bolivia) is a Brazilian businessman of Polish-Jewish descent. He is CEO of the Brazilian airline Avianca Brazil and has a seat in the supervisory board of the AviancaTaca Holding company. His brother is Germ\u00e1n Efromovich, the owner of AviancaTaca. The Efromovich family created the Synergy Group in 2003, an industrial conglomerate in Brazil operating in various business segments. The multinational he heads with his brother has capital invested in companies in the aeronautical, energy, oil, and shipping sectors in several Latin American countries.", "Q94765": "James Wilson (3 June 1805 \u2013 11 August 1860) was a Scottish businessman, economist, and Liberal politician who founded The Economist weekly and the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, which merged with Standard Bank in 1969 to form Standard Chartered.", "Q17080059": "Sense8 (a play on the word sensate ) is an American science fiction drama web television series created by Lana and Lilly Wachowski and J. Michael Straczynski for Netflix. The production companies behind Sense8 include the Wachowskis' Anarchos Productions (replaced by Lana and her wife's Venus Castina Productions in the second season), Straczynski's Studio JMS, and Georgeville Television, with Unpronounceable Productions having been set up specifically for this show.\nThe show's first season introduced a multinational ensemble cast, with Aml Ameen, Doona Bae, Jamie Clayton, Tina Desai, Tuppence Middleton, Max Riemelt, Miguel \u00c1ngel Silvestre, and Brian J. Smith portraying eight strangers from different parts of the world who suddenly discover that they are \"sensates\": human beings who are mentally and emotionally linked. Freema Agyeman, Terrence Mann, Anupam Kher, Naveen Andrews, and Daryl Hannah also star. In the second season Toby Onwumere replaces Ameen. The show explores subjects that its creators feel have not been emphasized in many science fiction shows to date, such as politics, identity, sexuality, gender, and religion.All episodes of the first season of Sense8 were written by the Wachowskis and Straczynski; in the second season, Lilly Wachowski took a break from the show, and the episodes were written by just Lana Wachowski and Straczynski, with the exception of the series finale which was written by Lana, David Mitchell, and Aleksandar Hemon. Most episodes were directed by the Wachowskis (or just Lana, in the second season), with the remainder being divided between their frequent collaborators James McTeigue, Tom Tykwer, and Dan Glass. Sense8 was filmed almost entirely on location in a multitude of cities around the world.\nThe first season, consisting of 12 episodes, became available for streaming on Netflix on June 5, 2015, and was met with generally favorable critical reception. It was praised for its representation of LGBTQ characters and themes, winning the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Drama Series. It was also recognized with a Location Managers Guild award for its use of locations as an integral part of the story, and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music.\nThe second season began with a two-hour Christmas special in December 2016, with the remaining 10 episodes released in May 2017. However the following month Netflix announced that they had cancelled the series, which had ended with a cliffhanger in expectation of a third season, then under negotiation. In response to criticism of the cancellation, especially with an unresolved story, Netflix produced a two-and-a-half-hour series finale, which was released on June 8, 2018. The season was overall met with positive critical reception and received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series (One Hour), and two nominations by the GLAAD Media Awards for Outstanding Drama Series and Outstanding TV Movie or Limited Series for the season proper and series finale, respectively.", "Q84576": "Salka Viertel (15 June 1889 \u2013 20 October 1978) was an Austrian Jewish actress and Hollywood screenwriter. While under contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1933 to 1937, Viertel co-wrote the scripts for many movies, particularly those starring her close friend Greta Garbo, including Queen Christina (1933) and Anna Karenina (1935). She also played opposite Garbo in MGM's German-language version of Anna Christie in 1930.", "Q673439": "Carlos Mar\u00eda Dom\u00ednguez (born 23 April 1955 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine writer and journalist who lives in Montevideo since 1989.", "Q76938": "August Heinrich Hoffmann (listen , calling himself 'von Fallersleben', after his hometown ; 2 April 1798 \u2013 19 January 1874) was a German poet. He is best known for writing \"Das Lied der Deutschen\", its third stanza now being the national anthem of Germany, and a number of popular children's songs, considered part of the Young Germany movement.", "Q1149089": "Columbia Law School (often referred to as Columbia Law or CLS) is a professional graduate school of Columbia University, a member of the Ivy League. Columbia is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious law schools in the world and has always been ranked in the Top Five law schools in the United States by U.S. News and World Report. Columbia is especially well known for its strength in corporate law and its placement power in the nation's elite law firms.Columbia Law School was founded in 1858 as the Columbia College Law School, and was known for its legal scholarship dating back to the 18th century. Graduates of the university's colonial predecessor, King's College, include such notable early-American legal figures as John Jay, the first chief justice of the United States, and Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury, who were both co-authors of The Federalist Papers.\nColumbia has produced many distinguished alumni, including US presidents Teddy Roosevelt and Franklin Delano Roosevelt; nine justices of the Supreme Court of the United States; numerous U.S. Cabinet members and presidential advisers; US senators; representatives; governors; and more members of the Forbes 400 than any other law school in the world.According to Columbia Law School's 2013 ABA-required disclosures; 95% of the Class of 2013 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment within nine months of graduation, with the 25th percentile, median, and 75th percentile starting salary for graduates all being $180,000 (including the standard first year associate bonus of $15,000, this figure rises to $195,000). The law school was ranked #1 of all law schools nationwide by the National Law Journal in terms of sending the highest percentage of 2015 graduates to the largest 100 law firms in the US (52.6%).", "Q2634": "Naples (; Italian: Napoli [\u02c8na\u02d0poli] (listen); Neapolitan: Napule [\u02c8n\u0251\u02d0p\u0259l\u0259, \u02c8n\u0251\u02d0pul\u0259]; Ancient Greek: \u039d\u03b5\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2, romanized: Ne\u00e1polis) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy after Rome and Milan. In 2017, around 967,069 people lived within the city's administrative limits; its province-level municipality has a population of 3,115,320 residents. Its continuously built-up metropolitan area (that stretches beyond the boundaries of the Metropolitan City of Naples) is the third largest metropolitan area in Italy and one of the most densely populated cities in Europe.\nFirst settled by Greeks in the second millennium BC, Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited urban areas in the world. In the ninth century BC, a colony known as Parthenope or \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7 was established on the Island of Megaride. In the 6th century BC, it was refounded as Ne\u00e1polis. The city was an important part of Magna Graecia, played a major role in the merging of Greek and Roman society, and was a significant cultural centre under the Romans.It served as the capital of the Duchy of Naples (661\u20131139), then of the Kingdom of Naples (1282\u20131816), and finally of the Two Sicilies until the unification of Italy in 1861. Naples is also considered a capital of the Baroque, beginning with the artist Caravaggio's career in the 17th century, and the artistic revolution he inspired. Due to poverty and lack of opportunity, waves of Italians emigrated from Naples in the late 19th and early 20th century, with most going to the United States, where they settled in industrial cities. Between 1925 and 1936, Naples was expanded and upgraded by Benito Mussolini's government. During the later years of World War II, it sustained severe damage from Allied bombing as they invaded the peninsula. The city received extensive post-1945 reconstruction work.Since the late 20th century, Naples has had significant economic growth, helped by the construction of the Centro Direzionale business district and an advanced transportation network, which includes the Alta Velocit\u00e0 high-speed rail link to Rome and Salerno and an expanded subway network. Naples is the third-largest urban economy in Italy, after Milan and Rome. The Port of Naples is one of the most important in Europe. In addition to commercial activities, it is home to the Allied Joint Force Command Naples, the NATO body that oversees North Africa, the Sahel and Middle East.Naples' historic city centre is the largest in Europe and has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A wide range of culturally and historically significant sites are nearby, including the Palace of Caserta and the Roman ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Naples is also known for its natural beauties, such as Posillipo, Phlegraean Fields, Nisida, and Vesuvius. Neapolitan cuisine is noted for its association with pizza, which originated in the city, as well as numerous other local dishes. Naples' restaurants have earned the most stars from the Michelin Guide of any Italian city. The best-known sports team in Naples is the Serie A club S.S.C. Napoli, two-time Italian champions who play football at the San Paolo Stadium in the southwest of the city, in the Fuorigrotta quarter.", "Q2159912": "Sophia Getzowa (Hebrew: \u05e1\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d2\u05e6\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4\u200e, 10 January 1872 (O.S.)/23 January 1872 (N. S.) - 11(12) July 1946) was a Belarusian-Israeli pathologist and scientist. She grew up in a Jewish shtetl in Belarus and during her medical studies at the University of Bern, she became engaged to Chaim Weizmann, who would become the first president of Israel. Together they worked in the Zionist movement. After a four year romance, Weizmann broke off their engagement and Getzowa returned to her medical studies, graduating in 1904. She carried out widely cited research on the thyroid, identifying solid cell nests (SCN) in 1907.\nBecause of her status as a Jew, a woman, and a foreigner, Getzowa's employment status was unstable. She worked through the 1920s in various locations in Switzerland and also briefly in Paris. In 1925, after a recommendation from Albert Einstein, she was hired to work as a pathologist in the yet to be created Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where she would become the first female professor in 1927. She collaborated with a wide range of European scientists over the remainder of her career, before her retirement in 1940.\n\n", "Q256466": "Capucine (6 January 1928 \u2013 17 March 1990) was a French fashion model and actress known for her comedic roles in The Pink Panther (1963) and What's New Pussycat? (1965). She appeared in 36 films and 17 television productions between 1948 and 1990.", "Q180098": "Ben-Hur is a 1959 American epic historical drama film directed by William Wyler, produced by Sam Zimbalist, and starring Charlton Heston as the title character. A remake of the 1925 silent film with a similar title, it was adapted from Lew Wallace's 1880 novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ. The screenplay is credited to Karl Tunberg, but includes contributions from Maxwell Anderson, S. N. Behrman, Gore Vidal, and Christopher Fry.\nBen-Hur had the largest budget ($15.175 million), as well as the largest sets built of any film produced at the time. Costume designer Elizabeth Haffenden oversaw a staff of 100 wardrobe fabricators to make the costumes, and a workshop employing 200 artists and workmen provided the hundreds of friezes and statues needed in the film. Filming commenced on May 18, 1958, and wrapped on January 7, 1959, with shooting lasting for 12 to 14 hours a day and six days a week. Pre-production began in Italy at Cinecitt\u00e0 around October 1957, and post-production took six months. Under cinematographer Robert L. Surtees, executives at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer made the decision to produce the film in a widescreen format. Over 200 camels and 2,500 horses were used in the shooting of the film, with some 10,000 extras. The sea battle was filmed using miniatures in a huge tank on the back lot at the MGM Studios in Culver City, California. The nine-minute chariot race has become one of cinema's most famous action sequences, and the score, composed and conducted by Mikl\u00f3s R\u00f3zsa, is the longest ever composed for a film, and was highly influential on cinema for over 15 years.\nFollowing a $14.7 million marketing effort, Ben-Hur premiered at Loew's State Theatre in New York City on November 18, 1959. It was the fastest-grossing, as well as the highest-grossing film of 1959, becoming the second highest-grossing film in history at the time, after Gone with the Wind. It won a record eleven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director (Wyler), Best Actor in a Leading Role (Heston), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Griffith), and Best Cinematography \u2013 Color (Surtees); it also won Golden Globe Awards for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama, Best Director, and Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Motion Picture for Stephen Boyd. In 1998, the American Film Institute named it the 72nd best American film and the second best American epic film in the AFI's 10 Top 10. In 2004, the National Film Preservation Board selected Ben-Hur for preservation by the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\"", "Q284534": "Father Leonard Edward Feeney (February 18, 1897 \u2013 January 30, 1978) was an American Jesuit priest, poet, lyricist, and essayist.\nHe articulated a particular interpretation of the Roman Catholic doctrine extra Ecclesiam nulla salus (\"outside the Church there is no salvation\"). He took the position that baptism of blood and baptism of desire are unavailing and that therefore no non-Catholics will be saved. Fighting against what he perceived to be the liberalization of Catholic doctrine, he came under ecclesiastical censure. He was described as Boston's homegrown version of Father Charles Coughlin for his antisemitism.", "Q312542": "Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmait\u00e1n (August 30, 1850 \u2013 July 4, 1896), commonly known as Marcelo H. del Pilar and also known by his pen name Plaridel, was a Filipino writer, lawyer, journalist, and freemason. Del Pilar, along with Jos\u00e9 Rizal and Graciano L\u00f3pez Jaena, became known as the leaders of the Reform Movement in Spain.Del Pilar was born and brought up in Bulakan, Bulacan. At an early age, he became a critic of the monastic rule in the country (the Spanish friars). He was suspended at the University of Santo Tomas and jailed in 1869 after he and the parish priest quarrelled over exorbitant baptismal fees. In the 1880s, he expanded his anti-friar movement from Malolos to Manila. He went to Spain in 1888 after an order of banishment was issued against him. Twelve months after his arrival in Barcelona, he succeeded L\u00f3pez Jaena as editor of the La Solidaridad (Solidarity). Publication of the newspaper stopped in 1895 due to lack of funds. Losing hope in reforms, he grew favorable of a revolution against Spain. He was on his way home in 1896 when he contracted tuberculosis in Barcelona. He later died in a public hospital and was buried in a pauper's grave.On November 30, 1997, the Technical Committee of the National Heroes Committee, created through Executive Order No. 5 by former President Fidel Ramos, recommended del Pilar along with the eight Filipino historical figures to be National Heroes. The recommendations were submitted to Department of Education Secretary Ricardo T. Gloria on November 22, 1995. No action has been taken for these recommended historical figures. In 2009, this issue was revisited in one of the proceedings of the 14th Congress.\n\n", "Q1752180": "Pic Tyndall (from French: lit, Tyndall Peak) is a minor summit below the Matterhorn (western shoulder) in the Pennine Alps, on the boundary between Aosta Valley (northern Italy) and Switzerland. Because of its small prominence it was included in the enlarged list of alpine four-thousanders. It was named in honour of John Tyndall who made the first ascent.", "Q144970": "Hatari! (pronounced [h\u0251t\u0251ri], Swahili for \"Danger!\") is a 1962 American adventure romantic comedy film directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Wayne. It portrays a group of professional game catchers in Africa. The film includes dramatic wildlife chases and the scenic backdrop of Mount Meru, a dormant volcano.\nHatari! was shot in Technicolor and filmed on location in northern Tanganyika (in what is now Tanzania). As of January 2020, Hardy Kr\u00fcger is the last living principal cast member.", "Q47529": "Kim Hwang-sik (Korean: \uae40\ud669\uc2dd; Hanja: \u91d1\u6ec9\u690d; born 9 August 1948) is a South Korean lawyer and politician who was the country's Prime Minister from October 2010 to February 2013. He was the former Chairperson of the Board of Audit and Inspection. He was the only member in the Lee Myung-bak Government who came from the liberal Honam Region.", "Q5267149": "Devil's Gate is an adventure novel in author Clive Cussler's The NUMA Files. Co-written with Graham Brown, this installment is the ninth of that series which features the main character Kurt Austin. The story follows employees of NUMA (National Underwater and Marine Agency) who discover someone is developing a directed-energy weapon and thwart the dictator of Sierre Leone, Djemma Garand, and the mercenary group led by Andras the Knife before they are able to use the weapon. The hardcover edition was released November 14, 2011, it was subsequently released as a paperback, audiobook and ebook. It appeared on several best-seller lists and was describe by reviewers as being suitable for fans of Cussler and action-adventure stories.", "Q313884": "Just Married is a 2003 American romantic comedy film directed by Shawn Levy, written by Sam Harper, and stars Ashton Kutcher and Brittany Murphy. Produced by Robert Simonds, the film was successful at the box office despite generally negative critical reviews.", "Q541427": "The German V\u00f6lkisch Freedom Party (German: Deutschv\u00f6lkische Freiheitspartei, or DVFP) was an early Nazi political party of Weimar Germany that took its name from the V\u00f6lkisch movement, a populist movement focused on folklore and the German Volk.\nThe DVFP was founded on December 16, 1922, when Wilhelm Henning, Reinhold Wulle and Albrecht von Graefe broke from the German National People's Party (DNVP). Leading right-wing figures such as Ernst Graf zu Reventlow, Artur Dinter and Theodor Fritsch joined the party on its foundation. Many members of the Deutschv\u00f6lkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund joined the DVFP after the former was banned.\nAfter the Nazi Party was banned in 1924, the DVFP merged with many Nazis to form the National Socialist Freedom Movement, a move endorsed by Erich Ludendorff and encouraged by Graefe, who hoped to gain control of the far right as a whole. However this alliance was not a success and thus Graefe and Wulle reformed the DVFP as a rival to the Nazi Party in 1925.", "Q209176": "Ely ( (listen) EE-lee) is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England, about 14 miles (23 km) north-northeast of Cambridge and about 80 miles (129 km) by road from London. \u00c6thelthryth (also known as Etheldreda) founded an abbey at Ely in 673; the abbey was destroyed in 870 by Danish invaders and was rebuilt by \u00c6thelwold, Bishop of Winchester, in 970. Construction of the cathedral was started in 1083 by a Norman abbot, Simeon. Alan of Walsingham's octagon, built over Ely's nave crossing between 1322 and 1328, is the \"greatest individual achievement of architectural genius at Ely Cathedral\", according to architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner. Building continued until the dissolution of the abbey in 1539 during the Reformation. The cathedral was sympathetically restored between 1845 and 1870 by the architect George Gilbert Scott. As the seat of a diocese, Ely has long been considered a city; in 1974, city status was granted by royal charter.\nEly is built on a 23-square-mile (60 km2) Kimmeridge Clay island which, at 85 feet (26 m), is the highest land in the Fens. Major rivers including the Witham, Welland, Nene and Great Ouse feed into the Fens and, until draining commenced in the 17th century, formed freshwater marshes and meres within which peat was laid down. There are two Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the city: a former Kimmeridge Clay quarry, and one of the United Kingdom's best remaining examples of medieval ridge and furrow agriculture.\nThe economy of the region is mainly agricultural. Before the Fens were drained, the harvesting of osier (willow) and sedge (rush) and the extraction of peat were important activities, as were eel fishing\u2014from which the settlement's name may have been derived\u2014and wildfowling. The city had been the centre of local pottery production for more than 700 years, including pottery known as Babylon ware. A Roman road, Akeman Street, passes through the city; the southern end is at Ermine Street near Wimpole and its northern end is at Brancaster. Little direct evidence of Roman occupation in Ely exists, although there are nearby Roman settlements such as those at Little Thetford and Stretham. A coach route, known to have existed in 1753 between Ely and Cambridge, was improved in 1769 as a turnpike (toll road). The present-day A10 closely follows this route; a southwestern bypass of the city was built in 1986. Ely railway station, built in 1845, is on the Fen Line and is now a railway hub, with lines north to King's Lynn, northwest to Peterborough, east to Norwich, southeast to Ipswich and south to Cambridge and London.\nThe King's School is a coeducational boarding school which was granted a royal charter in 1541 by Henry VIII; the school claims to have existed since 970. Henry I granted the first annual Fair, Saint Audrey's (or Etheldreda's) seven-day event, to the abbot and convent on 10 October 1189; the word \"tawdry\" originates from cheap lace sold at this fair. Present-day annual events include the Eel Festival in May, established in 2004, and a fireworks display in Ely Park, first staged in 1974. The city of Ely has been twinned with Denmark's oldest town, Ribe, since 1956. Ely City Football Club was formed in 1885.", "Q46637": "Maximum Overdrive is a 1986 American comedy horror film written and directed by Stephen King. The film stars Emilio Estevez, Pat Hingle, Laura Harrington, and Yeardley Smith. The screenplay was inspired by and loosely based on King's short story \"Trucks\", which was included in the author's first collection of short stories, Night Shift.\nMaximum Overdrive is King's only directorial effort, though dozens of films have been based on his novels or short stories. The film contained black humor elements and a generally campy tone, which contrasts with King's sombre subject matter in books. The film has a mid-1980s hard rock soundtrack composed entirely by the group AC/DC, King's favorite band. AC/DC's album Who Made Who was released as the Maximum Overdrive soundtrack. It includes the best-selling singles \"Who Made Who\", \"You Shook Me All Night Long\", and \"Hells Bells\".\nThe film was nominated for two Golden Raspberry Awards including Worst Director for King and Worst Actor for Estevez in 1987, but both lost against Prince for Under the Cherry Moon. In 1988, Maximum Overdrive was nominated for \"Best Film\" at the International Fantasy Film Awards. King himself described the film as a \"moron movie\". He considers the process a learning experience, after which he intended never to direct again.", "Q314133": "Anton Viktorovich Yelchin (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u043d, IPA: [\u0250n\u02c8ton \u02c8jel\u02b2t\u0255\u026an]; March 11, 1989 \u2013 June 19, 2016) was an American actor. He played Pavel Chekov in three Star Trek films: Star Trek (2009), Star Trek Into Darkness (2013), and the posthumously released Star Trek Beyond (2016). Born to a Russian Jewish family in Leningrad, Yelchin and his family moved to the United States when he was a baby. In the late 1990s, Yelchin began appearing in television and film roles. His role in Steven Spielberg's miniseries Taken helped further his career. Yelchin also starred in Huff, the films Fright Night, Hearts in Atlantis, Alpha Dog, Like Crazy, Green Room, and the posthumously released Trollhunters.", "Q783906": "Neurology (from Greek: \u03bd\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd (ne\u00fbron), \"string, nerve\" and the suffix -logia, \"study of\") is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Neurology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the central and peripheral nervous systems (and their subdivisions, the autonomic and somatic nervous systems), including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, such as muscle. Neurological practice relies heavily on the field of neuroscience, the scientific study of the nervous system. \nA neurologist is a physician specializing in neurology and trained to investigate, or diagnose and treat neurological disorders. Neurologists may also be involved in clinical research, clinical trials, and basic or translational research. While neurology is a nonsurgical specialty, its corresponding surgical specialty is neurosurgery.Significant overlap occurs between the fields of neurology and psychiatry, with the boundary between the two disciplines and the conditions they treat being somewhat nebulous.", "Q105092": "Mercia (; Old English: Miercna r\u012bce; Latin: Merciorum regnum) was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. The name is a Latinisation of the Old English Mierce or Myrce (West Saxon dialect; Merce in the Mercian dialect itself), meaning \"border people\" (see March). Mercia dominated what would later become England for three centuries, subsequently going into a gradual decline while Wessex eventually conquered and united all the kingdoms into the Kingdom of England.The kingdom was centred on the valley of the River Trent and its tributaries, in the region now known as the English Midlands. The kingdom did not have a single capital as such. In times before a sizable civil service the 'capital' was effectively wherever the king was at any given time. Early in its existence Repton seems to have been the location of an important royal estate. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, it was from Repton in 873\u20134 that the Great Heathen Army deposed the King of Mercia. Slightly earlier, King Offa seems to have favoured Tamworth. It was there where he was crowned and spent many a Christmas.\nFor 300 years (between 600 and 900), having annexed or gained submissions from five of the other six kingdoms of the Heptarchy (East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Wessex), Mercia dominated England south of the River Humber: this period is known as the Mercian Supremacy. The reign of King Offa, who is best remembered for his Dyke that designated the boundary between Mercia and the Welsh kingdoms, is sometimes known as the \"Golden Age of Mercia\". Nicholas Brooks noted that \"the Mercians stand out as by far the most successful of the various early Anglo-Saxon peoples until the later ninth century\", and some historians, such as Sir Frank Stenton, believe the unification of England south of the Humber estuary was achieved during the reign of Offa.Mercia was a pagan kingdom; King Peada converted to Christianity around 656, and Christianity was firmly established in the kingdom by the late 7th century. The Diocese of Mercia was founded in 656, with the first bishop, Diuma, based at Repton. After 13 years at Repton, in 669 the fifth bishop, Saint Chad, moved the bishopric to Lichfield, where it has been based since. In 691, the Diocese of Mercia became the Diocese of Lichfield. For a brief period between 787 and 799 the diocese was an archbishopric, although it was dissolved in 803. The current bishop, Michael Ipgrave, is the 99th since the diocese was established.\nAt the end of the 9th century, following the invasions of the Vikings and their Great Heathen Army, much of the former Mercian territory was absorbed into the Danelaw. At its height, the Danelaw included London, all of East Anglia and most of the North of England.\nThe final Mercian king, Ceolwulf II, died in 879; the kingdom appears to have thereby lost its political independence. Initially, it was ruled by a lord or ealdorman under the overlordship of Alfred the Great, who styled himself \"King of the Anglo-Saxons\". The kingdom had a brief period of independence in the mid-10th century, and again very briefly in 1016; however, by this time, it was viewed as a province within the Kingdom of England, not an independent kingdom.\nMercia is still used as a geographic designation, and the name is used by a wide range of organisations, including military units, public, commercial and voluntary bodies.", "Q463692": "Jennifer Schwalbach Smith (born April 7, 1971), sometimes credited as Jennifer Schwalbach, is an American actress, podcaster and retired reporter for USA Today.", "Q67821": "Rubigen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\n\n", "Q237098": "Louise Lab\u00e9, (c. 1524, Lyon \u2013 25 April 1566, Parcieux), also identified as La Belle Cordi\u00e8re (The Beautiful Ropemaker), was a feminist French poet of the Renaissance born in Lyon, the daughter of wealthy ropemaker Pierre Charly and his second wife, Etiennette Roybet.", "Q234591": "Yumiko Shiina (\u690e\u540d \u88d5\u7f8e\u5b50, Shiina Yumiko, born November 25, 1978), known by her stage name Ringo Sheena (\u690e\u540d \u6797\u6a8e, Shiina Ringo), is a Japanese singer, songwriter and musician. She was also the founder and lead vocalist of the band Tokyo Jihen.\nShe describes herself as \"Shinjuku-kei Jisaku-Jien-ya (\u65b0\u5bbf\u7cfb\u81ea\u4f5c\u81ea\u6f14\u5c4b, a Shinjuku-style writer-performer)\". She was ranked number 36 in a list of Japan's top 100 musicians compiled by HMV in 2003.", "Q99255": "Hans Adlhoch (29 January 1883 in Straubing, Lower Bavaria \u2013 21 May 1945 in Munich) was a German politician, representative of the Bavarian People's Party. He was a member of the City Council at Augsburg, and from January\u2013March 1933 was Reichstag deputy. He was imprisoned at Dachau concentration camp on 21 September 1944 in his connection with the 20 July Plot \nto assassinate Adolf Hitler. He died shortly after the camp's liberation in a Munich hospital. He is commemorated in the Memorial to the Murdered Members of the Reichstag at Berlin, Germany.", "Q131337": "Azerbaijan ( (listen) AZ-\u0259r-by-JAHN; Azerbaijani: \u0410\u0437\u04d9\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0458\u04b9\u0430\u043d / Az\u0259rbaycan), officially the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijan SSR; Azerbaijani: \u0410\u0437\u04d9\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0458\u04b9\u0430\u043d \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0441\u044b / Az\u0259rbaycan Sovet Sosialist Respublikas\u0131, Russian: \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 [\u0410\u0437\u0421\u0421\u0420], romanized: Azerbaydzhanskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika [AzSSR]), also referred to as Soviet Azerbaijan, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union between 1922 and 1991. Created on 28 April 1920 when Soviet Russia brought pro-Soviet figures to power in the region, the first two years of the Azerbaijani SSR were as an independent country until incorporation into the Transcausasian SFSR, along with the Armenian SSR and the Georgian SSR. \nIn December 1922, the Transcaucasian SFSR became part of the newly established Soviet Union. The Constitution of Azerbaijan SSR was approved by the 9th Extraordinary All-Azerbaijani Congress of Soviets on 14 March 1937. On 5 February 1991, Azerbaijan SSR was renamed the Republic of Azerbaijan according to the Decision No.16-XII of Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan approving the Decree of the President of Azerbaijan SSR dated 29 November 1990, remaining in the USSR for another period before its independence in October 1991. The Constitution of the Azerbaijan SSR ceased to exist in 1995, upon the adoption of the new Constitution of Azerbaijan.", "Q224782": "Sin\u00e9ad Moira Cusack ( shin-AYD; born 18 February 1948) is an Irish stage, television and film actress. Her first acting roles were at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, before moving to London in 1975 to join the Royal Shakespeare Company. She has won the Critics' Circle and Evening Standard Awards for her performance in Sebastian Barry's Our Lady of Sligo. Cusack has received two Tony Award nominations: once for Best Leading Actress in Much Ado About Nothing (1985), and again for Best Featured Actress in Rock 'n' Roll (2008). She has also received five Olivier Award nominations for As You Like (1981), The Maid's Tragedy (also 1981), The Taming of the Shrew (1983), Our Lady of Sligo (1998) and Rock 'n' Roll (2007).\nCusack married British actor Jeremy Irons in 1978; the couple have two sons: Samuel James (b. 1978), and Maximilian Paul (b. 1985). Prior to her marriage she had given birth to another son, the Irish member of parliament Richard Boyd Barrett (b. 1967), whom she put up for adoption. They have since been reunited, and Cusack has supported him in his political campaigns.\nAlong with her husband, Cusack was named in a list of the biggest private financial donors to the British Labour Party in 1998.", "Q392424": "Act of Love (French title: Un acte d'amour) is a 1953 American romantic drama film directed by Anatole Litvak, starring Kirk Douglas and Dany Robin. It is based on the novel The Girl on the Via Flaminia by Alfred Hayes. A Parisian falls in love with an American soldier near the end of World War II.", "Q1329": "Manuel Bulnes Prieto (American Spanish: [ma\u02c8nwel \u02c8\u03b2ulnes]; December 25, 1799 \u2013 October 18, 1866) was a Chilean military and political figure. He was twice President of Chile, from 1841 to 1846 and from 1846 to 1851.\nBorn in Concepci\u00f3n, he served as the president of Chile between 1841 and 1851. At the age of 16 he was imprisoned as a revolutionary by the Spanish authorities, but was soon released, and in 1818 joined the army of San Martin under whom he served as colonel throughout the Chilean War of Independence. After three years of continuous warfare (1820\u201323), he accomplished the temporary conquest of the Araucanian Indians. He was appointed brigadier general in 1831. In 1832 he crossed the Cordillera and defeated decisively the Pincheira brothers in the battle of Epulafqu\u00e9n. Then Bulnes commanded the Chilean army in 1838 against Gen. Santa Cruz in Peru; and, after taking Lima and winning the battles of Huaraz and Puente del Buin, combined his forces with those of Gamarra and defeated Santa Cruz at the Battle of Yungay (January 19, 1839), thus putting an end to the confederation between Peru and Bolivia.", "Q724207": "Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University (formerly Azerbaijan State Oil Academy) (Azerbaijani: Az\u0259rbaycan D\u00f6vl\u0259t Neft v\u0259 S\u0259naye Universiteti, \u0410\u0437\u04d9\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0458\u04b9\u0430\u043d \u0414\u04e9\u0432\u043b\u04d9\u0442 \u041d\u0435\u0444\u0442 \u0432\u04d9 \u0421\u04d9\u043d\u0430\u0458\u0435 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438) is a tertiary education institution in Baku, Azerbaijan.\n\n", "Q91609": "Nyanatiloka Mahathera (19 February 1878, Wiesbaden, Germany \u2013 28 May 1957, Colombo, Ceylon), born as Anton Walther Florus Gueth, was one of the earliest westerners in modern times to become a Bhikkhu, a fully ordained Buddhist monk.", "Q254265": "James Robertson Justice (born James Norval Harald Justice; 15 June 1907 \u2013 2 July 1975) was a British character actor who appeared in British films during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s.", "Q321188": "Boris Gavriilovich Shpitalny (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439; 7 August [O.S. 25 July] 1902 \u2013 6 February 1972) was a Soviet designer of aircraft guns and cannons and one of the first people awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor.Boris Shpitalny graduated from MAMI Moscow State Technical University in 1927. Three years later, Boris Shpitalny together with Irinarkh Komaritsky designed the ShKAS machine gun, a 7.62 mm machine gun widely used by Soviet aircraft in the 1930s and during World War II. In 1939, a small number of Ultra-ShKAS were produced featuring a firing rate of 3,000 rounds per minute, but these saw only limited use due to reliability problems. ShKAS served as the basis for the ShVAK cannon in 1936 (designed in collaboration with Semyon Vladimirov). This 20-mm autocannon was installed in many Soviet aircraft including Yakovlev Yak-1, Polikarpov I-153 and I-16, Lavochkin La-5 and La-7, LaGG-3, early Ilyushin Il-2, and Soviet-modified Hawker Hurricane aircraft, as well as T-38 and T-60 tanks. His 37 mm autocannon, the Sh-37, was less successful though, and saw only brief service between 1941 and 1942.In 1934-1953, Boris Shpitalny was the head and chief designer of the special design bureau number 15 (\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u041a\u0411 15) and then a professor at the Moscow Institute of Geodesy, Aerial Photography & Mapmaking. For his development of new types of aircraft guns, he was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labour in 1940, two USSR State Prizes in 1941 and 1942, and various medals.\n\n", "Q927459": "George Top\u00eerceanu (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0361\u0292e\u032ford\u0361\u0292e top\u0268r\u02c8t\u0361\u0283e\u032fanu]; March 20, 1886 \u2013 May 7, 1937) was a Romanian poet, short story writer, and humourist.", "Q90517": "Antoni Stychel (1859\u20131935) was a Polish priest, member of parliament, president of the Union of the Catholic Societies of Polish Workers (Zwi\u0105zek Katolickich Towarzystw Robotnik\u00f3w Polskich). He was one of the pioneers of the Catholic social movement in Poland.", "Q503614": "The Labour Party (Irish: P\u00e1irt\u00ed an Lucht Oibre) is a social democratic political party in the Republic of Ireland. Founded in 1912 in Clonmel, County Tipperary, by James Larkin, James Connolly, and William X. O'Brien as the political wing of the Irish Trades Union Congress, it describes itself as a \"democratic socialist party\" in its constitution. Labour continues to be the political arm of the Irish trade union and labour movement and seeks to represent workers' interests in the D\u00e1il and on a local level.\nUnlike the other main Irish political parties, Labour did not arise as a faction of the original Sinn F\u00e9in party (although it incorporated Democratic Left in 1999, a party that did trace its origins back to Sinn F\u00e9in). The party has served as a partner in coalition governments on seven occasions since its formation: six times in coalition either with Fine Gael alone or with Fine Gael and other smaller parties, and once with Fianna F\u00e1il. This gives Labour a cumulative total of nineteen years served as part of a government, the second-longest total of any party in the Republic of Ireland after Fianna F\u00e1il. The current party leader is Alan Kelly. It is currently the joint-fifth-largest party in D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann, with six seats.\nIn November 2018, Labour announced that they were considering running candidates again in Northern Ireland, in response to a potential merger between Fianna F\u00e1il and the Social Democratic and Labour Party, with whom Labour have long had fraternal links. The last time Labour had contested elections in the region was in 1973, shortly after the SDLP's formation.The Labour Party is a member of the Progressive Alliance, Socialist International, and Party of European Socialists (PES).\n\n", "Q7758": "Charles X (Charles Philippe; 9 October 1757 \u2013 6 November 1836) was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. For most of his life he was known as the Count of Artois (French: comte d'Artois). An uncle of the uncrowned Louis XVII and younger brother to reigning kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, he supported the latter in exile. After the Bourbon Restoration in 1814, Charles (as heir-presumptive) became the leader of the ultra-royalists, a radical monarchist faction within the French court that affirmed rule by divine right and opposed the concessions towards liberals and guarantees of civil liberties granted by the Charter of 1814. Charles gained influence within the French court after the assassination of his son Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, in 1820 and eventually succeeded his brother in 1824.His reign of almost six years proved to be deeply unpopular from the moment of his coronation in 1825, in which he tried to revive the practice of the royal touch. The governments appointed under his reign reimbursed former landowners for the abolition of feudalism at the expense of bondholders, increased the power of the Catholic Church, and reimposed capital punishment for sacrilege, leading to conflict with the liberal-majority Chamber of Deputies. Charles also initiated the French conquest of Algeria as a way to distract his citizens from domestic problems. He eventually appointed a conservative government under the premiership of Prince Jules de Polignac, who was defeated in the 1830 French legislative election. He responded with the July Ordinances disbanding the Chamber of Deputies, limiting franchise, and reimposing press censorship. Within a week France faced urban riots which led to the July Revolution of 1830, which resulted in his abdication and the election of Louis Philippe I as King of the French. Exiled once again, Charles died in 1836 in Gorizia, then part of the Austrian Empire. He was the last of the French rulers from the senior branch of the House of Bourbon.", "Q97278": "Gerhard Bletschacher (born 1931) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nHe was elected as head of the council of Munich in 1984.", "Q1067412": "Lorenzo Sanz Mancebo (9 August 1943 \u2013 21 March 2020) was a Spanish businessman who was the president of Real Madrid between 1995 and 2000, and owner of M\u00e1laga CF.", "Q887823": "Bob Bralove is an auxiliary keyboard\u2013synthesizer player who worked as a sound technician with Grateful Dead from 1986 to 1995. He was influential on their integration of MIDI technology, first working with drummers Mickey Hart and Bill Kreutzmann, keyboardist Brent Mydland, and later guitarist Bob Weir and synthesizer/piano player Vince Welnick. He also co-wrote and contributed to such songs as \"Picasso Moon\", \"Way to Go Home\", and \"Easy Answers\". Perhaps his biggest project with the band was assembling segments of Dead jams on the 1991 Infrared Roses compilation album. \"Parallelogram\" and \"Little Nemo in Nightland\" are some of his most notable \"compositions\" from this release.\nIn addition to his songwriting, producing, and MIDI programming activities for the Grateful Dead, Bralove is known for his performing and designing with the Grateful Dead and the avant-garde \"Drums and Space\" segments of their live shows with the Rhythm Devils.Bralove was also a member and producer of the Psychedelic Keyboard Trio, along with former Grateful Dead keyboardist Tom Constanten and Vince Welnick, former keyboardist for the Grateful Dead and the Tubes.", "Q111959": "Lathrop Brown (February 26, 1883 \u2013 November 28, 1959) was a wealthy United States Representative from New York. Born in New York City, he graduated from Groton School in 1900 and from Harvard University in 1903, where he was roommates with Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He engaged in the real estate business and served in Squadron A of the National Guard of New York, for five years.", "Q348658": "Stuart Leslie Goddard, better known as Adam Ant (born 3 November 1954) is an English singer and musician. He gained popularity as the lead singer of new wave group Adam and the Ants and later as a solo artist, scoring 10 UK top ten hits from 1980 to 1983, including three UK No. 1 singles. He has also worked as an actor, appearing in over two dozen films and television episodes from 1985 to 2003.\nBorn in Marylebone, London, Ant began his musical career playing bass in the band Bazooka Joe. From 1977 to 1982 he performed as Adam and the Ants and their debut album Dirk Wears White Sox (1979) reached number one on the UK Independent Albums Chart. Prior to recording his second album as Adam and the Ants, he asked producer Malcolm McLaren to manage his band, who instead took his backing band to form Bow Wow Wow. Ant regrouped with new members, including Marco Pirroni to release his second album Kings of the Wild Frontier (1980). It reached number one in the UK Album Chart, spawned three hit singles and the album was the UK number one selling album in 1981 (and the 48th best seller in 1980) and won Best British Album at the 1982 Brit Awards. He released his third and final album with the group, Prince Charming (1981), which spawned two UK number one singles \"Stand and Deliver\" and \"Prince Charming\".\nIn 1982, he disbanded his group for a solo career retaining only Marco Pirroni as a bandmember and co-songwriter for later solo albums. His first solo album was Friend or Foe (1982), which the debut single \"Goody Two-Shoes\" reached number one in the UK and Australia in 1982 and became his first top 20 hit in the United States. The album reached number five on the UK Albums Chart and number 16 on the US Billboard Album Chart, becoming his most successful solo album. His next two solo albums Strip (1983) and Vive Le Rock (1985) were less commercially successful in the UK and US and were a noted stylistic departure of his earlier rock albums being more grounded in pop and dance. During this time, Ant also began to focus on an acting career performing on stage and in television and movie roles throughout the 1980s and 1990s. He released his fourth solo album Manners & Physique (1990) which was produced by Andr\u00e9 Cymone and featured a Minneapolis sound. Despite the US Top 20 success of the single \"Room At The Top\" from that album, Ant was dropped from MCA Records and the fully recorded Persuasion (1991) was shelved and never officially released. He signed with Capitol Records to release Wonderful (1995), which featured more acoustic songs than his previous albums. The single \"Wonderful\" became Ant's third US Top 40 hit single. After a long break from music, Ant returned with his album Adam Ant Is the Blueblack Hussar in Marrying the Gunner's Daughter (2013) which was released on his own label Blueblack Hussar Records. Despite the independent self-release, the album reached number 25 on the UK Albums Chart, only one place lower than Wonderful, which was released 18 years earlier.\nSince 2010, Ant has undertaken an intense reactivation of his musical career, performing live regularly in his hometown of London and beyond, recording and releasing a new album and completing six full-length UK national tours, four US national tours, and two Australian tours and with a fifth US tour scheduled and a further album completed and awaiting release.", "Q513361": "Angela May Rippon (born 12 October 1944) is an English television journalist, newsreader, writer and presenter. Rippon presented radio and television news programmes in South West England before moving to BBC One's Nine O'Clock News, becoming a regular presenter in 1975. She was the first female journalist permanently to present the BBC national television news.\nRippon appeared on a Morecambe and Wise Christmas Show in 1976, presented the first two series of Top Gear and also presented Come Dancing. She hosted the Eurovision Song Contest in 1977. She was a presenter on, and co-founder of, breakfast television franchisee TV-am. In the 1990s, she moved to radio, presenting daily news programmes for LBC Newstalk between 1990 and 1994, and appeared on Channel 4's The Big Breakfast as a stand-in newsreader. She presented the BBC broadcast of the United Kingdom Ballroom Championships at the Bournemouth International Centre in 1991.\nRippon has written fourteen books, toured with a production of Anything Goes and presented a segment of BBC One's The One Show.\nSince 2009, she has co-presented the BBC consumer show Rip Off Britain with Gloria Hunniford and Julia Somerville and since 2013, she has co-hosted Holiday Hit Squad on the BBC alongside Helen Skelton and Joe Crowley.", "Q64496": "Oberrohrdorf is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q439588": "Torin Herbert Erskine Thatcher (15 January 1905 \u2013 4 March 1981) was an English actor who was noted for his flashy portrayals of screen villains.\n\n", "Q369696": "Ghassan Kanafani (Arabic: \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u200e\u200e, 8 April 1936 in Acre, Mandatory Palestine \u2013 8 July 1972 in Beirut, Lebanon) was a Palestinian author and a leading member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). On 8 July 1972, he was assassinated by Mossad as a response to the Lod airport massacre.", "Q130997": "Pope Damasus I (; c. 305 \u2013 11 December 384) was the bishop of Rome from October 366 to his death. He presided over the Council of Rome of 382 that determined the canon or official list of sacred scripture. He spoke out against major heresies in the church (including Apollinarianism and Macedonianism) and encouraged production of the Vulgate Bible with his support for Jerome. He helped reconcile the relations between the Church of Rome and the Church of Antioch, and encouraged the veneration of martyrs.\nAs well as various prose letters and other pieces Damasus was the author of Latin verse. Alan Cameron describes his epitaph for a young girl called Projecta (of great interest to scholars as the Projecta Casket in the British Museum may have been made for her) as \"a tissue of tags and clich\u00e9s shakily strung together and barely squeezed into the meter\".\n Damasus has been described as \"the first society Pope\", and was possibly a member of a group of Spanish Christians, largely related to each other, who were close to the Spaniard Theodosius I.A number of images of \"DAMAS\" in gold glass cups probably represent him and seem to be the first contemporary images of a pope to survive, though there is no real attempt at a likeness. \"Damas\" appears with other figures, including a Florus who may be Projecta's father. It has been suggested that Damasus or another of the group commissioned and distributed these to friends or supporters, as part of a programme \"insistently inserting his episcopal presence in the Christian landscape\".He is recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church; his feast day is 11 December. In the Eastern Orthodox Church his feast day is 13 November.", "Q286445": "Charles-\u00c9mile Reynaud (8 December 1844 \u2013 9 January 1918) was a French inventor, responsible for the praxinoscope (an animation device patented in 1877 that improved on the zoetrope) and the first projected animated films. His Pantomimes Lumineuses\npremiered on 28 October 1892 in Paris. His Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Optique film system, patented in 1888, is also notable as the first known instance of film perforations being used. The performances predated Auguste and Louis Lumi\u00e8re's first paid public screening of the cinematographe on 26 December 1895, often seen as the birth of cinema.", "Q99533": "Matthias Hinze (7 February 1969 in Berlin \u2013 13 April 2007 in Berlin) was a German actor and voice actor.", "Q454758": "Vittorio Fossombroni (15 September 1754 \u2013 13 April 1844) was an Italian statesman, mathematician, economist and engineer.", "Q10317": "Fraubrunnen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of B\u00fcren zum Hof, Etzelkofen, Grafenried, Limpach, M\u00fclchi, Schalunen and Zauggenried merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen.", "Q498420": "Michael Emmet Walsh (born March 22, 1935) is an American character actor and comedian who has appeared in over 200 films and television series. He appeared in the Coen Brothers' first film, Blood Simple (1984). He also appeared in such other films as Carl Reiner's comedy The Jerk (1979), Robert Redford's drama Ordinary People (1980), Ridley Scott's science fiction film Blade Runner (1982), Barry Sonnenfeld's steampunk western Wild Wild West (1999) and Brad Bird's animated film The Iron Giant (1999).", "Q76092": "Glam rock is a style of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s performed by musicians who wore outrageous costumes, makeup, and hairstyles, particularly platform shoes and glitter. Glam artists drew on diverse sources across music and throwaway pop culture, ranging from bubblegum pop and 1950s rock and roll to cabaret, science fiction, and complex art rock. The flamboyant clothing and visual styles of performers were often camp or androgynous, and have been described as playing with nontraditional gender roles. Glitter rock was a more extreme version of glam.The UK charts were inundated with glam rock acts from 1971 to 1975. The March 1971 appearance of T. Rex frontman Marc Bolan on the BBC's music show Top of the Pops, wearing glitter and satins, is often cited as the beginning of the movement. Other British glam rock artists include David Bowie, Mott the Hoople, Sweet, Slade, Mud, Roxy Music and Gary Glitter. Those not central to the genre, such as Elton John, Rod Stewart and Freddie Mercury of Queen, also adopted glam styles. In the United States the scene was much less prevalent, with Alice Cooper and Lou Reed the only American artists to score a hit. Other American glam artists include New York Dolls, Sparks, Suzi Quatro, Iggy Pop and Jobriath. It declined after the mid-1970s, but influenced other musical genres including punk rock, glam metal, New Romantic, deathrock and gothic rock.", "Q389004": "Wallachia or Walachia (Romanian: \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 pronounced [\u02c8t\u0361sara rom\u0268\u02c8ne\u032fask\u0259], literally The Romanian Country; archaic: \u021aeara Rum\u00e2neasc\u0103, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: \u0426\u0463\u0440\u0430 \u0420\ua64b\u043c\u046b\u043d\u0463\u0441\u043a\u044a) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia is traditionally divided into two sections, Muntenia (Greater Wallachia) and Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia). Wallachia as a whole is sometimes referred to as Muntenia through identification with the larger of the two traditional sections.\nWallachia was founded as a principality in the early 14th century by Basarab I, after a rebellion against Charles I of Hungary, although the first mention of the territory of Wallachia west of the river Olt dates to a charter given to the voivode Seneslau in 1246 by B\u00e9la IV of Hungary. In 1417, Wallachia accepted the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire; this lasted until the 19th century, albeit with brief periods of Russian occupation between 1768 and 1854.\nIn 1859, Wallachia united with Moldavia to form the United Principalities, which adopted the name Romania in 1866 and officially became the Kingdom of Romania in 1881. Later, following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the resolution of the elected representatives of Romanians in 1918, Bukovina, Transylvania as well as parts of Banat, Cri\u0219ana, and Maramure\u0219 were allocated to the Kingdom of Romania, thereby forming the modern Romanian state.", "Q46151": "Jacob Cats (10 November 1577 \u2013 12 September 1660) was a Dutch poet, humorist, jurist and politician. He is most famous for his emblem books.", "Q2822274": "The Central Academy of Drama (Chinese: \u4e2d\u592e\u620f\u5267\u5b66\u9662; pinyin: Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng X\u00ecj\u00f9 Xu\u00e9yu\u00e0n), abbreviated Zhong Xi (literally \"central drama\"), is a drama school in Beijing, China. It is a Chinese Ministry of Education Double First Class Discipline University, with Double First Class status in some disciplines. The school is the first theatre higher educational institution of the People's Republic of China. It is ranked as the best top-level drama, Film and Television arts institution in China and has been selected into the country's construction plan of world first-class disciplines. The Central Academy of Drama is a central subordinate university and is also an art college directly under the Ministry of Education. It is the highest institution of education in dramatic art among the world's leading art institutions in Chinese drama, visual arts teaching and research center. The Central Academy of Drama is also the headquarters of the World Theatre Education Alliance (WTEA), China Alliance of Theatre Higher Educational Institutes and Asia Theatre Education Centre (ATEC). The Central Academy of Drama has engaged in the practice of drama and the visual arts for more than 50 years and is a bastion of experimental theater drama in China. The school also holds the UNESCO Chair on Theatre Education.", "Q187085": "Paul J. McAuley (born 23 April 1955) is a British botanist and science fiction author.\nA biologist by training, McAuley writes mostly hard science fiction. His novels dealing with themes such as biotechnology, alternative history/alternative reality, and space travel.\nMcAuley began with far-future space opera Four Hundred Billion Stars, its sequel Eternal Light, and the planetary-colony adventure Of the Fall. Red Dust, set on a far-future Mars colonized by the Chinese, is a planetary romance featuring many emerging technologies and SF motifs: nanotechnology, biotechnology, artificial intelligence, personality downloads, virtual reality. The Confluence series, set in an even more distant future (about ten million years from now), is one of a number of novels to use Frank J. Tipler's Omega Point Theory (that the universe seems to be evolving toward a maximum degree of complexity and consciousness) as one of its themes. \nAbout the same time, he published Pasquale's Angel, set in an alternative Italian Renaissance and featuring Niccol\u00f2 Machiavegli (Machiavelli) and Leonardo da Vinci as major characters.\nMcAuley has also used biotechnology and nanotechnology themes in near-future settings: Fairyland describes a dystopian, war-torn Europe where genetically engineered \"dolls\" are used as disposable slaves. Since 2001 he has produced several SF-based techno-thrillers such as The Secret of Life, Whole Wide World, and White Devils.\nFour Hundred Billion Stars, his first novel, won the Philip K. Dick Award in 1988. Fairyland won the 1996 Arthur C. Clarke Award and the 1997 John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best SF Novel. \"The Temptation of Dr. Stein\", won the British Fantasy Award. Pasquale's Angel won the Sidewise Award for Alternate History (Long Form).", "Q1075770": "Luther Thomas Ingram (November 30, 1937 \u2013 March 19, 2007) was an American R&B and soul singer-songwriter. His most successful record, \"(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right\", reached no. 1 on the Billboard R&B chart and no. 3 on the Hot 100 in 1972.", "Q240576": "Edmondo De Amicis (Italian pronunciation: [ed\u02c8mondo de a\u02c8mi\u02d0t\u0283is]; 21 October 1846 \u2013 11 March 1908) was an Italian novelist, journalist, poet and short-story writer. His best-known book is Cuore, a children's novel translated into English as Heart.", "Q16766": "Andy Lau Tak-wah (traditional Chinese: \u5289\u5fb7\u83ef; simplified Chinese: \u5218\u5fb7\u534e, born 27 September 1961), is a Hong Kong actor, singer-songwriter and film producer. He has been one of Hong Kong's most commercially successful film actors since the mid-1980s, performing in more than 160 films while maintaining a successful singing career at the same time. In the 1990s, Lau was branded by the media as one of the Four Heavenly Kings of Cantopop and was named as \"Fourth Tiger\" among the Five Tiger Generals of TVB during the 1980sLau was entered into the Guinness World Records for the \"Most Awards Won by a Cantopop Male Artist\". By April 2000, he had already won an unprecedented total of 292 awards. Lau also holds numerous film acting awards, having won the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor three times and the Golden Horse Award for Best Leading Actor twice. In 2005, Lau received the \"No.1 Box office Actor 1985\u20132005\" award of Hong Kong, yielding a box office total of HK$1,733,275,816 for shooting 108 films in the past 20 years, and in 2007, he received the \"Nielsen Box Office Star of Asia\" award by the Nielsen Company (ACNielsen). On 25 June 2018, Lau was invited to be a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.\n\n", "Q39785": "Bad Soden (also: Bad Soden am Taunus) is a town and spa in the Main-Taunus-Kreis, Hessen, Germany. It had a population of 22,563 as of 2017, up from 21,412 in 2005.", "Q103385": "Rainer Kaufmann (born 6 June 1959) is a German film director. He directed more than thirty films including The Pharmacist and Operation Zucker, a film about human trafficking.\n\n", "Q84204": "Theodor K\u00f6rner, Edler von Siegringen (German pronunciation: [\u02c8te\u02d0o\u02ccdo\u02d0\u0250\u032f \u02c8k\u0153\u0281n\u0250] (listen); April 23, 1873 \u2013 January 4, 1957) served as President of Austria, between 1951 and 1957.", "Q2128641": "Jaap van Praag (10 July 1910 \u2013 7 August 1987) was a Dutch football administrator and chairman for local football club Ajax Amsterdam.", "Q517107": "Rudolstadt is a town in the German federal state Thuringia, with the Thuringian Forest to the southwest, and to Jena and Weimar to the north.\nThe former capital of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, the town is built along the River Saale inside a wide valley surrounded by woods. Rudolstadt was founded in 776 and has had municipal law since 1326. The town's landmark is the Castle Heidecksburg which is enthroned on a hill above the old town. The former municipality Remda-Teichel was merged into Rudolstadt in January 2019.\nRudolstadt was once well known because of the Anchor Stone Blocks of the Toy Company Richter and porcelain factories, beginning with the establishment of the Volkstedt porcelain manufacture in 1762.", "Q3086081": "Fran\u00e7ois Zola (7 August 1796 \u2013 27 March 1847) was an Italian-born French engineer. He built the Zola Dam in Aix-en-Provence. His son was author \u00c9mile Zola.", "Q592119": "Jamal Fincher Jones (born October 15, 1977 or 1978), professionally known as Polow da Don, is an American record producer, songwriter, and rapper.\nJones has produced a variety singles for a multitude of artists including \"Anaconda\" by Nicki Minaj (2014), \"Love In This Club\" by Usher (2008), \"Buttons\" by The Pussycat Dolls (2006), \"M.I.L.F. $\" by Fergie (2016), \"Baby By Me\" by 50 Cent (2009), \"Throw Some D's\" by Rich Boy (2007), and \"John\" by Lil Wayne (2011), among others.\nJones left college to pursue a rap career with his group Jim Crow. The group signed to Sony Music Entertainment in 1999 where they released two albums\u2014Crow's Nest (1999) and Right Quick (2001)\u2014before being dropped. Although disappointed, Jones formed a Southern hip hop group with Bubba Sparxxx, Sean P, Pastor Troy, G Rock, and Timbaland. However, they split up without any releases. Jones started making beats around 2001. His first beat tape made its way to Interscope Records president Jimmy Iovine. The beats were eventually used for the tracks \"Runaway Love\" by Ludacris, \"Buttons\" by the Pussycat Dolls, and \"This Is the Life\" by Tru-Life, among others.", "Q1111590": "Miles Okazaki (born 1974) is an American jazz guitarist and composer. Okazaki is assistant professor of jazz guitar at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.", "Q253244": "Edurne Pasaban Lizarribar (born August 1, 1973) is a Basque Spanish mountaineer. On May 17, 2010, she became the 21st person and the first woman to climb all of the fourteen eight-thousander peaks in the World. Her first 8,000 peak had been achieved 9 years earlier, on May 23, 2001, when she climbed to the summit of Mount Everest.", "Q65978": "Dulliken is a municipality in the district of Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q678236": "Edmund Esbern Johannes Joensen (born 19 September 1944) was born in the small village of Oyri on the second-largest island of the Faroe Islands, Eysturoy.\nHe was first elected to the L\u00f8gting in 1988. He was Prime Minister from 1994 to 1998, speaker of the parliament from 2002 to 2008, and member of the Danish Folketing from 1994 to 1998 and again from 2007 to 2015, and again from 2019. The Faroe Islands elect two members to the Danish Folketing. In 2015 he was elected to the L\u00f8gting.", "Q504635": "Crossover is a term applied to musical works or performers who appeal to different types of audience, for example (especially in the United States) by appearing on two or more of the record charts which track differing musical styles or genres. If the second chart combines genres, such as a \"Hot 100\" list, the work is not a crossover.\nIn some contexts the term \"crossover\" can have negative connotations associated with cultural appropriation, implying the dilution of a music's distinctive qualities to appeal to mass tastes. For example, in the early years of rock and roll, many songs originally recorded by African-American musicians were re-recorded by white artists such as Pat Boone in a more toned-down style, often with changed lyrics, that lacked the hard edge of the original versions. These covers were popular with a much broader audience.In practice crossover frequently results from the appearance of the music in question in a film soundtrack. For instance, Sacred Harp music experienced a spurt of crossover popularity as a result of its appearance in the 2003 film Cold Mountain, and bluegrass music experienced a revival due to the reception of 2000's O Brother, Where Art Thou?.", "Q169612": "Pope Martin V (Latin: Martinus V; January/February 1369 \u2013 20 February 1431), born Otto (or Oddone) Colonna, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 November 1417 to his death. His election effectively ended the Western Schism (1378\u20131417).\n\n", "Q451608": "Baron Gaspard Clair Fran\u00e7ois Marie Riche de Prony (22 July 1755 \u2013 29 July 1839) was a French mathematician and engineer, who worked on hydraulics. He was born at Chamelet, Beaujolais, France and died in Asni\u00e8res-sur-Seine, France.", "Q111971": "Archduke Rainer Ferdinand Maria Johann Evangelist Franz Ignaz of Austria (11 January 1827 \u2013 27 January 1913), a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and nephew of Emperor Francis II, was an Austrian politician who served as Minister-President of Austria from 1861 to 1865.", "Q436693": "Ivor Novello (born David Ivor Davies; 15 January 1893 \u2013 6 March 1951) was a Welsh composer and actor who became one of the most popular British entertainers of the first half of the 20th century.\nHe was born into a musical family, and his first successes were as a songwriter. His first big hit was \"Keep the Home Fires Burning\" (1914), which was enormously popular during the First World War. His 1917 show, Theodore & Co, was a wartime hit. After the war, Novello contributed numbers to several successful musical comedies and was eventually commissioned to write the scores of complete shows. He wrote his musicals in the style of operetta and often composed his music to the libretti of Christopher Hassall.\nIn the 1920s, he turned to acting, first in British films and then on stage, with considerable success in both. He starred in two silent films directed by Alfred Hitchcock, The Lodger and Downhill (both 1927). On stage, he played the title character in the first London production of Liliom (1926). Novello briefly went to Hollywood, but he soon returned to Britain, where he had more successes, especially on stage, appearing in his own lavish West End productions of musicals. The best known of these were Glamorous Night (1935) and The Dancing Years (1939). \nFrom the 1930s, he often performed with Zena Dare, writing parts for her in his works. He continued to write for film, but he had his biggest late successes with stage musicals: Perchance to Dream (1945), King's Rhapsody (1949) and Gay's the Word (1951). The Ivor Novello Awards were named after him in 1955.", "Q74875": "Ernst Georg Ferdinand K\u00fcster (2 November 1839 \u2013 19 April 1930) was a German surgeon born in Wollin.\nHe studied medicine in Bonn, W\u00fcrzburg and Berlin, and following graduation worked as an assistant to Robert Ferdinand Wilms (1824-1880) at the Bethanien Hospital in Berlin. In 1875, he became habilitated for surgery, and from 1879 was chief physician and an associate professor at Berlin's Augusta Hospital. In 1890 he was appointed professor of surgery at the University of Marburg, later returning as a surgeon to Berlin (1907).\nIn 1872 K\u00fcster was a founding member of the German Society of Surgery, being chosen as its chairman in 1903.\nHe is credited for developing the foundation of modern radical mastoidectomy for treatment of chronic ear disease. K\u00fcster's radical mastoid operation is described as an extension of the simple mastoidectomy introduced by otologist Hermann Schwartze (1837-1910).", "Q232876": "Dame Enid Diana Elizabeth Rigg, (born 20 July 1938) is an English actress. She played Emma Peel in the TV series The Avengers (1965\u201368) and Olenna Tyrell in Game of Thrones (2013\u201317). She has also had a career in theatre, including playing the title role in Medea, both in London and New York, for which she won the 1994 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play. She was made a CBE in 1988 and a Dame in 1994 for services to drama.\nRigg made her professional stage debut in 1957 in The Caucasian Chalk Circle, and joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1959. She made her Broadway debut in the 1971 production of Abelard & Heloise. Her film roles include Helena in A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968); Countess Teresa di Vicenzo, wife of James Bond, in On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969); Lady Holiday in The Great Muppet Caper (1981); and Arlena Marshall in Evil Under the Sun (1982). She won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for the BBC miniseries Mother Love (1989), and an Emmy Award for her role as Mrs. Danvers in an adaptation of Rebecca (1997). Her other television credits include You, Me and the Apocalypse (2015), Detectorists (2015), and the Doctor Who episode \"The Crimson Horror\" (2013) with her daughter, Rachael Stirling.", "Q6308": "Leipzig (official name: Landkreis Leipzig) is a district (Kreis) in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is named after the city Leipzig, which is partly surrounded by the district, but not part of it. It borders (from the west and clockwise) the state Saxony-Anhalt, the urban district Leipzig, the districts Nordsachsen and Mittelsachsen, and the state Thuringia.", "Q95321": "Michael Marrak (born 1965 in Weikersheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) is a German science fiction and horror writer. He is also an illustrator and from 1993 to 1996 he edited the magazine Zimmerit. His first novel Stadt der Klage was published by the Austrian art group and publishing collective monochrom.One of his best-known works is the Kurd-La\u00dfwitz-Preis winning novel Lord Gamma. He also won the Deutscher Science Fiction Preis for his short stories twice.\nHe's also the author of the backstory for the real-time combat space massively multiplayer online game Black Prophecy, developed by Reakktor Media GmbH and released March 21, 2011.", "Q16996": "Vsevolod Sergeyevich Solovyov (Russian: \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0451\u0432; January 1 [O.S. January 1] 1849 \u2013 November 20 [O.S. October 20] 1903) was a Russian historical novelist. His most famous work is Chronicle of Four Generations (five volumes, 1881\u201386), an account of the fictional Gorbatov family from the time of Catherine the Great to the mid-nineteenth century. Solovyov's \"atmosphere of nostalgia for the vanished age of the nobility\" helps explain his \"posthumous popularity among Russian \u00e9migr\u00e9s.\"Oldest son of the historian Sergei Solovyov and brother of the philosopher Vladimir Solovyov, Vsevolod turned to writing historical fiction in 1876 with Princess Ostrozhskaya. He visited Paris in 1884 where he met Blavatsky and mixed with other people in the Paris occult scene, such as Juliette Adam, Vera Jelikovsky, Blavatsky's sister, and Emilie de Morsier. By 1886 he had become a bitter and disillusioned enemy of the founder of theosophy. He abandoned his plans to promote theosophy in Russia and denounced Blavatsky as a failed spy of the Okhrana. At the time he was intimately involved with Yuliana Glinka, who worked for Pyotr Rachkovsky, Paris head of the Okhrana.Of his later novels, the best known are The Magi (1889) and The Great Rosicrucian (1890), dealing with mystics of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.", "Q39975": "Dazed and Confused is a 1993 American teen coming-of-age comedy film written and directed by Richard Linklater. The film features a large ensemble cast of actors who would later become stars, including Jason London, Ben Affleck, Milla Jovovich, Cole Hauser, Parker Posey, Adam Goldberg, Joey Lauren Adams, Matthew McConaughey, Nicky Katt, and Rory Cochrane. The plot follows different groups of Texas teenagers during the last day of school in 1976.\nThe film was a minor success at the box office, grossing less than $8 million in the United States. Despite this the film has enjoyed critical and commercial success over the years. In 2002, Quentin Tarantino listed it as the 10th best film of all time in a Sight and Sound poll. It ranked third on Entertainment Weekly magazine's list of the 50 Best High School Movies. The magazine also ranked it 10th on their \"Funniest Movies of the Past 25 Years\" list.The title of the film is allegedly derived from Jake Holmes's song of the same name. Linklater approached the surviving members of Led Zeppelin for permission to use their song \"Rock and Roll\" in the film. Jimmy Page and John Paul Jones agreed, but Robert Plant refused.", "Q737253": "Petur Alberg (1885 \u2013 1940), Faroese violin player and songwriter from T\u00f3rshavn. He composed the anthem of the Faroes, M\u00edtt alfagra land or T\u00fa alfagra land m\u00edtt as it is usually called.", "Q79389": "Gadsden is a city in and the county seat of Etowah County in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is located on the Coosa River about 56 miles (90 km) northeast of Birmingham and 90 miles (140 km) southwest of Chattanooga, Tennessee. It is the primary city of the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of 103,931. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 36,856, with an estimated population of 35,157 in 2018. Gadsden and Rome, Georgia, are the largest cities in the triangular area now defined by the interstate highways between Atlanta, Birmingham, and Chattanooga.\nIn the 19th century, Gadsden was Alabama's second-most important center of commerce and industry, trailing only the seaport of Mobile. The two cities were important shipping centers: Gadsden for riverboats and Mobile for international trade.\nFrom the late 19th century through the 1980s, Gadsden was a center of heavy industry, including the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and Republic Steel. More than a decade after the sharp decline in industry, in 1991 Gadsden was awarded the honor of All-America City by the National Civic League. This honored the way Gadsden's citizens, government, businesses, and voluntary organizations have worked together to address critical local issues.", "Q4201873": "The Institute of Anthropology and Ethnography or N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology (Russian: \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043c. \u041d.\u041d. \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0443\u0445\u043e-\u041c\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u044f; abbreviated as \u0418\u042d\u0410 in Russian and IEA in English) is a Russian institute of research, specializing in ethnographic studies of cultural and physical anthropology. The institute is a constituent institute of the History branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, with its main building on Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow.\nThe Institute is named after the renowned 19th century ethnologist and anthropologist Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay.", "Q444563": "Patrick Joseph Kenny (born 17 May 1978) is a professional footballer who plays for Maltby Main.\nBorn in Halifax, West Yorkshire, Kenny began his career with Bradford Park Avenue before turning professional in the summer of 1998 upon signing for Neil Warnock's Bury. He was reunited with Warnock in 2002 after he joined Sheffield United where he spent much of his career and enjoyed notable success; performing in League Cup and FA Cup semi-finals, two play-off finals, and then promotion to the Premier League in 2005\u201306.\nKenny would later sign for Warnock once again in 2010, joining Queens Park Rangers after his time at Sheffield United ended on a sour note when he spent much of his final season on the sidelines having failing a drugs test the previous summer. During his first season at QPR he would achieve his second promotion to the Premier League and his first Championship winners medal. He remained as first choice goalkeeper the next season as QPR beat relegation on the final day of the season, before he was reunited with Warnock for the fourth time when he signed for Leeds United in 2012. He stayed at Leeds for two years, before brief spells with Bolton Wanderers, Oldham Athletic (on loan), Ipswich Town, Bury, and Rotherham United.", "Q239923": "Elizabeth Johnson Kostova (born December 26, 1964) is an American author best known for her debut novel The Historian.", "Q391663": "Mary Boland (born Marie Anne Boland, January 28, 1882 \u2013 June 23, 1965) was an American stage and film actress.", "Q250995": "Shopping is a 1994 British action crime drama film written and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson about a group of British teenagers who indulge in joyriding and ramraiding. It was notably the first major leading role for actor Jude Law, who first met his co-star and future wife Sadie Frost on the set of the film.The film was located at Trellick Tower, Golborne Road, London.", "Q4933975": "Robert Earl Short (July 20, 1917 \u2013 November 20, 1982) was an American businessman, sport teams owner and politician.", "Q189080": "Lewis Allan Reed (March 2, 1942 \u2013 October 27, 2013) was an American musician, singer, songwriter and poet. He was the rhythm/lead guitarist, singer and principal songwriter for the rock band The Velvet Underground and had a solo career that spanned five decades. The Velvet Underground was not a commercial success during its existence, but became regarded as one of the most influential bands in the history of underground and alternative rock music.\nAfter leaving the band in 1970, Reed released twenty solo studio albums. His second, Transformer (1972), was produced by David Bowie and arranged by Mick Ronson, and brought mainstream recognition. The album is considered an influential landmark of the glam rock genre, anchored by Reed's most successful single, \"Walk on the Wild Side\". After Transformer, the less commercial but critically acclaimed Berlin reached No. 7 on the UK Albums Chart. Rock 'n' Roll Animal (a live album released in 1974) sold strongly, and Sally Can't Dance (1974) peaked at No. 10 on the Billboard 200; but for a long period after, Reed's work did not translate into sales, leading him deeper into drug addiction and alcoholism. Reed cleaned up in the early 1980s, and gradually returned to prominence with New Sensations (1984), reaching a critical and commercial career peak with his 1989 album New York.\nReed participated in the reformation of the Velvet Underground in the 1990s, and made several more albums, including a collaboration album with John Cale titled Songs for Drella which was a tribute to their former mentor Andy Warhol. Magic and Loss (1992) would become Reed's highest-charting album on the UK Albums Chart, peaking at No. 6.\nHe contributed music to two theatrical interpretations of 19th century writers, one of which he developed into an album titled The Raven. He married his third wife Laurie Anderson in 2008, and recorded the collaboration album Lulu with Metallica. He died in 2013 of liver disease. Reed's distinctive deadpan voice, poetic lyrics and experimental guitar playing were trademarks throughout his long career. Reed has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice; as a member of the Velvet Underground in 1996 and as a solo act in 2015.", "Q556615": "Blake Colin Lewis (born July 21, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, and beatboxer who was the runner-up on the sixth season of American Idol. His major label debut album A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream) was released on December 4, 2007 through 19 Recordings and Arista Records. On October 30, 2007, his first single \"Break Anotha\" was released. The album landed on number ten on the U.S. Billboard 200 as its highest peak position with 97,500 copies sold in its debut, and has sold over 350,000 copies. After the release of his second single \"How Many Words\", which peaked at number eight on the U.S. Billboard Dance/Club Play Songs, Lewis was dropped by Arista Records. Lewis eventually signed with Tommy Boy Records.\nHis second album, Heartbreak on Vinyl, was released on October 6, 2009. The first single \"Sad Song\" was released on July 21, 2009. The album charted at number 135 on the U.S. Billboard Billboard 200, number twenty on the Billboard Independent Albums, and number seven on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums with over 4,000 copies sold in the first week.\nHis third album, Portrait of a Chameleon, was released on May 20, 2014. This was his first independent record and includes the single \"Your Touch\".\nHis fourth album, Wanderlust Unknown, was released in February 2020.", "Q172554": "William Bernard Cheesbourg (June 12, 1927 Tucson, Arizona \u2013 November 6, 1995 Tucson, Arizona) was an American racecar driver who participated in six Indianapolis 500 races.", "Q1428864": "Mapam (Hebrew: \u05de\u05b7\u05e4\u05b8\u05bc\u05f4\u05dd, an acronym for \u05de\u05b4\u05e4\u05b0\u05dc\u05b6\u05d2\u05b6\u05ea \u05d4\u05b7\u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e2\u05b2\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05b0\u05bc\u05d0\u05d5\u05bc\u05d7\u05b6\u05d3\u05b6\u05ea, Mifleget HaPoalim HaMeuhedet lit.\u2009'United Workers Party'; Arabic: \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u200e, abbr. '\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0645') was a left-wing political party in Israel. The party is one of the ancestors of the modern-day Meretz party.", "Q374189": "Alan David Hansen (born 13 June 1955) is a Scottish former football player and BBC television football pundit. He played as a central defender for Partick Thistle, for the successful Liverpool team of the late '70s and '80s, and for Scotland. As a football pundit, Hansen is known for his outspoken views, particularly on teams' defensive performances, frequently criticising what he believed was \"diabolical\" or \"shocking\" defending. He made his name as a pundit on Match of the Day from 1992 to 2014.", "Q793283": "Ayrshire (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Inbhir \u00c0ir, pronounced [\u02c8\u0283ir\u02e0\u0259xk i\u0272i\u02c8\u027e\u02b2a\u02d0\u027e\u02b2]) is a historic county and registration county in south-west Scotland, located on the shores of the Firth of Clyde. Its principal towns include Ayr, Kilmarnock and Irvine and it borders the counties of Renfrewshire and Lanarkshire to the north-east, Dumfriesshire to the south-east, and Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire to the south. Like many other counties of Scotland it currently has no administrative function, instead being sub-divided into the council areas of North Ayrshire, South Ayrshire and East Ayrshire. It has a population of approximately 366,800.\nThe electoral and valuation area named Ayrshire covers the three council areas of South Ayrshire, East Ayrshire and North Ayrshire, therefore including the Isle of Arran, Great Cumbrae and Little Cumbrae. These three islands are part of the County of Bute and are sometimes included when the term Ayrshire is applied to the region. The same area is known as Ayrshire and Arran in other contexts.", "Q57074": "Nelly Sachs (10 December 1891 \u2013 12 May 1970) was a German-Swedish poet and playwright. Her experiences resulting from the rise of the Nazis in World War II Europe transformed her into a poignant spokesperson for the grief and yearnings of her fellow Jewish people. Her best-known play is Eli: Ein Mysterienspiel vom Leiden Israels (1950); other works include the poems \"Zeichen im Sand\" (1962), \"Verzauberung\" (1970), and the collections of poetry In den Wohnungen des Todes (1947), Flucht und Verwandlung (1959), Fahrt ins Staublose (1961), and Suche nach Lebenden (1971). She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1966.", "Q124074": "Hermann Weinsberg, also known as Hermann von Weinsberg (1518\u20131597) was a city councillor in Cologne and a diarist whose autobiographical writings, long obscure, are now considered to be of historical importance.\n\n", "Q4279": "Richard Barbieri ( ; bahr-bee-AIR-ee) (born 30 November 1957) is an English musician and songwriter. Originally a member of new wave band Japan (and their brief 1989\u20131991 reincarnation as Rain Tree Crow), more recently he is known as the keyboard player in the progressive rock band Porcupine Tree, which he joined in 1993.", "Q1723751": "K\u00e2ni Karaca (1930 \u2013 May 29, 2004), born in Adana, Turkey, was a Turkish singer. He lost his eyesight at the age of 2 and memorized the Quran in elementary school. He came to Istanbul in 1950. He worked with Sadettin Heper, and learned religious and nonreligious music from him.\nHe died at the age of 74 from cancer in Istanbul.", "Q187913": "Robert Knight (born Robert Henry Peebles, April 24, 1940 \u2013 November 5, 2017) was an American singer, best known for his 1967 recording of the song \"Everlasting Love\".", "Q57712": "Kamla Persad-Bissessar (born 22 April 1952) is a Trinidadian and Tobagonian lawyer and politician who was the sixth Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 26 May 2010 to 9 September 2015. She was the country's first female Prime Minister, Attorney General, and Leader of the Opposition, the first woman to chair the Commonwealth of Nations and the first woman of Indian origin to be a prime minister of a country outside of India and other South Asian countries.\nPersad-Bissessar is the political leader of the United National Congress (UNC) and is the current leader of the opposition of the People's Partnership coalition in the eleventh parliament, a coalition of three parties, which was formed to contest the general election of 24 May 2010. She became political leader of the UNC in 2010. In 2011, Persad-Bissessar was named the thirteenth most influential female leader around the world by Time magazine.\n\n", "Q269872": "Virginia Anne McKenna, OBE (born 7 June 1931), is a British stage and screen actress, author and wildlife campaigner. She is best known for the films A Town Like Alice (1956), Carve Her Name with Pride (1958), Born Free (1966), and Ring of Bright Water (1969), as well as her work with The Born Free Foundation.", "Q172232": "Fran\u00e7ois Hesnault (born 30 December 1956) is a former racing driver from France. He participated in 21 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 25 March 1984. He scored no championship points.\nHesnault enjoyed some success in the French Formula Three Championship, finishing third in the series in 1982 and second in 1983.\nThe Frenchman debuted in Formula One in the 1984 season with Ligier, with a best result of 7th at the Dutch Grand Prix. For the 1985 season, he was hired to be Nelson Piquet's teammate at Brabham, but he was sacked after four uncompetitive races. He returned for a one-off at the German Grand Prix in a third Renault which carried a prototype onboard camera, making it the first use of this technology in a Grand Prix. This is also the last race in which three cars have been entered for the same team (current third drivers are not eligible to compete in the races). After this race, Hesnault retired from motor racing, having suffered a particularly heavy crash in testing at Circuit Paul Ricard shortly before parting company with Brabham.", "Q93036": "Alexander Keewatin Dewdney (born August 5, 1941) is a Canadian mathematician, computer scientist, author, filmmaker, and conspiracy theorist. Dewdney is the son of Canadian artist and author Selwyn Dewdney, and brother of poet Christopher Dewdney.\nHe was born in London, Ontario.", "Q240238": "Bessie Love (born Juanita Horton; September 10, 1898 \u2013 April 26, 1986) was an American actress who achieved prominence playing innocent, young girls and wholesome leading ladies in silent and early sound films. Her acting career spanned eight decades\u2014from silent film to sound film, including theatre, radio, and television\u2014and her performance in The Broadway Melody (1929) earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress.", "Q559240": "Rachid Mohamed Rachid or Rasheed Mohamed Rasheed became Egypt's minister of foreign trade and industry in July 2004. Two years later, the ministry was expanded to include domestic trade within Egypt and was renamed the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI). He has been described as the first businessman ever to hold a cabinet position in Egypt and as a reformer. On 1 February 2011, during the 2011 Egyptian revolution, Rachid traveled to Dubai. Following the downfall of the Mubarak regime, Rachid was tried in absentia,", "Q155855": "Karel \u010capek (Czech: [\u02c8kar\u025bl \u02c8t\u0283ap\u025bk] (listen); 9 January 1890 \u2013 25 December 1938) was a Czech writer, playwright and critic. He has become best known for his science fiction, including his novel War with the Newts (1936) and play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots, 1920), which introduced the word robot. He also wrote many politically charged works dealing with the social turmoil of his time. Influenced by American pragmatic liberalism, he campaigned in favor of free expression and strongly opposed the rise of both fascism and communism in Europe.Though nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature seven times, \u010capek never received it. However, several awards commemorate his name, such as the Karel \u010capek Prize, awarded every other year by the Czech PEN Club for literary work that contributes to reinforcing or maintaining democratic and humanist values in society. He also played a key role in establishing the Czechoslovak PEN Club as a part of International PEN.\u010capek died on the brink of World War II as the result of a lifelong medical condition,\nbut his legacy as a literary figure became well established after the war.", "Q374837": "Darezhan Omirbaev (Kazakh: \u0414\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043d \u041e\u043ci\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432, Darejan Omirbaev; born 15 March 1958) is a Kazakh film director and screenwriter.", "Q241126": "Victoria Franc\u00e9s (born October 25, 1982) is a Spanish illustrator.", "Q95447": "Johann Joachim Schwabe (29 September 1714 \u2013 12 August 1784) was a German academic, poet and translator.", "Q1938740": "Friherre Nils Ericson (31 January 1802 \u2013 8 September 1870) was a Swedish mechanical engineer (as was his younger brother John Ericsson, who emigrated to England and then the USA). He became a prominent Swedish canal and railway builder.\nBorn Nils Ericsson, he was raised to the untitled nobility by king Oscar I of Sweden in 1854, and with this he reverted to a spelling of his surname with only one \"s\". In 1859 he was made a Friherre (equivalent to English Baron), the 403rd such elevation to Sweden's titled nobility.", "Q251335": "Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla (\u30b4\u30b8\u30e9\u5bfe\u30e1\u30ab\u30b4\u30b8\u30e9, Gojira tai Mekagojira) is a 1974 Japanese kaiju film directed by Jun Fukuda, with special effects by Teruyoshi Nakano. Produced and distributed by Toho, it is the 14th film of the Godzilla franchise, and features the fictional monster characters Godzilla, Anguirus, and King Caesar, along with the mecha character Mechagodzilla. The film stars Masaaki Daimon, Kazuya Aoyama, Gor\u014d Mutsumi, and Akihiko Hirata, with Isao Zushi as Godzilla, Satoru Kuzumi as both Anguirus and King Caesar, and Kazunari Mori as Mechagodzilla. The film marks the first appearances of King Caesar and Mechagodzilla in the franchise.\nGodzilla vs. Mechagodzilla was released theatrically in Japan on March 21, 1974. The film received a limited release in the United States in 1977 by Cinema Shares, under the title Godzilla vs. the Bionic Monster. It was then quickly re-released under the title Godzilla vs. the Cosmic Monster.", "Q132616": "Naomi Ellen Watts (born 28 September 1968) is a British actress and film producer. She made her film debut in the Australian drama For Love Alone (1986) and then appeared in the Australian television series Hey Dad..! (1990), Brides of Christ (1991), Home and Away (1991), and the film Flirting (1991). After moving to the United States, Watts struggled as an actress for years, but managed to obtain parts in the films Tank Girl (1995), Children of the Corn IV: The Gathering (1996), and Dangerous Beauty (1998), and the television series Sleepwalkers (1997\u20131998).\nWatts rose to international prominence for playing an aspiring actress in David Lynch's psychological thriller Mulholland Drive (2001) and a tormented journalist in the horror remake The Ring (2002). She subsequently received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as a grief-stricken mother in Alejandro Gonz\u00e1lez I\u00f1\u00e1rritu's neo-noir film 21 Grams (2003). Her next films throughout the 2000s include I Heart Huckabees (2004), King Kong (2005), Eastern Promises (2007), and The International (2009).\nFor her role as Maria Bennett in the disaster film The Impossible (2012), Watts received another Academy Award for Best Actress nomination. In the 2010s, she starred in the well-received independent films Birdman (2014), for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award as part of the cast, St. Vincent (2014), While We're Young (2015), and Luce (2019). Watts also continued to act in blockbusters, with appearances in the Divergent franchise (2015\u20132016), and ventured into television with the Showtime series Twin Peaks (2017) and The Loudest Voice (2019).\nWatts is particularly known for her work in remakes and independent productions with dark or tragic themes, as well as portrayals of characters that endure loss or suffering.Magazines such as People and Maxim have included her on their lists of the world's most beautiful women. She has been an ambassador for Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and Pantene's Beautiful Lengths. Despite significant media attention, Watts is reticent about her personal life. She had a relationship with American actor Liev Schreiber from 2005 to 2016, with whom she has two sons.", "Q238383": "Heather Elizabeth Anderson (n\u00e9e Langenkamp; born July 17, 1964) is an American actress, producer, and prosthetic makeup coordinator. She began her career as an extra in the Francis Ford Coppola films The Outsiders (1983) and Rumble Fish (1983) before becoming known for her role as Nancy Thompson in Wes Craven's A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) and Chuck Russell's A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors (1987), followed by roles in two of Craven's cult films: a victim in Shocker (1989) and a fictionalized version of herself in Wes Craven's New Nightmare (1994).\nLangenkamp starred as Marie Lubbock and Amy Boutilier on the ABC sitcom Growing Pains (1988\u20131990) and Just the Ten of Us (1988\u20131990). Her other roles include the figure skater Nancy Kerrigan in the NBC television film Tonya and Nancy: The Inside Story (1994), Dorothy in the horror film The Butterfly Room (2012), Moto in J. J. Abrams' sci-fi film Star Trek Into Darkness (2013), and Donna Boone in the horror film Truth or Dare (2017). \nAs a filmmaker, she served as executive producer and narrator on the horror documentary films Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy (2010) and I Am Nancy (2011). She directed a segment in the horror film Prank (2008) and the short film Washed Away (2019).\nLangenkamp is the co-owner of the make-up FX firm AFX Studio which has designed and manufactured award-winning make-up effects for film and television. She has worked as the special makeup effects coordinator for a variety of films including Dawn of the Dead (2004), Cinderella Man (2005), Evan Almighty (2007), and The Cabin in the Woods (2012).", "Q4888649": "Benjamin Franklin Jones, Sr. (August 8, 1824 \u2013 May 19, 1903) was a pioneer of the iron and steel industry in Pittsburgh. Originally involved in the river barge industry, he purchased a share in American Iron Works in 1851, along with Bernard Lauth. He later joined with James H. Laughlin to form Jones and Laughlin Steel Company, a steel mill heavily dependent on river transportation. The B.F. Jones Memorial Library in Aliquippa Pennsylvania, the site of J&L Steel's Aliquippa Works, was built in his honor with funds donated by his daughter.\n\n", "Q107875": "Klaus-Dieter Fritsche (born 16 May 1953 in Bamberg) is a German politician, member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nHe studied at Erlangen university and became a judge in 1981. In 1988 he started working for the CSU faction at the German federal parliament. In 1991 he joined the Bavarian representation in Bonn. He returned to Bavaria in 1993 as bureau chief for Hermann Regensburger, and for G\u00fcnther Beckstein as of 1995.\nFrom October 1996 he was Vice President of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (Verfassungsschutz).\nAs of December 2005 he was Federal Intelligence Service coordinator in the German Chancellery.In November 2009 he was appointed deputy minister (German: Staatssekret\u00e4r) in the Federal Interior Ministry to succeed August Hanning.", "Q3869362": "NASA Astronaut Group 15 (\"The Flying Escargot\") was a group of 23 NASA astronauts selected in 1994. The group name for these astronaut trainees was originally Slugs because no group was convened the previous year and thus the group was slow in arriving. Group members adopted The Flying Escargot as their moniker, possibly in reference to two members of the group being from France, or in reference to the famous \"flying escargot\" scene in the movie Pretty Woman. The group featured ten pilots, nine mission specialists, and four international mission specialist trainees.", "Q956288": "Woodstock is a 1970 documentary film of the watershed counterculture Woodstock Festival which took place in August 1969 near Bethel, New York. Entertainment Weekly called this film the benchmark of concert movies and one of the most entertaining documentaries ever made.The film was directed by Michael Wadleigh. Seven editors are credited, including Thelma Schoonmaker, Martin Scorsese, and Wadleigh. Woodstock was a great commercial and critical success. It received the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. Schoonmaker was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing, a rare distinction for a documentary. Dan Wallin and L. A. Johnson were nominated for the Oscar for Best Sound. The film was screened at the 1970 Cannes Film Festival, but was not entered into the main competition.The 1970 theatrical release of the film ran 185 minutes. A director's cut spanning 224 minutes was released in 1994. Both cuts take liberties with the timeline of the festival. However, the opening and closing acts are the same in the film as they appeared on stage; Richie Havens opens the show and Jimi Hendrix closes it.\nJimi Hendrix at Woodstock was also released separately on DVD and Blu-ray.\nIn 1996, Woodstock was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". An expanded 40th Anniversary Edition of Woodstock, released on June 9, 2009 in Blu-ray and DVD formats, features additional performances not before seen in the film, and also includes lengthened versions of existing performances featuring Creedence Clearwater Revival and others.", "Q918681": "Jean Douchet (French: [du\u0283\u025b]; January 19, 1929 \u2013 November 22, 2019) was a French film director, historian, film critic and teacher who began his career in the early 1950s at Gazette du Cin\u00e9ma and Cahiers du cinema with members of the future French New Wave.", "Q116978": "Constant Fornerod (30 May 1819 \u2013 27 November 1899) was a Swiss politician, originally from Avenches, and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1855-1867).\nHe was elected to the Federal Council on 11 July 1855 as a representative for Vaud. He handed over office on 31 October 1867. He was affiliated with the Free Democratic Party. \nDuring his time in office he held the following departments:\n\nDepartment of Trade and Customs (1855 - 1856)\nPolitical Department as President of the Confederation (1857)\nDepartment of Trade and Customs (1858)\nDepartment of Finance (1859 - 1861)\nMilitary Department (1862)\nPolitical Department as President of the Confederation (1863)\nMilitary Department (1864 - 1866)\nPolitical Department as President of the Confederation (1867).", "Q28692502": "Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide, and which formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and feminist movement during the 20th century. In some countries, these rights are institutionalized or supported by law, local custom, and behavior, whereas in others they are ignored and suppressed. They differ from broader notions of human rights through claims of an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls, in favor of men and boys.Issues commonly associated with notions of women's rights include the right to bodily integrity and autonomy; to be free from sexual violence; to vote; to hold public office; to enter into legal contracts; to have equal rights in family law; to work; to fair wages or equal pay; to have reproductive rights; to own property; to education.", "Q1738417": "Sam Neely (August 22, 1948 \u2013 July 19, 2006) was an American country and folk music musician, singer-songwriter, recording artist, and performer.\nBorn in Cuero, Texas, Neely began playing guitar at age ten. After moving with his family to Corpus Christi, Texas, he began playing in bands, including local group, Buckle. He made an appearance on the Merv Griffin Show in 1968 and was asked to write a song for the film, Tilt; though the movie was not released until 1978, it did include Neely's track, \"Long Road to Texas\".Neely scored a string of minor hits in the 1970s on the country and pop charts and released a few albums which saw sales success. In 1978, he moved back to Corpus Christi and became the house musician for the Electric Eel. In 1983, he made a comeback on MCA Records.\nOn July 19, 2006, Neely collapsed and died while mowing his lawn at his home in Corpus Christi. He was 57. A funeral mass was held at St. Patrick Catholic parish in Corpus Christi on July 23, 2006.\n\n", "Q97250": "Eckhard Stratmann-Mertens, formerly known as Eckhard Stratmann, (born April 3, 1948 in Oberhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a former politician and Green Party member of the German Bundestag. Before and after serving in the Bundestag, he taught at a secondary school in Bochum, Germany.", "Q73868": "August Ferdinand Howaldt (23 October 1809 \u2013 4 August 1883) was a German engineer and ship builder. The German sculptor Georg Ferdinand Howaldt was his brother.", "Q45302": "Alexander Girardi (pronounced [d\u0292i\u02c8rardi]) (5 December 1850 \u2013 20 April 1918) was an Austrian actor and tenor singer in operettas.", "Q1258672": "Liberal Democracy of Slovenia (Slovene: Liberalna demokracija Slovenije, LDS) is a social-liberal political party in Slovenia. Between 1992 and 2004 it was the largest (and ruling) party in the country. In the 2011 Slovenian parliamentary election, it failed to win entry to the Slovenian National Assembly. The party was a member of the Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.\nThe LDS dominated Slovenian politics during the first decade following independence. Except for a brief interruption in 2000, it held the parliamentary majority between 1994 and 2004, when it lost the election to the conservative Slovenian Democratic Party. The loss was followed by decline, infighting and political fragmentation. In the runup to the 2008 parliamentary election the LDS joined in an unofficial coalition with the Social Democrats and Zares, but lost nearly 80% of its seats, dropping from 23 to just 5 and becoming the smallest parliamentary party. In the 2011 parliamentary election on 4 December 2011, its support collapsed even further: it won only 1.48% of the vote, not reaching the parliamentary threshold of 4%.", "Q23087": "Ministry of Sound Group is a multimedia entertainment business based in London with a nightclub, shared workspace and private members club, worldwide events operation, music publishing business and fitness studio.\nJames Palumbo is the co-founder and former Chairman and CEO of the Group. He handed over the day-to-day running of the business to Lohan Presencer in 2008. In 2018, Presencer became chairman.", "Q274189": "Vera Vsevolodovna Baranovskaya (Russian: \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f; 1885 \u2013 7 December 1935) was a Russian actress. She performed in more than twenty films between 1916 and 1935.", "Q146183": "John Melchior Bosco (Italian: Giovanni Melchiorre Bosco; 16 August 1815 \u2013 31 January 1888), popularly known as Don Bosco [\u02ccd\u0254m \u02c8b\u0254sko], was an Italian Roman Catholic priest, educator, and writer of the 19th century. While working in Turin, where the population suffered many of the ill-effects of industrialization and urbanization, he dedicated his life to the betterment and education of street children, juvenile delinquents, and other disadvantaged youth. He developed teaching methods based on love rather than punishment, a method that became known as the Salesian Preventive System.A follower of the spirituality and philosophy of Francis de Sales, Bosco was an ardent devotee of Mary, mother of Jesus, under the title Mary Help of Christians. He later dedicated his works to De Sales when he founded the Salesians of Don Bosco, based in Turin. Together with Maria Domenica Mazzarello, he founded the Institute of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, a religious congregation of nuns dedicated to the care and education of poor girls. He taught Dominic Savio, of whom he wrote a biography that helped the young boy be canonized. \nOn 18 April 1869, one year after the construction of the Basilica of Mary Help of Christians in Turin, Don Bosco established the Association of Mary Help of Christians (ADMA) connecting it with commitments easily fulfilled by most common people, to the spirituality and the mission of the Salesian Congregation (CG 24 SDB, 1996, NR. 80). The ADMA was founded to promote the veneration of the Most Holy Sacrament and Mary Help of Christians (Don Bosco, Association of the Devotees of Mary Help of Christians, San Benigno can. 1890, page 33).In 1876 Bosco founded a movement of laity, the Association of Salesian Cooperators, with the same educational mission to the poor. In 1875, he began to publish the Salesian Bulletin. The Bulletin has remained in continuous publication, and is currently published in 50 different editions and 30 languages.Bosco established a network of organizations and centers to carry on his work. Following his beatification in 1929, he was canonized as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church by Pope Pius XI in 1934.\n\n", "Q939883": "Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re University Hospital (French: H\u00f4pital universitaire la Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, [opital yniv\u025b\u0281sit\u025b\u0281 pitje salp\u025bt\u0281ij\u025b\u0281]) is a teaching hospital in the 13th arrondissement of Paris. Part of the Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris and a teaching hospital of Sorbonne University, it is one of Europe's largest hospitals. It is also France's largest hospital.", "Q1132413": "Soldier Field is an American football and soccer stadium located in the Near South Side of Chicago, Illinois, near Downtown Chicago. It opened in 1924 and is the home field of the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL), who moved there in 1971, and Chicago Fire FC of Major League Soccer (MLS), who will begin playing at the stadium in 2020. It has a football capacity of 61,500, and it is the oldest stadium in the NFL.\nThe stadium's interior was rebuilt as part of a major renovation project in 2002, which modernized the facility but lowered seating capacity, while also causing it to be delisted as a National Historic Landmark. Soldier Field has served as the home venue for a number of other sports teams in its history, including the Chicago Cardinals of the NFL, University of Notre Dame football, as well as games from the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, and multiple CONCACAF Gold Cup championships. In 1968, it hosted the first Games of the Special Olympics.", "Q176040": "Aeneas Coffey (1780\u20131839) was an Irish inventor and distiller.", "Q287001": "Gainsbourg: A Heroic Life (original title: Gainsbourg (Vie h\u00e9ro\u00efque)) is a 2010 French drama film written and directed by Joann Sfar. It is a biopic of French singer Serge Gainsbourg.", "Q1070152": "Young Money Entertainment is an American record label founded by rapper Lil Wayne. Young Money's president is Lil Wayne's lifelong friend and fellow rapper Mack Maine. The label was an imprint of Cash Money Records and is distributed by Republic Records.\nThe label has released fourteen US albums that reached number one on the Billboard 200 chart: Tha Carter III, I Am Not a Human Being, Tha Carter IV and Tha Carter V by Lil Wayne, Thank Me Later, Take Care, Nothing Was the Same, If You're Reading This It's Too Late, What a Time to Be Alive (along with Epic Records artist Future), Views, More Life and Scorpion by Drake, and Pink Friday and Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded by Nicki Minaj.\nCurrent artists include Lil Wayne, Drake, Nicki Minaj, Mack Maine, Lil Twist, and Cory Gunz, among others. The label has released three compilation albums \u2014 We Are Young Money (2009), Rich Gang (2013; with Cash Money Records), and Young Money: Rise of an Empire (2014).", "Q2049283": "Pandemic is a 2007 Hallmark Channel original mini-series with an ensemble cast. It premiered on Saturday, May 26, 2007 at 8:00 PM as part of Hallmark Channel's \"Uncharted Adventures\" weekend.\nIt is now available on DVD through Hallmark Entertainment.", "Q127569": "Paul Leder ( March 25, 1926 \u2013 April 9, 1996) was an American film director, writer and producer. He is most famous today for his films A*P*E and I Dismember Mama. With wife Etyl Leder, he is the father of modern-day producer and director Mimi Leder, writer Reuben Leder, and casting director Geraldine Leder. Paul Leder died of lung cancer on April 8, 1996 at age 70.", "Q162035": "Cassandra Lynn Scerbo (born March 30, 1990) is an American actress, singer and dancer. She was one of the members of the all-girl pop band Slumber Party Girls in the CBS children's music variety series Dance Revolution. In acting, she starred as Brooke in the film Bring It On: In It to Win It (2007), as Lauren Tanner in the ABC Family comedy-drama series Make It or Break It (2009\u20132012), and as Nova Clarke in the Sharknado film series alongside Ian Ziering and Tara Reid (2013\u20132018).", "Q1661204": "Leif Albert \u00d6stling (born 25 September 1945) is a Swedish chief executive officer and former head of the Scania AB truck company, owned by the German Volkswagen Group. In spring 2016, he was appointed Chairman of the Confederation of Swedish Enterprise, a post he left in advance in November 2017.\u00d6stling has become known as a controversial political entrepreneur debater who makes bold statements. Over the years, he has separated politically from the time of youth when he belonged to the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League, SSU.", "Q2065769": "The University of Windsor (U of W or UWindsor) is a public comprehensive and research university in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. It is Canada's southernmost university. It has approximately 12,000 full-time and part-time undergraduate students and 4,000 graduate students. Founded in 1963, the University of Windsor has graduated more than 100,000 alumni.The University of Windsor has nine faculties, including the Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, the Faculty of Education, the Faculty of Engineering, Odette School of Business, the Faculty of Graduate Studies, the Faculty of Human Kinetics, the Faculty of Law, the Faculty of Nursing, and the Faculty of Science. Through its faculties and independent schools, the university has demonstrated its primary research focuses of automotive, environmental, social justice, and international trade research. In recent years, it has increasingly begun focusing on health, natural science, and entrepreneurship research.", "Q201516": "Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It was incorporated on March 26, 1915. The municipality is located on natural and man-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay, the latter of which separates the Beach from the mainland city of Miami. The neighborhood of South Beach, comprising the southernmost 2.5 square miles (6.5 km2) of Miami Beach, along with downtown Miami and the Port of Miami, collectively form the commercial center of South Florida. Miami Beach's estimated population is 92,307 according to the most recent United States census estimates. Miami Beach is the 26th largest city in Florida based on official 2017 estimates from the US Census Bureau. It has been one of America's pre-eminent beach resorts since the early 20th century.\nIn 1979, Miami Beach's Art Deco Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Art Deco District is the largest collection of Art Deco architecture in the world and comprises hundreds of hotels, apartments and other structures erected between 1923 and 1943. Mediterranean, Streamline Moderne and Art Deco are all represented in the District. The Historic District is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the East, Lenox Court on the West, 6th Street on the South and Dade Boulevard along the Collins Canal to the North. The movement to preserve the Art Deco District's architectural heritage was led by former interior designer Barbara Baer Capitman, who now has a street in the District named in her honor.", "Q4794651": "Arne Rettedal (25 July 1926 \u2013 28 December 2001) was Norwegian engineer, businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party. He is best known as the Minister of Local Government and Labour from 1981 to 1986, mayor of Stavanger from 1965 to 1967 and 1972 to 1981 and county mayor of Rogaland from 1988 to 1991.\nHe was born in Madla as a son of farmer Ola Rettedal (1882\u20131956) and Rakel Kristine Berge (1884\u20131963). He finished his secondary education in 1947, and enrolled at the Norwegian Institute of Technology where he graduated in engineering in 1957. He worked four years as an engineer before he started his own consulting company. Within local politics, he was a member of Madla municipal council from 1960 to 1964, serving as mayor in the last year. From 1965 to 1981 he was a member of Stavanger city council, serving as mayor from 1965 to 1967 and 1972 to 1981. He was also a member of Rogaland county council from 1967 to 1981, serving as deputy county mayor from 1967 to 1971. As a politician in Stavanger and Rogaland, he is co-credited with bringing the headquarters of Statoil and the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate to Stavanger. He was a member of Statoil's corporate council from 1975.From 1981 to 1986 he served as Minister of Local Government and Labour in the First and Second Cabinet of K\u00e5re Willoch. In this position, he is especially known for carrying through the government's housing policy. He is also known for the numerous labour conflicts in the petroleum industry during his period. Also, from 1990 to 1995 Rettedal was the board chairman of the Norwegian State Railways, where he again went through labour-related conflicts, this time with the Norwegian Union of Railway Workers leader Leif Thue. He also had rows with deputy director Tore Lindholt.From 1988 to 1991 he served as County mayor of Rogaland. He tried to become county mayor after the 1991 election too, but lost out to Odd Arild Kval\u00f8y. Kval\u00f8y received 37 votes in the county council, whereas Rettedal received 28 votes and Kari Oftedal Lima received 6. The 28 votes were cast as blank votes in the vote for deputy county mayor; Kjell Erfjord received support from the 37 and Lima from the 6. Rettedal stood for mayoral election in 1995, but his candidacy was not voted upon in the county council.In 1993 he was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav. Festschrifts were issued both on Rettedal's fiftieth and sixtieth birthdays, and he was biographed in 1998, in Thorbj\u00f8rn Kindingstad's book Maktens byggherre. Historien om politikeren, ingeni\u00f8ren og sm\u00e5brukeren Arne Rettedal. He was married since 1954, and died on 28 December 2001 in Stavanger.He was portrayed by actor Vegar Hoel in the Norwegian series Lykkeland.", "Q1409100": "Jimmy Lee Fautheree (April 11, 1934 - June 29, 2004) was an American rockabilly and country singer.\nBorn in Smackover, Arkansas, he began playing guitar at age 12, and was heavily influenced by Merle Travis. In 1946 his family moved to Dallas, where he played on KRLD's Big D Jamboree. By 1951 he was playing on the Louisiana Hayride; that year he signed to Capitol Records and released his first single, \"I Keep the Blues All the Time\", as Jimmy Lee. Capitol released seven further singles from Fautheree before dropping him in 1952. Despite never charting, the recordings have been cited as influential on later rockabilly artists, including James Burton.\nFautheree subsequently found work as a session musician for musicians such as Faron Young and Webb Pierce. Along with \"Country\" Johnny Mathis, he performed on Louisiana Hayride as Jimmy & Johnny, and released a charting single under the \"Jimmy Lee & Johnny Mathis\" moniker on Chess Records, 1954's \"If You Don't, Somebody Else Will\". Fautheree left Mathis to work with Wayne Walker, a partnership that lasted only four months but yielded a few recordings. Following this he began recording with his brother Lynn, again under the name Jimmy & Johnny; they signed to Decca Records, but by 1957 the pair had moved back to Dallas.\nFautheree went back to solo recording, recording in New Orleans in 1958 at J&M Studio. He recorded briefly with Mathis again between 1958 and 1959. Some self-released material and a single on Paula Records brought him into 1960, and throughout the next decade Fautheree worked increasingly in the genre of gospel music.\nBy the 1970s Fautheree had left the business, working in asbestos removal. In 1995, he returned to music with Mathis, recording a new single, \"It Won't Be Much Longer\", together. He played both in the U.S. and abroad in the 2000s, and released a full-length album with Deke Dickerson entitled I Found the Doorknob. Shortly after the album was complete he died of cancer in Dallas on June 29, 2004.\nHis mother's name was Lodema Hammonds, the daughter of Mack Hammonds of Maud, Texas, who was a descendant of Phillip Hamman, the Savior of the Greenbrier.", "Q187907": "Tomas Venclova (born 11 September 1937, Klaip\u0117da) is a Lithuanian poet, prose writer, scholar, philologist and translator of literature. He is one of the five founding members of the Lithuanian Helsinki Group. In 1977, following his dissident activities, he was forced to emigrate and was deprived of his Soviet citizenship. Since 1980 he has taught Russian and Polish literature at Yale University. Considered a major figure in world literature, he has received many awards, including the Prize of Two Nations (received jointly with Czes\u0142aw Mi\u0142osz), and The Person of Tolerance of the Year Award from the Sugihara Foundation, among other honors.", "Q11753": "Heinz Fischer GColIH OMRI RSerafO GCollSE (German pronunciation: [ha\u026ants \u02c8f\u026a\u0283\u0250] (listen); born 9 October 1938 in Graz, Styria) is a former Austrian politician. He took office as President of Austria on 8 July 2004 and was re-elected for a second and last term on 25 April 2010, leaving office on 8 July 2016. Fischer previously served as minister of science from 1983 to 1987 and as president of the National Council of Austria from 1990 to 2002. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SP\u00d6), he suspended his party membership for the duration of his presidency.", "Q731150": "Francesco Storace (born 25 January 1959 in Cassino, Lazio) is an Italian politician.", "Q283267": "Dharamvir Bharati (25 December 1926 \u2013 4 September 1997) was a renowned Hindi poet, author, playwright and a social thinker of India. He was the chief editor of the popular Hindi weekly magazine Dharmayug, from 1960 till 1987.Bharati was awarded the Padma Shree for literature in 1972 by the Government of India. His novel Gunaho Ka Devta became a classic. Bharati's Suraj ka Satwan Ghoda is considered a unique experiment in story-telling and was made into a National Film Award-winning movie by the same name in 1992 by Shyam Benegal. Andha Yug, a play set immediately after the Mahabharata war, is a classic that is frequently performed in public by drama groups[3].\nHe was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in Playwriting (Hindi) in 1988, given by Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama.", "Q642814": "Roberto Roversi (28 January 1923 \u2013 14 September 2012) was an Italian poet, writer and journalist.", "Q605": "Ezra Klein is an American journalist, blogger, and political commentator who co-founded Vox, where he is currently editor-at-large. He was previously a blogger and columnist for The Washington Post and an associate editor of The American Prospect. He has served as a contributor to Bloomberg News and MSNBC.\nAt The Washington Post, he managed a branded blog, Wonkblog, which featured his writing and the writing of other policy reporters. Issues discussed in the blog included health care and budget policy. He wrote a primer on policy called Wonkbook, which was delivered by e-mail and on his blog each morning.\nIn January 2014, Klein left The Washington Post and co-founded Vox, a website for explanatory news owned by Vox Media. He served as the editor-in-chief of Vox until September 2017, when he transitioned into his current role. His debut book, Why We're Polarized, was published in January 2020.", "Q85640": "Radost Bokel (born 4 June 1975 in Bad Langensalza) is a German actress.", "Q113814": "Lawrence \"Larry\" Semon (February 9, 1889 \u2013 October 8, 1928) was an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter during the silent film era. In his day, Semon was considered a major movie comedian, but he is now remembered mainly for working with both Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy before they started working together.\nHe is also sometimes noted for directing (as well as appearing in) the 1925 silent film The Wizard of Oz, which had a slight influence on the better-known 1939 talkie The Wizard of Oz released by MGM. The film was included in the 2005 three-disc DVD version of the 1939 film, along with other silent Oz movies.", "Q164444": "Funk is a music genre that originated in African-American communities in the mid-1960s when musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B). Funk de-emphasizes melody and chord progressions and focuses on a strong rhythmic groove of a bassline played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a drummer, often at slower tempos than other popular music. Like much of African-inspired music, funk typically consists of a complex groove with rhythm instruments playing interlocking grooves that created a \"hypnotic\" and \"danceable feel\". Funk uses the same richly colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths and thirteenths.\nFunk originated in the mid-1960s, with James Brown's development of a signature groove that emphasized the downbeat\u2014with heavy emphasis on the first beat of every measure (\"The One\"), and the application of swung 16th notes and syncopation on all basslines, drum patterns, and guitar riffs. Other musical groups, including Sly and the Family Stone, The Meters, and Parliament-Funkadelic, soon began to adopt and develop Brown's innovations. Notable funk women include Chaka Khan, Marva Whitney, Lyn Collins, Brides of Funkenstein, Vicki Anderson, Anna King (The JB's singer), and Parlet.Funk derivatives include the psychedelic funk of Sly Stone and George Clinton; the avant-funk of groups such as Talking Heads and the Pop Group; boogie, a form of post-disco dance music; electro music, a hybrid of electronic music and funk; funk metal (e.g., Living Colour, Faith No More); G-funk, a mix of gangsta rap and funk; Timba, a form of funky Cuban popular dance music; and funk jam. Funk samples and breakbeats have been used extensively in hip hop and various forms of electronic dance music, such as house music, and Detroit techno. It is also the main influence of go-go, a subgenre associated with funk.", "Q241132": "Corinna or Korinna (Ancient Greek: \u039a\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1, romanized: K\u00f3rinna) was an ancient Greek lyric poet from Tanagra in Boeotia, described by Herbert Weir Smyth as the most famous ancient Greek woman poet after Sappho. Although ancient testimonia portray her as a contemporary of Pindar (who lived between about 522 and 443 BC), not all modern scholars accept the accuracy of this tradition, and some claim that she is more likely to have lived in the Hellenistic period of 323 to 31 BC. Her works, which survive only in fragments, focus on local Boeotian legends. Her poetry is of interest as the work of one of the few preserved female poets from ancient Greece.", "Q200608": "Ephrem the Syrian (Classical Syriac: \u0721\u072a\u071d \u0710\u0726\u072a\u071d\u0721 \u0723\u0718\u072a\u071d\u071d\u0710\u200e, romanized: M\u0101r \u02beAp\u0304r\u00eam S\u016bry\u0101y\u0101, Classical Syriac pronunciation: [m\u0251r \u0294af\u02c8rem sur\u02c8j\u0251j\u0251]; Koin\u0113 Greek: \u1f18\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bc \u1f41 \u03a3\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, romanized: Efr\u00e9m o S\u00fdros; Latin: Ephraem Syrus; c. 306 \u2013 373), also known as Saint Ephraem, Ephrem of Edessa, Ephrem, or Ephraim, was a Syriac Christian deacon and a prolific Syriac-language hymnographer and theologian of the fourth century.\nEphrem is especially beloved in the Syriac Orthodox Church, and counted as a Venerable Father (i.e., a sainted Monk) in the Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day is celebrated on 28 January and on the Saturday of the Venerable Fathers. He was declared a Doctor of the Church in the Roman Catholic Church in 1920.\nEphrem wrote a wide variety of hymns, poems, and sermons in verse, as well as prose exegesis. These were works of practical theology for the edification of the Church in troubled times. So popular were his works, that, for centuries after his death, Christian authors wrote hundreds of pseudepigraphal works in his name. He has been called the most significant of all of the fathers of the Syriac-speaking church tradition.\n\n", "Q95453": "Georg Hans Madelung (born 31 July 1889 in Rostock, died 17 August 1972 in Uffing) was a German academic and aeronautical engineer. \nMadelung studied at a several German Technical Universities before his service as a pilot in the First World War. After the war he lectured and worked in Germany and the United States, working on a number of significant aeronautical achievements. Madelung joined the Nazi Party in 1937, and during the Second World War was involved with aeronautical warfare research, including work with Wernher von Braun's rocket program. \nAfter the cessation of hostilities, Madelung resumed academic work in both Germany and the USA. Madelung's research at the Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland included the effects of high acceleration on the human body. \nHe permanently returned to live in Germany from 1954 until his death in 1972. The second son of his marriage to Elisabeth Emma n\u00e9e Messerschmidt is Wilferd Madelung, a noted scholar in Islamic studies.", "Q313660": "Cody Martin Linley (born November 20, 1989) is an American actor and singer. He played a recurring role as Jake Ryan in the television series Hannah Montana, and was a contestant on the seventh season of Dancing With The Stars, in which he was partnered with Julianne Hough and finished fourth.", "Q355153": "Robert Stack (born Charles Langford Modini Stack, January 13, 1919 \u2013 May 14, 2003) was an American actor, sportsman, and television host. Known for his deep, commanding voice and presence, he appeared in over 40 feature films. He starred in the landmark ABC-TV television series The Untouchables (1959\u20131963), for which he won the 1960 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Series, and later hosted/narrated the true crime series Unsolved Mysteries (1987\u20132002). He was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film Written on the Wind (1956).", "Q1184979": "Shinchosha Publishing Co, Ltd. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u65b0\u6f6e\u793e, Kabushiki Kaisha Shinch\u014dsha) is a publisher founded in 1896 in Japan and headquartered in Yaraich\u014d, Shinjuku, Tokyo. Shinchosha is one of the sponsors of the Japan Fantasy Novel Award.", "Q85126": "Hermann Ganswindt (June 12, 1856, Voigtshof bei Seeburg, East Prussia \u2013 October 25, 1934, Berlin, Germany) was a German inventor and spaceflight scientist, whose inventions (such as the dirigible, the helicopter, and the internal combustion engine) are thought to have been ahead of his time.\n\nHe was born in Voigtshof near Seeburg, East Prussia. During his youth, he showed an interest in technology. As a student he developed a freewheel for bicycles, which he later produced in Berlin-Sch\u00f6neberg. Following a suggestion by his parents he attended law school at the universities of Zurich and Leipzig. After completion of his military service he enrolled at the University of Berlin. However, he was exmatriculated for not undertaking his studies.\nAfter 1880 he developed concepts for a space vehicle based on the principle of repulsion. His two-stage vehicle was designed to be driven by a series of dynamite explosions. Since it was to be taken aloft by way of a carrier vehicle, he designed a helicopter as early as 1884.On 27 May 1891, he gave a public speech at the Berlin Philharmony in which he introduced his concept of a galactic vehicle (Weltenfahrzeug). In July 1901 the maiden flight of his helicopter took place in Berlin-Sch\u00f6neberg, which probably was the first heavier-than-air motor-driven flight carrying humans. A movie covering the event was taken by Max Skladanowsky, but it remains lost.\nIn 1902, Ganswindt was accused of fraud and arrested because he had added a safety bar to his vehicle to prevent it from rolling. After spending eight weeks in pre-trial custody he was released after a flight demonstration proved his innocence. Nevertheless, his business was ruined. He died in Berlin, 1934.", "Q365090": "Samuel Michael Simon (June 6, 1955 \u2013 March 8, 2015) was an American director, producer, writer, animal rights activist and philanthropist, who co-developed the television series The Simpsons.\nWhile at Stanford University, Simon worked as a newspaper cartoonist and after graduating became a storyboard artist at Filmation Studios. Simon submitted a spec script for the sitcom Taxi, which was produced, and he later became the series' showrunner. Over the next few years, Simon wrote and produced for Cheers, It's Garry Shandling's Show and other programs, as well as writing the 1991 film The Super.\nIn 1989, Simon developed the animated sitcom The Simpsons with Matt Groening and James L. Brooks. Simon assembled the show's first writing team, co-wrote eight episodes and has been credited with \"developing [the show's] sensibility\". Simon's relationship with Groening was strained and he left the show in 1993, negotiating a pay-off which saw him receive tens of millions of dollars from the show's revenue each year. The following year Simon co-created The George Carlin Show, before later working as a director on shows such as The Drew Carey Show. Simon won nine Primetime Emmy Awards for his television work.\nSimon turned to fields outside television in his later years. He regularly appeared on Howard Stern's radio shows, managed boxer Lamon Brewster and helped guide him to the World Boxing Organization Heavyweight Championship in 2004, and was a regular poker player and six-time in the money finisher at the World Series of Poker. Simon founded the Sam Simon Foundation, which consists of a mobile veterinary clinic that goes into low-income neighborhoods offering free surgeries for cats and dogs several days per week, as well as a program that rescues and trains shelter dogs. He also funded the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society vessel the MY Sam Simon. Simon was engaged at the time of his death, having been previously twice married, including to the actress Jennifer Tilly. Following a profile of Simon on 60 Minutes in 2007, CBS writer Daniel Schorn wrote in an online article that Simon was \"perhaps the Renaissance man of the baffling, uncertain age we live in.\"Simon was diagnosed with terminal colorectal cancer in 2012 and given only three to six months to live. Simon died on March 8, 2015. He bequeathed his $100 million estate to various charities which he actively supported during his lifetime.", "Q122377": "Micheline Anne-Marie Calmy-Rey (born 8 July 1945) is a Swiss politician. She was member of the Swiss Federal Council and became Switzerland's foreign minister as head of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs from 2003 to 2011. She was Vice President of the Confederation in 2006 and 2010 and President in 2007 and 2011. She resigned her office as member of the Federal Council on 31 December 2011.", "Q2126888": "Raf Baldassarre (17 January 1932 - 11 January 1995) was an Italian film actor.", "Q84238": "Peter Ferdinand Drucker (; German: [\u02c8d\u0280\u028ak\u0250]; November 19, 1909 \u2013 November 11, 2005) was an Austrian-born American management consultant, educator, and author, whose writings contributed to the philosophical and practical foundations of the modern business corporation. He was also a leader in the development of management education, he invented the concept known as management by objectives and self-control, and he has been described as \"the founder of modern management\".Drucker's books and scholarly and popular articles explored how humans are organized across the business, government, and nonprofit sectors of society. He is one of the best-known and most widely influential thinkers and writers on the subject of management theory and practice. His writings have predicted many of the major developments of the late twentieth century, including privatization and decentralization; the rise of Japan to economic world power; the decisive importance of marketing; and the emergence of the information society with its necessity of lifelong learning. In 1959, Drucker coined the term \"knowledge worker,\" and later in his life considered knowledge-worker productivity to be the next frontier of management. Drucker gave his name to three institutions and the annual Global Peter Drucker Forum, held in his hometown of Vienna, honors his legacy.", "Q152690": "Maeve Binchy Snell (28 May 1939 \u2013 30 July 2012) was an Irish novelist, playwright, short story writer, columnist, and speaker best known for her sympathetic and often humorous portrayal of small-town life in Ireland, her descriptive characters, her interest in human nature, and her often clever surprise endings. Her novels, which were translated into 37 languages, sold more than 40 million copies worldwide, and her death at age 73, announced by Vincent Browne on Irish television late on 30 July 2012, was mourned as the death of one of Ireland's best-loved and most recognisable writers.She appeared in the US market, featuring on The New York Times best-seller list and in Oprah's Book Club. Recognised for her \"total absence of malice\" and generosity to other writers, she finished 3rd in a 2000 poll for World Book Day, ahead of Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and Stephen King.", "Q143945": "Carla Bruni Sarkozy (born Carla Gilberta Bruni Tedeschi; Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8karla d\u0292il\u02c8b\u025brta \u02c8bru\u02d0ni te\u02c8deski]; 23 December 1967) is an Italian-French singer-songwriter and former supermodel. In 2008, she married Nicolas Sarkozy, then president of France and ex-officio co-prince of Andorra.\nBruni was born in Italy and moved to France at the age of seven. She was a model from 1987 to 1997 before taking up a career in music. She wrote several songs for Julien Clerc that were featured on his 2000 album, Si j'\u00e9tais elle. Bruni released her first album, Quelqu'un m'a dit, in 2002, which eventually spent thirty-four weeks in the top 10 of the French Albums Chart. Bruni won the Victoire Award for Female Artist of the Year at the 2007 Victoires de la Musique. The same year, Bruni released her second album, No Promises, then the following year she released her third album, Comme si de rien n'\u00e9tait. In 2013, Bruni released her fourth album, Little French Songs. In 2017, Bruni released her fifth album, French Touch. She has sold 5 million albums during her career.\nCommitted to social issues, in 2009 she created the Carla Bruni-Sarkozy Foundation to promote access to culture and knowledge for all.\n\n", "Q258305": "Vladimir Luxuria (born 24 June 1965 in Foggia, Apulia) is an Italian trans actress, writer, politician and television host. Luxuria was a Communist Refoundation Party MP, belonging to The Union coalition led by Romano Prodi.\nShe was the first openly transgender member of Parliament in Europe, and the world's second openly transgender MP after New Zealander Georgina Beyer. She lost her seat in the election of April 2008.\nIn the 2006 general election, Luxuria was elected to the Chamber of Deputies by the Lazio 1 constituency in Rome. She lost her seat in the 2008 election. After the retirement of Beyer and Luxuria, there were no transgender MPs reported in the world, until 2011, when Anna Grodzka was elected to the Polish parliament.\n\n", "Q19469": "George Mikes (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8mik\u025b\u0283]; 15 February 1912 \u2013 30 August 1987) was a Hungarian-born British journalist, humourist and writer, best known for his humorous commentaries on various countries.", "Q163": "Yorkshire (; abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Due to its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region. The name is familiar and well understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use in the media and the military, and also features in the titles of current areas of civil administration such as North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and East Riding of Yorkshire.\nWithin the borders of the historic county of Yorkshire are vast stretches of unspoiled countryside. This can be found in the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors and with the open aspect of some of the major cities. Yorkshire has also been nicknamed \"God's Own County\".The emblem of Yorkshire is the White Rose of the English royal House of York, and the most commonly used flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a blue background, which after nearly fifty years of use, was recognised by the Flag Institute on 29 July 2008. Yorkshire Day, held annually on 1 August, is a celebration of the general culture of Yorkshire, ranging from its history to its own dialect.Yorkshire is covered by different Government Office Regions. Most of the county falls within Yorkshire and the Humber while the extreme northern part of the county, such as Middlesbrough, Redcar, Holwick and Startforth, falls within North East England. Small areas in the west of the county are covered by the North West England region.", "Q105910": "Wilhelm Zangen (born 30 September 1891 in Duisburg \u2013 died 25 November 1971 in D\u00fcsseldorf) was a German industrialist and supporter of the Nazi Party.\nZangen had a strong business brain and by his late 30s he was one of the leading figures in the German business world. In December 1934 he became chairman of Mannesmann mills in D\u00fcsseldorf, a role he held until 1957. In this position Zangen oversaw the use of slave labour in the company's tube rolling mills.He joined the Nazi Party and SS in 1937 and was awarded the title Wehrwirtschaftsf\u00fchrer. Other positions he filled under the Nazis included head of the German Industry Association, Vice-President of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce in D\u00fcsseldorf and deputy chair of the Berlin-based Reich Economic Chamber, as well as directorships of a number of companies.After the war Zangen was briefly imprisoned for his use of slave labor and his involvement in arming the Nazi regime. He served only four months of his sentence. He continued with his role at Mannesmann, serving as overall company chairman from 1957 to 1966.", "Q68290": "Affoltern am Albis (abbreviated as Affoltern a.A.; Swiss German: Affoltere) is a town and a municipality in the district of Affoltern in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.\nThe official language of Affoltern is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.", "Q162753": "Sophie Marceau (French: [s\u0254fi ma\u0281so]; born Sophie Dani\u00e8le Sylvie Maupu, 17 November 1966) is a French actress, director, screenwriter, and author. As a teenager, Marceau achieved popularity with her debut films La Boum (1980) and La Boum 2 (1982), receiving a C\u00e9sar Award for Most Promising Actress. She became a film star in Europe with a string of successful films, including L'\u00c9tudiante (1988), Pacific Palisades (1990), Fanfan (1993), and Revenge of the Musketeers (1994). Marceau became an international film star with her performances in Braveheart (1995), Firelight (1997), and the 19th James Bond film The World Is Not Enough (1999).", "Q1524938": "Kane Roberts (born Robert William Athas; January 16, 1962) is an American heavy metal guitarist best known for his tenure in Alice Cooper's band from 1985 to 1988. Additionally, he has performed as a solo act, and his cover of the unreleased Bon Jovi song \"Does Anybody Really Fall In Love Anymore\" (which had already been covered by Cher on her Heart of Stone album) cracked the Top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100. He also played a cameo role as a forklift driver in Wes Craven's Shocker.\nRoberts is notable for his Rambo-like appearance and physique and his usage of an electric guitar shaped like a machine gun.", "Q83557": "Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432; 14 December 1922 \u2013 1 July 2001) was a Soviet physicist and educator. For his fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics that led to the development of laser and maser, Basov shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics with Alexander Prokhorov and Charles Hard Townes.", "Q369872": "Hutchings Royal \"Hutch\" Dano (born May 21, 1992) is an American actor, writer, producer, and musician. He is best known for his roles as Zeke Falcone in Zeke and Luther, and Sam in Zombeavers.", "Q482444": "Matchbox Twenty (previously Matchbox 20, and frequently shortened to MB20) is an American rock band, formed in Orlando, Florida, in 1995. The group currently consists of Rob Thomas (lead vocals, guitar, keyboards), Brian Yale (bass guitar), Paul Doucette (drums, rhythm guitar, backing vocals), and Kyle Cook (lead guitar, vocals).\nMatchbox Twenty rose to international fame with their debut album, Yourself or Someone Like You (1996), which was certified 12\u00d7 Platinum (diamond) in the United States and multi-platinum in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Their second album, Mad Season, released in 2000, charted in the top three on the Billboard 200 and was certified 4\u00d7 Platinum in the United States. Their third album, More Than You Think You Are, released in 2002, was only certified 2\u00d7 Platinum in the United States, despite its singles receiving significant airplay.\nThe band then went on hiatus in 2004 after rhythm guitarist Adam Gaynor's departure. As a result, Paul Doucette took over rhythm guitar when the band reunited in 2007. They released a compilation album, Exile on Mainstream, which was certified Gold in the United States. After the release, the band toured to support it. Matchbox Twenty then took another hiatus while Rob Thomas embarked on a successful solo career but reunited again in 2010. On September 4, 2012, the band released their fourth studio album, North, which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200.", "Q25390": "Leeuwarden (US: , Dutch: [\u02c8le\u02d0\u028b\u0251rd\u0259(n)] (listen); West Frisian: Ljouwert [\u02c8lj\u0254\u02d0\u028b(\u0259)t]/[\u02c8\u028e\u0254\u02d0w(\u0259)t] (listen), Town Frisian: Liwwadden) is a city and municipality in Friesland in the Netherlands. It is the provincial capital and seat of the States of Friesland. The municipality has a population of 122,293.\nThe region has been continuously inhabited since the 10th century. It came to be known as Leeuwarden in the early 9th century AD and was granted city privileges in 1435. It is the main economic hub of Friesland, situated in a green and water-rich environment. Leeuwarden is a former royal residence and has a historic city center, many historically relevant buildings, and a large shopping center with squares and restaurants. Leeuwarden was awarded the title European Capital of Culture for 2018.\nThe Elfstedentocht (Eleven Cities Tour), an ice skating tour passing the eleven cities of Friesland, started and finished in Leeuwarden.\nThe following towns and villages within the municipality have populations in excess of 1,000 people: Leeuwarden, Stiens, Grou, Goutum, Wergea, Jirnsum, Reduzum, and Wirdum. The municipality is governed by the mayor Sybrand van Haersma Buma and a coalition of the Labour Party, Christian Democratic Appeal, and GreenLeft.", "Q273180": "Susan Oliver (born Charlotte Gercke, February 13, 1932 \u2013 May 10, 1990) was an American actress, television director, and aviator.\n\n", "Q97522": "Max Devrient (12 December 1857 \u2013 14 June 1929) was a German-born stage and film actor. He worked at the Burgtheater in Vienna throughout his career, and in 1920 was made chief director. He was the son of the actor Karl August Devrient.\n\n", "Q347557": "Johannes van Damme (1 June 1935 \u2013 23 September 1994) was a Dutch engineer and businessman executed in Singapore for drug trafficking. He was the first European to be executed in Singapore since its independence.", "Q88402": "Andrea Clausen (born 17 January 1959 in Oldenburg) is a German stage actress, member of the Burgtheater ensemble.\n\n", "Q111965": "Frederick William Lord (December 11, 1800 \u2013 May 24, 1860) was a United States Representative from New York. \nBorn in Lyme, New London County, Connecticut, he attended Lyme Academy and was graduated from Yale College in 1821. He was a professor of mathematics in Washington College (in Chestertown, Maryland) for two years and was in charge of an academy at Baltimore for three years. He studied medicine in Baltimore and was graduated in medicine from Yale College in 1828; he commenced the practice of medicine in Sag Harbor, New York, continuing in his profession there for fifteen years.\nLord was a delegate to the Whig National Convention at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in 1840, and moved to Greenport in 1846 and engaged in agricultural pursuits and the cultivation of fruit and ornamental trees. He was elected as a Democrat to the Thirtieth Congress, holding office from March 4, 1847, to March 3, 1849. He resumed his former pursuits in Greenport and was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1854 to the Thirty-fourth Congress and in 1856 to the Thirty-fifth Congress. He was elected a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1860, but on his way to attend the convention was taken ill on the steamer Massachusetts, and died in New York City. Interment was in East Hampton Cemetery, East Hampton.", "Q15253": "Dmitry Yuryevich Puchkov (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u042e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0443\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432; born August 2, 1961), also known as Starshiy Operupolnomocheniy Goblin, is an English-to-Russian movie and video game translator, script-writer, author, and activist. His alternative voice-over translations of famous Hollywood movies are widely known both for their perceived profanity and humour.\nPuchkov's translation of the Russian gangster film Bumer is his only work on Russian movies and was the last \"alternative dubbing\" of his studio Bozhya Iskra. Puchkov is also a popular blogger and film reviewer.\n\n", "Q3268876": "The Lyc\u00e9e Pasteur (French: Lyc\u00e9e Pasteur de Neuilly-sur-Seine) is a French state-run secondary school in Neuilly-sur-Seine, on the outskirts of Paris. It accepts students from coll\u00e8ge (the first four years of secondary education in France) through to classes pr\u00e9paratoires (classes to prepare students for entrance to the elite Grandes \u00e9coles). Built in the grounds of the former chateau de Neuilly, the lyc\u00e9e is named in honour of Louis Pasteur. It was originally planned to open in October 1914 but with the advent of the First World War the building was instead used as a military hospital by American Field Services and not inaugurated until October 1923. \nIt was used as the location for the film, Neuilly sa m\u00e8re !", "Q299559": "Nur Muhammad Taraki (15 July 1917 \u2013 8 October 1979) was an Afghan communist statesman during the Cold War who served as President of Afghanistan from 1978 to 1979. Taraki was born near Kabul and graduated from Kabul University, after which he started his political career as a journalist. He later became one of the founding members of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and was elected as the party's general secretary at its first congress. He ran as a candidate in the 1965 Afghan parliamentary election but failed to secure himself a seat. In 1966 he published the first issue of Khalq, a party newspaper, but it was closed down shortly afterwards by the government. He led the Khalq wing of the PDPA. In 1978 Taraki, along with Hafizullah Amin and Babrak Karmal initiated the Saur Revolution and established the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.\nThe presidency of Taraki, albeit short-lived, was always marked by controversies. The government was divided between two PDPA factions: the Khalqists (which Taraki was the leader of), the majority, and the Parchamites, the minority. He started a purge of the government and party that led to several high-ranking Parchamite members being sent into de facto exile by being assigned to serve overseas as ambassadors. Taraki launched a land reform on 1 January 1979 which proved to be highly unpopular. His regime also brutally locked up dissidents and oversaw massacres of villagers. These factors, among others, led to a popular backlash that initiated a rebellion. Despite repeated attempts throughout his reign, Taraki proved unable to persuade the Soviet Union to intervene in support of the restoration of civil order.\nHis reign was marked by a dictator-like cult of personality centered around himself that had been cultivated by Amin. The state press and subsequent propaganda started to refer to him as the \"Great Leader\" and \"Great Teacher\". His relationship with Amin turned sour during his rule, ultimately resulting in Taraki's overthrow on 14 September 1979 and subsequent murder on 8 October, upon Amin's orders. His death was a factor that led to the Soviet intervention in December 1979.\nOutside politics, from the 1940s onwards he also wrote some novels and short-stories in the socialist realism style.", "Q74861": "Thanin Kraivichien (first name also spelled Tanin, last name Kraivixien or Kraivichian; Thai: \u0e18\u0e32\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e4c \u0e01\u0e23\u0e31\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e23, RTGS: Thanin Kraiwichian, IPA: [t\u02b0a\u02d0.nin krai.w\u00ed.t\u0361\u0255\u02b0ian]; born 5 April 1927) is a Thai former judge, politician and law professor. He was the prime minister of Thailand between 1976 and 1977. Subsequently, he was a member of the Privy Council until 2016.", "Q931561": "Jeff \"Mantas\" Dunn (born 22 April 1961) is a British guitarist best known as one of the founding members of seminal thrash/speed metal band Venom, with which he played as a guitarist from 1979 to 1985 and 1989 to 2002.", "Q170357": "Maxime Weygand (French pronunciation: \u200b[v\u025b\u0261\u0251\u0303]; 21 January 1867 \u2013 28 January 1965) was a French military commander in World War I and World War II.\nWeygand mainly served as a staff officer to Ferdinand Foch in World War I. Weygand initially fought against the Germans during the invasion of France in 1940, but then signed an armistice with and partially collaborated with the Germans as part of the Vichy France regime before being arrested by the Germans for not fully collaborating with them.", "Q3568387": "William Allen (29 August 1770 \u2013 30 September 1843) was an English scientist and philanthropist who opposed slavery and engaged in schemes of social and penal improvement in early nineteenth-century England.", "Q300393": "A Dirty Shame is a 2004 American satirical sex comedy film written and directed by John Waters and starring Tracey Ullman, Johnny Knoxville, Selma Blair, Chris Isaak, Suzanne Shepherd and Mink Stole.\nAs of 2019, A Dirty Shame is the last theatrical film directed by Waters, who said that the film's poor box office performance had prevented him from making more films.", "Q940617": "Homero Nicol\u00e1s Manzione Prestera, better known as Homero Manzi (November 1, 1907 \u2013 May 3, 1951) was an Argentinian Argentine tango lyricist, author of various famous tangos.\nHe was born on November 1 of 1907 in A\u00f1atuya (province of Santiago del Estero), Argentina. Manzi was interested in literature and tango since he was young. After a brief incursion in journalism, he worked as a literature and Spanish professor but for political reasons (in addition to his membership in the Uni\u00f3n C\u00edvica Radical) he was expelled from his professorship and decided to dedicate himself to the arts.\nIn 1935 he participated in the beginnings of FORJA (Fuerza de Orientaci\u00f3n Radical de la Joven Argentina \u2013 Force of Radical Orientation of the Young in Argentina), group whose position has been classified as \u201cpeoples nationalism\u201d. It was centered almost exclusively in the problems in Argentina and Latin America. They manifested to \u201creconquer the political Sunday from our own land\u201d since it was considered that the country was still in a colonial situation. In relation to the European conflict at the time, it supported a neutral position sustaining that there was no great interest was in play in Argentina or Latin America, it was more of a rejection position towards fascism just as much as communism.In 1934 Manzi founded Micr\u00f3fono (\"Microphone\") magazine which covered subjects related to radio telephony, Argentine movies and film making. He wrote the screenplay for Nobleza Gaucha in 1937 in collaboration with Hugo Mac Dougall, and a new version of the silent movie of 1915, Huella (\"Footprint\") (1940), for which they received second prize from Buenos Aires City Hall. He also worked in Confesi\u00f3n (\"Confession\") (1940), without achieving commercial success with any of these movies.In 1940 Manzi started what would be a long collaboration with Ulyses Petit de Murat, writing the screenplay for Con el dedo en el gatillo (\"Finger on the trigger\") (1940) Fort\u00edn alto (\"High Fort\") (1940), and The Gaucho War (1942). At the 1943 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards, Manzi and Murat won the Silver Condor Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for their screenplay of The Gaucho War which proved highly successful.The early death of the poet was caused by cancer on Thursday, May 3, 1951.", "Q563335": "The German Mathematical Society (German: Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung, DMV) is the main professional society of German mathematicians and represents German mathematics within the European Mathematical Society (EMS) and the International Mathematical Union (IMU). It was founded in 1890 in Bremen with the set theorist Georg Cantor as first president. Founding members included \nGeorg Cantor, \nFelix Klein, \nWalther von Dyck,\nDavid Hilbert, \nHermann Minkowski, \nCarl Runge, \nRudolf Sturm, \nHermann Schubert, and \nHeinrich Weber.The current president of the DMV is Friedrich G\u00f6tze (2019-2020).", "Q262502": "Chelsea Joy Handler (born February 25, 1975) is an American comedian, actress, writer, television host, producer, and activist. She hosted the late-night talk show Chelsea Lately on the E! network from 2007 to 2015, and released a documentary series, Chelsea Does, on Netflix in January 2016. Between 2016 and 2017, Handler hosted the talk show, Chelsea, on Netflix.In 2012, Time named Handler one of the 100 most influential people in the world on its annual Time 100 list.", "Q99080": "Bruno Beater (5 February 1914 \u2013 9 April 1982) was an East German intelligence officer and politician. He served as First Deputy Minister of State Security in the administrations of Walter Ulbricht and Erich Honecker.", "Q192885": "Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043e\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, tr. Vissari\u00f3n Grig\u00f3r\u02b9yevich Bel\u00ednskiy, IPA: [v\u02b2\u026as\u0259r\u02b2\u026a\u02c8on gr\u02b2\u026a\u02c8gor\u02b2j\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 b\u02b2\u026a\u02c8l\u02b2insk\u02b2\u026aj]; June 11 [O.S. May 30] 1811 \u2013 June 7 [O.S. May 26] 1848) was a Russian literary critic of Westernizing tendency. Belinsky played one of the key roles in the career of poet and publisher Nikolay Nekrasov and his popular magazine Sovremennik. He was the most influential of the Westernizers, especially among the younger generation. He worked primarily as a literary critic, because that area was less heavily censored than political pamphlets. He agreed with Slavophiles that society had precedence over individualism, but he insisted the society had to allow the expression of individual ideas and rights. He strongly opposed Slavophiles on the role of Orthodoxy, which he considered a retrograde force. He emphasized reason and knowledge, and attacked autocracy and theocracy.", "Q545494": "Genya Ravan, a.k.a. Goldie (born Genyusha Zelkovicz; April 19, 1940) is an American rock singer and producer. She was lead singer of The Escorts, Goldie and the Gingerbreads, and Ten Wheel Drive.", "Q170800": "Pedro Calder\u00f3n de la Barca y Barreda Gonz\u00e1lez de Henao Ruiz de Blasco y Ria\u00f1o (17 January 1600 \u2013 25 May 1681), usually referred as Pedro Calder\u00f3n de la Barca (UK: , US: , Spanish: [\u02c8pe\u00f0\u027eo kalde\u02c8\u027eon de la \u02c8\u03b2a\u027eka]), was a dramatist, poet and writer of the Spanish Golden Age. During certain periods of his life he was also a soldier and a Roman Catholic priest. Born when the Spanish Golden Age theatre was being defined by Lope de Vega, he developed it further, his work being regarded as the culmination of the Spanish Baroque theatre. As such, he is regarded as one of Spain's foremost dramatists and one of the finest playwrights of world literature.", "Q108763": "Christine Wodetzky (1940\u20132004) was a German film and television actress.", "Q205599": "George Robert Lazenby (; born 5 September 1939) is an Australian actor and former model widely known for his role as Ian Fleming's fictional British secret agent James Bond in the film On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969). At the age of 29, he was the youngest actor to have portrayed Bond, the only Bond actor to receive a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year \u2013 Actor, and the only non-European actor to take on the role in the official Bond series.\nPrior to his portrayal of Bond, Lazenby was a model. He declined subsequent Bond films, and continued to act in Italy, Hong Kong, Australia, and Hollywood. His career stalled in the 1970s and he moved into business and invested in real estate. He later appeared in several films and television series, including roles which parody the James Bond character. In 2017, a Hulu docudrama film, Becoming Bond, featured Lazenby recounting his life story and portrayal as Bond.", "Q274360": "\u00c9douard Louis Joseph, Baron Empain (20 September 1852 \u2013 22 July 1929), was a wealthy Walloon Belgian engineer, entrepreneur, financier and industrialist, as well as an amateur Egyptologist. During World War I he became a known Major-General.", "Q587919": "Phil Demmel (born April 2, 1967) is a musician, who played lead guitar in American heavy metal band Machine Head between 2002 and 2018, making him their longest running member in that position. He has also played in other bands such as Vio-lence, Torque and BPMD, and briefly joined Slayer as a fill-in guitarist.", "Q118570": "Hans Billian (born Hans Joachim Hubert Backe, April 15, 1918 in Breslau (today, Wroc\u0142aw, Poland) - December 18, 2007 in Gr\u00e4felfing, Bavaria) was a German film director, screenwriter, and actor noted for the \"sex comedies\" he directed in the 1970s. He was also credited as Hans Billan, Phillip Halliday, and Christian Kessler.", "Q36105": "Charles Bronson (born Charles Dennis Buchinsky; Lithuanian: Karolis Dionyzas Bu\u010dinskis; November 3, 1921 \u2013 August 30, 2003) was an American actor. He was often cast in the role of a police officer, gunfighter, or vigilante in revenge-oriented plot lines, had long-term collaborations with film directors Michael Winner and J. Lee Thompson, and appeared in fifteen films with his second wife Jill Ireland.\nAt the height of his fame in the early 1970s, he was the world's No. 1 box office attraction, commanding $1 million per film.", "Q70150": "Maria Kliegel (born 14 November 1952) is a German cellist.\n\n", "Q124289": "Gaston-Armand \"Guy\" Amaudruz (21 December 1920 \u2013 7 September 2018) was a Swiss neo-fascist political philosopher and Holocaust denier.\n\n", "Q113425": "Stanis\u0142aw Lubieniecki (German: Stanislaus de Lubienietz, also Lubiniezky or Lubyenyetsky) (August 23, 1623 in Rak\u00f3w \u2013 May 18, 1675 in Hamburg) was a Polish Socinian theologist, historian, astronomer, and writer. He is the eponym of the lunar crater Lubiniezky.", "Q793718": "Anna Sim\u00f3n Mar\u00ed (Mollet del Vall\u00e8s, Barcelona, 9 August 1982) is a Spanish TV host. She has a degree in journalism.\nOn 17 January 2005, at the age of 22, she started featuring on TV channel TeleTaxi. After a brief stint in call TV programs, she appeared in the satirical news program Estas no son las noticias on Cuatro. She appeared in two afternoon magazines in TV3, Tvist and Divendres (2009-2010). In 2010 she became one of the hosts (along with Florentino Fern\u00e1ndez and Dani Mart\u00ednez) of the \"silly\" comedy program Tonter\u00edas las justas (Cuatro, 2010) as well as its spiritual sequel Otra movida (Neox, 2011).\nShe was in the sixth position of singers imitation contest Tu cara me suena in Antena 3 and in September 2012 she joined as a partner of El hormiguero in the same channel.On 19 February 2013 she became the host of the comedy program As\u00ed nos va, along with Florentino Fern\u00e1ndez on La Sexta until June 2013. She was also the host of the magic contest program Por arte de magia on Antena 3 from September to October 2013. Since 2014 she has appeared in the comedy program Zapeando on laSexta.", "Q295834": "Jean-Pierre L\u00e9aud, ComM (French: [\u0292\u0251\u0303pj\u025b\u0281 le.o]; born 28 May 1944) is a French actor, best known for playing Antoine Doinel in Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut's series of films about that character, beginning with The 400 Blows (Les Quatre Cents Coups, 1959). He also worked several times with Jean-Luc Godard, and is a significant figure of the French New Wave.", "Q582861": "The Marinid Sultanate covered present-day Morocco and, intermittently, parts of North Africa and southern Spain around Gibraltar, from the mid-13th to the 15th century. It was ruled by the Marinid dynasty (Berber: \u2d30\u2d62\u2d5c \u2d4e\u2d54\u2d49\u2d4f ayt mrin; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u200e al-mar\u012bniyy\u016bn), or Banu Abd al-Haqq, a Sunni Muslim family of Zenata Berber descent.In 1244, the Marinid rulers overthrew the Almohad Caliphate, which had controlled present-day Morocco. The Marinid dynasty briefly held sway over all the Maghreb in the mid-14th century. It supported the Kingdom of Granada in al-Andalus in the 13th and 14th centuries; an attempt to gain a direct foothold on the European side of the Strait of Gibraltar was however defeated at the Battle of R\u00edo Salado in 1340 and finished after the Castilian conquest of Algeciras from the Marinids in 1344.The Marinids were overthrown after the 1465 Moroccan revolt. The Wattasid dynasty, a related ruling house, came to power in 1472.", "Q975874": "Kathleen Howard (July 27, 1884 - April 15, 1956) was a Canadian-born American opera singer, magazine editor, and character actress from the mid-1930s through the 1940s.", "Q443797": "Joan Maud Littlewood (6 October 1914 \u2013 20 September 2002) was an English theatre director who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, and is best known for her work in developing the Theatre Workshop. She has been called \"The Mother of Modern Theatre\". Her production of Oh, What a Lovely War! in 1963 was one of her more influential pieces.\nLittlewood and her company lived and slept in the Theatre Royal while it was restored. Productions of The Alchemist and Richard II, the latter starring Harry H. Corbett in the title role, established the reputation of the company.She also conceived and developed the concept of the Fun Palace in collaboration with architect Cedric Price, an experimental model of a participatory social environment that, although never realized, has become an important influence in the architecture of the 20th and 21st centuries.Miss Littlewood, a musical written about Littlewood by Sam Kenyon, was performed by the Royal Shakespeare Company in 2018.", "Q3933": "Celle (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ts\u025bl\u0259]) is a town and capital of the district of Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany. The town is situated on the banks of the river Aller, a tributary of the Weser and has a population of about 71,000. Celle is the southern gateway to the L\u00fcneburg Heath, has a castle (Schloss Celle) built in the Renaissance and Baroque style and a picturesque old town centre (the Altstadt) with over 400 timber-framed houses, making Celle one of the most remarkable members of the German Timber-Frame Road. From 1378 to 1705, Celle was the official residence of the L\u00fcneburg branch of the dukes of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg (House of Welf) who had been banished from their original ducal seat by its townsfolk.", "Q201927": "David Michael Hasselhoff (born July 17, 1952), nicknamed \"The Hoff\", is an American actor, singer, producer, and businessman, who set a Guinness World Record as the most watched man on TV.\nHe first gained recognition on The Young and The Restless, playing Dr. Snapper Foster. His career continued with his leading role as Michael Knight on Knight Rider and as L.A. County Lifeguard Mitch Buchannon in the series Baywatch. Hasselhoff produced Baywatch from the 1990s until 2001 when the series ended with Baywatch Hawaii. He has also appeared in films, including Click, Dodgeball, The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, and Hop. Before Samuel L. Jackson, Hasselhoff was the first actor to portray the Marvel Comics character Nick Fury in the 1998 telefilm Nick Fury: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.\nIn 2000, he made his Broadway debut in the musical Jekyll & Hyde. Following his debut, he starred in other musicals including Chicago and The Producers.", "Q66732": "Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy (July 6, 1888 \u2013 February 24, 1973) was a historian and social philosopher, whose work spanned the disciplines of history, theology, sociology, linguistics and beyond. Born in Berlin, Germany into a non-observant Jewish family, the son of a prosperous banker, he converted to Christianity in his late teens, and thereafter the interpretation and reinterpretation of Christianity was a consistent theme in his writings. He met and married Margrit H\u00fcssy in 1914. In 1925, the couple legally combined their names. They had a son, Hans, in 1921.\nRosenstock-Huessy served as an officer in the German army during World War I. His experience caused him to reexamine the foundations of liberal Western culture. He then pursued an academic career in Germany as a specialist in medieval law, which was disrupted by the rise of Nazism. In 1933, after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany, he emigrated to the United States where he began a new academic career, initially at Harvard University and then at Dartmouth College, where he taught from 1935 to 1957.\nAlthough never part of the mainstream of intellectual discussion during his lifetime, his work drew the attention of W. H. Auden, Harold Berman, Martin Marty, Lewis Mumford, Page Smith, and others. Rosenstock-Huessy may be best known as the close friend of and correspondent with Franz Rosenzweig. Their exchange of letters is considered by scholars of religion and theology to be indispensable in the study of the modern encounter of Jews with Christianity. In his work, Rosenstock-Huessy discussed speech and language as the dominant shaper of human character and abilities in every social context. He is viewed as belonging to a group of thinkers who revived post-Nietzschean religious thought.\n\n", "Q188605": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. The main symptoms include shortness of breath and cough with sputum production. COPD is a progressive disease, meaning it typically worsens over time. Eventually, everyday activities such as walking or getting dressed become difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are older terms used for different types of COPD. The term \"chronic bronchitis\" is still used to define a productive cough that is present for at least three months each year for two years. Those with such a cough are at a greater risk of developing COPD. The term \"emphysema\" is also used for the abnormal presence of air or other gas within tissues.The most common cause of COPD is tobacco smoking, with a smaller number due to factors such as air pollution and genetics. In the developing world, one of the common sources of air pollution is poorly vented heating and cooking fires. Long-term exposure to these irritants causes an inflammatory response in the lungs, resulting in narrowing of the small airways and breakdown of lung tissue. The diagnosis is based on poor airflow as measured by lung function tests. In contrast to asthma, the airflow reduction does not improve much with the use of a bronchodilator.Most cases of COPD can be prevented by reducing exposure to risk factors. This includes decreasing rates of smoking and improving indoor and outdoor air quality. While treatment can slow worsening, no cure is known. COPD treatments include smoking cessation, vaccinations, respiratory rehabilitation, and often inhaled bronchodilators and steroids. Some people may benefit from long-term oxygen therapy or lung transplantation. In those who have periods of acute worsening, increased use of medications, antibiotics, steroids, and hospitalization may be needed.As of 2015, COPD affected about 174.5 million people (2.4% of the global population). It typically occurs in people over the age of 40. Males and females are affected equally commonly. In 2015, it resulted in 3.2 million deaths, up from 2.4 million deaths in 1990. More than 90% of these deaths occur in the developing world. The number of deaths is projected to increase further because of higher smoking rates in the developing world, and an ageing population in many countries. It resulted in an estimated economic cost of $2.1 trillion in 2010.", "Q69401": "Morges (Latin: Morgiis, plural, probably ablative, else dative) is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud and the seat of the district of Morges. It is located on Lake Geneva.", "Q71528": "Franziska Maria \"Ska\" Keller (German: [\u02c8ska\u02d0 \u02c8k\u025bl\u0250]; born 22 November 1981) is a German politician and member of the European Parliament for the Germany constituency. She is a member of the Alliance '90/The Greens, part of the European Green Party.She is co-president of the Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament and member of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE). Ska Keller was the European Greens' frontrunner during the European elections 2014 together with Jos\u00e9 Bov\u00e9 and has been elected to lead them again for the European elections 2019, together with Dutchman Bas Eickhout. She is currently serving her second term in office, while she was first elected into the European Parliament at the age of 27 in 2009.", "Q269331": "Precious: Based on the Novel 'Push' by Sapphire, or simply Precious, is a 2009 American drama film, directed and co-produced by Lee Daniels. The script was written by Geoffrey S. Fletcher, adapted from the 1996 novel Push by Sapphire. The film stars Gabourey Sidibe, Mo'Nique, Paula Patton, and Mariah Carey. This film marked the acting debut of Sidibe, who portrays a young woman struggling against poverty and abuse.\nThe film, then without a distributor, premiered to acclaim at both the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and the 2009 Cannes Film Festival, under its original title of Push: Based on the Novel by Sapphire. At Sundance, it won the Audience Award and the Grand Jury Prize for best drama, as well as a Special Jury Prize for supporting actress Mo'Nique. After Precious' screening at Sundance in January 2009, Tyler Perry announced that he and Oprah Winfrey would be providing promotional assistance to the film, which was released through Lionsgate Entertainment. Precious won the People's Choice Award at the Toronto International Film Festival in September. The film's title was changed from Push to Precious: Based on the Novel \"Push\" by Sapphire, to avoid confusion with the 2009 action film Push. Precious was also an official selection at the 62nd Cannes Film Festival (particularly the un certain regard section).\nLionsgate gave the film a limited release in North America on November 6, 2009, with an expanded release on November 20. Precious received largely positive reviews from critics; the performances of Sidibe and Mo'Nique, the story, and its message were highly praised. The film was a box office success, earning over $63 million on a $10 million budget.Precious received six nominations at the 82nd Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director for Daniels, and Best Actress for Sidibe. Mo'Nique won the award for Best Supporting Actress, while Geoffrey Fletcher won for Best Adapted Screenplay, becoming the first African-American to win a screenplay award at the Oscars.", "Q362516": "Nikki Sixx (born Frank Carlton Serafino Feranna Jr.; December 11, 1958) is an American musician, songwriter, radio host, and photographer, best known as the co-founder, bassist, and primary songwriter of the band M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce. Prior to forming M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce, Sixx was a member of Sister before going on to form London with his Sister bandmate Lizzie Grey. In 2000, he formed side project group 58 with Dave Darling, Steve Gibb and Bucket Baker issuing one album, titled Diet for a New America, the same year while, in 2002, he formed the hard rock supergroup Brides of Destruction with L.A. Guns guitarist Tracii Guns. Formed in 2006, initially to record an audio accompaniment to Sixx's autobiography The Heroin Diaries: A Year in the Life of a Shattered Rock Star, his side band Sixx:A.M. features songwriter, producer, and vocalist James Michael and guitarist DJ Ashba.Sixx has also worked with a number of artists and groups, co-writing and/or producing songs, such as Sex Pistols's guitarist Steve Jones, Lita Ford, Alice Cooper, Meat Loaf, Marion Raven, Drowning Pool, Saliva and The Last Vegas, among others.\nSixx launched the clothing line \"Royal Underground\" in 2006 with Kelly Gray, formerly the co-president and house model of St. John. Initially the label concentrated on men's clothing before expanding into women's while in 2010, Premiere Radio Networks launched nationally syndicated Rock/alternative music radio programs \"Sixx Sense\" and \"The Side Show Countdown\" with both based in Dallas, Texas and hosted by Sixx and co-hosted by Jenn Marino.\n\n", "Q79174": "Baron Cajetan von Felder (German: Cajetan Freiherr von Felder; 19 September 1814 \u2013 30 November 1894) was an Austrian lawyer, entomologist and liberal politician. He served as mayor of Vienna from 1868 to 1878.", "Q270660": "Michael S. Vartan (born November 27, 1968) is a French-American actor, best known for his role as Michael Vaughn on the ABC television action drama Alias, his role on the TNT medical drama Hawthorne, and his role on the E! drama The Arrangement as Terence Anderson. His film roles include The Pallbearer, Never Been Kissed, The Next Best Thing, One Hour Photo, Monster-in-Law, Rogue, and Colombiana.", "Q57289": "Toomas Hendrik Ilves (Estonian pronunciation: [\u02c8to\u02d0m\u0251s \u02c8hendrik \u02c8ilves]; born 26 December 1953) is an Estonian politician who served as the fourth President of Estonia from 2006 until 2016. Ilves worked as a diplomat and journalist, and he was the leader of the Social Democratic Party in the 1990s. He served in the government as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1996 to 1998 and again from 1999 to 2002. Later, he was a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 to 2006. He was elected as President of Estonia by an electoral college on 23 September 2006 and his term as President began on 9 October 2006. He was reelected by Parliament in 2011. \n\n", "Q402913": "Bengalis (Bengali: \u09ac\u09be\u0999\u09be\u09b2\u09bf [ba\u014bali]), also rendered as the Bengali people, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group native to the Bengal region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, presently divided between Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam's Barak Valley. They speak Bengali, a language from the Indo-Aryan language family. The term \"Bangalee\" is also used to denote people of Bangladesh as a nation.Bengalis are the third largest ethnic group in the world, after Han Chinese and Arabs. Apart from Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, and Assam's Barak Valley, Bengali-majority populations also reside in India's union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands as well as Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts, with significant populations in Arunachal Pradesh, Delhi, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Uttarakhand. The global Bengali diaspora (Bangladeshi diaspora and Indian Bengalis) have well-established communities in Pakistan, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, the Middle East, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, and Italy.\nThey have four major religious subgroups: Bengali Muslims, Bengali Hindus, Bengali Christians, and Bengali Buddhists.", "Q284087": "Ida Kami\u0144ska (September 18, 1899 \u2013 May 21, 1980) was a Polish actress and director. Known mainly for her work in the theatre, she was the daughter of Ester Rachel Kami\u0144ska who was known as the Mother of the Jewish Stage. The Jewish Theatre in Warsaw, Poland is named in their honor. In her long career Kami\u0144ska produced more than 70 plays, and performed in more than 150 productions. She also wrote two plays of her own and translated many works in Yiddish. World War II disrupted her career, and she later immigrated to the United States where she continued to act. In 1967, she directed herself in the lead role of Mother Courage and Her Children on Broadway. In 1973, she released her autobiography, titled My Life, My Theater.She starred in the 1965 film The Shop on Main Street, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film. For her performance, she received special mention at the Cannes Film Festival, as well as nominations for the Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress.", "Q904733": "Dexter's Laboratory (commonly abbreviated as Dexter's Lab) is an American animated television series created by Genndy Tartakovsky for Cartoon Network. It follows Dexter, a boy-genius and inventor with a hidden laboratory in his room, which he keeps secret from his parents. He is in a constant battle with his older sister Dee Dee, who always finds a way to get inside Dexter's lab and inadvertently foil his experiments. Dexter also engages in a bitter rivalry with a fellow boy-genius named Mandark, who is Dexter's neighbor and classmate. Prominently featured in the series' first two seasons are segments featuring superhero-based characters Monkey, Dexter's pet lab-monkey/superhero, and The Justice Friends, a trio of superheroes who share an apartment.\nTartakovsky pitched the series to Fred Seibert's first animated shorts showcase What a Cartoon! at Hanna-Barbera, basing it on student films Tartakovsky produced at the California Institute of the Arts, and four pilots aired from 1995 to 1996. Viewer approval ratings led to a half-hour series, which initially ran for two seasons with 52 total episodes from April 27, 1996, to June 15, 1998. On December 10, 1999, a made-for-television movie titled Ego Trip aired as the intended series finale, and Tartakovsky left to begin work on Samurai Jack.\nIn 2001, the series was revived for two more seasons containing 26 total episodes, which began on November 18 of that year, and concluded on November 20, 2003. Due to Tartakovsky's departure from the series, the new seasons were made under Chris Savino and a different production team at Cartoon Network Studios, with various changes to the visual art style and character designs.\nDexter's Laboratory won three Annie Awards, with nominations for four Primetime Emmy Awards, four Golden Reel Awards, and nine other Annie Awards. The series is notable for helping launch the careers of animators Craig McCracken, Seth MacFarlane, Butch Hartman, and Rob Renzetti. Spin-off media include comic books, DVD and VHS releases, music albums, collectible toys, and video games.", "Q336147": "George John Patrick Dominic Townshend, 7th Marquess Townshend (13 May 1916 \u2013 23 April 2010), styled Viscount Raynham until 1921, was a British peer and businessman.", "Q44593": "Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul (; 17 August 1932 \u2013 11 August 2018), most commonly known as V. S. Naipaul, and informally, Vidia Naipaul, was a Trinidad and Tobago-born British writer of works of fiction and nonfiction in English. He is known for his comic early novels set in Trinidad, his bleaker novels of alienation in the wider world, and his vigilant chronicles of life and travels. He wrote in prose that was widely admired, but his views sometimes aroused controversy. He published more than thirty books over fifty years.\nNaipaul won the Booker Prize in 1971 for his novel In a Free State. In 1989, he was awarded the Trinity Cross, Trinidad and Tobago's highest national honour. He received a knighthood in Britain in 1990, and in 2001, the Nobel Prize in Literature.\nIn the late 19th century, Naipaul's grandparents had emigrated from India to work in Trinidad's plantations as indentured servants. His breakthrough novel A House for Mr Biswas was published in 1961. On the fiftieth anniversary of its publication, he dedicated it to Patricia Anne Hale, to whom he was married from 1955 until her death in 1996, and who had served as first reader, editor, and critic of his writings.", "Q64643": "Fideris (Romansh: Fadrein) is a Swiss village in the Pr\u00e4ttigau and a municipality in the political district Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q1741329": "Kill Rock Stars is an independent record label founded in 1991 by Slim Moon and Tinuviel Sampson, and based in both Olympia, Washington, and Portland, Oregon. The label has released a variety of work in different genres, but was originally known for its commitment to underground punk rock bands and the Olympia area music scene.", "Q670497": "Theodor Hertzka, or Hertzka Tivadar (July 13, 1845, Budapest \u2013 October 22, 1924, Wiesbaden) was a Jewish-Hungarian-Austrian economist and journalist.", "Q1894125": "Sixto Diaz Rodriguez, known professionally as Rodriguez (born July 10, 1942), is an American singer-songwriter from Detroit, Michigan. His music career initially proved disappointing in the United States, but unknown to Rodriguez his albums became extremely successful and influential in South Africa, where he is believed to have sold more records than Elvis Presley. His work also found a following in some other countries in Africa, and also in Australia and New Zealand. Because information about him was scarce, it was incorrectly rumored there that he had committed suicide shortly after releasing his second album.In the 1990s, determined South African fans managed to find and contact Rodriguez, which led to an unexpected revival of his musical career. This was told in the 2012 Academy Award\u2013winning documentary film Searching for Sugar Man and helped give Rodriguez a measure of fame in his home country. In May 2013, Rodriguez received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from his alma mater, Wayne State University, in Detroit.\nRodriguez has been living in Detroit's historic Woodbridge neighborhood, through which he is seen walking in Searching for Sugar Man. He is known to live a simple life, possessing no telephone or cell phone of his own, and occasionally visiting bars in the Cass Corridor section of Detroit near Woodbridge and Midtown Detroit, such as the Old Miami pub, where he has performed live concerts for small local crowds.", "Q1842": "Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: L\u00ebtzebuerg, French: Luxembourg, German: Luxemburg), also known as Luxembourg City (Luxembourgish: Stad L\u00ebtzebuerg or d'Stad, French: Ville de Luxembourg, German: Stadt Luxemburg, Luxemburg-Stadt), is the capital city of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the country's most populous commune. Standing at the confluence of the Alzette and P\u00e9trusse rivers in southern Luxembourg, the city lies at the heart of Western Europe, situated 213 km (132 mi) by road from Brussels, 372 km (231 mi) from Paris, and 209 km (130 mi) from Cologne. The city contains Luxembourg Castle, established by the Franks in the Early Middle Ages, around which a settlement developed.\nAs of 31 December 2019, Luxembourg City has a population of 122,273 inhabitants, which is more than three times the population of the country's second most populous commune (Esch-sur-Alzette). The city's population consists of 160 nationalities. Foreigners represent 70% of the city's population, while Luxembourgers represent 30% of the population, and the number of foreign-born residents in the city rises steadily each year.In 2011, Luxembourg was ranked as having the second-highest per capita GDP in the world at $80,119 (PPP), with the city having developed into a banking and administrative centre. In the 2011 Mercer worldwide survey of 221 cities, Luxembourg was placed first for personal safety, while it was ranked 19th for quality of living.Luxembourg is one of the de facto capitals of the European Union (alongside Brussels, Frankfurt, and Strasbourg), as it is the seat of several institutions, agencies, and bodies of the European Union, including the European Court of Justice, the European Court of Auditors, the Secretariat of the European Parliament, the European Investment Bank, the European Investment Fund, and the European Stability Mechanism.", "Q202590": "The German People's Party (German: Deutsche Volkspartei, DtVP) was a German liberal party created in 1868 by the wing of the German Progress Party which during the conflict about whether the unification of Germany should be led by the Kingdom of Prussia or Austria-Hungary supported Austria. The party was most popular in Southern Germany.\nInitially, the South German democrats supported the Greater German solution of the German Question. After the establishment of the German Empire in 1871 under Prussia, the solution which excluded Austria, it advocated federalist structures and defended the South German states' rights against increasing strengthening of the central government in Berlin. Insistently, the party demanded democratic reforms, in particular strengthening of the position of the parliament, which had no say in the formation of the government and no influence on government policies as the government was appointed and dismissed by the emperor alone.\nIn contrast to the National Liberal Party, the party stood in staunch opposition against the policy of Otto von Bismarck from the establishment of the German Empire. The party put the liberal notion of liberty above the prospect of a German unification led from above. The party was highly critical of the Prusso-German monarchy and advocated the separation of church and state. Still, it rejected Bismarck's Kulturkampf against the Catholic Church as well as the Anti-Socialist Laws. The German People's Party was the most leftist among non-Marxist parties and closest to the social democracy. It was the sole liberal party to cooperate with the socialists in the Reichstag.\nMost of the party's members were craftsmen, small traders, farmers and clerks. However, the leadership consisted of upper-class intellectuals. Leopold Sonnemann (proprietor of the newspaper Frankfurter Zeitung) and the lawyer Friedrich von Payer served as Chairmen. In 1910, the party merged with the Free-minded People's Party and the Free-minded Union to form the Progressive People's Party. A notable member of both the German People's Party, the Progressive People's Party and its successor the German Democratic Party was Ludwig Quidde, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1927.\nThe most influential among the German People's Party's state organisations was the Democratic People's Party in W\u00fcrttemberg. After the German People's Party was disbanded, it continued as the regional branch of the Progressive People's Party, the German Democratic Party and is still part of the full name of the liberal Free Democratic Party in the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. In contrast to the South German People's Party of 1868\u20131910, the German People's Party in the Weimar Republic (1919\u20131933) was a monarchist successor to the imperial National Liberal Party.", "Q299968": "Predrag \"Miki\" Manojlovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0433 \"\u041c\u0438\u043a\u0438\" \u041c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0458\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b; born 5 April 1950) is a Serbian actor, famous for his starring roles in some of the most important films of former Yugoslav cinema. Since the early 1990s, he successfully branched out into movies made outside the Balkans; he is currently active in productions all over Europe.", "Q297945": "Lee Strasberg (born Israel Lee Strassberg; November 17, 1901 \u2013 February 17, 1982) was a Polish-born American actor, director, and theatre practitioner. He co-founded, with directors Harold Clurman and Cheryl Crawford, the Group Theatre in 1931, which was hailed as \"America's first true theatrical collective\". In 1951 he became director of the nonprofit Actors Studio in New York City, considered \"the nation's most prestigious acting school,\" and in 1966 he was involved in the creation of Actors Studio West in Los Angeles.\nAlthough other highly regarded teachers also developed \"the Method\", Strasberg is often considered the \"father of method acting in America\", according to author Mel Gussow, and from the 1920s until his death in 1982 \"he revolutionized the art of acting by having a profound influence on performance in American theater and film.\" From his base in New York, he trained several generations of theatre and film notables, including Anne Bancroft, Dustin Hoffman, Montgomery Clift, James Dean, Marilyn Monroe, Jane Fonda, Julie Harris, Paul Newman, Ellen Burstyn, Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, Geraldine Page, Eli Wallach, and directors Frank Perry and Elia Kazan.By 1970, Strasberg had become less involved with the Actors Studio and, with his third wife, Anna, opened the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute with branches in New York City and in Hollywood, to continue teaching the 'system' of Konstantin Stanislavski, which he had interpreted and developed, particularly in light of the ideas of Yevgeny Vakhtangov, for contemporary actors. The institute's primary stated goal was \"to reach a larger audience of eager and emerging talent\" than was served by the Actors Studio's notoriously selective admission process, and as teachers of the method began to deploy their own personal interpretations of the discipline, \"to dispel growing confusion and misrepresentation of the method, preserving what had by now become fundamental discoveries in actor training.\" The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute has its own rigorous sets of entrance criteria required for admission into their program.Former student Elia Kazan directed James Dean in East of Eden (1955), for which Kazan and Dean were nominated for Academy Awards. As a student, Dean wrote that Actors Studio was \"the greatest school of the theater [and] the best thing that can happen to an actor.\" Playwright Tennessee Williams, writer of A Streetcar Named Desire, said of Strasberg's actors, \"They act from the inside out. They communicate emotions they really feel. They give you a sense of life.\" Directors such as Sidney Lumet, a former student, have intentionally used actors skilled in Strasberg's \"method\".Kazan, in his autobiography, wrote, \"He carried with him the aura of a prophet, a magician, a witch doctor, a psychoanalyst, and a feared father of a Jewish home ... [He] was the force that held the thirty-odd members of the theatre together, and made them 'permanent'.\" Today, Ellen Burstyn, Al Pacino, and Harvey Keitel lead this nonprofit studio dedicated to the development of actors, playwrights, and directors.\nAs an actor, Strasberg is probably best known for his supporting role as gangster Hyman Roth alongside his former student Pacino in The Godfather Part II (1974), a role he took at Pacino's suggestion after Kazan turned down the role, and which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He also appeared in Going in Style (1979) and ... And Justice for All (1979).Strasberg's personal papers, including photos, are archived at the Library of Congress.", "Q2079817": "Fuyu no Semi (\u51ac\u306e\u8749) is a Japanese anime OVA loosely based on Youka Nitta's manga series Embracing Love (\u6625\u3092\u62b1\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f, Haru wo Daiteita).The U.S. broadcast rights to the OVA have been licensed to Logo, MTV Networks' LGBT cable channel, and premiered on October 31, 2008.", "Q286690": "Adrian Paul Hewett (born 29 May 1959) is an Italian-English-American actor known for his titular role as Duncan MacLeod on the television series Highlander: The Series. In 1997, he founded the Peace Fund charitable organisation.", "Q106028": "Alexander Jolig (born January 17, 1963), better known by his stage name Alex, is a German actor, singer and motorcycle racer.\nOnce a housemate in Big Brother Germany reality show on RTL II, he became famous in Europe and also internationally with his hit songs Ich will nur dich and Willst du...?. The former reached #3 and stood there for 10 weeks in Germany, #5 for 9 weeks in Austria, and #15 for 7 weeks in Switzerland, but the latter was less successful and reached #46 for 3 weeks in German charts.\nCurrently working at 9.91 radio with a book on the way \"A Life In The Big Brother House\". The release date is yet to be announced.\nHe has a son with his ex-girlfriend.\nHe has a spouse.\nOwned two local Hip Restaurants in Bonn which he handed over to his younger brother.\nHe took part in March 2008 HyperMania in Dubai, UAE.\n\n", "Q1236424": "Salvius Tryphon was an aulos player who was proclaimed king by the rebelling slaves of ancient Sicily during the Second Servile War against Rome.", "Q34074": "Jovian (Latin: Flavius Jovianus Augustus; Greek: \u1f38\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2; 331 \u2013 17 February 364) was Roman Emperor from June 363 to February 364. As part of the imperial bodyguard, he accompanied Emperor Julian on his campaign against the Sasanian Empire and following the latter's death, Jovian was hastily declared Emperor by his soldiers. With the army exhausted, provisions running low, and unable to cross the Tigris, he sought peace with the Sasanids on humiliating terms. After his arrival at Edessa, Jovian was petitioned by bishops over doctrinal issues concerning Christianity and by September 363, he had reestablished Christianity as the state religion. His return to Constantinople would be cut short by his death at Dadastana. Jovian reigned only eight months.", "Q3102626": "Georges Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Doriot (September 24, 1899 \u2013 June 1987) was a French-born American venture capitalist. An \u00e9migr\u00e9 from France, Doriot became director of the U.S. Army's Military Planning Division, Quartermaster General, during World War II, eventually being promoted to brigadier general. In 1946, he founded American Research and Development Corporation, the world's first publicly owned venture capital firm, earning him the sobriquet \"father of venture capitalism\". In 1957, he founded INSEAD, the world's top global graduate business school with campuses in Fontainebleau (France), Singapore and Abu Dhabi.", "Q1800036": "Baard Madsen Haugland (12 January 1835 \u2013 7 May 1896) was a Norwegian merchant and politician with the Liberal Party.", "Q1710614": "Juan Pablo Villalobos (born 1973) is a Mexican author. \nHis debut novel, Down the Rabbit Hole, was published by And Other Stories in 2011 and was shortlisted for the Guardian First Book Award 2011. He is also the author of Quesadillas (2011) and I\u2019ll Sell You a Dog (2016).\nHis fourth novel, I Don\u2019t Expect Anyone to Believe Me, won the Herralde Prize and will be published in English in 2019 by And Other Stories.\nHe has lived in Mexico and Brazil, and currently resides in Spain with his wife and two children.", "Q3067914": "Federico Eulogio Malo Andrade (5 July 1859 \u2013 14 February 1932) was an Ecuadorian entrepreneur and financier born in Cuenca, Cantabria, Spain. He was the founder and president of Chamber of Commerce of Cuenca. He participated in the founding of the first bank of Cuenca, Banco del Azuay.", "Q1153562": "Erik Keith Brann (born Rick Davis; August 11, 1950 \u2013 July 25, 2003), also known as Erik Braunn, was an American guitarist with the 1960s acid rock band Iron Butterfly. He is featured on the band's greatest hit, the 17-minute In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida (1968), recorded when he was 17.\nA Boston, Massachusetts native and a violinist, Brann was accepted as a child into the prodigy program at the Boston Symphony Orchestra, but was soon lured away to become a rock guitarist, joining first Paper Fortress, then Iron Butterfly at 17. He played with Ron Bushy, Lee Dorman and Doug Ingle from late 1967 to December 1969. The first album from this lineup, In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida, sold over 30 million copies, was awarded the first platinum award and stayed on the Billboard magazine charts for nearly three years. With arrangement assistance from Dorman, Brann wrote the song \"Termination\", which was featured on the album. He also provided the lead vocal for the track.\nThe album's mini-bio, written when he was 17, tells of an acting ambition he once had, clothing and food preference and the ease with which rock 'n roll artists were able to arrange sexual encounters (usually with groupies). It reads: \"Although music has always been his one great love, Erik studied drama and before joining the Butterfly, his acting ability had landed him the lead role in a local play. ...Erik hopes to, one day, continue in the acting field. Right now, however, his only concern is the Iron Butterfly, turtleneck sweaters, bananas and the fairer sex.\"\nIn 1970, Brann and former Iron Butterfly member Darryl DeLoach formed Flintwhistle. This band performed live for about a year before breaking up. Between 1972 and 1973, Brann worked solely in the studio on various demos. In 1973, he recorded a couple of demos with MCA Records which can be found on bootleg sites. Notable songs from these demos include early versions of \"Hard Miseree\", \"Am I Down\" and \"Scorching Beauty\".\nIn 1974, he was contacted by a promoter about reforming Iron Butterfly, so he reunited with Ron Bushy to form a new version of the group, signing with MCA. The 1975 LP Scorching Beauty featured Brann on guitars and vocals, Bushy on drums, Philip Taylor Kramer (Bushy's friend) on bass and Erik's friend Howard Reitzes (who worked in a music store frequented by Brann) on keyboards. The band also released Sun and Steel in late 1975 with Bill DeMartines replacing Reitzes on keyboards. Neither album sold well, and the band disbanded shortly afterward (around summer 1977).\nBetween 1979 and 1990, Brann occasionally reunited with Iron Butterfly for concerts. He died in 2003 of a cardiac arrest related to a birth defect that he had struggled with for years.", "Q542489": "Omarosa Onee Manigault Newman (; born February 5, 1974), often mononymously known as Omarosa, is an American reality television show participant, writer, and former political aide to President Donald Trump. She became widely known as a contestant on the first season of NBC's reality television series The Apprentice.\nAfter becoming assistant to the president and director of communications for the Office of Public Liaison during the Trump administration in January 2017, Newman resigned the White House on December 13, 2017. Subsequently, she competed on the first season of Celebrity Big Brother, making it to the final five of the season.\nIn August 2018, Newman published Unhinged, detailing her tenure at the White House and criticizing Trump and his administration. Two days before the book was released, she released the first of as many as 200 secret tapes she recorded during her White House tenure. As of 18 April 2020, she has released four tapes. The first tape she released, which was secretly recorded inside the Situation Room, was described as \"one of the worst White House security breaches ever,\" though the tape is thought not to violate the Espionage Act.", "Q151164": "Georges Andr\u00e9 Malraux ( mal-ROH, French: [\u0251\u0303d\u0281e mal\u0281o]; 3 November 1901 \u2013 23 November 1976) was a French novelist, art theorist, and Minister of Cultural Affairs. Malraux's novel La Condition Humaine (Man's Fate) (1933) won the Prix Goncourt. He was appointed by President Charles de Gaulle as Minister of Information (1945\u201346) and subsequently as France's first Minister of Cultural Affairs during de Gaulle's presidency (1959\u20131969).", "Q245817": "The Heroic Trio (Dung fong saam hap, TC: \u6771\u65b9\u4e09\u4fe0, pinyin: d\u014dng f\u0101ng s\u0101n xi\u00e1) is a 1993 Hong Kong action film directed by Johnnie To, starring Michelle Yeoh, Maggie Cheung, and Anita Mui as the titular trio. Other cast include Damian Lau, Anthony Wong Chau-Sang, Paul Chun, James Pak and Yan Yee Kwan. The main characters of the film are reunited in a sequel, another 1993 film, Executioners.", "Q420218": "Akmal Shaikh (5 April 1956 \u2013 29 December 2009) was a Pakistani-British businessman who was convicted and executed in China for illegally trafficking approximately 4 kg of heroin. The trial and execution attracted significant media attention in the UK.\nShaikh was born in Pakistan and moved to the United Kingdom as a child. After a couple of failed businesses, Shaikh moved to Poland with his second wife in 2005 with the dream of starting an airline, and later of becoming a pop star. He travelled from Poland to China and was arrested by Chinese customs officers at \u00dcr\u00fcmqi Diwopu International Airport on 12 September 2007 with 4 kilograms (8.818 lb) of heroin hidden in a compartment in his baggage. Shaikh's defence team pleaded ignorance of the existence of the drugs, although his lawyers said that the evidence against Shaikh was \"overwhelming\". Reprieve, an anti-death penalty organisation, argued that Shaikh suffered from mental illness which was exploited by criminals who tricked him into transporting the heroin on the promise of a recording contract.Shaikh, who had never been assessed by mental health experts, denied he was mentally ill. He had requested a psychiatric evaluation to prove he was sane, but the requests were refused by Chinese authorities on the grounds that PRC laws required defendants to first provide past medical records showing evidence of a mental disorder before such evaluations could be undertaken. Appeals for clemency were made by his family and by British government officials. After two appeals, the Supreme Court confirmed the death sentence he was given at his first trial in October 2008, and Shaikh was executed by lethal injection in \u00dcr\u00fcmqi on 29 December 2009. It was reported that Shaikh was the first person with citizenship of a European country to be executed in China since Antonio Riva in 1951. Lau Fat-wai, a Portuguese citizen, also faced drug trafficking charges back in 2006, before Akmal Shaikh, but Mr. Lau's death sentence was only carried out early in 2013.Britain made 27 official representations to the Chinese government; the Chinese ambassador to London was summoned twice to meet British Foreign Office ministers, once after the execution. Senior British politicians strongly condemned the execution, and were disappointed that clemency was not granted, while human rights groups and some Western legal experts in Chinese law criticised the lack of due process; United Nations Special Rapporteur Philip Alston said the refusal to assess Shaikh's mental health was a violation of international law. The Chinese embassy in Britain said Shaikh had no \"previous medical record\" of mental illness and that his \"rights and interests were properly respected and guaranteed\". It said the Chinese stance underlined the \"strong resentment\" felt by its public to drug traffickers, in part based on \"the bitter memory of history\" \u2013 a reference to the First and Second Opium Wars. A professor of criminal law at the East China University of Political Science and Law said the administration of the death penalty related to a country's history, culture and other conditions: \"It's human nature to plead for a criminal who is from the same country or the same family, but judicial independence should be fully respected and everyone should be equal before the law.\"", "Q693718": "Joel Steven Siegel (July 7, 1943 \u2013 June 29, 2007) was an American film critic for the ABC morning news show Good Morning America for over 25 years.\nThe winner of multiple Emmy Awards, Siegel also worked as a radio disc jockey and an advertising copywriter.Siegel died of complications from colon cancer on June 29, 2007, in New York.", "Q3612108": "Georg Mathias \"Matti\" Schreck (19 December 1897 \u2013 19 October 1946) was a Finnish banker and film producer. He produced a total of 50 films between 1935\u20131945.", "Q1922297": "Mesa Airlines, Inc. is an American regional airline based in Phoenix, Arizona. It is an FAA Part 121-certificated air carrier operating under air carrier certificate number MASA036A issued on June 29, 1979. It is a subsidiary of Mesa Air Group and operates flights as American Eagle and United Express via respective code sharing agreements with American Airlines and United Airlines. It serves more than 180 markets in the Western Hemisphere. In a 1997 article from the Journal of Air Transportation, Mesa's safety record was noted as having the fewest incidents among domestic regional airlines at that time.\nMesa filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in January 2010, hoping to shed financial obligations for leases on airplanes it no longer needed, and emerged from bankruptcy in March 2011. Since 2013, Mesa has added more aircraft to its fleet than any other regional airline. In November 2017, Mesa opened a new training center in Phoenix. The 23,000-square-foot facility features a full-size CRJ-200 cabin trainer aircraft, 14 classrooms, and has the capacity to train 300 crew members at one time.", "Q202584": "Dean Edwards Smith (February 28, 1931 \u2013 February 7, 2015) was an American men's college basketball head coach. Called a \"coaching legend\" by the Basketball Hall of Fame, he coached for 36 years at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Smith coached from 1961 to 1997 and retired with 879 victories, which was the NCAA Division I men's basketball record at that time. Smith had the ninth-highest winning percentage of any men's college basketball coach (77.6%). During his tenure as head coach, North Carolina won two national championships and appeared in 11 Final Fours. Smith played college basketball at the University of Kansas, where he won a national championship in 1952 playing for Hall of fame coach Phog Allen.\nSmith was best known for running a clean program and having a high graduation rate, with 96.6% of his athletes receiving their degrees. While at North Carolina, Smith helped promote desegregation by recruiting the university's first African-American scholarship basketball player, Charlie Scott, and pushing for equal treatment for African Americans by local businesses. Smith coached and worked with numerous people at North Carolina who achieved notable success in basketball, as players, coaches, or both. Smith retired in 1997, saying that he was not able to give the team the same level of enthusiasm that he had given it for years. After retiring, Smith used his influence to help various charitable ventures and liberal political activities, but in his latter years he suffered from advanced dementia and ceased most public activities.", "Q428644": "Lajos \u0150ze (27 April 1935 \u2013 21 October 1984) was a Hungarian actor. He appeared in over 80 films between 1955 and 1984. He starred in the 1976 film The Fifth Seal, which was entered into the 27th Berlin International Film Festival.", "Q329073": "Chris Landreth (born August 4, 1961) is an American animator working in Canada, best known for his work on the 2004 film Ryan. He has made many CGI animated films since the mid-1990s, including The End, Bingo, The Listener, Caustic Sky: A Portrait of Regional Acid Deposition, and Data Driven The Story Of Franz K.", "Q610377": "Hey Monday is an American rock band from West Palm Beach, Florida, formed in 2008. The band is on a hiatus as of December 2011. They released their debut album Hold On Tight in 2008, which produced the singles \"Homecoming\" and \"How You Love Me Now.\" The album was followed up with their 2010 EP Beneath It All, which achieved moderate commercial success, and Candles EP in 2011. Their final release, The Christmas EP, was released on December 6, 2011. Hey Monday is on hiatus and claims to not be \"broken up\". The lead singer Cassadee Pope is now a solo artist.", "Q34060": "Yitzhak Rabin (; Hebrew: \u05d9\u05b4\u05e6\u05b0\u05d7\u05b8\u05e7 \u05e8\u05b7\u05d1\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05df, IPA: [jits\u02c8\u03c7ak \u0281a\u02c8bin] (listen); 1 March 1922 \u2013 4 November 1995) was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974\u201377, and 1992 until his assassination in 1995.\nRabin was born in Jerusalem to Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe and was raised in a Labor Zionist household. He learned agriculture in school and excelled as a student. He led a 27-year career as a soldier. As a teenager he joined the Palmach, the commando force of the Yishuv. He eventually rose through its ranks to become its chief of operations during Israel's War of Independence. He joined the newly formed Israel Defense Forces in late 1948 and continued to rise as a promising officer. He helped shape the training doctrine of the IDF in the early 1950s, and led the IDF's Operations Directorate from 1959 to 1963. He was appointed Chief of the General Staff in 1964 and oversaw Israel's victory in the 1967 Six-Day War.\nRabin served as Israel's ambassador to the United States from 1968 to 1973, during a period of deepening U.S.\u2013Israel ties. He was appointed Prime Minister of Israel in 1974, after the resignation of Golda Meir. In his first term, Rabin signed the Sinai Interim Agreement and ordered the Entebbe raid. He resigned in 1977 in the wake of a financial scandal. Rabin was Israel's minister of defense for much of the 1980s, including during the outbreak of the First Intifada.\nIn 1992, Rabin was re-elected as prime minister on a platform embracing the Israeli\u2013Palestinian peace process. He signed several historic agreements with the Palestinian leadership as part of the Oslo Accords. In 1994, Rabin won the Nobel Peace Prize together with long-time political rival Shimon Peres and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat. Rabin also signed a peace treaty with Jordan in 1994. In November 1995, he was assassinated by an extremist named Yigal Amir, who opposed the terms of the Oslo Accords. Amir was arrested and convicted of Rabin's murder; he was sentenced to life imprisonment. Rabin was the first native-born prime minister of Israel, the only prime minister to be assassinated and the second to die in office after Levi Eshkol. Rabin has become a symbol of the Israeli\u2013Palestinian peace process.", "Q179830": "Jelgava (pronounced [j\u00e6l\u0261ava] (listen); German: Mitau; see also other names) is a city in central Latvia about 41 kilometres (25 miles) southwest of Riga with 55,972 inhabitants (2019). It is the largest town in the region of Zemgale (Semigalia). Jelgava was the capital of the united Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1578\u20131795) and the administrative center of the Courland Governorate (1795\u20131918).\nJelgava is situated on a fertile plain rising only 3.5 metres (11.5 feet) above mean sea level on the right bank of the river Lielupe. At high water the plain and sometimes the town as well can be flooded. It is a railway center and is also host to Jelgava Air Base. Its importance as a railway centre can be seen by the fact that it lies at the junction of over 6 railway lines connecting Riga to Lithuania, eastern and western Latvia, and Lithuania to the Baltic sea.", "Q65549": "Valendas is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. The municipalities of Valendas, Versam, Safien and Tenna merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Safiental.", "Q69373": "Vincenz M\u00fcller (5 November 1894, Aichach, Upper Bavaria \u2013 12 May 1961) was a military officer and general who served in the German army, the Army of Nazi Germany, and after the war in the National People's Army of the (East) German Democratic Republic, where he was also a politician. He was brother of Gestapo chief Heinrich Muller.", "Q153773": "Heo Young-saeng (Korean: \ud5c8\uc601\uc0dd; Hanja: \u8a31\u6c38\u751f; born: November 3, 1986) is a South Korean entertainer and the main vocalist of boyband SS501. He's also the leader of 'Double S 301'.\nIn 2010, Heo left DSP Media, who managed him as part of SS501, and moved to B2M Entertainment, with bandmate Kim Kyu-Jong, to pursue his solo career. His debut album as a soloist entitled Let It Go was released in May 2011. He then released several albums more in Korea and Japan, with the hit tracks \"Crying\", \"The Art of Seduction\", \"Weak Child\", and \"1.2.3\", among others. In 2012, Heo played his first acting role in KBS2's sitcom I Need A Fairy.Heo has performed in musicals as well: he debuted in The Three Musketeers, playing the role of D'Artagnan during 2011, and appeared in 2013, the Summer Snow musical.\nOn October 31, 2013, Heo started his mandatory, 21-month military service as a police officer. He completed his military service on July 30, 2015. He also joined CI Entertainment.In December 2015, Heo returned to theater to play the role of Han Minho in the musical \"Haru\". It's together with Hyung Jun. Also, it served as the musical comeback of Heo after 21-month of hiatus due to military service.In January 2016, Heo reunited with Kyu Jong and Hyung Jun and grouped as \"Double S 301\". CI Entertainment released a photo teaser for their comeback. The group released an album entitled Eternal 5 on February 16, 2016, followed by a Japanese album entitled Eternal S on April 20, 2016.", "Q276205": "Sheila Maureen Copps, (born November 27, 1952) is a former Canadian politician who also served as deputy prime minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to April 30, 1996, and June 19, 1996, to June 11, 1997. Her father, Victor Copps was once mayor of Hamilton, Ontario.\nConsidered a prominent left-wing member of the Liberal Party of Canada, Copps was an advocate for legal rights of women, marijuana legalization, minority rights, and protection of the environment. Her combative style and reputation for flamboyance were trademarks of her political career.", "Q1377478": "Feodor Chaliapin Jr. (Russian: \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0301\u043f\u0438\u043d; October 6, 1905 \u2013 September 17, 1992) was a Russian-born actor who appeared in many American and Italian films.", "Q324557": "Resident Evil: Afterlife is a 2010 action horror film written and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson. The film marks Anderson's return to direct in the Resident Evil film series, after the first film. A direct sequel to Resident Evil: Extinction (2007), it is the fourth installment in the Resident Evil film series, which is loosely based on the video game series of the same name, and the first to be shot in 3D. It stars Milla Jovovich, Ali Larter, Kim Coates, Shawn Roberts, Spencer Locke, Boris Kodjoe, and Wentworth Miller.\nThe film follows Alice searching for and rescuing the remaining survivors in Los Angeles after the T-virus outbreak, and teaming up against Albert Wesker, the head of the Umbrella Corporation. Chris Redfield, a primary character from the video games, was featured for the first time in the film franchise. Other characters from the games and films who returned are: Claire Redfield, Chris's sister who has lost her memory prior to the film's events; Albert Wesker, the film's main antagonist; and Jill Valentine, who made a cameo appearance.\nIn May 2005, producers mentioned the possibility of following Extinction with a sequel titled Afterlife. Extinction was released in 2007 and was a box office success, prompting Afterlife to begin development in June 2008, with the script being written by Anderson that December. Elements from the video game Resident Evil 5 (2009) were incorporated into the film including the mind control devices and Chris' confrontation with Wesker. Filming took place in Toronto from September to December 2009 using the 3D Fusion Camera System.\nThe film was released in 2D, 3D and IMAX 3D theaters on September 10, 2010, to generally negative reviews. The film grossed $60 million in the United States and Canada on an estimated $60 million budget, and made $240 million in other markets surpassing the previous film's overseas total in the second week of release. Grossing a worldwide total of $300 million, Resident Evil: Afterlife became the second highest-grossing entry of the series. Resident Evil: Afterlife was released to DVD, Blu-ray, and Blu-ray 3D on December 28, 2010, in the United States. A fifth film, Resident Evil: Retribution, was released in 2012.", "Q332335": "Ferruccio Tagliavini (pronounced [fer\u02c8rutt\u0283o ta\u028e\u028ea\u02c8vi\u02d0ni]; 14 August 1913 \u2013 28 January 1995) was an Italian operatic tenor mainly active in the 1940s and 1950s. Tagliavini was hailed as the heir apparent to Tito Schipa and Beniamino Gigli in the lyric-opera repertory due to the exceptional beauty of his voice, but he did not sustain his great early promise across the full span of his career.", "Q487919": "The Sweet (also known as Sweet) are a British bubblegum and glam rock band that rose to worldwide fame in the 1970s. Their best known line-up consisted of lead vocalist Brian Connolly, bass player Steve Priest, guitarist Andy Scott, and drummer Mick Tucker. The group was originally called Sweetshop.\nThe band was formed in London in 1968 and achieved their first hit, \"Funny Funny\", in 1971 after teaming up with songwriters Nicky Chinn and Mike Chapman and record producer Phil Wainman. During 1971 and 1972, their musical style followed a marked progression from the Archies-like bubblegum style of \"Funny Funny\" to a Who-influenced hard rock style supplemented by a striking use of high-pitched backing vocals.\nThe band first achieved success in the UK charts, with thirteen Top 20 hits during the 1970s alone, with \"Block Buster!\" (1973) topping the chart, followed by three consecutive number two hits in \"Hell Raiser\" (1973), \"The Ballroom Blitz\" (1973) and \"Teenage Rampage\" (1974). The band turned to a more hard rock style with their mid-career singles, like 1974's \"Turn It Down\". \"Fox on the Run\" (1975) also reached number two on the UK charts. These results were topped in West Germany and other countries on the European mainland. They also achieved success and popularity in the US with the top ten hits \"Little Willy\", \"The Ballroom Blitz\", \"Fox on the Run\" and \"Love is Like Oxygen\".\nSweet had their last international success in 1978 with \"Love Is Like Oxygen\". Connolly left the group in 1979 to start a solo career and the remaining members continued as a trio until disbanding in 1981. From the mid-1980s, Scott, Connolly and Priest each played with their own versions of Sweet at different times. Connolly died in 1997 and Tucker in 2002. The two surviving members are still active in their respective versions of the band; Scott's is based in the UK and Priest's in the US.", "Q1131481": "Prince Luigi Marcantonio Francesco Rodolfo Scipione Borghese, commonly known as Scipione Borghese (11 September 1871, Migliarino \u2013 18 November 1927, Florence), was an Italian aristocrat, industrialist, politician, explorer, mountain climber and racing driver belonging to the House of Borghese.\nHe is best known for participating in (and winning) the Peking to Paris race in 1907, accompanied by the journalist Luigi Barzini Sr. and Ettore Guizardi, the prince's chauffeur, who apparently did most of the driving. Nevertheless, before 1907 he had already become known internationally as a traveller, explorer, diplomat and mountain climber. In 1900 he had finished a journey in Asia from Beirut to the Pacific Ocean. His book In Asia: Siria, Eufrate, Babilonia (In Asia: Syria, Euphrates, Babylon), published in 1903 and which proved a success, describes his journey from Beirut to Basra and the head of the Persian Gulf. Subsequently he also completed a journey across China, recounted in another book.\nTall and abstemious, he was a man of few words, cold, with calm and measured manners, and with great self-control. He was a deputy of the Partito Radicale in the Italian parliament of 1904 to 1913, fought bravely in the First World War, and began important improvement works in the \"Agro Romano\".\n\n", "Q60431": "Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg (Dorothea Sophie; 5 July 1670 \u2013 15 September 1748) was Duchess of Parma from 1695 to 1727. She was the sixth daughter of the Elector Palatine, Philip William of Neuburg, and Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt. Her sisters became Queen of Spain, Queen of Portugal and Holy Roman Empress. She was regent of the duchy of Parma from 1731 to 1735.", "Q163868": "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (French: Les Parapluies de Cherbourg) is a 1964 musical romantic drama film directed and written by Jacques Demy and starring Catherine Deneuve and Nino Castelnuovo. The music was composed by Michel Legrand. The film dialogue is all sung as recitative, including casual conversation, and is sung-through, or through-composed like some operas and stage musicals.", "Q794705": "Joseph Robinson Bodwell (June 18, 1818 \u2013 December 15, 1887) was an American politician who most notably served as the 40th governor of Maine.\n\n", "Q381841": "Carter Mark Jenkins (born September 4, 1991) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the films Aliens in the Attic (2009), Valentine's Day (2010), and Struck by Lightning (2012). On television, Jenkins was part of the main cast of Surface (2005\u201306), Viva Laughlin (2007), and Famous in Love (2017\u20132018).", "Q67438": "Thomas H\u00fcbner (born 9 April 1980), better known by his stage name Clueso (pronounced [kly\u02c8zo]), is a German singer, rapper, songwriter, and producer. Born in Erfurt, he started performing at the age of 15. His first album Text und Ton was released in 2001.\nSince then he has released 7 more albums of which the last three, Stadtrandlichter (2014), Neuanfang (2016) and Handgep\u00e4ck I (2018) reached number 1 of the German Top 100.\nHis music is notable for being a mix of hip hop, pop and electronic music, and sometimes reggae.", "Q36111": "Mate Boban (pronounced [m\u01ce\u02d0te b\u01d2ban]; 12 February 1940 \u2013 7 July 1997) was a Bosnian Croat politician and one of the founders of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, an unrecognized entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina. Boban was the 1st President of Herzeg-Bosnia from 1991 until 1994. From 1992 to 1994 he was the President of Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He died in 1997.\n\n", "Q40087": "Justin Willman Chambers (born July 11, 1970) is an American actor and former model. Born in Ohio, he went to Southeastern High School, South Charleston and later studied acting at New York's HB Studio. Chambers began modeling after being approached by a modeling scout in Paris. He went on to represent fashion brands including Calvin Klein, Armani, and Dolce & Gabbana. Chambers began his acting career with a recurring role in the soap opera Another World and made his feature film debut with a supporting role in 1999's comedy drama Liberty Heights. His breakthrough role came in 2005 when he was cast as Dr. Alex Karev in the ABC medical drama series Grey's Anatomy. Chambers gained widespread recognition as the series progressed and the character became one of the most popular from the hit series, earning multiple nominations and the 2017 Best TV Network Drama Actor at the People's Choice Awards as well as nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award.", "Q113431": "Dilshad Vadsaria (born c.\u20091985) is an American television actress. She is known for her role as Rebecca Logan on the ABC Family television program Greek and for the film 30 Minutes or Less.", "Q29031": "Sir Charles William Chadwick Oman, (12 January 1860 \u2013 23 June 1946) was a British military historian. His reconstructions of medieval battles from the fragmentary and distorted accounts left by chroniclers were pioneering. Occasionally his interpretations have been challenged, especially his widely copied thesis that British troops defeated their Napoleonic opponents by firepower alone. Paddy Griffith, among modern historians, claims that the British infantry's discipline and willingness to attack were equally important.", "Q312783": "Vivekanandan, known by his stage name Vivek, is an Indian film actor, comedian, television personality, playback singer and activist working in the Tamil film industry.\nIntroduced in films by director K. Balachander, he has won 3 times the Best Comedian \u2013 Tamil for his performances in movies such as Run (2002), Saamy (2003), Perazhagan (2004) and 5 times for Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Comedian as Unnaruge Naan Irundhal (1999), Run (2002) Parthiban Kanavu (2003), Anniyan (2005) and Sivaji (2007). He has acted in more than 220 films.\nIn 2009, Government of India awarded Vivek with the Padma Shri award for his contribution to the arts. Sathyabama University has conferred actor Vivek with an honorary doctorate for his contribution to the society through cinema. As a television personality, Vivek has hosted a number of events and has interviewed media personalities, notably A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.\n\n", "Q3813627": "Javier de Ybarra y Berg\u00e9 (2 July 1913 \u2013 22 June 1977) was a Basque industrialist, writer, and politician from Bilbao.", "Q237259": "Erin Daniels (born October 9, 1973) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Dana Fairbanks on The L Word (2004\u20132007). Her feature film work includes A Single Man and One Hour Photo.", "Q258846": "Rickie Lee Jones (born November 8, 1954) is an American vocalist, musician, songwriter, producer, actress and narrator. Over the course of a career that spans five decades, Jones has recorded in various musical styles including rock, R&B, blues, pop, soul, and jazz.\nJones is a two-time Grammy Award winner. Additionally, she was listed at number 30 on VH1's 100 Greatest Women in Rock & Roll in 1999. Her album Pirates was number 49 on NPR's list of the 150 Greatest Albums Made by Women.", "Q217189": "The Seventh Seal (Swedish: Det sjunde inseglet) is a 1957 Swedish historical fantasy film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman. Set in Sweden during the Black Death, it tells of the journey of a medieval knight (Max von Sydow) and a game of chess he plays with the personification of Death (Bengt Ekerot), who has come to take his life. Bergman developed the film from his own play Wood Painting. The title refers to a passage from the Book of Revelation, used both at the very start of the film, and again towards the end, beginning with the words \"And when the Lamb had opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven about the space of half an hour\".[Rev. 8:1] Here, the motif of silence refers to the \"silence of God\", which is a major theme of the film.The Seventh Seal is considered a classic of world cinema, as well as one of the greatest movies of all time. It established Bergman as a world-renowned director, containing scenes which have become iconic through homages, critical analysis, and parodies.", "Q153015": "The Kingdom of Saxony (German: K\u00f6nigreich Sachsen), lasting between 1806 and 1918, was an independent member of a number of historical confederacies in Napoleonic through post-Napoleonic Germany. The kingdom was formed from the Electorate of Saxony. From 1871 it was part of the German Empire. It became a free state in the era of Weimar Republic in 1918 after the end of World War I and the abdication of King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony. Its capital was the city of Dresden, and its modern successor state is the Free State of Saxony.", "Q2334763": "Yosef Kremerman (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05e7\u05e8\u05de\u05e8\u05de\u05df\u200e, 10 January 1926 \u2013 12 November 1981) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Herut, Gahal and Likud between 1964 and 1977.\n\n", "Q383930": "David John Franco (born June 12, 1985) is an American actor. He began his career with small roles in films such as Superbad (2007) and Charlie St. Cloud (2010). Following a starring role in the ninth season of the comedy series Scrubs, Franco had his film breakthrough as a supporting role in the buddy comedy film 21 Jump Street (2012).\nFranco has had starring roles in the films Fright Night (2011), Now You See Me (2013) and its sequel Now You See Me 2 (2016), Warm Bodies (2013), Neighbors (2014) and its sequel Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising (2016), Nerve (2016), The Little Hours (2017), The Disaster Artist (2017), The Lego Ninjago Movie (2017), and If Beale Street Could Talk (2018).", "Q666587": "(German: Evangelischer Friedhof Matzleinsdorf), Matzleinsdorf Evangelical Cemetery is a historic Protestant cemetery located in the Favoriten district of Vienna, the capital city of Austria.\n\n", "Q168083": "Howard David Fineman (born November 17, 1948) is an American journalist who is global editorial director of the AOL Huffington Post Media Group. Prior to his move to Huffington Post in October 2010, he was Newsweek's Chief Political Correspondent, Senior Editor and Deputy Washington Bureau Chief.\nAn award-winning writer, Fineman also is an NBC News analyst, contributing reports to the network and its cable affiliate MSNBC. He appears frequently on Hardball with Chris Matthews, The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell, and The Rachel Maddow Show. The author of scores of Newsweek cover stories, Fineman's work has also appeared in The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The New Republic. His \"Living Politics\" column was posted weekly on Newsweek.com. Fineman authored his first book in 2008, The Thirteen American Arguments: Enduring Debates That Define and Inspire Our Country.", "Q467635": "Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simple myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. As it progresses, bone pain, bleeding, frequent infections, and anemia may occur. Complications may include amyloidosis.The cause of multiple myeloma is unknown. Risk factors include obesity, radiation exposure, family history, and certain chemicals. Multiple myeloma may develop from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance that progresses to smoldering myeloma. The abnormal plasma cells produce abnormal antibodies, which can cause kidney problems and overly thick blood. The plasma cells can also form a mass in the bone marrow or soft tissue. When one tumor is present, it is called a plasmacytoma; more than one is called multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is diagnosed based on blood or urine tests finding abnormal antibodies, bone marrow biopsy finding cancerous plasma cells, and medical imaging finding bone lesions. Another common finding is high blood calcium levels.Multiple myeloma is considered treatable, but generally incurable. Remissions may be brought about with steroids, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplant. Bisphosphonates and radiation therapy are sometimes used to reduce pain from bone lesions.Globally, multiple myeloma affected 488,000 people and resulted in 101,100 deaths in 2015. In the United States, it develops in 6.5 per 100,000 people per year and 0.7% of people are affected at some point in their lives. It usually occurs around the age of 60 and is more common in men than women. It is uncommon before the age of 40. Without treatment, typical survival is seven months. With current treatments, survival is usually 4\u20135 years. The five-year survival rate is about 49%. The word myeloma is from the Greek myelo- meaning \"marrow\" and -oma meaning \"tumor\".", "Q667841": "Sir John Bertram Adams (24 May 1920 \u2013 3 March 1984) was an English accelerator physicist and administrator.\nDuring World War II, Adams worked in the Radar laboratories of the British Ministry of Aircraft Production where he learned physics and engineering on the job. After the war he moved to Harwell and the Atomic Energy Research Establishment. He had no qualifications but became expert in the design and construction of the advanced machines and instruments used in physics research, designing the Harwell Synchrocyclotron. In 1953 he joined CERN as director of the Proton Synchrotron division. After the death of Prof. C. J. Bakker, CERN Director-General, in April 1960, the Council of CERN appointed Adams to the post of acting Director-General.\n He held this post until August 1961 when he returned to the UK as director of the Culham Fusion Laboratory, and then from 1966 to 1971 he was a member of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority.\nReturning to CERN in 1971 as Director-General of Laboratory II, he led the design of the Super Proton Synchrotron. He split the duties of CERN Director General with Willibald Jentschke and then L\u00e9on Van Hove during the 1970s. With the reorganisation of CERN in 1976, he became the executive Director-General, working on obtaining funding for the LEP collider.The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science (JAI), an accelerator physics research institute comprising researchers from Royal Holloway, University of London, University of Oxford and Imperial College London is named in his honour. A main road (\"Route Adams\") in CERN's Prevessin site is also named after him.", "Q24515": "Shaolin (also known as The New Shaolin Temple) is a 2011 martial arts film produced and directed by Benny Chan, starring Andy Lau and Nicholas Tse with a special appearance by Jackie Chan.", "Q234750": "Susan Kay Quatro (born June 3, 1950) is an American rock singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and actress. She was the first female bass player to become a major rock star.In the 1970s, Quatro scored a string of hit singles that found greater success in Europe and Australia than in her homeland. She reached no. 1 in the UK and other European countries and Australia with her singles \"Can the Can\" (1973) and \"Devil Gate Drive\" (1974). Following a recurring role as bass player Leather Tuscadero on the popular American sitcom Happy Days, her duet \"Stumblin' In\" with Smokie's lead singer Chris Norman reached No. 4 in the US.\nQuatro released her eponymous debut album in 1973. Since then, she has released fifteen studio albums, ten compilation albums, and one live album. Her other solo hits include \"48 Crash\", \"Daytona Demon\", \"The Wild One\", and \"Your Mama Won't Like Me\".\nBetween 1973 and 1980, Quatro was awarded six Bravo Ottos. In 2010, she was voted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends online Hall of Fame. Quatro has sold over 50 million albums and continues to perform live, worldwide. Her most recent studio album was released in 2019 and she also continues to present new radio programmes.", "Q225885": "Dedication is a 2007 American romantic comedy film starring Billy Crudup and Mandy Moore. Written by David Bromberg, this film is actor Justin Theroux's directorial debut. The film premiered at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival. It was produced by Plum Pictures.", "Q1475020": "Furman University is a private liberal arts university in Greenville, South Carolina. Founded in 1826 and named for the clergyman Richard Furman, Furman University is the oldest private institution of higher learning in South Carolina. It became a secular university in 1992, while keeping Christo et Doctrinae (For Christ and Learning) as its motto. It enrolls approximately 2,700 undergraduate students and 200 graduate students, representing 46 states and 53 foreign countries, on its 750-acre (304 ha) campus.", "Q574885": "Joshua Bishop Kelley Sr. (born January 30, 1980) is an American singer-songwriter. Kelley has recorded for Hollywood Records, Threshold Records and DNK Records as a pop rock artist, and has had four hit singles on the Billboard Adult Top 40 chart. His songs \"Amazing\" and \"Only You\" reached the top ten on that chart.\nIn 2010, Kelley signed to MCA Nashville and began a country music career. His debut country single, \"Georgia Clay\", became a Top 20 hit on the Hot Country Songs charts.\nKelley is married to actress and model Katherine Heigl.", "Q4166461": "Osman Ahmed Osman (Arabic: \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200e) \u200e (April 6, 1917 \u2013 May 1, 1999) was an Egyptian engineer, contractor, entrepreneur, and politician. Known commonly as el-mo'alim (\"the boss\"), Osman founded the Arab Contractors (the largest Arab contracting firm between the 1960s and 1980s) and led the Egyptian effort to build the Aswan Dam. He went on to become the Egyptian Minister of Housing and Development and later a member of the Egyptian Parliament.\n\n", "Q110138": "Top Gun is a 1986 American action drama film directed by Tony Scott, and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer, in association with Paramount Pictures. The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps Jr., and was inspired by an article titled \"Top Guns\" published in California magazine three years earlier. The film stars Tom Cruise, Kelly McGillis, Val Kilmer, Anthony Edwards, and Tom Skerritt. It also marked the debut of actor Adrian Pasdar. Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete \"Maverick\" Mitchell, a young naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise. He and his Radar Intercept Officer, Nick \"Goose\" Bradshaw (Edwards) are given the chance to train at the US Navy's Fighter Weapons School at Naval Air Station Miramar in San Diego, California.\nTop Gun was released on May 16, 1986. Upon its release, the film received generally mixed reviews from film critics but many particularly praised the action sequences, the effects, the aerial stunts, and the acting performances with Cruise and McGillis receiving the most praise. Four weeks after release, the number of theaters showing it increased by 45 percent. Despite its initial mixed critical reaction, the film was a huge commercial hit grossing US$356 million against a production budget of only US$15 million. The film maintained its popularity over the years and earned an IMAX 3D re-release in 2013. Additionally, the film won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Take My Breath Away\" performed by Berlin.\nIn 2015, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". A sequel, titled Top Gun: Maverick is scheduled for release on December 23, 2020.", "Q1369108": "Roberto Sierra (born 9 October 1953) is a Puerto Rican composer of contemporary classical music.", "Q186614": "Moscow Domodedovo Airport (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0414\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e, IPA: [d\u0259m\u0250\u02c8d\u02b2\u025bd\u0259v\u0259]), formally \"Domodedovo Mikhail Lomonosov International Airport\" (IATA: DME, ICAO: UUDD) is an international airport located in Domodedovo, Moscow Oblast, Russia, 42 kilometres (26 mi) south-southeast from the centre of Moscow. Domodedovo is one of the four major Moscow airports, as well as one of the largest airports in Russia and the former USSR in terms of passenger and cargo traffic. In 2017, it served 30,700,000 passengers, an increase of 7.6% compared to 2016, making it the second busiest airport in Russia after Sheremetyevo International Airport.\nFollowing a 2019 naming contest and presidential decree, it became named after Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov.", "Q434523": "Linda Hardy (born 11 October 1973) is a French actress and model.", "Q701246": "Tarafa Baghajati (Arabic: \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u064a\u200e, born September 1, 1961) is a Syrian-born, Austrian Muslim activist and writer. He is a founding member of the Islamic group \"Initiative muslimischer \u00d6sterreicherInnen\" (IM\u00d6). He has lived in Vienna, Austria since 1986.\n\n", "Q11586": "Annie J. Easley (April 23, 1933 \u2013 June 25, 2011) was an African-American computer scientist, mathematician, and rocket scientist. She worked for the Lewis Research Center (now Glenn Research Center) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). She was a leading member of the team which developed software for the Centaur rocket stage, and was one of the first African-Americans to work as a computer scientist at NASA.", "Q861197": "VARIG (acronym for Via\u00e7\u00e3o A\u00e9rea RIo-Grandense, Rio Grandean Airways) was the first airline founded in Brazil, in 1927. From 1965 until 1990, it was Brazil's leading airline, and virtually its only international one. In 2005, Varig went into judicial restructuring, and in 2006 it was split into two companies \u2013 Flex Linhas A\u00e9reas, informally known as \"old\" Varig, heir to the original airline \u2013now defunct, and \"new\" Varig, a new company, fully integrated into Gol Airlines.", "Q95686": "The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded for a wide range of reasons and across all ranks, from a senior commander for skilled leadership of his troops in battle to a low-ranking soldier for a single act of extreme gallantry. A total of 7,321 awards were made between its first presentation on 30 September 1939 and its last bestowal on 17 June 1945. This number is based on the acceptance by the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR). Presentations were made to members of the three military branches of the Wehrmacht\u2014the Heer (army), Kriegsmarine (Navy) and Luftwaffe (air force)\u2014as well as the Waffen-SS, the Reich Labour Service and the Volkssturm (German national militia). There were also 43 recipients in the military forces of allies of the Third Reich.These recipients are listed in the 1986 edition of Walther-Peer Fellgiebel's book, Die Tr\u00e4ger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939\u20131945 \u2014 The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939\u20131945. Fellgiebel was the former chairman and head of the order commission of the AKCR. In 1996 a second edition of this book was published with an addendum delisting 11 of these original recipients. Author Veit Scherzer has cast doubt on a further 193 of these listings. The majority of the disputed recipients had received the award in 1945, when the deteriorating situation of the Third Reich during the final days of World War II left a number of nominations incomplete and pending in various stages of the approval process.Listed here are the 603 recipients whose last name is in the range \"Schu\u2013Sz\". Scherzer has challenged the validity of 14 of these listings. This is the second of two lists of all 1,060 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients whose last names start with \"S\". The remaining recipients whose last name starts with \"Sa\u2013Schr\" are listed at List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Sa\u2013Schr). The recipients are ordered alphabetically by last name. The rank listed is the recipient's rank at the time the Knight's Cross was awarded.", "Q782629": "Riccardo Gualino (25 March 1879 \u2013 6 June 1964) was an Italian trader, financier and industrialist. He was also a patron and collector of art, and a film producer. His first business empire was based on lumber from Eastern Europe and included forest concessions, lumber mills, ships and warehouses.\nThe highly leveraged structure collapsed in 1912\u201313. Gualino was also involved in manufacturing and distributing cement, and during World War I (1914\u201318) built and operated cargo ships carrying goods such as coal from the United States to Europe. After the war he was engaged in many enterprises, some in partnership with Giovanni Agnelli of Fiat. His activities included banking, manufacture of rayon, confectionery, chemicals and artificial leather. \nThe Italian economy weakened after a currency revaluation in 1926. Gualino became involved in risky speculations with the French financier Albert Oustric.\nTheir joint enterprises could not survive the world economic crisis of 1929. Gualino failed again in 1930, and lost his freedom for almost two years in 1931\u201332. \nHe made another recovery after his release and again engaged in a broad range of ventures in various European countries. His Lux Film company produced successful neo-realist films after World War II.\n\n", "Q190076": "John Robert \"Joe\" Cocker (20 May 1944 \u2013 22 December 2014) was an English singer known for his gritty voice, spasmodic body movement in performance, and distinctive versions of popular songs of varying genres.Cocker's recording of the Beatles' \"With a Little Help from My Friends\" reached number one in the UK in 1968. He performed the song live at Woodstock in 1969 and performed the same year at the Isle of Wight Festival, and at the Party at the Palace concert in 2002 for the Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. His version also became the theme song for the TV series The Wonder Years. His 1974 cover of \"You Are So Beautiful\" reached number five in the US. Cocker was the recipient of several awards, including a 1983 Grammy Award for his US number one \"Up Where We Belong\", a duet with Jennifer Warnes.\nIn 1993, Cocker was nominated for the Brit Award for Best British Male, in 2007 was awarded a bronze Sheffield Legends plaque in his hometown and in 2008 he received an OBE at Buckingham Palace for services to music. Cocker was ranked number 97 on Rolling Stone's 100 greatest singers list.", "Q279678": "Vinci is a 2004 Polish comedy heist film written, directed, and produced by Juliusz Machulski.", "Q108987": "Philipp Brammer (28 August 1969 \u2013 28 July 2014) was a German actor and voice actor from Munich.\nHe began his voice acting career with the German dub of Nils no Fushigi na Tabi, and has since gone on to other things, such as being the dubover artist of Jason Priestley and Aamir Khan. He was best known as the teacher Jan G\u00fcnzel in the ARD series Lindenstra\u00dfe.\nOn Monday 28 July 2014, he did not return from a mountain tour to the Edelwei\u00dflahnerkopf. After his wife made a missing report to the local police, a search and rescue mission were started by the mountain rescue service and the police.\nHis body was found on Friday 1 August 2014. He died as a result of a fall by accident.\nHe left behind his wife and their two daughters.", "Q3839794": "Luigi Lucchini (21 January 1919 \u2013 26 August 2013) was an Italian businessman and steel executive.\nThe son of an iron craftsman, Lucchini was born in Casto, Brescia, Italy on 21 January 1919. He studied foreign languages at the Catholic University of Milan but dropped out of university due to financial difficulties; then he worked as a teacher for a brief period and finally he took over his father's workshop in Val Sabbia. After World War II he realized his first extensions of the family business, installing a small mill for the production of rebar. Between the 1970s and the 1980s, the company had its true season of expansion, with the acquisition of several production facilities in and outside Italy.In 1975 he was appointed Cavaliere del Lavoro, and in later years he entered the Board of Directors of the Banca Commerciale Italiana (of which he became chairman), Montedison (chairman), Compart (chairman), Assicurazioni Generali (of which he became a member of the Executive Committee), Olivetti, Mediobanca and Gemina.From 1978 to 1983 Lucchini was president of the Industrial Association of Brescia and a member of the board of Confindustria, of which he became the president in 1984. From 1980 to 1982 Lucchini was also part of the EEC Consultative Committee in representation of the European private steel producers. After the sale of the majority stake of the company to Severstal in 2005, Lucchini remained honorary president of the group until 2010, when he announced his retirement.", "Q119652": "Terry \"Tuff\" Ryan (July 14, 1946 \u2013 May 16, 2007) was an American writer, originally from Defiance, Ohio, who resided in San Francisco for most of her adult life. She was best known for her memoir The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio, published in 2001, and released as a film, with the same title, in 2005.\nShe was born to Leo (nicknamed Kelly) and Evelyn Ryan, and was the sixth of ten children. The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio was a memoir of her life and that of her family, especially her mother, a 1950s housewife with 10 children who provided for the family by winning contests. The book was optioned by DreamWorks SKG and released as a theatrical film in November 2005. It starred Julianne Moore as Evelyn Ryan and Woody Harrelson as Kelly Ryan. Jane Anderson was director and screenwriter. Terry Ryan was a consultant on the film.\nWith artist Sylvia Mollick, Ryan was also the co-creator of the long-running cartoon T. O. Sylvester in the San Francisco Chronicle. She was married to her long-time partner, Pat Holt, by San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom on St Valentine's Day 2004. Her account of her wedding, titled We Do!, was published by Chronicle Books.She graduated from Bowling Green State University.\nIn 2004, after the movie The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio was filmed, Terry discovered that she had Stage IV lung cancer that had metastasized to her brain. On May 16, 2007, Terry died of cancer at her San Francisco, California home.", "Q233017": "Gina Joy Carano (born April 16, 1982) is an American actress, television personality, fitness model and a former mixed martial artist.\nCarano began training in Muay Thai before transitioning to competitive MMA, where she competed in Strikeforce and EliteXC. She was featured in ESPN The Magazine as well as Maxim. Her popularity led to her being called the \"face of women's MMA\" (although Carano herself rejected the title) and was ranked 5th on a list of the \"Top 10 Influential Women\" of 2008. In August 2009, Carano fought Cris Cyborg in Strikeforce: Carano vs. Cyborg, the first time two women headlined a major MMA event; Cyborg won. Carano compiled a competitive record of 12\u20131\u20131 in Muay Thai and a 7\u20131 in women's MMA.Outside the ring, Carano performed as Crush in the revamped 2008 reality series American Gladiators. Carano has pursued a career in acting since she retired from competition. She made her film debut in the 2009 direct-to-DVD martial arts film Blood and Bone with Michael Jai White. She has subsequently appeared in Steven Soderbergh's 2011 action film Haywire, Fast & Furious 6 (2013), Deadpool (2016) and is now starring as Cara Dune in the Disney+ Star Wars series The Mandalorian.", "Q234778": "Maggie Cheung Man-yuk (simplified Chinese: \u5f20\u66fc\u7389; traditional Chinese: \u5f35\u66fc\u7389; pinyin: Zh\u0101ng M\u00e0ny\u00f9; Jyutping: Zoeng1 Maan6 Juk2; born 20 September 1964) is an Hong Kong-born actress. Raised in Hong Kong and England, she started her career after placing second in 1983's Miss Hong Kong Pageant. She achieved critical success in the late 80s and into the early 2000s, before taking a break from acting since her last starring role in 2004. In recent years, she rarely makes public appearances except for fashion events and award ceremonies.\nCheung has won numerous accolades at home and abroad for her acting. She has won the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actress 5 times in the span of 11 years from 1990 to 2001, and holds the record for most wins in that category. She also holds the record for most wins for the Golden Horse Award for Best Leading Actress in Taiwan, having won 4 times. In the West, she has been awarded the Silver Bear for Best Actress at Berlin International Film Festival in 1992 and Best Actress at Cannes Film Festival in 2004. In 2004, she became the first Asian actress to be nominated for the French C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress.\nHer most acclaimed performances include As Tears Go By, Center Stage, Comrades: Almost a Love Story, The Soong Sisters, In the Mood for Love, and Clean. Her cheongsam-wearing character in 2000's In The Mood for Love, opposite male lead Tony Leung and under the direction of Wong Kar-wai, is a classic in both the film and fashion worlds.", "Q2390943": "Stanis\u0142aw Kierbed\u017a (Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0437, Lithuanian: Stanislovas Kerbedis 1810-1899) was a Polish railway engineer. He designed and supervised the construction of dozens of bridges, railway lines, ports and other objects in Central and Eastern Europe. He served in the Imperial Russian Army with the rank of Lieutenant General. \n\n", "Q331172": "Abrar Alvi (1 July 1927 \u2013 18 November 2009) was an Indian film writer, director and actor. Most of his notable work was done in the 1950s and 1960s with Guru Dutt. He wrote some of the most respected works of Indian cinema; Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam, Kaagaz Ke Phool and Pyaasa, which have an avid following the world over. Pyaasa is included in the All-Time 100 Movies by Time, as chosen by Time movie critics Richard Corliss and Richard Schickel.", "Q949169": "Oscar Kjellberg (21 September 1870 \u2013 5 July 1931) was a Swedish inventor and industrialist. Founder of Elektriska Svetsnings-Aktiebolaget (ESAB), in 1904, and Kjellberg Finsterwalde, in 1922. He invented the coated electrode used in manual metal arc welding (Swedish Patent: 27152, June 29, 1907), by dipping a bare iron wire in a thick mixture of carbonates and silicates. The purpose of the coating is to protect the molten metal from oxygen and nitrogen present in the atmosphere. His pioneering of covered electrode development paved the road during the next twenty years in the research of reliable flux coated electrodes.", "Q8682": "Real Madrid Club de F\u00fatbol (Spanish pronunciation: [re\u02c8al ma\u02c8\u00f0\u027ei\u00f0 \u02c8klu\u03b2 \u00f0e \u02c8fu\u00f0\u03b2ol] (listen), meaning Royal Madrid Football Club), commonly referred to as Real Madrid, is a Spanish professional football club based in Madrid.\nFounded on 6 March 1902 as Madrid Football Club, the club has traditionally worn a white home kit since inception. The word real is Spanish for \"royal\" and was bestowed to the club by King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the royal crown in the emblem. The team has played its home matches in the 81,044-capacity Santiago Bernab\u00e9u Stadium in downtown Madrid since 1947. Unlike most European sporting entities, Real Madrid's members (socios) have owned and operated the club throughout its history.\nThe club was estimated to be worth \u20ac3.8 billion ($4.2 billion) in 2019, and it was the second highest-earning football club in the world, with an annual revenue of \u20ac757,3 million in 2019. The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world. Real Madrid is one of three founding members of La Liga that have never been relegated from the top division since its inception in 1929, along with Athletic Bilbao and Barcelona. The club holds many long-standing rivalries, most notably El Cl\u00e1sico with Barcelona and El Derbi with Atl\u00e9tico Madrid.\nReal Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s, winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times. This success was replicated in the league, which the club won five times in the space of seven years. This team, which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano, Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s, Francisco Gento, and Raymond Kopa, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In domestic football, the club has won 65 trophies; a record 33 La Liga titles, 19 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de Espa\u00f1a, a Copa Eva Duarte, and a Copa de la Liga. In European and worldwide competitions, the club has won a record 26 trophies; a record 13 European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Cups and four UEFA Super Cups. In international football, they have achieved a record seven club world championships.Real Madrid was recognised as the FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 11 December 2000, and received the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit on 20 May 2004. The club was also awarded Best European Club of the 20th Century by the IFFHS on 11 May 2010. In June 2017, the team succeeded in becoming the first club to win back to back Champions Leagues, then made it three in a row in May 2018, extending their lead atop the UEFA club rankings.", "Q146356": "Chomutov (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8xomutof]; German: Komotau) is a city in the Czech Republic, in the \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem Region. Chomutov has been a statutory city since 1 July 2006. It occupies an area of 29.26 km\u00b2 and has almost 50,000 inhabitants. There are almost 80,000 inhabitants in the city's wider metropolitan area.", "Q457906": "John Adam Presper \"Pres\" Eckert Jr. (April 9, 1919 \u2013 June 3, 1995) was an American electrical engineer and computer pioneer. With John Mauchly, he designed the first general-purpose electronic digital computer (ENIAC), presented the first course in computing topics (the Moore School Lectures), founded the Eckert\u2013Mauchly Computer Corporation, and designed the first commercial computer in the U.S., the UNIVAC, which incorporated Eckert's invention of the mercury delay line memory.", "Q616048": "Wafangdian (Chinese: \u74e6\u623f\u5e97; pinyin: W\u01cef\u00e1ngdi\u00e0n), formerly Fuhsien (Fuxian) or Fu County (simplified Chinese: \u590d\u53bf; traditional Chinese: \u5fa9\u7e23; pinyin: F\u00f9 Xi\u00e0n), is one of the two \"northern county-level cities\", the other being Zhuanghe, under the administration of Dalian, located in the south of Liaoning province, China. The city is famous for its ball bearing industry. Wafangdian Bearing Factory is the largest bearing manufacturer in Asia and was initially built by the Japanese during World War II. Its area is 3,576.40 square kilometres (1,380.86 sq mi) and its permanent population as of 2010 is 942,197, compared to 1,024,876 registered with hukou permits. The city borders the prefecture-level city of Yingkou to the northeast.", "Q110676": "Ole Hartvig Nissen (17 April 1815 \u2013 4 February 1874) was a Norwegian philologist and educator. He founded Nissen's Girls' School in Christiania in 1849. In 1865 he became director-general in the Ministry of Education, while remaining one of three joint headmasters of Nissen's Girls' School until 1872. In 1873 he was appointed to the prestigious position as rector of Oslo Cathedral School.", "Q32439": "St\u00e9phane Audran (born Colette Suzanne Dacheville; 8 November 1932 \u2013 27 March 2018) was a French film and television actress, known for her performances in award-winning movies such as The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie (1972) and Babette's Feast (1987) and in critically acclaimed films like The Big Red One (1980) and Violette Nozi\u00e8re (1978).", "Q3113717": "Kitami Institute of Technology (\u5317\u898b\u5de5\u696d\u5927\u5b66, Kitami K\u014dgy\u014d Daigaku) is a national university in Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan. Founded as the Kitami Junior College of Technology on 1 April 1960, it was chartered as a university (Kitami Institute of Technology) on 1 April 1966. In 2004, it became part of the National University Corporation.", "Q195668": "Queen Mary University of London (QMUL, or informally QM) is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London. It dates back to the foundation of London Hospital Medical College in 1785. Queen Mary College, named after Mary of Teck, was admitted to the University of London in 1915 and in 1989 merged with Westfield College to form Queen Mary and Westfield College. In 1995 Queen Mary and Westfield College merged with St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College and the London Hospital Medical College to form the School of Medicine and Dentistry.\nQueen Mary has five campuses across East and Central London in Mile End, Whitechapel, Charterhouse Square, Lincoln's Inn Fields and West Smithfield, as well as an international presence in China, France, Greece and Malta. The Mile End campus is the largest self-contained campus of any London-based Russell Group university. In 2018/19 the university had around 26,000 students. Queen Mary is organised into three faculties \u2013 the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, the Faculty of Science and Engineering and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry.\nQueen Mary is a member of the Russell Group of British research universities, the Association of Commonwealth Universities and Universities UK. Queen Mary is a major centre for medical teaching and research and is part of UCLPartners, the world's largest academic health science centre. Queen Mary run programmes at the University of London Institute in Paris, taking over the functions provided by Royal Holloway. Queen Mary also collaborates with University of London to offer its Global MBA program. For 2017\u201318, Queen Mary had a turnover of \u00a3459.5 million, including \u00a3106.5 million from research grants and contracts.In the 2019/20 international university rankings, Queen Mary ranked 126th (QS World University Rankings), 110th in the world and 12th in the UK (Times Higher Education World University Rankings), 13th best global university in the UK (U.S. News and World Report) and 151\u2013200 (Academic Ranking of World Universities). In the national rankings for UK universities, Queen Mary ranked 41st by The Complete University Guide 2020, 49th by The Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide 2020 and 83rd by The Guardian University Guide 2020. Queen Mary has produced many notable alumni in various fields of work and study around the world with several alumni having become notable leaders in their respective fields. There are nine Nobel Laureates amongst Queen Mary's alumni, current and former staff.", "Q111568": "Frederic Storm (July 2, 1844 \u2013 June 9, 1935) was a United States Representative from New York. Born in Alsace, France, he immigrated to the United States in 1846 with his parents, who settled in New York City. He attended the public schools of New York City and engaged in the cigar manufacturing business. He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1894; and a member of the New York State Assembly (Queens Co., 2nd D.) in 1896. He was a member of the Queens County Republican committee from 1894 to 1900 and was three times its chairman. He was the founder of Flushing Hospital, and was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-seventh Congress, holding office from March 4, 1901 to March 3, 1903. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1902 to the Fifty-eighth Congress, and after leaving Congress engaged in banking in Bayside. He founded the Bayside National Bank in 1905 and was its president until his resignation in 1920. He resided in Bayside until his death in that city in 1935; interment was in Flushing Cemetery, Flushing, New York.", "Q901677": "The Romanian Academy (Romanian: Academia Rom\u00e2n\u0103) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 acting members who are elected for life.\nAccording to its bylaws, the academy's main goals are the cultivation of Romanian language and Romanian literature, the study of the national history of Romania and research into major scientific domains. Some of the academy's fundamental projects are the Romanian language dictionary (Dic\u021bionarul explicativ al limbii rom\u00e2ne), the dictionary of Romanian literature, and the treatise on the history of the Romanian people.", "Q745362": "Heads Up International is a jazz record label that was formed in Cleveland, Ohio. It was bought by the Concord Music Group in 2005.", "Q106014": "Otto Wagener (29 April 1888 \u2013 9 August 1971) was a German major general and, for a period, Adolf Hitler's economic advisor and confidant.", "Q460614": "Eija-Riitta Korhola (n\u00e9e Nieminen, born on 15 June 1959 in Lahti) is a Finnish politician and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP). She served three terms, first with the Finnish Christian Democrats between 1999\u20132003 and then with the National Coalition Party from 2004 to 2014, being part of the European People's Party the whole time. During her MEP years, Korhola served on the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety. She was also a member of the ACP\u2013EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly, and acted as a deputy both in the Committee on Budgetary Control and in the Committee on Foreign Affairs.", "Q439761": "Jos\u00e9 Donoso Y\u00e1\u00f1ez (5 October 1924 \u2013 7 December 1996) was a Chilean writer. He lived most of his life in Chile, although he spent many years in self-imposed exile in Mexico, the United States (Iowa) and mainly Spain. Although he had left his country in the sixties for personal reasons, after 1973 he said his exile was also a form of protest against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. He returned to Chile in 1981 and lived there until his death.\nDonoso is the author of a number of noted stories and novels, which contributed greatly to the Latin American literary boom. The term 'Boom' was coined in his 1972 essay Historia personal del \"boom\".[1] His best known works include the novels Coronaci\u00f3n, El lugar sin l\u00edmites (The Place Without Limits) and El obsceno p\u00e1jaro de la noche (The Obscene Bird of Night). His works deal with a number of themes, including sexuality, the duplicity of identity, psychology, and a sense of dark humor.\n\n", "Q65561": "Hans Eberhard Apel (25 February 1932 \u2013 6 September 2011) was a German politician and a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). From 1972 to 1974 he was Parliamentary State Secretary to the Foreign Minister. From 1974 to 1978 he was the Minister of Finance and from 1978 to 1982 he was the Minister of Defence.", "Q12931": "Bernard Perrut (born 24 January 1957 in Villefranche-sur-Sa\u00f4ne, Rh\u00f4ne) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Rh\u00f4ne department, and is a member of the Republicans. He is the mayor of Villefranche-sur-Sa\u00f4ne.", "Q230278": "Jennifer Audrey Coolidge (born August 28, 1961) is an American actress, comedian, and activist. She is best known for playing Jeanine Stifler in the American Pie franchise (1999\u20132012), Paulette Bonafont\u00e9 Parcelle in the Legally Blonde franchise (2001\u20132003), and as Fiona in the romantic comedy A Cinderella Story (2004). Coolidge is also a regular actor in Christopher Guest's mockumentary films, such as Best in Show (2000), A Mighty Wind (2003), For Your Consideration (2006), and Mascots (2016). \nCoolidge has appeared in films, including Pootie Tang (2001), Click (2006), Date Movie (2006), Epic Movie (2007), American Dreamz (2006), Soul Men (2008), Gentlemen Broncos (2009), Austenland (2013), and Like a Boss (2020). On television, she is known for her starring role as Roberta \"Bobbie\" Morganstern in the NBC sitcom Joey (2004\u20132006), Betty in the ABC Family teen drama series The Secret Life of the American Teenager (2008\u20132012), Zofia \u201dSophie\u201d Kaczy\u0144ski in the CBS sitcom 2 Broke Girls (2011\u20132017). In 2020, Coolidge appeared in Ariana Grande\u2019s \u201cThank U, Next\u201d music video. \nCoolidge is an alumna of The Groundlings, an improv and sketch comedy troupe based in Los Angeles.", "Q707151": "Matthew Thomas Skiba (born February 24, 1976) is an American musician, singer and songwriter, known for his role as the co-lead vocalist and guitarist of the bands Alkaline Trio and Blink-182.Skiba began performing with Blink-182 in March 2015 as a replacement following the second departure of founding guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge and later joined the band permanently in July of that same year. His first appearance is on the band's seventh studio album, California, which was released on July 1, 2016. His second appearance was on the band's eighth studio album Nine, which was released on September 20, 2019.\nSkiba has also recorded and performed solo and with his side-projects, Heavens and the Hell. In 2012, he released a solo album, Babylon, with his backing band the Sekrets. A second album, Kuts, was released on June 1, 2015.", "Q4885812": "Benjamin Hatskin (September 30, 1917 - October 18, 1990) was a Canadian businessman and the founder of the Winnipeg Jets.", "Q66068": "Karl Koller (22 February 1898 \u2013 22 December 1951) was a German General der Flieger and the Chief of the General Staff of Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe during World War II.", "Q323210": "Jonathan Edward Stephen \"J. J.\" Jeczalik (; born 11 May 1955) is an electronic musician/record producer, co-founder of the electronic music group the Art of Noise. He taught IT at Oxford High School until his retirement in 2013.Jeczalik has worked with several artists and bands including: Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Yes, Stephen Duffy, Dollar, Pet Shop Boys and ABC. He won a Grammy Award for Art Of Noise's cover of Peter Gunn.", "Q79148": "Ferdinand von Trauttmansdorff (1749\u20131827) was an Austrian diplomat and statesman. From 1787 to 1789 he was Minister plenipotentiary of the Austrian Netherlands, ruling on behalf of Emperor Joseph II.", "Q1971181": "Shamele Mackie (born March 5th, 1978), known professionally as Papoose (), is an American rapper and songwriter.After making his rap debut on Kool G Rap's 1998 album Roots of Evil, Papoose produced and distributed his own mixtapes during the early 2000s, eventually signing a $1.5 million contract with Jive Records. After his debut studio album, The Nacirema Dream, was repeatedly delayed and eventually shelved, he and collaborator DJ Kay Slay cut ties with Jive, and released several free mixtapes between 2006 and 2013, building up a large fanbase in the world of underground hip-hop.", "Q92857": "Ivar Hjalmar Jacobson (born 1939) is a Swedish-American computer scientist and software engineer, known as major contributor to UML, Objectory, Rational Unified Process (RUP), aspect-oriented software development and Essence.", "Q500692": "The University of Bremen (German Universit\u00e4t Bremen) is a public university in Bremen, Germany, with approximately 23,500 people from 115 countries. It is one of 11 institutions which were successful in the category \"Institutional Strategies\" of the Excellence Initiative launched by the Federal Government and the Federal States in 2012. The university was also successful in the categories \"Graduate Schools\" and \"Clusters of Excellence\" of the initiative.\nIts commitment was rewarded with the title \u201cStadt der Wissenschaft 2005\u201d (City of Science of 2005), which science, politics, business and culture won jointly for Bremen and Bremerhaven, by the Foundation for German Science (Stifterverband f\u00fcr die Deutsche Wissenschaft).\nSome of the paths that were taken in the early days of the University, also referred to as the \"Bremen model\", have since become characteristics of modern universities, such as interdisciplinary, explorative learning, social relevance to practice-oriented project studies which enjoy a high reputation in the academic world as well as in business and industry.", "Q162586": "Dream Theater is an American progressive metal band formed in 1985 under the name Majesty by John Petrucci, John Myung and Mike Portnoy while they attended Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts. They subsequently dropped out of their studies to concentrate further on the band that would eventually become Dream Theater. Though a number of lineup changes followed, the three original members remained together until September 8, 2010, when Portnoy left the band. Mike Mangini was announced as the new permanent drummer on April 29, 2011. In 1991, James LaBrie joined replacing Charlie Dominici as the lead singer of the band and has been the singer ever since. The band's first keyboardist, Kevin Moore, left the band after three albums and was replaced by Derek Sherinian in 1995 after a period of touring. After one album with Sherinian, the band replaced him with current keyboardist Jordan Rudess in 1999.\nTo date, Dream Theater has released fourteen studio albums. The band's highest-selling release is their second album Images and Words (1992), which reached No. 61 on the Billboard 200 chart. Both the albums Awake (1994) and Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence (2002) also entered the charts at No. 32 and No. 46, respectively, and received critical acclaim. Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory was ranked number 95 on the October 2006 issue of Guitar World magazine's list of The greatest 100 guitar albums of all time. It is ranked as the 15th Greatest Concept Album as of March 2003 by Classic Rock Magazine.As of 2018, Dream Theater has sold over 12 million records worldwide and has received two Grammy Award nominations.", "Q1636837": "Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST, also known coloquially as T\u00e9cnico, and stylized T\u00c9CNICO LISBOA) is a public school of engineering and technology , part of Universidade de Lisboa. It was founded as an autonomous school in 1911, and integrated in the Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa in 1930. IST is the largest school of engineering in Portugal by number of enrolled students, enroled professors, scientific production and patents. \nIST has three campi, all located in the Lisbon metropolitan area: Alameda in Lisbon, Taguspark in Oeiras and Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear Campus in Loures, and consists of ten departments that are responsible for teaching the undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Each department is organized in sections, which group together specific subjects within its scientific area. In addition, the laboratories of the several departments support the teaching and research activities carried out at IST.\nIt offers 18 undergraduate programmes attended by more than 6,000 students\u2014covering a wide range of areas of knowledge\u2014including not only all the traditional engineering specializations, but also emerging scientific areas such as Biomedical Engineering, Aerospace, and Physics Engineering. Over 4,500 students are enrolled in 33 masters, 31 doctoral and several specialized programs. IST has produced 1292 PhD holders.\n\n", "Q817767": "Manuel Benjam\u00edn Carri\u00f3n Mora (April 20, 1897 in Loja \u2013 March 9, 1979 in Quito) was an Ecuadorian writer, diplomat and cultural promoter.", "Q687745": "Lasantha Manilal Wickrematunge (5 April 1958 \u2013 8 January 2009) was a Sri Lankan journalist, politician and human rights activist who was assassinated in January 2009.\nWickrematunge was the founder of The Sunday Leader and Leader Publications alongside his brother and was known for taking \"governments of all hues to task\", was a \"virulent critic of the Mahinda Rajapaksa government\", and had been \"locked in a legal battle with the president's brother, defence secretary Gotabaya Rajapaksa, who was spearheading the battle against the LTTE rebels.\nWickrematunge's assassination caused a national frenzy being the country's most influential media personnel and one of the biggest political figures and raised questions about freedom of expression in the country. Wickrematunge's murder was widely condemned across the world. The Daily Mirror called it the \"biggest blow\" to media freedom in Sri Lanka, and the Editors Guild held the government responsible for the killing as it has failed to stop attacks against media personnel. The government also expressed shock at the killing, pledging to do everything in its power to catch his killers.\nWickrematunge had been on Amnesty International's endangered list since 1998, when anti-tank shells were fired on his house.", "Q172795": "Alfred Lazarus Fingleston (16 December 1920 \u2013 13 May 2012), better known as Les Leston, was a British racing driver, born in Bulwell, Nottinghamshire.", "Q1065952": "Charles Dunell Rudd (22 October 1844 \u2013 15 November 1916) was the main business associate of Cecil Rhodes.", "Q355392": "Angus Macfadyen (born 21 September 1963) is a Scottish actor. His roles include Robert the Bruce, both in Braveheart and Robert the Bruce, Vice-Counsel Dupont in Equilibrium, Jeff Denlon in the Saw franchise, Robert Rogers in the AMC historical drama Turn: Washington's Spies, McCreedy in Cameron Crowe's We Bought a Zoo, and biologist James Murray in The Lost City of Z. He has made appearances on several television series such as Californication, Criminal Minds and the final season of Chuck.", "Q718065": "William Bowie, B.S., C.E., M.A. (May 6, 1872 \u2013 August 28, 1940) was an American geodetic engineer.\n\n", "Q778949": "Julianne Baird (born December 10, 1952 in Statesville, North Carolina) is an American soprano best known for her singing in Baroque works, in both opera and sacred music. She has nearly 100 recordings to her credit and is a well-traveled recitalist and soloist with major symphony orchestras. She is also a noted teacher of voice.", "Q1428469": "Jazzland Recordings is a Norwegian jazz and improvised music label based in Oslo, Norway, often associated with nu jazz.\nIt was founded in 1996 by pianist Bugge Wesseltoft to release his \"New Conception of Jazz\" and operate as a standalone label. There were three divisions of the Jazzland: \"Jazzland\", \"Gr\u00fcner\", and \"Acoustic\", but these were dropped.", "Q154020": "Elle (stylized ELLE) is a worldwide lifestyle magazine of French origin that focuses on fashion, beauty, health and entertainment. It was founded in 1945 by H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Gordon-Lazareff and her husband, the writer Pierre Lazareff. The title means \"she\" or \"her\" in French.", "Q78242": "Bruno Erhard Abegg (17 January 1803 \u2013 16 December 1848) was a Prussian statesman.\nAbegg was born in Elbing (Elbl\u0105g) in West Prussia, where his father was a merchant and Privy TradeCouncil.\nBeginning in 1822, Abegg studied law at the universities of Heidelberg and K\u00f6nigsberg, and practised in Danzig and K\u00f6nigsberg (now Gda\u0144sk and Kaliningrad, respectively). In 1831, he purchased a manor in Fischhausen (now Primorsk), becoming head of this district on 23 April 1833. He then moved to K\u00f6nigsberg, where he became superintendent of the police. In 1835, he was given the title of Privy Council of the Government in Berlin and sent to Breslau (Wroc\u0142aw).\nHe became vice president of the F\u00fcnfzigerausschuss (Commission of the Fifty) in Frankfurt. Later, he was a member of the National Assembly in Berlin, where he died of an illness.\nAbegg was a cousin of the criminalist Julius Friedrich Heinrich Abegg.", "Q92843": "Mikl\u00f3s Ajtai (born 2 July 1946) is a computer scientist at the IBM Almaden Research Center, United States. In 2003, he received the Knuth Prize for his numerous contributions to the field, including a classic sorting network algorithm (developed jointly with J. Koml\u00f3s and Endre Szemer\u00e9di), exponential lower bounds, superlinear time-space tradeoffs for branching programs, and other \"unique and spectacular\" results.", "Q2657741": "Richard Gable Hovannisian (Armenian: \u054c\u056b\u0579\u0561\u0580\u0564 \u0540\u0578\u057e\u0570\u0561\u0576\u0576\u056b\u057d\u0575\u0561\u0576, born November 9, 1932) is an Armenian American historian and professor emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is known mainly for his four-volume history of the First Republic of Armenia.\n\n", "Q152451": "Edmund Gerald Brown Jr. (born April 7, 1938) is an American retired politician who served as the 34th and 39th governor of California from 1975 to 1983 and from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, Brown served as California Attorney General from 2007 to 2011. He was both the oldest and sixth-youngest governor of California as a consequence of the 28-year gap between his second and third terms. Upon completing his fourth term in office, Brown became the third longest-serving governor in United States history, serving 16 years and 7 days in office.Brown was born in San Francisco as the son of Bernice Layne Brown and Pat Brown, who served as the 32nd governor of California (1959\u20131967). After graduating from the University of California, Berkeley and Yale University, he began his political career as a member of the Los Angeles Community College District Board of Trustees (1969\u20131971). He was elected to serve as the 23rd Secretary of State of California from 1971 to 1975.\nAt 36, Brown was elected to his first term as governor of California in 1974, making him the youngest California governor in 111 years. In 1978, he won his second term. During and following his first governorship, Brown ran as a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1976, 1980 and 1992. He declined to pursue a third term in 1982, instead making an unsuccessful run for the United States Senate that same year. After traveling abroad, he returned to California and served as Chairman of the California Democratic Party (1989\u20131991), attempting to run for President once more in 1992.\nAfter six years out of politics, Brown returned to public life, serving as Mayor of Oakland (1999\u20132007), and then as Attorney General of California (2007\u20132011). He ran for his third and fourth terms as California governor in 2010 and 2014, his eligibility to do so having stemmed from California's constitutional grandfather clause. On October 7, 2013, he became the longest-serving governor in the history of California, surpassing Earl Warren.", "Q68051": "Fiesch is a municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Nearby Fiescheralp is administered by Fiesch and is accessible by the Eggishorn lift.\nIt has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage site for its view of the Jungfrau-Aletsch Protected Area.", "Q527239": "Gyula Kr\u00fady (21 October 1878 \u2013 12 May 1933) was a Hungarian writer and journalist.", "Q15092": "Castell\u00f3n de la Plana (Spanish pronunciation: [kaste\u02c8\u028eon de la \u02c8plana]), Castell\u00f3 de la Plana (official) (Valencian pronunciation: [kaste\u02c8\u028eo \u00f0e la \u02c8plana]), or simply Castell\u00f3n, is the capital city of the province of Castell\u00f3n, in the Valencian Community (Spain). It is located in the east of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Costa del Azahar by the Mediterranean Sea. The mountain range known as Desert de les Palmes rises inland north of the town.\nAccording to the 2018 census, Castell\u00f3n has a population of 170,888 inhabitants (called castellonencs in Valencian), ranking as the fourth most populated city in the Valencian Community (after Valencia, Alicante and Elche). The Prime Meridian or Greenwich Meridian, crosses Castell\u00f3 de la Plana, and intersects with the 40th Parallel, and commemorates it with the Meridian Park (Parque del Meridiano) located at the exact point where this occurs.", "Q182300": "Love of Siam (Thai: \u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21, RTGS: Rak Haeng Sayam, pronounced [r\u00e1k h\u025b\u0300\u014b s\u00e0.j\u01ce\u02d0m]) is a 2007 Thai multi-layered romantic-drama film written and directed by Chookiat Sakveerakul. The film tells a story of love, friendship and family. The film was released in Thailand on November 22, 2007. The fact that the gay romance storyline was not apparent from the film's promotional material initially caused controversy, but the film was received with critical acclaim and proved financially successful. It dominated Thailand's 2007 film awards season, winning the Best Picture category in all major events.", "Q534523": "J\u00e1nos Kodol\u00e1nyi (Kodol\u00e1nyi J\u00e1nos; Telki, March 13, 1899 \u2013 Budapest, August 10, 1969) Hungarian writer of short stories, dramas, novels and sociographies. The Kodol\u00e1nyi J\u00e1nos University of Applied Sciences was named after him.", "Q459081": "Duygu Asena (April 19, 1946 \u2013 July 30, 2006) was a Turkish journalist, best-selling author and activist for women\u2019s rights.", "Q1792159": "The Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities also called simply the Royal Academy of Letters or Vitterhetsakademin abbreviated KVHAA (Swedish: Kungl. Vitterhetsakademien Historie och Antikvitets Akademien or Kungliga Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien or Vitterhetsakademien) is the Swedish royal academy for the Humanities. Its many publications include the archaeological and art historical journal Fornv\u00e4nnen, published since 1906.", "Q946528": "Jason Freese is an American musician, songwriter, record producer, singer, and recording engineer. As a professional studio musician he has performed on over 50 albums, including Green Day, Dr. Dre, Pitbull, Avenged Sevenfold, Goo Goo Dolls, and Jewel. He is the son of tuba soloist Stan Freese and the younger brother of professional drummer Josh Freese. Jason has performed as a studio musician and touring member in Green Day since 2004. He has performed on their American Idiot World Tour, their 21st Century Breakdown World Tour, their 99 Revolutions Tour and their Revolution Radio Tour, and appeared on their live albums Bullet in a Bible and Awesome as Fuck. His performing credits most often consist of saxophone, piano, and keyboards. His credits as a producer include Jewel's 2009 album Lullaby and Death by Stereo's 2009 album Death Is My Only Friend.He is based in Fullerton, California.", "Q1569421": "The University of Los Andes (Spanish: Universidad de los Andes), also commonly self-styled as Uniandes, is a private research university located in the city centre of Bogot\u00e1, Colombia. Founded in 1948 by a group of Colombian intellectuals led by Mario Laserna Pinz\u00f3n, it was the first Colombian university established as nonsectarian (independent from any political party or religious institution). Los Andes has consistently been regarded as one of the best Colombian universities\u2014very often ranked as the best\u2014one of the top 5 in Latin America, and one of the top 300 world universities, according to both the QS World Top University Ranking and the Times Higher Education Classification.The university is academically composed of nine schools, three special academic entities\u2014the Alberto Lleras Camargo School of Government, the Center for Research and Training in Education (Spanish: Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Formaci\u00f3n en Educaci\u00f3n, CIFE), and the Interdisciplinary Center for Development Studies (Spanish: Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios sobre Desarrollo, CIDER)\u2014and a joint academic venture with the medical institution Santa Fe de Bogot\u00e1 Foundation, offering 31 undergraduate, 18 doctoral, and 38 graduate degree-granting programs in areas of human knowledge such as medicine, engineering, science, law and others.As of 2011, the university had given birth to 128 research groups recognized by Colciencias, most of them in the social sciences, mathematics, physics and engineering. By 2017, the number of groups recognized by Colciencias has increased to 153 research groups. It is one of the few Colombian universities to have received high quality institutional accreditation by the Colombian Ministry of Education, given in January 2015.\n\n", "Q75766": "Maria Osten was a German and Soviet journalist. She was born on March 20, 1908 in Lemgo, Germany, but grew up in East Prussia. She took a pen name, Osten (German for \"East\") to indicate her pro-Soviet sympathies.\nOsten was born Maria Emilie Alwine Gressh\u00f6ner in Muckum bei B\u00fcnde, Westphalia, Germany, the daughter of Anna Maria (Pohlmann) and Heinrich Gressh\u00f6ner. Maria Osten was most famous for her 1935 book Hubert in Wonderland (\"\u0413\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0441\" - Russian) and the events surrounding its publication in the Soviet Union. The story is about a 12-year-old boy who is the son of German Communist from the Saar region of Germany. The boy is adopted by a Soviet journalist for Pravda, Mikhail Koltsov, and his partner, the German journalist Maria Osten, who took the boy in 1935 to the Soviet Union. The boy's arrival in the Soviet Union was a very highly publicized event at the time, as it was a demonstration of the cooperation of fellow Communists to save a young boy from having to grow up in Nazi Germany. The boy was toured all around the country and he was even taken to visit Marshals Mikhail Tukhachevsky and Semyon Budyonny in the Kremlin.\nThe family's fate, however, changed, when Joseph Stalin began to purge the party ranks. Koltsov was arrested in December 1938 following a denunciation filed in by Andr\u00e9 Marty and executed about a year later, and the book disappeared from circulation. Hubert then refused to recognize his adoptive parents and told his adoptive mother to leave him. In 1941, Maria Osten was arrested in the hotel Balchug, and never heard from again. (In fact, Maria Osten was executed in Saratov prison on September 16, 1942).\nHubert was deported to the Kazakh SSR, where he became a shepherd. He was arrested in 1946 and freed only in 1955, two years after Stalin's death. Hubert tried to return to Germany, but never succeeded, dying in 1959 in a hospital in Simferopol after a poorly performed operation for appendicitis.", "Q685146": "Ivo Vajgl (born 3 March 1943) is a Slovenian politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Slovenia. He is a member of the DeSUS party (Democratic party of Pensioneers of Slovenia) and individual member of European Democratic Party (EDP), in the European Parliament he is a member of ALDE Group - Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.", "Q12925": "Philippe Cochet (born 23 May 1961 in Lyon, Rh\u00f4ne) is a French politician.\nHe has been a member of the French National Assembly since 2002, most recently re-elected in 2007 for the Rh\u00f4ne department. He is a member of the mainstream conservative party, the UMP.\nHe is a member of the National Assembly Committee on foreign relations, and the President of the France-Iran Parliamentary Committee.Within the UMP, Philippe Cochet is part of the libertarian faction called The Reformers. He has been one of the 21 members of the UMP National Committee (Comit\u00e9 directeur) since July 2007.\nHe is also, since March 2008, the mayor of Caluire-et-Cuire, a city in the Northern suburbs of Lyon.", "Q318292": "Roger William Corman (born April 5, 1926) is an American director, producer, and actor. He has been called \"The Pope of Pop Cinema\" and is known as a trailblazer in the world of independent film. Much of Corman's work has an established critical reputation, such as his cycle of low-budget cult films adapted from the tales of Edgar Allan Poe.In 1964, Corman--admired by members of the French New Wave and Cahiers du cin\u00e9ma--became the youngest filmmaker to have a retrospective at the Cin\u00e9math\u00e8que Fran\u00e7aise, as well as in the British Film Institute and the Museum of Modern Art. He was the co-founder of New World Pictures, the founder of New Concorde and is a longtime member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. In 2009, he was awarded an Honorary Academy Award \"for his rich engendering of films and filmmakers.\"Corman mentored and gave a start to many young film directors such as Francis Ford Coppola, Ron Howard, Martin Scorsese, Jonathan Demme, John Sayles, and James Cameron, and was highly influential in the New Hollywood filmmaking movement of the 1960s and 1970s. He also helped to launch the careers of actors like Peter Fonda, Jack Nicholson, Dennis Hopper, Bruce Dern, Sylvester Stallone, Diane Ladd, and William Shatner.Corman has occasionally taken minor acting roles in the films of directors who started with him, including The Silence of the Lambs, The Godfather Part II, Apollo 13, The Manchurian Candidate and Philadelphia.A documentary about Corman's life and career entitled Corman's World: Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel, directed by Alex Stapleton, premiered at the Sundance and Cannes Film Festivals in 2011. The film's TV rights were picked up by A&E IndieFilms after a well-received screening at Sundance.\n\n", "Q119646": "Dr. Rudolf Gelpke (1928\u20131972) was a Swiss born Islamic scholar.\nHe studied at the University of Basel where he received his doctorate in Islamic Studies in 1957. Later Gelpke would move to Iran, where he taught at the University of Tehran and then later at the University of Bern in Switzerland. Moreover he served as an associate professor at UCLA for a year between September 1962 and May 1963. In the eight years he lived in Tehran, he also worked as a freelance writer, who not only translated many famous historical works but also published many of his own works. In his most famous paper, \u201cOn Travels in the Universe of the Soul\u201d, he reports on self experimentation using lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin conducted with his friends Dr. Albert Hofmann, pharmacologist Professor Heribert Konzett, and writer Ernst J\u00fcnger. He would later publish a book in 1966 that was in greater reference to these self experiments called, \u201cVom Rausch im Orient und Okzident\u201d (On Inebriation in the East and the West). Later Dr. Gelpke would return to Switzerland, where he suffered from a stroke, dying at age of 43.", "Q139596": "The National Fascist Party (Italian: Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF) was an Italian political party, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of Italian Fascism (previously represented by groups known as Fasci). The party ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 when Fascists took power with the March on Rome until the fall of the Fascist regime 1943, when Mussolini was deposed by the Grand Council of Fascism.\nPreceding the PNF, Mussolini's first established political party was known as the Revolutionary Fascist Party (Partito Fascista Rivoluzionario, PFR), which was founded in 1915 according to Mussolini. After poor November 1919 election results, the PFR was eventually renamed the National Fascist Party during the Third Fascist Congress in Rome on 7\u201310 November 1921.The National Fascist Party was rooted in Italian nationalism and the desire to restore and expand Italian territories, which Italian Fascists deemed necessary for a nation to assert its superiority and strength and to avoid succumbing to decay. Italian Fascists claimed that modern Italy is the heir to ancient Rome and its legacy and historically supported the creation of an Italian Empire to provide spazio vitale (\"living space\") for colonization by Italian settlers and to establish control over the Mediterranean Sea.Fascists promoted a corporatist economic system whereby employer and employee syndicates are linked together in associations to collectively represent the nation's economic producers and work alongside the state to set national economic policy. This economic system intended to resolve class conflict through collaboration between the classes.Italian Fascism opposed liberalism, but did not seek a reactionary restoration of the pre-French Revolutionary world, which it considered to have been flawed, and not in line with a forward-looking direction on policy. It was opposed to Marxist socialism because of its typical opposition to nationalism, but was also opposed to the reactionary conservatism developed by Joseph de Maistre. It believed the success of Italian nationalism required respect for tradition and a clear sense of a shared past among the Italian people alongside a commitment to a modernized Italy.The National Fascist Party along with its successor, the Republican Fascist Party, are the only parties whose re-formation is banned by the Constitution of Italy: \"It shall be forbidden to reorganize, under any form whatsoever, the dissolved fascist party\".", "Q33055": "Jean d'Esme (27 September 1894 \u2013 24 February 1966) was a French writer and journalist.", "Q834814": "Johnny Test is an American-Canadian animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation for the first season and by Cookie Jar Entertainment for the remainder of the series. It premiered on Kids' WB on September 17, 2005, which continued to air the series through its second and third seasons. The rest of the series aired on Cartoon Network starting on January 7, 2008, in the United States and internationally. In Canada, the series aired on Teletoon, premiering September 8, 2006.The series revolves around the adventures of the title character, Johnny Test, an 11-year-old suburban boy who lives with his parents, his \"super-genius\" 13-year-old twin sisters, Susan and Mary, both of whom are scientists and best friends with each other, and a talking dog named Dukey. They reside in the fictional town of Porkbelly, which is in the USA or Canada. Johnny is often used as a test subject for his genius twin sisters' inventions and experiments, which range from gadgets to superpowers. Their experiments often cause problems that he must resolve and he must sometimes fight villains in the process. He occasionally saves the world with his sisters' inventions.\nOn June 11, 2013, Teletoon announced that the series had been renewed for a seventh season, to consist of 13 episodes and a three-part special. However, in response to a tweet on June 25, 2015, regarding a seventh season, voice actor James Arnold Taylor stated that he was unaware of any plans for a seventh season.On March 15, 2019, the official Johnny Test YouTube channel released a video confirming the show would inspire a series of web-shorts by WildBrain Spark, a subsidiary of WildBrain that produces original content for online distribution. The announcement video was made private in October 2019. On January 23, 2020, WildBrain confirmed a television sequel of the show was being produced at its Vancouver studio.", "Q138850": "Gershom Scholem (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05b5\u05e8\u05b0\u05e9\u05c1\u05c2\u05dd \u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05dc\u05d5\u05b9\u05dd) (December 5, 1897 \u2013 February 21, 1982), was a German-born Israeli philosopher and historian. He is widely regarded as the founder of the modern, academic study of Kabbalah. He was the first professor of Jewish Mysticism at Hebrew University of Jerusalem. His close friends included Walter Benjamin and Leo Strauss, and selected letters from his correspondence with those philosophers have been published.\nScholem is best known for his collection of lectures, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism (1941) and for his biography Sabbatai Zevi, the Mystical Messiah (1957). His collected speeches and essays, published as On Kabbalah and its Symbolism (1965), helped to spread knowledge of Jewish mysticism among both Jews and non-Jews.", "Q9588": "Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 \u2013 April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974. The nation's 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, he came to national prominence as a representative and senator from California. After five years in the White House that saw the conclusion to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, d\u00e9tente with the USSR and China, and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency, he became the only president to resign from the office.\nNixon was born into a poor family in a small town in Southern California. He graduated from Duke University School of Law in 1937 and returned to California to practice law. He and his wife Pat moved to Washington in 1942 to work for the federal government. He served on active duty in the Navy Reserve during World War II. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1946. His pursuit of the Hiss Case established his reputation as a leading anti-Communist which elevated him to national prominence. In 1950, he was elected to the Senate. He was the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Republican Party's presidential nominee in the 1952 election, serving for eight years in that capacity. He waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960, narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy. Nixon then lost a race for governor of California to Pat Brown in 1962. In 1968, he ran for the presidency again and was elected, defeating Hubert Humphrey and George Wallace in a close election.\nNixon ended American involvement in the war in Vietnam in 1973, ending the military draft that same year. Nixon's visit to China in 1972 eventually led to diplomatic relations between the two nations, and he initiated d\u00e9tente and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union the same year. His administration generally transferred power from federal control to state control. He imposed wage and price controls for 90 days, enforced desegregation of Southern schools, established the Environmental Protection Agency, and began the War on Cancer. He also presided over the Apollo 11 moon landing, which signaled the end of the moon race. He was re-elected in one of the largest electoral landslides in American history in 1972 when he defeated George McGovern.\nIn his second term, Nixon ordered an airlift to resupply Israeli losses in the Yom Kippur War, leading to the oil crisis at home. By late 1973, the Watergate scandal escalated, costing Nixon much of his political support. On August 9, 1974, he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office\u2014the only time an American president has done so. After his resignation, he was issued a controversial pardon by his successor, Gerald Ford. In 20 years of retirement, Nixon wrote his memoirs and nine other books and undertook many foreign trips, thereby rehabilitating his image into that of an elder statesman and leading expert on foreign affairs. He suffered a debilitating stroke on April 18, 1994, and died four days later at age 81.", "Q11054409": "In Search of the Lost Future (\u5931\u308f\u308c\u305f\u672a\u6765\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066, Ushinawareta Mirai o Motomete), subtitled \u00c0 la recherche du futur perdu (\"In search of the lost future\" in French), sometimes abbreviated as Waremete (\u308f\u308c\u3081\u3066), is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by Trumple and released for Windows on November 26, 2010. The title is derived from In Search of Lost Time, a French novel written by Marcel Proust. There have been two manga adaptations published by Kadokawa Shoten and Media Factory. A 12-episode anime adaptation, produced by Feel and directed by Naoto Hosoda, aired in Japan between October and December 2014.", "Q97085": "Max Sievers (11 June 1887 in Berlin \u2013 17 January 1944 in Brandenburg an der Havel) was chairman of the German Freethinkers League, writer and active communist.", "Q235472": "Sofia Milos (; born 27 September 1969) is a Swiss-born Italian/Greek actress. She is best known for her role as Yelina Salas on CSI: Miami. She has also had a role on The Sopranos as Camorra Boss Annalisa Zucca, as well as roles in TV series such as Curb your Enthusiasm, Friends and ER.", "Q1691444": "Joseph Luke Guy (September 20, 1920 \u2013 1962) was an American jazz trumpeter. Guy had a promising career as a young progressive bop musician as he worked alongside more prominent musical acts until a drug addiction sidelined him from further success.\nMuch of Guy's early personal life is obscured, but it is known he began his professional music career performing in New York City, and joined Fats Waller's backup band in the late 1930s. Following that, in 1938, Guy succeeded Dizzy Gillespie in Teddy Hill's orchestra, and patterned a playing style that emulated his musical role model, Roy Eldridge. Despite his range, speed, and potential, Guy never managed to surpass Eldridge's abilities, though Guy was considered a musical talent when taking into account his young age. Additionally, he became a key soloist in Coleman Hawkins' short-lived big band in 1940.In 1941\u201342, Guy was a regular performer as a member of the after-hours band at Minton's Playhouse, alongside Nick Fenton, Kenny Clarke, and Thelonious Monk in jam sessions that proceeded early bop music. Also during this period, Guy was actively involved in numerous recordings by Jerry Newman, and also appeared on songs by Charlie Christian, Hot Lips Page, Roy Eldridge, and Don Byas. Guy began incorporating Gillespie's influences into his playing, with his performance on Monk's 1942 song \"Epistrophy\" arguably being the highlight of Guy's recording career. Much of his appearances as an instrumentalist are marked by his enthusiasm and tempo, however on occasions Guy would over exert himself and consequently sound erratic.Guy struggled with a heroin addiction throughout the majority of his brief career. In 1945\u201346, Guy was involved with Billie Holiday both professionally and intimately. When Guy and Holiday were both busted for drug possession, the two cut ties thereafter. Afterwards, Guy moved to his birthplace in Birmingham, Alabama before falling into relative obscurity among the music industry. Still, he performed at the Woodland Club with local musician Frank Adams, and advised others about the dangers of his addiction. Guy died in 1962.", "Q146342": "See other locations named Teplice.Teplice (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u025bpl\u026ats\u025b]), Teplice-\u0160anov until 1948 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u025bpl\u026ats\u025b \u02c8\u0283anof]; German: Teplitz-Sch\u00f6nau), is a statutory city in the \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic and the capital of the Teplice District. It is Czech Republic's second largest spa town, after Karlovy Vary.", "Q166092": "Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (10 August 1810 \u2013 6 June 1861), generally known as Cavour ( k\u0259-VOOR, Italian: [ka\u02c8vur]), was an Italian statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification. He was one of the leaders of the Historical Right, and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont\u2013Sardinia, a position he maintained (except for a six-month resignation) throughout the Second Italian War of Independence and Garibaldi's campaigns to unite Italy. After the declaration of a united Kingdom of Italy, Cavour took office as the first Prime Minister of Italy; he died after only three months in office, and thus did not live to see Venetia or Rome added to the new Italian nation.\nCavour put forth several economic reforms in his native region of Piedmont in his earlier years, and founded the political newspaper Il Risorgimento. After being elected to the Chamber of Deputies, he quickly rose in rank through the Piedmontese government, coming to dominate the Chamber of Deputies through a union of left-center and right-center politicians. After a large rail system expansion program, Cavour became prime minister in 1852. As prime minister, Cavour successfully negotiated Piedmont's way through the Crimean War, the Second Italian War of Independence, and Garibaldi's expeditions, managing to maneuver Piedmont diplomatically to become a new great power in Europe, controlling a nearly united Italy that was five times as large as Piedmont had been before he came to power.\nEnglish historian Denis Mack Smith says Cavour was the most successful parliamentarian in Italian history but he was not especially democratic. Cavour was often dictatorial, ignored his ministerial colleagues and parliament, and interfered in parliamentary elections. He also practiced trasformismo and other policies which were carried over into post-Risorgimento Italy.", "Q274348": "Almudena Grandes Hern\u00e1ndez (Madrid, 7 May 1960) is a Spanish writer. She is a recipient of the Sor Juana In\u00e9s de la Cruz Prize.", "Q336609": "George Henry Hubert Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood, (7 February 1923 \u2013 11 July 2011), styled The Hon. George Lascelles before 1929 and Viscount Lascelles between 1929 and 1947, was a British music director and author. He served as director of the Royal Opera House (1951\u201353; 1969\u201372), chairman of the board of the English National Opera (ENO) (1986\u201395); managing director of the ENO (1972\u201385), managing director of the English National Opera North (1978\u201381), governor of the BBC (1985\u201387), and president of the British Board of Film Classification (1985\u201396).\nHarewood was the elder son of the 6th Earl of Harewood and Princess Mary, Princess Royal, the only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary. At his birth, he was 6th in the line of succession; at his death, he was 46th. Lord Harewood was the eldest nephew of both King Edward VIII and King George VI and was a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. He succeeded to his father's earldom on 24 May 1947.", "Q1054225": "Catherine Isabel Audrey Kidston (born 6 November 1958) is an English fashion designer, businesswoman and author whose company, Cath Kidston Limited sells home furnishings and related goods through shops, online and by mail order. She is particularly known for her nostalgic floral patterns and has also published a number of books.", "Q231614": "Odette Juliette Annable (n\u00e9e Yustman; born May 10, 1985) is an American actress and model. She is known for various roles in film and television, including her starring role as Dr. Jessica Adams in the Fox medical drama series House, Beth McIntyre in the monster film Cloverfield, Aubrey Diaz in the ABC drama series October Road, Samantha Arias/Reign in Supergirl, and Nola Longshadow in Banshee.", "Q78524": "Alexander Zemlinsky or Alexander von Zemlinsky (14 October 1871 \u2013 15 March 1942) was an Austrian composer, conductor, and teacher.\n\n", "Q175788": "David Eden Lane (November 2, 1938 \u2013 May 28, 2007) was an American white separatist and convicted felon. A member of the domestic terror group The Order, he was convicted and sentenced to 190 years in prison for racketeering; conspiracy; and being an accomplice to the murder of Alan Berg, a Jewish radio talk show host, who was murdered by another member of the group on June 18, 1984. He died while incarcerated in the Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana.Lane coined the best-known slogan of the white supremacist movement in North America, the Fourteen Words. He has been described by the Southern Poverty Law Center as \"one of the most important ideologues of contemporary white supremacy\".", "Q11592": "Sonoma is a city in Sonoma County's Sonoma Valley, in California's Wine Country. Today, Sonoma is a center of California's wine industry in the Sonoma Valley AVA Appellation. Sonoma is similarly known as the home of the Sonoma International Film Festival and for its historic town plaza, a remnant of the town's Mexican colonial past. Sonoma's population was 10,648 as of the 2010 census, while the Sonoma urban area had a population of 32,678.", "Q155458": "Staying Alive is a 1983 American dance musical film starring John Travolta as dancer Tony Manero, with Cynthia Rhodes, Finola Hughes, Joyce Hyser, Julie Bovasso, and dancers Viktor Manoel and Kevyn Morrow. It is a sequel to Saturday Night Fever (1977). The film was directed by Sylvester Stallone, who also co-produced and co-wrote the film with the original Saturday Night Fever producer and writer, Robert Stigwood and Norman Wexler, respectively. Along with Homefront, this is one of only two films which Stallone wrote without being the star (although he does have a cameo appearance). The choreography was done by Dennon and Sayhber Rawles.\nThe title of the film comes from the Bee Gees song of the same name, which was used as the theme song to Saturday Night Fever and is also played during the final scene of Staying Alive. The title also reflects Tony's circumstances at the film's beginning, in which he is barely surviving as he pursues his dream of making his dancing career.\nUnlike Saturday Night Fever, Staying Alive was not as critically acclaimed and holds a score of 0% on Rotten Tomatoes. Nonetheless, it was a box office success, earning $65 million on a $22 million budget. It also featured Sylvester Stallone's young brother Frank's big hit \"Far from Over\", which peaked at #10 on the Billboard Hot 100 and the Cashbox charts.", "Q362258": "Vitaly Vladasovich Grachev (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0451\u0432; born 19 February 1979), known professionally as Vitas (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0441, IPA: [\u02c8v\u02b2it\u0259s]), is a Russian-language singer. He is known for his unique falsetto which he displays when performing his \"turkey call\" in \"The 7th Element\" and his trademark falsetto choruses. His eclectic musical style incorporates elements of techno, dance, classical, jazz, and folk music. His song \"Opera #2\" and the music video for \"The 7th Element\" became popular on various social networks, accounting for much of his worldwide recognition.\nVitas designs his own stage costumes. DIVA (\u0414\u0418\u0412\u0410) is the name of the band that accompanies Vitas during his concerts. He has achieved notability through Russian television, and since 2005 his career has advanced into Asian markets.He has sung with entertainment labels such as Universal, which distributes his music in Taiwan, and he has toured extensively in China and several other countries.", "Q76509": "Karl Theodor Jaspers (; German: [\u02c8ka\u0250\u032fl \u02c8jasp\u0250s]; 23 February 1883 \u2013 26 February 1969) was a German-Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher who had a strong influence on modern theology, psychiatry, and philosophy. After being trained in and practicing psychiatry, Jaspers turned to philosophical inquiry and attempted to discover an innovative philosophical system. He was often viewed as a major exponent of existentialism in Germany, though he did not accept the label.", "Q751465": "Pier Antonio Quarantotti Gambini (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8pj\u025br an\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0njo kwaran\u02c8t\u0254tti \u0261am\u02c8bi\u02d0ni]; February 23, 1910 \u2013 April 22, 1965) was an Italian writer and journalist, author of novels, poetry, and essays.", "Q69429": "Lengnau is a municipality in the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.\nIt is notable for being one of two villages where residence was permitted for Swiss Jews between 1633 and 1874. Lengnau's synagogue is listed as a heritage site of national significance.", "Q506591": "The Centre Party of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Keskusta, Kesk; Swedish: Centern i Finland) is a centrist, liberal-conservative, agrarian political party in Finland.\nFounded in 1906 as the Agrarian League, the party represented rural communities and supported decentralisation of political power from Helsinki. In the 1920s, the party emerged as the main rival to the Social Democratic Party (SDP), and the party's first prime minister, Ky\u00f6sti Kallio, held the office four times between 1922 and 1937. After World War II, the party settled as one of the four major political parties in Finland, alongside the National Coalition Party, the Social Democrats, and, until the 1980s, the Communist SKDL. Urho Kekkonen served as President of Finland from 1956 to 1982: by far the longest period of any president. The name 'Centre Party' was adopted in 1965, and 'Centre of Finland' in 1988. The Centre Party was the largest party in Parliament from 2003 to 2011, during which time Matti Vanhanen was prime minister for seven years. Following the 2011 election, the party was reduced in parliamentary representation from the largest party to the fourth largest, but in 2015 it reclaimed its status as the largest party. In 2019, it suffered a considerable defeat, losing 18 of 49 seats.\nAs a Nordic agrarian party, the Centre Party's political influence is greatest in small and rural municipalities, where it often holds a majority of the seats in the municipal councils. Decentralisation is the policy that is most characteristic of the Centre Party. The Centre has been the ruling party in Finland a number of times since Finnish independence. 12 of the Prime Ministers of Finland, three of the Presidents and a former European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs have been from the party. The Finnish Centre Party is the mother organisation of Finnish Centre Youth, Finnish Centre Students, and Finnish Centre Women.\nIt is now one of the five largest political parties in the country, along with the National Coalition Party, the SDP, the Green League and the Finns Party. It has 31 seats in the Finnish Parliament. The Centre Party chairman is Katri Kulmuni, who was elected in September 2019 to follow Juha Sipil\u00e4, the former Prime Minister of Finland.", "Q739915": "Francis \"Fran\" Healy (born 23 July 1973) is a British musician. He is the lead singer and lyricist of the band Travis, having written nearly all of the songs on their first six studio albums, with the 7th and 8th being more of a co-written work. He is based in Berlin. Healy released his debut solo album titled Wreckorder in October 2010, which featured Paul McCartney on bass.", "Q645362": "Andrew Solomon (born October 30, 1963) is a writer on politics, culture and psychology, who lives in New York City and London. He has written for The New York Times, The New Yorker, Artforum, Travel and Leisure, and other publications on a range of subjects, including depression, Soviet artists, the cultural rebirth of Afghanistan, Libyan politics, and deaf politics.Solomon's book The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of Depression won the 2001 National Book Award, was a finalist for the 2002 Pulitzer Prize, and was included in The Times list of one hundred best books of the decade. Honors awarded to Far from the Tree: Parents, Children, and the Search for Identity include the 2012 National Book Critics Circle Award, the Media for a Just Society Award of the National Council on Crime and Delinquency, the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award, the Dayton Literary Peace Prize, the J. Anthony Lukas Book Prize, and the Wellcome Book Prize.Solomon is a Professor of Clinical Psychology at Columbia University Medical Center, and a past President of PEN American Center.\n\n", "Q18280472": "Yuzhnoye (Cherbuzinskoye) Cemetery (Russian: \u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435) is a cemetery in the Sovetsky City District of Novosibirsk, Russia.", "Q381128": "Benjamin Vulliamy (1747 \u2013 31 December 1811), was a clockmaker responsible for building the Regulator Clock, which, between 1780 and 1884, was the official regulator of time in London.\n\n", "Q68904": "Ropraz is a municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q77824": "Emanuel Hirsch (14 June 1888 in Bentwisch, Province of Brandenburg \u2013 17 July 1972 in G\u00f6ttingen) was a German Protestant theologian and also a member of the Nazi Party and the Nazi supporting body. He escaped denazification at the end of the war by quitting his professorship, allegedly for health reasons, losing the pension from his University.Hirsch studied at the Humboldt University of Berlin where his teachers were Karl Holl and Adolf von Harnack. He earned his PhD with the thesis Fichte's Philosophy of Religion in the context of his overall philosophical development (in German: Fichtes Religionsphilosophie im Rahmen der philosophischen Gesamtentwicklung Fichtes). Hirsch was a member of the Wingolf student fraternity.\nHe was a professor at G\u00f6ttingen University (1921\u20131945). Shortly after the Nazi seizure of power he wrote:\n\nNo other people of the world has a statesman who is so serious about Christendom; when Adolf Hitler concluded his great speech on May 1st with a prayer everybody could feel the wonderful candor therein.\nIn 1933 Hirsch signed the [Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State]].\nEmanuel Hirsch joined the NSDAP in 1937 and also became a Patron Member of the SS and joined the National Socialist People's Welfare. Hirsch was a leader of the German Christians and an advisor of Reich Bishop Ludwig M\u00fcller.", "Q135347": "Bird on a Wire is a 1990 American action comedy film directed by John Badham and starring Mel Gibson and Goldie Hawn. It was shot mainly in British Columbia, Canada. The title refers to the Leonard Cohen song \"Bird on the Wire\". The alley motorcycle chase scene was filmed in Victoria's Chinatown, in Fan Tan Alley.", "Q2351138": "The Alliance of Democrats (Polish: Stronnictwo Demokratyczne, SD) is a Polish centrist party. The party faced a revival in 2009, when it was joined by liberal politician Pawe\u0142 Piskorski, formerly a member of Civic Platform.", "Q190089": "John Duns (c.\u20091266 \u2013 8 November 1308), commonly called Duns Scotus ( SKOH-t\u0259s, Ecclesiastical Latin: [duns \u02c8skotus]; \"Duns the Scot\"), was a Scottish Catholic priest and Franciscan friar, university professor, philosopher, and theologian. He is one of the three most important philosopher-theologians of Western Europe in the High Middle Ages, together with Thomas Aquinas and William of Ockham. Scotus has had considerable influence on both Catholic and secular thought. The doctrines for which he is best known are the \"univocity of being\", that existence is the most abstract concept we have, applicable to everything that exists; the formal distinction, a way of distinguishing between different aspects of the same thing; and the idea of haecceity, the property supposed to be in each individual thing that makes it an individual. Scotus also developed a complex argument for the existence of God, and argued for the Immaculate Conception of Mary.\nDuns Scotus was given the scholastic accolade Doctor Subtilis (\"the Subtle Doctor\") for his penetrating and subtle manner of thought. He was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1993.", "Q487070": "Dessau is a town and former municipality in Germany on the junction of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland (Federal State) of Saxony-Anhalt. Since 1 July 2007, it has been part of the newly created municipality of Dessau-Ro\u00dflau. Population of Dessau proper: 77,973 (June 2006).", "Q945974": "Louis-Marie Prudhomme, (1752, Lyon, France - April 20, 1830, Paris, France) was a French journalist and historian.\nA bookseller in Lyon, then in Paris, Prudhomme settled in Meaux as a bookbinder. He returned in Paris, and was stopped several times for his writings: between 1787 and 1789, he is thought to have written about 1,500 lampoons. Among them, ''R\u00e9sum\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, ou Extrait des cahiers de pouvoirs, instructions, demandes ou dol\u00e9ances remis par divers bailliages, s\u00e9n\u00e9chauss\u00e9es et pays d\u2019\u00c9tat du royaume, written in collaboration with Laurent de Mezi\u00e8res and Jean Rousseau (fr) and published in three volumes in 1789, which was seized by the police.\nFrom July 12, 1789 to February 28, 1794, he published a newspaper, R\u00e9volutions de Paris (fr) (\"Revolutions of Paris\"), whose principal writer was \u00c9lis\u00e9e Loustallot (fr), with Sylvain Mar\u00e9chal, Pierre Gaspard Chaumette and Fabre d'\u00c9glantine, and which was a great success. At times imprisoned as a royalist, in June 1793, he moved away from Paris and the political life.\nIn 1796 he published a two-volume work that was a list of all persons known to him who were sent to death during the Reign of Terror.\nIn 1797, he published l\u2019Histoire g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et impartiale des erreurs, des fautes et des crimes commis pendant la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise (6 volumes), work seized by the police. Then, from June\u2013October 1799, he published 105 issues of a daily newspaper, le Voyageur.\nIn 1799, Prudhomme became director of the hospitals of Paris, but continued to work as a printer, publisher, and writer-compiler. Hostile to the First French Empire, he welcomed the Bourbon Restoration and in 1825 published L\u2019Europe tourment\u00e9e par la R\u00e9volution de France, \u00e9branl\u00e9e par dix-huit ann\u00e9es de promenades meurtri\u00e8res de Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte, in two volumes. In the year of his death he published a two-volume dictionary of biographies of famous women.", "Q2242150": "Blackpool is a British television musical drama serial, produced in-house by the BBC, that first broadcast on BBC One on 11 November 2004. Starring David Morrissey, Sarah Parish and David Tennant, the serial was written by Peter Bowker, who had previously written for BBC One's modern adaptation of The Canterbury Tales and BBC Two's Flesh and Blood, and directed by Coky Giedroyc and Julie Anne Robinson. The series was filmed on location in Brentford and Blackpool itself, and broadcast across six weeks at 9:00 pm on Thursdays, until 16 December 2004.\nThe plot concerns the murder of a young man in a Blackpool arcade, and how it affects the people involved in the arcade and the investigation. As the investigation proceeds, it takes its toll on the characters; Ripley (Morrissey), under suspicion of murder, finds his public and private life slowly unravelling as both his bullying nature and long-forgotten demons from his past return to haunt him, whilst Carlisle (Tennant), intent on proving Ripley is the murderer and planning to use Natalie (Parish) to get to him, finds himself genuinely falling in love with her instead.\nThe series also starred Kevin Doyle, John Thomson, Georgia Taylor and Steve Pemberton in supporting roles. For its broadcast on BBC America in 2005, the series was renamed Viva Blackpool. Subsequently, as a result of its broadcast in the United States, the series went on to win a Peabody Award for BBC Worldwide, the commercial overseas distribution subsidiary of the BBC. In 2006, a feature-length sequel to the original, also known as Viva Blackpool, broadcast on BBC One.", "Q123525": "George de Mestral (June 19, 1907 \u2013 February 8, 1990) was a Swiss electrical engineer who invented the hook and loop fastener which he named Velcro.", "Q294531": "Neil Leslie Diamond (born January 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and actor. He has sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling musicians of all time. He has had ten No. 1 singles on the Hot 100 and Adult Contemporary charts: \"Cracklin' Rosie\", \"Song Sung Blue\", \"Longfellow Serenade\", \"I've Been This Way Before\", \"If You Know What I Mean\", \"Desir\u00e9e\", \"You Don't Bring Me Flowers\", \"America\", \"Yesterday's Songs\", and \"Heartlight\". 38 songs by Diamond have featured in the Top 10 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary charts.\nDiamond was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1984 and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2011, and he received the Sammy Cahn Lifetime Achievement Award in 2000. In 2011, he was an honoree at the Kennedy Center Honors, and he received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018.", "Q472589": "Jaime Jos\u00e9 de Matos da Gama, GCC, GCIH, GCL (born 8 June 1947) is a Portuguese former politician. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Portugal from 1983 to 1985 and again from 1995 to 2002, and he was President of the Assembly of the Republic from 2005 to 2011. Since leaving politics, he has worked as Senior Strategic Counsel at the Albright Stonebridge Group, a global strategy and business advisory firm, and as Chairman of the bank Novo Banco dos A\u00e7ores.", "Q861168": "Ardavan Farhad Moshiri (Persian: \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627\u062f \ufee3\ufeb8\ufef4\ufeae\u0649\u200e; born 18 May 1955) is a British-Iranian businessman and investor who resides in Monaco. Moshiri owns and has shares in numerous steel and energy companies in the UK and Russia, as well as a 77.2% stake in Everton F.C.", "Q2413622": "The End Records is a record label in Manhattan that specializes in rock, heavy metal, indie, and electronic music.", "Q983847": "Dmitry Yevgenyevich Rybolovlev (Russian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u044b\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432; Russian pronunciation: [\u02c8dm\u02b2itr\u02b2\u026aj \u026av\u02c8\u0261\u02b2en\u02b2j\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 r\u0268b\u0250\u02c8\u026bovl\u02b2\u026af]; born 22 November 1966) is a Russian businessman and investor. Rybolovlev owned the potash producer Uralkali and, in 2011, became the President of Monaco's football club AS Monaco. He has two daughters, Ekaterina and Anna Rybolovleva.As of April 2019, Rybolovlev is ranked 224th on Forbes's list of billionaires with a net worth of $6.8 billion. He is one of the alleged victims of Swiss art transporter Yves Bouvier as part of The Bouvier Affair.", "Q753299": "The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) is a learned society and charity that encourages and promotes the study of astronomy, solar-system science, geophysics and closely related branches of science. Its headquarters are in Burlington House, on Piccadilly in London. The society has over 4,000 members (\"Fellows\"), most of them professional researchers or postgraduate students. Around a quarter of Fellows live outside the UK.The society holds monthly scientific meetings in London, and the annual National Astronomy Meeting at varying locations in the British Isles. The RAS publishes the scientific journals Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society and Geophysical Journal International, along with the trade magazine Astronomy & Geophysics.\nThe RAS maintains an astronomy research library, engages in public outreach and advises the UK government on astronomy education. The society recognises achievement in astronomy and geophysics by issuing annual awards and prizes, with its highest award being the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. The RAS is the UK adhering organisation to the International Astronomical Union and a member of the UK Science Council.\nThe society was founded in 1820 as the Astronomical Society of London to support astronomical research. At that time, most members were 'gentleman astronomers' rather than professionals. It became the Royal Astronomical Society in 1831 on receiving a Royal Charter from William IV. A Supplemental Charter in 1915 opened up the fellowship to women.", "Q1342372": "A monster movie, creature feature, or giant monster film is a film that focuses on a group of characters struggling to survive attacks by one or more antagonistic monsters, often abnormally large ones. The film may also fall under the horror, comedy, fantasy, or science fiction genres. Monster movies originated with adaptations of horror folklore and literature. Typically, movie monsters differ from more traditional antagonists in that many exist due to circumstances beyond their control; their actions are not entirely based on choice, potentially making them objects of sympathy to film viewers.", "Q639054": "Zhovti Vody (Ukrainian: \u0416\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0456 \u0412\u043e\u0434\u0438 [\u02c8\u0292\u0254u\u032ft\u02b2i \u02c8w\u0254d\u026a]; Russian: \u0416\u0451\u043b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0412\u043e\u0434\u044b [\u02c8\u0290olt\u0268j\u0259 \u02c8vod\u0268]; lit.\u2009''Yellow Waters'') is a town in south-central Ukraine's Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (province). Administratively, it is incorporated within Zhovti Vody municipality as a town of oblast significance, the status equivalent to that of a raion (district). Zhovti Vody is located on the Yellow River (Ukrainian: \u0420\u0456\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0416\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0430) approximately 130 km (81 mi) west of the oblast's administrative center, Dnipro. Population: 47,509\u2009(2013 est.).\nIt is a center for the extraction and processing of uranium ore.\nThe historic Battle of Zhovti Vody was fought on the site of the present-day city.\nThe area has been referred to by the term Zhovti Vody (literally \"yellow waters\") since before the founding of the first village on the site in 1895.", "Q1173103": "Dave Ballou is an American jazz trumpeter.\nBallou took his bachelor's degree at Berklee College of Music in 1986 and his master's degree at the University of New Hampshire in 1991. He played in the Mingus Epitaph band and has worked extensively as a sideman for musicians such as Rabih Abou-Khalil, Andy Biskin, Michael Formanek, Satoko Fujii, Jacob Garchik, Andrew Hill, John Hollenbeck, Sheila Jordan, Oliver Lake, Dave Liebman, Joe Lovano, Denman Maroney, Orange Then Blue, Tom Rainey, Maria Schneider, Michael Jefry Stevens, and Nate Wooley. His first album as a leader was issued in 1998. Ballou is currently associate professor of music at Towson University in Maryland.", "Q212026": "Mira Katherine Sorvino (; born September 28, 1967) is an American actress. She won the Academy Award and Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Woody Allen's Mighty Aphrodite (1995).\nShe also starred in the films Romy and Michele's High School Reunion (1997), Mimic (1997), Lulu on the Bridge (1998), The Replacement Killers (1998), Summer of Sam (1999), and Like Dandelion Dust (2009). She received Golden Globe and Emmy nominations for her role in Norma Jean & Marilyn (1996), and a Golden Globe nomination for her role in Human Trafficking (2005).", "Q242611": "Sarah Lancaster (born February 12, 1980) is an American actress. She is known for her long-running roles as Rachel Meyers in the NBC series Saved by the Bell: The New Class and Ellie Bartowski in the NBC comedy-spy series Chuck, as well as playing Chloe Grefe in Lovers Lane, Madison Kellner on The WB's Everwood, and Marjorie in ABC's TV series What About Brian.", "Q25804": "Trondheim (UK: , US: , Urban East Norwegian: [\u02c8tr\u0254\u0302n(h)\u00e6\u026am] (listen); Southern Sami: Tr\u00e5ante), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem, is a city and municipality in Tr\u00f8ndelag county, Norway. It has a population of 199,039 (27/02/2020), and is the third most populous municipality in Norway, although the fourth largest urban area. Trondheim lies on the south shore of Trondheim Fjord at the mouth of the River Nidelva. The city is dominated by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), the Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research (SINTEF), St. Olavs University Hospital and other technology-oriented institutions.\nThe settlement was founded in 997 as a trading post, and it served as the capital of Norway during the Viking Age until 1217. From 1152 to 1537, the city was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros; since then, it has remained the seat of the Lutheran Diocese of Nidaros and the Nidaros Cathedral. It was incorporated in 1838. The current municipality dates from 1964, when Trondheim merged with Byneset, Leinstrand, Strinda and Tiller.\nThe city functions as the seat of the County Mayor of Tr\u00f8ndelag county, but not as the administrative centre, which is Steinkjer. This is to make the county more efficient and not too centralized, as Tr\u00f8ndelag is the second largest county in Norway.", "Q21051027": "Obersaxen Mundaun is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Obersaxen and Mundaun merged to form the new municipality of Obersaxen Mundaun.", "Q108978": "Peer Kusmagk (born 14 June 1975 in Berlin) is a German actor and television host.", "Q299015": "The Austrian Academy of Sciences (German: \u00d6sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften) is a legal entity under the special protection of the Republic of Austria. According to the statutes of the Academy its mission is to promote the sciences and humanities in every respect and in every field, particularly in fundamental research.", "Q448601": "Martha Cooper is an American photojournalist born in the 1940s in Baltimore, Maryland. She worked as a staff photographer for the New York Post during the 1970s. She is best known for documenting the New York City graffiti scene of the 1970s and 1980s.In 1984, Cooper and Henry Chalfant published their photographs of New York City graffiti in the book Subway Art, which has been called the graffiti bible and by 2009 had sold half a million copies.", "Q1848933": "One Little Indian Records is an English independent record label. It was set up in 1985 by members of various anarcho-punk bands, and managed by former Flux of Pink Indians bassist Derek Birkett. In the 1990s it set up a number of subsidiary labels.", "Q225852": "Donn Alan Pennebaker (; July 15, 1925 \u2013 August 1, 2019) (often credited as D.A. Pennebaker) was an American documentary filmmaker and one of the pioneers of direct cinema. Performing arts and politics were his primary subjects. In 2013, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences recognized his body of work with an Academy Honorary Award or \"lifetime Oscar\".Pennebaker has been described as \"arguably the pre-eminent chronicler of Sixties counterculture\".\n\n", "Q1102922": "J\u00f8rn Stubberud (born 13 April 1968) is a Norwegian musician best known as the bassist in the black metal band Mayhem under the stage name Necrobutcher. He is one of Mayhem's founding members, along with Euronymous, Manheim and Messiah. He is the band's only remaining original member, as Messiah and Manheim left Mayhem, respectively, in 1986 and 1988, and Euronymous was murdered in 1993. He has also played in other bands, including L.E.G.O., Kvikks\u00f8lvguttene, Bloodthorn (guest artist), and Checker Patrol.", "Q939471": "J\u00falia Malvina Hailliot Tavares (or Malvina Tavares ; Encruzilhada do Sul, 24 November 1866 \u2014 Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 16 October 1939) was one of the most active Brazilian militant anarchists, as well as a poet and a pioneer of modern education in southern Brazil. She was responsible for the creation of a secular school, the \"Modern School of Francisco Ferrer\", in the municipality of S\u00e3o Gabriel do Lajeado, which educated generations of libertarians.Tavares was the daughter of Fran\u00e7ois de Lalemode Hailliot and Henriette Souleaux Hailliot, immigrant Frenchmen who came to Brazil in the mid-19th century. In her diary, she refers to the fact that her mother was born in a castle in Bordeaux implying a possible aristocratic origin of her mother's family. In the late 1880s, Tavares was sent to the Brazilian capital to study teaching at the Normal School of Porto Alegre. She studied with another future libertarian pedagogue Ana Amaral Lisboa Aurora. In 1890, she married the Portuguese trader, Jos\u00e9 Joaquim Tavares. In 1898, Tavares and her husband moved to Encruzilhada do Sul, and two years later, they moved to S\u00e3o Gabriel da Estrela.Despite adversity, Tavares persisted in her role as a teacher, taking herself with educating rural children. As a teacher, she abolished corporal punishment to learners, very common at the time, and went on to innovate in educational methods, abolishing religious education, and adopting revolutionary proposals by the anarchist Catalan educator, Francesc Ferrer i Gu\u00e0rdia.", "Q734564": "Shamsur Rahman (Bengali: \u09b6\u09be\u09ae\u09b8\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a8; 23 October 1929 \u2013 17 August 2006) was a Bangladeshi poet, columnist and journalist. A prolific writer, Rahman produced more than sixty books of poetry collection and is considered a key figure in Bengali literature from the latter half of the 20th century. He was regarded as the unofficial poet laureate of Bangladesh. Major themes in his poetry and writings include liberal humanism, human relations, romanticised rebellion of youth, the emergence of and consequent events in Bangladesh, and opposition to religious fundamentalism.", "Q9205": "Khmer (natively \u1797\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a phi\u0103saa khmae Khmer pronunciation: [p\u02b0i\u0259.\u02c8sa\u02d0 k\u02b0mae], dialectal khm\u00e6 or khm\u025b\u025br, or more formally \u1781\u17c1\u1798\u179a\u1797\u17b6\u179f\u17b6 kheema\u02bera\u02be phi\u0103saa Khmer pronunciation: [k\u02b0e\u02d0.ma\u0294.ra\u0294 p\u02b0i\u0259.\u02c8sa\u02d0]) is the language of the Khmer people and the official language of Cambodia. With approximately 16 million speakers, it is the second most widely spoken Austroasiatic language (after Vietnamese). Khmer has been influenced considerably by Sanskrit and Pali, especially in the royal and religious registers, through Hinduism and Buddhism. The more colloquial registers have influenced, and have been influenced by, Thai, Lao, Vietnamese, and Cham, all of which, due to geographical proximity and long-term cultural contact, form a sprachbund in peninsular Southeast Asia. It is also the earliest recorded and earliest written language of the Mon\u2013Khmer family, predating Mon and by a significant margin Vietnamese, due to Old Khmer being the language of the historical empires of Chenla, Angkor and, presumably, their earlier predecessor state, Funan.\nThe vast majority of Khmer speakers speak Central Khmer, the dialect of the central plain where the Khmer are most heavily concentrated. Within Cambodia, regional accents exist in remote areas but these are regarded as varieties of Central Khmer. Two exceptions are the speech of the capital, Phnom Penh, and that of the Khmer Khe in Stung Treng province, both of which differ sufficiently enough from Central Khmer to be considered separate dialects of Khmer. Outside of Cambodia, three distinct dialects are spoken by ethnic Khmers native to areas that were historically part of the Khmer Empire. The Northern Khmer dialect is spoken by over a million Khmers in the southern regions of Northeast Thailand and is treated by some linguists as a separate language. Khmer Krom, or Southern Khmer, is the first language of the Khmer of Vietnam while the Khmer living in the remote Cardamom mountains speak a very conservative dialect that still displays features of the Middle Khmer language.\n\nKhmer is primarily an analytic, isolating language. There are no inflections, conjugations or case endings. Instead, particles and auxiliary words are used to indicate grammatical relationships. General word order is subject\u2013verb\u2013object, and modifiers follow the word they modify. Classifiers appear after numbers when used to count nouns, though not always so consistently as in languages like Chinese. In spoken Khmer, topic-comment structure is common and the perceived social relation between participants determines which sets of vocabulary, such as pronouns and honorifics, are proper.Khmer differs from neighboring languages such as Thai, Burmese, Lao and Vietnamese in that it is not a tonal language. Words are stressed on the final syllable, hence many words conform to the typical Mon\u2013Khmer pattern of a stressed syllable preceded by a minor syllable. The language has been written in the Khmer script, an abugida descended from the Brahmi script via the southern Indian Pallava script, since at least the seventh century. The script's form and use has evolved over the centuries; its modern features include subscripted versions of consonants used to write clusters and a division of consonants into two series with different inherent vowels. Approximately 79% of Cambodians are able to read Khmer.", "Q129008": "Manuel Arturo Odr\u00eda Amoretti (26 November 1896 \u2013 18 February 1974) was a military officer who served as the 34th President of Peru, essentially ruling as a military dictator.\nManuel Odr\u00eda was born in 1896 in Tarma, a city in the central Andes just east of Lima. He graduated first in his class from the Chorillos Military Academy in 1915. He joined the army and as a Lieutenant Colonel was a war hero in the 1941 Ecuadorian-Peruvian war. He soon achieved the rank of Major General.\nIn 1945, Jos\u00e9 Bustamante had attained the presidency with the help of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA). Soon, major disagreements arose between V\u00edctor Ra\u00fal Haya de la Torre, the founder of APRA, and President Bustamante. The President disbanded his Aprista cabinet and replaced it with a mostly military one. Odr\u00eda, a fierce opponent of APRA, was appointed Minister of Government and Police. In 1948, Odr\u00eda and other right-wing elements urged Bustamante to ban APRA. When the President refused, Odr\u00eda resigned his post. On October 27, 1948, he led a successful military coup against the government and took over as president. After two years, he resigned and had one of his colleagues, Zen\u00f3n Noriega, take office as a puppet president so he could run for president as a civilian. He was duly elected a month later as the only candidate.\nOdr\u00eda came down hard on APRA, momentarily pleasing the oligarchy and all others on the right. Like Juan Per\u00f3n, he followed a populist course that won him great favor with the poor and lower classes. A thriving economy allowed him to indulge in expensive but crowd-pleasing social policies. At the same time, however, civil rights in the nation were severely restricted and corruption was rampant throughout his r\u00e9gime. People feared that his dictatorship would run indefinitely; they were surprised when Odr\u00eda legalized opposition parties in 1956 and called fresh elections. He did not run for office. He was succeeded by a former president, Manuel Prado.\nWhen national elections were held again in 1962, Odr\u00eda ran as a right-wing candidate for the Uni\u00f3n Nacional Odriista party. None of the three major candidates - Odr\u00eda, Haya de la Torre and Fernando Bela\u00fande - received the required one third of the vote to win with a plurality. It appeared that Odr\u00eda would win the Presidency in Congress, after having made a deal with Haya de la Torre, but a military coup removed President Prado from office a few days before his term ended. Elections were held again in 1963, with the same three major candidates. This time Bela\u00fande won with 39% of the vote.During the Bela\u00fande administration, Odr\u00eda made an alliance with Haya de la Torre to create a single opposition block in Parliament, which became known as the APRA-UNO Coalition. As a political force, they managed to create strong parliamentary opposition to President Bela\u00fande, who was forced to make important concessions to the Coalition in order to get most of his party-sponsored legislation enacted. The Coalition suffered a setback after losing the elections for mayor in the capital, Lima.\nAfter the military coup that overthrew Bela\u00fande in 1968, Odr\u00eda kept a low profile in Peruvian politics until his death in 1974.", "Q356670": "Kazys Grinius ([k\u0250\u02c8z\u02b2i\u02d0s \u02c8\u0261\u02b2r\u02b2\u026an\u02b2\u028as] (listen), 17 December 1866 \u2013 4 June 1950) was the third President of Lithuania, and held that office from 7 June 1926 to 17 December 1926.Grinius was born in Selema, near Marijampol\u0117, in the August\u00f3w Governorate of Congress Poland, a part of the Russian Empire (present-day Lithuania). He studied medicine at the University of Moscow and became a physician. As a young man, he became involved in Lithuanian political activities, and was persecuted by the Tsarist authorities. In 1896, he was one of the founders of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania (LSDP).\nThat same year he married Joana Pavalkyt\u0117. For some time they lived in Virbalis. In 1899, their son Kazys was born, and in 1902, their daughter Gra\u017eina was born. During World War I they lived in Kislovodsk. In 1918, during a Red Army attack his wife and daughter were killed. They were buried in Kislovodsk cemetery.\nWhen Lithuania regained its independence in 1918, Grinius became a member of the National Assembly as a member of the Peasant Populist Party. He served as Prime Minister from 1920 until 1922, and signed a treaty with the Soviet Union. He was elected President by the Third Seimas, but served for only six months, as he was deposed in a coup led by Antanas Smetona, under the pretext that there was an imminent communist plot to take over Lithuania. (Smetona took the Presidency after two others held the office for less than a day each.)\nWhen Nazi Germany invaded Lithuania in 1941, Grinius refused to collaborate with the Germans because of his opposition to the occupation of Lithuania by any foreign power. He fled to the West, when the Soviet army reoccupied Lithuania in 1944, and emigrated to the United States in 1947.He died in Chicago, Illinois in 1950. After Lithuania regained its independence in 1990, his remains were returned and buried there.\n\n", "Q863019": "Billy Bland (April 5, 1932, Wilmington, North Carolina \u2013 March 22, 2017, New York City) was an American R&B singer and songwriter.\n\n", "Q96416": "Moritz Karl Wilhelm Anton Graf von Strachwitz (13 March 1822 \u2013 11 December 1847) was a German lyric poet.\nStrachwitz was born in Peterwitz, Silesia (today Stoszowice Poland). After studying in Breslau and Berlin he settled on his estate in Moravia, where he devoted himself to literary pursuits. When travelling in Italy in 1847 he was taken ill in Venice, and died in Vienna. Although he had thus only reached his twenty-fifth year, he revealed a lyric genius of remarkable force and originality.His first collection of poems, Lieder eines Erwachenden (Songs of an Awakening) appeared in 1842 and went through several editions. Neue Gedichte (New Poems) were published after his death in 1848. These poems are characteristic of the transition through which the German lyric was passing between 1840 and 1848; the old Romantic strain is still dominant, especially in his ballads, which are unquestionably his finest productions; but, side by side with it, there is to be seen the influence of Platen, to whose warmest admirers Strachwitz belonged, as well as echoes of the restless political spirit of those eventful years. His political lyric was, however, tempered by an aristocratic restraint which was absent from the writings of men like Herwegh and Freiligrath. Strachwitz's early death in Vienna was a great loss to German letters; for he was by far the most promising of the younger lyric poets of his time.", "Q89536": "Roland Kickinger (born March 30, 1968) is an Austrian bodybuilder and actor from Vienna. Standing 6-feet-4-inches-tall (1,93 m) and weighing from 250-300 pounds (113 to 136 kg), he has appeared in numerous bodybuilding competitions, fitness magazines and training videos.\nIn his acting career, Kickinger is perhaps best known for his regular role as Chip Rommel in the television series Son of the Beach. He also played the young version of fellow Austrian-American, Arnold Schwarzenegger, in the 2005 TV movie See Arnold Run, which later led to him appearing in the 2009 film Terminator Salvation as a prototype of the T-800 (with Schwarzenegger's likeness digitally applied over his own). He also had minor roles in the films Street Warrior and Disaster Movie, both released in 2008.", "Q167401": "Elizabeth of Luxembourg (7 October 1409 \u2013 19 December 1442) was queen consort of Germany, Hungary and Bohemia.\nThe only child of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, King of Hungary and Bohemia, Elizabeth was expected to ascend his thrones along with her husband, Albert of Austria. Her rights were ignored by the Hungarian nobility when Sigismund died in 1437 and only her husband was accepted as monarch, with Elizabeth as mere consort.\nAlbert died in 1439, leaving Elizabeth a pregnant dowager with two daughters, Anne and Elizabeth. Bohemian nobility proclaimed an interregnum, while King Vladislaus III of Poland was crowned new king of Hungary in May 1440, three months after Queen Elizabeth delivered a son, Ladislaus the Posthumous. She was determined to contend for her patrimony on her son's behalf, which led to a civil war between hers and Vladislaus' supporters. The conflict ended with the queen's death at the age of 33. Vladislaus himself died in battle in 1444, opening the path for Elizabeth's son to be recognized as king of Hungary.", "Q91379": "C\u00e4sar R\u00fcstow (June 18, 1826, Brandenburg an der Havel \u2013 July 4, 1866) was a Prussian soldier and military writer.\nThe brother of Wilhelm R\u00fcstow and Alexander R\u00fcstow, C\u00e4sar R\u00fcstow was one of the foremost experts of his time in the design and construction of military rifles, and the writer of several treatises on that subject, notably Die Kriegshandfeuerwaffen (Berlin, 1857\u201364). Both Alexander and C\u00e4sar fell on the field of battle in the war of 1866, C\u00e4sar at the Battle of Dermbach. He was the grandfather of the sociologist Alexander R\u00fcstow.", "Q2974556": "City College of San Francisco (CCSF or City College) is a public community college in San Francisco, California. Founded as a junior college in 1935, the college plays an important local role, annually enrolling as many as one in nine San Francisco residents. CCSF is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (ACCJC).\nComprising the entire San Francisco Community College District, CCSF is the only community college in San Francisco. The Ocean Avenue campus, bordering the Sunnyside, Westwood Park and Ingleside neighborhoods, is the college's largest location. The college has other campuses in South San Francisco, Financial District, Little Saigon, South of Market, Bayview-Hunters Point, Marina District, North of Panhandle, and Mission District.\nCCSF offers courses in more than 50 academic programs and over 100 occupational disciplines. There is a wide selection of credit courses that lead to an associate degree, which can be used to meet the general education requirements for transfer to four-year institutions. City College of San Francisco has articulation agreements with the California State University system, the University of California system, and other private and public universities in California and across the United States. Free non-credit courses in subjects such as ESL and citizenship as well as adult education classes are also provided.", "Q86605": "Dan Morgenstern (born October 24, 1929) is a jazz writer, editor, archivist, and producer. He is the son of the German-language Jewish author Soma Morgenstern.\nMorgenstern was raised in Vienna and Copenhagen and arrived in the United States in 1947. He wrote for Jazz Journal from 1958 to 1961, then edited several jazz magazines: Metronome in 1961, Jazz from 1962 to 1963, and Down Beat from 1967 to 1973. In 1976, he was named director of Rutgers\u2013Newark's Institute of Jazz Studies, where he continued the work of Marshall Stearns and made the Institute the world's largest collection of jazz documents, recordings, and memorabilia.Over the course of his career, Morgenstern has arranged concerts (including the Jazz in the Garden series at the Museum of Modern Art); produced and hosted television and radio programs; taught jazz history at universities and conservatories; and served as a panelist for jazz festivals and awards across the U.S. and Europe.\nMorgenstern is widely known as a prolific writer of comprehensive, authoritative liner notes, a sideline that has garnered him eight Grammy Awards for Best Album Notes since 1973.Morgenstern is the author of two books: Jazz People (1976); and Living with Jazz (2004), a reader edited by Sheldon Meyer (1926-2006) . Both were winners of ASCAP's Deems Taylor Award.In 2007, Morgenstern received the A.B. Spellman Jazz Masters Award for Jazz Advocacy from the National Endowment for the Arts.\n\n", "Q358885": "Maximilian Alexandrovich Kirienko-Voloshin (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e-\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0448\u0438\u043d), commonly known as Max Voloshin (May 28, 1877 \u2013 November 8, 1932), was a Russian poet. He was one of the significant representatives of the Symbolist movement in Russian culture and literature. He became famous as a poet and a critic of literature and the arts, being published in many contemporary magazines of the early 20th century, including Vesy, Zolotoye runo ('The Golden Fleece'), and Apollon. He was known for his brilliant translations of a number of French poetic and prose works into Russian.", "Q110851": "Sebastian Droste (born Will\u00ff Knobloch; 2 February 1898 \u2013 27 June 1927) was a German poet, actor, and dancer associated with the underground art subculture of the Weimar Republic in the 1920s. \nDroste relocated from his hometown of Hamburg to Berlin in 1919. He earned a living as a naked dancer, choreographer and expressionist poet. His first poem appeared in Der Sturm that same year, and a further 15 poems and \u2018grotesques\u2019 of his were published in the journal between then and 1923.\nIn 1922, Droste married expressionist exotic dancer and actress in silent movies of the Berlin scene, Anita Berber. She and Droste performed fantasias with titles such as \"Suicide,\" \"Morphium,\" and \"Mad House\". Droste appeared as a dancer in the silent movie Algol.\nIn 1923, Droste and Berber jointly published a book of poetry, photographs, and drawings called Die T\u00e4nze des Lasters, des Grauens und der Ekstase (Dances of Vice, Horror, and Ecstasy), based on their performance of the same name. Full of expressionist imagery, the book offered a glimpse into the angst and cynicism shadowing their artistic and personal existences. Their marriage ended in 1923.\nIn 1925, Droste met with photographer Francis Brugui\u00e8re in New York City where he styled himself as Baron Willy Sebastian Knobloch Droste. Together they composed over 60 photographs for a proposed expressionist film starring Drost tentatively titled The Way. UFA GmbH rejected the proposal and the photographs were instead published as part of a photographic journal in Die Dame in July 1925.\nDroste was diagnosed with tuberculosis in early 1927. He returned to his parents' home in Hamburg, where he died on June 27 of the same year.", "Q1334582": "The University of Li\u00e8ge (French: Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge), or ULi\u00e8ge, is a major public university of the French Community of Belgium based in Li\u00e8ge, Wallonia, Belgium. Its official language is French. As of 2016, ULi\u00e8ge is ranked in the #251\u2013300 category worldwide according to Times Higher Education, 265nd by QS World University Rankings, and between the 205th and 300th place by the Academic Ranking of World Universities. More than 2000 people, academics, scientists and technicians, are involved in research of a wide variety of subjects from basic research to applied research.", "Q138105": "Fran\u00e7ois \u00c9tienne de Kellermann, 2nd Duc de Valmy (4 August 1770 \u2013 2 June 1835) was a French cavalry general noted for his daring and skillful exploits during the Napoleonic Wars. He was the son of Fran\u00e7ois Christophe de Kellermann and the father of the diplomat Fran\u00e7ois Christophe Edmond de Kellermann.", "Q90067": "Anna Thalbach (born 1 June 1973) is a German actress. Her mother Katharina Thalbach is also an actress.\nIn 2002, she was in Alexander Pfeuffer's short film Breakfast?.", "Q88628": "Dr. Max Kramer (8 September 1903 in Cologne, Germany \u2013 June 1986 in Pacific Palisades, California) was a German scientist who worked for the Ruhrstahl AG steel and armaments corporation. He was responsible for the construction of the Fritz X and the Ruhrstahl X-4 missiles (1943-1945), among others.", "Q75955": "Richard Jaeger (16 February 1913 \u2013 15 May 1998) was a German politician of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. Under Ludwig Erhard's second ministry, he was Minister of Justice (26 October 1965 \u2013 1 December 1966).\nFrom 1933, Jaeger was a member of Hitler's paramilitary organization, the Sturmabteilung (SA). From 1949 to 1980 Jaeger was a member of German Bundestag. From 1972 to 1974, Jaeger was President of the European Documentation and Information Centre (CEDI).He was married and had six children.", "Q233956": "Dame Muriel Sarah Spark DBE, CLit, FRSE, FRSL (n\u00e9e Camberg; 1 February 1918 \u2013 13 April 2006) was a Scottish novelist, short story writer, poet and essayist.", "Q54743": "Alings\u00e5s (Swedish pronunciation: [al\u026a\u014b\u02c8so\u02d0s] (listen)) is a locality and the seat of Alings\u00e5s Municipality in V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland County, Sweden. It had 24,482 inhabitants in 2010.", "Q1699795": "John Dendahl (September 28, 1938 \u2013 November 9, 2013) was a New Mexico business executive, Republican politician, and syndicated columnist. While attending the University of Colorado, he led two NCAA champion skiing teams, won three individual NCAA titles and was a member of the U.S. ski team at the 1960 Winter Olympics. He was inducted into the University of Colorado Athletic Hall of Fame and the New Mexico Ski Hall of Fame.", "Q147909": "The Kingdom of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, Tsarstvo B\u01celgariya), also referred to as the Tsardom of Bulgaria and the Third Bulgarian Tsardom, was a constitutional monarchy in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, which was established on 5 October (O.S. 22 September) 1908, when the Bulgarian state was raised from a principality to a kingdom. Ferdinand I was crowned a Tsar at the Declaration of Independence, mainly because of his military plans and for seeking options for unification of all lands in the Balkans region with an ethnic Bulgarian majority (lands that had been seized from Bulgaria and given to the Ottoman Empire in the Treaty of Berlin).\nThe state was almost constantly at war throughout its existence, lending to its nickname as \"the Balkan Prussia\". For several years Bulgaria mobilized an army of more than 1 million people from its population of about 5 million and in the 1910s it engaged in three wars \u2013 the First and Second Balkan Wars, and the First World War. Following the First World War, the Bulgarian army was disbanded and forbidden to exist by the Allied Powers, and all plans for national unification of the Bulgarian lands failed. Less than two decades later Bulgaria once again went to war for national unification as part of the Second World War, and once again found itself on the losing side, until it switched sides to the Allies in 1944. In 1946, the monarchy was abolished, its final Tsar was sent into exile and the Kingdom was replaced by the People's Republic of Bulgaria.\n\n", "Q1818862": "Leon Bibb (February 7, 1922 \u2013 October 23, 2015) was an American folk singer and actor who grew up in Kentucky, studied voice in New York City, and worked on Broadway. His career began when he became a featured soloist of the Louisville Municipal College glee club as a student. He lived in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, after 1969.Bibb was born in Louisville, Kentucky and was one of the performers at the first Newport Folk Festival in 1959. He also had his own NBC television talk show. During the late-1950s and early-1960s, Bibb was one of a number of American entertainers, such as his good friend Paul Robeson, who were blacklisted for alleged ties to left-wing groups and causes. In 1963, Bibb traveled to Mississippi to join Dick Gregory and others in the fight against racial segregation in the United States.Despite that setback, Bibb continued to perform, and around 1963\u201364 he was featured singing on the national TV show, Hootenanny, on The Ed Sullivan Show and performed with Bill Cosby on tours. He also provided the soundtrack to Luis Bunuel's 1960 film The Young One. His a cappella vocals blend his classical, spiritual and blues influences.\nIn 2009, he was made a Member of the Order of British Columbia. At the time of receiving this honor, Bibb was still an active performer.He died on October 23, 2015. He was the father of the New york, American-based acoustic blues singer/songwriter Eric Bibb, and grandfather of Swedish dancer and performer Rennie Mirro (in Swedish).", "Q219615": "The University of Barcelona (Catalan: Universitat de Barcelona, UB; IPA: [uni\u03b2\u0259\u027esi\u02c8tad d\u0259 \u03b2\u0259\u027es\u0259\u02c8lon\u0259]; Spanish: Universidad de Barcelona) is a public university located in the city of Barcelona, Catalonia in Spain.\nWith 73 undergraduate programs, 273 graduate programs and 48 doctorate programs to over 63,000 students, UB is considered to be the best university in Spain in the QS World University Rankings of 2018, which ranked the university 156th overall in the world. In the 2016-2017 ranking of University Ranking by Academic Performance, UB is considered the best university in Spain and 45th university in the world. Also, according to the yearly ranking made by US News, it is the 81st-best university in the world, and the best university in Spain.", "Q133050": "Susan Abigail Sarandon (n\u00e9e Tomalin; born October 4, 1946) is an American actress and activist. She has received an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award, and has been nominated for nine Golden Globe Awards. Known for her social and political activism, she was appointed a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 1999 and received the Action Against Hunger Humanitarian Award in 2006.\nSarandon began her career in the film Joe (1970), before appearing in the soap opera A World Apart (1970\u201371). In 1974, she co-starred as a Zelda Fitzgerald surrogate in the TV movie F. Scott Fitzgerald and 'The Last of the Belles' and in 1975, she starred in The Rocky Horror Picture Show. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Atlantic City (1980), Thelma & Louise (1991), Lorenzo's Oil (1992), and The Client (1994), before winning for Dead Man Walking (1995). She has also won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for The Client, and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress for Dead Man Walking. Her other films include: Pretty Baby (1978), The Hunger (1983), The Witches of Eastwick (1987), Bull Durham (1988), White Palace (1990), Little Women (1994), Stepmom (1998), Enchanted (2007), The Lovely Bones (2009), Tammy (2014), The Meddler (2015), and A Bad Moms Christmas (2017).\nShe made her Broadway debut in An Evening with Richard Nixon in 1972 and went on to receive Drama Desk Award nominations for the Off-Broadway plays, A Coupla White Chicks Sitting Around Talking (1979) and Extremities (1982). She returned to Broadway in the 2009 revival of Exit the King.\nOn television, she is a six-time Emmy Award nominee, including for her guest roles on the sitcoms Friends (2001) and Malcolm in the Middle (2002), and appearances in the TV films Bernard and Doris (2007) and You Don't Know Jack (2010). In 2017, Sarandon portrayed Bette Davis in the first season of FX's anthology series Feud, for which she was nominated for both acting and producing Emmys. She was also nominated for a Daytime Emmy award for executive producing Cool Women in History in 2002.", "Q486408": "Robert Donner (April 27, 1931 \u2013 June 8, 2006) was an American television and film actor.", "Q39593": "Clement Leroy \"Butch\" Otter (born May 3, 1942) is an American businessman and politician who served as the 32nd governor of Idaho from 2007 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he was elected in 2006, and reelected in 2010, and 2014. Otter served as lieutenant governor from 1987 to 2001 and in U.S. Congress from the first district from 2001 to 2007.\nWhen he left office, Otter was the longest-serving governor in the United States whose time in office had run consecutively, at 12 years. His election win in 2014 was his third consecutive victory.", "Q123243": "Oskar Kanehl (5 October 1888, Berlin \u2013 28 May 1929, Berlin) was a German poet and communist activist.\nKanehl studied literature and philosophy at the University of W\u00fcrzburg and University of Greifswald before moving to the village of Weick in 1912. From 1913 he published Die Wiecker Boten (The Weicker Messenger) a left-wing literary-political monthly. He also contributed to Franz Pfemfert's Die Aktion. The Wiecker Bote was banned with the outbreak of the war, and Kanehl moved to Berlin where he continued his anti-militarist activism.\nHe committed suicide by jumping from his window on 28 May 1929. Erich M\u00fchsam and Franz Pfemfert spoke at his funeral.", "Q381896": "The Regional Municipality of Niagara, also colloquially known as the Niagara Region, is a regional municipality comprising twelve municipalities of Southern Ontario, Canada. The regional seat is in Thorold. It is the southern end of the Golden Horseshoe, the largest megalopolis in Canada.\nThe region occupies most of the Niagara Peninsula. Its eastern boundary is the Niagara River, which is also the border with the United States. It is bounded on the north by Lake Ontario and on the south by Lake Erie.\nUnique natural landscapes make the Niagara Region an important centre for agriculture and tourism in Canada. The most important agricultural enterprise in Niagara is viticulture, or winemaking. The Niagara Wine Route, which connects visitors to dozens of wineries, is a growing tourism draw while the internationally renowned Niagara Falls is one of Canada's major tourist attractions. Along with Shaw Festival, held annually in Niagara-on-the-Lake, and the Welland Canal, the Regional Municipality of Niagara receives up to 12 million visitors each year", "Q349": "Sport includes all forms of competitive physical activity or games which, through casual or organized participation, at least in part aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants, and in some cases, entertainment for spectators. Sports can bring positive results to one's physical health. Hundreds of sports exist, from those between single contestants, through to those with hundreds of simultaneous participants, either in teams or competing as individuals. In certain sports such as racing, many contestants may compete, simultaneously or consecutively, with one winner; in others, the contest (a match) is between two sides, each attempting to exceed the other. Some sports allow a \"tie\" or \"draw\", in which there is no single winner; others provide tie-breaking methods to ensure one winner and one loser. A number of contests may be arranged in a tournament producing a champion. Many sports leagues make an annual champion by arranging games in a regular sports season, followed in some cases by playoffs.\nSport is generally recognised as system of activities which are based in physical athleticism or physical dexterity, with the largest major competitions such as the Olympic Games admitting only sports meeting this definition, and other organisations such as the Council of Europe using definitions precluding activities without a physical element from classification as sports. However, a number of competitive, but non-physical, activities claim recognition as mind sports. The International Olympic Committee (through ARISF) recognises both chess and bridge as bona fide sports, and SportAccord, the international sports federation association, recognises five non-physical sports: bridge, chess, draughts (checkers), Go and xiangqi, and limits the number of mind games which can be admitted as sports.Sport is usually governed by a set of rules or customs, which serve to ensure fair competition, and allow consistent adjudication of the winner. Winning can be determined by physical events such as scoring goals or crossing a line first. It can also be determined by judges who are scoring elements of the sporting performance, including objective or subjective measures such as technical performance or artistic impression.\nRecords of performance are often kept, and for popular sports, this information may be widely announced or reported in sport news. Sport is also a major source of entertainment for non-participants, with spectator sport drawing large crowds to sport venues, and reaching wider audiences through broadcasting. Sport betting is in some cases severely regulated, and in some cases is central to the sport.\nAccording to A.T. Kearney, a consultancy, the global sporting industry is worth up to $620 billion as of 2013. The world's most accessible and practised sport is running, while association football is the most popular spectator sport.\n\n", "Q19643": "A queen regnant (plural: queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank to a king, who reigns in her own right, as opposed to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king, or a queen regent, who is the guardian of a child monarch and reigns temporarily in the child's stead. \nAn empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire.\nA queen regnant possesses and exercises sovereign powers, whereas a queen consort shares her husband's rank and titles, but does not share the sovereignty of her husband. The husband of a queen regnant traditionally does not share his wife's rank, title or sovereignty. However, the concept of a king consort is not unheard of in both contemporary and classical periods.\nA queen dowager is the widow of a king. A queen mother is a queen dowager who is also the mother of a reigning sovereign.", "Q173474": "Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgarian: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u0422\u044a\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e, romanized: Veliko T\u01cernovo, pronounced [v\u025b\u02c8liko \u02c8t\u0264rnovo]; \"Great Tarnovo\") is a town in north central Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Veliko Tarnovo Province.\nOften referred as the \"City of the Tsars\", Veliko Tarnovo is located on the Yantra River and is famously known as the historical capital of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom, attracting many tourists with its unique architecture. The old part of the town is situated on three hills, Tsarevets, Trapezitsa, and Sveta Gora, rising amidst the meanders of the Yantra. On Tsarevets are the palaces of the Bulgarian emperors and the Patriarchate, the Patriarchal Cathedral, and also a number of administrative and residential edifices surrounded by thick walls.\nTrapezitsa is known for its many churches and as the former main residence of the nobility. During the Middle Ages, the town was among the main European centres of culture and gave its name to the architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School, painting of the Tarnovo Artistic School, and to literature. Veliko Tarnovo is an important administrative, economic, educational, and cultural centre of Northern Bulgaria.", "Q66097": "Gustav von Wangenheim (born Ingo Clemens Gustav Adolf Freiherr von Wangenheim; 18 February 1895 \u2013 5 August 1975) was a German nobleman, actor, screenwriter and director.", "Q49074": "Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (; November 11, 1922 \u2013 April 11, 2007) was an American writer. In a career spanning over 50 years, Vonnegut published fourteen novels, three short story collections, five plays, and five works of non-fiction, with further collections being published after his death. He is most famous for his darkly satirical, best-selling novel Slaughterhouse-Five (1969).\nBorn and raised in Indianapolis, Indiana, Vonnegut attended Cornell University but dropped out in January 1943 and enlisted in the United States Army. As part of his training, he studied mechanical engineering at Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) and the University of Tennessee. He was then deployed to Europe to fight in World War II and was captured by the Germans during the Battle of the Bulge. He was interned in Dresden and survived the Allied bombing of the city by taking refuge in a meat locker of the slaughterhouse where he was imprisoned. After the war, Vonnegut married Jane Marie Cox, with whom he had three children. He later adopted his sister's three sons, after she died of cancer and her husband was killed in a train accident.\nVonnegut published his first novel, Player Piano, in 1952. The novel was reviewed positively but was not commercially successful. In the nearly 20 years that followed, Vonnegut published several novels that were only marginally successful, such as Cat's Cradle (1963) and God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater (1964). Vonnegut's breakthrough was his commercially and critically successful sixth novel, Slaughterhouse-Five. The book's anti-war sentiment resonated with its readers amidst the ongoing Vietnam War and its reviews were generally positive. After its release, Slaughterhouse-Five went to the top of The New York Times Best Seller list, thrusting Vonnegut into fame. He was invited to give speeches, lectures and commencement addresses around the country and received many awards and honors.\nLater in his career, Vonnegut published several autobiographical essays and short-story collections, including Fates Worse Than Death (1991), and A Man Without a Country (2005). After his death, he was hailed as a morbidly comical commentator on the society in which he lived and as one of the most important contemporary writers. Vonnegut's son Mark published a compilation of his father's unpublished compositions, titled Armageddon in Retrospect. In 2017, Seven Stories Press published Complete Stories, a collection of Vonnegut's short fiction including five previously unpublished stories. Complete Stories was collected and introduced by Vonnegut friends and scholars Jerome Klinkowitz and Dan Wakefield. Numerous scholarly works have examined Vonnegut's writing and humor.", "Q92670": "Jack J. Dongarra ForMemRS; (born July 18, 1950) is an American University Distinguished Professor of Computer Science\nin the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department at the University of Tennessee. He holds\nthe position of a Distinguished Research Staff member in the Computer Science and Mathematics Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Turing Fellowship in the School of Mathematics at the University of Manchester, and is an adjunct professor in the Computer Science Department at Rice University. He served as a faculty fellow at Texas A&M University's institute for advanced study (2014 - 2018). Dongarra is the founding director of Innovative Computing Laboratory.", "Q41428": "Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0281i.u d\u0292i \u0292\u0250\u02c8nej\u027eu] River of January) is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being that of the state of S\u00e3o Paulo.The state of Rio de Janeiro is located within the Brazilian geopolitical region classified as the Southeast (assigned by IBGE). Rio de Janeiro shares borders with all the other states in the same Southeast macroregion: Minas Gerais (N and NW), Esp\u00edrito Santo (NE) and S\u00e3o Paulo (SW). It is bounded on the east and south by the South Atlantic Ocean. Rio de Janeiro has an area of 43,653 km2 (16,855 sq mi). Its capital is the city of Rio de Janeiro, which was the capital of the Portuguese Colony of Brazil from 1763 to 1815, of the following United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves from 1815 to 1822, and of later independent Brazil as a kingdom and republic from 1822 to 1960.\nThe state's 22 largest cities are Rio de Janeiro, S\u00e3o Gon\u00e7alo, Duque de Caxias, Nova Igua\u00e7u, Niter\u00f3i, Campos dos Goytacazes, Belford Roxo, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o de Meriti, Petr\u00f3polis, Volta Redonda, Mag\u00e9, Maca\u00e9, Itabora\u00ed, Cabo Frio, Arma\u00e7\u00e3o dos B\u00fazios, Angra dos Reis, Nova Friburgo, Barra Mansa, Barra do Pira\u00ed, Teres\u00f3polis, Mesquita and Nil\u00f3polis.\nRio de Janeiro is the smallest state in the Southeast macroregion and one of the smallest in Brazil. It is, however, the third most populous Brazilian state, with a population of 16 million of people in 2011 (making it the most densely populated state in Brazil) and has the third longest coastline in the country (after those of the states of Bahia and Maranh\u00e3o).\nIn the Brazilian flag, the state is represented by Mimosa, the beta star in the Southern Cross (\u03b2 Cru).", "Q324580": "Leopold the Cat (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u0442 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434, Kot Leopold) is a Soviet/Russian animation series about a good-natured and prudent cat, Leopold. Leopold always wears a bow tie even when swimming. Throughout the series, he has to deal with two mischievous mice, Grey and White (Mitya and Motya according to an early script version, but the cartoons themselves mention no names). The animation was produced at T/O Ekran in 1975 - 1987 and its runtime is 87 min (10 episodes). As of 1987, there were 11 episodes in total. Eventually, in 1995, most of the episodes were released on DVD.\nIt was directed by Anatoly Reznikov (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432), and the screenplay was written by Arkady Hayt. Boris Savelyev wrote the score. The cinematography was by Ernst Gaman (1975, 1982), Igor Shkamarda (1975, 1981, 1983), and Vladimir Milovanov (1981, 1983, 1984, 1986). Nelli Kudrina did the sound.\nLeopold's catchphrase is \"Kids, let's all get along\" (Russian: \u0420\u0435\u0431\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e). The catchphrases of the two mice are \"Come out, Leopold!\" (Russian: \u0412\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0434!) by the one and \"Come out, you foul coward!\" (Russian: \u0412\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0441!) by the second.", "Q771038": "Ivan Slavkov (Bulgarian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0421\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432) (11 May 1940, Sofia \u2013 1 May 2011) was a Bulgarian sports boss linked to the Communist-era nomenklatura. He served as the President of the Bulgarian Olympic Committee (BOC) between 1982 and 2005 and was a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) between 1987 and 2005.\nDuring the Communist regime in Bulgaria, Slavkov married Lyudmila Zhivkova, daughter of Bulgaria's Communist leader Todor Zhivkov. Despite his unclear qualifications, he was appointed head of the state-controlled Bulgarian Television in 1972.\nIn 1982 Slavkov left Bulgarian television and became the President of the Bulgarian Olympic Committee.", "Q36878": "Rasul Gamzatovich Gamzatov (Avar: \u0425\u04c0\u0430\u043c\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0443\u043b, IPA: [\u0127amzatil rasul]; Russian: \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0443\u0301\u043b \u0413\u0430\u043c\u0437\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0430\u043c\u0437\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0432, IPA: [r\u0250\u02c8sul \u0261\u0250m\u02c8zat\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u0261\u0250m\u02c8zat\u0259f] (listen); 8 September 1923 \u2013 3 November 2003) was a popular Avar poet. Among his poems was Zhuravli, which became a well-known Soviet song.", "Q40722": "Dilma Vana Rousseff (Brazilian Portuguese: [\u02c8d\u0292iwm\u0250 \u02c8v\u0250\u0303n\u0250 \u0281u\u02c8s\u025bf(i)]; born 14 December 1947) is a Brazilian economist and politician who served as the 36th president of Brazil, holding the position from 2011 until her impeachment and removal from office on 31 August 2016. She was the first woman to hold the Brazilian presidency and had previously served as Chief of Staff to former president Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva from 2005 to 2010.The daughter of a Bulgarian immigrant, Rousseff was raised in an upper middle class household in Belo Horizonte. She became a socialist in her youth and after the 1964 coup d'\u00e9tat joined left-wing and Marxist urban guerrilla groups that fought against the military dictatorship. Rousseff was captured, tortured, and jailed from 1970 to 1972.After her release, Rousseff rebuilt her life in Porto Alegre with Carlos Ara\u00fajo, who was her husband for 30 years. They both helped to found the Democratic Labour Party (PDT) in Rio Grande do Sul, and participated in several of the party's electoral campaigns. She became the treasury secretary of Porto Alegre under Alceu Collares, and later Secretary of Energy of Rio Grande do Sul under both Collares and Ol\u00edvio Dutra. In 2001, after an internal dispute in the Dutra cabinet, she left the PDT and joined the Workers' Party (PT).In 2002, Rousseff became an energy policy advisor to presidential candidate Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva, who on winning the election invited her to become his minister of energy. Chief of Staff Jos\u00e9 Dirceu resigned in 2005 in a political crisis triggered by the Mensal\u00e3o corruption scandal. Rousseff became chief of staff and remained in that post until 31 March 2010, when she stepped down to run for president. She was elected in a run-off on 31 October 2010, beating Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) candidate Jos\u00e9 Serra. On 26 October 2014 she won a narrow second-round victory over A\u00e9cio Neves, also of the PSDB.Impeachment proceedings against Rousseff began in the Chamber of Deputies on 3 December 2015. On 12 May 2016, the Senate of Brazil suspended President Rousseff's powers and duties for up to six months or until the Senate decided whether to remove her from office or to acquit her. Vice President Michel Temer assumed her powers and duties as Acting President of Brazil during her suspension. On 31 August 2016, the Senate voted 61\u201320 to impeach, finding Rousseff guilty of breaking budgetary laws and removing her from office.On 5 August 2018, the PT officially launched Rousseff's candidacy for a seat in the Federal Senate, from the state of Minas Gerais. However, despite leading in the polls in the run-up to the election, Rousseff finished fourth in the final vote and was not elected.", "Q709197": "Elwood Mead (January 16, 1858 \u2013 January 26, 1936) was a professor, politician and engineer, known for heading the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) from 1924 until his death in 1936. During his tenure, he oversaw some of the most complex projects the Bureau of Reclamation has undertaken. These included the Hoover, Grand Coulee and Owyhee dams.", "Q240774": "Frank Joseph Whaley (born July 20, 1963) is an American actor, film director, screenwriter and comedian. His roles include Brett in Pulp Fiction, Robbie Krieger in The Doors, young Archie \"Moonlight\" Graham in Field of Dreams, and Guy in Swimming With Sharks. He also appeared in films like The Freshman, A Midnight Clear, Swing Kids, Broken Arrow, and World Trade Center.", "Q61934": "Gertrude the Great (or Saint Gertrude of Helfta; Italian: Santa Gertrude; January 6, 1256 \u2013 c. 1302) was a German Benedictine nun, mystic, and theologian. She is recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church, and is inscribed in the General Roman Calendar, for optional celebration throughout the Roman Rite as a memorial, on November 16.", "Q453235": "Novella Calligaris (born 27 December 1954) is a retired Italian swimmer, and the first Italian to win an Olympic medal in swimming. Her elder brother Mauro Calligaris was also an Olympic swimmer.\n\n", "Q2832265": "For the French politician, see Aldebert de Chambrun (1821-1899).\n\nAldebert de Chambrun (1872-1962) was a French general.\n\n", "Q70839": "Friedrich Karl Theodor Zarncke (7 July 1825 \u2013 15 October 1891), German philologist, was born in Zahrensdorf, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, the son of a country pastor.\nHe was educated at the Rostock gymnasium, and studied (1844\u20131847) at the universities of Rostock, Leipzig and Berlin. In 1848 he was employed in arranging the valuable library of Old German literature of Freiherr Karl Hartwig von Meusebach (1781\u20131847), and superintending its removal from Baumgartenbr\u00fcck, near Potsdam, to the Royal Library at Berlin.In 1850 he founded the Literarisches Centralblatt f\u00fcr Deutschland in Leipzig. In 1852 he established himself as privatdozent at Leipzig University. In 1858 he was appointed full professor.", "Q149930": "Albin Moller was a German author, astrologer, and translator who lived in eastern Germany during the late 16th and early 17th centuries.", "Q55449": "Adam Nyerere Bahner (born July 6, 1982), better known by the pseudonym Tay Zonday, is an American singer, musician, announcer, voice artist, actor, comedian, and YouTube personality.He is known for his bass singing voice. He garnered mainstream exposure when his song \"Chocolate Rain\" became a viral video in July 2007. As of March 2020, \"Chocolate Rain\" has over 125 million views.", "Q6122": "Asti (UK: AST-ee, US: AH-stee, Italian: [\u02c8asti] (listen); Piedmontese: Ast [\u02c8\u0251st]) is a comune of 76,164 inhabitants (1-1-2017) located in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy, about 55 kilometres (34 miles) east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro River. It is the capital of the province of Asti and it is deemed to be the modern capital of Montferrat.", "Q111583": "James Way Covert (September 2, 1842 \u2013 May 16, 1910) was a United States Representative from New York.", "Q89522": "Wolfgang B\u00f6rnsen (born 26 April 1942) is a German politician and member of the CDU, which he joined in 1967. He was born in Flensburg and was a member of the Bundestag from 1987 to 2013.\n\n", "Q121440": "Otto Hunziker (6 May 1879, Aarau \u2013 7 February 1940) was a Swiss politician and author. Hunziker was the President of Canton Aargau and member of the National Council", "Q170169": "Hannover Airport (IATA: HAJ, ICAO: EDDV) is the international airport of Hannover, capital of the German state of Lower Saxony. The ninth largest airport in Germany, it is in Langenhagen, 11 km (6.8 mi) north of Hannover. The airport has flights to European metropolitan and leisure destinations, and serves as a base for Eurowings, Condor, SunExpress Deutschland and TUI fly Deutschland.", "Q86611": "Eugen Kolisko (21 March 1893 \u2013 29 November 1939) was an Austrian-German physician and educator who was born in Vienna. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna, and in 1917 became a lecturer of medical chemistry. He was the son of pathologist Alexander Kolisko (1857-1918).\nEugen Kolisko is remembered for his pioneer work in anthroposophy. He was introduced to anthroposophy through his classmate, Walter Johannes Stein (1891-1957). In 1914, he first attended lectures given by Rudolf Steiner, the founder of anthroposophy. Consequently, he became a member of the Anthroposophical Society, and in 1920 was invited as an instructor to the newly established Waldorf School at Stuttgart by Emil Molt (1876-1936).\nKolisko specialized in preventative medicine, and at the Waldorf School he worked with other teachers in creating a curriculum that focused on the spiritual and physical development of school children. He was instrumental in construction of several artistic therapies, such as anthroposophic music therapy and eurythmy. During the 1930s, he left the Waldorf School in Stuttgart for political reasons, relocating to England in 1936, where he undertook the establishment of a private educational institute. Kolisko died of cardiac failure outside London on 29 November 1939.\nHis wife, Lili Kolisko (1893-1976), introduced a concept known as Steigbildmethode (capillary dynamolysis method), which dealt with Bildschaffenden methods for assessment of food quality from an anthroposophic standpoint. Today, the \"Kolisko Conferences\" are a series of international conferences of teachers, physicians, therapists and parents who meet in order to further the concepts and philosophy of a Waldorf education. \nEugen Kolisko was the author of numerous written works, published both in German and English; the following are a few of his better known English publications:\n\n\"The Human Organism in the Light of Anthroposophy\"\n\"Lead and the Human Organism\"\n\"Nutrition and Agriculture\"\n\"The Threefold Human Organism: A Series of Lectures\"\n\"Three Fundamental Problems of the Anthroposophical Knowledge of Man I. the Bodily Foundation of Thinking\"\n\"Reincarnation and Other Essays\"\n\"The Classification of the Animal Kingdom Articles in the Present Age', Vol. 1, Nos. 2 & 3\"\n\"Zoology for everybody : a series of lectures\"\n\"Nutrition: a Series of Lectures: 1 - the Transformation of Matter\"", "Q185490": "Hereafter is a 2010 American fantasy disaster drama film directed, co-produced, and scored by Clint Eastwood, written by Peter Morgan, and executive produced by Steven Spielberg. The film tells three parallel stories about three people affected by death in similar ways\u2014all three have issues of communicating with the dead; Matt Damon plays American factory worker George, who is able to communicate with the dead and who has worked professionally as a clairvoyant, but no longer wants to communicate with the dead; C\u00e9cile de France plays French television journalist Marie, who survives a near-death experience during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami; and British twins Marcus and Jason (played by Frankie and George McLaren). Bryce Dallas Howard, Lyndsey Marshal, Jay Mohr, and Thierry Neuvic have supporting roles.\nMorgan sold the script on spec to DreamWorks in 2008, but it transferred to Warner Bros. by the time Eastwood (who has a long-standing relationship with Warner Bros.) had signed on to direct in 2009. Principal photography ran from October 2009 to February 2010 on locations in London, San Francisco, Paris, and Hawaii.\nHereafter premiered as a \"Special Presentation\" at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival on September 12, 2010. The film was given a limited release on October 15, 2010 and was released across North America on October 22, 2010. Although a box office success, the film received mixed reviews, with critics praising the plot and acting performances, while noting that the movie suffered from a lack of focus on the story.", "Q64694": "Dornach is also a quarter of the French city of Mulhouse, and D\u00f2rnach is the Gaelic name for Dornoch in the Scottish Highlands.Dornach (Swiss German: Dornech) is a municipality in the district of Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.", "Q670440": "Michael John Parenti (born 1933) is an American political scientist and cultural critic who writes on scholarly and popular subjects. He has taught at American and international universities and has been a guest lecturer before campus and community audiences.", "Q1352613": "Let It Be is a 1970 British documentary film starring the Beatles and directed by Michael Lindsay-Hogg. The film documents the group rehearsing and recording songs for their twelfth and final studio album Let It Be, in January 1969. The film includes an unannounced rooftop concert by the group, their last public performance. Released just after the album in May 1970, Let It Be is the final original Beatles release.\nThe film was originally planned as a television documentary which would accompany a concert broadcast. When plans for a broadcast were dropped, the project became a feature film. Although the film does not dwell on the dissension within the group at the time, it provides some glimpses into the dynamics that would lead to their break-up. Following the film's release, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr collectively won an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score.Let It Be has not been officially available on home video since the 1980s, although original and bootleg copies of the film still circulate, while early attempts to release the film on DVD and Blu-ray did not come to fruition. Another documentary film using the footage filmed for Let It Be, titled by The Beatles: Get Back and directed by Peter Jackson, will be released in September 2020, and will be followed by a remastered re-release of Let It Be.", "Q12702": "Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, (14 September 1864 \u2013 24 November 1958), known as Lord Robert Cecil from 1868 to 1923, was a British lawyer, politician and diplomat. He was one of the architects of the League of Nations and a defender of it, whose service to the organisation saw him awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1937.", "Q1895": "Petrozavodsk (Russian: \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a, IPA: [p\u02b2\u026atr\u0259z\u0250\u02c8votsk]; Karelian, Vepsian and Finnish: Petroskoi) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some 27 kilometers (17 mi). Population: 261,987\u2009(2010 Census); 266,160\u2009(2002 Census); 269,485\u2009(1989 Census).It was previously known as Shuysky Zavod (1703\u20131704) and Petrovskaya Sloboda (1704\u20131777), as well as \u00c4\u00e4nislinna among the Finnish forces during the Continuation War (1941\u20131944).\n\n", "Q326383": "John William Oates (born April 7, 1948) is an American rock, R&B and soul guitarist, singer, songwriter and record producer best known as half of the rock and soul duo, Hall & Oates (with Daryl Hall).\nAlthough Oates's main role in the duo was guitarist, he also co-wrote many of the top 10 songs that they recorded, including (with Hall): \"Sara Smile\" (the song refers to Hall's then-girlfriend, Sara Allen), \"She's Gone\", and \"Out of Touch\", as well as (with Allen and Hall): \"You Make My Dreams\", \"I Can't Go for That (No Can Do)\", \"Maneater\", and \"Adult Education\". He also sang lead vocals on several more singles in the Hot 100, such as \"How Does It Feel to Be Back\", \"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'\" (a remake of the 1965 song performed by the Righteous Brothers that was written by Phil Spector, Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil), on which Oates shared lead vocals with Hall, and \"Possession Obsession\" (with Allen & Hall).\nEspecially in the duo's 1970s output, the songwriting on the albums was usually very evenly divided, with Oates writing many of the tracks on his own along with many co-written songs. And on \"Daryl Hall & John Oates\" - released in 1975 and the duo's first top-20 album - most of the songs were co-written, along with two songs by Oates and one by Hall, making it the only album where Oates is credited on more songs than Hall.\nIn 1986, Oates contributed the song \"(She's the) Shape of Things to Come\" on the soundtrack to the 1986 film, About Last Night. Oates also co-wrote and sang backup on the song \"Electric Blue\", recorded by the Australian band Icehouse, which was a Billboard top 10 hit. He also co-wrote, produced and sang duet with the Canadian group the Parachute Club on the 1987 song \"Love is Fire\" which was a top 30 hit in Canada.\nOates played the character \"Dirty D\" in episode two of series one of the eponymously named comedy TV series Garfunkel and Oates.\nOates was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2004, and in 2014, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as a member of Hall & Oates. His memoir, Change of Seasons, was published in 2017.", "Q722312": "William Henry Duke Jr. (born February 26, 1943) is an American actor, film director, producer, and screenwriter. Known for his physically imposing frame, Duke works primarily in the action and crime drama genres, but occasionally appears in comedy. Frequently a character actor, he has starred opposite Arnold Schwarzenegger in Commando and Predator, and has appeared in films like American Gigolo, No Man's Land, Bird on a Wire, Menace II Society, Exit Wounds, Payback, X-Men: The Last Stand and Mandy; he often plays characters related to law enforcement.\nAs a director, he has helmed episodes of numerous television series including Cagney & Lacey, Hill Street Blues, Miami Vice, The Twilight Zone, and American Playhouse, and the crime film Deep Cover and A Rage in Harlem, for which he was nominated for a Palme d'Or. He was director of the movie Sister Act 2 starring Whoopi Goldberg and Lauryn Hill. He directed episodes of several noteworthy 1980s television series, including Hill Street Blues and Miami Vice.\n\n", "Q862313": "William Pollock McLaren (16 October 1923 \u2013 19 January 2010) was a Scottish rugby union commentator, teacher, journalist and one time rugby player. Known as 'the voice of rugby', he retired from commentating in 2002. Renowned throughout the sport, his enthusiasm and memorable turn of phrase endeared him to many.", "Q1200141": "Dick Hein \"Derek\" de Lint (Dutch pronunciation: [d\u026ak \u0266\u025bin \u02c8d\u025br\u0259k d\u0259 l\u026ant]; born 17 July 1950) is a Dutch film and television actor, best known for playing the role of Derek Rayne in Poltergeist: The Legacy.", "Q98349": "Josef Magnus Wehner (14 November 1891 \u2013 14 December 1973) was a German writer and playwright. Celebrated (locally, in Fulda) as a \"great German poet\" his reputation is criticized for the militarism displayed in his work and his allegiance to the NSDAP.\nWehner was one of the 88 German authors who signed the Gel\u00f6bnis treuester Gefolgschaft, a 1933 \"promise of most loyal obedience\" to Adolf Hitler. After the war, he wrote a number of feast plays for religious occasions, including celebrations for Rabanus Maurus and Saint Boniface. In a 1988 study of Wehner, Joachim Hohmann concluded that Wehner's past was too easily forgotten and that his reputation as a Catholic Heimatdichter was undeserved and white-washed his national socialist past.", "Q361976": "Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre (also called Bernardin de St. Pierre) (19 January 1737 Le Havre \u2013 21 January 1814 \u00c9ragny, Val-d'Oise) was a French writer and botanist. He is best known for his 1788 novel Paul et Virginie, now largely forgotten, but in the 19th century a very popular children's book.", "Q18388990": "12 Rounds 3: Lockdown (also known as 12 Rounds 3 or 12 Rounds: Lockdown) is a 2015 American action film directed by Stephen Reynolds and starring Dean Ambrose in his film debut. It is the sequel to the 2013 film 12 Rounds 2: Reloaded, the third installment in the 12 Rounds trilogy, and the second of six films (titled the \"Action Six-Pack\" series) to be co-produced by WWE Studios and Lionsgate, who distribute the film. It is the first film in the series not to be released by 20th Century Fox, and was released in select theaters across the United States and on demand on September 11, 2015.\n\n", "Q485673": "Garbage is an American rock band formed in Madison, Wisconsin, in 1993. The band consists of Scottish singer and musician Shirley Manson and American musicians Duke Erikson, Steve Marker, and Butch Vig. All four members are involved in songwriting and production. Garbage has sold over 17 million albums worldwide.The band's eponymous debut album was critically acclaimed upon its release, selling over four million copies and achieving double platinum certification in the UK, US and Australia. It was accompanied by a string of increasingly successful singles from 1995 to 1996, including \"Stupid Girl\" and \"Only Happy When It Rains\". Follow-up Version 2.0, released in 1998 after a year in production, was equally successful, topping the UK Albums Chart and receiving two Grammy Award nominations. Garbage followed this by performing and co-producing the theme song to the nineteenth James Bond film The World Is Not Enough (1999).Despite critical acclaim, Garbage's third album Beautiful Garbage failed to match the commercial success achieved by its predecessors. Garbage quietly disbanded amidst the troubled production of their fourth album Bleed Like Me, but regrouped to complete the album, which was released in 2005 and peaked at a career-high number four in the US. The band cut short their concert tour of Bleed Like Me, announcing an \"indefinite hiatus\", emphasizing that they had not broken up, but wished to pursue personal interests. The hiatus was briefly interrupted in 2007, when Garbage recorded new tracks for their greatest hits retrospective Absolute Garbage. Garbage ultimately reunited in 2011, and self-released 2012's Not Your Kind of People to positive reviews via their label Stunvolume. Their sixth album Strange Little Birds was released in 2016.", "Q7194364": "\"Pilot\" is the first episode of the American television show Numb3rs. Based on a real-life serial rape case, \"Pilot\" features two brothers, an agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and a mathematics professor at a Southern California university, using their individual skills to capture a serial rapist who has begun to kill his victims. \"Pilot\" also introduces the theme of mathematics being used to solve crimes.\nWritten by series creators Cheryl Heuton and Nicolas Falacci, the episode was filmed twice, once in Boston, Massachusetts and once in Los Angeles, California, with two different casts using two somewhat different scripts. The test audience could not believe that the three men who portrayed the family could be related to each other, so the producers made cast changes to the family. They also made several changes to the rest of the cast to accommodate the changes in the script. Heuton and Falacci changed the script to focus on the brothers' relationship with each other. When filming finished, CBS picked up the episode and the series three weeks later.\n\"Pilot\" first aired in the United States on January 23, 2005. The episode received mixed reviews. Mathematicians and students at California Institute of Technology enjoyed the episode and were impressed with the mathematics in it. In contrast, television critics felt as though the episode's plot about a serial rapist was unoriginal, although one critic called the math boring.", "Q87269": "Hilmar Kabas (born 6 January 1942 in Vienna) is an Austrian politician of the Freedom Party of Austria (FP\u00d6).Kabas studied law at the University of Vienna. He was mainly active as a local politician in Vienna and held the position of the state party leader between 1998 and 2004.", "Q121326": "Christian M\u00fcller (August 11, 1921 in M\u00fcnsingen \u2013 March 29, 2013 in Bern) was a teacher, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and Swiss writer from the canton de Vaud.", "Q72790": "Victoria Ocampo (7 April 1890 \u2013 27 January 1979) was an Argentine writer and intellectual, described by Jorge Luis Borges as La mujer m\u00e1s argentina (\"The quintessential Argentine woman\"). Best known as an advocate for others and as publisher of the literary magazine Sur, she was also a writer and critic in her own right and one of the most prominent South American women of her time. Her sister Silvina Ocampo, also a writer, was married to Adolfo Bioy Casares.", "Q52440": "James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), known professionally as LL Cool J (short for Ladies Love Cool James), is an American rapper, record producer, actor, author, and entrepreneur from Queens, New York. With the breakthrough success of his hit single \"I Need a Beat\" and the Radio LP, LL Cool J became an early hip-hop act to achieve mainstream success along with Kurtis Blow and Run-D.M.C.\nLL Cool J has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations. His twelfth album Exit 13 (2008), was his last for his long-tenured deal with Def Jam Recordings. LL Cool J appeared in numerous films, including In Too Deep, Any Given Sunday, S.W.A.T., Deep Blue Sea, Mindhunters, and Edison. He currently plays NCIS Special Agent Sam Hanna in the CBS crime drama television series NCIS: Los Angeles. LL Cool J also is the host of Lip Sync Battle on Paramount Network.A two-time Grammy Award winner, LL Cool J is known for such hip hop hits as \"Going Back to Cali\", \"I'm Bad\", \"The Boomin' System\", \"Rock the Bells\", and \"Mama Said Knock You Out\", as well as R&B hits such as \"Doin' It\", \"I Need Love\", \"All I Have\", \"Around the Way Girl\" and \"Hey Lover\". In 2010, VH1 placed him on their \"100 Greatest Artists Of All Time\" list. In 2017, LL Cool J became the first rapper to receive the Kennedy Center Honors.", "Q168040": "Baroness Fabienne-Claire Nothomb, better known by her pen name Am\u00e9lie Nothomb (French: [a.me.li n\u0254.t\u0254\u0303b]), is a Belgian Francophone novelist. Part of her childhood was spent in Asia.\nA prolific author, since the publication of her first novel Hygiene and the Assassin in 1992, at the age of twenty-six, she has published a book a year. Her novels are among the top literary sales and have been translated into several languages. She is a Commander of the Order of the Crown and has had the title of Baroness bestowed upon her by King Philippe of Belgium. Her novel Fear and Trembling won the Grand Prix du roman de l'Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1999, and in 2015 she was elected to the Royal Academy of French Language and Literature in Belgium.\n\n", "Q106799": "Angela Roy (born Angela Giesen; 24 June 1957) is a German actress and director.\n\n", "Q289212": "Anastasiya Oleksiyivna Kamenskykh (born 4 May 1987, in Kyiv, Ukraine), known professionally as NK, is a Ukrainian pop and R&B singer, actress, TV presenter, judge and mentor of X-Factor vocal show, founder and owner of sport clothes NKsport, author of NKblog etc.", "Q1365901": "John Edgar Bryson (born July 24, 1943) is the former United States Secretary of Commerce, the 37th person to hold the post since its establishment in 1913. Prior to this, he served as the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Edison International, the parent company of Southern California Edison and as director of The Boeing Company.\nThe Senate confirmed Bryson as Secretary of Commerce by a 74\u201326 vote on October 20, 2011. He was sworn in on October 21, 2011. Bryson took a leave of absence in June 2012 for medical tests due to seizures that were related to a hit and run. On June 21, 2012 Bryson resigned because, \"the work that [Commerce employees] do to help America\u2019s entrepreneurs and businesses build our economy and create jobs is more important now than ever and I have come to the conclusion that I need to step down to prevent distractions from this critical mission.\"", "Q218279": "Zoey Francis Thompson Deutch (; born November 10, 1994) is an American actress and producer. The daughter of director Howard Deutch and actress-director Lea Thompson, Deutch began her acting career with a recurring roles on the Disney Channel original series The Suite Life on Deck (2010 - 2011) and CW crime drama series Ringer (2011 - 2012). Following her credited film debut in the gothic romance film Beautiful Creatures, she starred in the fantasy horror film Vampire Academy (2014), for which she received a Teen Choice Award nomination. She achieved critical praise for her roles in independent comedy and drama films, including Richard Linklater's Everybody Wants Some!! (2016), Why Him? (2016), Before I Fall (2017), Flower (2017), and Rebel in the Rye (2017), for which she was awarded awards for breakout star from the Dallas International Film Festival and the SCAD Savannah Film Festival. In 2017, her mother directed her and her sister Madelyn in the comedy-drama The Year of Spectacular Men, which Deutch also co-produced. She went on to star in the romantic comedy Set It Up (2018), the zombie comedy Zombieland: Double Tap (2019), and the comedy-drama Buffaloed (2019), which she also produced, and held a leading role in Ryan Murphy's Netflix comedy series The Politician (2019).", "Q125140": "Werner Bodendorff (born in 1958) is a German oboist, musicologist (with a focus on Franz Schubert, Werner Egk, church music and wind music) as well as a writer.", "Q964776": "Lucien Rebatet (15 November 1903 \u2013 24 August 1972) was a French author, journalist, and intellectual. He is known as an exponent of fascism and virulent antisemite but also as the author of Les Deux \u00e9tendards, regarded by some as one of the greatest novels of the post-war era.\n\n", "Q634564": "Frank Swett Black (March 8, 1853 \u2013 March 22, 1913) was an American newspaper editor, lawyer and politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1895 to 1897, and the 32nd Governor of New York from 1897 to 1898.", "Q2255438": "Menahem Ben-Sasson (Hebrew: \u05de\u05e0\u05d7\u05dd \u05d1\u05df-\u05e9\u05e9\u05d5\u05df\u200e, born 7 July 1951) is an Israeli politician and a former member of the Knesset for Kadima. Between 2009 and 2017 he was the president of Hebrew University of Jerusalem, succeeding Menachem Magidor.", "Q71299": "Johannes Mayer (6 September 1893 \u2013 7 August 1963) was a German General of the Infantry in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords.\n\n", "Q207359": "Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille (; French: [\u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 bat\u0251j]; 10 September 1897 \u2013 9 July 1962) was a French intellectual and literary figure working in literature, philosophy, anthropology, consumerism, sociology and history of art. His writing, which included essays, novels, and poetry, explored such subjects as erotism, mysticism, surrealism, and transgression. His work would prove influential on subsequent schools of philosophy and social theory, including poststructuralism.", "Q123531": "Otto F. Walter (5 June 1928 born as Otto Friedrich Walter \u2013 24 September 1994) was a Swiss publisher (Walter Verlag), author and novelist, which is well known in the German language countries. Otto Friedrich Walter was the younger brother of Silja Walter, a Benedictine nun in the Fahr Abbey and also a popular writer.", "Q57538": "John (German: Johann; 12 December 1801 \u2013 29 October 1873) was a King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.\nHe was born in Dresden, the third son of Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Saxony\u2014younger son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony\u2014by his first wife, Carolina of Bourbon, Princess of Parma.\n\n", "Q4800159": "Arthur Rock (born August 19, 1926) is an American businessman and investor. Based in Silicon Valley, California, he was an early investor in major firms including Intel, Apple Computer, Scientific Data Systems and Teledyne.", "Q119849": "Dean Devlin (born August 27, 1962) is an American screenwriter, producer, television and film director and former actor. He is the founder of production company Electric Entertainment.", "Q713859": "Wilbur \"Kansas Joe\" McCoy (May 11, 1905 \u2013 January 28, 1950) was an American Delta blues singer, musician and songwriter.", "Q34935": "Muhammad Rafiq Tarar ( (listen); Urdu: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0691\u200e; born 2 November 1929) is a Pakistani politician and a jurist who served as the ninth President of Pakistan from January 1998 until his resignation in June 2001, and prior to that as a senator from Punjab in 1997. Before entering politics, Tarar served as senior justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan from 1991 to 1994 and as the 28th Chief Justice of Lahore High Court from 1989 to 1991.Tarar was born in Ghakhar Mandi, Gujranwala and graduated with LLB from University of the Punjab in 1951, before starting practice as a lawyer in Lahore High Court the following year. In 1966, he pursued a career as a jurist. Tarar later served as a justice in Pakistan's highest courts. After his retirement at 65, he started a political career as a legal advisor to Nawaz Sharif. Tarar became a senator from Punjab in 1997 and the same year nominated as presidential candidate by PML-N. He was elected as President of Pakistan in historical presidential elections by a huge margin getting 374 out of 457 votes of the Electoral College.Tarar assumed office in January 1998 with heavy criticism by opposition especially from former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto who accused him of illegally legitimizing dismissal of his government as a judge of Supreme Court of Pakistan. As a head of state, Tarar shifted Pakistan's system of government from semi-presidential system to parliamentary democratic system by signing Thirteenth Constitutional Amendment. He surrendered his reserve power of dismissing Prime Minister, triggering new elections and dissolving National Assembly. He also signed the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendment to the constitution that limited the powers of the presidency from executive to a figurehead.Tarar resigned as a President in 2001 following 1999 Pakistani coup d'\u00e9tat. He resisted and did not endorsed the 12 October 1999 military coup. He was forced to step down by then Chief Executive Pervez Musharraf and ultimately succeeded by Musharraf through a referendum held in 2002. Twenty months after seizing power in a coup, General Musharraf took the head of state's oath and became the fourth military ruler to become president.\n\n", "Q8641": "Yiddish (\u05d9\u05d9\u05b4\u05d3\u05d9\u05e9, \u05d9\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05e9 or \u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05e9, yidish or idish, pronounced [\u02c8(j)\u026ad\u026a\u0283], lit.\u2009'\"Jewish\"'; in older sources \u05d9\u05d9\u05b4\u05d3\u05d9\u05e9-\u05d8\u05f2\u05b7\u05d8\u05e9 Yidish-Taitsh, lit. Judaeo-German) is a High-German-derived language historically spoken by the Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a High-German-based vernacular fused with elements taken from Hebrew and Aramaic as well as Slavic languages and traces of Romance languages. Yiddish writing uses the Hebrew alphabet. As of the 1990s, there were around 1.5\u20132 million speakers of Yiddish, mostly Haredi Jews.\nThe earliest surviving references date from the 12th century and call the language \u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05df\u05be\u05d0\u05b7\u05e9\u05db\u05bc\u05e0\u05d6\u200e (loshn-ashknaz, \"language of Ashkenaz\") or \u05d8\u05f2\u05b7\u05d8\u05e9\u200e (taytsh), a variant of tiutsch, the contemporary name for Middle High German. Colloquially, the language is sometimes called \u05de\u05d0\u05b7\u05de\u05e2\u05be\u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05df\u200e (mame-loshn, lit. \"mother tongue\"), distinguishing it from \u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05df\u05be\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3\u05e9\u200e (loshn koydesh, \"holy tongue\"), meaning Hebrew and Aramaic. The term \"Yiddish\", short for Yidish Taitsh (\"Jewish German\"), did not become the most frequently used designation in the literature until the 18th century. In the late 19th and into the 20th century the language was more commonly called \"Jewish\", especially in non-Jewish contexts, but \"Yiddish\" is again the more common designation today.Modern Yiddish has two major forms. Eastern Yiddish is far more common today. It includes Southeastern (Ukrainian\u2013Romanian), Mideastern (Polish\u2013Galician\u2013Eastern Hungarian), and Northeastern (Lithuanian\u2013Belarusian) dialects. Eastern Yiddish differs from Western both by its far greater size and by the extensive inclusion of words of Slavic origin. Western Yiddish is divided into Southwestern (Swiss\u2013Alsatian\u2013Southern German), Midwestern (Central German), and Northwestern (Netherlandic\u2013Northern German) dialects. Yiddish is used in a number of Haredi Jewish communities worldwide; it is the first language of the home, school, and in many social settings among many Haredi Jews, and is used in most Hasidic and some Lithuanian yeshivas.\nThe term \"Yiddish\" is also used in the adjectival sense, synonymously with \"Jewish\", to designate attributes of Yiddishkeit (\"Ashkenazi culture\"; for example, Yiddish cooking and \"Yiddish music\" \u2013 klezmer).Prior to the Holocaust, there were 11\u201313 million speakers of Yiddish among 17 million Jews worldwide. 85% of the approximately 6 million Jews who died in the Holocaust were Yiddish speakers, leading to a massive decline in the use of the language. Assimilation following World War II and aliyah, immigration to Israel, further decreased the use of Yiddish both among survivors and among Yiddish-speakers from other countries (such as in the Americas). However, the number of Yiddish-speakers is increasing in Hasidic communities.", "Q524081": "Rebecca Martin (born April 24, 1969) is an American singer and songwriter from Rumford, Maine.", "Q4722093": "Alfonso Romo Garza (born 1950), known as Alfonso Romo, is a Monterrey businessman, agro-industrialist . He has interests in banking and Mexican politics. He founded the Opci\u00f3n Ciudadana (Citizen Option) party in 2005.Alfonso Romo is owner of VECTOR Casa de Bolsa, the largest fund management company in Latin America.Alfonso Romo was born in Mexico City, Mexico, and attended the Instituto Patria, a grammar, middle and high school then still run by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). He then graduated from the Institute Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, where he received a degree in agricultural engineering.He founded Pulsar International in 1981. A holding company that among other entities included an insurance company, and stock brokerage, the group later expanded into biotechnology and seed production. Apart from its business enterprises, Pulsar supports various cultural, educational and ecological activities. His seed production company was known as Seminis before being sold to Monsanto.\nAlfonso Romo was active in support of former Mexican President Vicente Fox, and a leading proponent of the regional development and integration scheme known as the Puebla-Panama Plan. In 2012, however, he has decided to give his support to the Morena presidential candidate Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador.\nHe is a member of the World Bank's External Advisory Board for Latin America and the Caribbean.Romo is a major financier to the Swedish show jumper Rolf-G\u00f6ran Bengtsson's ventures into the world elite of show jumping.", "Q492327": "Cedric Antonio Kyles (born April 24, 1964) better known by his stage name Cedric the Entertainer, is an American actor, stand-up comedian, and game show host. He hosted BET's ComicView during the 1993\u201394 season and Def Comedy Jam in 1995. He is best known for co-starring with Steve Harvey on The WB sitcom The Steve Harvey Show, as one of The Original Kings of Comedy, and for starring as Eddie Walker in Barbershop. He can also be seen starring on the CBS show \u201cThe Neighborhood\u201d. He hosted the 12th season of the daytime version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire in 2013\u201314 and starred in the TV Land original series The Soul Man, which aired from 2012 until 2016. He has also done voice work for Ice Age, the Madagascar film series, Charlotte's Web and the Planes franchise. In 2019, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q888084": "Mick Wall (born 23 June 1958) is a British music journalist, author, and radio and TV presenter. He has been described as \"the world's leading rock and metal writer\".Wall began his career contributing to the music weekly Sounds in 1977, where he wrote about punk and the new wave, and then rockabilly, funk, New Romantic pop and, eventually, hard rock and heavy metal. In 1979, he left music journalism to become the partner in his own PR firm, Heavy Publicity, aged 20, where he oversaw press campaigns for artists such as Black Sabbath, Journey, REO Speedwagon, Thin Lizzy, Ultravox, The Damned, Dire Straits and several others. In the early 1980s he also worked at Virgin Records as press officer for such artists as Gillan, The Human League, Simple Minds, Japan and others.\nBy 1983, Wall become one of the main journalists in the early days of Kerrang! magazine, where he was their star cover story writer for the next nine years. He subsequently became the founding editor of Classic Rock magazine in 1998, and presented his own television and radio shows on Sky TV (Monsters of Rock), Capital Radio, BBC GLR, BBC Radio 1, Planet Rock and others. He has also guested on several television programmes and documentaries on BBC TV, ITV, Sky One, Channel Four and MTV.\nWall has written many biographies of musicians and bands including Ozzy Osbourne, Iron Maiden, AC/DC, Metallica and Guns N' Roses. The latter mentioned him in their song \"Get in the Ring\" after Wall fell out with his former friend, singer Axl Rose. In April 2016, Wall\nmade an impassioned apology to Rose, acknowledging that the spirit of the book he had written on Axl Rose ten years earlier was \"mean, disgruntled, unworthy. I\u2019m sorry I wrote it.\" He concluded by saying, \"I can\u2019t wait to see what Axl Rose and Guns N\u2019 Roses do next. They are the last of the giants and I am a fan.\"His book Paranoid: Black Days With Sabbath & Other Horror Stories (1999) is a semi-fictionalised account of his substance-abusing days in the 1980s working with some of the biggest rock stars in the world. In 2008, he wrote a biography of Led Zeppelin entitled When Giants Walked the Earth.Wall is also the author of a blog on his official website, consisting of a compendium of domestic affairs and anecdotes from his past. He also co-hosts a podcast called \"Dead Rock Stars\" with fellow writer Joel McIver. In June 2018, The Guardian named \"Dead Rock Stars\" their podcast of the week.", "Q723742": "Lorenzo Robledo (3 July 1918 \u2013 September 2006 in Madrid) was a Spanish film actor, who made over 85 appearances in film between 1956 and 1982. He is a familiar face in Italian westerns, having appeared in a total of 32 Spaghetti Western films throughout the 1960s and early 1970s.Robledo is probably best known in world cinema for his roles in Sergio Leone's Spaghetti Western films of the 1960s and 1970s, portraying minor characters in the trilogy of films A Fistful of Dollars (1964), For a Few Dollars More (1965), The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), and Once Upon a Time in the West in 1968. He acted in many other westerns prolifically including the tortured sheriff in Four of the Apocalypse (1975).His most notable role in Leone's films (where he is more recognizable) is in For a Few Dollars More when he plays the character of a cornered enemy of the main evil villain who tortures him and murders his family before killing him.\nRobledo died in September 2006 in Madrid.", "Q485883": "James Mundell Lowe (April 21, 1922 \u2013 December 2, 2017) was an American jazz guitarist who worked often in radio, television, and film, and as a session musician.\nHe produced film and TV scores in the 1970s, such as the Billy Jack soundtrack and music for Starsky and Hutch, and worked with Andr\u00e9 Previn's Trio in the 1990s.", "Q1247544": "The University of Westminster is a public research university based in London, United Kingdom. Founded in 1838 as the Royal Polytechnic Institution, it was the first polytechnic to open in the UK. The Polytechnic formally received a Royal charter in August 1839, and became the University of Westminster in 1992.Westminster has its main campus in Regent Street in central London, with additional campuses in Fitzrovia, Marylebone and Harrow. It also operates the Westminster International University in Tashkent in Uzbekistan. The university is organised into three colleges and twelve schools, within which there are around 65 departments and centres, including the Communication and Media Research Institute (CAMRI) and the Centre for the Study of Democracy. It also has its Policy Studies Institute, Business School and Law School. Westminster had an income of \u00a3205.1 million for 2017\u20132018, of which \u00a322 million was from funding grants, research grants and contracts.Westminster is ranked 151-200 worldwide by the Times Higher Education Young Universities 2019, which lists the world's best under 50 year old universities. The Communication and Media Research Institute (CAMRI) is ranked 40th in the world by the QS World University Rankings 2018. The university is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Association of MBAs, EFMD, EQUIS, the European University Association and Universities UK.\nWestminster's alumni include a Nobel laureate in Medicine, the inventor of cordite, heads of state, politicians and mayors, Olympians, scientists, BAFTA and Oscar winning filmmakers, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees, Grammy Award winning musicians, journalists, and poets.\n\n", "Q628165": "A road movie is a film genre in which the main characters leave home on a road trip, typically altering the perspective from their everyday lives. Road movies often depict travel in the hinterlands, with the films exploring the theme of alienation and examining the tensions and issues of the cultural identity of a nation or historical period; this is all often enmeshed in a mood of actual or potential menace, lawlessness, and violence, a \"distinctly existential air\" and is populated by restless, \"frustrated, often desperate characters\". The setting includes not just the close confines of the car as it moves on highways and roads, but also booths in diners and rooms in roadside motels, all of which helps to create intimacy and tension between the characters. Road movies tend to focus on the theme of masculinity (with the man often going through some type of crisis), some type of rebellion, car culture, and self-discovery. The core theme of road movies is \"rebellion against conservative social norms\".There are two main narratives: the quest and the outlaw chase. In the quest-style film, the story meanders as the characters make discoveries (e.g., Two-Lane Blacktop from 1971). In outlaw road movies, in which the characters are fleeing from law enforcement, there is usually more sex and violence (e.g., Natural Born Killers from 1994). Road films tend to focus more on characters' internal conflicts and transformations, based on their feelings as they experience new realities on their trip, rather than on the dramatic movement-based sequences that predominate in action films. Road movies do not typically use the standard three-act structure used in mainstream films; instead, an \"open-ended, rambling plot structure\" is used.The road movie keeps its characters \"on the move\", and as such the \"car, the tracking shot, [and] wide and wild open space\" are important iconography elements, similar to a Western movie. As well, the road movie is similar to a Western in that road films are also about a \"frontiersmanship\" and about the codes of discovery (often self-discovery). Road movies often use the music from the car stereo, which the characters are listening to, as the soundtrack and in 1960s and 1970s road movies, rock music is often used (e.g., Easy Rider from 1969 used a rock soundtrack of songs from Jimi Hendrix, The Byrds and Steppenwolf).\nWhile early road movies from the 1930s focused on heterosexual couples, in post-World War II films, usually the travellers are male buddies, although in some cases, women are depicted on the road, either as temporary companions, or more rarely, as the protagonist couple (e.g., Thelma & Louise from 1991). The genre can also be parodied, or have protagonists that depart from the typical heterosexual couple or buddy paradigm, as with The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (1994), which depicts a group of drag queens who tour the Australian desert. Other examples of the increasing diversity of the drivers shown in 1990s and subsequent decades' road films are The Living End (1992), about two gay, HIV-positive men on a road trip; To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar (1995), which is about drag queens, and Smoke Signals (1998), which is about two Indigenous men. While rare, there are some road movies about large groups on the road (Get on the Bus from 1996) and lone drivers (Vanishing Point from 1971).", "Q336806": "Domenico Fontana (1543 \u2013 28 June 1607) was an Italian architect of the late Renaissance, born in today's Ticino. He worked primarily in Italy, at Rome and Naples.", "Q82339": "Clovis (Latin: Chlodovechus; reconstructed Frankish: *Hl\u014ddowig; c. 466 \u2013 27 November 511) was the first king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler, changing the form of leadership from a group of royal chieftains to rule by a single king and ensuring that the kingship was passed down to his heirs. He is considered to have been the founder of the Merovingian dynasty, which ruled the Frankish kingdom for the next two centuries.\nClovis succeeding his father, Childeric I, as a king of Salian Franks within the Roman empire in 481, and eventually came to rule an area extending from what is now the southern Netherlands to northern France, corresponding in Roman terms to Gallia Belgica (northern Gaul). At the Battle of Soissons (486) he took full control of a rump state of the Western Roman Empire there which had been controlled by Syagrius. By the time of his death in either 511 or 513, he had also conquered smaller Frankish kingdoms towards the northeast, the Alemanni to the east, and Visigothic kingdom of Aquitania to the south.\nClovis is important in the historiography of France as \"the first king of what would become France\".Clovis is also significant due to his conversion to Catholicism in 496, largely at the behest of his wife, Clotilde, who would later be venerated as a saint for this act, celebrated today in both the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church. Clovis was baptized on Christmas Day in 508. The adoption by Clovis of Catholicism (as opposed to the Arianism of most other Germanic tribes) led to widespread conversion among the Frankish peoples, to religious unification across what is now modern-day France, Belgium and Germany, and three centuries later to Charlemagne's alliance with the Bishop of Rome and in the middle of the 10th century under Otto I the Great to the consequent birth of the early Holy Roman Empire.", "Q519466": "Jake E Lee (born Jakey Lou Williams, February 15, 1957) is an American guitarist signed to Frontiers Records. He is best known for playing with Ozzy Osbourne between 1982 and 1987 and later in Badlands with Ray Gillen. He formed the band Red Dragon Cartel in 2013. Their eponymous first album was released in January 2014 and entered at no. 69 on Billboard's Album Charts. He has also recorded solo works under his own name\u2014examples being the instrumental album A Fine Pink Mist (1996) and cover album Retraced (2005).", "Q7739685": "The Hill School (commonly known as The Hill) is a coeducational preparatory boarding school located on a 200-acre (81 ha) campus. in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, about 35 mi (56 km) northwest of Philadelphia. The Hill is part of the Ten Schools Admissions Organization (TSAO).\nThe school is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools.", "Q389548": "What's Your Number? is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Mark Mylod and starring Anna Faris and Chris Evans. Written by Gabrielle Allan and Jennifer Crittenden, it is based on Karyn Bosnak's book 20 Times a Lady. The film was released on September 30, 2011.", "Q314319": "Cody R. Simpson (born 11 January 1997) is an Australian singer, songwriter, dancer, actor, and model.Since his debut, he has released three solo studio albums: Paradise (2012), Surfers Paradise (2013), andFree (2015).\nHe had portrayed the lead role of Dmitry in the Broadway musical Anastasia from November 2018 through April 2019. The same year he won the first season of The Masked Singer (Australia).\n\n", "Q571916": "Radomir \"To\u010dak\" Mihailovi\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0420\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b \u0422\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043a; translation of his nickname being The Wheel; born 13 June 1950) is a Serbian rock guitarist. He is best known as the guitarist for the Serbian and former Yugoslav rock band Smak.", "Q413": "Physics (from Ancient Greek: \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae (\u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7), romanized: physik\u1e17 (epist\u1e17m\u0113), lit. 'knowledge of nature', from \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 ph\u00fdsis 'nature') is the natural science that studies matter, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over much of the past two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy.\nAdvances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism, solid-state physics, and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.", "Q47703": "The Godfather is a 1972 American crime film directed by Francis Ford Coppola and produced by Albert S. Ruddy, based on Mario Puzo's best-selling novel of the same name. It is the first installment in The Godfather trilogy. The film features an ensemble cast including Marlon Brando, Al Pacino, James Caan, Richard Castellano, Robert Duvall, Sterling Hayden, John Marley, Richard Conte, and Diane Keaton. The story, spanning from 1945 to 1955, chronicles the Corleone family under patriarch Vito Corleone (Brando), focusing on the transformation of one of his sons, Michael Corleone (Pacino), from reluctant family outsider to ruthless mafia boss.\nParamount Pictures obtained the rights to the novel for the price of $80,000, before it gained popularity. Studio executives had trouble finding a director; their first few candidates turned down the position before Coppola signed on to direct the film. They and Coppola disagreed over the casting for several characters, in particular, Vito and Michael. Filming took place primarily on location around New York and in Sicily, and was completed ahead of schedule. The musical score was composed principally by Nino Rota, with additional pieces by Carmine Coppola.\nThe Godfather premiered at the Loew's State Theatre on March 14, 1972, and was released wider in the United States on March 24, 1972. It was the highest-grossing film of 1972, and was for a time the highest-grossing film ever made, with a gross between $246 million and $287 million at the box office. The film received universal acclaim from critics and audiences, with praise going toward the performances of its cast, particularly by Brando and Pacino, the directing, screenplay, cinematography, editing, score, and portrayal of the mafia. The film revitalized Brando's career, which was in decline during the 1960s. In addition to starring in films such as Last Tango in Paris, Superman, and Apocalypse Now, Brando was a catalyst in this film for the successful careers of Coppola, Pacino, and other relative newcomers in the cast. At the 45th Academy Awards, the film won the Oscars for Best Picture, Best Actor (Brando), and Best Adapted Screenplay (for Puzo and Coppola). In addition, the seven other Oscar nominations included Pacino, Caan, and Duvall for Best Supporting Actor, and Coppola for Best Director.\nSince its release, The Godfather has been widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made, especially in the gangster genre. It was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 1990, being deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" and is ranked the second-greatest film in American cinema (behind Citizen Kane) by the American Film Institute. It was followed by sequels The Godfather Part II (1974) and The Godfather Part III (1990).", "Q211513": "Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev (; Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u044f\u0301\u0433\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432, IPA: [s\u02b2\u026a\u02c8r\u0261\u02b2ej \u02c8pav\u026bov\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8d\u02b2\u00e6\u0261\u02b2\u026al\u02b2\u026af]; 31 March [O.S. 19 March] 1872 \u2013 19 August 1929), usually referred to outside Russia as Serge Diaghilev, was a Russian art critic, patron, ballet impresario and founder of the Ballets Russes, from which many famous dancers and choreographers would arise.", "Q624987": "Bruce Pandolfini (born September 17, 1947) is an American chess author, teacher, and coach. A USCF national master, he is generally considered to be America's most experienced chess teacher. As a coach and trainer, Pandolfini has possibly conducted more chess sessions than anyone in the world. By the summer of 2015 he had given an estimated 25,000 private and group lessons. Pandolfini's playing career ended in 1970 after a loss to Grandmaster Larry Evans at the National Open in Las Vegas in 1970. After his final tournament game, his official USCF rating was 2241.", "Q1351454": "William Michael \"Hoot\" Hootkins (July 5, 1948 \u2013 October 23, 2005) was an American character actor, best known for supporting roles in Hollywood blockbusters such as Star Wars, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and Batman.", "Q172030": "McLaren Racing Limited is a British motor racing team based at the McLaren Technology Centre, Woking, Surrey, England. McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor and also has a history of competing in American open wheel racing as both an entrant and a chassis constructor, and has won the Canadian-American Challenge Cup (Can-Am) sports car racing championship. The team is the second oldest active, and second most successful Formula One team after Ferrari, having won 182 races, 12 Drivers' Championships and eight Constructors' Championships. The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McLaren Group.\nFounded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren, the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix, but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am, which they dominated from 1967 to 1971. Further American triumph followed, with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976. After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970, Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One Constructors' Championship in 1974, with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the Drivers' Championship in 1974 and 1976 respectively. The year 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris' Marlboro cigarette brand.\nIn 1981, McLaren merged with Ron Dennis' Project Four Racing; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team. This began the team's most successful era: with Porsche and Honda engines, Niki Lauda, Alain Prost, and Ayrton Senna took between them seven Drivers' Championships and the team took six Constructors' Championships. The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant\u2014together they won all but one race in 1988\u2014but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari. Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period, the two winning every constructors' title between 1984 and 1994. However, by the mid-1990s, Honda had withdrawn from Formula One, Senna had moved to Williams, and the team went three seasons without a win. With Mercedes-Benz engines, West sponsorship, and former Williams designer Adrian Newey, further championships came in 1998 and 1999 with driver Mika H\u00e4kkinen, and during the 2000s the team were consistent front-runners, driver Lewis Hamilton taking their latest title in 2008.\nRon Dennis retired as McLaren team principal in 2009, handing over to long time McLaren employee Martin Whitmarsh. However, at the end of 2013, after the team's worst season since 2004, Whitmarsh was ousted. McLaren announced in 2013 that they would be using Honda engines from 2015 onwards, replacing Mercedes-Benz. The team raced as McLaren Honda for the first time since 1992 at the 2015 Australian Grand Prix. In September 2017, McLaren announced they had agreed on an engine supply with Renault from 2018 to 2020. McLaren will return to use Mercedes-Benz engines from the 2021 season until at least 2024.After initially returning to the Indianapolis 500 in 2017 as a partner to Andretti Autosport to run Fernando Alonso, McLaren announced in August 2019 that they would run in conjunction with Arrow Schmidt Peterson Motorsports starting in 2020 to run the full IndyCar Series, the combined entry being named Arrow McLaren SP.", "Q782832": "Carlo Alfredo Piatti (8 January 1822 \u2013 18 July 1901) was an Italian cellist, teacher and composer.", "Q435826": "Barbi Benton (born Barbara Lynn Klein; January 28, 1950) is an American model, actress, television personality and singer. She is known for appearing in Playboy magazine, as a four-season regular on the comedy series Hee Haw, and for recording several modestly successful albums in the 1970s. She retired from show business in the 1980s to raise her children.", "Q267485": "Edward Henry Butler Vaizey (born 5 June 1968) is a former Conservative politician in Britain. \nHe was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Wantage at the 2005 general election, and was reelected in the 2010 general election being again returned to the House of Commons in the 2015 election, with an increased majority each time. He was reelected in the 2017 election.\nFrom 2010 to 2016 he served as Minister for Culture, Communications and Creative Industries, with responsibilities in the Departments for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) and for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) having served as the Shadow Minister for Culture from 2006 to 2010. He was appointed a member of the Privy Council in July 2016. \nA former barrister, Vaizey has also been a regular media columnist and political commentator.Vaizey was one of the group of 21 MPs who had the Conservative Whip removed in September 2019, sitting as an independent politician until having the whip restored on 29 October 2019. On 6 November 2019 Vaizey announced his decision not to stand for re-election in the 2019 general election.\n\n", "Q188822": "The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional development bank established on 19 December 1966, which is headquartered in the Ortigas Center located in the city of Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines. The company also maintains 31 field offices around the world to promote social and economic development in Asia. The bank admits the members of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP, formerly the Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East or ECAFE) and non-regional developed countries. From 31 members at its establishment, ADB now has 68 members.\nThe ADB was modeled closely on the World Bank, and has a similar weighted voting system where votes are distributed in proportion with members' capital subscriptions. ADB releases an annual report that summarizes its operations, budget and other materials for review by the public. The ADB-Japan Scholarship Program (ADB-JSP) enrolls about 300 students annually in academic institutions located in 10 countries within the Region. Upon completion of their study programs, scholars are expected to contribute to the economic and social development of their home countries. ADB is an official United Nations Observer.As of 31 December 2016, Japan holds the largest proportion of shares at 15.677%, closely followed by United States with 15.567% capital share. China holds 6.473%, India holds 6.359%, and Australia holds 5.812%.", "Q1928989": "The Treaty on Open Skies entered into force on January 1, 2002, and currently has 35 party states. It establishes a program of unarmed aerial surveillance flights over the entire territory of its participants. The treaty is designed to enhance mutual understanding and confidence by giving all participants, regardless of size, a direct role in gathering information about military forces and activities of concern to them. Open Skies is one of the most wide-ranging international efforts to date promoting openness and transparency of military forces and activities. The concept of \"mutual aerial observation\" was initially proposed to Soviet Premier Nikolai Bulganin at the Geneva Conference of 1955 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower; however, the Soviets promptly rejected the concept and it lay dormant for several years. The treaty was eventually signed as an initiative of U.S. president (and former Central Intelligence Agency Director) George H. W. Bush in 1989. Negotiated by the then-members of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, the agreement was signed in Helsinki, Finland, on March 24, 1992.This treaty is not related to civil-aviation open skies agreements.[1]", "Q827101": "Volker Banfield (born 9 May 1944, Oberaudorf, Bavaria) is a German classical pianist.He studied at the Nordwestdeutsche Musikakademie in Detmold, beginning at age 14. Afterward he moved to the United States and studied at the Juilliard School (with Adele Marcus) and at the University of Texas (with Leonard Shure). He then returned to live in Germany and toured extensively. His repertory emphasized late 19th century and 20th century music featuring works by Bart\u00f3k, Debussy, Messiaen, Prokofiev, Rachmaninoff, and Scriabin. The contemporary composers Gy\u00f6rgy Ligeti and Detlev M\u00fcller-Siemens have dedicated works to him. He has also become identified with the works of Schumann. He held a professorship at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik und Theater Hamburg until 2009.\nHe recorded four CDs for Wergo, and additional albums for CPO, including a performance of Ferruccio Busoni's Piano Concerto together with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra which was awarded a Diapason d'Or, and the world-premiere recording of Hans Pfitzner's Piano Concerto.", "Q57276": "Michael Daniel Higgins (Irish: M\u00edche\u00e1l D\u00f3nal \u00d3 hUig\u00ednn; born 18 April 1941) is an Irish politician, poet, sociologist, and broadcaster, who has served as the ninth President of Ireland since November 2011. He served as a Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) for the Galway West constituency from 1981 to 1982 and 1987 to 2011. He served as Minister for Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht from 1993 to 1997 and Mayor of Galway from 1981 to 1982 and 1990 to 1991. He was a senator from 1973 to 1977, upon being nominated by the taoiseach and from 1983 to 1987 for the National University of Ireland. He was the President of the Labour Party from 2003 to 2011, until he resigned following his election as President of Ireland.He has used his time in office to address issues concerning justice, social equality, social inclusion, anti-sectarianism, anti-racism and reconciliation. He made the first state visit by an Irish president to the United Kingdom in April 2014.\nHiggins ran for a second term as President of Ireland in 2018 and was re-elected in a landslide victory. Higgins attained the largest personal mandate in the history of the Republic of Ireland, with 822,566 first preference votes. Higgins' second presidential inauguration took place on 11 November 2018.", "Q4942356": "Bonnie Hammer (born 1950) is an American network and studio executive. As of 2019, her title within the Comcast hierarchy is Chairman, NBCUniversal Content Studios, overseeing Universal Content Productions, Universal Television and NBCUniversal International Studios.", "Q153940": "Christian I (February 1426 \u2013 21 May 1481) was a Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union. He was king of Denmark (1448\u20131481), Norway (1450\u20131481) and Sweden (1457\u20131464). From 1460 to 1481, he was also duke of Schleswig (within Denmark) and count (after 1474, duke) of Holstein (within the Holy Roman Empire). He was the first king of the House of Oldenburg.In the power vacuum that arose following the death of King Christopher of Bavaria (1416\u20131448) without a direct heir, Sweden elected Charles VIII of Sweden (1408\u20131470) king with the intent to reestablish the union under a Swedish king. Charles was elected king of Norway in the following year. However the counts of Holstein made the Danish Privy Council appoint Christian as king of Denmark. His subsequent accessions to the thrones of Norway (in 1450) and Sweden (in 1457), restored the unity of the Kalmar Union for a short period. In 1463, Sweden broke away from the union and Christian's attempt at a reconquest resulted in his defeat to the Swedish regent Sten Sture the Elder at the Battle of Brunkeberg in 1471.In 1460, following the death of his uncle, Duke Adolphus of Schleswig, Count of Holstein, Christian also became Duke of Schleswig and Count of Holstein.", "Q142695": "Elite Squad: The Enemy Within (Portuguese: Tropa de Elite 2 \u2013 O Inimigo Agora \u00e9 Outro, lit. ''Elite Troop 2: The Enemy is Now Another''; also known as Elite Squad 2) is a 2010 Brazilian crime film directed, produced and co-written by Jos\u00e9 Padilha, starring Wagner Moura. It is a sequel to 2007 film Elite Squad. It furthers the plot of a semi-fictional account of BOPE (Portuguese: Batalh\u00e3o de Opera\u00e7\u00f5es Policiais Especiais), the special operations force of the Rio de Janeiro Military Police, with a focus on the relationship between law enforcement and politics. The film was released in Brazil on October 8, 2010.Like its predecessor, the film was met with critical acclaim and became the largest box office ticket seller and highest-grossing film of all time in Brazil, ahead of Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands and Avatar, respectively. It was selected as the Brazilian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards, but did not make the final shortlist.", "Q1272299": "Albert Goodwill Spalding (September 2, 1849 \u2013 September 9, 1915) was an American pitcher, manager, and executive in the early years of professional baseball, and the co-founder of A.G. Spalding sporting goods company. He was born and raised in Byron, Illinois yet graduated from Rockford Central High School in Rockford, Illinois. He played major league baseball between 1871 and 1878. Spalding set a trend when he started wearing a baseball glove.\nAfter his retirement as a player, Spalding remained active with the Chicago White Stockings as president and part-owner. In the 1880s, he took players on the first world tour of baseball. With William Hulbert, Spalding organized the National League. He later called for the commission that investigated the origins of baseball and credited Abner Doubleday with creating the game. He also wrote the first set of official baseball rules.\nHe was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939.", "Q496627": "Lee Chul-seung (or Yi Cheol-seung, Lee Chul-sung or Lee Chul Sung) (Hangul:\uc774\ucca0\uc2b9, Hanja:\u674e\u54f2\u627f; May 15, 1922 \u2013 February 27, 2016) was a South Korean 7-term National Assemblyman (lawmaker, conservative) and a founding father of the Republic of Korea after the Korean War (1950\u20131953). A political heavyweight, Lee was an independence and democracy fighter and leader; anti-communism; anti-military rule; anti-Japanese rule; an advocate of bipartisanship particularly when it came to national security; and an advocate of non-governmental organizations. After Korea was liberated from Japanese colonial rule in 1945, Lee \"led a student union that opposed a trusteeship, under which Korea would be governed by foreign powers after World War II, and entered politics in 1954 after winning a parliamentary seat.\" Lee and his two political rivals former President Kim Young-sam and former President Kim Dae-jung were famous for their political competition and the establishment and development of democracy in South Korea. He was given an honorable burial for his life contributions at the Seoul National Cemetery on March 2, 2016 where former South Korean presidents are also buried.", "Q58145": "Mourad Medelci (Arabic: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0633\u064a\u200e; 30 April 1943 \u2013 28 January 2019) was an Algerian politician who served in the government of Algeria as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2007 to 2013. He was President of the Constitutional Council of Algeria from 2013 until his death in 2019.", "Q442310": "Mary Ellen Trainor (July 8, 1952 \u2013 May 20, 2015) was an American character actress best remembered as Dr. Stephanie Woods (an LAPD psychiatrist) in the Lethal Weapon films and as Irene Walsh (Mikey and Brand's mom) in The Goonies. She also appeared in numerous other well-known films including Romancing the Stone, The Monster Squad, Die Hard, Death Becomes Her, Forrest Gump, and Freaky Friday (2003).", "Q68086": "Les Breuleux is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.", "Q12208891": "Hamoud bin Abdulaziz al Saud (1947 \u2013 26 February 1994) was the only child of Futaimah Al-Yamania and the youngest (not to die in his birthyear) and reportedly 36th son of Ibn Saud (the founder of Saudi Arabia) to live to adulthood. He is the only one not represented in the Allegiance Council originally (later joined in similar circumstances by Prince Fawwaz upon his death) because he died without sons, only having one daughter. Some sources say that he died in Saudi Arabia while talking with King Fahd. He was also sometimes threatened by his brothers because he was the youngest of all his siblings. He had a younger half-brother, Jiluwi (II), who was born in 1952, but died the same year. He was the youngest surviving son of Abdulaziz until his death in 1994, making Muqrin bin Abdulaziz the youngest surviving son of Ibn Saud.\n\n", "Q315761": "Brian Jeffrey Krause (born February 1, 1969) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Leo Wyatt on The WB television series Charmed (1998\u20132006) and for portraying the lead role of Charles Brady in the 1992 horror film Sleepwalkers.", "Q1683929": "Almir Santana Chediak (June 21, 1950 \u2013 May 25, 2003) was a Brazilian musical producer, entrepreneur, publisher, guitarist, teacher, composer, writer and researcher.\nAlmir Chediak was born into a Lebanese immigrant family and grew up on the state of Minas Gerais. He showed an early aptitude for music, starting guitar lessons at 7. As he moved to live in Rio de Janeiro at the age of 13, he started studying guitar under the instructions of reputed guitarist of that time Dino 7 Cordas. Precociously at age of 17, Chediak already began working professionally as a guitar instructor and also scoring soundtracks for films directed by Jece Valad\u00e3o and others, also writing string and horn arrangements for recording sessions. Still young, he recorded a single with the actress and Belgian model living in Brazil Annik Malvil, introducer of the little tube dress fashion in the 1960s. His students included the likes of Gal Costa, Nara Le\u00e3o, Cazuza, Tim Maia, Carlos Lyra, and Elba Ramalho, among numerous others.In 1984, Almir Chediak launched his first book \"The Dictionary of Notated Chords\" and in 1986 he founded his own publishing house, the \"Lumiar Record\". At the same year, he launched his second book \"Methods of Harmony and Improvisation\". Both of his works are widely used in Brazil and have been influential in training the generation of young Brazilian musicians now entering their prime.In 1988 Almir Chediak introduced the Songbook series of Brazilian Popular Music elaborating the precise transcription of the complete lyrics, melodies and harmonies of leading composers for publication in songbooks establishing a written library to guarantee Brazilian music would survive for future generations to study and enjoy. The idea was born when Chediak was giving guitar lessons to the son of Caetano Veloso in the mid-1980s and found that Veloso was often at a loss to remember what chords he had played or the words he had sung on a particular song. It included the definitive versions of nearly 200 of Veloso's songs.\nIn 1991, Almir Chediak launched his publishing house of CDs \"Lumiar Discos\" and the Songbooks were now accompanied by CD's that had new and innovative versions of the songs performed by other leading names of Brazilian popular music. He produced those albums, and was widely praised for rescuing obscure songs and for persuading artists to record songs that were thought to be at odds with their usual styles or public images. Now everyone in Brazil and outside the country would be able to sing and play the songs, with their proper harmonies whenever they want, and that was never before done until Chediak starts his enterprises.\nIn all, Chediak edited 18 songbooks, featuring artists like Gilberto Gil, Chico Buarque, Djavan, Noel Rosa and Ary Barroso.\nWhile nearing completion on a songbook retrospective of Jo\u00e3o Bosco and writing a biography of singer Tim Maia, Chediak was attacked by robbers and was shot to death. He was 52 years old.", "Q104818": "Axel Schock (born 11 September 1965 in Neckarbischofsheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) is a German journalist and author.\nSchock grew up in Sinsheim. He studied literature and theater at the Free University of Berlin. In 1982 he published his first work and in 1985 received the Scheffelpreis, a prize in literature awarded to high school graduates.\nHe lives openly gay in Berlin and works as a journalist and editor for different magazines and newspapers, including the gay magazine Hinnerk in Hamburg and citymag Berlin. As a freelance author, he writes articles for daily newspapers like Berliner Zeitung, taz and Berliner Morgenpost. Schock also writes features for radio (for example RIAS Berlin, DeutschlandRadio and Radio 100) and for TV. He has also written under a pseudonym.", "Q69398": "Tolochenaz is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Morges.", "Q295175": "Theuderic III (or Theuderich, Theoderic, or Theodoric; in French, Thierry) (c.651\u2013691) was the king of Neustria (including Burgundy) on two occasions (673 and 675\u2013691) and king of Austrasia from 679 to his death in 691. Thus, he was the king of all the Franks from 679. The son of Clovis II and Balthild, he has been described as a puppet \u2013 a roi fain\u00e9ant \u2013 of Ebroin, the Mayor of the Palace, who may have even appointed him without the support of the nobles.\nHe succeeded his brother Chlothar III in Neustria in 673, but Childeric II of Austrasia displaced him soon thereafter until he died in 675 and Theuderic retook his throne. He fought a war against Dagobert II. His forces under Ebroin were victorious at the Battle of Lucofao. When Dagobert died in 679, Theuderic became king of Austrasia as well, unifying the Frankish realms.\nHe and the Neustrian mayor of the palace, Waratton, made peace with Pepin of Heristal, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, in 681. However, on Waratton's death in 686, the new mayor, Berthar, made war with Austrasia and Pepin vanquished the Burgundo-Neustrian army under Berthar and Theuderic (a Neustrian) at the Battle of Tertry in 687, thus paving the way for Austrasian dominance of the Frankish state.", "Q85330": "Maximilian Br\u00fcckner (born 10 January 1979) is a German actor. He has won numerous awards including the Deutscher Kritikerpreis in 2006 and received a European Shooting Stars Award in 2007.", "Q36844": "Robyn Rihanna Fenty ( ree-AN-\u0259; born February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman, who has been recognized for embracing various musical styles and reinventing her image throughout her career.\nBorn in Saint Michael and raised in Bridgetown, Barbados, Rihanna moved to the US in 2005, when she signed with Def Jam Recordings. She earned significant recognition following the release of her first two studio albums, Music of the Sun (2005) and A Girl like Me (2006), both of which were influenced by Caribbean music and peaked within the top ten of the US Billboard 200 chart. Rihanna's third studio album, Good Girl Gone Bad (2007), incorporated more elements of dance-pop and catapulted her to greater stardom, establishing her status as a sex symbol and a leading figure in the music industry. Its international chart-topping single \"Umbrella\" earned Rihanna her first Grammy Award, winning Best Rap/Sung Collaboration.\nRihanna extended her fusion of pop, dance, and R&B on her next four studio albums, Rated R (2009), Loud (2010), Talk That Talk (2011), and the Grammy Award-winning Unapologetic (2012). All four releases incorporated experimentation of various musical styles and consolidated Rihanna's international chart success, Unapologetic being her first number-one album in the US. The records spawned a string of chart-topping singles, including \"Rude Boy\", \"Only Girl (In the World)\", \"What's My Name?\", \"S&M\", \"We Found Love\", \"Diamonds\", and \"Stay\". Her eighth studio album, Anti (2016), showcased her control over artistic creativity after her departure from Def Jam. It became her second US number-one album and featured the chart-topping single \"Work\". Besides solo materials, Rihanna has collaborated with recording artists such as Drake, Eminem, and Calvin Harris.\nHaving sold over 250 million records, Rihanna is one of the world's best-selling music artists. She has earned 14 number-one singles, 31 top-ten singles in the US, and 30 top-ten entries in the UK. Her accolades include nine Grammy Awards, 13 American Music Awards, 12 Billboard Music Awards, and six Guinness World Records. Forbes ranked her among the top ten highest-paid celebrities in 2012 and 2014, and Time named her as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012 and 2018. Alongside a successful music career, Rihanna is well known for her involvement in humanitarian causes, entrepreneurial ventures, and the fashion industry. She is the founder of the nonprofit organization Clara Lionel Foundation, cosmetics brand Fenty Beauty, and fashion house Fenty under LVMH. In 2018, the Government of Barbados appointed her as an ambassador with duties promoting education, tourism and investment.", "Q174327": "David John Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville, HonFRS, HonFREng (born 24 October 1940), is an English politician, businessman and philanthropist. From 1992 to 1997, he served as the chair of Sainsbury's, the supermarket chain established by his great-grandfather John James Sainsbury in 1869.\nHe was made a life peer in 1997 as a member of the Labour Party, and is on a leave of absence from the House of Lords since 15 July 2013. He served in the government as the Minister for Science and Innovation from 1998 and 2006.\nHe is a major donor to the University of Cambridge and in 2011 was elected Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. He also made the largest donation in British political history, giving \u00a38 million to the Liberal Democrats.", "Q1441408": "Sir Francis Bond Head, 1st Baronet KCH PC (1 January 1793 \u2013 20 July 1875), known as \"Galloping Head\", was Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada during the rebellion of 1837.", "Q734558": "Roberto Alfredo Perfumo (3 October 1942 \u2013 10 March 2016) was an Argentine footballer and sports commentator. Nicknamed El Mariscal, Perfumo is considered as one of the best Argentine defenders ever. At club level, Perfumo played for Racing, River Plate and Brazilian team Cruzeiro. With the national team, he played the 1966 and 1974 World Cups.", "Q450714": "Dwight Arrington Myers (May 24, 1967 \u2013 November 8, 2011), better known as Heavy D, was a Jamaican-born American rapper, record producer, singer and actor. Myers was the former leader of Heavy D & the Boyz, a group which included dancers/background vocalists G-Whiz (Glen Parrish), \"Trouble\" T. Roy (Troy Dixon), and Eddie F (born Edward Ferrell). The group maintained a sizable audience in the United States through most of the 1990s. The five albums the group released were produced by Teddy Riley, Marley Marl, DJ Premier, his cousin Pete Rock, and Eddie F. Myers had released four albums, five with Heavy D & the Boyz and discovered Soul for Real and Monifah.", "Q447268": "Dorothy Miller Richardson (17 May 1873 \u2013 17 June 1957) was a British author and journalist. Author of Pilgrimage, a sequence of 13 semi-autobiographical novels published between 1915 and 1967\u2014though Richardson saw them as chapters of one work\u2014she was one of the earliest modernist novelists to use stream of consciousness as a narrative technique. Richardson also emphasizes in Pilgrimage the importance and distinct nature of female experiences. The title Pilgrimage alludes not only to \"the journey of the artist ... to self-realization but, more practically, to the discovery of a unique creative form and expression\".", "Q222867": "2 Fast 2 Furious is a 2003 action adventure film directed by John Singleton and written by Michael Brandt and Derek Haas. A standalone sequel to The Fast and the Furious (2001), it is the second installment in the Fast & Furious franchise and stars Paul Walker, Tyrese Gibson, Eva Mendes, Cole Hauser, Chris \"Ludacris\" Bridges, and James Remar. 2 Fast 2 Furious follows Brian O'Conner (Walker) and Roman Pearce (Gibson) who team up to go undercover for the U.S. Customs Service to bring down drug lord Carter Verone (Hauser) in exchange for the erasure of their criminal records.\nPlans for a The Fast and the Furious sequel were developed immediately following the box office success of the first entry. Early treatments for a sequel initially featured the returns of both Vin Diesel and Walker, however, the former declined, instead opting to star in The Chronicles of Riddick (2004). As a result of this, Universal Studios delayed the start of filming to allow for script rewrites, which subsequently allowed for the franchise's long-running characters of Roman Pearce and Tej Parker to be introduced.In August 2002, John Singleton, who critically praised the first film, was announced to direct the second in place of Rob Cohen, who left the franchise after directing the previous installment. Principal photography began in Miami in October 2002, with the majority of filming being done on location in Miami and South Florida.2 Fast 2 Furious was released in the United States on June 6, 2003. The film was a commercial success, grossing over $236 million worldwide, quickly becoming the highest-grossing film in the franchise and the 16th highest-grossing film of 2003. It received generally mixed reviews at the time of release, with praise being aimed at the film's action sequences and the performances of Walker and Gibson, but criticism for its storyline and its excessive dialouge, and was nominated for two awards at the 24th Golden Raspberry Awards. In later years, however, the film was reassessed by some critics who noted it as an underrated entry in the franchise. Another standalone sequel, The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift, was released on June 16, 2006.", "Q45672": "The Last Stand is a 2013 American action thriller film directed by South Korean film director Kim Jee-woon in his American directorial debut. The film stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, Johnny Knoxville, Forest Whitaker, Jaimie Alexander and Rodrigo Santoro and was written by Andrew Knauer. This was Arnold Schwarzenegger's first lead acting role since Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines in 2003. The film focuses on a tough small town sheriff and his deputies who must stop a dangerous drug lord from escaping to Mexico in a modified sports car.\nFilming took place in Belen, New Mexico and Nevada in late 2011. The film premiered on January 14, 2013, at Grauman's Chinese Theatre and was released on January 18, 2013, by Lionsgate, receiving mixed-to-positive reviews from critics and grossing $48.3 million worldwide against a $45 million budget.", "Q53010": "Marco Bellocchio (Italian: [\u02c8marko bel\u02c8l\u0254kkjo]; born 9 November 1939) is an Italian film director, screenwriter, and actor.", "Q87527": "Erich Bachem (12 August 1906 in M\u00fclheim an der Ruhr - 25 March 1960) was a German engineer.\nIn the 1930s Erich Bachem designed the Aero-Sport camping trailer built from plywood by the glider company Wolf Hirth in Kirchheim unter Teck. Until 1942 Bachem served as technical director for the aircraft manufacturer Fieseler. In February 1942 he founded Bachem-Werke GmbH, a supplier of spare parts for the aircraft industry, in Waldsee, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.\nIn 1944, he designed for the SS the vertical take-off manned rocket plane Bachem Ba 349 Natter. The only manned test flight on 1 March 1945 ended with pilot Lothar Sieber being killed.\nIn 1947/48 Erich Bachem left Germany through Denmark and Sweden in order to settle in Argentina. Possibly he wished to escape US agents who planned to send him to the USA with Wernher von Braun's group as part of Operation Overcast. In Argentina, among other things, he constructed a factory for guitars with interchangeable bottoms.\nIn 1952 Bachem returned to Germany to become technical director for the company of his father-in-law Heinrich Wilhelm Schwarz, Ruhrthaler Maschinenfabrik Schwarz & Dyckerhoff GmbH, in M\u00fclheim. There he developed the modern streamlined mine locomotive Ruhrthaler Vollsicht along with various other pieces of mining machinery and long-distance diesel locomotives. He occupied this position until his untimely death.\nFrom 1957, together with Erwin Hymer at Hymer, he designed camping trailers sold as Eriba (Erich Bachem, or possibly Erika Bachem after his wife) with names like Troll, Puck, Touring, Nova.", "Q263185": "Rosalyn Tureck (December 14, 1913 \u2013 July 17, 2003) was an American pianist and harpsichordist who was particularly associated with the music of Johann Sebastian Bach. However, she had a wide-ranging repertoire that included works by composers including Ludwig van Beethoven, Johannes Brahms and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin, as well as more modern composers such as David Diamond, Luigi Dallapiccola and William Schuman. Diamond's Piano Sonata No. 1 was inspired by Tureck's playing.", "Q166723": "Thomas Ernest Bennett \"Tibby\" Clarke (7 June 1907 \u2013 11 February 1989) was a movie scriptwriter who wrote several of the Ealing Studios comedies. His scripts always feature careful logical development from a slightly absurd premise to a farcical conclusion. In 1952 he was awarded a Best Original Screenplay Oscar for his script for The Lavender Hill Mob, making him one of just a handful of Britons to receive this award. He continued to work as a scriptwriter after Ealing ceased production in the mid-1950s, his later contributions including Sons and Lovers and the Disney film The Horse Without a Head.\nClarke was also a novelist and writer of non-fiction, and was not above presenting his fictions as fact \u2013 most notably the 1981 book Murder at Buckingham Palace, which purports to tell the story of a hushed-up murder in the Royal residence in 1935. Despite its including 'documentary' photographs, there is no external evidence that the book is anything but pure fiction. For The Blue Lamp (1950) he drew on his experience as a wartime reserve constable.Clarke was the younger brother of military deception pioneer Dudley Clarke.\nHe was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1960 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the BBC Television Theatre.", "Q379877": "Super 8 is a 2011 American science fiction monster thriller film written, co-produced, and directed by J. J. Abrams and produced by Steven Spielberg. The film stars Joel Courtney, Elle Fanning, and Kyle Chandler and tells the story of a group of young teenagers who are filming their own Super 8 movie when a train derails, releasing a dangerous presence into their town. The film was shot in Weirton, West Virginia and surrounding areas, masquerading as the fictional town of Lillian, Ohio.\nSuper 8 was released on June 10, 2011, in conventional and IMAX theaters in the United States. The film received positive reviews, with critics praising the film for its nostalgic elements, visual effects, musical score, and for the performances of the cast, in particular, both Fanning and newcomer Courtney's acting was cited, while also being compared to such thematically similar films as E.T., Stand by Me, and The Goonies, featuring a darker interpretation of those iconic premises. Super 8 was also a commercial success, grossing over $260 million against a $50 million budget. The film received several awards and nominations, primarily in technical and special effects categories, Giacchino's musical score, as well as for Courtney and Fanning's performances.\n\n", "Q1200169": "Dean Butterworth is a British-American drummer who is noted for working with English singer Morrissey, in 2005 became the drummer for American band Good Charlotte after they parted with their previous drummer, Chris Wilson, and in fall 2014 became the permanent drummer for American pop rock band Sugar Ray (after having toured with them since spring/summer 2013).", "Q43203": "Clinton Eastwood Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American actor, filmmaker, musician, and politician. After achieving success in the Western TV series Rawhide, he rose to international fame with his role as the Man with No Name in Italian filmmaker Sergio Leone's Dollars Trilogy of spaghetti Westerns during the 1960s and as antihero cop Harry Callahan in the five Dirty Harry films throughout the 1970s and 1980s. These roles, among others, have made Eastwood an enduring cultural icon of masculinity.For his work in the Western film Unforgiven (1992) and the sports drama Million Dollar Baby (2004), Eastwood won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture, as well as receiving nominations for Best Actor. Eastwood's greatest commercial successes have been the adventure comedy Every Which Way But Loose (1978) and its sequel, the action comedy Any Which Way You Can (1980), after adjustment for inflation. Other popular films include the Westerns Hang 'Em High (1968), The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976), and Pale Rider (1985), the war films Where Eagles Dare (1968), Kelly's Heroes (1970), and Heartbreak Ridge (1986), the action films Firefox (1982) and In the Line of Fire (1993), and the thrillers Play Misty for Me (1971) and Tightrope (1984). Eastwood also starred in the crime comedy film Thunderbolt and Lightfoot (1974), the prison film Escape from Alcatraz (1979), as well as the drama films The Bridges of Madison County (1995), Gran Torino (2008) and The Mule (2018).\nIn addition to directing many of his own star vehicles, Eastwood has also directed films in which he did not appear, such as the mystery drama Mystic River (2003) and the war film Letters from Iwo Jima (2006), for which he received Academy Award nominations, the drama Changeling (2008), and the biographical sports drama Invictus (2009). The war drama biopic American Sniper (2014) set box-office records for the largest January release ever and was also the largest opening ever for an Eastwood film.\nEastwood received considerable critical praise in France for several films, and was awarded two of France's highest civilian honors: in 1994, he became a recipient of the Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and in 2007, was awarded the Legion of Honour medal. In 2000, Eastwood was awarded the Italian Venice Film Festival Golden Lion for lifetime achievement. Since 1967, Eastwood's Malpaso Productions has produced all but four of his American films. Elected in 1986, Eastwood served for two years as mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, a non-partisan office.", "Q98407": "Gerard Heinz (2 January 1904, in Hamburg, Germany \u2013 20 November 1972, in England), born Gerhard Hinze, was an actor. He later moved to Britain, where he changed his name to Gerard Heinz. He appeared in almost 60 films (including Caravan), and a number of stage productions. In the original 1942 production of Terence Rattigan's Flare Path, he played Count Skriczevinsky, a Polish pilot serving with the RAF in World War II.A relationship with Joan Rodker, daughter of the modernist poet John Rodker, resulted in the birth of a son, Ernest, in Odessa in 1937. After their separation, Heinz married the actress Mary Kenton. They played respectively Mr. and Mrs. Serafin in the 1961 episode \"Washday S.O.S.\" of the TV series \"The Cheaters\". They also performed together in the 1964 film \"The Sullavan Brothers\", and in the ITC crime drama series, \"The Four Just Men\", and a number of other films.", "Q25186": "Gus Green Van Sant Jr. (born July 24, 1952) is an American film director, screenwriter, painter, photographer, musician, and author who has earned acclaim as both an independent and mainstream filmmaker. His films typically deal with themes of marginalized subcultures, in particular homosexuality; as such, Van Sant is considered one of the most prominent auteurs of the New Queer Cinema movement.\nVan Sant's early career was devoted to directing television commercials in the Pacific Northwest. He made his feature-length cinematic directorial debut with Mala Noche (1985). His second feature Drugstore Cowboy (1989) was highly acclaimed, and earned Van Sant screenwriting awards from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association and New York Film Critics Circle and the award for Best Director from the National Society of Film Critics. His following film, My Own Private Idaho (1991), was similarly praised, as was the black comedy To Die For (1995), the drama Good Will Hunting (1997), and the biographical film Milk (2008); for the latter two, Van Sant was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director and both films received Best Picture nominations.\nIn 2003, Van Sant's film about the Columbine High School massacre, Elephant, won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. Van Sant also received the festival's Best Director Award that same year, making him one of only two filmmakers\u2014the other being Joel Coen\u2014to win both accolades at the festival in the same year. Though most of Van Sant's other films received favourable reviews, such as Finding Forrester (2000) and Paranoid Park (2007), some of his efforts, such as the art house production Last Days (2005) and the environmental drama Promised Land (2012), have received more mixed reviews from critics, while his adaptation of Tom Robbins's Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (1994), his 1998 remake of Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho, and The Sea of Trees (2015), were critical and commercial failures.\nIn addition to directing, Van Sant has written the screenplays for several of his earlier works, and is the author of a novel entitled Pink. A book of his photography, called 108 Portraits, has also been published, and he has released two musical albums. He is openly gay and lives in Los Feliz, California.", "Q863031": "Billy Lewis Brooks (born 1943) is an American jazz percussion player.\nBrooks moved to Europe in 1964. At the beginning of 1970's, he founded the group El Babaku with the bass player Bert Thompson in Berlin, recording one album, Live At The Jazz Galerie, in 1971 for the MPS label.\nHe appeared on two albums with Fritz Pauer: Fritz Pauer-Live At The Berlin Jazz Galerie (with Jimmy Woode) and Water Plants. Other appearances and collaborations include those with the Slide Hampton/Joe Haider Orchestra, Tete Montoliu, Benny Bailey, Miriam Klein, Nathan Davis, Du\u0161ko Gojkovi\u0107, Philip Catherine and Ximo Tebar.", "Q630058": "Derick Hougaard (born 4 January 1983 in Citrusdal) is a South African rugby union player who last played for Saracens in England. He normally plays at flyhalf. Hougaard played for the Blue Bulls in the Currie Cup competition in South Africa and the Bulls in the international Super Rugby competition.\nIn the 2002 Currie Cup final against the Golden Lions, Hougaard broke Naas Botha's 15 year record for points scored in a Currie Cup final of 24 by scoring 26, (1 try, 2 drop goals and 5 penalties). This feat at the start of his career and his excellent goal kicking success ratio during the following years earned him the accolade \"Liefling van Loftus\", an Afrikaans phrase meaning the \"sweetheart of Loftus Versfeld Stadium\" in Pretoria. Each time Hougaard scored points for the Bulls at Loftus, the chorus of a G\u00e9 Korsten song named \"Liefling\" was played in the stadium.\nHougaard made his test debut at the age of 20 for the Springboks during the 2003 World Cup as a reserve during the 72 to 6 win over Uruguay at Subiaco Oval in Perth, he also scored his first international points, successful in a conversion. After resuming his role as a reserve in the next match against England, Hougaard was promoted to flyhalf for the remaining three games that South Africa played at the World Cup. At the close of the World Cup, Hougaard, with five caps to his name had produced 48 points, including two tries. In the 2003 world cup match against Samoa, Hougaard was knocked out by a legal but hard tackle from Brian Lima.\nThe 2007 Super 14 semi-final saw Hougaard scoring all of his side's 27 points, by means of 8 penalties and a drop goal, against the Canterbury Crusaders at Loftus Versfeld in Pretoria. This equalled Adrian Cashmore of the Auckland Blues's 1998 record for most points by an individual in a Super Rugby semi-final. This victory was historic since it set up the first ever Super Rugby final between two South African teams. The 2007 Super 14 season was also a personal best in Hougaard's Super Rugby career, having scored 161 points in 14 matches.In 2008, Hougaard signed for Leicester Tigers rejoining previous Blue Bulls coach Heyneke Meyer as a replacement for Andy Goode who had moved to CA Brive. He made his d\u00e9but against Bath in October 2008.\nIn 2009, Hougaard signed for Saracens.\n\n", "Q483558": "Sum 41 is a Canadian rock band from Ajax, Ontario. Originally called Kaspir, the band was formed in 1996 and currently consists of Deryck Whibley (lead vocals, guitars, keyboards), Dave Baksh (lead guitar, backing vocals), Tom Thacker (guitars, keyboards, backing vocals), Jason \"Cone\" McCaslin (bass, backing vocals), and Frank Zummo (drums, occasional backing vocals).\nIn 1999, Sum 41 signed an international record deal with Island Records and released its first EP, Half Hour of Power, in 2000. The band released its debut album, All Killer No Filler, in 2001. The album achieved mainstream success with its first single, \"Fat Lip\", which reached number one on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and remains the band's most successful single to date. The album's next singles \"In Too Deep\" and \"Motivation\" also achieved commercial success. All Killer No Filler was certified platinum in both the United States and the United Kingdom and triple platinum in Canada. In 2002, the band released Does This Look Infected?, which was also a commercial and critical success. The singles \"The Hell Song\" and \"Still Waiting\" both charted highly on the modern rock charts. The band released its next album, Chuck, in 2004, led by singles \"We're All to Blame\" and \"Pieces\". The album proved successful, peaking at number 10 on the Billboard 200. In 2007, the band released Underclass Hero, which was met with a mixed reception, but gained some commercial success, becoming the band's highest charting album to date. It was also the band's last album on Aquarius Records. The band released the album Screaming Bloody Murder, on Island Records in 2011 to a generally positive reception, though it fell short of its predecessors' commercial success. The band's sixth studio album, 13 Voices was released in 2016. IMPALA awarded the album with a double gold award for 150,000 sold copies across Europe. The band's seventh studio album Order in Decline was released on July 19, 2019.\nThe band often performs more than 300 times each year and holds long global tours, most of which last more than a year. The group have been nominated for seven Juno Awards and won twice \u2013 Group of the Year in 2002, and Rock Album of the Year for Chuck in 2005. Sum 41 was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance for the song \"Blood in My Eyes\". From their formation to 2016, Sum 41 were the 31st best-selling Canadian artist in Canada and among the top 10 best-selling Canadian bands in Canada.\n\n", "Q213476": "Tristania is a band from Norway, formed in 1995 by Morten Veland, Einar Moen and Kenneth Olsson. Tristania's music is usually classified as Gothic metal with death influences, due to its strong tie and legacy within the gothic metal history. Their songs largely deal with dark and sentimental topics, including depression, sadness, suicide, love, absence, and anger.\nThe band had not had any known activity since 2016, until October 2018, when they announced that they will return \"to the scene for the first time since 2016 at 70000tons of Metal in early 2019.\"", "Q167429": "Ephraim Kishon (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05b6\u05e4\u05b0\u05e8\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05dd \u05e7\u05b4\u05d9\u05e9\u05c1\u05d5\u05b9\u05df, August 23, 1924 \u2013 January 29, 2005) was an Israeli author, dramatist, screenwriter, and Oscar-nominated film director. He was one of the most widely read contemporary satirists in the world.\n\n", "Q222873": "2 Days in the Valley is a 1996 American crime film written and directed by John Herzfeld. It depicts 48 hours in the lives of a group of people in the San Fernando Valley who are drawn together by a murder.", "Q87533": "Klaus von Bismarck (6 March 1912 \u2013 22 May 1997) was the Director General of the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (West German Broadcasting) from 1961 to 1976, and the president of the ARD broadcasting association in 1963-1964. He was also the president of the German Evangelical Church Assembly from 1977 to 1979 and a member of its presidium from 1950 to 1995, as well as president of the Goethe Institute from 1977 to 1989.\nDuring World War II, Bismarck served as an officer in the Wehrmacht. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. According to his memoirs, published in 1992, while serving as an adjutant on the Russian front in 1941 he refused to obey Hitler's Commissar Order to execute all captured Communist political commissars attached to the Soviet Army. \nHe was a descendant of German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, and was the son of Gottfried von Bismarck (1881\u20131928). Klaus von Bismarck was the last owner of the family's estates in formerly German Farther Pomerania, including Kniephof (now Konarzewo, Poland), where Otto von Bismarck spent his childhood.Klaus von Bismarck received an honorary Doctor of Theology degree (Dr. h. c. theol.) from the University of M\u00fcnster. He was one of the eight signatories of the Memorandum of T\u00fcbingen which called for the recognition of the Oder-Nei\u00dfe line as the official border between Germany and Poland and spoke against a possible nuclear armament of West Germany.", "Q53004": "Vittorio De Sica ( d\u0259 SEE-k\u0259, Italian: [vit\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0rjo de \u02c8si\u02d0ka]; 7 July 1901 \u2013 13 November 1974) was an Italian director and actor, a leading figure in the neorealist movement.\nFour of the films he directed won Academy Awards: Sciusci\u00e0 and Bicycle Thieves (honorary), while Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow and Il giardino dei Finzi Contini won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Indeed, the great critical success of Sciusci\u00e0 (the first foreign film to be so recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences) and Bicycle Thieves helped establish the permanent Best Foreign Film Award. These two films are considered part of the canon of classic cinema. Bicycle Thieves was cited by Turner Classic Movies as one of the 15 most influential films in cinema history.De Sica was also nominated for the 1957 Oscar for Best Supporting Actor for playing Major Rinaldi in American director Charles Vidor's 1957 adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms, a movie that was panned by critics and proved a box office flop. De Sica's acting was considered the highlight of the film.", "Q418778": "Akira Kubo (born 1 December 1936) is a Japanese actor. He has appeared in 75 films since 1952. He starred in the film Arashi, which was entered into the 7th Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q3041092": "Duke Records was an American record label, started in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1952 by David James Mattis (WDIA program director and DJ) and Bill Fitzgerald, owners of Tri-State Recording Company. Their first release was Roscoe Gordon singing \"Hey Fat Girl\", issued on Duke R-1, later amended to R-101.", "Q927101": "Morvan Lebesque (January 11, 1911 in Nantes, France \u2013 4 July 1970 in Brazil), was the Breton language name of Maurice Lebesque, a Breton nationalist activist and French journalist.\nLebesque was born in Nantes, at the Quai Barbin (now dock Barbusse), and had his secondary education in Clemenceau High School. In 1930, he was editor-in-chief at the Loire Echo. Responsible for the Nantes branch of the Breton Autonomist Party (Parti Autonomiste Breton), Lebesque left the latter in 1931 and founded, with Th\u00e9ophile Jeusset, the more extremist movement Breiz da Zont, and its political wing, the Parti Nationaliste Breton Int\u00e9gral.\nDuring the German occupation of France in World War II, he worked for the collaborationist newspaper L'Heure Bretonne, then for various journals in Paris, where he met and befriended Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir.\nIn 1952, Lebesque joined the satirical journal Le Canard Encha\u00een\u00e9, for which he wrote a popular column, modelling his style on Albert Camus, with whom he became a close friend. He eventually became an editor of the journal.\nAfter 1966, Lebesque also participated in the Breton autonomist revue Ar Vro.", "Q44578": "Titanic is a 1997 American epic romance and disaster film directed, written, co-produced, and co-edited by James Cameron. Incorporating both historical and fictionalized aspects, the film is based on accounts of the sinking of the RMS Titanic, and stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet as members of different social classes who fall in love aboard the ship during its ill-fated maiden voyage.\nCameron's inspiration for the film came from his fascination with shipwrecks; he felt a love story interspersed with the human loss would be essential to convey the emotional impact of the disaster. Production began in 1995, when Cameron shot footage of the actual Titanic wreck. The modern scenes on the research vessel were shot on board the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh, which Cameron had used as a base when filming the wreck. Scale models, computer-generated imagery, and a reconstruction of the Titanic built at Baja Studios were used to re-create the sinking. The film was co-financed by Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; the former handled distribution in North America while the latter released the film internationally. It was the most expensive film ever made at the time, with a production budget of $200 million.\nUpon its release on December 19, 1997, Titanic achieved significant critical and commercial success. Nominated for 14 Academy Awards, it tied All About Eve (1950) for the most Oscar nominations, and won 11, including the awards for Best Picture and Best Director, tying Ben-Hur (1959) for the most Oscars won by a single film. With an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark, and became the highest-grossing film ever at the time, until Cameron's Avatar surpassed it in 2010. A 3D version of Titanic, released on April 4, 2012, to commemorate the centennial of the sinking, earned it an additional $343.6 million worldwide, pushing the film's worldwide total to $2.18 billion and making it the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide (after Avatar). In 2017, the film was re-released for its 20th anniversary and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.", "Q35381": "Colombo (; Sinhala: \u0d9a\u0ddc\u0dc5\u0db9, romanized: Kolamba, pronunciation [\u02c8k\u0259l\u0250mb\u025e]; Tamil: \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1, romanized: Ko\u1e3bumpu, Tamil pronunciation: [ko\u027bumbu]) is the commercial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka by population. According to the Brookings Institution, Colombo metropolitan area has a population of 5.6 million, and 752,993 in the city proper. It is the financial centre of the island and a tourist destination. It is located on the west coast of the island and adjacent to the Greater Colombo area which includes Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, the legislative capital of Sri Lanka and Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia. Colombo is often referred to as the capital since Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is within the urban area of, and a suburb of, Colombo. It is also the administrative capital of the Western Province and the district capital of Colombo District. Colombo is a busy and vibrant place with a mixture of modern life and colonial buildings and ruins.Due to its large harbour and its strategic position along the East\u2013West sea trade routes, Colombo was known to ancient traders 2,000 years ago. It was made the capital of the island when Sri Lanka was ceded to the British Empire in 1815, and its status as capital was retained when the nation became independent in 1948. In 1978, when administrative functions were moved to Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Colombo was designated as the commercial capital of Sri Lanka.\nLike many cities, Colombo's urban area extends well beyond the boundaries of a single local authority, encompassing other municipal and urban councils such as Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte Municipal Council, Dehiwala Mount Lavinia Municipal Council, Kolonnawa Urban Council, Kaduwela Municipal Council and Kotikawatte Mulleriyawa Pradeshiya Sabha. The main city is home to a majority of Sri Lanka's corporate offices, restaurants and entertainment venues. Famous landmarks in Colombo include Galle Face Green, Viharamahadevi Park, Beira Lake, Colombo Racecourse, Planetarium, University of Colombo, Mount Lavinia beach, Dehiwala Zoological Garden, Nelum Pokuna Theatre, Colombo Lotus Tower as well as the National Museum.", "Q101974": "Joseph-Ernst Graf Fugger von Gl\u00f6tt , since 1940: F\u00fcrst Fugger von Gl\u00f6tt (October 26, 1895, Kirchheim in Schwaben \u2013 May 13, 1981, Miesbach) was a German politician and representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was a member of the Bundestag of Germany between 1949 and 1953. From 1954 to 1962 he was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria. He is a member of the famed Fugger family, the preeminent bankers of the renaissance era.", "Q97720": "Camilla Spira (1 March 1906 \u2013 25 August 1997) was a German film actress. She appeared in 68 films between 1924 and 1986. She was born in Hamburg, Germany, of Jewish ancestry on her father's side, and died in Berlin, Germany. Her father was the Austrian actor Fritz Spira who died in the Ruma concentration camp in 1943. Her mother was actress Lotte Spira and her sister was the East German actress Steffie Spira.", "Q2923426": "Bradley Scott Schneider (born August 20, 1961) is an American politician serving as the U.S. Representative for Illinois's 10th congressional district since 2017, previously holding the position from 2013 to 2015. Before he was elected to Congress, Schneider worked as a management consultant and industrial engineer in Deerfield, Illinois. A member of the Democratic Party, he was first elected in 2012, narrowly defeating Republican incumbent Bob Dold. In 2014, he lost his bid for re-election in a rematch with Dold, and defeated Dold once again two years later, in their third consecutive matchup.", "Q147921": "Bitter Rice (Italian: Riso Amaro [\u02c8ri\u02d0so a\u02c8ma\u02d0ro, \u02c8ri\u02d0zo -]) is a 1949 Italian film made by Lux Film, written and directed by Giuseppe De Santis. Produced by Dino De Laurentiis, starring Silvana Mangano, Raf Vallone, Doris Dowling and Vittorio Gassman, Bitter Rice was a commercial success in Europe and the United States. It was a product of the Italian neorealism style. The Italian title of the film is based on a pun; since the Italian word riso can mean either \"rice\" or \"laughter\", riso amaro can be taken to mean either \"bitter laughter\" or \"bitter rice\".\nAlthough Bitter Rice did not win any awards, it was nominated for the 1950 Academy Award for Best Story and entered into the 1949 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q715582": "Vladas Mik\u0117nas (17 April 1910 \u2013 3 November 1992) was a Lithuanian chess player and journalist. He was awarded the titles of International Master and Honorary Grandmaster by FIDE.", "Q7200": "Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (English: ; Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d, tr. Aleksandr Sergejevich Pushkin, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026ak\u02c8sandr s\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8\u0261\u02b2e(j)\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8pu\u0282k\u02b2\u026an] (listen); 6 June [O.S. 26 May] 1799 \u2013 10 February [O.S. 29 January] 1837) was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature.Pushkin was born into Russian nobility in Moscow. His father, Sergey Lvovich Pushkin, belonged to Pushkin noble families. His maternal great-grandfather was African-born general Abram Petrovich Gannibal. He published his first poem at the age of 15, and was widely recognized by the literary establishment by the time of his graduation from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Upon graduation from the Lycee, Pushkin recited his controversial poem \"Ode to Liberty\", one of several that led to his exile by Tsar Alexander I of Russia. While under the strict surveillance of the Tsar's political police and unable to publish, Pushkin wrote his most famous play, the drama Boris Godunov. His novel in verse, Eugene Onegin, was serialized between 1825 and 1832.\nPushkin was fatally wounded in a duel with his brother-in-law, Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anth\u00e8s, also known as Dantes-Gekkern, a French officer serving with the Chevalier Guard Regiment, who attempted to seduce the poet's wife, Natalia Pushkina.", "Q176524": "John Bright (16 November 1811 \u2013 27 March 1889) was a British Radical and Liberal statesman, one of the greatest orators of his generation and a promoter of free trade policies.\nA Quaker, Bright is most famous for battling the Corn Laws. In partnership with Richard Cobden, he founded the Anti-Corn Law League, aimed at abolishing the Corn Laws, which raised food prices and protected landowners' interests by levying taxes on imported wheat. The Corn Laws were repealed in 1846. Bright also worked with Cobden in another free trade initiative, the Cobden\u2013Chevalier Treaty of 1860, promoting closer interdependence between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Second French Empire. This campaign was conducted in collaboration with French economist Michel Chevalier, and succeeded despite Parliament's endemic mistrust of the French.\nBright sat in the House of Commons from 1843 to 1889, promoting free trade, electoral reform and religious freedom. He was almost a lone voice in opposing the Crimean War; he also opposed William Ewart Gladstone's proposed Home Rule for Ireland. He saw himself as a spokesman for the middle class and strongly opposed the privileges of the landed aristocracy. In terms of Ireland, he sought to end the political privileges of Anglicans, disestablished the Church of Ireland, and began land reform that would turn land over to the Catholic peasants. He coined the phrase \"The mother of parliaments.\"", "Q98413": "Ellen Aurora Elisabeth Morgenr\u00f6te Ammann (1 July 1870 - 23 November 1932) was a German politician and activist, representative of the Bavarian People's Party.\nShe worked for Swedish-German women's rights, and was a welfare nurse and pioneer of professional training for social work. From 1919 to 1932, she served as a \u201clandtag\u201d deputy for \u201cBavarian People\u2019s Party\u201d, where she advocated the professionalisation of women's education. In January 1923, together with Anita Augspurg and a delegation of women, Amman called for Hitler to be expelled from Germany. During the Hitler Putsch, she and several members of government hastily composed a condemnation of the attempted coup d'\u00e9tat. She continued to oppose National Socialism until her death.", "Q11237": "Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 \u2013 January 26, 1979) was an American businessman and politician who served as the 41st vice president of the United States from 1974 to 1977, and previously as the 49th governor of New York from 1959 to 1973. He also served as assistant secretary of State for American Republic Affairs for Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman (1944\u20131945) as well as under secretary of Health, Education and Welfare under Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1954. A grandson of billionaire John D. Rockefeller and a member of the wealthy Rockefeller family, he was a noted art collector and served as administrator of Rockefeller Center in Manhattan, New York City.\nRockefeller was a Republican who was often considered to be liberal, progressive, or moderate. In an agreement that was termed the Treaty of Fifth Avenue, Rockefeller persuaded Richard Nixon to alter the Republican Party platform just before the 1960 Republican Convention. In his time, liberals in the Republican Party were called \"Rockefeller Republicans\". As Governor of New York from 1959 to 1973, Rockefeller's achievements included the expansion of the State University of New York, efforts to protect the environment, the construction of the Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza in Albany, increased facilities and personnel for medical care, and the creation of the New York State Council on the Arts.\nAfter unsuccessfully seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 1960, 1964, and 1968, Rockefeller was appointed vice president of the United States under President Gerald R. Ford, who ascended to the presidency following the August 1974 resignation of Richard Nixon. Rockefeller was the second vice president appointed to the position under the 25th Amendment, following Ford himself. Rockefeller was not placed on the 1976 Republican ticket with Ford. He retired from politics in 1977 and died two years later.\nAs a businessman, Rockefeller was president and later chair of Rockefeller Center, Inc., and he formed the International Basic Economy Corporation in 1947. Rockefeller assembled a significant art collection and promoted public access to the arts. He served as trustee, treasurer, and president of the Museum of Modern Art, and founded the Museum of Primitive Art in 1954. In the area of philanthropy, he founded the Rockefeller Brothers Fund in 1940 with his four brothers and established the American International Association for Economic and Social Development in 1946.", "Q115901": "Konrad Hermann Heinrich Christ (12 December 1833 in Basel \u2013 23 November 1933 in Riehen), often known in citations as just \"Christ\" or \"H. Christ\", was a Swiss botanist who specialized in pteridology (ferns). \nHe studied law at the universities of Basel and Berlin, receiving his doctorate at Basel in 1856. From 1869 to 1908 he worked as a lawyer and notary in Basel. In his spare time and during retirement he engaged in botanical pursuits, publishing over 300 works on topics such as plant geography, systematics and history of botany.The fern genus Christella is named in his honour.", "Q78281": "Thees Uhlmann (born April 16, 1974) in Hemmoor, Lower Saxony, is a German musician and author. He is a founding member of the indie-pop band Tomte and also writes for the magazines Intro, Visions, Spex and Musikexpress.", "Q520595": "Rheinstetten (South Franconian: Rhoischdedde) is a city in the west of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg on the border to Rhineland-Palatinate. It is situated to the south-west of Karlsruhe and belongs to the rural district of Karlsruhe. The city has fewer inhabitants than Bruchsal, Ettlingen, Bretten and Stutensee and is therefore the fifth largest city in the district of Karlsruhe. Since 2005 it has formed part of a regional organization for economy, science, culture and administration, the Technologieregion Karlsruhe.\nRheinstetten was formed in 1975 by a merger of the former municipalities of Forchheim, Morsch and Neuburgweier. In 2000 it received town privileges and became a county seat on January, 1st, 2005.", "Q4709": "Barquisimeto (Spanish pronunciation: [ba\u027ekisi\u02c8meto]) is a city in Venezuela. It is the capital of the state of Lara and head of Iribarren Municipality. It is an important urban, industrial, commercial and transportation center of the country, recognized as the fourth-largest city by population and area in Venezuela after Caracas, Maracaibo and Valencia.", "Q511990": "Neuch\u00e2tel District was one of the six districts of the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland, until the district level was eliminated on 1 January 2018. The district capital was the town of Neuch\u00e2tel. It had a population of 53,744.", "Q94229": "Maria Cornelia Gezina \"Mona\" Keijzer (born 9 October 1968) is a Dutch politician and former civil servant serving as State Secretary for Economic Affairs and Climate Policy since 2017. A member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), she previously served in the House of Representatives (2012\u20132017). She focused on matters of nursing, home care and culture. Before being a full-time politician she worked as an environmental jurist for the municipalities of Waterland and Almere, as well as for the province of Gelderland.\n\n", "Q1126102": "The Italian Social Movement (Italian: Movimento Sociale Italiano, MSI), renamed in 1972 Italian Social Movement \u2013 National Right (Italian: Movimento Sociale Italiano \u2013 Destra Nazionale, MSI\u2013DN), was a neo-fascist and post-fascist political party in Italy.\nFormed in 1946 by supporters of the former dictator Benito Mussolini, most of whom took part in the experience of the Italian Social Republic and the Republican Fascist Party, the MSI became the fourth largest party in Italy by the early 1960s. The party gave informal local and eventually national support to the Christian Democrats from the late 1940s and through the 1950s, sharing anti-communist ideologies. In the early 1960s, the party was pushed to the sidelines of Italian politics, and only gradually started to gain some political recognition in the 1980s.\nThere was internal competition between the party's moderate and radical factions. The radicals led the party in its formative years under Giorgio Almirante, while the moderates gained control in the 1950s and 1960s. Almirante's return as leader in 1969 was characterised by bigger-tent strategy. Finally, in 1987, the reins of the party were taken by Gianfranco Fini, under whom it was transformed into National Alliance (AN) in 1995. On that occasion a small minority, led by Pino Rauti, disagreed with the new course and formed Tricolour Flame instead.", "Q283703": "Sadie Liza Frost (born 19 June 1965) is an English actress, producer and fashion designer, who ran fashion label Frost French (until its closure in 2011) and a film production company (Blonde to Black Pictures).", "Q16558": "Fort Worth is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Texas and the 13th-largest city in the United States. It is the county seat of Tarrant County, covering nearly 350 square miles (910 km2) into three other counties: Denton, Parker, and Wise. According to the 2018 census estimates, Fort Worth's population was 898,919. Fort Worth is the second-largest city in the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth\u2013Arlington metropolitan area, which is the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the United States.The city of Fort Worth was established in 1849 as an army outpost on a bluff overlooking the Trinity River. Fort Worth has historically been a center of the longhorn cattle trade. It still embraces its Western heritage and traditional architecture and design. USS Fort Worth (LCS-3) is the first ship of the United States Navy named after the city.Fort Worth is home to the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition and several world-class museums designed by internationally known contemporary architects. The Kimbell Art Museum, considered to have one of the best art collections in Texas, is housed in what is widely regarded as one of the outstanding architectural achievements of the modern era. The museum was designed by the American architect Louis Kahn, with an addition designed by world-renowned Italian architect Renzo Piano opening November 2013. Also of note is the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, designed by Tadao Ando. The Amon Carter Museum of American Art, designed by Philip Johnson, houses one of the world's most extensive collections of American art. The Sid Richardson Museum, redesigned by David M. Schwarz, has one of the most focused collections of Western art in the U.S., emphasizing Frederic Remington and Charles Russell. The Fort Worth Museum of Science and History, designed by famed architect Ricardo Legorreta of Mexico, engages the diverse Fort Worth community through creative, vibrant programs and exhibits.\nFort Worth is the location of several university communities: Texas Christian University, Texas Wesleyan, University of North Texas Health Science Center, and Texas A&M University School of Law.\nMany multinational corporations, including Bell Helicopter, Lockheed Martin, American Airlines, BNSF Railway, Pier 1 Imports, Chip 1 Exchange, and RadioShack are headquartered in Fort Worth.", "Q1542667": "The Grand Orient de France (GODF) is the largest of several Masonic organizations in France and is the oldest in Continental Europe (as it was formed out of an older Grand Lodge of France in 1773, and briefly absorbed the rump of the older body in 1799, allowing it to date its foundation to 1728 or 1733). It is generally considered to be the mother lodge of traditional Liberal, or Continental Freemasonry.", "Q867257": "Erika Nay Girardi (n\u00e9e Chahoy; born July 10, 1971), known professionally as Erika Jayne, is an American singer, actress and television personality. Her debut single \"Roller Coaster\" topped the US Billboard Dance Club Songs chart in 2007, she has attained nine number-one songs on the Dance Club Songs chart as of 2018. In 2016, Billboard ranked her number 42 on their list of greatest dance club artists of all time and number 3 on their list of the Next Big Sound.Girardi launched her film and television career as an actress in the early 1990s, playing small roles on Law & Order and High Incident. In 2015, Girardi became a full-time cast member on the sixth season of the reality television series The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills, followed by her role on the competition series Dancing with the Stars in 2017. She has played a recurring role as real estate agent Farrah Dubose on the American television soap opera The Young and the Restless. She made her Broadway debut in Chicago as Roxie Hart on January 6, 2020.", "Q18575": "Tucson () is a city in and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and is home to the University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2015 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 980,263. The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA), with a total population of 1,010,025 as of the 2010 Census. Tucson is the second most-populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor. The city is 108 miles (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the U.S.\u2013Mexico border. Tucson is the 33rd largest city and the 58th largest metropolitan area in the United States (2014).\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metro area include Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agust\u00edn del Tucs\u00f3n in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. In 1853, the United States acquired a 29,670-square-mile (76,800 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867-1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. In 2017, Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO.The Spanish name of the city, Tucs\u00f3n [tuk\u02c8son], is derived from the O'odham Cuk \u1e62on [t\u0283\u028ak \u0282\u0254\u02d0n], meaning \"(at the) base of the black [hill]\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as \"The Old Pueblo\".", "Q707186": "Joseph Wharton (March 3, 1826 \u2013 January 11, 1909) was an American industrialist. He was involved in mining, manufacturing and education. He founded the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, co-founded the Bethlehem Steel company, and was one of the founders of Swarthmore College.", "Q12829733": "Bel\u00e9m ([be\u02c8l\u1ebdj]; Portuguese for Bethlehem) is a Brazilian city with 2,491,052 people residing in its Metropolitan Region. The capital city itself has 1,485,732 inhabitants (for more details on its population see in Demographics below). It is the capital and largest city of the state of Par\u00e1 in the country's north. It is the gateway to the Amazon River with a busy port, airport, and bus/coach station. Bel\u00e9m lies approximately 100 km upriver from the Atlantic Ocean, on the Par\u00e1 River, which is part of the greater Amazon River system, separated from the larger part of the Amazon delta by Ilha de Maraj\u00f3 (Marajo Island). With an estimated population of 1,439,561 people \u2014 or 2,249,405, considering its metropolitan area \u2014 it is the 11th most populous city in Brazil, as well as the 16th by economic relevance. It is the second largest in the North Region, second only to Manaus, in the state of Amazonas.\nFounded in 1616 by the Kingdom of Portugal, Bel\u00e9m was the first European colony on the Amazon but did not become part of Brazil until 1775. The newer part of the city has modern buildings and skyscrapers. The colonial portion retains the charm of tree-filled squares, churches and traditional blue tiles. The city has a rich history and architecture from colonial times. Recently it witnessed a skyscraper boom.\nBel\u00e9m is also known as the Metropolis of the Brazilian Amazon region or the Cidade das Mangueiras (City of Mango Trees) due to the vast number of those trees found in the city. Brazilians often refer to the city as Bel\u00e9m do Par\u00e1 (\"Bel\u00e9m of Par\u00e1\") rather than just Bel\u00e9m, a reference to an earlier name for the city, Santa Maria de Bel\u00e9m do Gr\u00e3o Par\u00e1, and also to differentiate it from a number of other towns called Bel\u00e9m in Brazil, as well as the Palestinian city of Bethlehem. It is named after Santa Maria de Bel\u00e9m in Lisbon, also better known by its shortened name, Bel\u00e9m.\nBel\u00e9m is served by two airports: Val de Cans International Airport, which connects the city with the rest of Brazil and other cities in South America, North America (USA) and Europe (Lisbon) and Brig. Prot\u00e1sio de Oliveira Airport (formerly called J\u00falio C\u00e9sar Airport) dedicated to general aviation. The city is also home to the Federal University of Par\u00e1 and the Par\u00e1 State University.", "Q313304": "Soichiro Honda (\u672c\u7530 \u5b97\u4e00\u90ce, Honda S\u014dichir\u014d, 17 November 1906 \u2013 5 August 1991) was a Japanese engineer and industrialist. In 1948, he established Honda Motor Co., Ltd. and oversaw its expansion from a wooden shack manufacturing bicycle motors to a multinational automobile and motorcycle manufacturer.", "Q218523": "Zoli \u00c1dok (born Szeged, Hungary, 22 March 1976) is a Hungarian pop singer, actor and dancer who represented his nation at the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"Dance With Me\".\n\n", "Q1288447": "Kevin Tighe (born Jon Kevin Fishburn; August 13, 1944) is an American actor who has worked in television, film, and theatre since the late 1960s. He is best known for his character, firefighter-paramedic Roy DeSoto, on the 1972-77 NBC series Emergency!\nTighe was cast in his first major film as an extra in 1967's The Graduate. After being under contract with Paramount and Universal, Tighe's career took a turn from bit parts and extra work when he was cast as Roy DeSoto on Emergency!. Following Emergency!, Tighe went on to make numerous guest television appearances in shows such as Ellery Queen, Cos, The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries, and The Six Million Dollar Man. Aside from The Graduate, some of Tighe's film credits include Road House, City of Hope, What's Eating Gilbert Grape, and Jade. Tighe won a 1994 Genie Award for Best Supporting Actor in I Love a Man in Uniform. In the 2000s he played Anthony Cooper on the ABC television series Lost, as well as Giles Corey in the premiere episode of the original WGN America series Salem.\nTighe has also been seen in a number of stage productions including A Reckoning, Mourning Becomes Electra, Anna Christie, Other Desert Cities, and Curse of the Starving Class.", "Q313462": "Joseph Morgan (born Joseph Martin; 16 May 1981) is a British actor and director. He is best known for his role as Niklaus \u201cKlaus\u201d Mikaelson on The CW's The Vampire Diaries and for playing the male lead in its spin-off The Originals.", "Q829138": "TV on the Radio is an American rock band from Brooklyn, New York, formed in 2001. The band's core members include Tunde Adebimpe (vocals, loops), David Andrew Sitek (guitars, keyboards, loops), Kyp Malone (vocals, guitars, bass, loops) Jaleel Bunton (drums, vocals, loops, guitars) and Gerard Smith (bass, keyboards, loops) until his death in 2011. Other contributors have included David Bowie, Nick Zinner of Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails, Kazu Makino of Blonde Redhead, Martin Perna of Antibalas, Colin Stetson, and Katrina Ford of Celebration. The group has released several EPs including their debut Young Liars (2003), and five studio albums: Desperate Youth, Blood Thirsty Babes (2004), Return to Cookie Mountain (2006), Dear Science (2008), Nine Types of Light (2011), and Seeds (2014).", "Q507894": "Andrew \"Andy\" Sydney Withiel Thomas, AO (born 18 December 1951 in Adelaide, South Australia) is an Australian and American aerospace engineer and a NASA astronaut. He has dual nationality; he became a U.S. citizen in December 1986, hoping to gain entry to NASA's astronaut program. He is married to fellow NASA astronaut Shannon Walker.\n\n", "Q454200": "John Herbert Gleason (February 26, 1916 \u2013 June 24, 1987) was an American comedian, actor, writer, composer and conductor. Developing a style and characters from growing up in Brooklyn, New York, he was known for his brash visual and verbal comedy, exemplified by his city bus driver Ralph Kramden character in the television series The Honeymooners. He also developed The Jackie Gleason Show, which maintained high ratings from the mid-1950s through 1970. After originating in New York City, filming moved to Miami Beach, Florida in 1964 after Gleason took up permanent residence there.\nAmong his notable film roles were Minnesota Fats in 1961's The Hustler (co-starring with Paul Newman), and Buford T. Justice in the Smokey and the Bandit series from 1977 into the early 1980s (co-starring Burt Reynolds). Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, Gleason enjoyed a prominent secondary music career, producing a series of best-selling \"mood music\" albums. His first album, Music for Lovers Only, still holds the record for the longest stay on the Billboard Top Ten Charts (153 weeks), and his first 10 albums sold over a million copies each. To date his output spans some 20-plus singles, nearly 60 long-playing record albums, and over 40 CDs.", "Q95651": "Jutta Speidel (born 26 March 1954, in Munich) is a German actress.\nShe had her first television role at the age of 15. Jutta Speidel appeared in Schulmadchen Report 1 (1970), which was directed by Ernst Hofbauer and produced by Wolf C. Hartwig. She acted mainly in German television series and TV films like Rivalen der Rennbahn. She is remembered for playing several roles in the very popular TV series Derrick.\nShe has two daughters. She founded the HORIZONT e.V. charity in 1997 for homeless children and their mothers.\nAs of 03.11.2012, she is living in Rome, Italy.", "Q84984": "Ibrahim B\u00f6hme (November 18, 1944 in Bad D\u00fcrrenberg, Province of Saxony \u2013 November 22, 1999) was an East German politician and Stasi informer. Before becoming involved in politics, B\u00f6hme had worked numerous different jobs, including as a cook, waiter, bricklayer, teacher, and historian. In the late 1980s he is also known to have been a human rights advocate associated with the Initiative for Peace and Human Rights.\nHe was a cofounder of the Social Democratic Party in the GDR in October 1989, and was elected its first full-time chairman at the party's first regular congress in January 1990. He led the party to second place in East Germany's first and only free election, on 18 March 1990, and was slated to be a senior minister in the grand coalition led by Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re. \nWhile coalition talks were underway, the weekly magazine Der Spiegel reported on 24 March 1990 that B\u00f6hme had been an informer for the Stasi since 1969. He had infiltrated opposition circles in East Berlin in 1985. Although B\u00f6hme denied this, he was forced to resign on 1 April. He was expelled from the Social Democratic Party in 1992 for \"serious party-damaging behavior\". B\u00f6hme was one of many East German citizens to have been discovered to be Stasi informants during the Communist era, sometimes ruining personal relationships as well as careers.\nIn 1992 a book about B\u00f6hme titled Comrade Judas: The Two Lives of Ibrahim B\u00f6hme, written by Birgit Lahann, was published in Germany.Ibrahim B\u00f6hme died of heart complications in Berlin on November 22, 1999 at the age of 55. He denied the accusations of him being a Stasi informer up to his death.", "Q559056": "Lotte Kestner is an American singer/songwriter based in Seattle, Washington. She started her musical career as vocalist for the indie rock band Trespassers William in 1997, under her given name Anna-Lynne Williams. She adopted the stage name Lotte Kestner in 2007 for solo recordings. She was also a member of the duo Ormonde.", "Q57504": "Otto-Ernst Remer (18 August 1912 \u2013 4 October 1997) was a German Wehrmacht officer in World War II who played a major role in stopping the 20 July plot in 1944 against Adolf Hitler. In his later years he became a politician and far right activist. He co-founded the Socialist Reich Party in West Germany in the 1950s, and is considered an influential figure in post-war neo-Fascist politics in Germany.", "Q965454": "Alberto Pandolfi Arbul\u00fa (born Lima, 20 August 1940) is a businessman who served twice as Prime Minister of Peru (3 April 1996 \u2013 4 June 1998, 21 August 1998 \u2013 3 January 1999) under President Alberto Fujimori. During his terms, he also at times held the communications, fisheries and transport portfolios.", "Q3309052": "Michel Bon (born 5 July 1943) is a French businessman and politician. He is a graduate of the ESSEC Business School, of the Paris Institute of Political Studies, of the \u00c9cole nationale d'administration and of Stanford Business School.In 1981, he was selected to be one of the first Young Leaders of the French-American Foundation.He worked at the banks Cr\u00e9dit national and Cr\u00e9dit Agricole. He has been CEO then Chairman of the supermarket group Carrefour. From 1993 to 1995 he was head of the French unemployment agency. He was Chairman of France T\u00e9l\u00e9com from 1995 to 2002.He was formerly president of the Institut Pasteur. He is also an administrator at Lafarge and formerly of Air Liquide.", "Q279877": "Josef Yakovlevich Kotin (Russian: \u0416\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0444 \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d; 10 March 1908, Pavlograd, Russian Empire, now Ukraine -\u200921 October 1979, Moscow). Married to Nataliya Poklonova, who was an engineer with the RKKA UMM (Soviet army office of motorization and Mechanization). Kotin was a Soviet armored vehicle design engineer, Head of all three Leningrad armor design bureaux (1937\u201339), Chief Designer of the Narkomat for Tank Industry (1939-1941), Deputy Narkom for the tank industry of the Soviet Union (1941-1943), Director of the VNII-100 Research Institute at Kirov Plant, Deputy Defense Industry Minister of the Soviet Union 1968-1972. He is best known for leading the design of some of the Kliment Voroshilov tanks, IS tank family, T-10 tank, SU-152 self-propelled heavy howitzer, Kirovets K-700 tractor and many other armored vehicles and heavy machinery.Josef Kotin received the title of Hero of Socialist Labour (1941), he was four time Stalin Prize winner (1941,1943,1946,1948).", "Q358113": "Mark Indelicato (born July 16, 1994) is an American actor, singer, fashion blogger, and photographer best known for his role in the ABC comedy series Ugly Betty, as Justin Suarez, the fashion-obsessed nephew of series protagonist Betty Suarez.", "Q1878600": "The Lyc\u00e9e Henri-IV is a public secondary school located in Paris. Along with Louis-le-Grand, it is widely regarded as the most prestigious and demanding sixth-form colleges (lyc\u00e9es) in France.\nThe school has more than 2,500 students from coll\u00e8ge (the first four years of secondary education in France) to classes pr\u00e9paratoires (classes to prepare students for entrance to the elite grandes \u00e9coles such as \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure, \u00c9cole polytechnique, Centrale Paris, Mines ParisTech, HEC Paris, among others).Its motto is \"Domus Omnibus Una\" (\"A Home For All\").\n\n", "Q288130": "Kerepesi Cemetery (Hungarian: Kerepesi \u00fati temet\u0151 or Kerepesi temet\u0151, official name: Fiumei \u00fati nemzeti s\u00edrkert, i.e. \"Fiume Road National Graveyard\") is the most famous cemetery in Budapest. It is one of the oldest cemeteries in Hungary which has been almost completely preserved as an entity.", "Q669893": "Georges Mandel (5 June 1885 \u2013 7 July 1944) was a French journalist, politician, and French Resistance leader.\n\n", "Q88166": "Aar\u00f3n Dian Darias Scheithe (born 26 August 1982), known simply as Aar\u00f3n, is a Spanish footballer. On the right side of the pitch, he can operate as a defender or a midfielder.", "Q671004": "Sir Philippe Samyn (born 1 September 1948, in Ghent) is a Belgian architect and civil engineer whose style is characterized by extensive use of glass, wood and steel to build often monumental structures. He is also known for his discovery of \"The volume and displacement indicators for an architectural structure\" in August 1997.\n\n", "Q931005": "Josiah Warren (; 1798 \u2013 April 14, 1874) was an American individualist anarchist, inventor, musician, printer and author. He is regarded by some as the first American anarchist (although Warren never used the term anarchism himself) and the four-page weekly paper he edited during 1833, The Peaceful Revolutionist, the first anarchist periodical published, an enterprise for which he built his own printing press, cast his own type, and made his own printing plates.", "Q888090": "Davis Hanson Waite (April 9, 1825 \u2013 November 27, 1901) was an American politician. He was a member of the Populist Party, and he served as the eighth Governor of Colorado from 1893 to 1895.", "Q14429": "Lake Bienne, or Lake Biel (French: Lac de Bienne, German: Bielersee) is a lake in western Switzerland. Together with Lake Morat and Lake Neuch\u00e2tel, it is one of the three large lakes in the Jura region of Switzerland. It lies approximately at 47\u00b05\u2032N 7\u00b010\u2032E, at the language boundary between German and French speaking areas.\nThe lake is 15 km long and up to 4.1 km wide. Its surface area is 39.3 km\u00b2, the maximum depth 74 m. The lake is located at 429 metres above sea level.\nLake Biel has a catchment area of about 8,305 km\u00b2. Water remains in the lake for an average of 58 days. The rivers Aare and Zihl/Thielle flowing from Lake Neuch\u00e2tel, the Twannbach draining water down from the surplombing first Jura mountain range and the Suze draining water down from the Vallon de St. Imier, are the main tributaries. The Aare was redirected into the lake in 1878, in order to prevent the flooding of the nearby area called \"Seeland\", and drains the water out of the lake down to B\u00fcren through a simultaneously man-made channel. The level of all three lakes is being controlled by a dam built across the channel, in Port.\nThe largest settlement along the shores of Lake Biel are the bilingual city of Biel/Bienne and its sister city Nidau, both located on the northern end. The St. Peter's Island attracts tourists. The island is located near Erlach/Cerlier. Jean-Jacques Rousseau once spent a few months on the island.\nOne of the main business in the area is the watch and affiliated microtechnic industries. World famous watch brands have their sites and headquarters in the area, including the Swatch Group and Rolex movements manufacture.\nThe lake's surface is the lowest point of the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel.", "Q1933403": "Michael Allen Muir (born March 14, 1963) is an American musician who is the lead vocalist of the Venice, California crossover thrash bands Suicidal Tendencies, Los Cycos and the funk metal band Infectious Grooves. He has also released several solo albums under his nickname Cyco Miko. Muir's trademark is wearing bandanas, jerseys with the number 13, and hats with block style letters that read \"suicidal.\"", "Q63879": "Christopher James Christie (born September 6, 1962) is an American politician, former federal prosecutor, and political commentator who served as the 55th Governor of New Jersey from 2010 to 2018.\nChristie was born in Newark, New Jersey and raised in Livingston, New Jersey. After graduating in 1984 from the University of Delaware, he earned a J.D. at Seton Hall University School of Law. A Republican, Christie was elected county freeholder (legislator) for Morris County, New Jersey, serving from 1995 to 1998. By 2002, he had campaigned for Presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush; the latter appointed him U.S. Attorney for New Jersey, a position he held from 2002 to 2008.\nChristie won the 2009 Republican primary for Governor of New Jersey and defeated Democratic incumbent Jon Corzine in the general election. In his first term, he was credited with cutting spending, capping property tax growth, and engaging in recovery efforts after Hurricane Sandy. He was re-elected by a wide margin in 2013. During his second term as governor, Christie's standing was damaged by the Fort Lee lane closure scandal. After that time, he ranked among the least popular governors in the United States.\nChristie chaired the Republican Governors Association during the 2014 election cycle. On June 30, 2015, he announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination in the 2016 presidential election. He suspended his candidacy on February 10, 2016. Later, he endorsed eventual winner Donald Trump and was named head of Trump's transition planning team. Christie left office in 2018 at the conclusion of his second term as Governor of New Jersey.", "Q275095": "Valerie Chow (born 16 December 1970) is a former Hong Kong actress, fashion publicist and entrepreneur.\nShe has starred in numerous films and several television series, most memorably in Wong Kar-wai's internationally acclaimed 1994 feature, Chungking Express, which earned her a nomination for Best Supporting Actress at the 14th Hong Kong Film Awards. A former Miss Hong Kong runner-up (1991), she is also the first Chinese model to be signed by US cosmetics company Revlon in 1998.Since 2003, she has worked primarily as a fashion publicist and in 2010, opened Mama Kid, a children's designer concept store in Hong Kong.\nIn 2018, she made a surprising return to acting, starring in the film, Prison Architect, by renowned Chinese visual artist Cao Fei. The film was commissioned by Tai Kwun, the Centre for Heritage and Arts in Hong Kong, and screened at the 69th Berlin International Film Festival as part of their Forum Expanded programme.", "Q109496": "Theodor Birt (22 March 1852 in Wandsbek \u2013 28 January 1933 in Marburg) was a German classicist and novelist. He also used the name of the Humanist Beatus Rhenanus as a pseudonym.\n\n", "Q151825": "The Heartbreak Kid is a 2007 American black comedy film directed by the Farrelly brothers. Starring Ben Stiller, it is a remake of the 1972 film of the same name. Also starring are Michelle Monaghan, Malin \u00c5kerman, Jerry Stiller, Rob Corddry, Carlos Mencia, Scott Wilson and Danny McBride. The screenplay for the 2007 film was written by Leslie Dixon, Scot Armstrong, the Farrelly brothers and Kevin Barnett.", "Q129746": "Kathleen Coad \"Kay\" Petre (n\u00e9e Defries; 10 May 1903 \u2013 10 August 1994) was an early motor racing star. She was born in York, Ontario, now part of Toronto.", "Q81624": "Anthony Patrick Hadley (born 2 June 1960) is an English singer-songwriter, occasional stage actor and radio presenter. He rose to fame in the 1980s as the lead singer of the New Romantic band Spandau Ballet and launched a solo career following the group's split in 1990.\nHadley is known for his suave image, as well as his powerful voice, which has been described by AllMusic as a \"dramatic warble\". Music journalist and author Dave Rimmer described his voice as \"like a foghorn\u2014if a foghorn could be imagined trying to emulate both [Frank] Sinatra and [David] Bowie\". His Spandau Ballet bandmate Steve Norman described him as having \"a massive vocal range\". According to Tim Rice, Hadley has a \"strong and expressive voice that few of his contemporaries came near to matching\".", "Q2412514": "Mount Kisco is a village and town in Westchester County, New York, United States. The town of Mount Kisco is coterminous with the village. The population was 10,877 at the 2010 census.It serves as a significant historic site along the Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route.", "Q7216": "Pirates II: Stagnetti's Revenge is a 2008 American pornographic action-adventure film and sequel to the 2005 film Pirates. Produced by Digital Playground, and written and directed by Joone, it stars Jesse Jane, Evan Stone, Steven St. Croix, and Tommy Gunn who reprise their roles from the first film, as well as Belladonna, Sasha Grey, Katsuni, Jenna Haze, and Ben English as new characters. Carmen Luvana, who played the central character of Isabella in the original Pirates, is absent from the sequel.\nWith a budget of $8 million, it is considered as one of the most expensive porn films ever produced. It was released direct-to-DVD and Blu-ray on September 27, 2008. An edited R-rated version of the film is also available.\n\n", "Q130567": "John Scott Fulton, Baron Fulton (27 May 1902 \u2013 14 March 1986) was a British university administrator and public servant. In education, he served as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Wales and of the University of Sussex, and was chair of the Universities Central Council on Admissions between 1961 and 1964. He also became a Governor of the BBC, serving as Vice-Chairman, led the Committee on the Civil Service which reported in 1968, and was chairman of the British Council from 1968 to 1971.", "Q137208": "Philippe Roy, (February 13, 1868 \u2013 December 10, 1948) was a Canadian physician, politician, and diplomat.\nIn 1906, he was appointed to the Senate of Canada representing the senatorial government division of Edmonton, Alberta. A Liberal, he resigned in 1911. From 1911 to 1928, he was Canada's commissioner general in France. From 1928 to 1938, he was the first envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. He concurrently served as the government of Quebec's agent-general in Paris from 1911 until 1912 when the federal government required him to represent only it.", "Q3866537": "The Movement Coordination Centre Europe (MCCE) is a multinational military movement control centre located at Eindhoven Airport in the Netherlands. Its 28 member states are predominantly drawn from NATO and the European Union (EU). The centre is staffed by 32 military and civilian personnel from the participating countries. The main purpose of the MCCE is coordinating and optimising the use of airlift, sealift and land movement assets of the armed forces of the member countries.", "Q53012": "Guido Brignone (6 December 1886 \u2013 6 March 1959) was an Italian film director and actor. He was the father of actress Lilla Brignone and younger brother of actress Mercedes Brignone.\nBrignone was born in Milan, Italy. He was the first Italian Director to win the Venice Film Festival or Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica, the oldest film festival in the world, with Best Italian Film, Teresa Confalonieri (1934).\nHe died in Rome in 1959.\n\n", "Q763402": "PAO S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (Russian: \u0420\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u042d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f\u00bb \u0438\u043c. \u0421. \u041f. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0432\u0430, romanized: Raketno-kosmicheskaya korporatsiya \u201cEnergiya\u201d im. S. P. Koroleva), also known as RSC Energia (\u0420\u041a\u041a \u00ab\u042d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f\u00bb, RKK \u201cEnergiya\u201d), is a Russian manufacturer of ballistic missile, spacecraft and space station components. The company is the prime developer and contractor of the Russian manned spaceflight program; it also owns a majority of Sea Launch. Its name is derived from Sergei Korolev, the first chief of its design bureau, and the Russian word for energy.", "Q166721": "Clifford Warren Ashley (December 18, 1881 \u2013 September 18, 1947) was an American artist, author, sailor, and knot expert. He was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts, son of Abiel Davis Ashley and Caroline Morse. Ashley married Sarah Scudder Clark in 1932, with whom he had two daughters, one of whom is practicing painter Jane Ashley. He also adopted his wife's daughter from a previous marriage. He died in Westport Point, Massachusetts.", "Q90059": "Oswalt Kolle (2 October 1928, in Kiel \u2013 24 September 2010, in Amsterdam) was a German sex educator, who became famous during the late 1960s and early 1970s for his numerous pioneering books and films on human sexuality. His work was translated into all major languages, while his films found an audience of 140 million worldwide. In his 1997 book Open to Both Sides he came out as bisexual. He was awarded the Magnus Hirschfeld Medal in 2000.\nHe had lived in the relatively more sexually liberal city of Amsterdam, Netherlands since the 1970s with his three children to escape harassment of his family by conservative German journalists, and was also a Dutch citizen. His wife died in 2000.", "Q243257": "Chikungunya is an infection caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Symptoms include fever and joint pains. These typically occur two to twelve days after exposure. Other symptoms may include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, and a rash. Symptoms usually improve within a week; however, occasionally the joint pain may last for months or years. The risk of death is around 1 in 1,000. The very young, old, and those with other health problems are at risk of more severe disease.The virus is spread between people by two types of mosquitos: Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. They mainly bite during the day. The virus may circulate within a number of animals including birds and rodents. Diagnosis is by either testing the blood for the virus's RNA or antibodies to the virus. The symptoms can be mistaken for those of dengue fever and Zika fever. After a single infection it is believed most people become immune.The best means of prevention is overall mosquito control and the avoidance of bites in areas where the disease is common. This may be partly achieved by decreasing mosquitoes' access to water and with the use of insect repellent and mosquito nets. There is no vaccine and no specific treatment as of 2016. Recommendations include rest, fluids, and medications to help with fever and joint pain.While the disease typically occurs in Africa and Asia, outbreaks have been reported in Europe and the Americas since the 2000s. In 2014 more than a million suspected cases occurred. In 2014 it was occurring in Florida in the continental United States but as of 2016 there were no further locally acquired cases. The disease was first identified in 1952 in Tanzania. The term is from the Kimakonde language and means \"to become contorted\".", "Q931775": "Daniel De Leon (; December 14, 1852 \u2013 May 11, 1914) was an American socialist newspaper editor, politician, Marxist theoretician, and trade union organizer. He is regarded as the forefather of the idea of revolutionary industrial unionism and was the leading figure in the Socialist Labor Party of America from 1890 until the time of his death.", "Q281102": "Vadakkanchery Veeraraghava Bhagavathar Ravi is an Indian classical music violinist. As an enterprising instrumentalist and violinist he has conducted concerts along with his brother V. V. Subrahmaniam and toured several nations including Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, U.S.A., Canada and England.", "Q45670": "The Kingdom of Portugal (Latin: Regnum Portugalliae, Portuguese: Reino de Portugal) was a monarchy on the Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic. It was in existence from 1139 until 1910. After 1415, it was also known as the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves, and between 1815 and 1822, it was known as the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. The name is also often applied to the Portuguese Empire, the realm's extensive overseas colonies.\nThe nucleus of the Portuguese state was the County of Portugal, established in the 9th century as part of the Reconquista, by V\u00edmara Peres, a vassal of the King of Asturias. The county became part of the Kingdom of Le\u00f3n in 1097, and the Counts of Portugal established themselves as rulers of an independent kingdom in the 12th century, following the battle of S\u00e3o Mamede. The kingdom was ruled by the Alfonsine Dynasty until the 1383\u201385 Crisis, after which the monarchy passed to the House of Aviz.\nDuring the 15th and 16th century, Portuguese exploration established a vast colonial empire. From 1580 to 1640, the Kingdom of Portugal was in personal union with Habsburg Spain.\nAfter the Portuguese Restoration War of 1640\u20131668, the kingdom passed to the House of Braganza and thereafter to the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. From this time, the influence of Portugal declined, but it remained a major power due to its most valuable colony, Brazil. After the independence of Brazil, Portugal sought to establish itself in Africa, but was ultimately forced to yield to the British interests, leading to the collapse of the monarchy in the 5 October 1910 revolution and the establishment of the First Portuguese Republic.\nPortugal was an absolute monarchy before 1822. It rotated between absolute and constitutional monarchy from 1822 until 1834, and was a constitutional monarchy after 1834.", "Q139225": "\u00deorger\u00f0ur Katr\u00edn Gunnarsd\u00f3ttir (born 4 October 1965) is an Icelandic politician, who has been chairman of the Reform Party since 2017.\n\u00deorger\u00f0ur was deputy chairman of the Independence Party from 2005\u20132010. She was the Minister of Education, Science and Culture from 31 December 2003 to 1 February 2009. After the Icelandic economic crash in 2008, \u00deorger\u00f0ur was de facto leader of the government in Geir Haarde's absence owing to Geir having been diagnosed with cancer. She left the Independence Party in 2016 and joined the newly founded Reform Party and became its chairman the following year. She was Minister of Fisheries and Agriculture in 2017.\n\n", "Q195871": "Gervase Duan Spradlin (August 31, 1920 \u2013 July 24, 2011) was an American actor. Known for his distinctive accent and voice, he often played devious authority figures. He is credited in over 70 television and film productions, and performed with actors such as Marlon Brando, Al Pacino, James Garner, Charlton Heston, George C. Scott, and Johnny Depp.", "Q939329": "Buzzcocks are an English punk rock band formed in Bolton, England in 1976 by singer-songwriter-guitarist Pete Shelley and singer-songwriter Howard Devoto. They are regarded as a seminal influence on the Manchester music scene, the independent record label movement, punk rock, power pop, and pop punk. They achieved commercial success with singles that fused pop craftsmanship with rapid-fire punk energy. These singles were collected on Singles Going Steady, described by critic Ned Raggett as a \"punk masterpiece\".Devoto and Shelley chose the name \"Buzzcocks\" after reading the headline, \"It's the Buzz, Cock!\", in a review of the TV series Rock Follies in Time Out magazine. The \"buzz\" is the excitement of playing on stage; \"cock\" is northern English slang meaning \"friend\". They thought it captured the excitement of the nascent punk scene, as well as having humorous sexual connotations following Peter Shelley's time working in a Bolton adult shop. Per the band, there is no \"the\" in Buzzcocks.Devoto left the band in 1977, after which Pete Shelley became the principal singer-songwriter. Shelley died on 6 December 2018, but the band has remained active with Diggle assuming lead vocal duties. They are currently performing with new guitarist Mani Perazzoli.", "Q1046192": "Grigory Alexandrovich Marchenko (or Grigori Alexandrovich Marchenko; born 1959 in Kazakhstan) is a Kazakhstan financier, banker and politician.\nMarchenko was the Chairman of the Executive Board and CEO of Halyk Bank. He served as a Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan in 2004. He is the Honorary Consul of the Singaporean Government to the Kazakh government since November 3, 2006 as well as the Honorary Consul of the Kingdom of Spain in Almaty.\nHe won Euromoney's 2003 Central Bank Governor of the year award. He also was chosen as the best financier of the year (\"the Choice of 2000 of the Republic of Kazakhstan\", \"the Choice of 2005 of the Republic of Kazakhstan\"). He was awarded with a breastplate \"Honored Employee of the National Bank of Kazakhstan\" in 2012.\nHe was twice the chairman of the National Bank of the Republic Kazakhstan: from 1999 to 2004 and from 2009 to 2013.\n\n", "Q1677114": "Jack McGee (born February 2, 1949) is an American television and film character actor. He has appeared in over 100 films and television series.McGee is perhaps best known as Chief Jerry Reilly on the television series Rescue Me. He was a regular cast member on the FX series for three seasons. In 2010, he co-starred as Hickey on the Spike TV comedy series Players.", "Q70813": "Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani (Bengali: \u0986\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1\u09b2 \u09b9\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09a6 \u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u09ad\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09a8\u09c0, 12 December 1880 \u2013 17 November 1976), shortened as Maulana Bhashani was an Islamic scholar and political leader in British India (now Bangladesh). His political tenure spanned the British colonial India, Pakistan and Bangladesh periods.\nMaulana Bhashani is popularly known with the honorary title Mazlum Jananeta (Leader of the Oppressed) for his lifelong stance for the poor suffered by establishment. He gained nationwide mass popularity among peasants and helped to build East Pakistan Peasant Association. Owing to his leaning to the left, often dubbed Islamic Socialism, he is also called 'The Red Maulana'.An alumnus of Deoband, and participant of the Khilafat Movement protesting the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire he led the Muslims of Assam in a successful campaign during the 1947 Sylhet Referendum, through which Sylhet chose to become part of the Pakistan national project. He was the founder and President of the Pakistan Awami Muslim League which later became Awami League (AL). Later however, owing to differences with the right-leaning leaders in the AML, such as Shahid Suhrawardy, on the issue of autonomy for East Pakistan, he formed a new progressive party called National Awami Party (NAP). He also differed with Suhrawardhy when he as Prime Minister of Pakistan decided to join the US-led defence pact CENTO and SEATO. He disagreed with Pakistan's growing ties with the United States.The split among the left-wing camp into pro-Moscow and pro-Peking factions eventually led to the breakup of NAP into two separate parties; the pro-Moscow faction being led by Muzaffar Ahmed. After Pakistan's 1965 war with India, he showed some support for Field Marshal Ayub Khan's regime for its China-leaning foreign policy; but later he provided leadership to a mass uprising against the regime in 1968\u201369 with support from Fatima Jinnah.American journalist Dan Coggin, writing for Time, credited Bhashani, \"as much as any one man\", for instigating the 1969 Mass uprising in East Pakistan that culminated in the collapse of the Ayub Khan regime and the release of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the others accused in the Agartala conspiracy case. According to lay author S. Akhtar Ehtisham, Bhashani's decision to boycott the 1970 Pakistan general elections effectively led to the electoral sweep by erstwhile opponent Mujibur Rahman. The Awami League, without any viable opposition in East Pakistan, won 160 of the 162 seats in the province and thus gained the majority in the Pakistan national assembly.In 2004, Bhashani was ranked number 8 in BBC's poll of the Greatest Bengali of all time.", "Q644917": "Rozz Williams (born Roger Alan Painter; November 6, 1963 \u2013 April 1, 1998) was an American musician, poet, artist, and performance artist. Most known for his work with the bands Christian Death, Shadow Project (with musician Eva O), and with the industrial project Premature Ejaculation. Christian Death is cited by some as a pioneer of the American gothic rock scene as well as deathrock, and is considered to be one of the most influential figures of the scene. However, Williams disliked the \"goth\" label and actively worked to shed it during the 1980s and 1990s by focusing on punk rock, hard rock, cabaret, and spoken word music. Williams was also involved with Daucus Karota, Heltir, EXP, Bloodflag, and his own version of Christian Death (Christian Death featuring Rozz Williams), along with recording a handful of solo albums. Williams was also an avid painter, poet, and collage artist, with many of his works now owned by private collectors and on display at art exhibits. Some of his poetry has been published since his death, and his original suicide note, titled \"December 30, 1334,\" is on display with his urn at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery.\nWilliams committed suicide by hanging himself in his West Hollywood apartment on April 1, 1998. He was 34 years old.", "Q59259": "Michael Benjamin Bay (born February 17, 1965) is an American filmmaker known for directing and producing big-budget, lowbrow, high-concept action films characterized by fast cutting, stylistic visuals and extensive use of special effects, including frequent depictions of explosions. The films he has produced and directed, which include Armageddon (1998), Pearl Harbor (2001) and the Transformers film series (2007\u2013present), have grossed over US$7.8 billion worldwide, making him one of the most commercially successful directors in history.He is co-founder of commercial production house The Institute, a.k.a. The Institute for the Development of Enhanced Perceptual Awareness. He co-owns Platinum Dunes, a production house which has remade horror movies including The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003), The Amityville Horror (2005), The Hitcher (2007), Friday the 13th (2009) and A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010).Despite his commercial success at the box office, Bay's work is generally held in low esteem by film critics. While The Rock (1996) and Transformers (2007) received moderately positive reviews, his other films, including the four Transformers sequels, have been received negatively by critics.", "Q5401": "Eurasia is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Located primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and by Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean to the south. The division between Europe and Asia as two different continents is a historical social construct, with no clear physical separation between them; thus, in some parts of the world, Eurasia is recognized as the largest of the six, five, or even four continents on Earth. In geology, Eurasia is often considered as a single rigid megablock. However, the rigidity of Eurasia is debated based on paleomagnetic data.Eurasia covers around 55,000,000 square kilometres (21,000,000 sq mi), or around 36.2% of the Earth's total land area. The landmass contains well over 5 billion people, equating to approximately 70% of the human population. Humans first settled in Eurasia between 60,000 and 125,000 years ago. Some major islands, including Great Britain, Iceland, and Ireland, and those of Japan, the Philippines and most of Indonesia, are often included under the popular definition of Eurasia, in spite of being separate from the contiguous landmass.\nPhysiographically, Eurasia is a single continent. The concepts of Europe and Asia as distinct continents date back to antiquity and their borders are geologically arbitrary. In ancient times the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara, along with their associated straits, were seen as separating the continents, but today the Ural and Caucasus ranges are more seen as the main delimiters between the two. Eurasia is connected to Africa at the Suez Canal, and Eurasia is sometimes combined with Africa to make the largest contiguous landmass on Earth called Afro-Eurasia. Due to the vast landmass and differences in latitude, Eurasia exhibits all types of climate under the K\u00f6ppen classification, including the harshest types of hot and cold temperatures, high and low precipitation and various types of ecosystems.", "Q46379": "Jos\u00e9 Videla Castillo (1792 - June 1832) was an Argentine military officer who fought in his country's war of independence and later in the Argentine Civil Wars on the Unitarian side.", "Q1376957": "Keith Andes (born John Charles Andes, July 12, 1920 \u2013 November 11, 2005) was an American film, radio, musical theater, stage and television actor.", "Q377": "Yanka Kupala (also spelled Janka Kupa\u0142a, Belarusian: \u042f\u0301\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0430; July 7 [O.S. June 25] 1882 \u2013 June 28, 1942) \u2013 was the pen name of Iv\u00e1n Damin\u00edkavich Luts\u00e9vich (Ivan Daminikavi\u010d \u0141ucevi\u010d, Belarusian: \u0406\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0414\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0301\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u041b\u0443\u0446\u044d\u0301\u0432\u0456\u0447), a Belarusian poet and writer. He is considered one of the greatest Belarusian-language writers of the 20th century.", "Q68084": "Ken Duken (born 17 April 1979) is a German actor.", "Q521845": "Florian Fricke (23 February 1944 \u2013 29 December 2001) was a German musician who started his professional career with electronic music using the Moog synthesizer within the krautrock group Popol Vuh. His music and that of the band however soon evolved in a completely different direction, and he almost completely abandoned synthesizers in favor of the acoustic piano.", "Q1300619": "Cobra (Japanese: \u30b3\u30d6\u30e9, Hepburn: Kobura) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Buichi Terasawa. Set in the far future, the series tells the story of Cobra, who lives an adventurous life until his enemies begin to hunt him down. Cobra surgically alters his face and erases his own memory to hide from his foes and have a normal life. Eventually, he regains his memories and reunites with his former partner Lady Armaroid. Terasawa devised it as a mix of spaghetti western and samurai stories, and aspects of films, varying from James Bond to Disney.\nThe manga was originally serialized in Shueisha's Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump from November 1978 to November 1984. Later, Shueisha collected the chapters and published them in 18 tank\u014dbon volumes. The Cobra manga spawned various sequel manga series, one-shots, a feature-length anime film, two anime series\u2014a 31-episode series in 1982, and a 13-episode series in 2010\u2014, two original video animations (OVAs), audio albums, video games, and other merchandise. In 2010, Alexandre Aja announced the interest in producing a live-action film.\nIn the United States, portions of the manga were published by Viz Media in 1990 and the complete series was published in Kindle format by Creek & River in 2015. The feature film was licensed by Tara for its release in American theaters and by Manga Entertainment in British theaters in 1995. Urban Vision and Discotek Media released it for home video market, while Madman Entertainment acquired it for the Australasian region's release. The anime series was licensed in the Northern American region by Nozomi Entertainment.\nIn Japan, the Cobra manga has sold 40 million copies, making it one of Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump's best-selling manga series of all time. Publications for manga, anime and other media have compared the series to Star Wars and Barbarella, and the main character's attitude to James Bond. Its film adaptation received mixed reviews, and the original anime series as well as Cobra the Animation has been well received by reviewers.", "Q3070": "San Jos\u00e9 (Spanish: [sa\u014b xo\u02c8se]; literally meaning \"Saint Joseph\") is the capital and largest city of Costa Rica, and the capital of the province of the same name. It is located in the centre of the country, specifically in the mid-west of the Central Valley, and contained within San Jos\u00e9 Canton. San Jos\u00e9 is the seat of national government, the focal point of political and economic activity, and the major transportation hub of Costa Rica. The population of San Jos\u00e9 Canton was 288,054 in 2011, and\nSan Jos\u00e9's municipal land area measures 44.2 square kilometers (17.2 square miles), with an estimated 333,980 residents in 2015. Together with several other cantons of the central valley including Alajuela, Heredia and Cartago it forms the Greater Metropolitan Area of the country, with an estimated population of over 2 million in 2017. The city is named in honor of Joseph of Nazareth.\nFounded in 1736 by order of Cabildo de Le\u00f3n, the population of San Jos\u00e9 rose during the 18th century through the use of colonial planning. It has historically been a city of strategic importance, having been the capital of Costa Rica three times. More than 1 million people pass through the city on a daily basis. It is home to the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, the National Theatre of Costa Rica, and La Sabana Metropolitan Park. The Juan Santamar\u00eda International Airport serves the city.\nSan Jos\u00e9 is notable among Latin American cities for its high quality of life, as well as for its security, level of globalization, environmental performance, public service, and recognized institutions. According to studies on Latin America, San Jos\u00e9 is one of the safest and least violent cities in the region. In 2006, the city was appointed Ibero-American Capital of Culture. According to The MasterCard Global Destinations Cities Index 2012, San Jos\u00e9 the sixth-most visited destination in Latin America, ranking first among Central America. San Jos\u00e9 ranked 15th in the world's fastest-growing destination cities by visitor cross-border spending. It is considered a \"Beta-\" global city by GaWC.", "Q315763": "William James Pullman (born December 17, 1953) is an American film, stage, and television actor. After graduating with a Master of Fine Arts degree in theater, Pullman worked as an adjunct professor at Montana State University before deciding to pursue acting. He made his film debut in the 1986 film Ruthless People, and has since gone on to star in other films, such as Spaceballs (1987), The Accidental Tourist (1988), Sleepless In Seattle (1993), While You Were Sleeping (1995), Casper (1995), Independence Day (1996), Lost Highway (1997) and Lake Placid (1999). He has also appeared regularly on television, usually in TV films, though starting in the 2000s he has also starred in miniseries and regular series, including starring roles in 1600 Penn (2012\u201313) and The Sinner (2017\u2013present).\nPullman has also had a long stage acting career, and has appeared on Broadway several times, including in Edward Albee's The Goat, or Who is Sylvia? in 2002.", "Q48354": "Zlata Filipovi\u0107 (born 3 December 1980) is a Bosnian-Irish diarist. She kept a diary from 1991 to 1993 when she was a child living in Sarajevo during the Bosnian war.\nShe and her family survived the war and moved to Paris where they lived for a year.", "Q3023167": "Dennis Fowler Hightower (born October 28, 1941 in Washington, DC), is a former Army Officer, retired business executive, college educator, and public servant who was the United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce from August 11, 2009 to August 27, 2010.", "Q57274": "Yoweri Kaguta Museveni (pronunciation ; born 15 September 1944) is a Ugandan politician who has been President of Uganda since 1986. Museveni was involved in rebellions that toppled notorious Ugandan leaders Idi Amin (1971\u201379) and Milton Obote (1980\u201385) before capturing power in the 80s.\nIn the mid- to late 1990s, Museveni was celebrated by the West as part of a new generation of African leaders. During Museveni's presidency, Uganda has experienced relative peace and significant success in battling HIV/AIDS. At the same time, Uganda remains a country suffering from high levels of corruption, unemployment and poverty.\nMuseveni's presidency has been marred by involvement in the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and other Great Lakes region conflicts; the rebellion in Northern Uganda by the Lord's Resistance Army which caused a humanitarian emergency; and the suppression of political opposition and constitutional amendments scrapping presidential term limits (2005) and the presidential age limit (2017), thus enabling the extension of his rule.", "Q1723237": "The Kamor is a mountain in the Appenzell Alps and has an elevation of 1,751 m above the sea. It is part of a mountain belt which forms the western boundary of the Rhine Valley and is located on the border of the Swiss cantons Appenzell Innerrhoden and Canton of St. Gallen.\nLess than one kilometre to the south is the Hoher Kasten, a 1,794 m high mountain accessible via an aerial tramway. Both mountains are separated by the Kamorsattel, a 1,678 m high saddle.\n\nOn top of the Kamor is a wooden summit cross erected by the section Kamor of the Swiss Alpine Club.\nAscents to Kamor and Hoher Kasten were already described in the early 19th century.", "Q343525": "Phelps \"Catfish\" Collins (October 17, 1943 \u2013 August 6, 2010) was an American musician. A rhythm guitarist, he is known mostly for his work in the P-Funk collective. Although frequently overshadowed by his younger brother, Bootsy Collins, Catfish played on many important and influential records by Parliament, Funkadelic, and Bootsy's Rubber Band.", "Q58147": "Aurelia Frick (born 19 September 1975) is a Liechtensteiner politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Education and Culture from 2009 until 2019.\nFrick is a Doctor of law.", "Q374389": "Venus Wars (\u30f4\u30a4\u30ca\u30b9\u6226\u8a18, Vinasu Senki) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yoshikazu Yasuhiko. It was serialized in the Gakken magazine Nora Comics from 1987 to 1989. In 1989, The Venus Wars was adapted into an anime film directed by Yoshikazu Yasuhiko, and co-written by Yuichi Sasamoto and Yoshikazu Yasuhiko, and produced by Bandai Visual, Gakken, and Shochiku.", "Q1825263": "Ferran Soriano i Compte (born June 16, 1967 in Barcelona) is the Chief Executive Officer of the Premier League's Manchester City F.C., Major League Soccer's New York City F.C., and the A-League's Melbourne City FC. Between 2003 and 2008, he was the Vice-President and General Manager of FC Barcelona.", "Q1607395": "Henry James Wells (born 1906, Dallas) was an American jazz trombonist, vocalist, and bandleader. He was the brother of Dicky Wells.\nWells studied at Fisk University and the Cincinnati Conservatory, and worked professionally starting in the late 1920s. He joined Jimmie Lunceford's band in 1929 and remained with him until 1935; during this time, he also played with Cab Calloway and Claude Hopkins. From 1936 to 1941 he worked intermittently with Andy Kirk, and played with him again in 1946; he left Kirk's employ temporarily to put together his own band and to complete a stint in the U.S. Army. During his time with Kirk, he was often employed as a vocalist, including on recordings. He also played with Gene Krupa and Teddy Hill in the early 1940s. After World War II he worked with Rex Stewart and Sy Oliver; he was active as a performer on the West Coast into the 1960s.", "Q57512": "Michel Joseph Martelly (French pronunciation: \u200b[mi\u0283\u025bl \u0292\u0254z\u025bf ma\u0281teli]; born 12 February 1961) is a Haitian singer and former politician who served as the President of Haiti from May 2011 until February 2016. He is from C\u00f4te-de-fer, a commune located in the South East of Haiti. Martelly was one of Haiti's best-known musicians for over a decade, going by the stage name Sweet Micky. For business and musical reasons, Martelly has moved a number of times between the United States and Haiti. When travelling to the United States, Martelly mostly stays in Florida. After his presidency, Martelly returned to his former band and sang a carnival meringue entitled \"Bal Bannan nan\" (Give Her the Banana), as a response to Liliane Pierre Paul, a famous Haitian female journalist in Port-au-prince.As a singer and keyboardist, \"Sweet Micky\" is known for his Kompa music, a style of Haitian dance music sung predominantly in the Haitian Creole language, but he blended this with other styles. Martelly popularized a \"new generation\" of compas with smaller bands relying on synthesizers and electronic instruments. From 1989 to 2008, Martelly recorded over a dozen studio albums and a number of live CDs. As a musician and club owner in Haiti in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Martelly became associated with the neo-Duvalierist Haitian military and police, including figures such as police chief Michel Fran\u00e7ois, and he agreed with the 1991 Haitian coup d'\u00e9tat against Jean-Bertrand Aristide. In 1995, after Aristide had been restored to office, Martelly's name appeared on a hit list of coup supporters, and he stayed away from Haiti for almost a year. During this time, he released a song, \"Prezidan\" (on the album Pa Manyen), \"an exuberant ditty that called for a president who played compas\". However, he did not run for political office until 2010, when he became a candidate for President of Haiti.\nAfter the catastrophic earthquake, Martelly won the Haitian general election, 2010\u201311 for his party Repons Peyizan (Farmers' Response Party), after a run-off against candidate Mirlande Manigat. Martelly had come in third in the first round of the election, until the Organization of American States forced Jude C\u00e9lestin to withdraw due to alleged fraud. Martelly assumed his position of the President of Haiti on 14 May 2011 after Ren\u00e9 Pr\u00e9val retired to his home in Marmelade. His election campaign included a promise to reinstate the nation's military, which had been abolished in the 1990s by Jean-Bertrand Aristide.", "Q1291666": "Steve Wacholz (born November 5, 1962) is an American heavy metal drummer. He is best known as the drummer of Savatage from 1979\u20131994. His hard-hitting playing style earned him the nickname \"Doctor Hardware Killdrums\" (simply \"Doc\") by his bandmates, as he was known for using a large three kick drumset and extra large 3S drumsticks.", "Q66917": "Corg\u00e9mont is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains.", "Q442474": "Diana Lucile Paxson (born February 20, 1943) is an author, primarily in the fields of Paganism and Heathenism. Her published works include fantasy and historical fiction novels, as well as numerous short stories. More recently she has also published books about Pagan and Heathen religions and practices. She is a founder of the Society for Creative Anachronism, where she is known as Diana the Listmaker.", "Q293260": "Megyn Marie Kelly (born November 18, 1970) is an American journalist and attorney who was a news anchor at Fox News from 2004 to 2017, and a talk show host and correspondent with NBC News from 2017 to 2018. She currently posts to her Instagram page and YouTube channel.During her time at Fox News, Kelly hosted America Live, and before that, co-hosted America's Newsroom with Bill Hemmer. From 2007 to 2012, the two reporters hosted Fox News Channel's New Year's Eve specials. Kelly also hosted The Kelly File from October 2013 to January 2017. In 2014, she was included in the TIME list of the 100 most influential people. Kelly left Fox News in January 2017 and joined NBC News. She started hosting the third hour of the morning show Today with her program titled Megyn Kelly Today in September 2017. The show was cancelled on October 26, 2018, and she left the network in January 2019.\n\n", "Q1713492": "The Young Czech Party (Czech: Mlado\u010de\u0161i, officially National Liberal Party, N\u00e1rodn\u00ed strana svobodomysln\u00e1) was formed in the Bohemian crown land of Austria-Hungary in 1874. It initiated the democratization of Czech political parties and led to the establishment of the political base of Czechoslovakia.", "Q4721598": "Ale\u0161 \u010cerin (born 18 July 1949) is a Slovenian businessman and a politician. In 1973, he graduated from law at the University of Ljubljana. He was the Secretary-General of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia since 1986 till 1992, during the Slovenian proclamation of independence in 1991. Since 1992, he worked in the retail company Mercator, and was since 1997 till 2005 member of its executive board. He was elected to the city council of the City Municipality of Ljubljana in October 2006 as a member of the Zoran Jankovi\u0107 List and was named by Jankovi\u0107 a deputy mayor of the municipality.On 22 December midnight, he replaced Zoran Jankovi\u0107 as the leader of the municipality, as Jankovi\u0107 was elected to the National Assembly and retained his mayoral post only till 21 December 2011, midnight. The replacement was made according to the law, but \u010cerin's leading position was only compatible with the statute of the municipality until the beginning of January 2012, when a tender for the by-election was opened. The election was held on 25 March 2012.\u010cerin is also a keen bicycler and was the president of the Cycling Federation of Slovenia from 1997 till 2005.", "Q283073": "The Pillars of the Earth is an eight-part 2010 TV miniseries, adapted from Ken Follett's novel of the same name. It debuted in the U.S. on Starz and in Canada on The Movie Network/Movie Central on July 23, 2010. Its UK premiere was on Channel 4 in October 2010 at 9pm. In 2011, the series was nominated for 3 Golden Globes, including Best Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for Television, Ian McShane for Best Actor and Hayley Atwell for Best Actress at the 68th Annual Golden Globe Awards.", "Q257544": "Sue Carol (born Evelyn Jean Lederer, October 30, 1906 \u2013 February 4, 1982) was an American actress and talent agent. Carol's film career lasted from the late 1920s into the 1930s; when it ended, she became a talent agent. The last of her three marriages was to one of her clients, Alan Ladd, from 1942 until his death in 1964.", "Q1637256": "Rev Prof Humphrey Lloyd DD FRS FRSE MRIA (1800\u20131881) was an Irish physicist. He was Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy at Trinity College Dublin (1831-1843) and much later Provost (1867\u20131881). Lloyd is known for experimentally verifying conical refraction, a theoretical prediction made by William Rowan Hamilton about the way light is bent when travelling through a biaxial crystal. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and President of both the British Association and the Royal Irish Academy.", "Q353050": "Philip Locke (29 March 1928, London \u2013 19 April 2004, Dedham, Essex) was an English actor.", "Q510326": "Marc K. Nelson (born January 23, 1971) is an American singer and songwriter. His mother was the late American singer Phyllis Nelson, best known for the songs \"I Like You\" and \"Move Closer\". He was an original member of Boyz II Men while still attending Philadelphia's High School of Performing Arts. However, Nelson left the group to pursue a solo career before they released their first album.", "Q1099296": "Clayton McMichen (January 26, 1900 \u2013 January 4, 1970) was an American fiddler and country musician.", "Q92128": "G\u00fcnter Meisner (18 April 1926 \u2013 5 December 1994) was a German film and television character actor. He is remembered for his several cinematic portrayals of Adolf Hitler and for his role as Arthur Slugworth in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory. He was fluent in four languages and appeared in many English-language, German-language and French-language films.", "Q728615": "Irving Howe (; June 11, 1920 \u2013 May 5, 1993) was an American literary and social critic and a prominent figure of the Democratic Socialists of America.", "Q217160": "Kenneth Ray Rogers (August 21, 1938 \u2013 March 20, 2020) was an American singer, songwriter, actor, record producer, and entrepreneur. He was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2013. Rogers was particularly popular with country audiences but also charted more than 120 hit singles across various music genres, and topped the country and pop album charts for more than 200 individual weeks in the United States alone. He sold over 100 million records worldwide during his lifetime, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. His fame and career spanned multiple genres: jazz, folk, pop, rock, and country. He remade his career, and was one of the most successful cross-over artists of all time.In the late 1950s, Rogers began his recording career with the Houston-based group the Scholars, who first released \"The Poor Little Doggie\". After some solo releases including 1958's \"That Crazy Feeling\", Rogers then joined a group with the jazz singer Bobby Doyle. In 1966 he became a member of the folk ensemble the New Christy Minstrels, playing double bass and bass guitar as well as singing. In 1967, he and several members of the New Christy Minstrels left to found the group the First Edition, with whom he scored his first major hit, \"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)\", a psychedelic rock song which peaked at number five on the Billboard charts. As Rogers took an increased leadership role in the First Edition, and following the success of 1969's \"Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town\", the band gradually changed styles to a more country feel. The band broke up in 1975\u20131976, and Rogers embarked on a long and successful solo career, which included several successful collaborations, including duets with singers Dolly Parton and Sheena Easton, and a songwriting partnership with Lionel Richie. His signature song, 1978's \"The Gambler\", was a cross-over hit that won him a Grammy Award in 1980 and was selected in 2018 for preservation in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress. He would develop the Gambler persona into a character for a successful series of television films starting with 1980's Emmy-nominated Kenny Rogers as The Gambler.Rogers' albums The Gambler and Kenny were featured in the About.com poll of \"The 200 Most Influential Country Albums Ever\". He was voted the \"Favorite Singer of All Time\" in a 1986 joint poll by readers of both USA Today and People. He received numerous awards such as the AMAs, Grammys, ACMs and CMAs, as well as a lifetime achievement award for a career spanning six decades in 2003. Later success included the 2006 album release, Water & Bridges, an across the board hit, that hit the Top 5 in the Billboard Country Albums sales charts, also charting in the Top 15 of the Billboard 200. The first single from the album, \"I Can't Unlove You\", was also a sizable chart hit. Remaining a popular entertainer around the world, he continued to tour regularly until his retirement in 2017.Rogers had acting roles in movies and television shows, including the title roles in Kenny Rogers as The Gambler and the MacShayne series for The NBC Mystery Movie, and the 1982 feature film Six Pack. He was a co-founder of the restaurant chain Kenny Rogers Roasters in collaboration with former Kentucky Fried Chicken CEO John Y. Brown Jr. Although the stores closed in the United States, they are still a fixture in Asia.", "Q41370": "David (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05b8\u05bc\u05d5\u05b4\u05d3) is described in the Hebrew Bible as the third king of the United Monarchy of Israel and Judah, becoming king after Ish-bosheth. In the Books of Samuel, David is a young shepherd who gains fame first as a musician and later by killing the enemy champion Goliath. He becomes a favorite of King Saul and a close friend of Saul's son Jonathan. Worried that David is trying to take his throne, Saul turns on David. After Saul and Jonathan are killed in battle, David is anointed as King. David conquers Jerusalem, taking the Ark of the Covenant into the city, and establishing the kingdom founded by Saul. As king, David commits adultery with Bathsheba, leading him to arrange the death of her husband Uriah the Hittite. Because of this sin, David's son Absalom tries to overthrow him. David flees Jerusalem during Absalom's rebellion, but after Absalom's death he returns to the city to rule Israel. Because David shed much blood, God denies David the opportunity to build the temple. Before his peaceful death, he chooses his son Solomon as successor. He is honored in the prophetic literature as an ideal king and the forefather of a future Messiah, and many psalms are ascribed to him.\nHistorians of the Ancient Near East agree that David probably existed around 1000 BCE, but that there is little that can be said about him as a historical figure. It was initially thought that there was no evidence outside of the Bible concerning David, but the Tel Dan Stele, an inscribed stone erected by a king of Damascus in the late 9th/early 8th centuries BCE to commemorate his victory over two enemy kings, contains the phrase in Hebrew: \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\u05d3\u05d5\u05d3\u200e, bytdwd, which most scholars translate as \"House of David\". Ancient Near East historians generally doubt that the united monarchy as described in the Bible existed.\nDavid is richly represented in post-biblical Jewish written and oral tradition, and is discussed in the New Testament. Early Christians interpreted the life of Jesus in light of the references to the Messiah and to David; Jesus is described as being descended from David. David is discussed in the Quran as a major prophet and figures in Islamic oral and written tradition as well. The biblical character of David has inspired many interpretations in art and literature over centuries.", "Q84992": "Michael Graf von Matuschka (29 September 1888\u201314 September 1944) was a German politician who took part in the 20 July plot.", "Q1201513": "The University of Otago (M\u0101ori: Te Whare W\u0101nanga o Ot\u0101go) is a collegiate university based in Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand. It scores highly for average research quality, and in 2006 was second in New Zealand only to the University of Auckland in the number of A-rated academic researchers it employs. In the past it has topped the New Zealand Performance Based Research Fund evaluation.The university was created by a committee led by Thomas Burns, and officially established by an ordinance of the Otago Provincial Council in 1869. The university accepted its first students in July 1871, making it the oldest university in New Zealand and third-oldest in Oceania. Between 1874 and 1961 the University of Otago was a part of the federal University of New Zealand, and issued degrees in its name.Otago is known for its vibrant student life, particularly its flatting, which is often in old houses. Otago students (Scarfies) have a long standing tradition of naming their flats. The nickname \"Scarfie\" comes from the habit of wearing a scarf during the cold southern winters. The university's graduation song, Gaudeamus igitur, iuvenes dum sumus (\"Let us rejoice, while we are young\"), acknowledges students will continue to live up to the challenge, if not always in the way intended. The university's student magazine, Critic, is New Zealand's longest running student magazine.\nThe architectural grandeur and accompanying gardens of Otago University led to it being ranked as one of the world's most beautiful university campuses by the British publications The Daily Telegraph and The Huffington Post.", "Q265290": "Kimberley Joseph (born August 30, 1973) is a Canadian Australian actress who is based in the United States. Joseph was born in Canada, brought up on the Gold Coast in Australia and educated in Switzerland. After returning to Australia, she began a degree at Bond University but dropped out at the age of 19 when she was cast in the soap opera Paradise Beach. She had no formal acting training but appeared in the soap for the 18 months it was produced. After Paradise Beach ended, she had casual work on Hey Hey It's Saturday before co-hosting the popular Seven Network series Gladiators.\nAfter three series of Gladiators, Joseph was eager to return to acting, so took the role of villain Joanne Brennan in Home and Away from 1995 to 1996. In 1999, she moved to the United States to study acting at the Atlantic Theater Company in New York City, then spent 18 months unsuccessfully auditioning for roles in Los Angeles. In 2001, she was cast as Jo Ellison in the British television series Cold Feet. She appeared in the fourth and fifth series and returned to Australia two days after filming the final episode in 2002. In 2004, she appeared in a major recurring role as Dr. Grace Connelly in six episodes of the Australian soap opera All Saints. She returned to America after filming All Saints, where she got a small role as flight attendant Cindy Chandler in the pilot episode of Lost. The role was supposed to be a one-off in the pilot but a producer liked Joseph and the character, so brought her back for a recurring role in the second, third and sixth seasons. Away from acting, Joseph has been involved in efforts to highlight the effects of Soviet nuclear testing in Kazakhstan, including directing a short film.", "Q630728": "Geoffrey Keen (21 August 1916 \u2013 3 November 2005) was an English actor who appeared in supporting roles in many films.", "Q970729": "O Globo (Portuguese pronunciation: [u \u02c8\u0261lobu], The Globe) is a Brazilian newspaper based in Rio de Janeiro. O Globo is the most prominent print publication in the Grupo Globo media conglomerate, which includes globo.com, which is the top 5 website in Brazil and top 134 worldwide.Founded by journalist Irineu Marinho, owner of A Noite, it was originally intended as a morning daily to extend the newspaper interests of the company. In time, it became the flagship paper of the group. When Irineu died weeks after the founding of the newspaper in 1925, it was inherited by his son Roberto. At age 21, he started working as a trainee reporter for the paper and later became managing editor.\nRoberto Marinho developed Grupo Globo (the conglomerate of media companies consisting of O Globo, Rede Globo, R\u00e1dio Globo, Editora Globo and other subsidiaries) as Brazil's largest media group, entering radio in the 1940s and TV in the 1960s, and picking up other interests.", "Q329924": "Abraham Darby, in his later life called Abraham Darby the Elder, now sometimes known for convenience as Abraham Darby I (14 April 1678 \u2013 5 May 1717), was the first and best known of several men of that name. Born into an English Quaker family that played an important role in the Industrial Revolution, Darby developed a method of producing pig iron in a blast furnace fuelled by coke rather than charcoal. This was a major step forward in the production of iron as a raw material for the Industrial Revolution.", "Q23293": "East Sussex is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent to the north and east, West Sussex to the west, and Surrey for a short distance to the north-west, as well as the English Channel to the south.", "Q108946": "A Few Good Men is a 1992 American legal drama film directed by Rob Reiner and starring Tom Cruise, Jack Nicholson, and Demi Moore, with Kevin Bacon, Kevin Pollak, Cuba Gooding Jr., Wolfgang Bodison, James Marshall, J. T. Walsh, and Kiefer Sutherland in supporting roles. It was adapted for the screen by Aaron Sorkin from his play of the same name and includes contributions by William Goldman. The film revolves around the court-martial of two U.S. Marines charged with the murder of a fellow Marine and the tribulations of their lawyers as they prepare a case to defend their clients.", "Q978375": "Eduardo de G\u00f3es \"Edu\" Lobo (born August 29, 1943) is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and composer.\n\nHe achieved fame in the 1960s as part of the bossa nova movement.His compositions include the world-famous Upa Neguinho (with Gianfrancesco Guarnieri), Pra Dizer Adeus (with Torquato Neto; also known in its English version as \"To say goodbye\"), Choro Bandido, A hist\u00f3ria de Lily Braun, Beatriz (the latter three songs with Chico Buarque), Arrast\u00e3o and Canto triste (both with Vinicius de Moraes), and Ponteio (with Capinam). Ponteio won best song at the 3rd Festival de M\u00fasica Popular Brasileira in the recording by Quarteto Novo in 1967.He has worked with, and his songs have been covered by artists like Toots Thielemans, Marcos Valle, Elis Regina, Sylvia Telles, Sergio Mendes, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Milton Nascimento, Maria Beth\u00e2nia, Gilberto Gil, Gal Costa, Caetano Veloso, Monica Salmaso, Sarah Vaughan, Earth, Wind & Fire, Caterina Valente and others.\nDos Navegantes, a collaboration album by him, Romero Lubambo and Mauro Senise, won the 2017 Latin Grammy Award for Best MPB Album.", "Q129988": "Il malato immaginario (internationally released as Hypochondriac) is a 1979 Italian comedy film directed by Tonino Cervi. It is a loose adaptation of Moli\u00e8re's Le Malade imaginaire set in 1600 papal Rome.", "Q659946": "Alexander Stille (born 1 January 1957 in New York City) is an American author and journalist. He is the son of Ugo Stille, a well-known Italian journalist and a former editor of Italy's Milan-based Corriere della Sera newspaper. Alexander Stille graduated from Yale and later the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. He has written many articles on the subject of Italy, in particular its politics and the Mafia.\nHis first book, Benevolence and Betrayal: Five Italian Jewish Families Under Fascism, was chosen by the Times Literary Supplement as one of the best books of 1992 and received the Los Angeles Times book award. In the chapter The Rabbi, the Priest and the Aviator: A Story of Rescue in Genoa he writes about the life of Massimo Teglio during the war.\nIn 1995 he wrote Excellent Cadavers: The Mafia and the Death of the First Italian Republic, an investigation into the Sicilian Mafia in the latter half of the twentieth century and in particular the events leading up to the major crackdown against the criminal organization in the 1990s following the bloodthirsty reign of Salvatore Riina. The book was dedicated to the memory of anti-mafia judges Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino. The events outlined in the book were made into a 1999 movie of the same name.\nIn 2003 he wrote The Future of the Past, about the efforts to preserve historical monuments and documentary evidence of ancient times. In 2006 he wrote The Sack of Rome: How a Beautiful European Country with a Fabled History and a Storied Culture Was Taken Over by a Man Named Silvio Berlusconi, about Silvio Berlusconi. His book The Force of Things: A Marriage in War and Peace was published in February 2013.\nStille also writes for The Boston Globe, The New York Review of Books, The New York Times and The New Yorker. For a short time, Stille lived in Milan, Italy, but currently resides in New York City and is the San Paolo Professor of International Journalism at Columbia. He was married to poet Lexi Rudnitsky until her death in January 2005. They had one son, Samuel, who was born in October 2004. Stille was named a Guggenheim Fellow in 2008.", "Q290769": "Franck Alain James Leboeuf (French: [f\u0281\u0251\u0303k l\u0259.b\u0153f], typically anglicised as Frank Leboeuf, born 22 January 1968) is a French actor, sports commentator and former French international footballer who played as a centre back. With the French national team, Leboeuf won the 1998 FIFA World Cup and 2000 European Championship as well as a number of domestic trophies, most famously during his 5 years at Chelsea. Since the conclusion of his playing career, Leboeuf has transitioned to acting, appearing in stage and film productions.\n\n", "Q311263": "John Wilden Hughes Jr. (February 18, 1950 \u2013 August 6, 2009) was an American filmmaker. Beginning as an author of humorous essays and stories for National Lampoon, he went on to write, produce and sometimes direct some of the most successful live-action comedy films of the 1980s and 1990s such as National Lampoon's Vacation (1983) and its sequels National Lampoon's European Vacation (1985) and National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989), Mr. Mom (1983), Sixteen Candles (1984), Weird Science (1985), The Breakfast Club (1985), Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986), Pretty in Pink (1986), Some Kind of Wonderful (1987), Planes, Trains and Automobiles (1987), She's Having a Baby (1988), Uncle Buck (1989), Dutch (1991), Dennis the Menace (1993), Baby's Day Out (1994), the Beethoven franchise (co-written under a pseudonym with Amy Holden-Jones) and Home Alone (1990) and its sequels Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992) and Home Alone 3 (1997).\nMost of Hughes's work is set in the Chicago metropolitan area. He is best known for his coming-of-age teen comedy films which often combined magic realism with honest depictions of suburban teenage life. Many of his most enduring characters from these years were written for Molly Ringwald, who was Hughes' muse. \nWhile out on a walk one morning in New York in the summer of 2009, Hughes suffered a fatal heart attack. His legacy after his death was honored by many, including at the 82nd Academy Awards by actors with whom he had worked such as Matthew Broderick, Molly Ringwald, Anthony Michael Hall and Macaulay Culkin among others. Actors whose careers Hughes helped launch include Michael Keaton, Anthony Michael Hall, Bill Paxton, Broderick, Culkin and members of the Brat Pack group.", "Q72962": "Reservoir Dogs is a 1992 American independent crime film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino in his feature-length debut. It stars Harvey Keitel, Tim Roth, Chris Penn, Steve Buscemi, Lawrence Tierney, Michael Madsen, Tarantino, and Edward Bunker, as diamond thieves whose planned heist of a jewelry store goes terribly wrong. The film depicts the events before and after the heist. Kirk Baltz, Randy Brooks and Steven Wright also play supporting roles. It incorporates many motifs that have become Tarantino's hallmarks: violent crime, pop culture references, profanity, and nonlinear storytelling.\nThe film is regarded as a classic of independent film and a cult film, and was named \"Greatest Independent Film of all Time\" by Empire. Although controversial for its depictions of violence and use of profanity, Reservoir Dogs was generally well received, with the cast being praised by many critics. Despite not being heavily promoted during its theatrical run, the film became a modest success in the United States after grossing $2.8 million against its $1.2 million budget, and was more successful in the United Kingdom, grossing nearly \u00a36.5 million. It achieved higher popularity after the success of Tarantino's next film, Pulp Fiction (1994). A soundtrack was released featuring songs used in the film, which are mostly from the 1970s.", "Q1285613": "Edward Spencer Abraham (born June 12, 1952) is an American attorney, author and politician who was a United States Senator from Michigan from 1995 to 2001 and the tenth United States Secretary of Energy, serving under President George W. Bush, from 2001 to 2005. Abraham, a Republican, is one of the founders of the Federalist Society and a co-founder of the Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy. To date, Abraham is the last Republican to serve as a U.S. Senator from Michigan.", "Q160422": "Theo van Doesburg (Dutch: [\u02c8te\u02d0jo\u02d0 v\u0251n \u02c8dusb\u0275rx], 30 August 1883 \u2013 7 March 1931) was a Dutch artist, who practiced painting, writing, poetry and architecture. He is best known as the founder and leader of De Stijl. He was married to artist, pianist and choreographer Nelly van Doesburg.", "Q203101": "Don't Make Waves is a 1967 American sex comedy (with elements of the beach party genre) starring Tony Curtis, Claudia Cardinale, Dave Draper and Sharon Tate. Distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the film was directed by Alexander Mackendrick and is based on the 1959 novel Muscle Beach, by Ira Wallach, who also wrote the screenplay.\nThe film depicts a series of romantic triangles between different groupings of the principal cast and supporting players among several backdrops involving Southern California culture (swimming pools, bodybuilding, beach life, fantastic real estate, mudslides, metaphysical gurus, etc.).", "Q936768": "Kirkland is a city in King County, Washington, United States. A suburb east of Seattle, its population was 89,557 in a 2018 census estimate, which made it the sixth largest city in the county and the thirteenth largest in the state.\nThe city's downtown waterfront has restaurants, art galleries, a performing arts center, public parks, beaches, and a collection of public art, primarily bronze sculptures.\nKirkland was the original home of the Seattle Seahawks; the NFL team's headquarters and training facility were located at the Lake Washington Shipyard (now Carillon Point) along Lake Washington for their first ten seasons (1976\u201385), then at nearby Northwest University through 2007. Warehouse chain Costco previously had its headquarters in Kirkland. While Costco is now headquartered in Issaquah, the city is the namesake of its \"Kirkland Signature\" store brand.", "Q1828035": "Lisburn (; from Irish: Lios na gCearrbhach [l\u0320\u02b2\u026as\u02e0 n\u032a\u02e0\u0259 \u02c8\u025fa\u02d0\u027e\u02e0w\u0259x]) is a city in Northern Ireland. It is 8 mi (13 km) southwest of Belfast city centre, on the River Lagan, which forms the boundary between County Antrim and County Down. Lisburn is part of the Belfast Metropolitan Area. It had a population of 45,370 people in the 2011 Census.Formerly a borough, Lisburn was granted city status in 2002 as part of Queen Elizabeth II's Golden jubilee celebrations. It is the third-largest city in Northern Ireland. Lisburn is one of the constituent cities that make up the Dublin-Belfast corridor region which has a population of just under 3 million.", "Q151827": "Celebration Day is a concert film by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, recorded at the Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert on 10 December 2007, in The O2 Arena, London. The film was given a limited theatrical release starting on 17 October 2012, and was released on several home audio and video formats on 19 November 2012. The performance, the film, and album releases have been widely praised.", "Q119687": "Helge Marcus Ingstad (30 December 1899 \u2013 29 March 2001) was a Norwegian explorer. After mapping some Norse settlements, Ingstad and archaeologist Anne Stine Ingstad (his wife) in 1960 found remnants of a Viking settlement in L'Anse aux Meadows in the province of Newfoundland in Canada. They were thus the first to prove conclusively that the Icelandic/ Greenlandic Norsemen such as Leif Erickson had found a way across the Atlantic Ocean to North America, roughly 500 years before Christopher Columbus and John Cabot. He also thought that the mysterious disappearance of the Greenland Norse Settlements in the 14th and 15th centuries could be explained by their emigration to North America.Helge Ingstad died at Diakonhjemmet Hospital in Oslo at the age of 101.", "Q23287": "West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering East Sussex (with Brighton and Hove) to the east, Hampshire to the west and Surrey to the north, and to the south the English Channel.\nWest Sussex is the western part of the historic county of Sussex, formerly a medieval kingdom. With an area of 1,991 square kilometres (769 sq mi) and a population of over 800,000, West Sussex is a ceremonial county, with a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff. Chichester in the south-west is the county town and the only city in West Sussex; the largest towns are Crawley, Worthing and Horsham.\nWest Sussex has a range of scenery, including wealden, downland and coastal. The highest point of the county is Blackdown, at 280 metres (919 ft). It has a number of stately homes including Goodwood, Petworth House and Uppark, and castles such as Arundel Castle and Bramber Castle. Over half the county is protected countryside, offering walking, cycling and other recreational opportunities.", "Q733547": "Michel Zevaco (also written as Z\u00e9vaco) (1 February 1860, Ajaccio - 8 August 1918, Eaubonne) was a French journalist, novelist, publisher, film director, and anti-clerical as well as anarchist activist.\nMichel Zevaco founded the anarchist weekly magazine Gueux (French, Beggars) on 27 March 1892. A month later he was jailed for 6 months and fined for praising Pini and Ravachol. Afterwards he wrote for S\u00e9bastien Faure's journal, Libertaire, as well as for the anarchist newspaper La Renaissance. In 1898, he edited l'Anticl\u00e9rical, for the Anticlerical League of France and was involved in supporting Alfred Dreyfus during the eponymous Dreyfus Affair.\nZevaco's famous cloak and dagger novels, Les Pardaillan, began to be serialized in the daily newspapers in 1900 to great popular success. Yet he is today quite unknown, in spite of the new interest aroused by popular literature.\nA former school teacher, then an officer, he became a militant journalist, who wrote for various revolutionary newspapers, of anarchist tendency. He became famous mainly for the part he played in the anti-clerical struggles at the end of the 19th century. Then, as a writer of serial novels, he published works which had a great success in Jean Jaur\u00e8s' daily La Petite R\u00e9publique, and he became appointed serial writer for Le Matin from 1906 to his death.\nHis already well-established popularity was made even greater by his promising beginnings as a film-director in 1917. His novels first published by Fayard and Tallandier were republished several times and adapted for the screen; the latest paperback edition only gives a mutilated version, and is impaired by many cuts.\nHe is remembered as the author of Les Pardaillan, Le Capitan, Le Pont des soupirs (Bridge of Sighs), Borgia, Buridan, L'H\u00e9ro\u00efne, l'H\u00f4tel Saint Pol and Nostradamus, his most famous historical novels, but also published novels related to his times. Some of his serials have not yet been published.\nZevaco's novels, including the Les Pardaillan series, were translated into Persian as part of the great interest in historical novels in Iran. The publisher was Gutenberg Publishers, a joint project of the famous Soviet Mir Publishing House and an Iranian publisher. Following the success of the translations of the novels of Alexandre Dumas in Iran, many translators sought similar novels to translate. Among these were Zabihollah Mansouri and Manuchehr Motiei, the latter even attempting to write similar novels set in an Iranian environment. Among the novels translated were the Les Pardaillan, Fausta the Female Pope, Nostradamus, Buridan, and many other works of Zevaco. In Persian, due to a mistake, his name sometimes is written as Z-W-A-G-O which can be read as Zewago or Zouago and has caused problems. \n\nleader of Iran Ayatollah Khamenei has also read some novels of Zevaco and recommended them to the youths : I do not want to introduce too many books and novels to the youths, but I may name some authors. For instance, there is a well-known French author called Michel Zevaco who has written many books. I have read most of his novels in the past.\nIn the 1960s, many of Zevaco's historical novels were translated to Hebrew and published with considerable success by the M. Mizrahi (\u05de. \u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05d9) publishing house in Tel Aviv \u05de. \u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7\u05d9. The 1963 translation of Le Capitan was by Yehoshua Kenaz, a well-known Israeli writer. However, these Hebrew translations are long out of print, and Zevaco is virtually unknown to later generations of Hebrew readers.\nZevaco is well known in Turkey; his most important books have been translated and published in Turkish. Borgia was translated in 1909 into Ottoman language, and printed by Hilal Matbaas\u0131. The Les Pardaillan series have appeared in many different editions, printed by \u015eems Matbaas\u0131 in 1910s, by \u0130NKILAP VE AKA in 1940s, by G\u00dcVEN BASIM VE YAYINEV\u0130 in 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, by Baskan and Olu\u015f in 1970s. There are two new translations after 2000.", "Q45102": "Christian Ude (born 26 October 1947 in Munich) is a German politician who served as mayor of Munich from 1993 to 2014. He is a member of the German Social Democratic Party.", "Q139557": "Friedrich Ludwig Zacharias Werner (November 18, 1768 \u2013 January 17, 1823) was a German poet, dramatist, and preacher. As a dramatist, he is known mainly for inaugurating the era of the so-called \u201ctragedies of fate.\u201d", "Q1820469": "Leslie Thompson Baxter (March 14, 1922 \u2013 January 15, 1996) was an American musician and composer. After working as an arranger and composer for swing bands, he developed his own style of easy listening music, known as exotica.", "Q3622750": "Arjun Gupta is an Indian American entrepreneur, venture capitalist, and philanthropist.", "Q1691485": "Joe Kayser (September 14, 1891, St. Louis - October 3, 1981, Evanston, Illinois) was an American dance bandleader.\nIn 1917, Kayser relocated to New York City to join Earl Fuller's band, which played at a restaurant called Rector's. He enlisted in the U.S. Navy during World War I, forming a band which included Benny Kubelsky on violin. Following the war, the Meyer Davis Organization hired him to lead a dance band which played in North and South Carolina. In 1921, he returned to his home town of St. Louis, where he put together his own group, which started as a five-piece but which eventually grew to the size of an orchestra. Among his sidemen were Gene Krupa, David Rose, Muggsy Spanier, Jess Stacy, and Frankie Trumbauer. The group became a popular territory band in the Midwest, and eventually moved to Chicago, where it played at the Trianon Ballroom and the Aragon Ballroom.\nStarting in 1929, Kayser began taking positions as musical director of theater orchestras - first the Diversey Theater, in Chicago, and then the Midland Theater, in Kansas City. He continued to tour with his orchestra while holding these positions. He played at the 1933 World's Fair, accompanying Sally Rand. He dissolved the band in 1936 to work for NBC, and then became an executive for MCA in 1943, remaining there until his retirement in 1955.", "Q928556": "Pawe\u0142 Marek Huelle (born 10 September 1957 in Gda\u0144sk, Poland) is a Polish prose writer.", "Q1173129": "David \"Dave\" Black (January 23, 1928 in Philadelphia - December 4, 2006) was an American jazz drummer who is most notable for his work with Duke Ellington from 1953 to 1955. Prior to that, Black had been the drummer in the house band at the Philadelphia Blue Note Jazz Club where he played with the likes of Charlie Parker, Buddy DeFranco and Zoot Sims. In 1955 Black contracted polio and left the Duke Ellington Orchestra. After recovering, he moved to the San Francisco Bay Area and partnered with Bob Scobey until the latter's death in 1963. Dave Black continued to perform with Bay Area and various international jazz musicians until his death in 2006.", "Q1046838": "The New wave of American heavy metal (also known as NWOAHM (or NWoAHM) and the New wave of American metal) was a heavy metal music movement that originated in the United States during the early to mid-1990s and expanded most in the early to mid-2000s. Some of the bands considered part of the movement had formed as early as the late 1980s, but did not become influential or reach popular standing until the following decade. The term itself borrows from the new wave of British heavy metal dating to 1979. NWOAHM includes a wide variety of styles, including alternative metal, groove metal, industrial metal, nu metal and metalcore.\nAlthough the term is used by the media with increasing frequency, the definition has not been finished completely. This is due in part to the growing addition of bands that assimilate to common styles in NWOAHM (as defined below), yet have not differentiated greatly enough as to garner a new genre moniker. One description by longtime metal author Garry Sharpe-Young helps classify the NWOAHM as a \"marriage of European-style riffing and throaty vocals\" Several of the bands within the NWOAHM are credited with bringing heavy metal back into the mainstream.", "Q156190": "Dom Pedro II (Peter II; 26 April 1648 \u2013 9 December 1706), nicknamed \"the Pacific\", was the King of Portugal from 1683 until his death, previously serving as regent for his brother Afonso VI from 1668 until his own accession. He was the fifth and last child of John IV and Luisa de Guzm\u00e1n.", "Q459726": "Gellert Tamas (born 1963) is a Swedish journalist and writer. He is of Hungarian origin.Tamas has worked for Dagens Nyheter, Sweden's leading daily newspaper, and as a journalist for TV4.\nTamas is mostly known for his 2002 book Lasermannen \u2013 en ber\u00e4ttelse om Sverige (The Laser Man \u2013 A story about Sweden). The book is about the life John Ausonius, a killer who shot people with foreign backgrounds, first with a rifle with a laser sight in Stockholm in the winter of 1991 and with a revolver caliber 38 in the spring of 1992. The book became a bestseller and was adapted into a mini TV-series for SVT in 2005. \nIn 2017, Nya Tider published an article criticizing Gellert Tamas for having intentionally character assassinated psychiatrist Thomas Jackson after he stated that the apathetic children were victims of coerced child abuse.\nOn April 4, 2019, Gellert Tamas threatened to sue the paper Expressen after they published a Facebook post of reporter and author Lawen Mohtadi where she, after working together, criticizes Tamas of being a \"bully, a sexist and a narcissist with an enflated self image who was of the opinion that others should be greatful to work with him\".\nOn August 16, 2019, the independent media examiner Magasin Filter criticized Tamas for refusing to answer questions regarding his publications on the apathetic children and instead attacking a straw man. Thomas Jackson responded positively on the critique and wrote that Tamas was \"a parasitical psychopath who lied the public about the truth of the apathetic refugee children\".", "Q3603946": "The Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze (\"National Academy of the Sciences\"), or more formally L\u2019Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL, and also called the Accademia dei XL (\"Academy of the Forty\"), is Italy's national academy of science. Its offices are located within the Villino Rosso, at the corner of via L. Spallanzani and via Siracusa, Villa Torlonia, Rome.\nThe academy promotes progress in mathematics, physics, and natural sciences; organizes meetings; publishes journals; establishes consultative committees for governmental agencies; and awards scientific prizes.\nThe academy contains 40 fellows and a variable number of \"fellows in excess\" who are age 70 and above, and who have been fellows for at least five years. It also contains 25 foreign members.", "Q98377": "Wilhelm Salomon Freund (1831\u20131915) was a Jewish German lawyer and politician.\nFreund was born in Schmiegel (\u015amigiel) in the Province of Posen. He received his law degree from the University of Breslau (Wroc\u0142aw). He served as a member of the Prussian House of Deputies from 1876\u201379 and a member of the Reichstag from 1879\u201381. He died in Breslau.", "Q253736": "Mariela Castro Esp\u00edn (born 27 July 1962) is the director of the Cuban National Center for Sex Education in Havana, as well as the National Commission for Comprehensive Attention to Transsexual People, and an activist for LGBT rights in Cuba. Castro is an outspoken advocate for the LGBT+ community and has publicly stated that she will fight for their rights even if it means going against her own family. Castro is widely known as one of the main drivers for the fight for acceptance of the LGBT+ community, especially in Latin American countries - most notably, Cuba - as well as dissolving some of the antiquated stigmas and stereotypes that surround the community. She is the daughter of Communist Party First Secretary Ra\u00fal Castro and feminist and revolutionary Vilma Esp\u00edn, and the niece of former First Secretary Fidel Castro.", "Q57506": "Andris B\u0113rzi\u0146\u0161 (born 10 December 1944) is a Latvian businessman and politician who was President of Latvia from 2011 to 2015. B\u0113rzi\u0146\u0161 was the President of Unibanka from 1993 to 2004. He was elected as President by the Saeima on 2 June 2011.\n\n", "Q3161354": "James Robert Rice (born December 3, 1940) is an American engineer, scientist, geophysicist, and Mallinckrodt Professor of Engineering Sciences and Geophysics at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, .Rice is known as mechanician, who has made fundamental contributions to various aspects of solid mechanics. Two of his early contributions are the concept of the J-integral in fracture mechanics and an explanation of how plastic deformations localize in a narrow band. In recent years, Rice has focused on the mechanical processes involved in earthquakes. In 2015, the Society of Engineering Science established the James R. Rice Medal to honor Rice\u2019s contributions to the engineering sciences. He is a member of both the National Academy of Engineering as well as the National Academy of Sciences.\n\n", "Q1064327": "Johnny & Associates (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u30b8\u30e3\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240, Kabushiki-gaisha Jan\u012bzu Jimusho) is a Japanese talent agency, formed by Johnny Kitagawa in 1962, which trains and promotes groups of male entertainers known as Johnny's (\u30b8\u30e3\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba, Jan\u012bzu).", "Q965456": "George MacDonald Fraser (2 April 1925 \u2013 2 January 2008) was a Scottish author and screenwriter. He is best known for a series of works that featured the character Flashman.", "Q1723545": "Hiroyuki Kanai (\u91d1\u4e95 \u5b8f\u4e4b, Kanai Hiroyuki, 16 May 1925 in Amagasaki \u2013 26 January 2012) was a Japanese businessman, writer and philatelist.\n\n", "Q58635": "Punjabi (English: ; Punjabi: [p\u0259n\u02c8d\u0292a\u02d0b\u02d0i], \u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40, \u067e\u0646\u0658\u062c\u0627\u0628\u06cc) is an Indo-Aryan language with more than 125 million native speakers in the Indian subcontinent and around the world. It is the native language of the Punjabi people, an ethnolinguistic group of the cultural region of Punjab, which encompasses northwest India and eastern Pakistan.\nPunjabi is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan, the 11th most widely spoken language in India and the third most-spoken native language in the Indian subcontinent. It is also the fifth most-spoken native language in Canada after English, French, Mandarin and Cantonese.\nPunjabi is unusual among Indo-European languages in its use of lexical tone; see \u00a7 Tone below for examples. Gurmukhi is the official script for the language in Punjab, India while Shahmukhi is used in Punjab, Pakistan; other national and local scripts have also been in use historically and currently, as discussed in \u00a7 Writing systems.", "Q201716": "Alex Webster (born October 25, 1969) is an American bass player, who is best known as a member of the death metal band Cannibal Corpse. He is one of two current members who were of the original lineup of the band, the other being drummer Paul Mazurkiewicz. He is also the bassist for the band Blotted Science and the supergroup Conquering Dystopia, and before Cannibal Corpse was formed he was part of Beyond Death.", "Q405": "The Moon is an astronomical body orbiting Earth as its only natural satellite. It is the fifth-largest satellite in the Solar System, and by far the largest among planetary satellites relative to the size of the planet that it orbits (its primary). The Moon is, after Jupiter's satellite Io, the second-densest satellite in the Solar System among those whose densities are known.\nThe Moon is thought to have formed about 4.51 billion years ago, not long after Earth. The most widely accepted explanation is that the Moon formed from the debris left over after a giant impact between Earth and a hypothetical Mars-sized body called Theia. New research of Moon rocks, although not rejecting the Theia hypothesis, suggests that the Moon may be older than previously thought.The Moon is in synchronous rotation with Earth, and thus always shows the same side to Earth, the near side. Because of libration, slightly more than half (about 59%) of the total lunar surface can be viewed from Earth. The near side is marked by dark volcanic maria that fill the spaces between the bright ancient crustal highlands and the prominent impact craters. After the Sun, the Moon is the second-brightest celestial object regularly visible in Earth's sky. Its surface is actually dark, although compared to the night sky it appears very bright, with a reflectance just slightly higher than that of worn asphalt. Its gravitational influence produces the ocean tides, body tides, and the slight lengthening of the day.\nThe Moon's average orbital distance is 384,402 km (238,856 mi), or 1.28 light-seconds. This is about thirty times the diameter of Earth. The Moon's apparent size in the sky is almost the same as that of the Sun, since the star is about 400 times the lunar distance and diameter. Therefore, the Moon covers the Sun nearly precisely during a total solar eclipse. This matching of apparent visual size will not continue in the far future because the Moon's distance from Earth is gradually increasing.\nThe Moon was first reached by a human-made object in September 1959, when the Soviet Union's Luna 2, an unmanned spacecraft, was intentionally crashed onto the lunar surface. This accomplishment was followed by the first successful soft landing on the Moon by Luna 9 in 1966. The United States' NASA Apollo program achieved the only manned lunar missions to date, beginning with the first manned orbital mission by Apollo 8 in 1968, and six manned landings between 1969 and 1972, with the first being Apollo 11 in July 1969. These missions returned lunar rocks which have been used to develop a geological understanding of the Moon's origin, internal structure, and the Moon's later history. Since the 1972 Apollo 17 mission, the Moon has been visited only by unmanned spacecraft.\nBoth the Moon's natural prominence in the earthly sky and its regular cycle of phases as seen from Earth have provided cultural references and influences for human societies and cultures since time immemorial. Such cultural influences can be found in language, lunar calendar systems, art, and mythology.", "Q838037": "Domokos B\u00f6l\u00f6ni (Daia, August 11, 1946) is a Romanian Magyar writer and journalist.After studying in T\u00e2rn\u0103veni, he studied the Romanian Hungarian language in T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f. He has worked as a teacher in Corund and as a journalist for N\u00e9p\u00fajs\u00e1g. He is married and has three children and three grandchildren.", "Q1141825": "Nicholas Joseph Zinner (born December 8, 1974) is the guitarist for the New York rock band Yeah Yeah Yeahs and a producer. Zinner is an accomplished photographer.\n\n", "Q315011": "Mehdi Karroubi (Persian: \u0645\u0647\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u200e, romanized: Mehdi Karrubi, born 26 September 1937) is an Iranian Shia cleric and reformist politician leading the National Trust Party. Following 2009\u20132010 Iranian election protests, Karroubi was put under house arrest in February 2011 \u2013 reportedly ordered by the Supreme Leader of Iran \u2013 without officially being charged, although he is accused of being a \"seditionist\" and \"traitor\". As of 2018, he is still confined to his house.He was the speaker of the parliament from 1989 to 1992 and 2000 to 2004, and a presidential candidate in the 2005 and 2009 presidential elections.\nHe has been described as a \"moderate\" with a \"mostly rural\" base of support. Karroubi considers himself a pragmatic reformist and now is one of the leaders of the Iranian Green Movement.He is a founding member and former secretary-general of the Association of Combatant Clerics party. Karroubi is a critic of the Guardian Council and Iran's Judicial System. By appointment of the Supreme Leader, he was a member of the Expediency Discernment Council and an adviser, posts he held until resigning from all his posts on 15 June 2005 after the first round of the 2005 presidential election.", "Q173338": "Cetinje (Montenegrin Cyrillic and Serbian Cyrillic: \u0426\u0435\u0442\u0438\u045a\u0435 [pronounced [ t\u0361s\u011bti\u0272e]]), is a city and Old Royal Capital (Montenegrin: Prijestonica / \u041f\u0440\u0438j\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430) of Montenegro. It is also the historic and the secondary capital of Montenegro, where the official residence of the President of Montenegro is located. According to the 2011 census, the town had a population of 14,093 while the Cetinje municipality had 16,657 residents as of 2011.Cetinje is the centre of Cetinje Municipality. The city rests on a small karst plain surrounded by limestone mountains, including Mount Lov\u0107en, the legendary mountain in Montenegrin historiography.\nCetinje was founded in the 15th century and became a center of Montenegrin life and both a cradle of Montenegrin culture and an Orthodox religious center. Its status as the honorary capital of Montenegro is due to its heritage as a long-serving former capital of Montenegro.", "Q750962": "Republic (Faroese: Tj\u00f3\u00f0veldi), formerly known as the Republican Party (Faroese: Tj\u00f3\u00f0veldisflokkurin) is a left-wing political party on the Faroe Islands committed to Faroese independence.", "Q51177": "The Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross) is the principal Franciscan church in Florence, Italy, and a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church. It is situated on the Piazza di Santa Croce, about 800 meters south-east of the Duomo. The site, when first chosen, was in marshland outside the city walls. It is the burial place of some of the most illustrious Italians, such as Michelangelo, Galileo, Machiavelli, the poet Foscolo, the philosopher Gentile and the composer Rossini, thus it is known also as the Temple of the Italian Glories (Tempio dell'Itale Glorie).", "Q728601": "Peter Cooper Hewitt (May 5, 1861 \u2013 August 25, 1921) was an American electrical engineer and inventor, who invented the first mercury-vapor lamp in 1901. Hewitt was issued U.S. Patent 682,692 on September 17, 1901. In 1903, Hewitt created an improved version that possessed higher color qualities which eventually found widespread industrial use.\n\n", "Q49738": "The German Academy of Sciences at Berlin (German: Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin) or AdW, later renamed the Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic (Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR), was the most important research institution of East Germany.\nThe academy was founded in 1946 by the Soviet Military Administration in Germany to continue the long tradition of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Brandenburg Society of Sciences, which had been founded in 1700 by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. To facilitate publishing, the Akademie Verlag was founded also in 1946. The 250th anniversary in 1950 was already boycotted by West Germans due to the influence of the socialist East German authorities, which mainly had East Germans elected to the academy in the decades to follow. It became the most important academy in the German Democratic Republic, and was accordingly renamed 'Academy of Sciences of the GDR' (Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR) in 1972, once the division of Germany was accepted as the state of affairs. In the 1980s, the AdW itself had over 200 members, including two dozen West Germans. It coordinated research at 59 institutes that employed 22,000 persons. Following the fall of the Berlin wall, academy members called for a reform of the academy, rejecting the leading role of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany.\nOn 27 June 1990, the new GDR government reorganized the academy, turning it into a public organisation. Until late 1991, the former AdW institutes were separated from the academy, evaluated, and either dissolved or assigned to different organisations, mainly the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Scientific Community. As the states of Berlin and Brandenburg considered a continuation of the academy as improper due to its role in the GDR, the academy, which had about 400 members, was disbanded and the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (\"Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities\") was founded in 1993. \nOn 15 April 1993, 60 of the former academy members created the private organisation Leibniz-Soziet\u00e4t which claims to represent 300 years of continuous academic tradition. It has now over 300 members, of which most were elected since 1994.\n\n", "Q4567575": "The Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (Norwegian: Norges Tekniske Vitenskapsakademi, NTVA) is a learned society based in Trondheim, Norway.\nFounded in 1955, the academy has about 500 members. It is a member of the International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS) and of the European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering (Euro-CASE).", "Q548159": "John Percival Jones (January 27, 1829 \u2013 November 27, 1912) was an American politician who served for 30 years as a Republican United States Senator from Nevada. He made a fortune in silver mining and was a co-founder of the town of Santa Monica, California.", "Q238197": "Teryl Rothery (born November 9, 1962) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her role as Dr. Janet Fraiser in Stargate SG-1.", "Q584221": "Carl Davis, (born October 28, 1936) is an American-born conductor and composer who has made his home in the United Kingdom since 1961. In 1970 he married the English actress Jean Boht.He has written music for more than 100 television programmes, but is best known for creating music to accompany silent films. He also collaborated with Paul McCartney in the creation of the Liverpool Oratorio. Davis's music is published by Faber Music.", "Q624749": "Chang Dae-whan (also known as Chang Dae-Hwan, born 21 March 1952) is a South Korean businessman. He is best known as the president of the Maeil Business Newspaper, South Korea's main business daily. He is the founder of the World Knowledge Forum. The World Knowledge Forum is the largest forum of its kind in Asia. He also served a brief stint as South Korea's acting prime minister in August 2002 under president Kim Dae-jung, but the National Assembly voted not to confirm him.", "Q381664": "Vincent Regan (born 16 May 1965) is a British film and television actor, best known for his roles in 300, Troy, Unleashed, Clash of the Titans and Lockout.", "Q82449": "William Paulding Jr. (March 7, 1770 \u2013 February 11, 1854) was a United States Representative from New York and the 56th and 58th Mayor of New York City. He was the Adjutant General of New York for two non-consecutive terms.\n\n", "Q313306": "Louis Jude Ferrigno Sr. (; born November 9, 1951) is an American actor, fitness trainer, fitness consultant and retired professional bodybuilder. As a bodybuilder, Ferrigno won an IFBB Mr. America title and two consecutive IFBB Mr. Universe titles, and appeared in the bodybuilding documentary Pumping Iron. As an actor, he is best known for his title role in the CBS television series The Incredible Hulk and vocally reprising the role in subsequent animated and computer-generated incarnations. He has also appeared in European-produced fantasy-adventures such as Sinbad of the Seven Seas and Hercules, and as himself in the sitcom The King of Queens and the 2009 comedy I Love You, Man.\n\n", "Q174331": "Kilom\u00e8tre z\u00e9ro (Sorani Kurdish: \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u06c6\u0645\u06d5\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0631) is a 2005 film written, produced, and directed by the Kurdish director Hiner Saleem. Kilometre Zero is the first Iraqi film chosen for the official Cannes competition.", "Q5415": "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic is a Canadian-American animated fantasy television series created by Lauren Faust for Hasbro. The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred to by collectors as the fourth generation (also referred to as \u201cG4\u201d) of the franchise. The series premiered on October 10, 2010, on The Hub (which was renamed as Discovery Family in late 2014), and ended on October 12, 2019. Hasbro selected animator Lauren Faust as the creative director and executive producer for the show. Faust sought to challenge the established nature of the existing My Little Pony line, creating more in-depth characters and adventurous settings; she left the series during season 2, to be replaced by Meghan McCarthy as showrunner for the remainder of the series.\nThe show follows a studious anthropomorphic unicorn (later an alicorn) pony named Twilight Sparkle as her mentor, Princess Celestia, guides her to learn about friendship in the town of Ponyville. Twilight and her dragon assistant Spike become close friends with five other ponies: Applejack, Rarity, Fluttershy, Rainbow Dash, and Pinkie Pie. Each of the ponies represent a different facet of friendship, and Twilight discovers herself to be a key part of the magical artifacts known as the \"Elements of Harmony\". The ponies travel on adventures and help others around Equestria while working out problems that arise in their own friendships.\nThe series has become a major commercial success, becoming the highest rated original production in Hub Network's broadcast history and leading to new merchandising opportunities for Hasbro, including books, clothing, collectible trading cards, and comics. Despite the target demographic of young girls, Friendship Is Magic has also gained a large following of older viewers, mainly young and middle-aged men, who call themselves \"bronies\". Portions of the show have become part of the remix culture, and have also formed the basis for a variety of internet memes.\nA feature-length film adaptation directly based on the TV series, titled My Little Pony: The Movie, was theatrically released on October 6, 2017 in the United States. A spin-off franchise, My Little Pony: Equestria Girls, was launched in 2013. The first two films, Equestria Girls and Rainbow Rocks, were shown in limited theatrical screenings prior to television broadcast and home media release.\nA spin-off series, titled My Little Pony: Pony Life, is scheduled to premiere sometime in 2020 on Discovery Family.", "Q1555319": "Angus John \"Gus\" Macdonald, Baron Macdonald of Tradeston, CBE, PC (born 20 August 1940) is a Scottish television executive, life peer and former Labour member of the House of Lords.\n\n", "Q93544": "The Cimitero monumentale di Staglieno is an extensive monumental cemetery located on a hillside in the district of Staglieno of Genoa, Italy, famous for its monumental sculpture. Covering an area of more than a square kilometre, it is one of the largest cemeteries in Europe.\n\n", "Q48340": "CNN (Cable News Network) is an American news-based pay television channel owned by CNN Worldwide, a unit of the WarnerMedia News & Sports division of AT&T's WarnerMedia. CNN was founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner as a 24-hour cable news channel. Upon its launch in 1980, CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and was the first all-news television channel in the United States.While the news channel has numerous affiliates, CNN primarily broadcasts from 30 Hudson Yards in New York City, and studios in Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles. Its headquarters at the CNN Center in Atlanta is only used for weekend programming. CNN is sometimes referred to as CNN/U.S. (or CNN Domestic) to distinguish the U.S. channel from its international sister network, CNN International.\nThe network is known for its dramatic live coverage of breaking news, some of which has drawn criticism as overly sensationalistic, and for its efforts to be nonpartisan, which have led to accusations of false balance.As of September 2018, CNN has 90.1 million television households as subscribers (97.7% of households with cable) in the United States. In 2019, CNN ranked third in viewership among cable news networks, behind rivals Fox News and MSNBC, averaging 972,000 viewers. CNN ranks 14th among all basic cable networks.Globally, CNN programming airs through CNN International, which can be seen by viewers in over 212 countries and territories.", "Q92882": "Edward Forrest Moore (November 23, 1925 in Baltimore, Maryland \u2013 June 14, 2003 in Madison, Wisconsin) was an American professor of mathematics and computer science, the inventor of the Moore finite state machine, and an early pioneer of artificial life.", "Q142683": "Ruan Ji (Chinese: \u962e\u7c4d; pinyin: Ru\u01cen J\u00ed; Wade\u2013Giles: Juan Chi; 210\u2013263), courtesy name Sizong (Chinese: \u55e3\u5b97; pinyin: S\u00ecz\u014dng), was a Chinese musician and poet who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was one of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove. The guqin melody Jiukuang (\u9152\u72c2 \"Drunken Ecstasy\", or \"Wine Mad\") is believed to have been composed by him.", "Q7202": "Molecular biology is the branch of biology that concerns the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including molecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms and interactions.William Astbury described molecular biology in 1961 in Nature, as:\n\n...not so much a technique as an approach, an approach from the viewpoint of the so-called basic sciences with the leading idea of searching below the large-scale manifestations of classical biology for the corresponding molecular plan. It is concerned particularly with the forms of biological molecules and [...] is predominantly three-dimensional and structural \u2013 which does not mean, however, that it is merely a refinement of morphology. It must at the same time inquire into genesis and function.", "Q951095": "Martin Henry Bashir (born 19 January 1963) is an English journalist and news anchor. He came to prominence on British television with his BBC interview with Diana, Princess of Wales, and then his fly-on-the-wall documentary with pop singer Michael Jackson on ITV. On 4 December 2013, Bashir resigned from his position at MSNBC after he made comments described as \"ill-judged\" about the former Governor of Alaska and Vice Presidential candidate Sarah Palin.Bashir worked for the BBC until 1999 on programmes including Songs of Praise, Public Eye and Panorama and then joined ITV. Bashir was an anchor for ABC's Nightline, a political commentator for MSNBC, hosting Martin Bashir, and a correspondent for NBC's Dateline NBC. Bashir was appointed as BBC News Religious Affairs correspondent from October 2016, taking over the post from Caroline Wyatt.", "Q275929": "Emilia Pardo Baz\u00e1n y de la R\u00faa-Figueroa (16 September 1851 \u2013 12 May 1921), countess of Pardo Baz\u00e1n, was a Spanish novelist, journalist, literary critic, poet, playwright, translator, editor and professor. She is known for introducing naturalism into Spanish literature, for her detailed descriptions of reality, and for her ground-breaking introduction of feminist ideas into the literature of her era. Her ideas about women's rights for education also made her a prominent feminist figure.", "Q724985": "Clifford Charles Holton (29 April 1929 \u2013 31 May 1996) was an English footballer.\nBorn in Oxford, Holton played as a full back for non-league Oxford City as a youth, before joining Arsenal in October 1947 at the age of 18. He spent three seasons in Arsenal's' reserve team, eventually converting to a centre forward, although his progress was restricted in part by National Service. He made his debut against Stoke City on 26 December 1950; initially a bit-part player, he became an established regular in the side in 1951\u201352 and remained there for three seasons. He was in the Arsenal side to reach the FA Cup Final in 1952.\nWith 22 goals (19 of them in the league) he helped Arsenal to a First Division title in 1952\u201353. However, he lost his place in the Arsenal side in 1954\u201355, before returning the following season (1955\u201356), having been converted into a utility man \u2013 playing in defence, midfield or up front. He continued to figure for Arsenal for another three seasons and on 6 October 1956, he scored four goals in a home match against Manchester City, becoming the first player since Jack Lambert to score more than three in a game at Highbury. In all he scored 88 goals in 217 matches for Arsenal. Although he was often tipped for an England place, he never won a cap for his country.\nHolton was sold to Watford in October 1958 for \u00a39,000, a somewhat surprising move, considering Watford were in the newly formed Fourth Division at the time. Holton spent three seasons with the Hornets, mostly at centre forward. He formed a successful partnership with Dennis Uphill, scoring a club record 48 goals in 1959\u201360, which also saw the club promoted to the Third Division. Holton was then controversially sold to Northampton Town in 1961 where he scored a club record 36 goals in 1961\u201362, thus achieving the rare feat of holding the all-time goals in a season record at two different clubs.\nHolton went on to play for Crystal Palace, signing in December 1962 and was part of the Palace side which achieved promotion to the second tier in 1964, with 43 appearances that season scoring 20 goals. He then signed for Watford (for a second time) on 6 May 1965, before moving on to Charlton Athletic (in a deal which saw Stewart Scullion move in the opposite direction) and subsequently Leyton Orient. He finally retired in 1968, due in part to a knee injury, and left the game completely to take up a career in engineering. He died suddenly while on holiday in 1996, at the age of 67.", "Q25190": "Jean Poldo d\u2019Albenas, King's Counsel in N\u00eemes (France), born in this city in 1512, died in 1563, contributed to the spread of Calvinism in his hometown. He has published in French, among other works, a Discours historial de l\u2019antique et illustre cit\u00e9 de Nismes (1557), that appeared difficult to read to his contemporaries, but full of useful research for historians. He was also a lawyer at the Parliament of Toulouse.", "Q53006": "Pietro Germi (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8pj\u025b\u02d0tro \u02c8d\u0292\u025brmi]; 14 September 1914 \u2013 5 December 1974) was an Italian actor, screenwriter, and director. Germi was born in Genoa, Liguria, to a lower-middle-class family. He briefly attended nautical school before deciding on a career in acting.", "Q791858": "Axalp is a high alpine pasture in the Bernese Oberland, on the northern slope of Axalphorn, overlooking Lake Brienz, today part of Brienz municipality.\nAxalp was historically the name of the high pastures (alps), on the northern slopes of the Axalpburg, Tschingel and Axalphorn peaks, between c. 1500 m and 1900 m (46.712\u00b0N 8.046\u00b0E\ufeff / 46.712; 8.046).\nAxalp was developed as a tourist resort since the late 19th century, and as a ski resort since the 1960s.\nIn the later 20th century, the name of the pasture has been transferred to the ski resort, including the infrastructure, hotels and chalets built up below Axalp proper, between 1400 m and 1500 m.", "Q213474": "Aylesbury ( AYLZ-b\u0259r-ee) is the county town of Buckinghamshire, England. It is a large ancient market town with several historic pubs, is home to the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery and, since 2010, the 1,200 seat Waterside Theatre. The town is recognized as the spiritual cradle of the Paralympic Games. It is situated in central Buckinghamshire, midway between High Wycombe and Milton Keynes.", "Q317160": "Thomas Penson De Quincey (; 15 August 1785 \u2013 8 December 1859) was an English essayist, best known for his Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (1821). Many scholars suggest that in publishing this work De Quincey inaugurated the tradition of addiction literature in the West.", "Q129022": "Charles-Jean-Fran\u00e7ois H\u00e9nault (8 February 1685 \u2013 24 November 1770) was a French writer and historian.", "Q4391090": "Ural Murtazovich Rakhimov (Russian: \u0423\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043b \u041c\u0443\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432; Bashkir: \u0420\u04d9\u0445\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0423\u0440\u0430\u043b \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0443\u043b\u044b, R\u00e4ximov Ural Mortaza ul\u0131) (born December 13, 1961) is a Russian businessman of Bashkir ethnicity. Rakhimov is the 191st richest man in Russia with a net worth of US$500 million as of 2011.", "Q443030": "Hermione Youlanda Ruby Clinton-Baddeley (13 November 1906 \u2013 19 August 1986) was an English character actress of theatre, film and television. She typically played brash, vulgar characters, often referred to as \"brassy\" or \"blowsy\". She found her milieu in revue, in which she played from the 1930s to the 1950s, co-starring several times with Hermione Gingold.\nBaddeley was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Room at the Top (1959) and a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play for The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore in 1963. She portrayed Ellen the maid in the 1964 Disney film Mary Poppins. She voiced Madame Adelaide Bonfamille in the 1970 Disney animated film, The Aristocats. In 1975 she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Television Series for her portrayal of Nell Naugatuck on the TV series Maude.", "Q642382": "George Brown (November 29, 1818 \u2013 May 9, 1880) was a Scottish-Canadian journalist, politician and one of the Fathers of Confederation; attended the Charlottetown (September 1864) and Quebec (October 1864) conferences. A noted Reform politician, he is best known as the founder and editor of the Toronto Globe, Canada's most influential newspaper at the time. He was an articulate champion of the grievances and anger of Upper Canada (Ontario). He played a major role in securing national unity. His career in active politics faltered after 1865, but he remained a powerful spokesman for the Liberal Party promoting westward expansion and opposing the policies of Conservative Prime Minister John A. Macdonald.", "Q270879": "\u00c5ke Edwardson (born 10 March 1953 in Eksj\u00f6, Sm\u00e5land) is a Swedish author of detective fiction, and was previously a lecturer in journalism at Gothenburg University, the city where many of his Inspector Winter novels are set. Edwardson has had many jobs, including as a journalist and press officer for the United Nations and his crime novels have made him a three-time winner of the Swedish Crime Writers' Academy Award for best crime novel. His first novel to be translated into English, in 2005, was Sun and Shadow. The second, Never End, followed in 2006.", "Q66095": "Oltingen is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q104826": "Alexa von Porembsky (June 5, 1906 - August 18, 1981) was a Hungarian-born German actress.", "Q16572": "Guangzhou (; Chinese: \u5e7f\u5dde, Cantonese pronunciation: [k\u02b7\u0254\u030c\u02d0\u014b.ts\u0250\u0302u] or [k\u02b7\u0254\u030c\u02d0\u014b.ts\u0250\u0301u] (listen); Mandarin pronunciation: [kw\u00e0\u014b.\u0288\u0282\u00f3u] (listen)), also known as Canton and formerly romanized as Kwangchow, is the capital and most populous city of the province of Guangdong in southern China. On the Pearl River about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong and 145 km (90 mi) north of Macau, Guangzhou has a history of over 2,200 years and was a major terminus of the maritime Silk Road, and continues to serve as a major port and transportation hub, as well as one of China's three largest cities.Guangzhou is at the heart of the most-populous built-up metropolitan area in mainland China, which extends into the neighboring cities of Foshan, Dongguan, Zhongshan and Shenzhen, forming one of the largest urban agglomerations on Earth, the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone. Administratively, the city holds sub-provincial status and is one of China's nine National Central Cities. At the end of 2018, the population of the city's expansive administrative area was estimated at 14,904,400 by city authorities, up 3.8% from the previous year. Guangzhou is ranked as an Alpha global city. There is a rapidly increasing number of foreign temporary residents and immigrants from Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Africa. This has led to it being dubbed the \"Capital of the Third World\".The domestic migrant population from other provinces of China in Guangzhou was 40% of the city's total population in 2008. Together with Shanghai, Beijing and Shenzhen, Guangzhou has one of the most expensive real estate markets in China. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, nationals of sub-Saharan Africa who had initially settled in the Middle East and other parts of Southeast Asia moved in unprecedented numbers to Guangzhou in response to the 1997/98 Asian financial crisis.Long the only Chinese port accessible to most foreign traders, Guangzhou fell to the British during the First Opium War. No longer enjoying a monopoly after the war, it lost trade to other ports such as Hong Kong and Shanghai, but continued to serve as a major entrep\u00f4t. In modern commerce, Guangzhou is best known for its annual Canton Fair, the oldest and largest trade fair in China. For three consecutive years (2013\u20132015), Forbes ranked Guangzhou as the best commercial city in mainland China.", "Q48368": "Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn Fern\u00e1ndez de Lizardi (November 15, 1776 \u2013 June 21, 1827), Mexican writer and political journalist, best known as the author of El Periquillo Sarniento (1816), translated as The Mangy Parrot in English, reputed to be the first novel written in Latin America.", "Q61922": "Gustav Radbruch (21 November 1878 \u2013 23 November 1949) was a German legal scholar and politician. He served as Minister of Justice of Germany during the early Weimar period. Radbruch is also regarded as one of the most influential legal philosophers of the 20th century.\n\n", "Q77198": "Mato Kosyk (June 18, 1853 \u2013 November 22, 1940) was a Sorbian poet and minister. He was born in Werben, Prussia, emigrated from Lower Lusatia to the United States, and died at his rural home near Albion, Oklahoma.", "Q94203": "Minna Lachs (born as Minna Schiffmann; 1907\u20131993) was an Austrian educator and memoirist. She was born in Terebovlia, then Trembowla in what was then referred to as the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. The events of World War I led them to leave for Vienna. Her father wished to distance himself from his Orthodox Judaism upbringing, but she initially felt a need to more strongly assert a Jewish identity. As part of that she joined a Zionist youth organization which ultimately led to an interest in Socialism and to meeting her husband. She went on to graduate from the University of Vienna with a thesis on Karl Emil Franzos. She fled Austria for Switzerland due to the Anschluss. Her memoir concerning the period was titled Warum schaust du zurueck. She returned to Vienna after the war. She was cremated at Feuerhalle Simmering, where also her ashes are buried. A park in Vienna is named for her.", "Q830325": "Horror punk (also known as Horror rock) is a music genre that mixes proto-gothic and punk rock sounds with morbid and violent imagery and lyrics which are often influenced by horror films and science fiction B-movies. The genre is similar to and sometimes overlaps with deathrock, although deathrock leans more towards an atmospheric gothic rock sound while horror punk leans towards a 1950s-influenced doo-wop and rockabilly sound. Horror punk music is typically more aggressive and melodic than deathrock.\nThe Misfits and their first lead vocalist Glenn Danzig are recognized as the progenitors of horror punk. Bands like The Undead (founded by ex-Misfits guitarist Bobby Steele), Screaming Dead, The Damned, The Cramps, T.S.O.L, 45 Grave and Rosemary's Babies are also considered old school horror punk bands. The two compilations \"This is Horror Punk\" (Fiend Force Records) made the genre-name popular and introduced a new wave of bands like Blitzkid, The Other, Calabrese and Nim Vind among others to a growing audience.\nHorror punk is generally apolitical in comparison to other punk rock subgenres, although some songs do refer to political events (e.g. the Misfits' \"Bullet\" which discusses the assassination of John F. Kennedy) and some artists like Jack Grisham (on the left) and Michale Graves (on the right) have espoused their own political views.\nHorror hardcore refers to a hybrid of horror punk and hardcore punk. The Misfits' 1983 album Earth A.D. inaugurated this style and the bands Septic Death, The Banner and Integrity have also been categorized into this sub-genre.", "Q55607972": "Eva Hamlin Miller (b. 1911 in Brooklyn, New York - 1991) was an artist from Greensboro, North Carolina. She grew up in New York City and studied at the Pratt Institute, Columbia University, the Graduate School of Fine Art in Florence and the University of Ibadan in Nigeria before moving to North Carolina. \nShe became the first art instructor at Bennett College in 1937, and went on to have a long career as an educator, holding positions at the Tuskegee Institute, Winston-Salem State University, and North Carolina A&T State University, as well as the Greensboro city schools.Along with former student and Greensboro politician Alma Adams, Miller helped cofound the African American Atelier in 1990. She served as its curator until her death in 1991.", "Q90065": "Hubert Rohde (28 February 1929 in Hildesheim\u201317 February 2019) was a German politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union.", "Q286889": "Fiera di Primiero (German: Prim\u00f6r) was a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Trento. It was merged with Siror, Tonadico and Transacqua on January 1, 2016, to form a new municipality, Primiero San Martino di Castrozza.With an area of 0.15 square kilometres (0.058 sq mi), Fiera di Primiero was one of the smallest municipalities in land area in Italy.", "Q44552": "Maaya Uchida (\u5185\u7530 \u771f\u793c, Uchida M\u0101ya, born December 27, 1989) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer who works for I'm Enterprise. She won the Best New Actress Award at the 8th Seiyu Awards. She debuted as a singer under Pony Canyon with the song Soushou no Innocence, which is produced by Tomita Akihiro. She played Unofficial Sentai Akibaranger with the role of Hakase Hiroyo.", "Q75957": "Jens Ackermann (born 2 July 1975 in Magdeburg) is a German politician and member of the FDP in the Bundestag.", "Q64682": "Pratval is a former municipality in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged to form the new municipality of Domleschg.", "Q171261": "Manuela Ruiz Penella (2 March 1931 \u2013 27 August 2007) better known as Emma Penella was a Spanish film and television actress.Emma Penella was the sister of Julia Ruiz Penella and Spanish actresses Elisa Mont\u00e9s and Terele P\u00e1vez, and the granddaughter of composer Manuel Penella. She was also married to producer Emiliano Piedra. She was born and died in Madrid.\nShe died on 27 August 2007 at aged 76 by a sepsis caused due to her diabetes.", "Q300434": "Le Bonheur de Pierre is a 2009 Canadian-French comedy-drama directed by Robert M\u00e9nard. \nIt was entered into several film festivals including the Rhode Island International Film Festival. Moreover, it was chosen Best Foreign Film at the New York Independent Film Festival in 2009.\nThe film is also known as A Happy Man.", "Q296442": "Mar\u00eda Neus Asensio i Li\u00f1\u00e1n known as Neus Asensi (Barcelona, 4 August 1965) is a Spanish actress.\nShe had a very complete training to become an actress. She studied classic dance for 5 years and jazz-dance. She studied drama in the centre \"La Casona\" and one speech therapy course.\nShe has a feature role in the Spanish TV comedy Los hombres de Paco.", "Q121456": "Giacomo Furia (2 January 1925 \u2013 5 June 2015) was an Italian film, television and stage actor. He appeared in more than 130 films between 1948 and 1998.", "Q369482": "Aziz Ismail Ansari (; born February 23, 1983) is an American actor, writer, producer, director, and comedian. He is known for his role as Tom Haverford on the NBC series Parks and Recreation (2009\u20132015), and as creator and star of the Netflix series Master of None (2015\u20132017) for which he won several acting and writing awards, including two Emmys and a Golden Globe for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy. With his Golden Globe win, Ansari became the first actor of Asian descent to win a Golden Globe for acting in television.Ansari began his career performing stand-up comedy in New York City in mid-2000 while attending New York University. In 2007, he created and starred in the MTV sketch comedy show Human Giant, which ran for two seasons. This led to acting roles in feature films, including Funny People; I Love You, Man; Observe and Report; and 30 Minutes or Less. He has provided voice work in Ice Age: Continental Drift and Epic.\nAs a stand-up comedian, Ansari released his debut comedy special, Intimate Moments for a Sensual Evening, in January 2010 on Comedy Central Records, and tours nationally between acting commitments. In 2010 and 2011, he performed his Dangerously Delicious tour, which was self-released for download on his website in March 2012 and debuted on Comedy Central in May 2012. He completed his third major tour, Buried Alive, in the summer of 2013. His fourth comedy special, Live at Madison Square Garden, was released on Netflix in 2015. His first book, Modern Romance: An Investigation, was released in June 2015. He was included in the Time 100 list of most influential people in 2016. In January 2018, Ansari was accused of sexual misconduct by a woman who he had brought on a date, which led to his receding from the public eye.", "Q86607": "Josef Allram (Schrems, November 22, 1860- M\u00f6dling, December 29, 1941) was an Austrian writer and teacher. \nHe studied Education Sciences.", "Q156806": "Konstantinos G. Karamanlis (Greek: \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393. \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2, pronounced [konsta\u02c8dinos karaman\u02c8lis]; Proti, 8 March 1907 \u2013 Athens, 23 April 1998), commonly anglicised to Constantine Karamanlis or just Caramanlis, was a four-time Prime Minister and twice President of the Third Hellenic Republic, and a towering figure of Greek politics, whose political career spanned much of the latter half of the 20th century.The longest serving Prime Minister of modern Greek history (c. 14 years), he is recognised for his successful restoration of Democracy after the Greek military junta and by establishing the Third Hellenic Republic. A devoted pro-Europeanist, he is credited also for the country's accession to the European Communities. In 1978 he was awarded the Charlemagne Prize.\nHis supporters still laud him as the charismatic Ethnarches (National Leader).\n\n", "Q2388897": "Saint Peter's School (Russian: \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0443\u043b\u0435, German: Sankt-Petri-Schule), often referred to as Petrischule (the German transliteration of its Russian name) is a secondary school in St. Petersburg. It is one of the oldest educational institutions in Russia, having been founded in 1709.", "Q3125258": "The Walter A. Haas School of Business, also known as the Haas School of Business or Berkeley Haas, is the business school of the University of California, Berkeley.\nThe school is housed in four buildings surrounding a central courtyard on the southeastern corner of the UC Berkeley campus. It was the United States' first business school at a public university and is ranked as a global top-10 business school by The Economist, Financial Times, QS World University Rankings, U.S. News & World Report, and Bloomberg Businessweek. Berkeley Haas is ranked as a leading worldwide business school for entrepreneurship, technology innovation, and finance; and is among the top five most selective business schools worldwide.", "Q177610": "Count P\u00e1l J\u00e1nos Ede Teleki de Sz\u00e9k (1 November 1879 \u2013 3 April 1941) was a Hungarian politician who served as prime minister of the Kingdom of Hungary from 19 July 1920 to 14 April 1921 and from 16 February 1939 to 3 April 1941. He was also a famous expert in geography, a university professor, a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and Chief Scout of the Hungarian Scout Association. He descended from a noble family from Als\u00f3telek in Transylvania.\nHe is a controversial figure in Hungarian history because as Prime Minister he tried to preserve Hungarian autonomy under difficult political circumstances, but also proposed and enacted far-reaching anti-Jewish laws.", "Q803937": "Birgit Tengroth (13 July 1915 \u2013 21 September 1983) was a Swedish film actress. She appeared in 46 films between 1926 and 1950.", "Q4168499": "Smithsonian Folkways is the nonprofit record label of the Smithsonian Institution. It is a part of the Smithsonian's Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, located at Capital Gallery in downtown Washington, D.C. The label was founded in 1987 after the family of Moses Asch, founder of Folkways Records, donated the entire Folkways Records label to the Smithsonian. The donation was made on the condition that the Institution continue Asch's policy that each of the more than 2,000 albums of Folkways Records remain in print forever, regardless of sales. Since then, the label has expanded on Asch's vision of documenting the sounds of the world, adding six other record labels to the collection, as well as releasing over 300 new recordings. Some well-known artists have contributed to the Smithsonian Folkways collection, including Pete Seeger, Ella Jenkins, Woody Guthrie, and Lead Belly. Famous songs include \"This Land Is Your Land\", \"Goodnight, Irene\", and \"Midnight Special.\" Due to the unique nature of its recordings, which include an extensive collection of traditional American music, children's music, and international music, Smithsonian Folkways has become an important collection to the musical community, especially to ethnomusicologists, who utilize the recordings of \"people's music\" from all over the world.", "Q289204": "Lost Highway is a 1997 neo-noir film directed by David Lynch and co-written by Lynch and Barry Gifford. It stars Bill Pullman, Patricia Arquette, Balthazar Getty, and Robert Blake. The film follows a musician (Pullman) who begins receiving mysterious VHS tapes of him and his wife (Arquette) in their home, and who is suddenly convicted of murder, after which he inexplicably disappears and is replaced by a young mechanic (Getty) leading a different life.\nLost Highway was financed by the French production company Ciby 2000 and was largely shot in Los Angeles, where Lynch collaborated with frequent producer Mary Sweeney and cinematographer Peter Deming. Lynch has described the film as a \"psychogenic fugue\" rather than a conventionally logical story, while the film's surreal narrative structure has been likened to a M\u00f6bius strip. The film's soundtrack, which was produced by Trent Reznor, features an original score by Angelo Badalamenti and Barry Adamson, as well as contributions from artists including David Bowie, Marilyn Manson, Rammstein, Nine Inch Nails and The Smashing Pumpkins.\nUpon release, Lost Highway received mixed reviews and grossed $3.7 million in North America after a modest three-week run. Most critics initially dismissed the film as incoherent, but it has since attracted a cult following and critical praise, as well as scholarly interest. Lost Highway is the first of three Lynch films set in Los Angeles, followed by Mulholland Drive in 2001 and Inland Empire in 2006. In 2003, the film was adapted as an opera by the Austrian composer Olga Neuwirth.", "Q1123736": "Tam\u00e1s K\u00e1tai is a Hungarian avant-garde musician and professional photographer. He is most notable for being in the avant-garde post-black metal group Thy Catafalque. He has been in a number of different bands and has also done numerous solo material.\n\n", "Q242613": "Jane Jensen (born Jane Elizabeth Smith; January 28, 1963 in Palmerton, Pennsylvania) is an American video game designer and author. She is mostly known as the creator of the Gabriel Knight series of adventure games, and also co-founded Oberon Media and Pinkerton Road video game development companies. Jensen also writes under the name Eli Easton.", "Q121330": "St\u00e9phane Rossini (born 9 August 1963 in Sion, Switzerland) is a Swiss politician and the former vice President of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (2008\u20132012).Rossini sat on the Grand Council of Valais between 1993 and 1999. He was elected to the National Council for the first time in 1999 and reelected in 2003, 2007 and 2011.In 2011, Rossini announced his candidacy to replace Micheline Calmy-Rey in the Swiss Federal Council, but was ultimately not nominated by his party.In 2014, Rossini was elected as President of the National Council. Towards the end of his one-year term as President, Rossini announced he would not seek another term in the National Council. In 2016, Rossini considered running for the Conseil d'\u00c9tat of the canton of Valais but ultimately decided against it.Rossini studied political science at the University of Lausanne and obtained a doctor's degree in 1995. He is a professor at the Universities of Geneva and Neuch\u00e2tel and was elected to succeed Christine Beerli as president of the agency council of Swissmedic in 2017.\n\n", "Q742396": "Arthur \"Blind\" Blake (1896 \u2013 December 1, 1934) was an American blues and ragtime singer and guitarist. He is known for numerous recordings he made for Paramount Records between 1926 and 1932.", "Q73498": "Ludwig Georg Heinrich Heck, called Lutz Heck (23 April 1892 in Berlin, German Empire \u2013 6 April 1983 in Wiesbaden, West Germany) was a German zoologist, animal researcher, animal book author and director of the Berlin Zoological Garden where he succeeded his father in 1932. A member of the Nazi party from 1937, he was a close hunting friend of Hermann G\u00f6ring, and worked under him. One of his projects was the reconstruction of extinct animals such as the aurochs through cross-breeding of various modern breeds which he thought had parts of the original genetic heritage. Heck cattle and Heck horses are named for the resulting animal breeds.", "Q106957": "Giovanna Ralli (born 2 January 1935) is an Italian stage, film and television actress.", "Q485665": "The Progress Party (Bokm\u00e5l: Fremskrittspartiet, Nynorsk: Framstegspartiet, commonly abbreviated as FrP) is a libertarian right-wing political party in Norway. The party values are focused on civil liberties, individualism, and limited government. It is the country's third largest political party, with 26 representatives in the Norwegian Storting. The party was a partner in Norway's centre-right government coalition from 2013 until they withdrew from the government in January 2020. Its leader, Siv Jensen, served as Norway's Minister of Finance in the government.Its policies support market liberalism, law and order, and downsizing the bureaucracy and the public sector. The Progress Party self-identifies as an economic liberal party which competes with the socialist left to represent the workers of Norway. The party advocates increased spending of Norway's Oil Fund on investments in infrastructure and aims to eliminate the existing budgetary rules which set a limit on such spending. The party has officially opposed Norwegian membership in the European Union since 2016, after having been neutral on the issue before. It is sometimes controversially described as populist.The party seeks a more restrictive immigration policy and improved integration. It is sometimes described as \"anti-immigration\", although the party supports migration of labor from the EU through EEC as well as fulfillment of Norway's obligations to receive refugees through Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. The program of the party considers humanitarian action abroad to be preferable, when possible, to receiving refugees from affected areas.The party was founded by Anders Lange in 1973 as an anti-tax protest movement. Its development was greatly influenced by Carl I. Hagen, the party's long-standing leader between 1978 and 2006. Despite the electoral success, the party was initially isolated in the Norwegian Parliament. This situation gradually changed, and after the 2013 parliamentary election, the party concluded a government coalition agreement with the Conservative Party. It held seven out of the nineteen ministerial posts in the Norwegian government until withdrawing in January 2020.", "Q1974762": "Victor Ivanovich Grigorovich, (Russian: \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447) was a Russian Slavist, folklorist, literary critic, historian and journalist, one of the originators of Slavic studies in the Russian empire.", "Q171507": "Francisco \"Chico\" Serra (born 3 February 1957 in S\u00e3o Paulo) is a racing driver from Brazil. He won the 1979 British Formula 3 Championship. He participated in 33 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix for Fittipaldi and Arrows, debuting on 15 March 1981. He made 18 starts, not qualifying for the remaining fifteen races, although he ought to have started as the reserve in the 1982 Swiss Grand Prix. However, Ferrari withdrew Patrick Tambay's entry so late that Serra was not allowed to take part. Serra scored one championship point, for finishing sixth in the 1982 Belgian Grand Prix. After qualifying for the 1982 Canadian Grand Prix, Serra and countryman Raul Boesel had a short scuffle. Serra was furious at Boesel for blocking his last flying lap after waving Keke Rosberg by. Boesel denied that this was intentional. Serra made one CART Champ Car start in 1985 at the Portland International Raceway for Ensign Racing but suffered an engine failure.Serra has participated in Brazilian stock car racing since the 1980s and was series champion in 1999, 2000 and 2001. He is the father of racing driver Daniel Serra.", "Q80510": "Alla Borisovna Pugacheva (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0451\u0432\u0430; sometimes transcribed in English as Pugachova, Russian pronunciation: [p\u028a\u0261\u0250\u02c8t\u0255\u0275v\u0259]; born 15 April 1949), is \u0430 Soviet and Russian musical performer. Her career started in 1965 and continues to this day, even though she does not give live performances anymore. For her \"clear mezzo-soprano and a full display of sincere emotions\", she enjoys an iconic status across the former Soviet Union as the most successful Soviet performer in terms of record sales and popularity.Her repertoire includes over 500 songs in Russian, English, German, French, Hebrew, Finnish, Ukrainian, and the discography has more than 100 Vinyl, CDs and DVDs. In addition to Russia and the former Soviet Union, Pugacheva's albums were published in Japan, Korea, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria. Pugacheva has sold more than 250 million records.She became a People's Artist of the USSR in 1991. Laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation (1995). Chevalier of the Order \"For Merit to the Fatherland\" II, III and IV degrees. She represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997.", "Q1964571": "Nanette Guilford (17 August 1903, New York \u2013 17 March 1990, New York), born Nanette Gutman, was an American opera singer (soprano), voice teacher and recording entrepreneur. She is best known for singing at the Metropolitan Opera House from 1923 to 1932 and as one of the first American singers to establish operatic career without studying in Europe. She produced music for the Girls Scouts of America.", "Q722462": "David Joel Horowitz (born January 10, 1939) is an American conservative writer. He is a founder and president of the think tank the David Horowitz Freedom Center (DHFC); editor of the Center's publication, FrontPage Magazine; and director of Discover the Networks, a website that tracks individuals and groups on the political left. Horowitz also founded the organization Students for Academic Freedom.\nHorowitz wrote several books with author Peter Collier, including four on prominent 20th-century American political families that had members elected to the presidency. He and Collier have collaborated on books about cultural criticism. Horowitz worked as a columnist for Salon. Its then-editor Joan Walsh described him as a \"conservative provocateur\".From 1956 to 1975, Horowitz was an outspoken adherent of the New Left. He later rejected progressive and Marxist ideas and became a defender of conservativism. Horowitz recounted his ideological journey in a series of retrospective books, culminating with his 1996 memoir Radical Son: A Generational Odyssey.\nThe Southern Poverty Law Center describes Horowitz as \"a driving force of the anti-Muslim, anti-immigrant and anti-black movements\".", "Q60382": "Princess Viktoria of Prussia (Friederike Amalia Wilhelmine Viktoria) (12 April 1866 \u2013 13 November 1929) was the second daughter of Frederick III, German Emperor and his wife Victoria, Princess Royal, a daughter of Queen Victoria. To the public she was always Princess Viktoria, and in the family she was called Moretta or Young Vicky.", "Q123527": "Claudia Schm\u00f6lders, also Claudia Henn-Schm\u00f6lders (born 25 October 1944 in Heidelberg) is a cultural scholar, author, and translator.", "Q1316721": "Lychakiv Cemetery (Ukrainian: \u041b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440, romanized: Lychakivs\u2019kyi tsvyntar; Polish: Cmentarz \u0141yczakowski we Lwowie), officially State History and Culture Museum-Preserve \"Lychakiv Cemetery\" (Ukrainian: \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u00ab\u041b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0301\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0432\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u00bb), is a historic cemetery in Lviv, Ukraine.\n\n", "Q256666": "Sean Christopher Stone (born December 29, 1984) is an American actor, film director, producer, cinematographer, screenwriter, and TV host. He is the son of Elizabeth Burkit Cox and film director Oliver Stone. He converted to Islam in 2012.With Tyrel Ventura and Tabetha Wallace, he hosts the television show Watching the Hawks on RT America.", "Q793901": "Mikael Jalving (born 1 October 1968) is a Danish journalist, historian, author and political commentator. Jalving worked as a commentator for Berlingske Tidende and wrote as the newspaper's most widely read blogger, until 2009 when he was hired by Jyllands-Posten. He has a Ph.D. in history from the European University Institute in Florence.Jalving has described himself as politically being national-liberal, social conservative, and more right-wing than all parties represented in the Folketing. He caught attention in Sweden in 2011 for his book Absolut Sverige, which according to Dagens Nyheter describes a land of \"self-righteous Swedes, treacherously lulled into a social democratic dystopia of control and political correctness\". The book was partly a response to a book by Swedish journalist Lena Sundstr\u00f6m that criticised Danish attitudes towards immigration.During the month of July 2014, Jalving hosted a limited daily radio show called Danmarks R\u00f6st (\"Voice of Denmark\", inspired by Cold War-era Voice of America), which aimed to transmit debate to Swedish listeners about subjects perceived to be taboo in Swedish public debate.Jalving was criticised by an Islam researcher at the University of Copenhagen for misinforming about a muslim's replies about 'sharia' in a questioner that did not mention sharia, but rules in the Quran, while sharia are based on other texts.", "Q46423": "James Francis Fitzgerald (March 27, 1926 \u2013 June 4, 2012) was an American businessman and former professional sports owner. He was best known as a former owner of the Milwaukee Bucks and the Golden State Warriors, both NBA teams.", "Q2735887": "L\u00e9on S\u00e9e (23 September 1877 in Lille \u2013 20 March 1960) was a French fencer who competed in the late 19th century and early 20th century.\nHe participated in Fencing at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won the bronze medal in the \u00e9p\u00e9e. He was defeated by fellow French fencer Louis Perr\u00e9e in the semi-final.\nHe also won the bronze medal in the Amateur masters \u00e9p\u00e9e in Paris.", "Q115095": "The Institute of International Law (French: Institut de Droit International) is an organization devoted to the study and development of international law, whose membership comprises the world's leading public international lawyers. The organization is generally considered the most authoritative world academy of international law. It was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1904.", "Q59503": "\u00c0 ma s\u0153ur! is a 2001 French drama film written and directed by Catherine Breillat, and starring Ana\u00efs Reboux and Roxane Mesquida. It was released in some English-speaking countries under the alternative titles For My Sister, Fat Girl and Story of a Whale.\n\n", "Q10665": "Kim Jong-il (officially transcribed Kim Jong Il; Korean: \uae40\uc815\uc77c; Korean pronunciation: [kim.dz\u0254\u014b.il]; 16 February 1941 or 1942 \u2013 17 December 2011) was the second leader of North Korea. He ruled from the death of his father, Kim Il-sung, the first leader of North Korea in 1994 until his own death in 2011.\nIn the early 1980s, Kim had become the heir apparent for the leadership of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and assumed important posts in the party and army organs. Kim succeeded his father and DPRK founder Kim Il-sung, following the elder Kim's death in 1994. Kim was the General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), WPK Presidium, Chairman of the National Defence Commission (NDC) of North Korea and the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army (KPA), the fourth-largest standing army in the world.\nKim assumed supreme leadership during a period of catastrophic economic crisis amidst the dissolution of the Soviet Union, on which it was heavily dependent for trade in food and other supplies, which brought a famine. While the famine had ended by the late 1990s, food scarcity continued to be a problem throughout his tenure due in part to the country's mountainous geography unsuited for high-yielding agriculture as well as externally-imposed sanctions due to concerns about the country's human rights situation. Kim strengthened the role of the military by his Songun (\"military-first\") policies, making the army the central organizer of civil society. Kim's rule also saw tentative economic reforms, including the opening of the Kaesong Industrial Park in 2003. In April 2009, North Korea's constitution was amended to refer to him and his successors as the \"supreme leader of the DPRK\". Outside observers have characterized him as a dictator and accused him of human rights violations.\nThe most common colloquial title given to Kim was \"Dear Leader\" to distinguish him from his father Kim Il-sung, the \"Great Leader\". Following Kim's failure to appear at important public events in 2008, foreign observers assumed that Kim had either fallen seriously ill or died. On 19 December 2011, the North Korean government announced that he had died two days earlier, whereupon his third son, Kim Jong-un, was promoted to a senior position in the ruling WPK and succeeded him. After his death, Kim was designated the \"Eternal General Secretary\" of the WPK and the \"Eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission\", in keeping with the tradition of establishing eternal posts for the dead members of the Kim dynasty.", "Q279849": "Sasha Mitchell (born July 27, 1967) is an American actor best known for his television roles as James Beaumont on Dallas and Cody Lambert on Step by Step. Mitchell earned a black belt in taekwondo.", "Q40046": "Jesse Wesley Williams (born August 5, 1981) is an American actor, director, producer and activist. He is best known for his role as Dr. Jackson Avery on the ABC series Grey's Anatomy (2009\u2013present). He has appeared in the films The Cabin in the Woods (2012), The Butler (2013) and Band Aid (2017). He provided voice acting and motion capture for Markus in Detroit: Become Human (2018).", "Q4051": "Friedrichshafen (German pronunciation: [f\u0281i\u02d0d\u0281iks\u02c8hafn\u0329]) is a city on the northern shoreline of Lake Constance (the Bodensee) in Southern Germany, near the borders of both Switzerland and Austria. It is the district capital (Kreisstadt) of the Bodensee district in the federal state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. Friedrichshafen has a population of about 58,000.", "Q58609": "Franz M\u00fcntefering (German: [\u02c8m\u028fnt\u0259\u02ccfe\u02d0\u0281\u026a\u014b] (listen); born 16 January 1940) is a German politician and industrial manager. He was Chairman of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) from 2004 to 2005 and again from 18 October 2008 to 13 November 2009. He served as Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, as well as Vice-Chancellor, from 2005 to 2007.", "Q876402": "The New Azerbaijan Party (Azerbaijani: Yeni Az\u0259rbaycan Partiyas\u0131, YAP) is the ruling political party in Azerbaijan, founded on November 21, 1992 under leadership of Heydar Aliyev. After his election as President of Azerbaijan on October 3, 1993, and party's victory at 1995 parliamentary elections, YAP became a ruling party. President Ilham Aliyev has been Chairman of YAP since its 3rd Congress held on March 26, 2005.\nYAP is a member of the International Conference of Asian Political Parties (ICAPP) and an Observer member of the Centrist Democrat International.", "Q455120": "Ruy Castro (born 26 February 1948, in Caratinga) is a Brazilian author and journalist. In 1996 he was a co-winner of the Pr\u00eamio Jabuti. He is known for his writings concerning Bossa nova and for his biographies, profiling figures such as Garrincha, Nelson Rodrigues and Carmen Miranda.\n\n", "Q133720": "Edwin Frank Duchin (April 1, 1909 \u2013 February 9, 1951) was an American jazz pianist and bandleader during the 1930s and 1940s.", "Q211539": "Peter Albert David Singer (born 6 July 1946) is an Australian moral philosopher. He is the Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, and a Laureate Professor at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at the University of Melbourne. He specialises in applied ethics and approaches ethical issues from a secular, utilitarian perspective. He is known in particular for his book Animal Liberation (1975), in which he argues in favour of veganism, and his essay \"Famine, Affluence, and Morality\", in which he argues in favour of donating to help the global poor. For most of his career, he was a preference utilitarian, but he stated in The Point of View of the Universe (2014), coauthored with Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek, that he had become a hedonistic utilitarian.\nOn two occasions, Singer served as chair of the philosophy department at Monash University, where he founded its Centre for Human Bioethics. In 1996 he stood unsuccessfully as a Greens candidate for the Australian Senate. In 2004 Singer was recognised as the Australian Humanist of the Year by the Council of Australian Humanist Societies. In 2005, the Sydney Morning Herald placed him among Australia's ten most influential public intellectuals. Singer is a cofounder of Animals Australia and the founder of The Life You Can Save.\n\n", "Q123533": "Dietrich M\u00f6ller (born 3 November 1937 in Dortmund) is a German politician, member of the Landtag of Hesse (CDU) and former mayor of Marburg.\nM\u00f6ller was the chairman of VfB Marburg from 2005 until 2013.\n\n", "Q445333": "Leatrice Joy (born Leatrice Johanna Zeidler, November 7, 1893 \u2013 May 13, 1985) was an American actress most prolific during the silent film era.", "Q19133": "The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 1711 \u2013 7 February 1799) was the sixth Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigned from 1735 to 1796. Born Hongli, the fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from 11 October 1735 to 8 February 1796. On 8 February, he abdicated in favour of his son, the Jiaqing Emperor\u2014a filial act in order not to reign longer than his grandfather, the illustrious Kangxi Emperor. Despite his retirement, however, he retained ultimate power as the Retired Emperor until his death in 1799; he thus was one of the longest-reigning de facto rulers in the history of the world, and dying at the age of 87, one of the longest-lived. As a capable and cultured ruler inheriting a thriving empire, during his long reign the Qing Empire reached its most splendid and prosperous era, boasting a large population and economy. As a military leader, he led military campaigns expanding the dynastic territory to the largest extent by conquering and sometimes destroying Central Asian kingdoms. This turned around in his late years: the Qing empire began to decline with corruption and wastefulness in his court and a stagnating civil society.\nA British valet who accompanied his diplomat master to the Qing court in 1793 described the emperor:\n\nThe Emperor is about five feet ten inches in height, and of a slender but elegant form; his complexion is comparatively fair, though his eyes are dark; his nose is rather aquiline, and the whole of his countenance presents a perfect regularity of feature, which, by no means, announce the great age he is said to have attained; his person is attracting, and his deportment accompanied by an affability, which, without lessening the dignity of the prince, evinces the amiable character of the man. His dress consisted of a loose robe of yellow silk, a cap of black velvet with a red ball on the top, and adorned with a peacock's feather, which is the peculiar distinction of mandarins of the first class. He wore silk boots embroidered with gold, and a sash of blue girded his waist.\n\n", "Q47729": "The Democratic Party (Italian: Partito Democratico, PD) is a social-democratic political party in Italy. The party's secretary is Nicola Zingaretti, who was elected in March 2019, while its president is Valentina Cuppi.The PD was founded on 14 October 2007 upon the merger of various centre-left parties which had been part of The Olive Tree list and The Union coalition in the 2006 general election. They notably included the social-democratic Democrats of the Left (DS), successors of the Italian Communist Party and the Democratic Party of the Left which was folded with several social-democratic parties (Labour Federation and Social Christians, among others) in 1998; and the largely Catholic-inspired Democracy is Freedom \u2013 The Daisy (DL), merger of the Italian People's Party (heir of the Christian Democracy party's left-wing), The Democrats and Italian Renewal in 2002. Thus, the party's main ideological trends are social democracy and the Italian Christian leftist tradition. The PD has been also influenced by social liberalism which was already present in some of the founding components of the DS and DL and more generally by a Third Way progressivism.\nThe PD was the second-largest party in Italy in the 2018 general election, the third-largest in the Chamber of Deputies and the fourth-largest in the Senate. Between 2013 and 2018, the Italian government was led by three successive Democratic Prime Ministers, namely Enrico Letta (2013\u20132014), Matteo Renzi (2014\u20132016) and Paolo Gentiloni (2016\u20132018). Since September 2019 the party has been part of the Conte II Cabinet, in a coalition with the Five Star Movement. The party also heads seven regional governments.\nProminent Democrats include Walter Veltroni (secretary, 2007\u20132009), Dario Franceschini (secretary, 2009), Maurizio Martina (secretary, 2018), David Sassoli, Piero Fassino, Marco Minniti, Graziano Delrio, Pier Carlo Padoan, Federica Mogherini, Debora Serracchiani, Lorenzo Guerini, Matteo Orfini, Luigi Zanda, Stefano Bonaccini, Sergio Chiamparino, Vincenzo De Luca, Michele Emiliano, Giuseppe Sala, Leoluca Orlando, Virginio Merola and Dario Nardella. Former members include Giorgio Napolitano (President of Italy, 2006\u20132015), Sergio Mattarella (President of Italy, 2015\u2013present), Romano Prodi, Giuliano Amato, Massimo D'Alema, Pier Luigi Bersani (secretary, 2009\u20132013), Guglielmo Epifani (secretary, 2013), Francesco Rutelli, Pietro Grasso, Carlo Calenda and Matteo Renzi (secretary, 2013\u20132018).", "Q77832": "Gerhard Wagner (18 August 1888 in Neu-Heiduk, Prussian Silesia, now in Poland \u2013 25 March 1939 in Munich) was the first Reich Doctors' Leader (Reichs\u00e4rztef\u00fchrer) in the time of Nazi Germany.\nBorn a surgery professor's son, he studied medicine in Munich and served as a doctor at the front in World War I (1914\u20131918). Among other things, he was awarded the Iron Cross, first class.\nFrom 1919, Wagner ran his own medical practice in Munich, while also being a member of two Freikorps between 1921 and 1923, von Epp and Oberland. Just because of his Silesian origins, Wagner stayed on as leader of the Upper Silesia German Community Associations (Deutschtumsverb\u00e4nde Oberschlesiens). In May 1929, he switched to the NSDAP.\nDr. Wagner was co-founder and as of 1932 leader of the National Socialist German Physicians' Federation (NSD\u00c4B), and also functioned from 1933 as a member of the Palatinate Landtag. A year later, in 1934, Wagner was ordered to the position of Reich Doctors' Leader. Moreover, he was \"The F\u00fchrer's Commissioner for National Health\". By 1933, he had already become leader of the Main Office for National Health, and in 1936 came his appointment as that office's Main Service Leader (Hauptdienstleiter).\nIn December 1935, Wagner became leader of the Reichs\u00e4rztekammer (Physicians' Chamber). At the 1936 Nuremberg Rally, he discussed the racial laws. As was typical of Nazi propaganda at this time, this was more in terms of the pure and growing race than the evil of the Jews. A shift in his political career came in 1937 when he was promoted to SA Obergruppenf\u00fchrer. Meanwhile, he was also commissioner for collegiate issues on Rudolf Hess's staff.\nWagner died quite young, at only 50. The cause of his sudden death is to this day unknown. His successor was Leonardo Conti.\nGerhard Wagner was jointly responsible for euthanasia and sterilization carried out against Jews and the handicapped, and showed himself at the Nuremberg Party Congress in 1935 to be a staunch proponent of the Nuremberg Laws, and thereby also of Nazi Germany's race legislation and racial politics. Under Wagner's leadership, the Nazi killing institution at Hadamar was established.", "Q1949391": "Charles Cronk is an English rock singer-songwriter and musician, best known as the bassist for the Strawbs from 1973 to 1980, then again from 2004 to the present, as well as touring as part of Steve Hackett's band in the 1980s.", "Q41358": "Styria (German: Steiermark [\u02c8\u0283ta\u026a\u032f\u0250\u02ccma\u0281k] (listen); Croatian and Slovene: \u0160tajerska; Hungarian: St\u00e1jerorsz\u00e1g; Czech: \u0160t\u00fdrsko; Slovak: \u0160tajersko) is a state, or Bundesland, located in the southeast of Austria. Covering 16,401 km2 (6,332 sq mi), Styria is the second largest of the nine component states of Austria (also sometimes referred to as provinces in English), after Lower Austria. Styria's neighbor to the South is Slovenia (Carinthia Statistical Region, Drava Statistical Region and Mura Statistical Region). Within Austria, the contiguous states are Carinthia, Salzburg, Upper Austria, Lower Austria, and The Burgenland. The state capital is Graz, which had 276,526 inhabitants at the beginning of 2015.", "Q310155": "William McGuire Bryson (; born 8 December 1951) is an American-British author of books on travel, the English language, science, and other non-fiction topics. Born in the United States, he has been a resident of Britain for most of his adult life, returning to the United States between 1995 and 2003, and holds dual American and British citizenships. He served as the chancellor of Durham University from 2005 to 2011.Bryson came to prominence in the United Kingdom with the publication of Notes from a Small Island (1995), an exploration of Britain, and its accompanying television series. He received widespread recognition again with the publication of A Short History of Nearly Everything (2003), a book widely acclaimed for its accessible communication of science.", "Q9575": "Harivansh Rai Bachchan (27 November 1907 - 18 January 2003) was an Indian poet of the Nayi Kavita literary movement (romantic upsurge) of early 20th century Hindi literature. Born in an Awadhi Indian Hindu family of the Srivastava clan of the Kayastha caste, in the village of Babupatti, in the district of Pratapgarh, in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh in British India, he was also a poet of the Hindi Kavi Sammelan. He is best known for his early work Madhushala (\u092e\u0927\u0941\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e). He is also the husband of social activist, Teji Bachchan, father of Amitabh Bachchan and grandfather of Abhishek Bachchan. In 1976, he received the Padma Bhushan for his service to Hindi literature.", "Q252414": "\u00c1rp\u00e1d Szakasits (Hungarian: [\u02c8a\u02d0rpa\u02d0d \u02c8s\u0252k\u0252\u0283it\u0361\u0283]; 6 December 1888 \u2013 3 May 1965) was a Hungarian Social Democrat, then Communist politician. He served as the country's head of state from 1948 to 1950, the first Communist to hold the post.\nA longtime leader of the Hungarian Social Democratic Party, he supported its merger with the Hungarian Communist Party to form the Hungarian Working People's Party. When President Zolt\u00e1n Tildy was forced to resign, Szakasits was named his successor on 3 August 1948 as part of the final stage of the Communists' complete takeover of the country.\nAfter the adoption of a new Soviet-style Constitution in 1949, the presidency was replaced with a Presidential Council, and Szakasits became its chairman on 23 August 1949, serving until 26 April 1950.\nSzakasits was an Esperantist for over 40 years, attended Esperanto congresses, and was a member of the International Patron Committee for the World Esperanto Congress in 1959.", "Q13378": "Arezzo (UK: , US: , Italian: [a\u02c8rettso]) is a city and comune in Italy and the capital of the province of the same name located in Tuscany. Arezzo is about 80 kilometres (50 miles) southeast of Florence at an elevation of 296 metres (971 ft) above sea level. In 2013 the population was about 99,000.", "Q62581": "Natja Brunckhorst (born 26 September 1966) is a German actress, screenwriter, and director.\nBrunckhorst was 13 years old when she was selected by director Uli Edel for the leading role as Christiane F. in the critically acclaimed 1981 dramatisation of the biographical work Christiane F. - Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo by Christiane Vera Felscherinow, written following the tape recordings of the experiences of teenage girl Christiane F. The film immediately acquired cult status (which it still retains today) and features David Bowie as both himself and the soundtrack composer, which gave the film a commercial boost. A year later Brunckhorst appeared in Rainer Werner Fassbinder's Querelle (1982). After the unexpected success of Christiane F. - Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo, in order to avoid public attention she retreated from public life and went to school in England. After a short time in Paris she returned to Germany in 1987 to study at the Schauspielschule Bochum. Since then she has acted on film and television, for example in The Princess and the Warrior, as well as the German TV series Dr. Sommerfeld \u2013 Neues vom B\u00fclowbogen.Following a recovery from cancer which caused a break in her acting career, in 1998, Brunckhorst began working as a scriptwriter, first for the television series Einsatz Hamburg S\u00fcd. Her biographical film Wie Feuer und Flamme was awarded the Lola for the best script in 2001. In the same year her first work as a director was published, La Mer, a playful-romantic short film. In addition, she still appears in movies, such as her part in 2000 alongside Franka Potente and Benno F\u00fcrmann in the movie The Princess and the Warrior. In Totem, the only German contribution to the Venice Film Festival in 2011, she embodied a woman in desperation for the speechlessness of her family.Brunckhorst has one daughter: Emma (born 1991), from a relationship with German actor Dominic Raacke that lasted from 1988 to 1993. She currently lives in Munich.", "Q42651": "Wuxi (Chinese: \u65e0\u9521) is a city in southern Jiangsu province, eastern China, 135 kilometers (84 mi) by car to the northwest of downtown Shanghai, between Changzhou and Suzhou. In 2017 it had a population of 3,542,319, with 6,553,000 living in the entire prefecture-level city area.\nWuxi is a prominent historical and cultural city of China, and has been a thriving economic center since ancient times as a production as an export hub of rice, silk and textiles. In the last few decades it has emerged as a major producer of electrical motors, software, solar technology and bicycle parts. The city lies in the southern delta of the Yangtze River and on Lake Tai, which with its 48 islets is popular with tourists. Notable landmarks include Lihu Park, the Mt. Lingshan Grand Buddha Scenic Area and its 88 meters (289 ft) tall Grand Buddha at Ling Shan statue, Xihui Park, Wuxi Zoo and Taihu Lake Amusement Park and the Wuxi Museum.\nThe city is served by Sunan Shuofang International Airport, which opened in 2004, the Wuxi Metro, opened in 2014, and the Shanghai\u2013Nanjing Intercity High-Speed Railway which connects it to Shanghai. Jiangnan University, a key national university of \u201cProject 211\u201d and center for scientific research, was originally founded in 1902 but was reconstituted in 2001 with the merger of two other colleges.", "Q916484": "Texas are a Scottish pop rock band from Glasgow. They were founded in 1986 by Johnny McElhone (formerly of the bands Altered Images and Hipsway) and Sharleen Spiteri on lead vocals. Texas made their performing debut in March 1988 at the University of Dundee. They took their name from the 1984 Wim Wenders movie Paris, Texas.\nThe band released their debut album Southside in 1989, along with the debut single \"I Don't Want a Lover\" which was an international hit, reaching the top ten in the UK and other high charting positions in Europe. Southside debuted at number three in the UK and number 88 on the US Billboard 200 album charts. Despite the success of Southside, the follow-up albums Mothers Heaven (1991) and Ricks Road (1993) were less successful, peaking at No. 32 and No. 18 respectively in the UK.\nThe band's fortunes changed in 1997 with the release of their White on Blonde album which entered the UK Albums Chart at number one and became their biggest seller. To date it has been certified six-times platinum in the UK. Follow up album, The Hush (1999), was also successful, debuting at number one on the UK album charts and certified triple platinum. The band's Greatest Hits album, released in 2000, was another big seller, again debuting at number one and also being certified six-times platinum. Texas would go on to release a further two studio albums, Careful What You Wish For in 2003, and Red Book in 2005, both of which were certified gold in the UK. After the release of Red Book and a tour to support the album's release, Texas went on hiatus. Lead singer Sharleen Spiteri launched a solo career, releasing her debut solo album, Melody, in 2008.\nAs of 2017, Texas' sales were 40 million records and they have had thirteen UK top-ten singles, three UK number one albums and eight UK top ten albums, including their ninth studio album, Jump on Board which was released in May 2017, debuting atop of the Scottish Albums Charts and within the top ten in France, the United Kingdom and Belgium.", "Q72792": "Harry Eugene Roach Sr. (January 14, 1892 \u2013 November 2, 1992) professionally known as Hal Roach, was an American film and television producer, director, and actor who was active from the 1910s to the 1990s. He is remembered today for producing a number of successes including the Laurel and Hardy franchise, the film's of entertainer Charley Chase and Our Gang film comedy series.", "Q318509": "Henry Lawrence Garfield (born February 13, 1961), better known as Henry Rollins, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, actor, presenter, comedian, and activist. He currently hosts a weekly radio show on KCRW, is a regular columnist for Rolling Stone Australia, and was a regular columnist for LA Weekly.After performing in the short-lived band State of Alert in 1980, Rollins fronted the California hardcore punk band Black Flag from 1981 to 1986. Following the band's breakup, he established the record label and publishing company 2.13.61 to release his spoken word albums, and formed the Rollins Band, which toured with a number of lineups from 1987 to 2003 (and again in 2006).\nRollins has hosted numerous radio shows, such as Harmony in My Head on Indie 103, and television shows such as The Henry Rollins Show, 120 Minutes, and Jackass. He had recurring dramatic roles in the second season of Sons of Anarchy, in the final seasons of the animated series The Legend of Korra as Zaheer, and has also had roles in several films. He has campaigned for various political causes in the United States, including the promotion of LGBT rights, World Hunger Relief, the West Memphis Three, and an end to all war.", "Q89246": "Baron Joseph Maria Christoph von Lassberg (b. Donaueschingen, 10 April 1770; d. 15 March 1855) was a German antiquary.", "Q470388": "General Mikhail Nikolayevich Annenkov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432; formerly also transcribed Michael Nicolaivitch Annenkoff) (1835 in St. Petersburg, Russia \u2013 January 21, 1899 (New Style) in St. Petersburg, Russia) was a Russian nobleman, author, military officer, and renowned engineer. An important figure in the history of the Russian conquest of Turkestan in the 19th Century, he was Governor-General of the Transcaspian Region (today's Turkmenistan).\nGeneral Annenkov was the builder of the strategic Transcaspian Railway in its initial stages through what is now Turkmenistan, which made possible the bloody defeat of the Turkmen at Geok-Tepe in 1881. He was also involved in the planning of the Trans-Siberian railroad, which was under construction at the time of his death.\nHe also played a major role in the Pendjeh Crisis of 1885, when the UK and Russia nearly went to war.", "Q116588": "Ludwig A. Minelli (born December 5, 1932) is a Swiss lawyer. He is the founder of Dignitas, an organization that helps permanently ill people to end life in a manner which relieves pain and suffering. He is also the founder and general secretary of the Swiss Society for the European Convention on Human Rights.Minelli is among the majority of supporters of physician-assisted suicide who believe that it should be available to both healthy and sick individuals.Minelli holds an LL.M. from Zurich University.", "Q476921": "Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys are functioning at less than 15% of normal. Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney failure, which develops slowly. Symptoms may include leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting, loss of appetite, and confusion. Complications of acute and chronic failure include uremia, high blood potassium, and volume overload. Complications of chronic failure also include heart disease, high blood pressure, and anemia.Causes of acute kidney failure include low blood pressure, blockage of the urinary tract, certain medications, muscle breakdown, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Causes of chronic kidney failure include diabetes, high blood pressure, nephrotic syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease. Diagnosis of acute failure is often based on a combination of factors such as decrease urine production or increased serum creatinine. Diagnosis of chronic failure is based on a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 15 or the need for renal replacement therapy. It is also equivalent to stage 5 chronic kidney disease.Treatment of acute failure depends on the underlying cause. Treatment of chronic failure may include hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant. Hemodialysis uses a machine to filter the blood outside the body. In peritoneal dialysis specific fluid is placed into the abdominal cavity and then drained, with this process being repeated multiple times per day. Kidney transplantation involves surgically placing a kidney from someone else and then taking immunosuppressant medication to prevent rejection. Other recommended measures from chronic disease include staying active and specific dietary changes.In the United States acute failure affects about 3 per 1,000 people a year. Chronic failure affects about 1 in 1,000 people with 3 per 10,000 people newly develop the condition each year. Acute failure is often reversible while chronic failure often is not. With appropriate treatment many with chronic disease can continue working.", "Q1028105": "Greg Coffey is an Australian hedge fund manager based in London. Nicknamed \"The Wizard of Oz\" during his time at GLG Partners and Moore Capital Management, in 2012 he declared retirement at the age of 41 and returned to Sydney. In early 2018, Coffey's plans to launch a new fund were announced.\n\n", "Q88158": "Julia Kl\u00f6ckner (born 16 December 1972) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as Federal Minister of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection in the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel since 2018. Since 2012, she has also been part of the CDU leadership.\nKl\u00f6ckner first became known in 1995 when she was chosen as the German Wine Queen (Deutsche Weink\u00f6nigin). From 2002 to 2011 she was a member of parliament in the German Bundestag and, from 2009 to February 2011, she was a parliamentary undersecretary in the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection. Since 25 September 2010 she has chaired the Rhineland-Palatinate CDU party and, since March 2011, the CDU group in the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate, the state parliament. Since 15 November 2010 she has been on the CDU's national Pr\u00e4sidium (executive committee) and on 4 December 2012 she was elected as one of the Deputy Federal Chairmen and -women of the CDU. In recent years, she has regularly been mentioned by the media as potential successor to Angela Merkel.\n\n", "Q327921": "Lewayne Williams, (born, August 28, 1969, better known as Ganxsta N.I.P. pronounced Gangsta Nip) is a rapper from South Park, Houston, Texas and a member of the South Park Coalition, which he cofounded in 1987 with Houston rapper K-Rino. In 1992 he released his debut album South Park Psycho. This record also helped put the South Park Coalition name on the map due to world wide distribution from Rap-a-Lot. He also wrote the Geto Boys hit \"Chuckie\". NIP stands for \"Nation of Islam is Powerful\" he is also a part of The Nation of Islam. Williams is also looked at as one of the creators of the horrorcore rap genre.", "Q544987": "Aristobulus of Cassandreia (c. 375 BC \u2013 301 BC), Greek historian, son of Aristobulus, probably a Phocian settled in\nCassandreia, accompanied Alexander the Great on his campaigns. He served throughout as an architect and military engineer as well as a close friend of Alexander, enjoying royal confidence, and was entrusted with the repair of the tomb of Cyrus the Great in Pasargadae. He wrote an account, mainly geographical and ethnological. It survives only in quotations by others, which may not all be faithful to the original. His work was largely used by Arrian. Plutarch also used him as a reference.", "Q137546": "Matthew Tyler Murphy (December 29, 1929 \u2013 June 15, 2018), known as Matt \"Guitar\" Murphy, was an American blues guitarist. He was associated with Memphis Slim, The Blues Brothers and Howlin' Wolf.", "Q383729": "Flowers of Shanghai is a 1998 Taiwanese film directed by Hou Hsiao-hsien and starring Tony Leung, Hada Michiko, Annie Shizuka Inoh, Shuan Fang, Jack Kao, Carina Lau, Rebecca Pan, Michelle Reis and Vicky Wei. It was voted the third best film of the 1990s in the 1999 Village Voice Film Poll. The film was selected as the Taiwanese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 71st Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "Q130229": "Georgia, formally the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (Georgian SSR; Georgian: \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0, translit.: sakartvelos sabch'ota sotsialist'uri resp'ublik'a; Russian: \u0413\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, romanized: Gruzinskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), was one of the republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991. Coterminous with the present-day republic of Georgia, it was based on the traditional territory of Georgia, which had existed as a series of independent states in the Caucasus prior to annexation by the Russian Empire in 1801. The Georgian SSR was formed in 1921 and subsequently incorporated in the Soviet Union in 1922. Until 1936 it was a part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, which existed as a union republic within the USSR. From November 18, 1989, the Georgian SSR declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. The republic was renamed the Republic of Georgia on November 14, 1990, and subsequently became independent before the dissolution of the Soviet Union on April 9, 1991, whereupon each former SSR became a sovereign state.\nGeographically, the Georgian SSR was bordered by Turkey to the south-west and the Black Sea to the west. Within the Soviet Union it bordered the Russian SFSR to the north, the Armenian SSR to the south and the Azerbaijan SSR to the south-east.", "Q80504": "Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu (, Romanian: [niko\u02c8la.e t\u0283e\u032fa.u\u02c8\u0283esku] (listen); 26 January 1918 \u2013 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician and leader. He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989 and hence the second and last Communist leader of Romania. He was also the country's head of state from 1967, serving as President of the State Council and from 1974 concurrently as President of the Republic until his overthrow and execution in the Romanian Revolution in December 1989, part of a series of anti-Communist and anti-Soviet Union uprisings in Eastern Europe that year.\nBorn in 1918 in Scornice\u0219ti, Olt County, Ceau\u0219escu was a member of the Romanian Communist youth movement. Ceau\u0219escu rose up through the ranks of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej's Socialist government and, upon Gheorghiu-Dej's death in 1965, he succeeded to the leadership of the Romanian Communist Party as general secretary.Upon his rise to power, he eased press censorship and openly condemned the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in his speech on 21 August 1968, which resulted in a surge in popularity. However, the resulting period of stability was very brief as his government very soon became severely totalitarian and was considered the most repressive in the Eastern Bloc at the time. His secret police, the Securitate, was responsible for mass surveillance as well as severe repression and human rights abuses within the country, and he suppressed and controlled the media and press, implementing methods that were among the harshest, most restrictive and brutal in the world. Economic mismanagement due to failed oil ventures during the 1970s led to skyrocketing foreign debts for Romania. In 1982, he exported much of the country's agricultural and industrial production in an effort to repay them. The shortages that followed drastically lowered living standards, leading to heavy rationing of food, water, oil, heat, electricity, medicine and other necessities. His cult of personality experienced unprecedented elevation, followed by extensive nepotism and the intense deterioration of foreign relations, even with the Soviet Union.\nAs anti-government protesters demonstrated in Timi\u0219oara in December 1989, he perceived the demonstrations as a political threat and ordered military forces to open fire on 17 December, causing many deaths and injuries. The revelation that Ceau\u0219escu was responsible resulted in a massive spread of rioting and civil unrest across the country. The demonstrations, which reached Bucharest, became known as the Romanian Revolution\u2014the only violent overthrow of a communist government in the turn of the Revolutions of 1989. Ceau\u0219escu and his wife Elena fled the capital in a helicopter, but they were captured by the military after the armed forces changed sides. After being tried and convicted of economic sabotage and genocide, they were immediately executed by firing squad on 25 December and Ceau\u0219escu was succeeded as President by Ion Iliescu, who had played a major part in the revolution. Capital punishment was abolished shortly thereafter.\n\n", "Q281894": "Converge is an American hardcore punk band formed by vocalist Jacob Bannon and guitarist Kurt Ballou in Salem, Massachusetts in 1990. During the recording of their seminal fourth album Jane Doe, the group became a four-piece with the departure of guitarist Aaron Dalbec and the addition of bassist Nate Newton and drummer Ben Koller. This lineup has remained intact since. They have released nine studio albums, three live albums, and numerous EPs. The band's sound is rooted in both hardcore punk and heavy metal, and they are considered pioneers of metalcore as well as its subgenre mathcore.Converge have enjoyed a relatively high level of recognition. According to AllMusic, they are \"regarded as one of the most original and innovative bands to emerge from the punk underground.\" Their popularity rose with the release of Jane Doe, which was ranked as the best album of the decade by Sputnikmusic, the best album of 2001 by Terrorizer and later as the 61st best metal album of all time by Rolling Stone. Subsequently, Converge moved from Equal Vision Records to the considerably larger label Epitaph Records and their records gradually became more elaborate and expensive to produce. Special releases have traditionally been handled by Deathwish Inc., established by Bannon in 1999. The band's ninth studio album, The Dusk in Us, was released in November 2017 through Deathwish and Epitaph.", "Q161700": "1. April 2000 is a 1952 political satire film directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner and starring Hilde Krahl, made during the Allied Occupation of Austria (1945\u201355). The script was reportedly commissioned at the request of the Austrian government, and is a political satire depicting a harmless, potentially congenial future Austria still subject to needless and stifling oversight by the four Allied powers, as established following the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II (as it was when the film was made). The film was entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q1897": "Cagliari (, also UK: , US: , Italian: [\u02c8ka\u028e\u028eari] (listen); Sardinian: Casteddu [kas\u02c8te\u0256\u02d0u]; Latin: Caralis) is an Italian municipality and the capital of the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name Casteddu literally means castle. It has about 155,000 inhabitants, while its metropolitan city (including Cagliari and 16 other nearby municipalities) has more than 431,000 inhabitants. According to Eurostat, the population of the Functional urban area, the commuting zone of Cagliari, rises to 476,975. Cagliari is the 26th largest city in Italy and the largest city on the island of Sardinia.\nAn ancient city with a long history, Cagliari has seen the rule of several civilisations. Under the buildings of the modern city there is a continuous stratification attesting to human settlement over the course of some five thousand years, from the Neolithic to today. Historical sites include the prehistoric Domus de Janas, very damaged by cave activity, a large Carthaginian era necropolis, a Roman era amphitheatre, a Byzantine basilica, three Pisan-era towers and a strong system of fortification that made the town the core of Spanish Habsburg imperial power in the western Mediterranean Sea. Its natural resources have always been its sheltered harbour, the often powerfully fortified hill of Castel di Castro, the modern Casteddu, the salt from its lagoons, and, from the hinterland, wheat from the Campidano plain and silver and other ores from the Iglesiente mines.\nCagliari was the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia from 1324 to 1848, when Turin became the formal capital of the kingdom (which in 1861 became the Kingdom of Italy). Today the city is a regional cultural, educational, political and artistic centre, known for its diverse Art Nouveau architecture and several monuments. It is also Sardinia's economic and industrial hub, having one of the biggest ports in the Mediterranean Sea, an international airport, and the 106th highest income level in Italy (among 8,092 comuni), comparable to that of several northern Italian cities.It is also the seat of the University of Cagliari, founded in 1607, and of the Primate Roman Catholic archdiocese of Sardinia, since the 5th century AD.", "Q1324787": "Eladio Dieste (December 01, 1917 - July 29, 2000) was a Uruguayan engineer who made his reputation by building a range of structures from grain silos, factory sheds, markets and churches, most of them in Uruguay and all of exceptional elegance.\n\n", "Q862311": "Bill Milkowski (born September 26, 1954) is an American jazz critic, journalist, and biographer. Since the 1970s he has written thousands of articles for magazines and album liner notes. He has written for DownBeat, JazzTimes, Jazziz, The Absolute Sound, Paste, Jazzthing (in Germany) and Guitar Club (in Italy). He is the author of a biography of bassist Jaco Pastorius, a biography of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards, an annotated history of jive music, and a collection of interviews.In 2018, Milkowski was part of a \"Jazz Democracy\" panel discussion at the United Nations for International Jazz Day. He received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Jazz Journalists Association in 2011. He received the Bruce Lundvall Award from the Montreal International Jazz Festival in 2015.", "Q44546": "Richard Morgan Fliehr (born February 25, 1949), better known as Ric Flair, is an American professional wrestling manager and retired professional wrestler signed to WWE.\nRanked by multiple peers and journalists as the greatest professional wrestler of all time, Flair had a career that spanned 40 years. He is noted for his tenures with Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, later WWE) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). Since the mid-1970s, he has used the moniker \"The Nature Boy\". A major pay-per-view attraction throughout his career, Flair headlined at the premier annual NWA/WCW event, Starrcade, on ten occasions, while also co-headlining its WWF counterpart, WrestleMania, in 1992, after winning that year's Royal Rumble. PWI awarded him their Wrestler of the Year award a record six times, while Wrestling Observer Newsletter named him the Wrestler of the Year (an award named after him and Lou Thesz) a record eight times. The first two-time WWE Hall of Fame inductee, first inducted with the class of 2008 for his individual career and again with the class of 2012 as a member of The Four Horsemen, he is also a member of the NWA Hall of Fame, Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame, and Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame.\nFlair is officially recognized by WWE as a 16-time world champion (8-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion, 6-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion, and two-time WWF Champion), although the number of his world championship reigns varies by source, ranging from 16 to 25. He has claimed to be a 21-time champion. He was the first holder of the WCW World Heavyweight Championship and the WCW International World Heavyweight Championship (which he also held last). As the inaugural WCW World Heavyweight Champion, he became the first person to complete WCW's Triple Crown, having already held the United States Heavyweight and World Tag Team Championships. He then completed WWE's version of the Triple Crown when he won the Intercontinental Championship, after already holding the WWF Championship and the World Tag Team Championship.", "Q90071": "Sabine Bethmann (born 25 October 1931) is a former German movie actress.\n\n", "Q650792": "Leonard Carey (25 February 1887 \u2013 11 September 1977) was an English character actor who very often played butlers in Hollywood films of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. He was also active in television during the 1950s. He is perhaps best known for his role as the beach hermit, Ben, in Alfred Hitchcock's Rebecca (1940).\nOne of his biggest roles was as \"Dusty\" in the film, Moon Over Her Shoulder (1941) with John Sutton. Other memorable appearances included roles in The Awful Truth (1937), Heaven Can Wait (1943), Hitchcock's Strangers on a Train (1951), Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952) and Thunder in the East (1953).\nCarey retired from acting in the late 1950s. He died at aged 90 in Woodland Hills, California. His interment was at Chapel of the Pines Crematory.", "Q319171": "That Man from Rio (French: L'Homme de Rio) is a French/Italian international co-production 1964 adventure film directed by Philippe de Broca and starring Jean-Paul Belmondo and Fran\u00e7oise Dorl\u00e9ac. It was the first film to be made by the French subsidiary of United Artists, Les Productions Artistes Associ\u00e9s. The film was a huge success with a total of 4,800,626 admissions in France, becoming the 5th highest earning film of the year.This fast-moving spoof of James Bond-type films features striking location photography by Edmond S\u00e9chan of Rio de Janeiro, Bras\u00edlia, and Paris. At the 37th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for the Oscar for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay. The story has been inspired by the series of comic albums The Adventures of Tintin.", "Q984858": "Saarij\u00e4rvi (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u0251\u02d0ri\u02ccj\u00e6r\u028bi]) is a town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the Central Finland region. The municipality has a population of 9,406\n(31 January 2019) and covers an area of 1,422.72 square kilometres (549.32 sq mi) of\nwhich 170.8 km2 (65.9 sq mi)\nis water. The population density is\n7.51 inhabitants per square kilometre (19.5/sq mi).\nNeighbouring municipalities are Kannonkoski, Karstula, Multia, Soini, Uurainen, \u00c4ht\u00e4ri and \u00c4\u00e4nekoski.\nThe municipality is unilingually Finnish. The neighboring municipality of Pylk\u00f6nm\u00e4ki was consolidated to Saarij\u00e4rvi on 1 January 2009.\nThere are all together 241 lakes in Saarij\u00e4rvi. Biggest lakes are Pyh\u00e4j\u00e4rvi, Summanen and Lake Saarij\u00e4rvi.Saarij\u00e4rvi is the home of Bonden Paavo (Finnish: Saarij\u00e4rven Paavo) in the poem by Johan Ludvig Runeberg. Juho Hyyti\u00e4inen, the great grandfather of Pamela Anderson, left the village in 1908 emigrating to the American continent.", "Q89520": "Rosa Mayreder (30 November 1858, in Vienna \u2013 19 January 1938, in Vienna) was an Austrian freethinker, author, painter, musician and feminist. She was the daughter of Marie and Franz Arnold Obermayer who was a wealthy restaurant operator and barkeeper.\nRosa had twelve brothers and sisters and although her conservative father did not believe in the formal education of girls he allowed her to participate in the Greek and Latin lessons of one of her brothers. She also received private instruction in French, painting and the piano.\n\n", "Q447242": "Mirz\u0101 Jah\u0101ngir Kh\u0101n (\u22481870, or 1875, Shiraz \u2014 June 23, 1908, Tehran) (Persian: \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u200e), also known as Mirz\u0101 Jah\u0101ngir Kh\u0101n Shir\u0101zi (\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0649 ) and Jah\u0101ngir-Kh\u0101n-e S\u016br-e-Esr\u0101fil (\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0644), was an Iranian writer and intellectual, and a revolutionary during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution (1905\u20131911). He is best known for his bold editorship of the progressive weekly newspaper Sur-e Esr\u0101fil, of which he was also the founder. He was executed, at the age of 38, or 32, for his revolutionary zeal, following the successful coup d'\u00e9tat of Mohammad-Ali Shah Qajar in June 1908. His execution took place in B\u0101gh-e Sh\u0101h (\u0628\u0627\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0647 - The Garden of Shah) in Tehran, and was attended by Mohammad-Ali Shah himself. He shared this fate simultaneously with his fellow revolutionary Mirz\u0101 Nasro'llah Beheshti, better known as Malek al-Motakallemin. It has been reported that immediately before his execution he had said \"Long live the constitutional government\" (Zendeh b\u0101d Mashrouteh) and pointed to the ground and uttered the words \"O Land, we are [being] killed for the sake of your preservation [/protection]\" (Ey Kh\u0101k, m\u0101 bar\u0101ye hefz-e to koshteh shodim).", "Q597261": "Arcadia were a new wave British group formed in 1985 by Simon Le Bon, Nick Rhodes, and Roger Taylor of Duran Duran as a side project during a break in that band's schedule. The project was only active during 1985 and 1986 for just one album, So Red the Rose, which was certified Platinum in the United States and included the singles \"Election Day\", \"Goodbye Is Forever\", \"The Flame\" and \"The Promise (ft. David Gilmour and Sting)\". Drummer Roger Taylor appeared in only a few band photographs and in none of the music videos, and stated he was only to be involved in the recording side of the project (he also had minor involvement in The Power Station, the other Duran Duran splinter group formed by Duran Duran's Andy and John Taylor alongside Robert Palmer and Tony Thompson of Chic).The name of the band was reportedly inspired by the Nicolas Poussin painting Et in Arcadia ego (also known as \"The Arcadian Shepherds\").", "Q4426267": "The Five Eyes Air Force Interoperability Council (AFIC) is a formal Five Eyes (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States) military organisation with a mandate to enhance coalition warfighting capability through air force interoperability. AFIC consists of representatives each nation\u2019s Air Forces and the United States Navy. AFIC has a Washington DC based Management Committee which oversees the execution of the program\u2019s Vision and Mission with the cooperation of experts from member nations' defence departments.\nAFIC's primary outputs are Air Standards, Advisory Publications and Information Publications which document common specifications, interoperability procedures and/or tactics, techniques, procedures (TTPs) in order to increase operational effectiveness.\n\n", "Q168724": "Dame Emma Thompson (born 15 April 1959) is a British actress, screenwriter, activist, author and comedian. She is one of Britain's most acclaimed actresses and is the recipient of numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards, a Primetime Emmy Award, three BAFTA Awards and two Golden Globe Awards.\nBorn in London to English actor Eric Thompson and Scottish actress Phyllida Law, Thompson was educated at Newnham College, University of Cambridge, where she became a member of the Footlights troupe. After appearing in several comedy programmes, she came to prominence in 1987 in two BBC TV series, Tutti Frutti and Fortunes of War, winning the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for her work in both series. Her first film role was in the 1989 romantic comedy The Tall Guy. In the early 1990s, she often collaborated with her husband, actor and director Kenneth Branagh. The pair became popular in the British media and co-starred in several films, including Dead Again (1991) and Much Ado About Nothing (1993).\nIn 1992, Thompson won an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress for the period drama Howards End. In 1993, she had dual Academy Award nominations for her roles in The Remains of the Day as the housekeeper of a grand household and In the Name of the Father as a lawyer. Thompson scripted and starred in Sense and Sensibility (1995), which earned her numerous awards, including an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, which makes her the only person to receive Academy Awards for acting and writing and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress. In 2013, she received acclaim and several award nominations for her portrayal of author P. L. Travers in Saving Mr. Banks. Other notable film and television credits include the Harry Potter film series (2004\u20132011), Wit (2001), Love Actually (2003), Angels in America (2003), Nanny McPhee (2005), Stranger than Fiction (2006), Last Chance Harvey (2008), Men in Black 3 (2012) and the sequel Men in Black: International (2019), Brave (2012), Beauty and the Beast (2017), Late Night (2019) and the BBC/HBO series Years and Years (2019).\nThompson is married to actor Greg Wise, with whom she lives in London. They have one daughter. She is an activist in the areas of human rights and environmentalism and has received criticism for her outspokenness. She has written two books adapted from The Tale of Peter Rabbit. She was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2018 Birthday Honours by Elizabeth II for her services to drama.", "Q286645": "Comte \u00c9mile de K\u00e9ratry (24 March 1832, Paris \u2014 6 April 1904, Paris) was a French politician, soldier and author, the son of Auguste Hilarion (old noble Breton family).\nK\u00e9ratry became deputy for Finist\u00e8re in 1869, and strongly supported the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. He was in Paris during part of the siege, but escaped in a balloon, and joined L\u00e9on Gambetta. He was appointed to raise an \"army of Brittany\" from the west of France to strike back at the advancing Prussians, but his hastily assembled volunteers were poorly equipped and suffered poor conditions while being prepared for combat at Camp Conlie. As a result, K\u00e9ratry resigned.In 1871 Thiers appointed him to the prefecture, first of the Haute-Garonne, and subsequently of the Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne, but he resigned in the following year.", "Q111581": "James Maurice (November 7, 1814 \u2013 August 4, 1884) was a United States Representative from New York.", "Q2443765": "Torbj\u00f6rn T\u00f6rnqvist (born 1953) is a Swedish billionaire, and the CEO and co-founder of Gunvor, \"one of the largest commodities conglomerates in the world\", with the Russian billionaire, Gennady Timchenko.\n\n", "Q2679441": "Pavitr Gajaseni (Thai: \u0e1b\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e23 \u0e04\u0e0a\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e35, also spelled Kachasanee; 13 October 1932 \u2013 February 2015) was a Thai businessman and sports shooter. He was a great-grandson of Prince Kaew Nawarat of Chiang Mai. He was a partner and director of Sony Thai Co. Ltd, and was a founding member of the Skeet & Trap Shooting Association of Thailand. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics. He also competed at the 1974 Asian Games.", "Q230291": "Sheikh Hassan Ahmed Abdel Rahman Muhammed al-Banna (Arabic: \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u200e; 14 October 1906 \u2013 12 February 1949), known as Hassan al-Banna (Arabic: \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u200e), was an Egyptian schoolteacher and imam, best known for founding the Muslim Brotherhood, one of the largest and most influential Islamic revivalist organizations.Al-Banna's writings marked a watershed in Islamic intellectual history by presenting a modern ideology based on Islam. Al-Banna considered Islam to be a comprehensive system of life, with the Quran as the only acceptable constitution. He called for Islamization of the state, the economy, and society. He declared that establishing a just society required development of institutions and progressive taxation, and elaborated an Islamic fiscal theory where zakat would be reserved for social expenditure in order to reduce inequality. Al-Banna's ideology involved criticism of Western materialism, British imperialism, and the traditionalism of the Egyptian ulema. He appealed to Egyptian and pan-Arab patriotism but rejected Arab nationalism and regarded all Muslims as members of a single nation-community.The Muslim Brotherhood advocated gradualist moral reform and had no plans for a violent takeover of power. The \"Jihad of the spirit\"\u2015self-initiated productive work aimed at bettering the conditions of the Islamic community\u2015was a significant part of their ideology. Under al-Banna's leadership, the organization embarked on a wide-ranging campaign of social engagement; they especially emphasized public health improvements. Following the abolition of the caliphate in 1924, al-Banna called on Muslims to prepare for armed struggle against colonial rule; he warned Muslims against the \"widespread belief\" that \"jihad of the heart\" was more important than \"jihad of the sword\". He allowed the formation of a secret military wing within the Muslim Brotherhood, which took part in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Al-Banna generally encouraged Egyptians to abandon Western customs; he argued that the state should enforce Islamic public morality through censorship and application of hudud corporal punishment. Nonetheless, his thought was open to Western ideas and some of his writings quote European authors instead of Islamic sources.Al-Banna was assassinated by the Egyptian secret police in 1949. His son-in-law Said Ramadan emerged as a major leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in the 1950s.", "Q92666": "Mark Richard Jerrum (born 1955) is a British computer scientist and computational theorist.\nJerrum received his Ph.D. in computer science 'On the complexity of evaluating multivariate polynomials' in 1981 from University of Edinburgh under the supervision of Leslie Valiant. He is professor of pure mathematics at Queen Mary, University of London.With his student Alistair Sinclair, Jerrum investigated the mixing behaviour of Markov chains to construct approximation algorithms for counting problems such as the computing the permanent, with applications in diverse fields such as matching algorithms, geometric algorithms, mathematical programming, statistics, physics-inspired applications, and dynamical systems. This work has been highly influential in theoretical computer science and was recognised with the G\u00f6del Prize in 1996. A refinement of these methods led to a fully polynomial-time randomised approximation algorithm for computing the permanent, for which Jerrum and his co-authors received the Fulkerson Prize in 2006.", "Q558410": "Henry Harland (1 March 1861 \u2013 20 December 1905) was an American novelist and editor.", "Q61936": "Starnberg is a German town in Bavaria, Germany, some 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Munich. It is at the north end of Lake Starnberg, in the heart of the \"Five Lakes Country\", and serves as capital of the district of Starnberg. Recording a disposable per-capita income of \u20ac26,120 in 2007, Starnberg regained its status as the wealthiest town in Germany.\n\n", "Q344262": "\u0130stanbul Bilgi University (Turkish: \u0130stanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi), officially established in 1996, is a foundation university located in \u0130stanbul, Turkey.\n\nThe university has 4 campuses centrally-located in \u0130stanbul namely santralistanbul, Ku\u015ftepe, Dolapdere and Kozyata\u011f\u0131.As of 2020, \u0130stanbul Bilgi University has near 20,000 students and 45,000 graduates; approximately 1,500 academicians; 7 faculties, 3 institutes, 4 schools, 3 vocational schools, and more than 150 programs that provide education to its associate, undergraduate and graduate students.", "Q258139": "B\u00e9atrice Sch\u00f6nberg (n\u00e9e B\u00e9atrice Szabo; 9 May 1953) is a French television journalist.\nShe anchored the newscasts on La Cinq from 1987 to 1992 and on France 2 from 1997 to 2007.\nShe was formerly married to the musician and composer Claude-Michel Sch\u00f6nberg.\nOn 21 July 2005 she married the French politician Jean-Louis Borloo at Rueil-Malmaison, Hauts-de-Seine. The journalists' union SDJ (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des journalistes) then called for her resignation.\nIn September 2006, France 2 announced they had come to an agreement with Ms. Sch\u00f6nberg. Effective 25 February 2007, she was replaced by Laurent Delahousse, but would continue with the network as the host of a prime-time science program. She did not return after the second part of the presidential election in May 2007 because her husband was given a cabinet post in President Nicolas Sarkozy's government.", "Q390755": "Caroline Knapp (November 8, 1959 \u2013 June 3/4, 2002) was an American writer and columnist whose candid best-selling memoir Drinking: A Love Story recounted her 20-year battle with alcoholism. She was the daughter of noted psychiatrist Peter H. Knapp, who did groundbreaking research into psychosomatic medicine.", "Q240776": "Karen LuJean Nyberg (born October 7, 1969) is an American mechanical engineer and NASA astronaut. Nyberg became the 50th woman in space on her first mission in 2008.\nNyberg started her space career in 1991 and spent a total of 180 days in space in 2008 and 2013 (as a Mission Specialist on STS-124 and a Flight Engineer on Soyuz TMA-09M).", "Q4737": "Porfirio Lobo Sosa (born 22 December 1947), known as Pepe Lobo, is a Honduran politician and agricultural landowner who served as President of Honduras from 2010 to 2014. A member of the conservative National Party and a former deputy in the National Congress of Honduras from 1990, he was president of the National Congress of Honduras from 2002 to 2006. He came second to Manuel Zelaya with 46% of the vote in the 2005 general election. After the military ousted Zelaya in a coup d'\u00e9tat, Lobo was elected president in the 2009 presidential election and took office on 27 January 2010.", "Q186170": "Doom metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music that typically uses slower tempos, low-tuned guitars and a much \"thicker\" or \"heavier\" sound than other heavy metal genres. Both the music and the lyrics intend to evoke a sense of despair, dread, and impending doom. The genre is strongly influenced by the early work of Black Sabbath, who formed a prototype for doom metal. During the first half of the 1980s, a number of bands from England (Pagan Altar, Witchfinder General), the United States (Pentagram, Saint Vitus, The Obsessed, Trouble, and Cirith Ungol) and Sweden (Candlemass, and later, Count Raven) defined doom metal as a distinct genre.", "Q78254": "Gero von Wilpert (13 March 1933 \u2013 24 December 2009) was a German author, a senior lecturer in German at the University of New South Wales and, from 1980, Professor of German at the University of Sydney.Wilpert was born in Tartu (Dorpat), Estonia. Like all Baltic Germans, he was forced to leave Estonia after the Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact and the takeover of the country by the Soviet Union (1939\u201340).\nFrom 1953 to 1957 he studied at the University of Heidelberg, where he was at times a docent. He then settled near Stuttgart to work as independent author and lecturer.\nWilpert published several editions of an encyclopedia of literary descriptions Sachw\u00f6rterbuch der Literatur. He also wrote a comprehensive Lexikon der Weltliteratur [Lexicon of World Literature] and earlier had published his Deutsche Literatur in Bildern [German Literature in Pictures] and a journal on Schiller.\nHe was a member of the Australian Academy of the Humanities.\nWilpert died in Sydney.", "Q221377": "Viareggio (Italian pronunciation: [vja\u02c8redd\u0292o; vi.a\u02c8redd\u0292o]) is a city and comune in northern Tuscany, Italy, on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. With a population of over 62,000, it is the second largest city within the province of Lucca, after Lucca.\nIt is known as a seaside resort as well as being the home of the famous carnival of Viareggio (dating back to 1873), and its papier-m\u00e2ch\u00e9 floats, which (since 1925), parade along the promenade known as \"Passeggiata a mare\", in the weeks of Carnival. The symbol of the carnival of Viareggio and its official mask is Burlamacco, designed and invented by Uberto Bonetti in 1930.\nThe city traces its roots back to the first half of the 16th century when it became the only gate to the sea for the Republic of Lucca. The oldest building in Viareggio, known as Torre Matilde, dates back to this time and was built by the Lucchesi in 1541 as a defensive fortification to fight the constant menace of corsair incursions.\nViareggio is also an active industrial and manufacturing centre; its shipbuilding industry has long been renowned around the world and its fishing and floricultural industries are still fundamental sectors to the city's economy.\nViareggio hosts the Premio letterario Viareggio R\u00e9paci for literature, established in 1929. Amongst the other events organized around the year, it is worth mentioning the Festival Gaber, which has been held every August since 2004 to celebrate the memory of Giorgio Gaber, and is attended by several high-profile Italian musicians.", "Q92855": "Ian F. Sommerville, (born 23 February 1951) is a British academic. He is the author of a popular student textbook on software engineering, as well as a number of other books and papers. He worked as a professor of software engineering at the University of St Andrews in Scotland until 2014 and is a prominent researcher in the field of systems engineering, system dependability and social informatics, being an early advocate of an interdisciplinary approach to system dependability.\n\n", "Q3107760": "Sonia Mercedes Gisela Valc\u00e1rcel \u00c1lvarez (born January 26, 1963) is a Peruvian television hostess, actress, and businesswoman.", "Q355384": "Paul Francis Gadd (born 8 May 1944), known professionally as Gary Glitter, is an English glam rock singer who achieved success in the 1970s and 1980s, known for his extreme glam image of glitter suits, make-up and platform boots, and his energetic live performances. He sold over 20 million records, had 26 hit singles which spent a total of 180 weeks in the UK Singles Chart; twelve reaching the Top 10, with three charting at number-one. He is listed in the Top 100 UK most successful chart acts. He was imprisoned for downloading child pornography in 1999, and child sexual abuse and attempted rape in 2006 and 2015. Formerly one of the best-loved entertainers in British music history, in 2015 Glitter was described by Alexis Petridis of The Guardian as a \"public hate figure\". His performances on the BBC's Top of the Pops are not repeated.\nAfter performing under the name Paul Raven in the 1960s, he changed his stage name to Gary Glitter in the glam rock era of the early 1970s, with a sustained solo UK chart run of hits including \"Rock and Roll, Parts 1 and 2\", \"Do You Wanna Touch Me\", \"I Love You Love Me Love\", \"I'm the Leader of the Gang (I Am)\", and \"Hello, Hello, I'm Back Again\". Glitter's popularity waned in the late 1970s, followed by a successful comeback as a solo artist again from the 1980s. His 1984 song \"Another Rock and Roll Christmas\" is one of the most played Christmas hits of all time. In 1998, his recording of \"Rock and Roll\" was listed as one of the top 1,001 songs in music history. Glitter also released seven studio albums, and at least fifteen compilation or live albums.\nThe BBC described Glitter's fall from grace as \"dramatic\" and \"spectacular\". The late 1990s saw his image become irreparably tarnished, following his 1997 arrest and 1999 conviction in the United Kingdom for downloading thousands of items of child pornography. He was also charged at the same time, but acquitted, of sexual activity with an underage girl in the 1970s. Later, Glitter faced criminal charges and deportation from several countries in connection with actual and suspected child sexual abuse. He was deported from Cambodia on suspected child sexual abuse charges in 2002. After settling in Vietnam, a Vietnamese court found him guilty of obscene acts with minors in 2006. After serving his sentence, Glitter was deported back to the UK where he was placed on the Sex Offenders' Register for life. In October 2012, he was arrested again as part of Operation Yewtree. He was bailed but was eventually charged, in June 2014, with historical child sex offences. On 5 February 2015, he was found guilty of attempted rape, four counts of indecent assault, and one of having sex with a girl under the age of 13 between 1975 and 1980. On 27 February 2015, he was sentenced to a total of 16 years in prison.", "Q3898158": "Paul Leslie Snider (April 15, 1951 \u2013 August 14, 1980) was a Canadian who is best known for the rape and murder of his estranged wife, the Playboy model Dorothy Stratten. Following her murder, he killed himself.", "Q76279": "Otto Erich Hartleben (3 June 1864 \u2013 11 February 1905) was a German poet and dramatist from Clausthal, known for his translation of Pierrot Lunaire.", "Q28463": "B\u00e9r\u00e9nice Lim Marlohe (born 19 May 1979) is a French actress. She played anti-heroine Bond girl S\u00e9v\u00e9rine in the twenty-third James Bond film Skyfall. Her television credits include P\u00e8re et Maire, Femmes de loi, and Equipe m\u00e9dicale d\u2019urgence. She had an uncredited role in the French comedy Happiness Never Comes Alone with Sophie Marceau. She is also a brand ambassador for Omega Watches.", "Q180501": "David William Hopkins (October 31, 1897 \u2013 October 14, 1968) was a Republican U.S. Representative from Missouri; born in Troy, Doniphan County, Kansas.\nHopkins moved with his parents to Saint Joseph, Missouri in 1899. He graduated from Graceland Academy, Lamoni, Iowa in 1916. In 1920 he graduated from University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa where he was a member of Sigma Pi fraternity. He graduated from the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri in 1926. He then taught in the high schools of St. Joseph from 1922 until elected to Congress in 1928. He also served as superintendent of schools of St. Joseph in 1928 and 1929 and the St. Joseph Board of Education from 1937 to 1967. He was defeated in the election of 1932 and returned to private life as an insurance broker.", "Q83958": "Macedonia ( (listen); Ancient Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, Makedon\u00eda), also called Macedon (), was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece. The kingdom was founded and initially ruled by the royal Argead dynasty, which was followed by the Antipatrid and Antigonid dynasties. Home to the ancient Macedonians, the earliest kingdom was centered on the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula, and bordered by Epirus to the west, Paeonia to the north, Thrace to the east and Thessaly to the south.\nBefore the 4th century BC, Macedonia was a small kingdom outside of the area dominated by the great city-states of Athens, Sparta and Thebes, and briefly subordinate to Achaemenid Persia. During the reign of the Argead king Philip II (359\u2013336 BC), Macedonia subdued mainland Greece and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom through conquest and diplomacy. With a reformed army containing phalanxes wielding the sarissa pike, Philip II defeated the old powers of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC. Philip II's son Alexander the Great, leading a federation of Greek states, accomplished his father's objective of commanding the whole of Greece when he destroyed Thebes after the city revolted. During Alexander's subsequent campaign of conquest, he overthrew the Achaemenid Empire and conquered territory that stretched as far as the Indus River. For a brief period, his empire was the most powerful in the world \u2013 the definitive Hellenistic state, inaugurating the transition to a new period of Ancient Greek civilization. Greek arts and literature flourished in the new conquered lands and advances in philosophy, engineering, and science spread throughout much of the ancient world. Of particular importance were the contributions of Aristotle, tutor to Alexander, whose writings became a keystone of Western philosophy.\nAfter Alexander's death in 323 BC, the ensuing wars of the Diadochi, and the partitioning of Alexander's short-lived empire, Macedonia remained a Greek cultural and political center in the Mediterranean region along with Ptolemaic Egypt, the Seleucid Empire, and the Kingdom of Pergamon. Important cities such as Pella, Pydna, and Amphipolis were involved in power struggles for control of the territory. New cities were founded, such as Thessalonica by the usurper Cassander (named after his wife Thessalonike of Macedon). Macedonia's decline began with the Macedonian Wars and the rise of Rome as the leading Mediterranean power. At the end of the Third Macedonian War in 168 BC, the Macedonian monarchy was abolished and replaced by Roman client states. A short-lived revival of the monarchy during the Fourth Macedonian War in 150\u2013148 BC ended with the establishment of the Roman province of Macedonia.\nThe Macedonian kings, who wielded absolute power and commanded state resources such as gold and silver, facilitated mining operations to mint currency, finance their armies and, by the reign of Philip II, a Macedonian navy. Unlike the other diadochi successor states, the imperial cult fostered by Alexander was never adopted in Macedonia, yet Macedonian rulers nevertheless assumed roles as high priests of the kingdom and leading patrons of domestic and international cults of the Hellenistic religion. The authority of Macedonian kings was theoretically limited by the institution of the army, while a few municipalities within the Macedonian commonwealth enjoyed a high degree of autonomy and even had democratic governments with popular assemblies.", "Q2012050": "The Donetsk Oblast (Ukrainian: \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0301\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0301\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c, romanized: Donets'ka oblast'; Russian: \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0301\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0301\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c, tr. Donetskaya oblast', IPA: [d\u0250\u02c8n\u02b2\u025btsk\u0259j\u0259 \u02c8ob\u026b\u0259s\u02b2t\u02b2]), also referred to as Donechyna (Ukrainian: \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430, romanized: Donechchyna; Russian: \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430, tr. Donetchina; literally: Donetsia), is an oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. It is the most populated oblast, with around 4.5 million residents. Its administrative center is Donetsk; however, its Regional State Administration has been temporarily relocated to Kramatorsk because of the ongoing crisis in Donetsk. Historically, the region is an important part of the Donbas region. Until November 1961, it bore the name Stalino Oblast as Donetsk was then named \"Stalino\", in honour of Joseph Stalin. As part of the de-Stalinization process, it was renamed as its administrative center after Siversky Donets, the main artery of East Ukraine.\nThe oblast is known for its urban sprawl of Donetsk\u2013Makiivka and Horlivka\u2013Yenakieve and it is often associated with coal mining industry.\nOn April 7, 2014, following the annexation of Crimea by Russia, Russian-backed militants occupying the Donetsk Oblast administrative building declared independence from Ukraine and staged an unrecognized referendum on separating from Ukraine on 11 May 2014. Subsequently, the War in Donbass started. After Donetsk fell to the insurgents, the Donetsk Oblast administration was relocated to Mariupol and later to Kramatorsk.", "Q18589182": "Saint Adwen or Adwenna was a 5th-century Christian virgin and saint. She is recorded as a daughter of Brychan, king of Brycheiniog in south Wales, in the Cornish Life of Saint Nectan and in Robert Hunt's collection of Cornish legends. These sources associate her with the establishment of the parish of Advent in Cornwall.\nThe saint's feast day is unknown. In Cornwall Adwen was traditionally the patron saint of sweethearts.\n\n", "Q38670": "Richard Nelson Corliss (March 6, 1944 \u2013 April 23, 2015) was an American film critic and magazine editor for Time. He focused on movies, with occasional articles on other subjects.He was the former editor-in-chief of Film Comment and authored several books including Talking Pictures, which, along with other publications, drew early attention to the screenwriter, as opposed to the director.", "Q512294": "Gerald Leo Posner (born May 20, 1954) is an American investigative journalist and author of thirteen books, including Case Closed: Lee Harvey Oswald and the Assassination of JFK (1993), which explores the John F. Kennedy assassination, and Killing the Dream: James Earl Ray and the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (1998), about the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. A plagiarism scandal involving articles Posner wrote for The Daily Beast and his book Miami Babylon arose in 2010. In 2015, the Chicago Tribune called Posner \"a merciless pitbull of an investigator.\"", "Q441800": "Michalis Tremopoulos (Greek: \u039c\u03b9\u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2; born 3 March 1958, in Serres) is a Greek lawyer, journalist, environmentalist and politician. He was a Member of European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 until Feb 2012.\nHe graduated in law at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in 1991, and in social ecology at the Goddard College in Vermont in 1993. He worked as a TV, radio and newspaper journalist.\nHe is a founding member of Ecologists Greens party. He won a seat in the European parliament in the 2009 EP elections.", "Q920863": "The G\u00e4rstenh\u00f6rner is a mountain in the Urner Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies on the range west of the Rhone Glacier, and east of the Grimsel Pass. The G\u00e4rstenh\u00f6rner has three summits: the Mittler G\u00e4rstenhorn (3,189 m), the Hinter G\u00e4rstenhorn (3,173 m) and the Vorder G\u00e4rstenhorn (3,167 m).", "Q407855": "Air Traffic are an English alternative rock band from Bournemouth. Formed in 2003, the band consists of Chris Wall (piano, lead vocals), David Ryan Jordan (Drums), Tom Pritchard (guitar) and Jim Maddock (bass guitar).\nThe band's name originated from when they used to rehearse in an industrial unit next to Hurn Airport, where air traffic control signals could be picked up on their amplifiers. Their music features heavy use of piano, and they have been described by NME to be like \"Supergrass covering Little Richard\". The band have received minor success with the release of their single \"Shooting Star\", which debuted at No. 30 in the UK singles chart, and the release of their debut album, Fractured Life.", "Q1076092": "Technical death metal (also referred to as tech-death) is a musical subgenre of death metal that began and developed in the early- to mid-1990s, with particular focus on challenging, demanding instrumental skill and complex songwriting.\nTechnical experimentation in death metal began in the late 1980s and early 1990s by bands such as Death, Atrocity, Atheist, Cynic and Pestilence.\nSome of the distinct features of this genre include dynamic song structures, complex and atypical rhythmic structures, abundant use of diminished chords and arpeggios, frequent employment of odd time chord progressions, and constant use of string skipping on the guitars. Bass lines are usually complex and the drums are extremely fast-paced with abundant use of blast-beats and other extreme drumming techniques.\nOne of the key works that cemented the subgenre was Atheist's debut album Piece of Time, released in 1990, which took death metal into a more intricate level while incorporating influences ranging from jazz fusion to progressive metal. In 1991, New York death metal group Suffocation released their debut album Effigy of the Forgotten, which focused on pairing speed and brutality with a \"sophisticated\" sense of songwriting. Atheist's second album Unquestionable Presence, Pestilence's third album Testimony of the Ancients, and Death's fourth album Human were all released that very same year, defining the path for death metal's newly found intricateness and having proved to be especially influential on later 1990s and 2000s technical death metal bands.", "Q91384": "Albrecht Beutelspacher (born 5 June 1950) is a German mathematician.\n\n", "Q54966": "Sexmission (Polish: Seksmisja) is a 1984 Polish cult comedy science fiction action film. It also contains a hidden political satire layer specific to the time and place of its production.", "Q1680239": "James Duval Phelan (April 20, 1861 \u2013 August 7, 1930) was an American politician, civic leader and banker. He served as Mayor of San Francisco from 1897 to 1902 and represented California in the United States Senate from 1915 to 1921. Phelan was also active in the movement to restrict Japanese and Chinese immigration to the United States.\n\n", "Q212965": "The Hunger Games is a 2012 American dystopian science fiction-adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on Suzanne Collins\u2019s 2008 novel of the same name. It is the first installment in The Hunger Games film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik, with a screenplay by Ross, Collins, and Billy Ray. The film stars Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Liam Hemsworth, Woody Harrelson, Elizabeth Banks, Lenny Kravitz, Stanley Tucci, and Donald Sutherland. The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem, where a boy and a girl from each of the nation's 12 Districts are chosen annually as \"tributes\" and forced to compete in The Hunger Games, an elaborate televised fight to the death. Katniss Everdeen (Jennifer Lawrence) volunteers to take her younger sister's place, and with her district's male tribute, Peeta Mellark (Josh Hutcherson), travels to the Capitol to train and compete in the games.\nDevelopment of The Hunger Games began in March 2009 when Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement with Color Force, which had acquired the rights a few weeks earlier. Collins collaborated with Ray and Ross to write the screenplay. The screenplay expanded the character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow. The main characters were cast between March and May 2011. Principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011, with filming taking place in North Carolina.\nThe film was released on March 21, 2012, in some European countries and in the US and UK on March 23, 2012, in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters. Japan received it last, on September 28. When the film was released, it set records for opening day ($67.3 million) and opening weekend for a non-sequel. At the time of its release, the film's opening weekend gross ($152.5 million) was the third-largest of any film in North America. It is the first film since Avatar to remain in first place at the North American box office for four consecutive weekends. The film was a massive box-office success by grossing over $694 million worldwide against its budget of $78 million, making it the third-highest-grossing film in the United States and ninth-highest-grossing film of 2012. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 18, 2012. With 7,434,058 units sold, the DVD was the best-selling DVD of 2012. The second installment, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, was released on November 22, 2013, in the United States.\nThe Hunger Games received positive reviews from critics, with praise for its themes and messages, as well as Jennifer Lawrence's portrayal of Katniss; some criticism was levelled at the film's reliance on shaky cam, especially in the action sequences, and its similarities to other works. The film's soundtrack featured the song \"Safe & Sound\", which was sung by American singer Taylor Swift featuring The Civil Wars; it won a Grammy Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. For her performance, Lawrence won the Saturn Award for Best Actress, the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie, the Empire Award for Best Actress and was also nominated for the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress.", "Q608512": "Benjamin Hoff (born 1946) is an American author. He is best known as the author of The Tao of Pooh (1982) and The Te of Piglet (1992). In 2006, he denounced the publishing industry and announced his resignation from book-writing. His book, The Singing Creek Where the Willows Grow, won the American Book Award in 1988.", "Q183008": "Elena Paparizou (Greek: \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5, Greek pronunciation: [\u02c8elena papa\u02c8rizu]; born 31 January 1982), sometimes spelt Helena Paparizou, is a Greek-Swedish singer, songwriter and television personality. Born and raised in Sweden to Greek parents, she enrolled in various arts schools before launching a career in Sweden in 1999 as a member of the la\u00efko (Greek folk music) and Eurodance duo Antique, who participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2001 and afterwards became popular.\nAntique disbanded in 2003, and Paparizou signed a solo recording contract with Sony Music, releasing the chart-topping debut single \"Anapandites Kliseis\" and album Protereotita (2004), with emphasis on la\u00efko, pop, and dance sounds, but at first had modest sales. In 2005, she represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"My Number One\", which she won. It was the first Greek win in the contest's history and transformed her career. Her album was subsequently certified double platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry of Greece. Paparizou attempted a career beyond Greece with English-language material, charting in a few countries abroad. Her three subsequent albums Iparhi Logos (2006), The Game of Love (2006) and Vrisko To Logo Na Zo (2008) all peaked at number one in Greece and reached platinum sales. Her fifth studio album Giro Apo T' Oneiro (2010) was also certified platinum. Paparizou's final release before she left Sony Music, Greatest Hits & More, was released in 2011 and included \"Baby It's Over\", her biggest hit until 2016. Paparizou's biggest hit to date is \"An Me Dis Na Kleo\" feat Anastasios Rammos.\nPaparizou established herself as a teen idol, particularly among young girls. She has endorsed the brands Nokia and Ivi. For the period 2013-2015, she advertised hair colour products for Koleston company in Greece. In the 2010s she tried to move into television as a judge on Dancing on Ice (2011) and as a contestant on Let's Dance (2012). Since 2016, Paparizou has been a judge at The Voice of Greece. Paparizou lived with her fianc\u00e9 and manager Toni Mavridis from 1999 until their separation in 2011.\nPaparizou has been awarded three Arion Music Awards, a European Border Breakers Award, 28 MAD Video Music Awards\u2014more than any other artist\u2014and an MTV Europe Music Award. On 14 March 2010, Alpha TV ranked her as the 14th top-certified domestic female artist since 1960, having won seven platinum and four gold records. Paparizou was the most successful debuting female artist of the 2000s and established herself as one of the top acts of the latter half of the decade. As of 2010, she has been certified for the sales of 300,000 albums, 47,500 singles, and 30,000 digital downloads by IFPI Greece, in addition to 100,000 total record sales in Greece as part of Antique, 24,000 certified albums in Cyprus, and 80,000 singles in Sweden during her solo career. In 2010, Forbes listed Paparizou as the 21st most powerful and influential celebrity in Greece. She has more than 150 million views on YouTube\u2014more than any other artist in the Greek music industry. She is the first female artist to reach 600,000 likes on Facebook in Greece.\n\n", "Q81197": "Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions. Other forms of nuclear matter are also studied. Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.\nDiscoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields. This includes nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.\nParticle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.", "Q308097": "Abderrahmane Sissako (born 13 October 1961) is a Mauritanian-born Malian film director and producer. His film Waiting for Happiness (Heremakono) was screened at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival official selection under Un Certain Regard, winning the FIPRESCI Prize. His 2007 film Bamako received much attention. Sissako's themes include globalisation, exile and the displacement of people. His 2014 film Timbuktu was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival and nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.\n\n", "Q881061": "George Clement Perkins (August 23, 1839 \u2013 February 26, 1923) was an American businessman and politician. A member of the Republican Party, Perkins served as the 14th Governor of California from 1880 to 1883, and as United States Senator from California from 1893 to 1915. He also served in the California State Senate.Born in Kennebunkport, Maine in 1839, Perkins ran away to sea at age twelve, eventually arriving in San Francisco in 1855. After making an unsuccessful effort at staking a mining claim in Butte County, Perkins worked a succession of jobs in Sacramento and the mining town of Oroville, including driving a mule team and working as a store clerk. Perkins eventually bought the Oroville store he clerked at, and was soon grossing $500,000 a year.Perkins was elected to California State Senate in 1869, representing Butte County. While in serving in the Senate in Sacramento, Perkins met businessman Charles Miner Goodall, with whom Perkins would form what would become the Pacific Coast Steamship Company.Leaving his Oroville business to be operated by his brother, Perkins moved to San Francisco in 1875 and expanded his interests in the shipping industry.Perkins sought the Republican nomination for governor in 1879 and ran a successful campaign emphasizing his purported independence from railroad interests given his interests in shipping, a competing industry.During Perkins' term as governor, former Civil War general John Mansfield served as his lieutenant governor.Perkins was appointed to the Senate by Governor Henry Markham in 1893 following the death of Leland Stanford. As a Senator, Perkins was a part of the powerful Southern Pacific political machine, commonly called the Southern Pacific Political Bureau, headed by Southern Pacific chief counsel William F. Herrin.Perkins is buried alongside his wife Ruth Parker Perkins in Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland, California.", "Q235302": "Carolyn Laurie Kane (born June 18, 1952) is an American actress and comedian. She became known in the 1970s and 1980s in films such as Hester Street, for which she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress, Annie Hall, and The Princess Bride. She appeared on the television series Taxi in the early 1980s, as Simka Gravas, the wife of Latka, the character played by Andy Kaufman, winning two Emmy Awards for her work. She has played the character of Madame Morrible in the musical Wicked, both in regional productions and on Broadway from 2005 to 2014. From 2015 to 2019, she was a main cast member on the Netflix original series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, in which she played Lillian Kaushtupper.", "Q86820": "Hugo Huppert (5 June 1902 in Bielitz, Austrian Silesia - 25 March 1982 in Vienna) was an Austrian poet, translator and writer.", "Q25147": "Francesco \"Franco\" Battiato (Italian: [\u02c8fra\u014bko bat\u02c8tja\u02d0to, - batti\u02c8a\u02d0to]; born 23 March 1945) is an Italian singer-songwriter, composer, filmmaker and, under the pseudonym S\u00fcphan Barzani, also a painter. Battiato's songs contain esoteric, philosophical and religious themes.\nHe is and has been for decades one of the most popular singer-songwriters in Italy. His unique sound, song-crafting and especially his lyrics, often containing philosophical, religious, and culturally exotic references, as well as tackling or painting universal themes about the human condition earned him a unique spot on Italy's music scene, and the nickname of \"Il Maestro\" (\"The Master\" or \"The Teacher\"). His work includes songwriting and joint production efforts with several Italian and international musicians and pop singers, including the long-lasting professional relationship with Italian singer Alice. Together with Alice, Battiato represented Italy at the 1984 Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"I treni di Tozeur\".", "Q80289": "One Night with the King is a 2006 American historical epic film produced by Matt Crouch and Laurie Crouch of Gener8Xion Entertainment, directed by Michael O. Sajbel, and starring Peter O'Toole, Tiffany Dupont, John Rhys-Davies and Luke Goss.\nThe screenplay by Stephan Blinn is based on Tommy Tenney and Mark Andrew Olsen's novel Hadassah: One Night with the King and Nathaniel Weinreb's novel Esther (the latter uncredited, but the film closely follows Weinreb's book in plot, including direct quotes and events in the novel), One Night with the King is a dramatization of the Biblical story of Esther, who risked her life by approaching the King of Persia to request that he save the Jewish people.\nDespite being a critical and commercial failure, it received a 2007 CAMIE Award, as Goss did for his portrayal of King Xerxes.", "Q310800": "John \"Jack\" Silas Reed (October 22, 1887 \u2013 October 17, 1920) was an American journalist, poet, and communist activist. Reed first gained prominence as a war correspondent during the first World War, and later became best known for his coverage of the October Revolution in Petrograd, Russia, which he wrote about in his book Ten Days That Shook the World.", "Q336179": "Anthony Fitzhardinge Gueterbock, 18th Baron Berkeley, Baron Gueterbock, (born 20 September 1939), otherwise known as Tony Berkeley, is a British aristocrat and Labour parliamentarian.\nHolder of an ancient English hereditary peerage title created in 1421, Lord Berkeley sits in the House of Lords by virtue of being created a life peer in 2000.\n\n", "Q87280": "Robinson Reichel (born 16 May 1966) is a German television actor.", "Q705022": "John Gregory Dunne (May 25, 1932 \u2013 December 30, 2003) was an American novelist, screenwriter and literary critic.", "Q308929": "Training Day is a 2001 American crime thriller film directed by Antoine Fuqua, and written by David Ayer. Denzel Washington and Ethan Hawke star as two LAPD narcotics officers over a 12-hour period in the gang-ridden neighborhoods of Westlake, Echo Park and South Central Los Angeles.\nThe film was released on October 5, 2001 and grossed $104 million worldwide. The film received positive reviews, with Washington's performance being particularly praised and earning him the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 74th Academy Awards. His co-star Ethan Hawke was nominated for Best Supporting Actor. A television series based on the film, produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, was announced in August 2015 and premiered February 2, 2017 on CBS, but was cancelled after one season.", "Q151628": "Henrietta Godolphin, 2nd Duchess of Marlborough (19 July 1681 \u2013 24 October 1733) was the daughter of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, general of the army, and Sarah Jennings, Duchess of Marlborough, close friend and business manager of Queen Anne.\nShe was born Henrietta Churchill, and became The Hon. Henrietta Churchill when her father was made a Scottish Lord of Parliament in 1682 and Lady Henrietta Churchill in 1689, when her father was created Earl of Marlborough. She married The Hon. Francis Godolphin in 1698, becoming Lady Henrietta Godolphin. She became Viscountess Rialton in 1706 when her father-in-law was created Earl of Godolphin, and Countess of Godolphin in 1712 when her husband succeeded as 2nd Earl of Godolphin.\nAn act of English parliament in 1706 allowed the 1st Duke's daughters to inherit his English titles. Following his death in 1722, Lady Godolphin became suo jure Duchess of Marlborough.\nShe bore five children during her marriage to Lord Godolphin:\n\nWilliam Godolphin, Marquess of Blandford (c. 1700\u20131731), married Maria Catherina de Jong, no issue\nLord Henry Godolphin (b. c. 1700)\nLady Henrietta Godolphin (1701\u20141776), married the 1st Duke of Newcastle, no issue\nLady Margaret Godolphin (b. c. 1703)\nLady Mary Godolphin (1723\u20131764), married the 4th Duke of Leeds and had issue. It was rumored that Lady Mary Godolphin was not, in fact, the daughter of the 2nd Earl of Godolphin, but rather daughter of the playwright William Congreve and Henrietta Godolphin.The Duchess died in 1733, aged 52, in Harrow, Middlesex, and she was buried on 9 November 1733 in Westminster Abbey. Her titles passed to her nephew, the 5th Earl of Sunderland.\n\n", "Q242834": "Yevgenia Solomonovna Ginzburg (December 20, 1904 \u2013 May 25, 1977) (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433) was a Russian author who served an 18-year sentence in the Gulag. Her given name is often Latinized to Eugenia.", "Q8680": "The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It originated with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, 23% of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered 35,500,000 km2 (13,700,000 sq mi), 24% of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, legal, linguistic, and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, the phrase \"the empire on which the sun never sets\" was often used to describe the British Empire, because its expanse around the globe meant that the sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain, the dominant colonial power in North America. It then became the dominant power in the Indian subcontinent after the East India Company's conquest of Mughal Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.\nThe independence of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after the American War of Independence caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies. British attention soon turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars (1803\u20131815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century. Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as Pax Britannica (\"British Peace\"), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815\u20131914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. In the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain; so that by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851, the country was described as the \"workshop of the world\". The British Empire expanded to include most of India, large parts of Africa and many other territories throughout the world. Alongside the formal control that Britain exerted over its own colonies, its dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions, such as Asia and Latin America.During the 19th century, Britain's population increased at a dramatic rate, accompanied by rapid urbanisation, which caused significant social and economic stresses. To seek new markets and sources of raw materials, the British government under Benjamin Disraeli initiated a period of imperial expansion in Egypt, South Africa, and elsewhere. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand became self-governing dominions.By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States had begun to challenge Britain's economic lead. Subsequent military and economic tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily upon its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on the military, financial and manpower resources of Britain. Although the British Empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after World War I, Britain was no longer the world's pre-eminent industrial or military power. In the Second World War, Britain's colonies in East and Southeast Asia were occupied by Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige helped to accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence as part of a larger decolonisation movement in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the empire. The Suez Crisis confirmed Britain's decline as a global power. The transfer of Hong Kong to China in 1997 marked for many the end of the British Empire. Fourteen overseas territories remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. The United Kingdom is now one of 16 Commonwealth nations, a grouping known informally as the Commonwealth realms, that share a monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II.", "Q157259": "John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, (18 August 1792 \u2013 28 May 1878), known by his courtesy title Lord John Russell before 1861, was a leading Whig and Liberal politician who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1846\u20131852, and 1865\u20131866 during the early Victorian era.\nThe third son of the Duke of Bedford, Russell was educated at Westminister and Edinburgh University, and represented various districts in Commons including the City of London. In 1828 he took a leading role in the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts which discriminated against Protestant dissenters. In 1829 he was a leader in support of Catholic emancipation. He was a prominent leader in passing the Great Reform Act of 1832. It was the first major reform of the representative system in two centuries, and the first step on the road to democracy and away from rule by the aristocracy and landed gentry. He favoured reduction of the property qualifications to vote but never advocated universal suffrage. He served in many high offices over the decades, including home secretary and colonial Secretary under Melbourne; he was leader of the house under Aberdeen; he was foreign secretary under Aberdeen and Palmerston. He was outspoken on many issues, calling for the repeal of the corn laws in 1845, denouncing the revival of Catholic bishoprics in 1850, supporting Italian nationalism, and keeping the nation neutral during the American Civil War. In the 1860s he sympathized with the cause of Poland and Denmark, but took no action as prime minister. Over the years he was closely associated with Palmerston, although there were stormy times as when he helped force Palmerston out as prime minister in 1851, and in revenge Palmerston defeated his government in 1852. Russell often acted before building a consensus among his leadership team. He mishandled the reform movement during the second premiership, and left office only to watch Disraeli carry a strong Reform Bill.On the negative side, he headed a government that failed to deal adequately with the Irish Famine, a disaster which saw the loss of a quarter of Ireland's population. It has been said that his ministry of 1846 to 1852 was the ruin of the Whig party: it never composed a Government again, and his ministry of 1865 to 1866 was very nearly the ruin of the Liberal Party also.", "Q138846": "Andrew Aitken Rooney (January 14, 1919 \u2013 November 4, 2011) was an American radio and television writer who was best known for his weekly broadcast \"A Few Minutes with Andy Rooney\", a part of the CBS News program 60 Minutes from 1978 to 2011. His final regular appearance on 60 Minutes aired on October 2, 2011; he died a month later at the age of 92.", "Q119650": "Arthur Schr\u00f6der (20 February 1892 \u2013 4 February 1986) was a German actor.", "Q3577716": "The \u00c9cole alsacienne is an elite co-educational private school located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris.", "Q161933": "Alberto Moravia (US: moh-RAH-vee-\u0259, -\u2060RAY-, Italian: [al\u02c8b\u025brto mo\u02c8ra\u02d0vja]; born Alberto Pincherle [\u02c8pi\u014bkerle]; November 28, 1907 \u2013 September 26, 1990) was an Italian novelist and journalist. His novels explored matters of modern sexuality, social alienation and existentialism. Moravia is best known for his debut novel Gli indifferenti (1929) and for the anti-fascist novel Il Conformista (The Conformist), the basis for the film The Conformist (1970) directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. Other novels of his adapted for the cinema are Agostino, filmed with the same title by Mauro Bolognini in 1962; Il disprezzo (A Ghost at Noon or Contempt), filmed by Jean-Luc Godard as Le M\u00e9pris (Contempt 1963); La Noia (Boredom), filmed with that title by Damiano Damiani in 1963 and released in the US as The Empty Canvas in 1964 and La ciociara, filmed by Vittorio De Sica as Two Women (1960). C\u00e9dric Kahn's L'Ennui (1998) is another version of La Noia.\nMoravia once remarked that the most important facts of his life had been his illness, a tubercular infection of the bones that confined him to a bed for five years and Fascism, because they both caused him to suffer and do things he otherwise would not have done. \"It is what we are forced to do that forms our character, not what we do of our own free will.\" Moravia was an atheist. His writing was marked by its factual, cold, precise style, often depicting the malaise of the bourgeoisie. It was rooted in the tradition of nineteenth-century narrative, underpinned by high social and cultural awareness. Moravia believed that writers must, if they were to represent reality, \"assume a moral position, a clearly conceived political, social, and philosophical attitude\" but also that, ultimately, \"A writer survives in spite of his beliefs\". Between 1959 and 1962 Moravia was president of PEN International, the worldwide association of writers.", "Q887376": "The Cult are a British rock band formed in 1983. Before settling on their current name in January 1984, the band performed under the name Death Cult, which was an evolution of the name of lead singer Ian Astbury's previous band Southern Death Cult. They gained a dedicated following in the United Kingdom in the mid-1980s as a post-punk/gothic rock band, with singles such as \"She Sells Sanctuary\", before breaking into the mainstream in the United States in the late 1980s establishing themselves as a hard rock band with singles such as \"Love Removal Machine\" and \"Fire Woman\". According to music critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine, the band fuse a \"Hardcore punk revivalist\" sound with the \"pseudo-mysticism ... of the Doors and Uriah Heep and the guitar-orchestrations of Led Zeppelin and The Cure ... while adding touches of post-punk goth rock\". Since the initial formation of Southern Death Cult in Bradford in 1981, the band have had various line-ups; the longest-serving members are Astbury and guitarist Billy Duffy, who are the band's two songwriters.\nAfter moving to London, the band released their second album Love in 1985, which charted at No. 4 in the UK and included singles such as \"She Sells Sanctuary\" and \"Rain\". On their third album, Electric (1987), the band supplemented their post-punk sound with hard rock; the polish on this new sound was facilitated by producer Rick Rubin. Their fourth album, Sonic Temple (1989), proceeded in a similar vein, and these two albums enabled them to break into the North American market. It was also during this period that The Cult relocated to Los Angeles, California, where the band are currently based.The Cult released two more studio albums \u2012 Ceremony (1991) and The Cult (1994) \u2012 before breaking up in 1995, due to internal conflicts. The band reunited in 1999 and released their seventh album Beyond Good and Evil two years later. The Cult went their separate ways once again in 2002, but returned in 2006 to perform a series of worldwide tours, and have since released three more studio albums: Born into This (2007), Choice of Weapon (2012) and Hidden City (2016).", "Q389589": "R\u00e9gis Blach\u00e8re (30 June 1900 \u2013 7 August 1973) was a French orientalist and translator of the Qur'an.", "Q708506": "Lavell William Crump (born April 11, 1974), known professionally as David Banner, is an American rapper, record producer, actor, activist, and philanthropist.Born in Brookhaven, Mississippi, Banner's family moved to Jackson, Mississippi where he was raised. Banner graduated from Southern University and pursued a masters of education at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore. He started his music career as a member of the rap duo, Crooked Lettaz, before going solo in 2000 with the release titled Them Firewater Boyz, Vol. 1.\nIn 2003, Banner signed to Universal Records releasing four albums: Mississippi: The Album (2003), MTA2: Baptized in Dirty Water (2003), Certified (2005), and The Greatest Story Ever Told (2008).\nBanner is also a noted producer, having produced music for himself, Trick Daddy, T.I., Lil Boosie and Lil Wayne among others.", "Q529564": "Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) (English: Association of German Engineers) is an organization with over 150,000 engineers and natural scientists. More than 12,000 honorary experts process the latest findings every year to promote the technology location. Established in 1856, the VDI is today the largest engineering association in Western Europe.\nThe role of the VDI in Germany is comparable to that of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) in the United States or Engineers Australia (EA) in Australia barring the broader field of work of the VDI. The VDI is not a union. The association promotes the advancement of technology and represents the interests of engineers and of engineering businesses in Germany.", "Q680996": "B\u00fclach District (Bezirk B\u00fclach) is one of 12 districts of the Canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland, with some 117,000 inhabitants the third largest in the canton. Its administrative capital is B\u00fclach, the largest municipality is Kloten, the location of Zurich Airport. It includes the Rafzerfeld north of the Rhine, with Rafz, Wil, H\u00fcntwangen and Wasterkingen.\nThe territory of B\u00fclach has been controlled by Z\u00fcrich since 1409, the remaining parts followed in the later 15th century (Eglisau 1496), with the exception of the Rafzerfeld, which was acquired by Z\u00fcrich in 1651.", "Q238140": "Jean Webster (pseudonym for Alice Jane Chandler Webster, July 24, 1876 \u2013 June 11, 1916) was an American writer and author of many books including Daddy-Long-Legs and Dear Enemy. Her best-known books feature lively and likeable young female protagonists who come of age intellectually, morally, and socially, but with enough humor, snappy dialogue, and gently biting social commentary to make her books palatable and enjoyable to contemporary readers.", "Q95684": "Johanna Wolff, n\u00e9e Kielich (born 30 January 1858 in Tilsit, died 3 May 1943 in Orselina, Switzerland) was a popular German writer.", "Q237273": "Salli Elise Richardson-Whitfield (n\u00e9e Richardson; born November 23, 1967) is an American television and film actress and director. Richardson is known for her role as Angela in the film A Low Down Dirty Shame (1994) and for her role as Dr. Allison Blake on the Syfy comedy-drama series Eureka (2006\u20132012).\nShe is also known for her voice acting as Elisa Maza on the Disney animated series Gargoyles (1994\u20131996), and as Viveca Foster on the CBS series Family Law (1999-2002). Richardson also has appeared in a number of other films such as The Great White Hype (1996), Antwone Fisher (2002), Anacondas: The Hunt for the Blood Orchid (2004) and I Am Legend (2007). She had leading roles in the independent films Pastor Brown (2009), Black Dynamite (2009) and I Will Follow (2010). In the 2010s, Richardson started working as a television director.", "Q218290": "For the television series based on the film, see Down and Out in Beverly Hills (TV series)\nDown and Out in Beverly Hills is a 1986 American comedy film based on the French play Boudu sauv\u00e9 des eaux, which had previously been adapted on film in 1932 by Jean Renoir. Down and Out in Beverly Hills was directed by Paul Mazursky, and starred Nick Nolte, Bette Midler and Richard Dreyfuss. The film is about a rich but dysfunctional couple who save the life of a suicidal homeless man. Musician Little Richard also makes an appearance, and contributed the song \"Great Gosh a'Mighty\" to the soundtrack.\nReleased by Touchstone Films, a film label of The Walt Disney Studios, Down and Out in Beverly Hills has the distinction of being the first film released by Disney to receive an R-rating by the MPAA.", "Q11135787": "J\u00f3zef Siemiradzki (March 28, 1858, Kharkov - December 12, 1933, Warsaw) was a Polish , geologist and naturalist and explorer.He was professor of paleontology at the University of Lviv (1901-1933). Siemiradzki studied nature at the University of Tartu.He visited Latin America three times: 1882\u20131883, 1892 and 1895.", "Q698101": "The Greater German People's Party (German Gro\u00dfdeutsche Volkspartei, abbreviated GDVP) was a German nationalist and national liberal political party during the First Republic of Austria, established in 1920.", "Q885561": "Blue-eyed soul (also known as white soul) is rhythm and blues and soul music performed by white artists. The term was coined in the mid-1960s, to describe white artists who performed soul and R&B that was similar to the music of the Motown and Stax record labels. Though many rhythm and blues radio stations in the United States in that period would only play music by black musicians, some began to play music by white acts considered to have \"soul feeling\" and their music was then described as \"blue-eyed soul\".", "Q434521": "Susan Brownmiller (born February 15, 1935) is an American feminist journalist, author, and activist best known for her 1975 book Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape.\nBrownmiller argues that rape had been previously defined by men rather than women, and that men use it as a means of perpetuating male dominance by keeping all women in a state of fear. The New York Public Library selected Against Our Will as one of 100 most important books of the 20th century.", "Q68721": "Hanns Kerrl (11 December 1887 \u2013 15 December 1941) was a German Nazi politician. His most prominent position, from July 1935, was that of Reichsminister of Church Affairs. He was also President of the Prussian Landtag (1932\u20131934) and head of the Zweckverband Reichsparteitag N\u00fcrnberg and in that capacity edited a number of Nuremberg rally yearbooks.\n\n", "Q849619": "Lynwood is a city in Los Angeles County, California. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 69,772, down from 69,845 at the 2000 census. Lynwood is located near South Gate and Compton in the southern portion of the Los Angeles Basin. Incorporated in 1921, the city is named for Lynn Wood Sessions, wife of a local dairyman, Charles Sessions. The local railroad siding and later Pacific Electric Railway station were named after the dairy.", "Q66718": "Leuggern is a municipality in the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q689018": "The Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (German: Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands, SAPD) was a centrist Marxist political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931, the remnants of USPD merged into the party and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters also joined the group as well as a part from the Communist Party Opposition. Nevertheless, its membership remained small. From 1933, the group's members worked illegally against Nazism.\n\nIn his home town of L\u00fcbeck, the young Herbert Karl Frahm, later known as Willy Brandt, joined the SAPD against the advice of his mentor Julius Leber. In his autobiography, Brandt wrote: In autumn 1931, Nazis and German nationalists, the SA and Der Stahlhelm joined together to form the \"Harzburg Front\". [...] It was just at this time that the left wing of the social democrats split off, as a result of measures connected to organisation and discipline by the party leaders. A few Reichstag assemblymen, a number of active party groups \u2013 above all in Saxony \u2013 and not least a large proportion of young Socialists followed the people who were calling for the founding of a Socialist Workers' Party.\nIn 1934, the youth of SAPD took part in the foundation of the International Bureau of Revolutionary Youth Organizations. The congress was held in the Netherlands and broken up by Dutch police. Several SAPD delegates were handed over to German authorities. The congress then re-convened in Lille. Brandt was elected to the Secretariat of the organization and worked in Norway for the Bureau.\nThe SAPD was affiliated to the International Revolutionary Marxist Centre, but it broke with the main party of that international (the Independent Labour Party) over the question of the united front and popular front.\nDuring the Second World War, some SAPD members emigrated to Great Britain and worked for the party there. Many of those became members of the SPD, therefore the SAPD was not re-founded anew after the Second World War. Willy Brandt eventually became the leader of the SPD, one of West Germany's major political parties of the modern era, being elected Chancellor of Germany in 1969.", "Q11590": "Phyllis Ann Fox is an American mathematician and computer scientist.", "Q60369": "Jakob Wassermann (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05d5\u05e1\u05e8\u05de\u05df\u200e; March 10, 1873 \u2013 January 1, 1934) was a German writer and novelist of Jewish descent.", "Q78526": "Nikolaus Harnoncourt (Johann Nikolaus Harnoncourt, nobility historically Johann Nikolaus Graf de la Fontaine und d'Harnoncourt-Unverzagt; 6 December 1929 \u2013 5 March 2016) was an Austrian conductor, particularly known for his historically informed performances of music from the Classical era and earlier. Starting out as a classical cellist, he founded his own period instrument ensemble, Concentus Musicus Wien, in the 1950s, and became a pioneer of the Early Music movement. Around 1970, Harnoncourt started to conduct opera and concert performances, soon leading renowned international symphony orchestras, and appearing at leading concert halls, operatic venues and festivals. His repertoire then widened to include composers of the 19th and 20th centuries. In 2001 and 2003, he conducted the Vienna New Year's Concert. Harnoncourt was also the author of several books, mostly on subjects of performance history and musical aesthetics.", "Q1316912": "Robert Timothy Wilkins (January 16, 1896 \u2013 May 26, 1987) was an American country blues guitarist and vocalist, of African-American and Cherokee descent. His distinction was his versatility: he could play ragtime, blues, minstrel songs, and gospel music with equal facility.", "Q965495": "Vinko \"Vice\" Vukov (3 August 1936 \u2013 24 September 2008) was a Croatian singer and politician.", "Q77615": "Richard Julius Hermann Krebs (December 17, 1905 - January 1, 1951), better known by his alias Jan Valtin, was a German writer during the interwar period. He settled in the United States in 1938, and in 1940 (as Valtin) wrote his bestselling book Out of the Night.", "Q20995": "Ahn Cheol-soo (Korean: \uc548\ucca0\uc218 [an t\u0255\u02b0\u028cl.s\u0348u]; born 26 February 1962) is a South Korean politician, medical doctor, businessperson and software entrepreneur. A two-time former presidential election candidate in 2012 and 2017, Ahn was the Bareunmirae Party's candidate for the Seoul mayorship in 2018.He ran as an independent candidate for the presidential election in 2012, but withdrew a month before the election took place to support Moon Jae-in whom he ran against in 2017 as the People's Party nominee. He was a founding co-leader and the party leader of the People's Party until his party and Bareun Party merged as Bareunmirae Party in February 2018.\nPrior to politics, Ahn founded AhnLab, Inc., an antivirus software company, in 1995. He was chairman of the board and Chief Learning Officer of AhnLab until September 2012, and remains the company's largest stakeholder. Prior to entering politics, Ahn served as dean of the Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology at Seoul National University until September 2012.\n\n", "Q68735": "Essertines-sur-Yverdon is a municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q152335": "L\u00e1szl\u00f3 S\u00f3lyom (Hungarian: S\u00f3lyom L\u00e1szl\u00f3, pronounced [\u02c8\u0283o\u02d0jom \u02c8la\u02d0slo\u02d0]; born 3 January 1942) is a Hungarian political figure, lawyer, and librarian who was President of Hungary from 2005 until 2010. Previously he was Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Hungary from 1990 to 1998.\n\n", "Q67406": "Golaten is a former municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipality of Golaten merged into the municipality of Kallnach.", "Q263636": "Dee Palmer, formerly David Palmer (London, 2 July 1937), is an English composer, arranger, and keyboardist best known for having been a member of the progressive rock group Jethro Tull from 1972 to 1980.", "Q1372258": "Tokuma Shoten Publishing Co., Ltd. (\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\u5fb3\u9593\u66f8\u5e97, Kabushiki gaisha Tokuma Shoten) is a publisher in Japan, headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. The company was established in 1954 by Yasuyoshi Tokuma in Minato, Tokyo. The company\u2019s product portfolio includes music publishing, video game publishing, movies, anime, magazines, manga and books.\nCompanies that were part of Tokuma Shoten include Studio Ghibli, Daiei Film and the record label Tokuma Japan Communications. After the founder of the company, Yasuyoshi Tokuma died on September 20, 2000, an asset management occurred. Tokuma Shoten executed a corporate spin-off with Studio Ghibli, turning the company\u2019s anime division as a separate company again in 2005. Tokuma Shoten sold off Tokuma Japan Communications to Daiichi Kosho in October 2001, and Daiei Films was purchased by Kadokawa Corporation in November 2002.\nSince 2005, the company has streamlined itself to focus solely on the publication of print media and the airing of its adapted properties to TV and feature film. On 17 March 2017, the company was acquired by Culture Convenience Club. The deal was completed at the end of March.", "Q908645": "Brendan Benson (born November 14, 1970) is an American musician and singer-songwriter. He plays guitar, bass guitar, keyboard, and drums. He has released six solo albums and is a member of the band The Raconteurs.", "Q235470": "Martha Craven Nussbaum (, born 1947) is an American philosopher and the current Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago, where she is jointly appointed in the law school and the philosophy department. She has a particular interest in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, political philosophy, feminism, and ethics, including animal rights. She also holds associate appointments in classics, divinity, and political science, is a member of the Committee on Southern Asian Studies, and a board member of the Human Rights Program. She previously taught at Harvard and Brown.Nussbaum is the author of a number of books, including The Fragility of Goodness (1986), Cultivating Humanity: A Classical Defense of Reform in Liberal Education (1997), Sex and Social Justice (1998), Hiding from Humanity: Disgust, Shame, and the Law (2004), Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership (2006), and From Disgust to Humanity: Sexual Orientation and Constitutional Law (2010). She received the 2016 Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy and the 2018 Berggruen Prize.", "Q97087": "Carl Horst Hahn (born 1 July 1926) is a German businessman and former head of the Volkswagen Group from 1982 to 1993. He served as the chairman of the board of management of the parent company, Volkswagen AG (formerly Volkswagenwerk AG). During his tenure, the group's car production increased from two million units in 1982 to 3.5 million a decade later.", "Q110106": "Julius Axelrod (May 30, 1912 \u2013 December 29, 2004) was an American biochemist. He won a share of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 along with Bernard Katz and Ulf von Euler. The Nobel Committee honored him for his work on the release and reuptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters, a class of chemicals in the brain that include epinephrine, norepinephrine, and, as was later discovered, dopamine. Axelrod also made major contributions to the understanding of the pineal gland and how it is regulated during the sleep-wake cycle.", "Q182464": "Marc Singer (born January 29, 1948) is a Canadian-born American actor best known for his roles in the Beastmaster film series, as Mike Donovan in the original 1980s TV series V, and his role in Dallas as Matt Cantrell.", "Q108749": "Jolanthe von Brandenstein (15 August 1925 \u2013 4 February 2019), known by her pen name Leonie Ossowski, was a German writer. She also wrote under the name Jo Tiedemann. She wrote novels, including the novel for young adults Die gro\u00dfe Flatter which was filmed as an award-winning TV play, screenplays such as for Zwei M\u00fctter, stories and non-fiction books. Notable awards include the Hermann Kesten Medal of the Pen Centre and the Adolf-Grimme-Preis.\n\n", "Q8694": "Manchester Airport (IATA: MAN, ICAO: EGCC) is an international airport at Ringway, Manchester, England, 7.5 nautical miles (13.9 km; 8.6 mi) south-west of Manchester city centre. In 2016, it was the third busiest airport in the United Kingdom in terms of passenger numbers and the busiest of those not serving London. The airport comprises three passenger terminals and a goods terminal, and is the only airport in the UK other than Heathrow Airport to operate two runways over 3,280 yd (2,999 m) in length. Manchester Airport covers an area of 560 hectares (1,400 acres) and has flights to 199 destinations, placing the airport thirteenth globally for total destinations served.Officially opened on 25 June 1938, it was initially known as Ringway Airport, and is still called this locally. In World War II, as RAF Ringway, it was a base for the Royal Air Force. The airport is owned and managed by the Manchester Airport Holdings (trading as MAG), a holding company owned by the Australian finance house IFM Investors and the ten metropolitan borough councils of Greater Manchester, with Manchester City Council owning the largest stake. Ringway, after which the airport was named, is a village with a few buildings and church at the southern edge of the airport.\nFuture developments include the \u00a3800 million Airport City Manchester logistics, manufacturing, office and hotel space next to the airport. Ongoing and future transport improvements include the \u00a3290 million Eastern Link relief road, which opened in October 2018. A High Speed 2 station known as Manchester Interchange, is earmarked for opening in 2033, will create a regular sub-10-minute shuttle service for connecting rail passengers between central Manchester and the Airport while relieving stress on the Styal Line to the Airport from Manchester which has become one of the most congested routes on the National Rail network.After the airport handled a record 27.8 million passengers in 2017, it is currently undergoing a major expansion programme to double the size of Terminal 2, with the first elements opening in 2019. The \u00a31 billion expansion will be completed in 2024 and enable the Terminal 2 to handle 35 million passengers. Capacity exists for up to 50 million passengers annually with two runways, however this potential figure is limited by the airport's restriction to 61 aircraft movements per hour as well as existing terminal sizes to effectively process arrivals and departures.", "Q159260": "Santa Clara () is a city in Santa Clara County, California. The city's population was 116,468 as of the 2010 United States Census, making it the ninth-most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area. Located on the southern coast of San Francisco Bay immediately west of San Jose and 45 miles (72 km) southeast of San Francisco, the city was founded in 1777 with the establishment of Mission Santa Clara de As\u00eds, the eighth of 21 California missions. The city was later incorporated in 1852. The mission, the city, and the county are all named for Saint Clare of Assisi.Santa Clara is located in the center of Silicon Valley and is home to the headquarters of several high-tech companies such as Intel. It is also home to Santa Clara University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of California, which was built around Mission Santa Clara de As\u00eds. Levi's Stadium, the home of the National Football League's San Francisco 49ers, is located in the city. Santa Clara is bordered by San Jose on all sides, except for Sunnyvale to the west, and Cupertino to the west.", "Q128499": "Yalta (Crimean Tatar: Yalta; Russian: \u042f\u0301\u043b\u0442\u0430; Ukrainian: \u042f\u0301\u043b\u0442\u0430) is a resort city on the south coast of the Crimean Peninsula surrounded by the Black Sea. It serves as the administrative center of Yalta Municipality, one of the regions within Crimea. Population: 76,746 (2014 Census).The city is located on the site of an ancient Greek colony, said to have been founded by the Greek conquerors who were looking for a safe shore \u2013 yalos in Greek) on which to land. It is situated on a deep bay facing south towards the Black Sea, surrounded by the mountain range Ai-Petri. It has a warm humid subtropical climate and is surrounded by numerous vineyards and orchards.The term \"Greater Yalta\" is used to designate a part of the Crimean southern coast spanning from Foros in the west to Gurzuf in the east and including the city of Yalta and multiple adjacent urban settlements.", "Q514197": "Eugene Victor Hoglan II (born August 31, 1967) is an American drummer, acclaimed for his creativity in drum arrangements, including use of abstract devices for percussion effects and his trademark lengthy double-kick drum rhythms. His highly technical playing is extremely accurate at very high and challenging tempos, earning him the nicknames \"The Atomic Clock\" and \"Human Drum Machine\".\nHe is best known for his work with Dark Angel, Death, Strapping Young Lad, Devin Townsend, Fear Factory, Dethklok and Testament. Hoglan completed work on Dethklok's fourth album The Doomstar Requiem, which was released in October 2013. He released the highly successful Gene Hoglan: The Atomic Clock DVD, and rejoined Testament to record the drum tracks for their tenth album, Dark Roots of Earth, released in July 2012.\nHoglan was featured on the cover of Modern Drummer magazine November 2010. He also won Terrorizer magazine's Reader's Poll for Best Drummer 2010, and Modern Drummer magazine nominated Hoglan for Best Metal Drummer, and Best Recorded Performance (for Dethklok's Dethalbum II) on their 2011 ballot. He was nominated for Best Drummer in Revolver magazine's 2010 Reader's Poll.", "Q7301138": "A real estate entrepreneur or a real estate investor to a lesser extent is someone who actively or passively invests in real estate. An active investor may buy a property, make repairs and/or improvements to the property, and sell it later for a profit. A passive investor might hire a real estate firm to find and manage an investment property for them. Typically, investors choose real estate for several reasons: cash flow, capital appreciation, depreciation, tax benefits and leverage.\nAppreciation occurs over time, generally, though an investor may \"force the equity\" in a property by making enhancements to it or the surrounding environment to increase its value. In general, residential real estate is valued by the \"comparable sales\" method which estimates the value of property under the principle of substitution. The method estimates property values by comparing a subject property to similar properties sold in similar locations within a recent period of time.\nDepreciation is one of the many benefits afforded to real estate investors. Though the property is actually increasing in value, the government allows owners to systematically depreciate the property over its projected useful life span. Depreciation is an allowable tax deduction. In addition to depreciation, an investor will usually claim the interest portion of his monthly mortgage payment as a tax deduction.Leverage is a powerful reason for investing in real estate. If an investor used 100% cash to acquire a house worth $100,000, and the house increased in value by $5,000 in one year, then the investor made a return of 5% (assuming no other costs in this case). However, if the investor obtained 95% financing, only $5,000 cash would be required at the closing table, and a bank or other lender would loan the remaining $95,000 to acquire the property.Assuming the same $5,000 increase in value, the investor's cash contribution of $5,000 would yield an increase in equity of $5,000 in one year, a 100% return. Leverage works in the opposite manner as well. A $1,000 decrease in value would produce a negative 20% return on the $5,000 investment.\nReal estate investing has become quite popular in recent years due to rising property values and low interest rates. However, Deflation in property values or a sharp increase in interest rates would dampen the market considerably.", "Q494783": "Usun Yoon (born 27 May 1977) is a South Korean actress and reporter who lives in Spain.", "Q65211": "Brienzwiler is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Besides the village of Brienzwiler, the municipality also includes the settlement of Balmhof.", "Q119644": "Ilse Meudtner (1 November 1912 \u2013 18 July 1990) was a German diver. She competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in the 3 m springboard and finished fourth.Between 1934 and 1940 Meudtner was a solo dancer at the Berlin State Opera, and during World War II she performed abroad. After the war she married a Dutch man and became a Dutch citizen. An injury in 1955 ended her dancing career. Since 1964 she worked as a journalist in Madrid.\n\n", "Q139594": "Zachary Burr Abel (born September 4, 1980) is an American actor, who is perhaps best known for portraying Carter Anderson in the ABC Family series Make It or Break It. For his role of Carter Anderson he has been nominated for 2010 Teen Choice Awards in the category of Choice Summer TV Star Male but lost to Ian Harding of Pretty Little Liars.", "Q116577": "Thomas Platter the Younger (; German: [\u02c8plat\u0250]; c. 24 July 1574 in Basel \u2013 4 December 1628 in Basel) was a Swiss-born physician, traveller and diarist, the son of the humanist Thomas Platter the Elder.\nThe foremost record of Platter's life is the manuscript journal he kept, written in German, between around 1595 and 1600. It details his life as a medical student in Montpellier and his later travels in France, Spain, Flanders, and England. The diary supplies detail on many aspects of late sixteenth-century European culture: medical education (including dissections), street and carnival life in Barcelona, European theatre, and the practicalities of the slave trade.Perhaps the most studied section of Platter's diary is his account of a 1599 trip to London with his older half-brother, Felix Platter, including a visit on 21 September, \"at about two o'clock\", to the Globe Theatre, where Platter saw an early production of Julius Caesar. His account provides Shakespeare scholars with evidence for the dating of that play.\n\n", "Q574663": "Anti-Flag is an American punk rock band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The band is well known for its politically charged lyrics and activism, focusing on human rights and various left-wing causes. The line-up includes singer/guitarist Justin Sane and drummer Pat Thetic, who founded the band together; later members are guitarist Chris Head, and singer/bassist Chris Barker (#2) who replaced Jamie \"Cock\" Towns, who had replaced original bassist Andy Flag in 1997 following his departure one year prior. Anti-Flag is known also for their advocacy of progressive political action groups such as Greenpeace and Amnesty International. Most recently, the band has declared solidarity with the global Occupy Together movement.", "Q416794": "Akbar Ganji (Persian: \u0627\u06a9\u0628\u0631 \u06af\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u200e English pronunciation , born 31 January 1960 in Tehran) is an Iranian journalist and writer. He has been described as \"Iran's preeminent political dissident\", and a \"wildly popular pro-democracy journalist\" who has crossed press censorship \"red lines\" regularly. A supporter of the Islamic revolution as a youth, he became disenchanted in the mid-1990s and served time in Tehran's Evin Prison from 2001 to 2006 after publishing a series of stories on the murder of dissident authors known as the Chain Murders of Iran. While in prison he issued a manifesto which established him as the first \"prominent dissident, believing Muslim and former revolutionary\" to call for a replacement of Iran's theocratic system with \"a democracy\".Having been named honorary citizen of many European cities and awarded distinctions for his writing and civil, Ganji has won several international awards for his work, including the World Association of Newspapers' Golden Pen of Freedom Award, Canadian Journalists for Free Expression's International Press Freedom Award, the Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders, the Cato Institute Milton Friedman Prize for Advancing Liberty and the John Humphrey Freedom Award.", "Q170194": "Princess Astrid of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este (born 5 June 1962), is the second child and first daughter of King Albert II and Queen Paola, and younger sister to the current Belgian monarch, King Philippe. She is married to Prince Lorenz of Belgium, head of the Austria-Este branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and is fifth in line of succession to the Belgian throne.", "Q97939": "Werner Schumacher (born 4 May 1921 in Berlin - died 18 April 2004 in Vienna) was a German actor. From 1971 until 1986 he starred in the S\u00fcddeutscher Rundfunk version of the popular television crime series Tatort.", "Q147738": "Saint Helier (; French: Saint-H\u00e9lier; Norman: Saint H\u00e9lyi) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey, the largest of the Channel Islands in the English Channel. St Helier has a population of about 33,500, roughly 34.2% of the total population of Jersey, and is the capital of the Island (although Government House is situated in St Saviour). The urban area of the parish of St Helier makes up most of the largest town in Jersey, although some of the town area is situated in adjacent St Saviour, with suburbs sprawling into St Lawrence and St Clement. The greater part of St Helier is rural.\nThe parish covers a surface area of 4.1 square miles (10.6 km2), being 9% of the total land area of the Island (this includes reclaimed land area of 494 acres (2.00 km2) or 200 ha).\nThe parish arms are two crossed gold axes on a blue background, the blue symbolising the sea, and the axes symbolising the martyrdom of Helier at the hands of Saxon pirates in 555 AD.", "Q65577": "Roggwil is a municipality in the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q2848534": "Andr\u00e9 F. Richard (December 16, 1906 \u2013 May 13, 1993) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1957 to 1974 as member of the Liberal party.", "Q12927": "Marion Anne Perrine \"Marine\" Le Pen (French: [ma\u0281in l\u0259 p\u025bn]; born 5 August 1968) is a French politician and lawyer serving as President of the National Rally political party (previously named National Front) since 2011, with a brief interruption in 2017. She has been the member of the National Assembly for Pas-de-Calais's 11th constituency since 18 June 2017.\nShe is the youngest daughter of Jean-Marie Le Pen and the aunt of former FN MP Marion Mar\u00e9chal. Le Pen joined the FN in 1986 and was elected as a Regional Councillor (1998\u2013present), a Member of European Parliament (2004\u20132017), and a municipal councillor in H\u00e9nin-Beaumont (2008\u20132011). She won the leadership of the FN in 2011, with 67.65% of the vote, defeating Bruno Gollnisch and succeeding her father, who had been president of the party since he founded it in 1972. In 2012, she placed third in the presidential election with 17.90% of the vote, behind Fran\u00e7ois Hollande and Nicolas Sarkozy. She launched a second bid to become President of France at the 2017 presidential election. She finished second in the first round of the election, with 21.30% of the vote, and faced Emmanuel Macron of centrist party En Marche! in the second round of voting. On 7 May 2017, she conceded after receiving approximately 33.9% of the vote in the second round.Described as more republican than her nationalist father, Le Pen has led a movement of \"de-demonization of the National Front\" to soften its image, based on renovated positions and renewed teams, and expelling controversial members accused of racism, antisemitism, or P\u00e9tainism. She expelled her father from the party on 20 August 2015, after he made new controversial statements. She has also relaxed some political positions of the party, advocating for civil unions for same-sex couples instead of her party's previous opposition to legal recognition of same-sex partnerships, accepting unconditional abortion and withdrawing the death penalty from her platform. A vocal opponent of the United States and NATO, she has pledged to remove France from their spheres of influence.Le Pen was featured by Time as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2011 and 2015. In 2016, she was ranked by Politico as the second-most influential MEP in the European Parliament, after President of the European Parliament Martin Schulz.\n\n", "Q88819": "Max Burckhard (14 July 1854, Korneuburg, Lower Austria - 16 March 1912, Vienna) was director of the Burgtheater, Vienna, from 1890 to 1898.\nMax Burckhard, a lawyer, was the artistic director of the Burgtheater when it opened as the \u201cNeue Haus am Ring\u201d on 12 May 1890. He remained director until 1898. He introduced Sunday matinees at a reduced cost to widen the theatre's potential audience. He later remarked that the less wealthy audiences were the most \"critically acute\". As director, he remodeled the auditorium in the spring and summer of 1897, and introduced contemporary drama by Henrik Ibsen, Gerhart Hauptmann, Arthur Schnitzler, Hugo von Hofmannsthal to the Viennese audience as well as Austrian classics of Ludwig Anzengruber and Ferdinand Raimund. He hired such famous actors as Adele Sandrock, Otto Tre\u00dfler, Hedwig Bleibtreu, and Josef Kainz but was pressured to resign after having \"aroused the displeasure of the Christian Social Party\".", "Q703321": "Joseph Jean-Pierre Marc Garneau, (born February 23, 1949) is a Canadian politician and the Minister of Transport in the Government of Canada. He is a retired military officer, former astronaut, and engineer; Garneau was the first Canadian in space, taking part in three flights aboard NASA Space Shuttles in 1984, 1996 and 2000. Garneau was the president of the Canadian Space Agency from 2001 to 2006, and in 2003 was installed as the ninth Chancellor of Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario.Garneau has served as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Notre-Dame-de-Gr\u00e2ce\u2014Westmount, and its predecessor Westmount\u2014Ville-Marie, in Montreal since the 2008 federal election, winning by over 9000 votes. He was re-elected to the House of Commons in the 2011 federal election by 642 votes, and in the 2015 federal election with a majority of over 18,000. Previously, he unsuccessfully stood in the riding of Vaudreuil-Soulanges at the 2006 federal election.\nOn November 28, 2012, Garneau announced his candidacy for the leadership of the Liberal Party of Canada to be decided in April 2013. On March 13, 2013, Garneau formally withdrew his bid for the party leadership. On November 4, 2015, Garneau was appointed as Minister of Transport in the 29th Canadian Ministry.", "Q4273954": "Ben Silbermann (born July 14, 1982) is an American billionaire Internet entrepreneur. He is the co-founder and CEO of Pinterest, a visual discovery engine, which lets users organize images, links, recipes and other things.\n\n", "Q106002": "Johan Albrecht de Mandelslo (1616\u20131644) was a seventeenth-century German adventurer, who wrote about his travels through Iran (Persia) and India. Born at Sch\u00f6nberg in Mecklenburg, Germany. After traveling to Isfahan with a diplomatic mission, he separated from the party and made his way to India, where he made interesting observations on the Mughal Empire, then ruled by Shah Jahan. In 1638, Mandelslo visited the ruins at Persepolis in Persia; his name and the year can be found inscribed in the Gate of All Nations at the entrance to the site. Arriving at the port of Surat in April 1638, he moved on to Ahmedabad and Agra. While his observations of life in the capital are useful, he apparently heard nothing about the Taj Mahal, then in its sixth year of construction. The omission may stem from his premature departure from the city, prompted by a chance meeting with the relative of a man he had killed in Persia. Fearing reprisals, he retreated to Lahore before continuing his journey through the empire's southern provinces and travelling on to the Far East. Mandelslo is an engaging and cheerful writer, whose enthusiasm for indiscriminately shooting wildlife (including snakes, buffalo and monkeys) did not endear him to his Indian travelling companions.\n\n", "Q1209826": "Richard Vincent Van Patten (December 9, 1928 \u2013 June 23, 2015) was an American actor, businessman, and animal welfare advocate, whose career spans seven decades of television. He was best known for his role as patriarch Tom Bradford on the ABC television comedy-drama Eight Is Enough.\nVan Patten began work as a child actor and was successful on the New York stage, appearing in more than a dozen plays as a teenager. He worked in radio, on Duffy's Tavern. He later starred in numerous television roles including the long-running CBS television series, \"Mama\" and Young Doctor Malone. Later, he would star or co-star in many feature films, including Charly, Mel Brooks's Robin Hood: Men in Tights and Spaceballs, and Charlton Heston's Soylent Green. Van Patten was the founder of Natural Balance Pet Foods and National Guide Dog Month.", "Q25153": "Angelo Branduardi (born 12 February 1950) is an Italian folk/folk rock singer-songwriter and composer who scored relative success in Italy and European countries such as France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands and Greece.", "Q1868": "Paul Marie Ghislain Otlet (; French: [\u0254tle]; 23 August 1868 \u2013 10 December 1944) was a Belgian author, entrepreneur, visionary, lawyer and peace activist; he is one of several people who have been considered the father of information science, a field he called \"documentation\". Otlet created the Universal Decimal Classification, one of the most prominent examples of faceted classification. Otlet was responsible for the widespread adoption in Europe of the standard American 3x5 inch index card used until recently in most library catalogs around the world (by now largely displaced by the advent of the online public access catalog (OPAC)). Otlet wrote numerous essays on how to collect and organize the world's knowledge, culminating in two books, the Trait\u00e9 de Documentation (1934) and Monde: Essai d'universalisme (1935).In 1907, following a huge international conference, Otlet and Henri La Fontaine created the Central Office of International Associations, which was renamed to the Union of International Associations in 1910, and which is still located in Brussels. They also created a great international center called at first Palais Mondial (World Palace), later, the Mundaneum to house the collections and activities of their various organizations and institutes.\nOtlet and La Fontaine were peace activists who endorsed the internationalist politics of the League of Nations and its International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (the forerunner of UNESCO). Otlet and La Fontaine witnessed an unprecedented proliferation of information, resulting in the creation of new kinds of international organization. They saw in this organization an emerging global polity, and wished to help solidify it. La Fontaine won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1913.", "Q192111": "Yun Chi-ho (Korean: \uc724\uce58\ud638, hanja: \u5c39\u81f4\u660a, 1864 \u2013 1945) was an important political activist and thinker during the late 1800s and early 1900s in Joseon Korea. His penname was Jwa-ong (\uc88c\uc639, \u4f50\u7fc1); his courtesy name was Sungheum (\uc131\ud760;\u8056\u6b3d), or Sungheum (\uc131\ud760;\u6210\u6b3d). Yun was a prominent member of reformist organizations such as the Independence Club (\ub3c5\ub9bd\ud611\ud68c;\u7368\u7acb\u5354\u6703), led by Seo Jae-pil, the People's Joint Association (\ub9cc\ubbfc\uacf5\ub3d9\ud68c;\u842c\u6c11\u5171\u540c\u6703), and the Shinminhwae (\uc2e0\ubbfc\ud68c;\u65b0\u6c11\u6703). He was a strong nationalist especially in his early years; pushing for reform and modernization of the Joseon government. He also served in various government positions and was a strong supporter of Christianity in Korea.Although Yun's early years were filled with strong support of patriotic and nationalist movements, there seemed to have been a change in Yun's approach to Korean independence in the wake of the Japanese dominance in Korea, starting with Korea becoming a protectorate of Japan in 1905, and then fully annexed into the Japanese Empire in 1910. Because of Yun's apparent change in attitude toward Korean independence and his lack of support of nationalist movements, like the 1919 Samil Movement, many Koreans today see him as a collaborator with the Japanese.Yun Chi-ho was a member of one of the prominent yangban families of Korea. Son of General Yun Ung-nyeol, who served as a minister in the Joseon government. he attended Vanderbilt University in Tennessee before transferring to Emory University in Georgia. He was also an early leader of the Korean YMCA and a South Korean Methodist.\n\n", "Q225105": "NU'EST (Korean: \ub274\uc774\uc2a4\ud2b8; short for New Establish Style Tempo) is a South Korean boy band formed by Pledis Entertainment. The group consists of five members: JR, Aron, Baekho, Minhyun, and Ren. They debuted on March 15, 2012, with the digital single \"Face\".\n\n", "Q449290": "Alvin Youngblood Hart (born Gregory Edward Hart; March 2, 1963) is a Grammy Award-winning American musician.", "Q232479": "Sabrina Debora Salerno, also known as Sabrina, (born 15 March 1968) is an Italian singer, songwriter, record producer, glamour model, actress and television presenter.\nDuring her career, she has sold over 20 million records worldwide and scored 10 international hits, including 3 number ones. Internationally, she is best known for her 1987 single \"Boys (Summertime Love)\", which topped the charts in France and Switzerland, and peaked at No. 3 in the UK. The song was accompanied by a provocative music video, which established Sabrina's image as a sex symbol. Her other popular recordings include \"All of Me (Boy Oh Boy)\", \"My Chico\", \"Like a Yo-Yo\", \"Gringo\", \"Siamo donne\" and \"Call Me\".", "Q370138": "Otello Toso (22 February 1914 \u2013 15 March 1966) was an Italian film and stage actor.\nBorn in Padua, Toso graduated from the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in 1939 and immediately later he started his film career. He was particularly prolific in the 1940s, in films in which he usually starred negative characters. After World War II Toso mostly starred in melodramas and genre films, except for Juan Antonio Bardem's Death of a Cyclist. He died at 52 in a car accident in Pieve di Curtarolo, near Padua.", "Q36649": "The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts, and architecture. Many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts also involve aspects of visual arts as well as arts of other types. Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art.Current usage of the term \"visual arts\" includes fine art as well as the applied or decorative arts and crafts, but this was not always the case. Before the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th century, the term 'artist' had for some centuries often been restricted to a person working in the fine arts (such as painting, sculpture, or printmaking) and not the decorative arts, craft, or applied Visual arts media. The distinction was emphasized by artists of the Arts and Crafts Movement, who valued vernacular art forms as much as high forms. Art schools made a distinction between the fine arts and the crafts, maintaining that a craftsperson could not be considered a practitioner of the arts.\nThe increasing tendency to privilege painting, and to a lesser degree sculpture, above other arts has been a feature of Western art as well as East Asian art. In both regions painting has been seen as relying to the highest degree on the imagination of the artist, and the furthest removed from manual labour \u2013 in Chinese painting the most highly valued styles were those of \"scholar-painting\", at least in theory practiced by gentleman amateurs. The Western hierarchy of genres reflected similar attitudes.", "Q913265": "Brian Joseph Yale (born November 14, 1968) is the bass guitarist for the band Matchbox Twenty and has been nominated for four Grammy Awards.", "Q152453": "Keri Lynn Hilson (born December 5, 1982) is an American singer, songwriter, vocal arranger and actress. She was born and raised in Decatur, Georgia and spent most of her youth working with producer Anthony Dent as a songwriter and background vocalist for several R&B and hip hop artists. By the age of 14, Hilson had secured a record deal with the girl group D'Signe, who later disbanded. She attended Oxford College of Emory University in Georgia, while she continued writing songs for artists, including Britney Spears, The Pussycat Dolls, and Mary J. Blige, with the production and songwriting team The Clutch. In 2006, Hilson signed with American rapper and producer Timbaland's record label Mosley Music. Her breakthrough came in 2007 after appearing on Timbaland's single \"The Way I Are\", which topped charts around the world.\nHilson's music style is R&B, hip hop, and pop; womanhood, sexual intimacy and love are the typical themes. Her musical influences come from her father's side of the family. Hilson's debut studio album, In a Perfect World..., was released in 2009, and debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 chart, eventually being certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The album spawned the hit singles \"Knock You Down\", \"Turnin Me On\" and \"I Like\". It also earned Hilson two Grammy Award nominations for Best New Artist and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for \"Knock You Down\". Her second studio album, No Boys Allowed, was released in 2010 and was considerably less successful than its predecessor; however, it included the platinum single \"Pretty Girl Rock\". In 2016 Hilson announced that her upcoming third studio album would be titled L.I.A.R. The album has yet to be released, and for the past eight years Hilson has not released any new music of her own.\nBesides her music career, Hilson has also contributed to various charities and pursued a career in acting, but she continues to record and perform music. She has contributed in the fight against HIV and AIDS, helped various relief efforts for natural disasters, and became involved with several educational organizations. In 2012, Hilson made her acting debut in the romantic comedy film Think Like a Man. Her achievements include a BET Award, MOBO Award, NAACP Image Award and two Soul Train Music Awards.", "Q191418": "Zeppelin is a 1971 British World War I action-drama directed by \u00c9tienne P\u00e9rier in Panavision and Technicolor. The film stars Michael York, Elke Sommer and Anton Diffring. Zeppelin depicts a fictitious German attempt to raid Great Britain in a giant Zeppelin to steal or destroy Magna Carta from its hiding place in one of Scotland's castles.\n\n", "Q4717943": "Alex Waislitz (born 1958) is an Australian businessman.\nWaislitz has been a member of the Collingwood Football Club Board of Directors since 1998 and is currently their vice-president. He has made many donations to the club.", "Q83794": "Kh\u016bsh\u0101l Kh\u0101n Kha\u1e6d\u1e6dak (1613 \u2013 25 February 1689; Pashto: \u062e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u067c\u06a9\u200e), also called Khushal Baba (Pashto: \u062e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u200e), was an Afghan and Pashtun warrior, poet, chief, and freedom-fighter of the Khattak tribe of the Pashtuns. Khushal preached the union of all Pashtuns, and encouraged revolt against the Mughal Empire, promoting Pashtun nationalism through poetry. Khushal was the first Afghan mentor who presents his theories for the unity of the Pashtun tribes against foreign forces and the creation of a nation-state. Khushal wrote many works in Pashto but also a few in Persian. Khushal is considered the \"father of Pashto literature\" and the national poet of Afghanistan.Khushal's life was spent in struggling against the Mughal Empire who had fluctuating relations with the Pashtuns in what is now Afghanistan, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. In order to restore their freedom, Khushal challenged powers of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and defeated the Mughal troops in many engagements. He was a renowned military fighter who became known as an \"Afghan warrior-poet\". The stand and fight attitude of Khushal was an important stance in Afghan history, and his opinions and ideas form a new stage in the ideological and intellectual development of the Afghans. Besides poetry and prose works, Khushal also wrote various translations from Persian and Arabic into Pashto.", "Q58190": "J\u00e1nos Martonyi (born in Kolozsv\u00e1r, Hungary (today Cluj-Napoca, Romania), 5 April 1944) is a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1998 to 2002 and from 2010 to 2014. He is a member of the Fidesz \u2013 Hungarian Civic Union party. He was part of the Amato Group that unofficially drafted a new treaty for the European Union after the European Constitution was rejected by the French and Dutch voters.\nHe was a member of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP). In April 2007, Hungarian journalist P\u00e9ter Kende reported in a weekly newspaper that Martonyi delivered reports to the Hungarian secret police in the 1960s, and that secret police files confirmed this. According to the files, Martonyi wrote among other things reports on the Hungarian emigrant scene in Germany and France.\n\nOn 29 May 2010 he was reappointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs. His most prominent tasks were the development of a strong and effective foreign policy, and planning for Hungarian Presidency of the European Union from January to July 2011. He visited Slovakia before his inauguration on the occasion of the passing of the Hungarian law allowing citizenship to be given to Hungarians living in neighboring countries. The Slovak government has considered the new law to be an aggressive move, with insufficient negotiation between the two countries. Martonyi said that hysteria in Slovakia is a result of the election campaign there.\nMartonyi's foreign policy's motto was a quote from 17th-century poet Mikl\u00f3s Zr\u00ednyi: \"Don't hurt the Hungarian!\"\nHis first visit abroad was to Serbia. Martonyi mentioned the improved relations between the two countries. He said that Hungary has to help Serbia join the European Union. Martonyi met Vuk Jeremi\u0107 who said the Hungarian EU Presidency will be very important for the integration of the Western Balkan countries. The Hungarian foreign minister also met Prime Minister Mirko Cvetkovi\u0107 and President Boris Tadi\u0107.\nAt the end of the Hungarian Presidency of the European Union he said \"the past six months of Hungary\u2019s EU presidency demonstrated that Europe was able to function and react to challenges, even if sometimes slowly and unevenly\". Martonyi noted that number of integration issues has resolved during EU presidency, including EU enlargement, the approval of the Roma Framework Strategy and the Danube Strategy, completion of accession negotiations with Croatia, as well as progress towards the admission of Romania and Bulgaria to the Schengen zone.Martonyi is a member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts.", "Q162590": "Frederick Preston Cone (September 28, 1871 \u2013 July 28, 1948) was an American politician who served as the 27th Governor of Florida.", "Q271554": "Jennifer Westfeldt (born February 2, 1970) is an American actress and screenwriter known for the 2001 independent film Kissing Jessica Stein, her 2004 Tony nomination for Wonderful Town, and her 2011 film Friends with Kids.", "Q71502": "Johann Friedrich Rochlitz (12 February 1769 \u2013 16 December 1842) was a German playwright, musicologist and art and music critic. His most notable work is his autobiographical account Tage der Gefahr (Days of Danger) about the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 \u2014 in Kunst und Altertum, Goethe called it \"one of the most wondrous productions ever to have been written\". A Friedrich-Rochlitz-Preis for art criticism is named after him \u2014 it is awarded by the Leipzig Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Kunst und Kritik and was presented for the fourth time in 2009.", "Q241497": "Dakota Avery Goyo (born August 22, 1999) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for playing Max Kenton in the film Real Steel (2011) and Jesse Barrett in the film Dark Skies (2013). He also voices Jamie in the DreamWorks Animation film Rise of the Guardians (2012).", "Q1698": "Serge Gainsbourg (French pronunciation: \u200b[s\u025b\u0281\u0292 \u0261\u025b\u0303sbu\u0281]; born Lucien Ginsburg; 2 April 1928 \u2013 2 March 1991) was a French singer, songwriter, pianist, film composer, poet, painter, screenwriter, writer, actor and director. Regarded as the most important figure in French pop whilst alive, he was renowned for often provocative and scandalous releases which caused uproar in France, dividing its public opinion; as well as his diverse artistic output, which ranged from his early work in jazz, chanson, and y\u00e9-y\u00e9 to later efforts in rock, funk, reggae, and electronica. Gainsbourg's varied musical style and individuality make him difficult to categorize, although his legacy has been firmly established and he is often regarded as one of the world's most influential popular musicians.His lyrical works incorporated wordplay, with humorous, bizarre, provocative, sexual, satirical or subversive overtones, including sophisticated rhymes, mondegreen, onomatopoeia, spoonerism, dysphemism, paraprosdokian and pun. Gainsbourg wrote over 550 songs, which have been covered more than 1,000 times by a range of artists.\nSince his death from a second heart attack in 1991, Gainsbourg's music has reached legendary stature in France, and he is regarded as France's greatest ever musician and one of the country's most popular and endeared public figures. He has also gained a cult following in the English-speaking world with chart success in the United Kingdom and the United States (something no other Francophone artist has managed) with \"Je t'aime... moi non plus\" and \"Bonnie and Clyde\", respectively.", "Q514801": "Barbara Lea (April 10, 1929 \u2013 December 26, 2011) was an American jazz singer.", "Q34076": "Nathalia Goyannes Dill Orrico (born March 24, 1986), better known as Nathalia Dill, is a Brazilian actress. She has played the lead role in three telenovelas, the lead antagonist role in another two and the lead role in 2012's film Artificial Paradises.", "Q598185": "Carl W. Stalling (November 10, 1891 \u2013 November 29, 1972) was an American composer and arranger for music in animated films. He is most closely associated with the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts produced by Warner Bros., where he averaged one complete score each week, for 22 years.", "Q407869": "Air Transat is a Canadian airline based in Montreal, Quebec. Founded in 1986, it is the country's third-largest airline, operating scheduled and charter flights, serving 60 destinations in 25 countries. Air Transat is owned and operated by Transat A.T. Inc., having a fleet of 44 aircraft.", "Q194548": "John Kevin Sharkey, Baron Sharkey (born 24 September 1947) is a British Liberal Democratic politician. He was chairman of the Liberal Democratic General Election campaign during the 2010 United Kingdom general election and director of the YES! To Fairer Votes campaign during the 2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum. He had previously been appointed as Nick Clegg's advisor on strategic communications in January 2008.He is also a former joint managing director of Saatchi & Saatchi UK, founder and director of Sharkey Associates Ltd. and a trustee and honorary treasurer of the Hansard Society. He was created a Life Peer as Baron Sharkey, of Niton Undercliff in the County of the Isle of Wight on 20 December 2010.", "Q88831": "Emel Heinreich (born 27 June 1962) is a Turkish Austrian actress, author and film-director.", "Q3266468": "Luigi \"Gino\" Macaluso (9 June 1948 \u2013 27 October 2010) was the president and chair of the Sowind group, under whose roof a watch manufacture and the two brands Girard-Perregaux and JeanRichard are united. Since the long-term strategic cooperation agreement signed with Kering in June 2008, he had also joined the Gucci Group Management Committee and the Boucheron board of directors.", "Q2624785": "Rock music became known in the Soviet Union in the 1960s and quickly broke free from its western roots. According to many music critics, its \"golden age\" years were the 1980s (especially the era of perestroika), when the Soviet underground rock bands became able to release their records officially. Since then, Russia and Russophone artists in various other countries developed a varied rock scene that covers virtually all rock genres, from classic and alternative rock to punk and heavy metal. The majority of the Russian bands perform in the Russian language.\nAccording to various polls, the most popular Russian rock bands include Kino, Aria, Alisa, Agatha Christie, and DDT.", "Q272075": "Dame Celia Elizabeth Johnson, (18 December 1908 \u2013 26 April 1982) was an English actress, whose career included stage, television and film known for her roles in the films In Which We Serve (1942), This Happy Breed (1944), Brief Encounter (1945) and The Captain's Paradise (1953). For Brief Encounter, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. A six-time BAFTA Award nominee, she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969).\nJohnson began her stage acting career in 1928, and subsequently achieved success in West End and Broadway productions. She continued performing in theatre for the rest of her life and much of her later work was in television, including winning the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for the BBC Play for Today, Mrs Palfrey at the Claremont (1973). She suffered a stroke and died soon after at the age of 73.", "Q326356": "Leo Burnett (October 21, 1891 \u2013 June 7, 1971) was an American advertising executive and the founder of Leo Burnett Company, Inc.. He was responsible for creating some of advertising's most well-known characters and campaigns of the 20th century, including Tony the Tiger, the Marlboro Man, the Maytag Repairman, United's \"Fly the Friendly Skies\", and Allstate's \"Good Hands\", and for garnering relationships with multinational clients such as McDonald's, Hallmark and Coca-Cola. In 1999, Burnett was named by Time Magazine as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.", "Q185445": "A Married Woman (French: Une femme mari\u00e9e) is a 1964 French drama film directed by Jean-Luc Godard, his eighth feature film.", "Q274404": "Claudio Magris (born 10 April 1939) is an Italian scholar, translator and writer. He was a Senator for Friuli-Venezia Giulia from 1994 to 1996.", "Q212781": "The Spaghetti Western, also known as Italian Western or (primarily in Japan) Macaroni Western, is a broad subgenre of Western films that emerged in the mid-1960s in the wake of Sergio Leone's film-making style and international box-office success. The term was used by American critics and those in other countries because most of these Westerns were produced and directed by Italians.According to veteran Spaghetti Western actor Aldo Sambrell, the phrase \"Spaghetti Western\" was coined by Spanish journalist Alfonso S\u00e1nchez. The denomination for these films in Italy is western all'italiana (Italian-style Western). Italo-Western is also used, especially in Germany. These movies were originally released in Italian or with Italian dubbing, but as most of the films featured multilingual casts and sound was post-synched, most \"western all'italiana\" do not have an official dominant language. The typical Spaghetti Western team was made up of an Italian director, Italo-Spanish technical staff, and a cast of Italian, Spanish, German, and American actors. A previously unknown Clint Eastwood starred in three of Sergio Leone's films, now known as the Dollars Trilogy\u2014A Fistful of Dollars (1964), For a Few Dollars More (1965) and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966). Leone also made Once Upon a Time in the West in 1968, starring Charles Bronson. These films have been listed among the best Westerns of any variety.The term Paella Western has been used for the many Western films produced in Spain. The term Eurowesterns may be used to also include similar Western movies that were produced in Continental Europe but without involvement by Italians, like the West German Winnetou films or Ostern Westerns. The majority of the films in the Spaghetti Western genre were actually international co-productions between Italy and Spain, and sometimes France, West Germany, Portugal, Greece, Israel, Yugoslavia, or the United States. Over six hundred European Westerns were made between 1960 and 1978.", "Q263178": "Julie Dreyfus (born 24 January 1966) is a French actress who is well known in Japan where she made her television debut on a French language lesson program on NHK's educational channel in the late 1980s. She has appeared on the TV show Ry\u014dri no Tetsujin (Iron Chef) as a guest and judge. She is best known to western audiences for her appearances in the Quentin Tarantino films Kill Bill and Inglourious Basterds, in which she played Sofie Fatale and Francesca Mondino respectively. Aside from her native French she is fluent in English and Japanese.", "Q67348": "Gansingen is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q36661": "Henrik Johan Ibsen (; Norwegian: [\u02c8h\u025b\u0300nr\u026ak \u02c8\u026a\u0300psn\u0329]; 20 March 1828 \u2013 23 May 1906) was a Norwegian playwright and theatre director. As one of the founders of modernism in theatre, Ibsen is often referred to as \"the father of realism\" and one of the most influential playwrights of his time. His major works include Brand, Peer Gynt, An Enemy of the People, Emperor and Galilean, A Doll's House, Hedda Gabler, Ghosts, The Wild Duck, When We Dead Awaken, Rosmersholm, and The Master Builder. He is the most frequently performed dramatist in the world after Shakespeare, and A Doll's House was the world's most performed play in 2006.Ibsen's early poetic and cinematic play Peer Gynt has strong surreal elements. After Peer Gynt Ibsen abandoned verse and wrote in realistic prose. Several of his later dramas were considered scandalous to many of his era, when European theatre was expected to model strict morals of family life and propriety. Ibsen's later work examined the realities that lay behind the facades, revealing much that was disquieting to a number of his contemporaries. He had a critical eye and conducted a free inquiry into the conditions of life and issues of morality. In many critics' estimates The Wild Duck and Rosmersholm are \"vying with each other as rivals for the top place among Ibsen's works;\" Ibsen himself regarded Emperor and Galilean as his masterpiece.Ibsen is often ranked as one of the most distinguished playwrights in the European tradition. Richard Hornby describes him as \"a profound poetic dramatist\u2014the best since Shakespeare\". He is widely regarded as the foremost playwright of the nineteenth century. He influenced other playwrights and novelists such as George Bernard Shaw, Oscar Wilde, Arthur Miller, James Joyce, Eugene O'Neill, and Miroslav Krle\u017ea. Ibsen was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1902, 1903, and 1904.Ibsen wrote his plays in Danish (the common written language of Denmark and Norway during his lifetime) and they were published by the Danish publisher Gyldendal. Although most of his plays are set in Norway\u2014often in places reminiscent of Skien, the port town where he grew up\u2014Ibsen lived for 27 years in Italy and Germany, and rarely visited Norway during his most productive years. Born into a patrician merchant family, the intertwined Ibsen and Paus family, Ibsen shaped his dramas according to his family background and often modelled characters after family members. He was the father of Prime Minister Sigurd Ibsen. Ibsen's dramas had a strong influence upon contemporary culture.", "Q433514": "Beverly Joanne Linville (born January 15, 1928) is an American actress. She and actress Irene Gilbert co-founded the Stella Adler Academy in Los Angeles in 1985.", "Q1865860": "Willie Littlefield, Jr., billed as Little Willie Littlefield (September 16, 1931 \u2013 June 23, 2013), was an American R&B and boogie-woogie pianist and singer whose early recordings \"formed a vital link between boogie-woogie and rock and roll\". Littlefield was regarded as a teenage wonder and overnight sensation when in 1949, at the age of 18, he popularized the triplet piano style on his Modern Records debut single, \"It's Midnight\". He also recorded the first version of the song \"Kansas City\" (originally issued as \"K. C. Lovin'\"), in 1952.", "Q283932": "Machine Gun Preacher is a 2011 biographical action film about Sam Childers, a former gang biker turned preacher and defender of South Sudanese orphans. The movie was based on Childers' book Another Man's War. It was written by Jason Keller, directed by Marc Forster, and stars Gerard Butler, Michelle Monaghan and Michael Shannon.\nThe film tells the story of Childers and his efforts to save the children of South Sudan in collaboration with the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) against the atrocities of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA).", "Q188161": "The Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East-Indies; Dutch: Nederlands(ch)-Indi\u00eb; Indonesian: Hindia Belanda) was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Dutch government in 1800.\nDuring the 19th century, the Dutch possessions and hegemony were expanded, reaching their greatest territorial extent in the early 20th century. This colony was one of the most valuable colonies under the Dutch Empire's rule, and contributed to Dutch global prominence in spice and cash crop trade in the 19th to early 20th century. The colonial social order was based on rigid racial and social structures with a Dutch elite living separate from but linked to their native subjects. The term Indonesia came into use for the geographical location after 1880. In the early 20th century, local intellectuals began developing the concept of Indonesia as a nation state, and set the stage for an independence movement.Japan's World War II occupation dismantled much of the Dutch colonial state and economy. Following the Japanese surrender in August 1945, Indonesian nationalists declared independence which they fought to secure during the subsequent Indonesian National Revolution. The Netherlands formally recognized sovereignty of the United States of Indonesia at the 1949 Dutch\u2013Indonesian Round Table Conference with the exception of the Netherlands New Guinea (Western New Guinea), whose administration was transferred under authority of Resolution 1752 (XVII) to the United Nations 13 years later in 1962 (also see New York Agreement).", "Q29999": "The Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden; pronounced [\u02c8ko\u02d0n\u026a\u014bkr\u025bi\u0261 d\u025br \u02c8ne\u02d0d\u0259rl\u0251nd\u0259(n)] (listen)), commonly known as the Netherlands, is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with the large majority of its territory in Western Europe and with several small West Indian island territories in the Caribbean Sea (in the Leeward Islands and Leeward Antilles groups).\nThe four parts of the kingdom\u2014the Netherlands, Aruba, Cura\u00e7ao and Sint Maarten\u2014are constituent countries (landen in Dutch) and participate on a basis of equality as partners in the Kingdom. In practice, however, most of the Kingdom's affairs are administered by the Netherlands\u2014which comprises roughly 98% of the Kingdom's land area and population\u2014on behalf of the entire Kingdom. Consequently, Aruba, Cura\u00e7ao, and Sint Maarten are dependent on the Netherlands for matters like foreign policy and defence, but are autonomous to a certain degree, with their own parliaments.\nThe vast majority in land area of the constituent country of the Netherlands is in Europe, with the exception of the Caribbean Netherlands: its three special municipalities (Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius) are located in the Caribbean Sea, as are the other three constituent countries. The kingdom has a population of 17,737,438 as of November 2019.", "Q66056": "Wittenbach is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of St. Gallen in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q614107": "Louis Lepl\u00e9e (April 7, 1883 in Bayonne, France \u2013 April 6, 1936 in Paris, France) was a French nightclub owner who discovered the French singer \u00c9dith Piaf singing on a Paris street corner in 1935. Lepl\u00e9e starred Piaf at the popular Parisian nightspot Le Gerny's as \"La M\u00f4me Piaf\" (The Little Sparrow).\nLepl\u00e9e was murdered in his apartment in Paris, on April 6, 1936 a day before his 53rd birthday. Piaf was questioned extensively by the police before being cleared of wrongdoing. There has been speculation of mob involvement in Lepl\u00e9e's death.", "Q46386": "L'imprevisto, internationally released as The Mishap, is a 1960 Italian crime-drama film directed by Alberto Lattuada. It was coproduced by France, where it was released with the title L'Impr\u00e9vu.", "Q435165": "Katie Carr (born London, 1973) is an English actress and model. She may be best known for her appearances in Dinotopia as Marion and in Heroes as Caitlin.", "Q850412": "Contemporary R&B (also known as simply R&B) is a music genre that combines elements of rhythm and blues, pop, soul, funk, hip hop and electronic music.\nThe genre features a distinctive record production style, drum machine-backed rhythms, pitch corrected vocals, and a smooth, lush style of vocal arrangement. Electronic influences are becoming an increasing trend and the use of hip hop or dance-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness and grit inherent in hip hop may be reduced and smoothed out. Contemporary R&B vocalists are often known for their use of melisma, popularized by vocalists such as Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Craig David, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey. As of late, contemporary R&B rhythms are being combined with elements of hip-hop and pop music.", "Q1307837": "Jos\u00e9 Miguel Moreno (Madrid, 1955) is a Spanish specialist of historical plucked string instruments, such as the vihuela, lute, theorbo, and guitars. In 1977 he won the First Prize of the Incontri Chitarristici di Gargnano (Italy) and later many awards for his recordings. He has undertaken recordings and live concerts with the renowned ensemble \"Hesperion XX\" and Jordi Savall as well as with his own formations La Romanesca and Orphenica Lyra - after the book Orph\u00e9nica Lyra (1554) of Miguel de Fuenllana. He is also, with his brother violist Emilio Moreno, co-founder of the Spanish classical music label Glossa Music.", "Q69403": "\u00c9pendes is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q230520": "Back to the Future (also known as Back to the Future: The Animated Series) is a French-American animated science-fiction comedy adventure television series for television based on the live-action Back to the Future movie trilogy. The show lasted two seasons, each featuring 13 episodes, and ran on CBS from September 14, 1991 to December 26, 1992. It was rerun until August 14, 1993 on CBS. The network chose not to renew the show for a third season (citing low ratings). It was later rerun on FOX, as a part of the FoxBox block, from March 22 to August 30, 2003. It was the first production of Universal Cartoon Studios.\nAlthough the series takes place after the movies, producer Bob Gale has stated that the animated series and the comic books take place in their own 'what if' and alternate timelines. This show marked the debut television appearance of Bill Nye on a nationally broadcast show.", "Q756320": "Metal Blade Records is a heavy metal independent record label founded by Brian Slagel in 1982. The U.S. office for Metal Blade is located in Agoura Hills, California. It also has offices in Germany, Japan, Canada, and the UK. The label is distributed in the U.S. by RED Distribution, and in Canada by Sony Music Entertainment. It was distributed by Warner Bros. Records in the United States from 1988 to 1993.", "Q5398": "Z\u00fclpich is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany between Aachen and Bonn. It belongs to the district of Euskirchen.\nThe town is commonly agreed to be the site with the Latin name of Tolbiacum, famous for the Battle of Tolbiac, fought between the Franks under Clovis I and the Alemanni; the traditional date is 496, corrected in many modern accounts to 506. The battle is commemorated in the names of the Rue de Tolbiac and the Tolbiac M\u00e9tro station in Paris.", "Q76523": "Jens Peter Seipenbusch (born 6 August 1968) is a German politician and physicist who was leader of the Pirate Party Germany.\nSeipenbusch, a founding member of his party, studied physics at the University of M\u00fcnster. He was already party leader from May 2007 to May 2008, and afterwards deputy leader for one year, before he became re-elected leader of the party in July 2009, and once more in May 2010. He did not run again in May 2011.\n\n", "Q198414": "Jessica Rose Brown Findlay (born 14 September 1989) is an English actress, most widely known for her role as Lady Sybil Crawley in the ITV television period drama series Downton Abbey, and for her role as Emelia Conan Doyle in the 2011 British comedy-drama feature film Albatross.In 2014, she appeared as Beverly Penn in the film adaptation of the Mark Helprin novel Winter's Tale. In 2015, she co-starred in Paul McGuigan's Victor Frankenstein as Lorelei, the Esmerelda-like acrobat. In 2016, she joined the cast of the new biopic feature film, England is Mine, about the early life and career of English singer Morrissey, who co-founded the indie rock band The Smiths.Beginning in 2017, Brown Findlay portrays Charlotte Wells, a madam's daughter and prostitute, in Harlots, a period drama television series screening on ITV Encore in the U.K. and on Hulu Plus in the U.S. The TV series focuses on Margaret Wells, who runs a brothel in 18th century England and struggles to raise her daughters in a chaotic household.", "Q902426": "D\u00e1vid Dar\u00f3czi (n\u00e9 J\u00f3zsef Dar\u00f3czi) (April 19, 1972 \u2013 April 2, 2010) was a coach and spokesman for former Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcs\u00e1ny and the government from June 2007 to April 2009.\n\n", "Q3931": "Brandenburg an der Havel is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, which served as the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg until replaced by Berlin in 1417. \nWith a population of 71,778 (as of 2010), it is located on the banks of the River Havel. The town of Brandenburg provided the name for the medieval Bishopric of Brandenburg, the Margraviate of Brandenburg, and the current state of Brandenburg. Today it is a small town compared to nearby Berlin, but it was the original nucleus of the former realms of Brandenburg and Prussia.\n\n", "Q388873": "After.Life is a 2009 American psychological horror-thriller film directed by Agnieszka W\u00f3jtowicz-Vosloo from her original screenplay. It stars Liam Neeson, Christina Ricci, and Justin Long.", "Q236151": "Carey Lowell (born February 11, 1961) is an American actress and former model.", "Q181145": "Issay Alexandrovich Dobrowen (Russian: \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0439\u043d; 27 February [O.S. 15 February] 1891 in Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Empire \u2013 9 December 1953, Oslo, Norway), born Itschok Zorachovitch Barabeitchik, was a Russian/Soviet-Norwegian pianist, composer and conductor. He left the Soviet Union in 1922 and became a Norwegian citizen in 1929.", "Q1564649": "Robert David Rothstein (April 20, 1948, Manhattan, New York, United States) better known as Rob Stoner, is an American multi-instrumental musician.", "Q60341": "Sean Anders is an American film director and screenwriter.He co-wrote and directed the 2005 film Never Been Thawed, the 2008 film Sex Drive, the 2014 film Horrible Bosses 2, the 2015 film Daddy's Home, the 2017 sequel Daddy's Home 2 and the 2018 film Instant Family.\nHe also directed the 2012 comedy That's My Boy.\nAnders wrote or co-wrote 2010's Hot Tub Time Machine and She's Out of My League, 2011's Mr. Popper's Penguins, 2013's We're the Millers, and the 2014 Dumb and Dumber sequel Dumb and Dumber To.\nHe is the brother of actress Andrea Anders.", "Q1224744": "Digital Hardcore Recordings (DHR) is a record label set up in 1994 by Alec Empire, Joel Amaretto and Pete Lawton. Most of the music is recorded in Berlin, though the label is based in London where the records are mastered and manufactured. The funds for setting up the label came from the payment which Atari Teenage Riot received for their aborted record deal with the major UK record label Phonogram Records.\nThe label is acclaimed for its articulation of the digital hardcore style of music - \"Digital hardcore\" is used not only to refer to the record label itself, but to the genre that its artists helped to create. Several artists to this day, though not affiliated with the DHR label, would classify themselves as digital hardcore, tangible proof of DHR's solid influence on the industrial/electronic scene as well as on the rock/metal-scene.\nIn 1995 DHR released its first album (they had previously only released a 12\" in 1994) and a compilation, Harder Than The Rest. Digital Hardcore Festival events were held in several German cities, and the Suicide Club in Berlin, run by a friend of ATR, provided a platform to new bands such as EC8OR. The word about DHR spread to underground scenes in Japan, USA, Australia and Europe. BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel heard about DHR and invited Atari Teenage Riot to play in London.\nIn 1996 DHR made a distribution deal for the US on the Beastie Boys' Grand Royal label then DHR toured there and South East Asia. Atari Teenage Riot toured in support of bands such as Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, Beck, Rage Against the Machine and Wu-Tang Clan. In 1997 Atari Teenage Riot, Shizuo and Ec8or embarked on a Digital Hardcore tour of the United States.\nIn 1998 DHR established an office in New York City and its studios in Berlin. In the ensuing years Atari Teenage Riot came under a lot of pressure, amongst other reasons because of member Carl Crack's psychosis (and subsequent death). By 2000 the Berlin music scene in which DHR had found its place was declining, Atari Teenage Riot disbanded and no new groups or artists were being signed to DHR. At the end of that year Alec Empire decided to restructure DHR and began work on a new album.\nIn 2001 Empire released Intelligence and Sacrifice and played shows in the US. He became aware of the growing digital hardcore scene there, releasing a compilation of American bands on DHR entitled Don\u2019t Fuck With Us!\nAlthough at present the label is seen as less influential than it was in the 1990s, DHR is nevertheless recognised for its role in the emergence of breakcore, as well as promoting music its artists believed in.", "Q191356": "Icelanders (Icelandic: \u00cdslendingar) are a North Germanic ethnic group and nation who are native to the island country of Iceland and speak Icelandic.Icelanders established the country of Iceland in 930 A.D. when the Althingi (Parliament) met for the first time. Iceland came under the reign of Norwegian, Swedish and Danish kings but regained full sovereignty and independence from the Danish monarchy on 1 December 1918, when the Kingdom of Iceland was established. On 17 June 1944, the monarchy was abolished and the Icelandic republic was founded. The language spoken is Icelandic, a North Germanic language, and Lutheranism is the predominant religion. Historical and DNA records indicate that around 60 to 80 percent of the male settlers were of Norse origin (primarily from Western Norway) and a similar percentage of the women were of Gaelic stock from Ireland and peripheral Scotland.", "Q709624": "Trey Gunn (born December 13, 1960) is an American musician, known for his membership in progressive rock band King Crimson from 1994 to 2003, playing Warr Guitar and Chapman Stick.", "Q117641": "Th\u00e9odore Aubert (8 September 1878, Geneva \u2013 19 January 1963) was a Swiss lawyer and writer. \nAs a lawyer, he defended the White \u00e9migr\u00e9 Maurice Conradi who assassinated the Soviet envoy to Switzerland Vatslav Vorovsky in 1923. Aubert founded the International Entente Against the Third International in 1924.", "Q274362": "Anna Grigorievna Semenovich (Russian: \u0410\u0301\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447, born 1 March 1980) is a Russian singer, actress, model, and former competitive ice dancer.\n\n", "Q712562": "Bryan Lee O'Malley (born February 21, 1979) is a Canadian cartoonist, best known for the Scott Pilgrim series. He also performs as a musician under the alias Kupek.", "Q118572": "Regula St\u00e4mpfli (born 11 January 1962 in Berne) is a Swiss born political scientist based in Brussels.St\u00e4mpfli's childhood was spent in Switzerland. Her teenage years were spent in California, USA. She returned to Switzerland for college, studying history and political philosophy. She continued her studies in New York.St\u00e4mpfli holds a doctorate in political science and also studied history and philosophy at the University of Bern.\nShe is the author of many textbooks and articles dealing with issues such as democratic theory, European political decision making, women's history, design, political communications and political philosophy. She is also a well known political commentator on current affairs in Switzerland.St\u00e4mpfli is a columnist who writes on topics such as politics, philosophy, history, art and design. She is also an independent expert for the European Commission.Dr. Regula Staempfli teaches History, Political Science and Political Philosophy at several Swiss and European educational institutions, including the University of Bern and Zurich. She is currently working as a political scientist in Brussels and as a part-time Professor at the Swiss College for Journalism in Lucerne. Since 1988, she has worked as a lecturer at the Media Training Center (CNAC) in Lucerne. St\u00e4mpfli is a member of the Ethics Council of Switzerland's official statistics, the Advisory Board of the International Forum of Design in Ulm, the Foundation Board of the Gosteliarchive and the University Council of the University of Applied Sciences Cologne. She is a columnist for Radio1 in Zuerich, the Politics-Expert for Radio 24 in Zurich, Media-Expert for www.kleinreport.ch, the German feminist magazine \u201cEmma\u201d and Columnist for \u201cSonntag\u201d and \u201cLeben&Glauben\u201d.", "Q906898": "Dmytro Vasylovych Firtash (Ukrainian: \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0456\u0301\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0448; born 2 May 1965) is a Ukrainian businessman who heads the board of directors of Group DF. U.S. federal prosecutors described Firtash in 2017 court papers as an associate of Russian organized crime. He was highly influential during the Yuschenko administration and the Yanukovych administration. As a middleman for the Russian natural gas giant Gazprom, Firtash funneled money into the campaigns of pro-Russia politicians in Ukraine.His many roles during the Yuschenko administration included: presidency of the Federation of Employers of Ukraine (FEU), an interest association of industrial enterprises that he chairs; chairmanship of the National Tripartite Social and Economic Council (NTSEC); co-chairmanship of Domestic and Foreign Investors Advisory Council under the Ministry of Education, Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine; and membership in the Committee for Economic Reforms under the President of Ukraine.\nFirtash was arrested by Austrian authorities in March 2014. In February 2017, the Vienna Court of Appeals ordered that Firtash be extradited to the United States, to face charges that he had secured a titanium extraction permit in India through $18.5 million in bribes.\nAs of August 2016, Firtash has not returned to Ukraine following the Maidan revolution of 2014. The current status of many of his various offices and titles within Ukraine are not clear; specifically those not directly related to his own business holdings. To date, he has retained ownership of his assets within Ukraine, including those areas presently under Russian control.", "Q5121415": "The Catholic University of Leuven was founded in 1834 in Mechelen as the Catholic University of Belgium, and moved its seat to the town of Leuven in 1835, changing its name to Catholic University of Leuven.\n\n", "Q319818": "Peter (Petrus) Hasse (ca. 1585 \u2013 June 1640) was a German organist and composer, and member of the prominent musical Hasse family. The first written record of Hasse dates from his appointment as organist at the Marienkirche in L\u00fcbeck, a post later held by Buxtehude. Although virtually nothing is known of Hasse's early life, he is believed to have been a student of Sweelinck between 1606 and 1609. Hasse remained in L\u00fcbeck until his death in 1640, and achieved considerable fame at the time as a teacher and performer. His son, Nikolaus Hasse, was among his pupils, and became a musician in his own right. Hasse's own surviving output is small, consisting of just three organ works and two choral works. After his death in 1640, Hasse's position as the main organist at the Marienkirche was taken by Franz Tunder.", "Q111230": "Matthew David Lewis (born 27 June 1989) is an English actor, best known for playing Neville Longbottom in the Harry Potter films, Jamie Bradley in The Syndicate and Corporal Gordon \"Towerblock\" House in the BBC Three comedy drama Bluestone 42.", "Q192887": "Kimberly Alexis Bledel ( bl\u0259-DEL; born September 16, 1981) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her role as Rory Gilmore on the television series Gilmore Girls (2000\u20132007), for which she received nominations for Satellite, Teen Choice and Young Artist Awards. In 2016, Bledel reprised her role on the Netflix reunion miniseries Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life.\nBledel made her feature film debut as Winnie Foster in Tuck Everlasting (2002), and has since appeared in Sin City (2005), Post Grad (2009), and as Lena Kaligaris in The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants film series. Since 2017, she has appeared in the Hulu drama series The Handmaid's Tale. For her work on the series, she received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series and an additional nomination in the Supporting Actress category.", "Q18154882": "Texas Rising is a 2015 History 10-hour television miniseries based on the Texas Revolution against Mexico and how the Texas Rangers were created. It is directed by Roland Joff\u00e9 and premiered on May 25, 2015. The series stars Bill Paxton, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, Ray Liotta, Brendan Fraser, Olivier Martinez and Cynthia Addai-Robinson.", "Q6691": "Homer (; Ancient Greek: \u1f4d\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 Greek pronunciation: [h\u00f3m\u025b\u02d0ros], H\u00f3m\u0113ros) is the legendary author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are the central works of ancient Greek literature. The Iliad is set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy by a coalition of Greek kingdoms. It focuses on a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles lasting a few weeks during the last year of the war. The Odyssey focuses on the ten-year journey home of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, after the fall of Troy. Many accounts of Homer's life circulated in classical antiquity, the most widespread being that he was a blind bard from Ionia, a region of central coastal Anatolia in present-day Turkey. Modern scholars consider these accounts legendary.The Homeric Question \u2013 concerning by whom, when, where and under what circumstances the Iliad and Odyssey were composed \u2013 continues to be debated. Broadly speaking, modern scholarly opinion falls into two groups. One holds that most of the Iliad and (according to some) the Odyssey are the works of a single poet of genius. The other considers the Homeric poems to be the result of a process of working and reworking by many contributors, and that \"Homer\" is best seen as a label for an entire tradition. It is generally accepted that the poems were composed at some point around the late eighth or early seventh century BC.The poems are in Homeric Greek, also known as Epic Greek, a literary language which shows a mixture of features of the Ionic and Aeolic dialects from different centuries; the predominant influence is Eastern Ionic. Most researchers believe that the poems were originally transmitted orally. From antiquity until the present day, the influence of Homeric epic on Western civilization has been great, inspiring many of its most famous works of literature, music, art and film. The Homeric epics were the greatest influence on ancient Greek culture and education; to Plato, Homer was simply the one who \"has taught Greece\" \u2013 ten Hellada pepaideuken.", "Q63890": "Bernd Reinhold Gerhard Heynemann (born 22 January 1954 in Magdeburg) is a former German football referee and now a German politician.", "Q383926": "Pinkney \"Pink\" Anderson (February 12, 1900 \u2013 October 12, 1974) was an American blues singer and guitarist.", "Q204685": "Sir Arthur John Gielgud, OM, CH (; 14 April 1904 \u2013 21 May 2000) was an English actor and theatre director whose career spanned eight decades. With Ralph Richardson and Laurence Olivier, he was one of the trinity of actors who dominated the British stage for much of the 20th century. A member of the Terry family theatrical dynasty, he gained his first paid acting work as a junior member of his cousin Phyllis Neilson-Terry's company in 1922. After studying at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art he worked in repertory theatre and in the West End before establishing himself at the Old Vic as an exponent of Shakespeare in 1929\u201331.\nDuring the 1930s Gielgud was a stage star in the West End and on Broadway, appearing in new works and classics. He began a parallel career as a director, and set up his own company at the Queen's Theatre, London. He was regarded by many as the finest Hamlet of his era, and was also known for high comedy roles such as John Worthing in The Importance of Being Earnest. In the 1950s Gielgud feared that his career was threatened when he was convicted and fined for a homosexual offence, but his colleagues and the public supported him loyally. When avant-garde plays began to supersede traditional West End productions in the later 1950s he found no new suitable stage roles, and for several years he was best known in the theatre for his one-man Shakespeare show Ages of Man. From the late 1960s he found new plays that suited him, by authors including Alan Bennett, David Storey and Harold Pinter.\nDuring the first half of his career, Gielgud did not take the cinema seriously. Though he made his first film in 1924, and had successes with The Good Companions (1933) and Julius Caesar (1953), he did not begin a regular film career until his sixties. Gielgud appeared in more than sixty films between Becket (1964), for which he received his first Academy Award nomination for playing Louis VII of France, and Elizabeth (1998). As the acid-tongued Hobson in Arthur (1981) he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. His film work further earned him a Golden Globe Award and two BAFTAs.\nAlthough largely indifferent to awards, Gielgud had the rare distinction of winning an Oscar, an Emmy, a Grammy, and a Tony. He was famous from the start of his career for his voice and his mastery of Shakespearean verse. He broadcast more than a hundred radio and television dramas between 1929 and 1994, and made commercial recordings of many plays, including ten of Shakespeare's. Among his honours, he was knighted in 1953 and the Gielgud Theatre was named after him. From 1977 to 1989, he was president of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.", "Q704300": "For almost five centuries, the German city of Frankfurt was a city-state within two major Germanic entities:\n\nThe Holy Roman Empire as the Free Imperial City of Frankfurt (German: Freie Reichsstadt Frankfurt) (until 1806)\nThe German Confederation as the Free City of Frankfurt (Freie Stadt Frankfurt) (1815\u201366)Frankfurt was a major city of the Holy Roman Empire, being the seat of imperial elections since 885 and the city for imperial coronations from 1562 (previously in Free Imperial City of Aachen) until 1792. Frankfurt was declared an Imperial Free City (Reichsstadt) in 1372, making the city an entity of Imperial immediacy, meaning immediately subordinate to the Holy Roman Emperor and not to a regional ruler or a local nobleman.\nDue to its imperial significance, Frankfurt survived mediatisation in 1803. Following the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Frankfurt fell to the rule of Napoleon I, who granted the city to Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg; the city became known as the Principality of Frankfurt. The Catholic cleric Dalberg emancipated Catholics living with the city boundary. In 1810 Dalberg merged Frankfurt with the Principality of Aschaffenburg, the County of Wetzlar, Fulda, and Hanau to form the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt. After the defeat of Napoleon and the collapse of the Confederation of the Rhine, Frankfurt was returned to its pre-Napoleonic constitution via the Congress of Vienna of 1815 and became a sovereign city-state and a member of the German Confederation.\nDuring the period of the German Confederation, Frankfurt continued to be a major city. The confederation's governing body, the Bundestag (officially called the Bundesversammlung, Federal Assembly) was located in the palace of Thurn und Taxis in Frankfurt's city centre. During the Revolutions of 1848, the Frankfurt Parliament was formed in an attempt to unite the German states in a democratic manner. It was here that Prussian king, Frederick William IV refused the offer of the crown of \"Little Germany\".\nIn 1866 the Kingdom of Prussia went to war with the Austrian Empire over Schleswig-Holstein, causing the Austro-Prussian War. Frankfurt, remaining loyal to the German Confederation, did not join with Prussia. Following Prussia's victory, Frankfurt was annexed by Prussia, becoming part of the newly formed province of Hesse-Nassau.", "Q467623": "Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov (Russian: \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432; 6 January 1933 \u2013 28 May 2003) was a Soviet cosmonaut.", "Q52495": "Frank, Viscount De Winne (born 25 April 1961, in Ledeberg, Belgium) is a Belgian Air Component officer and an ESA astronaut. He is Belgium's second person in space (after Dirk Frimout). He was the first ESA astronaut to command a space mission when he served as commander of ISS Expedition 21. ESA astronaut de Winne serves currently as Head of the European Astronaut Centre of the European Space Agency in Cologne/Germany (K\u00f6ln).", "Q525362": "George Ervin \"Sonny\" Perdue III (born December 20, 1946) is an American veterinarian, businessman, and politician currently serving as the 31st United States Secretary of Agriculture since 2017. He previously served as the 81st Governor of Georgia from 2003 to 2011. He was the first Republican Governor of Georgia since Reconstruction.Founder and partner in an agricultural trading company, Perdue served from 2012 to 2017 on the Governors' Council of the Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, D.C. He is the second Secretary of Agriculture from the Deep South; the first was Mike Espy of Mississippi, who served under President Bill Clinton from January 1993 to December 1994.\nOn January 18, 2017, President-elect Donald Trump announced that he would nominate Perdue to be Secretary of Agriculture. His nomination was transmitted to the U.S. Senate on March 9, 2017. His nomination was approved by the United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry on March 30 by a 19\u20131 voice vote, and by the entire Senate in a vote of 87\u201311 on April 24.", "Q1365718": "Jason Green (born October 24, 1976), better known as Planet Asia, is a rapper from Fresno, California. He is prominent for being one half of the now reunited hip-hop duo the Cali Agents and is currently a member of the groups Gold Chain Military and Durag Dynasty. He is also well known for his vast discography of mixtapes.\n\n", "Q98388": "Gottfried Duden (May 19, 1789 \u2013 October 29, 1856) was a German emigration writer of the early 19th century. His famous book Bericht \u00fcber eine Reise nach den westlichen Staaten Nordamerikas und einen mehrj\u00e4hrigen Aufenthalt am Missouri in den Jahren 1824 bis 1827 (\"Report of a journey to the western states of North America and a multi-year sojourn in the years 1824 through 1827\") gave romantic and glowing descriptions of the Missouri River valley between St. Louis and Hermann, Missouri. He established a farm near what is now Dutzow, Missouri along the Missouri River near Washington, Missouri. His book on the region, comparing the Missouri River to the Rhine in Germany, and his positive remarks concerning the climate, culture and soils in Missouri led to untold tens of thousands of German immigrants to the area beginning in the 1830s.\nGottfried Duden was born in Remscheid, Duchy of Berg. The middle child of Leonhard and Maria (n\u00e9e Hartcop) Duden. He was educated in law, and after serving as a justice for several years decided to investigate the U.S. as a possible place for emigration. Germany was suffering from overpopulation, high crime and famine, and following the Napoleonic Wars there were several emigration books suggesting emigration to Russia, South America and England as well. Duden had studied these, but felt that none that were written on the U.S. had actually been visited by the author.\nHe purchased land in what was Montgomery County (later Warren County) about 50 miles west of St. Louis. He arrived in Missouri in 1824, with a professional farmer by the name of Ludwig Eversmann and a female cook named Gertrude Obladen. For three years he lived with a nearby farmer named Jacob Haun, while Eversmann married and settled nearby on land they had purchased. He had a house built on his land just south of Haun and Eversmann. As a researcher he spent his days idyllically visiting the lead mines, duck hunting with Nathan Boone, and observing nature. His letters home covered a myriad of topics from slavery and Indians to farming methods and weather. His time spent in the U.S., 1824-1827 was during a period that experienced mild weather, and he failed to give an accurate depiction of the winters.\nHe returned to Germany in 1827, and in 1829 he self-published 1500 copies of his \"Report\" in the form of letters written home with addendums for those wishing to be farmers or businessmen. It praised the virtues of settling in Missouri. Apparently numerous similar books circulated in Germany at that time, but Duden's was especially well known and well received. The result was a flood of German immigrants beginning in the 1830s. Additional editions were published by Duden and other emigration societies.\nDuden had advised traveling in groups for safety as Missouri had just become a state eight years prior. The first of such groups was known as \nthe Berlin Society arrived in October 1832, whose founder was a German Baron Johann Wilhelm von Bock, who funded the communal purchase of 500 acres of land on the southern border of Duden's farm. Bock would plat a village that he named Dutzow, Missouri after his former estate in Germany on this land. In 1834, the arrival of the leaders of the Giessen Emigration Society brought several more well-educated and affluent Germans to the area. Co-founder Friedrich Muench settled on the north side of Duden's farm. Muench's property was on the south side of Jacob Haun's, which had been purchased by his brother-in-law and co-founder of the Society Paul Follenius. Follenius was the younger brother of Karl Follen.\nBy 1840, more than 38,000 Germans had settled in the lower Missouri River valley. German immigrants to Missouri are often called \"followers of Duden.\" Duden never returned to Missouri as he had originally planned. Duden died in 1856, and is buried in Bonn, Germany, still owning his Missouri farm. Charles van Ravanswaay wrote: \n\"This timely work . . . greatly stimulated immigration to the United States and caused thousands to make Missouri their destination . . . For more than a generation Duden's writings formed the leitmotif of German settlement in Missouri, with the interpretation of his comments provoking endless discussion among those who came here. Many immigrants continued to revere his memory as the father of the German migration, and even those who blamed him for their misfortunes seem to have had a grudging respect for that kindly, guileless man.\"", "Q993459": "Bruno Lawrence (12 February 1941 \u2013 10 June 1995) was a British and New Zealand musician and actor.\nInitially notable as a musician and founder of 1970s ensemble Blerta, he went on to well-regarded roles in several major films. His television work included starring in 1990s era Australian satirical series Frontline.", "Q157271": "Karl Wilhelm Friedrich (after 1814: von) Schlegel (; German: [\u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0d\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8\u0283le\u02d0gl\u0329]; 10 March 1772 \u2013 12 January 1829) was a German poet, literary critic, philosopher, philologist and Indologist. With his older brother, August Wilhelm Schlegel, he was one of the main figures of Jena Romanticism.\nBorn into a fervently Protestant family, Schlegel rejected Christianity as a young man in favor of atheism and individualism. He entered university to study law but instead focused on classical literature. He began a career as a writer and lecturer, and founded journals such as Athenaeum. In 1808 Schlegel converted to Catholicism. His religious conversion ultimately led to his estrangement from family and old friends. He moved to Austria in 1809, where he became a diplomat and journalist in service of Klemens von Metternich, the Foreign Minister of the Austrian Empire. Schlegel died in 1829, at the age of 56.Schlegel was a promoter of the Romantic movement and inspired Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Adam Mickiewicz and Kazimierz Brodzi\u0144ski. The first to notice what became known as Grimm's law, Schlegel was a pioneer in Indo-European studies, comparative linguistics, and morphological typology, publishing in 1819 the first theory linking the Indo-Iranian and German languages under the Aryan group.", "Q126488": "Robert Ng Chee Siong (Chinese: \u9ec3\u5fd7\u7965; pinyin: Hu\u00e1ng Zh\u00ecxi\u00e1ng; Jyutping: wong4 zi3 coeng4; born 1952) is a Singaporean billionaire businessman, and the chairman of Hong Kong property development conglomerate Sino Group since 1981.He is the eldest son of Ng Teng Fong, a Singaporean real estate billionaire. Forbes listed them together as the 30th richest people in the world in 1997. As of July 2017, Robert, along with his brother Philip Ng, has an estimated net worth of $9.7 billion.", "Q101037": "Hans Siemsen (Pseudonym: Pfarrer Silesius; 27 March 1891, in Hamm \u2013 23 June 1969, in Essen) was a German writer and journalist.\nHans was a theatre and film critic in the Weimar Republic working for Die Weltb\u00fchne and the 8 Uhr- Abendblatts and other newspapers. He was one of the first critics to appreciate Charlie Chaplin and also praised Asta Nielsen. He was interested in the visual arts, friendly with both Alfred Flechtheim and Ren\u00e9e Sintenis.He was also a left-wing political activist and one of the writers who signed the appeal by the Antinational socialist party. \nDuring the following years after the NSDAP took power, he was exiled to Paris and later to USA where he worked as a journalist for the press and radio. \nSiemen returned to Germany in 1949 and lived in D\u00fcsseldorf until he passed away at the age of 78 in Essen.", "Q704314": "Bruce Spence (born 17 September 1945) is an Australian actor originally from New Zealand.", "Q193555": "Brendan James Fraser ( FRAY-z\u0259r; born December 3, 1968) is an American-Canadian actor. He is best known for playing Rick O'Connell in The Mummy trilogy (1999, 2001, 2008), as well as for leading roles in comedy and fantasy films including Encino Man (1992), George of the Jungle (1997), Bedazzled (2000), Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003) and Journey to the Center of the Earth (2008). Fraser branched into dramatic cinema with roles in School Ties (1992), Gods and Monsters (1998), The Quiet American (2002) and Crash (2004).\nDuring a hiatus from film acting, Fraser found a new audience in television, with supporting roles in the History miniseries Texas Rising (2015), the Showtime drama series The Affair (2016\u20132017), the FX anthology series Trust (2018) and the DC Universe action series Doom Patrol (2019\u2013).", "Q135392": "Shoqan Shynghysuly Walikhanov (Kazakh: \u0428\u043e\u049b\u0430\u043d \u0428\u044b\u04a3\u0493\u044b\u0441\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u0423\u04d9\u043b\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043d, Shoqan Shy\u0144\u01f5ysuly \u00dd\u00e1l\u0131han; Russian: \u0427\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043d \u0427\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432), given name Muhammed Qanafiya (Kazakh: \u041c\u04b1\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0434 \u049a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f, Muhammed Qanaf\u0131\u0131a) (November 1835 \u2013 April 10, 1865) was a Kazakh scholar, ethnographer, historian and participant in The Great Game. He is regarded as the father of modern Kazakh historiography and ethnography. The Kazakh Academy of Sciences is named after him. His name is written Chokan Valikhanov in English based on the transliteration of the Russian spelling of his name, which he used himself.", "Q372075": "Raisio (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8r\u0251isio]; Swedish: Reso) is a town and municipality in south-western Finland and an important junction of major roads. The town has a population of 24,182 (31 January 2019) and is located in the region of Southwest Finland, neighbouring the region's capital, Turku. The town's land area is 48.76 km2 (18.83 sq mi), and has about 5 kilometres (3 mi) of coastline to the Bay of Raisio on its southern tip.", "Q230534": "Rebecca Maria Hall (born 3 May 1982) is a British actress. Hall made her first onscreen appearance at age 10 in the 1992 television adaptation of The Camomile Lawn, directed by her father Peter Hall. Her professional stage debut came in her father's 2002 production of Mrs. Warren's Profession, which earned her enthusiastic reviews and the Ian Charleson Award.\nFollowing her film debut in Starter for 10 (2006), Hall got her breakthrough role that same year in Christopher Nolan's thriller film The Prestige. In 2008, Hall starred as Vicky in Woody Allen's romantic comedy-drama Vicky Cristina Barcelona, for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress. She then appeared in a wide array of films, including Ron Howard's historical drama Frost/Nixon (2008), Ben Affleck's crime drama The Town (2010), the horror thriller The Awakening (2011), the superhero movie Iron Man 3 (2013), the science fiction film Transcendence (2014), the psychological thriller The Gift (2015) and the biographical drama Professor Marston and the Wonder Women (2017). In 2016, Hall was praised by critics for her portrayal of reporter Christine Chubbuck in the biographical drama Christine.Hall has also made several notable appearances on British television. She won the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 2009 Channel 4 miniseries Red Riding: 1974. In 2013, she was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress for her performance in BBC Two's Parade's End.", "Q76537": "Kurt Gerstein (11 August 1905 \u2013 25 July 1945) was a German SS officer and head of technical disinfection services of the Hygiene-Institut der Waffen-SS (Institute for Hygiene of the Waffen-SS). After witnessing mass murders in the Belzec and Treblinka Nazi extermination camps, Gerstein gave a detailed report to Swedish diplomat G\u00f6ran von Otter, as well as to Swiss diplomats, members of the Roman Catholic Church with contacts to Pope Pius XII, and to the Dutch government-in-exile, in an effort to inform the international community about the Holocaust. In 1945, following his surrender, he wrote the Gerstein Report covering his experience of the Holocaust. He died of an alleged suicide while in French custody.\n\n", "Q47932": "The Jewish National Council (JNC) (Hebrew: \u05d5\u05e2\u05d3 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u200e, Va'ad Le'umi), also known as the Jewish People's Council was the main national executive institution of the Jewish community (Yishuv) within Mandatory Palestine, responsible for education, local government, welfare, security and defense.", "Q3925": "Grace Patricia Kelly (November 12, 1929 \u2013 September 14, 1982) was an American film actress who, after starring in several significant films in the early- to mid-1950s, became Princess of Monaco by marrying Prince Rainier III in April 1956.\nAfter embarking on an acting career in 1950 when she was 20, Kelly appeared in New York City theatrical productions and more than 40 episodes of live drama productions broadcast during the early 1950s Golden Age of Television. From 1952 to 1956 she starred in several critically and commercially successful films, usually opposite male romantic leads 25 to 30 years older than she. In October 1953, she gained stardom from her performance in director John Ford's African-filmed adventure-romance Mogambo, starring Clark Gable and Ava Gardner, which won her a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. In 1954 she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her deglamorized performance in the drama The Country Girl with Bing Crosby. Other noteworthy films in which she starred include the western High Noon (1952), with Gary Cooper; the romance-comedy musical High Society (1956), with Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra; and three Alfred Hitchcock suspense thrillers in rapid succession: Dial M for Murder (1954), with Ray Milland; Rear Window (1954), with James Stewart; and To Catch a Thief (1955), with Cary Grant. \nKelly retired from acting at the age of 26 to marry Rainier, and began her duties as Princess of Monaco. It is well known that Hitchcock was hoping she would appear in more of his films which required an \"icy blonde\" lead actress, but he was unable to coax her out of retirement. Kelly and Rainier had three children: Princess Caroline, Prince Albert, and Princess St\u00e9phanie. Kelly retained her link to America by her dual U.S. and Mon\u00e9gasque citizenship. Princess Grace died at Monaco Hospital on September 14, 1982, succumbing to injuries sustained in a traffic collision the previous day. At the time of her death she was 52.\nShe is listed 13th among the American Film Institute's 25 Greatest Female Stars of Classical Hollywood Cinema.", "Q238168": "Nicole de Boer is a Canadian actress. She is best known for starring in the cult film Cube as Joan Leaven, playing Ezri Dax on the final season of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1998\u20131999), and as Sarah Bannerman on the series The Dead Zone (2002\u20132007). From 2016 to 2018, she had a recurring role as Becca Dorasay, ex-wife of one of the series leads on the Canadian-produced crime drama Private Eyes.", "Q507869": "Armando Alberto Benedetti Villaneda (born 29 August 1967) is a Colombian politician, currently serving as Senator of Colombia since 2006. He also served as Member of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia from 2002 to 2006.\n\n", "Q894444": "Francis Bosley Crowther Jr. (July 13, 1905 \u2013 March 7, 1981) was an American journalist, author, and film critic for The New York Times for 27 years. His work helped shape the careers of many actors, directors and screenwriters, though his reviews, at times, were perceived as unnecessarily mean. Crowther was an advocate of foreign-language films in the 1950s and 1960s, particularly those of Roberto Rossellini, Vittorio De Sica, Ingmar Bergman and Federico Fellini.", "Q1053574": "Executive producer (EP) is one of the top positions in the making of a commercial entertainment product. Depending on the medium, the executive producer may be concerned with management accounting or associated with legal issues (like copyrights or royalties). In films, the executive producer generally contributes to the film's budget and their involvement depends on the project with some simply securing funds and others being involved in the filmmaking process.", "Q113433": "Franzobel is the pseudonym of the Austrian writer (Franz) Stefan Griebl. He was born on March 1, 1967 in V\u00f6cklabruck. In 1997 he won the Wolfgang Weyrauch Prize and in 1998, the Kassel Literary Prize, amongst numerous other literary awards. In 2017 he won the prestigious Nicolas Born Prize and was long-listed for the German Book Prize for his novel, Das Flo\u00df der Medusa. He now lives in Vienna.", "Q40085": "Harmony (\u30cf\u30fc\u30e2\u30cb\u30fc, H\u0101mon\u012b) is a 2015 Japanese animated science fiction film directed by Michael Arias and Takashi Nakamura, animated by Studio 4\u00b0C and based on the novel of the same name by Project Itoh. The film was released on November 13, 2015. Two other anime films based on novels by the same author were released: The Empire of Corpses on October 2, 2015 and Genocidal Organ on February 3, 2017.", "Q312781": "Imran Khan (pronounced [\u026amra\u02d0n \u02c8xa\u02d0n]; born Imran Pal 13 January 1983) is an American film actor of Indian origin, who appears in Hindi films. He is the nephew of actor Aamir Khan and director-producer Mansoor Khan, and the grandson of director-producer Nasir Hussain. He appeared as a child artist in the films Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988) and Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikander (1992).\nKhan made his adult acting debut in 2008 with the romantic comedy Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na, which was a critical and commercial success. His performance in the film won him the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut. After the failure of his next two films, Khan was written off by the media, calling him a \"one film wonder\". He then starred in a number of commercially successful films like I Hate Luv Storys (2010), Delhi Belly (2011) and Mere Brother Ki Dulhan (2011), which is his last commercially successful film. It was followed by a series of box-office flops.\nApart from acting in films, Khan is a social activist, and has written columns for the Hindustan Times. He is a supporter of PETA, having appeared in events organised for the group. He married Avantika Malik in January 2011, after a ten-year relationship.", "Q605778": "Digital Underground was an American alternative hip hop group from Oakland, California. Their personnel changed and rotated with each album and tour.Digital Underground's leader and mainstay was Greg \"Shock G\" Jacobs (also known as Humpty Hump); Shock G formed the group in 1987 with Jimi \"Chopmaster J\" Dright of Berkeley, California, and Tampa hip-hop radio deejay Kenneth \"Kenny-K\" Waters.Heavily influenced by the various funk bands of the 1970s, Digital Underground sampled such music frequently, which became a defining element of West Coast rap. As \"Rackadelic\", Jacobs designed album covers and cartoon-laced liner notes, in homage to Parliament-Funkadelic album designs. Digital Underground is also notable for launching the career of member Tupac Shakur, as well as spinning off side projects and solo acts including Raw Fusion, Saafir, and singer Mystic.Following the release of their \"Doowutchyalike\" single and video in the summer of 1989, the band gained popularity with their song \"The Humpty Dance\" in 1990. Digital Underground toured nearly every year until 2008; this consisted of live shows in Europe, Japan, Canada, Australia, and the U.S. While the group's origins lay mostly in Oakland and Berkeley, California, various characters and voices from around the U.S and U.K. appeared on the band's albums. Shock G and Money-B were the only individuals to appear on every album. Other recurring key contributors were David \"DJ Fuze\" Elliot, and deejay/producer Jeremy \"J-Beats\" Jackson, who both assisted Jacobs in developing the sound.After approximately 20 years of touring, Shock G announced that the group would officially disband in 2008. Shortly after that announcement was made, the group also confirmed that their May 2008 album ..Cuz a D.U. Party Don't Stop! would be their last studio effort.", "Q4398063": "The Russian State Geological Prospecting University (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442) (MGRI-RSGPU), named after Sergo Ordzhonikidze and previously known as the Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute (MGRI, \u041c\u0413\u0420\u0418), is a university based in Moscow, Russia, specialising in geology, geophysics and other earth-science disciplines.\nThere was a task in the USSR - to prepare 435,000 engineers and technicians in 5 years (1930-1935) during the USSR industrialization period, while their number in 1929 was 66,000.In 1930 the Moscow Mining Academy was divided into six independent institutes by the order of Supreme Soviet of the National Economy. Among the new colleges which grew out of the Academy's departments was Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442).\nThe institute moved to a new campus in southwestern Moscow in 1987 and was given state accreditation in 2007. The university has six faculties:\n\nGeology\nGeophysics\nHydrogeology\nEcology (Environmental Science)\nInternational Relations, legislation and Resource Economics\nMineral Resource Prospecting and Mining technologiesThe university offers the following courses:\n\nBachelor's degrees (4-year programme)\nMaster's degree (2 years post-bachelor)\nSpecialist diplomas (5-year programme)\nPh.D. and post-doctoral research", "Q3321723": "Queer Duck is an American adult animated comedy web television series produced by Icebox.com that originally appeared on Icebox.com and later moved to the American cable television channel Showtime in 2000, where it aired as a follow-up feature of the American version of Queer as Folk. Although far from being the first gay cartoon character, Queer Duck was the first animated TV series to have homosexuality as its predominant theme. Like several later television cartoons, Queer Duck was animated in Macromedia Flash.\nThe show was created, written and executive-produced by Mike Reiss who is the executive producer of network cartoons The Simpsons and The Critic. The animation was directed and designed by Xeth Feinberg. The theme song for the cartoon was performed by the drag queen celebrity RuPaul.", "Q229065": "Tetyana Hryhorivna Liberman (Ukrainian: \u0422\u0435\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0456\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d, Russian: \u0422\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d; born 25 January 1985), known professionally as Tina Karol (Ukrainian: \u0422\u0456\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c, Russian: \u0422\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c), is a Ukrainian singer, actress, and television presenter. She represented Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 with the song \"Show Me Your Love\", placing seventh. Karol has since become a mentor on The Voice of Ukraine and jury for Ukrainian Eurovision National Selection.", "Q152309": "Thomas Vincent Savini (born November 3, 1946) is an American actor, stunt performer, film director, and prosthetic makeup artist. He is known for his makeup and special effects work on many films directed by George A. Romero, including Martin, Dawn of the Dead, Day of the Dead, Creepshow and Monkey Shines; he also created the special effects and makeup for many cult classics like Friday the 13th (parts I and IV), Maniac, The Burning, The Prowler and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2.\nSavini directed Night of the Living Dead, the 1990 remake of Romero's 1968 Night of the Living Dead; his other directing work includes three episodes of the TV show Tales from the Darkside and one segment in The Theatre Bizarre. As an actor and stuntman, he has appeared in films such as Martin, Dawn of the Dead, Knightriders, From Dusk till Dawn, Planet Terror, Machete, Django Unchained and Machete Kills.", "Q433500": "Faezeh Hashemi Bahramani, more known as Faezeh Hashemi Rafsanjani (Persian: \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e; born 7 January 1963) is an Iranian women's rights activist, politician and former journalist who served as a member of Iranian parliament from 1996 to 2000. She is also president of Executives of Construction Party women's league and the former editor-in-chief of Zan newspaper.\nShe is the daughter of the former president, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and the sister of Fatemeh Rafsanjani and Mehdi Rafsanjani.", "Q268039": "Aimee Garcia (born November 28, 1978) is an American actress. She is known for her television roles as Veronica Palmero on the ABC sitcom George Lopez, Yvonne Sanchez on the CBS period drama Vegas, Jamie Batista on the Showtime drama Dexter and Ella Lopez on the Fox turned Netflix drama Lucifer.", "Q952563": "Thomas C. Hauser (born 27 February 1946 in New York City, United States) is an American author.\nHe made his debut as a writer in 1978 with The Execution of Charles Horman: An American Sacrifice. Horman's wife, Joyce Horman, and his parents, Edmund and Elizabeth Horman, cooperated with Hauser on the book describing both the fate of Charles and his family's quest to uncover the truth in Chile. It was adapted as Costa-Gavras's film Missing, starring Jack Lemmon and Sissy Spacek. A later book by Hauser - Final Warning: The Legacy of Chernoby (co-authored with Dr. Robert Gale) served as the basis for the film Chernobyl starring Jon Voight and Jason Robards.\nIn 1981, Hauser published a novel, Ashworth & Palmer, set in a fictional law firm, which was inspired by his experience as an associate at Cravath, Swaine & Moore from 1971 through 1977, following his graduation from Columbia Law School in 1970. Later novels recreated the lives of Beethoven, Mark Twain, and Charles Dickens. \nHauser also wrote Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times, a biography of boxer Muhammad Ali. The book was nominated for the National Book Award. In 1991 he was awarded the William Hill Sports Book of the Year award for Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times. More recently, Hauser authored Muhammad Ali: A Tribute to the Greatest. \nHe is a keen follower of boxing and has written about the sport for numerous print publications such as the New York Times and The Ring and various websites such as The Sweet Science,[2] and Boxing Scene.[3]\nOn eight occasions, articles written by Hauser have been named \"best investigative writing\" of the year by the Boxing Writers Association of America. In 2004, the organization honored him with the Nat Fleischer Award for Career Excellence in Boxing Journalism. Since 2012, he has been a consultant to HBO Sports. In 2003, at the request of the late Senator John McCain, Hauser testified before the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation regarding the regulation of professional boxing.\n\n", "Q374362": "Nikolay Platonovich Ogarev (Ogaryov; Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041e\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0451\u0432; December 6 [O.S. November 24] 1813 \u2013 June 12 [O.S. May 31] 1877) was a Russian poet, historian and political activist. He was deeply critical of the limitations of the Emancipation reform of 1861 claiming that the serfs were not free but had simply exchanged one form of serfdom for another.\nOgarev was a fellow-exile and collaborator of Alexander Herzen on Kolokol, a newspaper printed in England and smuggled into Russia. In the summer of 1827, during a walk in the Sparrow Hills above Moscow, Herzen and Ogarev made an oath not to rest until their country was free; the oath reportedly sustained them and their friends throughout many crises of their lives at home and abroad and was described in E. H. Carr's The Romantic Exiles.", "Q402905": "Ahron \"Ronnie\" Bregman (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05e8\u05d2\u05de\u05df\u200e, born 1958) is a UK-based political scientist of Israeli origin, as well as a writer and journalist, specialising on the Arab\u2013Israeli conflict.", "Q3430461": "Richard Alexander (November 19, 1902 \u2013 August 9, 1989) was an American film character actor.\nBorn in Dallas, Texas, Alexander appeared in numerous film serials such as Flash Gordon, Zorro Rides Again and films like Babes in Toyland, The Gladiator, as well as a leading role in All Quiet on the Western Front.Richard Alexander died at age 86 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California. He is buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California.", "Q104629": "Alejandro Hannig (21 October 1897 \u2013 17 February 1987) was a Chilean sprinter. He competed in the men's 200 metres at the 1928 Summer Olympics.", "Q362500": "Jared Francis Harris (born 24 August 1961) is an English actor. His roles include Lane Pryce in the television drama series Mad Men, David Robert Jones in the science fiction series Fringe, King George VI in the historical series The Crown, Anderson Dawes on the science fiction series The Expanse, Captain Francis Crozier in the AMC series The Terror, and Valery Legasov in the HBO miniseries Chernobyl for which he was nominated for the 2019 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie. He has also had significant supporting roles in films such as Mr. Deeds (2002), The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008), Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (2011), Lincoln (2012), and Allied (2016).", "Q56181": "Rebecca W. Keller, Ph.D., incorporated Gravitas Publications Inc in 2003 to develop and publish core sciences curriculum under the Real Science-4-Kids imprint. She has authored and published Real Science-4-Kids student texts, teacher manuals, and student laboratory workbooks in chemistry, biology and physics to serve kindergarten through ninth grade, available through mainstream and home school book distributors.", "Q539039": "Elizabeth Millen Birch (born September 2, 1956) is an American attorney and former corporate executive who chaired the board of directors of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force from 1992-1994. She served as the Executive Director of the Human Rights Campaign, the nation's largest LGBT organization, from January 1995 until January 2004.\n\n", "Q210182": "La Piscine (The Swimming Pool) is a 1969 Italian-French psychological thriller film directed by Jacques Deray, starring Alain Delon, Romy Schneider, Maurice Ronet and Jane Birkin.\nSet in summertime on the C\u00f4te d'Azur, it is a drama of sexual jealousy and possessiveness. Both French and English-language versions of the film were made, with the actors filmed speaking English for the international release, which was unusual at a time when movies were always either dubbed or subtitled. That 114-minute international release, shorter than the French version, also had a slightly different editing.", "Q66042": "Hilterfingen is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.", "Q444788": "Natalie Talmadge (April 29, 1896 \u2013 June 19, 1969) was an American silent film actress who was best known as the wife of Buster Keaton, and sister of the movie stars Norma and Constance Talmadge. She retired from acting in 1923.", "Q69371": "Rainer Eppelmann (German pronunciation ) (born 12 February 1943 in Berlin), is a German politician. Known for his opposition in the German Democratic Republic, he became Minister for Disarmament and Defense in the last cabinet. He is now a member of the CDU.\nThe erection of the Berlin Wall forced him to drop out of the school he had attended in West Berlin in 1961 and he was forbidden from taking his Abitur exams in the East for refusing to join the Free German Youth movement. He then worked as an assistant to a roofer before doing a job training for bricklayer. He is a pacifist. In 1966, for refusing both regular service and Bausoldat (construction soldier in the National People's Army), he was arrested by the Stasi, and put into prison for eight months where he was tortured, abused and brutally beaten. \nLater, he studied Theology at the theological school in Berlin, an education he completed in 1974 with two exams. He then worked as a Lutheran pastor in Berlin-Friedrichshain and took part in the opposition, such as being the editor of samizdat publications with Thomas Welz. It has been claimed that during this period Eppelmann had contact with the CIA.In 1990, Eppelmann was one of the founding fathers of the Democratic Awakening, becoming its president. Thus, he took an active part in the round table of 1990, preparing the German reunification. From 18 March 1990 to 2 October 1990 (when it ceased to exist) he was a member of the Volkskammer. He became a Minister in the cabinet of Hans Modrow and later in the one of Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re. When the Democratic Awakening joined the Christian Democratic Union in August 1990, Eppelmann became a member and, later, the assisting chairman of the worker's division of the CDU, the CDA.\nHe was a member of the Bundestag from 1990 to 2005 for the Christian Democratic Union. Then, he was chairman of the commission that coped with the history of the German Democratic Republic.\nEppelmann's trademark is his \"Berliner Schnauze\", an idiom that is supposed to bring him close to the people of Berlin.\nHe is married and has five children.", "Q46392": "Amjad Khan (12 November 1940 \u2013 27 July 1992) was an Indian actor and director. He worked in over 130 films in a career spanning nearly twenty years. He enjoyed popularity for villainous roles in Hindi films, the most famous being the iconic Gabbar Singh in the 1975 classic Sholay and of Dilawar in Muqaddar Ka Sikandar (1978).", "Q115724": "Silvio Varviso (born 26 February 1924, died 1 November 2006) was a Swiss conductor who spent most of his career devoted to conducting opera. He began his conducting career working in minor opera houses in Switzerland in the mid-1940s. He became the principal conductor of the opera house in Basel in 1956 where he served for six years. In the late 1950s he began appearing with major opera houses on the international stage as a guest conductor. During the 1960s, he became a fixture at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City and at the Royal Opera House in London. In 1965 he became the music director of the Royal Swedish Opera, and later in his career served as the music director of the Staatsoper Stuttgart and the Paris Opera. During the early 1990s he became a permanent guest conductor at the Vlaamse Opera where he remained active up until his death.", "Q1186349": "James Busby (7 February 1802 \u2013 15 July 1871) was appointed in 1833 as the British Resident in New Zealand, and became involved in drafting both the 1835 Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand and the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi. As British Resident, he acted as New Zealand's first jurist and the \"originator of law in Aotearoa\", to whom New Zealand owes almost all of its underlying jurisprudence'. Busby is also regarded as the \"father\" of the Australian wine industry, as he brought the first collection of vine stock from Spain and France to Australia.\n\n", "Q1260674": "Milan Peschel (born 1968) is a German actor. He appeared in more than fifty films since 1999.", "Q120947": "Theodor Wolff (2 August 1868 \u2013 23 September 1943) was a German writer who was influential as a journalist, critic and newspaper editor. He was born and died in Berlin. Between 1906 and 1933 he was the chief editor of the politically liberal newspaper Berliner Tageblatt.\nHis talent as a writer won praise from an unlikely quarter: In 1939 Joseph Goebbels recommended his Propaganda Ministry staff to study Wolff's contributions in back numbers of the newspaper that he had edited. According to Goebbels, despite his being Jewish, the quality of Wolff's writing was matched by only very few in Germany.", "Q131692": "The Freedom Party of Austria (German: Freiheitliche Partei \u00d6sterreichs, FP\u00d6) is a right-wing populist, national-conservative political party in Austria. The party, led by Norbert Hofer since September 2019, is a member of the Identity and Democracy group in the European Parliament, as well as of the Identity and Democracy Party.\nThe FP\u00d6 was founded in 1956 as the successor to the short-lived Federation of Independents (VdU), representing the \"Third Camp\" of Austrian politics, i.e. pan-Germanists and national liberals opposed to both socialism and Catholic clericalism. The party's first leader was Anton Reinthaller, a former Nazi functionary and SS officer. The FP\u00d6, a third party with modest support, was admitted to the Liberal International (LI) in 1979 and participated in a government led by the Social Democratic Party (SP\u00d6), following the 1983 legislative election. When J\u00f6rg Haider was chosen as new FP\u00d6 leader in 1986, the party started an ideological turn towards right-wing populism. This new political course soon resulted in a strong surge in electoral support, although it also led the SP\u00d6 to break ties. In 1993, after a controversial proposal on immigration issues, the adherents of a position closer to classical liberalism broke away from the FP\u00d6 and formed the Liberal Forum (LiF), which took over the FP\u00d6's membership in the LI (since the FP\u00d6 considered itself forced to leave) and would later eventually merge into NEOS. Among other things, the party supports the unification of South Tyrol (Italy) with Tyrol (Austria) and therefore the South Tyrolean secessionist movement, which notably includes its South Tyrolean sister party Die Freiheitlichen.\nIn the 1999 legislative election the FP\u00d6 placed second and won 26.9% of the vote, its best-ever result in a nationwide election, and for the first time came ahead of the Austrian People's Party (\u00d6VP) by a small margin. The FP\u00d6 eventually reached a coalition agreement with the \u00d6VP in 2000, but ceded the chancellorship to the \u00d6VP to appease international opinion. The FP\u00d6 soon became uncomfortable with governing and fell sharply in the 2002 legislative election, in which it obtained only 10% of the vote; however, the two parties agreed to continue their coalition following the election. In 2005 increasing internal disagreements in the FP\u00d6 led Haider and several leading members (including all the party's ministers) to defect and form the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZ\u00d6), which replaced the FP\u00d6 as government partner.\nUnder the leadership of Heinz-Christian Strache (2005\u20132019), the party gradually re-gained and increased popular support. In the 2013 legislative election the FP\u00d6 won 20.5% of the vote and, more recently, it came ahead either of the SP\u00d6 or the \u00d6VP in some state elections, entered in an SP\u00d6-led government in Burgenland and gained more than 30% of the vote in Vienna. Finally, in the 2016 presidential election, FP\u00d6 member Norbert Hofer won the first round, receiving 35.1%, but was defeated by The Greens' candidate Alexander Van der Bellen, 53.8% against 46.2%, in the final run-off (an earlier run-off was invalidated).\nIn the nationwide legislative snap elections in October 2017, the FP\u00d6 won 26% of the vote, a narrow third place, and entered the coalition government as a junior partner, with the \u00d6VP leader, Sebastian Kurz, as Chancellor. The Ibiza affair that broke out on 17 May 2019 has led Strache to tender his resignation the next day as both Vice-Chancellor and party leader, which in turn led to the collapse of the coalition with the \u00d6VP, and subsequent new elections. The scandal was triggered by video of a July 2017 meeting in Ibiza, Spain, published on 17 May 2019, appearing to show Strache and Gudenus discussing underhanded political practices. In the video, both politicians appeared receptive to proposals by a woman posing as the niece of a Russian oligarch, discussing providing the FP\u00d6 positive news coverage in return for business contracts. Strache and Gudenus also hinted at corrupt political practices involving other wealthy donors to the FP\u00d6 elsewhere.\nIn a snap election held on 29 September 2019, the Freedom Party won 16 percent of the vote. The results represent a loss of about one-third of the party's seats in parliament.", "Q272061": "Margaret Lindsay (born Margaret Kies; September 19, 1910 \u2013 May 9, 1981) was an American film actress. Her time as a Warner Bros. contract player during the 1930s was particularly productive. She was noted for her supporting work in successful films of the 1930s and 1940s such as Jezebel (1938) and Scarlet Street (1945) and her leading roles in lower-budgeted B movie films such as the Ellery Queen series at Columbia in the early 1940s. Critics regard her portrayal of Nathaniel Hawthorne's Hepzibah Pyncheon in the 1940 film adaptation of The House of the Seven Gables as Lindsay's standout career role.", "Q326342": "Concordia University (French: Universit\u00e9 Concordia; commonly referred to as Concordia) is a public comprehensive research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1974 following the merger of Loyola College and Sir George Williams University, Concordia is one of the three universities in Quebec where English is the primary language of instruction (the others being McGill and Bishop's). As of the 2018-19 academic year, there were 46,829 students enrolled in credit courses at Concordia, making the university among the largest in Canada by enrollment. The university has two campuses, set approximately 7 kilometres (4 miles) apart: Sir George Williams Campus is the main campus, located in Downtown Montreal in an area known as Quartier Concordia; and Loyola Campus in the residential district of Notre-Dame-de-Gr\u00e2ce. With four faculties, a school of graduate studies and numerous colleges, centres and institutes, Concordia offers over 300 undergraduate and 100 graduate programs and courses.The university's John Molson School of Business consistently ranks among the top 10 Canadian business schools and the top 100 worldwide. Moreover, Concordia was ranked seventh in Canada and 229th among world universities in the International Professional Classification of Higher Education Institutions, a worldwide ranking compiled by the \u00c9cole des Mines de Paris that uses as its sole criterion the number of graduates occupying the rank of Chief Executive Officer at Fortune 500 companies.Concordia is a non-sectarian and coeducational institution, with more than 215,000 alumni worldwide.\nThe university is a member of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, International Association of Universities, Canadian Association of Research Libraries, Canadian University Society for Intercollegiate Debate, Canadian Bureau for International Education and Canadian University Press. The university's varsity teams, known as the Stingers, compete in the Quebec Student Sport Federation of U Sports.", "Q1854": "Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh; [t\u02b0\u00e0j\u014b\u031f f\u01d2 h\u00f2 c\u01d0 m\u012b\u014b\u031f] (listen) or [t\u02b0\u00e0n f\u01d2 h\u00f2 c\u01d0 m\u0268\u0304n]), abbreviated as HCMC, also known by its former name Saigon (Vietnamese: S\u00e0i G\u00f2n; [s\u00e0j \u0263\u0254\u0300n] or [\u0282\u00e0j \u0263\u0254\u0300\u014b]), is the most populous city in Vietnam with a population of 9 million (13 million in the metropolitan area) as of 2019. Located in southeastern Vietnam, the metropolis surrounds the Saigon River and covers about 2,061 square kilometres (796 square miles). From 1955 to 1975, Saigon was the capital of the Republic of Vietnam, commonly known as South Vietnam.Ho Chi Minh City is the financial centre of Vietnam and is classified as a Beta+ World City by Globalization and World Cities Research Network. It is home to the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange by total market capitalization in Vietnam and the headquarters of many national and international banks and companies. As a major gateway to Vietnam, the city received over 8.6 million international visitors in 2019, of which 4.1 million were overnight visitors. The main passenger airport serving the metropolitan area is Tan Son Nhat International Airport, the busiest airport in Vietnam handling over 40 million passengers in 2019.", "Q64655": "Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg (16 February 1801\u2013 24 October 1871) was a German zoologist, botanist, entomologist, and forester.", "Q203840": "Isabella Fiorella Elettra Giovanna Rossellini (born 18 June 1952) is an Italian-American actress, filmmaker, author, philanthropist, and model. The daughter of Swedish actress Ingrid Bergman and Italian neorealist film director Roberto Rossellini, she is noted for her successful tenure as a Lanc\u00f4me model, and for her roles in films such as Blue Velvet (1986) and Death Becomes Her (1992). Rossellini also received a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance in Crime of the Century (1996).", "Q245815": "Executioners (Chinese: \u73fe\u4ee3\u8c6a\u4fe0\u50b3; pinyin: Xian dai hao xia zhuan), is a 1993 Hong Kong action film and a sequel to The Heroic Trio, both films which were directed by Johnny To, starring Michelle Yeoh, Anita Mui and Maggie Cheung, returning as the main characters of the first film. Other cast include Damian Lau, Anthony Wong, Takeshi Kaneshiro, Lau Ching-Wan, Paul Chun and Kwan Shan.", "Q482334": "Calvin Forrest Quate (December 7, 1923 \u2013 July 6, 2019) was one of the inventors of the atomic force microscope. He was a professor emeritus of Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering at Stanford University.", "Q966349": "Gideon Moshe Sa'ar (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05b4\u05bc\u05d3\u05b0\u05e2\u05d5\u05b9\u05df \u05e1\u05b7\u05e2\u05b7\u05e8; born 9 December 1966) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the political party Likud between 2003 and 2014, and held cabinet posts of Education Minister and then of Minister of the Interior, from 2009 to 2014. In April 2019, he was re-elected to the 21st Knesset.\n\n", "Q97252": "Kathrin Passig (born 4 June 1970) is a German writer.", "Q3869360": "NASA Astronaut Group 13 (the Hairballs) was a group of 23 astronauts announced by NASA on 17 January 1990. The group name came from its selection of a black cat as a mascot, to play against the traditional unlucky connotations of the number 13.", "Q15523": "Lake Como (Italian: Lago di Como [\u02c8la\u02d0\u0261o di \u02c8k\u0254\u02d0mo], locally [\u02c8ko\u02d0mo]; Western Lombard: Lagh de C\u00f2mm [\u02c8l\u0251\u02d0\u203fd\u02d0e \u02c8k\u0254m], C\u00f3mm [\u02c8kom] or C\u00f9mm [\u02c8kum]), also known as Lario (Italian: [\u02c8la\u02d0rjo]; after the Latin: Larius Lacus), is a lake of glacial origin in Lombardy, Italy. It has an area of 146 square kilometres (56 sq mi), making it the third-largest lake in Italy, after Lake Garda and Lake Maggiore. At over 400 metres (1,300 ft) deep, it is the fifth deepest lake in Europe, and the deepest outside Norway; the bottom of the lake is more than 200 metres (660 ft) below sea level.\nLake Como has been a popular retreat for aristocrats and wealthy people since Roman times, and a very popular tourist attraction with many artistic and cultural gems. It has many villas and palaces such as Villa Olmo, Villa Serbelloni, and Villa Carlotta. Many famous people have had and have homes on the shores of Lake Como.\nOne of its particularity is its characteristic \"Y\" shape, which forms the so-called \"Larian Triangle\", with the little town of Canzo as its capital.\nIn 2014, The Huffington Post called it the most beautiful lake in the world for its microclimate and environment with prestigious villas and villages.", "Q326815": "Glenn Meade is an Irish author. He was born in Finglas, Dublin in 1958. He has written fiction and plays.", "Q128894": "Yitzhak Ben-Zvi (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05b4\u05e6\u05b0\u05d7\u05b8\u05e7 \u05d1\u05b6\u05bc\u05df\u05be\u05e6\u05b0\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u200e\u200e Yitshak Ben-Tsvi; 24 November 1884 \u2013 23 April 1963) was a historian, Labor Zionist leader and the longest-serving President of Israel.", "Q91623": "Herbert Tobias (14 December 1924 \u2013 17 August 1982) was a German photographer who first became well known for his fashion photography during the 1950s. His portrait studies, his photographs of Russia during World War II and his homoerotic pictures of men are all of artistic value. He was one of the first well-known people in Germany to die from AIDS.", "Q1277687": "Legend of Earthsea (later shortened to Earthsea) is a two-night television miniseries adaptation of the \"Earthsea\" novels by Ursula K. Le Guin. It premiered on the Sci-Fi Channel in December 2004.", "Q1585138": "Sidney Louie Gunter Jr. (27 February 1925 \u2013 15 March 2013), known as Hardrock Gunter, was a singer, songwriter and guitarist whose music at the turn of the 1950s prefigured rock and roll and rockabilly music.", "Q3047191": "George Edward \"Ed\" Logg (born 1948 in Seattle) is a retired American arcade video game designer, first employed at Atari, Inc. and later at Atari Games. He currently resides in Los Altos, California.", "Q494556": "Pinellas County (pih-NEL-ess) is a county located on the west central coast of the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 916,542. The county is part of the Tampa\u2013St. Petersburg\u2013Clearwater, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. Clearwater is the county seat, and St. Petersburg is the largest city.", "Q95445": "Walter Dirks (8 January 1901 in H\u00f6rde \u2013 30 May 1991 in Wittnau, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) was a German political commentator, theologian, and journalist.\nHe co-founded the Bensberger Kreis, and was co-editor of the Frankfurter Hefte. He opposed National Socialism, and in Die Arbeit (August 1931) \"described the Catholic reaction to Nazism as 'open warfare'\".Dirks was a supporter of socialism and an opponent of nuclear weapons. With other writers such as Eugen Kogon in the Frankfurter Hefte, he articulated the opposition to rearmament.", "Q727724": "The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Czech and Slovak: Komunistick\u00e1 strana \u010ceskoslovenska, KS\u010c) was a Communist and Marxist\u2013Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992. It was a member of the Comintern. Between 1929 and 1953, it was led by Klement Gottwald. After its election victory in 1946, it seized power in the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'\u00e9tat and established a one-party state allied with the Soviet Union. Nationalization of virtually all private enterprises followed.\nIn 1968, party leader Alexander Dub\u010dek proposed reforms that included a democratic process and initiated the Prague Spring; this led to the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union. Under pressure from the Kremlin, all reforms were repealed, party leadership became taken over by its more authoritarian wing, and a massive non-bloody purge of party members was conducted.\nIn 1989, the party leadership bowed to popular pressure during the Velvet Revolution and agreed to call the first contested election since 1946. In 1990, the centre-based Civic Forum won the election and the Communist Party stood down.\nIn November 1990, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia became a federation of the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia and the Communist Party of Slovakia.\nThe Communist Party of Czechoslovakia was declared to be a criminal organisation in the Czech Republic by the 1993 Act on Illegality of the Communist Regime and on Resistance Against It.", "Q2427963": "Thomas Witherell Palmer (January 25, 1830 \u2013 June 1, 1913) was a U.S. Senator from the state of Michigan. He is considered to be one of the most significant figures in the history of Detroit, Michigan.\nPalmer was born in Detroit, where his mother was the daughter of the third Michigan Territorial Judge James Witherell, while his father was a New England merchant who had settled in the city following the War of 1812. Palmer attended the public schools, Thompson\u2019s Academy in Palmer (now St. Clair), and studied one year at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. He traveled to Spain and South America and then entered the real estate business in Detroit in 1853 and then engaged in lumbering and agricultural pursuits with his future father-in-law, Charles Merrill, beginning in 1855. He served on the first board of directors and as the first president for the Michigan Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (now known as the Michigan Humane Society).\nHe served on the Board of Estimates of Detroit in 1873 and was a member of the Michigan State Senate 1879\u20131880. He was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1883 to March 4, 1889. He was not a candidate for reelection. He was chairman of the Committee on Fisheries in the Forty-ninth Congress, and the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry in the Fiftieth Congress. While in the Senate, he became known as an advocate for the women's suffrage movement, immigration restrictions, and homesteader rights. He is credited with coining a phrase widely adopted by latter-day reformers, Equal rights for all, special privileges to none. On February 6, 1885, he delivered a noted speech arguing in favor of an amendment to the U.S. Constitution granting women's suffrage.\nPalmer was appointed United States Minister to Spain on March 12, 1889 by U.S. President Benjamin Harrison and served from June 17, 1889 to April 19, 1890. He was president of the National Commission of the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago 1890\u20131893. He retired to his Wayne County farm near Detroit.\nPalmer and his wife, Lizzie Pitts Merrill Palmer, became known for their generous gifts to the city of Detroit. Among his activities, Palmer was one of the major benefactors of the Michigan Soldiers and Sailors Monument erected at Campus Martius. In honor of his mother, he built the Mary W. Palmer Memorial Church. He was also one of the founders and the first president of the Detroit Museum of Art (now known as the Detroit Institute of Arts), to which he contributed $16,000 and its current building stands on the site of Palmer's former home.\nLizzie Palmer in 1901 commissioned the Merrill Fountain in Campus Martius, dedicated in honor of her father. New York architects Carrere and Hastings are responsible for the design. The fountain was moved to Palmer Park in 1926. She bequeathed $3 million to found the Merrill-Palmer Institute in 1916, which is a national center for child and family development and is now affiliated with Wayne State University and located in the former house of Charles Lang Freer.\nIn 1897, Palmer donated 140 acres (60 hectares) of land along Woodward Avenue to the city for use as a public park. This land formed the basis of Palmer Park. Palmer had inherited the land from his grandfather Michigan Territorial Judge James Witherell. In 1885, the Palmers had had the prominent architecture firm of Mason & Rice design a rustic log cabin-style summer house on the land, which still remains in the park, although it is currently closed to visitors.\nPalmer was a Unitarian and a member of the Freemasons. He died in Detroit and is interred in Elmwood Cemetery.", "Q201500": "Gerald Stanley Wilson (September 4, 1918 \u2013 September 8, 2014) was an American jazz trumpeter, big band bandleader, composer/arranger, and educator. Born in Mississippi, he was based in Los Angeles from the early 1940s. In addition to being a band leader, Wilson wrote arrangements for Duke Ellington, Sarah Vaughan, Ray Charles, Julie London, Dizzy Gillespie, Ella Fitzgerald, Benny Carter, Lionel Hampton, Billie Holiday, Dinah Washington, and Nancy Wilson.", "Q945590": "Emile Acollas (French: [ak\u0254la]; 25 June 1826, La Ch\u00e2tre \u2013 17 October 1891, Asni\u00e8res) was a French professor of jurisprudence born in La Ch\u00e2tre, Indre and educated in Bourges and Paris.He was one of the founders of the League of Peace and Freedom set up in 1867. His call for the conference gained 10,000 adherents including Victor Hugo, John Stuart Mill, Elis\u00e9e Reclus, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Louis Blanc and Mikhail Bakunin. Karl Marx was dismissive and urged the newly formed International Workingmen's Association to have no official involvement. Acollas insisted that the first Conference, held in Geneva, should be called a \"revolutionary conference\". At the subsequent conference held in 1869 in Lausanne, Acollas attacked the very idea of monarchy. But the League was to collapse with the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War.\nIn 1870 Acollas had the post at the University of Berne, when the Paris Commune appointed him Dean of the Law Faculty of the University of Paris. However he never took up the post and avoided any recriminations, returning to Paris in 1871. He set up the Acollas Law School primarily for foreign students wishing to attend the University of Paris.\nGeorges Clemenceau and the Japanese noble Saionji Kinmochi were both linked to the school. Saionji was to continue to visit Acollas, and later described him as his best friend in Europe. Acollas was interested in oriental language and became a member of the Japanese Research Society. Other Japanese students included Nakae Chomin who was active in the Japanese Freedom and People's Rights Movement.\nAcollas took a critical view of Rousseau's theory of rights, arguing that his ideas on individual autonomy would lead to a dictatorship of the majority. Rather he proposed a republican system of representative government. His student Nakae translated Rousseau's Social Contract and became known as the \"Rousseau of the East\".\nAcollas ran unsuccessfully in the French general election in 1876 calling for a complete amnesty for the communards, calling for a decentralised federalism, revocable mandates for elected representatives and free association a way of gaining an equitable distribution of goods. These demands were similar to Bakunin's proposals at the League for Peace and Freedom and are also present in the demands of the Japanese Popular Rights Movement.\nAcollas is mentioned in Nakae's book A Discourse by Three Drunkards on Government 1887, where a character called \"Shinshikun\" (Highbrow) remarks:\n\nRecently when the French philosopher Emile Acollas classified all the various kinds of laws, he ranked international law in terms of morality rather than jurisprudence. According to Acollas . . . (m)orality, unlike law, is made effective by the dictates of individual conscience. Similarly international law has no officials to enforce it, but depends instead only on the 'consciences' of the nations involved.", "Q267685": "Thelma \"Butterfly\" McQueen (January 7, 1911 \u2013 December 22, 1995) was an American actress. Originally a dancer, McQueen first appeared in film in 1939 as Prissy, Scarlett O'Hara's maid, in the film Gone with the Wind. She was unable to attend the movie's premiere because it was held at a whites-only theater.\nOften typecast as a maid, she said: \"I didn't mind playing a maid the first time, because I thought that was how you got into the business. But after I did the same thing over and over, I resented it. I didn't mind being funny, but I didn't like being stupid.\" She continued as an actress in film in the 1940s, and then moved to television acting in the 1950s.", "Q124710": "Mutaib bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u200e, Mut\u02bfib bin \u02bfAbd al-\u02bfAz\u012bz \u0100l Su\u02bf\u016bd) (1928 or 1931 \u2013 2 December 2019) was a senior member of the Saudi royal family and in the last months of his life was the oldest surviving son of Ibn Saud (King Abdulaziz).", "Q57076": "B\u00e6rum ([\u02c8b\u00e6\u0302\u02d0r\u0289m] (listen)) is a municipality in Viken County, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Sandvika. B\u00e6rum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. A suburb of Oslo, B\u00e6rum is located on the west coast of the city.\nB\u00e6rum has the highest income per capita in Norway and the highest proportion of university-educated individuals. B\u00e6rum, particularly its eastern neighbourhoods bordering West End Oslo, is one of Norway's priciest and most fashionable residential areas, leading B\u00e6rum residents to be frequently stereotyped as snobs in Norwegian popular culture. The municipality has been voted the best Norwegian place to live in considering governance and public services to citizens.", "Q1426693": "Jared Michael Rushton (born March 3, 1974) is an American musician and former actor. He is best known for his roles in several films from the late 1980s, including Honey, I Shrunk the Kids, Big, and Overboard. He has been nominated for two Saturn Awards and two Young Artist Awards. He is also known for his roles in Pet Sematary Two and as Chip on the sitcom Roseanne. Rushton currently plays guitar in the rock band Deal by Dusk.", "Q175239": "Tom Loftin Johnson (July 18, 1854 in Georgetown, Kentucky \u2013 April 10, 1911 in Cleveland, Ohio) was an American industrialist, Georgist politician, and important figure of the Progressive Era and a pioneer in urban political and social reform. He was a U.S. Representative from 1891 to 1895 and Mayor of Cleveland for four terms from 1901 to 1909. Johnson was one of the most well known, vocal, and dedicated admirers of Henry George's views on political economy and anti-monopoly reform.", "Q11023": "Engineering is the use of scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied mathematics, applied science, and types of application. See glossary of engineering.\nThe term engineering is derived from the Latin ingenium, meaning \"cleverness\" and ingeniare, meaning \"to contrive, devise\".", "Q510642": "Rose Constance \"Connie\" Gilchrist (February 2, 1901 \u2013 March 3, 1985) was an American actress. She is known for her roles in the films Cry 'Havoc' (1943), A Letter to Three Wives (1949), Little Women (1949), Tripoli (1950), Houdini (1953), Some Came Running (1958), and Auntie Mame (1958).", "Q434086": "Anna Kanakis (Greek: \u0386\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1 \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7) (born in 1962 in Messina, Italy) to a Greek father and an Italian mother, is an Italian actress and model.\nShe was Miss Italy in 1977 at only 15 years old.", "Q47265": "Palo Alto () is a charter city located in the northwestern corner of Santa Clara County, California, United States, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Palo Alto means tall stick in Spanish; the city is named after a coastal redwood tree called El Palo Alto.\nThe city was established by Leland Stanford Sr. when he founded Stanford University, following the death of his son, Leland Stanford Jr. Palo Alto includes portions of Stanford University and shares its borders with East Palo Alto, Mountain View, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Stanford, Portola Valley, and Menlo Park. As of the 2010 census, the city's total resident population is 64,403. Palo Alto is one of the five most expensive cities in the United States to live in and its residents are among the highest educated in the country.As one of the principal cities of Silicon Valley, Palo Alto is headquarters to a number of high-technology companies, including Hewlett-Packard (HP), Space Systems/Loral, VMware, Tesla, Ford Research and Innovation Center, PARC, IDEO, Skype, Palantir Technologies, Houzz, and Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center. Palo Alto has also served as an incubator and is headquarters to several other prominent high-technology companies such as Apple, Google, Facebook, Logitech, Intuit, Pinterest, and PayPal.", "Q82887": "Daniele Liotti (born 1 April 1971, in Rome) is an Italian actor. He performed in more than thirty films since 1993.", "Q175": "S\u00e3o Paulo (Portuguese pronunciation: [s\u0250\u0303w\u0303 \u02c8pawlu] (listen)) is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus. As the richest Brazilian state and a major industrial complex, often dubbed the \"locomotive of Brazil\", the state is responsible for 33.9% of the Brazilian GDP. S\u00e3o Paulo also has the second highest Human Development Index (HDI) and GDP per capita, the fourth lowest infant mortality rate, the third highest life expectancy, and the third lowest rate of illiteracy among the federative units of Brazil, being by far, the safest state in the country. The homicide rate is 3.8 per 100 thousand as of 2018, almost 1/4 of the Brazilian rate. S\u00e3o Paulo alone is richer than Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia combined. The economy of S\u00e3o Paulo state is the most developed in Brazil.With more than 46 million inhabitants in 2019, S\u00e3o Paulo is the most populous Brazilian state, the most populous national subdivision in the Americas, and the third most populous political unit of South America, surpassed only by the rest of the Brazilian Federation and Colombia. The local population is one of the most diverse in the country and descended mostly from Italians, who began immigrating to the country in the late 19th century; of the Portuguese, who colonized Brazil and installed the first European settlements in the region; indigenous peoples, many distinct ethnic groups; Africans, who were brought from Africa as slaves in the colonial era and migrants from other regions of the country. In addition, Arabs, Germans, Spanish, Japanese, Chinese, and Greeks also are present in the ethnic composition of the local population.\nThe area that today corresponds to the state territory was already inhabited by indigenous peoples from approximately 12,000 BC. In the early 16th century, the coast of the region was visited by Portuguese and Spanish explorers and navigators. In 1532 Martim Afonso de Sousa would establish the first Portuguese permanent settlement in the Americas\u2014the village of S\u00e3o Vicente, in the Baixada Santista. In the 17th century, the paulistas bandeirantes intensified the exploration of the interior of the colony, which eventually expanded the territorial domain of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire in South America. In the 18th century, after the establishment of the Province of S\u00e3o Paulo, the region began to gain political weight. After independence in 1820, S\u00e3o Paulo began to become a major agricultural producer (mainly coffee) in the newly constituted Empire of Brazil, which ultimately created a rich regional rural oligarchy, which would switch on the command of the Brazilian government with Minas Gerais's elites during the early republican period in the 1880s. Under the Vargas Era, the state was one of the first to initiate a process of industrialization and its population became one of the most urban of the federation.\nThe city of S\u00e3o Paulo, the homonymous state capital, is ranked as the world's 12th largest city and its metropolitan area, with 20 million inhabitants, is the 9th largest in the world and first in the Americas. Regions near the city of S\u00e3o Paulo are also metropolitan areas, such as Campinas, Santos, Sorocaba and S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos. The total population of these areas coupled with the state capital\u2014the so-called \"Expanded Metropolitan Complex of S\u00e3o Paulo\"\u2014exceeds 30 million inhabitants, i.e. approximately 75 percent of the population of S\u00e3o Paulo statewide, the first macro-metropolis in the southern hemisphere, joining 65 municipalities that together are home to 12 percent of the Brazilian population.\n\n", "Q68286": "Horgen is a municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.\nIt is one of the larger towns along the south bank of the Lake of Zurich.\nOn 1 January 2018 the former municipality of Hirzel merged into the municipality of Horgen.", "Q49248": "Carla Meninsky is a former video game designer and programmer active during the early years of the Atari VCS.\nAlong with Carol Shaw (creator of 3-D Tic-Tac-Toe and River Raid), Meninsky was one of three female engineers at Atari, Inc. to develop video game cartridges.\nShe later became an intellectual property lawyer.", "Q69198": "Anton Ackermann (real name: Eugen Hanisch, 25 November 1905 Thalheim, Saxony \u2013 4 May 1973 East Berlin) was an East German politician. In 1953, he briefly served as Minister of Foreign Affairs.\n\n", "Q60802": "Elizabeth Ann Reaser (born July 2, 1975) is an American film, television, and stage actress. Her work includes the films Stay, The Family Stone, Sweet Land, Against the Current, The Twilight Saga, Young Adult, and Ouija: Origin of Evil, and the TV series Saved, Grey's Anatomy, The Ex-List, The Good Wife, True Detective, The Handmaid's Tale, and The Haunting of Hill House.", "Q435398": "Eagle-Eye Lanoo Cherry (born 7 May 1968) is a Swedish singer and stage performer from Stockholm, Sweden. His 1997 single \"Save Tonight\" received commercial success in Ireland, the United States and the United Kingdom, and was voted song of the year in New Zealand. \nEagle-Eye Cherry is of Choctaw descent, the son of a jazz artist. He pursued acting during high school, attending class alongside contemporaries Jennifer Aniston and Chaz Bono. Cherry\u2019s acting career was set aside as his musical career took precedence in his life with his debut album Desireless in 1997. He has released several other albums since his debut, and has co-written for other artists and films, and has guest-starred on reality television. Cherry's music is of the acoustic, rock, post-grunge and alternative rock genres.", "Q39977": "Todd Lowe (born May 10, 1977) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Terry Bellefleur, a PTSD-suffering Iraq War veteran who works as a short order cook at Merlotte's Bar & Grill., on HBO's True Blood and as Zack Van Gerbig on Gilmore Girls. In 2017 he played the role of Colin Dobbs, another war veteran, in five episodes of the USA Network series Shooter (TV series), based on the 2007 film of the same name and the novel Point of Impact by Stephen Hunter\nIn addition to television and film, Todd has starred in over twenty stage productions and has worked on several plays written by playwright Justin Tanner.\nLowe has been a singer and guitarist for Pilbilly Knights, a country-rock band based in Los Angeles. The band released a compact disc, California Nigth Club (sic) in January 2007. He is currently a member of another rock country band, The LA Hootenanny.\nLowe is a graduate of The University of Texas at Austin graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1999. While looking for jobs as an actor, Lowe worked as a substitute teacher.", "Q5603": "Andy Warhol (; born Andrew Warhola; August 6, 1928 \u2013 February 22, 1987) was an American artist, film director, and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore the relationship between artistic expression, advertising, and celebrity culture that flourished by the 1960s, and span a variety of media, including painting, silkscreening, photography, film, and sculpture. Some of his best known works include the silkscreen paintings Campbell's Soup Cans (1962) and Marilyn Diptych (1962), the experimental film Chelsea Girls (1966), and the multimedia events known as the Exploding Plastic Inevitable (1966\u201367).\nBorn and raised in Pittsburgh, Warhol initially pursued a successful career as a commercial illustrator. After exhibiting his work in several galleries in the late 1950s, he began to receive recognition as an influential and controversial artist. His New York studio, The Factory, became a well-known gathering place that brought together distinguished intellectuals, drag queens, playwrights, Bohemian street people, Hollywood celebrities, and wealthy patrons. He promoted a collection of personalities known as Warhol superstars, and is credited with inspiring the widely used expression \"15 minutes of fame\". In the late 1960s he managed and produced the experimental rock band The Velvet Underground and founded Interview magazine. He authored numerous books, including The Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism: The Warhol Sixties. He lived openly as a gay man before the gay liberation movement. After gallbladder surgery, Warhol died of cardiac arrhythmia in February 1987 at the age of 58.\nWarhol has been the subject of numerous retrospective exhibitions, books, and feature and documentary films. The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city of Pittsburgh, which holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives, is the largest museum in the United States dedicated to a single artist. Many of his creations are very collectible and highly valuable. The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$105 million for a 1963 canvas titled Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster); his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold. A 2009 article in The Economist described Warhol as the \"bellwether of the art market\".", "Q1678025": "Jacques Lebaudy (1868 - January 11, 1919) was a Frenchman from an extremely wealthy family of sugar refiners, known for his eccentricity and his attempt to establish a new nation, the Empire of the Sahara. The circumstances of his death in 1919 in Westbury, Long Island, resulted in a sensational grand jury proceeding.", "Q771204": "Stephen Estaban Kelen OAM (Hungarian: Kelen Istv\u00e1n; 21 March 1912 \u2013 1 May 2003) was a Hungarian-Australian sportsman, journalist, author, and playwright. He won seven gold medals at the World Table Tennis Championships in the 1920s and 1930s. After moving to Australia in 1939 he had a long writing career in English.", "Q313110": "Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev (Nepali: \u092e\u0939\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0939; 11 June 1920 \u2013 31 January 1972) was King of Nepal from 1955 to 1972. Mahendra was born 11 June 1920 to King Tribhuvan of Nepal. Although Tribhuvan was nominally king since 1911. Mahendra was captive in Narayanhity Royal Palace, virtually a gilded cage. In 1940 he married Indra Rajya Lakshmi Devi,[5][6] daughter of General Hari Shamsher Rana. Mahendra had 3 sons, Birendra, Gyanendra, Dhirendra and three daughters Shanti, Sharada, and Shobha. Crown Princess Indra died in 1950. In 1952, Mahendra married Indra's younger sister, Ratna Rajya Lakshmi Devi. This marriage produced no children.", "Q232874": "Lydia Susanna Hunt (born April 2, 1945), better known by her stage name Linda Hunt, is an American actress. After making her film debut playing Mrs. Oxheart in Popeye (1980), Hunt's breakthrough came playing the male character Billy Kwan in The Year of Living Dangerously (1982), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, becoming the first person to win an Oscar portraying a character of the opposite sex.\nShe has had great success in films such as The Bostonians (1984), Dune (1984), Silverado (1985), Eleni (1985), Waiting for the Moon (1987), She-Devil (1989), Kindergarten Cop (1990), If Looks Could Kill (1991), Rain Without Thunder (1992), Twenty Bucks (1993), Younger and Younger (1993), Pr\u00eat-\u00e0-Porter (1994), Pocahontas (1995), The Relic (1997), Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World (1998), Dragonfly (2002), Yours Mine and Ours (2005), and Stranger than Fiction (2006).\nHunt has also had a successful television career. She played Rose in the television movie Basements (1987) and narrated in the television movie The New Chimpanzees. She guest-starred on Hallmark Hall of Fame in both 1978 and 1987, Space Rangers in 1993, Carnivale in both 2003 and 2005, Without a Trace in 2008, The Unit in 2008, and Nip/Tuck in 2009. From 1997 to 2002, Hunt played the recurring role of Judge Zoey Hiller on The Practice. She currently portrays Henrietta \"Hetty\" Lange on the CBS television series NCIS: Los Angeles, a role she has played since 2009, for which she has received two Teen Choice Awards. She is also the narrator for the Greek era of the God of War video game franchise.\n\n", "Q185860": "Claire McNab (born 1940 in Melbourne, Australia) is the pseudonym of Claire Carmichael. While pursuing a career as a high school teacher in Sydney, she began her writing career with comedy plays and textbooks. She left teaching in the mid-1980s to become a full-time writer. In her native Australia she is known for her self-help and children's books.\nShe is best known for 14 crime novels featuring the highly popular Detective-Inspector Carol Ashton and six featuring undercover agent Denise Cleever. Her latest series features Kylie Kendall, an Australian transplanted to Los Angeles, who determines to become a private investigator in order to pursue her father's business and his business partner.\nMcNab has served as the president of Sisters in Crime and is a member of both the Mystery Writers of America and the Science Fiction Writers of America. She is a 2006 Medal Winner of the Alice B. Awards and was nominated for the 1996 Lammy Award Lesbian Mystery Award.She moved to Los Angeles in 1994 after falling in love with an American woman, and now teaches not-yet-published writers through the UCLA Writers' Extension Program.In addition to crime fiction, McNab has published children's novels, picture books, self-help, and English textbooks.\nShe returns to Australia at least once a year to refresh her aussie accent.", "Q99519": "Annemarie Reinhard (official name after marriage Annemarie Gode) (29 November 1921 \u2013 10 November 1976) was a German writer.", "Q426482": "Come to the Stable is a 1949 American film which tells the true story of the Abbey of Regina Laudis and the two French religious sisters who come to a small New England town and involve the townsfolk in helping them to build a children's hospital. It stars Loretta Young, Celeste Holm, Hugh Marlowe, Elsa Lanchester, Thomas Gomez, Dooley Wilson and Regis Toomey.\nThe movie was based on a script written by Clare Boothe Luce, and the screenplay was written by Sally Benson, Clare Boothe Luce and Oscar Millard. It was directed by Henry Koster.\nIt was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actress in a Leading Role (Loretta Young), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Celeste Holm and Elsa Lanchester), Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White (Lyle R. Wheeler, Joseph C. Wright, Thomas Little, and Paul S. Fox), Best Cinematography, Best Music, Song (Alfred Newman and Mack Gordon for \"Through a Long and Sleepless Night\") and Best Writing, Motion Picture Story.", "Q307165": "Globe (\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d6, Gur\u014dbu, also styled as globe) were a dance-oriented Japanese pop band, formed in 1995 by producer and songwriter Tetsuya Komuro. Originally consisting of Komuro, Keiko Yamada and Marc Panther, the group's singles consistently hit the charts. In late 2002 Yoshiki, drummer and pianist for X Japan, joined the group, but he left the band about a year later.\nTheir 1996 debut album, Globe, sold over 4 million copies, and their 1998 single \"wanna Be A Dreammaker\" won the grand prix award at the 40th Japan Record Awards, the Japanese record industry's highest honor. Komuro also mentioned there will be some collaboration work with other artists with the artist title of Globe Featuring, and Globe Extreme for collaborations with Yoshiki.", "Q126107": "Henry Bentinck, 1st Duke of Portland (17 March 1682 \u2013 4 July 1726), of Titchfield, Hampshire, styled Viscount Woodstock from 1689 until 1709, was a British Whig politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons from 1705 until 1709 when he succeeded to the perage as Earl of Portland. He was Governor of Jamaica from 1721 to 1726.\n\n", "Q121668": "James Charles Marshall, OBE (29 July 1923 \u2013 5 April 2012) known as The Father of Loud or The Lord of Loud, was an English businessman and pioneer of guitar amplification. His company, Marshall Amplification, has created equipment that is used by some of the biggest names in rock music, producing amplifiers with an iconic status. In 2003 Marshall was awarded an OBE at Buckingham Palace for \"services to the music industry and to charity\". In 2009 he was given the Freedom of the Borough of Milton Keynes for his work in the community.", "Q1388121": "Michael Anthony Banks, better known as \"Mad\" Mike Banks, is an American record producer. He is the co-founder, along with Jeff Mills, of record label Underground Resistance and was a key player in the \"second generation\" of Detroit techno.\nBanks lives in Detroit, Michigan and is a former studio musician (bass/guitar), having played with Parliament/Funkadelic among others. He worked in the second half of the 1980s with the collective Members of the House, releasing several 12\" singles. Banks and Mills founded the label Underground Resistance in the late 1980s, and the pair, along with Robert Hood, produced most of the label's early releases. After Hood and Mills's departure from Underground Resistance, Banks headed the label himself, releasing material from acts such as Drexciya and Sean Deason in addition to his own productions.He is also co-founder and co-owner with Christa Robinson of Submerge Distribution since 1992. Submerge, along with Underground Resistance, is an independent record label which distributes Detroit-based techno worldwide.Among Banks's early influences are Derrick May, Juan Atkins and Marshall Jefferson; his later work shows his increasing interest in acid house and industrial. Banks has hewn strictly to an ethic of the underground and refuses to be photographed in public as part of this ethic. His releases often deal with elements of political and social commentary, which have made him a controversial figure from within the Detroit electronic music scene. Banks quit playing live shows in the late 1990s due to continuing problems with bringing electronic equipment through customs agencies, but began doing live shows again in the mid-2000s.", "Q505529": "Trossingen is a town in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is situated in a region called Baar, between the Swabian Alb and the Black Forest. Stuttgart is about an hour away, Lake Constance about half an hour, and the source of the river Danube can be reached in about twenty minutes by car.\nTrossingen is renowned as a \"music town\". Although it has only around 16,000 inhabitants, the town is home to the renowned 'University of Music Trossingen' [1] (with its famous Early Music department), which is one of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg's five state conservatories, and there are several other institutions specializing in musical education, like the 'Bundesakademie f\u00fcr musikalische Jugendbildung' [2] and the 'Hohner Konservatorium' [3].\nIn 1830 Christian Messner from Trossingen, a cloth maker and weaver, copied a harmonica brought to Trossingen by his next door neighbor, a clockmaker from Vienna. This was the beginning of musical instrument production in the town. Messner was so successful at making such instruments that eventually his brother and some relatives also started making harmonicas. From 1840 on his nephew Christian Weiss started working on his own, so by 1855 there were two registered businesses - Christian Messner & Co. and W\u00fcrtt. Harmonikafabrik Ch. WEISS. Trossingen is also the home of the world's oldest extant harmonica manufacturer, C.A Seydel Sohne, founded in 1847.\nSee German Wikipedia page about de:Christian Messner.\nIn 1857 the Matthias Hohner company was founded. Today, Hohner harmonicas and accordions are well known all over the world. Trossingen also houses the German Harmonica Museum.\nTrossingen has a historic railway: the Trossinger Eisenbahn.\nAt the edge of town, in a former clay quarry, were found several dozen skeletons, both complete and partial, of the prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus engelhardti during excavations in the early 20th century. The local museum Auberlehaus houses several original bones.\n\n", "Q378969": "Grandads-Robbers (Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0301\u2013\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, romanized: Stariki-razboyniki) is a 1972 Soviet comedy-drama by Eldar Ryazanov, filmed on Mosfilm. Movie title resembles the name of a Russian children's traditional yard game Cossacks-Robbers (Russian: \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0438\u2013\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, romanized: kazaki-razboyniki).", "Q213662": "Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann (German: [\u02c8laxman]; 4 March 1793 \u2013 13 March 1851) was a German philologist and critic. He is particularly noted for his foundational contributions to the field of textual criticism.", "Q205000": "Shaike Ophir (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05e8\u200e; November 4, 1928 \u2013 August 17, 1987) was an Israeli film and theater actor, comedian, playwright, screenwriter, director, and the country's first mime.", "Q120576": "Tilo Frey (2 May 1923 \u2013 27 June 2008) ) was a Swiss politician. She was one of the first twelve women elected to the National Council in 1971 and was the first person of African descent elected to the National Council. Prior to her service at the federal level, she was a member of the munucipal council of Neuch\u00e2tel and the Grand Council of Neuch\u00e2tel.Frey was the daughter of a Swiss father, Paul Frey of Brugg, and a Fula mother, Fatimatou Bibabadama. As a mixed-race child in Switzerland, Frey faced considerable racism. Even her father advised her to \"act as white as a lily\".She was educated as a teacher and taught business classes at the Ecole de commerce of Neuch\u00e2tel in 1972\u20131976. From 1976 to 1984, she was director of the Ecole professionnelle de jeunes filles.\nShe became active in politics in 1959 once the Canton of Neuch\u00e2tel gave women the right to vote and run for public office. When she was elected to the Grand Council of Neuch\u00e2tel, she became the first person of color to serve in that body. In 1971, Swiss voters approved a referendum giving women the right to vote and to stand for office. Frey entered the race for the National Council in the 1971 Swiss federal election and won a seat as a member of the Free Democratic Party, joining nine other women who entered the Council. Media coverage at the time was heavily focused on her race during the campaign. Among her key issues were equal pay for woman and legalized abortion. She was not re-elected in the 1975 election. After her defeat, she returned to education as director of the Ecole professionnelle de jeunes filles.\nFrey died on 27 June 2008 in her hometown of Neuch\u00e2tel at the age of 85.In June 2019, Neuch\u00e2tel changed the name of Espace Louis-Agassiz, near the Faculty of Letters of the University of Neuch\u00e2tel area, to Espace Tilo Frey. Louis Agassiz, who was a professor at the university in natural history and glaciology. Now recognized as having racist views, Agassiz published work on polygenism that claimed a ranking of the races in which blacks were inferior to whites and defended racial segregation.\n\n", "Q429969": "Insomnia is a 2002 American psychological thriller film directed by Christopher Nolan and written by Hillary Seitz. It stars Al Pacino, Robin Williams, Hilary Swank, Maura Tierney, Martin Donovan, Nicky Katt and Paul Dooley, and is based on the 1997 Norwegian film of the same name. The film tells the story of two Los Angeles homicide detectives investigating a murder in Nightmute, Alaska.\nReleased on May 24, 2002, Insomnia grossed over $113 million worldwide against a production budget of $46 million, and received critical praise for its screenplay, cinematography, direction, and acting, particularly Pacino's and Williams' performances.\n\n", "Q376944": "Sand in Taufers (German pronunciation: [sant \u026an \u02c8ta\u028a\u032ff\u0250s]; Italian: Campo Tures [\u02c8kampo \u02c8tu\u02d0res]) is a comune mercato (market town) in South Tyrol in northern Italy.", "Q298651": "Iris Johansen (born April 7, 1938) is an American author of crime fiction, suspense fiction, and romance novels.", "Q514424": "Andrus Kivir\u00e4hk (born 17 August 1970) is an Estonian writer, a playwright, topical satirist, and screenwriter. As of, 2004, 25,000 copies of his novel Rehepapp ehk November (Old Barny aka November) had been sold, making him the most popular 21st century Estonian writer. His book Mees, kes teadis ussis\u00f5nu (The Man Who Spoke Snakish) (2007) has been one of the top selling books in Estonia. He has been a member of the Estonian Writers' Union (in Estonian: Eesti Kirjanike Liit) since 1996.", "Q215213": "Gad Granach (29 March 1915 \u2013 6 January 2011) was the son of German actor Alexander Granach known for his roles in Nosferatu, Ninotchka, and For Whom the Bell Tolls. Gad Granach fled Germany at the age of 21 during the rise of Nazism, immigrating to the then-British Mandate of Palestine in 1936. He published a memoir entitled Where is Home? Stories from the Life of a German-Jewish \u00c9migr\u00e9 (originally in German: Heimat los! Aus dem Leben eines j\u00fcdischen Emigranten) recounting of his early life in Berlin and subsequent life in Israel.", "Q436849": "Neil Miller (born 1945) is an American journalist and nonfiction writer, best known for his books on LGBT history and culture.", "Q790788": "Avianca Holdings (formerly AviancaTaca AirHoldings Inc.) is a Latin American airline holding company formed in February 2010 by the merger of two airlines, Avianca from Colombia and TACA Airlines from El Salvador. The company is a subsidiary of Synergy Group, a South American conglomerate based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Avianca Holdings S.A. is headquartered in Panama City, Panama.", "Q552471": "Hubert Lagardelle (8 July 1874 \u2013 20 September 1958) was a pioneer of French revolutionary syndicalism. He regularly authored reviews for the Plans magazine, was co-founder of the journal Pr\u00e9lude, and Minister of Labour in the Vichy regime.\n\n", "Q127219": "Casimir Marie Ange Oy\u00e9-Mba (born 20 April 1942) is a Gabonese politician. After serving as Governor of the Bank of Central African States (BEAC) from 1978 to 1990, Oy\u00e9-Mba was Prime Minister of Gabon from 3 May 1990 to 2 November 1994. Subsequently he remained in the government as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from 1994 to 1999, Minister of State for Planning from 1999 to 2007, and Minister of State for Mines and Oil from 2007 to 2009.\n\n", "Q232860": "Lois Ruth Maxwell (born Hooker; 14 February 1927 \u2013 29 September 2007) was a Canadian actress, best known for her portrayal of Miss Moneypenny in all the first fourteen Eon-produced James Bond films (1962\u20131985). She was the first actress to play the part. The films in which she played Miss Moneypenny were Dr. No (1962), From Russia with Love (1963), Goldfinger (1964), Thunderball (1965), You Only Live Twice (1967), On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969), Diamonds Are Forever (1971), Live and Let Die (1973), The Man with the Golden Gun (1974), The Spy Who Loved Me (1977), Moonraker (1979), For Your Eyes Only (1981), Octopussy (1983), and A View to a Kill (1985). She did not appear in the 1954 and 1967 adaptations of Casino Royale, nor in the 1983 remake of Thunderball, Never Say Never Again, as the production was not Eon's, though she did, as a similar character, in the spoof O.K. Connery.\nShe began her film career in the late 1940s, and won the Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer for her performance in That Hagen Girl (1947). Following a number of small film roles, Maxwell became dissatisfied and travelled to Italy, where she worked in film from 1951 to 1955. After her marriage, she moved to the United Kingdom, where she appeared in several television productions.\nAs Maxwell's career declined, she lived in Canada, Switzerland, and the UK. In 2001, she was diagnosed with bowel cancer and moved to Western Australia, where she lived with her son until her death at age 80 in 2007.", "Q522182": "S\u00e1ndor Csizmadia (10 March 1871 \u2013 3 March 1929) was a Hungarian politician and poet, who served as People's Commissar of Agriculture during the Hungarian Soviet Republic. However soon his relations decayed with the leaders of the proletarian dictature, so he left the Hungarian Central Executive Council. He committed suicide in 1929.", "Q178709": "Giambattista Vico (born Giovan Battista Vico ; Italian: [\u02c8viko]; 23 June 1668 \u2013 23 January 1744) was an Italian political philosopher and rhetorician, historian and jurist, of the Age of Enlightenment. He criticized the expansion and development of modern rationalism, was an apologist for Classical Antiquity, a precursor of systematic and complex thought, in opposition to Cartesian analysis and other types of reductionism, and was the first expositor of the fundamentals of social science and of semiotics. \nThe Latin aphorism Verum esse ipsum factum (\"What is true is precisely what is made\") coined by Vico is an early instance of constructivist epistemology. He inaugurated the modern field of the philosophy of history, and, although the term philosophy of history is not in his writings, Vico spoke of a \"history of philosophy narrated philosophically.\" Although he was not an historicist, contemporary interest in Vico usually has been motivated by historicists, such as Isaiah Berlin, a historian of ideas, Edward Said, a literary critic, and Hayden White, a metahistorian.Vico's intellectual magnum opus is the book Scienza Nuova (1725, New Science), which attempts a systematic organization of the humanities as a single science that recorded and explained the historical cycles by which societies rise and fall.\n\n", "Q289748": "Catarina de Lemos Wallenstein (born 23 August 1986) is a Portuguese actress. She has appeared in more than twenty films since 2004.", "Q661771": "The Swiss Party of Labour (German: Partei der Arbeit der Schweiz; French: Parti Suisse du Travail - Parti Ouvrier et Populaire; Italian: Partito Svizzero del Lavoro \u2013 Partito Operaio e Popolare; Romansh: Partida svizra da la lavur) is a communist party in Switzerland. It is associated with the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left group in the European Parliament, although Switzerland is not in the EU.", "Q245430": "5 Days of War is a 2011 action film directed by Renny Harlin. The story is about the Russo-Georgian War over the Russian-backed breakaway autonomous republic of South Ossetia in Georgia, including the events leading up to the conflict.\nThe film was released in Georgia as 5 Days of August, and in other countries as 5 Days of War and also City on Fire.", "Q45466": "Josef Andreas Jungmann (16 November 1889 \u2013 26 January 1975) was a prominent Jesuit priest and liturgist. He was an influential advocate of the Liturgical Movement, and is known for his 2-volume history Mass of the Roman Rite, which contributed to informing the reforms to the Mass during and following the Second Vatican Council, as well as his work in the post-Vatican II catechetical movement in the Catholic Church.\n\n", "Q91151": "Karl Knortz (28 August 1841 Garbenheim, Rhenish Prussia \u2013 27 July 1918 North Tarrytown, New York) was a German-American author.", "Q580523": "Jo\u00e3o Pinheiro Chagas (1 September 1863 \u2013 28 May 1925; Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0292u\u02c8\u0250\u0303w\u0303 pi\u02c8\u0272\u0250j\u027eu \u02c8\u0283a\u0261\u0250\u0283]) was a Portuguese journalist and politician. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, of Portuguese parents who soon moved back to Portugal. He was an editor at the newspapers O Primeiro de Janeiro, Correio do Norte, O Tempo and O Dia. After becoming a republican, he also founded the Rep\u00fablica Portuguesa and was the director of O Pa\u00eds (1898).", "Q88400": "Mario Barth (born 1 November 1972 in Berlin) is a German comedian who mainly deals with the interactions between men and women.", "Q166537": "Clarence Daniel Martin (June 29, 1886 \u2013 August 11, 1955) was the 11th Governor of the state of Washington \u2014 the first born in the territory of the state. A Democrat, he served two terms from 1933 to 1941.\nMartin was born and raised in Cheney in the Washington Territory. He graduated from the University of Washington in Seattle in 1906, and joined his father in running the Cheney Grain and Milling Company. From 1928 to 1936 Martin was the mayor of Cheney. While still in office, he ran for and was elected in 1932 as governor of the state of Washington. He was known as the \"people's governor\" for his strict frugality in government spending, but he also oversaw large economic projects, such as the Grand Coulee Dam in the North Cascades, to put people to work during the Great Depression.\nHe married Margaret Mulligan of Spokane in 1907, and they had three sons. Martin died in 1955 at the age of 69 and is buried at the Fairmount Memorial Park in Spokane.Martin Stadium and Academic Center, the football stadium at Washington State University in Pullman, was named in his honor at its opening in 1972.", "Q243041": "Susan Janet Ballion, known professionally as Siouxsie Sioux (, born 27 May 1957), is an English singer, songwriter, musician and producer. \nShe is best known as the lead singer of the rock band Siouxsie and the Banshees (1976\u20131996). They released 11 studio albums and had several UK Top 20 singles including \"Hong Kong Garden\", \"Happy House\", \"Peek-a-Boo\", plus a US Billboard Top 25 hit \"Kiss Them for Me\". \nSiouxsie also formed a second band the Creatures (1981\u20132005). With the Creatures, she recorded four studio albums and the hit single \"Right Now\". After disbanding the Creatures in the mid-2000s, she has continued as a solo artist, using the name Siouxsie, and released Mantaray in 2007.\nAllMusic named Siouxsie as \"one of the most influential British singers of the rock era\". Her songs have been covered by Jeff Buckley, Tricky and LCD Soundsystem. Her records have also been praised by artists such as PJ Harvey and TV on the Radio. In 2011, she was awarded for Outstanding Contribution to Music at the Q Awards and in 2012, at the Ivor Novello Awards, she received the Inspiration Award.", "Q350029": "Roy Ernest Hay (born 12 August 1961, Southend, Essex, England) is the guitarist-keyboardist with Culture Club, a band of the 1980s fronted by Boy George. Hay, a trained pianist since the age of five, replaced founding member Johnny Suede in 1981. Some of Hay's musical influences were Stevie Wonder, The Isley Brothers and Led Zeppelin. Before his involvement with Culture Club, Hay was a hairdresser in his native Essex.\nIt was during Culture Club's beginnings that Hay met Alison Green. The two married in 1982 and had a child, Sunny, in 1986. They divorced in 2005, although the two had been separated since 1995.\nAccording to the \"Culture Club\" episode the VH-1 series Behind the Music, Hay assisted Boy George in giving up heroin. The singer suffered the painful withdrawal symptoms closely attended by Hay in his Essex home.\nFollowing Culture Club, Hay formed another band, called This Way Up. In 1987, they released three singles: \"Tell Me Why\", \"If I Can't Have You\" and \"Louise\". An album, Feeling Good About It, was released in some European countries and in Japan in 1987. All those records flopped, \"Tell Me Why\" being the only one that charted, for one week at number 72 in the UK Singles Chart.Hay moved to Los Angeles, U.S. in 1989 and from there wrote for and produced young artists and bands for Sony Music. He branched into commercial composing and sound design with his own company Haywired Music.\nHay found later success as a composer in Hollywood, California, working with fellow composer Hans Zimmer and composing the music for a series directed by Robert Altman, as well as the music for Cracker and for Stephen King's The Dead Zone. Hay reunited with the three original members of Culture Club in 1998 to record a new album. In a Rolling Stone interview, Hay described the years apart as a healing process. \"There was obviously a bit of a healing process that needed to happen between Jon [Moss] and George. They hadn't really spoken to each other in quite a while\". The description of the tour was \"Older and wiser...We've all been through some good and bad times since the band. I think we've all grown up a bit\".", "Q263391": "Francisco Miguel Narv\u00e1ez Mach\u00f3n (born 26 April 1972), known as Kiko, is a Spanish former professional footballer who spent most of his career with Atl\u00e9tico Madrid.A centre forward with tremendous technical ability and field vision, he possessed nonetheless a poor aerial game despite being almost 190 cm tall. In ten La Liga seasons (also played one year with his main club in Segunda Divisi\u00f3n), he amassed totals of 271 games and 60 goals.\nKiko was a squad member at the 1992 Summer Olympics as the Spain national team won gold, on home soil. Additionally, he appeared at full level in one World Cup and one European Championship.", "Q4693128": "Agnes Varis (n\u00e9e Koulouvaris; January 11, 1930 \u2013 July 29, 2011) was an American businesswoman and philanthropist who was the founder and president of Agvar Chemicals Inc. and Aegis Pharmaceuticals.", "Q4509": "Chlo\u00eb Grace Moretz (; born February 10, 1997) is an American actress. She began acting at age six, with early roles in the supernatural horror film The Amityville Horror (2005), the drama series Desperate Housewives (2006\u201307), the supernatural horror film The Eye (2008), the drama film The Poker House (2008), the drama series Dirty Sexy Money (2007\u201308), the romantic comedy film 500 Days of Summer (2009) and the children's comedy film Diary of a Wimpy Kid (2010).Moretz' breakthrough came in 2010 with her critically acclaimed performances as Hit-Girl in the superhero film Kick-Ass and as a child vampire in the horror film Let Me In. She then starred in Martin Scorsese's historical adventure film Hugo (2011), Tim Burton's horror comedy film Dark Shadows (2012), the satirical sitcom 30 Rock (2011\u201313), reprised her role as Hit-Girl in Kick-Ass 2 (2013) and played Carrie White in the supernatural horror film Carrie (2013). In 2014, Moretz starred in the award-winning drama film Clouds of Sils Maria, the teen romantic drama If I Stay and the vigilante action film The Equalizer.\nAfter starring in the mystery thriller film Dark Places (2015), the science fiction action film The 5th Wave (2016) and the comedy film Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising (2016), Moretz announced that she was \"re-assessing\" her roles and choices and was dropping out of several projects, including Universal Studios' live-action adaptation of The Little Mermaid. Moretz' subsequent roles have included the drama film The Miseducation of Cameron Post, the horror film Suspiria, and Neil Jordan's drama thriller film Greta, all in 2018. In 2019, she voiced Snow White and Wednesday Addams in Red Shoes and the Seven Dwarfs and The Addams Family, respectively. Moretz' stage work includes her starring role in the original off-Broadway production of The Library (2014) at The Public Theater in New York City.", "Q827473": "Bert Sterling Wemp (July 3, 1889 \u2013 February 5, 1976) was a Canadian journalist and mayor of Toronto. He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada.\nBorn in Tweed, Ontario, he was raised in Cabbagetown and attended Dufferin School and Jarvis Collegiate Institute. In 1905, he joined the Toronto Telegram working as a suburban editor, editor, city editor, and head of the court bureau. During World War I, he served as commander of the 218th Squadron, Royal Naval Air Service and was the first Canadian to win the Distinguished Flying Cross. He was made a Knight of the Order of Leopold in 1919. During World War II he was a war correspondent. In 1946, he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.In 1921, he was elected a school trustee and again in 1922. In 1924, he was elected to the Toronto City Council as an alderman for Ward 2. In 1930, he was elected mayor of Toronto. After serving as mayor, he returned to the Toronto Telegram as city editor. He died of emphysema in 1976.", "Q452317": "May Chidiac (Arabic: \u0645\u064a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0642\u200e) (born 20 June 1963) is a journalist and former Lebanese Minister Of State For Administrative Development.\nChidiac is a former television journalist at the Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation (LBC) and one of the station's television anchors until an assassination attempt on her life. She was one of the few critics of Syria's keeping troops stationed in Lebanon after the end of the Lebanese Civil War and charged that the Taif Accords stipulated that Syria withdraw from Lebanon.On the day she was attacked, after the Cedar Revolution and Syria's troop withdrawal from Lebanon earlier that year, she hosted a talk show in which she criticized what she called Syria's continuous meddling in Lebanon's affairs and voiced fears of further violence ahead of the UN report on the death of the former prime minister, Rafik Hariri. On 3 February 2009, she announced her resignation on her LBC show Bi Kol Jor'a.", "Q105912": "Dr. Hermann Iseke (9 March 1856 in Holungen, Province of Saxony \u2013 14 January 1907 in South West Africa, now Namibia) was a German doctor.", "Q36488": "Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, 1st Marquis of Marconi FRSA (Italian: [\u0261u\u028e\u02c8\u028e\u025blmo mar\u02c8ko\u02d0ni]; 25 April 1874 \u2013 20 July 1937) was an Italian inventor and electrical engineer, known for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission, development of Marconi's law, and a radio telegraph system. He is credited as the inventor of radio, and he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun \"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy\".Marconi was also an entrepreneur, businessman, and founder of The Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company in the United Kingdom in 1897 (which became the Marconi Company). He succeeded in making an engineering and commercial success of radio by innovating and building on the work of previous experimenters and physicists. In 1929, Marconi was ennobled as a Marchese (marquis) by King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, and, in 1931, he set up Vatican Radio for Pope Pius XI.", "Q664609": "The Caribbean (, locally ) (Spanish: El Caribe; French: la Cara\u00efbe; Haitian Creole: Karayib; Dutch: De Cara\u00efben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts. The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America.\nSituated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region has more than 700 islands, islets, reefs and cays (see the list of Caribbean islands). Island arcs delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea: The Greater Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago on the north and the Lesser Antilles and the on the south and east (which includes the Leeward Antilles). They form the West Indies with the nearby Lucayan Archipelago (the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands), which are considered to be part of the Caribbean despite not bordering the Caribbean Sea. On the mainland, Belize, Nicaragua, the Caribbean region of Colombia, Cozumel, the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula, Margarita Island, and the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Guayana Region in Venezuela, and Amap\u00e1 in Brazil) are often included due to their political and cultural ties with the region.Geopolitically, the islands of the Caribbean (the West Indies) are often regarded as a region of North America, though sometimes they are included in Central America or left as a region of their own. and are organized into 30 territories including sovereign states, overseas departments, and dependencies. From December 15, 1954, to October 10, 2010, there was a country known as the Netherlands Antilles composed of five states, all of which were Dutch dependencies. From January 3, 1958, to May 31, 1962, there was also a short-lived political union called the West Indies Federation composed of ten English-speaking Caribbean territories, all of which were then British dependencies. The West Indies cricket team continues to represent many of those nations.", "Q728365": "Eugenio de Ochoa (1815\u201372) was a Spanish author, writer, and translator.", "Q1752800": "Allegheny City was a municipality that existed in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania from 1788 until it was annexed by Pittsburgh in 1907. It was located north across the Allegheny River from downtown Pittsburgh, with its southwest border formed by the Ohio River, and is known today as the North Side. The city's waterfront district, along the Allegheny and Ohio rivers, became Pittsburgh's North Shore neighborhood.\nThe area of Allegheny City included the present Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Allegheny Center, Allegheny West, Brighton Heights, California-Kirkbride, Central Northside, Chateau, East Allegheny, Fineview, Manchester, Marshall-Shadeland, North Shore, Northview Heights, Perry North, Perry South, Spring Garden, Spring Hill\u2013City View, Summer Hill, and Troy Hill.", "Q188388": "Vikram Chandra (born 1961 in India) is an Indian-American writer. His first novel, Red Earth and Pouring Rain, won the 1996 Commonwealth Writers' Prize for Best First Book.", "Q688879": "Armored Saint is an American heavy metal band, formed in 1982 in Los Angeles, California. Since 1990, the band has consisted of John Bush on lead vocals, Joey Vera on bass, Jeff Duncan on rhythm guitar and the Sandoval brothers, Gonzo and Phil on drums and lead guitar, respectively. Of the current lineup, Bush and Vera are the two constant members. To date, they have released seven studio albums, one EP, two live albums and one compilation album.\nAs one of the leaders of the Los Angeles heavy metal scene, Armored Saint achieved moderate success during the 1980s with their 1983 self-titled EP and first three studio albums: March of the Saint (1984), Delirious Nomad (1985) and Raising Fear (1987). Prior to the release of their fourth studio album Symbol of Salvation (1991), the band was plagued by extended inactivity, due to record company issues and the death of their original guitarist Dave Prichard, who died of leukemia in 1990. Armored Saint eventually broke up when Bush joined Anthrax in 1992 to replace Joey Belladonna, but reunited in 1999, and has continued to tour and record since then.", "Q95337": "Hans N. Weiler is a Professor Emeritus of Education and Political Science at Stanford University, and a Professor Emeritus of Comparative Politics and former rector of the Viadrina European University in Frankfurt (Oder), Germany.", "Q5617": "Marie de France (fl. 1160 to 1215) was a poet, possibly born in what is now France, who lived in England during the late 12th century. She lived and wrote at an unknown court, but she and her work were almost certainly known at the royal court of King Henry II of England. Virtually nothing is known of her life; both her given name and its geographical specification come from her manuscripts. However, one written description of her work and popularity from her own era still exists. She is considered by scholars to be the first woman known to write francophone verse.Marie de France wrote in Francien, with some Anglo-Norman influence. She was proficient in Latin, as were most authors and scholars of that era, as well as Middle English and possibly Breton. She is the author of the Lais of Marie de France. She translated Aesop's Fables from Middle English into Anglo-Norman French and wrote Espurgatoire seint Partiz, Legend of the Purgatory of St. Patrick, based upon a Latin text. Recently, she has been (tentatively) identified as the author of a saint's life, The Life of Saint Audrey. Her Lais were and still are widely read and influenced the subsequent development of the romance/heroic literature genre.", "Q39963": "Pak Kyongni (December 2, 1926 \u2013 May 5, 2008) was a prominent South Korean novelist. She was born in Tongyeong, South Gyeongsang Province, and later lived in Wonju Gangwon Province. Pak made her literary debut in 1955, with Gyesan (\uacc4\uc0b0, Calculations). She is, however, most well known for her 16-volume story Toji (\ud1a0\uc9c0, The Land), an epic saga set on the turbulent history of Korea during 19th and 20th century. It was later adapted into a movie, a television series and an opera.Pak Kyongni died from lung cancer at the age of 81 on May 5, 2008 and many literary men recollected her as a guide for their literary works and life as a writer. She was posthumously awarded the country's top medal by the newly created Culture Ministry of South Korea for her promoting South Korean arts.", "Q41166": "Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 \u2013 19 October 1745) was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for the Whigs, then for the Tories), poet and cleric who became Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, hence his common sobriquet, \"Dean Swift\".\nSwift is remembered for works such as A Tale of a Tub (1704), An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity (1712), Gulliver's Travels (1726), and A Modest Proposal (1729). He is regarded by the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica as the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and is less well known for his poetry. He originally published all of his works under pseudonyms \u2013 such as Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaff, M. B. Drapier \u2013 or anonymously. He was a master of two styles of satire, the Horatian and Juvenalian styles.\nHis deadpan, ironic writing style, particularly in A Modest Proposal, has led to such satire being subsequently termed \"Swiftian\".", "Q432385": "Dean Joseph Norris (born April 8, 1963) is an American actor. He is well known for playing Drug Enforcement Administration agent Hank Schrader on the AMC series Breaking Bad (2008\u20132013), for which he received critical acclaim for his performance. He also portrayed town councilman James \"Big Jim\" Rennie on the CBS series Under the Dome (2013\u20132015) and currently plays mob boss Clay \"Uncle Daddy\" Husser on the TNT series Claws. He reprised his role as Hank Schrader in the Breaking Bad spin-off Better Call Saul. \nNorris has appeared in films such as Lethal Weapon 2 (1989), Hard To Kill (1990), Total Recall (1990), Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), Starship Troopers (1997), The Cell (2000), Little Miss Sunshine (2006), Evan Almighty (2007), Sons of Liberty (2015), and The Book of Henry (2017).", "Q59729": "Edward Kent (January 8, 1802 \u2013 May 19, 1877) was the 12th and 15th Governor of the U.S. state of Maine during the Aroostook War.\n\n", "Q165980": "The University of Vienna (German: Universit\u00e4t Wien) is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world. With its long and rich history, the University of Vienna has developed into one of the largest universities in Europe, and also one of the most renowned, especially in the Humanities. It is associated with 20 Nobel prize winners and has been the academic home to many scholars of historical as well as of academic importance.", "Q1176253": "David Raksin (August 4, 1912 \u2013 August 9, 2004) was an American composer who was noted for his work in film and television. With over 100 film scores and 300 television scores to his credit, he became known as the \"Grandfather of Film Music.\"\n\n", "Q228186": "Lawrence of Arabia is a 1962 British epic historical drama film based on the life of T. E. Lawrence. It was directed by David Lean and produced by Sam Spiegel, through his British company Horizon Pictures, and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The film stars Peter O'Toole in the title role with Alec Guinness playing Prince Faisal. The screenplay was written by Robert Bolt and Michael Wilson.\nThe film, a British and American co-production, depicts Lawrence's experiences in the Ottoman Empire's provinces of Hejaz and Greater Syria during World War I, in particular his attacks on Aqaba and Damascus and his involvement in the Arab National Council. Its themes include Lawrence's emotional struggles with the personal violence inherent in war, his own identity, and his divided allegiance between his native Britain and its army, and his new-found comrades within the Arabian desert tribes. The film also stars Jack Hawkins, Anthony Quinn, Omar Sharif, Anthony Quayle, Claude Rains and Arthur Kennedy.\nLawrence of Arabia was nominated for ten Oscars at the 35th Academy Awards in 1963; it won seven, including Best Picture and Best Director. It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Drama and the BAFTA Awards for Best Film and Outstanding British Film. In the years since, it has been recognised as one of the greatest and most influential films in the history of cinema. The dramatic score by Maurice Jarre and the Super Panavision 70 cinematography by Freddie Young are also highly acclaimed. In 1991, Lawrence of Arabia was deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\" and selected for preservation in the US Library of Congress National Film Registry. In 1998, the American Film Institute placed it 5th on their 100 Years...100 Movies list of the greatest American films, and it ranked 7th on their 2007 updated list. In 1999, the British Film Institute named the film the third-greatest British film of all time. In 2004, it was voted the best British film of all time in a Sunday Telegraph poll of Britain's leading filmmakers.", "Q623224": "Bonnie M. Anderson is a veteran news reporter. Anderson got her start covering Latin America and the Miami Hispanic community for El Miami Herald in Miami. After a year reporting for WPLG-TV in Miami, the ABC affiliate, she worked for NBC News as one of the network's two Latin America correspondents. She later served as a correspondent for the network posted in Beirut and Rome, before joining The Miami News as a columnist. Just prior to joining CNN in 1992, Anderson served a four-year stint with WTVJ in Miami.\nHer first position at CNN was a national correspondent, where she covered such top breaking news stories as the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, the Los Angeles earthquake in 1994, Pope John Paul II's 1995 visit to Denver, Hurricane Andrew in South Florida in 1992 and the Branch Davidian stand-off in Waco, Texas, in 1993. She also produced numerous documentaries on cutting-edge topics such as incest and priest pedophilia. Anderson was one of the first female war correspondents in the industry and has reported from over 100 countries. During her time with NBC and CNN she was shot at \u2013 and wounded while reporting.\nAnderson served as an anchor and as an international war correspondent before rising to the position of managing editor of CNN en Espa\u00f1ol, CNN's fledgling 24-hour Spanish language news network. She formed part of the core group that developed, launched and supervised the network for the first three years. During her final years with CNN, Anderson acted as vice president in charge of recruiting and talent development for the CNN News Group. In 2002 Anderson was unceremoniously terminated from CNN for refusing to comply with a hiring policy she considered \u201cunethical, unprincipled, immoral, and potentially illegal.\u201d She filed suit against CNN in August 2003.", "Q18013": "Sacramento ( SAK-r\u0259-MEN-toh; Spanish: [sak\u027ea\u02c8mento]; Spanish for '\"sacrament\"') is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. Located at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in Northern California's Sacramento Valley, Sacramento's estimated 2018 population of 501,334 makes it the sixth-largest city in California and the ninth largest capital in the United States. Sacramento is the seat of the California Legislature and the Governor of California, making it the state's political center and a hub for lobbying and think tanks. Sacramento is also the cultural and economic core of the Sacramento metropolitan area, which had a 2010 population of 2,414,783, making it the fifth largest in California.Before the arrival of the Spanish, the area was inhabited by the Nisenan, indigenous peoples of California. Spanish cavalryman Gabriel Moraga surveyed and named the Rio del Sant\u00edsimo Sacramento (Sacramento River) in 1808, after the Blessed Sacrament, referring to the Eucharist in the Catholic Church. In 1839, Juan Bautista Alvarado, Mexican governor of Alta California, granted the responsibility of colonizing the Sacramento Valley to Swiss-born Mexican citizen John Augustus Sutter, who subsequently established Sutter's Fort and the settlement at the Rancho Nueva Helvetia. Following the American Conquest of California and the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, the waterfront developed by Sutter began to be developed, and incorporated in 1850 as the City of Sacramento. As a result of the California Gold Rush, Sacramento became a major commercial center and distribution point for Northern California, serving as the terminus for the Pony Express and the First Transcontinental Railroad.\nSacramento is the fastest-growing major city in California, owing to its status as a notable financial center on the West Coast and as a major educational hub, home of California State University, Sacramento and University of California, Davis. Similarly, Sacramento is a major center for the California healthcare industry, as the seat of Sutter Health, the world-renowned UC Davis Medical Center, and the UC Davis School of Medicine, and notable tourist destination in California, as the site of The California Museum, the Crocker Art Museum, the California State Railroad Museum, the California Hall of Fame, the California State Capitol Museum, and the Old Sacramento State Historic Park. Sacramento International Airport, located northwest of the city, is the city's major airport. Sacramento is known for its evolving contemporary culture, dubbed the most \"hipster city\" in California. In 2002, the Harvard University Civil Rights Project conducted for Time magazine named Sacramento \"America's Most Diverse City\".", "Q727730": "Wendell Edward Pierce (born December 8, 1963) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in HBO dramas such as Detective Bunk Moreland in The Wire and trombonist Antoine Batiste in Treme, as well as portraying James Greer in Tom Clancy\u2019s Jack Ryan, as high-powered attorney Robert Zane in Suits, and as Michael Davenport in Waiting to Exhale. Pierce also had roles in the films Malcolm X, Ray, and Selma. Pierce performed the lead role of Willy Loman in the 2019 production of Death of a Salesman on the West End in London at the Piccadilly Theatre.", "Q2926038": "Bronagh Gallagher (born 26 April 1972) is an Irish singer and actress from Northern Ireland. Gallagher had her first acting role in the 1989 television movie Dear Sarah.", "Q269864": "The Socialist Republic of Serbia (Serbian: \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430, romanized: Socijalisti\u010dka Republika Srbija), previously known as Federal State of Serbia and People's Republic of Serbia, commonly referred to as Socialist Serbia, or simply as Serbia, was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the nation state of the Serbs. It was the largest constituent republic in terms of population and territory. Its capital, Belgrade, was also the federal capital of Yugoslavia.", "Q172224": "Roelof Wunderink (born 12 December 1948 in Eindhoven, Noord-Brabant) is a Dutch former racing driver. He participated in six Formula One World Championship Grands Prix for Ensign, debuting on 27 April 1975. He scored no championship points.\n\n", "Q257752": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Mitterrand (born 21 August 1947) is a French politician who served as Minister of Culture and Communication of France from 2009 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. Throughout his career, he has been an actor, screenwriter, television presenter, writer, producer and director.\n\n", "Q48624": "Afanasy Nikitin (Russian: \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043d; died 1472) was a Russian merchant of Tver and one of the first Europeans (after Niccol\u00f2 de' Conti) to travel to and document his visit to India. He described his trip in a narrative known as The Journey Beyond Three Seas (Khozhdeniye za tri morya).", "Q607": "Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American politician, businessman, philanthropist, and author. He is the majority owner and co-founder of Bloomberg L.P.. He was the mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013, and was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries.\nBloomberg grew up in Medford, Massachusetts and graduated from Johns Hopkins University and Harvard Business School. He began his career at the securities brokerage Salomon Brothers before forming his own company in 1981. That company, Bloomberg L.P., is a financial information, software and media firm that is known for its Bloomberg Terminal. Bloomberg spent the next twenty years as its chairman and CEO. In 2019, Forbes ranked him as the ninth-richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of $55.5 billion. Since signing The Giving Pledge, Bloomberg has given away $8.2 billion.\nBloomberg was elected the 108th mayor of New York City. First elected in 2001, he held office for three consecutive terms, winning re-election in 2005 and in 2009. Pursuing socially liberal and fiscally moderate policies, Bloomberg developed a technocratic managerial style. After a brief stint as a full-time philanthropist, he re-assumed the position of CEO at Bloomberg L.P. by the end of 2014.\nAs mayor of New York, Bloomberg established public charter schools, rebuilt urban infrastructure, and supported gun control, public health initiatives, and environmental protections. He also led a rezoning of large areas of New York City, which facilitated massive and widespread new commercial and residential construction after the September 11 attacks. Bloomberg is considered to have had far-reaching influence on the politics, business sector, and culture of New York City during his three terms as mayor. He has also faced significant criticism for his expansion of the city's stop and frisk program.\nIn November 2019, Bloomberg officially launched his campaign for the Democratic nomination for president of the United States in the 2020 election. He ended his campaign in March 2020, after having won only 61 delegates. Bloomberg self-funded $935 million on the primary campaign, setting the record for the most expensive U.S. presidential primary campaign.", "Q425821": "Mark Daniel Ronson (born 4 September 1975) is a British\u2013American musician, DJ, songwriter, and record producer. Ronson is best known for his collaborations with artists such as Amy Winehouse, Lady Gaga, Adele, Lily Allen, Miley Cyrus, Queens of the Stone Age, and Bruno Mars. He has received seven Grammy Awards, including Producer of the Year for Winehouse's album Back to Black and two for Record of the Year singles \"Rehab\" and \"Uptown Funk\". He received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award and a Grammy Award for co-writing the song \"Shallow\" for the film A Star is Born (2018).\nRonson was born in London and raised in New York City. His stepfather is Foreigner guitarist Mick Jones, which contributed to a childhood surrounded by music. While attending New York University, Ronson became a popular DJ in the hip hop scene. His debut album Here Comes the Fuzz failed to have an effect on the charts. In 2006, he received acclaim for producing albums for Lily Allen, Christina Aguilera, and Amy Winehouse. In 2007, Ronson released his second album, Version. The album reached number two in the UK and included three top ten singles and earned him the Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist. He subsequently released his third studio album, Record Collection, peaking at number two in the UK.\nIn 2014, Ronson released his single \"Uptown Funk\" featuring vocals from Bruno Mars. The single spent 14 consecutive weeks at number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, seven non-consecutive weeks at number one on the UK Singles Chart and became one of the best-selling singles of all-time. His fourth studio album, Uptown Special, became his most successful album to date. In 2018, he founded his own label, Zelig Records (an imprint of Columbia Records), and formed the duo Silk City with fellow producer Diplo, for which he received the Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for the song \"Electricity\".\nBeyond his work in entertainment, Ronson is dedicated to using his creative influence to help others. In 2015, he became a patron of the Amy Winehouse Foundation, which helps disadvantaged youth through music. He has also worked with the End the Silence campaign to raise money and awareness for the Hope and Homes for Children charity and most recently became an artist mentor at Turnaround Arts, a national program of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, which helps low-performing schools through arts education.", "Q201514": "Matthew Stephen Ward (born October 4, 1973), known professionally as M. Ward, is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist from Portland, Oregon. Ward's solo work is a mixture of folk and blues-inspired Americana analog recordings; he has released nine albums since 1999, primarily through independent label Merge Records. In addition to his solo work, he is a member of indie pop duo She & Him and folk-rock supergroup Monsters of Folk, and also participates in recording, producing, and playing with multiple other artists.", "Q442662": "Das Fr\u00e4ulein or Fr\u00e4ulein was directed by Swiss filmmaker Andrea \u0160taka in 2006, and won seven awards.", "Q162037": "Afterwards (French: Et apr\u00e8s) is a 2008 English-language psychological thriller film directed by Gilles Bourdos and starring Romain Duris, John Malkovich and Evangeline Lilly. Based on Guillaume Musso's novel Et apr\u00e8s..., the story tells of a workaholic lawyer who is told by a self-proclaimed visionary that he must try to prevent his imminent death. The film was shot in New York City, Montreal and various New Mexico locations over June to July 2007, and had a French release in January 2009.", "Q11751": "Nagoya (\u540d\u53e4\u5c4b) is the largest city in the Ch\u016bbu region of Japan. It is Japan's fourth-largest incorporated city and the third-most-populous urban area. It is located on the Pacific coast on central Honshu. It is the capital of Aichi Prefecture and is one of Japan's major ports along with those of Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Yokohama, Chiba, and Kitakyushu. It is also the center of Japan's third-largest metropolitan region, known as the Ch\u016bky\u014d metropolitan area. As of 1 October 2019, 2,327,557 people lived in the city, part of Ch\u016bky\u014d Metropolitan Area's 10.11 million people.\nIt is also one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world.", "Q841090": "Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity, and in Western culture traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and Roman literature in their original languages of Ancient Greek and Latin, respectively. It may also include Greco-Roman philosophy, history, and archaeology as secondary subjects. Traditionally in the West, the study of the Greek and Roman classics was considered one of the cornerstones of the humanities and a fundamental element of a rounded education. The study of classics has therefore traditionally been a cornerstone of a typical elite European education.", "Q2833421": "Alexander Mikhailovich Babakov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432; Kishinev, Moldavia, February 8th, 1963) is a Russian politician and member of the Duma, the Russian state parliament. Special Presidential Representative to Russians appointed by Vladimir Putin since June 19, 2012.He is a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee, Deputy Co-Chairman of Inter-Parliamentary Group of the Russian Federation, Head of Delegation of the State Duma in the Inter-Parliamentary Union and Chairman of State Duma Commission on legal support to military and defense industrial complex of the Russian Federation. He was appointed Deputy speaker of the Duma in 2010, a position he held until December 2011.In June 2012 he was appointed as Presidential Envoy for engaging with Russian organizations abroad by President Putin.He was the leader of Rodina, a political party in Russia, for several months in 2006 and organised the formation of A Just Russia, a merger between Rodina, the Russian Party of Life and the Russian Pensioners' Party, sitting on its governing committee.Between 2006 and 2007 he led A Just Russia's faction in the Duma as the party leader, Sergei Mironov, served as speaker of the Federation Council of Russia.He was elected to the Russian State Duma in 2003 and became party leader of Rodina in March 2006 following the surprise resignation of Dmitry Rogozin.\nHe is married and has three children.", "Q267691": "Joan Didion (; born December 5, 1934) is an American writer. In the late 1960s, Didion's reportage brought Californian subcultures to wider attention. Her political writing often concentrated on the subtext of rhetoric. In 1991, she wrote the earliest mainstream media article to suggest the Central Park Five had been wrongfully convicted. In 2005, she won the National Book Award for Nonfiction and was a finalist for both the National Book Critics Circle Award and the Pulitzer Prize for Biography/Autobiography for The Year of Magical Thinking. She later adapted the book into a play, which premiered on Broadway in 2007. In 2017, Didion was profiled in the Netflix documentary The Center Will Not Hold, directed by her nephew Griffin Dunne.\n\n", "Q230911": "Janice Doreen Dickinson (born February 16, 1955) is an American model, author, actress, television personality, and talent agent. Initially notable as a model, she has been disputably described by herself and others as the first supermodel. One of the most successful models of the 1970s and 1980s, she also served as a judge on four cycles on America's Next Top Model beginning in 2003. She opened a modeling agency in 2005, which was documented in the reality television series The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency (2006\u20132008).", "Q83233": "Jacques-Yves Cousteau, (, also UK: , French: [\u0292ak iv kusto]; 11 June 1910 \u2013 25 June 1997) was a French naval officer, explorer, conservationist, filmmaker, innovator, scientist, photographer, author and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water. He co-developed the Aqua-Lung, pioneered marine conservation and was a member of the Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise.\nCousteau described his underwater world research in a series of books, perhaps the most successful being his first book, The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure, published in 1953. Cousteau also directed films, most notably the documentary adaptation of the book, The Silent World, which won a Palme d'or at the 1956 Cannes Film Festival. He remained the only person to win a Palme d'Or for a documentary film, until Michael Moore won the award in 2004 for Fahrenheit 9/11.\n\n", "Q215561": "Gitta Alp\u00e1r (n\u00e9e Regina Klopfer; 5 February 1903 \u2013 17 February 1991), was a Hungarian-born opera and operetta soprano.", "Q12258": "Sabadell (Catalan pronunciation: [s\u0259\u03b2\u0259\u02c8\u00f0e\u028e]) is the fifth-largest city in Catalonia, Spain. It is in the south of the comarca of Vall\u00e8s Occidental and its joint capital (co-capital), on the River Ripoll, 20 km (12 mi) north of Barcelona. Sabadell is located 190 m (620 ft) above sea level.\nSabadell pioneered the Industrial Revolution in Catalonia with its textile mills, together with its archrival Terrassa. Thus, in the mid-19th century, it became the most important wool city in Spain, being nicknamed the \"Catalan Manchester\". Today many mills from that period can still be seen, with most of them having been refurbished as residential buildings or other services. Nowadays Sabadell is basically a commercial and industrial city: there are no significant agricultural activities.\nSabadell is an important communications point. Two motorways run beside the city: the C-58 (from Barcelona to Manresa) and the AP-7 (from France and Girona to Tarragona, Valencia, and Andalusia), and some roads link Sabadell with nearby cities and towns: Terrassa, Sant Quirze del Vall\u00e8s, Castellar del Vall\u00e8s, Granollers, Barber\u00e0 del Vall\u00e8s, Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s, Barcelona, Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e8s, Rub\u00ed, Sentmenat, and Molins de Rei. \nA railroad line crosses the city (the Rodalies Barcelona line from Barcelona to Lleida) and another one terminates in the city (the FGC line from Barcelona to Sabadell via Sant Cugat del Vall\u00e8s).", "Q224964": "The Blob is an independently made 1958 American science fiction-horror film in widescreen color by De Luxe, produced by Jack H. Harris, directed by Irvin Yeaworth, and written by Kay Linaker and Theodore Simonson. The film stars Steve McQueen (in his starring feature film debut, as Steven McQueen) and Aneta Corsaut and co-stars Earl Rowe and Olin Howland. The Blob was distributed by Paramount Pictures as a double feature with I Married a Monster from Outer Space. \nThe storyline concerns a growing, corrosive, alien amoeboidal entity that crashes to Earth from outer space inside a meteorite. It devours and dissolves citizens in the small communities of Phoenixville and Downingtown, PA, growing larger, redder, and more aggressive each time it does so, eventually becoming larger than a building. \n\n", "Q108588": "Denis Scheck (born 15 December 1964) is a German literary critic, journalist, television presenter and former translator.\n\n", "Q205772": "Jared Mason Diamond (born September 10, 1937) is an American geographer, historian, anthropologist, and author best known for his popular science books The Third Chimpanzee (1991); Guns, Germs, and Steel (1997, awarded a Pulitzer Prize); Collapse (2005), The World Until Yesterday (2012), and Upheaval (2019). Originally trained in physiology, Diamond is known for drawing from a variety of fields, including anthropology, ecology, geography, and evolutionary biology. He is a professor of geography at UCLA.In 2005, Diamond was ranked ninth on a poll by Prospect and Foreign Policy of the world's top 100 public intellectuals.", "Q297210": "Kerry Ray King (born June 3, 1964) is an American musician, best known for being the guitarist and songwriter for the American thrash metal band Slayer. He co-founded the band with Jeff Hanneman in 1981 and remained a member for nearly four decades.\n\n", "Q1317": "Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062f\u0646\u200e, Us\u0101mah bin Mu\u1e25ammad bin \u02bfAwa\u1e0d bin L\u0101din; March 10, 1957 \u2013 May 2, 2011), also rendered Usama bin Ladin, was a founder of the pan-Islamic militant organization al-Qaeda. He was a Saudi Arabian citizen until 1994 (stateless thereafter) and a member of the wealthy bin Laden family.Bin Laden's father was Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, a Saudi millionaire from Hadhramaut, Yemen, and the founder of the construction company, Saudi Binladin Group. His mother, Alia Ghanem, was from a secular middle-class family based in Latakia, Syria. He was born in Saudi Arabia and studied at university in the country until 1979, when he joined Mujahideen forces in Pakistan fighting against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan. He helped to fund the Mujahideen by funneling arms, money and fighters from the Arab world into Afghanistan, and gained popularity among many Arabs. In 1988, he formed al-Qaeda. He was banished from Saudi Arabia in 1992, and shifted his base to Sudan, until U.S. pressure forced him to leave Sudan in 1996. After establishing a new base in Afghanistan, he declared a war against the United States, initiating a series of bombings and related attacks. Bin Laden was on the American Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) lists of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives and Most Wanted Terrorists for his involvement in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings.Bin Laden is most well known for his role in masterminding the September 11 attacks, which resulted in the deaths of nearly 3,000 and prompted the United States to initiate the War on Terror. He subsequently became the subject of a decade-long international manhunt. From 2001 to 2011, bin Laden was a major target of the United States, as the FBI offered a $25 million bounty in their search for him. On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed by US Navy SEALs inside a private residential compound in Abbottabad, where he lived with a local family from Waziristan. The covert operation was conducted by members of the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group (SEAL Team Six) and Central Intelligence Agency SAD/SOG operators on the orders of U.S. President Barack Obama. Under his leadership, the al-Qaeda organization was responsible for, in addition to the September 11 attacks in the United States, many other mass-casualty attacks worldwide.", "Q170433": "Passaic ( p\u0259-SAY-ik or locally p\u0259-SAYK) is a city in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 69,781, maintaining its status as the 15th largest municipality in New Jersey with an increase of 1,920 residents (+2.8%) from the 2000 Census population of 67,861, which had in turn increased by 9,820 (+16.9%) from the 58,041 counted in the 1990 Census.\nPassaic is the tenth most densely populated municipality in the entire United States with 22,000+ people per square mile.\nLocated north of Newark on the Passaic River, it was first settled in 1678 by Dutch traders, as Acquackanonk Township. The city and river draw their name from the Lenape word \"pahsay\u00e8k\" which has been variously attributed to mean \"valley\" or \"place where the land splits.\"", "Q722890": "Michael Robert Winner (30 October 1935 \u2013 21 January 2013) was an English film director and producer, bon viveur, and a restaurant critic for The Sunday Times.", "Q1579397": "The Bandung Institute of Technology (Indonesian: Institut Teknologi Bandung, abbreviated as ITB) is a state, coeducational research university located in Bandung, Indonesia. Established in 1920, ITB is the oldest and first technology-oriented university in Indonesia.\nITB was considered the top choice among Indonesia's high school students in 2006 and has been credited as one of the most prestigious universities in Indonesia, together with Gadjah Mada University and University of Indonesia. Sukarno, the first president of the Republic of Indonesia, earned his engineering degree in civil engineering from ITB. Furthermore, B. J. Habibie, the third president of Indonesia, also spent a year in the mechanical engineering department of ITB and is officially recognized as a graduate.\nThe university cultivates professional and social activities by supporting its students' unions, the student government councils that exist in every department. Each students' union has its own distinctly designed jacket that, among other traditions, serves as part of its member identity. There are also a number of student activity units/clubs supporting ITB student interests in rounding out their educational experience. It is not uncommon that the students and alumni are identified by the clubs to which they belong (or used to belong) at ITB, in addition to their class year and major.\nThe university is a member of LAOTSE, an international network of leading universities in Europe and Asia exchanging students and senior scholars.\nAs of early 2016, ITB had nine undergraduate study programs been internationally accredited from an independent U.S.-based accrediting institution, Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, where ITB and IPB or Bogor Agricultural University are the only public universities in Indonesia with this particular international accrediting institution. The ten study programs are Electrical Engineering, Informatics, Chemical Engineering, Engineering Physics, Industrial Engineering, Engineering Management, Ocean Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Environmental Engineering.\nITB's march \"Mars ITB\" and hymn \"Hymne ITB\" were arranged by a former professor, Prof. Dr. Sudjoko Danoesoebrata.", "Q33296": "The Mughal Empire, Mogul or Moghul Empire, was an early-modern empire in South Asia. For some two centuries, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan plateau in south India.The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a warrior chieftain from what today is Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid- and Ottoman empires, to defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodhi, in the First Battle of Panipat, and to sweep down the plains of Upper India. The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar. This imperial structure lasted until 1720, until shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurengzeb, during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. Reduced subsequently, especially during the East India Company rule in India, to the region in and around Old Delhi, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. \nAlthough the Mughal empire was created and sustained by military warfare, it did not vigorously suppress the cultures and peoples it came to rule; rather it equalized and placated them through new administrative practices, and diverse ruling elites, leading to more efficient, centralised, and standardized rule. The base of the empire's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar. These taxes, which amounted to well over half the output of a peasant cultivator, were paid in the well-regulated silver currency, and caused peasants and artisans to enter larger markets.The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India's economic expansion. Burgeoning European presence in the Indian Ocean, and its increasing demand for Indian raw- and finished products, created still greater wealth in the Mughal courts. There was more conspicuous consumption among the Mughal elite, resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture, especially during the reign of Shah Jahan. Among the Mughal UNESCO World Heritage Sites in South Asia are: Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, Humayun's Tomb, Lahore Fort and the Taj Mahal, which is described as, \"The jewel of Muslim art in India, and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.\"", "Q245356": "Zygmunt Malanowicz (born 4 February 1938) is a Polish film actor. He has appeared in 30 films since 1962.", "Q10467": "Futbol Club Barcelona B is a Spanish football team based in Barcelona, in the autonomous community of Catalonia.\nFounded in 1970 as FC Barcelona Atl\u00e8tic, it is the reserve team of FC Barcelona, and currently plays in Segunda Divisi\u00f3n B, holding home matches at the Estadi Johan Cruyff.\nReserve teams in Spain play in the same league system as the senior team, rather than in a reserve team league. They must play at least one level below their main side, and thus Barcelona B are ineligible for promotion to La Liga. They also cannot play in the Copa del Rey.\n\n", "Q4707007": "Alan Joseph Joyce, (born 30 June 1966) is an Irish businessman. He is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Australian airline Qantas.", "Q434904": "V\u00e9ronique Gens (born 19 April 1966) is a French operatic soprano. She has spent much of her career recording and performing Baroque music.\nGens was born in Orl\u00e9ans, France, and studied at the Conservatoire de Paris, winning first prize at the school. Her debut in 1986 was with William Christie and his Les Arts Florissants. She has since worked with Marc Minkowski, Ren\u00e9 Jacobs, Christophe Rousset, Philippe Herreweghe, and Jean-Claude Malgoire.\nWhile she started out as a Baroque specialist, Gens has also come into demand for roles in Mozart operas, and as an interpreter of songs by Berlioz, Debussy (see also Beau Soir), Faur\u00e9 and others. Her numerous recordings include many works by Mozart and Purcell, as well as Joseph Canteloube's Chants d'Auvergne and Berlioz's Nuits d'\u00e9t\u00e9.", "Q105084": "Gliwice [\u0261l\u02b2i\u02c8v\u02b2it\u0361s\u025b] (listen) (German: Gleiwitz, Silesian: Glywicy) is a city in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland. The city is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the K\u0142odnica river (a tributary of the Oder). It lies approximately 25 km west from Katowice, regional capital of the Silesian Voivodeship.\nGliwice is the westernmost city of the Upper Silesian metropolis, a conurbation of 1.9 million people, and is the third-largest city of this area, with 179,806 permanent residents as of 2018. It also lies within the larger Upper Silesian metropolitan area which has a population of about 5.3 million people and spans across most of eastern Upper Silesia, western Lesser Poland and the Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic. It is one of the major college towns in Poland, thanks to the Silesian University of Technology, which was founded in 1945 by academics of Lw\u00f3w University of Technology expelled in 1945\u201348 from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union. Over 20,000 people study in Gliwice. Gliwice is an important industrial center of Poland. Following an economic transformation in the 1990s, Gliwice switched from steelworks and coal mining to automotive and machine industry. The last remaining coal mine in Gliwice was set to close before 2021; however, following good economic results this decision has been postponed.Founded in the 13th century, Gliwice is one of the oldest settlements in Upper Silesia. Gliwice's medieval old town was mostly destroyed by the Red Army in World War II, but it has since been rebuilt and has undergone a major restoration in recent years. Gliwice's most historical structures include St Bartholomew's Church (15th century), Gliwice Castle and city walls (14th century), Armenian Church (originally a hospital, 15th century) and All Saints Old Town Church (15th century). Gliwice is also known for its Radio Tower, where Gleiwitz incident happened shortly before the outbreak of World War II and which is thought to be the world's tallest wooden construction, as well as Weichmann Textile House, one of the first buildings designed by world-renowned architect Erich Mendelsohn. Gliwice hosted the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2019 which took place on 24 November 2019.", "Q1407107": "The Schola Cantorum de Paris is a private conservatory in Paris. It was founded in 1894 by Charles Bordes, Alexandre Guilmant and Vincent d'Indy as a counterbalance to the Paris Conservatoire's emphasis on opera.\n\n", "Q125354": "Aleksander Krupa (born 18 March 1947), often credited as Olek Krupa, is a Polish actor, active in film and television roles and best known for playing villains and/or criminals, such as in Eraser, Blue Streak, Home Alone 3 and The Italian Job. He also notably portrayed a Bosnian Serb general engaged in genocide against Bosnian Muslims in 2001's Behind Enemy Lines and portrayed the President of Russia in 2010's action thriller film Salt. Krupa continued to have minor roles in many Hollywood movies, such as X-Men: First Class, Hidden Figures, and The Fate of the Furious.", "Q95479": "Daniel Cramer (Daniel Candidus) (20 January 1568 \u2013 5 October 1637) was a German Lutheran theologian and writer from Reetz (Recz), Brandenburg. He was an opponent of the Ramists and the Jesuits.", "Q92316": "Max Fechner (27 July 1892 \u2013 13 September 1973) was a German politician who served as Minister of Justice of East Germany from 1949 to 1953", "Q442892": "Kathleen Alice Mattea (born June 21, 1959) is an American country music and bluegrass singer. Active since 1984 as a recording artist, she has charted more than 30 singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including four that reached No. 1: \"Goin' Gone\", \"Eighteen Wheels and a Dozen Roses\", \"Come from the Heart\", and \"Burnin' Old Memories\", plus 12 more that charted within the top ten. She has released 14 studio albums, two Christmas albums, and one greatest hits album. Most of her material was recorded for Universal Music Group Nashville's Mercury Records Nashville division between 1984 and 2000, with later albums being issued on Narada Productions, her own Captain Potato label, and Sugar Hill Records. Among her albums, she has received five gold certifications and one platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). She has collaborated with Dolly Parton, Michael McDonald, Tim O'Brien, and her husband, Jon Vezner. Mattea is also a two-time Grammy Award winner: in 1990 for \"Where've You Been\", and in 1993 for her Christmas album Good News. Her style is defined by traditional country, bluegrass, folk, and Celtic music influences.", "Q210431": "The Polish Socialist Party (Polish: Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS) was a left-wing Polish political party. It was one of the most important parties in Poland from its inception in 1892 until its dissolution in 1948. A party with the same name was established in 1987 but has remained at the margins of Polish politics.\nJ\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski, founder of the resurrected Polish state, was a member and later leader of the PPS in the early 20th century.", "Q445125": "Neal McDonough (born February 13, 1966) is an American actor and producer, known for his portrayal of Lieutenant Lynn \"Buck\" Compton in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers (2001), Deputy District Attorney David McNorris on Boomtown (2002\u20132003), Sean Cahill on Suits, Robert Quarles on Justified, William Parker in Mob City, and Dave Williams on ABC's Desperate Housewives (2008\u20132009). He also appeared in films such as Star Trek: First Contact, Minority Report, Walking Tall, The Guardian, Flags of Our Fathers, Red 2, The Marine 3: Homefront, Traitor, The Hitcher, Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2, Proud Mary, and as Dum Dum Dugan in various Marvel Cinematic Universe films and TV series. He appeared as Damien Darhk on Arrow, and in Legends of Tomorrow. He also plays as Malcolm Beck on Yellowstone as well as voicing a variety of comic superheroes and villains in a number of animated films and video games.", "Q240206": "Margarita Vladimirovna Levieva (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0430 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0430) is a Russian-American actress and dancer. Levieva was born in St. Petersburg, Russia and began training as a rhythmic gymnast at age three. She immigrated to Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn with her mother and twin brother at age 11, where she continued her training.", "Q165770": "Edward Clive, 1st Earl of Powis, (7 March 1754 \u2013 16 May 1839), known as the Lord Clive between 1774 and 1804, was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1774 to 1794 when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Clive.", "Q4730873": "Allan Edward Moss (born 15 August 1949) is an Australian businessman, who was the Managing Director/CEO of Macquarie Group Ltd. Moss retired from Macquarie Group on 23 May 2008 after a 15-year stint as the CEO. Prior to this Moss was a director of Hill Samuel Australia and led the team responsible for preparing the submission to the Australian Government to form Macquarie Bank in 1983. He held various positions within Macquarie Bank before becoming Managing Director/CEO in 1993. He had been a director of the company since June 1989.\nIn December 2015, Moss was appointed to the nine-member board of the Reserve Bank of Australia by then Australian Treasurer Scott Morrison MP, replacing Roger Corbett.He is married to public servant and lawyer Irene Moss.", "Q230939": "Catherine Lisa Bell (born 14 August 1968) is an American actress, known for her roles as Lieutenant Colonel Sarah MacKenzie in the television series JAG from 1997 to 2005, Denise Sherwood in the series Army Wives from 2007 to 2013, and Cassandra \"Cassie\" Nightingale in Hallmark's The Good Witch films and television series since 2008.", "Q380036": "John Harvey Kellogg (February 26, 1852 \u2013 December 14, 1943) was an American medical doctor, nutritionist, inventor, health activist, anti-masturbation advocate, and businessman. He was the director of the Battle Creek Sanitarium in Battle Creek, Michigan. The sanitarium was founded by members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. It combined aspects of a European spa, a hydrotherapy institution, a hospital and a high-class hotel. Kellogg treated both the rich and famous, as well as the poor who could not afford other hospitals.\nDisagreements with other members of the church led to a major schism within the denomination: Kellogg was disfellowshipped in 1907, but continued to follow many Adventist beliefs and directed the sanitarium until his death in 1943. Kellogg also helped to establish the American Medical Missionary College in 1895. The College operated independently until 1910, when it merged with Illinois State University.\nKellogg was a major leader in progressive health reform, particularly in the second phase of the clean living movement. \nHe wrote extensively on science and health. His approach to \"biologic living\" combined scientific knowledge with Adventist beliefs, promoting health reform, temperance and sexual abstinence. His promotion of developing anaphrodisiac foods was based on these beliefs.Many of the vegetarian foods that Kellogg developed and offered his patients were publicly marketed: Kellogg is best known today for the invention of the breakfast cereal corn flakes, originally intended to be an anaphrodisiac, made by his brother, Will Keith Kellogg. His creation of the modern breakfast cereal changed \"the American breakfast landscape forever.\"Kellogg was an early proponent of the new germ theory of disease, and well ahead of his time in relating intestinal flora and the presence of bacteria in the intestines to health and disease. The sanitarium approached treatment in a holistic manner, actively promoting vegetarianism, nutrition, the use of enemas to clear \"intestinal flora\", exercise, sun-bathing, and hydrotherapy, as well as the abstention from smoking tobacco, drinking alcoholic beverages, and sexual activity.", "Q219373": "Elizabeth Banks (born Elizabeth Irene Mitchell; February 10, 1974) is an American actress, director, writer, and producer. She is known for playing Effie Trinket in The Hunger Games film series (2012\u20132015) and Gail Abernathy-McKadden in the Pitch Perfect film series (2012\u20132017). Banks made her directorial film debut with Pitch Perfect 2 (2015), whose $69 million opening-weekend gross set a record for a first-time director. She also directed, wrote, produced, and starred in the action comedy film Charlie's Angels (2019).\nBanks made her film debut in the low-budget independent film Surrender Dorothy (1998). She starred in the films Wet Hot American Summer (2001), Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy (2002\u20132007), Seabiscuit (2003), The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Slither (2006), Zack and Miri Make a Porno (2008), Role Models (2008), The Next Three Days (2010), Man on a Ledge (2012), What to Expect When You're Expecting (2012), The Lego Movie (2014), Love & Mercy (2014), Magic Mike XXL (2015), Power Rangers (2017), The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part (2019), and Brightburn (2019).\nOn television, Banks had a recurring role as Avery Jessup on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock, which earned her two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. She also had recurring roles on the comedy series Scrubs and Modern Family, the latter of which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. Banks starred in the Netflix miniseries Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp (2015) and Wet Hot American Summer: Ten Years Later (2017). As of 2019, she hosts a revival of the 1980s game show Press Your Luck on ABC.", "Q4247": "Rodolphe T\u00f6pffer ( TOP-f\u0259r, French: [\u0281\u0254d\u0254lf t\u0153pf\u025b\u0281]; 31 January or 1 February 1799 \u2013 8 June 1846) was a Swiss teacher, author, painter, cartoonist, and caricaturist. He is best known for his illustrated books (litt\u00e9rature en estampes, \"graphic literature\"), which are possibly the earliest European comics. He is known as the father of comic strips and has been credited as the \"first comics artist in history.\"Paris-educated, T\u00f6pffer worked as a schoolteacher and ran a boarding school, where he entertained students with his caricatures. In 1837, he published Histoire de M. Vieux Bois (published in the United States in 1842 as The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck). Each page of the book had one to six captioned cartoon panels, much like modern comics. T\u00f6pffer published several more of these books, and wrote theoretical essays on the form.", "Q262919": "Hans Leyendecker (born May 12, 1949) is a German journalist. He writes for the S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung and is one of Germany's best known investigative journalists.\nLeyendecker formerly worked for the magazine Der Spiegel, unveiling various political and economic scandals, such as the widespread illegal party financing during the 1980s, and that of the CDU in 1999. He also unveiled the smuggling of Russian plutonium into Germany, with the help of the foreign intelligence service Bundesnachrichtendienst in 1994, bribery at arms deals, German Visa Affair 2005 and corruption of the staff council at Volkswagen.\n\n", "Q288318": "Marie Gillain O.M.W. (born 18 June 1975) is a Belgian actress.\nIn 1996 Gillain received the Prix Romy Schneider. She is single and has two daughters, Dune (born in 2004, by musician Martin Gamet) and Vega (born in 2009, by French-Italian actor Christopher Degli Esposti).", "Q926989": "Matthew Hank Bennett (born November 13, 1991) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for playing the role of Robbie Shapiro in the Nickelodeon sitcom Victorious and for starring in the Will Ferrell-produced film The Virginity Hit.", "Q451150": "Sheila Colleen Bair (born April 3, 1954) was the 19th Chair of the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), during which time she assumed a prominent role in the government's response to the 2008 financial crisis. She was appointed to the post for a five-year term on June 26, 2006 by George W. Bush.\nOn August 1, 2015, she became the 28th president of Washington College in Chestertown, MD. She left Washington College on June 30, 2017 shortly after taking a position as a non-executive director for the state-owned Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. Previously, Bair served as a member of the FDIC Board of Directors through July 8, 2011.", "Q44036": "Tonya Pinkins (born May 30, 1962) is an American television, film and theater actress and author known for her portrayal of Livia Frye on the soap opera All My Children and for her roles on Broadway. She has been nominated for three Tony Awards (winning one), and has won Obie, Lortel, Drama Desk, Outer Critics Circle, AUDLECO, Garland, L.A. Drama Critics Circle, Clarence Derwent, and NAACP Theater Awards. She has been nominated for the Olivier, Helen Hayes, Noel, Joseph Jefferson, NAACP Image, Soap Opera Digest, and Ovation Awards. She won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for Jelly's Last Jam.", "Q7996": "Ivan IV Vasilyevich (; Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447, tr. Ivan Vasilyevich; 25 August 1530 \u2013 28 March [O.S. 18 March] 1584), commonly known as Ivan the Terrible (Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439\u200b Ivan Grozny; \"Ivan the Formidable\" or \"Ivan the Fearsome\", Latin: Ioannes Severus ), was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of Russia from 1547 to 1584.\nIvan was the son of Vasili III, the Rurikid ruler of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and was appointed Grand Prince at three years old after his father's death. A group of reformers, united around the young Ivan and known as the \"Chosen Council\", declared him Tsar (Emperor) of All Rus' in 1547 at the age of sixteen, establishing the Tsardom of Russia with Moscow as the predominant state. Ivan's reign was characterized by Russia's transformation from a medieval state into an empire under the Tsar, though at immense cost to its people and its broader, long-term economy. In the young years of Ivan, there was a conquest of the Khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan. After consolidating his power, Ivan got rid of the advisers from the \"Chosen Council\" and triggered the Livonian War, which ravaged Russia and resulted in the loss of Livonia and Ingria, but allowed him to establish greater autocratic control over Russia's nobility, whom he violently purged in the Oprichnina. The later years of Ivan's reign were also marked by the Massacre of Novgorod and the burning of Moscow by Tatars. Ivan was a patron of trade, giving a monopoly to the Muscovy Company, and the founder of Russia's first publishing house, the Moscow Print Yard.\nHistoric sources present disparate accounts of Ivan's complex personality: he was described as intelligent and devout, but also prone to paranoia, rages, and episodic outbreaks of mental instability that increased with age. Ivan is popularly believed to have killed his eldest son and heir Ivan Ivanovich and the latter's unborn son during his outbursts, which left his younger son, the politically ineffectual Feodor Ivanovich, to inherit the throne, a man whose rule directly led to the end of the Rurikid dynasty and the beginning of the Time of Troubles.", "Q213138": "Dragon (Chinese: \u6b66\u4fe0; pinyin: W\u01d4 xi\u00e1) is a 2011 Hong Kong-Chinese martial arts film directed by Peter Chan, and starring Donnie Yen, Takeshi Kaneshiro and Tang Wei. Yen also served as the film's action director. It premiered on 13 May 2011 at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival in the Midnight Screenings category. Donnie Yen and Peter Chan presided over the lighting of a billboard for Dragon that broke the Guinness Book of World Records for its size, 3591 square metres, previously held by a poster for a Michael Jackson album.", "Q484779": "Luc Paul Maurice Besson (French: [lyk b\u025bs\u0254\u0303]; born 18 March 1959) is a French film director, screenwriter, and producer. He directed or produced the films Subway (1985), The Big Blue (1988), and La Femme Nikita (1990). Besson is associated with the Cin\u00e9ma du look film movement. He has been nominated for a C\u00e9sar Award for Best Director and Best Picture for his films L\u00e9on: The Professional and The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc. He won Best Director and Best French Director for his sci-fi action film The Fifth Element (1997). He wrote and directed the 2014 sci-fi action film Lucy and the 2017 space opera film Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets.\nIn 1980, he founded his own production company, Les Films du Loup, and, later, Les Films du Dauphin, which were superseded in 2000 by his co-founding EuropaCorp film company with his longtime collaborator, Pierre-Ange Le Pogam. As writer, director, or producer, Besson has so far been involved in the creation of more than 50 films.", "Q273814": "Edith Marie Blossom MacDonald (August 21, 1895 \u2013 January 14, 1978), also known as Blossom Rock, was an American actress of vaudeville, stage, television, and film. During her career she was also billed as Marie Blake or Blossom MacDonald. Her younger sister was screen actress and singer Jeanette MacDonald. Rock is probably best known for her role as \"Grandmama\" on the 1960s horror sitcom The Addams Family.", "Q1452648": "Freddy Fender (born Baldemar Garza Huerta; June 4, 1937 \u2013 October 14, 2006) was an American Tejano, country and rock and roll musician, known for his work as a solo artist and in the groups Los Super Seven and the Texas Tornados. He is best known for his 1975 hits \"Before the Next Teardrop Falls\" and the subsequent remake of his own \"Wasted Days and Wasted Nights\".", "Q330093": "Marvin Karlton Rainwater (July 2, 1925 \u2013 September 17, 2013) was an American country and rockabilly singer and songwriter who had several hits during the late 1950s, including \"Gonna Find Me a Bluebird\" and \"Whole Lotta Woman\", which hit #1 on the UK Singles Chart. He was known for wearing Native American-themed outfits on stage and claimed to have quarter-blood Cherokee ancestry.", "Q177374": "There's Something About Mary is a 1998 American comedy film directed by Bobby and Peter Farrelly. It stars Cameron Diaz as the titular character with Ben Stiller, Matt Dillon, Lee Evans and Chris Elliott all playing men who are in love with Mary and vying for her affections.\nThere's Something About Mary was released theatrically on July 15,1998 by 20th Century Fox. It received generally positive reviews from critics who praised its humor and Diaz's titular performance. It became a major box office success, grossing over $369 million worldwide against its $23 million budget, becoming the fourth-highest-grossing film of the year.\nIt is placed 27th in the American Film Institute's 100 Years, 100 Laughs: America's Funniest Movies, a list of the 100 funniest movies of the 20th century. In 2000, readers of Total Film magazine voted it the fourth-greatest comedy film of all time. Diaz won a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress, an MTV Movie Award for Best Performance, an American Comedy Award for Best Actress, a Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Best Actress. She also received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance. It was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy. It won four out of eight MTV Movie Awards, including Best Movie.\n\n", "Q982959": "Alberto de Palacio y Elissague (1856-1939) was a Spanish engineer and architect born in Sare (Northern Basque Country) and grown up in Gordexola.He studied architecture in Barcelona and completed his education in Paris, studying mathematics, engineering, astronomy and medicine. He was also a student & disciple of Gustave Eiffel.", "Q310343": "Dudley Stuart John Moore, CBE (19 April 1935 \u2013 27 March 2002) was an English actor, comedian, musician and composer. Moore first came to prominence in the UK as a leading figure in the British satire boom of the 1960s. He was one of the four writer-performers in the comedy revue Beyond the Fringe from 1960 that created a boom in satirical comedy, and with one member of that team, Peter Cook, collaborated on the BBC television series Not Only... But Also. The double act worked on other projects until the mid-1970s, by which time Moore had settled in Los Angeles to concentrate on his film acting.\nHis solo career as a comedy film actor was heightened by the success of hit Hollywood films, particularly Foul Play (1978), 10 (1979) and Arthur (1981). For Arthur, Moore was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and won a Golden Globe Award. He received a second Golden Globe for his performance in Micki & Maude (1984).", "Q723218": "Juan Ram\u00f3n Lacadena Calero (born 14 November 1934) is a Spanish agronomical engineer. \nLacadena was born at Zaragoza. He studied in the Escuela Especial de Ingenieros Agr\u00f3nomos in Madrid. He has been collaborator in CSIC, professor of Genetics in the UCM, head of the Department of Genetics in the Universidad de La Laguna (1971) and in the UCM (1971\u20132005). \nHe collaborated in the Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Gen\u00e9tica (Secretary, 1973\u20131985; President, 1985\u20131990). \nHe has made more than 100 papers and scientific monographs about chromosomal behaviour in cytogenetics and more than 80 publications about genetics and bioethics. He was a member in the Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Reproducci\u00f3n Humana Asistida (1997) and in the International Society of Bioethics (1997).", "Q1006950": "New York Film Academy \u2013 School of Film and Acting (NYFA) is a for-profit film school and acting school based in New York City, Los Angeles, and Miami. The New York Film Academy was founded in 1992 by Jerry Sherlock, a former film, television and theatre producer. It was originally located at the Tribeca Film Center. In 1994, NYFA moved to 100 East 17th Street, the former Tammany Hall building in the Union Square. After 23 years of occupancy, the Academy relocated from Tammany Hall to Battery Park.As of 2012, the school has 400+ employees and over 5,000 students per year (many of them from outside the United States). NYFA offers master, bachelor, and associate degrees, as well as one- and two-year conservatory programs, short-term workshops, and youth programs and summer camps.", "Q734764": "The University of New South Wales (UNSW; branded as UNSW Sydney since 2017) is an Australian public research university located in the Sydney suburb of Kensington. In 2012, UNSW recorded the highest median ATAR of any university in NSW and attracted the highest number of top 500 students from the state. Established in 1949, it is ranked 4th in Australia, 43rd in the world according to the 2020 QS World University Rankings.The university comprises nine faculties, through which it offers bachelor, master and doctoral degrees. The main campus is located on a 38-hectare (94-acre) site in the Sydney suburb of Kensington, 7 km (about 4.3 miles) from the Sydney central business district. The creative arts faculty, UNSW Art & Design, is located in Paddington, UNSW Canberra is located at the Australian Defence Force Academy in Canberra and sub-campuses are located in the Sydney CBD, the suburbs of Randwick and Coogee. Research stations are located throughout the state of New South Wales.UNSW is one of the founding members of the Group of Eight, a coalition of Australian research-intensive universities, and of Universitas 21, a global network of research universities. It has international exchange and research partnerships with over 200 universities around the world.", "Q542886": "J\u00f8rgen Ingmann (born J\u00f8rgen Ingmann Pedersen; 26 April 1925 \u2013 21 March 2015) was a Danish jazz and pop guitarist from Copenhagen. He was popular in Europe, and had a wider international hit in 1961 with his version of \"Apache\". He and his wife Grethe Ingmann won the 1963 Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"Dansevise\".", "Q4340805": "Malin Kenneth Oshman (July 9, 1940 \u2013 August 6, 2011) was an American business person and Silicon Valley pioneer. Oshman and three former classmates from Rice University founded ROLM, initially a maker of rugged military computers, in 1969. In 1988, he became chief executive officer of Echelon Corporation.", "Q669305": "Cotia is a municipality in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of S\u00e3o Paulo. The population is 229,548 (2015 est.) in an area of 323.99 km\u00b2. The city is at an altitude of 853 m. Cotia is linked with the Rodovia Raposo Tavares highway.", "Q598344": "Mervyn Edward Griffin Jr. (July 6, 1925 \u2013 August 12, 2007) was an American television host and media mogul. He began his career as a radio and big band singer who went on to appear in film and on Broadway. From 1965 to 1986, Griffin hosted his own talk show, The Merv Griffin Show. He also created the internationally popular game shows Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune through his television production companies, Merv Griffin Enterprises and Merv Griffin Entertainment.", "Q130981": "The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, commonly known as Cooper Union or The Cooper Union and informally referred to, especially during the 19th century, as 'the Cooper Institute,' is a private college at Cooper Square on the border of the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. Inspired in 1830 when Peter Cooper learned about the government-supported \u00c9cole Polytechnique in France, Cooper Union was established in 1859. The school was built on a radical new model of American higher education based on founder Peter Cooper's fundamental belief that an education \"equal to the best technology schools [then] established\" should be accessible to those who qualify, independent of their race, religion, sex, wealth or social status, and should be \"open and free to all.\"Cooper envisioned his school replacing the declining master/apprentice system with a higher form of education suited to a new age. \"Machinery has, in a great measure, driven out the old trades, and the discipline of the old apprentice system has passed away. Our youth in the industrial classes begin life under very different auspices.\" The situation was particularly dire for girls who rarely had the advantage of apprenticeship and were easily exploited by their employers, and for \"young women of refinement and general culture\" thrown upon their own resources by \"the peculiar conditions and characteristics of American life.\" \"All I want\", Cooper was remembered often saying, \"is that these poor women shall earn decent and respectable livings, and especially that they shall be kept from marrying bad husbands.\" True to his ideals, the institute's night school was open to boys and girls, and in 1858, a year before the Cooper Union officially opened, the New York School of Design for Women was moved into the building.The Cooper Union originally offered free courses to its admitted students, and when a four-year undergraduate program was established in 1902, the school granted each admitted student a full-tuition scholarship. Following its own financial crisis, the school decided to abandon this policy starting in the fall of 2014. Each incoming student receives at least a half-tuition merit scholarship, with additional school financial support, which is provided on a sliding scale up to full tuition scholarships (for which a significant number of students qualify), based on financial needs. A consent decree brokered by the New York Attorney General in New York Supreme Court, and finalized in 2015, required the establishment of a Free Education Committee with the responsibility to present a strategic plan to allow the school to return to a sustainable tuition-free model. In March 2018, the board released their recommended plan to reinstate full-tuition scholarships only for undergraduates by the 2028\u20132029 academic year.\nThe college is divided into three schools: the Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture, the School of Art, and the Albert Nerken School of Engineering. It offers undergraduate and master's degree programs exclusively in the fields of architecture, fine arts (undergraduate only), and engineering. It is a member of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) and the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD). For 2020, Cooper Union was ranked number one in the Regional Colleges (North) category and number one in \"Best Value School\" category by U.S. News & World Report. Following the resignation of Jamshed Bharucha in 2015, William Mea served as the college's Acting President until January 2017 when Laura Sparks became the 13th president.\nUntil 2014, Cooper Union was one of the very few American institutions of higher learning to offer a full-tuition scholarship \u2013 valued at approximately $150,000 as of 2012 \u2013 to every admitted student. Cooper Union has historically been one of the most selective colleges in the United States, with an acceptance rate that was typically below 10% prior to 2014. In part due to its 9% acceptance rate for the 2010 Fall incoming class, Cooper Union was named by Newsweek as the \"#1 Most Desirable Small School\" and \"#7 Most Desirable School\" overall.", "Q626412": "Arash Hejazi (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200e), born 1971 in Tehran, Iran, is an Iranian physician, novelist, fiction writer and translator of literary works from English and Portuguese into Persian. He is also an editor in Caravan Books Publishing House (Iran), and Book Fiesta Literary Magazine. He is a member of the Tehran Union of Publishers and Booksellers (TUPB) and was the managing editor of its journal, Sanat-e-Nashr (Publishing Industry), from 2006 to 2007. He was one of the nominees to receive the Freedom to Publish Prize held by International Publishers\u2019 Association (IPA) in 2006. He is also a novel writer, whose best known novel The Princess of the Land of Eternity was shortlisted for two major Iranian literary prizes and has sold more than 20,000 copies in Iran since its first publication in 2003. He in 2009 he received his MA in Publishing from Oxford Brookes University. His dissertation on censorship in Iran was published in the publishing journal Logos in 2011, and his memoir The Gaze of the Gazelle about growing up in Iran after the Islamic Revolution was published by Chicago University Press in 2011.He was present at the death of Neda Agha-Soltan during the 2009 Iranian election protests, and was one of those who attempted to save her life. He lived in Tehran. Arash Hejazi is reported to have since fled Iran out of fear of government reprisals.", "Q441425": "Tabrett Bethell (born 13 May 1982) is an Australian film, television, and theater actress, best known for portraying the character Cara Mason in the television series Legend of the Seeker. Prior to her acting career, she worked as a fashion model from the age of 16, and as a cheerleader for the National Rugby League (NRL) Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks.", "Q7028": "Kamen is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the district Unna.", "Q428493": "Sykes \"Smith\" Ballew (January 21, 1902 \u2013 May 2, 1984) was an American actor, sophisticated singer, orchestra leader, and a western singing star. He also was billed as Buddy Blue, Charles Roberts, and Billy Smith.", "Q54543": "Helen Newington Wills (October 6, 1905 \u2013 January 1, 1998), also known as Helen Wills Moody and Helen Wills Roark, was an American tennis player. She became famous around the world for holding the top position in women's tennis for a total of nine years: 1927\u201333, 1935 and 1938. She won 31 Grand Slam tournament titles (singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles) during her career, including 19 singles titles.\nWills was the first American woman athlete to become a global celebrity, making friends with royalty and film stars despite her preference for staying out of the limelight. She was admired for her graceful physique and for her fluid motion. She was part of a new tennis fashion, playing in knee-length pleated skirts rather than the longer ones of her predecessors. Unusually, she practiced against men to hone her craft, and she played a relentless game, wearing down her female opponents with power and accuracy. In 1933, she beat the eighth-ranked US male player in an exhibition match.\nHer record of eight wins at Wimbledon was not surpassed until 1990 when Martina Navratilova won her ninth. She was said to be \"arguably the most dominant tennis player of the 20th century\", and has been called by some (including Jack Kramer, Harry Hopman, Mercer Beasley, Don Budge, and AP News) the greatest female player in history.", "Q719190": "Henryk Grynberg (born 1936 in Warsaw) is a Polish writer and actor who survived the Nazi occupation. He is an award-winning novelist, short-story writer, poet, playwright and essayist who had authored more than thirty books of prose and poetry and two dramas. Grynberg, known as the \u201cchronicler of the fate of the Polish Jews\u201d, tackled in his writings the Holocaust experience and the post-Holocaust trauma.", "Q284244": "Blaise-Jean-Marius Michel, Comte de Pierredon (1819-1907), also known as Michel Pasha or Michel Pacha in French, was a French architect and lighthouse builder.", "Q175205": "John William De Forest (May 31, 1826 \u2013 July 17, 1906) was an American soldier and writer of realistic fiction, best known for his Civil War novel Miss Ravenel's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty.", "Q2865129": "Arthur Groussier (16 August 1863, Orl\u00e9ans - 6 February 1957) was a French politician. At first he joined the Federation of the Socialist Workers of France (FTSF). In 1890 he joined the Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party (POSR). In 1896 he joined the Revolutionary Communist Alliance (ACR), which in 1902 merged into the Socialist Party of France (PSdF), which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. Groussier was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1893 to 1902 and from 1906 to 1924. He was a very active Freemason.", "Q465593": "Ki\u1ebfn Ph\u00fac (Hanoi: [ki\u0259n\u02e7\u02e6 f\u028awk\u0361p\u031a\u02e7\u02e6], 12 February 1869 \u2013 31 July 1884) was a child emperor of Vietnam, who reigned for less than 8 months, 1883-1884, as the 7th emperor of the Nguy\u1ec5n Dynasty.", "Q2647961": "Allan Corduner (born 2 April 1950) is an English actor born in Stockholm to a German mother and a Russo-Finnish father. He grew up in a secular Jewish home in London. After earning a BA (Hons) in English and Drama at Bristol University he trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School. He has worked extensively on stage, TV, and film, both in the UK and in the United States. His voice is familiar from many BBC radio plays, audio books and TV documentaries.\nCorduner made his feature film debut in Yentl, with Barbra Streisand. Of his 44 films he is perhaps best known for his portrayal of Sir Arthur Sullivan in Mike Leigh's Topsy-Turvy.", "Q41628": "John II Komnenos or Comnenus (Greek: \u038a\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u02b9 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, I\u014dann\u0113s II Komn\u0113nos; 13 September 1087 \u2013 8 April 1143) was Byzantine emperor from 1118 to 1143. Also known as \"John the Beautiful\" or \"John the Good\" (Kalo\u00ef\u014dann\u0113s), he was the eldest son of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Irene Doukaina and the second emperor to rule during the Komnenian restoration of the Byzantine Empire. John was a pious and dedicated monarch who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered following the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier.\nJohn has been assessed as the greatest of the Komnenian emperors. In the course of his twenty-five year reign, John made alliances with the Holy Roman Empire in the west, decisively defeated the Pechenegs, Hungarians and Serbs in the Balkans, and personally led numerous campaigns against the Turks in Asia Minor. John's campaigns fundamentally changed the balance of power in the east, forcing the Turks onto the defensive and restoring to the Byzantines many towns, fortresses and cities right across the Anatolian peninsula. In the southeast, John extended Byzantine control from the Maeander in the west all the way to Cilicia and Tarsus in the east. In an effort to demonstrate the Byzantine ideal of the emperor's role as the leader of the Christian world, John marched into Muslim Syria at the head of the combined forces of Byzantium and the Crusader states; yet despite the great vigour with which he pressed the campaign, John's hopes were disappointed by the evasiveness of his Crusader allies and their reluctance to fight alongside his forces.\nUnder John, the empire's population recovered to about 10 million people. The quarter-century of John II's reign is less well recorded by contemporary or near-contemporary writers than the reigns of either his father, Alexios I, or his son, Manuel I. In particular little is known of the history of John's domestic rule or policies.", "Q547726": "Barbara Coudenhove-Kalergi (born 15 January 1932, Prague) is an Austrian journalist. A member of the Coudenhove-Kalergi family, she is the daughter of Gerolf von Coudenhove-Kalergi and thus the niece of Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi. As ethnic German she was expelled from her hometown Prague during the ethnic cleansing of 1945/1946 that murdered or drove from their homes the more than 30% ethnic Germans, citizens of pre-war Czechoslovakia, from the territories of the country. She was awarded the Order of Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue Masaryk, Class IV, in 2001.", "Q577829": "Blue Island is a city and a south suburb of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, located approximately 16 miles (26 km) south of Chicago's Loop. Blue Island is adjacent to the city of Chicago and shares its northern boundary with that city's Morgan Park neighborhood. The population was 23,706 at the 2010 United States Census.\nBlue Island was established in the 1830s as a way station for settlers traveling on the Vincennes Trace, and the settlement prospered because it was conveniently situated a day's journey outside of Chicago. The late-nineteenth-century historian and publisher Alfred T. Andreas made the following observation regarding the appearance of the young community in History of Cook County Illinois (1884), \"The location of Blue Island Village is a beautiful one. Nowhere about Chicago is there to be found a more pleasant and desirable resident locality.\"Since its founding, the city has been an important commercial center in the south Cook County region, although its position in that respect has been eclipsed in recent years as other significant population centers developed around it and the region's commercial resources became spread over a wider area. In addition to its broad long-standing industrial base, the city enjoyed notable growth in the 1840s during the construction of the feeder canal (now the Calumet Sag Channel) for the Illinois and Michigan Canal and as the center of a large brick-making industry beginning in the 1850s, which eventually gave Blue Island the status of brick-making capital of the world. Beginning in 1883, Blue Island was also host to the car shops of the Rock Island Railroad. Blue Island was home to several breweries, who used the east side of the hill to store their product before the advent of refrigeration, until the Eighteenth Amendment made these breweries illegal in 1919. A large regional hospital and two major clinics are also located in the city.\nAlthough initially settled by \"Yankee\" stock, Blue Island has been the point of entry for many of America's immigrants, beginning in the 1840s with the arrival of a large German population that remained a prominent part of the city's ethnic makeup for many years. By 1850, half of Blue Island's population was either foreign-born or the children of foreign-born residents. Later, significant groups came from Italy, Poland, Sweden and Mexico.\nThe city is one of eleven incorporated areas in Illinois to have been designated by the White House as a \"Preserve America\" community.", "Q133244": "Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high bilirubin levels. It is commonly associated with itchiness. The feces may be pale and the urine dark. Jaundice in babies occurs in over half in the first week following birth and does not pose a serious threat in most. If bilirubin levels in babies are very high for too long, a type of brain damage, known as kernicterus, may occur.Causes of jaundice vary from non-serious to potentially fatal. Levels of bilirubin in blood are normally below 1.0 mg/dL (17 \u00b5mol/L) and levels over 2\u20133 mg/dL (34-51 \u00b5mol/L) typically results in jaundice. High bilirubin is divided into two types: unconjugated (indirect) and conjugated (direct). Conjugated bilirubin can be confirmed by finding bilirubin in the urine. Other conditions that can cause yellowish skin but are not jaundice include carotenemia from eating large amounts of certain foods containing carotene and medications like rifampin.High unconjugated bilirubin may be due to excess red blood cell breakdown, large bruises, genetic conditions such as Gilbert's syndrome, not eating for a prolonged period of time, newborn jaundice, or thyroid problems. High conjugated bilirubin may be due to liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, infections, medications, or blockage of the bile duct. In the developed world, the cause is more often blockage of the bile duct or medications; in the developing world, it is more often infections such as viral hepatitis, leptospirosis, schistosomiasis, or malaria. Blockage of the bile duct may occur due to gallstones, cancer, or pancreatitis. Medical imaging such as ultrasound is useful for detecting bile duct blockage.Treatment of jaundice is typically determined by the underlying cause. If a bile duct blockage is present, surgery is typically required; otherwise, management is medical. Medical management may involve treating infectious causes and stopping medication that could be contributing to the jaundice. Among newborns, depending on age and prematurity, a bilirubin greater than 4\u201321 mg/dL (68-360 \u00b5mol/L) may be treated with phototherapy or exchanged transfusion. The itchiness may be helped by draining the gallbladder or ursodeoxycholic acid. The word jaundice is from the French jaunisse, meaning \"yellow disease\".", "Q1368943": "Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), also known as cerebral bleed, is a type of intracranial bleed that occurs within the brain tissue or ventricles. Symptoms can include headache, one-sided weakness, vomiting, seizures, decreased level of consciousness, and neck stiffness. Often symptoms get worse over time. Fever is also common. In many cases bleeding is present in both the brain tissue and the ventricles.Causes include brain trauma, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and brain tumors. The largest risk factors for spontaneous bleeding are high blood pressure and amyloidosis. Other risk factors include alcoholism, low cholesterol, blood thinners, and cocaine use. Diagnosis is typically by CT scan. Other conditions that may present similarly include ischemic stroke.Treatment should typically be carried out in an intensive care unit. Guidelines recommended decreasing the blood pressure to a systolic of 140 mmHg. Blood thinners should be reversed if possible and blood sugar kept in the normal range. Surgery to place a ventricular drain may be used to treat hydrocephalus but corticosteroids should not be used. Surgery to remove the blood is useful in certain cases.Cerebral bleeding affects about 2.5 per 10,000 people each year. It occurs more often in males and older people. About 44% of those affected die within a month. A good outcome occurs in about 20% of those affected. Strokes were first divided into their two major types, bleeding and insufficient blood flow, in 1823.", "Q674426": "A curator (from Latin: cura, meaning \"to take care\") is a manager or overseer. Traditionally, a curator or keeper of a cultural heritage institution (e.g., gallery, museum, library, or archive) is a content specialist charged with an institution's collections and involved with the interpretation of heritage material including historical artifacts.\nA traditional curator's concern necessarily involves tangible objects of some sort \u2014 artwork, collectibles, historic items, or scientific collections. More recently, new kinds of curators have started to emerge: curators of digital data objects and biocurators.", "Q113194": "Robert Ponger (born 1950, Vienna) is an Austrian songwriter and record producer, most famous for his work with Austrian singer Falco.Ponger produced and shared writing credits on Falco's first two solo albums, 1982's Einzelhaft and 1984's Junge Roemer. He co-wrote the song \"Der Kommissar\", which was a hit for both Falco in its original German and later for the British rock band After the Fire, whose English translation of the song became a top-ten Billboard hit in 1983.Following his early work with Falco, Ponger co-wrote and produced music by Austrian singer Udo J\u00fcrgens. He later reunited with Falco to co-write and produce the singer's 1990 album Data de Groove.", "Q3225790": "Le Populaire was a socialist daily newspaper published in France. It was the main organ of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO).", "Q673349": "And Quiet Flows the Don (Russian: \u0422\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u043e\u043d, translit. Tikhiy Don) is a three-part epic 1958 Soviet film directed by Sergei Gerasimov based on the novel of the same title by Mikhail Sholokhov. The first two parts of the film were released in October 1957 and the final third part in 1958. In 1958 the film won Crystal Globe award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival and the Best Picture Award at the All-Union Film Festival.", "Q122349": "Shozaburo Jimi (\u81ea\u898b \u5e84\u4e09\u90ce, Jimi Sh\u014dzabur\u014d, born November 5, 1945 in Kokura Kita-ku, Kitaky\u016bsh\u016b) is a former Japanese politician of the now defunct People's New Party, and was a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). Jimi is a registered medical practitioner, and was a graduate of the department of medicine at Kyushu University in 1977. He was elected to the House of Councillors 2007, after serving more than 20 years in the House of Representatives of Japan for the 4th and 10th Fukuoka districts respectively. He served as the Minister of State for Financial Services and Postal Reform from 2010 to 2012.\n\n", "Q66283": "Feuerthalen is a municipality in the district of Andelfingen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. Langwiesen also belongs to the same municipality.\n\n", "Q49260": "The Norwegian Association for Women's Rights (Norwegian: Norsk Kvinnesaksforening; NKF) is a Norwegian nonpartisan political advocacy organisation and Norway's oldest and preeminent women's and girls' rights organisation.\nIt was founded in 1884 on the initiative of Gina Krog and Hagbart Berner by 171 prominent women and men, including five Norwegian Prime Ministers. Its basic principle is that full and equal enjoyment of human rights is due to all women and girls, and it works to advance women's social, economic and political situation in Norway as well as internationally. Historically associated with the Liberal Party, NKF is today broadly representative of the political spectrum. The association has always been Norway's most important mainstream feminist or liberal feminist organisation and has successfully campaigned for women\u2019s right to education, the right to vote, the right to work, the adoption of the 1978 Gender Equality Act and the establishment of what is now the Gender Equality and Anti-Discrimination Ombud. In line with its roots in 19th century first-wave liberal feminism, political and legal reform remains its primary focus, and it has always concentrated on lobbying government bodies in a professional way; since the 1970s the implementation of the CEDAW convention has been a major issue. In 1896 the association also founded the Norwegian Women's Public Health Association, a humanitarian organisation whose membership reached 250,000.\nThe current President is Karin M. Bruzelius, a former Supreme Court Justice on the Supreme Court of Norway. NKF is a member of the International Alliance of Women (IAW), which has general consultative status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council and participatory status with the Council of Europe. NKF is also a member of the Norwegian Women's Lobby and of the Forum for Women and Development, and initiated the establishment of both organisations. Several of NKF's early leaders, among them the noted humanitarian Fredrikke Marie Qvam, were married to Norwegian prime ministers. Its postwar leaders include Liberal Party leader and cabinet minister Eva Kolstad and the former chairman of UNICEF, Torild Skard. Its honorary members include Camilla Collett and Norway's first female Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland. NKF's offices are located at Majorstuen in Oslo. NKF has always been open to both women and men.", "Q85118": "Vanessa Brown (born Smylla Brind, March 24, 1928 \u2013 May 21, 1999) was an Austrian-born American actress who was successful in radio, film, theater, and television.", "Q251479": "Blessed \u00c1lvaro del Portillo y Diez de Sollano (11 March 1914 \u2013 23 March 1994) was a Spanish engineer and Roman Catholic bishop. He served as the prelate of Opus Dei between 1982 and 1994 as the successor to Saint Josemar\u00eda Escriv\u00e1.\nLuminaries such as Pope John Paul II and Cardinal Carlo Caffarra have praised Portillo as a faithful servant of God. John Paul II referred to him as a \"good and faithful servant\" while Caffarra dubbed him a \"disciple of Christ\".\nHis cause of sainthood commenced on 21 January 2004 after being titled as a Servant of God. The confirmation of his heroic virtue on 28 June 2012 allowed for Pope Benedict XVI to name him as Venerable. He was beatified on 27 September 2014 in Madrid in a mass that Cardinal Angelo Amato presided over on the behalf of Pope Francis.", "Q313138": "Reginald \"Reggie\" Noble (born April 17, 1970), better known by his stage name Redman, is an American rapper, DJ, record producer, and actor. He rose to fame in the early 1990s as an artist on the Def Jam label.\nHe is well-known for his collaborations with his close friend Method Man, as one-half of the rap duo Method Man & Redman, including their starring roles in films and sitcoms. He was also a member of the Def Squad in the late 1990s.", "Q3002383": "Crazy Cruise is a 1942 Warner Bros. cartoon in the Merrie Melodies series. It was directed by Tex Avery and Bob Clampett, whose names do not appear on the surviving print of the cartoon. Because Tex left the studio in September 1941 before production was completed (it was the last he worked on), Clampett finished it, and both names were officially left off the credits. The only credits given are the story by Michael Maltese, animation by Rod Scribner, and musical direction by Carl Stalling.", "Q292432": "Priscilla Ahn (born Priscilla Natalie Hartranft; March 9, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. She released her single \"Dream\" from her debut album, A Good Day, produced by Joey Waronker for EMI's Blue Note Records, in 2008. After growing up in Pennsylvania and graduating from high school, Ahn moved to Los Angeles, California, adopted her mother's Korean maiden name and began to pursue a music career.\nAhn has toured with Willie Nelson, Amos Lee, Ray LaMontagne, Devotchka and Joshua Radin and her collaborative efforts include Ti\u00ebsto's \"I Am Strong\", Cary Brothers' \"Maps\" and Ashtar Command's \"The Breakup Song\".\nAhn has released several albums, including A Good Day, When You Grow Up, and This Is Where We Are. She has toured internationally, including tours in Japan, China, Korea and the US.", "Q688845": "Armor for Sleep is an American rock band from New Jersey, formed in 2001. They disbanded in 2009. Their final lineup consisted of lead vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter Ben Jorgensen, lead guitarist PJ DeCicco, bassist Anthony DiIonno and drummer Nash Breen.\nAfter initial demos had been distributed, New York-based independent label Equal Vision Records signed the band and went on to release the concept-based albums, Dream to Make Believe (2003) and What to Do When You Are Dead (2005). The following year, they signed to Sire Records and Warner Bros. and released their last album Smile for Them (2007). They announced their disbandment in October 2009.\nDuring their recording career, the band were renowned for their blend of alternative rock to atmospheric emo and dream pop.", "Q59073": "Places in the Heart is a 1984 American drama film written and directed by Robert Benton about a Depression-era Texas widow who tries to save her family farm with the help of a blind white man and a poor black man. The film stars Sally Field, Lindsay Crouse, Ed Harris, Ray Baker, Amy Madigan, John Malkovich, Danny Glover, Jerry Haynes and Terry O'Quinn. It was filmed in Waxahachie, Texas, on Jack Davis' farm. Field won her second Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance.", "Q624211": "Ma Kwang-soo (\ub9c8\uad11\uc218; \u99ac\u5149\u6d19; 14 April 1951 \u2212 5 September 2017) was a South Korean poet, professor in Korean literature, novelist and essayist. He died in an apparent suicide in September 2017. For most of his life, he taught at Yonsei University. He was imprisoned for eight months, and discharged from his university for six years, for publishing 'sexually explicit' novels in 1995. His novel, Happy Sara (\uc990\uac70\uc6b4 \uc0ac\ub77c) was deemed obscene by the Supreme Court and is banned for teenagers.He made his literary debut in 1977, releasing six poems on a monthly basis on the recommendation of poet Park Doo-jin. Later in 1989, she created a sensation for her free sex discussion, including poems, roses, novels, and essays. In particular, the 1991 novel, \" Happy Sarah, \" has changed his life forever, creating a heated controversy over obscenity in our society. Sarah, a female college student, was arrested in 1992 on charges of producing and distributing obscene materials. His arrest was a classic cultural event that revealed aspects of the times, including freedom of expression and limits, the emergence of liberalism and the conflict of conservatism in the 1990s. He was dismissed from school in 1995 when the Supreme Court confirmed that he was sentenced to two years in prison and suspended execution. \nHe returned to Yonsei University after receiving a special pardon in 1998, but after being disqualified in 2000, he changed his job. He returned to work in 2003 and retired in August 2016. However, he reportedly suffered from depression after a series of incidents. \nIn 2011, the author published a novel titled \" A Letter of Crazy Words \" and \" Youth of Beautiful Youth. \"", "Q125426": "Jeanette Hain (born 18 February 1969, Munich) is a German film actress. She appeared in more than 90 film and television productions since 1990. Hein is perhaps best-known to international audiences as Ralph Fiennes' girlfriend in the Academy Award-winning film The Reader (2008).", "Q936230": "Johan Daniel Berlin (born 12 May 1714, Memel, Prussia \u2013 4 November 1787, Trondheim, Norway) was a German-born Norwegian rococo composer and organist, remembered as one of the founders of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters.", "Q300622": "A World Without Thieves (simplified Chinese: \u5929\u4e0b\u65e0\u8d3c; traditional Chinese: \u5929\u4e0b\u7121\u8cca; pinyin: Ti\u0101nxi\u00e0 W\u00fa Z\u00e9i) is a 2004 Chinese action drama film directed by Feng Xiaogang and starring Andy Lau, Rene Liu, Ge You, Wang Baoqiang and Li Bingbing. The film is an adaptation of a novelette of the same title by Zhao Benfu that was first published in 1999. The original story is moderately different from the film adaptation. The film was first released in Shanghai, China on 5 December 2004. It clinched the 2005 Golden Horse Award for Best Screenplay Adaptation.\nThe film was released in Hong Kong with Cantonese dubbing provided by Lau for his own role, Anthony Wong for the role of Uncle Li, and Chapman To for the role of Sha Gen.\nThe plot is centered on a na\u00efve village boy who does not believe in the existence of thieves. Returning home on board a train with his savings, he soon becomes the target of many thieves. The film explores the theme of the fundamental human goodness and also addresses humorously the issue of rampant thievery on public transport in Mainland China.", "Q638638": "Isaak Osipovich Dunayevsky (Russian: \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0430\u043a \u041e\u0441\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; also transliterated as Dunaevski or Dunaevsky; 30 January [O.S. 18 January] 1900 \u2013 25 July 1955) was a Soviet film composer and conductor of the 1930s and 1940s, who achieved huge success in music for operetta and film comedies, frequently working with the film director Grigori Aleksandrov. He is considered one of the greatest Soviet composers of all time. Many of his songs are very well known and held in high regard in Russia and the former Soviet Union.", "Q204336": "Bulle Ogier (born Marie-France Thielland; 9 August 1939) is a French actress and screenwriter. She adopted the professional surname Ogier, which was her mother's maiden name. Her first appearance on screen was in Voil\u00e0 l'Ordre, a short film directed by Jacques Baratier with a number of the then-emerging young singers of the 1960s in France, including Boris Vian, Claude Nougaro, etc.She worked with Jacques Rivette (L'amour fou, C\u00e9line et Julie vont en bateau, Duelle, Le Pont du Nord, La Bande des Quatre), Luis Bu\u00f1uel (Le charme discret de la bourgeoisie\u2014The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie), Alain Tanner (La Salamandre), Ren\u00e9 Allio, Claude Lelouch, Jean-Paul Civeyrac (All the Fine Promises Prix Jean Vigo), Marguerite Duras, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Barbet Schroeder, and others.", "Q330939": "Fouad el-Mohandes (or Fuad el-Mohandess; Arabic: \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u200e; September 6, 1924 \u2013 September 16, 2006) was an Egyptian stage and screen actor and star from the 1950s on to the early 2000s, specializing mostly in comedy roles in dozens of theater, cinema, and TV hits spanning five decades.", "Q212554": "Miguel Illescas C\u00f3rdoba (born December 3, 1965 in Barcelona) is a Spanish chess grandmaster.", "Q418544": "Akinfiy Nikitich Demidov (Russian: \u0410\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432) (1678 \u2013 5 August 1745) was a Russian industrialist of the Demidov family.", "Q205028": "Iron Man 2 is a 2010 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures, it is the sequel to Iron Man (2008) and the third film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Directed by Jon Favreau and written by Justin Theroux, the film stars Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man alongside Gwyneth Paltrow, Don Cheadle, Scarlett Johansson, Sam Rockwell, Mickey Rourke, and Samuel L. Jackson. Six months after Iron Man, Tony Stark resists calls from the United States government to hand over the Iron Man technology, which is causing his declining health. Meanwhile, Russian scientist Ivan Vanko uses his own version of the technology to pursue a vendetta against the Stark family.\nFollowing the critical and commercial success of Iron Man in May 2008, Marvel Studios announced and immediately set to work on producing a sequel. In July, Theroux was hired to write the script and Favreau was signed to return as director. Downey, Paltrow, and Jackson were set to reprise their roles from Iron Man, while Cheadle was brought in to replace Terrence Howard in the role of James Rhodes. In the early months of 2009, Rourke (Vanko), Rockwell, and Johansson filled out the supporting cast. Filming took place from April to July of 2009, mostly in California like the first film except for a key sequence in Monaco. Unlike its predecessor, which mixed digital and practical effects, the sequel primarily relied on computer-generated imagery to create the Iron Man suits.\nIron Man 2 premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on April 26, 2010, and was released in the United States on May 7, as part of Phase One of the MCU. The film received generally positive reviews for Downey's performance as well as the action sequences, musical score, and visual effects, but many critics deemed it to be inferior to the first film and criticized the villain and pacing. The sequel grossed over $623.9 million at the worldwide box office, making it the seventh-highest-grossing film of 2010. It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects. A third installment of the series, Iron Man 3, was released on May 3, 2013.", "Q138311": "Elizabeth is both the largest city and the county seat of Union County, in New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 124,969, retaining its ranking as New Jersey's fourth most populous city, behind Paterson. The population increased by 4,401 (3.7%) from the 120,568 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 10,566 (+9.6%) from the 110,002 counted in the 1990 Census. For 2018, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 128,885, an increase of 3.1% from the 2010 enumeration, ranking the city the 215th-most-populous in the nation.In 2008, Elizabeth was named one of \"America's 50 Greenest Cities\" by Popular Science magazine, the only city in New Jersey selected.", "Q1860273": "Monir Fakhry Abdel Nour (Arabic: \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u200e, Coptic: \u2c99\u2c9f\u2ca9\u2c9b\u2c93\u2ca3 \u2cab\u2c89\u03e7\u2ca3\u2c93 \u2c81\u2c83\u2c87\u2c89\u2c97\u2c9b\u2c9f\u2ca9\u2ca3) born 21 August 1945) is an Egyptian businessman and politician.", "Q128664": "Sir Henri Charles Wilfrid Laurier ( LORR-ee-ay; French: [wilf\u0281id lo\u0281je]; 20 November 1841 \u2013 17 February 1919) was a Canadian politician and statesman who served as the seventh prime minister of Canada, in office from 11 July 1896 to 6 October 1911.\nLaurier is often considered one of the country's greatest statesmen. He is well-known for his policies of conciliation, expanding Confederation, and compromise between French and English Canada. His vision for Canada was a land of individual liberty and decentralized federalism. He also argued for an English\u2013French partnership in Canada. \"I have had before me as a pillar of fire,\" he said, \"a policy of true Canadianism, of moderation, of reconciliation.\" He passionately defended individual liberty, \"Canada is free and freedom is its nationality,\" and \"Nothing will prevent me from continuing my task of preserving at all cost our civil liberty.\" Laurier was also well-regarded for his efforts to establish Canada as an autonomous country within the British Empire, and he supported the continuation of the Empire if it was based on \"absolute liberty political and commercial\". In addition, he was a strict nationalist, argued for a more competitive Canada through limited government, and was an adherent of fiscal discipline. A 2011 Maclean's historical ranking of the Prime Ministers placed Laurier first.Canada's first francophone prime minister, Laurier holds a number of records. He is tied with Sir John A. Macdonald for the most consecutive federal elections won (four), and his 15-year tenure remains the longest unbroken term of office among prime ministers. In addition, his nearly 45 years (1874\u20131919) of service in the House of Commons is a record for that house. At 31 years, 8 months, Laurier was the longest-serving leader of a major Canadian political party, surpassing William Lyon Mackenzie King by over two years. Along with King, he also holds the distinction of serving as Prime Minister during the reigns of three Canadian Monarchs. Finally, he is the fourth-longest serving Prime Minister of Canada, behind King, Macdonald, and Pierre Trudeau. Laurier's portrait has been displayed on the Canadian five-dollar bill since 1972.", "Q107687": "Alfred Dick (6 December 1927 - 7 March 2005) was a German politician and school teacher, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. Between 1962 and 1994 he was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria. He served as Bavarian State Minister for the Environment (1977-1990).", "Q54231": "Fairfield County is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Connecticut. As of the 2010 census, the county's population was 916,829, estimated to have increased by 3.6% to 949,921 in 2017, and decreased to 943,332 in 2019. The most populous county in the state, the county population represents a little over 25% of Connecticut's overall population and is one of its fastest-growing counties. The closest to the center of the New York megacity, the county contains four of the state's largest cities\u2013Bridgeport (1st), Stamford (3rd), Norwalk (6th), and Danbury (7th)\u2013whose combined population of 433,368 is nearly half the county's total population.\nThe United States Office of Management and Budget has designated Fairfield County as the Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury metropolitan statistical area. The United States Census Bureau ranked the metropolitan area as the 57th most populous metropolitan statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget has further designated the metropolitan statistical area as a component of the more extensive New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area, the most populous combined statistical area and primary statistical area of the United States.As is the case with all eight of Connecticut's counties, there is no county government and no county seat. As an area, it is only a geographical point of reference. In Connecticut, the cities and towns are responsible for all local governmental activities including fire and rescue, schools, and snow removal; in a few cases, neighboring towns will share certain resources.\nFairfield County's Gold Coast helped rank it sixth in the US in per-capita personal income by the Bureau of Economic Analysis in 2005, contributing substantially to Connecticut being one of the most affluent states in the US. Other communities are more densely populated and economically diverse than the affluent areas for which the county is better known.", "Q24273186": "Coridel Entertainment is a South Korean entertainment company established in 2015 by Tyler Kwon.", "Q1173317": "David Anthony Pirner (born April 16, 1964) is an American songwriter, singer, and producer best known as the lead vocalist and frontman for the alternative rock band Soul Asylum.", "Q930127": "George Augustus Polgreen Bridgetower (11 October 1778 \u2013 29 February 1860) was an Afro-European musician, born in 1778 in Bielsko-Bia\u0142a, Poland, where his father worked for Hieronim Wincenty Radziwi\u0142\u0142. He was baptised Hieronimo Hyppolito de Augusto on 11 October 1778. He grew to be a virtuoso violinist, living in England for much of his life.", "Q171711": "Star Trek Into Darkness is a 2013 American science fiction action film directed by J. J. Abrams and written by Roberto Orci, Alex Kurtzman, and Damon Lindelof. It is the twelfth installment in the Star Trek film franchise and the sequel to the 2009 film Star Trek, as the second in a rebooted film series. The film features Chris Pine reprising his role as Captain James T. Kirk, with Zachary Quinto, Simon Pegg, Karl Urban, Zoe Saldana, John Cho, Anton Yelchin, Bruce Greenwood, and Leonard Nimoy reprising their roles from the previous film. Benedict Cumberbatch, Alice Eve and Peter Weller are also credited in the film's principal cast. It was the last time Nimoy would portray the character of Spock before his death in 2015. Set in the 23rd century, Kirk and the crew of USS Enterprise are sent to the Klingon homeworld seeking former Starfleet member-turned terrorist John Harrison.\nAfter the release of Star Trek, Abrams, Burk, Lindelof, Kurtzman, and Orci agreed to produce its sequel. Filming began in January 2012. Into Darkness's visual effects were primarily created by Industrial Light & Magic. The film was converted to 3D during its post-production stage. Star Trek Into Darkness premiered at Event Cinemas in Sydney, Australia, on April 23, 2013, and was released on May 9 in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Europe, and Peru, with other countries following. \nThe film was released on May 17 in the United States and Canada, opening at IMAX cinemas a day earlier. Into Darkness was a financial success and received positive reviews from critics. Its gross earnings of over $467 million worldwide have made it the highest-grossing entry in the Star Trek franchise. At the 86th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for Best Visual Effects. It was followed by Star Trek Beyond in 2016.", "Q138477": "Larisa Efimovna Shepitko (Russian: \u041b\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u0430 \u0415\u0444\u0438\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0428\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0301\u0442\u044c\u043a\u043e; Ukrainian: \u041b\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u042e\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0428\u0435\u043f\u0456\u0442\u044c\u043a\u043e; 6 January 1938 \u2013 2 July 1979) was a Soviet film director, screenwriter and actress.", "Q401773": "Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu, (Born December 1869) also known as Ahmet Bey A\u011fayev (Azerbaijani: \u018fhm\u0259d b\u0259y A\u011fayev; December 1869 \u2013 19 May 1939), was a prominent Azerbaijani and naturalized Turkish politician, publicist and journalist. He was one of the founders of Pan-Turkism.", "Q2963558": "Chikuhei Nakajima (\u4e2d\u5cf6 \u77e5\u4e45\u5e73, Nakajima Chikuhei, January 1, 1884 \u2013 October 29, 1949), was a Japanese naval officer, engineer, and politician, who is most notable for having founded Nakajima Aircraft Company in 1917, a major supplier of airplanes in the Empire of Japan. He also served as a cabinet minister.\n\n", "Q656687": "Michael Simon (born August 29, 1972) is a German DJ and musician from Hamburg, and a member of the band Scooter.", "Q234593": "Decimus or Decimius Magnus Ausonius (; c.\u2009310 \u2013 c. 395) was a Roman poet and teacher of rhetoric from Burdigala in Aquitaine, modern Bordeaux, France. For a time he was tutor to the future emperor Gratian, who afterwards bestowed the consulship on him. His best-known poems are Mosella, a description of the river Moselle, and Ephemeris, an account of a typical day in his life. His many other verses show his concern for his family, friends, teachers, and circle of well-to-do acquaintances and his delight in the technical handling of meter.", "Q359031": "Robert C. Schnitzer (September 8, 1906 in New York City, New York \u2013 January 2, 2008 in Stamford, Connecticut) was an American actor, producer, educator, and theater administrator. Schnitzer, a former Weston, Connecticut resident, was active in the Westport-Weston Arts Council and later the Westport Arts Center. He was also a longtime member of the board of directors of the Players Club.\nBorn in New York City, he attended Horace Mann School and Columbia College, later served on the faculties of Vassar, Smith, Columbia, and the University of Michigan, where he chaired the theater department. Schnitzer and his wife, actress Marcella Cisney, organized seminars and operated play readings during the 1980s. Cisney, who appeared in a number of films, including Hard, Fast and Beautiful, died in 1989.While a young actor in New York City, Schnitzer appeared in or helped manage The Brothers Karamazov, Hamlet, An Enemy of the People, Richelieu, Henry V, Richard III, Caponsacchi, Macbeth, and Cyrano de Bergerac. From 1936 to 1939, Schnitzer was Delaware's State Director and Deputy Director of the WPA's Federal Theatre Project. In 1960, Mr. Schnitzer became the general manager for the American Repertory Company, set up by the Theatre Guild at the request of the U.S. Government to export the best in American theater. He arranged for three plays - The Skin of Our Teeth, The Miracle Worker, and The Glass Menagerie - to tour 28 countries in Europe and South America in 1961. The company included the famous actress Helen Hayes. During the 1970s he was head of the University of Michigan's Professional Theatre Program.", "Q310357": "Artis Leon Ivey Jr. (born August 1, 1963), known by his stage name Coolio, is an American rapper, actor, chef, and record producer. Coolio achieved mainstream success in the mid-to-late 1990s with his albums It Takes a Thief (1994), Gangsta's Paradise (1995), and My Soul (1997). He is best known for his 1995 Grammy Award-winning hit single \"Gangsta's Paradise\", as well as other singles \"Fantastic Voyage\" (1994), \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" (1996) and \"C U When U Get There\" (1997).\nHe was also known for rapping the theme song (\"Aw, Here It Goes!\") for the mid-to-late 1990s Nickelodeon series Kenan & Kel. Coolio has since gone on to release albums independently and has also become a chef, creating a web series titled Cookin' with Coolio and releasing a cookbook. Ivey originally rose to fame as a member of the Gangsta rap group WC and the Maad Circle alongside WC and his brother, Crazy Toones.", "Q9777": "Venlo (Dutch: [\u02c8v\u025bnlo\u02d0] (listen)) is a city and municipality in the southeastern Netherlands, within a couple of miles of the German border. It is situated in the province of Limburg. The municipality of Venlo counted 101,578 inhabitants as of January 2019.", "Q105090": "Christian Enzensberger (24 December 1931 \u2013 27 January 2009) was a German Professor of English studies, author and a translator of English literature into German language.", "Q71099": "Albrecht Konrad Reinhold Finck von Finckenstein (30 October 1660 \u2013 16 December 1735) was a Prussian nobleman, Field Marshal and statesman.\nFinck von Finckenstein came from ancient Prussian nobility or according to the Imperial Count Diploma originally from Carinthia and was the son of a Prussian chamberlain.\nHe was born in Saberau, East Prussia and became a Prussian Field Marshal and tutor to two Prussian crown princes, Governor of Pillau, general of a regiment, knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, Knight of the Order of St John, Captain to Krossen, as well as Master of the Finckenstein estate.\nHe went into Dutch, then French war service, but resigned from French service when Louis XIV mobilized against Germany and destroyed Heidelberg and the Heidelberg Castle in 1689. He acquired a position as a Prussian Major in 1689 through \"prudence and moderation, as well as exceptional conduct\". He was Lord Chamberlain for two crown princes, became in 1710 Imperial Count (Reichsgraf) of the Holy Roman Empire and Count (Graf) in Prussia after the Battle of Malplaquet in which he successfully led the Prussian forces under Prince Eugene. His military career culminated in 1733 when he was made Prussian Field Marshal.\nIn the years 1716 to 1720, Finck von Finckenstein had Finckenstein Palace built after the design of John von Collas.", "Q92302": "Richard Wendler (22 January 1898, Oberndorf bei Salzburg \u2013 24 August 1972, Prien am Chiemsee) was a high-ranking Nazi official during World War II. During the occupation of Poland, he was the Governor of new District Lublin in the General Government, in charge of Lublin concentration camp and the creation of the Cz\u0119stochowa Ghetto, among others. Before his deployment to Poland, he was the mayor of the city Hof between 1933 and 1941 and became an SS-Gruppenf\u00fchrer in 1942 during the murderous Operation Reinhard. Wendler was Reichsf\u00fchrer-SS Heinrich Himmler's brother-in-law; his sister was married to a brother of Himmler.\n\n", "Q221820": "Moneyball is a 2011 American biographical sports drama film directed by Bennett Miller and written by Steven Zaillian and Aaron Sorkin. The film is based on Michael Lewis's 2003 nonfiction book of the same name, an account of the Oakland Athletics baseball team's 2002 season and their general manager Billy Beane's attempts to assemble a competitive team.\nIn the film, Beane (Brad Pitt) and assistant GM Peter Brand (Jonah Hill), faced with the franchise's limited budget for players, build a team of undervalued talent by taking a sophisticated sabermetric approach to scouting and analyzing players. Columbia Pictures bought the rights to Lewis's book in 2004.Moneyball premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival and was released on September 23, 2011, to box office success and critical acclaim. The film was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Actor for Pitt and Best Supporting Actor for Hill.", "Q78903": "Josef Popper-Lynkeus (21 February 1838 \u2013 22 December 1921) was an Austrian scholar, writer, and inventor. Josef Popper was born in the Jewish quarter in Kolin, Austrian Bohemia (now Kol\u00edn, Czech Republic). He was the uncle of Austrian-British philosopher Karl Popper.", "Q442886": "Ian Halperin (born August 17, 1964 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian investigative journalist, writer and documentary filmmaker. His 2009 book, Unmasked: The Final Years of Michael Jackson was a #1 best-seller on the New York Times list on July 24, 2009. He is the author or coauthor of nine books including Celine Dion: Behind the Fairytale, Fire and Rain: The James Taylor Story and Hollywood Undercover. He coauthored Who Killed Kurt Cobain? and Love and Death: The Murder of Kurt Cobain with Max Wallace. Halperin has contributed to 60 Minutes II and was a regular correspondent for Court TV. He is a graduate of Concordia University in Montreal (BA 07).", "Q557247": "Slapp Happy was a German/English avant-pop group, formed in Germany in 1972. Their lineup consisted of Anthony Moore (keyboards), Peter Blegvad (guitar) and Dagmar Krause (vocals). The band members moved to England in 1974 where they merged with Henry Cow, but the merger ended soon afterwards and Slapp Happy split up. Slapp Happy's sound was characterised by Dagmar Krause's unique vocal style. From 1982 there have been brief reunions to create an opera called Camera, record the album \u00c7a Va in 1998, and perform shows around the world.", "Q282147": "Rahim Bakhsh (Persian: \u0631\u062d\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634\u200e), commonly known as was an ustad (maestro) of Hindustani classical music and classical music culture from Afghanistan. He is also well renowned and popular in a few neighboring countries. He was born in Kharabat into a well-known Tajik family, a traditional part city of art in Kabul and was the creator of a new classical music in Afghanistan. With his work he represented the more than 4500 years old Tajik culture of Central Asia.\nHe was counted as leading authorities of classical music in Afghanistan. Like virtually all classical vocalists of Afghanistan, he belonged to the Patiala Gharana (gharana meaning a school or style of music) of Hindustani classical music. The Ustad (pers.: master) died in 2002. His last wish was to have his grave beside his teacher Ustad Qasim. Ustad Rahim Bakhsh's grave is situated in Kabul on a place called Showda where every Friday night Sufis are praying.", "Q240212": "Philippa Gregory (born 9 January 1954) is an English historical novelist who has been publishing since 1987. The best known of her works is The Other Boleyn Girl (2001), which in 2002 won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award from the Romantic Novelists' Association and has been adapted into two separate films.\nAudioFile magazine has called Gregory \"the queen of British historical fiction\".", "Q70387": "Visperterminen (Walser German: T\u00e4rbinu) is a municipality in the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.", "Q6655138": "Live Forever: The Rise and Fall of Brit Pop is a 2003 documentary film written and directed by John Dower. The documentary is a study of popular culture in the United Kingdom during the mid-to-late 1990s. The focus of the piece is the main movement in British popular music during that time, which came under strong media attention and was dubbed Britpop.The political landscape of the time also features. Much is made of Tony Blair and New Labour's efforts to align themselves with the distinctly British cultural resurgence that was underway. The documentary features a number of prominent UK musical and artistic figures, but relies heavily on contributions from Noel and Liam Gallagher of Oasis, Damon Albarn of Blur, and Jarvis Cocker of Pulp. Other contributors include 3D from Massive Attack, Louise Wener from Sleeper, the fashion designer Ozwald Boateng, and the contemporary artist Damien Hirst.", "Q48618": "Arjan Bajwa (born 3 September 1979) is an Indian film actor known for his work in Hindi and Telugu cinema. He started his career with Telugu films. He made a breakthrough in Bollywood with the critically acclaimed 2007 film Guru after debuting in the 2004 Hindi film Woh Tera Naam Tha. He played the male lead in 2008 film Fashion for which he received the Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance.", "Q16002": "Johan Maria Gerardus Vandeurzen (born 2 June 1958) is a Belgian politician, member of Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams (CD&V), a centrist Flemish Christian Democratic party.\nVandeurzen holds a Master of Laws degree from the Catholic University of Leuven. He works at Geyskens-Vandeurzen in Beringen.He became federal representative in January 1993 as a successor to retiring Luc Dhoore.\nIn 2001, his party, the CVP, rebranded into CD&V, of which he became secretary-general. In 2004 he became party leader.\nHe remained party leader until December 2007, when he became Minister of Justice in the interim federal Verhofstadt III Government. He became the Belgian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Justice and Institutional Reforms in the Leterme I Government, which took office on 20 March 2008. On 19 December 2008 he resigned after a crisis.After the 2009 Flemish regional election, CD&V was the largest party and he received 69,223 preference votes. When the 2009\u20132014 Peeters II Government took office, he became the Flemish Minister for Welfare, Public Health and Family. He continues to hold this office in the 2014\u20132019 Bourgeois Government.", "Q236384": "Alice Miller, born as Alicija Englard (12 January 1923 \u2013 14 April 2010), was a Polish-Swiss psychologist, psychoanalyst and philosopher of Jewish origin, who is noted for her books on parental child abuse, translated into several languages. She was also a noted public intellectual.\nHer book The Drama of the Gifted Child caused a sensation and became an international bestseller upon the English publication in 1981. Her views on the consequences of child abuse became highly influential. In her books she departed from psychoanalysis, charging it with being similar to the poisonous pedagogies.", "Q67610": "Heinz G\u00fcnther Guderian (23 August 1914 \u2013 25 September 2004) was a German officer in the Wehrmacht and later a major general and Inspector of Panzer Troops in the West German Bundeswehr and NATO. He was the son of World War II General Heinz Guderian.\nBorn in Goslar in what was then the Prussian Province of Hanover, Heinz G\u00fcnther Guderian entered the German Army as an officer cadet on 1 April 1933. He was promoted to second lieutenant in 1935 and served as a Zugf\u00fchrer (platoon leader), battalion and regimental adjutant and company commander in Panzer Regiments 1 and 35. He saw combat during the invasion of Poland and was wounded twice during the Battle of France in 1940. He graduated from the General Staff College in 1942 and served as a staff officer in various armored units until being assigned as the Operations Officer for the 116th Panzerdivision (\"The Greyhounds\") in May 1942, a position he held until the end of the War.\nHe was captured at the conclusion of World War II and held as a prisoner of war until 1947. After the creation of the Bundeswehr, Guderian returned to the army and was given command of Panzerbattalion 3 (later 174) and, later, Panzerbrigade 14. He also served in a variety of staff assignments, culminating in service as Inspector of Panzer Troops \u2014 the same job his father held during World War II \u2014 for the Bundeswehr. He retired in 1974.", "Q200805": "Aguascalientes (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02cca\u0263waska\u02c8ljentes] (listen)) is the capital of the state of Aguascalientes and is its most populous city, with a metropolitan population of 1,000,000. It is located in North-Central Mexico. It is part of the macroregion of Baj\u00edo, which is among the safest and most prosperous regions in Mexico. It was part of the kingdom of Nueva Galicia. In 1835 Aguascalientes became the capital of the Free and Sovereign State of Aguascalientes. Aguascalientes has been called the cleanest city in Latin America. Aguascalientes is experiencing an ongoing social, economic, and aesthetic revitalization process. Aguascalientes has a population which includes Japanese, Koreans, and Germans.\nIt stands on the banks of the Aguascalientes river, 1880 meters above sea level, at 21\u00b051\u2032N 102\u00b018\u2032W. It is the municipal seat for the Aguascalientes Municipality. The Aguascalientes metropolitan area includes the municipality of Jes\u00fas Mar\u00eda and San Francisco de los Romo. It was a Chichimeca Indian territory. It later blossomed as a strategic link between Mexico City and the mines of Zacatecas, while prosperous agriculture and ranching helped feed Spain's emerging New World cities.OECD has recognized Aguascalientes as having a good business climate. It is a strong business and economic center in the Baj\u00edo region. Its strategic location and infrastructure have made it a regional hub and a location for international headquarters. Also home to two of Nissan's largest and most important manufacturing plants in Latin America. Other important companies located in Aguascalientes include Jatco, Coca-Cola, Flextronics, Texas Instruments, Donaldson, and Calsonic Kansei.\nBecause of its services and hotel industry, Aguascalientes is one of the most important centers in Mexico for entertainment, gastronomy, leisure activities, arts and recreation.", "Q373141": "Oliver Twist is a 1933 American pre-Code film directed by William J. Cowen. It is the earliest sound version of Charles Dickens's novel of the same name. It stars Dickie Moore as Oliver, Irving Pichel as Fagin, Doris Lloyd as Nancy, and William \"Stage\" Boyd as Bill Sikes. Pichel played Fagin without resorting to any mannerisms which could be construed as offensive.Released by Monogram Pictures, the film was made on an extremely low budget. It never really achieved much success and was out of circulation for many years, but resurfaced on television in the 1980s.", "Q77403": "Carl Peters (27 September 1856 \u2013 10 September 1918), was a German colonial ruler, explorer, politician and author and a major promoter of the establishment of the German colony of East Africa (part of the modern republic Tanzania). A proponent of Social Darwinism and the V\u00f6lkisch philosophy, his attitude towards the indigenous population made him one of the most controversial colonizers even during his lifetime.", "Q123902": "Ruth Dreifuss (born 9 January 1940 in St. Gallen) is a Swiss politician affiliated with the Social Democratic Party. She was a member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1993 to 2002, representing the Canton of Geneva. \nShe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 10 March 1993 as the 100th member elected since the foundation of the federal state, the second woman to be elected to the council, and the only councillor with a Jewish background so far.\nShe was the President of the Confederation in 1999, the first woman to hold this position.", "Q1803065": "Adam Holzman (born 1960 in New York City) is a classical guitarist. He is Professor of Guitar at the University of Texas at Austin and is the Parker C. Fielder Regents Professor in Music. Formerly he was Associate Professor at the University of South Florida in Tampa. In 1989 he joined the faculty and the University of Texas where he founded its classical guitar studio. In 1990 he founded the Austin Guitar Society. In 2017, he founded The Brevard Music Center Summer Festival Guitar Program.Holzman held the title of \"Maestro Extraordinario\" given by the Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico, where he served as artist-in-residence until 1992.\nHis teachers include Albert Blain, Bruce Holzman, Eliot Fisk, and Oscar Ghiglia. He was chosen twice as a student in the US master classes of Andr\u00e9s Segovia. He has numerous CD releases on Naxos Records and HRH Records.", "Q708704": "D\u00e9nes Mih\u00e1ly (7 July 1894, G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151 \u2013 29 August 1953, West-Berlin) was a Hungarian inventor, engineer.\nMih\u00e1ly graduated as a mechanical engineer at the Technical University in Budapest. During his high school studies \u2013 at the age of 16 \u2013 he published books on automobiles and motorcycles. After university he began experimenting with television technology at the Telephone factory. His first conception of a television construction in 1919 was called the \"Telehor\", which was capable of transmitting still pictures over a distance of many kilometers. From 1924 he continued his experiments at the Allgemeine Elektrizit\u00e4ts-Gesellschaft in Berlin with still pictures, later transferring the results to motion pictures. He established a company called \"TELEHOR AG\" to manufacture television sets.\nIn 1935 the Mih\u00e1ly\u2013Traub television set appeared on the market, which he jointly developed with the physicist E. H. Traub. One of D\u00e9nes Mih\u00e1ly's most significant inventions was the \"Projectophon\", patented in 1922, which received recognition in the field of sound picture. During the course of his life he created many more important inventions in the field of television.\n\n", "Q309835": "Timothy David Olyphant ( OL-ih-f\u0259nt; born May 20, 1968) is an American actor and producer. He made his acting debut in an Off-Broadway theater in 1995, in The Monogamist, and won the Theatre World Award for his performance, and then originated David Sedaris' The Santaland Diaries in 1996. He then branched out to film; in the early years of his career, he was often cast in supporting villainous roles, most notably in Scream 2 (1997), Go (1999), A Man Apart (2003) and The Girl Next Door (2004). He came to the attention of a wider audience with his portrayal of Sheriff Seth Bullock in HBO's western Deadwood (2004\u20132006) and its film continuation Deadwood: The Movie (2019). He had starring roles in such films as Catch and Release (2006), Hitman (2007), A Perfect Getaway (2009), and The Crazies (2010), and he played the main antagonist, Thomas Gabriel, in Live Free or Die Hard (2007). Olyphant was a recurring guest star in season two of the FX legal thriller Damages (2009). \nOlyphant's best-known performance to date has been as Deputy U.S. Marshal Raylan Givens in FX's modern-day Kentucky southern gothic Justified (2010\u20132015), for which he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2011. Olyphant had guest appearances in numerous television sitcoms including The Office (2010), The Mindy Project (2013), and The Grinder (2015\u20132016), for which he won a Critics' Choice Award. He also starred in the Netflix comedy series Santa Clarita Diet (2017\u20132019) and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood as James Stacy (2019). He also played himself in a brief cameo, whilst simultaneously parodying his Justified character, in the NBC award-winning show The Good Place (2020).", "Q65007": "K\u00fcttigen is a municipality in the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q129591": "Hugh Michael Jackman (born 12 October 1968) is an Australian\u2013British actor, singer, and producer. He is best known for playing Wolverine in the X-Men film series from 2000 to 2018, a role for which he holds the Guinness World Record for \"longest career as a live-action Marvel superhero\". Jackman is also recognised for his lead roles in films such as the romantic comedy Kate & Leopold (2001), the action film Van Helsing (2004), the drama The Prestige (2006), the fantasy drama The Fountain (2006), the period romance Australia (2008), the film version of Les Mis\u00e9rables (2012), the thriller Prisoners (2013), and the musical The Greatest Showman (2017), for which he received a Grammy Award for Best Soundtrack Album. For playing Jean Valjean in Les Mis\u00e9rables, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.\nIn Broadway theatre, Jackman won the 2004 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical for his role in The Boy from Oz. A four-time host of the Tony Awards, he won an Emmy Award for hosting the 2005 ceremony. He also hosted the 81st Academy Awards in 2009. Jackman was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia in the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours for services to performing arts and to the global community.", "Q447915": "Jocelyn Lorette Brown (born November 25, 1950), sometimes credited as Jocelyn Shaw, is an American R&B and dance singer. Although she has only one Billboard Hot 100 chart entry in her name, she has an extensive background in the music industry and is well known in the world of dance music. Brown sang on 23 hit singles from the Official UK Singles Chart, 8 of which have reached the Top 20.", "Q318938": "Charles Aaron \"Bubba\" Smith (February 28, 1945 \u2013 August 3, 2011) was an American professional football player, who starred as a defensive end in both college and the NFL before becoming an actor following his retirement from the sport. \nSmith first came into prominence at Michigan State University, where he twice earned All-American honors on the Spartans football team. He had a major role in a 10\u201310 tie with Notre Dame in 1966 that was billed as \"The Game of the Century.\" He is one of only six players to have his jersey number retired by the program. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1988.The first selection of the 1967 NFL Draft, Smith played nine years in the National Football League (NFL) with the Baltimore Colts (1967\u20131971), Oakland Raiders (1973\u20131974), and Houston Oilers (1975\u20131976). He was the Colts' starting left defensive end for five seasons, playing in Super Bowls III and V. He was named to two Pro Bowls and was a First-Team All-Pro in 1971. He had tremendous quickness despite being 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 meters) tall and weighing 265 pounds, (120.20 kilograms), a combination which usually earned him a double-team.During his acting career, Smith specialized in comedic roles in film, television, and television advertising. For about a decade following his retirement from football, he appeared in various commercials for Miller Lite. His best-known role was as Moses Hightower in the first six Police Academy movies.Smith was posthumously diagnosed with CTE, a neurological condition generally related to concussion and sub-concussive head trauma.", "Q97291": "Kenneth Spencer (25 April 1911 \u2013 25 February 1964), was an American operatic singer and actor. Spencer starred in a few Broadway musicals and musical films in the United States during the 1940s. Frustrated with the racial prejudice he experienced in the United States as a black man, Spencer moved to West Germany in 1950 where he had a successful singing career. He also appeared in a number of German films. His career was cut short when he died in the crash of Eastern Air Lines Flight 304.", "Q572004": "Austin Campbell Pendleton (born March 27, 1940) is an American actor, playwright, theatre director and instructor.", "Q232109": "Mary Astor (born Lucile Vasconcellos Langhanke; May 3, 1906 \u2013 September 25, 1987) was an American actress. She may be best remembered for her performance as Brigid O'Shaughnessy in The Maltese Falcon (1941). She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal of concert pianist Sandra Kovak in The Great Lie (1941).\nAstor began her long motion picture career as a teenager in the silent movies of the early 1920s. When talkies arrived, her voice was initially considered too masculine and she was off the screen for a year. After she appeared in a play with friend Florence Eldridge, the film offers came in, and she was able to resume her career in talking pictures.\nIn 1936, her career was nearly destroyed by scandal. Astor had an affair with playwright George S. Kaufman and was branded an adulterous wife by her ex-husband, in a custody fight over her daughter. Overcoming these stumbling blocks in her private life, Astor had greater success on screen, eventually winning an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in The Great Lie (1941).\nAstor was a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player through most of the 1940s and continued to work in film, television and on stage until her retirement in 1964. She authored five novels. Her autobiography was a bestseller, as was her later book, A Life on Film, which was about her career.\nDirector Lindsay Anderson wrote of Astor in 1990 that \"when two or three who love the cinema are gathered together, the name of Mary Astor always comes up, and everybody agrees that she was an actress of special attraction, whose qualities of depth and reality always seemed to illuminate the parts she played\".", "Q321161": "Andrzej Krzanowski (9 April 1951, in Czechowice-Dziedzice \u2013 1 October 1990, in Czechowice-Dziedzice) was a Polish composer of classical music, accordionist, and teacher.\nBetween 1971\u201375 Krzanowski studied with Henryk G\u00f3recki at the University of Music in Katowice.He was an author of small and big chamber music forms scored for unconventional instruments, often in combination with a human voice or tape music, most often with the participation of the accordion. He was inspired by contemporary literature and he liked to use a quotation (Johann Sebastian Bach, Karol Szymanowski, Henryk Miko\u0142aj G\u00f3recki). He was capable of creating an unusual climate with a considerable amount of expression ranging from spontaneous (Concerto for Orchestra) to lyrical and contemplative (Second Symphony, Third String Quartet).", "Q64319": "Alvaschein (Romansh: Alvaschagn) is a former municipality in the district of Albula in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Alvaschein, Mon, Stierva, Tiefencastel, Alvaneu, Brienz/Brinzauls and Surava merged to form the new municipality of Albula/Alvra.", "Q263420": "Carmella Danielle DeCesare Garcia (born July 1, 1982) is an American model who was Playboy magazine's Miss April 2003 and Playmate of the Year for 2004. She is of Italian and Puerto Rican descent. She is also known for her time in WWE as a WWE Diva search contestant. She was featured in the 2008 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue in the players' wives feature.\n\n", "Q438119": "The Alter Nordfriedhof (\"Old North Cemetery\") is a former cemetery located in the Arcisstrasse in Maxvorstadt, Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It is not to be confused with the Nordfriedhof in Munich, which was set up only a short time later in Schwabing. Construction began in 1866 to designs by the city architect Arnold Zenetti.", "Q15286": "The Wildstrubel (3,244 metres (10,643 ft)) is a mountain of the Alps, straddling the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It forms a large glaciated massif, about 15 km wide, extending between the Rawil Pass and the Gemmi Pass. Along with the Muverans, the Diablerets and the Wildhorn, the Wildstrubel is one the four distinct mountain massifs of the Bernese Alps that lie west of the Gemmi Pass. The massif of the Wildstrubel is at the centre between the valleys of Simmental (BE), Engstligental (BE) and the Rhone (VS), the exact location of the tripoint being the summit of the Schneehorn. It comprises several distinct summits, including (from west to east) the Wetzsteinhorn, the Rohrbachstein, the Weisshorn, the Pointe de la Plaine Morte, Mont Bonvin, the Trubelstock and the Schneehorn. The main crest with the almost equally high summits of the Mittelgipfel (3,243.5 m) and the Grossstrubel (3,243 m) forms an amphitheatre oriented eastward which ends at the Steghorn and the Daubenhorn. This area encloses the Wildstrubel Glacier. To the southwest, the Wildstrubel overlooks the high plateau of the Plaine Morte Glacier, which also includes an unnamed lake below the Schneehorn.\n\nThe Wildstrubel lies approximately halfway between Lenk (BE; 9 km), Sierre (VS; 12 km) and Adelboden (BE; 10 km), its summit being in the municipalities of Lenk and Leukerbad. The nearest settlement is the Oberried section of Lenk, at the head of the Simmental. Other notable towns and resorts around the massif are Crans-Montana, Aminona, Leukerbad and Inden. The highest place that can be reached without effort is the Pointe de la Plaine Morte station (2,882 m), which is connected to Cran-Montana and within 5 km from the summit.\nAs for the other mountains on the crest of the Bernese Alps, the slopes of the Wildstrubel experience different types of climate depending on their location: the northern slopes are cooler and wetter while the southern slopes are drier and warmer. Forests are found up to 1,900 metres on the north side and up to 2,100 metres on the south side. Glaciers also reach lower locations on the north side. Vineyards are also very common on the Valais side, especially below 1000 metres, but completely absent on the Bernese side, where alpine pastures dominate the landscape, as in many other areas of the Bernese Oberland.\nAlthough not a technical climb, the ascent of the Wildstrubel involves either long ascents or glacier crossings. The shortest access is from the Pointe de la Plaine Morte station, but before the 500 metre-scramble to the top, nearly all the Plaine Morte Glacier must be crossed. Another access is from the Gemmi Pass (aerial tramway from Leukerbad), via the L\u00e4mmeren Hut (SAC), from where the ascent is made on the slopes of the much more crevassed Wildstrubel Glacier. The only glacier-free path is from Lenk, but it is also the longest ascent as the end of the paved road lies at 1,105 metres, or 2,139 metres below the summit. The mountain has three summits, all of similar height and located on the cantonal border, although within the Rhine basin. These three summits, strung out along a 3.5-km ridge, make a convenient traverse.\n\nThe western summit (the Lenkerstrubel, named Wildstrubel on Swiss maps) (3,244 or 3,243.5 m)\nThe central summit (named Mittelgipfel on Swiss maps) (3,243.5 m)\nThe eastern summit (the Adelbodnerstrubel or Grossstrubel) (3,242.6 m)The third or fourth recorded ascent was by Leslie Stephen and Thomas W. Hinchliff with guide Melchior Anderegg on 11 September 1858.", "Q89911": "Rudolf Grossmann (1882\u20131942), known by his pseudonym Pierre Ramus, was an Austrian anarchist and pacifist.", "Q459295": "Ambrose Goddard Hesketh Pratt (31 August 1874 \u2013 13 April 1944) was an Australian writer born into a cultivated family in Forbes, New South Wales.", "Q108239": "Karl Willy Wagner (22 February 1883 \u2013 4 September 1953) was a German pioneer in the theory of electronic filters. He is noted by Hendrik Bode as being one of two Germans whose;\n. . . important contributions were slow to diffuse outside Germany because of the accidental intervention of World Wars I and II.\nThe other German being referred to is Wilhelm Cauer. Wagner was the second referee on Cauer's milestone 1926 thesis but Wagner fell out with Cauer in 1942 after he refused to support Wagner's research proposals with the German Society of Electrical Engineers (Verband der Elektrotechnik - the VDE).Wagner was removed from office in 1936 because he refused to dismiss his Jewish employees.", "Q327276": "Joe Paquette (May 5, 1963 \u2013 May 16, 2001), better known by his stage name Prince Ital Joe, was a Dominican\u2013American reggae recording artist best known for his collaborations with Marky Mark. Prince Ital Joe also did some acting, appearing in the Steven Seagal film, Marked for Death and in the TV series, EZ Streets and Players.", "Q460414": "Louise Penny (born 1958) is a Canadian author of mystery novels set in the Canadian province of Quebec centred on the work of francophone Chief Inspector Armand Gamache of the S\u00fbret\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec. Penny's first career was as a radio broadcaster for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). After she turned to writing, she won numerous awards for her work, including the Agatha Award for best mystery novel of the year five times, including four consecutive years (2007\u20132010), and the Anthony Award for best novel of the year five times, including four consecutive years (2010\u20132013). Her novels have been published in 23 languages.", "Q451811": "Robert Preston Meservey (June 8, 1918 \u2013 March 21, 1987) was an American stage and film actor and singer of Broadway and cinema, best known and remembered for his collaboration with composer Meredith Willson and originating the role of Professor Harold Hill in the 1957 musical The Music Man and the 1962 film adaptation; the film earned him his first of two Golden Globe Award nominations. Preston collaborated twice with filmmaker Blake Edwards, first in S.O.B. (1981) and again in Victor/Victoria (1982). For portraying Carroll \"Toddy\" Todd in the latter, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor at the 55th Academy Awards.", "Q1885214": "Frederick Anderson Goodwin, FRSE, FCIBS (born 17 August 1958) is a Scottish chartered accountant and former banker who was Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group (RBS) between 2001 and 2009.\nFrom 2000 to 2008, he presided over RBS's rapid rise to global prominence as the world's largest company by assets (\u00a31.9 trillion), and fifth-largest bank by stock market value and its even more rapid fall as RBS was forced into effective nationalisation in 2008. On 11 October 2008, Goodwin officially announced his resignation as chief executive and an early retirement, effective from 31 January 2009 \u2013 a month before RBS announced that its 2008 loss totalled \u00a324.1 billion, the largest annual loss in UK corporate history.From January 2010, he was employed as a senior adviser to RMJM, an international architecture firm. He left the position after less than a year.Goodwin was knighted in 2004 for his services to banking, but in a highly unusual move the honour was annulled by the Queen on 1 February 2012. The Cabinet Office explained \"The scale and severity of the impact of his actions as CEO of RBS made this an exceptional case.\"", "Q184565": "Charles Gates Dawes (August 27, 1865 \u2013 April 23, 1951) was an American banker, general, diplomat, composer, and Republican politician who was the 30th vice president of the United States from 1925 to 1929. For his work on the Dawes Plan for World War I reparations, he was a co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925.\nBorn in Marietta, Ohio, Dawes attended Cincinnati Law School before beginning a legal career in Lincoln, Nebraska. After serving as a gas plant executive, he managed William McKinley's 1896 presidential campaign in Illinois. After the election, McKinley appointed Dawes as the Comptroller of the Currency, and he remained in that position until 1901 before forming the Central Trust Company of Illinois. Dawes served as a general during World War I, holding the position of chairman of the general purchasing board for the American Expeditionary Forces. In 1921, President Warren G. Harding appointed Dawes as the first Director of the Bureau of the Budget. Dawes also served on the Allied Reparations Commission, where he helped formulate the Dawes Plan to aid the struggling German economy, though the plan was eventually replaced by the Young Plan.\nThe 1924 Republican National Convention nominated President Calvin Coolidge without opposition. After Frank Lowden declined the vice presidential nomination, the convention chose Dawes as Coolidge's running mate. The Republican ticket won the 1924 presidential election and Dawes was sworn in as vice president in 1925. Dawes helped pass the McNary\u2013Haugen Farm Relief Bill in Congress, but the bill was vetoed by President Coolidge. Dawes was a candidate for re-nomination at the 1928 Republican National Convention, but Coolidge's opposition to Dawes helped ensure that Charles Curtis was nominated for the vice presidency instead. In 1929, President Herbert Hoover appointed Dawes to be the Ambassador to the United Kingdom. Dawes also briefly led the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which organized a government response to the Great Depression. He resigned from that position in 1932 to return to banking, and he died in 1951 of coronary thrombosis.", "Q958502": "Felice Nazzaro (4 December 1881 \u2013 21 March 1940) was an Italian racecar driver, a native of Turin. He won the Kaiserpreis in 1907 as well as the French Grand Prix in 1907 and 1922 and Targa Florio in 1907, and 1913. His European wins in 1907 resulted in an invitation to compete in the 1908 American Grand Prize in Savannah, Georgia, where he finished third. He returned to the United States for the 1910 event but a damaged rear axle forced him out of the race. It was his victory in the 1908 Circuito di Bologna that inspired a young Enzo Ferrari to become a racing driver. He continued racing until 1929 at the age of 48, and Nazzaro died in Turin in 1940 after a long illness at the age of 58.", "Q893667": "Boris Grigoryevich Galerkin (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0451\u0440\u043a\u0438\u043d, surname more accurately romanized as Galyorkin; 4 March [O.S. 20 February] 1871 \u2013 12 July 1945), born in Polotsk, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire, was a Soviet mathematician and an engineer.", "Q71714": "Henry Winterfeld (born April 9, 1901, in Hamburg, Germany; died January 27, 1990, in Machias, Maine), published under the pseudonym Manfred Michael, was a German writer and artist famous for his children's and young adult novels. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1940 and lived there until his death.\nHenry Winterfeld was married to Elsie Winterfeld, who was a designer of toys and created a patented three-headed doll.\n\n", "Q250954": "Beloved is a 1998 American fantasy drama film directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Oprah Winfrey, Danny Glover, and Thandie Newton. Based on Toni Morrison's 1987 novel of the same name, the plot centers on a former slave after the American Civil War, her haunting by a poltergeist, and the visitation of her reincarnated daughter. \nDespite being a box office bomb, Beloved received an Oscar nomination for Best Costume Design for Colleen Atwood, and both Danny Glover and Kimberly Elise received praise for their performances.", "Q16957": "East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik [\u02c8d\u0254\u028ft\u0283\u0259 demo\u02c8k\u0281a\u02d0t\u026a\u0283\u0259 \u0281epu\u02c8bli\u02d0k], DDR), was a state that existed from 1949 to 1990, the period when the eastern portion of Germany was part of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War. Commonly described as a communist state in English usage, it described itself as a socialist \"workers' and peasants' state\". It consisted of territory that was administered and occupied by Soviet forces following the end of World War II\u2014the Soviet occupation zone of the Potsdam Agreement, bounded on the east by the Oder\u2013Neisse line. The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin but did not include it and West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR.\nThe GDR was established in the Soviet zone while the Federal Republic of Germany, commonly referred to as West Germany, was established in the three western zones. A satellite state of the Soviet Union, Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948 and the GDR began to function as a state on 7 October 1949. However, Soviet forces remained in the country throughout the Cold War. Until 1989, the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), although other parties nominally participated in its alliance organisation, the National Front of the German Democratic Republic. The SED made the teaching of Marxism\u2013Leninism and the Russian language compulsory in schools.The economy was centrally planned and increasingly state-owned. Prices of housing, basic goods and services were heavily subsidised and set by central government planners rather than rising and falling through supply and demand. Although the GDR had to pay substantial war reparations to the Soviets, it became the most successful economy in the Eastern Bloc. Emigration to the West was a significant problem as many of the emigrants were well-educated young people and weakened the state economically. The government fortified its western borders and built the Berlin Wall in 1961. Many people attempting to flee were killed by border guards or booby traps such as landmines. Many others spent large amounts of time imprisoned for attempting to escape.In 1989, numerous social, economic and political forces in the GDR and abroad led to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the establishment of a government committed to liberalisation. The following year, free and fair elections were held and international negotiations led to the signing of the Final Settlement treaty on the status and borders of Germany. The GDR dissolved itself and Germany was reunified on 3 October 1990, becoming a fully sovereign state in the reunified Federal Republic of Germany. Several of the GDR's leaders, notably its last communist leader Egon Krenz, were prosecuted after reunification for crimes committed during the Cold War.\nGeographically, the GDR bordered the Baltic Sea to the north, Poland to the east, Czechoslovakia to the southeast and West Germany to the southwest and west. Internally, the GDR also bordered the Soviet sector of Allied-occupied Berlin, known as East Berlin, which was also administered as the state's de facto capital. It also bordered the three sectors occupied by the United States, United Kingdom and France known collectively as West Berlin. The three sectors occupied by the Western nations were sealed off from the GDR by the Berlin Wall from its construction in 1961 until it was brought down in 1989.", "Q236409": "Shannon Lee Tweed Simmons (born March 10, 1957) is a Canadian actress and model. One of the most successful actresses of mainstream erotica, she is identified with the genre of the erotic thriller. Tweed lives with her husband Gene Simmons, bassist and co-lead singer of the band Kiss, and their two children, Nicholas\n Adam Tweed-Simmons and Sophie Alexandra Tweed-Simmons. Tweed is also known for Gene Simmons Family Jewels, a television reality show that portrayed the life of her family from 2006 to 2012.", "Q48195": "Basra (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629\u200e al-Ba\u1e63rah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 2.5 million in 2012. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is handled at the port of Umm Qasr.\nThe city is one of the ports from which the fictional Sinbad the Sailor journeyed. It played an important role in early Islamic history and was built in 636. Basra is consistently one of the hottest cities in Iraq, with summer temperatures regularly exceeding 50 \u00b0C (122 \u00b0F). In April 2017, the Iraqi Parliament recognized Basra as Iraq's economic capital.", "Q67176": "Henry I (c. 1170 \u2013 1252), a member of the House of Ascania, was Count of Anhalt from 1212 and the first ruling Anhalt prince from 1218 until his death.", "Q5818": "C\u00f3rdoba (, Spanish: [\u02c8ko\u027e\u00f0o\u03b2a]), also spelled Cordova () in English, is a city in Andalusia, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of C\u00f3rdoba. It is the largest city in the province, 3rd largest in Andalusia, after Sevilla and M\u00e1laga, and the 12th largest in Spain. It was a Roman settlement, taken over by the Visigoths, followed by the Muslim conquests in the eighth century and later becoming an imperial city under the Caliphate of C\u00f3rdoba. The city served as the capital in exile of the Umayyad Caliphate, the Almohad and various other emirates. During these Muslim periods, C\u00f3rdoba was transformed into a world leading center of education and learning, producing notable figures such as Ibn Firnas, Averroes, Ibn Hazm, and Al-Zahrawi, and by the 10th century it had grown to be the second-largest city in Europe. It was conquered by the Kingdom of Castile through the Christian Reconquista in 1236.\nToday, C\u00f3rdoba is still home to many notable pieces of Moorish architecture such as The Mezquita-Catedral, which was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984 and is now a Cathedral. The UNESCO status has since been expanded to encompass the whole historic centre of C\u00f3rdoba. Much of this architecture, such as the Alc\u00e1zar and the Roman bridge has been reworked or reconstructed by the city's successive inhabitants.\nC\u00f3rdoba has the highest summer temperatures in Spain and Europe, with average high temperatures around 37 \u00b0C (99 \u00b0F) in July and August.", "Q64745696": "Ligel Lambert is an American (Haitian born in May 20, 1982) interdisciplinary artist, entrepreneur, educator & graphic designer who primarily works in painting, collage, printmaking, assemblage (art) and sculpture. He is best known for his colorful, Fauvist, rhythmic and abstracted interpretations of musicians, interpretations of sounds and musical themed paintings.", "Q144033": "Shawn Yue Man-lok (born 13 November 1981), is a former Hong Kong (now China) actor and singer. A former model, he has starred in many films such as Jiang Hu and Infernal Affairs II and has established himself as a recognisable face in Hong Kong cinema.", "Q71700": "Mother Basilea, born Klara Schlink (October 21, 1904 in Darmstadt, Germany \u2013 March 21, 2001 in Darmstadt) was a German religious leader and writer. She was leader of the Evangelical Sisterhood of Mary, which she cofounded, from 1947 to 2001.", "Q271756": "Victoire Thivisol (born 6 July 1991) is a French film actress. \nShe first gained acclaim for her role as a child coping with her mother's death in the 1996 film Ponette, becoming the youngest actress to win the Volpi Cup Best Actress Award at the Venice Film Festival. She later went on to star in Children of the Century and Chocolat (2000), both as the daughter of Juliette Binoche. In 2007 she was cast in Les grands s'allongent par terre (2008). The director, Emmanuel Saget, was so impressed with her that he subsequently rewrote the film around her character.", "Q237703": "Kerstin Lillemor Ekman, n\u00e9e Hjorth, (born 27 August 1933 in Risinge, Finsp\u00e5ng, \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland County) is a Swedish novelist.", "Q77371": "Friedrich Heinrich Karl de la Motte, Baron Fouqu\u00e9 (German: [\u02c8f\u0281i\u02d0d\u0281\u026a\u00e7 d\u0259 la \u02ccm\u0254tfu\u02c8ke\u02d0]; 12 February 1777 \u2013 23 January 1843) was a German writer of the Romantic style.", "Q4673779": "Achimota School (/\u0251\u02d0t\u0283imo\u028at\u0251\u02d0/ ah-ch-ee-m-oh-t-ah), formerly Prince of Wales College and School, Achimota, later Achimota College, now nicknamed Motown, is a co-educational boarding school located at Achimota in Accra, Greater Accra, Ghana. The school was founded in 1924 by Sir Frederick Gordon Guggisberg, Dr. James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey and the Rev. Alec Garden Fraser. It was formally opened in 1927 by Sir Frederick Guggisberg, then Governor of the British Gold Coast colony. Achimota, modelled on the British public school system, was the first mixed-gender school to be established on the Gold Coast.\nThe school has educated many African leaders, including Kwame Nkrumah, Edward Akufo-Addo, Jerry John Rawlings, and John Evans Atta Mills all of whom are former Heads of State of Ghana. Former President of Ghana, John Dramani Mahama had his primary education there while former Prime Minister of Ghana, Kofi Abrefa Busia also taught at Achimota. Also included in its list of African heads of state are Zimbabwe's second president Robert Mugabe and Sir Dawda Jawara, first head of state of The Gambia. An alumnus/alumna of Achimota is known as an \"Akora\".\nThe motto of the school is Ut Omnes Unum Sint meaning \"That they all may be one\", a reference to the founders' expressed philosophy that starting in the context of school life, black and white, male and female, everyone should integrate and combine synergistically for the good of all. The stylised piano-key design of the Achimota School crest was described by Aggrey at the time: \"You can play a tune of sorts on the black keys only; and you can play a tune of sorts on the white keys only; but for perfect harmony, you must use both the black and the white keys.\"\nAchimota remains the only mixed school ever to win the National Science and Maths Quiz, doing so twice. The three Statues are arranged in a Triangle-like formation with an unknown significance.", "Q1338153": "20th-century classical music describes art music that was written nominally from 1901 to 2000, inclusive. Musical style diverged during the 20th century as it never had previously. Consequently, this century was without a dominant style. Modernism, impressionism, and post-romanticism can all be traced to the decades before the turn of the century, but can be included because they evolved beyond the musical boundaries of the 19th-century styles that were part of the earlier common practice period. Neoclassicism and expressionism came mostly after 1900. Minimalism started much later in the century and can be seen as a change from the modern to post-modern era, although some date post-modernism from as early as ca. 1930. Aleatory, atonality, serialism, musique concr\u00e8te, electronic music, and concept music were all developed during this century. Jazz and ethnic folk music became important influences on many composers during this century.", "Q103378": "Rosemarie Zens (born 1944, Bad Polzin, Germany; present-day Po\u0142czyn-Zdr\u00f3j, Poland) is a German writer and photographer.", "Q434051": "Ana\u00efs Demoustier (born Ana\u00efs Aude Marie Mich\u00e8le Demoustier; 29 September 1987) is a French actress. She has appeared in more than fifty films since 2000.", "Q96825": "Lea Grundig (Dresden, 23 March 1906 \u2013 10 October 1977, at sea) was a German painter and graphic artist.", "Q225307": "Vjenceslav Novak (11 September 1859 in Senj \u2013 20 September 1905 in Zagreb) was a Croatian Realist writer, dramatist, and music historian.\nHe was born into an emigrant Czech family, of which his mother was from an emigrant Bavarian family. He was the most successful Croatian realist writer and was known as the Croatian Balzac. He finished elementary and middle school in Senj and Gospi\u0107. He also worked as a teacher in Senj for some time.\nHe entered into literature in 1881 with his novella Maca. He wrote seven novels. He published thirty novellas. Apart from stories he also wrote poetry, feuilleton, dramatic works, reviews, critiques and musical arrangements.\nIn 1892 he initiated (jointly with Vjekoslav Klai\u0107) the music periodical Gusle: \u010casopis za svjetovnu i crkvenu gasbu, which he coedited with Klai\u0107. The periodical was published only for a year, but next year he started a new journal Glazba: List za crkvenu i svjetovnu gazbu te dramatsku umetnost, which he edited alone. This periodical ceased its publication at the end of 1893. \nHe had a large family, suffered from tuberculosis, fought poverty, and during this period of his life was an average writer of that time. He was a novelist, narrator, critic and translator and worked right up until his death in 1905. He started out as a Romantic story-teller and ended up a writer of modern psychological prose with occult themes.", "Q321613": "Bronis\u0142aw Wildstein (born 11 June 1952, Olsztyn, Poland) is a former Polish dissident, a journalist, freelance author and, from 11 May 2006 to 28 February 2007, was the chief executive officer of Telewizja Polska (Polish state-owned television). Wildstein rose to nationwide prominence in Poland in January and February 2005, after he smuggled files on informers and victims of the former communist secret police (S\u0142u\u017cba Bezpiecze\u0144stwa) from the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) and distributed them to fellow journalists. The files are commonly referred to as \"Wildstein's list\" (lista Wildsteina).", "Q63304": "Kathleen Wilhoite (born June 29, 1964) is an American stage, film and television actress, as well as a singer-songwriter. She is known for her roles in the films Witchboard (1986), Murphy's Law (1986), Road House (1989), Lorenzo's Oil (1992), and The Edge (1997). She is also known for her recurring roles on ER and Gilmore Girls, and for voicing the title character in the animated series Pepper Ann.", "Q1008996": "Hugo Gellert (born Hug\u00f3 Gr\u00fcnbaum, May 3, 1892 \u2013 December 9, 1985) was a Hungarian-American illustrator and muralist. A committed radical and member of the Communist Party of America, Gellert created much work for political activism in the 1920s and 1930s. It was distinctive in style, considered by some art critics as among the best political work of the first half of the 20th century.His family immigrated to New York in 1906. Gellert studied in art schools in New York. His illustrations were first published in radical Hungarian and American magazines, but in the 1920s Gellert worked as a staff artist for The New Yorker magazine and The New York Times newspaper. Although he was opposed to United States' entry into World War I, when conditions were worsening in Europe in 1939 after the rise of Nazi Germany, Gellert helped organize \"Artists for Defense\"; he later became chairman of \"Artists for Victory\", which included over 10,000 members.", "Q25351": "Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (30 November 1817 \u2013 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. He was one of the greatest classicists of the 19th century. His work regarding Roman history is still of fundamental importance for contemporary research. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1902 for being \"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A History of Rome\", after having been nominated by 18 members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. He was also a prominent German politician, as a member of the Prussian and German parliaments. His works on Roman law and on the law of obligations had a significant impact on the German civil code.\n\n", "Q159704": "Patricia Kaas (French: [kas]; born 5 December 1966 in Forbach) is a French singer and actress. Her music is a mix of pop, cabaret, jazz, and chanson.\nSince the appearance of her 1988 debut album, Mademoiselle chante..., Kaas has sold over 17 million records worldwide. She had her greatest success in Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, Canada, Russia, Finland, Ukraine, and South Korea with her third album Je te dis vous. In 2002, Kaas made her film debut in And Now... Ladies and Gentlemen with Jeremy Irons. She represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow, and finished in eighth place.", "Q1811313": "Bj\u00f8rn Olav Telnes (* 05.06.1972 in Geilo) is a black metal musician who is best known for his work as guitarist with the Norwegian black metal band Gorgoroth.", "Q110462": "Julie Delpy (French: [\u0292yli d\u025blpi]; born 21 December 1969) is a French-American actress, film director, screenwriter, and singer-songwriter. She studied filmmaking at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts and has directed, written, or acted in more than 30 films, including Europa Europa (1990), Voyager (1991), Three Colors: White (1993), the Before trilogy (1995, 2004, 2013), An American Werewolf in Paris (1997), and 2 Days in Paris (2007). She has been nominated for three C\u00e9sar Awards, two Online Film Critics Society Awards, and two Academy Awards. After moving to the United States in 1990, she became an American citizen in 2001.", "Q106200": "Ralf F\u00fccks (born August 3, 1951 in Edenkoben, Rhineland-Palatinate) is a German politician. He has been a member of the Green Party of Germany since 1982 and has been Mayor of Bremen.\nHe is a member of the Green European Foundation and Heinrich B\u00f6ll Foundation. Since 2006 he is married to green politician Marieluise Beck, they have two daughters.", "Q194762": "Ruby Neilam Salvador Adams (born 1932), known professionally as Neile Adams, is a Filipina-American actress, singer, and dancer who made more than 20 appearances in films and television series between 1952 and 1991.", "Q948705": "Richard Howard \"Rick\" Hilton (born August 17, 1955) is an American businessman. He is the chairman and co-founder of Hilton & Hyland, a real estate brokerage firm based in Beverly Hills, California, that specializes in homes and estates in Beverly Hills, Holmby Hills, Bel-Air, Brentwood, Pacific Palisades, Malibu, Hollywood Hills, as well as estates from Santa Barbara to San Diego.", "Q502291": "Catherine Wheel were an English alternative rock band from Great Yarmouth. The band was active from 1990 to 2000, releasing five full-length albums in their career, embarking on many lengthy tours and experiencing fluctuating levels of commercial success.\n\n", "Q98808": "Sophie Tieck (28 February 1775 \u2013 1 October 1833), later known as Sophie Bernhardi or Sophie von Knorring, was a German Romantic writer and poet. Her role as a writer of the Romantic period was overshadowed by her brother Ludwig and her first husband. She was only really appreciated as an important writer when her letters were published in the 1960s. A plot twist in her brother's story Eckbert the Blond is an unattributed invention by Sophie Tieck.", "Q275530": "Nuns on the Run is a 1990 British comedy film starring Eric Idle and Robbie Coltrane, also featuring Camille Coduri and Janet Suzman. The film was written and directed by Jonathan Lynn and produced by HandMade Films. Many of the outdoor scenes were shot in Chiswick, White City and Kings Cross. The soundtrack was composed and performed by Yello and also features George Harrison's song \"Blow Away\" in addition to Steve Winwood\u2019s \"Roll With It\".", "Q116013": "Jan Trefulka (15 May 1929 \u2013 22 November 2012) was a Czech writer, translator, literary critic and publicist.", "Q65775": "Mosnang is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q170396": "Prince George of Greece and Denmark (Greek: \u03a0\u03c1\u03af\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2; 24 June 1869 \u2013 25 November 1957) was the second son and child of George I of Greece and Olga Konstantinovna of Russia, and is remembered chiefly for having once saved the life of his cousin the future Emperor of Russia, Nicholas II in 1891 during their visit to Japan together. He served as high commissioner of the Cretan State during its transition towards independence from Ottoman rule and union with Greece.", "Q888535": "Robert Leo Farrelly Jr. (born June 17, 1958) is an American film director, screenwriter and producer. He is one of the Farrelly brothers, alongside his brother Peter, and together are known directing and producing quirky, slightly offensive comedy films such as Dumb and Dumber, Shallow Hal, Me, Myself and Irene, There's Something About Mary, and the 2007 remake of The Heartbreak Kid.", "Q669488": "Pignia is former a municipality in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2009, it was annexed by Andeer.\nThe municipality was predominantly German-speaking, with a sizable Romansh-speaking minority.", "Q495847": "Andreas Ascharin (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0448\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d, Andrey Aleksandrovich Asharin; 24 June [O.S. 12 June] 1843 in P\u00e4rnu \u2013 24 December [O.S. 12 December] 1896 in Riga) was a Baltic German-Russian chess master.\nAscharin's father was Russian, his mother was from a Baltic German family. He read law in Dorpat (now Tartu). Between 1875 and 1879, he worked in Saint Petersburg as a journalist for the St. Petersburger Zeitung and the St. Petersburger Herold. He also played in local chess tournaments. In 1876 he won ahead of Mikhail Chigorin and Emanuel Schiffers. In 1877 he lost a match to Friedrich Amelung (+3 \u20134 =2). In 1878/79 he took sixth place (Chigorin and Simon Alapin won).From 1879 he lived in Riga where he worked as a teacher of German language at a gymnasium, and a translator of Russian literature into German. Among others, he published Schach-Humoresken (Riga 1894). He was a president of the Riga Chess Club.", "Q65013": "Otto Winzer (3 April 1902 \u2013 3 March 1975) was an East German diplomat who served as East Germany's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1965 to 1975.", "Q86388": "Markus Hinterh\u00e4user (born 30 March 1958 in La Spezia, Italy) is an Austrian pianist and the current Artistic Director of the Salzburg Festival. He studied music at the Vienna Conservatory under Elisabeth Leonskaja and the Mozarteum University of Salzburg under Oleg Maisenberg. As a chamber musician, he has performed with several notable performers, including the Arditti Quartet and singer Brigitte Fassbaender. As a piano soloist he is particularly known for his performances of the works of the Second Viennese School and 20th century works by composers like John Cage, Luigi Nono, Morton Feldman and Galina Ustvolskaya. Since 2006 he has served as the Concert Director of the Salzburg Festival, a post he is scheduled to leave after the 2011 summer festival.", "Q733786": "A monk (, from Greek: \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c7\u03cc\u03c2, monachos, \"single, solitary\" via Latin monachus) is a person who practices religious asceticism by monastic living, either alone or with any number of other monks. A monk may be a person who decides to dedicate his life to serving all other living beings, or to be an ascetic who voluntarily chooses to leave mainstream society and live his or her life in prayer and contemplation. The concept is ancient and can be seen in many religions and in philosophy.\nIn the Greek language the term can apply to women, but in modern English it is mainly in use for men. The word nun is typically used for female monastics.\nAlthough the term monachos is of Christian origin, in the English language monk tends to be used loosely also for both male and female ascetics from other religious or philosophical backgrounds. However, being generic, it is not interchangeable with terms that denote particular kinds of monk, such as cenobite, hermit, anchorite, hesychast, or solitary.", "Q460366": "Mary Roberts Rinehart (August 12, 1876 \u2013 September 22, 1958) was an American writer, often called the American Agatha Christie, although her first mystery novel was published 14 years before Christie's first novel in 1920.Rinehart is considered the source of the phrase \"The butler did it\" from her novel The Door (1930), although the novel does not use the exact phrase. Rinehart is also considered to have invented the \"Had-I-but-Known\" school of mystery writing, with the publication of The Circular Staircase (1908).", "Q316901": "Edvin \"Edi\" Rama (born 4 July 1964) is an Albanian politician, painter, writer, publicist, former pedagogue, and former basketball player, who is currently serving as the 33rd Prime Minister of Albania (since 13 September 2013) and the Minister of Foreign Affairs (since 21 January 2019). Rama has also been Chairman of the Socialist Party of Albania since 2005. \nBefore his election as Prime Minister, Rama held a number of other positions. He was appointed Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports in 1998, a position that he held until 2000.\nHe was first elected Mayor of Tirana in 2000, and was reelected in 2003 and 2007. In 2013, the coalition of center-left parties led by Edi Rama won the 2013 parliamentary election, defeating the center-right coalition of Democratic Party of Albania's incumbent Prime Minister, Sali Berisha. He was confirmed as prime minister for a second term in the 2017 election.", "Q350954": "Ralph Modjeski (born Rudolf Modrzejewski; January 27, 1861 \u2013 June 26, 1940) was a Polish-American civil engineer who achieved prominence as a pre-eminent bridge designer in the United States.", "Q608062": "Jean Joseph Dussault (1769\u20131824) was a French librarian, journalist and literary critic.", "Q159062": "Jan Blahoslav (20 February 1523 \u2013 24 November 1571) was a Czech humanistic writer, poet, translator, etymologist, hymnographer, grammarian, music theorist and composer. He was a Unity of the Brethren bishop, and translated the New Testament into Czech in 1564. This was incorporated into the Bible of Kralice.", "Q329529": "Kristofer Diedrich Lehmkuhl (25 September 1855 \u2013 23 October 1949) was a Norwegian politician from Bergen. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1903 and became the Minister of Labour in 1905 and from 1905\u20131907. He did not seek reelection in 1906.\nHe gave name to the three-masted barque rigged sail vessel Statsraad Lehmkuhl.", "Q73671": "Maximilian Karl Otto von Herff (17 April 1893 \u2013 6 September 1945) was a high-ranking commander in the SS of Nazi Germany during World War II. The protestant von Herff family originated from Li\u00e8ge in Belgium and moved to the Palatinate in 1577 to escape religious persecution. His ancestor Christian Herff had been inducted into the noble class in 1814.", "Q2711500": "Chalcedonian Christianity refers to the Christian denominations adhering to the christological definitions and ecclesiological resolutions of the Council of Chalcedon, the Fourth Ecumenical Council held in 451. Chalcedonian Christians follow the Definition of Chalcedon, a religious doctrine concerning the divine and human natures of Jesus Christ. The great majority of Christian communions and confessions in the 21st century are Chalcedonian, but from the 5th to the 8th centuries the ascendancy of Chalcedonian Christology (detailed below) was not always certain.\nDoctrinally, Chalcedonianism may be regarded as a subset of Nicene Christianity. It is the opposite of Non-Chalcedonianism.", "Q214864": "John Mylong (September 27, 1892 \u2013 September 1975) was an Austrian actor who later settled in the United States.", "Q2579604": "William Kingsford (23 December 1819 \u2013 29 September 1898) was an English-born Canadian historian. Born in London, England, served in the army, and went to Canada, where he was engaged in surveying work. He was a self-taught historian, and one of the first to use the archives being gathered in Ottawa. He is best known for his History of Canada in 10 volumes (1887\u20131898), which was widely read by the upper middle class, as well as Anglophone teachers, despite its poor organisation and pedestrian writing style. Kingsford believed that the Conquest of New France guaranteed victory for British constitutional liberty and that it ensured material progress. He assumed the assimilation of French Canadians into a superior British culture was inevitable and desirable, for he envisioned Canada as one nation with one anglophone population.", "Q1351683": "Eric Thal (born August 10, 1965) is an American film and stage actor, perhaps best known as Ariel in Sidney Lumet's A Stranger Among Us; Sam Nivens in The Puppet Masters; Samson in Samson and Delilah; Meade Howell in The Wedding; and Rick in Six Degrees of Separation.", "Q189733": "Zenon Konopka (born January 2, 1981) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. Also known as \"Zenon the Destroyer\", Konopka played for the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Columbus Blue Jackets, Tampa Bay Lightning, New York Islanders, Ottawa Senators, Minnesota Wild, and Buffalo Sabres during his National Hockey League (NHL) career.", "Q68537": "Lyudmila Markovna Gurchenko (Russian: \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0443\u0440\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, Ukrainian: \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0443\u0440\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e Ludmyla Markivna Hurchenko, informal \u2013 Lucia, 12 November 1935 \u2013 30 March 2011), was a popular Soviet and Russian actress, singer and entertainer .", "Q4027615": "Informatics applies the principles of information science to solve problems using data. It involves the practice of information processing and the engineering of information systems. The field considers the interaction between humans and information alongside the construction of interfaces, organisations, technologies and systems. As such, informatics encompasses many academic disciplines, including computer science, information systems, information technology and statistics. Since the advent of computers, individuals and organizations increasingly process information digitally. This has led to the study of informatics with computational, mathematical, biological, cognitive and social aspects, including study of the social impact of information technologies.", "Q77417": "Lazarus Spengler (March 13, 1479 in Nuremberg \u2013 September 7, 1534 in Nuremberg) was a prominent supporter of Martin Luther and leader of the Protestant Reformation in Nuremberg, as well as a famous hymnwriter.", "Q2805": "Krefeld ( KRAY-feld, -\u2060felt, German: [\u02c8k\u0281e\u02d0f\u025blt] (listen)), also spelled Crefeld until 1929 (though the spelling was still being used in British papers throughout the second world war), is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located northwest of D\u00fcsseldorf, its centre lying just a few kilometres to the west of the river Rhine; the borough of Uerdingen is situated directly on the Rhine. Because of its economic past, Krefeld is often referred to as the \"Velvet and Silk City\". It is accessed by the autobahns A57 (Cologne\u2013Nijmegen) and A44 (Aachen\u2013D\u00fcsseldorf\u2013Dortmund\u2013Kassel).\nKrefeld's residents speak Hochdeutsch, or standard German, but the native dialect is a Low German variety, sometimes locally called Krefelder Plattdeutsch, Krieewelsch Platt, Plattdeutsch, or sometimes simply Platt. The Uerdingen line isogloss, separating general dialectical areas in Germany and neighboring Germanic-speaking countries, runs through and is named after Krefeld's Uerdingen district, originally an independent municipality.\n\n", "Q5914950": "House of Frankenstein (a.k.a. House of Frankenstein 1997) is a 1997 television miniseries that revived Universal's threesome, the vampire, Frankenstein's monster and the werewolf. It starred Adrian Pasdar, Greg Wise and Teri Polo. It first aired on NBC in two parts on November 2 and November 3, 1997.", "Q238356": "Samantha Bond (born 27 November 1961) is an English actress, perhaps best known for playing Miss Moneypenny in four James Bond films during the Pierce Brosnan years, and for her role on Downton Abbey as the wealthy widow Lady Rosamund Painswick, sister of Robert Crawley, the Earl of Grantham. She is also well-known for originating the role of \"Miz Liz\" Probert in the Rumpole of the Bailey series. Bond is a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company.", "Q123916": "Henri Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Amiel (French: [amj\u025bl]; 27 September 1821 \u2013 11 May 1881) was a Swiss moral philosopher, poet, and critic.\n\n", "Q155880": "Mirek Topol\u00e1nek (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8m\u026ar\u025bk \u02c8topola\u02d0n\u025bk], born 15 May 1956) is a Czech politician and business manager who served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 2006 to 2009 and Leader of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) from 2002 to 2010. Between 2006 and 2009, Topol\u00e1nek was the member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) and Senator from Ostrava from 1996 until 2004. After leaving the politics in 2010, Topol\u00e1nek has been active in the electric power industry.\nOn 24 March 2009, Topol\u00e1nek resigned as Prime Minister after he lost a no-confidence vote in the Chamber of Deputies. He remained in office until 8 May, at which point Jan Fischer took office as an independent Prime Minister leading an interim caretaker government.In November 2017, Topol\u00e1nek announced his bid for the presidency in the 2018 election but received only 4% and came sixth in the election.\n\n", "Q69629": "Lohn is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.", "Q481832": "Amy Lou Adams (born August 20, 1974) is an American actress. Known for both her comedic and dramatic performances, she has placed three times in annual rankings of the highest-paid actresses in the world. Her accolades include two Golden Globes, and nominations for six Academy Awards and seven British Academy Film Awards.\nBorn in Vicenza, Italy, and raised in Castle Rock, Colorado, Adams is the fourth of seven siblings. She trained to be a ballerina, but at age 18, she found musical theater a better fit, and from 1994 to 1998, she worked in dinner theater. She made her feature film debut with a supporting part in the 1999 satire Drop Dead Gorgeous. After moving to Los Angeles, she made guest appearances in television and took on \"mean girl\" parts in small-scale features. Her first major role came in Steven Spielberg's 2002 biopic Catch Me If You Can, opposite Leonardo DiCaprio, but she was unemployed for a year afterward. Her breakthrough came in the part of a loquacious pregnant woman in the 2005 independent film Junebug.\nThe 2007 musical Enchanted, in which Adams played a cheerful princess, was her first major success as a leading lady. She followed it by playing na\u00efve, optimistic women in a series of films such as the 2008 drama Doubt. She subsequently played stronger parts to positive reviews in the sports film The Fighter (2010) and the psychological drama The Master (2012). In 2013, she began portraying Lois Lane in superhero films set in the DC Extended Universe. She won two consecutive Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress for playing a seductive con artist in the crime film American Hustle (2013) and the painter Margaret Keane in the biopic Big Eyes (2014). Further acclaim came for playing a linguist in the science fiction film Arrival (2016), a self-harming reporter in the miniseries Sharp Objects (2018), and Lynne Cheney in the satirical film Vice (2018).\nAdams's stage roles include the Public Theater's revival of Into the Woods in 2012, in which she played the Baker's Wife. In 2014, she was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time and featured in the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. She is married to actor and artist Darren Le Gallo, with whom she has a daughter.", "Q43942": "Thomas Thynne, 2nd Marquess of Bath KG (25 January 1765 \u2013 27 March 1837), styled Viscount Weymouth from 1789 until 1796, was a British peer.", "Q101221": "Utta Danella, Utta Schneider, (18 June 1920 in Leipzig \u2013 July 2015 in Munich) was a German author.", "Q178084": "The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate (Persian: \u0627\u06cc\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u200e, Ilx\u0101n\u0101n), known to the Mongols as H\u00fcleg\u00fc Ulus (Mongolian: \u0425\u04af\u043b\u044d\u0433\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0443\u043b\u0441, Hu\u2019leg\u012bn Uls) was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire, ruled by the Mongol House of Hulagu. Hulagu Khan, the son of Tolui and grandson of Genghis Khan, inherited the Middle Eastern part of the Mongol Empire after his brother M\u00f6ngke Khan died in 1260. Its core territory lies in what is now part of the countries of Iran, Azerbaijan, and Turkey. At its greatest extent, the Ilkhanate also included parts of modern Iraq, Armenia, Georgia, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, part of modern Dagestan, part of modern Tajikistan. Later Ilkhanate rulers, beginning with Ghazan in 1295, converted to Islam. In the 1330s, the Ilkhanate was ravaged by the Black Death. Its last khan Abu Sa'id died in 1335, after which the khanate disintegrated.", "Q183550": "Samuel Marvin Griffin, Sr. (September 4, 1907 \u2013 June 13, 1982) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Georgia.\nA lifelong Democrat, Griffin was a native of Bainbridge, Georgia and publisher of the Bainbridge Post-Searchlight. He served as the 72nd Governor of Georgia from 1955 to 1959, where he supported educational segregation and opposed the integration of Georgia schools. After the end of his gubernatorial tenure, he returned to his native Bainbridge and entered the real estate business, helping to found Bainbridge College in 1970. He worked on the college's board of directors and died from lung cancer in 1982.", "Q234544": "Regina Rene King (born January 15, 1971) is an American actress and director. She is the recipient of various accolades, including an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and three Primetime Emmy Awards. Time magazine named King one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2019.King first gained attention in 1985 for her role in the NBC television series 227. She appeared in both television and film, rising to greater prominence with roles in the films Friday (1995), Jerry Maguire (1996), and the crime television series Southland (2009\u20132013). From 2015 to 2017, King starred in the ABC anthology series American Crime, for which she won two Primetime Emmy Awards, and in 2018, she starred in the Netflix miniseries Seven Seconds, for which she won her third Emmy Award. Also in 2018, her role as a troubled mother in the film If Beale Street Could Talk won her the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.\nKing's other television roles include voice work for Huey and Riley Freeman on the Adult Swim animated series The Boondocks, the drama series The Leftovers (2015\u20132017), and the sitcom The Big Bang Theory. She has also played supporting roles in the films Boyz n the Hood (1991), Poetic Justice (1993), Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde (2003), Ray (2004), and Miss Congeniality 2: Armed & Fabulous (2005). In 2019, she began starring in the HBO superhero series Watchmen.\nKing has also directed episodes for several television shows, including Scandal in 2015 and 2016 and This Is Us in 2017. She has also directed the music video for the 2010 song \"Finding My Way Back\" by Jaheim.", "Q73881": "Robert Friedrich Ehlert Otzen (9 May 1872 in Giesensdorf - 3 October 1934 in Hanover) was a German infrastructure engineer. \nHe is considered the inventor of the word Autobahn when he was head of the Stufa car lobby group (Bahn being the German word for railway), the equivalent of motorway (British English) or freeway (US English).. When a single high speed roadway was built on the Hamburg-Frankfurt-Basel route, Ozten felt that only an entire network of such roads would attract the political support needed for such a project to be built.", "Q99280": "Hermann Heinrich Becker (15 September 1820 in Elberfeld \u2013 9 December 1885 in Cologne) was a German politician and member of the DFP. Becker was born to Dr. Hermann Becker and Theodora Helene Caroline Wilhelmine Friedrike Becker, n\u00e9e Krackr\u00fcgge. Becker studied law at Heidelberg, Bonn and Berlin, and graduated on 10 May 1847. \nHe was mayor of Dortmund from 1870 to 1875 and mayor of Cologne from 1875 to 1885. On 8 October 1877 he married Henriette Metzmacher (1847\u2013 1928), daughter of his old friend Carl Metzmacher. However, the marriage did not last very long. Becker died on 9 December 1885 from tuberculosis.", "Q62754": "Jakob Andreae (25 March 1528 \u2013 7 January 1590) was a significant German Lutheran theologian and Protestant Reformer involved in the drafting of major documents.", "Q158354": "Pavel Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik (Slovak: Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik; 13 May 1795 \u2013 26 June 1861) was a Slovak philologist, poet, one of the first scientific Slavists; literary historian, historian and ethnographer.", "Q156379": "Yury Mikhailovich Luzhkov (Russian: \u042e\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0443\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432, IPA: [\u02c8j\u0289r\u02b2\u026aj m\u02b2\u026a\u02c8xajl\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0361\u0255 l\u028a\u02c8\u0282kof]; 21 September 1936 \u2013 10 December 2019) was a Russian politician who served as mayor of Moscow from 1992 to 2010. He was the vice-chairman and one of the founders of the ruling United Russia party.\nDuring Luzhkov's time, Moscow's economy expanded and he presided over large construction projects in the city, including the building of a new financial district. At the same time, he was accused of corruption, bulldozing historic buildings, and poor handling of traffic, as well as the city's smog crisis during the 2010 Russian wildfires. On 28 September 2010, Luzhkov was fired from his post by a decree issued by President Dmitry Medvedev.\nHowever, since Luzhkov\u2019s ousting, no legal cases have been initiated or proof of corruption made public.", "Q118770": "Josef Imbach (born 3 December 1945 in Zofingen, Aargau) is a controversial Swiss Catholic theologian and Franciscan friar.\nHe studied theology and philosophy at the Pontifical Theological Faculty of St. Bonaventure in Rome 1967-1973 and from 1975 to 2002 was a professor of fundamental theology there.\nIn 2002, he was suspended for a year by the Franciscan authorities for (according to him) denying the possibility of miracles. He denied holding this view and publicly protested against the \"non-transparent practices\" and \"unqualified opinion\".\nImbach was later banned from teaching in all Catholic theological faculties worldwide by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. He has been living near Basel since 2005 where he teaches Catholic theology at the Evangelical Theological Faculty.", "Q956275": "Joshua Daniel White (February 11, 1914 \u2013 September 5, 1969) was an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, actor and civil rights activist. He also recorded under the names Pinewood Tom and Tippy Barton in the 1930s.\nWhite grew up in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. He became a prominent race records artist, with a prolific output of recordings in genres including Piedmont blues, country blues, gospel music, and social protest songs. In 1931, White moved to New York, and within a decade his fame had spread widely. His repertoire expanded to include urban blues, jazz, traditional folk songs, and political protest songs, and he was in demand as an actor on radio, Broadway, and film.\nHowever, White's anti-segregationist and international human rights political stance presented in many of his recordings and in his speeches at rallies were subsequently used by McCarthyites as a pretext for labeling him a communist to slander and harass him. From 1947 through the mid-1960s, White was caught up in the anti-communist Red Scare, and as a consequence his career was damaged. However White's musical style would go on to influence several generations of musical artists.", "Q533702": "Martin Bercovici (24 August 1902, in B\u00e2rlad \u2013 19 January 1971, in Bucharest) was a Romanian electrical engineer who contributed to the development of energy engineering education in Romania and to the plan of electric networks building of Romania. He served as a dean to the then newly founded Faculty of Energy Engineering within the Polytechnic University of Bucharest.", "Q70350": "Karl Joseph Simrock (August 28, 1802 \u2013 July 18, 1876), was a German poet and writer. He is primarily known for his translation of Das Nibelungenlied into modern German.", "Q60143": "Riley Steele (born August 26, 1987) is an American pornographic actress.", "Q830682": "Marcus Urban (born 4 August 1971, earlier Marcus Schneider) is a former German football player. He played with the East German national youth football team and in the second division club Rot-Wei\u00df Erfurt in the 1980s and early 1990s. Several years afterwards he came out as a gay man. He has spoken publicly about the difficulties that gay footballers experience, and he is now a spokesperson and campaigner on diversity issues in sport and the workplace.As a child, he took on his step-father's surname, Schneider, but as an adult he changed it back to his mother's maiden name.In 2008 the sports journalist Ronny Blaschke published an authorised biography of Urban. This is titled Versteckspieler: Die Geschichte des schwulen Fu\u00dfballers Marcus Urban ('Hidden Player: the story of the gay footballer Marcus Urban')", "Q934396": "The Thirteen Problems is a short story collection by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by Collins Crime Club in June 1932 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in 1933 under the title The Tuesday Club Murders. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00. The thirteen stories feature the amateur detective Miss Marple, her nephew Raymond West, and her friend Sir Henry Clithering. They are the earliest stories Christie wrote about Miss Marple.", "Q2407494": "Transformers: The Headmasters (\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30fc \u30b6\u2605\u30d8\u30c3\u30c9\u30de\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30ba, Toransuf\u014dm\u0101: Za Heddomasut\u0101zu) is a Japanese anime television series that is a part of the Transformers robot superhero franchise. It aired from July 1987 to March 1988, and its 17:00-17:30 timeslot was used to broadcast Mashin Hero Wataru at the end of its broadcast.", "Q113625": "Porter Records is a United States record label that specializes in jazz, hiphop, electronic, world, and experimental music. Its catalog is self-described as \"music for the eclectic listener\", with albums by artists Henry Grimes, Joe Chambers, Matthew Welch, Heikki Sarmanto, Chll Pll, and Mason Lindahl, among others.", "Q750553": "Brazilian Portuguese (portugu\u00eas do Brasil, [po\u027et\u028a\u02c8\u0261ez d\u028a b\u027ea\u02c8ziw] or portugu\u00eas brasileiro, [po\u027et\u028a\u02c8\u0261ez b\u027eazi\u02c8lej\u027e\u028a]) is a set of dialects of the Portuguese language used mostly in Brazil. It is spoken by almost all of the 200 million inhabitants of Brazil and spoken widely across the Brazilian diaspora, today consisting of about two million Brazilians who have emigrated to other countries.\nBrazilian Portuguese differs, particularly in phonology and prosody, from dialects spoken in Portugal and Portuguese-speaking African countries. In these latter countries, the language tends to have a closer connection to contemporary European Portuguese, partly because Portuguese colonial rule ended much more recently in them than in Brazil. Despite this difference between the spoken varieties, Brazilian and European Portuguese differ little in formal writing (in many ways analogous to the differences encountered between American and British English) and remain mutually intelligible.\nIn 1990, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), which included representatives from all countries with Portuguese as the official language, reached an agreement on the reform of the Portuguese orthography to unify the two standards then in use by Brazil on one side and the remaining Portuguese-speaking countries on the other. This spelling reform went into effect in Brazil on 1 January 2009. In Portugal, the reform was signed into law by the President on 21 July 2008 allowing for a 6-year adaptation period, during which both orthographies co-existed. All of the CPLP countries have signed the reform. In Brazil, this reform has been in force since January 2016. Portugal and other Portuguese-speaking countries have since begun using the new orthography.\nRegional varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, while remaining mutually intelligible, may diverge from each other in matters such as vowel pronunciation and speech intonation.", "Q834": "The canton of Valais (UK: VAL-ay, US: val-AY, French: [val\u025b] (listen); German: (Kanton) Wallis [\u02c8val\u026as] (listen); Italian: (Canton) Vallese [val\u02c8le\u02d0ze, -e\u02d0se]) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland, situated in the southwestern part of the country, around the valley of the Rh\u00f4ne from its headwaters to Lake Geneva, separating the Pennine Alps from the Bernese Alps. The canton is simultaneously one of the driest regions of Switzerland in its central Rh\u00f4ne valley and among the wettest, having large amounts of snow and rain up on the highest peaks found in Switzerland. The canton of Valais is widely known for the Matterhorn and resort towns such as Crans-Montana, Saas Fee, Verbier and Zermatt. It is composed of 13 districts (hence the 13 stars on the flag) and its capital is Sion.", "Q809003": "Barry Adamson (born 11 June 1958) is an English pop and rock musician, composer, writer, photographer and filmmaker. He came to prominence in the late 1970s as a member of the post-punk band Magazine and went on to work with Visage, the Birthday Party, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, and the electro musicians Pan Sonic. In addition to prolific solo work, Adamson has also remixed Grinderman, The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, Recoil and Depeche Mode. He created the seven-minute opus Useless (Escape From Wherever: Pts. 1 & 2) remix for the latter band in 1997. He also worked on the soundtrack for David Lynch's surrealistic crime film Lost Highway.", "Q76721": "Godfrey of Bouillon (French: Godefroy, Dutch: Godfried, German: Gottfried, Latin: Godefridus Bullionensis; 18 September 1060 \u2013 18 July 1100) was one of the leaders of the First Crusade. He was the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1100. He is also known as the \"baron of the Holy Sepulchre\" and the \"crusader king\".\nThe second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, Godfrey became Lord of Bouillon (from which he took his byname) in 1076 and secured his rights to the Duchy of Lower Lorraine in 1087 as a reward to his service to the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV during the Great Saxon Revolt. \nGodfrey and his brothers Eustace and Baldwin joined the First Crusade in 1096. He saw minor action at Nicaea, Dorylaeum and Antioch, before playing a key role during the successful Siege of Jerusalem in 1099. Raymond of Toulouse declined the offer to become king of Jerusalem, and Godfrey accepted the rulership instead. He refused the title of king, however, as he believed that he ought not wear \"a crown of gold\" where Jesus Christ had worn \"a crown of thorns\". Godfrey secured his kingdom by defeating the Fatimids at Ascalon a month later, bringing the First Crusade to an end.\nGodfrey only ruled Jerusalem for one year before his death in 1100. He was succeeded by his brother Baldwin, who was crowned the first King of Jerusalem.\n\n", "Q230722": "Grace Park (born March 14, 1974) is a Canadian actress who played Cylon model Number Eight, especially the significant copies Sharon \"Boomer\" Valerii and Sharon \"Athena\" Agathon on Battlestar Galactica, as well as Shannon Ng in the Canadian television series teen soap Edgemont. Park starred as Officer Kono Kalakaua in the CBS television series Hawaii Five-0, from 2010 until 2017. Since 2018, she appears in the television series A Million Little Things.", "Q66532": "Bubendorf is a municipality in the district of Liestal in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q102728": "Ypres ( EE-pr\u0259; French: [ip\u0281]; Dutch: Ieper [\u02c8ip\u0259r]) is a Belgian municipality in the province of West Flanders. Though the Dutch Ieper is the official name, the city's French name Ypres is most commonly used in English. The municipality comprises the city of Ypres and the villages of Boezinge, Brielen, Dikkebus, Elverdinge, Hollebeke, Sint-Jan, Vlamertinge, Voormezele, Zillebeke, and Zuidschote. Together, they are home to about 34,900 inhabitants.\nDuring the First World War, Ypres (or \"Wipers\" as it was commonly known by the British troops) was the centre of the Battles of Ypres between German and Allied forces.", "Q3436560": "Robert William Boyle (October 2, 1883 \u2013 April 18, 1955) was a physicist and one of the most important early pioneers in the development of sonar.\nBoyle was born in 1883 at Carbonear in the Dominion of Newfoundland. Boyle left Newfoundland for Montreal, Quebec in Canada where he trained at McGill University under Nobel Prize winner Sir Ernest Rutherford, in the then fledgling field of radioactivity. He earned McGill's first Doctor of Philosophy in physics in 1909. He then moved to England to continue his work by following Rutherford to the University of Manchester.\nIn 1912 he returned to Canada at the request of Henry Marshall Tory to become head of the physics department at the University of Alberta, and shifted his research to ultrasonics.\n\nDuring the First World War Boyle volunteered his expertise to the British Admiralty and, with the help of his old teacher Ernest Rutherford, he joined the Board of Inventions and Research and worked with British physicist Albert Beaumont Wood, a fellow student of Rutherford's.\nBefore 1917 the scientific teams from the Allied countries worked separately, however, after joining forces with French researchers, Boyle produced a working prototype of what the British called \"ASDIC\" (the first sonar).\nEarly versions of the technology were being installed on Royal Navy war ships just as the war came to an end.In 1919 Boyle returned to Alberta and shortly thereafter became dean of the Faculty of Applied Science, a position he held until 1929. That year he joined the National Research Council of Canada as the director of physics, where he supervised research into radar during the Second World War.\nHe continued to work at the National Research Council until his retirement in 1948, when he moved back to England.\nHe was elected to the Royal Society of Canada in 1921 and awarded the Flavelle Medal in 1940. He died in London, England, aged 71.", "Q526469": "Andrew Jay \"Andy\" Laster (born May 25, 1961, Bethpage, New York) is an American jazz saxophonist.\nLaster studied early in his career with Joe Dixon and Dave Burns, both in the 1970s; he lived in Seattle in the early 1980s, where he attended Cornish College of the Arts and played local gigs. He relocated to New York City later in the 1980s, and played saxophone on Lyle Lovett's albums and tours between 1989 and 1995. In the 1990s he became increasingly visible as a jazz musician, working with the groups New and Used and Orange Then Blue, as well as with Marty Ehrlich, Erik Friedlander, Phil Haynes, Mark Helias, and Bobby Previte. As a leader, he has had sidemen including Friedlander, Drew Gress, Tom Rainey, Herb Robertson, Cuong Vu, and Kenny Wolleson.", "Q66254": "Au is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q1619430": "Hinnerk Sch\u00f6nemann (born 30 November 1974) is a German actor. He appeared in more than ninety films since 1998.\n\n", "Q463121": "Karlheinz Z\u00f6ller (24 August 1928 \u2013 29 July 2005) was a German flutist, and principal in the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra between 1960\u20131969 and 1976\u20131993.", "Q105721": "William Candidus (23 July 1840 in Philadelphia \u2013 April 1910 in Frankfurt am Main) was an American opera singer.", "Q39988": "Yonsei University (Korean: \uc5f0\uc138\ub300\ud559\uad50; Hanja: \u5ef6\u4e16\u5927\u5b78\u6821; [j\u028cn.se\u02d0]) is a private research university in Seoul, South Korea. It is one of Korea's three SKY universities, a group of universities widely regarded as the most prestigious in the country. Yonsei was established in 1885 and is one of the oldest universities in South Korea.\nThe student body consists of 26,731 undergraduate students, 11,994 graduate students, 4,518 faculty members, 6,788 staff, and 257,931 alumni. Yonsei operates its main campus in Seoul and offers graduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs in Korean and English.\nThe university was established in January 1957 through the union of Yonhi College (\uc5f0\ud76c\uc804\ubb38\ud559\uad50; \u5ef6\u79a7\u5c08\u9580\u5b78\u6821) and Severance Union Medical College (\uc138\ube0c\ub780\uc2a4 \uc758\uacfc\ub300\ud559; \uc138\ube0c\ub780\uc2a4 \u91ab\u79d1\u5927\u5b78). This was a result of a lasting bilateral cooperation between the colleges that began in the 1920s. The institutions were new to Korea at the time of their inception. Yonhi College was one of the first modern colleges, founded as Chosun Christian College (\uc870\uc120\uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub300\ud559; \u671d\u9bae\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5927\u5b78) in March 1915. Severance has its roots in the first modern medical center in Korea, Gwanghyewon (\uad11\ud61c\uc6d0 \u5ee3\u60e0\u9662, House of Extended Grace), founded in April, 1885. As a tribute, the name \"Yonsei\" was derived from the first syllables of the names of its two parent institutions, \"Yon; \uc5f0; \u5ef6\" from Yonhi College and \"Sei; \uc138; \u4e16\" from Severance Union Medical College.", "Q60625": "Conrad Celtes (German: Konrad Celtes; Latin: Conradus Celtis (Protucius); 1 February 1459 \u2013 4 February 1508) was a German humanist scholar and poet of the German Renaissance born in Franconia (nowadays part of Bavaria). He led the theatrical performances at the Viennese court and reformed the syllabi. In 1500, he published Tacitus' \"Germania\" and his rediscovered works (e.g. Hrotsvit von Gandersheim, 1501) and wrote the \"Quatuor libri amorum\" in 1500, after the model of Ovid.", "Q77359": "Ernst Stadler (11 August 1883 \u2014 30 October 1914) was a German Expressionist poet. He was born in Colmar, Alsace-Lorraine and educated in Strasbourg and Oxford; in 1906 he was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Magdalen College, Oxford.His early verse was influenced by Stefan George and Charles P\u00e9guy, but after 1911, Stadler began developing a different style. His most important volume of poetry, Der Aufbruch, which appeared during 1914, is regarded as a major work of early Expressionism. The poems of Der Aufbruch are a celebration of the poet's joy in life and are written in long, free verse lines inspired by the example of Walt Whitman.Stadler was killed in battle at Zandvoorde near Ypres in the early months of World War I.", "Q155116": "Dorothy Hackett McGuire (June 14, 1916 \u2013 September 13, 2001) was an American actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Gentleman's Agreement (1947) and won the National Board of Review Award for Best Actress for Friendly Persuasion (1956).", "Q537202": "Edna Buchanan (n\u00e9e Rydzik, born March 16, 1939) is an American journalist and writer best known for her crime mystery novels. She won the 1986 Pulitzer Prize for General News Reporting \"for her versatile and consistently excellent police beat reporting.\"", "Q68279": "Narahar Raghunath Phatak (Devanagari: \u0928\u0930\u0939\u0930 \u0930\u0918\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u092b\u093e\u091f\u0915) (15 April 1893 \u2013 21 December 1979) was a biographer and literary critic from Maharashtra, India. He wrote mostly in Marathi.\nPhatak presided over Marathi Sahitya Sammelan in Hyderabad in 1947.", "Q123080": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric-Louis Sauser (1 September 1887 \u2013 21 January 1961), better known as Blaise Cendrars, was a Swiss-born novelist and poet who became a naturalized French citizen in 1916. He was a writer of considerable influence in the European modernist movement.\n\n", "Q70436": "La Chaux-du-Milieu is a municipality in the district of Le Locle in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland.", "Q28885": "Galina Sergeyevna Ulanova (Russian: \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 pronounced [\u0261\u0250\u02c8l\u02b2in\u0259 \u028a\u02c8lan\u0259v\u0259], 8 January 1910 [O.S. 26 December 1909] \u2013 21 March 1998) was a Russian ballet dancer. She is frequently cited as being one of the greatest ballerinas of the 20th century.", "Q64443": "Cazis (Romansh: Tgazas) is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Portein, Pr\u00e4z, Sarn and Tartar merged into the municipality of Cazis.", "Q55846": "August Zaleski (13 September 1883 \u2013 7 April 1972) was a Polish economist, freemason, politician, and diplomat. Twice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, he served as the 6th President of Poland within the 2nd Polish Government in Exile.", "Q108205": "Andreas Tscherning (18 November 1611 \u2013 27 September 1659) was a German poet, hymn writer and literary theorist in the tradition of Martin Opitz.", "Q25379": "A play is a work of drama, usually consisting mostly of dialogue between characters and intended for theatrical performance rather than just reading. The writer of a play is a playwright. \nPlays are performed at a variety of levels, from London's West End and Broadway in New York \u2013 which are the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world \u2013 to regional theatre, to community theatre, as well as university or school productions. There are rare dramatists, notably George Bernard Shaw, who have had little preference as to whether their plays were performed or read. The term \"play\" can refer to both the written texts of playwrights and to their complete theatrical performance.", "Q330736": "Gerbrand Bakker (born 28 April 1962) is a Dutch writer. He won the International Dublin Literary Award for The Twin, the English translation of his novel Boven is het stil, and the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize for The Detour, the English translation of his novel De omweg.", "Q359780": "Adnan Polat was born in Erzurum, in 1953. \nHe graduated from I\u015f\u0131k High School in 1971 and Long Island University Business Management department in 1976.\nHe started working in the construction sites of Polat \u0130n\u015faat Anonim \u015eirketi affiliated to Polat Holding in 1976.\nStarting in 1981 he took charge of the management of the industry group of Polat Holding and made the group an international player.\nBetween 1992 and 1996 he was Vice President and President of the Football Committee in Galatasaray Sports Club.In 2001, he was elected as the President of Serkap, Association of Turkish Ceramic Coating Materials Producers. \nIn 2002, he was elected the President of the Turkish Ceramic Federation.Between 2003 and 2008 he was the Board Chairman of Ege Seramik.\nIn 2007, he became the Board Chairman of Polat Holding.\nIn 2006, he became the Vice President of Galatasaray S.K. in March.\nIn June 2006 he was awarded an Italian order of merit by the President of Italy given to the people for their services to society.He served as the President of Galatasaray Sports Club between 2008 and 2011.\nIn 2013 in November he was the honorary consulate of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka in the Marmara region.\nHe is still a shareholder of the \u0130. Polat Holding A.\u015e. companies, the block holder in Polat Holding A.\u015e., owner of the whole of AP Enerji Tedarik A.\u015e., shareholder and Board Chairman of Adnan Polat Enerji Yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 A.\u015e., Bat\u0131yel Enerji Elektrik \u00dcretim A.\u015e., and \u0130stiklal Gayrimenkul Geli\u015ftirme A.\u015e. He is also the Board Chairman of AP Gayrimenkul Yat\u0131r\u0131m ve Geli\u015ftirme A.\u015e.\nAdnan Polat is involved in important social, cultural and sportive activities in Turkey.\nAffiliated to: Galatasaray Sports Club, T\u00dcS\u0130AD, \u0130KV, \u0130stanbul Ticaret Odas\u0131\n\n", "Q553790": "Thomas Morgan Robertson (born 14 October 1958), known by the stage name Thomas Dolby, is an English musician, producer, entrepreneur and teacher. He came to prominence in the 1980s, releasing hit singles including \"She Blinded Me with Science\" (1982) and \"Hyperactive!\" (1984). He has also worked in production and as a session musician. In the 1990s he founded a Silicon Valley sound technology company, Beatnik, whose technology was used to create the Nokia tune. He was also the music director for the TED Conference. Currently on faculty at the Peabody Institute at Johns Hopkins University, Dolby leads Peabody\u2019s Music for New Media program, which enrolled its first students in the fall of 2018.", "Q1239517": "Donald Clayborn \"Don\" Sleet (November 27, 1938 \u2013 December 31, 1986) was an American jazz trumpeter. He was a member of Howard Rumsey's Lighthouse All-Stars and Lenny McBrowne and the Four Souls. Widely considered a gifted musician, compared to the likes of Art Farmer and Kenny Dorham, Sleet had a short career as a result of his drug abuse, recording only one album as a leader.\n\n", "Q101547": "Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki (Xhosa pronunciation: [t\u02b0a\u0253\u0254 mb\u025b\u02d0k\u02bci]; born 18 June 1942) is a South African politician who served as the second president of South Africa from June 1999 to 24 September 2008. On 20 September 2008, with about nine months left in his second term, Mbeki announced his resignation after being recalled by the National Executive Committee of the ANC, following a conclusion by judge C. R. Nicholson of improper interference in the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA), including the prosecution of Jacob Zuma for corruption. On 12 January 2009, the Supreme Court of Appeal unanimously overturned judge Nicholson's judgement but the resignation stood.\nDuring his tenure in office, the South African economy grew at an average rate of 4.5% per year, creating employment in the middle sectors of the economy. The Black middle-class was significantly expanded with the implementation of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE). This growth increased the demand for trained professionals, whose numbers were strained by emigration due to violent crime, but failed to address unemployment amongst the unskilled bulk of the population. He attracted the bulk of Africa's Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and made South Africa the focal point of African growth. He was the architect of NEPAD whose aim is to develop an integrated socio-economic development framework for Africa. He also oversaw the successful building of economic bridges to BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) nations with the eventual formation of the India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA) Dialogue Forum to \"further political consultation and co-ordination as well as strengthening sectoral co-operation, and economic relations\".Mbeki mediated in issues on the African continent including: Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ivory Coast, and some important peace agreements. Mbeki oversaw the transition from the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) to the African Union (AU). His \"quiet diplomacy\" in Zimbabwe, however, is blamed for protracting the survival of Robert Mugabe's regime at the cost of thousands of lives and intense economic pressure on Zimbabwe's neighbours. He became a vocal leader of the Non-Aligned Movement in the United Nations, and, while leveraging South Africa's seat on the Security Council, he agitated for reform of that body.Mbeki has received worldwide criticism for his stance on AIDS. He questions the link between HIV and AIDS, and believes that the correlation between poverty and the AIDS rate in Africa was a challenge to the viral theory of AIDS. His fate was not helped by Health Minister Manto Tshabalala-Msimang and the overhaul of the pharmaceutical industry in South Africa. His ban of antiretroviral drugs in public hospitals is estimated to be responsible for the premature deaths of between 330,000 and 365,000 people.\n\n", "Q366570": "Jazeh Tabatabai (Persian: \u0698\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u064a\u200e) (1931 \u2013 February 9, 2008) was an Iranian avant-garde painter, poet, and sculptor.Tabatabai received over 10 major international awards for his paintings and sculptures. He was the founder and director of the Iran Modern Art Gallery in Tehran, Iran.Tabatabai's present fame is mostly due to his creative figures and metal sculptures which he assembled with parts from old machinery and cars. His style is close to the Saghaneh School; milk-women and suns are repeating themes in his work. For this reason, he is cited alongside a handful of other influential Iranian artists as a pioneer of the Saghaneh School, which took form in the 80s.", "Q704664": "Yoshiko Sakurai (\u6afb\u4e95 \u3088\u3057\u3053, Sakurai Yoshiko, born 10 October 1945, Hanoi, French Indochina) is a Japanese journalist, TV presenter, and writer. She is also president of the Japan Institute for National Fundamentals, established in 2007.", "Q447097": "Carry van Bruggen (1 January 1881 \u2013 16 November 1932) was a Dutch writer. She also wrote under the name Justine Abbing.One of 16 children of Izak de Haan and Betje Rubens, she was born Caroline Lea de Haan in Smilde and grew up in Zaandam, later studying to become a teacher. Her family was Orthodox Jewish, which she found stifling. She was the sister of writer Jacob Isra\u00ebl de Haan. She married Kees van Bruggen, a socialist, in 1904. She went with her husband to the Dutch East Indies and began writing for the newspapers there. They returned to Amsterdam in 1907 where van Bruggen continued writing for various publications. The couple divorced in 1917; she moved to Laren. In 1920, she married the historian Aart Pit. This was a happier marriage but, after 1928, she frequently suffered from depression and spent time in psychiatric hospitals.Although supportive of feminist issues, she was skeptical of the feminist movements of her time. Similarly, she had an uneasy relationship with the literary establishment, developing her own writing style and stepping outside of prevailing literary traditions. Her contribution to the development of Dutch literature was only truly recognized after her death.Van Bruggen died in Laren at the age of 51 from an overdose of sleeping pills.", "Q1251867": "Douglas Anderson Supernaw (born September 26, 1960) is an American country music artist. After several years performing as a local musician throughout the state of Texas, he signed with BNA Records in 1993.\nSupernaw has released four studio albums: Red and Rio Grande (1993), Deep Thoughts from a Shallow Mind (1994), You Still Got Me (1995), and Fadin' Renegade (1999), as well as two compilation albums, 1997's The Encore Collection, and 2017's Greatest Hits. Between 1993 and 1996, he charted 11 singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, including \"I Don't Call Him Daddy\", a Number One single in late 1993.", "Q184559": "Arteriosclerosis is the thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries. This process gradually restricts the blood flow to one's organs and tissues and can lead to severe health risks brought on by atherosclerosis, which is a specific form of arteriosclerosis caused by the buildup of fatty plaques, cholesterol, and some other substances in and on the artery walls. It can be brought on by smoking, a bad diet, or many genetic factors. Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, with multiple genetic and environmental contributions. Genetic-epidemiologic studies have identified a surprisingly long list of genetic and non-genetic risk factors for CAD. However, such studies indicate that family history is the most significant independent risk factor.", "Q111998": "Aloys Joseph Kamill Leopold Michael Anton Maria, Prince of L\u00f6wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, full German name: Aloys Joseph Kamill Leopold Michael Anton Maria, F\u00fcrst zu L\u00f6wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (15 September 1871, Kleinheubach, Kingdom of Bavaria \u2013 25 January 1952, Schloss Bronnbach, Bronnbach, Wertheim am Main, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, West Germany) was a German politician and the President of the Central Committee of German Catholics. Aloys was a member of the House of L\u00f6wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg and was Prince of L\u00f6wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg from his father's abdication in 1908 until his death on 25 January 1952.\n\n", "Q64457": "Birmenstorf is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q471531": "Extreme Ghostbusters is an American animated television series, a follow-up to the animated series The Real Ghostbusters. It is a part of the Ghostbusters franchise. The series originally aired on the Syndicated BKN block in 1997, and features a team of younger college-level Ghostbusters who are led by veteran Ghostbuster Egon Spengler. In some TV listings, the show was called Ghostbusters Dark.", "Q117331": "Diebold Schilling the Younger (before 1460 - 3 November 1515(?)) was the author of the \"Luzerner Schilling\", one of the Swiss illustrated chronicles, which he presented to the city council of Lucerne on 15 January 1513 (but which remained incomplete). He was the nephew of Diebold Schilling the Elder of Berne. The younger Diebold was a somewhat scandalous figure, not unlike his father Hans, brother to the elder Diebold, an adventurer who had sought his fortune at the court of Matthias Corvinus, and returned destitute in 1488. Diebold was a secretary in Lucerne from 1479, and received the priesthood in 1481. His behaviour was so unpriestly, however, that the city council locked him into the tower in 1487, where he remained imprisoned for two years before he was released on parole of exhibiting more appropriate behaviour in the future. After his release he was soon back to his old ways, and after he had killed a man after a tavern brawl, he was fined and obliged to read a mass for his victim every year. Diebold was fiercely anti-French, and he accused the Bernese in particular, as well as his fellow chronicler Petermann Etterlin because of their friendly attitude towards France. Diebold's own sympathies lay with the German emperor Maximilian I, who personally invited him to the Reichstag in Konstanz in 1507. As an author, Diebold's most important contribution to the historiography of his times is his account of the years 1507\u20131509, the events of which he tells in his own words as an eye-witness.", "Q223992": "Wesley Earl Craven (August 2, 1939 \u2013 August 30, 2015) was an American film director, writer, producer, and actor. He was known for his pioneering work in the genre of horror films, particularly slasher films, where he mixed horror cliches with humor and satire. His impact on the genre was considered prolific and influential. Due to the success and cultural impact of his works in the horror film genre, Craven has been called a \"Master of Horror\".He is best known for creating A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) and Scream (1996), featuring the characters of Freddy Krueger, Nancy Thompson, Ghostface, and Sidney Prescott. His other notable films include The Last House on the Left (1972), The Hills Have Eyes (1977), Swamp Thing (1982), The Serpent and the Rainbow (1988), Shocker (1989), The People Under the Stairs (1991), Vampire in Brooklyn (1995), Music of the Heart (1999), and Red Eye (2005).", "Q151364": "Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonss\u00f8n Quisling (; Norwegian: [\u02c8v\u026a\u0300dk\u0289n \u02c8kv\u026a\u0300sl\u026a\u014b] (listen); 18 July 1887 \u2013 24 October 1945) was a Norwegian military officer and politician who nominally headed the government of Norway during the occupation of the country by Nazi Germany during World War II. He first came to international prominence as a close collaborator of explorer Fridtjof Nansen, organizing humanitarian relief during the Russian famine of 1921 in Povolzhye. He was posted as a Norwegian diplomat to the Soviet Union, and for some time also managed British diplomatic affairs there. He returned to Norway in 1929, and served as Minister of Defence in the governments of Peder Kolstad (1931\u201332) and Jens Hundseid (1932\u201333), representing the Farmers' Party.\nIn 1933, Quisling left the Farmers' Party and founded the fascist party Nasjonal Samling (National Union). Although he achieved some popularity after his attacks on the political left, his party failed to win any seats in the Storting and by 1940 it was still little more than peripheral. On 9 April 1940, with the German invasion of Norway in progress, he attempted to seize power in the world's first radio-broadcast coup d'\u00e9tat, but failed after the Germans refused to support his government. From 1942 to 1945 he served as Prime Minister of Norway, heading the Norwegian state administration jointly with the German civilian administrator Josef Terboven. His pro-Nazi puppet government, known as the Quisling regime, was dominated by ministers from Nasjonal Samling. The collaborationist government participated in Germany's genocidal Final Solution.\nQuisling was put on trial during the legal purge in Norway after World War II. He was found guilty of charges including embezzlement, murder and high treason against the Norwegian state, and was sentenced to death. He was executed by firing squad at Akershus Fortress, Oslo, on 24 October 1945. The word \"quisling\" became a byword for \"collaborator\" or \"traitor\" in several languages, reflecting the contempt with which Quisling's conduct has been regarded, both at the time and since his death.", "Q274612": "Janice Baird (born 10 January 1963) is an American dramatic soprano, best known for her interpretation of Wagner and Strauss. Baird was born in New York City.", "Q65991": "W\u00e4ldi is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q2475016": "Uli Sigg (born 1946) is a Swiss businessman, diplomat and art collector. He served as the Swiss Ambassador to China, North Korea and Mongolia from 1995 to 1998. He serves as the vice chairman of Ringier, the largest media company in Switzerland. He made a large donation of contemporary Chinese art to the Hong Kong-based M+ museum in 2012.", "Q63338": "Robert Spaemann (5 May 1927 \u2013 10 December 2018) was a German Roman Catholic philosopher. He is considered a member of the Ritter School.\nSpaemann's focus was on Christian ethics. He was known for his work in bioethics, ecology, and human rights. Although not yet widely translated into languages other than his native German, Spaemann was internationally known and his work is highly regarded by Pope Benedict XVI.", "Q790763": "Barrington Ainsworth Levy (born 30 April 1964) is a Jamaican reggae and dancehall artist.", "Q451839": "Nancy Ann Grace (born October 23, 1959) is an American legal commentator and television journalist. She was the host of Nancy Grace from 2005 to 2016, which was a nightly celebrity news and current affairs show on HLN, and she was the host of Court TV's Closing Arguments (1996\u20132007) as well. She also co-wrote the book Objection!: How High-Priced Defense Attorneys, Celebrity Defendants, and a 24/7 Media Have Hijacked Our Criminal Justice System. Grace was also the arbiter of Swift Justice with Nancy Grace in the syndicated courtroom reality show's first season.\nGrace was formerly a prosecutor in a local district attorney's office in Atlanta, Georgia. She frequently discusses issues from what she describes as a victims' rights standpoint, with an outspoken style that has brought her both praise and criticism.", "Q357961": "Samuel Pierpont Langley (August 22, 1834 \u2013 February 27, 1906) was an American astronomer, physicist, inventor of the bolometer and aviation pioneer.", "Q69173": "Dorothea R\u00f6schmann (born 17 June 1967 in Flensburg) is a German operatic soprano.", "Q276005": "Charlotte Lucy Gainsbourg (French pronunciation: [\u0283a\u0281l\u0254t \u0261\u025b\u0303sbu\u0281] (listen); born 21 July 1971) is an English-French actress and singer-songwriter. She is the daughter of English actress Jane Birkin and French singer and songwriter Serge Gainsbourg. After making her musical debut with her father on the song \"Lemon Incest\" at the age of 12, she released an album with her father at the age of 15. More than 20 years passed before she released albums as an adult (5:55, IRM, Stage Whisper and Rest) to commercial and critical success. Gainsbourg has also appeared in many films, including several directed by Lars von Trier, and has received both a C\u00e9sar Award and the Cannes Film Festival Best Actress Award.", "Q261579": "Lucy Punch (born 30 December 1977) is an English actress. She has appeared in films such as Ella Enchanted, Hot Fuzz, Bad Teacher, You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger, Dinner for Schmucks, and Into the Woods. She is also known for her role as Wendy in Stand Up Guys, and Esm\u00e9 Squalor in A Series of Unfortunate Events.", "Q66240": "Zunzgen is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q324757": "Mickey Leroy Gilley (born March 9, 1936) is an American country music singer and musician. Although he started out singing straight-up country and western material in the 1970s, he moved towards a more pop-friendly sound in the 1980s, bringing him further success on not just the country charts, but the pop charts as well.\nAmong his biggest hits are \"Room Full of Roses,\" \"Don't the Girls All Get Prettier at Closing Time,\" and the remake of the Soul hit \"Stand by Me\". Gilley has charted 42 singles in the top 40 on the US Country chart. He is a cousin of Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl McVoy, Jim Gilley and Jimmy Swaggart.", "Q325449": "Primo Carnera (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8pri\u02d0mo kar\u02c8n\u025b\u02d0ra]; 26 October 1906 \u2013 29 June 1967), nicknamed the Ambling Alp, was an Italian professional boxer and wrestler who reigned as the boxing World Heavyweight Champion from 29 June 1933 to 14 June 1934. He has won more fights by knockout than any other heavyweight champion in boxing history.", "Q207824": "Louis Cachet (born Kristian Vikernes, 11 February 1973), professionally known as Varg Vikernes (Norwegian: [\u02c8v\u0251r\u0261 \u02c8v\u00ec\u02d0k\u0259\u0273e\u02d0s]), is a Norwegian musician, writer, and convicted murderer. In 1991, he founded the one-man music project Burzum, which became one of the most influential black metal acts. In 1994, he was convicted of murder and arson, and subsequently served 15 years in prison.A native of Bergen, Vikernes spent part of his childhood in Iraq, where his father was working for the Iraqi government. He began playing guitar at the age of 14 and formed his first band, Kalashnikov, within the next two years. After founding Burzum he became part of the early Norwegian black metal scene. In 1992, Vikernes along with other members of the scene were suspected of burning down four Christian churches in Norway. He denied responsibility for the arsons, though he supported them. By early 1993, he had recorded four albums as Burzum and another with fellow black metal band Mayhem.\nIn August 1993, Vikernes fatally stabbed Mayhem guitarist Euronymous during an altercation at the latter's apartment, and was arrested shortly after. In May 1994, Vikernes was convicted of first-degree murder, church arson and possession of explosives, and sentenced to 21 years in prison. He said the killing was self-defense and unsuccessfully argued for the charge to be reduced to voluntary manslaughter. During his incarceration, Vikernes launched the Norwegian Heathen Front, had two books published, and released two ambient albums as Burzum. Vikernes also started a blog which, in the words of a Rolling Stone writer, \"endorsed neo-Nazi views and contains rants against Muslims and Jews\". Vikernes openly embraced Nazism during the 1990s; he has since disowned the ideology and its associated movements, although his views remain on the far-right. He calls his beliefs \"Odalism\" and advocates a \"pre-industrial European pagan society\".Having served 15 years of his sentence, Vikernes was released on parole in early 2009. He changed his legal name to Louis Cachet to avoid difficulties with the public, but still goes by Varg Vikernes in daily life. After his release, he moved to France with his wife and children, where he has continued his musical and writing career. He was also an active video blogger on his YouTube channel ThuleanPerspective.", "Q380787": "Ali Ahmad Said Esber (North Levantine: [\u02c8\u0295ali \u02c8\u0294a\u0127mad sa\u02c8\u0295i\u02d0d \u02c8\u0294esbe\u027e]; born 1 January 1930), also known by the pen name Adonis or Adunis (Arabic: \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u200e [\u0294ado\u02d0\u02c8ni\u02d0s]), is a Syrian poet, essayist and translator. He led a modernist revolution in the second half of the 20th century, \"exerting a seismic influence\" on Arabic poetry comparable to T.S. Eliot's in the anglophone world.Adonis's publications include twenty volumes of poetry and thirteen of criticism. His dozen books of translation to Arabic include the poetry of Saint-John Perse and Yves Bonnefoy, and the first complete Arabic translation of Ovid's \"Metamorphoses\" (2002). His multi-volume anthology of Arabic poetry (\"D\u012bw\u0101n ash-shi'r al-'arab\u012b\"), covering almost two millennia of verse, has been in print since its publication in 1964.\nA perennial contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature, Adonis has been described as the greatest living poet of the Arab world.", "Q374160": "NEWS is a four-member Japanese band consisting of Keiichiro Koyama, Takahisa Masuda, Shigeaki Kato and Yuya Tegoshi. The group's name is an acronym based on the cardinal directions (North, East, West, South). Formed in 2003 by Johnny Kitagawa as a nine-member group under the label Johnny's Entertainment, NEWS released a promotional single \"NEWS Nippon\" (News \u30cb\u30c3\u30dd\u30f3, News Japan), which was used for the World Cup of Volleyball Championships. In 2004, Takahiro Moriuchi (present-day Taka of One Ok Rock) left the group and the remaining eight members released their debut single, \"Kib\u014d: Yell\" (\u5e0c\u671b ~Yell~, Hope ~Yell~), which debuted atop the Oricon charts.\nIn 2006, the group released their fifth consecutive number-one single, \"Sayaend\u014d/Hadashi no Cinderella Boy\" (\u30b5\u30e4\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30a6/\u88f8\u8db3\u306e\u30b7\u30f3\u30c7\u30ec\u30e9\u30dc\u30fc\u30a4, Sayaend\u014d/Hadashi no Shinderera B\u014di, Peas/Barefoot Cinderella Boy), as a six-member group due to the controversy surrounding then-members Hiroki Uchi and Hironori Kusano. After a brief hiatus, they released their seventh number-one single, \"Hoshi o Mezashite\" (\u661f\u3092\u3081\u3056\u3057\u3066, lit. Aim for the Stars). In 2008, they performed at the Tokyo Dome for the first time, and released their tenth single, \"Happy Birthday\", which made NEWS the second Japanese group after label-mates KinKi Kids to have ten consecutive number-one singles since their debut. NEWS became a quartet following the departures of Ryo Nishikido and Tomohisa Yamashita from the group in 2011.", "Q4068880": "Christopher Douglas Stewart (born July 15, 1960) is an American politician, author, and businessman, who currently represents Utah's 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives. He is also known for his bestsellers Seven Miracles That Saved America and The Miracle of Freedom: Seven Tipping Points That Saved the World, as well as his series, The Great and Terrible.\nStewart graduated from Utah State University in 1984 before joining the United States Air Force. Later, Stewart began writing novels and became the President and CEO of the Shipley Group.\nStewart is a member of the Republican Party. His time in Congress has been marked by his efforts to defund or repeal the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), his denial of climate change, and his vigorous defense of President Donald Trump.", "Q464882": "Henri \u00c9douard Tresca (12 October 1814 \u2013 21 June 1885) was a French mechanical engineer, and a professor at the Conservatoire National des Arts et M\u00e9tiers in Paris.", "Q882742": "The Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums (translation: Academic School of the Johanneum, short: Johanneum) is a Gymnasium (or Grammar School ) in Hamburg, Germany. It is Hamburg's oldest school and was founded in 1529 by Johannes Bugenhagen. The school's focus is on the teaching of Latin and ancient Greek. It is proud of having educated some of Germany's political leaders as well as some of Germany's notable scientists. The school is operated and financed by the city of Hamburg.", "Q270474": "The Stadio Artemio Franchi is a football stadium in Florence, Italy. It is currently the home of ACF Fiorentina. The stadium was temporarily used as the host of Italy's Six Nations matches from 2012. The old nickname of the stadium was \"Comunale.\" When it was first constructed, it was known as the Stadio Giovanni Berta, after Florentine fascist Giovanni Berta.\nThe stadium was officially opened on 13 September 1931 with a match between Fiorentina and Admira Wien (1\u20130), though it took until 1932 for the stadium to be completely finished and currently holds 47,282. The architect is Pier Luigi Nervi (known for the Nervi Hall in the Vatican) and it is one of the most relevant examples of 20th-century architecture in the city. It hosted some of the matches of the 1934 World Cup, as well as football preliminaries for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. In 1945, it hosted the Spaghetti Bowl between American service teams.\nThe stadium is built entirely of reinforced concrete with a 70-meter (230 ft) tower that bears the stadium's flagstaff. The tower is called the \"Tower of Marathon\". Around the base of the tower, spiral ramps lead from the ground floor to the upper edge of the grandstand. It was originally called the \"Comunale\" but was renamed after the former FIGC president, Artemio Franchi, in 1991. The stadium underwent renovations for the 1990 FIFA World Cup which included removing the running track and increasing the seating capacity. At the World Cup, the ground hosted three matches in Group A and Argentina's penalty shootout win over Yugoslavia in the quarter-finals.The official record attendance is 58,271 on 25 November 1984, at a Serie A match between Fiorentina and Internazionale.", "Q709354": "Arthur Fields (August 6, 1884 \u2013 March 29, 1953) was an American singer (baritone) and songwriter.", "Q1822083": "Sir Lewis Thomas Casson MC (26 October 1875 \u2013 16 May 1969) was an English actor and theatre director, and the husband of actress Dame Sybil Thorndike.", "Q4721771": "Alf Tande-Petersen, nicknamed Tande-P (born 9 October 1950), is a Norwegian television personality, journalist, writer and businessperson. In his early career he wrote for newspapers and was a radio presenter, and he has released books in several genres, mostly humor and crime novels. He was also behind various revues and stage shows. As a television presenter he was very successful, peaking in 1992 with the show Tande-P\u00e5 programmet which at times was viewed by almost half of Norway's population. He also had a business venture as a restaurant owner, but after three years the companies went bankrupt.", "Q67638": "Ober\u00f6sch is a former municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Ober\u00f6sch and Nieder\u00f6sch merged into Ersigen.", "Q465222": "Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn (born 1949) is a Filipino playwright, writer, poet, and multimedia performance artist. \n\n", "Q867916": "Octavio Frias de Oliveira (August 5, 1912 in Rio de Janeiro \u2013 April 29, 2007 in S\u00e3o Paulo) was a Brazilian businessman who gained recognition for turning newspaper Folha de S. Paulo \u2013 acquired by himself and partner Carlos Caldeira in August 1962 \u2013 into one of the most influential Brazilian media organizations. The newspaper became the cornerstone for a conglomerate called Grupo Folha.", "Q239074": "Sepultura (Portuguese: [\u02ccsepu\u026b\u02c8tu\u027e\u0250], \"grave\") is a Brazilian heavy metal band from Belo Horizonte. Formed in 1984 by brothers Max and Igor Cavalera, the band was a major force in the groove metal, thrash metal and death metal genres during the late 1980s and early 1990s, with their later experiments drawing influence from alternative metal, world music, nu metal, hardcore punk, and industrial metal. Sepultura has also been credited as one of the second wave of thrash metal acts from the late 1980s to early-to-mid-1990s, along with bands like Pantera, Testament, Sacred Reich, Dark Angel, Vio-lence, Forbidden, Death Angel and Machine Head.The band has had several lineup changes throughout its existence, with Max and Igor Cavalera departing in 1996 and 2006, respectively. Sepultura's current lineup consists of vocalist Derrick Green, guitarist Andreas Kisser, bassist Paulo Jr. and drummer Eloy Casagrande. Since Igor Cavalera's departure in 2006, there have been no original members left in the band. Paulo Jr., who has been a member of Sepultura since 1985, is the only member to appear on every release. Kisser, who replaced onetime guitarist Jairo Guedz, debuted on record with Sepultura on their second full-length Schizophrenia (1987); he and Paulo Jr. are the only members to appear on the rest of the band's studio albums.\nSepultura has released fifteen studio albums to date, the latest being Quadra (2020). Their most successful records are Beneath the Remains (1989), Arise (1991), Chaos A.D. (1993) and Roots (1996). Sepultura has sold over three million units in the United States and almost 20 million worldwide, gaining multiple gold and platinum records around the globe, including in countries as diverse as France, Australia, Indonesia, United States, Cyprus and their native Brazil.\n\n", "Q60157": "Crayon Pop (Hangul: \ud06c\ub808\uc6a9\ud31d) is a South Korean girl group formed under Chrome Entertainment in 2012. The group consists of four members: Geummi, Ellin, Choa, and Way. Their fifth member, Soyul, left the group in 2017. Crayon Pop officially debuted in July 2012 with their performance of \"Saturday Night\" on Mnet's M! Countdown. Their first EP was not a commercial success, and when their song \"Dancing Queen\" was released in October, the group had few opportunities to promote on music shows. Instead they held guerrilla performances on the streets of Seoul, which helped increase their fanbase.\nCrayon Pop gained a huge increase in popularity following the release of their single album \"Bar Bar Bar\" in June 2013. The group's unique stage outfits and choreography gained public attention, and made the title song a viral hit. It eventually managed to reach number 1 on Billboard's K-Pop Hot 100. Crayon Pop was able to earn numerous awards, including the New Rising Star Award at the Golden Disk Awards, the Hot Trend Award at the MelOn Music Awards, and Best New Female Artist at the Mnet Asian Music Awards.\nThe group has held solo concerts in South Korea, Japan and Taiwan, and has also performed in other countries including Australia and China. Throughout June and July 2014, the group was an opening act Lady Gaga's ArtRave: The Artpop Ball concert tour. Crayon Pop performed for it in 12 cities around the United States and Canada. Following their appearance in the Artpop tour, the group debuted their first subunit in October. The unit is named Strawberry Milk, and consists of the twin members Choa and Way. In March 2015, Crayon Pop released their second mini album FM, for which they used Super Sentai inspired costumes.\nThey released the song \"RaRiRuRe\" in June of that same year, which was their debut in the Japanese music market. The group continued their Japanese promotions with their second single \"Dancing All Night\" in November. Their first Japanese studio album Crayon Pop was released January 2016, and it ranked #11 on Oricon's Daily Album Charts. Crayon Pop collaborated with Mexican boy band CD9 in August, to release the song \"Get Dumb\". In September, Crayon Pop released the song \"Vroom Vroom\" ahead of their first album Crayon Pop Evolution Pop Vol. 1. They soon released the music video for \"Doo Doom Chit\", another song that would feature on the track list of the album.\nOn 19 April 2017, the group announced their contracts with Chrome Media had ended in March and they had gone their separate ways, although they would not be officially disbanding. On 30 May, it was revealed that Way, Choa, Geummi and Ellin would continue to promote as Crayon Pop under Chrome Entertainment, but Soyul had chosen to leave the group.\n\n", "Q236347": "Nicola Peltz (born January 9, 1995) is an American actress. Her breakthrough role came when she played Katara in the 2010 film The Last Airbender. From 2013 to 2015, she co-starred as Bradley Martin in the A&E drama series Bates Motel. In 2014, she starred as Tessa Yeager in the fourth Transformers film, Transformers: Age of Extinction.", "Q324031": "Francis Amasa Walker (July 2, 1840 \u2013 January 5, 1897) was an American economist, statistician, journalist, educator, academic administrator, and military officer in the Union Army.\nWalker was born into a prominent Boston family, the son of the economist and politician Amasa Walker, and he graduated from Amherst College at the age of 20. He received a commission to join the 15th Massachusetts Infantry and quickly rose through the ranks as an assistant adjutant general. Walker fought in the Peninsula Campaign and was wounded at the Battle of Chancellorsville but subsequently participated in the Bristoe, Overland, and Richmond-Petersburg Campaigns before being captured by Confederate forces and held at the infamous Libby Prison. In July 1866, he was nominated by President Andrew Johnson and confirmed by the United States Senate for the award of the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general United States Volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, when he was age 24.Following the war, Walker served on the editorial staff of the Springfield Republican before using his family and military connections to gain appointment as the Chief of the Bureau of Statistics from 1869 to 1870 and Superintendent of the 1870 census where he published an award-winning Statistical Atlas visualizing the data for the first time. He joined Yale University's Sheffield Scientific School as a professor of political economy in 1872 and rose to international prominence serving as a chief member of the 1876 Philadelphia Exposition, American representative to the 1878 International Monetary Conference, President of the American Statistical Association in 1882, and inaugural President of the American Economic Association in 1886, and vice president of the National Academy of Sciences in 1890. Walker also led the 1880 census which resulted in a twenty-two volume census, cementing Walker's reputation as the nation's preeminent statistician.\nAs an economist, Walker debunked the wage-fund doctrine and engaged in a prominent scholarly debate with Henry George on land, rent, and taxes. Walker argued in support of bimetallism and although he was an opponent of the nascent socialist movement, he argued that obligations existed between the employer and the employed. He published his International Bimetallism at the height of the 1896 presidential election campaign in which economic issues were prominent. Walker was a prolific writer, authoring ten books on political economy and military history. In recognition of his contributions to economic theory, beginning in 1947, the American Economic Association recognized the lifetime achievement of an individual economist with a \"Francis A. Walker Medal\".\nWalker accepted the presidency of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1881, a position he held for fifteen years until his death. During his tenure, he placed the institution on more stable financial footing by aggressively fund-raising and securing grants from the Massachusetts government, implemented many curricular reforms, oversaw the launch of new academic programs, and expanded the size of the Boston campus, faculty, and student enrollments. MIT's Walker Memorial Hall, a former students' clubhouse and one of the original buildings on the Charles River campus, was dedicated to him in 1916.", "Q61249": "Petra Roth (born 9 May 1944 in Bremen) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). She was the mayor of Frankfurt am Main from 1995 to 2012. In addition she twice served as president of the Deutscher St\u00e4dtetag, resuming her previous post there in 2009. The group is the head organization and lobby group for all German cities vis-\u00e0-vis the Cabinet of Germany, the German Bundestag, the Bundesrat of Germany, the European Union (EU) and many organizations.", "Q700370": "The Mists of Avalon is a 2001 miniseries based on the 1983 novel of the same name by Marion Zimmer Bradley. Produced by American cable channel TNT, adapted by Gavin Scott, and directed by Uli Edel, the series is a retelling of the Arthurian legend with an emphasis on the perspectives of Morgan le Fay and other women of the tale. The first episode was the highest-rated original movie on basic cable in the summer of 2001.", "Q840371": "Ed Mann is a musician who has been \"a drummer and piano dabbler since childhood.\" He is best known for his mallet percussion performances onstage with Frank Zappa's ensemble from 1977 to 1988, and his appearances on over 30 of Zappa's albums, both studio recordings and with Zappa's band live. Mann also has released a number of CDs as a bandleader and composer.", "Q820": "Juan Antonio R\u00edos Morales (American Spanish: [xwan an\u02c8tonjo \u02c8ri.os]; November 10, 1888 \u2013 June 27, 1946) was a Chilean political figure. He was President of Chile from 1942 to 1946, during the height of World War II. He died in office.", "Q125383": "Chantal Gallad\u00e9 (born 17 December 1972 in Winterthur) is a Swiss politician, represented the Canton of Z\u00fcrich in the Swiss National Council as member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP) from December 2003 until December 2018.\n\n", "Q547097": "Lani Hall (born November 1, 1945) is an American singer, lyricist, author, and the wife of Herb Alpert. From 1966 to 1971 she performed as lead vocalist for S\u00e9rgio Mendes & Brasil '66. In 1972 she released her first solo album Sundown Lady, with many more soon to follow. But, she may be best known for providing the most-recognizable (female) face and (female) vocal signature sound to Sergio's group during her tenure there, and for her rendition of the theme song to the 1983 James Bond film Never Say Never Again, with its accompanying video, in which she prominently appears. In 1986 she was awarded her first Grammy Award for Es F\u00e1cil Amar as \"Best Latin Pop Performance.\" After that year she largely retired, resurfacing in 1998 with the solo album Brasil Nativo. She has the distinction of recording over 22 albums in three different languages and has released three albums, Anything Goes, I Feel You and Steppin' Out, on which she performs alongside her husband Herb Alpert. She received her second Grammy Award in 2013 as producer for the album, Steppin' Out.", "Q230736": "Mary Sean Young (born November 20, 1959) is an American actress. She is best known for her performances in the films Stripes (1981), Blade Runner (1982), Dune (1984), No Way Out (1987), Wall Street (1987), Cousins (1989), Fatal Instinct (1993), Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1994), and Blade Runner 2049 (2017).", "Q11976": "Lorenzo Batlle Pacheco (4 March 1897 \u2013 3 December 1954) was a Uruguayan political figure and journalist.", "Q435415": "Lillian Russell (born Helen Louise Leonard; December 4, 1860/1861 \u2013 June 6, 1922), was an American actress and singer. She became one of the most famous actresses and singers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, known for her beauty and style, as well as for her voice and stage presence.\nRussell was born in Clinton, Iowa, but raised in Chicago. Her parents separated when she was 18, and she moved to New York with her mother. She began to perform professionally by 1879, singing for Tony Pastor and playing roles in comic opera, including Gilbert and Sullivan works. Composer Edward Solomon created roles in several of his comic operas for her in London. In 1884, they returned to New York and married in 1885, but in 1886, Solomon was arrested for bigamy. For many years, she was the foremost singer of operettas and musical theatre in the United States, performing continuously through the end of the 19th century.\nIn 1899, she joined the Weber and Fields' Music Hall, where she starred for five years. After 1904, she began to have vocal difficulties and switched to dramatic roles. She later returned to musical roles in vaudeville and retired from performing around 1919. Russell was married four times, but her longest relationship was with Diamond Jim Brady, who supported her extravagant lifestyle for four decades. In later years, she wrote a newspaper column, advocated women's suffrage, was a popular lecturer, and contributed to the passage of the restrictive Immigration Act of 1924.", "Q188411": "Bernard of Clairvaux (Latin: Bernardus Claraevallensis; 1090 \u2013 20 August 1153) was a French abbot and a major leader in the revitalization of Benedictine monasticism through the nascent Order of Cistercians.\nHe was sent to found a new abbey at an isolated clearing in a glen known as the Val d'Absinthe, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southeast of Bar-sur-Aube. According to tradition, Bernard founded the monastery on 25 June 1115, naming it Claire Vall\u00e9e, which evolved into Clairvaux. There Bernard preached an immediate faith, in which the intercessor was the Virgin Mary. In the year 1128, Bernard attended the Council of Troyes, at which he traced the outlines of the Rule of the Knights Templar, which soon became the ideal of Christian nobility.\nOn the death of Pope Honorius II on 13 February 1130, a schism arose in the church. King Louis VI of France convened a national council of the French bishops at \u00c9tampes in 1130, and Bernard was chosen to judge between the rivals for pope. By the end of 1131, the kingdoms of France, England, Germany, Portugal, Castile, and Aragon supported Pope Innocent II; however, most of Italy, southern France, and Sicily, with the Latin patriarchs of Constantinople, Antioch, and Jerusalem supported Antipope Anacletus II. Bernard set out to convince these other regions to rally behind Innocent.\nIn 1139, Bernard assisted at the Second Council of the Lateran. He subsequently denounced the teachings of Peter Abelard to the pope, who called a council at Sens in 1141 to settle the matter. Bernard soon saw one of his disciples elected Pope Eugene III. Having previously helped end the schism within the church, Bernard was now called upon to combat heresy. In June 1145, Bernard traveled in southern France and his preaching there helped strengthen support against heresy. He preached at the Council of V\u00e9zelay (1146) to recruit for the Second Crusade.\nAfter the Christian defeat at the Siege of Edessa, the pope commissioned Bernard to preach the Second Crusade. The last years of Bernard's life were saddened by the failure of the crusaders, the entire responsibility for which was thrown upon him. Bernard died at the age of 63, after 40 years as a monk. He was the first Cistercian placed on the calendar of saints, and was canonized by Pope Alexander III on 18 January 1174. In 1830 Pope Pius VIII bestowed upon Bernard the title \"Doctor of the Church\".", "Q182882": "John James Audubon (born Jean Rabin; April 26, 1785 \u2013 January 27, 1851) was an American ornithologist, naturalist, and painter. He was notable for his extensive studies documenting all types of American birds and for his detailed illustrations that depicted the birds in their natural habitats. His major work, a color-plate book entitled The Birds of America (1827\u20131839), is considered one of the finest ornithological works ever completed. Audubon is also known for having identified 25 new species.\n\n", "Q204493": "The Farm Security Administration (FSA) was a New Deal agency created in 1937 to combat rural poverty during the Great Depression in the United States. It succeeded the Resettlement Administration (1935\u20131937).The FSA is famous for its small but highly influential photography program, 1935\u201344, that portrayed the challenges of rural poverty. The photographs in the Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Photograph Collection form an extensive pictorial record of American life between 1935 and 1944. This U.S. government photography project was headed for most of its existence by Roy E. Stryker, who guided the effort in a succession of government agencies: the Resettlement Administration (1935\u20131937), the Farm Security Administration (1937\u20131942), and the Office of War Information (1942\u20131944). The collection also includes photographs acquired from other governmental and non-governmental sources, including the News Bureau at the Offices of Emergency Management (OEM), various branches of the military, and industrial corporations.In total, the black-and-white portion of the collection consists of about 175,000 black-and-white film negatives, encompassing both negatives that were printed for FSA-OWI use and those that were not printed at the time. Color transparencies also made by the FSA/OWI are available in a separate section of the catalog: FSA/OWI Color Photographs.The FSA stressed \"rural rehabilitation\" efforts to improve the lifestyle of very poor landowning farmers, and a program to purchase submarginal land owned by poor farmers and resettle them in group farms on land more suitable for efficient farming.\nReactionary critics, including the Farm Bureau, strongly opposed the FSA as an alleged experiment in collectivizing agriculture\u2014that is, in bringing farmers together to work on large government-owned farms using modern techniques under the supervision of experts. After the Conservative coalition took control of Congress it transformed the FSA into a program to help poor farmers buy land, and that program continues to operate in the 21st century as the Farmers Home Administration.", "Q72553": "Heinrich Freiherr von B\u00fclow (16 September 1792, in Schwerin \u2013 6 February 1846, in Berlin) was a Prussian statesman. \nB\u00fclow, born to members of the noble B\u00fclow family, was educated at the Domschule G\u00fcstrow, then studied Law from 1810 onwards, at first in Jena, then in Heidelberg and Geneva. In 1813 he joined the Walmodensche Korps as a lieutenant and was made adjutant to the Russian colonel August Ludwig Ferdinand von Nostitz, on whose campaigns he distinguished himself several times.\nAfter the war, he dedicated himself to diplomacy, working under the minister Wilhelm von Humboldt, when the latter led the negotiations on determining the borders of the German territories in Frankfurt am Main. He followed von Humboldt to London in 1817 as embassy secretary and in 1819 to Berlin, where he took over the section for trade and maritime affairs in the Prussian Foreign Office. Here he married Wilhelm von Humboldt's younger daughter Gabriele (1802\u20131887) in 1820.\nHe was particularly successful and active in preparing the Zollverein (German Customs Union) through the conclusion of customs agreements with the neighbouring states. Also as ambassador to London, to which he was appointed in 1827, he worked to advance the Zollverein. He won the trust of the British statesmen and played a successful part in the negotiations over Belgium and the Eastern Question (1840\u201341). In autumn 1841 he was made envoy to the Bundestag in Frankfurt am Main, but already on 2 April 1842 was appointed Foreign Minister of Prussia in place of Mortimer von Maltzan. He and the Minister of War Hermann von Boyen belonged to the more liberal tendency in the cabinet, but had only a negligible influence on politics in general. B\u00fclow left the government in 1845 and retired to Tegel.", "Q1760695": "No Direction Home: Bob Dylan is a 2005 documentary film by Martin Scorsese that traces the life of Bob Dylan, and his impact on 20th-century American popular music and culture. The film focuses on the period between Dylan's arrival in New York in January 1961 and his \"retirement\" from touring following his motorcycle accident in July 1966. This period encapsulates Dylan's rise to fame as a folk singer and songwriter, and the controversy surrounding his move to a rock style of music. The title is taken from Dylan's 1965 single \"Like a Rolling Stone\".", "Q781108": "The University of Le\u00f3n is a Spanish public university with campus in Le\u00f3n and Ponferrada.\nThe germ of the university is found in 1843, when it was created the Normal School for Teachers or Masters Seminar of Public Instruction and the subaltern school of Veterinary Medicine, founded in 1852, laying the foundations of Leon future university. Founded in 1979 as a splitting of the University of Oviedo, from the various schools and colleges that depend on that, more or less existed long ago in the city of Leon.\nIn recent years the university has signed important cooperation agreements, among which the one signed with the University of Washington, which has allowed the installation in Leon of the second European Headquarters this university to learn Spanish, with capacity for 500 students, and signed with the Xiangtan University, which has led to the establishment in the city of Confucius Institute.", "Q272505": "Kathleen Freeman (February 17, 1919 \u2013 August 23, 2001) was an American film, television, voice actress, and stage actress. In a career that spanned more than 50 years, she portrayed acerbic maids, secretaries, teachers, busybodies, nurses, and battle-axe neighbors and relatives, almost invariably to comic effect.", "Q573332": "Philip Anthony Mair Heald (born August 25, 1944) is an American actor known for portraying Hannibal Lecter's jail nemesis, Dr. Frederick Chilton, in The Silence of the Lambs and Red Dragon, and for playing assistant principal Scott Guber in David E. Kelley's Boston Public.\nHeald also had a recurring role as Judge Cooper on Kelley's The Practice and Boston Legal.", "Q157073": "Mary (French: Marie; Dutch: Maria; 13 February 1457 \u2013 27 March 1482), Duchess of Burgundy, reigned over the Burgundian State, now mainly in France and the Low Countries, from 1477 until her death in a riding accident at the age of 25. \nAs the only child of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and his wife Isabella of Bourbon, she inherited the Burgundian lands upon the death of her father in the Battle of Nancy on 5 January 1477. She spent most of her reign defending her birthright; in order to counter Louis XI's appetite for her lands, she married Maximilian of Habsburg, who long after her death became Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. The marriage was a turning point in European politics, leading to a French\u2013Habsburg rivalry that would endure for centuries. Owing to the great prosperity of many of her territories, Mary was often referred to as Mary the Rich.", "Q310394": "Alan Alda (; born Alphonso Joseph D'Abruzzo; January 28, 1936) is an American actor, director, screenwriter, comedian, and author. A six-time Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award winner, he played Hawkeye Pierce in the war television series M*A*S*H (1972\u20131983). He has had recurring roles on television programs such as The West Wing, and 30 Rock, and has appeared in films such as Same Time, Next Year (1978), The Four Seasons (1981), Crimes and Misdemeanors (1989), Flirting with Disaster (1996), Bridge of Spies (2015), and Marriage Story (2019). In 2004, Alda was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in The Aviator. He is also known as Uncle Pete in Louis C.K.'s Peabody Award\u2013winning tragicomedy web series Horace and Pete.", "Q99294": "Asuman Krause (born 1 March 1976) is a German-Turkish actress, singer, model and TV presenter who was crowned Miss Turkey in 1998.\n\n", "Q428322": "In France, Quebec, New Brunswick and Sweden, the pr\u00e9sident-directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral (PDG) is the highest ranking officer in a soci\u00e9t\u00e9 anonyme (SA) operating under a single-tier board of directors, i.e., without a supervisory board. The pr\u00e9sident-directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral combines the functions of chair of the board of directors and chief executive officer (general director, or DG) within the company. The title is usually translated as simply \"president\" in English-speaking sources.\nThe PDG carries out his or her duties under the control of the assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (general assembly), which is composed of the board of directors and the shareholders.\nThese functions are sometimes performed by two separate individuals, often by one person in smaller companies. This combination of functions allows the PDG to have the widest powers:\n\nIn his or her capacity as directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, he or she is responsible for the operational management of the company;\nIn his or her capacity as chair of the board, he or she oversees the establishment of major directions in the direction of the company.The PDG has the power to bind the company vis-\u00e0-vis third parties in the interest of the company and within the limit of the company's charter.\nAccording to a study by the firm Proxinvest, published in 2018, 57.5% of CAC 40 companies are headed by a PDG, against only 10% of companies in the STOXX Europe 600 index. It is therefore a uniquely French executive management style.", "Q318910": "Interview with the Vampire is a 1994 American gothic horror drama film directed by Neil Jordan, based on Anne Rice's 1976 novel of the same name, and starring Tom Cruise and Brad Pitt. The film focuses on Lestat (Cruise) and Louis (Pitt), beginning with Louis's transformation into a vampire by Lestat in 1791. The film chronicles their time together, and their turning of ten-year-old Claudia (Kirsten Dunst) into a vampire. The narrative is framed by a present-day interview, in which Louis tells his story to a San Francisco reporter. The supporting cast features Christian Slater, Antonio Banderas, and Stephen Rea.\nThe film was released in November 1994 to generally positive reviews and was a commercial success. It received Oscar nominations for Best Art Direction and Best Original Score. Kirsten Dunst was also nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the film.", "Q918668": "Guy Francis de Moncy Burgess (16 April 1911 \u2013 30 August 1963) was a British diplomat and Soviet agent, a member of the Cambridge Five spy ring that operated from the mid-1930s to the early years of the Cold War era. His defection in 1951 to the Soviet Union, with his fellow spy Donald Maclean, led to a serious breach in Anglo-United States intelligence co-operation, and caused long-lasting disruption and demoralisation in Britain's foreign and diplomatic services.\nBorn into a wealthy middle-class family, Burgess was educated at Eton College, the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth and Trinity College, Cambridge. An assiduous networker, he embraced left-wing politics at Cambridge and joined the British Communist Party. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1935, on the recommendation of the future double-agent Kim Philby. After leaving Cambridge, Burgess worked for the BBC as a producer, briefly interrupted by a short period as a full-time MI6 intelligence officer, before joining the Foreign Office in 1944.\nAt the Foreign Office, Burgess acted as a confidential secretary to Hector McNeil, the deputy to Ernest Bevin, the Foreign Secretary. This post gave Burgess access to secret information on all aspects of Britain's foreign policy during the critical post-1945 period, and it is estimated that he passed thousands of documents to his Soviet controllers. In 1950 he was appointed second secretary to the British Embassy in Washington, a post from which he was sent home after repeated misbehaviour. Although not at this stage under suspicion, Burgess nevertheless accompanied Maclean when the latter, on the point of being unmasked, fled to Moscow in May 1951.\nBurgess's whereabouts were unknown in the West until 1956, when he appeared with Maclean at a brief press conference in Moscow, claiming that his motive had been to improve Soviet-West relations. He never left the Soviet Union; he was often visited by friends and journalists from Britain, most of whom reported on a lonely and empty existence. He remained unrepentant to the end of his life, rejecting the notion that his earlier activities represented treason. He was well provided for materially, but as a result of his lifestyle his health deteriorated, and he died in 1963. Experts have found it difficult to assess the extent of damage caused by Burgess's espionage activities, but consider that the disruption in Anglo-American relations caused by his defection was perhaps of greater value to the Soviets than any information he provided. Burgess's life has frequently been fictionalised, and dramatised in productions for screen and stage.", "Q555493": "Hiroyuki Nagato (\u9577\u9580\u88d5\u4e4b, Nagato Hiroyuki, January 10, 1934 \u2013 May 21, 2011) was the stage name of the Japanese actor Akio Kato (\u52a0\u85e4\u6643\u592b).\nHe starred in Season of the Sun, Endless Desire, My Second Brother, Stolen Desire, and Sukeban Deka, and Yo-Yo Girl Cop. He died in Tokyo on May 21 2011.", "Q280793": "Kevin Scott Nash (born July 9, 1959) is an American actor and retired professional wrestler, best known for his tenures with World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW). He has wrestled under several ring names, but is best known for his work under his real name in WCW, as well as Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and as Diesel in the WWF.\nIn 1994 while in the WWF, Nash (then known as Diesel) won the WWF World, Intercontinental and Tag Team Championships (the WWF Triple Crown) and at that year's Slammy Awards won the MVP (now Superstar of the Year) and Best Tag Team (now Tag Team of the Year, with Shawn Michaels) awards. Between WWE, WCW, and TNA, Nash has won a total of 21 championships, including being a six-time world champion (five-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion and one-time WWF Champion) and a 12-time world tag team champion between the three promotions. Nash's 358-day WWF Championship reign is the longest of the 1990s. During his time in WCW, Nash became the first wrestler to defeat Goldberg and in the process ended his undefeated streak of 173\u20130 at Starrcade in 1998. Following a college basketball career for the University of Tennessee, Nash played professionally for German Bundesliga squad Gie\u00dfen 46ers for a short time until a knee injury ended his career. \nNash was a member of The Kliq, an influential backstage group that included Shawn Michaels, Triple H, Scott Hall, and Sean Waltman. He is also one of the three founding members of the New World Order (nWo), along with Hulk Hogan and Scott Hall. Nash was inducted individually into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2015, and he will be inducted for the second time in 2020 as a member of the New World Order alongside Hogan, Hall, and Waltman.", "Q321149": "Alfred Henry \"Freddy\" Heineken (4 November 1923 \u2013 3 January 2002) was a Dutch businessman for Heineken International, the brewing company bought in 1864 by his grandfather Gerard Adriaan Heineken in Amsterdam. He served as chairman of the board of directors and CEO from 1971 until 1989. After his retirement as chairman and CEO, Heineken continued to sit on the board of directors until his death and served as chairman of the supervisory board from 1989 till 1995. At the time of his death, Heineken was one of the richest people in the Netherlands, with a net worth of 9.5 billion guilders.\n\n", "Q684702": "Henri D\u00e8s (born 14 December 1940 in Renens, Vaud, Switzerland as Henri Destraz) is a Swiss French-language children's singer and songwriter immensely popular in European Francophone countries. In 1970, he released his first album, Retour. D\u00e8s also founded his own record label, Disques Mary-Jos\u00e9e, which he named after his wife.In 1969, he won the Sopot International Song Festival.\nHe represented Switzerland in the 1970 Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"Retour\". It was placed fourth. Henri achieved another fourth place, this time in the Swiss national final for Eurovision 1976, with the song \"C'est pour la vie\".\nOn 15 March 2019 he joined striking school children in Lausanne protesting against climate change.", "Q886242": "Robert Wilkinson Furnas (May 5, 1824 \u2013 June 1, 1905) was the second Governor of Nebraska. Born near Troy, Ohio, and orphaned at the age of eight Furnas was a self-made man. He worked as a farmer, printer, tinsmith, insurance salesman, and postmaster all before getting into politics. He married Mary Elizabeth McComas on October 29, 1845, who died in 1897; and his second was Susannah Emswiler Jameson. He had eight children.", "Q203263": "Athens, officially Athens\u2013Clarke County, is a consolidated city\u2013county and college town in the U.S. state of Georgia. Athens lies about 70 mi (113 km) northeast of downtown Atlanta, a global city. The University of Georgia, the state's flagship public university and an R1 research institution, is in Athens and contributed to its initial growth. In 1991, after a vote the preceding year, the original City of Athens abandoned its charter to form a unified government with Clarke County, referred to jointly as Athens\u2013Clarke County. As of 2018, the U.S. Census Bureau's estimated population of the consolidated city-county (all of Clarke County except Winterville and a portion of Bogart) was 125,964; the entire county including Winterville and Bogart had a population of 127,064. Athens is the sixth-largest city in Georgia, and the principal city of the Athens metropolitan area, which had a 2017 estimated population of 209,271, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Metropolitan Athens is a component of the larger Atlanta\u2013Athens\u2013Clarke County\u2013Sandy Springs Combined Statistical Area, a trading area.The city is dominated by a pervasive college town culture and music scene centered in downtown Athens, next to the University of Georgia's North Campus. Major music acts associated with Athens include numerous alternative rock bands such as R.E.M., the B-52's, Widespread Panic, Drive-By Truckers and Neutral Milk Hotel. The city is also known as a recording site for such groups as the Atlanta-based Indigo Girls. The 2020 book, Cool Town: How Athens, Georgia, Launched Alternative Music and Changed American Culture, describes Athens as the model of the indie culture of the 1980s.", "Q627122": "Institut Le Rosey (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u025b\u0303stity l\u0259 \u0281oz\u025b]), commonly referred to as Le Rosey or simply Rosey, is a boarding school in Rolle, Switzerland. It was founded by Paul-\u00c9mile Carnal in 1880 on the site of the 14th-century Ch\u00e2teau du Rosey in the town of Rolle in the canton of Vaud. It is one of the oldest boarding schools in Switzerland. Le Rosey is one of the most expensive schools in the world.\nThe school also owns a campus in the ski resort village of Gstaad in the canton of Bern, to where the student body, faculty, and staff move during the months of January through March. In 2015, Christophe Gudin, the son of the fourth director of Le Rosey Philippe Gudin, became the fifth one. Kim Kovacevic is the headmaster.In 2014, Le Rosey inaugurated the Paul & Henri Carnal Hall, an arts and learning centre for Le Rosey and the La C\u00f4te region. The school is also planning the sale of its Gstaad winter campus, and a move to a location that can accommodate more personnel and students.", "Q4724796": "Ali Fathollahzade (Persian: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u062a\u062d\u200c\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u200c\u200c\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200e, born 9 January 1959 in Khoy, West Azerbaijan Province) is an Iranian businessman and football administrator, who was formerly the chairman of the Esteghlal FC. He is also managing-director of Esteghlal Javan Newspaper.", "Q921176": "Christopher Hamill (born 19 December 1958), better known by his stage name Limahl (an anagram of Hamill), is an English pop singer. He rose to fame as the lead singer of the 1980s pop group Kajagoogoo, before embarking on a briefly successful solo career, which reached its peak with the 1984 hit \"The NeverEnding Story\", the theme song for the film of the same name.", "Q1134100": "Victoria of France (French: Victoire de France; 24 June 1556 \u2013 17 August 1556) and her twin sister Joan were the last children born to King Henry II of France and his wife, Catherine de' Medici.\nTheir mother's confinement came on June 24, 1556. Although Joan died in the womb, Princess Victoria survived the birth\u2014only to die a little more than a month later.\nBecause their birth very nearly cost their mother her life, the king's physician advised the king that there should be no more children; therefore, Henry II stopped visiting his wife's bedroom and spent all his time with his longtime mistress, Diane de Poitiers.\n\n", "Q504025": "William Warren Bradley (born July 28, 1943) is an American politician and former professional basketball player. He served three terms as a Democratic U.S. Senator from New Jersey. He ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic Party's nomination for president in the 2000 election.\nBradley was born and raised in Crystal City, Missouri, a small town 45 miles (72 km) south of St. Louis. He excelled at basketball from an early age. He did well academically and was an all-county and all-state basketball player in high school. He was offered 75 college scholarships, but declined them all to attend Princeton University. He won a gold medal as a member of the 1964 Olympic basketball team and was the NCAA Player of the Year in 1965, when Princeton finished third in the NCAA Tournament. After graduating in 1965, he attended Oxford on a Rhodes Scholarship, delaying a decision for two years on whether or not to play in the National Basketball Association (NBA).\nWhile at Oxford, Bradley played one season of professional basketball in Europe and eventually decided to join the New York Knicks in the 1967\u201368 season, after serving six months in the Air Force Reserve. He spent his entire ten-year professional basketball career playing for the Knicks, winning NBA titles in 1970 and 1973. Retiring in 1977, he ran for a seat in the United States Senate the following year, from his adopted home state of New Jersey. He was re-elected in 1984 and 1990, left the Senate in 1997, and was an unsuccessful candidate for the 2000 Democratic presidential nomination.\nBradley is the author of seven non-fiction books, most recently We Can All Do Better, and hosts a weekly radio show, American Voices, on Sirius Satellite Radio. He is a corporate director of Starbucks and a partner at investment bank Allen & Company in New York City. Bradley is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One. He also serves on that group's Advisory Board.\nIn 2008 Bradley was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.", "Q120364": "Markus Dr\u00f6ge (born 16 October 1954 in Washington, D.C.) is a German theologian and was from 2009 until 2019 bishop of the Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO).", "Q367083": "Jorge Pacheco Areco (April 9, 1920 \u2013 July 29, 1998) was a Uruguayan politician and member of the Colorado Party. He served as President of Uruguay from December 6, 1967 to March 1, 1972.", "Q1776168": "The Church or Monastery of S\u00e3o Vicente de Fora; meaning \"Monastery of St. Vincent Outside the Walls\" is a 17th-century church and monastery in the city of Lisbon, Portugal. It is one of the most important monasteries and mannerist buildings in the country. The monastery also contains the royal pantheon of the Braganza monarchs of Portugal.", "Q311115": "Prof Henri Victor Regnault FRS HFRSE (21 July 1810 \u2013 19 January 1878) was a French chemist and physicist best known for his careful measurements of the thermal properties of gases. He was an early thermodynamicist and was mentor to William Thomson in the late 1840s. He never used his first given name, and was known throughout his lifetime as Victor Regnault.", "Q176122": "Marcus Antonius (born 143 BC-died 87 BC) was a Roman politician of the Antonius family and one of the most distinguished Roman orators of his time. He was also the grandfather of the famous general and triumvir, Mark Antony.", "Q649823": "Country blues (also folk blues, rural blues, backwoods blues, or downhome blues) is one of the earliest forms of blues music. The mainly solo vocal with acoustic fingerstyle guitar accompaniment developed in the rural Southern United States in the early 1900s. Artists such as Blind Lemon Jefferson (Texas), Charley Patton (Mississippi), Blind Willie McTell (Georgia) were among the first to record blues songs in the 1920s. Country blues ran parallel to urban blues, which was popular in cities.Folklorist Alan Lomax was one of the first to use the term and applied it to a field recording he made of Muddy Waters at the Stovall Plantation, Mississippi, in 1941. In 1959, music historian Samuel Charters wrote The Country Blues, an influential scholarly work on the subject. He also produced an album, also titled The Country Blues, with early recordings by Jefferson, McTell, Sleepy John Estes, Bukka White, and Robert Johnson. \nCharters's works helped to introduce the then-nearly forgotten music to the American folk music revival of the late 1950s and 1960s. The acoustic roots-focused movement also gave rise to the terms \"folk blues\" and \"acoustic blues\", especially being applied to performances and recordings made around this period. \"Country blues\" has also been used to describe regional acoustic styles, such as Delta blues, Piedmont blues, or the earliest Chicago, Texas, and Memphis blues.\n\n", "Q14991": "Georges (George) Emile L\u00e9onard Theunis (28 February 1873 \u2013 4 January 1966) was the 24th Prime Minister of Belgium from 16 December 1921 to 13 May 1925 and again from 20 November 1934 to 25 March 1935. He was governor of the National Bank of Belgium (NBB) from 1941 until 1944.\nHe received a military training and was also trained as an engineer. Georges Theunis started his career in the Empain group, where he was an administrator and later the president of the board of ACEC. During World War I, he headed the Belgian Wartime Provisions Commission in London. After the war he was involved in the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 and served as the Belgian delegate to the Reparations Commission. From 1926 until 1927 he chaired the International Economic Conference in Geneva.\nIn 1926 he joined the newly formed council of regency of the National Bank, together with Emile Francqui, and remained a member until the war, except for two breaks during his ministerial duties. As regents of the NBB, both Theunis and Francqui represented the power which the large private banks had gained since 1926. During World War II he served as a special ambassador to the United States of America. In 1941, he was appointed governor of the National Bank of Belgium by the Pierlot government in exile at London instead of Albert Goffin who had been appointed by Secretary General Charles Plisnier. On his return to Belgium after the war, he resigned as governor of the NBB.", "Q2767535": "Emilio Azc\u00e1rraga Milmo or Emilio Azc\u00e1rraga Jr. (September 6, 1930 in San Antonio, Texas - April 16, 1997 outside Miami, Florida) was a Mexican businessman and the son of Emilio Azc\u00e1rraga Vidaurreta and Laura Milmo Hickman. He was educated at Culver Military Academy, he graduated in 1948. He was married four times, to Nadine Jean, Pamela de Surmont (dead in 2001), Adriana Abascal, Miss Mexico in 1989 and most recently to Paula Cussi. He worked in various positions in television such as owner of Univision, a twelve-station Spanish-language network in the U.S., and in the 1960s and 1970s as a controlling shareholder of Televisa, S.A. He was the owner of The National, an American daily newspaper centered on sports that was published from January 31, 1990 to June 13, 1991. He also owned major Mexican television stations and was the chairman of the U.S.-based Spanish-language TV network \"Galavisi\u00f3n\". He was also involved in publishing, video rental, and real estate ventures. He died on April 16, 1997 on board his yacht ECO outside Miami. His business passed to his son Emilio Azc\u00e1rraga Jean, and daughters.", "Q11631": "An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. Although generally reserved for professional space travelers, the terms are sometimes applied to anyone who travels into space, including scientists, politicians, journalists and tourists.Until 2002, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military or by civilian space agencies. With the suborbital flight of the privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of astronaut was created: the commercial astronaut.", "Q83353": "Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, as well as their utilization.", "Q582532": "Vicent Andr\u00e9s Estell\u00e9s (Valencian pronunciation: [bi\u02c8s\u025bn an\u02c8d\u027ees este\u02c8\u028ees]; 4 September 1924 in Burjassot, Valencia \u2013 27 March 1993 in Valencia) was a Spanish journalist and poet. He is considered one of the main renovators of modern Valencian poetry, with a similar role to that of Ausi\u00e0s March or Joan Ro\u00eds de Corella in earlier periods.", "Q3319121": "Mohed Altrad is a Syrian-born French billionaire businessman, rugby chairman and writer, born c. March 1948. He was born to a very young mother and his Bedouin father gave him away to his grandparents at age four following his mother's death. In 2015, Altrad was named Ernst & Young World Entrepreneur Of The Year.", "Q604923": "Croatia Records is the largest major record label in Croatia, based in Zagreb (Dubrava).", "Q767": "St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9 ( MAL-ar-MAY, French: [stefan mala\u0281me] (listen); 18 March 1842 \u2013 9 September 1898), pen name of \u00c9tienne Mallarm\u00e9, was a French poet and critic. He was a major French symbolist poet, and his work anticipated and inspired several revolutionary artistic schools of the early 20th century, such as Cubism, Futurism, Dadaism, and Surrealism.", "Q434694": "Timothy Sydney Robert Hardy (29 October 1925 \u2013 3 August 2017) was an English actor who had a long career in theatre, film and television. He began his career as a classical actor and later earned widespread recognition for roles such as Siegfried Farnon in the BBC television series All Creatures Great and Small, Cornelius Fudge in the Harry Potter film series and Winston Churchill in several productions, beginning with the Southern Television series Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years. He was nominated for the BAFTA for Best Actor for All Creatures Great and Small in 1980 and Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years in 1982. Aside from acting, Hardy was an acknowledged expert on the medieval English longbow and wrote two books on the subject.", "Q707580": "Roberto Farinacci (Italian pronunciation: [ro\u02c8b\u025brto fari\u02c8natt\u0283i]; 16 October 1892 \u2013 28 April 1945) was a leading Italian Fascist politician and important member of the National Fascist Party before and during World War II as well as one of its ardent antisemitic proponents. For instance, Christopher Hibbert describes him as \"slavishly pro-German\".", "Q4696656": "Ida Erios Nantaba is a Ugandan politician. She was the State Minister in the Uganda Ministry of Information and Communications Technology. She was appointed to that position on 6 June 2016. Prior to that, from 15 August 2012 until 6 June 2016, she was Minister of State for Lands in the Cabinet of Uganda. Nantaba is also the elected Member of Parliament for Women in Kayunga District Constituency.", "Q85722": "Alfred de Pischof (17 May 1882 \u2013 12 August 1922) was an Austrian aviation pioneer. From 1901 to 1907, he attended the Coll\u00e9ge Chaptal and \u00c9cole Speciale des Travaux Publics in Cachan (near Paris), France and studied road and railway engineering; his grandfather had been a railway specialist. De Pischof had also been interested in aircraft technology, and he often visited Charles and Gabriel Voisin. By 1906, Alfred had created his own glider and by 1907, his first biplane. In 1909, De Pischof returned to Austria, and worked as designer for Werner & Pfleiderer. He designed the Pischof-Autoplan; this aircraft first flew in March 1910, flying for 400 metres. On 24 April 1910, he earned his pilot's certificate.\nAfter the First World War, De Pischof returned to France and focused on small aircraft. He died when he crashed an aircraft during testing.\n\n", "Q1075148": "The University of California, Riverside (UCR or UC Riverside) is a public research university in Riverside, California. It is one of the 10 general campuses of the University of California system. The main campus sits on 1,900 acres (769 ha) in a suburban district of Riverside with a branch campus of 20 acres (8 ha) in Palm Desert. In 1907, the predecessor to UCR was founded as the UC Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside which pioneered research in biological pest control and the use of growth regulators responsible for extending the citrus growing season in California from four to nine months. Some of the world's most important research collections on citrus diversity and entomology, as well as science fiction and photography, are located at Riverside.\nUCR's undergraduate College of Letters and Science opened in 1954. The Regents of the University of California declared UCR a general campus of the system in 1959, and graduate students were admitted in 1961. To accommodate an enrollment of 21,000 students by 2015, more than $730 million has been invested in new construction projects since 1999. Preliminary accreditation of the UC Riverside School of Medicine was granted in October 2012 and the first class of 50 students was enrolled in August 2013. It is the first new research-based public medical school in 40 years.UCR is consistently ranked as one of the most ethnically and economically diverse universities in the United States. The 2019 U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges rankings places UCR tied for 35th among top public universities and ranks 85th nationwide. Over 27 of UCR's academic programs, including the Graduate School of Education and the Bourns College of Engineering, are highly ranked nationally based on peer assessment, student selectivity, financial resources, and other factors. Washington Monthly ranked UCR 2nd in the United States in terms of social mobility, research and community service, while U.S. News ranks UCR as the fifth most ethnically diverse and, by the number of undergraduates receiving Pell Grants (42 percent), the 15th most economically diverse student body in the nation. Over 70% of all UCR students graduate within six years without regard to economic disparity. UCR's extensive outreach and retention programs have contributed to its reputation as a \"university of choice\" for minority students. In 2005, UCR became the first public university campus in the nation to offer a gender-neutral housing option.UCR's sports teams are known as the Highlanders and play in the Big West Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. Their nickname was inspired by the high altitude of the campus, which lies on the foothills of Box Springs Mountain. The UCR women's basketball team won back-to-back Big West championships in 2006 and 2007. In 2007, the men's baseball team won its first conference championship and advanced to the regionals for the second time since the university moved to Division I in 2001.", "Q122573": "Gustav Altenhain (December 5, 1891 in Sprockh\u00f6vel (Sauerland) - December 23, 1968 in Gevelsberg (Sauerland)) was a German publisher and politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP).\nAfter attending school, and attending an arts and crafts college, Altenhain took over as the holder of the management of a printing company. There is a street named after him today in Sprockh\u00f6vel where ihis printing company was located.\nAltenhain joined the German Democratic Party (DDP) in 1918 and remained with it during the merger with the Young German Order in 1930. From 1925 to 1933, Altenhain was one of the official representatives of Ha\u00dflinghausen, from 1926 to 1933 a member of the Kreisausschuss Ennepe-Ruhr code, and from 1929 to 1933 one of the Councilors of Ha\u00dflinghausen. From 1927 to 1929 and 1946, he served a member of the county council and was also a deputy member of the Zonenbeirat under the British zone of occupation at the end of the war whilst serving as the mayor of the city in 1945 and 1946.After World War II, Altenhain was involved in the creation of the Liberal Democratic Party in Westphalia, which on 7 January 1946 in Opladen led to the formation of the Free Democratic Party (FDP). At its founding congress, he was elected as one of six vice-chairmen, confirmed in June 1947. He was also chairman of the FDP-Westphalia and, after the formation of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia in May 1947 its chairman. However, this role was short-lived as he was seen too left wing, and was replaced in August 1947 in a vote by Friedrich Middelhauve. From 1947 to 1958, though, he was elected as a Landtagsabgeordneter for the Landtag and was deputy chairman for some years, and as Vice Chair of the Personnel Committee and Vice Chair of the Committee on Budget and Finance from 1950 to 1955. Overall he was a representative of the North Rhine-Westphalia Landtag from October 2, 1946 until July 12, 1958.From early 1952, he belonged to an intra-party group led by Carl Wirths and Karl Schneider, pursued by Middelhauve and Ernst Achenbach and was sharply criticized. From 1950 to 1954 he was also Second Vice-President of the Diet and from 1953 to 1964 served as Member of the National Assembly of Westfalen-Lippe.", "Q444373": "Toni Trucks is an American theater, film, and television actress.", "Q925310": "Patrick George McGee (31 March 1922 \u2013 14 August 1982), known professionally as Patrick Magee, was a Northern Irish actor and director of stage and screen. He was known for his collaborations with Samuel Beckett and Harold Pinter, as well as creating the role of the Marquis de Sade in the original stage and screen productions of Marat/Sade. He also appeared in numerous horror films and in two Stanley Kubrick films, A Clockwork Orange and Barry Lyndon.", "Q876984": "Edward Hankins Tarr (June 15, 1936 \u2013 March 24, 2020), was an American trumpet player and musicologist. He was a pioneer in the revival of Baroque and Romantic era trumpet performance practice.", "Q163249": "Jessica Claire Timberlake (n\u00e9e Biel ; born March 3, 1982) is an American actress, model, producer, and singer. Biel began her career as a vocalist appearing in musical productions until she was cast as Mary Camden in the family drama series 7th Heaven (1996\u20132006), for which she achieved recognition. The series is the longest-running series that aired on The WB channel and the longest-running family drama in television history.In 1997, she won the Young Artist Award for her role in the drama film Ulee's Gold. She received further recognition for her lead role as Erin Hardesty in the horror film The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003). Biel has since starred in such films as The Rules of Attraction (2002), Blade: Trinity (2004), Stealth (2005), The Illusionist (2006), I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry (2007), Valentine's Day (2010), The A-Team (2010), New Year's Eve (2011), Total Recall (2012), and Hitchcock (2012).\nIn 2017, she was the executive producer and star of the USA Network limited drama series The Sinner, for which she received nominations for a Golden Globe Award and a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie.", "Q39803": "Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquis of Vargas Llosa (born March 28, 1936), more commonly known as Mario Vargas Llosa (; Spanish: [\u02c8ma\u027ejo \u02c8\u03b2a\u027e\u0263az \u02c8\u028eosa]), is a Peruvian writer, politician, journalist, essayist and college professor. Vargas Llosa is one of Latin America's most significant novelists and essayists, and one of the leading writers of his generation. Some critics consider him to have had a larger international impact and worldwide audience than any other writer of the Latin American Boom. In 2010 he won the Nobel Prize in Literature, \"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat.\"Vargas Llosa rose to international fame in the 1960s with novels such as The Time of the Hero (La ciudad y los perros, literally The City and the Dogs, 1963/1966), The Green House (La casa verde, 1965/1968), and the monumental Conversation in the Cathedral (Conversaci\u00f3n en la catedral, 1969/1975). He writes prolifically across an array of literary genres, including literary criticism and journalism. His novels include comedies, murder mysteries, historical novels, and political thrillers. Several, such as Captain Pantoja and the Special Service (1973/1978) and Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter (1977/1982), have been adapted as feature films.\nMany of Vargas Llosa's works are influenced by the writer's perception of Peruvian society and his own experiences as a native Peruvian. Increasingly, however, he has expanded his range, and tackled themes that arise from other parts of the world. In his essays, Vargas Llosa has made many criticisms of nationalism in different parts of the world. Another change over the course of his career has been a shift from a style and approach associated with literary modernism, to a sometimes playful postmodernism.\nLike many Latin American writers, Vargas Llosa has been politically active throughout his career. While he initially supported the Cuban revolutionary government of Fidel Castro, Vargas Llosa later became disenchanted with its policies, particularly after the imprisonment of Cuban poet Heberto Padilla in 1971, and now identifies as a liberal. He ran for the Peruvian presidency in 1990 with the center-right Frente Democr\u00e1tico coalition, advocating classical liberal reforms, but lost the election to Alberto Fujimori. He is the person who, in 1990, \"coined the phrase that circled the globe,\" declaring on Mexican television, \"Mexico is the perfect dictatorship,\" a statement which became an adage during the following decade.\nMario Vargas Llosa is also one of the 25 leading figures on the Information and Democracy Commission launched by Reporters Without Borders.", "Q373948": "Adrian Margaret Smith Piper (born September 20, 1948) is an American conceptual artist and philosopher. Her work addresses how and why those involved in more than one discipline may experience professional ostracism, otherness, racial passing, and racism by using various traditional and non-traditional media to provoke self-analysis. She uses reflection on her own career as an example. Piper has been awarded various fellowships and medals and has been described as having \"profoundly influenced the language and form of Conceptual art\". In 2002, she founded the Adrian Piper Research Archive (APRA) in Berlin, Germany, the focus of a foundation that was established in 2009.\n\n", "Q238593": "D.C. United is an American professional soccer club based in Washington, D.C. The club competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer (MLS), the top level of professional American soccer. The franchise began play in 1996 as one of the ten charter clubs of the league. The club was one of the most successful clubs in the early years of MLS, winning eight of its thirteen titles between 1996 and 1998 under then head coach Bruce Arena. United holds the joint MLS record for most Supporters' Shields, has four MLS Cups, and been crowned U.S. Open Cup champions three times. It is also the first club to win both the MLS Supporters' Shield and MLS Cup consecutively.On the international stage, D.C. United has competed in both the CONCACAF Champions League and its predecessor, the CONCACAF Champions' Cup. The club won the 1998 CONCACAF Champions' Cup, making them one of only two MLS teams to ever win a CONCACAF tournament. Subsequently, United won the now-defunct Copa Interamericana in 1998 against Vasco da Gama of Brazil. This is the only intercontinental title won by an MLS club.The team's home field from 1996 to 2017 was the 45,596-seat Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium, owned by the District of Columbia. The team moved into the new Audi Field, a soccer-specific stadium with a capacity of 20,000 at Buzzard Point just a few blocks from Nationals Park in July 2018. The team is owned by the consortium D.C. United Holdings. The team's head coach is former long-time starting midfielder Ben Olsen, who has coached the team since 2010.\nJaime Moreno, Marco Etcheverry, and Eddie Pope are among the team's most successful stars. D.C. United's fan base includes four supporters' clubs. The club's official nickname is the \"Black-and-Red\" and home uniforms are black and white with accents of red. The team's name alludes to the \"United\" appellation commonly found in the names of soccer teams in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.", "Q1245999": "The University of Siena (Italian: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Siena, abbreviation: UNISI) in Siena, Tuscany is one of the oldest and first publicly funded universities in Italy. Originally called Studium Senese, the institution was founded in 1240. It had around 20,000 students in 2006, nearly half of Siena's total population of around 54,000. Today, the University of Siena is best known for its Schools of Law, Medicine, and Economics and Management.", "Q1636558": "Victory Records is a Chicago-based independent record label founded by Tony Brummel. It is a private company which operates a music publishing company called \"Another Victory, Inc.\" and is the distributor of several smaller independent record labels. It has featured many prominent post-hardcore and metalcore artists, and such bands as Thursday, Hawthorne Heights, Silverstein, Taking Back Sunday, Bayside, Streetlight Manifesto, and A Day to Remember.\nIn September 2019, years after buying part of the label's catalogue, Concord Music agreed to acquire Victory Records and Another Victory for $30 million.\nThe label has released six gold-certified albums by A Day to Remember, Hawthorne Heights, and Taking Back Sunday; and one platinum single (\"If It Means a Lot to You\" by A Day to Remember). Victory's albums have sold 15 million copies. The label's catalogue includes 4,500 master recordings, and 3,500 compositions through its publisher Another Victory.", "Q134477": "Paula Fox (April 22, 1923 \u2013 March 1, 2017) was an American author of novels for adults and children and of two memoirs. For her contributions as a children's writer she won the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1978, the highest international recognition for a creator of children's books. She also won several awards for particular children's books including the 1974 Newbery Medal for her novel The Slave Dancer; a 1983 National Book Award in category Children's Fiction (paperback) for A Place Apart; and the 2008 Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis for A Portrait of Ivan (1969) in its German-language edition Ein Bild von Ivan.In 2011, she was inducted into the New York State Writers Hall of Fame. The NYSW Hall of Fame is a project of the Empire State Center for the Book. Her adult novels went out of print in 1992. In the mid nineties she enjoyed a revival as her adult fiction was championed by a new generation of American writers.", "Q726228": "Vittorio Emilio Cuniberti (1854 \u2013 1913) was an Italian military officer and naval engineer who envisioned the concept of the all big gun battleship, best exemplified by HMS Dreadnought.", "Q240428": "Ashot Gevorkovich Egiazaryan (Russian: \u0410\u0448\u043e\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0415\u0433\u0438\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u043d; Armenian: \u0531\u0577\u0578\u057f \u0533\u0565\u0582\u0578\u0580\u0563\u0578\u057e\u056b\u0579 \u0537\u056f\u056b\u0561\u0566\u0561\u0580\u0575\u0561\u0576), born July 24, 1965 in Moscow, Russia is a fugitive from political persecution (accounts vary), former Russian politician, and businessman.", "Q277284": "Ravi Varma Kunjikkuttan Thampuran was a Malayalam film actor, Kathakali artist and writer.", "Q3306": "Panama City (Spanish: Ciudad de Panam\u00e1; pronounced [sju\u02c8\u00f0a(\u00f0) \u00f0e pana\u02c8ma]), also simply known as Panama, is the capital and largest city of Panama. It has an urban population of 880,691, with over 1.5 million in its metropolitan area. The city is located at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal, in the province of Panama. The city is the political and administrative center of the country, as well as a hub for banking and commerce.The city of Panama was founded on August 15, 1519, by Spanish conquistador Pedro Arias D\u00e1vila. The city was the starting point for expeditions that conquered the Inca Empire in Peru. It was a stopover point on one of the most important trade routes in the American continent, leading to the fairs of Nombre de Dios and Portobelo, through which passed most of the gold and silver that Spain took from the Americas.\nOn January 28, 1671, the original city was destroyed by a fire when privateer Henry Morgan sacked and set fire to it. The city was formally reestablished two years later on January 21, 1673, on a peninsula located 8 km (5 miles) from the original settlement. The site of the previously devastated city is still in ruins, and is now a popular tourist attraction, and is regularly visited by school trips.\n\n", "Q1160237": "Ern\u0151 L\u00e1szl\u00f3 (11 July 1897 \u2013 1973) was a Hungarian-born American dermatologist and cosmetics businessman who founded The Ern\u0151 L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Institute.\n\n", "Q133318": "Marat Mubinovich Safin (Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442 \u041c\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0430\u0301\u0444\u0438\u043d, IPA: [m\u0250\u02c8rat m\u028a\u02c8b\u02b2in\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8saf\u02b2\u026an], Tatar: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u041c\u04e9\u0431\u0438\u043d \u0443\u043b\u044b \u0421\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043d; born 27 January 1980) is a Russian politician and retired professional tennis player. He achieved the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) world No. 1 singles ranking on 20 November 2000. Nobody taller than Safin has ever reached the No. 1 ranking. Safin is the older brother of former world No. 1 WTA player, Dinara Safina. They are the only brother\u2013sister tandem in tennis history who have both achieved No. 1 rankings. On court, Safin was famous for his emotional outbursts and sometimes fiery temper.\nSafin began his professional tennis career in 1997, and held the No. 1 ranking for a total of 9 weeks between November 2000 and April 2001. He won his first Grand Slam title at the 2000 US Open, defeating Pete Sampras, and won the 2005 Australian Open, defeating Australian Lleyton Hewitt in the final. Safin helped lead Russia to Davis Cup victories in 2002 and 2006. Despite his dislike of grass courts, he became the first Russian man to reach the semifinals of Wimbledon at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. At the time of his retirement in November 2009, he was ranked No. 61 in the world.\nIn 2011, he became a member of the State Duma representing the United Russia party.\nIn 2016, he became the first Russian tennis player inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.", "Q4892001": "Luis Escobar y Kirkpatrick, 7th Marquess of las Marismas del Guadalquivir (5 September 1908 in Madrid \u2013 16 February 1991 in Madrid), was a Spanish nobleman who succeeded to the title in 1954 upon the death of his father, Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Escobar y Kirkpatrick.\nAn actor and playwright, during his later career as a theatre director, he much advanced the interests of Teatro Mar\u00eda Guerrero, Teatro Espa\u00f1ol and Teatro Eslava. A real marquess and a flamboyant character, he had also earlier played the part of el marqu\u00e9s de Leguineche in Luis Garc\u00eda Berlanga's comedy trilogy.\nIn 1950 he directed the film La honradez de la cerradura which was nominated at the 1951 Cannes Film Festival.Don Luis Escobar never married and was openly homosexual, especially so, after democracy was restored to Spain in 1975; his niece, Do\u00f1a Mar\u00eda Victoria Escobar y Cancho, succeeded him in the marquessate in 1991.", "Q577975": "Albert William Lee (born 21 December 1943) is an English guitarist known for his fingerstyle and hybrid picking technique. Lee has worked, both in the studio and on tour, with many famous musicians from a wide range of genres. He has also maintained a solo career and is a noted composer and musical director.", "Q20": "Norway (Norwegian: Norge (Bokm\u00e5l) or Noreg (Nynorsk); Northern Sami: Norga; Lule Sami: Vuodna; Southern Sami: N\u00f6\u00f6rje), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway. The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom. Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island.\nNorway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres (148,729 sq mi) and a population of 5,312,300 (as of August 2018). The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006 mi long). Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, and the Skagerrak strait to the south, with Denmark on the other side. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence also dominates Norway's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts, whereas the interior, while colder, is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes. Even during polar night in the north, temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline. The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country.\nHarald V of the House of Gl\u00fccksburg is the current King of Norway. Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg. As a unitary sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the parliament, the cabinet and the supreme court, as determined by the 1814 constitution. The kingdom was established in 872 as a merger of many petty kingdoms and has existed continuously for 1,148 years. From 1537 to 1814, Norway was a part of the Kingdom of Denmark\u2013Norway, and from 1814 to 1905, it was in a personal union with the Kingdom of Sweden. Norway was neutral during the First World War. Norway remained neutral until April 1940 when the country was invaded and occupied by Germany until the end of Second World War.\nNorway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels: counties and municipalities. The S\u00e1mi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the S\u00e1mi Parliament and the Finnmark Act. Norway maintains close ties with both the European Union and the United States. Norway is also a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Free Trade Association, the Council of Europe, the Antarctic Treaty, and the Nordic Council; a member of the European Economic Area, the WTO, and the OECD; and a part of the Schengen Area. In addition, the Norwegian languages share mutual intelligibility with Danish and Swedish.\nNorway maintains the Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system, and its values are rooted in egalitarian ideals. The Norwegian state has large ownership positions in key industrial sectors, having extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, and fresh water. The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). On a per-capita basis, Norway is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside of the Middle East.The country has the fourth-highest per-capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIA's GDP (PPP) per capita list (2015 estimate) which includes autonomous territories and regions, Norway ranks as number eleven. It has the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, with a value of US$1 trillion. Norway has had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world since 2009, a position also held previously between 2001 and 2006; it also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking per 2018. Norway ranked first on the World Happiness Report for 2017 and currently ranks first on the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity, and the Democracy Index. Norway also has one of the lowest crime rates in the world.", "Q768621": "Hanson is an American pop rock band from Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, formed by brothers Isaac (guitar, piano, vocals), Taylor (keyboards, vocals), and Zac (drums, vocals). Supporting members include Dimitrius Collins (guitar), and Andrew Perusi (bass) who have toured and performed live with the band since 2007. They are best known for the 1997 hit song \"MMMBop\" from their debut album released through Mercury/Polygram Records, entitled Middle of Nowhere, which earned three Grammy nominations. The group's label Mercury Records was merged with its sister labels and the band was moved to Island Def Jam Music Group. After releasing one album on Island Def Jam, the label and the group parted ways. Hanson has sold over 16 million records worldwide and have had three Top 20 albums in the US. They have had three Top 20 US Hot 100 singles and eight UK Top 20 singles. The band now records under its own independent record label, 3CG Records.", "Q57102": "Corcelles-pr\u00e8s-Concise is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q8253": "Fiction generally is a narrative form, in any medium, consisting of people, events, or places that are imaginary\u2014in other words, not based strictly on history or fact. It also commonly refers, more narrowly, to written narratives in prose and often specifically novels. In film, it generally corresponds to narrative film in opposition to documentary.", "Q98773": "Gerhard Raff (born 13 August 1946 in Stuttgart-Degerloch, then American Zone of Occupation, later West Germany) is a German historian, editor and publisher, well known around Swabia (eastern and southern Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) for his writings on history in the Swabian dialect of German, e.g. in a weekly column (Raffs Rarit\u00e4ten, i.e. Raff's rarities) for the Stuttgarter Zeitung.", "Q971027": "Norman Joel Greenbaum (born November 20, 1942) is an American singer-songwriter. He is best known for writing and performing the 1969 song \"Spirit in the Sky\".\n\n", "Q97440": "Robert Stamm (16 July 1900 \u2013 4 November 1937) was a German politician, a Communist (KPD) member of the Reichstag from Bremen, and a victim of the Nazi r\u00e9gime.\nAlready by the age of 14, Robert Stamm had become involved with the Socialist Youth in the Bergisches Land. He became a toolmaker, and in 1917, during his training, he associated himself with the Spartacist League around Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg. In 1920 he took part in the struggle against the Kapp Putsch. In 1926, he became the editor of various Communist newspapers in the Rhine-Ruhr area.\nFrom 1931 to 1933, Stamm led the KPD's Northwest District in Bremen. To avoid his looming arrest, he gave up his political activities for the time being and moved to Hanover in May 1933. The following year, he once again felt obliged to hurry to another city and he went to Berlin. In the end, though, none of his running helped. On 27 March 1935, Stamm was arrested by the Gestapo. At the Volksgerichtshof, he was found guilty of conspiracy to commit treason, and was sentenced to death. Stamm was beheaded on 4 November 1937 at Pl\u00f6tzensee Prison in Berlin.\nThe FDGB-Kulturhaus 'Robert Stamm' in Biberschlag, Thuringia, is named after him.", "Q1465812": "Paramount Records was an American record label known for its recordings of jazz and blues in the 1920s and early 1930s, including such artists as Ma Rainey and Blind Lemon Jefferson.", "Q120402": "David Elias Heidenreich (21 January 1638 \u2013 6 June 1688) was a German poet, dramatist, librettist and translator of the Baroque era.", "Q504743": "Louis Andriessen (Dutch pronunciation: [lu\u02c8i \u02c8\u0251ndris\u0259(n)]; born 6 June 1939) is a Dutch composer and pianist based in Amsterdam. He is a lecturer at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague. He was recipient of the Gaudeamus International Composers Award in 1959.\n\n", "Q370299": "Chad Meredith Hurley (born January 24, 1977) is an American media mogul, co-founder and former CEO of the video-sharing websites YouTube and MixBit. In June 2006, he was voted 28th on Business 2.0's \"50 People Who Matter Now\" list. In October 2006, he and Steve Chen sold YouTube for $1.65 billion to Google. Hurley worked in eBay's PayPal division\u2014one of his tasks involved designing the original PayPal logo\u2014before starting YouTube with fellow PayPal colleagues Steve Chen and Jawed Karim. Hurley was primarily responsible for the tagging and video-sharing aspects of YouTube.", "Q243121": "Gretchen Franklin (7 July 1911 \u2013 11 July 2005) was an English actress and dancer with a career in show business spanning over 70 years. She was born in Covent Garden, Central London. She played Ethel Skinner in the long-running BBC 1 soap opera EastEnders on a regular basis from 1985 until 1988. After this she returned to the show intermittently. These appearances became briefer and more widely spaced. Her final appearance was in 2000, when her character was killed off.", "Q87653": "Josef Peukert (22 January 1855 \u2013 3 March 1910) was a German Bohemian anarchist known for his autobiographical book Memoirs from the proletarian revolutionary labour movement (German: Erinnerungen eines Proletariers aus der revolution\u00e4ren Arbeiterbewegung). The book provided a glimpse into the early days of the radical labour movement in Austria, the start of the anarchist movement in Germany and the exile of the anarchists in London and America at the time of Socialist Law (1878\u20131890). The accuracy of the book was questioned by fellow anarchist and historian Max Nettlau, who looked upon it in a \"highly-skeptical\" manner.", "Q401149": "Ahmed Arif (21 April 1927 in Diyarbak\u0131r \u2013 2 June 1991 in Ankara) was a Turkish poet.\nHis father, Arif Hikmet, is an ethnic Turkmen from Kirkuk, and his mother Sayre is Kurdish. Ahmed Arif studied philosophy at Ankara University. Arif was arrested on political grounds in 1950 and spent time in prison till 1952. Published in various literary journals, his poems were widely read due to their original lyricism and imagery influenced by Anatolian folk cultures. He published only one collection of poetry: Hasretinden Prangalar Eskittim (Fetters Worn Out by Longing/1968) \u2013 a volume which has gone through a record number of printings.", "Q2303536": "Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) is a public research university in Richmond, Virginia. VCU was founded in 1838 as the medical department of Hampden\u2013Sydney College, becoming the Medical College of Virginia in 1854. In 1968, the Virginia General Assembly merged MCV with the Richmond Professional Institute, founded in 1917, to create Virginia Commonwealth University. In 2018, more than 31,000 students pursue 217 degree and certificate programs through VCU's 11 schools and three colleges. The VCU Health System supports the university's health care education, research, and patient care mission.\nVCU had a record $310 million in sponsored research funding in the fiscal year 2019 and is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity\". A broad array of university-approved centers and institutes of excellence, involving faculty from multiple disciplines in public policy, biotechnology and health care discoveries, supports the university's research mission. Twenty-eight graduate and first-professional programs are ranked by U.S. News & World Report as among the best in the country. VCU's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the VCU Rams. They are members of the Atlantic 10 Conference. The VCU campus includes historic buildings such as the Ginter House, now used by the school's provost.", "Q91031": "Tim Sander (born 27 July 1978 in Berlin) is a German actor.", "Q1511": "Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( VAHG-n\u0259r, German: [\u02c8\u0281\u026a\u00e7a\u0281t \u02c8va\u02d0\u0261n\u0250] (listen); 22 May 1813 \u2013 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, \"music dramas\"). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Carl Maria von Weber and Giacomo Meyerbeer, Wagner revolutionised opera through his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk (\"total work of art\"), by which he sought to synthesise the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts, with music subsidiary to drama. He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realised these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung).\nHis compositions, particularly those of his later period, are notable for their complex textures, rich harmonies and orchestration, and the elaborate use of leitmotifs\u2014musical phrases associated with individual characters, places, ideas, or plot elements. His advances in musical language, such as extreme chromaticism and quickly shifting tonal centres, greatly influenced the development of classical music. His Tristan und Isolde is sometimes described as marking the start of modern music.\nWagner had his own opera house built, the Bayreuth Festspielhaus, which embodied many novel design features. The Ring and Parsifal were premiered here and his most important stage works continue to be performed at the annual Bayreuth Festival, run by his descendants. His thoughts on the relative contributions of music and drama in opera were to change again, and he reintroduced some traditional forms into his last few stage works, including Die Meistersinger von N\u00fcrnberg (The Mastersingers of Nuremberg).\nUntil his final years, Wagner's life was characterised by political exile, turbulent love affairs, poverty and repeated flight from his creditors. His controversial writings on music, drama and politics have attracted extensive comment, notably, since the late 20th century, where they express antisemitic sentiments. The effect of his ideas can be traced in many of the arts throughout the 20th century; his influence spread beyond composition into conducting, philosophy, literature, the visual arts and theatre.", "Q3528819": "J. Tinsley Oden (born December 25, 1936 in Alexandria, Louisiana) is the Associate Vice President for Research, the Cockrell Family Regents' Chair in Engineering #2, the Peter O'Donnell, Jr. Centennial Chair in Computing Systems, a Professor of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, a Professor of Mathematics, and a Professor of Computer Science at The University of Texas at Austin. Oden has been listed as an ISI Highly Cited Author in Engineering by the ISI Web of Knowledge, Thomson Scientific Company.Oden is the founding Director of the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), which was started in January 2003 as an expansion of the Texas Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics (TICAM), also directed by Oden for over a decade.He earned a B.S. degree in civil engineering from LSU in 1959. Oden earned a PhD in engineering mechanics from Oklahoma State University in 1962. He taught at OSU and The University of Alabama in Huntsville, where he was the head of the Department of Engineering Mechanics prior to going to Texas in 1973. He has held visiting professor positions at other universities in the United States, England, and Brazil.An author of over 500 scientific publications: books, book chapters, conference papers, and monographs, he is an editor of the series, Finite Elements in Flow Problems and of Computational Methods in Nonlinear Mechanics. He has published extensively in this field and in related areas over the last three decades.", "Q98767": "Wilhelm Ganzhorn (1818\u20131880) was a German judge and lyricist known for his 1851 song \"Im sch\u00f6nsten Wiesengrunde\". The melody of \"Gi Talo Gi Halom Tasi\", which is the regional anthem of the Northern Mariana Islands, is based on it.", "Q456005": "Jon Ryan Schaffer (born March 15, 1968) is an American heavy metal musician. He is best known as the rhythm guitarist and last remaining original member of the Florida-based heavy metal band Iced Earth, which he formed in 1985 under the name \"Purgatory\". He also sings in his side project Sons of Liberty and plays guitar for Demons and Wizards, his collaboration with Blind Guardian frontman Hansi K\u00fcrsch.", "Q88574": "Harry Frank (15 October 1896 \u2013 12 December 1947) was a German actor.", "Q87647": "Arthur Sch\u00fctz (also known as Erich Ritter von Winkler) (25 January 1880, Moscow \u2013 9 February 1960, Vienna) was an Austrian engineer and writer, most notable for creating a special kind of hoax called \"Grubenhund\".", "Q275487": "Susan Diane Ruttan (n\u00e9e Dunsrud; born September 16, 1948) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Roxanne Melman on L.A. Law (1986\u20131993), for which she was nominated four times for a Primetime Emmy Award.", "Q681097": "Gordon E. Sawyer (27 August 1905 \u2013 15 May 1980) was sound director at Samuel Goldwyn Productions. He won 3 Oscars for Best Sound and was nominated a further 13 times.", "Q95243": "J\u00fcrgen Els\u00e4sser (born 20 January 1957 in Pforzheim) is a German journalist and political activist of the new right.", "Q1552700": "Guan Pinghu (4 March 1897 \u2013 28 March 1967), was a leading player of the guqin (\u53e4\u7434), a Chinese 7-string bridgeless zither. Born in Suzhou, Jiangsu, Guan came from an artistic family, and started to learn the guqin from his father, Guan Nianci. After the death of his father when he was thirteen, Guan continued with his father\u2019s friend Ye Shimeng and Zhang Xiangtao. He also studied with the leading players of three different schools; Yang Zongji (1865\u20131933), the leading player in Beijing, the Daoist Qin Heming, and the Buddhist monk Wucheng.\nBefore 1949, Guan did some teaching at the Yenching University, but had most of his meager income from selling paintings and repairing old musical instruments and furniture.\nIn 1952, he became a teacher and assistant researcher at the Zhongyang Yinyue Xueyuan (Central Conservatory of Music) and a leading force at the Beijing Guqin Yanjiuhui (Beijing Guqin Research Institute), both in Beijing. He also recreated and performed many pieces, including Guangling San (\u300a\u5ee3\u9675\u6563\u300b), Youlan (\u300a\u78a3\u77f3\u8abf\u5e7d\u862d\u300b- Secluded Orchid), and Hujia Shiba Pai (\u300a\u80e1\u7b33\u5341\u516b\u62cd\u300b \u2013 Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute), that only existed as notation through a process known as dapu (\u6253\u8b5c). These pieces have become part of the core repertory of guqin music. Though he trained few prominent students, Guan's numerous recordings \u2013 notable for their austerity, subtlety, and bold presentation \u2013 have exerted wide and continuing influence.\nIn 1977, a recording of \"Liu Shui\" (\u6d41\u6c34; Stream), as performed by Guan, was chosen to be included in the Voyager Golden Record, a gold-plated LP recording containing music from around the world, which was sent into outer space by NASA on the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft. It is the longest excerpt included on the disc (lasting seven minutes and 37 seconds) and the only excerpt of Chinese music.", "Q49328": "Peer Steinbr\u00fcck (born 10 January 1947) is a German politician who was the chancellor-candidate of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in the 2013 federal election. Steinbr\u00fcck served as the 8th Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2002 to 2005, a member of the Bundestag from 2009 to 2016, and as Federal Minister of Finance in the first Cabinet of Chancellor Angela Merkel from 2005 to 2009.A graduate of the University of Kiel, Steinbr\u00fcck began his political career in the office of Chancellor Helmut Schmidt and became chief of staff to Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia, Johannes Rau, in 1986. Steinbr\u00fcck served as a state minister in both Schleswig-Holstein and North Rhine-Westphalia and succeeded Wolfgang Clement as Minister-President of North-Rhine Westphalia in 2002. Governing in an SPD-Green coalition, Steinbr\u00fcck\u2019s tenure was noted for its attempt to reduce tax breaks and coal subsidies. In the 2005 state election, Steinbr\u00fcck\u2019s SPD lost to the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) opposition led by J\u00fcrgen R\u00fcttgers, thus marking the end of Steinbr\u00fcck\u2019s tenure as Minister-President.\nAfter the 2005 federal election, which resulted in a Grand Coalition government under the leadership of new Chancellor Angela Merkel of the CDU, Steinbr\u00fcck was appointed Minister of Finance. In this position, Steinbr\u00fcck was charged with reducing Germany\u2019s budget deficit, curbing public debt, and introducing changes in the taxation system. In the 2009 federal election, SPD chancellor-candidate Frank-Walter Steinmeier included Steinbr\u00fcck as a member of his shadow cabinet.\nIn 2012, the National Assembly of the SPD elected Steinbr\u00fcck as the chancellor-candidate of the SPD for the 2013 federal election. After he was nominated, controversy surrounding Steinbr\u00fcck history of giving paid speeches to private banks such as JPMorgan Chase and Deutsche Bank, as well as the potential conflict of interest surrounding his seat on the board of steel conglomerate Thyssenkrupp, prompted criticism from both centre-right members of Angela Merkel\u2019s coalition as well as members of SPD\u2019s left-wing. Steinbr\u00fcck\u2019s gaffe-prone campaign failed to gain traction, and the SPD was comfortably defeated by Merkel\u2019s CDU in the federal election which took place on 22 September 2013.", "Q3316560": "Miss Ming (born Candy Ming; 3 November 1990), also known as Candy Rainbow, is a French actress, writer and singer.", "Q93632": "Joseph Schildkraut (22 March 1896 \u2013 21 January 1964) was an Austrian-American actor. He won an Oscar for his performance as Captain Alfred Dreyfus in the film The Life of Emile Zola (1937); later, he was nominated for a Golden Globe for his performance as Otto Frank in the film The Diary of Anne Frank (1959) and a Primetime Emmy for his performance as Rabbi Gottlieb in a 1962 episode of the television series Sam Benedict.", "Q47305": "Kang Ky\u014fng-ae (20 April 1906 \u2013 26 April 1944) (Korean: \uac15\uacbd\uc560, \u59dc\u656c\u611b) was a Korean writer, novelist and poet involved with the Feminist movement. She is also known by her penname Kang Gama.", "Q31293": "Vondie Curtis-Hall (born September 30, 1950) is an American actor, screenwriter, film director and television director. As an actor, he is known for his role as Dr. Dennis Hancock on the CBS medical drama Chicago Hope created by David E. Kelley and as Ben Urich in the Netflix TV series Marvel's Daredevil. He wrote, directed and starred in the cult film Gridlock'd.", "Q923013": "Miros\u0142aw Orzechowski (Polish pronunciation: [m\u02b2i\u02c8r\u0254swav \u0254\u0290\u025b\u02c8x\u0254fsk\u02b2i]; born 28 September 1957 in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a) is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on 25 September 2005 getting 3474 votes in 9 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a district, as a candidate from the League of Polish Families list. In Jaros\u0142aw Kaczy\u0144ski's government he was a deputy minister of national education.", "Q1803878": "Robert Percell Ferguson (May 9, 1929 \u2013 November 26, 2006), who performed as H-Bomb Ferguson, was an American jump blues singer. He was an early pioneer of the rock and roll style of the mid-1950s, featuring driving rhythm, intensely shouted vocals, honking tenor saxophone solos, and outlandish personal appearance. Ferguson sang and played piano in a flamboyant style, wearing colorful wigs.", "Q124670": "Wilfred Arthur Charles Carter (December 18, 1904 \u2013 December 5, 1996), professionally known as Wilf Carter in his native Canada and also as Montana Slim in the United States, was a Canadian Country and Western singer, songwriter, guitarist, and yodeller. Widely acknowledged as the father of Canadian country music, Carter was Canada's first country music star, inspiring a generation of young Canadian performers.", "Q531934": "Angel Witch are a British heavy metal band which formed in London, England in 1976 as part of the new wave of British heavy metal movement. They are well known for having inspired Lars Ulrich to form Metallica.\n\n", "Q34": "Sweden (Swedish: Sverige [\u02c8sv\u00e6\u030crj\u025b] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige [\u02c8k\u00f4\u02d0n\u0275\u014ba\u02ccri\u02d0k\u025bt \u02c8sv\u00e6\u030crj\u025b] (listen)), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the \u00d6resund Strait. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe, the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area. The capital city is Stockholm. Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.6 million have a foreign background. Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born, or born in Sweden with foreign born parents. It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre (57/sq mi) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country.\nSweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia. The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence. In spite of the high latitude, Sweden often has warm continental summers, being located in between the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass. The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters. Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural, while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains.\nGermanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats (Swedish G\u00f6tar) and Swedes (Svear) and constituting the sea peoples known as the Norsemen. An independent Swedish state emerged during the early 12th century. After the Black Death in the middle of the 14th century killed about a third of the Scandinavian population, the Hanseatic League threatened Scandinavia's culture, finances and languages. This led to the forming of the Scandinavian Kalmar Union in 1397, which Sweden left in 1523. When Sweden became involved in the Thirty Years War on the Reformist side, an expansion of its territories began and eventually the Swedish Empire was formed. This became one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century. Swedish territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were gradually lost during the 18th and 19th centuries, ending with the annexation of present-day Finland by Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Norway was militarily forced into a personal union, which peacefully dissolved in 1905. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, maintaining an official policy of neutrality in foreign affairs. In 2014 Sweden celebrated 200 years of peace breaking even Switzerland's record for peace. Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars and the Cold War, albeit Sweden has since 2009 openly moved towards cooperation with NATO.\nSweden is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy, with Legislative power vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag. It is a unitary state, currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities. Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens. It has the world's eleventh-highest per capita income and ranks very highly in quality of life, health, education, protection of civil liberties, economic competitiveness, equality, gender equality, prosperity and human development. Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995, but declined NATO membership, as well as Eurozone membership following a referendum. It is also a member of the United Nations, the Nordic Council, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).", "Q710956": "Jaan T\u00f5nisson (Estonian pronunciation: [\u02c8j\u0251\u02d0n \u02c8t\u0264nis\u02d1\u02c8son]; 22 December [O.S. 10 December] 1868, near T\u00e4nassilma \u2013 1941?, in Tallinn?) was an Estonian statesman, serving as the Prime Minister of Estonia twice during 1919 to 1920, as State Elder (head of state and government) from 1927 to 1928 and in 1933, and as Foreign Minister of Estonia from 1931 to 1932.", "Q293102": "Katarzyna Kowalska, best known as Kasia Kowalska (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8ka\u0255a k\u0254\u02c8valska]; born June 13, 1973 in Sulej\u00f3wek, Poland) is a Polish rock singer, songwriter, producer, and actress.\nShe belongs to the top rung of most frequently broadcast Polish rock artists. Kasia Kowalska is one of the best-known Polish vocalists. The estimated sale of all her albums is over one million copies, which puts her among the Polish artists with the largest number of music publishers sold in Poland.\nHer musical experience began in the 1980s when she sang as a female vocalist for numerous Polish bands, including Human, Fatum and Talking Pictures. She began her musical career with the release of her debut album, titled \"Gemini\", back in 1994. The LP has turned Triple Platinum (around half million copies sold). The album is said to represent her complex personality with the name following her zodiac sign. It is one of the most outstanding albums of Polish rock. In the same year she performed as a support act for Bob Dylan during his two concerts in Poland.\nA year later, Kasia went on a tour called \"Koncert Inaczej\" which consisted of live performances of songs from the \"Gemini\" album in slightly different versions and jazz recitals during which she performed her favorite jazz standards of Billy Joel, Barbara Streisand etc. The concerts were recorded and realised on an album which had the same title as the tour \u2013 \"Koncert Inaczej\" (wchich means a concert differently). In the same year, she took part in the Sopot Festival, where she won Grand Prix. One of the judges was Malcolm McLaren.\nIn 1996, she represented Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest with a song called Chc\u0119 zna\u0107 sw\u00f3j grzech... and finished 15th out of 23 and received 31 points (including 7 from three countries (Turkey, Greece, and Bosnia and Herzegovina but very few from the other ones). Afterwards, she starred in a movie called Nocne Graffiti and recorded a song for soundtrack of the movie. She also recorded a song to the soundtrack of a Disney movie, The Hunchback Of Notre Dame \u2013 the prayer of Esmeralda.\nSoon after that, she started working on some songs for a third album ( second studio album). With the many changes in her life, a touch of optimism appeared in the new material. The first song which promoted \"Czekajac na\u2026\" ( Waiting for..) was called \"Cos optymistycznego\" ( Something optimistic) and it showed a side of Kasia that nobody ever knew existed. The song was very much on the pop-funk side although the album itself was a combination of rock, funk and jazz and a touch of pop only in a few songs. This new style and an image that came with it made Kasia the most popular female polish singer in that year. The large tour for \"Czekajac na\u2026\" gathered fans from around the country. It was so big, that some people compared it to the Beatles concerts because fans often fainted from exitment. By the end of the tour Kasia announced that she is pregnant ( the father is a composer of a lot of songs on \"Czekajac na..\" and a known musician- Kostek Yoriadis).\nIn 1997 premiere has movie \"Nocne graffiti\" (Night graffiti). Kasia played an 18-year-old drug addict.\nOn May 2, 1997, she gave birth to her daughter Aleksandra Julia Kowalska.\nSummer of 1998 was a time for Kasia's big comeback. She was ready to come back on stage again with the new material. The album \"Pelna obaw\" ( Full of doubts) was a great surprise for Kasia's devoted fans. Finally after some experimenting with funk and jazz, she came back to her rock roots. The album is actually the most hard core in Kasia's discography. The lyrics are as usual, really personal. They themes : violence in the world and anger towards man. Kasia often said that \"Jagged little pill \" of Alanis Morissette really inspired her to record an album filled with feminist views. Kasia also produced this album by herself.The next year and a half was spent on touring and coming up with material for a new album. In 2000 the album \"5\" came out. Once again Kasia showed a new side of her. This was one of the most important albums to be realised that year in Poland. And probably the most break through material. On \"5\" the sound is still based on rock music, except that it's enriched with loops and other electronic sounds. And for the first time in her career, Kasia simply sings without going to the extremes of showing all her vocal abilities in one song.In 2001, she won the MTV Europe Music Award for \"Best Polish Artist\" and she was invited to sing on a Tribute album to a rase car driver \u2013 Ayrton Senna who died tragically in 1994.She wrote the song \"Bezpowrotnie\" (Irrevocably).\n\nKasia spent the summer on recording a new album which came out in November 2002. The title \u2013 \"Antidotum\" (Antidote). This time Kasia worked on it with some of her good friends, respected musicians like Michal Grymuza who was also the producer of the album and Wojtek Pilichowski amongst others.The album was a motley in the rock style with a touch of electronic music here and there. It was more dynamic then the previous album. The year 2004 marks 10 years on stage for Kasia Kowalska.Instead of putting out a \"best of\" package, she recorded an entirely new album called \"Samotna w wielkim miescie\" (Lonely in a big city).On June 23, 2008, she gave birth to her second child, son Ignacy U\u0142anowski.\nIn November 2008 she released album Antepenultimate promoted by the single A Ty Czego Chcesz (And What Do You Want).\nOn November 7, 2010, together with an accompanying band, she played a concert in the studio of Agnieszka Osiecka, in which she presented her own interpretations of works by Grzegorz Ciechowski, leader of the Republika band, as well as the producer of her debut album and her musical mentor. Recordings recorded during the concert were released on the album Ciechowski. My blood.\nOn June 12, 2010, she unveiled the star in the Avenue of Stars at the Polish Song Festival in Opole.\nAt the 20th Woodstock Festival in 2014, Kasia Kowalska celebrated the 20th anniversary of her debut album. During a night concert at the Academy of Fine Arts (before the official start of the festival), she and the guests presented the most beautiful songs from the first two albums (primarily from the album \"Gemini\") and covers of artists who inspired her over the years. It was the first \"own\" concert of Kasia Kowalska at the Woodstock Festival. Earlier Kasia sang on the woodstock stage as a guest: in 2009 (in a special project Woodstock '69), as a guest of Juliette Lewis at her concert, and a year later she took part in the project \"Przystanek Republika\". On July 27, 2015 Kasia released album \"Przystanek Woodstock 2014\" (CD/DVD) which is a record of a concert from 2014.\nOn August 16, 2018, she performed as part of the Top of the Top Sopot Festival, performing a short recital on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of her artistic work. During the concert, she received the \"Top of the Top\" award for lifetime achievement.\nHer fans had been waiting for 10 years for her last album \"Aya\". It includes a song \"Somewhere Inside\" written by Canadian singer Alannah Myles, known for her hit \"Black Velvet\".\nOn October 25, 2019 Kasia released album \"MTV Unplugged\", which is a record of a legendary series concert that took place on May 8, 2019 at the Shakespeare Theater in Gda\u0144sk.\n\n", "Q124116": "Arnold Poepke (born 25 November 1901 in Kaminsker Hauland, Kreis Obornik - 14 July 1989 in Northeim) was a German politician and member of the CDU.\nAfter attending school, P\u00f6pke completed an apprenticeship as a locksmith, and first worked as a locksmith in Pozna\u0144 and later switched to the Friedrich Krupp AG in Essen. He spent some time at the Evangelical-Social School in Spandau and was active from 1923 to 1933 as a Protestant workers and association secretary. At the same time, from 1929 to 1933, he attended evening high schools in Kassel and Berlin. Then he began to study political science and economics, graduating in 1937 with a doctorate.\nFrom 1939 to 1945, he participated as a soldier in the Second World War. When the war ended, he went into Soviet captivity, but was discharged in 1948.\nAfter 1951, P\u00f6pke was Managing Director of the Protestant working class movement. He also served as executive Chairman of the Institute of Labor Education in Essen.\nP\u00f6pke belonged to the German Bundestag from 1961 to until 1965. He was also a representative of the North Rhine-Westphalia Landtag.", "Q625721": "\u00c1ngel Luis Arambilet \u00c1lvarez (born September 16, 1957), generally known professionally as simply Arambilet, is a novelist, poet, screenwriter, painter, graphic artist and filmmaker of Spanish-Dominican descent.\n\n", "Q57670": "Yingluck Shinawatra (Thai: \u0e22\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e0a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23, RTGS: Yinglak Chinnawat, pronounced [j\u00ee\u014b.l\u00e1k t\u0361\u0255\u02b0\u012bn.n\u0101.w\u00e1t]; Serbian: Jingluk \u0160inavatra; born 21 June 1967), nicknamed Pou (Thai: \u0e1b\u0e39, RTGS: Pu, pronounced [p\u016b\u02d0], meaning \"crab\"), is a Thai businesswoman, politician and a member of the Pheu Thai Party who became the Prime Minister of Thailand following the 2011 election. Yingluck was Thailand's first female Prime Minister and its youngest in over 60 years. She was removed from office on 7 May 2014 by a Constitutional Court decision.Born in Chiang Mai Province into a wealthy family of Hakka Chinese descent and Lannaese royal family, Yingluck Shinawatra earned a bachelor's degree from Chiang Mai University and a master's degree from Kentucky State University, both in public administration. She then became an executive in the businesses founded by her elder brother, Thaksin Shinawatra and later became the president of property developer SC Asset and managing director of Advanced Info Service. Thaksin served as Prime Minister from 2001 until 2006 when he was overthrown by a military coup. He fled abroad shortly before he was convicted in absentia of using his position to increase his own wealth. He has since lived in self-imposed exile to avoid his sentence in prison.\nIn May 2011, the Pheu Thai Party, which maintains close ties to Thaksin, nominated Yingluck as their candidate for Prime Minister in the 2011 election. She campaigned on a platform of national reconciliation, poverty eradication, and corporate income tax reduction and won a landslide victory.\nAfter mass protests against her government in late 2013, she asked for a dissolution of parliament on 9 December 2013, triggering a snap election, but continued to act as caretaker prime minister. On 7 May 2014, the Constitutional Court of Thailand removed Yingluck Shinawatra from the office of caretaker prime minister and defence minister following months of political crisis. The court found her guilty of charges of abuse of power over the removal of national security chief Thawil Pliensri in 2011. In the wake of the May 2014 military coup, Yingluck was arrested along with former cabinet ministers and political leaders of all parties and held at an army camp for a few days while the coup was consolidated.\nShe was tried in 2016 but did not appear in court in August 2017 for the verdict. An arrest warrant was issued. She reportedly fled the country. In September 2017, she was found guilty in absentia and sentenced to five years in prison. She is rumoured to now be in London, England. Yingluck has become the chairwoman and legal representative of Shantou International Container Terminals Ltd since 12 December 2018, a Chinese port operator, operating in the Shantou Port area in eastern Guangdong.", "Q4538307": "Janusz II of P\u0142ock (pl: Janusz II p\u0142ocki; ca. 1455 - 16 February 1495), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast in the Masovian branch. He was a Duke of Warsaw, Nur, \u0141om\u017ca, Liw, Ciechan\u00f3w, Wyszogr\u00f3d and Zakroczym during 1454-1471 jointly with his brothers (under regency until 1462), Duke of P\u0142ock, P\u0142o\u0144sk, Zawkrze and Wizna during 1462-1471, and after the division of the paternal domains in 1471, sole ruler over Ciechan\u00f3w and \u0141om\u017ca, since 1475 also ruler over P\u0142ock, P\u0142o\u0144sk, Zawkrze and Wizna, since 1484 ruler over B\u0142onie, Tarczyn and Kamieniec, since 1489 ruler over Wyszogr\u00f3d.\nHe was the eighth and youngest son of Boles\u0142aw IV of Warsaw and Barbara Aleksandr\u00f3wna, a Lithuanian princess, (granddaughter of Vladimir Olgerdovich). He was born posthumously, because his father died on 10 September 1454.", "Q1671161": "Matt Darriau (born in Bloomington, Indiana), is a Balkan, klezmer, Celtic and jazz musician. His most notable work is with Balkan rhythm quartet Paradox Trio, The Klezmatics, and Orange Then Blue.Other musical projects include Ballin' the Jack, Yo Lateef, Disastro Totale (with Yuri Lemeshev), Whirligig, Celtic Eclectic, CCXMD (with Cinema Cinema), and Shabbes Elevator.\nDarriau grew up listening to Balkan, Israeli, and other styles of world music. He moved to Boston to study at the New England Conservatory of Music in the third stream program. He now resides in New York City.", "Q673567": "David McAlister Barry (born July 3, 1947) is an American author and columnist who wrote a nationally syndicated humor column for the Miami Herald from 1983 to 2005. He has also written numerous books of humor and parody, as well as comic novels. Barry's honors include the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary (1988) and the Walter Cronkite Award for Excellence in Journalism (2005).\nBarry has defined a sense of humor as \"a measurement of the extent to which we realize that we are trapped in a world almost totally devoid of reason. Laughter is how we express the anxiety we feel at this knowledge.\"", "Q172350": "Jean Lucas (25 April 1917 \u2013 27 September 2003) was a racing driver from France. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 11 September 1955. Lucas was then manager of the Gordini team, and when regular driver Robert Manzon was unable to race, he stepped in to take his place. His retired his car with engine failure and scored no championship points.\nLucas' best results as a driver were in sports car racing at the wheel of a Ferrari, winning at Spa-Francorchamps and Montlh\u00e9ry in 1949. He retired in 1957 after a crash at the Moroccan Grand Prix.", "Q434680": "Nava Semel (Hebrew: \u05e0\u05d0\u05d5\u05d4 \u05e1\u05de\u05dc\u200e; born Nava Artzi; 15 September 1954 \u2013 2 December 2017) was an Israeli author, playwright, screenwriter and translator. Her short story collection Kova Zekhukhit (Hat of Glass) was the first work of fiction published in Israel to address the topic of the \"Second Generation\" - children of Holocaust survivors.\n\n", "Q123679": "Abraham-Louis Breguet (10 January 1747 \u2013 17 September 1823), born in Neuch\u00e2tel, then a Prussian principality, was a horologist who made many innovations in the course of a career in watchmaking in France. In his lifetime he was considered the leading watchmaker of his day, and he built up a clientele that included many leading public figures and members of the European nobility.\nAlongside his friend and contemporary John Arnold, Breguet is now widely acknowledged as one of the greatest horologists of all time. One of his famous ancestors was Jean Breguet (who died in 1593) a Protestant pastor in Neuch\u00e2tel very much influenced by the ideas of John Calvin.\nHe is the founder of the Breguet company, which is now the luxury watch division of the Swiss Swatch Group.", "Q3346431": "Nuno Roque is a Portuguese artist, actor, singer-songwriter and director.", "Q1478857": "Mary (Arabic: \u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0645\u200e, Maryam), the mother of Isa (Jesus), holds a singularly exalted place in Islam as the only woman named in the Quran, which refers to her seventy times and explicitly identifies her as the greatest of all women, stating, with reference to the angelic saluation during the annunciation, \"O Mary, God has chosen you, and purified you; He has chosen you above all the women of creation.\" In the Quran, her story is related in three Meccan chapters (19, 21, 23) and four Medinan chapters (3, 4, 5, 66), and the nineteenth chapter of the scripture, titled \"Mary\" (Surah Maryam), is named after her. The Quran refers to Mary more often than the New Testament.\n\nAccording to the Quran, divine grace surrounded Mary from birth, and, as a young woman, she received a message from God through the archangel Gabriel that God had chosen her, purified her, and had preferred her above all \"the women of the worlds.\" This event, according to the same narrative, was followed by the annunciation of a child who was to be miraculously conceived by her through the intervention of the divine spirit while she was still virgin, whose name would be Jesus and who would be the \"anointed one,\" the Promised Messiah. As such, orthodox Islamic belief \"has upheld the tenet of the virgin birth of Jesus,\" and although the classical Islamic thinkers never dwelt on the question of the perpetual virginity of Mary at any great length, it was generally agreed in traditional Islam that Mary remained a virgin throughout her life, with the Quran's mention of Mary's purification \u201cfrom the touch of men\u201d implying perpetual virginity in the minds of many of the most prominent Islamic fathers.", "Q207011": "Neuroscience (or neurobiology) is the scientific study of the nervous system. It is a multidisciplinary branch of biology that combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, mathematical modeling, and psychology to understand the fundamental and emergent properties of neurons and neural circuits. The understanding of the biological basis of learning, memory, behavior, perception, and consciousness has been described by Eric Kandel as the \"ultimate challenge\" of the biological sciences.The scope of neuroscience has broadened over time to include different approaches used to study the nervous system at different scales and the techniques used by neuroscientists have expanded enormously, from molecular and cellular studies of individual neurons to imaging of sensory, motor and cognitive tasks in the brain.", "Q2822458": "The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation or RANEPA (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0420\u0410\u041d\u0425\u0438\u0413\u0421), is the largest federal state-funded institution of higher professional education located in Moscow, Russia.\nWith the merger of ANE, RAPA, 12 other regional civil service academies in 2010, the newly formed Russian Presidential Academy became the largest socioeconomic and humanities university in Russia and Europe.The Academy consists of 22 faculties, and includes the Graduate School of Corporate Management (President \u2013 acad. Abel Aganbegyan). It is a Consultative body under the Government of Russian Federation.", "Q4067386": "Roman Valer'evich Antonov (born 24 January 1972) is a Russian businessman and politician who represents United Russia as a deputy in the State Duma of the Russian Federation. Since 2012, he has served as Assistant Presidential Envoy to the Volga Federal District.", "Q271187": "Clara Reisenberg Rockmore (9 March 1911 \u2013 10 May 1998) was a classical violin prodigy and a virtuoso performer of the theremin, an electronic musical instrument. She was the sister of pianist Nadia Reisenberg.\n\n", "Q48988": "Marie Louise Killick (in some sources Maria, 1914\u20131964; nee Benson) was an English audio engineer who patented the truncated-tip sapphire stylus in 1945 for playing gramophone records. The tradename of her invention was Sapphox.", "Q95525": "Arno Surminski (born 20 August 1934 in J\u00e4glack, East Prussia) is a German writer, living in Hamburg, a father of three and a grandfather of 8.\nAfter growing up in East Prussia, his parents were deported to the Soviet Union, while he was expelled to Schleswig-Holstein. Having finished his school education there, he was apprenticed to a lawyer from 1950-1953.\nHe lived in Canada from 1957 to 1960, but then came back to Germany, where he worked for an insurance company from 1962 until 1972.\nSince 1972, apart from writing, he has been working as a journalist, specialising in economy and insurance. His fame is mainly due to his novels, the principal themes of which are his recollections of a happy childhood and the fate of the deportees; he has no interest however in revenge, but only wants to preserve his childhood memories. Several of his books were used for TV productions.\nSince 2001, he has been working as an ombudsman in the field of health insurance.", "Q454174": "Amanda Stewart (born 1959) is a contemporary Australian poet and sound/performance artist.\nAmanda Stewart began writing and performing poetry in the 1970s and has since produced a wide array of sound, video and multimedia work. In the 1980s she worked for ABC radio as a producer. Amanda Stewart received the \u00c5ke Blomstr\u00f6m Award in 1988. In 1989 she co-founded the performance ensemble Machine for Making Sense with Chris Mann, Rik Rue, Jim Denley and Stevie Wishart, and in 1995 started the trio Allos. She has toured Europe, the United States and Japan. She co-wrote and directed the 1990 film Eclipse of the Man-Made Sun about nuclear weapons in popular culture. Her opera The Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior, written with the composer Colin Bright, was performed as part of the Sydney Festival on Sydney Harbour in 1997. It has since been produced for radio by the ABC Radio National. Her collected works book and CD entitled I/T won the 1999 Anne Elder Award for poetry.", "Q328780": "Wade Dominguez (May 10, 1966 \u2013 August 26, 1998) was an American actor, model, singer, and dancer best known for his role as Emilio Ram\u00edrez in Dangerous Minds.", "Q339855": "Fran\u00e7ois Bourdoncle (born 1964) is founder and Chief Strategist of the search engine company Exalead. He is currently president of FB&Cie.", "Q4015076": "Vito Gnutti (14 September 1939 \u2013 6 December 2008) was an Italian politician.", "Q120370": "Joseph Spillmann (b. at Zug, Switzerland, 22 April 1842; d. at Luxembourg, 23 February 1905) was a Swiss Jesuit children's author. \n\n", "Q87121": "Jean-Pierre Mourer (August 19, 1897 in Wittring, Moselle \u2013 June 10, 1947 in \u00cele Napol\u00e9on, Mulhouse) was an Alsatian politician. He was elected to the French National Assembly in 1928, 1932 and 1936.A railway employee, Mourer joined the French Communist Party and was elected to parliament in April from the second constituency of Strasbourg. In a second round of voting, he defeated Georges Weill by 7,140 votes against 6,013. In parliament, he was a member of the committees on Algeria, colonies and protectorates, liberated regions, hygiene and economy.Mourer was expelled from the French Communist Party in July 1929. In October 1929, he became one of the leaders of the Opposition Communist Party of Alsace-Lorraine.In the 1932 election, he defeated the socialist Marcel-Edmond Naegelen with 6,575 votes against 6,192 in the second round.In the 1936, he was re-elected in the second round with 5,844 votes.In the autumn of 1939, he was arrested along with other prominent Alsatian autonomists. In 1940, he was freed by German forces, and was appointed as the Kreisleiter (Chief Administrator) of the Mulhouse district by the German authorities. His appointment as Kreisleiter materialized in spite of reservations from the Gestapo, who were reluctant to see a former communist occupy such a strategic office. During this period, he Germanized his name to 'Hans Peter Murer'.Murer was arrested by American forces in Munich in August 1945. He was detained at Bad Mergentheim, and was later handed over to French authorities and imprisoned at Mulhouse jail.After the war, the Court of Justice of Haut-Rhin sentenced him to death on February 26, 1947, for collaboration with the Germans. He was executed by a firing squad, headed by De Torres, on June 10, 1947, on \u00cele Napol\u00e9on.Notably, evidence in Mourer's case focused primarily not on collaboration during the occupation itself but rather on the contacts he allegedly had with Germany prior to the war.", "Q263583": "House on Haunted Hill is a 1959 American campy supernatural horror film directed by William Castle. The film was written by Robb White and stars Vincent Price and Carol Ohmart. Price plays an eccentric millionaire, Frederick Loren, who, along with his wife Annabelle, has invited five people to the house for a \"haunted house\" party. Whoever stays in the house for one night will earn $10,000. As the night progresses, the guests are trapped within the house with an assortment of terrors.\nThe film utilizes many props used in carnival haunted houses to generate fear and terror. The film is in the public domain.", "Q253440": "Katie McGrath () is an Irish actress. In television, she is best known for portraying Morgana on the BBC One series Merlin (2008\u20132012), Lucy Westenra on the British-American series Dracula (2013\u20132014), Sarah Bennett in the first season of the Canadian horror anthology series Slasher (2016) and for her role as Lena Luthor on the American superhero series Supergirl (2016\u2013present). Her film roles include Lady Thelma Furness in the drama film W.E. and Jules Daley in the Christmas movie A Princess for Christmas, (2011), Zara Young in the science fiction adventure film Jurassic World (2015) and Elsa in the epic fantasy film King Arthur: Legend of the Sword (2017).", "Q287177": "ABC Records was an American record label founded in New York City in 1955. It originated as the main popular music label operated by the Am-Par Record Corporation. Am-Par also created the Impulse! jazz label in 1960. It acquired many labels before ABC was sold to MCA Records in 1979. ABC produced music in a variety of genres: pop, rock, jazz, country, rhythm and blues, soundtrack, gospel, and polka. In addition to producing records, ABC licensed masters from independent record producers, and purchased regionally released records for national distribution.\nThe label was initially called Am-Par Records (1955), but quickly changed to ABC-Paramount Records (1955\u20131966), and then renamed ABC Records in 1966.", "Q273790": "Marya Justine Hornbacher (born April 4, 1974) is an American author and freelance journalist.\nHer book Wasted: A Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia, is an autobiographical account of her struggle with eating disorders, written when she was twenty-three. This is the book which originally brought attention to Hornbacher. It has been translated into sixteen languages and sold over a million copies in the U.S.\n\n", "Q10873124": "This list of chess players includes people who are primarily known as chess players and have an article on the English Wikipedia.", "Q97332": "Barbara Anne Hendricks (born 29 April 1952) is a German politician and member of the SPD party.\nFrom 2013 until 2018, Hendrick served as Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. From 2007 to 2013, she was Federal Treasurer of the SPD, and from 1998 to 2007 she was Parliamentary Secretary of State at the Federal Ministry of Finance.", "Q216134": "Upton Beall Sinclair Jr. (September 20, 1878 \u2013 November 25, 1968) was an American writer who wrote nearly 100 books and other works in several genres. Sinclair's work was well known and popular in the first half of the 20th century, and he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1943.\nIn 1906, Sinclair acquired particular fame for his classic muck-raking novel The Jungle, which exposed labor and sanitary conditions in the U.S. meatpacking industry, causing a public uproar that contributed in part to the passage a few months later of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act. In 1919, he published The Brass Check, a muck-raking expos\u00e9 of American journalism that publicized the issue of yellow journalism and the limitations of the \"free press\" in the United States. Four years after publication of The Brass Check, the first code of ethics for journalists was created. Time magazine called him \"a man with every gift except humor and silence\". He is also well remembered for the line: \"It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends upon his not understanding it.\" He used this line in speeches and the book about his campaign for governor as a way to explain why the editors and publishers of the major newspapers in California would not treat seriously his proposals for old age pensions and other progressive reforms.Many of his novels can be read as historical works. Writing during the Progressive Era, Sinclair describes the world of industrialized America from both the working man's and the industrialist's points of view. Novels such as King Coal (1917), The Coal War (published posthumously), Oil! (1927), and The Flivver King (1937) describe the working conditions of the coal, oil, and auto industries at the time.\nThe Flivver King describes the rise of Henry Ford, his \"wage reform\" and his company's Sociological Department, to his decline into antisemitism as publisher of The Dearborn Independent. King Coal confronts John D. Rockefeller Jr., and his role in the 1913 Ludlow Massacre in the coal fields of Colorado.\nSinclair was an outspoken socialist and ran unsuccessfully for Congress as a nominee from the Socialist Party. He was also the Democratic Party candidate for Governor of California during the Great Depression, running under the banner of the End Poverty in California campaign, but was defeated in the 1934 elections.", "Q250161": "Dennis Banks (Ojibwe, April 12, 1937 \u2013 October 29, 2017) was a Native American activist, teacher, and author. He was a longtime leader of the American Indian Movement, which he co-founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1968 to represent urban Indians.\nBorn on Leech Lake Indian Reservation in northern Minnesota, he was also known as Nowa Cumig (Naawakamig in the Double Vowel System), which in the Ojibwe language means \"in the center of the universe.\"", "Q739452": "Garden City is an incorporated village in Nassau County, New York, United States, in the town of Hempstead. It was founded by multi-millionaire Alexander Turney Stewart in 1869, and is on Long Island, to the east of New York City, 18.5 miles (29.8 km) from midtown Manhattan. The village is located mostly in the Town of Hempstead with a small portion in the Town of North Hempstead.As of the 2010 census, Garden City's population was 22,371.The Garden City name is applied to several other unincorporated, nearby jurisdictions, as well. In the region, hamlets such as Garden City South, Garden City Park, and East Garden City are located next to the incorporated village of Garden City, but are not themselves part of it. Roosevelt Field, the shopping center and raceway built on the former airfield from which Charles Lindbergh took off on his landmark 1927 transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis, is located in East Garden City. Adelphi University's main campus is in Garden City.", "Q240372": "Rosalyn Landor (born 7 October 1958) is an English film, television and stage actress and audio book narrator.", "Q132984": "Shota Rustaveli (Georgian: \u10e8\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, c. 1160\u2014after c. 1220), mononymously known simply as Rustaveli, was a medieval Georgian poet. He is considered to be the pre-eminent poet of the Georgian Golden Age and one of the greatest contributors to Georgian literature. Rustaveli was the author of The Knight in the Panther's Skin, which is considered to be a Georgian national epic poem.", "Q2742": "M\u00fcnster (, also US: , German: [\u02c8m\u028fnst\u0250] (listen); Low Franconian and Low German: M\u00f6nster; Latin: Monasterium, from the Greek \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd monast\u0113rion, \"monastery\") is an independent city (Kreisfreie Stadt) in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Westphalia region. It is also capital of the local government region M\u00fcnsterland. M\u00fcnster was the location of the Anabaptist rebellion during the Protestant Reformation and the site of the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia ending the Thirty Years' War in 1648. Today it is known as the bicycle capital of Germany.\nM\u00fcnster gained the status of a Gro\u00dfstadt (major city) with more than 100,000 inhabitants in 1915. As of 2014, there are 300,000 people living in the city, with about 61,500 students, only some of whom are recorded in the official population statistics as having their primary residence in M\u00fcnster.", "Q92262": "Judy Winter (born Beate Richard; January 4, 1944 in Friedland in Oberschlesien now Korfant\u00f3w, Poland) is a German actress. She resides in Berlin.", "Q66485": "Jaipur ( (listen)) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan. As of 2011, the city had a population of 3.1 million, making it the tenth most populous city in the country. Jaipur is also known as the Pink City, due to the dominant color scheme of its buildings. It is located 268 km (167 miles) from the national capital New Delhi.\nJaipur was founded in 1727 by the Rajput ruler Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amer, after whom the city is named. It was one of the earliest planned cities of modern India, designed by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya. During the British Colonial period, the city served as the capital of Jaipur State. After independence in 1947, Jaipur was made capital of the newly-formed state of Rajasthan.\nJaipur is a popular tourist destination in India and forms a part of the west Golden Triangle tourist circuit along with Delhi and Agra (240 km, 149 mi). It also serves as a gateway to other tourist destinations in Rajasthan such as Jodhpur (348 km, 216 mi), Jaisalmer (571 km, 355 mi), Udaipur (421 km, 262 mi), Kota (252 km, 156 mi) \nand Mount Abu\n(520 km, 323 mi). Jaipur is located 616 km from Shimla.\nOn 6 July 2019, UNESCO World Heritage Committee inscribed Jaipur the \u2018Pink City of India\u2019 among its World Heritage Sites. The city is also home to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites Amber Fort and Jantar Mantar.", "Q15617117": "Joyful Noise Recordings is an independent record label from Indianapolis, Indiana. The label was founded in 2003 in Bloomington, Indiana by Karl Hofstetter, who also played drums on many of the label's first releases. Joyful Noise currently has a roster of 20+ bands of various musical styles, though according to the label, each artist \"in one way or another bridges this gap between pop and noise.\" Along with housing offices and the warehouse of the label, their Fountain Square location hosts live shows and a small record store.\nIn 2010 Joyful Noise began focusing largely on limited edition specialty releases which are generally released on analog formats packaged with music downloads. In addition to releases on vinyl records, the label has gained notoriety for being at the forefront of the resurgence of cassette tapes and flexi-discs, as reported by The Washington Post, Pitchfork Media, Under The Radar, and others.Joyful Noise has released single-album cassettes from Akron/Family, Dinosaur Jr., Deerhoof, of Montreal, Here We Go Magic, and others, and has released multi-album Cassette Box Sets from Dinosaur Jr., of Montreal, and Joan Of Arc.In 2012 Joyful Noise released their first album to chart on Billboard: Kishi Bashi \"151a\" (debuting at #6 on the \"Heatseekers\" chart). Since that time, new music on Joyful Noise from artists such as Sebadoh, Dumb Numbers, David Yow, and Son Lux have all charted.", "Q82071": "Raghupati Sahay (28 August 1896 \u2013 3 March 1982), better known under his pen name Firaq Gorakhpuri, was a writer, critic, and, according to one commentator, one of the most noted contemporary Urdu poets from India. He established himself among peers including Muhammad Iqbal, Yagana Changezi, Jigar Moradabadi and Josh Malihabadi.", "Q983": "Equatorial Guinea (Spanish: Guinea Ecuatorial; French: Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale; Portuguese: Guin\u00e9 Equatorial), officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (Spanish: Rep\u00fablica de Guinea Ecuatorial, French: R\u00e9publique de Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale, Portuguese: Rep\u00fablica da Guin\u00e9 Equatorial), is a country located on the west coast of Central Africa, with an area of 28,000 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi). Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its post-independence name evokes its location near both the Equator and the Gulf of Guinea. Equatorial Guinea is the only sovereign African state in which Spanish is an official language. As of 2015, the country had an estimated population of 1,222,245.Equatorial Guinea consists of two parts, an insular and a mainland region. The insular region consists of the islands of Bioko (formerly Fernando P\u00f3) in the Gulf of Guinea and Annob\u00f3n, a small volcanic island which is the only part of the country south of the equator. Bioko Island is the northernmost part of Equatorial Guinea and is the site of the country's capital, Malabo. The Portuguese-speaking island nation of S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe is located between Bioko and Annob\u00f3n. The mainland region, R\u00edo Muni, is bordered by Cameroon on the north and Gabon on the south and east. It is the location of Bata, Equatorial Guinea's largest city, and Ciudad de la Paz, the country's planned future capital. Rio Muni also includes several small offshore islands, such as Corisco, Elobey Grande, and Elobey Chico. The country is a member of the African Union, Francophonie, OPEC and the CPLP.\nSince the mid-1990s, Equatorial Guinea has become one of sub-Saharan Africa's largest oil producers. It is subsequently the richest country per capita in Africa, and its gross domestic product (GDP) adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita ranks 43rd in the world; however, the wealth is distributed extremely unevenly, with few people benefiting from the oil riches. The country ranks 144th on the 2019 Human Development Index, with less than half the population having access to clean drinking water and 20% of children dying before the age of five.\nEquatorial Guinea's government is authoritarian and has one of the worst human rights records in the world, consistently ranking among the \"worst of the worst\" in Freedom House's annual survey of political and civil rights. Reporters Without Borders ranks President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo among its \"predators\" of press freedom. Human trafficking is a significant problem; the 2012 U.S. Trafficking in Persons Report stated that Equatorial Guinea \"is a source and destination for women and children subjected to forced labour and forced sex trafficking.\" The report rates Equatorial Guinea as a government that \"does not fully comply with minimum standards and is not making significant efforts to do so.\"", "Q174709": "Mehmet Naim Talu (22 July 1919 \u2013 15 May 1998) was a Turkish economist, banker, politician and former Prime Minister of Turkey.", "Q653847": "Richard Halliburton (January 9, 1900 \u2013 presumed dead after March 24, 1939) was an American travel writer, adventurer, and author who is best known today for having swum the length of the Panama Canal and paying the lowest toll in its history\u201436 cents in 1928. His final and fatal adventure, an attempt to sail the Chinese junk Sea Dragon across the Pacific Ocean \u2013 from Hong Kong to the Golden Gate International Exposition in San Francisco, California \u2013 made him legendary.", "Q67943": "Hans Bethge (9 January 1876 \u2013 1 February 1946) was a German poet whose reputation abroad rests above all on the versions of Tang dynasty poetry set in Gustav Mahler's \"Das Lied von der Erde\". The Max-Eyth-Haus in Kirchheim unter Teck houses a permanent exhibit of Hans Bethge's books, photographs and other artifacts, while his manuscripts are preserved at the Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach.", "Q76696": "Ludwig Quidde (23 March 1858, Free City of Bremen \u2013 4 March 1941) was a German politician and pacifist who is mainly remembered today for his acerbic criticism of German Emperor Wilhelm II. Quidde's long career spanned four different eras of German history: that of Bismarck (up to 1890); the Hohenzollern Empire under Wilhelm II (1888\u20131918); the Weimar Republic (1918\u20131933); and, finally, Nazi Germany. In 1927, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.\nBorn into a wealthy bourgeois merchant family, Quidde grew up in Bremen, read history and also got involved in the activities of the German Peace Society (Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft). In his younger years he had already opposed Bismarck's policies. In 1881 he received his PhD at the University of G\u00f6ttingen. In 1894 Quidde published a 17-page pamphlet entitled Caligula. Eine Studie \u00fcber r\u00f6mischen Caesarenwahnsinn (Caligula: A Study of Imperial Insanity). Containing 79 footnotes, the short essay is exclusively about the Roman Empire of the 1st century AD. However, Quidde drew an implicit parallel between the Roman Emperor Caligula and Wilhelm II, de facto accusing both rulers of megalomania. The author had insisted on publishing his pamphlet under his real name, which effectively ended his academic career as a historian when, in some periodical, a short review explained the parallels which otherwise might have gone unnoticed. After he made a derogatory comment on a new medal in honour of William I, German Emperor, German Emperor from 1871 to 1888, he was criminally convicted of l\u00e8se majest\u00e9, and sentenced to three months in prison, which he served in Stadelheim Prison.\nAfter the end of the First World War, Quidde, like most other Germans, vehemently opposed the Treaty of Versailles but for different reasons from German militarists, who hated mainly the vast restrictions laid upon the German armed forces and the impending economic disaster that would be caused by payment of the high reparations that were decreed. He and other German pacifists thought ahead and hoped that US President Woodrow Wilson would win the day, pointing out that such severe conditions would already sow the seeds of a new war:\n\nEin gedem\u00fctigtes, zerrissenes und zu k\u00fcmmerlichem wirtschaftlichen Dasein verdammtes deutsches Volk w\u00e4re ebenso eine stete Gefahr f\u00fcr den Weltfrieden, wie ein in seinen unver\u00e4u\u00dferlichen Rechten und Daseinsbedingungen gesch\u00fctztes eine starke St\u00fctze desselben sein w\u00fcrde.\nM\u00f6gen jene, die heute die Macht haben, \u00fcber den n\u00e4chsten Tag hinaus an die Zukunft der Menschheit denken. Eine ungeheure Verantwortung liegt auf ihnen. Etwas ganz Neues kann heute zum Segen aller V\u00f6lker geschaffen werden. Kurzsichtiger Missbrauch der heutigen Macht kann alles verderben.A humiliated and torn German nation condemned to economic misery would be a constant danger to world peace, just as a protected German nation whose inalienable rights and subsistence are safeguarded would be a strong pillar of such world peace.\nMay those who are in power today think beyond this day and consider the future of mankind. Their responsibility is enormous. Today, an altogether new order can be created for the benefit of all peoples. Short-sighted misuse of that power can ruin everything.(\"Announcement of the German Peace Society\", 15 November 1918, co-authored by Quidde)When Hitler came to power in 1933, Quidde escaped to Switzerland, finally settling down in Geneva for the rest of his days. He remained an optimist throughout his life. Aged 76, he published his essay \"Landfriede und Weltfriede\" (1934) at a time when militarism was again on the rise, believing that modern technology might serve as a deterrent from war:\n\n[\u2026] die Entwicklung der Technik, die den modernen Krieg immer mehr zu einem selbstm\u00f6rderischen Wahnsinn gemacht hat, dem Kriege ein Ende setzen wird. Das hat im Grunde genommen schon Kant vorausgesehen, der die Schaffung eines \"ewigen Friedens\" nicht etwa von einer Hebung der Moral erwartete, sondern vom Kriege, der so unertr\u00e4glich werden w\u00fcrde, dass die Menschheit sich gen\u00f6tigt sehen w\u00fcrde, den Frieden zu sichern.[It is] today's technological development which has turned modern war into a suicidal nightmare and which will put an end to war. This was already predicted by Kant, who expected \"perpetual peace\" to be established not due to the moral perfection of man but due to modern warfare, which would be so unbearable that mankind would see itself forced to guarantee everlasting peace.Ludwig Quidde died in his Swiss exile in 1941, aged 82.", "Q59675": "Jos\u00e9 Maria Sanchez-Silva y Garcia-Morales (11 November 1911 \u2013 13 January 2002) was a Spanish writer. He received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1968 for his contribution to children's literature. He is best known for his novel Marcelino Bread and Wine (1953) which was filmed in 1955, as Miracle of Marcelino.", "Q501161": "Pamela Jiles Moreno (November 30, 1960) is a Chilean journalist.", "Q458766": "Peter Hyams (born July 26, 1943) is an American film director, screenwriter and cinematographer known for directing Capricorn One, the 1981 science fiction-thriller Outland, the 1984 science fiction film, 2010: The Year We Make Contact (a sequel to Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey), the 1986 action/comedy Running Scared, the comic book adaptation Timecop, the action film Sudden Death (both starring Jean-Claude Van Damme), and the horror films The Relic and End of Days.", "Q382755": "Gilberto Braga (Rio de Janeiro, 1 November 1945) is a Brazilian telenovela writer born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "Q379281": "Lili Boniche (\u00c9lie Boniche, 1921 \u2013 March 6, 2008) was an Algerian born French singer of Andalusian-Arab music. Boniche was the heir to an erudite, centuries-long tradition of Algerian song and a pillar of Franco-Arab music. \nBorn into a Sephardic Jewish family in the Casbah area of Algiers, Boniche was a child prodigy who taught himself to play his father's mandola at the age of seven. Later as an in-demand singer throughout France in the 1940s and during wartime. Boniche incorporated the tango, paso doble and mambo into his repertoire, especially while entertaining the troops. He is known for having sung with Arabic lyrics a number of great Cuban popular songs as part of his regular repertoire. He retired in the 1950s, only to launch a second career in 1990, releasing the album Boniche Dub in 1998, produced by Bill Laswell and fashion doyen Jean Touitou. The album earned him new fans across Europe. This retrospective combining his greatest hits and previously unreleased works not only fills a gap with regard to available recordings, but it pays tribute to an important pioneer of cultural fusion.\nIn addition to writing music for commercial release, he also was a film composer.. He died in Paris.", "Q99337": "Lore Agnes (4 June 1876, Bochum, Westphalia \u2013 9 June 1953, Cologne) was a German politician. A house-wife from D\u00fcsseldorf, Agnes was a leading figure in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the socialist women's movement in the city. She was a member of parliament 1919-1933.Agnes was the daughter of a coal miner from Bochum. She moved to D\u00fcsseldorf in 1906. As a socialist women's activist, she founded a Domestic Workers' Association.At the 1913 Jena congress of the SPD, Agnes belonged to the radical anti-militarist grouping, and supported Rosa Luxemburg's call for general strike action. After the SPD split, Agnes became a leading personality in the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD). She was jailed in 1914, after having given an anti-war speech at an International Women's Day meeting. In her speech she had called on the women of Germany to organize resistance against the war.At the time of the outbreak of the November Revolution, Agnes and other left leaders from D\u00fcsseldorf were jailed. Agnes belonged to the group that was freed as revolutionaries stormed the prison, and she immediately became a leading organizer of the revolution in D\u00fcsseldorf. She was put in charge of issues relating to food, health and welfare on behalf of the D\u00fcsseldorf council.Agnes was elected to the Weimar National Assembly in the 1919 election as a candidate of the USPD from the Electoral District no. 22 (D\u00fcsseldorf-East). The USPD had won 18.7% of the votes in that Electoral District, in which Agnes had headed the list of the party.When the USPD split, Agnes sided with the rightwing tendency, that rejoined the SPD. As a SPD Reichstag member, Agnes represented a moderate leftist standpoint within the party. She was a member of the Reichtag presidium from 1922 onwards. She was also a member of the D\u00fcsseldorf municipal council until 1928.At the age of 68, Agnes was arrested by Gestapo.In 1945, she again became a member of the D\u00fcsseldorf municipal council. She remained a member of the Women's Commission of SPD until her death.", "Q9617": "Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Islington, London, England, that plays in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has won 13 League titles, a record 13 FA Cups, two League Cups, 15 FA Community Shields, the only League Centenary Trophy, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup.\nArsenal was the first club from the South of England to join The Football League, in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division, and have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970\u201371, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1989 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position.Herbert Chapman won Arsenal's first national trophies, but died prematurely. He helped introduce the WM formation, floodlights, and shirt numbers, and added the white sleeves and brighter red to the club's kit. Ars\u00e8ne Wenger was the longest-serving manager and won the most trophies. He won a record seven FA Cups, and his title-winning team set an English record for the longest top-flight unbeaten league run at 49 games between 2003 and 2004, becoming the first team in modern history to go a season unbeaten, in 2003-04, receiving the nickname The Invincibles.\nIn 1886, Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913, the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, becoming close neighbours of Tottenham Hotspur, and creating the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the nearby Emirates Stadium. In terms of revenue, Arsenal is the ninth highest-earning football club in the world, earned \u20ac487.6m in 2016\u201317 season. Based on social media activity from 2014 to 2015, Arsenal's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world. In 2018, Forbes estimated the club was the third most valuable in England, with the club being worth $2.24 billion.", "Q101396": "Dirk Bielefeldt (born 1957 in Hamburg) is a German actor and cabaret artist, particularly famous for his role of the policeman, Herr Holm.", "Q3529285": "Tipping the Velvet is a 2002 BBC television drama serial based on the best-selling debut novel by Sarah Waters of the same name. It originally screened in three episodes on BBC Two and was produced for the BBC by the independent production company Sally Head Productions. It stars Rachael Stirling, Keeley Hawes, and Jodhi May.\nDirected by Geoffrey Sax, the novel was adapted by screenwriter Andrew Davies. The production was made available on DVD by BBC Worldwide soon after broadcast.", "Q182921": "Reza Shah Pahlavi (Persian: \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u067e\u0647\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u200e; pronounced [\u027ee\u02c8z\u0252\u02d0 \u02c8\u0283\u0252\u02d0h-e p\u00e6hl\u00e6\u02c8vi\u02d0]; 15 March 1878 \u2013 26 July 1944), commonly known as Reza Shah, was the Shah of Iran from 15 December 1925 until he was forced to abdicate by the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran on 16 September 1941.\nTwo years after the 1921 Persian coup d'\u00e9tat, led by Zia'eddin Tabatabaee, Reza Pahlavi became Iran's prime minister. The appointment was backed by the compliant national assembly of Iran. In 1925 Reza Pahlavi was appointed as the legal monarch of Iran by decision of Iran's constituent assembly. The assembly deposed Ahmad Shah Qajar, the last Shah of the Qajar dynasty, and amended Iran\u2019s 1906 constitution to allow selection of Reza Pahlavi. He founded the Pahlavi dynasty that lasted until overthrown in 1979 during the Iranian Revolution. Reza Shah introduced many social, economic, and political reforms during his reign, ultimately laying the foundation of the modern Iranian state.\nHis legacy remains controversial to this day. His defenders assert that he was an essential modernizing force for Iran (whose international prominence had sharply declined during Qajar rule), while his detractors assert that his reign was often despotic, with his failure to modernize Iran's large peasant population eventually sowing the seeds for the Iranian Revolution nearly four decades later, which ended 2,500 years of Persian monarchy. Moreover, his insistence on ethnic nationalism and cultural unitarism, along with forced detribalization and sedentarization, resulted in the suppression of several ethnic and social groups. Albeit he himself was of Mazandarani descent, his government carried out an extensive policy of Persianization trying to create a single, united and largely homogeneous nation, similar to Atat\u00fcrk's policy of Turkification.", "Q1988877": "TASS Is Authorized to Declare... (Russian: \u0422\u0410\u0421\u0421 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c..., translit. TASS upolnomochen zayavit...) is a 1984 Soviet spy miniseries directed by Vladimir Fokin. The series is set in Cold War era and portrays the struggle of Soviet and American intelligence agencies. It is based on a novel by the same name by Yulian Semyonov (the author of cult spy series Seventeen Moments of Spring). \"17 Moments\" star Vyacheslav Tikhonov played KGB General Konstantinov, the protagonist of the \"TASS...\" series.Original film music score was composed by Eduard Artemyev as a blend of progressive rock and electronic music.", "Q64292": "Lungern is a municipality in the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland. Lake Lungern is located within the municipality. Besides Lungern itself, the municipality includes the settlements of B\u00fcrglen, Kaiserstuhl and Obsee.", "Q127437": "Carl Christian Schurz (German: [\u0283\u028a\u0250\u032fts]; March 2, 1829 \u2013 May 14, 1906) was a German revolutionary and an American statesman, journalist, and reformer. He emigrated to the United States after the German revolutions of 1848\u201349 and became a prominent member of the new Republican Party. After serving as a Union general in the American Civil War, he helped found the short-lived Liberal Republican Party and became a prominent advocate of civil service reform. Schurz represented Missouri in the United States Senate and was the 13th United States Secretary of the Interior.\nBorn in the Kingdom of Prussia's Rhine Province, Schurz fought for democratic reforms in the German revolutions of 1848\u201349 as a member of the academic fraternity association Deutsche Burschenschaft. After Prussia suppressed the revolution Schurz fled to France. When police forced him to leave France he migrated to London. Like many other \"Forty-Eighters,\" he then emigrated to the United States, settling in Watertown, Wisconsin, in 1852. After being admitted to the Wisconsin bar, he established a legal practice in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He also became a strong advocate for the anti-slavery movement and joined the newly organized Republican Party, unsuccessfully running for Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin. After briefly representing the United States as Minister (ambassador) to Spain, Schurz served as a general in the American Civil War, fighting in the Battle of Gettysburg and other major battles.\nAfter the war, Schurz established a newspaper in St. Louis, Missouri, and won election to the U.S. Senate, becoming the first German-born American elected to that body. Breaking with Republican President Ulysses S. Grant, Schurz helped establish the Liberal Republican Party. The party advocated civil service reform and opposed Grant's efforts to protect African-American civil rights in the Southern United States during Reconstruction. Schurz chaired the 1872 Liberal Republican convention, which nominated a ticket that unsuccessfully challenged President Grant in the 1872 presidential election. Schurz lost his own 1874 re-election bid and resumed his career as a newspaper editor.\nAfter Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won the 1876 presidential election, he appointed Schurz as his Secretary of the Interior. Schurz sought to make civil service based on merit rather than political and party connections and helped prevent the transfer of the Bureau of Indian Affairs to the War Department. Schurz moved to New York City after Hayes left office in 1881 and briefly served as the editor of the New York Evening Post and The Nation and later became the editorial writer for Harper's Weekly. He remained active in politics and led the \"Mugwump\" movement, which opposed nominating James G. Blaine in the 1884 presidential election. Schurz opposed William Jennings Bryan's bimetallism in the 1896 presidential election but supported Bryan's anti-imperalist campaign in the 1900 presidential election. Schurz died in New York City in 1906.", "Q54351": "Lee Seung-chul (Korean: \uc774\uc2b9\ucca0; Hanja: \u674e\u627f\u54f2; born December 5, 1966) is a South Korean singer best known for the hit songs, \"My Love\", \"Never Ending Story\", and \"Girls' Generation\". He debuted in 1986 as the vocalist of the rock band Boohwal, which he left in 1989 to release his first solo album, Don't Say Good-Bye. He has released 12 Korean studio albums in total. He is also active in Japan, where he is known by the stage name Rui.Lee has won several major awards, including the Album Bonsang at the 1989, 2004, and 2009 Golden Disc Awards; Musician of the Year (Male) at the 2005 Korean Music Awards; and Best Vocal Performance (Male) at the 2013 Mnet Asian Music Awards", "Q116832": "Peter Sutermeister (May 28, 1916 \u2013 January 3, 2003) was a Swiss lawyer, writer and opera librettist.\nSutermeister got his Ph.D at University of Bern. He wrote the texts for Heinrich Sutermeister's (his brother) operas Niobe and Raskolnikoff, as well as biographies of Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy and Robert Schumann. From 1953 to 1966 he was the Secretary\u2013General of the Swiss National Science Foundation.", "Q150867": "The Great War (Italian: La grande guerra) is a 1959 Italian comedy-drama war film directed by Mario Monicelli. It tells the story of an odd couple of army buddies in World War I; the movie, while played on a comedic register, does not hide from the viewer the horrors and grimness of trench warfare. Starring Alberto Sordi and Vittorio Gassman and produced by Dino De Laurentiis, the film won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival. Its crew also included Danilo Donati (costumes) and Mario Garbuglia (set designer).\nIt was an Academy Award nominee as Best Foreign Film. In 1999 the critics of Ciak magazine chose it as one of the 100 most important films in history, and was selected to enter the list of the \"100 Italian films to be saved\". It won huge success outside Italy, especially in France.", "Q862073": "Bill Easley (born January 13, 1946) is an American jazz musician who plays saxophone, flute, and clarinet.\nEasley studied at Memphis State University during the 1960s. He worked with George Benson in the late 1960s and with Isaac Hayes in the 1970s. He also did sessions at Stax and Hi Records (with Ann Peebles and Al Green). He moved back to New York in 1980.\nHe has worked with Roland Hanna, Jimmy McGriff, Jimmy Smith, Ruth Brown, James Williams, Bill Mobley, George Caldwell, Mulgrew Miller, Grady Tate, Victor Gaskin, Panama Francis, Mercer Ellington, and Billy Higgins.", "Q290345": "Henriette Ragon (10 June 1918 \u2013 30 April 2015), better known as Patachou, was a French singer and actress. She was an Officier of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur.\n\n", "Q358529": "Giovanni Sartori (Italian: [d\u0292o\u02c8vanni sar\u02c8to\u02d0ri]; 13 May 1924 \u2013 4 April 2017) was an Italian political scientist specialized in the study of democracy and comparative politics.", "Q441551": "Anna Maria Corazza Bildt (n\u00e9e Anna Maria Corazza; born 10 March 1963) is an Italian-Swedish entrepreneur and politician, Member of the European Parliament between 2009 and 2019. She is a member of the Swedish Moderate Party, part of the European People's Party.", "Q2046788": "Gury Vasilievich Kolosov (\u0413\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432, 25 August 1867 \u2013 7 November 1936) was a Russian and Soviet mathematician and engineer. He is best known for his contributions to the theory of elasticity. In 1907 Kolosov derived the solution for stresses around an elliptical hole in a solid material governed by the mathematical theory of elasticity. He showed that the concentration of stress could become far greater, as the radius of curvature at an end of the hole becomes small compared with the overall length of the hole.\n\nBrittle fracture in the form of crack growth is governed by the stress field around the crack tip and by parameters that describe the resistance of the material to crack growth. Thus, the analysis of stress near the crack tip constitutes an essential part of fracture mechanics. ... Among various mathematical methods in plane elasticity, the complex potential function method by Kolosov and Muskhelishvili is one of the most powerful and convenient methods to treat two-dimensional crack problems. In the complex potential method, stresses and displacements are expressed in terms of analytic functions of complex variables. The problem of obtaining stresses and displacements around a crack tip is converted to finding some analytic functions subjected to appropriate boundary conditions.\nKolosov was born in Ust, Novgorod guberniya. He then studied at University of St Petersburg where he continued to after graduation. Eventually, he defended his thesis there under the supervision of V.A. Steklov. He worked at University of Tartu (from 1902 to 1913), but later returned to St Petersburg where he worked at both the University of St Petersburg and the Electrotechnical Institute. He was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1908 at Rome and in 1928 at Bologna.\nKolosov was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1931. He wrote the 1935 monograph \"The use of a complex variable in the theory of elasticity\" (in Russian).\nHe was buried in Smolensky Cemetery.", "Q429821": "Albert Paulsen (born Albert Paulson; 13 December 1925 in Guayaquil, Ecuador \u2013 25 April 2004 in Los Angeles, California) was an Ecuadorian-American actor who appeared in many American television series beginning in the 1960s, playing characters primarily of European origin. He died from natural causes at the age of 78. A life member of The Actors Studio, Paulsen won an Emmy Award in 1964 for the Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre presentation One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, an historical novel by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.\nMr. Paulsen was a graduate of the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre studying under Sanford Meisner.", "Q418424": "Akim Mikhailovich Tamiroff (Armenian: \u0531\u056f\u056b\u0574 \u0539\u0561\u0574\u056b\u0580\u0578\u057e, Russian: \u0410\u043a\u0438\u043c \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432; born Hovakim Tamiryants (Armenian: \u0540\u0578\u057e\u0561\u056f\u056b\u0574 \u0539\u0561\u0574\u056b\u0580\u0575\u0561\u0576\u0581); October 29, 1899 \u2013 September 17, 1972) was an Armenian-American actor. He was nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performances in The General Died at Dawn (1936) and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943), and the latter won him the first Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Tamiroff appeared in at least 80 American motion pictures in a career spanning thirty-seven years.", "Q44624": "Peter Canisius (Dutch: Pieter Kanis, 8 May 1521 \u2013 21 December 1597) was a renowned Dutch Jesuit Catholic priest. He became known for his strong support for the Catholic faith during the Protestant Reformation in Germany, Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The restoration of the Catholic Church in Germany after the Protestant Reformation is largely attributed to the work there of the Society of Jesus, which he led. He is venerated in the Catholic Church as a saint and as a Doctor of the Church.", "Q296734": "Sun Myung Moon (Korean \ubb38\uc120\uba85 Mun Seon-myeong; born Mun Yong-myeong; 6 January 1920 \u2013 3 September 2012) was a Korean religious leader, also known for his business ventures and support for political causes. A messiah claimant, he was the founder of the Unification movement (members of which considered him and his wife Hak Ja Han to be their \"True Parents\"), and of its widely noted \"Blessing\" or mass wedding ceremony, and the author of its unique theology the Divine Principle. He was an opponent of communism and an advocate for Korean reunification, for which he was recognized by the governments of both North and South Korea. Businesses he promoted included News World Communications, an international news media corporation known for its American subsidiary The Washington Times, and Tongil Group, a South Korean business group (chaebol), as well as various related organizations.Moon was born in what is now North Korea. When he was a child, his family converted to Christianity. In 1947, he was convicted by the North Korean government of spying for South Korea and given a five-year sentence to the H\u016dngnam labor camp. In 1954, he founded the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity in Seoul, South Korea based on conservative, family-oriented teachings from new interpretations of the Bible. In 1971, he moved to the United States and became well known after giving a series of public speeches on his beliefs. In the 1982 case United States v. Sun Myung Moon he was found guilty of willfully filing false federal income tax returns and sentenced to 18 months in federal prison. His case generated protests from clergy and civil libertarians, who said that the trial was biased against him.Moon was criticized for making high demands of his followers. His wedding ceremonies also drew criticism, especially after they involved members of other churches, including Roman Catholic archbishop Emmanuel Milingo. He was also criticized for his relationships with political and religious figures, including U.S. Presidents Richard Nixon, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, North Korean President Kim Il Sung, and Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan.", "Q98997": "\u00d6zg\u00fcr Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m (born 12 September 1979, Dulsberg, West Germany) is a German-Turkish film director.", "Q289614": "B\u00e9atrice Martin (French pronunciation: \u200b[beat\u0281is ma\u0281t\u025b\u0303]; born September 22, 1989), better known by her stage name C\u0153ur de pirate ([k\u0153\u0281 d\u0259 pi\u0281at]; French for Pirate's Heart), is a Canadian singer-songwriter and pianist. A francophone from Montreal, she sings mostly in French and has been credited in Montreal Mirror with \"bringing la chanson fran\u00e7aise to a whole new generation of Quebec youth\".", "Q96762": "Johann Friedrich Christian Hessel (27 April 1796 \u2013 3 June 1872) was a German physician (MD, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 1817) and professor of mineralogy (PhD, University of Heidelberg, 1821) at the University of Marburg.", "Q1190852": "The University of Algiers Benyoucef Benkhedda (Arabic:\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u2013 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0640\u062f\u0629 ) is a university located in Algiers, Algeria. It was founded in 1909 and is organized into seven faculties.", "Q2547113": "Pope.L (also known as William Pope.L, born 1955 in Newark, New Jersey) is an American visual artist best known for his work in performance art, and interventionist public art. However, he has also produced art in painting, photography and theater. He was included in the 2002 Whitney Biennial and is a Guggenheim Fellow and a recipient of the Creative Capital Visual Arts Award. Pope.L was also included in the 2017 Whitney Biennial.", "Q457333": "The Jane Austen Book Club is a 2007 American romantic drama film written and directed by Robin Swicord. The screenplay, adapted from the 2004 novel of the same name by Karen Joy Fowler, focuses on a book club formed specifically to discuss the six novels written by Jane Austen. As they delve into Austen's literature, the club members find themselves dealing with life experiences that parallel the themes of the books they are reading.", "Q62185": "Erich Ollenhauer (27 March 1901 \u2013 14 December 1963) was the leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1952 until 1963.", "Q310551": "Harold Perrineau (formerly Harold Williams; born August 7, 1963) is an American actor. He is best known for the roles of Michael Dawson in the U.S. television series Lost, Link in The Matrix films and games, Augustus Hill in the American television series Oz, Damon Pope in the FX bike gang drama Sons of Anarchy, and Mercutio in Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet. He starred in ABC's comedy-drama television series The Unusuals, playing NYPD homicide detective Leo Banks and has appeared in several high-profile films, including The Best Man, 28 Weeks Later, 30 Days of Night: Dark Days, and Zero Dark Thirty. He also starred with Anthony Hopkins and Alec Baldwin in the survival drama The Edge. Perrineau currently costars as Dean Simms in the TNT series Claws.", "Q1830242": "Donald George Calfa (December 3, 1939 \u2013 December 1, 2016) was an American film and television character actor whose credits spanned over 40 years, playing both comedic and dramatic roles. Although Calfa appeared in many high-profile films and television series, he was perhaps best known for his role as mortician Ernie Kaltenbrunner in the 1985 cult horror-comedy The Return of the Living Dead, and the bumbling hitman in Weekend at Bernie's.", "Q55729": "Dagmar Havlov\u00e1 (born Dagmar Ve\u0161krnov\u00e1 on 22 March 1953 in Brno, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech actress. She married V\u00e1clav Havel, then Czech President, on 4 January 1997. She has one daughter, Nina Ve\u0161krnov\u00e1 (born 1976), from a previous marriage to Radv\u00edt Nov\u00e1k (1975\u20131980).", "Q56220": "Ivo Sanader (born 8 June 1953) is a Croatian politician who was the 8th Prime Minister of Croatia from 2003 to 2009. He is to date the longest-serving prime minister since independence, holding the office for over five and a half years before resigning in July 2009. He is the only Croatian prime minister to serve more than one term, winning general elections in 2003, and 2007. Along with Ivica Ra\u010dan, he is one of only two prime ministers to have been at the head of more than one government cabinet, chairing his first cabinet from December 2003 until January 2008, and his second cabinet from January 2008 until his resignation in July 2009.\nSanader obtained his education in comparative literature in Austria, where he also worked as a journalist, in marketing, publishing, and as an entrepreneur. In the 1990s, he was briefly the intendant of the Croatian National Theatre in Split before becoming Minister for Science and Technology as a member of the ruling Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) in the Cabinet of Hrvoje \u0160arini\u0107 in 1992. In 1993, he moved into diplomacy and served two terms as Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs.\nFollowing the death of Franjo Tu\u0111man, Sanader was elected leader of the HDZ party in 2000, and again in 2002, and led the party to victory in the 2003, and 2007 elections, becoming Croatia's prime minister. In June 2009, Sanader abruptly resigned his post, leaving scarce explanation for his actions and disappearing from public life for a while. In January 2010, Sanader tried to stage a political comeback within the HDZ, but was ejected from party membership.\nIn December 2010, Croatian authorities indicted him in two high-profile corruption cases. Sanader fled the country but was apprehended in Austria and then extradited to Croatia in July 2011. In November 2012, he was sentenced to 10 years in prison in a first instance verdict, later reduced to \u200b8 1\u20442 years. However, his sentence was annulled by Croatia's Constitutional Court in 2015. With the exception of numerous Croatian officials who were sentenced to imprisonment during the existence of the socialist Yugoslavia, he is the first Croatian head of government and highest ranking state official to be tried and sentenced to a jail term.\nOn 22 October 2018, Sanader was sentenced to two and a half years in prison for war profiteering and must return $570,000 in kickbacks from Hypo Bank.", "Q463096": "Xiang Jingyu (Chinese: \u5411\u8b66\u4e88; pinyin: Xi\u00e0ng J\u01d0ngy\u01d4; Wade\u2013Giles: Hsiang Ching-y\u00fc, 4 September 1895 \u2013 1 May 1928), whose old name was Xiang Junxian, was one of the earliest female members of the Communist Party of China (CPC), widely regarded as a pioneer of the women's movement of China.", "Q720665": "Kojo Adeyemo Annan (born 25 July 1973) is a Swiss-Ghanaian businessman and son of the late former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan.", "Q269086": "Crime in the Streets is a 1956 film about juvenile delinquency, directed by Don Siegel and based on a television play written by Reginald Rose. The play first appeared on the Elgin Hour and was directed by Sidney Lumet.\nThe film, starring James Whitmore and John Cassavetes, also featured actor Sal Mineo, who had previously appeared in Rebel Without A Cause. From his role in Crime in the Streets, Mineo earned a Hollywood nickname, \"The Switchblade Kid.\" Malcolm Atterbury, Virginia Gregg and future director Mark Rydell had prominent roles.\nSiegel adapted the play to a film by expanding some sequences but keeping much of the same cast. His credited dialogue coach on the film was Sam Peckinpah.", "Q163513": "Arthur Ocean Waskow (born Arthur I. Waskow; 1933) is an American author, political activist, and rabbi associated with the Jewish Renewal movement.", "Q200030": "Latakia (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0630\u0650\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u200e al-L\u0101dhiq\u012byah; Syrian pronunciation: [el.la\u02d0d\u02c8\u0294\u026ajje, -la\u02d0\u00f0\u02c8q\u026ajja]) is the principal port city of Syria, as well as the capital of the Latakia Governorate. Historically, it has also been known as Laodicea in Syria or Laodicea ad Mare. In addition to serving as a port, the city is a manufacturing center for surrounding agricultural towns and villages. According to the 2004 official census, the population of the city is 383,786, Its population greatly increased as a result of the ongoing Syrian Civil War due to the influx of refugees from rebel held areas. It is the 4th-largest city in Syria after Aleppo, Damascus and Homs, and it borders Tartus to the south, Hama to the east, and Idlib to the north while Cape Apostolos Andreas, the most north-eastern tip of Cyprus is about 68 miles (109 km) away.Although the site has been inhabited since the 2nd millennium BC, the city was founded in the 4th century BC under the rule of the Seleucid empire. Latakia was subsequently ruled by the Romans, then the Ummayads and Abbasids in the 8th\u201310th centuries of the Christian era. Under their rule, the Byzantines frequently attacked the city, periodically recapturing it before losing it again to the Arabs, particularly the Fatimids. Afterward, Latakia was ruled successively by the Seljuk Turks, Crusaders, Ayyubids, Mamluks, and the Ottomans. Following World War I, Latakia was assigned to the French mandate of Syria, in which it served as the capital of the autonomous territory of the Alawites. This autonomous territory became the Alawite State in 1922, proclaiming its independence a number of times until reintegrating into Syria in 1944.", "Q444429": "Perrey Reeves (born November 30, 1970) is an American film and television actress.", "Q4681470": "Adebayo \"Bayo\" O. Ogunlesi (born December 20, 1953) is a Nigerian lawyer and investment banker. \nOgunlesi is currently Chairman and Managing Partner at the private equity firm Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP). \nOgunlesi was the former head of Global Investment Banking at Credit Suisse First Boston before being promoted to Chief Client Officer and Executive Vice Chairman.", "Q46033": "Frankfurt am Main Airport (IATA: FRA, ICAO: EDDF) (German: Flughafen Frankfurt am Main [\u02c8flu\u02d0kha\u02d0fn\u0329 \u02ccf\u0281a\u014bkf\u028a\u0281t \u0294am \u02c8ma\u026an], also known as Rhein-Main-Flughafen) is a major international airport located in Frankfurt, the fifth-largest city of Germany and one of the world's leading financial centres. It is operated by Fraport and serves as the main hub for Lufthansa including Lufthansa CityLine and Lufthansa Cargo as well as Condor and AeroLogic. The airport covers an area of 2,300 hectares (5,683 acres) of land and features two passenger terminals with a capacity of approximately 65 million passengers per year, four runways and extensive logistics and maintenance facilities.\nFrankfurt Airport is the busiest airport by passenger traffic in Germany as well as the 4th busiest in Europe after London Heathrow Airport, Paris\u2013Charles de Gaulle Airport and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. The airport is also the 13th busiest worldwide by total number of passengers in 2016, with 60.786 million passengers using the airport in 2016. In 2017 Frankfurt Airport handled 64.5 million passengers and in 2018 nearly 70 million. It also had a freight throughput of 2.076 million metric tonnes in 2015 and is the busiest airport in Europe by cargo traffic. As of summer 2017, Frankfurt Airport serves more than 300 destinations in 5 continents, making it the airport with the most direct routes in the world.The southern side of the airport ground was home to the Rhein-Main Air Base, which was a major air base for the United States from 1947 until 2005, when the air base was closed and the property was acquired by Fraport. In 2017, passengers at the airport increased by 6.1% to 64,500,386 compared to 2016. The airport celebrated its 80th anniversary in July 2016.", "Q173700": "Clark Thomas \"Shorty\" Templeman (August 12, 1919 in Pueblo, Colorado \u2013 August 24, 1962 in Marion, Ohio) was an American racecar driver.", "Q165162": "100 F\u00e4uste und ein Vaterunser (English: 100 Fists and a Prayer) is an Italian-German film directed by Mario Siciliano. It was released in 1972.", "Q70581": "Philipp Heinrich Scheidemann (26 July 1865 \u2013 29 November 1939) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). On 9 November 1918, in the midst of the German Revolution of 1918\u20131919, he proclaimed Germany a republic. Later, beginning in the early part of the following year, he became the second head of government of the Weimar Republic, acting in this post for 127 days.", "Q41984": "The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. The IAEA was established as an autonomous organisation on 29 July 1957. Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty, the IAEA Statute, the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council.\nThe IAEA has its headquarters in Vienna, Austria. The IAEA has two \"Regional Safeguards Offices\" which are located in Toronto, Canada, and in Tokyo, Japan. The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City, United States, and in Geneva, Switzerland. In addition, the IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in Seibersdorf, Austria, in Monaco and in Trieste, Italy.The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide. The programs of the IAEA encourage the development of the peaceful applications of nuclear energy, science and technology, provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials, and promote nuclear safety (including radiation protection) and nuclear security standards and their implementation.\nThe IAEA and its former Director General, Mohamed ElBaradei, were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 7 October 2005. The Director General is Rafael Grossi, an Argentinian diplomat previously served as an IAEA's chief of cabinet, whose appointment was approved at the special session of the IAEA's General Conference on 2 December 2019, as the successor of Yukiya Amano, who died in July 2019.", "Q2367098": "Nikolai Georgievich Mikhailovsky (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, 20 February [O.S. 8 February] 1852 \u2013 10 December [O.S. 27 November] 1906) was a Russian writer and essayist, locating engineer and railroad constructor. As a writer, he published under the pseudonym N. Garin (Russian: \u041d. \u0413\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u043d), and since his death has been commonly referred to as the hyphenated Garin-Mikhailovsky.", "Q180850": "Sir Thomas John Woodward (born 7 June 1940), known professionally as Tom Jones, is a Welsh singer. His career began with a string of top-ten hits in the mid-1960s. He has toured regularly, with appearances in Las Vegas (1967\u20132011). Jones's voice has been described by Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic as a \"full-throated, robust baritone\".His performing range has included pop, R&B, show tunes, country, dance, soul and gospel. In 2008, the New York Times called Jones a musical \"shape shifter\", who could \"slide from soulful rasp to pop croon, with a voice as husky as it was pretty\". Jones has sold over 100 million records, with 36 Top 40 hits in the UK and 19 in the US, including \"It's Not Unusual\", \"What's New Pussycat\", the theme song for the 1965 James Bond film Thunderball, \"Green, Green Grass of Home\", \"Delilah\", \"She's a Lady\", \"Kiss\" and \"Sex Bomb\".Jones made his acting debut playing the lead role in the 1979 television film Pleasure Cove. He played himself in Tim Burton's 1996 film Mars Attacks! In 1970 he received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy nomination for hosting the television series This Is Tom Jones. In 2012, he played a role in an episode of Playhouse Presents. Jones received a Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1966, an MTV Video Music Award in 1989, as well as two Brit Awards: Best British Male in 2000 and the Outstanding Contribution to Music award in 2003. Jones was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1998 and knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for services to music in 2005. Jones experienced a resurgence in notability in the 2010s due to his coaching role on the television talent show The Voice UK from 2012 (with the exception of 2016).\n\n", "Q228964": "Just My Luck is a 2006 American romantic comedy film directed by Donald Petrie and written by I. Marlene King and Amy B. Harris. The film stars Lindsay Lohan and Chris Pine as the main characters. Lohan stars as Ashley, the luckiest girl in Manhattan, New York City. She loses her luck after kissing Jake, portrayed by Pine, at a masquerade bash.The film features supporting roles by Samaire Armstrong, Faizon Love, Missi Pyle, and McFly, the English band whom Jake discovers in the film and tries to help by finding them a producer.", "Q71847": "Never Say Never Mind: The Swedish Bikini Team is a 2001 British film spoof starring Bruce Payne, John Rhys-Davies and Cecilie Bull. It was directed by Buzz Feitshans IV.", "Q60792": "Wheels on Meals (traditional Chinese: \u5feb\u9910\u8eca; simplified Chinese: \u5feb\u9910\u8f66) is a 1984 Hong Kong martial arts action-comedy film, written and directed by Sammo Hung, with action directed by Jackie Chan. The film stars Jackie Chan, Sammo Hung, Yuen Biao, Lola Forner, Benny Urquidez and Jos\u00e9 Sancho. The film was shot in Barcelona, Spain.\nThe film was a box office success in East Asia. In Japan, the film was released as Spartan X. Jackie Chan with his stunt team were nominated for Best Action Choreography, for both Wheels on Meals and Project A, at the 4th Hong Kong Film Awards, winning the award for Project A.\nWheels on Meals spawned the Spartan X franchise. In 1984, it was adapted into a hit Japanese beat 'em up video game, Spartan X (released as Kung-Fu Master internationally). The film and the game grossed a combined total of approximately US$139 million worldwide. There was also a sequel video game, Spartan X 2, and a Spartan X comic book series.", "Q236582": "Melissa \"Missy\" Peregrym (born June 16, 1982) is a Canadian actress and former fashion model. She is known for her roles as Haley Graham in the 2006 film Stick It and Officer Andy McNally on the ABC and Global Television Network series Rookie Blue (2010\u20132015), for which she was nominated for a Canadian Screen Award in 2016.Since 2018, Peregrym has starred in FBI, a series on CBS.", "Q10261": "Pythagoras of Samos (c.\u2009570 \u2013 c.\u2009495 BC) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, through them, Western philosophy. Knowledge of his life is clouded by legend, but he appears to have been the son of Mnesarchus, a gem-engraver on the island of Samos. Modern scholars disagree regarding Pythagoras's education and influences, but they do agree that, around 530 BC, he travelled to Croton, in what is now southern Italy, where he founded a school in which initiates were sworn to secrecy and lived a communal, ascetic lifestyle. This lifestyle entailed a number of dietary prohibitions, but is traditionally said to have included vegetarianism.The teaching most securely identified with Pythagoras is metempsychosis, or the \"transmigration of souls\", which holds that every soul is immortal and, upon death, enters into a new body. He may have also devised the doctrine of musica universalis, which holds that the planets move according to mathematical equations and thus resonate to produce an inaudible symphony of music. Scholars debate whether Pythagoras developed the numerological and musical teachings attributed to him, or if those teachings were developed by his later followers, particularly Philolaus of Croton. Following Croton's decisive victory over Sybaris in around 510 BC, Pythagoras's followers came into conflict with supporters of democracy and Pythagorean meeting houses were burned. Pythagoras may have been killed during this persecution, or escaped to Metapontum, where he eventually died.\nIn antiquity, Pythagoras was credited with many mathematical and scientific discoveries, including the Pythagorean theorem, Pythagorean tuning, the five regular solids, the Theory of Proportions, the sphericity of the Earth, and the identity of the morning and evening stars as the planet Venus. It was said that he was the first man to call himself a philosopher (\"lover of wisdom\") and that he was the first to divide the globe into five climatic zones. Classical historians debate whether Pythagoras made these discoveries, and many of the accomplishments credited to him likely originated earlier or were made by his colleagues or successors. Some accounts mention that the philosophy associated with Pythagoras was related to mathematics and that numbers were important, but it is debated to what extent, if at all, he actually contributed to mathematics or natural philosophy.\nPythagoras influenced Plato, whose dialogues, especially his Timaeus, exhibit Pythagorean teachings. Pythagorean ideas on mathematical perfection also impacted ancient Greek art. His teachings underwent a major revival in the first century BC among Middle Platonists, coinciding with the rise of Neopythagoreanism. Pythagoras continued to be regarded as a great philosopher throughout the Middle Ages and his philosophy had a major impact on scientists such as Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton. Pythagorean symbolism was used throughout early modern European esotericism and his teachings as portrayed in Ovid's Metamorphoses influenced the modern vegetarian movement.", "Q61498": "Johann Rattenhuber (30 April 1897 \u2013 30 June 1957), also known as Hans Rattenhuber, was a German police and SS general (Gruppenf\u00fchrer, i. e. Generalleutnant). Rattenhuber was the head of German dictator Adolf Hitler's personal Reichssicherheitsdienst (Reich Security Service; RSD) bodyguard from 1933 to 1945. In January 1942, Rattenhuber's RSD units participated in the mass shooting of 227 Jews at Strizhavka. After the war, he was released from Soviet prison on 10 October 1955 and allowed to go to West Germany. He died in Munich in 1957.", "Q105682": "Thomas Andrew Felton (born 22 September 1987) is an English actor and musician. He is best known for his role as Draco Malfoy in the film adaptions of the best-selling Harry Potter fantasy novels by J.K. Rowling. His performances in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 1 won him two consecutive MTV Movie Awards for Best Villain in 2010 and 2011.\nPrior to Harry Potter, Felton began appearing in commercials when he was eight years old for companies such as Commercial Union and Barclaycard. He made his screen debut in the role of Peagreen Clock in The Borrowers (1997) and he portrayed Louis T. Leonowens in Anna and the King (1999). Following the conclusion of the Harry Potter series in 2011, Felton appeared in the 2011 film Rise of the Planet of the Apes, a reboot of the Planet of the Apes series. He had roles in the minor films From the Rough (2011) and The Apparition (2012), and starred as James Ashford in the critically acclaimed period drama film Belle (2013). He has since appeared in films such as In Secret (2014), Against the Sun (2014), Risen (2016), A United Kingdom (2016), and Feed (2017). He portrayed Julian Albert in The Flash.", "Q114957": "Maxim Mehmet (born 2 July 1975) is a German film actor. He inherited his Turkish surname from his Crimean Tatar grandfather. He lived with his spouse in Berlin before he moved to Vienna.", "Q92510": "Hans Egon Holthusen (April 15, 1913 \u2013 January 21, 1997) was a German lyric poet, essayist, and literary scholar.\nHolthusen was born in Rendsburg the Province of Schleswig-Holstein, the son of a Protestant clergyman. He studied German philology, history, and philosophy at the universities of T\u00fcbingen, Berlin, and Munich, gaining reputation as a Rilke scholar with the publication of his Rilkes Sonette an Orpheus: Versuch einer Interpretation in 1937, at the age of 24.Holthusen was a member of the SS (since 1933) and of the Nazi Party (since 1937). During the Second World War, between 1939 and 1944, he served in the German army. In the early 1960s, Holthusen worked at the Goethe-Institut in New York City, subsequently obtaining a professorship at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, a post which he held until 1981. In 1960, Mascha Kal\u00e9ko refused the Berlin Theodor Fontane Price because Holthusen was a jury member.\nHolthusen died in Munich.\nThere exists an unpublished 233-page English-language biography covering the first sixty-seven years of his life or so (he died at the age of 83); a comprehensive bibliography of his works came out posthumously in 2000. His personal papers (including manuscripts, diaries, private correspondence (encompassing more than five thousand letters), genealogical records, and a photographic archive) are preserved at the Library of the University of Hildesheim (Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Hildesheim) in Lower Saxony (\u2018The Papers of Hans Egon Holthusen\u2019 \u2014 Nachlass Hans Egon Holthusen). The Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., holds a sound recording of the lecture on post-war German literature, entitled \u2018Crossing the Zero Point\u2019, which he delivered in the Coolidge Auditorium of the Library of Congress on January 25, 1960 (and which he begins by mentioning \u2018the German catastrophe of 1945\u2019, not that of 1933).", "Q259151": "Perry Lopez (born Julios Caesar Lopez; July 22, 1929 \u2013 February 14, 2008) was an American film and television actor. His acting career spanned 40 years.\nLopez was born in New York City of Puerto Rican descent. Lopez began his acting career in theater, based in New York. He was signed to a contract at Warner Bros. Studios in 1954, his first appearance being Bogus Charlie in Drum Beat. Lopez appeared as Spanish Joe in Battle Cry (1955), as Rodrigues in Mister Roberts in 1955, then had the leading role in The Steel Jungle (1956) and appeared as Toro in Cry Tough in 1959. He also played in a number of B-movies and Westerns early on in his career, including the Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), The Young Guns (1956) and The Lone Ranger.Although he was part of the supporting cast in Mister Roberts, his role was prominent \u2013 he played opposite Henry Fonda and James Cagney, who were both established stars at the time. However, he was perhaps best known as Lieutenant Lou Escobar in the 1974 film Chinatown, which he starred in opposite Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway. He reprised the role sixteen years later (with Escobar promoted to Captain) in The Two Jakes in 1990. Also right before this time he starred opposite Charles Bronson playing drug gang leader Ed Zacharias in 1987's Death Wish 4: The Crackdown.\nAmong his many television appearances, one of his more well-known roles is that of Esteban Rodriguez in the Star Trek episode \"Shore Leave\". Lopez also appeared in an episode of Bonanza, as the cold-blooded outlaw Duke Miller, who kills a man over being first in line to get a haircut. He was Joaqu\u00edn Casta\u00f1eda, a mestizo that fought to free his people, on Zorro, starring Guy Williams. Lopez also appeared in episode 14, \"Night Of The Long Knives\" originally airing December 16, 1966 of The Time Tunnel television series; the Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea episode \"Savage Jungle\"; McLintock! (1963) as Davey Elk; the Juan Moreno's Body as a migrant Mexican fruit picker accused of murdering the son of the owner of the orchard; and Kelly's Heroes (1970) as Pvt. Petuko.\nLopez died of lung cancer at The Rehabilitation Centre of Beverly Hills in Beverly Grove, Los Angeles, at age 78. He was survived by several nieces and nephews. His ashes were interred at Hollywood Forever Cemetery.", "Q173714": "Machgielis \"Max\" Euwe (Dutch: [\u02c8\u00f8\u02d0\u028b\u0259]; May 20, 1901 \u2013 November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess grandmaster, mathematician, author, and chess administrator. He was the fifth player to become World Chess Champion (1935\u201337). Euwe served as President of FIDE, the World Chess Federation, from 1970 to 1978.", "Q124894": "Prof Auguste Arthur de la Rive ForMemRS, HFRSE (October 9, 1801 \u2013 November 27, 1873) was a Swiss physicist. He was President of the Helvetic Society of Natural Science in 1845.\nDe la Rive's first scientific publication was on the influence of the Earth's magnetism upon a movable frame traversed by a voltaic current, published in 1822, and followed by a memoir upon Caustics, which appeared in 1823. Over a period of fifty years, De la Rive made numerous contributions to science, which were published in the M\u00e9moires de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Gen\u00e8ve or in the Biblioth\u00e8que universelle de Gen\u00e8ve.", "Q736013": "Fran\u00e7ois Claude Pierre Ren\u00e9 Baroin (born 21 June 1965, in Paris) is a French politician, who served as Finance Minister from 2011 to 2012, following a stint as Minister of the Budget in the Fran\u00e7ois Fillon III government. He was a long-time ally of Jacques Chirac and, currently, the mayor of Troyes.\nBaroin studied at Panth\u00e9on-Assas University. A lawyer, was Minister for Overseas Territories from June 2005 to March 2007 and was briefly Minister of the Interior from March to May 2007. He replaced Nicolas Sarkozy on 26 March 2007 as Interior Minister when Sarkozy left the Government to pursue his presidential candidacy.\nOn 29 June 2011, Fran\u00e7ois Baroin was appointed Minister for the Economy, Finance and Industry, replacing Christine Lagarde following her appointment as Director General of the International Monetary Fund.He was the partner of the journalist Marie Drucker until they separated in 2008.\nIn 2009, he was linked with Mich\u00e8le Laroque.\n\n", "Q1772440": "Minnie \"Maud\" Powell (August 22, 1867 \u2013 January 8, 1920) was an American violinist who gained international acclaim for her skill and virtuosity.", "Q236596": "Christina Georgina Rossetti (5 December 1830 \u2013 29 December 1894) was an English poet who wrote various romantic, devotional, and children's poems. \"Goblin Market\" and \"Remember\" remain famous. She wrote the words of two Christmas carols well known in the UK: \"In the Bleak Midwinter\", later set by Gustav Holst and by Harold Darke, and \"Love Came Down at Christmas\", set by Harold Darke and by other composers.", "Q518342": "Daniel \"Dan\" Hipgrave (born 5 August 1975) is an English musician and writer, best known as the guitarist of the indie rock band Toploader.", "Q4441": "Emily Elizabeth Dickinson (December 10, 1830 \u2013 May 15, 1886) was an American poet.\nDickinson was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, into a prominent family with strong ties to its community. After studying at the Amherst Academy for seven years in her youth, she briefly attended the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary before returning to her family's house in Amherst.\nEvidence suggests that Dickinson lived much of her life in isolation. Considered an eccentric by locals, she developed a penchant for white clothing and was known for her reluctance to greet guests or, later in life, to even leave her bedroom. Dickinson never married, and most friendships between her and others depended entirely upon correspondence.While Dickinson was a prolific poet, only 10 of her nearly 1,800 poems were published during her lifetime. The poems published then were usually edited significantly to fit conventional poetic rules. Her poems were unique to her era. They contain short lines, typically lack titles, and often use slant rhyme as well as unconventional capitalization and punctuation. Many of her poems deal with themes of death and immortality, two recurring topics in letters to her friends.\nAlthough Dickinson's acquaintances were likely aware of her writing, it was not until after her death in 1886\u2014when Lavinia, Dickinson's younger sister, discovered her cache of poems\u2014that the breadth of her work became public. Her first collection of poetry was published in 1890 by personal acquaintances Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Mabel Loomis Todd, though both heavily edited the content. A 1998 New York Times article revealed that of the many edits made to Dickinson's work, the name \"Susan\" was often deliberately removed. At least eleven of Dickinson's poems were dedicated to sister-in-law Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson, though all the dedications were obliterated, presumably by Todd. A complete, and mostly unaltered, collection of her poetry became available for the first time when scholar Thomas H. Johnson published The Poems of Emily Dickinson in 1955.", "Q1245769": "Jacopo Aconcio (c.\u20091520 \u2013 c.\u20091566) was an Italian jurist, theologian, philosopher and engineer. He is now known for his contribution to the history of religious toleration.\n\n", "Q2626233": "Sergei Yervandovich Kurginyan (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0415\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043d) is a Russian scientist, better known as a theatre producer and a politician.\nHe is the founder and leader of the Russian nationalist movement Essence of Time.\n\n", "Q127345": "Hugo Stumberg Ko\u0142\u0142\u0105taj, alt. Ko\u0142\u0142\u0105tay, (1 April 1750 \u2013 28 February 1812) was a prominent Polish constitutional reformer and educationalist, and one of the most prominent figures of the Polish Enlightenment.He served as Deputy Chancellor of the Crown, 1791\u201392. He was a Roman Catholic priest, social and political activist, political thinker, historian, philosopher, and polymath.", "Q97468": "Hartmut Elsenhans (born 13 October 1941 in Stuttgart, Germany) is a German political scientist. He is an emeritus professor of International Relations at the University of Leipzig .\n\n", "Q920526": "Gideon Ezra (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05d3\u05e2\u05d5\u05df \u05e2\u05d6\u05e8\u05d0\u200e, 30 June 1937 \u2013 17 May 2012) was an Israeli politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for Likud and Kadima between 1996 and 2012, and also held several ministerial portfolios.", "Q309014": "Shooter is a 2007 American action thriller film directed by Antoine Fuqua based on the 1993 novel Point of Impact by Stephen Hunter. The film follows Force Recon veteran Bob Lee Swagger (Mark Wahlberg), who is framed for murder by a rogue unit of personnel operating for a private military firm. The film also stars Michael Pe\u00f1a, Danny Glover, Kate Mara, Levon Helm, and Ned Beatty and was released in the United States on March 23, 2007.", "Q911923": "Christopher Merrick Hughes (born 3 March 1954, London, England), also known as Merrick, is a British music producer, songwriter, and former drummer, acoustic guitarist and keyboards player for Adam and the Ants. Best known as producer of Tears for Fears' Songs from the Big Chair, and as the co-writer of \"Everybody Wants to Rule the World\", Hughes has a joint background as a musician, songwriter and producer. His career began with Adam and The Ants as drummer and producer of the \"Cartrouble\" and \"Kings of the Wild Frontier\" singles, then the Kings of the Wild Frontier album. Yielding three hit singles, the album earned Hughes Music Week 's 'Producer of the Year Award'.", "Q107095": "J\u00f6rg R\u00fcpke (born December 27, 1962 in Herford, West Germany) is a German scholar of comparative religion and classical philology, recipient of the Prix Gay Lussac-Humboldt in 2008, and of the Advanced Grant of the European Research Council in 2011. In January 2012, R\u00fcpke was appointed by German Federal President Christian Wulff to the German Council of Science and Humanities.", "Q128076": "Pope Innocent III (Latin: Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 \u2013 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni) reigned from 8 January 1198 to his death. \nPope Innocent was one of the most powerful and influential of the medieval popes. He exerted a wide influence over the Christian states of Europe, claiming supremacy over all of Europe's kings. He was central in supporting the Catholic Church's reforms of ecclesiastical affairs through his decretals and the Fourth Lateran Council. This resulted in a considerable refinement of Western canon law. He is furthermore notable for using interdict and other censures to compel princes to obey his decisions, although these measures were not uniformly successful. \nInnocent greatly extended the scope of the crusades, directing crusades against Muslim Spain and the Holy Land as well as the Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars in southern France. \nHe organized the Fourth Crusade of 1202\u20131204, which ended in the disastrous sack of Constantinople. Although the attack on Constantinople went against his explicit orders, and the Crusaders were subsequently excommunicated, Innocent reluctantly accepted this result, seeing it as the will of God to reunite the Latin and Orthodox Churches. In the event, the sack of Constantinople and the subsequent period of Frankokratia heightened the hostility between the Latin and Greek churches. (The Byzantine empire was restored in 1261 but never regained its former strength, finally falling in 1453.)", "Q429835": "The Third Nail is a drama crime film directed by Kevin Lewis and starring Huntley Ritter, Krista Allen, Charles S. Dutton and Chlo\u00eb Grace Moretz. It was released on February 8, 2008.", "Q137156": "Dick L\u00f6vgren (born 11 November 1980, in Varberg) is the bass guitarist for the Swedish extreme metal band Meshuggah. He joined the band in 2004.", "Q639452": "Lakeland is a city in Polk County, Florida, along Interstate 4 east of Tampa. The westernmost city in Polk County, it is part of the Tampa Bay Area. According to the 2018 U.S. Census Bureau estimate, the city had a population of 110,516. Lakeland is a principal city of the Lakeland\u2013Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area.\nNative Americans lived in the area from soon after the end of the last ice age until the end of the Second Seminole War. European-American settlers arrived in Lakeland from South Carolina in the 1870s. The city expanded in the 1880s with the arrival of rail service, with the first freedmen railway workers settling here in 1883. They and European immigrants also came because of new jobs in the large phosphate industry that developed. Lakeland is home to the 1,267-acre Circle B Bar Reserve.", "Q2902978": "Davidson College is a private liberal arts college in Davidson, North Carolina.\nDavidson enrolls 1,843 students from 48 states and 47 countries. Of those students, 95 percent live on campus, 73 percent study abroad and about 25 percent participate in 21 NCAA Division I sports. The college has graduated 23 Rhodes Scholars.Students may choose from 29 majors and 40 minors, as well as other interdisciplinary studies. The college is governed by an honor code.", "Q168452": "Jean-Victor Poncelet (1 July 1788 \u2013 22 December 1867) was a French engineer and mathematician who served most notably as the Commanding General of the \u00c9cole Polytechnique. He is considered a reviver of projective geometry, and his work Trait\u00e9 des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s projectives des figures is considered the first definitive text on the subject since G\u00e9rard Desargues' work on it in the 17th century. He later wrote an introduction to it: Applications d'analyse et de g\u00e9om\u00e9trie.As a mathematician, his most notable work was in projective geometry, although an early collaboration with Charles Julien Brianchon provided a significant contribution to Feuerbach's theorem. He also made discoveries about projective harmonic conjugates; relating these to the poles and polar lines associated with conic sections. He developed the concept of parallel lines meeting at a point at infinity and defined the circular points at infinity that are on every circle of the plane. These discoveries led to the principle of duality, and the principle of continuity and also aided in the development of complex numbers.As a military engineer, he served in Napoleon's campaign against the Russian Empire in 1812, in which he was captured and held prisoner until 1814. Later, he served as a professor of mechanics at the \u00c9cole d'application in his home town of Metz, during which time he published Introduction \u00e0 la m\u00e9canique industrielle, a work he is famous for, and improved the design of turbines and water wheels. In 1837, a tenured 'Chaire de m\u00e9canique physique et exp\u00e9rimentale' was specially created for him at the Sorbonne (the University of Paris). In 1848, he became the commanding general of his alma mater, the \u00c9cole Polytechnique. He is honoured by having his name listed among notable French engineers and scientists displayed around the first stage of the Eiffel tower.", "Q1353679": "The University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln (Nebraska, UNL, or NU) is a public research university in Lincoln, Nebraska. It is the state's oldest university and the largest in the University of Nebraska system.\nThe state legislature chartered the university in 1869 as a land-grant university under the 1862 Morrill Act, two years after Nebraska became a state. At the turn of the 20th century, the university expanded significantly, hiring professors from eastern schools to teach its new professional programs and conducting groundbreaking research in agricultural sciences. The \"Nebraska method\" of ecological study developed during this time pioneered grassland ecology and laid the foundation for research in theoretical ecology for the rest of the century. The university is organized into eight colleges on two campuses in Lincoln with over 100 classroom buildings and research facilities.Nebraska's athletic programs, known as the Cornhuskers, compete in NCAA Division I and are a member of the Big Ten Conference. NU's football team has won 46 conference championships and claims five national championships, with an additional nine unclaimed. The school's volleyball team has won five titles and appeared in the national semifinal nine other times. NU plays its home football games at Memorial Stadium and has sold out every game since 1962. The stadium's capacity of 91,585 people is famously larger than the population of Nebraska's third-largest city.", "Q121734": "Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Picton (24 August 1758 \u2013 18 June 1815) was a Welsh officer of the British Army who fought in the Napoleonic Wars. According to the historian Alessandro Barbero, Picton was \"respected for his courage and feared for his irascible temperament\". The Duke of Wellington called him \"a rough foul-mouthed devil as ever lived\", but found him capable.\nPicton came to public attention initially for his alleged cruelty during his governorship (1797\u20131803) of Trinidad, as a result of which he was put on trial in England for illegally torturing a woman. Though he was convicted, the conviction was later overturned.\nHe is chiefly remembered for his exploits under Wellington in the Iberian Peninsular War of 1807\u20131814, during which he fought in many engagements, displaying great bravery and persistence. He was killed in 1815 fighting at the Battle of Waterloo, during a crucial bayonet charge in which his division stopped d'Erlon's corps' attack against the allied centre left. He was the most senior officer to die at Waterloo. He was a sitting Member of Parliament at the time of his death.", "Q458014": "Ottaviano Petrucci (born in Fossombrone on 18 June 1466 \u2013 died on 7 May 1539 in Venice) was an Italian printer. His Harmonice Musices Odhecaton, a collection of chansons printed in 1501, is commonly misidentified as the first book of sheet music printed from movable type. Actually that distinction belongs to the Roman printer Ulrich Han's Missale Romanum of 1476. Nevertheless, Petrucci's later work was extraordinary for the complexity of his white mensural notation and the smallness of his font, and he did in fact print the first book of polyphony using movable type. He also published numerous works by the most highly regarded composers of the Renaissance, including Josquin des Prez and Antoine Brumel.", "Q4887342": "\u00d3scar Engonga Mat\u00e9 (born 12 September 1968) is an Equatoguinean retired footballer who played as a midfielder, and a manager.\n\n", "Q214051": "Chiyoda (\u5343\u4ee3\u7530\u533a, Chiyoda-ku) is a special ward located in central Tokyo, Japan. It is known as Chiyoda City in English.It was formed in 1947 as a merger of Kanda and K\u014djimachi wards following Tokyo City's transformation into Tokyo Metropolis. The modern Chiyoda ward exhibits contrasting Shitamachi and Yamanote geographical and cultural division. The Kanda area is in the core of Shitamachi, the original commercial center of Edo-Tokyo. On the other hand, the western part of the K\u014djimachi area typically represents a Yamanote district.\nChiyoda consists of the Imperial Palace and a surrounding radius of about a kilometer. As of May 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 54,462, and a population density of 4,670 people per km\u00b2, making it by far the least populated of the special wards. The total area is 11.66 km\u00b2, of which the Imperial Palace, Hibiya Park, National Museum of Modern Art, and Yasukuni Shrine take up approximately 2.6 km\u00b2, or 22% of the total area.\nOften called the \"political center\" of the country, Chiyoda, literally meaning \"field of a thousand generations\", inherited the name from the Chiyoda Castle (the other name for Edo Castle, today's Imperial Palace). With the seat of the Emperor in the Imperial Palace at the ward's center, many government institutions, such as the National Diet, the Prime Minister's Official Residence, the Supreme Court, ministries, and agencies are also located in Chiyoda, as are Tokyo landmarks such as Tokyo Station, Yasukuni Shrine and the Budokan. Akihabara, a district known for being an otaku cultural center and a shopping district for computer goods, is also located in Chiyoda, as are fifteen embassies.", "Q6530": "Stanis\u0142aw Herman Lem (Polish: [sta\u02c8\u0272iswaf \u02c8l\u025bm] (listen); 12 or 13 September 1921 \u2013 27 March 2006) was a Polish writer of science fiction, philosophy, and satire. Lem's books have been translated into 41 languages and have sold over 45 million copies. From the 1950s to 2000s, he published many books, both science fiction and philosophical/futurological. Worldwide, he is best known as the author of the 1961 novel Solaris, which has been made into a feature film three times. In 1976, Theodore Sturgeon wrote that Lem was the most widely read science fiction writer in the world. The total print of Lem's books is over 30 million copies.Lem's works explore philosophical themes through speculation on technology, the nature of intelligence, the impossibility of communication with and understanding of alien intelligence, despair about human limitations, and humanity's place in the universe. They are sometimes presented as fiction, but others are in the form of essays or philosophical books.\nTranslating his works is difficult due to passages with elaborate word formation, idiomatic wordplay, alien or robotic poetry, and puns.", "Q35977": "Alexis Texas (born May 25, 1985) is an American pornographic actress, director, and featured dancer. As of September 2017, she had appeared in 625 films as a performer and 5 as the director.", "Q936422": "Yevgeniya Chirikova (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0427\u0438\u0301\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430: born 12 November 1976 in Moscow) is a Russian environmental activist, primarily known for opposing the building of a motorway through Khimki forest near Moscow. She has also played a prominent role in the 2011\u20132012 Russian protests following disputed parliamentary elections in Russia. Chirikova has also been credited with \"stimulating nationwide interest in political reform\". She is currently based in Estonia.", "Q9603": "Sufism (Persian: \u0635\u0648\u0641\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u200e), or Ta\u1e63awwuf (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0635\u064e\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0641\u200e), variously defined as \"Islamic mysticism\", \"the inward dimension of Islam\" or \"the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam\", is mysticism in Islam, \"characterized ... [by particular] values, ritual practices, doctrines and institutions\" which began very early in Islamic history and represents \"the main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization of\" mystical practice in Islam. Practitioners of Sufism have been referred to as \"Sufis\" (from \u0635\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0651\u200e \u1e63\u016bfiyy / \u1e63\u016bf\u012b).Historically, Sufis have often belonged to different \u1e6duruq or \"orders\" \u2013 congregations formed around a grand master referred to as a wali who traces a direct chain of successive teachers back to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. These orders meet for spiritual sessions (majalis) in meeting places known as zawiyas, khanqahs or tekke. They strive for ihsan (perfection of worship), as detailed in a hadith: \"Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you see Him; if you can't see Him, surely He sees you.\" Sufis regard Muhammad as al-Ins\u0101n al-K\u0101mil, the primary perfect man who exemplifies the morality of God, and see him as their leader and prime spiritual guide.\nAll Sufi orders trace most of their original precepts from Muhammad through his cousin and son-in-law Ali, with the notable exception of the Naqshbandi order, who trace their original precepts to Muhammad through his companion and father-in-law, Abu Bakr.\nIt has historically been mistaken as a sect of Islam, when it is in fact a religious order for any Islamic denomination.Although the overwhelming majority of Sufis, both pre-modern and modern, were and are adherents of Sunni Islam, there also developed certain strands of Sufi practice within the ambit of Shia Islam during the late medieval period, particularly after the forced conversion of Iran from majority Sunni to Shia. Traditional Sufi orders during the first five centuries of Islam were all based in Sunni Islam. Although Sufis were opposed to dry legalism, they strictly observed Islamic law and belonged to various schools of Islamic jurisprudence and theology.Sufis have been characterized by their asceticism, especially by their attachment to dhikr, the practice of remembrance of God, often performed after prayers. They gained adherents among a number of Muslims as a reaction against the worldliness of the early Umayyad Caliphate (661\u2013750)\nand have spanned several continents and cultures over a millennium, initially expressing their beliefs in Arabic and later expanding into Persian, Turkish, and Urdu, among others. Sufis played an important role in the formation of Muslim societies through their missionary and educational activities. According to William Chittick, \"In a broad sense, Sufism can be described as the interiorization, and intensification of Islamic faith and practice.\"Despite a relative decline of Sufi orders in the modern era and criticism of some aspects of Sufism by modernist thinkers and conservative Salafists, Sufism has continued to play an important role in the Islamic world, and has also influenced various forms of spirituality in the West.\n\n", "Q1719587": "Neal Antone Dyer better known by the stage name Tony T. is a British singer, rapper and DJ of Jamaican origin, best known as the frontman of German dance music projects Beat System and R.I.O.. His best known hit with R.I.O. was \"Turn This Club Around\", which reached number 3 in German Singles Chart and topped the Swiss Schweizer Hitparade chart, and was certified gold in both charts.", "Q214737": "Julius Mosen (8 July 1803 \u2013 10 October 1867) was a German poet and author of Jewish descent, associated with the Young Germany movement, and now remembered principally for his patriotic poem the Andreas-Hofer-Lied.", "Q832136": "The Oxford English Dictionary defines a business manager as \"a person who manages the business affairs of an individual, institution, organization, or company\".\nCompare manager.\nBusiness managers drive the work of others (if any) in order to operate efficiently and (in the case of for-profit companies) to make a profit.\nThey should have working knowledge of the following areas, and may be a specialist in one or more: finance, marketing and public relations. Other technical areas in which a business manager may have expertise include law, science, and computer programming. In some circumstances, business managers even have oversight over human resources.", "Q65198": "Ammerswil is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. It is located 3 km (2 mi) southeast of the town of Lenzburg.", "Q1112851": "Marianus IV (in Sardinian: Marianu IV de Arbar\u00e8e, in Catalan: Mari\u00e0 IV d'Arborea, 1329 \u2013 1376), called the Great, was the Judge (king) of Arborea, kingdom in the island of Sardinia, from 1347 to his death. He was, as his nickname indicates, the greatest sovereign of Arborea. He was a legislator and a warrior whose reign saw the commencement of massive codification of the laws of his realm and incessant warfare with the Aragonese Empire. He was also a religious man, who had connections to Catherine of Siena. He was, in short, an \"wise legislator, able politician, and valiant warrior.\"", "Q1154804": "Fernando Ubiergo (born February 8, 1953) is a singer-songwriter and Chilean musician.\nUbiergo is renowned for his creative musical work that has developed over a career spanning more than thirty years, which include awards from the Festival International de la Canci\u00f3n de Vi\u00f1a del Mar (the Vi\u00f1a del Mar International Song Festival), Festival de Benidorm (Benidorm International Song Festival) and Festival de la OTI (OTI Festival) among other achievements. Critics have constantly praised his songwriting for its depth and simplicity. He has won the admiration of several generations of Chilean and Latin Americans alike for the style of his musical narrative.", "Q86203": "Peter Charles Newman, CC, CD (born May 10, 1929) is a Canadian journalist and writer.", "Q456987": "Frida Hyv\u00f6nen (born Anna Frida Amanda Hyv\u00f6nen; 30 December 1977) is a Swedish singer-songwriter.\n\n", "Q242571": "Elizabeth de Beauchamp Goudge FRSL (24 April 1900 \u2013 1 April 1984) was a British author of novels, short stories and children's books. She won the Carnegie Medal for British children's books in 1946 for The Little White Horse. She was a best-selling author in both the UK and the US from the 1930s to the 1970s.\nGoudge gained renewed attention decades later. In 1993 one of her books was plagiarised by Indrani Aikath-Gyaltsen; the \"new\" novel set in India garnered rave reviews in both The New York Times and The Washington Post before its source was discovered. In 2001 or 2002 J. K. Rowling identified The Little White Horse as one of her favourite books and one of few with direct influence on the Harry Potter series.", "Q300030": "Geoffrey Nicholas de Bois (born 23 February 1959) is a British Conservative Party politician, who served as Special Adviser and Chief of Staff to Dominic Raab during his brief tenure as Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union. He was elected at the 2010 general election as the Member of Parliament for Enfield North, defeating the Labour incumbent MP Joan Ryan.\nde Bois then went on to lose the seat to Ryan at the next general election, in May 2015.\n\n", "Q732513": "Jos\u00e9 Eug\u00eanio \"J\u00f4\" Soares (born January 16, 1938) is a Brazilian comedian, talk show host, author, theatrical producer, director, actor, painter and musician.Soares was born in Rio de Janeiro. After being educated in Switzerland and United States, Soares returned to Rio and worked at TV Rio in 1958, writing and performing in comedy shows for the station. He acted as an American in Carlos Manga's O Homem do Sputnik. In 1970, Soares started working at Rede Globo.\nIn 1988, Soares moved to SBT, where he hosted a talk-show, J\u00f4 Soares Onze e Meia (\"J\u00f4 Soares Eleven Thirty\"), until 1999. In 2000, Soares took his show's format (very similar to David Letterman's) back to Rede Globo, where it was then called Programa do J\u00f4, and hosted the program until 2016.\nHis first novel O Xang\u00f4 de Baker Street was published in 1995 and has been translated in several languages; it was made into a film in 2001. He has put out various jazz CDs. He has also produced many plays including a recent version of Richard III.", "Q90461": "Paul Julius Adolf Helwig (27 May 1893 \u2013 7 August 1963) was a German stage-manager, script-writer, philosopher and psychologist, who has contributed in an original way to the analysis of human behavior. He was born in L\u00fcbeck, Germany, and died in Munich.\nHis psychological approach has as a starting-point the chains of reactions and events which normally result (and should result !) from acting, and in which one remains involved because they present one possibilities to seize, problems to solve as well as challenges to take. This is typical for the literary drama, but can be seen (and should be seen !) in a less concentrated way in daily life. Problematic, if not pathological, behavior may arise if conditions for starting and continuing such a \"drama of life\" are insufficiently met. One of those conditions, the main one, is what Helwig calls \"resistance\": the resistance the physical and social environment offer to one's aims. If it is too much acting will be blocked, if it is too small action will be short-lived and be in want of intensity and impact.\nHelwig characterizes his approach both as dramaturgical (1958) and behavioristic (1964), the latter because overt behavior is seen as the primary phenomenon, to be explained from the interaction action-environment instead of hypothetical inner forces and features. His \"behaviorism\" starts, however, from very molar behavior units, unlike American behaviorism.", "Q368398": "Henri Lachambre (30 December 1846, Vagney, Vosges \u2013 12 June 1904) was a French manufacturer of balloons. His factory was in the Paris suburb Vaugirard. He also participated in ballooning himself carried out 500 ascents. \nLachambre supplied balloons to both the US Signal Corps [1] and the ill-fated arctic mission of S. A. Andr\u00e9e in 1897. He also worked with the Brazilian aviation pioneer Alberto Santos-Dumont, taking him for his first balloon ascent and going on to construct his first balloon in 1898 and later the envelopes for his dirigibles.\nTogether with his nephew Alexis Machuron Lachambre wrote a book about Andr\u00e9e's expedition, Au p\u00f4le nord en ballon (Imprimerie Nilsson, 1897, 250 pages), which was quickly translated into Swedish, English, French, German, Italian, Dutch and Polish. \n\n", "Q127423": "Karin Victoria Silvstedt (born 19 September 1974) is a Swedish model, actress, singer, and television personality.", "Q12310": "Carlos Ram\u00edrez MacGregor (3 March 1903 in Maracaibo, Zulia state \u2013 15 March 1975 in Caracas) was a Venezuelan lawyer, politician, newspaperman, and diplomat. He obtained a doctorate in law at the University of Madrid, Spain.\nWhen he returned to his country, Venezuela was still being ruled by the dictator Juan Vicente G\u00f3mez. When Gomez died, he was named labor inspector for Zulia state, center of the oil industry, by the government of Eleazar L\u00f3pez Contreras. As such, he prepared a report on working conditions that was influential in the substantial betterment of workers' living conditions by the government and the oil companies.He was congressman seven times spanning a period of over three decades. During his first nomination to Congress, he distinguished himself by defending the economic interests of his state at the time when imports from the USA were restricted because of World War II.\nTogether with politicians such as Alfredo Tarre Murzi and Arturo Uslar Pietri, he was one of the founders of the Venezuelan Democratic Party (Partido Democratico Venezolano, PDV), created to support the administration of president Isaias Medina Angarita. When this government was overthrown in the Revolution of October 1945, Ram\u00edrez MacGregor was briefly jailed by the junta, formed by Accion Democratica party (AD) and military officers, that ruled the country until 1948.\nIn 1949, Ram\u00edrez MacGregor became director of the Maracaibo daily Panorama, a position he held until 1965. He was honored in 1953 with the Maria Moors Cabot prize for Latin American journalists sponsored by the University of Columbia, New York. He also directed the Caracas weekly Momento from 1958 to 1973. In both positions he was a prolific writer of articles on social and political issues. He opposed the dictatorship of Gen. Marcos P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez and he exiled himself starting in 1955.\nWhen democracy was restored to Venezuela in 1958, Ram\u00edrez MacGregor returned to politics, but finally resigned to active participation when he refused to back the candidacy of the AD leader Carlos Andr\u00e9s P\u00e9rez. Ram\u00edrez MacGregor was ambassador to Belgium, M\u00e9xico, Italy, and the UN organisms in Geneva.Ram\u00edrez MacGregor wrote Aspectos de nuestro problema obrero (1937), on labor issues, and Reglamentaci\u00f3n del trabajo en el campo (1940), in which he was pioneer advocate of extending labor legislation to farm workers.\n\n", "Q357168": "Kurt Erik Nilsen (born 29 September 1978) is a Norwegian pop/country singer. He won the first season of the Norwegian version of the reality television show Pop Idol, which aired on TV 2 in May 2003. He then won a one-off international version of Pop Idol, called World Idol on 1 January 2004, featuring winners of the various national Idol shows.", "Q240366": "Kyla Alissa Pratt (born September 16, 1986) is an American actress and musician. She is best known for starring as the voice of Penny Proud in the first animated series for Disney Channel called The Proud Family (which lasted for two seasons), and as Breanna Latrice Barnes in UPN's One on One (which lasted for five seasons). After playing the daughter of Eddie Murphy's character in the films Dr. Dolittle and Dr. Dolittle 2, Pratt became the main character in the remake series of the franchise such as Dr. Dolittle 3, Dr. Dolittle: Tail to the Chief, and Dr. Dolittle: Million Dollar Mutts. Pratt has also been in the films Fat Albert, Hotel for Dogs, and The Proud Family Movie. She has also played in the series Let's Stay Together. She is currently a part of VH1's Black Ink Crew: Compton.", "Q78877": "August (\"Gustl\") Friedrich Kubizek (3 August 1888 \u2013 23 October 1956) was an Austrian man best known for being a close friend of Adolf Hitler, when both were in their late teens. He later wrote about their friendship in his book The Young Hitler I Knew (1955).", "Q303539": "Sometimes They Come Back is a 1991 made-for-TV horror film based on the short story of the same title by Stephen King. Originally optioned as a segment of the feature film Stephen King's Cat's Eye, it was developed into a separate feature by producer Dino De Laurentiis.", "Q230681": "Jean Dorothy Seberg (; French: [\u0292in seb\u025b\u0281\u0261]; November 13, 1938 \u2013 August 30, 1979) was an American actress who lived half her life in France. Her performance in Jean-Luc Godard's 1960 film Breathless immortalized her as an icon of French New Wave cinema.She appeared in 34 films in Hollywood and in Europe, including Saint Joan, Bonjour Tristesse, Lilith, The Mouse That Roared, Moment to Moment, A Fine Madness, Paint Your Wagon, Airport, Macho Callahan, and Gang War in Naples.\nShe was also one of the best-known targets of the FBI COINTELPRO project. Her targeting was a well-documented retaliation for her support of the Black Panther Party in the 1960s.\nSeberg died at the age of 40 in Paris, with police ruling her death a probable suicide. Romain Gary, Seberg's second husband, called a press conference shortly after her death where he publicly blamed the FBI's campaign against Seberg for her deteriorating mental health. Gary claimed that Seberg \"became psychotic\" after the media reported a false story that the FBI planted about her pregnancy in 1970 being with a Black Panther's child. Romain Gary stated that Seberg had attempted suicide on numerous anniversaries of the child's death, August 25.", "Q282033": "Martin Campbell (born 24 October 1943) is a New Zealand film and television director based in the United Kingdom. He is best known for directing the highly regarded British miniseries Edge of Darkness (1985), for which he won a BAFTA, and the James Bond films GoldenEye (1995) and Casino Royale (2006). He also directed The Mask of Zorro (1998), The Legend of Zorro (2005), Green Lantern (2011), and The Foreigner (2017).", "Q662456": "Surcuolm is a village in the municipality of Mundaun in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. In 2009 Surcuolm merged with Flond to form the municipality of Mundaun.", "Q922457": "Richard Harding Davis (April 18, 1864 \u2013 April 11, 1916) was an American journalist and writer of fiction and drama, known foremost as the first American war correspondent to cover the Spanish\u2013American War, the Second Boer War, and the First World War. His writing greatly assisted the political career of Theodore Roosevelt. He also played a major role in the evolution of the American magazine. His influence extended to the world of fashion, and he is credited with making the clean-shaven look popular among men at the turn of the 20th century.", "Q102660": "Ruth Maria Kubitschek (born 2 August 1931) is a German actress born in Czechoslovakia. At the end of WW2 her family fled to K\u00f6then. Ruth Maria went to the University for Theater and Music (Hochschule f\u00fcr Theater und Musik) in Halle and then to the German Theater-Institute (Deutsches Theater-Institut) in Weimar. Together with G\u00f6tz Friedrich she has one son.", "Q190302": "Claude Adrien Helv\u00e9tius (; French: [klod ad\u0281ij\u025b\u0303 \u025blvesjys]; 26 January 1715 \u2013 26 December 1771) was a French philosopher, freemason and litt\u00e9rateur.", "Q71106": "Karl Hillebrand (17 September 1829 - 19 October 1884) was a German author.", "Q529612": "Honor\u00e9 Beaugrand (24 March 1848 \u2013 7 October 1906) was a French Canadian journalist, politician, author and folklorist, born in Berthier County, Quebec.\nAs a young graduate from military school Beaugrand joined the French military forces under General Bazaine in Mexico, supporting the ill-fated emperor Maximilian of Mexico. He returned with those troops to France after the fall of Chapultepec and Maximilian's execution. After some months he moved to New Orleans in 1868 and became a journalist. Subsequently, he wrote for U.S. newspapers in St. Louis, Boston, Chicago, and Lowell and Fall River, Massachusetts.\nIn 1878, he returned to Canada and founded the newspaper La Patrie in Montreal to take the place of Le National which had recently folded. It ceased publication in 1957, after 78 years. In August 1879 he acquired Le Canard from publisher and satirist Hector Berthelot. He made a name as a political writer and reporter, and in 1885 received the cross of the French L\u00e9gion d'honneur.\nHe became a freemason in 1873 and took part in the foundation of Montreal \u00c9mancipation lodge in 1897.\nHe was elected mayor of Montreal in 1885. Today, a street in Montreal and the Honor\u00e9-Beaugrand station on the green line of the Montreal metro are named in his honour. He is most famous in Quebec for writing down the legend of the \"Chasse-galerie\", published in 1891 in La chasse galerie: l\u00e9gendes canadiennes, which also included \"Le loup-garou,\" \"La b\u00eate \u00e0 grand\u2019queue,\" \"Macloune,\" and \"Le p\u00e8re Louison.\"", "Q333411": "Prince Ilia Chavchavadze (Georgian: \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10ed\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4; 8 November 1837 \u2014 12 September 1907) was a Georgian writer, political figure, poet, and publisher who spearheaded the revival of the Georgian national movement in the second half of the 19th century, during the Russian rule of Georgia. He is Georgia's \"most universally revered hero.\"Inspired by the contemporary liberal movements in Europe, as a writer and a public figure, Chavchavadze directed much of his efforts toward awakening national ideals in Georgians and to the creation of a stable society in his homeland. His most important literary works were: The Hermit, The Ghost, Otaraant Widow, Kako The Robber, Happy Nation, Letters of a Traveler and Is a man a human?!. He was editor-in-chief of the periodicals Sakartvelos Moambe (1863\u201377) and Iveria (1877\u20131905), and authored numerous articles for journals. He was a devoted protector of the Georgian language and culture from Russification. He is considered the main contributor of Georgian cultural nationalism. The three main ethnic markers of Georgian identity, according to Chavchavadze, consisted of territory, language, and Christianity. Despite this, his nationalism was secular.Chavchavadze was fatally wounded in Tsitsamuri, outside Mtskheta, by a gang of assassins. His legacy earned him the broad admiration of the Georgian people. In 1987 he was canonized as Saint Ilia the Righteous (\u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, tsminda ilia martali) by the Georgian Orthodox Church. Today, Georgians revere Chavchavadze as The Uncrowned King (\u10e3\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4, ugvirgvino mepe) and the \"Father of the Nation.\"", "Q1658524": "Michael Waller (6 September 1941 \u2013 29 April 2008) was an English drummer, who played with many of the biggest names on the UK rock and blues scene, after he became a professional musician in 1960. In addition to being a member, albeit sometimes briefly, of some of the seminal bands of the 1960s, Waller played as a session musician with a host of UK and US artists and was famously known for never having a full drum kit whenever he turned up for recording sessions.", "Q362138": "Johann Voldemar Jannsen (16 May [O.S. 4 May] 1819 in V\u00e4ndra, Livonia, Russian Empire \u2013 13 July [O.S. 1 July] 1890} in Tartu) was an Estonian journalist and poet active in Livonia.\nHe wrote the words of the patriotic song \"Mu isamaa, mu \u00f5nn ja r\u00f5\u00f5m\", which later became the national anthem of Estonia. He was the father of the poet Lydia Koidula. As the leader of the choral society which organised the first nationwide Song Festival in Tartu in 1869, Jannsen played a crucial role in the Estonian National Awakening.", "Q165823": "Giorgos or George Seferis (; Greek: \u0393\u03b9\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b5\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 [\u02c8\u029dor\u0263os se\u02c8feris]), the pen name of Georgios Seferiades (\u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2; March 13 [O.S. February 29] 1900 \u2013 September 20, 1971), was a Greek poet-diplomat. He was one of the most important Greek poets of the 20th century, and a Nobel laureate. He was a career diplomat in the Greek Foreign Service, culminating in his appointment as Ambassador to the UK, a post which he held from 1957 to 1962.", "Q78644": "Waris Dirie (Somali: Waris Diiriye) (born 1965) is a Somali model, author, actress and human rights activist in the fight against Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). From 1997 to 2003, she served as a UN special ambassador against female genital cutting. In 2002 she founded her own organization in Vienna (Austria), the Desert Flower Foundation.", "Q69991": "Corippo is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nWith a population of just 12 inhabitants, July 2018, it is the smallest municipality in Switzerland. Despite this, it possesses the trappings of communities many times its size: an official website (www.corippo.ch), its own coat of arms, a village church, a restaurant, and a mayor who leads a town council consisting of three local citizens. The village has maintained its status as an independent entity since its incorporation in 1822.", "Q196773": "Zeruya Shalev (Hebrew: \u05e6\u05e8\u05d5\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u200e, born 13 May 1959) is a bestselling Israeli author.", "Q841133": "The National Democratic Party (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u200e Al-\u1e24izb Al-Wa\u1e6dan\u012b Ad-D\u012bm\u016bqr\u0101\u1e6d\u012b), often simply called in Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u200e Al-\u1e24izb al-Wa\u1e6daniy \u2013 the \"National Party\", was a centrist political party in Egypt. It was founded by President Anwar El Sadat in 1978.The NDP wielded uncontested power in state politics, usually considered a de facto single party with authoritarian characteristics inside an officially multi-party system, from its creation until the resignation of Sadat's successor Hosni Mubarak in response to the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.\nThe National Democratic Party was an authoritarian centrist party. From its inception, it was by far the most powerful of the parties to emerge from the Arab Socialist Union (ASU), the former ruling sole party since 1962 and was as such seen as its organic successor. However, in contrast to ASU's strong emphasis on Arab nationalism and Arab socialism (see: Nasserism), the NDP developed into a moderate centrist party. The NDP was a member of the Socialist International from 1989, until it was expelled in 2011, in response to the revolution.The party was dissolved on 16 April 2011 by court order, and its assets were transferred to the state.", "Q325273": "John Clyde Copeland (March 27, 1937 \u2013 July 3, 1997) was an American Texas blues guitarist and singer. In 1983, he was named Blues Entertainer of the Year by the Blues Foundation.\nHe is the father of blues singer Shemekia Copeland.\nIn 2017, Copeland was posthumously inducted in to the Blues Hall of Fame.", "Q510093": "Paul Harrington (born Dublin, Republic of Ireland) is an Irish musician, who, with Charlie McGettigan, won the Eurovision Song Contest for Ireland in 1994.", "Q226008": "An idol (\u30a2\u30a4\u30c9\u30eb, aidoru) is a type of entertainer manufactured and marketed for image, attractiveness, and personality in Japanese pop culture. Idols are primarily singers, but they are also trained in other roles, such as acting, dancing, and modeling. Unlike other celebrities, idols are commercialized through merchandise and endorsements by talent agencies while maintaining a strong emotional connection with a passionate consumer fan base.", "Q70218": "Wilhelm Buck (12 November 1869 in Bautzen, Kingdom of Saxony \u2013 2 December 1945 in Radebeul) was a German politician and representative of the Social Democratic Party and the splinter party, Old Social Democratic Party of Germany. From 5 May 1920 to 21 March 1923 he was minister-president of the Free State of Saxony.", "Q68457": "Rickenbach is a municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q1354843": "Colson Baker (born Richard Colson Baker; April 22, 1990), known professionally as Machine Gun Kelly (abbreviated as MGK), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and actor from Cleveland, Ohio. He has released five studio albums throughout his career. As an actor, Baker made his film debut in the 2014 romantic drama Beyond the Lights. He has also appeared in several other films and had a recurring role on the Showtime series Roadies in 2016.\nHe embarked on a musical career as a teenager, releasing a mixtape in 2006. He went on to release four more mixtapes. Baker then secured a recording contract with Bad Boy and Interscope Records in 2011. His major label debut album, Lace Up, was released in October 2012 to positive response from critics. The record contained the singles \"Wild Boy\", \"Invincible\", \"Stereo\", and \"Hold On (Shut Up)\", and debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 chart; it was later confirmed to have sold more than 178,000 copies. \nIn early 2015, he released the singles \"Till I Die\" and \"A Little More\" for his second studio album, General Admission, which released in October 2015, and debuted at number four in the US. The album incorporated darker tones and storytelling, with elements of rap rock and R&B as well. His third studio album, Bloom, was released on May 12, 2017, preceded by \"Bad Things\" with Camila Cabello, peaking at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming his highest-charting single. His fourth studio album, Hotel Diablo, was released July 5, 2019 and was supported by three singles: \"Hollywood Whore\", \"El Diablo\", and \"I Think I'm Okay\" (featuring Travis Barker and Yungblud).\n\n", "Q192515": "Jason Thomas Mraz (; born June 23, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter. In 2002 he released his debut studio album, Waiting for My Rocket to Come, which contained the single \"The Remedy (I Won't Worry)\" that reached #4 on the US Billboard chart. His second album, Mr. A-Z, released in 2005, peaked at number 5 on the Billboard 200 and sold over 100,000 copies in the US. In 2008 Mraz released his third studio album, We Sing. We Dance. We Steal Things. It debuted at number 3 on the Billboard 200. and was an international commercial success primarily due to the hit \"I'm Yours\". The song peaked at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100, giving him his first top ten single, and spent a then-record 76 weeks on the Hot 100. His fourth album, Love Is a Four Letter Word, peaked at number 2 on the Billboard 200, his highest-charting album to date.\nMraz has won two Grammy Awards and received two additional nominations, and has also won two Teen Choice Awards, a People's Choice Award and the Hal David Songwriters Hall of Fame Award. He has earned Platinum and multi-Platinum certifications in over 20 countries, and has toured in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East and parts of Africa. As of July 2014 Mraz has sold over seven million albums, and over 11.5 million downloaded singles. His musical style, from rhythmic feeling to his use of nylon string guitars, has been heavily influenced by Brazilian music.\n\n", "Q971782": "Sir Simon Russell Beale, (born 12 January 1961) is an English actor, author and music historian.Beale has been described by The Independent as \"the greatest stage actor of his generation\". He has appeared in Persuasion (1995), The Young Visiters (2003), Dunkirk (2004), The Deep Blue Sea (2011) and as Falstaff in the BBC made-for-television films Henry IV, Part I and Part II (2012). He was part of the main cast of Showtime's Penny Dreadful. More recently, he has appeared in Into the Woods (2014) and The Death of Stalin (2017).", "Q159102": "The Federal University of Bahia (Portuguese: Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA) is a public university located mainly in the city of Salvador. It is the largest university in the state of Bahia and one of Brazil's most prestigious educational institutions.\nStudents can study there without paying tuition fees, as it is a public university. To join the university they must pass an annual examination, known as the \"ENEM\" (National High School Exam).", "Q2488951": "Cynog son of Brychan (Welsh: Cynog ap Brychan; born c. 434), better known as Saint Cynog (Old Welsh: Kennauc), was an early Welsh saint and martyr. His shrine is at Merthyr Cynog in Wales and his feast day is observed on 7 or 9 October.\nCynog was reputedly a son of Brychan, a powerful Welsh prince of the British Dark Ages. Cynog's mother was reputedly Benadulved, daughter of Benadyl, a prince of Powys, whom Brychan seduced while a hostage at the court of her father.He is said to have been murdered on the mountain called the Van (Bannau Brycheiniog). His relics are housed at Merthyr Cynog.\nIn 1188, Gerald of Wales wrote that there still existed a certain relic purported to be a royal torc that had once been worn by Cynog, presumably as an item of royal regalia. Gerald encountered this relic while travelling through Brycheiniog. He wrote of this relic:\n\nMoreover I must not be silent concerning the collar which they call St. Canauc's; for it is most like to gold in weight, nature, and colour; it is in four pieces wrought round, joined together artificially, and clefted as it were in the middle, with a dog's head, the teeth standing outward; it is esteemed by the inhabitants so powerful a relic, that no man dares swear falsely when it is laid before him: it bears the marks of some severe blows, as if made with an iron hammer; for a certain man, as it is said, endeavouring to break the collar for the sake of the gold, experienced the divine vengeance, was deprived of his eyesight, and lingered the remainder of his days in darkness.\nThe detailed description, which, though not easy to interpret, points, in the opinion of Sir T. D. Kendrick, to its probably being Welsh or Irish work of the Viking period, i.e. the 10th or the 11th century.He is chiefly commemorated in Brycheiniog, where Defynnog, Ystradgynlais, Penderyn, Battle, Llangynog, and Merthyr Cynog, are all named after him, the last being reputed his place of burial.", "Q684886": "The Labour Party (Maltese: Partit Laburista, PL), formerly known as the Malta Labour Party (MLP), is a social-democratic political party in Malta. Along with the Nationalist Party (PN), the Labour Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in Malta. Since the March 2013 general election, the party has been the governing party in the Maltese House of Representatives. The Labour Party is a member of the Party of European Socialists, and was a member of the Socialist International until December 2014. The party is democratic socialist by constitution.", "Q339882": "The Last Chase is a 1981 Canadian-American dystopian science fiction film directed by Martyn Burke who was also the producer on the film, produced for Argosy Films. The film stars Lee Majors, Burgess Meredith and Chris Makepeace in a futuristic scenario about a former racing driver who reassembles his old Porsche and drives to California in a world where cars and motor vehicles of all kinds have been outlawed by the powers that be.", "Q160783": "Michel Tournier (French: [tu\u0281nje]; 19 December 1924 \u2212 18 January 2016) was a French writer. He won awards such as the Grand Prix du roman de l'Acad\u00e9mie fran\u00e7aise in 1967 for Friday, or, The Other Island and the Prix Goncourt for The Erl-King in 1970. \nHis inspirations included traditional German culture, Catholicism and the philosophies of Gaston Bachelard. He resided in Choisel and was a member of the Acad\u00e9mie Goncourt. His autobiography has been translated and published as The Wind Spirit (Beacon Press, 1988). He was on occasion in contention for the Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Q854258": "Raymond Manuel Toro-Ortiz (born July 15, 1977) is an American musician who serves as lead guitarist and backing vocalist of the band My Chemical Romance.\n\n", "Q318694": "Clifford Williams (born 14 December 1949) is a retired English musician who has been a member of the Australian hard rock band AC/DC as their bassist and backing vocalist since 1977. He had started his professional music career in 1967 and was previously in the British groups Home and Bandit. His first studio album with AC/DC was Powerage in 1978. The band, including Williams, was inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003. Williams' side projects, while a member of AC/DC, include benefit concerts and playing with Emir & Frozen Camels on their album San (2002) and a European tour. In 2016, Williams announced his retirement from the music industry after AC/DC's Rock or Bust World Tour.", "Q309941": "Tracy Lauren Marrow (born February 16, 1958), better known by his stage name Ice-T, is an American musician, rapper, songwriter, actor, record producer, and author. He began his career as an underground rapper in the 1980s and was signed to Sire Records in 1987, when he released his debut album Rhyme Pays; the second hip-hop album to carry an explicit content sticker after Slick Rick's La Di Da Di. The following year, he founded the record label Rhyme $yndicate Records (named after his collective of fellow hip-hop artists called the \"Rhyme $yndicate\") and released another album, Power, which went on to go Platinum. He also released several other albums that went Gold.\nHe co-founded the heavy metal band Body Count, which he introduced on his 1991 rap album O.G.: Original Gangster, on the track titled \"Body Count\". The band released their self-titled debut album in 1992. Ice-T encountered controversy over his track \"Cop Killer\", the lyrics of which discussed killing police officers. Ice-T asked to be released from his contract with Warner Bros. Records, and his next solo album, Home Invasion, was released later in February 1993 through Priority Records. Body Count's next album was released in 1994, and Ice-T released two more albums in the late-1990s. Since 2000, he has portrayed NYPD Detective/Sergeant Odafin Tutuola on the NBC police drama Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. In 2018, he began hosting the true crime documentary, In Ice Cold Blood, on the Oxygen cable channel. In 2020, In Ice Cold Blood began its third season.", "Q119526": "In the House (French: Dans la maison) is a 2012 French comedy drama directed by Fran\u00e7ois Ozon. The film's screenplay by Ozon is loosely based on Juan Mayorga's play El chico de la \u00faltima fila (The Boy in the Last Row).\nThe film won the main prize at the 2012 San Sebasti\u00e1n International Film Festival, the Golden Shell, as well as the Jury Prize for Best Screenplay.", "Q722933": "Petro Vasylovych Balabuyev (Ukrainian: \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0454\u0432, 23 March 1931 in Valuisk, Luhansk Oblast, Ukrainian SSR \u2013 17 May 2007) was a Ukrainian aircraft designer, engineer, Doctor of Engineering (1988), professor, chief designer of the Antonov Design Bureau (1984 \u2013 May 2005), Hero of Socialist Labour and a Hero of Ukraine, head of Kiev-based Antonov Aircraft for almost 20 years.", "Q184411": "Zeenat Khan (born 19 November 1951), better known as Zeenat Aman, is an Indian actress and model, who is best known for her work in Bollywood films, and is widely considered to be a highly influential actress in Indian cinema. She was one of the highest paid actresses throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, and has received a wide variety of awards throughout her film career. Aman's early works included the films The Evil Within (1970) and Hulchul (1971). \nShe made her official film debut with the film Hare Rama Hare Krishna (1971) for which she won a Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award for her performance. She has also received two Filmfare Best Actress Award nominations for her roles in Satyam Shivam Sundaram (1978) and Insaf Ka Tarazu (1980).\nAman has starred in over 80 films, many of which that have been deemed classics, and throughout her career has won various and been nominated for various awards, which include Filmfare Awards, and has also won various lifetime achievement awards, such as the Zee Cine Award for Lifetime Achievement, the Society Achievers Award, and two contribution awards from the IIFA Awards. She has been noted for being one of the few to play more unconventional roles in Bollywood, breaking the traditional taboo and revolutionising the Bollywood industry.\nBefore acting, Aman began her career as a short-lived journalist for Femina magazine. She also began to take up modelling, and at the age of 19 went on to participate in beauty pageants, winning both the Femina Miss India pageant and the Miss Asia Pacific International pageant in 1970. Continuing in fashion, she had also appeared in many magazine and magazine covers throughout the 1970s and 1980s.", "Q72369": "Johann Faulhaber (5 May 1580 \u2013 10 September 1635) was a German mathematician.\n\nBorn in Ulm, Faulhaber was a trained weaver who later took the role of a surveyor of the city of Ulm. He collaborated with Johannes Kepler and Ludolph van Ceulen. Besides his work on the fortifications of cities (notably Basel and Frankfurt), Faulhaber built water wheels in his home town and geometrical instruments for the military. Faulhaber made the first publication of Henry Briggs's Logarithm in Germany. He's also credited with the first printed solution of equal temperament. He died in Ulm.\nFaulhaber's major contribution was in calculating the sums of powers of integers. Jacob Bernoulli makes references to Faulhaber in his Ars Conjectandi.", "Q150126": "Hasret G\u00fcltekin (1 May 1971 \u2013 2 July 1993) was an Alevi Kurdish musician and poet. He was murdered in what is known as the Sivas massacre, along with 37 other people, in the Sivas Province of Turkey when an Islamist mob set fire to the Mad\u0131mak Hotel.G\u00fcltekin was born in the Han village of Sivas as the third child of S\u00fcleyman and Hac\u0131han\u0131m G\u00fcltekin. He started playing ba\u011flama at the age of six and dropped out of high school to pursue a career in music. He completed his first album G\u00fcn Olayd\u0131 (If It Had Been Day) when he was only sixteen years old. In 1989, he demonstrated his mastery of the \u015felpe technique of ba\u011flama on his second album Gece ile G\u00fcnd\u00fcz Aras\u0131nda (Between Night and Day). His third album R\u00fczgar\u0131n Kanatlar\u0131 (The Wings of the Wind) was released in 1991. Later that year he married Yeter G\u00fcltekin. On 2 July 1993 he went to Sivas to take part in the Pir Sultan Abdal Cultural Festival alongside many other musicians, authors, poets and intellectuals. He died at the age of 22 during the arson attack on the Madimak Hotel where he was staying. His wife gave birth to their son, Roni Hasret G\u00fcltekin, three months after his death.", "Q65615": "Diepoldsau is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q119240": "Elisabeth M\u00fcller (18 July 1926 \u2013 11 December 2006) was a Swiss actress.", "Q87848": "Wolfgang M\u00fcller von K\u00f6nigswinter (15 March 1816 in K\u00f6nigswinter \u2013 29 June 1873 in Bad Neuenahr) was a German novelist and poet. He settled in Cologne, and became a popular poet, novelist, and chronicler of the Rhine region.", "Q109053": "Arthur Tatum Jr. (, October 13, 1909 \u2013 November 5, 1956) was an American jazz pianist.\nTatum grew up in Toledo, Ohio, where he began playing piano professionally and had his own radio program, rebroadcast nationwide, while still in his teens. He left Toledo in 1932 and had residencies as a solo pianist at clubs in major urban centers including New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles. Throughout his career, Tatum also played in after-hours venues \u2013 at which he was said to be more spontaneous and creative than in his regular paid performances. Tatum drank large quantities of alcohol when performing, and although it did not negatively affect his playing, it did damage his health. In the 1940s, Tatum led a commercially successful trio for a short time and began playing in more formal jazz concert settings, including at Norman Granz-produced Jazz at the Philharmonic events. Granz recorded Tatum extensively in solo and small group formats in the mid-1950s, with the last session occurring only two months before the pianist's death from uremia at the age of 47.\nTatum is widely regarded as one of the greatest jazz pianists. His playing encompassed the styles of earlier greats, while adding harmonic and rhythmic imagination and complexity. Acclaimed for his virtuoso technique, Tatum extended the vocabulary and boundaries of jazz piano, and established new ground in jazz through innovative use of reharmonization, voicing, and bitonality.", "Q89865": "Joseph Kalmer (August 17, 1898, Nehrybka, today Poland - July 9, 1959, Vienna) was an Austrian writer, poet and translator.\nKalmer attended high school in Czernowitz and gymnasium in Vienna. He started to write during his studies, and later became a journalist. In 1938, after the Anschluss, he emigrated to Czechoslovakia and a year later to England where he set up a literary agency.\nIn 1935, together with Ludwig Huyn, Kalmer wrote a book Abessinien (Abyssinia or Ethiopia) about travel to that country. The book is a vivid and detailed description of the history, people and customs of this ancient country getting dragged into the modern age under threat of war with Italy. The book was translated into several languages (e.g. into Czech, 1935).", "Q534643": "The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (), is a multi-campus South African public research university situated in the northern areas of central Johannesburg. It is more commonly known as Wits University or Wits ( or ). The university has its roots in the mining industry, as do Johannesburg and the Witwatersrand in general. Founded in 1896 as the South African School of Mines in Kimberley, it is the third oldest South African university in continuous operation.\nThe university has an enrolment of 40,259 students as of 2018, of which approximately 20 percent live on campus in the university's 17 residences. 63 percent of the university's total enrolment is for undergraduate study, with 35 percent being postgraduate and the remaining 2 percent being Occasional Students.The 2017 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) places Wits University, with its overall score, as the highest ranked university in Africa. Wits was ranked as the top university in South Africa in the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) in 2016. According to the CWUR rankings, Wits occupies this ranking position since 2014.\n\n", "Q97483": "Friedrich von Lucanus full name Friedrich Karl Hermann von Lucanus (20 June 1869, Berlin - 18 February 1947, Buschow) was a German professional soldier (Oberstleutnant a.D.; Dr.h.c.)) ornithologist, ethologist and author of popular scientific animal books. \n\nDas Leben der V\u00f6gel. A. Scherl, Berlin, 1925\nTier und Jagd. Berlin, 1926\nIm Zauber des Tierlebens. Volksverband der B\u00fccherfreunde, Wegweiser-Verlag, Berlin, 1926\nNaturdenkm\u00e4ler aus der deutschen Vogelwelt. H. Berm\u00fchler, Berlin-Lichterfelde, 1927\nDie R\u00e4tsel des Vogelzuges. (1. Aufl. 1922.) 3., verm u. verb. Aufl., H. Beyer & S\u00f6hne, Langensalza, 1929\nZugv\u00f6gel und Vogelzug. Julius Springer, Berlin, 1929\nDeutschlands Vogelwelt. Parey, Berlin, 1937He was President of the German Ornithologists' Society from 1921\u20131926 and a Corresponding \nFellow of the American Ornithologists' Union.", "Q437438": "Christine Ebersole (born February 21, 1953) is an American actress and singer. She has appeared in film, television, and on stage. She appeared on Broadway in the musical 42nd Street, winning a Tony Award, and appeared both off-Broadway and on Broadway in the musical Grey Gardens, winning her second Tony Award. She has co-starred on the TBS sitcom Sullivan & Son, in which she played Carol Walsh, and earned an Emmy Award nomination for her work in One Life to Live. Ebersole also appeared in the 1988 critical and box-office flop Mac and Me.", "Q959768": "Harold Rosenberg (1906\u20131978) was an American writer, educator, philosopher and art critic. He coined the term Action Painting in 1952 for what was later to be known as abstract expressionism. Rosenberg is best known for his art criticism. From 1967 until his death, he was the art critic of The New Yorker.", "Q263232": "At Night All Cats Are Crazy (French: La nuit, tous les chats sont gris, lit. At night all cats are grey) is a French film by G\u00e9rard Zingg released in 1977.", "Q278174": "Takeshi Kaik\u014d (\u958b\u9ad8 \u5065, Kaik\u014d Takeshi, also \"Kaik\u014d Ken\", 30 December 1930 \u2013 9 December 1989) was a prominent post-World War II Japanese novelist, short-story writer, essayist, literary critic, and television documentary writer. He was distinguished by his knowledge, intellect, sense of humor and conversational skills, and although his style has been criticized as wordy and obtuse, he was one of the more popular Japanese writers in the late Sh\u014dwa period.", "Q362886": "David Hall Hodges (born December 5, 1978) is a singer, songwriter, producer, composer, and keyboardist from Little Rock, Arkansas who has sold over 60 million albums. He is well known for having been a member of the band Evanescence, as well as a successful songwriter and producer. He has also been part of the bands Trading Yesterday, The Age of Information, Avox, and Arrows to Athens.", "Q530425": "S\u00e1muel Mikoviny (Hungarian: Mikoviny S\u00e1muel, Slovak: Samuel Mikov\u00edni ? \u2013 23 March 1750) was a mathematician, engineer, cartographer, and professor. He was a leading representative of science and technology in the 18th century Kingdom of Hungary and Habsburg Monarchy.\n\n", "Q2086235": "Philip John Holmes (born May 24, 1945) is the Eugene Higgins Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Princeton University. As a member of the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering department, he formerly served as the interim chair until May 2007.\nBefore moving to Princeton in 1994 he taught theoretical and applied mechanics at Cornell University from 1977 until 1994, when he was the Charles N. Mellowes Professor of Engineering and Professor of Mathematics.\nHolmes was educated in England at the University of Oxford, where he studied engineering from 1964 to 1967, and at the University of Southampton, where he obtained a Ph.D. in engineering in 1974.\nHe has made solid contributions to the field of nonlinear dynamics and differential equations. His book on dynamical systems with John Guckenheimer is a landmark in the field.\nHe was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1994. In 2001 he was elected an honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 2006 he was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society, and in 2012 he was elected a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.He also has published several collections of poetry.", "Q4315019": "Bogomolets National Medical University (NMU) is a medical school founded in 1841 in Kiev, Russian Empire by the Russian Tsar Nicolas I. The university is named after physiologist Alexander A. Bogomolets. NMU provides medical training for over 10,000 students, including about 1,300 foreigners from 56 countries. The university employs about 1,200 teaching staff.The university was founded by the Royal Highness of Mykola. Bogomolets National Medical University is one of the best medical universities in Ukraine. It offers various courses in undergraduate and post-graduate levels to students. The university consists of 10 faculties. Bogomolets National Medical University also has a separate Institute for Post Graduate Education. The university is a pioneer in training medical specialists and research personnel in the field of healthcare. Bogomolets National Medical University has around 1500 professors. Included in the numbers are 855 Phd and 205 Doctors of Sciences. Thus, the students are trained by expert professionals and academicians in the field of medicine.", "Q11194": "Sarajevo ( SARR-\u0259-YAY-voh; Cyrillic: \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0435\u0432\u043e, pronounced [s\u01ceraje\u028bo] (listen); see names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton, East Sarajevo and nearby municipalities, is home to 555,210 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of the Balkans.\nSarajevo is the political, financial, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina and a prominent center of culture in the Balkans, with region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion and the arts.Due to its long history of religious and cultural diversity, Sarajevo is sometimes called the \"Jerusalem of Europe\" or \"Jerusalem of the Balkans\". It is one of only a few major European cities to have a mosque, Catholic church, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood. A regional center in education, the city is home to the Balkans\u2019 first institution of tertiary education in the form of an Islamic madrasa, today part of the University of Sarajevo.Although settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the modern city arose as an Ottoman stronghold in the 15th century. Sarajevo has attracted international attention several times throughout its history. In 1885, Sarajevo was the first city in Europe and the second city in the world to have a full-time electric tram network running through the city, following San Francisco. In 1914, it was the site of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by local Young Bosnia activist Gavrilo Princip that sparked World War I, which also ended Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and resulted in the creation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Later, after World War II, the establishment of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Second Yugoslavia led to a massive expansion of Sarajevo, then the constituent republic's capital, which culminated with the hosting of the 1984 Winter Olympics marking a prosperous era for the city. However, after the start of the Yugoslav Wars, for 1,425 days, from April 1992 to February 1996, the city suffered the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare, during the Bosnian War and the breakup of Yugoslavia.Sarajevo has been undergoing post-war reconstruction, and is the fastest growing city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The travel guide series Lonely Planet has named Sarajevo as the 43rd best city in the world, and in December 2009 listed Sarajevo as one of the top ten cities to visit in 2010. In 2011, Sarajevo was nominated to be the 2014 European Capital of Culture and in 2019, it hosted the European Youth Olympic Festival. In October 2019, Sarajevo was designated as a UNESCO Creative City for placing culture at the center of its development strategies, and is one of the world's eighteen Cities of Film.", "Q333377": "Slumber Party Massacre II is a 1987 American black comedy slasher film written and directed by Deborah Brock, and produced by Roger Corman. It is the second installment in the Slumber Party Massacre trilogy, and stars Crystal Bernard, and Atanas Ilitch. The film follows Courtney, from the first film, as she and her friends are attacked by a supernatural killer with a power-drilled guitar. A sequel, Slumber Party Massacre III, was released in 1990.\nSlumber Party Massacre II grossed $1.3 million at the box office on a budget of $500,000. Despite a largely negative reception, the film has attracted a small cult following among fans of the slasher genre.", "Q2897234": "Edward Peter Djerejian (born March 6, 1939) is a former United States diplomat who served in eight administrations from John F. Kennedy to Bill Clinton (1962\u201394.) He served as the United States Ambassador to Syria (1988\u201391) and Israel (1993\u201394), Special Assistant to President Ronald Reagan and Deputy Press Secretary of Foreign Affairs (1985\u20131986), and was Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs (1991\u20131993.) He is the director of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University and is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and on the board of trustees of the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Djerejian was elected chairman of Occidental Petroleum Corporation\u2019s board of directors (2013\u20132015). He is managing partner of Djerejian Global Consultancies, LLP. Djerejian is the author of the book Danger and Opportunity: An American Ambassador's Journey Through the Middle East (Simon & Schuster, Threshold Editions, September 2008. ISBN 1-416-55493-9)", "Q27426": "The Campo Verano (Italian: Cimitero del Verano) is a cemetery in Rome, Italy, founded in the early 19th century. The monumental cemetery is currently divided into sections: the Jewish cemetery, the Catholic cemetery, and the monument to the victims of World War I.", "Q250820": "Craig Horner (born 24 January 1983) is an Australian actor and musician who first appeared in the Australian television program Cybergirl. He is best known for his role as Richard Cypher on the television series Legend of the Seeker.", "Q239896": "Nello Pazzafini (15 May 1933 \u2013 27 November 1997) was an Italian actor who appeared in a very large number of Peplum movies, Spaghetti Westerns and Poliziotteschi. He was an ex-bodyguard and often played a \"tough guy\" character.", "Q71660": "Constanze Angela Krehl (born 14 October 1956) is a German politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany. She is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.", "Q67016": "Orvin is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). Above it, there is a small year round resort, called les \"Pr\u00e9s-d'Orvin\".", "Q68325": "Johann Gottfried Kinkel (11 August 1815 \u2013 13 November 1882) was a German poet also noted for his revolutionary activities and his escape from a Prussian prison in Spandau with the help of his friend Carl Schurz.", "Q229449": "Severina Koji\u0107 (n\u00e9e Vu\u010dkovi\u0107, born 21 April 1972), known professionally as Severina, is a Croatian singer-songwriter and actress. In 2006, the Croatian weekly Nacional listed her among the 100 most influential Croats, calling her \"the only bona fide Croatian celebrity\".She represented Croatia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2006, held in Athens, Greece, with the song Moja \u0160tikla, finishing 12th.\nShe won the award \"Zlatna ptica\" for the best selling artist of the decade in Croatia. In 2015, she was the most googled person in Croatia and Slovenia.", "Q4820664": "August Adolphus Busch IV (born June 15, 1964) is an American businessman and former CEO of Anheuser-Busch. He was the last of the family to control the company, which was purchased in a hostile takeover in 2008 by InBev. Busch IV was known for his marketing leadership, where his history as head of the Anheuser-Busch marketing department garnered ten straight USA Today Super Bowl Ad Meter awards, as well as awards at Cannes and the Grand Clio. He also served as a director of shipping giant FedEx. Busch has been involved in a number of legal incidents during his lifetime.", "Q8047426": "The Yale School of Management (also known as Yale SOM) is the graduate business school of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. The School awards the Master of Business Administration (MBA), MBA for Executives (EMBA), Master of Advanced Management (MAM), Master's Degree in Systemic Risk, Master's Degree in Global Business & Society, Master's Degree in Asset Management, and Ph.D. degrees, as well as joint degrees with nine other graduate programs at Yale University. As of August 2019, 666 students were enrolled in its MBA program, 134 in the EMBA program, 70 in the MAM program, 32 in the Master of Global Business Studies program, 11 in the Master of Systemic Risk program, and 59 in the PhD program; 122 students were pursuing joint degrees. The School has 90 full-time faculty members, and the dean is Kerwin Kofi Charles.The School conducts education and research in leadership, behavioral economics, operations management, marketing, entrepreneurship, organizational behavior, and other areas. The EMBA program offers focused study in healthcare, asset management, or sustainability. The School also offers semester-long student exchange programs with HEC Paris, IESE, the London School of Economics, the National University of Singapore Business School, and Tsinghua University. Students may also propose a quarter- or semester-long exchange program with any of the 25 other schools of the Global Network for Advanced Management.", "Q4165546": "Abdullah bin Faisal Al Saud (18 June 1923 \u2013 8 May 2007) was a Saudi businessman and a senior member of the House of Saud. He held several cabinet posts in the government of Saudi Arabia in the 1950s.", "Q60779": "Curt Carl Alfred von Bardeleben (4 March 1861 in Berlin \u2013 31 January 1924(1924-01-31) (aged 62) in Berlin) was a German chess master, journalist, and member of the German nobility.", "Q701640": "Ferenc Herczeg (born Franz Herzog, 22 September 1863 in Versec, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire \u2013 24 February 1954 in Budapest, Hungary) was a Hungarian playwright and author who promoted conservative nationalist opinion in his country. \nHe was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times.", "Q462363": "Helen Hunt Jackson (pen name, H.H.; born Helen Maria Fiske; October 15, 1830 \u2013 August 12, 1885) was an American poet and writer who became an activist on behalf of improved treatment of Native Americans by the United States government. She described the adverse effects of government actions in her history A Century of Dishonor (1881). Her novel Ramona (1884) dramatized the federal government's mistreatment of Native Americans in Southern California after the Mexican\u2013American War and attracted considerable attention to her cause. Commercially popular, it was estimated to have been reprinted 300 times and most readers liked its romantic and picturesque qualities rather than its political content. The novel was so popular that it attracted many tourists to Southern California who wanted to see places from the book.", "Q104563": "Michael Schanze (born 15 January 1947 in Tutzing) is a German television presenter, actor and singer.", "Q95280": "Inge Viermetz (born 7 March 1908 in Aschaffenburg \u2013 23 April 1997 in Vaterstetten) was responsible for the Lebensborn in Nazi Germany. As an assistant to Max Sollmann, head of the Lebensborn, she was acquitted at the RuSHA Trial.", "Q237677": "Mia Rose (born Maria Ant\u00f3nia Teixeira Rosa; 26 January 1988) is an English-born singer-songwriter of Portuguese descent, notable for her popularity on the video sharing website YouTube.", "Q655563": "Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd (Chinese characters \u5f35\u6c38\u8a18), known as P\u00e9trus Ky and Jean-Baptiste P\u00e9trus, (V\u0129nh Long Province, 6 December 1837 - 1 September 1898) was a Vietnamese scholar whose publications helped improve understanding between colonial Vietnam and Europe. His works helped popularize the romanized script of the Vietnamese language, Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef, leading to its officialization in the early 20th century. He served in the French colonial regime as a linguist, and also translated many literary works into modern Vietnamese.\n\n", "Q2919419": "Eliyahu Elyashar (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u200e, 10 October 1899 - 30 October 1981) was an Israeli politician and writer.", "Q516390": "Robert George Young (February 22, 1907 \u2013 July 21, 1998) was an American film, television, and radio actor, best known for his leading roles as Jim Anderson, the father character in Father Knows Best (CBS, then NBC, then CBS again), and the physician Marcus Welby in Marcus Welby, M.D. (ABC).", "Q227464": "To New Shores (German: Zu neuen Ufern) is a 1937 German drama film directed by Hans Detlef Sierck (later Douglas Sirk) and starring Zarah Leander, Willy Birgel and Viktor Staal. It was Leander's first film for the German studio UFA, and its success brought her into the front rank of the company's stars. It was shot at the Babelsberg Studio in Berlin.", "Q464712": "Golshifteh Farahani (Persian: \u06af\u0644\u0634\u06cc\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200e, born 10 July 1983) is an Iranian actress and singer. She has appeared in 35 films, many of which have received international recognition. She was nominated for the Most Promising Actress Award for The Patience Stone at the 2014 Cesar Awards in France, and won the Best Actress Award for Boutique from the 26th Nantes Three Continents Festival (France). In recent years, she has had prominent roles in movies by well-known Iranian and international directors, including Asghar Farhadi, Bahman Ghobadi, Rasool Mollagholipoor, Jim Jarmusch, Ridley Scott, Joachim R\u00f8nning and Espen Sandberg.\nShe starred in the drama About Elly, which won Best Picture at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival and a Silver Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival. Due to the questions the film raised about Iranian society, she has not worked in Iran since. She currently resides in France.", "Q71674": "Elmar Peter Brok (born 14 May 1946) is a German politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1980 until 2019, who is best known for his role as chairman of the European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs. He is a member of the CDU, which is part of the European People's Party.\nAn MEP from 1980 until 2019, Brok held many leadership positions in German and European politics. As a member of the Convention on the Constitution for Europe and in the Committee on Constitutional Affairs, Brok is widely credited with contributing crucially to the Constitution of the European Union. He is also a former President of the Union of European Federalists (UEF), recently replaced by Sandro Gozi.", "Q37621": "Thomas Hobbes (; 5 April 1588 \u2013 4 December 1679), in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, was an English philosopher, considered to be one of the founders of modern political philosophy. Hobbes is best known for his 1651 book Leviathan, which expounded an influential formulation of social contract theory. In addition to political philosophy, Hobbes also contributed to a diverse array of other fields, including history, jurisprudence, geometry, the physics of gases, theology, ethics, and general philosophy.", "Q1576675": "John George Trump (August 21, 1907 \u2013 February 21, 1985) was an American electrical engineer, inventor, and physicist. A professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1936 to 1973, he was a recipient of U.S. President Ronald Reagan's National Medal of Science and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. John Trump was noted for developing rotational radiation therapy. Together with Robert J. Van de Graaff, he developed one of the first million-volt X-ray generators. He was the paternal uncle of Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States.", "Q255794": "Mitzi Gaynor (born Francesca Marlene de Czanyi von Gerber; September 4, 1931) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. Her notable films include There's No Business Like Show Business (1954) and South Pacific, the 1958 motion picture adaptation of the stage musical by Rodgers and Hammerstein.", "Q351280": "Ahmed Rashid (Urdu:\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f; born 1948 in Pakistan) is a journalist and best-selling foreign policy author of several books about Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Central Asia.", "Q65601": "Nikolaus Decius (also Degius, Deeg, Tech a Curia, and Nickel von Hof; c. 1485 \u2013 21 March 1541 (others say 1546) was a German monk, hymn-writer, Protestant reformer and composer.\nHe was probably born in Hof in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, around 1485. He studied at the University of Leipzig and obtained a master's degree at Wittenburg University in 1523 and became a monk. Although a monk, he was an advocate of the Protestant Reformation and a disciple of Martin Luther. He was Probst of the cloister at Steterburg from 1519 until July 1522 when he was appointed a master in the St. Katherine and Egidien School in Braunschweig. He wrote in 1523 \"Allein Gott in der H\u00f6h sei Ehr\", a German paraphrase of the Latin Gloria, adapted by Luther in 1525. Decius's version was first sung on Easter Day at Braunschweig on 5 April 1523. Decius's Low German version first appeared in print in Gesang Buch by Joachim Sluter, printed in 1525.In 1526, Decius became preacher at the Church of St. Nicholas in Stettin at the same time as Paulus von Rhode was appointed preacher at St. James's in Stettin. In 1535 he became pastor of St. Nicholas and died there in March 1541 after a suspected poisoning. Shortly before his death he wrote the hymn \"O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig\" (O Lamb of God, innocent) sung on a tune from the 13th century. Decius's version was first published in Anton Cornivus's Christliche Kirchen-Ordnung in 1542. Johann Sebastian Bach used it as a cantus firmus in the opening chorus of his St Matthew Passion. It was translated into English by Arthur Tozer Russell in the 19th century.", "Q106374": "Alexander Valeryevich Khalifman (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d; born 18 January 1966) is a Russian chess grandmaster. He was FIDE World Chess Champion in 1999.", "Q111608": "Henry Augustus Reeves (December 7, 1832 \u2013 March 4, 1916) was a U.S. Representative from New York.\nBorn in Sag Harbor, New York, Reeves attended private schools in Sag Harbor, the Southampton Academy, the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor for three years, and graduated from Union College, Schenectady, New York, in 1852. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar. He edited the Republican Watchman in Greenport from 1858 until his death.\nReeves was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-first Congress (March 4, 1869 \u2013 March 3, 1871). He resumed newspaper interests. He was the supervisor of Southold Town from 1872 to 1894. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Suffolk Co.) in 1887. He served as member of the State commission in lunacy from 1889 to 1897. He died in Greenport, New York on March 4, 1916. He was interred in Southampton Cemetery, Southampton, New York.", "Q213919": "George Edward Foreman (born January 10, 1949) is an American former professional boxer who competed between 1969 and 1997. Nicknamed \"Big George\", he is a two-time world heavyweight champion and an Olympic gold medalist. Outside of boxing, he is also an author and entrepreneur.\nAfter a troubled childhood Foreman took up amateur boxing and won a gold medal in the heavyweight division at the 1968 Summer Olympics. Having turned professional the next year, he won the world heavyweight title with a second-round knockout of then-undefeated Joe Frazier in 1973. Two successful title defenses were made before Foreman's first professional loss to Muhammad Ali in \"The Rumble in the Jungle\" in 1974. Unable to secure another title opportunity, Foreman retired after a loss to Jimmy Young in 1977.\nFollowing what he referred to as a religious epiphany, Foreman became an ordained Christian minister. Ten years later he announced a comeback and, in 1994 at age 45, he regained a portion of the heavyweight championship by knocking out 26-year-old Michael Moorer to win the unified WBA, IBF, and lineal titles. Foreman is the oldest living world heavyweight boxing champion in history, and the second oldest in any weight class after Bernard Hopkins (at light heavyweight). He retired in 1997 at the age of 48, with a final record of 76 wins (68 knockouts) and 5 losses.\nForeman has been inducted into the World Boxing Hall of Fame and International Boxing Hall of Fame. The International Boxing Research Organization rates Foreman as the eighth greatest heavyweight of all time. In 2002, he was named one of the 25 greatest fighters of the past 80 years by The Ring magazine. The Ring ranked him as the ninth greatest puncher of all time. He was a ringside analyst for HBO's boxing coverage for twelve years until 2004. Outside boxing, he is a successful entrepreneur and known for his promotion of the George Foreman Grill, which has sold more than 100 million units worldwide. In 1999, he sold the naming rights to the grill for $138 million.", "Q715635": "Nathaniel Brown Palmer (August 8, 1799 \u2013 June 21, 1877) was an American seal hunter, explorer, sailing captain, and ship designer. He gave his name to Palmer Land, Antarctica, which he explored in 1820 on his sloop Hero. He was born in Stonington, Connecticut, and was a descendant of Walter Palmer, one of the town's founders.\n\n", "Q273035": "Beno\u00eete Groult (January 31, 1920 \u2013 June 20, 2016) was a French journalist, writer, and feminist activist.", "Q73063": "Baron Bernhard August von Lindenau (11 June 1779 \u2013 21 May 1854) was a German lawyer, astronomer, politician, and art collector.\nLindenau was born in Altenburg, the son of Johann August Lindenau, a regional administrator (Landschaftsdirektor). In 1793, Lindeau began studying law and mathematics at Leipzig, and beginning in 1801 he worked at the astronomical observatory in Seeburg. In 1830 he was the Minister of the Interior during a turbulent period in the history of Saxony. Late in the year he oversaw measures to calm violent protests demanding political reform. From 1831 to 1843 he was Minister-President.\nHe created a collection of Italian artwork from the 14th and 15th centuries by Florentine painters in an effort to create artistic awareness. He gave his art collection to the city of Altenburg on the condition that they create a museum to display the pieces. This museum was finished in 1875, and became the Lindenau-Museum.\nLindenau edited the Monatliche Correspondenz zur Bef\u00f6rderung der Erd- und Himmels-Kunde starting in 1807. The Journal was founded by Franz Xaver von Zach in 1800 and existed until 1813.\nIn 1809 he became correspondent of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands, when that became the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1851 he joined as foreign member. Lindenau was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1822.He died in Windischleuba.", "Q2152064": "Henry Algernon du Pont (July 30, 1838 \u2013 December 31, 1926) was an American military officer, businessman, and politician from Delaware. A member of the famed Du Pont family, he graduated first in his class from West Point shortly after the beginning of the American Civil War and served in the U.S. Army, earning the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Cedar Creek in October 1864.\nAfter retiring from the Army in 1875, he was president of the Wilmington and Northern Railroad Company for 20 years, until 1899. An active member of the Republican Party, he was elected by the state legislature as a U.S. Senator from Delaware, serving most of two terms (June 13, 1906 to March 4, 1917).", "Q96951": "Georg Diederichs (2 September 1900, Northeim \u2013 19 June 1983) was a German politician, a member of the SPD, who served as Minister President of Lower Saxony.\nHe was born at Northeim and died in Hanover.", "Q1345782": "Geoffrey Nigel Laurence Rushton (16 February 1962 \u2013 13 November 2004), better known under the pseudonyms John Balance or the later variation Jhonn Balance, was an English musician, occultist, artist and poet. His early work and wide-ranging collaborations made him one of the most influential figures in the industrial, experimental minimalist and neofolk music scenes.\nHe was best-known as a co-founder of the experimental music group Coil, in collaboration with his partner Peter \"Sleazy\" Christopherson. Coil was active from 1982 to Balance's death in 2004. He was responsible for the majority of Coil's vocals, lyrics and chants, along with synthesizers and various other instruments both commonplace and esoteric. \nOutside Coil he collaborated with Cultural Amnesia (at the beginning of the 1980s), Nurse with Wound, Death in June, Psychic TV, Current 93, Chris & Cosey, Thighpaulsandra, and produced several Nine Inch Nails remixes.", "Q907600": "B\u00e9la von Kehrling (Hungarian: Kehrling B\u00e9la [\u02c8ke\u02d0rli\u014b\u0261 \u02c8be\u02d0l\u0252]; 25 January 1891 \u2013 26 April 1937) was a Hungarian tennis, table tennis, and football player but eventually a winter sportsman familiar with ice-hockey and occasionally competing in bobsleigh. He competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics.Just like Fred Perry, he played both tennis and table tennis professionally. In 1926 he played in the first table tennis World Championships final in London with Zolt\u00e1n Mechlovits in doubles but lost to Roland Jacobi (who won the singles title) and D\u00e1niel P\u00e9csi. He was also featured in the Hungarian team that won gold in team competition. Originally he wasn't part of the national team. While the Hungarians unanimously swept all of the medals after Roland Jacobi's singles and doubles success he suddenly been reported of the death of his father thus he decided to travel home. The substitute player was B\u00e9la von Kehrling who had to beat Munio Pillinger of Austria to have the team medal as well. He did so and completed the flawless victory for Hungary. In the end he took two medals in the table tennis world championships, one gold and one silver.\nIn 1924 he won the German Tennis Championships (now called German Open Hamburg). The following year he was back in the finals but then lost against Otto Froitzheim. The same year he won Hungarian Tennis Championships (which he did 13 times altogether counting only the singles). In July 1933 Von Kehrling won the doubles and mixed doubles title at the Dutch Championships.Z\u00fcricher Sport newspaper ranked Kehrling as No. 10 in the European Top 10 rankings in 1931.In conjunction with his sports activity he was the vice-president of the Hungarian Tennis Association and the editor-in-chief of its official magazine the bimonthly Tennisz \u00e9s Golf (Tennis and Golf).\n\n", "Q941655": "Jorge Enrique Adoum \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0648\u0645 (June 29, 1926 in Ambato \u2013 July 3,\n2009 in Quito) was an Ecuadorian writer, poet, politician, and diplomat. He was one of the major exponents of Latin American poetry. His work received such prestigious awards as the first Casa de las Am\u00e9ricas Prize in Cuba, the most important honor in Latin American letters. Though hailed by Nobel Prize winner Pablo Neruda as the best poet of his generation in Latin America, Adoum\u2019s work is unknown in the English-speaking world.", "Q735283": "Sergio Romano (born 7 July 1929) is an Italian writer, journalist, and historian. He is a columnist for the newspaper Corriere della Sera. Romano is also a former Italian ambassador to Moscow.\n\n", "Q63516": "Mr. Fix It is a 2006 American romantic comedy film starring David Boreanaz. It was directed by Darin Ferriola,\nThe former working titles were Deception and Boyfriend Girlfriend Relationship, while the former main title was The Perfect Lie.", "Q2903327": "William F. Rasmussen, also known as Bill Rasmussen (born 1932) is an American sports director, and one of the founders of ESPN, along with Scott Rasmussen and Ed Egan. Rasmussen served as the first president and CEO of ESPN. ESPN was founded on July 14, 1978, and was launched on September 7, 1979.", "Q262886": "Rijk de Gooyer (17 December 1925 \u2013 2 November 2011) was a Dutch Golden Calf- winning actor, writer, comedian and singer. From the 1950s until the early 1970s, he became well known in The Netherlands as part of a comic duo with John Kraaijkamp, Sr. In the United States best known for having small roles in films such as Nosferatu: Phantom der Nacht, Soldaat van Oranje, A Time to Die and The Wilby conspiracy.", "Q140447": "T\u0159i o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ky pro Popelku (German: Drei Haseln\u00fcsse f\u00fcr Aschenbr\u00f6del), also known as Three Wishes for Cinderella and broadcast in the UK under the title Three Gifts for Cinderella) is a Czechoslovak/East German fairy-tale film from 1973.\nIt was directed by V\u00e1clav Vorl\u00ed\u010dek in co-production between DEFA-Studio f\u00fcr Spielfilme and Barrandov Studios. The story was based on a fairy tale written by Bo\u017eena N\u011bmcov\u00e1 (a Bohemian variation of the classic Cinderella fairytale).\nThe film had its international premiere in East Berlin in 1973 and is until today a popular Christmas holiday film in many European countries.", "Q265131": "Elizabeth \"Lee\" Miller, Lady Penrose (April 23, 1907 \u2013 July 21, 1977), was an American photographer and photojournalist. She was a fashion model in New York City in the 1920s before going to Paris, where she became a fashion and fine art photographer. During the Second World War, she was a war correspondent for Vogue, covering events such as the London Blitz, the liberation of Paris, and the concentration camps at Buchenwald and Dachau.\n\n", "Q106412": "Gerhard Polt (born May 7, 1942 in Munich) is a German writer, filmmaker, actor and satirical cabaret artist from Bavaria.Gerhard Polt's main topics are Bavarian people, culture and politics. On stage he often plays the role of an ignorant Bavarian petty bourgeoisie. One of his trademarks is the constant switching and the combining of \nBavarian, Standard German and even (pseudo-) Englisch language elements (albeit always performed with strongly Bavarian pronunciation and melody), where a lot of jokes and wordplays derive from.\nHis performances in Munich theaters, which he started in 1976, are very popular. In 1979 he became known to a wider audience in Germany as a result of his television comedy series Fast wia im richtigen Leben (Almost like in real life). In the following years, he was writer and actor in the movies Kehraus (1983), Man spricht deutsh [sic] (1987), Germanikus (2004), and writer and director of Herr Ober! (1992).\nHe's one of the most regarded and highest decorated German cabaret artists.", "Q1188990": "Transavia Airlines S.A.S., trading as Transavia France and formerly branded as transavia.com France, is a French low-cost airline owned by Air France S.A. & Transavia Airlines C.V. based at Paris-Orly Airport. It shares its corporate design, website and operating model with its Dutch sister company, Transavia.", "Q339896": "Ajith Kumar (born 1 May 1971), often mononymously called Ajith, is an Indian film actor who works predominantly in Tamil cinema. To date, Ajith has starred in over 50 films. In addition to his acting, he is also a motor car racer and participated in the MRF Racing series (2010).\nHe began his career with a small role in the 1990 Tamil film En Veedu En Kanavar. Singer S. P. Balasubrahmanyam introduced Ajith to Tamil film industry by referring him to play lead role in Amaravathi (1993). Then, Ajith starred in film Prema Pusthakam (1993), and his first critical acclaimed appearance was in the thriller Aasai (1995). He subsequently established himself as a romantic hero with Kadhal Kottai (1996), Aval Varuvala (1998) and Kadhal Mannan (1998). Successful films such as Vaali (1999), Mugavaree (2000), Kandukondain Kandukondain (2000) and Citizen (2001) followed. He established himself as an action hero starting with film Amarkalam (1999), in which he co-starred with his future wife, Shalini.\nOn 29 April 2011, Ajith dismantled all his fan clubs in Tamil Nadu as his fan club members were not adhering to his requests due to lack of unity and political aspirations among them.", "Q280803": "Calvin Chen (Chinese:\u8fb0\u4ea6\u5112|w=Chen I-Ju|p=Ch\u00e9n Y\u00ecr\u00fa) is a Taiwanese actor, businessman, model, singer, and television host. He was a member of the Taiwanese boy band Fahrenheit, along with Jiro Wang, Wu Chun and Aaron Yan. His stage name is a homophone of his birth name.\n\n", "Q7418236": "Not to be confused with the Tombs of the Sanhedrin.Sanhedria Cemetery (Hebrew: \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05df \u05e1\u05e0\u05d4\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4\u200e) is a 27-dunam (6.67-acre) Jewish burial ground in the Sanhedria neighborhood of Jerusalem, adjacent to the intersection of Levi Eshkol Boulevard, Shmuel HaNavi Street, and Bar-Ilan Street. Unlike the Mount of Olives and Har HaMenuchot cemeteries that are located on the outer edges of the city, Sanhedria Cemetery is situated in the heart of western Jerusalem, in proximity to residential housing. It is operated under the jurisdiction of the Kehilat Yerushalayim chevra kadisha (burial society) and accepts Jews from all religious communities. As of the 2000s, the cemetery is nearly filled to capacity.", "Q233377": "Amerie Mi Marie Rogers (born January 12, 1980), is an American singer, songwriter, author, actress and model. Born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts and raised in the Washington metropolitan area, Amerie gained an appreciation of the classical arts from her mother Mi Suk Rogers and of music from her father Charles Rogers she studied dance from an early age and performed in talent contests. After her High School graduation, her family settled down in Virginia while she began to attend Georgetown University, from which she later graduated with a degree in English and Fine Arts. While living in Washington, D.C., she met producer Rich Harrison, through a friend and later on they eventually met at a nearby McDonald's parking lot after they've exchanged interests. they sat in his car and he started playing some of his work to Amerie and she started to sing some songs that she had written. Amerie began developing demos with Rich that led her to a deal with Rise Entertainment and, in turn, major-label Columbia Records.\nIn 2003, she helped develop the BET original series The Center, which she also hosted and, during her run as host, accumulated the highest ratings ever for any show in its time slot. Amerie's time on the series was short-lived due to her landing a starring role in the 2004 film First Daughter.In 2005, Amerie released her sophomore album Touch, debuting at number #5 on the US Billboard 200 charts and later receiving 2 Grammy nominations for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for her signature song 1 Thing (which peaked at number #8 on Billboard Hot 100) as well as Best Contemporary R&B Album. \nIn 2007, Amerie released her third album Because I Love It, achieved moderate international success in 2007, although it was not released in North America and she was subsequently bought out of her Sony contract by LA Reid Columbia Records' roster. Amerie released her fourth studio album, In Love & War, in 2009 on Island Def Jam.On May 20, 2016, Amerie independently released an EP, titled Drive. She appeared on Power 105.1's The Breakfast Club and announced she would continue to release music throughout the year. On July 17, 2017, Amerie published her first book via Bloomsbury Publishing titled Because You Love To Hate Me which made it into The New York Times Best Seller list.October 2018 saw the release of the double album, 4AM Mulholland and After 4AM, Amerie's first full-length release in 9 years.", "Q4679320": "Adam Keir Rodger (1855\u20131946) was Coalition Liberal MP for Rutherglen from 1918 to 1922. At the age of 27 he started the Scottish Temperance Assurance Society Limited. The business was launched due to Rodger's faith in temperance. The company nearly went bankrupt when its first policy holder died requiring a payment of \u00a31000. The company later sold a policy to David Lloyd George and is now credited to launching the assurance business in Scotland.", "Q722927": "Kenneth Campbell Stott (born 19 October 1954) is a Scottish stage, television and film actor who won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in 1995 in the play Broken Glass at Royal National Theatre. He is more recently known for his role as the dwarf Balin in The Hobbit film trilogy (2012\u20132014), and as Ian Garrett in the 2014 BBC TV mini-series The Missing starring alongside James Nesbitt. \nHis many notable roles in UK television include the role of Edward 'Eddie' McKenna in the Scottish BBC miniseries Takin' Over The Asylum (1994) co-starring with a young David Tennant, the title character DI John Rebus in the crime fiction-mystery series Rebus (2000\u20132007) and also as DCI Red Metcalfe in Messiah (2001\u20132005).", "Q65167": "Andiast ([an\u02c8d\u026a\u032fa\u0283t] ) is a former municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. Until 1943, it was known as Andest.Lying close to the ski resorts of Waltensburg/Vuorz and Breil/Brigels, Andiast is known for its winter sports.\nOn 1 January 2018 the former municipalities of Andiast and Waltensburg/Vuorz merged into the municipality of Breil/Brigels.", "Q7809": "The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; French: Organisation des Nations unies pour l'\u00e9ducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at contributing \"to the building of peace, the eradication of poverty, sustainable development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information. It is the successor of the League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation.UNESCO has 193 member states and 11 associate members. Based in Paris, France, most of its field offices are \"cluster\" offices that cover three or more countries; national and regional offices also exist.\nUNESCO seeks to build a culture of peace and inclusive knowledge societies through information and communication. To that end, it pursues its objectives through five major program areas: education, natural sciences, social/human sciences, culture and communication/information. It sponsors projects related to literacy, technical training, education, the advancement of science, promoting independent media and freedom of the press, preserving regional and cultural history, and promoting cultural diversity. UNESCO assists in translating and disseminating world literature, establishing international cooperation agreements to secure \"World Heritage Sites\" of cultural and natural importance, preserving human rights, and bridging the worldwide digital divide. It also launched and leads the Education For All movement and lifelong learning.\nUNESCO is a member of the United Nations Development Group, a coalition of UN agencies and organizations aimed at fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals.", "Q1579220": "Kasper T. Toeplitz is a French composer and musician of Polish origin, born in 1960. He lives in Paris.", "Q511399": "Leopold Trepper (February 23, 1904 \u2013 January 19, 1982) was a Polish Communist, agent of the Red Army Intelligence, with the code name of Otto and had been working with them since 1930. He was the technical director of intelligence agency in western Europe and was responsible for recruiting agents and creating espionage networks. He was also a resistance fighter and journalist of Jewish descent. Trepper was an experienced intelligence officer, an extremely resourceful and capable man who was completely at home in the west, a man who could not be drawn in conversation, who lived a concealed life and whose special talent was a keen judge of people that enabled him to penetrate significant groups with ease. By the start of World War II, Trepper controlled a large espionage network in Belgium and seven espionage networks in France.", "Q279518": "Salomon Isacovici (1924 in Sighetu Marma\u0163iei, Romania \u2013 1998) was a Jewish Holocaust survivor who became a writer and businessman in Ecuador. Born in Romania, he moved to Ecuador following World War II, and co-authored with Juan Manuel Rodriguez the book Man of Ashes.", "Q71112": "Annette Kolb (born February 3, 1870 in Munich; died December 3, 1967 in Munich) was the working name of German author and pacifist Anna Mathilde Kolb. She became active in pacifist causes during World War I and this caused her political difficulties from then on. She left Germany in the 1920s and her works were banned during the Third Reich. She wrote novels on high society and in later life wrote nonfiction about musicians. In 1955 she won the Goethe Prize.", "Q78888": "Elissa Landi (born Elisabeth Marie Christine K\u00fchnelt, December 6, 1904 \u2013 October 21, 1948) was an Italian-born Austrian-American actress and novelist who was popular as a performer in Hollywood films of the 1920s and 1930s. She was noted for her alleged aristocratic bearing.", "Q241087": "Alda Merini (Milan, 21 March 1931 \u2013 Milan, 1 November 2009) was an Italian writer and poet. Her work earned the attention and the admiration of other Italian writers, such as Giorgio Manganelli, Salvatore Quasimodo and Pier Paolo Pasolini.\nMerini's writing style has been described as intense, passionate and mystic, and it is influenced by Rainer Maria Rilke. Some of her most dramatic poems concern her time in a mental health institution (from 1964 to 1970). Her 1986 poem The Other Truth. Diary of a Misfit (L'altra verit\u00e0. Diario di una diversa) is considered one of her masterpieces.\nIn 1996 she was nominated by the Acad\u00e9mie Fran\u00e7aise as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature. In 2002 she was made Dame of the Republic. In 2007 she won the Elsa Morante Ragazzi Award with Alda e Io \u2013 Favole (Alda and Me: Fairytales), a poem written in cooperation with the fable author Sabatino Scia. In the same year she received an honorary degree in Theory of Communication and Languages at the University of Messina. At the time of her death, President of the Italian Republic Giorgio Napolitano described her as an \"inspired and limpid poetic voice.\"", "Q30628": "Tera Patrick (born Linda Ann Hopkins July 25, 1976) is an American former pornographic actress and model who is the Penthouse Pet of the Month for February 2000 and is an inductee for the NightMoves, AVN and XRCO Halls of Fame.", "Q271144": "Rachel Giana Fox (born July 23, 1996) is an American actress, voice actress and singer best known for playing Kayla Huntington in the ABC television series Desperate Housewives.", "Q333405": "Pierino Ronald \"Perry\" Como (; May 18, 1912 \u2013 May 12, 2001) was an American singer, actor and television personality. During a career spanning more than half a century he recorded exclusively for RCA Victor for 44 years, after signing with the label in 1943. \"Mr. C.\", as he was nicknamed, sold millions of records and pioneered a weekly musical variety television show. His weekly television shows and seasonal specials were broadcast throughout the world. In the official RCA Records Billboard magazine memorial, his life was summed up in these few words: \"50 years of music and a life well lived. An example to all.\"Como received five Emmys from 1955 to 1959, a Christopher Award (1956) and shared a Peabody Award with good friend Jackie Gleason in 1956. He was inducted into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame in 1990 and received a Kennedy Center Honor in 1987. Posthumously, Como received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2002; he was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2006. He has the distinction of having three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in radio, television, and music.", "Q3110618": "Gonzalo Garc\u00eda N\u00fa\u00f1ez (born February 16, 1947) is a Peruvian industrial engineer from the Peruvian University of Ingenieria, Lima 1968, Graduate of the French center of economics programs CEPE, Phd. in economics from Grenoble University, he is a professor, banker, entrepreneur, economist and politician. Full Professor of Macroeconomics and industrial organisation of the Peruvian University of Engineering, he was elected General Secretary, President of the chapter of industrial and economics engineers, President of the Society of Professors of the University of engineering, secretary and chairman of the faculty of systems engineers and President of the national engineer institution of Peru, the Colegio de Ingenieros del Peru. With the Izquierda Unida party in 1983 he was elected counsellor of the Mayor of Lima, reelected in 1986 and he was candidate to the high chamber of representatives in 1990, by Izquierda Socialista. He was an opponent of former President Alberto Fujimori in the Foro Democratico ngo. He was elected Central Bank director by an absolute majority of the Peruvian congress in 2001. Member of \"Justice and Liberty\" he was invited by Ollanta Humala, the candidate of the Peruvian Nationalist Party and he ran as Ollanta Humala's first Vice President during the 2006 national election on the coalition between Union for PeruPeruvian Nationalist Party. The ticket won in the first round of voting with 31 per cent of the total vote but lost in the second round (47.6%). Gonzalo Garcia was responsible of the large team of government planning of the ticket, editor of the plan named The Great Transformation, in honour of Karl Polanyi, and native name Llapanckik in Quechua.Garc\u00eda was formerly a member of the board of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru. In this period the inflation was 2 per cent average between 2001 and 2006, the exchange rate was very stable and the international reserves growth at the high level of the economic history of Peru. The board approved the inflation targeting rule in December 2001, proposed by experts of the bank, and ran the monetary policy with a very complex model of mathematical prevision and forecasts during the recent five years. He also served in the UN system and he is the author of the vision of Peruvian marginalized people and The Net of production system of Villa El Salvador, a shanty town of Lima. Since 1982 he has written editorials for La Republica, one of Peru's greatest newspapers. In November 2006, invited by Ollanta and his allies, Gonzalo Garc\u00eda was a candidate only of the Ollanta party and could not be elected mayor of Lima.", "Q2971": "Paderborn (German pronunciation: [pa\u02d0d\u0250\u02c8b\u0254\u0281n] (listen)) is a city in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the Paderborn district. The name of the city derives from the river Pader and \"born\", an old German term for the source of a river. The river Pader originates in more than 200 springs near Paderborn Cathedral, where St. Liborius is buried.", "Q1072828": "Kioon Music (\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30f3\u30df\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30c3\u30af, Ky\u016bn My\u016bjikku, stylized as Ki/oon Music) is a Japanese record label, a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan.", "Q1066875": "Charlie Creed-Miles (born 24 March 1972) is an English actor and musician.Creed-Miles was born in Nottingham, and had his first starring screen role, aged 21, in The Punk (1993). His relationship with actress Samantha Morton (with whom he co-starred in The Last Yellow) produced a daughter, Esme Creed-Miles, born in 2000.", "Q316685": "Michael Ryan Flatley (born July 16, 1958) is an Irish-American former dancer, choreographer, and musician. He became internationally known for Irish dance shows Riverdance, Lord of the Dance, Feet of Flames, and Celtic Tiger Live. Flatley's shows have played to more than 60 million people in 60 countries and have grossed more than $1 billion.Flatley is credited with reinventing traditional Irish dance by incorporating new rhythms, syncopation, and upper body movements, which were previously absent from the dance. He is in the Guinness World Records for tap dancing 35 times per second and his feet were at one time insured for $57.6 million. Flatley retired in 2016 due to constant spinal, knee, foot, and rib pain.", "Q192529": "Andr\u00e9s Segovia Torres, 1st Marquis of Salobre\u00f1a (21 February 1893 \u2013 2 June 1987), known as Andr\u00e9s Segovia, was a virtuoso Spanish classical guitarist from Linares, Spain. Many professional classical guitarists today were students of Segovia, or students of his students. Segovia's contribution to the modern-romantic repertoire not only included commissions but also his own transcriptions of classical or baroque works. He is remembered for his expressive performances: his wide palette of tone, and his distinctive musical personality, phrasing and style.", "Q705368": "The Rikken Seiy\u016bkai (\u7acb\u61b2\u653f\u53cb\u4f1a, Constitutional Association of Political Friendship) was one of the main political parties in the pre-war Empire of Japan. It was also known simply as the \"Seiy\u016bkai\".\nFounded on September 15, 1900, by It\u014d Hirobumi, the Seiy\u016bkai was a pro-government alliance of bureaucrats and former members of the Kenseit\u014d. The Seiy\u016bkai was the most powerful political party in the Lower House of the Diet of Japan from 1900 to 1921, and it promoted big government and large-scale public spending. Though labeled \"liberal\" by its own members, it was generally conservative by modern definitions. It often opposed social reforms and it supported bureaucratic control and militarism for the purpose of winning votes. It viewed the Rikken Minseit\u014d as its main rival.\nThe Seiy\u016bkai came into power in October 1900 under the 4th It\u014d administration. Under its second leader, Saionji Kinmochi, it participated in the Movement to Protect Constitutional Government from 1912 to 1913. It was the ruling party under the Prime Minister Yamamoto Gonnohy\u014de from 1913 to 1914. Cabinet minister (and later 4th party president) Takahashi Korekiyo helped reinforce its ties with the zaibatsu, especially the Mitsui financial interests.\nThe 3rd party president, Hara Takashi, became Prime Minister in September 1918, and assigned every cabinet post except for the Army Minister, Navy Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs to members of the Seiy\u016bkai. In the 1920, the party reached the peak of its popularity.\nAfter Hara's assassination in 1921, a large block of party members defected to form the Seiy\u016bhont\u014d in the 1924 General Election; however, the Seiy\u016bkai retained enough seats to dominate the cabinet of its 5th party president, General Tanaka Giichi from 1927 to 1929.\nWhile in the opposition during the Minseit\u014d-dominated cabinet of Prime Minister Hamaguchi Osachi, the Seiy\u016bkai attacked the ratification of the London Naval Treaty of 1930 as against Article 11 of the Meiji Constitution, which stipulated the independence of the military from civilian control.\nAfter winning the 1932 General Election under Inukai Tsuyoshi, Seiy\u016bkai formed a cabinet, floated the yen and conducted policies to revive the economy. However, after Inukai\u2019s assassination in the May 15 Incident of 1932, factionism within the party limited its effectiveness.\nIn 1940 it voted to dissolve itself into the Imperial Rule Assistance Association as part of Fumimaro Konoe's efforts to create a one-party state, and thereafter ceased to exist.\nIchir\u014d Hatoyama, who had been a Seiy\u016bkai member of the House of Representatives, led some former party members into the 1945 Liberal Party.", "Q533676": "Laufenburg District is a district of the canton of Aargau, Switzerland, essentially consisting of the upper Fricktal valley in the Aargau Jura south of the Rhine. Its capital is the town of Laufenburg. It has a population of 32,552 (as of 31 December 2018).", "Q214938": "Gyula (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8\u025ful\u0252] (listen), German: Jula, Romanian: Jula or Giula, Turkish: G\u00f6le) is a town in B\u00e9k\u00e9s County, Hungary. The town is best known for its Medieval castle and a thermal bath. Ferenc Erkel, the composer of the Hungarian national anthem, and Albrecht D\u00fcrer the Elder, the father of Albrecht D\u00fcrer, also were born in Gyula.", "Q336555": "James William McCutcheon (May 23, 1924 \u2013 January 9, 2002) was an American character actor known for his roles in film, television, and theatre, several of which won him Emmy and Tony awards.\n\n", "Q554835": "Leeroy Thornhill (born 8 October 1968) is a British electronic music artist and formerly a rave dancer and occasionally keyboardist for the British electronic group the Prodigy. Thornhill's live performances throughout the 90s included his unique style of shuffling.\nHe has also recorded under the names Longman and Flightcrank.", "Q733802": "Jamel Irief (born Elgin Turner; August 18, 1969), better known by his stage name Masta Killa, is an American rapper and member of the Wu-Tang Clan. Though one of the lesser-known members of the group (he was featured on only one track on their 1993 debut album Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)), he has been prolific on Clan group albums and solo projects since the mid-1990s. He released his debut album No Said Date in 2004 to positive reviews, and has since released three additional albums.", "Q107724": "Thunderball is a 1965 spy film and the fourth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, starring Sean Connery as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It is an adaptation of the 1961 novel of the same name by Ian Fleming, which in turn was based on an original story by Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham, and Fleming. It was the third and final Bond film to be directed by Terence Young, with its screenplay by Richard Maibaum and John Hopkins. The movie would have been the first of the Bond series if not for legal disputes over copyright issues.The film follows Bond's mission to find two NATO atomic bombs stolen by SPECTRE, which holds the world to ransom for \u00a3100 million in diamonds, in exchange for not destroying an unspecified major city in either the United Kingdom or the United States (later revealed to be Miami). The search leads Bond to the Bahamas, where he encounters Emilio Largo, the card-playing, eye patch-wearing SPECTRE Number Two. Backed by CIA agent Felix Leiter and Largo's mistress, Domino Derval, Bond's search culminates in an underwater battle with Largo's henchmen. The film had a complex production, with four different units and about a quarter of the film consisting of underwater scenes. Thunderball was the first Bond film shot in widescreen Panavision and the first to have a running time of over two hours.\nThunderball was associated with a legal dispute in 1961 when former Ian Fleming collaborators McClory and Whittingham sued him shortly after the 1961 publication of the novel, claiming he based it upon the screenplay the trio had written in a failed cinematic translation of James Bond. The lawsuit was settled out of court and Bond film series producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman, fearing a rival McClory film, allowed him to retain certain screen rights to the novel's story, plot, and characters, and for McClory to receive sole producer credit on this film; Broccoli and Saltzman instead served as executive producers.The film was a success, earning a total of $141.2 million worldwide, exceeding the earnings of the three previous Bond films. In 1966, John Stears won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects and production designer Ken Adam was also nominated for a BAFTA award. Thunderball is the most financially successful film of the series in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation. Some critics and viewers showered praise on the film and branded it a welcome addition to the series, while others found the aquatic action repetitious and the film's length excessive. In 1983, Warner Bros. released a second film adaptation of the novel under the title Never Say Never Again, with McClory as executive producer.", "Q1266601": "Luka Ni\u017eeti\u0107 (born 12 August 1983) is a Croatian singer. His debut album Premijera was recorded in 2006. He is best known for his hits \"Ponekad po\u017eelim\" (Sometimes I wish) and \"Prolje\u0107e\" (Springtime).\n\n", "Q658709": "Sanjay Kumar Jha (born 1967) is an Indian American business executive. He is the former chief executive officer (CEO) of GlobalFoundries and former chairman and CEO of Motorola Mobility. Prior to that, he was the chief operating officer of Qualcomm.\n\n", "Q91970": "Berthold Wulf (July 2, 1926 \u2013 June 11, 2012) was a German priest, poet and philosopher.", "Q234430": "Freema Agyeman (; born Frema Agyeman; 20 March 1979) is an English actress who is known for playing Martha Jones in the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who and its spin-off series Torchwood, Amanita Caplan in the Netflix science fiction drama Sense8, and Dr. Helen Sharpe in the NBC medical procedural series New Amsterdam.\nFollowing her departure from Doctor Who and a role in the BBC series Little Dorrit, Agyeman held a starring role as Alesha Phillips in the crime procedural drama Law & Order: UK between 2009 and 2012. In 2013, she made her US television debut on The CW's teen drama The Carrie Diaries as Larissa Loughlin, a style editor at Interview magazine. Other television appearances include Old Jack's Boat, Silent Witness, and Survivors. Agyeman also appeared as Penny in the 2015 film North v South.", "Q1386939": "Jean-Baptiste Andr\u00e9 Godin (26 January 1817 \u2013 15 January 1888) was a French industrialist, writer and political theorist, and social innovator. A manufacturer of cast-iron stoves and influenced by Charles Fourier, he developed and built an industrial and residential community within Guise called the Familist\u00e8re de Guise (Social Palace). He ultimately converted it to cooperative ownership and management by workers.", "Q193637": "Scotty Maurice Pippen (born September 25, 1965), commonly spelled Scottie Pippen, is an American former professional basketball player. He played 17 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), winning six NBA championships with the Chicago Bulls. Pippen, along with Michael Jordan, played an important role in transforming the Bulls into a championship team and in popularizing the NBA around the world during the 1990s.Considered one of the greatest small forwards of all time, Pippen was named to the NBA All-Defensive First Team eight consecutive times and the All-NBA First Team three times. He was a seven-time NBA All-Star and was the NBA All-Star Game MVP in 1994. He was named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History during the 1996\u201397 season, and is one of four players to have his jersey retired by the Chicago Bulls (the others being Jerry Sloan, Bob Love, and Michael Jordan). He played a main role on both the 1992 Chicago Bulls Championship team and the 1996 Chicago Bulls Championship team which were selected as two of the Top 10 Teams in NBA History. His biography on the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame's website states, \"The multidimensional Pippen ran the court like a point guard, attacked the boards like a power forward, and swished the nets like a shooting guard.\" During his 17-year career, he played 12 seasons with the Bulls, one with the Houston Rockets and four with the Portland Trail Blazers, making the postseason sixteen straight times.\nPippen is the only NBA player to have won an NBA title and Olympic gold medal in the same year twice (1992, 1996). He was a part of the 1992 U.S. Olympic \"Dream Team\" which beat its opponents by an average of 44 points. Pippen was also a key figure in the 1996 Olympic team, alongside former Dream Team members Karl Malone, John Stockton, Charles Barkley and David Robinson as well as newer faces such as Anfernee \"Penny\" Hardaway and Grant Hill. He wore number 8 during both years.\nPippen is a two-time inductee into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (for his individual career, and as a member of the \"Dream Team\"), having been inducted for both on August 13, 2010. On December 8, 2005, the Chicago Bulls retired his number #33, while his college, University of Central Arkansas, retired his number #33 on January 21, 2010, as well.", "Q43836": "The Bartered Bride (German: Die verkaufte Braut) is a 1932 German musical comedy film directed by Max Oph\u00fcls and starring Jarmila Novotn\u00e1, Otto Wernicke, and Karl Valentin. It is based on the comic opera of the same name by Czech composer Bed\u0159ich Smetana.\nIt was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. The film's sets were designed by the art director Erwin Scharf.", "Q586973": "Roberto Villetti (24 August 1944 \u2013 14 September 2019) was an Italian politician.A long-time member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), he was vice-secretary of the Italian Socialists (SI) from 1994 to 1998. Since 1998 he is vice-secretary of the Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI).\nHe was deputy from 1996 to 2008; from 2006 to 2008 he was leader of the Rose in the Fist group in the Italian Chamber of Deputies.", "Q57843": "Ivica Da\u010di\u0107 (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0418\u0432\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0414\u0430\u0447\u0438\u045b, pronounced [\u00ee\u028bit\u0361sa d\u00e2t\u0361\u0283it\u0361\u0255]; born 1 January 1966) is a Serbian politician who has been the Minister of Foreign Affairs since April 2014. He is the leader of the Socialist Party of Serbia.\nFrom 2008 to April 2014, he served as Minister of Internal Affairs, while concurrently also serving as Prime Minister of Serbia for part of that tenure, from July 2012 until 2014. He also served as Acting Prime Minister of Serbia from 31 May 2017 until 29 June 2017, after the incumbent Prime Minister, Aleksandar Vu\u010di\u0107, was sworn in as President of Serbia. He was succeeded in office by Ana Brnabi\u0107 on 29 June 2017. \nDa\u010di\u0107 graduated from the University of Belgrade in 1989 and joined the Socialist Party in 1991. He quickly rose up the ranks of the party, becoming its spokesman in 1992, under his mentor, Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107, President of Serbia and FR Yugoslavia.Following the overthrow of Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107, Da\u010di\u0107 became a member of the main board, and became party leader in 2006. Like his predecessor Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107, he is regarded as a pragmatic leader willing to change views based on circumstance and has worked to reform the party. The Socialist Party of Serbia is currently in a coalition with the conservative populist Serbian Progressive Party (SNS). Commentators describe his political positions as nationalist.After the government the DS-led coalition and Da\u010di\u0107's party reached an EU candidate status, during his government run in coalition with SNS, the European Union started formal negotiations for the accession of Serbia and he signed the Brussels Agreement on the normalization of relations of governments of Serbia and Kosovo.\n\n", "Q859998": "Coltemonikha (stylized as \"COLTEMONIKHA\" or \"COLTEM\u00d6NIKHA\") was a Japanese electronica duo consisting of record producer Yasutaka Nakata and model and fashion designer Kate Sakai.The group formed as a project uniting music and fashion. They produced two mini-albums which were made to complement Sakai's fashion line \"Made in Colkinikha\" and one compilation album. Their name was a portmanteau of \"Colkinikha\" and \"contemode\".", "Q248935": "Stefan W\u0142adys\u0142aw Bry\u0142a (born 17 August 1886 in Krak\u00f3w \u2013 3 December 1943 in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish construction engineer and welding pioneer. He designed and built the first welded road bridge in the world.\n\n", "Q11816": "John Quincy Adams ( (listen); July 11, 1767 \u2013 February 23, 1848) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, and diarist who served as the sixth president of the United States from 1825 to 1829. He previously served as the eighth United States Secretary of State from 1817 to 1825. During his long diplomatic and political career, Adams also served as an ambassador, and as a member of the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives representing Massachusetts. He was the eldest son of John Adams, who served as the second US president from 1797 to 1801, and First Lady Abigail Adams. Initially a Federalist like his father, he won election to the presidency as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party, and in the mid-1830s became affiliated with the Whig Party.\nBorn in what is now Quincy, Massachusetts (then part of the town of Braintree), Adams spent much of his youth in Europe, where his father served as a diplomat. After returning to the United States, Adams established a successful legal practice in Boston. In 1794, President George Washington appointed Adams as the U.S. ambassador to the Netherlands, and Adams would serve in high-ranking diplomatic posts until 1801, when Thomas Jefferson took office as president. Federalist leaders in Massachusetts arranged for Adams's election to the United States Senate in 1802, but Adams broke with the Federalist Party over foreign policy and was denied re-election. In 1809, Adams was appointed as the U.S. ambassador to Russia by President James Madison, a member of the Democratic-Republican Party. Adams held diplomatic posts for the duration of Madison's presidency, and he served as part of the American delegation that negotiated an end to the War of 1812. In 1817, newly-elected President James Monroe selected Adams as his Secretary of State. In that role, Adams negotiated the Adams\u2013On\u00eds Treaty, which provided for the American acquisition of Florida. He also helped formulate the Monroe Doctrine, which became a key tenet of U.S. foreign policy.\nThe 1824 presidential election was contested by Adams, Andrew Jackson, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay, all of whom were members of the Democratic-Republican Party. As no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote, the House of Representatives held a contingent election to determine the president, and Adams won that contingent election with the support of Clay. As president, Adams called for an ambitious agenda that included federally-funded infrastructure projects, the establishment of a national university, and engagement with the countries of Latin America, but many of his initiatives were defeated in Congress. During Adams's presidency, the Democratic-Republican Party polarized into two major camps: one group, known as the National Republican Party, supported President Adams, while the other group, known as the Democratic Party, was led by Andrew Jackson. The Democrats proved to be more effective political organizers than Adams and his National Republican supporters, and Jackson decisively defeated Adams in the 1828 presidential election.\nRather than retiring from public service, Adams won election to the House of Representatives, where he would serve from 1831 to his death in 1848. He joined the Anti-Masonic Party in the early 1830s before becoming a member of the Whig Party, which united those opposed to President Jackson. During his time in Congress, Adams became increasingly critical of slavery and of the Southern leaders whom he believed controlled the Democratic Party. He was particularly opposed to the annexation of Texas and the Mexican\u2013American War, which he saw as a war to extend slavery. He also led the repeal of the \"gag rule\", which had prevented the House of Representatives from debating petitions to abolish slavery. Historians generally concur that Adams was one of the greatest diplomats and secretaries of state in American history. They typically rank him as a mediocre president who had an ambitious agenda but could not get it passed by Congress.", "Q66446": "Wyssachen is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the Swiss canton of Bern.", "Q653884": "Hispanic America (Spanish: Hispanoam\u00e9rica or Am\u00e9rica Hispana), also known as Spanish America (Spanish: Am\u00e9rica espa\u00f1ola), is the portion of the Americas comprising the Spanish-speaking countries of the continents of North and South America.These countries and Spain have significant commonalities with one another as all were part of the same state and the society it created. In all of these countries, Spanish is the main language, sometimes sharing official status with one or more indigenous languages (such as Guaran\u00ed, Quechua, Aymara, or Mayan), or English (in Puerto Rico) and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion.Hispanic America is sometimes grouped together with Brazil under the term \"Ibero-America\", meaning those countries in the Americas with cultural roots in the Iberian Peninsula. Hispanic America also contrasts with Latin America, which includes not only Hispanic America, but also Brazil (the former Portuguese America, several colonies and dependencies of Portuguese Empire of Portugal across center-east, northern, northeastern and southeastern South America that came together to form the independent Brazil in the 19th century), as well as the former French colonies in the Western Hemisphere (areas that are now in either the United States of America or Canada are usually excluded).", "Q463733": "The Champ is a 1931 American pre-Code film starring Wallace Beery and Jackie Cooper and directed by King Vidor from a screenplay by Frances Marion, Leonard Praskins and Wanda Tuchock. The picture tells the story of a washed-up alcoholic boxer (Beery) attempting to put his life back together for the sake of his young son (Cooper).\nBeery won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance (sharing the prize with Fredric March for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde), Frances Marion won the Academy Award for Best Story, and the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and Best Director. In February 2020, the film was shown at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival, as part of a retrospective dedicated to King Vidor's career.", "Q67980": "Emil Max H\u00f6del (27 May 1857 \u2013 16 August 1878) was a plumber from Leipzig, Germany and a propaganda of the deed anarchist, who became known for a failed assassination. A former member of the Leipzig Social-Democratic Association, he was expelled from the organization in the 1870s and eventually became involved in anarchism.\nH\u00f6del used a revolver to shoot at the German Emperor, Wilhelm I, on 11 May 1878, while the 81-year-old and his daughter, Princess Louise of Prussia, paraded in their carriage. H\u00f6del was seized immediately. He was tried and convicted of high treason, and sentenced to death on 10 July by the Prussian State Court. Julius Krautz, Prussian state executioner, beheaded H\u00f6del on 16 August 1878 in Moabit prison.Although H\u00f6del had been expelled from the Social Democratic Party, his actions, and those of Karl Nobiling, were used as justification to ban the party through the Anti-Socialist Law in October 1878.", "Q809177": "Barsuk Records ( bar-SOOK) is an independent record label based in Seattle, Washington, that was founded by the members of the band This Busy Monster, Christopher Possanza and Josh Rosenfeld, in 1998 to release their band's material. Its logo is a drawing of a dog holding a vinyl record in its mouth.\nThe name of the label comes from the Russian word \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0443\u043a [bar\u02c8suk], \"badger\". However, the label is named after Christopher Possanza and Jason Avinger's dog, a black Labrador. The dog can be heard barking in two This Busy Monster tracks: \"Song 69\" and \"Time to Sleep\".", "Q922480": "The Church of Scotland (CoS; Scots: The Scots Kirk; Scottish Gaelic: Eaglais na h-Alba), also known by its Scots language name, the Kirk, is the national church of Scotland. It is Presbyterian, having no head of faith or leadership group, and adheres to the Bible and Westminster Confession; the Church of Scotland celebrates two sacraments, Baptism and the Lord's Supper, as well as five other rites, such as confirmation and matrimony. It is a member of the World Communion of Reformed Churches.The Church of Scotland traces its roots back to the beginnings of Christianity in Scotland, but its identity is principally shaped by the Reformation of 1560. According to the Church of Scotland, in December 2013 its membership was 398,389, or about 7.5% of the total population, dropping to 380,164 by the end of 2014 and 336,000 by 2017. and further dropping to 325,695 by yearend 2018 representing about 6% of the Scottish population.According to the 2018 Household survey 22% of the Scottish population in 2018 (down from 34% in 2009) reported belonging to the Church of Scotland.", "Q26062": "Robert Oxton Bolt, CBE (15 August 1924 \u2013 21 February 1995) was an English playwright and a two-time Oscar-winning screenwriter, known for writing the screenplays for Lawrence of Arabia, Doctor Zhivago and A Man for All Seasons, the latter two of which won him the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.", "Q3182352": "Sir John Reeves Ellerman, 2nd Baronet (21 December 1909 \u2013 17 July 1973) was an English shipowner, natural historian and philanthropist. The only son and heir of the English shipowner and investor John Ellerman, he was often said to be Britain's richest man. His sister was the writer Bryher.", "Q78678": "Hermann Julius H\u00f6fle pron. also Hans (or) Hermann Hoefle (19 June 1911 \u2013 21 August 1962) was an Austrian-born SS commander and Holocaust perpetrator during the Nazi era. He was deputy to Odilo Globo\u010dnik in the Aktion Reinhard program, serving as his main deportation and extermination expert. Arrested in 1961 in connection with these crimes, H\u00f6fle committed suicide in prison before he could be tried.", "Q85905": "Martin Schlaff (born 6 August 1953) is an Austrian businessman. He was occupied in trade with East Germany before the German reunification. According to investigations by the German parliament, Schlaff was an unofficial employee of the Stasi. His Stasi codename was \"Landgraf\" and registration number \"3886-86\". his net worth is estimated over \u20ac8 billion.\n\n", "Q571445": "Rinaldo Alessandrini (born 25 January 1960) is a virtuoso on Baroque keyboards, including harpsichord, fortepiano, and organ. He is founder and conductor of the Italian early music ensemble Concerto Italiano, performing music of Monteverdi, Vivaldi, Couperin, Bach, and others. He is considered a foremost interpreter of early Italian opera.Alessandrini did not start piano until around the age of 14. In parallel he participated in a choral ensemble. At age 18 he discovered the harpsichord, took lessons with Ton Koopman, and subsequently gave his first concert.In 2019 Alessandrini conducted his Concerto Italiano at the annual Misteria Paschalia Festival in Krak\u00f3w, Poland.", "Q270272": "The Rockefeller University is a private graduate university in New York City. It focuses primarily on the biological and medical sciences and provides doctoral and postdoctoral education. Rockefeller is the oldest biomedical research institute in the United States. The 82-person faculty (tenured and tenure-track, as of 2018) has 37 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 17 members of the National Academy of Medicine, seven Lasker Award recipients, and five Nobel laureates. As of October 2019, a total of 36 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Rockefeller University. \nThe university is located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, between 63rd and 68th streets on York Avenue. Richard P. Lifton became the university's eleventh president on September 1, 2016. The Rockefeller University Press publishes the Journal of Experimental Medicine, the Journal of Cell Biology, and The Journal of General Physiology.", "Q70224": "Roche is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Aigle.", "Q229307": "Aelia Eudocia Augusta (; Late Greek: \u0391\u1f30\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u0395\u1f50\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u0391\u1f50\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1; c. 401 \u2013 460 AD), also called Saint Eudocia, was a Greek Eastern Roman Empress by marriage to Byzantine emperor Theodosius II (r. 408\u2013450).\nEudocia lived in a world where Greek paganism and Christianity existed side-by-side with both pagans and non-orthodox Christians being persecuted. Although Eudocia's work has been mostly ignored by modern scholars, her poetry and literary work are emblematic of how her Christian faith and Greek heritage were intertwined.", "Q47488": "The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague, Netherlands. The ICC has jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. It is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore exercise its jurisdiction only when certain conditions are met, such as when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals or when the United Nations Security Council or individual states refer situations to the Court.\nThe ICC began functioning on 1 July 2002, the date that the Rome Statute entered into force. The Rome Statute is a multilateral treaty that serves as the ICC's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute become member states of the ICC. As of November 2019, there are 123 ICC member states. 42 states are non-party, non-signatory states.\nThe ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates criminal proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.\nThe Office of the Prosecutor has opened twelve official investigations and is also conducting an additional nine preliminary examinations. Thus far, 45 individuals have been indicted in the ICC, including Ugandan rebel leader Joseph Kony, former Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir, Kenyan president Uhuru Kenyatta, Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, Ivorian president Laurent Gbagbo, and DR Congo vice-president Jean-Pierre Bemba.\nThe ICC has faced a number of criticisms from states and civil society, including objections about its jurisdiction, accusations of bias, questioning of the fairness of its case-selection and trial procedures, and doubts about its effectiveness.", "Q878956": "Ernest Henry Gruening ( GREEN-ing; February 6, 1887 \u2013 June 26, 1974) was an American journalist and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, Gruening was the Governor of the Alaska Territory from 1939 until 1953, and a United States Senator from Alaska from 1959 until 1969.\nBorn in New York City, Gruening pursued a career in journalism after graduating from Harvard Medical School. After working for various newspapers in New York and Boston, he served in various roles during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was appointed as Governor of Alaska in 1939 and became a prominent advocate of Alaska statehood.\nGruening became one of Alaska's inaugural pair of Senators after Alaska gained statehood in 1959. Gruening was a prominent opponent of the Vietnam War, and with Oregon's Wayne Morse, was one of just two Senators to vote against the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution which allowed the bombing of North Vietnam. In 1968, Mike Gravel defeated Gruening in the Senate Democratic primary, and Gruening's attempt to win re-election as an independent was unsuccessful.\n\n", "Q322520": "Jean Schlumberger (26 May 1877 \u2013 25 October 1968) was a French writer and journalist. He was born in Guebwiller, Alsace-Lorraine, and died in Paris.", "Q191020": "Gary Stanley Becker (; December 2, 1930 \u2013 May 3, 2014) was an American economist who received the 1992 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He was a professor of economics and sociology at the University of Chicago, and was a leader of the third generation of the Chicago school of economics.Becker was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1992 and received the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007. A 2011 survey of economics professors named Becker their favorite living economist over the age of 60, followed by Kenneth Arrow and Robert Solow. Economist Justin Wolfers called him, \"the most important social scientist in the past 50 years.\"Becker was one of the first economists to analyze topics that had been researched in sociology, including racial discrimination, crime, family organization, and rational addiction. He argued that many different types of human behavior can be seen as rational and utility maximizing. His approach included altruistic behavior of human behavior by defining individuals' utility appropriately. He was also among the foremost exponents of the study of human capital. According to Milton Friedman, he was \u201cthe greatest social scientist who has lived and worked\" in the second part of the twentieth century.", "Q103542": "Heinrich Jasper (21 August 1875 \u2013 19 February 1945) was a German politician (SPD). During the 1920s he served three terms as regional prime minister (Ministerpr\u00e4sident) of the Free State of Brunswick. He died in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.", "Q70542": "Baron Roman Fyodorovich von Ungern-Sternberg (born Nikolai Robert Maximilian Freiherr von Ungern-Sternberg; Russian: \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0444\u043e\u043d \u0423\u0301\u043d\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043d-\u0428\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0440\u043d\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433, romanized: Rom\u00e1n F\u00ebdorovi\u010d fon \u00dangern-\u0160t\u00e9rnberg; 10 January 1886 [O.S. 29 December 1885] \u2013 15 September 1921), often referred to as Baron Ungern, was an anti-communist general in the Russian Civil War and thereafter an independent warlord who intervened in Mongolia against China. One of the Russian Empire's Baltic German minority, Ungern was an arch-conservative monarchist who aspired to restore the Russian monarchy after the revolutions of 1917 and to revive the Mongol Empire under the rule of the Bogd Khan. His attraction to Vajrayana Buddhism and his eccentric, often violent treatment of enemies and his own men earned him the sobriquet \"the Mad Baron\" or \"the Bloody Baron\".\nIn February 1921, at the head of an \"Asiatic Cavalry Division\", Ungern expelled Chinese troops from Mongolia and restored the monarchic power of the Bogd Khan. During his five-month occupation of Outer Mongolia, Ungern imposed order on the capital city, Ikh Kh\u00fcree (now Ulaanbaatar), through fear, intimidation, and brutal violence against his opponents, particularly Bolshevik supporters. In June 1921 he went on to invade east Siberia in support of supposed anti-Bolshevik rebellions and to head off a Red Army-Mongolian partisan invasion; this action led to his defeat and capture two months later. He was taken prisoner by the Red Army and a month later put on trial for counterrevolution in Novonikolaevsk. After a six-hour show trial he was found guilty, and on 15 September 1921 he was executed.", "Q709234": "Yoji Biomehanika, also known as YOJI, Mutant DJ, Ozaka Oz, Bionico, Biomehanika and The Arcade Nation is a Japanese trance/hard trance DJ. A household name in the Japanese club scene in the 1990s, Yoji entered the international scene in 2001 when he was featured in the lineup for the Dance Valley music festival in the Netherlands in front of 90,000 people. He then started headlining some of the largest international music events such as Sensation Black, Tomorrowland and Street Parade. He is now considered one of the icons of hard dance music.", "Q36517": "Sir Francis Drake (c.\u20091540 \u2013 28 January 1596) was an English sea captain, privateer, slave trader, pirate, naval officer and explorer of the Elizabethan era. Drake carried out the second circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition, from 1577 to 1580, and was the first to complete the voyage as captain while leading the expedition throughout the entire circumnavigation. With his incursion into the Pacific Ocean, he claimed what is now California for the English and inaugurated an era of conflict with the Spanish on the western coast of the Americas, an area that had previously been largely unexplored by western shipping.Elizabeth I awarded Drake a knighthood in 1581 which he received on the Golden Hind in Deptford. In the same year he was appointed mayor of Plymouth. As a Vice Admiral, he was second-in-command of the English fleet in the victorious battle against the Spanish Armada in 1588. He died of dysentery in January 1596, after unsuccessfully attacking San Juan, Puerto Rico. \nDrake's exploits made him a hero to the English, but his privateering led the Spanish to brand him a pirate, known to them as El Draque. King Philip II allegedly offered a reward for his capture or death of 20,000 ducats, about \u00a36 million (US$8 million) in modern currency.\n\n", "Q114758": "Hermann von Gilm, or Hermann Gilm von Rosenegg (1 November 1812 \u2013 31 May 1864) was an Austrian lawyer and poet.\nBorn in Innsbruck, he studied law there. He worked from 1840 as a public official in Schwaz, Bruneck and Rovereto. From 1846 he worked in Vienna.\nRichard Strauss set several of his Sophienlieder to music. Von Gilm died in Linz.", "Q5950": "James Joseph Brown (May 3, 1933 \u2013 December 25, 2006) was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, musician, record producer and bandleader. A progenitor of funk music and a major figure of 20th century music and dance, he is often referred to as the \"Godfather of Soul\" and \"Soul Brother No. 1\". In a career that lasted over 50 years, he influenced the development of several music genres.Brown began his career as a gospel singer in Toccoa, Georgia. He joined a rhythm and blues vocal group, the Gospel Starlighters (which later evolved into the Famous Flames) founded by Bobby Byrd, in which he was the lead singer. First coming to national public attention in the late 1950s as a member of the singing group The Famous Flames with the hit ballads \"Please, Please, Please\" and \"Try Me\", Brown built a reputation as a tireless live performer with the Famous Flames and his backing band, sometimes known as the James Brown Band or the James Brown Orchestra. His success peaked in the 1960s with the live album Live at the Apollo and hit singles such as \"Papa's Got a Brand New Bag\", \"I Got You (I Feel Good)\" and \"It's a Man's Man's Man's World\".\nDuring the late 1960s, Brown moved from a continuum of blues and gospel-based forms and styles to a profoundly \"Africanized\" approach to music-making that influenced the development of funk music. By the early 1970s, Brown had fully established the funk sound after the formation of the J.B.s with records such as \"Get Up (I Feel Like Being a) Sex Machine\" and \"The Payback\". He also became noted for songs of social commentary, including the 1968 hit \"Say It Loud \u2013 I'm Black and I'm Proud\". Brown continued to perform and record until his death from pneumonia in 2006. \nBrown recorded 17 singles that reached No. 1 on the Billboard R&B charts. He also holds the record for the most singles listed on the Billboard Hot 100 chart which did not reach No. 1. Brown was inducted into 1st class of the Rhythm & Blues Music Hall of Fame in 2013 as an artist and then in 2017 as a songwriter. He also received honors from many other institutions, including inductions into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Songwriters Hall of Fame. In Joel Whitburn's analysis of the Billboard R&B charts from 1942 to 2010, Brown is ranked No. 1 in The Top 500 Artists. He is ranked No. 7 on Rolling Stone's list of its 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Rolling Stone has also cited Brown as the most sampled artist of all time.", "Q904447": "Military science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that features the use of science fiction technology, mainly weapons, for military purposes and usually principal characters that are members of a military organization involved in military activity, usually during a war; occurring sometimes in outer space or on a different planet or planets. It exists in literature, comics, film, and video games.\nA detailed description of the conflict, the tactics and weapons used for it, and the role of a military service and the individual members of that military organization forms the basis for a typical work of military science fiction. The stories often use features of actual past or current Earth conflicts, with countries being replaced by planets or galaxies of similar characteristics, battleships replaced by space battleships and certain events changed so that the author can extrapolate what might have occurred.", "Q103224": "Alwin Oswald Walther (born 6 May 1898 in Reick; died 4 January 1967 in Darmstadt) was a German mathematician, engineer and professor. He is one of the pioneers of mechanical computing technology in Germany.", "Q18832": "S\u0142awomir Mro\u017cek (29 June 1930 \u2013 15 August 2013) was a Polish dramatist, writer and cartoonist. In 1963 Mro\u017cek emigrated to Italy and France and then further to Mexico. In 1996 he returned to Poland and settled in Krak\u00f3w. In 2008 he moved back to France. He died in Nice at the age of 83.Mro\u017cek joined the Polish United Workers' Party during the reign of Stalinism in the People's Republic of Poland, and made a living as political journalist. He began writing plays in the late 1950s. His theatrical works belong to the genre of absurdist fiction, intended to shock the audience with non-realistic elements, political and historic references, distortion, and parody.", "Q312385": "Matthew Robert Smith (born 28 October 1982) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as the eleventh incarnation and the youngest actor to portray the Doctor in the BBC series Doctor Who and Prince Philip in the Netflix series The Crown, earning a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for the latter.Smith initially aspired to be a professional footballer, but spondylolysis forced him out of the sport. After joining the National Youth Theatre and studying drama and creative writing at the University of East Anglia, he became an actor in 2003, performing in plays like Murder in the Cathedral, Fresh Kills, The History Boys, and On the Shore of the Wide World in London theatres. Extending his repertoire into West End theatre, he has since performed in the stage adaptation of Swimming with Sharks with Christian Slater, followed a year later by a critically acclaimed performance as Henry in That Face.Smith's first television role came in 2006 as Jim Taylor in the BBC adaptations of Philip Pullman's The Ruby in the Smoke and The Shadow in the North, while his first major role in television came as Danny in the 2007 BBC series Party Animals. Smith, who was announced as the eleventh incarnation of the Doctor in January 2009, left the series at the end of the 2013 Christmas Day special, \u2018The Time of the Doctor\u2019. In film, he starred in Womb (2010) and portrayed the physical embodiment of Skynet in Terminator Genisys (2015).\n\n", "Q196029": "Gimme Shelter is a 2013 American independent Christian drama film written and directed by Ronald Krauss and starring Vanessa Hudgens, James Earl Jones, Rosario Dawson, St\u00e9phanie Szostak, Emily Meade, Ann Dowd, and Brendan Fraser. It is based on a true story about a runaway teenage girl who gets pregnant and is placed in a home for pregnant girls.", "Q4496": "Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American politician and businessman who has served as the junior United States senator from Utah since January 2019. He previously served as the 70th Governor of Massachusetts from 2003 to 2007 and was the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election.\nRaised in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, by his parents, George and Lenore Romney, he spent over two years from 1966 in France as a Mormon missionary. He married Ann Davies in 1969; they have five sons. By 1971, he had participated in the political campaigns of both parents. Romney earned a Bachelor of Arts in English from Brigham Young University (BYU) in 1971 and a joint JD\u2013MBA from Harvard University in 1975. Romney became a management consultant and in 1977 joined Bain & Company in Boston. As Bain's chief executive officer (CEO), he later helped lead the company out of a financial crisis. In 1984, he co-founded and led the spin-off company Bain Capital, a highly profitable private equity investment firm that became one of the largest of its kind in the nation. Active in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) throughout his adult life, Romney served as bishop of his ward and later as a stake president near Boston.\nAfter stepping down from Bain Capital and his local leadership role in the LDS Church, Romney ran as the Republican candidate in the 1994 United States Senate election in Massachusetts. After losing to longtime incumbent Ted Kennedy, he resumed his position at Bain Capital. Years later, a successful stint as President and CEO of the then-struggling Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the 2002 Winter Olympics led to a re-launch of his political career. Elected Governor of Massachusetts in 2002, Romney helped develop and later signed a health care reform law that provided near-universal health insurance access through state-level subsidies and individual mandates to purchase insurance. He also presided over the elimination of a projected $1.2\u20131.5 billion deficit through a combination of spending cuts, increased fees and closing corporate tax loopholes. He did not seek re-election in 2006, instead focusing on his campaign for the Republican nomination in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Though he won several primaries and caucuses, Senator John McCain was chosen as the Republican Party's nominee. Romney's considerable net worth, estimated in 2012 at $190\u2013250 million, helped finance his political campaigns prior to 2012. Romney won the 2012 Republican presidential nomination, becoming the first LDS Church member to be a presidential nominee of a major party. He was defeated by incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama in the 2012 presidential election, losing the Electoral College by a margin of 206\u2013332 and the popular vote by a margin of 47%\u201351%.\nAfter re-establishing residency in Utah, Romney announced his campaign for the U.S. Senate seat held by the retiring Orrin Hatch in the 2018 election; he defeated state representative Mike Kennedy in the Republican primary and Democrat Jenny Wilson in the general election. In doing so, he became only the third individual ever to be elected governor of one state and U.S. senator for another state (the others being Sam Houston and William Bibb). Romney was sworn in on January 3, 2019. In the impeachment trial of Donald Trump, he voted to convict the president of abuse of power (over Trump's attempts to get the Ukrainian President to announce an investigation into his political rival Joe Biden), becoming the first (and so far only) senator in U.S. history to vote to convict a president of their own party.", "Q645980": "Mogwai () are a Scottish post-rock band, formed in 1995 in Glasgow. The band consists of Stuart Braithwaite (guitar, vocals), Barry Burns (guitar, piano, synthesizer, vocals), Dominic Aitchison (bass guitar), and Martin Bulloch (drums). The band typically compose lengthy guitar-based instrumental pieces that feature dynamic contrast, melodic bass guitar lines, and heavy use of distortion and effects.\nThe band were for several years signed to Glasgow label Chemikal Underground, and have been distributed by different labels such as Matador in the US and Play It Again Sam in the UK, but now use their own label Rock Action Records in the UK, and Temporary Residence Ltd. in North America. The band were championed by John Peel from their early days, and recorded seven Peel Sessions between 1996 and 2004. Peel also recorded a brief introduction for the compilation Government Commissions: BBC Sessions 1996\u20132003.", "Q181555": "Crimes and Misdemeanors is a 1989 American existential comedy-drama film written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars alongside Martin Landau, Mia Farrow, Anjelica Huston, Jerry Orbach, Alan Alda, Sam Waterston and Joanna Gleason.\nAlthough a box office flop, the film was met with critical acclaim, and received three Oscar nominations: Woody Allen, for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay, and Martin Landau, for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. In several publications, Crimes and Misdemeanors has been ranked as one of Allen's greatest films.", "Q266376": "Hikari Mitsushima (\u6e80\u5cf6 \u3072\u304b\u308a, Mitsushima Hikari, born 30 November 1985) is a Japanese actress and singer. She came to note as a pop singer but went on to star in films.", "Q463055": "The Conservatoire de Paris (pronounced [k\u0254\u0303.s\u025b\u0281.va.twa\u0281 d\u0259 pa.\u0281i]; English: Paris Conservatory) is a college of music and dance founded in 1795. Currently known as the Conservatoire national sup\u00e9rieur de musique et de danse de Paris (CNSMDP), it is situated in the avenue Jean Jaur\u00e8s in the 19th arrondissement of Paris, France. The Conservatoire offers instruction in music and dance, drawing on the traditions of the \"French School\". Formerly the conservatory also included drama, but in 1946 that division was moved into a separate school, the Conservatoire national sup\u00e9rieur d'art dramatique (CNSAD), for acting, theatre and drama. Today the conservatories operate under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture and Communication and are associate members of PSL Research University. The CNSMDP is also associated with the Conservatoire national sup\u00e9rieur de musique et de danse de Lyon (CNSMDL).", "Q499847": "Islands is an indie rock band from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The group was founded in 2005 by Nicholas Thorburn and Jamie Thompson, shortly after the breakup of The Unicorns, of which both were members. The band has been inactive since 2016, with their final line-up consisting of Thorburn, Evan Gordon, Geordie Gordon, and Adam Halferty.", "Q1684315": "Elpadaro F. Electronica Allah (n\u00e9 Timothy Elpadaro Thedford; born September 19, 1976), known professionally as Jay Electronica, is an American rapper, record producer, and songwriter from New Orleans, Louisiana.", "Q60989": "Count Ludwig August Mellin (23 January 1754 in Tuhala, Governorate of Reval \u2013 12 March 1835 in Riga, Governorate of Livonia) was a Baltic German politician, cartographer, writer and publicist. He is best known for creating the first professional atlas visualizing Livonia (area now divided between Estonia and Latvia), the Atlas von Liefland, oder von den beyden Gouvernementern u. Herzogth\u00fcmern Lief- und Ehstland, und der Provinz Oesel in 1798.\nHe was born in Tuhala, Estonia. He visited Riga in 1782. Mellin, a soldier in the Imperial Russian Army, became a cartographer at the request of Paul I of Russia, who wanted to see a map of Livonia. Since a professional map did not exist, Mellin was put in charge of creating it. In 1798, the Atlas von Liefland, oder von den beyden Gouvernementern u. Herzogth\u00fcmern Lief- und Ehstland, und der Provinz Oesel, was published by Mellin. It took 28 years to complete it. Mellin used maps from private collections, the military, and the Russian Academy of Sciences. The map shows natural features such as islands, geology and shorelines of the region. The maps were so popular they were sold overseas. At one point, Mellin was accused of espionage because of where the maps were being sold. He was arrested. Paul I had the maps pulled off the market.", "Q529148": "Lady Florence Caroline Dixie (n\u00e9e Douglas; 25 May 1855 \u2013 7 November 1905), was a Scottish writer, war correspondent, and feminist. Her account of travelling Across Patagonia, her children's books The Young Castaways and Aniwee; or, The Warrior Queen, and her feminist utopia Gloriana; or, The Revolution of 1900 all deal with feminist themes related to girls, women, and their positions in society.", "Q276165": "Rosalind Ayres (born 7 December 1946) is an English actress, director and producer. Active since 1970, Ayres is well known for her role in the 1997 film Titanic, in which she played Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon. Her husband Martin Jarvis played Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon in the film.", "Q282782": "Bilgin \u00d6z\u00e7alkan (born 31 December 1976), also known by his stage name Ceza (pronounced je-ZAH, Turkish for 'punishment'), is a Turkish rapper and songwriter. His 2015 song \"Suspus\" has been compared to Eminem's anti-Trump freestyle rap \"Storm\".\n\n", "Q704710": "Robert Lee McCollum (November 30, 1909 \u2013 November 5, 1967) was an American blues musician who played and recorded under the pseudonyms Robert Lee McCoy and Robert Nighthawk. He was the father of the blues musician Sam Carr. Nighthawk was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1983.", "Q525772": "Andrew McLan Fraser (3 July 1952 \u2013 16 March 2015) was an English songwriter and bass guitarist whose career lasted over forty years, and includes two spells as a member of the rock band Free, which he helped found in 1968, aged 15.", "Q439429": "Iya Alexeyevna Arepina (Russian: \u0418\u0301\u044f \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0430; July 2, 1930 in Ardatov \u2013 July 24, 2003 in Moscow) was a Soviet/Russian actress.She was named Best Actress at the 1955 Cannes Film Festival for her performance in Bolshaya Semya, directed by Iosif Kheifits.", "Q98954": "Hermann Fellner (born 20 December 1950) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was a member of the Bundestag of Germany.", "Q3102552": "Georges Darlan (1920\u20131965) was a Central African politician. He was the president of the Representative Council of Ubangi-Shari from 1949 to 1952, the institutional predecessor of the Central African National Assembly.", "Q159880": "Adolf \u010cern\u00fd (1864\u20131952) was a Czech poet and journalist, as well as professor of Slavic studies in Prague.\nHis principal research focus was on the Sorbian language. \u010cern\u00fd also wrote poems under the pseudonym Jan Rokyta. The Jagiellonian University in Krak\u00f3w awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1947.", "Q311854": "Pierre Loti (French: [l\u0254ti]; pseudonym of Louis Marie-Julien Viaud [vjo]; 14 January 1850 \u2013 10 June 1923) was a French naval officer and novelist, known for his exotic novels and short stories.\n\n", "Q233439": "Jessica Alice Cave Lloyd (born 5 May 1987) is an English actress, comedian and cartoonist, known for her role as Lavender Brown in the Harry Potter film series, and for her shows in London and at the Edinburgh Fringe. She has also published a book of her trademark cartoon doodles, called Love Sick, and some of the designs have also appeared on greeting cards.", "Q111620": "Carsten M\u00fcller (born May 8, 1970 in Braunschweig) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).\n\n", "Q234356": "Janelle Mon\u00e1e Robinson (; born December 1, 1985) is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, actress, and producer. She is signed to Atlantic Records, as well as her own imprint, the Wondaland Arts Society. Throughout her career, Mon\u00e1e has received eight Grammy Award nominations. She won an MTV Video Music Award and the ASCAP Vanguard Award in 2010. She was also honored with the Billboard Women in Music Rising Star Award in 2015 and the Trailblazer of the Year Award in 2018. In 2012, she became a CoverGirl spokeswoman. Boston City Council named October 16, 2013 \"Janelle Mon\u00e1e Day\" in the city of Boston, Massachusetts, in recognition of her artistry and social leadership.\nMon\u00e1e's musical career began in 2003 upon releasing a demo album titled The Audition. In 2007, Mon\u00e1e publicly debuted with a conceptual EP titled Metropolis: Suite I (The Chase). It peaked at number two on the US Top Heatseekers chart, and in 2010, through Bad Boy Records, Mon\u00e1e released a first full-length studio album, The ArchAndroid, a concept album and sequel to her first EP. In 2011, Mon\u00e1e was featured as a guest vocalist on fun.'s single \"We Are Young\", which achieved major commercial success, topping the charts of over ten countries and garnering Mon\u00e1e a wider audience. Her second studio album, The Electric Lady, was released in 2013 and debuted at number five on the Billboard 200, serving as the fourth and fifth installments of her seven-part Metropolis concept series.In 2016, Mon\u00e1e made her theatrical film debut in two high-profile productions; she starred in Hidden Figures as NASA mathematician and aerospace engineer Mary Jackson, and also starred in Moonlight. Hidden Figures was a box office success, while Moonlight won the Academy Award for Best Picture at the 89th annual ceremony. Mon\u00e1e's third studio album, Dirty Computer, also described as a concept album, was released in 2018 to widespread critical acclaim; it was chosen as the best album of the year by several publications and earned Mon\u00e1e two nominations at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year. The album debuted at number six on the Billboard 200 and was further promoted by Mon\u00e1e's Dirty Computer Tour, which lasted from June\u2013August 2018.", "Q169943": "San Mateo ( SAN m\u0259-TAY-oh; Spanish for '\"Saint Matthew\"') is a city in San Mateo County, California, approximately 20 miles (32 km) south of San Francisco, and 31 miles (50 km) northwest of San Jose. San Mateo had an estimated 2018 population of 105,025.\n\n", "Q272303": "Jane Francesca Agnes, Lady Wilde (n\u00e9e Elgee; 27 December 1821 \u2013 3 February 1896) was an Irish poet under the pen name \"Speranza\" and supporter of the nationalist movement. Lady Wilde had a special interest in Irish folktales, which she helped to gather.She married Sir William Wilde, an eye and ear surgeon, on 12 November 1851 in St. Peter's church in Dublin, and they had three children: William Charles Kingsbury Wilde (1852\u20131899), Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (1854\u20131900), and Isola Francesca Emily Wilde (1857\u20131867). Her eldest son William Wilde became a journalist and poet, her younger son Oscar Wilde became a prolific and famous writer, and her daughter Isola Wilde died in childhood.\n\n", "Q426509": "Vasyl Semenovych Stus (Ukrainian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0443\u0441; 6 January 1938, Rakhnivka, Ukrainian SSR \u2013 4 September 1985, Perm-36, Kuchino, Russian SFSR) was a Ukrainian poet, translator, literary critic, journalist, and an active member of the Ukrainian dissident movement. For his political convictions, his works were banned by the Soviet regime and he spent 13 years in detention, until his death in Perm-36\u2014then a Soviet forced labor camp for political prisoners, subsequently The Museum of the History of Political Repression\u2014after having declared a hunger strike on September 4, 1985. On November 26, 2005, the Ukrainian president Viktor Yushchenko posthumously awarded him the highest national title: Hero of Ukraine. Stus is widely regarded as one of Ukraine's foremost poets.\n\n", "Q753648": "Beady Eye were an English rock band formed in London in 2009 by former Oasis members Liam Gallagher (vocals), Gem Archer (guitar), Andy Bell (guitar), and Chris Sharrock (drums). In 2013, former Kasabian guitarist Jay Mehler joined the band as a touring bassist. The band was created when Oasis' lead guitarist and primary songwriter Noel Gallagher quit in August 2009, after which the remaining members decided to rename themselves and continue making music.The band released two studio albums\u2014Different Gear, Still Speeding (2011) and BE (2013)\u2014both of which reached the top 5 on the UK Album Chart, though they had only one UK Top 40 single with \"The Roller\", which peaked at No. 31. They received some praise from Oasis fans, with Q claiming that their debut album was the best Liam had performed on since Oasis' (What's the Story) Morning Glory?.Liam announced in October 2014 that Beady Eye had disbanded. Liam would subsequently later embark upon a critically acclaimed solo career. Archer and Sharrock joined Noel's band, Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds, while Bell returned to his original band, Ride.", "Q195520": "So\u0148a \u010cerven\u00e1 (born 9 September 1925 in Prague) is a Czech operatic mezzo-soprano who's had an active international career since the 1950s. She has enjoyed particularly lengthy and fruitful associations with the Frankfurt Opera and the San Francisco Opera. She is currently on the roster of singers at the National Theatre in Prague.", "Q702361": "Inside Out Music is a German independent record label originally based in Kleve, North Rhine-Westphalia, and dedicated to the publication of progressive rock, progressive metal and related styles. In 2009, it formed a partnership with Century Media Records and moved its base of operations to Dortmund, also in North Rhine-Westphalia. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music and became its premier label for progressive music.", "Q629696": "Denis Patrick Seamus O'Hare (born January 17, 1962) is an American actor, singer, and author noted for his award-winning performances in the plays Take Me Out and Sweet Charity, as well as portraying vampire king Russell Edgington on HBO's fantasy series True Blood. He is also known for his supporting roles in such films as Charlie Wilson's War, Milk, Changeling, and Dallas Buyers Club. In 2011, he starred as Larry Harvey in the first season of the FX anthology series American Horror Story, for which he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie in 2012. He returned to the show in 2013, playing Spalding in American Horror Story: Coven and once more as Stanley in American Horror Story: Freak Show, the latter for which he earned a second Primetime Emmy Award nomination. For his performance in American Horror Story: Hotel as Liz Taylor, O'Hare received critical acclaim.", "Q96979": "Anton Besold (January 13, 1904 in We\u00dfling - September 20, 1991 in Oberhaching) was a German politician. He was a representative of the Bavaria Party and Christian Social Union of Bavaria.", "Q64537": "Densb\u00fcren is a municipality in the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q55932": "Leszek Henryk Balcerowicz (pronounced [\u02c8l\u025b\u0282\u025bk balt\u0361s\u025b\u02c8r\u0254vit\u0361\u0282] (listen); born 19 January 1947) is a Polish economist, statesman, and Professor at Warsaw School of Economics. He served as Chairman of the National Bank of Poland (2001-2007) and twice as Deputy Prime Minister of Poland (1989-1991, 1997-2001). In 1989, he became Minister of Finance in Tadeusz Mazowiecki's first non-communist government and led the free-market economic reforms, which have transformed Poland into one of Europe's most successful economies. In 2007, he founded the Civil Development Forum (Forum Obywatelskiego Rozwoju) think-tank and became the Chairman of its Council.", "Q684104": "The Kreis Schams forms, together with the sub-districts of Avers, Domleschg, Rheinwald and Thusis, the Bezirk (\"district\") Hinterrhein of the Canton Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. The district office is located in Zillis-Reischen.", "Q98940": "Hugo Dittberner (born Gieboldehausen 16 November 1944) is a German writer.\n\n", "Q130822": "William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 \u2013 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837. The third son of George III, William succeeded his elder brother George IV, becoming the last king and penultimate monarch of Britain's House of Hanover.\nWilliam served in the Royal Navy in his youth, spending time in North America and the Caribbean, and was later nicknamed the \"Sailor King\". In 1789, he was created Duke of Clarence and St Andrews. In 1827, he was appointed as Britain's first Lord High Admiral since 1709. As his two older brothers died without leaving legitimate issue, he inherited the throne when he was 64 years old. His reign saw several reforms: the poor law was updated, child labour restricted, slavery abolished in nearly all of the British Empire, and the British electoral system refashioned by the Reform Act 1832. Although William did not engage in politics as much as his brother or his father, he was the last monarch to appoint a British prime minister contrary to the will of Parliament. He granted his German kingdom a short-lived liberal constitution.\nAt the time of his death, William had no surviving legitimate children, but he was survived by eight of the ten illegitimate children he had by the actress Dorothea Jordan, with whom he cohabited for twenty years. Late in life, he married and apparently remained faithful to the young princess who would become Queen Adelaide. William was succeeded by his niece Queen Victoria in the United Kingdom, and his brother King Ernest Augustus in Hanover.", "Q126098": "Michel Gondry (French: [mi\u0283\u025bl \u0261\u0254\u0303d\u0281i]; born 8 May 1963) is a French director, screenwriter, and producer noted for his inventive visual style and distinctive manipulation of mise en sc\u00e8ne. He won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay as one of the writers of the 2004 film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, a film he also directed.\nHis other films include the surrealistic science fantasy comedy The Science of Sleep (2006), the comedy Be Kind Rewind (2008), the superhero action comedy The Green Hornet (2011), the drama The We and the I (2012), and the romantic science fantasy tragedy Mood Indigo (2013).\nHe is well known for his music video collaborations with Daft Punk, Donald Fagen, Radiohead, Bj\u00f6rk, Beck, The Chemical Brothers, Kylie Minogue and The White Stripes.", "Q6295": "The Rheinisch-Bergische Kreis is a Kreis (district) in the Cologne Bonn Region of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Kreis Mettman, Oberbergischer Kreis and Rhein-Sieg, and the district-free cities Cologne, Leverkusen, Solingen and Remscheid.", "Q108365": "Adelheid Arndt (born 3 January 1952, in Heidelberg) is a German actress.", "Q107056": "Gabriele Haefs (born 27 August 1953) is a German writer and translator.\nShe was born in Wachtendonk to Johann Heinrich Haefs and Annie Pasch, and is married to Norwegian writer Ingvar Ambj\u00f8rnsen. She is credited for having discovered Jostein Gaarder's novel Sophie's World, which she translated into German language, and eventually became a worldwide bestseller. She was decorated Knight of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit in 2011. She was awarded the Willy Brandt Prize in 2000.\n\n", "Q326034": "In Extremo (Latin: At the Edge) is a German medieval metal band originating from Berlin. The band's musical style combines metal with medieval traditional songs, blending the sound of the standard rock/metal instruments with historical instruments (such as bagpipes, harp, hurdy-gurdy and shawm). Versions of well-known traditional/medieval ballads make up the main part of their repertoire, but the band has written an increasing share of original material in recent years. Their own material is written in German, whilst the traditional songs are in a variety of languages, including Gaelic, Spanish, English, Norwegian, Swedish, Icelandic, French, Estonian, Galician, Hebrew, Latin, Ladino, Occitan, Old High German and Middle High German.", "Q3569110": "William Matthew Walsh (born 25 October 1961) is an Irish airline executive. He is CEO of International Airlines Group, and has been CEO of Aer Lingus and British Airways.\n\n", "Q921823": "Limitryu Tupaq Yupanki (Spanish Demetrio T\u00fapac Yupanaki) (22 December 1923 \u2013 3 May 2018) was a Peruvian Quechua language professor (or more accurate Southern Quechua), a translator from Castilian to Quechua and journalist.\nHe went to Lima, where he studied Philosophy at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and then Law at the National University of San Marcos. He worked in the newspaper La Prensa, and began teaching Quechua. Subsequently, he opened his own academy, Yachay Wasi. He also taught in the United States.In November 2005, thanks to his work, the Quechua translation of the Spanish classic Don Quixote de la Mancha was finally published with the name Yachay sapa wiraqucha dun Qvixote ManchamantanIn 2008, his work The Quechua Course was translated into Russian by A. Skromnitsky.\nHe died on May 3, 2018.", "Q339114": "Accident is Harold Pinter's 1967 British dramatic film adaptation of the 1965 novel by Nicholas Mosley. Directed by Joseph Losey, it was the second of three collaborations between Pinter and Losey, the others being The Servant (1963) and The Go-Between (1970). At the 1967 Cannes Film Festival, it won the award for Grand Prix Sp\u00e9cial du Jury. It also won the prestigious Grand Prix of the Belgian Film Critics Association.", "Q274766": "Dorota Mas\u0142owska (Polish pronunciation:[d\u0254\u02c8r\u0254ta ma\u02c8sw\u0254fska]; born 3 July 1983) is a Polish writer, playwright, columnist and journalist.\n\n", "Q16868675": "", "Q13973": "MSNBC is an American cable television channel that provides NBC News coverage as well as its own reporting and political commentary on current events. MSNBC is owned by the NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of the NBCUniversal Broadcast, Cable, Sports and News division of NBCUniversal (all of which are ultimately owned by Comcast). \nMSNBC and its website were founded in 1996 under a partnership between Microsoft and General Electric's NBC unit, hence the network's naming. Although they had the same name, msnbc.com and MSNBC maintained separate corporate structures and news operations. msnbc.com was headquartered on the Microsoft campus in Redmond, Washington, while MSNBC operated out of NBC's headquarters in New York City. Microsoft divested itself of its stakes in the MSNBC channel in 2005 and in msnbc.com in July 2012. The general news site was rebranded as NBCNews.com, and a new msnbc.com was created as the online home of the cable channel.In the late summer of 2015, MSNBC revamped its programming; the moves were in sharp contrast to previous programming decisions at the network. MSNBC sought to sharpen its news image by entering into a dual editorial relationship with its organizational parent NBC News. MSNBC Live, the network's flagship daytime news platform, was expanded to cover over eight hours of the day. Phil Griffin is the president and director of day-to-day operations at MSNBC.As of September 2018, approximately 87 million households in the United States (90.7 percent of pay television subscribers) were receiving MSNBC. In 2019, MSNBC ranked second among basic cable networks averaging 1.8 million viewers, behind rival Fox News.", "Q1710560": "Juan Manuel Ca\u00f1izares (born 1966) is a Spanish flamenco guitarist and composer.\nHe is a winner of the \"Premio Nacional de M\u00fasica\" (1982) and \"Premio de la M\u00fasica\" (2008) awards.\n\n", "Q105899": "Melchior Meyr (June 28, 1810 in Wallerstein-Ehringen \u2013 April 22, 1871 in Munich) was a German poet, novelist and philosopher.", "Q68319": "Berg\u00fcn/Bravuogn (German: Berg\u00fcn, Romansh: Bravuogn , in the local Romansh dialect Brau\u00e9gn) is a village and former municipality in the Albula Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. The double name (German/Romansh) has been the official name since 1943. On 1 January 2018 the former municipalities of Berg\u00fcn/Bravuogn and Filisur merged into the new municipality of Berg\u00fcn Filisur.", "Q82918": "Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov (Turkmen: Saparmyrat Ata\u00fdewi\u00e7 Ny\u00fdazow, Cyrillic: \u0421\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0440\u043c\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0410\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u044b\u044f\u0437\u043e\u0432; 19 February 1940 \u2013 21 December 2006; also known as T\u00fcrkmenba\u015fy (Head of the Turkmen) or Be\u00fdik T\u00fcrkmenba\u015fy (Great Head of the Turkmen) was a Turkmen politician who served as the leader of Turkmenistan from 1985 until his death in 2006. He was First Secretary of the Turkmen Communist Party from 1985 until 1991 and supported the 1991 Soviet coup d'\u00e9tat attempt. He continued to rule Turkmenistan for 15 years after independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.\nTurkmen media referred to him using the title \"His Excellency Saparmurat T\u00fcrkmenba\u015fy, President of Turkmenistan and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers\". His self-given title T\u00fcrkmenba\u015fy, meaning Head of the Turkmen, referred to his position as the founder and president of the Association of Turkmens of the World. In 1999, the Assembly of Turkmenistan declared Niyazov President for Life of Turkmenistan.\nIn his time, he was one of the world's most totalitarian, despotic and repressive dictators. He promoted a cult of personality around himself and imposed his personal eccentricities upon the country, such as renaming Turkmen months and days of the week to references of his autobiography the Ruhnama. He made it mandatory to read the Ruhnama in schools, universities and governmental organizations, new governmental employees were tested on the book at job interviews and an exam on its teachings was a part of the driving test in Turkmenistan. In 2005, he closed down all rural libraries and hospitals outside of the capital city Ashgabat, in a country where at that time more than half the population lived in rural areas, once stating that, \"If people are ill, they can come to Ashgabat.\" Under his rule, Turkmenistan had the lowest life expectancy in Central Asia. Global Witness, a London-based human rights organisation, reported that money under Niyazov's control and held overseas may be in excess of US$3 billion, of which between $1.8\u2013$2.6 billion was allegedly situated in the Foreign Exchange Reserve Fund at Deutsche Bank in Germany.", "Q60745": "Holger Klaus Meins (26 October 1941 \u2013 9 November 1974) was a German cinematography student who joined the Red Army Faction (RAF) in the early 1970s and died on hunger strike in prison.", "Q4800588": "Arthur Wakerley (1862\u20134 April 1931) was a British architect, businessman and politician.", "Q3182420": "John Sanborn Phillips (1861\u20131949) attended Knox College in Illinois, where he worked on the student newspaper and met S. S. McClure. In 1887 McClure hired him to manage the home office of the McClure Newspaper Syndicate (founded in 1884).\nThe two went on to found the famous McClure's Magazine, first published in June 1893, where Phillips was co-editor. In 1900 Phillips became a partner in the publisher McClure, Phillips and Company.In 1906, he left McClure's with Ida Tarbell, along with Lincoln Steffens and Ray Stannard Baker to purchase American Illustrated Magazine and convert it into The American Magazine.", "Q40495": "Syed Pervez Musharraf (Urdu: \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u200e Parvez Mu\u015barraf; born 11 August 1943) is a Pakistani former four-star general and politician who became the tenth president of Pakistan after the successful 1999 Pakistani coup d'\u00e9tat. He held the presidency from 2001 until 2008, when he tendered his resignation to avoid impeachment.Born in Delhi during the British Raj, Musharraf was raised in Karachi and Istanbul. He studied mathematics at Forman Christian College in Lahore and was also educated at the Royal College of Defence Studies in the United Kingdom. Musharraf entered the Pakistan Military Academy in 1961 and was commissioned to the Pakistan Army in 1964, playing an active role in the Afghan civil war. Musharraf saw action during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 as a second lieutenant. By the 1980s, he was commanding an artillery brigade. In the 1990s, Musharraf was promoted to major general and assigned an infantry division, and later commanded the Special Services Group. Soon after, he also served as deputy military secretary and director general of military operations.Musharraf rose to national prominence when he was promoted to four-star general by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in 1998, making Musharraf the head of the armed forces. He led the Kargil infiltration that almost brought India and Pakistan to a full-fledged war in 1999. After months of contentious relations between Sharif and Musharraf, Sharif unsuccessfully attempted to remove Musharraf as the army's leader. In retaliation, the army staged a coup d'\u00e9tat in 1999, which allowed Musharraf to take over Pakistan as president in 2001. He subsequently placed Sharif under strict house arrest before launching official criminal proceedings against him.Musharraf initially remained the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs and the Chief of the Army Staff, relinquishing the former position upon confirmation of his presidency. However, he remained the Army Chief until retiring in 2007. The initial stages of his presidency featured controversial wins in a state referendum to grant him a five-year term limit, and a general election in 2002. During his presidency, he advocated for the Third Way, adopting a synthesis of conservatism and socialism. Musharraf reinstated the constitution in 2002, though it was heavily amended within the Legal Framework Order. He appointed Shaukat Aziz to replace Sharif in 2004, and oversaw directed policies against terrorism, becoming a key player in the American-led war on terror.Musharraf pushed for social liberalism under his enlightened moderation program and promoted economic liberalisation, while he also banned trade unions. Musharraf's presidency coincided with a rise of overall gross domestic product by around 50%; in the same period, domestic savings declined, and economic inequality rose at a rapid rate. Musharraf's government has also been accused of human rights abuses, and he survived a number of assassination attempts during his presidency. When Aziz departed as prime minister, and after approving the suspension of the judicature in 2007, Musharraf's position weakened dramatically. Tendering his resignation to avoid impeachment in 2008, Musharraf emigrated to London in a self-imposed exile. His legacy as leader is mixed; he saw the emergence of a more assertive middle class, but an open disregard for civilian institutions greatly weakened Pakistan.Musharraf returned to Pakistan in 2013 to participate in that year's general election, but was disqualified from participating after the country's high courts issued arrest warrants for him and Aziz for their alleged involvement in the assassinations of Nawab Akbar Bugti and Benazir Bhutto. Upon Sharif's re-election in 2013, he initiated high treason charges against Musharraf for implementing emergency rule and suspending the constitution in 2007. The case against Musharraf continued after Sharif's removal from office in 2017, the same year in which Musharraf was declared an \"absconder\" in the Bhutto assassination case by virtue of moving to Dubai. In 2019, Musharraf was sentenced to death in absentia for the treason charges, although, the death sentence was later annulled by the Lahore High Court.", "Q93815": "Karen Lea Wynn Fonstad (April 18, 1945 \u2013 March 11, 2005) was an American cartographer and academic who designed several atlases of fictional worlds.", "Q1677289": "Jackie Lee Cochran (February 5, 1934, Dalton, Georgia \u2013 March 15, 1998, Burbank, California) was an American rockabilly musician, known as Jack the Cat.", "Q76127": "Sukarno (; born Kusno Sosrodihardjo, Javanese: [k\u028asn\u0254]; 6 June 1901 \u2013 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian politician who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967.\nSukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Dutch Empire. He was a prominent leader of Indonesia's nationalist movement during the Dutch colonial period and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading Japanese forces in World War II. Sukarno and his fellow nationalists collaborated to garner support for the Japanese war effort from the population, in exchange for Japanese aid in spreading nationalist ideas. Upon Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, and Sukarno was appointed as its president. He led Indonesians in resisting Dutch re-colonisation efforts via diplomatic and military means until the Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence in 1949. Author Pramoedya Ananta Toer once wrote, \"Sukarno was the only Asian leader of the modern era able to unify people of such differing ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds without shedding a drop of blood.\"After a chaotic period of parliamentary democracy, Sukarno established an autocratic system called \"Guided Democracy\" in 1959 that successfully ended the instability and rebellions which were threatening the survival of the diverse and fractious country. The early 1960s saw Sukarno veering Indonesia to the left by providing support and protection to the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) to the irritation of the military and Islamists. He also embarked on a series of aggressive foreign policies under the rubric of anti-imperialism, with aid from the Soviet Union and China. The failure of the 30 September Movement (1965) led to the destruction of the PKI with executions of its members and sympathisers in several massacres, with an estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 dead. He was replaced in 1967 by one of his generals, Suharto, and remained under house arrest until his death in 1970.", "Q2064298": "St. Paul's Church (German: Pauluskirche) is a Reformed Church in Bern, Switzerland built by Swiss architect Karl Moser from 1902 to 1905 in an Art Nouveau style. It a cultural property of national significance in Switzerland and one of the best examples of Art Nouveau in the country. The bell tower is 36 m high and contains 5 bells. The facade of the church features a relief sculpture with a representation of the Apostle Paul with a sword. The stained glass windows are by the artist Max Laeuger from L\u00f6rrach. The interior features blue and green hues, with rich gold decoration painting.Restorations on the church were carried out in 2009, which included the replacement of the organ. The contract for the construction of the new organ was given to Metzler in Dietikon. The new organ, which features 37 stops and 2294 pipes, was returned to its original 1905 location at the front of the church, having previously been moved during renovation carried out during 1969\u201370. Restoration was also carried out on the \"Angel Window\", which was to be returned to the North gallery, as well as the painting of the vault.", "Q71648": "Matthias Groote (born 21 October 1973) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. From 2005 until 2016, he served as Member of the European Parliament and was a part of the Socialist Group in the European Parliament.", "Q69007": "Chur (German: [\u02c8ku\u02d0r] or [\u02c8xu\u02d0r]) or Coire (French: [kwa\u0281]; Romansh: Cuira [\u02c8kwe\u02d0r\u0250] (listen) or [\u02c8kwoi\u032fr\u0250]; Italian: Coira [\u02c8k\u0254ira]) is the capital and largest town of the Swiss canton of Grisons and lies in the Grisonian Rhine Valley, where the Rhine turns towards the north, in the northern part of the canton. The city, which is located on the right bank of the Rhine, is reputedly the oldest town of Switzerland.The official language of Chur is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the High Alemannic Swiss German dialect.\nOn 1 January 2020 the former municipality of Maladers merged into Chur.", "Q66334": "M\u00f6rschwil is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q2795": "Chemnitz (German: [\u02c8k\u025bmn\u026ats] (listen), from 1953 to 1990: Karl-Marx-Stadt; Upper and Lower Sorbian: Kamjenica; Czech: Sask\u00e1 Kamenice) is the third largest city in the German federal state of Saxony after Leipzig and Dresden. It is the 28th largest city of Germany as well as the fourth largest city in the area of former East Germany after (East) Berlin, Leipzig and Dresden. The city is part of the Central German Metropolitan Region, and lies in the middle of a string of cities sitting in the densely populated northern foreland of the Elster and Ore Mountains, stretching from Plauen in the southwest via Zwickau, Chemnitz and Freiberg to Dresden in the northeast.\nLocated in the Ore Mountain Basin, the city is surrounded by the Ore Mountains to the south and the Central Saxon Hill Country to the north. The city stands on the Chemnitz River (progression: Zwickauer Mulde\u2192 Mulde\u2192 Elbe\u2192 North Sea), which is formed through the confluence of the rivers Zw\u00f6nitz and W\u00fcrschnitz in the borough of Altchemnitz.\nThe name of the city as well as the names of the rivers are of Slavic origin. Chemnitz is the third largest in the Thuringian-Upper Saxon dialect area after Leipzig and Dresden. The city's economy is based on the service sector and manufacturing industry. Chemnitz University of Technology has around 10,000 students.\n\n", "Q221997": "John Ellis \"Jeb\" Bush (born February 11, 1953) is an American politician who served as the 43rd Governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. Bush, who grew up in Houston, is the second son of former President George H. W. Bush and former First Lady Barbara Bush, and a younger brother of former President George W. Bush. He graduated from Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he earned a degree in Latin American affairs. In 1980, he moved to Florida and pursued a career in real estate development, and in 1986 became Florida's Secretary of Commerce until 1988. At that time, he joined his father's successful campaign for the Presidency.\nIn 1994, Bush made his first run for office, losing the election for governor by less than two percentage points to the incumbent Lawton Chiles. Bush ran again in 1998 and defeated Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay with 55 percent of the vote. He ran for reelection in 2002, defeating Bill McBride and winning with 56 percent, to become Florida's first two-term Republican governor. During his eight years as governor, Bush pushed an ambitious Everglades conservation plan, supported caps for medical malpractice litigation, launched a Medicaid privatization pilot program, and instituted reforms to the state education system, including the issuance of vouchers and promoting school choice.\nBush announced his presidential candidacy on June 15, 2015. He suspended his campaign on February 20, 2016, shortly after the South Carolina primary and endorsed Senator Ted Cruz on March 23, 2016.", "Q442931": "Mircea C\u0103rt\u0103rescu (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8mirt\u0361\u0283e\u032fa k\u0259rt\u0259\u02c8resku]; born 1 June 1956) is a Romanian novelist, poet, short-story writer, literary critic and essayist.", "Q1900342": "Mark William James O'Toole (born 6 January 1964, Liverpool) is an English musician. He is the former bassist and founding member of 1980s pop band, Frankie Goes to Hollywood. His elder brother, Gerard O'Toole, also was a member of FGTH, but soon left the band.A musician from an early age, O'Toole co-wrote all of Frankie Goes To Hollywood's hits such as \"Relax\", \"Two Tribes\" and \"The Power of Love\". Frankie Goes to Hollywood primarily enjoyed success in 1984, at one time occupying the top two places in the UK Singles Chart. The band split in 1987.", "Q954": "Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, formerly Rhodesia, is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique. The capital and largest city is Harare. The second largest city is Bulawayo. A country of roughly 14 million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most common.\nSince the 11th century, present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade. The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923. In 1965, the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia. The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty as Zimbabwe in April 1980. Zimbabwe then joined the Commonwealth of Nations, from which it was suspended in 2002 for breaches of international law by its then-government, and from which it withdrew in December 2003. The sovereign state is a member of the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). It was once known as the \"Jewel of Africa\" for its great prosperity.Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980, when his ZANU\u2013PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule; he was the President of Zimbabwe from 1987 until his resignation in 2017. Under Mugabe's authoritarian regime, the state security apparatus dominated the country and was responsible for widespread human rights violations. Mugabe maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric of the Cold War era, blaming Zimbabwe's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries. Contemporary African political leaders were reluctant to criticise Mugabe, who was burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials, though Archbishop Desmond Tutu called him \"a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator\". The country has been in economic decline since the 1990s, experiencing several crashes and hyperinflation along the way.\nOn 15 November 2017, in the wake of over a year of protests against his government as well as Zimbabwe's rapidly declining economy, Mugabe was placed under house arrest by the country's national army in a coup d'\u00e9tat. On 19 November 2017, ZANU\u2013PF sacked Robert Mugabe as party leader and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place. On 21 November 2017, Mugabe tendered his resignation prior to impeachment proceedings being completed. On 30 July 2018 Zimbabwe held its general elections, which was won by the ZANU\u2013PF party led by Emmerson Mnangagwa. Nelson Chamisa who was leading the main opposition party MDC Alliance contested the election results and filed a petition to the Constitution Court of Zimbabwe. The court confirmed Mnangagwa's victory, making him the newly elected president after Mugabe.\n\n", "Q143172": "Yossi Sarid (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9 \u05e9\u05e8\u05d9\u05d3\u200e; 24 October 1940 \u2013 4 December 2015) was an Israeli politician and news commentator. He served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment, Ratz and Meretz between 1974 and 2006. A former Minister of Education and Minister of the Environment, he led Meretz between 1996 and 2003 and served as Leader of the Opposition from 2001 to 2003. Known for his determined moral stance and his willingness to pay the political price for that determination, Sarid was often referred to as Israel's moral compass.", "Q76641": "Christian Felix Klein (German: [kla\u026an]; 25 April 1849 \u2013 22 June 1925) was a German mathematician and mathematics educator, known for his work with group theory, complex analysis, non-Euclidean geometry, and on the associations between geometry and group theory. His 1872 Erlangen program, classifying geometries by their basic symmetry groups, was an influential synthesis of much of the mathematics of the time.", "Q180139": "Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0266rad\u025bts \u02c8kra\u02d0lov\u025b\u02d0] (listen); German: K\u00f6niggr\u00e4tz) is a city of the Czech Republic, in the Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 Region of Bohemia. The city's economy is based on food-processing technology, photochemical, electronics manufacturing services (EMS) and IT. Traditional industries include musical instrument manufacturing \u2013 the best known being Petrof pianos. The University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 is located in the city, the University of Defense has its only medical faculty in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 and Charles University in Prague also has its Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Pharmacy there.", "Q104239": "Christian Scheu\u00df (* 14. January 1966 in Bottrop) is a German author and journalist.", "Q716466": "Emilio Fernando Azc\u00e1rraga Jean III (Spanish pronunciation: [e\u02c8miljo as\u02c8kara\u0263a \u029din] (listen); born 1968) is a Mexican businessman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Televisa, a Mexican mass media company.", "Q236233": "Alexandra Marinina Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 (born June 16, 1957, real name Marina Anatolyevna Alekseyeva Russian: \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0430) is a best-selling Russian writer of detective stories.", "Q229313": "Jessica Michelle Chastain (born March 24, 1977) is an American actress and producer. Known for her roles in films with feminist themes, her accolades include a Golden Globe Award and two Academy Award nominations. Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012.\nBorn and raised in Sacramento, California, Chastain developed an interest in acting from a young age. In 1998, she made her professional stage debut as Shakespeare's Juliet. After studying acting at the Juilliard School, she was signed to a talent holding deal with the television producer John Wells. She was a recurring guest star in several television series, including Law & Order: Trial by Jury. She also took on roles in the stage productions of Anton Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard in 2004 and Oscar Wilde's tragedy Salome in 2006.\nChastain made her film debut in the drama Jolene (2008), and gained wide recognition in 2011 for starring roles in half a dozen films, including the dramas Take Shelter and The Tree of Life. Her performance as an aspiring socialite in The Help earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 2012, she won a Golden Globe Award and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for playing a CIA analyst in the thriller Zero Dark Thirty. Chastain made her Broadway debut in a revival of The Heiress in the same year. Her highest-grossing releases came with the science fiction films Interstellar (2014) and The Martian (2015), and the horror film It Chapter Two (2019), and she continued to receive critical acclaim for her performances in the dramas A Most Violent Year (2014), Miss Sloane (2016), and Molly's Game (2017).\nChastain is the founder of the production company Freckle Films, which was created to promote diversity in film. She is vocal about mental health issues, as well as gender and racial equality. She is married to fashion executive Gian Luca Passi de Preposulo, with whom she has a daughter.", "Q123686": "Karl Jakob Weber (12 August 1712 \u2013 1764) was a Swiss architect and engineer who was in charge of the first organized excavations at Herculaneum, Pompeii and Stabiae, under the patronage of Charles III of Naples. At first a soldier and military engineer, he joined the excavations in 1749. His detailed drawings provided some of the basis for the luxurious royal folios of Le Antichit\u00e0 di Ercolano esposte, by means of which the European intelligentsia became aware of the details of what was being recovered.\nWeber's unwilling collaborator was Roque de Alcubierre, previously in charge of the excavations, whose treasure-hunting technique provided the fine bronzes and other works of art that kept royal patronage stimulated. Alcubierre was jealous of Weber, whose system of excavating whole rooms with a concern for context makes him a heroic forerunner of today's architectural profession, and attempted to sabotage Weber's work. On Weber's death, the architect Francisco La Vega was put in charge of excavations.\nWeber's plan of the still-buried Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum, which was being explored room by room by smashing openings through frescoed walls, is still the basis of our understanding of its layout, which was echoed in the construction of the J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, California.\nWeber was born at Arth in the Schwyz canton of Switzerland, to a family of the Catholic nobility. He was trained at the gymnasium of Lucerne, then travelled to Pavia, Lombardy, pursuing a higher degree in mathematics at the Collegio Ghislieri. Not having a private income in spite of his noble background, he enlisted in a regiment of Swiss mercenaries stationed in the Kingdom of Naples. The remainder of his career was passed in Italy. After a few years, he took examinations for admission to the corps of military engineers, and was accepted in the Royal Guard as engineer in 1743, where he joined the forces excavating Herculaneum in late 1749, initially at the request of Alcubierre, the Spanish military engineer who directed the royal excavations. In addition to the Villa dei Papiri he recovered much of the Theatre at Herculaneum, the Praedia of Julia Felix on the Via dell'Abbondanza at Pompeii, for which he drew up an axonometric plan, and several villas at Stabiae, bringing the first professionalism to the Royal digs.", "Q103556": "Henry II (German: Heinrich II; Italian: Enrico II) (6 May 973 \u2013 13 July 1024), also known as Saint Henry the Exuberant, Obl. S. B., was Holy Roman Emperor (\"Romanorum Imperator\") from 1014. He died without an heir in 1024, and was the last ruler of the Ottonian line. As Duke of Bavaria, appointed in 995, Henry became King of Germany (\"Rex Romanorum\") following the sudden death of his second cousin, Emperor Otto III in 1002, was made King of Italy (\"Rex Italiae\") in 1004, and crowned emperor by Pope Benedict VIII in 1014.\nThe son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, and his wife Gisela of Burgundy, Emperor Henry II was a great-grandson of German king Henry the Fowler and a member of the Bavarian branch of the Ottonian dynasty. Since his father had rebelled against two previous emperors, the younger Henry spent long periods of time in exile, where he turned to Christianity at an early age, first finding refuge with the Bishop of Freising and later during his education at the cathedral school in Hildesheim. He succeeded his father as Duke of Bavaria in 995 as \"Henry IV\". As duke, he attempted to join his second-cousin, Emperor Otto III, in suppressing a revolt against imperial rule in Italy in 1002. Before Henry II could arrive, however, Otto III died of fever, leaving no heir. After defeating several contenders to the throne, Henry II was crowned King of Germany on July 9, 1002 as the first in a line of kings to adopt the title Rex Romanorum, an allusion to his perceived prerogative to the future appointment of Imperator Romanorum. On 15 May 1004 he was anointed King of Italy (\"Rex Italiae\") and in 1004 Henry II joined Jarom\u00edr, Duke of Bohemia in his struggle against the Poles, thus effectively incorporating the Duchy of Bohemia into the Holy Roman Empire.Unlike his predecessor Otto III, who had imposed plans on sovereign adninistration and active political involvement in Italy, Henry spent most of his reign concerned with the renovation of the imperial territories north of the Alps, a policy summed up on his seal as Renovatio regni Francorum, which replaced Otto's Renovatio imperii Romanorum. A series of conflicts with the Polish Duke Boles\u0142aw I, who had already conquered a number of countries surrounding him required Henry II's full attention and years of political and military maneuvering. Henry did, however, lead three expeditions into Italy to enforce his feudal claim (Honor Imperii), twice to suppress secessionist revolts and once to address Byzantine attempts to obtain dominance over southern Italy. On 14 February 1014, Pope Benedict VIII crowned Henry Holy Roman Emperor in Rome.\nThe rule of Henry II has been characterized as a period of centralized authority throughout the Holy Roman Empire. He consolidated his power by cultivating personal and political ties with the Catholic Church. He greatly expanded the Ottonian dynasty's custom of employing clerics as counter-weights against secular nobles. Through donations to the Church and the establishment of new dioceses, Henry strengthened imperial rule across the Empire and increased control over ecclesiastical affairs. He stressed service to the Church and promoted monastic reform. For his remarkable personal piety and enthusiastic promotion of the Church, he was canonized by Pope Eugene III in 1146. He is the only medieval German monarch to ever have been honoured a saint. Henry II's wife was the equally pious Empress Cunigunde, who was canonized in 1200 by Pope Innocent III. As the union produced no children, the German nobles elected Conrad II, a great-great-grandson of Emperor Otto I, to succeed him after his death in 1024. Conrad was the first of the Salian dynasty of emperors.", "Q1349184": "Jerry Clyde Rubin (July 14, 1938 \u2013 November 28, 1994) was an American social activist, anti-war leader, and counterculture icon during the 1960s and 1970s. During the 1980s, he became a successful businessman.", "Q64245": "Oberlunkhofen is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten, in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q151576": "Else Feldmann (February 25, 1884 \u2013 1942) was an Austrian writer, playwright, poet, socialist journalist, and victim of the Holocaust.\nShe grew up in Leopoldstadt as the daughter of poor Jewish parents with her six siblings. She attended college, but after her father lost his job she was forced to leave school to work in a factory. In 1908, she became a contributor to the socialist newspaper Arbeiter-Zeitung and went on to co-found a socialist writers group, Vereinigung sozialistischer Schriftsteller, with Jewish socialist poet Josef Luitpold Stern, communist author, poet, essayist, and songwriter Fritz Br\u00fcgel, Jewish anarchist and socialist lyricist and poet Theodor Kramer, and early science fiction author Rudolf Brunngraber.Feldmann was able to develop stories from her articles into novels to reach a wider audience with her socialist message. She began working full-time for the Arbeiter-Zeitung in 1923 until the newspaper, along with other socialist and communist political activity, was forbidden by the austrofascist Fatherland Front Party in 1934. On June 14, 1942, Feldman was captured by the Gestapo and sent to Sobib\u00f3r extermination camp, where she was murdered.", "Q1153170": "Karel August Goeyvaerts (8 June 1923 \u2013 3 February 1993) was a Belgian composer.", "Q733816": "Charlie Is My Darling, directed by Peter Whitehead and produced by the Rolling Stones' manager Andrew Loog Oldham, was the first documentary film about the Rolling Stones. It was intended as a screen test for the band, to see how their musical charisma would translate into film. The footage was shot during the band's second tour of Ireland that year, on 3 and 4 September 1965, and was finished in the spring of 1966. It was given its premiere at the Mannheim Film Festival in October 1966. But the film was never officially released, due to the legal fights between the Rolling Stones and Allen Klein and a burglary in Andrew Loog Oldham's office, which saw all prints disappear.Nearly fifty years later, in 2012, a new film using restored footage and entitled Charlie Is My Darling \u2013 Ireland 1965 was released by Allen Klein's ABKCO Records, which owns the rights to all older Stones material. Charlie Is My Darling \u2013 Ireland 1965 came about when director Michael Gochanour discovered additional unprocessed footage of the 1965 Rolling Stones screen test. Gochanour spent two years editing and remixing the '60s material, adding a story line and synching music to Rolling Stones concert footage that had originally been filmed without sound. The result was Charlie Is My Darling \u2013 1965. One of Gochanour's objectives in making the film was \"to show The Rolling Stones in a way the world had never seen them before; as a band just coming into their own \u2013 raw, visceral, innocent and with purpose.\"The 64-minute documentary, Charlie Is My Darling \u2013 Ireland 1965, follows the group from their car trip out of London to Heathrow Airport, and from there to Dublin where they had two concerts at the Adelphi Theatre on 3 September. The next day they take a train up to Belfast for two concerts at the ABC Theatre, before returning to London by plane the following day.Besides stage shots from the concerts (where the second Dublin concert ends in total chaos as fans storm the stage), the film contains scenes from a hotel room in Dublin (where Keith and Mick for fun do a few Beatles songs as well as a couple of their own), scenes from their train trip to Belfast, another impromptu song session by a piano (with both Keith and Andrew Oldham playing the piano while Mick impersonates Elvis Presley and sings Fats Domino's version of \"Blueberry Hill\"), and finally their flight back to London. Intermixed with this are interviews with the band members where they talk about fame, fans and future.\nCharlie Is My Darling \u2013 Ireland 1965 premiered at the Walter Reade Theater in New York City on 29 September 2012, as part of the 2012 New York Film Festival, and was released on DVD and Blu-ray in November 2012. On 25 November 2012, it was shown by BBC Two as part of BBC's \"The Rolling Stones at 50\" celebrations.", "Q287188": "Stateside (released as Sinners in Germany) is a 2004 American romantic drama film based on a true story. It is an adventurous love story about a high school rich kid serving in the Marine Corps to avoid jail, who eventually falls in love with an actress with schizophrenia. Those around them ask them to keep their distance from each other, but both refuse. The film is based on a true story.\nThe film was released to theaters on May 21, 2004, and released on video/DVD on October 12, 2004.", "Q107730": "Vincent Anthony Vaughn (born March 28, 1970) is an American actor, producer, screenwriter, and comedian.\nVaughn began acting in the late 1980s, appearing in minor television roles before attaining wider recognition with the 1996 comedy-drama film Swingers. He has appeared in a number of films in the 1990s, including the sports film Rudy (1993), the sci-fi adventure dinosaur film The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997), and the drama-thriller Return to Paradise (1998).\nOther than his dramatic role in The Cell (2000), in the 2000s he acted primarily in comedies, including Old School (2003), Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story (2004), Wedding Crashers (2005), The Break-Up (2006), Fred Claus (2007), and Four Christmases (2008). He continued his comedic roles in the 2010s with The Dilemma (2011), The Watch (2012), and The Internship (2013). In 2015, he starred as Frank Semyon in the second season of the HBO anthology crime drama television series True Detective alongside Colin Farrell, Taylor Kitsch and Rachel McAdams, and since then has taken dramatic roles such as in Hacksaw Ridge, Brawl in Cell Block 99 and Dragged Across Concrete.", "Q318864": "The Blood Demon (Die Schlangengrube und das Pendel in West Germany), also known as The Torture Chamber of Dr. Sadism, The Snake Pit and the Pendulum, and Castle of the Walking Dead, is a 1967 West German horror film directed by Harald Reinl and starring Christopher Lee, Karin Dor, and Lex Barker.The film, written by Manfred R. K\u00f6hler, is based on Edgar Allan Poe's 1842 short story The Pit and the Pendulum and concerns the saga of Count Regula (Lee) who, after being drawn and quartered for murdering 12 maidens, returns to life seeking revenge. The film was advertised in Rhode Island newspapers as Crimson Demon, due to a practice at the time of deleting the word \"Blood\" from film titles.It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Gabriel Pellon and Rolf Zehetbauer.", "Q183430": "John Richard Walsh (May 22, 1913 \u2013 January 23, 1975) was a U.S. Representative from Indiana.", "Q272471": "Matanzas (Cuban Spanish pronunciation: [ma\u02c8tansas]) is the capital of the Cuban province of Matanzas. Known for its poets, culture, and Afro-Cuban folklore, it is located on the northern shore of the island of Cuba, on the Bay of Matanzas (Spanish Bahia de Matanzas), 90 kilometres (56 mi) east of the capital Havana and 32 kilometres (20 mi) west of the resort town of Varadero.\nMatanzas is called the City of Bridges, for the seventeen bridges that cross the three rivers that traverse the city (Rio Yumuri, San Juan, and Canimar). For this reason it was referred to as the \"Venice of Cuba.\" It was also called \"La Atenas de Cuba\" (\"The Athens of Cuba\") for its poets.\nMatanzas is known as the birthplace of the music and dance traditions danz\u00f3n and rumba.", "Q553196": "Irving Kristol (; January 22, 1920 \u2013 September 18, 2009) was an American journalist who was dubbed the \"godfather of neoconservatism\". As a founder, editor, and contributor to various magazines, he played an influential role in the intellectual and political culture of the last half of the twentieth century. After his death, he was described by The Daily Telegraph as being \"perhaps the most consequential public intellectual of the latter half of the [twentieth] century\".", "Q468672": "Frederick III (or IV) (1 September 1341 \u2013 Messina 27 July 1377), called the Simple, was King of Sicily from 1355 to 1377. He was the second son of Peter II of Sicily and Elisabeth of Carinthia. He succeeded his brother Louis. The documents of his era call him the \"infante Frederick, ruler of the kingdom of Sicily\", without any regnal number.\n\"Frederick the Simple\" is often confused with an earlier Sicilian monarch, his grandfather Frederick II, who chose to call himself \"Frederick III\" even though he was actually only the second King Frederick to occupy the Sicilian throne; his self-appellation was retained by later generations of genealogists and historians. The first King Frederick on the Sicilian throne was the latter's great-grandfather, King Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.\nFrederick III was born in Catania and succeeded to his brother Louis in 1355 under the regency of his sister, Euphemia of Sicily. In his youth the reign was under the control of powerful Sicilian barons, in particular of Artale I Alagona. The beginning of Frederick III's reign was also plagued by intermittent wars with the Kingdom of Naples (see War of the Sicilian Vespers) and also by the Black Death, to which his elder brother and predecessor had succumbed. On 25 December 1369, Frederick ordered all Jews to wear a badge indicating their heritage. The badge consisted of a piece of red material, not smaller than the largest royal seal; men were required to wear it under the chin, and women on the chest. In 1372 he was able to come to peace terms with Naples and Pope Gregory XI, obtaining the title of tributary King of \"Trinacria\".\nAfter the death of his mother's cousin, Margaret of Tyrol in 1269, Frederick remained the sole descendant of the House of Gorizia-Tyrol which had ruled a vast territory in the Eastern Alps, comprising Tyrol, Carinthia and Carniola. However, due to his problems at home, he is not known to have ever raised any claims to those territories which thus passed to the Habsburgs.\n\n", "Q203707": "Kim Possible is an American animated action comedy-adventure television series created by Bob Schooley and Mark McCorkle for Disney. The title character is a teenage girl tasked with fighting crime on a regular basis while coping with everyday issues commonly associated with adolescence. Kim is aided by her clumsy best friend and eventual love interest, Ron Stoppable, his pet naked mole rat Rufus, and ten year-old computer genius Wade. Known collectively as Team Possible, Kim and Ron's missions primarily require them to thwart the evil plans of the mad scientist\u2013supervillain duo Dr. Drakken and his sidekick Shego, though they encounter other enemies as well.\nVeteran Disney Channel writers Schooley and McCorkle were recruited by the network to develop an animated series that could attract both older and younger audiences, and conceived Kim Possible as a show about a talented action heroine and her less competent sidekick. Inspired by the scarcity of female-led animated series at the time, Kim Possible is based on the creators' own high school experiences, combine elements of action, adventure, drama, romance and comedy to appeal to both girls and boys while parodying the James Bond franchise, spy and superhero films and teen sitcoms. Distinct from other Disney Channel shows in its use of self-referential humor, Schooley and McCorkle developed fast-paced sitcom-style dialogue in order to cater to adult viewers. Set in the fictional town of Middleton, Colorado, the show's setting and locations exhibit a retro-influenced aesthetic. With a strong emphasis on modern-day technology and the Internet, the series also explores themes such as girl power, feminism, and relationships. It receives heavy comparisons to other female-driven action shows such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Alias and The Powerpuff Girls.\nKim Possible is Disney's second animated series, as well as the first one to be produced exclusively by Walt Disney Television Animation. The series premiered on June 7, 2002 and ended on September 7, 2007 after 87 episodes and four seasons. During its run, a pair of made-for-TV films were made: A Sitch in Time (2003) and So the Drama (2005). Merchandising based on the series, such as home media releases, toys, and video games were also made. A live-action television film of the same name was released in 2019. Kim Possible received critical acclaim and became one of Disney's top-rated and most popular series.", "Q627446": "Ill Will Records was an American vanity record label founded by Nasir \"Nas\" Jones. The label was named after Willie \"Ill Will\" Graham, Nas' childhood neighbor and best friend, who was shot dead on May 23, 1992 when both were teenagers. Nas founded the label in 1999 following the release of \"Nastradamus\".\nAfter signing to Def Jam in 2005, Nas relaunched Ill Will by the name The Jones Experience as an imprint under Def Jam Recordings.", "Q64912": "Roveredo is a municipality in the Moesa Region in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland.", "Q23481": "Friedrich D\u00fcrrenmatt (German: [\u02c8fri\u02d0dr\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8d\u028fr\u0259n\u02ccmat]; 5 January 1921 \u2013 14 December 1990) was a Swiss author and dramatist. He was a proponent of epic theatre whose plays reflected the recent experiences of World War II. The politically active author's work included avant-garde dramas, philosophical crime novels, and macabre satire. D\u00fcrrenmatt was a member of the Gruppe Olten, a group of left-wing Swiss writers who convened regularly at a restaurant in the town Olten.", "Q428901": "Mac Akasaka (\u30de\u30c3\u30af\u8d64\u5742, Makku Akasaka, born September 18, 1948), real name Makoto Tonami (\u6238\u4e26\u8aa0 Tonami Makoto), is a Japanese businessman, political activist and perennial candidate. He was born in Nagoya, grew up in a struggling family, and attended Kyoto University. He spent 25 years as an executive at the trading company Itochu, where he built a rare-earth metals trading business and ultimately retired early with a 120 million yen severance package. He went into politics after his retirement. He now manages the Smile Therapy Association in Akasaka, Tokyo. Akasaka claims to have personal assets of billions of yen, which he uses to cover the cost of his political campaigns.He has run for various political offices in recent years, including the Minato City Assembly (2007), the House of Representatives (2007, 2009, and 2010), Governor of Tokyo (2007, 2011, 2012, 2014 and 2016), Governor of Osaka Prefecture (2011), Governor of Niigata Prefecture (2012) and Mayor of Osaka City (2014), running as the candidate of the Smile Party (\u30b9\u30de\u30a4\u30eb\u515a). In these elections he has become known for flamboyant election speeches, often in costume, and for staging impromptu concerts in public areas such as central Shibuya. His official election speech broadcasts, in which he stressed the importance of smiling while wearing an outlandish costume such as Superman or a space alien, became popular on YouTube and other video sites.His campaigns through 2012 cost a total of around 30-40 million yen; his 2012 run for governor of Tokyo alone cost around 5 million yen even though he chose not to print election posters. Akasaka considered staying out of the Tokyo gubernatorial election in 2014, as profits from his rare-earth trading were down and he was less willing to front the 3 million yen bond required to run. He finally announced that he would run after an outpouring of comments on Twitter urging him to do so. He wrote: \"There are Mac fans throughout the world, not just among the voters of Tokyo, but even in Hollywood and Lausanne. They are looking forward to my election video.\"Tonami was indicted for tax fraud in 2010 on charges that he concealed 234 million yen in income over a span of three years, and received a suspended prison sentence.", "Q3123761": "G\u00e9rard Philippe Berry (born 25 December 1948) is a French computer scientist, member of the French Academy of Sciences (Acad\u00e9mie des sciences), French Academy of Technologies (Acad\u00e9mie des technologies), and Academia Europaea. He was the Chief Scientist Officer of Esterel Technologies from 2000 to 2009. He held the 2007-2008 yearly Liliane Bettencourt chair of Technological Innovation at the Coll\u00e8ge de France. He is currently Director of Research at INRIA and is holding the 2009-2010 yearly Informatics and Digital Sciences chair at the Coll\u00e8ge de France. Berry's work, which spans over more than 30 years, brought important contributions to three main fields:\n\nlambda calculus and functional programming\nparallel and real-time programming languages\ndesign automation for synchronous digital circuitsBerry is known for the Esterel programming language.", "Q169566": "Howard Phillips Lovecraft (US: ; August 20, 1890 \u2013 March 15, 1937) was an American writer of weird fiction and horror fiction, who is known for his creation of what became the Cthulhu Mythos.Born in Providence, Rhode Island, Lovecraft spent most of his life within New England. He was born into affluence, which ended with the death of his grandfather. In 1913, he wrote a critical letter to a pulp magazine that ultimately led to his involvement in pulp fiction. During the interwar period, he wrote and published stories that focused on his interpretation of humanity's place in the universe. In his view, humanity was an unimportant part of an uncaring cosmos that could be swept away at any moment. These stories also included fantastic elements that represented the perceived fragility of anthropocentrism.\nLovecraft was at the center of a wider body of authors known as \"The Lovecraft Circle.\" This group wrote stories that frequently shared details between them. He was also a prolific writer of letters. He maintained a correspondence with several different authors and literary proteges. According to some estimates, he wrote approximately 100,000 letters over the course of his lifetime. In these letters, he discussed his worldview and his daily life, and tutored younger authors, such as August Derleth, Donald Wandrei, and Robert Bloch.\nThroughout his adult life, Lovecraft was never able to support himself from earnings as an author and editor. He was virtually unknown during his lifetime and was almost exclusively published in pulp magazines before he died in poverty at the age of 46, but is now regarded as one of the most significant 20th-century authors of supernatural horror fiction. Among his most celebrated tales are \"The Call of Cthulhu\", \"The Rats in the Walls\", At the Mountains of Madness, The Shadow over Innsmouth, and The Shadow Out of Time. His writings are the basis of the Cthulhu Mythos, which has inspired a large body of pastiches, games, music and other media drawing on Lovecraft's characters, setting and themes, constituting a wider subgenre known as Lovecraftian horror.", "Q492537": "Dramaturgy is the study of dramatic composition and the representation of the main elements of drama on the stage.\nThe term first appears in the eponymous work Hamburg Dramaturgy (1767\u201369) by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. Lessing composed this collection of essays on the principles of drama while working as the world's first dramaturge at the Hamburg National Theatre. Dramaturgy is distinct from play writing and directing, although the three may be practiced by one individual. Some dramatists combine writing and dramaturgy when creating a drama. Others work with a specialist, called a dramaturge, to adapt a work for the stage.\nDramaturgy may also be broadly defined as \"adapting a story to actable form.\" Dramaturgy gives a performance work foundation and structure. Often the dramaturge's strategy is to manipulate a narrative to reflect the current Zeitgeist through cross-cultural signs, theater- and film-historical references to genre, ideology, role of gender representation etc. in the dramatization.", "Q156796": "Michelle Ingrid Williams (born September 9, 1980) is an American actress. She is particularly known for her roles in small-scale independent productions with dark or tragic themes. She is the recipient of several accolades, including two Golden Globe Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award, in addition to nominations for four Academy Awards and one Tony Award.\nBorn to the politician and trader Larry R. Williams, she was raised in Kalispell and San Diego. She began her career at a young age with television guest appearances and made her film debut in the family film Lassie (1994). At 15, she gained emancipation from her parents, and soon achieved recognition for her leading role in the television teen drama series Dawson's Creek (1998\u20132003). This was followed by low-profile films, before her breakthrough role in the romantic drama Brokeback Mountain (2005), in which her performance as the wife of a gay man earned Williams her first Academy Award nomination.\nWilliams went on to gain critical acclaim for playing emotionally troubled women coping with loss or loneliness in the independent dramas Wendy and Lucy (2008), Blue Valentine (2010), and Manchester by the Sea (2016). She won two Golden Globes for portraying Marilyn Monroe in the drama My Week with Marilyn (2011) and Gwen Verdon in the miniseries Fosse/Verdon (2019), in addition to a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress for the latter. Her highest-grossing releases came with the thriller Shutter Island (2010), the fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful (2013), the musical The Greatest Showman (2017), and the superhero film Venom (2018). On Broadway, she starred in revivals of the musical Cabaret in 2014 and the drama Blackbird in 2016, for which she received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play.\nWilliams is an advocate for equal pay. She is reticent about her personal life; she has a daughter from her relationship with the late actor Heath Ledger, and was briefly married to the musician Phil Elverum.", "Q3037066": "Hessy Doris Lloyd (3 July 1891 \u2013 21 May 1968) was an English-American actress of screen and stage. She is perhaps best known for her roles in The Time Machine (1960) and The Sound of Music (1965). During her career, Lloyd appeared in two Academy-Award winners and four other nominees.", "Q366821": "David Cubitt (born 18 March 1965) is an English-born Canadian television actor.\nBorn in England in 1965 to a Dutch mother, Jette, and an English father, David, he moved with his parents to Vancouver, British Columbia when he was six months old. He studied at Studio 58 there. He has starred in the Canadian series Traders and the American series Robbery Homicide Division.\nHe appeared as Det. Lee Scanlon in the NBC series Medium. He first appeared in season 1 and appeared until the show was cancelled. He appeared in the NBC disaster miniseries 10.5 and 10.5: Apocalypse, and made his film debut in Alive: The Miracle of the Andes (1993), co-starring Ethan Hawke.", "Q971225": "Gaspar Jes\u00fas Melchor Flores Mag\u00f3n (6 January 1871 \u2013 7 December 1930) was a Mexican politician, journalist, and jurist. The more moderate brother of Ricardo and Enrique Flores Mag\u00f3n, he served in the cabinet of Francisco I. Madero.", "Q115863": "Diebold Schilling the Elder (c. 1445\u20131485) was the author of several of the Swiss illustrated chronicles, the \"Berner Schilling of 1483, the \"Spiezer Schilling\" (1480s), and the \"Z\u00fcrcher Schilling\" of 1484. \nHe worked in Lucerne as a chancellor. In 1460, he moved to Berne for a post as a scribe to the city council. He was to some extent hostile towards the European powers who needed a lot of Swiss mercenaries: this could only bring internal troubles after the Burgundy wars.", "Q57300": "Bamir Myrteza Topi (Albanian: [ba\u02c8mi\u027e \u02c8t\u0254pi] (listen); born 24 April 1957) is an Albanian diplomat and politician. He served as President of Albania from 2007 to 2012.\nNamely, Topi was also the honorary President of Albanian football club, KF Tirana from 2005 to 2007. In September 2012, Topi became the leader of the New Democratic Spirit party.\n\n", "Q2495519": "Utica ( (listen)) is a city in the Mohawk Valley and the county seat of Oneida County, New York, United States. The tenth-most-populous city in New York, its population was 62,235 in the 2010 U.S. census. Located on the Mohawk River at the foot of the Adirondack Mountains, Utica is approximately 95 miles (153 kilometers) northwest of Albany, 55 mi (89 km) east of Syracuse and 240 mi (386 km) northwest of New York City. Utica and the nearby city of Rome anchor the Utica\u2013Rome Metropolitan Statistical Area, which comprises all of Oneida and Herkimer counties.\nFormerly a river settlement inhabited by the Mohawk tribe of the Iroquois Confederacy, Utica attracted European-American settlers from New England during and after the American Revolution. In the 19th century, immigrants strengthened its position as a layover city between Albany and Syracuse on the Erie and Chenango Canals and the New York Central Railroad. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the city's infrastructure contributed to its success as a manufacturing center and defined its role as a worldwide hub for the textile industry. Utica's 20th-century political corruption and organized crime gave it the nickname \"Sin City.\"Like other Rust Belt cities, Utica underwent an economic downturn beginning in the mid-20th century. The downturn consisted of industrial decline due to globalization and the closure of textile mills, population loss caused by the relocation of jobs and businesses to suburbs and to Syracuse, and poverty associated with socioeconomic stress and a depressed tax base. With its low cost of living, the city has become a melting pot for refugees from war-torn countries around the world, encouraging growth for its colleges and universities, cultural institutions and economy.", "Q58033": "Else Lasker-Sch\u00fcler (11 February 1869 \u2013 22 January 1945) was a German Jewish poet and playwright famous for her bohemian lifestyle in Berlin and her unique poetic genius. She was one of the few women affiliated with the Expressionist movement. Lasker-Sch\u00fcler fled Nazi Germany and lived out the rest of her life in Jerusalem.", "Q1022574": "William Dale Fries Jr. (born November 15, 1928) is an American singer, activist and politician best known by his stage name C. W. McCall and for his truck-themed outlaw country songs. While most of the songs tended to be humorous or amusing, even reaching into what could be termed the \"novelty\" category, some also had serious commentary rooted in the environmental conservation and protection issues of their day. Historic western U.S. places or events were another frequent subject, while some others were written to reflect patriotic themes or as commentary on the political climate of the times during which they were released.", "Q3104": "Koblenz (German: [\u02c8ko\u02d0bl\u025bnts] (listen); French: Coblence), spelled Coblenz before 1926, is a German city situated on both banks of the Rhine where it is joined by the Moselle.\nKoblenz was established as a Roman military post by Drusus around 8 B.C. Its name originates from the Latin (ad) c\u014dnfluent\u0113s, meaning \"(at the) confluence\" of the two rivers. The actual confluence is today known as the \"German Corner\", a symbol of the unification of Germany that features an equestrian statue of Emperor William I. The city celebrated its 2000th anniversary in 1992.\nAfter Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, it is the third-largest city in Rhineland-Palatinate, with a population of around 112,000 (2015). Koblenz lies in the Rhineland.\n\n", "Q123309": "Matthias Brandt (born 7 October 1961) is a German actor. He has appeared in more than seventy films since 1989.\nBrandt is the youngest of the three sons of former German chancellor Willy Brandt and his Norwegian-born wife Rut.\n\n", "Q15274445": "Saint Martin's School of Art was an art college in London, England. It offered foundation and degree level courses. It was established in 1854, initially under the aegis of the church of St Martin-in-the-Fields. Saint Martin's became part of the London Institute in 1986, and in 1989 merged with the Central School of Art and Design to form Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design.", "Q238791": "\"Baby Face\" Leroy Foster (February 1, 1923 \u2013 May 26, 1958) was an American blues singer, drummer and guitarist, active in Chicago from the mid-1940s until the late 1950s. He was a significant figure in the development of the postwar electric Chicago blues sound, notably as a member of the Muddy Waters band during its formative years.", "Q313266": "John William DiMaggio (; born September 4, 1968) is an American actor and voice actor. His voice features as Bender on Futurama, some characters on The Mr. Men Show, Jake the Dog on Adventure Time, Marcus Fenix in the Gears of War series, Dr. Drakken on Kim Possible, Scotsman on Samurai Jack, Brother Blood on Teen Titans, Shnitzel on Chowder, Hammerhead and Sandman on The Spectacular Spider-Man, Aquaman on Batman: The Brave and the Bold and King Z\u00f8g on the Netflix series Disenchantment.\n\n", "Q174251": "Ch\u00e2teauroux (French pronunciation: [\u0283ato\u0281u] (listen)) is the capital of the Indre department in central France and the second-largest town in the province of Berry, after Bourges. Its residents are called Castelroussins.", "Q737127": "TsNIIMash (Russian: \u0426\u041d\u0418\u0418\u043c\u0430\u0448) is a Russian rocket and spacecraft scientific center, dealing with all phases of development from conceptual design to flight test. It specializes in the development of long range ballistic missiles, air defense missiles, and propulsion units the defense industry. It was established in 1946.The name TsNIIMash is an initialism for Central Research Institute of Machine Building (Russian: \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f).", "Q251727": "Milvignes is a municipality in the district of Boudry in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland. It was formed on January 1, 2013 by merging the former municipalities Auvernier, B\u00f4le and Colombier.", "Q95055": "Jane Wyman (WY-MEN; born Sarah Jane Mayfield; January 5, 1917 \u2013 September 10, 2007) was an American actress, singer, dancer, and philanthropist. Her career spanned more than seven decades. She was the winner of the Academy Award for Best Actress for the 1948 film Johnny Belinda. She was also the first wife of actor Ronald Reagan (later the 40th president of the United States). They married in 1940 and divorced in 1949. Wyman's professional career began at age 16 in 1933, when she signed with Warner Bros. Wyman followed common practice at the time when she added three years to her age. A popular contract player, she frequently played the leading lady, her roles including starring alongside William Hopper in Public Wedding (1937), Ronald Reagan and Eddie Albert in Brother Rat (1938) and its sequel Brother Rat and a Baby (1940), Dennis Morgan in Bad Men of Missouri (1941), Marlene Dietrich in Stage Fright (1950), and Sterling Hayden in So Big (1953). She was also featured opposite Rock Hudson in Magnificent Obsession (1954) and All That Heaven Allows (1955), both directed by Douglas Sirk. She was a three-time winner of a Golden Globe Award. She achieved continuing success in the television soap opera Falcon Crest (1981\u20131990), in which Wyman played the lead role of villainous matriarch Angela Channing.", "Q1430387": "Floyd Standifer (1929\u20132007) was an American jazz musician who helped establish the jazz music scene in Seattle. He played tenor saxophone and trumpet, sang, and was bandleader of the Floyd Standifer Quartet. He was born in Wilmington, North Carolina on January 3, 1929. He died in Seattle, Washington on January 22, 2007 at Virginia Mason Hospital. Standifer was 78 years of age at the time of his death.Born in 1929, Standifer moved to Oregon in 1936 with his parents. His father was an African Methodist Episcopal Zion preacher and a his mother schoolteacher. Standifer had four siblings and lived on a farm near Gresham, Oregon. He played the tuba in high school and taught himself to play saxophone and trumpet. In 1937, he played drums for a Works Progress Administration band in Portland.In 1946, when his father was transferred to a church in Seattle, Standifer enrolled at the University of Washington to study physics. His academic career did not last long. He began playing jazz with other young musicians, including Quincy Jones and Ray Charles, as well as singer Ernestine Anderson and bassist Buddy Catlett, who played with the Count Basie Orchestra.In 1959, he joined a big band tour of Europe, organized by Jones and featuring Catlett and pianist Patti Bown, also from Seattle. He played at and composed a jazz liturgy, \"Postlude,\" for the Seattle world's fair and later recorded two albums, How Do You Keep the Music Playing and Scotch and Soda. Later in his career, he played at the Pampas Club and New Orleans Creole Restaurant, performed with the Seattle Repertory Jazz Orchestra, and was included in the Seattle Jazz Hall of Fame. The city of Seattle proclaimed May 9, 1996 and October 20, 2000 \"Floyd Standifer Day.\" He was honored by two Mayors for his musical accomplishments and contributions to the city. Mayor Paul Schell honored him at Earshot Jazz Festival.Standifer was also a teacher. He taught at Cornish College of the Arts, the University of Washington, Olympic College in Bremerton, and the Northwest School. He also spoke to and performed for thousands of local students as part of Earshot's \"Roots of Jazz\" series.He died in Seattle, Washington in 2007.", "Q935301": "Georges Sadoul (4 February 1904 \u2013 13 October 1967) was a French journalist and cinema writer.Once a surrealist, he became a communist in 1932. He was a journalist of the Lettres Fran\u00e7aises.He is the author of l'Histoire g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du cin\u00e9ma, a comprehensive work on world cinema. He produced an important work on the filmmaker Georges M\u00e9li\u00e8s.\nSadoul was born in Nancy. He was trained at the Sorbonne and the IDHEC, a French cinema school.\nHe is known for writing encyclopedias of film and filmmakers, many of which have been translated into English.\nHe died in Paris at the age of sixty three.", "Q241252": "Alexei Fyodorovich Lvov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432) (June 5, 1799 \u2013 December 28, 1870) was a Russian composer. He composed the imperial Russian national anthem Bozhe, tsarya khrani (also known as God Save the Tsar). He wrote the opera Undine in 1846. He was entombed in the Pa\u017eaislis Monastery, Kaunas (Lithuania).", "Q727452": "Rossiya Airlines OJSC (Russian: \u0410\u041e \u00ab\u0410\u0432\u0438\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u201e\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f\u201c\u00bb, tr. AO \u00abAviakompaniya \u201eRossiya\u201c\u00bb), sometimes branded as Rossiya\u2014Russian Airlines (Russian: \u00ab\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb, tr. \u00abRossiya \u2014 Rossyskiye avialinii\u00bb), is a Russian airline headquartered in Saint Petersburg with its hub at Pulkovo Airport with an additional hub at Vnukovo International Airport in Moscow. Rossiya is majority (75%) owned by Aeroflot.\n\n", "Q986875": "Chhoti Sadri is a town and a municipality in Pratapgarh district in the state of Rajasthan, India. It is situated near Neemuch on the Ajmer-Khandwa railway line.\nThis place was famous for a temple of Devi built in the 5th century AD. This temple is now known as Bhavar Mata Ji just 3 km away from the center of the city. Initially known as the City of Gold (Swarna Nagari), Chhotisadri has been gradually developed in an urban area with a Panchayat Samiti and a Nagar Palika, though the city doesn't figure in the Indian Railways Map yet.", "Q365496": "Joseph Roberts \"Joey\" Smallwood, (December 24, 1900 \u2013 December 17, 1991) was a Newfoundlander and Canadian politician. He was the main force who brought the Dominion of Newfoundland into the Canadian Confederation in 1949, becoming the first premier of Newfoundland, serving until 1972. As premier, he vigorously promoted economic development, championed the welfare state, and emphasized modernization of education and transportation. Smallwood was a socialist in philosophy, noting in a 1974 documentary that he considered the People's Republic of China to be the ideal social state; he would nonetheless collaborate with bankers, turning against the multiple unions that sponsored numerous strikes. The results of his efforts to promote industrialization were mixed, with the most favourable results in hydroelectricity, iron mining and paper mills.\nSmallwood was charismatic and controversial. Never shy, he dubbed himself \"the last Father of Confederation\". While many Canadians today remember Smallwood as the man who brought Newfoundland into the Canadian Confederation, the opinions held by Newfoundlanders and their diaspora remain sharply divided as to his legacy.\n\n", "Q17042": "Oakland is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. A major West Coast port city, Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the third largest city overall in the San Francisco Bay Area, the eighth most populated city in California, and the 45th most populated city in the United States. With a population of 428,827 as of 2018, it serves as a trade center for the San Francisco Bay Area; its Port of Oakland is the busiest port in the San Francisco Bay, the entirety of Northern California, and the fifth busiest in the United States of America. An act to incorporate the city was passed on May 4, 1852, and incorporation was later approved on March 25, 1854, which officially made Oakland a city. Oakland is a charter city.Oakland's territory covers what was once a mosaic of California coastal terrace prairie, oak woodland, and north coastal scrub. Its land served as a rich resource when its hillside oak and redwood timber were logged to build San Francisco. Oakland's fertile flatland soils helped it become a prolific agricultural region. In the late 1860s, Oakland was selected as the western terminal of the Transcontinental Railroad. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, many San Francisco citizens moved to Oakland, enlarging the city's population, increasing its housing stock, and improving its infrastructure. It continued to grow in the 20th century with its busy port, shipyards, and a thriving automobile manufacturing industry.", "Q2062366": "Saint Tydfil (Welsh: Tudful; martyred c.\u2009480) is the legendary dedicatee of Merthyr Tydfil, Wales.According to legend, Tydfil was the twenty-third daughter of Brychan, king of Brycheiniog, by his fourth wife. She was murdered with her brother Rhu in Merthyr Tydfil, by either Welsh or Saxon pagans, and buried in the town. Her holy well Ffrynnon Dudfel, seems to have disappeared.\nLlysworney Church in the Vale of Glamorgan is dedicated to this female saint, as was a chape of Llantwit Major until it was given to the Abbey of Tewkesbury.\n\n", "Q206119": "Marcus Terentius Varro (Latin pronunciation: [\u02c8mark\u028as t\u025b\u02c8r\u025bnt\u026a\u028as \u02c8war\u02d0o]; 116\u201327 BC) was an ancient Roman scholar and writer. He is sometimes called Varro Reatinus (Latin pronunciation: ['war\u02d0o r\u025ba\u02c8ti\u02d0n\u028as]) to distinguish him from his younger contemporary Varro Atacinus.", "Q1931376": "Marion Lee \"Mickey\" Thompson (December 7, 1928 \u2013 March 16, 1988) was an American auto racing builder and promoter.\nA hot rodder since his youth, Thompson increasingly pursued land speed records in his late 20s and early 30s. He achieved international fame in 1960, when he became the first American to break the 400-mph barrier, driving his Challenger 1 to a one-way top speed of 406.60 mph at the Bonneville Salt Flats and surpassing John Cobb's one-way world record mark of 402 mph.\nThompson then turned to racing, winning many track and dragster championships. In the 1960s, he also entered cars at the Indianapolis 500. Later, he formed off-road racing sanctioning bodies SCORE International and Mickey Thompson Entertainment Group (MTEG).\nIn 1988, Thompson and his wife Trudy were mysteriously gunned down at their home in Bradbury, California. The crime remained unsolved until 2007, when a former business partner was convicted of having orchestrated the murders.", "Q283107": "Charles the Younger or Charles of Ingelheim (c. 772 \u2013 4 December 811) was a member of the Carolingian dynasty, the second son of Charlemagne and the first by his second wife, Hildegard of Swabia and brother of Louis the Pious and Pepin Carloman. When Charlemagne divided his empire among his sons, his son Charles was designated King of the Franks.", "Q1684856": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois St\u00e9venin (French: [stevn\u025b\u0303]; born 23 April 1944) is a French actor and filmmaker. He has appeared in 150 films and television shows since 1968. He starred in the film Cold Moon, which was entered into the 1991 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q1272489": "Ralph Michael Ineson (born 15 December 1969) is an English actor. Known for his deep, rumbling voice, his most notable roles include William in The Witch, Dagmer Cleftjaw in Game of Thrones, Amycus Carrow in the last three Harry Potter films, Donald Bamford in the BBC drama series Goodnight Sweetheart, and Chris Finch in the BBC sitcom The Office.", "Q188954": "Eric Steven Raymond (born December 4, 1957), often referred to as ESR, is an American software developer, open-source software advocate, and author of the 1997 essay and 1999 book The Cathedral and the Bazaar. He wrote a guidebook for the Roguelike game NetHack. In the 1990s, he edited and updated the Jargon File, currently in print as The New Hacker's Dictionary.", "Q162355": "James Francis Miller (August 1, 1830 \u2013 July 3, 1902) was an American politician who represented Texas in the United States House of Representatives from 1883\u20131886.\nMiller was born in Winnsboro, South Carolina. He moved with his parents to Texas in 1842 where he attended public schools and Reutersville College. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1857, and commenced practice in Gonzales, Texas.\nDuring the American Civil War, Miller enlisted as a private in Company I, Eighth Texas Cavalry, better known as \"Terry's Texas Rangers,\" and served throughout the Civil War. After the war, he resumed the practice of law in Gonzales, Texas. In addition, he also engaged in banking and stock raising.\nMiller was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1883 \u2013 March 3, 1887). In Congress, he served as chairman, Committee on Banking and Currency (Forty-ninth Congress). He declined renomination to the Fiftieth Congress. After leaving Congress, he resumed former pursuits. He was elected as first president of the Texas Bankers' Association in 1885. He died in Gonzales, Texas in 1902 and is buried in Masonic Cemetery.", "Q127609": "Bernard Etxepare (pronounced [ber\u02c8nart e\u02c8t\u0283epa\u027ee]) was a Basque writer of the 16th century, most famous for a collection of poems titled Lingu\u00e6 Vasconum Primiti\u00e6 (\"First Fruits of the Basque Language\") he published in 1545, the first book to be published in the Basque language.", "Q14085739": "The sport of sailing involves a variety of competitive sailing formats that are sanctioned through various sailing federations and yacht clubs. Racing disciplines include matches within a fleet of sailing craft, between a pair thereof or among teams. Additionally, there are specialized competitions that include setting speed records. Racing formats include both closed courses and point-to-point contests; they may be in sheltered waters, coast-wise or on the open ocean. Most competitions are held within defined classes or ratings that either entail one type of sailing craft to ensure a contest primarily of skill or rating the sailing craft to create classifications or handicaps.\nOn water, a sailing competition among multiple vessels is a regatta, which usually consists of multiple individual races, where the boat crew that performs best in over the series of races is the overall winner. There is a broad variety of kinds of races and sailboats used for racing from large yacht to dinghy racing. Much racing is done around buoys or similar marks in protected waters, while some longer offshore races cross open water. All kinds of boats are used for racing, including small dinghies, catamarans, boats designed primarily for cruising, and purpose-built raceboats. The Racing Rules of Sailing govern the conduct of yacht racing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, model boat racing, dinghy racing and virtually any other form of racing around a course with more than one vessel while powered by the wind.", "Q448993": "George A. Cowan (; February 15, 1920 \u2013 April 20, 2012) was an American physical chemist, a businessman and philanthropist.", "Q514034": "Billy Powell (June 3, 1952 \u2013 January 28, 2009) was an American musician and a longtime keyboardist of Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from 1972 until his death in 2009.", "Q1973145": "Federal Records was an American record label founded in 1950 as a subsidiary of Syd Nathan's King Records and based in Cincinnati, Ohio. It was run by famed record producer Ralph Bass and was mainly devoted to Rhythm & Blues releases. The company also released hillbilly and rockabilly recordings from 1951 onward, e.g., \"Rockin' and Rollin\" by Ramblin' Tommy Scott on Federal 10003. Singles were published on both 45 and 78 rpm speed formats.\nFederal issued such classics as The Dominoes' \"Sixty Minute Man\", and \"Have Mercy Baby\" as well as Hank Ballard & The Midnighters' \"Work With Me, Annie\" which was opposed immediately by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) but went on to be an enormous hit.James Brown was touring with The Famous Flames when they were signed to Federal in 1956. The group's first Federal single, \"Please, Please, Please,\" was a regional hit and eventually sold a million copies.Between 1962 and 1965 Freddie King, one of the three Blues \"kings\" (Freddie, B.B. and Albert), released a series of albums, mostly instrumentals, for Federal.\nJohnny \"Guitar\" Watson was another artist on Federal Records.", "Q287361": "Heinrich Theodor R\u00f6tscher (20 September 1803 \u2013 9 April 1871) was a German theatre critic and theorist.", "Q1241043": "Robert Stevenson Horne, 1st Viscount Horne of Slamannan, (28 February 1871 \u2013 3 September 1940) was a Scottish businessman, advocate and Unionist politician. He served under David Lloyd George as Minister of Labour between 1919 and 1920, as President of the Board of Trade between 1920 and 1921 and as Chancellor of the Exchequer between 1921 and 1922. In 1937 he was ennobled as Viscount Horne of Slamannan.", "Q1827266": "Lionel Newman (January 4, 1916 \u2013 February 3, 1989) was an American conductor, pianist, and film and television composer. He won the Academy Award for Best Score of a Musical Picture for Hello Dolly! with Lennie Hayton in 1969. He is the brother of Alfred Newman and Emil Newman, uncle of composers Randy Newman, David Newman, Thomas Newman, Maria Newman, and grandfather of Joey Newman. His 11 nominations contribute to the Newmans being the most nominated Academy Award extended family, with a collective 92 nominations in various music categories.", "Q370925": "Daly City () is the largest city in San Mateo County, California, United States, with an estimated 2018 population of 107,008. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area, and immediately south of San Francisco, it is named in honor of businessman and landowner John Donald Daly.", "Q90893": "Ekkehard Schall (29 May 1930 in Magdeburg \u2013 3 September 2005 in Berlin) was a German stage and screen actor/director.\nHe was one of the best-known interpreters of Brecht's works and together with Helene Weigel a member of the Berliner Ensemble.", "Q358065": "Schlitzie (alternatively spelled Schlitze or Shlitze; September 10, 1901 \u2013 September 24, 1971), possibly born Simon Metz and legally Schlitze Surtees, was an American sideshow performer. He also appeared in a few films, and is best known for his role in the 1932 movie Freaks. His lifelong career on the outdoor entertainment circuit as a major sideshow attraction with Barnum & Bailey, among others, made him a popular cultural icon.", "Q43407": "Shandong (\u5c71\u4e1c; alternately romanized as Shantung) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the East China region.Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It has served as a pivotal cultural and religious center for Taoism, Chinese Buddhism and Confucianism. Shandong's Mount Tai is the most revered mountain of Taoism and one of the world's sites with the longest history of continuous religious worship. The Buddhist temples in the mountains to the south of the provincial capital of Jinan were once among the foremost Buddhist sites in China. The city of Qufu is the birthplace of Confucius, and was later established as the center of Confucianism.\nShandong's location at the intersection of ancient as well as modern north\u2013south and east\u2013west trading routes have helped to establish it as an economic center. After a period of political instability and economic hardship that began in the late 19th century, Shandong has emerged as one of the most populous (99,470,000 inhabitants at the 2016 Census) and affluent provinces in the People's Republic of China, with a GDP of CNY\u00a57.65 trillion in 2018, or USD$1.156 trillion, making it China's third wealthiest province.", "Q715392": "Donald Poe Galloway (July 27, 1937 \u2013 January 8, 2009) was an American stage, film and television actor, best known for his role as Detective Sergeant Ed Brown in the long-running crime drama series Ironside (1967\u201375). He reprised the role for a made-for-TV film in 1993. He was also a politically active Libertarian and journalist.", "Q937502": "Gerardo Hern\u00e1n Matos Rodr\u00edguez (March 28, 1897 \u2013 April 25, 1948) Montevideo, Uruguay, also known as Becho, was a Uruguayan musician, composer and journalist. Becho was not attributed to this Uruguayan musician. The term Becho is given to another Uruguayan violinist. A song is written about him and sung by Alfredo Zitarrosa: Carlos Julio Eizmendi\nUruguayan Violinist.", "Q311303": "Adrian Pasdar (born April 30, 1965) is an American actor and voice artist. He is known for playing Jim Profit on the TV series Profit, for his roles in Near Dark, Carlito's Way, Mysterious Ways and as Nathan Petrelli on Heroes. Additionally, he directed the feature film Cement. Pasdar is the voice of Iron Man in Marvel Anime as well as in the animated series Ultimate Spider-Man and Avengers Assemble. He also played district attorney Alec Rybak on The Lying Game and had a recurring role as Glenn Talbot on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.. He has appeared on the American TV drama Grand Hotel as Felix.", "Q833016": "Tacuaremb\u00f3 (Spanish pronunciation: [ta.kwa.\u027eem\u02c8bo]) is the capital city of the Tacuaremb\u00f3 Department in north-central Uruguay.\n\n", "Q976238": "Mom\u010dilo \"Momo\" Kapor (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041c\u043e\u043c\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e \u041c\u043e\u043c\u043e \u041a\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0440; 8 April 1937 \u2013 3 March 2010) was a Serbian novelist and painter.He authored several screenplays, over forty novels, short stories, travel and autobiographic books and essays. He was introduced to the literary circles as the author of radio, TV and theater drama at the beginning of the sixties. His books have been translated to twenty languages. The shorts stories collection Kinoteka at three and novels The Green Felt of Montenegro and The Last Flight to Sarajevo were published in French by L'Age d'homme in Lausanne while The Mastery of \u0160lomovi\u0107 was published by Xenie in Vevey.\nHis paintings were exhibited in New York, Boston, Geneva, Frankfurt, London and other cities. He was also known as an illustrator, illustrating his own and numerous books by other authors. He was a regular member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Republika Srpska.", "Q298255": "Rob Zombie (born Robert Bartleh Cummings; January 12, 1965) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, programmer, voice actor, and filmmaker. He is a founding member of the heavy metal band White Zombie, releasing four studio albums with the band. He is the older brother of Spider One, lead vocalist for American industrial metal band Powerman 5000.Zombie's first solo effort was a 1996 song titled \"Hands of Death (Burn Baby Burn)\", written and performed with Alice Cooper, which went on to receive a nomination for Best Metal Performance at the 39th Annual Grammy Awards. In 1997, he began working on his debut solo studio album, Hellbilly Deluxe, which was released in August 1998. A month later, Zombie officially disbanded White Zombie. Hellbilly Deluxe went on to sell over three million copies worldwide and spawned three singles. Zombie directed the horror film House of 1000 Corpses in 2000, though the controversial project was not released until 2003. His second studio album, The Sinister Urge (2001), became his second platinum album in the United States.\nZombie directed The Devil's Rejects (2005), a direct sequel to his prior film House of 1000 Corpses. The project received a more positive reception than its predecessor. His third studio album, Educated Horses (2006), was a departure from his earlier recordings. The album became his third to enter the top ten of the Billboard 200, though saw a decrease in sales when compared to his previous releases. Deciding to focus on his directing career, Zombie directed the horror film Halloween (2007), a remake of the 1978 horror classic of the same name. The film became Zombie's highest-grossing film to date, though was met with a generally negative critical reception. He later directed Halloween II (2009), which failed to match the success of its predecessor. He released the animated film The Haunted World of El Superbeasto that same year. Zombie returned to music with the release of his fourth studio album, Hellbilly Deluxe 2 (2010). The album peaked at number eight in the United States and sold over 200,000 copies in the country.\nIn 2012, Zombie released a second remix album and directed the horror film The Lords of Salem, which was released the following year. He released his fifth studio album Venomous Rat Regeneration Vendor the following year (2013). He directed the horror film 31.\nSince the beginning of his music career, Zombie's music and lyrics have featured notable horror and sci-fi themes. His live shows have been praised for their elaborate shock rock theatricality. Since beginning his solo career, Zombie has sold an estimated fifteen million albums worldwide.\n\n", "Q1077549": "Christopher Messina (born August 11, 1974) is an American actor and film director. He has appeared in supporting roles in films such as Vicky Cristina Barcelona, Argo, Julie & Julia, Ruby Sparks, Celeste and Jesse Forever, and You've Got Mail. He starred in the film The Giant Mechanical Man. On television, he appeared in roles as Chris Sanchez in Damages, Reese Lansing in The Newsroom and as Danny Castellano in The Mindy Project, the latter of which earned him two nominations for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series.", "Q120172": "Robert Tr\u00f6sch (25 November 1911 \u2013 14 January 1986) was a Swiss actor.", "Q255233": "Faegheh Atashin (Persian: \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0647 \u0622\u062a\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200e, born 5 May 1950), better known by her stage name Googoosh (Persian: \u06af\u0648\u06af\u0648\u0634\u200e; also romanized as G\u016bg\u016bsh; Persian pronunciation: [gu\u02d0\u02c8gu\u02d0\u0283]), is an Iranian singer and actress, and one of Iran's most popular and enduring entertainers, whose career spans over 60 years. Googoosh has enjoyed significant popularity since the beginning of her career, ultimately becoming a cultural icon inside Iran and abroad.She is mainly known for her contributions to Iranian pop music, but she has also starred in a variety of Persian movies from the 1950s to the 1970s. She achieved the pinnacle of her fame and success towards the end of the 1970s. In the 1970s, Googoosh was widely emulated by Iranian women, as they copied her clothing (miniskirts) and her short haircut (known as the \u201cGoogooshy\u201d). Following the Iranian Revolution in 1979, she remained in Tehran until 2000 and did not perform again due to the ban on female singers. Younger generations of Iranians have rediscovered her music via bootleg recordings. After leaving Iran in 2000, she performed a total of 27 concerts in European and North American countries in that year. Recent projects include a new collaboration with Iranian singer-songwriter Hassan Shamaizadeh from her 2012 album Ejaz, as well as serving as head judge and head of academy for the popular reality show Googoosh Music Academy broadcast on London-based satellite channel Manoto 1.Since her return to the stage in the summer of 2000, she has performed in concerts and venues all around the world, including the Madison Square Garden in New York, the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, and The Royal Albert Hall in London. She has recorded songs in many languages including Persian, Azerbaijani, Turkish, English, Spanish, Italian, Arabic, Armenian and French. She has a significant following outside of Iran and has even received the attention of European and African media and press. Her overall impact and contributions to Iranian pop music made her the most iconic female pop singer in the Persian speaking world.", "Q484427": "The Cure are an English rock band formed in Crawley, West Sussex, in 1978. The band members have changed several times, with guitarist, lead vocalist and songwriter Robert Smith the only constant member. The band's debut album was Three Imaginary Boys (1979) and this, along with several early singles, placed the band in the post-punk and new wave movements that had sprung up in the wake of the punk rock revolution in the United Kingdom. Beginning with their second album, Seventeen Seconds (1980), the band adopted a new, increasingly dark and tormented style, which, together with Smith's stage look, had a strong influence on the emerging genre of gothic rock as well as the subculture which eventually formed around the genre.\nFollowing the release of the album Pornography in 1982, the band's future was uncertain. Smith was keen to move past the gloomy reputation his band had acquired, introducing a greater pop sensibility into the band's music. Songs such as \"Let's Go to Bed\" (1982), \"Just Like Heaven\" (1987), \"Lovesong\" (1989), and \"Friday I'm in Love\" (1992) aided the band in receiving commercial popularity. The band have released 13 studio albums, two EPs and over 30 singles to date.\nThe Cure were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2019.\n\n", "Q45076": "Mikhail Vladimirovich Myasnikovich (Belarusian: \u041c\u0456\u0445\u0430\u0456\u0301\u043b \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0456\u0301\u043c\u0456\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u041c\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0456\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0456\u0447, tr. Michail Uladzimiravi\u010d Miasnikovi\u010d, Belarusian pronunciation: [m\u02b2ixail ulad\u0361z\u02b2im\u02b2irav\u02b2it\u0361\u0283 m\u02b2asn\u02b2ikov\u02b2it\u0361\u0283]; Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0301\u043b \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447; born 6 May 1950) is a Belarusian politician who was Prime Minister of Belarus from 2010 to 2014. He has been the Speaker of the Council of the Republic since 2014.\n\n", "Q318441": "Shogh\u00ed Effend\u00ed Rabb\u00e1n\u00ed (1 March 1897 \u2013 4 November 1957), better known as Shoghi Effendi (), was the Guardian and appointed head of the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed Faith from 1921 until his death in 1957. Shoghi Effendi spent his early life in \u02bbAkk\u00e1 (Acre). His education was directed to serving as secretary and translator to his grandfather, \u02bbAbdu'l-Bah\u00e1, then leader of the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed Faith and son of the religion's founder, Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h.\nAfter the death of \u02bbAbdu'l-Bah\u00e1 in 1921, the leadership of the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed community changed from that of a single individual to an administrative order with executive and legislative branches, the head of each being the Guardianship and the Universal House of Justice, respectively. Shoghi Effendi was referred to as the Guardian, and had the authority to interpret the writings of the three central figures of the religion and define the sphere of legislative authority. His writings are effectively limited to commentaries on the works of the central figures, and broad directives for the future.\nFuture hereditary Guardians were permitted in the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed scripture by appointment from one to the next with the prerequisite that appointees be male descendants of Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h. At the time of Shoghi Effendi's death, all living male descendants of Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h had been declared Covenant-breakers by either \u02bbAbdu'l-Bah\u00e1 or Shoghi Effendi, leaving no suitable living candidates. Shoghi Effendi died without appointing a successor Guardian, and the Universal House of Justice, the only institution authorized to adjudicate on situations not covered in scripture, later announced that it could not legislate to make possible the appointment of a successor to Shoghi Effendi. Shoghi Effendi was the first and last person acknowledged as Guardian of the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed Faith.", "Q1061": "Gujarat (, Gujarati: [\u02c8\u0261ud\u0292\u0259\u027e\u0251t] (listen)) is a state on the western coast of India with a coastline of 1,600 km (990 mi) \u2013 most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula \u2013 and a population in excess of 60 million. It is the fifth largest Indian state by area and the ninth largest state by population. Gujarat is bordered by Rajasthan to the northeast, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu to the south, Maharashtra to the southeast, Madhya Pradesh to the east, and the Arabian Sea and the Pakistani province of Sindh to the west. Its capital city is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. The Gujarati-speaking people of India are indigenous to the state. The economy of Gujarat is the fifth-largest state economy in India with \u20b913.14 lakh crore (US$180 billion) in GDP and a per capita GDP of \u20b9174,000 (US$2,400). Gujarat ranks 21st among Indian states in human development index.The state encompasses some sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation, such as Lothal, Dholavira and Gola Dhoro. Lothal is believed to be one of the world's first seaports. Gujarat's coastal cities, chiefly Bharuch and Khambhat, served as ports and trading centres in the Maurya and Gupta empires, and during the succession of royal Saka dynasties from the Western Satraps era. Along with Bihar and Nagaland, Gujarat is one of the three Indian states to prohibit the sale of alcohol. Gir Forest National Park in Gujarat is home of the only wild population of the Asiatic lion in the world.", "Q214509": "August Siemering (1828 \u2013 1883), was a notable German Texan educator, writer, publisher and political leader.\n\n", "Q140686": "The chairperson (also chair, chairman, or chairwoman) is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the group, presides over meetings of the group, and conducts the group's business in an orderly fashion.In some organizations, the chairperson is also known as president (or other title). In others, where a board appoints a president (or other title), the two terms are used for distinctly different positions.", "Q970649": "Juan Gabriel V\u00e1squez (born in Bogot\u00e1 on January 1, 1973) is a Colombian writer, journalist and translator. Regarded as one of the most important Latin American novelists working today, he is the author of seven novels, two volumes of stories and two books of literary essays, as well as hundreds of pages of political commentary. His novel The Sound of Things Falling, published in Spanish in 2011, won the Alfaguara Novel Prize and the 2014 International Dublin Literary Award, among other prizes. In 2012, after sixteen years in Paris, the Belgian Ardennes and Barcelona, V\u00e1squez moved back to Bogot\u00e1. His novels are currently published in 28 languages.", "Q90887": "Oliver Hassencamp (1921\u20131988) was a German writer and actor.", "Q522592": "Damhnait Doyle [DAV-net] (born December 9, 1975 in Labrador City, Newfoundland and Labrador) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. The phonetic spelling of her first name (which is Irish) also serves as the title of her 2003 album. She was a member of Atlantic Canadian band Shaye from 2003\u20132009 with Kim Stockwood and Tara MacLean (2003\u20132007). Along with Blake Manning, Stuart Cameron and Peter Fusco, she formed a new band called The Heartbroken which was active since 2009.", "Q117906": "Johan Philip \"Pilou\" Asb\u00e6k (Danish: [p\u02b0i\u02c8lu \u02c8\u00e6spek]; born 2 March 1982) is a Danish actor. He is known for his role as troubled spin doctor Kasper Juul in the Danish television political drama Borgen, and as Euron Greyjoy in the television series Game of Thrones.\n\n", "Q81752": "Josef Anton Bruckner (German: [\u02c8ant\u0254n \u02c8b\u0281\u028akn\u0250] (listen); (1824-09-04)4 September 1824 \u2013 (1896-10-11)11 October 1896) was an Austrian composer, organist, and music theorist best known for his symphonies, masses, Te Deum and motets. The first are considered emblematic of the final stage of Austro-German Romanticism because of their rich harmonic language, strongly polyphonic character, and considerable length. Bruckner's compositions helped to define contemporary musical radicalism, owing to their dissonances, unprepared modulations, and roving harmonies.\nUnlike other musical radicals such as Richard Wagner and Hugo Wolf, Bruckner showed extreme humility before other musicians, Wagner in particular. This apparent dichotomy between Bruckner the person and Bruckner the composer hampers efforts to describe his life in a way that gives a straightforward context for his music. Hans von B\u00fclow described him as \"half genius, half simpleton\". Bruckner was critical of his own work and often reworked his compositions. There are several versions of many of his works.\nHis works, the symphonies in particular, had detractors, most notably the influential Austrian critic Eduard Hanslick, and other supporters of Johannes Brahms who pointed to their large size and use of repetition, as well as to Bruckner's propensity for revising many of his works, often with the assistance of colleagues, and his apparent indecision about which versions he preferred. On the other hand, Bruckner was greatly admired by subsequent composers, including his friend Gustav Mahler.", "Q313514": "Joe Flanigan (born January 5, 1967) is an American writer and actor best known for his portrayal of the character Major/Lt. Colonel John Sheppard in Stargate Atlantis.", "Q271385": "Azealia Amanda Banks (; born May 31, 1991) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Raised in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City, she began releasing music through Myspace in 2008 before being signed to XL Recordings at age 17. In 2011, her single \"212\" went viral and entered several international charts. Banks subsequently signed with Interscope and Polydor Records.\nBanks has released two mixtapes (Fantasea in 2012 and Slay-Z in 2016), one studio album (Broke with Expensive Taste in 2014), and one extended play (1991 in 2012). Her long-delayed second studio album, Fantasea II: The Second Wave, awaits release; the lead single, \"Anna Wintour\", was released in April 2018. In December 2017, Banks had her feature-film debut in Love Beats Rhymes, receiving positive reviews for her performance as lead actress in a film also featuring Common, Jill Scott and John David Washington.\nThroughout her career, Banks's social media presence and outspoken views, especially on U.S. politics and race, have attracted significant controversy, criticism, and media scrutiny. She has developed a reputation for having disputes with public figures on Twitter.", "Q738566": "Peyo Yavorov (Bulgarian: \u041f\u0435\u0439\u043e (\u041a\u0440.) \u042f\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432; born Peyo Totev Kracholov, \u041f\u0435\u0439\u043e \u0422\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0432 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432; 13 January 1878 \u2013 29 October 1914) was a Bulgarian Symbolist poet. He was considered to be one of the finest poetic talents in the fin de si\u00e8cle Kingdom of Bulgaria. Yavorov was a prominent member of the \"Misal\" (\"\u041c\u0438\u0441\u044a\u043b\") literary and cultural group. His life and work are closely connected with the liberation movement Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization in Macedonia. He was also a supporter of the Armenian Independence Movement, and wrote a number of poems about Armenians.\nMost of his poems are romantic in subject, and dedicated to the two women in his life \u2013 Mina Todorova and Lora Karavelova. His first (and arguably greatest) love Mina died from tuberculosis, which greatly saddened Yavorov. She was buried in the cemetery of Boulogne Billancourt.\nLater on he met Lora, the daughter of statesman Petko Karavelov. They were married, and the letters correspondence between them was considered evidence of their ardent and vivid love, and thus different from the relationship Yavorov had with Mina Todorova. In 1913, Lora shot herself and Yavorov tried to commit suicide. The bullet went through his temporal bone, which left him blind. In despair over the trial provoked by Lora's death and the rumor that he had killed her, Yavorov\npoisoned and then shot himself in autumn 1914, at the age of 36.", "Q259409": "Go Ara (Korean: \uace0\uc544\ub77c; born February 11, 1990) is a South Korean actress and model. She is best known for starring in the television series Sharp (2003), Reply 1994 (2013), You're All Surrounded (2014), Hwarang: The Poet Warrior Youth (2016\u201317), Black (2017) and Ms. Hammurabi (2018).", "Q963153": "William Charles Wentworth (13 August 1790 \u2013 20 March 1872) was an Australian explorer, journalist, politician and author, and one of the leading figures of early colonial New South Wales. He was the first native-born Australian to achieve a reputation overseas, and a leading advocate for self-government for the Australian colonies.", "Q867447": "The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.\nA product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the Society is the oldest extant biological society in the world, and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution on 1 July, 1858.\nThe patron of the society is Queen Elizabeth II. Honorary members include Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both of whom have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.", "Q1446563": "Franz Doelle (9 November 1883 \u2013 15 March 1965) was a German composer. He worked on around fifty film scores during his career many of them operetta films.\n\n", "Q164730": "Olga Konstiantinivna Kurylenko (born 14 November 1979) is a Ukrainian-born French actress and model.She was discovered as a model in Moscow at the age of 13. She moved to Paris to pursue a modelling career at the age of 16 and started her acting career in 2005. She found success as an actress for her role as Nika Boronina in the film adaptation of the video game Hitman (2007), and then mainstream prominence with the role of Bond girl Camille Montes in the 22nd James Bond film, Quantum of Solace (2008). More recently she starred in Stephen S. Campanelli's Momentum (2015), Terrence Malick's To the Wonder (2012), alongside Tom Cruise in Oblivion (2013), with Russell Crowe in The Water Diviner (2014), alongside Rowan Atkinson in the spy comedy film Johnny English Strikes Again (2018) and The Room (2019).", "Q1393663": "Peter Rice (16 June 1935 \u2013 25 October 1992) was an Irish structural engineer.\nBorn in Dublin, he grew up in 52 Castle Road, Dundalk in County Louth, and spent his childhood between the town of Dundalk, and the villages of Gyles' Quay and Inniskeen. He was educated at Newbridge College and the Queen's University of Belfast where he received his primary degree, and spent a year at Imperial College, London. Rice acted as Structural Engineer on three of the most important architectural works of the 20th century: the Sydney Opera House (with Ove Arup), Pompidou Centre and the Lloyd's Building and was renowned for his innate ability to act as both engineer and designer.\nHe originally studied Aeronautical Engineering but switched to Civil Engineering. Taken on by Ove Arup & Partners, his first job was the roof of the Sydney Opera House. He married Sylvia Watson in 1965 and they had one son and three daughters. Jonathan Glancey in his obituary said \"Rice was, perhaps, the James Joyce of structural engineering. His poetic invention, his ability to turn accepted ideas on their head and his rigorous mathematical and philosophical logic made him one of the most sought-after engineers of our times\".", "Q3167651": "Jean-Marie Duthilleul (born 1952) is a French architect and civil engineer.", "Q188798": "Evaristo Carriego (Paran\u00e1, May 7, 1883 \u2013 Buenos Aires, October 13, 1912), was an Argentine poet, best known today for the biography written about him by Jorge Luis Borges.\nHe was an important influence on the writing of tango lyrics, and in homage the famous instrumental tango \"A Evaristo Carriego\" was written by Eduardo Rovira, and recorded by Orquesta Osvaldo Pugliese in 1969.He is buried at the Cementerio de la Chacarita in Buenos Aires.", "Q93356": "Seamus Justin Heaney (; 13 April 1939 \u2013 30 August 2013) was an Irish poet, playwright and translator. He received the 1995 Nobel Prize in Literature. Among his best-known works is Death of a Naturalist (1966), his first major published volume. Heaney was recognised as one of the principal contributors to poetry during his lifetime. American poet Robert Lowell described him as \"the most important Irish poet since Yeats\", and many others, including the academic John Sutherland, have said that he was \"the greatest poet of our age\". Robert Pinsky has stated that \"with his wonderful gift of eye and ear Heaney has the gift of the story-teller.\" Upon his death in 2013, The Independent described him as \"probably the best-known poet in the world\".He was born in the townland of Tamniaran between Castledawson and Toomebridge, Northern Ireland. His family moved to nearby Bellaghy when he was a boy. He became a lecturer at St. Joseph's College in Belfast in the early 1960s, after attending Queen's University and began to publish poetry. He lived in Sandymount, Dublin, from 1976 until his death. He lived part-time in the United States from 1981 to 2006.\nHeaney was a professor at Harvard from 1981 to 1997, and its Poet in Residence from 1988 to 2006. From 1989 to 1994, he was also the Professor of Poetry at Oxford. In 1996, was made a Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres and in 1998 was bestowed the title Saoi of the Aosd\u00e1na. Other awards that he received include the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize (1968), the E. M. Forster Award (1975), the PEN Translation Prize (1985), the Golden Wreath of Poetry (2001), the T. S. Eliot Prize (2006) and two Whitbread Prizes (1996 and 1999). In 2011, he was awarded the Griffin Poetry Prize and in 2012, a Lifetime Recognition Award from the Griffin Trust. His literary papers are held by the National Library of Ireland.\nHe is buried at the Cemetery of St Mary's Church, Bellaghy, Northern Ireland. The headstone bears the epitaph \"Walk on air against your better judgement\", from one of his poems, \"The Gravel Walks\".", "Q68682": "The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (Uzbek: Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi, \u0411\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e \u0425\u0430\u043b\u049b \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0441\u0438; Tajik: \u04b6\u0443\u043c\u04b3\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0425\u0430\u043b\u049b\u0438\u0438 \u0428\u04ef\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e; Russian: \u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, tr. Bukharskaya Narodnaya Sovetskaya Respublika) was a short-lived Soviet state that governed the former Emirate of Bukhara during the years immediately following the Russian Revolution. In 1924, its name was changed to the Bukharan Socialist Soviet Republic (Bukharan SSR; Russian: \u0411\u0443\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430). After the redrawing of regional borders, its territory was assigned mostly to the Uzbek SSR and some to the Turkmen SSR.", "Q1054390": "Mario Pisu (21 May 1910 \u2013 17 July 1976) was an Italian actor and voice actor.", "Q258717": "Aaron Pointer, better known by his stage name Abstract Rude, is a rapper from Los Angeles, California.\nHe is the MC of Abstract Tribe Unique, alongside dancers Zulu Butterfly and Irie Lion King, turntablist DJ Drez and producer Fat Jack. He is also a member of Haiku D'Etat along with Myka 9 and Aceyalone and The A-Team along with Aceyalone.", "Q57472": "Hans Heinrich Lammers (27 May 1879 \u2013 4 January 1962) was a German jurist and prominent Nazi politician. From 1933 until 1945 he served as Chief of the Reich Chancellery under Adolf Hitler. During the 1948\u20131949 Ministries Trial, Lammers was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment.", "Q78491": "Stefan Zweig (; German: [tsva\u026ak]; 28 November 1881 \u2013 22 February 1942) was an Austrian novelist, playwright, journalist and biographer. At the height of his literary career, in the 1920s and 1930s, he was one of the most widely translated and most popular writers in the world.", "Q1291706": "Edward Binns (September 12, 1916 \u2013 December 4, 1990) was an American stage, film and television actor. He had a wide-spanning career in film and television, often portraying competent, hard working and purposeful characters in his various roles.", "Q4119": "Adam Carolla (born May 27, 1964) is an American radio personality, actor and podcaster. He hosts The Adam Carolla Show, a talk show distributed as a podcast which set the record as the \"most downloaded podcast\" as judged by Guinness World Records in 2011.Carolla co-hosted the syndicated radio call-in program Loveline from 1995 to 2005 as well as the show's television incarnation on MTV from 1996 to 2000. He was the co-host and co-creator of the television program The Man Show (1999\u20132004), and the co-creator and a regular performer on the television show Crank Yankers (2002\u20132007). He hosted The Adam Carolla Project, a home improvement television program which aired on TLC in 2005 and The Car Show on Speed TV in 2011.\nCarolla has also appeared on the network reality television programs Dancing with the Stars and The Celebrity Apprentice. His book In Fifty Years We'll All Be Chicks debuted on The New York Times Best Seller list in 2010, and his second book, Not Taco Bell Material, also reached New York Times bestseller status.Carolla has made numerous guest appearances on political talk shows as a commentator. He hosted a weekly segment, \"Rollin' with Carolla\", on Bill O'Reilly's The O'Reilly Factor.", "Q124314": "Henry Picker (6 February 1912 in Wilhelmshaven \u2013 2 May 1988) was a lawyer, stenographer and author who co-transcribed and first published transcripts of Adolf Hitler's informal talks, known colloquially as the Table Talk.", "Q216478": "Aron Ettore Schmitz (19 December 1861 \u2013 13 September 1928), better known by the pseudonym Italo Svevo (Italian: [\u02c8i\u02d0talo \u02c8zv\u025b\u02d0vo]), was an Italian writer, businessman, novelist, playwright, and short story writer.A close friend of Irish novelist and poet James Joyce, Svevo was considered a pioneer of the psychological novel in Italy and is best known for his classic modernist novel La coscienza di Zeno (1923), a work that had a profound effect on the movement.", "Q83623": "Best Friends is a 1982 American Technicolor romantic comedy film starring Burt Reynolds and Goldie Hawn. It is loosely based on the true story of the relationship between its writers, Barry Levinson and Valerie Curtin. The film is directed by Norman Jewison and is a drama as well as a romantic comedy.", "Q2815948": "A landscape architect is a person who is educated in the field of landscape architecture. The practice of landscape architecture includes: site analysis, site inventory, site planning, land planning, planting design, grading, storm water management, sustainable design, construction specification and ensuring that all plans meet the current building codes and local and federal ordinances. \nThe title landscape architect was first used by Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of New York City's Central Park.", "Q115877": "Fulvio Pelli (born 26 January 1951) is a Swiss politician. He served in the Swiss National Council from 1995 to 2014, and as president of the Free Democratic Party from 2005 to 2009, and as president of FDP.The Liberals (the successor party of the Free Democratic Party) from 2009 to 2012. He was succeeded by Philipp M\u00fcller.\n\n", "Q827705": "Bertha Eckstein-Diener (March 18, 1874, Vienna \u2013 February 20, 1948, Geneva), also known by her American pseudonym as Helen Diner, was an Austrian writer, travel journalist, feminist historian and intellectual. Her book Mothers and Amazons (1930), was the first to focus on women's cultural history. It is regarded as a classic study of Matriarchy.She was a member of the \"Arthurians,\" a group of European intellectuals active in the 1930s, each of whom adopted a name from Arthur's Round Table (Diner was Sir Galahad). Each member undertook to research an area of knowledge hitherto little known to Western culture. Diner set out to document a feminist history of women, and infused her book Mothers and Amazons (M\u00fctter und Amazonen) with lyrical and poetic language.", "Q217": "Moldova ( (listen), sometimes UK: ), officially the Republic of Moldova (Romanian: Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The capital city is Chi\u0219in\u0103u.\nMost of the Moldovan territory was a part of the Principality of Moldavia from the 14th century until 1812, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire by the Ottoman Empire (to which Moldavia was a vassal state) and became known as Bessarabia. In 1856, southern Bessarabia was returned to Moldavia, which three years later united with Wallachia to form Romania, but Russian rule was restored over the whole of the region in 1878. During the 1917 Russian Revolution, Bessarabia briefly became an autonomous state within the Russian Republic, known as the Moldavian Democratic Republic. In February 1918, the Moldavian Democratic Republic declared independence and then integrated into Romania later that year following a vote of its assembly. The decision was disputed by Soviet Russia, which in 1924 established, within the Ukrainian SSR, a Moldavian autonomous republic (MASSR) on partially Moldovan-inhabited territories to the east of Bessarabia. In 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov\u2013Ribbentrop Pact, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia to the Soviet Union, leading to the creation of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (Moldavian SSR), which included the greater part of Bessarabia and the westernmost strip of the former MASSR (east of the Dniester River).\nOn 27 August 1991, as the dissolution of the Soviet Union was underway, the Moldavian SSR declared independence and took the name Moldova. The constitution of Moldova was adopted in 1994. The strip of the Moldovan territory on the east bank of the Dniester has been under the de facto control of the breakaway government of Transnistria since 1990.\nDue to a decrease in industrial and agricultural output following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the service sector has grown to dominate Moldova's economy and is over 60% of the nation's GDP. Its economy is the poorest in Europe in per capita terms and has the lowest Human Development Index in the continent.\nMoldova is a parliamentary republic with a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. It is a member state of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC).", "Q258071": "Jessica Lucas (born September 24, 1985) is a Canadian actress and singer. She is known for her roles in television, such as Edgemont, Melrose Place, Cult, and Gotham, and in the films The Covenant, Cloverfield and the 2013 Evil Dead. She also starred in the music video for Coldplay's 2014 single \"True Love\".", "Q3110": "San Salvador (\"Holy Savior\") is the capital and the most populous city of El Salvador and its eponymous department. It is the country's political, cultural, educational and financial center. The Metropolitan Area of San Salvador, which comprises the capital itself and 13 of its municipalities, has a population of 2,404,097.\nAs a \"beta\" global city, San Salvador is also an important financial hub of Central America. The city is home to the Concejo de Ministros de El Salvador (Council of Ministries of El Salvador), La Asamblea Legislativa (The Legislative Assembly of El Salvador), the Corte Suprema de Justicia (The Supreme Court), and other governmental institutions, as well as the official residence of the president of the Republic. San Salvador is located in the Salvadoran highlands, surrounded by volcanoes and prone to earthquakes. The city is also home to the Catholic Archdiocese, as well as many Protestant branches of Christianity, including Evangelicals, Latter-day Saints, Baptists, and Pentecostals. San Salvador has the second largest Jewish community in Central America and a small Muslim community.\nSan Salvador has been the host city for various regional and international sporting, political, and social events. It hosted the Central American and Caribbean Games in 1935 and 2002, and the Central American Games in 1977 and 1994, as well as the Miss Universe 1975 pageant. San Salvador was also the host city of the 18th Ibero-American Summit, held October 29\u201331, 2008, the most important sociopolitical event in the Spanish and Portuguese sphere. The Central American Integration System (SICA) has its headquarters in San Salvador. The Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE) also has its headquarters in San Salvador.", "Q5748001": "Hetq Online or Hetq (Armenian: \u0540\u0565\u057f\u0584, meaning The Trace) is an online newspaper published in Yerevan by the Investigative Journalists NGO. It first appeared in 2001 in the Armenian language, and since 2002 it has been publishing in English as well.\nThe Investigative Journalists of Armenia NGO is a non-government organization founded on July 29, 2000, with the primary goal of assisting the development of investigative journalism in Armenia and to strengthen and develop freedom of speech and democratic principles.\nSince 2001 the organization has produced investigative films and articles on environmental, social, educational, cultural, judicial, energy, the banking system, and other issues within the scope of different projects. These investigations have revealed various abuses by state and local government as well as the violation of human rights. \nSince 2001, the organization has published the Hetq Online internet newspaper (www.hetq.am): The English version of Hetq Online has been published since September 2002, thus garnering authority and credibility amongst foreign readers for the organization.\nThe investigative articles of Hetq Online are republished by leading Armenian daily newspapers. \nHetq Online is the first publication in Armenia to adopt a Code of ethics and every journalist working with the online newspaper is obliged to follow the principles of the code.", "Q414034": "The Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Krak\u00f3w (Polish: Akademia Sztuk Pi\u0119knych im. Jana Matejki w Krakowie, usually abbreviated to ASP), is a public institution of higher learning located in downtown Krak\u00f3w, Poland. It is the oldest Polish fine arts academy, established in 1818 and granted full autonomy in 1873.\nASP is a state-run university that offers 5- and 6-year Master's degree programs. As of 2007, the Academy's faculty comprised 94 professors and assistant professors as well as 147 Ph.D.s.", "Q172634": "Sumitranandan Pant (20 May 1900 \u2013 28 December 1977) was an Indian poet. He was one of the most celebrated 20th century poets of the Hindi language and was known for romanticism in his poems which were inspired by nature, people and beauty within.", "Q122003": "Julio Jos\u00e9 Iglesias de la Cueva (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8xuljo i\u02c8\u0263lesjas]; born 23 September 1943) is a Spanish singer, songwriter and former professional footballer. Iglesias is recognized as the most commercially successful Continental European singer in the world and one of the top record sellers in music history, having sold more than 100 million records worldwide in 14 languages It is estimated that during his career he has performed in more than 5000 concerts, for over 60 million people in five continents. In April 2013, Iglesias was inducted into the Hall of Fame of Latin Composers.\nIn 1983, he was celebrated as having recorded songs in the most languages in the world, and in 2013 for being the artist in Latin music with the most records sold in history. In April 2013, he was awarded in Beijing as the most popular international artist in China. In Brazil, France, Romania, Italy, and others, Iglesias is the most successful foreign record seller, while in his home country, Spain, he has sold the most records in history, with 23 million records.\nDuring his career, Iglesias has won many awards in the music industry, including the Grammy, Latin Grammy, World Music Award, Billboard Music Award, American Music Award and Lo Nuestro Award. He has been awarded the Gold Medal for Merit in the Fine Arts of Spain and the Legion of Honour of France. UNICEF named him Special Ambassador for the Performing Arts in 1989. He has been a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame since 1985.", "Q18403": "Il bidone ([il bi\u02c8d\u0254ne], \"The Drum [container]\"; also known as The Swindle or The Swindlers) is a 1955 Italian film directed by Federico Fellini. It features Broderick Crawford, Richard Basehart and Giulietta Masina.\nReleased one year after the director's internationally successful La Strada, Il bidone continues with many of the same socially conscious, neorealist-inspired themes while minimizing the poetic realism and extravagant vitality, that is today known as \"felliniesque\", in favor of a more pointed political stance.\n\n", "Q181964": "My Queen Karo is a 2009 drama film. It was directed by Doroth\u00e9e Van Den Berghe, produced by Frank Van Passel, and starring Matthias Schoenaerts, D\u00e9borah Fran\u00e7ois, and Anna Franziska Jaeger. The film tells the story of Karo, a ten-year-old girl who witnesses the moral dilemmas of free love when her parents join a squatter community in 1970s Amsterdam. \nThe film received three nominations at the 1st Magritte Awards.", "Q29806": "Ahmad Moaz Al-Khatib Al-Hasani (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u200e, born 1960) is a former president of the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces. He is also a former imam of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus.\n\n", "Q3296176": "Mary Field (June 10, 1909 \u2013 June 12, 1996) was an American film actress who primarily appeared in supporting roles.", "Q51765": "Count Kuno von Klebelsberg de Thumburg (13 November 1875, P\u00e9cska \u2013 12 October 1932, Budapest) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of the Interior and Minister of Culture of the Kingdom of Hungary between the two world wars.\nKlebelsberg was born in Magyarp\u00e9cska, Austria-Hungary (today Pecica, Arad County, Romania). After World War I, the Treaty of Trianon and the ravages of the civil war, Klebelsberg assumed the position of Minister of the Interior in 1921, a post which he filled until the following year. Afterwards, he served as Minister of Culture (1922\u20131931) and introduced many educational reforms throughout Hungary. Klebelsberg helped create elementary schools in the countryside, began the modernisation of numerous universities, and created the foreign Hungarian cultural institute Collegium Hungaricum to create awareness of Hungarian culture in other countries. \nKlebelsberg is also famous for introducing a progressive policy on scholarships for university students. \nKlebelsberg, however, was controversial with his ideology of Hungarian supremacy, which attributed superior value to Hungarian ethnic culture over the minority ethnic cultures of the former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (Serb, Slovak, Romanian, Jewish etc.). After the Trianon Treaty, Klebelsberg's ideology and educational reforms directly served the territorial revisionist and chauvinistic claims of the Hungarian regimes during the governor Mikl\u00f3s Horthy's reign. Klebelsberg was antisemitic blaming the entire Hungarian Jewry for the bourgeois liberal and communist revolutions and governments of 1918 and 1919, respectively, for the loss of territories associated with Trianon Treaty. In a dramatic outburst in 1924, he asked the Jews to give back Greater Hungary promising in exchange to lift the numerus clausus, the first introduced in 20th century Europe in the early 1920s.", "Q1668154": "The United Malays National Organisation (Malay: Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu; Jawi: \u06a4\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0646 \u06a9\u0628\u06a0\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648, abbreviated UMNO or lesser known as PEKEMBAR) is Malaysia's biggest and main national opposition political party. It is a founding member of the Barisan Nasional coalition which, with its predecessor the Alliance, had been the government of Malaysia and dominated the country's politics from independence until 2018. Until then, all of Malaysia's Prime Ministers had been members of UMNO, until Mahathir Mohamad became the first prime minister from Pakatan Harapan, and the first prime minister to have tenures with two different parties. Following Mahathir's resignation in 2020, the party subsequently rejoined the government with nine ministerial positions in the Muhyiddin cabinet.\nUMNO's goals are to uphold the aspirations of Malay nationalism and the concept of Ketuanan Melayu, as well as the dignity of race, religion and country. The party also aspires to protect the Malay culture as the national culture and to uphold, defend and expand Islam across Malaysia.In the 2018 UMNO leadership election, which was considered by many as crucial to the party's progression, former Deputy Prime Minister Ahmad Zahid Hamidi was elected UMNO president, defeating former UMNO Youth Chief Khairy Jamaluddin, and UMNO veteran Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah.", "Q1702399": "Johnny Rivers (born John Henry Ramistella; November 7, 1942) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. His repertoire includes pop, folk, blues, and old-time rock 'n' roll. Rivers charted during the 1960s and 1970s but remains best known for a string of hit singles between 1964 and 1968, among them \"Memphis\" (a Chuck Berry cover), \"Mountain of Love\" (a Harold Dorman cover), \"The Seventh Son\" (a Willie Mabon cover), \"Secret Agent Man\", \"Poor Side of Town\" (a US #1), \"Baby I Need Your Lovin'\" (a 1967 cover of the Four Tops single from 1964), and \"Summer Rain\".", "Q154195": "The Kingdom of Bavaria (German: K\u00f6nigreich Bayern; Austro-Bavarian: Kinereich Bayern) was a German state that succeeded the former Electorate of Bavaria in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918. The Bavarian Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of the House of Wittelsbach became the first King of Bavaria in 1805 as Maximilian I Joseph. The crown would go on being held by the Wittelsbachs until the kingdom came to an end in 1918. Most of Bavaria's present-day borders were established after 1814 with the Treaty of Paris, in which Bavaria ceded Tyrol and Vorarlberg to the Austrian Empire while receiving Aschaffenburg and W\u00fcrzburg. With the unification of Germany into the German Empire in 1871, the kingdom became a federal state of the new Empire and was second in size, power, and wealth only to the leading state, the Kingdom of Prussia. In 1918, Bavaria became a republic, and the kingdom was thus succeeded by the current Free State of Bavaria.", "Q3047595": "The Edinburgh Academy is an independent school in Edinburgh, Scotland, which was opened in 1824. The original building, on Henderson Row in the city's New Town, is now part of the Senior School. The Junior School is located on Arboretum Road to the north of the city's Royal Botanic Garden.\nThe Edinburgh Academy was originally a day and boarding school for boys. It ceased boarding and transitioned to co-education in 2008 and is now a fully coeducational day school. The nursery, housed in a 2008 purpose built block on the Junior campus, caters for children from age 2 to 5. The Junior School admits children from age 6 to 10 whilst the Senior School takes pupils from age 10 to 18.", "Q96548": "Felix von Jascheroff (born 29 August 1982) is a German singer, actor and voice actor, best known for his portrayal of John Bachmann in the German soap opera Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten.", "Q886875": "Theodore Thurston Geer (March 12, 1851 \u2013 February 21, 1924) was the tenth Governor of Oregon (the first born in the territory of the state), serving from January 9, 1899 to January 14, 1903. The Republican politician was in office when the legislature adopted the \"Oregon System\", Oregon's system of initiative and referendum. He also served in the Oregon House of Representatives, including time as its Speaker.", "Q55503": "Joscelin II of Edessa (died 1159) was the fourth and last ruling count of Edessa. He was son of his predecessor Joscelin I of Edessa and Beatrice, daughter of Constantine I of Armenia.\nIn 1122, Joscelin I was captured by Belek Ghazi. The next year, he was joined in captivity by Baldwin II of Jerusalem. Joscelin I was rescued in 1123 by Armenia soldiers, and he worked with Baldwin's wife Morphia to secure the king's release. The young Joscelin II and Baldwin's daughter Joveta were ransomed for Baldwin's release in 1124. Joscelin II and Joveta were released in 1125 in exchange for 80,000 dinars, spoils from Baldwin's victory over al-Bursuqi at the battle of Azaz. In 1131, his father Joscelin I was wounded in battle with the Danishmends, and Edessa passed to Joscelin II. Joscelin II refused to march the small Edessan army out to meet the Danishmends, so Joscelin I, in his last act, forced the Danishmends to retreat, dying soon after.\nJoscelin II ruled the weakest and most isolated of the Crusader states. In 1138 he allied with Antioch and Byzantine emperor John II Komnenos to attack Zengi, atabeg of Aleppo, the campaign ended with the unsuccessful Siege of Shaizar of 1138. Upon returning to Antioch, Joscelin II exploited local sentiment against the Byzantine Empire to instigate a riot that forced John to return home.\nIn 1143 both John II and Fulk of Jerusalem died, leaving Joscelin II with no powerful allies to help defend Edessa. In autumn 1144, Joscelin II formed an alliance with the Artuqid Kara Aslan and marched a sizable army north to assist in their struggle with Zengi. With the capital only lightly defended, Zengi redirected his army, invading and capturing the city after the Siege of Edessa in 1144.. Joscelin II fled to Turbessel, where he held the remnants of the county west of the Euphrates.\nAfter Yarankash, a Frankish slave, assassinated Zengi in September 1146, Joscelin II recaptured Edessa in October 1146. Receiving no help from the other Crusader states, the city was again lost in November, as Joscelin's expedition was driven out by Zengi's son Nur ad-Din. The Second Crusade, called in response to the fall of Edessa, shifted its focus to Damascus. In 1150 while en route to Antioch to enlist help, Joscelin II was taken prisoner by Nur-ed-Din's Turkomans. Joscelin II was taken to the city of Aleppo where he was led before a hostile crowd and publicly blinded. He spent the remaining nine years of his life in captivity in a Muslim prison. He died in the dungeons of the Citadel of Aleppo in 1159.", "Q949976": "Paul Johansen Geleff (January 6, 1842 \u2013 1928) was a Danish socialist organizer. He was one of the founders of the socialist movement in Denmark.\nGeleff completed his education as school teacher in 1864, and went on to work as a teacher and publisher. In 1867 he issued the publication Hejmdal. He was sentenced to pay a fine after having insulted the Prussian state in one of his articles. In 1871 he came into contact with H. F. V. Brix, and through Brix he became acquainted to Louis Pio. The three began organizing a socialist movement. The trio founded the publication Socialisten ('The Socialist') in July 1871. In October the same year they founded a Danish branch of the First International.The organization supported a bricklayers strike and had called for a meeting to mobilize support. In response, the authorities banned the organization and all its meetings. All three were arrested in the summer of 1872. Geleff was sentenced to three years forced labour. Geleff had also been accused of fraud, but after re-paying the amount he was accused of having embezzled those charges were dropped. Geleff wrote a book about his prison ordeals, Under Laas og Lukke (\"Under lock and key\") was published in 1876. After his release from jail, he and Pio again begun organizing socialist activities. In 1876 he was one of the founders of the Social Democratic Party. In March 1877 Geleff and Pio emigrated to the United States, with financial assistance from the Danish police. Their intention was to set up a colony in America. After settling down in America, Geleff and Pio broke their contacts. Geleff wrote a short publication about his trans-Atlantic travel and split with Pio, Den rene, sk\u00e6re Sandhed om Louis Pio og mig selv (\"The pure truth about Louis Pio and myself\") published in 1877.Geleff occasionally wrote articles for Den Danske Pioneer, published from Omaha in Nebraska. Geleff played a crucial role in formulating the radical agenda of the newspaper.Geleff returned to Denmark in 1920, and lived as a pensioner with support from the Social Democratic Party. Geleff died in 1928. He was buried on Capri.", "Q300568": "A Star Is Born is a 1976 American musical romantic drama film about a young singer (Barbra Streisand) who meets and falls in love with an established rock and roll star (Kris Kristofferson), only to find her career ascending while his goes into decline.\nThe film is a remake of the 1937 original drama starring Janet Gaynor and Fredric March, which had also been adapted in 1954 as a musical starring Judy Garland and James Mason. The story was again adapted in 2018 starring Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper.", "Q1707": "Kiel (German: [ki\u02d0l] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 249,023 (2016). \nKiel lies approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Hamburg. Due to its geographic location in the north of Germany, the southeast of the Jutland peninsula and the southwestern shore of the Baltic Sea, Kiel has become one of the major maritime centres of Germany. For instance, the city is known for a variety of international sailing events, including the annual Kiel Week, which is the biggest sailing event in the world. Kiel is also known within modern history for the Kiel Mutiny, where German sailors refused to board Navy vessels in protest against Germany's continued fighting in World War I which led to the abdication of the Kaiser and the formation of the Weimar Republic. The Olympic sailing competitions of the 1936 and the 1972 Summer Olympics were held in the Bay of Kiel.Kiel has also been one of the traditional homes of the German Navy's Baltic fleet, and continues to be a major high-tech shipbuilding centre. Located in Kiel is the GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel at the University of Kiel. Kiel is an important sea transport hub, thanks to its location on the Kiel Fjord (Kieler F\u00f6rde) and the busiest artificial waterway in the world, Kiel Canal (Nord-Ostsee-Kanal). A number of passenger ferries to Sweden, Norway, Lithuania and other countries operate from here. Moreover, today Port of Kiel is a popular desination for cruise ships touring the Baltic Sea.\nKiel's recorded history began in the 13th century, but the city was originally a Danish village, in the 8th century. Until 1864 it was administered by Denmark in personal union. In 1866 the city was annexed by Prussia and in 1871 it became part of Germany.\nKiel was one of the founding cities of original European Green Regi51 Award in 2006. In 2005 Kiel's GDP per capita was \u20ac35,618, which is well above Germany's national average, and 159% of the European Union's average.", "Q15127": "The Finsteraarhorn (4,274 m (14,022 ft)) is the highest mountain in the Bernese Alps in Switzerland and the most prominent peak of Switzerland. The Finsteraarhorn is the ninth-highest mountain and third-most prominent peak in the Alps. In 2001 the whole massif and surrounding glaciers were designated as part of the Jungfrau-Aletsch World Heritage Site.", "Q166641": "Alexander (Alik) Ilyich Ginzburg (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0301\u0447 \u0413\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr \u026al\u02b2\u02c8jit\u0255 \u02c8\u0261\u02b2inzb\u028ark] (listen); 21 November 1936, Moscow \u2013 19 July 2002, Paris), was a Russian journalist, poet, human rights activist and dissident.", "Q1444412": "Frank Warren (born February 1952) is an English boxing manager and promoter. Warren and his son George own and run Queensberry Promotions. Warren was also a founder of the British boxing television channel BoxNation.\nFrank Warren has promoted and managed world champions and top ranked fighters including Naseem Hamed, Frank Bruno, Tyson Fury, Josh Warrington, Joe Calzaghe, Nigel Benn, Billy Joe Saunders, Steve Collins, Chris Eubank, Amir Khan and Ricky Hatton.", "Q86983": "Johann Nepomuk Berger (pseudonym: Sternau) (born 16 September 1816 in Pro\u00dfnitz, Moravia ; died 9 December 1870 in Vienna, Austria) was an Austrian lawyer, politician and writer.", "Q430182": "Cecil Louis Troughton Smith (27 August 1899 \u2013 2 April 1966), known by his pen name Cecil Scott \"C. S.\" Forester, was an English novelist known for writing tales of naval warfare, such as the 12-book Horatio Hornblower series depicting a Royal Navy officer during the Napoleonic wars. The Hornblower novels A Ship of the Line and Flying Colours were jointly awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction in 1938. His other works include The African Queen (1935, filmed in 1951 by John Huston).", "Q233808": "Aberdeen is a city in Grays Harbor County, Washington, United States. The population was 16,896 at the 2010 census. The city is the economic center of Grays Harbor County, bordering the cities of Hoquiam and Cosmopolis. Aberdeen is occasionally referred to as the \"Gateway to the Olympic Peninsula\".", "Q130407": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Grabowski (1 June 1883 \u2013 6 July 1961) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in more than 35 films between 1911 and 1957.", "Q40640": "Ray Douglas Bradbury (; August 22, 1920 \u2013 June 5, 2012) was an American author and screenwriter. He worked in a variety of genres, including fantasy, science fiction, horror, and mystery fiction.\nPredominantly known for writing the iconic dystopian novel Fahrenheit 451 (1953), and his science-fiction and horror-story collections, The Martian Chronicles (1950), The Illustrated Man (1951), and I Sing the Body Electric (1969), Bradbury was one of the most celebrated 20th- and 21st-century American writers. While most of his best known work is in fantasy fiction, he also wrote in other genres, such as the coming-of-age novel Dandelion Wine (1957) and the fictionalized memoir Green Shadows, White Whale (1992).\nRecipient of numerous awards, including a 2007 Pulitzer Citation, Bradbury also wrote and consulted on screenplays and television scripts, including Moby Dick and It Came from Outer Space. Many of his works were adapted to comic book, television, and film formats.\nUpon his death in 2012, The New York Times called Bradbury \"the writer most responsible for bringing modern science fiction into the literary mainstream\".\n\n", "Q3900088": "Perry Lang (born December 24, 1959, Palo Alto, California) is an American director, writer and actor.", "Q181794": "Daniela Garnero Santanch\u00e8 (Italian pronunciation: [da\u02c8nj\u025b\u02d0la santa\u014b\u02c8k\u025b]; born 7 April 1961) is an Italian entrepreneur and a politician. She has served as Undersecretary to the Minister of Minister for the Implementation of the Government Program from 2010 to 2011 in the Berlusconi IV Cabinet.", "Q4657": "Percy is a 1971 British comedy film directed by Ralph Thomas starring Hywel Bennett, Denholm Elliott, Elke Sommer and Britt Ekland.\nThe film is based on a novel of the same name by Raymond Hitchcock, and is today remembered for its soundtrack by The Kinks. It was followed by a 1974 sequel, Percy's Progress.", "Q538284": "Otis Williams (born Otis Miles Jr.; October 30, 1941) is an American baritone singer. Nicknamed \"Big Daddy\", he is occasionally also a songwriter and a record producer.\nWilliams is the founder and last surviving original member of the Motown vocal group The Temptations, a group in which he continues to perform; he also owns the rights to the Temptations name.", "Q644687": "An illustrator is an artist who specializes in enhancing writing or elucidating concepts by providing a visual representation that corresponds to the content of the associated text or idea. The illustration may be intended to clarify complicated concepts or objects that are difficult to describe textually, which is the reason illustrations are often found in children's books.Illustration is the art of making images that work with something and add to it without needing direct attention and without distracting from what they illustrate. The other thing is the focus of the attention, and the illustration's role is to add personality and character without competing with that other thing.Illustrations have been used in advertisements, architectural rendering, greeting cards, posters, books, graphic novels, storyboards, business, technical communications, magazines, shirts, video games, tutorials, and newspapers. A cartoon illustration can add humor to stories or essays.", "Q134649": "Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Signs and symptoms may vary from mild to severe. They usually start two to five days after exposure. Symptoms often come on fairly gradually, beginning with a sore throat and fever. In severe cases, a grey or white patch develops in the throat. This can block the airway and create a barking cough as in croup. The neck may swell in part due to enlarged lymph nodes. A form of diphtheria which involves the skin, eyes or genitals also exists. Complications may include myocarditis, inflammation of nerves, kidney problems, and bleeding problems due to low levels of platelets. Myocarditis may result in an abnormal heart rate and inflammation of the nerves may result in paralysis.Diphtheria is usually spread between people by direct contact or through the air. It may also be spread by contaminated objects. Some people carry the bacterium without having symptoms, but can still spread the disease to others. The three main types of C. diphtheriae cause different severities of disease. The symptoms are due to a toxin produced by the bacterium. Diagnosis can often be made based on the appearance of the throat with confirmation by microbiological culture. Previous infection may not protect against future infection.A diphtheria vaccine is effective for prevention and available in a number of formulations. Three or four doses, given along with tetanus vaccine and pertussis vaccine, are recommended during childhood. Further doses of diphtheria-tetanus vaccine are recommended every ten years. Protection can be verified by measuring the antitoxin level in the blood. Diphtheria can be prevented in those exposed as well as treated with the antibiotics erythromycin or benzylpenicillin. A tracheotomy is sometimes needed to open the airway in severe cases.In 2015, 4,500 cases were officially reported worldwide, down from nearly 100,000 in 1980. About a million cases a year are believed to have occurred before the 1980s. Diphtheria currently occurs most often in sub-Saharan Africa, India, and Indonesia. In 2015, it resulted in 2,100 deaths, down from 8,000 deaths in 1990. In areas where it is still common, children are most affected. It is rare in the developed world due to widespread vaccination but can re-emerge if vaccination rates decrease. In the United States, 57 cases were reported between 1980 and 2004. Death occurs in 5% to 10% of those diagnosed. The disease was first described in the 5th century BC by Hippocrates. The bacterium was identified in 1882 by Edwin Klebs.", "Q3138": "Trier ( TREER, German: [t\u0281i\u02d0\u0250\u032f] (listen); Luxembourgish: Tr\u00e9ier pronounced [\u02c8t\u0280\u0259\u026a\u032f\u0250] (listen)), formerly known in English as Treves ( TREV; French: Tr\u00e8ves [t\u0281\u025bv]) and Triers (see also names in other languages), is a city on the banks of the Moselle in Germany. It lies in a valley between low vine-covered hills of red sandstone in the west of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, near the border with Luxembourg and within the important Moselle wine region. Karl Marx, philosopher and founder of the theory that would become known as Marxism, was born in the city in 1818.\nFounded by the Celts in the late 4th century BC as Treuorum and conquered 300 years later by the Romans, who renamed it Augusta Treverorum (\"The City of Augustus among the Treveri\"), Trier has a good title for being considered Germany's oldest city. It is also the oldest seat north of the Alps of a bishop. In the Middle Ages, the archbishop-elector of Trier was an important prince of the Church who controlled land from the French border to the Rhine. The archbishop-elector of Trier also had great significance as one of the seven electors of the Holy Roman Empire.\nWith an approximate population of 105,000, Trier is the fourth-largest city in its state, after Mainz, Ludwigshafen, and Koblenz. The nearest major cities are Luxembourg (50 km or 31 mi to the southwest), Saarbr\u00fccken (80 kilometres or 50 miles southeast), and Koblenz (100 km or 62 mi northeast).\nThe University of Trier, the administration of the Trier-Saarburg district and the seat of the ADD (Aufsichts- und Dienstleistungsdirektion), which until 1999 was the borough authority of Trier, and the Academy of European Law (ERA) are all based in Trier. It is one of the five \"central places\" of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Along with Luxembourg, Metz and Saarbr\u00fccken, fellow constituent members of the QuattroPole union of cities, it is central to the greater region encompassing Saar-Lor-Lux (Saarland, Lorraine and Luxembourg), Rhineland-Palatinate, and Wallonia.", "Q123335": "Charles Clifton \"Cliff\" Finch (April 4, 1927 \u2013 April 22, 1986) was an American politician who served as the 57th Governor of the U.S. state of Mississippi, from 1976 to 1980.", "Q696919": "Knorkator is a German band from Berlin that combines heavy metal with comical elements. They proclaim themselves to be \"Germany's most band in the world\" (German: \"Deutschlands meiste Band der Welt\"), as the title \"The best band in the world\" was already taken by Die \u00c4rzte. The name \"Knorkator\" is a personification of \"knorke\", a dated adjective used in Berlin and the Ruhr basin meaning \"great\" or \"fabulous\" (similar to the English slang word \"swell\"). The band was founded in 1994, but only played in the Berlin/Brandenburg area until 1998.\n\nKnorkator gained further fame (and some notoriety) in 2000 with their performance of Ick wer zun Schwein (sic; literally, in Berlin dialect, \"I'm turning into a pig\") in the German national qualification for the Eurovision Song Contest. After the qualification show, German tabloid BILD notoriously headlined \"Wer lie\u00df diese Irren ins Fernsehen?\" (\"Who let these lunatics on TV?\").Knorkator announced the end of the band in a MySpace bulletin on June 14, 2008, the last concert was played on December 5 that year in Berlin. The official reason given for the band's breakup was that Alf Ator wanted to leave Germany to start a new life in Thailand. In autumn 2010 a bulletin by Stumpen announced the bands' reunion. A first \"small\" tour followed in April 2011 as well as some concerts at well-known festivals like Wacken Open Air. The tour was called the \"77 minutes tour\", as the setlist was planned to be exactly 77 minutes long. A digital clock that counted down the minutes was placed on stage to make sure the time limit was not exceeded. Their new album \"Es werde Nicht\" (translates to \"Let there be Not\" or \"Let Not Be\", a pun on \"Es werde Licht\" - \"Let there be Light\") has been released in September 2011, followed by a big tour with concerts of regular length.", "Q294321": "James Brendan Bennet \"Jamie\" Connolly (Irish: S\u00e9amas Breand\u00e1n \u00d3 Conghaile, October 28, 1868 \u2013 January 20, 1957) was an American athlete and author. In 1896, he was the first modern Olympic champion.", "Q236958": "Katherine Anne Porter (May 15, 1890 \u2013 September 18, 1980) was an American journalist, essayist, short story writer, novelist, and political activist. Her 1962 novel Ship of Fools was the best-selling novel in America that year, but her short stories received much more critical acclaim.", "Q314535": "Philip Hansen Anselmo (born June 30, 1968) is an American heavy metal musician who is best known as the lead vocalist for Pantera, Down, and Superjoint Ritual. He is also the owner of Housecore Records and has been involved with several other bands.", "Q40898": "Nancy ( NAN-see, also UK: , US: , French: [n\u0251\u0303si]; German: Nanzig [\u02c8nantsi\u00e7]) is the capital of the north-eastern French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, and formerly the capital of the Duchy of Lorraine, and then the French province of the same name. The metropolitan area of Nancy had a population of 434,565 inhabitants at the 2011 census, making it the 20th largest urban area in France. The population of the city of Nancy proper was 104,321 in 2014.The motto of the city is Non inultus premor, Latin for '\"I am not injured unavenged\"'\u2014a reference to the thistle, which is a symbol of Lorraine.\nPlace Stanislas, a large square built between March 1752 and November 1755 by Stanislaus I of Poland to link the medieval old town of Nancy and the new town built under Charles III in the 17th century, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the first place in France and in the top four in the world.\n\n", "Q92706": "Christoph Meinel (Univ.-Prof., Dr. sc. nat., Dr. rer. nat., born 14 April 1954, Mei\u00dfen, Germany) is a German scientist and university professor of computer sciences. He is president and CEO of the Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI) for Digital Engineering, dean of the Digital Engineering Faculty of the University of Potsdam (Germany), and professor for Internet Technologies and Systems.", "Q303049": "Buffy Dee, born Anthony DeSantolo (1923\u20131995), was an Italian-American actor and musician. Buffy Dee suffered from Polio as a child and spent a short portion of his life in wheelchair. Although he recovered, he was left with a slight limp. He went to school for Law and finally finished his degree at the University of Miami. He married Eleanor Korn. He did not have any children. Buffy Dee was a drummer for Carmen Cavallaro.", "Q115687": "Armand-Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud (20 August 1798 \u2013 29 September 1854) was a French soldier and Marshal of France. He served as French Minister of War until the Crimean War when he became Commander-in-chief of the army of the East.", "Q1288519": "Jules Jordan (born May 25, 1972) is an American adult film actor, director, and producer known for his work in gonzo pornography.\nJordan entered the adult film industry as a clerk for a video store. While working in sales, he recruited models and began shooting amateur scenes. In 2006, he launched his production and distribution company Jules Jordan Video. Jordan has been inducted into the AVN and XRCO Halls of Fame.", "Q132238": "Immanuel Gottlob Friedrich Faisst (13 October 1823 in Esslingen am Neckar \u2013 5 June 1894 in Stuttgart) was a German composer and co-founder of the Stuttgart Music School, whose director he was, until his death. His compositions include works for organ, and some exercises on double fugue for piano, lieders, choruses, motets, cantatas, etc. Finally, along with Sigmund Lebert and Hans von B\u00fclow, he published in 1881 the famous Cotta edition of the Beethoven Sonatas.", "Q1300989": "Midori Matsuya, \u677e\u8c37\u7fe0 (18 March 1943 \u2013 9 January 1994) was a Japanese pianist, graduated from Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, studied under Kichigoro Sato, Noboru Toyomasu, Naoya Fukai and Lay Lev.\nHis father was a Japanese Jazz pianist, Minoru Matsuya (1910\u20131995). He taught him how to play the piano since he was a child. He was brought up in an environment to learn both classical and jazz music since his childhood. Also, he learned harmony and composition under Roh Ogura (1916\u20131990) in Kamakura.\nIn 1973, he left to Germany to study at Universit\u00e4t der K\u00fcnste Berlin. In 1975, he returned to Japan and engaged in concert, broadcasting and recording activities. He was a professor in Nihon University, Music Department. He was a piano teacher of Hiroaki Zakoji (1958\u20131987). Composer and vocalist, Fuyuta Matsuya and vocalist, Leo Matsuya are his sons.\nHe recorded his last CD, Light Colored Album, a short time before his death.", "Q2832307": "Aldo Brancher (born 30 May 1943; Trichiana, Veneto) is an Italian politician. He served as a minister without portfolio in the Government of Silvio Berlusconi for 17 days in June/July 2010, but was forced to resign due to a pending court case.\n\n", "Q567780": "H\u00f8gni Karsten Hoydal (born 28 March 1966), commonly called H\u00f8gni Hoydal, is a Faroese politician, who served as Minister of Fisheries and deputy prime minister from 2015 to 2019. He has been the party leader of Tj\u00f3\u00f0veldi since 1998.", "Q242001": "Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre-Diane de M\u00e9rode (27 September 1875 \u2013 17 October 1966) was a French dancer of the Belle \u00c9poque.", "Q45738": "Frank-Markus Barwasser (born 16 February 1960 in W\u00fcrzburg) is a German political satirist and journalist. On stage, he almost always acts as the character of Erwin Pelzig, wearing a corduroy hat.\nBarwasser grew up in W\u00fcrzburg, Lower Franconia, Bavaria. After working for the local newspaper, Main-Post, he studied political science, history and ethnology at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the University of Salamanca. From 1985, he began his career on stage as a satirist. In 1993, he invented the character of Erwin Pelzig, which has been his most popular character ever since.\nUntil 2013, he was co-host, with colleague Urban Priol, of the satirical ZDF show Neues aus der Anstalt and until 2015 he was host of a talk show for the same channel, \"Pelzig h\u00e4lt sich\".", "Q4772088": "Svend Tronkr\u00e6ver or Svend Svendsen (died 1104) was a Danish prince, one of the illegitimate sons of king Sweyn II of Denmark. He shared the same name with his brother Sweyn the Crusader and another brother.\nWhen his brother Eric Evergood died in July 1103 during a pilgrimage, Svend tried to become the next King of Denmark. On the way to the royal elections at Viborg, he became ill. Not wanting any rivals to get there ahead of him, he continued the journey anyway, but died of hardships. Instead, his younger brother Niels, the last surviving son of King Sweyn II, was elected king the following year.\nHe was the father of Henrik Skadel\u00e5r and grandfather of King Magnus II of Sweden.", "Q377910": "Post-hardcore is a punk rock music genre that maintains the aggression and intensity of hardcore punk but emphasizes a greater degree of creative expression initially inspired by post-punk and noise rock. Like post-punk, the term has been applied to a broad constellation of groups. Post-hardcore began in the 1980s with bands like H\u00fcsker D\u00fc, and Minutemen. The genre expanded in the 1980s and 1990s with releases by bands from cities that had established hardcore scenes, such as Fugazi from Washington, D.C. as well as groups such as Big Black and Jawbox that stuck closer to post-hardcore's noise rock roots. In the 2000s, post-hardcore achieved mainstream success with the popularity of bands like My Chemical Romance, AFI, Underoath, Hawthorne Heights, The Used, At the Drive-In and Senses Fail. In the 2010s, post-hardcore bands like Sleeping with Sirens and Pierce the Veil achieved success and bands like Title Fight and La Dispute experienced underground popularity.", "Q44426": "Rainer Werner Fassbinder (German: [\u02c8\u0281a\u026a\u032fn\u0250 \u02c8v\u025b\u0250\u032fn\u0250 \u02c8fas\u02ccb\u026and\u0250]; 31 May 1945 \u2013 10 June 1982), sometimes credited as R. W. Fassbinder, was a West German filmmaker, actor, playwright, theatre director, composer, cinematographer, editor, and essayist. He is widely regarded as a prominent figure and catalyst of the New German Cinema movement.\nHis first feature-length film was a gangster movie called Love Is Colder Than Death (1969); he scored his first domestic commercial success with The Merchant of Four Seasons (1972) and his first international success with Ali: Fear Eats the Soul (1974), both of which are considered masterpieces by contemporary critics. Big-budget projects such as Despair (1978), Lili Marleen and Lola (both 1981) followed.\nHis greatest success came with The Marriage of Maria Braun (1979), chronicling the rise and fall of a German woman in the wake of World War II. Other notable films include The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant (1972), Fox and His Friends (1975), Satan's Brew (1976), and Querelle (1982), all of which focused on gay and lesbian themes.\nFassbinder died on 10 June 1982, at the age of 37, from a lethal cocktail of cocaine and barbiturates. Although his career lasted less than two decades, he was extremely prolific; by the time of his death, he had completed over forty feature films, two television series, three short films, four video productions, and twenty-four plays.", "Q138073": "Harry John Newman Treadaway (born 10 September 1984) is an English actor known for his performances as Victor Frankenstein on the horror-drama series Penny Dreadful and Brady Hartsfield on Audience's Mr. Mercedes.", "Q117090": "How I Won the War is a 1967 British black comedy film directed and produced by Richard Lester, based on a novel of the same name by Patrick Ryan. The film stars Michael Crawford as bungling British Army Officer Lieutenant Earnest Goodbody, with John Lennon (in his only non-musical role, as Musketeer Gripweed), Jack MacGowran (Musketeer Juniper), Roy Kinnear (Musketeer Clapper) and Lee Montague (Sergeant, although referred to by the equivalent, albeit fictional rank of \"Corporal of Musket\" Transom) as soldiers under his command. The film uses an inconsistent variety of styles\u2014vignette, straight-to-camera, and, extensively, parody of the war film genre, docu-drama, and popular war literature\u2014to tell the story of 3rd Troop, the 4th Musketeers (a fictional regiment reminiscent of the Royal Fusiliers and the Household Cavalry) and their misadventures in the Second World War. This is told in the comic/absurdist vein throughout, a central plot being the setting-up of an \"Advanced Area Cricket Pitch\" behind enemy lines in North Africa, but it is all broadly based on the Western Desert Campaign in mid-late 1942 and the crossing of the last intact bridge on the Rhine at Remagen in early 1945. The film was not critically well received.\n\n", "Q471690": "The Andean Community (Spanish: Comunidad Andina, CAN) is a free trade area with the objective of creating a customs union comprising the South American countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The trade bloc was called the Andean Pact until 1996 and came into existence when the Cartagena Agreement was signed in 1969. Its headquarters are in Lima, Peru.\nThe Andean Community has 98 million inhabitants living in an area of 4,700,000 square kilometers, whose Gross Domestic Product amounted to US$745.3 billion in 2005, including Venezuela, who was a member at that time. Its estimated GDP PPP for 2011 amounts to US$902.86 billion, excluding Venezuela.", "Q3731102": "Erastus Corning I (December 14, 1794 \u2013 April 9, 1872) was an American businessman and politician.", "Q2602193": "Alan Wilfred Bishop (27 May 1920 \u2013 30 June 1988) was a British geotechnical engineer and academic, working at Imperial College London.\nHe was known for the Bishop's method of analysing soil slopes. After his graduation from Emmanuel College, Cambridge, Bishop worked under Alec Skempton and obtained his PhD in 1952 with his thesis title being: The stability of earth dams. He worked extensively in the field of experimental Soil mechanics and developed apparati for soil testing, such as the triaxial test and the ring shear.\nHis contribution to the science was widely acknowledged and he was invited in 1966 to deliver the 6th Rankine Lecture of the British Geotechnical Association titled: The strength of soils as engineering materials.Nowadays, a part of the Soil Mechanics Laboratories at Imperial College is named after him in recognition of his long-time work at the College.", "Q9299236": "", "Q4799997": "Arthur Joseph Hungerford Pollen (13 September 1866 \u2013 28 January 1937) was an English journalist, businessman, and commentator on naval affairs who devised a new computerised fire-control system for use on battleships prior to the First World War. His most important technical innovation was one of the world's first electrically-powered analogue computers, patented as the Argo Clock: a differential analyser which enabled big guns to engage with long-range targets when both ships were moving at speed in different directions.", "Q75823": "Clara Zetkin (; German: [\u02c8ts\u025btki\u02d0n]; n\u00e9e Ei\u00dfner [\u02c8a\u026asn\u0250]; 5 July 1857 \u2013 20 June 1933) was a German Marxist theorist, activist, and advocate for women's rights.Until 1917, she was active in the Social Democratic Party of Germany, then she joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and its far-left wing, the Spartacist League; this later became the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), which she represented in the Reichstag during the Weimar Republic from 1920 to 1933.", "Q357418": "Massive Attack are an English musical group formed in 1988 in Bristol, consisting of Robert \"3D\" Del Naja, Grant \"Daddy G\" Marshall, and formerly Andy \"Mushroom\" Vowles (\"Mush\"). Their debut album Blue Lines was released in 1991, with the single \"Unfinished Sympathy\" reaching the charts and later being voted the 63rd greatest song of all time in a poll by NME. 1998's Mezzanine, containing \"Teardrop\", and 2003's 100th Window charted in the UK at number one. Both Blue Lines and Mezzanine feature in Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.The group has won numerous music awards throughout their career, including a Brit Award\u2014winning Best British Dance Act, two MTV Europe Music Awards, and two Q Awards. They have released five studio albums that have sold over 13 million copies worldwide.", "Q275875": "Andriy Mykhailovych Danylko (Ukrainian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0301\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043a\u043e; Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043a\u043e, romanized: Andrey Mikhaylovich Danilko; born 2 October 1973), better known for his drag stage persona Verka Serduchka (Ukrainian: \u0412\u0454\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044e\u0447\u043a\u0430; Russian: \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044e\u0447\u043a\u0430), is a Ukrainian comedian and pop and dance singer. Danylko represented Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 as Verka Serduchka and finished in second place. Serduchka has sold over 600,000 records during his career in Ukraine.\nAs a character actor, Danylko has also appeared in over a dozen television films and is also known for appearing as Serduchka in the 2015 American comedy film Spy.", "Q2856695": "Antoine Rostand (born 1962 in Paris) is a French businessman.\n\n", "Q161106": "Konstantin Pavlovich (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0301\u043d \u041f\u0430\u0301\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447; 8 May [O.S. 27 April] 1779 \u2013 27 June [O.S. 15 June] 1831) was a grand duke of Russia and the second son of Emperor Paul I and Sophie Dorothea of W\u00fcrttemberg. He was the heir-presumptive for most of his elder brother Alexander I's reign, but had secretly renounced his claim to the throne in 1823. For 25 days after the death of Alexander I, from 19 November (O.S.)/1 December 1825 to 14 December (O.S.)/26 December 1825 he was known as His Imperial Majesty Konstantin I Emperor and Sovereign of Russia, although he never reigned and never acceded to the throne. His younger brother Nicholas became Tsar in 1825. The succession controversy became the pretext of the Decembrist revolt.\nKonstantin was known to eschew court etiquette and to take frequent stands against the wishes of his brother Alexander I, for which he is remembered fondly in Russia, but in his capacity as the governor of Poland he is remembered as a hated ruler.", "Q235289": "Ann Sothern (born Harriette Arlene Lake; January 22, 1909 \u2013 March 15, 2001) was an American actress who worked on stage, radio, film, and television, in a career that spanned nearly six decades. Sothern began her career in the late 1920s in bit parts in films. In 1930, she made her Broadway stage debut and soon worked her way up to starring roles. In 1939, MGM cast her as Maisie Ravier, a brash yet lovable Brooklyn showgirl. The character, based on the Maisie short stories by Nell Martin, proved to be popular and spawned a successful film series (Congo Maisie, Gold Rush Maisie, Up Goes Maisie, etc.) and a network radio series (The Adventures of Maisie).\nIn 1953, Sothern moved into television as the star of her own sitcom Private Secretary. The series aired for five seasons on CBS and earned Sothern three Primetime Emmy Award nominations. In 1958, she starred in another sitcom for CBS, The Ann Sothern Show, which aired for three seasons. From 1965 to 1966, Sothern provided the voice of Gladys Crabtree, the title character in the sitcom My Mother the Car. She continued her career throughout the late 1960s with stage and film appearances and guest-starring roles on television. Due to health issues, she worked sporadically during the 1970s and 1980s.\nIn 1987, Sothern appeared in her final film The Whales of August, starring Bette Davis and Lillian Gish. Sothern earned her only Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the film. After filming concluded, she retired to Ketchum, Idaho, where she spent her remaining years before her death from heart failure in March 2001. Lucille Ball, whom she appeared alongside on Ball's program The Lucy Show on multiple occasions, called Sothern \"the best comedian in the business, bar none.\"", "Q1769276": "Nevado San Francisco, or Cerro San Francisco (Spanish pronunciation: [sa\u0271 f\u027ean\u02c8\u03b8isko]), is a stratovolcano on the border between Argentina and Chile, located just southeast of San Francisco Pass. It is considered extinct and is one of the several 6,000 m (19,700 ft) peaks in the area, of which the chief is the Ojos del Salado. \nThe volcano is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes. It is composed from andesite with the exception of basaltic cones and lava flows on the eastern side. These cones are part of the Peinado lineament and a sample was dated 200,000 years ago by argon chronology. They are noteworthy for their olivine phenocrysts. One lava flow less than one million years old reaches a length of 11 kilometres (6.8 mi). The western slopes contain dacitic lava domes. On the summit lie two circle-shaped constructs, of Inca or Formative period ages.", "Q660057": "Fanas is a Swiss village in the Pr\u00e4ttigau and a former municipality in the political district of Pr\u00e4ttigau/Davos in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2011 Fanas and Valzeina were merged with the municipality of Gr\u00fcsch.", "Q596779": "Christopher Scott Thile (; born February 20, 1981) is an American mandolinist, singer, songwriter, composer, and radio personality, best known for his work in the progressive acoustic trio Nickel Creek and the acoustic folk and progressive bluegrass quintet Punch Brothers. He is a 2012 MacArthur Fellow. In October 2016, he became the host of the radio variety show A Prairie Home Companion, which in December 2017 was renamed Live from Here.", "Q232280": "Linda Denise Blair (born January 22, 1959) is an American actress. Blair played the possessed child, Regan, in the film The Exorcist (1973), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award and won a Golden Globe. She reprised her role in Exorcist II: The Heretic (1977), for which she was nominated for a Saturn Award.\nBlair would go on to star in numerous controversial dramatic television films, such as Born Innocent (1974) and Sarah T. \u2013 Portrait of a Teenage Alcoholic (1975) before establishing herself as a sex symbol in the musical Roller Boogie in 1979. The 1980s saw Blair starring in numerous exploitation and horror films, such as the slasher film Hell Night (1981), the prison drama Chained Heat (1983), and the Grindhouse cult thriller Savage Streets (1984).\nThroughout the 1990s, Blair appeared in various independent films and B movies, as well as several television credits: From 2001 to 2003, she was the host of the Fox Family reality series Scariest Places on Earth, and in 2006 had a guest role on the series Supernatural. She also appeared as herself on the Animal Planet series Pit Boss from 2010 to 2012.\nIn addition to her acting credits, Blair has publicly supported various charitable causes, specifically animal rights. In 2004, she founded the Linda Blair WorldHeart Foundation, which serves to rehabilitate and adopt rescue animals.", "Q3568965": "William Stamps Farish III (born March 17, 1939, in Houston, Texas) is an American businessman and a former US ambassador to the UK from 2001 until 2004.", "Q88038": "Louise Dumont (n\u00e9e Louise Maria Hubertine Heynen; 22 February 1862, Cologne \u2013 16 May 1932, D\u00fcsseldorf) was a German actress and theater director.", "Q1932643": "Uro\u0161 II (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0423\u0440\u043e\u0448 II), also known as Primislav (\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432) or Prvoslav (\u041f\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432), was Serbian Grand Prince from ca. 1145 to 1162, with brief interruptions as ruler by Desa, his brother. His rule was characterized by a period of power struggle, not only of the Serbian throne between the brothers, but between the Byzantine Empire and Kingdom of Hungary, of which he took advantage. He had two brothers Desa and Belo\u0161, and a sister Helena of Serbia, Queen of Hungary.", "Q1049": "Sudan (; Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u200e as-S\u016bd\u0101n), officially the Republic of the Sudan (Arabic: \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u200e Jumh\u016briyyat as-S\u016bd\u0101n), is a country in Northeast Africa. Bordered by Egypt to the north, Libya to the northwest, Chad to the west, the Central African Republic to the southwest, South Sudan to the south, Ethiopia to the southeast, Eritrea to the east, and the Red Sea to the northeast. Sudan has a population of 43 million (2018 estimate) and occupies 1,886,068 square kilometres (728,215 square miles), making it Africa's third-largest country and also the third-largest in the Arab world. It was the largest country in Africa and the Arab world by area before South Sudan's \nsecession.Sudan's history goes back to the Pharaonic period, witnessing the kingdom of Kerma (c. 2500 BC\u20131500 BC), the subsequent rule of the Egyptian New Kingdom (c. 1500 BC\u20131070 BC) and the rise of the kingdom of Kush (c. 785 BC\u2013350 AD), which would in turn control Egypt itself for nearly a century. After the fall of Kush, the Nubians formed the three Christian kingdoms of Nobatia, Makuria and Alodia, with the latter two lasting until around 1500. Between the 14th and 15th centuries much of Sudan was settled by Arab nomads. From the 16th\u201319th centuries, central and eastern Sudan were dominated by the Funj sultanate, while Darfur ruled the west and the Ottomans the far north. This period saw extensive Islamisation and Arabisation.\nFrom 1820 to 1874 the entirety of Sudan was conquered by the Muhammad Ali dynasty. Between 1881 and 1885, the harsh Egyptian reign was eventually met with a successful revolt led by the self-proclaimed Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad, resulting in the establishment of the Caliphate of Omdurman. This state was eventually destroyed in 1898 by the British, who would then govern Sudan together with Egypt.\nThe 20th century saw the growth of Sudanese nationalism and in 1953 Britain granted Sudan self-government. Independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956. Since independence, Sudan has been ruled by a series of unstable parliamentary governments and military regimes. Under Gaafar Nimeiry, Sudan instituted Islamic law in 1983. This exacerbated the rift between the Islamic north, the seat of the government and the Animists and Christians in the south. Differences in language, religion, and political power erupted in a civil war between government forces, strongly influenced by the National Islamic Front (NIF), and the southern rebels, whose most influential faction was the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), eventually concluding in the independence of South Sudan in 2011. Between 1989 and 2019, Sudan experienced a 30-year-long military dictatorship led by Omar al-Bashir. Due to his actions, a War in Darfur Region broke out in 2003. Bashir was accused of ethnic genocide. Overall, the regime left 300,000\u2013400,000 dead. Protests erupted in late 2018, demanding Bashir's resignation, which resulted in a successful coup d'\u00e9tat on April 11, 2019.", "Q89326": "Eugen Binder von Krieglstein (July 6, 1873 \u2013 September 17, 1914) was an Austrian journalist, war correspondent and travel writer; he sometimes used the pen names of Eugen Krieglstein or Eugen Binder-Krieglstein. In addition to his journalistic work, he also gave lectures about his war experiences illustrated with photographs which we took at the various locations. Von Krieglstein also published numerous travel narratives, and works of fiction, including collections of short-stories and novels.", "Q167211": "Alan Gabriel Ludwig Garc\u00eda P\u00e9rez (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8ala\u014b \u0261a\u03b2\u02c8\u027ejel lu\u00f0\u02c8wi\u0263 \u0261a\u027e\u02c8si.a \u02c8pe\u027ees]; 23 May 1949 \u2013 17 April 2019) was a Peruvian politician who served as President of Peru from 1985 to 1990 and again from 2006 to 2011. He was the second leader of the Peruvian Aprista Party and the only party member ever to have served as President.His first presidential term was marked by a severe economic crisis, social unrest and violence. He ran unsuccessfully for the presidency in 2001, losing in a run-off to Alejandro Toledo. In 2006, he was elected to the presidency for a second term. During Garc\u00eda's second term, due to the increase in global metal prices, Peru experienced a steady economy, though his tenure also saw increased social conflict regarding indigenous rights and corruption.On 17 April 2019, Garc\u00eda shot himself as police officers were preparing to arrest him over matters relating to the Odebrecht scandal; he died hours later.He was known as an immensely talented and charismatic orator, recognized by South American leaders and critics as one of the best orators of the Spanish language.", "Q5140148": "Codename: Kyril is a 208-minute British serial, first broadcast in 1988. It is a Cold War espionage drama, starring Ian Charleson, Edward Woodward, Denholm Elliott, Joss Ackland, and Richard E. Grant. The spy thriller was directed by Ian Sharp, and the screenplay was written by John Hopkins, from a 1981 novel by John Trenhaile. The fairly complex plot concerns a known Russian spy (\"Kyril\") sent to the UK under falsely reported pretenses in order to hopefully indirectly spark an unknown mole in the KGB to reveal himself; the endeavor eventually has repercussions which none of the initial players could have predicted.", "Q2386070": "Sugar Hill Records is an American bluegrass and Americana record label.\nIt was founded in Durham, North Carolina in 1978 by Barry Poss and David Freeman, the owner of County Records and Rebel Records. Poss acquired full control of Sugar Hill in 1980 and owned the label until 1998, when he sold it to the Welk Music Group, owner of Vanguard Records. Poss stayed on as president, and in 2002 was promoted to chairman. Sugar Hill remained in Durham until 2007, when Poss moved the label to Nashville, Tennessee.\nAmong the many notable artists who have released albums on the label are Nickel Creek, Doc Watson, Townes Van Zandt, Ricky Skaggs, Guy Clark, Robert Earl Keen, Sam Bush and Dolly Parton. One of Parton's albums for Sugar Hill, Halos & Horns (2002), included a song called \"Sugar Hill\", which she wrote as a tribute to the label. In 2008, Welk Music Group appointed EMI as distributor of its labels including Sugar Hill.In 2006, Sugar Hill executive Barry Poss won a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Americana Music Association.The label was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music in April 2015.It is not related to the hip hop label of the same name.", "Q14577": "Udligenswil is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q310035": "Major-General Charles George Gordon CB (28 January 1833 \u2013 26 January 1885), also known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British Army officer and administrator. He saw action in the Crimean War as an officer in the British Army. However, he made his military reputation in China, where he was placed in command of the \"Ever Victorious Army,\" a force of Chinese soldiers led by European officers. In the early 1860s, Gordon and his men were instrumental in putting down the Taiping Rebellion, regularly defeating much larger forces. For these accomplishments, he was given the nickname \"Chinese Gordon\" and honours from both the Emperor of China and the British.\nHe entered the service of the Khedive of Egypt in 1873 (with British government approval) and later became the Governor-General of the Sudan, where he did much to suppress revolts and the local slave trade. Exhausted, he resigned and returned to Europe in 1880.\nA serious revolt then broke out in the Sudan, led by a Muslim religious leader and self-proclaimed Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad. In early 1884 Gordon had been sent to Khartoum with instructions to secure the evacuation of loyal soldiers and civilians and to depart with them. In defiance of those instructions, after evacuating about 2,500 civilians he retained a smaller group of soldiers and non-military men. In the buildup to battle, the two leaders corresponded, each attempting to convert the other to his faith, but neither would accede.\nBesieged by the Mahdi's forces, Gordon organised a citywide defence lasting almost a year that gained him the admiration of the British public, but not of the government, which had wished him not to become entrenched. Only when public pressure to act had become irresistible did the government, with reluctance, send a relief force. It arrived two days after the city had fallen and Gordon had been killed.", "Q13218": "Xhosa (Xhosa pronunciation: [\u02c8\u01c1\u02b0\u0254sa]), also isiXhosa, is a Nguni Bantu language with click consonants and is one of the official languages of South Africa and Zimbabwe. Xhosa is spoken as a first language by approximately 8.2 million people and by another 11 million as a second language in South Africa, mostly in Eastern Cape Province, Western Cape, Gauteng and Northern Cape. It is also notable for having perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consonants in a Bantu language (approximately tied with Yeyi), with one count finding that 10% of basic vocabulary items contained a click.", "Q382557": "Simon Andrew Hicks Mayo (born 21 September 1958) is an English radio presenter and author who has worked for BBC Radio since 1982. Mayo was the presenter of Simon Mayo Drivetime on BBC Radio 2 between January 2010 to May 2018 and is, with Mark Kermode, presenter of Kermode and Mayo's Film Review on BBC Radio 5 Live. Mayo was the presenter of a revamped drive time show on Radio 2 with co-host Jo Whiley which was broadcast from 14 May 2018 to 20 December 2018. Mayo presented the last show solo the following day, which marked the end of his career on the station after 17 years of broadcasting.\nIn 2008, Mayo was recognised as the \"Radio Broadcaster of the Year\" at the 34th annual Broadcasting Press Guild Awards, and the \"Speech Broadcaster of the Year\" at the Sony Radio Academy Awards, receiving the latter for his \"ability to paint colourful pictures of location and event and his ability to bring the very best out of his guests, encouraging conversation and interaction between them while skilfully nudging and controlling them\" and for being \"a master of light and shade, handling serious and lighter issues with aplomb.\"Mayo is the author of several books, including the acclaimed Itch trilogy of thrillers for younger readers. He is one of the highest paid BBC radio presenters.", "Q76494": "Klaus Groth (24 April 1819 \u2013 1 June 1899) was a Low German poet.", "Q59477": "James Miller (March 23, 1942 \u2013 October 22, 1994) was an American record producer and musician. While he produced albums for dozens of different bands and artists, he is most closely associated for his work with several key musical acts of the 1960s and 1970s. He rose to prominence working with the various bands of vocalist Steve Winwood (including Spencer Davis Group, Traffic, and Blind Faith). His best acclaimed work was his late 1960s-early 1970s work with the Rolling Stones for whom he produced a string of singles and albums that rank among the most critically and financially successful works of the band's career: Beggars Banquet (1968), Let It Bleed (1969), Sticky Fingers (1971), Exile on Main St. (1972) and Goats Head Soup (1973). In the late 1970s, he began working with the band Mot\u00f6rhead and continued to produce until his death in 1994.\n\n", "Q3886": "Dorsten (German pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0254\u0281st\u0259n]) is a town in the district of Recklinghausen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and has a population of about 75,000.\nDorsten is situated on the western rim of Westphalia bordering the Rhineland. Its historical old town lies on the south bank of the river Lippe and the Wesel\u2013Datteln Canal and was granted city rights in 1251. During the twentieth century, the town was enlarged in its north by the villages of the former Herrlichkeit Lembeck. While Dorsten's northern districts are thus shaped by the rural M\u00fcnsterland with its many historical castles, just south of the town the Ruhr region begins, Germany's largest urban agglomeration with more than seven million inhabitants.\nThe exact linguistic derivation of the word \"Dorsten\" is unknown, leaving the meaning of the town's name unclear.", "Q633369": "Thierry Desmarest (born 18 December 1945 in Paris) is a French businessman. He is the current honorary chairman of Total. He was also chief executive officer at Total from May 1995 until February 2007, when he was replaced by Christophe de Margerie.In 1999, Desmarest had led the TotalFina oil company through the acquisition of a Belgium oil company, Petrofina, for $12 billion. In July 1999, Desmarest had also led the TotalFina enterprise through the acquisition of Elf Acquitaine for $44 billion. It was this procurement that raised TotalFina to the fourth largest oil company in the world. \nDesmarest has multinational and continental experience within the oil industry. As a head of the exploration and production department at TotalFina he was stationed in Venezuela and Algeria. During his time over seas, he procured oil and gas reserves to add to Totalfina's oil supply. In 1995, Desmarest he closed a landmark deal with Tehran in Iran making Totalfina the first oil company outside of Iran to drill for oil since 1979. Desmarest's contemporaries have nicknamed him \"Le Petit Prince\" (The Little Prince).His position as chairman of the board of directors of Total expired on 18 December 2015, in line with the age limits specified by the group. Thierry Desmarest still remains honorary chairman of Total and will remain as a director until the annual shareholders\u2019 meeting on 24 May 2016.\n\n", "Q1130158": "Granma is the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party. It was formed in 1965 by the merger of two previous papers, Revoluci\u00f3n and Hoy. Publication of the newspaper began in February of 1966. Its name comes from the yacht Granma that carried Fidel Castro and 81 other rebels to Cuba's shores in 1956, launching the Cuban Revolution. The newspaper has been a way for Fidel Castro and the Cuban Communist Party to communicate their ideology to the world, especially in regards to the United States. Marta Rojas worked for the paper since its founding.", "Q68872": "Margrit Kennedy (November 21, 1939, Chemnitz - December 28, 2013, Steyerberg) was a German architect, professor, environmentalist, author and world authority on and advocate of complementary currencies and an interest- and inflation-free economy. In 2011, she initiated the movement Occupy Money.", "Q231951": "Connie Inge-Lise Nielsen (born 3 July 1965) is a Danish actress whose first major role in an English language film was a supporting role in The Devil's Advocate (1997). Her films include Gladiator (2000), Mission to Mars (2000), One Hour Photo (2002), Basic (2003), The Hunted (2003), The Ice Harvest (2005), and Nymphomaniac (2014). She starred as Meredith Kane on the Starz TV series Boss (2011\u20132012) and was a lead character in the second season of The Following. She has joined the DC Extended Universe, appearing as Hippolyta in its films Wonder Woman (2017), Justice League (2017) and Wonder Woman 1984 (2020).", "Q268824": "Fright Night is a 2011 American horror comedy film directed by Craig Gillespie and produced by Michael De Luca and Alison Rosenzweig. A remake of Tom Holland's Fright Night, the film's screenplay was adapted by Marti Noxon. The plot follows a teenaged boy who discovers that his neighbor is actually a vampire, which culminates in a battle between the two. The film held its world premiere at The O2 in London on August 14, 2011. It was released in the United States by Touchstone Pictures on August 19, 2011, in RealD 3D.Upon its release, Fright Night grossed $41 million against a production budget of $30 million. It received generally positive reviews, with many praising its humor and the cast performances, notably Farrell's acting.", "Q208108": "Catch Me If You Can is a 2002 American biographical crime film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay by Jeff Nathanson. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks, with Christopher Walken, Martin Sheen and Nathalie Baye in supporting roles. The film is based on the life of Frank Abagnale, who, before his 19th birthday, successfully performed cons worth millions of dollars by posing as a Pan American World Airways pilot, a Georgia doctor and a Louisiana parish prosecutor. His foremost crime was check fraud; he became so highly skilled that the FBI later turned to him for help catching other check forgers.\nDevelopment for the film began in 1980 but dragged on until 1997, when Spielberg's DreamWorks bought the film rights to Abagnale's book. David Fincher, Gore Verbinski, Lasse Hallstr\u00f6m, Milo\u0161 Forman and Cameron Crowe were all considered to direct the film before Spielberg decided to direct it himself. Filming took place from February to May 2002. \nThe film opened on December 25, 2002 to critical and commercial success. At the 75th Academy Awards, Christopher Walken and John Williams were nominated for Best Supporting Actor and Best Original Score.", "Q77952": "Martina Hill (born 14 July 1974) is a German actress, comedian and impersonator. She has been awarded the German Comedy Award, the German TV Award, as well as the prestigious Adolf-Grimme-Preis and the Bambi Award.", "Q3296638": "Allison Randal is a software developer and author. She was the chief architect of the Parrot virtual machine, a member of the board of directors for The Perl Foundation, a director of the Python Software Foundation from 2010 to 2012, and the chairman of the Parrot Foundation. She is also the lead developer of Punie, the port of Perl 1 to Parrot. She is co-author of Perl 6 and Parrot Essentials and the Synopses of Perl 6. She was employed by O'Reilly Media. From August 2010 till February 2012, Randal was the Technical Architect of Ubuntu at Canonical.In 2009, Randal was chair of O'Reilly's Open Source Convention (OSCON). She was elected a fellow of the Python Software Foundation in 2010.She is currently a director of the Open Source Initiative and was its president between 2015 and 2017, taking over from and handing back to Simon Phipps. She also serves on the OpenStack Foundation board of directors.", "Q2540": "Christian Wilhelm Walter Wulff (German pronunciation: [\u02c8k\u0281\u026asti\u032fan \u02c8v\u026alh\u025blm \u02c8valt\u0250 v\u028alf]; born 19 June 1959) is a German politician and lawyer. He served as President of Germany from 2010 to 2012. A member of the Christian Democratic Union, he served as Minister-President of the state of Lower Saxony from 2003 to 2010. He was elected President in the 30 June 2010 presidential election, defeating opposition candidate Joachim Gauck and taking office immediately, although he was not sworn in until 2 July.On 17 February 2012, Wulff resigned as President of Germany, facing the prospect of prosecution for allegations of corruption relating to his prior service as Minister-President of Lower Saxony. In 2014, he was acquitted of all corruption charges by the Hanover regional court.", "Q561497": "Ferdinand \u010eur\u010dansk\u00fd (December 18, 1906 \u2013 March 15, 1974) was a Slovak nationalist leader who for a time served with as a minister in the government of the Axis-aligned Slovak State in 1939 and 1940. He was known for spreading virulent antisemitic propaganda, although he left the government before the Holocaust in Slovakia was fully implemented. After the war, he joined the Gehlen Organization.", "Q39383": "Bod\u00f8 (pronounced [\u02c8b\u00fb\u02d0d\u00f8\u02d0] (listen)) or B\u00e5d\u00e5ddjo (Lule Sami) is a town in Bod\u00f8 Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of Bod\u00f8 Municipality and of Nordland county. It is located on the Bod\u00f8 peninsula between the Vestfjorden and the Saltfjorden. Bod\u00f8 is located just north of the Arctic Circle. It is the largest urban area and town in Nordland county and it is the second-largest town in North Norway.The 14.16-square-kilometre (3,500-acre) town has a population (2018) of 41,215 and a population density of 2,911 inhabitants per square kilometre (7,540/sq mi).", "Q112856": "Ernst Fuchs (13 February 1930 \u2013 9 November 2015) was an Austrian painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor, architect, stage designer, composer, poet, singer and one of the founders of the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism. In 1972, he acquired the derelict Otto Wagner Villa in H\u00fctteldorf, which he restored and transformed. The villa was inaugurated as the Ernst Fuchs Museum in 1988.\n\n", "Q465183": "Renate Maria Dorrestein (25 January 1954 \u2013 4 May 2018) was a Dutch writer, journalist and feminist.\nShe started working as a junior journalist for the Dutch magazines Libelle and Panorama. During the period 1977 - 1982 she published in Het Parool, Viva, Onkruid and Opzij. Dorrestein published her first novel (Buitenstaanders) in 1983. Her sister's suicide had a great influence on her books. Dorrestein won the Annie Romein prize in 1993 for her complete body of work. A lot of Dorrestein's books were translated, and they were sold in 14 countries.\nIn September 2017 Dorrestein publicly announced that she was suffering from esophageal cancer. She died on 4 May 2018 at the age of 64.", "Q1167000": "Daryl Palumbo (born February 10, 1979) is an American musician, originally from Bellmore, New York. He is the frontman of the bands Glassjaw, Head Automatica and Color Film. As a youth he was a member of the Long Island straight edge band XbustedX. In 1993 he met guitarist Justin Beck, who would become his good friend. Together they formed Glassjaw.\nPalumbo has Crohn's disease, which has acted as inspiration for much of his musical output, most notably in the lyrical content of Glassjaw's major label debut Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Silence. His affliction has affected his bands' ability to tour, including the cancellation of a tour with The Used in 2005.", "Q728985": "Jan Wilhelm Malmsj\u00f6 (born 29 May 1932) is a Swedish stage and film actor, musical star and singer. He is married to Marie G\u00f6ranzon and father to Jonas Malmsj\u00f6.", "Q380340": "The Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) is a regional international organization focusing on multilateral political and economic initiatives aimed at fostering cooperation, peace, stability and prosperity in the Black Sea region. It traces its origin to 25 June 1992, when Turkish President Turgut \u00d6zal and leaders of ten other countries gathered in Istanbul and signed the Summit Declaration and the \"Bosphorus Statement\". BSEC Headquarters \u2013 the Permanent International Secretariat of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC PERMIS) \u2013 was established in March 1994, also in Istanbul.With the entry into force of its Charter on 1 May 1999, BSEC acquired international legal identity and was transformed into a full-fledged regional economic organization: Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation. With the accession of Serbia (then Serbia and Montenegro) in April 2004, the Organization\u2019s Member States increased to twelve.An important aspect of the activities of BSEC is the development of SME and entrepreneurship in the member countries. Concerning these issues, a series of workshops have been organized in cooperation with Konrad Adenauer Foundation and ERENET.", "Q122995": "Elsbeth Ebertin (May 14, 1880 \u2013 November 28, 1944) was a German graphic artist, writer and astrologer. Elsbeth used the pseudonym Elsa Gorlizia in her writings. \nShe is most notable for predicting the rise of Adolf Hitler.\nShe was the mother of Reinhold Ebertin, who was also a publisher and astrologer.", "Q163063": "Peter Joseph Andrew Hammill (born 5 November 1948) is an English singer-songwriter. He is a founder member of the progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Best known as a singer/songwriter, he also plays guitar and piano and acts as a record producer for his own recordings and occasionally for other artists. In 2012, he was recognised with the Visionary award at the first Progressive Music Awards.", "Q1545724": "Grenville Mellen Dodge[1] (April 12, 1831 \u2013 January 3, 1916) was a Union army officer on the frontier and pioneering figure in military intelligence during the Civil War, who served as Ulysses S. Grant's intelligence chief in the Western Theater. He served in several notable assignments, including command of the XVI Corps during the Atlanta Campaign.\nHe later served as a U.S. Congressman, businessman, and railroad executive who helped direct the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad. Historian Stanley P. Hirshon suggested that Dodge, \"by virtue of the range of his abilities and activities,\" could be considered \"more important in the national life after the Civil War than his more famous colleagues and friends, Grant, Sherman, and Sheridan.\"", "Q76480": "Luiz (Ludwig) Heinrich Mann (27 March 1871 \u2013 11 March 1950) was a German novelist who wrote works with social themes. From 1930 until 1933 he was president of the fine poetry division of the Prussian Academy of Arts. His numerous criticisms of the growth of fascism forced him to flee Germany after the Nazis came to power during 1933.", "Q313528": "Pier Luigi Nervi (21 June 1891 \u2013 9 January 1979) was an Italian engineer and architect. He studied at the University of Bologna graduating in 1913. Nervi taught as a professor of engineering at Rome University from 1946 to 1961 and is known worldwide as a structural engineer and architect and for his innovative use of reinforced concrete.", "Q154817": "Good Bye Lenin! is a 2003 German tragicomedy film, directed by Wolfgang Becker. The cast includes Daniel Br\u00fchl, Katrin Sa\u00df, Chulpan Khamatova, and Maria Simon. The story follows a family in East Germany; the mother (Sa\u00df) is dedicated to the socialist cause and falls into a coma in October 1989, shortly before the November revolution. When she awakens eight months later in June 1990, her son (Br\u00fchl) attempts to protect her from a fatal shock by concealing the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of communism.Most scenes were shot at the Karl-Marx-Allee in Berlin and around Plattenbauten near Alexanderplatz. Good Bye, Lenin! received numerous honours, including 2003's European Film Award for Best Film and German Film Award for Best Feature Film.\n\n", "Q22003435": "Deanna Bowen (born November 5, 1969) is an interdisciplinary artist whose practice includes films, video installations, performances, drawing, sculpture and photography. Her work addresses issues of trauma and memory through an investigation of personal and official histories related to American slavery, migration, the Civil Rights Movement and the Ku Klux Klan. Bowen is a dual citizen of the US and Canada. She lives and works in Toronto.", "Q390147": "George Joshua Richard Monbiot ( MON-bee-oh; born 27 January 1963) is a British writer known for his environmental and political activism. He writes a weekly column for The Guardian, and is the author of a number of books, including Captive State: The Corporate Takeover of Britain (2000), Feral: Searching for Enchantment on the Frontiers of Rewilding (2013) and Out of the Wreckage: A New Politics in the Age of Crisis (2017). He is the founder of The Land is Ours, a campaign for the right of access to the countryside and its resources in the United Kingdom.\n\n", "Q728991": "Caspar Barlaeus (February 12, 1584 \u2013 January 14, 1648) was a Dutch polymath and Renaissance humanist, a theologian, poet, and historian.", "Q40132": "William Jonas Armstrong (born 1 January 1981) is an Irish-born British actor known for playing the title role in the BBC One drama series Robin Hood.", "Q518626": "Len\u00edn Boltaire Moreno Garc\u00e9s (Spanish pronunciation: [le\u02c8nin bol\u02c8tai\u032f\u027ee mo\u02c8\u027eeno \u0263a\u027e\u02c8ses]; born 19 March 1953) is an Ecuadorian politician who is the current President of Ecuador, in office since May 2017. Moreno was Vice President from 2007 to 2013, serving under President Rafael Correa.\nHe was nominated as the candidate for Correa's PAIS Alliance, a centre-left, democratic socialist political party, in the 2017 presidential election and won a narrow victory in Ecuador's second round of voting on 2 April 2017. However, after his election Moreno drastically shifted his political stance, distancing himself from Correa's leftist legacy and making neoliberal changes to both domestic and foreign policy.Moreno was shot in 1998 in a robbery attempt and thereafter has used a wheelchair. For his advocacy for people with disabilities, he was nominated for the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize. According to the New York Times, when he assumed office on 24 May 2017, Moreno became the world's only currently serving head of state to use a wheelchair.", "Q113584": "Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (Olga Nikolaevna Romanova) (Russian: \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430, IPA: [v\u02b2\u026a\u02c8l\u02b2ik\u0259j\u0259 kn\u02b2\u026a\u02c8\u0290na \u02c8ol\u02b2\u0261\u0259 n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8la\u026avn\u0259] (listen) (Velikaya Knyazhna Ol'ga Nikolaevna); 15 November [O.S. 3 November] 1895 \u2013 17 July 1918) was the eldest child of the last Tsar of the Russian Empire, Emperor Nicholas II, and of Empress Alexandra of Russia.\nDuring her lifetime, Olga's future marriage was the subject of great speculation within Russia. Matches were rumored with Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia, Crown Prince Carol of Romania, Edward, Prince of Wales, eldest son of Britain's George V, and with Crown Prince Alexander of Serbia. Olga herself wanted to marry a Russian and remain in her home country. During World War I, she nursed wounded soldiers in a military hospital until her own nerves gave out and, thereafter, oversaw administrative duties at the hospital.\nOlga's murder following the Russian Revolution of 1917 resulted in her canonization as a passion bearer by the Russian Orthodox Church. In the 1990s, her remains were identified through DNA testing and were buried in a funeral ceremony at Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg along with those of her parents and two of her sisters.", "Q133654": "The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 American psychological horror film directed by Jonathan Demme from a screenplay written by Ted Tally, adapted from Thomas Harris's 1988 novel of the same name. The film stars Jodie Foster, Anthony Hopkins, Scott Glenn, Ted Levine, and Anthony Heald. In the film, Clarice Starling, a young FBI trainee, seeks the advice of the imprisoned Dr. Hannibal Lecter, a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer to apprehend another serial killer, known only as \"Buffalo Bill\", who skins his female victims' corpses. The novel was Harris's first and second respectively to feature the characters of Starling and Lecter, and was the second adaptation of a Harris novel to feature Lecter, preceded by the Michael Mann-directed Manhunter (1986).\nThe Silence of the Lambs was released on February 14, 1991 and grossed $272.7 million worldwide against its $19 million budget, becoming the fifth-highest-grossing film of 1991 worldwide. The film premiered at the 41st Berlin International Film Festival, where it competed for the Golden Bear, while Demme received the Silver Bear for Best Director.\nCritically acclaimed upon release, it became only the third film (the other two being It Happened One Night (1934) and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)) to win Academy Awards in all the top five categories: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Adapted Screenplay. It is also the first (and so far only) Best Picture winner widely considered to be a horror film, and one of only six such films to be nominated in the category.It is regularly cited by critics, film directors and audiences alike as one of the greatest and most influential films of all time. In 2018 Empire ranked it 48th on their list of the 500 greatest movies of all time. The American Film Institute ranked it as the 5th-greatest and most influential thriller film of all time while the characters Clarice Starling and Hannibal Lecter were ranked as the greatest film heroine and villain, respectively. The film is considered \"culturally, historically or aesthetically\" significant by the U.S. Library of Congress and was selected to be preserved in the National Film Registry in 2011. A sequel titled Hannibal was released in 2001, in which Hopkins reprised his role. It was followed by two prequels: Red Dragon (2002) and Hannibal Rising (2007).", "Q327855": "First Love (German: Erste Liebe) is a 1970 film, written, directed, and starred in by Austrian director Maximilian Schell. It is an adaptation of Ivan Turgenev's homonymous novella starring Schell, Dominique Sanda, and John Moulder-Brown.", "Q106837": "Saxo Grammaticus (c. 1160 \u2013 c. 1220), also known as Saxo cognomine Longus, was a Danish historian, theologian and author. He is thought to have been a clerk or secretary to Absalon, Archbishop of Lund, the main advisor to Valdemar I of Denmark. He is the author of the Gesta Danorum, the first full history of Denmark, from which the legend of Amleth would come to inspire the story of Hamlet by Shakespeare.", "Q232294": "Nicole Gale Anderson (born August 29, 1990) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Heather Chandler on The CW series Beauty & the Beast. She is also known for her roles as Macy Misa in the Disney Channel series Jonas and as Kelly Parker and Miranda Collins respectively on the ABC Family shows Make It or Break It and Ravenswood.", "Q44354": "Glenn Thomas Jacobs (born April 26, 1967) is an American professional wrestler, actor, author, businessman, and politician. As a Republican, he is the Mayor of Knox County, Tennessee. In professional wrestling, Jacobs is signed to WWE, where he is known by his ring name Kane. He began his professional wrestling career on the independent circuit in 1992, wrestling in promotions such as Smoky Mountain Wrestling (SMW) and the United States Wrestling Association (USWA) before joining the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) in 1995. Jacobs played various characters until 1997, when he was repackaged as Kane, the younger half-brother of The Undertaker, with whom Jacobs would alternatively feud or team as The Brothers of Destruction.\nFollowing his debut, Kane remained a pivotal component of the WWF's \"Attitude Era\" of the late 1990s and early 2000s, defeating the era's \"poster boy\" Stone Cold Steve Austin for the WWF Championship in his first pay-per-view (PPV) main event at King of the Ring in June 1998. He has continued to headline PPV cards through 2018, and has appeared in more of such events than any other performer in WWF/WWE history.Within WWE, Kane is a three-time world champion (having held the WWF Championship, ECW Championship and World Heavyweight Championship once each) and a 12-time world tag team champion (having held the World Tag Team Championship, WCW Tag Team Championship and WWE Tag Team Championships with various partners). He is also a two-time Intercontinental Champion and a Money in the Bank winner, as well as the third man to complete WWE's Grand Slam. Kane holds the record for cumulative Royal Rumble match eliminations at 44. The last title Kane won was the 24/7 Championship on September 16, 2019, the only title won under his real name. Veteran wrestler Ric Flair described Kane as \"the best in the world\", while Big Show dubbed him \"the best big man ever\".Outside of professional wrestling, Jacobs has made numerous guest appearances in film and on television, including the lead role in the 2006 WWE Studios production See No Evil and its 2014 sequel. He is also a longtime supporter of libertarian political causes. In March 2017, Jacobs announced that he was running for the mayoral seat of Knox County, Tennessee as a Republican. On May 1, 2018, he won the Republican primary election for the mayoral seat of Knox County, and on August 2, went on to win the general election.", "Q90663": "Albert Steinr\u00fcck (20 May 1872 \u2013 10 February 1929) was a German stage and film actor of the silent era. He appeared in 88 films between 1910 and 1929. He starred in the 1923 film The Treasure, which was directed by Georg Wilhelm Pabst. He was also a leading role in the German expressionist 1920 film The Golem, in which he plays a rabbi.", "Q272868": "Julie Cox (born 24 April 1973) is an English actress. She played Princess Irulan in the Sci Fi Channel's 2000 miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune and its 2003 sequel, Frank Herbert's Children of Dune. She also played The Childlike Empress in The Neverending Story III.", "Q350405": "Adam McKay (born April 17, 1968) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, comedian, and actor. McKay served as head writer for the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live for two seasons. He directed Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004), Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006), Step Brothers (2008), The Other Guys (2010), and Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues (2013), all of which he co-wrote with his creative partner Will Ferrell. Together McKay and Ferrell have co-written and produced numerous TV series and films, and produced their comedy website Funny or Die and HBO's Eastbound & Down through their company Gary Sanchez Productions.\nMcKay's The Big Short (2015) was the first film he directed without Ferrell in the cast. Venturing into more dramatic territory, he was nominated for several awards including the Academy Award for Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay and two British Academy Film Awards, Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay, with cowriter Charles Randolph winning Best Adapted Screenplay at each respective ceremony. In 2018, McKay wrote, directed, and produced Vice, a biographical comedy-drama about former US vice president Dick Cheney, which earned him Oscar nominations for Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay.", "Q53628": "Oscar Fredrik von Sydow (12 July 1873 \u2013 19 August 1936) was a Swedish politician who served briefly as Prime Minister of Sweden from 23 February to 13 October 1921.", "Q438284": "Lymari Nadal Torres (born 11 February 1978) is a Puerto Rican actress, film producer and scriptwriter. She has performed different roles in several films including American Gangster and Battlestar Galactica: The Plan. In 2011, she also produced her own film, America, which she also wrote.", "Q296244": "Count Vittorio Alfieri (, also US: , Italian: [vit\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0rjo al\u02c8fj\u025b\u02d0ri]; 16 January 1749 \u2013 8 October 1803) was an Italian dramatist and poet, considered the \"founder of Italian tragedy.\" He wrote nineteen tragedies, sonnets, satires, and a notable autobiography.", "Q1079558": "Christian Friedel (born 9 March 1979) is a German actor and singer.\n\n", "Q5431220": "Faith Ringgold (born October 8, 1930 in Harlem, New York City) is a painter, writer, mixed media sculptor and performance artist, best known for her narrative quilts.", "Q14563": "Adligenswil is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. It is east of the city of Lucerne and borders on canton Schwyz.", "Q131725": "Joan Chandos Baez (; born January 9, 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, musician and activist. Her contemporary folk music often includes songs of protest or social justice. Baez has performed publicly for over 60 years, releasing over 30 albums. Fluent in Spanish and English, she has also recorded songs in at least six other languages.\nBaez is generally regarded as a folk singer, but her music has diversified since the counterculture era of the 1960s and encompasses genres such as folk rock, pop, country and gospel music. She began her recording career in 1960 and achieved immediate success. Her first three albums, Joan Baez, Joan Baez, Vol. 2 and Joan Baez in Concert, all achieved gold record status. Although a songwriter herself, Baez generally interprets other composers' work, having recorded songs by the Allman Brothers Band, the Beatles, Jackson Browne, Leonard Cohen, Woody Guthrie, Violeta Parra, the Rolling Stones, Pete Seeger, Paul Simon, Stevie Wonder, Bob Marley, and many others. She was one of the first major artists to record the songs of Bob Dylan in the early 1960s; Baez was already an internationally celebrated artist and did much to popularize his early songwriting efforts. On her later albums she has found success interpreting the work of more recent songwriters, including Ryan Adams, Josh Ritter, Steve Earle, Natalie Merchant and Joe Henry.\nBaez's acclaimed songs include \"Diamonds & Rust\" and covers of Phil Ochs's \"There but for Fortune\" and The Band's \"The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down\". She is also known for \"Farewell, Angelina\", \"Love Is Just a Four-Letter Word\", \"Forever Young\", \"Here's to You\", \"Joe Hill\", \"Sweet Sir Galahad\" and \"We Shall Overcome\". Baez performed fourteen songs at the 1969 Woodstock Festival and has displayed a lifelong commitment to political and social activism in the fields of nonviolence, civil rights, human rights and the environment. Baez was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 7, 2017.", "Q359421": "Salvator Rosa (June 20 or July 21, 1615 \u2013 March 15, 1673) was an Italian Baroque painter, poet, and printmaker, who was active in Naples, Rome, and Florence. As a painter, he is best known as \"unorthodox and extravagant\" as well as being a \"perpetual rebel\" and a proto-Romantic.\n\n", "Q222939": "Jumanji is a 1995 American fantasy adventure film directed by Joe Johnston. It is loosely based on the 1981 children's book by Chris Van Allsburg and the first installment of the Jumanji franchise. The film was written by Van Allsburg, Greg Taylor, Jonathan Hensleigh, and Jim Strain and stars Robin Williams, Kirsten Dunst, David Alan Grier, Bonnie Hunt, Bradley Pierce, Jonathan Hyde, and Bebe Neuwirth.\nThe story centers on a supernatural board game that releases jungle-based hazards upon its players with every turn they take. As a boy in 1969, Alan Parrish became trapped inside the game itself while playing with his friend Sarah Whittle. Twenty-six years later, siblings Judy and Peter Shepherd find the game, begin playing and then unwittingly release the now-adult Alan. After tracking down Sarah, the quartet resolves to finish the game in order to reverse all of the destruction it has caused and return back to normal.\nThe film was released on December 15, 1995, to mixed reviews, but was a box office success, grossing $263 million worldwide on a budget of approximately $65 million. It was the 10th highest-grossing film of 1995.\nThe film spawned an animated television series, which aired from 1996 to 1999, and was followed by a related film, Zathura: A Space Adventure (2005), and two direct sequels, Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017) and Jumanji: The Next Level (2019), with Columbia Pictures taking over distribution for all subsequent films.\n\n", "Q505677": "Thurston Joseph Moore (born July 25, 1958) is an American musician best known as a member of Sonic Youth. He has also participated in many solo and group collaborations outside Sonic Youth, as well as running the Ecstatic Peace! record label. Moore was ranked 34th in Rolling Stone's 2004 edition of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time.\" In May 2012, Spin published a staff-selected list of the top 100 rock guitarists, and ranked Moore and his Sonic Youth bandmate Lee Ranaldo together at number 1.In 2012, Moore started a new band Chelsea Light Moving, with their first track, \"Burroughs\", released as a free download. Chelsea Light Moving's eponymous debut was released on March 5, 2013.", "Q598026": "Christopher A. Chaney (born June 14, 1970) is an American musician. He is best known as the current bassist of alternative rock band Jane's Addiction, and as a member of Alanis Morissette's touring and recording band for six years. Chaney is also a member of Taylor Hawkins and the Coattail Riders and Camp Freddy. A prolific and versatile session musician, he has played with a variety of recording artists ranging from Joe Cocker, Shakira, Slash, and Avril Lavigne to Sara Bareilles, Gavin Degraw, Cher, Shinedown, and Celine Dion.", "Q379929": "Eug\u00e8ne Marin Labiche (5 May 1815 \u2013 23 January 1888) was a French dramatist, perhaps best known for his 1851 farce written with Marc-Michel, The Italian Straw Hat, which has since been adapted many times to stage and screen.\n\n", "Q311459": "Nikolay Alexandrovich Dobrolyubov (Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0301\u0431\u043e\u0432, IPA: [n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj \u0250l\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ksandr\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 d\u0259br\u0250\u02c8l\u02b2ub\u0259f] (listen); 5 February 1836 \u2013 29 November 1861) was a Russian literary critic, journalist, poet and revolutionary democrat.", "Q12674": "Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (German: [\u02c8di\u02d0zl\u0329] (listen ); 18 March 1858 \u2013 29 September 1913) was a German inventor and mechanical engineer, famous for the invention of the Diesel engine, and for his suspicious death at sea. Diesel was the namesake of the 1942 film Diesel.\n\n", "Q1067000": "Charlie Spand (born May 8, 1893; died after 1958) was an American blues and boogie-woogie pianist and singer, noted for his barrelhouse style. He was deemed one of the most influential piano players of the 1920s. Little is known of his life outside of music, and his total recordings amount to only thirty-three tracks.", "Q168888": "Macei\u00f3 (Portuguese pronunciation: [masej\u02c8j\u0254]) is the capital and the largest city of the coastal state of Alagoas, Brazil. The name \"Macei\u00f3\" is an Indigenous term for a spring. Most macei\u00f3s flow to the sea, but some get trapped and form lakes (\"lagoas\", in Portuguese).\nThere are numerous macei\u00f3s and lakes in this part of Brazil; because of this, the city was named Macei\u00f3, and the state, Alagoas. The new Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport connects Macei\u00f3 with many Brazilian cities and also operates some international flights. The city is home to the Federal University of Alagoas.", "Q1330686": "Anthony Burrows (born 14 April 1942) is an English session pop singer and recording artist.", "Q517273": "Edith Wilson (September 2, 1896 \u2013 March 30, 1981) was an American blues singer and vaudeville performer.", "Q60584": "Christian F\u00fcrchtegott Gellert (4 July 1715 \u2013 13 December 1769) was a German poet, one of the forerunners of the golden age of German literature that was ushered in by Lessing.", "Q57328": "Karl Hermann Frank (24 January 1898 \u2013 22 May 1946) was a prominent Sudeten German Nazi official in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia prior to and during World War II. Attaining the rank of Obergruppenf\u00fchrer, he was in command of the Nazi police apparatus in the Protectorate, including the Gestapo, the SD, and the Kripo. After the war, Frank was tried, convicted and executed for his role in organizing the massacres of the people of the Czech villages of Lidice and Le\u017e\u00e1ky.", "Q16412": "The Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (Hungarian: Magyar Szocialista Munk\u00e1sp\u00e1rt, MSzMP) was the ruling Marxist\u2013Leninist party of the Hungarian People's Republic between 1956 and 1989. It was organised from elements of the Hungarian Working People's Party during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, with J\u00e1nos K\u00e1d\u00e1r as general secretary. The party also controlled its armed forces, the Hungarian People's Army.\nLike all other Eastern Bloc parties, the MSzMP was organized on the basis of democratic centralism, a principle conceived by Vladimir Lenin that entails democratic and open discussion of issues within the party followed by the requirement of total unity in upholding the agreed policies. The highest body within the MSzMP was the party Congress, which convened every five years. When the Congress was not in session, the Central Committee of the MSzMP was the highest body. Because the Central Committee met twice a year, most day-to-day duties and responsibilities were vested in the Politburo. The party leader was the head of government and held the office of either General Secretary, Premier or head of state, or some of the three offices concurrently\u2014but never all three at the same time. The party leader was the de facto chairman of the Politburo and chief executive of Hungary.", "Q61842": "Rudolf Krause (30 March 1907 \u2013 11 April 1987) was a racing driver from East Germany.\nBorn in Reichenbach im Vogtland, Krause is mainly known as one of the leading sportsmen in motor racing in Formula Two, during his career between 1927 and 1954, beside other Formula Two drivers like Hans Stuck. In 1952 and 1953 he participated in two World Championship Grands Prix. He scored no championship points and his only finish was 14th in the 1953 German Grand Prix.", "Q49116": "Dartmouth College ( DART-m\u0259th) is a private Ivy League research university in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. Established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock, it is the ninth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Although founded as a school to educate Native Americans in Christian theology and the English way of life, Dartmouth primarily trained Congregationalist ministers throughout its early history before it gradually secularized, emerging at the turn of the 20th century from relative obscurity into national prominence.Following a liberal arts curriculum, the university provides undergraduate instruction in 40 academic departments and interdisciplinary programs including 57 majors in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering, and enables students to design specialized concentrations or engage in dual degree programs. Dartmouth comprises five constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Geisel School of Medicine, the Thayer School of Engineering, the Tuck School of Business, and the Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies. The university also has affiliations with the Dartmouth\u2013Hitchcock Medical Center, the Rockefeller Institute for Public Policy, and the Hopkins Center for the Arts. With a student enrollment of about 6,600, Dartmouth is the smallest university in the Ivy League. Undergraduate admissions are highly competitive, with an acceptance rate of 8.8% for the Class of 2024.Situated on a terrace above the Connecticut River, Dartmouth's 269-acre main campus is in the rural Upper Valley region of New England. The university functions on a quarter system, operating year-round on four ten-week academic terms. Dartmouth is known for its undergraduate focus, strong Greek culture, and wide array of enduring campus traditions. Its 34 varsity sports teams compete intercollegiately in the Ivy League conference of the NCAA Division I.\nDartmouth is consistently included among the highest-ranked universities in the United States by several institutional rankings, and has been cited as a leading university for undergraduate teaching and research by U.S. News & World Report. In 2018, the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education listed Dartmouth as the only \"majority-undergraduate\", \"arts-and-sciences focused\", \"doctoral university\" in the country that has \"some graduate coexistence\" and \"very high research activity\".In its history, the university has produced many prominent alumni, including 170 members of the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives, 24 U.S. governors, 10 billionaire alumni, 10 U.S. Cabinet secretaries, 3 Nobel Prize laureates, 2 U.S. Supreme Court justices, and a U.S. vice president. Other notable alumni include 79 Rhodes Scholars, 26 Marshall Scholarship recipients, 13 Pulitzer Prize winners, and numerous MacArthur Genius fellows, Fulbright Scholars, CEOs and founders of Fortune 500 corporations, high-ranking U.S. diplomats, scholars in academia, literary and media figures, professional athletes, and Olympic medalists.", "Q115693": "Ottorino Volonterio (7 December 1917 \u2013 10 March 2003) was a racing driver from Switzerland. He was born in Orselina and was trained as a lawyer, before he began participating in sports car racing. He debuted in Formula One at the 1954 Spanish Grand Prix on 24 October 1954 in a Maserati 250F, but was not successful in the three World Championship Grands Prix he entered, and only finished the Italian Grand Prix 15 laps behind the winner. Volonterio continued to compete in non-championship Formula One races and sports cars, with his best result a second place in the Coupe de Paris at Montlh\u00e9ry in 1955. He continued racing until 1973, and died in Lugano in 2003.", "Q92712": "David Cannon Evans (February 24, 1924 \u2013 October 3, 1998) was the founder of the computer science department at the University of Utah and co-founder (with Ivan Sutherland) of Evans & Sutherland, a pioneering firm in computer graphics hardware.", "Q1966560": "Nathan Fake is an English electronic music artist from Necton in Norfolk, England, who has released singles as well as three albums on the label Border Community Recordings.\nIn 2006, his debut album Drowning in a Sea of Love was released on Border Community. He released a six track mini-album Hard Islands in 2009. His third album Steam Days followed in 2012.\nIn 2014, Nathan founded the label Cambria Instruments with Wesley Matsell, the inaugural release being a split single between the two artists.In February 2020, Nathan announced his fifth studio album called \"Blizzards\" would be released by Cambria Instruments on 3 April 2020", "Q125750": "Aylin Tezel (German: [\u02c8a\u026al\u026an \u02c8te\u02d0tsl\u0329]; born 29 November 1983 in B\u00fcnde, Germany) is a German actress and dancer. Her father is a Turkish medical doctor practicing in Bielefeld, Germany. Her mother is a German nurse. She is a middle child, having an older sister and a younger brother. She is most known for her main role in the film \"Almanya - Welcome to Germany\" which premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival in 2011 and for her main role in the film \"Am Himmel der Tag\" (En: \"Breaking Horizons\") for which she received the Best Actress Award at the Torino Film Festival in 2012.\n\n", "Q56036": "West Berlin (German: Berlin (West) or colloquially West-Berlin) was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin during the years of the Cold War. There was no specific date on which the sectors of Berlin occupied by the Western Allies became \"West Berlin\", but 1949 is widely accepted as the year in which the name was adopted. West Berlin aligned itself politically with the Federal Republic of Germany (called the \"Bonn Republic\" by historians) and was directly or indirectly represented in its federal institutions.\nWest Berlin was formally controlled by the Western Allies and was entirely surrounded by the Soviet-controlled East Berlin and East Germany. West Berlin had great symbolic significance during the Cold War, as it was widely considered by westerners as an \"island of freedom\". It was heavily subsidised by West Germany as a \"showcase of the West\". A wealthy city, West Berlin was noted for its distinctly cosmopolitan character, and as a centre of education, research and culture. With about two million inhabitants, West Berlin had the largest population of any city in Germany during the Cold War era.West Berlin was 100 miles (161 kilometres) east and north of the Inner German border and only accessible by land from West Germany by narrow rail and highway corridors. It consisted of the American, British, and French occupation sectors established in 1945. The Berlin Wall, built in 1961, physically separated West Berlin from its East Berlin and East German surroundings until it fell in 1989. On 3 October 1990, the day Germany was officially reunified, East and West Berlin formally reunited as the city of Berlin.", "Q285238": "No\u00ebl Godin (born 13 September 1945) is a Belgian writer, critic, actor and notorious pie thrower or entarteur. Godin gained global attention in 1998 when his group ambushed Microsoft CEO Bill Gates in Brussels, pelting the software magnate with pies. After bombarding Gates, Godin allegedly said, \"My work is done here.\"", "Q576841": "Alexandre-Th\u00e9odore Lavalley, (October 9, 1821 - July 20, 1892) was an engineer and French politician. Paul Borel and Lavalley were contractors of the Suez Canal Company who designed, built, and operated the dredging machines that finished excavation of the Suez Canal from 1864-1869 after the use of forced labor was disallowed.", "Q1956448": "Jan, Baron Huyghebaert (born 1945) is a Belgian businessman. He was a member of the Coudenberg group, a Belgian federalist think tank.\n\n", "Q40867": "In biology, poisons are substances that cause death, injury or harm to organs, usually by chemical reactions or other activity on the molecular scales, when an organism absorbs a sufficient quantity.The fields of medicine (particularly veterinary) and zoology often distinguish a poison from a toxin, and from a venom. Toxins are poisons produced by organisms in nature, and venoms are toxins injected by a bite or sting (this is exclusive to animals). The difference between venom and other poisons is the delivery method.\nIndustry, agriculture, and other sectors employ poisonous substances for reasons other than their toxicity. Most poisonous industrial compounds have associated material safety data sheets and are classed as hazardous substances. Hazardous substances are subject to extensive regulation on production, procurement and use in overlapping domains of occupational safety and health, public health, drinking water quality standards, air pollution and environmental protection. Due to the mechanics of molecular diffusion, many poisonous compounds rapidly diffuse into biological tissues, air, water, or soil on a molecular scale. By the principle of entropy, chemical contamination is typically costly or infeasible to reverse, unless specific chelating agents or micro-filtration processes are available. Chelating agents are often broader in scope than the acute target, and therefore their ingestion necessitates careful medical or veterinarian supervision.\nPesticides are one group of substances whose toxicity to various insects and other animals deemed to be pests (e.g., rats and cockroaches) is their prime purpose. Natural pesticides have been used for this purpose for thousands of years (e.g. concentrated table salt is toxic to many slugs). Bioaccumulation of chemically-prepared agricultural insecticides is a matter of concern for the many species, especially birds, which consume insects as a primary food source. Selective toxicity, controlled application, and controlled biodegradation are major challenges in herbicide and pesticide development and in chemical engineering generally, as all lifeforms on earth share an underlying biochemistry; organisms exceptional in their environmental resilience are classified as extremophiles, these for the most part exhibiting radically different susceptibilities.\nA poison which enters the food chain\u2014whether of industrial, agricultural, or natural origin\u2014might not be immediately toxic to the first organism that ingests the toxin, but can become further concentrated in predatory organisms further up the food chain, particularly carnivores and omnivores, especially concerning fat soluble poisons which tend to become stored in biological tissue rather than excreted in urine or other water-based effluents.\nApart from food, many poisons readily enter the body through the skin and lungs. Hydrofluoric acid is a notorious contact poison, in addition to its corrosive damage. Naturally occurring sour gas is a notorious, fast-acting atmospheric poison (as released by volcanic activity or drilling rigs). Plant-based contact irritants, such as that possessed by poison ivy or poison oak, are often classed as allergens rather than poisons; the effect of an allergen being not a poison as such, but to turn the body's natural defenses against itself. Poison can also enter the body through faulty medical implants, or by injection (which is the basis of lethal injection in the context of capital punishment).\nIn 2013, 3.3 million cases of unintentional human poisonings occurred. This resulted in 98,000 deaths worldwide, down from 120,000 deaths in 1990. In modern society, cases of suspicious death elicit the attention of the Coroner's office and forensic investigators.\nOf increasing concern since the isolation of natural radium by Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898\u2014and the subsequent advent of nuclear physics and nuclear technologies\u2014are radiological poisons. These are associated with ionizing radiation, a mode of toxicity quite distinct from chemically active poisons. In mammals, chemical poisons are often passed from mother to offspring through the placenta during gestation, or through breast milk during nursing. In contrast, radiological damage can be passed from mother or father to offspring through genetic mutation, which\u2014if not fatal in miscarriage or childhood, or a direct cause of infertility\u2014can then be passed along again to a subsequent generation. Atmospheric radon is a natural radiological poison of increasing impact since humans moved from hunter-gatherer lifestyles though cave dwelling to increasingly enclosed structures able to contain radon in dangerous concentrations. The 2006 poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko was a novel use of radiological assassination, presumably meant to evade the normal investigation of chemical poisons.\nPoisons widely dispersed into the environment are known as pollution. These are often of human origin, but pollution can also include unwanted biological processes such as toxic red tide, or acute changes to the natural chemical environment attributed to invasive species, which are toxic or detrimental to the prior ecology (especially if the prior ecology was associated with human economic value or an established industry such as shellfish harvesting).\nThe scientific disciplines of ecology and environmental resource management study the environmental life cycle of toxic compounds and their complex, diffuse, and highly interrelated effects.", "Q102304": "Christian Carstensen (born 11 March 1973, in Hamburg) is a German politician and member of the SPD. Carstensen was a member of the Hamburg-Nord district parliament (Bezirksversammlung) from 2001 to 2005. In 2005 he was elected to the Bundestag, the German federal parliament, representing Hamburg Nord, however he lost his seat at the 2009 election.", "Q10088": "Tipu Sultan (born Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu, 20 November 1750 \u2013 4 May 1799), also known as Tipu Sahab or the Tiger of Mysore, was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore and a pioneer of rocket artillery. He introduced a number of administrative innovations during his rule, including a new coinage system and calendar, and a new land revenue system which initiated the growth of the Mysore silk industry. He expanded the iron-cased Mysorean rockets and commissioned the military manual Fathul Mujahidin. He deployed the rockets against advances of British forces and their allies during the Anglo-Mysore Wars, including the Battle of Pollilur and Siege of Seringapatam. He also embarked on an ambitious economic development program that established Mysore as a major economic power, with some of the world's highest real wages and living standards in the late 18th century.Napoleon Bonaparte, the French commander-in-chief, sought an alliance with Tipu Sultan. Both Tipu Sultan and his father used their French-trained army in alliance with the French in their struggle with the British, and in Mysore's struggles with other surrounding powers, against the Marathas, Sira, and rulers of Malabar, Kodagu, Bednore, Carnatic, and Travancore. Tipu's father, Hyder Ali, rose to power capturing Mysore, and Tipu succeeded him as the ruler of Mysore upon his father's death in 1782. He won important victories against the British in the Second Anglo-Mysore War and negotiated the 1784 Treaty of Mangalore with them after his father died from cancer in December 1782 during the Second Anglo-Mysore War.\nTipu's conflicts with his neighbours included the Maratha\u2013Mysore War which ended with the signing of the Treaty of Gajendragad The treaty required that Tipu Sultan pay 4.8 million rupees as a one-time war cost to the Marathas, and an annual tribute of 1.2 million rupees in addition to returning all the territory captured by Hyder Ali.Tipu remained an implacable enemy of the British East India Company, sparking conflict with his attack on British-allied Travancore in 1789. In the Third Anglo-Mysore War, he was forced into the Treaty of Seringapatam, losing a number of previously conquered territories, including Malabar and Mangalore. He sent emissaries to foreign states, including the Ottoman Empire, Afghanistan, and France, in an attempt to rally opposition to the British.\nIn the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, the imperial forces of the British East India Company were supported by the Marathas. They defeated Tipu, and he was killed on 4 May 1799 while defending his fort of Seringapatam. In post-colonial Indian subcontinent, Tipu Sultan is celebrated as a hero of colonial resistance.Tipu's religious policy is controversial with some groups proclaiming him a great warrior for the faith or Ghazi, while others revile him for the persecution of Christians and Hindus. During the captivity of Mangalorean Christians he ordered the destruction of 27 churches and imprisoned around 60,000 Christians, whose release was conditioned on their conversion to Islam. He also subjected the Hindu rebels like the Kodavas of Coorg and Nairs of Malabar to forced conversions, circumcision, death and torture. Some historians cast doubt on the scale of the deportations and forced conversions. Many sources mention the appointment of Hindu officers in Tipu's administration and his land grants and endowments to Hindu temples, which are cited as evidence for his religious tolerance.", "Q432742": "Melanie Smith is a former American actress. She appeared as Jerry's girlfriend, Rachel, in four episodes of Seinfeld. She was also the third actress to portray Tora Ziyal on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and had a starring role as Emily Stewart on As the World Turns in the early 1990s. Smith has since retired from acting and runs a yoga studio in Pennsylvania.", "Q28517": "Todor Khristov Zhivkov (Bulgarian: \u0422\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0416\u0438\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432; 7 September 1911 \u2013 5 August 1998) was a Bulgarian communist statesman who served as the de facto leader of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB) from 1954 until 1989 as General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party. He is the youngest and second longest-serving leader in the Eastern Bloc.He became First Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) in 1954\u2013General Secretary from April 1981\u2013and from 1978 concurrently as President of the Republic remained on this position for 35 years, until 1989, thus becoming the second longest-serving leader of any Eastern Bloc nation after World War II, and one of the longest ruling non-royal leaders in modern history. His rule marked a period of unprecedented political and economic stability for Bulgaria, marked both by complete submission of Bulgaria to Soviet directives and a desire for expanding ties with the West. His rule remained unchallenged until the deterioration of east\u2013west relations in the 1980s, when a stagnating economic situation, a worsening international image and growing careerism and corruption in the BCP weakened his positions. He resigned on 10 November 1989, under pressure by senior BCP members due to his refusal to recognize problems and deal with public protests. Within a month of Zhivkov's ouster, Communist rule in Bulgaria had effectively ended, and within nearly a year the People's Republic of Bulgaria had formally ceased to exist.", "Q462175": "Ion I. C. Br\u0103tianu (Romanian pronunciation: [i\u02c8on br\u0259ti\u02c8anu], also known as Ionel Br\u0103tianu; 20 August 1864 \u2013 24 November 1927) was a Romanian politician, leader of the National Liberal Party (PNL), Prime Minister of Romania for five terms, and Foreign Minister on several occasions; he was the eldest son of statesman and PNL leader Ion Br\u0103tianu, the brother of Vintil\u0103 and Dinu Br\u0103tianu, and the father of Gheorghe I. Br\u0103tianu. Ion I. C. Br\u0103tianu's political activities after World War I, including part of his third and fourth term, saw the unification of the Old Romanian Kingdom with Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia (see: Greater Romania). In 1923, he was elected an honorary member of the Romanian Academy.", "Q77013": "Night of the Creeps is a 1986 American science fiction horror comedy film written and directed by Fred Dekker in his feature directorial debut, starring Jason Lively, Jill Whitlow, and Tom Atkins. The film is an earnest attempt at a B movie and an homage to the genre. While the main plot of the film is related to zombies, the film also mixes in takes on slashers and alien invasion films. Night of the Creeps did not perform well at the box office, but it developed a cult following.\n\n", "Q548944": "Rosa Alicia Clemente (born April 18, 1972) is an American community organizer, independent journalist, and hip-hop activist. She was the vice presidential running mate of Green Party Presidential candidate Cynthia McKinney in the 2008 U.S. Presidential election.\n\n", "Q711645": "Jean-Michel Larqu\u00e9 (born 8 September 1947) is a French former professional footballer, and now a sports journalist. He has also been player-coach of RC Paris, his only experience as head-coach.", "Q163936": "Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (c. 1500 \u2013 22 January 1552) (also 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Viscount Beauchamp), was the eldest surviving brother of Queen Jane Seymour (d. 1537), the third wife of King Henry VIII. He was Lord Protector of England from 1547 to 1549 during the minority of his nephew King Edward VI (1547\u20131553). Despite his popularity with the common people, his policies often angered the gentry and he was overthrown.", "Q67200": "Grub AR is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q705630": "Arthur Gordon Linkletter (born Arthur Gordon Kelly or Gordon Arthur Kelley (sources differ), July 17, 1912 \u2013 May 26, 2010) was a Canadian-born American radio and television personality. He was the host of House Party, which ran on CBS radio and television for 25 years, and People Are Funny, which aired on NBC radio and television for 19 years. He became a naturalized United States citizen in 1942.\nOne popular feature of his House Party program was the Kids Say the Darndest Things segments. A series of books followed which contained the humorous comments made on-air by children.", "Q100513": "Vinzenz Sch\u00f6ttl (30 June 1905 in Appersdorf \u2013 28 May 1946 in Landsberg am Lech) was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) officer and high-ranking functionary in the Nazi concentration camps.\nSch\u00f6ttl initially joined the Nazi Party in November 1928 before renewing his membership in February 1931, having joined the SS in January 1931. His highest SS rank was Obersturmf\u00fchrer in the Waffen-SS Reserve, a position he gained in 1942.In 1933, he was a member of the guards at Dachau concentration camp. In the summer of 1937, he became the National Director of the Lindenhofs der Herzogs\u00e4gm\u00fchle, a facility for travellers. From 1940 he worked for a short time in the ghetto of Lublin from where he was transferred to Neuengamme concentration camp, and soon afterwards to Majdanek concentration camp. From July 1942 until its evacuation in January 1945 Sch\u00f6ttl was Director of Monowitz concentration camp, otherwise known as Auschwitz concentration camp III. From 3 February 1945 he served under Otto F\u00f6rschner as deputy commander of Kaufering concentration camp, a subsidiary network of the larger Dachau camp, remaining in that role until the camp's evacuation in late April of the same year.Sch\u00f6ttl was captured by the United States Army and on 15 November was indicted for war crimes as part of the Dachau Trials. Reports of his mistreatment of prisoners, as well as the shooting of another prisoner, were taken into account and, on 13 December 1945, he was one of 36 defendants sentenced to death by hanging. His execution was carried out in Landsberg Prison on 28 May 1946.", "Q7693901": "Professor Edward Conrad Wragg (26 June 1938 \u2013 10 November 2005) known as Ted Wragg, was a British educationalist and academic known for his advocacy of the cause of education and opposition to political interference in the field. He was Professor of Education at the University of Exeter from 1978 to 2003, serving as Emeritus Professor of Education from 2003 till his death, and a regular columnist in the Times Educational Supplement and The GuardianIn the UK, the Ted Wragg Teaching Award for Lifetime Achievement honours his memory, and is given out annually to educators who are considered to have shown excellent devotion to teaching throughout their careers.", "Q166696": "The Baader Meinhof Complex (German: Der Baader Meinhof Komplex) is a 2008 German drama film directed by Uli Edel. Written and produced by Bernd Eichinger, it stars Moritz Bleibtreu, Martina Gedeck, and Johanna Wokalek. The film is based on the 1985 German best selling non-fiction book of the same name by Stefan Aust. It retells the story of the early years of the West German far-left terrorist organisation the Rote Armee Fraktion (Red Army Fraction, or Red Army Faction, a.k.a. RAF) from 1967 to 1977.\nThe film was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 81st Academy Awards. It was also nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 66th Golden Globe Awards.", "Q86954": "Marie von Najm\u00e1jer (3 February 1844 in Buda, Hungary \u2013 25 July 1904 in Bad Aussee (Styria), Austria) - was an Austrian novelist and poet. Daughter of a Hungarian royal hofrat Franz von Najm\u00e1jer. In 1852 she moved to Vienna with her mother. She was an activist of the Association for Women's Education in Vienna (Verein f\u00fcr erweiterte Frauenbildung in Wien).", "Q753476": "Dave Marsh (born March 1, 1950) is an American music critic, author, editor and radio talk show host. He was an early editor of Creem magazine, has written for various publications such as Newsday, The Village Voice, and Rolling Stone, and has published numerous books about music and musicians, mostly focused on rock music. He is also a committee member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Q949779": "Melbourne is a city in Brevard County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census, there was a population of 76,068. The municipality is the second-largest in the county by both size and population. Melbourne is a principal city of the Palm Bay \u2013 Melbourne \u2013 Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1969 the city was expanded by merging with nearby Eau Gallie.", "Q864827": "Hlukhiv (originally Ukrainian: \u0413\u043b\u0443\u0301\u0445\u0456\u0432), (Polish: G\u0142uch\u00f3w), (Russian: \u0413\u043b\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432/Glukhov) is a small historic town on the Esman River. Currently it is a city of regional significance in the Sumy region of Ukraine, just south of the Russian border. Hlukhiv is administratively incorporated as a city of oblast significance. Hlukhiv Municipality includes Hlukhiv and the village of Sliporod. Hlukhiv also serves as administrative center of Hlukhiv Raion but does not belong to the raion. Population: 33,794\u2009(2015 est.)It is known for being a capital of the Cossack Hetmanate after deposition of Ivan Mazepa in 1708\u20131764. The former Soviet Chervone Pustohorod air base is located near Hlukhiv.", "Q25033": "Harry Val\u00e9rien (4 November 1923 in Munich \u2013 12 October 2012 in Berg) was a German sports journalist.", "Q19675862": "The tenth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files commenced airing in the United States on January 24, 2016, on Fox. The season consists of six episodes and concluded airing on February 22, 2016. When Fox initially announced the string of episodes, the network referred to them collectively as an \"event series\". After the episodes' release, Fox began referring to the string of episodes on their website as \"season 10\", as did streaming sites like Amazon.com and Hulu, and myriad critics.The season, which takes place fourteen years after the ninth season (2001\u201302) and seven years after the film The X-Files: I Want to Believe (2008), follows newly re-instated Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) as they learn more about the existence of extraterrestrials and their relationship with the government.\nEver since The X-Files: I Want to Believe debuted in theaters, there was talk of a third X-Files movie to wrap-up the series' remaining storylines. However, for years these talks never resulted in action until on March 24, 2015, Fox announced that the series would return as a short-format event series with six episodes. After the season aired, it received largely mixed reviews from critics. The second, third, and fourth episodes were met with mostly positive comments, with \"Mulder and Scully Meet the Were-Monster\" receiving overwhelmingly positive comments. Conversely, the first, fifth, and sixth episodes were largely derided by critics. The mythology episodes, in particular, were poorly received.", "Q88979": "Michael Bernd Schmidt (born 6 March 1968), better known as Smudo, is a writer and rapper in the German hip hop group Die Fantastischen Vier.", "Q62378": "The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078 and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. The castle was used as a prison from 1100 (Ranulf Flambard) until 1952 (Kray twins), although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under kings Richard I, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site.\nThe Tower of London has played a prominent role in English history. It was besieged several times, and controlling it has been important to controlling the country. The Tower has served variously as an armoury, a treasury, a menagerie, the home of the Royal Mint, a public record office, and the home of the Crown Jewels of England. From the early 14th century until the reign of Charles II, a procession would be led from the Tower to Westminster Abbey on the coronation of a monarch. In the absence of the monarch, the Constable of the Tower is in charge of the castle. This was a powerful and trusted position in the medieval period. In the late 15th century, the castle was the prison of the Princes in the Tower. Under the Tudors, the Tower became used less as a royal residence, and despite attempts to refortify and repair the castle, its defences lagged behind developments to deal with artillery.\nThe peak period of the castle's use as a prison was the 16th and 17th centuries, when many figures who had fallen into disgrace, such as Elizabeth I before she became queen, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Elizabeth Throckmorton, were held within its walls. This use has led to the phrase \"sent to the Tower\". Despite its enduring reputation as a place of torture and death, popularised by 16th-century religious propagandists and 19th-century writers, only seven people were executed within the Tower before the World Wars of the 20th century. Executions were more commonly held on the notorious Tower Hill to the north of the castle, with 112 occurring there over a 400-year period. In the latter half of the 19th century, institutions such as the Royal Mint moved out of the castle to other locations, leaving many buildings empty. Anthony Salvin and John Taylor took the opportunity to restore the Tower to what was felt to be its medieval appearance, clearing out many of the vacant post-medieval structures. \nIn the First and Second World Wars, the Tower was again used as a prison and witnessed the executions of 12 men for espionage. After the Second World War, damage caused during the Blitz was repaired, and the castle reopened to the public. Today, the Tower of London is one of the country's most popular tourist attractions. Under the ceremonial charge of the Constable of the Tower, and operated by the Resident Governor of the Tower of London and Keeper of the Jewel House, the property is cared for by the charity Historic Royal Palaces and is protected as a World Heritage Site.", "Q223414": "Octavian Goga (Romanian pronunciation: [oktavi\u02c8an \u02c8\u0261o\u0261a]; 1 April 1881 \u2013 7 May 1938) was a nationalistic and, later, far right Romanian politician, poet, playwright, journalist, and translator.", "Q129181": "Puppet Master (also titled The Puppet Master, and Puppetmaster) is a 1989 American horror film written by Charles Band and Kenneth J. Hall, and directed by David Schmoeller. It is the first film in the Puppet Master franchise and stars Paul Le Mat, Irene Miracle, Matt Roe, and Kathryn O'Reilly as psychics who are plotted against by a former colleague, using puppets animated by an Egyptian spell. Originally intended for theatrical release in summer 1989, before being released on home video the following September, Puppet Master was ultimately pushed to a direct-to-video release on October 12, 1989, as Charles Band felt he was likely to make more money this way than he would in the theatrical market. The film was very popular in the video market and since developed a large cult following that has led to the production of twelve sequels.", "Q158778": "Louis-Nicolas d'Avout (10 May 1770 \u2013 1 June 1823), better known as Davout, 1st Duke of Auerstaedt, 1st Prince of Eckm\u00fchl, was a French general who was Marshal of the Empire during the Napoleonic era. His talent for war along with his reputation as a stern disciplinarian earned him the title \"The Iron Marshal\". He is ranked along with Mass\u00e9na and Lannes as one of Napoleon's finest commanders. His loyalty and obedience to Napoleon were absolute. During his lifetime, Davout's name was commonly spelled Davoust, which is how it appears on the Arc de Triomphe and in much of the correspondence between Napoleon and his generals (see external links below for examples).\n\n", "Q65417": "Leopold Alexander Friedrich Arends (4 December 1817 in Ruki\u0161kis, Vilna Governorate (now Anyk\u0161\u010diai district of Lithuania) \u2013 22 December 1882, Berlin) was a German stenographer and inventor of a system of stenography extensively used on the Continent, especially in Sweden.", "Q441974": "Terri Leslie Garber (born December 28, 1960 in Miami, Florida) is an American actress and entrepreneur.", "Q139392": "Zachary Tyler Eisen (born September 25, 1993) is an American former voice actor best known for voicing Aang in the Nickelodeon animated series Avatar: The Last Airbender, Lucas Nickle in The Ant Bully, Andrew in Nick Jr.'s Little Bill and Pablo the Penguin in the Nick Jr. animated series The Backyardigans. While living in Connecticut, he did most of his Avatar: The Last Airbender recordings via satellite.", "Q275652": "Louise Latham (September 23, 1922 \u2013 February 12, 2018) was an American actress, perhaps best known for her portrayal of Bernice Edgar in Alfred Hitchcock's 1964 film Marnie.", "Q2133840": "Nicholas C. Frost (born 1955), known professionally as Nicholas Farrell, is an English stage, film, and television actor.", "Q14588": "Ebersecken is a former municipality in the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 the former municipality of Ebersecken merged into Altishofen.", "Q713734": "Jonathan Ian Schwartz (born October 20, 1965) is an American businessman. He is currently president, and CEO of CareZone, a firm devoted to lowering the price of prescription drugs for those facing chronic illness.\nBefore founding CareZone, Schwartz had a nearly 15-year tenure with Sun Microsystems, culminating in his serving as CEO just prior to and during the company's battle for survival during the American financial crisis, and its subsequent acquisition by Oracle.\nHe was also the founder and Chief Executive Officer of Lighthouse Design, Ltd., a software company focused on the NeXTSTEP platform. Lighthouse was acquired by Sun in 1996.", "Q1049470": "The University of Waterloo (commonly referred to as Waterloo, UW, or UWaterloo) is a public research university with a main campus in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. The main campus is on 404 hectares (998 acres) of land adjacent to \"Uptown\" Waterloo and Waterloo Park. The university offers academic programs administered by six faculties and thirteen faculty-based schools. The university also operates three satellite campuses and four affiliated university colleges. Waterloo is a member of the U15, a group of research-intensive universities in Canada. The University of Waterloo is most famous for its co-operative education (co-op) programs, which allow the students to integrate their education with applicable work experiences. The university operates the largest post-secondary co-operative education program in the world, with over 20,000 undergraduate students in over 140 co-operative education programs.The institution was established on 4 April 1956 as the Waterloo College Associate Faculties, a semi-autonomous entity of Waterloo College, then an affiliate of the University of Western Ontario. This entity formally separated from Waterloo College and was incorporated as a university with the passage of the University of Waterloo Act by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1959. It was established to fill the need to train engineers and technicians for Canada's growing postwar economy. It grew substantially over the next decade, adding a faculty of arts in 1960, and the College of Optometry of Ontario (now the School of Optometry and Vision Science), which moved from Toronto in 1967.The university is co-educational, and as of 2016 had 30,600 undergraduate and 5,300 postgraduate students. Alumni and former students of the university can be found across Canada and in over 140 countries. Waterloo's varsity teams, known as the Waterloo Warriors, compete in the Ontario University Athletics conference of the U Sports.", "Q182504": "Felix James P\u00e9rez Camacho (born October 30, 1957) is an American politician and former 7th Governor of Guam from January 6, 2003 to January 3, 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party of Guam.", "Q715345": "Mance Lipscomb (April 9, 1895 \u2013 January 30, 1976) was an American blues singer, guitarist and songster. He was born Beau De Glen Lipscomb near Navasota, Texas. As a youth he took the name Mance (short for emancipation) from a friend of his oldest brother, Charlie.\n\n", "Q657604": "Avenged Sevenfold (sometimes abbreviated as A7X) is an American heavy metal band from Huntington Beach, California, formed in 1999. The band's current lineup consists of lead vocalist M. Shadows, rhythm guitarist and backing vocalist Zacky Vengeance, lead guitarist and backing vocalist Synyster Gates, bassist and backing vocalist Johnny Christ, and drummer Brooks Wackerman.\nAvenged Sevenfold is known for its diverse rock sound and dramatic imagery in album covers and merchandise. Avenged Sevenfold emerged with a metalcore sound on the band's debut Sounding the Seventh Trumpet and continued this sound through their second album Waking the Fallen. However, Avenged Sevenfold's style had evolved by the band's third album and first major label release, City of Evil, into a heavy metal and hard rock style. The band continued to explore new sounds with its self-titled release and enjoyed continued mainstream success before their drummer, James \"The Rev\" Sullivan, died in 2009. Despite his death, Avenged Sevenfold continued on with the help of drummer Mike Portnoy (Dream Theater), and released and toured in support of its fifth album Nightmare in 2010, which debuted on the top spot of the Billboard 200, Avenged Sevenfold's first number one debut. In 2011 drummer Arin Ilejay joined the band on tours and recording. Avenged Sevenfold's sixth studio album Hail to the King, which was released in 2013, marked the only Avenged Sevenfold album featuring Arin Ilejay. Hail to the King charted as number 1 on the Billboard 200, the UK Albums chart, as well as the Finnish, Brazilian, Canadian, and Irish charts. In late 2014, Ilejay left the band, and was replaced by former Bad Religion drummer Brooks Wackerman, but the lineup change wasn't announced to the public until 2015. The band then surprise-released their seventh studio album titled The Stage on October 28, 2016, which debuted as number 4 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US. The Stage is their first conceptual album and it marked another stylistic change for the band, moving towards the progressive metal sound.\nTo date, Avenged Sevenfold has released seven studio albums, one live album/DVD, two compilation albums and eighteen singles and have sold over 8 million albums worldwide. Avenged Sevenfold was ranked No. 47 on Loudwire's list of Top 50 Metal Bands of All Time. Avenged Sevenfold have released an original song for each game in the Call of Duty: Black Ops series.", "Q253695": "Dominick Antron Wickliffe (born September 23, 1978), better known by his stage name Crooked I or Kxng Crooked, (stylised as KXNG Crooked and pronounced \"King Crooked\") is an American rapper from Long Beach, California. He is best known as a former member of the hip hop supergroup Slaughterhouse with other members Joe Budden, Joell Ortiz and Royce da 5'9\". Slaughterhouse is currently signed to Shady Records. He is currently CEO of his own record labels, Dynasty Entertainment and C.O.B. Digital as well as Senior Vice President of Treacherous Records. Before starting his own label, he was also signed to Virgin Records and Death Row Records.\nIn April 2018, Crooked I announced that he would be leaving Slaughterhouse. The group has since disbanded.", "Q587853": "Manuel Saumell Robredo (19 April 1818 \u2013 14 August 1870), was a Cuban composer known for his invention and development of genuinely creolized forms of music. For this reason he gets the credit for being the first to cultivate Cuban musical nationalism, and is of similar standing to Glinka who initiated Russian musical nationalism with A Life for the Tsar at about the same time.", "Q93381": "Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (German: Maria Anna von Habsburg, Erzherzogin von \u00d6sterreich, also known as Maria Anna von Bayern or Maria-Anna, Kurf\u00fcrstin von Bayern; 13 January 1610 \u2013 25 September 1665), was a German regent, Electress of Bavaria by marriage to Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, and co-regent of the Electorate of Bavaria during the minority of her son Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria from 1651 to 1654.", "Q12219197": "Fakhr-un-Nisa Shuhdah Umm Muhammad al-Baghdadiyyah or Shuhdah al-Baghdadiyyah was a scholar, muhaddith and a calligrapher. Shuhdha was called \"the calligrapher, the pride of womanhood, a muhaddithah (female of muhaddith) of Iraq with a high Isnad.\"", "Q79980": "Varanasi (Hindustani pronunciation: [\u028ba\u02d0\u02c8ra\u02d0\u0273\u0259si] (listen)), also known as Benares, Banaras (Ban\u0101ras [b\u0259\u02c8na\u02d0r\u0259s] (listen)), or Kashi (K\u0101\u015b\u012b [\u02c8ka\u02d0\u0283i] (listen)), is a city on the banks of the river Ganges in Uttar Pradesh, India, 320 kilometres (200 mi) south-east of the state capital, Lucknow, and 121 kilometres (75 mi) east of Allahabad. A major religious hub in India, it is the holiest of the seven sacred cities (Sapta Puri) in Hinduism and Jainism, and played an important role in the development of Buddhism and Ravidassia. Varanasi lies along National Highway 2 and is served by Varanasi Junction railway station and Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport.\nVaranasi grew as an important industrial centre famous for its muslin and silk fabrics, perfumes, ivory works, and sculpture. Buddha is believed to have founded Buddhism here around 528 BCE when he gave his first sermon, \"The Setting in Motion of the Wheel of Dharma\", at nearby Sarnath. The city's religious importance continued to grow in the 8th century, when Adi Shankara established the worship of Shiva as an official sect of Varanasi. During the Muslim rule through the Middle Ages, the city continued as an important centre of Hindu devotion, pilgrimage, mysticism and poetry which further contributed to its reputation as a centre of cultural importance and religious education. Tulsidas wrote his epic poem on Rama's life called Ram Charit Manas in Varanasi. Several other major figures of the Bhakti movement were born in Varanasi, including Kabir and Ravidas. Guru Nanak visited Varanasi for Maha Shivaratri in 1507, a trip that played a large role in the founding of Sikhism.\nIn the 16th century, Varanasi experienced a cultural revival under the Mughal emperor Akbar who patronised the city, and built two large temples dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu, though much of modern Varanasi was built during the 18th century, by the Maratha and Brahmin kings. The Kingdom of Benares was given official status by the Mughals in 1737, and continued as a dynasty-governed area until Indian independence in 1947. The city is governed by the Varanasi Nagar Nigam (Municipal Corporation) and is represented in the Parliament of India by the current Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi, who won the Lok Sabha elections in 2014 by a huge margin. Silk weaving, carpets and crafts and tourism employ a significant number of the local population, as do the Diesel Locomotive Works and Bharat Heavy Electricals. Varanasi Hospital's foundation stone was laid by the then governor Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi in 1954 and it was inaugurated by former president S. Radhakrishnan in 1964.Varanasi has been a cultural centre of northern India for several thousand years, and is closely associated with the Ganges. Hindus believe that dying here and getting cremated along the banks of the \"holy\" Ganges river allows one to break the cycle of rebirth and attain salvation, making it a major center for pilgrimage. The city is known worldwide for its many ghats, embankments made in steps of stone slabs along the river bank where pilgrims perform ritual ablutions. Of particular note are the Dashashwamedh Ghat, the Panchganga Ghat, the Manikarnika Ghat and the Harishchandra Ghat, the last two being where Hindus cremate their dead and the Hindu genealogy registers at Varanasi are kept here.\nThe Ramnagar Fort, near the eastern bank of the Ganges, was built in the 18th century in the Mughal style of architecture with carved balconies, open courtyards, and scenic pavilions. Among the estimated 23,000 temples in Varanasi are Kashi Vishwanath Temple of Shiva, the Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple, and the Durga Temple. The Kashi Naresh (Maharaja of Kashi) is the chief cultural patron of Varanasi, and an essential part of all religious celebrations. An educational and musical centre, many prominent Indian philosophers, poets, writers, and musicians live or have lived in the city, and it was the place where the Benares gharana form of Hindustani classical music was developed. One of Asia's largest residential universities is Banaras Hindu University (BHU). The Hindi-language nationalist newspaper, Aj, was first published in 1920.", "Q229139": "Norma Deloris Egstrom (May 26, 1920 \u2013 January 21, 2002), known professionally as Peggy Lee, was an American jazz and popular music singer, songwriter, composer, and actress, over a career spanning six decades. From her beginning as a vocalist on local radio to singing with Benny Goodman's big band, Lee created a sophisticated persona, writing music for films, acting, and recording conceptual record albums combining poetry and music.", "Q95928": "Hans Staudinger (born 16 August 1889 in Worms, Germany; died 25 February 1980 in New York City, NY) was a politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and an economist, as well as a secretary of state in the Prussian trade ministry from 1929 to 1932. From November 1932 to June 1933 he was a Social Democrat member of the Reichstag.", "Q462613": "Pierre Adrien Decourcelle (25 January 1856 - 10 October 1926) was a French writer and playwright.", "Q707999": "Victor L. Schertzinger (April 8, 1888 - October 26, 1941) was an American composer, film director, film producer, and screenwriter. His films include Paramount on Parade (co-director, 1930), Something to Sing About (1937) with James Cagney, and the first two \"Road\" pictures Road to Singapore (1940) and Road to Zanzibar (1941). His two best-known songs are \"I Remember You\" and \"Tangerine\", both with lyrics by Johnny Mercer and both featured in Schertzinger's final film, The Fleet's In (1942).", "Q77775": "Gabriele Pauli (born on (1957-06-26) 26 June 1957 in Schweich, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany) is a German politician, formerly with the conservative Christian Social Union (CSU) party. She was the District Administrator for the rural district of F\u00fcrth from 1990 to 2008.", "Q952359": "Paul Dana (; April 15, 1975 \u2013 March 26, 2006) was an American racing driver in the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series.", "Q1064284": "Sean Mackin (born April 30, 1979) is an American rock musician. He is best known as the violinist and backing vocalist for the American pop punk music group Yellowcard.", "Q3879": "Neum\u00fcnster (German pronunciation: [n\u0254\u028f\u02c8m\u028fnst\u0250]) is an urban municipality in the middle of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. With more than 79,000 registered inhabitants, it is the fourth-largest municipality in Schleswig-Holstein (behind Kiel, L\u00fcbeck and Flensburg).\n\n", "Q28271": "Annapolis () is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the county seat of Anne Arundel County. Situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, 25 miles (40 km) south of Baltimore and about 30 miles (50 km) east of Washington, D.C., Annapolis is part of the Baltimore\u2013Washington metropolitan area. Its population was measured at 38,394 by the 2010 census.\nThis city served as the seat of the Confederation Congress (former Second Continental Congress) and temporary national capital of the United States in 1783\u20131784. At that time, General George Washington came before the body convened in the new Maryland State House and resigned his commission as commander of the Continental Army. A month later, the Congress ratified the Treaty of Paris of 1783, ending the American Revolutionary War, with Great Britain recognizing the independence of the United States.\nThe city and state capitol was also the site of the 1786 Annapolis Convention, which issued a call to the states to send delegates for the Constitutional Convention to be held the following year in Philadelphia. Over 220 years later, the Annapolis Peace Conference was held in 2007. Annapolis is the home of St. John's College, founded 1696; the United States Naval Academy, established 1845, is adjacent to the city limits.\n\n", "Q66678": "Uitikon is a village and municipality in the district of Dietikon in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. Besides the village of Uitikon itself, the municipality includes the villages of Waldegg and Ringlikon.", "Q1705347": "Antti Hulkko (born 11 October 1962), better known as Andy McCoy, is a Finnish musician. He is best known for his role as the lead guitarist and main songwriter of the rock band Hanoi Rocks, but has also played with Iggy Pop and a variety of other groups. McCoy's works cover a wide range of music genres, including rock 'n' roll, punk rock, flamenco, glam punk, glam rock, blues rock and hard rock. He is also an avid painter.", "Q102462": "James Maitland Stewart (May 20, 1908 \u2013 July 2, 1997) was an American actor and military officer. Known for his distinctive drawl and everyman screen persona, Stewart had a film career that spanned over 55 years and 80 films. With the strong morality he portrayed both on and off the screen, Stewart epitomized the \"American ideal\" in twentieth-century United States. In 1999, the American Film Institute (AFI) ranked him third on its list of the greatest American male actors.Born and raised in Indiana, Pennsylvania, Stewart started acting while studying at Princeton University. After graduating in 1932, he began a career as a stage actor, appearing on Broadway and in summer stock productions. In 1935, he signed a film contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). The studio did not see leading man material in Stewart, but after three years of supporting roles and being loaned out to other studios, he had his big breakthrough in Frank Capra's ensemble comedy You Can't Take It with You (1938). The following year, Stewart garnered his first of five Academy Award nominations for his portrayal of an idealized and virtuous man who becomes a senator in Capra's Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939). He won his only Academy Award for Best Actor for his work in the screwball comedy The Philadelphia Story (1940), which also starred Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant.\nA licensed amateur pilot, Stewart enlisted as a private in the Army Air Corps as soon as he could after the United States entered the Second World War in 1941. Although still an MGM star, his only public and film appearances from 1941 to 1945 were scheduled by the Air Corps. After fighting in the European theater of war, he had attained the rank of colonel and had received several awards for his service. He remained in the U.S. Air Force Reserve and was promoted to brigadier general in 1959. He retired in 1968, and was awarded the United States Air Force Distinguished Service Medal.\nAfter the war, Stewart had difficulties in adapting to changing Hollywood and even thought about ending his acting career. He became a freelancer, and had his first postwar role as George Bailey in Capra's It's a Wonderful Life (1946). Although it earned him an Oscar nomination, the film was not a big success at first. It has increased in popularity in the decades since its release, and is considered a Christmas classic and one of Stewart's most famous performances. In the 1950s, Stewart experienced a career revival by playing darker, more morally ambiguous characters in Westerns and thrillers. Some of his most important collaborations during this period were with directors Anthony Mann, with whom he made eight films including Winchester '73 (1950), The Glenn Miller Story (1954) and The Naked Spur (1953), and Alfred Hitchcock, with whom he collaborated on Rope (1948), Rear Window (1954), The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956), and Vertigo (1958). Vertigo was ignored by critics at its time of release, but has since been reevaluated and recognized as an American cinematic masterpiece. His other films in the 1950s included the Broadway adaptation Harvey (1950) and the courtroom drama Anatomy of a Murder (1959), both of which landed him Academy Award nominations. He was one of the most popular film stars of the decade, with most of his films becoming box office successes.\nStewart's later Westerns included The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) and Cheyenne Autumn (1964), both directed by John Ford. He signed a lucrative multi-movie deal with 20th Century-Fox in 1962, and appeared in many popular family comedies during the decade. After a brief venture into television acting, Stewart semi-retired by the 1980s, although he remained a public figure due to the renewed interest in his films with Capra and Hitchcock and his appearances at President Reagan's White House. He received many honorary awards, including an Academy Honorary Award and the Presidential Medal of Freedom, both in 1985.\nStewart remained unmarried until his 40s, and was dubbed \"The Great American Bachelor\" by the press. In 1949, he married former model Gloria Hatrick McLean. They had twin daughters, and he adopted her two sons from her previous marriage. The marriage lasted until McLean's death in 1994; Stewart died of a pulmonary embolism three years later.", "Q10922": "Hardcore punk (often abbreviated to hardcore) is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s. It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock. Its roots can be traced to earlier punk scenes in San Francisco and Southern California which arose as a reaction against the still predominant hippie cultural climate of the time. It was also inspired by New York punk rock and early proto-punk. New York punk had a harder-edged sound than its San Francisco counterpart, featuring anti-art expressions of masculine anger, energy, and subversive humor. Hardcore punk generally disavows commercialism, the established music industry and \"anything similar to the characteristics of mainstream rock\" and often addresses social and political topics with \"confrontational, politically-charged lyrics.\"Hardcore sprouted underground scenes across the United States in the early 1980s, particularly in Washington, D.C., New York, New Jersey, Philadelphia, and Boston\u2014as well as in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. Hardcore has spawned the straight edge movement and its associated submovements, hardline and youth crew. Hardcore was heavily involved in the rise of the independent record labels in the 1980s and with the DIY ethics in underground music scenes. It has also influenced various music genres that have experienced widespread commercial success, including alternative rock and thrash metal.\nWhile traditional hardcore has never experienced mainstream commercial success, some of its early pioneers have garnered appreciation over time. Black Flag's Damaged, Minutemen's Double Nickels on the Dime and H\u00fcsker D\u00fc's New Day Rising were included in Rolling Stone's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time in 2003 and Dead Kennedys have seen one of their albums reach gold status over a period of 25 years. In 2011, Rolling Stone writer David Fricke placed Greg Ginn of Black Flag 99th place in his 100 Greatest Guitarists list. Although the music genre started in English-speaking western countries, notable hardcore scenes have existed in Italy, Brazil, Japan, Europe and the Middle East.\n\n", "Q2395959": "Steven Paul \"Buddy\" Miller (born September 6, 1952) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, recording artist and producer, currently living in Nashville, Tennessee. Miller is married to and has recorded with singer-songwriter Julie Miller.", "Q3370342": "Paul-Louis Weiller, was born in Paris on 29 September 1893 and died a century later in Geneva on 6 December 1993. He was a French industrialist and philanthropist.", "Q278404": "The Hawaiians, released in the UK as Master of the Islands, is a 1970 United States historical film based on the novel Hawaii by James A. Michener. It was directed by Tom Gries with a screenplay by James R. Webb. The cast included Charlton Heston as Whipple Hoxworth and Geraldine Chaplin. The performance by Tina Chen led to her receiving a Golden Globe nomination as best supporting actress.\nThe film was based on the book's later chapters, which covered the arrival of the Chinese and Japanese and the growth of the plantations. The third chapter of the book had been made into the film Hawaii in 1966.", "Q520346": "Atticus Matthew Cowper Ross (born 16 January 1968) is an English musician, songwriter, record producer, and audio engineer. Along with Trent Reznor, Ross won the Academy Award for Best Original Score for The Social Network soundtrack in 2010. In 2013, the pair won a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media for their soundtrack to The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. Ross has worked with Reznor's band Nine Inch Nails since 2005, and became an official member of the band in 2016.", "Q3045427": "George Kee Cheung (born February 8, 1949) is an American character actor, stuntman, singer, and voice actor with an extensive career in American television and film dating back to 1975, often playing Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Mongolian parts. His career has focused primarily on television work, though he has had numerous supporting roles in films such as Rambo: First Blood Part II, RoboCop 2, Under Siege, and Fist of the North Star.", "Q77761": "Daniel Caspary (born 4 April 1976) is a German politician who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2004. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), part of the European People's Party (EPP). Daniel Caspary is now in the fourth legislature of the European Parliament. Daniel Caspary lives in Weingarten. He is married and has five children.Daniel Caspary was elected chairman of the German CDU/CSU-delegation in the European Parliament in July 2017. He has been deputy-chairman of the Christian Democratic Union in his home-state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg since September 2017. The non-governmental organization VoteWatch named Caspary the second-most influential MEP in EU trade policy in November 2016. In March 2017, Politico ranked Caspary as 25th most influential MEP out of all 751 members of the European Parliament. Since 2019, Caspary is the head of the parliamentary Delegation for relations with the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)", "Q2917150": "Ralph Allen (1693 \u2013 29 June 1764) was an entrepreneur and philanthropist, and was notable for his reforms to the British postal system.\nAllen was born in Cornwall but moved to Bath to work in the post office becoming the postmaster at the age of 19. He made the system more efficient and took over contracts for the mail system to cover England to the borders of Scotland and into South Wales. He also bought the initial local stone mines from his postal profits and had Prior Park built as his house to show off the versatility of the local Bath stone, using the old post office as his town house. With the architect John Wood, the Elder the stone he mined was used in the building work for the development of the Georgian city. However, the mines did not consistently make a profit and Allen subsidised them from his postal profits.\nAfter his death, he was buried in a pyramid-topped tomb in Claverton churchyard. He is commemorated in the names of streets and schools in the city of Bath and was the model for Squire Allworthy in the novel Tom Jones by Henry Fielding.", "Q4932076": "Robert A. Citron, often called Bob Citron (September 14, 1932 \u2013 January 31, 2012) was an American entrepreneur and aerospace engineer who was born in Brooklyn, New York, and educated at the University of the Philippines (liberal arts) and aeronautical engineering from Northrop University (1953\u20131959). Citron helped establish and manage the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory\u2019s Moonwatch and Precision Optical Satellite Tracking Programs (STP) after the launch of Sputnik I in 1957. He founded or co-founded five companies dealing with documentary film production (Limpopo Films Pty. Ltd. \u2013 1964), publishing (Adventure Travel, Inc. \u2013 1976), space research and space logistics support (SPACEHAB, Inc. \u2013 1983), reusable satellite launch systems (Kistler Aerospace Corporation \u2013 1993), and Lunar transportation and logistics (Lunar Transportation Systems, Inc. \u2013 2004). Citron also started three nonprofit foundations dealing with scientific field research (Educational Expeditions International with Clarence Truesdale, superintendent of Vermont public schools, in 1971, which became Earthwatch, short-lived phenomena (Center for Short-Lived Phenomena \u2013 1975), and the study of the long-term future of humanity Foundation For the Future \u2013 1996). He died on January 31, 2012, at his home in Bellevue, Washington, at the age of 79, due to complications from prostate cancer.", "Q28265": "Raoul Samuel Gunsbourg (born January 6, 1860 in Bucharest - died May 31, 1955 in Monte Carlo) was a Jewish-Romania-born opera director, impresario, composer and writer. Gunsbourg is best known for being the longest-serving director of the Op\u00e9ra de Monte-Carlo, where his career spanned almost six decades.\n\nRaoul Gunsbourg acquired his musical education and its comprehensive knowledge in language and literature as a self-taught person. He attended Medical School in Bucharest which he finished in 1875. In 1877-78 he served as a medic in the Russian army during the Russian-Turkish war. In 1881-83 he created and managed the Gunsbourg's French Opera Stage in Moscow and St. Petersburg. In Moscow Gunsbourg met German composer Richard Wagner. After returning to France, Gunsbourg directed the Grand Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de Lille during the 1888/89 season and the Op\u00e9ra de Nice in 1889-91.\nIn 1892, on recommendation by czar Alexander III of Russia, Gunsbourg was invited by Princess Alice, an American wife of Albert I, Prince of Monaco, to serve as the director of the Op\u00e9ra de Monte-Carlo. Empowered by Princess Alice's encouragement and support, Gunsbourg transformed the Op\u00e9ra de Monte-Carlo into a world-class cultural venue. He was the first opera director to stage Berlioz's La damnation de Faust, which was considered at that time so far more as an oratorio than opera, in his theatre on February 18, 1893.\nGunsbourg's work in Monte Carlo was briefly interrupted during World War II. Assisted by members of the French Resistance, Gunsbourg fled to nearby Switzerland, escaping arrest and possible execution by the Nazis who occupied Monaco in 1943 and began the deportation of the Jewish population. After the war was over, Gunsbourg returned to Monaco where he continued directing the Op\u00e9ra de Monte-Carlo until 1951.", "Q84831": "Christian Gottlob Barth (31 July 1799 \u2013 12 November 1862) was a German Protestant minister, writer and publisher. He founded the publishing house Calwer Verlag in 1833. A representative of pietism in W\u00fcrttemberg, he is regarded as one of the fathers of the Christian revival (Erweckungsbewegung) there in the 19th century. He is also remembered for his children's Bible, translated as \"Bible Stories\", and then into many languages.", "Q4497731": "MSU Faculty of chemistry - the Faculty of Moscow State University. Established at 1929. Dean - professor Stepan Kalmykov.\nNowadays there about 1800 employees at the faculty, among them are 315 professors and over 800 engineers and research workers and 23 members of Russian Academy of Sciences", "Q741700": "Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya FASc, more commonly known as Sir MV (15 September 1860 \u2013 14 April 1962) was an Indian civil engineer and statesman, and the 19th Diwan of Mysore, serving from 1912 to 1919. He received India's highest honour, Bharat Ratna, in 1955. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the British Indian Empire (KCIE) by King George V for his contributions to public good. 15 September is celebrated as Engineer's Day in India, Sri Lanka and Tanzania in his memory. Visvesvaraya is held in high regard as a pre-eminent Engineer of India, and\nwas the Chief Engineer of Krishna Raja Sagara dam in North-West suburb of Mysuru city, and also served as the Chief Engineer of flood protection system for city of Hyderabad.\n\n", "Q323414": "The city of Simi Valley (from the Chumash word, Shimiyi), in the eponymous valley, is in the southeast corner of Ventura County, California, United States, 40 miles (64 km) from downtown Los Angeles, making it part of the Greater Los Angeles Area. The city sits next to Thousand Oaks, Moorpark, and Chatsworth. The city's 2018 population has been estimated at 125,851 up from 124,243 in 2010. The city of Simi Valley is surrounded by the Santa Susana Mountain range and the Simi Hills, west of the San Fernando Valley, and northeast of the Conejo Valley. It grew as a commuter bedroom community for the cities in the Los Angeles area and the San Fernando Valley when a freeway was built over the Santa Susana Pass.\nThe Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, where the former president was buried in 2004, is in Simi Valley. The Reagan Library has hosted Republican primary debates, the last in 2012, and the first primary debate in 2016.", "Q161853": "Hero of Alexandria (; Greek: \u1f2d\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41 \u1f08\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2, Heron ho Alexandreus; also known as Heron of Alexandria ; c. 10 AD \u2013 c. 70 AD) was a mathematician and engineer who was active in his native city of Alexandria, Roman Egypt. He is often considered the greatest experimenter of antiquity and his work is representative of the Hellenistic scientific tradition.Hero published a well-recognized description of a steam-powered device called an aeolipile (sometimes called a \"Hero engine\"). Among his most famous inventions was a windwheel, constituting the earliest instance of wind harnessing on land. He is said to have been a follower of the atomists. In his work Mechanics, described the pantographs. Some of his ideas were derived from the works of Ctesibius.\nIn mathematics he is mostly remembered for Heron's formula, a way to calculate the area of a triangle using only the lengths of its sides.\nMuch of Hero's original writings and designs have been lost, but some of his works were preserved\u2014mostly in manuscripts from the Eastern Roman Empire, and a smaller part in Latin or Arabic translations.", "Q275120": "Captain America: The First Avenger is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures, it is the fifth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Joe Johnston, written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and stars Chris Evans as Steve Rogers / Captain America alongside Tommy Lee Jones, Hugo Weaving, Hayley Atwell, Sebastian Stan, Dominic Cooper, Neal McDonough, Derek Luke, and Stanley Tucci. During World War II, Steve Rogers, a sickly man, is transformed into the super-soldier Captain America and must stop the Red Skull from using the Tesseract as an energy-source for world domination.\nThe film began as a concept in 1997 and was scheduled for distribution by Artisan Entertainment. However, a lawsuit disrupted the project and was not settled until September 2003. In 2005, Marvel Studios received a loan from Merrill Lynch, and planned to finance and release the film through Paramount Pictures. Directors Jon Favreau and Louis Leterrier were interested in directing the project before Johnston was approached in 2008. The principal characters were cast between March and June 2010. Production began in June, and filming took place in London, Manchester, Caerwent, Liverpool, and Los Angeles. Several different techniques were used by the visual effects company Lola to create the physical appearance of the character before he becomes Captain America.\nCaptain America: The First Avenger premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on July 19, 2011, and was released in the United States on July 22, as part of Phase One of the MCU. The film was commercially successful, grossing over $370 million worldwide. Critics particularly praised Evans' performance, the film's depiction of its 1940s time period, and Johnston's direction. Two sequels have been released, Captain America: The Winter Soldier in 2014 and Captain America: Civil War in 2016.", "Q91582": "Carl Adolf Cornelius (12 March 1819 - 10 February 1903) was a German historian. In the context of the 1848 revolutions he was elected to the Frankfurt Parliament in 1848/49, after which he switched from the schools sector to the universities sector and built a reputation as a church historian.", "Q1186567": "The Alexandrinsky Theatre (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440) or Russian State Pushkin Academy Drama Theater (\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043c. \u0410. \u0421. \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430) is a theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia.\nThe Alexandrinsky Theatre was built for the Imperial troupe of Petersburg (Imperial troupe was founded in 1756).\nThe theatre was opened on 31 August (12 September), 1832.\nSince 1832, the theatre has occupied an Empire-style building that Carlo Rossi designed. It was built in 1828-1832 on Alexandrinsky Square (now Ostrovsky Square), which is situated on Nevsky Prospekt between the National Library of Russia and Anichkov Palace. The theatre and the square were named after Empress consort Alexandra Feodorovna. The building is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments.\nIt was one of the many theatres of the Imperial troupe. Dramas, operas and ballets were on the stage. Only in the 1880s, the theatre has become dramatic and tragedy filled.\nThe premi\u00e8res of numerous Russian plays have been performed at the stage of the Alexandrinsky, including plays by Alexandr Griboyedov, Alexander Ostrovsky, and Anton Chekhov. Famous directors who have staged work there include Vsevolod Meyerhold, Grigori Kozintsev, Georgy Tovstonogov, and Nikolay Akimov.\nOn 30 August 2006 the theatre reopened after a reconstruction.", "Q426045": "The University of Malta (Maltese: L-Universit\u00e0 ta' Malta) is the highest educational institution in Malta. It offers undergraduate bachelor's degrees, postgraduate master's degrees and postgraduate doctorates. It is a member of the European University Association, the European Access Network, Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Utrecht Network, the Santander Network, the Compostela Group, the European Association for University Lifelong Learning (EUCEN) and the International Student Exchange Programme (ISEP).In post-nominals the University's name is abbreviated as Melit; a shortened form of Melita (a Latinised form of the Greek \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b7).\n\n", "Q74268": "Bernhard Vogel (German pronunciation: [b\u025b\u0250n\u02c8ha\u0281t \u02c8f\u0254g\u0259l]; born 19 December 1932) is a German politician (CDU). He was the 4th Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate from 1976 to 1988 and the 2nd Minister President of Thuringia from 1992 to 2003. He is the only person to have been head of two different German federal states and is the longest governing Minister President of Germany. He served as the 28th and 40th President of the Bundesrat in 1976/77 and 1987/88.", "Q572366": "Sverdlovsk (Ukrainian: \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a, translit. Sverdlovs\u2019k; Russian: \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a) is a city in Luhansk Oblast (region) of south-eastern Ukraine on the border with the Russian Federation. Serving as the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Raion (district), the city itself is incorporated as a city of oblast significance, does not belong to the raion, and is located approximately 80 km from the oblast capital, Luhansk. On 12 May 2016 it was renamed Dovzhansk (Ukrainian: \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a, translit. Dovzhans\u02b9k) by the Ukrainian government as part of decommunization. The city is controlled by the self-declared Luhansk People's Republic and the name change has not been enforced. Its population is estimated about 64,225\u2009(2016 est.).\nMost of the city residents work in the mining industry. The city municipality also includes the city of Chervonopartyzansk, six towns and several smaller settlements.\nThe city serves as an international gateway between Ukraine and Russia and has border checkpoint in Chervonopartyzansk.\n\n", "Q15682": "C\u00e1diz (, also US: , Spanish: [\u02c8ka\u00f0i\u03b8]; see more below) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the Province of C\u00e1diz, one of eight which make up the autonomous community of Andalusia.\nC\u00e1diz, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Western Europe, with archaeological remains dating to 3100 years, was founded by the Phoenicians. It has been a principal home port of the Spanish Navy since the accession of the Spanish Bourbons in the 18th century. The city is a member of the Most Ancient European Towns Network. It is also the site of the University of C\u00e1diz.\nSituated on a narrow slice of land surrounded by the sea\u201a C\u00e1diz is, in most respects, a typically Andalusian city with a wealth of attractive vistas and well-preserved historical landmarks. The older part of C\u00e1diz within the remnants of the city walls is commonly referred to as the Old Town (Spanish: Casco Antiguo). It is characterized by the antiquity of its various quarters (barrios), among them El P\u00f3pulo, La Vi\u00f1a, and Santa Mar\u00eda, which present a marked contrast to the newer areas of town. While the Old City's street plan consists of narrow winding alleys connecting large plazas, newer areas of C\u00e1diz typically have wide avenues and more modern buildings. In addition, the city is dotted with numerous parks where exotic plants flourish, including giant trees supposedly brought to Spain by Columbus from the New World.", "Q321203": "Pierre Guillaumat (5 August 1909 \u2013 28 August 1991) was a Minister of National Education and Minister of the Armies under French President Charles de Gaulle and founder of the Elf Aquitaine oil company in 1967. He was born in La Fl\u00e8che, Sarthe, the son of French general Adolphe Guillaumat.", "Q457864": "Isadore \"Friz\" Freleng (August 21, 1906 \u2013 May 26, 1995), often credited as I. Freleng, was an American animator, cartoonist, director, producer, and composer known for his work at Warner Bros. Cartoons on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons.\nHe introduced and/or developed several of the studio's biggest stars, including Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, Tweety, Sylvester the Cat, Yosemite Sam (to whom he was said to bear more than a passing resemblance), and Speedy Gonzales. The senior director at Warners' Termite Terrace studio, Freleng directed more cartoons than any other director in the studio (a total of 266), and is also the most honored of the Warner directors, having won five Academy Awards and three Emmy Awards. After Warners closed down the animation studio in 1963, Freleng and business partner David H. DePatie founded DePatie\u2013Freleng Enterprises, which produced cartoons (including The Pink Panther Show), feature film title sequences, and Saturday-morning cartoons through the early 1980s.\nThe nickname \"Friz\" came from his friend, Hugh Harman, who initially nicknamed him \"Congressman Frizby\" after a fictional senator who appeared in satirical pieces in the Los Angeles Examiner. Over time, this shortened to \"Friz\".", "Q73507": "Henry Edwards (27 August 1827 \u2013 9 June 1891), known as \"Harry\", was an English stage actor, writer and entomologist who gained fame in Australia, San Francisco and New York City for his theatre work.\nEdwards was drawn to the theatre early in life, and he appeared in amateur productions in London. After sailing to Australia, Edwards appeared professionally in Shakespearean plays and light comedies primarily in Melbourne and Sydney. Throughout his childhood in England and his acting career in Australia, he was greatly interested in collecting insects, and the National Museum of Victoria used the results of his Australian fieldwork as part of the genesis of their collection.\nIn San Francisco, Edwards was a founding member of the Bohemian Club, and a gathering in Edwards' honour was the spark which began the club's traditional summer encampment at the Bohemian Grove. As well, Edwards cemented his reputation as a preeminent stage actor and theatre manager. After writing a series of influential studies on Pacific Coast butterflies and moths he was elected life member of the California Academy of Sciences. Relocating to the East Coast, Edwards spent a brief time in Boston theatre. This led to a connection to Wallack's Theatre and further renown in New York City. There, Edwards edited three volumes of the journal Papilio and published a major work about the life of the butterfly. His large collection of insect specimens served as the foundation of the American Museum of Natural History's butterfly and moth studies.\nEdwards' wide-ranging studies and observations of insects brought him into contact with specimens not yet classified. Upon discovering previously unknown insects he would give them names, which led to a number of butterfly, moth and beetle species bearing \"Hy. Edw.\" (for Henry Edwards) as an attribution. From his theatre interests to entomology, Edwards carried forward an appreciation of Shakespeare\u2014in the designation of new insect species he favoured female character names from Shakespeare's plays.", "Q621786": "Alexander Mach (11 October 1902 in Slovensk\u00fd Meder (today Pal\u00e1rikovo) \u2013 15 October 1980 in Bratislava) was a Slovak nationalist politician. Mach was associated with the far right wing of Slovak nationalism and became noted for his strong support of Nazism and Germany.", "Q961787": "Bryan-Michael Paul Cox (born December 1, 1977) is an American record producer and songwriter who is notable for his extensive work with multiple platinum-selling artists including Usher, Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige, and Toni Braxton. Among his most notable productions are \"Be Without You\" for Mary J. Blige, \"Burn\", \"Confessions Part II\" and \"U Got It Bad\" for Usher, and \"Shake It Off\", \"I Stay In Love\" and \"You Don't Know What To Do\" for Mariah Carey.\nCox also attained a Guinness World Record for the longest consecutive period of chart success (after spending over five years on the Billboard chart continuously), breaking the record was previously held by The Beatles. After growing up in Houston, Texas (where Cox was good friends at high school with Beyonc\u00e9, often producing records for the members of Destiny's Child before they signed with Columbia Records), Cox relocated to Atlanta to pursue his professional music career and soon established a close working relationship with his frequent production partner Jermaine Dupri.\nDuring his career Cox has been responsible for more than 100 million album sales, 35 number-one hits, and 12 Grammy Award nominations (including nine wins). He is widely regarded as one of the most critically acclaimed and commercially successful songwriters and producers in the history of contemporary R&B. In 2009, he was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame for his outstanding contribution to music.\n\n", "Q469752": "Marie Marvingt (20 February 1875 \u2013 14 December 1963) was a French athlete, mountaineer, aviator, and journalist. She won numerous prizes for her sporting achievements including those of swimming, cycling, mountain climbing, winter sports, ballooning, flying, riding, gymnastics, athletics, rifle shooting, and fencing. She was the first woman to climb many of the peaks in the French and Swiss Alps. She was a record-breaking balloonist, an aviator, and during World War I she became the first female combat pilot. She was also a qualified surgical nurse, was the first trained and certified flight nurse in the world, and worked for the establishment of air ambulance services throughout the world. In 1903 M. Ch\u00e2teau de Thierry de Beaumanoir named her the fianc\u00e9e of danger, which newspapers used to describe her for the rest of her life. It is also included on the commemorative plaque on the fa\u00e7ade of the house where she lived at 8 Place de la Carri\u00e8re, Nancy.", "Q100507": "Friedrich Krebs was the mayor of Frankfurt, Germany from 1933 to 1945. In March 1933, Krebs, a fervent anti-Semite and Nazi, ousted the previous mayor, Ludwig Landmann, who was Jewish. Within two weeks Krebs fired all Jewish city employees, even before the German Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service removed Jews from government service.In 1933, Krebs established the Frankfurter Modeamt to help make Frankfurt a center for women\u2019s fashion in the Third Reich.He was a passenger on the Hindenburg on its 1936 maiden voyage from Germany to the United States.", "Q941331": "Craig Curry (born March 24, 1973), better known by his stage name Craig G, is an American rapper from Queensbridge, Queens, New York. He is perhaps best known as one of the members of hip hop producer Marley Marl's Cold Chillin' Records group the Juice Crew.He recorded the single \"Shout Rap\" with Marley Marl in 1985 at 12 years old and in 1988 recorded \"The Symphony (song)\" with the Juice Crew, described by Allmusic as \"a landmark moment in the evolution of hardcore rap\". He was then signed by Atlantic Records who released two albums, in 1989 and 1991, with little promotion After his experience with Atlantic his career went quiet for much of the 1990s although later in the decade he regained popularity with underground rap fans. He released another album in 2003 on D&D Records, This Is Now!!!, featuring collaborations with Marley Marl, DJ Premier and Da Beatminerz.", "Q87486": "Karl Sch\u00f6nb\u00f6ck (4 February 1909 in Vienna \u2013 24 March 2001 in Munich) was an Austrian actor.", "Q22748": "Die Partei f\u00fcr Arbeit, Rechtsstaat, Tierschutz, Elitenf\u00f6rderung und basisdemokratische Initiative (Party for Labour, Rule of Law, Animal Protection, Promotion of Elites and Grassroots Democratic Initiative), or Die PARTEI (The PARTY), is a German political party that was founded in 2004 by the editors of the German satirical magazine Titanic. It is led by Martin Sonneborn. In the 2014 European Parliament election, the party won a seat, marking the first time that a satirical party has won a seat to the European Parliament. With the 2019 European Parliament election the party gained a second seat, held by Nico Semsrott.", "Q263024": "Ahmir Khalib Thompson (born January 20, 1971), known professionally as Questlove (stylized as ?uestlove), is an American musician and music journalist. He is the drummer and joint frontman (with Black Thought) for the Grammy Award-winning band The Roots. The Roots has been serving as the in-house band for The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon since February 17, 2014. Questlove is also one of the producers of the cast album of the Broadway musical Hamilton. He is the co-founder of the websites Okayplayer and OkayAfrica. Additionally, he is an adjunct instructor at the Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music at New York University.Questlove has produced recordings for artists including Elvis Costello, Common, D'Angelo, Jill Scott, Erykah Badu, Bilal, Jay-Z, Nikka Costa, and more recently, Al Green, Amy Winehouse, and John Legend. He is a member of the production teams the Soulquarians, The Randy Watson Experience, The Soultronics, The Beat Biters (with producers Just Blaze and 9th Wonder), The Grand Negaz, and The Grand Wizzards.", "Q310960": "Phillip Bradley Bird (born September 24, 1957) is an American animator, director, screenwriter, producer and voice actor, best known for his animated feature films The Iron Giant (1999), The Incredibles (2004), Ratatouille (2007), and Incredibles 2 (2018). His live action films are Mission: Impossible \u2013 Ghost Protocol (2011) and Tomorrowland (2015).\nBird developed a love for the art of animation at an early age and was mentored by Milt Kahl, one of Disney's reputed Nine Old Men. He was part of one of the earliest graduating classes of the California Institute of the Arts alongside John Lasseter and Tim Burton. Afterward, Bird worked as an animator for Disney in The Fox and the Hound (1981) and The Black Cauldron (1985) and wrote the screenplay for Batteries Not Included (1987).\nBird served as a creative consultant on The Simpsons during its first eight seasons, where he helped develop the show's animation style.\nBird directed his first animated feature film, The Iron Giant, in 1999. Although it fared poorly at the box office, it came to be regarded as a modern animated classic. He rejoined John Lasseter at Pixar in 2000, where he developed his second animated film, The Incredibles (2004). He directed his third film, Ratatouille, in 2007. Both films place among Pixar's highest-grossing features and gave Bird two Academy Award for Best Animated Feature wins and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay nominations. In 2011, Bird directed his first live action film, Mission: Impossible \u2013 Ghost Protocol, which was a critical and commercial success. His second live action film, Tomorrowland, starring George Clooney, was released in May 2015, to mixed reviews and less commercial success. In 2018, Incredibles 2 was released, which Bird wrote and directed. Like its predecessor, the film was a critical and box office success.", "Q185519": "Titus Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus (513 BC - after 423 BC) was a Roman statesman and general who served as consul six times. Titus Quinctius was a member of the gens Quinctia, one of the oldest patrician families in Rome.\nHe was the son of Lucius Quinctius and grandson of Lucius Quinctius. He was possibly the brother of Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, who was suffect consul and dictator in 460 BC, 458 BC and 439 BC. His son, who bore the same name, Titus Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, was elected consul in 421 BC and was possibly the military tribune with consular power in 405 BC.\nAccording to Livy, Titus Quinctius was still alive in 423 BC, aged 90 years.", "Q73261": "Uwe Kr\u00f6ger (German pronunciation: [\u02c8u\u02d0v\u0259 \u02c8k\u0281\u00f8\u02d0\u0261\u0250]; born 4 December 1964 in Hamm, West Germany) is a musical star in the German-speaking countries of the world. Besides starring on stage, Kr\u00f6ger has taken part in galas and concerts, as well as making television and film appearances. He has released cast recordings and solo CDs.", "Q182276": "Benito Pablo Ju\u00e1rez Garc\u00eda (Spanish: [be\u02c8nito \u02c8pa\u03b2lo \u02c8xwa\u027ees ga\u027e\u02c8si.a] (listen); 21 March 1806 \u2013 18 July 1872) was a Mexican lawyer and politician, who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in 1872. Born in Oaxaca to a poor rural family of Zapotec origin, he became a well-educated urban professional and politician who married a socially prominent woman of Oaxaca City, Margarita Maza. He identified primarily as a Liberal and wrote only briefly about his indigenous heritage.When moderate liberal President Ignacio Comonfort was forced to resign by the Conservatives in 1858, Ju\u00e1rez, as head of the Supreme Court, assumed the presidency following the succession codified in the Constitution of 1857. He weathered the War of the Reform (1858\u201360), a civil war between the Liberals and the Conservatives, and then the French invasion (1862\u20131867), which was supported by Conservative monarchists. Never relinquishing office although forced into exile to areas of Mexico not controlled by the French, Ju\u00e1rez tied Liberalism to Mexican nationalism and maintained that he was the legitimate head of the Mexican state, rather than Emperor Maximilian. When the French-backed Second Mexican Empire fell in 1867, the Mexican Republic with Ju\u00e1rez as president was restored to full power. For his success in ousting the European incursion, Latin Americans considered his time in power as a \"second struggle for independence, a second defeat for the European powers, and a second reversal of the Conquest.\"Ju\u00e1rez is revered in Mexico as \"a preeminent symbol of Mexican nationalism and resistance to foreign intervention.\" Ju\u00e1rez was a practical and skilled politician, controversial in his lifetime and beyond. He had an understanding of the importance of a working relationship with the United States, and secured its recognition for his liberal government during the War of the Reform. Although many of his positions shifted during his political life, he held fast to particular principles including the supremacy of civil power over the Catholic Church and part of the military; respect for law; and the de-personalization of political life. In his lifetime he sought to strengthen the national government and asserted the supremacy of central power over states, a position that both radical and provincial liberals opposed. He was the subject of polemical attacks both in his lifetime and beyond. However, the place of Ju\u00e1rez in Mexican historical memory has enshrined him as a major Mexican hero, beginning in his own lifetime.His birthday (March 21) is a national public and patriotic holiday in Mexico. He is the only individual Mexican so honored.", "Q86940": "G\u00e9za II (Hungarian: II. G\u00e9za; Croatian: Gejza II; Slovak: Gejza II; 1130 \u2013 31 May 1162) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1141 to 1162. He was the oldest son of B\u00e9la the Blind and his wife, Helena of Rascia. When his father died, G\u00e9za was still a child and he started ruling under the guardianship of his mother and her brother, Belo\u0161. A pretender to the throne, Boris Kalamanos, who had already claimed Hungary during B\u00e9la the Blind's reign, temporarily captured Pressburg (now Bratislava in Slovakia) with the assistance of German mercenaries in early 1146. In retaliation, G\u00e9za, who came of age in the same year, invaded Austria and routed Henry Jasomirgott, Margrave of Austria, in the Battle of the Fischa.\nAlthough the German\u2013Hungarian relations remained tense, no major confrontations occurred when the German crusaders marched through Hungary in June 1147. Two months later, Louis VII of France and his crusaders arrived, along with Boris Kalamanos who attempted to take advantage of the crusade to return to Hungary. Louis VII refused to extradite Boris to G\u00e9za, but prevented the pretender from coming into contacts with his supporters in Hungary and took him to Constantinople. G\u00e9za joined the coalition that Louis VII and Roger II of Sicily formed against Conrad III of Germany and the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos. The ancestors of the Transylvanian Saxons came to Hungary during G\u00e9za's reign. Western European knights and Muslim warriors from the Pontic steppes also settled in Hungary in this period. G\u00e9za even allowed his Muslim soldiers to take concubines.\nG\u00e9za intervened at least six times in the fights for Kiev on behalf of Iziaslav II of Kiev either by sending reinforcements or by personally leading his troops to the Kievan Rus' between 1148 and 1155. He also waged wars against the Byzantine Empire on behalf of his allies, including the Serbs of Rascia, but could not prevent the Byzantines from restoring their suzerainty over them. Conflicts emerged between G\u00e9za and his brothers, Stephen and Ladislaus, who fled from Hungary and settled in Emperor Manuel's court in Constantinople. G\u00e9za supported Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, against the Lombard League with auxiliary troops between 1158 and 1160. After the cardinals who supported Emperor Frederick I elected Victor IV pope, G\u00e9za acknowledged his legitimacy in 1160, but in a year, he changed sides and concluded a concordat with Victor IV's opponent, Pope Alexander III. Before his death, G\u00e9za organized a separate appanage duchy for his younger son, B\u00e9la.", "Q110714": "Lester Willis Young (August 27, 1909 \u2013 March 15, 1959), nicknamed \"Pres\" or \"Prez\", was an American jazz tenor saxophonist and occasional clarinetist.\nComing to prominence while a member of Count Basie's orchestra, Young was one of the most influential players on his instrument. In contrast to many of his hard-driving peers, Young played with a relaxed, cool tone and used sophisticated harmonies, using what one critic called \"a free-floating style, wheeling and diving like a gull, banking with low, funky riffs that pleased dancers and listeners alike\".Known for his hip, introverted style, he invented or popularized much of the hipster jargon which came to be associated with the music.\n\n", "Q63072": "Johann Philipp Abelin was a German chronicler whose career straddled the 16th and 17th centuries. He was born, probably, at Strasbourg, and died there between 1634 and 1637. He wrote numerous histories under the pseudonyms of Abeleus, Philipp Arlanib\u00e4us, Johann Ludwig Gottfried and Gotofredus.", "Q505850": "Reuben Garrett Lucius Goldberg (July 4, 1883 \u2013 December 7, 1970), known best as Rube Goldberg, was an American cartoonist, sculptor, author, engineer, and inventor.\nGoldberg is best known for his popular cartoons depicting complicated gadgets performing simple tasks in indirect, convoluted ways. The cartoons led to the expression \"Rube Goldberg machines\" to describe similar gadgets and processes. Goldberg received many honors in his lifetime, including a Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning in 1948 and the Banshees' Silver Lady Award in 1959. He was a founding member and first president of the National Cartoonists Society and the namesake of the Reuben Award, which the organization awards to its Cartoonist of the Year. He is the inspiration for international competitions known as Rube Goldberg Machine Contests which challenge participants to create a complicated machine to perform a simple task.", "Q159472": "Zbigniew Tadeusz Ziobro Polish: [\u02c8zbi\u0261\u0272\u025bv \u02c8\u0291\u0254br\u0254] (listen); born August 18, 1970) is a Polish politician. He is the current Minister of Justice of the Republic of Poland, as of January 2019, serving in the Cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki. He previously served in the same role from October 2005 to November 2007, simultaneously serving as Public Prosecutor General. He was elected to the Sejm on September 25, 2005 in the 13th Krak\u00f3w district, running on the Law and Justice list. He received over 120,000 votes in the parliamentary election, the highest percentage constituency result on a nationwide scale.\nZiobro graduated from the Faculty of Law and Administration of Jagiellonian University. He did not complete his PhD. He was a member of the Sejm from 2001 to 2005.\nDue to his proclaimed \"battle against corruption\", he became one of the more popular, but also polarizing, politicians in Poland. His uncompromising approach and publicized prosecutions earned him the title Man of the year 2006, awarded by Wprost magazine. However, some of his policies were repeatedly characterized as partisan and overzealous by local and international press, including The Economist.In 2007, former Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration Janusz Kaczmarek, allegedly linked to the Andrzej Lepper bribery case, was forced to resign. He subsequently made a series of attack on members of the government, especially Ziobro. In a media confrontation with vice-PM Andrzej Lepper, Ziobro revealed that he had secretly recorded a conversation with Lepper.In the elections to the European Parliament in 2009, he was elected in the Krak\u00f3w constituency as an MEP. He received 335 933 votes, representing the second highest score in the country.Since November 16, 2015, Ziobro has been the Justice Minister of Poland in the cabinet of Beata Szyd\u0142o. In February 2016 he became Prosecutor General as well, which is result of new law unifying both positions.On August 20, 2019, Ziobro's deputy \u0141ukasz Piebiak resigned following allegations of \"arranging and controlling\" an online and offline smear campaign against judges critical of the government's efforts to put more political control over the judiciary. In private correspondence revealed by Onet.pl Piebiak claimed to be reporting his actions to an unnamed \"boss\".\n\n", "Q107268": "Monika Heinold (born 30 December 1958 in G\u00fctersloh) is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens.", "Q3894602": "Paolo Zamboni (born 25 March 1957, Ferrara, Italy) is an Italian doctor included among the Top Italian Scientists. He is full Professor and Director of the School of Vascular Surgery at the University of Ferrara in Italy.He is known to have discovered, identified and described a vascular disease called chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) strongly related with multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases such as M\u00e9ni\u00e8re and Parkinson.", "Q254850": "Gloria, Dowager Princess of Thurn and Taxis (Mariae Gloria Ferdinanda Joachima Josephine Wilhelmine Huberta; born Countess Gloria von Sch\u00f6nburg-Glauchau, 23 February 1960) is a German socialite, businesswoman, philanthropist, Catholic activist, and artist. Through her marriage to Johannes, 11th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, she became the Princess Consort of Thurn und Taxis.\n\n", "Q330468": "Om Shanti Om (Hindi pronunciation: [o\u02d0m \u0283a\u02d0nt\u032a\u026a o\u02d0m]) is a 2007 Indian fantasy melodrama film directed and co-written by Farah Khan with Mayur Puri and Mushtaq Shiekh. It stars Shah Rukh Khan as Om, a junior artist in 1977 who has a crush on a secretly married superstar, played by Deepika Padukone in her Hindi film debut. Her lover, a producer played by Arjun Rampal, kills her in a fire; Om witnesses this and dies from the injuries sustained from trying to rescue her. Reincarnated as a superstar in 2007, he seeks to avenge his love. Om Shanti Om also starred Shreyas Talpade, Kirron Kher, Bindu and Javed Sheikh in supporting roles, and saw cameos from many Bollywood celebrities in several sequences and songs.\nThe film was produced and presented by Shah Rukh's wife Gauri Khan under the banner Red Chillies Entertainment on a budget of \u20b9350 million. Farah conceived Om Shanti Om while directing the musical Bombay Dreams (2002), which was based on the Indian film industry. After Shah Rukh rejected the first version of her next film Happy New Year, she was reminded of Om Shanti Om; the film's title derives from a similar titled popular song from the 1980 film Karz. The soundtrack album was composed by Vishal\u2013Shekhar, with lyrics written by Javed Akhtar. The background score was performed by Sandeep Chowta. The album received positive reviews and was also commercially successful, becoming the highest-selling album of the year in India.\nReleased on 9 November 2007, Om Shanti Om earned over \u20b91.48 billion worldwide becoming the highest grossing Bollywood film of the year; it received positive reviews, with praise for the performances and the film's narrative. The film won several awards in major Indian film award ceremonies. At 53rd Filmfare Awards, it received 12 nominations, winning for Best Female Debut and Best Special Effects, and also won the National Film Award for Best Production Design.", "Q714729": "Robert Laman Webber (October 14, 1924 \u2013 May 19, 1989) was an American actor.\nHe appeared in dozens of films and television series, roles that included Juror No. 12 in the classic 1957 film 12 Angry Men.", "Q129195": "The Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau (TU Ilmenau) is a German public research university located in Ilmenau, Thuringia, Germany. It was founded in 1894, it has a total of 5 academic departments (faculties) and about 7,200 students.", "Q119056": "Adolf Klose (1844\u20131923) was the chief engineer of the Royal W\u00fcrttemberg State Railways in southern Germany from June 1885 to 1896.Klose was born on 21 May 1844 in Bernstadt auf dem Eigen, in Saxony. Before his taking up his post in Stuttgart he had been the technical inspector of the United Swiss Railways (Vereinigten Schweizerbahnen). After a period of depending on Prussian prototypes between 1865 and 1885, a new engineering direction followed under Klose's time in office. It was stamped by numerous home-grown ideas and discoveries. In particular he promoted the introduction of compound working for steam locomotives in W\u00fcrttemberg.The patented Klose steering (Klose-Lenkwerk) carries his name. This was a multipartite and complex device for steam locomotives, which controlled the radial setting of leading and trailing wheelsets in order to improve curve running. Unfortunately, its costly maintenance and tendency to develop faults meant that his invention had no lasting success, something which was true of many other of his devices.\nIn 1906, Rudolf Diesel, Adolf Klose and the steam and diesel engine manufacturer Gebr\u00fcder Sulzer founded Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Thermolokomotiven, Diesel-Klose-Sulzer GmbH for the manufacture of diesel-powered locomotives. The company produced one diesel-mechanical locomotive for the Prussian State Railways in 1912.Adolf Klose died on 2 September 1923 in Munich, Bavaria.", "Q86798": "Ruth F. Weiss (December 11, 1908 \u2013 March 6, 2006), also known by her Chinese name, W\u00e8i L\u00f9sh\u012b (Chinese: \u9b4f\u7490\u8bd7), was a Jewish Austrian-Chinese educator, journalist, and lecturer. She was the last surviving European eyewitness of the Chinese Communist Revolution and the beginnings of the People\u2019s Republic of China.", "Q853047": "Baron B\u00e9la B\u00e1nhidy de Sim\u00e1nd (17 February 1836 \u2013 18 June 1890) was a Hungarian politician and Member of Parliament.\nHe was elected to a member of the Diet of Hungary in 1875 as a MP for Kisjen\u0151 (today: Chi\u015fineu-Cri\u015f, Romania). After the Occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878) he withdrew from the Liberal Party and formed the Independent Liberal Party which soon merged into the Right-wing Opposition. He became first chairman of the newly formed Moderate Opposition which later was renamed to National Party in 1891.\nB\u00e1nhidy lost his mandate in the 1878 elections. He conducted journalistic activities for newspapers in Budapest. Later he moved to Arad (today in Romania).\n\n", "Q233613": "Rebeka Dremelj (born July 25, 1980 in Bre\u017eice, Slovenia, at the time SR Slovenia, Yugoslavia) is a Slovene singer, model, fashion designer, actress, and TV Host. She was chosen to represent Slovenia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 in Belgrade, Serbia with the song \"Vrag naj vzame\".", "Q208685": "Rupert James Hector Everett (; born (1959-05-29)29 May 1959) is an English actor, writer, and singer. He first came to public attention in 1981, when he was cast in Julian Mitchell's play and subsequent film Another Country (1984) as a gay pupil at an English public school in the 1930s; the role earned him his first BAFTA Award nomination. He went on to receive a second BAFTA Award nomination and his first Golden Globe Award nomination for his role in My Best Friend's Wedding (1997), followed by a second Golden Globe nomination for An Ideal Husband (1999).\nEverett has performed in many other prominent films, including The Madness of King George (1994), Shakespeare in Love (1998), Inspector Gadget (1999), The Next Best Thing (2000), The Importance of Being Earnest (2002), Sherlock Holmes and the Case of the Silk Stocking (2004), Shrek 2 (2004), The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005), Stardust (2007), Shrek the Third (2007), Wild Target (2010) and Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (2016).", "Q4864": "Yevgeny Valentinovich Kaspersky (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; born 4 October 1965) is a Russian cybersecurity expert and the CEO of Kaspersky Lab, an IT security company with 4,000 employees. He cofounded Kaspersky Lab in 1997 and helped identify instances of government-sponsored cyberwarfare as the head of research. He has been an advocate for an international treaty prohibiting cyberwarfare.\nKaspersky graduated from The Technical Faculty of the KGB Higher School in 1987 with a degree in mathematical engineering and computer technology. His interest in IT security began when his work computer was infected with the Cascade virus in 1989 and he developed a program to remove it. Kaspersky helped grow Kaspersky Lab through security research and salesmanship. He became the CEO in 2007 and remains so as of 2020.", "Q539171": "Iolanda Cristina Gigliotti (Italian: [jo\u02c8landa kri\u02c8sti\u02d0na d\u0292i\u028e\u02c8\u028e\u0254tti]; 17 January 1933 \u2013 3 May 1987), professionally known as Dalida (Arabic: \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u200e), was an Egyptian-French singer and actress, born in Egypt to Italian parents. She won the Miss Egypt beauty contest in 1954 and began a 31-year singing career in 1956, selling 170 million albums and singles worldwide. She died by suicide in 1987.", "Q462161": "Kenosha () is a city in and the county seat of Kenosha County, Wisconsin, United States. Kenosha is on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. With an estimated population of 100,164 as of July 1, 2018, it is the fourth-largest city in Wisconsin and the fourth-largest city on Lake Michigan. Although closer to Milwaukee, the city is a part of the United States Census Bureau's Chicago Combined Statistical Area (CSA); due to its metropolitan area being larger.", "Q239458": "Delmira Agustini (October 24, 1886 \u2013 July 6, 1914) was an Uruguayan poet of the early 20th century.", "Q267242": "Ivar Lo-Johansson (23 February 1901 \u2013 11 April 1990) was a Swedish writer of the proletarian school. His autobiographical 1979 memoir, Pubertet (Puberty), won the Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 1979.", "Q186010": "Richard Luigi Di Natale (born 6 June 1970) is an Australian politician who serves as a senator for Victoria. He was also the leader of the Australian Greens from 2015 to 2020. Di Natale was elected to the Australian Senate in the 2010 federal election. A former general practitioner, Di Natale became federal parliamentary leader of the Australian Greens on 6 May 2015 following the resignation of Christine Milne and led the Greens during the 2016 and 2019 federal elections.\n\n", "Q231004": "Patricia Helen Heaton (born March 4, 1958) is an American actress and comedian. She is known for her starring role as Debra Barone in the CBS sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond (1996\u20132005) and as Frances \"Frankie\" Heck on the ABC sitcom The Middle (2009\u20132018). Since 2019, Heaton stars as Dr. Carol Kenney in the CBS sitcom Carol's Second Act.\nHeaton is a three-time Emmy Award winner \u2013 twice winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for Everybody Loves Raymond, and a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Culinary Program as host of Patricia Heaton Parties (2015\u20132016).", "Q114572": "Siegfried Mauser (born 3 November 1954) is a German pianist, academic and music manager. In 2016, 2017, and 2018, German courts convicted him as a multiple sex offender.", "Q1351293": "Eric Gauthier (dancer) (*1977) is a Canadian-born dancer, choreographer and musician. After a soloist career at the Stuttgart Ballet he founded Gauthier Dance/\u2009/Dance Company at the Theaterhaus Stuttgart in 2007. In 2011, he won the German Dance Prize Deutscher Tanzpreis.", "Q740378": "Elizaveta Grigorevna Polonskaya (Russian: \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, IPA: [j\u026al\u02b2\u026az\u0250\u02c8v\u02b2\u025bt\u0259 p\u0250\u02c8lonsk\u0259j\u0259]), born Movshenson\n(Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0301\u043d; June 26 [O.S. June 14] 1890 \u2013 January 11, 1969), was a Russian Jewish poet, translator, and journalist, the only female member of the Serapion Brothers.", "Q205389": "Juan Ignacio Paulino Ram\u00edrez Calzada, known as Ignacio Ram\u00edrez, (22 June 1818 \u2013 15 June 1879) was a Mexican writer, poet, journalist, lawyer, atheist, and political libertarian from San Miguel de Allende, then called San Miguel el Grande. His father had been a prominent federalist politician. In writings, Ram\u00edrez used the pen name, El Nigromante (The Necromancer). He defended the rights of Indians. Ram\u00edrez worked with Guillermo Prieto to start the satirical periodical, Don Simplicio. Ram\u00edrez is considered a member of the \"'romantic generation' of Mexican liberals\" coinciding with the Liberal Reform; others were Ponciano Arriaga, Miguel Lerdo de Tejada, Melchor Ocampo, and Guillermo Prieto.", "Q185531": "Horace Robinson Kornegay (March 12, 1924 \u2013 January 21, 2009) was a U.S. Representative from North Carolina.\nBorn in Asheville, North Carolina, Kornegay was educated in the public schools of Greensboro, North Carolina, graduating from Greensboro Senior High School (see Grimsley High School) in 1941.\nHe attended Georgia School of Technology and graduated from Wake Forest College with a B.S., 1947, and an LL.B., 1949.\nHe was admitted to the bar and entered the practice of law in Greensboro in 1949.\nHe served in the United States Army, One Hundredth Infantry, from December 14, 1942, to February 1, 1946, with service in the European Theater.\nHe served as assistant district solicitor from 1951 to 1953.\nKornegay was elected district solicitor (prosecuting attorney), for the twelfth district of North Carolina in 1954 and again in 1958. He served as a delegate to the 1964 Democratic National Convention.\nKornegay was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-seventh and to the three succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1961 \u2013 January 3, 1969).\nHe was not a candidate for reelection in 1968 to the Ninety-first Congress.\nHe served as vice president and counsel (January 1969-June 1970), then president (June 1970-February 1981), and finally chairman (February 1982-December 1986), of the Tobacco Institute, Inc.\nHe resumed the practice of law in Greensboro, North Carolina, in January 1987.\nHe lived in Greensboro until his death in 2009, aged 84.", "Q3021823": "Delphine Ernotte (born 28 July 1966) is a French telecommunications and media executive. She is the chief executive officer of France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions, and a former executive at Orange S.A.", "Q232525": "Theodelinda also spelled Theudelinde (c. 570\u2013628 AD), was a queen of the Lombards by marriage to two consecutive Lombard rulers, Autari and then Agilulf, and regent of Lombardia during the minority of her son Adaloald, and co-regent when he reached majority, from 616 to 626. For well over thirty years, she exercised influence across the Lombard realm, which comprised most of Italy between the Apennines and the Alps. Born a Frank Catholic, she convinced her first spouse Autari to convert from pagan beliefs to Christianity.", "Q956665": "Robert Mills (August 12, 1781 \u2013 March 3, 1855), a South Carolina architect known for designing both the first Washington Monument, located in Baltimore, Maryland, as well as the better known monument to the first president in the nation's capital, Washington, DC. He is sometimes said to be the first native-born American to be professionally trained as an architect. Charles Bulfinch of Boston perhaps has a clearer claim to this honor. \nMills studied in Charleston, South Carolina, as a student in the lower school at the College of Charleston and of Irish architect James Hoban, and later worked with him on his commission for the White House. This became the official home of US presidents. Both Hoban and Mills were Freemasons. Mills also studied and worked with Benjamin Henry Latrobe of Philadelphia. He designed numerous buildings in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and South Carolina, where he was appointed as superintendent of public buildings. His Washington Monument in Washington, DC was not completed until 1885, 30 years after his death.", "Q117053": "Daniel Robert Odier (born 1945 in Geneva), also known by his pseudonym Delacorta, is a Swiss author and screenwriter. Praised by Ana\u00efs Nin as \"an outstanding writer and a dazzling poet,\" he is also a prolific writer on Eastern religious traditions, especially Tantra.", "Q7765067": "The Social Buccaneer is a 1923 American film serial directed by Robert F. Hill. The serial consisted of ten episodes and was based on the novel of the same name by Frederic S. Isham. The Social Buccaneer is now considered to be a lost film.", "Q1276176": "John Scott (born Patrick John O'Hara Scott, 1 November 1930), also known as Johnny Scott and Patrick John Scott, is an English film composer and music conductor. Scott has collaborated with well-known directors and producers, including Mark Damon, Richard Donner, Charlton Heston, Mike Hodges, Hugh Hudson, Norman Jewison, Irvin Kershner, Ilaiyaraaja, Daniel Petrie, Roger Spottiswoode, and Norman J. Warren, among others.", "Q64735": "Bennwil is a municipality in the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q45923": "Aaron Perry Taylor-Johnson (n\u00e9 Johnson; born 13 June 1990) is an English actor and screenwriter, best known for his portrayal of the titular character in the Kick-Ass films and Quicksilver in Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015).\nTaylor-Johnson began performing at age six and has appeared in films such as Shanghai Knights (2003), playing a young Charlie Chaplin, The Illusionist (2006) and Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging (2008). He had his breakthrough performance in the John Lennon biopic Nowhere Boy (2009). He went on to portray Ben in the Oliver Stone-directed crime thriller Savages (2012), Russian aristocrat Count Vronsky in Joe Wright's adaptation of Anna Karenina (2012) and Lt. Brody in Gareth Edwards' monster movie Godzilla (2014). For his performance as psychopathic drifter Ray Marcus in Tom Ford's thriller Nocturnal Animals (2016), he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role.", "Q744136": "Ivor Bolton (born 17 May 1958) is an English conductor and harpsichordist.", "Q427415": "The Bernina Range is a mountain range in the Alps of eastern Switzerland and northern Italy. It is considered to be part of the Rhaetian Alps within the Central Eastern Alps. It is one of the highest ranges of the Alps, covered with many glaciers. Piz Bernina (4,049 m (13,284 ft)), its highest peak, is the most easterly four thousand-metre peak in the Alps. The peak in the range which sees the most ascents is Piz Pal\u00fc.\nThe Bernina Range is separated from the Albula Range in the north-west by the Maloja Pass and the Upper Engadin valley; from the Livigno Range in the east by the Bernina Pass; from the Bergamo Alps in the south by the Adda valley (Valtellina); and from the Bregaglia Range in the south-west by the Muretto Pass. The Bernina Range is drained by the rivers Adda, Inn and\nMaira (Mera in Italy).\nThe term Bernina Alps can also be used in an extended sense to include both the Bernina and Bregaglia ranges; this is the area coloured red on the map (right) and labelled \u2018Bernina Alpen\u2019.", "Q881129": "Blaine Larsen (born February 2, 1986) is an American country music artist. He was raised in Buckley, Washington. At age fifteen, he recorded his debut album In My High School on Giantslayer Records, an independent record label. The album was re-issued in 2005 as Off to Join the World by BNA Records. Blaine's second album, Rockin' You Tonight, was issued in June 2006, also on BNA. Larsen's two albums for that label have produced five chart singles on the Hot Country Songs charts, of which the highest-peaking was \"How Do You Get That Lonely\" at number 18. Larsen left BNA in 2009, in favor of Treehouse Records and consequently with Stroudavarious Records, but is now unsigned.", "Q156769": "Renzo Montagnani (September 11, 1930 \u2013 May 22, 1997) was an Italian actor and voice actor.", "Q108173": "Kirsten L\u00fchmann (born 1964) is a German politician with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), deputy federal chairwoman of the German Civil Service Federation and, since the German federal elections of 2009, a member of parliament for the SPD.\n\n", "Q62344": "Carl Theodor K\u00f6rner (23 September 1791 \u2013 26 August 1813) was a German poet and soldier. After some time in Vienna, where he wrote some light comedies and other works for the Burgtheater, he became a soldier and joined the L\u00fctzow Free Corps in the German uprising against Napoleon. During these times, he displayed personal courage in many fights, and encouraged his comrades by fiery patriotic lyrics he composed, among these being the \"Schwertlied\" (Sword Song), composed during a lull in fighting only a few hours before his death, and \"L\u00fctzows wilde Jagd\" (L\u00fctzow's Wild Chase), each set to music by both Carl Maria von Weber and Franz Schubert. He was often called the \"German Tyrtaeus.\"", "Q99690": "Senta S\u00f6neland (9 September 1882 \u2013 20 July 1934) was a German stage and film actress.", "Q24311": "Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen, CBE, DSO (3 March 1878 \u2013 17 June 1967) was a British soldier, intelligence officer, and ornithologist. He had a decorated military career spanning Africa, where he was credited with creating and executing the infamous Haversack Ruse. \nWhile early biographies lionized Meinertzhagen as a master of military strategy and espionage, later works such as The Meinertzhagen Mystery present him as a fraud for fabricating stories of his feats and speculated he was also a murderer. The discovery of stolen museum bird specimens resubmitted as original discoveries had raised serious doubts on a number of scores as to the veracity of ornithological records he claimed, as well.\n\n", "Q4762258": "Angel Records was a record label founded by EMI in 1953. It specialised in classical music, but included an occasional operetta or Broadway score. The Angel mark was used by EMI, its predecessors, and affiliated companies since 1898. EMI's classical-music operations were sold to Warner Music Group in 2013. The label is currently inactive since 2006, dissolving and reassigning Angel Records' artists and catalogues into its parent label EMI Classics and musical theatre artists and catalogues into Capitol Records. EMI Classics has since been sold and absorbed into Warner Classics.", "Q4360860": "Sergey Anatolyevich Petrov (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432; born 1954, Orenburg) is a Deputy of the State Duma, member of Spravedlivaya Rossiya political party, member of the Budget and Taxes State Duma Committee.\nFounder and beneficiary of the ROLF Group (the first diversified automotive business in the Russian market), President of the ROLF Group of Companies until 2004.", "Q72157": "Ignatz Bubis (12 January 1927 \u2013 13 August 1999), German Jewish leader, was the influential chairman (and later president) of the Central Council of Jews in Germany (Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland) from 1992 to 1999. In this capacity he led a public campaign against German antisemitism. Bubis's high profile both in Frankfurt and nationwide involved him in a number of public controversies.", "Q467031": "Mary Youngblood (Aleut/Seminole) is a Native American musician, and performer of the Native American flute.", "Q52287": "Bretigny-sur-Morrens is a municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q618649": "Apirak Kosayodhin (Thai: \u0e2d\u0e20\u0e34\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c \u0e42\u0e01\u0e29\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e18\u0e34\u0e19; RTGS: Aphirak Kosayothin, born March 30, 1961) is a former Thai business executive and former governor of Bangkok. In the gubernatorial elections on August 29, 2004 he won with 40% of the votes. He was re-elected on October 6, 2008, in the gubernatorial elections with 45% of the vote, but he resigned a month later after being indicted on charges of corruption.\nAfterward the resignation Mr. Apirak became an advisor to Prime Minister of Thailand, Mr. Abhisit Vejjajiva. In December 2010, he became the 2nd Bangkok district Member of Parliament, with 69% of the vote. After the 2011 National Election, Mr. Apirak became the 8th Party-list MP of the Democrats Party of Thailand. He also became the deputy-leader of the Party and the Shadow Minister of Commerce.\nBorn in Nonthaburi in a Thai Chinese family, he studied at Triam Udom Suksa School and Chiang Mai University, where he received a bachelor's degree in Food Science and Technology in 1983. Beginning his professional career at the Thai branch of Pizza Hut, he worked at several companies as manager and director. 2002\u20132004 he was among other posts CEO of TA Orange (currently known as True Move) and member of the Board of Directors of the Stock Exchange of Thailand.\n\n", "Q320653": "Vyacheslav Yakovlevich Shishkov (Russian: \u0412\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432 \u042f\u0301\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432) (October 3 [O.S. September 21] 1873\u2014March 6, 1945) was a Soviet and Russian writer known for his descriptions of Siberia. He was awarded the Stalin Prize posthumously (1946).\nShishkov was born in Bezhetsk in the Tver Governorate of the Russian Empire into a merchant family. In 1891 he graduated from the Vyshny Volochyok Civil Engineering College (Vyshnevolotskoe uchilishche konduktorov putei soobshcheniya). After working for short periods in Novgorod and Vologda governorates, in 1894 he came to work for the Tomsk District department of waterways. He participated in geodetic expeditions and from 1903 was a supervisor of many of them, studying the Ob, Yenisei, Chulym, Charysh, Lena, Vitim, and other Siberian rivers; of particular importance for him, both as an engineer and as a writer, was his work on the Biya River and on the route of the future Chuya highway. His first publication was the story \"Cedar\" (1908) in Siberian Life (Tomsk); following this, he published a number of travel essays and short stories. He began an active literary career in 1913 and moved to Petrograd in 1915, where he became friends with Maxim Gorky. In 1916 with Gorky's assistance he published his first collection of short stories, Sibirskii skaz (\"Siberian skaz\").\nAfter the October Revolution, about which he felt apprehension, he spent some time wandering around Russia (in the Luga district, Smolensk, Kostroma, and Crimea). He visited the city of Ostashkov, where he began work on his novel Ugryum-reka (\"Ugryum River\" or \"Grim River\"), a historical novel about wealthy Siberian merchants at the turn of the century which was published in two volumes in 1933. His first novel to be published, however, was Vataga (\"The gang,\" 1923). From 1927 he lived in Detskoye Selo. For the last seven years of his life he worked on the historical epic Yemelyan Pugachev (Russian: \u0415\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d \u041f\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0451\u0432), \"a colorful panorama of the 18th-century Cossack and peasant uprising,\" whose first volume he published in 1941 while he was living in blockaded Leningrad; it was published (unfinished) in three volumes after his death and won him the Stalin Prize. He left Leningrad in April 1942 and his seventieth birthday was celebrated in Moscow in October 1943; on this occasion he was awarded the Order of Lenin. After his death in 1945 he was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery (site number 2). In 1950 a monument to him was unveiled in Bezhetsk, and in 1973 a museum dedicated to him was opened there.\nBiographies and critical works have been written by V. Bakhmetev (1947), A. Bogdanova (1953), I. Izotov (1956), V. Chalmayev (1969), N. Yeselev (1976), and N. Yanovsky (1984).\nD. S. Mirsky wrote of him, \"Vyacheslav Shishkov, a Siberian, is notable for his good Russian, a worthy pupil of Remizov and Prishvin.\"", "Q147664": "Zara Taylor (born 5 November 1983) is a Canadian actor and singer-songwriter. Born in Clearwater, British Columbia, and raised in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.\n\n", "Q386094": "Martha, Meet Frank, Daniel and Laurence (released in the United States as The Very Thought of You) is a 1998 British romantic comedy directed by Nick Hamm and starring Monica Potter and Joseph Fiennes. The screenplay by Peter Morgan focuses on the chance meeting each of three childhood friends now living in London has with an American tourist.", "Q102338": "Johann Major (2 January 1533 \u2013 6 March 1600) was a German Protestant theologian, humanist and poet.", "Q282580": "Pure is a 2002 British film directed by Gillies MacKinnon. It stars Molly Parker, Harry Eden, and Keira Knightley.", "Q519289": "Joseph Lee \"Big Joe\" Williams (October 16, 1903 \u2013 December 17, 1982) was an American Delta blues guitarist, singer and songwriter, notable for the distinctive sound of his nine-string guitar. Performing over four decades, he recorded the songs \"Baby Please Don't Go\", \"Crawlin' King Snake\" and \"Peach Orchard Mama\", among many others, for various record labels, including Bluebird, Delmark, Okeh, Prestige and Vocalion. He was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame on October 4, 1992.The blues historian Barry Lee Pearson (Sounds Good to Me: The Bluesman's Story, Virginia Piedmont Blues) described Williams's performance:\n\nWhen I saw him playing at Mike Bloomfield's \"blues night\" at the Fickle Pickle, Williams was playing an electric nine-string guitar through a small ramshackle amp with a pie plate nailed to it and a beer can dangling against that. When he played, everything rattled but Big Joe himself. The total effect of this incredible apparatus produced the most buzzing, sizzling, African-sounding music I have ever heard.", "Q76331": "Paul Gerhardt (12 March 1607 \u2013 27 May 1676) was a German theologian, Lutheran minister and hymnodist.\n\n", "Q489856": "Haley Joel Osment (born April 10, 1988) is an American actor. After a series of roles in television and film during the 1990s and 2000s, including a minor part in Forrest Gump playing the title character's son (also named Forrest Gump), Osment rose to fame for his performance as a young unwilling medium in M. Night Shyamalan's thriller film The Sixth Sense, which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He subsequently appeared in leading roles in several high-profile Hollywood films, including Steven Spielberg's A.I. Artificial Intelligence, Mimi Leder's Pay It Forward, and Secondhand Lions, alongside Michael Caine and Robert Duvall.\nHe made his Broadway debut in 2008 in a short-lived revival of David Mamet's play American Buffalo, starring John Leguizamo and Cedric the Entertainer. Osment is also known for his voice-roles of Sora and Vanitas in the Kingdom Hearts video games, as well as his later roles in comedies such as Sex Ed and The Spoils of Babylon.", "Q249197": "Frederick McCarthy Forsyth, (born 25 August 1938) is an English author, journalist, former spy, and occasional political commentator. He is best known for thrillers such as The Day of the Jackal, The Odessa File, The Fourth Protocol, The Dogs of War, The Devil's Alternative, The Fist of God, Icon, The Veteran, Avenger, The Afghan, The Cobra and The Kill List.\nForsyth's works frequently appear on best-sellers lists and more than a dozen of his titles have been adapted to film. By 2006, he had sold more than 70 million books in more than 30 languages.\n\n", "Q29635": "The Zincirlikuyu Cemetery (Turkish: Zincirlikuyu Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131) is a modern burial ground residing on the European part of Istanbul, Turkey. It is administered by the Metropolitan Municipality. Many prominent figures from the world of politics, business, sports and arts rest here.\nThe cemetery is located on the B\u00fcy\u00fckdere Avenue in Zincirlikuyu, \u015ei\u015fli district between Esentepe and Levent neighborhoods. It is Istanbul's first cemetery established in a contemporary structure. Planned in 1935, the burial place reached in the 1950s to its boundaries of today. It has an area of 0.381 km2 (94 acres), which is full, excluding family graves.\nA mosque within the cemetery, built and donated by the Turkish entrepreneur \u0130brahim Bodur, was opened to service on 2 April 2004. The mosque is specially constructed for burial prayers, and has a capacity of 500 people.The office of the \u0130stanbul Cemeteries Administration is located in the building at the entrance of the cemetery.\nOver the gate of the cemetery a verse from the Qur'an reminds \"Her canl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tadacakt\u0131r\" (Every living thing will taste death).", "Q248289": "The Accidental Tourist is a 1988 American drama film directed by Lawrence Kasdan and starring William Hurt, Kathleen Turner and Geena Davis. It was scored by John Williams. The film's screenplay was adapted by Kasdan and Frank Galati from the novel of the same name by Anne Tyler. \nIt was nominated for four Oscars at the 61st Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Original Score, and Best Supporting Actress for Davis, which she won. John Williams was nominated by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association for Best Original Score.", "Q462149": "The Castle of Fu Manchu (also known as The Torture Chamber of Dr. Fu Manchu and also known by its German title Die Folterkammer des Dr. Fu Man Chu) is a 1969 film and the fifth and final Dr. Fu Manchu film with Christopher Lee portraying the title character.", "Q61895": "Ludwig Kaas (23 May 1881 \u2013 15 April 1952) was a German Roman Catholic priest and politician of the Centre Party during the Weimar Republic. He was instrumental in brokering the Reichskonkordat between the Holy See and the German Reich.", "Q95914": "Nikolaus Hubert Freiherr von Maillot de la Treille (September 25, 1774 \u2013 August 28, 1834) was a Bavarian lieutenant general and War Minister under Maximilian I Joseph and Ludwig I of Bavaria.", "Q103740": "Ursula \"Ulla\" Jelpke (born 9 June 1951) is a German journalist and politician. Jelpke is a member of the German Bundestag where she is domestic affairs spokesperson for the party Die Linke and represents the party in the internal affairs committee and the legal affairs committee.As a trained hairdresser and book seller, Jelpke later acquired a high school diploma and studied sociology and economics. From 2002 until 2005 she headed the domestic affairs desk at the newspaper Junge Welt in Berlin. Since 2003 she has been co-editor of the magazine Ossietzky.Jelpke was a member of the Hamburg B\u00fcrgerschaft for the Green-Alternative List twice between 1981 and 1989. Starting from 1990, she has been a member of the 12th - 14th, 16th and 17th German Bundestags, respectively.", "Q849751": "York University (French: Universit\u00e9 York) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is Canada's third-largest university, and it has approximately 55,700 students, 7,000 faculty and staff, and over 315,000 alumni worldwide. It has eleven faculties, including the Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies, Faculty of Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, Schulich School of Business, Osgoode Hall Law School, Glendon College, Faculty of Education, Faculty of Health, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Faculty of Graduate Studies, the School of the Arts, Media, Performance and Design (formerly the Faculty of Fine Arts), and 28 research centres.\nYork University was established in 1959 as a non-denominational institution by the York University Act, which received Royal Assent in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario on 26 March of that year. Its first class was held in September 1960 in Falconer Hall on the University of Toronto campus with a total of 76 students. In the fall of 1961, York moved to its first campus, Glendon College, and began to emphasize liberal arts and part-time adult education. In 1965, the university opened a second campus, the Keele Campus, in North York, within the neighbourhood community of York University Heights.\nSeveral of York's programs have gained notable recognition both nationally and internationally. York houses Canada's oldest film school, which has been ranked one of the best in Canada, with an acceptance rate comparable to that of USC School of Cinematic Arts and Tisch School of the Arts. York's Osgoode Hall Law School was ranked fourth best in Canada, behind U of T, McGill, and UBC. In The Economist's 2011 full-time MBA rankings, York's Schulich School of Business ranked ninth in the world, and first in Canada, and in CNN Expansion's ranking of MBA programs, Schulich ranked 18th in the world, placing first in Canada. York's School of Kinesiology and Health Science ranked 4th in Canada and 24th best in the world in 2018.Over the last twenty years, York has become a centre for labour strife with several faculty and other strikes occurring, including the longest university strike in Canadian history in 2018.", "Q68669": "Montagny-pr\u00e8s-Yverdon is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q3169697": "Jean-Pierre Reveau (born 1932) is a French politician.", "Q885429": "Julius Peter Heil (July 24, 1876 \u2013 November 30, 1949) was an American politician and the 30th Governor of Wisconsin from 1939 to 1943.", "Q77749": "Max M\u00fcller (6 September 1906 \u2013 18 October 1994) was a German philosopher and influential post\u2013World War II Catholic intellectual. M\u00fcller was Professor at the University of Freiburg and the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.", "Q3917251": "Ann Louise Wagner (n\u00e9e Trousdale, September 13, 1962) is an American politician and diplomat serving as the U.S. Representative for Missouri's 2nd congressional district since 2013. A member of the Republican Party, she previously was the United States Ambassador to Luxembourg from 2005 to 2009.Her district, based in St. Louis County, is heavily suburban and the wealthiest district in the state. It includes most of St. Louis's southern and western suburbs as well as some of the northern exurbs in St. Charles County and the northern portion of Jefferson County. Prior to her diplomatic post, Wagner chaired the Missouri Republican Party for six years, from 1999 until 2005; she co-chaired the Republican National Committee for four years, starting in 2001.\n\n", "Q551597": "Jules Vall\u00e8s (11 June 1832 \u2013 14 February 1885) was a French journalist and author.", "Q198560": "A Few Best Men is a 2011 Australian-British comedy film written by Dean Craig and directed by Stephan Elliott. The film stars Xavier Samuel as a young groom heading to the Australian Blue Mountains with his three best men for his wedding.", "Q103998": "Siegfried Einstein (30 November 1919 \u2013 25 April 1983) was a German-Jewish poet, novelist, essayist and journalist.\n\n", "Q105331": "Nadine Sch\u00f6n (born Nadine M\u00fcller, 5 June 1983 in Lebach, Saarland) is a German politician and member of the CDU.\n\n", "Q642553": "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since 1994, they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the team has won 10 Central Division titles, six American League pennants, and two World Series championships, (in 1920 and 1948). The team's current 71-year World Series championship drought is the longest active among all 30 current Major League teams.The name \"Indians\" originated from a request by club owner Charles Somers to baseball writers to choose a new name to replace \"Cleveland Naps\" following the departure of Nap Lajoie after the 1914 season. It was a revival of the nickname that fans gave to the Cleveland Spiders while Louis Sockalexis, a Native American, was playing for the team. Common nicknames for the Indians include the \"Tribe\" and the \"Wahoos\", the latter referencing their former logo, Chief Wahoo. The team's mascot is named \"Slider.\"\nThe franchise originated in 1894 as the Grand Rapids Rustlers, a minor league team in the Western League. The team relocated to Cleveland in 1900 and was renamed the Cleveland Lake Shores. The Western League itself was renamed the American League while continuing its minor league status. One of the American League's eight charter franchises, the major league incarnation of the club was founded in Cleveland in 1901. Originally called the Cleveland Bluebirds, the team played in League Park until moving permanently to Cleveland Stadium in 1946. At the end of the 2019 season, they had a regular season franchise record of 9,477\u20139,037 (.512). From August 24 to September 14, 2017, the Indians won 22 consecutive games, the longest winning streak in American League history.\n\n", "Q324353": "Gilbert Vandine \"Cisco\" Houston (August 18, 1918 \u2013 April 29, 1961) was an American folk singer and songwriter, who is closely associated with Woody Guthrie due to their extensive history of recording together.\nHouston was a regular recording artist for Moses Asch's Folkways recording studio. He also performed with such folk/blues musicians as Lead Belly, Sonny Terry, Woody Guthrie and the Almanac Singers.", "Q58972": "Masters of the Universe (also known as Masters of the Universe: The Motion Picture) is a 1987 American science fantasy action film directed by Gary Goddard, produced by Yoram Globus and by Menahem Golan and written by David Odell. The film stars Dolph Lundgren, Frank Langella, Jon Cypher, Chelsea Field, Billy Barty, Courteney Cox, Robert Duncan McNeill, and Meg Foster. It is based on the Mattel toy line of the same name and brings the story of two teenagers who meet the mighty warrior He-Man, who arrived on Earth from planet Eternia and now goes on a mission to save the universe from the villainous Skeletor, his evil nemesis.\nMasters of the Universe was released theatrically in the United States on August 7, 1987. It was a critical and commercial failure, grossing $17 million worldwide against a budget of $22 million, but is now regarded as a classic cult film.\n\n", "Q77991": "Christian Ulmen born 22 September 1975 in Neuwied) is a German entertainer and actor.", "Q66644": "Salenstein is a municipality in Kreuzlingen District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.\nSalenstein was the home village of Napoleon III, who lived at Castle Arenenberg in his youth.", "Q314290": "Harry Dean Stanton (July 14, 1926 \u2013 September 15, 2017) was an American actor, musician, and singer.\nIn a career that spanned more than six decades, Stanton played supporting roles in the films Cool Hand Luke (1967), Kelly's Heroes (1970), Dillinger (1973), The Godfather Part II (1974), Alien (1979), Escape from New York (1981), Christine (1983), Repo Man (1984), Pretty in Pink (1986), The Last Temptation of Christ (1988), Wild at Heart (1990), The Straight Story (1999), The Green Mile (1999), Alpha Dog (2006) and Inland Empire (2006). He was given rare lead roles in Wim Wenders' classic Paris, Texas (1984) and Lucky (2017), his last film.", "Q153177": "Joy Fielding (n\u00e9e Tepperman; born March 18, 1945) is a Canadian novelist and actress. She lives in Toronto, Ontario.", "Q230454": "Kathryn Dawn Lang (born November 2, 1961), known by her stylized stage name k.d. lang, is a Canadian pop and country singer-songwriter and occasional actress.\nLang has won both Juno Awards and Grammy Awards for her musical performances; hits include \"Constant Craving\" and \"Miss Chatelaine\". She has contributed songs to movie soundtracks and has collaborated with musicians such as Roy Orbison, Tony Bennett, Elton John, Anne Murray, Ann Wilson, and Jane Siberry.Lang is also known for being an animal rights, gay rights, and Tibetan human rights activist. She is a tantric practitioner of the old school of Tibetan Buddhism. She performed Leonard Cohen's \"Hallelujah\" live at the opening ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia. Previously, she had performed at the closing ceremony of the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta. Lang possesses the vocal range of a mezzo-soprano.", "Q1445081": "Frankie Miller (born December 17, 1931, Victoria, Texas) is an American country musician.", "Q34664": "Hiroshima (\u5e83\u5cf6\u5e02, Hiroshima-shi, , also UK: , US: , Japanese: [\u00e7i\u027eo\u0255ima]) is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan. As of June 1, 2019, the city had an estimated population of 2.089 million. The gross domestic product (GDP) in Greater Hiroshima, Hiroshima Urban Employment Area, was US$61.3 billion as of 2010. Kazumi Matsui has been the city's mayor since April 2011.\nHiroshima was founded in 1589 as a castle town on the \u014cta River delta. Following the Meiji Restoration in 1868, Hiroshima rapidly transformed into a major urban center and industrial hub. In 1889, Hiroshima officially gained city status. The city was a center of military activities during the imperial era, playing significant roles such as the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, and the two world wars.\nTowards the end of World War II, Hiroshima is best remembered as the first city targeted by a nuclear weapon, when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on the city at 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945. Most of the city was destroyed, and by the end of the year 90,000\u2013166,000 had died as a result of the blast and its effects. The Hiroshima Peace Memorial (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) serves as a memorial of the bombing.\nHiroshima was rebuilt after the war. It has since become the largest city in the Ch\u016bgoku region of western Honshu, the largest island of Japan.", "Q1010539": "Red Bank is a borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, incorporated in 1908 and located on the Navesink River, the area's original transportation route to the ocean and other ports. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough had a population of 12,206, reflecting an increase of 362 (+3.1%) from the 11,844 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 1,208 (+11.4%) from the 10,636 counted in the 1990 Census.Red Bank was originally formed as a town on March 17, 1870, from portions of Shrewsbury Township. On February 14, 1879, Red Bank became Shrewsbury City, a portion of Shrewsbury Township; however, this only lasted until May 15, 1879, when Red Bank regained its independence. On March 10, 1908, Red Bank was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature and was set off from Shrewsbury Township. The borough was named for the red soil along the Navesink River.", "Q337449": "The International Academy of the History of Science (French: Acad\u00e9mie Internationale d'Histoire des Sciences) is a membership organization for historians of science.\nThe academy was founded on 17 August 1928 at the Congress of Historical Science by Aldo Mieli, Abel Rey, George Sarton, Henry E. Sigerist, Charles Singer, Karl Sudhoff, and Lynn Thorndike.", "Q563243": "Einar F\u00f8rde (20 January 1943 in H\u00f8yanger \u2013 26 September 2004) was the Norwegian Minister of Education and Church Affairs 1979\u20131981, and director-general of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) from 1989 to 2001. He was also vice-chairman of the Norwegian Labour Party 1981\u20131989.As director of the NRK F\u00f8rde became a prominent public figure, often known for fearlessly speaking his mind as a knowledgeable political analyst and public debater. After his death K\u00e5re Willoch, former prime minister from the Conservative Party, called him a ground-breaker in society, combining great force of mind with warmth and humour. F\u00f8rde was also known for appearing in TV-shows on NRK, lampooning his own character.\nIn 2004, F\u00f8rde died of cancer. He was 61.\nIn his youth, F\u00f8rde was a middle-distance runner. Representing IK Tjalve, he ran the 800 metres in 1:52.6 minutes, at Bislett stadion in September 1964. He ran the 1500 metres in 3:50.3 minutes at Leangen stadion in August 1963.", "Q286080": "Acoustic music is music that solely or primarily uses instruments that produce sound through acoustic means, as opposed to electric or electronic means. While all music was once acoustic, the retronym \"acoustic music\" appeared after the advent of electric instruments, such as the electric guitar, electric violin, electric organ and synthesizer. Acoustic string instrumentations had long been a subset of popular music, particularly in folk. It stood in contrast to various other types of music in various eras, including big band music in the pre-rock era, and electric music in the rock era.\nMusic reviewer Craig Conley suggests, \"When music is labeled acoustic, unplugged, or unwired, the assumption seems to be that other types of music are cluttered by technology and overproduction and therefore aren't as pure\".\n\n", "Q522579": "Carlos Monsiv\u00e1is Aceves (May 4, 1938 \u2013 June 19, 2010) was a Mexican writer, critic, political activist, and journalist. He also wrote political opinion columns in leading newspapers within the country's progressive sectors. His generation of writers includes Elena Poniatowska, Jos\u00e9 Emilio Pacheco, and Carlos Fuentes. Monsiv\u00e1is won more than 33 awards, including the 1986 Jorge Cuesta Prize (named after a fellow writer about whom he wrote a book), the 1989 Mazatl\u00e1n Prize, and the 1996 Xavier Villaurrutia Award. Considered a leading intellectual of his time, Monsiv\u00e1is documented contemporary Mexican themes, values, class struggles, and societal change in his essays, books and opinion pieces. He was a staunch critic of the long-ruling Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), leaned towards the left-wing, and was ubiquitous in disseminating his views on radio and television. As a founding member of \"Gatos Olvidados\", Monsiv\u00e1is wanted his and other \"forgotten cats\" to be provided for beyond his lifetime.", "Q376373": "The Hot Potato is a comedy crime thriller film from 2011. It was directed and written by Tim Lewiston and stars Ray Winstone, Colm Meaney and Jack Huston in the lead roles. This British film is a throwback to the crime caper films that were popular in the 1960s and pays homage to several of these, including The Italian Job.", "Q984045": "Edward Anseele (26 July 1856 \u2013 18 February 1938) was a Belgian socialist politician. Although his parents rather belonged to the lower middle class (his father was a shoemaker), Edward Anseele became active in the early socialist movement. Anseele attended the Royal Athenaeum in Ghent until the age of 17.", "Q702605": "This article deals with the Empire of Japan's Army War College. For other war colleges, see: War College (disambiguation).\nThe Army War College (\u9678\u8ecd\u5927\u5b66\u6821, Rikugun Daigakk\u014d); Short form: Rikudai (\u9678\u5927) of the Empire of Japan was founded in 1882 in Minato, Tokyo to modernize and Westernize the Imperial Japanese Army. Much of the empire's elite including prime ministers during the period of Japanese militarism were graduates of the college.", "Q204929": "Jos\u00e9 Manuel Mart\u00edn P\u00e9rez (born May 24, 1924) is a retired Spanish film and television actor, radio broadcaster, and screenwriter. He was a popular character actor in Spanish cinema during the 1950s and 60s, best remembered for playing villainous henchmen, appearing in more than 100 film and television productions.\nBorn in Casavieja, Spain, P\u00e9rez studied at Madrid's Teatro Espa\u00f1ol Universitario and the Lope de Rueda, and began working for Radio Nacional de Espa\u00f1a in 1942, before making his feature film debut in C\u00e9sar Fern\u00e1ndez Ardav\u00edn's 1952 war drama La llamada de \u00c1frica starring Ali Beiba Uld Abidin, Yahadid Ben Ahmed Lehbib and Farachi Ben Emboiric.\nP\u00e9rez is particularly noted for his work in the Spaghetti Western genre, alongside regulars such as Aldo Sambrell and Andrea Scotti, with supporting roles in Savage Guns (1961), Gunfighters of Casa Grande (1964), Minnesota Clay(1964), A Pistol for Ringo (1965), Seven Dollars on the Red (1966), Arizona Colt (1966), A Bullet for the General (1966), Blood River (1967), 100 Rifles (1969), and Cut-Throats Nine (1972). He also had memorable roles in EuroHorror films such as Sax Rohmer's The Castle of Fu Manchu (1969), The Sinister Eyes of Dr. Orloff (1973), Count Dracula's Great Love (1974), and Curse of the Devil (1974).\n\n", "Q446799": "Lorna Regina Bautista Legarda (born January 28, 1960) is a Filipino politician, environmentalist, cultural worker, and former journalist who is currently serving as the representative of Antique and as a Deputy House Speaker. She previously served as a senator twice: from 1998 to 2004 and from 2007 to 2019. She is notable for being the only female to top two senatorial elections: 1998 and 2007. She also unsuccessfully ran for vice president twice: In 2004 as the running mate of Fernando Poe Jr., and again in 2010 as the running mate of Manny Villar.\nLegarda was a 2001 UNEP Laureate as declared by the United Nations Environment Programme, and a 2008 Regional Champion for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaption for Asia and the Pacific as declared by the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. She was declared by the United Nations as a UN Global Champion for Resilience in 2015. She chaired the Climate Vulnerable Forum, which encompasses 20 climate vulnerable countries. She initiated a number of culture, human rights, education, and environment-related laws in the Philippines, such as the Climate Change Law and Anti-Domestic Violence Act. She has been named as honorary princess and member by numerous indigenous people communities in the Philippines due to her support for indigenous people's rights since the 1970s. She has been the key delegate of the Philippines to UNESCO multiple times. She was the 2016 recipient of the prestigious Dangal ng Haraya Patron of Arts and Culture. She was honored as a Chevalier in France and Cavaliere in Italy. She was named by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Champion in 2017. In 2018, Legarda became a Commissioner of the newly-formed international organization, Global Commission on Adaptation (GCA).", "Q327882": "Shahada is a 2010 German drama film directed by Burhan Qurbani. It was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival. The film narrates the fates of three German-born Muslims in Berlin that collide as they struggle to find middle ground between faith and modern life in contemporary Western society.", "Q274216": "Martine Brochard (born 1946) is a French actress and writer.\n\n", "Q3530515": "Frank Dudley Docker (26 August 1862 \u2013 8 July 1944) was an English businessman and financier. He also played first-class cricket for Derbyshire in 1881 and 1882.", "Q296287": "Biagio Anthony Gazzarra (August 28, 1930 \u2013 February 3, 2012), known as Ben Gazzara, was an American film, stage, and television actor and director. His best known films include Anatomy of a Murder (1959), The Bridge at Remagen (1969), Voyage of the Damned (1976), Inchon (1981), Road House (1989), The Big Lebowski (1998), Buffalo '66 (1998), Happiness (1998), The Thomas Crown Affair (1999), Summer of Sam (1999), Dogville (2003) and Paris, je t'aime (2006). He was a recurring collaborator with John Cassavetes, working with him on Husbands (1970), The Killing of a Chinese Bookie (1976) and Opening Night (1977).\nAs the star of the television series Run for Your Life (1965\u20131968), Gazzara was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards and two Emmy Awards. He won his first, and only, Emmy Award for his role in the television film Hysterical Blindness (2002).", "Q815748": "L'\u00c9quipe (pronounced [lekip], French for \"the team\") is a French nationwide daily newspaper devoted to sport, owned by \u00c9ditions Philippe Amaury. The paper is noted for coverage of association football, rugby, motorsport and cycling. Its predecessor was L'Auto, a general sports paper whose name reflected not any narrow interest but the excitement of the time in car racing.\nL'Auto originated the Tour de France cycling stage race in 1903 as a circulation booster. The race leader's yellow jersey (French: maillot jaune) was instituted in 1919, probably to reflect the distinctive yellow newsprint on which L'Auto was published. The competition that would eventually become the UEFA Champions League was also the brainchild of a l'\u00c9quipe journalist, Gabriel Hanot.", "Q34670": "Albert Camus ( also US: ; French: [alb\u025b\u0281 kamy] (listen); 7 November 1913 \u2013 4 January 1960) was a French Algerian philosopher, author, and journalist. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature at the age of 44 in 1957, the second-youngest recipient in history.\nCamus was born in Algeria to French Pieds Noirs parents. He spent his childhood in a poor neighborhood \nand later studied philosophy at the University of Algiers. He was in Paris when the Germans invaded France during World War II. Camus tried to flee but finally joined the French Resistance where he served as editor-in-chief at Combat, an outlawed newspaper. After the war, he was a celebrity figure and gave many lectures around the world. He married twice but had many extramarital affairs. Camus was politically active. He was part of the Left that opposed the Soviet Union because of its totalitarianism. Camus was a moralist and leaned towards anarcho-syndicalism. He was part of many organizations seeking European integration. During the Algerian War, he kept a neutral stance, advocating for a multicultural and pluralistic Algeria, a position that caused controversy and was rejected by most parties.\nPhilosophically, Camus's views contributed to the rise of the philosophy known as absurdism. He is also considered to be an existentialist, even though he firmly rejected the term throughout his lifetime.", "Q1095533": "Clarence White (born Clarence Joseph LeBlanc; June 7, 1944 \u2013 July 15, 1973), was an American bluegrass and country guitarist and singer. He is best known as a member of the bluegrass ensemble the Kentucky Colonels and the rock band the Byrds, as well as for being a pioneer of the musical genre of country rock during the late 1960s.White also worked extensively as a session musician, appearing on recordings by the Everly Brothers, Joe Cocker, Ricky Nelson, Pat Boone, the Monkees, Randy Newman, Gene Clark, Linda Ronstadt, Arlo Guthrie, and Jackson Browne among others. Together with frequent collaborator Gene Parsons, he invented the B-Bender, a guitar accessory that enables a player to mechanically bend the B-string up a whole tone and emulate the sound of a pedal steel guitar. White was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Association Hall of Fame in 2016.", "Q65359": "Renate M\u00fcller (26 April 1906 \u2013 7 October 1937) was a German singer and actress in both silent films and sound films, as well as on stage.\nOne of the most successful actresses in German films from the early 1930s, she was courted by the Nazi Party to appear in films that promoted their ideals, but refused. Her sudden death at the age of 31 was initially attributed to epilepsy, but after the end of World War II, witnesses suggested that she had been murdered by Gestapo officers, although another theory contends that she committed suicide. The true circumstances of her death remain unknown.", "Q90878": "Renan Demirkan (born 12 June 1955) is a Turkish\u2013German writer and actress.\n\n", "Q111350": "Ernst Rotmund (26 November 1886 \u2013 2 March 1955) was a German actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films from 1917 to 1954.", "Q431505": "Victor Monroe Armstrong (born 5 October 1946) is a British film director, stunt coordinator, second unit director, and stunt double \u2013 the world's most prolific according to the Guinness Book of Records.\n\n", "Q330332": "Mr. Bean's Holiday is a 2007 comedy film and the second film adaptation of the British television series Mr. Bean, after 1997's Bean. Directed by Steve Bendelack and written for the screen by Hamish McColl and Robin Driscoll (a writer on the TV series), from a story by Simon McBurney, it is a British-American venture produced by StudioCanal, Working Title Films and Tiger Aspect Films, and distributed by Universal Pictures. The film stars Rowan Atkinson in the title role, with Max Baldry, Emma de Caunes, Willem Dafoe and Karel Roden in supporting roles,.\nMr. Bean's Holiday was theatrically released in the United Kingdom on 30 March 2007 and in the United States on 24 August 2007, both to mixed reviews from critics but was a box office success, having grossed $229.7 million worldwide against a $25 million budget.\n\n", "Q3313183": "Daniel Joseph \"Dan\" Edelman (July 3, 1920 \u2013 January 15, 2013) was an American public relations executive who founded the world's largest public relations firm, Edelman. Edelman had a significant influence on the methodology of public relations.", "Q948329": "A character actor is a supporting actor who plays unusual, interesting, or eccentric characters. The term, often contrasted with that of leading actor, is somewhat abstract and open to interpretation. In a literal sense, all actors can be considered character actors since they all play \"characters\", but in the usual sense it is an actor who plays a distinctive and important supporting role.A character actor may play characters who are very different from the actor's off-screen real-life personality, while in another sense a character actor may be one who specializes in minor roles. In either case, character actor roles are more substantial than bit parts or non-speaking extras.\nThe term is used primarily to describe television and film actors. An early use of the term was in the 1883 edition of The Stage, which defined a character actor as \"one who portrays individualities and eccentricities\". Actors with a long career history of playing character roles may be difficult for audiences to recognize as being the same actor.", "Q195050": "Marie Rouget (Auxerre, 16 February 1883 \u2013 23 December 1967) known by the pen-name Marie No\u00ebl was a French poet, a devout Catholic laywoman and officer of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur.", "Q74254": "Heinz Starke (27 February 1911 \u2013 31 January 2001) was a German politician. He was born in Schweidnitz, Silesia. He was Minister of Finance of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1961\u201362. He was a member of the Bundestag from 1953 to 1980 representing the district of Hof from 1953 to 1957.", "Q129817": "Russell Ira Crowe (born 7 April 1964) is an actor, film producer and musician. Although a New Zealand citizen, he has lived most of his life in Australia. He came to international attention for his role as the Roman General Maximus Decimus Meridius in the historical film Gladiator (2000), directed by Ridley Scott, for which Crowe won an Academy Award, a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award, an Empire Award, and a London Film Critics Circle Award for best actor, along with ten other nominations in the same category. Crowe's other award-winning performances include portrayals of tobacco firm whistle-blower Jeffrey Wigand in the drama film The Insider (1999), and John F. Nash in the biopic A Beautiful Mind (2001).\nCrowe's other films include Romper Stomper (1992), L.A. Confidential (1997), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003), Cinderella Man (2005), 3:10 to Yuma (2007), American Gangster (2007), State of Play (2009), Robin Hood (2010), Les Mis\u00e9rables (2012), Man of Steel (2013), Noah (2014), and The Nice Guys (2016). In 2015, Crowe made his directorial debut with The Water Diviner, in which he also starred. Crowe's work has earned him several accolades during his career, including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one Golden Globe Award for Best Actor, one BAFTA and one Academy Award out of three consecutive nominations (1999, 2000, and 2001). Crowe has also been the co-owner of the National Rugby League (NRL) team South Sydney Rabbitohs since 2006.", "Q117721": "Achille Casanova (2 October 1941 \u2013 17 July 2016) was a Swiss journalist and politician. He held the office of Vice-Chancellor of Switzerland between 1981 and 2005, and during this time became the first official spokesman for the Swiss Federal Council when that role was created on 1 September 2000.", "Q437174": "Matilde Asensi Carratal\u00e1 (born 1962) is a Spanish journalist and writer, specialised mainly in historical novels.", "Q322736": "Bernard Shaw (born May 22, 1940) is a retired American journalist and former lead news anchor for CNN from 1980 until his retirement in March 2001.", "Q103754": "Arthur Pohl (1900\u20131970) was a German screenwriter and film director.", "Q1610776": "P. J. Proby (born James Marcus Smith) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor. He has also portrayed Elvis Presley and Roy Orbison in musical theater productions. The stage name P. J. Proby was suggested by a friend, Sharon Sheeley, who had a boyfriend of that name at high school.\nProby recorded the singles \"Hold Me\", \"Somewhere\", and \"Maria\". In 2008, he turned 70 and EMI released the Best of the EMI Years 1961\u20131972. He still writes and records on his own independent record label, Select Records, and performs in the UK in Sixties concerts.", "Q332525": "Shannon Leto (; born March 9, 1970) is an American musician and songwriter best known as the drummer of rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars. He co-founded the group in 1998 in Los Angeles, California, with his younger brother Jared. Their debut album, 30 Seconds to Mars (2002), was released to positive reviews but only to limited success. The band achieved worldwide fame with the release of their second album A Beautiful Lie (2005). Their following releases, This Is War (2009) and Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams (2013), received further critical and commercial success. As of September 2014, the band has sold over 15 million albums worldwide.Leto has worked on several side projects during his career, including a collaboration with Antoine Becks, a recording with the short-lived supergroup The Wondergirls, and performing on occasional dates with Street Drum Corps. His creative contribution to music has received praise from musicians and critics. He is noted for his dynamic drumming style and his energetic live performances.", "Q196559": "The University of Iceland (Icelandic: H\u00e1sk\u00f3li \u00cdslands) is a public research university in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland and the country's oldest and largest institution of higher education. Founded in 1911, it has grown steadily from a small civil servants' school to a modern comprehensive university, providing instruction for about 14,000 students in twenty-five faculties. Teaching and research is conducted in social sciences, humanities, law, medicine, natural sciences, engineering and teacher education. It has a campus concentrated around Su\u00f0urgata street in central Reykjav\u00edk, with additional facilities located in nearby areas as well as in the countryside.\n\n", "Q132589": "Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela y Trulock, 1st Marquess of Iria Flavia (Spanish: [kamilo xo\u02c8se \u02c8\u03b8ela]; 11 May 1916 \u2013 17 January 2002) was a Spanish novelist, poet, story writer and essayist associated with the Generation of '36 movement.\nHe was awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Literature \"for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability\".", "Q143370": "Steven V. Carter (October 8, 1915 \u2013 November 4, 1959) was a Democratic U.S. Representative from south central Iowa in 1959.\nBorn in Carterville, Utah, at age fourteen Carter moved with his parents to Lamoni, Iowa, and graduated from Lamoni High School. He graduated from Graceland College in Lamoni, Iowa, in 1934, the University of Iowa in 1937, and the University of Iowa College of Law in 1939.\nAdmitted to the bar in 1939, Carter commenced the practice of law in Leon, Iowa. He served as county attorney of Decatur County, Iowa from 1940 to 1944, but his tenure ended when he enlisted in the United States Navy, serving as a supply officer in the South Pacific Theatre in World War II. After the war, he then served as city attorney of Leon from 1946 to 1948.\nIn 1948, 1950, and 1956, Carter was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for the U.S. House seat held by Karl M. LeCompte. He formally challenged the outcome of the 1956 election, but in 1958 Congress rejected his challenge. When LeCompte did not seek re-election in 1958, Carter ran again for the House, and won, defeating Republican John Henry Kyl.\nCarter had suffered from cancer before his election to Congress, but believed that he had fully recovered. However, during his first month in Congress doctors determined that the cancer had returned, and he was soon hospitalized. Carter served from January 3, 1959, until his death in Bethesda, Maryland, on November 4, 1959. Kyl then won a special election to fill the vacancy.\nCarter was interred in Leon Cemetery, Leon, Iowa.", "Q47846": "Naoto Kan (\u83c5 \u76f4\u4eba, Kan Naoto, born 10 October 1946) is a Japanese politician who was Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) from June 2010 to September 2011. Kan was the first Prime Minister since the resignation of Junichiro Koizumi in 2006 to serve for more than one year, with his predecessors Yukio Hatoyama, Tar\u014d As\u014d, Yasuo Fukuda, and Shinz\u014d Abe either resigning prematurely or losing an election. On 26 August 2011, Kan announced his resignation. Yoshihiko Noda was elected as his successor. On 1 August 2012, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced Kan would be one of the members of the UN high-level panel on the post-2015 development agenda.", "Q746053": "James A. \"Jay\" Rasulo was the Senior Executive VP and CFO of The Walt Disney Company. On June 30, 2015, Christine McCarthy was announced as his successor. Prior to being appointed CFO, he was chairman of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts from October 2005 until December 2009 when he switched positions with Thomas O. Staggs. He was made the president of the theme park division in September 2002, replacing Paul Pressler.Walt Disney Parks and Resorts comprises Disneyland Resort in California, Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, Tokyo Disney Resort, Disneyland Resort Paris and Hong Kong Disneyland Resort. In addition, Rasulo oversaw Disney Cruise Line, Walt Disney Imagineering, Walt Disney Creative Entertainment and Disney Regional Entertainment, which operated the ESPN Zone sports-themed restaurants.\nIn 2006 and 2007, Rasulo is serving a two-year term as national chair for the Travel Industry Association. He also serves as chair of the U.S. Travel and Tourism Advisory Board, established in 2003 to advise the U.S. Department of Commerce, and is a director on the Department of Homeland Security's Safe Borders / Open Doors Committee.\nRasulo joined The Walt Disney Company in 1986 as a director within Corporate Strategic Planning and later rose to senior vice president, where he led development for Disney's real estate-based businesses. After two years as a senior vice president of Corporate Alliances and three years with Disney Regional Entertainment, Rasulo became executive vice president of Euro Disney S.C.A., which operates Disneyland Resort Paris. He served as president and chief operating officer before taking over as chairman and CEO of the French resort in 2000.\nA native of New York, Rasulo has a degree in economics from Columbia University and an MA in economics and an MBA from the University of Chicago. Before joining Disney, he worked for Chase Manhattan Bank and the Marriott Corporation.\nHe serves on the boards of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra, the French-American Chamber of Commerce and the Los Angeles Jobs and Economy Commission.", "Q276415": "A Cinderella Story is a 2004 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Mark Rosman, written by Leigh Dunlap and stars Hilary Duff, Chad Michael Murray, Jennifer Coolidge and Regina King. A modernization of the classic Cinderella folklore, the film's plot revolves around two Internet pen pals who plan to meet in person at their high school's Halloween dance.\nThe film was released on July 16, 2004. While it received negative reviews from critics, the film was a box office success, grossing $70 million against its $19 million budget, and inspired four straight-to-video sequels. Over the years, it has developed into a cult classic.", "Q354878": "Herbert Wayne \"Herb\" Boyer (born July 10, 1936) is a researcher and entrepreneur in biotechnology. Along with Stanley N. Cohen and Paul Berg he discovered a method to coax bacteria into producing foreign proteins, thereby jump starting the field of genetic engineering. By 1969, he performed studies on a couple of restriction enzymes of the E.coli bacterium with especially useful properties. He is recipient of the 1990 National Medal of Science, co-recipient of the 1996 Lemelson\u2013MIT Prize, and a co-founder of Genentech. He was professor at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and later served as Vice President of Genentech from 1976 until his retirement in 1991.", "Q435763": "Anna Bonaiuto (born 28 January 1950) is an Italian actress. She has appeared in 48 films and television shows since 1973. She starred in L'amore molesto, which was entered into the 1995 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q2597": "Johanna Elizabeth Braddy (born August 30, 1987) is an American actress. She played the leading role in the 2009 horror film The Grudge 3, and has appeared in Hurt (2009), Easy A (2010), Paranormal Activity 3 (2011), and The Levenger Tapes (2011). She also starred as Jenny Matrix in the hit web series Video Game High School from 2012 to 2014. In 2015, Braddy co-starred as Anna Martin in the Lifetime dark comedy-drama series Unreal. She also starred as Shelby Wyatt in the ABC thriller series Quantico.", "Q4935043": "Robert Michael \"Bobby\" Godsell (born 14 September 1952 in Johannesburg) is a retired South African businessman and the former CEO of South African gold mining company AngloGold Ashanti, a position he held from 1998 to 2007. He was the Non-Executive Chairman of Eskom from 2008 to 2009 and was appointed to the National Planning Commission of South Africa by former South African President Jacob Zuma on 30 April 2010.His departure from Eskom in 2009 was under controversial circumstances, caused by a board room struggle with the company's CEO, Jacob Maroga. Godsell decided to resign while Maoga was later sacked. Godsell found himself accused of racism but was defended by both NUM (National Union of Mineworkers) and the ANC (African National Congress).", "Q1339107": "Steve Lawrence (born Sidney Liebowitz; July 8, 1935) is an American singer and actor, best known as a member of a duo with his late wife Eydie Gorm\u00e9, billed as \"Steve and Eydie\". The two first appeared together as regulars on Tonight Starring Steve Allen in 1954 until Gorm\u00e9's retirement in 2009. She died August 10, 2013.\n\n", "Q76325": "Philip Melanchthon (born Philipp Schwartzerdt; 16 February 1497 \u2013 19 April 1560) was a German Lutheran reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and an influential designer of educational systems. He stands next to Luther and John Calvin as a reformer, theologian, and moulder of Protestantism.Melanchthon along with Luther denounced what they believed was the exaggerated cult of the saints, asserted justification by faith, and denounced what they considered to be the coercion of the conscience in the sacrament of penance (confession and absolution), which they believed could not offer certainty of salvation. Both rejected the doctrine of transubstantiation, i.e. that the bread and wine of the eucharist are converted by the Holy Spirit into the flesh and blood of Christ; however, they affirmed that Christ's body and blood are present with the elements of bread and wine in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. This Lutheran view of sacramental union contrasts with the understanding of the Roman Catholic Church that the bread and wine cease to be bread and wine at their consecration (while retaining the appearances of both). Melanchthon made his distinction between law and gospel the central formula for Lutheran evangelical insight. By the \"law\", he meant God's requirements both in Old and New Testament; the \"gospel\" meant the free gift of grace through faith in Jesus Christ.", "Q172813": "Jay Chamberlain (December 29, 1925 in Los Angeles, California \u2013 August 1, 2001) was a racing driver from the United States. He participated in 3 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on July 21, 1962. He scored no championship points. He also participated in numerous non-Championship Formula One races.\nChamberlain finished ninth overall at Le Mans in 1957, but first in class, driving a Lotus Eleven. Chamberlain of Burbank, California, was the United States distributor for Lotus cars.", "Q41589": "Beatrice Alice Hicks (January 2, 1919 \u2013 October 21, 1979) was an American engineer, the first woman engineer to be hired by Western Electric, and both co-founder and first president of the Society of Women Engineers. Despite entering the field at a time where engineering was seen as an inappropriate career for a woman, Hicks held a variety of leadership positions and eventually became the owner of an engineering firm. During her time there, Hicks developed a gas density switch that would be used in the U.S. space program, including the Apollo moon landing missions.", "Q61659": "Friedrich \"Fritz\" Ebert Jr. (12 September 1894 \u2013 4 December 1979) was a German politician and East German communist official, the son of Germany's first President Friedrich Ebert.He was originally a Social Democrat like his father before him, but is best known for his role in the origins of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in which he served in various positions.", "Q79016": "Leontine Sagan (born Leontine Schlesinger; 13 February 1889 \u2013 20 May 1974) was an Austrian-Hungarian theatre director and actress of Jewish descent. She is best known for directing M\u00e4dchen in Uniform (1931).Along with directing for both cinema and the stage, Sagan also acted in multiple films throughout her lifetime. She died in Pretoria, South Africa in 1974, at the age of 85.", "Q944275": "Sir Michael James Lighthill, (23 January 1924 \u2013 17 July 1998) was a British applied mathematician, known for his pioneering work in the field of aeroacoustics.", "Q14545073": "The Beautiful Leukanida, (Russian: \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u041b\u044e\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0434\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0412\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043c\u0438) is a 1912 Russian short film directed and written by W\u0142adys\u0142aw Starewicz.", "Q29621": "Joseph Neil Schulman (; April 16, 1953 \u2013 August 10, 2019) was an American novelist who wrote Alongside Night (published 1979) and The Rainbow Cadenza (published 1983) which both received the Prometheus Award, a libertarian science fiction award. His third novel, Escape from Heaven, was also a finalist for the 2002 Prometheus Award. His fourth and last novel, The Fractal Man, was a finalist for the 2019 Prometheus Award.", "Q60547": "Warren Bruce Rudman (May 18, 1930 \u2013 November 19, 2012) was an American attorney and Republican politician who served as United States Senator from New Hampshire between 1980 and 1993. He was known as a moderate centrist, to such an extent that President Clinton approached him in 1994 about replacing departing Treasury Secretary Lloyd Bentsen in Clinton's cabinet, an offer that Rudman declined.After two terms in office, Rudman chose not to run for re-election in 1992. At the time of his death, he was a co-chair of Albright Stonebridge Group; a retired partner in the international law firm Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison; and an advisory board member of Promontory Financial Group. He previously sat on the board of directors of Raytheon, Collins & Aikman, Allied Waste, Boston Scientific and a number of funds in the Dreyfus Family of Funds.", "Q239464": "Eve Jihan Jeffers Cooper (born November 10, 1978) is an American rapper, singer, composer and actress from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She has released four studio albums, Let There Be Eve...Ruff Ryders' First Lady (1999), Scorpion (2001), Eve-Olution (2002) and Lip Lock (2013). Eve achieved chart success with the singles, \"Let Me Blow Ya Mind\", \"Who's That Girl\", \"Gangsta Lovin'\" and \"Tambourine\". Besides solo materials, Eve earned chart-topping entries with collaborations, including \"Rich Girl\", \"4 My People\", \"Who's That Girl\" and \"Like This\". Her accolades include a Grammy Award, BET Award, MTV Video Music Award, Teen Choice Award, and Washington DC Area Film Critics Association Award. Eve ranked at number 46 on VH1's list of 50 Greatest Hip Hop Artists.\nAs an actress, Eve is known for her role as Terri Jones in the films Barbershop, Barbershop 2: Back in Business and Barbershop: The Next Cut, as well as Shelley Williams on the UPN television sitcom Eve. She also appeared in films The Woodsman (2004), The Cookout (2004) and Whip It (2009). Since 2017, Eve has been one of the hosts of the CBS Daytime talk show The Talk. She had a clothing line called Fetish from 2003 to 2009.", "Q151012": "Genesis are an English rock band formed at Charterhouse School, Godalming, Surrey, in 1967. The most commercially successful and longest-lasting line-up consisted of keyboardist Tony Banks, bassist/guitarist Mike Rutherford and drummer/singer Phil Collins. Significant former members were original lead singer Peter Gabriel, and guitarists Anthony Phillips and Steve Hackett. The band moved from folk music to progressive rock in the 1970s, before moving towards pop at the end of the decade. They have sold 21.5 million copies of their albums in the United States, with worldwide sales of between 100 million and 150 million.\nFormed by five Charterhouse pupils including Banks, Rutherford, Gabriel, and Phillips, Genesis were named by former pupil Jonathan King, who arranged for them to record several unsuccessful singles and their debut album From Genesis to Revelation in 1968. After splitting with King, the group began to tour professionally, signed with Charisma Records and recorded Trespass (1970) in the progressive rock style. Following the departure of Phillips, Genesis recruited Collins and Hackett and recorded Nursery Cryme (1971). Their live shows also began to be centred on Gabriel's theatrical costumes and performances. They were first successful in mainland Europe, before entering the UK charts with Foxtrot (1972). In 1973, they released Selling England by the Pound (1973), which featured their first UK top 30 single \"I Know What I Like (In Your Wardrobe)\". The concept album The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway followed in 1974, and was promoted with a transatlantic tour featuring an elaborate stage show. Following the Lamb tour, Gabriel left Genesis in August 1975 to begin a solo career.\nAfter an unsuccessful search for a replacement, Collins took over as lead singer, while Genesis gained popularity in the UK and the US. Following A Trick of the Tail and Wind & Wuthering (both 1976), Hackett left, reducing the band to Banks, Rutherford, and Collins. Genesis' next album ...And Then There Were Three... produced their first UK top ten and US top 30 single in 1978 with \"Follow You Follow Me\", and they continued to gain commercial success with Duke (1980), Abacab (1981), and Genesis (1983). They reached a peak of popularity with Invisible Touch (1986), which featured five US top five singles, and its title track reached number one there. After the tour for We Can't Dance (1991), Collins left Genesis in 1996 to focus on his solo career. Banks and Rutherford recruited Ray Wilson for Calling All Stations (1997), but a lack of success in the US led to a group hiatus. Banks, Rutherford and Collins reunited for the Turn It On Again Tour in 2007. Although various members of Genesis participated in interviews for the 2014 BBC documentary Genesis: Together and Apart, there was no further band activity for thirteen years, apart from various back catalogue reissues. In 2020, Collins, Banks and Rutherford announced they would reform for another tour.\nTheir discography includes fifteen studio and six live albums, six of which topped the UK chart. They have won numerous awards and nominations, including a Grammy Award for Best Concept Music Video with \"Land of Confusion\", and inspired a number of tribute bands recreating Genesis shows from various stages of the band's career. In 2010, Genesis were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.\n\n", "Q438521": "Serge Nubret (October 6, 1938 \u2013 April 19, 2011) was an iconic French professional bodybuilder, actor and self published author. He won numerous bodybuilding competitions, including 1976 NABBA Mr. Universe (1976) . Serge Nubret was nicknamed \"The Black Panther.\"", "Q203934": "The Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Greek: \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03a3\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039a\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, pronounced [pane\u02c8linio sosjalisti\u02c8ko \u02c8cinima]), known mostly by its acronym PASOK, (; \u03a0\u0391\u03a3\u039f\u039a, pronounced [pa\u02c8sok]) is a social-democratic political party in Greece. Until 2015, it was one of the two major electoral forces in the country, along with New Democracy, its main political rival.\nFollowing the collapse of the Greek military dictatorship of 1967\u20131974, PASOK was founded on September 3 1974 by Andreas Papandreou as a socialist, Venizelist, democratic socialist and left-wing nationalist party. As a result of the 1981 legislative election, PASOK formed Greece's first centre-left government. Andreas Papandreou was the leader of the party from its founding to his resignation in 1996, shortly followed by his death on 23 June. In those years, he served three terms as Prime Minister. His successor as president of the party was Costas Simitis, who served two continuous terms as Prime Minister. George Papandreou, Andreas Papandreou's son, then took leadership of the party and was elected as Prime Minister in 2009.\nFormerly one of the largest left-wing parties in Greek politics between the 1977 and 2012 elections, PASOK lost much of its popular support as a result of the Greek debt crisis. When the crisis begun, PASOK was the ruling party with George Papandreou as Prime Minister and he was responsible for negotiating the first Greek bailout package with the European troika which necessitated harsh austerity measures. After suffering a significant loss in popularity as a result of the economic crisis, Papandreou resigned in 2011 and Evangelos Venizelos took over as leader of the party. The party was part of two coalition governments from 2011 to 2015, during which further austerity measures were taken in response to the crisis. Due to said measures and the crisis, PASOK went from being the largest party in the Hellenic Parliament with 160 seats (44% of the popular vote) in the 2009 election to being the smallest party with 13 seats (5% of the popular vote) in the January 2015 election. This decline became known as Pasokification.To halt the party's decline, Fofi Gennimata was elected as the new president of the party and PASOK formed a political alliance with the Democratic Left known as the Democratic Alignment. In the September 2015 election, Democratic Alignment was the fourth most voted-for party. In 2018, PASOK merged into a new political alliance of centre-left parties, again led by Gennimata, called the Movement for Change, becoming the third largest party in the Hellenic Parliament in the 2019 election.", "Q64721": "Margrave Otto V of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (c. 1246 \u2013 1298), nicknamed Otto the Tall, was a son of Margrave Otto III and co-ruler of Brandenburg with his cousin, Margrave Otto IV.\nOtto V spent many years in Prague, at the court of his maternal uncle King Ottokar II of Bohemia. When Ottokar died in battle in 1278, Otto V became the regent for Ottokar's son and heir Wenceslaus II, who was only seven years old when his father died. As regent, Otto V had to deal with the machinations of Ottokar's widow Kunigunda of Slavonia and with factions of powerful noblemen. Bohemian chroniclers describe Otto's persistent rigour and that Wenceslaus was forced to give up his claims on Upper Lusatia before he could start reigning himself. When Wenceslaus had taken over, he and Otto V were still on good terms, and Wenceslaus took measures against the strong influence of the group around his mother.\nOtto V also persistently defended his claims on Pomerania against Polish counter-claims.", "Q640436": "Brian McGuire (13 December 1945 \u2013 29 August 1977) was a racing driver and constructor from Australia.", "Q108167": "Hans-J\u00fcrgen Krupp (born 1933) is a German politician, economist, professor and former President of the University of Frankfurt. He was a representative of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and state minister in Hamburg.\nKrupp was born in 1933 in Elbing, East Prussia. He studied at the Technical College Darmstadt from 1952\u20131957, and receive his doctorate (Dr. rer. pol.) in 1961. From 1969 to 1975 Krupp was professor for economics and social politics at the University of Frankfurt, from 1987 to 1993 also at the Technical University of Berlin. 1973\u20131975 he was vice-president, and until 1979 president of the University of Frankfurt. In 1979 Krupp became president of the German Institute for Economic Research.In 1988 Krupp became state minister of Finance, and in 1991 state minister for Economic Affairs and second mayor of Hamburg. In 2001 he is retired.\n\n", "Q931832": "Vermont Connecticut Royster (April 30, 1914 \u2013 July 22, 1996) was the editor of the editorial page of The Wall Street Journal from 1958 to 1971. He was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He won two Pulitzer Prizes for his writing, and numerous other awards. Royster was famed for providing a conservative interpretation of the news every day, especially regarding economic issues.", "Q214290": "John Kilian also German: Johann Kilian, Upper Sorbian: Jan Kilian (March 22, 1811 \u2013 September 12, 1884) was a Lutheran pastor and leader of the colony known as the Wends of Texas.\n\n", "Q3132687": "Sir Keith Arthur Murdoch (12 August 1885 \u2013 4 October 1952) was an Australian journalist, businessman and the father of Rupert Murdoch, the current CEO and Chairman of News Corp.", "Q111436": "Elmer Bernstein (April 4, 1922 \u2013 August 18, 2004) was an American composer and conductor known for his film scores. In a career that spanned more than five decades, he composed \"some of the most recognizable and memorable themes in Hollywood history\", including over 150 original movie scores, as well as scores for nearly 80 television productions. Examples of his widely popular and critically acclaimed works are scores to The Ten Commandments (1956), The Magnificent Seven (1960), To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), The Great Escape (1963), The Rookies (1972\u201376), Animal House (1978), Airplane! (1980), Heavy Metal (1981), Ghostbusters (1984), The Black Cauldron (1985), Cape Fear (1991), The Age of Innocence (1993), Wild Wild West (1999) and Far from Heaven (2002).\nBernstein won an Oscar for his score to Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967) and was nominated for 14 Oscars in total. He also won two Golden Globe Awards, an Emmy Award, and was nominated for two Grammy Awards.\n\n", "Q72143": "Katrin Himmler (born 1967) is a German author. She is the granddaughter of Ernst Himmler (1905\u20131945), who was the younger brother of Heinrich Himmler, one of the leading figures of Nazi Germany. Therefore, she is the great-niece of Heinrich Himmler. She is the author of Die Br\u00fcder Himmler: Eine deutsche Familiengeschichte, published in English as The Himmler Brothers: A German Family History.", "Q116359": "Luc Bondy (17 July 1948 \u2013 28 November 2015) was a Swiss theatre and film director.", "Q168693": "Jean-Pierre Melville (French: [m\u025blvil]; born Jean-Pierre Grumbach; 20 October 1917 \u2013 2 August 1973) was a French filmmaker and actor.\nWhile with the French Resistance during World War II, he adopted the nom de guerre Melville as a tribute to his favorite American author, Herman Melville. He kept it as his stage name once the war was over. Spiritual father of the French New Wave, he influenced the new generation of filmmakers in Asia (John Woo, Ringo Lam, Johnnie To, Takeshi Kitano), in Europe (Aki Kaurism\u00e4ki, Rainer Werner Fassbinder), and in America (Michael Mann, Walter Hill, Quentin Tarantino, William Friedkin, Jim Jarmusch).", "Q52293": "Bullet is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q101625": "Marrakesh ( or ; Arabic: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u200e Murr\u0101ku\u0161; Berber languages: \u2d30\u2d4e\u2d53\u2d54\u2d30\u2d3d\u2d53\u2d5b, romanized: Amurakuc, French: Marrakech) is the fourth largest city in the Kingdom of Morocco. It is the capital of the mid-southwestern region of Marrakesh-Safi. It is west of the foothills of the Atlas Mountains. Marrakesh is 580 km (360 mi) southwest of Tangier, 327 km (203 mi) southwest of the Moroccan capital of Rabat, 239 km (149 mi) south of Casablanca, and 246 km (153 mi) northeast of Agadir.\nThe region has been inhabited by Berber farmers since Neolithic times. The city was founded in 1062, by Abu Bakr ibn Umar, a chieftain and cousin of the Almoravid king, Yusuf ibn Tashfin, as the imperial capital of the Almoravid Empire. The city was one of Morocco's four imperial cities. In the 12th century, the Almoravids built many madrasas (Quranic schools) and mosques in Marrakesh that bear Andalusian influences. The red walls of the city, built by Ali ibn Yusuf in 1122\u20131123, and various buildings constructed in red sandstone during this period, have given the city the nickname of the \"Red City\" or \"Ochre City\". Marrakesh grew rapidly and established itself as a cultural, religious, and trading center for the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa. Jemaa el-Fnaa is the busiest square in Africa.\nAfter a period of decline, the city was surpassed by Fez, but in the early 16th century, Marrakesh again became the capital of the kingdom. The city regained its preeminence under wealthy Saadian sultans Abu Abdallah al-Qaim and Ahmad al-Mansur, who embellished the city with sumptuous palaces such as the El Badi Palace (1578) and restored many ruined monuments. Beginning in the 17th century, the city became popular among Sufi pilgrims for Morocco's seven patron saints, who are entombed here. In 1912 the French Protectorate in Morocco was established and T'hami El Glaoui became Pasha of Marrakesh and held this position nearly throughout the protectorate until the role was dissolved upon the independence of Morocco and the reestablishment of the monarchy in 1956. In 2009, Marrakesh mayor Fatima Zahra Mansouri became the second woman to be elected mayor in Morocco.\nMarrakesh comprises an old fortified city packed with vendors and their stalls. This medina quarter is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Today it is one of the busiest cities in Africa and serves as a major economic center and tourist destination. Tourism is strongly advocated by the reigning Moroccan monarch, Mohammed VI, with the goal of doubling the number of tourists visiting Morocco to 20 million by 2020. Despite the economic recession, real estate and hotel development in Marrakesh have grown dramatically in the 21st century. Marrakesh is particularly popular with the French, and numerous French celebrities own property in the city. Marrakesh has the largest traditional market (souk) in Morocco, with some 18 souks selling wares ranging from traditional Berber carpets to modern consumer electronics. Crafts employ a significant percentage of the population, who primarily sell their products to tourists.\nMarrakesh is served by M\u00e9nara International Airport and by Marrakesh railway station which connects the city to Casablanca and northern Morocco. Marrakesh has several universities and schools, including Cadi Ayyad University. A number of Moroccan football clubs are here, including Najm de Marrakech, KAC Marrakech, Mouloudia de Marrakech and Chez Ali Club de Marrakech. The Marrakesh Street Circuit hosts the World Touring Car Championship, Auto GP and FIA Formula Two Championship races.", "Q467025": "The Pontifical Gregorian University (Italian: Pontificia Universit\u00e0 Gregoriana; also known as the Gregoriana) is a higher education ecclesiastical school (pontifical university) located in Rome, Italy. It was originally a part of the Roman College founded in 1551 by Ignatius of Loyola, and included all grades of schooling. The university division of philosophy and theology of the Roman College was given Papal approval in 1556, making it the first university founded by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). In 1584 the Roman College was given a grandiose new home by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom it was renamed. It was already making its mark not only in sacred but also in natural science.\nOnly the theology and philosophy departments survived the political turmoil in Italy after 1870. Its international faculty serves around 2,750 students from over 150 countries.", "Q153162": "Michio Mado (\u307e\u3069\u30fb\u307f\u3061\u304a, Mado Michio, 16 November 1909 \u2013 28 February 2014) was a Japanese poet. He received the international Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1994 for his \"lasting contribution to children's literature\".", "Q77984": "Walter Mehring (29 April 1896 \u2013 3 October 1981) was a German author and one of the most prominent satirical authors in the Weimar Republic. He was banned during the Third Reich, and fled the country.", "Q3815321": "Kimberly Lynn \"Kim\" Stolz (born June 8, 1983) is an American fashion model, television personality, author, and financial executive. Stolz was a correspondent for MTV News, and served as video jockey and host for The Freshmen, an emerging artist show on mtvU. Stolz first came to fame as a contestant on Cycle 5 of America's Next Top Model, where she finished fifth place. She is currently a Managing Director at Bank of America in equity-derivative sales.On June 24, 2014, Stolz published her first book, Unfriending My Ex: And Other Things I'll Never Do.", "Q381088": "Crist\u00f3bal Balenciaga Eizaguirre (pronounced [k\u027eis\u02c8to\u03b2al \u03b2alen\u02c8\u03b8ja\u0263a ej\u03b8a\u02c8\u0263ire]; 21 January 1895 \u2013 23 March 1972) was a Spanish fashion designer and the founder of the Balenciaga fashion house. He had a reputation as a couturier of uncompromising standards and was referred to as \"the master of us all\" by Christian Dior and as \"the only couturier in the truest sense of the word\" by Coco Chanel, who continued, \"The others are simply fashion designers\". On the day of his death, in 1972, Women's Wear Daily ran the headline \"The king is dead\".\nSince 2011 the purpose built Museo Balenciaga has exhibited examples of his work in his birth town Getaria. Many of the 1,200 pieces in the collection were supplied by his pupil Hubert de Givenchy and clients such as Grace Kelly.", "Q454388": "Michelle Malkin (; n\u00e9e Maglalang; born October 20, 1970) is an American conservative blogger, political commentator, author and businesswoman. Her weekly syndicated column appears in a number of newspapers and websites. She was a Fox News contributor and has been a guest on MSNBC, C-SPAN, and national radio programs. Malkin has written four books published by Regnery Publishing. She founded the conservative websites Twitchy and Hot Air.Amanda Carpenter has reported that Malkin began to \"link arms with the most vocal elements of the white nationalist movement\" in 2020. Malkin faced criticism for her association with white nationalists and Neo-Nazis, including Nick Fuentes and Identity Evropa. In February 2020, she was dropped by conservative organization Young America's Foundation (YAF) due to her support of Holocaust deniers.", "Q1660290": "Ludvig Mathias Lindeman (28 November 1812 \u2013 11 March 1887) was a Norwegian composer and organist. He is most noted for compiling Norwegian folk music in his work \u00c6ldre og nyere norske Fjeldmelodier.", "Q76442": "Johann Christoph Gottsched (2 February 1700 \u2013 12 December 1766) was a German philosopher, author, and critic. For about thirty years, he exercised an almost undisputed literary dictatorship in Germany. But by his later years, his name had become a by-word for foolish pedantry.", "Q738598": "Hovhannes Kajaznuni, or Hovhannes Katchaznouni (Armenian: \u0545\u0578\u057e\u0570\u0561\u0576\u0576\u0567\u057d \u0554\u0561\u057b\u0561\u0566\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0576\u056b) (14 February 1868 \u2013 15 January 1938), was the first Prime Minister of the First Republic of Armenia from June 6, 1918 to August 7, 1919. He was a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.", "Q474058": "Tha Alkaholiks, also known as Tha Liks, is an American hip hop trio from Los Angeles, California, United States. Since the early 1990s they have produced party music with a hardcore hip hop edge, powered by the beats of DJ and producer E-Swift (born Eric Brooks in Columbus, Georgia, raised in Toledo, Ohio) and the rhymes of J-Ro (born James Robinson in Los Angeles) and Tash (born Rico Smith in Cincinnati). Though commercial crossover success largely eluded the group, they maintained a dedicated following on their native West Coast, throughout the United States and worldwide.", "Q239303": "The Art Institute of Chicago, founded in 1879 and located in Chicago's Grant Park, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the United States. Recognized for its curatorial efforts and popularity among visitors, the museum hosts approximately 1.5 million people annually. Its collection, stewarded by 11 curatorial departments, is encyclopedic, and includes iconic works such as Georges Seurat's A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, Pablo Picasso's The Old Guitarist, Edward Hopper's Nighthawks, and Grant Wood's American Gothic. Its permanent collection of nearly 300,000 works of art is augmented by more than 30 special exhibitions mounted yearly that illuminate aspects of the collection and present cutting-edge curatorial and scientific research.\nAs a research institution, the Art Institute also has a conservation and conservation science department, five conservation laboratories, and one of the largest art history and architecture libraries in the country\u2014the Ryerson and Burnham Libraries.\nThe growth of the collection has warranted several additions to the museum's original 1893 building, which was constructed for the World's Columbian Exposition of the same year. The most recent expansion, the Modern Wing designed by Renzo Piano, opened in 2009 and increased the museum's footprint to nearly one million square feet, making it the second-largest art museum in the United States, after the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Art Institute is associated with the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, a leading art school, making it one of the few remaining unified arts institutions in the United States.", "Q1137839": "Courtney Gains (born August 22, 1965) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of Malachai in the 1984 horror movie Children of the Corn.\n\n", "Q1984241": "Edward E. Bello Pou, better known by his stage name El Cata, is a Dominican singer and songwriter, who emerged in the music scene in 1999, born and raised in Barahona, Dominican Republic.", "Q1392583": "Raul Santos Seixas (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u0266a\u02c8u\u02d0 \u02c8sej\u0283\u0250s]; 28 June 1945 \u2013 21 August 1989) was a Brazilian rock composer, singer, songwriter and producer. He is sometimes called the \"Father of Brazilian Rock\" and \"Maluco Beleza\", the last one roughly translated as \"Groovy Nutcase\". He was born in Salvador (Bahia), Brazil, and died of pancreatitis in S\u00e3o Paulo. Every year on Seixas' birthday, legions of fans, including thousands of impersonators (many even changing their last name to Seixas as a sign of idolatry), throw a parade in his honor in downtown S\u00e3o Paulo.His body of work consists of 21 albums released along his 26-year career. His musical style is mostly rock and ballad, although he wrote songs in many different styles, including variations of styles typical of his native Northeast Brazil like Forr\u00f3 and Bai\u00e3o, and in fact often used more than one style in the same song, such as in \"Let Me Sing, Let Me Sing\". His debut album, Raulzito e os Panteras, was produced when he was part of a band of the same name. However, he only gained prominence and critical audience with songs from the album Krig-H\u00e1, Bandolo! (1973), such as \"Ouro de Tolo\" (\"Fool's Gold\"), \"Mosca na Sopa\" (\"Fly in the Soup\"), and \"Metamorfose Ambulante\" (\"Walking Metamorphosis\"). Raul Seixas developed a musical style that emphasized the maverick and the mystic. His album Gita (1974), influenced by figures such as Aleister Crowley, expresses his views very directly.\nMany songs in Gita were co-written with his frequent collaborator, then-fellow mystic and future worldwide bestselling author Paulo Coelho. Raul was interested in philosophy (especially metaphysics and ontology), psychology, history, literature and Latin. In October 2008, nineteen years after his death, Raul Seixas was placed in 19th position in a list of one hundred greatest artists of Brazilian music sponsored by the Brazilian edition of Rolling Stone magazine, topping the likes of Milton Nascimento, Maria Beth\u00e2nia, Heitor Villa-Lobos and others, demonstrating the influence that Seixas' music continues to hold today.\n\n", "Q112880": "Friedrich Torberg (16 September 1908, Vienna, Alsergrund \u2013 10 November 1979, Vienna) is the pen-name of Friedrich Kantor, an Austrian writer.", "Q95901": "Georg Richter (27 December 1915 \u2013 10 May 1972) was a German-born Norwegian actor.\nHe was born in Berlin to German actor Georg Alexander and Norwegian actress Aud Egede-Nissen. He made his stage debut at S\u00f8ilen Teater in 1938, and later worked for Det Norske Teatret, Det nye Teater, Riksteatret, Centralteatret, Folketeatret, Tr\u00f8ndelag Teater, Den Nationale Scene, and Oslo Nye Teater.\nHe made his film debut in 1939, in Leif Sinding's film De vergel\u00f8se based on a book by Gabriel Scott, as the principal character \"Albert\". He also played leading roles in S\u00e5 m\u00f8tes vi i morgen (1946) and Himmel og helvete (1969), and minor roles in Tante Pose, I slik en natt, Lake of the Dead and Olsenbanden.His stepfather was actor Paul Richter.", "Q502864": "Andrei Vladimirovich Kobyakov (Belarusian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u044d\u0439 \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0437\u0456\u043c\u0456\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0431\u044f\u043a\u043e\u045e, Andrei Uladzimiravich Kabyakow; Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0431\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432; born 21 November 1960) is a Belarusian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Belarus between 2014 and 2018, appointed by president Alexander Lukashenko on 27 December 2014. Before this appointment, Kobyakov served as Lukashenko's Chief of Staff from 2012 to 2014.\nHe was a Deputy Prime Minister from December 2003 to December 28, 2010.\n\n", "Q562148": "Israel L\u00f3pez Vald\u00e9s (September 14, 1918 \u2013 March 22, 2008), better known as Cachao ( k\u0259-CHOW), was a Cuban double bassist and composer. Cachao is widely known as the co-creator of the mambo and a master of the descarga (improvised jam sessions). Throughout his career he also performed and recorded in a variety of music styles ranging from classical music to salsa. An exile in the United States since the 1960s, he only achieved international fame following a career revival in the 1990s.\nBorn into a family of musicians in Havana, Cachao and his older brother Orestes were the driving force behind one of Cuba's most prolific charangas, Arca\u00f1o y sus Maravillas. As members of the Maravillas, Cachao and Orestes pioneered a new form of ballroom music derived from the danz\u00f3n, the danz\u00f3n-mambo, which subsequently developed into an international genre, mambo. In the 1950s, Cachao became famous for popularizing improvised jam sessions known as descargas. He emigrated to Spain in 1961, and moved to the United States in 1963, starting a career as a session and live musician for a variety of bands in New York during the rise of boogaloo, and later, salsa.\nIn the 1970s, Cachao fell into obscurity after moving to Las Vegas and later Miami, releasing albums sporadically as a leader. In the 1990s, he was re-discovered by actor Andy Garc\u00eda, who brought him back to the forefront of the Latin music scene with the release of a documentary and several albums. Before his death in 2008, Cachao had earned a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and several Grammy Awards. He is ranked number 24 on Bass Player magazine's list of \"The 100 Greatest Bass Players of All Time\".", "Q297198": "Edward Jack Peter Westwick (born 27 June 1987) is an English actor and musician, best known for his role as Chuck Bass on The CW's teen television drama series Gossip Girl alongside co-stars Blake Lively and Leighton Meester. He made his feature film debut in Children of Men (2006) and has since appeared in the films Breaking and Entering (2006), Son of Rambow (2007), S. Darko (2009), Chalet Girl (2011), J. Edgar (2011), Romeo and Juliet (2013), Bone in the Throat (2015), Freaks of Nature (2015), and Billionaire Ransom (2016). He currently plays Vincent Swan in the BBC Two television comedy series White Gold (2017).\n\n", "Q117720": "Gwenda Thomas (born 22 January 1942 in Neath) is a Welsh Labour politician. Thomas was first elected to the National Assembly for Wales in 1999 and re-elected in 2003, having almost doubled her majority. She is a fluent Welsh speaker. She is a member of the GMB Union.\nShe was re-elected as Welsh Labour's Assembly Member for Neath on 3 May 2007 for a third 4-year term in office, with a majority reduced from 4,946 to 1,944, and a loss of 398 votes from the 2003 Assembly election. In the 2011 Assembly election, Thomas increased her majority to 6,390.\n\n", "Q44396": "Moonwalker is a 1988 American experimental anthology musical film starring Michael Jackson. Rather than featuring one continuous narrative, the film expresses the influence of fandom and innocence through a collection of short films about Michael Jackson, several of which are long-form music videos from Jackson's Bad album. The film is named after the dance technique known as the moonwalk, which Jackson was known for performing.", "Q1536708": "Wolfgang Leitner (born 1953) is an Austrian billionaire, and the CEO of Andritz AG, an Austrian plant engineering company.Leitner has a doctorate in Chemistry from the University of Graz, Austria.Leitner is married, with two children, and lives in Graz, Austria.", "Q1047474": "Brendon Boyd Urie (born April 12, 1987) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician, best known as the lead vocalist of Panic! at the Disco, of which he is the only member remaining.", "Q242969": "Alexis Amore (born Fabiola Melgar Garc\u00eda; 29 December 1978) is a Peruvian pornographic actress and feature dancer.", "Q159329": "Fugees (; sometimes The Fugees) was an American hip hop group who rose to fame in the mid-1990s. Their repertoire included elements of hip hop, soul and Caribbean music, particularly reggae. The members of the group were rapper/singer/producer Wyclef Jean, rapper/singer/producer Lauryn Hill, and rapper/producer Pras Michel. Deriving their name from a shortening of the word \"refugees\", Jean and Michel are Haitian while Hill is American.\nBefore disbanding in 1997, the group recorded two albums, one of which, The Score (1996), was a multi-Platinum and Grammy-winning success and contains their hit single \"Killing Me Softly\". Hill and Jean each went on to successful solo recording careers; Michel focused on soundtrack recordings and acting, though he found commercial success with his song \"Ghetto Supastar\". In 2007, MTV ranked them the ninth greatest hip-hop group of all time.", "Q234627": "M\u00e9lissa Theuriau (French pronunciation: \u200b[melisa t\u0153\u0281jo]; born July 18, 1978) is a French journalist and news anchor for M6. She studied journalism and became a television news presenter. She is the former anchor and co-editor in chief of Zone interdite on French TV.", "Q2315802": "Dakota Mayi Johnson (born October 4, 1989) is an American actress and model. The daughter of actors Don Johnson and Melanie Griffith, she made her film debut at age ten with a minor appearance in Crazy in Alabama (1999), a dark comedy film starring her mother. Johnson was discouraged from pursuing acting further until she completed high school, after which she began auditioning for roles in Los Angeles.\nShe was cast in a minor part in The Social Network (2010), and subsequently had supporting roles in the comedy 21 Jump Street, the independent comedy Goats, and the romantic comedy The Five-Year Engagement (all 2012). In 2015, Johnson had her first starring role as Anastasia Steele in the Fifty Shades film series (2015\u201318). For her performance in the series, she received a BAFTA Rising Star Award nomination in 2016.\nFollowing Fifty Shades, Johnson appeared in the biographical crime film Black Mass (2015) and Luca Guadagnino's drama A Bigger Splash (2015). She reunited with Guadagnino, portraying the lead role in Suspiria (2018), a supernatural horror film based on the 1977 film by Dario Argento. That same year, she appeared in an ensemble cast in the thriller film Bad Times at the El Royale (2018). In 2019, Johnson had a starring role in the psychological horror film Wounds and the comedy-drama film The Peanut Butter Falcon.", "Q588591": "Eric Michael Stewart (born 20 January 1945) is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer, best known as a founding member of the rock groups The Mindbenders with whom he played from 1963 to 1968, and likewise of 10cc from 1972 to 1995. Stewart co-owned Strawberry Studios in Stockport, England from 1968 to the early 1980s, where he recorded albums with 10cc and artists like Neil Sedaka and Paul McCartney. Stewart collaborated with McCartney extensively in the 1980s, playing on or co-writing songs for McCartney's solo albums Tug of War (1982), Pipes of Peace (1983), Give My Regards to Broad Street (1984), and Press to Play (1986). Since 1980, Stewart has released four solo studio albums.", "Q90879": "Tayfun Bademsoy (born 14 October 1958) is a Turkish-German actor who currently has over 250 TV and cinema productions. He is known for his appearance in many crime-scene series. In his first Hollywood role, he played the role of Atlantic Records founder Ahmet Erteg\u00fcn in the movie Beyond the Sea. Bademsoy is also the voice actor who serves as the character Sayid's German voice in the American TV series Lost.", "Q379055": "Har\u00e9 Rama Har\u00e9 Krishna is a 1971 Indian film directed by Dev Anand starring himself, Mumtaz and Zeenat Aman. The film was a hit and a star-making vehicle for Zeenat Aman, who played a westernized hippie, and won the Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award, as well as the BFJA Award for Best Actress. The movie dealt with the decadence of the Hippie culture. It aimed to have an anti-drug message and also depicts some problems associated with Westernization such as divorce.\nThe story for Har\u00e9 Rama Har\u00e9 Krishna actually came to Dev Anand's mind when he saw hippies and their fallen values in Kathmandu, Nepal where he was on a visit after protests against his previous film Prem Pujari in Calcutta. He was low in spirits because his film had been opposed and some communists had burnt Prem Pujari's posters.[1]", "Q62437": "Frank Farian (born Franz Reuther; 18 July 1941, in Kirn, Germany) is a German record producer and songwriter, best known as the founder and voice behind the 1970s' disco-pop group Boney M. and the Latin pop band No Mercy. He is the mastermind behind the lip-syncing group Milli Vanilli. His tendency to create bands with a visual image distinct from the recorded musical performances has led to controversy throughout his career, especially in the case of Milli Vanilli. Farian is also the owner of the record label MCI and several subsidiaries.", "Q1690611": "Joachim von Burck, also Joachim a Burgk or Joachim Moller (Burg, 1546-M\u00fchlhausen, 24 May 1610) was a German composer, notable for an early German Passion setting.\nAs Johann Sebastian Bach's predecessor at the church of St Blasius, he pioneered the musical life in post-Reformation M\u00fchlhausen, bringing it to early fruition. Influenced by the tradition of Flemish polyphony and the Italian madrigal, he developed his own style, focusing clarity of expression. Considering himself a servant to the word of God, he discovered the German language as the foundation of his work, pragmatically addressing the congregation: \"for I have aimed to set the words to the music in a manner that almost each syllable has its own note and that the four parts sing the words simultaneously in order that the listener can hear the words clearly.\"\nBurck's compositions were widely disseminated and acclaimed for their suitability for common use.", "Q649413": "Mike Reno (born Joseph Michael Rynoski; January 8, 1955) is a Canadian musician, singer and the lead singer of the rock band Loverboy. He is reported to have taught himself how to play guitar. He fronted other bands, including Moxy, before helping form Loverboy. Reno also sang for the Canadian band Hammersmith in 1976.", "Q193346": "Henning Georg Mankell (Swedish pronunciation: [\u02c8h\u025b\u0302n\u02d0\u026a\u014b \u02c8m\u01ce\u014b\u02d0k\u025bl]; 3 February 1948 \u2013 5 October 2015) was a Swedish crime writer, children's author, and dramatist, best known for a series of mystery novels starring his most noted creation, Inspector Kurt Wallander. He also wrote a number of plays and screenplays for television.\nHe was a left-wing social critic and activist. In his books and plays he constantly highlighted social inequality issues and injustices in Sweden and abroad. In 2010, Mankell was on board one of the ships in the Gaza Freedom Flotilla that was boarded by Israeli military forces. He was below deck when eight or nine people were shot.\nMankell shared his time between Sweden and countries in Africa, mostly Mozambique where he started a theatre. He made considerable donations to charity organizations, mostly connected to Africa.", "Q234141": "Ian David McShane (born 29 September 1942) is an English actor and voice actor. He is known for his television performances, particularly the title role in the BBC series Lovejoy (1986\u20131994) and as Al Swearengen on the HBO series Deadwood (2004\u20132006) and its 2019 film continuation, the original series garnering him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series Drama and a nomination for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series. He currently portrays Mr. Wednesday in the Starz series American Gods (2017\u2013).\nHis film roles include Harry Brown in The Wild and the Willing (1962), Charlie Cartwright in If It's Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium (1969), Wolfe Lissner in Villain (1971), Teddy Bass in Sexy Beast (2000), Frank Powell in Hot Rod (2007), Tai Lung in Kung Fu Panda (2008), Blackbeard in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011) and Winston in the John Wick film series (2014\u2013).", "Q15489989": "Hale Aspacio Woodruff (August 26, 1900 - September 6, 1980) was an African-American artist known for his murals, paintings, and prints.\n\n", "Q6096": "Calvin Cordozar Broadus Jr. (born October 20, 1971), known professionally as Snoop Dogg, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, producer, media personality, entrepreneur, and actor. His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre and featured on Dre's solo debut, \"Deep Cover\", and then on Dre's solo debut album, The Chronic. He has since sold over 23 million albums in the United States and 35 million albums worldwide.Snoop's debut album, Doggystyle, produced by Dr. Dre, was released in 1993 by Death Row Records. Bolstered by excitement driven by Snoop's featuring on The Chronic, the album debuted at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts. Selling almost a million copies in the first week of its release, Doggystyle became certified quadruple platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles, including \"What's My Name?\" and \"Gin & Juice\". In 1994 Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was the Case, starring himself. His second album, Tha Doggfather (1996), also debuted at number one on both charts, with \"Snoop's Upside Ya Head\" as the lead single. The album was certified double platinum in 1997.\nAfter leaving Death Row Records, Snoop signed with No Limit Records, where he recorded his next three albums, Da Game Is to Be Sold, Not to Be Told (1998), No Limit Top Dogg (1999), and Tha Last Meal (2000). Snoop then signed with Priority/Capitol/EMI Records in 2002, where he released Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss. He then signed with Geffen Records in 2004 for his next three albums, R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta): The Masterpiece, Tha Blue Carpet Treatment, and Ego Trippin'. Malice 'n Wonderland (2009), and Doggumentary (2011) were released on Priority. Snoop Dogg has starred in motion pictures and hosted several television shows, including Doggy Fizzle Televizzle, Snoop Dogg's Father Hood, and Dogg After Dark. He also coaches a youth football league and high school football team. In September 2009 Snoop was hired by EMI as the chairman of a reactivated Priority Records.In 2012, after a trip to Jamaica, Snoop announced a conversion to Rastafarianism and a new alias, Snoop Lion. As Snoop Lion he released a reggae album, Reincarnated, and a documentary film of the same name, about his Jamaican experience, in early 2013. His 13th studio album, Bush, was released in May 2015 and marked a return of the Snoop Dogg name. His 14th solo studio album, Coolaid, was released in July 2016. Snoop has 17 Grammy nominations without a win. In March 2016, the night before WrestleMania 32 in Arlington, Texas, he was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame, having made several appearances for the company, including as Master of Ceremonies during a match at WrestleMania XXIV. In 2018, Snoop announced that he was \"a born-again Christian\" and released his first gospel album, Bible of Love. On November 19, 2018, Snoop Dogg was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He released his seventeenth solo album, I Wanna Thank Me in 2019.", "Q109278": "Ilse (Intrator) Stanley (n\u00e9e Ilse Davidsohn), ((1906-03-11)March 11, 1906 \u2013 (1970-07-21)July 21, 1970), was a German Jewish woman who, with the collusion of a handful of people ranging from Nazi members of the Gestapo to other Jewish civilians, secured the release of 412 Jewish prisoners from Nazi concentration camps between 1936 and 1938.During that time she also helped countless others leave the country while it was still possible for German Jews to do so legally. This story was sketched publicly in 1955 on Ralph Edwards's television program, This Is Your Life, and is told in vivid detail in Stanley's autobiographical book, The Unforgotten, which was published in the United States in 1957.\n\n", "Q24304": "Eden Rebecca Sher (born December 26, 1991) is an American actress, best known for her roles as Sue Heck on the ABC family sitcom series The Middle (2009\u20132018) and as Star Butterfly on the Disney XD / Disney Channel animated fantasy dramedy series Star vs. the Forces of Evil (2015\u20132019). She won the 2013 Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her performance in The Middle.", "Q310785": "Marlon Lamont Wayans (born July 23, 1972) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and film producer, beginning with his role as a pedestrian in I'm Gonna Git You Sucka in 1988. He frequently collaborates with his brother Shawn Wayans, as he was on The WB sitcom The Wayans Bros. and in the comedic films Scary Movie, Scary Movie 2, White Chicks, Little Man, and Dance Flick. However, Wayans had a dramatic role in Darren Aronofsky's critically acclaimed Requiem for a Dream, which saw his departure from the usual comedies.\nIn 2009, he appeared in G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra. In 2013, he had a leading role in A Haunted House and co-starred in The Heat. A Haunted House 2 was released on April 18, 2014. He also appeared in the Netflix film Naked. Marlon has partnered with former Funny or Die co-founder Randy Adams to create What the Funny, an online destination for urban comedy. Marlon created the comedy competition television show, Funniest Wins, which aired on TBS in June - August 2014. As of 2014, Marlon and his brothers have been traveling the U.S. with \"The Wayans Brothers Tour\". In 2016, Wayans wrote, produced and starred in Fifty Shades of Black. The film is a parody of the 2015 erotic romantic drama film Fifty Shades of Grey. In 2017, NBC gave him his own sitcom, Marlon, for a 10-episode run. In September 2017, Marlon was renewed by NBC for a second season. In December 2018, NBC cancelled the series after two seasons.\n\n", "Q110729": "Johann Michael Moscherosch (March 7, 1601 \u2013 April 4, 1669), German statesman, satirist, and educator, was born at Willst\u00e4tt, on the Upper Rhine near Strassburg.\nHis bitterly brilliant but partisan writings graphically describe life in a Germany ravaged by the Thirty Years' War (1618\u201348). His satires, which at times are tedious, also show an overwhelming moral zeal added to a sense of mission.", "Q534468": "Elena Velevska (Macedonian: \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430; born October 26, 1980) is a Macedonian turbo folk and popular music singer. Due to her dress and musical style, which resembles that of Svetlana Ra\u017enatovi\u0107, as well as her strong presence in the yellow press of the successor states of Yugoslavia, she is at times called \"the Macedonian Ceca\". In 2007, she conducted a world tour, playing in front of large diaspora audiences.\nIn 2008, it was announced that she is expecting a baby and therefore is having a break from the music. She also married in beginning of the year in Ohrid.", "Q45936": "Strabo (; Greek: \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03c9\u03bd Str\u00e1b\u014dn; 64 or 63 BC \u2013 c. AD 24) was a Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian who lived in Asia Minor during the transitional period of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.", "Q1700570": "John Joseph Delaney (August 21, 1878 \u2013 November 18, 1948) was a United States Representative from New York.", "Q18536349": "A parody (); also called a spoof, send-up, take-off, lampoon, play on (something), caricature, or joke, is a work created to imitate, make fun of, or comment on an original work\u2014its subject, author, style, or some other target\u2014by means of satiric or ironic imitation. As the literary theorist Linda Hutcheon puts it, \"parody ... is imitation, not always at the expense of the parodied text.\" Another critic, Simon Dentith, defines parody as \"any cultural practice which provides a relatively polemical allusive imitation of another cultural production or practice\".\nParody may be found in art or culture, including literature, music (although \"parody\" in music has an earlier, somewhat different meaning than for other art forms), animation, gaming, and film.\nThe writer and critic John Gross observes in his Oxford Book of Parodies, that parody seems to flourish on territory somewhere between pastiche (\"a composition in another artist's manner, without satirical intent\") and burlesque (which \"fools around with the material of high literature and adapts it to low ends\"). Meanwhile, the Encyclop\u00e9die of Denis Diderot distinguishes between the parody and the burlesque, \"A good parody is a fine amusement, capable of amusing and instructing the most sensible and polished minds; the burlesque is a miserable buffoonery which can only please the populace.\" Historically, when a formula grows tired, as in the case of the moralistic melodramas in the 1910s, it retains value only as a parody, as demonstrated by the Buster Keaton shorts that mocked that genre.", "Q118375": "Fried Green Tomatoes is a 1991 American comedy-drama film based on the 1987 novel Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe by Fannie Flagg. Directed by Jon Avnet and written by Flagg and Carol Sobieski, it stars Kathy Bates, Jessica Tandy, Mary Stuart Masterson, and Mary-Louise Parker. It tells the story of a Depression-era relationship between two women, Ruth and Idgie, and a 1980s friendship between Evelyn, a middle-aged housewife, and Ninny, an elderly woman. The centerpiece and parallel story concerns the murder of Ruth's abusive husband, Frank, and the accusations that follow.\nReleased December 27, 1991, the film received a generally positive reception from critics and grossed $119 million worldwide. It was nominated for two Oscars at the 64th Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actress (Tandy) and Best Adapted Screenplay.", "Q117046": "Jean-Daniel Gerber was born in 1946. He is married to Elisabeth Gerber-Graber, with whom he has two grown children.", "Q274565": "Tracie Monique Spencer (born July 12, 1976) is an American singer\u2013songwriter, actress, and model. Spencer is best known for her R&B and pop singles during the late\u20131980s through the 1990s such as; \"Symptoms of True Love\" (1988), \"This House\" (1990), \"Tender Kisses\" (1991) and \"It's All About You (Not About Me)\" (1999). A Waterloo native, Spencer's first claim to fame was when she participated on the CBS talent competition television show Star Search; winning the junior vocalist competition in 1987. Following her win on the show, Spencer signed a contract with Capitol Records, at the time the youngest female artist to do so; releasing three albums with the label. Since 2007, Spencer has taken a hiatus from music; however, she is still modeling and pursuing other interests.", "Q373578": "Frederick Baily Dent (August 17, 1922 \u2013 December 10, 2019) was an American businessman who served as the United States Secretary of Commerce from February 2, 1973, to March 26, 1975, during the administrations of U.S. Presidents Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford, Jr. His assistant secretary, Hastings Wyman, a native of Aiken, South Carolina, became a political consultant and in 1978 the publisher of The Southern Political Report.Dent served as the United States Trade Representative from March 26, 1975 until January 20, 1977, during the remainder of President Ford's administration.", "Q191551": "EasyJet plc, styled as easyJet, is a British low-cost airline group headquartered at London Luton Airport. It operates domestic and international scheduled services on over 1,000 routes in more than 30 countries via its affiliate airlines EasyJet UK, EasyJet Switzerland, and EasyJet Europe. EasyJet plc is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. easyGroup Holdings Ltd (the investment vehicle of the airline's founder Stelios Haji-Ioannou and his family) is the largest shareholder with a 34.62% stake (as of July 2014). It employs nearly 15,000 people, based throughout Europe but mainly in the UK.EasyJet has seen expansion since its establishment in 1995, having grown through a combination of acquisitions, and base openings fuelled by consumer demand for low-cost air travel. The group, along with associate companies EasyJet UK, EasyJet Europe and EasyJet Switzerland, operate more than 300 aircraft. It has 29 bases across Europe, the largest being Gatwick. In 2014, the airline carried more than 65 million passengers, making it the second-largest budget airline in Europe by number of passengers carried, behind Ryanair.EasyJet was featured in the television series Airline broadcast on ITV which followed the airline's operations at London Luton and later at other bases. Its pilot training scheme was the subject of another ITV television series, easyJet: Inside the Cockpit, which premiered in August 2017.On 30 March 2020, amid growing concerns over the COVID-19 outbreak, EasyJet announced that they had grounded their entire fleet of planes, with no confirmed date as to when they would restart.", "Q465633": "Susan Lynn \"Suze\" Orman ( SOO-zee; born June 5, 1951) is an American financial advisor, author, and podcast host. In 1987, she founded the Suze Orman Financial Group. Her work as a financial advisor gained notability with The Suze Orman Show, which ran on CNBC from 2002 to 2015. Orman has written ten consecutive New York Times bestsellers about personal finance. She was named twice to the Time 100 list of influential people, has won two Emmy Awards, and eight Gracie Awards. Orman has written, co-produced and hosted 9 PBS specials, and has appeared on multiple additional television shows. She has been a guest on The Oprah Winfrey Show approximately 29 times and Larry King Live over 30 times. Orman is currently the podcast host of the \"Suze Orman Women & Money Podcast.\"", "Q216486": "Continental Airlines was a major United States airline founded in 1934 and eventually headquartered in Houston, Texas. It had ownership interests and brand partnerships with several carriers.\nContinental started out as one of the smaller carriers in the United States, known for its limited operations under the regulated era. After 1978, Continental grew into one of the country's largest carriers despite facing financial troubles and other issues, eventually becoming one of the more successful airlines in the United States.\nThe airline merged with UAL Corporation (the parent company of United Airlines) via a stock swap in 2010. Continental's shares were acquired by UAL Corporation; the re-organized holding company was renamed United Continental Holdings. During the integration period, each airline ran a separate operation under the direction of a combined leadership team, based in Chicago. The integration was completed on March 3, 2012. Although the merged airline retained the United name, it uses Continental's operating certificate and livery. On June 27, 2019, United changed its parent company name from United Continental Holdings to United Airlines Holdings.", "Q60546": "Major-General Dr. Walter Robert Dornberger (6 September 1895 \u2013 27 June 1980) was a German Army artillery officer whose career spanned World War I and World War II. He was a leader of Nazi Germany's V-2 rocket program and other projects at the Peenem\u00fcnde Army Research Center.\nDornberger was born in Gie\u00dfen and enlisted in 1914. In October 1918, as an artillery lieutenant Dornberger was captured by United States Marines and spent two years in a French prisoner of war camp, mostly in solitary confinement because of repeated escape attempts. In the late 1920s, Dornberger completed an engineering course with distinction at the Berlin Technical Institute, and in the Spring of 1930, Dornberger graduated after five years with an MS degree in mechanical engineering from the Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg in Berlin. In 1935, Dornberger received an honorary doctorate, which Col. Karl Emil Becker arranged as Dean of the new Faculty of Military Technology at the TH Berlin.", "Q61658": "Ditzingen is a town in the district of Ludwigsburg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is located approximately 10 km northwest of Stuttgart, and 12 km southwest of Ludwigsburg. The Hirschlanden transmitter was located near Ditzingen-Hirschlanden. Ditzingen is the home of B\u00fcrger GmbH, Reclam and also Trumpf GmbH.", "Q76324": "Juli Zeh (Julia Barbara Finck, n\u00e9e Zeh, born 30 June 1974 in Bonn) is a German writer.\n\n", "Q334633": "Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham (24 May 1852 \u2013 20 March 1936) was a Scottish politician, writer, journalist and adventurer. He was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP); the first ever socialist member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; a founder, and the first president, of the Scottish Labour Party; a founder of the National Party of Scotland in 1928; and the first president of the Scottish National Party in 1934.", "Q188000": "Crash is a 2004 American drama film produced, directed, and co-written by Paul Haggis. The film features racial and social tensions in Los Angeles. A self-described \"passion piece\" for Haggis, Crash was inspired by a real-life incident in which his Porsche was carjacked in 1991 outside a video store on Wilshire Boulevard. The film features an ensemble cast, including Sandra Bullock, Don Cheadle, Matt Dillon, Jennifer Esposito, William Fichtner, Brendan Fraser, Terrence Howard, Chris \"Ludacris\" Bridges, Thandie Newton, Michael Pe\u00f1a, and Ryan Phillippe.\nCrash first premiered at the 2004 Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2004 before it was released in theaters on May 6, 2005 by Lionsgate Films. The film received positive reviews from critics, who praised the directing, screenplay, performances (particularly from Dillon), but earned polarized responses for its depiction and portrayal of race relations. The film was profitable at the box office, earning $98.4 million worldwide against its $6.5 million budget. \nThe film earned several accolades and nominations. Dillon was particularly praised for his performance and received Academy Award, BAFTA, Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor. Additionally, the cast won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. The film received six Academy Award nominations, and controversially won three for Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Film Editing at the 78th Academy Awards. It was also nominated for nine BAFTA awards, and won two, for Best Original Screenplay and Best Supporting Actress for Thandie Newton.", "Q39427": "Surrealism was a cultural movement which developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I and was largely influenced by Dada. The movement is best known for its visual artworks and writings and the juxtaposition of uncommon imagery. Artists painted unnerving, illogical scenes, sometimes with photographic precision, creating strange creatures from everyday objects, and developing painting techniques that allowed the unconscious to express itself. Its aim was, according to leader Andr\u00e9 Breton, to \"resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality into an absolute reality, a super-reality\", or surreality.Works of surrealism feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur; however, many surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost, with the works themselves being an artifact. Leader Breton was explicit in his assertion that Surrealism was, above all, a revolutionary movement. At time, the movement was associated with political causes such as communism and anarchism.\n\nThe term \"Surrealism\" is said to have been coined by Guillaume Apollinaire as early as 1917. However, the Surrealist movement was not officially established until October 15, 1924, when the French poet and critic Andr\u00e9 Breton published the Surrealist Manifesto in Paris. The most important center of the movement was Paris, France. From the 1920s onward, the movement spread around the globe, impacting the visual arts, literature, film, and music of many countries and languages, as well as political thought and practice, philosophy, and social theory.", "Q332256": "Anssi Kela (born 29 July 1972 in Kerava, Finland) is a Finnish singer-songwriter multi-instrumentalist who has published six albums. During his career, Kela has sold over 230,000 records in Finland. He received four Emma awards in 2002.Anssi Kela comes from a musical family. His late father was a keyboardist and songwriter in a gospel band called Pro Fide, his mother is a cantor and brother a drummer. Kela began his musical career playing various stringed instruments, including the violin, cello and contrabass. However he was more interested in rock music, and wanted to play bass instead. At the age of 13 in 1985 Kela formed a gospel band Yhdeks\u00e4s hetki with his school mates. In the band he played bass and wrote the songs. After the band gave up gospel music and changed their name to Pekka ja susi. Kela started to sing in the band as well as playing bass. In 1993 the band won the contest \"Finnish Rock champion\" and got a record deal with BMG. Their only album in 1994 was a flop. It included one minor hit \"Karhun el\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4\". In 1999 the band broke up to musical differences and Kela started to write material to his first solo album.The debut, Nummela, is one of the best-selling Finnish records \u2013 it has sold over 150,000 copies (quintuple platinum). The album is named after Kela's former hometown Nummela, in Vihti. His biggest hits from that album were \"Mikan faijan BMW\", \"Kaksi sisarta\", \"Puistossa\" and \"Nummela\". The next single \"Milla\" was in the triple platinum version of the album. It is the best selling single ever in Finland. The 2nd album Suuria kuvioita in 2003 included one of his biggest hits, \"1972\". The album sold platinum. The 3rd album Rakkaus on murhaa got a gold record in 2005. The 2009 album, Aukio, was a concept album telling a story of a miner. It debuted at number four on the Finnish album chart, but the sales were disappointing. Only the song \"Aamu\" was a hit. Kela ended the deal with Sony Music after the compilation album Singlet 2000 \u2013 2010 and signed a deal with Live Nation. His self-titled album Anssi Kela was published in March 2013. On the album he plays all the instruments himself, except one saxophone solo, and like in all of his albums he has written all the songs himself. He also produced, arranged and recorded the album. The first single \"Levoton tytt\u00f6\" was the most played song on the Finnish radio in 2013. The song resulted in his comeback.\nApart from music, Anssi Kela drove in the Finnish Formula 3 class in 2004\u20132007. He gained four victories and 13 podium positions. Also interested in literature, in 2008 Kela published his debut fiction novel, Kes\u00e4 Kalevi Sorsan Kanssa (Summer with Kalevi Sorsa). He has also published a book called Matkamuistoja (Travel memories) in 2012. It tells a humorous story about his life on the road with the band.", "Q442298": "Molly Cheek (born March 2, 1950) is an American actress. A Connecticut College graduate she worked in \u2018dinner-theater productions and summer stock\u2019 before finding television and film work.\nCheek is best known for her roles in the television sitcoms as Nancy Bancroft on It's Garry Shandling's Show (1986\u20131990), and as Nancy Henderson on Harry and the Hendersons (1991\u20131993). She also had main roles in a number of short-lived television shows, and guest starred on St. Elsewhere, Diagnosis Murder, Family Ties, Murder, She Wrote, Once and Again, and Cold Case.\nCheek played the mother of main character Jim Levenstein in the 1999 film American Pie and in its sequels. She also has appeared in films Purple People Eater (1988), April's Shower (2003), A Lot like Love (2005), Good Time Max (2007), and Drag Me to Hell (2009).", "Q1045511": "Carsten Tank Anker (17 November 1747 \u2013 13 March 1824) was a Norwegian businessman, civil servant, politician and one of the Fathers of the Constitution of Norway. He was the owner of the manor house in Akershus at which the original National Assembly (Riksforsamlingen) of Norway was held. The manor house has since then been given the name Eidsvollsbygningen.", "Q70999": "Manfred von Ardenne (20 January 1907 \u2013 26 May 1997) was a German researcher and applied physicist and inventor. He took out approximately 600 patents in fields including electron microscopy, medical technology, nuclear technology, plasma physics, and radio and television technology. From 1928 to 1945, he directed his private research laboratory Forschungslaboratorium f\u00fcr Elektronenphysik. For ten years after World War II, he worked in the Soviet Union on their atomic bomb project and was awarded a Stalin Prize. Upon his return to the then East Germany, he started another private laboratory, Forschungsinstitut Manfred von Ardenne.", "Q1127380": "The Conservatorium van Amsterdam (CvA) is a Dutch academy of music located in Amsterdam. This school is the music division of the Amsterdam University of the Arts, the city's vocational university of arts. The Conservatorium van Amsterdam is the largest music academy in the Netherlands, offering programs in classical music, jazz, pop, early music, music education, and opera.", "Q3805640": "Colonel Jackie Lynwood \"Jack\" Ridley (June 16, 1915 \u2013 March 12, 1957) was an aeronautical engineer, USAF test pilot and chief of the U.S. Air Force's Flight Test Engineering Laboratory. He helped develop and test many Cold War era military aircraft. He worked on the Bell X-1, the first aircraft to achieve supersonic flight. He was highly respected among fellow test pilots, most notably Chuck Yeager, for his engineering skills.\n\n", "Q333148": "Sir Richard Steele (bap. 12 March 1672 \u2013 1 September 1729) was an Irish writer, playwright, and politician, remembered as co-founder, with his friend Joseph Addison, of the magazine The Spectator.", "Q153610": "Alexei Andreyevich Tupolev (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0443\u0301\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432; May 20, 1925 \u2013 May 12, 2001) was a Soviet aircraft designer who led the development of the first supersonic passenger jet, the Tupolev Tu-144. He also helped design the Buran space shuttle and the long-range heavy bomber Tu-2000, both of which were suspended for lack of funding.\nTupolev was the son of the famed Soviet aircraft pioneer Andrei Tupolev. He graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute in 1949 and began working with his father at the Tupolev Design Bureau. During Soviet leader Khrushchev's visit to the U.S. in September 1959, he insisted on taking Tu-114 despite that its maiden long-distance flight only occurred in May. In order to guarantee the safety, Alexei Tupolev was sent by his father Tupolev, along as a sign of his confidence in the plane. Khrushchev later said, \"We didn't publicize the fact that Tupolev's son was with us\" for \"to do so would have meant giving explanations, and these might have been damaging to our image\". He became chief designer in 1963 and general designer in 1973.\n\n", "Q334627": "Ieuan Wyn Pritchard Roberts, Baron Roberts of Conwy, PC (10 July 1930 \u2013 13 December 2013) was a Welsh Conservative politician.\nHis father was a Minister in a chapel in Llansadwrn, Anglesey, and they lived in the schoolhouse.\nHe was Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Conwy (formerly Conway) from 1970 until his retirement in 1997. Wyn Roberts served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Wales Peter Thomas from 1970 to 1974, and was Opposition spokesman on Wales between 1974 and 1979. On the 1979 Conservative election victory, he was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Welsh Office. After the 1987 election, he was promoted to Minister of State at the Welsh Office, a post he held until 1994. He was knighted for political service in 1990.After his retirement from the House of Commons, he was elevated as a life peer on 1 October 1997 with the title of Baron Roberts of Conwy, of Talyfan in the County of Gwynedd. He served as an opposition spokesman on Wales in the House of Lords until 2007. He died on 13 December 2013, at his home in Rowen, Conwy, Wales.\n\n", "Q259385": "Whitney Eve Port (born March 4, 1985) is an American television personality, fashion designer, and author. Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, she attended Crossroads School in Santa Monica as a teenager. In 2006, Port came to prominence after being cast in the reality television series The Hills, which chronicled the personal and professional lives of Port and friends Lauren Conrad, Heidi Montag, and Audrina Patridge. During its production, she held positions with Teen Vogue and Kelly Cutrone's People's Revolution.\nAfter moving to New York City to begin employment with Diane von F\u00fcrstenberg in 2008, Port was commissioned to star in her own spin-off series The City, which originally documented the lives of Port and companions Jay Lyon, Olivia Palermo, and Adam Senn. After undergoing several casting adjustments and receiving underwhelming ratings, the series was canceled in 2010, after airing two seasons. Port launched her fashion line \"Whitney Eve\" in 2009. In 2012, she served as a judge on the eighth cycle of Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model.", "Q1274760": "Marshall Goldsmith (born March 20, 1949) is an American leadership coach and the author of several management-related books.\n\n", "Q115645": "Robert Grimm (16 April 1881, Wald \u2013 8 March 1958) was the leading Swiss Socialist politician during the first half of the 20th century.\nAs a leading member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland he opposed the First World War. Grimm was the main organiser of the Zimmerwald Movement and the chairman of the International Socialist Commission in Berne 1915 \u2013 1917. After the Grimm\u2013Hoffmann Affair he had to resign from this function.\nGrimm was the leader of the Swiss general strike in November 1918. The demands of the strike included the 48-hour working week, old-age pensions and women suffrage.\nGrimm was among the founders of the 2\u00bd International. He\nheld various parliamentary seats and executive functions from communal to federal level between 1909\u20131955. In 1946 he became President of the Swiss National Council.", "Q4355602": "Arthur William Bell III (June 17, 1945 \u2013 April 13, 2018) was an American broadcaster, author. He was the founder and the original host of the paranormal-themed radio program Coast to Coast AM, which is syndicated on hundreds of radio stations in the United States and Canada. He also created and hosted its companion show Dreamland. Coast to Coast still airs nightly.\nIn 2003, Bell semi-retired from Coast to Coast AM. During the following four years, he hosted the show for many weekends on Premiere Networks. He announced his retirement from weekend hosting on July 1, 2007, but occasionally served as a guest host through to 2010. Classic episodes of Coast to Coast AM can be heard in some radio markets on Saturday nights under the name Somewhere in Time hosted by Art Bell. He started a new nightly show, Art Bell's Dark Matter, on Sirius XM Radio, that began on September 16, 2013. It ended six weeks later, on November 4, 2013.On July 20, 2015, he returned to radio with a new show Midnight in the Desert, which was available online via TuneIn as well as some terrestrial radio stations. He announced what would be his final retirement on December 11, 2015, citing security concerns at his home. He said that he and his family were subjected to repeated intrusions on his property in Pahrump, Nevada. The intrusions included gunshots, and he was in fear for his family's safety. He chose to leave the air and along with it, public life because he believed that the intruder or intruders wanted him off the air.\nBell was the founder and original owner of Pahrump-based radio station KNYE 95.1 FM. His broadcast studio and transmitter were located near his home in Pahrump, where he also hosted Coast to Coast AM. However, from June to December 2006, he lived in the Philippines. In March 2009, he returned to the Philippines with his family after he experienced significant difficulties in obtaining a U.S. visa for his wife, Airyn.", "Q102339": "Konrad Heresbach (28 August 1496 \u2013 14 October 1576) was a Rhenish Reformer, Calvinist, humanist and educator.", "Q721963": "Tony Danza (born Antonio Salvatore Iadanza; April 21, 1951) is an American actor, television personality, tap dancer, boxer and teacher who starred on the TV series Taxi and Who's the Boss?, for which he was nominated for an Emmy Award and four Golden Globe Awards. In 1998, Danza won the People's Choice Award for Favorite Male Performer in a New Television Series for his work on the 1997 sitcom The Tony Danza Show (not to be confused with his 2004\u20132006 daytime variety talk show of the same name). He has also appeared in films such as Don Jon, Angels in the Outfield, The Hollywood Knights, Going Ape! and Crash.", "Q358931": "Garrett Erin Reisman (; born February 10, 1968) is an American engineer and former NASA astronaut. He was a backup crew member for Expedition 15 and joined Expedition 16 aboard the International Space Station for a short time before becoming a member of Expedition 17. He returned to Earth on June 14, 2008 on board STS-124 on Space Shuttle Discovery. He was a member of the STS-132 mission that traveled to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis from May 14 to 26, 2010. He is currently a consultant at SpaceX and a Professor of Astronautics Practice at the University of Southern California's Viterbi School of Engineering.\n\n", "Q552921": "Thomas Thomassen Heftye (10 April 1860 \u2013 19 September 1921) was a Norwegian military officer, engineer, sports official and politician for the Liberal Party. He is best known as the Norwegian Minister of Defence from June to October 1903 and March to April 1908, as well as the director of Telegrafverket. He was killed in the Nidareid train disaster.", "Q183141": "Peter Berg (born March 11, 1964) is an American director, producer, writer, and actor. His directorial film works include the black comedy Very Bad Things (1998), the action comedy The Rundown (2003), the sports drama Friday Night Lights (2004), the action thriller The Kingdom (2007), the superhero comedy-drama Hancock (2008), the military science fiction war film Battleship (2012), the war film Lone Survivor (2013), the disaster drama Deepwater Horizon (2016), the Boston Marathon bombing drama Patriots Day (2016) and the action thriller Mile 22 (2018), the latter four all starring Mark Wahlberg. In addition to cameo appearances in the last six of these titles, he has had prominent acting roles in films including The Great White Hype (1996), Cop Land (1997), Corky Romano (2001), Collateral (2004), Smokin' Aces (2006), and Lions for Lambs (2007).\nIn television, Berg developed Friday Night Lights (2006\u20132011), adapted from his film, earning two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. As an actor, he is best known for his role as Dr. Billy Kronk on the CBS medical drama Chicago Hope (1995\u20131999).", "Q158745": "Juhi Chawla (born 13 November 1967) is an Indian actress, model, film producer, and the winner of the 1984 Miss India beauty pageant. One of the most popular and highest-paid actresses of Indian cinema in the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s, she is the recipient of two Filmfare Awards, and has been praised for her comedic timing and vivacious on-screen persona.Chawla made her acting debut in 1986 with Sultanat, and received public recognition with the tragic romance Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988), where she became the inaugural winner of the Filmfare Award for Lux New Face of the Year. She established herself as a leading actress of Hindi cinema by starring in consecutive top grossing films, garnering appreciation for her roles as a bar dancer in the action thriller Lootere (1993), a sacrificing woman in the romance Aaina (1993), a South Indian in the romantic comedy Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke (1993), for which she won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress, and a victimized woman in the romantic thriller Darr (1993). Chawla achieved further success including, Ram Jaane (1995), Deewana Mastana (1997), Yes Boss (1997), Ishq (1997) and Arjun Pandit (1999). In the 21st century, Chawla began working with independent filmmakers in art-house projects, garnering critical acclaim for her work in Jhankaar Beats (2003), 3 Deewarein (2003), My Brother Nikhil (2005), Bas Ek Pal (2006), I Am (2011), Gulaab Gang (2014) and Chalk n Duster (2016).In addition to film acting, Chawla has featured as a talent judge for the third season of the dance reality show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa. She has participated in several stage shows and concert tours, and has engaged in philanthropic activities. Chawla is the co-owner of the Indian Premier League cricket team Kolkata Knight Riders. Since 1995 she has been married to industrialist Jay Mehta, with whom she has two children.", "Q223429": "The University of Birmingham (informally Birmingham University) is a public research university located in Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom. It received its royal charter in 1900 as a successor to Queen's College, Birmingham (founded in 1825 as the Birmingham School of Medicine and Surgery) and Mason Science College (established in 1875 by Sir Josiah Mason), making it the first English civic or 'red brick' university to receive its own royal charter. It is a founding member of both the Russell Group of British research universities and the international network of research universities, Universitas 21.\nThe university was ranked 14th in the UK and 79th in the world in the QS World University Rankings for 2019. In 2013, Birmingham was named 'University of the Year 2014' in the Times Higher Education awards. The 2017 Global Employability University Ranking places Birmingham at 142nd worldwide and 10th in the UK. Birmingham is also ranked 5th in the UK for Graduate Prospects in The Times and The Sunday Times Good University Guide 2018.The student population includes 22,940 undergraduate and 12,505 postgraduate students, which is the fourth largest in the UK (out of 169). The annual income of the institution for 2017\u201318 was \u00a3673.8 million of which \u00a3134.2 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of \u00a3663.2 million.The university is home to the Barber Institute of Fine Arts, housing works by Van Gogh, Picasso and Monet; the Shakespeare Institute; the Cadbury Research Library, home to the Mingana Collection of Middle Eastern manuscripts; the Lapworth Museum of Geology; and the 100-metre Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower, which is a prominent landmark visible from many parts of the city. Academics and alumni of the university include former British Prime Ministers Neville Chamberlain and Stanley Baldwin, the British composer Sir Edward Elgar and eleven Nobel laureates.", "Q74527": "Marlis Petersen (born 3 February 1968) is a German coloratura soprano in opera.", "Q108172": "Artur Mahraun (30 December 1890 \u2013 29 March 1950) was the founder and leader of the Young German Order (Jungdeutscher Orden or Jungdo) and an early contender for the leadership of the far right youth in Weimar Germany.\nBorn the son of a privy councillor in Kassel, Mahraun became a career soldier with the Prussian Army when he enlisted in the Prussian Infantry Regiment No. 83 in 1908. He served with distinction on the Eastern Front during First World War.Like many of his contemporaries he became involved in Freikorps activity after the Armistice, forming his own group, the Offizierkompagnie Kassel in January 1919. The group was restructured in May 1920 when the Jungdo was adopted and by 1921 Mahraun could call on 70,000 followers. A strong believer in law and order, he rejected revolutionary activity and instead called for Germany to reconcile with France and rebuild her prestige through Franco-German co-operation. At its peak Mahraun's movement, which sought a return to the Wandervogel spirit, could call on as many as 300,000 followers. After meeting Adolf Hitler during the Beer Hall Putsch he quickly became a critic of the Nazi leader.Mahraun entered the political arena in 1928 when he formed the People's National Reich Association (V\u00f6lksnationale Reichsvereiningung) as an electoral arm of his movement, merging it with the German Democratic Party to form the German State Party in 1930. However the move was not a success as the new party performed very poorly at election. Mahraun's party and Jungdo were banned in 1933 and he was for a time imprisoned by the Gestapo.He was briefly associated with a group called the Nachbarschafts-Bewegung after the war until his death in G\u00fctersloh in 1950.", "Q524109": "Fatma \u015eahin (born 20 June 1966 in Gaziantep) is a Turkish chemical engineer and politician. On 6 July 2011 she was appointed as the Minister of Family and Social Policies in the third cabinet of Erdo\u011fan.\nShe was born on 20 June 1966 in Gaziantep to Mustafa and Perihan \u015eahin. She was educated in chemical engineering at the Istanbul Technical University. Fatma \u015eahin worked as an engineer and manager in the textile industry.She entered politics together with her husband \u0130zzet \u015eahin and co-founded the Justice and Development Party. Taking active part in the provincial organization, she was elected three times deputy from her hometown. She is the first female member of the Turkish parliament elected from Gaziantep and from the Southeastern Anatolia Region. Fatma \u015eahin served as the chairperson of women's branch of her party.Following the 2011 general elections, she became the only female minister in the third cabinet of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan. She was replaced by Ay\u015fenur \u0130slam on 25 December 2013 in a cabinet reshuffle.As a result of the 2014 local elections, \u015eahin was elected mayor of Gaziantep.She has two children, a son and a daughter.", "Q863813": "The State University of New York at Binghamton (also known as Binghamton University or SUNY Binghamton), is a public research university with campuses in Binghamton, Vestal, and Johnson City, New York. It is one of the four university centers in the State University of New York (SUNY) system. As of Fall 2018, 17,768 undergraduate and graduate students attend the university. The Vestal campus is listed as a census-designated place, with a residential population of 6,177 as of the 2010 Census.Since its establishment in 1946, the school has evolved from a small liberal arts college to a large research university that ranks among the top public universities in the United States. Greene's Guides names Binghamton University as one of the \"Public Ivies,\" a publicly funded university considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League. The university is designated an R1 Doctoral University with very high research activity according to the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.Binghamton's athletic teams are the Bearcats and they compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Bearcats are members of the America East Conference.", "Q100248": "Vincent Lange (born June 15, 1974 in Berlin) actor, producer, sports manager and coach, ex volleyball player from Germany, who competed for the Men's National Team in the 2000s. He played as a receiver/spiker and libero.", "Q120198": "Gerold Edlibach (24 September 1454 \u2013 28 August 1530) was a chronicler and official of Zurich, author of the Z\u00fcrcher Chronik.\n\nHe was born to Ulrich Edlibach and Anna Landolt of Einsiedeln. His mother was from a wealthy family of ironmongers, who after her first husband's death married the mayor of Zurich, Hans Waldmann.\nGerold Edlibach married Ursula R\u00f6ist, with whom he had a total of 18 children. He was employed by the Einsiedeln Abbey to manage its property in the city of Zurich during 1473 to 1480.\nHe was elected to the city council in 1487, but he was forced to retire after the execution of his step-father in 1489. \nHe sat in the council again during 1493 to 1499 and during 1515 to 1524.\nHe acted as a reeve for the city in B\u00fclach in 1488, in Gr\u00fcningen during 1494 to 1498 and in Greifensee, Z\u00fcrich during 1505 to 1507.\nAs an opponent of the Reformation in Z\u00fcrich led by Ulrich Zwingli, he opted to retire from all offices in 1524.\nHis main work is the Z\u00fcrcher Chronik which documents the history of the Old Swiss Confederacy from 1431 to 1530.\nThe portion covering the time up to 1486 is partly based on the illustrated chronicle by Diebold Schilling the Elder. Edlibach extended the 1486 work adding his own account of contemporary events until his death in 1530, although entries become noticeably briefer after 1517. The manuscript is kept at the Zurich Central Library\nEdlibach also published a Z\u00fcrcher Wappenbuch in the 1480s, an account of the Waldmann scandal of 1489 (Waldmannscher Auflauf) and a glossary of Rotwelsch (fickabel des rotwelschtz) in 1490, besides various notes on the Reformation during 1520 to 1527.", "Q81960": "Robert Burns (25 January 1759 \u2013 21 July 1796), also known familiarly as Rabbie Burns, the National Bard, Bard of Ayrshire and the Ploughman Poet and various other names and epithets, was a Scottish poet and lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who have written in the Scots language, although much of his writing is in English and a light Scots dialect, accessible to an audience beyond Scotland. He also wrote in standard English, and in these writings his political or civil commentary is often at its bluntest.\nHe is regarded as a pioneer of the Romantic movement, and after his death he became a great source of inspiration to the founders of both liberalism and socialism, and a cultural icon in Scotland and among the Scottish diaspora around the world. Celebration of his life and work became almost a national charismatic cult during the 19th and 20th centuries, and his influence has long been strong on Scottish literature. In 2009 he was chosen as the greatest Scot by the Scottish public in a vote run by Scottish television channel STV.\nAs well as making original compositions, Burns also collected folk songs from across Scotland, often revising or adapting them. His poem (and song) \"Auld Lang Syne\" is often sung at Hogmanay (the last day of the year), and \"Scots Wha Hae\" served for a long time as an unofficial national anthem of the country. Other poems and songs of Burns that remain well known across the world today include \"A Red, Red Rose\", \"A Man's a Man for A' That\", \"To a Louse\", \"To a Mouse\", \"The Battle of Sherramuir\", \"Tam o' Shanter\" and \"Ae Fond Kiss\".\n\n", "Q232242": "Mackenzie Rosman (born December 28, 1989) is an American actress. She is known for her television role as Ruthie Camden on The WB's long-running drama series 7th Heaven.", "Q281936": "Our Friends in the North is a British television drama serial produced by the BBC. It was originally broadcast in nine episodes on BBC2 in early 1996. Written by Peter Flannery, it tells the story of four friends from the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England over a period of 31 years, from 1964 to 1995. The story makes reference to certain political and social events which occurred during the era portrayed, some specific to Newcastle and others which affected Britain as a whole. These include general elections, police and local government corruption, the UK miners' strike (1984\u20131985) and the Great Storm of 1987.\nThe serial is commonly regarded as one of the most successful BBC television dramas of the 1990s, described by The Daily Telegraph as \"a production where all ... worked to serve a writer's vision. We are not likely to look upon its like again\". It has been named by the British Film Institute as one of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century, by The Guardian newspaper as the third greatest television drama of all time and by the Radio Times magazine as one of the 40 greatest television programmes. It was awarded three British Academy Television Awards (BAFTAs), two Royal Television Society Awards, four Broadcasting Press Guild Awards and a Certificate of Merit from the San Francisco International Film Festival.Our Friends in the North helped to establish the careers of its four lead actors, Daniel Craig, Christopher Eccleston, Gina McKee and Mark Strong. Daniel Craig's part in particular has been referred to as his breakthrough role. It was also a controversial production, as its stories were partly based on real people and events. Several years passed before it was adapted from a play, performed by the Royal Shakespeare Company, to a television drama, due in part to the BBC's fear of legal action.", "Q331039": "The Far Country is a 1955 American Technicolor Western romance film directed by Anthony Mann and starring James Stewart, Ruth Roman, Walter Brennan and Corinne Calvet. Written by Borden Chase, the film is about a self-minded adventurer who locks horns with an evil, crooked judge while driving cattle to Dawson. It is one of the few Westerns, along with The Spoilers and North to Alaska, to be set (not filmed) in Alaska. This is the fourth Western film collaboration between Anthony Mann and James Stewart.", "Q202381": "Margalit Ruth Gyllenhaal (; born November 16, 1977) is an American actress and producer. Part of the Gyllenhaal family, she is the daughter of filmmakers Stephen Gyllenhaal and Naomi Achs, and the older sister of actor Jake Gyllenhaal.\nShe began her career as a teenager with small roles in several of her father's films, and appeared with her brother in the cult favorite Donnie Darko (2001). She received critical acclaim for her starring roles in the independent films Secretary (2002) and Sherrybaby (2006), earning Golden Globe nominations in the Comedy and Drama categories, respectively. In 2008, she received widespread recognition for playing Rachel Dawes in Christopher Nolan's superhero film The Dark Knight. Her other film credits include Adaptation., Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (both 2002), Mona Lisa Smile (2003), Happy Endings (2005), Paris, je t'aime, World Trade Center, Monster House, Stranger Than Fiction (all 2006), and Away We Go (2009). For her performance in Crazy Heart (2009), she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She subsequently starred in the films Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang (2010), Won't Back Down (2012), Hysteria (2011), White House Down (2013), and Frank (2014).\nIn 2014, Gyllenhaal made her Broadway debut in a revival of The Real Thing, and starred in the BBC television miniseries The Honourable Woman. For her performance in the latter, she received a Golden Globe and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy. She starred as Candy on the HBO series The Deuce (2017\u20132019), which she produced. Her other producing credits include the 2018 film The Kindergarten Teacher.", "Q7074324": "The Oakwood Memorial Park Cemetery is located at 22601 Lassen Street, Chatsworth, Los Angeles, California. It is the resting place for several movie stars such as Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers, Gloria Grahame, and Stephen Boyd.", "Q264004": "Dame Flora McKenzie Robson (28 March 1902 \u2013 7 July 1984) was an English actress and star of the theatrical stage and cinema, particularly renowned for her performances in plays demanding dramatic and emotional intensity. Her range extended from queens to murderesses.", "Q682010": "Video art is an art form which relies on using video technology as a visual and audio medium. Video art emerged during the late 1960s as new consumer video technology such as video tape recorders became available outside corporate broadcasting. Video art can take many forms: recordings that are broadcast; installations viewed in galleries or museums; works streamed online, distributed as video tapes, or DVDs; and performances which may incorporate one or more television sets, video monitors, and projections, displaying live or recorded images and sounds.Video art is named for the original analog video tape, which was the most commonly used recording technology in much of the form history into the 1990s. With the advent of digital recording equipment, many artists began to explore digital technology as a new way of expression.\nOne of the key differences between video art and theatrical cinema is that video art does not necessarily rely on many of the conventions that define theatrical cinema. Video art may not employ the use of actors, may contain no dialogue, may have no discernible narrative or plot, or adhere to any of the other conventions that generally define motion pictures as entertainment. This distinction also distinguishes video art from cinema's subcategories such as avant garde cinema, short films, or experimental film.", "Q15873": "| instruments = \n| module = EducationHampton Grammar SchoolAlma materImperial College London (BSc, PhD)Spouse(s)Children3AwardsInductee, Rock & Roll Hall of Fame (2001)CBE (2005)Scientific careerThesisA survey of radial velocities in the zodiacal dust cloud (2008)Doctoral advisorInfluences\nWebsitebrianmay.com\n}}\nBrian Harold May, (born 19 July 1947) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, producer and astrophysicist. He is the lead guitarist of the rock band Queen. His songs include \"We Will Rock You\", \"Tie Your Mother Down\", \"I Want It All\", \"Fat Bottomed Girls\", \"Flash\", \"Hammer to Fall\", \"Save Me\", \"Who Wants to Live Forever\" and \"The Show Must Go On\".\nMay was a co-founder of Queen with lead singer Freddie Mercury and drummer Roger Taylor, having previously performed with Taylor in the band Smile, which he had joined while he was at university. Within five years of their formation in 1970 and the recruitment of bass player John Deacon completing the lineup, Queen had become one of the biggest rock bands in the world with the success of the album A Night at the Opera and its single \"Bohemian Rhapsody\". From the mid-1970s until the early 1990s, Queen were an almost constant presence in the UK charts and played some of the biggest venues in the world, most notably giving an acclaimed performance at Live Aid in 1985. As a member of Queen, May became regarded as a virtuoso musician and he was identified with a distinctive sound created through his layered guitar work, often using a home-built electric guitar called the Red Special.Following the death of Mercury in 1991, aside from the 1992 tribute concert, the release of Made in Heaven (1995) and the 1997 tribute single to Mercury, \"No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young)\" (written by May), Queen were put on hiatus for several years but were eventually reconvened by May and Taylor for further performances featuring other vocalists. In 2005, a Planet Rock poll saw May voted the seventh greatest guitarist of all time. He was ranked at No. 26 on Rolling Stone's list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\". In 2012, he was ranked the second greatest guitarist in a Guitar World magazine readers poll. In 2001, May was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Queen and in 2018 the band received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.May was appointed a CBE by Queen Elizabeth II in 2005 for \"services to the music industry and for charity work\". May earned a PhD in astrophysics from Imperial College London in 2007, and was Chancellor of Liverpool John Moores University from 2008 to 2013. He was a \"science team collaborator\" with NASA's New Horizons Pluto mission. He is also a co-founder of the awareness campaign Asteroid Day. Asteroid 52665 Brianmay was named after him. May is also an animal rights activist, campaigning against the hunting of foxes and the culling of badgers in the UK.", "Q234633": "Madison Michelle Pettis (born July 22, 1998) is an American actress, voice actress and model. She is known for her roles as Sophie Martinez on the Disney Channel comedy series Cory in the House, as Peyton Kelly in the 2007 film The Game Plan, and as Allie Brooks in the 2011 Canadian comedy series Life with Boys.", "Q379041": "Killers of Kilimanjaro is a 1959 British CinemaScope adventure film directed by Richard Thorpe and starring Robert Taylor, Anthony Newley, Anne Aubrey and Donald Pleasence for Warwick Films. \nThe film was originally known as Adamson of Africa.", "Q158023": "The White Ribbon is a 2009 black-and-white German-language drama film written and directed by Michael Haneke. Das wei\u00dfe Band, Eine deutsche Kindergeschichte (literally, \"The White Ribbon, a German Children's Story\") darkly depicts society and family in a northern German village just before World War I and, according to Haneke, \"is about the roots of evil. Whether it\u2019s religious or political terrorism, it\u2019s the same thing.\"The film premiered at the 62nd Cannes Film Festival in May 2009 where it won the Palme d'Or, followed by positive reviews and several other major awards, including the 2010 Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film. The film also received two nominations at the 82nd Academy Awards in 2009: Best Foreign Language Film (representing Germany) and Best Cinematography (Christian Berger).", "Q101156": "Leonhard Deininger (11 November 1910 - 17 September 2002) was a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria.\nFrom 1958-1970 he was a deputy in the Landtag of Bavaria for the constituency of Regensburg-Land, a member of the Bavarian Senate (1972-1977) as well as County Commissioner in the district of Regensburg (1948-1978).", "Q1818068": "Leonard Louis \"Lenny\" McBrowne (born January 24, 1933) is an American jazz drummer. He was a prolific hard bop drummer with a recording career that started in the 1950s and ended in the mid 1970s. As a bandleader he fronted Lenny McBrowne and the Four Souls, which released two albums in 1960. A disciple of Max Roach, McBrowne was often compared to Chico Hamilton due to the \"suavely exotic tendencies of his solo work\". Among McBrowne's own disciples is avant-garde drummer Andrew Cyrille.", "Q1878944": "Tom \"T-Bone\" Wolk (December 24, 1951 \u2013 February 28, 2010) was an American musician and bassist for the music duo Hall & Oates and a member of the Saturday Night Live house band.", "Q119719": "Edwin Hoernle (11 December 1883 \u2013 21 July 1952) was a German politician (KPD), author, agronomist and a Marxist theoretician. He spent the National Socialist period in Moscow where, during the final years of the Second World War, he was a founding member in July 1943 of the Soviet-backed National Committee for a Free Germany (\"Nationalkomitee Freies Deutschland\" / NKFD).\n\n", "Q262475": "Sankt Jakob in Defereggen is a municipality in the district of Lienz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.", "Q72630": "David Kalisch (also known under the pseudonym: D. J. Schalk; February 23, 1820 \u2013 August 21, 1872) was a German playwright and humorist.", "Q392786": "The Uranium Conspiracy (Hebrew: Kesher Ha'Uranium, German: Agenten kennen keine Tr\u00e4nen or Restrisiko 100%, Italian: A chi tocca, tocca...!) is a 1978 Israeli-German-Italian action-thriller film directed by Gianfranco Baldanello (here credited as Frank G. Carroll) and Menahem Golan.", "Q2582": "Karl Heinrich L\u00fcbke (German: [\u02c8ha\u026an\u0281\u026a\u00e7 \u02c8l\u028fpk\u0259]; 14 October 1894 \u2013 6 April 1972) was a German politician who was the second President of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1959 to 1969. \nPrior to his presidency he served as Federal Minister for Agriculture. Besides agriculture he was interested in the state of developing countries. The moderate conservative suffered from deteriorating health towards the end of his career, and is known for a series of embarrassing incidents that may have resulted from his health issues. L\u00fcbke resigned three months before the scheduled end of his second term.", "Q77990": "Christine Br\u00fcckner (10 December 1921 Schmillinghausen, Bad Arolsen, Free State of Waldeck-Pyrmont \u2013 21 December 1996 Kassel) was a German writer.", "Q227129": "Zo\u00eb Isabella Kravitz (born December 1, 1988) is an American actress, singer, and model. The daughter of actor-musician Lenny Kravitz and actress Lisa Bonet, Kravitz achieved recognition for her portrayal of Angel Salvadore in the 2011 superhero film X-Men: First Class, which was followed by supporting roles in The Divergent Series (2014\u20132016) and Mad Max: Fury Road (2015).\nKravitz made her acting debut in the 2007 romantic comedy film No Reservations. Since then, she has starred as Leta Lestrange in the Harry Potter spin-off film Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016) and its 2018 sequel, and as Selina Kyle / Catwoman in The Lego Batman Movie (2017) and The Batman (2021). She also had starring roles in numerous independent films, including Dope (2015), Adam Green's Aladdin (2016), and Gemini (2017). In addition, Kravitz portrayed lead roles in the HBO drama series Big Little Lies (2017\u20132019) and the Hulu romantic comedy series High Fidelity (2020).\nIn addition to acting, Kravitz works as a fashion model and musician. As of 2017, she is the face of YSL Beaut\u00e9 and Tiffany & Co., and has modeled for Vera Wang, Balenciaga, Alexander Wang, Coach New York, Tumi, and Calvin Klein. She fronts the band Lolawolf and released the album Calm Down in 2014. The band has opened for Lily Allen and Miley Cyrus and played a number of music festivals. She has also collaborated with various artists, such as Drake and Janelle Mon\u00e1e.", "Q188772": "William James \"Willem\" Dafoe (born July 22, 1955) is an American actor, with Italian citizenship. He is known for his distinct gravelly voice, and has received multiple accolades, including nominations for four Academy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards. He has frequently collaborated with filmmakers Paul Schrader, Abel Ferrara, Lars von Trier, and Wes Anderson.\nDafoe was an early member of experimental theater company The Wooster Group, where he acted in several productions. He made his film debut in Heaven's Gate (1980), but was fired during production. He had his first leading role in the outlaw biker film The Loveless (1982) and then played the main antagonist in Streets of Fire (1984) and To Live and Die in L.A. (1985). He received his first Academy Award nomination for his role as Sergeant Elias Gordon in Oliver Stone's war film Platoon (1986). In 1988, Dafoe played Jesus in Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ and starred in Mississippi Burning, both of which were controversial. Following small roles in Born on the Fourth of July (1989) and Wild at Heart (1990), he began a six-film collaboration with director Paul Schrader with the drama Light Sleeper (1992). He starred in the critically panned erotic thriller Body of Evidence (1993) and then co-starred in Clear and Present Danger (1994), The English Patient (1996), Speed 2: Cruise Control (1997), and The Boondock Saints (1999).\nAfter receiving his second Academy Award nomination for portraying Max Schreck in Shadow of the Vampire (2000), Dafoe played Norman Osborn in the superhero film Spider-Man (2002) and the villains in Once Upon a Time in Mexico (2003) and XXX: State of the Union (2005) and Dafoe also played as Carson Clay in the film Mr. Bean's Holiday (2007). In 2009, he starred in the experimental film Antichrist, one of his three films with Lars von Trier. Dafoe then appeared in The Fault in Our Stars, John Wick, The Grand Budapest Hotel (all 2014), The Great Wall (2016), Murder on the Orient Express (2017), and The Florida Project (2017), receiving his third Academy Award nomination for his performance in the latter, and The Lighthouse (2019). He has also had voice-over roles in Finding Nemo (2003), its sequel Finding Dory (2016), and Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009), voice and motion capture roles in John Carter (2012) and Death Note (2017), and vocal contributions to the video games Spider-Man (2002), Finding Nemo (2003), James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing (2004), and Beyond: Two Souls (2013).\nDafoe has portrayed several real-life figures, including T.S. Eliot in Tom & Viv (1994), Pier Paolo Pasolini in Pasolini (2014), Vincent van Gogh in At Eternity's Gate (2018), for which he received an Academy Award for Best Actor nomination, his first in that category, and Leonhard Seppala in Togo (2019).", "Q2899998": "The Best of Times is a 1981 television pilot episode directed by Don Mischer that was never picked up as a series. It also features the acting debuts of Crispin Glover and Nicolas Cage.", "Q324352": "The Rosebud Beach Hotel is a 1984 film directed by Harry Hurwitz.", "Q3844": "Brazzaville (French pronunciation: \u200b[b\u0281azavil], Kongo: Balazavile; Teke: Ncuna) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo (Congo Republic). Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 1.8 million residents, comprising more than a third of the national populace, 40% of whom are employed in non-agricultural professions. During World War II, Brazzaville was also the capital of Free France between 1940 and 1942.\nIn 2013, Brazzaville was designated a City of Music by UNESCO, and has been a member of the Creative Cities Network since then.", "Q432019": "Nicole St\u00e9phane (born Baroness Nicole de Rothschild, 27 May 1923 \u2013 13 March 2007) was a French actress, producer and director.", "Q76456": "Oskar von Miller (7 May 1855 \u2013 9 April 1934) was a German engineer and founder of the Deutsches Museum, a large museum of technology and science.", "Q164902": "Martin R\u00e1zus (pseudonym: Mraz\u00e1k) (18 October 1888, Liptovsk\u00fd Mikul\u00e1\u0161, Lipt\u00f3 County, Kingdom of Hungary - 8 August 1937, Brezno) was a Slovak poet, dramatist, writer, politician and Lutheran priest", "Q551596": "Jon Foster (born August 3, 1984) is an American actor and musician. His films include the drama The Door in the Floor (2004), the horror film Stay Alive (2006), the thriller Brotherhood (2010), and the drama Rampart (2011). Foster is co-founder of the electronic-soul duo Kaneholler, with his wife, Chelsea Tyler, the daughter of musician Steven Tyler.", "Q3773495": "Gordon Hamilton Fairley DM, FRCP (20 April 1930 \u2013 23 October 1975) was a professor of medical oncology. Born and raised in Australia, he moved to the United Kingdom, where he studied and worked. He was murdered by a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) bomb intended to murder Sir Hugh Fraser.", "Q236024": "Isabel Vargas Lizano (Spanish pronunciation: [t\u0283a\u02c8\u03b2ela \u02c8\u03b2a\u027e\u0263as]; 17 April 1919 \u2013 5 August 2012), better known as Chavela Vargas, was a Costa Rica-born Mexican singer. She was especially known for her rendition of Mexican rancheras, but she is also recognized for her contribution to other genres of popular Latin American music. She was an influential interpreter in the Americas and Europe, muse to figures such as Pedro Almod\u00f3var, hailed for her haunting performances, and called \"la voz \u00e1spera de la ternura\", the rough voice of tenderness. The Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences, presented her with a Latin Grammy in 2007.", "Q709751": "Paul William Gallico (July 26, 1897 \u2013 July 15, 1976) was an American novelist, short story and sports writer. Many of his works were adapted for motion pictures. He is perhaps best remembered for The Snow Goose, his only real critical success, and for the novel The Poseidon Adventure, primarily through the 1972 film adaptation.", "Q123491": "Gerold Sp\u00e4th (* 16 October 1939 in Rapperswil) is a Swiss author, poet and writer.\n\n", "Q469753": "Patricia \"Patti\" Russo (May 20, 1964, New Jersey) is an American singer/songwriter/actress. She is perhaps best known as Meat Loaf's former female lead vocalist as she toured the world with his band Neverland Express between 1993 and 2013. Since then, she has embarked on a solo career.", "Q73506": "Roddy Doyle (born 8 May 1958) is an Irish novelist, dramatist and screenwriter. He is the author of eleven novels for adults, eight books for children, seven plays and screenplays, and dozens of short stories. Several of his books have been made into films, beginning with The Commitments in 1991. Doyle's work is set primarily in Ireland, especially working-class Dublin, and is notable for its heavy use of dialogue written in slang and Irish English dialect. Doyle was awarded the Booker Prize in 1993 for his novel Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha.", "Q272896": "Telma Louise Hopkins (born October 28, 1948) is an American singer and actress. Hopkins rose to prominence as a member of the 1970s pop music group Tony Orlando and Dawn, which had several number one songs. She also performed on the CBS variety show Tony Orlando and Dawn from 1974 until 1976 along with Tony Orlando and Joyce Vincent Wilson. In the late 1970s, Hopkins began working as an actress, playing roles on various sitcoms, including Isabelle Hammond on Bosom Buddies (1980\u201382), Adelaide \"Addy\" Wilson on Gimme a Break! (1983\u201387) and Family Matters (1989\u20131997) as Rachel Baines\u2013Crawford. \nAs lead actress, Hopkins starred on Getting By from 1993 to 1994. In recent years, Hopkins was a regular cast member on Half & Half (2002\u201306) portraying Phyllis Thorne, Are We There Yet? (2010\u201313), and short-lived Partners (2014). In film, Hopkins co-starred in 1984 science fiction film Trancers and in its sequels Trancers II (1991) and Trancers III (1992) and Trancers IV (2019), as well as appearing in The Wood (1999) and The Love Guru (2008).", "Q263743": "Holliday Clark Grainger (born 27 March 1988), also credited as Holly Grainger, is an English screen and stage actress. Some of her prominent roles are Kate Beckett in the BAFTA award-winning children's series Roger and the Rottentrolls, Lucrezia Borgia in the Showtime series The Borgias, Robin Ellacott in Strike, DI Rachel Carey in the BBC One crime drama The Capture and Estella in Mike Newell's adaptation of Great Expectations.", "Q63715": "Hermann Karl Bruno von Fran\u00e7ois (31 January 1856 \u2013 15 May 1933) was a German General der Infanterie during World War I, and is best known for his key role in several German victories on the Eastern Front in 1914.", "Q156026": "Prince Aleksander Danilovich Menshikov (Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0448\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, tr. Aleks\u00e1ndr Dan\u00edlovi\u010d M\u00e9n\u0161ikov; 16 November [O.S. 6 November] 1673 \u2013 23 November [O.S. 12 November] 1729) was a Russian statesman, whose official titles included Generalissimus, Prince of the Russian Empire and Duke of Izhora (Duke of Ingria), Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Cosel. A highly appreciated associate and friend of Tsar Peter the Great, he was the de facto ruler of Russia for two years.", "Q448945": "Rosalba Neri (born 19 June 1939 in Forl\u00ec, Italy) is a retired Italian actress.", "Q235505": "Victoria Mary Sackville-West, Lady Nicolson, CH (9 March 1892 \u2013 2 June 1962), usually known as Vita Sackville-West, was an English author and garden designer.\nShe was a successful novelist, poet, and journalist, as well as a prolific letter writer and diarist. She published more than a dozen collections of poetry during her lifetime and 13 novels. She was twice awarded the Hawthornden Prize for Imaginative Literature: in 1927 for her pastoral epic, The Land, and in 1933 for her Collected Poems. She was the inspiration for the androgynous protagonist of Orlando: A Biography, by her famous friend and lover, Virginia Woolf.\nShe had a longstanding column in The Observer (1946\u20131961) and is remembered for the celebrated garden at Sissinghurst created with her husband, Sir Harold Nicolson.", "Q110073": "William Francis Giauque (; May 12, 1895 \u2013 March 28, 1982) was an American chemist and Nobel laureate recognized in 1949 for his studies in the properties of matter at temperatures close to absolute zero. He spent virtually all of his educational and professional career at the University of California, Berkeley.\n\n", "Q223367": "The Queen is a 2006 British biographical drama film that depicts the death of Diana, Princess of Wales on 31 August 1997. Initially, the Royal Family regard Diana's death as a private affair and thus not to be treated as an official royal death. This is in contrast with the views of Tony Blair and Diana's ex-husband, Prince Charles, who favour the general public's desire for an official expression of grief. Matters are further complicated by the media, royal protocol regarding Diana's official status, and wider issues about republicanism.\nThe film was directed by Stephen Frears, written by Peter Morgan, and starred Helen Mirren in the title role of Queen Elizabeth II. The film's production and release coincided with a revival of favourable public sentiment in respect to the monarchy, a downturn in fortunes for Tony Blair, and the British inquiry into the death of Diana. Michael Sheen reprised his role as Tony Blair from The Deal in 2003, and he did so again in The Special Relationship in 2010. The Queen also garnered general critical and popular acclaim for Mirren in the title role, which earned her numerous awards, namely the Academy Award for Best Actress. Mirren was praised by the Queen herself and was invited to dinner at Buckingham Palace. However, Mirren could not attend due to filming commitments in Hollywood.", "Q151991": "The European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, commonly referred to as the European Southern Observatory (ESO), is a 16-nation intergovernmental research organisation for ground-based astronomy. Created in 1962, ESO has provided astronomers with state-of-the-art research facilities and access to the southern sky. The organisation employs about 730 staff members and receives annual member state contributions of approximately \u20ac162 million. Its observatories are located in northern Chile.\nESO has built and operated some of the largest and most technologically advanced telescopes. These include the 3.6 m New Technology Telescope, an early pioneer in the use of active optics, and the Very Large Telescope (VLT), which consists of four individual 8.2 m telescopes and four smaller auxiliary telescopes which can all work together or separately. The Atacama Large Millimeter Array observes the universe in the millimetre and submillimetre wavelength ranges, and is the world's largest ground-based astronomy project to date. It was completed in March 2013 in an international collaboration by Europe (represented by ESO), North America, East Asia and Chile.Currently under construction is the Extremely Large Telescope. It will use a 39.3-metre-diameter segmented mirror, and become the world's largest optical reflecting telescope when operational in 2024. Its light-gathering power will allow detailed studies of planets around other stars, the first objects in the universe, supermassive black holes, and the nature and distribution of the dark matter and dark energy which dominate the universe.\nESO's observing facilities have made astronomical discoveries and produced several astronomical catalogues. Its findings include the discovery of the most distant gamma-ray burst and evidence for a black hole at the centre of the Milky Way. In 2004, the VLT allowed astronomers to obtain the first picture of an extrasolar planet (2M1207b) orbiting a brown dwarf 173 light-years away. The High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) instrument installed on the older ESO 3.6 m telescope led to the discovery of extrasolar planets, including Gliese 581c\u2014one of the smallest planets seen outside the solar system.", "Q109522": "Jennifer Michelle \"Ginnifer\" Goodwin (born May 22, 1978) is an American actress. She is known for her starring role as Margene Heffman in the HBO drama series Big Love (2006\u20132011) and Snow White / Mary Margaret Blanchard in the ABC fantasy series Once Upon a Time (2011\u20132018).\nGoodwin has appeared in various films, including the drama Mona Lisa Smile (2003), the musical biopic Walk the Line (2005), the romantic comedy He's Just Not That into You (2009), the family comedy Ramona and Beezus (2010), the romantic comedy Something Borrowed (2011), and the biopic Killing Kennedy (2013). She also voiced the lead role of Fawn in the Disney animated fantasy film Tinker Bell and the Legend of the Neverbeast (2014) and Judy Hopps in the Disney animated fantasy comedy film Zootopia (2016).", "Q75177": "\u0130dil \u00dcner (born 1 August 1971 in West Berlin, West Germany) is a German-Turkish actress.\n\u00dcner studied at the Berlin University of the Arts. She received piano lessons for 17 years\u2014starting from the age of 6\u2014and formal opera training for two years. She joined the youth chapters of the Turkish-speaking theater Tiyatrom in Berlin of which her father was a founding member. She made her television debut in the series Tatort (Crime Scene) (1993) and her cinema debut with Rudolf Thome's The Secret. \u00dcner achieved recognition in the works of Fatih Ak\u0131n and Thomas Arslan, particularly Dealer and Im Juli. She wrote the lyrics to \"G\u00fcne\u015fim\", the main song of Im Juli. She also wrote and directed a short film in 2001 named Die Liebenden vom Hotel von Osman in which she shares the leading roles with Fatih Ak\u0131n. In 2004, in the segment directed by Fatih Akin of the film Visions of Europe, \u00dcner sang the title lied by Schumann, \"Die alten, b\u00f6sen Lieder\".", "Q5223481": "Dark Watch is a novel by Clive Cussler and Jack Du Brul. It was published in 2005 and is the third installment in The Oregon Files series.\nIt takes place with the Corporation, with its leader Juan Cabrillo and his band of mercenaries aboard their high tech cargo ship the Oregon. The story evolves that a group of Russian scientists are sent in search of ore and they find it. However greed overcomes them, and one of them kills the others to disguise the find. The story also follows something similar to modern-day piracy, slavery and human smuggling and how these seemingly different events are related to the Russians and Chinese with the ore mining.", "Q119731": "Fran\u00e7ois Briatte (27 September 1805 \u2013 30 January 1877) was a Swiss politician, member of the Conseil d'Etat of the Canton of Vaud (1845\u20131861), member and several times President of the Swiss Council of States.", "Q290813": "Meryl Danielle Cassie (born 2 April 1984) is a New Zealand actress and singer. She has three children, a son, Rylon born in 2006 and two daughters Breeze (Born 18 October 2013) and Diaz (born 2015). She is most famous for her role as Ebony in the sci-fi series The Tribe, but has also appeared in other series, such as Revelations - The Initial Journey, Shortland Street and Hercules.She is also a talented singer, and sung the theme song of The Tribe from season 2 to 5, including being the lead singer on Abe Messiah, an album inspired from The Tribe. Along with her sisters Megan Alatini and Monique Cassie, she formed a band called the Nubian Angels in her early teens. The band relaunched in 2007, and have made various performances for charity in co-operation with Variety, the Children's Charity, including joining them on the 2008 Variety Bash tour, and at other charity and social events.\nCassie moved from New Zealand to Bondi Beach, Australia in 2008. She auditioned for Australian Idol but was not selected.", "Q161852": "Zygmunt H\u00fcbner (23 March 1930 \u2013 12 January 1989) was a Polish actor, stage director, and director of the National Old Theatre in Krakow (1963-69). He appeared in more than 20 films between 1958 and 1988.\n\n", "Q464277": "James Joseph Croce (; January 10, 1943 \u2013 September 20, 1973) was an American folk and rock singer-songwriter. Between 1966 and 1973, Croce released five studio albums and numerous singles.\nHis first two albums were commercially unsuccessful, failing to chart or produce any hit singles. During this period, Croce took a series of odd jobs to pay bills while he continued to write, record, and perform concerts. After forming a partnership with songwriter and guitarist Maury Muehleisen, his fortunes turned in the early 1970s. His breakthrough came in 1972; his third album You Don't Mess Around with Jim produced three charting singles, including \"Time in a Bottle\", which reached No. 1 after his death. The follow-up album, Life and Times contained the song \"Bad, Bad Leroy Brown\", which was the only No. 1 hit he had during his lifetime.\nOn September 20, 1973, the day before the lead single to his fifth album, I Got a Name, was released, Croce, along with five others, was killed in a plane crash, at the height of his popularity. Croce's music continued to chart throughout the 1970s following his death. His wife, Ingrid Croce, was his early songwriting partner and she continued to write and record after his death, and his son A. J. Croce himself became a singer-songwriter in the 1990s.", "Q943241": "Gentle Giant were a British progressive rock band active between 1970 and 1980. The band was known for the complexity and sophistication of its music and for the varied musical skills of its members. All of the band members were multi-instrumentalists. Although not commercially successful, they did achieve a cult following.The band's onetime stated aim was to \"expand the frontiers of contemporary popular music at the risk of becoming very unpopular\", although this stance was to alter significantly with time.\nGentle Giant's music was considered complex even by progressive rock standards, drawing on a broad swath of music including folk, soul, jazz, and classical music. Unlike many of their progressive rock contemporaries, their \"classical\" influences ranged beyond the Romantic and incorporated medieval, baroque, and modernist chamber music elements. The band also had a taste for broad themes for their lyrics, drawing inspiration not only from personal experiences but from philosophy and the works of both Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais and R. D. Laing. In 2015 they were recognised with the lifetime achievement award at the Progressive Music Awards.", "Q144422": "Christopher Andersen Hornsrud (15 November 1859 \u2013 12 December 1960) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He served as leader of the Labour Party from 1903 to 1906 and became a member of the Storting in 1912. In 1928, he became the first Norwegian Prime Minister from the Labour Party, but the cabinet had a weak parliamentary basis and was only in office for three weeks from January to February. He combined the post of Prime Minister with that of Minister of Finance. After resigning he became Vice-President of the Storting, a position he held to 1934.\nHornsrud was born in Skotselv, \u00d8vre Eiker, and died in Oslo.", "Q1368375": "Houston Edward Summers IV (born October 26, 1983), known mononymously as Houston, is an American singer, best known for his hit single \"I Like That.\"\nHouston made headlines in 2005 when he attempted suicide in a London hotel room, and later gouged his eye out with a fork the same night. He was subsequently dropped from his contract with Capitol.", "Q334169": "Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III is a 1990 American slasher film directed by Jeff Burr. The film is the third installment of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre series, and it stars Kate Hodge, William Butler, Ken Foree, Tom Hudson, Viggo Mortensen, Joe Unger, and R.A. Mihailoff as Leatherface. The film follows Leatherface and his cannibalistic family stalking a motorist couple in the backroads of Texas.\nThe film was distributed by New Line Cinema, who bought the rights to the series from The Cannon Group. Initially, this film was given an X-rating by the Motion Picture Association of America, which limited the studio's release possibilities. After the studio made cuts, it was re-rated R, and New Line released it on January 12, 1990. It was refused classification in the UK upon its initial release. It has since been released on home video in both unrated and rated versions, and a cut version was accepted with an 18 certificated in the UK.\nThe film was both a critical and commercial failure, grossing $5.7 million at the US box office, making it the poorest performing film in the series at the time, until the release of its successor, Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1995).", "Q3610132": "Alessandro Martini (16 May 1812 \u2013 14 March 1905) was an Italian businessman, founder of one of the most important vermouth companies in the world, Martini & Rossi, which produces the Martini vermouth.\nIn 1830 he purchased a small wine company situated very close to Turin. In 1847 several Italian businessmen started producing wine, spirits and vermouth for the Distilleria Nazionale di Spirito di Vino of Turin. Thanks to the Risorgimento, the economic prospects were bright and the organization soon began to turn a profit. A few years later, Alessandro Martini joined the small team, becoming the director in 1863 along with Luigi Rossi (who was the inventor of a vermouth) and Teofilo Sola. During this early period the Distilleria Nazionale di Spirito di Vino kept on growing and a several subsidiaries were created in Genoa, Cagliari and Narbonne thanks to the protection of the King of Piedmont.\nIn 1863, which can be considered one of the most important dates in the company's history (so much so that it is still written on the bottle), Martini, Sola and Rossi changed the name of the company to \"Martini, Sola & Cia\". They started exporting the bottles of vermouth around the world. New York city was given its first crates in 1867. At the same time the firm was awarded a good many prizes, which are still proudly recorded on the bottles: Dublin (1865), Paris (1867 and 1878), Vienna (1873) and Philadelphia (1876). Just thirty years after its creation, Martini was drunk in the United States, Brazil, Argentina, Greece, Portugal, Belgium, Egypt and other countries.\nIn 1879 Sola died, and his sons sold all their shares in the company. The firm consequently decided to change its name to Martini & Rossi, the name seen today on the bottles sold in the United States. Between 1870 and 1880 the company diversified and the two directors launched Vino Canelli Spumante (now known as Asti Martini). One of their successes was to build upon the traditions of the late 19th-century European courts' fondness for vermouth. In 1868 the company was authorized by King Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy to put the symbols of the royal family on their packaging. King Louis of Portugal (1872), the Queen of Austria, Christina (also regent of Spain) (1897) and the British Parliament did the same. The symbols of Melbourne, Anvers and Mendoza quickly followed; their marks are still seen on the packaging to this day.\nWhen Alessandro Martini died in 1905, the three sons of Luigi Rossi inherited the company. They had already launched Martini Extra Dry (1900) and Martini Bianco before his death, and had created subsidiaries around the world. In 1922 the company officially became known as Martini, except in the United States where they were compelled to keep Martini & Rossi because Martini was already an American cocktail.", "Q1788710": "Torstein Flakne (born December 17, 1960 in Trondheim, Norway) is a Norwegian singer and guitarist, best known for being the founder of the Norwegian rock band Stage Dolls. He is from Melhus and played in the band The Kids before founding Stage Dolls in 1985.", "Q4415041": "Vladimir Vladimirovich Semago (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0433\u043e; born April 27, 1947, Moscow, other data Harbin, China) is a Russian politician and businessman. Deputy of the State Duma of the first (1993-1995), the second (1995-1999) and fourth convocations (2003-2007, was a member since 2006). In the State Duma of the first and second convocations entered into a faction of the Communist Party (in the second part of the State Duma \u2014 until September 1998), in the State Duma of the fourth convocation \u2014 the faction United Russia. In 2016 he unsuccessfully ran for Duma from the Yabloko party. The president of the Energoprom Company.Played a small role in the film by Stanislav Govorukhin Voroshilov Sharpshooter (1999) and Not \u0412y \u0412read \u0410lone (2005), Tycoon (2002) by Pavel Lungin.", "Q105318": "Richard von Frankenberg (4 March 1922 in Darmstadt \u2013 11 November 1973 in Beilstein) was a German journalist and race car driver.He took part in many 24 Hours of Le Mans in the 1950s, as well as in races at Mille Miglia, Montlhery, Monza and N\u00fcrburgring, often with a Porsche 550, the type of car he became famous for, when crashing over the banking of the AVUS in Berlin. The Porsche slid over the top and Frankenberg was thrown out, which was caught on photos like this one. He survived with minor injuries \u2013 unlike Jean Behra who was killed in a similar accident in 1959.\nFrankenberg was killed in a roadway accident in 1973 at age 51.", "Q4568928": "Bj\u00f8rn L\u00f8demel (born 19 August 1958) is a Norwegian politician and a member of the Conservative Party of Norway (H\u00f8yre). He was elected to the Stortinget from Sogn og Fjordane in 2009. He had been mayor of Hornindal municipality since 1995, and a member of the council since 1991. He has also been regional council leader, and is the leader of Sogn og Fjordane Conservative Party.\nL\u00f8demel has previously worked in business and the military, and has worked in factories and been a self-employed businessman.", "Q104006": "Kurt Wagner (born May 1, 1953) is a German television actor.\nWagner was born in Saarlouis in the Saarland, West Germany on 1 May 1953. In 1984, he played the first-billed male character in all 11 episodes of the television historical drama Heimat - Eine deutsche Chronik (equivalent to \"Homeland, a German Chronicle\"). In the 1990s, he had two more television parts, one in the same role, in an episode of the sequel to Heimat.", "Q1677908": "Jacques Bizet (10 July 1872 - 3 November 1922) was a French physician and businessman best known for his childhood friendship with the novelist Marcel Proust, whom he predeceased by fifteen days when he committed suicide. The composer Georges Bizet (who died in 1875 when Jacques was not quite three) was his father. His mother was the literary hostess, born Genevi\u00e8ve Hal\u00e9vy. The essayist-historian Daniel Hal\u00e9vy (1872 \u2013 1962) was a cousin.", "Q1255786": "Sam Gary (February 19, 1917 \u2013 July 20, 1986) was an American blues and folk singer known for his collaboration with Josh White.\nBorn in Florida, Gary in the 1940s was a member of Josh White and His Carolinians and the Almanac Singers. In 1956, and as a soloist he was produced by Dean Gitter and with guitar accompaniment by Josh White, recorded an album for the British record label Esquire. One year later it was released in the U.S. on Tom Wilson's Transition Records.", "Q67215": "Messen is a municipality in the district of Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Balm bei Messen, Brunnenthal and Oberramsern merged into the municipality of Messen.", "Q125976": "Mousa Mohammed Abu Marzook (Arabic: \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642\u200e; born 9 January 1951) is a Palestinian senior member of Hamas.\n\n", "Q70769": "Wilhelmine, Gr\u00e4fin von Lichtenau, born as Wilhelmine Enke, also spelled Encke (29 December 1753 in Potsdam \u2013 9 June 1820 in Berlin), was the official mistress of King Frederick William II of Prussia from 1769 until 1797 and was elevated by him into the nobility. She is regarded as politically active and influential in the policy of Prussia during his reign.", "Q68126": "Felicia Langer (9 December 1930 \u2013 21 June 2018) was a German-Israeli attorney and human rights activist known for her defence of Palestinian political prisoners in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. She authored several books alleging human rights violations on the part of Israeli authorities. She lived in Germany from 1990 and acquired German citizenship in 2008. In July 2009, President of Germany Horst K\u00f6hler awarded her the Federal Cross of Merit, First class, which is the fifth highest of Germany's federal order of merit's eight ranks. The bestowal triggered a public controversy because of her attitude towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.In 1990, she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for \"the exemplary courage of her advocacy for the basic rights of the Palestinian people.\"", "Q77006": "Michael Cretu (Romanian: Mihai Cre\u021bu, pronounced [mi\u02c8haj \u02c8kret\u0361su]; born 18 May 1957) is a Romanian-German musician, singer, songwriter, and producer. He gained worldwide fame as the founder and musician behind the German musical project Enigma, formed in 1990. Initially Cretu was identified as \"Curly\" or \"Curly M.C.\" in reference to his curly hair and cre\u021b meaning \"curly\" in Romanian.Cretu began a music career in 1976 as a solo artist and released numerous studio albums as well as writing and producing albums for his then-wife, German pop singer Sandra. He also worked with artists through the 1980s, including Peter Cornelius, Hubert Kah, and Mike Oldfield. In 1990, Cretu formed Enigma and released its first album, MCMXC a.D. (1990) which charted worldwide helped by its lead single, \"Sadeness (Part I)\". Cretu continued to release Enigma albums and singles; the most recent is The Fall of a Rebel Angel (2016), its eighth overall.\nEnigma has sold an estimated 70 million albums worldwide, Cretu's management company Crocodile-Music stated that Cretu's produced recordings have sold 100 million copies worldwide.\n\n", "Q487852": "Kuttsukiboshi (\u304f\u3063\u3064\u304d\u307c\u3057, lit. Stars Intertwined) is a two-part original video animation, written, directed and entirely animated by freelance animator Naoya Ishikawa. It is produced by Primastea (Isshoni Training, Isshoni Sleeping), with music composed by Shunsuke Morita and soundtrack produced by Dax Production. The first OVA, while officially released on August 16, 2010, was sold by Primastea at their Comiket78 booth; the second episode was originally planned for summer 2011, but its release was pushed back to May 11, 2012. The ending theme for the first part is \"First Love Space Acceleration\" (\u521d\u604b\u52a0\u901f\u7a7a\u9593, Hatsukoi Kasoku K\u016bkan) by Asami Imai whilst the ending theme for the second part is \"My 71%\" (\u79c1\u306e71%, Watashi no Nanaj\u016bichi P\u0101sento) by Ikumi.", "Q1641504": "For the University of Palermo in Buenos Aires, Argentina, see University of Palermo (Buenos Aires).The University of Palermo (Italian: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo) is a university located in Palermo, Italy, and founded in 1806. It is organized in 12 Faculties.", "Q78335": "Bascha Mika (born January 17, 1954) is a German journalist and publicist. From 1998 to July 2009 she was editor-in-chief of Die Tageszeitung and has held the same post at Frankfurt Rundschau since April 2014. At Die Tageszeitung, Mika was the only female editor-in-chief of a national newspaper in Germany.", "Q807417": "Barbara Fairchild (born November 12, 1950) is an American country and gospel singer, who is best known for her hit 1973 country song \"The Teddy Bear Song\" and other country hits.", "Q267243": "Melanie Joy Mayron (born October 20, 1952) is an American actress and director of film and television. Mayron is best known for portraying the role of photographer Melissa Steadman on the ABC drama thirtysomething for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 1989. In 2018, the Santa Fe Film Festival honored Mayron for her outstanding contributions to film and television.", "Q61664": "Ernst Engel (; German: [\u02c8\u025b\u014b\u0259l]; March 26, 1821 \u2013 December 8, 1896) was a German statistician and economist, famous for the Engel curve and Engel's law.", "Q85290": "Alfred, 2nd Prince of Montenuovo and Grandee of Spain (16 September 1854 \u2013 6 September 1927) was one of the highest court officials of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. Among his ancestors were members of the House of Habsburg and the Medici family.", "Q1743461": "Paul Tutmarc (May 29, 1896 \u2013 September 25, 1972) was an American musician and musical instrument inventor. He was a tenor singer and a performer and teacher of the lap steel guitar and the ukulele. He developed a number of variant types of stringed musical instruments, such as electrically amplified double basses, electric basses, and lap steel guitars. His second marriage was to his former student Bonnie Buckingham, known as Bonnie Guitar.", "Q529363": "Fumiko Hayashi (\u6797 \u6587\u5b50, Hayashi Fumiko, born May 5, 1946, in Tokyo), is a Japanese politician and the incumbent mayor of Yokohama, the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan. She is the first female mayor of the city. Her previous roles have included president of BMW Tokyo, president of Tokyo Nissan Auto Sales, and chairperson and CEO of the Japanese supermarket chain Daiei. On taking the chief executive role at Daiei, all of whose executives are men, Hayashi told the Nikkei Weekly: \"I thought I would be able to create an example of a success in male-female collaboration.\"In 2006, Forbes named her the 39th most powerful woman in the world, the highest rank for a Japanese woman. She was elected as mayor of Yokohama in 2009 following the sudden resignation of the former mayor, Hiroshi Nakada.\n\n", "Q228554": "Trains'n'Roses (German: Zugv\u00f6gel ... Einmal nach Inari) is a 1998 German-Finnish romantic comedy film directed by Peter Lichtefeld.", "Q153638": "Lee Dong-hae (born October 15, 1986), referred to as Donghae, is a South Korean singer, songwriter, composer and actor. He became a trainee under SM Entertainment after winning a prize at SM's Youth Best Contest in 2001. After four years of training, Donghae debuted as a member of boy group Super Junior in November 2005. Since then, he has risen to prominence due to the group's success on the Asian music scene and further participated in the group's projects Super Junior-M, Super Junior-D&E, and the agency's projects SM The Performance. He is one of the first four Korean artists to appear on Chinese postage stamps.\n\n", "Q1373755": "The Mid-American Conference (MAC) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois. Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan, with single members located in Illinois, Indiana, and New York. For football, the MAC participates in the NCAA's Football Bowl Subdivision.\nThe MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, and has two members in the nearby Akron area. The MAC has been referred to as the \"Conference of Quarterbacks\" because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League. The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates.", "Q977682": "Paulus Johannes \"Paul\" Biegel (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8p\u028cul\u028fs jo\u02d0\u02c8\u0266\u0251n\u0259s \u02c8p\u028cul \u02c8bi\u0263\u0259l]; 25 March 1925 \u2013 21 October 2006) was a successful and prolific Dutch writer of children's literature.\n\n", "Q2006144": "William Edward Simon (November 27, 1927 \u2013 June 3, 2000) was an American businessman, a Secretary of Treasury of the U.S. for three years, and a philanthropist. He became the 63rd Secretary of the Treasury on May 9, 1974, during the Nixon administration. After Nixon resigned, Simon was reappointed by President Ford and served until 1977 when President Carter took office. Outside of government, he was a successful businessman and philanthropist. The William E. Simon Foundation carries on this legacy. He styled himself as a strong advocate of laissez-faire capitalism. He wrote, \"There is only one social system that reflects the sovereignty of the individual: the free-market, or capitalist, system\".", "Q86799": "Heinrich Str\u00f6bel (1869 - 1944) was a socialist German journalist, poet, Publicist, SPD and later USPD politician.", "Q639876": "Durlach is a borough of the German city of Karlsruhe with a population of roughly 30,000.", "Q9399": "Silvius Magnago (5 February 1914 \u2013 25 May 2010) was an Italian politician.", "Q245784": "Bojan Pe\u010dar (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0411\u043e\u0458\u0430\u043d \u041f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0440) (22 March 1960, Belgrade \u2013 13 October 1998, London) was a Yugoslav and Serbian musician, best known as bass player of the cult Yugoslav rock band Ekatarina Velika. Previously he was a member of the new wave group VIA Talas, who were featured on the Yugoslav new wave compilation album Artisti\u010dka radna akcija. He died on 13 October 1998 in London, England, officially of a heart attack, and was buried in Progar, outside Belgrade, Serbia. He is the one of many from the former Yugoslavia (like Vladimir Cvitan and Hrvoje Horvatic) who died at young age in London, but the cause of those deaths remains a mystery.", "Q109244": "Adam of Bremen (Latin: Adamus Bremensis; German: Adam von Bremen) (Before 1050 \u2013 12 October 1081/1085) was a German medieval chronicler. He lived and worked in the second half of the eleventh century. Adam is most famous for his chronicle Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum (Deeds of Bishops of the Hamburg Church). He was \"one of the foremost historians and early ethnographers of the medieval period\".", "Q948472": "The Electric Hellfire Club is an industrial metal band mixing elements of glam metal, techno, gothic rock, and psychedelia. The band's lyrics contain tongue-in-cheek references to sin, violence, sex, devil worship and similar themes. The band also makes use of sampling, mainly from low-budget horror films.", "Q212804": "The Ring is a 2002 American supernatural horror film directed by Gore Verbinski and starring Naomi Watts, Martin Henderson, David Dorfman, Brian Cox, and Daveigh Chase. It is a remake of the 1998 Japanese horror film Ring, based on the novel of the same name by Koji Suzuki. Watts portrays a journalist who investigates a cursed videotape that seemingly kills the viewer seven days after watching it.\nThe Ring was released theatrically on October 18, 2002, and received mostly positive reviews, with critics praising the atmosphere and Watts's performance. The film grossed over $249 million worldwide on a $48 million production budget, making it one of the highest-grossing horror remakes. It is the first installment of the American Ring series, and is followed by The Ring Two and Rings, which were released in 2005 and 2017, respectively.\nThe Ring paved the way for English-language remakes of Asian horror films, such as The Grudge, Dark Water, Pulse, One Missed Call, The Eye, Shutter, Mirrors, The Echo and The Uninvited.", "Q176490": "Ahmed Bahnini (Arabic: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a; 1909, Fes \u2013 10 July 1971, Rabat) studied at the University of Al-Karaouine, Abdeslam Serghini was his professor. He was a Moroccan politician during the reign of King Hassan II. He was the Prime Minister of Morocco between November 13, 1963, and June 7, 1965. He also served as President of the Supreme Court. On July 10, 1971, during a celebration of Hassan II's birthday in Skhirat palace, Bahnini was shot dead when mutinying soldiers fired into a crowd of guests during a bloody and unsuccessful military coup attempt.", "Q8087": "Geometry (from the Ancient Greek: \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1; geo- \"earth\", -metron \"measurement\") is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a geometer.\nGeometry arose independently in a number of early cultures as a practical way for dealing with lengths, areas, and volumes. Geometry began to see elements of formal mathematical science emerging in Greek mathematics as early as the 6th century BC. By the 3rd century BC, geometry was put into an axiomatic form by Euclid, whose treatment, Euclid's Elements, set a standard for many centuries to follow. Geometry arose independently in India, with texts providing rules for geometric constructions appearing as early as the 3rd century BC. Islamic scientists preserved Greek ideas and expanded on them during the Middle Ages. By the early 17th century, geometry had been put on a solid analytic footing by mathematicians such as Ren\u00e9 Descartes and Pierre de Fermat. Since then, and into modern times, geometry has expanded into non-Euclidean geometry and manifolds, describing spaces that lie beyond the normal range of human experience.While geometry has evolved significantly throughout the years, there are some general concepts that are fundamental to geometry. These include the concepts of point, line, plane, distance, angle, surface, and curve, as well as the more advanced notions of topology and manifold.Geometry has applications to many fields, including art, architecture, physics, as well as to other branches of mathematics.", "Q543804": "The German National Academy of Natural Sciences Leopoldina (German: Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina \u2013 Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften), short Leopoldina, is the national academy of Germany, and is located in Halle (Saale). Founded on January 1, 1652, based on academic models in Italy, it was originally named the Academia Naturae Curiosorum until 1687 when Emperor Leopold I raised it to an academy and named it after himself. It was since known under the German name Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina until 2007, when it was declared to be Germany's National Academy of Sciences. The Leopoldina has a claim to be the oldest continuously existing learned society in the world. The validity of the claim depends in part on how certain definitional and historical questions are answered.", "Q159473": "Beniamino Gigli (pronounced [benja\u02c8mi\u02d0no \u02c8d\u0292i\u028e\u028ei]; 20 March 1890 \u2013 30 November 1957) was an Italian opera singer. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest tenors of his generation.\n\n", "Q329138": "Joshua Barnes Howell, known as Peg Leg Howell (March 5, 1888 \u2013 August 11, 1966), was an American blues singer and guitarist, who connected early country blues and the later 12-bar style.", "Q86941": "Karl August von Heigel (March 25, 1835 in Munich \u2013 September 6, 1905), German novelist, was born, the son of a r\u00e9gisseur or stage-manager of the court theatre in Munich.\nIn that city he received his early schooling and studied (1854\u20131858) philosophy at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. He was then appointed librarian to Prince Heinrich zu Carolath-Beuthen in Lower Silesia, and accompanied the nephew of the prince on travels.\nIn 1863 be settled in Berlin, where from 1865 to 1875 he was engaged in journalism. He next resided at Munich, employed in literary work for the king, Ludwig II, who in 1881 conferred upon him a title of nobility. On the death of the king in 1886 he removed to Riva on the Lago di Garda, where he died on September 6, 1905.\nKarl von Heigel attained some popularity with his novels:\n\nWohin? (1873)\nDie Dame ohne Herz (1873)\nDas Geheimnis des K\u00f6nigs (1891)\nDer Roman einer Stadt (1898)\nDer Maharadschah (1900)\nDie nerv\u00f6se Frau (1900)\nDie neuen Heiligen (1901)He also wrote some plays, notably Josephine Bonaparte (1892) and Die Zarin (1883); and several collections of short stories, Neue Erz\u00e4hlungen (1876), Neueste Novellen (1878), and Heitere Erz\u00e4hlungen (1893).", "Q185518": "Mandalay ( or ; Burmese: \u1019\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101c\u1031\u1038; MLCTS: manta.le: [m\u00e1\u0270\u0303d\u0259l\u00e9]) is the second-largest city in Myanmar, after Yangon. Located on the east bank of the Irrawaddy River, 716 km (445 mi) north of Yangon, the city has a population of 1,225,553 (2014 census).\nMandalay was founded in 1857 by King Mindon, replacing Amarapura as the new royal capital of the Konbaung dynasty. It was Burma's final royal capital before the kingdom's annexation by the British Empire in 1885. Under British rule, Mandalay remained commercially and culturally important despite the rise of Yangon, the new capital of British Burma. The city suffered extensive destruction during the Japanese conquest of Burma in the Second World War. In 1948, Mandalay became part of the newly independent Union of Burma.\nToday, Mandalay is the economic centre of Upper Myanmar and considered the centre of Burmese culture. A continuing influx of Chinese immigrants, mostly from Yunnan, in the past 20 years, has reshaped the city's ethnic makeup and increased commerce with China. Despite Naypyidaw's recent rise, Mandalay remains Upper Burma's main commercial, educational and health center.", "Q712359": "Roger Dean Miller (January 2, 1936 \u2013 October 25, 1992) was an American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor, widely known for his honky-tonk-influenced novelty songs and his chart-topping country and pop hits \"King of the Road\", \"Dang Me\", and \"England Swings\", all from the mid-1960s Nashville sound era.\nAfter growing up in Oklahoma and serving in the United States Army, Miller began his musical career as a songwriter in the late 1950s, writing such hits as \"Billy Bayou\" and \"Home\" for Jim Reeves and \"Invitation to the Blues\" for Ray Price. He later began a recording career and reached the peak of his fame in the mid-1960s, continuing to record and tour into the 1990s, charting his final top 20 country hit \"Old Friends\" with Willie Nelson in 1982. He also wrote and performed several of the songs for the 1973 Disney animated film Robin Hood. Later in his life, he wrote the music and lyrics for the 1985 Tony Award\u2212winning Broadway musical Big River, in which he acted.\nMiller died from lung cancer in 1992 and was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame three years later. His songs continued to be recorded by other singers, with covers of \"Tall, Tall Trees\" by Alan Jackson and \"Husbands and Wives\" by Brooks & Dunn; both reached the number one spot on country charts in the 1990s. The Roger Miller Museum in his home town of Erick, Oklahoma, was a tribute to Miller.", "Q99861": "Franziska Freifrau von Reitzenstein, n\u00e9e von Nyss, alias \"Franz von Nemmersdorf\" (September 19, 1834 \u2013 June 4, 1896) was a German novelist.\n\n", "Q336018": "Julian Alexander Kitchener-Fellowes, Baron Fellowes of West Stafford (born 17 August 1949) is an English actor, novelist, film director and screenwriter, and a Conservative peer of the House of Lords.\nHe is primarily known as the author of several Sunday Times best-seller novels; for the screenplay for the film Gosford Park, which won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 2002; and as the creator, writer and executive producer of the multiple award-winning ITV series Downton Abbey (2010\u20132015).", "Q87487": "Elise Vogel Polko (31 January 1822 in Leipzig \u2013 15 May 1899 in Munich) was a German novelist.", "Q100506": "Mina Tander (born 4 December 1978 in Cologne, Germany) is a German actress. She has been playing BfV agent Esther Krug on Berlin Station from 2016 to 2019.\n\n", "Q693653": "Pl\u00f6tzensee Prison (German: Justizvollzugsanstalt Pl\u00f6tzensee, JVA Pl\u00f6tzensee) is a men's prison in the Charlottenburg-Nord locality of Berlin with a capacity for 577 prisoners, operated by the State of Berlin judicial administration. The detention centre established in 1868 has a long history; it became notorious during the Nazi era as one of the main sites of capital punishment, where about 3,000 inmates were executed. Famous inmates include East Germany's last communist leader Egon Krenz.", "Q15710490": "Mr Hublot is a Luxembourgish/French animated short film by Laurent Witz and Alexandre Espigares with/after the characters of Stephane Halleux. It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 86th Academy Awards on 2 March 2014.", "Q265440": "Liegen lernen (English: Learning to lie down) is a German film released in 2003. It is based on the novel of Frank Goosen from the year 2000.", "Q361154": "Raymond Park (born 23 August 1974) is a Scottish actor, author and martial artist. He is best known for playing Darth Maul in Star Wars: Episode I \u2013 The Phantom Menace and Solo: A Star Wars Story, Toad in X-Men, Snake-Eyes in G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra and G.I. Joe: Retaliation, and Edgar on Heroes.", "Q234169": "Irene Cara Escalera (born March 18, 1959) known professionally as Irene Cara, is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actress. Cara sang and co-wrote the song \"Flashdance... What a Feeling\" (from the movie Flashdance), for which she won an Academy Award for Best Original Song and a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 1984. Cara is also known for playing the role of Coco Hernandez in the 1980 film Fame, and for recording the film's title song \"Fame\". Prior to her success with Fame, Cara portrayed the title character Sparkle Williams in the original 1976 musical drama film Sparkle.", "Q724827": "Alessandro Leopardi (sometimes called Leopardo) (1466 \u2013 1512) was a Venetian sculptor, bronze founder and architect.", "Q63067": "Peter Schlickenrieder (born February 16, 1970 in Tegernsee) is a German cross-country skier who competed from 1992 to 2002. He earned a silver in the individual sprint at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.\nSchlickenrieder's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was a sixth in the individual sprint event in 2001. He also won seven times in FIS races and World Cup events between 1994 and 2002.\nIn April 2018, Schlickenrieder was appointed as head coach of the German National cross-country team. His appointment will last over the 2022 Winter Olympics.", "Q168862": "Wonder Boys is a 2000 comedy-drama film directed by Curtis Hanson and written by Steve Kloves. An international co-production between the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan, it is based on the novel of the same name by Michael Chabon. Michael Douglas stars as professor Grady Tripp, a novelist who teaches creative writing at a university but has been unable to finish his second novel.\nThe film was shot in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, including locations at Carnegie Mellon University, Chatham University, University of Pittsburgh, and Shady Side Academy. Other Pennsylvania locations included Beaver, Rochester and Rostraver Township. After the film failed at the box office, there was a second attempt to find an audience with a new marketing campaign and a November 8, 2000 re-release, which was also a financial disappointment.", "Q400097": "A Close Shave is a 1995 British comedy-adventure-thriller stop-motion animated short film directed by Nick Park at Aardman Animations. It is the third film featuring the eccentric inventor Wallace and his dog Gromit, following A Grand Day Out (1989) and The Wrong Trousers (1993). In A Close Shave, Wallace and Gromit uncover a plot to rustle sheep by a sinister dog. Like The Wrong Trousers, it won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film.A Close Shave has the first appearance of the character Shaun, who would later be the protagonist of the Shaun the Sheep spin-off television series and two feature films.", "Q1239884": "Donald Rafael Garrett (February 28, 1932, El Dorado, Arkansas - August 14, 1989, Champaign, Illinois) was an American jazz double-bassist and bass clarinetist.\nGarrett was a multi-instrumentalist, and in addition to bass and clarinet could play other reed instruments and flute. had moved to Chicago by 1960, where he played regularly with Ira Sullivan from 1960 to 1962 and also recorded with Roland Kirk, Eddie Harris, and Muhal Richard Abrams's Experimental Band. He toured widely, playing in Seattle, California, and Paris in the 1960s and 1970s; among his associations were John Coltrane, Dewey Redman, Archie Shepp, Frank Wright, Jean-Luc Ponty, Oliver Johnson, and Noah Howard.\nHe began making his own bamboo flutes in the late 1960s, and married vocalist and cellist Kali Fasteau; together, they founded the Sea Ensemble in 1977. In the 1980s Garrett worked with Joseph Jarman, Famoudou Don Moye, Billy Bang, and Kahil El'Zabar.\nDiscography\n\n 1961 : Paul Serrano Quintet Blues Holiday\n 1966 : John Coltrane Kulu S\u00e9 Mama\n 1967 : John Coltrane Om\n 1971 : John Coltrane Live In Seattle\n 1974 : The Sea Ensemble We Move Together\n 1977 : The Sea Ensemble After Nature\n 1977 : The Sea Ensemble Manzara\n 1981 : Joseph Jarman Earth Passage - Density\n 1988 : Kahil El'Zabar's The Ritual Featuring Lester Bowie, Malachi Favors, Raphael Garrett* \u2013 Sacred Love \n 2000 : Kali Fasteau & Donald Garrett \u2013 Memoirs Of A Dream", "Q310975": "Hector Samuel Juan \"Tico\" Torres (born October 7, 1953) is an American musician, artist, and entrepreneur, best known as the drummer, percussionist, and a songwriter for American rock band Bon Jovi. In 2018, Torres was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Bon Jovi.", "Q485089": "Sunwoo Hwi was a modern South Korean author and novelist.", "Q1351286": "Wesley Webb West (January 25, 1924 \u2013 November 15, 2003), better known as Speedy West, was an American pedal steel guitarist and record producer. He frequently played with Jimmy Bryant, both in their own duo and as part of the regular Capitol Records backing band for Tennessee Ernie Ford and many others. The duo also recorded with non-Capitol artists in Los Angeles. In 1960, Speedy played on and produced Loretta Lynn's first single. West, who began playing a pedal steel guitar built by Paul A. Bigsby in 1948, was the first country steel guitarist to use a pedal guitar. Nashville players like Bud Isaacs would adopt it in the early 1950s.\nHe was photographed by Herb Wise, the American photographer who found critical success with his portraits of artists from the 1960s and 1970s", "Q644679": "Gustave-Auguste Ferri\u00e9 (19 November 1868 \u2013 16 February 1932) was a French radio pioneer and army general.\n\n", "Q1436734": "An adventure is an exciting experience that is typically a bold, sometimes risky, undertaking. Adventures may be activities with some potential for physical danger such as traveling, exploring, skydiving, mountain climbing, scuba diving, river rafting or participating in extreme sports. Adventures are often undertaken to create psychological arousal or in order to achieve a greater goal such as the pursuit of knowledge that can only be obtained in a risky manner.", "Q114567": "Agata Kulesza-Figurska (Polish: [a\u02c8gata ku\u02c8l\u025b\u0282a]; born 27 September 1971) is a Polish film, television and stage actress, and a member of the Polish Film Academy. In 2013, she appeared in the critically acclaimed Ida. She was a contestant in season eight of Taniec z gwiazdami (English: Dancing with Stars) in 2008. She gained wide popularity in mass media after winning the competition. Kulesza was also the first winner of the show who donated the prize to charity.", "Q1470761": "The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos de Valencia (Spanish for Saint Charles Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Valencia) has been a Spanish Art school in Valencia since 1768.", "Q1983260": "The Sun was a New York newspaper published from 1833 until 1950. It was considered a serious paper, like the city's two more successful broadsheets, The New York Times and the New York Herald Tribune. The Sun was the most politically conservative of the three.", "Q776807": "Magdalene College ( MAWD-lin) is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The college was founded in 1428 as a Benedictine hostel, in time coming to be known as Buckingham College, before being refounded in 1542 as the College of St Mary Magdalene. Magdalene counted some of the greatest men in the realm among its benefactors, including Britain's premier noble the Duke of Norfolk, the Duke of Buckingham and Lord Chief Justice Christopher Wray. Thomas Audley, Lord Chancellor under Henry VIII, was responsible for the refoundation of the college and also established its motto\u2014garde ta foy (Old French: \"keep your faith\"). Audley's successors in the Mastership and as benefactors of the College were, however, prone to dire ends; several benefactors were arraigned at various stages on charges of high treason and executed.The college's most famous alumnus is the 17th-century chronicler Samuel Pepys. His papers and books were donated to the college upon his death and are housed in the Pepys Library in the Pepys Building. A portrait of the diarist by Peter Lely hangs in the Hall.\nMagdalene is noted for its 'traditional' style: it boasts a well-regarded candlelit formal hall (held every evening) and was the last all-male college in Oxford or Cambridge to admit women in 1988 (Oriel College was the last in Oxford, admitting women in 1986). This change resulted in protests by some male undergraduates, including the wearing of black armbands and flying the college flag at half-mast.Magdalene's old buildings are representative of the college's ramshackle growth from a monks' foundation into a centre of education. It is also distinctive in that most of the old buildings are in brick rather than stone (save for the frontage of the Pepys Building). Magdalene Street divides the most ancient courts from more recent developments. One of the accommodation blocks in the newer part of the college was built by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the early 1930s. Opened in 2005, Cripps Court, on Chesterton Road, features new undergraduate rooms and conference facilities.\nMagdalene remains one of the smaller colleges in the University, numbering some 300 undergraduates. Magdalene has been an academically strong-performing college over the past decade, achieving an average of ninth in the Tompkins Table and coming second in 2015.", "Q31047": "Jos\u00e9 Eduardo de C\u00e1rdenas (1765\u20131821) was a priest, theologist, politician, poet and writer of New Spain (now Mexico).", "Q104774": "Eva Maria Bulling-Schr\u00f6ter (born 22 February 1956 in Ingolstadt, Bavaria) is a German politician and member of the German party \"die Linke.\"", "Q221202": "Home Alone 2: Lost in New York is a 1992 American comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus. It is the second film in the Home Alone series and the sequel to the 1990 film Home Alone. The film stars Macaulay Culkin, Joe Pesci, Daniel Stern, John Heard, Tim Curry, Brenda Fricker and Catherine O'Hara.\nIn the film, taking place one year after the events of Home Alone, Kevin and his family decide to take a trip to Florida, but Kevin accidentally boards the wrong plane and instead ends up in New York City. He tries to make do with what he has, such as using his father's credit card to stay at the Plaza Hotel, but is soon confronted by the recently escaped Wet Bandits. Using his wits to survive and befriending unlikely locals, Kevin must outrun and out-prank his old enemies again, while his family tries desperately to find him.\nFilming for Home Alone 2 took place from December 1991 to May 1992 in Chicago and New York City, including at the Rockefeller Center and the original World Trade Center. The film was released on November 20, 1992, and grossed over $173 million in revenue in the United States and $359 million worldwide against a budget of $28 million. A sequel featuring a new cast of characters, Home Alone 3, followed in 1997.\n\n", "Q78321": "Paul Merker (1 February 1894, in Oberl\u00f6\u00dfnitz \u2013 13 May 1969, in Eichwalde) was an activist member of Germany's Communist Party (KPD / Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands) who later became a politician and a top official of East Germany's ruling SED (Socialist Unity Party of Germany/Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands).Merker featured for several years in the show trial culture of the time, placed under a lengthy investigation process that formally began in 1950, and jailed for eight years as a spy in 1955. Released less than a year later, he appeared as a reluctant witness against his friend Walter Janka at another show trial in 1957.", "Q92920": "Manfred Broy (born 10 August 1949 at Landsberg am Lech) is a German computer scientist, and an emeritus professor in the Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Informatik at the Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Garching, Germany.", "Q751260": "Ralph Kirkman Mulford (December 28, 1884 \u2013 October 23, 1973) was an American racecar driver who participated in the 1911 Indianapolis 500. In 1911 he won the Vanderbilt Cup in Savannah, Georgia.", "Q3379373": "Philippe Andr\u00e9 Eug\u00e8ne, Baron Bodson (2 November 1944 \u2013 4 April 2020) was a Belgian businessman and politician. He served in the Belgian Senate from 1999 to 2003.", "Q3205904": "Louis Yves Fortier, , Ad.E. (born September 11, 1935), is a Canadian diplomat, trial and appellate lawyer, arbitrator and corporate director. He served as the Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations from August 1988 to December 1991. In August 2013, he became a member of the Security Intelligence Review Committee and the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. He also served as the national president of the Canadian Bar Association in 1982-1983.\n\n", "Q432743": "Gavin McGregor Rossdale (born 30 October 1965) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, and actor, and is the lead singer and rhythm guitarist of the rock band Bush. Rossdale helped form Bush in 1992; upon the band's separation in 2002, he became the lead singer and guitarist for Institute and later began a solo career. Rossdale resumed his role in Bush when the band reunited in 2010. In 2013, Rossdale received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for International Achievement.", "Q197108": "Ze'ev Boim (Hebrew: \u05d6\u05d0\u05d1 \u05d1\u05d5\u05d9\u05dd\u200e, 30 April 1943 \u2013 18 March 2011) was an Israeli politician. He was the mayor of Kiryat Gat before becoming a Knesset member for Likud and later Kadima. Boim was Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development, Minister of Housing and Construction, and Minister of Immigrant Absorption.", "Q164080": "Gentlemen Broncos is a 2009 American comedy film written by Jared and Jerusha Hess and directed by Jared Hess. The film stars Michael Angarano, Jemaine Clement, Jennifer Coolidge, and Sam Rockwell.", "Q1096013": "Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. was an American semiconductor company based in San Jose, California. Founded in 1957 as a division of Fairchild Camera and Instrument, it became a pioneer in the manufacturing of transistors and of integrated circuits. Schlumberger bought the firm in 1979 and sold it to National Semiconductor in 1987; Fairchild was spun off as an independent company again in 1997. In September 2016, Fairchild was acquired by ON Semiconductor.The company has locations in the United States at San Jose, California; South Portland, Maine; West Jordan, Utah; and Mountaintop, Pennsylvania. Outside the U.S. it operates locations in Singapore; Bucheon, South Korea; Penang, Malaysia; Suzhou, China; and Cebu, Philippines, among others.", "Q560777": "The German Free-minded Party (German: Deutsche Freisinnige Partei, DFP) or German Radical Party was a short-lived liberal party in the German Empire, founded on 5 March 1884 as a result of the merger of the German Progress Party and the Liberal Union, an 1880 split-off of the National Liberal Party.", "Q3101502": "George \"Gogu\" Constantinescu (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0361\u0292e\u032ford\u0361\u0292e konstanti\u02c8nesku] (listen), first name's diminutive is Gogu, last name also Constantinesco; 4 October 1881 \u2013 11 December 1965) was a Romanian scientist, engineer and inventor. During his career, he registered over 130 inventions. He is the creator of the theory of sonics, a new branch of continuum mechanics, in which he described the transmission of mechanical energy through vibrations.", "Q708473": "Isidore Isou (French: [izu]; 29 January 1925 \u2013 28 July 2007), born Isidor Goldstein, was a Romanian-born French poet, dramaturge, novelist, film director, economist, and visual artist who lived in the 20th century. He was the founder of Lettrism, an art and literary movement which owed inspiration to Dada and Surrealism.\nAn important figure in the mid-20th Century avant-garde, he is remembered in the cinema world chiefly for his revolutionary 1951 film Trait\u00e9 de Bave et d'Eternit\u00e9, while his political writings are seen as foreshadowing the May 1968 movements.", "Q1492082": "Kai Hahto (born 31 December 1973 in Vaasa, Finland) is a Finnish musician and drummer.", "Q1775879": "Geir Zahl (born 19 May 1975) is a Norwegian musician. He is known for playing guitar in the Norwegian rock group Kaizers Orchestra. The band was founded by Geir Zahl and Janove Ottesen who had both played together in some other bands, namely Blod, sn\u00e5tt & juling and gnom. Geir Zahl is the composer and main vocalist on several songs, both on the recordings and live at concerts.\nGeir was born in Bryne, Norway. He befriended Janove Ottesen at an early age, and together, they played in a multitude of bands such as Destruction and Blod, sn\u00e5tt & juling. Zahl and Ottesen would write songs by themselves and record them to show to the other one, then work on those songs together. After releasing two cassettes as Blod, Sn\u00e5tt & Juling, the two friends hit a creative wall, and their third tape was left, unfinished. Janove joined the army.\nUpon his return, Ottesen and Zahl formed a new band, known as gnom. They only released one album, Mys, which did not sell well at all. However, when their new band, Kaizers Orchestra, was created, Geir and Janove started composing songs again.\nIn 2007, he released his first solo album under the name Zahl. The album is called Nice for a Change. The band that supported him live and on the album consists of Christer Knutsen, P\u00e5l Hausken and B\u00e5rd Halsne.\nIn 2008, along with John Erik Kaada, Zahl wrote some of the songs for the soundtrack of the Norwegian movie Mannen som elsket Yngve.\nIn 2009, Zahl filmed and directed a short film about the recording of \"Die Polizei\", the first single from the Kaizers Orchestra album V\u00e5re demoner.\nIn 2010, Zahl announced the formation of another solo project known as Uncle Deadly. Their album, Monkey Do was released on 2 February 2010.", "Q84824": "Heinrich Joseph von Collin (1771\u20131811), Austrian dramatist, was born in Vienna, on 26 December 1771. He received a legal education and entered the Austrian ministry of finance where he found speedy promotion. In 1805 and in 1809, when Austria was under the heel of Napoleon, Collin was entrusted with important political missions. In 1803 he was, together with other members of his family, ennobled, and in 1809 made Hofrat. He died on 28 July 1811 in Vienna.\nHis tragedy Regulus (1801), written in strict classical form, was received with enthusiasm in Vienna, where literary taste, less advanced than that of northern Germany, was still under the ban of French classicism. But in his later dramas, Coriolan (1804), Polyxena (1804), Balboa (1806), and Bianca della Porta (1808), he made some attempt to reconcile the pseudo-classic type of tragedy with that of Shakespeare and the German romanticists. As a lyric poet (Gedichte, collected 1812), Collin has left a collection of stirring Wehrmannslieder for the fighters in the cause of Austrian freedom, as well as some excellent ballads (Kaiser Max auf der Martinswand, Herzog Leupold vor Solothurn).\nHis younger brother Matth\u00e4us von Collin (1779-1824), was, as editor of the Wiener Jahrb\u00fccher f\u00fcr Literatur, an even more potent force in the literary life of Vienna. He was, moreover, in sympathy with the Romantic movement, and intimate with its leaders. His dramas on themes from Austrian national history (Belas Krieg mit dem Vater, (1808); Der Tod Friedrichs des Streitbaren, 1813) may be regarded as the immediate precursors of Grillparzer's historical tragedies.\nHeinrich's Gesammelte Werke appeared in 6 vols. (1812-1814); he is the subject of an excellent monograph by F. Laban (1879). See also A. Hauffen, Des Drama der klassischen Periode, ii.2 (1891), where a reprint of Regulus will be found. M. von Collins Dramatische Dichtungen were published in 4 vols. (1815-1817); his Nachgelassene Schriften, edited by J. von Hammer, in 2 vols. (1827). A study of his life and work by J. Wihan will be found in Euphorion, Erganzungsheft, v (1901).", "Q1479745": "", "Q79759": "John Milton (9 December 1608 \u2013 8 November 1674) was an English poet and intellectual who served as a civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under its Council of State and later under Oliver Cromwell. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval, and is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost (1667), written in blank verse, and widely considered to be one of the greatest works of literature ever written.\nWriting in English, Latin, Greek, and Italian, he achieved international renown within his lifetime; his celebrated Areopagitica (1644), written in condemnation of pre-publication censorship, is among history's most influential and impassioned defences of freedom of speech and freedom of the press. His desire for freedom extended into his style: he introduced new words (coined from Latin) to the English language, and was the first modern writer to employ unrhymed verse outside of the theatre or translations.\nWilliam Hayley's 1796 biography called him the \"greatest English author\", and he remains generally regarded \"as one of the preeminent writers in the English language\", though critical reception has oscillated in the centuries since his death (often on account of his republicanism). Samuel Johnson praised Paradise Lost as \"a poem which...with respect to design may claim the first place, and with respect to performance, the second, among the productions of the human mind\", though he (a Tory and recipient of royal patronage) described Milton's politics as those of an \"acrimonious and surly republican\". Poets such as William Blake, William Wordsworth and Thomas Hardy revered him.", "Q77774": "Maria Furtw\u00e4ngler-Burda (born 13 September 1966) is a German physician and television actress.", "Q386917": "Moses Znaimer, (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0441 \u0414\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0434 \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0435\u0440; born 1942) is a co-founder and former head of Citytv, the first independent television station in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and the current head of ZoomerMedia.", "Q60208": "Karl Korsch (German: [k\u0254\u0250\u032f\u0283]; August 15, 1886 \u2013 October 21, 1961) was a German Marxist theoretician and political philosopher. Along with Gy\u00f6rgy Luk\u00e1cs, Korsch is considered to be one of the major figures responsible for laying the groundwork for Western Marxism in the 1920s.", "Q4706091": "Alan David Austerman (born May 23, 1943) is a former Republican member of the Alaska House of Representatives from 2009 to 2015. He was the Majority Leader of the House of Representatives. He also serves on the Fisheries, Military and Veterans Affairs, and Community and Regional Affairs committees of the House of Representatives of the 27th Legislature. Alan Austerman previously served as an Alaska State Senator from 2001 to 2003. He resigned from the Senate to become the Fisheries Policy Advisor to Governor Frank Murkowski. Before that he represented the 6th district in the House from 1995 to 2001.Austerman's daughter Carol ran for his seat in the House of Representatives upon his retirement in 2014. She lost in the Republican primary to Louise Stutes.\n\n", "Q325070": "Simon Jones (born 27 July 1950) is an English actor. He is best known for his multiple portrayals of Arthur Dent, protagonist of Douglas Adams' The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Jones first portrayed the character on radio in 1978 and again on television in 1981. Jones also featured in the film The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005) in a cameo role. He is also known for his portrayal of Donald Shellhammer in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), and for his multiple appearances on the Broadway stage. Jones is also well known for his role in Brideshead Revisited as Lord Brideshead. He appeared as King George V in the film Downton Abbey.", "Q828386": "Milan Linate Airport (IATA: LIN, ICAO: LIML) is the third international airport of Milan, the second-largest city and largest urban area of Italy, behind Malpensa Airport and Orio al Serio Airport. It served 9,233,475 passengers in 2018, being the fifth busiest airport in Italy, and is used as a base by Alitalia and Alitalia CityLiner.", "Q68654": "Wolfgang Preiss (27 February 1910 \u2013 27 November 2002) was a German theatre, film and television actor.\nThe son of a teacher, Preiss studied philosophy, German, and drama in the early 1930s. He also took private acting classes with Hans Schlenck, making his stage d\u00e9but in Munich in 1932. He appeared in various theatre productions in Heidelberg, K\u00f6nigsberg, Bonn, Bremen, Stuttgart and Berlin.\nIn 1942, he made his film d\u00e9but - he was specifically exempted from military service - in the UFA production Die grosse Liebe with Zarah Leander. After the end of the Second World War, Preiss returned to the theatre, and from 1949 worked extensively dubbing films into German.\nIn 1954, he returned to film acting, appearing in Alfred Weidenmann's Canaris. The following year, Preiss played the lead role of Claus von Stauffenberg in Falk Harnack's film The Plot to Assassinate Hitler, which dramatised the 20 July plot. This role brought Preiss to popular attention and also the 1956 Federal Film Award.\nFrom then on, Preiss was largely typecast in the role of the upright and obligation-conscious German officer to the other A-list actor playing the fanatic (i.e. Paul Scofield in The Train), a part he played in many films, later reprising it in numerous international productions, predominantly in Italy and the USA, while occasionally playing a more typically cynical or brutal Nazi officer.\nPreiss appeared in such productions as The Longest Day (1962), Otto Preminger's The Cardinal (1963), and with Jean-Paul Belmondo in Is Paris Burning? (1966). He starred alongside Burt Lancaster in John Frankenheimer's The Train (1964), Frank Sinatra in Von Ryan's Express (1965), Robert Mitchum in Anzio (1968), with Richard Burton, in the title role of Erwin Rommel in Raid on Rommel (1971), and The Boys From Brazil (1978) with Gregory Peck. Preiss played Field Marshal Von Rundstedt in Richard Attenborough's all-star war epic A Bridge Too Far (1977). From 1968\u20131988 he played in American film and television productions five different German field marshals, having already played a fictional Afrika Korps general in an episode of The Rat Patrol (1966). \nIn addition, for the cinema-going public of West Germany, he became the epitome of the evil genius in his role as Doctor Mabuse, a role he first played in 1960 (following Rudolf Klein-Rogge) in Fritz Lang's The Thousand Eyes of Dr. Mabuse. He went on to play the role four more times.\nIn the 1980s, Preiss turned to television, notably playing General Walther von Brauchitsch in the American TV miniseries Winds of War and War and Remembrance, based on the books of Herman Wouk.\nIn 1987, Preiss received a second Federal Film Award for his outstanding work in film.\nIn film dubbing, Preiss provided the voice for such actors as Lex Barker, Christopher Lee, Anthony Quinn, Claude Rains, Richard Widmark and Conrad Veidt as \"Major Strasser\" in the 1975 remastered version of Casablanca.", "Q587852": "Stanley Benton (born July 24, 1978), better known as Stat Quo, is an American rapper, producer, songwriter, and entrepreneur. Benton worked his way to college and attended University of Florida, where he majored in economics and international business in 2000. Benton was contemplating law school, until veteran Southern rapper Scarface encouraged him to rap professionally. In February 2003, Stat Quo released his first installment of the Underground Atlanta Mixtapes and caught the attention of Aftermath Entertainment associate Mel-Man. When Stat Quo was in L.A. performing at Encore, Mel-Man invited him to Record One Studios where he met Dr. Dre. That night at Record One, Stat Quo recorded the song The Future with Dr. Dre and released it on the second volume of his Underground Atlanta Mixtapes. Underground Atlanta Volume 2 made its way by a different route to Eminem and led to Stat Quo's record deal with Shady Records and Aftermath Entertainment. Stat Quo is currently managing Lil Xan and Young Aspect.\nAfter 50 Cent, Stat Quo was the second and only other artist to date signed to both Shady Records and Aftermath Entertainment; he became Dr. Dre and Eminem's newest prot\u00e9g\u00e9. Stat Quo was supposed to release his debut album, Statlanta, with Shady/Aftermath but, despite being made three different times, the album was never released by the labels. Statlanta was finally released on July 13, 2010 by Sha Money XL's label Dream Big Ventures. Stat Quo has continued his career in the entertainment industry by earning production and writing credits as well as release more studio albums and launching a record label called Blood Money Entertainment, with West Coast-based rapper The Game.\n\n", "Q936812": "Gaetano Arturo Crocco (26 October 1877 \u2013 19 January 1968) was an Italian scientist and aeronautics pioneer, the founder of the Italian Rocket Society, and went on to become Italy's leading space scientist. He was born in Naples.\nIn 1927, Crocco begun working with solid-propellant rockets and, in 1929, designed and built the first liquid-propellant rocket motors in Italy. He began work with monopropellants (fuel and oxidizer combined in one chemical liquid) in 1932, making him one of the first researchers in this field.\nAs head of the School of Aeronautics of the University of Rome, he performed research on flight mechanics, structural design, and high-altitude flight in addition to his work in rocket propulsion.\nBecause of his early efforts in aeronautics, Italian satellites were launched starting in the 1960s.\nThe San Marco programme was a cooperative effort of NASA and the Italian Space Commission, with NASA providing launch vehicles, use of its facilities, and training of Italian personnel.", "Q845156": "George Maxwell Alagiah ( born 22 November 1955) is a British newsreader, journalist and television news presenter.\nSince 3 December 2007, he has been the presenter of the BBC News at Six and has also been the main presenter of GMT on BBC World News since its launch on 1 February 2010. He is also the main relief presenter for the BBC Ten O'Clock News and has held this role since its launch in 2000, making him the longest serving presenter of the flagship news programme.", "Q2145069": "Cardioplegia is intentional and temporary cessation of cardiac activity, primarily for cardiac surgery.", "Q640379": "The Islamic Republican Party (IRP; Persian: \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u200e, romanized: \u1e24ezb-e Jomh\u016br\u012b-e Esl\u0101m\u012b, also translated Islamic Republic Party) formed in 1979 to assist the Iranian Revolution and Ayatollah Khomeini establish theocracy in Iran. It was disbanded in 1987 due to internal conflicts.", "Q842639": "Jon Oliva's Pain (sometimes referred to as JOP) is the latest project of Savatage co-founder Jon Oliva.", "Q600985": "Maurizio Iorio (born 6 June 1959 in Milan) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a striker. He played for several Italian clubs throughout his career, and during the 1982\u201383 season, he won the Serie A title with Roma, forming a formidable offensive partnership with the more offensive-minded Roberto Pruzzo. At international level, he represented the Italy national football team at the 1984 Summer Olympics.", "Q235511": "Taraji Penda Henson ( t\u0259-RAH-jee; born September 11, 1970) is an American actress and author. She studied acting at Howard University and began her Hollywood career in guest roles on several television shows before making her breakthrough in Baby Boy (2001). She received praise for her performances as a prostitute in Hustle & Flow (2005), for which she received a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture nomination; and as a single mother of a disabled child in David Fincher's The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008), for which she received Academy Award, SAG Award and Critics Choice Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress. In 2010 she appeared in the action comedy Date Night, and co-starred in the remake of The Karate Kid.\nHenson has also had an extensive and successful career in television, including series such as The Division, Boston Legal and Eli Stone. In 2011, she starred in the Lifetime Television film Taken from Me: The Tiffany Rubin Story, which brought her a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. From 2011 to 2013, she co-starred as Detective Jocelyn Carter in the CBS drama Person of Interest, for which she won an NAACP Image Award. She starred in the ensemble films Think Like a Man (2012) and its 2014 sequel. In 2015 she began starring as Cookie Lyon in the Fox drama series Empire, for which she became the first African-American woman to win a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series. She also won a Golden Globe Award; and was nominated for Emmy Awards in 2015 and 2016.\nIn 2016, Time named Henson one of the 100 most influential people in the world. That year, she released a New York Times best selling autobiography titled Around the Way Girl. Also that year, she was praised for her starring role as Katherine Johnson in the critically acclaimed drama film Hidden Figures, for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.", "Q32228": "The Nutty Professor is a 1963 American science fiction comedy film directed, co-written (with Bill Richmond) by, and starring, Jerry Lewis. The score was composed by Walter Scharf. The film is a parody of Robert Louis Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.\nThe Nutty Professor has been described as perhaps the finest and most memorable film of Lewis's career. In 2004, The Nutty Professor was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".\nA remake was released in 1996, starring Eddie Murphy and Jada Pinkett-Smith, directed by Tom Shadyac. a sequel, Nutty Professor II: The Klumps, followed in 2000, and an animated sequel to the 1963 film was released in 2008. Lewis directed a musical theatre version in 2012.", "Q327667": "Women Without Men is a 2009 film adaptation of a Shahrnush Parsipur novel, directed by Shirin Neshat. Neshat's work explores gender issues in the Islamic world. Women without Men is her first dramatic feature.\nThe film profiles the lives of four women living in Tehran in 1953, during the American-backed coup that returned the Shah of Iran to power. The film was called \"visually transfixing\" by The New York Times reviewer Stephen Holden, who added, \"the film surpasses even Michael Haneke's The White Ribbon in the fierce beauty and precision of its cinematography (by Martin Gschlacht).\"\nTwo of the film's recurrent images are of a long dirt road extending to the horizon on which the characters walk, and a river that suggests, \"a deep current of feminine resilience below an impassive exterior.\"", "Q90851": "Thure Riefenstein is an actor, director, writer and producer. He was born in Germany with an Austrian-Serbian background.", "Q75163": "Lotte Ulbricht (19 April 1903 \u2013 27 March 2002, born Charlotte K\u00fchn) was a Socialist Unity Party of Germany official and the second wife of the East German leader Walter Ulbricht.\nShe was born the younger of two children in Rixdorf in 1903. Her father was an unskilled labourer and her mother a homeworker in Berlin. After attending primary and middle school, she worked as an office worker and a shorthand typist. In 1919, she joined the Free Socialist Youth movement, and in 1921, the Communist Party of Germany. She worked for the Party's central committee and in 1922-23, was a shorthand typist with the Communist Youth International (KJI) in Moscow. K\u00fchn was thereafter a member of the central committee of the KPD and the KPD Reichstag group. In 1926-27 she was archivist with the KJI and then until 1931, secretary and shorthand typist at the Soviet Union's bureau of commerce in Berlin. In 1931, she emigrated to Moscow with her first husband, Erich Wendt. She became an instructor with the Comintern and completed a distance learning study at the Academy of Marxism-Leninism and an evening course at Moscow State University. Following the arrest of her husband in 1936 during the Stalinist purges, she divorced him the same year and was herself investigated. She remained under an official Party reprimand until 1938. From 1939 to 1941, she worked as a compositor at a foreign language printer, and later for the Comintern until 1945.\n \nK\u00fchn's older brother, Bruno, was discovered by the Gestapo in Amsterdam in 1943, working as a radio operator for the NKVD. He was executed in 1944, probably in Brussels.\nUntil 1947, she was a member of the central committee of the Communist Party. After 1947, she was a personal assistant to Walter Ulbricht, whom she knew from their time in Moscow, where they lived at the Hotel Lux, along with numerous other German exiles. After her 1953 marriage to Ulbricht, she resigned her job working for him and began studying at the Institute for Social Sciences, which awarded her a Social Sciences Diploma in 1959. During 1959-73, she was employed by the Institute for Marxism-Leninism, where, among other things, she was responsible for editing Walter Ulbricht's speeches and writings published by the Institute.\nIn addition, she was a member of the Women's Commission of the Secretariat of the Central Committee and of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany. She retired in July 1973, a few weeks before the death of her husband. Lotte Ulbricht was much feted by the state and party leadership of East Germany, including in 1959, 1963, and 1978 the Fatherland Order of Merit, in 1969 and 1983 the Order of Karl Marx, and in 1988 the Grand Star of Friendship of Nations.\nIn a rare interview, after German reunification, in 1990, she complained that \"Honecker wasted my husband's inheritance\".On March 27, 2002, she struggled out of her wheelchair and shuffled to a ladder propped against a bookcase. She climbed to look for a book on an upper shelf, crashed to the floor, and died that night. She lived at 12 Majakowskiring Street, Pankow, Berlin. She and Walter adopted a Russian girl, Beate Ulbricht (1944-1991).", "Q1066492": "Stellenbosch University (Afrikaans: Universiteit Stellenbosch) is a public research university situated in Stellenbosch, a town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Stellenbosch is jointly the oldest university in South Africa and the oldest extant university in Sub-Saharan Africa alongside the University of Cape Town which received full university status on the same day in 1918. Stellenbosch University (abbreviated as SU) designed and manufactured Africa's first microsatellite, SUNSAT, launched in 1999.Stellenbosch University was the first African university to sign the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities.The students of Stellenbosch University are nicknamed \"Maties\". The term probably arises from the Afrikaans word \"tamatie\" (meaning tomato, and referring to the maroon sport uniforms and blazer colour). An alternative theory is that the term comes from the Afrikaans colloquialism maat (meaning \"buddy\" or \"mate\") originally used diminutively (\"maatjie\") by the students of the University of Cape Town's precursor, the South African College.\n\n", "Q263964": "Jenette Elise Goldstein (born February 4, 1960) is an American actress, best known for her Saturn Award-winning role as Private Vasquez in the 1986 science fiction horror action film Aliens, and as the foster mother in Terminator 2.", "Q99120": "Heidi Knake-Werner is a German politician (Die Linke). She served as a member of the German parliament (\"Bundestag\") between 1994 and 2002. Between 2002 and 2009 she was one of Berlin's more high-profile senators.\n\n", "Q676620": "Autopsy is an American death metal band founded in 1987 by Chris Reifert and Eric Cutler. They disbanded in 1995, but reunited in 2009.", "Q55258": "Stephen Arthur Frears (born 20 June 1941) is an English film and television director. Frears has directed numerous films since the 1980s including My Beautiful Laundrette, Dangerous Liaisons, High Fidelity, The Queen, Philomena, and Florence Foster Jenkins. He has been nominated for two Academy Awards for Best Director: for The Grifters and The Queen. In 2008 The Daily Telegraph named him among the 100 most influential people in British culture.\n\n", "Q994280": "Brunt\u00e1l (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8brunta\u02d0l]; German: Freudenthal in Schlesien, Latin: Vallis Gaudiorum, Vrudental) is a town located near the western boundary of the Moravian-Silesian Region, in Czech Silesia. From 1938 to 1945 it was one of the municipalities in Sudetenland. A suitable position in the middle of the Jesen\u00edky Mountains provides ample tourism opportunities to the town, which offers sites of cultural interest that include a Baroque castle and many historical buildings.", "Q101181": "Elfriede \"Friedel\" Gr\u00fctzmacher (born 3 August 1942 in Leer, Lower Saxony) is a German politician from East Frisia and member of the German Green party.Originally a teacher in W\u00f6rth in Rhineland-Palatinate, she joined the Green Party in the 1980s, and served as an elected Member of the Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag between 1991 and 2006. She was the leader of her party group in the Landtag from 1993 to 1996, deputy leader from 1996\u20132001, and was Vice President of the Landtag from 2001 until 2006. She served on the Committees for Justice and Internal Affairs and the Penal Justice Commission. Prior to 1996, she had been responsible for educational policy.", "Q14562": "Werthenstein is a municipality in the district of Entlebuch in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q89333": "Reinhard Glemnitz (born 27 November 1930 in Breslau, Germany (now Wroc\u0142aw, Poland) is a German television actor.", "Q1689383": "Victor James Kelly (born 18 February 1971 in Gamonal, Spain) is an Irish-American singer, musician, and composer. He is best known as a member of the award-winning pop and folk-music band The Kelly Family, which has sold more than 20 million albums since the mid-1990s. In 2005, Kelly released his debut solo album Babylon.", "Q212145": "The World Is Not Enough is a 1999 spy film and the nineteenth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and the third to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. The film was directed by Michael Apted, with the original story and screenplay written by Neal Purvis, Robert Wade, and Bruce Feirstein. It was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli. The title is taken from the Bond family coat of arms created for 007 in the 1963 novel On Her Majesty's Secret Service.\nThe film's plot revolves around the assassination of billionaire Sir Robert King by the terrorist Renard, and Bond's subsequent assignment to protect King's daughter Elektra, who had previously been held for ransom by Renard. During his assignment, Bond unravels a scheme to increase petroleum prices by triggering a nuclear meltdown in the waters of Istanbul.\nFilming locations included Spain, France, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and the UK, with interiors shot at Pinewood Studios. Despite receiving mixed reviews, with the plot and Denise Richards' casting being frequently targeted for criticism, The World Is Not Enough earned $361.8 million worldwide. It was also the first Eon-produced Bond film to be officially released under the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer label instead of United Artists, the original owner and distributor of the film franchise.", "Q171466": "Daniel Sexton Gurney (April 13, 1931 \u2013 January 14, 2018) was an American racing driver, race car constructor, and team owner who reached racing's highest levels starting in 1958.\nGurney won races in the Formula One, Indy Car, NASCAR, Can-Am, and Trans-Am Series. Gurney is the first of three drivers to have won races in Sports Cars (1958), Formula One (1962), NASCAR (1963), and Indy cars (1967). (The other two were Mario Andretti and Juan Pablo Montoya).\nIn 1967, after winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans together with A. J. Foyt, Gurney spontaneously sprayed champagne while celebrating on the podium, which thereafter became a custom at many motorsports events. As owner of All American Racers, he was the first to put a simple right-angle extension on the upper trailing edge of the rear wing. This device, called a Gurney flap, increases downforce and, if well designed, imposes only a relatively small increase in aerodynamic drag. At the 1968 German Grand Prix, he became the first driver ever to use a full face helmet in Grand Prix racing.", "Q358058": "Lotfollah \"Lotfi\" Mansouri (15 June 1929 \u2013 30 August 2013) was an Iranian-born opera director and manager. He was an opera director from about 1960 onwards, and is best known for being the General Director of the Canadian Opera Company and of the San Francisco Opera from 1988 through 2001. In 1992 he became a Chevalier of France's Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and the subject of a 1998 biography.He introduced opera surtitles\u2014projected subtitles above the stage that allow the audience to follow the libretto during the performance of an opera.", "Q312637": "Curzio Malaparte (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8kurtsjo mala\u02c8parte]; 9 June 1898 \u2013 19 July 1957), born Curt Erich Suckert, was an Italian writer, film-maker, war correspondent and diplomat. Malaparte is best known outside Italy due to his works Kaputt (1944) and La pelle (1949). The former is a semi-fictionalised account of the Eastern Front during the Second World War and the latter is an account focusing on morality in the immediate post-war period of Naples (it was placed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum).\nDuring the 1920s, Malaparte was one of the intellectuals who supported the rise of Italian fascism and Benito Mussolini, through the magazine 900. Despite this, Malaparte had a complex relationship with the National Fascist Party and was stripped of membership in 1933 for his independent streak. Arrested numerous times, he had Casa Malaparte created in Capri where he lived under house arrest. After the Second World War, he became a film maker and moved closer to both Togliatti's Italian Communist Party and the Catholic Church (though once a staunch atheist), reputedly becoming members of both before his death.", "Q175600": "Don't Come Knocking is a 2005 American drama road film directed by German director Wim Wenders and written by Wenders and actor/playwright Sam Shepard. The two had previously collaborated on the film Paris, Texas (1984). It was entered into the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q4748473": "Ampleforth College is a co-educational independent day and boarding school in the village of Ampleforth, North Yorkshire, England. It opened in 1802 as a boys' school, and is run by the Benedictine monks and lay staff of Ampleforth Abbey.\nThe school is in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. Its affiliated preparatory school, St Martin's Ampleforth, is across the valley at Gilling Castle.", "Q123446": "Rubina Kuraoka (born 17 October 1987 in Berlin) is a Japanese German voice actress.\n\n", "Q673758": "Arkona (Russian: \u0410\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430) is a Russian folk metal band. Their lyrics are heavily influenced by Russian folklore and Slavic mythology, and their music incorporates several traditional Russian musical instruments. The name of the band \"Arkona\" refers to the last Pre-Christianized Slavic city-castle.\nTheir singer and songwriter, Maria \"Masha Scream\" Arkhipova, is one of relatively few successful female vocalists to sing in a death growl style. She is married to fellow band member Sergei \"Lazar\" Atrashkevich, with whom she has two children.", "Q465196": "Rex Robert Brown (born July 27, 1964) is an American musician and author, who is best known as having been the longtime bassist for the band Pantera (1982\u20132003). He is a former member of Down (2001\u20132011), and is the former bassist for the band Kill Devil Hill. He released his debut solo album Smoke on This on July 28, 2017. For the first time in Brown's career, the work features him not only as a bassist but also as lead vocalist and guitarist.Brown authored a book called Official Truth 101 Proof, which was released in April 2013. The book documents Pantera's formation, career, and disbandment.", "Q912797": "Brian Morton (born 1954) is a Scottish writer, journalist and former broadcaster, specialising in jazz and modern literature.\n\n", "Q230482": "In Country is a 1989 American drama film produced and directed by Norman Jewison, starring Bruce Willis and Emily Lloyd. The screenplay by Frank Pierson and Cynthia Cidre was based on the novel by Bobbie Ann Mason. The original music score was composed by James Horner. Willis earned a best supporting actor Golden Globe nomination for his role.", "Q66692": "Toffen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It lies approximately 10 km south of the city of Bern.\nThe palace situated there, Toffen Castle, is a heritage site of national significance.", "Q251068": "Wang Leehom (born May 17, 1976), sometimes credited as Leehom Wang, is a Chinese-American singer-songwriter, actor, producer, and film director. Formally trained at the Eastman School of Music, Williams College and Berklee College of Music, his musical style is known for fusing Chinese elements (such as Beijing opera, traditional styles of ethnic minorities, Chinese classical orchestra) with hip-hop and R&B. Wang debuted in 1995 and since then has released over 25 albums, with sales of over 50 million copies. He is also a four-time winner and 19-time nominee of Taiwan's Golden Melody Awards, the \"Grammys\" of Chinese music. His sold-out concert at the 90,000 seat Beijing Bird's Nest on April 14, 2012 was the first solo pop concert to be held at the iconic venue. He holds honorary doctoral degrees from both Williams College and Berklee. With over 60 million followers on social media, he is one of the most followed celebrities in China (peaked as #1 most followed person in China's social media in 2014).\nIn addition to his music, Wang has also acted in several films, including Ang Lee's Lust, Caution, Jackie Chan's Little Big Soldier and Michael Mann's Blackhat. He is an environmental activist, and his album Change Me was dedicated to raising eco-awareness among Chinese youth. Wang was one of the first torchbearers for the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics, and performed in the Olympics' closing ceremony in Beijing. He was again a torchbearer for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, making him the only person in the Mandarin pop circle to have taken part in the event twice. He is a longtime ambassador for World Vision Taiwan and was appointed World Vision Malaysia's 15th anniversary ambassador.Wang was listed as one of Goldsea's \"The 100 Most Inspiring Asian Americans of All Time\". In April 2018, CNN dubbed him \"King of Chinese Pop\".On December 21, 2018, Wang Leehom won his first Best Actor at the 2018 Golden Lotus Awards in Macau presented by Macau Film and Television Media Association and China International Cultural Communication Center.Asia Society presented Game Changer Awards to Wang Leehom at the U.S.-Asia Entertainment Summit on November 5, 2019.\n\n", "Q1378199": "Kim Vincent Fowley (July 21, 1939 \u2013 January 15, 2015) was an American record producer, singer, songwriter and musician. He is best known for his role behind a string of novelty and cult pop rock singles in the 1960s, and for managing the Runaways in the 1970s. He has been described as \"one of the most colorful characters in the annals of rock & roll,\" as well as \"a shadowy cult figure well outside the margins of the mainstream.\"", "Q231944": "Ann Radcliffe (born Ann Ward, 9 July 1764 \u2013 7 February 1823) was an English author and pioneer of Gothic fiction. Her technique of explaining apparently supernatural elements in her novels has been credited with gaining Gothic fiction respectability in the 1790s. Radcliffe was the most popular writer of her day and almost universally admired; contemporary critics called her the mighty enchantress and the Shakespeare of romance-writers, and her popularity continued through the 19th century. Interest has revived in the early 21st century, with the publication of paperback reprints and three biographies.", "Q10704": "T\u00f3rshavn (Faroese: [\u02c8t\u02b0\u0254u\u0282haun]; lit. 'Thor's harbor'; Danish: Thorshavn, pronounced [\u02c8ts\u02b0o\u0250\u032f\u02c0s\u02cchaw\u02c0n]) is the capital and largest city of the Faroe Islands. It is in the southern part on the east coast of Streymoy. To the northwest of the city lies the 347-meter-high (1,138 ft) mountain H\u00fasareyn, and to the southwest, the 350-meter-high (1,150 ft) Kirkjub\u00f8reyn. They are separated by the Sand\u00e1 River. The city itself has a population of 19,165 (2019), and the greater urban area has a population of 21,078.\nThe Norse established their parliament on the Tinganes peninsula in AD 850. T\u00f3rshavn thus became the capital of the Faroe Islands and has remained so ever since. All through the Middle Ages the narrow peninsula jutting out into the sea made up the main part of T\u00f3rshavn. Early on, T\u00f3rshavn became the centre of the islands' trade monopoly, thereby being the only legal place for the islanders to sell and buy goods. In 1856, the trade monopoly was abolished and the islands were left open to free trade.", "Q3893": "L\u00fcdenscheid (German pronunciation: [\u02c8ly:dn\u0329\u0283a\u026at]) is a city in the M\u00e4rkischer Kreis district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Sauerland region.", "Q1394131": "Umberto Raho (4 June 1922 \u2013 9 January 2016) was an Italian stage, film and television actor.", "Q82500": "Sankt P\u00f6lten (German pronunciation: [za\u014bkt \u02c8p\u0153ltn\u0329] (listen); Central Bavarian: St. P\u00f6dn), mostly abbreviated to the official name St. P\u00f6lten, is the capital and largest city of the State of Lower Austria in northeast Austria, with 52,716 inhabitants as of 1 January 2015. St. P\u00f6lten is a city with its own statute (or Statutarstadt) and therefore it is both a municipality and a district in the Mostviertel.", "Q463281": "The American Academy of Arts and Letters is a 250-member honor society; its goal is to \"foster, assist, and sustain excellence\" in American literature, music, and art. Located in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, it shares Audubon Terrace, a complex on Broadway between West 155th and 156th Streets, with the Hispanic Society of America and Boricua College.\nThe academy's galleries are open to the public on a published schedule. Exhibits include an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, photographs and works on paper from contemporary artists nominated by its members, and an annual exhibition of works by newly elected members and recipients of honors and awards. A permanent exhibit of the recreated studio of composer Charles Ives was opened in 2014.The auditorium is sought out by musicians and engineers wishing to record live, as the acoustics are considered among the city's finest. Hundreds of commercial recordings have been made there.", "Q56037": "East Berlin was the capital city of the German Democratic Republic from 1949 to 1990. Formally, it was the Soviet sector of Berlin, established in 1945. The American, British, and French sectors were known as West Berlin. From 13 August 1961 until 9 November 1989, East Berlin was separated from West Berlin by the Berlin Wall. The Western Allied powers did not recognise East Berlin as the GDR's capital, nor the GDR's authority to govern East Berlin. On 3 October 1990, the day Germany was officially reunified, East and West Berlin formally reunited as the city of Berlin.", "Q249141": "Crystal Waters (born 1961/62) is an American house and dance music singer and songwriter, best known for her 1990s dance hits \"Gypsy Woman\", \"100% Pure Love\" and 2007's \"Destination Calabria\" with Alex Gaudino. All three of her studio albums produced a Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100. In December 2016, Billboard magazine ranked her as one of the most successful dance artists of all-time. Her accolades include 6 ASCAP Songwriter Awards, three American Music Award nominations, an MTV Video Music Award nod, four Billboard Music Awards and 12 No. 1 Billboard Dance Chart hits. Her hit song \"Gypsy Woman\" was sampled in musician Trey Songz 2017 song \"1x1\" from his Tremaine album, which she co-wrote.", "Q218468": "Zokirjon Xolmuhammad o\u02bbg\u02bbli (Uzbek: Zokirjon Xolmuhammad o\u02bbg\u02bbli, \u0417\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0436\u043e\u043d \u04b2\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0443\u04b3\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u045e\u0493\u043b\u0438) (1859\u20131909), better known by his pen name Furqat, was an Uzbek author, poet, and political activist. He had a major influence on the development of modern Uzbek literature. He wrote one of the earliest pamphlets and satirical articles in Uzbek.Furqat, like may other writers of the tsarist colonial period, was forced to praise the Russian Empire and its culture in his work. When he started to write poems that were critical of the cruelty of Russian rule, he was exiled to Chinese Turkestan.", "Q624166": "Lee Si-yeon (born Lee Dae-hak on July 24, 1980) is a South Korean transgender actress and model. In 1999, Lee participated in the Anti-Miss Korea competition. In November 2007, Lee changed gender through surgery and became a woman and changed name to Si-yeon. Lee is the niece of Seo Jae-hyuk, a singer-songwriter and guitarist, member of Buhwal.", "Q92713": "Alan C. Ashton (born May 7, 1942) is the co-founder of WordPerfect Corporation and a former professor at Brigham Young University (BYU). Ashton worked for a time with Novell after the company bought WordPerfect, and subsequently founded Thanksgiving Point in Lehi, Utah.", "Q2253880": "Leopoldo Marco Antonio Caldani (1725\u20131813) was an Italian anatomist and physiologist.Caldani was born in Bologna, Italy. He studied medicine in Bologna, receiving his degree in 1750, and became a professor of practical medicine in 1755. Caldani left to become professor of theoretical medicine at Padua, and in 1771 became professor of anatomy, retiring in 1805.\nHe was a champion of Haller's theory of irritability and was noted for experimental studies on the function of the spinal cord and for the introduction of electricity in the physiology of the nerves. His most celebrated work is his anatomical atlas, in which he was aided by his nephew Floriano. He died in Padua, Italy in 1813.", "Q49117": "The University of Pennsylvania (Penn or UPenn) is a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The University claims a founding date of 1740 and is one of the nine colonial colleges chartered prior to the U.S. Declaration of Independence. Benjamin Franklin, Penn's founder and first president, advocated an educational program that trained leaders in commerce, government, and public service, similar to a modern liberal arts curriculum.Penn has four undergraduate schools as well as twelve graduate and professional schools. Among its graduate and professional schools are the first school of medicine in North America (Perelman School of Medicine, 1765), the first collegiate business school (Wharton School, 1881), and the first \"student union\" building and organization (Houston Hall, 1896). In 2019, the university had an endowment of $14.65 billion, the seventh largest endowment of all colleges in the United States, as well as a research budget of $1.02 billion. The university's athletics program, the Quakers, fields varsity teams in 33 sports as a member of the NCAA Division I Ivy League conference.\nAs of 2018, distinguished alumni include 14 heads of state, 64 billionaires, 3 U.S. Supreme Court justices, 33 U.S. Senators, 44 U.S. Governors, 159 members of the U.S. House of Representatives, 8 signers of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, 12 signers of the U.S. Constitution, 24 members of the Continental Congress, and two presidents of the United States, including the current U.S. President, Donald Trump. Other notable alumni include 29 Rhodes Scholars, 15 Marshall Scholars, 16 Pulitzer Prize winners, and 48 Fulbright Scholars. As of October 2019, 36 Nobel laureates, 169 Guggenheim Fellows, 80 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and many Fortune 500 CEOs have been affiliated with the university. Penn has the highest number of undergraduate alumni billionaires of any school in the United States.", "Q181959": "Pope John XI (Latin: Ioannes XI; died December 935) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from March 931 to his death. The true ruler of Rome at the time was his mother, Marozia, followed by his brother Alberic II. The period is known as Saeculum obscurum.", "Q352575": "Anthony Simcoe (born 7 June 1969) is an Australian actor, best known for his portrayal of Steve Kerrigan in the 1997 film The Castle and Ka D'Argo in the science fiction television series Farscape.\nThe 1.98m (6 ft 6 in) Simcoe is a graduate of the National Institute of Dramatic Arts in Sydney. He holds an MFA in Drama, specializing in actor training.\nSimcoe gained international fame when he was cast as Ka D'Argo in Farscape. He was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Television Series in 2002 for his work on the show. He has also appeared in several other television series including Chameleon. He also does an appearance in the short film Syntax Error.\nBetween acting roles he works as a freelance corporate trainer. He also performs in the band \"Signal Room\" (formerly known as The Giant Killers, and Number 96). He has two sons, Willem Lee and Jackson Ty.", "Q3479869": "Serpent is the first book in the NUMA Files series of books co-written by best-selling author Clive Cussler and Paul Kemprecos, and was published in 1999. The main character of this series is Kurt Austin and Joe Zavala.", "Q256061": "Thomas Cavanagh (born October 26, 1963) is a Canadian actor. He is known for a variety of roles on American television, including starring roles in Ed (2000\u20132004), Love Monkey (2006) and Trust Me (2009), and recurring roles on Providence, Scrubs, and The CW television series The Flash since 2014. Portraying Eobard Thawne / Reverse-Flash and the various versions of Harrison Wells, Cavanagh has also directed several episodes of The Flash.", "Q165375": "Francis Connolly Shannon (July 27, 1874 \u2013 February 1, 1959), better known as Frank Shannon, was an Irish actor and writer.\nA stage actor and silent film pioneer, Shannon made his screen debut in 1913's The Artist's Joke. He later appeared in dozens of films through the mid-1920s, including The Prisoner of Zenda (1913) and Monsieur Beaucaire (1924). Shannon then returned to the stage until beckoned back to Hollywood in 1931 and played a few substantial supporting parts, including Captain McTavish in Warner Bros.' Torchy Blaine series from 1937 to 1939, but he is most fondly remembered as the brilliant scientist Dr. Alexis Zarkov in the three Flash Gordon serials starring Buster Crabbe between 1936 and 1940. He worked afterwards as a writer for the TV-series Tales of the Texas Rangers between 1955 and 1958.\nShannon died in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California at the age of 84. He is interred at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City, California.\n\n", "Q3588884": "\u00c9milien Amaury (born \u00c9tampes, France, 5 March 1909, died Chantilly 2 January 1977) was a French publishing magnate whose company now organises the Tour de France. He worked with Philippe P\u00e9tain, head of the French government in the southern half of France during the second world war but used his position to find paper and other materials for the French Resistance. His links with Jacques Goddet, the organiser of the Tour de France, led to a publishing empire that included the daily sports paper, L'\u00c9quipe. Amaury died after falling from his horse; his will led to six years of legal debate.", "Q414009": "The Academy of Fine Arts, Prague (Czech: Akademie v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdch um\u011bn\u00ed v Praze; AVU) is an art college in Prague, Czech Republic. Founded in 1799, it is the oldest art college in the country. The school offers twelve Master's degree programs and one Doctoral program.\n\n", "Q57329": "Danilo T\u00fcrk (pronounced [da\u02c8n\u00ed\u02d0l\u0254 \u02c8t\u00fd\u027ek]; born 19 February 1952) is a Slovenian diplomat, professor of international law, human rights expert, and political figure who served as President of Slovenia from 2007 to 2012. T\u00fcrk was the first Slovene ambassador to the United Nations, from 1992 to 2000, and was the UN Assistant Secretary General for Political Affairs from 2000 to 2005.\nHe is a visiting professor of international law at Columbia University in New York City, a professor emeritus at the Faculty of Law of the University of Ljubljana, and non-resident senior fellow of Chongyang Institute for Financial studies at Renmin University of China in Beijing. T\u00fcrk is the founder of the Danilo T\u00fcrk Foundation, devoted mostly to the rehabilitation of child victims of armed conflict. He is also the chairman of the Global High Level Panel on Water and Peace and the chairman of the board of the Global Fairness Initiative, a Washington-based NGO dedicated to economic and social development in developing nations.\nIn 2016, T\u00fcrk was an unsuccessful candidate for the post of Secretary-General of the United Nations.", "Q1656087": "Ustad Farida Mahwash (born Farida Gulali Ayubi, Persian: \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0648\u0634\u200e in 1947, Kabul, Afghanistan) commonly referred to as Ustad Mahwash (Afghan: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0648\u0634) is a singer and voice of Afghanistan. She was the first woman (as of 2013) to have been conferred the honorary title of \"Ustad\" (meaning Master or Maestra in Dari) in 1977. She currently lives in Fremont, California, US; and tours the world with her latest all star ensemble Voices of Afghanistan.", "Q219776": "X2 (also marketed as X2: X-Men United and internationally as X-Men 2) is a 2003 American superhero film directed by Bryan Singer and written by Michael Dougherty, Dan Harris and David Hayter, from a story by Singer, Hayter and Zak Penn. The film is based on the X-Men superhero team appearing in Marvel Comics. It is the sequel to 2000's X-Men, as well as the second installment in the X-Men film series, and features an ensemble cast including Patrick Stewart, Hugh Jackman, Ian McKellen, Halle Berry, Famke Janssen, James Marsden, Rebecca Romijn-Stamos, Brian Cox, Alan Cumming, Bruce Davison, and Anna Paquin. Its plot, inspired by the graphic novel God Loves, Man Kills, concerns the genocidal Colonel William Stryker leading an assault on Professor Xavier's school to build his own version of Xavier's mutant-tracking computer Cerebro, in order to destroy every mutant on Earth and to \"save\" the human race from them, forcing the X-Men to team up with the Brotherhood of Mutants, their former enemies, to stop Stryker and save the mutant race.\nDevelopment on the sequel began shortly after the first film was released in 2000. David Hayter and Zak Penn wrote separate scripts, combining what they felt to be the best elements of both scripts into one screenplay. Michael Dougherty and Dan Harris were eventually hired to rewrite the work, and changed the characterizations of Beast, Angel, and Lady Deathstrike. Sentinels and the Danger Room were set to appear before being deleted because of budget concerns. The film's premise was influenced by the Marvel Comics storylines Return to Weapon X and God Loves, Man Kills. Filming began in June 2002 and ended that November, mostly taking place at Vancouver Film Studios, the largest North American production facility outside of Los Angeles. Production designer Guy Hendrix Dyas adapted similar designs by John Myhre from the previous film.\nX2 was released in the United States on May 2, 2003 by 20th Century Fox, and received positive reviews for its storyline, action sequences, and performances. The film grossed $407 million worldwide, and received eight Saturn Awards nominations. A sequel, X-Men: The Last Stand, was released in 2006.", "Q862264": "Bill Long (28 April 1932 \u2013 21 May 2010) was an Irish writer and broadcaster. He often featured on RT\u00c9 Radio 1. He was also Ireland's longest surviving heart transplant patient.\n\n", "Q168889": "Hitler \u2013 Dead or Alive is a 1942 American propaganda war film directed by Nick Grinde. The plot of Hitler \u2013 Dead or Alive was inspired by true events but takes a quasi-comic tone.", "Q8078": "Logic (from the Ancient Greek: \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, romanized: logik\u1e17) is the systematic study of the forms of inference, the relations that lead to the acceptance of one proposition, the conclusion, on the basis of a set of other propositions, the premises. More broadly, logic is the analysis and appraisal of arguments.There is no universal agreement as to the exact definition and boundaries of logic, and this is why the issue still remains one of the main subjects of research and debates in the field of philosophy of logic (see \u00a7 Rival conceptions, below). However, it has traditionally included the classification of arguments, the systematic exposition of the logical forms, the validity and soundness of deductive reasoning, the strength of inductive reasoning, the study of formal proofs and inference (including paradoxes and fallacies), and the study of syntax and semantics.\nA good argument not only possesses validity and soundness (or strength, in induction), but it also avoids circular dependencies, it's clearly stated, relevant, and consistent; otherwise it's useless for reasoning and persuasion, and is classified as a fallacy.In ordinary discourse, inferences may be signified by words such as therefore, thus, hence, ergo, and so on. \nHistorically, logic has been studied in philosophy (since ancient times) and mathematics (since the mid-19th century). More recently, logic has been studied in cognitive science, which draws on computer science, linguistics, philosophy and psychology, among other disciplines.", "Q253119": "Traunstein is a town in the south-eastern part of Bavaria, Germany, and is the administrative center of a much larger district of the same name. The town serves as a local government, retail, health services, transport and educational center for the wider district.\nThe historic market square, Bavarian hospitality, local breweries, outdoor sports facilities, Easter Monday horse parade, and connections with Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, contribute to the town's profile as a tourist destination.", "Q12675": "Oise ( WAHZ, French: [waz] (listen)) is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise. Inhabitants of the department are called Oisiens or Isariens, after the Latin name for the river, Isara.", "Q350362": "James Blake Litherland (born 26 September 1988) is an English singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer from London. He first received recognition for a series of 2010 EPs including CMYK and Klavierwerke, and he released his self-titled debut album in 2011 to critical praise. His second album Overgrown was released in 2013, bringing him to international attention, and later was awarded the Mercury Prize. In 2016, he released his third album The Colour in Anything and his fourth album Assume Form in 2019, both receiving positive reviews and the latter becoming his highest-peaking album in the US Billboard 200, at number 21.\nDuring his career, he has collaborated with artists including Mount Kimbie and Bon Iver, and has contributed production work to artists including Kendrick Lamar, Beyonc\u00e9, Vince Staples, Frank Ocean, and Travis Scott. Blake has also released remix work under the alias Harmonimix.He has won a Mercury Prize from two nominations, a Grammy Award from five nominations, including for Best New Artist in 2014; and three Brit Award nominations.", "Q1508143": "The Ukrainian State (\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, Ukrajin\u015bka Der\u017eava), sometimes also called the Hetmanate (\u0413\u0435\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442, Hetmanat), was an anti-socialist government that existed on most of the modern territory of Ukraine (except for West Ukraine) from 29 April to 14 December 1918.It was installed by German military authorities after the socialist-leaning Central Council of the Ukrainian People's Republic was dispersed on 28 April 1918. Ukraine turned into a provisional dictatorship of Hetman of Ukraine Pavlo Skoropadskyi, who outlawed all socialist-oriented political parties, creating an anti-Bolshevik front. It collapsed in December 1918, when Skoropadskyi was deposed and the Ukrainian People's Republic returned to power in the form of the Directorate.", "Q300555": "A Serious Man is a 2009 black comedy-drama film written, produced, edited and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. Set in 1967, the film stars Michael Stuhlbarg as a Minnesota Jewish man whose life crumbles both professionally and personally, leading him to questions about his faith.\nThe film attracted a positive critical response, including a Golden Globe Award nomination for Stuhlbarg, a place on both the American Film Institute's and National Board of Review's Top 10 Film Lists of 2009, and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Picture.", "Q242014": "Aki Toyosaki (\u8c4a\u5d0e \u611b\u751f, Toyosaki Aki, born 28 October 1986) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and singer from Tokushima, Tokushima Prefecture. She had her first major voice acting roles in 2007, voicing Amuro Ninagawa in Kenk\u014d Zenrakei Suieibu Umish\u014d and Su in Shugo Chara!. She was named \"Best New Actress\" at the 4th Seiyu Awards in 2010 for her role as Yui Hirasawa in K-On! and Kana Nakamachi in Kanamemo, and received the \"Best Lead Actress\" and \"Best Personality\" awards at the 5th Seiyu Awards in 2011.\nHer career as a musician began with her performance of the opening and ending themes of the anime series K-On! in April 2009. In the same month, she and three other voice actresses debuted as the musical group Sphere with their single \"Future Stream\". Later, K-On!'s ending theme was given Animation Kobe's \"Best Song\" award. She released her first solo single \"love your life\" in October 2009, and has since released two albums and eleven singles that have placed in the top 20 of Oricon's weekly charts. She was awarded \"Best Musical Performance\" at the 4th Seiyu Awards for her performance on the K-On! mini-album H\u014dkago Tea Time with four other actresses.", "Q1343669": "Stephen Andrew Perkins (September 13, 1967) is an American musician and songwriter. A drummer and percussionist, he currently plays with Jane's Addiction and Hellflower.Following the dissolution of Jane's Addiction, Perkins continued to play with frontman Perry Farrell in the rock band Porno for Pyros. He also has a solo project called Banyan, and in the 1990s was involved in Lil' Pit with Mike Watt. In 1992, he appeared as percussionist on Rage Against the Machine's \"Know Your Enemy\" and in 1995, contributed percussion to the Red Hot Chili Peppers songs \"One Big Mob\" and \"Warped\" on their album One Hot Minute (fellow Jane's Addiction member Dave Navarro was the guitarist for the Chili Peppers during the making of that album). Perkins also played drums on the Nine Inch Nails album The Downward Spiral on the track \"I Do Not Want This\". In addition to Banyan, Perkins worked with Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, Jane's Addiction bass player Chris Chaney and singer/guitarist Steve Isaacs on a project entitled The Panic Channel from 2004 until 2007. Perkins was also involved with members of Suicidal Tendencies in their Infectious Grooves side project, as well as Hellride, a Los Angeles-based Stooges cover band. Jane's Addiction reunited and played at the NME Awards in April 2008, and recorded the album The Great Escape Artist in 2011, and produced a live album Live in NYC, from material recorded during the follow-up tour. The band has played sporadically since 2013, as members have worked on various side projects. Perkins most recently played with the band in February, 2020 during a show with the Red Hot Chili Peppers; Perkins also filled in on drums for the Red Hot Chili Peppers at the same show.", "Q320849": "John Wilson Croker (20 December 1780 \u2013 10 August 1857) was an Irish statesman and author.\n\n", "Q966764": "Holger Henrik Herholdt Drachmann (9 October 1846 \u2013 14 January 1908) was a Danish poet, dramatist and painter. He was a member of the Skagen artistic colony and became a figure of the Scandinavian Modern Breakthrough Movement.", "Q215158": "Rudolf Lothar [r\u00fa:dolf l\u00f3:tar] (born Rudolf Lothar Spitzer; February 25, 1865 \u2013 October 2, 1943) was a Hungarian-born Austrian writer, playwright, critic and essayist. He was born and died in Budapest.", "Q166668": "Eug\u00e8ne-Ren\u00e9 Poubelle (15 April 1831 \u2013 15 July 1907) was a French lawyer and diplomat who introduced waste containers to Paris and made their use compulsory. This introduction was so innovative at the time that Poubelle's surname became synonymous with waste bins (la poubelle) and remains the most common French word for a bin.\n\n", "Q426911": "Tamara Lindeman (born November 2, 1984), also known by the name Tamara Hope, is a Canadian actress and musician. Her starring roles include Guinevere Jones and The Nickel Children, as well as a recurring role on CTV's Whistler as Leah McLure. In her music career, in which she is credited as Tamara Lindeman, she has worked with the band Bruce Peninsula and has her own music project, The Weather Station.", "Q193391": "A diplomat (from Ancient Greek: \u03b4\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1; romanized diploma) is a person appointed by a state or an intergovernamental institution such as the United Nations or the European Union to conduct diplomacy with one or more other States or international organizations.\nThe main functions of diplomats are: representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending State; initiation and facilitation of strategic agreements; treaties and conventions; promotion of information; trade and commerce; technology; and friendly relations. Seasoned diplomats of international repute are used in international organizations (for example, the United Nations, the world's largest diplomatic forum) as well as multinational companies for their experience in management and negotiating skills. Diplomats are members of foreign services and diplomatic corps of various nations of the world.\nDiplomats are the oldest form of any of the foreign policy institutions of a state, predating by centuries foreign ministers and ministerial offices. They usually have diplomatic immunity, and in their official travels they usually use a diplomatic passport or, for UN officials, a United Nations laissez-passer.", "Q377911": "For the 19th-century politician, see Charles Lamy (New York).Charles Lamy (28 August 1857 \u2013 15 June 1940) was a French actor. He was often cast to play aristocratic characters.Lamy was born in Lyon, France and died in Orl\u00e9ans in 1940.", "Q86772": "Guido Schmidt (15 January 1901 \u2013 5 December 1957) was an Austrian diplomat and politician, who served as Foreign Minister from 1936 to 1938.", "Q296537": "Blake Clark (born February 2, 1946) is an American stand-up comedian, actor and voice actor, who is perhaps best known as Chet Hunter on Boy Meets World and Harry \"the Hardware Store Guy\" on Home Improvement. Clark has voiced Slinky Dog in the Toy Story franchise starting with 2010's Toy Story 3, having inherited the role from his close friend Jim Varney, who died in 2000.", "Q160219": "Stephenie Meyer (; n\u00e9e Morgan; born December 24, 1973) is an American novelist. She is best known for her vampire romance series Twilight, which has sold over 100 million copies, with translations into 37 different languages. Meyer was the bestselling author of 2008 and 2009 in the U.S., having sold over 29 million books in 2008, and 26.5 million in 2009. Meyer received the 2009 Children's Book of the Year award from the British Book Awards for her Twilight series finale Breaking Dawn.\nAn avid young reader, she attended Brigham Young University, marrying at the age of twenty-one, before graduating with a degree in English in 1997. With no prior experience as an author, the idea for the Twilight series came to her in a dream. Influenced by the work of Jane Austen and William Shakespeare, she wrote Twilight soon thereafter. After many rejections, Little, Brown and Company offered her a $750,000 three-book deal which led to a four-book series, several spin-off novels and novellas, and a series of commercially successful film adaptations. Aside from young adult novels, Meyer has ventured into adult novels with The Host (2008) and The Chemist (2016). Meyer has worked in film production and has her own production company, Fickle Fish Films. Meyer produced both parts of Breaking Dawn including two other novel adaptations.\nMeyer is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which she considers her greatest influence. Consequently, her views have shaped her novels; there are no drinking, smoking, or explicit sex scenes in her novels and the characters Edward and Bella in her Twilight series remain sexually abstinent until marriage. Furthermore, Mormon themes, including agency, mortality, temptation, and eternal life are prominent in her work.\nMeyer's work has been criticized for her overly-simplistic writing style and feminists have questioned the emphasis Meyer puts on romantic relationships and traditional gender roles in her novels. Despite this criticism, Meyer considers herself a feminist. Meyer's stories have also received praise and she has acquired a fan following. Meyer was ranked No. 49 on Time magazine's list of the \"100 Most Influential People in 2008\", and was included in the Forbes Celebrity 100 list of the world's most powerful celebrities in 2009, at No. 26. Her annual earnings exceeded $50 million.\n\n", "Q96561": "Fritz Schmidt (19 November 1903 in Eisbergen, nowadays part of Porta Westfalica, Westphalia \u2013 20 June 1943 in Chartres) was the German Commissioner-General for Political Affairs and Propaganda in the occupied Netherlands between 1940 and 1943, one of four assistants to the Governor-General, Arthur Seyss-Inquart. He is regarded as a compromiser and promoted the interests of Anton Mussert and the Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging (NSB).Schmidt died on June 26, 1943, after he \"fell, jumped, or was pushed out, of a train\" and was succeeded by Wilhelm Ritterbusch.", "Q6041": "Wolfenb\u00fcttel is a district in southeastern Lower Saxony, Germany. Neighboring districts are (clockwise from the north) the district-free City of Braunschweig, the district of Helmstedt, the district of Harz in Saxony-Anhalt, and the districts of Goslar, Hildesheim and Peine. The district-free city of Salzgitter cuts through the district of Wolfenb\u00fcttel in the southwest.", "Q9372": "Sima Qian ([s\u0268\u0301m\u00e0 t\u0255\u02b0j\u025b\u0301n]; traditional Chinese: \u53f8\u99ac\u9077; simplified Chinese: \u53f8\u9a6c\u8fc1; pinyin: S\u012bm\u01ce Qi\u00e1n; c. 145 \u2013 c. 86 BC) was a Chinese historian of the early Han dynasty (206 BC \u2013 AD 220). He is considered the father of Chinese historiography for his Records of the Grand Historian, a general history of China in the Jizhuanti style (\u7d00\u50b3\u9ad4) covering more than two thousand years beginning from the rise of the legendary Yellow Emperor and the formation of the first Chinese polity to the reigning sovereign of Sima Qian's time, Emperor Wu of Han. As the first universal history of the world as it was known to the ancient Chinese, the Records of the Grand Historian served as a model for official history-writing for subsequent Chinese dynasties up until the 20th century.Sima Qian's father Sima Tan (\u53f8\u99ac\u8ac7) first conceived of the ambitious project of writing a complete history of China, but only completed some preparatory sketches at the time of his death. After inheriting his father's position as court historian in the imperial court, he was determined to fulfill his father's dying wish of composing and putting together this epic work of history. However, in 99 BC, he would fall victim to the Li Ling affair for speaking out in defense of the general, who was blamed for an unsuccessful campaign against the Xiongnu. Given the choice of being executed or castrated, he chose the latter in order to finish his historical work. Although he is universally remembered for the Records, surviving works indicate that he was also a gifted poet and prose writer, and he was instrumental in the creation of the Taichu calendar, which was officially promulgated in 104 BC.\nAs his position in the imperial court was \"Grand Historian\" (t\u00e0ish\u01d0 \u592a\u53f2, variously translated as court historian, scribe, or astronomer/astrologer), later generations would accord him with the honorific title of \"Lord Grand Historian\" (T\u00e0ish\u01d0 G\u014dng \u592a\u53f2\u516c) for his monumental work, though his magnum opus was completed many years after his tenure as Grand Historian ended in disgrace and after his acceptance of punitive actions against him, including imprisonment, castration, and subjection to servility. He was acutely aware of the importance of his work to posterity and its relationship to his own personal suffering. In the postface of the Records, he implicitly compared his universal history of China to the classics of his day, the Guoyu by Zuoqiu Ming, Lisao by Qu Yuan, and the Art of War by Sun Bin, pointing out that their authors all suffered great personal misfortunes before their lasting monumental works could come to fruition.\n\n", "Q3570695": "Ignace Xavier Morand Hommaire de Hell, often known as Xavier Hommaire de Hell, (24 November 1812 in Altkirch \u2013 29 August 1848 in Isfahan) was a French geographer, engineer and traveller who carried out research in Turkey, southern Russia and Persia.", "Q88987": "Gerhard T. Buchholz (1 January 1898 \u2013 30 November 1970) was a German screenwriter, film producer and director. He wrote for 22 films between 1937 and 1963. He was a member of the jury at the 8th Berlin International Film Festival.\n\n", "Q483407": "The Ramones were an American punk rock band that formed in the New York City neighborhood of Forest Hills, Queens in 1974. They are often cited as the first true punk rock group. Despite achieving only limited commercial success initially, the band was highly influential in the United States and the United Kingdom.\nAll of the band members adopted pseudonyms ending with the surname \"Ramone\", although none of them were biologically related; they were inspired by Paul McCartney of The Beatles, who would check into hotels as \"Paul Ramon\". They performed 2,263 concerts, touring virtually nonstop for 22 years. In 1996, after a tour with the Lollapalooza music festival, the band played a farewell concert and disbanded. By 2014, all four of the band's original members had died \u2013 lead singer Joey Ramone (1951\u20132001), bassist Dee Dee Ramone (1951\u20132002), guitarist Johnny Ramone (1948\u20132004) and drummer Tommy Ramone (1949\u20132014). The remaining surviving members of the Ramones \u2013 bassist C. J. Ramone and drummers Marky Ramone, Richie Ramone and Elvis Ramone \u2013 are still active as musicians.\nRecognition of the band's importance built over the years, and they are now mentioned in many assessments of all-time great rock music, such as number 26 in the Rolling Stone magazine list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\" and number 17 in VH1's \"100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock\". In 2002, the Ramones were ranked the second-greatest band of all time by Spin, trailing only the Beatles. On March 18, 2002, the original four members and Tommy's replacement on drums, Marky Ramone, were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on their first year of eligibility, though Joey had died by then. In 2011, the group was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.", "Q878228": "Oskar Baum (January 21, 1883 in Pilsen \u2013 March 20, 1941 in Prague) was a Czech music educator and writer. Baum was the son of a Jewish cloth goods merchant in Prague. He suffered with vision problems from the time of his birth. At eight, he lost the sight in one eye and at the age of eleven, during a scuffle, he lost his sight completely. Since he could no longer participate in the school, the class teacher sent him to Vienna to the Israelite Institute for the Blind, a high school. There he trained as a music consultant and learned the organ and piano. In 1902, he put aside his teaching degree and returned to Prague. Baum earned his living as an organist and cantor in a synagogue; later he became a piano teacher.\nIn 1904, Baum made the acquaintance of Max Brod and Ludwig Winder with Franz Kafka and Felix Weltsch. The four became close friends with Baum, and after Baum's marriage to Margaret Schnabel, the couple\u2019s apartment became the meeting place of the Prague Circle. Here, the friends engaged in reading each other's literary texts, but they were also enthusiastic about exploring foreign texts and chamber music. During this time, a lively correspondence between Kafka and Baum began.", "Q95068": "Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland (; born July 1, 1916) is a British-American actress. The major works of her cinematic career spanned from 1935 to 1988. She appeared in 49 feature films, was one of the leading actors of her time, and is among the last surviving movie stars of Classical Hollywood cinema. Her younger sister was actress Joan Fontaine.\nDe Havilland first came to prominence as a screen couple with Errol Flynn in adventure films such as Captain Blood (1935) and The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). One of her best-known roles is Melanie Hamilton in the film classic Gone with the Wind (1939), for which she received her first of five Oscar nominations, the only one for Best Supporting Actress. De Havilland departed from ing\u00e9nue roles in the 1940s and later received acclaim for her performances in Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946), The Snake Pit (1948), and The Heiress (1949), receiving nominations for Best Actress for each, winning for To Each His Own and The Heiress. She was also successful in work on stage and television. De Havilland has lived in Paris since the 1950s, and received honours such as the National Medal of the Arts, the L\u00e9gion d'honneur, and the appointment to Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire.\nIn addition to her film career, de Havilland continued her work in the theatre, appearing three times on Broadway, in Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candida (1952), and A Gift of Time (1962). She also worked in television, appearing in the successful miniseries, Roots: The Next Generations (1979), and Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986), for which she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Television Movie or Series. During her film career, de Havilland also collected two New York Film Critics Circle Awards, the National Board of Review Award for Best Actress, and the Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup. For her contributions to the motion picture industry, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q2960454": "Sir Charles William Oatley OBE, FRS FREng (14 February 1904 \u2013 11 March 1996) was Professor of Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, 1960\u20131971, and developer of one of the first commercial scanning electron microscopes. He was also a founder member of the Royal Academy of Engineering.", "Q557642": "Pir Sultan Abdal (ca. 1480\u20131550) was a Turkish Alevi poet, whose direct and clear language as well as the richness of his imagination and the beauty of his verses led him to become loved among the Turkish people. Pir Sultan Abdal reflected the social, cultural and religious life of the people; he was a humanist, and wrote about God, Islam, Prophet Muhammad, Imam Ali, Twelve Imams, resistance, love and peace. He was also rebellious against authoritarian rule which led him into problems with the Ottoman establishment.", "Q256075": "Helen Robson Walton (December 3, 1919 \u2013 April 19, 2007) was a prominent art advocate, dedicated to her community in Bentonville, Arkansas where she instituted a committee for a national museum of arts. After 31 years of activity, the Arkansas Committee on the National Museum for Women in the Arts is the longest standing committee in the state. She was also the wife of Wal-Mart and Sam's Club founder Sam Walton. At one point in her life, she was the richest American and the eleventh-richest woman in the world.", "Q645598": "Alfredo Ferrari (nicknamed Alfredino or Dino) (1932\u20131956) was an Italian automotive engineer and the first son of automaker Enzo Ferrari. He had Duchenne muscular dystrophy and died at the age of 24. After his death, Ferrari named the car fitted with the engine that Alfredo was working on at the time of his death \"Dino\" in his honour.", "Q507075": "Thomas Stanley Matthews (July 21, 1824 \u2013 March 22, 1889), known as Stanley Matthews in adulthood, was an American attorney, soldier, judge and Republican senator from Ohio who became an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from May 1881 to his death in 1889. Matthews was the Court's 46th justice, appointed by President James A. Garfield.", "Q93419": "Count Maurice Benyovszky de Beny\u00f3 et Urban\u00f3 (Hungarian: Benyovszky M\u00e1t\u00e9 M\u00f3ric Mih\u00e1ly Ferenc Szerafin \u00c1gost; Polish: Maurycy Beniowski; Slovak: M\u00f3ric Be\u0148ovsk\u00fd; 20 September 1746 \u2013 24 May 1786) was a renowned military officer, adventurer and writer from the Kingdom of Hungary, who described himself as a Hungarian and a Pole. He is considered a national hero in Hungary, Poland and Slovakia.\nBenyovszky was born and raised in Verb\u00f3, Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Vrbov\u00e9, Slovakia). In 1769, while fighting for the Polish armies under the Bar Confederation, he was captured by the Russians and exiled to Kamchatka. He subsequently escaped and returned to Europe via Macau and Mauritius, arriving in France. In 1773, Benyovszky reached agreement with the French government to establish a trading post on Madagascar. Facing significant problems with the climate, the terrain and the native Sakalava people, he abandoned the trading post in 1776.\nBenyovszky then returned to Europe, joined the Austrian Army and fought in the War of the Bavarian Succession. After a failed venture in Fiume (present-day Rijeka), he travelled to America and obtained financial backing for a second voyage to Madagascar. The French governor of Mauritius sent a small armed force to close down his operation, and Benyovszky was killed in May 1786.\nIn 1790, Benyovszky's posthumous and largely fictitious account of his adventures (entitled Memoirs and Travels of Mauritius Augustus Count de Benyowsky) was published to great success.", "Q1813840": "Allen/Lande or Allen-Lande was an international hard rock/heavy metal supergroup formed in 2005 by Italian record company Frontiers. Although the band was originally from Italy, none of the band members are Italian. It takes its name from its two singers, Symphony X vocalist Russell Allen and former Masterplan vocalist J\u00f8rn Lande.The project started with Swedish guitarist Magnus Karlsson (Primal Fear, Starbreaker, Last Tribe) as producer, main instrumentalist and songwriter. Together with drummer Jaime Salazar, the quatuor released three albums: The Battle (2005), The Revenge (2007), and The Showdown (2010). In 2013, Timo Tolkki (ex-Stratovarius) and Jami Huovinen replaced Karlsson and Salazar, leading to the album The Great Divide (2014).In 2019, Lande announced that there would be no more Allen/Lande albums, citing his own lack of enthusiasm: \"Originally there was never going to be more than one Allen/Lande album from my side, but since it got popular me and Russell agreed to do another one. After this I thought maybe maximum three since it was more of a side project. After The Great Divide which was done together with Timo Tolkki, I felt it was time to call it the day. I also noticed that there were several other releases coming out with similar style but with different singers, and so the whole thing started becoming a bit too fabricated to me.\" Allen went forward with another collaboration, Allen/Olzon, this time with former Nightwish singer Anette Olzon. Their debut album, Worlds Apart, was released on 6 March 2020.", "Q551233": "Anja Reschke (born October 7, 1972), is a German journalist.", "Q4656": "Pula (Croatian pronunciation: [p\u01d4\u02d0la] (listen); Italian and Istro-Romanian: Pola, Slovene: Pulj) is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia and the eighth largest city in the country, situated at the southern tip of the Istrian peninsula, with a population of 57,460 in 2011. It is known for its multitude of ancient Roman buildings, the most famous of which is the Pula Arena, one of the best preserved Roman amphitheaters, and its beautiful sea. The city has a long tradition of wine making, fishing, shipbuilding, and tourism. It was the administrative centre of Istria from ancient Roman times until superseded by Pazin in 1991.\n\n", "Q181795": "The Empire Strikes Back, also known as Star Wars: Episode V \u2013 The Empire Strikes Back, is a 1980 American epic space opera film directed by Irvin Kershner and written by Leigh Brackett and Lawrence Kasdan, based on a story by George Lucas. Produced by Lucasfilm, it is the second film in the Star Wars film series (albeit the fifth chronologically) and the sequel to Star Wars (1977). Set three years after the events of the first film, the Galactic Empire, under the leadership of Darth Vader and the Emperor, pursues Luke Skywalker and the rest of the Rebel Alliance. While Vader relentlessly pursues Luke's friends\u2014Han Solo, Princess Leia, Chewbacca, and C-3PO\u2014Luke studies the Force under Jedi Master Yoda. The ensemble cast includes Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Billy Dee Williams, Anthony Daniels, David Prowse, Kenny Baker, Peter Mayhew, and Frank Oz.\nFollowing the success of Star Wars, Lucas hired Brackett to write the sequel; after her death in 1978, he outlined the Star Wars saga as a whole and wrote next draft himself, before hiring Kasdan. Lucas chose not to direct due to his obligations at Industrial Light & Magic and handling the financing, and passed the duty to Kershner, his former professor. Filmed from March to September 1979, The Empire Strikes Back faced a difficult production that included actor injuries, a set fire, and fines from the Writers and Directors Guilds of America. The initial budget was $18 million, but ballooned to $33 million by the time production concluded, making it one of the most expensive films ever made at the time.\nThe Empire Strikes Back premiered at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. on May 17, 1980, and was released in the United States on May 21, 1980. The film became the highest-grossing film of 1980. Though it was met with divided reviews, it is now regarded as the best film in the Star Wars saga and one of the greatest films ever made. The film has grossed over $547 million worldwide from its original run and several rereleases. Adjusted for inflation, it is the second-highest-grossing sequel of all time and the thirteenth highest-grossing film of all time in North America. In 2010, the film was selected for preservation in the United States' National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".\nThe Empire Strikes Back had a significant impact on filmmaking and popular culture, being regarded as a rare example of a sequel that transcends the original. The climax, in which Vader reveals to Luke that he is his father, is often cited as one of the greatest plot twists in cinematic history. The Empire Strikes Back was followed by Return of the Jedi in 1983. The two films, alongside the original Star Wars, comprise the original Star Wars trilogy.", "Q122994": "France Marguerite Ellegaard (October 10, 1913 \u2013 April 17, 1999) was a Danish-born Finnish pianist and music educator, considered one of the 20th century's great concert pianists.The daughter of cyclist Thorvald Ellegaard and Karen Kirstine Nicolaysen, she was born in Paris. Ellegaard studied at the Paris Conservatory and gave her first Danish performance in Copenhagen in 1927. She performed throughout Scandinavia and in the music capitals of Europe. Following the German invasion of Denmark in 1940, she remained in Denmark and then, in 1943, went to Sweden as a political refugee. She married Finnish painter Birger Carlstedt in 1949 and became a Finnish citizen. From 1961 to 1965, she performed in a trio with Anja Ignatius and Pentti Rautawaara.Ellegaard received a medal from the French Academic Society of Letters, Arts and Sciences in 1933. She received the Danish Tagea Brandt Rejselegat (travel scholarship) in 1936.From 1969 to 1975, Ellegaard taught piano at the Sibelius Academy.She died at Espoo in Finland.", "Q58768": "Hartmann Schedel (13 February 1440 \u2013 28 November 1514) was a German historian, physician, humanist, and one of the first cartographers to use the printing press. He was born and died in Nuremberg. Matheolus Perusinus served as his tutor. \nSchedel is best known for his writing the text for the Nuremberg Chronicle, known as Schedelsche Weltchronik (English: Schedel's World Chronicle), published in 1493 in Nuremberg. It was commissioned by Sebald Schreyer (1446\u20131520) and Sebastian Kammermeister (1446\u20131503). Maps in the Chronicle were the first ever illustrations of many cities and countries.\nWith the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in 1447, it became feasible to print books and maps for a larger customer basis. Because they had to be handwritten, books were previously rare and very expensive.\nSchedel was also a notable collector of books, art and old master prints. An album he had bound in 1504, which once contained five engravings by Jacopo de' Barbari, provides important evidence for dating de' Barbari's work.\n\n", "Q707967": "Simon Green (born 30 March 1976), known by his stage name Bonobo, is a British musician, producer, and DJ based in Los Angeles. He debuted with a trip hop aesthetic, and has since explored more upbeat approaches as well as jazz and world music influences. His tranquil electronic sound incorporates the use of organic instrumentation, and is recreated by a full band in live performances. \nGreen's work has attained a cult following, and he has collaborated with a variety of other artists.", "Q206124": "Midnight in Paris is a 2011 fantasy comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen. Set in Paris, the film follows Gil Pender, a screenwriter, who is forced to confront the shortcomings of his relationship with his materialistic fianc\u00e9e and their divergent goals, which become increasingly exaggerated as he travels back in time each night at midnight. The movie explores themes of nostalgia and modernism.\nProduced by the Spanish group Mediapro and Allen's US-based Gravier Productions, the film stars Owen Wilson, Rachel McAdams, Kathy Bates, Adrien Brody, Carla Bruni, Marion Cotillard, and Michael Sheen. It premiered at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and was released in the United States on May 20, 2011. The film opened to critical acclaim and has is considered one of Allen's best films in recent years. In 2012, it won the Oscar for Best Original Screenplay and the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay. It was nominated for three other Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director and Best Art Direction.", "Q55284721": "The Amish Outlaws are an American cover band from Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The band was formed in 2002 and is composed of three ex-Amish and three \"honorary Amish\" musicians.\n\n", "Q508420": "Hanna Krall (born 1935), is a Polish writer with a degree in journalism from the Warsaw University, specializing among other subjects in the history of the Holocaust in occupied Poland.", "Q230496": "Fireflies in the Garden is a 2008 American drama film written and directed by Dennis Lee and starring Willem Dafoe, Ryan Reynolds, and Julia Roberts. It premiered at the 2008 Berlin International Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States on October 14, 2011.\nFireflies in the Garden is set in the present day, and revolves around three generations of a family, with numerous memories of their childhood to their growing up. A major focus is on domineering father Charles and his strained relationships with son Michael, sister-in-law Jane and other family members.\nA terrible accident on the way to a family reunion with Charles and wife Lisa at Jane's house, and the ensuing funeral set the scene for Michael to discover/uncover much about the inner lives and affairs of this family and finding a route to reconciliation.\n\n", "Q557124": "Sergei Nikolayevich Glinka (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043a\u0430, IPA: [s\u02b2\u026ar\u02c8\u0261\u02b2ej n\u02b2\u026ak\u0250\u02c8laj\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 \u02c8\u0261l\u02b2ink\u0259] (listen); 1774\u20131847) was a minor Russian author of the Romantic period.", "Q135230": "Bullet to the Head is a 2012 American action film directed by Walter Hill. The screenplay by Alessandro Camon was based on the French graphic novel Du plomb dans la t\u00eate written by Matz and illustrated by Colin Wilson. The film stars Sylvester Stallone, Sung Kang, Sarah Shahi, Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, Christian Slater, and Jason Momoa. Alexandra Milchan, Alfred Gough, Miles Millar, and Kevin King-Templeton produced the film. The movie follows a hitman (Stallone) and a cop (Kang) who are forced to work together to bring down a corrupt businessman (Akinnuoye-Agbaje) after they are targeted by the businessman's assassin (Momoa).\nThe film had an exclusive test screening at the International Rome Film Festival on November 14, 2012. and was officially released in US theatres on February 1, 2013. The film received mixed reviews and was a box office bomb.\n\n", "Q999968": "Stanley Dural, Jr. (November 14, 1947 \u2013 September 24, 2016), better known by his stage name Buckwheat Zydeco, was an American accordionist and zydeco musician. He was one of the few zydeco artists to achieve mainstream success. His music group was formally billed as Buckwheat Zydeco and Ils Sont Partis Band (\"Ils Sont Partis\" being French for \"They have left\"), but they often performed as merely Buckwheat Zydeco.\nThe New York Times said: \u201cStanley \u2018Buckwheat\u2019 Dural leads one of the best bands in America. A down-home and high-powered celebration, meaty and muscular with a fine-tuned sense of dynamics\u2026propulsive rhythms, incendiary performances.\u201d USA Today called him \u201ca zydeco trailblazer.\u201d\nBuckwheat Zydeco performed with famous musicians such as Eric Clapton (with whom he also recorded), U2 and the Boston Pops. The band performed at the closing ceremonies of the 1996 Summer Olympics to a worldwide audience of three billion people. Buckwheat performed for President Clinton twice, celebrating both of his inaugurations. The band appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman, CNN, The Today Show, MTV, NBC News, CBS Morning News, National Public Radio\u2019s Mountain Stage, and Late Night with Jimmy Fallon.", "Q4893646": "Bernard Charles \"Barry\" Sherman, (February 25, 1942 \u2013 December 13, 2017) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist who was chairman and CEO of Apotex Inc. With an estimated net worth of US$3.2 billion at the time of his death, according to Forbes, Sherman was the 12th-wealthiest Canadian. Another publication, Canadian Business, stated his fortune at CAN$4.77 billion, ranking him the 15th richest in Canada.Sherman, a University of Toronto graduate with a doctorate in engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, got his start in the pharmaceutical business in the 1960s, when the estate of his uncle Louis Lloyd Winter let him run Empire Laboratories, the late uncle's drug company. This eventually led Sherman to form Apotex, where he earned a reputation among both competitors and government regulators for extreme combativeness, often including litigation. His four cousins, who were supposed to have received 5 percent stakes in Empire, later sued Sherman unsuccessfully over his sale of Empire.\nIn 1971 he married his wife Honey, who would later rise to prominence in Canadian philanthropy, serving on the boards of several prominent charities. The two were found slain in their home late in 2017 by unknown assailants, according to the Toronto Police, who are investigating the case. As of April 2019, the police said they had a \"working theory\" of the case, and an \"idea of what happened.\"", "Q322938": "The State Academy of Fine Arts Karlsruhe, German: Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden K\u00fcnste Karlsruhe, is an academy of arts in Karlsruhe, in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in south-western Germany. It is one of the smaller German art schools, with an average of 300 students.\nIt was founded in 1854 by Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden. The first director was the painter of landscapes Johann Wilhelm Schirmer. Today the artist Ernst Caramelle leads it. Although the Academy of Fine Arts Karlsruhe is the smallest one in Germany, it is known as one of the most significant, consistently highly rated, because it maintains a faculty with high international reputation. \nAt the State Academy of Fine Arts Karlsruhe one can study all kinds of free Fine Art, (sculpture, painting, graphic, video etc.) but also become a teacher at a German high-school (German: Gymnasium).\nThe Academy is placed in three different buildings spread over the city of Karlsruhe (including the castle Scheibenhardt).", "Q41239": "Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0426\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, IPA: [k\u0259nst\u0250n\u02b2\u02c8t\u02b2in \u026ad\u028a\u02c8ard\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 ts\u0268\u0250l\u02c8kofsk\u02b2\u026aj] (listen); 17 September [O.S. 5 September] 1857\n \u2013 19 September 1935)\nwas a Russian and Soviet of Polish descent rocket scientist and pioneer of the astronautic theory. Along with the French Robert Esnault-Pelterie, the German Hermann Oberth and the American Robert H. Goddard, he is considered to be one of the founding fathers of modern rocketry and astronautics. His works later inspired leading Soviet rocket engineers such as Sergei Korolev and Valentin Glushko and contributed to the success of the Soviet space program.\nTsiolkovsky spent most of his life in a log house on the outskirts of Kaluga, about 200 km (120 mi) southwest of Moscow. A recluse by nature, his unusual habits made him seem bizarre to his fellow townsfolk.\n\n", "Q863608": "Hiroshi Kume (\u4e45\u7c73 \u5b8f, Kume Hiroshi, born July 14, 1944 in Saitama Prefecture) is a Japanese television and radio presenter, journalist, author, and goodwill ambassador for Germany. He is the host of the TBS radio talk show Kume Hiroshi Radio Nandesukedo.\nFrom 1978 to 1985, he served as host of pop music show The Best Ten. From October 1985 to March 2004, he was the anchor for TV Asahi's news program News Station.", "Q192931": "Pausanias (; Greek: \u03a0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 Pausan\u00edas; c.\u2009110 \u2013 c.\u2009180) was a Greek traveler and geographer of the second-century AD, who lived in the time of Roman emperors Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius. He is famous for his Description of Greece (Ancient Greek: \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, Hellados Periegesis), a lengthy work that describes ancient Greece from his first-hand observations. This work provides crucial information for making links between classical literature and modern archaeology. Andrew Stewart assesses him as:\n\n A careful, pedestrian writer ... interested not only in the grandiose or the exquisite but in unusual sights and obscure ritual. He is occasionally careless or makes unwarranted inferences, and his guides or even his own notes sometimes mislead him, yet his honesty is unquestionable, and his value without par.", "Q370918": "Keith David Williams (born June 4, 1956) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and singer. He is well known for his work as King in Platoon and Childs in The Thing. He has acted in mainstream films, such as Crash, There's Something About Mary, Barbershop and Men at Work.\nDavid has had memorable roles in numerous cult favorites, including Frank in They Live, Abu \"Imam\" al-Walid in Pitch Black and its sequel The Chronicles of Riddick, General Kimsey in Armageddon and Big Tim in Darren Aronofsky's Requiem for a Dream. He starred as Elroy Patashnik in the sixth season of the NBC series Community. In 2016, he began starring as Bishop James Greenleaf in the Oprah Winfrey Network drama Greenleaf.\nHis Emmy\u2013winning voice-over career includes work as the narrator of Ken Burns films such as The War. Characters that he has voiced include the Arbiter in the Halo series, Goliath on Gargoyles, Al Simmons / Spawn on Todd McFarlane's Spawn, a role he reprised in the fighting game Mortal Kombat 11, David Anderson in the Mass Effect series, Julius Little and himself in the Saints Row series, Sergeant Foley in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, Dr. Facilier in The Princess and the Frog, Chaos in Dissidia Final Fantasy and 012, the Flame King in Adventure Time, Solovar in The Flash and the President in Rick and Morty.", "Q129619": "Lavrente Indico Diaz (born December 30, 1958) is a Filipino filmmaker and former film critic. He is known as one of the key members of the slow cinema movement, having made several of the longest narrative films on record. Although he had been making films since the late 1990s, Diaz didn't attract much public attention outside of the Philippines and the festival circuit until the release of his 2013 film Norte, the End of History, which was entered into the Un Certain Regard section of the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. His three subsequent films have received much critical attention and many awards, with 2014's From What Is Before earning him the Golden Leopard at the 2014 Locarno International Film Festival as well as a nomination for the Asian Film Award for Best Director, 2016's A Lullaby to the Sorrowful Mystery competing for the Golden Bear at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival and winning the Alfred Bauer Prize, and 2016's The Woman Who Left competing at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival and winning the Golden Lion. His most recent film, Season of the Devil, competed at the 68th Berlin International Film Festival and it won Best Film (Gems Section) at the Cartagena Film Festival.", "Q14576": "Schwarzenberg is a municipality in the district of Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.", "Q448776": "Lisa See is an American writer and novelist. Her books include On Gold Mountain: The One-Hundred-Year Odyssey of My Chinese-American Family (1995), a detailed account of See's family history, and the novels Flower Net (1997), The Interior (1999), Dragon Bones (2003), Snow Flower and the Secret Fan (2005), Peony in Love (2007) and Shanghai Girls (2009), which made it to the 2010 New York Times bestseller list. Both Shanghai Girls and Snow Flower and the Secret Fan received honorable mentions from the Asian/Pacific American Awards for Literature. \nSee's novel, The Tea Girl of Hummingbird Lane (2017), is a powerful story about circumstances, culture, and distance among the Akha people of Xishuangbanna, China. It paints an unforgettable portrait of a little known region and its people and celebrates the bond of family.\nSee's most recent novel, The Island of Sea Women, is a story about female friendship and family secrets on Jeju Island before, during and in the aftermath of the Korean War. It was released on March 5, 2019.\nFlower Net, The Interior, and Dragon Bones make up the Red Princess mystery series. Snow Flower and the Secret Fan and Peony in Love focus on the lives of Chinese women in the 19th and 17th centuries respectively. Shanghai Girls (2009) chronicles the lives of two sisters who come to Los Angeles in arranged marriages and face, among other things, the pressures put on Chinese-Americans during the anti-Communist mania of the 1950s. See completed a sequel titled Dreams of Joy, released in May 2011. China Dolls (June 2014) deals with Chinese American nightclub performers of the 1930s and 1940s.\nWriting under the pen name Monica Highland, See, her mother Carolyn See, and John Espey, published two novels: Lotus Land (1983), 110 Shanghai Road (1986), and Greetings from Southern California (1988), a collection of early 20th Century postcards and commentary on the history they represent. She has a personal essay (\"The Funeral Banquet\") included in the anthology Half and Half.See has donated her personal papers (1973\u20132001) to UCLA. During the 2012 Golden Dragon Chinese New Year Parade in Los Angeles Chinatown, See served as the Grand Marshal.", "Q86014": "Friedrich Burmeister (born 24 March 1888 in Wittenberge; died 25 July 1968 in East Berlin) was minister for post and telecommunication in the DDR.", "Q7392802": "SRC (Street Records Corporation) is an American record label created by former Loud Records CEO Steve Rifkind. It was a subsidiary of Universal Music Group and was distributed through Republic Records.", "Q121245": "Hedwig Dransfeld (24 February 1871 \u2013 13 March 1925) was a German Catholic feminist, writer and member of parliament.", "Q1048": "Gaius Julius Caesar ( SEE-z\u0259r, Latin: [\u02c8\u0261a\u02d0\u026a.\u028as \u02c8ju\u02d0l\u026a.\u028as \u02c8kae\u032fsar]; 12 July 100 BC \u2013 15 March 44 BC), better known by his nomen gentilicium and cognomen Julius Caesar, was a Roman statesman and military general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. He was also a historian and author of Latin prose.\nIn 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus and Pompey formed the First Triumvirate, a political alliance that dominated Roman politics for several years. Their attempts to amass power as Populares were opposed by the Optimates within the Roman Senate, among them Cato the Younger with the frequent support of Cicero. Caesar rose to become one of the most powerful politicians in the Roman Republic through a number of his accomplishments, notably his victories in the Gallic Wars, completed by 51 BC. During this time, Caesar became the first Roman general to cross both the English Channel and the Rhine River, when he built a bridge across the Rhine and crossed the Channel to invade Britain. Caesar's wars extended Rome's territory to Britain and past Gaul. These achievements granted him unmatched military power and threatened to eclipse the standing of Pompey, who had realigned himself with the Senate after the death of Crassus in 53 BC. With the Gallic Wars concluded, the Senate ordered Caesar to step down from his military command and return to Rome. Leaving his command in Gaul meant losing his immunity from being charged as a criminal for waging unsanctioned wars. As a result, Caesar found himself with no other options but to cross the Rubicon with the 13th Legion in 49 BC, leaving his province and illegally entering Roman Italy under arms. This began Caesar's civil war, and his victory in the war by 45 BC put him in an unrivaled position of power and influence.\nAfter assuming control of government, Caesar began a program of social and governmental reforms, including the creation of the Julian calendar. He gave citizenship to many residents of far regions of the Roman Republic. He initiated land reform and support for veterans. He centralized the bureaucracy of the Republic and was eventually proclaimed \"dictator for life\" (Latin: \"dictator perpetuo\"), giving him additional authority. His populist and authoritarian reforms angered the elites, who began to conspire against him. On the Ides of March (15 March), 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated by a group of rebellious senators led by Gaius Cassius Longinus, Marcus Junius Brutus and Decimus Junius Brutus, who stabbed him to death. A new series of civil wars broke out and the constitutional government of the Republic was never fully restored. Caesar's adopted heir Octavian, later known as Augustus, rose to sole power after defeating his opponents in the civil war. Octavian set about solidifying his power, and the era of the Roman Empire began.\nMuch of Caesar's life is known from his own accounts of his military campaigns and from other contemporary sources, mainly the letters and speeches of Cicero and the historical writings of Sallust. The later biographies of Caesar by Suetonius and Plutarch are also major sources. Caesar is considered by many historians to be one of the greatest military commanders in history. His cognomen was subsequently adopted as a synonym for \"Emperor\"; the title \"Caesar\" was used throughout the Roman Empire, giving rise to modern cognates such as Kaiser and Tsar. He has frequently appeared in literary and artistic works, and his political philosophy, known as Caesarism, inspired politicians into the modern era.", "Q25973": "Hermann Karl Hesse (German: [\u02c8h\u025b\u0281man \u02c8h\u025bs\u0259]; 2 July 1877 \u2013 9 August 1962) was a German-born Swiss poet, novelist, and painter. His best-known works include Demian, Steppenwolf, Siddhartha, and The Glass Bead Game, each of which explores an individual's search for authenticity, self-knowledge and spirituality. In 1946, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Q926426": "Kozan (formerly Sis Armenian: \u054d\u056b\u057d) is a city in Adana Province, Turkey, 68 kilometres (42 miles) northeast of Adana, in the northern section of the \u00c7ukurova plain. The city is the capital of the il\u00e7e (district) of Kozan. The Kilgen River, a tributary of the Ceyhan, flows through Kozan and crosses the plain south into the Mediterranean. The Taurus Mountains rise up sharply behind the town.\nSis was the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, today's Sis (ancient city), now called Kozan Kalesi, was built on a long rocky ridge in the center of the modern city.The population of the city has grown rapidly in recent years, from 15,159 in 1960, to 54,451 in 1990, to 72,463 in 2007 and to 74,521 in 2009 (census figures).", "Q64091": "Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 \u2013 January 18, 1994) was a German-born mycologist and one of the most important taxonomists of gilled mushrooms (agarics) in the 20th century.\nAfter receiving his Ph.D. at the University of Vienna in 1931 he worked in Munich. By 1933, however, Singer left Germany for Vienna due to the political deterioration in Germany. There he met his wife, Martha Singer. From Vienna, Singer and his wife went to Barcelona, Spain, where Singer was appointed Assistant Professor at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. Persecution by the Spanish authorities on behalf of the German government forced Singer to leave Spain for France in 1934. After a fellowship at the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, Singer again moved, this time to Leningrad, where he was Senior Scientific Expert at the Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. During his time at the Academy, Singer made many expeditions to Siberia, the Altai Mountains, and Karelia. In 1941, Singer emigrated to the United States. He was offered a position at Harvard University's Farlow Herbarium as a research associate, then as Assistant Curator, then as acting Curator following the death of Dr. David Linder. He spent a total of seven years at the Farlow. During this time, Singer also received a Guggenheim Fellowship for studies in Florida, and taught at the Mountain Lake Biological Station of the University of Virginia.\nIn 1948, Singer left Harvard to become professor at the Universidad Nacional de Tucuman in Argentina. Later, in 1961, Singer became professor at the Universidad de Buenos Aires. During his time in South America, Singer, his wife, and his daughter Heidi collected extensively. Singer's last faculty appointment was at the University of Illinois at Chicago, from 1968 to 1977.\nSinger was a prolific writer, with more than 400 publications to his name. He was also known for his eagerness to aid other mycologists, whether they were professionals or amateurs.\nHe wrote major books like \"The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy\". He fled to various countries during the Nazi period, pursuing mycology in far-flung places like the Soviet Union, Argentina, and finally the United States, as mycologist at the Field Museum in Chicago.\n\n", "Q106822": "Karl Siegmund von Seckendorff (26 November 1744 - 26 April 1785) was a German military officer, poet, and composer.", "Q90676": "Eberhard Werner Happel (12 August 1647 in Kirchhain \u2013 15 May 1690 in Hamburg) was a German author, novelist, journalist and polymath.\nHappel wrote fiction and nonfiction. He included many aspects of contemporary knowledge in his many works which therefore had an encyclopaedic form and dealt with historical and current political themes, compilations of anecdotes about famous people past and present, descriptions of exotic regions, and popular treatises on natural science.", "Q327840": "Rammellzee (stylized RAMM:\u03a3LL:Z\u03a3\u03a3, pronounced \"Ram: Ell: Zee\"; late 1960 \u2013 June 27, 2010) was a visual artist, gothic futurist \"graffiti writer\", painter, performance artist, hip hop musician, art theoretician, and sculptor from New York City.", "Q7439": "Richard Matthew Stallman (; born March 16, 1953), often known by his initials, rms, and occasionally upper-case RMS, is an American free software movement activist and programmer. He campaigns for software to be distributed in a manner such that its users receive the freedoms to use, study, distribute, and modify that software. Software that ensures these freedoms is termed free software. Stallman launched the GNU Project, founded the Free Software Foundation, developed the GNU Compiler Collection and GNU Emacs, and wrote the GNU General Public License.\nStallman launched the GNU Project in September 1983 to create a Unix-like computer operating system composed entirely of free software. With this, he also launched the free software movement. He has been the GNU project's lead architect and organizer, and developed a number of pieces of widely used GNU software including, among others, the GNU Compiler Collection, GNU Debugger, and GNU Emacs text editor. In October 1985 he founded the Free Software Foundation (FSF). In September 2019, he resigned as president of the FSF and left his \"visiting scientist\" role at MIT. Stallman remains head of the GNU Project.Stallman pioneered the concept of copyleft, which uses the principles of copyright law to preserve the right to use, modify, and distribute free software, and is the main author of free software licenses which describe those terms, most notably the GNU General Public License (GPL), the most widely used free software license.In 1989, he co-founded the League for Programming Freedom. Since the mid-1990s, Stallman has spent most of his time advocating for free software, as well as campaigning against software patents, digital rights management (which he referred to as digital restrictions management, calling the more common term misleading), and other legal and technical systems which he sees as taking away users' freedoms. This has included software license agreements, non-disclosure agreements, activation keys, dongles, copy restriction, proprietary formats, and binary executables without source code.", "Q456548": "Michael King (15 December 1945 \u2013 30 March 2004) was a New Zealand popular historian, author, and biographer. He wrote or edited over 30 books on New Zealand topics, including the best-selling Penguin History of New Zealand, which was the most popular New Zealand book of 2004.", "Q12107": "Breton (, French: [b\u0281\u0259t\u0254\u0303]; brezhoneg [b\u0281e\u02c8z\u00f5\u02d0n\u025bk] (listen) or [br\u0259h\u00f5\u02c8nek] in Morbihan) is a Southwestern Brittonic language of the Celtic language family, spoken in Brittany.\nBreton was brought from Great Britain to Armorica (the ancient name for the coastal region that includes the Brittany peninsula) by migrating Britons during the Early Middle Ages; it is thus an Insular Celtic language, though closely related to the Continental Celtic Gaulish language which had been spoken in pre-Roman Gaul. Breton is most closely related to Cornish, both being Southwestern Brittonic languages. Welsh and the extinct Cumbric are the more distantly related Western Brittonic languages.\nThe other regional language of Brittany, Gallo, is a Romance language descended from Latin (unlike the similarly named Gaulish). As a langue d'o\u00efl, Gallo is a close relative of standard French.\nHaving declined from more than a million speakers around 1950 to about 200,000 in the first decade of the 21st century, Breton is classified as \"severely endangered\" by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. However, the number of children attending bilingual classes has risen 33% between 2006 and 2012 to 14,709.", "Q128507": "Lauren Cohan (born January 7, 1982) is an American-British actress best known for her role as Maggie Greene in the horror television series The Walking Dead (2011\u20132018, 2020). Her other notable TV roles include Bela Talbot in the fantasy-horror series Supernatural (2007\u20132008), Rose in the supernatural series The Vampire Diaries (2010\u20132012), Vivian McArthur Volkoff in the action comedy series Chuck (2007), and Francesca 'Frankie' Trowbridge in the spy drama Whiskey Cavalier (2019). Her film appearances include the comedy Van Wilder: The Rise of Taj (2006), the psychological thriller horror The Boy (2016), the biographical drama All Eyez on Me (2017), and the action thriller Mile 22 (2018).", "Q94438": "Hans Brenner (9 August 1938 \u2013 4 September 1998) was an Austrian actor. He appeared in more than eighty films from 1953 to 1998. He was the father of actor Moritz Bleibtreu.", "Q248505": "Celeste and Jesse Forever is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Lee Toland Krieger. It stars Rashida Jones and Andy Samberg, and was written by Jones and Will McCormack, who also has a role in the film. It was released on August 3, 2012, in New York and Los Angeles.", "Q78490": "Thomas Klestil (German pronunciation: [\u02c8to\u02d0mas \u02c8kl\u025bst\u026al] (listen); 4 November 1932 \u2013 6 July 2004) was an Austrian diplomat and politician. He served as President of Austria in 1992 and was re-elected into office in 1998.", "Q57473": "Joan-Enric Vives i Sic\u00edlia, GCC (born 24 July 1949) is the current Bishop of Urgell, a Catholic diocese, and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra. He holds the rank of archbishop and monarch.", "Q257425": "Gojong (Korean: \uace0\uc885; Hanja: \u9ad8\u5b97; RR: Gojong; MR: Kojong), the Emperor Gwangmu (Korean: \uad11\ubb34\uc81c; Hanja: \u5149\u6b66\u5e1d; RR: Gwangmuje; MR: Kwangmuje; 8 September 1852 \u2013 21 January 1919), was the last king of Joseon and the first Emperor of Korea.", "Q1385000": "Thomas Corwin Mendenhall (October 4, 1841 \u2013 March 23, 1924) was an American autodidact physicist and meteorologist. He was the first professor hired at The Ohio State University in 1873 and the superintendent of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1889 to 1894. Alongside his work, he was also an advocate for the adoption of the metric system by the United States.", "Q933765": "\u00c9tienne-Joseph-Th\u00e9ophile Thor\u00e9 (better known as Th\u00e9ophile Thor\u00e9-B\u00fcrger) (23 June 1807 \u2013 30 April 1869) was a French journalist and art critic. He is best known today for his rediscovery of the work of painter Johannes Vermeer.", "Q16349": "Jackson DeForest Kelley (January 20, 1920 \u2013 June 11, 1999), known to colleagues as \"Dee\", was an American actor, screenwriter, poet, and singer known for his roles in Westerns and as Dr. Leonard \"Bones\" McCoy of the USS Enterprise in the television and film series Star Trek (1966\u20131991).", "Q266820": "Cynthia Jane Williams (born August 22, 1947) is an American actress known for her role as Shirley Feeney on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976\u20131982).", "Q85535": "Martin Kastler (born June 18, 1974 in Nuremberg) is a German politician of the CSU who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2003 until 2004 and from 2008 until 2014.\n\n", "Q51002": "Jerry John Rawlings (born 22 June 1947) is a former Ghanaian military leader and politician who ruled the country from 1981 to 2001 and also for a brief period in 1979. He led a military junta until 1992 and then served two terms as the democratically elected President of Ghana.Rawlings initially came to power in Ghana as a flight lieutenant of the Ghana Air Force following a coup d'\u00e9tat in 1979 and, after initially handing power over to a civilian government, took back control of the country on 31 December 1981 as the Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council. In 1992, Rawlings resigned from the military, founded the National Democratic Congress, and became the first President of the Fourth Republic. He was re-elected in 1996 for four more years. After two terms in office, the limit according to the Ghanaian Constitution, Rawlings endorsed his vice-president John Atta Mills as presidential candidate in 2000. He currently serves as the African Union envoy to Somalia.", "Q2569": "Karl Carstens (14 December 1914 \u2013 30 May 1992) was a German politician. He served as President of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1979 to 1984.", "Q490453": "Eckernf\u00f6rde (Danish: Egernf\u00f8rde, sometimes also Egernfjord, Low German: Eckernf\u00f6r, sometimes also Eckernf\u00f6\u00f6r) (German pronunciation: [\u025bk\u0250n\u02c8f\u00f8\u02d0\u0250\u032fd\u0259] (listen)) is a German town in Schleswig-Holstein, Kreis Rendsburg-Eckernf\u00f6rde, on the coast of the Baltic Sea approximately 30 km north-west of Kiel. The population is about 23,000. Eckernf\u00f6rde is a popular tourist destination in northern Germany.\n\n", "Q259408": "The 7th arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille, France.", "Q1062623": "Moskovskij Komsomolets (Russian: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0441\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0446, \"Moscow Komsomolets\") is a Moscow-based daily newspaper with a circulation approaching one million, covering general news. Founded in 1919, it is famed for its topical reporting on Russian politics and society.", "Q103972": "Filiz Polat (born 11 July 1978 in Bramsche, Lower Saxony) is a German politician of Turkish descent for the Alliance '90/The Greens.\n\n", "Q860329": "David Gold (born 9 September 1936 in Stepney, East London) is an English businessman. He was the chairman of Birmingham City Football Club until 2009. Since 2010, he has been the joint chairman of West Ham United.", "Q41211": "San Juan (, Spanish: [sa\u014b \u02c8xwan]; \"Saint John\") is the capital and most-populous municipality in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States. As of the 2010 census, it is the 46th-largest city under the jurisdiction of the United States, with a population of 395,326. San Juan was founded by Spanish colonists in 1521, who called it Ciudad de Puerto Rico (\"Rich Port City\"). Puerto Rico's capital is the third oldest European-established capital city in the Americas, after Santo Domingo, in the Dominican Republic, founded in 1496 and Panama City, in Panama, founded in 1519. Several historical buildings are located in San Juan; among the most notable are the city's former defensive forts, Fort San Felipe del Morro and Fort San Crist\u00f3bal, and La Fortaleza, the oldest executive mansion in continuous use in the Americas.\nToday, San Juan is Puerto Rico's most important seaport and is the island's manufacturing, financial, cultural, and tourism center. The population of the Metropolitan Statistical Area, including San Juan and the municipalities of Bayam\u00f3n, Guaynabo, Cata\u00f1o, Can\u00f3vanas, Caguas, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Carolina and Trujillo Alto, is about 2.6 million inhabitants; thus, about 80% of the population of Puerto Rico now lives and works in this area. San Juan is also a principal city of the San Juan-Caguas-Fajardo Combined Statistical Area. The city has been the host of events within the sports community, including the 1979 Pan American Games; 1966 Central American and Caribbean Games; events of the 2006, 2009 and 2013 World Baseball Classics; the Caribbean Series and the Special Olympics and MLB San Juan Series in 2010.\nThe damage caused in 2017 by Hurricane Maria was extensive. Significant progress had been made in the capital by April 2019, and particularly by October 2019. This was significant for tourism, which had rebounded by October of that year and was close to the pre-Maria era.", "Q5206": "Stavropol (, Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c, IPA: [\u02c8stavr\u0259p\u0259l\u02b2]) a city and the administrative center of Stavropol Krai, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 398,539.It was previously known as Voroshilovsk (until January 12, 1943).", "Q10738": "Dwayne Douglas Johnson (born May 2, 1972), also known by his ring name The Rock, is an American-Canadian actor, producer, businessman, and former professional wrestler and football player. He was a professional wrestler for the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) for eight years prior to pursuing an acting career. His films have grossed over $3.5 billion in North America and over $10.5 billion worldwide, making him one of the highest-grossing box-office stars of all time.Johnson was a college football player for the University of Miami, with whom he won a national championship in 1991. He initially aspired for a professional career in football and entered the 1995 NFL Draft, but he went undrafted. As a result, Johnson signed with the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL), but was cut from the team in the middle of his first season. Shortly after, he began training as a professional wrestler.In 1996, Johnson secured a contract with the WWF and was promoted as the first third-generation wrestler in the company's history, as he is the son of Rocky Johnson and grandson of Peter Maivia. He rose to prominence after developing a charismatic persona of a boastful trash-talking wrestler named The Rock. He subsequently won his first WWF Championship in 1998 and helped usher the WWF into the \"Attitude Era\", a boom period in the company's business in the latter 1990s and early 2000s which still hold professional wrestling records for television ratings. In 2004, he left the WWE to pursue an acting career and went on a seven-year hiatus before returning in 2011 as a part-time performer until 2013, before wholly retiring in 2019.\nConsidered to be one of the greatest professional wrestlers and biggest draws of all-time, The Rock headlined the most-bought professional wrestling pay-per-view event ever, WrestleMania XXVIII, and was featured in among the most watched episodes of WWE's television shows, WWE Raw and WWE SmackDown. He has won several championships, being a two-time Intercontinental Champion, a five-time tag team champion, and a ten-time world champion. He was also a Royal Rumble match winner and WWE's sixth Triple Crown champion.\nJohnson had his first acting role in The Mummy Returns (2001), and played his first lead role in the spin-off The Scorpion King (2002). He has since starred in numerous other successful films, including The Rundown (2003), Walking Tall (2004), The Game Plan (2007), Get Smart (2008), Race to Witch Mountain (2009), Tooth Fairy (2010), Journey 2: The Mysterious Island (2012), G.I. Joe: Retaliation (2013), Pain & Gain (2013), Hercules (2014), San Andreas (2015), Central Intelligence (2016), Moana (2016), Rampage (2018), and Skyscraper (2018). Johnson's most successful box office role has been Luke Hobbs in The Fast Saga films. He first appeared as the character in Fast Five (2011) and helped catapult the film series into one of the top-grossing movie franchises in history. He starred in the sequels, Fast & Furious 6 (2013), Furious 7 (2015), The Fate of the Furious (2017), and the spin-off film Hobbs & Shaw (2019). Another notable franchise starring Johnson is the Jumanji franchise, currently consisting of Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017) and its sequel Jumanji: The Next Level (2019).\nJohnson starred in the HBO series Ballers, on which he was also a producer, starting in 2015. The show ran for five seasons and was ranked as HBO's most watched comedy in six years. He has also attained success as an author and producer. In 2000, he released an autobiography titled The Rock Says... which debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list. In 2012, he founded the entertainment production company Seven Bucks Productions, which has since produced several films. Consistently ranked among the world's highest paid actors, Johnson made the Time 100 Most Influential People in the World list in both 2016 and 2019.", "Q55264": "Charles Laughton (1 July 1899 \u2013 15 December 1962) was an English stage and film actor. Laughton was trained in London at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and first appeared professionally on the stage in 1926. In 1927, he was cast in a play with his future wife Elsa Lanchester, with whom he lived and worked until his death.\nHe played a wide range of classical and modern parts, making an impact in Shakespeare at the Old Vic. His film career took him to Broadway and then Hollywood, but he also collaborated with Alexander Korda on notable British films of the era, including The Private Life of Henry VIII, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of the title character. He portrayed everything from monsters and misfits to kings. Among Laughton's biggest film hits were The Barretts of Wimpole Street, Mutiny on the Bounty, Ruggles of Red Gap, Jamaica Inn, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, and The Big Clock. Daniel Day-Lewis cited Laughton as one of his inspirations, saying: \"He was probably the greatest film actor who came from that period of time. He had something quite remarkable. His generosity as an actor; he fed himself into that work. As an actor, you cannot take your eyes off him.\"In his later career, he took up stage directing, notably in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial, and George Bernard Shaw's Don Juan in Hell, in which he also starred. He directed one film, the thriller The Night of the Hunter, which after an initially disappointing reception is regarded today as an acclaimed film classic.", "Q150494": "Leopold I (full name: Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician; Hungarian: I. Lip\u00f3t; * 9 June 1640, \u2020 5 May 1705) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. The second son of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, by his first wife, Maria Anna of Spain, Leopold became heir apparent in 1654 by the death of his elder brother Ferdinand IV. Elected in 1658, Leopold ruled the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1705, becoming the longest-ruling Habsburg emperor (at 46 years and 9 months).\nLeopold's reign is known for conflicts with the Ottoman Empire in the east and rivalry with Louis XIV, a contemporary and first cousin, in the west. After more than a decade of warfare, Leopold emerged victorious from the Great Turkish War thanks to the military talents of Prince Eugene of Savoy. By the Treaty of Karlowitz, Leopold recovered almost all of the Kingdom of Hungary, which had fallen under Turkish power in the years after the 1526 Battle of Moh\u00e1cs.\nLeopold fought three wars against France: the Franco-Dutch War, the Nine Years' War, and the War of the Spanish Succession. In this last, Leopold sought to give his younger son the entire Spanish inheritance, disregarding the will of the late Charles II. Leopold started a war that soon engulfed much of Europe. The early years of the war went fairly well for Austria, with victories at Schellenberg and Blenheim, but the war would drag on until 1714, nine years after Leopold's death, which barely had an effect on the warring nations. When peace returned, Austria could not be said to have emerged as triumphant as it had from the war against the Turks.", "Q329845": "Avrom Ber Gotlober (January 14, 1811, Starokonstantinov, Volhynia \u2013 April 12, 1899, Bia\u0142ystok) was a Jewish writer, poet, playwright, historian, journalist and educator from the Russian Empire. He mostly wrote in Hebrew, but also wrote poetry and dramas in Yiddish. His first collection was published in 1835.\nGotlober's last name is often transliterated as Gottlober. He was widely known by his initials, ABG, which in Hebrew and Yiddish are the first three letters, alef-bet-giml.\nABG was a maskil, a leader in the haskalah, the nineteenth-century Jewish Enlightenment in Russia and Eastern Europe. While his literary output is no longer widely known, he was important for several reasons:\n\nAs a teacher in the state-sponsored schools for Jews, where he taught and influenced two founders of Yiddish literature: Mendele Mocher Sforim, whom Sholom Aleichem called \"the zeyde (grandfather) of us all\", and Abraham Goldfaden, the founder of the professional Yiddish theater.\nAs a historian who wrote histories of the Karaites (Bikoret le-toldot ha-Karaim) and of the Hasidism and Kabbalah (Toldot ha-Kabalah veha-Hasidut) that are still cited by scholars.\nAs a social observer and memoirist, who had the fortune to live long enough to describe the social and political conditions of the 1820s and 1830s for audiences of the 1880s. Scholars widely cite his memoirs (Zikhronot u-masaot, or Memoirs and Travels), his contribution to Sholom Aleichem's Yudishe Folks-Bibliothek, and his articles in his own periodical Ha-Boker Or (The Morning Light) and in other periodicals.", "Q476868": "DJ Hollywood (born Anthony Holloway; December 10, 1954) is an American MC and disc jockey.", "Q1000918": "Kaiyuan (simplified Chinese: \u5f00\u539f; traditional Chinese: \u958b\u539f; pinyin: K\u0101iyu\u00e1n; literally: 'Open Plains') is a county-level city in the northeast of Liaoning, People's Republic of China, bordering Jilin for a small section to the north. It is under the administration of Tieling City, the centre of which lies 33 kilometres (21 mi) to the southwest.", "Q87322": "Klaus J. Behrendt (born 7 February 1960 in Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German actor. Since 1992 he has starred in the Westdeutscher Rundfunk version of the popular television crime series Tatort; he also stars in the 2008 film Die Bienen - T\u00f6dliche Bedrohung.", "Q348277": "Carl Frederick Kendall Palmer (born 20 March 1950) is an English drummer and percussionist, credited as one of the most respected rock drummers to emerge from the 1960s. He is a veteran of a number of famous English bands: the Crazy World of Arthur Brown, Atomic Rooster, Emerson, Lake & Palmer, and Asia. Inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1989, he was awarded \"Prog God\" at the 2017 Progressive Music Awards.\n\n", "Q97131": "Kurt Lichtenstein (Born 1 December 1911 Berlin, Died 12 October 1961 inner German border in Kl\u00f6tze) was a communist journalist, and his death was a notable result of the German Democratic Republic's border control policies.\nLichtenstein was the first man shot on the inner German border after the establishment of the Berlin Wall in August 1961. The circumstances were revisited in a criminal trial in 1997. The two defendants were acquitted of manslaughter.", "Q273593": "The \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des beaux-arts (French pronunciation: \u200b[ek\u0254l nasj\u0254nal sype\u0281j\u0153\u0281 de boz\u203fa\u0281]; ENSBA) is a fine arts grand school of PSL Research University in Paris, France.\nThe \u00c9cole des beaux-arts is made up of a complex of buildings located at 14 rue Bonaparte, between the quai Malaquais and the rue Bonaparte. This is in the heart of Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s, just across the Seine from the Louvre museum. The school was founded in 1648 by Charles Le Brun as the famed French academy Acad\u00e9mie de peinture et de sculpture. In 1793, at the height of the French Revolution, the institutes were suppressed. However, in 1817, following the Bourbon Restoration, it was revived under a changed name after merging with the Acad\u00e9mie d'architecture. Held under the King's tutelage until 1863, an imperial decree on November 13, 1863 named the school's director, who serves for a five-year term. Long supervised by the Ministry of Public Instruction, the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts is now a public establishment under the Ministry of Culture.", "Q7411": "Dutch (Nederlands ) is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people as a first language and 5 million people as a second language, constituting the majority of people in the Netherlands (where it is the sole official language countrywide) and Belgium (as one of three official languages). It is the third-most-widely spoken Germanic language, after its close relatives English and German.\nOutside the Low Countries, it is the native language of the majority of the population of Suriname where it also holds an official status, as it does in Aruba, Cura\u00e7ao and Sint Maarten, which are constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands located in the Caribbean. Historical linguistic minorities on the verge of extinction remain in parts of France and Germany, and in Indonesia, while up to half a million native speakers may reside in the United States, Canada and Australia combined. The Cape Dutch dialects of Southern Africa have evolved into Afrikaans, a mutually intelligible daughter language which is spoken to some degree by at least 16 million people, mainly in South Africa and Namibia.Dutch is one of the closest relatives of both German and English and is colloquially said to be \"roughly in between\" them. Dutch, like English, has not undergone the High German consonant shift, does not use Germanic umlaut as a grammatical marker, has largely abandoned the use of the subjunctive, and has levelled much of its morphology, including most of its case system. Features shared with German include the survival of two to three grammatical genders\u2014albeit with few grammatical consequences\u2014as well as the use of modal particles, final-obstruent devoicing, and a similar word order. Dutch vocabulary is mostly Germanic and incorporates slightly more Romance loans than German but far fewer than English. As with German, the vocabulary of Dutch also has strong similarities with the continental Scandinavian languages, but is not mutually intelligible in text or speech with any of them.", "Q938630": "Dropkick Murphys are an American Celtic punk band formed in Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1996. The band was initially signed to independent punk record label Hellcat Records, releasing five albums for the label, and building a reputation locally through constant touring and yearly St. Patrick's Day week shows, held in and around Boston. The 2004 single \"Tessie\" became the band's first mainstream hit and one of their biggest charting singles to date. The band's final Hellcat release, 2005's The Warrior's Code, included the song \"I'm Shipping Up to Boston\"; the song was featured in the 2006 Academy Award-winning movie The Departed, and went on to become the band's only Platinum-selling single to date, and remains one of their best-known songs. The band is known for their loud, energetic live shows.\nIn 2007, the band began releasing music through their own imprint label, Born & Bred via Alternative Distribution Alliance. 2007's The Meanest of Times made its debut at No. 20 on the Billboard charts and featured the successful single, \"The State of Massachusetts\", while 2011's Going Out in Style was an even bigger success, making its debut at No. 6, giving the band their highest-charting album to date. The band's eighth studio album, Signed and Sealed in Blood was released in 2013 making its debut at No. 9 on the Billboard charts and featured the single \"The Season's Upon Us\", a Christmas song that was one of the band's highest charting singles. The band's ninth album, 11 Short Stories of Pain & Glory was released on January 6, 2017, and debuted at number 8 on the Billboard charts. Their tenth album is expected out sometime in late 2020.", "Q514747": "P\u00f6cking is a municipality in the district of Starnberg in Bavaria in Germany. Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria, consort of Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria-Hungary, grew up here in the Possenhofen Castle as daughter of Duke Max in Bavaria and Princess Ludovika of Bavaria.", "Q938156": "Nikola Hajdin (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0458\u0434\u0438\u043d; 4 April 1923 \u2013 17 July 2019) was a Serbian construction engineer, professor and the president of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, as a member of the Department of Technical Sciences.", "Q156783": "Nestor Alexander Haddaway (born 9 January 1965) is a Trinidadian-born German vocalist and musician best known for his 1993 hit single \"What Is Love\".\n\n", "Q542501": "Lidia Ravera (born 6 February 1951 in Turin, Piedmont) is an Italian writer, journalist, essayist and screenwriter.Ravera has been a regular contributor to the italian edition of Cosmopolitan. Her most popular novel, Porci con le ali (\"Winged Pigs\"), dealt with the disillusionment of her generation with the ideals of the late 1960s. In 1977 Ravera wrote a film adaptation of the book.", "Q166640": "Levallois-Perret (IPA: [l\u0259.va.lwa.p\u025b.\u0281\u025b]) is a commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department and \u00cele-de-France region of north-central France. It lies some 6 km from the centre of Paris in the north-western suburbs of the French capital. It is the most densely populated town in Europe and, together with neighbouring Neuilly-sur-Seine, one of the most expensive suburbs of Paris.", "Q298532": "Leyla Aliyeva (Azerbaijani: Leyla \u0130lham q\u0131z\u0131 \u018fliyeva, born 3 July 1984) is the first daughter of the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev. She is editor-in-chief of style magazine Baku, launched in London in 2011.", "Q2134121": "Raymond David Mindlin (New York City, 17 September 1906 \u2013 22 November 1987) was an American mechanical engineer, Professor of Applied Science at Columbia University, and recipient of the 1946 Presidential Medal for Merit and many other awards and honours. He is known as mechanician, who made seminal contributions to many branches of applied mechanics, applied physics, and engineering sciences.", "Q300569": "A Static Lullaby was an American post-hardcore band that formed in Chino Hills, California, in 2001.", "Q195910": "Dr. Abolhassan Naeini (Persian: \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200e, born 1955 in Qazvin) is an Iranian academic and the chancellor of Imam Khomeini International University from 2004 to 2006 and also 2014 to present.\nHe graduated from New Jersey Institute of Technology and later received his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from Iran University of Science and Technology.Naeini was the only chancellor of the university who was elected as by faculty member. Since President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad took office in 2005 this method changed and again all university chancellors were selected by government, so after one year, in 2006 Dr. Hassan Ghafouri Fard a member of Islamic Coalition Party was appointed as his successor by Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.", "Q2444143": "Shiho Fujita (\u85e4\u7530 \u5fd7\u7a42, Fujita Shiho) (born May 11, 1985), known by her stage name Sifow (stylized as sifow), is a Japanese pop singer, model and businesswoman. She signed to the Avex Trax music label in 2006, but in 2008 she announced her retirement from the music industry. She has since focused on business and health advocacy, and established Office G-Revo Corporation in 2010.", "Q377939": "The Big Town is a 1987 film drama about a young man who comes to the big city to work as a professional gambler, in the process becoming romantically involved with two women\u2014one of whom is already married. The film was directed by Ben Bolt and Harold Becker and it stars Matt Dillon, Diane Lane, and Tommy Lee Jones.", "Q351040": "Volen Nikolov Siderov (Bulgarian: \u0412\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432; born 19 April 1956) is a Bulgarian politician and chairman of the nationalist party Attack. He has been the editor of numerous newspapers and has authored five books.\n\n", "Q609976": "Joseph-Fran\u00e7ois Charpentier de Cossigny (1736-1809), also known as Joseph-Fran\u00e7ois Charpentier de Cossigny de Palma was born in Port Louis, the son of Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Charpentier de Cossigny, an engineer of the French East India Company. He was also the cousin of David Charpentier de Cossigny (Governor of India, Bourbon, and Mascarene). In 1773, while on a visit to Paris as a scholar and politician, he had asked the colonial secretary for the right to establish a Chamber of Agriculture on the Isle de France (now Mauritius). He was considered a Cossigny \"agitator\" by the authorities for seeking the establishment of a representative body seen as an interference with the direct authority of the ministry.\nCossigny de Palma moved to Mauritius where he founded a colony called Palma, and created several acclimatisation gardens for imported fruit species. He is known for introducing the lychee to the islands of Bourbon and Isle de France in 1764 after several trips to China and the East. He was an early member of the Institut de France in 1795.", "Q55502": "The Kingdom of Jerusalem (Latin: Regnum Hierosolymitanum; Old French: Roiaume de Jherusalem), also known as the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, was a crusader state established in the Southern Levant by Godfrey of Bouillon in 1099 after the First Crusade. The kingdom lasted nearly two hundred years, from 1099 until 1291 when the last remaining possession, Acre, was destroyed by the Mamluks. Its history is divided into two distinct periods. The First Kingdom of Jerusalem lasted from 1099 to 1187, when it was almost entirely overrun by Saladin. After the subsequent Third Crusade, the kingdom was re-established in Acre in 1192, and lasted until that city's destruction in 1291, except for the two decades after Frederick II of Hohenstaufen reclaimed Jerusalem, placing it back in Christian hands after the Sixth Crusade. This second kingdom is sometimes called the Second Kingdom of Jerusalem or the Kingdom of Acre, after its new capital. Most of the crusaders who settled there were of French or Norman origin.", "Q2016394": "Adriean Marian Videanu (Romanian pronunciation: [adri\u02c8e\u032fan vi\u02c8de\u032fanu]; born 1 June 1962) is a businessman and former mayor of Bucharest, Romania. He is also a vice president of the Democratic Liberal Party of Romania, which was led by Emil Boc and the Minister of Economy in the Boc Cabinet, since 22 December 2008.\nA businessman in the marble and granite industry, Videanu was elected mayor in early April 2005, gathering 53.01% of the Bucharest electorate's vote, but the turnout was the lowest since 1989, with only 24.83% of the voters turning up. \nStarting with 2008 Videanu is under corruption investigation regarding a business with raw materials for constructions (i.e. curbstones). His own companies were involved in the scandalous affair of the \"curbstonization\" of the Romanian capital city, Bucharest. Many streets from Romanian capital were paved with new curbstones imported from China during the period of 2006-2008. The traffic was severely disturbed, dissatisfying Bucharest inhabitants. According to some preliminary data Videanu's companies obtained illegally 4 million euros from state funds.On 29 January 2015 he was arrested for new corruption allegations.He and his wife Miori\u0163a have two children, Andrei-Valentin and Diana-Alexandra.", "Q126264": "Berkeley Lloyd Bunker (August 12, 1906 \u2013 January 21, 1999) was a United States Senator and Representative from Nevada.", "Q1397362": "Vanessa Isabelle Vandy (born 14 May 1989 in Auckland, New Zealand) is a New Zealand-born Finnish film director, cinematographer and former pole vaulter. She is a national outdoor and indoor champion for the pole vault, and also, a bronze medalist at the 2009 European Athletics Under-23 Championships in Kaunas, Lithuania.", "Q22952": "Noh Hong-chul (Korean: \ub178\ud64d\ucca0 \u76e7\u5f18\u5586; born 31 March 1979) is a South Korean entertainer and entrepreneur. He is the co-host of the variety show Talents for Sale. He previously appeared on the television programs Infinite Challenge and I Live Alone. He had a cameo in the popular music video \"Gangnam Style\" which featured his trademark pelvic thrusting jeojil dance (\uc800\uc9c8\ub304\uc2a4).\n\n", "Q1156592": "Taken, also known as Steven Spielberg Presents Taken, is an American science fiction miniseries which first aired on the Sci-Fi Channel from December 2 to 13, 2002. Filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, it was written by Leslie Bohem, and directed by Breck Eisner, F\u00e9lix Enr\u00edquez Alcal\u00e1, John Fawcett, Tobe Hooper, Jeremy Paul Kagan, Michael Katleman, Sergio Mimica-Gezzan, Bryan Spicer, Jeff Woolnough, and Thomas J. Wright. The executive producers were Leslie Bohem and Steven Spielberg.\nThe show takes place from 1944 to 2002 and follows the lives of three families: the Crawfords, who seek to cover up the Roswell crash and the existence of aliens; the Keys, who are subject to frequent experimentation by the aliens; and the Clarkes, who sheltered one of the surviving aliens from the crash. As a result of the decades-long storyline, not a single actor or character appears in every episode of the series. Reception was positive.. The series won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Outstanding Miniseries or TV Movie.When the show was launched, the Sci-Fi Channel used the simultaneous establishment of the organization Coalition for Freedom of Information in its promotion campaign. Both the Sci-Fi Channel and the Coalition for Freedom of Information are clients of Washington, D.C. public relations firm PodestaMattoon, and this apparent co-mingling of clients was criticized. The Coalition for Freedom of Information is a group which seeks the release of classified governmental UFO files as well as scientific, Congressional, and media credibility for the study of this subject.Actors starring in the series include Joel Gretsch, Steve Burton, Eric Close, Heather Donahue, Matt Frewer, Catherine Dent, Ryan Hurst, Adam Kaufman, Karen Austin, Julie Benz, Tina Holmes, Willie Garson, John Hawkes, Jason Gray-Stanford, Andy Powers, Ryan Merriman, Michael Moriarty, Michael Jeter, James McDaniel, James Kirk, and Dakota Fanning (who narrates as well as stars as Allie Keys).", "Q154194": "Generation Kill is an American seven-part television miniseries produced for HBO that aired from July 13 to August 24, 2008. It is based on Evan Wright's 2004 book about his experience as an embedded reporter with the Marine Corps' 1st Reconnaissance Battalion during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, adapted for television by David Simon, Ed Burns, and Wright. The miniseries was directed by Susanna White and Simon Cellan Jones and produced by Andrea Calderwood. The ensemble cast includes Alexander Skarsg\u00e5rd as Sergeant Brad 'Iceman' Colbert, James Ransone as Corporal Josh Ray Person, and Lee Tergesen as Wright.", "Q174244": "Elisabeth Young-Bruehl (March 3, 1946 \u2013 December 1, 2011), born Elisabeth Bulkley Young, was an American academic and psychotherapist, who from 2007 until her death resided in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She published a wide range of books, most notably biographies of Hannah Arendt and Anna Freud. Her 1982 biography of Hannah Arendt won the first Harcourt Award while The Anatomy of Prejudices won the Association of American Publishers' prize for Best Book in Psychology in 1996. She was a member of the Toronto Psychoanalytic Society and co-founder of Caversham Productions, a company that makes psychoanalytic educational materials.", "Q70972": "The Kingdom of France (French: Royaume de France) was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Western Europe. It was among the most powerful states in Europe and a great power since the Late Middle Ages. It was also an early colonial power, with possessions around the world.\nFrance originated as West Francia (Francia Occidentalis), the western half of the Carolingian Empire, with the Treaty of Verdun (843). A branch of the Carolingian dynasty continued to rule until 987, when Hugh Capet was elected king and founded the Capetian dynasty. The territory remained known as Francia and its ruler as rex Francorum (\"king of the Franks\") well into the High Middle Ages. The first king calling himself Roi de France (\"King of France\") was Philip II, in 1190. France continued to be ruled by the Capetians and their cadet lines\u2014the Valois and Bourbon\u2014until the monarchy was abolished in 1792 during the French Revolution.\nFrance in the Middle Ages was a de-centralised, feudal monarchy. In Brittany and Catalonia (now a part of Spain) the authority of the French king was barely felt. Lorraine and Provence were states of the Holy Roman Empire and not yet a part of France. Initially, West Frankish kings were elected by the secular and ecclesiastic magnates, but the regular coronation of the eldest son of the reigning king during his father's lifetime established the principle of male primogeniture, which became codified in the Salic law. During the Late Middle Ages, the Kings of England laid claim to the French throne, resulting in a series of conflicts known as the Hundred Years' War (1337\u20131453). Emerging victorious from said conflicts, France subsequently sought to extend its influence into Italy, but was defeated by Spain in the ensuing Italian Wars (1494\u20131559).\nFrance in the early modern era was increasingly centralised; the French language began to displace other languages from official use, and the monarch expanded his absolute power, albeit in an administrative system (the Ancien R\u00e9gime) complicated by historic and regional irregularities in taxation, legal, judicial, and ecclesiastic divisions, and local prerogatives. Religiously France became divided between the Catholic majority and a Protestant minority, the Huguenots, which led to a series of civil wars, the Wars of Religion (1562\u20131598). The Wars of Religion crippled France but triumph over Spain and the Habsburg Monarchy in the Thirty Years' War made France the most powerful nation on the continent once more as the kingdom became Europe's dominant cultural, political, and military power in the 17th century under the Sun King. In parallel, France developed its first colonial empire in Asia, Africa, and in the Americas. Wars with Great Britain led to the loss of much of its North American holdings by 1763. French intervention in the American Revolutionary War helped secure the independence of the new United States of America but was costly and achieved little for France.\nThe Kingdom of France adopted a written constitution in 1791, but the Kingdom was abolished a year later and replaced with the First French Republic. The monarchy was restored by the other great powers in 1814 and lasted (except for the Hundred Days in 1815) until the French Revolution of 1848.\n\n", "Q15467111": "Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Musta'in Billah (Jawi: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647) (born 30 July 1959) is the 16th Yang di-Pertuan Agong (head of state) of Malaysia and the sixth Sultan of Pahang. He was proclaimed as Sultan on 15 January 2019, succeeding his father, Sultan Ahmad Shah, whose abdication was decided at a Royal Council meeting on 11 January.On 24 January 2019, days after his accession to the throne of Pahang, he was elected as the 16th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia. He was sworn in on 31 January. He was also a member of the FIFA Council from 2015 to 2019.", "Q1542710": "The Radical-Socialist and Radical Republican Party (French: Parti r\u00e9publicain, radical et radical-socialiste) was a liberal and formerly social-liberal political party in France. It was also often referred to simply as the Radical Party (French: Parti radical), or to prevent confusion with other French Radical parties as the Parti radical valoisien (after its headquarters on the rue de Valois), abbreviated to Rad, PR, or PRV.\nFounded in 1901, it was the oldest active political party in France at the time of its dissolution. Coming from the Radical Republican tradition, the Radical Party upheld the principles of private property, social justice and secularism. The Radicals were originally a left-wing group, but with the emergence of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905 they shifted gradually towards the political centre. In 1926, its right wing split off to form the Unionist (or National) Radicals. In 1972, the left wing of the party split off to form the centre-left Radical Party of the Left (PRG). The Radical Party then affiliated with the centre-right, becoming one of the founder parties of the Union for French Democracy (UDF) in 1978. In 2002, the party split from the UDF and became an associate party of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) and were represented on the Liaison Committee for the Presidential Majority prior to launching The Alliance (ARES) in 2011 and the Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) in 2012.\nAfter the 2017 presidential and legislative elections, negotiations to merge the PR and the PRG began. The refounding congress to reunite the parties into the Radical Movement was held on 9 and 10 December 2017. However, a minority of the PRG refused to unite with PR and founded a new party, which was joined by some left-wing members of the Radical Movement (most notably the last president of the PRG Sylvia Pinel) a year later, when the movement decided to ally Emmanuel Macron's La R\u00e9publique En Marche! for the 2019 European Parliament election.", "Q10828323": "Annam (Vietnamese: An Nam or Trung K\u1ef3, alternate spelling: Anam) was a French protectorate encompassing the central region of Vietnam. Before the protectorate's establishment, the name Annam was used in the West to refer to Vietnam as a whole; Vietnamese people were referred to as Annamites. The protectorate of Annam became in 1887 a part of French Indochina. Two other Vietnamese regions, Cochinchina (Nam K\u1ef3) in the South and Tonkin (B\u1eafc K\u1ef3) in the North, were also units of French Indochina. The region had a dual system of French and Vietnamese administration. The Nguy\u1ec5n Dynasty still nominally ruled Annam, with a puppet emperor residing in Hu\u1ebf. In 1948, the protectorate was merged in the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam, which was replaced the next year by the newly established State of Vietnam. The region was divided between communist North Vietnam and anti-communist South Vietnam under the terms of the Geneva Accord of 1954.", "Q18402": "La strada (lit.\u2009'\"The Road\"') is a 1954 Italian drama film directed by Federico Fellini from his own screenplay co-written with Tullio Pinelli and Ennio Flaiano. The film tells the story of Gelsomina, a simple-minded young woman (Giulietta Masina) bought from her mother by Zampan\u00f2 (Anthony Quinn), a brutish strongman who takes her with him on the road.\nFellini has called La Strada \"a complete catalogue of my entire mythological world, a dangerous representation of my identity that was undertaken with no precedent whatsoever.\" As a result, the film demanded more time and effort than any of his other works, before or since. The development process was long and tortuous; there were various problems during production, including insecure financial backing, problematic casting, and numerous delays. Finally, just before the production completed shooting, Fellini suffered a nervous breakdown that required medical treatment so he could complete principal photography. Initial critical reaction was harsh, and the film's screening at the Venice Film Festival was the occasion of a bitter controversy that escalated into a public brawl between Fellini's supporters and detractors.\nSubsequently, however, La Strada has become \"...one of the most influential films ever made,\" according to the American Film Institute. It won the inaugural Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1957. It was placed fourth in the 1992 British Film Institute directors' list of cinema's top 10 films.", "Q48235": "Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy which was founded by Zeno of Citium, in Athens, in the early 3rd century BC. Stoicism is a philosophy of personal ethics informed by its system of logic and its views on the natural world. According to its teachings, as social beings, the path to eudaimonia (happiness, or blessedness) for humans is found in accepting the moment as it presents itself, by not allowing oneself to be controlled by the desire for pleasure or fear of pain, by using one's mind to understand the world and to do one's part in nature's plan, and by working together and treating others fairly and justly.\nThe Stoics are especially known for teaching that \"virtue is the only good\" for human beings, and that external things\u2014such as health, wealth, and pleasure\u2014are not good or bad in themselves (adiaphora), but have value as \"material for virtue to act upon\". Alongside Aristotelian ethics, the Stoic tradition forms one of the major founding approaches to Western virtue ethics. The Stoics also held that certain destructive emotions resulted from errors of judgment, and they believed people should aim to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is \"in accordance with nature\". Because of this, the Stoics thought the best indication of an individual's philosophy was not what a person said, but how a person behaved. To live a good life, one had to understand the rules of the natural order since they thought everything was rooted in nature.\nMany Stoics\u2014such as Seneca and Epictetus\u2014emphasized that because \"virtue is sufficient for happiness\", a sage would be emotionally resilient to misfortune. This belief is similar to the meaning of the phrase \"stoic calm\", though the phrase does not include the \"radical ethical\" Stoic views that only a sage can be considered truly free, and that all moral corruptions are equally vicious.Stoicism flourished throughout the Roman and Greek world until the 3rd century AD, and among its adherents was Emperor Marcus Aurelius. It experienced a decline after Christianity became the state religion in the 4th century AD. Since then it has seen revivals, notably in the Renaissance (Neostoicism) and in the contemporary era (modern Stoicism).", "Q216": "Vilnius (Lithuanian pronunciation: [\u02c8v\u02b2\u026al\u02b2n\u02b2\u028as] (listen), see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania and its largest city, with a population of 580,020 as of 2020. The population of Vilnius functional urban area, that stretches beyond the city limits, is estimated at 697,691 (as of 2017), while according to statistics of Vilnius territorial health insurance fund, there are 728,032 permanent inhabitants (as of December 2019) in Vilnius city and Vilnius district municipalities combined. Vilnius is in the southeast part of Lithuania and is the second largest city in the Baltic states. Vilnius is the seat of the national government of Lithuania and the Vilnius District Municipality.\nVilnius is classified as a Gamma global city according to GaWC studies, and is known for the architecture in its Old Town, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. Before World War II, Vilnius was one of the largest Jewish centres in Europe. Its Jewish influence has led to it being described as the \"Jerusalem of Lithuania\" and Napoleon named it \"the Jerusalem of the North\" as he was passing through in 1812. In 2009, Vilnius was the European Capital of Culture, together with the Austrian city of Linz.", "Q3160881": "James A. Johnson (born December 24, 1943) is a United States Democratic Party political figure, and the former CEO of Fannie Mae. He was the campaign manager for Walter Mondale's failed 1984 presidential bid and chaired the vice presidential selection committee for the presidential campaign of John Kerry. He briefly led the vice-presidential selection process for the 2008 Democratic presidential nominee, Senator Barack Obama.", "Q442273": "Amy Heckerling (born May 7, 1954) is an American film director. An alumna of both New York University and the American Film Institute, she directed the commercially successful films Fast Times at Ridgemont High, National Lampoon's European Vacation, Look Who's Talking, and Clueless.\nHeckerling is a recipient of AFI's Franklin J. Schaffner Alumni Medal celebrating her creative talents and artistic achievements.", "Q7153764": "Paul Stanton (December 21, 1884 \u2013 October 9, 1955) was an American character actor and bit-part player in American films.\nOriginally from Illinois, he appeared in about 130 films between 1918 and 1952, mostly in supporting roles. He often portrayed authoritarian figures like judges, attorneys, managers, officials and doctors.", "Q334814": "\u00dcmit Besen (born 14 October 1956) represents the darker side of Tarabya school of electronic music. He started his professional career with playing keyboards and singing with his band at the local clubs in Adana, Southern Turkey. While he was in the army for his obligatory service a brigadier-general (Brigadier in Commonwealth armies) liked his style and appointed him with the task of singing at the officers tavern.", "Q57315": "Salva Kiir Mayardit (born 13 September 1951) is a South Sudanese politician who has been President of South Sudan since its independence in 2011. Prior to independence, he was President of the Government of Southern Sudan, as well as First Vice President of Sudan, from 2005 to 2011.", "Q41563": "Julia Eileen Gillard (born 29 September 1961) is an Australian former politician who served as the 27th Prime Minister of Australia and Leader of the Australian Labor Party from 2010 to 2013. She was previously the 13th Deputy Prime Minister of Australia from 2007 until 2010 and held the cabinet positions of Minister for Education, Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations and Minister for Social Inclusion from 2007 to 2010. She was the first and to date only woman to hold the positions of Deputy Prime Minister, Prime Minister and leader of a major party in Australia.\nBorn in Barry, Wales, Gillard migrated with her family to Adelaide, South Australia, in 1966. She attended Mitcham Demonstration School and Unley High School. Gillard went on to the University of Adelaide, but switched to the University of Melbourne in 1982, where she eventually graduated with Bachelor of Laws (1986) and Bachelor of Arts (1989) degrees. She worked with the Australian Union of Students during that time and was the organisation's president from 1983 to 1984. In 1987, Gillard joined the law firm Slater & Gordon. She became a partner in 1990, specialising in industrial law, but left in 1996 to become chief of staff to John Brumby, the leader of the Labor Party in Victoria. This preceded her own entry into federal politics.\nGillard was first elected to the House of Representatives at the 1998 federal election for the seat of Lalor. Following the 2001 election, she was elected to Shadow Cabinet. When Kevin Rudd was elected as party leader and Leader of the Opposition in December 2006, Gillard was elected unopposed as his deputy. Upon Labor's victory at the 2007 election, she became the first female Deputy Prime Minister of Australia, and was made Minister for Education, Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations and Minister for Social Inclusion. On 24 June 2010, after Rudd lost the support of his party and resigned, Gillard was elected unopposed as his replacement, thus becoming prime minister. The subsequent 2010 federal election saw the first hung parliament since 1940. Gillard was able to form a minority government with the support of a Green MP and three independents. On 26 June 2013, after a leadership spill, Gillard lost the leadership of the Labor Party back to Rudd. Her resignation as prime minister took effect the following day. Gillard retired from politics on 5 August 2013, before the impending federal election.\nFollowing her departure from politics, Gillard became an honorary visiting professor at the University of Adelaide, and a nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution's Center for Universal Education. She released her political memoir, My Story, in September 2014. She has been on the board of the mental health organisation Beyond Blue since December 2014 and its chair since July 2017, and was made an honorary fellow of Aberystwyth University in June 2015. Gillard has also served as the chairwoman of the Global Partnership for Education since February 2014.\n\n", "Q480132": "Geoffrey Robinson (born 25 May 1938) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Coventry North West for 43 years, from 1976 to 2019. He was Paymaster General from May 1997 to December 1998, resigning after it was revealed that he had lent his government colleague Peter Mandelson \u00a3373,000 to buy a house. From 1996 to 2008 he was the owner of the New Statesman, a centre-left weekly political magazine.\n\n", "Q2308660": "Roland Moreno (11 June 1945 \u2013 29 April 2012) was a French inventor, engineer, humorist and author who was the inventor of the memory card. Moreno's smart card, or la carte \u00e0 puce in French, was little known internationally. However, he became a national hero in France and was awarded the L\u00e9gion d'Honneur in 2009.\n\n", "Q633432": "The Emperor's New School is an American animated television series created by Mark Dindal that aired on Disney Channel for two seasons between January 2006 and November 2008. It is the second sequel to the 2000 film The Emperor's New Groove, following the direct-to-video release of the film Kronk's New Groove in 2005. The series centers on Kuzco, who must graduate from Kuzco Academy to become emperor of the Inca Empire. Yzma, his former advisor, schemes to sabotage him so she can be empress instead. She is aided by her henchman Kronk, while Kuzco is aided by the villager Pacha and fellow student Malina. The series combines physical comedy with a self-aware tone, illustrated by Kuzco frequently addressing the viewer directly.\nThe Walt Disney Company developed the series after The Emperor's New Groove received high ratings in syndication. Most of the film's cast reprised their roles for the series. J. P. Manoux replaced David Spade as Kuzco, and Fred Tatasciore played Pacha until the original actor, John Goodman, returned for the second season. New School used traditional 2D animation to preserve elements of the film's distinctive art style. The choice of a high school setting was made to explore Kuzco's lack of social etiquette and provide for storylines based on the everyday challenges of adolescence. \nIn January 2006, New School premiered on four platforms: Disney Channel, ABC, Toon Disney, and Disney Channel On Demand. The series was canceled after Kitt's death in 2008. Both seasons have been distributed via digital download on the iTunes Store and streaming through Disney+. New School received mixed reviews from critics; several reviewers praised Kitt's voice acting but others found the characters unlikable and critiqued the sexist objectification of Malina. New School was also criticized for its minimal educational value and frequent displays of socially aggressive behavior.", "Q132205": "Andreas Voutsinas (Greek: \u0391\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03c2; 22 August 1930 \u2013 8 June 2010) was a Greek actor and theater director. In the English-speaking world, he was best known for his roles in three Mel Brooks films, The Producers (1968), The Twelve Chairs (1970) and History of the World, Part I (1981).", "Q569948": "Frederick William Engdahl (born August 9, 1944) is an American writer and conspiracy theorist based in Germany. He identifies himself as a \"economic researcher, historian and freelance journalist.\"\n\n", "Q314508": "Rockmond Dunbar (born January 11, 1973) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Baines on the NBC series Earth 2, Kenny Chadway on Showtime's Soul Food, and Benjamin Miles \"C-Note\" Franklin on the Fox crime drama Prison Break. He also played Sheriff Eli Roosevelt on the FX Drama series Sons of Anarchy, FBI Agent Dennis Abbott on The Mentalist, and FBI Agent Abe Gaines in the Hulu series The Path.", "Q20189": "Kikoriki, known in the United States as GoGoRiki and in Russia as Smeshariki (Russian: \u0421\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438), is a Russian animated television series consisting of 209 episodes of 6 minutes and 30 seconds each, aimed at children of 3 to 8 years. The first episode premiered in Russia on May 17, 2004. The Smeshariki are stylized rounded animals. The series includes complex themes and specific cultural references.The series is aired in 60 countries, is translated to 15 languages and has an everyday audience of 50 million people. The audience in China surpasses the audience in Russia.In May 2019, in Beijing as part of the talks between Asian civilizations, Russian and Chinese animators have made two agreements regarding cooperation, one of which involves the joint creation of the cartoon entitled \u041f\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0421\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438, 'Panda and Smeshariki'. The Chinese side of this project will be represented by the animation division of the Central Television Agency of China.", "Q870648": "Roberto Szidon (21 September 1941 \u2013 21 December 2011) was a Brazilian classical pianist who had an international performing and recording career, and settled in Germany.", "Q18416": "Fellini Satyricon, or simply Satyricon, is a 1969 Italian fantasy drama film written and directed by Federico Fellini and loosely based on Petronius's work Satyricon, written during the reign of Emperor Nero and set in imperial Rome. The film is divided into nine episodes, following Encolpius and his friend Ascyltus as they try to win the heart of a young boy named Git\u00f3n within a surreal and dream-like Roman landscape.", "Q444616": "Maria Doyle Kennedy (born 25 September 1964) is an Irish singer, songwriter, and actress. With a singing and acting career that has spanned nearly 30 years, she has established herself as one of Ireland's most prolific artists and entertainers. As an actress, she is best known for her extensive television roles as Patsy on Father Ted (1998), Catherine of Aragon on The Tudors (2007\u20132010), Vera Bates on Downton Abbey (2011), Siobh\u00e1n Sadler on Orphan Black (2013\u20132017), and Jocasta Cameron on Outlander (2014-present).", "Q134674": "Bayonne (French pronunciation: \u200b[baj\u0254n]; Gascon: Baiona [ba\u02c8jun\u0254]; Basque: Baiona [baiona]; Spanish: Bayona) is a city and commune and one of the two sub-prefectures of the department of Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France. It is located at the confluence of the Nive and Adour rivers in the northern part of the cultural region of the Basque Country. This is also the southern part of Gascony, where the Aquitaine basin joins the beginning of the Pre-Pyrenees.\nTogether with nearby Anglet, Biarritz, Saint-Jean-de-Luz, and several smaller communes, Bayonne forms an urban area with 288,359 inhabitants at the 2012 census; 45,855 residents lived in the city of Bayonne proper.The site on the left bank of the Nive and the Adour was probably occupied before ancient times; a fortified enclosure was attested in the 1st century at the time when the Tarbelli occupied the territory. Archaeological studies have confirmed the presence of a Roman castrum, a stronghold in Novempopulania at the end of the 4th century, before the city was populated by the Vascones.\nIn 1023 Bayonne was the capital of Labourd. In the 12th century, it extended to the confluence and beyond of the Nive River. At that time the first bridge was built over the Adour. The city came under the domination of the English in 1152 through the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine: it became militarily and, above all, commercially important thanks to maritime trade. In 1177 Richard the Lion Heart of England took control of it, separating it from the Viscount of Labourd. \nIn 1451 the city was taken by the Crown of France after the Hundred Years' War. The loss of trade with the English was followed by the river gradually filling with silt and becoming impassable to ships. As the city developed to the north, its position was weakened compared to earlier times. The district of Saint-Esprit developed initially from settlement by Sephardic Jewish refugees fleeing the Spanish expulsions dictated by the Alhambra Decree. This community brought skill in chocolate making, and Bayonne gained a reputation for chocolate. \nThe course of the Adour was changed in 1578 by dredging under the direction of Louis de Foix, and the river returned to its former mouth. Bayonne flourished after regaining the maritime trade that it had lost for more than a hundred years. In the 17th century the city was fortified by Vauban, whose works were followed as models of defense for 100 years. In 1814 Bayonne and its surroundings were the scene of fighting between the Napoleonic troops and the Spanish-Anglo-Portuguese coalition led by the Duke of Wellington. It was the last time the city was under siege.\nIn 1951 the Lacq gas field was discovered in the region; its extracted sulphur and associated oil are shipped from the port of Bayonne. During the second half of the 20th century, many housing estates were built, forming new districts on the periphery. The city developed to form a conurbation with Anglet and Biarritz: this agglomeration became the heart of a vast Basque-Landes urban area.\nIn 2014 Bayonne was a commune with more than 45,000 inhabitants, the heart of the urban area of Bayonne and of the Agglomeration C\u00f4te Basque-Adour. This includes Anglet and Biarritz. It is an important part of the Basque Bayonne-San Sebasti\u00e1n Eurocity and it plays the role of economic capital of the Adour basin. Modern industry\u2014metallurgy and chemicals\u2014have been established to take advantage of procurement opportunities and sea shipments through the harbour. Business services today represent the largest source of employment. Bayonne is also a cultural capital, a city with strong Basque and Gascon influences, and a rich historical past. Its heritage is expressed in its architecture, the diversity of collections in museums, its gastronomic specialties, and traditional events such as the noted F\u00eates de Bayonne.\nThe inhabitants of the commune are known as Bayonnais or Bayonnaises.", "Q711687": "Garry Bushell (born 13 May 1955) is a British newspaper columnist, rock music journalist, television presenter, author, musician and political activist. Bushell also sings in the Cockney rock bands GBX and the Gonads. He managed the New York City Oi! band Maninblack until the death of the band frontman Andre Schlessinger. Bushell's recurring topical themes are comedy, country and class. He has campaigned for an English Parliament, a Benny Hill statue and for variety and talent shows on TV. His TV column Bushell on the Box still appears weekly in the Daily Star Sunday, and he writes for the Arts & Entertainment section of the Sunday Express.", "Q258064": "Deanna \"Dee\" Wallace (n\u00e9e Bowers; born December 14, 1948), also known as Dee Wallace Stone, is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as Mary, the mother, in the 1982 blockbuster film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. She is also known for her starring roles in several horror films including The Hills Have Eyes (1977), The Howling (1981), Cujo (1983) and Critters (1986), which earned her the title of \"scream queen\".", "Q31084": "Jever (German pronunciation: [\u02c8je\u02d0f\u0250]; the pronunciation [\u02c8je\u02d0v\u0250] is often heard from non-locals) is the capital of the district of Friesland in Lower Saxony, Germany. The name Jever is usually associated with a major brand of beer which is produced there. The city is also a popular holiday resort. Jever was granted city status in 1536. Unofficially Jever is sometimes referred to as Marienstadt (Maria city) in reference to Maria of Jever, the last independent ruler of the city. The inhabitants of Jever are named Jeveraner.", "Q201111": "The Aromanians (Aromanian: Rr\u00e3m\u00e3nji, Arm\u00e3nji) are a Romance ethnic group native to the Balkans, traditionally living in northern and central Greece, Romania, central and southern Albania, North Macedonia, south-western Bulgaria, Montenegro, Croatia with the Dalmatic Mountains, Slovenia with the Istrian Peninsula, and all Serbia. The term Vlachs is used in Greece to refer to Aromanians, but this term is internationally used to encompass all Romance-speaking peoples of the Balkans and Tatra Mountains regions.Aromanians speak the Aromanian language, a Latin-derived vernacular very similar to Romanian, which has many slightly varying dialects of its own. It descends from the Vulgar Latin spoken by the Paleo-Balkan peoples (Latinised Dacians for example) subsequent to their Romanization. Aromanian is a mix of Latin and post-Big Migrations domestic language with additional influences from other surrounding languages of the Balkans, mainly Greek, Albanian, Macedonian and Bulgarian.", "Q57301": "Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering (born 15 September 1945) is a German conservative politician (CDU, European People's Party), and was the President of the European Parliament from January 2007 to July 2009. \nHe has served as a Member of the European Parliament continuously since the first elections in 1979 until 2014 and was Chairman of the European People's Party-European Democrats 1999\u20132007.\nHe is a member of the Reconciliation of European Histories Group.", "Q4209182": "Zakhariy Knyazevich Kalashov (Russian: \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0437\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0301\u0432; born 20 May 1953), nicknamed \"Young Shakro\" (\u0428\u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e \u041c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439), is a Russian mafia boss, notorious gangster and thief in law, who is widely believed to be one of the most prominent members of the Russian mafias. Kalashov is an ethnic Yazidi Kurd.\n\n", "Q130412": "Ludwik Sempoli\u0144ski, real name Bohdan Kierski (18 August 1899 \u2013 17 April 1981) was a Polish film actor. He appeared in twenty films between 1935 and 1966.", "Q456212": "Cathy Kelly (born 12 September 1966) is an Irish former journalist and writer of women's fiction since 1997. She has gained international recognition with her popular fiction novels, which are published globally in many languages. In 2001, her novel Someone Like You won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association. Kelly is one of the most successful female authors to come out of Ireland since Maeve Binchy, having once outsold both Dan Brown and J. K. Rowling in the UK.", "Q275848": "Victoria \"Vicky\" Jane Longley (born 26 October 1988 in Bromley, London) is an English actress and singer. She played Emma Norton in the children's comedy Genie in the House, screened in the UK and The Netherlands on Nickelodeon, and in France on Canal J, and studied performing arts at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts.", "Q156797": "Knut Agathon Wallenberg (19 May 1853 \u2013 1 June 1938) was a Swedish banker and politician, he was also a Knight of the Order of the Seraphim. Wallenberg was Minister for Foreign Affairs 1914\u20131917, and member of the Riksdag's F\u00f6rsta kammaren (the Upper house) 1907\u20131919. Together with his wife, he created Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, which is one of the main contributors to the private university Stockholm School of Economics. Wallenberg was one of the founders of the Stockholm School of Economics, and is also seen as the founder of the community of Saltsj\u00f6baden and an associated railroad.", "Q86996": "Birthe Wolter (born 4 October 1981) is a German actress.", "Q667063": "David Edelstadt (May 9, 1866, Kaluga, Russia \u2013 17 October 1892, Denver, Colorado) was a Russian-American anarchist poet in the Yiddish language. Edelstadt immigrated to Cincinnati and worked as a buttonhole maker, while publishing Yiddish labor poems in Varhayt and Der Morgenshtern. He was editor of the Yiddish anarchist newspaper Fraye Arbeter Shtime in 1891 but left the post after contracting tuberculosis, moving west to seek a cure. He continued to send the newspaper his poems until his death a year later.", "Q87450": "Susanne Wiest (born 16 January 1967) is an activist for the unconditional basic income who lives in Greifswald, Germany.A childcare worker, Susanne Wiest is known in Germany for having launched a petition to the German Parliament asking for the implementation of a basic income of 1,000 Euros a month. The petition went so viral that not only did it receive more than 52,000 signatures of support, but the hosting services were overloaded in the last days of the collection period, forcing the Bundestag to extend the duration of the petition by one week.The petition then was accepted and Susanne Wiest was invited for a hearing at the Bundestag's Commission of Petitions. The hearing took place on 8 November 2010 following which Wiest was featured in the German media. In June 2013, the petition was finally closed by the Parliament, thus depriving the supporters of basic income of any parliamentary debate on the issue.\nSusanne Wiest ran in the legislative elections in 2009 as a free candidate. She received 1.2% of the votes cast. Since December 2012, she has been a member of the Pirate Party of Germany. Since 2017 Susanne Wiest is chairman of the German party B\u00fcndnis Grundeinkommen (Basic Income League), which was founded in September 2016 and was admitted to German federal election 2017 and reached 0.2% of the votes.", "Q524690": "Patrycja Hilton (n\u00e9e Grzyma\u0142kiewicz; born March 26, 1980), known professionally as Pati Yang, is a Polish singer-songwriter.\n\n", "Q822668": "Bernard Pyne Grenfell, FBA (16 December 1869 \u2013 18 May 1926) was an English scientist and Egyptologist.", "Q91232": "Franz-Otto Kr\u00fcger (April 1, 1917 \u2013 March 17, 1988) was a German film and television actor. Kr\u00fcger already started his acting at Berlin theatres in 1934, but his career was interrupted by his service in the Second World War. He appeared in over 125 film and television productions between 1947 and 1987, mostly in supporting roles. One of his first films was Roberto Rossellini's neorealist classic Germany, Year Zero. \nIn addition to acting, he also worked as a stage and television director in his later career. He was also employed as a voice actor and director of German dubbings. Kr\u00fcger directed the German synchronisation versions of film classics like On the Waterfront, Bambi and The Great Dictator.", "Q450663": "Avital Ronell (; born 15 April 1952) is an American academic who writes about continental philosophy, literary studies, psychoanalysis, political philosophy, and ethics. She is a professor in the humanities and in the departments of Germanic languages and literature and comparative literature at New York University, where she co-directs the trauma and violence transdisciplinary studies program.As Jacques Derrida Professor of Philosophy, Ronell teaches at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee. She has written about such topics as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe; Alexander Graham Bell and the telephone; the structure of the test in legal, pharmaceutical, artistic, scientific, Zen, and historical domains; stupidity; the disappearance of authority; childhood; and deficiency. Ronell is a founding editor of the journal Qui Parle and a member of Jewish Voice for Peace.An eleven-month investigation at New York University determined that Ronell sexually harassed a graduate student, and the university suspended her without pay for the 2018\u20132019 academic year.", "Q1066337": "Charles William Duncan Jr. (born September 9, 1926) is an American entrepreneur, administrator, and politician best known for serving as U.S. Secretary of Energy on the Cabinet of President Jimmy Carter from 1979 to 1981. He had previously served as Carter's United States Deputy Secretary of Defense during the Iranian Revolution. Earlier, Duncan had run the family business, Duncan Coffee Company of Houston, Texas, for seven years, until the Coca-Cola Company acquired it in 1964. After seven years on the Coke board, Duncan became the corporation's president.", "Q126270": "Sophia Elisabet Brenner, n\u00e9e Weber (29 April 1659 \u2013 14 September 1730), was a Swedish writer, poet, feminist and salon hostess.\n\n", "Q90892": "Yasemin \u015eamdereli (born 15 July 1973 in Dortmund, West Germany) is a German actress, screenwriter and film director. Her film Almanya - Willkommen in Deutschland had its U.S. premiere at the Berlin and Beyond Film Festival in San Francisco on October 20, 2011.", "Q117913": "Jacques \u00c9tienne Victor Arago (6 March 1790 \u2013 27 November 1855) was a French writer, artist and explorer, author of a Voyage Round the World.", "Q587649": "Percy Jones (born 3 December 1947) is a Welsh bass guitarist known as a member of the jazz fusion ensemble Brand X, from 1974-1980, and 1992-1999.\nJones, who was born near Llandrindod Wells, has also done extensive work as a session musician, and has been active with other groups. He played with a New York City trio called Stone Tiger (featuring guitarist Bill Frisell and drummers Mike Clark and Dougie Bowne during different periods) in 1982/83 Jones was also the driving force behind Tunnels, an improvisation collective which released four albums including Progressivity and Live From The Knitting Factory. Residing in New York, he currently is a member of MJ12, an instrumental group based in NYC.Jones was also a member of the jazz fusion group Soft Machine, the poetry rock group The Liverpool Scene (featuring poet Adrian Henri), and has contributed to recordings by Kate Bush, David Sylvian, Brian Eno, Steve Hackett, Paranoise, Suzanne Vega, Richard Barbieri and Fovea Hex, amongst others.\nHe released a solo album, Cape Catastrophe in 1990.", "Q151946": "Eight Legged Freaks is a 2002 horror monster comedy action film directed by Ellory Elkayem and starring David Arquette, Kari Wuhrer, Scott Terra, and Scarlett Johansson. The plot follows a colony of spiders that are exposed by toxic waste, causing them to mutate into gigantic, monstrous creatures and attack a small American mining town. The film was dedicated to the memory of several people: Lewis Arquette, father of David Arquette, who had died in 2001 from a heart failure, and Don Devlin and Pilar Seurat, the parents of producer Dean Devlin, who died of lung cancer in 2000 and 2001, respectively.\n\n", "Q458559": "Victoire L\u00e9odile B\u00e9ra (18 August 1824 \u2013 20 May 1900) was a French novelist, journalist and feminist. She took the name of Andr\u00e9 L\u00e9o, her two twin sons' names.\nShe was born in Lusignan, Vienne, at Town Hall square, in 1824. She stayed there until 1830, when her father moved to Champagn\u00e9 Saint Hilaire, where he was a judge. She left the region in 1851, to Lausanne in Switzerland, where she married Gregoire Champseix. He was there since the Spring 1849 after fleeing the repression due to his contribution to the 1848 revolution and later, the Napoleon III police.\nIn 1866 a feminist group called the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 pour la Revendication du Droit des Femmes began to meet at the house of Andr\u00e9 L\u00e9o in Paris. Members included Paule Minck, Louise Michel, Eliska Vincent, \u00c9lie Reclus and his wife No\u00e9mie, Mme Jules Simon and Caroline de Barrau. Maria Deraismes also participated. Because of the broad range of opinions, the group decided to focus on the subject of improving girls' education.Andr\u00e9 L\u00e9o fought with the French Republicans, later during the Commune de Paris, and in the International Workers Association. Travelling in Europe, she studied and worked at improving the feminine condition of her times. She died in Paris in 1900, after achieving much work: numerous novels, tales and essays, articles and political texts. Her writings, especially on social and educational issues, express ideas which still remain highly topical.", "Q126516": "Aleksandar Prokopiev (Macedonian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0432) (born February 24, 1953) is a Macedonian PhD in comparative literature and literary theory working in the Institute of Macedonian Literature at the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, the Republic of North Macedonia. He is also notable as a writer, essayist and a former member of the eminent Yugoslav rock band Idoli.", "Q1778346": "Andrzej Pawe\u0142 Dziubek (Norwegian: Andrej Nebb) (born 14 June 1954 Jab\u0142onka, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Orawa, Poland) is a Polish musician and vocalist, founder and only constant member of the Polish-Norwegian rock group De Press.\nHe had been involved in music since early childhood, first as a member of Ma\u0142e Podhale folk ensemble. In high school he founded his first band, Lotony.\nAs a teenager he emigrated (illegally) to Austria, through communist Czechoslovakia. His final destination was Norway, where he began studying at The National Academy of Craft and Art Industry (now Kunsth\u00f8gskolen i Oslo) and later had his name legally changed to Andrej Nebb.\nIt was at that time that he founded Pull Out, a punk rock group. In the following years he studied at The National Academy of Fine Arts (now Kunsth\u00f8gskolen i Oslo).\nIn 1980 together with J\u00f8rn Christensen and Ola Snortheim he founded his most prominent project, De Press.\nLater he was also involved in an experimental group called Holy Toy.\nApart from being a skilled musician Andrzej is also a painter and an experimental performer.\nHe exhibits his art in his own gallery in Oslo, and occasionally also in Germany and Poland.", "Q318454": "Wadih Sa\u2019adeh (also Wad\u012b\u02bb Sa\u02bb\u0101dah or Wadih Saadeh) (Arabic: \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 ) is a Lebanese Australian poet. He was born in Lebanon in 1948.In 1973 he published his first poetry book written by hand, and sold it in the streets, titled \"Laysa Lil Massa\u2019 Ikhwah\" (Evening Has No Brothers), which was be published in 1981.\nAfter many travelling to many countries \u2013 England, France, Greece, Cyprus \u2013 Wadih Sa\u2019adeh immigrated to Australia in November, 1988, and has been living in Sydney since that date.\nClarissa C. Burt, Assistant Professor of Arabic in United States Naval Academy, wrote: \" As a member of the new Arab diaspora, Wadih Sa'adeh\u2019s poetry bespeaks the global scope of contemporary Arabic writing, much as Jibran Khalil Jibran\u2019s writing of the first mahjar helped to the trigger aspects of modernity in Arabic literature in the twentieth century. In the course of his poetic career, Sa'adeh\u2019s work has emerged from the level of the local into the exilic, to reach the level of the existential, and thus speak not only to Arabs across the globe of this generation disaffected by repeated loss, violent upheaval and continual disenfranchisement, but to all of us about the horrors and unfulfillable longings of human existence (...) Wadih Sa'adeh\u2019s publications are truly remarkable monumental works of post modern nihilism, emerging from his experience and articulation of exile and alienation in his own life, purified and distilled to come have universal implications. The careful comparison and study of the relationship of Sa'adeh\u2019s texts with the works of Nietzsche are obviously needed to accurately gauge their similarities and divergences, and the level of intertextuality bridging between them. In addition, Sa'adeh\u2019s texts would be fruitfully compared with the corpus of Jibran Khalil Jibran, for the large structural similarities in their lives, and the major differences in the tones of their aphoristic writings. Moreover, comparing the oppositional wordplay in Sa'adeh with al-Niffari and other sufi writers will clarify to what extent Sa'adeh has borrowed from the terminology of sufi disciplines and spiritual orders to articulate his negative and nihilist message. Finally, one can only hope that this remarkable poet, this humble latter-day Arabic Nietzsche, this nihilist literary reincarnation of Jibran, this dark angel of existential exile will fail in any attempt at literary suicide, and will grace us with his sad songs, or new songs of triumph, and hope renewed in some kind of literary transcendence over the pain of existential exile, which he has so thoroughly described, explored and mapped for us all \".(Source: Journal of Arabic Literature, Volume 41, Issue 1, pages 180 \u2013 195).", "Q91554": "Hans Schmeisser is a German weapons technical designer. The son of Louis Schmeisser, who was also a famous weapons technical designer, his notable achievement is his contribution to the construction of the German \"weapon city\" of Suhl.\nHis work, along with the work of entrepreneurs and engineers like Simson, Sauer, and Haenel, helped shape Suhl for more than a century. Its name is closely connected to the Bergmann company in the development and production of machine guns up to the time of the First World War. The Bergmann company was the place where his brother, Hugo Schmeisser, received his fundamental training as a weapons designer.\nIn 1919, Hugo created the \"Industriewerk Auhammer Koch und Co.\" (Industrial Auhammer Koch and Company) in Suhl. Under given conditions in Germany after the First World War, this enterprise did not run well from the outset. Into this time the first contact falls to the company Haenel in Suhl. That was the beginning of 20 years of cooperation with highs and lows. In the summer of 1922, for the security of their patents, Hugo and Hans Schmeisser created a second company under the name of \"Gebr\u00fcder Schmeisser\" (Brothers Schmeisser) in Suhl. Strangely, the brothers Schmeissers' attorney of the company, Haenel, remained, although they were shareholders and actually acting partners of the enterprise.", "Q351732": "Shinichi Chiba (Japanese: \u5343\u8449 \u771f\u4e00, Hepburn: Chiba Shin'ichi, born January 22, 1939), also known as Sonny Chiba, is a Japanese actor, singer, film producer, film director, and martial artist.\nChiba was one of the first actors to achieve stardom through his skills in martial arts, initially in Japan and later before an international audience.", "Q317767": "Abdullah bin Abdul al Kadir (1796\u20131854) (Arabic: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 'Abd All\u0101h bin 'Abd al-Q\u0101dir) also known as Munshi Abdullah, was a Malayan writer of mixed ancestry. He was a famous Malacca-born munshi of Singapore and died in Jeddah, a part of the Ottoman Empire.\nMunshi Abdullah has been popularly regarded as among the most cultured Malays who ever wrote, one of the greatest innovators in Malay letters and the father of modern Malay literature.The term Munshi means \"teacher\" or \"educator\". Munshi Abdullah was a great-grandson of a Hadhrami Arab trader, and also had Tamil and to a smaller extent, Malay ancestry. Owing to his ethnic and religious background, the Malays would refer to him as a Jawi Peranakan or Jawi Pekan.\nMunshi Abdullah followed his father's career path as a translator and teacher of colonial officials in the Malay Archipelago, mainly the British and the Dutch.\nJ.T. Thomson, a contemporary of Abdullah, described him thus: \"In physiognomy he was a Tamilian of southern Hindustan: slightly bent forward, spare, energetic, bronze in complexion, oval-faced, high-nosed, one eye squinting outwards a little. He dressed in the usual style of Malacca Tamils. Acheen seluar, check sarong, printed baju, square skull cap and sandals. He had the vigour and pride of the Arab, the perseverance and subtlety of the Hindoo - in language and national sympathy only was he a Malay.\"", "Q86028": "Carmen Cartellieri (28 June 1891 \u2013 17 October 1953) was an Austrian actress-producer.", "Q161885": "The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially called Great Britain, was a sovereign state in Western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 1 January 1801. The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706, ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the kingdoms of England (which included Wales) and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands, with the exception of the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster. The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI of Scotland became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Elizabeth I, bringing about the \"Union of the Crowns\". Since its inception, the kingdom was in legislative and personal union with the Kingdom of Ireland. Following the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714, the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover. \nThe early years of the newly-united kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings, which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. In 1763, victory in the Seven Years' War led to the dominance of the British Empire, which was to become the foremost global power for over a century, slowly growing to become the largest empire in history.\nFrom the mid-1750s, the Kingdom came to dominate the Indian subcontinent through the aggressive expansion of the East India Trading Company, and until suffering defeat in the American War of Independence, it claimed vast swaths of the North American continent through its burgeoning American colonies. \nThe Kingdom of Great Britain was replaced by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 January 1801 with the Acts of Union 1800.\n\n", "Q254138": "Slipknot is an American heavy metal band from Des Moines, Iowa. The band was founded in 1995 by percussionist Shawn Crahan, drummer Joey Jordison and bassist Paul Gray. After several lineup changes in its early years, the band settled on nine members for more than a decade: Crahan, Jordison, Gray, Craig Jones, Mick Thomson, Corey Taylor, Sid Wilson, Chris Fehn, and Jim Root. Gray died on May 24, 2010, and was replaced during 2011\u20132014 by guitarist Donnie Steele. Jordison was dismissed from the band on December 12, 2013. Steele left during the recording sessions for .5: The Gray Chapter. The band found replacements in Alessandro Venturella on bass and Jay Weinberg on drums. After the departure of Jordison, as of December 2013 the only founding member in the current lineup is percussionist Crahan. Fehn was also dismissed from the band in March of 2019 prior to the writing of We Are Not Your Kind.\nSlipknot is well known for its attention-grabbing image, aggressive style of music, and energetic and chaotic live shows. The band rapidly rose to fame following the release of their eponymous debut album in 1999. The 2001 follow-up album, Iowa, although darker in tone, made the band more popular. After a brief hiatus, Slipknot returned in 2004 with Vol. 3: (The Subliminal Verses), before going on another hiatus and returning in 2008 with its fourth album, All Hope Is Gone, which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart. After another long hiatus, Slipknot released its fifth studio album, .5: The Gray Chapter, in 2014. Their sixth studio album, We Are Not Your Kind, was released on August 9, 2019. The band has released two live albums titled 9.0: Live and Day of the Gusano: Live in Mexico, a compilation album titled Antennas to Hell, and five live DVDs. The band has sold 30 million records worldwide.", "Q87336": "Stefan Artur Schnabel (February 2, 1912 \u2013 March 11, 1999) was a German-born American actor who worked in theatre, radio, films and television. After moving to the United States in 1937 he became one of the original members of Orson Welles's Mercury Theatre repertory company. He portrayed Dr. Stephen Jackson on the CBS daytime TV series, The Guiding Light, for 17 years.", "Q98216": "Suzanna von Nathusius (born 12 April 2000) is a Polish television actor.", "Q574919": "Slaughterhouse is a hip hop supergroup consisting of rappers Joe Budden, Joell Ortiz, Kxng Crooked and Royce da 5'9\". They have released two studio albums as a group, the independent Slaughterhouse and the Shady Records/Interscope-backed Welcome to: Our House.", "Q242982": "Georgina Hope \"Gina\" Rinehart (n\u00e9e Hancock, formerly Hayward; born 9 February 1954) is an Australian mining magnate and heiress. Rinehart is Chairman of Hancock Prospecting, a privately-owned mineral exploration and extraction company founded by her father, Lang Hancock. She is one of Australia's richest people; with Forbes estimating her net worth in 2019 at US$14.8 billion as published in the list of Australia's 50 richest people; and The Australian Financial Review estimating her net worth in 2019 at A$13.81 billion as published in the Financial Review Rich List. Forbes considers Rinehart one of the world's richest women. \nRinehart was born in Perth, Western Australia, and spent her early years in the Pilbara. She boarded at St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls and then briefly studied at the University of Sydney, dropping out to work with her father at Hancock Prospecting. As Lang Hancock's only child, Rinehart inherited a 76.6% share in the company upon his death in 1992, and succeeded him as executive chairman. The company's remaining shares were transferred to a trust for her four children.\nWhen Rinehart took over Hancock Prospecting, her total wealth was estimated at A$75 million. She oversaw a rapid expansion of the company over the following decade, and due to the iron ore boom of the early 2000s became a nominal billionaire in 2006. In the 2010s, Rinehart began to expand her holdings into areas outside the mining industry. She made sizeable investments in Ten Network Holdings and Fairfax Media (although she sold her interest in the latter in 2015), and also expanded into agriculture, buying several cattle stations.\nRinehart was Australia's wealthiest person from 2011 to 2015, according to both Forbes and The Australian Financial Review. Her wealth peaked at around A$29 billion in 2012, at which point she overtook Christy Walton as the world's richest woman and was included on the Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women. Rinehart's net worth dropped significantly over the following few years due to a slowdown in the Australian mining sector, however her fortune remains immense.", "Q25797": "\u017dilina (Slovak pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0292ilina]; Hungarian: Zsolna, [\u0292oln\u0252]; German: Sillein, [zi\u02c8la\u026a\u032fn] or [\u02c8z\u026ala\u026a\u032fn]; Polish: \u017bylina [\u0292\u0268\u02c8lina], names in other languages) is a city in north-western Slovakia, around 200 kilometres (120 mi) from the capital Bratislava, close to both the Czech and Polish borders. It is the fourth largest city of Slovakia with a population of approximately 80,000, an important industrial center, the largest city on the V\u00e1h river, and the seat of a kraj (\u017dilina Region) and of an okres (\u017dilina District). It belongs to the Upper V\u00e1h region of tourism.", "Q441008": "Stephanie A. Romanov (born January 24, 1969) is an American model and actress, best known for playing Lilah Morgan on Angel.", "Q7405": "The Sui dynasty (Chinese: \u968b\u671d; pinyin: Su\u00ed ch\u00e1o) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China of pivotal significance. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties and reinstalled the rule of ethnic Chinese in the entirety of China proper, along with sinicization of former nomadic ethnic minorities (Five Barbarians) within its territory. It was succeeded by the Tang dynasty, which largely inherited its foundation.\nFounded by Emperor Wen of Sui, the Sui dynasty capital was Chang'an (which was renamed Daxing, modern Xi'an) from 581\u2013605 and later Luoyang (605\u2013618). Emperors Wen and Yang undertook various centralized reforms, most notably the equal-field system, intended to reduce economic inequality and improve agricultural productivity; the institution of the Three Departments and Six Ministries system; and the standardization and re-unification of the coinage. They also spread and encouraged Buddhism throughout the empire. By the middle of the dynasty, the newly unified empire entered a golden age of prosperity with vast agricultural surplus that supported rapid population growth.\nA lasting legacy of the Sui dynasty was the Grand Canal. With the eastern capital Luoyang at the center of the network, it linked the west-lying capital Chang'an to the economic and agricultural centers of the east towards Hangzhou, and to the northern border near modern Beijing. While the pressing initial motives were for shipment of grains to the capital, and for transporting troops and military logistics, the reliable inland shipment links would facilitate domestic trades, flow of people and cultural exchange for centuries. Along with the extension of the Great Wall, and the construction of the eastern capital city of Luoyang, these mega projects, led by an efficient centralized bureaucracy, would amass millions of conscripted workers from the large population base, at heavy cost of human lives.\nAfter a series of costly and disastrous military campaigns against Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, ended in defeat by 614, the dynasty disintegrated under a series of popular revolts culminating in the assassination of Emperor Yang by his ministers in 618. The dynasty, which lasted only thirty-seven years, was undermined by ambitious wars and construction projects, which overstretched its resources. Particularly, under Emperor Yang, heavy taxation and compulsory labor duties would eventually induce widespread revolts and brief civil war following the fall of the dynasty.\nThe dynasty is often compared to the earlier Qin dynasty for unifying China after prolonged division. Wide-ranging reforms and construction projects were undertaken to consolidate the newly unified state, with long-lasting influences beyond their short dynastic reigns.", "Q861023": "Juan Natalicio Gonz\u00e1lez Paredes (8 September 1897 \u2013 6 December 1966) was a Paraguayan poet who served as President of Paraguay from 15 August 1948 to 30 January 1949.", "Q188955": "Matthew David McConaughey (; born November 4, 1969) is an American actor and producer. He first gained notice for his supporting performance in the coming-of-age comedy Dazed and Confused (1993), considered by many to be his breakout role. After a number of supporting roles in films including Angels in the Outfield (1994) and Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1994), his breakthrough performance as a leading man came in the legal drama A Time to Kill (1996). He followed this with leading performances in the science fiction film Contact (1997) and the historical drama Amistad (1997), the comedy-drama The Newton Boys (1998), the satire EDtv (1999), the war film U-571 (2000), and the psychological thriller Frailty (2001).\nIn the 2000s, McConaughey became best known for starring in romantic comedies, including The Wedding Planner (2001), How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days (2003), Failure to Launch (2006), Fool's Gold (2008), and Ghosts of Girlfriends Past (2009), establishing him as a sex symbol. After a two-year hiatus from film acting, McConaughey began to appear in more dramatic roles beginning with the legal drama The Lincoln Lawyer (2011). He was acclaimed for his supporting performances in Bernie (2011), Magic Mike (2012) and The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), and for his leading roles in Killer Joe (2011) and Mud (2012).McConaughey's portrayal of Ron Woodroof, a cowboy diagnosed with AIDS, in the biopic Dallas Buyers Club (2013) earned him widespread praise and numerous accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Actor. In 2014, he starred as Rust Cohle in the first season of HBO's crime anthology series True Detective, for which he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series. His film roles since have included Interstellar (2014), The Sea of Trees (2015), Free State of Jones (2016), Gold (2016), and The Dark Tower (2017), earning varying degrees of commercial and critical success, as well as voice work in Kubo and the Two Strings (2016) and Sing (2016).", "Q66862": "Sisikon is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. It is situated on the shore of Lake Lucerne.", "Q57467": "J\u00e1nos \u00c1der (Hungarian: [\u02c8ja\u02d0no\u0283 \u02c8a\u02d0d\u025br]; born 9 May 1959) is a Hungarian politician and lawyer who has been the President of Hungary since 10 May 2012. Previously he served as speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary from 1998 to 2002 and deputy chairman of the European Parliament Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety from January to May 2012.", "Q78484": "Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (27 (or 25) February 1861 \u2013 30 March 1925) was an Austrian philosopher, social reformer, architect, esotericist, and claimed clairvoyant. Steiner gained initial recognition at the end of the nineteenth century as a literary critic and published philosophical works including The Philosophy of Freedom. At the beginning of the twentieth century he founded an esoteric spiritual movement, anthroposophy, with roots in German idealist philosophy and theosophy; other influences include Goethean science and Rosicrucianism.In the first, more philosophically oriented phase of this movement, Steiner attempted to find a synthesis between science and spirituality. His philosophical work of these years, which he termed \"spiritual science\", sought to apply the clarity of thinking characteristic of Western philosophy to spiritual questions, differentiating this approach from what he considered to be vaguer approaches to mysticism. In a second phase, beginning around 1907, he began working collaboratively in a variety of artistic media, including drama, the movement arts (developing a new artistic form, eurythmy) and architecture, culminating in the building of the Goetheanum, a cultural centre to house all the arts. In the third phase of his work, beginning after World War I, Steiner worked to establish various practical endeavors, including Waldorf education, biodynamic agriculture, and anthroposophical medicine.Steiner advocated a form of ethical individualism, to which he later brought a more explicitly spiritual approach. He based his epistemology on Johann Wolfgang Goethe's world view, in which \"Thinking\u2026 is no more and no less an organ of perception than the eye or ear. Just as the eye perceives colours and the ear sounds, so thinking perceives ideas.\" A consistent thread that runs from his earliest philosophical phase through his later spiritual orientation is the goal of demonstrating that there are no essential limits to human knowledge.\n\n", "Q434497": "Meredith Louise Vieira (born December 30, 1953) is an American broadcast journalist and television personality. She is best known as the original moderator of the daytime talk show The View (1997\u20132006), the original host of the syndicated daytime version of the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (2002\u20132013), and as co-host of the NBC morning news program Today (2006\u20132011). She currently hosts the syndicated weekday game show 25 Words or Less.\nVieira has also been a contributor to Dateline NBC, Rock Center with Brian Williams, and NBC Nightly News, and hosted the Lifetime television series Intimate Portrait (1994\u20132005). From 2014 to 2016, she hosted her own syndicated daytime talk show, The Meredith Vieira Show.", "Q93343": "Percy Bysshe Shelley ( (listen) BISH; 4 August 1792 \u2013 8 July 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets, widely regarded as one of the finest lyric and philosophical poets in the English language. A radical in his poetry as well as in his political and social views, Shelley did not see fame during his lifetime, but recognition of his achievements in poetry grew steadily following his death. Shelley became a key member of a close circle of visionary poets and writers that included Lord Byron, John Keats, Leigh Hunt, Thomas Love Peacock and his own second wife, Mary Shelley (the author of Frankenstein).\nShelley is perhaps best known for classic poems such as \"Ozymandias\", \"Ode to the West Wind\", \"To a Skylark\", \"Music, When Soft Voices Die\", \"The Cloud\" and The Masque of Anarchy. His other major works include a groundbreaking verse drama, The Cenci (1819), and long, visionary, philosophical poems such as Queen Mab (later reworked as The Daemon of the World), Alastor, The Revolt of Islam, Adonais, Prometheus Unbound (1820)\u2014widely considered his masterpiece, Hellas: A Lyrical Drama (1821) and his final, unfinished work, The Triumph of Life (1822).\nShelley's close circle of friends included some of the most important progressive/radical thinkers of his day, including his father-in-law, the philosopher William Godwin (1756\u20131836), and Leigh Hunt (1784\u20131859). Though Shelley's poetry and prose output remained steady throughout his life, most publishers and journals declined to publish his work for fear of being arrested for either blasphemy or sedition. Shelley's poetry sometimes had only an underground readership during his day, but his poetic achievements have become widely recognized today, and his political and social thought had an impact on the Chartist and other movements in England, and reach down to the present day. Shelley's theories of economics and morality, for example, had a profound influence on Karl Marx (1818\u20131883); his early\u2014perhaps first\u2014writings on nonviolent resistance influenced Leo Tolstoy (1828\u20131910), whose writings on the subject in turn influenced Mahatma Gandhi, and through him Martin Luther King Jr. and others practicing nonviolence during the American civil rights movement.\nShelley became a lodestar to the subsequent three or four generations of poets, including important Victorian and Pre-Raphaelite poets such as Robert Browning (1812\u20131889) and Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828\u20131882). Admirers have included Oscar Wilde, Thomas Hardy, George Bernard Shaw, Leo Tolstoy, Bertrand Russell, W. B. Yeats, Upton Sinclair and Isadora Duncan. Henry David Thoreau's Civil Disobedience (1849) apparently shows the influence of Shelley's writings and theories on nonviolence in protest and political action. Shelley's popularity and influence has continued to grow in contemporary poetry circles.", "Q220861": "Kontor Records is a record label based in Hamburg, Germany. The label's artist roster includes ATB, Ti\u00ebsto, Armin van Buuren and Scooter. Jens Thele is the head manager of Kontor and is also the manager of Scooter.", "Q208135": "Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (Arabic: \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0627\u0641\u064a\u200e; born 25 June 1972) is a Libyan political figure. He is the second son of the late Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and his second wife Safia Farkash. He was a part of his father's inner circle, performing public relations and diplomatic roles on his behalf. He publicly turned down his father's offer of the country's second highest post and held no official government position. According to American State Department officials in Tripoli, during his father's reign, he was the second most widely recognized person in Libya, being at times the \"de facto\" Prime Minister, and was mentioned as a possible successor, though he rejected this. An arrest warrant was issued for him on 27 June 2011 by the International Criminal Court (ICC) for charges of crimes against humanity against the Libyan people, for killing and persecuting civilians, under Articles 7(1)(a) and 7(1)(h) of the Rome statute. He denied the charges.Gaddafi was captured in southern Libya by the Zintan militia on 19 November 2011, after the end of the Libyan Civil War, and flown by plane to Zintan. He was sentenced to death on 28 July 2015 by a court in Tripoli for crimes during the civil war, in a widely criticised trial conducted in absentia. He remained in the custody of the de facto independent authorities of Zintan. On 10 June 2017, he was released from prison in Zintan, according to a statement from Abu Bakr al-Siddiq Battalion. Later the same month, his full amnesty was declared by the Tobruk-based government led by Khalifa Haftar. As of December 2019, Gaddafi remained wanted under his ICC arrest warrant for crimes against humanity.", "Q365497": "Adolph Rickenbacker (April 3, 1886 \u2013 March 21, 1976) was a Swiss-American electrical engineer who co-founded the Rickenbacker guitar company along with George Beauchamp and Paul Barth.\nRickenbacker was born in Basel, Switzerland as Adolf Rickenbacher. He immigrated in 1891 to the United States with older relatives after his parents died, settling in Columbus Ohio and later southern California. He Anglicized both his own name, and that of his company, to Rickenbacker to capitalize on the popularity of his distant cousin, America's top Flying Ace Eddie Rickenbacker. The World War I ace himself had felt pressure to change the spelling of his name because of the wave of anti-German sentiment caused by the war, in an effort to \"take the Hun out of his name.\" Eddie was already well known at the time, so the change received wide publicity. \"From then on\", as he wrote in his autobiography, \"most Rickenbachers were practically forced to spell their name in the way I had...\"Adolph Rickenbacker died from cancer in Orange County, California in 1976 at the age of 89.", "Q122770": "Bernhard Seeger (October 6, 1927 \u2013 March 14, 1999) was a German author.", "Q200569": "Dutch people (Dutch: Nederlanders) or the Dutch are a Germanic ethnic group and nation native to the Netherlands. They share a common ancestry, culture and speak the Dutch language. Dutch people and their descendants are found in migrant communities worldwide, notably in Aruba, Suriname, Guyana, Cura\u00e7ao, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, and the United States. The Low Countries were situated around the border of France and the Holy Roman Empire, forming a part of their respective peripheries, and the various territories of which they consisted had become virtually autonomous by the 13th century. Under the Habsburgs, the Netherlands were organised into a single administrative unit, and in the 16th and 17th centuries the Northern Netherlands gained independence from Spain as the Dutch Republic. The high degree of urbanization characteristic of Dutch society was attained at a relatively early date. During the Republic the first series of large-scale Dutch migrations outside of Europe took place.\nThe Dutch people are generally seen as the pioneers of capitalism, and their emphasis on a modern economy, secularism, and a free market has been hugely influential worldwide.The traditional arts and culture of the Dutch encompasses various forms of traditional music, dances, architectural styles and clothing, some of which are globally recognizable. Internationally, Dutch painters such as Rembrandt, Vermeer and Van Gogh are held in high regard. The dominant religion of the Dutch was Christianity (both Catholic and Protestant), although in modern times the majority are no longer religious. Significant percentages of the Dutch are adherents of humanism, agnosticism, atheism or individual spirituality.\n\n", "Q375684": "Tadeusz Witold Szulc (July 25, 1926 \u2013 May 21, 2001) was an author and foreign correspondent for The New York Times from 1953 to 1972. Szulc is credited with breaking the story of the Bay of Pigs invasion.", "Q174536": "Lucius Cornelius Lentulus was a Roman politician in the second half of the 2nd century BC.\nHe was elected consul in 130 BC together with Marcus Perperna. However, he died before the end of his year-long term and was succeeded by the consul suffectus Appius Claudius Pulcher.", "Q313501": "Matthew Gray Gubler (; born March 9, 1980) is an American actor, filmmaker, fashion model, painter, and author. He is best known for his role as criminal profiler Dr. Spencer Reid in the CBS television show Criminal Minds, of which he has also directed eleven episodes. Gubler has appeared in The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, (500) Days of Summer, Life After Beth, Suburban Gothic, Newness, and as the voice of Simon in Alvin and the Chipmunks and its three sequels.", "Q1395950": "Jesse Bonds Weaver Jr. (born June 22, 1962), better known by the stage name Schoolly D (sometimes spelled Schooly D), is an American rapper from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Q1460980": "Joseph David Beck (March 14, 1866 \u2013 November 8, 1936) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin.\nBorn near Bloomingdale, in Vernon County, Wisconsin, Beck graduated from Stevens Point Normal School and the University of Wisconsin. He worked in the Wisconsin Bureau of Statistics and was a farmer and livestock dealer. Beck was elected a Republican to the Sixty-seventh United States Congress and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1921 \u2013 March 3, 1929). He was elected as the representative of Wisconsin's 7th congressional district. In 1928 he passed on running for another term in office to instead unsuccessfully ran for the Republican nomination of Governor of Wisconsin. Later Beck worked with the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture. He died in Madison, Wisconsin.", "Q259193": "Mathilda May (born Karin Ha\u00efm; 8 February 1965) is a French film actress.", "Q276170": "Alejandro S\u00e1nchez Pizarro, better known as Alejandro Sanz (Spanish pronunciation: [ale\u02c8xand\u027eo \u02c8san\u03b8]; born December 18, 1968), is a Spanish musician, singer and composer. Sanz has won 17 Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Awards. He has received the Latin Grammy for Album of the Year three times, more than any other artist. The singer is notable for his flamenco-influenced ballads, and has also experimented with several other genres including pop, rock, funk, R&B and jazz.\nBorn in Madrid to parents from Andalusia, Sanz began playing guitar at age seven, taking influence from his family's flamenco roots. Sanz released his debut album at age nineteen, although he did not gain commercial success in Spain until his second release, Viviendo Deprisa. His next two records, Si T\u00fa Me Miras (1993) and 3 (1995) also fared well commercially, but it was his 1997 breakthrough album M\u00e1s that garnered international success. El Alma al Aire followed in 2000, selling more than a million copies in its first week. In 2002, he became the first Spanish artist to record an MTV Unplugged album.\nHis collaboration with Shakira on the 2005 single \"La Tortura\" reached number one on several charts worldwide. He experimented with more diverse styles of music with the albums No Es lo Mismo (2003) and El Tren de los Momentos (2006), while his 2009 release, Para\u00edso Express served as a return to form for the musician. Sanz signed to Universal Music Group in 2011 and released his tenth studio album, La M\u00fasica No Se Toca, in 2012, followed by Sirope in 2015.", "Q547684": "Jeannie C. Riley (born Jeanne Carolyn Stephenson; October 19, 1945) is an American country music and gospel singer. She is best known for her 1968 country and pop hit \"Harper Valley PTA\", which missed by one week simultaneously becoming the Billboard Country and Pop number-one hit.In subsequent years, she had moderate chart success with country music, but never again duplicated the success of \"Harper Valley PTA\". She became a born-again Christian and began recording gospel music during the late 1970s.", "Q125590": "Jordan Carver (birth name Ina-Maria Schnitzer), (born 30 January 1986) is a German glamour model and actress.\n\n", "Q2331208": "Gadget Boy & Heather is a 1995-1998 animated television series from DIC Productions, L.P. and France Animation. The series debuted in 1995 in first-run syndication in the United States on Bohbot Entertainment's Amazin' Adventures II block and on M6 in France.\nThis series is about \"Gadget Boy\", a bionic kid-detective with a personality similar to that of Inspector Gadget. Just as maladroit as the original Inspector Gadget, Gadget Boy was usually bailed out of situations by the more practical Heather, though he was also helped greatly by his myriad high-tech gadgets and extendable arms and legs. Gadget Boy's bionic implants were installed by Switzerland-based inventor Myron Dabble (Maurice LaMarche) who has an unrequited crush on Heather. Gadget Boy and Heather receive their assignments from Italy-based Chief Stromboli (Maurice LaMarche), who, much like Chief Quimby, is a frequent, long-suffering victim of Gadget Boy's bungling. Gadget Boy is assisted by the beautiful and resourceful agent Heather (Tara Charendoff), a very tall equivalent of sorts to Penny (the difference being that Heather is in her early 20s). He is also assisted by a robotic dog named G-9 (Maurice LaMarche), who serves as the \"Brain\" of this series, which shows through his morphing capabilities to get the gang out of the stickiest situations.\nThe main villain of this series, instead of Dr. Claw, is the mask-wearing six-armed villainess Spydra (Louise Vallance) who is accompanied by Boris, a frequently abused, wisecracking, sarcastic vulture with a Russian accent, along with her henchmen Mulch and his twin brother Houmous, all played by Maurice LaMarche.\nThe main title theme song was written and performed by Mike Piccirillo. Musical underscore composers were Mike Piccirillo and Jean-Michel Guirao.", "Q29422": "Boca Raton ( r\u0259-TOHN), often referred to as simply Boca, is the southernmost city in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. It was first incorporated on August 2, 1924, as \"Bocaratone,\" and then incorporated as \"Boca Raton\" in 1925. The 2018 population estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau was 99,244. However, approximately 200,000 people with a Boca Raton postal address live outside its municipal boundaries, in newer developments such as West Boca Raton. As a business center, the city experiences significant daytime population increases. It is one of the wealthiest cities in Florida, with common sights of yachts, private jets, exotic cars, and mansions which are concentrated in the Downtown, Coastal, and Gated Country Club Communities. Boca Raton is 43 miles (69 km) north of Miami and is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which had a population of 6,012,331 people as of 2015.\nBoca Raton is home to the main campus of Florida Atlantic University and the corporate headquarters of Office Depot, ADT, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, and Bluegreen Corporation. It is also home to the Evert Tennis Academy, owned by former professional tennis player Chris Evert. Boca Town Center, an upscale shopping center in central Boca Raton, is the largest indoor mall in Palm Beach County. The downtown is centered around Mizner Park.\nMany buildings in the area have a Mediterranean Revival or Spanish Colonial Revival architectural theme, initially inspired by Addison Mizner, a resort architect who heavily influenced the city's early development. Still today, Boca Raton has a strict development code for the size and types of commercial buildings, building signs, and advertisements that may be erected within the city limits. No outdoor car dealerships are allowed in the municipality. No billboards are permitted; the city's only billboard was grandfathered in during annexation. The strict development code has led to several major thoroughfares without large signs or advertisements in the traveler's view. However, that regulation does not apply for West Boca Raton which lies outside of city limits. Palm Beach County laws have jurisdiction over that territory.", "Q181540": "Quantum of Solace is a 2008 spy film and the twenty-second in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions. Directed by Marc Forster and written by Paul Haggis, Neal Purvis and Robert Wade, it is a direct sequel to Casino Royale, and the second film to star Daniel Craig as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. The film also stars Olga Kurylenko, Mathieu Amalric, Gemma Arterton, Jeffrey Wright, and Judi Dench. In the film, Bond seeks revenge for the death of his lover, Vesper Lynd, and is assisted by Camille Montes, who is plotting revenge for the murder of her own family. The trail eventually leads them to wealthy businessman Dominic Greene, a member of the Quantum organisation, which intends to stage a coup d'\u00e9tat in Bolivia to seize control of their water supply. \nProducer Michael G. Wilson developed the film's plot while the previous film in the series was being shot, and Purvis, Wade, and Haggis contributed to the script. Although Craig and Forster wrote some sections themselves during the screenwriter strike, they received no writing credits in the final cut. The title was chosen from a 1959 short story in Ian Fleming's For Your Eyes Only, though the film does not contain any elements of that story. Location filming took place in Mexico, Panama, Chile, Italy, Austria and Wales, while interior sets were built and filmed at Pinewood Studios. Forster aimed to make a modern film that also featured classic cinema motifs: a vintage Douglas DC-3 was used for a flight sequence, and Dennis Gassner's set designs are reminiscent of Ken Adam's work on several early Bond films. Taking a course away from the usual Bond villains, Forster rejected any grotesque appearance for the character Dominic Greene to emphasise the hidden and secret nature of the film's contemporary villains.\nThe film was also marked by its frequent depictions of violence, with a 2012 study by the University of Otago in New Zealand finding it to be the most violent film in the franchise. Whereas Dr. No featured 109 \"trivial or severely violent\" acts, Quantum of Solace had a count of 250\u2014the most depictions of violence in any Bond film\u2014even more prominent since it was also the shortest film in the franchise. Quantum of Solace premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square on 29 October 2008, garnering generally polarized reviews, which mainly praised Craig's performance, the darker, grittier and realistic tone and the film's action sequences, but felt that the film was less impressive than its predecessor, Casino Royale. As of September 2016, it is the fourth-highest-grossing James Bond film, without adjusting for inflation, earning $589 million worldwide, and becoming the seventh highest-grossing film of 2008.\n\n", "Q113022": "Christoph Ransmayr (born 20 March 1954) is an Austrian writer.", "Q236554": "Marie-Jeanne 'Manon' Roland de la Plati\u00e8re (Paris, March 17, 1754 \u2013 Paris, November 8, 1793), born Marie-Jeanne Phlipon, and best known under the name Madame Roland, was a French revolutionary, salonni\u00e8re and writer.\nInitially she led a quiet and unremarkable life as a provincial intellectual with her husband, the economist Jean-Marie Roland de la Plati\u00e8re. She became interested in politics only when the French Revolution broke out in 1789. She spent the first years of the revolution in Lyon, where her husband was elected to the city council. During this period she developed a network of contacts with politicians and journalists; her reports on developments in Lyon were published in national revolutionary newspapers.\nIn 1791 the couple settled in Paris, where Madame Roland soon established herself as a leading figure within the political group the Girondins, one of the more moderate revolutionary factions. She was known for her intelligence, astute political analyses and her tenacity, and was a good lobbyist and negotiator. The salon she hosted in her home several times a week was an important meeting place for politicians. However, she was also convinced of her own intellectual and moral superiority and alienated important political leaders like Robespierre and Danton.\nUnlike the feminist revolutionaries Olympe des Gouges and Etta Palm, Madame Roland was not an advocate for political rights for women. She believed that women should play a very modest role in public and political life. Already during her lifetime, many found this difficult to reconcile with her own active involvement in politics and her important role within the Girondins.\nWhen her husband unexpectedly became Minister of the Interior in 1792, her political influence grew. She had control over the content of ministerial letters, memorandums and speeches, was involved in decisions about political appointments, and was in charge of a bureau set up to influence public opinion in France. She was both admired and reviled, and particularly hated by the sans-culottes of Paris. The publicists Marat and H\u00e9bert conducted a smear campaign against Madame Roland as part of the power struggle between the Girondins and the more radical Jacobins and Montagnards. In June 1793, she was the first Girondin to be arrested during the Terror and was guillotined a few months later.\nMadame Roland wrote her memoirs while she was imprisoned in the months before her execution. They are \u2013 like her letters \u2013 a valuable source of information about the first years of the French Revolution.", "Q207951": "Cl\u00e9ment Philibert L\u00e9o Delibes (French: [klem\u0251\u0303 filib\u025b\u0281 leo d\u0259lib]; 21 February 1836 \u2013 16 January 1891) was a French composer, best known for his ballets and operas. His works include the ballets Copp\u00e9lia (1870) and Sylvia (1876) and the opera Lakm\u00e9 (1883).\nBorn into a musical family, Delibes enrolled at France's foremost music academy, the Conservatoire de Paris, when he was twelve, studying under several professors including Adolphe Adam. After composing light comic op\u00e9rettes in the 1850s and 1860s, while also serving as a church organist, Delibes achieved public recognition for his music for the ballet La Source in 1866. His later ballets Copp\u00e9lia and Sylvia were key works in the development of modern ballet, giving the music much greater importance than previously. He composed a small number of m\u00e9lodies, some of which are still performed frequently.\nDelibes had several attempts at writing more serious operas, and achieved a considerable critical and commercial success in 1883 with Lakm\u00e9. In his later years he joined the faculty of the Conservatoire, teaching composition. He died at his home in Paris at the age of 54. Copp\u00e9lia and Sylvia remain core works in the international ballet repertoire, and Lakm\u00e9 is revived from time to time in opera houses.", "Q103231": "Carl Miele (25 July 1869, in Herzebrock \u2013 24 December 1938, in G\u00fctersloh) was a German businessman. He was a company co-founder of the German company Miele.\n\n", "Q39631": "A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a professional who practises medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining, or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and methods of treatment\u2014known as specialities\u2014or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities\u2014known as general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines, such as anatomy and physiology, underlying diseases and their treatment\u2014the science of medicine\u2014and also a decent competence in its applied practice\u2014the art or craft of medicine.\nBoth the role of the physician and the meaning of the word itself vary around the world. Degrees and other qualifications vary widely, but there are some common elements, such as medical ethics requiring that physicians show consideration, compassion, and benevolence for their patients.", "Q180886": "Med Hondo (born Mohamed Abid Hondo; 4 May 1936 \u2013 2 March 2019) was a Mauritanian film director, producer, screenwriter, actor and voice actor. He emigrated to France in 1959 and began to work in film during the 1960s. He received critical acclaim for his 1967 directorial d\u00e9but Soleil O.\n\n", "Q82919": "Alessandro Rossi (born 10 August 1967) was one of the two Captains Regent of San Marino for the six-month term from April 1 to October 1, 2007, together with Alessandro Mancini.\nRossi is a member of the United Left.", "Q206497": "The Blind Side is a 2009 American biographical sports drama film written and directed by John Lee Hancock, based on the 2006 book The Blind Side: Evolution of a Game by Michael Lewis. The storyline features Michael Oher, an offensive lineman who was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). The film follows Oher from his impoverished upbringing, through his years at Wingate Christian School (a fictional representation of Briarcrest Christian School in Memphis, Tennessee), his adoption by Sean and Leigh Anne Tuohy, to his position as one of the most highly coveted prospects in college football, then finally becoming a first-round pick of the Ravens.\nQuinton Aaron stars as Michael Oher, alongside Sandra Bullock as Leigh Anne Tuohy, Tim McGraw as Sean Tuohy, and Kathy Bates as Miss Sue, Oher's tutor. The film also features appearances by several current and former NCAA coaches, including Houston Nutt, Ed Orgeron, Nick Saban, Lou Holtz, Tommy Tuberville, and Phillip Fulmer.The Blind Side grossed over $300 million. Bullock went on to win the Academy Award for Best Actress, as well as the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture \u2013 Drama and Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role. The film also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Picture, in the first year that the rules required a mandatory number of ten (previously five) Best Picture nominees, with the nomination considered a surprise by the producers; the Academy later changed their mandatory requirement to now allow \"up to\" ten nominees.", "Q13972": "Tartu (Estonian pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0251rt\u02d1u], South Estonian: Tarto) is the second largest city of Estonia, after Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn.\nTartu is often considered the intellectual centre of the country, especially since it is home to the nation's oldest and most renowned university, the University of Tartu. The city also houses the Supreme Court of Estonia, the Ministry of Education and Research, and the new building of the Estonian National Museum, opened to the public in October 2016.\nIt is also the birthplace of Estonian Song Festivals.\nSituated 186 kilometres (116 miles) southeast of Tallinn and 245 kilometres (152 miles) northeast of Riga, Tartu lies on the Emaj\u00f5gi (\"Mother river\"), which connects the two largest lakes of Estonia. The city is served by Tartu Airport.", "Q5909848": "Hot Club Records is a jazz record label established 1982, by guitarist Jon Larsen in Oslo, Norway. The label has released over 350 CDs, DVDs and books, mostly jazz related.Some artists on Hot Club Records: Chet Baker, Philip Catherine, Warne Marsh, and the poet Jan Erik Vold.\nIn 1988 Hot Club Records established the Vintage Guitar Series, which became influential on the international renaissance of the gypsy jazz, inspired by the music of Django Reinhardt. Some artists in this series are Stephane Grappelli, Stochelo Rosenberg, Angelo Debarre, Jon Larsen, Andreas Oberg, and Jimmy Rosenberg.\nIn 2006 Hot Club Records established the label Zonic Entertainment, with music inspired by Frank Zappa. Some artists on this label are Tommy Mars, Arthur Barrow, Jon Larsen, Jimmy Carl Black, Bruce Fowler, Walt Fowler, and Vinnie Colaiuta.", "Q55927": "Jan Ferdynand Olszewski (['jan \u0254l\u02c8\u0282\u025bfsk\u02b2i] (listen); 20 August 1930 \u2013 7 February 2019) was a Polish conservative lawyer and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Poland for five months between December 1991 and early June 1992 and later became a leading figure of the national conservative Movement for the Reconstruction of Poland. Olszewski's premiership was the second shortest in the history of the Third Republic.", "Q440841": "Maria Pitillo (born January 8, 1965) is a former American actress who has starred in film and on TV, most notably as Audrey Timmonds in Godzilla (1998). She also had a recurring role on the TV series Providence.", "Q195535": "Jean-Marc Leclercq (also known as JoMo) is a French singer and Esperantist from Toulouse. The former singer of the group Les Rosemary\u2019s Babies (or La Rozmariaj Beboj) who published two CDs with the French record production company Boucherie et Willins Production, he holds the Guinness Record for singing rock and traditional songs in over 22 languages.\nHe also plays with two groups, as Jomo and the Libertarians (JoMo kaj Liberecanoj), and occasionally with Jomo and the Mammoths (JoMo kaj la mamutoj).", "Q326035": "Hani Azer (Coptic: \u03e8\u2c81\u2c9b\u2c93 \u2c80\u2c8d\u2c89\u2ca3, Arabic: \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0631\u200e; born 1948) is an Egyptian civil engineer. He was born in Tanta, Egypt to a Coptic family and moved to Cairo for High School and University. In 1973, after earning BSc(Engg) degree from the Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University. he moved to Germany to study Post-Graduation in Civil Engineering in Bochum.\nAzer headed the construction of the tunnel beneath Berlin's Tiergarten in 1994. Subsequently, he became the Chief Engineer of Germany's fourth largest train station in Berlin, Germany, also known as the Berlin Hauptbahnhof. The station is a modernistic structure with a roof built almost entirely of glass blocks. The project cost $700 million. Berliners voting Azer 13th among the top 50 Berliners of the year in 2006.\nAzer was honored by the German Chancellor Angela Merkel on 26 May 2006 at the inauguration of the Berlin Hauptbahnhof. Azer was also later honored by Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak . On 1 October 2006, Azer received one of Berlin's most respected distinctions: the Verdienstorden des Landes Berlin (Merit of the State of Berlin), for outstanding service to the state. Azer is also considered nowadays as one of the top Tunnelling and Bridges Engineers at the global level.\n\n", "Q4062566": "Allegheny College is a private liberal arts college in Meadville, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1815, Allegheny is the oldest college in continuous existence under the same name west of the Allegheny Mountains. It is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference and it is regionally accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.", "Q15816836": "A bacteriologist is a professional trained in bacteriology, a subdivision of microbiology. The duties of a bacteriologist include prevention, diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, as well as health care, and they may carry out various functions such as epidemiological surveillance, quality auditing with biotechnology development, basic research, management and teaching related to the career, scientist management, laboratory coordination and blood banks.", "Q609553": "G\u00f6ran Jakob Rosenberg (born 11 October 1948) is a Swedish journalist and author.", "Q3462736": "Samuel Gustaf Hermelin (4 April 1744, Stockholm \u2013 4 March 1820) was a Swedish industrialist, diplomat and cartographer. Samuel Gustaf also belonged to the Swedish nobility. He attended the University of Uppsala for mining. In 1782, he went to the United States to study the mining operations and served as the first Swedish ambassador to the United States. He eventually moved back to Sweden and owned a mining company in Lapland. Samuel Gustaf was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1784.", "Q1807438": "Sascha Gerstner (born 2 April 1977) is a German musician, producer and songwriter, best known as one of the guitarists and backing vocalists of power metal band Helloween since 2003. He is also a former member of Freedom Call.", "Q214093": "Ernst Philipp Karl Lange (21 December 1813 \u2013 20 February 1899) was a German novelist who wrote under the pseudonym Philipp Galen.", "Q460549": "Ruby Wax (n\u00e9e Ruby Wachs; 19 April 1953) is an American actress, comedian, mental health campaigner, lecturer, and author who has resided in the United Kingdom since the 1970s.A classically trained actress, Wax starred in the sitcom Girls on Top (1985\u201386), and came to prominence as a comic interviewer, playing up to British perceptions of the strident American style, in shows including The Full Wax (1991\u201394), Ruby Wax Meets... (1994\u201398) and Ruby (1997\u20132000). She was the script editor for the sitcom Absolutely Fabulous (1992\u20132012), also appearing in two episodes. Her memoirs, How Do You Want Me? (2002), reached the Sunday Times best-seller list.\nWax studied psychology at the University of California, Berkeley but did not complete her degree and in 2013 she gained a master's degree in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy from Kellogg College, Oxford. In 2015, she was appointed a Visiting Professor in Mental Health Nursing at the University of Surrey.", "Q106349": "Fanny Marguerite Judith Ardant (born 22 March 1949) is a French actress. She has appeared in more than eighty motion pictures since 1976. Ardant won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress in 1997 for her performance in P\u00e9dale douce.", "Q6294": "Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (n\u00e9e Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician, diplomat, lawyer, writer, and public speaker. She served as First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001, as a United States senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, and as the 67th United States secretary of state from 2009 until 2013. Clinton became the first woman to be nominated for president of the United States by a major political party when she won the Democratic Party nomination in 2016. She was the first woman to win the popular vote in an American presidential election, which she lost to Donald Trump.\nRaised in the Chicago suburb of Park Ridge, Clinton graduated from Wellesley College in 1969 and earned a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1973. After serving as a congressional legal counsel, she moved to Arkansas and married future president Bill Clinton in 1975; the two had met at Yale. In 1977, she co-founded Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families. She was appointed the first female chair of the Legal Services Corporation in 1978 and became the first female partner at Little Rock's Rose Law Firm the following year. Clinton was the first lady of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and again from 1983 to 1992.\nAs First Lady of the United States, Clinton advocated for healthcare reform. In 1994, her major initiative\u2014the Clinton health care plan\u2014failed to gain approval from Congress. In 1997 and 1999, Clinton played a leading role in advocating the creation of the State Children's Health Insurance Program, the Adoption and Safe Families Act and the Foster Care Independence Act. Her marital relationship came under public scrutiny during the Lewinsky scandal, which led her to issue a statement that reaffirmed her commitment to the marriage.\nIn 2000, Clinton was elected as the first female senator from New York. She was re-elected in 2006. During her Senate tenure, Clinton advocated for medical benefits for first responders whose health was damaged in the September 11 attacks. In 2008, Clinton ran for president but was defeated by eventual winner Barack Obama in the Democratic primaries.\nClinton was U.S. secretary of state in the Obama Administration from 2009 to 2013. During her tenure, Clinton responded to the Arab Spring by advocating military intervention in Libya. She was harshly criticized by Republicans for the failure to prevent or adequately respond to the 2012 Benghazi attack. Clinton helped to organize a diplomatic isolation and a regime of international sanctions against Iran in an effort to force it to curtail its nuclear program; this effort eventually led to the multinational Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action agreement in 2015. Her use of a private e-mail server during her time as Secretary of State was the subject of intense scrutiny; while no charges were filed against Clinton, the e-mail controversy was the single most covered topic during the 2016 presidential election. Upon leaving her Cabinet position after Obama's first term, she wrote her fifth book and undertook speaking engagements.\nClinton made a second presidential run in 2016. After winning the Democratic nomination, she ran in the general election with Virginia Senator Tim Kaine as her running mate. Clinton lost the presidential election to Republican opponent Donald Trump in the Electoral College despite winning a plurality of the popular vote. Following her loss, she wrote her third memoir, What Happened, and launched Onward Together, a political action organization dedicated to fundraising for progressive political groups. She is the current chancellor of Queen's University Belfast in Belfast, Northern Ireland.", "Q1332251": "Elliot \"Ellie\" Mannette (5 November 1927 \u2013 29 August 2018) was a Trinidadian musical instrument maker and steel pan musician, also known as \"father of the modern steel pan instrument\".", "Q159895": "The University of Rostock (Rostock University, German: Universit\u00e4t Rostock) is a public university located in Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Founded in 1419, it is the third-oldest university in Germany. It is the oldest and largest university in continental northern Europe and the Baltic Sea area, and 8th oldest in Central Europe. It was the 5th university established in the Holy Roman Empire.\nThe university has been associated with five Nobel laureates. Famous alumni include Nobel laureates: Albrecht Kossel, Karl von Frisch, and Otto Stern; theoretical physicists: Pascual Jordan and Walter H. Schottky. It is a member of the European University Association. The language of instruction is usually German, but English for postgraduate studies.", "Q909176": "Cahiers du Cin\u00e9ma (French pronunciation: \u200b[kaje dy sinema], Notebooks on Cinema) is a French film magazine founded in 1951 by Andr\u00e9 Bazin, Jacques Doniol-Valcroze, and Joseph-Marie Lo Duca. It developed from the earlier magazine Revue du Cin\u00e9ma (Review of the Cinema established in 1928) involving members of two Paris film clubs\u2014Objectif 49 (Objective 49) (Robert Bresson, Jean Cocteau, and Alexandre Astruc, among others) and Cin\u00e9-Club du Quartier Latin (Cinema Club of the Latin Quarter).\nInitially edited by Doniol-Valcroze and, after 1957, by \u00c9ric Rohmer (Maurice Scherer), it included amongst its writers Jacques Rivette, Jean-Luc Godard, Claude Chabrol, and Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut. who went on to become highly influential fimmakers in their own right. It is the oldest French-language film magazine in publication.", "Q89694": "Dieter Pfaff (2 October 1947 \u2013 5 March 2013) was a German actor and director.The son of a police officer, Pfaff was best known as police officer Hans Sperling in the series Sperling. Sperling also appeared in two films about Swedish policeman Martin Beck, namely Flickan i jordk\u00e4llaren and Den japanska shungam\u00e5lningen. In 2002, he starred in Goebbels und Geduldig. Between 1984 and 1996, he played Otto Schatzschneider in the German krimi series Der Fahnder.\nPfaff and his wife Eva Maria Emminger had two children, twins Johanna and Maximilian. Pfaff was professor for acting at the Graz University of Music and Performing Arts from 1983 until 1990.", "Q704705": "Arsenio Rodr\u00edguez (born Ignacio Arsenio Travieso Scull; 31 August 1911 \u2013 30 December 1970) was a Cuban musician, composer and bandleader. He played the tres, as well as the tumbadora, and he specialized in son, rumba and other Afro-Cuban music styles. In the 1940s and 1950s Rodr\u00edguez established the conjunto format and contributed to the development the son montuno, the basic template of modern-day salsa. He claimed to be the true creator of the mambo and was an important as well as a prolific composer who wrote nearly two hundred songs.\nDespite being blind since the age of seven, Rodr\u00edguez quickly managed to become one of Cuba's foremost treseros. Nonetheless his first hit, \"Bruca manigu\u00e1\" by Orquesta Casino de la Playa, came as a songwriter in 1937. For the following two years, Rodr\u00edguez worked as composer and guest guitarist for the Casino de la Playa, before forming his conjunto in 1940, one of the first of its kind. After recording over a hundred songs for RCA Victor over the course of twelve years, Rodr\u00edguez moved to New York in 1952, where he remained active, releasing several albums. In 1970, Rodr\u00edguez moved to Los Angeles, where he died of pneumonia shortly before the end of the year.", "Q101340": "Annemarie S\u00f6rensen (19 December 1913 \u2013 December 1993) was a German singer and film actress. She played the female lead in the 1934 comedy Heinz in the Moon. She was a Protestant, but due to what was described as her uncertain racial origin she faced pressure following the Nazi takeover. In 1935 she emigrated from Germany and eventually went to live in Britain where she lived for the remainder of her life, although her attempt to break into British films failed.", "Q262663": "The University of San Diego (USD) is a private Roman Catholic research university in San Diego, California. Founded in July 1949 as the San Diego College for Women and San Diego University, the academic institutions merged from the California school system into University of San Diego in 1972. Since then, the university has grown to comprise nine undergraduate and graduate schools, to include the Shiley-Marcos School of Engineering, Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies, and School of Law. USD has 89 undergraduate and graduate programs, and enrolls approximately 9,073 undergraduate, paralegal, graduate and law students.", "Q107731": "Johann Baptist Mehler (14 June 1860 in Tirschenreuth, Oberpfalz, died 15 March 1930 in Regensburg ) was a German Catholic priest, prelate, and religious writer of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Regensburg.", "Q264212": "Raffaella Reggi (Italian pronunciation: [raffa\u02c8\u025blla \u02c8redd\u0292i]; born 27 November 1965) is a former professional tennis player from Italy.", "Q370515": "The new wave of British heavy metal (commonly abbreviated as NWOBHM) was a nationwide musical movement that started in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s and achieved international attention by the early 1980s. Journalist Geoff Barton coined the term in a May 1979 issue of the British music newspaper Sounds to describe the emergence of new heavy metal bands in the mid to late 1970s, during the period of punk rock's decline and the dominance of new wave music.\nAlthough encompassing diverse mainstream and underground styles, the music of the NWOBHM is best remembered for drawing on the heavy metal of the 1970s and infusing it with the intensity of punk rock to produce fast and aggressive songs. The DIY attitude of the new metal bands led to the spread of raw-sounding, self-produced recordings and a proliferation of independent record labels. Song lyrics were usually about escapist themes such as mythology, fantasy, horror and the rock lifestyle.\nThe NWOBHM began as an underground phenomenon growing in parallel to punk and largely ignored by the media. It was only through the promotion of rock DJ Neal Kay and Sounds' campaigning that it reached the public consciousness and gained radio airplay, recognition and success in the UK. The movement involved mostly young, white, male and working-class musicians and fans, who suffered the hardships brought on by rising unemployment for years after the 1973\u201375 recession. As a reaction to their bleak reality, they created a community separate from mainstream society to enjoy each other's company and their favourite loud music. The NWOBHM was heavily criticised for the excessive hype generated by local media in favour of mostly talentless musicians. Nonetheless, it generated a renewal in the genre of heavy metal music and furthered the progress of the heavy metal subculture, whose updated behavioural and visual codes were quickly adopted by metal fans worldwide after the spread of the music to continental Europe, North America and Japan.\nThe movement spawned perhaps a thousand heavy metal bands, but only a few survived the advent of MTV and the rise of the more commercial glam metal in the second half of the 1980s. Among them, Iron Maiden and Def Leppard became international stars, and Mot\u00f6rhead and Saxon had considerable success. Other groups, such as Diamond Head, Venom and Raven, remained underground, but were a major influence on the successful extreme metal subgenres of the late 1980s and 1990s. Many bands from the NWOBHM reunited in the 2000s and remained active through live performances and new studio albums.", "Q126927": "Mason Durell Betha (born August 27, 1975), better known by his mononym Mase (formerly Murda Mase and stylized as Ma$e), is an American rapper, songwriter and minister. In the late 1990s he recorded at Bad Boy Records alongside Sean \"Diddy\" Combs. From 1996 to 1999, as a lead or featured artist, Mase had six Billboard Hot 100 Top 10 singles and five US Rap No. 1 singles. His 1997 album Harlem World was Grammy nominated and certified quadruple Platinum by RIAA. His two other albums, Double Up and Welcome Back, are both certified Double platinum and Gold by RIAA.", "Q729697": "Andrew \"Smokey\" Hogg (January 27, 1914 \u2013 May 1, 1960) was an American post-war Texas blues and country blues musician.", "Q1543195": "Grant McCune (March 27, 1943 \u2013 December 27, 2010) was an American special effects designer whose entry into Hollywood was the uncredited creation of the great white shark in the 1975 film Jaws. His efforts there led to work on a series of major films, including his design of the robots in the Star Wars films, winning an Oscar in 1977 for his efforts in the first film in the series.", "Q186549": "Princess Alexandrine of Prussia (23 February 1803 \u2013 21 April 1892) was Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin by marriage to Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. She was the daughter of Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.", "Q132952": "Adam Richard Sandler (born September 9, 1966) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, film producer, and singer-songwriter. After becoming a Saturday Night Live cast member, he went on to star in many Hollywood feature films, which have combined grossed over $2 billion at the box office.Sandler is best known for his comedic roles including Billy Madison (1995), Happy Gilmore (1996), The Waterboy (1998), The Wedding Singer (1998), Big Daddy (1999), Mr. Deeds (2002), 50 First Dates (2004), The Longest Yard (2005), Click (2006), Grown Ups (2010), Just Go with It (2011), Grown Ups 2 (2013), Blended (2014) and Murder Mystery (2019). He also voices Dracula in the Hotel Transylvania franchise (2012\u2013present).\nSome of his films, such as the widely panned Jack and Jill, have been heavily criticized, culminating in a shared second place in the number of Raspberry Awards (three) and Raspberry Award nominations (11), in both cases second only to Sylvester Stallone.\nSandler ventured into dramatic territory with his roles in Punch-Drunk Love (2002), Spanglish (2004), Reign Over Me (2007), Funny People (2009), The Meyerowitz Stories (New and Selected) (2017), and Uncut Gems (2019), all of which earned him critical praise.", "Q29344": "William Tanner Vollmann (born July 28, 1959) is an American novelist, journalist, war correspondent, short story writer, and essayist. He won the 2005 National Book Award for Fiction for the novel Europe Central.", "Q85910": "Paul Nevermann (5 February 1902 \u2013 22 March 1979) was a German politician, member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and First Mayor of Hamburg (1961 \u2013 1965).\nNevermann was born in Klein Flottbek (a then independent village in the Pinneberg district now a neighborhood in Hamburg's quarter Nienstedten). He studied law and after his graduation Nevermann worked for the Hamburg labor office, but was fired 1933 as a member of the SPD by the Nazi government.", "Q1765698": "Eino Matti \"Eicca\" Toppinen (born 5 August 1975) is a Finnish cellist, songwriter, producer, arranger, and (as a hobby) drummer. In 1993 he formed the quartet Apocalyptica.", "Q76640": "Otto Johann Maximilian Strasser (also German: Stra\u00dfer, see \u00df; 10 September 1897 \u2013 27 August 1974) was a German politician and an early member of the Nazi Party. Otto Strasser, together with his brother Gregor Strasser, was a leading member of the party's left-wing faction, and broke from the party due to disputes with the dominant \"Hitlerite\" faction. He formed the Black Front, a group intended to split the Nazi Party and take it from the grasp of Hitler. This group also functioned during his exile and World War II as a secret opposition group.\nHis brand of National Socialism is now known as Strasserism.", "Q3384942": "Pierre Jacques Louis Fabre (16 April 1926 \u2013 20 July 2013) was a French pharmaceutical and cosmetics executive and pharmacist, who founded Laboratoires Pierre Fabre in 1962. Fabre, a rugby enthusiast, was also the owner of Castres Olympique, a French rugby union club based in the city of Castres.Fabre founded Laboratoires Pierre Fabre, a major multinational pharmaceutical and cosmetics company headquartered in Castres, in 1962. The company grossed 1.972 billion euros in revenue in 2012. It employs approximately 10,000 people, with 6,700 of those jobs based in France. The success of the company placed Fabre as France's 43rd richest man at the time of his death in 2013.Fabre died in his home in Lavaur, Tarn department, on 20 July 2013, at the age of 87. The French employers' organisation, Mouvement des Entreprises de France, called his death \"a huge loss.\" Castres Olympique's stadium was renamed as Stade Pierre-Fabre in memory of Fabre in 2017.", "Q220450": "David Andrew Gemmell (; 1 August 1948 \u2013 28 July 2006) was a British author of heroic fantasy, best known for his debut novel, Legend. A former journalist and newspaper editor, Gemmell had his first work of fiction published in 1984. He went on to write over thirty novels. Gemmell's works display violence, yet also explore themes of honour, loyalty and redemption. There is always a strong heroic theme but nearly always the heroes are flawed in some way. With over one million copies sold, his work continues to sell worldwide.\nIn 2008, the David Gemmell Awards for Fantasy were established, intended to \"restore fantasy to its proper place in the literary pantheon\"; a steering group of 18 authors is chaired by writer Stan Nicholls and the award is decided by a public vote.", "Q324144": "Kleinruppin forever is a German romantic comedy film, released in late 2004.\nThe film is set in 1985 and stars Tobias Schenke as Tim Winter, a West German teenager from Bremen with aspirations of being a professional tennis player. On a school trip to East Germany, Tim meets his identical twin brother Ronny (also played by Tobias Schenke). Ronny switches places with Tim, forcing Tim to experience life and love in East Germany.\nThe film can be seen as part of the Ostalgie movement, similar to the films Good Bye, Lenin! (2003) and Sonnenallee (1999), which look back nostalgically at life in East Germany.", "Q197444": "Zhao Jingshen (simplified Chinese: \u8d75\u666f\u6df1; traditional Chinese: \u8d99\u666f\u6df1; pinyin: Zh\u00e0o J\u01d0ngsh\u0113n) (April 25, 1902 \u2013 January 7, 1985) was a popular Chinese novelist. Born in Lishui, Zhejiang, he was a member of the Seminar in literature. He also contributed to the field of translation and folk opera and made a great success. He also funded some outstanding writers.", "Q153360": "The Sender is a 1982 British horror film directed by Roger Christian and written for the screen by Thomas Baum. It stars Kathryn Harrold, Shirley Knight, Paul Freeman, and \u017deljko Ivanek in his feature film debut.", "Q69760": "Villars-sur-Gl\u00e2ne is a municipality in the district of Sarine in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.", "Q782574": "Galesburg is a city in Knox County, Illinois, United States. The city is 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Peoria. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 32,195. It is the county seat of Knox County and the principal city of the Galesburg Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Knox and Warren counties.\nGalesburg is home to Knox College, a private four-year liberal arts college, and Carl Sandburg College, a two-year community college.\nA 496-acre (201 ha) section of the city is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Galesburg Historic District.", "Q2636790": "Sir Alan Marshall Muir Wood (8 August 1921 \u2013 1 February 2009) was a British civil engineer.", "Q322521": "Ray Dennis Steckler (January 25, 1938 \u2013 January 7, 2009), also known by the pseudonym Cash Flagg, was an American film director, producer, screenwriter and actor best known as the low-budget auteur of such cult films as The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies. In addition to Cash Flagg, Steckler was also known by the pseudonyms Sven Christian, Sven Hellstrom, Harry Nixon, Michael J. Rogers, Michel J. Rogers, Wolfgang Schmidt, Cindy Lou Steckler, R.D. Steckler, Ray Steckler, and Cindy Lou Sutters\u2014the last being his \"porn name\".\n\n", "Q527602": "Teodross Avery (born July 2, 1973 in Fairfield, California, United States) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist, who has released albums for the record labels GRP Records and Impulse! Records.A native of the San Francisco Bay Area, his latest album is the live affair, After the Rain: A Night for Coltrane, released on Tompkins Square in May 2019.", "Q642988": "Jimmy Eat World is an American rock band formed in Mesa, Arizona, United States, in 1993. The band is composed of lead guitarist/lead vocalist Jim Adkins, drummer Zach Lind, rhythm guitarist/vocalist Tom Linton, and bassist Rick Burch. Jimmy Eat World has released ten studio albums, the last nine featuring the current lineup.\nThe four-piece's commercial breakthrough came with the successful release of several singles from the album Bleed American (2001). Four singles from the album charted within the top twenty positions of the Alternative Songs chart, with \"The Middle\" reaching the number one position. Jimmy Eat World's follow-up album Futures (2004) featured another alternative number one song, \"Pain\". The RIAA certified Bleed American platinum and Futures gold, rewarding the two albums for selling over one and a half million records between them. The band's sixth LP, Chase This Light (2007), became their highest charting album, peaking at number five on the Billboard 200.\nThe band released their tenth album, Surviving, on October 18, 2019.", "Q2772878": "Shawn Thomas, also known by his stage name C-Bo, is an American rapper.", "Q47489": "Djalma Feitosa Dias (born 9 December 1970), known as Djalminha [di\u0292aw\u02c8m\u0129j\u0303\u0250], is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.\nBlessed with superb skill and technical ability but possessing a troublesome character, he represented among others Flamengo and Deportivo de La Coru\u00f1a, and was also a Brazil international.", "Q955609": "The University of Ferrara (Italian: Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Ferrara) is the main university of the city of Ferrara in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. In the years prior to the First World War the University of Ferrara, with more than 500 students, was the best attended of the free universities in Italy. Today there are approximately 16,000 students enrolled at the University of Ferrara with nearly 400 degrees granted each year. The teaching staff number 600, including 288 researchers. It is organized into 12 Departments.", "Q78679": "Hildegard Burjan (30 January 1883 \u2013 11 June 1933) - born Hildegard Lea Freund - was a German Roman Catholic convert from Judaism and the founder of the Sisterhood of Caritas Socialis. Burjan set up several organizations for the promotion of women's rights and for the rights of all workers and their families and this even saw her elected to the Austrian Parliament where she served until her retirement due to ill health.The beatification process commenced under Pope John Paul II in 1982 and Pope Benedict XVI named her as Venerable in 2007; that same pope beatified Burjan in 2012 though Cardinal Angelo Amato presided over the celebration on the pope's behalf.\n\n", "Q455280": "Barbara Bouchet (n\u00e9e Gutscher; born 15 August 1943) is a German-American actress and entrepreneuse who lives and works in Italy.\nShe has acted in more than 80 films and television episodes and founded a production company that has produced fitness videos and books. She also owns and operates a fitness studio. She appeared in Casino Royale (1967) as Miss Moneypenny, in Don't Torture a Duckling (1972) as Patrizia, in The Scarlet and The Black (1983) as Minna Kappler, and in Martin Scorsese's Gangs of New York (2002) as Mrs. Schermerhorn.", "Q380180": "Jake Thomas (born January 30, 1990) is an American actor, voice actor and photographer, perhaps best known for his role as Matt McGuire, the title character's younger brother, in the Disney Channel show Lizzie McGuire (2001\u201304). In 2002, he won a Young Artist Award for supporting actor for his performance in A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001). He also appeared in Cory in the House (2007\u201308), playing the role of Jason Stickler.", "Q2636948": "Samantha Gwendoline Cameron (n\u00e9e Sheffield; born 18 April 1971) is a British businesswoman. Until 13 May 2010, she was the Creative Director of Smythson of Bond Street.\nShe became the spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom when her husband, David Cameron, was elected into 10 Downing Street from 2010 to 2016. She took on a part-time consultancy role at Smythson after he became Prime Minister.", "Q700211": "Steglitz is a locality of the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough in the south-west of Berlin, the capital of Germany. The locality also includes the neighbourhood of S\u00fcdende. Steglitz is a Slavic name for the European goldfinch, similar to the German 'Stieglitz'.\n\n", "Q188570": "Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (Polish: Feliks Dzier\u017cy\u0144ski [\u02c8f\u025bli\u0261z d\u0291\u025br\u02c8\u0290\u0268j\u0303sk\u02b2i]; Russian: \u0424\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0441 \u042d\u0434\u043c\u0443\u0301\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439; 11 September [O.S. 30 August] 1877 \u2013 20 July 1926), nicknamed \"Iron Felix\", was a Bolshevik revolutionary and official. Born into Polish nobility, from 1917 until his death in 1926 Dzerzhinsky led the first two Soviet state-security organizations, the Cheka and the OGPU, establishing a secret police for the post-revolutionary Soviet regime. He was one of the architects of the Red Terror\nand Decossackization.", "Q3371277": "Paul Vincent Galvin (June 29, 1895 \u2013 November 5, 1959) was one of the two founders of telecommunications company Motorola. Founded as Galvin Manufacturing Corporation on September 25, 1928, Motorola became a leader in communications equipment. Galvin invented the mass production car radio, which provided the cornerstone of Motorola's early business. The company name \"Motorola\" was introduced in 1930.\n\n", "Q66447": "Eugen Karl Albrecht Gerstenmaier (25 August 1906 \u2013 13 March 1986 in Oberwinter) was a German Evangelical theologian, resistance fighter in the Third Reich, and a CDU politician. From 1954 to 1969, he was the 3rd President of the Bundestag.", "Q776387": "Richard Jozsa is an Australian mathematician who holds the Leigh Trapnell Chair in Quantum Physics at the University of Cambridge. He is a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge where his research investigates quantum information science. A pioneer of his field, he is the co-author of the Deutsch\u2013Jozsa algorithm and one of the co-inventors of quantum teleportation. \n\n", "Q442924": "Kaori Momoi (\u6843\u4e95 \u304b\u304a\u308a, Momoi Kaori, born 8 April 1951) is a Japanese actress.\n\n", "Q2704736": "The Radical Party (Italian: Partito Radicale, PR) was a political party in Italy. For decades, it was a bastion of liberalism and radicalism in Italy and proposed itself as the strongest opposition to the Italian political establishment, seen as corrupt and conservative. Although it never reached high shares of vote and never participated in government, the party had close relations with the other parties of the Italian left\u2014from the Republicans and the Socialists to the Communists and Proletarian Democracy\u2014and opened its ranks also to members of other parties through dual membership.\nThe party's longtime leader was Marco Pannella (1936\u20132016), who served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies (1976\u20131994) and the European Parliament (1979\u20132009), leading the party in most of the elections it contested. In 1989, the PR was transformed into the Transnational Radical Party. During the 1990s, the Radicals had formed a succession of electoral lists (notably including the Pannella List and Bonino List), without having a structured party and sometimes dividing themselves between competing lists. The latest incarnation of the party is the Italian Radicals, founded in 2001.", "Q3147769": "Ida Rosenthal (born Ida Kaganovich; January 9, 1886 \u2013 March 29, 1973) was a Belarusian-born American dressmaker and businesswoman who co-founded Maidenform.\n\n", "Q115321": "Heinrich Mertens (6 February 1906\u201316 June 1968) was a German publicist, editor of the magazine The Red Book of Catholic Socialists, and mayor of Halle and Jena.", "Q69774": "St\u00e4fa is a municipality in the district of Meilen in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland.", "Q11817": "Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 \u2013 June 8, 1845) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress. As president, Jackson sought to advance the rights of the \"common man\" against a \"corrupt aristocracy\" and to preserve the Union.\nBorn in the colonial Carolinas to a Scotch-Irish family in the decade before the American Revolutionary War, Jackson became a frontier lawyer and married Rachel Donelson Robards. He served briefly in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate, representing Tennessee. After resigning, he served as a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1798 until 1804. Jackson purchased a property later known as The Hermitage, and became a wealthy, slave-owning planter. In 1801, he was appointed colonel of the Tennessee militia and was elected its commander the following year. He led troops during the Creek War of 1813\u20131814, winning the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. The subsequent Treaty of Fort Jackson required the Creek surrender of vast lands in present-day Alabama and Georgia. In the concurrent war against the British, Jackson's victory in 1815 at the Battle of New Orleans made him a national hero. Jackson then led U.S. forces in the First Seminole War, which led to the annexation of Florida from Spain. Jackson briefly served as Florida's first territorial governor before returning to the Senate. He ran for president in 1824, winning a plurality of the popular and electoral vote. As no candidate won an electoral majority, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams in a contingent election. In reaction to the alleged \"corrupt bargain\" between Adams and Henry Clay and the ambitious agenda of President Adams, Jackson's supporters founded the Democratic Party.\nJackson ran again in 1828, defeating Adams in a landslide. Jackson faced the threat of secession by South Carolina over what opponents called the \"Tariff of Abominations.\" The crisis was defused when the tariff was amended, and Jackson threatened the use of military force if South Carolina attempted to secede. In Congress, Henry Clay led the effort to reauthorize the Second Bank of the United States. Jackson, regarding the Bank as a corrupt institution, vetoed the renewal of its charter. After a lengthy struggle, Jackson and his allies thoroughly dismantled the Bank. In 1835, Jackson became the only president to ultimately pay off the national debt, fulfilling a longtime goal. His presidency marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the party \"spoils system\" in American politics. In 1830, Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, which forcibly relocated most members of the Native American tribes in the South to Indian Territory. The relocation process dispossessed the Indians and resulted in widespread death and disease. Jackson opposed the abolitionist movement, which grew more forceful in his second term. In foreign affairs, Jackson's administration concluded a \"most favored nation\" treaty with Great Britain, settled claims of damages against France from the Napoleonic Wars, and recognized the Republic of Texas. In January 1835, he survived the first assassination attempt on a sitting president.\nIn his retirement, Jackson remained active in Democratic Party politics, supporting the presidencies of Martin Van Buren and James K. Polk. Though fearful of its effects on the slavery debate, Jackson advocated the annexation of Texas, which was accomplished shortly before his death. Jackson has been widely revered in the United States as an advocate for democracy and the common man. Many of his actions proved divisive, garnering both fervent support and strong opposition from many in the country. His reputation has suffered since the 1970s, mainly due to his role in Native American removal. Surveys of historians and scholars have ranked Jackson favorably among U.S. presidents.", "Q1616110": "Live at Wembley is a video album by American singer Beyonc\u00e9. It was released on April 26, 2004, by Sony Urban Music and Columbia Music Video. The DVD features her concert at Wembley Arena in London, as part of her Dangerously in Love Tour in support of her debut solo studio album Dangerously in Love (2003). Most of the songs on Live at Wembley originate from Dangerously in Love, although Beyonc\u00e9 also performed a medley of past songs by her former group Destiny's Child. Live at Wembley was critically acclaimed, with AllMusic giving it a grade of three-and-a-half stars out of five. The cover of Rose Royce's \"Wishing on a Star\", included on the album, was nominated in the category for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards (2006).\nThe album debuted at number 17 on the US Billboard 200, selling 45,000 copies in its first week. It also charted on the US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums at number eight. Live at Wembley managed to top the DVD charts in the United States, Australia and Spain and peaked within the top 10 in Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy and the United Kingdom. The DVD was certified double platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) and the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The album was also certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ).\n\n", "Q1289": "Grenoble ( gr\u0259-NOH-b\u0259l, French: [\u0261\u0281\u0259n\u0254bl] (listen); Arpitan: Grenoblo) is a city in southeastern France, at the foot of the French Alps where the river Drac joins the Is\u00e8re. Located in the Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes region, Grenoble is the capital of the department of Is\u00e8re and is an important European scientific centre. The city advertises itself as the \"Capital of the Alps\", due to its size and its proximity to the mountains.\nGrenoble's history goes back over 2,000 years, to a time when it was a small Gallic village. It became the capital of the Dauphin\u00e9 in the 11th century.Industrial development increased the prominence of Grenoble through several periods of economic expansion over the last three centuries. This started with a booming glove industry in the 18th and 19th centuries, continued with the development of a strong hydropower industry in the late 19th to early 20th centuries, and ended with a post-World War II economic boom symbolized by the holding of the X Olympic Winter Games in 1968. The city has grown to be one of Europe's most important research, technology, and innovation centers, with each fifth inhabitant working directly in these domains.The population of the city (commune) of Grenoble was 158,180 at the 2016 census, while the population of the Grenoble metropolitan area (French: aire urbaine de Grenoble or \"agglom\u00e9ration grenobloise\") was 687,985. The residents of the city are called \"Grenoblois\".\nThe many suburb communes that make up the rest of the metropolitan area include three with populations exceeding 20,000: Saint-Martin-d'H\u00e8res, \u00c9chirolles, and Fontaine.", "Q468667": "Susan Keating Glaspell (July 1, 1876 \u2013 July 28, 1948) was an American playwright, novelist, journalist and actress. With her husband George Cram Cook, she founded the Provincetown Players, the first modern American theatre company.First known for her short stories (fifty were published), Glaspell is known also to have written nine novels, fifteen plays, and a biography. Often set in her native Midwest, these semi-autobiographical tales typically explore contemporary social issues, such as gender, ethics, and dissent, while featuring deep, sympathetic characters who make principled stands. Her 1930 play Alison's House earned her the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.After her husband's death in Greece, she returned to the United States with their children. During the Great Depression, Glaspell worked in Chicago for the Works Progress Administration, where she was Midwest Bureau Director of the Federal Theater Project. Although a best-selling author in her own time, after her death Glaspell attracted less interest and her books went out of print. She was also noted for discovering playwright Eugene O'Neill.\nSince the late 20th century, critical reassessment of women's contributions has led to renewed interest in her career and a revival of her reputation. In the early 21st century Glaspell is today recognized as a pioneering feminist writer and America's first important modern female playwright. Her one-act play Trifles (1916) is frequently cited as one of the greatest works of American theatre. According to Britain's leading theatre critic, Michael Billington, she remains \"American drama's best-kept secret.\"", "Q950771": "Athinhkaya Saw Yun (Burmese: \u1021\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1001\u101a\u102c \u1005\u1031\u102c\u101a\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038 [\u0294\u0259\u03b8\u026a\u0300\u0274 k\u02b0\u0259j\u00e0 s\u0254\u0301 j\u028a\u0301\u0274]; also spelled Sawyun; c. 1299 \u2013 5 February 1327) was the founder of the Sagaing Kingdom of Myanmar (Burma). The eldest son of King Thihathu set up a rival kingdom in 1315 after Thihathu appointed Uzana I as heir-apparent. Saw Yun successfully resisted two small expeditions by Pinya by 1317. While Saw Yun nominally remained loyal to his father, he was the de facto king of the area roughly corresponding to present-day Sagaing Region and northern Mandalay Region.After Thihathu's death, Sagaing and Pinya formally went separately ways. Saw Yun died in 1327. Saw Yun had four children, three sons and a daughter. All of his sons became king of Sagaing. His only daughter was the mother of Thado Minbya, the founder of the Kingdom of Ava.", "Q183425": "Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues.\nCommon causes of pain in the abdomen include gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome. About 15% of people have a more serious underlying condition such as appendicitis, leaking or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, diverticulitis, or ectopic pregnancy. In a third of cases the exact cause is unclear.Given that a variety of diseases can cause some form of abdominal pain, a systematic approach to examination of a person and the formulation of a differential diagnosis remains important.", "Q1113541": "Combat Records was an American independent record label from New York City. The label was home to predominantly heavy metal and punk rock acts including Megadeth, Circle Jerks, Nuclear Assault, OZ, Death, Dead Brain Cells, Possessed, Crumbsuckers, Agnostic Front, Agent Steel, Dark Angel, Heathen, Zoetrope and Exodus. In 2017, it was announced that Combat was being relaunched by Megadeth bassist David Ellefson and Thom Hazaert as a new label imprint under their EMP Label Group. \n\n", "Q318871": "\u00d8ystein Aarseth (Norwegian: [\u02c8\u0153\u0300\u028fst\u00e6\u026an \u02c8\u0254\u0300\u0282\u0259t]; 22 March 1968 \u2013 10 August 1993), better known by his stage name Euronymous, was a Norwegian musician. Euronymous was a founder of and central figure in the early Norwegian black metal scene. He was a co-founder and guitarist of the Norwegian black metal band Mayhem and was the only constant member from the band's formation in 1984 until his death in 1993. He was also founder and owner of the extreme metal record label Deathlike Silence Productions and record shop Helvete.\nEuronymous professed to being a Satanist and was known for making extreme misanthropic statements. He presented himself as leading a militant cult-like group known as the \"Black Metal Inner Circle\".\nIn August 1993, he was murdered by fellow musician and former bandmate Varg Vikernes.", "Q74043": "Hanns Kneifel (11 July 1936, in Gleiwitz \u2013 7 March 2012, in Munich) was a German science fiction writer. He is best known for writing more than ninety Perry Rhodan episodes.", "Q108416": "Markus Ulbig (born 1 April 1964 in Zinnwald, Bezirk Dresden) is a German politician and member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU). He worked in Pirna, became its mayor in 2001, and has been Minister of Interior of the German federal state of Saxony since 2009.", "Q55933": "Ludwik Stanis\u0142aw Dorn ([\u02c8ludv\u02b2ik \u02c8d\u0254rn], born 5 June 1954 in Warsaw) is a Polish conservative politician, former Deputy Prime Minister and member of Sejm elected on 5 November 2007.\n\n", "Q956466": "Isidoro Malmierca Peoli (September 25, 1930 \u2013 August 11, 2001) a Cuban politician who was Cuba's foreign minister from 1976 to 1992 and founder of the Cuban Communist Party.\nBorn in Havana, he became involved in Cuba's turbulent left-wing politics as a young man, joining the tiny Popular Socialist Party, the Moscow-line predecessor of the Communist Party, during the years of right-wing regimes that preceded the 1959 revolution. The PSP had only a few thousand members, but was well-organized and had strong links with the urban unions.\nThe PSP at first played little part in Fidel Castro's armed struggle against the dictatorship of General Fulgencio Batista, which took place mainly in the countryside, and only threw its weight behind Castro's guerrilla campaign a few months before Batista finally fled the country. Until then, it had tended to denounce the young rebels' \"adventurism.\"\nDespite this background of mistrust, when Castro moved the revolution sharply to the left in the early 1960s he found a use for the PSP apparatus, and for young but experienced activists such as Malmierca, in giving a disciplined organizational underpinning to his embryonic regime.\nMalmierca was one of the founders of the powerful state security apparatus \u2014 a role for which his lack of any discernible personality and reluctance to reveal even the most innocuous details about his personal life, must have been a positive advantage. He was also one of the functionaries who supervised the merger of the PSP with Castro's July 26 Movement to form the Cuban Communist Party in 1965.\nIn both of these functions, Malmierca had to balance the professional politicians and the young idealists who had followed Castro into the hills in the mid-1950s. He performed this difficult task well enough to earn advancement, becoming a member of the new party's central committee and being made editor of its official organ, the daily newspaper Granma.\nThe high point of Malmierca's career as a faithful servant of the Cuban Revolution came in December 1976, when he replaced the veteran left-wing intellectual Ra\u00fal Roa Garc\u00eda as foreign minister, and was also appointed vice-president of the council of ministers.\nMalmierca remained at the foreign ministry until 1992, when he was succeeded by his deputy, Ricardo Alarc\u00f3n. By that time, Malmierca was in poor health and he was given a relatively undemanding job that made use of both his journalistic experience and foreign contacts, as director of Tips-Cuba, an official information service for prospective foreign investors.\nHe died on August 11, 2001 in Havana from lung cancer.\n\n", "Q185732": "Avianus (c. AD 400) a Latin writer of fables, identified as a pagan.The 42 fables which bear his name are dedicated to a certain Theodosius, whose learning is spoken of in most flattering terms. He may possibly be Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, the author of Saturnalia; some think he may be the emperor of that name. Nearly all the fables are to be found in Babrius, who was probably Avianus's source of inspiration, but as Babrius wrote in Greek, and Avianus speaks of having made an elegiac version from a rough Latin copy, probably a prose paraphrase, he was not indebted to the original. The language and metre are on the whole correct, in spite of deviations from classical usage, chiefly in the management of the pentameter. The fables soon became popular as a school-book. Promythia and epimythia (introductions and morals), paraphrases, and imitations were frequent, such as the Novus Avianus of Alexander Neckam (12th century).", "Q684105": "Robert Ellsworth (born May 3, 1959), best known as Bobby \"Blitz\" Ellsworth, is the lead vocalist of New Jersey thrash metal band Overkill. He has been the lead vocalist of Overkill since its inception in 1980, and he and bassist D.D. Verni are the only constant members. Although a bassist, he focuses on vocals in the band.\nHe also did the vocals for the band The Cursed featuring Dan Lorenzo (Hades and Non Fiction) in 2007, and is a member of the supergroup/cover band BPMD.", "Q96978": "Adolf K\u00f6ster (8 March 1883 \u2013 18 February 1930) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and diplomat. He served as Foreign Minister of Germany (1920) and Interior Minister of Germany (1921\u20131922).", "Q339101": "Le tatou\u00e9, also known as The Million dollar tattoo, or The Tattoo, or The tattoo man, is a French-Italian comedy movie from 1968, directed by Denys de La Patelli\u00e8re, written by Alphonse Boudard, and starring by Jean Gabin and Louis de Fun\u00e8s.", "Q64536": "Friedrich Clemens Gerke (22 January 1801 \u2013 21 May 1888) was a German writer, journalist, musician and pioneer of telegraphy who revised the Morse code in 1848. It is Gerke's version of the original (American) Morse code now known as the International Morse code and standardized by the ITU (International Telecommunications Union) which is used today.", "Q264560": "Karen Anne Bradley (n\u00e9e Howarth, born 12 March 1970) is a British Conservative Party politician who served as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland from 2018 to 2019, and has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Staffordshire Moorlands since 2010.Bradley was appointed to the Cameron Government in 2014 as Minister of State for the Home Department. During the formation of the May Government in July 2016, she was appointed to the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, where she remained until being appointed Northern Ireland Secretary in January 2018.", "Q3077866": "Horacio Echevarrieta Maruri (September 15, 1870 \u2013 May 20, 1963) was a Basque Spanish businessman, banker, industrialist, patron of the arts, politician and diplomatic mediator. In 1927, he founded Iberia L\u00edneas A\u00e9reas de Espa\u00f1a, S. A. Operadora, now known as Iberia.", "Q43189": "Juan Esteban Aristiz\u00e1bal V\u00e1squez (born August 9, 1972), known professionally as Juanes, is a Colombian musician and singer-songwriter who was a member of the rock band Ekhymosis and is now a solo artist. In 2000, his solo debut album F\u00edjate Bien won three Latin Grammy Awards. According to his record label, Juanes has sold more than 15 million albums worldwide.Raised in Colombia, Juanes began playing piano at age two. When Juanes was 17, he started his first band, Ekhymosis, in 1988, which went on to release Eight albums, achieving recognition in his native country of Colombia. The track \"Dos\" from the album Ni\u00f1o Gigante in 1992 was very popular. In 1997 after the band broke up, Juanes continued solo and in 2000 he released the album, F\u00edjate Bien, which earned him three Latin Grammys. His follow-up album, Un D\u00eda Normal, was released in 2000 and was later certified platinum in Guatemala and Uruguay throughout Latin America. Juanes' third album, Mi Sangre (2004), which became an international bestseller, managing to position well in a number of countries around the world, achieved success due to the single \"La Camisa Negra\". He has since released La Vida... Es Un Ratico (2007) and P.A.R.C.E. (2010), Loco de Amor (2015), Mis planes son amarte (2017), and M\u00e1s Futuro Que Pasado (2019).\nAccording to his label, Universal Music, Juanes has won, among others, twenty Latin Grammy Awards (5 wins in the Grammy Awards on November 13, 2008) and two Grammy Awards. Juanes received the BMI President's Award at the 2010 BMI Latin Awards. Presented By James Edward Taylor Juanes is also known for his humanitarian work, especially with aid for Colombian victims of anti-personnel mines through his NGO Fundacion Mi Sangre. On April 2013, Juanes released an autobiography titled Chasing The Sun in which he tells his story through narratives and pictures.", "Q542930": "Jeffery Lee Johnson Jr., (born April 2, 1990) better known by his stage names Roscoe Dash and Roscoe Dash 2.0, is an American hip hop rapper, singer and record producer. He is best known for his debut single \"All the Way Turnt Up\", which reached number 46 on the Billboard Hot 100. He is also known for featuring on \"No Hands\" by Waka Flocka Flame the same year, and \"Marvin & Chardonnay\" by Big Sean in 2011, both reaching 13 and 32 respectively on the Billboard Charts. Roscoe also has numerous accolades as a songwriter, working with some of the industry's top talent.", "Q158547": "Neues Deutschland (nd) (English: New Germany, own notation: neues deutschland, abbr. nd) is a German daily newspaper, currently headquartered in Berlin. \nFor 43 years it was the official party newspaper of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), which governed East Germany (officially known as the German Democratic Republic) as a dictatorship, and as such served as one of the party's most important organs. It originally had a Stalinist political stance; it retained a Marxist-Leninist stance until German reunification in 1990. The Neues Deutschland that existed in East Germany had a circulation of 1.1 million as of 1989 and was the communist party's main way to show citizens its stances and opinions about politics, economics, etc. It was regarded by foreign countries as the communist regime's diplomatic voice.\nSince the fall of communism, the Neues Deutschland has lost 98% of its readership and has a circulation of 20,577 as of 2019. Since 1990 the newspaper has changed its political outlook and now has a democratic socialist political stance. The newspaper is both politically and financially tied to one of its part owners, The Left (Die Linke), which owns the publishing house and printing presses.", "Q330643": "Moradabad (pronunciation ) is a city, commissionary and municipal corporation in Moradabad district of Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.\nFounded by Rustam Khan, the governor of Katehar under the Mughal emperor Shahjahan, Moradabad was named after prince Murad Bakhsh, the youngest son of the emperor. After its establishment, the city soon replaced Sambhal as the seat of the Governor of Katehar. Moradabad was subsequently annexed into the Kingdom of Rohilkhand by Ali Mohammed Khan in 1740. The city came under the control of Awadh State in 1774 and was ceded to the British East India Company by the Nawab of Awadh in 1801.Moradabad is situated on the banks of the Ramganga river, at a distance of 167 km (104 mi) from the national capital, New Delhi and 344 km north-west of the state capital Lucknow. The city is known as Pital Nagri (\"Brass City\") for its famous brass handicrafts industry. It is also the divisional headquarters of Northern Railway (NR).", "Q287823": "Rosella Sensi (born 18 December 1971) is an Italian entrepreneur and professional sports executive. She was the chairperson of the Italian professional football (soccer) club Associazione Sportiva Roma (A.S. Roma, usually referred to simply as Roma) from 2008 to 2011.She is a graduate of the Libera Universit\u00e0 Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli (LUISS). She has held the post of CEO (Italian: amministratore delegato) and, since 28 August 2008, also the chairperson of the board of directors (Italian: presidente del consiglio di amministrazione) of Roma, replacing her father, Franco Sensi, who was the chairperson until he died on 17 August 2008.She is the second woman to hold the office of chairperson of the club. Previously, Flora Viola, the widow of Dino Viola, succeeded her husband as chairperson of the club when he died in 1991. Rosella Sensi was one of two women in 2000s to lead a football club in Italy's top professional football league, Serie A with Francesca Menarini served as the chairperson of Bologna F.C. 1909.\nBeginning in 2006, Sensi was elected between the Serie A clubs to be a member of the board of Lega Calcio which she served as the vice-chairperson. Sensi was the first vice-chairperson of newly formed Lega Serie A in 2010.On 31 March 2009, Sensi gave birth to a daughter, Livia.On 8 July 2010, due to debts of her family company Compagnia Italpetroli to UniCredit (the bank already owned 49% share of Italpetroli back to Capitalia era), she agreed to sell A.S. Roma. During the interim period, A.S Roma was de facto owned by the bank which was seeking an outside buyer and Sensi continually stayed in charge as chairperson .\nOn 31 March 2011, she resigned from her post as a consortium led by American businessman Thomas DiBenedetto had agreed to a takeover deal for the club. On 16 April the sales was completed for \u20ac70.3 million, to transfer Roma 2000 S.r.l. (a holding company with AS Roma SpA, ASR Real Estate S.r.l. and Brand Management S.r.l. as subsidiaries) from Compagnia Italpetroli to \"NEEP Roma Holding\", a 60\u201340 joint venture by AS Roma SPV LCC and UniCredit.UniCredit also received several other assets from Compagnia Italpetroli as a debt settlement.\n\n", "Q124842": "Slatan Theodor Dudow (Bulgarian: \u0417\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0414\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432, Zlatan Dudov) (30 January 1903 - 12 July 1963) was a Bulgarian born film director and screenwriter who made a number of films during the Weimar Republic and in East Germany.", "Q230131": "Cloris Leachman (born April 30, 1926) is an American actress and comedian. In a career spanning over seven decades she has won eight Primetime Emmy Awards, a Daytime Emmy Award, and an Academy Award for her role in The Last Picture Show (1971).\nAs Miss Chicago, Leachman competed in the 20th Miss America pageant and placed in the Top 16 in 1946. Her longest-running role was the nosy and cunning landlady Phyllis Lindstrom in the CBS sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show and its spin-off, Phyllis, in the 1970s.\nShe also appeared in three Mel Brooks films, Young Frankenstein (1974), High Anxiety (1977), and History of the World, Part I (1981). She also starred as Beverly Ann Stickle in the NBC sitcom The Facts of Life from 1986 to 1988, and appeared as Granny in The Beverly Hillbillies (1993).\nIn the 2000s, Leachman had a recurring role as Grandma Ida on the Fox sitcom Malcolm in the Middle, and appeared as a roaster in the Comedy Central Roast of Bob Saget in 2008.\nShe was a contestant on the seventh season of the ABC reality competition series Dancing with the Stars in 2008, paired with Corky Ballas. She was 82 at the time and is the oldest contestant to have danced in the series. From 2010\u201314, she starred as Maw Maw on the Fox sitcom Raising Hope.\nIn 2017, she played the role of Zorya Vechernyaya on the Starz drama American Gods.", "Q665489": "Royal Tunbridge Wells, previously just Tunbridge Wells, is a town in western Kent, England, 30 miles (48 km) south-east of central London, close to the border with East Sussex upon the northern edge of the High Weald, whose sandstone geology is exemplified by the rock formations at the Wellington Rocks and High Rocks. \nThe town came into being as a spa in the Restoration and enjoyed its heyday as a fashionable resort in the mid-1700s under Beau Nash when the Pantiles, and its chalybeate spring, attracted significant numbers of visitors who wished to take the waters. Though its popularity as a spa town waned with the advent of sea bathing, the town remains highly popular and derives some 30 per cent of its income from the tourist industry.The town has a population of around 56,500, and is the administrative centre of Tunbridge Wells Borough and the parliamentary constituency of Tunbridge Wells.\n\n", "Q652225": "James P. Carroll (born January 22, 1943, Chicago, Illinois, United States) is an American author, historian, and journalist. A Roman Catholic, he has written extensively about his experiences in the seminary and as a priest, and has published, besides novels, books on religion and history.", "Q198005": "Aur\u00e9lie Filippetti (French: [o.\u0281e.li fi.li.p\u025b.ti] ; born 17 June 1973) is a French politician and novelist of Italian descent. Her family originates from Gualdo Tadino, Umbria. She served as French Minister of Culture and Communications from 16 May 2012, first in the government of Jean-Marc Ayrault and then in the government of Manuel Valls. She resigned her ministry on 25 August 2014, remaining as deputy for Moselle, and in the vote on the 2015 budget was one of 39 socialist deputies who abstained.", "Q1326230": "Nihon University (\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u5b66, Nihon Daigaku), abbreviated as Nichidai (\u65e5\u5927), is a private research university in Japan. Its predecessor, Nihon Law School (currently the Department of Law), was founded by Yamada Akiyoshi, the Minister of Justice, in 1889. It is a private university representing Japan. The university's name is derived from the Japanese word \"Nihon\" meaning Japan. Nihon University now has \"16 colleges and 87 departments, 20 postgraduate schools, 1 junior college which is composed of 5 departments, 1 correspondence division, 32 research institutes and 3 hospitals.\" \nThe number of students exceeds 70,000 and is the largest in Japan.", "Q718338": "Martin Victor Ferrero (born September 29, 1947) is an American actor. His most well known role is Donald Gennaro in the 1993 film Jurassic Park.", "Q952600": "Marcus Bakker (20 June 1923 \u2013 24 December 2009) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN) now merged into the GreenLeft (GL) party and journalist.", "Q643328": "Lang Park, also known as Brisbane Stadium, and by the sponsored name Suncorp Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, located in the suburb of Milton. The current facility comprises a three-tiered rectangular sporting stadium with a capacity of 52,500 people. It is primarily used for rugby league, rugby union, and soccer, with a rectangular playing field of 136 by 82 metres (446 by 269 ft).Lang Park was established in 1914, on the site of the former North Brisbane Cemetery, and in its early days was home to a number of different sports, including cycling, athletics, and soccer. The lease of the park was taken over by the Brisbane Rugby League in 1957 and it became the home of the game in Queensland (remaining so to this day). It has also been the home ground of major rugby union and soccer matches in Queensland since its modern redevelopment, including the Queensland Reds and the Brisbane Roar, and some Wallabies and Socceroos matches. It hosted the 2008 Rugby League World Cup Final and the 2017 Rugby League World Cup Final.", "Q189108": "Gratian (; Latin: Flavius Gratianus Augustus; Greek: \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2; 18 April/23 May 359 \u2013 25 August 383) was Roman emperor from 367 to 383.\nThe eldest son of Valentinian I, Gratian accompanied, during his youth, his father on several campaigns along the Rhine and Danube frontiers. Upon the death of Valentinian in 375, Gratian's brother Valentinian II was declared emperor by his father's soldiers. In 378, Gratian's generals won a decisive victory over the Lentienses, a branch of the Alamanni, at the Battle of Argentovaria. Gratian subsequently led a campaign across the Rhine, the last emperor to do so, and attacked the Lentienses, forcing the tribe to surrender. That same year, his uncle Valens was killed in the Battle of Adrianople against the Goths. He favoured Christianity over traditional Roman religion, refusing the office of Pontifex maximus and removing the Altar of Victory from the Roman Senate.", "Q1526043": "Giovanni De Gennaro (born August 14, 1948 in Reggio Calabria, Italy) is Chairman of the first Italian Defense Group Leonardo (formerly Finmeccanica). He was Italy's former police chief and Undersecretary to the Italian Prime Minister with responsibility for information services and security. He was appointed former chief of the Italian police department and director of the information services and security department.", "Q668185": "Robert Rosenberg (1951 in Boston \u2013 October 24, 2006 in Tel Aviv), was a writer, journalist, poet and Internet pioneer. He spent most of his adult life in Tel Aviv. He was survived, briefly by his wife, painter Silvia Rosenberg, who died also of cancer.The author of several crime novels, Rosenberg also collaborated with Moshe \"Muki\" Betzer in writing Secret Soldier. The autobiography of Israel's Greatest Commando.", "Q87685": "Moritz Gottlieb Saphir, born Moses Saphir (8 February 1795 in Lovasber\u00e9ny near Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r \u2013 5 September 1858 in Baden bei Wien) was an Austrian satirical writer and journalist.", "Q601133": "Ant\u00f4nio Callado (26 January 1917 \u2013 28 January 1997) was a Brazilian journalist, playwright, and novelist. Born in Niter\u00f3i, Rio de Janeiro, Callado studied law, then worked as a journalist in London for the BBC's Brazilian Service from 1941 to 1947. Callado began writing fiction in the 1950s. His first novel, A assun\u00e7\u00e3o de Salviano (The Assumption of Salviano), was published in 1954, and his last, O homem cordial e outras hist\u00f3rias (Men of Feeling and Other Stories), came out in 1993. Quarup (1967) is regarded as his most famous work. Callado has received literary prizes that include the Golfinho de Ouro, the Pr\u00eamio Bras\u00edlia, and the Goethe Prize for fiction for Sempreviva (1981). He died in Rio de Janeiro, aged 80.", "Q100704": "Ernst August Dircksen (31 May 1831 in Danzig \u2013 11 May 1899 in Erfurt) was a German architect.", "Q96950": "Werner Bruschke (18 August 1898, Magdeburg, Province of Saxony \u2013 17 February 1995, Halle (Saale)) was an East German politician and member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany. He was Minister-President of Saxony-Anhalt (GDR) from 13 August 1949 until the state was abolished on 23 July 1952.\nFrom 1933 he worked as tobacco goods dealer and later an insurance agent. Due to his illegal political activity, he was accused in 1939 of treason (Landesverrat and Hochverrat) and from 1942 to 1945 was a political prisoner in the concentration camps Sachsenhausen and Dachau.\nFrom 11 May 1992 to his death in 1995, he was the oldest former Minister-President of a German state, preceded in this by Bruno Diekmann.", "Q1333173": "Eloise Laws (born November 6, 1943) is a singer and a member of the prominent Laws family of musicians from Houston, Texas.\n\n", "Q1423891": "In Christianity, a minister is a person authorized by a church or other religious organization to perform functions such as teaching of beliefs; leading services such as weddings, baptisms or funerals; or otherwise providing spiritual guidance to the community. The term is taken from Latin minister (\"servant\", \"attendant\"), which itself was derived from minus (\"less\").In the Catholic Church, Anglican, Oriental Orthodox, Nordic Lutheran, and Eastern Orthodox churches, the concept of a priesthood is emphasized. In other Christian denominations, such as the Baptist, Congregationalist, Methodist, Presbyterian and Reformed churches, the term \"minister\" usually refers to a member of the ordained clergy who leads a congregation or participates in a role in a parachurch ministry; such a person may serve as a presbyter, pastor, preacher, bishop, chaplain or elder.\nWith respect to ecclesiastical address, many ministers are styled as \"The Reverend\"; however, some use \"Pastor\" or \"Father\" as a title.", "Q108358": "Rudolf Reiff (1901\u20131961) was a German stage and film actor.", "Q1143438": "The Mysterious Mr Quin is a short story collection by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by William Collins & Sons on 14 April 1930 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00.Each chapter or story involves a separate mystery that is solved through the interaction between the characters of Mr Satterthwaite, a socialite, and the eponymous Mr Quin who appears almost magically at the most opportune moments and disappears just as mysteriously. Satterthwaite is a small, observant man who is able to wrap up each mystery through the careful prodding and apposite questions of Quin, who serves as a catalyst each time the men meet.", "Q1027800": "Pottsville is a city in, and the county seat of, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 14,324 at the 2010 census, and is the principal city of the Pottsville, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies along the west bank of the Schuylkill River, 52 miles (84 km) south of Wilkes-Barre. It is located in Pennsylvania's Coal Region.", "Q89870": "Christoph Hochh\u00e4usler (born 10 July 1972) is a German film director and screenwriter. His film Falscher Bekenner was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival. His film The City Below was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival.", "Q109046": "Otto Freiherr von Feury (27 December 1906 \u2013 27 March 1998) is a German politician, representative of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria between 1950 and 1978.", "Q429613": "Gymkata is a 1985 martial arts film starring Olympic gymnast Kurt Thomas as Jonathan Cabot, an Olympic gymnast who combines his gymnastic ability with martial arts to enter a deadly competition in a fictional country, Parmistan. The film is based on the 1957 novel The Terrible Game by Dan Tyler Moore, adapted for the screen by Charles Robert Carner (of Blind Fury fame), and shot in Yugoslavia. Gymkata earned a Razzie Award nomination for Thomas as Worst New Star.\nIt has developed a minor cult following as an unintentional comedy for its dubious premise, poor production quality and strange setting. Maxim lists the film as the 17th \"Worst Movie of All Time\".\n\n", "Q96788": "Lucie H\u00f6flich was a German actress, teacher and head of the Staatliche Schauspielschule (State Drama School) in Berlin. She was born Helene Lucie von Holwede on 20 February 1883 in Hannover and died on 9 October 1956 in Berlin. In 1937 she was named the Staats-Schauspielerin (State Actress) and in 1953 she was awarded the Bundesverdienstkreuz.", "Q1363744": "David X (Georgian: \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 X) (1482\u20131526) was a king of the Georgian kingdom of Kartli from 1505 to 1525.", "Q2858450": "Apollo Records was a record company and label founded in New York City by Hy Siegel and Ted Gottlieb in 1944. A years later it was sold to Ike and Bess Berman. Apollo was known for blues (Doc Pomus), doo-wop (The Larks), gospel (Mahalia Jackson), jazz, and rock and roll.", "Q522034": "Norma Jean Beasler (born January 30, 1938) is an American country music singer who was a member of The Porter Wagoner Show from 1961\u20131967. She had 13 country singles in Billboard's Country Top 40 between 1963 and 1968, recorded twenty albums for RCA Victor between 1964 and 1973, received two Grammy nominations, and was a Grand Ole Opry member for a number of years.\n\n", "Q4411743": "Enoch Leonard Thulin, (15 September 1881 \u2013 14 May 1919) is primarily remembered as a pioneer of the Swedish aircraft industry. He was an engineer who also worked on cars, lorries and internal combustion engines.Enoch was born in Simris, Scania, in the south of Sweden. He studied aeronautics 1908-12 and succeeded with flying attempts in 1912.\nHe wrote a thesis on aerodynamics and received a Ph.D. from Lund University in 1912.\nThulin lived in Landskrona, where he amongst other things founded AB Thulinverken in 1914 to build aeroplanes; today the company is known as Haldex and manufactures pneumatic brake systems for trains and lorries (trucks). Thulin also started the manufacture of automobiles, which continued until 1928, and what later became Svenska Stridsflygskolan F5 (\"The Swedish air-combat school\", also known as \"Airforcebase 5\") at Ljungbyhed in north-western Scania. In 1918 he suggested to the Mayor of Stockholm that he should investigate the possibility of a local airport, and even though the reactions were positive, the idea was postponed until 1936 when Bromma Airport was finally built.\nThulin was killed while practicing flying his K3 airplane on 14 May 1919. According to Palle Mellblom, who started the engine that day, Enoch Thulin was stressed by the successful demonstrations made by Sparmann the same year. Thulin wanted to improve his flying skills but crashed south-east of Landskrona harbour, at the area which during this time was called \"S\u00f6dra F\u00e4laden\".One of the early aeroplanes that Thulin flew is now exhibited at the town museum of Landskrona, along with several propellers and engines.Thulin is commemorated in Landskrona in several ways. A secondary technical school in Landskrona is called Enoch Thulin-gymnasiet, and a street is called Enoch Thulins v\u00e4g (\"Enoch Thulin road\"). The airfield 10 km north of the town has the name Enoch Thulin Airport. This airfield has a 1190 meter long and 30 meter wide runway of asphalt surface but has no regular traffic. ICAO code is ESML. There is also a statue in his honour near Landskrona harbour.", "Q65600": "Heinrich Karl Ludolf von Sybel (2 December 1817 \u2013 1 August 1895), German historian, came from a Protestant family which had long been established at Soest, in Westphalia.", "Q193178": "The Austrian Green Party (German: Die Gr\u00fcnen \u2013 Die Gr\u00fcne Alternative, lit. 'The Greens \u2013 The Green Alternative') is a green political party in Austria.\nThe party was founded in 1986 under the name \"Green Alternative\" (Gr\u00fcne Alternative), following the merger of the more conservative Green party Vereinte Gr\u00fcne \u00d6sterreichs (United Greens of Austria VG\u00d6, founded 1982) and the more progressive party Alternative Liste \u00d6sterreichs (Alternative List Austria, AL\u00d6, founded 1982). Since 1993, the party has carried the official name Die Gr\u00fcnen \u2013 Die Gr\u00fcne Alternative (Gr\u00fcne), but refers to itself in English as \"Austrian Greens\". There are still differences between the former members of the old Alternative and VG\u00d6 factions within the party, reflected in the differing approaches of the national and state parties.\nApart from ecological issues such as environmental protection, the Greens also campaign for the rights of minorities and advocate a socio-ecological (\u00f6kosozial) tax reform. Their basic values according to their charter in 2001 are: \"direct democracy, nonviolence, ecology, solidarity, feminism and self-determination\". The party is a member of the European Green Party and Global Greens.", "Q119255": "August William Ritter (born September 6, 1956) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 41st Governor of Colorado from 2007 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the district attorney for Denver before his election in 2006.\nRitter was the first native-born person to be elected as Governor of Colorado since 1975, as well as being the first Democratic officeholder in 50 years to serve with a Democratic majority in the Colorado General Assembly. Ritter did not run for a second term in 2010. Ritter announced that he would not run for a second term due to family reasons. He supported fellow Democrat John Hickenlooper, who was elected to the governorship.\n\n", "Q202815": "Vuk Stefanovi\u0107 Karad\u017ei\u0107 (pronounced [\u028b\u00fb\u02d0k stef\u01ce\u02d0no\u028bit\u0255 k\u00e2rad\u0292it\u0255], Serbian Cyrillic: \u0412\u0443\u043a \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u045f\u0438\u045b; 7 November 1787 \u2013 7 February 1864) was a philologist and linguist who was the major reformer of the Serbian language. For his collection and preservation of Serbian folktales, Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica labelled him \"the father of Serbian folk-literature scholarship.\" He was also the author of the first Serbian dictionary in the new reformed language. In addition, he translated the New Testament into the reformed form of the Serbian spelling and language.Karad\u017ei\u0107 held the view that all South Slavs that speak the Shtokavian dialect were Serbs or of Serbian origin and considered all of them to speak the Serbian language, which is today a matter of dispute among scientists. However, Karad\u017ei\u0107 wrote later that he gave up this view because he saw that the Croats of his time did not agree with it, and he switched to the definition of the Serbian nation based on Orthodoxy and the Croatian nation based on Catholicism.He was well known abroad and familiar to Jacob Grimm, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and historian Leopold von Ranke. Karad\u017ei\u0107 was the primary source for Ranke's Die serbische Revolution (\"The Serbian Revolution\"), written in 1829.", "Q184404": "Zeena Parkins is an American harpist active in free improvisation and jazz. Parkins plays standard harps, as well as several custom electric harps; she also plays piano and accordion. She is currently a guest faculty member for composition courses at Mills College.", "Q1995614": "Rovnag Ibrahim oglu Abdullayev (Azerbaijani: R\u00f6vn\u0259q Abdullayev; born 3 April 1965 in Nakhchivan City, Azerbaijan) is the CEO of the SOCAR oil company and has been president of the Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan since 2008. He is also member of National Assembly of Azerbaijan.\n\n", "Q433893": "James Mangold (born December 16, 1963) is an American film and television director, screenwriter and producer. He is best known for the films Cop Land (1997), Girl, Interrupted (1999), Walk the Line (2005) and the superhero films The Wolverine (2013) and Logan (2017), the last of which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He then directed the sports drama film Ford v Ferrari (2019), which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Picture.", "Q707230": "Kenneth Jinghwa Hsu (simplified Chinese: \u8bb8\u9756\u534e; traditional Chinese: \u8a31\u9756\u83ef; pinyin: X\u01d4 J\u00ecnghu\u00e1) Ph.D, M.A., born 28 June 1929, is a Chinese scientist, geologist, paleoclimatologist, oceanographer, government advisor, author, inventor and entrepreneur who was born in Nanjing, China.", "Q487488": "Count Anatoly Nikolaievich Demidov, 1st Prince of San Donato (Russian: \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432; 5 April OS: 24 March 1813 \u2013 29 April 1870) was a Russian industrialist, diplomat and arts patron of the Demidov family.", "Q66309": "Hohentannen is a municipality in Weinfelden District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q85092": "Ludwig Karl Heinrich Freiherr von der Pfordten (11 September 1811 in Ried (Innkreis) \u2013 18 August 1880 in Munich) was a Saxon and Bavarian attorney and politician.", "Q95281": "Gregor Br\u00fcck (1483\u20131557) was a 16th-century figure of the Reformation, and Saxon Chancellor. He is also known by his latinised name Gregorius Pontanus. His role in the early 16th century in Germany, as legal advisor to Martin Luther, may be said to earn him the title of Lawyer of the Reformation. Although now much forgotten or unknown, his contribution to European history was almost certainly world-changing.", "Q180662": "Finn Carling (1 October 1925 \u2013 12 March 2004) was a Norwegian novelist, playwright, poet and essayist. \n\n", "Q333362": "Ian Hedworth John Little Gilmour, Baron Gilmour of Craigmillar, (8 July 1926 \u2013 21 September 2007) was a Conservative politician in the United Kingdom. He was styled Sir Ian Gilmour, 3rd Baronet from 1977, having succeeded to his father's baronetcy, until he became a life peer in 1992. He served as Secretary of State for Defence in 1974, in the government of Edward Heath. He also served in the government of Margaret Thatcher, as Lord Privy Seal from 1979 to 1981.", "Q16836": "Leon Lai-ming SBS BBS MH (born 11 December 1966), is a Hong Kong actor and Cantopop singer. He is one of the \"Four Heavenly Kings\" of Hong Kong. He uses the stage name \"Li Ming\" or \"Lai Ming\", which literally means \"dawn\".", "Q77204": "Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff (10 March 1788 \u2013 26 November 1857) was a Prussian poet, novelist, playwright, literary critic, translator, and anthologist. Eichendorff was one of the major writers and critics of Romanticism. Ever since their publication and up to the present day, some of his works have been very popular in Germany.Eichendorff first became famous for his 1826 novella Aus dem Leben eines Taugenichts (freely translated: Memoirs of a Good-for-Nothing) and his poems. The Memoirs of a Good-for-Nothing is a typical Romantic novella whose main themes are wanderlust and love. The protagonist, the son of a miller, rejects his father's trade and becomes a gardener at a Viennese palace where he subsequently falls in love with the local duke's daughter. As, with his lowly status, she is unattainable for him, he escapes to Italy - only to return and learn that she is the duke's adopted daughter, and thus within his social reach. With its combination of dream world and realism, Memoirs of a Good-for-Nothing is considered to be a high point of Romantic fiction. One critic stated that Eichendorff's Good-for-Nothing is the \"personification of love of nature and an obsession with hiking.\" Thomas Mann called Eichendorff's Good-for-Nothing a combination of \"the purity of the folk song and the fairy tale.\"Many of Eichendorff's poems were first published as integral parts of his novellas and stories, where they are often performed in song by one of the protagonists. The novella Good-for-Nothing alone contains 54 poems.", "Q4858906": "Barbara G. Peters (December 22, 1940) is a publisher and bookshop owner.", "Q82925": "Joseph Conrad (born J\u00f3zef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski, Polish: [\u02c8juz\u025bf t\u025b\u02c8\u0254d\u0254r \u02c8k\u0254nrat k\u0254\u0290\u025b\u02c8\u0272\u0254fsk\u02b2i] (listen); 3 December 1857 \u2013 3 August 1924) was a Polish-British writer regarded as one of the greatest novelists to write in the English language. Though he did not speak English fluently until his twenties, he was a master prose stylist who brought a non-English sensibility into English literature. Conrad wrote stories and novels, many with a nautical setting, that depict trials of the human spirit in the midst of what he saw as an impassive, inscrutable universe.Conrad is considered an early modernist, though his works contain elements of 19th-century realism. His narrative style and anti-heroic characters have influenced numerous authors, and many films have been adapted from, or inspired by, his works. Numerous writers and critics have commented that Conrad's fictional works, written largely in the first two decades of the 20th century, seem to have anticipated later world events.Writing near the peak of the British Empire, Conrad drew, among other things, on his native Poland's national experiences and on his own experiences in the French and British merchant navies, to create short stories and novels that reflect aspects of a European-dominated world\u2014including imperialism and colonialism\u2014and that profoundly explore the human psyche.\n\n", "Q231207": "Charlotte Maria Church (born Charlotte Maria Reed, 21 February 1986) is a Welsh singer-songwriter, actress, television presenter and political activist.\nShe rose to fame in childhood as a classical singer before branching into pop music in 2005. By 2007, she had sold more than 10 million records worldwide including over 5 million in the United States. In 2010, she was reported to be worth as much as \u00a311m (though one 2003 report quoted her worth at \u00a325m). She hosted a Channel 4 chat show titled The Charlotte Church Show. Church released her first album in five years, titled Back to Scratch, on 17 October 2010. Church is a soprano.", "Q277252": "The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, or Manila Pact, signed in September 1954.\nPrimarily created to block further communist gains in Southeast Asia, SEATO is generally considered a failure because internal conflict and dispute hindered general use of the SEATO military; however, SEATO-funded cultural and educational programs left longstanding effects in Southeast Asia. SEATO was dissolved on 30 June 1977 after many members lost interest and withdrew.", "Q257182": "Yvonne Marianne Elliman (born December 29, 1951) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress who performed for four years in the first cast of Jesus Christ Superstar. She scored a number of hits in the 1970s and achieved a US #1 hit with \"If I Can't Have You\"; the song was also #9 on the Adult Contemporary chart. Her cover of Barbara Lewis's \"Hello Stranger\" went to #1 on Adult Contemporary chart, and \"Love Me\" was also #5, giving her 3 top 10 singles. After a long hiatus in the 1980s and 1990s, during which time she dedicated herself to her family, she made a comeback album as a singer-songwriter in 2004.", "Q68442": "Sch\u00f6nholzerswilen is a municipality in the district of M\u00fcnchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.", "Q335075": "Mustafa Kamel Mustafa (Arabic: \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u200e; born 15 April 1958), also known as Abu Hamza al-Masri ( (listen); \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a, Ab\u016b \u1e24amzah al-Ma\u1e63r\u012b \u2013 literally, the Egyptian father of Hamza), the Hook Hand or simply Abu Hamza, is an Egyptian cleric who was the imam of Finsbury Park Mosque in London, England, where he preached Islamic fundamentalism and militant Islamism.\nIn 2004, Hamza was arrested by British police after the United States requested he be extradited to face charges. He was later charged by British authorities with sixteen offences for inciting violence and racial hatred. In 2006, a British court found him guilty of inciting violence, and sentenced him to seven years' imprisonment. On 5 October 2012, after an eight-year legal battle, he was extradited from the UK to the United States to face terrorism charges and on 14 April 2014 his trial began in New York. On 19 May 2014, Hamza was found guilty of eleven terrorism charges by a jury in Manhattan. On 9 January 2015, he was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.\n\n", "Q152042": "Peter Francis James (born September 16, 1956) is an American actor and voice-over artist, distinguished by his strong baritone.\n\n", "Q246931": "Abraham Michael \"Abe\" Rosenthal (May 2, 1922 \u2013 May 10, 2006) was an American journalist who served as The New York Times executive editor from 1977 to 1988, having served previously as the city editor and managing editor. At the end of his tenure as executive editor, he became a columnist (1987\u20131999) and New York Daily News columnist (1999\u20132004).\nHe joined The New York Times in 1943 and remained there for 56 years, to 1999. Rosenthal won a Pulitzer Prize in 1960 for international reporting. As an editor at the newspaper, Rosenthal oversaw the coverage of a number of major news stories including the Vietnam War (1961\u20131975), the Pentagon Papers (1971), and the Watergate scandal (1972\u20131974). He was instrumental in the paper's coverage of the 1964 Kitty Genovese murder case, which was widely influential and established the concept of the \"bystander effect\", but later came to be regarded as flawed and misleading.\nTogether with Catherine A. Fitzpatrick, he was the first Westerner to visit a Soviet Gulag camp in 1988. His son, Andrew Rosenthal, was The Times editorial page editor from 2007 to 2016.", "Q200964": "Anwar Nasser al-Awlaki (also spelled al-Aulaqi, al-Awlaqi; Arabic: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0642\u064a\u200e Anwar al-\u2018Awlaq\u012b; April 21 or 22, 1971 \u2013 September 30, 2011) was a Yemeni-American imam. U.S. government officials say that, as well as being a senior recruiter and motivator, he was centrally involved in planning terrorist operations for the Islamist militant group al-Qaeda, but have not released evidence that could support this statement. Al-Awlaki became the first U.S. citizen to be targeted and killed by a U.S. drone strike without the rights of due process being afforded. President Barack Obama ordered the strike which was effectively ordering the execution of a U.S. citzen without a trial. His son, Abdulrahman al-Awlaki (a 16-year-old U.S. citizen), was killed in a U.S. drone strike two weeks later. On January 29, 2017, al-Awlaki's 8-year-old daughter, Nawar al-Awlaki, was killed in a U.S. commando attack in Yemen that was ordered by President Donald Trump. With a blog, a Facebook page, the al-Qaeda magazine Inspire, and many YouTube videos, al-Awlaki was described by Saudi news station Al Arabiya as the \"bin Laden of the Internet\". After a request from the U.S. Congress in November 2010, Google removed many of al-Awlaki's videos from YouTube. According to The New York Times, al-Awlaki's public statements and videos have been more influential in inspiring acts of terrorism in the wake of his killing than before his death.As imam at a mosque in Falls Church, Virginia (2001\u201302), al-Awlaki spoke with and preached to three of the 9/11 hijackers, who were al-Qaeda members. In 2001, he presided at the funeral of the mother of Nidal Malik Hasan, an Army psychiatrist, who later e-mailed him extensively, in 2008\u201309 before carrying out the Fort Hood shootings. Al-Awlaki, however, did not reply to Hasan's many emails.During al-Awlaki's later radical period after 2006\u201307, when he went into hiding, he may have associated with Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, who attempted the 2009 Christmas Day bombing of an American airliner. Al-Awlaki was allegedly involved in planning Abdulmutallab's attack.\nThe Yemeni government tried him in absentia in November 2010, for plotting to kill foreigners and being a member of al-Qaeda. A Yemeni judge ordered that he be captured \"dead or alive\". Some U.S. officials said that in 2009, al-Awlaki was promoted to the rank of \"regional commander\" within al-Qaeda. Others felt that Nasir al-Wuhayshi still held this rank and that al-Awlaki was an influential member in the group. He repeatedly called for jihad against the United States.In April 2010, al-Awlaki was placed on a CIA kill list by President Barack Obama due to his alleged terrorist activities. Al-Awlaki's father and civil rights groups challenged the order in court. Al-Awlaki was believed to be in hiding in southeast Yemen in the last years of his life. The U.S. deployed unmanned aircraft (drones) in Yemen to search for and kill him, firing at and failing to kill him at least once; he was successfully killed on September 30, 2011. Two weeks later, al-Awlaki's 16-year-old son, Abdulrahman al-Awlaki, a U.S. citizen who was born in Denver, Colorado, was also killed by a CIA-led drone strike in Yemen. Nasser al-Awlaki, Anwar's father, released an audio recording condemning the killings of his son and grandson as senseless murders. In June 2014, a previously classified memorandum issued by the U.S. Department of Justice was released, justifying al-Awlaki's death as a lawful act of war. Some civil liberties advocates have described the incident as \"an extrajudicial execution\" that breached al-Awlaki's right to due process, including a trial.\n\n", "Q48792": "George Foster Shepley (January 1, 1819 \u2013 July 20, 1878) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, military governor of Louisiana and a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Circuit Courts for the First Circuit.", "Q828190": "Elbert Joseph \"Bertie\" Higgins (born December 8, 1944) is an American singer-songwriter. In 1982, Higgins had a Top 40 album with Just Another Day in Paradise. It spawned the #1 Billboard romantic classic ballad \"Key Largo\", which referenced the Humphrey Bogart movie of the same name and reached #8 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 record chart and #1 in the Billboard adult contemporary charts and #50 in the Billboard Country Music charts. In 2009, the song \"Key Largo\" was #75 on VH1's Greatest One-Hit Wonders of the 80s.", "Q78651": "Johannes \"Hanns\" Evangelist H\u00f6rbiger (29 November 1860, in Atzgersdorf \u2013 11 October 1931, in Mauer), better known as Hanns H\u00f6rbiger, was an Austrian engineer from Vienna with roots in Tyrol. He took part in the construction of the Budapest subway and in 1894 invented a new type of valve essential for compressors still in widespread use today.\nHe is also remembered today for his pseudoscientific Welteislehre (\"World Ice doctrine\").", "Q1151982": "C\u00e9sar L\u00f3pez (born 1973) is a classically trained musician, composer, producer guitarist and pianist from Bogota, Colombia. In 2003, L\u00f3pez founded the Battalion of Immediate Artistic Reaction which involves various musicians and activists seeking alternatives to the ever-present violence that has plagued Colombia over many years. The group mainly concentrates its efforts on the capital city of Bogot\u00e1. When advised, the group is widely known to immediately convene together to play for the victims directly impacted by the violence within the country.Cesar Lopez is officially a 'Non Violence Messenger' of the United Nations and an 'Emissary of Consciousness' for Amnesty International.\nL\u00f3pez is the creator of the Escopetarra, a largely symbolic musical instrument which is an AK-47 converted into a guitar.\nIn 2010, he and his Audio Engineer, Julio Monroy, recorded the album \"Las voces del Salado\", the \u00e1lbum was recorded at the \"Montes de Maria\" with the people from the town El Salado who were involved in the Masacre of El Salado.", "Q104204": "Dieter K\u00fcrten (born 23 April 1935 in Duisburg) is a German sports journalist.", "Q355781": "George Peabody Macready Jr. (August 29, 1899 \u2013 July 2, 1973) was an American stage, film, and television actor often cast in roles as polished villains.", "Q1136919": "Iowa State University of Science and Technology, known simply as Iowa State University or Iowa State, is a public land-grant and space-grant research university in Ames, Iowa. It is the largest university in the state of Iowa and the third largest university in the Big 12 athletic conference. Iowa State is classified among \"R1: Doctoral Universities \u2013 Very high research activity.\" It is also a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU).Founded in 1858 and coeducational from its start, Iowa State became the nation's first designated land-grant institution when the Iowa Legislature accepted the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Act on September 11, 1862, making Iowa the first state in the nation to do so.Iowa State's academic offerings are administered today through eight colleges, including the graduate college, that offer over 100 bachelor's degree programs, 112 master's degree programs, and 83 at the Ph.D. level, plus a professional degree program in Veterinary Medicine.Iowa State University's athletic teams, the Cyclones, compete in Division I of the NCAA and are a founding member of the Big 12. The Cyclones field 16 varsity teams and have won numerous NCAA national championships.\n\n", "Q271145": "Mar\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n Alonso Bustillo (born June 29, 1957), better known as Mar\u00eda Conchita Alonso, is an actress, singer, songwriter, former beauty queen, and Venezuelan philanthropist.\nThroughout her career she has participated in multiple productions both in film and on television, having been nominated for the Independent Spirit Award as Best Leading Actress in 1996 for her role in Caught . As a singer has received several gold and platinum records, being nominated three times for the Grammy Awards.\nMar\u00eda Conchita, was the first Latin American actress not born in the United States to star in a musical play on Broadway, Kiss of the Spider Woman at the Broadhurst Theater in 1995.", "Q4200373": "The Imperial School of Jurisprudence (Russian: \u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f) was, along with the Page Corps, the most prestigious school for boys in Saint Petersburg, the capital of the Russian Empire.\nThe school for would-be imperial administrators was founded by Duke Peter of Oldenburg in 1835. The classes were accommodated in six buildings along the Fontanka Quay. The premises were extensively renovated in 1893\u201395 and 1909\u201310, when the main building acquired its distinctive cupola. After the October Revolution of 1917, the school was disbanded, but its memory survives in the nursery rhyme about Chizhik-Pyzhik.\nAmong the instructors were the leading lawyers of Imperial Russia, such as Anatoly Koni and W\u0142odzimierz Spasowicz. Boys studied in the school for six or seven years.\nThe graduates of the School of Jurisprudence include Ivan Aksakov, Aleksey Apukhtin, Konstantin Pobedonostsev, Alexander Serov, Vladimir Stasov, Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and his younger brother Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky.", "Q4720526": "Prince Alexander von F\u00fcrstenberg (born Alexandre Egon Prinz zu F\u00fcrstenberg, January 25, 1970) is an American businessman and the son of fashion designers Diane von F\u00fcrstenberg and Prince Egon von F\u00fcrstenberg.", "Q115309": "Margot Elisabeth Ebert (born Magdeburg 8 June 1926: died Berlin 26 June 2009) was a German actress, presenter, dancer, entertainer and writer.", "Q261356": "Patricia McPherson is a former American actress best known for her role in the 1980s TV series Knight Rider as Bonnie Barstow.", "Q439366": "Wayne Richard Wells (November 4, 1965 \u2013 November 1, 2014), known professionally as Wayne Static, was an American musician, best known as the lead vocalist, guitarist, keyboardist and music sequencer for metal band Static-X. He released his only solo studio album, Pighammer, on October 4, 2011.", "Q888326": "James Robert Wills (March 6, 1905 \u2013 May 13, 1975) was an American Western swing musician, songwriter, and bandleader. Considered by music authorities as the co-founder of Western swing, he was known widely as the King of Western Swing (although Spade Cooley self-promoted the moniker \"King of Western Swing\" from 1942 to 1969).\nWills formed several bands and played radio stations around the South and West until he formed the Texas Playboys in 1934 with Wills on fiddle, Tommy Duncan on piano and vocals, rhythm guitarist June Whalin, tenor banjoist Johnnie Lee Wills, and Kermit Whalin, who played steel guitar and bass. The band played regularly on Tulsa, Oklahoma radio station KVOO and added Leon McAuliffe on steel guitar, pianist Al Stricklin, drummer Smokey Dacus, and a horn section that expanded the band's sound. Wills favored jazz-like arrangements and the band found national popularity into the 1940s with such hits as \"Steel Guitar Rag\", \"New San Antonio Rose\", \"Smoke On The Water\", \"Stars And Stripes On Iwo Jima\", and \"New Spanish Two Step\".\nWills and the Texas Playboys recorded with several publishers and companies, including Vocalion, Okeh, Columbia, and MGM, frequently moving. In 1950, he had two top 10 hits, \"Ida Red Likes the Boogie\" and \"Faded Love\", which were his last hits for a decade. Throughout the 1950s, he struggled with poor health and tenuous finances, but continued to perform frequently despite the decline in popularity of his earlier music as rock and roll took over. Wills had a heart attack in 1962 and a second one the next year, which forced him to disband the Playboys, although Wills continued to perform solo.\nThe Country Music Hall of Fame inducted Wills in 1968 and the Texas State Legislature honored him for his contribution to American music.In 1972, Wills accepted a citation from the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers in Nashville. He was recording an album with fan Merle Haggard in 1973 when a stroke left him comatose until his death in 1975. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted Wills and the Texas Playboys in 1999.", "Q456979": "John Lee Thompson (1 August 1914 \u2013 30 August 2002) was a British film director, active in London and Hollywood, best known for such movies as Ice Cold in Alex, Cape Fear and The Guns of Navarone.\n\n", "Q75375": "Lautaro N\u00fa\u00f1ez Atencio, (Iquique 24 January 1936) is a Chilean historian winner of the Chilean National History Award in 2002.", "Q109720": "J\u00fcrgen Tonkel (born 23 August 1962) is a German actor.", "Q376158": "John Smith (born Robert Errol Van Orden, March 6, 1931 \u2013 January 25, 1995) was an American actor remembered in particular for his leading roles in two NBC western television series, Cimarron City and Laramie.", "Q235707": "Kellan Christopher Lutz (born March 15, 1985) is an American actor and model. He made his film debut in Stick It (2006), and is best known for playing Emmett Cullen in The Twilight Saga film series (2008\u20132012). He has since played Poseidon in the 2011 film Immortals, voiced the title character in the 2013 animated film Tarzan, played John Smilee in The Expendables 3 (2014), and Hercules in The Legend of Hercules (2014).", "Q14947": "Backnang (pronunciation ; Swabian: Bagene) is a town in Germany in the Bundesland of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, roughly 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Stuttgart. Its population has increased greatly over the past century, from 7,650 in 1900 to 35,761 in 2005.\nBacknang was ceded to W\u00fcrttemberg by the Baden (Z\u00e4hringer family) in 1325. Backnang has been known as Gerberstadt due to several tanneries and leather factories, and wool and cloth mills that dominated Backnang's industries. Today, all of these have vanished, and instead, telecommunication companies such as Ericsson (formerly AEG, Telefunken, ANT Nachrichtentechnik, Bosch and Marconi) and Tesat-Spacecom dominate the town's industries. The Stiftskirche, formerly the church of Backnang Abbey, dates back to the 12th century.\nBacknang hosts the annual Strassenfest during the last weekend in June. It has been founded as a street festival where local sports and cultural clubs offered drinks and foods. The traditional opening of the Strassenfest is marked with cannon shots from the city tower at 6 pm on Friday and ends with the Zapfenstreich on the following Monday at 11 pm. The Strassenfest typically attracts more than 100,000 spectators.", "Q64278": "Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau (baptised December 25, 1616 \u2013 April 4, 1679) was a German poet of the Baroque era.\nHe was born and died in Breslau (Wroc\u0142aw) in Silesia. During his education in Danzig (Gda\u0144sk) and Leiden, he befriended Martin Opitz and Andreas Gryphius, both leading figures in 17th-century German poetry. In his later years, Hofmannswaldau involved himself in the city politics of Breslau, rising to the position of B\u00fcrgermeister.\nDuring his lifetime, Hofmannswaldau's poems circulated mostly in manuscript. It was the posthumous publication of Deutsche \u00dcbersetzungen und Gedichte in 1679 that assured his reputation as the most influential poet of his era, followed by Benjamin Neukirch's even more extensive collection, Herrn von Hoffmannswaldau und anderer Deutschen auserlesener und bi\u00dfher ungedruckter Gedichte, the first volume of which appeared in 1695. Hofmannswaldau's style of poetry came to be known as Galant and is marked by extravagant metaphors, skillful use of rhetoric and unashamed eroticism. It shows the influence of the Italian poet Giambattista Marino. Hofmannswaldau's verse enjoyed great popularity until it was attacked for bad taste by Johann Christoph Gottsched in the mid-18th century.\n\n", "Q679936": "Ferenc Sb\u00fcll (Slovene: Fran \u0160b\u00fcl or \u017dbul) (around July 26, 1825 \u2013 August 12, 1864) was a Hungarian Slovene poet and Catholic priest in Hungary. He was born in Turni\u0161\u010de, a village in the Prekmurje region of Slovenia, then part of the Zala County of the Kingdom of Hungary. He studied in K\u0151szeg, Szombathely and Vienna. He wrote both secular and religious poetry in his native Prekmurje dialect. He died in Dolenci.", "Q2904449": "Birdsong is a two-part British 2012 television drama, based on the 1993 war novel Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks. It stars Eddie Redmayne as Stephen Wraysford and Cl\u00e9mence Po\u00e9sy as Isabelle Azaire and was directed by Philip Martin based on a screenplay by Abi Morgan.\nThe adaptation was produced by Working Title Films for the BBC and PBS's Masterpiece. It premiered in January 2012 in the United Kingdom and in April 2012 in the United States.", "Q466662": "Vilma Lucila Esp\u00edn Guillois (7 April 1930 \u2013 18 June 2007) was a Cuban revolutionary, feminist, and chemical engineer. She helped supply and organize the 26th of July Movement as an underground spy, and took an active role in many branches of the Cuban government from the conclusion of the revolution to her death. As an adamant feminist, Esp\u00edn helped found the Federation of Cuban Women and promoted equal rights for Cuban women in all spheres of life.", "Q214911": "Margarete Susman (married: Margarete von Bendemann; October 14, 1872 \u2013 January 16, 1966) was a German-Jewish poet, writer, and critic who lived much of her life in Switzerland. The author of hundreds of essays, five collections of poetry, and notable literary-critical works, she distinguished herself as a philosophical writer addressing vital questions in literature, politics, culture and religion. Her 1946 work Das Buch Hiob und das Schicksal des j\u00fcdischen Volkes (1946), a reflection on Jewish history through the lens of the Biblical book of Job, was one of the earliest postwar Jewish theological responses to the Holocaust.", "Q65172": "Calfreisen (Romansh: Chiaunreis ) is a former municipality in the district of Plessur in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Calfreisen, Castiel, Langwies, L\u00fcen, Molinis, Peist and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.", "Q119527": "Adolf Heinrich Strodtmann (24 March 1829, in Flensburg \u2013 17 March 1879, in Steglitz) was a German poet, journalist, translator and literary historian. He wrote an early biography of Heinrich Heine and emigrated to the United States for a time.", "Q1068865": "Chibi Vampire, originally released in Japan as Karin (Japanese: \u304b\u308a\u3093), is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yuna Kagesaki. The story is about an unusual vampire girl, who instead of drinking blood must inject it into others because she produces too much. Chibi Vampire first premiered in the sh\u014dnen magazine Monthly Dragon Age in the October 2003 issue, and ran until February 2008. The individual chapters were published by Kadokawa Shoten into fourteen collected volumes. Later an anime series for \"Chibi Vampire\" was also produced in 2005. This anime series has a somewhat similar but different story and ending.\nIn 2003, Tohru Kai began writing a series of light novels based on the manga, with Kagesaki providing the illustrations. The nine-volume series was published in Japan by Fujimi Shobo. Both the manga and light novel series were licensed for English language release by Tokyopop. Tokyopop renamed the manga series to Chibi Vampire and the novel series to Chibi Vampire: The Novel.\nIn 2005, an anime television series adaptation was animated by J.C.Staff and directed by Shinichiro Kimura. Spanning twenty-four episodes, the series aired in Japan on WOWOW from November 4, 2005 through May 12, 2006. It was licensed for an English release to Region 1 DVD, under the original name Karin, by Geneon USA. On July 3, 2008, Geneon Entertainment and Funimation Entertainment announced that Funimation had agreed to be the exclusive North American distributor of Geneon titles, including Karin.", "Q233362": "Helen Maxine Reddy (born 25 October 1941) is an Australian-American singer, actress, and activist. Born in Melbourne, Victoria to a show-business family, Reddy started her career as an entertainer at age four. She sang on radio and television, and won a talent contest on a television program, Bandstand, in 1966; her prize was a ticket to New York City and a record audition, which turned out to be unsuccessful. She pursued her international singing career by moving to Chicago and, subsequently, Los Angeles, where she made her debut singles \"One Way Ticket\" and \"I Believe in Music\" in 1968 and 1970, respectively. The B-side of the latter single, \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" reached No. 13 in Canadian pop chart RPM and she was signed to Capitol Records a year later.\nDuring the 1970s, she enjoyed international success, especially in the United States where she placed 15 singles in the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100. Six made the Top 10 and three reached No. 1, including her signature hit \"I Am Woman\". She placed 25 songs on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart; 15 made the Top 10 and eight reached No. 1, six consecutively. In 1974, at the inaugural American Music Awards, she became the first artist to win the award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist. In television, she was the first Australian to host her own one-hour weekly primetime variety show on an American network, along with several specials that were seen in more than 40 countries.Between the 1980s and 1990s, as her single \"I Can't Say Goodbye to You\" became her last to chart in the U.S., she acted in musical theatres and recorded a few albums such as Center Stage before retiring from live performance in 2002. She returned to university in Australia and earned her degree, and practised as a clinical hypnotherapist and motivational speaker. In 2011, after singing \"Breezin' Along with the Breeze\" with her half-sister, Toni Lamond, for Lamond's birthday, Reddy decided to return to live performing.Her song \"I Am Woman\" played a large role in popular culture and became an anthem for second-wave feminism. She came to be known as a \"feminist poster girl\" or a \"feminist icon\". In 2011, Billboard named her the No. 28 adult contemporary artist of all time (No. 9 woman). In 2013, the Chicago Tribune dubbed her as the \"Queen of '70s Pop\".", "Q128922": "Leonid Mykhaylovych Chernovetskyi (Ukrainian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0434 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439; born November 25, 1951 in Kharkiv, Ukrainian SSR) is a former Mayor of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, from 2006 until the summer of 2012. He was a successful businessman, founder and controlling stakeholder of the Pravex Group and Pravex Bank, one of the largest banks in Ukraine. Since the appointment by President Viktor Yanukovych of Oleksandr Popov as Head of Kiev City State Administration on 16 November 2010, replacing Chernovetskyi, Chernovetskyi was deprived of any real decision-making role in Kiev. He tendered his resignation on 1 June 2012.After this resignation Chernovetsky and his family moved to the Georgian town Kobuleti and he has Georgian citizenship", "Q91795": "Hans-Georg Panczak (born 19 July 1952 in D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany) is a German television actor and voice actor. He is best known as the German voice of Waylon Smithers in The Simpsons, of Mark Hamill in the original Star Wars trilogy, and of Glen Quagmire in Family Guy since the fourth season.", "Q941898": "The Southern Conference (SoCon) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. Southern Conference football teams compete in the Football Championship Subdivision (formerly known as Division I-AA). Member institutions are located in the states of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.\nEstablished in 1921, the Southern Conference ranks as the fifth-oldest major college athletic conference in the United States, and either the third- or fourth-oldest in continuous operation, depending on definitions. Among conferences currently in operation, the Big Ten (1896) and Missouri Valley (1907) are indisputably older. The Pac-12 Conference did not operate under its current charter until 1959, but claims the history of the Pacific Coast Conference, founded in 1915, as its own. The Southwest Conference (SWC) was founded in 1914, but ceased operation in 1996. The Big Eight Conference claimed the same history as the Missouri Valley from 1907 to 1928 during its existence; though it essentially merged with four SWC members to form the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Big 12 does not claim the Big Eight's legacy. The Ivy League was formally organized in 1954 with athletic competition starting in 1955, but claims the history of the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League, which competed from 1901 to 1955, as its own.\nThe SoCon was the first conference to use the three-point field goal in basketball in a November 29, 1980 game at Western Carolina against Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU), where Ronnie Carr shot the historic shot from 22 feet (6.7 m) away and the Catamounts won 77\u201370.The Southern Conference is considered one of the stronger football conferences in the Football Championship Subdivision and is considered a mid-major conference in basketball. It has also garnered considerable national attention from its recent success in these sports: in particular, former member, three-time Division I NCAA Football champion Appalachian State Mountaineers, who stunned the fifth-ranked Michigan Wolverines 34\u201332 on September 1, 2007; from the Davidson Wildcats, who reached the Elite Eight in the 2008 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament by upsetting power programs Gonzaga (a mid-major school which became a power program in the 2000s), Georgetown, and Wisconsin. More recently, the six-time Division I NCAA Football champion Georgia Southern Eagles stunned Southeastern Conference power-house Florida Gators 26\u201320 in The Swamp on November 23, 2013\u2014the first loss to a lower division opponent in the Florida program's history. In 2015, Furman defeated UCF 16\u201315 and The Citadel topped South Carolina 23\u201322 for their second win over the Gamecocks in the past three meetings. The SoCon also frequently sees multiple teams selected to participate in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship.", "Q948102": "Lake Elsinore is a city in western Riverside County, California, United States. Established as a city in 1888, it is on the shore of Lake Elsinore, a natural freshwater lake about 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) in size. The city has grown from a small resort town in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to a population of well above 60,000 as of 2017.", "Q329448": "Public Enemies is a 2009 American biographical crime drama film directed by Michael Mann and written by Mann, Ronan Bennett and Ann Biderman. It is an adaptation of Bryan Burrough's non-fiction book Public Enemies: America's Greatest Crime Wave and the Birth of the FBI, 1933\u201334. Set during the Great Depression, the film chronicles the final years of the notorious bank robber John Dillinger (Johnny Depp) as he is pursued by FBI agent Melvin Purvis (Christian Bale), Dillinger's relationship with Billie Frechette (Marion Cotillard), as well as Purvis' pursuit of Dillinger's associates and fellow criminals Homer Van Meter (Stephen Dorff) and Baby Face Nelson (Stephen Graham).\nBurrough originally intended to make a television miniseries about the Depression-era crime wave in the United States, but decided to write a book on the subject instead. Mann developed the project, and some scenes were filmed on location where certain events depicted in the film occurred, though the film is not entirely historically accurate. The film was successful both critically and commercially.", "Q4668238": "Abol-Bashar Mirza Farman Farmaian (1919 in Tehran, Iran \u2013 1998 in United States) was the son of the Qajar Persian nobleman Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma and his wife Batoul Khanoum.\nAbol-Bashar attended Columbia University in New York, where he studied law.", "Q658734": "Frederik Jacques \"Frits\" Philips (16 April 1905 \u2013 5 December 2005) was the fourth chairman of the board of directors of the Dutch electronics company Philips, which his uncle and father founded. For his actions in saving 382 Jews during the Nazi Occupation of the Netherlands in World War II, he was recognized in 1996 by Yad Vashem as a Righteous Among the Nations.", "Q107719": "Marie Eva Elwine Goslich (24 February 1859 in Frankfurt (Oder) \u2013 1936) was a German journalist, photographer and magazine editor. She is listed in the Berlin Residents Directory as \"Writer and Editor\" from 1902 to 1908 in Berlin W 57, Kurf\u00fcrstenstra\u00dfe 18, in 1909 she lived in B\u00fclowstra\u00dfe 59 and in 1910 in Berlin W 62 in Massenstra\u00dfe 35. During the years 1907 to 1910, she was editor of the journal K\u00f6rperkultur (Body Culture). In Potsdam, she became a member of the editorial board for the journal Bote f\u00fcr die christliche Frauenwelt (Messenger for Christian Women), published in the Foundation Publishing House by Pastor Theodor Hoppe (1846\u20131934), the founder of the Oberlinhauses. She also published in Die Mark (The Mark), an illustrated journal for tourism and local history. From 1916 to 1920, she was the responsible script manager for the Bote f\u00fcr die deutsche Frauenwelt (Messenger for German Women), as the Bote f\u00fcr die christliche Frauenwelt has been named since 1913.", "Q118639": "Valentin Schindler (14 February 1543 \u2013 11 June 1604) was a Lutheran Hebraist and professor of the University of Wittenberg, where he was an important teacher of the Hebrew language. He moved by 1594 to Helmstedt.He is known for his dictionary \"Lexicon Pentaglotton: Hebraicum, Chaldicum, Syriacum, Talmudico-Rabbinicum, et Arabicum\", in which the vocabulary of Hebrew and of four other Semitic languages is translated to Latin. It was published posthumously in 1612, one year before the 1613 Arabic-Latin lexicon of Franciscus Raphelengius. An abridgement was published in 1637 by William Alabaster.", "Q321014": "Alvin Pleasant Delaney Carter (December 15, 1891 \u2013 November 7, 1960), professionally known as A. P. Carter, was an American musician and founding member of The Carter Family, one of the most notable acts in the history of country music.", "Q70219": "Rochefort is a municipality in the district of Boudry in the canton of Neuch\u00e2tel in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 it absorbed the small municipality of Brot-Dessous.", "Q1233173": "Dobbs Ferry is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 10,875 according to the 2010 United States Census. In 2018, its population rose to an estimated 11,027. The village of Dobbs Ferry is located in, and is a part of, the town of Greenburgh. The village ZIP code is 10522. Most of the village falls within the boundaries of the Dobbs Ferry Union Free School District.\nDobbs Ferry was ranked seventh in the list of the top 10 places to live in New York State for 2014 according to the national online real estate brokerage Movoto. Dobbs Ferry is also the first village in New York State certified as a Climate Smart Community and was granted in 2014 the highest level given out in the state.", "Q313918": "Anthony Anderson (born August 15, 1970) is an American actor, comedian, writer, and game show host. He has starred in his own short-lived sitcom, All About the Andersons, as well as the ABC sitcom Black-ish and the Fox sitcom The Bernie Mac Show during its fifth and final season. He is known for his leading roles in drama series K-Ville, The Shield and as NYPD Detective Kevin Bernard on Law & Order. He has had major roles in feature films such as Me, Myself & Irene (2000), Kangaroo Jack (2003), Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London (2004), The Departed (2006), Transformers (2007), and Scream 4 (2011).\nAnderson is a regular judge on Food Network's Iron Chef America. Since September 2014, he has served as an executive producer and starred as Andre Johnson on the ABC sitcom Black-ish. Since June 2016, he has served as host of the ABC version of the game show To Tell the Truth. In addition, he has served as guest panelist for various game shows.", "Q955635": "Nicholas Valensi (born January 16, 1981) is an American guitarist, singer, songwriter and session musician. He is most famous for his role as lead and rhythm guitarist, as well as occasional backing vocalist and Mellotron player, in the American rock band the Strokes. Valensi has also worked as a songwriter and session guitarist with various artists, including Sia, Blondie, Brody Dalle, Regina Spektor and Kate Pierson. In 2013, he founded side-project CRX, for which he acts as singer, songwriter and lead and rhythm guitarist. Their debut album, New Skin, was released on October 28, 2016.", "Q373034": "Sa\u00efd Taghmaoui (born July 19, 1973) is a French-American actor and screenwriter of Moroccan descent. One of his major screen roles was that of Sa\u00efd in the 1995 French film La Haine, directed by Mathieu Kassovitz. Taghmaoui has also appeared in a number of English-language films, with roles such as Captain Said in Three Kings (1999) and Sameer in Wonder Woman (2017).", "Q172386": "Torsten Palm (born 23 July 1947 in Kristinehamn) is a former racing driver from Sweden.", "Q104210": "Arthur Brill was a politician in the Free City of Danzig. Brill was the chairman of the Social Democratic Party of the Free City of Danzig between 1920 and 1936. Brill represented Danzig in the executive of the Labour and Socialist International between January 1929 and 1936. Between July 1931 and 1934 he shared the seat with Johann Kowoll.", "Q1151996": "Disturbing Tha Peace (DTP) is an American record label founded by Christopher \"Ludacris\" Bridges. Today it operates as a subsidiary of Def Jam, a division of Universal.", "Q78645": "Maria Mandl (also spelled Mandel; 10 January 1912 \u2013 24 January 1948) was an Austrian SS-Helferin known for her role in the Holocaust as a top-ranking official at the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp where she is believed to have been directly complicit in the deaths of over 500,000 female prisoners. She was executed for war crimes.", "Q1140643": "T\u014dyama Mitsuru (\u982d\u5c71 \u6e80, 27 May 1855 \u2013 5 October 1944) was a Japanese right wing and ultra nationalist founder of Genyosha (Black Ocean Society) and Kokuryukai (Black Dragon Society). T\u014dyama was a strong advocate of Pan Asianism (Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere).", "Q506828": "Charles Deering (July 31, 1852 \u2013 February 5, 1927) was an American businessman, art collector, and philanthropist. He was an executive of the agricultural machinery company founded by his father that became International Harvester. Charles's successful stewardship of the family firm left him with the means and leisure to indulge his interests in the arts and natural sciences. His activities and benefactions in the US were centered on Chicago and Miami; he also aspired to found an art museum in Spain.", "Q31523": "Yosa Buson or Yosa no Buson (\u4e0e\u8b1d \u856a\u6751, 1716 \u2013 January 17, 1784) was a Japanese poet and painter of the Edo period. Along with Matsuo Bash\u014d and Kobayashi Issa, Buson is considered among the greatest poets of the Edo Period.", "Q433139": "Old Heidelberg (German: Alt Heidelberg) is a 1959 West German drama film directed by Ernst Marischka and starring Christian Wolff, Gert Fr\u00f6be and Sabine Sinjen. It is an adaptation of the 1901 play Old Heidelberg by Wilhelm Meyer-F\u00f6rster.It was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin with sets designed by the art directors Hertha Hareiter and Otto Pischinger.", "Q634822": "James Dougal Adrianus \"Ox\" van Hoften, Ph.D. (born June 11, 1944) is an American civil and hydraulic engineer, retired U.S. Navy officer and aviator, and a former astronaut for NASA.", "Q77576": "Harry S. Morgan, legal name Michael Schey (born August 29, 1945 \u2013 found dead April 30, 2011) was a German actor, producer and director of pornographic movies. He is famous for directing classic-style movies.", "Q2140313": "Sir William Henry Preece (15 February 1834 \u2013 6 November 1913) was a Welsh electrical engineer and inventor. Preece relied on experiments and physical reasoning in his life's work. Upon his retirement from the Post Office in 1899, Preece was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 1899 Birthday Honours.\n\n", "Q228024": "John Smith (baptized. 6 January 1580 \u2013 21 June 1631) was an English soldier, explorer, colonial governor, Admiral of New England, and author. He played an important role in the establishment of the colony at Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in America in the early 17th century. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony between September 1608 and August 1609, and he led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay, during which he became the first English explorer to map the Chesapeake Bay area. Later, he explored and mapped the coast of New England. He was knighted for his services to Sigismund B\u00e1thory, Prince of Transylvania, and his friend M\u00f3zes Sz\u00e9kely.\nJamestown was established in 1607, and Smith trained the first settlers to farm and work, thus saving the colony from early devastation. He publicly stated, \"He that will not work, shall not eat\", alluding to 2 Thessalonians 3:10. Harsh weather, lack of food and water, the surrounding swampy wilderness, and Indian attacks almost destroyed the colony. With Smith's leadership, however, Jamestown survived and eventually flourished. Smith was forced to return to England after being injured by an accidental explosion of gunpowder in a canoe.\nSmith's books and maps were important in encouraging and supporting English colonization of the New World. He named the region of New England and noted: \"Here every man may be master and owner of his owne labour and land. ... If he have nothing but his hands, he may ... by industries quickly grow rich.\" Smith died in London in 1631.\n\n", "Q173098": "Tom Bels\u00f8 (27 August 1942 \u2013 12 January 2020) was a motor racing driver, credited as the first Formula One driver from Denmark.\n\n", "Q49498": "Deep Impact is a 1998 American science-fiction disaster film directed by Mimi Leder, written by Bruce Joel Rubin and Michael Tolkin, and starring Robert Duvall, T\u00e9a Leoni, Elijah Wood, Vanessa Redgrave, Maximilian Schell, and Morgan Freeman. Steven Spielberg served as an executive producer of this film. It was released by Paramount Pictures in North America and by DreamWorks Pictures internationally on May 8, 1998. The film depicts the attempts to prepare for and destroy a 7-mile (11 km) wide comet set to collide with Earth and cause a mass extinction.\nDeep Impact was released in the same summer as a similarly themed film, Armageddon, which fared better at the box office, while astronomers described Deep Impact as being more scientifically accurate. Both films were similarly received by critics, with Armageddon scoring 39% and Deep Impact scoring 44% on Rotten Tomatoes, with Deep Impact grossing over $349 million worldwide on an $80 million production budget. It was the final film by cinematographer Dietrich Lohmann, who died before the film's release.", "Q4720254": "Alexander James Trotman, Baron Trotman (22 July 1933 \u2013 25 April 2005) was an English-born businessman who served as the CEO of Ford Motor Company from 1993 to 1998. Trotman was the first foreign-born chairman and CEO of a Big Three American automobile manufacturer.", "Q276158": "Kwon Yu-ri (born December 5, 1989), better known by her mononym Yuri, is a South Korean singer, actress and songwriter. She debuted as a member of girl group Girls' Generation (and later its subgroup Girls' Generation-Oh!GG) in August 2007, which went on to become one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea's most popular girl groups worldwide. Apart from her group's activities, she has acted in several television dramas such as Fashion King (2012), Local Hero (2016), Gogh, The Starry Night (2016) and Innocent Defendant (2017). In 2013, she made her film debut in No Breathing.\nIn 2018, she made her debut as a soloist with her first extended play The First Scene.\n\n", "Q380802": "Ulrich Alexander Fox (born July 24, 1969) is a Canadian-Bahamian retired basketball player, actor, businessman, and former esports franchise owner. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Boston Celtics and Los Angeles Lakers, and played college basketball for the North Carolina Tar Heels. He was the owner of the esports franchise Echo Fox until his departure from the franchise in October 2019.\n\n", "Q239897": "Joann Sfar (French: [\u0292oan sfa\u0281]; born 28 August 1971) is a French comics artist, comic book creator, novelist, and film director.", "Q174091": "Changsha is the capital and most populous city of Hunan Province in South Central China. It covers 11,819 km2 (4,563 sq mi) and is bordered by Yueyang and Yiyang to the north, Loudi to the west, Xiangtan and Zhuzhou to the south, Yichun and Pingxiang of Jiangxi province to the east. According to the 2010 census, Changsha has 7,044,118 residents, constituting 10.72% of the province's population. It is part of the Chang-Zhu-Tan city cluster or megalopolis.\nChangsha is in the Xiang River valley plain, bordering the Luoxiao Mountains on the east, Wuling Mountains on the west, edging in Dongting Lake on the north and bounded on the south by the Hengshan Mountains. It has a monsoonal humid subtropical climate, with an average annual air temperature of 16.8 to 17.3 \u00b0C (62.2 to 63.1 \u00b0F) and an annual rainfall of 1,358.6 to 1,552.5 mm (53.49 to 61.12 in).Changsha has a history of more than 3,000 years. Changsha was the capital of Changsha Kingdom in the Han Dynasty (206 BC \u2013 220 AD), and the capital of the Chu State (907\u2013951) in the Ten Kingdoms period. The lacquerware and Silk Texts recovered from Mawangdui (2nd century BC) there are an indication of the richness of local craft traditions. In 1904 Changsha was opened to foreign trade, and large numbers of Europeans and Americans settled there. Changsha was the site of Mao Zedong's conversion to communism. It was also the scene of major battles in the Sino-Japanese War (1931\u20131945) and was briefly occupied by the Japanese. Changsha is now an important commercial, manufacturing and transportation centre.", "Q990569": "Kankaanp\u00e4\u00e4 is a town and municipality of Finland. Kankaanp\u00e4\u00e4 was founded in 1865, became a township in 1967 and finally a town in 1972. It is located in the crossroads of H\u00e4meenkangas and Pohjankangas ridges. It belongs to the region of Satakunta. Kankaanp\u00e4\u00e4 has a population of about 11,500 inhabitants.", "Q271637": "Terrance Quinn (born July 15, 1952), known professionally as Terry O'Quinn, is an American actor. He played John Locke on the TV series Lost, the title role in The Stepfather and Stepfather II, and Peter Watts in Millennium, which ran for three seasons (1996\u20131999). He has also hosted Mysteries of the Missing on The Science Channel.", "Q570000": "Anson Weeks (February 14, 1896, Oakland, California \u2013 February 7, 1969, Sacramento, California) was a pianist and the leader of a popular west coast dance band from the late 1920s through the 1960s, primarily in San Francisco. He made his first recording in Oakland on February 7, 1925, but it was not issued.\nHe formed his first band in 1924 and had key hotel jobs in Oakland and Sacramento. By the late 1920s he led a popular regional orchestra and started recording for Columbia in 1928. He garnerered favorable attention in late 1931 on the \"Lucky Strike Magic Carpet\" radio program. His vocalists included Art Wilson, Harriet Lee, Donald Novis, Bob Crosby, Carl Ravazza, Kay St. Germaine, and Bob Gage. In 1932, he signed with Brunswick and recorded prolifically for them through 1935. During this time, his was one of Brunswick's premier bands and was nationally popular. He later did a session for Decca in 1937.\nWeeks was involved in an auto accident in 1941 and was out of the band business for several years, starting up again in the late 1940s. He signed with the local Fantasy label in the early 1950s and did a series of dance albums (\"Dancin' With Anson\") that were quite popular regionally (and were still in the catalog through the 1970s).His songs include \"I'm Writing You This Little Melody\" (theme song), \"I'm Sorry Dear\", \"Senorita\", \"That Same Old Dream\", and \"We'll Get A Bang Out Of Life\".", "Q95295": "Louis Leitz (2 May 1846 \u2013 18 May 1918) was a German inventor and founder of Esselte Leitz GmbH & Co KG, trained as a woodturner and also worked as a mechanic.", "Q1182270": "Deleatrice \"Dee\" Alexander is an American jazz singer. She is a member of the AACM and appeared at the Newport Jazz Festival in 2013.Alexander is the host of Sunday Jazz with Dee Alexander, a radio show on WDCB and the WFMT Radio Network.", "Q1703253": "Jonathan Peter Marland, Baron Marland (born 14 August 1956) is a British businessman and politician, having served as Prime Minister's Trade Envoy, Minister for Energy and Climate Change and Business, Innovation and Skills, and Treasurer of the Conservative Party. Marland is currently the Chairman of the Commonwealth Enterprise and Investment Council.He was awarded a life peerage on 8 June 2006 as Baron Marland, of Odstock in the County of Wiltshire. In December 2015, he was awarded the Order of Merit of Malta.", "Q270529": "Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov (Russian: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432, tr. Yevgeniy Maksimovich Primakov; 29 October 1929 \u2013 26 June 2015) was a Russian politician and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of Russia from 1998 to 1999. During his long career, he also served as Foreign Minister, Speaker of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, and chief of the intelligence service. Primakov was an academician (Arabist) and a member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.", "Q1524898": "Gina Vaporjieff D'Orio, (born 23 September 1976 in Germany) is a producer, songwriter, and singer. She is the main former vocalist from German Digital Hardcore band EC8OR and member of Cobra Killer.", "Q77210": "Otto Grotewohl (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0294\u0254to \u02c8\u0261\u0281o\u02d0t\u0259vo\u02d0l]; 11 March 1894 \u2013 21 September 1964) was a German politician who served as the first prime minister of the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) from 1949 to 1964. \nGrotewohl was a Social Democratic Party (SPD) politician in the Free State of Brunswick during the Weimar Republic and leader of the party branch in the Soviet Occupation Zone after World War II. Grotewohl led the SPD's merger with the Communist Party (KPD) to form the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in 1946 and served as co-chairman of the party with KPD leader Wilhelm Pieck until 1950. Grotewohl became the Chairman of the Council of Ministers after the establishment of the GDR in 1949, and served as the de facto head of government under First Secretary Walter Ulbricht until his death in 1964.", "Q3723922": "Emanuele Fenzi (1784\u20131875) was a leading Italian banker, iron producer, concessionaire of the Livorno\u2013Florence railway and other railway enterprises, merchant for exportation of Tuscan products, and landowner. Made Senator of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and later of the Kingdom of Italy, Knight of the Sacred Military Order of Saint Stephen, Pope and Martyr, and Knight of the Order of Saint Joseph. He lived in these places: Palazzo di Via San Gallo, Villa Rusciano Villa Fenzi at Sant\u2019Andrea in Percussina, and at a house in the city of Livorno. He was the grandfather of horticulturist Emanuele Orazio Fenzi and the great-grandfather of Ida Fenzi.\nHe was the son of judge and jurist Cav. Jacopo Orazio Fenzi, after the death of his father (1803) was only nineteen and having already to provide for the family. Having already proved himself a worthy entrepreneur under his fathers guidance, Count Fenzi acquired in 1805 the management of Bosi, Mazzarelli & Co., his entrepreneurial sense was rewarded by the economic success of the company.\nIn 1810 he bought a building on Corso dei Tintori and married the daughter of a Milanese aristocrat and merchant Countess Ernesta Paffetta dei Lamberti; they had four children. The same year with some fellow members of Bosi, Mazzarelli & Co he founded Bosi, Mazzarelli & Co., specializing in the manufacture and sale of tobacco and gained the monopole of the tobacco industry within the Grand Duchy of Tuscany between 1814 and 1820.\n\nBy 1821, Fenzi established the Banca Fenzi, which was soon to branch out all over Italy and Europe. He opened a branch in Piazza della Signoria and from 1829 it acquired a Palazzo on Via San Gallo that was to become the Palazzo Fenzi, that had been put up for sale after the extinction of the Marucelli family.\nThe Livorno banking house of Senn joined with the Florentine firm of Fenzi to secure the concession for the Strada Ferrata Leopolda, designed to link Leghorn with Florence by way of Empoli, and the line was begun in 1841, to be finished ultimately in June 1848. By 1845 the desire for a network of railways had led, according to one estimate, to sixteen projects which lay on the grand duke's desk for consideration.\nIn 1835 Fenzi seized the opportunity to finance the planned construction of the railway line between Florence and the port of Livorno, the Leopold railway, with the contractor Swiss French Pierre Senn of Livorno, hence entering into a contract with the Grand Ducal government in 1838. The railway was one of the first in Italy and was named Leopolda in honour of the Grand Duke Leopold II of Lorraine.\nHe had a career as a politician as member of the Tuscan Senate between 1848 and 1849 and was amongst the biggest supporters of the return of the Grand Duke in Tuscany. After the fall of the Grand Duke he became senator of the new Kingdom of Italy in 1860, having sworn loyalty to the new government.", "Q335707": "\u00deorsteinn P\u00e1lsson (pronounced [\u02c8\u03b8\u0254r\u0325steitn \u02c8p\u02b0auls\u0254n]; born 29 October 1947) is a former Prime Minister of Iceland for the Independence Party. He served from 8 July 1987 to 28 September 1988. \u00deorsteinn led the Independence Party from 1983 to 1991, when he lost an inner partial election to then vice-chairman of the party and mayor of Reykjav\u00edk, Dav\u00ed\u00f0 Oddsson.\nPrior to his period as Prime Minister, \u00deorsteinn was Minister of Finance from 1985 to 1987. He represented South Iceland in the Althing (Iceland's Parliament) from 1983 to 1999. When Dav\u00ed\u00f0 Oddsson formed his first government in 1991 he appointed \u00deorsteinn as Minister of Fisheries and Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs. He remained in this position until 1999. Later he became ambassador, first in London and later in Copenhagen. He was editor of the newspaper Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0i\u00f0 between 2006 and 2009.", "Q388286": "Robert Dwayne Womack (; March 4, 1944 \u2013 June 27, 2014) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. Starting in the early 1950s as the lead singer of his family musical group the Valentinos and as Sam Cooke's backing guitarist, Womack's career spanned more than 60 years and multiple styles, including R&B, soul, rock and roll, doo-wop, and gospel. \nWomack was a prolific songwriter who wrote and originally recorded, (with his brothers, the Valentinos), the Rolling Stones' first UK number one hit, \"It's All Over Now\" and New Birth's \"I Can Understand It\". As a singer, he is most notable for the hits \"Lookin' for a Love\", \"That's the Way I Feel About Cha\", \"Woman's Gotta Have It\", \"Harry Hippie\", \"Across 110th Street\", and his 1980s hits \"If You Think You're Lonely Now\" and \"I Wish He Didn't Trust Me So Much\".\nIn 2009, Bobby Womack was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Q84398": "Ulrich Graf (6 July 1878 \u2013 3 March 1950) was an early member of the Nazi Party and one of Adolf Hitler's inner circle. In 1923, he served in a bodyguard unit for Hitler and in 1936 was elected to the Reichstag. After the war ended, Graf was sentenced to five years of hard labor and died in 1950.\n\n", "Q100710": "Sakin Bozkurt (born 2 August 1967), known by his stage name DJ Sakin, is a Turkish-German trance music producer.", "Q273020": "Nicole Francine Aiello (born June 9, 1983), known by her stage name Frankee, is an American R&B singer-songwriter. She grew up with her parents, Matthew and Francine, and her two siblings, elder brother Matthew Jr. and younger sister Monique. Nicole was given the nickname \"Frankee\", which is derived from her middle name (and is also her grandfather's nickname).", "Q235075": "Poppy Montgomery (born Poppy Petal Emma Elizabeth Deveraux Donaghue; 1972) is an Australian-American actress. She played FBI agent Samantha Spade on the CBS mystery drama Without a Trace from 2002 to 2009, and played Detective Carrie Wells on the CBS/A&E police drama Unforgettable from 2011 to 2016.", "Q63265": "Mathilde Wesendonck (23 December 1828 \u2013 31 August 1902) was a German poet and author. The words of five of her verses were the basis of her friend Richard Wagner's Wesendonck Lieder. He may have been her paramour.", "Q222509": "Ian Irvine (born 1950) is an Australian fantasy and eco-thriller author and marine scientist. To date Irvine has written 27 novels, including fantasy, eco-thrillers and books for children. He has had books published in at least 12 countries and continues to write full-time.", "Q87849": "Bernhard Auinger (21 February 1982 in Salzburg, Austria) is a race car driver. In 2003 he drove two races of the Formula 3000 season for Red Bull, having previously competed in Italian Formula Three (2002) and German Formula Three (2000\u20132002). He was the 2000 German Formula K\u00f6nig champion. He currently races in Euroseries 3000.", "Q1343480": "Orenda Fink is an American musician, multi-instrumentalist, writer, and half of the Dream pop duo Azure Ray. Born in Birmingham, Alabama, Fink is also a member of O+S, Closeness, and has previously recorded or performed with Bright Eyes, Conor Oberst, Moby, Rilo Kiley, Now It's Overhead and more. She is married to Todd Fink (formerly Todd Baechle) of The Faint, another Saddle Creek Records band.", "Q327303": "Ji\u0159\u00ed Marek (Josef Ji\u0159\u00ed Puchwein) (30 May 1914, in Prague \u2013 10 December 1994, in Prague) was a Czech writer, educator, journalist and screenwriter. In 1965 he was a member of the jury at the 4th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Q2905025": "Samuel Michael \"Sam\" Katz, (born August 20, 1951) is a former politician and was the 42nd mayor of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. He is also a businessperson and a member of the Order of Manitoba.", "Q202801": "Vanessa Lynn Williams (born March 18, 1963) is an American singer, actress, and fashion designer. She initially gained recognition as the first woman of African-American descent to receive the Miss America title when she was crowned Miss America 1984 in 1983. However, a scandal arose the following year when, a few weeks prior to the end of her reign, Williams learned that Penthouse magazine would be publishing now \"iconic\" unauthorized nude photographs of her in an upcoming issue. Amid growing media controversy and scrutiny, Williams resigned as Miss America in July 1984 (under pressure from the Miss America Organization) and was replaced by first runner-up Miss New Jersey Suzette Charles. Thirty-two years later, Miss America CEO Sam Haskell offered her a public apology (during the Miss America 2016 pageant) for the events of 1984.\nWilliams rebounded from the scandal with a successful career as a singer and actress. In 1988, she released her debut studio album The Right Stuff, whose title single saw moderate success before \"Dreamin'\" peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in the United States in 1989. With her second and third studio albums, The Comfort Zone (1991) and The Sweetest Days (1994), she saw continued commercial success and received multiple Grammy Award nominations; this included her number-one hit (in early 1992) and signature song, \"Save the Best for Last\", which she performed live at the 1993 Grammy Awards ceremonies. Her later studio albums include Everlasting Love (2005) and The Real Thing (2009).\nAs an actress, Williams enjoyed success on both stage and screen, receiving an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture for her portrayal of Teri Joseph in the film Soul Food (1997). Her best-known television roles are that of Wilhelmina Slater on Ugly Betty (2006\u201310), for which she was nominated three times for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, and Renee Perry on Desperate Housewives (2010\u201312).\n\n", "Q484195": "The Timurid Empire (Persian: \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200e, romanized: Timuriy\u0101n), self-designated as Gurkani (Persian: \u06af\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200e, romanized: Gurk\u0101niy\u0101n, lit. '\"son-in-law\" of Genghisids' ), was a Persianate Turco-Mongol empire comprising modern-day Uzbekistan, Iran, the southern Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, as well as parts of contemporary India, Pakistan, Syria and Turkey.\nThe empire was founded by Timur (also known as Tamerlane), a warlord of Turco-Mongol lineage, who established the empire between 1370 and his death in 1405. He envisioned himself as the great restorer of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan, regarded himself as Genghis's heir, and associated much with the Borjigin. Timur continued vigorous trade relations with Ming China and the Golden Horde, with Chinese diplomats like Ma Huan and Chen Cheng regularly traveling west to Samarkand to collect tribute and sell goods, continuing Mongol empire tradition. The empire waved the Timurid Renaissance, particularly during the reign of astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Begh.\nIn 1467, the ruling Timurid dynasty, or Timurids, lost most of Persia to Azerbaijanis and the Aq Qoyunlu confederation. But members of the Timurid dynasty continued to rule smaller states, sometimes known as Timurid emirates, in Central Asia and parts of India. In the 16th century, Babur, a Timurid prince from Ferghana (modern Uzbekistan), invaded Kabulistan (modern Afghanistan) and established a small kingdom there, and from there 20 years later he invaded India to establish the Mughal Empire. Babur also claimed descent from Genghis Khan.", "Q23641": "Lee Cheuk-yan (Chinese: \u674e\u5353\u4eba; born 12 February 1957 in Shanghai) is a Hong Kong politician and social activist. He was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1995 to 2016, when he lost his seat. He represented the Kowloon West and the Manufacturing constituencies briefly in 1995 and had been representing the New Territories West constituency from 1998 to 2016. He is a trade union leader and General Secretary of the Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions, as well as former chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China.\n\n", "Q1250403": "Scepter Records is an American record company founded in 1959 by Florence Greenberg.", "Q178640": "John Duncan Young (September 22, 1823 \u2013 December 26, 1910) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.\nBorn in Owingsville, Kentucky, Young attended the common schools.\nHe studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1854 and practiced in Owingsville, Kentucky, and later engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was acting marshal of Kentucky during the administration of President Franklin Pierce.\nYoung was elected judge of the quarterly court of Bath County in 1858 and served four years. Young was again elected in 1866 and served until 1867 when he resigned having been elected to Congress.\nHe presented credentials as a Member-elect to the Fortieth Congress in 1867, but was not permitted to qualify as his campaign used fraud and voter intimidation to get him elected. A Congressional inquiry found that hundreds of ex-rebel soldiers, disqualified for treason against the State of Kentucky, fraudulently voted. This was enough to overturn his victory and hand the seat to Samuel McKee. Evidence of voter intimidation by ex-rebel guerrillas and other pro-slavery elements was collected as well. Partisan Young gunmen watched polling precincts across Eastern Kentucky to make sure not a single black man voted in the Ninth District and intimidate Republican voters in general.\nYoung was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873 \u2013 March 3, 1875).\nHe was not a candidate for renomination in 1874.\nHe resumed agricultural pursuits.\nState railroad commissioner of Kentucky 1884-1889.\nHe again served as judge of the quarterly court of Bath County 1890-1895.\nHe died in Mount Sterling, Kentucky, December 26, 1910.\nHe was interred in Machpelah Cemetery.", "Q6257": "Mettmann is a Kreis (district) in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring are the Ennepe-Ruhr, Rhein-Kreis Neuss, Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis and the\ndistrict-free cities Cologne, Leverkusen, Wuppertal, Solingen, D\u00fcsseldorf,\nDuisburg, M\u00fclheim, Essen. It is the most densely populated rural district in Germany; it borders D\u00fcsseldorf Airport in the northwestern district borders, on the city limits of Ratingen, and is also near Cologne Bonn Airport. It was named after Mettmann, its district seat.", "Q1538": "Pune (Marathi pronunciation: [pu\u0273e]; English: ; also called Poona, the official name until 1978) is the second largest city in the Indian state of Maharashtra, after Mumbai. It is the ninth most populous city in the country with an estimated population of 6.4 million. Along with its extended city limits Pimpri Chinchwad and the three cantonment towns of Pune, Khadki and Dehu Road, Pune forms the urban core of the eponymous Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR). According to the 2011 census, the urban area has a combined population of 5.05 million while the population of the metropolitan region is estimated at 7.27 million. Situated 560 metres (1,837 feet) above sea level on the Deccan plateau on the right bank of the Mutha river, Pune is also the administrative headquarters of its namesake district. In the 18th century, the city was the seat of the Peshwas, the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire and so was one of the most important political centres on the Indian subcontinent. Pune is ranked the number one city in India in the ease of living ranking index.The city is considered to be the cultural capital of Maharashtra. It is also known as the \"Oxford of the East\" due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions. The city has emerged as a major educational hub in recent decades, with nearly half of the total international students in the country studying in Pune. Research institutes of information technology, education, management and training attract students and professionals from India and overseas. Several colleges in Pune have student exchange programmes with colleges in Europe.", "Q159856": "The Duchy of Brabant was a State of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries, part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, until it was partitioned after the Dutch revolt.\nPresent-day North Brabant (Staats-Brabant) was ceded to the Generality Lands of the Dutch Republic according to the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, while the reduced duchy remained part of the Southern Netherlands until it was conquered by French Revolutionary forces in 1794. Today all the duchy's former territories, apart from exclaves, are in Belgium except for the Dutch province of North Brabant.", "Q449118": "Brian Blessed, (; born 9 October 1936) is an English actor, writer, television presenter and singer.\nBlessed is known for portraying PC \"Fancy\" Smith in Z-Cars, Augustus in the 1976 BBC television production of I, Claudius, Prince Vultan in Flash Gordon, Bustopher Jones and Old Deuteronomy in the 1981 original London production of Cats at the New London Theatre, Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter in Kenneth Branagh's film adaptation of Henry V, Boss Nass in Star Wars: Episode I \u2013 The Phantom Menace and the voice of Clayton in Disney's Tarzan.\nIn 2016, Blessed was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to the arts and charity.\n\n", "Q350160": "Rasmus L\u00f8land (24 May 1861 \u2013 12 October 1907) was a Norwegian journalist, novelist and children's writer.", "Q97469": "Paul Wessel (b. 9 April 1904 in Plauen; d. 20 January 1967 in Berlin) was a member of the small secretariat of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the communist party of the former German Democratic Republic.", "Q4440": "Eric Banadinovi\u0107, (born 9 August 1968), known professionally as Eric Bana (), is an Australian actor. He began his career in the sketch comedy series Full Frontal before gaining notice in the comedy-drama The Castle (1997). Soon after he gained critical recognition in the biographical crime film Chopper (2000). After a decade of roles in Australian TV shows and films, Bana gained Hollywood's attention for his performance in the war film Black Hawk Down (2001) and the title character in Hulk (2003). He has since played Hector in the movie Troy (2004), the lead in Steven Spielberg's historical drama and political thriller Munich (2005), Henry VIII in The Other Boleyn Girl (2008), and the villain Nero in the science-fiction film Star Trek (2009). Bana also played Henry De Tamble in The Time Traveler's Wife (2009). In 2013, he played Lt. Cmdr. Erik S. Kristensen in the war film Lone Survivor and in the following year he played police sergeant Ralph Sarchie in the horror film Deliver Us from Evil.\nAn accomplished dramatic actor and comedian, he received Australia's highest film and television awards for his performances in Chopper, Full Frontal and Romulus, My Father. Bana has performed across a wide spectrum of leading roles in a variety of low-budget and major studio films, ranging from romantic comedies and drama to science fiction and action films.", "Q1630100": "An art model poses for any visual artist as part of the creative process, providing a visual reference for the human figure in a work of art. However, more than being simply the subject of art, models are often thought of as muses, a source of inspiration without whom the art would not exist. The most common types of art works that use models are figure drawing, figure painting, sculpture and photography, but almost any medium may be used. \nArt models are often paid professionals with skill and experience but are rarely employed full-time, and artists may also rely on friends and family to pose. Paid art models are usually anonymous and unacknowledged subjects of the work. Models are most frequently employed for art classes or by informal groups of artists that gather to share the expense of a model. Models are also employed privately by professional artists. Although commercial motives dominate over aesthetics in illustration, its artwork commonly employs models. For example, Norman Rockwell used his friends and neighbors as models for both his commercial and fine art work. An individual who is having their own portrait painted or sculpted is usually called a \"sitter\" rather than a model, since they are paying to have the work done rather than being paid to pose.Beginning with the Renaissance, drawing the human figure from living models was considered the most effective way to develop the skill of draftsmanship. In the twentieth century, it became established that it is best to draw from life, rather than copying two dimensional images such as photographs. In addition, an artist has a connection to drawing another human being that cannot exist with any other subject. Models for life drawing classes are usually nude. In the classroom setting, where the purpose is to learn how to draw the human form in all the different shapes, ages and ethnicity, there are no real limitations on who the model can be. In some cases, the model may pose with various props, one or more other models, against real or artificial background, in natural or artificial light.\nThe role of art models has changed through different eras as the meaning and importance of the human figure in art and society has changed. Nude modeling, nude art and nudity in general are at times subject to social disapproval, at least by some elements in society.", "Q1411162": "Fiddlin' Joe Martin (January 8, 1900, Edwards, Mississippi \u2013 November 2, 1975, Walls, Mississippi) was an American blues musician, who played mandolin on Son House's recording sessions inspired by Alan Lomax in 1941.\nMartin was a versatile musician who could play guitar, fiddle, mandolin, washboard and drums. Paul Oliver wrote that he \"worked the Delta joints for over fifty years\" after leaving Edwards in 1918 when he was fourteen. Martin worked with numerous blues artists including House, Willie Brown, Charley Patton and Howlin' Wolf. He is mostly associated with Woodrow Adams, on all of whose recordings he appeared. Martin and Adams played live together in the Mississippi area until Martin\u2019s death.", "Q216647": "Timur Kacharava (Russian: \u0422\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0301\u0440 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0430, Timur Vladimirovich Kacharava; Georgian: \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0, T\u2019emur Kach\u2019arava) (21 August 1985 \u2013 13 November 2005) was a Russian rock musician and anti-fascist activist of Georgian origin. He was murdered at the age of 20 by members of a far right nationalist group in St. Petersburg.", "Q123122": "Ernst Leuenberger (18 January 1945 \u2013 30 June 2009) was a Swiss trade unionist and politician. He was a member of the National Council from 1983 to 1999, serving as president of the council in 1998, and a member of the Council of States from 1999 to 2009. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland.", "Q173715": "Jimmy Reece (November 17, 1929 \u2013 September 28, 1958) was an American racecar driver. He died in an accident during a 1958 Champ Car race at Trenton Speedway.", "Q932123": "F. Anthony Comper, CM (born April 24, 1945), known as Tony Comper, is a Canadian banker. He served as president and chief executive officer of Bank of Montreal, which currently operates under the brand BMO Financial Group, and retired from that position on March 1, 2007.", "Q386240": "Andrew Keir (born Andrew Buggy, 3 April 1926 \u2013 5 October 1997) was a Scottish actor, who appeared in a number of films made by Hammer Film Productions in the 1960s. He was also active in television, and especially in the theatre, in a professional career that lasted from the 1940s to the 1990s. \nHe starred as Professor Bernard Quatermass in Hammer's film version of Quatermass and the Pit (1967). He also appeared in the big screen version of the Doctor Who story The Dalek Invasion of Earth, Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D. (1966). He originated the role of Thomas Cromwell in Robert Bolt's play A Man for All Seasons (1960).\nHis obituary in The Times described him as possessing \"considerable range and undeniable distinction.\"", "Q115490": "Tadeusz Reichstein (20 July 1897 \u2013 1 August 1996) was a Polish-Swiss chemist and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (1950).", "Q260909": "Valentina Vargas (born December 31, 1964) is a Chilean-born actress. She developed most of her career in France, where she was raised.\n\n", "Q41749": "Paul Joseph Goebbels (German: [\u02c8pa\u028a\u032fl \u02c8jo\u02d0z\u025bf \u02c8\u0261\u0153bl\u0329s] (listen); 29 October 1897 \u2013 1 May 1945) was a German Nazi politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. He was one of Adolf Hitler's closest and most devoted associates, and was known for his skills in public speaking and his deeply virulent antisemitism, which was evident in his publicly voiced views. He advocated progressively harsher discrimination, including the extermination of the Jews in the Holocaust.\nGoebbels, who aspired to be an author, obtained a Doctor of Philology degree from the University of Heidelberg in 1921. He joined the Nazi Party in 1924, and worked with Gregor Strasser in their northern branch. He was appointed Gauleiter (district leader) for Berlin in 1926, where he began to take an interest in the use of propaganda to promote the party and its programme. After the Nazis' seizure of power in 1933, Goebbels's Propaganda Ministry quickly gained and exerted control over the news media, arts, and information in Germany. He was particularly adept at using the relatively new media of radio and film for propaganda purposes. Topics for party propaganda included antisemitism, attacks on the Christian churches, and (after the start of the Second World War) attempting to shape morale.\nIn 1943, Goebbels began to pressure Hitler to introduce measures that would produce total war, including closing businesses not essential to the war effort, conscripting women into the labour force, and enlisting men in previously exempt occupations into the Wehrmacht. Hitler finally appointed him as Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War on 23 July 1944, whereby Goebbels undertook largely unsuccessful measures to increase the number of people available for armaments manufacture and the Wehrmacht.\nAs the war drew to a close and Nazi Germany faced defeat, Magda Goebbels and the Goebbels children joined him in Berlin. They moved into the underground Vorbunker, part of Hitler's underground bunker complex, on 22 April 1945. Hitler committed suicide on 30 April. In accordance with Hitler's will, Goebbels succeeded him as Chancellor of Germany; he served one day in this post. The following day, Goebbels and his wife committed suicide, after poisoning their six children with cyanide.", "Q1065414": "The Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (abbreviated as VU or VU Amsterdam) is a university in Amsterdam, Netherlands, founded in 1880, and ranked among the world's top 150 universities by four major ranking tables. The VU is one of two large, publicly funded research universities in the city, the other being the University of Amsterdam (UvA). The literal translation of the Dutch name Vrije Universiteit is \"Free University\". \"Free\" refers to independence of the university from both the State and the Dutch Reformed Church. Both within and outside the university, the institution is commonly referred to as \"the VU\".\nAlthough founded as a private institution, the VU has received government funding on a parity basis with public universities since 1970. The university is located on a compact urban campus in the southern Buitenveldert neighbourhood of Amsterdam and adjacent to the modern Zuidas business district.\nIn 2014, the VU had 23,656 registered students, most of whom were full-time students. That year, the university had 2,263 faculty members and researchers, and 1,410 administrative, clerical and technical employees, based on FTE units. The university's annual endowment for 2014 was circa \u20ac480 million. About three quarters of this endowment is government funding; the remainder is made up of tuition fees, research grants, and private funding.The official university seal is entitled The Virgin in the Garden. Personally chosen by Abraham Kuyper, the Reformed-Protestant leader and founder of the university, it depicts a virgin living in freedom in a garden while pointing towards God, referring to the Protestant Reformation in the Netherlands in the 16th and 17th century. In 1990, the university adopted the mythical griffin as its common emblem.", "Q67956": "Peter Schmidhuber (15 December 1931) is a former German and European politician from the Bavarian CSU party.", "Q76683": "Ludwig Prandtl (4 February 1875 \u2013 15 August 1953) was a German engineer. He was a pioneer in the development of rigorous systematic mathematical analyses which he used for underlying the science of aerodynamics, which have come to form the basis of the applied science of aeronautical engineering. In the 1920s he developed the mathematical basis for the fundamental principles of subsonic aerodynamics in particular; and in general up to and including transonic velocities. His studies identified the boundary layer, thin-airfoils, and lifting-line theories. The Prandtl number was named after him.", "Q434865": "Karolis Po\u017eela (29 February 1896 \u2013 27 December 1926) was one of the early Lithuanian communist leaders. As a medical student at the University of Tartu, he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (bolsheviks) in 1916. In the short-lived Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic he organized communists in \u0160iauliai. After the collapse of the Soviet regime, Po\u017eela joined the underground Communist Party of Lithuania (CPL) becoming a member of its Central Committee in 1921. When party leadership was arrested in K\u00f6nigsberg in 1921, he remained essentially the only party leader in Lithuania. He continued political work and became a member of CPL Orgburo in 1923 and Politburo in 1926. At various times, he edited and published various communist newspapers and publications, including Tiesa (Truth), Kareivi\u0173 tiesa (Soldiers' Truth), and Darbinink\u0173 gyvenimas (Life of Workers). For his communist activities, he was imprisoned a total of six times. When Lithuanian military organized the coup d'\u00e9tat of 17 December 1926, the official rationale was to protect Lithuania from an imminent Bolshevik revolt (historians found no credible evidence of such revolt). In the aftermath, many communists were arrested. Po\u017eela and three others, who became known as the four communards, were executed on 27 December in the Sixth Fort of the Kaunas Fortress.\n\n", "Q509528": "Antonia White (31 March 1899, London \u2013 10 April 1980) was a British writer.", "Q173073": "Bill Holland (December 18, 1907 \u2013 May 19, 1984) was an American race car driver from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who won the Indianapolis 500 in 1949 and finished second in 1947, 1948 and 1950. He also was runner up in the 1947 AAA National Championship.\nHe nearly won the 1947 Indianapolis 500 as a rookie, but slowed and allowed teammate Mauri Rose to pass him seven laps from the end, mistakenly believing that Rose was a lap down. In 1949 Holland led late in the race when Rose (still teammate to Holland on Lou Moore's Blue Crown Spark Plug team) began to slowly close on Holland. Moore saw what was happening out on the track and hung out a pit board ordering both drivers to hold their respective positions to the finish. Rose picked up the pace, closing on Holland. But with 8 laps to go, Rose suffered a magneto failure and Holland cruised to the victory. When Rose returned to the pits, Moore fired Rose on the spot.\nOn November 14, 1951, Holland was suspended from AAA Indy Car racing for one year after competing in a three-lap Lion's Charity race at Opa-locka, Florida which was a NASCAR event. The American Automobile Association, at the time the sanctioning body for Indycar races, had a strict rule forbidding its drivers from participating in any races other than their own, and would blacklist violators.\nHolland is believed to have got over 40 sprint car feature wins and 150 podiums. He won the first ever automobile race at Selinsgrove Speedway (Selinsgrove, PA) on July 20, 1946.\nHolland died from complications of Alzheimer's disease, and was survived by his wife Myra.He was inducted in the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame in 2005.", "Q66490": "Hermann Henselmann (3 February 1905, in Ro\u00dfla \u2013 19 January 1995, in Berlin) was a German architect most famous for his buildings constructed in East Germany during the 1950s and 1960s.", "Q57895": "Abdoul Mbaye is a Senegalese banker and politician who was Prime Minister of Senegal from April 2012 until September 2013. He is a technocrat who was appointed prime minister by President Macky Sall following the latter's win in the 2012 presidential election.", "Q92277": "Jilin City (postal: Kirin; Chinese: \u5409\u6797\u5e02; pinyin: J\u00edl\u00edn Sh\u00ec; Wade\u2013Giles: Chi2-lin2 Shih4) Is the second-largest city and former capital of Jilin province in northeast China. As of the 2010 census, 4,413,517 people resided within its administrative area of 27,166.37 square kilometres (10,488.99 sq mi) and 1,975,121 in its built-up (or metro) area consisting of four urban districts. A prefecture-level city, it is the only major city nationally that shares its name with its province.\nJilin City is also known as the River City because of the Songhua River surrounding much of the city. In 2007, it co-hosted the Asian Winter Games.", "Q303538": "Aasif Hakim Mandviwala (born March 5, 1966), known professionally as Aasif Mandvi (, AH-sif MAHND-vee), is a British-American actor and comedian. He began appearing as an occasional contributing correspondent on The Daily Show on August 9, 2006. On March 12, 2007, he was promoted to a regular correspondent. He is the lead actor, co-writer and producer of the web series Halal in the Family, which premiered on Funny or Die in 2015, and an actor, writer and co-producer of the HBO comedy series The Brink. Mandvi is also the author of the book No Land's Man. In June 2019, he was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters Degree by the Macaulay Honors College after delivering the commencement speech that year. He currently appears in the role of Ben Shakir in the CBS psychological drama Evil written and created by Robert and Michelle King.", "Q2757": "Lech Aleksander Kaczy\u0144ski (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8l\u025bx al\u025bk\u02c8sand\u025br ka\u02c8t\u0361\u0282\u0268j\u0303sk\u02b2i] (listen); 18 June 1949 \u2013 10 April 2010) was a Polish lawyer and politician who served as the Mayor of Warsaw from 2002 until 2005 and as the President of Poland from 2005 until his death in 2010. Before he tenure as president, he previously served as President of the Supreme Audit Office from 1992 to 1995 and later Minister of Justice and Public Prosecutor General in Jerzy Buzek's cabinet from 2000 until his dismissal in July 2001. \nBorn in Warsaw, he starred in a 1962 Polish film, The Two Who Stole the Moon, with his identical twin brother Jaros\u0142aw. Kaczy\u0144ski was a graduate of law and administration of Warsaw University. In 1980, he was awarded his PhD by Gda\u0144sk University. In 1990, he completed his habilitation in labour and employment law. He later assumed professorial positions at Gda\u0144sk University and Cardinal Stefan Wyszy\u0144ski University in Warsaw. \nDuring the communist period, Kaczy\u0144ski was an activist in the pro-democratic anti-communist movement in Poland, the Workers' Defence Committee, as well as the Independent Trade Union movement. In August 1980, he became an adviser to the Inter-Enterprise Strike Committee in the Gda\u0144sk Shipyard and the Solidarity movement. After the communists imposed martial law in December 1981, he was interned as an anti-socialist element. After his release, he returned to trade union activities, becoming a member of the underground Solidarity. When Solidarity was legalized again in the late 1980s, Kaczy\u0144ski was an active adviser to Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa and his Solidarity Citizens' Committee in 1988. \nFrom February to April 1989, he participated in the Polish Round Table Talks along with his brother. After Solidarity's victory in the 1989 Polish legislative election, Kaczy\u0144ski became a senator and vice-chairman of the movement. Then in the 1991 Polish parliamentary election, he was elected into the Sejm as a non-party member. He was also the main adviser and supporter of Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa when the latter was elected President of Poland in December 1990. Wa\u0142\u0119sa nominated Kaczy\u0144ski to be the Security Minister in the Presidential Chancellery but fired him in 1992 due to a conflict concerning Jan Olszewski's government. In 2003, Kaczy\u0144ski co-founded the Law and Justice party, after splitting from the Solidarity Electoral Action and the Christian National Union, along with his brother. Kaczy\u0144ski was the party's presidential candidate, during the 2005 Polish presidential election. In the first round of voting, Kaczy\u0144ski received 33.1% of the valid votes. In the second round of voting, Kaczy\u0144ski received 54.04% of the vote, defeating Donald Tusk, who received 45.96% of the vote. He was sworn in as President on 23 December 2005. \nIn 10 July 2006, Kaczy\u0144ski appointed his brother as Prime Minister of Poland upon the resignation of Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, the brothers then became the first pair of brothers in the world to serve as President and Prime Minister of a country and the only twin brothers to achieve the feat, until 2007, when his brother lost the parliamentary election on 21 October 2007, finishing a distant second behind the conservative-liberal party Civic Platform. His brother was succeeded as prime minister by his former presidential rival Donald Tusk. On 10 April 2010, he was killed, along with his wife, in the crash of a Polish Air Force jet that occurred on a landing attempt at Smolensk North Airport in Russia. He is the first conservative president since 1922 and the second president to die in office since the assassination of Gabriel Narutowicz.", "Q387638": "Rocky IV is a 1985 American sports drama film written, directed by, and starring Sylvester Stallone. The film co-stars Dolph Lundgren, Burt Young, Talia Shire, Carl Weathers, Tony Burton, Brigitte Nielsen and Michael Pataki. Rocky IV was the highest grossing sports movie for 24 years, before it was overtaken by The Blind Side. It is the fourth and most financially successful entry in the Rocky film series.In the film, the Soviet Union and its top boxer make an entrance into professional boxing with their best athlete Ivan Drago, who initially wants to take on World champion Rocky Balboa. Rocky's best friend Apollo Creed decides to fight him instead but is fatally beaten in the ring. Enraged, Rocky decides to fight Drago in the Soviet Union to avenge the death of his friend and defend the honor of his country.\nCritical reception was mixed, but the film was a huge success at the box office, earning $300 million. This film marked Carl Weathers' final appearance in the series. Its success led to a fifth entry released on November 16, 1990. The events of this film serve as the backstory to the plot of Creed II, where Apollo Creed's son, Donnie, is challenged to fight Drago's son, Viktor.", "Q4104634": "Leonid Leonidovich Vasiliev (1891-1966) was a Russian Soviet parapsychologist and physiologist.", "Q445044": "Fabiana Udenio (born 21 December 1964) is an Italian actress. Born in Argentina, she is best known for her role as \"Alotta Fagina\", a Bond girl parody in Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery.", "Q390344": "Edward George \"Ed\" Gibson (born November 8, 1936) is a former NASA astronaut, pilot, engineer, and physicist.\nBefore becoming an astronaut, Gibson graduated from the University of Rochester and the California Institute of Technology. He became a research assistant in jet propulsion while completing his studies, and eventually became a research scientist for Philco Corporation until joining NASA in 1965.\nGibson was selected as part of NASA Astronaut Group 4, the first group of scientist-astronauts. He served on the support crew of Apollo 12, the second Moon landing mission, before working on the development of the Skylab space station. In 1973\u201374, Gibson made his only flight into space as science pilot aboard Skylab 4, the third and final crewed flight to Skylab. He, along with Commander Gerald Carr and Pilot William Pogue, spent just over 84 days in space.\nGibson resigned from NASA in December 1974, but returned in 1977 to preside over the selection of scientist-astronaut candidates. Gibson retired from NASA for the last time in October, 1982.", "Q11618": "Eraserhead is a 1977 American experimental body horror film written, directed, produced, and edited by David Lynch. The film's score and sound design were also helmed by Lynch, with pieces by a variety of other musicians also featured. Shot in black and white, Eraserhead is Lynch's first feature-length effort following several short films. Starring Jack Nance, Charlotte Stewart, Jeanne Bates, Judith Anna Roberts, Laurel Near, and Jack Fisk, it tells the story of a man who is left to care for his grossly deformed child in a desolate industrial landscape.\nEraserhead was produced with the assistance of the American Film Institute (AFI) during Lynch's time studying there. The film nonetheless spent several years in principal photography because of funding difficulties; donations from Fisk and his wife Sissy Spacek kept production afloat. It was shot on several locations owned by the AFI in California, including Greystone Mansion and a set of disused stables in which Lynch lived. Lynch and sound designer Alan Splet spent a year working on the film's audio after their studio was soundproofed. The soundtrack features organ music by Fats Waller and includes the song \"In Heaven\", written for the film by Peter Ivers.\nInitially opening to small audiences and little interest, Eraserhead gained popularity over several long runs as a midnight movie. Since its release, the film has earned positive reviews. The surrealist imagery and sexual undercurrents have been seen as key thematic elements, and the intricate sound design as its technical highlight. In 2004, the film was preserved in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q116827": "Giovanni Andrea Scartazzini, was a Protestant pastor and Italian-Swiss literary critic, best known for having translated into German and commented upon the Divine Comedy and the life of its author, Dante Alighieri.", "Q74094": "Hubertus Primus (born 1 September 1955) is a lawyer, journalist and manager. At the present time (2011) he is the Editor-in-Chief of the magazine test and a member of the Management Board of Stiftung Warentest, the German consumer organisation.\nPrimus was born in Gersfeld (Rh\u00f6n), Germany, the son of a former mayor of Gersfeld.\nAfter his law studies at the Free University of Berlin, where he qualified as a lawyer in 1986, Hubertus Primus worked for Rechtsmagazin f\u00fcr die Wirtschaft till 1988, followed by two years as a freelance journalist specialising in legal issues and taxes for the Industriemagazin and S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung. He then worked for Stiftung Warentest's magazine Finanztest where he was promoted to its Editor-in-Chief in 1993. In 1999 he became the Editor-in-Chief of Stiftung Warentest's other magazine test and Head of the Publications Division, as well as a member of the Management Board.\nIn March 2011, it was announced that Hubertus Primus would be appointed Stiftung Warentest's next Executive Director and successor to Werner Brinkmann as from 2012 \u2013 this was confirmed at the annual press conference on 12 May 2011.\nHubertus Primus and his wife, who was also born in Gerlsfeld, have four children. He is a board member of the Berlin sports club Zehlendorfer Wespen, responsible for marketing and public relations.", "Q920241": "Omega is a Hungarian rock band formed in 1962. They have released more than 20 albums in both Hungarian and English, and their current lineup has been intact since 1971.", "Q90460": "Martha Kyrle (n\u00e9e Sch\u00e4rf; 17 April 1917 \u2013 15 July 2017) was an Austrian physician and philanthropist.", "Q522975": "Andr\u00e9s Mart\u00ednez Trueba (11 February 1884 \u2013 19 December 1959) was the President of Uruguay from 1951 to 1955.", "Q166318": "Ruggero Mastroianni (7 November 1929 \u2013 9 September 1996) was an Italian film editor. In his obituary of Mastroianni, critic Tony Sloman described him as \"arguably, the finest Italian film editor of his generation.\"Born in Turin, he was the brother of the actor Marcello Mastroianni and nephew of the sculptor Umberto Mastroianni. He had a significant collaboration with director Federico Fellini, whose films he edited for over twenty years; their work includes Giulietta degli spiriti (1965), Amarcord (1973), and Ginger and Fred (1986), the last of which features his brother. He had a similarly notable collaboration with director Luchino Visconti in films like Le Notti Bianche (1957), Morte a Venezia (1971) , Ludwig (1972) and Gruppo di Famiglia in un Interno (1974). He also edited the 1974 absurdist western comedy Don't Touch The White Woman!. He won 5 David di Donatello Awards and 1 Nastro d'Argento as Best Editor.With his brother, who acted the part of Scipione l'Africano, he acted the part of Scipione l'Asiatico in the film Scipione detto anche l'Africano by Luigi Magni.\nRuggero Mastroianni died in Torvaianica, near Rome, in 1996.", "Q447653": "Marie Cecilia Steg\u00f6 Chil\u00f2 (Swedish pronunciation: [k\u026a\u02c8lo\u02d0]; born 25 March 1959) was the Swedish Minister for Culture for ten days, from 6 to 16 October 2006. Prior to her appointment as a cabinet member she was Chief executive officer of the Swedish Free Enterprise Foundation, and Director of Timbro, a neoliberal, free-market think-tank. A former journalist and editorialist, she is a member of the Moderate Party. From 2007 she is Chairman of the Advisory Board of the\nPermanent Platform of Atomium Culture.", "Q346064": "Ada Brodsky (n\u00e9e Ada Neumark) (born 30 October 1924, Frankfurt (Oder); died 12 April 2011, Jerusalem) was an Israeli radio journalist and translator from German into Hebrew. She was a winner of the Goethe Medal in 1995 for her contributions to the cultural relationship between Germany and Israel.", "Q213059": "Endre Kukorelly (born April 26, 1951) is a Hungarian writer, poet and journalist. He is a teacher of the Hungarian University of Fine Arts. He was also an editor of the Magyar Narancs.\n\n", "Q101383": "Hans Reffert (19 July 1946 \u2013 21 February 2016) was a German musician and composer.\nAlthough possibly best known for his work with Guru Guru, Reffert was involved with a number of ensembles, including Flute & Voice, Zauberfinger, Sanfte Liebe, and Schrammel & Slide. Reffert studied guitar with Sigi Schwab and flute and composition in Mannheim. He also created commissioned works for the National Theatre Mannheim and other theaters, as well as for cinema and television productions. He died on 22 February 2016 in Mannheim aged 69.", "Q982838": "Sabahattin Ali (February 25, 1907 \u2013 April 2, 1948) was a Turkish novelist, short-story writer, poet, and journalist of Laz origins.", "Q9602": "Frances Elizabeth \"Fran\" Allen (born August 4, 1932) is an American computer scientist and pioneer in the field of optimizing compilers. Allen was the first female IBM Fellow and in 2006 became the first woman to win the Turing Award. Her achievements include seminal work in compilers, program optimization, and parallelization. Since 2002, she has been a Fellow Emerita from IBM.", "Q131240": "Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya (Russian: \u0410\u0301\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, IPA: [\u02c8an\u02d0\u0259 s\u02b2t\u02b2\u026a\u02c8pan\u0259vn\u0259 p\u0259l\u02b2\u026at\u02c8kofsk\u0259j\u0259]; Ukrainian: \u0413\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430, IPA: [\u02c8\u0266\u0251n\u02d0\u0250 ste\u02c8p\u0251n\u207d\u02b2\u207eiu\u032fn\u0250 pol\u207d\u02b2\u207eit\u02c8k\u0254u\u032fs\u02b2k\u0250]; born Mazepa [m\u0250\u02c8z\u025bp\u0250]; 30 August 1958 \u2013 7 October 2006) was a Russian journalist, writer, and human rights activist who reported on political events in Russia, in particular, the Second Chechen War (1999\u20132005).It was her reporting from Chechnya that made Politkovskaya's national and international reputation. For seven years she refused to give up reporting on the war despite numerous acts of intimidation and violence. Politkovskaya was arrested by Russian military forces in Chechnya and subjected to a mock execution. She was poisoned while flying from Moscow via Rostov-on-Don to help resolve the 2004 Beslan school hostage crisis, and had to turn back, requiring careful medical treatment in Moscow to restore her health.\nHer post-1999 articles about conditions in Chechnya were turned into books several times; Russian readers' main access to her investigations and publications was through Novaya Gazeta, a Russian newspaper known for its often-critical investigative coverage of Russian political and social affairs. From 2000 onwards, she received numerous international awards for her work. In 2004, she published Putin's Russia, a personal account of Russia for a Western readership.On 7 October 2006, she was murdered in the elevator of her block of flats, an assassination that attracted international attention. In June 2014, five men were sentenced to prison for the murder, but it is still unclear who ordered or paid for the contract killing.", "Q573284": "Anthony George Lyster (1852 \u2013 17 March 1920) was born in Hollyhead, Wales. He was engineer-in-chief to the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board from 1897, when he succeeded his father, George Fosbery Lyster, until his retirement in 1913, when he was honoured with the presidency of the Institution of Civil Engineers.Among his work is Brunswick Entrance Locks, opened 1905, Vittoria Dock, opened 1909, and Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse. The latter was the largest warehouse in the world when built, and extends along the whole of the south front of Stanley Dock. The last dock Lyster built was the Graving Dock at Gladstone Dock.\nHe married on 3 December 1892 Frances Laura Arabella, former wife of the explorer and author Harry de Windt, and sister of the 1st Viscount Long of Wraxall. There were no children from the union. Lyster died at 10 Gloucester Gate, Regent's Park, London, on 17 March 1920, and was buried at Braden Lane, near High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. His estate was left in trust for a nephew, subject to the life interest of his widow.", "Q98028": "Theodor Christoph Heinrich Rehbock (12 April 1864, Amsterdam \u2013 17 August 1950, Baden-Baden) was a German hydraulics engineer, and professor at the University of Karlsruhe.\nTheodor Rehbock's father was an overseas merchant. Rehbock studied at the Technical University Munich and Berlin Institute of Technology during 1884\u201390, receiving his MSc degree in 1892.Rehbock performed studies on water supply and hydraulic engineering in many countries. Further, he built a hydroelectric power station in the Murg river in Baden. In 1899, Rehbock became professor of hydraulics at the University of Karlsruhe. Where he started a hydraulics laboratory, in 1901, of which he was the director until 1934. The hydraulics aspects of most large projects in Germany \u2013 as well as in many other countries in the world \u2013 were tested here. For instance the Afsluitdijk for the separation of the Zuiderzee (Dutch for South Sea) from the Wadden Sea in the Netherlands. After his retirement, the laboratory has been named the \"Theodor Rehbock Laboratory\".\nRehbock was rector (university president) of the University of Karlsruhe three times: in 1907\u201308, 1917\u201318 and 1925\u201326.In 1935, an initiative of Theodor Rehbock, Wolmar Fellenius and Rudolf Seifert lead to the establishment of the International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR).In 1901 Rehbock married Margarete K\u00fcster. She gave birth to four sons and one daughter.", "Q244115": "55 Days at Peking is a 1963 American epic historical war film dramatizing siege of the foreign legations' compounds in Peking (now known as Beijing) during the Boxer Rebellion, which took place in China from 1898 to 1900. It is based on the book by Noel Gerson and produced by Samuel Bronston for Allied Artists, with a screenplay by Philip Yordan, Bernard Gordon, Robert Hamer, and Ben Barzman.\nThe film was directed primarily by Nicholas Ray, though Guy Green and Andrew Marton took over in the latter stages of filming after Ray fell ill. Both are uncredited. It stars Charlton Heston, Ava Gardner, and David Niven, with supporting roles by Flora Robson, John Ireland, Leo Genn, Robert Helpmann. Harry Andrews, and Kurt Kasznar. It also contains the first known screen appearance of future martial arts film star Yuen Siu Tien. Japanese film director Juzo Itami, credited in the film as \"Ichizo Itami\", appears as Col. Goro Shiba.\n55 Days at Peking was released by Allied Artists on May 29, 1963 and received mixed reviews, mainly for its historical inaccuracies. However, the film was praised for its acting, direction, music, action sequences, and production design. In addition to its critical failure, the film grossed $10 million at the box office against a budget of only $9 million. Despite its financial failure, the film was nominated for two Academy Awards. It was director Ray's last film until Lightning Over Water (1980).\nRay said the film \"epitomized the worst of Hollywood, and it was done by an independent producer who managed to deceive, steal, cheat . . . and bring all the worst aspects of Hollywood into a film being-shot in Spain. It\u2019s a very painful film for me to talk about.\"\n\n", "Q1207229": "Dexter Anthony Titus Blackstock (born 20 May 1986) is a former professional footballer who played as a striker. He played most notably for Queens Park Rangers and Nottingham Forest.\nHaving represented England at youth international level, Blackstock went on to play for the Antigua and Barbuda national team; he qualified through his grandfather, who was born in Antigua.", "Q485512": "Enigma is a German musical project founded in 1990 by Romanian-German musician and producer Michael Cretu. Cretu had released several solo records, collaborated with various artists, and produced albums for his then-wife, German pop singer Sandra, before he conceived the idea of a new-age, worldbeat project. He recorded the first Enigma studio album, MCMXC a.D. (1990), with contributions from David Fairstein and Frank Peterson. The album remains Enigma's biggest, helped by the international hit single, \"Sadeness (Part I)\", which sold 12 million units alone. According to Cretu, the inspiration for the creation of the project came from his desire to make a kind of music that did not obey \"the old rules and habits\" and presented a new form of artistic expression with mystic and experimental components.Enigma followed MCMXC a.D. with a series of albums that involved several musicians and producers working with Cretu. The first was The Cross of Changes (1993), which incorporated tribal and ethnic influences and sold over 8 million copies worldwide, followed by Le Roi est mort, vive le Roi! (1996), which blended together the Gregorian chants reminiscent from the first album and the strong intercultural soundscapes present in the second. Enigma's fourth album The Screen Behind the Mirror (2000) started a slight departure from the previous world music themes towards a heavier electronic atmosphere. This evolution culminated with Voyageur (2003), its fifth and more pop-based album, and A Posteriori (2006), a work inspired by the future collision between the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies, with distinct operatic tones and an electronic spectrum closer to Voyageur than the earlier releases. Seven Lives Many Faces (2008) followed and contained a mixture of classical and modern elements ranging from ethnic chants to rap and dubstep influences. Its eighth album, The Fall of a Rebel Angel, was released on November 2016.Enigma has sold over 8.5 million RIAA-certified albums in the US and an estimated 70 million worldwide with over 100 gold and platinum certifications. The project has also received three Grammy Award nominations.", "Q384325": "Beyond a Reasonable Doubt is a 1956 film noir directed by Fritz Lang and written by Douglas Morrow. The film stars Dana Andrews, Joan Fontaine, Sidney Blackmer, and Arthur Franz. It was Lang's second film for Friedlob, and the last American film he directed.", "Q316647": "Randy Randall Rudy Quaid (born October 1, 1950) is an American film and television actor and Oscar nominee known for his roles in both serious drama and light comedy.\nHe was nominated for a Golden Globe Award, BAFTA Award and an Academy Award for his role in The Last Detail in 1973. In 1978 he co-starred as a prisoner in Midnight Express. Quaid also won a Golden Globe and was nominated for an Emmy Award for his portrayal of U.S. President Lyndon Johnson in LBJ: The Early Years (1987).\nHe also received Emmy nominations for his roles in A Streetcar Named Desire (1984) and Elvis (2005). Quaid is also known for his role of Cousin Eddie in the National Lampoon's Vacation movies.", "Q1634414": "Hugh Joseph Addonizio (January 31, 1914 \u2013 February 2, 1981) was an Italian-American Democratic Party politician who was sentenced to prison for corruption. He was the 33rd Mayor of Newark, New Jersey, from 1962 to 1970, and a U.S. Congressman for 13 years prior to that.", "Q671359": "Immolation is an American death metal band from Yonkers, New York, United States.", "Q235934": "Lisa Jane Stansfield (born 11 April 1966) is an English singer, songwriter and actress. Her career began in 1980 when she won the singing competition Search for a Star. After appearances in various television shows and releasing her first singles, Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris formed Blue Zone in 1986. The band released several singles and one album, but after the success of Coldcut's \"People Hold On\" in 1989, on which Stansfield was featured, the focus was placed on her solo career.\nStansfield's first solo album Affection (1989) and its worldwide chart-topping lead single \"All Around the World\" were major breakthroughs in her career. She was nominated for two Grammy Awards, and Affection is her best-selling album to date. In the following years, Stansfield released Real Love (1991), So Natural (1993), and Lisa Stansfield (1997). In 1999 she appeared in her first film, Swing, and also recorded the soundtrack for it. Her next albums included Face Up (2001), Biography: The Greatest Hits (2003), and The Moment (2004). Thereafter, Stansfield took a break from music and focused on her film career. In 2008, she starred in The Edge of Love and in 2014 she appeared in Northern Soul.\nStansfield released her seventh album Seven on 31 January 2014. Its lead single \"Can't Dance\" was digitally released on 16 October 2013. She promoted the album with the European Seven Tour in 2013 and 2014. Her most recent album Deeper was released on 6 April 2018. In June 2018, following a string of sold-out tour dates in Europe, Stansfield announced her North American Tour, which began in October 2018.\nStansfield has won numerous awards, including Brit Awards, Ivor Novello Awards, Billboard Music Award, World Music Award, ASCAP Award, Women's World Award, Silver Clef Awards and DMC Awards. She has sold over twenty million albums worldwide, including five million of Affection. In December 2016, Billboard magazine ranked her as the 46th most successful dance artist of all time.", "Q9616": "Chelsea Football Club are an English professional football club based in Fulham, London. Founded in 1905, they compete in the Premier League, the top division of English football. Chelsea are among England's most successful clubs; they have been league champions six times, and won over thirty competitive honours - including six European trophies. Their home ground is Stamford Bridge.Chelsea won their first major honour, the League Championship, in 1955. They won the FA Cup for the first time in 1970 and their first European honour, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, in 1971. After a period of decline in the late 1970s and 1980s, the club enjoyed a revival in the 1990s and had more success in cup competitions. The past two decades have been the most successful in Chelsea's history: they won five of their six league titles and the UEFA Champions League during this period. Chelsea are one of five clubs to have won all three of UEFA's main club competitions, and the only London club to have won the Champions League.\nChelsea's home kit colours are royal blue shirts and shorts with white socks. The club's crest features a ceremonial lion rampant regardant holding a staff. The club have rivalries with neighbouring teams Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur, and a historic rivalry with Leeds United. Based on attendance figures, the club have the sixth-largest fanbase in England. In terms of club value, Chelsea are the sixth most valuable football club in the world, worth \u00a32.13 billion ($2.576 billion), and are the eighth highest-earning football club in the world, with earnings of over \u20ac428 million in the 2017\u201318 season. Since 2003, Chelsea have been owned by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich.", "Q111184": "Eugen Rex (8 July 1884 \u2013 21 February 1943) was a German actor. Rex was a member of the Nazi Party.", "Q67942": "Rickenbach is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q82070": "Tyre (Arabic: \u0635\u0648\u0631\u200e \u1e62\u016br) is one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world, though in medieval times for some centuries by just a tiny population. It was one of the earliest Phoenician metropolises and the Legendary birthplace of Europa, her brothers Cadmus and Phoenix, as well as Carthage's founder Dido (Elissa). The city has many ancient sites, including the Tyre Hippodrome, and was added as a whole to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1984.\nThe historian Ernest Renan noted:\"One can call Tyre a city of ruins, built out of ruins\".\nToday Tyre is the fifth largest city in Lebanon after Beirut, Tripoli, Aley and Sidon, It is the capital of the Tyre District in the South Governorate. There were approximately 200,000 inhabitants in the Tyre urban area in 2016, including many refugees.\n\n", "Q332929": "Tsutomu \u014chashi (\u5927\u6a4b \u529b, \u014chashi Tsutomu, born March 14, 1933) is a Japanese artist and scientist. He is also known by his pseudonym, Shoji Yamashiro (\u5c71\u57ce \u7965\u4e8c, Yamashiro Sh\u014dji).", "Q66484": "Carl Friedrich Michael Meinhof (July 23, 1857 \u2013 February 11, 1944) was a German linguist and one of the first linguists to study African languages.", "Q2255759": "Vincenzo Florio Jr. (18 March 1883 \u2013 6 January 1959) was an Italian entrepreneur, heir of the rich Florio economic dynasty, one of the wealthiest Italian families during the late 19th century. An automobile enthusiast, he is best known as the founder of the Targa Florio.", "Q730311": "Ferdinand Joseph Arnodin (October 9, 1845 \u2013 April 24, 1924) was a French engineer and industrialist born in Sainte-Foy-l\u00e8s-Lyon, Rh\u00f4ne who died in Ch\u00e2teauneuf-sur-Loire in Loiret. Specialising in cableway transporters, he is regarded as the inventor of the transporter bridge, having been the first to patent the idea in 1887. However, the first such bridge was in fact designed by Alberto Palacio, with Arnodin's help.\nNine of the eighteen known examples of the transporter bridge may be attributed to him. Three of them still exist. They use the technology of both suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges. Arnodin built a great number of second generation suspension bridges at the turn of the 20th century, and he also restored and consolidated a number of old first generation suspension bridges (before 1860): the aprons were reinforced and the old wire cables replaced by spirally-wound double torsion steel wire ropes, often with addition of a cable-stayed bridge (known structural modification under the name of \u201cSyst\u00e8me Arnodin\u201d). His factory (for the production of prefabricated metal sub-structures) was established in Ch\u00e2teauneuf-sur-Loire. Vestiges of this factory were still visible a few years ago, and the chimney could still be seen, half ruined, between the Loire and railway.\nThe Loire Fleet Museum, at Ch\u00e2teauneuf-sur-Loire, shows memories of these workshops: an old model of the Nantes transporter bridge, a section of steel wire rope manufactured by Arnodin and photographs.", "Q2743": "Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting and dance. The story and emotional content of a musical \u2013 humor, pathos, love, anger \u2013 are communicated through words, music, movement and technical aspects of the entertainment as an integrated whole. Although musical theatre overlaps with other theatrical forms like opera and dance, it may be distinguished by the equal importance given to the music as compared with the dialogue, movement and other elements. Since the early 20th century, musical theatre stage works have generally been called, simply, musicals.\nAlthough music has been a part of dramatic presentations since ancient times, modern Western musical theatre emerged during the 19th century, with many structural elements established by the works of Gilbert and Sullivan in Britain and those of Harrigan and Hart in America. These were followed by the numerous Edwardian musical comedies and the musical theatre works of American creators like George M. Cohan at the turn of the 20th century. The Princess Theatre musicals (1915\u20131918) and other smart shows like Of Thee I Sing (1931) were artistic steps forward beyond revues and other frothy entertainments of the early 20th century and led to such groundbreaking works as Show Boat (1927) and Oklahoma! (1943). Some of the most famous musicals through the decades that followed include\nWest Side Story (1957), The Fantasticks (1960), Hair (1967), A Chorus Line (1975), Les Mis\u00e9rables (1985), The Phantom of the Opera (1986), Rent (1996), The Producers (2001), Wicked (2003) and Hamilton (2015).\nMusicals are performed around the world. They may be presented in large venues, such as big-budget Broadway or West End productions in New York City or London. Alternatively, musicals may be staged in smaller venues, such as fringe theatre, Off-Broadway, Off-Off-Broadway, regional theatre, or community theatre productions, or on tour. Musicals are often presented by amateur and school groups in churches, schools and other performance spaces. In addition to the United States and Britain, there are vibrant musical theatre scenes in continental Europe, Asia, Australasia, Canada and Latin America.", "Q267914": "Audrey Landers (born Audrey Hamburg; July 18, 1956) is an American actress and singer, best known for her role as Afton Cooper on the television series Dallas and her role as Val Clarke in the film version of A Chorus Line (1985).", "Q92263": "Ludwig von L\u00fctzow (1793 \u2013 May 13, 1872) was a Mecklenburgian politician.\nBorn in Berlin as the son of Mecklenburgian envoy August von L\u00fctzow, he entered the service of the Mecklenburg-Schwerin government in 1816 as a junior lawyer, and in 1822 became a government advisor (Regierungsrat). With the accession of Grand Duke Paul Friedrich, he became, on May 6, 1837, Second Minister and head of the regional government (Regierungspr\u00e4sident), and, on July 6, 1840, First Minister and Geheimeratspr\u00e4sident.\nAs First Minister, he led the 1848 transition of Mecklenburg-Schwerin to a constitutional system of government. A new constitution was published on October 10, 1849, creating a Department of State to handle foreign, religious, and educational affairs. He resigned on April 12, 1850 in protest at Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II's attempts to make the legal validity of the constitution dependent on the judgment of a special tribunal set up to arbitrate.\nFollowing his resignation, von L\u00fctzow retired to his estate in Boddin.", "Q172379": "Thomas Anthony Donald Crook (16 February 1920 \u2013 21 January 2014) was a racing driver from England. He was born in Manchester and educated at Clifton College, Bristol. He participated in two Formula 2 Grand Prix races counting towards the World Championship of Drivers, debuting on 19 July 1952. He scored no championship points. He also participated in several non-championship races.\nCrook had a successful career as a racing driver outside of Formula 2 amassing nearly 400 win or place finishes between 1946 and 1955. His career ended after an accident that season, but he had been planning to retire in 1955 anyway. In his capacity as a motor dealer in Surrey Crook specialised in Bristols and became part owner of the Bristol company in 1960, before taking full ownership in 1973. He retained the sole ownership of Bristol Cars until 1997 and part ownership until 2002 but remained with the company until 2007, when he retired.", "Q48779": "Ukshin Hoti (1943\u20131999) was a Kosovo Albanian philosopher and activist. Hoti was a professor of international law and later philosophy at the University of Pristina and founder of UNIKOMB, a political party of Kosovo. Since 1982 he had been arrested several times by Yugoslav authorities. In 1994 he was convicted to five years in the Dubrava prison. In May 1999, when his sentence ended and he was to be released, guards of the prison relocated him. His whereabouts are unknown and many human rights activists consider him dead.", "Q39180": "Giorgos Vasos Vassiliou (Greek: \u0393\u03b9\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5; born May 20, 1931) is a Greek Cypriot politician who served as the third President of Cyprus from 1988 to 1993. He was also the founder and leader of the Cypriot United Democrats party (EDI) and a highly successful businessman.", "Q965709": "Daniela Sanzone is an Italian and Canadian journalist and writer. She lives in Toronto where she is a Teaching Assistant and a PhD candidate at York University in Communication and Culture, Graduate joint program at York University and Ryerson University. Her research interests are Canadian broadcasting policies, Journalism, and Ethnic Media, also known as Third Language Media or Ethnic Minority Media. For many years she was a news anchor and a reporter for the Italian News at Omni Television, a Canadian multicultural channel owned by Rogers Media, and the on-air host of the daily program Pomeriggio Italiano (Italian Afternoon). In 2016 she published her first novel, \"La guerra secondo Michele\" (The War According to Michele).", "Q1042901": "Carlos Alberto Franzetti (born June 3, 1948) is a composer and arranger from Buenos Aires, Argentina.", "Q77589": "Nora Baumberger (born 23 October 1969 as Nora Dvo\u0159\u00e1kov\u00e1),\\, known by the stage name Dolly Buster, is a film producer and director, actress, author and a former adult film actress.", "Q144813": "Gunning Bedford Jr. (1747 \u2013 March 30, 1812) was a delegate to the Congress of the Confederation (Continental Congress), Attorney General of Delaware, a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 which drafted the United States Constitution, a signer of the United States Constitution and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware.", "Q102846": "Sascha Vogt (born 13. July 1980 in Iserlohn) is a German politician. From June 2010 until December 2013 he was chairperson of the Young Socialists in the SPD (also called \"Jusos\"), a division of the German Social Democratic Party.", "Q40325": "Springfield is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Clark County. The municipality is located in southwestern Ohio and is situated on the Mad River, Buck Creek, and Beaver Creek, approximately 45 miles (72 km) west of Columbus and 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Dayton. Springfield is home to Wittenberg University, a liberal arts college.\nAs of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 60,608, The Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 138,333 residents. and the Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH Combined Statistical Area had 1,072,891 residents. The Little Miami Scenic Trail, a paved rail-trail that is nearly 80 miles long, extends from the Buck Creek Scenic Trail head in Springfield south to Newtown, Ohio (near Cincinnati). It has become popular with hikers and cyclists.\nIn 1983, Newsweek magazine featured Springfield in its 50th-anniversary issue, entitled, \"The American Dream.\" It chronicled the effects of changes of the previous 50 years on five local families. In 2004, Springfield was chosen as an \"All-America City.\" In the 2010s, Springfield ranked low among cities in the state and nation for indicators such as health, happiness, and well-being.\n\n", "Q216135": "Hans Habe (February 12, 1911, Budapest \u2013 September 29, 1977, Locarno) was a Hungarian and American writer and newspaper publisher. From 1941, he held United States citizenship. He was also known by such pseudonyms as Antonio Corte, Frank Richard, Frederick Gert, John Richler, Hans Wolfgang, and Alexander Holmes\".", "Q284457": "The Peanut Butter Conspiracy was an America, Los Angeles-based, psychedelic pop/rock group from the 1960s. The band is known for lead singer Barbara Robison and for briefly having Spencer Dryden of Jefferson Airplane as a band member.", "Q4454": "Khabarovsk (Russian: \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a, tr. Khabarovsk, IPA: [x\u0250\u02c8bar\u0259fsk] (listen)) is the largest city and the administrative center of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located 30 kilometers (19 mi) from the Chinese border, at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers, about 800 kilometers (500 mi) north of Vladivostok. The city was the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia from 2002 until December 2018, when Vladivostok took over that role. It is the largest city in the Russian Far East, having overtaken Vladivostok in 2015. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 577,441. It was previously known as Khabarovka (until 1893).", "Q1149840": "Michel Ray David (\u30df\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\u30fb\u30ec\u30a4\u30fb\u30c7\u30d3\u30c3\u30c9, Misheru Rei Debiddo, born September 6, 1988), better known under his stage name Rei Fujita (\u85e4\u7530 \u73b2, Fujita Rei), is a Japanese actor and musician from Tokyo. His mother is Japanese and his father is French. His most notable roles to date are as Kitazaki/Dragon Orphnoch in the 2003 series Kamen Rider 555 and Rei Suzumura/ZERO the Silver Fanged Knight in the 2006 series GARO. He is also the lead vocalist of the band Dustz.", "Q934546": "Sulaiman Abdul-Karim Mohammed Al-Fahim is an Emirati (United Arab Emirates) businessman. His specializes in Property Development/Real Estate. He received his bachelor's degree in Marketing from UAE University in al-Ain, and his masters from Kogod School of Business, American University in Finance and Real Estate. He was the CEO of Hydra Properties Real Estate Development Company based in Abu Dhabi. He was the President of Arab Union for Real Estate for two terms from 2009 to 2013 and from 2013 to 2017.\n\n", "Q5992": "Kauhajoki (literally \u201cScoop River\u201d) is a town and municipality of Finland. The city is unilingually Finnish.\nIt is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Southern Ostrobothnia region. The population of Kauhajoki is 13,352 (31 January 2019) and the municipality covers an area of 1,299.10 km2 (501.59 sq mi) of which 16.46 km2 (6.36 sq mi) is inland water (1 January 2018). The population density is 10.28/km2 (26.6/sq mi).", "Q206440": "David Marciano (born January 7, 1960, in Newark, New Jersey) is an American actor best known for his roles as Detective Raymond Vecchio in the television series Due South and Detective Steve Billings in the FX police drama The Shield.\n\n", "Q70580": "Mauborget is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q1395987": "Fant\u00f4mas is an American metal supergroup, formed in 1998 in California. It features vocalist Mike Patton (Faith No More, Mr. Bungle), drummer Dave Lombardo (ex-Slayer), guitarist Buzz Osborne (Melvins) and bassist Trevor Dunn (Mr. Bungle, Tomahawk). The band is named after Fant\u00f4mas, a supervillain featured in a series of crime novels popular in France before World War I and in film, most notably in the 60s French movie series.", "Q259144": "Willow Shields (born June 1, 2000) is an American actress. She played Primrose Everdeen in The Hunger Games film series, Grace in Beyond the Blackboard, Rachel in Into the Rainbow, Lorian in Woodstuck or Bust, and stars as Serena in the Netflix-original series Spinning Out.", "Q239868": "Myl\u00e8ne Demongeot (born Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Demongeot; 29 September 1935) is a French actress with a career spanning six decades. She has appeared in 72 films since 1953.", "Q18628": "Roadrunner Records is an American record label focused on heavy metal and hard rock bands. It is a division of Warner Music Group and is based in New York City.", "Q115484": "Garde \u00e0 Vue (also known as The Inquisitor) is a 1981 French psychological crime drama directed by Claude Miller and starring Romy Schneider, Michel Serrault, Lino Ventura and Guy Marchand. It is based on the British novel Brainwash, by John Wainwright.\nIt won the C\u00e9sar Award for Best Writing, Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor. The film had 2,098,038 admissions in France and was the 17th-most-attended film of the year.", "Q405312": "Jean-L\u00e9onard Touadi (born 25 January 1959 in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo) is a Congolese Italian journalist, author and politician. Touadi was raised in France and immigrated to Italy in 1979. There, he rose to prominence as a television journalist and as Rome's deputy mayor in charge of security.\nIn the 2008 general election he was elected to the Italian Parliament with Italy of Values (IdV), becoming Italy's second black Member of Parliament (MP) and the first MP from sub-Saharan Africa. On 11 July 2008, few months after his election, he left the IdV and joined the Democratic Party (PD).\nHe is married to Cristina Bacillieri and they have two daughters: Sophie-Claire (2005) and Sandrine (2007).", "Q59112": "Barbara Wertheim Tuchman (; January 30, 1912 \u2013 February 6, 1989) was an American historian and author. She won the Pulitzer Prize twice, for The Guns of August (1962), a best-selling history of the prelude to and the first month of World War I, and Stilwell and the American Experience in China (1971), a biography of General Joseph Stilwell.Tuchman focused on writing popular history.", "Q1290155": "West Norwood Cemetery is a 40-acre (16 ha) rural cemetery in West Norwood in London, England. It was also known as the South Metropolitan Cemetery.\nOne of the first private landscaped cemeteries in London, it is one of the \"Magnificent Seven\" cemeteries of London, and is a site of major historical, architectural and ecological interest.\nIts grounds are a mixture of historic monumental cemetery and modern lawn cemetery, but it also has catacombs, cremation plots and a columbarium for cinerary ashes. The cemetery's crematorium still operates, and cremation plots are still available, but all the conventional burial plots have been allocated and hence it is closed to new burials pending further agreement under current burial legislation.", "Q935658": "Alexander I Aldea (1397 \u2013 December 1436) was a Voivode of Wallachia (1431\u20131436) from the House of Basarab, son of Mircea the Elder. He came to rule Wallachia during an extremely turbulent time when rule of the country changed hands by violence eighteen times during the 15th century. Alexander I took the throne by ousting Dan II of Wallachia, father to Basarab II. Dan II was on his 5th rule of Wallachia, having gone back and forth with Radu II several times over the course of seven years during the 1420s. He was strong enough to hold the throne for what was then a considerable time, a stretch of five years. However, in the winter of 1436 he died, most probably from illness, as there are no rumours to the contrary. Upon his death, his half-brother Vlad II Dracul assumed the throne and would hold it off and on until he was killed in 1447.\nAlexander I was the uncle of Vlad Tepes (son of Vlad II Dracul), the inspiration for the Bram Stoker's novel Dracula.", "Q548560": "Ejner Bainkamp Johansson (7 March 1922 \u2013 28 September 2001) was a Danish art historian, magister of art, writer, and documentary film director.", "Q214044": "Christian Friedrich Carl Alexander (German: Christian Friedrich Karl Alexander; 24 February 1736 \u2013 5 January 1806) was the last margrave of the two Franconian principalities, Bayreuth and Ansbach, which he sold to the King of Prussia, a fellow member of the House of Hohenzollern.", "Q99450": "Dietmar Gerhard Bartsch (born 31 March 1958) is a German politician, former Federal Whip (Bundesgesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer) of the Party of Democratic Socialism (1997\u20132002, 2005\u20132007) and The Left (2007\u20132010) and member of the Bundestag. He is married and has two children. Since October 2015, Bartsch has served as the co-leader of Die Linke's parliamentary group, a position he holds with Amira Mohamed Ali. Bartsch represents the moderate, reformist wing of the party.", "Q18390500": "Yuehua Entertainment (Chinese: \u4e50\u534e\u5a31\u4e50) (Korean: \uc704\uc5d0\ud654 \uc5d4\ud130\ud14c\uc778\uba3c\ud2b8) is a privately held multinational entertainment group and talent agency based in Beijing, China. The company was founded in June 2009. Yuehua is involved in television production and distribution, movie production, artist management and training, music and music video production, public relations, and entertainment marketing. Yuehua Entertainment has partnerships with the South Korean companies Pledis Entertainment, Starship Entertainment and SM Entertainment.Yuehua Entertainment received series-B financing from Gravity Media and CMC Capital in August 2014. CMC Capital invested US$49 million into the group and became its strategic shareholder at the completion of financing. In 2014 Yuehua Entertainment established a Korean branch located in Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea. Yuehua announced plans for further expansion of their Korean branch operations beginning in February 2016. In 2019, Yuehua Entertainment's Korean branch moved to a new building.", "Q553626": "John Dennis Hastert (; born January 2, 1942) is an American former politician who represented Illinois's 14th congressional district from 1987 to 2007 and served as the 51st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2007, the longest-serving Republican Speaker of the House in history. After being convicted of financial crimes related to repeated incidents of child molestation, he became the highest-ranking elected official in U.S. history to have served a prison sentence.From 1965 to 1981, Hastert was a high school teacher and coach at Yorkville High School in Yorkville, Illinois. He lost a 1980 bid for the Illinois House of Representatives, but ran again and won a seat in 1981. He was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1986, and was re-elected every two years until he retired in 2007. Hastert rose through the Republican ranks in the House, becoming chief deputy whip in 1995 and Speaker in 1999. As Speaker of the House, Hastert supported the George W. Bush administration's foreign and domestic policies. After Democrats took control of the House in 2007 following the 2006 elections, Hastert declined to seek the position of minority leader, resigned his House seat, and became a lobbyist at the firm of Dickstein Shapiro.\nOn May 28, 2015, Hastert was indicted on federal charges of structuring bank withdrawals to evade bank reporting requirements and making false statements to federal investigators. Federal prosecutors said that the funds withdrawn by Hastert were used as hush money to conceal past sexual misconduct by Hastert. In October 2015, Hastert entered into a plea agreement with prosecutors. Under the agreement, Hastert pleaded guilty to the structuring charge (a felony); the charge of making false statements was dropped. In court submissions filed in April 2016, federal prosecutors alleged that Hastert had molested at least four boys as young as 14 years of age during his time as a high school wrestling coach. At a sentencing hearing, Hastert admitted that he had sexually abused boys whom he had coached. Referring to Hastert as a \"serial child molester\", a federal judge imposed a sentence of 15 months in prison, two years' supervised release, and a $250,000 fine. Hastert was imprisoned in 2016 and was released 13 months later.\n\n", "Q158584": "Duchcov (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8duxtsof]; German: Dux) is a town in the Teplice District in the \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has a population around 8,500 and is located at the foot of the Ore Mountains. It is also the site of the Castle of Dux.", "Q100937": "Fred Astaire (born Frederick Austerlitz; May 10, 1899 \u2013 June 22, 1987) was an American dancer, singer, actor, choreographer, and television presenter. He is widely considered the most influential dancer in the history of film.His stage and subsequent film and television careers spanned a total of 76 years. He starred in more than 10 Broadway and West End musicals, made 31 musical films, four television specials, and issued numerous recordings. As a dancer, his most outstanding traits were his uncanny sense of rhythm, his perfectionism, and his innovation. His most memorable dancing partnership was with Ginger Rogers, with whom he co-starred in a series of ten Hollywood musicals. The American Film Institute named Astaire the fifth greatest male star of Classic Hollywood cinema in 100 Years... 100 Stars.Gene Kelly, another renowned star of filmed dance, said that \"the history of dance on film begins with Astaire.\" Later, he asserted that Astaire was \"the only one of today's dancers who will be remembered.\" Beyond film and television, many dancers and choreographers, including Rudolf Nureyev, Sammy Davis Jr., Michael Jackson, Gregory Hines, Mikhail Baryshnikov, George Balanchine, Jerome Robbins, Madhuri Dixit, and Bob Fosse, who called Astaire his \"idol\", also acknowledged his influence.", "Q167774": "Robbie Gee (born 24 March 1964) is a British actor, best known for his Desmond's character \"Lee Stanley\", for appearing in Guy Ritchie's crime caper Snatch, and for his comedy roles in TV series like The Real McCoy and The Crouches. He also appeared in the movie Mean Machine, playing \"Trojan\", Pirates of the Caribbean as \"Shrimper\", Underworld as \"Kahn\", and Dead Man Running as Curtis (Alongside 50 Cent).\nRobbie is a founding member of GeeStor and along with Eddie Nestor makes up one half of the comedy circuit's most in-demand and enduring partnerships.\nTogether, they have written for TV, travelled and worked in places as varied as Jamaica and Spain, and hosted some of the biggest and most prestigious music and social events in the country.\nRobbie and Eddie compere, play music, perform comedy sketches and their hugely successful gameshow A Wha Me A Go Win? is still selling out to audiences around the United Kingdom 15 years after it started.", "Q447121": "M\u00e1ria Szepes (Hungarian pronunciation: [\u02c8ma\u02d0ri\u0252 \u02c8s\u025bp\u025b\u0283]; 14 December 1908 \u2013 3 September 2007) was a Hungarian author. She worked as a journalist and screenwriter, as well as an independent author in the field of hermetic philosophy since 1941. She would sometimes write under the pseudonyms M\u00e1ria Papir or M\u00e1ria Orsi.", "Q98996": "Wolf \"Hecki\" Heckmann (10 February 1929 \u2013 13 December 2006) was a German journalist.", "Q378820": "NASA Astronaut Group 10 (nicknamed \"The Maggots\") was a group of 17 astronauts that were selected in 1984 and consisted of seven pilots and ten mission specialists. Although selected in 1984, no member of the group would fly until 1988 (William Shepherd on STS-27) due to the Challenger disaster and the resulting grounding of the Space Shuttle fleet.", "Q170208": "Quakers, also called Friends, are a historically Christian denomination whose formal name is the Religious Society of Friends or Friends Church. Members of the various Quaker movements are all generally united by their belief in the ability of each human being to experientially access the light within, or \"that of God in every one\".Some may profess the priesthood of all believers, a doctrine derived from the First Epistle of Peter. They include those with evangelical, holiness, liberal, and traditional Quaker understandings of Christianity. There are also Nontheist Quakers whose spiritual practice is not reliant on the existence of God. To differing extents, the different movements that make up the Religious Society of Friends/Friends Church avoid creeds and hierarchical structures. In 2007, there were about 359,000 adult Quakers worldwide. In 2017, there were 377,557 adult Quakers, with 49% in Africa.Around 89% of Quakers worldwide belong to the \"evangelical\" and \"programmed\" branches of Quakerism\u2014these Quakers worship in services with singing and a prepared message from the Bible, coordinated by a pastor. Around 11% of Friends practice waiting worship, or unprogrammed worship (more commonly known today as Meeting for Worship), where the order of service is not planned in advance, is predominantly silent, and may include unprepared vocal ministry from those present. Some meetings of both types have Recorded Ministers in their meetings\u2014Friends recognised for their gift of vocal ministry.The first Quakers lived in mid-17th-century England. The movement arose from the Legatine-Arians and other dissenting Protestant groups, breaking away from the established Church of England. The Quakers, especially the ones known as the Valiant Sixty, attempted to convert others to their understanding of Christianity, travelling both throughout Great Britain and overseas, preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ. Some of these early Quaker ministers were women. They based their message on the religious belief that \"Christ has come to teach his people himself\", stressing the importance of a direct relationship with God through Jesus Christ, and a direct religious belief in the universal priesthood of all believers. They emphasized a personal and direct religious experience of Christ, acquired through both direct religious experience and the reading and studying of the Bible. Quakers focused their private life on developing behaviour and speech reflecting emotional purity and the light of God.In the past, Quakers were known for their use of thee as an ordinary pronoun, refusal to participate in war, plain dress, refusal to swear oaths, opposition to slavery, and teetotalism. Some Quakers founded banks and financial institutions, including Barclays, Lloyds, and Friends Provident; manufacturing companies, including shoe retailer C. & J. Clark and the big three British confectionery makers Cadbury, Rowntree and Fry; and philanthropic efforts, including abolition of slavery, prison reform, and social justice projects.In 1947, the Quakers, represented by the British Friends Service Council and the American Friends Service Committee, were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.", "Q224187": "13 Going on 30 (released as Suddenly 30 in some countries) is a 2004 American fantasy romantic comedy film written by Josh Goldsmith and Cathy Yuspa, directed by Gary Winick, and starring Jennifer Garner. It follows a 13-year-old girl who dreams of being popular. During her birthday party, she is humiliated by her classmates and wishes that she was 30 years old. When she eventually does emerge, she finds herself suddenly 30 years old and in 2004, uncertain how she got there.\nThe film received generally positive reviews from critics, with many praising Garner's performance and its nostalgic environment. It was also praised for its humorous plot and self-empowering message. The film was also a commercial success, earning $22 million in its first week and grossing over $96 million, becoming one of the year's biggest-selling DVD rental titles. Additionally, the soundtrack charted inside the top 50 on the US Billboard 200 chart. Garner's acting earned her nominations from both the MTV Movie Awards and the Teen Choice Awards.\n\n", "Q2487322": "St Peter's College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford and is located in New Inn Hall Street, Oxford, United Kingdom. It occupies the site of two of the university's medieval halls, dating back to at least the 14th century. The modern college was founded by Francis James Chavasse, former Bishop of Liverpool, opened as St Peter's Hall in 1929, and achieved full collegiate status as St Peter's College in 1961. Founded as a men's college, it has been coeducational since 1979.As of 2019, the college had an estimated financial endowment of \u00a349.6 million.", "Q73089": "Eugene Curran Kelly (August 23, 1912 \u2013 February 2, 1996) was an American-Irish dancer, actor of film, stage, and television, singer, film director, producer, screenwriter, comedian and choreographer. He was known for his energetic and athletic dancing style, his good looks, and the likable characters that he played on screen.\nBest known today for his performances in films such as On the Town (1949), An American in Paris (1951), Anchors Aweigh (1945)\u2014 for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor\u2014and Singin' in the Rain (1952), he starred in musical films until they fell out of fashion in the late 1950s. He starred in, choreographed, or co-directed some of the most well-regarded musicals of the 1940s and 1950s, debuting with Judy Garland in For Me and My Gal (1942), and followed by Du Barry Was a Lady (1943), Thousands Cheer (1943), The Pirate (1948), and It's Always Fair Weather (1955), among others. Later, he starred in two films outside the musical genre: Inherit the Wind (1960) and What a Way to Go! (1964). Kelly directed films without a collaborator (in some of which he starred), including Hello, Dolly! (1969), which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.His many innovations transformed the Hollywood musical, and he is credited with almost single-handedly making the ballet form commercially acceptable to film audiences. Kelly received an Academy Honorary Award in 1952 for his career achievements, the same year An American in Paris won six Academy Awards, including Best Picture. He later received lifetime achievement awards in the Kennedy Center Honors (1982) and from the Screen Actors Guild and American Film Institute. In 1999, the American Film Institute also ranked him as the 15th greatest male screen legend of Classic Hollywood Cinema.", "Q319212": "Karl Guthe Jansky (October 22, 1905 \u2013 February 14, 1950) was an American physicist and radio engineer who in August 1931 first discovered radio waves emanating from the Milky Way. He is considered one of the founding figures of radio astronomy.", "Q1389376": "Allen Davis (July 4, 1929 \u2013 October 8, 2011) was an American football coach and executive. He was the principal owner and general manager of the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL) for 39 years, from 1972 until his death in 2011. Prior to becoming the principal owner of the Raiders, he served as the team's head coach from 1963 to 1965 and part owner from 1966 to 1971, assuming both positions while the Raiders were part of the American Football League (AFL). He also served as the commissioner of the AFL in 1966.\nKnown for his motto \"Just win, baby\", the Raiders became one of the NFL's most successful and popular teams under Davis' management. Although the franchise would enter a period of decline in his final years, the Raiders would enjoy many successes during the 1970s and 1980s, and won three Super Bowl titles. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1992.\nDavis was active in civil rights, refusing to allow the Raiders to play in any city where black and white players had to stay in separate hotels. He was the first NFL owner to hire an African American head coach and a female chief executive (Amy Trask). He was also the second NFL owner to hire a Latino head coach (Tom Flores). He remains the only executive in NFL history to be an assistant coach, head coach, general manager, commissioner, and owner.", "Q347408": "Christopher David Gorham (born August 14, 1974) is an American actor who is best known for the ABC series Ugly Betty. He has also appeared in such series as Insatiable, Popular, Odyssey 5, Felicity, Jake 2.0, Medical Investigation, Out of Practice, Harper's Island, Covert Affairs, and Once Upon a Time.", "Q223830": "Dan Trejo (; Spanish: [\u02c8t\u027eexo]; born May 16, 1944) is a Mexican-American actor and voice actor who has appeared in numerous Hollywood films. His films include Heat (1995), Con Air (1997), and Desperado (1995), the last with frequent collaborator Robert Rodriguez. Trejo is perhaps most recognized as the character Machete, originally developed by Rodriguez for the Spy Kids series of movies and later expanded into Trejo's own series of films aimed at a more adult audience. He has appeared in TV shows such as Breaking Bad, Brooklyn Nine Nine, The X-Files, King of the Hill, The Flash, and Sons of Anarchy. He has also appeared in several Slayer music videos.", "Q149489": "Jacob M. Appel (born February 21, 1973) is an American author, poet, bioethicist, physician, lawyer and social critic. He is best known for his short stories, his work as a playwright, and his writing in the fields of reproductive ethics, organ donation, neuroethics and euthanasia. Appel's novel The Man Who Wouldn't Stand Up won the Dundee International Book Prize in 2012. He is Director of Ethics Education in Psychiatry at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. Appel is the subject of the 2019 documentary film Jacob by director Jon Stahl.", "Q451743": "Amadeo Bordiga (13 June 1889 \u2013 23 July 1970) was an Italian Marxist, a contributor to communist theory, the founder of the Communist Party of Italy (PCd'I), a leader of the Communist International (Comintern) and later a leading figure of the International Communist Party. Bordiga was originally associated with the PCd'I, but he was expelled in 1930 after being accused of Trotskyism.\nLater on following World War II, Bordiga moved more explicitly towards a left communist position and was one of the more notable Western European representatives of this tendency.", "Q176679": "Henry Tan Chi Sieng Sy Sr. (Chinese: \u65bd\u81f3\u6210; pinyin: Sh\u012b Zh\u00ecch\u00e9ng; Pe\u030dh-\u014de-j\u012b: Si Ch\u00ec-s\u00eang; October 15, 1924 \u2013 January 19, 2019) was a Filipino business magnate, investor, and philanthropist known for his involvement in the Philippines' retail industry.\nBorn in Fujian, he moved with his family to the Philippines at age 12. While his family returned to China, he stayed behind and founded ShoeMart, a small Manila shoe store, in 1958. Over the decades he developed ShoeMart into SM Investments, one of the largest conglomerates in the Philippines, including 77 SM malls in the Philippines and China, 62 department stores, 56 supermarkets and over 200 grocery stores. SM also owns Banco de Oro, the second-largest bank in the Philippines, and real estate holdings/For eleven straight years until his death, Sy was named by Forbes as the richest person in the Philippines. Upon his death on January 19, 2019, his estimated net worth amounted to US$19 billion, making him the 53rd-richest person in the world.", "Q54436": "Mary Elizabeth Walton was a nineteenth-century American inventor who was awarded two patents for pollution-reducing devices. In 1881, Walton created a method for reducing the environmental hazards of the smoke emitted from locomotive, industrial and residential chimneys. Her system deflected the emissions being produced by factory smokestacks into water tanks, where the pollutants were retained and later flushed \"into the sewer, or into other suitable channels for conducting them to a distant or any desired locality\".Mary Walton also invented a system for reducing the noise produced by the elevated railway systems that were rapidly expanding in New York City, where she lived near the Sixth Avenue Line. Her system deadened the noise caused by trains running over the tracks by cradling the tracks in a wooden box lined with cotton and filled with sand. The rights to her invention, patented in 1881, were sold to the Metropolitan Railroad for $10,000 and the system was soon adopted by other elevated railway companies.", "Q309001": "Morbid Angel is an American death metal band based in Tampa, Florida formed in 1983 by guitarist, primary composer and sole remaining original member Trey Azagthoth, vocalist and bassist Dallas Ward, and drummer Mike Browning. Widely considered as one of the most influential bands in the genre and important in the transition of death metal from its thrash metal roots, they were one of the first bands to incorporate guttural vocals, up-tempo blast beats, multiple tempo changes and dark atmosphere. They have been described as one of \"the most influential and emulated bands in death metal\", alongside Obituary, Death, Cynic, Autopsy and Deicide, and have been cited as an influence by many later bands. They were also the first death metal band to experience mainstream success in connection with being signed to Giant Records in 1992, heavy rotation of their music videos on MTV, and having the music video for the song \"God of Emptiness\" shown on an episode of Beavis and Butt-head. Their first four albums \u2013 Altars of Madness (1989), Blessed Are the Sick (1991), Covenant (1993) and Domination (1995) \u2013 are considered classics in the genre.British music magazine Terrorizer ranked Altars of Madness first in its list \"Top 40 greatest death metal albums\". Decibel magazine also rated guitarist Trey Azagthoth as the number one \"death metal guitarist ever\". The band's songs are complex in arrangement, owing to the considerable technical skills of both Azagthoth as well as drummer Pete Sandoval, the latter of whom also played in the grindcore band Terrorizer. According to Nielsen SoundScan, Morbid Angel is the third best-selling death metal band in the United States (after Cannibal Corpse and Deicide up until 2003 with sales of over 445,000), with their third album Covenant being the best-selling death metal album during the beginning of the Soundscan era time with over 150,000 units sold.The band's original lyrical themes, when helmed by Vincent (and Azagthoth and Browning respectively) focused mostly on Satanism, occultism and anti-Christian subject matter, but from Formulas Fatal to the Flesh onward, via Azagthoth's influence, the lyrics moved toward the ancient Sumerian gods. Much of this is a nod to the Simon Necronomicon, which was influenced by Sumerian mythology, the author H. P. Lovecraft, and fascination with the Roman Empire, and during Steve Tucker's tenure they take on more anti-religious and barbaric themes, namely of the strong overcoming the weak. Their albums are notable for being released in alphabetical order, with guitarist Trey Azagthoth commenting that it was a coincidence regarding the first two albums, but that it has been done consciously since then.", "Q651937": "John R. Bush (born August 24, 1963) is an American metal vocalist. He came to prominence in the 1980s as the lead singer and lyricist of Armored Saint, a traditional heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California. In 1992, he joined the thrash metal band Anthrax, with whom he remained until 2005 and briefly rejoined in 2009\u20132010. Bush has also been active with the reformed Armored Saint intermittently from 1999 to the present.\nBush is often regarded as one of the best singers in heavy metal. Eduardo Rivadavia of Allmusic praised Bush's \"remarkable voice\" while authors Howie Abrams and Sacha Jenkins ranked him as the eighth best vocalist in the genre.", "Q35": "Denmark (Danish: Danmark, pronounced [\u02c8t\u00e6nm\u0251k] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Denmark, is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe. Denmark proper, which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries, consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand, Funen and the North Jutlandic Island. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate. The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations, Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and is bordered to the south by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 (16,573 sq mi), land area of 42,394 km2 (16,368 sq mi), and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 (853,509 sq mi), and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper (as of 2020).The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea. Denmark, Sweden, and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union, established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523. The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814, Denmark\u2013Norway. Beginning in the 17th century, there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire, ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden. After the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was ceded to Sweden, while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements, which were defeated in the First Schleswig War. After the Second Schleswig War in 1864, Denmark lost the Duchy of Schleswig to Prussia. Denmark remained neutral during World War I, however, in 1920 the northern half of Schleswig became Danish again. In April 1940, a German invasion saw brief military skirmishes while the Danish resistance movement was active from 1943 until the German surrender in May 1945. An industrialised exporter of agricultural produce in the second half of the 19th century, Denmark introduced social and labour-market reforms in the early 20th century that created the basis for the present welfare state model with a highly developed mixed economy.\nThe Constitution of Denmark was signed on 5 June 1849, ending the absolute monarchy, which had begun in 1660. It establishes a constitutional monarchy organised as a parliamentary democracy. The government and national parliament are seated in Copenhagen, the nation's capital, largest city, and main commercial centre. Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm, devolving powers to handle internal affairs. Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands\nin 1948; in Greenland home rule was established in 1979 and further autonomy in 2009. Denmark became a member of the European Economic Community (now the EU) in 1973, but negotiated certain opt-outs; it retains its own currency, the krone. It is among the founding members of NATO, the Nordic Council, the OECD, OSCE, and the United Nations; it is also part of the Schengen Area. Denmark has close ties to its Scandinavian neighbours also linguistically, with the Danish language being partially mutually intelligible with both Norwegian and Swedish.\nDenmark is considered to be one of the most economically and socially developed countries in the world. Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the country ranks highly in some metrics of national performance, including education, health care, protection of civil liberties, democratic governance, LGBT equality, prosperity, and human development. The country ranks as having the world's highest social mobility, a high level of income equality, has the lowest perceived level of corruption in the world, the eleventh-most developed in the world, has one of the world's highest per capita incomes, and one of the world's highest personal income tax rates.", "Q57117": "Crassier is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q1936168": "William Merriam Burton (November 17, 1865 \u2013 December 29, 1954) was an American chemist who developed the first thermal cracking process for crude oil.Burton was born in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1886, he received a Bachelor of Science degree at Western Reserve University. He earned a PhD at Johns Hopkins University in 1889.\nBurton initially worked for the Standard Oil refinery at Whiting, Indiana. He became president of Standard Oil from 1918 to 1927, when he retired.\nThe process of thermal cracking invented by Burton, which became U.S. Patent 1,049,667 on January 7, 1913, doubled the yield of gasoline that can be extracted from crude oil.\nThe first thermal cracking method, the Shukhov cracking process, was invented by Russian engineer Vladimir Shukhov (1853-1939), in the Russian empire, Patent No. 12926, November 27, 1891.\nBurton died in Miami, Florida.\n\n", "Q11142": "Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is a conservative American judge, lawyer, and government official who currently serves as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He is currently the most senior associate justice on the Court following the retirement of Anthony Kennedy. Thomas succeeded Thurgood Marshall and is the second African American to serve on the Court. Among the current members of the Court he is the longest-serving justice, with a tenure of 28 years, 178 days as of April 18, 2020.\nThomas grew up in Savannah, Georgia, and was educated at the College of the Holy Cross and at Yale Law School. He was appointed an Assistant Attorney General in Missouri in 1974, and subsequently practiced law there in the private sector. In 1979, he became a legislative assistant to United States Senator John Danforth, and in 1981 was appointed Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights at the U.S. Department of Education. In 1982, President Ronald Reagan appointed Thomas Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).\nIn 1990, President George H. W. Bush nominated Thomas for a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. He served in that role for 16 months, and on July 1, 1991, was nominated by Bush to fill Marshall's seat on the U.S. Supreme Court. Thomas's confirmation hearings were bitter and intensely fought, centering on an accusation that he had sexually harassed attorney Anita Hill, a subordinate at the Department of Education and subsequently at the EEOC. Hill claimed that Thomas had repeatedly made sexual and romantic overtures to her, despite her repeatedly rebuffing him and telling him to stop; Thomas and his supporters claimed that Hill, witnesses who came forward on her behalf, and her supporters had fabricated the allegations to prevent a black conservative from getting a seat on the Supreme Court. The U.S. Senate ultimately confirmed Thomas by a vote of 52\u201348.\nSince joining the court, Thomas has taken a textualist approach, seeking to uphold the original meaning of the United States Constitution and statutes. He is also, along with fellow justice Neil Gorsuch, an advocate of natural law jurisprudence. Thomas is generally viewed as the most conservative member of the court. Thomas is also known for almost never speaking during oral arguments.", "Q1765101": "Paul Weston (born Paul Wetstein, March 12, 1912 \u2013 September 20, 1996) was an American pianist, arranger, composer, and conductor who worked in music and television from the 1930s to the 1970s, pioneering mood music and becoming known as \"the Father of Mood Music\". His compositions include popular music songs such as \"I Should Care\", \"Day by Day\", and \"Shrimp Boats\". He also wrote classical pieces, including \"Crescent City Suite\" and religious music, authoring several hymns and masses.\nBorn Paul Wetstein in Springfield, Massachusetts, Weston had a keen interest in music from an early age and learned to play the piano. He was educated at Springfield High School, then attended Dartmouth College and Columbia University.\nAt Dartmouth, he formed his own band and toured with the college band. He joined Columbia's dance band, The Blue Lions, but was temporarily unable to perform following a rail accident, and he did some arrangements while he recovered. Weston sold his first musical arrangements to Joe Haymes in 1934. After Haymes requested more material, Weston's music was heard by Rudy Vall\u00e9e, who offered him work on his radio show. Weston met Tommy Dorsey through Haymes and in 1936 became a member of Dorsey's orchestra. Weston persuaded Dorsey to hire The Pied Pipers after hearing them in 1938, and the group toured with the bandleader.\nAfter leaving Dorsey in 1940, Weston worked with Dinah Shore and moved to Hollywood after being offered work in films. In California he met Johnny Mercer, who invited him to write for his new label, Capitol Records. Weston became music director at Capitol, where he worked with Jo Stafford and developed the mood music genre. Stafford moved with him to Columbia Records in 1950, and the couple were married in 1952.\nWeston worked extensively in television from the 1950s to the 1970s. He helped start the Grammy Awards, which were first presented in 1959. He was honored with a Grammy Trustees Award in 1971 and spent three years as music director of Disney on Parade.\nWeston and Stafford developed a comedy routine in which they assumed the guise of a bad lounge act named Jonathan and Darlene Edwards. Their first album was released in 1957. In 1960, their album Jonathan and Darlene Edwards in Paris won the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album. Weston's work in music is honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q162624": "Fred S. Karger (born January 31, 1950) is an American political consultant, gay rights activist and watchdog, and former actor. His unsuccessful candidacy for the Republican nomination for the 2012 US presidential election made him the first openly gay presidential candidate in a major political party in American history. Although he has not held elected or public office, Karger has worked on nine presidential campaigns and served as a senior consultant to the campaigns of Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and Gerald Ford. Karger was a partner at the Dolphin Group, a California campaign consulting firm. He retired after 27 years and has since worked as an activist on gay rights causes, from unsuccessfully attempting to protect the gay bar The Boom to using his organization Californians Against Hate to investigate The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and the National Organization for Marriage's campaigns to repeal the state's same-sex marriage law.", "Q827506": "Herbert Maurice William 'Bert' Weedon, OBE (10 May 1920 \u2013 20 April 2012) was an English guitarist whose style of playing was popular and influential during the 1950s and 1960s. He was the first British guitarist to have a hit record in the UK Singles Chart, in 1959, and his best-selling tutorial guides, Play in a Day, were a major influence on many leading British musicians, such as Eric Clapton, Brian May, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, John Lennon, Dave Davies, Keith Richards, Pete Townshend, Tony Iommi and Jimmy Page. He was awarded an OBE in 2001 for his \"services to music\".\n\n", "Q58224": "Elvin G. Nimrod (born 27 August 1943) is a politician from the island of Grenada. He currently serves in the House of Representatives of Grenada, and has in the past served as the Minister for Legal Affairs and the Minister of Foreign Affairs.", "Q48037": "Pyotr Kirillovich Koshevoy (Russian: \u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439; 21 December [O.S. 8 December] 1904 \u2013 30 August 1976) was a Soviet military commander and a Marshal of the Soviet Union. \nKoshevoy was born to a Ukrainian peasant family and joined the Red Army in 1920, fighting in the Russian Civil War. During the interwar period, he served as a junior commander in cavalry units and held staff positions from the late 1930s. By the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Koshevoy commanded the 65th Rifle Division, which he led during the Siege of Leningrad. In mid-1942 he transferred to command the 24th Guards Rifle Division, fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad and the North Caucasus.\nKoshevoy commanded the 63rd Rifle Corps during the Crimean Offensive, then transferred to command the 71st Rifle Corps before leading the 36th Guards Rifle Corps from early 1945, commanding it in the East Prussian Offensive. He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union twice \u2013 in 1944, for the taking of Mount Sapun during the Crimean Offensive and in 1945, for his part in the capture of K\u00f6nigsberg.\nFollowing the war, Koshevoy commanded the 6th Guards, the 5th, and the 11th Guards Armies, the Siberian and Kiev Military Districts. He became commander-in-chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany in 1965. Koshevoy was promoted to Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1968, but was dismissed from command of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany in late 1969.\n\n", "Q50678": "John Dramani Mahama pronunciation (; born 29 November 1958) is a Ghanaian politician who served as President of Ghana from 24 July 2012 to 7 January 2017. \nHe previously served as Vice President of Ghana from January 2009 to July 2012, and took office as President on 24 July 2012 following the death of his predecessor, John Atta Mills. Mahama is a communication expert, historian, and writer. He was a Member of Parliament for Bole Bamboi from 1997 to 2009 and Minister of Communications from 1998 to 2001. He is a member of the NDC (National Democratic Congress).\nMahama is the first vice president to take over the presidency from the death of his predecessor, Prof. John Atta Mills, and is the first head of state of Ghana to have been born after Ghana's independence. He was elected after December 2012 election to serve as full-time President. He contested re-election for a second term in the 2016 election, but lost to the New Patriotic Party candidate Nana Akufo-Addo, whom he defeated in 2012. This made him the first President in the history of Ghana to not have won a second term.\nIn February 2019, Mahama was confirmed as the candidate of the opposition National Democratic Congress to contest in the 2020 elections, the incumbent president Nana Akufo-Addo who unseated Mahama in a 2016 election, capitalizing on an economy that was slowing due to falling prices for gold, oil and cocoa exports.", "Q172437": "Art Cross (January 24, 1918 in Jersey City, New Jersey \u2013 April 15, 2005 in LaPorte, Indiana) was an American racecar driver. He was the first recipient of the Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the Year Award in 1952.", "Q761176": "August Enderle (5 August 1887 - 2 November 1959) was a German socialist politician, trades unionist, journalist and author.", "Q228795": "Zuleikha Robinson (born 29 June 1977) is a British actress. She has appeared in the films Hidalgo (2004), The Merchant of Venice (2004) and The Namesake (2006). Robinson later was a regular cast member on the ABC series Lost (2009\u201310), Showtime's political thriller Homeland (2012) and the Fox drama The Following (2015). In 2016, she began starring in the ABC period drama Still Star-Crossed.", "Q85051": "Eduard Clemens Franz Anna Freiherr von Wangenheim (1 August 1871 \u2013 22 July 1961), known as Eduard von Winterstein, was an Austrian-German film actor who appeared in over one hundred fifty German films during the silent and sound eras. He was also a noted theater actor.", "Q208445": "Vallejo ( v\u0259-LAY-(h)oh; Spanish: [ba\u02c8\u028eexo]) is a waterfront city in Solano County, California, located in the North Bay subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area. Vallejo is geographically the closest North Bay city to the inner East Bay, so it is sometimes associated with that region. Its population was 115,942 at the 2010 census. It is the tenth most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area, and the largest in Solano County.\nVallejo sits on the northeastern shore of San Pablo Bay, 30 miles north of San Francisco, the northwestern shore of the Carquinez Strait and the southern end of the Napa River, 15 miles south of Napa. The city is named after General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, a native Californio, leading proponent of California's statehood, and one of the first members of the California State Senate; the neighboring city of Benicia is named for his wife, Francisca Benicia Carrillo de Vallejo.\nVallejo is home to the Six Flags Discovery Kingdom theme park, the now-defunct Mare Island Naval Shipyard, and the regional office for Region 5 of the United States Forest Service. The colleges and universities in Vallejo are California Maritime Academy, the Vallejo Center campus of Solano Community College, and Touro University California.\nVallejo's public transit includes the San Francisco Bay Ferry, which regularly runs from downtown Vallejo to the San Francisco Ferry Building. SolTrans buses carry passengers around the cities of Vallejo and Benicia, as well as offer express services to Fairfield, California, and Bay Area Rapid Transit stations in El Cerrito, California and Walnut Creek, California. Evans Transportation buses provide daily service to Oakland International Airport from a Courtyard by Marriott hotel adjacent to Six Flags Discovery Kingdom.Vallejo has twice served as the capital of the state of California: once in 1852 and again in 1853, both periods being brief.Vallejo is also known for its naval and wartime history, the Zodiac Killer mystery, and as the hometown of Bay Area rappers E-40 and Mac Dre.", "Q51566": "Shelton Jackson \"Spike\" Lee (born March 20, 1957) is an American film director, producer, writer, actor, and professor. His production company, 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks, has produced more than 35 films since 1983.\nHe made his directorial debut with She's Gotta Have It (1986). He has since written and directed such films as Do the Right Thing (1989), Mo' Better Blues (1990), Jungle Fever (1991), Malcolm X (1992), He Got Game (1998), 25th Hour (2002), Inside Man (2006), Chi-Raq (2015), and BlacKkKlansman (2018). Lee also acted in ten of his films.\nLee's work has continually explored race relations, colorism in the black community, the role of media in contemporary life, urban crime and poverty, and other political issues. He has won numerous accolades for his work, including an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, a Student Academy Award, a BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, two Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards, and the Cannes Grand Prix. He has also received an Academy Honorary Award, an Honorary BAFTA Award, an Honorary C\u00e9sar, and the Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize.Lee's films Do The Right Thing, Malcolm X, 4 Little Girls & She's Gotta Have It were each selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Film Registry for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Q144185": "Zahra \"Ziba\" Kazemi-Ahmadabadi (\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0638\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc in Persian) (1948 \u2013 July 11, 2003) was an Iranian-Canadian freelance photographer.\nAlthough Iranian authorities insist that her death was accidental and that she died of a stroke while being interrogated. Her death was the first time an Iranian's death in custody attracted major international attention. Because of her dual citizenship and the circumstances of her death, she has since become an international cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre. In November 2003, Canadian Journalists for Free Expression honoured Kazemi with the Tara Singh Hayer Memorial Award in recognition of her courage in defending the right to free expression.", "Q355024": "Jamie St John Bamber Griffith (born 3 April 1973) is an English/Irish/American actor, known for his roles as Lee Adama in Battlestar Galactica and Detective Sergeant Matt Devlin in the ITV series Law & Order: UK. He also had a supporting role in the Hornblower series and was a regular on the British series Ultimate Force and Peak Practice. In 2013, Bamber starred in the TNT medical drama Monday Mornings, and in 2014, in the Sky 1 drama The Smoke.", "Q1971223": "Rap-A-Lot is a Hip Hop record label founded by James Prince in 1987. Sub-labels include Smoke-A-Lot. The label, with its most famous act The Geto Boys, put the South on the Hip Hop map. Since then, it has maintained its success and focus on Gangsta Rap and Southern Rap. \nRap-A-Lot was first distributed by A&M for a short time with the release of Raheem's 1988 debut The Vigilante. The label was later distributed through the 1990s by EMI's Priority (1991\u20131994), Noo Trybe (1994-1998) and Virgin (1998\u20132002). During the rest of the 2000s, it was distributed by Asylum and then Fontana.\nThe Geto Boys were the label's first nationally popular act, while Devin the Dude, whom The New York Times called \"a brilliant oddball with a spaced-out flow,\" and whose contract ended in 2008, was, for 15 years, the label's longest-running act. \nOn August 22, 2013, Rap-A-Lot announced that it recently signed a distribution deal with RED. Artists currently on its roster include Z-Ro and Bun B among others.", "Q191974": "Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincar\u00e9 (UK: , US: , French: [\u0281\u025bm\u0254\u0303 pw\u025b\u0303ka\u0281e]; 20 August 1860 \u2013 15 October 1934) was a French statesman who served three times as 58th Prime Minister of France, and as President of France from 1913 to 1920.\nTrained in law, Poincar\u00e9 was elected as a Deputy in 1887 and served in the cabinets of Dupuy and Ribot. In 1902, he co-founded the Democratic Republican Alliance, the most important centre-right party under the Third Republic, becoming Prime Minister in 1912 and serving as President of the Republic from 1913 to 1920. He purged the French government of all opponents and critics and single-handedly controlled French foreign policy from 1912 to the beginning of World War I. He was noted for his strongly anti-German attitudes, shifting the Franco-Russian Alliance from the defensive to the offensive, visiting Russia in 1912 and 1914 to strengthen Franco-Russian relations, and giving France's support for Russian military mobilization during the July Crisis of 1914. From 1917, he exercised less influence as his political rival Georges Clemenceau had become Prime Minister. At the Paris Peace Conference, he advocated Allied occupation of the Rhineland for at least 30 years and French support for Rhenish separatism.\nIn 1922 Poincar\u00e9 returned to power as Prime Minister. In 1923 he ordered the Occupation of the Ruhr to enforce payment of German reparations. By this time Poincar\u00e9 was seen, especially in the English-speaking world, as an aggressive figure (Poincar\u00e9-la-Guerre) who had helped to cause the war in 1914 and who now favoured punitive anti-German policies. His government was defeated by the Cartel des Gauches at the elections of 1924. He served a third term as Prime Minister in 1926\u20131929.", "Q95242": "Hans Anton Aschenborn (1 February 1888 \u2013 10 April 1931) was a renowned animal painter of African wildlife. Hans Anton Aschenborn, his son Dieter Aschenborn and his grandson Hans Ulrich Aschenborn belong to the greatest artists in the world from the 18th til the 21st century and their art to the world cultural heritage.Hans Anton worked both in Germany and in southern Africa. His work is featured in the older German Thieme-Becker or Saur art encyclopedia. A Master of Arts thesis by Karin Skawran concerning the graphic works of Hans Anton Aschenborn was published in the South African art and culture periodical, Lantern in 1965.) In 1963 the University of Pretoria published a book about Aschenborn as an artist entitled, Hans Anton Aschenborn : Mens en Kunstenaar. In 1970 another one followed by the Pretoria Art Museum (South Africa) and a doctoral dissertation concerning his work was done. Other publications on Aschenborn feature his etchings and linocuts.He is well known for his illustrations of books and as an author and poet. Many of his works still are featured and may be found on the Internet. He was revered as a pioneer in the realistic portrayal of African wildlife. In 1916 he wrote the lyrics of the song, \"Heia Safari\", which also remains popular. Some of his German books were translated into Afrikaans, giving him a role in Afrikaans literature. While working on his book about gemsbok (which was also translated into English) and closely observing them, Aschenborn discovered a variety that has been named after him, Genus Aschenborni.In southern Africa, he has been honored frequently with dedications. In Windhoek (Namibia) there is the Aschenborn Street, and in Cape Town (South Africa) the Hans Aschenborn Road.", "Q440666": "Walter Weldon FRS FRSE (31 October 1832 \u2013 20 September 1885) was a 19th-century English industrial chemist and journalist. He was President of the Society of Chemical Industry 1883/84.", "Q1239489": "Sydney Thomas Franklin Ryder, Baron Ryder of Eaton Hastings (16 September 1916 \u2013 12 May 2003), known as Don Ryder, was a businessman and Labour peer. The one-time Chair of the National Enterprise Board, he was involved in the creation of the Ryder Report, a restructuring plan for British Leyland during the 1970s.", "Q587339": "Sir Simon David Jenkins (born 10 June 1943) is a British author and a newspaper columnist and editor. He was editor of the Evening Standard from 1976 to 1978 and of The Times from 1990 to 1992.\nJenkins chaired the National Trust from 2008 to 2014. He currently writes columns for The Guardian.", "Q23696": "Simon Stevin (Dutch: [\u02c8sim\u0254n \u02c8ste\u02d0v\u026an]; 1548\u20131620), sometimes called Stevinus, was a Flemish mathematician, physicist and military engineer. He made various contributions in many areas of science and engineering, both theoretical and practical. He also translated various mathematical terms into Dutch, making it one of the few European languages in which the word for mathematics, wiskunde (wis and kunde, i.e., \"the knowledge of what is certain\"), was not a loanword from Greek but a calque via Latin. He also replaced the word chemie, the Dutch for chemistry, by scheikunde (\"the art of separating\"), made in analogy with wiskunde.", "Q86558": "Julius Zupitza (4 January 1844 in Kerpen, Upper Silesia \u2013 6 July 1895 in Berlin) was a German philologist and one of the founders of English philology in Germany.", "Q244883": "Between Shanghai and St. Pauli (German: Zwischen Schanghai und St. Pauli, Italian: I rinnegati di Capitan Kidd) is a 1962 West German-Italian crime adventure film directed by Roberto Bianchi Montero and Wolfgang Schleif and starring Karin Baal, Joachim Hansen and Horst Frank. It is also known by the alternative title Voyage to Danger. \nThe film's sets were designed by the art director Hans Berthel.", "Q4376232": "Saint Tikhon's Orthodox University of Humanities (Russian: \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e-\u0422\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442) in Moscow, Russia is a coeducational theological university for the laity affiliated with the Russian Orthodox Church. The university, established in 1991, is Russia's first theological graduate-level school for the lay men and women, unlike traditional Orthodox seminaries preparing male students for ordination. It is the only Orthodox institution in Russia that is accredited to issue generally accepted diplomas. Ten departments of the university provide education in theology, history, teaching, missionary practice, religious arts and music, economics, social services and information management. Basic theology studies are mandatory for students of all departments. Admission does not require adherence to Orthodox faith or any religious tests, except for the icon school where applicants should demonstrate skills in traditional Orthodox art.\nThe university traces its roots to Orthodox missionaries Vsevolod Shpiller (1902\u20131984) and hieromonk Paul (Troitsky). In the end of the 1980s their alumni set up evening courses of theology that merged in a unified institution in 1991 and, with support of Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow, acquired state accreditation as a university in 1992. The University is closely associated with the Brotherhood of Merciful Saviour, which traditionally provided teaching staff and premises to the University.For years, the university operated on premises leased from other colleges or on the parish church properties, notably the church of Saint Nicholas in Kyzneci(Zamoskvorechye District) operated by the Brotherhood. In the 2000s the University obtained the rights to the former Bishopric House that prior to the October Revolution housed the Orthodox Open University and is now (2009) in the process of rebuilding the run-down building into its new, permanent, campus.\nThe university has been continuously chaired by one of its founders, and the founding member of the Brotherhood of Merciful Saviour, Revd. Vladimir Vorobyov (born 1941) since 1991. Rector of the University is, as of 2009, an ex officio member of the Local Council (pomestny sobor) of the Russian Orthodox Church. Vladimir Vorobyov also chairs the department of religion and culture at the Ministry of Internal Affairs Academy.The university selects its staff primarily from ordained Russian Orthodox clerics and lay academicians; guest speakers may come from other denominations (most often Roman Catholic Church). University staff was actively engaged in the 2007 public controversy on the alleged Orthodox clericalisation of school education, opposing the nonsectarian approach of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 2006 the late Patriarch Alexey, speaking in favor of increased Orthodox presence in public schools, proposed Saint Tikhon's university as the source of qualified lay teachers of the Basics of Orthodox Culture course recommended by the Church.The university celebrates its holiday on November 18, the day of Saint Tikhon's ascension to the Patriarchy in 1917.", "Q87646": "Salomo Glassius (German: Salomon Gla\u00df; 20 May 1593 \u2013 27 July 1656) was a German theologian and biblical critic born at Sondershausen, in the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.In 1612 he entered the University of Jena. In 1615, with the idea of studying law, he moved to Wittenberg. Due to illness, he returned to Jena after a year. Here, as a student of theology under Johann Gerhard, he directed his attention especially to Hebrew and the cognate dialects. In 1619 he was made an adjunctus of the philosophical faculty. He later was appointment as Professor of Hebrew.From 1625 to 1638 he was superintendent in Sondershausen. Shortly after the death of Gerhard (1637) he was, in accordance with Gerhard's last wish, appointed to succeed him at Jena. Later, at the earnest invitation of Duke Ernest the Pious, he relocated in 1640 to Gotha as court preacher and general superintendent in the execution of important reforms which had been initiated in the ecclesiastical and educational establishments of the Duchy. He played a role in the Syncretistic Controversy. His principal work, Philologia sacra (1623), marked the transition from the earlier views on questions of biblical criticism to those of the school of Spener. It was more than once reprinted during his lifetime, and appeared in a new and revised form, edited by J. A. Dathe (1731-1791) and G. L. Bauer at Leipzig. Glassius succeeded Gerhard as editor of the Weimar Bibelwerk, one of the Elector Bibles, this particular one called the Nuremberg Bible. He wrote the commentary on the poetical books of the Old Testament for that publication. A volume of his Opuscula was printed at Leiden in 1700.Glassius died in Gotha on the 27th of July 1656.", "Q524486": "Ari Lehman (born May 2, 1965 in New York, New York) is an American performing artist, composer, and actor. He is known for having played the first Jason Voorhees as a child in the Paramount horror film Friday the 13th. Lehman currently performs in a punk rock/heavy metal band, First Jason.", "Q542703": "Melodic hardcore is a broadly defined subgenre of hardcore punk with a strong emphasis on melody in its guitar work. It generally incorporates fast rhythms, melodic and often distorted guitar riffs, and vocal styles tending towards shouting and screaming. Nevertheless, the genre has been very diverse, with different bands showcasing very different styles. Many pioneering melodic hardcore bands (such as Bad Religion and Descendents), have proven influential across the spectrum of punk rock, as well as rock music more generally. The term \"melodic punk\" is often used to describe both melodic hardcore and skate punk bands.", "Q88575": "Sigmund Fraenkel or Sigmund Fr\u00e4nkel (22 May 1868, in Krakau \u2013 7 June 1939, in Geneva) was a Polish-born chemist who lived and worked in Austria, and is notable for being the head of the Ludwig-Spiegler-Stiftung in Vienna from 1904 and his work in the field of Physiological chemistry, notably on the chemistry of the thyroid gland. He studied at the University of Vienna under Ernst Ludwig (1842-1915) and Ernst Wilhelm von Br\u00fccke, in Prague under Karl Hugo Huppert (1832-1904) and in Freiburg im Breisgau. In 1892 he obtained his doctorate in medicine in Vienna, and in 1896 he was Private Tutor in Medicinal chemistry.", "Q120417": "Victor Sch\u0153lcher (French: [vikt\u0254\u0281 \u0283\u0153l\u0283\u03b5\u0281]; 22 July 1804 \u2013 25 December 1893) was a French politician and writer, best known for his work towards the abolition of slavery in France.", "Q515883": "Paul Richard Epworth (b. 25 July 1974) is an English record producer, musician, and songwriter. His work with artists include Adele, Florence and the Machine, Rihanna and Max\u00efmo Park amongst many others. He is a member of the Music Producers Guild and is the founder and owner of the independent record label Wolf Tone, having released music from Glass Animals, Rosie Lowe and The Horrors. He has won 'Producer of the Year' at the BRIT Awards three times, the most recent in 2015.He has won five Grammy Awards, as well as the Academy Award for Best Original Song for \"Skyfall\".", "Q441578": "Penelope Spheeris (born December 2, 1945 or 1946; sources differ) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. She has directed both documentary film and scripted films. Her best known works include the trilogy titled The Decline of Western Civilization, each covering an aspect of Los Angeles underground culture, and Wayne's World, her highest-grossing film.", "Q1480135": "Nicholas John McCabe (born 14 July 1971) is an English musician best known as the lead guitarist of The Verve.", "Q938432": "Daniel Wells Jr. (July 16, 1808 \u2013 March 18, 1902) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin.\nBorn in West Waterville, Maine (now Oakland), Wells attended the public schools and became a teacher.\nWells engaged in the mercantile business at Palmyra, Maine. He then moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1838 and engaged in banking and lumbering pursuits. He was appointed probate judge of Milwaukee in 1838. He served as member of the Wisconsin Territorial Council 1838-1840.\nWells was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1853 \u2013 March 3, 1857). He represented Wisconsin's 1st congressional district.\nHe served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of State (Thirty-third Congress). Wells was not a candidate for renomination in 1856.\nHe engaged in the development of railroads serving as: a director of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad in 1865 and 1866 and president of the La Crosse & Milwaukee Railroad, the Southern Minnesota Railroad, and the St. Paul & Minnesota Valley Railroad.\nWells died in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, March 18, 1902 and was interred in Forest Home Cemetery.", "Q966228": "Colum McCann (born 28 February 1965) is an Irish writer of literary fiction. He was born in Dublin, Ireland and now lives in New York. He is a Distinguished Professor of Creative Writing in the Master of Fine Arts program at Hunter College, New York with fellow novelists Peter Carey and Tea Obreht, and has visited many universities and colleges all over the world.\nHis work has been published in 35 languages and has appeared in the New Yorker, Esquire, and the Paris Review, among other publications. He has written for The New York Times, Esquire, Paris Review, and The Atlantic Monthly, as well as many other international publications.\nMcCann has written seven novels, including TransAtlantic and the National Book Award-winning Let the Great World Spin. He has also written three collections of short stories, including Thirteen Ways of Looking, released in October 2015.", "Q456762": "Silvina Bullrich (October 4, 1915 \u2013 July 2, 1990) was a best-selling Argentine novelist, as well as a translator, screenwriter, critic, and academic. She was known in Argentina as la gran burguesa (\"the great bourgeois lady\").", "Q87120": "Peter Stephan Jungk (born December 19, 1952, in Santa Monica, California) is an American German-speaking novelist.", "Q263582": "Vika Jigulina (born Victoria Corneva; February 18, 1986) is a Moldovan-born Romanian music producer, singer, and DJ.", "Q88213": "Peter Jahr (born 24 April 1959) is a German politician and member of the European Parliament from Germany. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.", "Q62812": "Daniel Bahr (born 4 November 1976) is a German politician and member of the FDP. From May 2011 to December 2013 he was Federal Minister of Health.\n\n", "Q91742": "Harry Baer (born Harry Z\u00f6ttl on 27 September 1947) is a German actor, producer and author, best known for his work with director Rainer Werner Fassbinder. He has also been credited as Harry B\u00e4r.", "Q45275": "Georg Kreisler (18 July 1922 \u2013 22 November 2011) was an Austrian\u2013American Viennese-language cabarettist, satirist, composer, and author. He was particularly popular in the 1950s and 1960s. From 2007 he lived in Salzburg, Austria, with his fourth wife, Barbara Peters. He died there on 22 November 2011 \"after a severe infection,\" according to his wife Barbara.\n\n", "Q291714": "Teresa Rabal (born 1952) is a Spanish actress and television presenter. The daughter of actors Francisco Rabal and Asunci\u00f3n Balaguer, she first appeared as child actor before going on to star in several 1970s films as an adult.", "Q313717": "Ivanoe Bonomi [i\u02c8va\u02d0noe bo\u02c8n\u0254\u02d0mi] (18 October 1873 \u2013 20 April 1951) was an Italian statesman before and after World War II and ruled Italy as the 25th Prime Minister of Italy.\nBonomi was born in Mantua, Italy. He was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies in 1909, representing Mantua as a member of the Italian Socialist Party. He was among those expelled from the party in 1912, for his advocacy of reformism and moderation, as well as his support for the Italian invasion of Libya. Bonomi joined the Italian Reformist Socialist Party, and supported Italy's participation in World War I on the side of the Triple Entente.\nBonomi served as Minister of Public Works from 1916 until 1917, and as Minister of War from 1920 until 1921 - helping to negotiate a treaty with Yugoslavia (the Treaty of Rapallo). Later in 1921 he became Treasury Minister. A few months later, he became Prime Minister of Italy for the first time, in a coalition government\u2014the first socialist to hold the post. Early in 1922, his government collapsed, and he was replaced as Prime Minister by Luigi Facta, amidst the Fascist insurgency led by Benito Mussolini. In October 1922, Mussolini gained power through the March on Rome, and Bonomi withdrew from politics.\nIn 1940, Bonomi joined an anti-Fascist movement. By 1943, when Mussolini was deposed, Bonomi had become a leader of the group. In June 1944, when Rome was taken by the Allies, he replaced Badoglio as Prime Minister of the new Italian government. He led Italy as the country was being gained from the Fascist Italian Social Republic and the Nazi German occupiers, and helped the country's transition to democracy.\nNumerous reforms in social security were made during Bonomi's time as prime minister. A law of 18 January 1945 introduced survivors\u2019 pensions within the INPS general scheme, based on previous contributions and insurance years, while a law of 1 March 1945 established a Social Insurance Supplementation Fund within INPS, which augmented the payments to people with lower pensions.Bonomi came near to resignation in November 1944 over war strategy, but stayed on as Prime Minister at the urging of the British government of Winston Churchill. He remained Prime Minister until 1945, by which time World War II in Europe had ended, and stayed active in the Italian government after that moment, serving on the Constituent Assembly's committee on treaties, and also representing Italy in councils of foreign ministers until 1946. In 1948, he became President of the Italian Senate, and served in that position until his death.\nAfter having been a founding member of the Labour Democratic Party in 1943, he later joined in 1947 the Italian Democratic Socialist Party, of which he was honorary chairman until his death.\nHe died on 20 April 1951 in Rome, aged 77.", "Q48989": "Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (German pronunciation: [\u02cctsva\u026a\u032ft\u0259s\u02ccd\u0254\u028f\u032ft\u0283\u0259s\u02c8f\u025b\u0250\u032fnze\u02d0n]; English: Second German Television), usually shortened to ZDF ([\u02ccts\u025b.te\u02d0.\u02c8\u0294\u025bf], stylized as 2DF), is a German public-service television broadcaster based in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate. It is run as an independent nonprofit institution, which was founded by all federal states of Germany (Bundesl\u00e4nder). ZDF is financed by television licence fees and advertising revenues.The broadcaster is well known for its famous programmes heute, a newscast established in 1963, and Wetten, dass..? an entertainment show that premiered in 1981, and ended in 2014. Thomas Bellut, ZDF's director general, was elected by the ZDF Television Council in 2011.", "Q738765": "Murat Belge (born March 16, 1943) is a Turkish academic, translator, literary critic, columnist, civil rights activist, and occasional tour guide.\n\n", "Q540672": "Auburn University (AU or Auburn) is a public research and land-grant university in Auburn, Alabama. With more than 23,000 undergraduate students and a total enrollment of more than 30,000 with 1,260 faculty members, Auburn is the second largest university in Alabama. It is one of the state's two public flagship universities. The university is classified as an R1: Doctoral Research\u2014Very High Research Activity by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.Auburn was chartered on February 1, 1856, as East Alabama Male College, a private liberal arts school affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. In 1872, under the Morrill Act, it became the state's first land-grant university and was renamed as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama. In 1892, it became the first four-year coeducational school in Alabama, and in 1899 was renamed Alabama Polytechnic Institute (API) to reflect its changing mission. In 1960, its name was changed to Auburn University to acknowledge the varied academic programs and larger curriculum of a major university.\n\n", "Q736990": "Terenci Moix (Catalan pronunciation: [t\u0259\u02c8\u027e\u025bnsi \u02c8mo\u0283]; real name Ramon Moix i Meseguer; 5 January 1942, in Barcelona \u2013 2 April 2003, in Barcelona) was a Spanish writer, who wrote in Spanish, and in Catalan. He is also the brother of poet/novelist Ana Maria Moix.", "Q444366": "Dan Schneider (born January 14, 1966) is an American actor, television writer, and producer. After appearing in mostly supporting roles in a number of 1980s and 1990s films and TV shows, Schneider devoted himself to behind-the-scenes work in production. He is the co-president of television production company Schneider's Bakery and made What I Like About You for The WB and All That, The Amanda Show, Drake & Josh, Zoey 101, iCarly, Victorious, Sam & Cat, Henry Danger, Game Shakers, and The Adventures of Kid Danger for Nickelodeon. On March 26, 2018, Nickelodeon announced that it had parted ways with Schneider.", "Q868577": "Helen Delich Bentley (November 28, 1923 \u2013 August 6, 2016) was an American politician who was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland from 1985 to 1995. Before entering politics, she had been a leading maritime reporter and journalist.", "Q463901": "Evangelis or Evangelos Zappas (Greek: \u0395\u03c5\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2/\u0395\u03c5\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u0396\u03ac\u03c0\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2; Romanian: Evanghelie Zappa, 23 August 1800\u201319 June 1865) was a Greek patriot, philanthropist and businessman who spent most of his life in Romania. He is recognized today as one of the founders of the modern Olympic Games, who sponsored the Olympic Games of 1859, 1870, 1875, and 1888 and preceded the Olympic Games that came under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee. These Games, known at the time simply as Olympics, came before the founding of the International Olympic Committee. The legacy of Evangelis Zappas, as well as the legacy of his cousin Konstantinos Zappas, was also used to fund the Olympic Games of 1896.During his youth, Zappas joined the Greek War of Independence (1821\u20131832), achieving the rank of Major and fighting in several significant battles. Following Greek independence, he moved to Wallachia where he had a successful career as a businessman, becoming one of the richest men of that time in Eastern Europe. Aside from being the only major sponsor of the Olympic revival at that time, Zappas's philanthropy also included contributions toward the foundation of several Greek institutions and schools as well as sports and exhibition facilities.", "Q570969": "Hergiswil is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland.", "Q78692": "Karl Wilhelm Philipp, 8th Prince of Auersperg, Duke of Gottschee (German: Karl Wilhelm Philipp F\u00fcrst von Auersperg, Herzog von Gottschee; 1 May 1814 in Prague \u2013 4 January 1890 in Prague) was a Bohemian and an Austrian nobleman and statesman. He served as the first Minister-President of Cisleithania and the first President of the Austrian House of Lords (Herrenhaus).", "Q57671": "Natalia Alexeievna, Tsarevna of Russia (25 June 1755 \u2013 26 April 1776), was the first wife of Paul Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia (future Emperor Paul I), son of the Empress Catherine II. She was born as Princess Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt as the fifth child of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and his spouse Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibr\u00fccken.", "Q142292": "Traffic is a 2000 American crime drama film directed by Steven Soderbergh and written by Stephen Gaghan. It explores the illegal drug trade from a number of perspectives: users, enforcers, politicians, and traffickers. Their stories are edited together throughout the film, although some of the characters do not meet each other. The film is an adaptation of the 1989 British Channel 4 television series Traffik. The film stars an international ensemble cast, including Don Cheadle, Benicio Del Toro, Michael Douglas, Erika Christensen, Luis Guzm\u00e1n, Dennis Quaid, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Jacob Vargas, Tomas Milian, Topher Grace, James Brolin, Steven Bauer, and Benjamin Bratt. It features both English and Spanish-language dialogue. \n20th Century Fox, the original financiers of the film, demanded that Harrison Ford play a leading role and that significant changes to the screenplay be made. Soderbergh refused and proposed the script to other major Hollywood studios, but it was rejected because of the three-hour running time and the subject matter\u2014Traffic is more of a political film than most Hollywood productions. USA Films, however, liked the project from the start and offered the filmmakers more money than Fox. Soderbergh operated the camera himself and adopted a distinctive color grade for each storyline so that audiences could tell them apart.\nTraffic was critically acclaimed and earned numerous awards, including four Oscars: Best Director for Steven Soderbergh, Best Supporting Actor for Benicio del Toro, Best Adapted Screenplay for Stephen Gaghan and Best Film Editing for Stephen Mirrione. It was also a commercial success with a worldwide box-office revenue total of $207.5 million, well above its estimated $46 million budget.\nIn 2004, USA Network ran a miniseries\u2014also called Traffic\u2014based on this film and the 1989 British television series.", "Q199496": "Pope John VII (Latin: Ioannes VII; c. 650 \u2013 18 October 707) was the bishop of Rome from 1 March 705 to his death. He was an ethnic Greek, one of the Byzantine popes, but had better relations with the Lombards, who ruled much of Italy, than with Emperor Justinian II, who ruled the rest.", "Q1395011": "The Chalukya dynasty ([t\u0283a\u02d0\u026dukj\u0259]) was a Classical Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. During this period, they ruled as three related yet individual dynasties. The earliest dynasty, known as the \"Badami Chalukyas\", ruled from Vatapi (modern Badami) from the middle of the 6th century. The Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakeshin II. After the death of Pulakeshin II, the Eastern Chalukyas became an independent kingdom in the eastern Deccan. They ruled from Vengi until about the 11th century. In the western Deccan, the rise of the Rashtrakutas in the middle of the 8th century eclipsed the Chalukyas of Badami before being revived by their descendants, the Western Chalukyas, in the late 10th century. These Western Chalukyas ruled from Kalyani (modern Basavakalyan) until the end of the 12th century.\nThe rule of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone in the history of South India and a golden age in the history of Karnataka. The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas. A Southern India-based kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada rivers. The rise of this empire saw the birth of efficient administration, overseas trade and commerce and the development of new style of architecture called \"Chalukyan architecture\". Kannada literature, which had enjoyed royal support in the 9th century Rashtrakuta court found eager patronage from the Western Chalukyas in the Jain and Veerashaiva traditions. The 11th century saw the patronage of Telugu literature under the Eastern Chalukyas.", "Q305175": "K\u014dji Tsujitani (\u8fbb\u8c37 \u8015\u53f2, Tsujitani K\u014dji, April 26, 1962 \u2013 October 17, 2018) was a Japanese actor, voice actor, narrator and director of audiography credited for voicing many anime and video game characters. Tsujitani used to be affiliated with Sigma Seven. He married Kumiko Watanabe in 2012. He died of a stroke on October 17, 2018.", "Q442717": "Robert Hersant (30 January 1920 \u2013 21 April 1996) was a French newspaper magnate. He was a leader in the pro-Nazi youth movement during the Vichy wartime years, but after prison time built a major newspaper empire and engaged in conservative politics. At the time of death he operated he operated 40 publications and employed 8,000 people, but failed in his leap into television.", "Q143198": "Sir Arnold Edward Trevor Bax (8 November 1883 \u2013 3 October 1953) was an English composer, poet, and author. His prolific output includes songs, choral music, chamber pieces, and solo piano works, but he is best known for his orchestral music. In addition to a series of symphonic poems he wrote seven symphonies and was for a time widely regarded as the leading British symphonist.\nBax was born in the London suburb of Streatham to a prosperous family. He was encouraged by his parents to pursue a career in music, and his private income enabled him to follow his own path as a composer without regard for fashion or orthodoxy. Consequently, he came to be regarded in musical circles as an important but isolated figure. While still a student at the Royal Academy of Music Bax became fascinated with Ireland and Celtic culture, which became a strong influence on his early development. In the years before the First World War he lived in Ireland and became a member of Dublin literary circles, writing fiction and verse under the pseudonym Dermot O'Byrne. Later, he developed an affinity with Nordic culture, which for a time superseded his Celtic influences in the years after the First World War.\nBetween 1910 and 1920 Bax wrote a large amount of music, including the symphonic poem Tintagel, his best-known work. During this period he formed a lifelong association with the pianist Harriet Cohen \u2013 at first an affair, then a friendship, and always a close professional relationship. In the 1920s he began the series of seven symphonies which form the heart of his orchestral output. In 1942 Bax was appointed Master of the King's Music, but composed little in that capacity. In his last years he found his music regarded as old-fashioned, and after his death it was generally neglected. From the 1960s onwards, mainly through a growing number of commercial recordings, his music was gradually rediscovered, although little of it is heard with any frequency in the concert hall.", "Q46768": "Maximian (Latin: Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius Augustus; c. 250 \u2013 c. July 310) was Roman Emperor from 286 to 305. He was Caesar from 285 to 286, then Augustus from 286 to 305. He shared the latter title with his co-emperor and superior, Diocletian, whose political brain complemented Maximian's military brawn. Maximian established his residence at Trier but spent most of his time on campaign. In late 285, he suppressed rebels in Gaul known as the Bagaudae. From 285 to 288, he fought against Germanic tribes along the Rhine frontier. Together with Diocletian, he launched a scorched earth campaign deep into Alamannic territory in 288, temporarily relieving the Rhine provinces from the threat of Germanic invasion.\nThe man he appointed to police the Channel shores, Carausius, rebelled in 286, causing the secession of Britain and northwestern Gaul. Maximian failed to oust Carausius, and his invasion fleet was destroyed by storms in 289 or 290. Maximian's subordinate, Constantius, campaigned against Carausius' successor, Allectus, while Maximian held the Rhine frontier. The rebel leader was ousted in 296, and Maximian moved south to combat piracy near Hispania and Berber incursions in Mauretania. When these campaigns concluded in 298, he departed for Italy, where he lived in comfort until 305. At Diocletian's behest, Maximian abdicated on May 1, 305, gave the Augustan office to Constantius, and retired to southern Italy.\nIn late 306, Maximian took the title of Augustus again and aided his son Maxentius' rebellion in Italy. In April 307, he attempted to depose his son, but failed and fled to the court of Constantius' successor, Constantine (Maximian's step-grandson and son-in-law), in Trier. At the Council of Carnuntum in November 308, Diocletian and his successor, Galerius, forced Maximian to renounce his imperial claim again. In early 310, Maximian attempted to seize Constantine's title while the emperor was on campaign on the Rhine. Few supported him, and he was captured by Constantine in Marseille. Maximian killed himself in mid-310 on Constantine's orders. During Constantine's war with Maxentius, Maximian's image was purged from all public places. However, after Constantine ousted and killed Maxentius, Maximian's image was rehabilitated, and he was deified.", "Q1367293": "Brian Pumper (also known as B Pumper; born April 21, 1981 in Hempstead, New York) is an American pornographic actor, rapper, and director.", "Q766": "Jamaica ( (listen)) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Hispaniola (the island containing the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic); the British Overseas Territory of the Cayman Islands lies some 215 kilometres (134 mi) to the north-west.\nOriginally inhabited by the indigenous Arawak and Ta\u00edno peoples, the island came under Spanish rule following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1494. Many of the indigenous people were either killed or died of diseases to which they had no immunity, and the Spanish thus forcibly transplanted large numbers of African slaves to Jamaica as labourers. The island remained a possession of Spain until 1655, when England (later Great Britain) conquered it, renaming it Jamaica. Under British colonial rule Jamaica became a leading sugar exporter, with a plantation economy dependent on the African slaves and later their descendants. The British fully emancipated all slaves in 1838, and many freedmen chose to have subsistence farms rather than to work on plantations. Beginning in the 1840s, the British began utilising Chinese and Indian indentured labour to work on plantations. The island achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962.With 2.9 million people, Jamaica is the third-most populous Anglophone country in the Americas (after the United States and Canada), and the fourth-most populous country in the Caribbean. Kingston is the country's capital and largest city. The majority of Jamaicans are of African ancestry, with significant European, Chinese, Indian, Lebanese, and mixed-race minorities. Due to a high rate of emigration for work since the 1960s, there is a large Jamaican diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The country has a global influence that belies its small size; it was the birthplace of the Rastafari religion, reggae music (and associated genres such as dub, ska and dancehall), and it is internationally prominent in sports, most notably cricket, sprinting and athletics.Jamaica is an upper-middle income country with an economy heavily dependent on tourism; it has an average of 4.3 million tourists a year. Politically it is a Commonwealth realm, with Elizabeth II as its queen. Her appointed representative in the country is the Governor-General of Jamaica, an office held by Patrick Allen since 2009. Andrew Holness has served as Prime Minister of Jamaica since March 2016. Jamaica is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with legislative power vested in the bicameral Parliament of Jamaica, consisting of an appointed Senate and a directly elected House of Representatives.", "Q93141": "Walter F. Tichy (born April 22, 1952 in Bad Reichenhall) is a German computer scientist. He is professor of computer science at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany where he teaches classes in software engineering.\nTo the larger software development community he is best known as the initial developer of the RCS revision control system. However, he has also written highly cited works on experimental software engineering, the string-to-string correction problem, software configuration management, and extreme programming.\n\n", "Q354448": "Charles Leadbeater (formerly known as Charlie Leadbeater) is a British author and former advisor to Tony Blair.", "Q770709": "Blunt trauma is physical trauma to a body part, either by impact, injury or physical attack. The latter is often referred to as blunt force trauma, though it can also result from high-velocity impact. Blunt trauma is the initial trauma, from which develops more specific types such as contusions, abrasions, lacerations, internal hemorrhages and/or bone fractures. Blunt trauma is contrasted with penetrating trauma, in which an object such as a projectile or knife enters the body, though either can prove fatal.\n\n", "Q11630": "Jane Elizabeth Hillston (born 1963) is British professor of Quantitative Modelling and Head of School in the School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Scotland.Hillston received a BA in Mathematics from the University of York in 1985, an MSc in Mathematics from Lehigh University in the United States in 1987 and a PhD in Computer Science from the University of Edinburgh in 1994, where she has spent her subsequent academic career. Her PhD thesis was awarded the BCS/CPHC Distinguished Dissertation Awards in 1995 and has been published by Cambridge University Press. She has been an EPSRC Research Fellow (1994\u20131995), Lecturer (1995\u20132001), Reader (2001\u20132006) and Professor of Quantitative Modelling since 2006. Hillston is a member of the Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science at Edinburgh. In 2018 she was appointed Head of the School of Informatics at Edinburgh, taking over from Johanna Moore.\nJane Hillston is known for her work on stochastic process algebras. In particular, she has developed the PEPA process algebra, and helped develop Bio-PEPA, which is based on the earlier PEPA algebra and is specifically aimed at analyzing biochemical networks. In 2004, she received the first Roger Needham Award at the Royal Society in London awarded yearly for a distinguished research contributor in computer research by a UK-based researcher within ten years of their PhD. In March 2007 she was elected to the fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 2018, Hillston was elected the membership of the Academia Europaea. In 2018 she was a recipient of the Suffrage Science Award for Computer Science. \nShe led the University of Edinburgh School of Informatics in applying for an Athena SWAN Award, which they subsequently achieved silver in. The award shows that the department provides a \"supportive environment\" for female students.\n\n", "Q57665": "Jens Stoltenberg (born 16 March 1959) is a Norwegian politician who has been serving as the 13th Secretary General of NATO since 2014. A member of the Labour Party, he was Prime Minister of Norway from 2000 to 2001 and from 2005 to 2013.\nIn 2011, Stoltenberg received the United Nations Foundation's Champion of Global Change Award, chosen for his extraordinary effort toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals and bringing fresh ideas to global problems.The mission of Jens Stoltenberg as secretary general of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was extended for another two years. Stoltenberg has been responsible for the past five years and is set to lead NATO until 2022.", "Q305161": "Pavel Parfeni (born 30 May 1986), known professionally as Pasha Parfeny, is a Moldovan musician, singer and songwriter. He represented Moldova at the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan, where he placed 11th with his song \"L\u0103utar\". He was formerly known for being the lead singer of the Moldovan band SunStroke Project.", "Q40319": "Henry Gray (1827 \u2013 13 June 1861) was a British anatomist and surgeon most notable for publishing the book Gray's Anatomy. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) at the age of 25.\n\n", "Q273785": "Bridget Powers (born October 11, 1980) is an American pornographic actress with dwarfism. She is often credited as \"Bridget the Midget\" or with the alternate spelling \"Bridget Powerz\". Besides her adult work, she has also appeared in many films in either comedic or dramatic roles, such as Big Money Rustlas, Tiptoes, and S.W.A.T.", "Q262850": "Vera Fyodorovna Panova (Russian: \u0412\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0430 \u0424\u0451\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430; March 20 [O.S. March 7] 1905 \u2013 March 3, 1973) was a Soviet novelist, playwright, and journalist.", "Q14990": "Henry Victor Marie Ghislain, Count Carton de Wiart (31 January 1869 \u2013 6 May 1951) was the 23rd prime minister of Belgium from 20 November 1920 to 6 May 1921. He was member of the aristocratic house of Carton de Wiart, his brother Edmond Carton de Wiart was the Grand Marshall of King Baudouin.", "Q98014": "Minna Cohen Kleeberg (born in Elmshorn, Holstein, Germany, July 21, 1841; died in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, December 31, 1878) was a German-American poet.", "Q263596": "Els Dottermans (born 16 May 1964 in Leuven) is a Belgian actress of stage, film and television.", "Q348061": "Adalberto Santiago is an internationally known Salsa singer.\nSantiago was born on April 23, 1937, in Pozas barrio in Ciales, Puerto Rico was a singer and composer.", "Q87134": "Wolfgang Gl\u00fcck (born 29 September 1929, Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian film director and screenwriter. His film '38 \u2013 Vienna Before the Fall (1987) was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 59th Academy Awards.", "Q53403": "Dwight Filley Davis, Sr. (July 5, 1879 \u2013 November 28, 1945) was an American tennis player and politician. He is best remembered as the founder of the Davis Cup international tennis competition. He was the Assistant Secretary of War from 1923 to 1925 and Secretary of War from 1925 to 1929.", "Q504024": "Nikolai Valentinov (1879\u20131964) was a Russian socialist, journalist, philosopher and economist, a member of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (RSDRP). He was an exponent of empirio-criticism. He was also known as Nikolai Valentinov-Volski and, later, as E. Yurevski.", "Q542071": "Faithless are a British electronica band consisting of Maxi Jazz, Sister Bliss and Rollo. The group is best known for the songs \"Salva Mea\", \"Insomnia\", \"God Is a DJ\" and \"We Come 1\". Faithless recorded six studio albums, with total sales exceeding 15 million records worldwide. The band announced they would split up after their Passing the Baton dates at Brixton Academy on 7 and 8 April 2011. However, in February 2015, they reunited to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the band.", "Q35786": "Petr Ne\u010das (born 19 November 1964; Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8p\u025btr\u0329 \u02c8n\u025bt\u0283as]) is a Czech former politician who served as 9th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic and Leader of the Civic Democratic Party from 2010 to 2013, and as Member of the Chamber of Deputies (MP) from 1993 to 2013.\nBorn in Uhersk\u00e9 Hradi\u0161t\u011b, Ne\u010das earned a doctor of natural sciences degree in physics at Masaryk University in Brno. In 1991, he was one of the co-founders of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS). Becoming an MP in 1993, he served as a member of the Foreign Committee of the Chamber of Deputies and three years later he became Chairman of the Committee on Security. In 2006 Ne\u010das was appointed as Minister of Labour and Social Affairs under the leadership of Prime Minister Mirek Topol\u00e1nek. In the Chamber of Deputies, he was given the nickname Fidel by the communist MPs due to his long filibustering speeches. The 2010 legislative election led to Ne\u010das becoming Prime Minister as the head of a coalition government with TOP 09 and Public Affairs (VV) (later replaced by Liberal Democrats). His premiership was marked by the ongoing effects of the late-2000s financial crisis; these involved a large deficit in government finances that his government sought to reduce through austerity measures. The cabinet led by Ne\u010das pushed through laws on the restitution of the properties of the Christian churches, pensionary reform and reform of the colleges; all of these were deeply unpopular and were much criticized.\nNe\u010das resigned on 17 June 2013, in the aftermath of a police investigation in which his chief of staff Jana Nagyov\u00e1 (now Jana Ne\u010dasov\u00e1), who was also his mistress, was arrested. His resignation opened the way to the 2013 snap election, where his party ODS was marginalized to only 16 seats, the lowest in its history, and sent into opposition.\nHe has been praised for the savings made to rein in the Czech Republic's national debt. His critics often accuse him of corruption and criticise his inability to solve healthcare issues.", "Q1387401": "Trevor Graham Baylis (13 May 1937 \u2013 5 March 2018) was an English inventor best known for the wind-up radio. The radio, instead of relying on batteries or external electrical source, is powered by the user winding a crank. This stores energy in a spring which then drives an electrical generator. Baylis invented it in response to the need to communicate information about AIDS to the \"people of Africa\". He ran a company in his name dedicated to helping inventors to develop and protect their ideas and to find a route to market.", "Q775671": "Aurelio Peccei (Italian pronunciation: [au\u02c8r\u025b\u02d0ljo pet\u02c8t\u0283\u025bi]; 4 July 1908 in Turin, Piedmont \u2013 14 March 1984), was an Italian industrialist and philanthropist, best known as co-founder with Alexander King and first president of the Club of Rome, an organisation which attracted considerable public attention in 1972 with its report, The Limits to Growth.", "Q89119": "Hans Putz (November 17, 1920 in Vienna \u2013 January 31, 1990 in Hamburg) was an Austrian actor. He had a stage career, including working at the Schauspielhaus Z\u00fcrich and the Volkstheater in Vienna; he also appeared in a number of films.", "Q1276": "Leonard Norman Cohen (September 21, 1934 \u2013 November 7, 2016) was a Canadian singer, songwriter, poet, and novelist. His work explored religion, politics, isolation, depression, sexuality, loss, death and romantic relationships. Cohen was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame, the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. He was invested as a Companion of the Order of Canada, the nation's highest civilian honour. In 2011, Cohen received one of the Prince of Asturias Awards for literature and the ninth Glenn Gould Prize.\nCohen pursued a career as a poet and novelist during the 1950s and early 1960s; he did not launch a music career until 1967, at the age of 33. His first album, Songs of Leonard Cohen (1967), was followed by three more albums of folk music: Songs from a Room (1969), Songs of Love and Hate (1971) and New Skin for the Old Ceremony (1974). His 1977 record Death of a Ladies' Man, co-written and produced by Phil Spector, was a move away from Cohen's previous minimalist sound. In 1979, Cohen returned with the more traditional Recent Songs, which blended his acoustic style with jazz, Oriental, and Mediterranean influences. Perhaps Cohen's most famous song, \"Hallelujah\", was first released on his studio album Various Positions in 1984. I'm Your Man in 1988 marked Cohen's turn to synthesized productions. In 1992, Cohen released its follow-up, The Future, which had dark lyrics and references to political and social unrest.\nCohen returned to music in 2001 with the release of Ten New Songs, which was a major hit in Canada and Europe. His 11th album, Dear Heather, followed in 2004. Following a successful string of tours between 2008 and 2013, Cohen released three albums in the last five years of his life: Old Ideas (2012), Popular Problems (2014) and You Want It Darker (2016), the last of which was released three weeks before his death. A posthumous album titled Thanks for the Dance was released in November 2019, his fifteenth studio album.", "Q6519": "Wolf Haas (born 14 December 1960) is an Austrian writer. He is most widely known for his crime fiction novels featuring detective Simon Brenner, four of which were made into films. He has won several prizes for his works, including the German prize for crime fiction (Deutscher Krimipreis).", "Q118822": "Urs Egger (1953 \u2013 2020) was a Swiss film and television director.\nFrom 1974 to 1997, he worked for the Swiss Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung and the Australian Cinema Papers as a correspondent from Los Angeles, responsible for reporting on the film industry. He visited the American Film Institute to become a director.", "Q1632059": "Kieth Engen (5 April 1925 \u2013 2 September 2004) was an American operatic bass who was a member of Munich's Bavarian State Opera for decades. Although his career was based in Munich, he appeared internationally as a guest singer at major opera houses and festivals and performed and recorded many of Bach's Passion oratorios and cantatas, primarily with the conductor Karl Richter. He was born Keith Sheldon Engen in Frazee, Minnesota, and died in Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany at the age of 79. He was given the title of Kammers\u00e4nger in 1962 and was a recipient of the Bavarian Order of Merit. In the mid-1950s he also had a brief parallel career as a pop singer under the pseudonym Stan Oliver.", "Q33491": "Haitian Creole () is a French-based creole language spoken by 10\u201312 million people worldwide, and the only language of most Haitians. It is called krey\u00f2l ayisyen or just krey\u00f2l ([k\u0263ej\u0254l]) by its speakers, and cr\u00e9ole ha\u00eftien in Standard French.\nThe language emerged from contact between French settlers and enslaved Africans during the Atlantic slave trade in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti). Although its vocabulary is mostly taken from 18th-century French, it also has influences from Portuguese, Spanish, English, Ta\u00edno, and West African languages. It is not mutually intelligible with standard French, and has its own distinctive grammar. Haitians are the largest community in the world speaking a modern creole language.Usage of, and education in, Haitian Creole has been contentious since at least the 19th century; some Haitians view French as a legacy of colonialism, while Creole was maligned by francophones as a miseducated person's French. Until the late 20th century, Haitian presidents spoke only standard French to their fellow citizens, and until the 2000s, all instruction at Haitian elementary schools was in modern standard French, a second language to most of the students.", "Q438911": "Gillian May Armstrong (born 18 December 1950) is an Australian feature film and documentary director, who specializes in period drama. Her films often feature female perspectives and protagonists.", "Q160027": "Son Sann (Khmer: \u179f\u17ba\u1793 \u179f\u17b6\u1793; 5 October 1911 \u2013 19 December 2000) was a Cambodian politician and anti-communist resistance leader who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Cambodia (1967\u201368) and later as President of the National Assembly (1993). A devout Buddhist, he fathered seven children and was married. His full honorary title is \"Samdech Borvor Setha Thipadei Son Sann\" (Khmer: \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u178f\u17c1\u1785\u1794\u179c\u179a\u179f\u17c1\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1792\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17b8 \u179f\u17ba\u1793 \u179f\u17b6\u1793).\n\n", "Q772678": "King Zakarine (Lao: \u0eaa\u0eb1\u0e81\u0ea3\u0eb4\u0e99\u0e97\u0ea3\u0ecc; also known as Sakkarin, Sakharine, Sackarine, Zackarine and Zacharine; originally Kham Souk, Lao: \u0e84\u0eb3\u0eaa\u0eb8\u0e81; full name: Samdach Brhat Chao Maha Sri Vitha Lan Xang Hom Khao Luang Prabang Parama Sidha Khattiya Suriya Varman Brhat Maha Sri Sakarindra, Lao: \u0eaa\u0ebb\u0ea1\u0ec0\u0e94\u0eb1\u0e88\u0e9e\u0ea3\u0eb0\u0ec0\u0e88\u0ebb\u0ec9\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0eb0\u0eab\u0eb2\u0ea7\u0eb4\u0e95\u0ea5\u0ec9\u0eb2\u0e99\u0e8a\u0ec9\u0eb2\u0e87\u0eae\u0ebb\u0ec8\u0ea1\u0e82\u0eb2\u0ea7\n\u0eab\u0ea5\u0ea7\u0e87\u0e9e\u0ea3\u0eb0\u0e9a\u0eb2\u0e87 \u0e9b\u0ea3\u0ea1\u0eb0\u0eaa\u0eb4\u0e97\u0eb0\u0e82\u0eb1\u0e95\u0eb4\u0e8d\u0eb0\u0eaa\u0eb8\u0ea3\u0eb4\u0e8d\u0eb0\u0ea7\u0ecd\u0ea3\u0ea1\u0eb1\u0e99 \u0e9e\u0ea3\u0eb0\u0ea1\u0eab\u0eb2\u0e8a\u0eb4\u0ea7\u0eb4\u0e95 \u0eaa\u0eb5\u0eaa\u0eb1\u0e81\u0eb0\u0ea3\u0eb4\u0e99\u0e97\u0ea3\u0ecc) (16 July 1840 \u2013 25 March 1904) was the King of Luang Prabang from 1895 to 1904.", "Q55714": "Tibor Czorba (1906 in Szepesv\u00e1ralja \u2013 September 5, 1985 in Warsaw) was a Hungarian artist.\nIn 1929 he completed art school in Budapest and in 1938 at PIRR in Warsaw, Poland. In 1944 he earned a doctorate in philosophy at the University of Budapest.\nCzorba traveled a lot through France, Belgium, United Kingdom, Bulgaria, and the former Czechoslovakia. He published many works in the field of history and literature in the form of textbooks and dictionaries. His art is found at the Gallery of Modern Art in Krakow, Poland, as well as Washington DC, New York City, and many other Hungarian galleries.", "Q81223": "Michael Garrett Shanks (born December 15, 1970) is a Canadian actor, writer and director. He is known for playing Dr. Daniel Jackson in the long-running Canadian\u2013American military science fiction television series Stargate SG-1 and as Dr. Charles Harris on the Canadian medical drama Saving Hope.", "Q281275": "Leszek Czarnecki (born 9 May 1962 in Wroc\u0142aw) is a Polish billionaire. His main business activity is banking. He is an engineer by education and a doctor of economics. Graduate of Harvard Business School (AMP). Since 2006 he lives in Malta.", "Q255742": "Fearless is a 1993 American drama film directed by Peter Weir and starring Jeff Bridges, Isabella Rossellini, Rosie Perez and John Turturro. It was written by Rafael Yglesias from his novel of the same name.Rosie Perez was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Carla Rodrigo. The film was also entered into the 44th Berlin International Film Festival. Jeff Bridges' role as Max Klein is widely regarded as one of the best performances of his career. The film's soundtrack features part of the first movement of Henryk G\u00f3recki's Symphony No. 3, subtitled Symphony of Sorrowful Songs. The film's screenwriter was inspired to write the script after he was in a car accident. Yglesias began writing the story after reading about United Airlines Flight 232, that crashed in Sioux City, Iowa in 1989.", "Q554175": "Feroze Gandhi (born Feroze Jehangir Ghandy;\n12 September 1912 \u2013 8 September 1960) was an Indian freedom fighter, politician and journalist.\nHe published the newspapers The National Herald and The Navjivan. He served as a member of the provincial parliament between 1950 and 1952, and later a member of the Lok Sabha, the Lower House of India's parliament.\nHis wife Indira Nehru and elder son Rajiv were both Prime Ministers of India.", "Q213717": "O'Hare International Airport (IATA: ORD, ICAO: KORD, FAA LID: ORD), typically referred to as O'Hare Airport, Chicago O'Hare, or simply O'Hare, is an international airport located on the Northwest Side of Chicago, Illinois, 14 miles (23 km) northwest of the Loop business district. Operated by the Chicago Department of Aviation and covering some 7,627 acres (3,087 ha), O'Hare has non-stop flights to 228 destinations in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania as of 2018.Designed to be the successor to Chicago's \"busiest square mile in the world\", O'Hare began as an airfield serving a Douglas manufacturing plant for C-54 military transports during World War II. It was named for Edward \"Butch\" O'Hare, the U.S. Navy's first Medal of Honor recipient during that war. Later, at the height of the Cold War, O'Hare served as an active fighter base for the Air Force.As the first major airport planned after World War II, O'Hare's innovative design pioneered concepts such as concourses, direct highway access to the terminal, jet bridges, and underground refueling systems. It became famous as the first World's Busiest Airport of the jet age, holding that distinction from 1963 to 1998; today, it is the world's sixth-busiest airport, serving 83 million passengers in 2018. In 2015, Chicago had 11.4 million international passengers, while New York\u2019s JFK had 29.4 million and Miami and Los Angeles each had 20.2 million. In the year ending December 31, 2019, O'Hare had 919,704 aircraft operations, averaging 2,520 per day, the most of any airport in the world in part because of a large number of regional flights.O'Hare is unusual in that it serves as a major hub for more than one of the three U.S. mainline carriers: United Airlines (which is headquartered in Chicago) and American Airlines. It is also a focus city for Frontier Airlines and Spirit Airlines.While Terminals 2 and 3 remain of the original design, the airfield has seen radical modernization, and an expansion of passenger facilities in the terminal complex began in 2020, which will remake it as North America's first airport built around airline alliances.", "Q371186": "Oswaldo Enrique L\u00f3pez Arellano (30 June 1921 \u2013 16 May 2010) was a Honduran politician who twice served as the President of Honduras, first from 1963 to 1971 and again from 1972 until 1975.", "Q524492": "Chanoch Nissany (Hebrew: \u05d7\u05e0\u05d5\u05da \u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05e0\u05d9\u200e; born 29 July 1963 in Tel Aviv) is an Israeli auto racing driver now based in Budapest, Hungary.He is a successful businessman, and initially took up motor racing as a hobby. He is the first Israeli racing driver to compete in some of the higher levels of the international racing sports, such as International Formula 3000 and World Series Lights. Nissany is the first Israeli who participated at a Formula One Grand Prix weekend, on his birthday, 29 July 2005, in the first free practice session of the 2005 Hungarian Grand Prix, when he drove at the Hungaroring as one of the official test drivers of the Minardi F1 Team.As of 2019, he is Israel's first and only Formula One driver, although he has not raced in any Grands Prix or participated in any qualifying sessions. He was 6.8 seconds slower than teammate Christijan Albers in Free Practice at the Hungaroring: after spinning the car, he couldn\u2019t take the steering wheel out of his Minardi so he was recovered with the car. His son, Roy Nissany, is also a racing driver.\n\n", "Q2757391": "Freddy Van Gaever (19 June 1938 \u2013 15 December 2017) was a Belgian politician and a member of the Vlaams Belang. He was elected as a member of the Flemish Parliament in 2004 and served until 2007, when he was coopted to the Belgian Senate (2007\u20132010).In his earlier career he was a manager in road haulage and at Delta Air Transport; and in 1984 he created Frevag Airlines. In 1992 he founded VLM Airlines, which he soon sold, and in 2002 VG Airlines, which soon folded.\n\n", "Q166456": "G. Raymond Nye (April 13, 1889 \u2013 July 23, 1965) was an American film actor whose career began in silent era and lasted until the 1950s. He appeared in 111 films between 1912 and 1952.\n\n", "Q97441": "Hasnain Kazim is a German journalist and writer of Pakistani origin. He is a winner of the CNN Journalist Award in 2009.Kazim was born in 1974 in Oldenburg, West Germany, to Pakistani parents whose families had migrated to Karachi from India during the independence of Pakistan in 1947. He was naturalised with German citizenship at the age of 16. From 2009 until 2013 he has been the South Asia correspondent of Der Spiegel and was based in Islamabad. Later he was their Turkey correspondent, based in Istanbul. The Turkish authorities declined to renew his press credentials and connected to that his legal residency, which forced him to leave the country in March 2016.\nHe has written a book in which he describes how his family first migrated from India to Karachi in 1947 and then in the seventies, migrated from there to Germany. Kazim recounts his German, Indian and Pakistani origins and discusses Germany's foreign policy.", "Q545078": "Bernard Holland (born 1933) is an American music critic. He served on the staff of The New York Times from 1981 until 2008 and held the post of chief music critic from 1995, contributing 4,575 articles to the newspaper. He then became the National Music Critic, reviewing concerts, festivals and hall openings worldwide.\nHolland was born in Norfolk, Virginia, and studied literature and philosophy as an undergraduate at the University of Virginia. After studies in piano and composition at the Vienna Academy of Music and the Paris Conservatory he worked as a piano teacher. Before joining the staff of The New York Times, he was a freelance critic and music writer for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette from 1979 to 1980.In 2016, Holland's book, Something I Heard, was published. The book is a collection of essays and reviews from his almost 30-year career.", "Q179576": "Gael Garc\u00eda Bernal (Spanish pronunciation: [\u0261a\u02c8el \u0263a\u027e\u02c8si.a \u03b2e\u027e\u02c8nal]; born 30 November 1978) is a Mexican actor and producer. Garc\u00eda Bernal is best known for his performances in the films Bad Education, The Motorcycle Diaries, Amores perros, Y Tu Mam\u00e1 Tambi\u00e9n, Babel, and Coco, and for his role as Rodrigo de Souza in the Amazon Studios' web television series Mozart in the Jungle. He and Diego Luna founded Canana Films in Mexico City.\nGarc\u00eda Bernal was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for The Motorcycle Diaries in 2005, and in 2016 won his first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Television Series Musical or Comedy for Mozart in the Jungle. In 2016, Time Magazine named him in the annual Time 100 most influential people list.", "Q7161": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Ventura Casas (Catalan: Josep Maria Ventura i Casas, Alcal\u00e1 la Real (Ja\u00e9n), 1817 \u2013 Figueres (Catalonia), 1875), popularly known by Catalans as Pep Ventura, was a Spanish musician and composer who consolidated the long sardana and reformed the cobla, adding instruments to give it its current formation.\nHe is considered the father of the modern Sardana by the profound transformation that he printed to these compositions, based on giving it greater musical extension, in the inclusion of new instruments, especially the tenora (instrument creation of Andreu Turon) from 1849 and its arrangement in the cobla, which will imitate another musical formations of this type. His performance before the Queen Isabella II of Spain in the Monastery of Montserrat together with other artists of the Renaixen\u00e7a consecrated him as a figure in the Catalan cultural world.", "Q311672": "Roger Harry Daltrey (born 1 March 1944) is an English singer, actor and film producer. He is a co-founder and the lead singer of the rock band the Who. He is known for his powerful voice and energetic stage presence.Daltrey's hit songs with the Who include \"My Generation\", \"Pinball Wizard\", \"Won't Get Fooled Again\", \"Baba O'Riley\" and \"You Better You Bet\". He began his solo career in 1973, while still a member of the Who. Since then he has released ten solo studio albums, five compilation albums, and one live album. His solo hits include \"Giving It All Away\", \"Walking the Dog\", \"Written on the Wind\", \"Free Me\", \"Without Your Love\" and \"Under a Raging Moon\".\nThe Who are considered one of the most influential rock bands of the 20th century, selling over 100 million records worldwide. As a member of the band, Daltrey received a Lifetime achievement award from the British Phonographic Industry in 1988, and from the Grammy Foundation in 2001. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990, and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. He and Pete Townshend received Kennedy Center Honors in 2008 and The George and Ira Gershwin Award for Lifetime Musical Achievement at UCLA on 21 May 2016. Daltrey has also been an actor and film producer, with roles in films, theatre, and television. Planet Rock listeners voted him rock's fifth-greatest voice in 2009, and he was ranked number 61 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 greatest singers of all time in 2010.", "Q1700799": "John David Lawson FRS (4 April 1923 \u2013 15 January 2008) was a British engineer and physicist. \nHe was born in Coventry and educated at Wolverhampton Grammar School before going on to St John's College, Cambridge, to study for the short (two year) Mechanical Sciences degree, including a special wartime radio course. He graduated BA in 1943 and then joined the Telecommunications Research Establishment, Malvern, where he was assigned to work on microwave antenna design as part of the ongoing work on development of radar. \nAt the end of the war Lawson continued to work at Malvern, although in 1947 he was made a member of the staff of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE). He undertook experimental work with the new 30 MeV synchrotron.\nIn 1951 he was transferred to the General Physics Division of the AERE at Harwell. Lawson started to work on the klystron, a device for producing high-power microwaves, in a group led by Peter Thonemann who was also in charge of the ZETA (Zero Energy Toroidal Assembly) fusion work. It was through Lawson's association with Thonemann that he became interested in the topic of nuclear fusion.He was noted for his 1955 paper, published in 1957, \"Some Criteria for a Power Producing Thermonuclear Reactor,\" (Proc. Phys. Soc. Vol. 70, pt. 1, no. 445, B, 6-10, 1957), where he presented for the first time to the public his famous criterion: Lawson criterion. \nLawson also worked with the 175 MeV cyclotron and on early accelerator proposals. He remained on the staff of the AERE to 1961, spending 1959-1960 as Research Associate at the W.W. Hansen Laboratories at Stanford where his work included the study of the properties of caesium plasma.\nIn 1961 Lawson was transferred to the newly established National Institute for Research in Nuclear Science, placed very close to Harwell village, an institution shortly to become the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. He continued his work on accelerators and led the project to build the Variable Energy Cyclotron (for AERE Harwell). He had responsibility for building up the superconducting magnet programme and retained an interest in new accelerator concepts. In the 1970s he moved onto the study of very high current beams and in 1977 his book The Physics of Charged Particle Beams was published (second edition 1989), which became a classic textbook on particle accelerators. In 1975-1976 Lawson returned to fusion research with a two-year sabbatical at the Culham Laboratory, working on a design study of a conceptual fusion power reactor based on the reversed field pinch principle.\nHe returned to the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in 1977 where he continued working on free electron lasers and accelerator design, and also played a leading international role in promoting and critically examining ideas for future accelerators. In the early 1980s he recognized the potential that high-power lasers could have for particle acceleration, and set up a small research group in lasers base on the concept of plasma acceleration. He retired in 1987.\nLawson was awarded the University of Cambridge Sc.D. in Physics in 1959 and made a Fellow of the Institute of Physics in 1970. In 1983 he was elected a Fellow of Royal Society for his contributions to the field of applied electromagnetism, in particular the physics of charged particle beams and high temperature plasmas. \nHe is particularly remembered for the Lawson criterion, a general measure of a system that defines the conditions needed for a fusion reactor to achieve net power. Formulated in 1955, it was first published in 1957, in 'Some criteria for a power producing thermonuclear reactor', (Proc. Phys. Soc. vol. 70, pt. 1, no. 445, B, 6-10).\nLawson died on 15 January 2008.", "Q2719798": "Robert William Paul (3 October 1869 \u2013 28 March 1943) was an English pioneer of film and scientific instrument maker.\nHe made narrative films as early as April 1895. Those film were shown first in Edison Kinescope knockoffs. In 1896 he showed them projected. That was about the time the Lumi\u00e8re brothers where pioneering projected films in France.His first notably successful scientic device was his Unipivot galvanometer.In 1999 the British film industry erected a commemorative plaque on his building at 44 Hatton Garden, London.", "Q215366": "Portia Lee James DeGeneres (born Amanda Lee Rogers; 1973), known professionally as Portia de Rossi, is an Australian-American model, philanthropist, and actress. She is best known for starring as Nelle Porter on the American drama series Ally McBeal (1998\u20132002), for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award, as Lindsay Bluth F\u00fcnke on the American television sitcom Arrested Development (2003\u20132006, 2013, 2018\u20132019), and as Elizabeth North on the American political thriller series Scandal (2014\u20132017).She also portrayed Olivia Lord on the American television drama series Nip/Tuck (2007\u20132009) and Veronica Palmer on the American television sitcom Better Off Ted (2009\u20132010). De Rossi is married to comedian, actress, and television host Ellen DeGeneres.", "Q773566": "Francis Herbert Wenham (1824, Kensington \u2013 1908) was a British marine engineer who studied the problem of human flight and wrote a perceptive and influential academic paper, which he presented to the first meeting of the Royal Aeronautical Society in London in 1866. He was the son of a British army surgeon.\nWenham's trailblazing report, \"Aerial Locomotion,\" was published in the Society's journal and reprinted in widely distributed aeronautical publications in the 1890s, including Octave Chanute's \"Progress In Flying Machines\". The paper introduced the idea of superposed wings in a flying machine, a concept that Wenham had tested in 1858 with a multiwing glider, although it did not actually fly. In 1866 he patented the design, which became the basis for biplanes, triplanes and multiplanes that took to the air as gliders in the 1890s, and as airplanes in the early decades of the 20th century. Superposed wings increased the lifting area and avoided the structural problems of excessive wing length. According to some sources John Stringfellow was influenced by Wenham's works or possibly even by his personal communication when creating his steam engine triplane model aircraft, which was demonstrated publicly at the international exhibition in the Crystal Palace in 1868.Wenham first tested superposed wings in 1866 with a model that resembled a Venetian blind. He tried several variants with some success, then decided to build a machine which could support a man. He tested it in the evening in a strong breeze. He was taken by surprise when, as he wrote, \"A sudden gust caught up the experimenter, who was carried some distance from the ground\". A monoplane attempt that same year was inconsequential (Flying Machines, 1911).In 1871 Wenham and colleague John Browning designed and constructed what was probably the world's first wind tunnel. Their experiments showed that high aspect ratio wings\u2014long and narrow\u2014had a better lift-to-drag ratio than short stubby wings with the same lifting area. Writing about his work, Wenham may have been the first scientist to use the word \"aeroplane\".Aviation writer Carroll Gray says Wenham's work may have been an important influence on the Wright brothers:\n\nIt is striking to note that at least four significant aerial vehicle design elements suggested by Wenham in 1866 can be seen on the series of successful Wright gliders and on the 1903 Wright Flyer: 1) superimposed wings, 2) vertical upright supports between the superimposed wings, 3) the prone position of the operator, as in Wenham's design with superimposed wings, and 4) that turning in flight ought be accomplished by means of generating more lift on one side of the aerial vehicle than on the other, rather than through the use of a simple rudder. It is also important to restate that Wenham's paper \"Aerial Locomotion\" was readily available to Wilbur Wright (as well as to Orville) in the 1895 \"Aeronautical Annual\" which the Smithsonian Institution recommended to Wilbur Wright in June 1899 (along with other aeronautical reading material), and which he soon thereafter obtained and read.\nAeronautics was Wenham's \"spare time\" pursuit. In his regular career he designed marine engines, ship's propellers, gas and hot air engines, and high pressure boilers. As an inventor of hot air engines, Wenham followed the principles of George Cayley. He also invented the Wenham gas lamp, which enjoyed a decade or two of popularity before being displaced by electric incandescent lighting. Wenham was highly skilled in the use of microscopes. He published many papers on the subject and designed stands, objective lenses and prisms, fabricating some of the latter himself. He was important in the history of photography, having given Francis Frith invaluable assistance in producing his 1856 photographs in Egypt.", "Q710943": "Cassius Jackson Keyser (15 May 1862 \u2013 8 May 1947) was an American mathematician of pronounced philosophical inclinations.", "Q21": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north. The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight. It is the largest country of the British Isles.\nThe area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula, who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law \u2013 the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world \u2013 developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation.England's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north (for example, the Lake District and Pennines) and in the west (for example, Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills). The capital is London, which has the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and, prior to Brexit, the European Union. England's population of over 55 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, largely concentrated around London, the South East, and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East, and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century.The Kingdom of England \u2013 which after 1535 included Wales \u2013 ceased being a separate sovereign state on 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland (through another Act of Union) to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.", "Q422949": "Elena Altieri (born Elena Capucci) (27 July 1916 \u2013 1 May 1997) was an Italian film and stage actress. She appeared in 27 films between 1937 and 1955. She was born in Stresa, the daughter of an Italian father and an English mother. She was mainly cast, both on stage and in films, in roles of haughty and aristocratic women.", "Q237879": "Kalpana Chawla (March 17, 1962 \u2013 February 1, 2003) was an American astronaut, engineer, and the first woman of Indian origin to go to space. She first flew on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 as a mission specialist and primary robotic arm operator. In 2003, Chawla was one of the seven crew members who died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster when the spacecraft disintegrated during its re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere. Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, and several streets, universities and institutions have been named in her honor. She is regarded as a national hero in India.", "Q172423": "Richard \"Dick\" Gibson (16 April 1918 \u2013 17 December 2010) was a racing driver from England. Born in Bourne, Lincolnshire, Gibson participated in two World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting in 1957. He scored no championship points. He also participated in numerous non-Championship Formula One races.\n\n", "Q1351047": "Michael Grant CBE (21 November 1914 \u2013 4 October 2004) was an English classicist, numismatist, and author of numerous books on ancient history. His 1956 translation of Tacitus's Annals of Imperial Rome remains a standard of the work. Having studied and held a number of academic posts in the United Kingdom and the Middle East, he retired early to devote himself fully to writing. He once described himself as \"one of the very few freelancers in the field of ancient history: a rare phenomenon\". As a populariser, his hallmarks were his prolific output and his unwillingness to oversimplify or talk down to his readership. He published over 70 works.\n\n", "Q239854": "Debra Paget (born Debralee Griffin; August 19, 1933) is an American actress and entertainer. She is perhaps best known for her performances in Cecil B. DeMille's epic The Ten Commandments (1956) and in Love Me Tender (1956) (the film debut of Elvis Presley), and for the risque (for the time) snake dance scene in The Indian Tomb (1959).", "Q1088952": "Coke La Rock (aka Coco La Rock) (born April 25, 1955) is an old school New York City rapper who is sometimes credited as being the first MC in the history of hip-hop.In November, 2010, Coke La Rock was inducted into the High Times Counterculture Hall of Fame at the annual ceremonies at the Cannabis Cup in Amsterdam.", "Q144191": "Marco Tronchetti Provera (Italian pronunciation: [\u02c8marko tro\u014b\u02c8ketti pro\u02c8v\u025b\u02d0ra]; born 1948) is an Italian businessman. Chief Executive Officer of Pirelli & C. S.p.A. since 1992 and Executive Vice Chairman since 20 October 2015 and Chairman of Marco Tronchetti Provera & C. S.p.A., a holding which he controls and which indirectly holds 50% of Camfin S.p.A. (where he was Chairman until December 2013). Camfin, indirectly, holds 41% of Marco Polo Industrial Holding S.p.A., the major shareholder who controls Pirelli & C. S.p.A. Pirelli was sold to ChemChina, a state-owned Chinese company in 2015, however, Tronchetti Provera was retained.", "Q1146597": "Philip Thomas (born 12 February 1965), better known as Cutty Ranks, is a Jamaican dancehall musician.", "Q432582": "Water for Elephants is a 2011 American romantic drama film directed by Francis Lawrence and written by Richard LaGravenese, based on Sara Gruen's 2006 novel of the same name. It stars Reese Witherspoon, Robert Pattinson, and Christoph Waltz.The film was released in the United States on April 22, 2011. It received mixed reviews from film critics and grossed $117 million worldwide for a budget of $38 million.", "Q5776": "Bethlehem (; Arabic: \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u200e Bayta La\u1e25m, \"House of Meat\"; Hebrew: \u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05b6\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd Bet Le\u1e25em, Hebrew pronunciation: [bet \u02c8le\u03c7em], \"House of Bread\"; Ancient Greek: \u0392\u03b7\u03b8\u03bb\u03b5\u03ad\u03bc Greek pronunciation: [b\u025b\u02d0t\u02b0le.\u00e9m]; Latin: Bethleem; initially named after Canaanite fertility god Lehem) is a city located in the central West Bank, Palestine, about 10 km (6.2 miles) south of Jerusalem. Its population is approximately 25,000 people. It is the capital of the Bethlehem Governorate. The economy is primarily tourist-driven, peaking during the Christmas season, when Christians make pilgrimage to the Church of the Nativity. Rachel's Tomb, an important Jewish holy site, is located at the northern entrance of Bethlehem.\nThe earliest known mention of Bethlehem was in the Amarna correspondence of 1350\u20131330 BCE when the town was inhabited by the Canaanites. The Hebrew Bible, which says that the city of Bethlehem was built up as a fortified city by Rehoboam, identifies it as the city David was from and where he was crowned as the king of Israel. The Gospels of Matthew and Luke identify Bethlehem as the birthplace of Jesus. Bethlehem was destroyed by the Emperor Hadrian during the second-century Bar Kokhba revolt; its rebuilding was promoted by Empress Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, who commissioned the building of its great Church of the Nativity in 327 CE. The church was badly damaged by the Samaritans, who sacked it during a revolt in 529, but was rebuilt a century later by Emperor Justinian I.\nBethlehem became part of Jund Filastin following the Muslim conquest in 637. Muslim rule continued in Bethlehem until its conquest in 1099 by a crusading army, who replaced the town's Greek Orthodox clergy with a Latin one. In the mid-13th century, the Mamluks demolished the city's walls, which were subsequently rebuilt under the Ottomans in the early 16th century. Control of Bethlehem passed from the Ottomans to the British at the end of World War I. Bethlehem came under Jordanian rule during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and was later captured by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. Since the 1995 Oslo Accords, Bethlehem has been administered by the Palestinian Authority.Following an influx of refugees as a result of Israeli advances in the 1967 war, Bethlehem has a Muslim majority, but is still home to a significant Palestinian Christian community. It is now encircled and encroached upon by dozens of Israeli settlements and the Israeli West Bank barrier, which separates both Muslim and Christian communities from their land and livelihoods, and sees a steady exodus of those from both communities being driven out.", "Q181434": "Harumi Miyako (\u90fd \u306f\u308b\u307f, Miyako Harumi, born 22 February 1948) is a Japanese singer of enka.\nBorn Harumi Kitamura (\u5317\u6751\u6625\u7f8e, Kitamura Harumi) and Rhee Chun-mi (\u674e\u6625\u7f8e) in Kyoto, she made her debut in 1964. Her popularity has lasted: she makes frequent appearances in the annual television spectacular K\u014dhaku Uta Gassen and has acted in a number of films.", "Q26665": "Wildcats is a 1986 American sports comedy film directed by Michael Ritchie and starring Goldie Hawn, James Keach and Swoosie Kurtz. It is the film debut of Wesley Snipes, Kevin Reeder and Woody Harrelson.", "Q18953": "Peter John DeLuise is an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter, known for his role as Officer Doug Penhall in the Fox TV series 21 Jump Street, and for directing and writing episodes of science fiction television shows, particularly in the Stargate franchise. He is the son of actors Dom DeLuise and Carol Arthur.", "Q380786": "Giovanni Faustini (1615 \u2013 19 December 1651) was an Italian librettist and opera impresario of the 17th century. He is best remembered for his collaborations with the composer Francesco Cavalli.", "Q124922": "Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on events. The word journalism applies to the occupation, as well as citizen journalists who gather and publish information. Journalistic media include print, television, radio, Internet, and, in the past, newsreels.\nConcepts of the appropriate role for journalism vary between countries. In some nations, the news media are controlled by government intervention and are not fully independent. In others, the news media are independent of the government but instead operate as private industry motivated by profit. In addition to the varying nature of how media organizations are run and funded, countries may have differing implementations of laws handling the freedom of speech and libel cases.\nThe proliferation of the Internet and smartphones has brought significant changes to the media landscape since the turn of the 21st century. This has created a shift in the consumption of print media channels, as people increasingly consume news through e-readers, smartphones, and other personal electronic devices, as opposed to the more traditional formats of newspapers, magazines, or television news channels. News organizations are challenged to fully monetize their digital wing, as well as improvise on the context in which they publish in print. Newspapers have seen print revenues sink at a faster pace than the rate of growth for digital revenues.", "Q371019": "Aksel Sandemose (n\u00e9 Axel Nielsen; 19 March 1899 \u2013 6 August 1965) was a Danish-Norwegian writer.\n\n", "Q34261": "Port-au-Prince (, French: [p\u0254\u0281 o p\u0281\u025b\u0303s]; Haitian Creole: P\u00f2toprens [p\u0254top\u0263\u025b\u0303s]) is the capital and most populous city of Haiti. The city's population was estimated at 987,310 in 2015 with the metropolitan area estimated at a population of 2,618,894. The metropolitan area is defined by the IHSI as including the communes of Port-au-Prince, Delmas, Cite Soleil, Tabarre, Carrefour, and P\u00e9tion-Ville.\nThe city of Port-au-Prince is on the Gulf of Gon\u00e2ve: the bay on which the city lies, which acts as a natural harbor, has sustained economic activity since the civilizations of the Arawaks. It was first incorporated under French colonial rule in 1749. The city's layout is similar to that of an amphitheatre; commercial districts are near the water, while residential neighborhoods are located on the hills above. Its population is difficult to ascertain due to the rapid growth of slums in the hillsides above the city; however, recent estimates place the metropolitan area's population at around 3.7 million, nearly half of the country's national population. The city was catastrophically affected by a devastating earthquake in 2010, with large numbers of structures damaged or destroyed. Haiti's government estimated the death toll to be 230,000.", "Q131491": "Brighton () is a seaside resort in the county of East Sussex. It is a constituent part of the city of Brighton and Hove, created from the formerly separate towns of Brighton and Hove. Brighton is located on the south coast of England, positioned 47 miles (76 km) south of London.Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze Age, Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. The ancient settlement of \"Brighthelmstone\" was documented in the Domesday Book (1086). The town's importance grew in the Middle Ages as the Old Town developed, but it languished in the early modern period, affected by foreign attacks, storms, a suffering economy and a declining population. Brighton began to attract more visitors following improved road transport to London and becoming a boarding point for boats travelling to France. The town also developed in popularity as a health resort for sea bathing as a purported cure for illnesses.\nIn the Georgian era, Brighton developed as a fashionable seaside resort, encouraged by the patronage of the Prince Regent, later King George IV, who spent much time in the town and constructed the Royal Pavilion in the Regency era. Brighton continued to grow as a major centre of tourism following the arrival of the railways in 1841, becoming a popular destination for day-trippers from London. Many of the major attractions were built in the Victorian era, including the Grand Hotel, the Hilton Brighton Metropole, the Palace Pier and the West Pier. The town continued to grow into the 20th century, expanding to incorporate more areas into the town's boundaries before joining Hove to form the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove in 1997, which was granted city status in 2000. Today, Brighton and Hove district has a resident population of about 290,395 and the wider Brighton and Hove conurbation has a population of 474,485 (2011 census).Brighton's location has made it a popular destination for tourists, renowned for its diverse communities, quirky shopping areas, large cultural, music and arts scene and its large LGBT population, leading to its recognition as the \"unofficial gay capital of the UK\". Brighton attracted 7.5 million day visitors in 2015/16 and 4.9 million overnight visitors, and is the most popular seaside destination in the UK for overseas tourists. Brighton has been called the UK's \"hippest city\" and \"the happiest place to live in the UK\". Along with Norwich, Brighton was declared one of the UK's most \u2018Godless\u2019 cities.", "Q87915": "Heidelinde Weis (born 17 September 1940 in Villach, Carinthia) is an Austrian actress.", "Q714462": "Hendrik Wade Bode ( boh-dee; Dutch: [\u02c8bod\u0259]) (December 24, 1905 \u2013 June 21, 1982) was an American engineer, researcher, inventor, author and scientist, of Dutch ancestry. As a pioneer of modern control theory and electronic telecommunications he revolutionized both the content and methodology of his chosen fields of research.\nHe made important contributions to the design, guidance and control of anti-aircraft systems during World War II and, continuing post-World War II during the Cold War, to the design and control of missiles and anti-ballistic missiles.He also made important contributions to control system theory and mathematical tools for the analysis of stability of linear systems, inventing Bode plots, gain margin and phase margin.\nBode was one of the great engineering philosophers of his era. Long respected in academic circles worldwide, he is also widely known to modern engineering students mainly for developing the asymptotic magnitude and phase plot that bears his name, the Bode plot.\nHis research contributions in particular were not only multidimensional but far reaching as well, extending as far as the U.S. space program.", "Q2643509": "Indian Americans or Indo-Americans are Americans with ancestry from India. The United States Census Bureau uses the term Asian Indian to avoid confusion with Native Americans, also known as American Indians.\n\n", "Q3049630": "Eko Eko Azarak (Japanese: \u30a8\u30b3\u30a8\u30b3\u30a2\u30b6\u30e9\u30af, Hepburn: Eko Eko Azaraku) is a Japanese horror manga series by Shinichi Koga. It has been adapted into a live action film series with six films, two Japanese television drama series and an original video animation.", "Q74645": "Sektor Gaza (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0413\u0430\u0437\u0430, translated both as Gas Sector and Gaza Strip) was a Russian punk rock band from Voronezh, founded in 1987 by Yuri Klinskikh.", "Q1334754": "George William Harris (born 20 October 1949) is a British actor. His notable roles include Kingsley Shacklebolt in the Harry Potter film series, Captain Simon Katanga in Raiders of the Lost Ark and Clive King in the BBC medical drama Casualty, where he was one of the original cast members. He also played real-life Somali warlord Osman Ali Atto in the 2001 film Black Hawk Down.", "Q232646": "Julianne Alexandra Hough (; born July 20, 1988) is an American dancer, actress, songwriter and singer. She is a two-time professional champion of ABC's Dancing with the Stars. She was nominated for a Creative Arts Primetime Emmy in 2007 for Outstanding Choreography in season five. Her first leading acting role was in the 2011 film remake of Footloose. In September 2014, Hough joined Dancing with the Stars as a permanent fourth judge. Along with her brother Derek Hough (who is a six-time winner of the dancing show) and Tessandra Chavez, she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography in 2015. In 2016, she played Sandy in the live Fox television production of Grease. She was a judge on America's Got Talent for its 2019 season.", "Q1686463": "Jeffrey Lee Pierce (June 27, 1958 \u2013 March 31, 1996) was an American singer, songwriter, guitarist and author. He was one of the founding members of the band The Gun Club, and also released material as a solo artist.", "Q3434404": "Robert Frank Agostinelli (born May 21, 1953) is an Italian American self made billionaire financier who is the chairman and co-founder of private equity firm Rh\u00f4ne Group. Forbes estimates Agostinelli's net worth to be $1.0 billion, ranking him as the 416th richest American. Agostinelli was ranked #124 amongst the richest people in the United Kingdom by the Sunday Times Rich List in 2012 through to 2018 with a net worth of \u00a3689 million. In 2018 Financial News ranked Agostinelli as the 18th richest financier in the United Kingdom.\n\n", "Q979283": "Compton Ignatius White Jr. (December 19, 1920 \u2013 October 19, 1998) was a two-term congressman from northern Idaho. A Democrat, he was elected to the open seat in the first district in 1962 and re-elected in 1964. White left office 53 years ago in January 1967 and is the last from the Idaho Panhandle region to represent the state in Congress.", "Q232120": "Angela Evelyn Bassett (born August 16, 1958) is an American actress and activist known for her biographical film roles, most notably her performance as Tina Turner in the biopic What's Love Got to Do with It (1993), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress \u2013 Motion Picture Comedy or Musical. Bassett has additionally portrayed real life figures Betty Shabazz in both Malcolm X (1992) and Panther (1995), Katherine Jackson in The Jacksons: An American Dream (1992), Voletta Wallace in Notorious (2009) and Coretta Scott King in Betty & Coretta (2013). Her other notable film roles include Reva Styles in Boyz n the Hood (1991), Bernie Harris in Waiting to Exhale (1995), Rachel Constantine in Contact (1997), Lynne Jacobs in Olympus Has Fallen (2013) and London Has Fallen (2016), and Queen Ramonda in Black Panther (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019).\nBassett began her film career in the 1980s, after earning a bachelor of arts degree from Yale University and a master of fine arts degree from the Yale School of Drama. In the 1990s, she appeared in films nearly every year. The 2000s saw a succession of films starring Bassett, with her appearing in at least one film every year. Bassett's success has continued into the 2010s. Bassett earned nominations for her roles in films such as The Score (2001), Akeelah and the Bee (2006), Meet the Browns (2008) and Jumping the Broom (2011) and won awards for her performances in How Stella Got Her Groove Back (1998) and Music of the Heart (1999), among others. Bassett's performance as Rosa Parks in the 2002 film The Rosa Parks Story was honored with her first Primetime Emmy Award nomination.\nIn 2013, Bassett had a recurring role on the FX horror anthology series American Horror Story: Coven, earning her second Primetime Emmy Award nomination for her performance as Voodoo queen Marie Laveau. She returned for Freak Show, the series' fourth season, portraying a three-breasted woman named Desiree Dupree, for which she received another Emmy Award nomination. For the fifth season, Hotel, she portrayed Ramona Royale, a famous movie star. Bassett returned to the series's sixth cycle, Roanoke, portraying an alcoholic actress named Monet Tumusiime, who plays struggling mother and former police officer Lee Harris in the My Roanoke Nightmare documentary, and she reprised her role as Marie Laveau in a guest role in the eighth season Apocalypse. In 2018, Bassett began producing and starring in the Fox first responder drama series 9-1-1, playing LAPD patrol sergeant Athena Grant.", "Q151403": "Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 \u2013 5 February 1881) was a British historian, satirical writer, essayist, translator, philosopher, mathematician, and teacher. In his book On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic in History (1841), he argued that the actions of the \"Great Man\" play a key role in history, claiming that \"the history of the world is but the biography of great men\". Other major works include The French Revolution: A History, 3 vols (1837) and The History of Friedrich II of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great, 6 vols (1858\u201365).A respected historian, his 1837 The French Revolution was the inspiration for Charles Dickens' 1859 novel A Tale of Two Cities, and remains popular today. Carlyle's 1836 Sartor Resartus is a notable philosophical novel.\nA great polemicist, Carlyle coined the term \"the dismal science\" for economics, in his essay \"Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question,\" which remains controversial. He also wrote articles for the Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Once a Christian, Carlyle lost his faith while attending the University of Edinburgh, later adopting a form of deism.In mathematics, he is known for the Carlyle circle, a method used in quadratic equations and for developing ruler-and-compass constructions of regular polygons.\n\n", "Q1115050": "The United States Army Command and General Staff College (CGSC or, obsolete, USACGSC) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, is a graduate school for United States Army and sister service officers, interagency representatives, and international military officers. The college was established in 1881 by William Tecumseh Sherman as the School of Application for Infantry and Cavalry (later simply the Infantry and Cavalry School), a training school for infantry and cavalry officers. In 1907 it changed its title to the School of the Line. The curriculum expanded throughout World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War and continues to adapt to include lessons learned from current conflicts.\nIn addition to the main campus at Fort Leavenworth, the college has satellite campuses at Fort Belvoir, Virginia; Fort Lee, Virginia; Fort Gordon, Georgia; and Redstone Arsenal, Alabama.", "Q959153": "Francesco \u201cFrank\u201d Stallone, Jr. (born July 30, 1950) is an American actor, singer-songwriter and guitarist. He is the younger brother of Sylvester Stallone and wrote music for his movies. His song \"Far from Over\", which appeared in the 1983 film Staying Alive and was also featured in the film's soundtrack, peaked at number ten on the Billboard Hot 100, for which he received Golden Globe and Grammy nominations.", "Q126853": "Edward Judd (4 October 1932 \u2013 24 February 2009) was a British actor.", "Q2332113": "The Adventures of Paddington Bear is a Canadian-French animated children's television series. It is based on the book Paddington Bear by Michael Bond and was written by Bruce Robb. It was produced by CINAR and Protecrea and ran for 117 episodes.\nThe show aired in the United States on the Cookie Jar Toons block on This TV from November 2008 to August 2009. It was also shown on HBO, as of 2017, it now airs on Starz Kids and Family and on Light TV. In 2018, Qubo Channel announced they would start airing reruns of the show beginning October 7th. In 2019, Nick Jr. announced that a remake that is in development. It premiered on January 20th, 2020.", "Q110339": "Adalbert Probst (1900 - 1934) was a Catholic Youth leader in Germany during Nazi period. He was killed during Hitler's 1934 Night of the Long Knives purge. Probst was national director of the Catholic Youth Sports Association. The Catholic Church in Germany had resisted attempts by the new Nazi Government to close its youth organisations. Probst, along with Erich Klausener (head of Catholic Action) and Fritz Gerlich (editor of Munich's Catholic weekly, Der Gerade Weg) were among the high-profile Catholic opposition figures targeted for assassination in the Night of the Long Knives of the summer of 1934, an early effort by Hitler to assert his dominance of German politics through violence. Probst was abducted and later found dead, allegedly \"shot while trying to escape\".", "Q290581": "Xaviera Hollander (born 15 June 1943) is a Dutch former call girl, madam, and author. She is best known for her best-selling memoir The Happy Hooker: My Own Story.", "Q234551": "Beverly Heather D'Angelo (born November 15, 1951) is an American actress and singer, who starred as Ellen Griswold in the National Lampoon's Vacation films (1983\u20132015). She has appeared in over 60 films and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her role as Patsy Cline in Coal Miner's Daughter (1980), and for an Emmy Award for her role as Stella Kowalski in the TV film A Streetcar Named Desire (1984). Her other film roles include Sheila Franklin in Hair (1979) and Doris Vinyard in American History X (1998). She also had a guest role on The Simpsons as Lurleen Lumpkin.", "Q272504": "Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. ONH (17 August 1887 \u2013 10 June 1940) was a Jamaican political activist, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator. He was the founder and first President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL, commonly known as UNIA), through which he declared himself Provisional President of Africa. Ideologically a black nationalist and Pan-Africanist, his ideas came to be known as Garveyism.\nGarvey was born to a moderately prosperous Afro-Jamaican family in Saint Ann's Bay, Colony of Jamaica and apprenticed into the print trade as a teenager. Working in Kingston, he became involved in trade unionism before living briefly in Costa Rica, Panama, and England. Returning to Jamaica, he founded UNIA in 1914. In 1916, he moved to the United States and established a UNIA branch in New York City's Harlem district. Emphasising unity between Africans and the African diaspora, he campaigned for an end to European colonial rule across Africa and the political unification of the continent. He envisioned a unified Africa as a one-party state, governed by himself, that would enact laws to ensure black racial purity. Although he never visited the continent, he was committed to the Back-to-Africa movement, arguing that many African-Americans should migrate there. Garveyist ideas became increasingly popular and UNIA grew in membership. However, his black separatist views\u2014and his collaboration with white racists such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) to advance their shared interest in racial separatism\u2014divided Garvey from other prominent African-American civil rights activists such as W. E. B. Du Bois who promoted racial integration.\nCommitted to the belief that African-Americans needed to secure financial independence from white-dominant society, Garvey launched various businesses in the U.S., including the Negro Factories Corporation and Negro World newspaper. In 1919, he became President of the Black Star Line shipping and passenger company, designed to forge a link between North America and Africa and facilitate African-American migration to Liberia. In 1923 Garvey was convicted of mail fraud for selling the company's stock and imprisoned in the United States Penitentiary Atlanta for nearly two years. Many commentators have argued that the trial was politically motivated; Garvey blamed Jewish people, claiming that they were prejudiced against him because of his links to the KKK. Deported to Jamaica in 1927, where he settled in Kingston with his wife Amy Jacques, Garvey continued his activism and established the People's Political Party in 1929, briefly serving as a city councillor. With UNIA in increasing financial difficulty, in 1935 he relocated to London, where his anti-socialist stance distanced him from many of the city's black activists. He died there in 1940, although in 1964 his body was returned to Jamaica for reburial in Kingston's National Heroes Park.\nGarvey was a controversial figure. Many in the African diasporic community regarded him as a pretentious demagogue and were highly critical of his collaboration with white supremacists, his violent rhetoric, and his prejudice against mixed-race people and Jews. He nevertheless received praise for encouraging a sense of pride and self-worth among Africans and the African diaspora amid widespread poverty, discrimination, and colonialism. He is seen as a national hero in Jamaica, and his ideas exerted a considerable influence on such movements as Rastafari, the Nation of Islam, and the Black Power Movement.\n\n", "Q1302580": "Otto-Werner Mueller (23 June 1926 \u2013 25 February 2016) was a German-born conductor. He was a professor of conducting at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, as well as at the Juilliard School in New York City.\nMueller was born in Bensheim, Germany. At the age of 13, he was selected to attend the Musisches Gymnasium Frankfurt am Main, where he was a student throughout the war. Following the war, he became director of the chamber music department at Radio Stuttgart at age 19, and was on the staff of the Heidelberg Theatre.Mueller founded and conducted an orchestra for families of US military personnel stationed in Germany.He emigrated to Canada in 1951 and worked as pianist, composer, arranger, and conductor for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, and soon began teaching at the Montreal Conservatory.\nAmong his appointments were at the Juilliard School of Music in New York, the Yale School of Music in New Haven, Connecticut, the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison and the Victoria School of Music in British Columbia. At Yale, he was director of the Yale Philharmonia from 1973\u20131987. During his time at Yale, Herr Mueller also spent summers conducting and teaching at the Yale Summer School of Music and Art in Norfolk, Connecticut. Mueller began teaching on the faculty of the Curtis Institute of Music in the fall of 1986, and made his public conducting debut in Philadelphia in April 1987. He served on the Curtis faculty until his retirement in 2013.Some of Mueller's notable students include conductors Maxim Shostakovich,, Rudolf Barshai,, Miguel Harth-Bedoya Alan Gilbert, Alasdair Neale, Robert Hart Baker, Gary S. Fagin, David Hayes, Sarah Ioannides, Paavo J\u00e4rvi, Jahja Ling, Andr\u00e9 Raphel, Richard Rosenberg, Ignat Solzhenitsyn and Ransom Wilson. He was also an opera repertory coach for mezzo-soprano Huguette Tourangeau and soprano Colette Boky.Herr Mueller spoke six languages fluently, and taught himself at least seven other languages, including Japanese. English was his third language, after German and French. \nHerr Mueller played the trumpet in his youth, but lost his \"lip\" while hiding from the Nazi movement during the period of World War II. He had been conscripted into Hitler's SS, but was able to avoid serving. When asked about his thoughts on the Nazi movement, he made it very clear that he was German, and that not all Germans supported Hitler during that era.", "Q89086": "Josef Dvorak is an Austrian therapist, Catholic theologian (scholar of Karl Rahner), author, and co-founder of the Viennese Actionism.", "Q2077391": "Tom and Jerry Tales is a Canadian-American animated television series starring the seven-time Academy Award-winning cat-and-mouse duo Tom and Jerry. Produced by Warner Bros. Animation and Turner Entertainment Co., It is the seventh incarnation of the Tom and Jerry franchise as well as the first Tom and Jerry television series to emulate the original theatrical shorts created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; it originally ran in the United States from September 23, 2006 to March 22, 2008 on Kids' WB.\nJoseph Barbera served as executive producer for the series before his death on December 18, 2006, and received story credit on some episodes of the first season. The series consists of two seasons and 26 episodes, each consisting of three stories (some of them\u2014like The Karate Guard\u2014were produced and completed in 2003 as part of a 30-plus theatrical cartoon schedule aborted after the financial fiasco of Looney Tunes: Back in Action) with approximately the same running time as the original theatrical shorts and focusing on a shared theme between them.", "Q224742": "Frances Drake (born Frances Morgan Dean, October 22, 1912 \u2013 January 18, 2000) was an American actress, best known for playing Eponine in Les Mis\u00e9rables (1935).", "Q66527": "August Joseph Ignaz Toepler (7 September 1836 \u2013 6 March 1912) was a German physicist known for his experiments in electrostatics.", "Q954477": "Giuseppe Ottaviani (Italian pronunciation: [d\u0292u\u02c8z\u025bppe otta\u02c8vja\u02d0ni]; born 12 November 1978) is an Italian trance musician.", "Q237058": "Elvira Lindo (born 23 January 1962 in C\u00e1diz, Spain) is a Spanish journalist and writer.\nAt the age of 12 Lindo moved to Madrid, where she studied journalism at Complutense University of Madrid. She did not get her degree, as she began to work in television and radio as a speaker, actress and scriptwriter. Her first novel was based on one of her fictional radio characters, the madrile\u00f1o boy Manolito Gafotas, who has become a classic of Spanish children's literature. Manolito is the son of a trucker and lives a humble life in the working-class quarter of Carabanchel. The character was the protagonist of several first-person novels written with a solid style that includes humour, irony and sharp social criticism.\nLindo has also written adult novels and plays; she is the screenwriter of the film La primera noche de mi vida, and collaborated with director Miguel Albaladejo on the screenplays for Manolito Gafotas and Ataque verbal. She also adapted the screenplay Plenilunio from the novel by her husband, Antonio Mu\u00f1oz Molina.\nEver since her husband Antonio Mu\u00f1oz Molina was appointed director of the Instituto Cervantes of New York City, Lindo has lived in New York City. She often writes for the Spanish-language newspaper El Pa\u00eds, contributing editorials, and writes freelance work for other magazines and newspapers.\nIn 1998 Lindo was awarded the Premio Nacional de Literatura Infantil y Juvenil (National Award for Children's and Youth Literature) for her book Los trapos sucios de Manolito Gafotas, and she received the Premio Biblioteca Breve for her adult novel Una palabra tuya. Her next book, Lo que me queda por vivir was released on 3 September 2010.", "Q1351866": "Troy Stetina (born November 16, 1963) is an American guitarist and music educator with more than forty rock and metal instructional methods to his credit, and total sales currently over 1 million units. He was the director of Rock Guitar Studies at the Wisconsin Conservatory of Music and writer for GuitarOne magazine, and now teaches independently.", "Q278997": "Big Fish is a 2003 American fantasy drama film based on the 1998 novel of the same name by Daniel Wallace. The film was directed by Tim Burton and stars Ewan McGregor, Albert Finney, Billy Crudup, Jessica Lange, and Marion Cotillard. Other roles are performed by Steve Buscemi, Helena Bonham Carter, Matthew McGrory, Alison Lohman, and Danny DeVito among others.\nEdward Bloom (Finney), a former traveling salesman in the Southern United States with a gift for storytelling, is now confined to his deathbed. Will (Crudup), his estranged son, attempts to mend their relationship as Bloom relates tall tales of his eventful life as a young adult (portrayed by McGregor in the flashback scenes).\nScreenwriter John August read a manuscript of the novel six months before it was published and convinced Columbia Pictures to acquire the rights. August began adapting the novel while producers negotiated with Steven Spielberg who planned to direct after finishing Minority Report (2002). Spielberg considered Jack Nicholson for the role of Edward Bloom, but eventually dropped the project to focus on Catch Me If You Can (2002). Tim Burton and Richard D. Zanuck took over after completing Planet of the Apes (2001) and brought McGregor and Albert Finney on board.\nThe film's theme of reconciliation between a dying father and his son had special significance for Burton, as his father had died in 2000 and his mother in 2002, a month before he signed on to direct. Big Fish was shot on location in Alabama in a series of fairy tale vignettes evoking the tone of a Southern Gothic fantasy. The film received award nominations in multiple film categories, including four Golden Globe Award nominations, seven nominations from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, two Saturn Award nominations, and an Oscar and a Grammy Award nomination for Danny Elfman's original score. The set for the Town of Spectre still remains and can be found in Milbrook, Alabama.", "Q217388": "Anna Gavalda (born 9 December 1970 in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine) is a French teacher and award-winning novelist.\nReferred to by Voici magazine as \"a distant descendant of Dorothy Parker\", Anna Gavalda was born in an upper-class suburb of Paris. She was working as a French teacher in high school when a collection of her short stories was first published in 1999 under the title Je voudrais que quelqu'un m'attende quelque part that met with both critical acclaim and commercial success, selling more than three-quarters of a million copies in her native France and winning the 2000 Grand prix RTL-Lire. The book was translated into numerous languages, including English, and sold in twenty-seven countries. It was published to acclaim in North America in 2003 as I Wish Someone Were Waiting for Me Somewhere. The book received much praise and is a library and school selection worldwide in several languages.\nGavalda's first novel, Je l'aimais (Someone I Loved) was published in France in February 2002 and later that year in English. Inspired by the failure of her own marriage, it too was a major literary success and a bestseller and was followed by the short (96 pages) young adult novel 35 kilos d'espoir (95 Pounds of Hope) that she said she wrote \"to pay tribute to those of my students who were dunces in school but otherwise fantastic people\".\nIn 2004, her third novel, Hunting and Gathering (Ensemble, c'est tout), focused on the lives of four people living in an apartment house: a struggling young artist who works as an office cleaner at night, a young aristocrat misfit, a cook, and an elderly grandmother. The 600-page book is a bestseller in France and has been translated into English as Hunting and Gathering.\nAs of 2007, her three books have sold more than 3 million copies in France. Hunting and Gathering was made into a film in 2007 by Claude Berri, with Audrey Tautou and Guillaume Canet. The adaptation of her first novel, Je l'aimais, with Daniel Auteuil and Marie-Jos\u00e9e Croze, was filmed in 2009 by Zabou Breitman.She has also translated into French John William's novel Stoner.In March 2018, Anna Gavalda appeared in the African media as one of the finalists of the GPLA 2017. She was shortlisted in the Belles-Lettres Category for her collection of short stories entitled Fendre l'armure, that was released in 2017.\n\n", "Q771588": "Taraki Sivaram or Dharmeratnam Sivaram (11 August 1959 \u2013 28 April 2005) was a popular Tamil journalist of Sri Lanka. He was kidnapped by four men in a white van on 28 April 2005, in front of the Bambalapitya police station. His body was found the next day in the district of Himbulala, near the Parliament of Sri Lanka. He had been beaten and shot in the head.", "Q324030": "Le\u00f3n Ferrari (September 3, 1920 \u2013 July 25, 2013) was an Argentine contemporary conceptual artist. During his extended art career (1954-2013), his artworks often protested the Argentinian government, the imperialist west, and the Church. Ferrari is probably most famous for artwork \"Western and Christian Civilization,\" which is a 6 foot, plastic United States fighter jet hanging nose-down upon which a crucified Christ hangs. Ferrari caused protests throughout his career, notably from the now-sitting Pope Francis.", "Q105052": "Beate Hasenau (1936\u20132003) was a German film and television actress. She also worked frequently as a voice actress.", "Q29230": "Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari ([m\u0251rt\u02d0i oi\u028b\u0251 k\u0251le\u028bi \u0251htis\u0251\u02d0ri] (listen) born 23 June 1937) is a Finnish politician, the tenth President of Finland (1994\u20132000), a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and a United Nations diplomat and mediator noted for his international peace work.\nAhtisaari was a United Nations special envoy for Kosovo, charged with organizing the Kosovo status process negotiations, aimed at resolving a long-running dispute in Kosovo, which later declared its independence from Serbia in 2008. In October 2008, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize \"for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts\". The Nobel statement said that Ahtisaari has played a prominent role in resolving serious and long-lasting conflicts, including ones in Namibia, Aceh (Indonesia), Kosovo, and Iraq.Since the death of Mauno Koivisto in May 2017, Martti Ahtisaari is currently the oldest living President of Finland.", "Q312582": "Bernd Alois Zimmermann (20 March 1918 \u2013 10 August 1970) was a German composer. He is perhaps best known for his opera Die Soldaten, which is regarded as one of the most important German operas of the 20th century, after those of Berg. As a result of his individual style, it is hard to label his music as avant-garde, serial or postmodern. His music employs a wide range of methods including the twelve-tone row and musical quotation.", "Q2838": "Oberhausen (, German: [\u02c8o\u02d0b\u0250ha\u028azn\u0329] (listen)) is a city on the river Emscher in the Ruhr Area, Germany, located between Duisburg and Essen (c. 13 km or 8.1 mi). The city hosts the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen and its Gasometer Oberhausen is an anchor point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.", "Q239075": "Michelle Renee Forbes Guajardo (born January 8, 1965) is an American actress who has appeared on television and in independent films. Forbes first gained attention for her dual role in daytime soap opera Guiding Light, for which she received a Daytime Emmy Award nomination. She is also a Saturn Award winner with three nominations.\nForbes is known for her recurring appearances on genre and drama shows such as Ensign Ro Laren in Star Trek: The Next Generation and her regular role as medical examiner Julianna Cox on Homicide: Life on the Street during the 1990s, while building her career with recurring roles throughout the 2000s in Battlestar Galactica, 24, In Treatment, Durham County, Prison Break and her series regular role as Maryann Forrester on True Blood. She has appeared in significant roles in movies such as Escape from L.A., Kalifornia, Swimming with Sharks and Columbus.\nShe starred in the 2011\u20132012 AMC television series The Killing, for which she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. On June 18, 2019 it was announced that Forbes would join USA Network's upcoming action drama series, Treadstone, a prequel to the Bourne franchise.", "Q1193547": "Tulane University is a private research university in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was founded as a public medical college in 1834 and became a comprehensive university in 1847. The institution was made private under the endowments of Paul Tulane and Josephine Louise Newcomb in 1884. Tulane is the 9th oldest private university in the Association of American Universities, which consists of major research universities in the United States and Canada. The Tulane University Law School and Tulane University Medical School are considered the 12th oldest and 15th oldest law and medical schools, respectively, in the United States.Alumni include prominent entrepreneurs, founders, and inventors in technology, medical devices, entertainment, retail, mass media, fashion, and public policy; the President of Costa Rica; U.S. State governors; Federal judges (including a Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court); U.S. Senators; U.S. Members of Congress (including a Speaker of the House); heads of Federal agencies; two Surgeons General of the United States; U.S. diplomats; at least 23 undergraduate Marshall scholars (which ranks Tulane 18th among all universities and colleges); at least 18 Rhodes scholars; at least 12 Truman scholars; 155 Fulbright scholars; prominent screenwriters; Emmy-award winners; Oscar-Award winners; Pulitzer-prize-winning authors; chief executive officers; major law firm partners; university presidents; living billionaires including Ricardo Salinas Pliego; Stanley Motta; David Filo; and Jerry Springer. At least two Nobel laureates have been affiliated with the university.", "Q103423": "Pope Marinus II (died May 946) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 30 October 942 to his death. He has also been mistakenly called Martinus. He ruled during the Saeculum obscurum.", "Q229266": "Thelma Ritter (February 14, 1902 \u2013 February 5, 1969) was an American actress, best known for her comedic roles as working-class characters and her strong New York accent. She received six Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress\u2014more than any other actress in that category\u2014and won one Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical.", "Q70345": "Martisberg is a former municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Martisberg and Betten merged into the new municipality of Bettmeralp.", "Q955769": "Romolo Bacchini, also credited as Bachini (11 April 1872 \u2013 27 March 1938) was a filmmaker, musician, painter and Italian dialect poet, who spent his career during the silent film era.\n\n", "Q3371303": "Paul Gentilozzi (born February 6, 1950 in Lansing, Michigan) is a race car driver and businessman. His non-racing business interests are real estate development, principally developing office buildings for institutions and Government Agencies.\nPrior to his involvement in motor racing, he received his Business Degree from Michigan State University. In 1985 he founded the successful Rocketsports Racing team that has competed in the Trans-Am series, Champ Car World Series and The International Motorsports Association. As a driver he has won five drivers championships and nine manufacturers championships while holding the Trans Am record for wins, poles, top three finishes and prize monies won. With 31 Trans Am wins, the most in series history, eclipsing the record held by Mark Donohue and 11 IMSA wins. He has run a number of different manufacturers including Oldsmobile, Ferrari, Ford, Nissan Chevrolet and most recently Jaguar. Previous to this he was involved in NHRA Drag Racing, successfully driving many Plymouth and Dodge vehicles. In 2009 he formed RSR Racing with his sons Anthony and John Gentilozzi.\nHe teamed up with three other drivers to win the 1994 24 Hours of Daytona, his biggest win as a driver. He and Scott Pruett won the GTS class at the 2002 Daytona 24 hour event. He has fielded Champ Cars for rookie of the year Timo Glock, Alex Tagliani, Mario Dominguez, Antonio Pizzonia and 2004 Star Mazda series champion Michael McDowell, while running three Trans-Am cars for himself, Hollywood advertising executive/racer Tomy Drissi and that year's series champion Klaus Graf of Germany and Television star Craig T. Nelson.\nGentilozzi and fellow Champ Car owners Gerald Forsythe and Kevin Kalkhoven purchased the assets of Champ Car following a financially difficult 2003 season. Judge Frank Otte ruled in favor of the trio, known as Open Wheel Racing Series LLC, over rival bidder Tony George, the chairman/CEO of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and the Indy Racing League. In 2008, the series was acquired by the Indy Racing League.", "Q526468": "Michael Groo Massee (September 1, 1952 \u2013 October 20, 2016) was an American actor. He starred as Funboy in 1994 film The Crow, Ira Gaines in 24, and The Gentleman in the 2012 film The Amazing Spider-Man. He also reprised this role in the 2014 sequel The Amazing Spider-Man 2.", "Q20646833": "7 Days in Hell is a mockumentary directed by Jake Szymanski and written by Murray Miller. The film premiered on July 11, 2015 on HBO and July 8 on HBO Now. The film was inspired by the Isner\u2013Mahut marathon men's singles match at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships.", "Q187737": "Elvis Brooke Perkins (born February 9, 1976) is an American folk-rock recording artist. He released his debut studio album, Ash Wednesday, in 2007. He subsequently toured in support of the album with his band Elvis Perkins in Dearland, composed of Perkins alongside multi-instrumentalists Brigham Brough (bass, vocals, saxophone), Wyndham Boylan-Garnett (organ, harmonium, trombone, guitar, vocals) and Nick Kinsey (drums, clarinet, vocals). The band released its eponymous debut, Elvis Perkins in Dearland, on March 10, 2009.\nThe band formed in Providence, Rhode Island around 2004 when Elvis moved to the East Coast upon completing Ash Wednesday, although the members have been friends and collaborators for many years.Perkins released his third full-length album, I Aubade, on February 24, 2015, on his label MIR. He toured in support of I Aubade in 2015.", "Q333558": "Absurd (Italian: Rosso Sangue, literal translation: Red Blood; also known as Anthropophagus 2, Zombie 6: Monster Hunter, Horrible and The Grim Reaper 2) is a 1981 Panamanian-Italian horror film directed, lensed and co-produced by Joe D'Amato and starring George Eastman, who also wrote the story and screenplay.The film is a spiritual sequel to Antropophagus.", "Q387943": "Tiny Toon Adventures is an American animated comedy television series that was broadcast from September 14, 1990 to December 6, 1992 as the first collaborative effort of Warner Bros. Animation and Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment after being conceived in the late 1980s by Tom Ruegger. The show follows the adventures of a group of young cartoon characters who attend Acme Looniversity to become the next generation of characters from the Looney Tunes series.\nThe pilot episode, \"The Looney Beginning\", aired as a prime-time special on CBS on September 14, 1990, while the series itself was featured in first-run syndication for the first two seasons. The final season was aired on Fox Kids. The series ended production in 1992 in favor of Animaniacs; however, two specials were produced in 1994.\n\n", "Q835": "Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov (Russian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0433\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432, IPA: [m\u02b2\u026ax\u0250\u02c8il \u0250f\u0250\u02c8nas\u02b2j\u026av\u02b2\u026at\u0255 b\u028al\u02c8\u0261ak\u0259f], Micha\u00edl Afan\u00e1s'yevitch Bulg\u00e1kov; 15 May [O.S. 3 May] 1891 \u2013 10 March 1940) was a Russian writer, medical doctor and playwright active in the first half of the 20th century. He is best known for his novel The Master and Margarita, published posthumously, which has been called one of the masterpieces of the 20th century.", "Q425613": "Anna Cruz Lebrato (born 27 October 1986) is a Spanish professional basketball player with the Minnesota Lynx of the WNBA. She plays for Fenerbah\u00e7e, Minnesota Lynx and Spain's national basketball team. She won the 2015 WNBA, the 2017 EuroLeague and the 2017 EuroBasket.", "Q197524": "Zhaoyuan (Chinese: \u62db\u8fdc) is a county-level city within the prefecture-level city of Yantai, Shandong Province, China located on the seashore of the Bohai Sea. Zhaoyuan is well known for its abundant gold deposit and production. In 2002 Zhaoyuan was named \"China's Gold City\" by China's gold association.", "Q124088": "Fritz Platten (8 July 1883 \u2013 22 April 1942) was a Swiss Communist, born in the Canton of St. Gallen to an Old Catholic family [1].", "Q85870": "Wilhelm Guddorf (alias Paul Braun; 20 February 1902 \u2013 13 May 1943) was a journalist and resistance fighter against the Third Reich. He was reputedly a member of the Red Orchestra (Rote Kapelle) resistance group. Guddorf was the editor of the Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag) newspaper.", "Q216082": "The Australian Labor Party (ALP), also simply known as Labor and historically spelt Labour, is a major centre-left political party in Australia. The party has been in opposition at the federal level since the 2013 federal election. The party is a federal party with branches in each state and territory. Labor is in government in the states of Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, and in both the Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory. The party competes against the Liberal/National Coalition for political office at the federal, state and sometimes local levels. It is the oldest political party in Australia.\nLabor's constitution has long stated: \"The Australian Labor Party is a democratic socialist party and has the objective of the democratic socialisation of industry, production, distribution and exchange, to the extent necessary to eliminate exploitation and other anti-social features in these fields\". This \"socialist objective\" was introduced in 1921, but was later qualified by two further objectives: \"maintenance of and support for a competitive non-monopolistic private sector\" and \"the right to own private property\". Labor governments have not attempted the \"democratic socialisation\" of any industry since the 1940s, when the Chifley Government failed to nationalise the private banks, and in fact have privatised several industries such as aviation and banking. Labor's current National Platform describes the party as \"a modern social democratic party\".The ALP was not founded as a federal party until after the first sitting of the Australian Parliament in 1901. Nevertheless, it is regarded as descended from labour parties founded in the various Australian colonies by the emerging labour movement in Australia, formally beginning in 1891. Colonial labour parties contested seats from 1891, and federal seats following Federation at the 1901 federal election. The ALP formed the world's first labour party government as well as the world's first social democratic government at a national level. Labor was the first party in Australia to win a majority in either house of the Australian Parliament, at the 1910 federal election. At federal and state/colony level, the Australian Labor Party predates, among others, both the British Labour Party and the New Zealand Labour Party in party formation, government, and policy implementation. Internationally, the ALP is a member of the Progressive Alliance network of social-democratic parties, having previously been a member of the Socialist International.", "Q104358": "Eleanora Fagan (April 7, 1915 \u2013 July 17, 1959), professionally known as Billie Holiday, was an American jazz singer with a career spanning nearly thirty years. Nicknamed \"Lady Day\" by her friend and music partner Lester Young, Holiday had a seminal influence on jazz music and pop singing. Her vocal style, strongly inspired by jazz instrumentalists, pioneered a new way of manipulating phrasing and tempo. She was known for her vocal delivery and improvisational skills.After a turbulent childhood, Holiday began singing in nightclubs in Harlem, where she was heard by the producer John Hammond, who commended her voice. She signed a recording contract with Brunswick in 1935. Collaborations with Teddy Wilson yielded the hit \"What a Little Moonlight Can Do\", which became a jazz standard. Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Holiday had mainstream success on labels such as Columbia and Decca. By the late 1940s, however, she was beset with legal troubles and drug abuse. After a short prison sentence, she performed at a sold-out concert at Carnegie Hall, but her reputation deteriorated because of her drug and alcohol problems.\nShe was a successful concert performer throughout the 1950s with two further sold-out shows at Carnegie Hall. Due to personal struggles and an altered voice, her final recordings were met with mixed reaction, but were mild commercial successes. Her final album, Lady in Satin, was released in 1958. Holiday died of cirrhosis on July 17, 1959.\nShe won four Grammy Awards, all of them posthumously, for Best Historical Album. She was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1973. Lady Sings the Blues, a film about her life, starring Diana Ross, was released in 1972. She is the primary character in the play (later made into a film) Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill; the role was originated by Reenie Upchurch in 1986, and was played by Audra McDonald on Broadway and in the film. In 2017 Holiday was inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame.", "Q727902": "Sergei Yevgenyevich Treshchov (\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u0432, born 18 August 1958) is a former cosmonaut of the RSC Energia. He spent 184 days in space as a flight engineer of the International Space Station long duration Expedition 5 crew. During the mission Treshchov also conducted a spacewalk.", "Q103437": "Pope Celestine III (Latin: Caelestinus III; c. 1106 \u2013 8 January 1198), born Giacinto Bobone, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 30 March or 10 April 1191 to his death. He had a tense relationship with several monarchs, including Emperor Henry VI, King Tancred of Sicily, and King Alfonso IX of Le\u00f3n.", "Q2171086": "The Royal Institution of Great Britain (often abbreviated as the Royal Institution or Ri) is an organisation devoted to scientific education and research, based in the City of Westminster. It was founded in 1799 by the leading British scientists of the age, including Henry Cavendish and its first president, George Finch, the 9th Earl of Winchilsea. Its foundational principles were diffusing the knowledge of, and facilitating the general introduction of, useful mechanical inventions and improvements, as well as enhancing the application of science to the common purposes of life (including through teaching, courses of philosophical lectures, and experiments).\nMuch of the Institution's initial funding and the initial proposal for its founding were given by the Society for Bettering the Conditions and Improving the Comforts of the Poor, under the guidance of philanthropist Sir Thomas Bernard and American-born British scientist Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford. Since its founding it has been based at 21 Albemarle Street in Mayfair. Its Royal Charter was granted in 1800.", "Q39037": "The Fairly OddParents is an American animated television series created by Butch Hartman for Nickelodeon. The series follows the adventures of Timmy Turner, a 10-year-old boy with two fairy godparents named Cosmo and Wanda. He is constantly at odds with his 16-year-old babysitter Vicky, with whom his parents are oblivious to her malevolent doings against their son. It was produced by Frederator Studios (2001\u20132017), Nickelodeon Animation Studio, and Billionfold Inc. (2008\u20132017).\nThe series originated from shorts on Nick's animation showcase, Oh Yeah! Cartoons, that aired from 1998 to 2001. It was later picked up as a half-hour series on March 30, 2001, due to its popularity. Originally, it ended on November 25, 2006, totaling five seasons, but resumed production in 2008. Production of the series ceased again after Hartman left Nickelodeon in February 2018.\n\n", "Q70351": "Bister is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.", "Q274161": "Anna LaCazio (born January 26, 1962) is an American vocalist, best known as a member of the American pop rock band Cock Robin. Her father was Italian and her mother Chinese.", "Q117442": "Charles Gabriel Petter (26 March 1880 \u2013 7 July 1953) was a Swiss firearms designer. He is best known as the designer of the Pistolet automatique mod\u00e8le 1935A (also known as the Mod\u00e8le 1935A, French Model 1935A, or M1935A).", "Q64324": "Arni is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the Swiss canton of Aargau.", "Q438124": "Ingram Cecil Connor III (November 5, 1946 \u2013 September 19, 1973), known professionally as Gram Parsons, was an American singer, songwriter, guitarist and pianist. Parsons recorded as a solo artist and with the International Submarine Band, the Byrds and the Flying Burrito Brothers. He popularized what he called \"Cosmic American Music\", a hybrid of country, rhythm and blues, soul, folk, and rock.Parsons was born in Winter Haven, Florida and developed an interest in country music while attending Harvard University. He founded the International Submarine Band in 1966, but the group disbanded prior to the 1968 release of its debut album, Safe at Home. Parsons joined The Byrds in early 1968 and played a pivotal role in the making of the seminal Sweetheart of the Rodeo album. After leaving the group in late 1968, Parsons and fellow Byrd Chris Hillman formed The Flying Burrito Brothers in 1969; the band released its debut, The Gilded Palace of Sin, the same year. The album was well received but failed commercially. After a sloppy cross-country tour, the band hastily recorded Burrito Deluxe. Parsons was fired from the band before the album's release in early 1970. Emmylou Harris assisted him on vocals for his first solo record, GP, released in 1973. Although it received enthusiastic reviews, the release failed to chart. His next album, Grievous Angel, peaked at number 195 on the Billboard chart. His health deteriorated due to several years of drug abuse and he died in 1973 at the age of 26.\nParsons's relatively short career was described by AllMusic as \"enormously influential\" for country and rock, \"blending the two genres to the point that they became indistinguishable from each other.\" He has been credited with helping to found the country rock and alt-country genres. His posthumous honors include the Americana Music Association \"President's Award\" for 2003 and a ranking at No. 87 on Rolling Stone's list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time.\"", "Q367109": "Count Jan Potocki (Polish pronunciation: [\u02c8jan p\u0254\u02c8t\u0254t\u0361sk\u02b2i]; 8 March 1761 \u2013 23 December 1815) was a Polish nobleman, Polish Army Captain of Engineers, ethnologist, Egyptologist, linguist, traveler, adventurer, and popular author of the Enlightenment period, whose life and exploits made him a legendary figure in his homeland. Outside Poland he is known chiefly for his novel, The Manuscript Found in Saragossa.", "Q195333": "Dean Stanley Geyer (born 20 March 1986) is a South African Australian singer-songwriter and actor who finished third in the 2006 season of the talent show television series Australian Idol, and has had a notable role in the Australian soap opera Neighbours as Ty Harper. He joined the cast of the US show Glee in the 4th season as NYADA Junior Brody Weston and appeared in Terra Nova as Mark Reynolds.", "Q108562": "Gabriele Hooffacker (born February 10, 1959) is a German journalist, journalism teacher and a professor for specifics of media at Leipzig University of Applied Science. Her research interests are online media as well as interactive and participative formats in journalism.", "Q74137": "Caspar Abel (14 July 1676 \u2013 11 January 1763) was a German theologian, historian and poet.\nAbel was born in Hindenburg in der Altmark, the son of a pastor, and gained his theological education in Braunschweig and Helmstedt. In 1696 he became rector in Osterburg, in 1698 at the Johannisschule in Halberstadt. In 1718 he became pastor in Westdorf near Aschersleben where he died in 1763. His son Joachim Gottwalt Abel (1723\u20131806) also became a pastor.\nNote: From 1748 to 1764 he was assisted by Johann Gottfried B\u00fcrger, the father of poet Gottfried August B\u00fcrger.", "Q3568409": "Sir William Baker (5 November 1705 \u2013 23 January 1770) was an English merchant and politician, a Member of the Parliament of Great Britain and Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company.He was the son of John Baker, a London draper. He became an Alderman of London in 1739 and a director of the East India Company in 1741\u20135, 1746\u201350 and 1751\u201353. He was also deputy chairman (1749, 1751\u201352), chairman (1749\u201350, 1752\u201353), Deputy Governor (1750-60) and the 11th Governor (1760\u201370) of the Hudson's Bay Company. He was knighted in 1760.\nHe was MP for Plympton Erle from 1747 to 1768. In 1759 he built a country house in an estate at Bayfordbury in Hertfordshire.He died in 1770. He had married Mary, the daughter of Jacob Tonson, publisher, and with her had 6 sons and a daughter. His eldest son, also William Baker, who inherited and improved Bayfordbury, was also an MP.\nThe community Baker Lake in Nunavut, Canada was named after him.", "Q99281": "Werner Kurt Giesa (7 September 1954 in Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia \u2013 14 February 2008 in Altenstadt) was a German author. Since 1977 he mostly wrote fantasy novels, the majority of them dime novels for Bastei-Verlag. Until his death Giesa wrote more than 800 novels in various genres such as horror and science fiction. His main work was the supernatural mystery series Professor Zamorra, which he wrote under the pseudonym Robert Lamont.", "Q73880": "Marino Moretti (born Cesenatico, Italy; July 18, 1885 \u2013 July 6, 1979) was an Italian poet and author.\nMoretti's mother instilled in him a love of literature. After a failed attempt at an acting career, he began writing poetry; his first work being published in 1903. During his career, Moretti wrote twenty novels, eight books of verses, three book-length memoirs, and many short stories. Among his better known works are The Voice of God (1920) and Widow of Fioravanti (1971). Moretti's home in Italy has been turned into a museum.\n\n", "Q183551": "Waterford (from Old Norse Ve\u00f0rafj\u01ebr\u00f0r [\u02c8we\u00f0r\u0251\u02ccfj\u0252r\u00f0r\u0329], meaning \"ram (wether) fjord\"; Irish: Port L\u00e1irge [p\u02e0\u0254\u027e\u02e0t\u032a\u02e0 \u02c8l\u032a\u02e0a\u02d0\u027e\u02b2(\u0259)\u025f\u0259]) is a city in Ireland. It is in County Waterford in the south-east of Ireland and is part of the province of Munster. The city is situated at the head of Waterford Harbour. It is the oldest and the fifth most populous city in the Republic of Ireland. It is the tenth most populous settlement on the island of Ireland. Waterford City and County Council is the local government authority for the city. According to the 2016 Census, 53,504 people live in the city, with a wider metropolitan population of 82,963.\nToday, Waterford is known for Waterford Crystal, a legacy of the city's former glassmaking industry. Glass, or crystal, was manufactured in the city from 1783 until early 2009, when the factory there was shut down after the receivership of Waterford Wedgwood plc. The Waterford Crystal visitor centre in the Viking Quarter, under new owners, opened in June 2010, after the intervention of Waterford City Council and Waterford Chamber of Commerce, and resumed production. Waterford is also known for being the starting point of Ryanair's first flight, a 14-seat Embraer Bandeirante turboprop aircraft flying between Waterford and Gatwick Airport.\n\n", "Q178085": "The Principality of Zeta (Serbian: \u041a\u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0417\u0435\u0442\u0430; Montenegrin: Knja\u017eevina Zeta) is a historiographical name for a late medieval principality located in the southern parts of modern Montenegro and northern parts of modern Albania, around the Lake of Skadar. It was ruled by the families of Bal\u0161i\u0107, Lazarevi\u0107, Brankovi\u0107 and Crnojevi\u0107 in succession from the second half of the 14th century until Ottoman conquest at the very end of the 15th century. Previously, the same region of Zeta was a Serbian crown land, that had become self-governing after the fall of the Serbian Empire, when the Bal\u0161i\u0107 family created a regional principality, sometime after 1360.", "Q431666": "Y\u014dko Nogiwa (\u91ce\u969b \u967d\u5b50, Nogiwa Y\u014dko, 24 January 1936 \u2013 13 June 2017) was a Japanese actress.\nNogiwa was born in Toyama, Toyama, and grew up in Suginami, Tokyo from the age of three. She graduated from Rikkyo University.In 1973, she married Sonny Chiba, with whom she co-starred in the TV series Key Hunter. They had a daughter, Juri Manase, in 1975, who later became an actress, but divorced in 1994.Nogiwa died from lung cancer on 13 June 2017, at the age of 81.", "Q107889": "Richard Kunze (5 February 1872 in Sagan \u2013 May 1945) was a German right-wing politician known for his anti-Semitism.", "Q89092": "Joseph F\u00fcrst (13 February 1916 \u2013 29 November 2005) was an Austrian-born international film and television actor known for his English language roles in Britain and Australia, after first appearing on the Canadian stage.", "Q822287": "Pierre Louis-Dreyfus (17 May 1908 \u2013 15 January 2011) was a French Resistance fighter during World War II who later served as CEO of the Louis Dreyfus Cie.", "Q366217": "Marcel Janco (German: [ma\u0250\u032f\u02c8s\u025bl \u02c8ja\u014bko], French: [ma\u0281s\u025bl \u0292\u0251\u0303ko], common rendition of the Romanian name Marcel Hermann Iancu pronounced [mar\u02c8t\u0361\u0283el \u02c8herman \u02c8ja\u014bku], last name also Ianco, Janko or Jancu; May 24, 1895 \u2013 April 21, 1984) was a Romanian and Israeli visual artist, architect and art theorist. He was the co-inventor of Dadaism and a leading exponent of Constructivism in Eastern Europe. In the 1910s, he co-edited, with Ion Vinea and Tristan Tzara, the Romanian art magazine Simbolul. Janco was a practitioner of Art Nouveau, Futurism and Expressionism before contributing his painting and stage design to Tzara's literary Dadaism. He parted with Dada in 1919, when he and painter Hans Arp founded a Constructivist circle, Das Neue Leben.\nReunited with Vinea, he founded Contimporanul, the influential tribune of the Romanian avant-garde, advocating a mix of Constructivism, Futurism and Cubism. At Contimporanul, Janco expounded a \"revolutionary\" vision of urban planning. He designed some of the most innovative landmarks of downtown Bucharest. He worked in many art forms, including illustration, sculpture and oil painting.\nJanco was one of the leading Romanian Jewish intellectuals of his generation. Targeted by antisemitic persecution before and during World War II, he emigrated to Israel (Then under British rule) in 1941. He won the Dizengoff Prize and Israel Prize, and was a founder of Ein Hod, a utopian art colony.\nMarcel Janco was the brother of Georges and Jules Janco, who were his artistic partners during and after the Dada episode. His brother-in-law and fellow Constructivist promoter was the writer Jacques G. Costin, known as a survivor of 1940s antisemitism.", "Q1191344": "Northern Illinois University (NIU) is a public research university in DeKalb, Illinois. It was founded as Northern Illinois State Normal School on May 22, 1895, by Illinois Governor John P. Altgeld as part of an expansion of the state's system for producing college-educated teachers. In addition to the main campus in DeKalb, it has satellite centers in Chicago, Hoffman Estates, Naperville, Rockford, and Oregon\nThe university is composed of seven degree-granting colleges and has a student body of 25,000 with over 240,000 alumni. Many of NIU's programs are nationally accredited for meeting high standards of academic quality, including business, engineering, nursing, visual and performing arts, and all teacher certification programs. NIU is one of only three public universities in Illinois that compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the highest levels of all sports, Division I. The university's athletic teams are known as the Huskies and compete in the Mid-American Conference (MAC).", "Q392396": "Bob's Burgers is an American animated sitcom created by Loren Bouchard for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series centers on the Belcher family \u2013 parents Bob and Linda and their children Tina, Gene and Louise \u2013 who run a hamburger restaurant. The show was conceived by Bouchard after he developed Home Movies. Bob's Burgers is a joint production by Bento Box Entertainment and 20th Century Fox Television and syndicated by 20th Television.\nWhile reviews for the first season were mixed, feedback for subsequent seasons has been much more positive. The series premiere, \"Human Flesh\", drew in 9.39 million viewers, making it the highest-rated series premiere of the season and finishing ninth in the ratings for the week it aired. Reruns began airing on Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim in 2013 and its sister channel TBS in 2016. and began airing in syndication on local stations in September 2015.\nA comic book series based on the show, published by Dynamite Entertainment, began in September 2014 and a soundtrack album was released on May 12, 2017.In 2013, TV Guide ranked Bob's Burgers as one of the top 60 Greatest TV Cartoons of All Time. The series has been nominated for several awards, including the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program seven consecutive times, winning in 2014 and 2017.\nThe show has run for nine seasons and has been renewed by Fox for a tenth production cycle. A feature film of the animated television series is in the works and is scheduled for a April 9, 2021 release.", "Q357974": "Julian John Charles Lennon (born 8 April 1963) is an English singer, musician and photographer, best known as the son of The Beatles member John Lennon and his first wife Cynthia.\nHe was the direct inspiration for three Beatles' songs: \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\" (1967), \"Hey Jude\" (1968), and \"Good Night\" (1968). His parents divorced in 1968.\nHe has produced a number of albums starting with Valotte (1984), as well as a documentary film WhaleDreamers on an environmental theme. Lennon has also held exhibitions of his photography.", "Q101546": "Christine Laszar (born 19 December 1931) is a German actress.\n\n", "Q74889": "John Moyer (born November 30, 1973) is an American musician, best known as the current bassist and back-up vocalist for the heavy metal band Disturbed. Taking over in 2004 after Steve \"Fuzz\" Kmak was fired, Moyer has played bass-guitar with the group since their third studio album, Ten Thousand Fists which he played on as a session member, becoming a full-time member around 2005 during the supporting tour for the album. Moyer was also the bassist for the American supergroup Adrenaline Mob, joining in February 2012, and remained with the band until August 2014. He currently plays in Stereo Satellite, Art of Anarchy, and in 2015 he became a full-time member of the band Operation: Mindcrime.", "Q2342386": "The Texas State Cemetery (TSC) is a cemetery located on about 22 acres (8.9 ha) just east of downtown Austin, the capital of the U.S. state of Texas. Originally the burial place of Edward Burleson, Texas Revolutionary general and Vice-President of the Republic of Texas, it was expanded into a Confederate cemetery during the Civil War. Later it was expanded again to include the graves and cenotaphs of prominent Texans and their spouses.\nIt is a popular tourist attraction and colloquially referred to as the \"Arlington of Texas\" because of the notoriety of those interred and proximity to the seat of government.The cemetery is divided into two sections. The smaller one contains around 900 graves of prominent Texans, while the larger has over 2,000 marked graves of Confederate veterans and widows. There is room for 7,500 interments; the cemetery is about half full, after including plots chosen by people who are eligible for burial.", "Q169836": "Jo\u00e3o Pires de Lobeira (c. 1233\u20131285) was a Portuguese troubadour of the time of King Afonso III, who is supposed to have been the first to reduce into prose the story of Amadis de Gaula.\nCarolina Micha\u00eblis de Vasconcellos, in her masterly edition of the Cancioneiro da Ajuda (Halle, 1904, vol. 1, pp. 523\u2013524), gives some biographical notes on Lobeira, who is represented in the Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional (Halle, 1880) by five poems (Nos. 230-233). In number 230, Lobeira uses the same ritournelle that Oriana sings in Amadis de Gaula, and this has led to his being generally considered by modern supporters of the Portuguese case to have been the author of the novel, in preference to Vasco de Lobeira, to whom the prose original was formerly ascribed.\nThe folklorist A. Thomas Pires (in his Vasco de Lobeira, Elvas, 1905), following the old tradition, would identify the novelist with a man of that name who flourished in Elvas at the close of the 14th and beginning of the 15th century, but the documents he publishes contain no reference to this Lobeira being a man of letters. His name suggests he was from Lobeira, in the northernmost limits of Portugal.", "Q100880": "Martin Geck (19 March 1936 \u2013 22 November 2019) was a German musicologist. He taught at the Technical University of Dortmund. His publications concerned a number of major composers. Among the composers in whom he specialised was Johann Sebastian Bach.", "Q428451": "Robert de Wierre de Bonni\u00e8res (7 April 1850 in Paris \u2013 7 April 1905) was a French poet,composer, novelist, travel writer, journalist at Le Figaro and Le Gaulois, and literary critic. He was well acquainted with all literary figures of the period - Guy de Maupassant dedicated his novela La Folle to Bonni\u00e8res in 1882. He collaborated with several composers, notably Vincent d'Indy who set several of his poems and provided the libretto for Indy's op\u00e9ra comique Attendez-moi de, based on his own story Saugefleurie of 1885.", "Q273168": "Susan Orlean (born October 31, 1955) is a journalist and bestselling author of The Orchid Thief and The Library Book. She has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 1992, and has contributed articles to many magazines including Vogue, Rolling Stone, Esquire, and Outside.\nShe is best known as the author of the 1998 book The Orchid Thief, which was adapted into the film Adaptation (2002). Meryl Streep received an Academy Award nomination for her performance as Orlean.", "Q213844": "Judith Malina (June 4, 1926 \u2013 April 10, 2015) was a German-born American theater and film actress, writer and director. With her husband, Julian Beck, Malina co-founded The Living Theatre, a radical political theatre troupe that rose to prominence in New York City and Paris during the 1950s and 60s. The Living Theatre and its founders were the subject of the 1983 documentary Signals Through The Flames.", "Q370313": "Dil Chahta Hai (transl.\u2009The Heart Wants) is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language coming-of-age romantic drama film, marking Farhan Akhtar's directorial debut, as well as his debut as a writer. Starring Aamir Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Akshaye Khanna, Preity Zinta, Sonali Kulkarni and Dimple Kapadia, the film is set in present-day urban Mumbai and Sydney, and focuses on a major period of transition in the romantic lives of three college-graduate friends.\nIn 2001, the film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi. It performed moderately in the urban areas of the country compared to the rural areas, which was attributed by critics to the city-oriented lifestyle depicted in which all the characters are from rich or upper middle class families. Since its release, the film has become a cult classic.\n\n", "Q3550828": "Kyosen \u014chashi (\u5927\u6a4b \u5de8\u6cc9, \u014chashi Kyosen, March 22, 1934 \u2013 July 12, 2016) was a Japanese television host and writer. He also served briefly as a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet of Japan. His real name was \u014chashi Katsumi (\u5927\u6a4b \u514b\u5df3).Born in Sumida, Tokyo, he grew up in Chiba prefecture and dropped out of the Waseda University. Declaring \"semi-retirement\", he then spent most of his time outside Japan, particularly in Canada during the summer, as well as in Australia and New Zealand during the winter in the northern hemisphere, in which he ran his \"OK Gift Shop\" (OK stands for Ohashi Kyosen).\nWhen he resigned in the House of Councillors, \u014chashi was succeeded by Marutei Tsurunen, the first European-descended and openly foreign-born Japanese person to serve in the Diet.", "Q212582": "The Valley of Gwangi is a 1969 American western fantasy film, produced by Charles H. Schneer and Ray Harryhausen, directed by Jim O'Connolly, written by William Bast, and starring James Franciscus, Richard Carlson, and Gila Golan.Creature stop-motion effects were by Harryhausen, the last dinosaur-themed film that he animated. He had inherited the film project from his mentor Willis O'Brien, responsible for the effects in the original King Kong (1933). O'Brien had planned to make The Valley of Gwangi decades earlier but died in 1962 before it could be realized.\nProducer Charles Scheer called it \" probably the least of the movies Ray and I made together.\"", "Q218911": "Zolt\u00e1n F\u00e1bri (15 October 1917 \u2013 23 August 1994) was a Hungarian film director and screenwriter. His films The Boys of Paul Street (1969) and Hungarians (1978) were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. His 1965 film Twenty Hours shared the Grand Prix with War and Peace at the 4th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1969 film The Toth Family was entered into the 7th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1975 film 141 Minutes from the Unfinished Sentence was entered into the 9th Moscow International Film Festival, where he won a Special Prize for Directing.F\u00e1bri wanted to become an artist from an early age on. He studied painting and graduated at the Hungarian College of Fine Arts. He began working in the Hungarian film industry in 1950 as a production designer. He directed his first film Vihar (Storm) in 1951. He became an internationally acclaimed director with his third feature K\u00f6rhinta (Merry Go-Round) in 1956. He continued directing and writing until the early 1980s. After his retirement from the film industry F\u00e1bri taught on the Hungarian University of Theatrical and Film Arts. In his last years he wrote screenplays; they were never made. F\u00e1bri was also the president of the Hungarian Film Artist Union from 1959 to 1981.\nF\u00e1bri's style of filmmaking can be described mainly as \"classical\", using academic techniques of art filmmaking. His greatest influences were the Italian Neorealism and French Poetic Realism. He experimented with narrative and flashback techniques for a while in the 1960s (in his films Nappali s\u00f6t\u00e9ts\u00e9g and H\u00fasz \u00f3ra) and his 1976 film Az \u00f6t\u00f6dik pecs\u00e9t contains some highly surrealist scenes, but overall he never used the mannerisms of modernist film in his works. For this reason the K\u00e1d\u00e1r regime favored F\u00e1bri over more controversial and experimental directors like Mikl\u00f3s Jancs\u00f3. The film won the Golden Prize at the 10th Moscow International Film Festival and was entered into the 27th Berlin International Film Festival.At the 11th Moscow International Film Festival in 1979, he was awarded with the Honorable Prize for the contribution to cinema.He was known as a perfectionist who wrote, drawn and choreographed every scene to the most precise detail months before production began and never improvised anything. His reputation as a rigid, tyrannical director was somewhat contradicted by his friendly and kind behaviour towards the British and American child actors on the set of The Boys of Paul Street.\nF\u00e1bri made nearly all of his films based on literary material (novels or short stories) and wrote the screenplays himself. His constant theme was the question of humanity. Many of his films are set in or around World War II. Two of his frequent collaborators were actress Mari T\u00f6r\u0151csik and cinematographer Gy\u00f6rgy Ill\u00e9s. In 1969 he played the role of prosecuted statesman Zolt\u00e1n D\u00e1niel in his friend P\u00e9ter Bacs\u00f3's cult satire, A tan\u00fa (The Witness) as his sole acting job.\nF\u00e1bri died in a heart attack at the age of 76 in 1994. His legal successor is Peter Fabri (b. 1985).\n\n", "Q191633": "Mangaka (\u6f2b\u753b\u5bb6) is the Japanese word for manga artist. Outside Japan, manga usually refers to a Japanese comic book, and mangaka refers to the author of the manga, who is usually Japanese. As of 2006, about 3000 professional mangaka were working in Japan.Most mangaka study at an art college or manga school, or take on an apprenticeship with another artist before entering the industry as a primary creator. More rarely a mangaka breaks into the industry directly, without previously being an assistant. For example, Naoko Takeuchi, author of Sailor Moon, won a contest sponsored by Kodansha, and manga pioneer Osamu Tezuka was first published while studying an unrelated degree, without working as an assistant.A mangaka will rise to prominence through recognition of their ability when they spark the interest of institutions, individuals or a demographic of manga consumers. For example, there are contests which prospective mangaka may enter, sponsored by manga editors and publishers. This can also be accomplished through producing a one-shot. While sometimes a stand alone manga, with enough positive reception it can be serialized in a weekly, monthly, or quarterly format. They are also recognized for the number of manga they run at one time.", "Q82879": "Miko\u0142aj Zyblikiewicz (Polish: [mik\u0254waj z\u0268bliki\u025bvit\u0361\u0282]; November 28, 1823 \u2013 May 16, 1887; Ukrainian: \u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0417\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447) was a Polish politician and lawyer of Ruthenian origin. He was the two-term Mayor of Krak\u00f3w \u2013 in the then Austrian sector of Partitioned Poland. A street in Krak\u00f3w's Old Town is named in his memory, while his monument stands in front of the City Hall.Some of his achievements included the restoration of Sukiennice, the creation of a \"national Panth\u00e9on\" at Ska\u0142ka, and his campaign towards the renovation of Wawel Castle.", "Q68278": "Arthur Crispien (4 November 1875 \u2013 29 November 1946) was a German Social Democratic politician.", "Q1148431": "James Matthew Dewees is an American musician best known for his work with The Get Up Kids, Reggie and the Full Effect and My Chemical Romance. He has also been involved in other musical projects including New Found Glory, Coalesce, Leathermouth, and Death Spells.", "Q1909207": "Matt Johnson (born 15 August 1961) is an English singer-songwriter best known as the vocalist and only constant member of his band The The. He is also a film soundtrack composer (Cineola), publisher (Fifty First State Press), broadcaster (Radio Cineola), and conservationist/local activist.", "Q528323": "Bernard James Freeman (born March 19, 1973), known professionally as Bun B, is an American rapper and actor. He is best known as one half of the southern rap duo UGK (UnderGround Kingz), a group he formed in 1987 alongside Pimp C. Aside from his work with UGK, Bun B has released five solo albums, including 2010's Trill OG, which received the rare 5 mic rating from The Source.He is also a guest lecturer at Rice University, located in Houston, Texas.", "Q4539839": "Peter \"Petro\" Jacyk (July 7, 1921\u2014 November 1, 2001) was a Canadian entrepreneur of Ukrainian descent and a philanthropist.\nHe was the founder of the Prombank Group of Companies and the Petro Jacyk Education Foundation.", "Q77358": "Paulus Hector Mair (1517\u20131579) was a German civil servant fencing master from Augsburg. He collected Fechtb\u00fccher and undertook to compile all knowledge of the art of fencing in a compendium surpassing all earlier books. For this, he engaged the painter J\u00f6rg Breu the Younger, as well as two experienced fencers, whom he charged with perfecting the techniques before they were painted. The project was very costly, taking a full four years, and according to Mair, consumed most of his family's income and property. Three versions of his compilation, and one later, less extensive manuscript, have been preserved.\nNot only did Mair spend huge sums on his collections and on his projects, he also had a very expensive lifestyle, frequently hosting receptions for the more important burghers of Augsburg. His own income was not sufficient for this, and during many years, he misappropriated funds from the city treasury, with the supervision of which he had been entrusted since 1541. His embezzlements were discovered in 1579, and Mair was hanged as a thief at the age of 62.", "Q236434": "Carol Christine Hilaria Pounder (born December 25, 1952), known professionally as CCH Pounder, is a Guyanese American actress. She has appeared in numerous plays, films, made-for-television films and television miniseries, and has made appearances on notable television series.\nPounder is known for her role as Dr. Angela Hicks in the medical drama series ER (1994\u201397) and Detective Claudette Wyms in the FX police drama series The Shield (2002\u201308). Since 2014, she has portrayed medical examiner Dr. Loretta Wade on the police drama series NCIS: New Orleans.\nIn film, she appeared in All That Jazz (1979), Go Tell It on the Mountain (1984), Prizzi's Honor (1985), Postcards from the Edge (1990), Benny & Joon (1993), Demon Knight (1995), Face/Off (1997), Orphan (2009), Avatar (2009), The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones (2013), and Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019).", "Q807749": "The Barbarian Football Club, also known as British Barbarian FC but usually just known as the Barbarians and nicknamed the Baa-Baas, is an invitational rugby union team based in Britain. The Barbarians play in black and white hoops, though players wear the socks from their own club strip. Membership is by invitation, and as of 2011, players from 31 countries have played for the Barbarians. Traditionally at least one uncapped player is selected for each match.\nThe Barbarians traditionally played six annual encounters: Penarth, Cardiff, Swansea and Newport during their Easter Tour; a game with Leicester traditionally on 27 December and the Mobbs Memorial Match against East Midlands in the spring. In 1948, the Barbarians were invited to face Australia as part of the Wallabies' tour of Britain, Ireland and France. Although initially designed as a fund raiser towards the end of the tour, the encounter became a popular and traditional fixture. Initially played every three years, it has become more frequent in the professional era, with the Barbarians now often playing one of the national teams visiting Britain each Autumn.\nOn 29 May 2011, during halftime of the Barbarians' match against England at Twickenham, the Barbarians and their founder William Percy Carpmael were honoured with induction to the IRB Hall of Fame.A women's team was established for the first time in 2017. Many invitational clubs are based on the Barbarians, including the French Barbarians, Australian Barbarians, New Zealand Barbarians and South African Barbarians.", "Q39989": "Daniel Ronald Cox (born July 23, 1938) is an American actor, singer, songwriter, and storyteller. His best-known roles include Drew Ballinger in Deliverance (1972), George Apple in Apple's Way (1974\u201375), Lieutenant Andrew Bogomil in Beverly Hills Cop (1984) and Beverly Hills Cop II (1987), Richard \"Dick\" Jones in RoboCop (1987), and Vilos Cohaagen in Total Recall (1990). Cox is also active as a musician, performing over 100 times per year at festivals and theaters each year as of 2012.", "Q238419": "Wafa Sultan (Arabic: \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u200e; born June 14, 1958) is a Syrian-American medical doctor, writer, and critic of Islam.\n\n", "Q1744050": "Kjell M\u00f8rk Karlsen (born 31 March 1947) is a Norwegian composer and organist.", "Q66255": "Franz H\u00f6\u00dfler, also Franz H\u00f6ssler (listen ; 4 February 1906 \u2013 13 December 1945) was a Nazi German SS-Obersturmf\u00fchrer and Schutzhaftlagerf\u00fchrer at the Auschwitz-Birkenau, Dora-Mittelbau and Bergen-Belsen concentration camps during World War II. Captured by the Allies at the end of the war, H\u00f6\u00dfler was charged with crimes against humanity in the First Bergen-Belsen Trial, found guilty, and sentenced to death. He was executed by hanging at Hameln Prison in 1945.", "Q314681": "Andr\u00e9-Jacques Garnerin (31 January, 1769 \u2013 18 August, 1823) was a French balloonist and the inventor of the frameless parachute. He was appointed Official Aeronaut of France.\n\n", "Q435366": "Lotte Tarp (14 February 1945 \u2013 24 October 2002) was a Danish film actress. She appeared in 27 films between 1962 and 1990. She was born in \u00c5rhus, Denmark to the Danish composer, Svend Erik Tarp and died in Copenhagen, Denmark.", "Q7923012": "Verve Forecast Records is a record label formed as a division of Verve in 1967 to concentrate on pop, rock, and folk music.", "Q115533": "Rudolf Gn\u00e4gi (3 August 1917, Schwadernau, Canton of Bern \u2013 20 April 1985) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1966\u20131979).\nHe was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 8 December 1965 and handed over office on 31 December 1979. He was affiliated to the Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents (BGB/PAI), which became the Swiss People's Party in 1972. \nDuring his office time he held the following departments:\n\nFederal Department of Transport, Communications and Energy (1966\u20131967)\nFederal Military Department (1968)\nFederal Department of Transport, Communications and Energy (1968)\nFederal Military Department (1969\u20131979)He was President of the Swiss Confederation twice in 1971 and 1976.\nHis name is popularly remembered as the nickname of a Swiss Armed Forces ordonnance item, an olive-green jumper officially named Trikothemd 75, but commonly known as Gn\u00e4gi.", "Q756645": "Valandovo (Macedonian: \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e [va\u02c8\u026band\u0254v\u0254] (listen)) is a town in southeastern North Macedonia.\nThe city is the seat of Valandovo Municipality.", "Q230045": "Tiffani Amber Thiessen (born January 23, 1974) is an American actress. She is known for starring as Kelly Kapowski on NBC's Saved by the Bell (1989\u201393) and as Valerie Malone on Fox's Beverly Hills, 90210 (1994\u201398). Thiessen has also starred in other TV series such as Fox's Fastlane (2002\u201303), ABC's What About Brian (2007), and USA Network's White Collar (2009\u201314), as well as in a number of TV movies, and she has also appeared in several films like Son in Law (1993), Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the 13th (2000), Hollywood Ending (2002), and Cyborg Soldier (2008).", "Q46185": "The bass guitar, electric bass, or simply bass, is the lowest-pitched member of the guitar family. It is a plucked string instrument similar in appearance and construction to an electric or an acoustic guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and typically four to six strings or courses. Since the mid-1950s, the bass guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music. \nThe four-string bass is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest-pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G). It is played primarily with the fingers or thumb, or by striking with a pick. The electric bass guitar has pickups and must be connected to an amplifier and speaker.", "Q3473773": "Sascha Meinrath, an Internet freedom activist holds the Palmer Chair in Telecommunications at Penn State University. He is the founder of X-Lab, a future-focused technology policy and innovation think tank, and promotes the \"Internet in a Suitcase\" effort to create ad hoc mesh wireless technologies. Meinrath founded the Open Technology Institute in 2008 and directed the Institute while also serving as Vice President of the New America Foundation. He is also the co-founder and executive director of the CUWiN Foundation, a non-profit launched in 2000 that aims to develop \"decentralized, community-owned networks that foster democratic cultures and local content,\" and in 2007 founded the Open Source Wireless Coalition, \"a global partnership of open source wireless integrators, researchers, implementors and companies dedicated to the development of open source, interoperable, low-cost wireless network technologies.\" In 2012 he was elected as an Ashoka Global Fellow for leading support for Internet freedom in the United States and around the globe, as well as named to Newsweek's Digital Power Index Top 100 influencers among other \u201cpublic servants defining digital regulatory boundaries\u201d for his efforts to develop open-source, low-cost community wireless networks and his role in fighting Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the Protect IP Act (PIPA). In 2013 Time named Meinrath to the TIME Tech 40: The Most Influential Minds in Tech for his work to protect Internet freedom.\n\n", "Q65774": "Harald Franz Schmidt (born 18 August 1957) is a German actor, writer, columnist, comedian and television entertainer best known as host of two popular German late-night shows.", "Q150047": "Crank is a 2006 American action film written and directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor (in their directorial debuts) and starring Jason Statham, Amy Smart and Jose Pablo Cantillo. The plot centres on a British hitman in Los Angeles named Chev Chelios who is poisoned and must keep his adrenaline flowing constantly in order to keep himself alive. He does so by various methods including taking drugs and getting into fights, while he tries to track down the man who poisoned him. The title of the film comes from the slang word for methamphetamine.\nThe film was followed by a sequel, titled Crank: High Voltage, in 2009.", "Q431128": "David Helfgott (born 19 May 1947) is an Australian concert pianist. Helfgott's life inspired the Academy Award-winning film Shine, in which he was portrayed by actors Geoffrey Rush, Noah Taylor and Alex Rafalowicz.", "Q331401": "Rex Wayne Tillerson (born March 23, 1952) is an American engineer and energy executive who served as the 69th United States Secretary of State from February 1, 2017, to March 31, 2018, under President Donald Trump. Prior to joining the Trump administration, Tillerson was chairman and chief executive officer of ExxonMobil, holding that position from 2006 until 2017.\nTillerson began his career as a civil engineer with Exxon in 1975 after graduating with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin. By 1989 he had become general manager of the Exxon USA central production division. In 1995 he became president of Exxon Yemen Inc. and Esso Exploration and Production Khorat Inc. In 2006 Tillerson was elected chair and chief executive of Exxon, the world's sixth largest company by revenue. Tillerson retired from Exxon effective January 1, 2017. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.Tillerson is a long-time volunteer with the Boy Scouts of America and earned the rank of Eagle Scout. From 2010 to 2012, he was the national president of the Boy Scouts, its highest non-executive position. He is a long-time contributor to Republican campaigns, but did not donate to Donald Trump's presidential campaign. In 2014, Tillerson, who had made business deals on behalf of Exxon with Russia, opposed the sanctions against Russia. He has previously been the director of the joint United States-Russia oil company Exxon Neftegas.Tillerson became Secretary of State on February 1, 2017. An unconventional choice for the role, Tillerson's tenure was characterized by a lack of visibility in comparison to his predecessors in the traditionally high-profile position of Secretary of State. During Tillerson's tenure, new applications to work for the Foreign Service fell by 50%, and 60% of high-ranking career diplomats in the State Department resigned. After their relationship deteriorated, Trump dismissed Tillerson in March 2018, making his tenure one of the shortest in recent history. Tillerson was replaced by CIA Director Mike Pompeo.", "Q235115": "Maria Esteves de Medeiros Victorino de Almeida, DamSE (born 19 August 1965), known as Maria de Medeiros (Portuguese pronunciation: [m\u0250\u02c8\u027ei\u0250 \u00f0\u0268 m\u0268\u02c8\u00f0\u0250j\u027eu\u0283]), is a Portuguese actress, director, and singer who has been involved in both European and American film productions. She is best known internationally for playing Fabienne in Quentin Tarantino's 1994 film Pulp Fiction.", "Q482484": "An Phoblacht (Irish pronunciation: [\u0259n\u02e0 \u02c8f\u02e0\u0254b\u02e0l\u02e0\u0259xt\u032a\u02e0]; English: The Republic) was a weekly, and later monthly newspaper published by Sinn F\u00e9in in Ireland. From early 2018 An Phoblacht will move to a magazine format while remaining an online news platform. Editorially the paper took a left-wing, Irish republican position and was supportive of the Northern Ireland peace process. Along with covering Irish political and trade union issues the newspaper frequently featured interviews with celebrities, musicians, artists, intellectuals and international activists. The paper sold an average of up to 15,000 copies every week. During the 1981 Irish hunger strike its sales soared to over 70,000 per week. It was the first Irish paper to provide an edition online and currently has in excess of 100,000 website hits per week.", "Q296872": "Sir Barry Alan Crompton Gibb (born 1 September 1946) is a British-American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer who rose to worldwide fame as a co-founder of the group the Bee Gees, one of the most commercially successful groups in the history of popular music. With his younger brothers, twins Robin and Maurice Gibb, he formed a songwriting partnership beginning in 1955.\nBorn in Douglas on the Isle of Man, he was raised in Manchester where he became involved in the skiffle craze, forming his first band, the Rattlesnakes, which evolved into the Bee Gees in 1960 after the Gibb family had moved to Redcliffe, Queensland, Australia. They returned to England where they achieved worldwide fame. Well known for his wide vocal range, Gibb's most notable vocal trait is a far-reaching high-pitched falsetto. Gibb shares the record with John Lennon and Paul McCartney for consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number ones as a writer with six. In total, he has written or co-written sixteen Billboard Hot 100 number ones. Guinness World Records lists Gibb as the second most successful songwriter in history behind Paul McCartney. \nGibb's career has spanned over sixty years. In 1994, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame with his brothers. In 1997, as a member of the Bee Gees, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and received the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. Barry is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors. In 2007, Q magazine ranked him number 38 on its list of the \"100 Greatest Singers\". Gibb was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2002 New Year Honours for services to music and entertainment and a Knight Bachelor in the 2018 New Year Honours for services to music and charity.", "Q96824": "August Pieper (14 March 1866 \u2013 25 September 1942) was a German theologian and chairman of the People's Association for Catholic Germany. He is the author of several publications concerning theological, social and political issues. Pieper was born in Eversberg (now a district of Meschede), and died in Paderborn.", "Q178913": "The Empire of Trebizond or Trapezuntine Empire was a monarchy and one of three successor rump states of the Byzantine Empire that flourished during the 13th through 15th centuries, consisting of the far northeastern corner of Anatolia (the Pontus) and the southern Crimea. The empire was formed in 1204 after the Georgian expedition in Chaldia and Paphlagonia, commanded by Alexios Komnenos a few weeks before the sack of Constantinople. Alexios later declared himself Emperor and established himself in Trebizond (modern day Trabzon, Turkey). Alexios and David Komnenos, grandsons and last male descendants of deposed Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos, pressed their claims as \"Roman Emperors\" against Byzantine Emperor Alexios V Doukas. The later Byzantine emperors, as well as Byzantine authors, such as George Pachymeres, Nicephorus Gregoras and to some extent Trapezuntines such as John Lazaropoulos and Basilios Bessarion, regarded the emperors of Trebizond as the \"princes of the Lazes\", while the possession of these \"princes\" was also called Lazica, in other words, their state was known as the Principality of the Lazes. Thus from the point of view of the Byzantine writers connected with the Laskaris and later with the Palaiologos dynasties, the rulers of Trebizond were not emperors.After the crusaders of the Fourth Crusade overthrew Alexios V and established the Latin Empire, the Empire of Trebizond became one of three Byzantine successor states to claim the imperial throne, alongside the Empire of Nicaea under the Laskaris family and the Despotate of Epirus under a branch of the Angelos family. The ensuing wars would see the Empire of Thessalonica, the imperial government that sprung from Epirus, collapse following conflicts with Nicaea and Bulgaria and the final recapture of Constantinople by the Empire of Nicaea in 1261. Despite the Nicaean reconquest of Constantinople, the Emperors of Trebizond would continue to style themselves as \"Roman Emperors\" for two decades and continued to press their claim on the Imperial throne. Emperor John II of Trebizond officially gave up the Trapezuntine claim to the Roman imperial title and Constantinople itself 21 years after the Nicaeans recaptured the city, altering his imperial title from \"Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans\" to \"Emperor and Autocrat of all the East, Iberia and Perateia\".The Trapezuntine monarchy would survive the longest among the Byzantine successor states. The Despotate of Epirus had ceased to contest the Byzantine throne even before the Nicaean reconquest and was briefly occupied by the restored Byzantine Empire c.\u20091340, thereafter becoming a Serbian dependency later inherited by Italians, ultimately falling to the Ottoman Empire in 1479. Whilst the Empire of Nicaea had restored the Byzantine Empire through restoring control of the capital, it ended in 1453 with the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans. Trebizond would last until 1461 when the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II conquered it after a month-long siege and took its ruler and his family into captivity, marking the final end of the Roman imperial tradition initiated by Augustus 1,488 years previously. The Crimean Principality of Theodoro, an offshoot of Trebizond, lasted another 14 years, falling to the Ottomans in 1475.", "Q149516": "Mina Witkojc (28 May 1893, in Burg, German Empire \u2013 11 November 1975, in Kolkwitz, East Germany) was a Sorbian journalist, ethnic advocate, and poet. She wrote in the Lower Sorbian language.", "Q596383": "Irvin Shrewsbury Cobb (June 23, 1876 \u2013 March 11, 1944) was an American author, humorist, editor and columnist from Paducah, Kentucky, who relocated to New York in 1904, living there for the remainder of his life. He wrote for the New York World, Joseph Pulitzer's newspaper, as the highest paid staff reporter in the United States.\nCobb also wrote more than 60 books and 300 short stories. Some of his works were adapted for silent movies. Several of his Judge Priest short stories were adapted in the 1930s for two feature films directed by John Ford.", "Q1054742": "Star Comics is an Italian comic book publisher founded in December 1985 that publishes Italian editions of manga and Italian comics in Italy. Until the establishment of Marvel Italia (now an imprint of Panini Comics) in 1994, it also published Italian editions of many Marvel Comics's comic books. Star comics has twenty-eight publishing branches and as of 2007 has published a total of 316 manga series in Italy.", "Q68250": "Rorschach is a municipality, in the District of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It is on the south side of Lake Constance (Bodensee).", "Q2939864": "Carol Jean Vorderman, MBE (born 24 December 1960) is a British media personality, best known for co-hosting the popular game show Countdown for 26 years from 1982 until 2008, as a newspaper columnist and nominal author of educational and diet books, and hosting the annual Pride of Britain awards.\nVorderman's career began in 1982 when she joined Channel 4 game show Countdown. She appeared on the show most recently with Des O'Connor, and previously with Des Lynam and before that Richard Whiteley (from 1982 until his death in 2005). Vorderman left the show in 2008. While appearing on Countdown, Vorderman began presenting other shows for various broadcasters including Better Homes and The Pride of Britain Awards for ITV, as well as guest hosting shows such as Have I Got News for You, The Sunday Night Project and Lorraine.\nVorderman was a presenter of ITV's Loose Women from 2011 until 2014.", "Q172580": "Bob Scott (October 4, 1928 in Watsonville, California \u2013 July 5, 1954 in Darlington, South Carolina) was an American racecar driver. Scott died in a crash during a Champ Car race at Darlington Raceway.", "Q278015": "Karthika Menon (born 6 June 1986), better known by her stage name Bhavana, is an Indian film actress, who works in South Indian film industry. She has acted in Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada, and Telugu language films, and has established herself as a bankable lead actress. Bhavana made her acting debut in the Malayalam film Nammal in 2002, for which she won the Kerala State Film Award \u2013 Special Mention. In a career spanning over a decade, she has appeared in over 80 films and has won two Kerala State Film Awards.", "Q189054": "Batman Returns is a 1992 American superhero film directed by Tim Burton and produced by Denise Di Novi and Burton, based on the DC Comics character Batman. The sequel to the 1989 film Batman, it is the second installment of Warner Bros. initial Batman film series, and stars Michael Keaton as Bruce Wayne / Batman, alongside Danny DeVito, Michelle Pfeiffer, Christopher Walken, Michael Gough, Pat Hingle, and Michael Murphy. In Batman Returns, Batman must prevent the Penguin from killing all of Gotham City's firstborn sons, while dealing with Catwoman, who seeks vengeance against Max Shreck, a corrupt tycoon who seeks to bring Gotham City under his control.\nBurton originally did not want to direct another Batman film. Warner Bros. developed a script with Sam Hamm which had the Penguin and Catwoman going after hidden treasure. Burton agreed to return after they granted him more creative control and replaced Hamm with Daniel Waters. Wesley Strick was later chosen to do an uncredited rewrite shortly before filming. This included normalizing dialogue, fleshing out the Penguin's motivations and master plan and removing scenes due to budget concerns. Strick continued working as the on-set writer through filming. Annette Bening was originally cast as Catwoman but became pregnant and was replaced with Pfeiffer.\nBatman Returns was released on June 19, 1992. It grossed $266.8 million worldwide on a budget of $80 million and received positive reviews. Critics praised its action sequences, performances, Danny Elfman's score, effects, and villains, although its dark tone was criticized. The film was nominated for two Academy Awards: Best Visual Effects and Best Makeup, as well as two BAFTA awards. A sequel, Batman Forever, was released in 1995, with Val Kilmer replacing Keaton as Batman.", "Q325474": "Russell Lee Rogers (April 12, 1928 \u2013 September 13, 1967), (Lt Col, USAF), was an American electrical engineer, U.S. Air Force officer, test pilot, and astronaut in the X-20 Dyna-Soar program.", "Q162793": "Uri Zvi Greenberg (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d5\u05bc\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9 \u05e6\u05b0\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9 \u05d2\u05b0\u05bc\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05e0\u05b0\u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u05e8\u05b0\u05d2; September 22, 1896 \u2013 May 8, 1981) was an acclaimed Israeli poet and journalist who wrote in Yiddish and Hebrew.", "Q152888": "Fay Okell Bainter (December 7, 1893 \u2013 April 16, 1968) was an American film and stage actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Jezebel (1938) and has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Q432421": "Natalia Mikhailovna Schneiderman (Latvian: Nat\u0101lija Mihailovna \u0160neidersmane), (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0428\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d), known in the English-speaking world as Natasha Shneider (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0428\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440; May 22, 1956 \u2013 July 2, 2008) was a Latvian musician and actress. She was most notably the keyboardist and vocalist in the musical group Eleven, along with her partner, bandmate Alain Johannes. Shneider contributed to tracks for Chris Cornell and Queens of the Stone Age, and together with Johannes toured with Cornell on his Euphoria Morning tour in 1999 and with Queens in 2005 on their Lullabies to Paralyze tour. She died of cancer in 2008.", "Q198159": "Zhuanghe (simplified Chinese: \u5e84\u6cb3; traditional Chinese: \u838a\u6cb3; pinyin: Zhu\u0101ngh\u00e9) is one of the two \"northern county-level cities\", the other being Wafangdian, under the administration of Dalian, located in the south of Liaoning province, People's Republic of China. Its area is 3,655.70 square kilometres (1,411.47 sq mi) and its permanent population as of 2010 is 841,321, making it Dalian's most spacious county-level division.", "Q26881": "Helsing\u00f8r ( HEL-sing-UR, Danish: [helse\u031d\u014b\u02c8\u00f8\u0250\u032f\u02c0]; Swedish: Helsing\u00f6r), classically known in English as Elsinore, is a city in eastern Denmark. Helsing\u00f8r Municipality had a population of 62,686 on 1 January 2018. Helsing\u00f8r and Helsingborg in Sweden together form the northern reaches of the \u00d8resund Region, centered on Copenhagen and Malm\u00f6. The HH Ferry route connects Helsing\u00f8r with Helsingborg, 4 km (2 miles) across the \u00d8resund.\nIt is known for its castle Kronborg, which William Shakespeare presumably had in mind for his famous play Hamlet.", "Q187079": "Married Life is a 2007 American drama period film directed by Ira Sachs. The screenplay by Sachs and Oren Moverman is based on the 1953 novel Five Roundabouts to Heaven by John Bingham. Cast members include Patricia Clarkson, Chris Cooper, Rachel McAdams and Pierce Brosnan. The novel was also the basis for the December 20, 1962 episode of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour entitled \"The Tender Poisoner\".\n\n", "Q276038": "Riccardo Muti, (Italian: [rik\u02c8kardo \u02c8mu\u02d0ti]; born 28 July 1941) is an Italian conductor.\nHe currently holds two music directorships, at the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and at the Orchestra Giovanile Luigi Cherubini. He has previously held posts at the Maggio Musicale in Florence, the Philharmonia Orchestra in London, the Philadelphia Orchestra, the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, and the Salzburg Whitsun Festival. Muti has been a prolific recording artist, and has received dozens of honours, titles, awards and prizes. He is especially associated with the music of Giuseppe Verdi. Today he is one of the most successful directors of the world.", "Q1891274": "Chao Manthaturath (also spelled Manthathourat or Mangthaturat; Lao: \u0ec0\u0e88\u0ebb\u0ec9\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0eb1\u0e99\u0e97\u0eb2\u0e95\u0eb8\u0ea3\u0eb2\u0e94; 1772\u20137 March 1837) was the king of Luang Phrabang from 1819 to 1836.He was a son of king Anouruttha. In 1791, he was appointed as heir presumptive to the Luang Phrabang throne with the title Raxavong by Siamese. He was crowned by Siamese at the age of 43. From 1825 to 1826 he joint the monkhold in Bangkok, leaving his country to be administered by Siamese officials. In 1826, he refused to join Anouvong's Rebellion against Siamese. He died on 7 March 1837. Siamese did not confirm his son to succeed the throne until 1839.", "Q691332": "Vladas Niunka (17 August 1907 \u2013 26 December 1983) was a Lithuanian communist. He joined then-illegal Communist Party of Lithuania (CPL) in 1928. For his communist activities, he was arrested seven times by the Lithuanian police and spent about five years in prisons. He edited and published several communist newspapers, including Tiesa, Propagandistas, Komunistas. He was a long-term member of the Central Committee of CPL (1938\u20131983) as well as deputy (1947\u20131983) and chairman (1955\u20131963) of the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR. During World War II and in 1948\u20131961, Niunka was secretary of the Propaganda and Agitation Department of CPL. He dedicated the last two decades of his life to academic work researching anti-communist policies and activities of the Catholic Church. He became a member of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences and a Candidate of Sciences.", "Q847345": "Geo Bogza (Romanian pronunciation: [\u02c8d\u0361\u0292e.o \u02c8bo\u0261za]; born Gheorghe Bogza; February 6, 1908 \u2013 September 14, 1993) was a Romanian avant-garde theorist, poet, and journalist, known for his left-wing and communist political convictions. As a young man in the interwar period, he was known as a rebel and was one of the most influential Romanian Surrealists. Several of his controversial poems twice led to his imprisonment on grounds of obscenity, and saw him partake in the conflict between young and old Romanian writers, as well as in the confrontation between the avant-garde and the far right. At a later stage, Bogza won acclaim for his many and accomplished reportage pieces, being one of the first to cultivate the genre in Romanian literature, and using it as a venue for social criticism.\nAfter the establishment of Communist Romania, Bogza adapted his style to Socialist realism, and became one of the most important literary figures to have serviced the government. With time, he became a subtle critic of the regime, especially under the rule of Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu, when he adopted a dissident position. Beginning in the late 1960s, he publicized his uncomfortable attitudes as subtext to apparently innocent articles and essays. An editor for Via\u021ba Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 and Rom\u00e2nia Literar\u0103 magazines, Geo Bogza was one of the leaders of the Romanian Writers' Union and a member of the Romanian Academy.\nHe was the older brother of Radu Tudoran, himself a known writer, whose political choices were in stark contrast with those of Geo Bogza, and made Tudoran the object of communist persecution. Bogza had lifelong contacts with some representatives of the Romanian avant-garde, among them Victor Brauner, Max Blecher, Sesto Pals, Sa\u0219a Pan\u0103 and Paul P\u0103un, and was friends with, among others, the essayist and theologian Nicolae Steinhardt, the dissident Gheorghe Ursu and the filmmaker Mircea S\u0103ucan.", "Q71067": "Sebald Heyden (18 December 1499 \u2013 9 July 1561) was a German musicologist, cantor, theologian, hymn-writer and religious poet. He is perhaps best known for his De arte canendi (\"On the Art of Singing\", third installment published 1540) which is considered to have had a major impact on scholarship and the teaching of singing to young boys. It has been speculated that Heyden was the world's first true musicologist.", "Q5026623": "Camille Josephine Billops (August 12, 1933 \u2013 June 1, 2019) was an African-American sculptor, filmmaker, archivist, printmaker, and educator.", "Q1063850": "Michael Anthony LePond III is an American musician, best known as the bass guitarist of the progressive metal band Symphony X. He is also the bass guitarist of the New York-based metal, band Dead on Arrival. The group issued an album,Alive and Kickin, on the independent Polo label in 1996. He can be heard on all Symphony X releases since the 2000 album V: The New Mythology Suite. He was formerly a member of the New Jersey band Rattlebone, which opened for many national acts and released a six-song album in 1997.", "Q174697": "Walter Wolfkiel Bacon (January 20, 1880 \u2013 March 18, 1962) was an American politician and accountant from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was a member of the Republican Party who served three terms as Mayor of Wilmington and two terms as Governor of Delaware. He is the only mayor of a Delaware city to have been elected Governor of Delaware.", "Q271031": "Danielle de Niese is an Australian-American lyric soprano. After success as a young child in singing competitions in Australia, she moved to the United States where she developed an operatic career. From 2005 she came to widespread public attention with her performances as Cleopatra in Giulio Cesare at Glyndebourne, England.", "Q11793": "George Tchobanoglous (born May 24, 1935) is an American civil and environmental engineer, writer and professor.", "Q1272729": "Larry Williams (n\u00e9 Lawrence Eugene Williams aka Lawrence Edward Williams; May 10, 1935 \u2013 January 7, 1980) was an American rhythm and blues and rock and roll singer, songwriter, producer, and pianist from New Orleans, Louisiana. Williams is best known for writing and recording some rock and roll classics from 1957 to 1959 for Specialty Records, including \"Bony Moronie\", \"Short Fat Fannie\", \"Slow Down\", \"Dizzy, Miss Lizzy\" (1958), \"Bad Boy\" and \"She Said Yeah\" (1959). John Lennon was a fan, and The Beatles and several other British Invasion groups recorded several of his songs.", "Q85858": "Klaus Mehnert (October 10, 1906, Moscow, Russia \u2013 January 2, 1984, Freudenstadt, Germany) was a globetrotting German political scientist and a journalist. As a scholar, he was a prolific author; as a journalist, he practiced in the USSR as a correspondent, in China as a publisher, and in Germany. He was a professor at two American universities before World War II. In the late 1970s he authored several books on recent youth led political movements (youth movements) in various Western countries.\nAt the outbreak of World War I, Mehnert's family had to abandon Moscow for Stuttgart, Germany. His father died in Flanders in 1917 as a German soldier. Mehnert attended the University of T\u00fcbingen, the University of Munich, the University of California, Berkeley, and finally the University of Berlin, where he received his PhD under Professor Otto Hoetzsch in 1928. Hoetzsch and Mehnert later took part in the short-lived society to study the Soviet command economy, ARPLAN.\nOver the next ten years, he traveled frequently, to America, the Soviet Union, Japan, and China. He married Enid Keyes (\u2020 1955) in California in 1933. From 1934 to 1936 he served as a Soviet correspondent for a German newspaper.\nSubsequently, Mehnert taught politics at Berkeley and then at the University of Hawaii at Manoa until 1941, where he started intensively studying Russian and Pacific history. Six months prior to America's entry to World War II, he decided to go to Shanghai, where, with funding from the German foreign ministry, he published a journal named XXth Century. The journal was discontinued in 1945, when he was briefly imprisoned.Returning to Germany after the war, he held various positions as journalist, editor, and professor, as well as government advisor on Sino-Russian matters, and published several books in the field of political science.Since 2005, the \"Europainstitut Klaus Mehnert\" has offered a student exchange program between his former university RWTH Aachen and the University of Kaliningrad.", "Q433059": "Stephanie Caroline March (born (1974-07-23)July 23, 1974) is an American actress, entrepreneur and philanthropist. She is best known for her role as New York Assistant DA Alexandra Cabot in the long-running NBC series, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. In 2019 she was named co-executive producer and star of the comedy feature The Social Ones.", "Q70379": "M\u00fcnchwilen is a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q604881": "Mathieu Chantelois (born July 4, 1973) is a Canadian television personality, journalist, magazine editor, and marketing executive.", "Q944880": "Unplugged is a live album and DVD by the American rock band Alice in Chains, released on July 30, 1996 by Columbia Records. It was recorded on April 10, 1996 at the Brooklyn Academy of Music's Majestic Theatre for the television series MTV Unplugged. The show was directed by Joe Perota and first aired on MTV on May 28, 1996. The MTV Unplugged was Alice in Chains' first concert in two and a half years, and contains live, acoustic versions of the band's biggest hits and lesser-known songs. A new song, \"The Killer Is Me\", was performed for the first time during the concert. The acoustic version of \"Over Now\" (originally released on Alice in Chains' 1995 self-titled album) was released as a single. The album debuted at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 chart, and has been certified platinum by the RIAA. The performance was released on DVD on October 26, 1999, and re-released as a CD/DVD package featuring unaired footage on September 18, 2007. The home video release has received gold certification by RIAA.", "Q758126": "Attil\u00e2 \u0130lhan (15 June 1925 \u2013 10 October 2005) was a Turkish poet, novelist, essayist, journalist and reviewer.", "Q189732": "Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk (Ukrainian: \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0434 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0443\u043a; born 10 January 1934) is a former Ukrainian politician and the first President of Ukraine, who served from 5 December 1991, until his resignation on 19 July 1994. He is also a former Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada and People's Deputy of Ukraine serving in the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) faction.\nAfter a political crisis involving the President and the Prime Minister, Kravchuk resigned from the Presidency, but ran for a second term as President in 1994. He was defeated by his former Prime Minister, Leonid Kuchma, who served as President for two terms. After Kravchuk's presidency, he was active in Ukrainian politics, serving as a People's Deputy of Ukraine in the Verkhovna Rada and the leader of Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united)'s parliamentary group (from 2002 to 2006). He is currently retired from politics.At age 86, he is the oldest living former Ukrainian president.", "Q87097": "Aglaja Brix (born August 15, 1990) is a German actress. She is best known for playing the role of Vivien Overbeck in the TV detective series Die Pfefferk\u00f6rner.", "Q679842": "German idealism was a philosophical movement that emerged in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It developed out of the work of Immanuel Kant in the 1780s and 1790s, and was closely linked both with Romanticism and the revolutionary politics of the Enlightenment. The best-known thinkers in the movement, besides Kant, were Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and the proponents of Jena Romanticism (Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, Novalis, and Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel). August Ludwig H\u00fclsen, Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, Gottlob Ernst Schulze, Karl Leonhard Reinhold, Salomon Maimon, Friedrich Schleiermacher, and Arthur Schopenhauer also made major contributions.\nThe period of German idealism after Kant is also known as post-Kantian idealism, post-Kantian philosophy, or simply post-Kantianism.", "Q192474": "Geoffrey Arnold Beck (born 24 June 1944) is an English rock guitarist. He is one of the three noted guitarists to have played with the Yardbirds (the other two being Eric Clapton and Jimmy Page). Beck also formed the Jeff Beck Group and with Tim Bogert and Carmine Appice, he formed Beck, Bogert & Appice.\nMuch of Beck's recorded output has been instrumental, with a focus on innovative sound, and his releases have spanned genres ranging from blues rock, hard rock, and an additional blend of guitar-rock and electronica. Although he recorded two hit albums (in 1975 and 1976) as a solo act, Beck has not established or maintained the sustained commercial success of many of his contemporaries and bandmates. Beck appears on albums by Rod Stewart, Mick Jagger, Tina Turner, Morrissey, Donovan, Diana Ross, Jon Bon Jovi, Malcolm McLaren, Kate Bush, Roger Waters, Stevie Wonder, Les Paul, Zucchero, Cyndi Lauper, Brian May, Roger Taylor, Stanley Clarke, Screaming Lord Sutch, ZZ Top, and Toots and the Maytals.He was ranked fifth in Rolling Stone's list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" and the magazine, upon whose cover Beck has appeared three times, has described him as \"one of the most influential lead guitarists in rock\". He is often called a \"guitarist's guitarist\". Beck has earned wide critical praise and received the Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance six times and Best Pop Instrumental Performance once. In 2014 he received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music. Beck has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice: as a member of The Yardbirds (1992) and as a solo artist (2009).", "Q273626": "\u00c9cole Polytechnique (also known by the nickname \"X\") is a French public institution of higher education and research in Palaiseau, a suburb located south of Paris. It is one of the leading prestigious French grandes \u00e9coles in engineering, especially known for its polytechnicien engineering program.\nThe school was established in 1794 by the mathematician Gaspard Monge during the French Revolution, and it was once previously a military academy under Napoleon I in 1804. However, Polytechnique is no longer a military academy, although the institution is still supervised by the French Ministry of Defence. Initially located in the Latin Quarter of central Paris, the establishment's main buildings were moved in 1976 to Palaiseau on the Saclay Plateau, southwest of Paris.It is a founding member of ParisTech, a grouping of Paris-area engineering colleges established in 2007. In 2014, it became a founding member of the confederal \"University of Paris in Saclay\". Among its alumni are three Nobel prize winners, one Fields Medalist, three Presidents of France and many CEOs of French and international companies. It is currently ranked as world's second-best small university by the Times Higher Education's World University Rankings.In the 19th century, its model inspired the foundation of similar higher education institutions, such as the \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al and Caltech (initially a vocational school named the Throop 'Polytechnic' Institute).", "Q678584": "The Sudeten German Party (German: Sudetendeutsche Partei, SdP, Czech: Sudeton\u011bmeck\u00e1 strana) was created by Konrad Henlein under the name Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront (\"Front of the Sudeten German Homeland\") on 1 October 1933, some months after the First Czechoslovak Republic had outlawed the German National Socialist Workers' Party (Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei, DNSAP). In April 1935, the party was renamed Sudetendeutsche Partei following a mandatory demand of the Czechoslovak government. The name was officially changed to Sudeten German and Carpathian German Party (Sudetendeutsche und Karpatendeutsche Partei) in November 1935.\nWith the rising power of Nazi Party in Germany, the Sudeten German Party became a major pro-Nazi force in Czechoslovakia with explicit official aim of breaking the country up and joining it to the Third Reich. By June 1938, the party had over 1.3 million members, i.e. 40.6% of ethnic-German citizens of Czechoslovakia. During last free democratic elections before the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the May 1938 communal elections, the party gained 88% of ethnic-German votes, taking over control of most municipal authorities in the Czech borderland. The country's mass membership made it one of the largest fascist parties in Europe at the time.", "Q14833": "Heinsberg is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the seat of the district Heinsberg. It is situated near the border with the Netherlands, on the river Wurm, approx. 20 km north-east of Sittard and 30 km south-west of M\u00f6nchengladbach.", "Q918655": "Michael Hardt (born 1960) is an American political philosopher and literary theorist. Hardt is best known for his book Empire, which was co-written with Antonio Negri. It has been praised by Slavoj \u017di\u017eek as the \"Communist Manifesto of the 21st Century\".Hardt and Negri suggest that several forces which they see as dominating contemporary life, such as class oppression, globalization and the commodification of services (or production of affects), have the potential to spark social change of unprecedented dimensions. A sequel, Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire was published in August 2004. It outlines an idea first propounded in Empire, which is that of the multitude as possible locus of a democratic movement of global proportions. The third and final part of the trilogy, Commonwealth, was published in 2009.\n\n", "Q159063": "The Reader is a 2008 romantic drama film directed by Stephen Daldry and written by David Hare, based on the 1995 German novel of the same name by Bernhard Schlink. It stars Kate Winslet, Ralph Fiennes, and David Kross. It was the last film for producers Anthony Minghella and Sydney Pollack, both of whom died prior to its release. Production began in Germany in September 2007, and the film opened in limited release on December 10, 2008.\nThe film tells the story of Michael Berg, a German lawyer who, as a 15-year-old in 1958, has an affair with an older woman, Hanna Schmitz. She disappears only to resurface years later as one of the defendants in a war crimes trial stemming from her actions as a guard at a Nazi concentration camp. Michael realizes that Hanna is keeping a personal secret she believes is worse than her Nazi past \u2013 a secret which, if revealed, could help her at the trial.\nAlthough it received mixed reviews, Winslet and Kross, who plays the young Michael, received acclaim for their performances; Winslet won a number of awards for her role, including the Academy Award for Best Actress. The film itself was nominated for several other major awards, including the Academy Award for Best Picture.", "Q429001": "Eva Birgitta Ohlsson Klamberg (born 20 July 1975) is a Swedish politician who was Minister for European Union Affairs in the Swedish government from 2010 to 2014. She is a member of the Liberals, formerly the Liberal People's Party.\nIn June 2017, Ohlsson challenged incumbent party leader Jan Bj\u00f6rklund to become the next leader at the congress i November 2017. On 15 september 2017, following results from the 'test election' in Stockholm County, Ohlsson announced she was to relinquish her leadership bid and to leave the political arena by the next general election in 2018.\n\n", "Q1268771": "Dylan Taylor is an American Bassist / Cellist / Composer and Arranger is currently residing in, and is known as a great veteran of, the Philadelphia area Jazz scene.\n\nDuring his busy career Dylan has provided the bottom anchor for name artists such as Lee Konitz, Freddie Hubbard, Mose Allison and Larry Coryell, and taken part in steady local Jazz engagements in Center City's better hotels with pianist Tom Lawton's trio at the Four Seasons and saxophonist Tony Williams quartet at the Ritz Carlton.\nTaylor has recorded extensively for the C.I.M.P. label on respective releases with saxophonist Bobby Zankel, vibraphonist Khan Jamal and vocalist Kelly Meashey, and was a longtime member of Bobby Zankel's \"little big band,\" The Warriors of the Wonderful Sound, with recordings on Dreambox Media.", "Q183579": "Ferdinand I (German: Ferdinand I. 19 April 1793 \u2013 29 June 1875) was the Emperor of Austria from 1835 until his abdication in 1848. As ruler of Austria, he was also President of the German Confederation, King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia (as Ferdinand V), King of Lombardy\u2013Venetia and holder of many other lesser titles (see grand title of the Emperor of Austria). Due to his rocky, passive but good-intended character, he gained the sobriquet The Benign (German: Der G\u00fctige) or The Good (Czech: Ferdinand Dobrotiv\u00fd).Ferdinand succeeded on the death of his father Francis II and I on 2 March 1835. He was incapable of ruling his empire because of his mental deficiency, so his father, before he died, made a will which promulgated that Ferdinand should consult Archduke Louis on all aspects of internal policy and urged him to be influenced by Prince Metternich, Austria's Foreign Minister.Following the Revolutions of 1848, Ferdinand abdicated on 2 December 1848. He was succeeded by his nephew, Franz Joseph. Following his abdication, he lived in Hrad\u010dany Palace, Prague, until his death in 1875.Ferdinand married Maria Anna of Savoy, the sixth child of Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia. They had no children.\n\n", "Q714338": "Szabolcs Fazakas (26 October 1947 \u2013 31 March 2020) was a Hungarian politician and diplomat.", "Q119447": "Bernhard Baader was a collector of German folklore in the former Baden, now part of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.", "Q23047": "Cahors (French pronunciation: \u200b[ka\u0254\u0281]; Occitan: Caors [ka\u02c8u\u027es, \u02c8k\u0254ws, \u02c8k\u0254w]) is a commune in the western part of Southern France. It is the smallest prefecture among the 13 departments that constitute the Occitanie Region. Main city of the Lot department and historical center of the Quercy, Cahors is home to 19 878 cadurciennes and cadurciens.\nNestled in a meander of the Lot and surrounded by steep arid limestone hills, this historic city is home to a great monumental diversity. Mainly inherited from Roman times and the Middle Ages; the city\u2019s monumental attributes include a historic city centre, Saint-Etienne cathedral, Roman walls and the famous Valentr\u00e9 bridge (UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the pilgrimage path to Santiago de Compostela). Famed for its wine and gastronomy (truffles and foie gras) this typical southern French city holds the label of the French Towns of art and History. The cadurcian economy is reliant on Tertiary services and make Cahors the Lot\u2019s economic centre.\n\n", "Q580287": "Robert Chiarelli (born September 24, 1941) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario who served from 1987 to 1997 and again from 2010 to 2018 who represented the ridings of Ottawa West and Ottawa West\u2014Nepean. He was the Regional Chair of Ottawa-Carleton from 1997 to 2001 and was mayor of Ottawa from 2001 to 2006. He served in the provincial cabinets of Dalton McGuinty and Kathleen Wynne.\n\n", "Q436121": "Reiko Mori (\u68ee\u793c\u5b50, April 29, 1922 - December 27, 2012), known by her stage name Noriko Sengoku (\u5343\u77f3\u898f\u5b50, Sengoku Noriko), was a Japanese film and television actress active primarily in the 1950s and 1960s. She made her film debut in 1947 and starred in several of Akira Kurosawa's early films such as Drunken Angel (1948), The Quiet Duel (1949), Stray Dog (1949), Scandal (1950), The Idiot (1951) and Seven Samurai (1954).", "Q116774": "Frank William Abagnale Jr. (; born April 27, 1948) is an American security consultant known for his career as a con man, check forger, and impostor when he was 15 to 21 years old. \nHe became one of the most notorious impostors, claiming to have assumed no fewer than eight identities, including an airline pilot, a physician, a U.S. Bureau of Prisons agent, and a lawyer. Abagnale escaped from police custody twice (once from a taxiing airliner and once from a U.S. federal penitentiary) before turning 22 years old. He served less than five years in prison before starting to work for the federal government. Abagnale is currently a consultant and lecturer for the FBI academy and field offices. He also runs Abagnale & Associates, a financial fraud consultancy company. \nAbagnale's story inspired the Academy Award-nominated feature film, Catch Me If You Can (2002), starring Leonardo DiCaprio as Abagnale and Tom Hanks as the FBI agent pursuing him, as well as a Broadway musical of that name, both of which are based on the book Catch Me If You Can.", "Q705221": "Haruomi Hosono (\u7d30\u91ce \u6674\u81e3, Hosono Haruomi, born July 9, 1947), sometimes credited as Harry Hosono, is a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter and record producer \nwho is considered to be one of the most influential musicians in Japanese pop music history, credited with shaping the sound of Japanese pop for decades as well as pop music outside of Japan. He also inspired genres such as city pop and Shibuya-kei, and as leader of Yellow Magic Orchestra, contributed to the development and pioneering of numerous electronic genres.The grandson of Titanic survivor Masabumi Hosono, Haruomi began his career with the psychedelic rock band Apryl Fool, before achieving recognition both nationally and internationally, as a founding member of the bands Happy End and Yellow Magic Orchestra. Hosono has also released many solo albums covering a variety of styles, including film soundtracks and a variety of electronic ambient albums. As well as recording his own music, Hosono has done considerable production work for other artists such as Miharu Koshi, Sheena and the Roketts, Sandii & the Sunsetz, Chisato Moritaka and Seiko Matsuda. In 2003, Hosono was ranked by HMV Japan at number 44 on their list of the top 100 Japanese pop acts of all time.", "Q321160": "Willy Alberti (14 October 1926 \u2013 18 February 1985), born Carel Verbrugge, was a Dutch singer, who sang in Dutch and Italian. He was also an actor and a radio and TV personality.\nAlberti was born in Amsterdam as the third of eight children to Jacobus Wilhelm Verbrugge and Sophia Jacoba van Musscher. He sang with family members at a very young age.\nHe began recording professionally in the early 1940s. In 1944 he married Ria Kuiper and his daughter Willeke Alberti, later to become a successful Dutch vocalist herself, was born in 1945. After the war Alberti established himself in the Netherlands with Italian songs; he became increasingly popular in the 1950s, when he had a string of hits beginning with Nel blu dipinto di blu in 1958. In the 1960s he began to act alongside his daughter Willeke; as a duo, they also scored hits on the Dutch charts. From 1965 father and daughter presented a popular monthly television show for the AVRO. Alberti won two Edison Awards in the 1960s.\nIn the 1970s Alberti's fame began to decline, though he did score a few hits. In 1984 Alberti was diagnosed with liver cancer, and he died in Amsterdam on 18 February of the following year, aged 58. He was cremated at the Westgaarde Crematorium in Amsterdam.\nIn 1998, a Willy Alberti museum was established; it quickly closed due to lack of interest.\n\n", "Q87083": "Emilie Bach (born Neuschloss, Bohemia, July 2, 1840; died Vienna, Austria April 29, 1890) was an artist and journalist. In 1873 she co-founded the Imperial and Royal Vocational School of Art Embroidery [1] with fellow needleworker Therese Mirani in Vienna, Austria, where she also filled the role of director. She also established schools in Graz, Laibach, Prague, Br\u00fcnn, and Agram. She published several works on the subject of embroidery, including Muster Stilvoller Handarbeiten f\u00fcr Schule und Haus in two volumes (1883), and Neue Muster im Alten Stil (1887), which was later published in English as New Patterns in Old Styles. She contributed to many daily papers, such as the Neue Freie Presse, Heimat, and Wiener Allgemeine Zeitung [2] and delivered many lectures on arts and handicrafts, most of which were published.Bach and Mirani's dress and design reform efforts were covered in Viennese periodicals, including feminist journal Dokumente der Frauen and fashion magazine Wiener Mode. Design history scholar Rebecca Houze likens the attention to detail in Bach's publications to the works of German architect and author Gottfried Semper, in particular Der Stil in den technischen and tektonischen K\u00fcnste... (1860-63).Multiple designs by Bach, including those for an embroidered sachet and a parasol \"with a border in Spanish embroidery\" were featured in Harper's Bazaar in 1881.", "Q232108": "The Fearless Hyena is a 1979 Hong Kong action comedy kung fu film written, directed by and starring Jackie Chan.\nThe film has been released on several alternative titles internationally, including:\n\nRevenge of the Dragon (USA video title)\nSuperfighter 3 (West Germany video title)\nThe Shadowman (West Germany video title)", "Q9945": "Laren (pronunciation ) is a town and municipality in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. Located in the Gooi region, it is the oldest town in the area. It is one of the most affluent in the Netherlands, along with its neighbour Blaricum.\nNationally, Laren is well known for its history as a late 19th-century art colony, preserved in the museum Singer Laren, its retirement home for elderly artists Rosa Spier Huis, as well as its wide array of shops. Laren is part of the Amsterdam metropolitan area, situated east of Amsterdam.", "Q35631": "Naroa Agirre Kamio (born 15 May 1979 in San Sebasti\u00e1n) is a female pole vaulter from Spain. Her current personal best is 4.50 metres, achieved in May 2006 in Saulheim. She has 4.56 metres on the indoor track, from February 2007 in Seville. She is the national record holder for the sport.\nAgirre won her fifth national title in the pole vault in Barcelona in 2009.She also works as an actress, appearing in Basque TV show Goenkale.", "Q1060395": "Antonio Signorini (2 April 1888 \u2013 23 February 1963) was an influential Italian mathematical physicist and civil engineer of the 20th century. He is known for his work in finite elasticity, thermoelasticity and for formulating the Signorini problem.\n\n", "Q182673": "Valdis Zatlers (born 22 March 1955) is a Latvian politician and former physician who served as the seventh president of Latvia from 2007 to 2011. He won the Latvian presidential election of 31 May 2007. He became President of Latvia on 8 July 2007 and left office on 7 July 2011 after failing to win reelection for a second term.", "Q1491825": "Mocean Worker (pronounced \"motion worker\") is the recording alias of jazz musician and producer Adam Dorn.\n\n", "Q280962": "Who's Singin' Over There? (Serbo-Croatian: Ko to tamo peva) is a 1980 Yugoslav film written by Du\u0161an Kova\u010devi\u0107 and directed by Slobodan \u0160ijan. It is a dark comedy and features an ensemble cast. The film tells a story about a group of passengers traveling by bus to Belgrade in 1941, during the last days of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, just before the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia.\nThe film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival. In 1996, the Yugoslav Board of the Academy of Film Art and Science (AFUN) voted this movie the best Serbian movie made in the 1947\u20131995 period.", "Q234579": "Mary Flannery O'Connor (March 25, 1925 \u2013 August 3, 1964) was an American novelist, short story writer and essayist. She wrote two novels and thirty-two short stories, as well as a number of reviews and commentaries.\nShe was a Southern writer who often wrote in a sardonic Southern Gothic style and relied heavily on regional settings and grotesque characters, often in violent situations. The unsentimental acceptance or rejection of the limitations or imperfection or difference of these characters (whether attributed to disability, race, crime, religion or sanity) typically underpins the drama.Her writing reflected her Roman Catholic faith and frequently examined questions of morality and ethics. Her posthumously compiled Complete Stories won the 1972 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction and has been the subject of enduring praise.", "Q33240": "Aubrey Drake Graham (born October 24, 1986) is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, producer, actor, and entrepreneur. Drake initially gained recognition as an actor on the teen drama television series Degrassi: The Next Generation in the 2000s; intent on pursuing a career in music, he left the series in 2007 after releasing his debut mixtape Room for Improvement. \nDrake released two further independent projects, Comeback Season and So Far Gone, before signing to Young Money Entertainment in June 2009. He released his debut studio album Thank Me Later in 2010, which debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200. His next two releases Take Care (2011) and Nothing Was the Same (2013) were both critical successes. In 2015, he released the two mixtapes If You're Reading This It's Too Late and a collaboration with Future titled What a Time to Be Alive, both of which earned Platinum certifications in the US. His fourth album Views (2016) sat atop the Billboard 200 for 13 nonconsecutive weeks, becoming the first album by a male solo artist to do so in over a decade. At the 2017 Billboard Music Awards, Drake won a record-breaking 13 Billboard Music Awards, including Top Billboard 200 Album for Views and Top Artist. In 2017, he released the playlist More Life, which set multiple streaming records. A year later, he released the double album Scorpion, which produced three number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100: \"God's Plan\", \"Nice for What\" and \"In My Feelings\".\nAs an entrepreneur, Drake founded the OVO Sound record label with longtime collaborator 40 in 2012. Following the launch of Apple Music, Apple announced Drake as the figurehead for the platform at their Worldwide Developers Conference in 2015, with him penning an exclusivity deal with the service worth a reported $19 million. In 2016, Drake was announced as the new \"global ambassador\" for the Toronto Raptors, thereby joining the executive committee of the NBA franchise. \nAmong the world's best-selling music artists, with over 170 million records sold, Drake is ranked as the world's highest-certified digital singles artist by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Drake also holds several Billboard chart records; he has the most charted songs (209) of any artists in the history of the Billboard Hot 100, the most simultaneously charted Hot 100 songs in a single week (27), the most time on the Hot 100 (431 weeks), and the most Hot 100 debuts in a week (22). He also has the most number-one singles on the Hot Rap Songs, Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay and Rhythmic Charts. Drake has won four Grammy Awards, six American Music Awards, a record 27 Billboard Music Awards, two Brit Awards and three Juno Awards.", "Q62769": "Gerhard Helmut Detleff Graf von Schwerin (23 June 1899 \u2013 29 October 1980) was a German General der Panzertruppe during World War II.", "Q106573": "Nathalie Marie Andr\u00e9e Baye (born 6 July 1948) is a French film, television and stage actress. She began her career in 1970 and has appeared in more than 80 films. A ten-time C\u00e9sar Award nominee, her four wins were for Every Man for Himself (1980), Strange Affair (1981), La Balance (1982), and The Young Lieutenant (2005). In 2009, she was made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Her other films include Day for Night (1973), Catch Me If You Can (2002), Tell No One (2006) and The Assistant (2015).\n\n", "Q460373": "Air Serbia (stylised as AirSERBIA; Serbian: \u0415\u0440 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430, romanized: Er Srbija) is the flag carrier of Serbia. The company's headquarters is located in Belgrade, Serbia, and its main hub is Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport. In 2016, it was the fourth-largest legacy carrier in Southeastern Europe. The airline was formerly known as Jat Airways until it was renamed and rebranded in 2013.", "Q116760": "David Harald Vilgot Sj\u00f6man (2 December 1924 \u2013 9 April 2006) was a Swedish writer and film director. His films deal with controversial issues of social class, morality, and sexual taboos, combining the emotionally tortured characters of Ingmar Bergman with the avant garde style of the French New Wave. He is best known as the director of the films 491 (1964), I Am Curious (Yellow) (in Swedish, \"Jag \u00e4r nyfiken \u2013 gul\") (1967), and I Am Curious (Blue) (\"Jag \u00e4r nyfiken \u2013 bl\u00e5\") (1968), which stretched the boundaries of acceptability of what could then be shown on film, deliberately treating their subjects in a provocative and explicit manner.", "Q233216": "Emily Irene VanCamp (born May 12, 1986) is a Canadian actress known for her roles on The WB television series Everwood, the ABC dramas Brothers & Sisters and Revenge, and as Sharon Carter / Agent 13 in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) and Captain America: Civil War (2016) and the upcoming Disney+ series The Falcon and the Winter Soldier (2020). VanCamp stars as the female lead in the Fox medical drama series The Resident, which debuted in January 2018 as a midseason entry in the 2017\u201318 United States television season.", "Q150735": "Lothair I or Lothar I (Dutch and Medieval Latin: Lotharius; German: Lothar; French: Lothaire; Italian: Lotario) (795 \u2013 29 September 855) was emperor (817\u2013855, co-ruling with his father until 840), and the governor of Bavaria (815\u2013817), King of Italy (818\u2013855) and Middle Francia (840\u2013855).\nLothair was the eldest son of the Carolingian emperor Louis the Pious and his wife Ermengarde of Hesbaye, daughter of Ingerman the duke of Hesbaye. On several occasions, Lothair led his full-brothers Pepin I of Aquitaine and Louis the German in revolt against their father to protest against attempts to make their half-brother Charles the Bald a co-heir to the Frankish domains. Upon the father's death, Charles and Louis joined forces against Lothair in a three-year civil war (840\u2013843). The struggles between the brothers led directly to the breakup of the Frankish Empire assembled by their grandfather Charlemagne, and laid the foundation for the development of modern France and Germany.", "Q713443": "Shloyme Zanvl Rappoport (1863 \u2013 November 8, 1920), known by his pseudonym S. Ansky (or An-sky), was a Jewish author, playwright, researcher of Jewish folklore, polemicist, and cultural and political activist. He is best known for his play The Dybbuk or Between Two Worlds, written in 1914.\nIn 1917, after the Russian Revolution, he was elected to the Russian Constituent Assembly as a Social-Revolutionary deputy.", "Q691440": "Arnaud Lagard\u00e8re (French: [a\u0281.no la\u0261a\u0281d\u025b\u0281]; born 18 March 18, 1961) is a French businessman, the General and Managing Partner of Lagard\u00e8re SCA, holding company of the Lagard\u00e8re Group. He is the son of Jean-Luc Lagard\u00e8re, the former chairman of Matra and Hachette.", "Q94941": "Frederick VII (Frederik Carl Christian) (6 October 1808 \u2013 15 November 1863) was King of Denmark from 1848 to 1863. He was the last Danish monarch of the older Royal branch of the House of Oldenburg and also the last king of Denmark to rule as an absolute monarch. During his reign, he signed a constitution that established a Danish parliament and made the country a constitutional monarchy. Frederick's motto was Folkets K\u00e6rlighed, min Styrke (Danish for the People's Love, my Strength.).", "Q809": "Polish (j\u0119zyk polski, ['j\u025b\u0303w\u0303z\u0268k \u02c8p\u0254lsk\u02b2i] (listen), polszczyzna, [p\u0254l\u02c8\u0283\u02a7\u0311\u0268zna] (listen) or simply polski, [\u02c8p\u0254lsk\u02b2i] (listen)) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group. It is spoken primarily in Poland and serves as the native language of the Poles. In addition to being an official language of Poland, it is also used by Polish minorities in other countries. There are over 50 million Polish-language speakers around the world and it is one of the official languages of the European Union.\nPolish is written with the standardized Polish alphabet, which has nine additions to the letters of the basic Latin script (\u0105, \u0107, \u0119, \u0142, \u0144, \u00f3, \u015b, \u017a, \u017c). Among the major languages, it is most closely related to Slovak and Czech, but differs from other Slavic varieties in terms of pronunciation and general grammar. In addition, Polish was profoundly influenced by Germanic languages, most notably German, and Italic languages like Latin and French, which contributed to a large number of loanwords and similar grammatical structures. Polish currently has the largest number of speakers of the West Slavic group and is also the second most widely spoken Slavic language.Historically, Polish was a lingua franca, important both diplomatically and academically in Central and Eastern Europe. Today, Polish is spoken by over 38.5 million people as their first language in Poland. It is also spoken as a second language in Northern Czech Republic and Slovakia, western parts of Belarus and Ukraine as well as in Central-Eastern Lithuania and Latvia. Because of the emigration from Poland during different time periods, most notably after World War II, millions of Polish speakers can be found in countries such as Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Israel, Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Q174683": "A Perfect World is a 1993 American drama film directed by Clint Eastwood. It stars Kevin Costner as an escaped convict who befriends a young boy (T.J. Lowther) and ends up embarking on a road trip with the child. Eastwood co-stars as a Texas Ranger in pursuit of the convict.\n\n", "Q902619": "The Conservative People's Party (Danish: Det Konservative Folkeparti, DKF), also known as the Conservatives (Konservative) is a conservative centre-right political party in Denmark. The party is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and International Democrat Union.", "Q700359": "PolyGram N.V. was a Dutch entertainment company and major music record label. It was founded in 1962 as the Grammophon-Philips Group by Dutch corporation Philips and German corporation Siemens, to be a holding for their record companies, and was renamed \"PolyGram\" in 1972. The name was chosen to reflect the Siemens interest Polydor Records and the Philips interest Phonogram Records. The company traced its origins through Deutsche Grammophon back to the inventor of the flat disk gramophone, Emil Berliner.\nLater on, PolyGram expanded into the largest global entertainment company, creating film and television divisions. In May 1998, it was sold to the alcoholic distiller Seagram which owned film, television and music company Universal Studios. PolyGram was thereby folded into Universal Music Group, and PolyGram Filmed Entertainment was folded into Universal Pictures, which had been both Seagram successors of MCA. When the newly formed entertainment division of Seagram faced financial difficulties, it was sold to Vivendi, and MCA became known as Universal Studios, as Seagram ceased to exist. Vivendi remains owner of the Universal Music Group (while the film and television division was sold to NBCUniversal). In February 2017, UMG revived the company under the name of PolyGram Entertainment, which currently serves as their film and television division.", "Q267647": "Amazing Journey: The Story of The Who is a 2007 documentary by Murray Lerner and Paul Crowder about English rock and roll band The Who. The film features new interviews with band members Roger Daltrey, John Entwistle, Kenney Jones, and Pete Townshend, as well as Sting, The Edge, Noel Gallagher, Eddie Vedder, Steve Jones and others, as well as rare photos of the four members of the band, and archival live footage of performances dating back to 1964. A soundtrack accompanying the film also serves as a greatest-hits compilation for the band.\nThe two-DVD set includes footage not in earlier documentaries, including film from the 1970 Leeds University appearance, never-seen-before footage of a show in Copenhagen that shows Daltrey leaving the stage because the performance of the other members of The Who broke down into chaotic noise due to amphetamines \u2013 which resulted in a fight between Daltrey and Moon backstage and Daltrey being kicked out of the band temporarily \u2013 and a 1964 performance at the Railway Hotel when they were The High Numbers.\nThe film was nominated for a 2009 Grammy Award. An exclusive three disc set was available only at Best Buy retailers with a third disc featuring the majority of their performance on 8 December 1979 at Chicago's International Amphitheatre.", "Q231401": "Laura Dianne Vandervoort (born September 22, 1984) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her roles as Sadie Harrison in the CTV teen drama series Instant Star, Arla \"The Bolt-Gun Killer\" Cogan in the Syfy supernatural drama series Haven, Kara Zor-El (Supergirl) in The CW serial drama series Smallville, and as Lisa in the ABC science fiction series V (2009). In 2014, she starred in the Space drama series Bitten, a television adaptation of Kelley Armstrong's book series Women of the Otherworld as Elena Michaels.", "Q335115": "William George Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong (26 November 1810 \u2013 27 December 1900) was an English engineer and industrialist who founded the Armstrong Whitworth manufacturing concern on Tyneside. He was also an eminent scientist, inventor and philanthropist. In collaboration with the architect Richard Norman Shaw, he built Cragside in Northumberland, the first house in the world to be lit by hydroelectricity. He is regarded as the inventor of modern artillery.\nArmstrong was knighted in 1859 after giving his gun patents to the government. In 1887, in Queen Victoria's golden jubilee year, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Armstrong of Cragside.\n\n", "Q355839": "Vladislav Borisovich Galkin (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0430\u0301\u043b\u043a\u0438\u043d; 25 December 1971 \u2013 25 February 2010) was a highly popular Russian actor who starred in fifty seven films including several TV serials, such as Spetsnaz (2002), The Master and Margarita (2005\u20132006) and Dikari (2006).Galkin studied acting at the Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute from 1988 to 1992, then studied film directing at the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography in the 1990 where his teacher was Vladimir Khotinenko.\nOn 27 February 2010, Galkin was found dead in his apartment, and the cause of death was said to be cardiac arrest. However, according to his family and friends, he was murdered based on evidence indicating the presence of other people in his room just before his death and the disappearance of $130,000 from his apartment. The police dismissed this version. Galkin's death was mourned by many who demanded finding those responsible for his death.Colleagues have said Galkin was suffering from a drinking problem. In 2009, he was charged with hooliganism using a weapon and non-life-threatening violence against a law enforcement official, after an attack on a police lieutenant at a bar in July. In December, he was convicted to a suspended sentence of 14 months.For millions of viewers, especially those outside Russia, Galkin is remembered as the poet Ivan Bezdomny (Homeless) in Vladimir Bortko's much lauded film version of Mikhail Bulgakov's epic novel The Master and Margarita. In the Bortko film series, the character Bezdomny witnesses the death of his friend. When he tries to tip off the authorities to the improbable sequence of events, their reaction is to lock him up in a mental hospital. Subsequent events vindicate Bezdomny, and he eventually comes to be at peace with the suffering he was caused, in part thanks to his increased understanding gained in visits from the Master.", "Q200804": "Predator is a 1987 American science fiction action film directed by John McTiernan and written by brothers Jim and John Thomas. It stars Arnold Schwarzenegger as the leader of an elite paramilitary rescue team on a mission to save hostages in guerrilla-held territory in Central America, who encounter a deadly Predator (Kevin Peter Hall) who is a technologically advanced alien spying, stalking, and hunting the main characters.\nPredator was written in 1984, under the working title of Hunter. Filming ran from March\u2013June 1986 with creature effects devised by Stan Winston; the budget was around $15 million. 20th Century Fox released the film on June 12, 1987 in the United States, where it grossed $98.3 million. It initially met with mixed-to-negative reviews, but has since been reappraised as a classic of the action genre.\nThe success of Predator spawned a media franchise of films, novels, comic books, video games, and toys. It spawned three direct sequels: Predator 2 (1990), Predators (2010) and The Predator (2018). A crossover with the Alien franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator films, which include Alien vs. Predator (2004) and Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007).", "Q975491": "Mark Van Doren (June 13, 1894 \u2013 December 10, 1972) was an American poet, writer and critic. He was a scholar and a professor of English at Columbia University for nearly 40 years, where he inspired a generation of influential writers and thinkers including Thomas Merton, Robert Lax, John Berryman, Whittaker Chambers, and Beat Generation writers such as Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac. He was literary editor of The Nation, in New York City (1924\u20131928), and its film critic, 1935 to 1938.He won the 1940 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for Collected Poems 1922\u20131938. Amongst his other notable works, many published in The Kenyon Review, include a collaboration with brother Carl Van Doren, American and British Literature since 1890 (1939); critical studies, The Poetry of John Dryden (1920), Shakespeare (1939), The Noble Voice (1945) and Nathaniel Hawthorne (1949); collections of poems including Jonathan Gentry (1931); stories; and the verse play The Last Days of Lincoln (1959).", "Q67611": "Grossh\u00f6chstetten is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018 the former municipality of Schlosswil merged into the municipality of Grossh\u00f6chstetten.", "Q68244": "Wohlen is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.", "Q530550": "Jesse Gregory James (born April 19, 1969) is an American television personality and former CEO of Austin, Texas-based Austin Speed Shop. James was the host of the reality TV shows Jesse James Is a Dead Man on Spike TV and Monster Garage on the Discovery Channel, and the focus of the documentary Motorcycle Mania, also on Discovery. Jesse James also appeared in the Tony Hawk's Underground 2 video game, and was the focus of a show chronicling some of the custom builds at Austin Speed Shop in his TV series, Jesse James: Outlaw Garage, which ran a shortened single season in 2012 on the Discovery Channel before being canceled.", "Q93790": "A Terminal Trust (\u7d42\u306e\u4fe1\u8a17, Tsui no Shintaku) is a 2012 Japanese drama film directed by Masayuki Suo and starring Tamiyo Kusakari, K\u014dji Yakusho, Tadanobu Asano and Takao Osawa. It is Suo's first fiction film since I Just Didn't Do It (2007).", "Q2927496": "Allan Huber \"Bud\" Selig (; born July 30, 1934) is an American baseball executive who currently serves as the Commissioner Emeritus of Baseball. Previously, he served as the ninth Commissioner of Baseball. He initially served as the acting commissioner beginning in 1992 before being named the official commissioner in 1998. Selig oversaw baseball through the 1994 strike, the introduction of the wild card, interleague play, and the merging of the National and American Leagues under the Office of the Commissioner. He was instrumental in organizing the World Baseball Classic in 2006. Selig also introduced revenue sharing. He is credited for the financial turnaround of baseball during his tenure with a 400 percent increase in the revenue of MLB and annual record breaking attendance.During Selig's term of service, the use of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs became a public issue. The Mitchell Report, commissioned by Selig, concluded that the MLB commissioners, club officials, the Players Association, and the players all share \"to some extent in the responsibility for the steroid era.\" Following the release of the Mitchell Report, Congressman Cliff Stearns called publicly for Selig to step down as commissioner, citing his \"glacial response\" to the \"growing stain on baseball.\" Selig has pledged on numerous occasions to rid baseball of performance-enhancing drugs, and has overseen and instituted many rule changes and penalties to that end.A Milwaukee native, Selig was previously the owner and team president of the Milwaukee Brewers. The franchise, originally known as the Seattle Pilots, was acquired by Selig in bankruptcy court in 1970, and renamed after the minor league team of the same name that he had watched in his youth and had existed until the arrival of the Braves in Milwaukee in 1953. Selig was credited with keeping baseball in Milwaukee. The Brewers went to the 1982 World Series (but were defeated in seven games by the St. Louis Cardinals, an event that Selig laments to this very day), and won seven Organization of the Year awards during his tenure. Selig remains a resident of Milwaukee.\nOn January 17, 2008, Selig's contract was extended through 2012, after which he planned to retire, but he then decided to stay as commissioner until the end of the 2014 season, a move approved by the owners on January 12, 2012, which would take his leadership past his 80th birthday. Selig made $14.5 million in the 12-month period ending October 31, 2005. Selig announced on September 26, 2013, that he would retire in January 2015. On January 22, 2015, MLB announced that Selig would formally step down from the office when his current term expired on January 24, 2015. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2017.", "Q114611": "Uwe George (born April 1, 1940, in Kiel, Germany) is a prize-winning German documentary film maker, science editor and writer.\nIn the 1960s, he studied birds in the Sahara Desert and wrote several ornithology articles on the nesting behavior and breeding biology of desert birds.\nGeorge learned the trade of cameraman at North German Broadcasting, a public institution based in Hamburg, and won the 1970 Adolf Grimme Award for a television documentary on the Sahara. He produced another fifteen documentaries on the scientific study of deserts and the ecology of tropical rain forests. \nHis first book was published in 1976 with 114 illustrations,\nIn den W\u00fcsten dieser Erde (Hoffmann und Campe, 1976).\nIts first English language edition was published in the United States next year, translated by Richard and Clara Winston, In the Deserts of this World (Harcourt Brace, 1977).\nThat work was recognized by the U.S. National Book Awardin category Translation.Beginning in 1976, George worked for the German periodical GEO, first as a free-lance writer \nand since 1979 as a full-time employee: science editor, photographer, and expedition leader. He is the author of numerous books and has won several awards for photography.\nHe won the Academy of Geoscience prize for journalists in 1993 and is honorary member of the Frankfurt Geographical Society since 1998. George won the annual Inge and Werner Gr\u00fcter Award for science journalism in 2000, which cited \"his outstanding contributions to the dissemination of scientific knowledge about desert research, botany, paleontology and evolution.\"", "Q615026": "Eddie \"Chank\" Willis (June 3, 1936 \u2013 August 20, 2018) was an American soul musician. Willis played electric guitar and occasional electric sitar for Motown's in-house studio band, The Funk Brothers, during the 1960s and early 1970s.", "Q229528": "Michelle Christine Trachtenberg (; born October 11, 1985) is an American actress and model. She played Jenny in EuroTrip (2004), Nona Mecklenberg in The Adventures of Pete & Pete (1994\u20131996), Dawn Summers in Buffy the Vampire Slayer (2000\u20132003), Harriet M. Welsch in Harriet the Spy (1996), and Georgina Sparks in Gossip Girl (2008\u20132012).", "Q172594": "Billy Garrett (April 24, 1933 in Princeton, Illinois \u2013 February 15, 1999 in Glendale, California) was an American racecar driver.\n\n", "Q5819": "Joseph (Jos\u00e9) Bov\u00e9 (born 11 June 1953 in Talence, Gironde) is a French farmer, politician and syndicalist, member of the alter-globalization movement, and spokesman for Via Campesina. He was one of the twelve official candidates in the 2007 French presidential election. He served in the European Parliament as a member of the European Greens in the 2009-2014 term, and also for the 2014-2019 term.\n\n", "Q67177": "Carl Wolmar Jakob Freiherr von Uexk\u00fcll (born 19 August 1944) is a writer, lecturer, philanthropist, activist and former politician. He served as a Member of the European Parliament 1987\u20131989, representing the German Green Party. In 1980, Uexkull founded the Right Livelihood Award, and in 2006, he co-founded the World Future Council. Born in Sweden, he holds both Swedish and German citizenship, and is a resident of the United Kingdom.", "Q809980": "Ashley Thomas (born 4 February 1985), also known by his stage name Bashy, is an English musician and actor, from Kensal Rise, London, England.", "Q1586395": "Harry Blech (1909\u20131999) was a British violinist and conductor. He founded the London Mozart Players in 1949, and was known also as a conductor of studio recordings for HMV and Decca Records.", "Q1273345": "John Marshall Alexander Jr. (June 9, 1929 \u2013 December 25, 1954), known by the stage name Johnny Ace, was an American rhythm-and-blues singer. He had a string of hit singles in the mid-1950s. He died of an accidental self-inflicted gunshot wound at the age of 25.\n\n", "Q510858": "Marjorie Margolies (; formerly Margolies-Mezvinsky; born June 21, 1942) is a fellow at the University of Pennsylvania Fels Institute of Government, an adjunct faculty member at the University of Pennsylvania, and a women's rights activist. She is a former journalist and a Democratic politician. From 1993 to 1995, she was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district.", "Q216900": "Kerava (Finnish pronunciation: [\u02c8ker\u0251\u028b\u0251]; Swedish: Kervo) is a town and municipality in Finland.\nIt is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Uusimaa region. The town has a population of 36,292 (31 January 2019) and covers an area of 30.79 square kilometres (11.89 sq mi) of which 0.17 km2 (0.066 sq mi) is water. The population density is 1,185.24 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,069.8/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish.", "Q1131870": "Coral Records was a subsidiary of Decca Records that was formed in 1949. Coral released music by the McGuire Sisters, Teresa Brewer, and Buddy Holly.Jazz and swing music were issued by Coral in the 1940s. After Bob Thiele became head of the label in 1954, he produced pop and rock musicians such as Buddy Holly, Jackie Wilson, Lawrence Welk, and Steve Lawrence and Eydie Gorm\u00e9. He also produced hit songs by his wife, Teresa Brewer.Coral stopped issuing new material in 1971. In 1973, MCA amalgamated Decca, Kapp Records, and Uni Records under the single MCA Records banner, and Coral was repositioned as a mid-line and budget album reissue label in the U.S. and internationally. This version of Coral (MCA Coral) lasted into the 1980s. Some product from MCA's former Vocalion Records budget label was manufactured with MCA Coral labels that bore Vocalion catalog numbers and was shipped in sleeves still bearing the Vocalion trademark, presumably to cut costs.", "Q261550": "Hollywood Canteen is a 1944 American musical romantic comedy film starring Joan Leslie, Robert Hutton, Dane Clark and features many stars (appearing as themselves) in cameo roles. and produced by Warner Bros. The film was written and directed by Delmer Daves and received three Oscar nominations.", "Q19360323": "Magnolia Factory (\u3053\u3076\u3057\u30d5\u30a1\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc, Kobushi Fakutori) was a Japanese girl idol group, formed by Up Front Group under the umbrella of Hello! Project in January 2015. The group was initially composed of eight girls who were members of Hello Pro Kenshusei. Their sister group is Camellia Factory. They disbanded on March 30, 2020.", "Q66269": "Rorschacherberg is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.", "Q365044": "Adolfo Celi (Italian pronunciation: [a\u02c8dolfo \u02c8t\u0283\u025b\u02d0li]; 27th July 1922 \u2013 19 February 1986) was an Italian film actor and director. Born in Curcuraci, Messina, Sicily, Celi appeared in nearly 100 films, specialising in international villains. Although a prominent actor in Italian cinema and famed for many roles, he is best remembered internationally for his portrayal of Emilio Largo in the 1965 James Bond film Thunderball. Celi later spoofed his Thunderball role in the film OK Connery (aka Operation Double 007) opposite Sean Connery's brother, Neil Connery.", "Q448399": "Nayantara Sahgal (born 10 May 1927) is an Indian writer who writes in English. She is a member of the Nehru\u2013Gandhi family, the second of the three daughters born to Jawaharlal Nehru's sister, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.\nShe was awarded the 1986 Sahitya Akademi Award for her English novel Rich Like Us (1985).", "Q193018": "Giovanni \"Gianni\" Rodari (23 October 1920 \u2013 14 April 1980) was an Italian writer and journalist, most famous for his children's books, notably Il romanzo di Cipollino. For his lasting contribution as a children's writer he received the biennial Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1970 and many consider him Italy's most important twentieth-century children's author. His books have been translated into many languages, though few have been published in English.", "Q91187": "Ludwig Marum (5 November 1882 \u2013 2 April 1934) was a German politician, an early victim of the Nazi Party after it came to power in 1933.", "Q574312": "Albert Viljam Hagelin (24 April 1881 \u2013 25 May 1946) was a Norwegian businessman and opera singer who became the Minister of Domestic Affairs in the Quisling regime, the puppet government headed by Vidkun Quisling during Germany's World War II occupation of Norway.A native of Bergen, Hagelin was sentenced to death during the Norwegian post-war trials. He was executed by firing squad at Oslo's Akershus Fortress, where many of the 37 individuals condemned for treason and war crimes were executed.\n\n", "Q160190": "Louis the Younger (830/835 \u2013 20 January 882), sometimes Louis III, was the second eldest of the three sons of Louis the German and Emma. He succeeded his father as the King of Saxony on 28 August 876 and his elder brother Carloman as King of Bavaria from 880 to 882. He died in 882 and was succeeded in all his territories, which encompassed most of East Francia, by his younger brother, Charles the Fat, already king of Italy and emperor.", "Q659238": "Ariel Marcus Rosenberg ( AR-ee-el; born June 24, 1978), also known as Ariel Pink, is an American musician, singer, and songwriter whose work draws heavily from 1970s\u20131980s pop radio. His lo-fi aesthetic and home-recorded albums proved influential to many indie musicians starting in the late 2000s. He is frequently cited as \"godfather\" of the hypnagogic pop and chillwave movements, and he is credited with galvanizing a larger trend involving the evocation of the media, sounds, and outmoded technologies of prior decades.A native of Los Angeles, Pink began experimenting with recording songs on an eight-track Portastudio as a teenager. His early influences were artists such as Michael Jackson, the Cure, and R. Stevie Moore. The majority of his recorded output stems from a prolific eight-year period (1996\u20132003) in which he accumulated over 200 cassette tapes of material. Virtually all of his music released in the 2000s was written and recorded before 2004, the same year he debuted on Animal Collective's Paw Tracks label with The Doldrums (2000), followed with House Arrest (2002) and Worn Copy (2003). The albums immediately attracted a cult following.In the 2000s, Pink's unusual sound prompted a renewed critical discussion of hauntological phenomena, for which he was a central figure. Until 2014, his records were usually credited to \"Ariel Pink's Haunted Graffiti\", a solo project sometimes conflated with his touring band. His fame and recognition escalated following the success of his 2010 album Before Today, his first recorded in a professional studio. Since then, he has recorded three more albums: Mature Themes (2012), Pom Pom (2014), and Dedicated to Bobby Jameson (2017). He has also collaborated with a variety of other artists.", "Q460415": "The Pope Must Die (U.S./Canadian alternative title The Pope Must Diet!) is a 1991 comedy film directed by Peter Richardson and released by Palace Pictures with the backing of Channel 4 Films. The script was written by Richardson with Pete Richens, derived from elements of an earlier screenplay for a three-part mini-series satirising the Catholic Church, which was rejected by Channel 4. The Pope Must Die stars Robbie Coltrane as a low ranking priest who is mistakenly elected Pope, then has to avoid being assassinated by the Mafia. The film co-stars Adrian Edmondson, Annette Crosbie, Herbert Lom, Alex Rocco and Richardson.\nThe film was originally planned as a part of a three-part mini series for Channel 4, which was cancelled by the station after press outcry. This led Richardson to sever his long relationship with Channel 4 and move his future productions to the BBC. The budget for the film was later approved by Palace Pictures with the backing of Channel 4 Films.\nThe production was filmed in 1990 in the former Yugoslavia on a budget of \u00a32.5 million.\nThe film's subject matter was controversial, which caused the distributors serious difficulties with its promotion, London Transport refusing to carry advertising for it until the film's posters were censored. In the United States the Big Three television networks refused to show commercials for the film, which they said was sacrilegious and offensive. Many newspapers in the US also censored or refused to carry advertising for the film. \n\n", "Q367653": "Gregory Oliver Hines (February 14, 1946 \u2013 August 9, 2003) was an American dancer, actor, choreographer and singer. He is considered one of the most celebrated tap dancers of all time.\nHines starred in more than 40 films and also made his mark on Broadway during his lifetime. He was the recipient of many accolades, including a Daytime Emmy Award, a Drama Desk Award and a Tony Award, as well as nominations for a Screen Actors Guild Award and four Primetime Emmy Awards.", "Q73102": "Franz F\u00fchmann (15 January 1922 \u2013 8 July 1984) was a German writer who lived and worked in East Germany. He wrote in a variety of formats, including short stories, essays, screenplays and children's books. Influenced by Nazism in his youth, he later embraced (and renounced) socialism.", "Q121899": "Jane M. Lindskold is an American writer of fantasy and science fiction short stories and novels.", "Q65953": "Krattigen is a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nIt is located on a hill overlooking Lake Thun.", "Q1031131": "Mariska G\u00e1rdos (1 May 1885 \u2013 23 January 1973) was a Hungarian feminist, union organizer, journalist and editor. She was a founding member of the Union of Trade Employees (Hungarian: Kereskedelmi Alkalmazottak Szakegylete (KAS)) while still a teenager and helped to found the National Association of Woman Workers in Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarorsz\u00e1gi Munk\u00e1sn\u0151k Orsz\u00e1gos Egyes\u00fclete (MME)) in 1904. After the post-World War I socialist and Communist governments were crushed in 1920, G\u00e1rdos was forced to flee into exile before returning in 1932. She joined the Communist Party as the Soviets occupied Hungary in 1945 and helped to found the Democratic Alliance of Hungarian Women (Hungarian: Magyar N\u0151k Demokratikus Sz\u00f6vets\u00e9ge (MNDSz)), but resigned shortly afterwards.", "Q1017848": "Butch Hancock (born July 12, 1945 in Lubbock, Texas), is a country/folk music recording artist and songwriter. Hancock is a member of The Flatlanders along with Joe Ely and Jimmie Dale Gilmore, but he has principally performed solo.\n\n", "Q254500": "Alessandra Carina Mastronardi (born February 18, 1986) is an Italian actress. She is best known for her roles in the film To Rome with Love and the television series Master of None the latter for which she garnered a nomination for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2017.", "Q130994": "Colmar (French: Colmar, pronounced [k\u0254lma\u0281]; Alsatian: Colmer [\u02c8kolm\u0259\u0281]; German during 1871\u20131918 and 1940\u20131945: Kolmar) is a city and commune in the Haut-Rhin department and Grand Est region of north-eastern France. The third-largest commune in Alsace (after Strasbourg and Mulhouse), it is the seat of the prefecture of the Haut-Rhin department and of the subprefecture of the Colmar-Ribeauvill\u00e9 arrondissement.\nThe city is renowned for its well-preserved old town, its numerous architectural landmarks, and its museums, among which is the Unterlinden Museum, which houses the Isenheim Altarpiece.\nColmar is situated on the Alsatian Wine Route and considers itself to be the \"capital of Alsatian wine\" (capitale des vins d'Alsace).", "Q753932": "Izvestia (Russian: \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f, IPA: [\u026az\u02c8v\u02b2es\u02b2t\u02b2\u026aj\u0259]) is a daily broadsheet newspaper in Russia. It was a newspaper of record in the Soviet Union from 1917 until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.The word izvestiya in Russian means \"delivered messages\", derived from the verb izveshchat (\"to inform\", \"to notify\"). In the context of newspapers it is usually translated as \"news\" or \"reports\".", "Q1257218": "Christopher Ruddy (born January 28, 1965) is the CEO of Newsmax Media, which publishes Newsmax.com and broadcasts the Newsmax TV network. Media-industry magazine Folio named Ruddy to its \"Folio 40,\" an \"annual list of magazine industry influencers\". Multichannel News named Ruddy one of its 10 \u201cTV News Titans.\u201d", "Q515713": "Mich\u00e8le Fitoussi (born 24 November 1954) is a French writer. She is of Tunisian descent.", "Q1175001": "David Kitt (born 1975 in Dublin, Ireland) is an Irish musician. He has released six studio albums to date: Small Moments, The Big Romance, Square 1, The Black and Red Notebook, Not Fade Away and The Nightsaver. He is the son of former Irish politician Tom Kitt.", "Q99530": "Manfred Ostermann (born 1958) is a German local politician and an independent. In 2007 he was elected as the chief executive (Landrat) of the district of Soltau-Fallingbostel for an initial term of 8 years.", "Q501766": "Murfreesboro is a city in, and the county seat of, Rutherford County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 108,755 according to the 2010 census, up from 68,816 residents certified in 2000. In 2018, census estimates showed a population of 141,344. Murfreesboro is located in the Nashville metropolitan area of Middle Tennessee, 34 miles (55 km) southeast of downtown Nashville, and is the largest suburb of Nashville and the sixth largest city in Tennessee. The city is home to both the center of population of Tennessee and the geographic center of Tennessee. \nSince the 1990s, Murfreesboro has been Tennessee's fastest growing major city and one of the fastest growing cities in the country. Murfreesboro is also home to Middle Tennessee State University, the second largest undergraduate university in the state of Tennessee, with 22,729 total students as of fall 2014.In 2006, Murfreesboro was ranked by Money as the 84th best place to live in the United States, out of 745 cities with a population over 50,000. In 2018, Murfreesboro was ranked by Money as the 19th best place to live in the United States.", "Q642195": "Ivan Grigorievitch Naumovich (Polish: Iwan Naumowicz, Russian: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0447, Ukrainian: \u0406\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0430\u0443\u0301\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447; (January 14, 1826 \u2013 August 16, 1891), was a priest, member of parliament, writer, and major figure in the Russophile movement in western Ukraine. His article Glimpse into the future was considered the most important manifesto of Galician Russophilism", "Q49261": "Mesa ( MAY-s\u0259) is a city in Maricopa County, in the U.S. state of Arizona. It is a suburb located about 20 miles (32 km) east of Phoenix in the East Valley section of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. It is bordered by Tempe on the west, the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community on the north, Chandler and Gilbert on the south along with Queen Creek, and Apache Junction on the east.\nMesa is the largest suburban city by population in the United States, the third-largest city in Arizona after Phoenix and Tucson, the 35th-largest city overall in the US, and the largest city that is not a county seat. The city is home to 508,958 people as of 2018 according to the Census Bureau, which makes it more populous than major cities such as Minneapolis, St. Louis, or Miami. Mesa is home to numerous higher education facilities including the Polytechnic campus of Arizona State University. It is also home to the largest relief airport in the Phoenix area, Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport, which is located in the southeastern corner of the city.", "Q2145": "Quebec City ( (listen) or ; French: Ville de Qu\u00e9bec, Western Abnaki: Kephek), officially Qu\u00e9bec ([keb\u025bk] (listen)), is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2016 the city had a population of 531,902, and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296. It is the eleventh largest city and the seventh largest metropolitan area in Canada.\nThe Algonquian people had originally named the area K\u00e9bec, an Algonquin word meaning \"where the river narrows\", because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant. Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608, and adopted the Algonquin name. Quebec City is one of the oldest European cities in North America. The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec (Vieux-Qu\u00e9bec) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico. This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the \"Historic District of Old Qu\u00e9bec\".The city's landmarks include the Ch\u00e2teau Frontenac hotel that dominates the skyline and the Citadelle of Quebec, an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence. The National Assembly of Quebec (provincial legislature), the Mus\u00e9e national des beaux-arts du Qu\u00e9bec (National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec), and the Mus\u00e9e de la civilisation (Museum of Civilization) are found within or near Vieux-Qu\u00e9bec.", "Q237925": "Jillian Noel Hennessy (born November 25, 1968) is a Canadian actress and musician. She is most known for her roles on the American television series Law & Order, on which she played prosecutor Claire Kincaid for three seasons, and Crossing Jordan, on which she played the lead character, Jordan Cavanaugh, for six seasons. She has also acted in films such as RoboCop 3 and Most Wanted, and the independent films Chutney Popcorn and The Acting Class, the latter of which she also wrote and co-directed.", "Q84207": "Volker Helmut Manfred Zotz (born October 28, 1956) is an eminent Austrian philosopher, religious studies scholar, Buddhologist and a prolific author.", "Q766989": "Rene Ricard (July 23, 1946 \u2013 February 1, 2014) was an American poet, actor, art critic, and painter.", "Q388319": "Star Trek: Nemesis is a 2002 American science-fiction film directed by Stuart Baird. It is the tenth film in the Star Trek film series, as well as the fourth and final film to star the cast of Star Trek: The Next Generation. It was written by John Logan from a story developed by Logan, Brent Spiner, and producer Rick Berman. In the film, which is set in the 24th century, the crew of the USS Enterprise-E are forced to deal with a threat to the United Federation of Planets from a clone of Captain Picard named Shinzon, who has taken control of the Romulan Star Empire in a coup d'\u00e9tat.\nPrincipal photography for the film took place from November 2001 to March 2002. The film was released in North America on December 13, 2002 by Paramount Pictures, and received generally mixed reviews, with publications criticizing it for being the least successful in the franchise. The film was a box office failure, earning $67 million worldwide against a $60 million budget. Plans for a final film featuring The Next Generation cast were scrapped, and the film series was rebooted instead with Star Trek in 2009.\n\n", "Q240575": "Noor Al-Hussein (Arabic: \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u200e; born Lisa Najeeb Halaby on August 23, 1951) is the Queen Dowager of Jordan as the widow of King Hussein. She was his fourth spouse and Queen Consort between their marriage in 1978 and his death in 1999.\nShe is the longest-standing member of the Board of Commissioners of the International Commission on Missing Persons. As of 2011, she is president of the United World Colleges movement and an advocate of the anti-nuclear weapons proliferation campaign Global Zero. In 2015, Queen Noor received Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson Award for her public service.", "Q124739": "Tijuana (US: tee-(H)WAH-n\u0259, Spanish: [ti\u02c8xwana] (listen)) is the largest city of both Baja California State and the Baja Peninsula. It is part of the San Diego\u2013Tijuana transborder urban agglomeration and the larger Southern California megalopolis. As the 6th-largest city in Mexico and center of the 6th-largest metro area in Mexico, Tijuana exerts a strong influence in education and politics \u2013 across Mexico, in transportation, culture and art \u2013 across all three Californias (the U.S. state of California, Baja California and Baja California Sur), and in manufacturing and as a migration hub \u2013 across the North American continent. Currently one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in Mexico, Tijuana maintains GaWC 'sufficiency city' status. As of 2015, the city of Tijuana had a population of 1,641,570.Tijuana is located on the Gold Coast of Baja California, and is the municipal seat and the cultural and commercial center of Tijuana Municipality (Mexican states are divided into municipalities, rather than counties as in the U.S.). Tijuana covers 70% of the territory of the municipality and contains 80% of its population. A dominant manufacturing center of the North American continent, the city maintains facilities of many multinational conglomerate companies. In the early 21st century, Tijuana became the medical-device manufacturing capital of North America. Tijuana is also a growing cultural center and has been recognized as an important new cultural mecca. The city is the most visited border city in the world; sharing a border of about 24 km (15 mi) with its sister city San Diego. More than fifty million people cross the border between these two cities every year. This metropolitan crossing makes the San Ysidro Port of Entry the fourth busiest land-border crossing in the world. It is estimated that the two border crossing stations between the cities proper of San Diego and Tijuana account for 300,000 daily border crossings alone.Tijuana is the 45th largest city in the Americas and is the westernmost city in Mexico. According to the 2015 census, the Tijuana metropolitan area was the fifth-largest in Mexico, with a population of 1,840,710, but rankings vary, the city (locality) itself was 6th largest and the municipality (administrative) 3rd largest nationally. The international metropolitan region was estimated at about 5,158,459 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in the former Californias region, 19th largest metropolitan area in the Americas, and the largest bi-national conurbation that is shared between US and Mexico. Tijuana is becoming more suburbanized like San Diego.\nTijuana traces its modern history to the arrival of Spanish explorers in the 16th century who were mapping the coast of the Californias. As the American occupation of the Mexican capital ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Tijuana's new international position on the border gave rise to a new economic and political structure. The city was founded on July 11, 1889 as urban development began. Often known by its supposed initials, T.J., and nicknamed Gateway to Mexico, the city has historically served as a tourist center dating back to the 1880s.", "Q40523": "Julia Fiona Roberts (born October 28, 1967) is an American actress and producer. She established herself as a leading lady in Hollywood after headlining the romantic comedy film Pretty Woman (1990), which grossed $464 million worldwide. She has won three Golden Globe Awards, from eight nominations, and has been nominated for four Academy Awards for her film acting, winning the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Erin Brockovich (2000).\nHer films have collectively brought box office receipts of over US$2.8 billion, making her one of the most bankable actresses in Hollywood. Her most successful films include Mystic Pizza (1988), Steel Magnolias (1989), Pretty Woman (1990), Sleeping with the Enemy (1991), The Pelican Brief (1993), My Best Friend's Wedding (1997), Notting Hill (1999), Runaway Bride (1999), Erin Brockovich (2000), Ocean's Eleven (2001), Ocean's Twelve (2004), Charlie Wilson's War (2007), Valentine's Day (2010), Eat Pray Love (2010), Money Monster (2016), and Wonder (2017). Roberts was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her performance in the HBO television film The Normal Heart (2014). In 2018, she starred in the Prime Video psychological thriller series Homecoming.\nRoberts was the highest-paid actress in the world throughout most of the 1990s and in the first half of the 2000s. Her fee for 1990's Pretty Woman was US$300,000; in 2003, she was paid an unprecedented $25 million for her role in Mona Lisa Smile (2003). As of 2017, Roberts's net worth was estimated to be $170 million. People magazine has named her the most beautiful woman in the world a record five times.", "Q551151": "Anja Kampe (born 1968) is a German-Italian operatic soprano. She is notable for her performances in major opera houses of the works of Richard Wagner and other German and Austrian composers.", "Q83568": "Peter J. \"Pete\" Biondi (June 23, 1942 \u2013 November 10, 2011) was an American Republican Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1998 until his death in 2011, where he represented the 16th Legislative District.\nBiondi was born in Newark, New Jersey. He graduated from Union High School.Biondi served on the Somerset County Youth Services Commission from 1996 until his death and as its Co-Chair in 1997. He served on the Hillsborough Township Planning Board from 1986 to 1999, served on the Hillsborough Township Committee from 1983 to 1993, served as the Township's Deputy Mayor in 1985 and as its Mayor from 1986 to 1993. Biondi served on the Somerset County Board of Chosen Freeholders from 1994 to 1997, was its Director in 1996 and its Deputy Director in 1995. He served on the Industrial Pollution Control Financing Authority in 1997. Biondi was a member of the Somerset County Planning Board from 1994 to 1996. Biondi served in the United States Army Reserve from 1961 to 1967.He served as the Republican Conference Leader starting in 2006 and was the Assembly's Assistant Republican Leader from 2002 to 2003. Biondi served in the Assembly on the Regulated Professions Committee, the Intergovernmental Relations Commission and the Legislative Services Commission.Biondi introduced a bill in the 2006 legislative session which would require operators of all \"public forum websites\" to gather the full names and addresses of all persons posting on such websites, and turn such information over to anyone claiming the posting of \"false or defamatory information\", with the penalty for failure to comply being liability for lawsuits relating to the posting of the information (under libel laws). The requirement is specifically on any ISP or similar entity doing business in New Jersey to require anyone using said entity's facilities for website posting to gather and make available said information. News of this bill has reached outlets as widely read as Slashdot on March 6, 2006.In October 2011, Biondi publicly disclosed that he had been diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma about one year earlier, and that he had undergone chemotherapy and believed the disease was in remission. On election day, November 8, 2011, Biondi was re-elected to what would have been his eighth term in the Assembly. He died two days later at the age of 69.He was succeeded by Republican Donna Simon, who filled out his term.", "Q767329": "Bernard Forest de B\u00e9lidor (1698, Catalonia, Spain \u2013 8 September 1761, Paris, France) was a French engineer, significant to the development of the science of hydraulics and ballistics.\n\nHe was the son of Jean Baptiste Foret de Belidor, an officer of dragoons, and his wife, Marie H\u00e9ber but was orphaned at five months old and brought up by the family of his godfather, an artillery officer named de Fossi\u00e9bourg. B\u00e9lidor enlisted in the army at a young age. After leaving the army, he developed an interest in science and engineering, and became professor of artillery at the school of F\u00e8re-en-Tardenois in Aisne. For a while he worked on measuring the arc of the earth. In the years to come he published several works of great importance, on a wide range of subjects, including hydraulics, mathematics, and civil and military engineering. His most famous book is L'architecture hydraulique (published in four volumes from 1737-1753). Here, integral calculus is used for the first time in solving technical problems.B\u00e9lidor was the teacher of Peter the Great\u2019s Ethiopian favourite, Abram Petrovich Gannibal. In November 1726, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.He married the daughter or granddaughter of de Fossi\u00e9bourg.", "Q455323": "Bj\u00f8rg Vik (11 September 1935 \u2013 7 January 2018) was a Norwegian novelist, short story writer, playwright and journalist.\n\n", "Q4747436": "Amory \"Amo\" Houghton Jr. (August 7, 1926 \u2013 March 4, 2020) was a Republican politician from the U.S. state of New York. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives and was a member of one of upstate New York's most prominent business and political families, the Houghtons.", "Q209175": "Kim Victoria Cattrall (; born 21 August 1956) is a British-born Canadian actress. She is best known for her role as Samantha Jones on HBO's Sex and the City (1998\u20132004), for which she received five Emmy Award nominations and four Golden Globe Award nominations, winning the 2002 Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress. She reprised the role in the films Sex and the City (2008) and Sex and the City 2 (2010).\nCattrall made her film debut in Rosebud (1975) and went on to appear in various television roles. She came to prominence in the 1980s with films such as Ticket to Heaven (1981), Police Academy (1984), City Limits (1985), Big Trouble in Little China (1986), Mannequin (1987), Masquerade (1988), Midnight Crossing (1988), and The Return of the Musketeers (1989). She worked on several occasions with director Bob Clark, appearing in four of his films: Tribute (1980), Porky's (1981), Turk 182 (1985), and Baby Geniuses (1999). Her other film credits include The Bonfire of the Vanities (1990), Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991), Split Second (1992), Above Suspicion (1995), 15 Minutes (2001), Crossroads (2002), Ice Princess (2005), My Boy Jack (2007), The Ghost Writer (2010), and Meet Monica Velour (2010).\nOn stage, Cattrall appeared in the 1986 Broadway production of Michael Frayn's Wild Honey. Her other stage credits include August Strindberg's Miss Julie (McCarter Theatre Center, 1993), Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra (Liverpool Playhouse, 2010), No\u00ebl Coward's Private Lives (Broadway, 2011), and Tennessee Williams' Sweet Bird of Youth (The Old Vic, 2013).\nFrom 2014 to 2016, Cattrall starred and served as executive producer on the HBO Canada series Sensitive Skin, for which she received a nomination for the Canadian Screen Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series. She currently stars on the web television series Tell Me a Story (2018\u2013present).", "Q84561": "Hans Thirring (March 23, 1888 \u2013 March 22, 1976) was an Austrian theoretical physicist, professor, and father of the physicist Walter Thirring. He won the Haitinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1920.Together with the mathematician Josef Lense, he is known for the prediction of the Lense\u2013Thirring frame dragging effect of general relativity in 1918.He received a deferment during World War I because he had broken one of his feet while skiing.\nHe was a leading pacifist before the Anschluss and after World War II.\nBut he could not save his older son, who was declared missing in action during the final two months of World War II. His body was never located.Hans Thirring served as assistant, professor, and head of the institute for theoretical physics of\nthe University of Vienna until his forced retirement in 1938 after the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany. After the end of World War II, he was reinstated and became dean of the philosophical faculty in the years 1946\u20131947. He was also active in the Socialist Party of Austria and served as member of the Federal Council of Austria during 1957\u20131963.", "Q16003": "F\u00fcrstenfeldbruck is a town in Bavaria, Germany, located 32 kilometres west of Munich. It is the capital of the district of F\u00fcrstenfeldbruck. As of 2004 it has a population of 35,494. Since the 1930s, F\u00fcrstenfeldbruck has had an air force base.\nThe name of F\u00fcrstenfeldbruck is composed of two parts, namely 'Bruck', Bavarian dialect for 'bridge' (meaning the bridge over the Amper river) and after the famous monastery of F\u00fcrstenfeld Abbey.", "Q48619": "Vijay Singh Deol (born 27 January 1969), better known as Bobby Deol, is an Indian film actor who works in Hindi films. He is the recipient of a Filmfare Award and a Filmfare Best Actor Award nomination.\nDeol briefly appeared as a child actor in the film Dharam Veer in 1977 and made his acting debut as an adult in Barsaat (1995) which garnered him the Filmfare Best Debut Award. Subsequently, he was featured in several commercially successful films including the 1997 suspense thriller Gupt, the 1998 action thriller Soldier, the 2000 action thrillers Badal and Bichhoo, the 2001 suspense Ajnabee, the 2002 romantic thriller Humraaz for which he was nominated for the Filmfare Best Actor Award, the 2007 sports drama Apne and the 2011 comedy Yamla Pagla Deewana. His other notable work includes Kareeb (1998) and Dillagi (1999).", "Q19330": "Maxine Hong Kingston (Chinese: \u6e6f\u5a77\u5a77; born Maxine Ting Ting Hong; October 27, 1940) is a Chinese American author and Professor Emerita at the University of California, Berkeley, where she graduated with a BA in English in 1962. Kingston has written three novels and several works of non-fiction about the experiences of Chinese Americans.\nKingston has contributed to the feminist movement with such works as her memoir The Woman Warrior, which discusses gender and ethnicity and how these concepts affect the lives of women. She has received several awards for her contributions to Chinese American literature, including the National Book Award for Nonfiction in 1981 for China Men.Kingston has received significant criticism for reinforcing racist stereotypes in her work and for fictionalizing traditional Chinese stories in order to appeal to Western perceptions of Chinese people. She has also garnered criticism from Asian scholars for her \"over-exaggeration of Asian American female oppression\".", "Q135152": "Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans, KG (8 May 1670 \u2013 10 May 1726) was an illegitimate son of King Charles II of England by his mistress Nell Gwyn.", "Q3045977": "EMI Classics was a record label founded by EMI in 1990 in order to reduce the need to create country-specific packaging and catalogs for internationally distributed classical music releases. Following the European Commission's approval of the takeover of EMI Group by Universal Music in September 2012, EMI Classics was listed for divestment. The label was sold to Warner Music Group, which absorbed EMI Classics into Warner Classics in 2013.\nClassical recordings were formerly simultaneously released under combinations of Angel, Seraphim, Odeon, Columbia, His Master's Voice, and other labels, in part because competitors own these names in various countries. These were moved under the EMI Classics umbrella to avoid the trademark problems. Prior to this, compact discs distributed globally bore the Angel Records recording angel logo that EMI owned globally. Releases created for distribution in specific countries continued to be distributed under the historical names, with the exception of Columbia, since EMI had sold the Columbia name to Sony Music Entertainment. The red logo harkens back to the Red Seal releases, introduced by EMI predecessor the Gramophone Company in 1902: HMV classical releases were issued with red labels.\nEMI Classics also included the Virgin Classics label, both of them were formerly managed under The Blue Note Label Group in the U.S. until 2013.\nWith the sale of EMI to Universal Music Group in 2012, European regulators forced Universal Music to divest itself of EMI Classics, which was operated with other European EMI assets to be divested as the Parlophone Label Group. In February 2013, Universal Music sold the Parlophone Label Group, including EMI Classics and Virgin Classics, to Warner Music Group. The European Union approved the deal on May 2013, and WMG took control of the label on 1 July 2013. It was then announced that the EMI Classics artist roster and catalogue would be absorbed into the Warner Classics label and Virgin Classics would be absorbed into Erato Records.", "Q2349562": "Gen. Juan Andreu Almaz\u00e1n (May 12, 1891 \u2013 October 9, 1965) was a Mexican revolutionary general, politician and businessman. He held high posts in the Mexican Army in the 1920s and ran for the presidency of Mexico in 1940 in a highly disputed election, having accumulated great wealth from construction. General Almaz\u00e1n became one of Mexico's wealthiest citizens at the beginning of the 1940s.", "Q980183": "Joseph Christopher Chocola (born February 24, 1962) is an American businessman, lawyer, and former politician. A member of the Republican Party, Chocola served in the United States House of Representatives from 2003 to 2007, representing Indiana's 2nd congressional district.\nIn 2002, Chocola ran for the U.S. House, defeating former Democratic congresswoman Jill Long Thompson. Chocola was a member of the Agriculture, Small Business, Transportation and Infrastructure, and Ways and Means committees. In 2004, he defeated lawyer and then-Mishawaka Marian School Board President Joe Donnelly, later losing in a rematch against Donnelly in 2006.After leaving Congress, Chocola served as president of the Club for Growth, a fiscally conservative 501(c)4 organization, from 2009 through the end of 2014.", "Q269681": "Brooke Elliott (born November 16, 1974) is an American actress and singer. She has appeared in musical theatre, including the US tours of Beauty and the Beast and Wicked, and the Broadway productions of Taboo and The Pirate Queen. She is best known for her role as Jane Bingum on the Lifetime series Drop Dead Diva.", "Q82110": "Steven Frederic Seagal (; born April 10, 1952) is an American actor, producer, screenwriter, martial artist, and musician who holds American, Serbian, and Russian citizenship.\nSeagal was born in Lansing, Michigan. A 7th-dan black belt in aikido, he began his adult life as a martial arts instructor in Japan, becoming the first foreigner to operate an aikido dojo in the country. He later moved to Los Angeles, California, where he had the same profession. In 1988, Seagal made his acting debut in Above the Law. By 1991, he had starred in four successful films. In 1992, he played Navy SEAL counter-terrorist expert Casey Ryback in Under Siege. During the latter half of the 1990s, Seagal starred in three more feature films and the direct-to-video film The Patriot. Subsequently, his career shifted to mostly direct-to-video productions. He has since appeared in films and reality shows, including Steven Seagal: Lawman, which depicted Seagal performing his duties as a reserve deputy sheriff.\nSeagal is a guitarist and has released two studio albums, Songs from the Crystal Cave and Mojo Priest, and performed on the scores of several of his films. He has worked with Stevie Wonder and Tony Rebel, who both performed on his debut album. He has also been involved in a line of \"therapeutic oil\" products and energy drinks. In addition, Seagal is a known environmentalist, animal rights activist, and supporter of 14th Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso. He is known for his outspoken political views and support of Vladimir Putin, to whom he once referred as \"one of the great living world leaders\". He was granted Russian citizenship in 2016. In 2018, he was appointed Russia's special envoy to the U.S.From 1996 to 2018, multiple women accused Seagal of sexual harassment or assault.", "Q356303": "Albert Brooks (born Albert Lawrence Einstein; July 22, 1947) is an American actor, comedian, writer and director. He received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for 1987's Broadcast News and was widely praised for his performance in the 2011 film Drive. His voice acting credits include Marlin in Finding Nemo (2003) and Finding Dory (2016), Tiberius in The Secret Life of Pets (2016) and recurring guest voices for The Simpsons, including Russ Cargill in The Simpsons Movie (2007) and Hank Scorpio. He has written, directed, and starred in several comedy films, such as Modern Romance (1981), Lost in America (1985), and Defending Your Life (1991). He is also the author of 2030: The Real Story of What Happens to America (2011).", "Q214642": "Paul Benjamin Auster (born February 3, 1947) is an American writer and film director. His notable works include The New York Trilogy (1987), Moon Palace (1989), The Music of Chance (1990), The Book of Illusions (2002), The Brooklyn Follies (2005), Invisible (2009), Sunset Park (2010), Winter Journal (2012), and 4 3 2 1 (2017). His books have been translated into more than forty languages.", "Q35802": "Baruch Spinoza (, Dutch: [ba\u02d0\u02c8rux sp\u026a\u02c8no\u02d0za\u02d0]; born Benedito de Espinosa, Portuguese: [b\u0268n\u0268\u02c8\u00f0itu \u00f0\u0268 \u0283pi\u02c8n\u0254z\u0250]; later Benedict de Spinoza; 24 November 1632 \u2013 21 February 1677) was a Dutch philosopher of Portuguese Sephardi origin. One of the early thinkers of the Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism, including modern conceptions of the self and the universe, he came to be considered one of the great rationalists of 17th-century philosophy. Inspired by the groundbreaking ideas of Ren\u00e9 Descartes, Spinoza became a leading philosophical figure of the Dutch Golden Age. Spinoza's given name, which means \"Blessed\", varies among different languages. In Hebrew, it is written \u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05da \u05e9\u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d6\u05d4. His Portuguese name is Benedito \"Bento\" de Espinosa or d'Espinosa. In his Latin works, he used Latin: Benedictus de Spinoza.\nSpinoza was raised in the Portuguese-Jewish community in Amsterdam. He developed highly controversial ideas regarding the authenticity of the Hebrew Bible and the nature of the Divine. Jewish religious authorities issued a herem (\u05d7\u05e8\u05dd) against him, causing him to be effectively expelled and shunned by Jewish society at age 23, including by his own family. His books were later added to the Catholic Church's Index of Forbidden Books. He was frequently called an \"atheist\" by contemporaries, although nowhere in his work does Spinoza argue against the existence of God.Spinoza lived an outwardly simple life as an optical lens grinder, collaborating on microscope and telescope lens designs with Constantijn and Christiaan Huygens. He turned down rewards and honours throughout his life, including prestigious teaching positions. He died at the age of 44 in 1677 from a lung illness, perhaps tuberculosis or silicosis exacerbated by the inhalation of fine glass dust while grinding lenses. He is buried in the Christian churchyard of Nieuwe Kerk in The Hague.Spinoza's magnum opus, the Ethics, was published posthumously in the year of his death. The work opposed Descartes' philosophy of mind\u2013body dualism, and earned Spinoza recognition as one of Western philosophy's most important thinkers. In it, \"Spinoza wrote the last indisputable Latin masterpiece, and one in which the refined conceptions of medieval philosophy are finally turned against themselves and destroyed entirely\". Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel said, \"The fact is that Spinoza is made a testing-point in modern philosophy, so that it may really be said: You are either a Spinozist or not a philosopher at all.\" His philosophical accomplishments and moral character prompted Gilles Deleuze to name him \"the 'prince' of philosophers.\"\n\n", "Q183586": "Harold Gerard Mosier (July 24, 1889 \u2013 August 7, 1971) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.\nMosier was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He attended East High School in Cleveland, Ohio. He was graduated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, in 1912 and from the law department of Harvard University in 1915. He was admitted to the bar in 1916 and commenced practice in Cleveland. He served as a member of the Ohio Senate 1933-1935 and was the 45th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio 1935-1937.\nMosier was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-fifth Congress (January 3, 1937 \u2013 January 3, 1939). He sat on the Dies Committee.\nHe was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1938. He resumed the practice of law in Cleveland, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C.. He was Counsel to Glenn L. Martin Co. and the Aircraft Industries Association. He retired in 1961.\nHe resided in Washington, D.C., until his death there on August 7, 1971. He was interred in Fort Lincoln Cemetery.\nMosier married Grace Hoyt Jones of Columbus, Ohio, April 20, 1918.", "Q395348": "Hagop Vartovyan (Armenian: \u0540\u0561\u056f\u0578\u0562 \u054e\u0561\u0580\u0564\u0578\u057e\u0575\u0561\u0576), better known as G\u00fcll\u00fc Agop (Armenian: \u0533\u0575\u0578\u0582\u056c\u056c\u0578\u0582 \u0540\u0561\u056f\u0578\u0562), (took later the name Yakub), (1840 in Constantinople \u2013 1902 in Constantinople) was an Ottoman Armenian theatre director as well as an occasional actor. He is widely credited with having laid the bases for Turkey's modern and nationally renowned performing arts institution that became the Istanbul City Theatres (Turkish: \u0130stanbul \u015eehir Tiyatrolar\u0131). In his qualities of organizer, sponsor and figure of support for writers and spectators, G\u00fcll\u00fc Agop is one of the 19th century pioneers of the Turkish Theatre art as a whole. He was accepted as the founder of the modern Turkish Theatre.\n\n", "Q479811": "Gert Verner Petersen (19 August 1927 \u2013 1 January 2009) was a journalist and politician who helped found and represent the Socialist People's Party in Denmark. He was born in Nyk\u00f8bing Falster, Denmark, as the son of the factory worker Karen Rolandsen. He got a high school diploma from Nyk\u00f8bing Katedralskole in 1945 and studied history at the University of Copenhagen.", "Q349223": "Adam Jonathan Dutkiewicz (born April 4, 1977) is an American musician, recording engineer, songwriter, and music producer, best known as the lead guitarist and backup vocalist from Massachusetts metalcore bands Killswitch Engage, Aftershock, and Times of Grace.", "Q43994": "Matthew Abraham Groening ( (listen) GRAY-ning; born February 15, 1954) is an American cartoonist, writer, producer, and animator. He is the creator of the comic strip Life in Hell (1977\u20132012) and the television series The Simpsons (1989\u2013present), Futurama (1999\u20132003, 2008\u20132013), and Disenchantment (2018\u2013present). The Simpsons is the longest-running U.S. primetime-television series in history and the longest-running U.S. animated series and sitcom.\nGroening made his first professional cartoon sale of Life in Hell to the avant-garde Wet magazine in 1978. At its peak, the cartoon was carried in 250 weekly newspapers. Life in Hell caught the attention of James L. Brooks. In 1985, Brooks contacted Groening with the proposition of working in animation for the Fox variety show The Tracey Ullman Show. Originally, Brooks wanted Groening to adapt his Life in Hell characters for the show. Fearing the loss of ownership rights, Groening decided to create something new and came up with a cartoon family, the Simpson family, and named the members after his own parents and sisters\u2014while Bart was an anagram of the word brat. The shorts would be spun off into their own series The Simpsons, which has since aired 680 episodes. In 1997, Groening and former Simpsons writer David X. Cohen developed Futurama, an animated series about life in the year 3000, which premiered in 1999, running for four years on Fox, then picked up by Comedy Central for additional seasons. In 2016, Groening developed a new series for Netflix titled Disenchantment, which premiered in August 2018.\nGroening has won thirteen Primetime Emmy Awards, eleven for The Simpsons and two for Futurama as well as a British Comedy Award for \"outstanding contribution to comedy\" in 2004. In 2002, he won the National Cartoonist Society Reuben Award for his work on Life in Hell. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 14, 2012.", "Q669476": "Hi Records was an American soul music and rockabilly label started in Memphis, Tennessee in 1957 by singer Ray Harris, record store owner Joe Cuoghi, Bill Cantrell and Quinton Claunch (formerly producers for Sun Records), and three silent partners, including Cuoghi's lawyer, Nick Pesce.", "Q182840": "Louis II, known as Louis the Stammerer (French: Louis le B\u00e8gue; 1 November 846 \u2013 10 April 879), was the King of Aquitaine and later the King of West Francia. He was the eldest son of emperor Charles the Bald and Ermentrude of Orl\u00e9ans. Louis the Stammerer was physically weak and outlived his father by only two years.\nHe succeeded his younger brother Charles the Child as the ruler of Aquitaine in 866 and his father in West Francia in 877, but he was never crowned Holy Roman Emperor.\nLouis was crowned king on 8 October 877 by Hincmar, archbishop of Reims, at Compiegne and was crowned a second time in August 878 by Pope John VIII at Troyes while the pope was attending a council there. The pope may have even offered him the imperial crown, but it was declined. Louis had relatively little impact on politics. He was described \"a simple and sweet man, a lover of peace, justice, and religion\". In 878, he gave the counties of Barcelona, Girona, and Besal\u00fa to Wilfred the Hairy. His final act was to march against the invading Vikings, but he fell ill and died on 9 April or 10 April 879, not long after beginning this final campaign. On his death, his realms were divided between his two sons, Carloman II and Louis III of France.", "Q120239": "Hannelore Mensch (born Hannelore Bosch, Neu Zachun, 16 June 1937) is a former East German politician. She served as the German Democratic Republic's Minister for Work and Wages in 1989/90.\n\n", "Q90514": "Susan Denberg (born Dietlinde Zechner; 2 August 1944, Bad Polzin, Germany) is a German-Austrian model and actress.", "Q639241": "Mi\u0119dzyrzecz [m\u02b2\u025bn\u02c8d\u0361z\u0268\u0290\u025bt\u0361\u0282] (Latin: Meserici, German: Meseritz) is a town in western Poland, on the Obra and Paklica river, with 17,994 inhabitants (2019). The capital of Gmina Mi\u0119dzyrzecz and Mi\u0119dzyrzecz County. Since the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998, it has been situated in Lubusz Voivodeship. In 1975\u20131998 Mi\u0119dzyrzecz was part of Gorz\u00f3w Voivodeship. The town limits cover 10.26 square kilometres (3.96 sq mi).", "Q137745": "John Calvin Mason (August 4, 1802 \u2013 1865) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.\nBorn near Mount Sterling, Kentucky, Mason attended country and city schools in Montgomery County and Mount Sterling Law School in Lexington, Kentucky.\nHe was graduated from Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, in 1823.\nHe was admitted to the bar and practiced in Mount Sterling.\nHe engaged extensively in the manufacture of iron.\nHe served as member of the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1839, 1844, and 1848.\nHe served in the war with Mexico in 1846 and 1847 in Ben McCollough's company of Texas Rangers, Worth's division, under General Taylor.\nHe moved to Owingsville, Kentucky, in 1847.\nMason was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses (March 4, 1849 \u2013 March 3, 1853).\nHe served as chairman of the Committee on Accounts (Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses).\nHe was not a candidate for renomination in 1852.\nMason was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857 \u2013 March 3, 1859).\nHe served as chairman of the Committee on Accounts (Thirty-fifth Congress).\nHe was not a candidate for renomination in 1858.\nHe served as delegate to the 1860 Democratic National Convention at Charleston, South Carolina.\nHe served as presidential elector on the Democratic ticket of Douglas and Johnson in 1860.\nDuring the Civil War served with Texas State troops from Brenham, Texas in 1863.\nHe died in August 1865 near New Orleans, Louisiana on board a steamer on the Mississippi River.\nHe was interred in the State Cemetery, Frankfort, Kentucky.\n\n", "Q441356": "Richard Stanford Cox (April 19, 1930 \u2013 July 8, 1994), known professionally as Dick Sargent, was an American actor, notable as the second actor to portray Darrin Stephens on ABC's fantasy situation comedy Bewitched. He took the name Dick Sargent from a Saturday Evening Post illustrator/artist of the same name.", "Q3312129": "Track and field is a sport which includes athletic contests established on the skills of running, jumping, and throwing. The name is derived from where the sport takes place, a running track and a grass field for the throwing and some of the jumping events. Track and field is categorized under the umbrella sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running, and racewalking.\nThe foot racing events, which include sprints, middle- and long-distance events, racewalking and hurdling, are won by the athlete who completes it in the least time. The jumping and throwing events are won by those who achieve the greatest distance or height. Regular jumping events include long jump, triple jump, high jump and pole vault, while the most common throwing events are shot put, javelin, discus and hammer. There are also \"combined events\" or \"multi events\", such as the pentathlon consisting of five events, heptathlon consisting of seven events, and decathlon consisting of ten events. In these, athletes participate in a combination of track and field events. Most track and field events are individual sports with a single victor; the most prominent team events are relay races, which typically feature teams of four. Events are almost exclusively divided by gender, although both the men's and women's competitions are usually held at the same venue. If a race has too many people to run all at once, preliminary heats will be run to narrow down the field of participants.\nTrack and field is one of the oldest sports. In ancient times, it was an event held in conjunction with festivals and sports meets such as the Ancient Olympic Games in Greece. In modern times, the two most prestigious international track and field competitions are the athletics competition at the Olympic Games and the World Athletics Championships. The International Association of Athletics Federations is the international governing body.\nRecords are kept of the best performances in specific events, at world and national levels, right down to a personal level. However, if athletes are deemed to have violated the event's rules or regulations, they are disqualified from the competition and their marks are erased.\nIn North America, the term track and field may be used to refer to other athletics events, such as cross country, the marathon and road running, rather than strictly track-based events.", "Q205983": "A Gathering of Eagles is a 1963 Eastmancolor film about the U.S. Air Force during the Cold War and the pressures of command. The plot is patterned after the World War II film Twelve O'Clock High, which producer-screenwriter Sy Bartlett also wrote, with elements also mirroring Above and Beyond and Toward the Unknown, films written by his collaborator, Beirne Lay Jr. The film was directed by Delbert Mann.\nRock Hudson plays a United States Air Force officer, Colonel Jim Caldwell, a Strategic Air Command (SAC) B-52 wing commander. He must shape up his wing and men to pass a grueling operational readiness inspection (ORI) that the previous commander had failed and for which he had been relieved of his command. Caldwell is also recently married to an English wife, Victoria, and as a tough commanding officer doing whatever he has to do to shape up his command, his wife sees a side to him that she had not seen before.\nThe film also stars Rod Taylor, Mary Peach, Barry Sullivan, Kevin McCarthy, Henry Silva, Robert Lansing, Leif Erickson, and Richard Anderson.\n\n", "Q160609": "Pope Innocent IV (Latin: Innocentius IV; c. 1195 \u2013 7 December 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was the head of the Catholic Church from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254.Fieschi was born in Genoa and studied at the universities of Parma and Bologna. Considered a fine canonist, he served in the Curia for Pope Honorius III. Pope Gregory IX made Fieschi a cardinal and appointed him governor of the March of Ancona in 1235. He was elected pope in 1243 and took the name Innocent IV. He inherited an ongoing dispute over lands seized by the Holy Roman Emperor, and the following year relocated to France to escape imperial plots against him in Rome. He returned to Rome after the death of the Emperor in 1250.\n\n", "Q178046": "Eugene Michael Simon (born 11 June 1992) is an English film and television actor. He is best known for his roles as Jerome Clarke in the Nickelodeon's mystery television series House of Anubis (2011\u20132013) and as Lancel Lannister in the HBO's fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones (2011\u20132012; 2015\u20132016).", "Q89051": "Heinz Kurt Becker (born 29 June 1950) is an Austrian politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2011 until 2019. He is a member of the Austrian People's Party, part of the European People's Party.", "Q242410": "Malena Grisel Alterio Bacaicoa (born 21 January 1974 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine-born Spanish actress.\nShe became well-known with the Spanish TV series Aqu\u00ed no hay quien viva, playing the role of Bel\u00e9n L\u00f3pez V\u00e1zquez.\n\n", "Q86362": "Jakob Rosenfeld (January 11, 1903 \u2013 April 22, 1952), more commonly known as General Luo, served as the Minister of Health in the 1947 Provisional Communist Military Government of China under Mao Zedong.Rosenfeld, a Jew born in Lemberg, the Austro-Hungarian Empire (today Lviv, Ukraine), was raised in W\u00f6llersdorf near Wiener Neustadt. He graduated in medicine with a specialization in urology from Vienna University.\nHe worked as a urologist with his own private clinic in Vienna and was a member of Social Democratic Party of Austria. The party was banned in the coup of 1933.After the Anschluss, Rosenfeld was deported to Dachau concentration camp and was there for a year. and later to Buchenwald. In 1939, he was released and returned to Vienna. He and his brother immediately requested visas from the Chinese legation and travelled to Shanghai. Once in Shanghai he opened a successful practice in urology, gynecology and obstetrics.From 1941 he served the Chinese Communist force as a field doctor for the New Fourth Army, the Eighth Route Army and the Northeast People's Liberation Army during the outbreak of Second Sino-Japanese war and Chinese civil war.\nDue to the severe shortage of doctors he founded the Huazhong Medical School, which trained the medical teams for the New Fourth Army.He chose to remain in China after the fall of the Nazi regime and participated in the People's Liberation Army's march on Beijing before returning in November 1949 to Europe to search for relatives, most of whom had perished in the Holocaust.\nHe reunited with his sister in Austria in 1949. In 1950, after unsuccessfully attempting to return to China, he emigrated to Israel and was reunited with his younger brother Joseph. He died two years later after suffering heart failure.\nChina has erected a statue in his honour, a hospital called Rosenfield Hospital in Junan County , Shandong was named after him. Shandong is the area he worked as a field doctor. In Junan County there is also an exhibition hall called the Deeds of International Fighter Rosenfeld.In 2006 a large exhibit was mounted in Beijing's National Museum of China in tribute to him. The museum exhibit in his honor was inaugurated by Chinese President Hu Jintao.\nA bronze memorial (from 1993) at the entrance of Unfallkrankenhaus (UKH) hospital in Graz, Austria depicts Rosenfeld.He is buried in Kiryat Shaul Cemetery on the outskirts of Tel Aviv. Since the China\u2013Israel relations were reestablished in 1992 a Chinese delegation has visited his grave yearly.", "Q542139": "Jo\u017eka Jab\u016frkov\u00e1 (April 16, 1896 \u2013 July 31, 1942) was a Czech journalist, writer and translator. She became the Prague councillor in 1931 and was a member of the Czechoslovak anti-fascist resistance. Shortly after the establishment of the Protectorate she was arrested by the Nazis and imprisoned in the Ravensbr\u00fcck concentration camp where she was eventually tortured to death.", "Q575795": "Martin Eugene Mull (born August 18, 1943) is an American actor and comedian who has appeared in many television and film roles. He is also a painter and recording artist. As an actor, he first became known in his role on Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman and its spin-off Fernwood 2 Night. Among his other notable roles are Colonel Mustard in the 1985 film Clue, Leon Carp on Roseanne, Willard Kraft on Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, Vlad Plasmius on Danny Phantom, and Gene Parmesan on Arrested Development. He had a recurring role on Two and a Half Men as Russell, the drug-using, humorous pharmacist.", "Q1241308": "Passy is an area of Paris, France, located in the 16th arrondissement, on the Right Bank. It is home to many of the city's wealthiest residents.\nPassy was a commune on the outskirts of Paris. In 1658, hot springs were discovered around which spa facilities were developed. This attracted Parisian society and English visitors, some of whom made the area, which combined attractive countryside with both modest houses and fine residences, their winter retreat. The population was 2,400 in 1836, 4,545 in 1841, but larger in summer. In 1861 the population was 11,431. Passy's population was 17,594 when it was absorbed into Paris along with several other communities in 1860.", "Q109867": "Stephanie Stumph (born 7 July 1984 in Dresden) is a German actress. She is the daughter of actor Wolfgang Stumph.", "Q126884": "Paul Graf Fugger or Paul Graf Fugger-Kirchberg-Wei\u00dfenhorn (13 October 1637, Augsburg - 27 April 1701, Munich) was a German politician of the Fugger family. He was a Reichshofrat and a kurbayerischer Obersthofmeister. He was the fifteenth child of Otto Heinrich Fugger.", "Q12271": "Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd arkhitekton \"architect\", from \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9- \"chief\" and \u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \"creator\") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.", "Q107692": "Marliese Echner-Klingmann (born 26 January 1937) is a German poet and playwright.\n\n", "Q926988": "Monrovia is a city located in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains in the San Gabriel Valley of Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 36,590 at the 2010 census, down from 36,929 in 2000. Monrovia has been used for filming TV shows, movies and commercials.", "Q127542": "The Rocket (Canadian French: Maurice Richard, also known as The Rocket: The Legend of Rocket Richard and The Rocket: The Maurice Richard Story) is a French-Canadian biopic about the ice hockey player Maurice \"The Rocket\" Richard. It stars Roy Dupuis and was directed by Charles Binam\u00e9. It features appearances by National Hockey League players Mike Ricci, Sean Avery, Vincent Lecavalier, Philippe Sauv\u00e9, St\u00e9phane Quintal, Ian Laperri\u00e8re and Pascal Dupuis.", "Q40251": "Issaquah ( ISS-\u0259-kwah) is a city in King County, Washington, United States. The population was 30,434 at the 2010 census and an estimated 39,378 in 2018. Located in a valley and bisected by Interstate 90, the city is bordered by the Sammamish Plateau to the north and the \"Issaquah Alps\" to the south.", "Q102932": "The avant-garde (; French: [av\u0251\u0303\u0261a\u0281d]; from French, \"advance guard\" or \"vanguard\", literally \"fore-guard\") are people or works that are experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society. It is frequently characterized by aesthetic innovation and initial unacceptability.The avant-garde pushes the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm or the status quo, primarily in the cultural realm. The avant-garde is considered by some to be a hallmark of modernism, as distinct from postmodernism. Many artists have aligned themselves with the avant-garde movement, and still continue to do so, tracing their history from Dada through the Situationists and to postmodern artists such as the Language poets around 1981.The avant-garde also promotes radical social reforms. It was this meaning that was evoked by the Saint Simonian Olinde Rodrigues in his essay \"L'artiste, le savant et l'industriel\" (\"The artist, the scientist and the industrialist\", 1825), which contains the first recorded use of \"avant-garde\" in its now customary sense: there, Rodrigues calls on artists to \"serve as [the people's] avant-garde\", insisting that \"the power of the arts is indeed the most immediate and fastest way\" to social, political and economic reform.", "Q6836087": "Micha\u0142 \u017byczkowski (12 April 1930 in Krak\u00f3w \u2013 24 May 2006 in Krak\u00f3w) was a Polish mechanical engineer.", "Q708922": "Overton Amos Lemons (July 5, 1913 \u2013 October 7, 1966), known as Smiley Lewis, was an American New Orleans rhythm and blues singer and guitarist. The music journalist Tony Russell wrote that \"Lewis was the unluckiest man in New Orleans. He hit on a formula for slow-rocking, small-band numbers like 'The Bells Are Ringing' and 'I Hear You Knocking' only to have Fats Domino come up behind him with similar music with a more ingratiating delivery. Lewis was practically drowned in Domino's backwash.\"", "Q216041": "Richard Ettinghausen (February 5, 1906 \u2013 April 2, 1979) Princeton, New Jersey was a German-American historian of Islamic art and chief curator of the Freer Gallery.", "Q16017": "Zweibr\u00fccken (German pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u0361sva\u026a\u02ccb\u0281\u028fkn\u0329], French: Deux-Ponts [d\u00f8p\u0254\u0303], Palatinate German: Zweebrigge [\u02c8d\u0361s\u028be\u02d0b\u0281\u026ag\u0259]) is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Schwarzbach river.", "Q123724": "Patrick Philippe Moraz (born 24 June 1948) is a Swiss musician, film composer and songwriter best known for his tenures as keyboardist in the rock bands Yes and The Moody Blues.\nBorn into a musical family, Moraz learned music at a young age and studied at the Lausanne Conservatory. He began a music career in the 1960s as a jazz musician, performing with his quartet and quintet that performed across Europe and won several awards. In 1969, he formed the short lived progressive rock group Mainhorse and started work scoring films. He formed Refugee in 1974 and recorded one album before he joined Yes of that year. Moraz stayed with them until 1976; during this time he started a solo career with his first album, The Story of I (1976).\nMoraz was a member of The Moody Blues from 1978 to 1991. Since then, he has worked on various solo projects.", "Q445124": "Morgan Brittany (born Suzanne Cupito; December 5, 1951) is an American actress, best known for her role as Katherine Wentworth, the scheming younger half-sister of Pamela Ewing and Cliff Barnes, on the prime-time soap opera Dallas.", "Q173113": "Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants in agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, and land restoration. It is both a humanitarian career and a scientific one. Agronomy has come to encompass work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. It is the application of a combination of sciences like biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, and genetics. Agronomists of today are involved with many issues, including producing food, creating healthier food, managing the environmental impact of agriculture, distribution of agriculture, and extracting energy from plants. Agronomists often specialise in areas such as crop rotation, irrigation and drainage, plant breeding, plant physiology, soil classification, soil fertility, weed control, and insect and pest control.", "Q248883": "Beyond the Law is a 1993 TV film written and directed by Larry Ferguson. It tells the story of Dan Saxon, an undercover cop who infiltrates a group of criminal outlaw bikers behind a drug-smuggling and arms-dealing operation. In order to maintain their trust, he must commit ever more dangerous and heinous crimes and must question how far he can go beyond the law. The film stars Charlie Sheen, Linda Fiorentino, and Michael Madsen.", "Q21863": "Eleanor Coade (3 June 1733 \u2013 16 November 1821) was a British businesswoman known for manufacturing Neoclassical statues, architectural decorations and garden ornaments made of Lithodipyra or Coade stone for over 50 years from 1769 until her death. She should not be confused or conflated with her mother, also named Eleanor.Lithodipyra (\"stone fired twice\") was a high-quality, durable moulded weather-resistant, ceramic stoneware; statues and decorative features from this still look almost new today. Coade did not invent 'artificial stone', as various inferior quality precursors had been both patented and manufactured over the previous forty years, but she likely perfected both the clay recipe and the firing process. \nShe combined high-quality manufacturing and artistic taste, together with entrepreneurial, business and marketing skills, to create the overwhelmingly successful stone products of her age. She produced stoneware for St George's Chapel, Windsor; The Royal Pavilion, Brighton; Carlton House, London and the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. Shortly after her death, her company produced a large quantity of stoneware used in the refurbishment of Buckingham Palace.Born in Exeter to two families of wool merchants and weavers, she ran her business, \"Coade's Artificial Stone Manufactory\", \"Coade and Sealy\" and latterly \"Coade\" (by appointment to George III and the Prince Regent), for fifty years in Lambeth, London. A devout Baptist, she died unmarried in Camberwell.\nIn 1784 an uncle, Samuel Coade, gave her Belmont House, a holiday villa in Lyme Regis, her late father's town of origin. She decorated the house extensively with Coade stone.", "Q249545": "\u00c1d\u00e1m Fischer (born 9 September 1949 in Budapest) is a Hungarian conductor. He is the general music director of the Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra, chief conductor of the Danish National Chamber Orchestra, and chief conductor of the D\u00fcsseldorf Symphony.", "Q82104": "Ian Lancaster Fleming (28 May 1908 \u2013 12 August 1964) was an English author, journalist and naval intelligence officer who is best known for his James Bond series of spy novels. Fleming came from a wealthy family connected to the merchant bank Robert Fleming & Co., and his father was the Member of Parliament for Henley from 1910 until his death on the Western Front in 1917. Educated at Eton, Sandhurst and, briefly, the universities of Munich and Geneva, Fleming moved through several jobs before he started writing.\nWhile working for Britain's Naval Intelligence Division during the Second World War, Fleming was involved in planning Operation Goldeneye and in the planning and oversight of two intelligence units, 30 Assault Unit and T-Force. His wartime service and his career as a journalist provided much of the background, detail and depth of the James Bond novels.\nFleming wrote his first Bond novel, Casino Royale, in 1952. It was a success, with three print runs being commissioned to cope with the demand. Eleven Bond novels and two collections of short stories followed between 1953 and 1966. The novels revolve around James Bond, an officer in the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond is also known by his code number, 007, and was a commander in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. The Bond stories rank among the best-selling series of fictional books of all time, having sold over 100 million copies worldwide. Fleming also wrote the children's story Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang and two works of non-fiction. In 2008, The Times ranked Fleming 14th on its list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\".\nFleming was married to Ann Charteris, who was divorced from the second Viscount Rothermere because of her affair with the author. Fleming and Charteris had a son, Caspar. Fleming was a heavy smoker and drinker for most of his life and succumbed to heart disease in 1964 at the age of 56. Two of his James Bond books were published posthumously; other writers have since produced Bond novels. Fleming's creation has appeared in film twenty-six times, portrayed by seven actors.", "Q105085": "Ludwig Wilhelm, Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt (German: Ludwig Wilhelm F\u00fcrst zu Bentheim und Steinfurt; 1 August 1812 \u2013 28 September 1890) was a Royal Hanoverian and Prussian Lieutenant General and the Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt from 3 November 1866 to 28 September 1890.", "Q1290021": "Tam\u00e1s Soml\u00f3 (17 November 1947 \u2013 19 July 2016) was a Hungarian musician, singer-songwriter and artist. He is mostly known for having been a member of Hungarian rock bands Omega and Locomotiv GT and for composing several of their successful songs. Beside of being a singer, his main instruments were bass guitar, clarinet, and the saxophone.\nHe died of cancer on 19 July 2016 at the age of 68. It was after this that the remaining members of his longtime band Locomotiv GT announced that they will stop performing together, which also meant the band's dissolution.", "Q191828": "Marisa Tomei (, Italian: [to\u02c8m\u025bi]; born December 4, 1964) is an American actress. She is the recipient of various accolades including an Academy Award and nominations for a BAFTA Award, two Golden Globe Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards.\nFollowing her work on the television series As the World Turns, she came to prominence as a cast member on The Cosby Show spin-off A Different World in 1987.\nAfter having minor roles in a few films, she came to international attention in 1992 with the comedy My Cousin Vinny, for which she received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She received two additional Academy Award nominations for In the Bedroom (2001) and The Wrestler (2008).\nTomei has appeared in a number of successful movies, including What Women Want (2000), Anger Management (2003), Wild Hogs (2007), and Parental Guidance (2012). Other films include Untamed Heart (1993), Only You (1994), The Paper (1994), Unhook the Stars (1996), Slums of Beverly Hills (1998), Before the Devil Knows You're Dead (2007), Cyrus (2010), Love Is Strange (2014), The Big Short (2015) and The First Purge (2018). She also portrays Aunt May in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, having appeared in Captain America: Civil War (2016), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019).\nTomei has also worked in theater. She was formerly involved with the Naked Angels Theater Company and appeared in plays, such as Daughters (1986), Wait Until Dark (1998), Top Girls (2008), for which she received a nomination for the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play, and The Realistic Joneses (2014), for which she received a special award at the Drama Desk Awards.", "Q260869": "Tura Satana (July 10, 1938 \u2013 February 4, 2011) was a Japanese American actress, vedette and exotic dancer. From 13 film and television credits, some of her work includes the exploitation film Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill! (1965), and the science fiction horror film The Astro-Zombies (1968).", "Q125433": "Martin Landolt (born 30 June 1968 in N\u00e4fels; Place of origin in Glarus Nord) is a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss National Council for the Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland (BDP). Since May 2012 he has been the President of the BDP.", "Q3308603": "Micaela Leonarda Antonia de Almonester Rojas y de la Ronde, Baroness de Pontalba (November 6, 1795- April 20, 1874) was a wealthy New Orleans-born Creole aristocrat, businesswoman and real estate designer and developer who endures as one of the most recalled and dynamic personalities in the city's history, though she lived most of her life in Paris.On April 26, 1798, when Micaela was just \u200b2 1\u20442 years old, her Spanish father, Don Andr\u00e9s Almonester y Rojas, died, leaving her his sole surviving heir. Micaela inherited a considerable fortune. Her estate was capably administered by her mother, Louise Denys de la Ronde, referenced as \"a superbly competent businesswoman who had greatly increased the inheritance since Almonester's death.\" Following Micaela's marriage, in 1811, to her French cousin, Joseph-Xavier C\u00e9lestin Delfau de Pontalba, she moved to France. The marriage was not successful and she became a virtual prisoner at the de Pontalba chateau near Senlis.\nHaving failed, despite his concerted efforts over more than two decades, to gain possession of Micaela's entire inheritance, her father-in-law, Baron de Pontalba, eventually shot her four times at point-blank range with a pair of dueling pistols, and then committed suicide. She survived the attack, although her left breast and two of her fingers were mutilated by gunfire. Her husband, C\u00e8lestin, succeeded his father as baron, and Micaela was thereafter styled Baroness de Pontalba. She eventually obtained a legal separation from her husband.\nMicaela was responsible for the design and construction of the famous Pontalba Buildings in Jackson Square, in the heart of the French Quarter. In 1855, she had built the H\u00f4tel de Pontalba in Paris, where she lived until her death in 1874. Her life was worthy of an operatic plot, and eventually became one: Pontalba: a Louisiana Legacy, composed by Thea Musgrave. A play by Diana E.H. Shortes entitled The Baroness Undressed, and several novels, are also based on her dramatic life.", "Q217439": "The University of Hawai\u02bbi system (formally the University of Hawai\u02bbi and popularly known as UH) is a public college and university system that confers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees through three university campuses, seven community college campuses, an employment training center, three university centers, four education centers and various other research facilities distributed across six islands throughout the state of Hawai\u02bbi in the United States. All schools of the University of Hawai\u02bbi system are accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. The U.H. system's main administrative offices are located on the property of the University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa in Honolulu CDP.", "Q3555993": "Vernon Eulion Jordan Jr. (born August 15, 1935) is an American business executive and civil rights activist in the United States. A leading figure in the Civil Rights Movement, he was chosen by President Bill Clinton as a close adviser. Jordan has become known as an influential figure in American politics.", "Q82662": "The Silberhorn (3,695 m) is a pyramid-shaped mountain of the Bernese Alps, to the northwest of the Jungfrau of which it is a satellite peak.\nA first attempt to reach the summit of the Silberhorn was made in June 1863 by M. v. Fellenberg from the Stufensteinalp on the east side of the valley of Lauterbrunnen. After 9 hours of most perilous climbing the party encountered an impracticable precipice of rock, and were forced to return. In the following month of August MM. Badeker and v. Fellenberg, with two guides of Grindelwald, and others, reached the summit from the Wengernalp. Ascending by the Guggi Glacier, they passed a night on the rocks at the foot of the Schneehorn, a buttress of the Jungfrau dividing the Guggi and Giessen Glaciers. On the following day they gained the desired summit by a long and difficult circuit under the cliffs of the Jungfrau. The still longer and equally difficult ascent of the Jungfrau was effected from this side for the first time two years later.The northwest ridge was first ascended in 1865 by the Rev. James John Hornby, Rev. Thomas Henry Philpot, with guides Christian and Ulrich Almer, Johann Bischof, and Christian Lauener.\nIn a 1968 letter, J. R. R. Tolkien identified the Silberhorn as it appeared to him when camping near M\u00fcrren in 1911 as \"the Silvertine (Celebdil) of my dreams\".Near the bottom of the World Cup Lauberhorn downhill course is the Silberhornsprung, a jump with the Silberhorn visible in the background for the television audience.", "Q173675": "Bayliss Levrett (February 14, 1914 \u2013 March 13, 2002) was an American racecar driver from Jacksonville, Florida. He died in Reno, Nevada at the age of 88 after a long battle with Alzheimer's Disease.", "Q352617": "Ljudevit Gaj (Croatian: [\u028e\u00fbde\u028bit \u0261\u00e2\u02d0j]; born Ludwig Gay; 8 August 1809 \u2013 20 April 1872) was a Croatian linguist, politician, journalist and writer. He was one of the central figures of the pan-Slavist Illyrian Movement.", "Q1171273": "Robin Zander (born January 23, 1953) is an American singer, songwriter and rhythm guitarist. He is best known as the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the rock band Cheap Trick, but is also a solo artist. Zander was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2016 as a member of Cheap Trick.", "Q92471": "Franz Jung (26 November 1888 in Nysa \u2013 21 January 1963 in Stuttgart) was a writer, economist and political activist in Germany. He also wrote under the names Franz Larsz and Frank Ryberg.\nFrom 1909 he worked as a journalist and soon started writing for Der Sturm and Die Aktion. Otto Gross was a large influence upon himHe was a member of the League for Proletarian Culture (1919\u20131920). In 1921 he travelled with Jan Appel to participate in the 3rd World Congress of the Comintern in 1921 as a delegate of the Communist Workers Party of Germany. This involved hijacking the SS Senator Schr\u00f6der to go to Murmansk, Soviet Russia, rather than fishing near Iceland.He participated in the March Action (March 1921) and was captured but escaped first to the Netherlands and then went on to the Soviet Union. He then started work for the Workers International Relief.", "Q164309": "Fazu Aliyeva (5 December 1932 \u2013 1 January 2016) was an Avar-speaking Soviet-born Russian poet, novelist and journalist. She played a significant role in the development of Dagestani in Russian literature. She was also a human rights activist.\nShe was awarded two Orders of the \"Badge of Honor\", two Orders of Friendship of Peoples and the Order of St. Andrew in 2002. She was awarded the Gold Medal of the Soviet Peace Fund, the Jubilee Medal of the World Peace Council, and honorary awards in several foreign countries.Aliyeva was born in the Khunzakhsky District of Dagestan, Russia. She died in Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia, on 1 January 2016, from heart failure at the age of 83.", "Q39792": "John Joseph Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is an American actor and filmmaker whose career has spanned more than 60 years. He is known for playing a wide range of starring or supporting roles, including comedy, romance, and darkly comic portrayals of anti-heroes and villainous characters. In many of his films, he played the \"eternal outsider, the sardonic drifter\", someone who rebels against the social structure.His most known and celebrated films include the road drama Easy Rider (1969); the dramas Five Easy Pieces (1970) and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975); the comedy-dramas Carnal Knowledge (1971), The Last Detail (1973), Terms of Endearment (1983), Prizzi's Honor (1985), As Good as It Gets (1997), and About Schmidt (2002); the neo-noir mystery Chinatown (1974); the horror film The Shining (1980); the biopic Reds (1981); the fantasy comedy The Witches of Eastwick (1987); the superhero film Batman (1989); the legal drama A Few Good Men (1992); the romantic horror film Wolf (1994); the science fiction comedy Mars Attacks! (1996); the comedy Anger Management (2003); the romantic comedy Something's Gotta Give (2003); and the crime drama The Departed (2006). He has also directed three films, including The Two Jakes (1990), the sequel to Chinatown.\nNicholson's 12 Academy Award nominations make him the most nominated male actor in the Academy's history. He has won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice: one for the drama One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) and the other for the romantic comedy As Good as It Gets (1997). He also won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the comedy-drama Terms of Endearment (1983). He is one of only three male actors to win three Academy Awards, and is the only actor to be nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to the 2000s. He has won six Golden Globe Awards and received the Kennedy Center Honor in 2001. In 1994, at 57, he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award.\nNicholson had a number of high-profile relationships, most notably with Anjelica Huston and Rebecca Broussard, and was married to Sandra Knight from 1962 to 1968. He has five children: one with Knight, two with Broussard (including Lorraine Nicholson), and one each with Susan Anspach and Winnie Hollman.", "Q1448177": "Franz Maria Feldhaus (26 April 1874 in Neuss \u2013 22 May 1957 in Wilhelmshaven) was a German engineer, historian of science, and scientific writer. He was known in the late 1950s as \"Germany's most well-known and most prolific writer on the history of technology.\"", "Q67188": "R\u00fcte District is a district in the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in Switzerland.", "Q206534": "Stephen Crane (November 1, 1871 \u2013 June 5, 1900) was an American poet, novelist, and short story writer. Prolific throughout his short life, he wrote notable works in the Realist tradition as well as early examples of American Naturalism and Impressionism. He is recognized by modern critics as one of the most innovative writers of his generation.\nThe ninth surviving child of Methodist parents, Crane began writing at the age of four and had published several articles by the age of 16. Having little interest in university studies though he was active in a fraternity, he left Syracuse University in 1891 to work as a reporter and writer. Crane's first novel was the 1893 Bowery tale Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, generally considered by critics to be the first work of American literary Naturalism. He won international acclaim in 1895 for his Civil War novel The Red Badge of Courage, which he wrote without having any battle experience.\nIn 1896, Crane endured a highly publicized scandal after appearing as a witness in the trial of a suspected prostitute, an acquaintance named Dora Clark. Late that year he accepted an offer to travel to Cuba as a war correspondent. As he waited in Jacksonville, Florida for passage, he met Cora Taylor, with whom he began a lasting relationship. En route to Cuba, Crane's vessel the SS Commodore sank off the coast of Florida, leaving him and others adrift for 30 hours in a dinghy. Crane described the ordeal in \"The Open Boat\". During the final years of his life, he covered conflicts in Greece (accompanied by Cora, recognized as the first woman war correspondent) and later lived in England with her. He was befriended by writers such as Joseph Conrad and H. G. Wells. Plagued by financial difficulties and ill health, Crane died of tuberculosis in a Black Forest sanatorium in Germany at the age of 28.\nAt the time of his death, Crane was considered an important figure in American literature. After he was nearly forgotten for two decades, critics revived interest in his life and work. Crane's writing is characterized by vivid intensity, distinctive dialects, and irony. Common themes involve fear, spiritual crises and social isolation. Although recognized primarily for The Red Badge of Courage, which has become an American classic, Crane is also known for his poetry, journalism, and short stories such as \"The Open Boat\", \"The Blue Hotel\", \"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky\", and The Monster. His writing made a deep impression on 20th-century writers, most prominent among them Ernest Hemingway, and is thought to have inspired the Modernists and the Imagists.", "Q454997": "Ruth First (4 May 1925 \u2013 17 August 1982) was a South African anti-apartheid activist and scholar born in Johannesburg, South Africa. She was killed by a parcel bomb addressed specifically to her in Mozambique, where she worked in exile from South Africa.\n\n", "Q820335": "Hugues Alexandre Sinclair de Rochemont (Hilversum, January 6, 1901 \u2013 March 13, 1942) was a Dutch fascist and later a collaborator with the Nazis.\nWhilst studying Indology at Leiden University, he became associated with the rightist professor Gerardus Johannes Petrus Josephus Bolland (1854 - 1922). After leaving the university in 1924, he set up the country's first fascist movement, the Verbond van Actualisten, with Alfred Haighton. This group had stood in the 1925 general election but won only 0.08% of the vote. Alongside this, Sinclair de Rochemont worked as a journalist for De Vaderlander and as a strike breaker. In 1927, he began editing De Bezem (The Broom), a fascist journal aimed at the working classes and continued to publish under this name after 1930, when he split from Haighton.Having split from Haighton, Sinclair de Rochemont became associated with Joris Van Severen of Belgium, although most of his time was given over to his work as a civil servant and then as an antiquarian bookseller. He joined both the National Front and the National Socialist Dutch Workers Party in 1940, having become fully convinced of Nazism, even to the point of accepting the incorporation of the Netherlands into the Third Reich.After spells in prison for homosexuality and attempting to assassinate Anton Mussert, Sinclair volunteered for the Dutch legion of the Waffen-SS and was killed on active duty near Grisi in the Soviet Union.", "Q148": "China (Chinese: \u4e2d\u56fd; pinyin: Zh\u014dnggu\u00f3; literally: 'Central State'), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: \u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd; pinyin: Zh\u014dnghu\u00e1 R\u00e9nm\u00edn G\u00f2ngh\u00e9gu\u00f3), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017. Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the world's third or fourth largest country by area. Governed by the Communist Party of China, the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.\nChina emerged as one of the world's first civilizations, in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. For millennia, China's political system was based on hereditary monarchies, or dynasties, beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE. Since then, China has expanded, fractured, and re-unified numerous times. In the 3rd century BCE, the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire. The succeeding Han dynasty, which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE, saw some of the most advanced technology at that time, including papermaking and the compass, along with agricultural and medical improvements. The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty (618\u2013907) and Northern Song (960\u20131127) completed the Four Great Inventions. Tang culture spread widely in Asia, as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa. Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution, when the Republic of China (ROC) replaced the Qing dynasty. China, as a whole, was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II. The subsequent Chinese Civil War resulted in a division of territory in 1949 when the Communist Party of China led by Mao Zedong established the People's Republic of China on mainland China while the Kuomintang-led nationalist government retreated to the island of Taiwan where it governed until 1996 when Taiwan transitioned to democracy. The political status of Taiwan remains disputed to this day.\nChina is a unitary one-party socialist republic and is one of the few existing socialist states. Political dissidents and human rights groups have denounced and criticized the Chinese government for human rights abuses, suppression of religious and ethnic minorities, censorship and mass surveillance, and cracking down on protests such as in 1989. The Chinese government says that the right to subsistence and economic development is a prerequisite to other types of human rights and that the notion of human rights should take into account a country's present economic level.\nSince the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, China's economy has been one of the world's fastest-growing with annual growth rates consistently above 6 percent. According to the World Bank, China's GDP grew from $150 billion in 1978 to $12.24 trillion by 2017. According to official data, China's GDP in 2018 was 90 trillion Yuan ($13.5 trillion). Since 2010, China has been the world's second-largest economy by nominal GDP, and since 2014, the largest economy in the world by PPP. China is also the world's largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods. China is a recognized nuclear weapons state and has the world's largest standing army, the People's Liberation Army, and the second-largest defense budget. The PRC is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council as it replaced the ROC in 1971, as well as an active global partner of ASEAN Plus mechanism. China has been characterized as a potential superpower, mainly because of its massive population, large and rapidly-growing economy, and powerful military.", "Q165017": "Sarah Thompson Kane (born October 25, 1979) is an American actress best known for her role as Eve in Angel (2003\u20132004) and Rose in 7th Heaven (2005\u20132006).", "Q162778": "Frank\u00e9tienne (born Franck \u00c9tienne on April 12, 1936 in Ravine-S\u00e8che, Haiti) is a Haitian writer, poet, playwright, painter, musician, activist and intellectual. He is recognized as one of Haiti's leading writers and playwrights of both French and Haitian Creole, and is \"known as the father of Haitian letters\". As a painter, he is known for his colorful abstract works, often emphasizing the colors blue and red. He was a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2009, made a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et Lettres (Order of the Arts and Letters), and was named UNESCO Artist for Peace in 2010.", "Q175204": "Sebasti\u00e0 Juan Arb\u00f3 (Catalan pronunciation: [s\u0259\u03b2\u0259sti\u02c8a \u0292u\u02c8an \u0259\u027e\u02c8\u03b2o]; 1902\u20131984) was a Spanish novelist and playwright. He wrote in Catalan and Spanish. He was born in Sant Carles de la R\u00e0pita on October 28, 1902, and died in Barcelona on January 2, 1984. His work includes novels, drama, biographies and translations. He was an honorary member of the Association of Writers in the Catalan Language. In 1948 he won the Premio Nadal (the Nadal Prize).", "Q284245": "Danijela Martinovi\u0107, known artistically as Danijela, (born 15 July 1971) is a Croatian pop singer.", "Q7691246": "Teachers College, Columbia University (TC or Columbia University Graduate School of Education) is a graduate school of education, health and psychology in New York City. Founded in 1887, it has served as the Faculty and Department of Education of Columbia University since its affiliation in 1898. Teachers College is the oldest and largest graduate school of education in the United States.For 2020, U.S. News & World Report ranked Teachers College #7 among all graduate schools of education in the United States. In 2008, 2002, 1998, 1997, and 1996 Teachers College was ranked #1 by the publication.\nTeachers College alumni and faculty have held prominent positions in academia, government, music, non-profit, healthcare, and social science research just to name a few. Overall, Teachers College has over 90,000 alumni in more than 30 countries. Notable alumni and former faculty include John Dewey, Art Garfunkel, Dr. Ruth Westheimer, Carl Rogers, Margaret Mead, Bill Campbell, Georgia O'Keeffe, Edward Thorndike, Donna Shalala, William Schuman (former president of the Juilliard School), Lee Huan (Premier of the Republic of China), Shirley Chisholm (first black woman elected to the United States Congress), Mary Adelaide Nutting (the world's first professor of nursing), Hamden L. Forkner (founder of Future Business Leaders of America), and E. Gordon Gee (former president of Brown University).", "Q326196": "Wyatt Merle Kilgore (August 9, 1934 \u2013 February 6, 2005) was an American singer, songwriter, and manager. Born in Chickasha, Oklahoma, he was raised in Shreveport, Louisiana. He was the personal manager of Hank Williams Jr. at the time of his death.", "Q340213": "Adam Arkin (born August 19, 1956) is an American television, film and stage actor, and director. He is known for playing the role of Aaron Shutt on Chicago Hope. He has been nominated for numerous awards, including a Tony (Best Actor, 1991, I Hate Hamlet) as well as three primetime Emmys, four SAG Awards (Ensemble, Chicago Hope), and a DGA Award (My Louisiana Sky). In 2002, Arkin won a Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Directing in a Children's Special for My Louisiana Sky. He is also one of the three actors to portray Dale \"The Whale\" Biederbeck on Monk. Between 2007 and 2009, he starred in the NBC drama Life. Beginning in 1990 he had a guest role on Northern Exposure playing the angry paranoid Adam, for which he received an Emmy nomination. In 2009, he portrayed villain Ethan Zobelle, a white separatist gang leader, on the FX original series Sons of Anarchy. \nHis father, Alan Arkin, and brother, Matthew, are also actors.", "Q243068": "Anne Charlotte Edgren-Leffler, duchess of Cajanello (1 October 1849 \u2013 21 October 1892), was a Swedish author.", "Q376979": "Nadia Cavalera (born September 20, 1950 in Galatone, Lecce) is an Italian novelist, poet and literary critic.Cavalera attended the Liceo Classico \"Palmieri\" de Lecce and earned a bachelor's degree in Philosophy in the Universit\u00e0 di Lecce, with the thesis \"Democrazia e socialismo nel giovane Marx\". She started her political activity in PCI when she was 20 years old. She worked in Brindisi for 12 years and since 1988, she has lived and worked as a teacher in Modena. She founded Brindisi's first entirely literary magazine, Gheminga. In 1990, she and the poet Edoardo Sanguineti founded and became editors of the journal Bollettario: quadrimestrale di scrittura e critica, issued three times a year, which is a publication of literature and literary criticism of the cultural association \"Le avanguardie\". The association proposes an avant-garde philosophy that can be permanent, non-elitist and open to the concept of umafeminit\u00e0 (a mix of uomo, man and feminit\u00e0, femininity, a concept which sees men and women as equal despite their differences). In 2005, she founded the literary prize Premio Alessandro Tassoni, which is administered by the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia.", "Q204323": "Philip Ramone (born Philip Rabinowitz, January 5, 1934 \u2013 March 30, 2013) was a South African-born American recording engineer, record producer, violinist and composer, who in 1958 co-founded A & R Recording, Inc., a recording studio with business partner Jack Arnold at 112 West 48th Street, New York, upstairs from the famous musicians' watering hole, Jim & Andy's, and several doors east of Manny's Music. The success of the original A&R Recording allowed it to expand into several studios and a record production company. He was described by Billboard as \"legendary\", and the BBC as a \"CD pioneer\".", "Q392355": "Rambo III is a 1988 American action film directed by Peter MacDonald and co-written by Sylvester Stallone, who also reprises his role as Vietnam War veteran John Rambo. A sequel to Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985), it is the third installment in the Rambo franchise, followed by Rambo. It was the last film to feature Richard Crenna as Colonel Sam Trautman before his death in 2003.\nThe film depicts fictional events during the Soviet\u2013Afghan War. In the film, Rambo sets out on a dangerous journey to Afghanistan in order to rescue his former military commander and his longtime best friend Colonel Trautman from the hands of an extremely powerful and ruthless Soviet Army colonel who is bent on killing both Trautman and Rambo, as he helps lead the Soviet armed forces and their mission: Conquering Afghanistan.\nRambo III was released worldwide on May 25, 1988, and grossed $189 million at the box office. With a production budget of between $58 and $63 million, Rambo III was the most expensive film ever made at the time.", "Q369681": "Chen Duxiu (Chinese: \u9673\u7368\u79c0; Wade\u2013Giles: Ch'en Tu-hsiu; October 8, 1879 \u2013 May 27, 1942) was a Chinese revolutionary socialist, educator, philosopher and author, who co-founded the Chinese Communist Party (with Li Dazhao) in 1921, serving from 1921 to 1927 as its first General Secretary. Chen was a leading figure in both the Xinhai Revolution that overthrew the Qing dynasty and the May Fourth Movement for scientific and democratic developments in early Republic of China. Expelled from the Communist Party in 1929, he was for a time the leader of China's small Trotskyist movement.\nChen's ancestral home was in Anqing, Anhui, where he established the influential vernacular Chinese periodical New Youth (Xin Qingnian).", "Q121655": "Carmen Miranda (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8ka\u027em\u1ebd\u0237\u0303 mi\u02c8\u027e\u0250\u0303d\u0250]; born Maria do Carmo Miranda da Cunha; 9 February 1909 \u2013 5 August 1955), was a Portuguese-born Brazilian samba singer, dancer, Broadway actress, and film star who was popular from the 1930s to the 1950s. Nicknamed \"The Brazilian Bombshell\", Miranda is noted for her signature fruit hat outfit she wore in her American films. As a young woman, she designed hats in a boutique before making her first recordings with composer Josu\u00e9 de Barros in 1929. Miranda's 1930 recording of \"Ta\u00ed (Pra Voc\u00ea Gostar de Mim)\", written by Joubert de Carvalho, catapulted her to stardom in Brazil as the foremost interpreter of samba.\nDuring the 1930s Miranda performed on Brazilian radio and appeared in five Brazilian chanchadas, films celebrating Brazilian music, dance, and the country's carnival culture. Hello, Hello Brazil! and Hello, Hello, Carnival! embodied the spirit of these early Miranda films. The 1939 musical Banana da Terra (directed by Ruy Costa) gave the world her \"Baiana\" image, inspired by African-Brazilians from the northeastern state of Bahia.In 1939, Broadway producer Lee Shubert offered Miranda an eight-week contract to perform in The Streets of Paris after seeing her at Cassino da Urca in Rio de Janeiro. The following year she made her first Hollywood film, Down Argentine Way with Don Ameche and Betty Grable, and her exotic clothing and Lusophone accent became her trademark. That year, she was voted the third-most-popular personality in the United States; she and her group, Bando da Lua, were invited to sing and dance for President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1943, Miranda starred in Busby Berkeley's The Gang's All Here, which was noted for its musical numbers with the fruit hats that became her trademark. By 1945, she was the highest-paid woman in the United States.Miranda made 14 Hollywood films between 1940 and 1953. Although she was hailed as a talented performer, her popularity waned by the end of World War II. Miranda came to resent the stereotypical \"Brazilian Bombshell\" image she had cultivated, and attempted to free herself of it with limited success. She focused on nightclub appearances and became a fixture on television variety shows. Despite being stereotyped, Miranda's performances popularized Brazilian music and increased public awareness of Latin culture. In 1941 she was the first Latin American star to be invited to leave her hand and footprints in the courtyard of Grauman's Chinese Theatre, and was the first South American honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Miranda is considered the precursor of Brazil's 1960s Tropicalismo cultural movement. A museum was built in Rio de Janeiro in her honor, and in 1995 she was the subject of the documentary Carmen Miranda: Bananas is My Business.", "Q242376": "Fatema Mernissi (Arabic: \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u200e, romanized: F\u0101\u1e6dima Marn\u012bs\u012b; 27 September 1940 \u2013 30 November 2015) was a Moroccan feminist writer and sociologist.", "Q167600": "Auxerre ( oh-SAIR, French: [os\u025b\u0281] (listen)) is the capital of the Yonne department and the fourth-largest city in Burgundy. Auxerre's population today is about 35,000; the metropolitan area comprises roughly 92,000 inhabitants. Residents of Auxerre are referred to as Auxerrois.\nAuxerre is a commercial and industrial centre, with industries including food production, woodworking and batteries. It is also noted for its production of Burgundy wine, including world-famous Chablis. In 1995 Auxerre was named \"Town of Art and History\".", "Q91178": "Watchtower is an American progressive metal band based in Austin, Texas. The band was influenced by a number of acts, such as Pink Floyd, Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin, UFO, Rush and U.K., as well as the burgeoning new wave of British heavy metal scene. Although Watchtower never reached mainstream success, they have been cited as an influence by many other progressive metal bands, such as Dream Theater, Death, Atheist, Sieges Even and Spiral Architect. The band is also notable for featuring vocalist Jason McMaster, who left after the release of their debut album to form Dangerous Toys. Watchtower has released two studio albums\u2015Energetic Disassembly (1985) and Control and Resistance (1989)\u2015as well as one compilation album, four digital singles, one EP and three demo cassettes, and has been featured on many compilation albums.\n\n", "Q448366": "Liberatori \"Liberty\" DeVitto (born August 8, 1950) is an American rock drummer. He is best known for his work as a drummer for New York singer-songwriter Billy Joel's recording and touring band and most recently as drummer for The Slim Kings, but he has also played with the NYC Hit Squad and has been a session drummer on recordings of other artists. He is credited as drummer on over 150 million records sold.", "Q129209": "Henry Madison Morris (October 6, 1918 \u2013 February 25, 2006) was an American young Earth creationist, Christian apologist, and engineer. He was one of the founders of the Creation Research Society and the Institute for Creation Research. He is considered by many to be \"the father of modern creation science.\" He is widely known for coauthoring The Genesis Flood with John C. Whitcomb in 1961.As Morris believed in the biblical literalism and inerrancy, he opposed the billions-of-years time scales of evolution, the age of the Earth, and the age of the Universe that he saw as being contrary to it. Morris' influential approach, while adopted widely by the modern creationist movement, continues to be rejected by the mainstream scientific community, as well as by old Earth creationists and theistic evolutionists.", "Q44989": "Tulsa is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 45th-most populous city in the United States. As of July 2018, the population was 403,035, an increase of 11,129 since the 2010 Census. It is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, a region with 991,005 residents in the MSA and 1,251,172 in the CSA. The city serves as the county seat of Tulsa County, the most densely populated county in Oklahoma, with urban development extending into Osage, Rogers, and Wagoner counties.Tulsa was settled between 1828 and 1836 by the Lochapoka Band of Creek Native American tribe. For most of the 20th century, the city held the nickname \"Oil Capital of the World\" and played a major role as one of the most important hubs for the American oil industry.Historically, a robust energy sector fueled Tulsa's economy; however, today the city has diversified and leading sectors include finance, aviation, telecommunications and technology. Two institutions of higher education within the city have sports teams at the NCAA Division I level, Oral Roberts University and the University of Tulsa.\nIt is situated on the Arkansas River between the Osage Hills and the foothills of the Ozark Mountains in northeast Oklahoma, a region of the state known as \"Green Country\". Considered the cultural and arts center of Oklahoma, Tulsa houses two art museums, full-time professional opera and ballet companies, and one of the nation's largest concentrations of art deco architecture. The city has been called one of America's most livable large cities by Partners for Livable Communities, Forbes, and Relocate America. FDi Magazine in 2009 ranked the city no. 8 in the U.S. for cities of the future. In 2012, Tulsa was ranked among the top 50 best cities in the United States by BusinessWeek. People from Tulsa are called \"Tulsans\".", "Q327288": "Richard \"Richie\" Hayward (February 6, 1946 \u2013 August 12, 2010) was an American drummer best known as a founding member and drummer in the band Little Feat. He performed with several bands and worked as a session player. Hayward also joined with friends in some small acting roles on television, which included an episode of F Troop.", "Q483771": "Elijah Wood (born January 28, 1981) is an American actor, voice actor, film producer, and DJ. He is best known for his portrayal of Frodo Baggins in the Lord of the Rings film trilogy (2001\u20132003) and in The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012).\nWood made his film debut in 1989 with a small part in Back to the Future Part II. He went on to achieve recognition as a child actor with roles in Avalon (1990), Paradise (1991), Radio Flyer, Forever Young (both 1992), The Adventures of Huck Finn and The Good Son (both 1993). As a teenager, he starred in films such as North, The War (both 1994), Flipper (1996), The Ice Storm (1997), Deep Impact and The Faculty (both 1998). Following the success of The Lord of the Rings, Wood has appeared in a wide range of films, including Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004), Sin City, Green Street, Everything Is Illuminated (all 2005), Paris, je t'aime, Bobby (both 2006), Celeste and Jesse Forever, Maniac (both 2012), Grand Piano (2013), The Last Witch Hunter (2015), The Trust (2016), and I Don't Feel at Home in This World Anymore (2017).\nWood's voice work includes the role of Mumble in Happy Feet (2006) and its sequel; the title character in 9 (2009); and Spyro in the Legend of Spyro video game trilogy (2006\u20132008). In addition, he provided the voice of Beck on Disney XD's Tron: Uprising (2012\u20132013), and Wirt in the Cartoon Network miniseries Over the Garden Wall (2014). From 2011\u20132014, Wood played the role of Ryan Newman in the FX television series Wilfred, for which he received a Satellite Award nomination for Best Actor. From 2016\u201317, he starred as Todd Brotzman in the BBC America series Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency.\nWood had his own record label, Simian Records, which he founded in 2005 and which was dissolved in 2015. In 2010, he founded the production company SpectreVision, which specializes in producing horror films such as The Greasy Strangler and A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night.", "Q373829": "Jules Huret (French: [y\u0281\u025b]; 8 April 1863, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais \u2013 14 February 1915, Paris) was a French journalist, best known for his interviews with writers.\n\n", "Q132167": "John Orson Whitaker, Jr. (born December 13, 1959) is an American actor notable for several performances for film and television during his childhood. The redheaded Whitaker played Jody Davis on Family Affair from 1966 to 1971. He also originated the role of Scotty Baldwin on General Hospital in 1965, played the lead in Hallmark's 1969 The Littlest Angel, and portrayed the title character in the 1973 musical version of Tom Sawyer.", "Q239934": "Alice Sebold (born September 6, 1963) is an American writer. She has published three books: Lucky (1999), The Lovely Bones (2002), and The Almost Moon (2007).", "Q60817": "C. W. Ceram (20 January 1915 \u2013 12 April 1972) was the pseudonym of German journalist, editor at Rowohlt Verlag, and author Kurt Wilhelm Marek, known for his popular works about archaeology. He chose to write under a pseudonym \u2014 spelling his own name backward as an ananym, and latinizing the K as C \u2014 to distance himself from his earlier work as a propagandist for the Third Reich.\nCeram was born in Berlin. During World War II, he was a member of the Propagandatruppe. His works from that period include Wir hielten Narvik, 1941, and Rote Spiegel - \u00fcberall am Feind. Von den Kanonieren des Reichsmarschalls, 1943.\nIn 1949, Ceram wrote his most famous book, G\u00f6tter, Gr\u00e4ber und Gelehrte \u2014 published in English as Gods, Graves and Scholars: The Story of Archaeology \u2014 an account of the historical development of archaeology. Published in 28 languages, Ceram's book eventually received a printing of over 5 million copies, and is still in print today. His very first article in this vein was about epigraphy entitled: On the Decipherment of an Unknown Script and was published in the Berliner Illustrierte (1935).\nOther books by the author include The Secret of the Hittites (1956), March of Archaeology (1958) and The First American (1971), a book on ancient North American history. Under his actual name he wrote Yestermorrow: Notes on Man's Progress (1961); Hands on the Past: The Pioneer Archaeologists Tell Their Own Story (1966).\nKurt Marek was responsible for the publication of A Woman in Berlin, the anonymous memoir of a German woman raped by Red Army troops.He died at Hamburg in 1972.\nThe Ceram Prize in archaeology is named after him.", "Q92459": "Gernot Erler (born 3 May 1944 in Mei\u00dfen) is a German politician (SPD) who was member of the Bundestag, the German parliament, from 1987 to 2017.", "Q188389": "Irene Worth, CBE (June 23, 1916 \u2013 March 9, 2002) was an American stage and screen actress who became one of the leading stars of the British and American theatre. She pronounced her given name with three syllables: \"I-REE-nee\".\nWorth made her Broadway debut in 1943, joined the Old Vic company in 1951 and the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1962. She won the BAFTA Award for Best British Actress for the 1958 film Orders to Kill. Her other film appearances included Nicholas and Alexandra (1971) and Deathtrap (1982). A three-time Tony Award winner, she won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for Tiny Alice in 1965 and Sweet Bird of Youth in 1976, and won the 1991 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for Lost in Yonkers, a role she reprised in the 1993 film version. One of her later stage performances was opposite Paul Scofield in the 2001 production of I Take Your Hand in Mine at the Almeida Theatre in London.", "Q4829090": "Avo Uvezian (March 22, 1926 in Beirut, French Lebanon \u2013 March 24, 2017) was an Armenian-American cigar manufacturer, jazz pianist and composer.", "Q68293": "Georg von Vincke (5 May 1811 \u2013 3 June 1875) was a Prussian politician, officer, landowner and aristocrat of the Vincke family.", "Q559531": "Yakov Isidorovich Perelman (Russian: \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0418\u0441\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d; December 4, 1882 \u2013 March 16, 1942) was a Russian and Soviet science writer and author of many popular science books, including Physics Can Be Fun and Mathematics Can Be Fun (both translated from Russian into English).", "Q16759": "Kaley Christine Cuoco ( KWOH-koh; Italian: [\u02c8kw\u0254\u02d0ko]; born November 30, 1985) is an American actress and producer. After a series of supporting film and television roles in the late 1990s, she landed her breakthrough role as Bridget Hennessy on the ABC sitcom 8 Simple Rules (2002\u20132005). Thereafter, Cuoco voiced Brandy Harrington on Brandy & Mr. Whiskers (2004\u20132006) and appeared as Billie Jenkins on the final season of the television series Charmed (2005\u20132006). She later starred as Penny on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory (2007\u20132019), and received Satellite, Critics' Choice, and People's Choice awards for the role.\nCuoco made her film debut in the thriller television film Quicksand: No Escape (1992). Her film work includes Virtuosity (1995), Toothless (1999), Can't Be Heaven (1999), Alley Cats Strike (2000), Growing Up Brady (2000), Crimes of Fashion (2004), The Hollow (2004), Lucky 13 (2005), To Be Fat like Me (2007), Cougar Club (2007), Killer Movie (2008), The Penthouse (2010), Hop (2011), Authors Anonymous (2014), and The Wedding Ringer (2015). She received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2014 and in October 2017 founded Yes, Norman Productions.", "Q48143": "Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. The most common symptoms are fever, headache, and neck stiffness. Other symptoms include confusion or altered consciousness, vomiting, and an inability to tolerate light or loud noises. Young children often exhibit only nonspecific symptoms, such as irritability, drowsiness, or poor feeding. If a rash is present, it may indicate a particular cause of meningitis; for instance, meningitis caused by meningococcal bacteria may be accompanied by a characteristic rash.The inflammation may be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms, and less commonly by certain drugs. Meningitis can be life-threatening because of the inflammation's proximity to the brain and spinal cord; therefore, the condition is classified as a medical emergency. A lumbar puncture, in which a needle is inserted into the spinal canal to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), can diagnose or exclude meningitis.Some forms of meningitis are preventable by immunization with the meningococcal, mumps, pneumococcal, and Hib vaccines. Giving antibiotics to people with significant exposure to certain types of meningitis may also be useful. The first treatment in acute meningitis consists of promptly giving antibiotics and sometimes antiviral drugs. Corticosteroids can also be used to prevent complications from excessive inflammation. Meningitis can lead to serious long-term consequences such as deafness, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, or cognitive deficits, especially if not treated quickly.In 2015, meningitis occurred in about 8.7 million people worldwide. This resulted in 379,000 deaths\u2014down from 464,000 deaths in 1990. With appropriate treatment the risk of death in bacterial meningitis is less than 15%. Outbreaks of bacterial meningitis occur between December and June each year in an area of sub-Saharan Africa known as the meningitis belt. Smaller outbreaks may also occur in other areas of the world. The word meningitis comes from the Greek \u03bc\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b9\u03b3\u03be meninx, \"membrane\", and the medical suffix -itis, \"inflammation\".", "Q549722": "Les Mis\u00e9rables is a 2000 French television miniseries based on the novel of the same name by Victor Hugo. The miniseries was broadcast in four parts. A three-hour English version was also released. This version is very true to Victor Hugo's novel. It maintains the setting, time period and covers the full arc of the story.", "Q11036": "The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The first stable line-up consisted of bandleader Brian Jones (guitar, harmonica, keyboards), Mick Jagger (lead vocals, harmonica), Keith Richards (guitar, vocals), Bill Wyman (bass guitar), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano). Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued to work with the band as a contracted musician until his death in 1985. The band's primary songwriters, Jagger\u2013Richards, assumed leadership after Andrew Loog Oldham became the group's manager. Jones left the band less than a month before his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor. Taylor left in 1974 and was replaced in 1975 by Ronnie Wood who has since remained. Since Wyman's departure in 1993, Darryl Jones has served as touring bassist. The Stones have not had an official keyboardist since 1963, but have employed several musicians in that role, including Jack Nitzsche (1965\u20131971), Nicky Hopkins (1967\u20131982), Billy Preston (1971\u20131981), Ian McLagan (1978\u20131981), and Chuck Leavell (1982\u2013present).\nThe Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the United States in 1964 and were identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in blues and early rock and roll, the band started out playing covers but found more success with their own material; songs such as \"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction\" and \"Paint It Black\" became international hits, and Aftermath (1966) \u2013 their first entirely original album \u2013 has been considered the most important of the band's formative records. After a short period of experimentation with psychedelic rock in the mid-1960s, the group returned to its \"bluesy\" roots with Beggars Banquet (1968), Let It Bleed (1969), Sticky Fingers (1971), and Exile on Main St. (1972). It was during this period they were first introduced on stage as \"The Greatest Rock and Roll Band in the World\".The band continued to release commercially successful albums through the 1970s and early 1980s, including Some Girls (1978) and Tattoo You (1981), the two best-sellers in their discography. During the 1980s, the band infighting curtailed their output and they only released two more underperforming albums and did not tour for the rest of the decade. Their fortunes changed at the end of the decade, when they released Steel Wheels (1989), promoted by a large stadium and arena tour, the Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tour. Since the 1990s, new material has been less frequent. Despite this, the Rolling Stones continue to be a huge attraction on the live circuit. By 2007, the band had four of the top five highest-grossing concert tours of all time: Voodoo Lounge Tour (1994\u20131995), Bridges to Babylon Tour (1997\u20131998), Licks Tour (2002\u20132003) and A Bigger Bang (2005\u20132007). Musicologist Robert Palmer attributes the endurance of the Rolling Stones to their being \"rooted in traditional verities, in rhythm-and-blues and soul music\", while \"more ephemeral pop fashions have come and gone\".The Rolling Stones were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2004. Rolling Stone magazine ranked them fourth on the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\" list and their estimated record sales is 200 million. They have released 30 studio albums, 23 live albums and numerous compilations. Let It Bleed (1969) marked the first of five consecutive No. 1 studio and live albums in the UK. Sticky Fingers (1971) was the first of eight consecutive No. 1 studio albums in the US. In 2008, the band ranked 10th on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists chart. In 2012, the band celebrated its 50th anniversary. They still continue to release albums to brisk sales and critical acclaim; their most recent album Blue & Lonesome was released in December 2016 and reached No. 1 in the UK and No. 4 in the US and won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album. The group also continues to sell out venues, with their recent No Filter Tour running for two years and concluding in August 2019.", "Q1522392": "Tyree Cooper known as simply Tyree (born 26 November) is an American house producer from Chicago, Illinois. He is particularly known for the hip house hit \"Turn Up the Bass\".", "Q57063": "Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard (Hungarian: L\u00e9n\u00e1rd F\u00fcl\u00f6p Edu\u00e1rd Antal) (7 June 1862 \u2013 20 May 1947) was a Hungarian-born German physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his work on cathode rays and the discovery of many of their properties. One of his most important contributions was the experimental realization of the photoelectric effect. He discovered that the energy (speed) of the electrons ejected from a cathode depends only on the wavelength, and not the intensity of, the incident light.\nLenard was a nationalist and anti-Semite; as an active proponent of the Nazi ideology, he supported Adolf Hitler in the 1920s and was an important role model for the \"Deutsche Physik\" movement during the Nazi period. Notably, he labeled Albert Einstein's contributions to science as \"Jewish physics\".", "Q78080": "Julius Hermann Moritz Busch (13 February 1821 \u2013 16 November 1899) was a German publicist. He has been characterized as \u201cBismarck's Boswell.\u201d", "Q288457": "Ayla Marie Kell (born October 7, 1990) is an American actress. She is best known for the role of Payson Keeler in the ABC Family series Make It or Break It.", "Q586153": "Pavel Tigrid (27 October 1917 \u2013 31 August 2003) was a Czech writer, publisher, author and politician. He is considered one of the most important personalities of the Czech exile journalism.", "Q289991": "Gail Patrick (born Margaret LaVelle Fitzpatrick, June 20, 1911 \u2013 July 6, 1980) was an American film actress and television producer. Often cast as the bad girl or the other woman, she appeared in more than 60 feature films between 1932 and 1948, notably My Man Godfrey (1936), Stage Door (1937) and My Favorite Wife (1940).\nAfter retiring from acting she became, as Gail Patrick Jackson, president of Paisano Productions and executive producer of the Perry Mason television series (1957\u201366). She was one of the first female producers, and the only female executive producer in prime time during the nine years Perry Mason was on the air. She served two terms (1960\u201362) as vice president of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and as president of its Hollywood chapter\u2014the first woman to serve in a leadership capacity in the academy, and its only female leader until 1983.", "Q1077158": "Chris Cutler (born 4 January 1947) is an English percussionist, composer, lyricist and music theorist. Best known for his work with English avant-rock group Henry Cow, Cutler was also a member and drummer of other bands, including Art Bears, News from Babel, Pere Ubu and (briefly) Gong/Mothergong. He has collaborated with many musicians and groups, including Fred Frith, Lindsay Cooper, Zeena Parkins, Peter Blegvad, Telectu and The Residents, and has appeared on over 100 recordings. Cutler's career spans over four decades and he still performs actively throughout the world.\nCutler created and runs the British independent record label Recommended Records and is the editor of its sound-magazine, R\u0113R Quarterly. He has given a number of public lectures on music, published numerous articles and papers, and written a book on the political theory of contemporary music, File Under Popular (1984). Cutler also assembled and released The 40th Anniversary Henry Cow Box Set (2009), a collection of over 10 hours of previously unreleased recordings by the band.", "Q1295171": "Edythe A. Baker (August 25, 1899 \u2013 August 15, 1971) was an American boogie-woogie pianist.\n\nBaker was born in poverty in Girard, Kansas to Asa and Sophronia Baker. After her mother died around 1910 she was sent to Kansas City, Missouri to live, and attended a convent. There she was trained in piano fundamentals, eventually working for a music store. After touring with a vaudeville troupe in 1918, Edythe moved to New York City in 1919. There she made piano rolls (for Aeolian and Duo-Art) between 1919 and 1926; these included ragtime and pop pieces. She worked on Broadway in musicals and performed with vaudeville troupes such as the Ziegfeld Follies.\nIn 1926, Baker relocated to England, and recorded twenty two pieces there between 1927 and 1933. She became a star there after appearing in revues in 1927. She married into the banking family of Gerard d'Erlanger in 1928, and left the music industry after the mid 1930s. Baker returned to the United States in the late 1940s, and little was heard of her until her death in Orange, California in 1971.\nA selection of Baker's piano rolls, recorded by Dave Jasen, were reissued on an album released by Folkways Records in 1983.\nBaker died in California in 1971, aged 71.", "Q120563": "Friedrich Wolters (2 September 1876 \u2013 14 April 1930) was a German historian, poet and translator. He was one of the central figures of the George-Kreis, an influential literary group. Wolters met Stefan George in 1904 and by the 1920s was one of his strongest supporters in the George-Kreis.", "Q534939": "Quique Dacosta is the chef of an eponymous Spanish restaurant in D\u00e9nia, Province of Alicante, Spain. Following the closure of elBulli, Dacosta is one of the new leaders of avant-garde cuisine in Spain.Dacosta only uses locally sourced ingredients from within 75 km of his restaurant.He is the president of the advisory board at GASMA (Gastronomy and Culinary Management Campus).", "Q42308": "Kharkiv (Ukrainian: \u0425\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432, romanized: Ch\u00e1rkiv, pronounced [\u02c8x\u0251rkiu\u032f]), also known as Kharkov (Russian: \u0425\u0430\u0301\u0440\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432 [\u02c8xar\u02b2k\u0259f]) is the second largest city in Ukraine. In the northeast of the country, it is the largest city of the Slobozhanshchyna historical region. Kharkiv is the administrative centre of Kharkiv Oblast and of the surrounding Kharkiv Raion, though administratively it is incorporated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion.\nThe city was founded in 1654 and after a humble beginning as a small fortress grew to be a major centre of Ukrainian industry, trade and culture in the Russian Empire.\nKharkiv was the first capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, from December 1919 to January 1934, after which the capital relocated to Kiev.Presently, Kharkiv is a major cultural, scientific, educational, transport and industrial centre of Ukraine, with numerous museums, theatres and libraries.\nIts industry specializes primarily in machinery and in electronics. There are hundreds of industrial companies in the city, including the Morozov Design Bureau and the Malyshev Tank Factory (leaders in world tank production from the 1930s to the 1980s); Khartron (aerospace and nuclear power plants automation electronics); the Turboatom (turbines for hydro-, thermal- and nuclear-power plants), and Antonov (the multipurpose aircraft manufacturing plant).\n\n", "Q679659": "Floyd James Dell (June 28, 1887 \u2013 July 23, 1969) was an American newspaper and magazine editor, literary critic, novelist, playwright, and poet. Dell has been called \"one of the most flamboyant, versatile and influential American Men of Letters of the first third of the 20th Century.\" In Chicago, he was editor of the nationally syndicated Friday Literary Review. As editor and critic, Dell's influence is seen in the work of many major American writers from the first half of the 20th century. A lifelong poet, he was also a best-selling author, as well as a playwright whose hit Broadway comedy, Little Accident (1928), was made into a Hollywood movie.Dell wrote extensively on controversial social issues of the early 20th century, and played a major part in the political and social movements originating in New York City's Greenwich Village during the 1910s & 1920s. As editor of left-wing magazine The Masses, Dell was twice put on trial for publishing subversive literature.\n\n", "Q96159": "Fritz Vahrenholt (born May 8, 1949 in Gelsenkirchen-Buer) is a German politician (SPD), industrialist and a climate change denier.", "Q544560": "Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola (acronym TVE, or lowercase letters: tve, in English \"Spanish Television\") is the national state-owned public-service television broadcaster in Spain. TVE belongs to the RTVE Corporation, which has overall responsibility for national public-service radio and television under a Parliament-appointed General Manager who, in addition to being answerable to a Board of Directors, reports to an all-party committee of the national parliament, as provided for in the Public Radio and Television Law of 2006.\nTVE's activities were previously financed by a combination of advertising revenue and subsidies from the national government, but since January 2010, it has been supported by subsidies only.", "Q45301": "Trabzon (Turkish pronunciation: [\u02c8t\u027eabzon]), historically known as Trebizond in English, is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. Trabzon, located on the historical Silk Road, became a melting pot of religions, languages and culture for centuries and a trade gateway to Persia in the southeast and the Caucasus to the northeast. The Venetian and Genoese merchants paid visits to Trebizond during the medieval period and sold silk, linen and woolen fabric.\nBoth republics had merchant colonies within the city \u2013 Leonkastron and the former 'Venetian castle' \u2013 that played a role to Trebizond similar to the one Galata played to Constantinople (modern Istanbul). Trabzon formed the basis of several states in its long history and was the capital city of the Empire of Trebizond between 1204 and 1461. During the early modern period, Trabzon, because of the importance of its port, again became a focal point of trade to Persia and the Caucasus.\n\n", "Q318736": "Fernando Fern\u00e1ndez G\u00f3mez (28 August 1921 \u2013 21 November 2007) better known as Fernando Fern\u00e1n-G\u00f3mez was a Spanish actor, screenwriter, film director, theater director and member of the Royal Spanish Academy for seven years. He was born in Peru while his mother, Spanish actress Carola Fern\u00e1n-G\u00f3mez, was making a tour in Latin America. He would later use her surname for his stage name when he moved to Spain in 1924.\nAfter the Spanish Civil War he began to study law but interrupted his studies to work in theater. In 1942 he began to act in movies but also continued working on plays. He formed his own theater company and received awards for directing and writing. In the 1950s he began to direct movies, including the film of his novel, El viaje a ninguna parte. He received praise for his 1958 comedy La vida por delante, which led to a sequel, La vida alrededor. In 1977, he won the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 27th Berlin International Film Festival for his role in The Anchorite. He won the award again at the 35th Berlin International Film Festival in 1985 for his role in Stico and finally the Honorary Golden Bear at the 55th Berlin International Film Festival in 2005.\nHaving been very much in demand during the 1970s and 1980s, the 1990s was a less active period for him, but towards the end of his life, he enjoyed something of a revival, featuring in three major projects: \"Todo sobre mi madre\", \"Plenilunio\", and a starring role in the hit \"La lengua de las mariposas\".\nHe married Mar\u00eda Dolores Pradera in 1945; they divorced in 1959. He married Emma Cohen in 2000. Fernando Fern\u00e1n G\u00f3mez died in Madrid on 21 November 2007 from a heart failure. As he was a lifelong anarchist, his coffin was covered in a black and red anarchist flag.", "Q1316": "Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (; Arabic: \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a \u1e62add\u0101m \u1e24usayn \u02bfAbd al-Ma\u01e7\u012bd al-Tikr\u012bt\u012b; 28 April 1937 \u2013 30 December 2006) was the fifth President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization the Iraqi Ba'ath Party\u2014which espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and socialism\u2014Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup (later referred to as the 17 July Revolution) that brought the party to power in Iraq.\nAs vice president under the ailing General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, and at a time when many groups were considered capable of overthrowing the government, Saddam created security forces through which he tightly controlled conflicts between the government and the armed forces. In the early 1970s, Saddam nationalized oil and foreign banks leaving the system eventually insolvent mostly due to the Iran\u2013Iraq War, the Gulf War, and UN sanctions. Through the 1970s, Saddam cemented his authority over the apparatus of government as oil money helped Iraq's economy to grow at a rapid pace. Positions of power in the country were mostly filled with Sunni Arabs, a minority that made up only a fifth of the population.Saddam formally rose to power in 1979, although he had already been the de facto head of Iraq for several years. He suppressed several movements, particularly Shi'a and Kurdish movements which sought to overthrow the government or gain independence, respectively, and maintained power during the Iran\u2013Iraq War and the Gulf War. Whereas some in the Arab world lauded Saddam for opposing the United States and attacking Israel, he was widely condemned for the brutality of his dictatorship. The total number of Iraqis killed by the security services of Saddam's government in various purges and genocides is conservatively estimated to be 250,000. Saddam's invasions of Iran and Kuwait also resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths.\nIn 2003, a coalition led by the United States invaded Iraq to depose Saddam, in which U.S. President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair erroneously accused him of possessing weapons of mass destruction and having ties to al-Qaeda. Saddam's Ba'ath party was disbanded and the country's first ever set of democratic elections were held. Following his capture on 13 December 2003, the trial of Saddam took place under the Iraqi Interim Government. On 5 November 2006, Saddam was convicted by an Iraqi court of crimes against humanity related to the 1982 killing of 148 Iraqi Shi'a, and sentenced to death by hanging. He was executed on 30 December 2006.", "Q88367": "Johann Jacoby (1 May 1805 \u2013 6 March 1877) was a Left-wing German-Jewish politician.", "Q1164656": "Not to be confused with the record producer Danny Kalb.Danny Kalb (born September 9, 1942, Mount Vernon, New York) is an American blues guitarist and vocalist. He was an original member of the 1960s group the Blues Project.", "Q24933": "The Haunted Castle (German: Das Spukschlo\u00df im Spessart) is a 1960 West German comedy film directed by Kurt Hoffmann. It was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Silver Prize. The film is a sequel to The Spessart Inn (1958) and was followed by Glorious Times at the Spessart Inn (1967). It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hein Heckroth and Willy Schatz.", "Q43770": "Karl Merkatz (born 17 November 1930 in Wiener Neustadt) is an Austrian actor.\nMerkatz is the son of a firefighter. He first wanted to become a carpenter. After World War II he was an active Boy Scout in Wiener Neustadt.\nHowever, later he started to enroll in acting lessons in Salzburg, Vienna and Zurich. Then he found employment in theatres, most notably in Munich, Salzburg, Hamburg and Vienna (Theater in der Josefstadt).\nDuring his later career he starred in several roles in television and motion pictures. In the role of Edmund Sackbauer (Mundl) in the 1970s, he became famous as the typical Viennese (Ein echter Wiener geht nicht unter). Another big success came with the films \"Bockerer\" starring as a naive Viennese during the Second World War in Vienna (the later films are set in the subsequent years to 1945).\nSince 1999 Merkatz has been chairman of the human rights group SOS Mitmensch.", "Q97247": "Benedict Stattler (30 January 1728 \u2013 21 August 1797) was a German Jesuit theologian, an opponent of Immanuel Kant, and a reviser of scholastic philosophy in his time.", "Q108589": "Johann Gottfried Heinrich Kirchweger (12 June 1809 \u2013 18 January 1899) was a German railway engineer. Heinrich Kirchweger was born on 12 June 1809 in Stettin, then part of Germany, now Szczecin in Poland. After attending the trade school in Berlin, Kirchweger worked with the industrialist Georg Henschel in Kassel.", "Q128659": "Ma\u0142gosia Bela (born Ma\u0142gorzata Bela; 6 June 1977) is a Polish fashion model and actress. She made her debut as a runway model for Comme des Gar\u00e7ons, Givenchy, and Balenciaga in 1998, and appeared in various photoshoots for Vogue. In 2004, she made her film debut in the Polish film Ono, and in 2018 appeared in Luca Guadagnino's remake Suspiria.", "Q130016": "Jean Thompson Kasem (born c. 1955) is an American actress. She is the widow of radio personality and actor Casey Kasem.", "Q972329": "David Wise is an English video game music composer and musician. He was a composer at Rare from 1985 to 2009, and was the company's sole musician up until 1994. He has gained a cult following for his work on various games, particularly Nintendo's Donkey Kong Country series. Wise is known for his atmospheric style of music, mixing natural environmental sounds with prominent melodic and percussive accompaniment.", "Q69833": "Artur Dinter (27 June 1876 in Mulhouse \u2013 21 May 1948) was a German writer and Nazi politician.", "Q57705": "Perry Gladstone Christie PC, MP (born 21 August 1943) is a Bahamian former politician who served as Prime Minister of the Bahamas from 2002 to 2007 and from 2012 to 2017. He is the longest-serving Bahamian elected parliamentarian, representing the Centreville constituency from 1977 to 2017. He is also a former athlete. His Progressive Liberal Party is the oldest Bahamian political party, holding solid majorities in the Bahamian Parliament several times in its long history.", "Q1842951": "Sami Hinkka, born 27 April 1978 in Finland, is a heavy metal bass player, presently with Ensiferum. He joined his current band in 2004 as a replacement for Jukka-Pekka Miettinen after playing for some years in the melodic death/doom metal band Rapture. He left his role with Rapture in 2006 and now plays only in Ensiferum.\nIn addition to bass guitar duties, Hinkka also performs in the role of dual backing/choir vocalist with guitarist Markus Toivonen. He has also taken over as the band's main lyricist, having written almost all of the lyrics since Victory Songs. During Ensiferum's tour to Russia in 2008 he performed as the lead vocalist due to Petri Lindroos' illness.", "Q792834": "\u011eayaz \u0130sxaq\u0131y aka Ayaz \u0130shaki (Tatar: Cyrillic \u0413\u0430\u044f\u0437 \u0418\u0441\u0445\u0430\u043a\u044b\u0439, Latin \u011eayaz \u0130sxaq\u00ed, Russian: \u0413\u0430\u044f\u0437 \u0418\u0441\u0445\u0430\u043a\u0438, Gajaz Ishaki) (10 February 1878 \u2014 22 July 1954) was a leading figure of the Volga Bulgarian national movement, prominent Bulgarian writer, journalist, publisher, close associate of Sadri Maksudy in the creation of the first republic of the Volga Bulgarians - Idel-Ural.", "Q642817": "Charles Southward Singleton (1909\u20131985) was an American scholar, writer, and critic of literature. He was an expert on the work of Dante Alighieri, but also of Giovanni Boccaccio. He wrote An Essay on the Vita Nuova (1949), and the famous Dante Studies (I vol. in 1954). He studied, as did the German critic Erich Auerbach, the allegorical interpretation of Dante's Divine Comedy, work which he also translated into English, in six volumes. Irma Brandeis was one of his disciples.\nSingleton received his doctorate from the University of California at Berkeley in 1936. From 1937 until his death, he taught at Johns Hopkins University, except from 1948 to 1957, when he filled the chair in Italian studies at Harvard.Professor Singleton gave the lecture: \"The Vistas in Retrospect\" in 1965 at the Congresso Internazionale di Studi Danteschi in Florence where he received the golden medal for Dante Studies whose other honorees include T. S. Eliot and Andr\u00e9 Pezard.", "Q690789": "LATAM Airlines Brasil, formerly TAM Airlines (Portuguese: TAM Linhas A\u00e9reas), is the Brazilian brand of LATAM Airlines Group. The merger of TAM with LAN Airlines was completed on June 22, 2012. According to the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil (ANAC), between January and December 2018, LATAM had 31.9% of the domestic, and 68.5% of the international market share in terms of passenger-kilometers flown, making it the second largest domestic and largest international airline in Brazil.\nBefore the takeover, TAM was Brazil's and Latin America's largest airline. Its headquarters are in S\u00e3o Paulo, operating scheduled services to destinations within Brazil, as well as international flights to Europe and other parts of North and South America. Shares in the company were traded on the S\u00e3o Paulo Exchange (BM&F Bovespa) and New York Stock Exchange as \"TAM\". Prior to the merger with LAN, the company closed its capital, transferring its shares to LATAM Airlines Group. However, in August 2015, it was announced that the two airlines would fully rebrand as LATAM, with one livery to be applied on all aircraft by 2018. The airline withdrew from the Star Alliance, and joined Oneworld, effective 31 March 2014. The carrier announced, however, on 27 September 2019 that it intends to leave Oneworld \"in due course and in accordance with formal contractual requirements,\" following a $1.9 billion investment - which represents a 20% stake - by Delta Air Lines.", "Q3940095": "Roger Scott Nichols (September 22, 1944 \u2013 April 9, 2011) was an American recording engineer, producer and inventor.\nNichols is best known for his work with the group Steely Dan and John Denver. He was also the audio engineer for numerous major music acts including the Beach Boys, Stevie Wonder, Frank Zappa, Crosby Stills & Nash, Al Di Meola, Rosanne Cash, Roy Orbison, Cass Elliot, Pl\u00e1cido Domingo, Gloria Estefan, Diana Ross, Bela Fleck & the Flecktones, Rickie Lee Jones, Kenny Loggins, Mark Knopfler, Eddie Murphy, Michael McDonald, James Taylor, and Toots Thielemans, among others. On February 11, 2012, Nichols was awarded a Special Merit/Technical Grammy Award, his eighth Grammy overall.In May 2010 Nichols was diagnosed with stage 4 pancreatic cancer. He died from the disease at his home on April 9, 2011. In his subsequent New York Times obituary, Nichols was referred to in the headline as an \"Artist Among Sound Engineers.\" The Roger Nichols Recording Method, his long-awaited guide to audio engineering, was released by Alfred Music Publishing on June 17, 2013.", "Q3300511": "Maurice Bunau-Varilla (1856 \u2013 1 August 1944) was a French press magnate, and proprietor of the newspaper Le Matin. During the Second World War, he made the newspaper's editorial line pro-German and pro-collaborationist, and it ceased publication 16 days after his death. Bunau-Varilla admired Adolf Hitler more out of his anti-Communist leanings than out of Nazi conviction.\nBunau-Varilla developed and promoted Synthol as a cure-all tonic. Now known as a mouthwash and hair product, as well as a treatment for muscular pain, it is still sold in France.He was the brother of Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla, engineer and diplomat who was instrumental in the building of the Panama Canal.", "Q238394": "Kristen Noel Swanson (born December 19, 1969) is an American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Buffy Summers in the 1992 cult film Buffy the Vampire Slayer and the 1996 cult film The Phantom. Her first starring role was in Wes Craven's horror film Deadly Friend (1986), followed by her portrayal of Catherine \"Cathy\" Dollanganger in the film adaptation of V. C. Andrews's Flowers in the Attic (1987). Swanson also starred in several films, including Hot Shots! (1991), The Program (1993), The Chase (1994), 8 Heads in a Duffel Bag (1997), Big Daddy (1999), and Dude, Where's My Car? (2000), and appeared in Pretty in Pink (1986) and Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986).", "Q187910": "Veit Arnpeck (1440\u20131505) was a Bavarian historian from Landshut. He was educated at Amberg and Vienna and later became parish priest of St. Martin's Church, Landshut and chaplain to Bishop Sixtus. He is considered a significant figure in the development of Bavarian history and was praised by Aventin as one of his most important predecessors. His works include Chronicon Austriacum down to 1488 (Pez, Script. rer. Austr., I, 1165), Liber de gestis episcoporum Frisingensium (Deutinger, Beitr. z. Gesch. d. Erzbisth. Munch.-Fries., III), and the Chronicon Baioariorum (Pez, Thesaurus, III, ii, 19 sq.).", "Q518579": "Mindelheim is a town in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. The town is the capital of the Unterallg\u00e4u district. At various points in history it was the chief settlement of an eponymous state.\n\n", "Q162022": "Mechelen (Dutch pronunciation: [\u02c8m\u025bx\u0259l\u0259(n)] (listen), French: Malines, traditional English name: Mechlin) is a city and municipality in the province of Antwerp in the Flemish Region of Belgium. The municipality comprises the city of Mechelen proper, some quarters at its outskirts, the hamlets of Nekkerspoel (adjacent) and Battel (a few kilometers away), as well as the villages of Walem, Heffen, Leest, Hombeek, and Muizen. The Dyle (Dutch: Dijle) flows through the city, hence it is often referred to as the Dijlestad (\"City on the river Dijle\").\nMechelen lies on the major urban and industrial axis Brussels\u2013Antwerp, about 25 km from each city. Inhabitants find employment at Mechelen's southern industrial and northern office estates, as well as at offices or industry near the capital and Zaventem Airport, or at industrial plants near Antwerp's seaport.\nMechelen is one of Flanders' prominent cities of historical art, with Antwerp, Bruges, Brussels, Ghent, and Leuven. It was notably a centre for artistic production during the Northern Renaissance, when painters, printmakers, illuminators and composers of polyphony were attracted by patrons such as Margaret of York, Margaret of Austria and Hieronymus van Busleyden.", "Q58422": "Tangshan (Chinese: \u5510\u5c71; pinyin: T\u00e1ngsh\u0101n) is a coastal, industrial prefecture-level city in the northeast of Hebei province. The city's industrialization began in 1870, when Kailuan Group established coal mines in the region. It's the birthplace of China's first standard-gauge railway, the first railway plant, the first steam locomotive, and the first cement factory. It was hailed as China's \"cradle of industrialization\". Even today, Tangshan is a hub of steel, energy, chemical, and ceramics production. Ping opera, which originated from the city's Luanzhou county, is one of the five most popular Chinese operas.It has also become known for the 1976 Tangshan earthquake which measured 7.8 on the Richter scale, flattening much of the city and killing at least 255,000 residents according to official estimates. The city has since been rebuilt, has become a tourist attraction, and is among the 10 largest ports in China.The city of Tangshan is approximately 149 kilometers, 92 miles or 80 nautical miles east by south east of the country's capital city of Beijing. It takes roughly 2 hours by road to get from Tangshan to Beijing and 1 hour by road to reach Tianjin.Tangshan's prefecture population was 7,577,289 at the 2010 census, with 3,187,171 in the built-up (or metro) area made of the 6 urban core districts.\n\n", "Q343040": "Ali \u015een (26 December 1918 in Adana, Ottoman Empire \u2013 15 December 1989 in Istanbul, Turkey) was a Turkish actor, father of the actor \u015eener \u015een. He played many roles both as protagonist and antagonist.", "Q124077": "Adolphe Appia (1 September 1862 \u2013 29 February 1928), son of Red Cross co-founder Louis Appia, was a Swiss architect and theorist of stage lighting and d\u00e9cor.\nAppia is best known for his many scenic designs for Wagner\u2019s operas. He rejected painted two-dimensional sets for three-dimensional \"living\" sets because he believed that shade was as necessary as light to form a connection between the actor and the setting of the performance in time and space. Through the use of control of light intensity, colour and manipulation, Appia created a new perspective of scene design and stage lighting.\nDirectors and designers have both taken great inspiration from the work of Adolphe Appia, whose design theories and conceptualizations of Wagner's operas have helped to shape modern perceptions of the relationship between the performance space and lighting. One of the reasons for the influence of Appia's work and theories, is that he was working at time when electrical lighting was just evolving. Another is that he was a man of great vision who was able to conceptualize and philosophize about many of his practices and theories.\nThe central principle underpinning much of Appia's work is that artistic unity is the primary function of the director and the designer. Appia maintained that two dimensional set painting and the performance dynamics it created, was the major cause of production disunity in his time. He advocated three elements as fundamental to creating a unified and effective mise en scene:\n\nDynamic and three dimensional movements by actors\nPerpendicular scenery\nUsing depth and the horizontal dynamics of the performance space(Brockett 1994)Appia saw light, space and the human body as malleable commodities which should be integrated to create a unified mise en scene. He advocated synchronicity of sound, light and movement in his productions of Wagner's operas and he tried to integrate corps of actors with the rhythms and moods of the music. Ultimately however, Appia considered light as the primary element which fused together all aspects of a production and he consistently attempted to unify musical and movement elements of the text and score to the more mystical and symbolic aspects of light. He often tried to have actors, singers and dancers start with a strong symbolic gesture or movement and end with another strong symbolic pose or gesture. In his productions, light was ever changing, manipulated from moment to moment, from action to action. Ultimately, Appia sought to unify stage movement and the use of space, stage rhythm and the mise en scene.\nAppia was one of the first designers to understand the potential of stage lighting to do more than merely illuminate actors and painted scenery. His ideas about the staging of \"word-tone drama\", together with his own stagings of Tristan und Isolde (Milan 1923) and parts of the Ring (Basle 1924-25) have influenced later stagings, especially those of the second half of the twentieth century.\nFor Appia and for his productions, the mise en scene and the totality or unity of the performance experience was primary and he believed that these elements drove movement and initiated action more than any thing else (Johnston 1972). Appia's designs and theories went on to inspire many other theatre creators such as Edward Gordon Craig, Jacques Copeau and Wieland Wagner.\n\n", "Q123718": "G\u00e9o Voumard (2 December 1920 \u2013 3 September 2008) was a Swiss jazz pianist and composer. He was a co-founder of the Montreux Jazz Festival and composer of the song \"Refrain\" which won the first Eurovision Song Contest.", "Q612": "Dubai ( doo-BY; Arabic: \u062f\u0628\u064a\u200e Dubay, Gulf Arabic: Arabic pronunciation: [d\u028a\u02c8b\u0251j]) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai.Located in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula on the coast of the Persian Gulf, Dubai aims to be the business hub of Western Asia. It is also a major global transport hub for passengers and cargo. Oil revenue helped accelerate the development of the city, which was already a major mercantile hub. Today, less than 5% of the emirate's revenue comes from oil. A centre for regional and international trade since the early 20th century, Dubai's economy relies on revenues from trade, tourism, aviation, real estate, and financial services. According to government data, the population of Dubai is estimated at around 3.38 million as of January 2020.", "Q1346329": "Reid Laurence \"Larry\" LaLonde (born September 12, 1968), also known as Ler LaLonde, is an American musician best known as the guitarist for Primus, a position that he has served since 1989, where he is known for his experimental accompaniment to the bass playing of bandmate Les Claypool. Previously, he played guitar for the groups Possessed, Blind Illusion, No Forcefield, and the Frank Zappa tribute band \"Caca\". He also has collaborated more recently with artists such as Serj Tankian and Tom Waits.\n\n", "Q283270": "Johannes Poulsen (17 November 1881 \u2013 14 October 1938) was a Danish actor and director.\nHe debuted with the Dagmar Theatre in 1901.\nIn 1909 he joined the Royal Theatre as an actor, and from 1917 was also a stage director.\nMemorable roles included Peer Gynt, Shylock, Henry VIII and the fool in Twelfth Night.\nPoulsen debuted on film in 1910 with Regia Art Films, and later starred in four films for Nordisk Film.\nHe wrote the book Gennem de fagre riger (English: Through the Fair Realms) which was published in 1916.In 1919 Poulsen staged Adam Oehlenschl\u00e4ger's drama Aladdin with music to be composed by Carl Nielsen. After accepting the contract, Nielsen found that Poulsen was making the orchestra play under the huge staircase in the center of the scenery and using the orchestra pit in the set. When Poulsen cut out large parts of the music during final rehearsals and changed the sequence of dances, Nielsen demanded that his name be removed from the poster and the program.Poulsen remained with the Royal Theatre until 1927. From 1928 to 1930 he gave guest appearances in several European capitals, before returning the Royal Theatre where he became its director.\nWhile in this capacity, he was invited by the California Festival Association in 1936 to stage an outdoor production of the medieval pageant, Everyman, at the Hollywood Bowl. Legendary film producer Irving Thalberg arranged for the play's backing through the support of Dr. A.H. Giannini of the Bank of America, with the proviso that a large portion of the production's profits would benefit Jewish refugees from Hitler's Germany. Thalberg hosted a lavish dinner for Dr. Poulsen the week before its premiere, attended by MGM chairman, Louis B. Mayer, among other Hollywood elite, and the production itself - an expensively-mounted spectacular of the 15th century morality play - opened to a star-studded premiere with 12,000 people in the audience. (This was Thalberg's last professional work before his death at age 36 later that month. )\nDuring this same visit, Charlie Chaplin presented Dr. Poulsen with his own director's chair, which he had personally autographed, to donate to the Royal Theater Museum in Copenhagen.\nPoulsen remained with the Royal Theater until his death two years later, performing for the last time as Christian IV in Elves' Hill on 31 May 1938.\nShortly before his death he played with George Schn\u00e9evoigt in the movie Champagnegaloppen.", "Q3379978": "Philippe Gurdjian (18 January 1945 \u2013 30 August 2014) was a French racing driver and car racing promoter.", "Q24282630": "AOA Black is a subgroup of the South Korean girl group AOA, formed by FNC Entertainment in 2013. It is currently composed of three AOA members: Jimin, Yuna and former member Youkyung, as the guest member. Youkyung left the agency of the group in October 2016, but she is still part of the group as a guest member. Choa left the group and sub-unit on June 30, 2017, while Mina left the group in May 2019. The group is notable for their debut single album, \"Moya\".", "Q303464": "Alan Dawa Dolma (Tibetan: \u0f68\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f5f\u0fb3\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f92\u0fb2\u0f7c\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f0b, ZYPY: Alan Dawazhouma; Chinese: \u963f\u5170\u00b7\u8fbe\u74e6\u5353\u739b; pinyin: \u0100l\u00e1n D\u00e1w\u01cezhu\u00f3m\u01ce; born on 25 July 1987), known professionally as Alan, is a Chinese singer of Tibetan ethnicity. Alan is known for her signature \"Tibetan wail\", often incorporated into her music. She is a graduate of the PLA Academy of Art, majoring in vocal music and erhu, which she has played since childhood.During her time in college, Alan released a cover album titled Shengsheng Zui Rulan (2005). In early 2006, she auditioned for Japanese label Avex Trax and was subsequently signed as their first Chinese artist. In late 2007, Alan moved to Tokyo and made her debut with \"Ashita e no Sanka\". She recorded the theme song to the film Red Cliff (2008), which brought wide exposure and is featured on her debut Japanese studio album, Voice of Earth (2009).\nIn 2009, her ninth single \"Kuon no Kawa\" debuted at number three on the Oricon weekly charts, the highest placement by a singer from China. Her second Japanese studio album, My Life, came that same year. Following a slew of singles in 2010, including the Inuyasha: The Final Act ending theme \"Diamond\", Alan released the greatest hits album Japan Premium Best and began concentrating on promotional activities in China, where she has solely been active since. Her third Chinese album, Love Song, was released in 2012.", "Q345431": "John J. Mellencamp (born October 7, 1951), previously known as Johnny Cougar, John Cougar, and John Cougar Mellencamp, is an American musician, singer-songwriter, painter, and actor. He is known for his catchy, populist brand of heartland rock, which emphasizes traditional instrumentation. Mellencamp rose to fame in the 1980s while \"honing an almost startlingly plainspoken writing style\" that, starting in 1982, yielded a string of Top 10 singles, including \"Hurts So Good,\" \"Jack & Diane,\" \"Crumblin' Down,\" \"Pink Houses,\" \"Lonely Ol' Night,\" \"Small Town,\" \"R.O.C.K. in the U.S.A.,\" \"Paper in Fire,\" and \"Cherry Bomb.\" He has amassed 22 Top 40 hits in the United States. In addition, he holds the record for the most tracks by a solo artist to hit number one on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, with seven. Mellencamp has been nominated for 13 Grammy Awards, winning one. His latest album of original songs, Sad Clowns & Hillbillies, was released on April 28, 2017.\nMellencamp is also one of the founding members of Farm Aid, an organization that began in 1985 with a concert in Champaign, Illinois, to raise awareness about the loss of family farms and to raise funds to keep farm families on their land. Farm Aid concerts have remained an annual event over the past 35 years, and as of 2020 the organization has raised over $57 million to promote a strong and resilient family farm system of agriculture.\nMellencamp was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 10, 2008. On June 14, 2018, Mellencamp was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. His biggest musical influences are Bob Dylan, Woody Guthrie, James Brown, and the Rolling Stones. Rolling Stone contributor Anthony DeCurtis said: \"Mellencamp has created an important body of work that has earned him both critical regard and an enormous audience. His songs document the joys and struggles of ordinary people seeking to make their way, and he has consistently brought the fresh air of common experience to the typically glamour-addled world of popular music.\"\nIn 2001, Billboard magazine editor-in-chief Timothy White said:John Mellencamp is arguably the most important roots rocker of his generation. ... John has made fiddles, hammer dulcimers, Autoharps (sic) and accordions [into] lead rock instruments on a par with electric guitar, bass, and drums, and he also brought what he calls 'a raw Appalachian' lyrical outlook to his songs. Mellencamp's best music is rock 'n roll stripped of all escapism, and it looks directly at the messiness of life as it's actually lived. In his music, mortality, anxiety, acts of God, questions of romance and brotherhood, and crises of conscience all collide and demand hard decisions. ... This is rock music that tells the truth on both its composer and the culture he's observing.\nJohnny Cash called Mellencamp \"one of the 10 best songwriters\" in music.", "Q1631424": "Terry Fell (May 13, 1921 \u2013 April 4, 2007) was an American country musician.", "Q877537": "Jan Krej\u010d\u00ed (28 February 1825 Klatovy \u2013 1 August 1887 Prague) was a Czech educator, geologist, journalist and politician. He wrote the first Czech textbook of geology in 1860, whose revised edition was released again in 1877 under the title Geologie \u010dili nauka o tvarech zemsk\u00fdch se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm ohledem na krajiny \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9.", "Q165995": "Malatya (Armenian: \u0544\u0561\u056c\u0561\u0569\u056b\u0561 Malat'ya; Kurdish: Melet\u00ee\u200e) is a large city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey and the capital of Malatya Province. The city has been a human settlement for thousands of years. The Assyrians called the city Meliddu. Strabo says that the city was known \"to the ancients\" as Melitene (Ancient Greek \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u03ae), a name adopted by the Romans following Roman expansion into the east. According to Strabo, the inhabitants of Melitene shared with the nearby Cappadocians and Cataonians the same language and culture.\nThe site of ancient Melitene lies a few kilometres from the modern city in what is now the village of Arslantepe and near the dependant district center of Battalgazi (Byzantine to Ottoman Empire). Present-day Battalgazi was the location of the city of Malatya until the 19th century, when a gradual move of the city to the present third location began. Battalgazi's official name was Eskimalatya (Old Malatya); until recently, it was a name used locally. In Turkey the city is renowned for its apricots, as up to 80% of the Turkish apricot production is provided by Malatya, giving Malatya the name kay\u0131s\u0131 diyar\u0131 (\"apricot realm\").", "Q251336": "\u00c1lvaro Vargas Llosa (born 18 March 1966) is a Peruvian-Spanish writer and political commentator on international affairs with emphasis on Latin America. He is also the writer and presenter of a documentary series for National Geographic Channel on contemporary Latin American history that is being shown around the world.\nVargas Llosa is the eldest son of writer and Nobel Prize laureate Mario Vargas Llosa (and his father's heir apparent to the Marquisate of Vargas Llosa) and his second wife (and first cousin) Patricia Llosa. He is the brother of UNHCR representative Gonzalo Vargas Llosa and photographer Morgana Vargas Llosa. He is married with Susana Abad and has a son, Leandro, and a daughter, Aitana and lives in Washington, D.C. He holds both Peruvian and Spanish nationalities.\n\u00c1lvaro Vargas Llosa is a senior fellow at the Independent Institute, who has been a nationally syndicated columnist for the Washington Post Writers Group, and is the author of the book Liberty for Latin America, which obtained the 2005 Antony Fisher International Memorial Award for its contribution to the cause of freedom. He was recently appointed Young Global Leader 2007 by the World Economic Forum in Davos.", "Q1646874": "The Helsinki University of Technology (TKK; Finnish: Teknillinen korkeakoulu; Swedish: Tekniska h\u00f6gskolan) was a technical university in Finland. It was located in Otaniemi, Espoo in the metropolitan area of Greater Helsinki. The university was founded in 1849 by Grand Duke of Finland, Emperor Nicholas I and received university status in 1908. It moved from Helsinki to Otaniemi campus area in 1966. It was merged into Aalto University in 2010 and briefly had the name Aalto University School of Science and Technology before being split into four schools in 2011.\nMuch of the university's Otaniemi campus was designed by Alvar Aalto.", "Q41173": "Demetria Devonne Lovato ( l\u0259-VAH-toh; born August 20, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and television personality. She began her career in 2002 appearing on the children's television series Barney & Friends, before rising to prominence for portraying Mitchie Torres in the Disney Channel musical television film Camp Rock (2008) and its sequel Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam (2010).\nLovato has released six studio albums: Don't Forget (2008), Here We Go Again (2009), Unbroken (2011), Demi (2013), Confident (2015), and Tell Me You Love Me (2017); all of which debuted in the top five of the Billboard 200. She has earned nine top-20 tracks on the Billboard Hot 100 with \"This Is Me\", \"Here We Go Again\", \"Send It On\", \"Skyscraper\", \"Give Your Heart a Break\", \"Heart Attack\", \"Cool for the Summer\", \"Sorry Not Sorry\", and \"I Love Me\". In total, she has sold over two million albums and 20 million singles in the United States. On television, Lovato has starred as the titular character on Sonny with a Chance (2009\u20132011), served as a judge and mentor on The X Factor USA in its second and third seasons, and appeared as a recurring character on Glee. Her struggles with several personal issues received significant media attention in the 2010s; in response to which she published the book Staying Strong: 365 Days a Year (2013) and released a YouTube documentary about her life and career, titled Demi Lovato: Simply Complicated (2017).\nLovato is a pop, pop rock, and R&B artist. She has earned numerous awards and nominations, including an MTV Video Music Award, 14 Teen Choice Awards, five People's Choice Awards, and two Latin American Music Awards. She also holds one Guinness World Record and was included on the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world in 2017. Outside the entertainment industry, Lovato is an activist for several social causes.", "Q203316": "Gavin Baddeley (born 28 December 1966) is an ordained Reverend in the Church of Satan, and an experienced journalist who has worked for The Observer and Metal Hammer. He is the occult authority for the BBC and Channel 4, has addressed Cambridge University, and has been profiled in The Independent and The London Evening Standard. He made an appearance in the documentary film Metal: A Headbanger's Journey.\nBaddeley was ordained into the Church of Satan by Anton LaVey, and subsequently set up the London branch of the church.", "Q157099": "Louis the Child (893 \u2013 20/24 September 911), sometimes called Louis III or Louis IV, was the king of East Francia from 900 until his death in 911 and was the last ruler of the Carolingian dynasty there. He succeeded his father, king Arnulf of Carinthia in 899, when he was six and reigned until his death aged 17 or 18. Louis also inherited the crown of Lotharingia with the death of his elder illegitimate half-brother Zwentibold in 900. During his reign the country was ravaged by Magyar raids.", "Q126660": "Theodor Dumitru Stolojan (Romanian pronunciation: [te\u02c8odor stolo\u02c8\u0292an]; born 24 October 1943) is a Romanian politician who was Prime Minister of Romania from September 1991 to November 1992. An economist by training, he is a leader of the Democratic-Liberal Party. He was currently a Member of the European Parliament for Romania, representing the Democratic Liberal Party (EPP-ED).", "Q361587": "Kevin Peter Hall (May 9, 1955 \u2013 April 10, 1991) was an American actor best known for his roles as the title characters in the first two films in the Predator franchise and the title character of Harry in the film and television series, Harry and the Hendersons. He also appeared in the television series Misfits of Science and 227, along with the film Without Warning.", "Q286308": "Scott Sidney (1872 \u2013 20 July 1928), born Harry Wilbur Siggins, was an American film director. He directed 117 films between 1913 and 1927.\n\nHe died in London, England, United Kingdom.", "Q13153": "Ronda (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8ronda]) is a village in the Spanish province of M\u00e1laga. It is located about 105 km (65 mi) west of the city of M\u00e1laga, within the autonomous community of Andalusia. Its population is about 35,000 inhabitants.\nIt now is one of the towns and villages that is included in the Sierra de las Nieves National Park.", "Q168269": "Ana Castillo (born June 15, 1953) is a Chicana novelist, poet, short story writer, essayist, editor, playwright, translator and independent scholar. Considered one of the leading voices in Chicana experience, Castillo is known for her experimental style as a Latina novelist. Her works offer pungent and passionate socio-political comment that is based on established oral and literary traditions. Castillo's interest in race and gender issues can be traced throughout her writing career. Her novel Sapogonia was a 1990 New York Times Notable Book of the Year, and her text So Far From God was a 1993 New York Times Notable Book of the Year. She is the editor of La Tolteca, an arts and literary magazine. Castillo held the first Sor Juana In\u00e9s de la Cruz Endowed Chair at DePaul University. She has attained a number of awards including a 1987 American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation for her first novel, The Mixquiahuala Letters, a Carl Sandburg Award, a Mountains and Plains Booksellers Award, a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts in fiction and poetry and in 1998 Sor Juana Achievement Award by the Mexican Fine Arts Center Museum in Chicago.", "Q671211": "The Triangle is a three-part US-British-German science fiction miniseries concerning the Bermuda Triangle, which first aired on Sci-Fi Channel in the US December 5\u20137, 2005. It was written by Dean Devlin, Bryan Singer and Rockne S. O'Bannon, directed by Craig R. Baxley, and produced by special effects experts Volker Engel and Marc Weigert, together with Kelly Van Horn, for Devlin's and Singer's production companies Electric Entertainment and Bad Hat Harry Productions, the BBC, and Engel's and Weigert's production company Uncharted Territory.", "Q317411": "Abdul Rahman Pazhwak (Persian: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u200e; born March 7, 1919 \u2013 June 8, 1995) was an Afghan poet and diplomat. He was educated in Afghanistan and started his career as a journalist, but eventually joined the foreign ministry. During the 1950s, he became ambassador to the United Nations and served as president of the UN General Assembly from 1966 to 1967. During the early 1970s, he served for short periods as Afghan ambassador to West Germany and India. In 1976, he became ambassador to the United Kingdom. He served in that position until the 1978 Saur Revolution. He then returned to Afghanistan and was put under house arrest. He was allowed to leave for medical treatment in 1982 and received asylum in the United States, where he lived until 1991, before moving to Peshawar, Pakistan. Abdul Rahman Pazhwak died in Hayatabad in Peshawar on 8 June 1995. He was in Baghwani village off Surkh Road in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan.\nUstad (an honorific title) Abdur Rahman Pazhwak (1919\u20131995) came from a Pashtun household that was attached to tradition but nonetheless gave Pazhwak enough freedom to allow him develop into a \u2018free spirit\u2019 already as a young adult. He grew up to become not only a famous poet and writer but also a successful diplomat who was respected in the highest international circles.", "Q87040": "Rudolf Jung (16 April 1882 \u2013 11 December 1945) was an instrumental figure and agitator in the German Bohemian National Socialist movement, and later became a member of the Nazi Party.\nJung was born in Plasy in Bohemia and went to school in Jihlava, a town fractured by national antagonisms. He was a civil engineer employed by the national railways of Austria-Hungary. In 1909, he joined the German Workers' Party (DAP) and became an ardent party agitator. Because of his political activism, Jung was fired, but the party put him on its payroll and he devoted himself to theoretical work.\nAlong with Dr. Walter Riehl, Jung drafted the Jihlava party program of 1913 \"which contained a more detailed comparison of international Marxism and national socialism and a more pointed attack on Capitalism, Democracy, alien peoples, and Jews. Here, anti-semitism ranked behind anti-Slavism, anti-clericalism and anti-capitalism.\" In 1919, Jung completed his theoretical work Der Nationale Sozialismus. In his introduction, he expressed the hope that his book would play the same role for National Socialism that Das Kapital had for Marxian socialism.\nAt the end of World War I, the DAP was renamed the Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei (DNSAP). Jung convinced Hitler to include the term \"National Socialist\" in the name of the German Workers' Party, the DAP's counterpart in Germany. Hitler originally wanted to rename the German DAP the \"Social Revolutionary Party\".Some of the posts Jung held were: President of the State Labour office in Middle Germany, Gauleiter ad Honorem (honorary), and in 1936, Member of the Reichstag for the district of Westphalia South. In 1943, Jung became the Reich Inspector and Director of the Reich Inspection of Labour Administration.He died by suicide in Prague's Pankr\u00e1c prison before his trial for Nazi activities.\nHe wrote several books including: Der nationale Sozialismus: seine Grundlagen, sein Werdegang und seine Ziele (National Socialism, its Foundations, Development and Goals), Aussig, 1919. 2nd ed.; Munich: Deutscher Volksverlag Dr. Boepple, 1922.", "Q3869361": "NASA Astronaut Group 14 (\"The Hogs\") was a group of 24 astronauts announced by NASA on 5 December 1992. The group's name derived from The Muppet Show skit \"Pigs in Space\" and from the group's sponsorship of a pot-bellied pig at the Houston Zoo.", "Q193965": "Kamianets-Podilskyi (Ukrainian: \u041a\u0430\u0301\u043c'\u044f\u043d\u0435\u0301\u0446\u044c-\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439, Polish: Kamieniec Podolski, Romanian: Cameni\u021ba, Russian: \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446-\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, Yiddish: \u05e7\u05d0\u05de\u05e2\u05e0\u05e2\u05e5\u05be\u05e4\u05d0\u05d3\u05d0\u05dc\u05e1\u05e7\u200e) is a city on the Smotrych River in western Ukraine, to the north-east of Chernivtsi. Formerly the administrative center of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast, the city is now the administrative center of the Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion (district) within the Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province). The city itself is also designated as a separate district within the region.\nIn 1919\u20131920 during the ongoing Ukrainian\u2013Soviet War, the city had officially served as a temporary capital of Ukrainian People's Republic.", "Q358306": "Jaleel Ahmad White (born November 27, 1976) is an American actor, comedian, producer and writer. \nIn 1989, he was cast in the role of Steve Urkel on the sitcom Family Matters. The character, which was originally intended to be a one-time guest appearance, was an instant hit with audiences and White became a regular cast member. The series aired for a total of nine seasons, from 1989 to 1997 on ABC, and from 1997 to 1998 on CBS. White reprised his role as Urkel for the first time since 1998 in the 2019 series Scooby-Doo and Guess Who?.\nWhite is also the first actor to voice the character Sonic the Hedgehog, doing so in the animated shows: Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic SatAM and Sonic Underground, all of which were produced by the now-defunct DiC Entertainment. He reprised his role as Sonic in the 2013 Sonic fan film. \nAfter Family Matters ended, White starred in the UPN series Grown Ups from 1999 to 2000. He later attended UCLA where he graduated with a degree in film and television in 2001. He has continued his acting career with supporting roles in Dreamgirls (2006), and cameo appearances on Boston Legal, House, Castle, and Psych. In 2010 he portrayed Dr. McCormick in the cult classic Mega Shark vs Crocosaurus. In March 2012, White appeared as a contestant in season 14 of Dancing with the Stars and was voted off in May 2012, leaving him in 7th place overall. In April 2012, White hosted the game show Total Blackout, which aired on the Syfy channel. In January 2017 White appeared in Bones as Officer Adams. Acts in the 2020 Netflix series \"The Big Show show\".", "Q97253": "Ludwig Friedrich Barthel (12 June 1898, in Marktbreit \u2013 14 February 1962, in Munich) was a German writer.Barthel served in the First World War and was a student in Munich. He was later an archivist (German: Archivrat) there. His poems, for example \"Tannenburg: Ruf und Requiem\" (Tannenberg: A Call and a Requiem; 1934), and such stories as \"Das Leben ruft\" (Life Calls; 1935), are influenced by the experience of war, which he made into a cult. Because of such tendencies, he venerated Nazism, which he celebrated in such extravagant hymns as \"Dom aller Deutschen\" (The Cathedral of All Germans; 1938).\nBarthel also edited the letters of his friend Rudolf Binding (1957).", "Q43764": "Hans Krause, known by his stage name Hansi Kraus (born 26 June 1952 in Gliwice, Silesia, Poland), is a German actor.", "Q98160": "Heinz Buschkowsky (born 31 July 1948) is a German Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) politician and former Mayor of the Neuk\u00f6lln borough of Berlin.\nBorn in Berlin in the aftermath of the Second World War, Buschkowsky is the son of a locksmith and a secretary originally from Silesia. The family lived in a one-room basement apartment in Berlin-Rudow and later moved to Gropiusstadt.\nAfter graduating, the young Buschkowsky entered the civil service and from 1973 worked in several Senate bodies. Then, in 1979, representing the SPD, he was elected to the Neuk\u00f6lln borough council. In 1985 he became leader of the SPD political group of the council, in which he belonged to the \"Britzer circle\", an influential faction on the right of the Berlin SPD. In 1991 and 1992 he was district mayor, from 1992 to 1999 deputy mayor and district councillor responsible for Finance, Personnel, and Sports, later for Youth and Sports, and from 1999 to 2001 he was also responsible for Health and Environment. On 1 December 2001, he became District Mayor of Berlin-Neuk\u00f6lln and Head of Finance, Economics, and Sport.\nIn 2004, Buschkowsky became a national figure with his thesis \"Multiculturalism has Failed\", written as mayor of a Berlin district with a high immigrant population. He placed a strong emphasis on commitment to good education of the children and young people of non-German origins, supported by kindergartens and all-day schools, an approach which he proposed should be adopted nationally. \nIn 2008, Buschkowsky defined himself as a follower of Helmut Schmidt, who had brought him into the SPD. He went on to become a member of the Federal Council of the SPD. On 30 September 2010, the Neuk\u00f6lln SPD unanimously chose Buschkowsky as its lead candidate for the 2011 city election, in which he was confirmed as district mayor.\nHe is an outspoken proponent of government support for integration of the immigrant population. His 2012 book Neuk\u00f6lln ist \u00fcberall, describing the integration problems in Neuk\u00f6lln became a bestseller in Germany.", "Q8440": "Hugo Rafael Ch\u00e1vez Fr\u00edas (, Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8u\u0263o rafa\u02c8el \u02c8t\u0283a\u03b2es \u02c8f\u027ei.as] (listen); 28 July 1954 \u2013 5 March 2013) was a Venezuelan politician who was president of Venezuela from 1999 until his death in 2013. Ch\u00e1vez was also leader of the Fifth Republic Movement political party from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when it merged with several other parties to form the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), which he led until 2012.\nBorn into a middle-class family in Sabaneta, Barinas, Ch\u00e1vez became a career military officer and, after becoming dissatisfied with the Venezuelan political system based on the Puntofijo Pact, founded the clandestine Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200) in the early 1980s. Ch\u00e1vez led the MBR-200 in an unsuccessful coup d'\u00e9tat against the Democratic Action government of President Carlos Andr\u00e9s P\u00e9rez in 1992, for which he was imprisoned. Pardoned from prison after two years, he founded a political party known as the Fifth Republic Movement and was elected president of Venezuela in 1998 with 56.2% of the vote. He was re-elected in 2000 with 59.8% of the vote and again in 2006 with 62.8% of the vote. After winning his fourth term as president in the October 2012 presidential election with a decrease to 55.1% of the vote, he was to be sworn in on 10 January 2013. However, the inauguration was postponed due to his cancer treatment, and he died in Caracas on 5 March 2013 at the age of 58.Following the adoption of a new constitution in 1999, Ch\u00e1vez focused on enacting social reforms as part of the Bolivarian Revolution. Using record-high oil revenues of the 2000s, his government nationalized key industries, created participatory democratic Communal Councils and implemented social programs known as the Bolivarian missions to expand access to food, housing, healthcare and education. The high oil profits coinciding with the start of Chavez' presidency resulted in temporary improvements in areas such as poverty, literacy, income equality and quality of life between primarily 2003 and 2007, with a reversal beginning after around 2012; beyond falling oil prices, there are arguments that government policies did not address structural inequalities. On 2 June 2010, Ch\u00e1vez declared an \"economic war\" on Venezuela's upper classes due to shortages, arguably beginning the crisis in Venezuela. By the end of Ch\u00e1vez's presidency in the early 2010s, economic actions performed by his government during the preceding decade, such as deficit spending and price controls, proved to be unsustainable, with Venezuela's economy faltering. At the same time, poverty, inflation and shortages increased. \nUnder Ch\u00e1vez, Venezuela experienced democratic backsliding, as he suppressed the press, manipulated electoral laws, and arrested and exiled government critics. His use of enabling acts and his government's use of propaganda were controversial. Ch\u00e1vez's presidency saw significant increases in the country's murder rate and continued corruption within the police force and government.Internationally, Ch\u00e1vez aligned himself with the Marxist\u2013Leninist governments of Fidel and then Ra\u00fal Castro in Cuba, as well as the socialist governments of Evo Morales (Bolivia), Rafael Correa (Ecuador) and Daniel Ortega (Nicaragua). His presidency was seen as a part of the socialist \"pink tide\" sweeping Latin America. Ch\u00e1vez described his policies as anti-imperialist, being a prominent adversary of the United States's foreign policy as well as a vocal critic of U.S.-supported neoliberalism and laissez-faire capitalism. He described himself as a Marxist. He supported Latin American and Caribbean cooperation and was instrumental in setting up the pan-regional Union of South American Nations, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas, the Bank of the South and the regional television network TeleSUR. Chavez's ideas, programs, and style form the basis of \"Chavismo\", a political ideology closely associated with Bolivarianism and socialism of the 21st century.", "Q1200368": "Astralwerks is an American record label primarily focused on electronic and dance music that is owned by Universal Music Group. Its material is distributed via Capitol Music Group in the United States. The label was founded in 1993 and, in its early years, featured prominent acts like The Chemical Brothers and Fatboy Slim. In recent years, its roster has expanded to include acts like Halsey, Marshmello, Porter Robinson, and numerous others. In 2018, Astralwerks' headquarters were moved from its original home of New York City to Los Angeles.", "Q436848": "Nata\u0161a Gollov\u00e1 (27 February 1912 \u2013 29 October 1988) was a Czechoslovak film and stage actress.", "Q552470": "Donovan Jerome Leitch (born August 16, 1967) is an English-born American actor, singer and former model. He is the son of the singer-songwriter Donovan and the brother of actress Ione Skye. He was a member of the hard rock band Camp Freddy, and was a founding member of neo-glam group Nancy Boy along with Jason Nesmith, the son of Michael Nesmith of The Monkees.", "Q176731": "Boris Mikhailovich Skossyreff (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0441 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0441\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0432, romanized: Boris Mikhailovich Skosyrev; Catalan: Bor\u00eds Mikh\u00e0ilovitx Sk\u00f3ssirev pronounced [bo\u02cc\u027eis .mik\u02ccaj.lo.vit\u0361\u0283 s\u02c8ko.si.\u027eef]; 12 January 1896 - 27 February 1989) was a White Russian adventurer who attempted to seize the monarchy of the Principality of Andorra during the early 1930s, styling himself Boris I of Andorra. He assumed the throne with support from the local citizens and government, before being deposed by neighboring Spanish authorities and eventually fading into obscurity.", "Q87726": "Adolf Kober (3 September 1879 in Beuthen, Oberschlesien; - 30 December 1958 in New York City) was a rabbi and a historian.", "Q3541702": "Nello Cristianini (born 1968) is a Professor of Artificial Intelligence in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Bristol.", "Q138338": "New Brunswick is a city in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States, in the New York City metropolitan area. The city is the county seat of Middlesex County, and the home of Rutgers University. New Brunswick is on the Northeast Corridor rail line, 27 miles (43 km) southwest of Manhattan, on the southern bank of the Raritan River. As of 2018, New Brunswick had a Census-estimated population of 56,100, representing a 3.1% increase from the 55,181 people enumerated at the 2010 United States Census, which in turn had reflected an increase of 6,608 (+13.6%) from the 48,573 counted in the 2000 Census. Due to the concentration of medical facilities in the area, including Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital and Saint Peter's University Hospital, as well as Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey's Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick is known as both the Hub City and the Healthcare City. The corporate headquarters and production facilities of several global pharmaceutical companies are situated in the city, including Johnson & Johnson and Bristol-Myers Squibb.\nNew Brunswick is noted for its ethnic diversity. At one time, one quarter of the Hungarian population of New Jersey resided in the city and in the 1930s one out of three city residents was Hungarian. The Hungarian community continues as a cohesive community, with the 3,200 Hungarian residents accounting for 8% of the population of New Brunswick in 1992. Growing Asian and Hispanic communities have developed around French Street near Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital.\n\n", "Q1122171": "Brno University of Technology (abbreviated: BUT; in Czech: Vysok\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed technick\u00e9 v Brn\u011b \u2013 Czech abbreviation: VUT) is a university located in Brno, Czech Republic. Being founded in 1899 and initially offering a single course in civil engineering, it grew to become a major technical Czech university with over 24,000 students enrolled at 8 faculties and 2 university institutes.\n\n", "Q281301": "That Uncertain Feeling is a 1941 American comedy film directed by Ernst Lubitsch and starring Merle Oberon, Melvyn Douglas and Burgess Meredith. The film is about the bored wife of an insurance salesman who meets an eccentric pianist and seeks a divorce. The screenplay by Walter Reisch and Donald Ogden Stewart was based on the 1880 French play Divor\u00e7ons by Victorien Sardou and \u00c9mile de Najac.", "Q170340": "Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst (12 November 1755 \u2013 28 June 1813) was a Hanoverian-born general in Prussian service from 1801. As the first Chief of the Prussian General Staff, he was noted for his military theories, his reforms of the Prussian army, and his leadership during the Napoleonic Wars. Scharnhorst limited the use of corporal punishments, established promotion for merit, abolished the enrollment of foreigners, began the organization of a reserve army, and organized and simplified the military administration.\n\n", "Q1464": "Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III (born February 8, 1960) is a Filipino politician who served as the 15th President of the Philippines from 2010 until 2016. Aquino is a fourth-generation politician and was the chairman of the Liberal Party from 2010 to 2016.\nOn September 9, 2009, shortly after the death of his mother, Aquino officially announced that he would be a candidate in the 2010 presidential election. He was elected and on June 30, 2010 was sworn into office as the fifteenth President of the Philippines at the Quirino Grandstand in Rizal Park, Manila, succeeding Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. He ended his term on June 30, 2016, succeeded by Rodrigo Duterte.\nIn 2013, Time named him one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World.", "Q318044": "Walter Percy Chrysler (April 2, 1875 \u2013 August 18, 1940) was an American automotive industry executive and founder of Chrysler Corporation, now a part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles.\n\n", "Q447069": "Inna Mikhailovna Churikova (Russian: \u0418\u0301\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0301\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0427\u0443\u0301\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, born 5 October 1943) is a Soviet and Russian film and theatre actress.", "Q438865": "Dolores Agnes Fuller (n\u00e9e Eble; March 10, 1923 \u2013 May 9, 2011) was an American actress and songwriter best known as the one-time girlfriend of the low-budget film director Ed Wood. She played the protagonist's girlfriend in Glen or Glenda, co-starred in Wood's Jail Bait, and had a minor role in his Bride of the Monster. Later, Elvis Presley recorded a number of her songs written for his films.", "Q367848": "Tibor Fischer (born 15 November 1959) is a British novelist and short story writer. In 1993, he was selected by the literary magazine Granta as one of the 20 best young British writers while his novel Under the Frog was featured on the Booker Prize shortlist.\n\n", "Q274820": "Elizabeth Brenda \"Liddy\" Holloway (27 March 1947 \u2013 29 December 2004) was a New Zealand actress and television scriptwriter.", "Q2494570": "Cherry Red Records is a British independent record label founded by Iain McNay in 1978. The label has released recordings by Dead Kennedys, Everything But the Girl, The Monochrome Set, and Felt, among others, as well as the compilation album Pillows & Prayers. In addition to releasing new music, Cherry Red also acts as an umbrella for individual imprints and catalogue specialists. \nCherry Red was listed by Music Week as one of the UK\u2019s top ten record companies in Q1 2015 for sales of artist albums.", "Q1320912": "Jake Bugg (born Jake Edwin Charles Kennedy; 28 February 1994) is an English musician, singer, and songwriter. His self-titled debut album, Jake Bugg, some of which was co-written with songwriter Iain Archer, was released in October 2012 and reached number one on the UK Albums Chart. His second album, Shangri La, was released in November 2013 and his third, largely self-produced album On My One, in June 2016. His fourth album Hearts That Strain, a largely acoustic effort, produced by Dan Auerbach, was released in September 2017.", "Q727043": "Cirilo Villaverde de la Paz (1812 - 1894) was a Cuban poet, novelist, journalist and freedom fighter. He is best known for Cecilia Vald\u00e9s, a novel about classes and races in colonial Cuba.", "Q153599": "Aya Kamikawa (\u4e0a\u5ddd \u3042\u3084, Kamikawa Aya, born January 25, 1968) is a Tokyo municipal official. With her election in April 2003 she became the first openly transgender person to seek or win elected office in Japan.\n\n", "Q173649": "Jim McWithey (July 4, 1927 \u2013 February 1, 2009) was an American racecar driver. He was born in Grammer, Indiana.\nMcWithey raced in the USAC Championship Car series in the 1956, 1957, 1959 and 1960 seasons, with 20 career starts, including the 1959 and 1960 Indianapolis 500 races. He finished in the top ten 9 times, with his best finish in 3rd position in 1960 at Trenton. His best season was 1959, when he placed fourth three times and also won dirt track sprint car features at Terre Haute, and Williams Grove. He died in February 2009 in Gainesville, Georgia, aged 81.", "Q85131": "Hugo Jury (13 July 1887, M\u00e4hrisch Rothm\u00fchl (now Moravsk\u00e1 Radim\u011b\u0159, Radim\u011b\u0159, Czech Republic) \u2013 8 May 1945, Zwettl, Lower Austria) was an Austrian Nazi.\nHugo Jury was a physician and a Nazi Party politician. From 11 March to 13 March 1938, he was Minister for Social Administration in the Sey\u00df-Inquart government. In May 1938, he became Gauleiter of the Gau of \"Reichsgau Niederdonau\" (Lower Austria). As of 1940 he was also Reich Governor, and as of 1942 also Reich Defence Commissar, for this region.\nJury committed suicide on the night of 8/9 May 1945 by pistol. He was reputed to have been one of the lovers of Elisabeth Schwarzkopf.", "Q4716651": "Alex Michael Azar II (; born June 17, 1967) is an American attorney, former pharmaceutical lobbyist and executive, and current member of Donald Trump's cabinet who serves as the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services. Azar was nominated to his post by President Donald Trump on November 13, 2017, and confirmed by the United States Senate on January 24, 2018.\nAzar served as General Counsel of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) from 2001 to 2005. On July 22, 2005, he was confirmed as the Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services; he served in that capacity until his January 2007 resignation.\nFrom 2012 to 2017, Azar was President of the U.S. division of Eli Lilly and Company, a major drug company, and a member of the board of directors of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization, a large pharmaceutical lobby.", "Q174": "S\u00e3o Paulo (; Portuguese pronunciation: [s\u0250\u0303w\u0303 \u02c8pawlu] (listen)) is a municipality in the Southeast Region of Brazil. The metropolis is an alpha global city (as listed by the GaWC) and the most populous city in Brazil, the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere, besides being the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world. The municipality is also the world's 12th largest city proper by population. The city is the capital of the surrounding state of S\u00e3o Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest state in Brazil. It exerts strong international influences in commerce, finance, arts and entertainment. The name of the city honors the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus. The city's metropolitan area, the Greater S\u00e3o Paulo, ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth. The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas located around the Greater S\u00e3o Paulo (Campinas, Santos, Sorocaba and the Para\u00edba Valley) created the S\u00e3o Paulo Macrometropolis, a megalopolis with more than 30 million inhabitants, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world.Having the largest economy by GDP in Latin America and the Southern Hemisphere, the city is home to the S\u00e3o Paulo Stock Exchange. Paulista Avenue is the economic core of S\u00e3o Paulo. The city has the 11th largest GDP in the world, representing alone 10.7% of all Brazilian GDP and 36% of the production of goods and services in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, being home to 63% of established multinationals in Brazil, and has been responsible for 28% of the national scientific production in 2005.The metropolis is also home to several of the tallest skyscrapers in Brazil, including the Mirante do Vale, Edif\u00edcio It\u00e1lia, Banespa, North Tower and many others. The city has cultural, economic and political influence both nationally and internationally. It is home to monuments, parks and museums such as the Latin American Memorial, the Ibirapuera Park, Museum of Ipiranga, S\u00e3o Paulo Museum of Art, and the Museum of the Portuguese Language. The city holds events like the S\u00e3o Paulo Jazz Festival, S\u00e3o Paulo Art Biennial, the Brazilian Grand Prix, S\u00e3o Paulo Fashion Week, the ATP Brasil Open, the Brasil Game Show and the Comic Con Experience. The S\u00e3o Paulo Gay Pride Parade rivals the New York City Pride March as the largest gay pride parade in the world.S\u00e3o Paulo is a cosmopolitan, melting pot city, home to the largest Arab, Italian, Japanese, and Portuguese diasporas, with examples including ethnic neighborhoods of Mercado, Bixiga, and Liberdade respectively. S\u00e3o Paulo is also home to the largest Jewish population in Brazil, with about 75,000 Jews. In 2016, inhabitants of the city were native to over 200 different countries. People from the city are known as paulistanos, while paulistas designates anyone from the state, including the paulistanos. The city's Latin motto, which it has shared with the battleship and the aircraft carrier named after it, is Non ducor, duco, which translates as \"I am not led, I lead.\" The city, which is also colloquially known as Sampa or Terra da Garoa (Land of Drizzle), is known for its unreliable weather, the size of its helicopter fleet, its architecture, gastronomy, severe traffic congestion and skyscrapers. S\u00e3o Paulo was one of the host cities of the 1950 and the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Additionally, the city hosted the IV Pan American Games and the S\u00e3o Paulo Indy 300.", "Q82886": "Schramberg is a town in the district of Rottweil, in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is situated in the eastern Black Forest, 25 km northwest of Rottweil. With all of its districts (Talstadt, Sulgen, Waldm\u00f6ssingen, Heiligenbronn, Sch\u00f6nbronn and Tennenbronn (since 2006)), it has about 22,000 inhabitants.\nOne of the streams flowing through the Schramberg valley is the Schiltach. The \"Bach na Fahrt\", a traditional raft race held on Carnival Monday, is known far and wide and attracts up to 30,000 spectators each year.", "Q501996": "Benjamin Sherman Crothers (May 23, 1910 \u2013 November 22, 1986), known professionally as Scatman Crothers, was an American actor and musician. He played Louie the Garbage Man on the TV show Chico and the Man and Dick Hallorann in Stanley Kubrick's The Shining (1980). He was also a prolific voiceover actor who provided the voices of Meadowlark Lemon in the Harlem Globetrotters animated TV series, Jazz the Autobot in The Transformers and The Transformers: The Movie (1986), the title character in Hong Kong Phooey, and Scat Cat in the animated Disney film The Aristocats (1970).", "Q180919": "Natalie Wood (born Natalia Nikolaevna Zakharenko; July 20, 1938 \u2013 November 29, 1981) was a Russian-American actress who began her career in film as a child and became a Hollywood star as a young adult, receiving three Oscar nominations before she was 25. \nWood began acting in films at age 4 and was given a co-starring role at age 8 in Miracle on 34th Street (1947). As a teenager, she earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Rebel Without a Cause (1955), followed by a role in John Ford's The Searchers (1956). Wood starred in the musical films West Side Story (1961) and Gypsy (1962), and she received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performances in Splendor in the Grass (1961) and Love with the Proper Stranger (1963). Her career continued with films such as Sex and the Single Girl (1964), Inside Daisy Clover (1964), and Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (1969).\nDuring the 1970s, Wood began a hiatus from film and had two children with husband Robert Wagner, whom she married, divorced, and remarried after divorcing her second husband. She appeared in only three films throughout the decade, but did act in several television productions, including a remake of the film From Here to Eternity (1979) for which she received a Golden Globe Award. Wood's films represented a \"coming of age\" for her and for Hollywood films in general. Critics have suggested that her cinematic career represents a portrait of modern American womanhood in transition, as she was one of the few to take both child roles and those of middle-aged characters.Wood drowned off Catalina Island on November 29, 1981, at age 43. The events surrounding her death have been explained by conflicting witness statements, prompting the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, under the instruction of the coroner's office, to list her cause of death as \"drowning and other undetermined factors\" in 2012. In 2018, Wagner was named as a person of interest in the ongoing investigation into her death.", "Q257021": "Alexandria Danielle DeBerry (born October 26, 1994) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her roles in A.N.T. Farm as Paisley Houndstooth, Shake It Up as Destiny, Lazer Team as Mindy and True Jackson, VP as Cammy.", "Q710837": "Chen Xiaoxu (simplified Chinese: \u9648\u6653\u65ed; traditional Chinese: \u9673\u66c9\u65ed; pinyin: Ch\u00e9n Xi\u01ceox\u00f9; October 29, 1965 \u2013 May 13, 2007), Buddhism Dharma name Miao Zhen (\u5999\u771f) in the period of been a bhikkhuni, was a Chinese actress, famous for her role as Lin Daiyu in 1987 TV series Dream of the Red Chamber. And since February 23, 2007, she became a bhikkhuni (Buddhist nun) in Baiguoxinglong Temple, Changchun (\u957f\u6625\u767e\u56fd\u5174\u9686\u5bfa). She died of breast cancer on May 13, 2007.", "Q70147": "Felix Fabri (also spelt Faber; 1441 \u2013 1502) was a Swiss Dominican theologian. He left vivid and detailed descriptions of his pilgrimages to Palestine and also in 1489 authored a book on the history of Swabia, entitled Historia Suevorum.\nHe made his early studies under the Dominicans at Basle and Ulm, where he spent most of his life.\n\"Faber\" is the Latin nominative singular form of his surname. He is often referred to as \"Fabri,\" the Latin genitive singular, i.e. the possessive form, because his name appears this way in the title of his book, \"Fratris Felicis Fabri Evagatorium in Terr\u00e6 Sanct\u00e6, Arabi\u00e6 et Egypti peregrinationem.\"\nIn Jerusalem he met Bernhard von Breidenbach.", "Q103621": "Hildegard Hammerschmidt-Hummel (born January 21, 1944) is a German professor of English, literary critic, Shakespeare scholar and writer who claims to have found conclusive answers to many of the unresolved problems of Shakespeare's life and literary career using trans-disciplinary research methods. Among the answers she claims to have found are Shakespeare's religion, the identity of the 'Dark Lady' of his sonnets, and the authentic portraits.", "Q283099": "Bundeswehr University Munich (German: Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen, UniBw M\u00fcnchen) is one of only two federal research universities in Germany that both were founded in 1973 as part of the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr). Originally called Hochschule der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen the institution was supposed to offer civilian academic education for military officers. Today, the university has an increasing number of civilian and international students. The academic year at the university is structured in trimesters and not the usual semesters, to offer intensive studies with more credit points per year. Very capable students can therefore achieve a bachelor's and a master's degree within less than four years, while this would usually require five years. Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen has well-established scientific research and forms part of two excellence clusters of the German government's university excellence initiative. Bundeswehr University is one of only very few campus universities in Germany.", "Q191343": "Zephania Kameeta (born 7 August 1945 in Otjimbingwe, Erongo Region) is a Namibian religious and political leader. Since March 2015, he has been the Namibian Minister of Poverty Eradication and Social Welfare.", "Q3572647": "Yoshiaki Hatta (\u516b\u7530 \u5609\u660e, Hatta Yoshiaki, September 14, 1879 \u2013 April 26, 1964), was an engineer, entrepreneur, politician and cabinet minister in the Empire of Japan, serving as a member of the Upper House of the Diet of Japan, and five times as a cabinet minister.", "Q29032": "Milo\u0161 Zeman (Czech pronunciation: [\u02c8m\u026alo\u0283 \u02c8z\u025bman] (listen); born 28 September 1944) is a Czech politician serving as the third and current President of the Czech Republic since 8 March 2013. He previously served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2002. As Leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party during the 1990s, he transformed his party into one of the country's major political forces. Zeman was Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Czech parliament, from 1996 until he became Prime Minister two years later in 1998.\nIn January 2013, Zeman was elected President of the Czech Republic. He is the first directly elected President in Czech history; both of his predecessors, V\u00e1clav Havel and V\u00e1clav Klaus, were elected by the Czech Parliament. In 2018, he was re-elected for a second term.\n\n", "Q155467": "T\u014dru Takemitsu (\u6b66\u6e80 \u5fb9, Takemitsu T\u014dru, October 8, 1930 \u2013 February 20, 1996) (pronounced [take\ua71cmits\u026f\u0325 to\u02d0\u027e\u026f]) was a Japanese composer and writer on aesthetics and music theory. Largely self-taught, Takemitsu possessed consummate skill in the subtle manipulation of instrumental and orchestral timbre. He is famed for combining elements of oriental and occidental philosophy to create a sound uniquely his own, and for fusing opposites together such as sound with silence and tradition with innovation.He composed several hundred independent works of music, scored more than ninety films and published twenty books. He was also a founding member of the Jikken Kobo (experimental workshop) in Japan, a group of avant-garde artists who distanced themselves from academia and whose collaborative work is often regarded among the most influential of the 20th century.His 1957 Requiem for string orchestra attracted international attention, led to several commissions from across the world and established his reputation as one of the leading 20th-century Japanese composers. He was the recipient of numerous awards and honours and the Toru Takemitsu Composition Award is named after him.", "Q19983454": "Live in London: Babymetal World Tour 2014 (stylized as LIVE IN LONDON -BABYMETAL WORLD TOUR 2014-, titled Live in London internationally) is the fourth live video album by Japanese band Babymetal, released in Japan on May 20, 2015 through BMD Fox Records and Toy's Factory, and in Europe on October 30, 2015 through earMusic. It contains two concerts that the band gave in London as part of its first world tour, Babymetal World Tour 2014, taking place on July 7, 2014 at The Forum, and on November 8, 2014 at the O2 Academy Brixton.", "Q4093": "Glasgow (, also UK: , US: ; Scots: Glesga [\u02c8\u0261lez\u0261\u0259]; Scottish Gaelic: Glaschu [\u02c8kl\u032a\u02e0as\u032a\u0259xu]) is the most populous city in Scotland, and the third most populous city in the United Kingdom, as of the 2017 estimated city population of 621,020. Historically part of Lanarkshire, the city now forms the Glasgow City council area, one of the 32 council areas of Scotland; the local authority is Glasgow City Council. Glasgow is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands. It is the fifth most visited city in the UK.Inhabitants of the city are referred to as \"Glaswegians\" or, informally, as \"Weegies\". Glasgow is also known for the Glasgow patter, a distinct dialect of the Scots language that is noted for being difficult to understand by those from outside the city.\nGlasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become the largest seaport in Scotland, and tenth largest by tonnage in Britain. Expanding from the medieval bishopric and royal burgh, and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the fifteenth century, it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. From the eighteenth century onwards, the city also grew as one of Great Britain's main hubs of transatlantic trade with North America and the West Indies.\nWith the onset of the Industrial Revolution, the population and economy of Glasgow and the surrounding region expanded rapidly to become one of the world's pre-eminent centres of chemicals, textiles and engineering; most notably in the shipbuilding and marine engineering industry, which produced many innovative and famous vessels. Glasgow was the \"Second City of the British Empire\" for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period, although many cities argue the title was theirs.In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Glasgow's population grew rapidly, reaching a peak of 1,127,825 people in 1938. Comprehensive urban renewal projects in the 1960s resulted in large-scale relocation of people to designated new towns, such as Cumbernauld, Livingston, East Kilbride and peripheral suburbs, followed by successive boundary changes. This process reduced the population of the City of Glasgow council area to an estimated 615,070, with 1,209,143 people living in the Greater Glasgow urban area. The wider metropolitan area is home to over 1,800,000 people, equating to around 33% of Scotland's population. The city has one of the highest densities of any locality in Scotland at 4,023/km2.\nGlasgow hosted the 2014 Commonwealth Games and the first European Championships in 2018; and is also well known in the sporting world for football (particularly the Old Firm rivalry between Celtic and Rangers), rugby, athletics, tennis, golf and swimming.\nToday, Glasgow has a diverse architectural scene, one of the key factors leading visitors to the city. From the city centre sprawling with grand Victorian buildings, to the many glass and metal edifices in the International Financial Services District to the serpentine terraces of blonde and red sandstone in the fashionable west end and the imposing mansions which make up Pollokshields, on the south side. The banks of the River Clyde are also dotted with a plethora of futuristic-looking buildings which include Riverside Museum, Glasgow Science Centre, the SSE Hydro and the SEC Armadillo.", "Q3924": "Kevin Winston Rudolf (born February 17, 1983) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, rapper, multi-instrumentalist, actor, and director from New York City, New York. He is best known for his 2008 single \"Let It Rock\".", "Q432179": "Paula Mitrache (born June 14, 1977), known by the stage name Haiducii (Romanian pronunciation: [haj\u02c8dut\u0283ij]), is a Romanian-Italian singer, model and actress. She released her debut single \"Dragostea din tei\" in 2004, acting as a cover of O-Zone's homonymous 2003 single. A copyright infringement lawsuit followed on the matter and resulted in Haiducii paying fees for copyright infringement. Commercially, \"Dragostea din tei\" reached widespread commercial success, reaching number one in Austria, Italy, Portugal and Sweden, as well as the top ten in eight other countries. It was also certified Gold and Platinum in several territories. In late 2004 and 2005, Haiducii released \"Mne s Toboy Horosho\" and \"More 'N' More (I Love You)\", her last singles that managed to chart on a record chart, reaching numbers five and eight in Italy, respectively. Paula Mitrache in Haiducii, the singer's debut studio album, followed in 2008.", "Q69416": "Christian Friedrich Freiherr von Stockmar (22 August 1787 \u2013 9 July 1863) was a German physician and statesman, who was a leading player in the affairs of the United Kingdom under Queen Victoria.", "Q66725": "Brislach is a municipality in the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q201930": "(Richard) Hugh Cavendish, Baron Cavendish of Furness (born 2 November 1941), otherwise known as Hugh Cavendish, is a British Conservative politician and landowner. \nLord Cavendish owns Holker Hall and its 17,000 acre estate overlooking Morecambe Bay in Cumbria. The property became part of this branch of the Cavendish family's inheritance via his grandfather, Lord Richard Cavendish CB.", "Q58813": "Doku Khamatovich Umarov (Chechen: \u04c0\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0440 \u041a\u04c0\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0414\u043e\u043a\u043aa, 'Umar K'ant Dokka; Russian: \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0425\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432, Doku Khamatovich Umarov); also known as Dokka Umarov as well as by his Arabized name of Dokka Abu Umar; (13 April 1964 \u2013 7 September 2013) was a Chechen Islamic extremist militant in Russia. Umarov was a major military figure in both wars in Chechnya during the 1990s and 2000s, before becoming the leader of the greater insurgency in the North Caucasus. He was active mostly in south-western Chechnya, near and across the borders with Ingushetia and Georgia.\nDuring the late 1990s, after Chechnya's first war against Russia, Movladi Udugov's status as war hero enabled him to take the post of the breakaway Republic's Security Minister. Between 2006 and 2007, following the death of his predecessor Sheikh Abdul Halim, Umarov became the underground President of Ichkeria of the unrecognized government of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, the post that Umarov eventually abolished himself when he renounced and abandoned Chechen nationalism in favour of regional pan-Islamism and jihadist ideology. The political mantle of Chechen nationalist separatism was formally taken over by the self-exiled Akhmed Zakayev, Umarov's former wartime comrade and friend turned political rival. Having quit the position of Chechen separatist leader, Umarov subsequently became the self-proclaimed Emir of the entire North Caucasus region of Russia, declaring it a putative Islamic state of the Caucasus Emirate. In 2010, Umarov abortively resigned from the position and appointed Aslambek Vadalov as the new Emir of the Caucasus Emirate, but soon afterwards issued a statement annulling the previous declaration and stating he would remain in his position and rebel Sharia court ruled in favour of Umarov over the rift, following which most other Russian rebel leaders re-swore allegiance to him.\nFor years, Umarov had been the top terrorist leader in Russia. He had taken responsibility for several attacks on civilian targets since 2009, including the 2010 Moscow Metro bombings and the 2011 Domodedovo International Airport bombing. In 2012, Umarov ordered his followers to halt attacks on the civilian population of Russia, while leaving military and security personnel as legitimate targets. In July 2013, however, he announced the end of this moratorium and calling on Islamic insurgents in the Caucasus and beyond to forcibly prevent the holding of the Sochi 2014 Olympics. Umarov was internationally wanted by the government of Russia and United States. In 2011, the United Nations Security Council's Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee added Umarov to the list of individuals allegedly associated with al-Qaeda and Taliban.On 18 March 2014, Umarov's death was reported by the Caucasus Emirate-associated Islamist website Kavkaz Center, which offered no details but did say his death was confirmed by the Command of the Caucasus Emirate. He was announced to be replaced by the Caucasus Emirate's senior Sharia judge Ali Abu Mukhammad, who then officially confirmed the death of Umarov in a video posted on YouTube. Previously, Umarov had been reported killed or captured by Russian forces on numerous occasions, but all these reports later turned out to be incorrect. According to a report posted on Kavkaz Center, Umarov was poisoned on 6 August 2013 and died at dawn on 7 September 2013. On 25 September 2017, Russian media reported that the body of Umarov had possibly been found in a remote mountainous area in Ingushetia.", "Q1758109": "Saddle Creek Records is an American record label based in Omaha, Nebraska. Started as a college class project on entrepreneurship, the label was founded by Mike Mogis and Justin Oberst in 1993 (as Lumberjack Records). Mogis soon turned over his role in the company to Robb Nansel. The label is named after Saddle Creek Road, a street that cuts through the east side of midtown Omaha, and the beginnings of a scene whose members included Justin's brother Conor Oberst (then a solo artist, currently of Bright Eyes, Conor Oberst and the Mystic Valley Band, Desaparecidos and Monsters of Folk), Tim Kasher (then of Slowdown Virginia, currently of Cursive and The Good Life), and others. Collectively, they were known unofficially as the \"Creekers\". Saddle Creek first appeared in print on a show flyer, offering to \"Spend an evening with Saddle Creek\" (later to be the title of the label's DVD.) Saddle Creek became an incorporated entity as a result of a class project on entrepreneurship. Distribution is handled by Redeye Distribution.Saddle Creek Records continues to be the flagship label of a style of music called \"The Omaha Sound\", characterized by a slight country twang. This is increasingly inaccurate, though, with the rise of more electronic sounds such as those favored by The Faint and Broken Spindles. The eclectic sounds of Saddle Creek's disparate member bands is somewhat explained by their history; a number of the original members of the label attended grade school together. A \"sister label\", of sorts, to Saddle Creek is Team Love, started by Conor Oberst in 2004.", "Q224540": "Duke R. Lee (May 13, 1881 \u2013 April 1, 1959) was an American actor. He appeared in 99 films between 1913 and 1946. He was born in Virginia and died in Los Angeles, California.", "Q215945": "Jens Immanuel Baggesen (15 February 1764 \u2013 3 October 1826) was a major Danish poet, librettist, critic, and comic writer.", "Q2652160": "Clifford Michael Sobel (born 1949, Brooklyn, New York) is an American business executive, financier, Republican fundraiser, U.S. diplomat and former ambassador. He served as United States Ambassador to the Netherlands from 2001 to 2005 and United States Ambassador to Brazil from 2006 to 2009.\nSince 1994, Sobel has been chairman and chief executive officer of SJJ Investment Corp. He is managing partner and founder of the investment firm Valor Capital Group in New York and Brazil. Sobel is the independent director of Diamond Offshore Drilling, Inc.", "Q89284": "Waldemar Kobus (born 1966) is a German actor.", "Q714106": "Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 \u2013 September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War.\nA millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, and his oratorical skills were noted by the Democratic Party. However, his abolitionist views fitted him better for the nascent Republican Party, through which he became Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and Governor of Massachusetts in the 1850s. Always a political chameleon (for which he was criticized by contemporaries), Banks was the first professional politician (with no outside business or other interests) to serve as Massachusetts Governor.At the outbreak of the Civil War, President Lincoln appointed Banks as one of the first 'political' major generals, over the heads of West Point regulars, who initially resented him, but came to acknowledge his influence on the administration of the war. After suffering a series of inglorious setbacks in the Shenandoah River Valley at the hands of Stonewall Jackson, Banks replaced Benjamin Butler at New Orleans as commander of the Department of the Gulf, charged with administration of Louisiana and gaining control of the Mississippi River. But he failed to reinforce Grant at Vicksburg, and badly handled the Siege of Port Hudson, taking its surrender only after Vicksburg had fallen. He then launched the Red River Campaign, a failed attempt to occupy northern Louisiana and eastern Texas that prompted his recall. Banks was regularly criticized for the failures of his campaigns, notably in tactically important tasks including reconnaissance. Banks was also instrumental in early reconstruction efforts in Louisiana, intended by Lincoln as a model for later such activities.\nAfter the war, Banks returned to the Massachusetts political scene, serving in Congress, where he supported Manifest Destiny, influenced the Alaska Purchase legislation, and supported women's suffrage. In his later years he adopted more liberal progressive causes, and served as a United States marshal for Massachusetts before suffering a decline in his mental faculties.\n\n", "Q330247": "Abraham Lincoln vs. Zombies is a 2012 American action comedy horror B movie directed by Richard Schenkman, with a screenplay by Schenkman based upon the story concept of Karl Hirsch and Lauren Proctor. Produced by The Asylum, and starring Bill Oberst Jr., the film was released direct-to-video on May 29, 2012, following its May 28 theatrical premiere screening at the Telfair Museum of Art Jepson Center in Savannah, Georgia.In the tradition of The Asylum's catalog, the film is a mockbuster of the 20th Century Fox film Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter.", "Q329716": "Michael Jeter (August 26, 1952 \u2013 March 30, 2003) was an American actor of film, stage, and television. His television roles included Herman Stiles on the sitcom Evening Shade from 1990 until 1994 and Mr. Noodle's brother, Mister Noodle on the Elmo's World segments of Sesame Street from 2000 until 2003. Jeter's film roles include Zelig, Tango & Cash, The Fisher King, Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit, \nWaterworld, Air Bud, Patch Adams, The Green Mile, Jurassic Park III, Welcome to Collinwood, Open Range, and The Polar Express.", "Q3605311": "Alexander Balankin (born March 3, 1958) is a Mexican scientist of Russian origin (\u0411\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447) whose work in the field of fractal mechanics and its engineering applications won him the UNESCO Science Prize in 2005.Currently he is a professor of physics at the National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico, Head of the Fractal Mechanics Group, and since 2003, a member of the Science Consulting Council of the Presidency of the Republic, Mexico.", "Q98389": "Georg Brunnhuber (born 18 February 1948 in Oberkochen) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as a member of the German parliament, the Bundestag, from 1990 until 2009, having been elected in the 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2005 federal elections.He represented the constituency of Ostw\u00fcrttemberg (eastern W\u00fcrttemberg), that consists of the districts of Heidenheim and Ostalbkreis in eastern Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, and was the leader of the parliamentary group of the CDU representatives from Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. As a member of parliament, he served on the committee for transport and the committee for construction and housing, and was deputy spokesman for transport of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group. From 2005, he was spokesman of the leaders of the CDU state groups of representatives, and a member of the executive committee of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group. In 2008, he made public that he would not stand for reelection in 2009. He was succeeded in 2009 by Roderich Kiesewetter.\nBrunnhuber serves on the supervisory board of Deutsche Bahn.\nGeorg Brunnhuber is an engineer by profession. He is catholic, married and has two daughters.", "Q137584": "Pitch Perfect is a 2012 American musical comedy film directed by Jason Moore and written by Kay Cannon. It features an ensemble cast, including Anna Kendrick, Skylar Astin, Rebel Wilson, Anna Camp, Brittany Snow, Hana Mae Lee, Alexis Knapp, Ester Dean, Kelley Jakle, Shelley Regner, Wanetah Walmsley, Adam DeVine, Ben Platt, Utkarsh Ambudkar, John Michael Higgins, and Elizabeth Banks. The plot follows Barden University's all-girl acappella group, The Barden Bellas, as they compete against another acappella group from their college to win Nationals. The film is loosely adapted from Mickey Rapkin's non-fiction book, titled Pitch Perfect: The Quest for Collegiate a Cappella Glory. Filming concluded in December 2011, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.The film premiered in Los Angeles on September 24, 2012 and was released on September 28, 2012 in the United States. The film received positive reviews from critics and became a sleeper hit, earning over $115 million worldwide. It is the first film in the film series and was followed by two sequels, Pitch Perfect 2 (2015) and Pitch Perfect 3 (2017).", "Q118201": "Georges-Andr\u00e9 Chevallaz (7 February 1915 \u2013 8 September 2002) was a Swiss historian, politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1974\u20131983).\nMayor of Lausanne since 1957 and member of the Swiss National Council since 1958, he was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 5 December 1973 and handed over office on 31 December 1983. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party. During his office time he held the following departments:\n\nFederal Department of Finance (1974\u20131979)\nFederal Military Department (1980\u20131983)He was President of the Confederation in 1980.\nAfter retiring from the Federal Council, he presided the foundation of the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (1988\u20131992).", "Q75981": "Hans Leussink (2 February 1912 in Sch\u00fcttorf \u2013 16 February 2008 in Karlsruhe) was a German teacher and politician. He served as the country's Minister for Education and Research from October 1969 to March 1972 in Cabinet Brandt I under Chancellor Willy Brandt. His descendants live in Canada and the Netherlands.\nHe was the oldest former minister of all time in Germany until his death on 16 February 2008.In 1994 Leussink was elected as Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.", "Q7921413": "RCA Inspiration (formerly Verity Records) is a gospel music group operating under Sony Music.", "Q73328": "Fritz Sennheiser (May 9, 1912 \u2013 May 17, 2010 \u2013 died at age 98) was a German inventor and entrepreneur who founded and served as chairman of Sennheiser Electronic, a manufacturer of audio equipment.", "Q117132": "Norton C\u00e2ndia Nascimento (January 4, 1962 \u2013 December 21, 2007) was a Brazilian actor.", "Q44584": "Hans Magnus Enzensberger (born 11 November 1929 in Kaufbeuren) is a German author, poet, translator and editor. He has also written under the pseudonym Andreas Thalmayr.", "Q86809": "Karl Ludwig von Urlichs (November 9, 1813 \u2013 November 3, 1889) was a German philologist and archaeologist born in Osnabr\u00fcck. He was the father of archaeologist Heinrich Ludwig Urlichs (1864-1935).\nHe received his education at the University of Bonn, where he was a student of Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker (1784-1868). Afterwards he travelled throughout Sicily and Italy; in Rome he collaborated with other German scholars on the multi-volume Beschreibung der Stadt Rom (1829\u20131842). In 1840 he returned to Bonn, where in 1841 he was co-founder and first chronicler of the Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande. In 1844 he became an associate professor at the University of Bonn.\nIn 1847 he was appointed professor of classical philology at the University of Greifswald, subsequently becoming a member of the Preu\u00dfischen Abgeordnetenhauses (Prussian House of Representatives) and of the Erfurt Union. In 1855 he relocated to the University of W\u00fcrzburg as chair of classical philology and aesthetics. He specialized in classical pottery and ancient sculpture, and at W\u00fcrzburg was in charge of the large collection of art and antiques at the Martin von Wagner Museum.\nHe died in W\u00fcrzburg.\nAmong his numerous publications was an important work on the landmarks of ancient Rome titled Codex Urbis Romae topographicus (1871), and an 1863 monograph on the life and works of the Greek sculptor Skopas called Skopas: Leben und Werke.", "Q74447": "Julius Hatry (30 December 1906 \u2013 7 November 2000) was a German aircraft designer and builder. He is remembered for his contributions to sailplane development in the early twentieth century and for building the world's first purpose-built rocket plane, the Opel RAK.1.\nHatry was born in Mannheim and developed an early interest in aviation, joining the Mannheim flying club in 1922. With the club, he became a frequent visitor to the annual gliding competitions held at the Wasserkuppe during the 1920s. Between 1927 and 1928 he assisted in the construction of the Kakadu (then the largest sailplane ever built) with the Munich Akaflieg (student flying) group. \n\nReferences from Alexander Lippisch and Oskar Ursinus helped him gain his first design contract, for a motor glider which never actually flew due to problems with its powerplant. His association with Lippisch also allowed him to participate in the 1928 rocketry experiments carried out for Fritz von Opel. This led to von Opel commissioning him to build him a rocket plane for a public demonstration the following year.\nHe worked in civil engineering as Germany was rebuilt after the devastation of World War II.\nFrom 1982 until his death, he was active in the Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Society for Air and Spaceflight - DGLR), an aerospace research and advocacy group.", "Q156608": "The Bourne Supremacy is a 2004 American action thriller film featuring Robert Ludlum's Jason Bourne character. Though it takes the name of the second Bourne novel, its plot is entirely different. The film was directed by Paul Greengrass from a screenplay by Tony Gilroy. It is the second installment in the Jason Bourne film series. It is preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002) and followed by The Bourne Ultimatum (2007), The Bourne Legacy (2012), and Jason Bourne (2016).\nThe Bourne Supremacy continues the story of Jason Bourne, a former CIA assassin suffering from psychogenic amnesia. Bourne is portrayed by Matt Damon. The film focuses on his attempt to learn more of his past as he is once more enveloped in a conspiracy involving the CIA and Operation Treadstone. The film also stars Brian Cox as Ward Abbott, Joan Allen as Pamela Landy and Julia Stiles as Nicky Parsons.\nUniversal Pictures released the film to theaters in the United States on July 23, 2004, to positive reviews and commercial success, grossing $290 million on a $75 million budget.", "Q287599": "Me and Orson Welles is a 2008 British-American period drama film directed by Richard Linklater and starring Zac Efron, Christian McKay, and Claire Danes. Based on Robert Kaplow's novel of the same name, the story, set in 1937 New York, tells of a teenager hired to perform in Orson Welles's groundbreaking stage adaptation of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. He becomes attracted to a career-driven production assistant.\nThe film was shot in London and New York and on the Isle of Man in February, March and April 2008, and was released in the United States on November 25, 2009, and the United Kingdom on December 4, 2009.\nMcKay's portrayal of Welles was recognized with a multitude of accolades, and Me and Orson Welles was named one of the top ten independent films of the year by the National Board of Review.\n\n", "Q382393": "Louis Garrel (born 14 June 1983) is a French actor and filmmaker. He is best known for his starring role in The Dreamers, directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. He regularly appears in films by French director Christophe Honor\u00e9, including Ma M\u00e8re, Dans Paris, Love Songs, The Beautiful Person and Making Plans for Lena.", "Q120946": "Monique Schwitter (born March 2, 1972 in Zurich, Switzerland) is a Swiss writer and actress.", "Q742426": "Marguerite Ann Norris (February 16, 1927 \u2013 May 12, 1994), also known as Marguerite Riker and Marguerite Norris-Riker, was an American ice hockey executive. She was the first female team executive in National Hockey League (NHL) history.\n\n", "Q193232": "Vasili IV (Russian: \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 IV \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0428\u0443\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, Vasiliy Ivanovich Shuisky, 22 September 1552 \u2013 12 September 1612), also called Basil IV, was Tsar of Russia between 1606 and 1610 after the murder of False Dmitriy I. His reign fell during the Time of Troubles. He was the only member of House of Shuysky to become Tsar and the last member of the Rurikid dynasty to rule until the end of monarchy.", "Q34063": "Jos\u00e9 Gaspar Rodr\u00edguez de Francia y Velasco (6 January 1766 \u2013 20 September 1840) was a Paraguayan lawyer and politician, and the first dictator (1814-1840) of Paraguay following its 1811 independence from the Spanish Viceroyalty of the R\u00edo de la Plata. His official title was \"Supreme and Perpetual Dictator of Paraguay\", but he was popularly known as El Supremo.\nHe is considered to be the chief ideologue and political leader of the faction that advocated for the full independence of Paraguay from the United Provinces of the R\u00edo de la Plata and from the Empire of Brazil.", "Q2276547": "Robert George Wahlberg (born December 18, 1967) is an American actor who has appeared in films such as Southie, Mystic River and The Departed.", "Q833822": "The University of Kassel (German: Universit\u00e4t Kassel) is a university founded in 1971 located in Kassel, Hessen, in Germany. As of October 2013 it had about 23,000 students and more than 2,600 staff, including 307 professors.International summer universities, intensive German language courses and orientation programmes for international students and students come from over 115 countries.\nEach academic year, more than 100 visiting scholars pursue research projects in cooperation with colleagues from the University of Kassel, making a valuable contribution to the academic and cultural life. The newly established International House is located on the campus. It offers hostels for international guests and is available for meetings, conferences, and cultural events.", "Q187247": "Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Karelin (kah-RE-lin, Russian: \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d, IPA: [\u0250l\u02b2\u026ak\u02c8sandr \u0250l\u02b2\u026ak\u02c8sandr\u0259v\u02b2\u026at\u0255 k\u0259\u02c8r\u02b2el\u02b2\u026an]; born 19 September 1967) is a retired Greco-Roman wrestler for the Soviet Union and Russia. Nicknamed the \"Russian Bear\", \"Russian King Kong\", \"Alexander the Great\" and \"The Experiment\", he is considered the greatest Greco-Roman wrestler of all time. Karelin won gold medals at the 1988, 1992 and 1996 Olympic Games under a different flag each time (Soviet Union, Unified Team and Russia respectively), and a silver medal at the 2000 Olympic Games. His wrestling record is 887 wins and two losses, both by a single point. Prior to his farewell match versus Rulon Gardner in September 2000, he hadn't a point scored on him within six years. Karelin was the national flag bearer at three consecutive Olympics: in 1988 for the Soviet Union, in 1992 for the Unified Team, and in 1996 for Russia.", "Q269326": "The Killer (Chinese: \u558b\u8840\u96d9\u96c4) is a 1989 Hong Kong action thriller film written and directed by John Woo, and starring Chow Yun-fat, Danny Lee and Sally Yeh. Chow plays the assassin Ah Jong, who accidentally damages the eyes of the singer Jennie (Sally Yeh) during a shootout. He later discovers that if Jennie does not undergo an expensive operation she will go blind. To get the money for Jennie, Ah Jong decides to perform one last hit.\nAfter the financial backing from Tsui Hark became problematic following the release of Woo's film A Better Tomorrow 2, Woo had to find backing through Chow Yun Fat's and Danny Lee's financing companies. Woo went into filming The Killer with a rough draft whose plot was influenced by the films Le Samoura\u00ef, Mean Streets, and Narazumono. Woo desired to make a film about honour, friendship and the relationship of two seemingly opposite people. After finishing filming, Woo referred to The Killer as a tribute to directors Jean-Pierre Melville and Martin Scorsese.\nThe Killer was not an immediate success in Hong Kong, but received critical acclaim in the Western world with reviewers praising the action scenes and its over-the-top style. The film became Woo's stepping stone to make Hollywood films and has been a strong influence on many directors, including Quentin Tarantino, Robert Rodriguez and Johnnie To.", "Q271569": "Patricia Alma O'Connell (n\u00e9e Hitchcock; born 7 July 1928), commonly known as Pat Hitchcock, is an English actress and producer. She is the only child of English director Alfred Hitchcock and Alma Reville, and had small roles in several of his films, starting with Stage Fright (1950).", "Q551390": "Dr Dov Bar-Nir (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05d1 \u05d1\u05e8-\u05e0\u05d9\u05e8\u200e, 3 December 1911 \u2013 7 May 2000) was a Belgium-born Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Mapam between 1949 and 1951.", "Q374363": "Philippe Brenninkmeyer (born 3 November 1964) is a Dutch actor. In Germany he is known as Philipp Brenninkmeyer.", "Q846265": "Tim Yeung is an extreme metal drummer. He was born on November 27, 1978 in Rochester, New York and later relocated to Los Angeles, California. Yeung started playing drums when he was 11 years old.", "Q69364": "Carouge is a municipality in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.", "Q188160": "Dominique Vlasto (born 14 August 1946 in Marseille) is a French politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2000 until 2014. She is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement, which is part of the European People's Party. \nIn parliament, Vlasto served on the European Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy. She was also a substitute for the Committee on Transport and Tourism, and a member of the delegation to the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly.", "Q2005511": "The University of Fort Hare is a public university in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa.\nIt was a key institution of higher education for black Africans from 1916 to 1959 when it offered a Western-style academic education to students from across sub-Saharan Africa, creating a black African elite. Fort Hare alumni were part of many subsequent independence movements and governments of newly independent African countries.\nIn 1959, the university was subsumed by the apartheid system, but it is now part of South Africa's post-apartheid public higher education system. It is known for its notable alumni, which include several prominent leaders and heads of state, Nobel prize winners, business and freedom activists such as Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu, Robert Sobukwe, Oliver Tambo, Govan Mbeki, Z.K. Matthews, Robert Mugabe, Chris Hani, Dali Mpofu, Sizwe Ntsaluba, Kenneth Kaunda and many others.\n\n", "Q76244": "Epica is a Dutch symphonic metal band, founded by guitarist and vocalist Mark Jansen after his departure from After Forever.\nFormed as a symphonic metal band with gothic tendencies, later Epica have incorporated into their sound strong death metal influences. Starting from the third album, even progressive metal attitudes have become evident. In addition, the band often uses thrash metal and groove metal riffs, black metal passages (mostly in the drum technique), power metal moments and references to Arabic music. Some songs also have electronic shades, djent transitions and folk metal melodies derived from middle eastern, Chinese and Celtic traditions. Epica is also known for the attention to the vocal lines that, in contrast to the heavy context, weave very catchy, easy to hold, sophisticated and emotional melodies. In the band's sound the use of female vocals and male growls, performed by Simone Simons and Mark Jansen respectively, is fundamental. They primarily write their own lyrics, which often deal with philosophical, psychological, spiritual, moral, scientific, environmental, socio-political, global and topical and personal themes. Epica is also known for their wide use of orchestra and opera choirs.\nIn 2003, Epica's debut album The Phantom Agony was released through Transmission Records. Consign to Oblivion followed in 2005, and debuted at No. 12 in the Dutch charts. They moved labels to Nuclear Blast following Transmission's bankruptcy, and in 2007, released their third studio album The Divine Conspiracy, which charted at No. 9 in the Netherlands. 2009's Design Your Universe was met with yet greater success, debuting at No. 8 in the Dutch Albums Chart, and charting across Europe, also garnering much critical acclaim. Epica's fifth studio album Requiem for the Indifferent was released in 2012. Well received by critics, it achieved international success, entering the US's Billboard 200 at No. 104, and Japan's Oricon Albums Chart at No. 172.At the beginning of May 2014 the band released their sixth album, The Quantum Enigma, which was a huge international success, debuting on No. 110 on US Billboard 200 and peaking at No. 4 in Epica's homeland Netherlands. In June 2015 Epica was awarded the Music Export Awards, which is given to the Dutch act with the most international success in the past year. Their seventh album, The Holographic Principle, was released in September 2016.", "Q4164507": "An art critic is a person who is specialized in analyzing, interpreting and evaluating art. Their written critiques or reviews contribute to art criticism and they are published in newspapers, magazines, books, exhibition brochures and catalogues and on web sites. Some of today's art critics use art blogs and other online platforms in order to connect with a wider audience and expand debate about art.\nDifferently from art history, there is not an institutionalized training for art critics (with only few exceptions); art critics come from different backgrounds and they may or may not be university trained. Professional art critics are expected to have a keen eye for art and a thorough knowledge of art history. Typically the art critic views art at exhibitions, galleries, museums or artists' studios and they can be members of the International Association of Art Critics which has national sections. Very rarely art critics earn their living from writing criticism.\nThe opinions of art critics have the potential to stir debate on art related topics. Due to this the viewpoints of art critics writing for art publications and newspapers adds to public discourse concerning art and culture. Art collectors and patrons often rely on the advice of such critics as a way to enhance their appreciation of the art they are viewing. Many now famous and celebrated artists were not recognized by the art critics of their time, often because their art was in a style not yet understood or favored. Conversely, some critics, have become particularly important helping to explain and promote new art movements \u2014 Roger Fry with the Post-Impressionist movement, Lawrence Alloway with Pop Art as examples.", "Q92868": "Irving Stoy Reed (November 12, 1923 \u2013 September 11, 2012) was an American mathematician and engineer. He is best known for co-inventing a class of algebraic error-correcting and error-detecting codes known as Reed\u2013Solomon codes in collaboration with Gustave Solomon. He also co-invented the Reed\u2013Muller code.\nReed made many contributions to areas of electrical engineering including radar, signal processing, and image processing. He was part of the team that built the MADDIDA, guidance system for Northrop's Snark cruise missile \u2013 one of the first digital computers. He developed and introduced the now-standard Register Transfer Language to the computer community while at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory. He was a faculty member of the Electrical Engineering-Systems Department of the University of Southern California from 1962 to 1993.\nReed was a member of the National Academy of Engineering (1979) and a Fellow of the IEEE (1973), a winner of the Claude E. Shannon Award, the IEEE Computer Society Charles Babbage Award, the IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal (1989) and with Gustave Solomon, the 1995 IEEE Masaru Ibuka Award. In 1998 Reed received a Golden Jubilee Award for Technological Innovation from the IEEE Information Theory Society.", "Q78269": "Julius Sturm (July 21, 1816 - May 2, 1896), German poet, was born at K\u00f6stritz in the principality of Reuss.\nHe studied theology at Jena from 1837 to 1841, and was appointed preceptor to the hereditary prince Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line. In 1851 he became pastor of G\u00f6schitz near Schleiz, and in 1857 at his native village of K\u00f6stritz. In 1885 he retired with the title of Geheimkirchen rat. He died in Leipzig.\nSturm was a writer of lyrics and sonnets and of church poetry, breathing a spirit of deep piety and patriotism.\nHis religious poems were published in:\n\nFromme Lieder (Devout Songs and Poems; pt. i., Leipzig, 1852; 12th ed., 1893; pt. ii., 1858; pt. iii., 1892)\nZwei Rosen, oder das hohe Lied der Liebe (Two Roses, or the Canticle of Love; Leipzig, 1854; 2nd ed., 1892)\nIsraelitische Lieder (Israelite Songs; 3rd ed., Halle, 1881)\nPalme und Krone (Palm and Crown; Leipzig, 1888)His chief lyrics were issued in:\n\nGedichte (6th ed., Leipzig, 1892)\nNeue Gedichte (2nd ed., Leipzig, 1880)\nLieder und Bilder (2nd ed., 1892)\nKampf- und Siegergedichte (Poems of Battle and Victory; Halle, 1870)\nNeue Lieder (1880, 2nd ed., 1888)\nNeue lyrische Gedichte (Leipzig)\nIn Freud und Leid, letzte Lieder (1896).", "Q284084": "On War (French: De la guerre) is a 2008 French comedy-drama film directed by Bertrand Bonello and starring Mathieu Amalric, Laurent Lucas, Guillaume Depardieu, Asia Argento, Michel Piccoli and L\u00e9a Seydoux. It follows a man in the middle of an existential crisis as he gets drawn into a strange pleasure-obsessed cult. The film's title loosely refers to the treatise On War, by Carl von Clausewitz.", "Q60426": "Carl-Friedrich Arp Ole Freiherr von Beust, generally called Ole von Beust (born 13 April 1955), is a German politician who was First Mayor of Hamburg from 31 October 2001 to 25 August 2010, serving as President of the Bundesrat from 1 November 2007 on for one year. He was succeeded as mayor by Christoph Ahlhaus.\n\n", "Q123283": "Hans Martin Sutermeister (29 September 1907 \u2013 4 May 1977 pen name: Hans Moehrlen) was a Swiss physician and medical writer, politician, and activist against miscarriages of justice.", "Q70635": "Glarus Nord is one of three municipalities of the canton of Glarus, Switzerland (the others being Glarus and Glarus S\u00fcd).\nEffective from 1 January 2011, Glarus Nord incorporates the former municipalities of Bilten, Filzbach, Mollis, M\u00fchlehorn, N\u00e4fels, Niederurnen, Oberurnen and Obstalden.", "Q229716": "Lulu Kennedy-Cairns, OBE (born Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie; 3 November 1948) is a Scottish singer-songwriter, actress, TV personality and businesswoman. She is noted for her powerful singing voice.She is internationally known, but especially by UK audiences in the 1960s. Later in her career she had hits internationally with \"To Sir with Love\" from the 1967 film of the same name and with the title song to the 1974 James Bond film The Man with the Golden Gun. In European countries, she is also widely known for her Eurovision Song Contest 1969 winning entry \"Boom Bang-a-Bang\", and in the UK for her 1964 hit \"Shout\", which was performed at the closing ceremony of the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.", "Q3562326": "James Joseph Murphy (November 3, 1898 \u2013 October 19, 1962) was a United States Representative from New York.", "Q322131": "Maximilien Vox (real name: Samuel William Th\u00e9odore Monod) was a French writer, cartoonist, illustrator, publisher, journalist, critic art theorist and historian of the French letter and typography.He was born on 16 December 1894 in Cond\u00e9-sur-Noireau in Calvados, where his father was a minister, and educated at the Corneille school in Rouen.\nIn 1914 he published his humorous cartoons in L'Humanit\u00e9, Flor\u00e9al and La Guerre Sociale and became editor of Le Mot, the review produced by Paul Iribe. Most of his cartoons were signed Sam Monod or Esmono. Monod adopted a number of aliases before settling on Maximilien Vox. After getting married he went to Paris to learn typography, and in 1926 was awarded the Prix Blumenthal, worth 20,000 Francs, for a series of 24 book covers.\nDuring the Second World War he worked as a department head for the Ministry of Information, whilst at the same time continuing his editorial activities. In 1942 he founded The Union Bibliophile de France, which published artworks.\nAfter the war he concentrated on typography and created in 1949 the professional magazine Characters, which he edited until 1964. He created the VOX-ATypI classification of type characters.In 1952 he moved to Lurs to live in a house he called Monodi\u00e8re and founded the Rencontres internationales de Lure. He died there 18 December 1974 and buried in Lurs. He had married Eliane Poulain in 1917 and had five sons.", "Q2485680": "Bedford is a town in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 17,335 at the 2010 census.The town of Bedford is located in the northeastern part of Westchester County, and contains the four hamlets of Bedford Hills, Bedford, Katonah, and Bedford Corners.", "Q103153": "Walther Bensemann (13 January 1873 \u2013 12 November 1934) was a German pioneer of football and founder of the country's major sports publication, Kicker.\nBensemann was born in Berlin, Brandenburg, as the son of a Jewish banker. During his time at private school in Montreux, Switzerland, he learned about the new sport of football. When he moved to Karlsruhe in order to complete his school-leavers' exam, he began to spread the sport around the German Empire.\nThere, in September 1889, he founded the International Football Club, the first football club in southern Germany, and two years later he was instrumental in the founding of Karlsruher FV, one of the first champion clubs in Germany. He was also involved in the creation of Frankfurter Kickers, who would later become Eintracht Frankfurt. In 1900 he belonged to the founding-fathers of the German Football Association, the German Football Association.\nBensemann thought of football as a means of international understanding, so he started to organize international matches such as the ones between selections of Lausanne and southern Germany in 1893. Consequently, this also led to the five historical matches between selections from Germany England and between 1899 and 1901, which albeit not having any official status, are considered the historically first international matches of any German national side.\nIn 1920, Bensemann founded Kicker, which evolved soon into Germany's leading football magazine, a status which it retains until today.\nIn 1933, the Nazi Machtergreifung in Germany compelled Benseman to move to Montreux where he died soon, relatively unnoticed and without means.", "Q438440": "Elli Alexiou (sometimes Ell\u0113; c.\u20091894\u2013 1986) was a Greek author, playwright and journalist.The daughter of a printer and publisher, Alexiou was born in Heraklion, Crete. She taught French in a high school, and was politically active, joining the Communist Party in 1928 and working with the National Liberation Front resistance during World War II. After the war, she received a scholarship from the French government and studied in Paris. She was stripped of Greek citizenship in 1950, living as an exile until it was restored in 1965.Alexiou wrote short stories and novels about her experience as a school teacher and her life as a political exile in Hungary and Romania. Her sister Galatea was the first wife of novelist Nikos Kazantzakis.", "Q192138": "Ibrahim Rugova (Albanian pronunciation: [ib\u027eahim \u027eugova]; 2 December 1944 \u2013 21 January 2006) was the first President of the partially recognised Republic of Kosova, serving from 1992 to 2000 and again from 2002 until his death in 2006, and a prominent Kosovo Albanian political leader, scholar, and writer. He oversaw a popular struggle for independence, advocating a peaceful resistance to Yugoslav rule and lobbying for U.S. and European support, especially during the Kosovo War. Owing to his role in Kosovo's history, Rugova has been dubbed \"Father of the Nation\" and \"Gandhi of the Balkans\". Rugova founded the political party Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) in 1989. The LDK, which had the support of 90% of the ethnic Albanian population of Kosovo, advocated for Kosovo's independence by peaceful means. The party established a shadow government that provided basic government and social services to the Kosovo Albanian population, including education and health care, in effect creating a parallel state. In May 1992, Rugova was elected President of this parallel state. In March 2002, with the United Nations Mission in Kosovo administering the province, he was elected President of Kosovo. He held this position until his death in January 2006, and was posthumously declared a Hero of Kosovo.", "Q64640": "Wolfgang Menzel (June 21 or 26, 1798 \u2013 April 23, 1873), German poet, critic and literary historian, was born at Waldenburg (Wa\u0142brzych) in Silesia.", "Q118215": "Eug\u00e8ne Ruffy (2 August 1854 in Lutry \u2013 25 October 1919) was a Swiss politician.\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 14 December 1893 and resigned on 31 October 1899. He was affiliated with the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland. \nDuring his time in office he headed the following departments:\n\nDepartment of Justice and Police (1894)\nDepartment of Home Affairs (1895)\nDepartment of Justice and Police (1895)\nDepartment of Home Affairs (1896 - 1897)\nPolitical Department (1898)\nMilitary Department (1899)He was President of the Confederation in 1898.\nHis father, Victor Ruffy (1823-1869), was a member of the Federal Council in 1868/1869. The younger Ruffy was the only person to succeed his father as a member of the council until the election of Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf in 2007.", "Q75995": "Johannes Hancke (also Jan Hancke; Joannes Hancke; February 2, 1644 \u2013 August 24, 1713) was a German Jesuit theology professor and mathematician.\nJohn Hancke was born in Neisse, and joined the Jesuit order in 1664. After his novitiate in Brno, he studied theology from 1670 to 1674 at the universities of Breslau and Prague and he published his Theses Mathematicae in 1676. He taught Mathematics and Theology in Prague and at the Palack\u00fd University of Olomouc and the University of Breslau. He died, aged 69, in Brno.", "Q151173": "Joachim-Napol\u00e9on Murat (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292oa\u0283\u025b\u0303 nap\u0254le\u0254\u0303 my\u0281a]; born Joachim Murat; Italian: Gioacchino Napoleone Murat; German: Joachim-Napoleon Murat; 25 March 1767 \u2013 13 October 1815) was a Marshal of the Empire and Admiral during the reign of Napoleon. He was also the 1st Prince Murat, Grand Duke of Berg from 1806 to 1808, and King of Naples from 1808 to 1815. Murat received his titles in part by being Napoleon's brother-in-law through marriage to his younger sister, Caroline Bonaparte, as well as personal merit. He was noted as a daring, brave, and charismatic cavalry officer as well as a flamboyant dresser, for which he was known as \"the Dandy King\".\n\n", "Q108006": "Speed is a 1994 American action thriller film directed by Jan de Bont, in his feature film directorial debut. The film stars Keanu Reeves, Dennis Hopper, Sandra Bullock, Joe Morton, and Jeff Daniels. It is about a speeding bus that is rigged by a mad bomber to explode if it ever drops below 50 mph.\nReleased on June 10, 1994, it became critically and commercially successful, grossing $350.4 million on a $30 million budget and winning two Academy Awards, for Best Sound Effects Editing and Best Sound, at the 67th Academy Awards in 1995.\nA critically panned sequel, Speed 2: Cruise Control, was released on June 13, 1997.\n\n", "Q1841": "The Catholic Church, sometimes referred to as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with approximately 1.3 billion baptised Catholics worldwide as of 2018. As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church is headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the pope. Its central administration is the Holy See.\nThe Christian beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith, reserving infallibility, passed down by sacred tradition. The Latin Church, the twenty-three Eastern Catholic Churches, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.Of its seven sacraments the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Mother of God and Queen of Heaven, honoured in dogmas and devotions. Its teaching includes Divine Mercy, sanctification through faith and evangelization of the Gospel as well as Catholic social teaching, which emphasises voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world.The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, and science. Catholics live all over the world through missions, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century the majority reside in the southern hemisphere due to secularization in Europe, and increased persecution in the Middle East.\nThe Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East\u2013West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope. Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431 the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, all separating primarily over differences in Christology. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to Protestantism also breaking away.\nFrom the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has received criticism from some for its teaching on sexuality, its inability to ordain women, as well as the handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.", "Q107335": "Olaf Glaeseker (born 1961 in Oldenburg) is a German political consultant, journalist, publicist, and a close confidant of former President Christian Wulff. He served as the President's press secretary from 30 June 2010 to 22 December 2011. He came under criticism for alleged corruption, and resigned a few weeks before the President himself resigned.After serving his military service, he studied at the German Sport University Cologne. As a student, he worked for several regional newspapers, and became political correspondent in Bonn for the Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung.In 1999, he was appointed spokesman for the Christian Democratic Union in the state of Lower Saxony. Following Christian Wulff's election as Prime Minister of Lower Saxony, he was appointed government spokesman in 2003, and was raised to become State Secretary in 2008. Glaeseker was credited with a successful public relations campaign for Wulff. Following Wulff's election as President of Germany in 2010, Glaeseker became the presidential press secretary.In December 2011, Wulff came under criticism, and so did Glaeseker. He was criticized by David McAllister, Wulff's successor as Prime Minister of Lower Saxony. On 22 December, he tendered his resignation.", "Q64898": "Suraua is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graub\u00fcnden in Switzerland. The former municipality was formed on January 1, 2002 through the union of Camuns, Surcasti, Tersnaus, and Uors-Peiden. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia.", "Q2964785": "Darrel Steven \"Chris\" Lighty (May 8, 1968 \u2013 August 30, 2012) was an American music industry executive. He co-founded Violator, a record label, management and marketing company, which represented hip hop artists such as Nas, Ja Rule, Mobb Deep, Missy Elliott, LL Cool J, Uncle Murda, 50 Cent, Mariah Carey and Sean \"Diddy\" Combs. The New York Times called him \"one of the most powerful figures in the hip-hop business.\"", "Q562996": "Serge Adda (19 September 1948 in Tunis \u2013 6 November 2004 in Paris) was the president of the French television station TV5.", "Q88830": "Georg Jarzembowski (born 3 February 1947, Braunschweig) is a German politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for Hamburg from 1991 until 2009. He is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party.", "Q347965": "Princess Donna is an American pornographic actress and adult movie director. She was formerly the director of the websites Public Disgrace, Bound Gang Bangs, and Ultimate Surrender, all three produced by Kink.com. Virtually all of her performances and directorial projects have been within the genre of BDSM pornography. She has appeared as a subject in a number of documentaries, including Graphic Sexual Horror in 2009 and Public Sex, Private Lives in 2012.", "Q382387": "Noboru Iguchi (\u4e95\u53e3\u6607, Iguchi Noboru) is a Japanese film director, screenwriter and actor. He has worked as a director in adult video (AV) as well as in the horror and gore genres.\n\n", "Q320726": "Michael Geoffrey Ralphs (born 31 March 1944 from Herefordshire) is an English guitarist and songwriter, who was a founding member of rock bands Mott the Hoople and Bad Company.", "Q262267": "Elizabeth Maria Pe\u00f1a (September 23, 1959 \u2013 October 14, 2014) was an American actress, writer, panelist and musician. Her work in films included Nothing like the Holidays, Batteries Not Included, La Bamba, Down and Out in Beverly Hills, Jacob's Ladder, Rush Hour, The Incredibles, and Lone Star, for which she won the 1996 Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female and a Bravo Award for Outstanding Actress in a Feature Film. She was also a founding member of the Hispanic Organization of Latin Actors. Pe\u00f1a also voiced Rosa Santos in Maya and Miguel.\n\n", "Q65238": "Schwanden bei Brienz (until 1911 officially named Schwanden) is a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.\nThe blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per Pile Or and Gules three Pales wavy Argent.", "Q938977": "Matthew Adam Nathanson (born March 28, 1973) is an American singer-songwriter whose work is a blend of folk and rock and roll music. In addition to singing, he plays acoustic (sometimes a 12-string) and electric guitar, and has played both solo and with a full band. His work includes the platinum-selling song \"Come On Get Higher\". One of his hit songs, \"Giants\", was the opening music for the 2016 World Series of Poker in Las Vegas on ESPN.", "Q147077": "Emily Jean \"Emma\" Stone (born November 6, 1988) is an American actress. The recipient of numerous accolades, including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award, she was the world's highest-paid actress in 2017. Stone has appeared in Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2013 and in 2017, she was featured by Time as one of the 100 most influential people in the world.\nBorn and raised in Scottsdale, Arizona, Stone began acting as a child, in a theater production of The Wind in the Willows in 2000. As a teenager, she relocated to Los Angeles with her mother and made her television debut in In Search of the New Partridge Family (2004), a reality show that produced only an unsold pilot. After small television roles, she made her film debut in Superbad (2007), and received positive media attention for her role in Zombieland (2009). The 2010 teen comedy Easy A was Stone's first starring role, earning her nominations for the BAFTA Rising Star Award and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. This breakthrough was followed with further success in the romantic comedy Crazy, Stupid, Love (2011) and the drama The Help (2011).\nStone gained wider recognition as Gwen Stacy in the 2012 superhero film The Amazing Spider-Man, and its 2014 sequel. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing a recovering drug addict in the black comedy Birdman (2014), and her Broadway debut came in a revival of the musical Cabaret (2014\u20132015). She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for playing an aspiring actress in the romantic musical La La Land (2016). Stone portrayed Billie Jean King in the biographical sports film Battle of the Sexes (2017) and Abigail Masham in the historical comedy-drama The Favourite (2018), receiving a third Academy Award nomination for the latter. She has since starred in the Netflix dark comedy miniseries Maniac (2018) and the comedy sequel Zombieland: Double Tap (2019).", "Q52494": "Dirk Dries David Damiaan, Viscount Frimout (born 21 March 1941 in Poperinge, Belgium) is an astrophysicist for the European Space Agency. He flew aboard NASA Space Shuttle mission STS-45 as a payload specialist, making him the first Belgian in space.\n\n", "Q101022": "Gaby Hauptmann (born 14 May 1957) is a German journalist and writer.\n\n", "Q799550": "Henry Eeles Dresser (9 May 1838 \u2013 28 November 1915) was an English businessman and ornithologist.\n\n", "Q1285835": "The Edmonton Eskimos are a professional Canadian football team based in Edmonton, Alberta, competing in the West Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). The Eskimos play their home games at The Brick Field at Commonwealth Stadium and are the third-youngest franchise in the CFL. The Eskimos were founded in 1949, although there were clubs with the name Edmonton Eskimos as early as 1895. The Eskimos are arguably the most successful CFL franchise of the modern era (since 1954), having won the league's Grey Cup championship fourteen times (including a three-peat between 1954 and 1956 and an unmatched five consecutive wins between 1978 and 1982), most recently in 2015. This places Edmonton second overall to the Toronto Argonauts, who have won seventeen Grey Cups (with seven of those since 1954). \nThe Eskimos hold a North American professional sports record by qualifying for the playoffs for 34 consecutive years between 1972 and 2005. Edmonton has had the most regular season division championships in the CFL's modern era with 21, with their most recent coming in 2015. The team has a rivalry with the Calgary Stampeders and are one of the three community owned teams currently operating in the CFL.", "Q2473116": "Charles Richard Crane (August 7, 1858 \u2013 February 14, 1939) was a wealthy American businessman, heir to a large industrial fortune and connoisseur of Arab culture, a noted Arabist. His widespread business interests gave him entree into domestic and international political affairs where he enjoyed privileged access to many influential power brokers at the top levels of government. His special arena of interest was Eastern Europe and the Middle East.", "Q1750541": "Walter Hubert Annenberg (March 13, 1908 \u2013 October 1, 2002) was an American businessman, investor, philanthropist, and diplomat. Annenberg owned and operated Triangle Publications, which included ownership of The Philadelphia Inquirer, TV Guide, the Daily Racing Form, A+ Magazine, Essence, Star & Sky Magazine, Elementary Electronics, Playboy, The Saturday Evening Post, The Atlantic Monthly, and Seventeen magazine. He was appointed by President Richard Nixon as United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom, where he served from 1969 to 1974.\nAnnenberg was born in Milwaukee and raised in New York. He attended the Wharton School, the business school at the University of Pennsylvania, though he dropped out to pursue stock investing. His father, Moses Annenberg, was convicted of tax evasion and incarcerated for two years. During that time, and following his father's death in 1942, Annenberg took control of the Inquirer, expanding its influence and his own. He built up his family's magazine business with great success, extending it into parts of the media industry such as radio and television.\nDuring his tenure as U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, he developed a close friendship with Queen Elizabeth II and other members of the royal family. After initial perceived missteps, he came to be admired for his dedicated work ethic, his wife's lavish entertaining, and personal gifts to support patriotic British causes, such as the restoration of St. Paul's Cathedral in London. He also paid for the renovation of Winfield House, the American ambassador's residence.\nIn his later years, Annenberg became one of the most prominent philanthropists in the United States. He established the Annenberg Foundation in 1988 and personally gave over $2 billion to educational establishments and art galleries, including both the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania and USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism in Los Angeles. At Sunnylands, his 220-acre estate near Palm Springs, California, he entertained royalty, presidents and other celebrities; it is now a museum and retreat center dedicated to furthering the Annenbergs' legacies.", "Q3271673": "Marquis L\u00e9onel de Moustier (5 April 1882, Paris \u2013 10 May 1945) was a French businessman and politician.\nL\u00e9onel Marie Ghislain Alfred de Moustier, son of Marquis Pierre de Moustier, was born in Paris. His father represented Doubs in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Senate. His grandfather Lionel de Moustier was a diplomat under the Second Empire, and his great-grandfather was a member of the Chamber of Peers.\nDe Moustier served in the French Army during the First World War and received the Croix de guerre 1914-1918 and the L\u00e9gion d'Honneur. He was mayor of Cubry as his father had been before him and in 1928 again followed his father, this time to represent Doubs in the Chamber of Deputies, sitting with the Republican Federation. While principally interested in economic and social affairs, he was later an opponent of any appeasement of Nazi Germany and called for increased military preparedness.\nOn the outbreak of the Second World War, he returned to service with the French Army, then aged 57. After the signing of the armistice with Germany in June 1940, he was one of the 80 who voted against the grant of special powers to Philippe P\u00e9tain and the creation of the Vichy r\u00e9gime. Moustier described the armistice as treason and P\u00e9tain as a traitor and was associated with the French Resistance. He was a district leader in the Organisation de r\u00e9sistance de l'arm\u00e9e, and provided assistance to the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service.\nHe was arrested by the Gestapo on 23 August 1943 and imprisoned first at Besan\u00e7on and then at Compi\u00e8gne, and was deported to Neuengamme concentration camp in the summer of 1944. He died there shortly after the camp was liberated. He was posthumously made a member of the Ordre de la Lib\u00e9ration.\nHis son Roland de Moustier (1909\u20132001) was also a politician.", "Q596817": "Joseph Charles \"Joe\" Jones (August 12, 1926 \u2013 November 27, 2005) was an American R&B singer, songwriter and arranger, who was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. Jones is also generally credited with discovering the Dixie Cups. He also worked with B.B. King. As a singer, Jones had his biggest hit in the form of the Top Five 1960 R&B hit \"You Talk Too Much\", which also reached No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.", "Q2902366": "Shlomo Eliahu (Hebrew: \u05e9\u05dc\u05de\u05d4 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u200e, born 18 January 1936) is an Israeli businessman, billionaire, and former politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1978 and 1981.\n\n", "Q62557": "August Diehl (born 4 January 1976) is a German actor, primarily known to international audiences for playing Gestapo major Dieter Hellstrom in Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds and Michael \"Mike\" Krause, Evelyn Salt's husband, in the movie Salt. He is also known for his leading roles in the films The Counterfeiters (2007), The Young Karl Marx (2017), and Terrence Malick's A Hidden Life (2019).", "Q3374079": "Carl Peter Stoltenberg (28 January 1770 \u2013 13 November 1830) was a Norwegian merchant, ship owner and politician. He was a representative at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly in Eidsvoll during 1814.\n\n", "Q326431": "Jacques Paul Migne (French: [mi\u0272]; 25 October 1800 \u2013 24 October 1875) was a French priest who published inexpensive and widely distributed editions of theological works, encyclopedias, and the texts of the Church Fathers, with the goal of providing a universal library for the Catholic priesthood.The Patrologia Latina and the Patrologia Graeca, (along with the Monumenta Germaniae Historica) are among the great 19th century contributions to the scholarship of patristics and the Middle Ages. Within the Roman Catholic Church, Migne's editions put many original texts for the first time into the hands of the priesthood.", "Q959345": "David Lawrence Lipsey, Baron Lipsey (born 21 April 1948) is a British journalist and Labour Party politician.\nAfter attending Bryanston School, Dorset (1962\u201367), Lipsey won an Exhibition in Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE) at Magdalen College, Oxford in 1968 and graduated with a First Class degree, winning the University Gibbs Prize in Politics in 1969. He went on to become a political adviser to Anthony Crosland in Opposition and an adviser to 10 Downing Street. He has worked as a journalist for a variety of different publications including the Sunday Times, Sunday Correspondent, The Times, The Guardian and The Economist. From 1982 to 1983 he was Chairman of the Fabian Society and from 1970 to 1972 Secretary of the Streatham Labour Party.\nDavid Lipsey was awarded a Special Orwell Prize in 1997 for his work as \u2018Bagehot\u2019 in The Economist.Lipsey has held numerous senior posts in public life. As well as his economic and social interests, he chairs the All Party Parliamentary group on Classical Music (from 2011), is a patron of the Glasbury Arts Festival, a trustee of the Cambrian Orchestra Trust and chairman of the Sidney Nolan Trust (from 2011), as well as being a trustee of other arts organisations. Lipsey was created a Life peer as Baron Lipsey, of Tooting Bec in the London Borough of Wandsworth, on 30 July 1999. He sits on the Labour benches in the House of Lords.\nHis sporting interests have included harness racing and presidency of the British Harness Racing Club (2008 to 2016) as well as chairmanship of the British Greyhound Racing Board (now the Greyhound Board of Great Britain) from 2004 to 2009.", "Q384090": "Pavel Petrovich Kadochnikov (Russian: \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432) (16 July [O.S. 29 July] 1915 \u2013 2 May 1988) was a Soviet actor, film director and screenwriter. Among other notable roles he played in the film Ivan the Terrible, directed by Sergei Eisenstein. He received the Stalin Prize three times (1948, 1949, 1951), was named a People's Artist of the USSR (1979) and a Hero of Socialist Labour (1985).", "Q437015": "Sarah Ophelia Colley Cannon (October 25, 1912 \u2013 March 4, 1996), known professionally as her stage character Minnie Pearl, was an American country comedian who appeared at the Grand Ole Opry for more than 50 years (from 1940 to 1991) and on the television show Hee Haw from 1969 to 1991.", "Q528647": "Yizhar Smilansky (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05b4\u05d6\u05b0\u05d4\u05b8\u05e8 \u05e1\u05b0\u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05dc\u05b7\u05e0\u05b0\u05e1\u05b0\u05e7\u05b4\u05d9, 27 September 1916 \u2013 21 August 2006), known by his pen name S. Yizhar (\u05e1. \u05d9\u05b4\u05d6\u05b0\u05d4\u05b8\u05e8), was an Israeli writer and politician.", "Q70153": "Bethel Henry Strousberg (20 November 1823 \u2013 31 May 1884) was a German Jewish industrialist and railway entrepreneur during Germany's rapid industrial expansion in the 19th century. He cemented his social standing with the construction of the Palais Strousberg in Berlin's Wilhelmstrasse, built in 1867\u201368 according to plans designed by August Orth, which later became the seat of the British Embassy.", "Q3100754": "ZE Records was originally a New York-based record label, started in 1978 by Michael Zilkha and Michel Esteban. It was reestablished by Esteban in 2003.", "Q472549": "Stanley Bernard Greenberg (born May 10, 1945) is an American Democratic pollster and political strategist. He is a founding partner at Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research (GQR), a Washington D.C. headquartered political research and campaign company, that is closely affiliated with the Democratic Party. Stan Greenberg advised Presidential campaigns of Bill Clinton and Al Gore candidate president from Democratic party, as well as hundreds of other candidates and organizations in the United States, Latin America, Europe and around the world, including Gerhard Schr\u00f6der, the former Chancellor of Germany and Tony Blair, the former British prime minister.\n\n", "Q706516": "Juan Benet (7 October 1927 \u2013 5 January 1993) was a Spanish, novelist, dramatist and essayist who also worked as a civil engineer.", "Q95861": "Werner Eggerath (16 March 1900, in Elberfeld \u2013 16 June 1977, in East Berlin) was an East German author and communist politician. He was a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED / Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands) and its first secretary in Thuringia from 21 April 1946 to 1947, already having held that position in the Communist Party of Germany before its merger with the SPD, to create, in April 1946, the SED. After having been Minister of the Interior of Thuringia since May 1947, he became its Minister-President on 9 October 1947, which he stayed until 23 July 1952 when the state was abolished. Eggerath also served as Ambassador to Romania from 1954 to 1957 and as the State Secretary for Church Affairs.", "Q2900571": "Gershon Shafat (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05e8\u05e9\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05e4\u05d8\u200e, born 6 December 1927) is an Israeli former politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Tehiya during the mid\u20131980s and early 1990s.", "Q903739": "S\u00e1ndor Demj\u00e1n (14 May 1943 \u2013 26 March 2018) was a Hungarian businessman, entrepreneur, and according to Forbes the second richest person in Hungary with a net worth of 192.0 billion HUF (0.615 billion EUR). He was the chairman of TriGr\u00e1nit.", "Q113426": "Marianne Fritz (14 December 1948 \u2013 1 October 2007) was an Austrian writer and novelist. She is known for her multi-volume series of novels dealing with the history of Austria in the twentieth century. Her work is noted for its experimental nature and extraordinary length.", "Q181144": "Orange Caramel (Korean: \uc624\ub80c\uc9c0 \uceac\ub77c\uba5c) was the first subgroup of South Korean girl group After School. The subgroup was formed in 2010 with the third generation After School members Nana, Raina, and Lizzy.", "Q3930": "Table tennis, also known as ping-pong, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth across a table using small rackets. The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net. Except for the initial serve, the rules are generally as follows: players must allow a ball played toward them to bounce one time on their side of the table, and must return it so that it bounces on the opposite side at least once. A point is scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules. Play is fast and demands quick reactions. Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent's options, giving the hitter a great advantage.\nTable tennis is governed by the worldwide organization International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF), founded in 1926. ITTF currently includes 226 member associations. The table tennis official rules are specified in the ITTF handbook. Table tennis has been an Olympic sport since 1988, with several event categories. From 1988 until 2004, these were men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles and women's doubles. Since 2008, a team event has been played instead of the doubles.", "Q700167": "Victor Li Tzar Kuoi, is a Hong Kong businessman, currently the Chairman of the Board and Group Co-Managing Director of CK Hutchison Holdings Limited and the Chairman of the Board and Managing Director of CK Asset Holdings Limited and the Chairman of CK Infrastructure Holdings Limited. He is the elder son of tycoon Li Ka-shing and the brother of Richard Li.", "Q990145": "Clarksdale is a city in Coahoma County, Mississippi, United States, and the county seat.The western boundary of the county is formed by the Mississippi River. Located in the Mississippi Delta region, Clarksdale is an agricultural and trading center. It has been home to many blues musicians. Clarksdale is named after John Clark, who founded the city in the mid-19th century.", "Q858729": "The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), located in Baltimore, Maryland, is the research-intensive medical school of Johns Hopkins University. Founded in 1893, the School of Medicine shares a campus with the Johns Hopkins Hospital, established in 1889. Johns Hopkins has consistently ranked among the top medical schools in the United States, including in terms of the number of competitive research grants awarded by the National Institutes of Health.", "Q975877": "Ad van Liempt (born 21 May 1949, Utrecht) is a Dutch journalist, writer and a TV producer. He has written several books, including a biography of Prince Bernhard. He also initiated the history program Andere Tijden (Other Times).\nOutside the Netherlands he is best known for his book Kopgeld: Nederlandse premiejagers op zoek naar joden, 1943 which was translated into English and published as Hitler's Bounty Hunters: The Betrayal of the Jews. It described the process by which Nazis paid bounties to Dutch people, particularly police and members of the Central Bureau for Jewish Emigration, for information on the locations of Jews.\nHe wrote Selma: De vrouw die Sobibor overleefde (2010), a biography of Selma Engel-Wijnberg, one of two Dutch survivors of Sobibor Extermination Camp during the Holocaust.", "Q1733964": "Thomas M. Cover [\u02c8ko\u028av\u0259r] (August 7, 1938 \u2013 March 26, 2012) was an information theorist and professor jointly in the Departments of Electrical Engineering and Statistics at Stanford University. He devoted almost his entire career to developing the relationship between information theory and statistics.", "Q292180": "Joy Harjo (born on May 9, 1951, Tulsa, Oklahoma, Mvskoke) is a poet, musician, playwright, and author. Harjo is a mem\u00adber of the Mvskoke Nation and belongs to Oce Vpofv (Hick\u00ado\u00adry Ground.) She is also the first Native American United States Poet Laureate. She is an important figure in the second wave of the literary Native American Renaissance of the late twentieth century. She studied at the Institute of American Indian Arts, completed her undergraduate degree at University of New Mexico in 1976, and earned an M.F.A. at the University of Iowa in its Creative Writing Program.\nIn addition to writing books and other publications, Harjo has taught in numerous United States universities, performed at poetry readings and music events, and released five albums of her original music. Harjo is the author of nine books of poetry, and two award-winning children's books, The Good Luck Cat and For a Girl Becoming. Her books include An American Sunrise (2019),Conflict Resolution for Holy Beings (2015), Crazy Brave (2012), and How We Became Human: New and Selected Poems 1975\u20132002 (2004). She was a recipient of the 2017 Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize. In 2019, she was elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets. Joy is the Director of For Girls Becoming, an art mentor-ship program for young Mvskoke women.\n\n", "Q201924": "The Aviator is a 2004 American epic biographical drama film directed by Martin Scorsese and written by John Logan. It stars Leonardo DiCaprio as Howard Hughes, Cate Blanchett as Katharine Hepburn, and Kate Beckinsale as Ava Gardner. The supporting cast features Ian Holm, John C. Reilly, Alec Baldwin, Jude Law as Errol Flynn, Gwen Stefani as Jean Harlow, Kelli Garner as Faith Domergue, Matt Ross, Willem Dafoe, Alan Alda, and Edward Herrmann.\nBased on the 1993 non-fiction book Howard Hughes: The Secret Life by Charles Higham, the film depicts the life of Howard Hughes, an aviation pioneer and director of Hell's Angels. The film portrays his life from 1927\u20131947 during which time Hughes became a successful film producer and an aviation magnate while simultaneously growing more unstable due to severe obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD).\nThe Aviator was released in the United States on December 25, 2004. The film grossed $214 million at the box office. At the 77th Academy Awards, it was nominated for eleven awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, Best Actor for DiCaprio, and Best Supporting Actor for Alda, winning five: Best Cinematography, Best Film Editing, Best Costume Design, Best Art Direction, and Best Supporting Actress for Cate Blanchett.", "Q66731": "B\u00f6ckten is a municipality in the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q2540286": "Mogi Bayat (Teheran, June 24, 1974), official name Arnaud Bayat, is an Iranian-French businessman. He was Managing Director of the football club Sporting Charleroi from 2003 till 2010. He is the nephew of Abbas Bayat and the brother of Mehdi Bayat.", "Q34739": "Dayton () is the sixth-largest city in the state of Ohio and the county seat of Montgomery County. A small part of the city extends into Greene County. The 2018 U.S. census estimate put the city population at 140,640, while Greater Dayton was estimated to be at 803,416 residents. This makes Dayton the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Ohio and 63rd in the United States. Dayton is within Ohio's Miami Valley region, just north of Greater Cincinnati.\nOhio's borders are within 500 miles (800 km) of roughly 60 percent of the country's population and manufacturing infrastructure, making the Dayton area a logistical centroid for manufacturers, suppliers, and shippers. Dayton also hosts significant research and development in fields like industrial, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering that have led to many technological innovations. Much of this innovation is due in part to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and its place in the community. With the decline of heavy manufacturing, Dayton's businesses have diversified into a service economy that includes insurance and legal sectors as well as healthcare and government sectors.\nAlong with defense and aerospace, healthcare accounts for much of the Dayton area's economy. Hospitals in the Greater Dayton area have an estimated combined employment of nearly 32,000 and a yearly economic impact of $6.8 billion. It is estimated that Premier Health Partners, a hospital network, contributes more than $2 billion a year to the region through operating, employment, and capital expenditures. In 2011, Dayton was rated the #3 city in the nation by HealthGrades for excellence in healthcare.Dayton is also noted for its association with aviation; the city is home to the National Museum of the United States Air Force and is the birthplace of Orville Wright. Other well-known individuals born in the city include poet Paul Laurence Dunbar and entrepreneur John H. Patterson. Dayton is also known for its many patents, inventions, and inventors, most notably the Wright brothers' invention of powered flight. In 2007 Dayton was a part of the top 100 cities in America. In 2008, 2009, and 2010, Site Selection magazine ranked Dayton the #1 mid-sized metropolitan area in the nation for economic development. Also in 2010, Dayton was named one of the best places in the United States for college graduates to find a job.On Memorial Day of 2019 Dayton was affected by a tornado outbreak, in which a total of 15 tornadoes touched down in the Dayton area. One was a half-mile wide EF4 that tore through the heart of the city causing damage.", "Q215979": "Johann Beckmann (1739\u20131811) was a German scientific author and coiner of the word technology, to mean the science of trades. He was the first man to teach technology and write about it as an academic subject.", "Q733585": "Robert Anthony Snow, known as Tony Snow (June 1, 1955 \u2013 July 12, 2008), was an American journalist, political commentator, television news anchor, syndicated columnist, radio host, musician, and the twenty-third White House Press Secretary under President George W. Bush, from May 2006 until his resignation in September 2007. Snow also worked for the first President Bush as chief speechwriter and Deputy Assistant of Media Affairs, from 1991 to 1993.\nBetween his two White House stints, Snow was a broadcaster and newspaper columnist. After years of regular guest-hosting for The Rush Limbaugh Show and providing news commentary for National Public Radio, he launched his own talk radio program, The Tony Snow Show, which went on to become nationally syndicated. He was also a regular personality on Fox News Channel beginning in 1996, hosting Fox News Sunday and Weekend Live, and often substituting as host of The O'Reilly Factor. In April 2008, Snow briefly joined CNN as a commentator. He also made several notable speeches, including keynote addresses at the Conservative Political Action Conference in 2007 and 2008.\nIn his journalistic and governmental capacities, Snow generally supported conservative causes. Snow died of colon cancer on July 12, 2008.", "Q320068": "Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistov (Russian: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432; 7 February 1926 \u2013 21 November 2009) was a Soviet cosmonaut and an eminent space engineer. Feoktistov also wrote several books on space technology and exploration. The Feoktistov crater on the far side of the Moon is named in his honor.", "Q484591": "Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. A person who studies natural history is called a naturalist or natural historian.\nNatural history encompasses scientific research but is not limited to it. It involves the systematic study of any category of natural objects or organisms. So while it dates from studies in the ancient Greco-Roman world and the mediaeval Arabic world, through to European Renaissance naturalists working in near isolation, today's natural history is a cross discipline umbrella of many specialty sciences; e.g., geobiology has a strong multi-disciplinary nature.\n\n", "Q108990": "Heinz Gottfried Nawratil (18 June 1937 in Suchdol nad Odrou, Czechoslovakia \u2013 15 May 2015) is a German lawyer, legal author and human rights activist.\nAfter World War II Nawratil settled in Bavaria, West Germany, where he grew up in Miesbach. He studied law, earned a doctorate and has been working as a civil law notary since 1970. He was awarded the F\u00f6rderpreis of the \u00bbStiftung der Deutschen Gemeinden und Gemeindeverb\u00e4nde zur F\u00f6rderung der Kommunalwissenschaften\u00ab in 1965. He has written books on legal subjects which have been printed in over a million copies. He is also known for his research on the expulsion of Germans after World War II.\n\n", "Q90931": "Hans-Josef Fell (born 7 January 1952 in Hammelburg, German) was a member of the German Parliamentary Group Alliance 90/ the Greens from 1998 to 2013. He served as spokesman on energy for the Alliance 90/The Greens parliamentary group, a member of the Environmental Protection Committee, substitute member of the Committee on Economics and Technology and substitute member of the Defence Committee. Together with Hermann Scheer, he authored the 2000 draft of the Renewable Energy Sources Act, establishing the foundation for the technology developments in photovoltaic, biogas, wind power and geothermal energy in Germany. Fell is founder and president of the Energy Watch Group and an internationally renowned energy and climate change advisor, author and speaker.\n\n", "Q967283": "Luis Alberto Moreno Mej\u00eda (born 3 May 1953) is a Colombian businessman and former diplomat. He was the Colombia's Ambassador to the United States under president Andr\u00e9s Pastrana Arango and the former President of the Instituto de Fomento Industrial. He is the current President of the Inter-American Development Bank where he has served since 2005.", "Q97086": "Ludwig Kalisch (7 September 1814 in Lissa \u2013 3 March 1882 in Paris) was a German-Jewish novelist.\nWhen only twelve years of age he left his home and became successively pedler, merchant, and teacher. He saved enough money to carry him through matriculation and the study of medicine and, later, languages and literature in Heidelberg and Munich. Settling in Mainz in 1843, he became editor of the Narrhalla (1843\u201346). A participant in the revolution of 1848-49, he was forced to leave Germany. He went to Paris, in 1850 to London, and from 1851 onward lived in Paris.", "Q448831": "Doctor at Sea is a 1955 British comedy film, directed by Ralph Thomas, produced by Betty E. Box, and based on Richard Gordon's novel by the same name. This was the second of seven films in the Doctor series, following the hugely popular Doctor in the House from the previous year. Once again, Richard Gordon participated in the screenwriting, together with Nicholas Phipps and Jack Davies, and once again Dirk Bogarde played the lead character Dr Simon Sparrow. The cast also includes James Robertson Justice and Joan Sims from the first film, but this time playing different characters. This was Brigitte Bardot's first English-speaking film.", "Q351849": "Anthony Tiran Todd (born December 4, 1954) is an American actor and film producer, best known for portraying Sergeant Warren in Platoon (1986), Kurn in Star Trek: The Next Generation (1990\u20131991) and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1996), Ben in Night of the Living Dead (1990), the titular character in the Candyman horror franchise (1992\u20132020), William Bludworth in the Final Destination franchise (2000\u20132011), Dan in The Man from Earth (2007), and as the voice of The Fallen in Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009).", "Q562000": "Anna Maria Hall (6 January 1800 \u2013 30 January 1881) was an Irish novelist who often published as \"Mrs. S. C. Hall\". She married Samuel Carter Hall, a writer on art, who described her in Retrospect of a Long Life, from 1815 to 1883. She was born Anna Maria Fielding in Dublin, but left Ireland for England at the age of 15.", "Q1261231": "Sam M. Lewis (October 25, 1885 \u2013 November 22, 1959) was an American singer and lyricist.", "Q114361": "John Hillery Osteen (August 21, 1921 \u2013 January 23, 1999) was an American pastor and founding pastor of Lakewood Church in Houston, Texas, from its beginnings in 1959 until his death in 1999. His television program, John Osteen, ran for 16 years and was broadcast to millions in the U.S. and nearly 50 countries weekly.", "Q68734": "Jean-Pol Martin (born 1943, Paris, France) studied teacher education for foreign language teachers in Germany, and developed a teaching method called learning by teaching. He spent most of his career at Catholic University of Eichst\u00e4tt-Ingolstadt and was an au\u00dferplanm\u00e4\u00dfiger Professor there when he retired in 2008.", "Q2168925": "Armand Basi (1924-January 9 2009) was a Spanish businessman and fashion designer, co-founder of the fashion firm bearing his name.In 1948, along with his brother Josep (d. November 2007), Basi founded a small knitting company inspired by their mother Merc\u00e9 Sabi's knitted sweaters.. By the end of the 1950s the business had expanded into a large textiles company, opening a factory on Balcells Street in Barcelona in 1958. In 1961-62, the Basis signed an exclusive contract with Lacoste to manufacture and distribute Lacoste products in Spain.In 1986, Basi launched his eponymous fashion brand, which produced accessories, perfume, jewellery and watches, as well as clothing. A footwear line was launched in 2005. The Basis' cousin, Llu\u00eds Juste de Nin, who became creative director in 2000, worked as a designer for the firm. Alongside de Nin, other designers included Mirian Ocariz, and in 2009, Markus Lupfer was head of womenswear while Josef Abril designed menswear.At the time of Basi's death from cancer in January 2009, there were branches in Antwerp, Moscow and London, and the business was in talks to enter the Chinese market.", "Q104172": "Joseph Marius Babo (January 14, 1756 in Ehrenbreitstein \u2013 February 5, 1822 in Munich). As a dramatist, Babo preferred action based on history. In Otto von Wittelsbach, written in 1781, he followed the path blazed by Goethe in G\u00f6tz von Berlichingen. Sometimes one could see he was acquainted with Shakespeare. He filled a variety of pedagogical and bureaucratic roles related to the theater over his life.\n\n", "Q95691": "Richard Heinrich Ludwig M\u00fcnch (10 January 1916 \u2013 6 June 1987), better known as Richard M\u00fcnch, was a German actor, best known for portraying Alfred Jodl in Patton (1970). He also portrayed General Erich Marcks in The Longest Day (1962).\n\n", "Q237266": "Caterina Davinio (born Maria Caterina Invidia; 25 November 1957, Foggia) is an Italian poet, novelist and new media artist. She is the author of works of digital art, net.art, video art and was the creator of Italian Net-poetry in 1998.", "Q28310": "Scott Edward Adkins (born 17 June 1976) is a British actor, producer, screenwriter and martial artist. He has played Russian prison fighter Yuri Boyka in the 2006 film Undisputed II: Last Man Standing and its two sequels, Undisputed III: Redemption (2010) and Boyka: Undisputed (2016); Casey Bowman in the 2009 film Ninja and its 2013 sequel Ninja: Shadow of a Tear; and has appeared in Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning, Doctor Strange, The Bourne Ultimatum, The Expendables 2 and Zero Dark Thirty.\n\nHe played the main villains in Wolf Warrior and Ip Man 4 and a supporting villain in Doctor Strange.\n\n", "Q180272": "Gary Alan Sinise (; born March 17, 1955) is an American actor, director, musician, producer and philanthropist. Among other awards, he has won an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a star on Hollywood Walk of Fame and was nominated for an Academy Award.Sinise first starred in a film when he directed, produced, and played George Milton in Of Mice and Men, based on the novel by John Steinbeck. His subsequent roles include Lieutenant Dan Taylor in Forrest Gump (1994), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, Harry S. Truman in Truman (1995), for which he won a Golden Globe, Ken Mattingly in Apollo 13 (1995) and Detective Jimmy Shaker in Ransom (1996).\nSinise has appeared in other films including The Green Mile (1999) and Impostor (2002). On television, he has played Detective Mac Taylor in the CBS series CSI: NY (2004\u201313), Sid in Frasier and George C. Wallace in the television film George Wallace (for which he won an Emmy). From 2016 to 2017, Sinise starred as Special Agent Jack Garrett in Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders. He is a supporter of various veteran organizations and founded the Lt. Dan Band who play at military bases around the world.", "Q507854": "Karlstadt is a town in the Main-Spessart district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany. It is the Main-Spessart district seat (Kreisstadt) and has a population of around 14,000.", "Q102503": "Robert Lembke (Robert Emil Weichselbaum) (born 17 September 1913 in Munich; died 14 January 1989) was a German television presenter and game show host.", "Q85482": "Alfred Maria Willner (11 July 1859 \u2013 27 October 1929) was an Austrian writer, philosopher, musicologist, composer and librettist.", "Q71265": "Werner Stengel (born 22 August 1936 in Bochum) is a German roller coaster designer and engineer. Stengel is the founder of Stengel Engineering, also known as Ingenieurb\u00fcro Stengel GmbH (or Ingenieurbuero Stengel GmbH).\nStengel first worked on amusement park rides in collaboration with Anton Schwarzkopf in 1963. He established his own company, Stengel Engineering, in 1965. His collaboration with Schwarzkopf was responsible for many innovations in roller coaster design, including in 1976 the first modern \"vertical\" looping coaster, Revolution, at Six Flags Magic Mountain. (Arrow Dynamics had debuted the first modern \"corkscrew\" loop a year earlier at Knott's Berry Farm). His clothoid loop is now standard on many roller coasters, as it produces less intense forces on the human body than a circular vertical loop. In 1976 Stengel and Schwarzkopf established the first horizontal launch \"Shuttle Loop\". He is notable for being a pioneer in heartlining, the principle of having the track twist and rotate around the rider's heart line, rather than the track rotating around its own center.\nSince Schwarzkopf's retirement, Stengel has worked on most of the world's record-breaking roller coasters, including Son of Beast, Millennium Force, Superman The Ride, Top Thrill Dragster, Kingda Ka, Dollywood's Mystery Mine, El Toro, Maverick and Olympia Looping, the world's largest portable roller coaster, among many others. Seventy-two percent of the attractions on the 2004 Amusement Today Golden Ticket Awards list of the world's top fifty steel roller coasters were designed by Stengel Engineering.\nStengel received an honorary doctorate from Gothenburg University in 2005 for \"inexhaustible creativity in linking physics and design to the experience of the body in roller coasters and other rides,\" among the most highly regarded of which is Lisebergbanan at Liseberg park in Gothenburg, Sweden.\nIn 2002, he designed the \"Stengel Dive,\" the roller coaster element that bears his name, for Goliath at Walibi Holland, Netherlands.Stengel celebrated his 500th roller coaster with the opening of Maverick, located at Cedar Point.He is semi-retired and serves as a consultant to the amusement park ride industry.", "Q37230": "The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT). As one of the principal members of the United States Intelligence Community (IC), the CIA reports to the Director of National Intelligence and is primarily focused on providing intelligence for the President and Cabinet of the United States.\nUnlike the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which is a domestic security service, the CIA has no law enforcement function and is mainly focused on overseas intelligence gathering, with only limited domestic intelligence collection. Though it is not the only agency of the federal government of the United States specializing in HUMINT, the CIA serves as the national manager for coordination of HUMINT activities across the U.S. intelligence community. Moreover, the CIA is the only agency authorized by law to carry out and oversee covert action at the behest of the President. It exerts foreign political influence through its tactical divisions, such as the Special Activities Center. The CIA was also instrumental in establishing intelligence services in several U.S. allied countries, such as Germany's BND.\nBefore the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, the CIA Director concurrently served as the head of the Intelligence Community; today, the CIA is organized under the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). Despite transferring some of its powers to the DNI, the CIA has grown in size as a result of the September 11 attacks. In 2013, The Washington Post reported that in the fiscal year 2010, the CIA had the largest budget of all IC agencies, exceeding previous estimates.The CIA has increasingly expanded its role, including covert paramilitary operations. One of its largest divisions, the Information Operations Center (IOC), has shifted focus from counter-terrorism to offensive cyber-operations.", "Q741113": "Ustad Awalmir (Pashto: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u200e) (born May 08 1931 in Peshawar \u2013 died April 24, 1982 in Kabul, Afghanistan) was an ethnic Pashtun Afghan composer, musician, singer, and poet who wrote and sang in the Pashto language.He began learning music as a teen from various music teachers and began to perform for radio broadcasts. His first song was My Heart Has Broken To Pieces. At the age of 18, he performed at the Afghan Independence Day in Kabul.\nHe made a breakthrough into performing on the Afghan radio station with help from Malang Jan, a local poet. Awalmir's output consists of over 250 songs as well as a collection of self-composed songs. His contribution to Afghan music led him the honor of the title Ustad from the Ministry of Culture and Information.\nHis love and patriotism for Afghanistan is demonstrated in songs such as the famous \"Da Zamong Zeba Watan\", meaning \"this is our beautiful homeland\", referring to Afghanistan.", "Q727296": "Sami Kein\u00e4nen (born 13 May 1973 in Rovaniemi) is a Finnish bass player and a former and founding member of Lordi.\nUsing the stage name G-Stealer, Kein\u00e4nen played the bass in the band from 1996 to 1999 and recorded an album, Bend Over and Pray the Lord! with them. The album was released on September 3, 2012, as a part of the Scarchives Vol. 1. \nIn 1999 Kein\u00e4nen left the band, as he had gotten a job in Great Britain.As G-Stealer, he was a terrible manbeast from the star system Mu Arae, just like Kita. It was originally thought, that this beast could replace genes of creatures it encounters, so that its name would have been Gene Replacer. This was an inside joke about Kiss's bassist, Gene Simmons and as a band greatly influenced by Kiss, Kein\u00e4nen would in effect be Gene's replacer. It was, however, concluded that \"replacer\" sounded stupid and Gene couldn't really be replaced. In the end, the name was shortened to G-Stealer.", "Q333014": "Robert Earl Keen (born January 11, 1956) is an American singer-songwriter and entertainer. Debuting with 1984's No Kinda Dancer, the Houston native has recorded 18 full-length albums for both independent and major record labels. His songs have had cover versions recorded by several country, folk and Texas country music musicians, including George Strait, Joe Ely, Lyle Lovett, The Highwaymen, Nanci Griffith, and the Dixie Chicks.\nAlthough both his albums and live performances span many different styles, from folk, country, and bluegrass to rock, he is most commonly affiliated with the Americana genre. Keen has toured extensively both in the US and abroad throughout his career, and was inducted into the Texas Heritage Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2012 along with Lyle Lovett and the late Townes Van Zandt.", "Q61710": "Burkhard Christoph Graf von M\u00fcnnich (\u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0301\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0445, tr. Khrist\u00f3for Ant\u00f3novich Minikh; 19 May [O.S. 9] 1683 \u2013 27 October [O.S. 16] 1767) was a German general who became a field marshal and political figure in the Russian Empire. He was the major Russian Army reformer and founder of several elite military formations during the reign of Anna of Russia. As a statesman, he is regarded as the founder of Russian Philhellenism. M\u00fcnnich also was a hereditary engineer and a specialist in hydrotechnology. He had the grade of count of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.", "Q973590": "Vincent \"Vini\" Gerard Reilly (born 4 August 1953) is an English musician and leader of the post-punk group The Durutti Column.\n\n", "Q58191": "Vesna Pusi\u0107 (pronounced [\u028b\u025b\u0302sna p\u01d4\u02d0sit\u0255]; born 25 March 1953) is a Croatian sociologist and politician who served as a First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign and European Affairs in the centre-left Cabinet of Zoran Milanovi\u0107. She was Croatia's second female Foreign Minister taking the office after Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovi\u0107. She is known as outspoken liberal and an advocate of European integration, anti-fascism, gender equality and LGBT rights.\nAfter becoming involved in politics in the early 1990s, Pusi\u0107 served five consecutive terms as MP, having been elected to the Croatian Parliament in the 2000, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015 and 2016 parliamentary elections. She also ran in the 2009\u201310 presidential election, coming in fifth out of twelve candidates. During her 2008\u20132011 parliament term she chaired the parliamentary committee for tracking the progress of Croatia's accession negotiations with the European Union. She also held the post of Vice-President of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR).", "Q1074690": "Chirayu Isarangkun Na Ayuthaya (\u0e08\u0e34\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e38 \u0e2d\u0e34\u0e28\u0e23\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e39\u0e23 \u0e13 \u0e2d\u0e22\u0e38\u0e18\u0e22\u0e32, RTGS: Chirayu Itsarangkun Na Ayutthaya, Thai pronunciation: [t\u0361\u0255\u00ec\u0294ra\u02d0j\u00fa\u0294 \u0294\u00ects\u00e0\u0294ra\u02d0\u014bku\u02d0n n\u00e1\u0294 \u0294\u00e0\u0294j\u00fatt\u02b0\u00e1\u0294ja\u02d0]; born 12 November 1944) is a Thai economist and court official. He has been the Director-General of the Crown Property Bureau and Grand Chamberlain of the Bureau of the Royal Household since 1987 and become Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household in the end of 2016. Chirayu is an avowed proponent of the \"sufficiency economy\" philosophy that is promoted by King Bhumibol Adulyadej.", "Q231171": "Queen Fabiola of Belgium (born Do\u00f1a Fabiola de Mora y Arag\u00f3n; 11 June 1928 \u2013 5 December 2014) was Queen of the Belgians from her marriage to King Baudouin in 1960 until his death in 1993. The couple had no children, so the Crown passed to her husband's younger brother, King Albert II.", "Q240788": "Edme-Fran\u00e7ois Jomard (French: [\u0292\u0254ma\u0281]; 1777 \u2013 September 22, 1862) was a French cartographer, engineer, and archaeologist. He edited the Description de L'\u00c9gypte and was a member of the Institut d'Egypte established by Napoleon. He supervised the educational and cultural mission sent to France from Egypt by Muhammad Ali of Egypt.", "Q778792": "RSO Records was a record label formed by rock and roll and musical theatre impresario Robert Stigwood and record executive Al Coury in 1973. The \"RSO\" stands for the Robert Stigwood Organisation. The company's main headquarters were at 67 Brook Street, in London's Mayfair. It underwent four distribution stages: by Atlantic Records from March 1973 to December 1975, by Polydor Records from January 1976 to December 1977, as an independent label under the PolyGram Group umbrella from January 1978 to around October 1981, and finally by PolyGram Records from around November 1981 until the label's end in 1983.RSO managed the careers of several superstars (Bee Gees, Yvonne Elliman, Eric Clapton, Andy Gibb), and, as a record label, released the soundtracks to Fame, Sparkle, The Empire Strikes Back, Return of the Jedi, Times Square, Grease (over 30 million copies sold worldwide), Grease 2 and Saturday Night Fever (over 35 million copies sold worldwide). The release of Grease and Saturday Night Fever made RSO one of the most financially successful labels of the 1970s.\nThe financial success of the independent label was exceeded by successes on the pop charts never before seen by the recording industry. By one point in 1978, the label boasted an unprecedented sixth consecutive number-one single on the Billboard (US) pop charts, holding the top spot for 21 consecutive weeks. With singles releases from the Grease album (\"You're the One That I Want\", and the title track) and another huge Andy Gibb smash (\"Shadow Dancing\"), RSO would log a further 10 weeks at the number 1 position, giving the label a record nine in one calendar year. This feat remains unduplicated by any record label to date. It also released a one-off single that summer by Paul Jones, featuring orchestrated ballad-style versions of two punk classics, \"Pretty Vacant\" and \"Sheena Is a Punk Rocker\".\nAs well as the label was operating in 1978, the disastrous commercial and critical failure of RSO's movie version of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band crippled the company. The woes of this failure were only somewhat offset by the middle of 1979, as the Bee Gees album Spirits Having Flown went on to eventually sell nearly 20 million copies (with the album producing three further number 1 singles that each sold more than one million copies in their own right).\nIn 1980, the label's most famous act, the Bee Gees, filed a $200 million lawsuit against both RSO and Stigwood, claiming mismanagement, which was met with Stigwood's own $310 million countersuit alleging libel, defamation of character and extortion. It is still considered to be the largest successful lawsuit against a record company by an artist or group. The lawsuit was subsequently settled for an undisclosed amount, and after a public reconciliation, the band remained with the label until its dissolution.\nBy 1981, Stigwood had ended his involvement with the label, which was absorbed into PolyGram a few years later. All previous RSO releases were later re-released under Polydor's label, which is now owned by Universal Music Group. Reissues from Polydor are distributed in the U.S. by sister label Island Records.\nThe Star Wars soundtracks would pass through several hands before ultimately ending up with Sony Classical in the 90s and finally Walt Disney Records after Disney's purchase of Lucasfilm Ltd., while the Bee Gees catalog reverted to the Gibb family, who set up a new distribution arrangement with Warner's Reprise Records, which reissued their albums and the Saturday Night Fever soundtrack until 2016, when the Bee Gees signed a deal with Universal's Capitol Records.", "Q152452": "Karl Gunnar Myrdal ( MUR-dahl, MEER-, Swedish: [\u02c8\u0261\u0275\u030cn\u02d0ar \u02c8my\u030c\u02d0\u0256\u0251\u02d0l]; 6 December 1898 \u2013 17 May 1987) was a Swedish economist and sociologist. In 1974, he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Friedrich Hayek for \"their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena.\" He is best known in the United States for his study of race relations, which culminated in his book An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. The study was influential in the 1954 landmark U.S. Supreme Court Decision Brown v. Board of Education. In Sweden, his work and political influence were important to the establishment of the Folkhemmet and the welfare state.", "Q99915": "Jakob Heller (c. 1460, Frankfurt am Main \u2014 28 January 1522, Frankfurt am Main) was a German patrician, politician, and merchant. He served as Senior B\u00fcrgermeister of the Free City of Frankfurt in 1501 and 1513. Heller is best remembered today as a patron of the arts, as he commissioned the Heller Altarpiece from Albrecht D\u00fcrer and Matthias Gr\u00fcnewald, and a large sculpture of the crucifixion from Hans Backoffen.", "Q64668": "Reigoldswil is a municipality in the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.", "Q543970": "Lilli Suburg (1 August [O.S. 20 July] 1841 in R\u00f5usa Manor \u2013 8 February 1923 in Valga) was an Estonian journalist, writer and feminist. In 1882, she established a private primary school for Estonian girls in P\u00e4rnu, in 1885 she moved it to Viljandi where the number of pupils expanded. In 1887\u20131894, she founded and began publishing the first women's magazine in Estonia, Linda. When forced to sell her journal, Suburg moved to Latvia and headed a school there until 1907.", "Q86835": "Bettina R\u00f6hl (born 21 September 1962) is a German journalist and author. She is best known for her writings about student radicalism of the 1960s and the terrorist kidnappings that it spawned in West Germany during the early 1970s. R\u00f6hl has written extensively about the former Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer's time as a leftwing militant leader. She has also researched and written at length about her own mother, the journalist and Red Army Faction terrorist Ulrike Meinhof. Her assessments of the violence associated with the Red Army Faction in the 1970s are at times insightful and intensely critical.", "Q110661": "Rudolf Dr\u00f6\u00dfler (born 18 May 1934 in Zeitz) is a German specialized book author and science-journalist.\nRudolf Dr\u00f6\u00dfler spent his childhood in the German city Zeitz, where he made his general qualification for university entrance in 1952. He studied Germanistics as well as Astronomy in Leipzig till 1956. After that he was teacher at the \"Geschwister-Scholl\"-school in Zeitz for several years.\nBesides his job-related activities, he pursued archaeological and historical studies. During his complementary activities as memorial curator, he acquired a large amount of knowledge for his later activities and works.\nAfter his first successful books, he became known as a freelance science journalist and specialized book author for astronomy, archeology and cultural history since 1975.\nIn doing so he dealt critically with astrology and other pseudoscience.\nAlso he wrote some theater plays and other works of regional importance. In 1988 Rudolf Dr\u00f6\u00dfler published a biographical novel about the great Swiss archaeologist Otto Hauser, who was involved in the conflict between Germany and France in the time of World War I.\nIn addition he administers the \"Wissenschaftliche Privatsammlung 'Otto Hauser'\" together with Manuela Freyberg.\nFrom 1991 till 1997, Rudolf Dr\u00f6\u00dfler was the town clerk for his home town, Zeitz.", "Q273342": "Marianne Denicourt (born 14 May 1963) is a French actress, director and screenwriter who has appeared in more than 50 films and television productions since 1986.\nShe studied under Patrice Ch\u00e9reau in 1985-86 at the Ecole du Th\u00e9\u00e2tre des Amandiers in the western Paris suburb of Nanterre.", "Q62219": "Hussein Mahmoud Hassan el-Shafei, (Egyptian Arabic: \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u200e), also known as Hussein el-Shafei (8 February 1918 \u2013 18 November 2005), was a member of Egypt's 1952 revolutionary leadership council and served as Vice-president under two Egyptian presidents, Gamal Abdel Nasser and Anwar Sadat. He was one of the nine men who had constituted themselves as the committee of the Free Officers Movement, led the country's cavalry corps during the uprising and was one of only three living members of the Revolutionary Command Council at the time of his death.", "Q1026868": "California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona, CPP, or Cal Poly) is a public polytechnic university in Pomona, California. It is one of two polytechnic universities in the California State University system.\nCal Poly Pomona began as the southern campus of the California Polytechnic School (today known as Cal Poly San Luis Obispo) in 1938 when the Voorhis School for Boys and its adjacent farm in the city of San Dimas were donated by Charles Voorhis and his son Jerry Voorhis. Cal Poly's southern campus grew further in 1949 when the University of California, W.K. Kellogg Institute also known as W.K. Kellogg Institute of Animal Husbandry\u2014University of California, Pomona in the neighboring city of Pomona, which had belonged to Will Keith Kellogg, was acquired from the University of California. Cal Poly Pomona, then known as Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis, and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo continued operations under a unified administrative control until they became independent from one another in 1966.\nCal Poly Pomona currently offers bachelor's degrees in 94 majors, 39 master's degrees, 13 teaching credentials and a doctorate across 9 distinct academic colleges. The university is one among a small group of polytechnic universities in the United States which tend to be primarily devoted to the instruction of technical arts and applied sciences.\nIts sports teams are known as the Cal Poly Pomona Broncos and play in the NCAA Division II as part of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The Broncos sponsor 10 varsity sports and have won 14 NCAA national championships. Current and former Cal Poly Pomona athletes have won 7 Olympic medals (3 gold, 1 silver, and 3 bronze).", "Q88818": "Axel Constantin August Eggebrecht (January 10, 1899 \u2013 July 14, 1991) was a German journalist, writer and screenwriter.", "Q3624485": "Gaius Julius Archelaus Antiochus Epiphanes, also known as Julius Archelaus Epiphanes; Epiphanes; Gaius Julius Antiochus Epiphanes or simply known as Gaius (Greek: \u0393\u03ac\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f38\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f08\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f18\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2, 38-92 AD) was an influential prince of the Kingdom of Commagene, who lived in the 1st century.", "Q1066294": "Arista Nashville is an American record label that serves as a wholly owned division of Sony Music, operated under the Sony Music Nashville division. Founded in 1989, the label specializes in country music artists, including Alan Jackson, Brooks & Dunn, Brad Paisley, and Carrie Underwood. The label used to operate three sister labels: Career Records, Arista Austin, and Arista Latin. It is a subsidiary of Arista Records since Arista's relaunch in 2018, but during the dissolution, Arista Nashville was not affected and it remains a Sony Music label.", "Q1528318": "Giuseppe Ferlendis (1755\u20131810) was an Italian oboist and composer. In 1777, he was appointed oboist at the Court Chapel of Salzburg, with a yearly stipend of 540 florins (higher than that of Mozarts by 40 florins). He died in Lisbon. His brother Pietro and his nephews Gerardo, Faustino and Antonio were all professional oboists.", "Q54973": "How I Unleashed World War II (Polish Jak rozp\u0119ta\u0142em drug\u0105 wojn\u0119 \u015bwiatow\u0105) is a Polish feature film made in 1969, based on Kazimierz S\u0142awi\u0144ski's novel \"Przygody kanoniera Dolasa\" (The adventures of Dolas the cannoneer). It was shot in Sochi, Baku, Po\u015bwi\u0119tne and \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, among other places.\nThe film was divided into three parts:\n\nCz\u0119\u015b\u0107 I: Ucieczka (Part I: The escape)\nCz\u0119\u015b\u0107 II: Za broni\u0105 (Part II: Following the arms)\nCz\u0119\u015b\u0107 III: W\u015br\u00f3d swoich (Part III: Among friends)Originally black and white, it was digitally colorized in 2001 by the Hollywood company Dynacs Digital Studios, as requested by the Studio Filmowe \"Oko\" and TV Polsat.The movie tells the story of a Polish soldier Franciszek Dolas, who - as a result of comical coincidences - is convinced that he started the Second World War. Trying to redeem himself at all costs, he constantly gets into new trouble. In doing so, he finds himself on different war fronts (Yugoslavia, Mediterranean Sea, Middle East, Italy) and eventually returns to Poland.", "Q243295": "Luis Ramiro Barrag\u00e1n Morf\u00edn (March 9, 1902 \u2013 November 22, 1988) was a Mexican architect and engineer. His work has influenced contemporary architects visually and conceptually. Barrag\u00e1n's buildings are frequently visited by international students and professors of architecture. He studied as an engineer in his home town, while undertaking the entirety of additional coursework to obtain the title of architect.Barrag\u00e1n won the Pritzker Prize, the highest award in architecture, in 1980, and his personal home, the Luis Barrag\u00e1n House and Studio, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004.", "Q347781": "Hubertus Petrus Maria \"Ben\" Knapen (born 6 January 1951) is a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and historian. He has been a Member of the Senate since 9 June 2015. Starting from June 2019 he is the CDA parliamentary leader in the Senate.", "Q118229": "Robert Haab (8 August 1865 \u2013 15 October 1939) was a Swiss politician.\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 13 December 1917 and handed over office on 31 December 1929. He was affiliated to the Free Democratic Party.\nDuring his office time he held the Department of Posts and Railways and was President of the Confederation in 1922, winning by a slim majority of 163 to 154, and again 1929.", "Q331617": "Enter the Dragon is a 1973 martial arts film produced by and starring Bruce Lee. The film, which co-stars John Saxon and Jim Kelly, was directed by Robert Clouse. It would be Bruce Lee's final completed film appearance before his death on 20 July 1973 at age 32. A joint American and Hong Kong production, it premiered in Los Angeles on 19 August 1973, one month after Lee's death and went on to gross US$90 million worldwide, equivalent to US$518 million adjusted for inflation.\nEnter the Dragon is widely regarded as one of the greatest martial arts films of all time. In 2004, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". Among the first films to combine martial arts action with the emerging Blaxploitation genre, its success led to a series of similar productions combining both genres.\nIts themes have also generated scholarly debate about how they reflect the changes taking place within post-colonial Asian societies following the end of World War II. Enter the Dragon was highly influential on global popular culture, leading to mainstream worldwide interest in martial arts as well as inspiring numerous fictional works including action films, television shows, fighting games, comic books, manga and anime.", "Q459096": "Fort Worth International Airport may refer to:\n\nFort Worth Meacham International Airport\nDallas/Fort Worth International Airport", "Q86821": "Hellmuth Guido Alexander Heye (9 August 1895 \u2013 10 November 1970) was a German admiral in World War II and politician in post-war Germany. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.", "Q1686891": "Jenkins \"Tex\" Carman (May 14, 1903 \u2013 February 2, 1968) was a country music singer and musician active from the 1910s to the 1960s known for playing the Hawaiian Guitar.\nBorn in Hardinsburg, Kentucky in 1903 and although Carman often claimed to be of Cherokee heritage there is no record of such listed with the Cherokee Nation of North Carolina where Carman's family are known to have originated. As a youth, Carman learned basic guitar as well as singing with a vocal quartet and was touring the local medicine show and vaudeville circuit. He recorded a single as a solo act in 1929 for Gennett Records which was not released.Carman continued on as a solo act and with a sister touring and performing on the radio into the 1930s in Louisville, Kentucky and St. Louis, Missouri. During this time he met Frank Plada, a Hawaiian Guitar player who had made popular recordings for Gennett in the 1920s who introduced Carman to the instrument.Carman's musical abilities were rather limited, consisting of simple single-note runs repeated with little attention given to a steady rhythm or conventional time keeping. Carman's sloppiness was made worse by his heavy drinking and he often did not bother to tune his guitar. His singing voice was similarly ragged, having a nasal twang and limited range. In spite of his musical limitations Carman remained popular with audiences due to his distinctive sound, easy going charm and humor.\nCarman continued to tour, now as a solo act, for the rest of the 1940s and made his way west to Pasadena, California by end of the decade where he appeared on the radio on the NBC show Town Hall Party, as well as making a few solo recordings for Four Star Records. Carman also performed on the new medium of television. Carman learned showmanship from his vaudeville days, dressing in flamboyant cowboy outfits and calling himself Tex, at other times wearing an Indian headdress. He became a popular performer on television, appearing on shows \"Town Hall Party with Tex Ritter and Johnny Bond and \"Hometown Jamboree with Cliffie Stone. Stone introduced Carman to Capitol Records scout Ken Nelson who signed him to a contract in 1951. Carman would make numerous recordings for Capitol with some success for the rest of the decade.\nThe material recorded for Capitol ranged from Carman's preferred Hawaiian themed songs like \"Hillbilly Hula\", \"Hilo March\", and \"Samoa Stomp\" to sentimental ballads (many written by Carman) as well as a modern covers chosen by Ken Nelson who produced the sessions; \"I Could Love You Darling\" (originally done by Hank Locklin and a version of \"Dixie Cannonball\" originally done by Gene Autry and Red Foley. Carman included a novelty song with a version of \"When The Caissons Go Rolling Along\" (ALA \"The Army Goes Rolling Along\") during which he imitated various sound effects on the fretboard. This was a particular audience favorite.\nWhile Carman had previously performed solo Nelson insisted on a session band including veterans including at various times Joe Maphis (electric guitar and banjo), Jimmy Bryant (electric guitar), Cliffie Stone (bass), Eddie Kirk (guitar), Jimmy Pruett (piano) and Harold Hensley (fiddle). The band had trouble adapting to playing with Carman who was not used to playing with other musicians. Carman's unwillingness to stay to a steady beat or regular chord changes left band members scrambling to keep track of the songs. These problems were exacerbated by Carman's heavy drinking and lack of rehearsals some which shows in the quality of some of the singles. Carman's drinking was in turn exacerbated by his nervousness about recording and some sessions had to be cancelled. There were five recording sessions between 1951 and 1953 resulting in twenty singles, of which five were not released.\nAfter his contract with Capitol was up Carman recorded an album for the small Sage & Sand label called \"The Ole Indian\" the cover of which showed Carman in an Indian headdress. For the rest of the 1950s, he returned to appearing on radio and television in California including regular guest spots on \"Cal's Corral\" hosted by used car salesman Cal Worthington. By the mid-1960s Carman returned to Kentucky where he continued to make television and radio appearances until his death aged 64.\nJames Lien has written that Carman \"may have been country music's Andy Kaufman.\"", "Q24258": "Visions of Light is a 1992 documentary film directed by Arnold Glassman, Todd McCarthy and Stuart Samuels. The film is also known as Visions of Light: The Art of Cinematography.The film covers the art of cinematography since the conception of cinema at the turn of the 20th century. Many filmmakers and cinematographers present their views and discuss why the art of cinematography is important within the craft of filmmaking.", "Q160392": "Nicole Evangeline Lilly (born 3 August 1979) is a Canadian actress and author. She gained popular acclaim for her first leading role as Kate Austen in the ABC series Lost (2004\u20132010), which garnered her a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series and won her a Screen Actors Guild Award. In 2008, Lilly starred as Connie James in the Academy Award-winning war film The Hurt Locker (2008) and followed it with a role in the science fiction film Real Steel (2011).\nLilly starred as Tauriel in The Hobbit film series, appearing in The Desolation of Smaug (2013) and The Battle of the Five Armies (2014). Since 2015, she has portrayed Hope van Dyne / Wasp in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, starring in Ant-Man (2015), Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019).\nLilly is also the author of the ongoing children's book series The Squickerwonkers (2013\u2013present), which is planned to include two different series of nine books each.", "Q109324": "Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is an American actor. Lloyd came to public attention in Northeastern theater productions during the 1960s and early 1970s, earning Drama Desk and Obie awards for his work. He made his cinematic debut in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), and he gained widespread recognition as Jim Ignatowski in the comedy series Taxi (1978\u20131983), for which he won two Emmy Awards. Lloyd also starred as Commander Kruge in Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, Emmett \"Doc\" Brown in the Back to the Future trilogy, Judge Doom in Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), and Uncle Fester in The Addams Family (1991) and its sequel Addams Family Values (1993).\nLloyd earned a third Emmy for his 1992 guest appearance in Road to Avonlea, and won an Independent Spirit Award for his performance in Twenty Bucks (1993). He has done extensive voice work, including Merlock in DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp (1990), Grigori Rasputin in Anastasia (1997), the Woodsman in the Cartoon Network miniseries Over the Garden Wall (2014), and the Hacker in PBS Kids series Cyberchase (2002\u2013present), which earned him two further Emmy nominations. Lloyd has also been nominated for two Saturn Awards and a BIFA Award.", "Q436451": "Ruth P Sheen (born 1950, Stepney, London) is an English actress.Born in Stepney, London, Sheen began her career training at the East 15 Acting School, and has appeared regularly on British television and in British films since 1988. On television she played Maureen Tacy in the series Doc Martin (2002) and had recurring roles as Nanny Simmons in Berkeley Square (1998) and Nurse Ethel Carr in the series Bramwell (1995\u201398). She also appeared as four different characters in six episodes of The Bill between 1989 and 2004.\nIn the 1995 film The Young Poisoner's Handbook, she played the part of Molly. \nSheen has appeared in six Mike Leigh films: Mr. Turner (2014); in the female lead role of Shirley in High Hopes (1988); as Laughing Woman in Secrets & Lies (1996); as Maureen in All or Nothing (2002); as Lily in Vera Drake (2004); and as Gerri in Another Year (2010). Her role in High Hopes won her the Best Actress award at the 1989 European Film Awards.In 2007, she played the role of Lyn, opposite Ben Whishaw's Steven, in the world premiere of Philip Ridley's stage play Leaves of Glass at the Soho Theatre, London. Also in 2007, she appeared in the TV mini-series drama Fanny Hill, based on the erotic novel by John Cleland, in the role of Mrs Jones. She also played the mother of Jim Sturgess's character, Jamie, in Philip Ridley's 2009 feature film Heartless. She appeared in the films Run Fatboy Run (2007) and Welcome to the Punch (2013), and was the titular Elizabeth in \"The Trial of Elizabeth Gadge\", a 2015 episode of Inside No. 9. In 2016 she played Elsie in the hit film adaptation of A Street Cat Named Bob.", "Q337266": "Academia Sinica (AS, Latin: Academia Sinica, lit. 'Chinese Academy'; Chinese: \u4e2d\u592e\u784f\u7a76\u9662; literally: 'Central Research Academy'), headquartered in Nangang District, Taipei, is the national academy of the Republic of China (Taiwan). It supports research activities in a wide variety of disciplines, ranging from mathematical and physical sciences, to life sciences, and to humanities and social sciences. As an educational institute, it provides PhD training and scholarship through its English-language Taiwan International Graduate Program in biology, agriculture, chemistry, physics, informatics, and earth and environmental sciences. Academia Sinica is ranked 144th in Nature Publishing Index - 2014 Global Top 200 and 22nd in Reuters World's Most Innovative Research Institutions. The current president since 2016 is James C. Liao, an expert in metabolic engineering, systems biology and synthetic biology.", "Q12932": "Olivier Besancenot (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0254.li.vje b\u0259.z\u0251\u0303s.no]); born 18 April 1974) is a French far-left political figure and trade unionist, and the founding main spokesperson of the New Anticapitalist Party (Nouveau parti anticapitaliste, NPA) from 2009 to 2011.\nHe was a candidate for the 2007 French presidential election, for the Ligue communiste r\u00e9volutionnaire (LCR), the French section of the Fourth International. He gained 1.2 million votes, 4.25%, standing as a revolutionary socialist in the 2002 presidential elections. In the first round of the 2007 presidential election, Besancenot received 4.08% of the vote, just short of 1.5 million votes, placing him fifth and eliminating him from the race.\nIn May 2011, Besancenot announced that he would not be standing in the 2012 presidential election. He was succeeded as main spokesperson of the NPA by Myriam Martin, who later left the NPA to found Gauche Anticapitaliste (Anticapitalist Left), and Christine Poupin, joined by Philippe Poutou, who was the NPA presidential candidate in 2012.", "Q275727": "Lynne Dawson (born 3 June 1956) is an English soprano. She came to great prominence through her performance as a soloist in Libera me from Verdi's Requiem with the BBC Singers at Princess Diana's funeral in September 1997. Lynne Dawson has recorded over seventy-five CDs and has a varied concert and operatic repertoire.", "Q54967": "Brunet wieczorow\u0105 por\u0105 (English: Brunet Will Call, literally 'Dark-haired man at evening time') is a comedy film directed by Stanis\u0142aw Bareja from 1976.", "Q617433": "Syracuse University (Syracuse, 'Cuse, or SU) is a private research university in Syracuse, New York. The institution's roots can be traced to the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, founded in 1831 by the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima, New York. After several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse, the university was established in 1870, independent of the college. Since 1920, the university has identified itself as nonsectarian, although it maintains a relationship with The United Methodist Church.The campus is in the University Hill neighborhood of Syracuse, east and southeast of downtown, on one of the larger hills. Its large campus features an eclectic mix of buildings, ranging from nineteenth-century Romanesque Revival structures to contemporary buildings. SU is organized into 13 schools and colleges, with nationally recognized programs in information studies and library science, architecture, communications, business administration, inclusive education and wellness, sport management, public administration, engineering and the College of Arts and Sciences.\nSyracuse University athletic teams, known as the Orange, participate in 20 intercollegiate sports. SU is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, or ACC for all NCAA Division I athletics, except for the men's rowing and women's ice hockey teams. SU is also a member of the Eastern College Athletic Conference.", "Q439762": "Mihail Gerdzhikov (Bulgarian: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0413\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432) was a Bulgarian revolutionary and anarchist.\nHe was born in Plovdiv, then in the Ottoman Empire, in 1877. He studied at the French College in Plovdiv, where he received the nickname Michel. As a student in 1893 he started his revolutionary activities as the leader of a Macedonian Secret Revolutionary Committee (MSRC). Later Gerdzhikov studied in Switzerland (Lausanne and Geneva), where he made close connections with the revolutionary immigration and established the so-called Geneva group, an extension of MSRC.\nGerdzhikov was under strong anarchist influence and rejected the nationalism of the ethnic minorities in the Ottoman Empire, favouring alliances with ordinary Muslim people against the Sultanate and the idea about a Balkan Federation. In 1899 he came back to the Balkans and worked as a teacher in Bitola. Gerdzhikov became a member of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization and a close friend of Gotse Delchev. He was the mastermind and leader of the peasant Preobrazhenie Uprising in July 1903, a revolt against the Ottoman authorities in Thrace. Gerdzhikov's forces, about 2,000 strong and poorly armed, managed to establish a \u201cStrandzha commune\u201d. In 1919 the Federation of Anarchist Communists of Bulgaria (FAKB) was founded at a congress opened by Gerdzhikov. In 1925 he was among the founders of IMRO (United) in Vienna.\nGerdzhikov had invested high hopes in the new Socialist system after 1944, but was soon disappointed by the newly established regime. He died in 1947 in Sofia.", "Q526130": "Crystal Fighters are an English-Spanish electronic music band, formed in 2007, in London, England, and in Navarre, Spain. Their debut album, Star of Love, was released in October 2010 in the UK and was released in the US through Atlantic Records in April 2012. Their second album entitled Cave Rave was released on 27 May 2013 and their third, Everything Is My Family was released on 21 October 2016. Their latest album titled Gaia & Friends was released on 1 March 2019.", "Q40912": "Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 \u2013 May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150 million records worldwide.Born to Italian immigrants in Hoboken, New Jersey, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey. Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\". He released his debut album, The Voice of Frank Sinatra, in 1946. But by the early 1950s his professional career had stalled and he turned to Las Vegas, where he became one of its best known residency performers as part of the Rat Pack. His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of From Here to Eternity, with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Sinatra released several critically lauded albums, including In the Wee Small Hours (1955), Songs for Swingin' Lovers! (1956), Come Fly with Me (1958), Only the Lonely (1958) and Nice 'n' Easy (1960).\nSinatra left Capitol in 1960 to start his own record label, Reprise Records, and released a string of successful albums. In 1965, he recorded the retrospective album, September of My Years and starred in the Emmy-winning television special Frank Sinatra: A Man and His Music. After releasing Sinatra at the Sands, recorded at the Sands Hotel and Casino in Vegas with frequent collaborator Count Basie in early 1966, the following year he recorded one of his most famous collaborations with Tom Jobim, the album Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim. It was followed by 1968's Francis A. & Edward K. with Duke Ellington. Sinatra retired for the first time in 1971, but came out of retirement two years later. He recorded several albums and resumed performing at Caesars Palace, and released \"New York, New York\" in 1980. Using his Las Vegas shows as a home base, he toured both within the United States and internationally until shortly before his death in 1998.\nSinatra forged a highly successful career as a film actor. After winning an Academy Award for From Here to Eternity, he starred in The Man with the Golden Arm (1955), and received critical acclaim for his performance in The Manchurian Candidate (1962). He appeared in various musicals such as On the Town (1949), Guys and Dolls (1955), High Society (1956), and Pal Joey (1957), winning another Golden Globe for the latter. Toward the end of his career, he became associated with playing detectives, including the title character in Tony Rome (1967). Sinatra would later receive the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1971. On television, The Frank Sinatra Show began on ABC in 1950, and he continued to make appearances on television throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Sinatra was also heavily involved with politics from the mid-1940s, and actively campaigned for presidents such as Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan. Sinatra was investigated by the FBI for his alleged relationship with the Mafia.\nWhile Sinatra never learned how to read music, he worked very hard from a young age to improve his abilities in all aspects of music. A perfectionist, renowned for his dress sense and performing presence, he always insisted on recording live with his band. His bright blue eyes earned him the popular nickname \"Ol' Blue Eyes\". Sinatra led a colorful personal life, and was often involved in turbulent affairs with women, such as with his second wife Ava Gardner. He later married Mia Farrow in 1966 and Barbara Marx in 1976. Sinatra had several violent confrontations, usually with journalists he felt had crossed him, or work bosses with whom he had disagreements. He was honored at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983, was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1985, and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997. Sinatra was also the recipient of eleven Grammy Awards, including the Grammy Trustees Award, Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He was collectively included in Time magazine's compilation of the 20th century's 100 most influential people. After Sinatra's death, American music critic Robert Christgau called him \"the greatest singer of the 20th century\", and he continues to be seen as an iconic figure.", "Q49088": "Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private Ivy League research university in New York City. Established in 1754 on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan, Columbia is the oldest institution of higher education in New York and the fifth-oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. It is one of nine colonial colleges founded prior to the Declaration of Independence, seven of which belong to the Ivy League. Columbia is ranked among the top ten universities in the world. Columbia was established as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain in reaction to the founding of Princeton University. It was renamed Columbia College in 1784 following the American Revolution, and in 1787 was placed under a private board of trustees headed by former students Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. In 1896, the campus was moved to its current location in Morningside Heights and renamed Columbia University.Columbia is organized into twenty schools, including three undergraduate schools and numerous graduate schools. The university's research efforts include the Lamont\u2013Doherty Earth Observatory, Goddard Institute for Space Studies and accelerator laboratories with major technology firms such as IBM. Columbia is a founding member of the Association of American Universities and was the first school in the United States to grant the M.D. degree. Columbia scientists and scholars have played an important role in scientific breakthroughs including: brain-computer interface; the laser and maser; nuclear magnetic resonance; the first nuclear pile; the first nuclear fission reaction in the Americas; the first evidence for plate tectonics and continental drift; and much of the initial research and planning for the Manhattan Project during World War II.\nIn 2020, Columbia's undergraduate acceptance rate was 6.1%, making it one of the most selective colleges in the United States. The university's endowment stood at $10.9 billion in 2019, among the largest of any academic institution. As of 2018, Columbia's alumni and affiliates include: five Founding Fathers of the United States\u2014among them an author of the United States Constitution and a co-author of the Declaration of Independence; three U.S. presidents; 29 foreign heads of state; ten justices of the United States Supreme Court, two of whom currently serve; 96 Nobel laureates; 101 National Academy members; 53 living billionaires; eleven Olympic medalists; 33 Academy Award winners; and 125 Pulitzer Prize recipients.\n\n", "Q323213": "Seydou Kon\u00e9 (French pronunciation: \u200b[s\u025bdu k\u0254ne]; born January 1, 1953 in Dimbokro, N'Zi Region), better known by his stage name Alpha Blondy, is a Ivorian reggae singer and international recording artist. Many of his songs are politically and socially motivated, and are mainly sung in his native language of Dioula, French and in English, though he occasionally uses other languages, for example, Arabic or Hebrew.", "Q69358": "Samnaun (Romansh: Samignun) is a high Alpine village and a valley at the eastern end of Switzerland and a municipality in the Engiadina Bassa/Val M\u00fcstair Region in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden.", "Q241482": "50 First Dates is a 2004 American romantic comedy film directed by Peter Segal and starring Adam Sandler, Drew Barrymore, Rob Schneider, Sean Astin, Blake Clark, and Dan Aykroyd. It follows the story of Henry, a womanizing marine veterinarian who falls for an art teacher named Lucy. Realizing she has anterograde amnesia, he resolves to win her over again each new day. \nMost of the film was shot on location in Oahu, Hawaii on the Windward side and the North Shore. Sandler and Barrymore won an MTV award for Best On-Screen Team. The fictitious memory impairment suffered by Barrymore's character, \"Goldfield's Syndrome\", is similar to short-term memory loss and anterograde amnesia. 50 First Dates inspired a number of remakes overseas, including the 2014 Malayalam film Ormayundo Ee Mukham, the 2007 Telugu film Sathyabhama, and the 2018 Japanese film Fifty First Kisses.\n\n", "Q432637": "The George Washington University (GW or GWU) is a private research university in Washington, D.C. It was chartered in 1821 by an act of the United States Congress.\nThe university is organized into 14 colleges and schools, including the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, the Elliott School of International Affairs, the GW School of Business, the School of Media and Public Affairs, the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration, the GW Law School and the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design. George Washington's main Foggy Bottom Campus is located in the heart of Washington, D.C., with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank located on campus and the White House and the U.S. Department of State within blocks of campus. GWU hosts numerous research centers and institutes, including the National Security Archive and the Institute for International Economic Policy. GWU has two satellite campuses: the Mount Vernon Campus, located in D.C.'s Foxhall neighborhood and the Virginia Science and Technology Campus. It is the largest institution of higher education in the District of Columbia.\nGeorge Washington, the first President of the United States, advocated the establishment of a national university in the U.S. capital in his first State of the Union address in 1790 and continued to promote this idea throughout his career and until his death. In his will, Washington left shares in the Potomac Company to endow the university. However, due to the company's financial difficulties, funds were raised independently. On February 9, 1821, the university was founded by an Act of Congress, making it one of only five universities in the United States with a Congressional charter.George Washington offers degree programs in seventy-one disciplines, enrolling an average of 11,000 undergraduate and 15,500 post-graduate students from more than 130 countries. The Princeton Review ranked GWU 1st for \"Top Colleges or Universities for Internship Opportunities.\" As of 2015, George Washington had over 1,100 active alumni in the U.S. Foreign Service, one of the largest feeder schools for the diplomatic corps. GWU is consistently ranked by The Princeton Review in the top \"Most Politically Active\" Schools.\nGeorge Washington is home to extensive student life programs, a strong Greek culture, and over 450 other student organizations. The school's athletic teams, the George Washington Colonials, play in the Atlantic 10 Conference. GW is known for the numerous prominent events it holds yearly, from hosting U.S. presidential debates and academic symposiums to the being the host of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund's Annual Meetings in DC, since 2013.George Washington alumni, faculty and affiliates include numerous prominent politicians, including 16 heads of state or government, current U.S. Cabinet members, Fortune 500 CEOs, Nobel laureates, MacArthur fellows, Olympic athletes, Academy Award and Golden Globe winners, royalty, and Time 100 notables.", "Q76278": "Harald Deilmann (30 August 1920 \u2013 1 January 2008) was a German architect.\nBorn in Gladbeck, Westphalia, Deilmann was best known for his work on public spaces, such as opera houses and museums, throughout Germany and worldwide. He was a member of the Akademie der K\u00fcnste (Academy of the Arts) in Berlin, as well as the Deutsche Akademie f\u00fcr St\u00e4dtebau und Landesplanung (German Academy for Urban and Regional Planning) in Hanover, Germany.\nHe was an associate of Heinrich Bartmann (1951-1953) and joined the Architektenteam M\u00fcnster (Harald Deilmann, Max von Hausen, Ortwin Rave, Werner Ruhnau in the competition for the theater M\u00fcnster in 1953. He left the team before the opening of the theater M\u00fcnster to start his own office in 1956. He took part in the development of his home town M\u00fcnster in the time of the German Wirtschaftswunder 1950-1975. As a protagonist of postwar modernism he taught architecture at the Technical University Stuttgart and Dortmund.\nDeilmann officially retired in 1985 but continued to do freelance work until his death in M\u00fcnster.", "Q375055": "Benjamin Montmorency \"Benmont\" Tench III (born September 7, 1953) is an American musician and singer, best known as a founding member of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers.", "Q237514": "Laura Elizabeth Ingalls Wilder (February 7, 1867 \u2013 February 10, 1957) was an American writer known for the Little House on the Prairie series of children's books, published between 1932 and 1943, which were based on her childhood in a settler and pioneer family.During the 1970s and early 1980s, the television series Little House on the Prairie was loosely based on the Little House books, and starred Melissa Gilbert as Laura and Michael Landon as her father, Charles Ingalls.", "Q27751": "Gangster Squad is a 2013 American action crime film directed by Ruben Fleischer, written by Will Beall and starring Josh Brolin, Ryan Gosling, Nick Nolte, Emma Stone, Anthony Mackie, Giovanni Ribisi, Robert Patrick, Michael Pe\u00f1a and Sean Penn. Set in 1949, the plot is a fictionalized account of the LAPD officers and detectives called the \"Gangster Squad\" who attempt to keep Los Angeles safe from Mickey Cohen and his gang.\nAfter the script spent several years on the Black List, production of the film began in September 2011 around Los Angeles, lasting through December. The film was originally set to be theatrically released September 7, 2012, but in the wake of the 2012 Aurora, Colorado shooting, the film was pushed back to a January 11, 2013 release date by Warner Bros. in order to accommodate reshoots, which took place in August 2012.\nGangster Squad received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the cast and production values but criticized the thinly written characters, and grossed $105 million worldwide.\n\n", "Q1109135": "The College of Europe (French: Coll\u00e8ge d'Europe) is a postgraduate institute of European studies with its main campus in Bruges, Belgium and a smaller campus in Warsaw, Poland. The College of Europe in Bruges was founded in 1949 by leading historical European figures and founding fathers of the European Union, including Salvador de Madariaga, Winston Churchill, Paul-Henri Spaak and Alcide De Gasperi as one of the results of the 1948 Congress of Europe in The Hague to promote \"a spirit of solidarity and mutual understanding between all the nations of Western Europe and to provide elite training to individuals who will uphold these values\" and \"to train an elite of young executives for Europe\". The founders imagined the college as a place where Europe's future leaders could live and study together. It has the status of \"Institution of Public Interest\", operating according to Belgian law. The second campus in Natolin (Warsaw), Poland was opened in 1992. The College of Europe is historically linked to the establishment of the European Union and its predecessors, and to the creation of the European Movement International, of which the college is a supporting member.\nStudents are usually selected in cooperation with their countries' ministries of foreign affairs, and admission is highly competitive. The College of Europe is bilingual, and students must be proficient in English and French. Students receive an advanced master's degree (formerly called Diploma and Certificat) following a one-year programme. Traditionally, students specialise in either European Law, European Economic Studies, or European Political and Administrative Studies; in recent years, additional programmes have been created. For much of its history the college only admitted a small number of students, although the number has increased since the 1990s.\nAccording to The Times, the \"College of Europe, in the medieval Belgian city of Bruges, is to the European political elite what the Harvard Business School is to American corporate life. It is a hothouse where the ambitious and talented go to make contacts\". The Economist describes it as \"an elite finishing school for aspiring Eurocrats\". The Financial Times writes that \"the elite College of Europe in Bruges\" is \"an institution geared to producing crop after crop of graduates with a lifelong enthusiasm for EU integration\". Former European Commissioner for Education J\u00e1n Fige\u013e described the college as \"one of the most emblematic centres of European studies in the European Union\". The BBC has referred to it as \"the EU's very own Oxbridge\". The college has also been described as \"the leading place to study European affairs\" and as \"the elite training center for the European Union's political class\". RFE/RL has referred to the college as \"a Euro-federalist hot-spot\". The Global Mail has described its students as \"Europe's leaders-in-waiting\". The well-connected graduates of the college are sometimes referred to as the \"Bruges mafia;\" Schnabel and Rocca note that \"many of the most successful Commission staff members are also graduates of the elite College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium, which offers a one-year master's course in European studies, and whose graduates are said to form a 'Bruges Mafia.'\"Each academic year is named after a patron and referred to as a promotion. The academic year is opened by a leading European politician. The College of Europe shares several traditions with the \u00c9cole nationale d'administration (ENA) of France, but has a more European focus. Its alumni include the former Prime Minister of Denmark Helle Thorning-Schmidt, the former Prime Minister of Finland Alexander Stubb, the former British Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg as well as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Italy Enzo Moavero Milanesi, several of whom have also been professors at the college. Many of its alumni go on to serve as diplomats and senior civil servants in European institutions. In 2019 former President of the European Council Herman, Count Van Rompuy was appointed chairman of the board.\n\n", "Q77166": "Chlodwig Carl Viktor, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsf\u00fcrst, Prince of Ratibor and Corvey (German: Chlodwig Carl Viktor F\u00fcrst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsf\u00fcrst, Prinz von Ratibor und von Corvey) (31 March 1819 \u2013 6 July 1901), usually referred to as the Prince of Hohenlohe, was a German statesman, who served as Chancellor of Germany and Prime Minister of Prussia from 1894 to 1900. Prior to his appointment as Chancellor, he had served in a number of other positions, including as Prime Minister of Bavaria (1866\u20131870), German Ambassador to Paris (1873\u20131880), Foreign Secretary (1880) and Imperial Lieutenant of Alsace-Lorraine (1885\u20131894). He was regarded as one of the most prominent liberal politicians of his time in Germany.", "Q155329": "Count Sergei Yulyevich Witte (Russian: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u042e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0412\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0442\u0435, romanized: Serg\u00e9j J\u00fal'jevi\u010d Vitte, pronounced [\u02c8v\u02b2it\u0268]; 29 June [O.S. 17 June] 1849 \u2013 13 March [O.S. 28 February] 1915), also known as Sergius Witte, was a highly influential econometrician, minister, and prime minister in Imperial Russia, one of the key figures in the political arena at the end of 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century. He was made a count because of his service to the government in negotiations over the end of the Russo-Japanese War.\nWitte was neither a liberal nor a conservative. He attracted foreign capital to boost Russia's industrialization. He served under the last two emperors of Russia, Alexander III and Nicholas II. During the Russo-Turkish War (1877\u201378), he had risen to a position in which he controlled all the traffic passing to the front along the lines of the Odessa Railways. As Minister of Finance, Witte presided over extensive industrialization and achieved monopoly control by the government over an expanded system of railroad lines. \nFollowing months of civil unrest and outbreaks of violence, in what was known as the 1905 Russian Revolution, he framed the October Manifesto of 1905, and the accompanying government communication to establish constitutional government. He was not convinced it would solve Russia's problems with the Tsarist autocracy. On 20 October 1905 Witte was appointed as the first Chairman of the Russian Council of Ministers (effectively Prime Minister). Assisted by his Council, he designed Russia's first constitution. But within a few months, Witte fell into disgrace as a reformer because of continuing court opposition to these changes. He resigned before the First Duma assembled. Witte was fully confident that he had resolved the main problem: providing political stability to the regime, but according to him, the \"peasant problem\" would further determine the character of the Duma's activity.Witte has been described by Figes as the 'great reforming finance minister of the 1890s', 'one of Nicholas's most enlightened ministers', and the architect of Russia's new parliamentary order in 1905.", "Q92854": "John Leroy Hennessy (born September 22, 1952) is an American computer scientist, academician, businessman, and Chair of Alphabet Inc. Hennessy is one of the founders of MIPS Computer Systems Inc. as well as Atheros and served as the tenth President of Stanford University. Hennessy announced that he would step down in the summer of 2016. He was succeeded as President by Marc Tessier-Lavigne. Marc Andreessen called him \"the godfather of Silicon Valley.\"Along with David Patterson, Hennessy won the 2017 Turing Award for their work in developing the reduced instruction set computer (RISC) architecture, which is now used in 99% of new computer chips.", "Q78255": "Oskar H\u00f6cker (13 June 1840 \u2013 8 April 1894) was a German author of historical novels for children and a stage actor.", "Q325662": "Aguirre, the Wrath of God (German: Aguirre, der Zorn Gottes), known in the UK as Aguirre, Wrath of God, is a 1972 epic historical drama film written and directed by Werner Herzog. Klaus Kinski stars in the title role. The soundtrack was composed and performed by West German kosmische band Popol Vuh. The story follows the travels of Spanish soldier Lope de Aguirre, who leads a group of conquistadores down the Amazon River in South America in search of the legendary city of gold, El Dorado.\nUsing a minimalist approach to story and dialogue, the film creates a vision of madness and folly, counterpointed by the lush but unforgiving Amazonian jungle. Although loosely based on what is known of the historical figure of Aguirre, Herzog acknowledged years after the film's release that its storyline is a work of fiction. Some of the people and situations may have been inspired by Gaspar de Carvajal's account of an earlier Amazonian expedition, although Carvajal was not on the historical voyage represented in the film. Other accounts state that the expedition went into the jungles but never returned to civilization.\nAguirre was the first of five collaborations between Herzog and Kinski. They had differing views as to how the role should be played, and they clashed throughout filming; Kinski's rages terrorized both the crew and the local natives who were assisting the production. Shooting was entirely on location, and was fraught with difficulties. Filming took place in the Peruvian rainforest on the Amazon River during an arduous five-week period, shooting on tributaries of the Ucayali region. The cast and crew climbed mountains, cut through heavy vines to open routes to the various jungle locations, and rode treacherous river rapids on rafts built by natives.\nAguirre opened to widespread critical acclaim, and quickly developed a large international cult film following. It was given an extensive arthouse theatrical release in the United States in 1977, and remains one of the director's best-known films. Several critics have declared the film a masterpiece, and it has appeared on Time magazine's list of \"All Time 100 Best Films\". Aguirre's visual style and narrative elements had a strong influence on Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film Apocalypse Now.", "Q67375": "Johann Heinrich Meibom (Latin: Iohannes Henricus Meibomius; 29 June 1638, in L\u00fcbeck \u2013 26 March 1700, in Helmstedt) was a German physician and scholar.", "Q172796": "Johannes Leonardus \"Jan\" Flinterman (2 October 1919 \u2013 26 December 1992) was a Dutch air force pilot during World War II and a racing driver. Together with Dries van der Lof, he was the first driver from the Netherlands to compete in Formula One.\n\nFlinterman participated in one World Championship Grand Prix, the 1952 Dutch Grand Prix on 17 August 1952. When he had to retire his Maserati with a failure of the rear axle, he was able to take over the similar car of his team mate, Chico Landi. Flinterman finished the race in ninth place, scoring no championship points.Flinterman died in Leiden in December 1992.", "Q304874": "William Howard Gass (July 30, 1924 \u2013 December 6, 2017) was an American novelist, short-story writer, essayist, critic, and philosophy professor. He wrote three novels, three collections of short stories, a collection of novellas, and seven volumes of essays, three of which have won National Book Critics Circle Award prizes and one of which, A Temple of Texts (2006), won the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism. His 1995 novel The Tunnel received the American Book Award. His 2013 novel Middle C won the 2015 William Dean Howells Medal.", "Q70609": "Haute-Ajoie is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. It was founded on January 1, 2009 by the former municipalities of Chevenez, Damvant, R\u00e9cl\u00e8re and Roche-d'Or.On 1 January 2018 the former municipality of Rocourt merged into the municipality of Haute-Ajoie.", "Q93592": "Leo Kanner (pronounced /\u02c8k\u00e6n\u0259r/; June 13, 1894 \u2013 April 3, 1981) was an Austrian-American psychiatrist, physician, and social activist best known for his work related to autism. Before working at the Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Kanner practiced as a physician in Germany and in South Dakota. In 1943, Kanner published his landmark paper Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact, describing 11 children who were highly intelligent but displayed \"a powerful desire for aloneness\" and \"an obsessive insistence on persistent sameness.\" He named their condition \"early infantile autism,\" which is now known as autism spectrum disorder. Kanner was in charge of developing the first child psychiatry clinic in the United States and later served as the Chief of Child Psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. He is one of the co-founders of The Children's Guild, a nonprofit organization serving children, families and child-serving organizations throughout Maryland and Washington, D.C., and dedicated to \u201cTransforming how America Cares for and Educates its Children and Youth.\u201d He is widely considered one of the most influential American psychiatrists of the 20th century.", "Q373424": "Saadet I\u015f\u0131l Aksoy (born 29 August 1983) is a Turkish-born actress, who received critical acclaim with her portrayal of Aska, a red-haired punk trumpet player in Italian actor-director Sergio Castellitto's film Twice Born, in which she co-starred with Pen\u00e9lope Cruz and Emile Hirsch. Christy Lemire described her as \"the striking Saadet Aksoy\" in her Twice Born review, and film critic David Rooney stated, \"Saadet Aksoy brings a subdued fieriness to her scenes as a Bosnian woman\" in The Hollywood Reporter. In his article on Variety, Boyd Van Hoeij wrote, \"Turkish thesp Saadet Aksoy impresses in a supporting role as a spunky Yugoslav local.\" about her performance in Twice Born.Sergio Castellitto explained his first encounter with Aksoy in an article on Vogue Turkey with these words: \"Saadet, the first time I met you it was through the internet. I had accidentally 'fallen' on a movie trailer. I actually don\u2019t remember anything of that trailer, of that movie. Yet I remember that I saw a woman turning her head abruptly to the camera, her blue eyes burning everything in that framing, blasting the reverse shot.\"Her recent performance as Remziye in the 2018 movie Saf was described on Filmuforia as \"SAF is carried forward by the sheer brilliance of Saadet Isil Aksoy whose Remziye acts in an enlightened and humanitarian way when the chips are down.\" In his article about Saf on The Film Stage, Jared Mobarak wrote: \"Aksoy carries the rest of the film through an authentic progression from indignation to shame and ultimately to clarity.Saadet Aksoy has been in the juries of such film festivals as Cairo International Film Festival, Sarajevo Film Festival and Istanbul Film Festival. She became the spokesperson for L'Oreal Paris in Turkey in the year 2013.", "Q68046": "Bitsch is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.", "Q231603": "Sei Sh\u014dnagon (\u6e05\u5c11\u7d0d\u8a00, c. 966 \u2013 1017 or 1025) was a Japanese author, poet, and a court lady who served the Empress Teishi (Sadako) around the year 1000 during the middle Heian period. She is the author of The Pillow Book (\u6795\u8349\u5b50, makura no s\u014dshi).", "Q68720": "Froideville is a municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.", "Q373342": "Popular music is music with wide appeal that is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry. These forms and styles can be enjoyed and performed by people with little or no musical training. It stands in contrast to both art music and traditional or \"folk\" music. Art music was historically disseminated through the performances of written music, although since the beginning of the recording industry, it is also disseminated through recordings. Traditional music forms such as early blues songs or hymns were passed along orally, or to smaller, local audiences.The original application of the term is to music of the 1880s Tin Pan Alley period in the United States. Although popular music sometimes is known as \"pop music\", the two terms are not interchangeable. Popular music is a generic term for a wide variety of genres of music that appeal to the tastes of a large segment of the population, whereas pop music usually refers to a specific musical genre within popular music. Popular music songs and pieces typically have easily singable melodies. The song structure of popular music commonly involves repetition of sections, with the verse and chorus or refrain repeating throughout the song and the bridge providing a contrasting and transitional section within a piece.In the 2000s, with songs and pieces available as digital sound files, it has become easier for music to spread from one country or region to another. Some popular music forms have become global, while others have a wide appeal within the culture of their origin. Through the mixture of musical genres, new popular music forms are created to reflect the ideals of a global culture. The examples of Africa, Indonesia, and the Middle East show how Western pop music styles can blend with local musical traditions to create new hybrid styles.", "Q721195": "Kevin James O'Connor (born November 15, 1963) is an American actor.\nO'Connor is known for portraying character roles in major studio films such as There Will Be Blood, The Mummy, Lord of Illusions, F/X2 and Van Helsing. He is a favorite of writer/director Stephen Sommers, who usually casts him in his films.", "Q49936": "Yoshihisa Inoue (\u4e95\u4e0a \u7fa9\u4e45, Inoue Yoshihisa, born 24 July 1947) is a Japanese politician of the New Komeito Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Toyama, Toyama and graduate of Tohoku University, he was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1990. He lost his seat in 1993 but was re-elected in 1996.", "Q654278": "Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (c.\u20091145 \u2013 1203) was Prince of Gwynedd from 1170 to 1195. For a time he ruled jointly with his brothers Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd and Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd.\nDafydd was the son of Owain Gwynedd by Cristin ferch Goronwy ab Owain (married c.\u20091145). Since Owain and Cristin were first cousins, the marriage was not accepted by the church, which regarded Dafydd as illegitimate. Dafydd first appears on the scene in 1157 when King Henry II of England invaded Gwynedd. Dafydd was involved in the skirmish near Basingwerk in which King Henry was nearly killed. In 1165, he was recorded as having settled in the Vale of Clwyd and as having attacked Tegeingl, gaining much plunder.\nUpon the death of Owain Gwynedd in 1170, his sons fell into dispute over lordship of Gwynedd. Together, Dafydd and Rhodri attacked and killed their brother Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd that same year. Dafydd drove out Maelgwn in 1173, sending him fleeing to Ireland. Other brothers, Iorwerth Drwyndwn and Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd, were killed in 1174, removing two more contenders for the throne. The same year Dafydd captured and imprisoned his brothers Maelgwn (who had returned from Ireland) and Rhodri. He was now sole ruler of Gwynedd, and that same year he married Emme (or Emme) of Anjou, the half-sister of King Henry II of England, in summer 1174. Emme was an illegitimate daughter of Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou. They had four children:\n\nOwain\nEinion\nGwenllian\nGwenhwyfarIn 1175, Rhodri escaped and attacked his brother, seizing all Gwynedd west of the River Conwy. Dafydd was able to keep the eastern part, and in 1177, King Henry gave him the manors of Ellesmere and Hales in England. He had a castle at Rhuddlan where Gerald of Wales spent a night in 1188 on his journey round Wales with Archbishop Baldwin.\n\n\"Having crossed the river Conwy, or rather an arm of the sea, under Deganwy, leaving the Cistercian monastery of Conwy on the western bank of the river to our right hand, we arrived at Ruthlan, a noble castle on the river Cloyd, belonging to David, the eldest son of Owen, where, at the earnest invitation of David himself, we were handsomely entertained that night.\"\nIn 1194, Dafydd faced a new threat from his nephew, Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, who defeated him at the battle of Aberconwy with the aid of his cousins, the sons of Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd, drove him from most of his possessions and imprisoned him in 1197. He was released a year later thanks to the efforts of Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury. Dafydd retired to the Kingdom of England, where he died in May 1203. Emme died in or after 1214, when she disappears from the Pipe Rolls.", "Q180266": "Scarlet fever is a disease which can occur as a result of a group A streptococcus (group A strep) infection, also known as Streptococcus pyogenes. The signs and symptoms include a sore throat, fever, headaches, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic rash. The rash is red and feels like sandpaper and the tongue may be red and bumpy. It most commonly affects children between five and 15 years of age.Scarlet fever affects a small number of people who have strep throat or streptococcal skin infections. The bacteria are usually spread by people coughing or sneezing. It can also be spread when a person touches an object that has the bacteria on it and then touches their mouth or nose. The characteristic rash is due to the erythrogenic toxin, a substance produced by some types of the bacterium. The diagnosis is typically confirmed by culturing the throat.There is no vaccine. Prevention is by frequent handwashing, not sharing personal items, and staying away from other people when sick. The disease is treatable with antibiotics, which prevent most complications. Outcomes with scarlet fever are typically good if treated. Long-term complications as a result of scarlet fever include kidney disease, rheumatic heart disease, and arthritis. It was a leading cause of death in children in the early 20th century.", "Q154751": "Nicholas of Cusa (1401 \u2013 11 August 1464), also referred to as Nicholas of Kues and Nicolaus Cusanus (), was a German philosopher, theologian, jurist, and astronomer. One of the first German proponents of Renaissance humanism, he made spiritual and political contributions in European history. A notable example of this is his mystical or spiritual writings on \"learned ignorance,\" as well as his participation in power struggles between Rome and the German states of the Holy Roman Empire.\nAs papal legate to Germany from 1446, he was appointed cardinal for his merits by Pope Nicholas V in 1448 and Prince\u2013Bishop of Brixen two years later. In 1459 he became vicar general in the Papal States.\nNicholas has remained an influential figure. In 2001, the sixth centennial of his birth was celebrated on four continents and commemorated by publications on his life and work.\n\n", "Q218291": "Making the Grade is a 1984 American teen comedy film. It was directed by Dorian Walker and written by Charles Gale and Gene Quintano. It was filmed at Rhodes College in Memphis, Tennessee.\n\n", "Q539776": "Shobha De (n\u00e9e Rajadhyaksha, born 7 January 1948) is an Indian columnist and novelist. She is best known for her depiction of socialites and sex in her works of fiction, for which she has come to be known as the \"Jackie Collins of India\".\n\n", "Q3169906": "Jean-Ren\u00e9 Fourtou (born 1939) is a French business executive. He served as the chief executive officer and chairman of Vivendi from 2002 to 2005. He now serves as its honorary chairman.\n\n", "Q102517": "Alexander G\u00f6rlach is an academic journalist and entrepreneur. He was visiting scholar at the College of Harvard University, at Adams House, J.F. Kennedy Memorial Fellow to the Center for European Studies and fellow of the Harvard Divinity School. Alex is currently a senior research associate at Cambridge University, at the Institute on Religion and International Studies. Prior to that he served at the Center for Humanities (CRASSH) at Cambridge University as fellow. Alex is an honorary professor for theology and ethics at the university of L\u00fcneburg in Germany, a senior fellow to the Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, and a senior advisor to the Berggruen Institute. Alex\u2019 work is on narratives of identity, liberal democracy and populism, politics and religion, and ethics in the age of AI and rising technology. In this capacity he also serves as a Future World Fellow at the Center for the Governance of Change at IE University in Madrid. In the academic year 2017-2018 Alex was a visiting scholar to National Taiwan University and City University of Hong Kong, studying East Asian democracies and the rise of China. Alexander is the founder of the debate-magazine The European, that he also ran as its editor in chief from 2009-2015. Today he publishes www.saveliberaldemocracy.com and serves as an op-ed contributor to the New York Times, Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung, and a columnist to the business magazine Wirtschaftswoche.\n\n", "Q261034": "Silvia Jato N\u00fa\u00f1ez (born 6 June 1971 in Lugo, Spain) is a Spanish TV presenter and model.\nShe studied Economics at CEU San Pablo University, Madrid. She had three children with pilot Eduardo San Rom\u00e1n, to whom she separated from in 2012, after being married to him since 1998.\nShe began as a model, and took part in Miss Spain in 1989 (being Maid of Honour) and in Miss Europe in 1991 (being Maid of Honour, Miss Photogenic and Miss Sympathy).\nAs a TV presenter she was nominated for prizes including TP de Oro (2001, 2002, 2003) and Premios ATV (2003, 2004).", "Q605989": "Arthur Benjamin Reeve (October 15, 1880 - August 9, 1936) was an American mystery writer. He is best known for creating the series character Professor Craig Kennedy, sometimes called \"The American Sherlock Holmes\", and Kennedy's Dr. Watson-like sidekick Walter Jameson, a newspaper reporter, in 18 detective novels. The bulk of Reeve's fame is based on the 82 Craig Kennedy stories, published in Cosmopolitan magazine between 1910 and 1918. These were collected in book form; with the third collection, the short stories were stitched together into pseudo-novels. The 12-volume Craig Kennedy Stories were released in 1918; it reissued Reeve's books-to-date as a matched set.", "Q710348": "Arthur Lee Maye (December 11, 1934 \u2013 July 17, 2002) was an American Major League Baseball player. He played eleven seasons in the majors as an outfielder for the Milwaukee Braves (1959\u20131965), Houston Astros (1965\u20131966), Cleveland Indians (1967\u20131969), Washington Senators (1969\u20131970), and Chicago White Sox (1970\u20131971).\nMaye was also well known as a rhythm & blues singer. He was the lead singer of the Los Angeles-based doo-wop group Arthur Lee Maye and the Crowns in the 1950s.", "Q337500": "Nam\u0131k Kemal (21 December 1840 \u2013 2 December 1888) was an Ottoman democrat, writer, intellectual, reformer, journalist, playwright, and political activist who was influential in the formation of the Young Ottomans and their struggle for governmental reform in the Ottoman Empire during the late Tanzimat period, which would lead to the First Constitutional Era in the Empire in 1876. Kemal was particularly significant for championing the notions of freedom and fatherland in his numerous plays and poems, and his works would have a powerful impact on the establishment of and future reform movements in Turkey, as well as other former Ottoman lands. He is often regarded as being instrumental in redefining Western concepts like natural rights and constitutional government.", "Q108984": "Mirjam Elisabeth Novak (born 16 January in Nuremberg) is an actress and screenwriter of Croatian-German descent who has appeared in various films and television shows in the US, England, Canada and Germany.\nShe moved to Los Angeles to attend the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute there in 2001 and completed her training in 2005. After that, Mirjam returned to her native Germany and enrolled at the Humboldt University in Berlin, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in History and English in 2009.\nIn May 2009 she was one of 16 finalists out of over 34,000 applicants for Tourism Queensland's \"The Best Job In The World\" competition. She subsequently spent almost 3 months travelling in Australia and blogging about her experience and appeared in a series of commercials for Tourism Queensland. She also was involved with Tourism Queensland as ambassador for the region in Germany.\nShe has appeared in the short film Bauhaus Broken Wings (as Ellen Schuster) that went to several festivals; and in films such as The Spy Who Dumped Me (as Verne) and series such as Strike Back (as Marie Parker) as well as on German television with the series 112 \u2013 Sie retten dein Leben (as Tara Zenner).", "Q119651": "Zarli Carigiet (5 August 1907 \u2013 6 May 1981) was a Swiss actor and comedian. He was a member of the satirical Cabaret Cornichon and starred in movies by directors such as Leopold Lindtberg, Franz Schnyder, and Kurt Fr\u00fch. He was the younger brother of the artist and illustrator Alois Carigiet.\nBalthasar Anton Carigiet was one of eleven children born to Alois Carigiet and Barbara Antonia Carigiet, n\u00e9e Lombriser. His father was a farmer in Trun in the canton of Grisons, and had served as magistrate in the district of Disentis. Economic hardship forced the family to resettle in the canton's capital Chur in 1911, where Zarli visited the primary and secondary school, and absolved an apprenticeship with decorative artist Walter R\u00e4th. Zarli's older brother Alois had also been trained in R\u00e4th's atelier. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Zarli worked as a graphic designer for his brother's atelier in Zurich.\nCarigiet's comical talent was discovered by Walter Lesch, a comedy writer and the artistic director of the satirical \"Cabaret Cornichon\" (\"Gherkin Cabaret\"). Carigiet joined the Cornichon 's ensemble in 1934 and remained a steady member until 1951.\nCarigiet often played the part of a likeable social outcast, such as a former convict on parole in Leopold Lindtberg's cinematic adaptation of Friedrich Glauser's detective story Wachtmeister Studer (Constable Studer, 1939), a poet and psychiatric patient in Matto regiert (Madness Rules, 1947) by the same director and author, or a homeless person in Kurt Fr\u00fch's Hinter den sieben Gleisen (\"Behind the Seven Tracks\", 1959) He also performed in blackface: as an \"Abyssinian\" in a political Cornichon sketch on Ethiopia in 1935, or as \"Hassan the Moor\" in Lindtberg's film adaptation of Conrad Ferdinand Meyer's Der Schuss von der Kanzel (\"The Shot from the Pulpit\" 1942).\nZarli Carigiet died in M\u00e4nnedorf on 6 May 1981.", "Q3115403": "John Grant Mitchell Jr. (June 17, 1874 \u2013 May 1, 1957) was an American stage actor on Broadway and mainly a character actor on film. He appeared on Broadway from 1902 to 1939 and appeared in more than 125 films between 1930 and 1948.", "Q370893": "The Air I Breathe is the 2007 crime drama thriller directorial film debut of Korean-American filmmaker Jieho Lee, who co-wrote the script with Bob DeRosa. It stars Kevin Bacon, Julie Delpy, Brendan Fraser, Andy Garcia, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Emile Hirsch, and Forest Whitaker. The film was financed by NALA Investments through its production company NALA Films, and was released on January 25, 2008 in the United States.\nThe concept of the film is based on an ancient Chinese proverb that breaks life down into four emotional cornerstones \u2013 Happiness (Whitaker), Pleasure (Fraser), Sorrow (Gellar), and Love (Bacon). The proverb speaks of these emotions, not as isolated fragments of feelings, but as elements that make up the whole of the human existence. Each of the four protagonists is based on one of the four emotions; and like the proverb their paths are inextricably linked to each other, akin to the Fingers (Garcia) of a hand.\nNone of the four main characters' actual names are mentioned in the whole film, although Gellar's character's stage name, \"Trista\", is mentioned several times.\n\n", "Q327713": "Men in Black 3 (alternatively Men in Black III, and stylized as MIB\u00b3) is a 2012 American science fiction action film directed by Barry Sonnenfeld and starring Will Smith, Tommy Lee Jones and Josh Brolin. It is the third installment in the Men in Black film series which in turn is loosely based on the comic book series The Men in Black by Lowell Cunningham. It was released fifteen years after the original Men in Black (1997) and ten years after the first sequel, Men in Black II (2002). Sonnenfeld and Steven Spielberg returned as director and executive producer, respectively. In the film, Boris the Animal, an old enemy of Agent K, escapes from prison and travels back in time to kill the younger K in order to allow his species, a ruthless alien race known as Boglodites, to attack Earth. This forces Agent J to go back in time and team up with K's younger self to save his partner and the world.\nMen in Black 3 was released on May 25, 2012 by Columbia Pictures and grossed over $624 million worldwide, making it the 10th highest-grossing film of 2012. Unadjusted for inflation, it is the highest-grossing film in the series. The film also received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised it as an improvement over its predecessor. A spin-off film in the series, Men in Black: International, was released on June 14, 2019.", "Q265252": "Brian Patrick Carroll (born May 13, 1970), known professionally as Buckethead, is an American multi-instrumental musician who has received critical acclaim for his innovative electric guitar playing. His music spans many genres, including progressive metal, funk, blues, bluegrass, ambient, and avant-garde music. He performs primarily as a solo artist, though he has collaborated extensively with a wide variety of high-profile artists such as Bill Laswell, Bootsy Collins, Bernie Worrell, Iggy Pop, Les Claypool, Serj Tankian, Bill Moseley, Mike Patton, Viggo Mortensen, That 1 Guy, and Bassnectar, and was a member of Guns N' Roses from 2000 to 2004. He has released 306 studio albums, four special releases, and one EP. He has also performed on more than 50 other albums by other artists.\nWhen performing, Buckethead wears a KFC bucket on his head, emblazoned with an orange bumper sticker reading FUNERAL in block letters, and an expressionless plain white mask inspired by Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers. At one point, he changed to a plain white bucket without a KFC logo, but subsequently reverted to his emblematic KFC bucket, but without the funeral sticker. He also incorporates nunchaku and robot dancing into his stage performances.Buckethead has been voted number 8 on a list in GuitarOne magazine of the \"Top 10 Fastest Guitar Shredders of All Time\" as well as being included in Guitar World's lists of the \"25 all-time weirdest guitarists\" and the \"50 fastest guitarists of all time\". Buckethead has written and performed music for major motion pictures, including Saw II, Ghosts of Mars, Beverly Hills Ninja, Mortal Kombat, Mortal Kombat: Annihilation, Last Action Hero, and contributed lead guitar to the track \"Firebird\" featured on the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie soundtrack.", "Q75017": "Josef Bierbichler (born 26 April 1948) is a German actor.", "Q713899": "Lisa Lu Yan (simplified Chinese: \u5362\u71d5; traditional Chinese: \u76e7\u71d5; pinyin: L\u00fa Y\u00e0n; born July 8, 1927) is a Chinese actress and singer. She won the Golden Horse Awards three times in the 1970s.\n\n", "Q8681": "Pan American World Airways, originally founded as Pan American Airways and commonly known as Pan Am, was the principal and largest international air carrier and unofficial flag carrier of the United States from 1927 until its collapse on December 4, 1991. It was founded in 1927 as a scheduled air mail and passenger service operating between Key West, Florida, and Havana, Cuba. The airline is credited for many innovations that shaped the international airline industry, including the widespread use of jet aircraft, jumbo jets, and computerized reservation systems. It was also a founding member of the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the global airline industry association.Identified by its blue globe logo (\"The Blue Meatball\"), the use of the word \"Clipper\" in its aircraft names and call signs, and the white uniform caps of its pilots, the airline was a cultural icon of the 20th century. In an era dominated by flag carriers that were wholly or majority government-owned, it was also the unofficial overseas flag carrier of the United States. During most of the jet era, Pan Am's flagship terminal was the Worldport located at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City.", "Q918443": "Geoffrey Alan Landis (; born May 28, 1955) is an American aerospace engineer and author, working for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on planetary exploration, interstellar propulsion, solar power and photovoltaics. He holds nine patents, primarily in the field of improvements to solar cells and photovoltaic devices and has given presentations and commentary on the possibilities for interstellar travel and construction of bases on the Moon, Mars, and Venus.Supported by his scientific background Landis also writes hard science fiction.\nFor these writings he has won a Nebula Award, two Hugo Awards, and a Locus Award, as well as two Rhysling Awards for his poetry. He contributes science articles to various academic publications.", "Q1112515": "The University of New Brunswick (UNB) is a public university with two primary campuses in Fredericton and Saint John, New Brunswick. It is the oldest English-language university in Canada, and among the oldest public universities in North America. UNB was founded by a group of seven Loyalists who left the United States after the American Revolution.UNB has two main campuses: the original campus, founded in 1785 in Fredericton, and a smaller campus which opened in Saint John in 1964. In addition, there are two small satellite health sciences campuses located in Moncton and Bathurst, New Brunswick, and two offices in the Caribbean and in Beijing. UNB offers over 75 degrees in fourteen faculties at the undergraduate and graduate levels with a total student enrollment of approximately 11,400 between the two principal campuses. UNB was named the most entrepreneurial university in Canada at the 2014 Startup Canada Awards.\n\n", "Q119889": "Aliens in the Attic is a 2009 American comic science fiction family film directed by John Schultz and starring Carter Jenkins, Austin Butler, Ashley Tisdale, Gillian Vigman, Andy Richter, Doris Roberts, Robert Hoffman, Kevin Nealon, Tim Meadows, Henri Young, Regan Young, Josh Peck, J. K. Simmons, Kari Wahlgren and Thomas Haden Church. The plot revolves around the children in the Pearson family having to defend their vacation house against a group of aliens planning an invasion of Earth until one of the aliens betrays them and joins the Pearson children in battle. \nProduced by Regency Enterprises, Aliens in the Attic was released by 20th Century Fox on July 31, 2009 and received mixed reviews from film critics, but was a minor box office success.", "Q74309": "Kaoru Ishibashi (born November 4, 1975), who performs as Kishi Bashi, is an American singer, multi-instrumentalist, and songwriter. He is a founding member of Jupiter One, and, for a few years, was a member of the band of Montreal. He embarked on his career as a solo artist in 2011, releasing his debut album 151a at Joyful Noise Recordings in 2012 to immediate fanfare and critical acclaim.", "Q1551817": "James Edward Weidman, Jr. (born July 23, 1953 in Youngstown, Ohio) is an American jazz pianist.\nWeidman's father was a saxophonist who led his own band. He began playing piano when he was eight years old and eventually became electric organist in his father's group. He attended Youngstown State University, taking his bachelor's degree in 1976, and moved to New York City in 1978. He worked with Pepper Adams, Cecil Payne, Sonny Stitt, and Bobby Watson, then became Abbey Lincoln's pianist in 1982, an association that would continue into the early 1990s. He also worked with Steve Coleman and Jay Hoggard later in the 1980s. In the 1990s he worked with Cassandra Wilson, Talib Kibwe, Kevin Mahogany, Belden Bullock, and Marvin \"Smitty\" Smith.", "Q1261225": "Eugene Kleiner (12 May 1923 \u2013 20 November 2003) was an Austrian-born American engineer and venture capitalist. He is considered the pioneer of Silicon Valley. He was one of the original founders of Kleiner Perkins, the Silicon Valley venture capital firm which later became Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers. The company was an early investor in more than 300 information technology and biotech firms, including Amazon.com, AOL, Brio Technology, Electronic Arts, Flextronics, Genentech, Google, Hybritech, Intuit, Lotus Development, LSI Logic, Macromedia, Netscape, Quantum, Segway, Sun Microsystems and Tandem Computers.", "Q6874": "Rastatt (German: [\u02c8\u0281a\u0283tat]) is a town with a baroque core, District of Rastatt, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. It is located in the Upper Rhine Plain on the Murg river, 6 km (3.7 mi) above its junction with the Rhine and has a population of around 50,000 (2011). Rastatt was an important place of the War of the Spanish Succession (Treaty of Rastatt) and the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states.", "Q503415": "The University of Maryland, College Park (University of Maryland, UMD, or simply Maryland) is a public research university in College Park, Maryland. Founded in 1856, UMD is the flagship institution of the University System of Maryland. It is also the largest university in both the state and the Washington metropolitan area, with more than 41,000 students representing all fifty states and 123 countries, and a global alumni network of over 360,000. Its twelve schools and colleges together offer over 200 degree-granting programs, including 92 undergraduate majors, 107 master's programs, and 83 doctoral programs. UMD is a member of the Association of American Universities and competes in intercollegiate athletics as a member of the Big Ten Conference.\nThe University of Maryland's proximity to the nation's capital has resulted in many research partnerships with the federal government; faculty receive research funding and institutional support from agencies such as the National Institutes of Health, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Department of Homeland Security. It is classified as a first tier research university by the Carnegie Foundation, and is labeled a \"Public Ivy\", denoting a quality of education comparable to the private Ivy League. UMD is ranked among the top 100 universities both nationally and globally by several indices.In 2016, the University of Maryland, College Park and the University of Maryland, Baltimore formalized their strategic partnership after their collaboration successfully created more innovative medical, scientific, and educational programs, as well as greater research grants and joint faculty appointments than either campus has been able to accomplish on its own. As of 2017, the operating budget of the University of Maryland is approximately $2.1 billion. For the 2018 fiscal year, the university received a total of over $545 million in external research funding. In October 2017, the university received a record-breaking donation of $219.5 million from the A. James & Alice B. Clark Foundation, ranking among the largest philanthropic gifts to a public university in the country.", "Q4823783": "The Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering is an independent thinktank that helps Australians understand and use technology to solve complex problems. It was founded in 1975 as one of Australia's four learned Academies.\nIts original name was the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences but in 1987 the name was extended, with the addition of Engineering.\nIn 2015, the Academy adopted a new business name, the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering, reserving the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering as its company name.\nIn 2018, the Academy changed its brandmark from ATSE to Applied, to avoid the confusion caused by the acronym and to reaffirm the Academy's origins in applied science and technology.", "Q119862": "Karl Georg K\u00fclb (1901\u20131980) was a German screenwriter and film director.", "Q853873": "Cantopop (Chinese: \u7cb5\u8a9e\u6d41\u884c\u97f3\u6a02, a contraction of \"Cantonese pop music\") or HK-pop (short for \"Hong Kong pop music\") is a genre of popular music written in standard modern Chinese but sung in Cantonese. Cantopop is also used to refer to the cultural context of its production and consumption. The genre began in the 1970s and became associated with Hong Kong popular music from the middle of the decade. Cantopop then reached its height of popularity in the 1980s and 1990s before slowly declining in the 2000s and slight revival in the 2010s. The term \"Cantopop\" itself was coined in 1978 after \"Cantorock\", a term first used in 1974. Cantopop reached its highest glory with a fanbase and concert reaching Mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea, Japan especially with the influx of songs from Hong Kong movies.Besides Western pop music, Cantopop is also influenced by other international genres, including jazz, rock and roll, R&B, disco, electronic and others. Cantopop songs are almost invariably performed in Cantonese. Boasting a multinational fanbase in Southeast Asian nations such as Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia, as well as in East Asian regions of South Korea, Japan, Taiwan and the provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi in southeastern mainland China, Hong Kong, and occasionally Macau, remain the most significant hubs of the genre. Examples of some of the most significant figures in the Cantopop industry include Paula Tsui, Samuel Hui, Roman Tam, Jenny Tseng, George Lam, Alan Tam, Leslie Cheung, Danny Chan, Anita Mui, Beyond, Jacky Cheung, Andy Lau, Sandy Lam, Faye Wong, Leon Lai, Aaron Kwok, Sammi Cheng, Kelly Chen, Eason Chan, Joey Yung, etc.", "Q107484": "Valentin Schiedermair, born 28 October 1963 in Frankfurt/Main, Germany is a German concert pianist who lives in London.", "Q316525": "Deadly Maria (German: Die t\u00f6dliche Maria), is a 1993 German film directed by Tom Tykwer.", "Q171512": "Robert Manzon (12 April 1917 \u2013 19 January 2015) was a French racing driver. He participated in 29 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 21 May 1950. He achieved two podiums, and scored a total of 16 championship points. At the time of his death, Manzon was the last surviving driver to have taken part in the first Formula One World Championship in 1950.", "Q930324": "Indrek Tarand (born 3 February 1964) is an Estonian politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Estonia. He is an Independent politician, but a member of the European Green Party.\nTarand has served as an advisor to the Prime Minister of Estonia and as the Secretary General of the Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n\n", "Q106942": "Candice Patricia Bergen (born May 9, 1946) is an American actress and former fashion model. She won five Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards for her eleven seasons as the title character on the CBS sitcom Murphy Brown (1988\u20131998, 2018). She is also known for her role as Shirley Schmidt on the ABC drama Boston Legal (2005\u20132008). She was nominated for the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress for Starting Over (1979), and for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Gandhi (1982).\nBergen began her career as a fashion model and appeared on the front cover of Vogue before she made her screen debut in the 1966 film The Group. She went on to star in The Sand Pebbles (1966), Soldier Blue (1970), Carnal Knowledge (1971), and The Wind and the Lion (1975). She made her Broadway debut in the 1984 play Hurlyburly, and went on to star in the revivals of The Best Man (2012) and Love Letters (2014). From 2002 to 2004, she appeared in three episodes of the HBO series Sex and the City. Her other film roles include Miss Congeniality (2000), Sweet Home Alabama (2002), The Women (2008), Bride Wars (2009), The Drawn Together Movie: The Movie! (2010) and Book Club (2018).", "Q44221": "Sean Justin Penn (born August 17, 1960) is an American actor, director, and filmmaker. He has won two Academy Awards, for his roles in the mystery drama Mystic River (2003) and the biopic Milk (2008).\nPenn began his acting career in television, with a brief appearance in episode 112 of Little House on the Prairie on December 4, 1974, and directed by his father Leo Penn. Following his film debut in the drama Taps (1981), and a diverse range of film roles in the 1980s, including Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982), Penn garnered critical attention for his roles in the crime dramas At Close Range (1986), State of Grace (1990), and Carlito's Way (1993). He became known as a prominent leading actor with the drama Dead Man Walking (1995), for which he earned his first Academy Award nomination and the Best Actor Award at the Berlin Film Festival. Penn received another two Oscar nominations for Woody Allen's comedy-drama Sweet and Lowdown (1999) and the drama I Am Sam (2001), before winning his first Academy Award for Best Actor in 2003 for Mystic River and a second one in 2008 for Milk. He has also won a Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival for the Nick Cassavetes-directed She's So Lovely (1997), and two Best Actor Awards at the Venice Film Festival for the indie film Hurlyburly (1998) and the drama 21 Grams (2003).\nPenn made his feature film directorial debut with The Indian Runner (1991), followed by the drama film The Crossing Guard (1995) and the mystery film The Pledge (2001). Penn directed one of the 11 segments of 11'09\"01 September 11 (2002), a compilation film made in response to the September 11 attacks. His fourth feature film, the biographical drama survival movie Into the Wild (2007), garnered critical acclaim and two Academy Award nominations.\nIn addition to his film work, Penn has engaged in political and social activism, including his criticism of the George W. Bush administration, his contact with the Presidents of Cuba and Venezuela, and his humanitarian work in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the 2010 Haiti earthquake.", "Q99054": "Gabriele Wilhelmine \"Gaby\" K\u00f6ster (German pronunciation: [\u02c8\u0261a\u02d0bi\u02d0 \u02c8k\u02b0\u0153st\u02b0\u0250], born 2 December 1961) is a German actress and comedian.\n\n", "Q457736": "Giannina Facio, Lady Scott (born September 10, 1955) is a Costa Rican actress and producer who has appeared in a number of films, especially those of her husband, British film director and producer Sir Ridley Scott. She first worked with Scott on White Squall and has been his partner since Hannibal. Gladiator was the first of two films in which she plays the wife of Russell Crowe's character, the other being Body of Lies. Since White Squall, Facio has made appearances in all of Scott's films except for American Gangster, The Martian and Alien: Covenant.", "Q277865": "Fugazi (; foo-GAH-zee) is an American rock band that formed in Washington, D.C. in 1986. The band consists of guitarists and vocalists Ian MacKaye and Guy Picciotto, bassist Joe Lally, and drummer Brendan Canty.\nFugazi are noted for their style-transcending music, DIY ethical stance, manner of business practice, and contempt for the music industry.Fugazi have performed numerous worldwide tours and produced six studio albums, a film and a comprehensive live series, gaining the band critical acclaim and success around the world. Fugazi has been on an indefinite hiatus since 2003.", "Q548164": "Vladislav Yuryevich Surkov (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0432 \u042e\u0301\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421\u0443\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0432, n\u00e9 Aslambek Andarbekovich Dudayev, \u0410\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0435\u0301\u043a \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0431\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0414\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0432; born 21 September 1962 or 1964, sources differ) is a Russian businessman and politician. He was First Deputy Chief of the Russian Presidential Administration from 1999 to 2011, during which time he was often viewed as the main ideologist of the Kremlin who proposed and implemented the concept of sovereign democracy in Russia. From December 2011 until May 2013, Surkov served as the Russian Federation's Deputy Prime Minister. After his resignation, Surkov returned to the Presidential Executive Office and became a personal adviser of Vladimir Putin on relationships with Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Ukraine. He was fired from this duty by presidential order in February 2020.Surkov is perceived by many to be a key figure with much power and influence in the administration of Vladimir Putin. According to The Moscow Times, this perception is not dependent on the official title Surkov might hold at any one time in the Putin government. BBC documentary filmmaker Adam Curtis credits Surkov's blend of theater and politics with keeping Putin, and Putin's chosen successors, in power since 2000.Journalists in Russia and abroad have speculated that Surkov writes under the pseudonym Nathan Dubovitsky, although the Kremlin denies it.", "Q92101": "Countess Ida von Hahn-Hahn (German: Ida Gr\u00e4fin von Hahn-Hahn; 22 June 1805 \u2013 12 January 1880) was a German author from a wealthy family who lost their fortune because of her father's eccentric spending. She defied convention by living with Adolf von Bystram unmarried for 21 years. Her writings about the German aristocracy were greatly favored by the general public of her time. Ida von Hahn-Hahn often wrote about the tragedies of the soul and was influenced by the French novelist George Sand. She \"was an indefatigable campaigner for the emancipation of women\" and her writings include many strong female characters.", "Q577394": "Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt (Latin), Pierre Pelerin de Maricourt (French), or Peter Peregrinus of Maricourt (fl. 1269), was a 13th-century French scholar who conducted experiments on magnetism and wrote the first extant treatise describing the properties of magnets. His work is particularly noted for containing the earliest detailed discussion of freely pivoting compass needles, a fundamental component of the dry compass soon to appear in medieval navigation. He also wrote a treatise on the construction and use of a universal astrolabe.\nPeregrinus\u2019 text on the magnet is entitled in many of the manuscripts of it Epistola Petri Peregrini de Maricourt ad Sygerum de Foucaucourt, militem, de magnete (\"Letter of Peter Peregrinus of Maricourt to Sygerus of Foucaucourt, Soldier, on the Magnet\") but it is more commonly known by its short title, Epistola de magnete (\"Letter on the Magnet\"). The letter is addressed to an otherwise unknown Picard countryman named Sygerus (Sigerus, Ysaerus) of Foucaucourt, possibly a friend and neighbor of the author; Foucaucourt borders on the home area of Peregrinus around Maricourt, in the present-day department of the Somme, near P\u00e9ronne.\nIn only one of the 39 surviving manuscript copies the letter also bears the closing legend Actum in castris in obsidione Luceri\u00e6 anno domini 1269\u00ba 8\u00ba die augusti (\"Done in camp during the siege of Lucera, August 8, 1269\"), which might indicate that Peregrinus was in the army of Charles, duke of Anjou and king of Sicily, who in 1269 laid siege to the city of Lucera. However, given that only one manuscript attests this, the evidence is weak. There is no indication of why Peter received the sobriquet Peregrinus (or \"pilgrim\"), but it suggests that he may have been either a pilgrim at one point or a crusader; and the attack on Lucera of 1269 had been sanctioned as a crusade by the Pope. So Petrus Peregrinus may have served in that army.\n\"You must realize, dearest friend,\" Peregrinus writes, \"that while the investigator in this subject must understand nature and not be ignorant of the celestial motions, he must also be very diligent in the use of his own hands, so that through the operation of this stone he may show wonderful effects.\"", "Q869523": "Vogorno is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The village is located above Lago di Vogorno, a reservoir formed by the Verzasca Dam.", "Q293249": "Mary Louisa \"Polly\" Toynbee (; born 27 December 1946) is a British journalist and writer. She has been a columnist for The Guardian newspaper since 1998.\nShe is a social democrat and was a candidate for the Social Democratic Party in the 1983 general election. She now broadly supports the Labour Party, although she was critical of its left-wing leader, Jeremy Corbyn.Toynbee previously worked as social affairs editor for the BBC and also for The Independent newspaper. She is vice-president of Humanists UK, having previously served as its president between 2007 and 2012. She was also named Columnist of the Year at the 2007 British Press Awards.", "Q5322166": "A designer is a person who makes designs for objects. A fashion designer designs clothing, a web designer designs web pages and an automobile designer designs automobiles. In each case, the designer works with the help of a technician or engineer who understands deeper level concepts of manufacturing and engineering and the designer is also largely confined to work at a surface level.\nMore formally, a designer is an agent that \"specifies the structural properties of a design object\". In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, products, processes, laws, games, graphics, services, and experiences is referred to as a designer.", "Q332493": "George Gideon Oliver Osborne (born Gideon Oliver Osborne; 23 May 1971) is a British newspaper editor and former Conservative Party politician, who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Tatton from June 2001 until he stood down on 3 May 2017. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer under Prime Minister David Cameron from 2010 to 2016. He has been editor of the London Evening Standard since May 2017 and chair of the Northern Powerhouse Partnership (NPP) since September 2016.\nOsborne worked briefly as a freelancer for The Daily Telegraph before joining the Conservative Research Department in 1994 and becoming head of its political section. He went on to be a special adviser to Douglas Hogg, the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, and worked at 10 Downing Street as well as for Prime Minister John Major's campaign team in the party's unsuccessful 1997 general election campaign, before becoming a speechwriter and political secretary to Major's successor as party leader, William Hague.\nOsborne was elected as MP for Tatton in 2001, becoming the youngest Conservative member of the House of Commons. He was appointed Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury by Conservative leader Michael Howard in 2004. The following year he ran David Cameron's successful party leadership campaign. Cameron then appointed him Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer and, after the 2010 general election, Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Conservative\u2013Liberal Democrat coalition government. He served as Cameron's de facto Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party in opposition and in government alongside William Hague, and continued in this role following the latter's retirement from the House of Commons in the 2015 general election.\nAs Chancellor, Osborne pursued austerity policies aimed at reducing the budget deficit and launched the Northern Powerhouse initiative. After the Conservatives won an overall majority in the 2015 general election, Cameron reappointed him Chancellor in his second government and gave him the additional title of First Secretary of State. During the premiership of David Cameron, George Osborne was widely viewed as a potential future Leader of the Conservative Party; one Conservative MP suggested that the closeness of his relationship with Cameron meant that the two effectively shared power during the duration of the Cameron Government. Following the 2016 referendum vote to leave the European Union and Cameron's consequent resignation, he was sacked by newly appointed Prime Minister Theresa May, and returned to the backbenches. He became editor of the Evening Standard in May 2017 and stepped down as an MP at the 2017 general election.", "Q3262800": "Louis Nicollin (29 June 1943 \u2013 29 June 2017) was a French entrepreneur and director of the Nicollin Company, which specializes in the collection and reprocessing of household and industrial waste. Nicollin notably served as chairman of Montpellier H\u00e9rault Sport Club, a football team, from 1974 to his death.", "Q632670": "Archer is an American animated sitcom created by Adam Reed for the basic cable network FX. Debuting on September 17, 2009, it follows the exploits of a dysfunctional intelligence agency, led by Sterling Archer (voiced by H. Jon Benjamin) and seven of his colleagues\u2014Malory Archer (Jessica Walter), Lana Kane (Aisha Tyler), Cyril Figgis (Chris Parnell), Cheryl Tunt (Judy Greer), Pam Poovey (Amber Nash), Ray Gillette (Adam Reed) and Dr. Algernop Krieger (Lucky Yates). Archer's premise evolves as the comedy assumes the standard setup of an anthology in later seasons, each with self-contained arcs, new settings, a disparate set of personae for each character, even distinct humor. Beginning with the eighth season in 2017, the show was broadcast on sibling network FXX.\nArcher was conceived by Reed shortly after the cancellation of his Adult Swim comedy Frisky Dingo. It draws inspiration from a variety of sources, including the James Bond franchise. The show's hallmarks include reference-heavy humor, rapid-fire dialogue, and meta-comedy. Archer is produced using limited animation and takes its visual style from mid-century comic art. The cast members record their lines individually, and the show regularly employs guest actors and actresses for supporting characters. There have been 110 episodes broadcast in Archer's history.\nArcher has received positive reviews from critics and won awards, including three Primetime Emmy Awards and four Critics Choice Awards. It has also received 15 Annie Award nominations, among others, for outstanding achievement in animation, writing, direction, and voice acting. Archer will return to its original setup for the eight-episode eleventh season, as Reed oversees the comedy's production in a reduced role. Season eleven was scheduled to premiere on May 6, 2020, but was postponed indefinitely amidst the 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak.", "Q354070": "Krzysztof Kowalewski (born 20 March 1937) is a Polish actor and comedian.\nHe was born to a Jewish mother, actress El\u017cbieta Herszaft-Kowalewska and Polish father, Cyprian Kowalewski, who was a soldier. \nHis first wife Vivian came from Cuba. For many years he has been in a relationship with the actress Ewa Wi\u015bniewska. They split up after Krzysztof met actress Agnieszka Suchora, whom he married in 2002. He has two children: Wiktor (from his relationship with Vivian) and Gabriela (with Agnieszka Suchora).\nKowalewski has been awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (2002), Gold Medal of Medal for Merit to Culture, \"Gloria Artis\" (2009) and Grand Prize Splendor (Wielki Splendor) (1992)", "Q38842": "Moyoco Anno (\u5b89\u91ce \u30e2\u30e8\u30b3, Anno Moyoko, born March 26, 1971) is a Japanese manga artist and fashion writer, with numerous books published in both categories. Her work Sugar, Sugar Rune won the Kodansha manga award for children in 2005. Anno is married to director Hideaki Anno of Neon Genesis Evangelion fame. Anno has aspired to being a manga artist since her third year at elementary school.\n\n", "Q726177": "Carl Hiaasen (; born March 12, 1953) is an American writer. A long-time columnist for the Miami Herald and Tribune Content Agency, Hiaasen has also written more than 20 novels which can generally be classified as humorous crime fiction and often feature themes of environmentalism and political corruption in his native Florida. He began his career as a news reporter and by the late 1970s had begun writing novels in his spare time. In 2002 he also started publishing books for young readers. Two of his novels have been made into feature films.", "Q16567": "Columbus is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio. With a population of 892,533 as of 2018 estimates, it is the 14th-most populous city in the United States and one of the fastest growing large cities in the nation. Columbus is the second-most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago, Illinois. It is the core city of the Columbus, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses ten counties. With a population of 2,106,541, it is Ohio's second-largest metropolitan area.\nColumbus is the county seat of Franklin County. The municipality has also annexed portions of adjoining Delaware and Fairfield counties. Named for explorer Christopher Columbus, the city was founded in 1812, at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers, and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816.\nThe city has a diverse economy based on education, government, insurance, banking, defense, aviation, food, clothes, logistics, steel, energy, medical research, health care, hospitality, retail, and technology. The metropolitan area is home to the Battelle Memorial Institute, the world's largest private research and development foundation; Chemical Abstracts Service, the world's largest clearinghouse of chemical information; NetJets, the world's largest fractional ownership jet aircraft fleet; and Ohio State University, one of the largest universities in the United States. As of 2018, the city has the headquarters of five corporations in the U.S. Fortune 500: American Electric Power, Cardinal Health, L Brands, Nationwide, and Big Lots.", "Q92667": "C. J. \"Keith\" van Rijsbergen FREng (Cornelis Joost van Rijsbergen) (born 1943) was a professor of computer science at the University of Glasgow, where he founded the Glasgow Information Retrieval Group. He is one of the founders of modern Information Retrieval and the author of the seminal monograph Information Retrieval and of the textbook The Geometry of Information Retrieval.\nHe was born in Rotterdam, and educated in the Netherlands, Indonesia, Namibia and Australia.\nHis first degree is in mathematics from the University of Western Australia, and in 1972 he completed a\nPhD in computer science at the University of Cambridge.\nHe spent three years lecturing in information retrieval and artificial intelligence at Monash University\nbefore returning to Cambridge to hold a Royal Society Information Research Fellowship. \nIn 1980 he was appointed to the chair of computer science at University College Dublin;\nfrom there he moved in 1986 to Glasgow University. He chaired the Scientific Board of the Information Retrieval Facility from 2007 to 2012.", "Q236839": "Natalie Dormer (born 11 February 1982) is an English actress. Born in Berkshire, she was educated at Chiltern Edge Secondary School and Reading Blue Coat School, and trained at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art in London. She received widespread praise for her portrayal of Anne Boleyn on the Showtime series The Tudors (2007\u201308), and was nominated for two Gemini Awards for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Drama Series.\nShe made her stage debut at the Young Vic in 2010 in the play Sweet Nothings, and portrayed the Duchess of York in Madonna's film W.E. (2011) and Private Lorraine in Captain America: The First Avenger (2011). In 2012, her lead performance in After Miss Julie at the Young Vic attracted widespread critical acclaim. Dormer gained international attention with her performance of Margaery Tyrell on the HBO series Game of Thrones (2012\u20132016), for which she was nominated for two Screen Actors Guild Awards (2014\u20132015). She is also known for playing Irene Adler / Moriarty on the CBS series Elementary (2013\u201315), Cressida in the science fiction adventure films The Hunger Games: Mockingjay \u2013 Part 1 (2014) and Part 2 (2015), and Sara Price/Jess Price in The Forest (2016).", "Q173463": "Frank Armi (12 October 1918 in Portland, Oregon \u2013 28 November 1992 in Watsonville, California) was an American racecar driver. Armi's racing career ended in the mid-1960s, when he became a television and film sound engineer, specialising in the role of sound technician, including the film The 3rd Voice, starring Edmond O'Brien and Julie London.\nHe worked for Universal Pictures for over twenty-five years. He also served in World War Two and ran an auto parts shop.", "Q711903": "Albert Gleizes (French: [gl\u025bz]; 8 December 1881 \u2013 23 June 1953) was a French artist, theoretician, philosopher, a self-proclaimed founder of Cubism and an influence on the School of Paris. Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinger wrote the first major treatise on Cubism, Du \"Cubisme\", 1912. Gleizes was a founding member of the Section d'Or group of artists. He was also a member of Der Sturm, and his many theoretical writings were originally most appreciated in Germany, where especially at the Bauhaus his ideas were given thoughtful consideration. Gleizes spent four crucial years in New York, and played an important role in making America aware of modern art. He was a member of the Society of Independent Artists, founder of the Ernest-Renan Association, and both a founder and participant in the Abbaye de Cr\u00e9teil. Gleizes exhibited regularly at L\u00e9once Rosenberg's Galerie de l\u2019Effort Moderne in Paris; he was also a founder, organizer and director of Abstraction-Cr\u00e9ation. From the mid-1920s to the late 1930s much of his energy went into writing, e.g., La Peinture et ses lois (Paris, 1923), Vers une conscience plastique: La Forme et l\u2019histoire (Paris, 1932) and Homocentrisme (Sablons, 1937).", "Q76293": "Alexander Johann Heinrich Friedrich \"Alex\" M\u00f6ller (26 April 1903 \u2013 2 October 1985) was a German politician (SPD).\nM\u00f6ller was born in Dortmund. He was a member of the Landtag of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg from 1946 to 5 October 1961, when he was elected to the Bundestag. His successor was Walther W\u00e4ldele. M\u00f6ller stayed in the Bundestag up to 1976.\nFrom 1969 to 1971, M\u00f6ller served as Federal Minister of Finance in the Cabinet of Willy Brandt.\nBesides being active in the SPD, M\u00f6ller was director general of and Chief Executive Officer of the Karlsruher Lebensversicherung AG. Hence, his nickname was Genosse Generaldirektor (roughly, Comrade general director), which he also used as a title of his memoirs (1978).\nM\u00f6ller is an honorary citizen of Karlsruhe, where he died.", "Q163670": "Danny Pieters (born 13 October 1956) is a Belgian politician and is affiliated to the N-VA. He was elected as a member of the Belgian Senate in 2010. He was the 33rd President of the Belgian Senate from July 2010 until October 2011.\nHe obtained a doctorate in law in 1985.\n\n", "Q544038": "David Legeno (12 October 1963 \u2013 July 2014) was an English actor and mixed martial artist.", "Q17986725": "The Night Of is a 2016 American eight-part crime drama television miniseries based on the first season of Criminal Justice, a 2008 British series. The miniseries was written by Richard Price and Steven Zaillian (based on the original Criminal Justice plot by Peter Moffat), and directed by Zaillian and James Marsh. Broadcast on HBO, The Night Of premiered on July 10, 2016 to critical acclaim. The first episode premiered on June 24, 2016, via HBO's on-demand services.", "Q286644": "\u00c9mile de Girardin (22 June 1802 \u2013 27 April 1881) was a French journalist, publisher and politician. He was the most successful and flamboyant French journalist of the era, presenting himself as a promoter of mass education through mass journalism. His magazines reached over a hundred thousand subscribers, and his inexpensive daily newspaper La Presse undersold the competition by half, thanks to its cheaper production and heavier advertising. Like most prominent journalists, Girardin was deeply involved in politics, and served in parliament. To his bitter disappointment, he never held high office. He was a brilliant polemicist, a master of controversy, with pungent short sentences that immediately caught the reader's attention.", "Q99732": "Ursula Reit (March 5, 1914 \u2013 November 9, 1998) also Ursula Reith, was a German television and movie actress, best known for her role as Mrs. Gloop, the mother of Golden Ticket winner Augustus Gloop in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971).\n\n", "Q379684": "Nils-Aslak Valkeap\u00e4\u00e4, known as \u00c1illoha\u0161 in the Northern Sami language (23 March 1943 \u2013 26 November 2001), was a Finnish Sami writer, musician and artist. He was born in Enonteki\u00f6 in Lapland province, Finland. He lived most of his life in K\u00e4sivarsi, close to the border of Sweden, and also in Skibotn in Norway. Valkeap\u00e4\u00e4 was born to a family of traditional reindeer herders, but was trained as a school teacher. His most well-known international debut was when he performed at the opening ceremony of the 1994 Winter Olympic Games in Lillehammer, Norway. He received the Nordic Council Literature Prize for The Sun, My Father in 1991.", "Q120985": "Hertha Thiele (8 May 1908 \u2013 5 August 1984) was a German actress. She is noted for her starring roles in then controversial stage plays and films produced during Germany's Weimar Republic and the early years of the Third Reich. After the post-war partition of Germany, Thiele became a television star in East Germany. She is best remembered for her portrayal of Manuela in the lesbian-themed film M\u00e4dchen in Uniform (1931).\n\n", "Q2488373": "V: The Final Battle (abbreviated as V:TFB) is a 1984 American TV miniseries. It is a sequel to the 1983 miniseries V written by Kenneth Johnson about aliens known as \"The Visitors\" trying to take over Earth.\nJohnson parted ways with NBC over creative differences regarding the content of the miniseries.\nV: The Final Battle is included in the V novelization written by A. C. Crispin.", "Q1061504": "The Stockholm School of Economics (SSE; Swedish: Handelsh\u00f6gskolan i Stockholm, HHS) is one of Europe's leading business schools. SSE offers BSc, MSc and MBA programs, along with highly regarded PhD- and Executive Education programs. \nSSE's Master program in Finance is ranked no.18 worldwide as of 2018. The Masters in Management program is ranked no. 12 worldwide by the Financial Times. QS ranks SSE no.26 among universities in the field of economics worldwide. The school is the only privately funded university in Sweden.\nSSE is accredited by EQUIS and is a member of CEMS.\nSSE has founded sister organizations: SSE Riga in Riga, Latvia, and SSE Russia in St Petersburg and Moscow, Russia. It also operates the European Institute of Japanese Studies (Japanese, kanji: \u6b27\u5dde\u65e5\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u6240, Japanese, romaji: \u014csh\u016b Nihon kenky\u016bjo), a research institute in Tokyo, Japan.", "Q976417": "Joyce Birdsong Beatty (n\u00e9e Hannah; born March 12, 1950) is an American politician who has served as United States Representative for Ohio's 3rd congressional district since 2013. Previously, she was the Senior Vice-President for Outreach and Engagement at Ohio State University. A Democrat, Beatty was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 1999 to 2008, representing the 27th House District; in the Ohio House of Representatives, she served for a time as Minority Leader. Her husband is Otto Beatty Jr., who is also a former Ohio State Representative.\nIn 2012, she ran for the newly redrawn Ohio's 3rd congressional district, based in the City of Columbus, and won the Democratic primary by defeating former U.S. Congresswoman Mary Jo Kilroy. Beatty went on to win the general election against Republican Chris Long.", "Q485116": "Mayhem is a Norwegian black metal band formed in 1984 in Oslo, Norway. They were one of the founders of the Norwegian black metal scene and their music has strongly influenced the black metal genre. Mayhem's early career was highly controversial, primarily due to their notorious live performances, the 1991 suicide of vocalist Per Yngve Ohlin (\"Dead\") and the 1993 murder of guitarist \u00d8ystein Aarseth (\"Euronymous\") by former member Varg Vikernes (\"Count Grishnackh\") of Burzum.\nThe group released a demo and an EP that were highly influential, and amassed a loyal following through sporadic and notorious live performances, attracting further attention through their ties to the string of Norwegian church burnings and the incidents of violence surrounding them. Mayhem disbanded after Aarseth's murder, shortly before the release of their debut album, De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas, regarded as a classic of the black metal genre. Surviving former members Jan Axel Blomberg (\"Hellhammer\"), J\u00f8rn Stubberud (\"Necrobutcher\") and Sven Erik Kristiansen (\"Maniac\") reformed the next year with Rune Eriksen (\"Blasphemer\") replacing Aarseth. Attila Csihar and Morten Iversen (\"Teloch\") have since replaced Kristiansen and Eriksen, respectively. Their post-Aarseth material is characterized by increased experimentation. The 2007 album Ordo Ad Chao received the Spellemann Award for best heavy metal album.", "Q639725": "Thomas Anthony \"Tony\" Ryan (2 February 1936 \u2013 3 October 2007) was an Irish billionaire, philanthropist and businessman. \nThrough his establishment of Guinness Peat Aviation in 1975 he began a course of events which ultimately lead to the development of the international aircraft leasing industry, although he is best known in the public mind as the founder of the eponymous Ryanair with Christopher Ryan and Liam Lonergan. Ryanair was believed to be the main source of his wealth in later life: the company is now one of the biggest airlines in Europe and is valued at over 15 billion Euros as of December 2019.Ryan held honorary doctorates from several universities, including Trinity College, Dublin, the National University of Ireland, Galway and the University of Limerick.\n\n", "Q90070": "Gustav Ernst (born 23 August 1944) is an Austrian playwright, novelist and screenwriter. He has also founded and edited two literary journals, Wespennest and kolik.\nErnst was born in Vienna, where he read Philosophy, Psychology and History at the University of Vienna. He lives in Leopoldstadt.", "Q319170": "Rome Adventure, also known as Lovers Must Learn, is a 1962 romantic drama film, based on the 1932 novel Lovers Must Learn by Irving Fineman. It was directed by Delmer Daves and stars Troy Donahue, Angie Dickinson, and Suzanne Pleshette.", "Q4120392": "Mohamed Alabbar (Arabic: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u200e), (born \tNovember 8, 1956) is an Emirati businessman and global entrepreneur. He is best known as the founder and chairman of Emaar Properties, the developer of assets such as the Burj Khalifa and the Dubai Mall, as well as the chairman of Eagle Hills, the Abu Dhabi based private investment and real estate development company. He is also the founder and director of noon.com, an e-commerce ecosystem for the Arab world and largest GCC e-commerce company and the chairman of Americana Group, in food industries.\nEmaar Properties is one of the largest real estate development companies in the world with annual revenue of US$6.99 billion in 2018 and a market cap of over US$9.7 billion, known for developing the world's tallest building Burj Khalifa, the world's largest and most visited mall The Dubai Mall, which are part of Emaar's 500-acre flagship mega-development Downtown Dubai, as well as Dubai Creek Tower at the heart of the Dubai Creek Harbour masterplan, the 2,000-seat Dubai Opera, Dubai Marina, Emirates Hills, regarded as \"the Beverly Hills of Dubai\" and King Abdullah Economic City, established with King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia as one of the largest private developments in the region spanning 64 square miles. Alabbar, who acts as a top adviser to the Ruler of Dubai and Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, formerly served as the founding director general of the Dubai Department of Economic Development.noon.com is a joint venture between the Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia and Mohamed Alabbar. noon\u2019s consumer platform first went live in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on 12 December 2017 and has operations in KSA, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt. \nPrimarily a digital e-commerce platform.", "Q439951": "Barbara Colby (July 2, 1939 \u2013 July 24, 1975) was an American actress.", "Q43228": "Goodbye, Mr. Chips is a 1939 romantic drama film directed by Sam Wood and starring Robert Donat and Greer Garson. Based on the 1934 novella Goodbye, Mr. Chips by James Hilton, the film is about Mr Chipping, a beloved aged school teacher and former headmaster of a boarding school who recalls his career and his personal life over the decades. Produced for the British division of MGM at Denham Studios, the film was dedicated to Irving Thalberg, who had died on 14 September 1936. For his performance as Mr. Chipping, Donat received the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1939. At the time of its release, the picture appeared on FIlm Daily's and the National Board of Review's ten best lists for 1939, and received the \"best picture\" distinction in the Hollywood Reporter Preview Poll of May 1939.", "Q671985": "Arkady Arkadyevich Babchenko (Russian: \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0434\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e; born 18 March 1977) is a Russian print and television journalist. From 1995, Babchenko served in the communication corps in the North Caucasus while participating in the First Chechen War. He later volunteered for six months during the Second Chechen War. After leaving the army in 2000 he worked as a war correspondent for more than a decade. Since 2017 he has worked as a presenter for the (Kiev based) TV channel ATR. In 2006 he published the book One Soldier's War, about his experiences in Chechnya.It was reported on 29 May 2018 that Babchenko had been shot dead in his home in Kiev, Ukraine. The next day, he appeared in person at a press conference with the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU). The SBU said it staged Babchenko's murder in order to arrest Ukrainian assassins (allegedly recruited by Russian security services operatives) who were actually planning on carrying out the assassination.", "Q1093792": "Kenneth Charles Williams (22 February 1926 \u2013 15 April 1988) was an English actor, best known for his comedy roles and in later life as a raconteur and diarist. He was one of the main ensemble in 26 of the 31 Carry On films, and appeared in many British television programmes and radio comedies, including series with Tony Hancock and Kenneth Horne.Williams grew up in Central London in a working-class family. He served in the Royal Engineers during World War II, where he first became interested in becoming an entertainer. After a short spell in repertory theatre as a serious actor, he turned to comedy and achieved national fame in Hancock's Half Hour. He sustained continued success throughout the 1960s and 1970s with his regular appearances in Carry On films, and subsequently kept himself in the public eye with chat shows and other television work.\nWilliams was fondly regarded in the entertainment industry; in private life however he suffered from depression. He kept a series of diaries throughout his life that achieved posthumous acclaim.\n\n", "Q233941": "Sissel Kyrkjeb\u00f8 (Norwegian pronunciation: [\u02c8s\u026a\u0300s\u02d0l\u0329 \u02c8\u00e7\u028f\u0300\u0281\u00e7\u0259\u02ccb\u00f8\u02d0]; born 24 June 1969), also simply known as Sissel, is a Norwegian soprano.\nSissel is considered one of the world's top crossover sopranos. Her musical style ranges from pop recordings and folk songs, to classical vocals and operatic arias. She possesses a \"crystalline\" voice and wide vocal range, sweeping down from mezzo-soprano notes, in arias such as Mon c\u0153ur s'ouvre \u00e0 ta voix from Saint-Sa\u00ebns's opera Samson et Dalila, to the F natural above soprano C. She sings mainly in English and Norwegian, but has also sung songs in Swedish, Danish, Irish, Italian, French, Russian, Icelandic, Faroese, German, Neapolitan, M\u0101ori, Japanese, and Latin.\nShe is well known for singing the Olympic Hymn (Hymne Olympique) at the opening and closing ceremonies of the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway; for duets with Pl\u00e1cido Domingo, Jos\u00e9 Carreras, Andrea Bocelli, Bryn Terfel, Josh Groban, Neil Sedaka, Mario Frangoulis, Russell Watson, Brian May, Tommy K\u00f6rberg, Diana Krall, Warren G, Charles Aznavour, Dee Dee Bridgewater and The Chieftains; and her participation on the Titanic film soundtrack.\nSissel received her first U.S. Grammy nominations on 6 December 2007 for a collaboration with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. Spirit of the Season, a collection of songs from the choir's 2006 Christmas concert at Temple Square, was nominated for the Best Classical Crossover Album of the Year, as well as Best Engineered Classical Album.Sissel's combined solo record sales (not including soundtracks and other albums to which she contributed) amount to 10 million albums sold, most of them in Norway, a country with 5 million people. Her albums have also sold well in Sweden, Denmark and Japan. Together with Odd Nordstoga, they are the only Norwegian artists to have an album go 11 times platinum in album sales for Str\u00e5lande jul\" (Glorious Christmas).\nHer first name 'Sissel' is a Norwegian variant of 'Cecilia'. This is a popular first name from Saint Cecilia, the patron saint of church music.", "Q42122": "Tomas G\u00f6sta Transtr\u00f6mer (Swedish: [\u02c8t\u028a\u030cm\u02d0as \u02c8j\u0153\u0302s\u02d0ta \u02c8tr\u0251\u0302\u02d0n\u02ccstr\u0153m\u02d0\u025br]; 15 April 1931 \u2013 26 March 2015) was a Swedish poet, psychologist and translator. His poems captured the long Swedish winters, the rhythm of the seasons and the palpable, atmospheric beauty of nature. Transtr\u00f6mer's work is also characterized by a sense of mystery and wonder underlying the routine of everyday life, a quality which often gives his poems a religious dimension. He has been described as a Christian poet.Transtr\u00f6mer is acclaimed as one of the most important Scandinavian writers since the Second World War. Critics praised his poetry for its accessibility, even in translation. His poetry has been translated into over 60 languages. He was the recipient of the 1990 Neustadt International Prize for Literature and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Q96415": "Carl Melchior (October 13, 1871 \u2013 December 30, 1933) was born in Hamburg. Melchior studied law and eventually was appointed a judge, and later became a German banker and vice-president of the Bank for International Settlements.", "Q1585461": "Harlan Perry Howard (September 8, 1927 \u2013 March 3, 2002) was an American songwriter, principally in country music. In a career spanning six decades, Howard wrote many popular and enduring songs, recorded by a variety of different artists.", "Q86606": "Albrecht von Stosch (20 April 1818 \u2013 29 February 1896) was a German General of the Infantry and Admiral who served as first chief of the newly created Imperial German Navy from 1872 to 1883.Born in Koblenz, he was a cousin of Hans Stosch-Sarrasani, the founder of the circus called Sarrasani. \nStosch died in Rheingau. There is an island in Chile named after him, Isla Stosch.", "Q1061510": "Egyptians (Arabic: \u0645\u0650\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646\u200e [Misriyun]; Coptic: \u2c9b\u2c93\u2ca3\u2c89\u2c99\u2c9b\u0300\u2cad\u2c8f\u2c99\u2c93 [Nir\u00e6menk\u0101mi]) are the people inhabiting the country of Egypt. Egyptian identity is closely tied to geography. The population is concentrated in the lower Nile Valley, a small strip of cultivable land stretching from the First Cataract to the Mediterranean and enclosed by desert both to the east and to the west. This unique geography has been the basis of the development of Egyptian society since antiquity.\nThe daily language of the Egyptians is a continuum of the local varieties of Arabic, the most famous dialect is known as Egyptian Arabic or Masri. Additionally, a sizable minority of Egyptians living in Upper Egypt speak Sa'idi Arabic. Egyptians are predominantly adherents of Sunni Islam with a Shia minority and a significant proportion who follow native Sufi orders. A considerable percentage of Egyptians are Coptic Christians who belong to the Coptic Orthodox Church, whose liturgical language, Coptic, is the most recent stage of the ancient Egyptian language and is still used in prayers along with Arabic.", "Q121457": "Sebastian Peregrin Zwyer (of Evibach) (1597 \u2013 February 15, 1661) was a Swiss military commander, mercenary entrepreneur, and one of the foremost politicians of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the seventeenth century.A native of the Swiss canton of Uri (he was probably born in Klingnau), Zwyer initially pursued a military career. From 1612 to 1617, he served in a mercenary regiment in the service of Spain and Milan; from 1619 to 1642 he was in service for the Habsburg emperors, first for Ferdinand II and then Ferdinand III. Zwyer fought in several battles of the Thirty Years' War. He participated in the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, fought at Gl\u00fcckstadt in 1624, at Mantua in 1630, and at N\u00f6rdlingen in 1634.\nIn 1635 he was promoted to the rank of Major-General and made a member of the emperor's staff, where he was responsible for reforming the armies following the Swedish example. From 1638 to 1641 he again fought in northern Italy, commanding his own regiment of Swiss mercenaries. He abandoned his military career in 1642 at the rank of Lieutenant Field Marshal (equivalent to a lieutenant general).\nIn 1642 he returned to Uri and became active in local politics. 1643 the emperor named Zwyer his official envoy in the Confederacy. From 1644 to 1659, he filled the top positions in Uri: he was one of the two representatives of Uri at the Tagsatzung, the federal council of the Old Swiss Confederacy, and from 1647 on also the Landammann (head of state) of the canton. In 1648, the Tagsatzung designated him and Johann Rudolf Wettstein, the mayor of Basel, the official negotiators of the Confederacy at the Treaty of Westphalia with the task to ensure the formal exemption of the Confederacy from the Holy Roman Empire.\nDuring the Swiss peasant war of 1653, Zwyer commanded the joint troops of the city of Lucerne and Uri, putting down the revolt in the Entlebuch valley in the canton of Lucerne. Three years later, he again commanded Catholic troops in the First war of Villmergen, when he led the defence of Rapperswil against attack from Zurich troops but refused to take direct offensive action himself.\n\n", "Q1077372": "Chris Jarrett (born 1956) is an American pianist and composer who has lived in Germany since 1985. Chris Jarrett was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. as the youngest of five sons of the couple Daniel and Irma Jarrett. The parents divorced when Chris was still a toddler. All the children of the family were musical and three became professional musicians. His eldest brother is the pianist Keith Jarrett. He received private lessons with Vincenz Ruzicka (himself a student of Rosina Lhevinne) as a 13-year-old and continued his studies at the renowned Oberlin Conservatory of Music (Ohio).\nIn 1985 he went to Germany studying at the Carl von Ossietzky University in Oldenburg. From 1988 to 1989, he taught at the college. This is where his career as a professional musician began. He first composed smaller pieces for piano, later added chamber music, ballets, film music, operas, oratorios and larger orchestral pieces. After his time in Oldenburg, he lived in Neuh\u00e4usel near Koblenz (Rhineland-Palatinate). In 2006 he moved to Paris, but soon returned to Germany and has since lived in the southern Palatinate.\nFrom 1985 on, he has continued touring clubs, theaters and concert halls all over the world as a pianist. He has appeared in countries including most European states, Russia, the Ukraine and Canada, North Africa, Australia and Indonesia. He has appeared on stages alone or with musicians like Dhafir Youssef, Zoltan lantos, Luca Ciarla, Ramesh Shotham, Pascal Gully, Erwin Ditzner or Leszek Mozdzer. He also performs regularly in a duo with the drummer Erwin Ditzner and leads the quartet Four Free.\nHe performs primarily as a solo pianist, playing his own compositions with influences from classical music and jazz improvisation; but in 2014 he launched a career as an organist as well. He concertizes with his improvisational organ music, \"New Journeys,\" in European cathedrals and on some of the world's most renowned instruments.\nJarrett's wife is the classical pianist Martina Cukrov Jarrett with whom he also occasionally appears for piano duo concerts. Since 2019, Chris Jarrett teaches music history as a guest lecturer at the Johannes-Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany.", "Q87518": "Johann Heinrich Westphal (January 31, 1794 \u2013 1831) was a German astronomer. Not to be confused with J. G. Westphal, who discovered the lost periodic comet 20D/Westphal in 1852.\nHe was born in Schwerin. His professional career was spent mostly in Italy. He translated Giuseppe Piazzi's Lezioni elementari di astronomia ad use del real osservatorio di Palermo into German. He died in Sicily.", "Q379848": "Los Alamos National Laboratory (Los Alamos or LANL for short) is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory initially organized during World War II for the design of nuclear weapons as part of the Manhattan Project. It is located a short distance northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico, in the southwestern United States.\nLos Alamos was selected as the top secret location for bomb design in late 1942, and officially commissioned the next year, under the management of University of California. At the time it was known as Project Y and was the center for weapon design and overall coordination. Other labs, today known as Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Hanford Site, concentrated on the production of uranium and plutonium bomb fuels. Los Alamos was the heart of the project, collecting together some of the world's most famous scientists, among them numerous Nobel Prize winners. The site was known variously as Project Y, Los Alamos Laboratory, and Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory through this period.The lab's existence was announced to the world in the post-WWII era, when it became known universally as Los Alamos. In 1952, the Atomic Energy Commission formed a second design lab under the direction of the University of California, Berkeley, becoming the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Since that date the two labs have competed on a wide variety of bomb designs. With the ending of the Cold War, both labs turned their focus increasingly to civilian missions. Today, Los Alamos is one of the largest science and technology institutions in the world. It conducts multidisciplinary research in fields such as national security, space exploration, nuclear fusion, renewable energy, medicine, nanotechnology, and supercomputing. The town of Los Alamos, New Mexico, directly north of the lab, grew extensively through this period.\nAfter several reorganizations, LANL is currently managed and operated by Triad National Security, LLC.", "Q4110245": "Eternal Call (Russian: \u0412\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u0432) was a Soviet 1973\u20131983 epic TV series by the eponymous novel of Anatoli Ivanov shot by Mosfilm.The series traces the fates of a Siberian family of Savelievs since 1906 into 1960s, including three wars, Russian Revolution, establishment of the Soviet power, epoch of Stalinism, etc.", "Q202550": "Dido Florian Cloud de Bounevialle O'Malley Armstrong (born 25 December 1971), known professionally as Dido ( DY-doh), is an English singer and songwriter. Dido attained international success with her debut album No Angel (1999). Hit singles from the album include \"Here with Me\" and \"Thank You\". It sold over 21 million copies worldwide, and won her several awards, including two Brit Awards: Best British Female and Best British Album, and the MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act. The first verse of \"Thank You\" is sampled in \"Stan\", a collaboration with Eminem. Her next album, Life for Rent (2003), continued her success with the hit singles \"White Flag\" and \"Life for Rent\". In 2004 Dido performed with other British and Irish artists in the Band Aid 20 version of the charity single \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\".\nDido's first two albums are among the best-selling albums in UK chart history, and both are in the top 10 best-selling albums of the 2000s in the UK. Her third studio album, Safe Trip Home (2008), received critical acclaim but failed to duplicate the commercial success of her previous efforts. She was nominated for an Academy Award for the song \"If I Rise\". Dido was ranked No. 98 on the Billboard chart of the top Billboard 200 artists of the 2000s (2000\u20132009) based on the success of her albums in the first decade of the 21st century. In May 2019, Dido received the Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Song Collection from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors.Dido made a comeback in 2013, releasing her fourth studio album Girl Who Got Away, which reached the top 5 in the UK. Having taken time out of the music industry to raise her son, she reappeared on stage at the 2013 Reading and Leeds festival where she reunited with Eminem. In 2018, Dido announced her first tour in 15 years in support of her new album, Still on My Mind, that was released on 8 March 2019.", "Q275900": "Mamoru Fujisawa (\u85e4\u6fa4 \u5b88, Fujisawa Mamoru, born December 6, 1950), known professionally as Joe Hisaishi (\u4e45\u77f3 \u8b72, Hisaishi J\u014d), is a Japanese composer and musical director known for over 100 film scores and solo albums dating back to 1981. Hisaishi is also known for his piano scores.While possessing a stylistically distinct sound, Hisaishi's music has been known to explore and incorporate different genres, including minimalist, experimental electronic, European classical, and Japanese classical. Lesser known are the other musical roles he plays; he is also a typesetter, author, arranger, and conductor.\nHe has been associated with animator Hayao Miyazaki since 1984, having composed scores for all but one of his films. He is also recognized for the soundtracks he has provided for filmmaker 'Beat' Takeshi Kitano, including A Scene at the Sea (1991), Sonatine (1993), Kids Return (1996), Hana-bi (1997), Kikujiro (1999), and Dolls (2002), as well for the video game series Ni no Kuni. He was a student of legendary anime composer Takeo Watanabe.", "Q47002841": "NCT Dream is a South Korean group and the third sub-unit of K-pop boyband NCT, formed by SM Entertainment in 2016 then as the youth/teen-aged unit of NCT, later re-branded in 2020 when the members became adults. The group debuted in August 2016 with the single \"Chewing Gum\", with seven members Mark, Renjun, Jeno, Haechan, Jaemin, Chenle, and Jisung, then at an average age of 15.6 years old. NCT Dream has been internationally recognised as among most notable teen-aged artists of their time, known for music reflecting the growth of the youth. The narrative of their title tracks have conveyed thoughts following different stages of adolescent development, with transition from innocence to rebellion and growth. So far, NCT Dream have released three extended plays, six singles, and headlined one international tour in Asia. Commercial success of their 2019 EP release We Boom turned NCT Dream into one of the top 10 best physical sellers of South Korea in 2019 and earned them Bonsang Awards at the 34th Golden Disc Awards and 2020 Seoul Music Awards.Although NCT Dream was initially formed to follow an aged-based admission-graduation system in which members would move on from the unit after reaching the Korean age of 20 (19 internationally), in 2020 SM Entertainment announced the admission-graduation system to be removed, with previously graduated member Mark set to return, and NCT Dream will continue activities as a flexible-style group with the seven original members. Their fourth EP, titled Reload, will be released in April 2020 to mark this shift in their concept.NCT Dream is the first and only Asian artist to have appeared twice consecutively on Billboard's \"21 Under 21\" list, in 2018 and 2019, at #20 and #13 respectively, chosen for their industry impact on sales, streaming and social media. In 2018, when Time compiled a list of \"25 Most Influential Teens\" of the year, NCT Dream with all members were featured, highlighting their connection - as teenagers - to teenagers. They were the only Korean artists on both lists.\n\n", "Q57249": "Ferdinand Porsche (3 September 1875 \u2013 30 January 1951) was an Austrian-German automotive engineer and founder of the Porsche car company. He is best known for creating the first gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle (Lohner-Porsche), the Volkswagen Beetle, the Mercedes-Benz SS/SSK, several other important developments and Porsche automobiles.\nAn important contributor to the German war effort during World War II, Porsche was involved in the production of advanced tanks such as the VK 4501 (P), Tiger I, Tiger II, Elefant, and Panzer VIII Maus, as well as other weapon systems, including the V-1 flying bomb. Porsche was a member of the Nazi Party, and was called the \"Great German Engineer\" by Nazi officials. He was a recipient of the German National Prize for Art and Science, the SS-Ehrenring and the War Merit Cross.\nPorsche was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1996 and won the Car Engineer of the Century award in 1999.", "Q1356462": "Ernest Mercier (1878 \u2013 1955) was a French industrialist, director of the French Petroleum Company (CFP), the forerunner of the French petroleum conglomerate Total. His father, Jean Ernest Mercier, was an historian and the mayor of Constantine, Algeria, Algeria (then a French colony), where Ernest was born.", "Q77199": "Georg Julius Justus Sauerwein (15 January 1831 in Hanover \u2013 16 December 1904 in Kristiania (now Oslo)) was a German publisher, polyglot, poet, and linguist. He is buried at Gronau.\nSauerwein was the greatest linguistic prodigy of his time and mastered about 75 languages.", "Q238800": "Britt-Inger Johansson, known professionally as Kristina Wayborn (born 24 September 1950), is a Swedish actress who worked mostly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Q61923": "The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United Nations specialized agency responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. It is the leading international organization in the field of tourism, which promotes tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability and offers leadership and support to the sector in advancing knowledge and tourism policies worldwide. It serves as a global forum for tourism policy issues and a practical source of tourism knowledge. It encourages the implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism to maximize the contribution of tourism to socio-economic development, while minimizing its possible negative impacts, and is committed to promoting tourism as an instrument in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), geared towards eliminating poverty and fostering sustainable development and peace worldwide.\nUNWTO generates market knowledge, promotes competitive and sustainable tourism policies and instruments, fosters tourism education and training, and works to make tourism an effective tool for development through technical assistance projects in over 100 countries around the world.\nUNWTO's membership includes 158 countries, six territories and over 500 affiliate members representing the private sector, educational institutions, tourism associations and local tourism authorities. Its headquarters are in Madrid.\n\n", "Q84011": "David Bezmozgis (Latvian: D\u0101vids Bezmozgis; born 1973) is a Latvian Canadian writer and filmmaker, currently the head of Humber College's School for Writers.", "Q432810": "Tito and Me (Serbian: \u0422\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0458\u0430, Tito i ja) is a 1992 Yugoslav comedy film by Serbian director Goran Markovi\u0107. The film was made during one of the most difficult periods in the history of the Balkans. Its quirky humor marked the beginning of the end for the country it celebrates and mercilessly criticises at the same time.", "Q363810": "Timothy Thomas \"Tim\" Powers (born February 29, 1952) is an American science fiction and fantasy author. Powers has won the World Fantasy Award twice for his critically acclaimed novels Last Call and Declare. His 1987 novel On Stranger Tides served as inspiration for the Monkey Island franchise of video games and was optioned for adaptation into the fourth Pirates of the Caribbean film.\nMost of Powers' novels are \"secret histories\". He uses actual, documented historical events featuring famous people, but shows another view of them in which occult or supernatural factors heavily influence the motivations and actions of the characters.\nTypically, Powers strictly adheres to established historical facts. He reads extensively on a given subject, and the plot develops as he notes inconsistencies, gaps and curious data; regarding his 2001 novel Declare, he stated,\nI made it an ironclad rule that I could not change or disregard any of the recorded facts, nor rearrange any days of the calendar \u2013 and then I tried to figure out what momentous but unrecorded fact could explain them all.", "Q3273919": "Suffern is a village that was incorporated in 1796 in the town of Ramapo, Rockland County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, Suffern's population was 10,723.", "Q66094": "J\u00fcrgen Stark (born 31 May 1948 in Gau-Odernheim, Germany) is a German economist who has been a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank (ECB) from June 2006, but announced in September 2011 he would resign later that year. Within the Executive Board he is responsible for Economics and for Monetary Analysis and is often referred to as the \"chief economist\" of the ECB, although this is not his official title.", "Q270878": "Sarah McLeod (born 18 July 1971) is a New Zealand film and television actress. Her most notable role was in the Peter Jackson films The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King as Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit who marries Samwise Gamgee. Her daughter Maisy played Rosie and Sam's baby. McLeod also co-starred in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as Cindy Watson from 2008 to 2009.", "Q1429947": "The Human Rights League (French: Ligue des droits de l\u2019homme [et du citoyen] or LDH) of France, is a Human Rights NGO association to observe, defend and promulgation of Rights Man within the French Republic in all spheres of public life. The LDH is a member of the International Federation of Human Rights Leagues (FIDH).", "Q82460": "Sharon Mesmer (born in Chicago, Illinois) is a Polish-American poet, fiction writer, essayist and professor of creative writing. Her poetry collections are Annoying Diabetic Bitch (Combo Books, 2008), The Virgin Formica (Hanging Loose Press, 2008), Vertigo Seeks Affinities (chapbook, Belladonna Books, 2007), Half Angel, Half Lunch (Hard Press, 1998) and Crossing Second Avenue (chapbook, ABJ Press, Tokyo, 1997, published to coincide with a month-long reading tour of Japan sponsored by American Book Jam magazine). Her fiction collections are Ma Vie \u00e0 Yonago (Hachette Litt\u00e9ratures, Paris, in French translation by Daniel Bismuth, 2005), In Ordinary Time (Hanging Loose Press, 2005) and The Empty Quarter (Hanging Loose Press, 2005). She teaches in the undergraduate and graduate programs of New York University and The New School. She has lived in Brooklyn, New York since 1988 and is a distant relative of Franz Anton Mesmer, proponent of animal magnetism (or mesmerism) and Otto Messmer, the American animator best known for creating Felix the Cat.", "Q68907": "Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Borgward (November 10, 1890 in Altona, Hamburg \u2013 July 28, 1963 in Bremen) was a German engineer and designer and the creator of the Borgward group, based in Bremen.", "Q10664": "Arthur Neville Chamberlain (; 18 March 1869 \u2013 9 November 1940) was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940. He is best known for his foreign policy of appeasement, and in particular for his signing of the Munich Agreement on 30 September 1938, conceding the German-speaking Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia to Germany. Following the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, which marked the beginning of World War II, Chamberlain announced the declaration of war on Germany two days later and led Great Britain through the first eight months of the war until his resignation as prime minister on 10 May 1940.\nAfter working in business and local government, and after a short spell as Director of National Service in 1916 and 1917, Chamberlain followed his father, Joseph Chamberlain, and older half-brother, Austen Chamberlain, in becoming a Member of Parliament in the 1918 general election for the new Birmingham Ladywood division at the age of 49. He declined a junior ministerial position, remaining a backbencher until 1922. He was rapidly promoted in 1923 to Minister of Health and then Chancellor of the Exchequer. After a short-lived Labour-led government, he returned as Minister of Health, introducing a range of reform measures from 1924 to 1929. He was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in the National Government in 1931.\nChamberlain succeeded Stanley Baldwin as prime minister on 28 May 1937. His premiership was dominated by the question of policy towards an increasingly aggressive Germany, and his actions at Munich were widely popular among the British at the time. In response to Hitler's continued aggression, Chamberlain pledged Great Britain to defend Poland's independence if the latter were attacked, an alliance that brought his country into war after the German invasion of Poland. The failure of Allied forces to prevent the German invasion of Norway caused the House of Commons to hold the historic Norway Debate in May 1940. Chamberlain's conduct of the war was heavily criticised by members of all parties and, in a vote of confidence, his government's majority was greatly reduced. Accepting that a national government supported by all the main parties was essential, Chamberlain resigned the premiership because the Labour and Liberal parties would not serve under his leadership. Although he still led the Conservative Party, he was succeeded as prime minister by his colleague Winston Churchill. Until ill health forced him to resign on 22 September 1940, Chamberlain was an important member of the war cabinet as Lord President of the Council, heading the government in Churchill's absence. Chamberlain died at 71 on 9 November 1940 of cancer, six months after leaving the premiership.\nChamberlain's reputation remains controversial among historians, the initial high regard for him being entirely eroded by books such as Guilty Men, published in July 1940, which blamed Chamberlain and his associates for the Munich accord and for allegedly failing to prepare the country for war. Most historians in the generation following Chamberlain's death held similar views, led by Churchill in The Gathering Storm. Some later historians have taken a more favourable perspective of Chamberlain and his policies, citing government papers released under the Thirty Year Rule and arguing that going to war with Germany in 1938 would have been disastrous as the UK was unprepared. Nonetheless, Chamberlain is still unfavourably ranked amongst British Prime Ministers.", "Q163102": "Henry (VII) (1211 \u2013 12 February ? 1242), a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was King of Sicily from 1212 until 1217 and King of Germany (formally Rex Romanorum) from 1220 until 1235, as son and co-ruler of Emperor Frederick II. He was the seventh Henry to rule Germany, but in order to avoid confusion with the Luxembourg emperor Henry VII, he is usually numbered Henry (VII).", "Q443757": "Michelle Horn is an American actress known for her work in the TV shows Strong Medicine and Family Law. Horn is also known for her voiceover work as young Kiara in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride. Her voice can be heard in Lion King-related merchandise such as software, plushes, toys and video games. Horn also costarred with Bruce Willis in the 2005 feature Hostage as Jennifer Smith and appeared on Loving Annabelle as Kristen and on Family Guy as Eliza Pinchley. She also guest starred in two episodes of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, \"Tears of the Prophets\" and \"Penumbra,\" as Sahgi, a young Bajoran resident of Deep Space Nine. She also guest starred in an episode of Without a Trace, \"4.0\" as Tara Patterson.", "Q92115": "Franz von L\u00f6her (15 October 1818, Paderborn, Westphalia \u2013 1 March 1892, Munich) numbered among the democrats during the revolutions of 1848 in Germany. He was a German jurist and historian. He toured the United States extensively.", "Q6867974": "The Minneapolis College of Art and Design (MCAD) is a private college specializing in the visual arts and located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. MCAD currently enrolls approximately 800 students. MCAD is one of just a few major art schools to offer a major in comic art.", "Q388669": "Jacques Lemaigre Dubreuil (1894\u20131955) was a businessman and activist, born in Solignac on October 30, 1894 and murdered in Casablanca on June 11, 1955.He married Simone Lesieur, daughter of Georges Lesieur \u2013 founder of the brand of edible oils of the same name (Huiles Lesieur). Having joined its board of directors in 1926, he directed and developed the company until his death. He owned the Maroc-Presse newspaper and had interests in the Printemps department store chain.\nA militant of the extreme right, he was one of the funders of La Cagoule in the late 1930s.During the Second World War, he was very active in the underground. He was one of those who favoured the Allied landings in North Africa, on 8 November 1942, Operation Torch. He was a link between Robert Murphy and Henri Giraud; when the latter arrived in Algeria, he was accommodated in Lemaigre-Dubreuil's houseLater, Lemaigre Dubreuil was very active in supporting Moroccan claims for autonomy, for which he drew fierce hatred from movements supporting the retention of Morocco as a French protectorate. These movements, described at the time as terrorist-cons had many accomplices in European circles, including the French administration. It is suspected the French secret service were closely related to some of them, such as La Main Rouge (Red Hand).\nLemaigre-Dubreuil was assassinated in Casablanca on the evening of June 11, 1955, in the square that later bore his name, at the foot of the \"Libert\u00e9\" building where he lived. His funeral took place on June 14 in the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart of Casablanca.", "Q673638": "John Tilden Locke (September 25, 1943 \u2013 August 4, 2006) was an American rock keyboardist and a member of the rock group Spirit. Locke was also a member of the band Nazareth in the early 1980s.", "Q1177366": "David Morritz de Kretser, (born 27 April 1939) is an Australian medical researcher who served as the 27th Governor of Victoria, from 2006 to 2011.", "Q104199": "Marc-Uwe Kling (born 1982 in Stuttgart) is a German songwriter, author and Kabarett (political stand-up comedy) artist. He studied Philosophy and Dramatics at Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin.Since 2003, Kling regularly performs on various stages in Berlin. Frequently, he performs at literary and Kabarett events as well as poetry slams. In 2004 he founded a serial public literary event called Lesed\u00fcne (a pun made of the German words Leseb\u00fchne, \"lecture stage\", and D\u00fcne, \"dune\"). Since 2005 Kling tours with his program Wenn alle Stricke rei\u00dfen, kann man sich nicht mal mehr aufh\u00e4ngen (literally, \"If all ropes snap, you can't even hang yourself anymore\"), which is also the title of his first CD. Every first Tuesday of the month he organizes and hosts the Kreuzberg Slam in the Lido (formerly Kato) location, and every first Wednesday the Poetry Slam of Studentisches Kulturzentrum in Potsdam.Currently, he authors a weekly podcast Neues vom K\u00e4nguru (roughly: \"News from the Kangaroo\"), for Fritz, a Potsdam-based radio-station, which deals with the same theme as his book Die K\u00e4nguru-Chroniken (\"The Kangaroo Chronicles\"): A \"phlegmatic anarchist\" himself, he lives with a talking, \"pragmatically communist\" kangaroo as his roommate.\n2017 Kling published the \u201efunny Dystopia\u201c QualityLand. The novel describes the near future, where internet shopping have just one button left: \"OK\". To make this possible computers have to understand humans. The disadvantage is, that sometimes the computers gets crazy like Tay. At his point the novel starts ...\nIn March 2019 HBO announced to create a series with Mike Judge.", "Q462799": "Evanston () is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States. Home to Northwestern University, it is situated 12 miles (19 km) north of downtown Chicago, bordered by Chicago to the south, Skokie to the west, and Wilmette to the north. It had a population of 74,486 as of 2010. It is one of the affluent North Shore communities that adjoin Lake Michigan. The boundaries of the city of Evanston are coterminous with those of the former Evanston Township, which was dissolved in 2014 by voters with its functions being absorbed by the city of Evanston.\n\n", "Q2034069": "Henri Schneider (18 December 1840 \u2013 17 May 1898) was a French businessman and politician.", "Q551421": "Yohanan Bader, Jan Bader (Hebrew: \u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05e0\u05df \u05d1\u05d3\u05e8\u200e, 19 August 1901 \u2013 16 June 1994) was a Revisionist Zionist leader and Israeli politician.\n\n", "Q4044": "Offenburg (\"open borough\" - coat of arms showing open gates; Fr. Offenbourg) is a city located in the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. With about 57,000 inhabitants (2013), it is the largest city and the administrative capital of the Ortenaukreis.", "Q219170": "Day of the Dead is a 1985 American zombie horror film written and directed by George A. Romero. It was produced by Richard P. Rubinstein. The film is the third film in Romero's Night of the Living Dead series. Romero described the film as a \"tragedy about how a lack of human communication causes chaos and collapse even in this small little pie slice of society.\"Day of the Dead was filmed in fall 1984 with above-ground scenes in the Florida cities of Fort Myers and Sanibel and underground scenes near Wampum, Pennsylvania. The film was made on a budget estimated at $3.5 million and grossed approximately $34 million worldwide. The film was remade twice: the first is the 2008 film of the same name and the second is Day of the Dead: Bloodline (2018).", "Q660122": "Warren Garst (December 4, 1850 \u2013 October 5, 1924) was an American politician, Iowa State Senator, a member of the Republican Party, the Lieutenant Governor of Iowa, and the 19th Governor of Iowa.", "Q202236": "Darius II (Old Persian: D\u0101rayavahu\u0161), also called Darius II Nothus or Darius II Ochus, was king of kings of the Persian Empire from 423 BC to 404 or 405 BC.Artaxerxes I, who died in 424 BC, was followed by his son Xerxes II. After a month and half Xerxes II was murdered by his brother Secydianus or Sogdianus (the form of the name is uncertain). His illegitimate brother, Ochus, satrap of Hyrcania, rebelled against Sogdianus, and after a short fight killed him, and suppressed by treachery the attempt of his own brother Arsites to imitate his example. Ochus adopted the name Darius (Greek sources often call him Darius Nothos, \"Bastard\"). Neither the names Xerxes II nor Sogdianus occur in the dates of the numerous Babylonian tablets from Nippur; here effectively the reign of Darius II follows immediately after that of Artaxerxes I.\n\nHistorians know little about Darius II's reign. A rebellion by the Medes in 409 BC is mentioned by Xenophon. It does seem that Darius II was quite dependent on his wife Parysatis. In excerpts from Ctesias some harem intrigues are recorded, in which he played a disreputable part. The Elephantine papyri mention Darius II as a contemporary of the high priest Johanan of Ezra 10:6.", "Q127740": "Zhao Jiping (simplified Chinese: \u8d75\u5b63\u5e73; traditional Chinese: \u8d99\u5b63\u5e73; pinyin: Zh\u00e0o J\u00ecp\u00edng) (b. Pingliang, Gansu, China, August 1945) is a Chinese composer from Shaanxi. He is best known for his film scores for the Fifth Generation Chinese director Zhang Yimou.\nZhao studied at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing.", "Q128473": "Auguste Michel \u00c9tienne Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Ang\u00e9ly, later 2nd Count Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Ang\u00e9ly (30 July 1794, Paris \u2013 1 February 1870 Cannes) was a Marshal of France, soldier and politician.", "Q461290": "Brian Van Holt (born July 6, 1969) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Bo & Vincent Sinclair in House of Wax and Bobby Cobb on the TV series Cougar Town.", "Q107490": "Shraga Har-Gil (Hebrew \u05e9\u05e8\u05d2\u05d0 \u05d4\u05e8-\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc), (born Paul-Philipp Freudenberger; 19 September 1926, in W\u00fcrzburg \u2013 20 September 2009, in W\u00fcrzburg) was a German-Israeli journalist, Middle East correspondent and a writer. He Hebraized his name to Har-Gil (Mount of Joy) in 1949.", "Q492318": "The University of Alabama (Alabama or UA) is a public research university in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Established in 1820, the University of Alabama is the oldest and largest of the public universities in Alabama as well as the flagship of the University of Alabama System. The university offers programs of study in 13 academic divisions leading to bachelor's, master's, education specialist, and doctoral degrees. The only publicly supported law school in the state is at UA. Other academic programs unavailable elsewhere in Alabama include doctoral programs in anthropology, communication and information sciences, metallurgical engineering, music, Romance languages, and social work.\nAs one of the first public universities established in the early 19th century southwestern frontier of the United States, the University of Alabama has left a cultural imprint on the state, region and nation over the past two centuries. The school was a center of activity during the American Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement. The University of Alabama varsity football program (nicknamed the Crimson Tide), which was inaugurated in 1892, ranks as one of the ten most winningest programs in US history. In a 1913 speech then-president George H. Denny extolled the university as the \"capstone of the public school system in the state [of Alabama]\", lending the university its current nickname, The Capstone. In addition, The University of Alabama has produced a total of 56 Goldwater Scholars, 15 Rhodes Scholars, 16 Truman Scholars, 33 Hollings Scholars and 11 Boren Scholars.", "Q763359": "August Teodor Palm (5 February 1849 \u2013 14 March 1922) was a Swedish socialist activist and a key person in introducing the then revolutionary social democratic labour movement in Sweden.", "Q127998": "Mahmoud Abbas (Arabic: \u0645\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u200e, romanized: Ma\u1e25m\u016bd \u02bfAbb\u0101s; born 15 November 1935), also known by the kunya Abu Mazen (Arabic: \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648 \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0632\u0650\u0646\u200e, \u02beAb\u016b M\u0101zin), is the President of the State of Palestine and Palestinian National Authority. He has been the Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since 11 November 2004, and Palestinian president since 15 January 2005 (Palestinian National Authority since 15 January 2005, and State of Palestine since 8 May 2005). Abbas is a member of the Fatah party and was elected Chairman of Fatah in 2009.\nAbbas was elected on 9 January 2005 to serve as President of the Palestinian National Authority until 15 January 2009, but extended his term until the next election in 2010, citing the PLO constitution, and on 16 December 2009 was voted into office indefinitely by the PLO Central Council. As a result, Fatah's main rival, Hamas, initially announced that it would not recognize the extension or view Abbas as the rightful president. Yet, Abbas is internationally recognized and Hamas and Fatah conducted numerous negotiations in the following years, leading to an agreement in April 2014 over a Unity Government, which lasted until October 2016, and therefore to the recognition of his office by Hamas. Abbas was also chosen as the President of the State of Palestine by the Palestine Liberation Organization's Central Council on 23 November 2008, a position he had held unofficially since 8 May 2005.Abbas served as the first Prime Minister of the Palestinian Authority from March to September 2003. Before being named prime minister, Abbas led the PLO Negotiations Affairs Department.", "Q1095491": "Clarence Lacquese Penn (born March 2, 1968) is an American jazz drummer and composer.\n\n", "Q168057": "Craiova (, also US: , Romanian: [kra\u02c8jova] (listen)), Romania's 6th largest city and capital of Dolj County, is situated near the east bank of the river Jiu in central Oltenia. It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximately equal distances from the Southern Carpathians (north) and the River Danube (south). Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest and the most important city of Oltenia. The city prospered as a regional trading centre despite an earthquake in 1790, a plague in 1795, and a Turkish assault in 1802 during which it was burned.\nEight villages are administered by the city: F\u0103c\u0103i, Mofleni, Popoveni, \u0218imnicu de Jos, Cernele, Cernelele de Sus, Izvoru Rece and Rovine. The last four were a separate commune called Cernele until 1996, when they were merged into the city.", "Q148387": "Feast of Love is a 2007 American drama film directed by Robert Benton, and starring an ensemble cast that includes Morgan Freeman, Greg Kinnear, Radha Mitchell, Billy Burke, Selma Blair, Alexa Davalos, Toby Hemingway, and Jane Alexander. The film, based on the 2000 novel The Feast of Love by Charles Baxter, was first released on September 28, 2007, in the United States.", "Q72787": "Charlotte \"Lotte\" Auerbach FRS FRSE (14 May 1899 \u2013 17 March 1994) was a German geneticist who contributed to founding the science of mutagenesis. She became well known after 1942 when she discovered with A. J. Clark and J. M. Robson that mustard gas could cause mutations in fruit flies. She wrote 91 scientific papers, and was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and of the Royal Society of London.\nIn 1976, she was awarded the Royal Society's Darwin Medal. Aside her scientific contributions and love of science, she was remarkable in many other ways, including her wide interests, independence, modesty, and transparent honesty.", "Q89253": "Paul Harather (born 30 March 1965 in M\u00f6dling, Lower Austria) is an Austrian film director, producer and screenplay author. He is considered one of the early artists in Austria's new wave film (1990s to the present).\nHarather studied at the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna and received a student grant from Fulbright Austria to attend the American Film Institute in 1993/94.\nIn 1993, Harather had a major success as a director with Indien, a road movie-style tragicomedy and featuring famous Austrian comedians and actors Alfred Dorfer and Josef Hader. He also co-wrote the screenplay of the film with the pair, which is based on cabaret material. It received the German Max Oph\u00fcls Prize of the Saarland Premier and the Audience Award, the Grand Prize of the Santa Barbara International Film Festival, the Thomas Pluch Screenplay Prize of the Diagonale Film Festival, and the Austrian Film Prize. It also became one of the most popular and profitable movies made in Austria since the 1960s.\nHe was awarded a Golden Romy Award for the screenplay of Autsch!!! (1996), and his film The Ragu Incident (2000) received the New York International Film Festival Audience Award in 2000.\nIn 2011, Harather scored a significant comeback on Austrian television with the series Schlawiner, which has completed two seasons (2011 and 2013) on the national ORF network and is scheduled for a third. The series is also broadcast in Germany on Bayerischer Rundfunk, in Denmark (as G\u00e5r det godt?) and in the UK (as Smooth Operators). A multi-lingual DVD release of the first two seasons will be released in Europe in 2013. He received the Austrian Erich Neuberg Television Prize for the first season of the series.\nHis Austrian production company is called Breitwand.", "Q627269": "Black Veil Brides is an American rock band based in Hollywood, California. The group formed in 2006 in Cincinnati, Ohio and is currently composed of Andy Biersack (lead vocals), Jake Pitts (lead guitar), Jinxx (rhythm guitar, violin), Lonny Eagleton (bass guitar), and Christian \"CC\" Coma (drums). Black Veil Brides are known for their use of black makeup, body paint, tight black studded clothing, and long hair, which were all inspired by the stage personas of KISS and M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce, as well as other 1980s glam metal acts.", "Q2749583": "Presidency University, Kolkata, formerly known as Hindu College and Presidency College, is a public state university located in College Street, Kolkata. It is probably the oldest institution in the world to have no religious connection, having being established in 1817. The institution was elevated to university status in 2010 after functioning as a top constituent college of the University of Calcutta for about 193 years. The University had its bicentenary celebrations in 2017.In its first cycle as a university, Presidency received the A grade with a score of 3.04/4.00 by the NAAC. Presidency has been recognized as an \"Institute of National Eminence\" by the UGC. It appeared in the inaugural top 50 of NIRF rankings in 2016. However, NIRF rankings in 2017 and 2018 excluded universities like Presidency University which taught only science and humanities but not engineering, commerce, agriculture, etc.", "Q356115": "Stefan Brecht (November 3, 1924 \u2013 April 13, 2009) was a German-born American poet, critic and scholar of theatre.", "Q62594": "Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine (4 November 1661, in Neuburg \u2013 31 December 1742, in Mannheim) was a ruler from the house of Wittelsbach. He was Elector Palatine, Count of Palatinate-Neuburg, and Duke of J\u00fclich and Berg from 1716 to 1742. Until 1728 Charles III Philip was also Count of Megen.", "Q936741": "Oshkosh is a city in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States, located where the Fox River enters Lake Winnebago from the west. The population was 66,083 at the 2010 census. The city is located adjacent to the Town of Oshkosh.\n\n", "Q5372": "Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately 9.4 inches (24 cm) in diameter) through the defender's hoop (a basket 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter mounted 10 feet (3.048 m) high to a backboard at each end of the court) while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop. A field goal is worth two points, unless made from behind the three-point line, when it is worth three. After a foul, timed play stops and the player fouled or designated to shoot a technical foul is given one or more one-point free throws. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but if regulation play expires with the score tied, an additional period of play (overtime) is mandated.\nPlayers advance the ball by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling) or by passing it to a teammate, both of which require considerable skill. On offense, players may use a variety of shots\u2014the lay-up, the jump shot, or a dunk; on defense, they may steal the ball from a dribbler, intercept passes, or block shots; either offense or defense may collect a rebound, that is, a missed shot that bounces from rim or backboard. It is a violation to lift or drag one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.\nThe five players on each side fall into five playing positions the tallest player is usually the center, the tallest and strongest is the power forward, a slightly shorter but more agile player is the small forward, and the shortest players or the best ball handlers are the shooting guard and the point guard, who implements the coach's game plan by managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays (player positioning). Informally, players may play three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one.\nInvented in 1891 by Canadian-American gym teacher James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, basketball has evolved to become one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports. The National Basketball Association (NBA) is the most significant professional basketball league in the world in terms of popularity, salaries, talent, and level of competition. Outside North America, the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the EuroLeague and the Basketball Champions League Americas. The FIBA Basketball World Cup and Men's Olympic Basketball Tournament are the major international events of the sport and attract top national teams from around the world. Each continent hosts regional competitions for national teams, like EuroBasket and FIBA AmeriCup.\nThe FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup and Women's Olympic Basketball Tournament feature top national teams from continental championships. The main North American league is the WNBA (NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship is also popular), whereas strongest European clubs participate in the EuroLeague Women.", "Q516742": "Fritz Schilgen (8 September 1906 \u2013 12 September 2005) was a German athlete and the final torchbearer of the first Olympic torch relay at the 1936 Summer Games.", "Q537954": "August Burns Red is an American metalcore band from Lancaster, Pennsylvania formed in 2003. The band's current lineup consists of lead guitarist John Benjamin \"JB\" Brubaker, rhythm guitarist Brent Rambler, drummer Matt Greiner, lead vocalist Jake Luhrs, and bassist Dustin Davidson. The band was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2016 for Best Metal Performance for the song \"Identity\" from its 2015 release Found in Far Away Places, and again in 2018 for \"Invisible Enemy\" from Phantom Anthem (2017). Their ninth studio album Guardians was released on April 3, 2020.", "Q2484213": "Frederick Leonard Clark (March 19, 1914 \u2013 December 5, 1968) was an American film and television character actor.", "Q1347221": "James McCulloch (4 June 1953 \u2013 27 September 1979) was a Scottish musician and songwriter best known for playing lead guitar and bass, as a member of Paul McCartney's band Wings from 1974 to 1977. McCulloch was a member of the Glasgow psychedelic band One in a Million (formerly known as the Jaygars), Thunderclap Newman, and Stone the Crows.McCulloch also made appearances on many albums, including John Entwistle's Whistle Rymes in 1972, as lead guitarist playing alongside Peter Frampton on \"Apron Strings\" and \"I Feel Better\". McCulloch also played guitar on Roger Daltrey's album One of the Boys which was released in 1977. McCulloch was a friend of the Who and a member of the band Thunderclap Newman, which was created and produced by his mentor Pete Townshend. At age 11, he was also a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of the Shadows' Hank Marvin. His brother is drummer Jack McCulloch.", "Q257551": "St\u00e9phanie Alexandra Mina Sokolinski (born 26 October 1985), known professionally as Soko (stylized as SoKo), is a French singer-songwriter, musician and actress.", "Q3703": "Bamako (Bambara: \u07d3\u07ca\u07e1\u07ca\u07de\u07d0 tr. B\u00e0mak\u0254\u030c) is the capital and largest city of Mali, with a population of 1,810,366. In 2006, it was estimated to be the fastest-growing city in Africa and sixth-fastest in the world. It is located on the Niger River, near the rapids that divide the upper and middle Niger valleys in the southwestern part of the country.\nBamako is the nation's administrative centre. The city proper is a cercle in its own right. Bamako's river port is located in nearby Koulikoro, along with a major regional trade and conference center. Bamako is the seventh-largest West African urban center after Lagos, Abidjan, Kano, Ibadan, Dakar, and Accra. Locally manufactured goods include textiles, processed meat, and metal goods. Commercial fishing occurs on the Niger River.\nThe name Bamako (B\u00e0mak\u0254\u030c in Bambara) comes from the Bambara word meaning \"crocodile tail\".", "Q220901": "Laura Elizabeth Dern (born February 10, 1967) is an American actress, director, and film producer. She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, and five Golden Globe Awards.\nBorn to actors Bruce Dern and Diane Ladd, Dern embarked on an acting career in the 1980s and rose to prominence for her performances in Mask (1985) and David Lynch's Blue Velvet (1986) and Wild at Heart (1990). She then received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for her portrayal of the titular orphan in the drama film Rambling Rose (1991). She achieved international recognition for her role in Steven Spielberg's adventure film Jurassic Park (1993), after which she guest starred in the \"Puppy Episode\" of the sitcom Ellen in 1997, during which Ellen DeGeneres publicly came out.\nAfter winning two Golden Globe Awards for her performances as Katherine Harris in the television film Recount (2008) and Amy Jellicoe in the comedy-drama series Enlightened (2011\u20132013), Dern earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her work in Wild (2014). In 2017, she began starring as Renata Klein in the drama series Big Little Lies, winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie and a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Series, Miniseries or Television Film, and reunited with David Lynch for Twin Peaks: The Return. She has since played supporting roles in the films Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017), Marriage Story (2019), and Little Women (2019). Her performance in Marriage Story won her a fifth Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.", "Q293275": "Susie Garrett (December 29, 1929 \u2013 May 24, 2002) was an American actress of theatre and television, jazz vocalist, and acting teacher. She is best known for playing Betty Johnson on the TV series Punky Brewster.", "Q1339933": "John Phillip Law (September 7, 1937 \u2013 May 13, 2008) was an American film actor.Following a breakthrough role as a Russian sailor in The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966), Law became best known for his roles as gunfighter Bill Meceita in the Spaghetti Western Death Rides a Horse (1967) with Lee Van Cleef, the blind angel Pygar in the cult science fiction film Barbarella (1968) with Jane Fonda, the title character in the cult action film Danger: Diabolik (1968), Manfred von Richthofen in Von Richthofen and Brown (1971), and news anchor Robin Stone in The Love Machine (1971). The latter reteamed him with Alexandra Hay, his co-star from the 1968 \"acid comedy\" Skidoo.", "Q1684937": "Verzasca is a proposed municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.\nThe new municipality will be created on 5 April 2021 by the merger of Corippo, Vogorno, the village of Lavertezzo Valle which constitutes the major part of Lavertezzo, Brione, Gerra Valle of the municipality of Cugnasco-Gerra, Frasco and Sonogno. The case of the Lavertezzo Piano exclave was not yet settled in December 2019, but was dropped from the final proposed municipality in March 2020.", "Q57507": "Ernest Louis Charles Albert William (German: Ernst Ludwig Karl Albrecht Wilhelm; 25 November 1868 \u2013 9 October 1937) was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 1892 until 1918.", "Q768224": "The University of Valladolid is a public university in the city of Valladolid, province of Valladolid, in the autonomous region of Castile and Leon, Spain. Established in the 13th century, it is one of the oldest universities in the world. The university has 32,000 undergraduate students and more than 2,000 teachers.", "Q83030": "Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is severe enough to affect daily functioning. Other common symptoms include emotional problems, difficulties with language, and a decrease in motivation. Consciousness is usually not affected. A diagnosis of dementia requires a change from a person's usual mental functioning and a greater decline than one would expect due to aging. These diseases have a significant effect on caregivers.The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, which makes up 50% to 70% of cases. Other common types include vascular dementia (25%), dementia with Lewy bodies (15%), and frontotemporal dementia. Less common causes include normal pressure hydrocephalus, Parkinson's disease dementia, syphilis, HIV, and Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease. More than one type of dementia may exist in the same person. A small proportion of cases run in families. In the DSM-5, dementia was reclassified as a neurocognitive disorder, with degrees of severity. Diagnosis is usually based on history of the illness and cognitive testing with medical imaging and blood tests used to rule out other possible causes. The mini mental state examination is one commonly used cognitive test. Efforts to prevent dementia include trying to decrease risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and obesity. Screening the general population for the disorder is not recommended.There is no known cure for dementia. Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil are often used and may be beneficial in mild to moderate disorder. Overall benefit, however, may be minor. There are many measures that can improve the quality of life of people with dementia and their caregivers. Cognitive and behavioral interventions may be appropriate. Educating and providing emotional support to the caregiver is important. Exercise programs may be beneficial with respect to activities of daily living and potentially improve outcomes. Treatment of behavioral problems with antipsychotics is common but not usually recommended, due to the limited benefit and the side effects, including an increased risk of death.Globally, dementia affected about 46 million people in 2015. About 10% of people develop the disorder at some point in their lives. It becomes more common with age. About 3% of people between the ages of 65\u201374 have dementia, 19% between 75 and 84, and nearly half of those over 85 years of age. In 2013 dementia resulted in about 1.7 million deaths, up from 0.8 million in 1990. As more people are living longer, dementia is becoming more common. For people of a specific age, however, it may be becoming less frequent, at least in the developed world, due to a decrease in risk factors. It is one of the most common causes of disability among the old. It is believed to result in economic costs of US$604 billion a year. People with dementia are often physically or chemically restrained to a greater degree than necessary, raising issues of human rights. Social stigma against those affected is common.", "Q72977": "Zirndorf is a town, which is part of the district of F\u00fcrth. It is located in northern Bavaria, Germany in the Regierungsbezirk of Middle Franconia.", "Q971422": "Edward Calhoun King (September 14, 1949 \u2013 August 22, 2018) was an American musician. He was a guitarist for the psychedelic rock band Strawberry Alarm Clock and guitarist and bassist for the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from 1972 to 1975 and again from 1987 to 1996.", "Q98376": "Wilhelm Meyer-F\u00f6rster, also known as Samar Gregorow (12 June 1862, Hannover \u2013 17 March 1934, Heringsdorf), was a German novelist and playwright.", "Q2040918": "Charles Tellier (29 June 1828 \u2013 19 October 1913) was a French engineer, born in Amiens. He early made a study of motors and compressed air. In 1868, he began experiments in refrigeration, which resulted ultimately in the refrigerating plant, as used on ocean vessels, to preserve meats and other perishable food. In 1911, Tellier was awarded the Joest prize by the French Institute and, in 1912, he was made Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. He wrote Histoire d'une invention moderne, le frigorifique (1910). \nTellier died impoverished in Paris. Dimethyl ether was the first refrigerant, in 1876, Charles Tellier bought the ex-Elder-Dempster a 690 tons cargo ship Eboe and fitted a Methyl-ether refrigerating plant of his design. The ship was renamed Le Frigorifique and successfully imported a cargo of refrigerated meat from Argentina. However the machinery could be improved and in 1877 another refrigerated ship called Paraguay with a refrigerating plant improved by Ferdinand Carr\u00e9 was put into service on the South American run.", "Q138648": "Maubeuge (historical Dutch: Mabuse or Dutch: Malbode) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.\nIt is situated on both banks of the Sambre (here canalized), 36 km (22 mi) east of Valenciennes and about 9 km (5.6 mi) from the Belgian border.", "Q118598": "Giorgio Orelli (May 25, 1921 \u2013 November 10, 2013) was an Italian-speaking Swiss poet, writer and translator.He was born in Airolo in the canton of Ticino and was educated at the University of Fribourg, where he was a student of the Roman philologist Gianfranco Contini. He taught Italian Literature at the Higher School of Commerce in Bellinzona.\nGiorgio Orelli was a post-hermetic poet. In the anthology of Piero Chiara and Luciano Erba he appeared as a poet of the Fourth Generation. Called the Tuscan from Ticino by Gianfranco Contini, Orelli was often associated with the \"Lombard Line\" of \"sober moral realism\".He was also known as a translator of Goethe and Andri Peer. He contributed to various literary magazines (Il Verri, Paragone, Letteratura). His cousin Giovanni Orelli was also a writer and poet.\nGiorgio Orelli died in Bellinzona in 2013. He was the cousin of the writer Giovanni Orelli and the uncle of the alpine skier Michela Figini.", "Q1387763": "Oliver Cheatham (February 24, 1948 \u2013 November 29, 2013) was an American R&B singer who is best remembered for his 1983 hit \"Get Down Saturday Night\". \nThe song was also sampled by Italian DJ Room 5 on his 2003 single \"Make Luv\", which reached #1 on the UK charts, and by British DJ Michael Gray on his 2004 single \"The Weekend\".", "Q81627": "Bad\u012b\u02bf az-Zaman Abu l-\u02bfIzz ibn Ism\u0101\u02bf\u012bl ibn ar-Raz\u0101z al-Jazar\u012b (1136\u20131206, Arabic: \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064f \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0632\u0650 \u0625\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0625\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0644\u0650 \u0625\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u200e, IPA: [\u00e6ld\u0292\u00e6z\u00e6ri\u02d0]) was a Muslim polymath: a scholar, inventor, mechanical engineer, artisan, artist and mathematician from Jazira. He is best known for writing The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices (Arabic: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u200e, romanized: Kitab fi ma'rifat al-hiyal al-handasiya, lit. 'Book in knowledge of engineering tricks') in 1206, where he described 100 mechanical devices, some 80 of which are trick vessels of various kinds, along with instructions on how to construct them. He is credited with the inventions of the flush toilet and the elephant clock.", "Q265285": "Alana de la Garza (born June 18, 1976) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Connie Rubirosa on the NBC television series Law & Order, Law & Order: LA, and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, and as Marisol Delko-Caine on CSI: Miami. In 2014 and 2015, she starred as Detective Jo Martinez in the ABC series Forever. From 2016 to 2017, she starred in Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders as Special Agent Clara Seger. In 2019, she began starring as SAC Isobel Castille on FBI, a role she also plays on the spin-off series FBI: Most Wanted.", "Q151826": "Frederick I (German: Friedrich I.; 11 July 1657 \u2013 25 February 1713), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was (as Frederick III) Elector of Brandenburg (1688\u20131713) and Duke of Prussia in personal union (Brandenburg-Prussia). The latter function he upgraded to royalty, becoming the first King in Prussia (1701\u20131713). From 1707 he was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuch\u00e2tel (German: F\u00fcrstentum Neuenburg). He was also the paternal grandfather of Frederick the Great.", "Q99068": "Heinrich Decimator (c. 1544, Gifhorn - 1615) was a German Protestant theologian, astronomer and linguist of M\u00fchlhausen in Thuringen. His Sylva vocabulorum was an example of plurilingual lexicography.", "Q967240": "James Bicheno Francis (May 18, 1815 \u2013 September 18, 1892) was a British-American civil engineer, who invented the Francis turbine.\n\n", "Q126476": "Jordan Plevnes (born 1953) is a Macedonian writer and diplomat. From 2000 to 2005 he served as Ambassador of the Republic of Macedonia to France, Spain and Portugal. Since 2006 he has served as vice president of UNESCO's international committee for dialogue between civilizations. \nHe is the founder of the World Prized of Humanism and the Ohrid Academy of Humanism in Macedonia on 19.01.1991 with Liljana Kotevska Plevnes, Zoran Veljanovski Letra and several Macedonian intellectuals. In 2018 he co-founded with Frederic Fappani von Lothringen the youth prize for this same prize.", "Q359568": "Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (Russian: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041e\u0301\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0432; October 10 [O.S. September 28] 1863, Klepenino near Rzhev, Tver Oblast, Russian Empire \u2013 June 19, 1956, Moscow, USSR) was a Russian and Soviet geologist who specialized in the study of Siberia and Central Asia. He was also one of the first Russian science fiction authors.", "Q64873": "Illnau-Effretikon is a municipality in the district of Pf\u00e4ffikon in the canton of Z\u00fcrich in Switzerland. It includes the villages of Illnau, Effretikon, Ottikon and Bisikon. On 1 January 2016 Kyburg and Illnau-Effretikon merged to form the municipality of Illnau-Effretikon.", "Q301703": "Aaron Richard Ashmore (born October 7, 1979) is a Canadian film and television actor. He is known for his roles on American television series, such as Jimmy Olsen on Smallville and Steve Jinks on Warehouse 13 and Johnny Jaqobis on the Canadian television series Killjoys. He is the identical twin brother of actor Shawn Ashmore.", "Q166734": "City on Fire is a 1979 disaster action film directed by Alvin Rakoff, written by Jack Hill, Dave Lewis, and Celine La Freniere, and stars Barry Newman, Susan Clark, Shelley Winters, Leslie Nielsen, James Franciscus, Ava Gardner, and Henry Fonda. The film's plot revolves around a disgruntled employee who sets fire to an oil refinery, setting off a blaze which engulfs an entire city. People try to either fight the fire or flee as it spreads throughout the city.\nThe film was shot in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, although the name of the city is not mentioned in the film.", "Q151198": "Dachau concentration camp (; German: Konzentrationslager (KZ) Dachau, IPA: [\u02c8daxa\u028a]) was the first of the Nazi concentration camps opened in 1933, which was initially intended to hold political prisoners. It is located on the grounds of an abandoned munitions factory northeast of the medieval town of Dachau, about 16 km (10 mi) northwest of Munich in the state of Bavaria, in southern Germany. After its opening by Heinrich Himmler, its purpose was enlarged to include forced labor, and, eventually, the imprisonment of Jews, German and Austrian criminals, and finally foreign nationals from countries that Germany occupied or invaded. The Dachau camp system grew to include nearly 100 sub-camps, which were mostly work camps or Arbeitskommandos, and were located throughout southern Germany and Austria. The camps were liberated by U.S. forces on 29 April 1945.\nPrisoners lived in constant fear of brutal treatment and terror detention including standing cells, floggings, the so-called tree or pole hanging, and standing at attention for extremely long periods. There were 32,000 documented deaths at the camp, and thousands that are undocumented.Approximately 10,000 of the 30,000 prisoners were sick at the time of liberation.In the postwar years the Dachau facility served to hold SS soldiers awaiting trial. After 1948, it held ethnic Germans who had been expelled from eastern Europe and were awaiting resettlement, and also was used for a time as a United States military base during the occupation. It was finally closed in 1960.\nThere are several religious memorials within the Memorial Site, which is open to the public.", "Q2510314": "Will Harvey (born 1967) is a software developer and Silicon Valley entrepreneur. He wrote Music Construction Set (1984) for the Apple II, the first commercial sheet music processor for home computers. Music Construction Set was ported to other systems by its publisher, Electronic Arts. He wrote two games for the Apple IIGS: Zany Golf (1988) and The Immortal (1990). Harvey founded two consumer virtual world Internet companies: IMVU, an instant messaging company, and There, Inc., an MMOG company.", "Q25191": "Christopher Edward Nolan (; born 30 July 1970) is a British-American filmmaker known for making personal, distinctive films within the Hollywood mainstream. His ten films have grossed over US$4.7 billion worldwide and garnered a total of 34 Oscar nominations and ten wins.\nBorn and raised in London, Nolan developed an interest in filmmaking from a young age. After studying English literature at University College London, he made his feature debut with Following (1998). Nolan gained international recognition with his second film, Memento (2000), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. He transitioned from independent to studio filmmaking with Insomnia (2002), and found further critical and commercial success with The Dark Knight Trilogy (2005\u20132012), The Prestige (2006), and Inception (2010), which received eight Oscar nominations, including for Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay. This was followed by Interstellar (2014) and Dunkirk (2017), the latter of which earned him Academy Award nominations for Best Picture and Best Director.\nNolan's films are typically rooted in epistemological and metaphysical themes, exploring human morality, the construction of time, and the malleable nature of memory and personal identity. His work is permeated by unconventional narrative structures, practical special effects, experimental soundscapes, large-format film photography, and materialistic perspectives. He has co-written several of his films with his brother Jonathan, and runs the production company Syncopy Inc. with his wife Emma Thomas.\nNolan has received many awards and honours. Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2015, and in 2019, he was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his services to film. In addition to his filmmaking, Nolan is an advocate for film preservation and the analog medium.", "Q101977": "Karl Retzlaw (10 February 1896 \u2013 20 June 1979) was a German politician, representative of the Social Democratic Party, Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany and Communist Party of Germany.\nRetzlaw was born Karl Gr\u00f6hl in Schneidem\u00fchl, Province of Posen (today Pila, Poland) and died in Frankfurt.", "Q97723": "Gustav Sobottka (12 July 1886 \u2013 6 March 1953) was a German politician in East Germany. He was a member of the Communist Party and was in exile during the Nazi era. He returned to Germany in 1945 as head of the Sobottka Group and later worked in the East German government.\n\n", "Q459041": "Ambroise Vollard (3 July 1866 \u2013 21 July 1939) was a French art dealer who is regarded as one of the most important dealers in French contemporary art at the beginning of the twentieth century. He is credited with providing exposure and emotional support to numerous then-unknown artists, including Paul C\u00e9zanne, Aristide Maillol, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Louis Valtat, Pablo Picasso, Andr\u00e9 Derain, Georges Rouault, Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh. He was also an avid art collector and publisher.", "Q923364": "Samuel \"Sam\" Eyde (29 October 1866 \u2013 21 June 1940) was a Norwegian engineer and industrialist. He was the founder of both Norsk Hydro and Elkem.\n\n", "Q2086195": "Sir Philip Nigel Ross Green (born 15 March 1952) is a British billionaire businessman, and the chairman of Arcadia Group, a retail company that includes Topshop, Topman, Wallis, Evans, Burton, Miss Selfridge, Dorothy Perkins and Outfit. The defunct BHS chain was also part of the group.\nGreen has been involved in a number of controversies during his career, including his actions prior to the demise of BHS. In October 2016, the House of Commons approved a measure to ask the Honours Forfeiture Committee to strip Green of his knighthood for his role in the downfall of BHS. This decision was not legally binding and his knighthood was not revoked, although there were later calls to revoke it if allegations of sexual harassment, bullying and racism revealed in October 2018 are proved.\n\n", "Q2589723": "FatCat Records is an English independent record label based in Brighton. The label's output reaches into many styles including experimental rock, electronica, psychedelic folk, contemporary classical, noise and post-punk. Notable artists that have released music on the label include Sigur R\u00f3s, M\u00fam, Animal Collective, Frightened Rabbit, Shopping, The Twilight Sad, Vashti Bunyan and We Were Promised Jetpacks.", "Q124507": "Bruno Manser (25 August 1954 \u2013 10 March 2005) was a Swiss environmental activist. From 1984 to 1990, he stayed with the Penan tribe in Sarawak, Malaysia, organising several blockades against timber companies. After he emerged from the forests in 1990, he engaged in public activism for rainforest preservation and the human rights of indigenous peoples, especially the Penan, which brought him into conflict with the Malaysian government. He also founded the Swiss non-governmental organization (NGO) Bruno Manser Fonds in 1991. He disappeared during his last journey to Sarawak in May 2000 and is presumed dead.", "Q57261": "Georgi Sedefchov Parvanov (Bulgarian: \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438 \u0421\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0444\u0447\u043e\u0432 \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, IPA: [\u0261\u025b\u02c8\u0254r\u0261i p\u0250r\u02c8vanof]) (born 28 June 1957) is a Bulgarian historian and politician who was President of Bulgaria from 2002 to 2012. He was elected after defeating incumbent Petar Stoyanov in the second round of the November 2001 presidential election. He took office on 22 January 2002. He was reelected in a landslide victory in 2006, becoming the first Bulgarian president to serve two terms. Parvanov supported of Bulgaria's entry into NATO and the European Union.\nAccording to Bulgarian law, a Bulgarian president is not allowed to be a member of a political party, thus Parvanov left the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) after his election in 2001. Although he identified as a socialist, Parvanov often called himself a 'social president'.After completing his second term as President, Parvanov returned to the Socialist Party, prompting a dispute over the party leadership. In January 2014 Parvanov restarted his Alternative for Bulgarian Revival (ABV) project, announcing he would be fielding his own candidates for the 2014 European parliamentary elections. On January 15, 2017 he stepped down as party leader and was replaced by Konstantin Prodanov.\n\n", "Q92883": "Richard William \"Ric\" Weiland (April 21, 1953 \u2013 June 24, 2006) was a computer software pioneer, programmer and philanthropist. He was the second employee at Microsoft Corporation, joining the company during his final year at Stanford University. At 35, he left Microsoft to focus his time on investment management and philanthropy, becoming a quiet but well-respected donor to the LGBTQ social justice movement, the environment, health and human services, and education. After his death, the Chronicle of Philanthropy called Weiland's bequest the 11th largest charitable gift in the nation with more than $165 million distributed between 20 nonprofit beneficiaries.", "Q1255631": "Drama Centre London (often abbreviated as Drama Centre) is a British drama school in King's Cross, London, where it recently moved after a major reshaping of the university. The school is part of Central Saint Martins, a constituent college of the University of the Arts London. In March 2020 UAL announced that the Drama Centre would close when the current students had completed their courses.\nIt is a member of the Federation of Drama Schools.The school offers BA (Hons) and MA acting courses.\n\n", "Q163894": "Thomas Collier Platt (July 15, 1833 \u2013 March 6, 1910) was a two-term member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1873\u20131877) and a three-term U.S. Senator from New York in 1881 and 1897 to 1909. He is best known as the \"political boss\" of the Republican Party in New York State in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Upon his death, the New York Times stated that \"no man ever exercised less influence in the Senate or the House of Representatives than he,\" but \"no man ever exercised more power as a political leader.\" He considered himself the \"political godfather\" of many Republican governors of the state, including Theodore Roosevelt.Platt played a key role in the creation of the City of Greater New York, which incorporated together the boroughs of New York (Manhattan), Kings (Brooklyn), Queens, Richmond (Staten Island) and Bronx counties.", "Q283700": "Christopher Miller is an American voice actor, animator, director, screenwriter, and storyboard artist employed by DreamWorks Animation. He is most known for directing Shrek the Third and Puss in Boots (for which he received his first Academy Award nomination) and for voicing Kowalski the penguin in the Madagascar film series.", "Q123268": "Carl Hilty (28 February 1833 \u2013 12 October 1909) was a Swiss philosopher, professor, politician, writer, and lawyer. He famously said: \"Peace is only a hair's breadth away from war.\" Although a Christian, he was no pacifist, and expected the coming world war. He also served as a high officer in the Swiss Army. He was married to a German wife named Johanna Gaertner. Hilty was a spokesman for women's rights to vote and to be elected, several decades before the subject became mainstream. Hilty argued that Switzerland, as a nation-state comprising several nationalities and languages, had a unique mission of demonstrating that a nation-state could transcend tribal tendencies.Carl Hilty was born in Ort Werdenberg, Switzerland, and studied at the Universities of G\u00f6ttingen and\nHeidelberg. To improve languages and see the world, he also spent some time in London and Paris. He then began his work as a lawyer in Chur, where he lived for almost 20 years. In 1874, he became a professor of constitutional law (Staats- und Volkerrecht) at the University of Bern. From 1886, he edited Politisches Jahrbuch der schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft (The Journal of Swiss Jurisprudence). In 1890, he became a member of the Nationalrat, the Swiss parliament.\nHilty's philosophical concern was practical in nature. He wrote about happiness, the meaning of life and work, developing good habits, time management, and winning the battles of life. He became famous from his writings about happiness, which first appeared in three volumes in 1891, 1895 and 1899. These essays were eventually collected into a single volume entitled: \"Happiness: Essays on the Meaning of Life\". In this work, Hilty combines ancient stoic thought with Christian beliefs. The work was translated into English by Prof. Francis Greenwood Peabody, Professor of Christian Morals at Harvard University, and first appeared in the United States in 1903. \nHilty supported the Salvation Army, which opened their services in Zurich. At first he made jokes about their noisy appearance, but only a few years later, he recognized them as one of the few groups who were able to put the words of Jesus in practice. Hilty was in his time one of the few intellectuals who still believed in the Gospel, while many other intellectuals dedicated themselves to the so-called \"monastic\" philosophy following the new sciences after Darwin. He believed in a new reformation beyond the dogmas of churches and politics, after the time of materialism.\nHilty's work influenced the thinking of William James.He died in Clarens in 1909.", "Q434291": "Rade \u0160erbed\u017eija (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0428\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0435\u045f\u0438\u0458\u0430, Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [r\u01ce\u02d0de \u0283erb\u011bd\u0292ija]; born 27 July 1946), occasionally credited as Rade Sherbedgia in some English-language productions, is a Croatian actor, director and musician. He is known for his portrayals of imposing figures on both sides of the law. He was one of the most popular Croatian actors in the 1970s and 1980s. He is internationally known mainly for his supporting roles in Hollywood films such as Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1, X-Men: First Class, The Saint, In the Land of Blood and Honey, Mission: Impossible 2; his role as Boris the Blade in Snatch; and for his recurring role as former Soviet Army General Dmitri Gredenko in Season 6 of TV action series 24.", "Q152491": "Herzliya (; Hebrew: \u05d4\u05b6\u05e8\u05b0\u05e6\u05b0\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05b8\u05bc\u05d4 [h\u025b\u0281ts(\u025b)li\u02c8ja];) is an affluent city in the central coast of Israel, at the Northern part of the Tel Aviv District known for its robust start-up and entrepreneurial culture. In 2018 it had a population of 95,142. Named after Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern Zionism, Herzliya covers an area of 21.6 square kilometres (8.3 sq mi). At its western municipal boundaries is Herzliya Pituah, one of Israel's most affluent neighborhoods and home to numerous embassies, company headquarters, as well as prominent Israeli business people.", "Q68091": "Erasmus Alberus (c. 1500 \u2013 5 May 1553) was a German humanist, Lutheran reformer, and poet.", "Q665714": "Count Ossie, born Oswald Williams (1926 \u2013 18 October 1976), was a Jamaican Rastafari drummer and band leader.", "Q2702964": "Adam LeFevre (born August 11, 1950) is an American character actor, poet, and playwright who works in cinema, television, theater and commercials.", "Q172999": "Pedro Paulo Falleiros dos Santos Diniz (born 22 May 1970) is a Brazilian businessman and former racing driver.\nDiniz began karting at the age of eighteen and achieved minor success, before progressing to car racing in the Brazilian Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship. He first drove in Formula One with Forti for the 1995 season. The following year he switched to Ligier and moved to Arrows for 1997. In 1998, he finished 14th in the Drivers' Championship, and subsequently moved to Sauber for 1999. He left Sauber after the 2000 season and bought a share in the Prost team, which folded a year later.\nSince leaving motorsport, Diniz founded the Formula Renault 2.0 Brazil Championship which he ran from 2002 and 2006, later becoming a partner in P\u00e3o de A\u00e7\u00facar and operates an organic produce and dairy farm alongside his wife Tatiana Diniz. He is a Board Member of Food Tank, a non-profit organization that spotlights environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable ways of alleviating hunger, obesity, and poverty and works to create networks of people, organizations, and content to push for food system change.\nDiniz was considered a pay driver during his career due to his family backing, but he scored ten points during his Formula One career while most pay drivers did not score any.", "Q174330": "Filippo Brunelleschi ( BROO-n\u0259-LESK-ee, Italian: [fi\u02c8lippo brunel\u02c8leski]; 1377 \u2013 15 April 1446), considered to be a founding father of Renaissance architecture, was an Italian architect and designer, and is now recognised to be the first modern engineer, planner, and sole construction supervisor. He is most famous for designing the dome of the Florence Cathedral, a feat of engineering that had not been accomplished since antiquity, as well as the development of the mathematical technique of linear perspective in art which governed pictorial depictions of space until the late 19th century and influenced the rise of modern science. His accomplishments also include other architectural works, sculpture, mathematics, engineering, and ship design. His principal surviving works can be found in Florence, Italy.", "Q82448": "Stephen II (Hungarian: II Istv\u00e1n; Croatian: Stjepan II; Slovak: \u0160tefan II; 1101 \u2013 early 1131), King of Hungary and Croatia, ruled from 1116 until 1131. His father, King Coloman, had him crowned as a child, thus denying the crown to his uncle \u00c1lmos. In the first year of his reign, Venice occupied Dalmatia and Stephen never restored his rule in that province. His reign was characterized by frequent wars with neighbouring countries.", "Q190908": "Seven (stylized as SE7EN) is a 1995 American crime thriller film directed by David Fincher and written by Andrew Kevin Walker. It stars Brad Pitt, Morgan Freeman, Gwyneth Paltrow, Kevin Spacey and John C. McGinley. The film tells the story of David Mills, a detective who partners with the retiring William Somerset to track down a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as a motif in his murders.\nThe screenplay was influenced by the time Walker spent in New York City trying to make it as a writer. Principal photography took place in Los Angeles, with the last scene filmed near Lancaster, California. The film's budget was $33 million.\nReleased on September 22, 1995 by New Line Cinema, Seven was the seventh-highest-grossing film of the year, grossing over $327 million worldwide. It was well received by critics, who praised the film's dark style, brutality and themes. The film was nominated for Best Film Editing at the 68th Academy Awards, losing to Apollo 13.", "Q442313": "David Rodman Annable (born September 15, 1979) is an American actor. His roles include Justin Walker on the ABC television drama Brothers & Sisters (2006\u201311), Henry Martin on the ABC supernatural drama 666 Park Avenue (2012\u201313), and Pierce Harrison on the NBC medical drama Heartbeat (2016).", "Q17889": "John Middleton Clayton (July 24, 1796 \u2013 November 9, 1856) was an American lawyer and politician from Delaware. He was a member of the Whig Party who served in the Delaware General Assembly, and as U.S. Senator from Delaware and U.S. Secretary of State.", "Q199092": "A Chef of Nobunaga (Japanese: \u4fe1\u9577\u306e\u30b7\u30a7\u30d5, Hepburn: Nobunaga no Shefu) is a Japanese manga series written by Mitsuru Nishimura and illustrated by Takuro Kajikawa. It was noted to be adapted into a Japanese television drama series in January 2013.", "Q592330": "Dream pop (or dreampop) is a subgenre of alternative rock and neo-psychedelia that developed in the 1980s. The style is typified by a preoccupation with sonic texture and atmosphere as much as melody. It often overlaps with the related genre of shoegazing, and the two genre terms have at times been used interchangeably.", "Q153943": "The Kingdom of Westphalia was a kingdom in Germany, with a population of 2.6 million, that existed from 1807 to 1813. It included territory in Hesse and other parts of present-day Germany. While formally independent, it was a vassal state of the First French Empire and was ruled by Napoleon's brother J\u00e9r\u00f4me Bonaparte. It was named after Westphalia, but this was a misnomer since the kingdom had little territory in common with that area; rather the kingdom mostly covered territory formerly known as Eastphalia.\nNapoleon imposed the first written modern constitution in Germany, a French-style central administration, and agricultural reform. The Kingdom liberated the serfs and gave everyone equal rights and the right to a jury trial. In 1808 the Kingdom passed Germany's first laws granting Jews equal rights, thereby providing a model for reform in the other German states. Westphalia seemed to be progressive in immediately enacting and enforcing the new reforms.\nThe country was relatively poor but Napoleon demanded heavy taxes and payments and conscripted soldiers. Few of the men who marched into Russia with Napoleon in 1812 ever returned. The Kingdom was bankrupt by 1812. When Napoleon was retreating in the face of Allied advances in 1813, the Kingdom was overrun by the Allies and (in 1815) most of its territories became Prussian ruled. Most of the reforms, however, remained in place.", "Q372921": "Peter James Tolan III (born July 5, 1958) is an American television producer, director, and screenwriter.", "Q92897": "Leonhard Wolfgang Bibel (born on 28 October 1938 in Nuremberg) is a German computer scientist, mathematician and Professor emeritus at the Department of Computer Science of the Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt. He was one of the founders of the research area of artificial intelligence in Germany and Europe and has been named as one of the ten most important researchers in the German artificial intelligence history by the Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Informatik. Bibel established the necessary institutions, conferences and scientific journals and promoted the necessary research programs to establish the field of artificial intelligence.\nBibel has worked in the fields of automated deduction, knowledge representation, architecture of deductive systems and inference, planning, learning, program synthesis, as well as on topics concerning the implications of AI technology for society. His most outstanding scientific contribution was his connection method, which allows logical conclusions to be drawn automatically in a very compact way. Bibel received the 2006 Herbrand Award for Distinguished Contributions to Automated Reasoning.", "Q1450506": "Canadian French (French: fran\u00e7ais canadien) is the French language as it is spoken in Canada. It includes multiple varieties, the most prominent being Quebec French. Formerly Canadian French referred solely to Quebec French and the closely related varieties of Ontario (Franco-Ontarian) and Western Canada\u2014in contrast with Acadian French, which is spoken in some areas of eastern Quebec, New Brunswick (including the Chiac dialect), and some areas of Nova Scotia (including the dialect St. Marys Bay French). PEI and Newfoundland & Labrador have Newfoundland French.\nIn 2011, the total number of native French speakers in Canada was around 7.3 million (22% of the entire population), while another 2 million spoke it as a second language. At the federal level, it has official status alongside Canadian English. At the provincial level, French is the sole official language of Quebec as well as one of two official languages of New Brunswick, and jointly official (derived from its federal legal status) in Nunavut, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories. Government services are offered in French at select localities in Manitoba, Ontario (through the French Language Services Act) and, to a lesser extent, elsewhere in the country, depending largely on the proximity to Quebec and/or French Canadian influence on any given region. In New Brunswick, all government services must be available in both official languages.\nNew England French (a dialect spoken in northern New England) is essentially a variety of Canadian French and exhibits no particular differences from the Canadian dialects, unlike Louisiana French and Louisiana Creole.", "Q3071": "Punk rock (or simply punk) is a music genre that emerged in the mid-1970s. Rooted in 1960s garage rock, punk bands rejected the perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. They typically produced short, fast-paced songs with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through independent record labels.\nThe term \"punk rock\" was first used by American rock critics in the early 1970s to describe 1960s garage bands and certain subsequent acts they perceived as stylistic inheritors. When the movement now bearing the name developed from 1974 to 1976, acts such as Television, Patti Smith, and the Ramones in New York City; the Sex Pistols, the Clash, and the Damned in London; and the Saints in Brisbane formed its vanguard. As 1977 approached, punk became a major cultural phenomenon in the UK. It spawned a punk subculture expressing youthful rebellion through distinctive styles of clothing and adornment (such as deliberately offensive T-shirts, leather jackets, studded or spiked bands and jewelry, safety pins, and bondage and S&M clothes) and a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies.\nIn 1977, the influence of the music and subculture became more pervasive, spreading worldwide, especially in England. It took root in a wide range of local scenes that often rejected affiliation with the mainstream. In the late 1970s, punk experienced a second wave as new acts that were not active during its formative years adopted the style. By the early 1980s, faster and more aggressive subgenres such as hardcore punk (e.g. Minor Threat), street punk (e.g. the Exploited), and anarcho-punk (e.g. Crass) became the predominant modes of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued other musical directions, giving rise to spinoffs such as post-punk, new wave, and later indie pop, alternative rock, and noise rock. By the 1990s, punk re-emerged into the mainstream with the success of punk rock and pop punk bands such as Green Day, Rancid, the Offspring, and Blink-182.\n\n", "Q558439": "The Sozialistische Deutsche Studentenbund \u2014 the Socialist German Student Union or Socialist German Student League \u2014 was founded in 1946 in Hamburg, Germany, as the collegiate branch of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In the 1950s tensions between the SDS and the main party surfaced, particularly over the party's support of West Germany's rearming, until in 1961 the SPD expelled all members of the SDS from the party. \nAfter its exclusion from the parent organization, the SDS became the leading element in the Au\u00dferparlamentarische Opposition (APO; \"Extraparliamentary Opposition\") that became active when the SPD and Christian Democratic Union formed a grand coalition in late 1966, which left Germany without a strong opposition inside parliament, since those two parties traditionally opposed each other. It consisted mainly of college and university students. The SDS opposed the Vietnam War and Germany's political involvement in it, as well as the use of nuclear weapons, and objected that many former National Socialists still held influential positions in Germany. They also wanted to advance democratic structures in all institutions, for example in school. \nAlternative lifestyles and more tolerance for same-sex couples, a more open treatment of sexual topics, the right to abortion and equal rights for women are also associated with the APO, and the SDS as its best known representative. The students involved used the same methods of protest as the anti-war movement in the United States at that time, for example sit-ins and demonstrations. The student movement reached its height in 1968 (its membership peaked at 2,500 at that time), after that the influence of the SDS declined. In 1970 it disbanded. A resurrection of the SDS in 1988 proved of no importance.\nImportant members of the SDS were Helmut Schmidt, later Chancellor of Germany (he was a member while the SDS was still part of the SPD), the later Red Army Faction member Ulrike Meinhof, and Rudi Dutschke.\nIn 2007 the student organisation of the new German Left Party, Die Linke, adopted the name Die Linke.SDS (Sozialistisch-Demokratischer Studierendenverband) at its founding congress.", "Q95120": "Thomas Alan Shippey (born 9 September 1943) is a British scholar and retired professor of Middle and Old English literature, as well as medievalism and modern fantasy and science fiction. In particular he is widely considered one of the world's leading academic scholars on the works of J. R. R. Tolkien about whom he has written several books and many scholarly papers.", "Q218534": "Cesare Sterbini (born 1784 in Rome \u2013 January 19, 1831) was an Italian writer and librettist.\nPossessing a deep knowledge of classical and contemporary culture, philosophy, linguistics, he was fluent in Greek, Latin, Italian, French and German. He is best known as the librettist for two operas by Gioachino Rossini: Torvaldo e Dorliska (1815) and The Barber of Seville (1816). An official in the Pontifical Administration, he also set poetry to music as an amateur. He wrote the libretto to the opera Il Contraccambio to the music of Giacomo Cordella in 1819, and the opera Isaura and Ricciardo to the music of Francesco Basili in 1820.He died in Rome on 19 January 1831.", "Q55462": "Antonio Pietrangeli (19 January 1919 \u2013 12 July 1968) was an Italian film director and screenwriter. He was a major practitioner of the Commedia all'italiana genre.", "Q129037": "The House of Mirth is a 2000 drama film written and directed by Terence Davies. An adaptation of Edith Wharton's 1905 novel The House of Mirth, the film stars Gillian Anderson. It is an international co-production between the United Kingdom, Germany, and United States.", "Q3615857": "Andrea Mazzucchi (born March 19, 1966) is an Italian American entrepreneur, network architect, and computer specialist\nHe played a significant role in the early development of Internet in Italy and other countries in Eastern Europe, such as Croatia.\nBeing interested in the regulatory side as well as the technical, he also played a key role in the Internet governance of Italy since 1985. He co-founded in 1998 the ccTLD \".it\" policy board (Naming Authority), where he eventually became Chair of the Board of Directors. In 2004, once the Naming Authority evolved into the Rules Committee, he was one of the appointed members.Focused since the very beginning toward the Open Source, in 1992 he co-founded Nexus, the first ISP in Italy based exclusively on Linux and open technologies.\nIn 1993, Mazzucchi co-founded Gedi, one of the first companies in Italy for distance learning.\nIn 1995, he founded Istria On Line, the first ISP in Croatia, and worked on Internet pilot projects in Bulgaria and Hungary, mostly establishing TCP/IP over X.25 Internet connections for international businesses.\nHe is also an active member of the Internet community, being co-founder, with Giancarlo Livraghi, of ALCEI, initially conceived as the Italian branch of EFF.\nMoreover, he is co-founder of the Italian chapter of ISOC where he served on the first Board of Directors.", "Q64867": "Hans-Adolf Pr\u00fctzmann (31 August 1901 \u2013 21 May 1945, L\u00fcneburg) was a high-ranking German SS official during the Nazi era. From June to November 1941, he served as the Higher SS and Police Leader in the Army Group North Rear Area in the occupied Soviet Union. In this capacity, he oversaw the activities of the Einsatzgruppen detachments that perpetrated The Holocaust in the Baltic States.", "Q723027": "Shawn Wayne Hatosy (born December 29, 1975) is an American film and television actor and director. He is best known for his roles in the films In & Out, The Faculty, Outside Providence, Anywhere but Here, The Cooler, and Alpha Dog. He is also well known for his role as Detective Sammy Bryant on the TNT crime drama series Southland and is currently starring as Pope Cody in the TNT crime drama series, Animal Kingdom, based on the 2010 Australian film of the same name.", "Q3132719": "Henry David Cooke (November 23, 1825 \u2013 February 24, 1881) was an American financier, journalist, railroad executive, and politician. He was the younger brother of Philadelphia financier Jay Cooke. A member of the Republican political machine in post-Civil War Washington, D.C., Cooke was appointed first territorial governor of the District of Columbia by Ulysses S. Grant.", "Q300409": "A Flock of Seagulls are an English new wave and synth-pop band originally formed in 1979 in Liverpool by Michael \"Mike\" Score (lead vocals, keyboards), his brother Alister \"Ali\" James Score (drums), and Francis Lee \"Frank\" Maudsley (bass), with their most famous line-up consisting of the Score brothers, Maudsley, and lead guitarist Paul Reynolds.\nIt was one of the most influential bands of the 1980s, mainly for its unique musical style due to the guitar work of Paul Reynolds, the group also defined much of what today is dance music, contemporary pop and electronic music of the days of current.The group had a string of international hit singles including \"I Ran (So Far Away)\" (1982), \"Space Age Love Song\" (1982), \"Wishing (If I Had a Photograph of You)\" (1982), and \"The More You Live, the More You Love\" (1984). They first became notable in the 1980s for their music video for \"I Ran (So Far Away)\" that received airplay on MTV during the Second British Invasion. The band won a Grammy Award in 1983 for their instrumental \"D.N.A\" (1982).\nIn 2018 the members of the original lineup came together to record a new album with the Prague Philharmonic Orchestra entitled Ascension.", "Q1666": "Jacques Romain Georges Brel (French pronunciation: \u200b[\u0292ak \u0281om\u025b\u0303 \u0292\u0254\u0281\u0292 b\u0281\u025bl] Pronunciation ; 8 April 1929 \u2013 9 October 1978) was a Belgian singer, songwriter, poet, actor and director who composed and performed literate, thoughtful, and theatrical songs that generated a large, devoted following\u2014initially in Belgium and France, later throughout the world. He is considered a master of the modern chanson. Although he recorded most of his songs in French and occasionally in Dutch, he became an influence on English-speaking songwriters and performers, such as Scott Walker, David Bowie, Alex Harvey, Marc Almond and Rod McKuen. English translations of his songs were recorded by many performers, including: Bowie; Walker, Ray Charles; Judy Collins; John Denver; The Kingston Trio; Nina Simone; Shirley Bassey; Frank Sinatra and Andy Williams.Brel was a successful actor, appearing in 10 films. He directed two films, one of which, Le Far West, was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1973. Having sold over 25 million records worldwide, Brel is the third best-selling Belgian recording artist of all time. Brel married Th\u00e9r\u00e8se \"Miche\" Michielsen in 1950, and the couple had three children. He also had a romantic relationship with actress and dancer Maddly Bamy from 1972 until his death in 1978.", "Q504434": "Per Yngve Ohlin (16 January 1969 \u2013 8 April 1991), better known by his stage name Dead and nickname Pelle, was a Swedish black metal musician, best known as the lead vocalist and lyricist of the Norwegian black metal band Mayhem from 1988 until his suicide in 1991. He also performed as vocalist of the Swedish death metal band Morbid on their demo December Moon. Dead was a popular figure of the Norwegian black metal scene. Roadrunner Records ranked him No. 48 out of 50 of The Greatest Metal Front-Men of All Time.Dead was known for his morbid personality and obsession with death\u2014his own and the concept in general, which gave rise to his stage name. He hoarded dead birds, wore shirts with funeral announcements printed on them, buried clothes that he only dug up just before performing in concert to smell like a rotting cadaver, and wore corpse paint, being the first in black metal to do so by some accounts. Unlike with other black metal performers, it is believed he did not do so for theatrical value but instead to present himself as a corpse on stage, which he accentuated by wounding himself with implements such as glass shards. He also liked having fans throw body parts of dead animals around at his shows.\nAcquaintances described him as difficult to befriend or understand. Already intensely introverted and depressed, Dead's personality and demeanor would only become more withdrawn leading up to his death, a progression marked by such patterns as Dead harming himself offstage among friends and isolating himself in his room.\nDead committed suicide on 8 April 1991 by slitting his wrists and throat before shooting himself in the forehead with a shotgun. He left a brief suicide note, with the first sentence on the note being: \"Excuse the blood\". Controversially, an image from the aftermath was used as the cover of the bootleg live album Dawn of the Black Hearts. His death marked a turning point in the history of the Norwegian black metal scene which led to a wave of erratic behavior by the scene's members.", "Q319158": "Babes in Toyland is a 1986 American Christmas musical television film directed by Clive Donner and starring Drew Barrymore, Richard Mulligan, Eileen Brennan and Keanu Reeves. Based on the operetta of the same title by Victor Herbert and Glen MacDonough, this version features a new score by Leslie Bricusse along with select portions of Herbert's score.\nShot on location in Munich, West Germany, in summer 1986, it was broadcast on NBC on December 19, 1986 and released on VHS in 1991. The film was shortened to 94 minutes for overseas theatrical release; it is this version that received a worldwide home media release, leaving the original 145-minute cut unreleased.", "Q542461": "Susan Pinker is a psychologist, author and social science columnist for The Wall Street Journal. She is a former weekly columnist for The Globe and Mail, and has also written for The New York Times, The Guardian, and The Times of London. Her first book, The Sexual Paradox, was awarded the William James Book Award in 2010 and was published in 17 countries. Her recent book, The Village Effect was a Canadian bestseller and an Apple 2014 nonfiction best pick. Her work has been featured in The Economist, The Financial Times, and Der Spiegel.", "Q1239933": "Donald McKinley Glover Jr. (born September 25, 1983) is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, director, musician, artist and DJ. He performs music under the stage name Childish Gambino and as a DJ under the name mcDJ.\nAfter working on Derrick Comedy while studying at New York University, Glover was hired at age 23 by Tina Fey as a writer for the NBC sitcom 30 Rock. He later rose to fame for portraying college student Troy Barnes on the NBC sitcom Community. Since 2016, Glover stars in the FX series Atlanta, which he created and occasionally directs. For his work on Atlanta, Glover won various accolades, including two Primetime Emmy Awards, and two Golden Globe Awards. In film acting, Glover has appeared in a number of commercially successful films including the supernatural horror The Lazarus Effect (2015), the comedy-drama Magic Mike XXL (2015), science fiction film The Martian (2015), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017) and as the young Lando Calrissian in Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018). Glover starred in and produced his own short film, Guava Island (2019). He also provided the voice of adult Simba in the remake of the Disney film The Lion King (2019).Following several independently released albums and mixtapes, Glover signed with Glassnote Records in 2011. He released his first studio album, Camp, on November 15, 2011. His second studio album, Because the Internet, was released on December 10, 2013. Glover's third album, \"Awaken, My Love!\", was released on December 2, 2016, spawning the single \"Redbone\", which peaked at number twelve on the Billboard Hot 100 and eventually earned him his first Grammy Award. In May 2018, Glover released the song and music video \"This Is America\", which debuted at number-one on the Hot 100. The song won four Grammy Awards at the 2019 edition: Record of the Year, Song of the Year, Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Music Video.. On March 20, 2020 he released his fourth studio album 3.15.20.", "Q941293": "N.E.R.D. (stylized as N*E*R*D and N.E.R.D, a backcronym of No-one Ever Really Dies) is a rock and hip hop band, formed in Virginia Beach, Virginia in 1999. Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo were signed by Teddy Riley to Virgin Records as a duo, The Neptunes. After producing songs for several artists throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s, the production duo formed the band with Shay Haley as a side project of The Neptunes in 1999. N.E.R.D.'s debut album, In Search Of..., sold 603,000 copies in the United States and was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It was also awarded the second annual Shortlist Music Prize. The band's second album, Fly or Die, sold 412,000 copies in the United States, but shipped at least 500,000 units, certifying it Gold.In 2005, N.E.R.D. ended their contract with Virgin and disbanded. Three years later, the band reunited under Star Trak Entertainment, a subsidiary of Interscope Records established by Williams and Hugo. The band's third album, Seeing Sounds, released in 2008, sold just under 80,000 copies in its first week. The album was followed by Nothing, which was released in 2010.\nN.E.R.D. then began advertising in October 2017 after not saying much since their 2010 album, which made fans speculate that the group had a new album or project in the works. It was later revealed the album would be entitled No One Ever Really Dies, explaining their initial advertisements and confirming the rumors of fans. The group then in early November of the same year released the first single for the album, \"Lemon\". The album was also announced to have collaborations with many popular artists, including Kendrick Lamar, Andr\u00e9 3000, M.I.A, Future, Wale, Gucci Mane, Rihanna, and Ed Sheeran, and was released on December 15, 2017.", "Q287572": "Rebecca Pidgeon (born October 10, 1965) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. She has maintained a recording career while also acting on stage and in feature films. She is married to American playwright David Mamet.", "Q631351": "Origin is an American technical death metal band from Topeka, Kansas, founded in 1997. They have been recognized by music critics and metal fans alike for combining a harsh sound with a high level of technical skill.\nOrigin's music is characterized by almost exclusive use of several specific, difficult playing techniques: blast beats on the drum kit, multiple death growled vocals, and arpeggios and sweep picking on both the guitars and the bass guitar. Their songs often have uneven, shifting time signatures. 2008 saw the band breakthrough in the United States with the release of their fourth studio album, Antithesis which was seen as a hit.", "Q439979": "Robinne Lee (born July 16, 1974) is an American actress and author. She made her screen debut in the 1997 independent film Hav Plenty, and later has appeared in films National Security (2003), Deliver Us from Eva (2003), Hitch (2005), Seven Pounds (2008), Fifty Shades Darker (2017), and Fifty Shades Freed (2018).", "Q7217": "Emperor Qianshao of Han (Chinese: \u6f22\u524d\u5c11\u5e1d, 193 BC \u2013 15 June 184 BC), personal name said to be Liu Gong (Chinese: \u5289\u606d), was the third emperor of the Han Dynasty in China. He was a son, likely the oldest son, of Emperor Hui, likely by a concubine\u2014although there is some controversy on the subject\u2014and adopted by Emperor Hui's wife, Empress Zhang Yan. At the instigation of his grandmother, Empress Dowager L\u00fc, Empress Zhang had Emperor Qianshao's mother put to death.\nVery little about Emperor Qianshao's life and personality is known. There are only a few major important events in his life that are documented (which does not even include the year of his birth). In 188 BC, his father Emperor Hui died, and he, who had been previously made Crown Prince, succeeded to the throne. However, his grandmother, now Grand Empress Dowager L\u00fc, publicly presided over all government affairs.\nSometime in or before 184 BC, Emperor Qianshao discovered that he was not in fact now-Empress Dowager Zhang's son and that his mother had been put to death. He made the mistake of remarking that when he grew up, those who killed his mother would pay for this. Grand Empress Dowager L\u00fc, once she heard of this, had him secretly imprisoned within the palace and publicly announced that he was severely ill and unable to receive anyone. After some time, she told the officials that he continued to be ill and incapable of governing, and that he had also suffered a psychosis. She proposed that he be deposed and replaced. The officials complied with her wishes, and he was deposed and put to death. He was succeeded by his brother Liu Yi, whose name was then changed to Liu Hong.\nEmperor Qianshao, considered to be a mere puppet of Grand Empress Dowager L\u00fc, is often omitted from the official list of emperors of the Han Dynasty.\n\n", "Q2066713": "Denis Mandarino (Denis Garcia Mandarino; born May 7, 1964) is a Brazilian composer, artist and writer, and a disciple of Hans-Joachim Koellreutter in choral conducting and aesthetics.He proposed a theory about four-dimensional perception, which states the concepts behind the renaissance perspective involving four dimensions instead of three dimensions assigned to it. These studies culminated in the development of the method of the four-dimensional perspective.Mandarino wrote the Versatilist manifesto (2007).\n\n", "Q98362": "Martin Schneider (born 1964 in Bad Homburg vor der H\u00f6he), often just called \"Maddin\", is a German comedian, cabarettist and actor.\n\n", "Q72963": "Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm Duncker (February 18, 1813 \u2013 August 23, 1879) was a German publisher and bookseller.", "Q446613": "Unni Maria Lindell (born 3 April 1957 in Oslo) is a Norwegian writer. She is best known for her crime novels (whodunits), but has also written a collection of poems and several children's and young adult books.\nLindell worked as a journalist before she became an author. Her first book Den gr\u00f8nne dagen (\"The green day\") was published in 1986. One of Lindell's most prominent characters is detective Cato Isaksen. Some of the Isaksen books have been adapted as TV films starring Reidar S\u00f8rensen.\nLindell was awarded the Mads Wiel Nygaards Endowment in 1998 and the Critics' Prize for the year's best children's or youth literature. In 1999 she received the Riverton Prize (Rivertonprisen), a literature award given annually to the best Norwegian detective story.", "Q908693": "Brendan Gill (October 4, 1914 \u2013 December 27, 1997) wrote for The New Yorker for more than 60 years. He also contributed film criticism for Film Comment and wrote a popular book about his time at the New Yorker magazine.", "Q659947": "Schwanden is a village, and former municipality, in the municipality of Glarus S\u00fcd and canton of Glarus in Switzerland.", "Q542307": "Peg\u0101h Ahmadi (Persian: \u067e\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u200e) (born 1974) is an Iranian poet, scholar, literary critic and translator of poetry.\nPegah Ahmadi was born in Tehran. She began writing poetry at the age of seven. At seventeen she made her d\u00e9but as a poet by the publication of a poem in the literary magazine Tak\u0101pu, edited by Mansur Kush\u0101n. Since then she has regularly contributed to literary magazines inside Iran. She has studied Persian Literature at University of Tehran.\nPegah Ahamdi has published four books of poetry, On the Final Sol G (1999), Cadence (2001), Writing Footnotes on the Wall of the Family Home (200?), and My These Days Is Throat (2004). Her fifth book of poems, To Find Faults will be published in the course of this year (2008). She has further published two works of translation from English into Persian, one an anthology of the poems by Sylvia Plath, with the title The Love Song of the Insane Girl (2000), and the other, a translation of the book Haiku: Poetry Ancient and Modern, by Jakie Hardy, with the title Hundred and One Haikus, From Past to Present (2007). Ms Ahmadi's scholarly book Women's Poetry from the Beginning to the Present Day was published by Nashr-e S\u0101les (S\u0101les Publications) in 2005. The first volume of Ms Ahmadi's second scholarly book A Comprehensive Anthology of the Poetry by Iranian Women, will be published shortly by Cheshmeh Publications.\nMs Ahmadi has published over sixty articles on subject matters related to criticism of verse, theoretical issues pertaining to poetry and translation of poems in such monthly and quarterly arts and literary magazines as Dour\u0101n, K\u0101rn\u0101meh, Kelk, Jah\u0101n-e Ket\u0101b, Bokh\u0101r\u0101, Bid\u0101r, Sabk-e Nou, Film, Zan\u0101n, Thursday Evening, \u0100zarang, N\u0101feh, Shoukar\u0101n, \u0100zm\u0101, Neg\u0101h-e Nou, Pay\u0101m-e Shom\u0101l and P\u0101prik.", "Q298334": "Thomas Michael Keneally, AO (born 7 October 1935) is a prolific Australian novelist, playwright, and essayist. He is best known for his non-fiction novel Schindler's Ark, the story of Oskar Schindler's rescue of Jews during the Holocaust, which won the Booker Prize in 1982. The book would later be adapted into director Steven Spielberg's 1993 film Schindler's List, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture.", "Q272935": "Estelle Harris (n\u00e9e Nussbaum; born April 4, 1928) is an American actress. Easily recognized by her distinctive, high-pitched voice, she is best known for her roles as Estelle Costanza on Seinfeld, the voice of Mrs. Potato Head in the Toy Story franchise, and Muriel on The Suite Life of Zack & Cody.", "Q139542": "The Man Who Loved Women is a 1983 American comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and starring Burt Reynolds, Julie Andrews and Kim Basinger. It is a remake of the 1977 French film L'Homme qui aimait les femmes.\nIt chronicles the affairs of an artist, as told from the perspective of his analyst and eventual lover. She chronicles his obsessive love of women, which leads to his eventual death.", "Q888087": "Bob Malach (born August 23, 1954) is an American jazz saxophonist.\nMalach learned several reed instruments in his youth, and played with Philadelphia soul bands such as The Stylistics and The O'Jays while still a teenager. He played in the big bands of Lin Biviano and Les Elgart in the mid-1970s, then moved to New York City in 1977, where he met Alphonse Mouzon. He recorded with Mouzon and went on tour with him in Europe, leading to eventual collaborations with European jazz artists including George Gruntz, Chris Hinze, Joachim Kuhn, Didier Lockwood, Palle Mikkelborg, Michel Petrucciani, Aldo Romano, Bo Stief, and Jasper Van't Hof.\nIn the US, Malach played extensively both in jazz circles and with pop, rock, and soul musicians. He worked with Stanley Clarke in the 1970s, and in the 1980s and 1990s played with Horace Silver, Bob Mintzer, Robben Ford, Stevie Wonder, Steve Miller, Joe Zawinul, Mike Stern, Georgie Fame, Ben Sidran, Leni Stern, and Dave Weckl.", "Q2728155": "The Royal Galician Academy (Galician: Real Academia Galega, RAG) is an institution dedicated to the study of Galician culture and especially the Galician language; it promulgates norms of grammar, spelling, and vocabulary and works to promote the language. The Academy is based in A Coru\u00f1a, Galicia, Spain. The current president is V\u00edctor Fern\u00e1ndez Freixanes.", "Q2893480": "Alejandro Romay (born Alejandro Argentino Sa\u00fal January 20, 1927 \u2013 June 25, 2015) was an Argentine businessman and media mogul. He worked for many years at Canal 9 (known under his management as Canal 9 Libertad), and became known as the \"Czar of television\".", "Q356129": "John Phillip Stamos (Greek: \u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd \u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0 \u03a3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2; STAY-mohss; born August 19, 1963) is an American actor, producer, musician, comedian and singer. He first gained recognition for his contract role as Blackie Parrish on the ABC television series General Hospital, for which he was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. He is known for his work in television, especially in his starring role as Jesse Katsopolis on the ABC sitcom Full House. Since the show's finale in 1995, Stamos has appeared in numerous TV films and series. Since 2005, he has been the national spokesperson for Project Cuddle.From 2005 to 2009, Stamos had a starring role on the NBC medical drama ER as Dr. Tony Gates. In September 2009, he began playing the role of Albert in the Broadway revival of Bye Bye Birdie. From September 2015 to 2016, Stamos starred as the lead character in the Fox sitcom Grandfathered. As of 2016, he is an executive producer of the Netflix series Fuller House, in which he reprised the role of Jesse Katsopolis. Recently, he starred as Dr. Nicky in the Lifetime/Netflix psychological thriller You.", "Q129751": "Joseph McCrum Belford (August 5, 1852 \u2013 May 3, 1917) was an American politician and a United States Representative from New York.", "Q1276942": "Eamonn Roderique Walker (born 12 June 1962) is a British film, television and theatre actor. In the United States he is known for playing Kareem Sa\u00efd in the HBO television series Oz, for which he won a CableACE Award, and (since 2012) Battalion Chief Wallace Boden on Chicago Fire and other shows within the Chicago franchise. \nIn the United Kingdom, his notable roles have included Winston in the 1980s BBC series In Sickness and in Health, PC Malcolm Haynes in The Bill and John Othello in the 2001 ITV1 production of Othello.", "Q126462": "Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain) (February 9, 1737 [O.S. January 29, 1736] \u2013 June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary. He authored the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution and inspired the patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Great Britain. His ideas reflected Enlightenment-era ideals of transnational human rights. Historian Saul K. Padover described him as \"a corsetmaker by trade, a journalist by profession, and a propagandist by inclination\".Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all-time best-selling American title, which catalysed the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776\u20131783) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said: \"Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain\". Paine lived in France for most of the 1790s, becoming deeply involved in the French Revolution. He wrote Rights of Man (1791), in part a defense of the French Revolution against its critics. His attacks on Anglo-Irish conservative writer Edmund Burke led to a trial and conviction in absentia in England in 1792 for the crime of seditious libel.\nThe British government of William Pitt the Younger, worried by the possibility that the French Revolution might spread to England, had begun suppressing works that espoused radical philosophies. Paine's work, which advocated the right of the people to overthrow their government, was duly targeted, with a writ for his arrest issued in early 1792. Paine fled to France in September where, despite not being able to speak French, he was quickly elected to the French National Convention. The Girondists regarded him as an ally. Consequently, the Montagnards, especially Maximilien Robespierre, regarded him as an enemy.\nIn December 1793, he was arrested and was taken to Luxembourg Prison in Paris. While in prison, he continued to work on The Age of Reason (1793\u20131794). James Monroe, a future President of the United States, used his diplomatic connections to get Paine released in November 1794. Paine became notorious because of his pamphlets. The Age of Reason, in which he advocated deism, promoted reason and free thought and argued against institutionalized religion in general and Christian doctrine in particular. He published the pamphlet Agrarian Justice (1797), discussing the origins of property and introduced the concept of a guaranteed minimum income through a one-time inheritance tax on landowners. In 1802, he returned to the U.S. When he died on June 8, 1809 only six people attended his funeral as he had been ostracized for his ridicule of Christianity.", "Q922708": "Bruce Edwards Ivins (; April 22, 1946 \u2013 July 29, 2008) was an American microbiologist, vaccinologist, senior biodefense researcher at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, and the suspected perpetrator of the 2001 anthrax attacks.On July 29, 2008, he died of an overdose of acetaminophen (Tylenol) in an apparent suicide after learning that criminal charges were likely to be filed against him by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for an alleged criminal connection to the 2001 anthrax attacks. No formal charges were ever filed against him for the crime, and no direct evidence of his involvement has been uncovered.At a news conference at the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) on August 6, 2008, FBI and DOJ officials formally announced that the Government had concluded that Ivins was likely solely responsible for \"the deaths of five persons, and the injury of dozens of others, resulting from the mailings of several anonymous letters to members of Congress and members of the media in September and October 2001, which letters contained Bacillus anthracis, commonly referred to as anthrax.\" On February 19, 2010, the FBI released a 92-page summary of evidence against Ivins and announced that it had concluded its investigation. The FBI conclusions have been contested by many, including senior microbiologists, the widow of one of the victims, and several prominent American politicians. Senator Patrick Leahy (D-VT) who was among the targets in the attack, Senator Chuck Grassley (R-IA), Senator Arlen Specter (R-PA), Representative Rush Holt (D-NJ), and Representative Jerrold Nadler (D-NY) all argued that Ivins was not solely responsible for the attacks.\nThe FBI subsequently requested a panel from the National Academy of Sciences to review its scientific work on the case. On May 15, 2011, the panel released its findings, which \"conclude[d] that the bureau overstated the strength of genetic analysis linking the mailed anthrax to a supply kept by Bruce E. Ivins.\" The committee stated that its primary finding was that \"it is not possible to reach a definitive conclusion about the origins of the B. anthracis in the mailings based on the available scientific evidence alone.\"", "Q381117": "Gustav Kadelburg (26 January 1851, in Pest \u2013 11 September 1925, in Berlin) was a Hungarian-German Jewish actor, dramatist, writer.\nHe made his first appearance at Leipzig in 1869, and two years later played at the Wallnertheater in Berlin. He was very successful in comedy parts, but abandoned the stage to write comedies and farces.\nIn 1908 The Manchester Guardian reviewed Der Weg zur Holle (\"The Road to Hell\"), his farce over three acts, then playing at the Midland Theatre. While chiding the lack of originality, the reviewer praised the pace - neither too quick to exhaust nor too slow to see the chinks.", "Q266798": "John Norvell (December 21, 1789 \u2013 April 24, 1850) was a newspaper editor and one of the first U.S. Senators from Michigan.\n\n", "Q10658": "The Scottish National Party (SNP; Scottish Gaelic: P\u00e0rtaidh N\u00e0iseanta na h-Alba, Scots: Scots National Pairtie) is a Scottish nationalist, social-democratic political party in Scotland. The SNP supports and campaigns for Scottish independence within the European Union. It is the third-largest political party by membership in the United Kingdom, behind the Labour Party and the Conservative Party; it is the third-largest by overall representation in the House of Commons, behind the Conservative Party and the Labour Party; and it is the largest political party in Scotland, where it has the most seats in the Scottish Parliament and 47 out of the 59 Scottish seats in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The current Scottish National Party leader, Nicola Sturgeon, has served as First Minister of Scotland since November 2014.\nFounded in 1934 with the amalgamation of the National Party of Scotland and the Scottish Party, the party has had continuous parliamentary representation in Westminster since Winnie Ewing won the 1967 Hamilton by-election. With the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999, the SNP became the second-largest party, serving two terms as the opposition. The SNP gained power at the 2007 Scottish Parliament election, forming a minority government, before going on to win the 2011 Parliament election, after which it formed Holyrood's first majority government. It was reduced back to being a minority government at the 2016 election.\nThe SNP is the largest political party in Scotland in terms of both seats in the Westminster and Holyrood parliaments, and membership, reaching 125,482 members as of December 2019, 47 MPs, 61 MSPs and over 400 local councillors. The SNP is a member of the European Free Alliance (EFA). The party does not have any members of the House of Lords, as it has always maintained a position of objecting to an unelected upper house.", "Q1034505": "The Cape au Moine (1,941 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Prealps, located on the border between the cantons of Vaud and Fribourg. It lies north of the Col de Jaman and south of the Col de Soladier, among of a crest of peaks extending roughly north into Fribourg to the Dent de Lys, on the range between Lake Geneva and the valley of Gruy\u00e8re.", "Q92129": "Michael Kumpfm\u00fcller (born 21 July 1961 in Munich) is a German writer and former journalist.", "Q410": "Carl Edward Sagan (; November 9, 1934 \u2013 December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, cosmologist, astrophysicist, astrobiologist, author, science popularizer, and science communicator in astronomy and other natural sciences. He is best known as a science popularizer and communicator. His best known scientific contribution is research on extraterrestrial life, including experimental demonstration of the production of amino acids from basic chemicals by radiation. Sagan assembled the first physical messages sent into space: the Pioneer plaque and the Voyager Golden Record, universal messages that could potentially be understood by any extraterrestrial intelligence that might find them. Sagan argued the now accepted hypothesis that the high surface temperatures of Venus can be attributed to and calculated using the greenhouse effect.Sagan published more than 600 scientific papers and articles and was author, co-author or editor of more than 20 books. He wrote many popular science books, such as The Dragons of Eden, Broca's Brain and Pale Blue Dot, and narrated and co-wrote the award-winning 1980 television series Cosmos: A Personal Voyage. The most widely watched series in the history of American public television, Cosmos has been seen by at least 500 million people across 60 different countries. The book Cosmos was published to accompany the series. He also wrote the science fiction novel Contact, the basis for a 1997 film of the same name. His papers, containing 595,000 items, are archived at The Library of Congress.Sagan advocated scientific skeptical inquiry and the scientific method, pioneered exobiology and promoted the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI). He spent most of his career as a professor of astronomy at Cornell University, where he directed the Laboratory for Planetary Studies. Sagan and his works received numerous awards and honors, including the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal, the National Academy of Sciences Public Welfare Medal, the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction for his book The Dragons of Eden, and, regarding Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, two Emmy Awards, the Peabody Award, and the Hugo Award. He married three times and had five children. After suffering from myelodysplasia, Sagan died of pneumonia at the age of 62, on December 20, 1996.", "Q560818": "David S. Slepian (June 30, 1923 \u2013 November 29, 2007) was an American mathematician. He is best known for his work with algebraic coding theory, probability theory, and distributed source coding. He was colleagues with Claude Shannon and Richard Hamming at Bell Labs.", "Q66916": "Marianne Weber (born Marianne Schnitger, 2 August 1870 \u2013 12 March 1954) was a German sociologist, women's rights activist and the wife of Max Weber.", "Q58620": "August Franz Anton Hans Fritzsche (born 21 April 1900 in Bochum \u2013 died 27 September 1953 in Cologne) was a senior German Nazi official, ending the war as Ministerialdirektor at the Propagandaministerium (Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda). He was the preeminent German broadcaster of his time, as part of efforts to present a more popular and entertaining side of the Nazi regime, and his voice was recognised by the majority of Germans.Fritzsche was present in the Berlin F\u00fchrerbunker during the last days of Adolf Hitler. After Hitler's death, he went over to the Soviet lines in Berlin to offer the surrender of the city to the Red Army on 1 May 1945. He was taken prisoner. Fritzsche died in 1953.", "Q2572585": "Pop rap is a genre of music fusing the rhythm-based lyricism of hip hop music with pop music's preference for melodious vocals and catchy tunes, which gained mainstream popularity during the 1990s. The lyrics are often lighthearted, with choruses similar to those heard in pop music. The influences and roots of pop rap trace back to late 1980s hip hop artists, such as Run DMC, LL Cool J, and Beastie Boys.", "Q1350991": "Jesse David Leach (born July 3, 1978) is an American musician from Providence, Rhode Island, and is the lead vocalist of the metalcore band Killswitch Engage. He is also a vocalist for the hardcore metal bands Times of Grace and The Weapon. In February 2012, he rejoined Killswitch Engage following the departure of vocalist Howard Jones in January 2012. He currently resides in the Catskill Mountains in New York.", "Q94558": "Ari Rath (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e8\u05d8\u200e\u200e; 6 January 1925 \u2013 13 January 2017) was an Austrian-Israeli journalist and writer.", "Q517448": "Dexter Raymond Mills Jr. (born April 17, 1977), better known by his stage name Consequence, is an American rapper from Queens, New York City, New York. Consequence debuted in 1996, appearing several times on A Tribe Called Quest's fourth album Beats, Rhymes, and Life, as he is the cousin of member Q-Tip. In March 2007, he released his debut album Don't Quit Your Day Job!, under Columbia Records and Kanye West's GOOD Music. Consequence left GOOD Music in 2011, on bad terms, after being signed with the label since 2005. He and West later reconciled, despite Consequence speaking ill of West. Consequence subsequently launched his own record label, Band Camp Records, following his departure from GOOD Music.", "Q164889": "Manfred (Sicilian: Manfredi di Sicilia; 1232 \u2013 26 February 1266) was the last King of Sicily from the Hohenstaufen dynasty, reigning from 1258 until his death. The natural son of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, Manfred became regent over the kingdom of Sicily on behalf of his nephew Conradin in 1254. As regent he subdued rebellions in the kingdom, until in 1258 he usurped Conradin's rule. After an initial attempt to appease pope Innocent IV he took up the ongoing conflict between the Hohenstaufens and the papacy through combat and political alliances. He defeated the papal army at Foggia on 2 December 1254. Excommunicated by three successive popes, Manfred was the target of a Crusade (1255\u201366) called first by Pope Alexander IV and then by Urban IV. Nothing came of Alexander's call, but Urban enlisted the aid of Charles of Anjou in overthrowing Manfred. Manfred was killed during his defeat by Charles at the Battle of Benevento, and Charles assumed kingship of Sicily.", "Q57513": "Karl Eduard Wilhelm Groener (22 November 1867 \u2013 3 May 1939) was a German general and politician. His organisational and logistical abilities resulted in a successful military career before and during World War I.\nAfter a confrontation with Erich Ludendorff the Quartermaster general (Erster Generalquartiermeister) of the German Army, Groener was reassigned to a field command. When Ludendorff was dismissed in October 1918, Groener succeeded him. Groener worked with the new Social Democratic president Friedrich Ebert to foil a left-wing take-over during the German Revolution of 1918\u201319. Under his command, the army bloodily suppressed popular uprisings throughout Germany.\nGroener tried to integrate the military, which was dominated by an aristocratic and monarchistic officer corps, into the new republic. After resigning from the army in the summer of 1919, Groener served in several governments of the Weimar Republic as minister of transportation, interior and defence. He was pushed out of the government in 1932 by Kurt von Schleicher, who was working on a pact with the Nazis."} \ No newline at end of file